bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Pre-Fried Time and Temperature on the Quality of Microwave Beef Kebabs
Authors: Liu Shi Xin , Xia Xiu Fang , Kong Bao Hua , Fu Yu
Published: July 2012

The influence of pre-fried time and temperature on the cooking yield, shear force, color and sensory quality of microwave beef kebabs were evaluated. The beef kebabs were fried for 20 s, 40 s, 60 s and 80 s at 170 ± 2 °C, 180 ± 2 °C or 190 ± 2 °C in the fryer. The results revealed that beef kebabs fried at 190 ± 2 °C for 60 s had significantly higher cooking yield, shear force, redness (a*), yellowness (b*), flavor, color and overall acceptability than the samples fried at 170 ± 2 °C and 180 ± 2 °C for 60 s. Lightness (L*), juiciness and tenderness of beef kebabs fried at 190 ± 2 °C for 60 s were lower than samples fried at 170 ± 2 °C and 180 ± 2 °C for 60 s. In addition, the cooking yield values fried at 190 ± 2 °C for different times was increased by 4.58%, 3.49%, 2.37% and 1.12% over that fried at 170 ± 2 °C. Beef kebabs fried at 190 ± 2 °C for 60 s promoted the color and cooking yield remarkably and had a beneficial effect on sensory characteristics during frying. The optimum frying parameters of kebabs were at 190 ± 2 °C of oil temperature for 60 s of frying time.
Effect of Drying Methods on the Antioxidant Activity of Peanut Flour Fermented with Lactobacillus casei LC35
Authors: Wang Nai Fu , Qian Wei , Zhou Yi Bin
Published: July 2012

Peanut flour (PF) was fermented with Lactobacillus casei LC35 and then dried using different drying methods in the present study. The effect of drying methods on the antioxidant activities (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] radical-scavenging activity, reducing power and Fe2+chelating activity) and flavonoids in fermented-PF (FPF) was investigated. Regardless of the drying methods, the dried FPF showed higher antioxidant activities than PF. Drying methods also showed significant effects on the antioxidant activities of FPF. The freeze-dried FPF had the strongest antioxidant activities compared to the vacuum and hot air-dried FPF. A good linear correlation was found between the EC50value of DPPH scavenging activity (R2 = 0.8972, P < 0.05) or reducing power (R2 = 0.9047, P < 0.05) and the concentration of quercetin in PF and dried FPF. These results indicate the dried FPF, especially for the freeze-dried FPF, might be good functional foods with high antioxidant activity.
Effect of Production Process on Benzo (a) Pyrene Content in Camellia Oil
Authors: Wu Su Xi , Zhang Zhi Min , Liu Rui Xing , Huang Shan Shan
Published: July 2012

In order to evaluate the effect of different production processes on benzo (a) pyrene content in camellia oil, a comparison in the amounts of benzo (a) pyrene had been made among the crude oils prepared by hot pressing, cold pressing, solvent extraction and aqueous enzymatic extraction. In conclusion, the benzo (a) pyrene content in aqueous enzymatic extracted camellia oil and cold pressing oil can meet the safety need without refining. The major cause of forming excessive benzo (a) pyrene in traditional solvent extracted oil is due to high temperature, rather than solvent. Neutralizing could lead to obvious increase in benzo (a) pyrene content in oil, and deodorizing lead to slight increase. But the processes of bleaching and winterization could reduce Benzo (a) pyrene content in the oil to a safety range.
Anti-Proliferative Activity of Glycoprotein PLG-3 from the Submerged Mycelia of Phellinus linteus AML1101 In Vitro
Authors: Cui Feng Jie , Zan Xin Yi , Wang Hong Yuan , Sun Wen Jing , Huang Da Ming , Zhang Zhi Cai
Published: July 2012

A novel glycoprotein PLG-3 was obtained from the cultured mycelia of the edible mushroom Phellinus linteus AML1101 by isolating with cold water for 24 h and fractioned with DEAE-Sephrose Fast Flow column. It exhibited potent antiproliferative activity on A549 cells and HepG2 cells in vitro. After 24, 48, 72- h treatment with PLG-3, IC50 values of A549 cells and HepG2 cells were 45.77, 24.09, 16.54 μg/L and 47.78, 26.73, 18. μg/L, respectively. PLG-3 had a molecular weight of 2.5×104 Da, and consisted of approximately 85.5% of protein and 13.7% polysacchrides. It was composed of arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose with a molar ratio of 1.46: 2.22: 7.74: 1.29:0.61.The obtained results proven that PLG-3 was a protein-dominant glycoprotein with singificant antiproliferative activity.
Effects of Transgluninase and GDL on Gel Properties of Chicken Myofibrillar Proteins
Authors: Zhang Kun Sheng , Ren Yun Xia , Liu Na , Tao Yong Qing
Published: July 2012

