bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Access site vascular complications in TAVR: Is this the right time?
Authors: Musumeci Giuseppe , Annibali Gianmarco
Published: February 2021

Key Points

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) technique has now been approved across all surgical risk profiles of severe aortic stenosis.

Vascular complications at the large bore puncture site remain a major problem of TAVR.

A higher sheath to femoral artery ratio (SFAR) and multiple vessel entries are independent risk factors of access‐related vascular complications.
How often is urgent surgery required to address transcatheter mitral valve repair complications?
Authors: Postalian Alexander , Krajcer Zvonimir
Published: February 2021

Key Points

TMVr use is likely to continue to grow as experience with the technology increases.

The authors found that surgical bailout for complications after TMVr is relatively infrequent (1.42%) and decreased during the study period.

Data such as those provided by this report are welcome, as they provide reassurance and assist our effort to make therapy options available to patients who need them.
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia arising in a mediastinal mixed germ cell tumor
Authors: Alrohaibani Alaaeddin , Raess Philipp W.
Published: February 2021

AML, frequently showing megakaryocytic differentiation, is known to arise in MGCT and has a dismal prognosis. Close inspection of MGCT is required to identify concurrent AML.
Direct Proof of Volatile and Adsorbed Hydrocarbons on Solid Catalysts by Complementary NMR Methods
Authors: Lang Swen , Dyballa Michael , Traa Yvonne , Estes Deven , Klemm Elias , Hunger Michael
Published: February 2021

In this paper, both volatile and strongly adsorbed products of heavy hydrocarbon conversion on a zeolite were investigated by gas‐phase and solid‐state NMR. For this purpose, the reactions were carried out in sealed glass tubes under vacuum to collect the volatile reaction products. This procedure is demonstrated for pure 2‐ethylphenol conversion on ultra‐stabilized zeolite Y leading to both the formation of light alkanes and deoxygenation products. The above‐mentioned method is useful to improve the understanding of heavy hydrocarbon conversion under batch conditions.
Dual‐center experiences with interventional closure of patent foramen ovale: A medium‐term follow‐up study comparing two patient groups aged under and over 60 years
Authors: Nachoski Dejan , Schroeder Joerg , Almalla Mohammad , Kubini Ralf , Tchaikovski Vadim , Kosinski Christoph , Becker Michael , Aljalloud Ali
Published: February 2021

Background

Current guidelines recommend interventional closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke who are under 60 years of age.

Hypothesis

The hypothesis of this study was to compare follow‐up results of PFO closure in patients over 60 years of age to those of patients under 60 years of age in order to determine whether the procedure is safe and effective for both age groups.

Methods

We included 293 patients who had a cryptogenic ischemic stroke and a PFO confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and who were scheduled for percutaneous closure of the PFO between 2014 and 2019. The device implantation was completed in all patients using an Amplatzer™, Occlutec™, or Cardia Ultrasept PFO occluder.

Results

Follow‐up TEE examinations were performed at intervals of 1, 3, and 6 months after implantation. Patients were followed for a median of 3.6 ± 1.2 years. Recurrent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, cardiac death, arrhythmias, and residual shunt were reported equally in both groups.

Conclusions

Interventional closure of PFO can be as safe and effective in patients over 60 years of age as it is in patients under 60 years of age regardless of the device used. In this older patient group, rigorous discussion and a case‐by‐case decision‐making process including cardiologists and neurologists is warranted to ensure optimal procedure selection.
A pilot study of the effect of a home‐based multimodal symptom‐management program in children and adolescents undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Cheng Karis Kin‐Fong , Tan Laura Mei Lian
Published: February 2021

Background

Prevalent symptoms that affect children and adolescents throughout the process of cancer diagnosis and treatment include nausea and vomiting, fatigue, pain, mucositis, and anxiety.

Aim

To examine the effect of a home‐based multimodal symptom‐management program for alleviation of nausea and vomiting, fatigue, pain, mucositis, and anxiety in children and adolescents undergoing chemotherapy for hematological malignancies or solid tumors.

Methods

In an exploratory pilot randomized study with qualitative interview, patients between 10 and 18 years of age were randomly assigned to either the symptom‐management program plus usual care (intervention group) or usual care (control group). The program consisted of multiple nonpharmacological interventional components. The targeted symptoms were measured at baseline (after diagnosis), at the first 2 weeks of each cycle of chemotherapy, and at 6 months after baseline, using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale 10‐18 and the State Anxiety Scale for Children.

Results

Fifty children (31 boys; mean age, 13.7 years) were randomized either to the intervention group or the control group (25 each) and underwent baseline assessment. A comparison between the groups showed that the intervention group had a significant less fatigue over time (P < .05). However, no differences were found with respect to nausea and vomiting, pain, mucositis, and anxiety between groups. Both children and parents reported a positive experience with the symptom‐management program.