Myofibrillar protein gel properties were studied. Based on which Box-Benhnken center-united experiment was designed for optimization of ratio scheme for gelation strength. The optimum conditions for best gel strength were found to the transgluninase 0.37% of myofibrillar proteins, GDL 1.19%, in 0.88mol/L NaCl concentration at pH 5.96 to form 40mg/ml protein concentration solution. The gel strength was 316.953g. The study showed that transgluninase and GDL could interact significantly in improving gel strength (P <0.01).
Synthesis and Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane Emulsions Using in Printing Ink
Authors: Liang Fei , Zhou Jun Feng
Published: July 2012

Taking polyether dihydroxy alcohol, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and dimethylolpr- opionic acid (DMPA) as raw materials, aromatic polyether waterborne polyurethane emulsion was synthesized. And then the effects of isocyanate/macroglycol molar ratio(R value), amount of DMPA, neutral degree and temperature on the properties of emulsion such as appearance, viscosity, water absorption and stability were studied. The experimental results showed that when R value is 2~2.5, amount of DMPA used is 5.0%, reaction temperature is 80°C and neutral temperature is 40°C, the waterborne polyurethane emulsion synthesized meet the requirement of printing ink.
Influences of Ozone and Preservative on Chestnut during Ice Temperature Combined with Modified Atmosphere Storage
Authors: Li Ling , Zhan Jun , Liang Li Ya , Yan Shi Jie
Published: July 2012

The influences of ozone and preservative on chestnuts during ice temperature combined with modified atmosphere storage were investigated. Respiration rate, starch content, moisture content and peroxidase (POD) activity were used to evaluate the quality of chestnuts. The results showed that ozone and preservative treatment decreased respiration rate, and inhibited moisture evaporation and starch consumption. The respiration rate and peroxidase activity of chestnuts with ozone treatment were significantly lower than that of preservative treatment. It is indicated that ozone treatment is superior to preservative treatment for keeping storage effects and nutrients of chestnuts in some extent.
Effect of Microwave Treatment on Catalysis of Papain
Authors: Yu Xu Cong , Li Lin , Fu Quan Yi , Li Bing
Published: July 2012

In this article, investigation on the effect of microwave treatment on the catalysis of papain had been carried out. According to the results, the thermal effect was found to be the main factor to cause inactivation of enzyme. The kinetic parameters and the fluorescence spectroscopy implied that the microwave processing had changed the conformation of the enzyme molecules and thus affected its activity. The results also showed that the microwave treatment had not changed the optimum pH value of the enzyme catalysis, and the inactivation rate of the enzyme was inversely proportional to the concentration of the enzyme. In addition, a certain concentration of the disodium EDTA media had been found to effectively protect the enzyme activity in microwave processing.
Effect of Different Kinds of Cornstarch on Quality Characteristics of Microwave-Reheating Popcorn Chicken
Authors: Yu Cai Feng , Liu Qian , Kong Bao Hua , Zhang Hong Wei , Yang He Hong , Zhao Ju Yang , Liu Shi Xin , Yu Yan Hong
Published: July 2012

Chicken breast which used in present study were coated with dipping solution contained ordinary cornstarch, waxy cornstarch, and modified cornstarch in order to improve the crispness of crust during microwave-reheating process. A physical characteristics assessment (such as water and oil content, color and texture analysis) and sensory evaluation of microwave-reheating popcorn chicken which manufacture with different kinds of cornstarch were determined. The results showed that samples which made with modified cornstarch had the best improvement on crispness (P < 0.05), although ordinary cornstarch and waxy cornstarch batters exhibited crispy crust texture. Moreover, the lowest water molecule migration during microwave-reheating was found in samples with modified cornstarch-added dipping solution, which was consistent with the highest sensory overall acceptability scores (P < 0.05). It revealed that compared with ordinary cornstarch and waxy cornstarch, modified cornstarch had the best effect on the quality characteristics of microwave-reheating popcorn chicken.
Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Multi-Generations Hyperbranched Polyurethane Based on Isophorone Diisocyanate
Authors: Yin Shun , Sun Ning , Feng Chun Yun , Wu Zhi Mou , Xu Zhao Hua , Jiang Shao Hua
Published: July 2012

A series of different generation hyperbranched polyurethane(HBPU) was synthesized based on the raw materials of isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI) and diethanolamine(DEOA). Their structure, thermal degradation mechanism and glass transition temperature(Tg) were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR), thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The results showed that: the yield of each generation HBPU was up to 90%, different generation HBPU had almost the same initial degradation temperature(about at 200°C) and they all had two decomposition platforms; with the increase of generation, Tg increased from 107.2°C to 132.1°C. The gloss and hardness of the HBPU coatings were significantly improved.
Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite, Sodium Sorbate and Calcium Propionate Solutions on the Chestnut
Authors: Tan Zheng Lin , Wu Mou Cheng , Li Jie , Wang Qing Zhang
Published: July 2012

The quadratic orthogonal rotation design with 3 factors was used to study the effect of sodium hypochlorite, sodium sorbate and calcium propionate solutions on the chestnut, and to establish the function model with 3 factors. The analysis on this model showed that the order of the effect of 3 factors was as follows: Calcium propionate > Sodium sorbate >Sodium hypochlorite; In this test, for getting over 55% good-fruit rate, respectively, the optimum sodium hypochlorite concentration was 11.4％－19.5％, sodium sorbate concentration was 2.67％－39.9％, calcium propionate concentration was 1.09％－2.71％.
Using pH-Shifting Process to Recover Proteins for Low Salt Gel Products from Silver Carp
Authors: Fu Xiang Jin , Wu Yue , Li Zhong Hai
Published: July 2012

The pH-shifting processes (include acid and alkali process) and conventional water-wash process was applied to recover protein from bony silver carp muscle. And the new process was evaluated to obtain proteins for low salt (0% and 1% NaCl, w/w) fish products. The alkali isolated protein (AK) exhibited the best solubility at all salt concentrations. Furthermore, the AK had the highest gel strength and water binding capacity at low salt concentrations (0% and 1%). Low salt products of AK containing 1% salt showed similar mechanical properties to the water wash surimi (WM) obtained with 2% salt. The results obtained showed that the alkali process is a good method to recover functional proteins from boney silver carp muscle for low salt fish products.
Effects of Antioxidants on the Anti-Oxidative Protection of Tengjiao(Zanthoxylum schinifolium) Oil
Authors: Li Dong , Zuo Yong , Liu Chun Li , Yuan Xian Ling , Ju Shuai , Xie Hui , Li Yang , Liu Li Ping , Qi Feng
Published: July 2012

The effects of different antioxidants on anti-oxidative protection of the Tengjiao (Zanthoxylum schinifolium) oil during its conservation were studied by Schaal-oven test according to the peroxide value(PV) and acid value(AV) of the oil. The results indicate that TBHQ and TBHQ+AP compound antioxidant, have good anti-oxidative protection on Tengjiao oil, the antioxidant activity of BHA+AP was the lowest, and citric acid exhibited great anti-oxidative protection and synergistic antioxidant effect.A positive interaction was found between TBHQ and AP; whereas a negative interaction was observed between AP and BHA.The positive interaction of TBHQ and AP was higher than TBHQ and BHA. TBHQ(0.02%) and TBHQ(0.01%)+AP(0.01%) have the same antioxidant activity on the Tengjiao oil.
Enzymatic Preparation of Carp Roes’ Hydrolysate with Ca-Binding Capacity
Authors: Li Yu Huan , Huang Hai
Published: July 2012

The enzymolysis to defatted carps with trypsin protease can obtain enzymatic hydrolysate with Calcium chelation activity. The best hydrolysis condition is as follows: 45 °C, 3000(U/g substrate), 1:40（w/V）, and pH8.0. Moderate dephosphorization treatment on roes( rate:20% to 50%) can significantly improve the degree of hydrolysis and the Ca-binding capacity of enzymatic hydrolysate, up 31.05% and 6.8 (mg Ca/g protein) respectively.
Influence of the Quality of Soy Sauce after Replacing the Salt with the Secondary Pickled Vegetable Bittern in its Fermentation
Authors: Mao Chun Qi , He Guo Qing
Published: July 2012

The bittern soy sauce was investigated. Two kinds of the vegetable bittern –the mustard tuber and potherb mustard were added in the fermentation respectively. After the fermentation, physical, chemical and sensory quality attributes were monitored. As a result, the physicochemical property was not influenced significantly by the vegetable bittern and the free amino acids were higher. The soy sauce was proved to be consistent with the standard.
Comparison of Yield, Antioxidant Activity and Functional Properties of Protein Hydrolysates from Tuna and Pollock Frame
Authors: Zhang Li Jun , Zhao Qian Cheng , Wang Bing Bing , Wan Xue , Li Zhi Bo , Li Jian Wei
Published: July 2012