Conclusion

The home‐based symptom‐management program may have helped to reduce fatigue in children and adolescents undergoing chemotherapy. In addition, qualitative data support the importance of improving children and parents' knowledge, coping skills, and psychological preparation for symptoms associated with chemotherapy.
Comparative Study of NO and CO Oxidation Reactions on Single‐Atom Catalysts Anchored Graphene‐like Monolayer
Authors: Tang Yanan , Chen Weiguang , Zhao Gao , Teng Da , Cui Yingqi , Li Zhaohan , Feng Zhen , Dai Xianqi
Published: February 2021

Noble metal single‐atom catalysts (NM‐SACs) anchored at novel graphene‐like supports has attracted enormous interests. Gas sensitivity, catalytic activity, and d‐band centers of single NM (Pt and Pd) atoms at graphenylene (graphenylene‐NM) are investigated using first‐principle calculations. The adsorption geometries of gas reactants on graphenylene‐NM sheets are analyzed. It is found that the adsorption energies of reactant species on graphenylene‐Pt are larger than those on graphenylene‐Pd, because the d‐band center of the Pt atom is closeser to the Fermi level. The NO and CO oxidation reactions on graphenylene‐NM are investigated via four catalytic mechanisms, including Langmuir‐Hinshelwood (LH), Eley‐Rideal (ER), New ER (NER), and termolecular ER (TER). The results show that the NO and CO oxidations via LH and TER mechanisms can occur owing to the relatively small energy barriers. Moreover, the interaction of 2NO+2CO via ER mechanism is the energetically more favorable reaction. Although the NO oxidation via the NER mechanism has rather low energy barriers, the reaction is unlikely to occur due to the low adsorption energy of O2 compared with CO and NO. This research may provide guidance for exploring the catalytic performance of SACs on graphene‐like materials to remove toxic gas molecules.
Infrared and NMR Spectroscopic Fingerprints of the Asymmetric H7+O3 Complex in Solution
Authors: Kozari Eve , Sigalov Mark , Pines Dina , Fingerhut Benjamin P. , Pines Ehud
Published: February 2021

Infrared (IR) absorption in the 1000–3700 cm−1 range and 1H NMR spectroscopy reveal the existence of an asymmetric protonated water trimer, H7+O3, in acetonitrile. The core H7+O3 motif persists in larger protonated water clusters in acetonitrile up to at least 8 water molecules. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal irreversible proton transport promoted by propagating the asymmetric H7+O3 structure in solution. The QM/MM calculations allow for the successful simulation of the measured IR absorption spectra of H7+O3 in the OH stretch region, which reaffirms the assignment of the H7+O3 spectra to a hybrid‐complex structure: a protonated water dimer strongly hydrogen‐bonded to a third water molecule with the proton exchanging between the two possible shared‐proton Zundel‐like centers. The H7+O3 structure lends itself to promoting irreversible proton transport in presence of even one additional water molecule. We demonstrate how continuously evolving H7+O3 structures may support proton transport within larger water solvates.
MXene‐Based Humidity‐Responsive Actuators: Preparation and Properties
Authors: Wang Jingfeng , Ma Haoxiang , Liu Yuyan , Xie Zhimin , Fan Zhimin
Published: February 2021

Water is a significant and abundant resource as well as a pure natural energy source. Many researchers have been reported on humidity‐responsive actuators that mimick the humidity responsive behavior that widely exists in nature. Benefiting from advantages such as hydrophilicity, high electrical conductivity, and good dispersibility, MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) show promising performance when applied to humidity‐responsive actuators. This Minireview describes the preparation methods and structural characteristics of MXenes, and the mechanism of humidity‐responsive actuators. Recent important advances of MXene materials in actuators are objectively reviewed and evaluated, and existing issues are discussed. In addition, the development of these systems is outlined from the aspects of MXene preparation, structure control, design and assembly, and applications, and provides new ideas and guidance for the development of the next generation of high‐performance MXene‐based humidity‐responsive actuators.
Board gender diversity and corporate social responsibility assurance: The moderating effect of ownership concentration
Authors: Buertey Samuel
Published: February 2021

This paper investigates (a) the relationship between board gender diversity (FDoB) and the assurance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports, (b) and examines the moderation effect of ownership concentration on the FDoB and CSR assurance relationship. Logistic regression analysis is used to estimate the coefficients of the variables. The result shows a positive relationship between FDoB and the assurance of CSR reports, and that, consistent with critical mass theory, the relationship is greater for firms with two or more women on boards. Further analysis, however, shows that ownership concentration has an adverse effect on the FDoB and CSR assurance nexus. Practically, the study provides stakeholders the impetus to pursue reforms that advance board gender diversity among firms to promote corporate governance and accountability. Theoretically, it contributes to the literature on board gender diversity. It has also advanced the relevance of critical mass theory in the context of gender diversity in the boardroom.
Fe‐cation Doping in NiSe2 as an Effective Method of Electronic Structure Modulation towards High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Shi Liwei , Fang Hailiang , Yang Xiaoxia , Xue Jie , Li Caifeng , Hou Shifeng , Hu Cheng
Published: February 2021

The commercialization of Li−S batteries is hindered by the shuttling of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), the sluggish sulfur redox kinetics as well as the low sulfur utilization during charge/discharge processes. Herein, a free‐standing cathode material was developed, based on Fe‐doped NiSe2 nanosheets grown on activated carbon cloth substrates (Fe‐NiSe2/ACC) for high‐performance Li−S batteries. Fe‐doping in NiSe2 plays a key role in the electronic structure modulation of NiSe2, enabling improved charge transfer with the adsorbed LiPSs molecules, stronger interactions with the active sulfur species and higher electrical conductivity. Effective promotion of the sulfur redox kinetics and enhanced sulfur utilization were achieved under high areal sulfur loadings. The stronger interactions with LiPSs together with the unique 3D structure of Fe‐NiSe2/ACC also induced the transformation of Li2S2/Li2S growth from conventional 2D films to 3D particles, significantly eliminating the barriers of solid nucleation and growth during the phase transition of liquid LiPSs to solid Li2S2/Li2S. With a high sulfur loading of 9.9 mg cm−2, the Fe‐NiSe2/ACC cathode enabled a high area capacity of 9.14 mAh cm−2 with a low average decay of 0.11 % per cycle over 200 cycles at 0.1 C.
Single bit line accessed high‐performance ultra‐low voltage operating 7T static random access memory cell with improved read stability
Authors: Rawat Bhawna , Mittal Poornima
Published: February 2021

Static random access memory (SRAM) bit cell is a prominent element for portable devices. The popularity of sleek designs and demand for longer battery life has driven memory cell into nanometer domain. This has also bolstered the need for low‐voltage devices. But reduction in operational voltage for cell is limited by process variation. In this work, a single bit line seven‐transistor (7T) SRAM bit cell is reported. The cell is designed for 32‐nm technology node and is functional at 300 mV. The reported cell maintains a 90‐mV hold and read static noise margins (SNMs), while the write margin is 190 mV. The pulse width needed to successfully write into the cell is 30 ns. The performance of proposed 7T cell is compared against different 6T, 7T, 8T, and 10T SRAM bit cells. The hold and read SNMs for proposed 7T are found to be 58.8%, better than single‐ended 6T cell, while the write ability is improved by 71.4%. The leakage current is observed to have decreased by a factor of 14 for Q = 0 (Q being the data storage node) and by factor of 28 for Q = 1, compared to 6T cell. Also, the area footprint of the proposed 7T SRAM cell is 0.442 μm2.
Moving academic conferences online: Understanding patterns of delegate engagement
Authors: Raby Cassandra L. , Madden Joah R.
Published: February 2021

Scientific conferences are a key component of academic communication and development. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, in‐person conferences are rapidly moving online, yet these virtual events may not provide the same opportunities as in‐person conferences. If virtual meetings are to continue to provide effective communication and networking between researchers and stakeholders, they must be adapted to increase delegate engagement and enthusiasm. Here, we present a case study of a recent medium‐sized online conference. We assessed the behavior and engagement of delegates with different components of the meeting using data from website analytics and postconference surveys. Behavior was variable across the available events; talks were particularly popular but engagement with social and networking opportunities was variable. Our conclusions have been summarized in six recommendations to support future online conference organizers in enhancing engagement with their events.
Use of sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus: data from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Becher Peter M. , Schrage Benedikt , Ferrannini Giulia , Benson Lina , Butler Javed , Carrero Juan Jesus , Cosentino Francesco , Dahlström Ulf , Mellbin Linda , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Sinagra Gianfranco , Stolfo Davide , Lund Lars H. , Savarese Gianluigi
Published: February 2021

Aims

Use of sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in real‐world heart failure (HF) is poorly characterised. In contemporary patients with HF and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) we assessed over time SGLT2i use, clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with SGLT2i use.

Methods and results

Type 2 diabetes patients enrolled in the Swedish HF Registry between 2016–2018 were considered. We performed multivariable logistic regression models to assess the independent predictors of SGLT2i use and Cox regression models in a 1:3 propensity score‐matched cohort and relevant subgroups to investigate the association between SGLT2i use and outcomes. Of 6805 eligible HF patients with T2DM, 376 (5.5%) received SGLT2i, whose use increased over time with 12% of patients on treatment at the end of 2018. Independent predictors of SGLT2i use were younger age, HF specialty care, ischaemic heart disease, preserved kidney function, and absence of anaemia. Over a median follow‐up of 256 days, SGLT2i use was associated with a 30% lower risk of cardiovascular (CV) death/first HF hospitalisation (hazard ratio 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.52–0.95), which was consistent regardless of ejection fraction, background metformin treatment and kidney function. SGLT2i use was also associated with a lower risk of all‐cause and CV death, HF and CV hospitalisation, and CV death/myocardial infarction/stroke.

Conclusion

In a contemporary HF cohort with T2DM, SGLT2i use increased over time, was more common with specialist care, younger age, ischaemic heart disease, and preserved renal function, and was associated with lower mortality and morbidity.
Understanding the “Molten Salt” Synthesis of MAPbI3 – Characterization of New Lead(II)‐Ammine Complexes as Intermediates
Authors: Daub Michael , Hillebrecht Harald
Published: February 2021

The so‐called “molten salt process” is used to enhance the properties of perovskite‐based solar cells using CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) as an absorber. We have characterized intermediates of the reaction of CH3NH2 with both PbI2 and MAPbI3. The reaction of PbI2 or MAPbI3 in liquid CH3NH2 yields white [Pb(CH3NH2)6]I2 (cubic K2PtCl6 type), representing a typical coordination compound and the first homoleptic ammine Pb(II)‐complex. Reducing the CH3NH2 vapor pressure and/or increasing the temperature gives pale‐yellow platelets of the neutral complex Pb(CH3NH2)4I. The coordination of Pb2+ consists of four neutral CH3NH2 ligands and two iodide anions with quite different distances, so the complex could also be written as [Pb(CH3NH2)4I]+I−. Traces of humidity in the molten salt process result in the formation of Pb(OH)I and a new compound, namely (CH3NH3)5(CH3NH2)2Pb2I9 with isolated [Pb2I9]5− di‐octahedra. Charge compensation takes place by CH3NH3+ cations and novel dimers [CH3NH3⋅⋅⋅NH2CH3]+, where a cation and neutral molecule are connected via a N−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bond.
Generalized Weisskopf‐Wigner model of triboelectroluminescence
Authors: Lew Yan Voon Lok C. , Hasbun Javier E. , Willatzen Morten , Wang Zhong L.
Published: February 2021

The phenomenon of triboelectroluminescence is studied using a generalization of the Weisskopf‐Wigner model of spontaneous emission in an electronic two‐level system. An irreversible and exponential transfer of charge results from the model. The charge transfer between two linear atomic chains is computed as a function of the separation of the two chains and as a function of the temperature. Triboelectroluminescence due to spontaneous emission is found to be more efficient when the electron states in the two materials have a larger energy separation and decays rapidly with separation. It is insensitive to temperature variation when the electrons emanate from insulators or surface states, but not when they emanate from partially‐filled bands due to the thermal excitation of the electrons.

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Formic acid synthesis and utilization for solar energy storage through solar‐driven chloralkali process and fuel cells
Authors: Mardini Nour , Bicer Yusuf
Published: February 2021

The objective of this work is to propose an integrated system for formic acid synthesis via photovoltaic (PV) assisted‐chloralkali process and clean power generation by the fuel cell. The initial step is to develop process flow diagrams and to apply heat integration techniques to conserve energy in the synthesis of formic acid and direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC). The proposed system forms formic acid from gaseous H2 produced from chloralkali unit and captured CO2. The electricity requirements of both PV‐assisted chloralkali and compression stages are supplied from the PV units. The results imply that the chloralkali process necessitates about 7.22 MW power to produce hydrogen at 25°C and 1 bar with an energy efficiency of 84%. H2 and CO2 gases are compressed to 60 bars with a total energy requirement of 951 kW. In the heat integration part, different scenarios are developed to determine the minimum heating and cooling requirements for maximum heat recovery. The results of such heat integration were achieved to conserve the energy in the formic acid process with total hot and cold utilities of 599 kW and 1884 kW, respectively.
Evaluation of olive oil effects on human stress response by measuring cerebral blood flow
Authors: Mitsukura Yasue , Sumali Brian , Nara Risa , Watanabe Kenichi , Inoue Masami , Ishida Ken , Nishiwaki Mika , Mimura Masaru
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we evaluated the effects of olive oil on human's stress level. In recent years, mental stress from harsh working environment have been causing serious problems to human health, both mentally and physically. Symptoms of stress may include feelings of worthlessness, agitation, anxiety, lethargy, insomnia, and behavioral changes. Additionally, the harsh working environments may cause the workers to adopt unhealthy dietary habits, contributing to the health issue. On the other hand, olive oil has been known to provide stress‐relieving effects both by ingestion and by inhaling the scent. Here, we examined the effects of extravirgin olive oil ingestion for mitigating stress from deskwork. Three best‐selling extravirgin olive oil in Japan were tested, and typing task was selected to emulate deskwork situation. Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is utilized in this study to visualize the response in brain via cerebral blood flow analysis and to measure participants’ stress level. Statistical analysis showed that the stress levels were lower during the olive oil ingestion experiment compared to no‐oil experiment, even when measured one hour after the ingestion.
A snapshot study of the microbial community dynamics in naturally fermented cow’s milk
Authors: Xu Wei‐Liang , Li Chun‐Dong , Guo Yuan‐Sheng , Zhang Yi , Ya Mei , Guo Liang
Published: February 2021

Natural fermentation of milk is a prerequisite in the production of traditional dairy products and is considered a bioresource of fermentative microorganisms and probiotics. To understand the microbial dynamics during distinct fermentative phases, the roles of different microbes, and the relationship between bacteria and fungi, microbial community dynamics was investigated by culture‐dependent and culture‐independent approaches. Natural, static fermentation of milk induces the formation of the underlying curds and the superficial sour cream (Zuohe in the Mongolian language). From an overall perspective, viable LAB increased remarkably. Yeast showed an initial increase in their abundance (from 0 hr to 24 hr), which was followed by a decrease, and mold was detected at the later stages of fermentation (after 68 hr). The observed trends in microbiota variation suggest an antagonistic interaction between bacteria (LAB) and fungi (yeast and mold). The beneficial bacterial and fungal genus and species (e.g., Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Dipodascus, Lactococcus lacti, Dipodascus australiensis) are gradually increased in concentration, and the potentially detrimental microbial genus and species (e.g., Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Mortierella, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Fusarium solani) decrease during the decline of bacterial and fungi diversity from natural fermentation. The study of microbial community dynamics could make a great contribution to understand the mechanism of natural fermentation of milk and the formation of curds and Zuohe, and to discover the potentially fermentative microbes for industrial starter cultures.
Genesis of hydrothermal gold mineralization in the Qianhe deposit, central China: Constraints from in situ sulphur isotope and trace elements of pyrite
Authors: Feng Jia‐Ying , Tang Li , Santosh M. , Zhang Shou‐Ting , Sheng Yuan‐Ming , Hu Xin‐Kai , Wang Liang
Published: February 2021

The Qianhe gold deposit, located at Xiong'ershan in Eastern Qinling, with estimated gold reserves of 22 tons, hosts six orebodies within auriferous quartz veins and hydrothermally‐altered rocks along E–W trending faults. Here we present results from an integrated study involving field investigation, ore petrology, in situ sulphur isotopes, and trace elements analysis of gold‐bearing pyrite with a view to understanding the genesis of the hydrothermal gold mineralization. Three generations of pyrite are identified in the Qianhe Au deposit: Py1 is composed of coarse‐grained, euhedral cubic grains occurring at the margin of stage I quartz + pyrite vein; Py2 is occurs as porous grains coexisting with other sulphide minerals in stage II quartz + polymetallic sulphide veins; and Py3 is mainly composed of anhedral grains in stage III quartz + calcite + fluorite vein. Among the three generations, Py2 has the highest contents of Au (mean = 3.5 ppm), Ag (mean = 46.0 ppm), Zn (mean = 303 ppm), and Cu (mean = 346 ppm). The distribution and concentration of these trace elements are likely to be controlled by micro/nano‐inclusions in pyrite. The Co/Ni ratios range from 0.010 to 296, with most values lying between 0.1 and 10. The δ34S values of the various pyrite generations show a wide range between −17.9‰ and 4.5‰ with obviously higher values in Py3 (2.0‰ to 4.5‰) than those in Py1 (−16.7‰ to −13.5‰) and Py2 (−17.9‰ to −9.0‰). The negative δ34S values in Py1 and Py2 possibly resulted from sulphur isotope fractionation between sulphide and sulphate minerals. As sulphate minerals are absent in stage III, the slightly positive δ34S values in Py3 suggest a mixed source from mantle‐derived material and wall rocks of the Xiong'er Group. We correlate the genesis of gold mineralization in the Qianhe deposit with the extension and lithospheric thinning during Early Cretaceous, when ore‐bearing fluids channelled along fault zones induced hydrothermal alteration and Au mineralization.
The effect of hedgerow wild‐margins on topsoil hydraulic properties, and overland‐flow incidence, magnitude and water‐quality
Authors: Wallace Ethan E. , McShane Gareth , Tych Wlodek , Kretzschmar Ann , McCann Thomas , Chappell Nick A.
Published: February 2021

Overland and shallow‐subsurface flows from agricultural catchments are believed to contribute towards flood‐risk and water‐quality degradation across the globe. Hedgerows are commonplace agricultural features that may disrupt these rapid hydrological pathways. Research into the hydrological functioning of hedgerows is very limited however, with no field‐based quantitative comparison of overland‐flows within hedgerows versus other land‐uses. This research is the first globally to observe changes in overland‐flow incidence, volume and water‐quality, alongside topsoil hydraulic and physico‐chemical properties, induced by a hedgerow and adjoining wild‐margin within a grassland landscape. Observations were conducted within two replicated paired‐plots between a hedgerow wild‐margin and a bordering pasture, within Cumbria, UK. Compared to adjacent pasture, hedge‐margins significantly reduced topsoil dry bulk‐density and increased porosity, and significantly increased the topsoil median permeability by a factor of 22–27. Overland‐flow models, based on direct observations, highlight that hedge‐margins are slower to produce overland‐flows than pastures, requiring an equal or greater amount of saturation before the onset of overland‐flow generation. Hedge‐margins resultantly produced less overland‐flow volume, likely due to increased infiltration, percolation and/or evapotranspiration. Soil saturation models, also based on direct observations, confirm pastures saturate faster than hedge‐margins, with hedge‐margins having extremely variable dynamics in relation to precipitation, whereas pastures have more moderate and consistent dynamics. Overland‐flow water‐quality from ‘wash‐off’ experiments highlight that hedge‐margins may store substantially more nitrate (70–260%), nitrate‐nitrite (640–650%), and loose sediment (540–3970%) on the ground surface compared to pastures; although further experimentation is needed to determine contaminant mobilization potential.
Hypofractionated volumetric‐modulated arc therapy for breast cancer: A propensity‐score‐weighted comparison of radiation‐related toxicity
Authors: Kim Nalee , Chang Jee Suk , Shah Chirag , Shin Hyejung , Keum Ki Chang , Suh Chang‐Ok , Kim Yong Bae
Published: February 2021

We assessed the clinical benefit of combining volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and hypofractionated radiotherapy (HF‐RT) considering the incidence of radiation‐related toxicities. After a retrospective review for breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant RT between 2005 and 2017, a total of 4209 patients treated with three‐dimensional conventional fractionation (CF‐3D, 50.4 Gy/28 fractions) and 1540 patients treated with HF‐RT (768 received HF‐3D; 772, HF‐VMAT; 40 Gy/15 fractions) were included. A total of 2229 patients (38.8%) received regional node irradiation (RNI): 1642 (39.0%), 167 (21.7%) and 420 (54.4%) received RNI via CF‐3D, HF‐3D and HF‐VMAT, respectively. Acute/subacute and late toxicities were evaluated. Propensity scores were calculated via logistic regression. Grade 2+ acute/subacute toxicities was the highest in CF‐3D group (15.0%, 2.6% and 1.6% in CF‐3D, HF‐3D and HF‐VMAT, respectively; P < .001). HF‐VMAT reduced Grade 2+ acute/subacute toxicities significantly compared to CF‐3D (odds ratio [OR] 0.11, P < .001) and HF‐3D (OR 0.45, P = .010). The 3‐year cumulative rate of late toxicities was 18.0% (20.1%, 10.9% and 13.4% in CF‐3D, HF‐3D and HF‐VMAT, respectively; P < .001). On sensitivity analysis, the benefit of HF‐VMAT was high in the RNI group. Acute and late toxicities were fewer after HF‐VMAT than after HF‐3D or CF‐3D, especially in women who underwent RNI.
Only three cycles of nivolumab showed remarkable durable response and reversible myeloradiculoneuropathy in a patient with metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma type 2
Authors: Iwasaki Kazunori , Shin Toshitaka , Inoue Toru , Shibuya Tadamasa , Hirai Kenichi , Ando Tadasuke , Mimata Hiromitsu
Published: February 2021

Introduction

The efficacy of nivolumab for non‐clear cell renal cell carcinoma is still unclear. We present a rare case of metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma remarkably responded to nivolumab but developed myeloradiculoneuropathy as immune‐related adverse event.

Case presentation

The patient had previously undergone radical nephrectomy for right renal mass and was diagnosed as papillary renal cell carcinoma type 2, pT3bN0M0. Three years after the first surgery, he received 3 mg/kg of nivolumab as a second‐line drug for mediastinum lymph nodes and lung metastases. With three cycles of nivolumab, the patient felt progressive weakness of the legs and received two cycles of steroid‐pulse therapy based on the diagnosis of myeloradiculoneuropathy. Although nivolumab therapy has been discontinued, the metastases show radiographic complete response at 2 years after the last nivolumab administration without any additional therapy.

Conclusion

Nivolumab may be a promising treatment option for non‐clear cell renal cell carcinoma such as papillary renal cell carcinoma.
Front Cover
Authors: Yang Bin , Lee Po‐Yi , Hua Yi , Brazile Bryn , Waxman Susannah , Ji Fengting , Zhu Ziyi , Sigal Ian A.
Published: February 2021

Instant polarized light microscopy (IPOL) allows for direct visualization of collagen with a single image encoding orientation and retardance in color and intensity, respectively, without post‐processing. The high spatiotemporal resolution of IPOL makes it well‐suited for quantitative imaging of collagen microarchitecture and behavior under dynamic loading. IPOL is therefore a powerful imaging tool that facilitates research on the biomechanics and pathophysiology of collagenous tissues. We demonstrate IPOL for sheep eyes, pig chordae tendineae and chicken tendon.

Further details can be found in the article by Bin Yang, Po‐Yi Lee, Yi Hua, Bryn Brazile, Susannah Waxman, Fengting Ji, Ziyi Zhu, and Ian A. Sigal (e202000326).

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Micropatterning of polymer substrates for cell culture
Authors: Yu Suzhu , Liu Dan , Wang Tianyi , Lee Yi Zhen , Wong Joshua Cheng Ning , Song Xu
Published: February 2021

The cell microenvironment such as substrate topology plays an important role in biological processes. In this study, microgrooves were successfully produced on surfaces of both thermoplastic and thermoset polymers using cost‐effective techniques for mass production. The micropatterning of thermoplastic polystyrene (PS) petri dish was accomplished efficiently using an in‐house developed low‐cost hot embossing system. The high replication fidelity of the microgroove with depth and width of 2 μm and spacing of 2 μm was achieved by using silicone rubber as a soft counter mold. This patterned petri dish subsequently served as the cast to replicate the micropattern onto thermoset polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). It was found that the micropattern increased the hydrophobicity of both PS and PDMS surfaces. The effect of the substrate micropattern on cellular behaviors was preliminarily investigated with untreated and treated PS petri dish as well as PDMS. The results show that the micropattern significantly improved cell adhesion and proliferation for cells cultured on untreated PS petri dish and PDMS substrates. Moreover, the micropattern induced obvious cell alignment along the microgrooves for culturing on all substrates which were studied.
Multipolar electrostatics for hairpin and pseudoknots in RNA: Improving the accuracy of force field potential energy function
Authors: Yuan Yongna , Fu Shaowei , Huo Dongxu , Su Wei , Zhang Ruisheng , Wei Jiaxuan
Published: February 2021

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that rely on force field methods has been widely used to explore the structure and function of RNAs. However, the current commonly used force fields are limited by the electrostatic description offered by atomic charge, dipole and at most quadrupole moments, failing to capture the anisotropic picture of electronic features. Actually, the distribution of electrons around atomic nuclei is not spherically symmetric but is geometry dependent. A multipolar electrostatic model based on high rank multipole moments is described in this work, which allows us to combine polarizability and anisotropy of electron density. RNA secondary structure was taken as a research system, and its substructures including stem, loops (hairpin loop, bulge loop, internal loop, and multi‐branch loop), and pseudoknots (H‐type and K‐type) were investigated, respectively, as well as the hairpin. First, the atom–atom electrostatic properties derived from one chain of a duplex RNA 2MVY in our previous work (Ref. 58) were measured by the pilot RNA systems of hairpin, hairpin loop, stem, and H‐type pseudoknot, respectively. The prediction results were not satisfactory. Consequently, to obtain a general set of electrostatic parameters for RNA force fields, the convergence behavior of the atom–atom electrostatic interactions in the pilot RNA systems was explored using high rank atomic multipole moments. The pilot RNA systems were cut into four types of different‐sized molecular fragments, and the single nucleotide fragment and nucleotide‐paired fragment proved to be the most reasonable systems for base‐unpairing regions and base‐pairing regions to investigate the convergence behavior of all types of atom–atom electrostatic interactions, respectively. Transferability of the electrostatic properties drawn from the pilot RNA systems to the corresponding test systems was also investigated. Furthermore, the convergence behavior of atomic electrostatic interactions in other substructures including bulge loop, internal loop, multi‐branch loop, and K‐type pseudoknot was expected to be modeled via the hairpin.
Methotrexate Triglutamate as a Determinant of Clinical Response in Mexican Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pharmacokinetics and Dose Recommendation
Authors: Huerta‐García Ana P. , Rodríguez‐Báez Ana S. , Medellín‐Garibay Susanna E. , Portales‐Pérez Diana P. , Martínez‐Martínez Marco U. , Abud‐Mendoza Carlos , Herrera‐Van Oostdam David , Romano‐Moreno Silvia , Milán‐Segovia Rosa del C.
Published: February 2021

Methotrexate is the gold standard treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Once absorbed, it is internalized in cells, where glutamate residues are added to produce polyglutamated forms, which are responsible for the effect of methotrexate. The aim of the current study is to determine the relationship between methotrexate triglutamate concentrations and the clinical evolution in rheumatoid arthritis patients, as well as to characterize the variability in both features to propose strategies for low‐dose methotrexate optimization. The quantification of methotrexate triglutamate concentration in red blood cells was performed through ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Polymorphisms of genes involved in the formation of polyglutamates were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. A multivariate regression was performed to determine the covariates involved in the variability of methotrexate triglutamate concentrations and a population pharmacokinetics model was developed through nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling. Disease activity score changed according to methotrexate triglutamate concentrations; patients with good response to treatment had higher concentrations than moderate or nonresponding patients. The methotrexate triglutamate concentrations were related to time under treatment, dose, red blood cells, and body mass index. A 1‐compartment open model was selected to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters; the typical total clearance (L/day) was determined as 1.45 * (body mass index/28 kg/m2) * (red blood cells/4.6 × 106 cells/μL) and the volume of distribution was 52.4 L, with an absorption rate of 0.0346/day and a fraction metabolized of 1.03%. Through the application of the model, the initial dose of methotrexate is proposed on the basis of stochastic simulations and considering methotrexate triglutamate concentrations found in responders patients.
Assessment of atrial functional remodeling in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia with and without drug‐induced type 1 Brugada pattern: A case‐control study
Authors: Kocabaş Umut , Payzın Serdar , Hasdemir Can
Published: February 2021

Purpose

The time interval between the onset of the P‐wave on electrocardiogram (ECG) and peak A′ velocity of the lateral left atrial wall assessed by tissue Doppler imaging (PA‐TDI interval) determine total atrial conduction time (TACT) which reflects atrial remodeling and arrhythmic substrate. In this retrospective study, we aimed to assess TACT in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) with and without drug‐induced type 1 Brugada electrocardiogram ECG pattern (DI‐Type 1 BrP) and control subjects.

Methods

Study population consisted of 62 consecutive patients (46 women; mean age 44 ± 12 years) undergoing electrophysiological study and ablation for symptomatic, drug‐resistant AVNRT, and 42 age‐matched and sex‐matched control subjects. All patients and control subjects underwent ajmaline challenge test and tissue Doppler imaging.

Results

A DI‐Type 1 BrP was uncovered in 24 of 62 patients with AVNRT (38.7%). PA‐TDI interval was similar among AVNRT patients with and without DI‐Type 1 BrP (124 ± 12 ms vs 119 ± 14 ms, respectively, P = .32), but significantly longer in patients with AVNRT with as well as without DI‐Type 1 BrP than in control subjects (124 ± 12 ms and 119 ± 14 ms vs 105 ± 11 ms, respectively, P < .001).

Conclusion

The TACT assessed by PA‐TDI interval is longer in patients with AVNRT with and without DI‐Type 1 BrP than in age‐matched and sex‐matched healthy control subjects.
Discovery of wing imaginal discs in the penultimate instar of the lacewing Mallada desjardinsi (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) with histological notes on postembryonic imaginal disc development
Authors: Niitsu Shuhei , Hayashi Masayuki , Nemoto Taichi , Nomura Masashi , Kamito Takehiko
Published: February 2021

Holometabolous insects are alternatively named “Endopterygota” because, in the larvae of many taxa, the wing primordia in the lateral regions of the meso‐ and metathoracic segments form more or less invaginated structures called wing imaginal discs. Holometabolous insects exhibit differential developmental timing of the wing during ontogeny. The condition in which wing growth is deferred until the end of larval life has been considered ancestral, whereas early disc formation has been recognized as the derived condition. Even though wing disc development in holometabolous insects has been studied extensively in select groups, many questions remain about the development of the wing imaginal disc in the orders Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, and Mecoptera. To clarify whether the wing imaginal disc of Neuroptera is typical of the derived condition, we examined the ontogeny of the wing imaginal discs in the lacewing Mallada desjardinsi histologically. Using both light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, we were able to recognize wing imaginal discs in the penultimate larval instar (prefinal larval instar) of this species. To date, neuropteran insects have been characterized as having late‐forming wing imaginal discs. However, our findings show that the developmental pattern of the wing imaginal discs within the Neuroptera represents a more derived pattern of development in the Holometabola than was assumed previously.
Pre‐operative templating for total hip arthroplasty: How does radiographic technique and calibration marker placement affect image magnification?
Authors: Holliday Mia , Steward Adam
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Pre‐operative templating using digital radiography is an effective method of planning for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and requires a generalised fixed magnification factor (MF) or external calibration markers (ECM). The effect on image magnification when changing source‐to‐image distance (SID), object‐to‐image distance (OID) and different imaging conditions is not well described. This study aims to quantify the range of effects manipulation of radiographic parameters can have on image magnification across different body habitus and imaging conditions.

Methods

A simple phantom study was performed. A 25 mm ECM was placed at eight different OID values along the anterior–posterior phantom plane at three different SID values and imaging conditions, and X‐rays were obtained. On each radiograph, the ECM was measured using a line calliper tool by three radiographers and recorded. The MF was calculated and recorded.

Results

The smallest observed image MF was 1.16, for an 8 cm OID, 120 cm SID with the ECM placed within the central ray and the X‐ray detector in bucky underneath the X‐ray table. The largest image MF was 1.40 for a 15 cm OID, 100 cm SID with the X‐ray detector placed underneath an emergency department imaging trolley.

Conclusions

Digital pre‐operative templating for THA relies on accurate radiographic positioning and is dependent of the patient body habitus, radiographic parameters and imaging conditions selected by the radiographer. The use of appropriately positioned ECMs – placed medially between the patient’s internally rotated legs at the level of the greater trochanter, lowers the potential for magnification inaccuracies.
Australian radiographers' and radiation therapists' experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Shanahan Madeleine C , Akudjedu Theophilus N
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Radiographers and radiation therapists are key patient‐facing health practitioners supporting the delivery of optimal patient care during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of COVID‐19 on clinical service delivery and well‐being of these healthcare professionals in Australia.

Methods

A cross‐sectional online survey of Australian radiographers and radiation therapists was conducted in June–July 2020. The survey collected data on demographic characteristics, and the impact of COVID‐19 on professional practice, infection control and workplace‐related stress.

Results

A total of 218 responses were received. Changes in work hours (P < 0.001) and workload (P = 0.022) were experienced due to COVID‐19. Diagnostic radiographers reported increased procedural pressure on mobile radiography, computed tomography and general radiography. For radiation therapists, most pressure included areas of simulation and linear accelerator. PPE was in short supply at the start of the pandemic, and at the time of the study, shortages were identified for all PPE items. There was no difference in PPE supply reported by diagnostic radiographers and radiation therapists except for hand sanitiser (P = 0.003). Respondents experienced increased personal stress (61.4%) and anxiety (58.2%) at work due to COVID‐19. In addition, their work caused increased stress to their family, partners or friends (57.4%).

Conclusions

COVID‐19 has resulted in changes to clinical working patterns and service delivery. PPE shortages, as well as increased workplace‐related stress, were identified. Workplaces should seek to mitigate the pandemic impact through the provision of adequate PPE for safe practice as well as implement strategies to support and enhance staff well‐being.
Risk factors for mortality in COVID‐19 patients in a community teaching hospital
Authors: Andrade Justin A. , Muzykovsky Karina , Truong James
Published: February 2021

As of December 2020, there were over 450,000 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases in New York City (NYC) with approximately 25,000 deaths. Previous literature identified advanced age, higher severity of illness, elevated inflammatory biomarkers, acute organ dysfunction, comorbidities, and presentation from long‐term care facility as risk factors for mortality in patients from Wuhan, China, and the United States. Additional studies conducted in NYC are warranted to confirm these findings. The objective of this study was to assess the risk factors for in‐hospital mortality in patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infections. This was a retrospective case‐control study at The Brooklyn Hospital Center, a 464‐bed community teaching hospital. Adult patients with a confirmed COVID‐19 infection and who received at least 24 h of COVID‐19 therapy were included. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors for in‐hospital mortality. Two‐hundred and eighty four patients were included, of whom 95 (33.5%) were nonsurvivors and 189 (66.5%) patients were survivors. Multivariate analysis showed higher in‐hospital mortality with advanced age (odds ratio [OR] 6.476; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.827–22.953), presentation from long‐term care facility (OR 4.259; 95% CI 1.481–12.250), elevated total bilirubin (OR 4.947; 95% CI 1.048–23.350), vasopressor initiation (OR 36.262; 95% CI 5.319–247.216), and development of renal failure (OR 36.261; 95% CI 2.667–493.046). Risk factors associated with mortality for patients with COVID‐19 in a community teaching hospital included advanced age, vasopressor initiation, development of renal failure, elevated total bilirubin, and presentation from long‐term care facility.