Protein hydrolysates from Tuna frame (TFPH) and Pollock frame (PFPH) were prepared by papain, respectively.The yield, the basic composition content, the antioxidant activity and functional properties (solubility, emulsifying and foaming ability) and the degree of hydrolysis of the protein hydrolysates were evaluated. Results suggest that solubility, antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysate from Pollock frame are better than that of tuna frame, but the yield is lower than that of tuna frame.
The Primary Study on Polyester/ Polypropylene Sound-Absorption Nonwoven Fabric
Authors: Huang Chen Hung , Li Ting Ting , Chuang Yu Chun , Lou Ching Wen , Chen Jin Mao , Lin Jia Horng
Published: July 2012

As social civilization advances, more and more people reside in the city. Consequently, the number of automobiles and locomotives increases, causing greenhouse effect and noise pollution increasingly serious. Therefore, lowering the temperature and reducing the noise in living conditions has become an urgent task, in order to save resources usage amount and to produce a low-noise dwelling environment. In this study, the sound-absorption and heat-insulation nonwoven fabrics were firstly prepared by three-dimensional crimp hollow polyester fiber (PET) fibers and Polypropylene (PP) fibers based on nonwoven processing technology, following by sound-absorption coefficient test, thermal conductivity test, as well as maximum tensile strength and maximum tearing strength tests. The results show that, 70/30 wt% PET/ PP nonwoven fabrics have the maximum tensile strength of 2.47 MPa (CD) and 1.67 MPa (MD), in addition with the maximum tearing strength of 83.96 kN/m (CD), 111.88 kN/m (MD); the 90/10 wt% PET/ PP nonwoven presents the lowest thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.0365 W/K‧m; nonwoven with three different ratios show the similar sound-absorbing curves, which all reaches the highest absorption coefficient of 0.76 at 4000 Hz.
Optimization of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Tilapia Frames
Authors: Xiong He Jian , Cao Longfei , You Huajun , Yan Qingpi , Ma Ying
Published: July 2012

Tilapia frames were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using Flavouzryme and Papain with a ratio of 2:1. The relationship of temperature (40 to 60°C), enzyme: substrate ratio (0.5% to 4.5%), initial pH (6.0 to 8.0) and hydrolysis time (1h to 9h) to the degree of hydrolysis were determined. The enzymatic hydrolysis was optimized for maximum degree of hydrolysis using surface response methodology. The optimum conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis of tilapia frames were temperature 53°C, enzyme : substrate ratio of 3.5%, initial pH 7.2, and reaction time 7h. Under these conditions a degree of hydrolysis of 40.01% were obtained. The yield of free amino acids in the hydrolysate was 46.61mg/g tilapia frames. The flavor amino acids and essential amino acids occupied up to 31.8% and 49.0% of the total free amino acids respectively. The hydrolysate of waste tilapia frames showed good potential for applications such as protein supplementation in food system.
Characterization and Selection of LAB Isolated from Inner Mongolia Traditional Meat Sausages
Authors: Duan Yan , Guo Wen Rui , Su Lin , Guo Yue Ying , Jin Ye
Published: July 2012

A total of 69 gram-positive, catalase-negative strains isolated from Inner Mongolia traditional meat sausages were characterized in respect to their technological properties, including acid production, salt and nitrite tolerance, gas, slime and H2S production, hydrolysis of arginine and biogenic amine production. All of the isolated strains decrease the pH below 5.0 after 24h of cultivation. All isolates are able to grow with 6.5% NaCl or with 150mg L-1NaNO2and 51 isolates are able to grow with 10% NaCl. All isolates don’t produce gas and slime. 54 isolates don’t produce H2S. 23 isolated strains don’t produce NH3 from arginine, and 40 isolates don’t produce biogenic amine. Consolidation of these results, 8 strains show the best technological properties to be used as starter culture for sausage production. The bacterial selected are then subjected to biochemical tests using the API 50 CH and they are identified as 6 Lactobacillus planarum and 2 Lactobacillus curvatus.
Isolation and Characterization of Phosvitin from Chicken Egg Yolk
Authors: Liu Jian Guo , Zhang Xue Fang , Liu Jing
Published: July 2012

In the present work, a new dialysis process was proposed to isolate phosvitin from chicken egg yolk, which consists of NaCl precipitation, heat treatment and dialysis. The effects of several key operating parameters on the purity of phosvitin were examined. Under optimized conditions, the phosvitin purity obtained was about 86.3%, with a yield of 87.2%. The resulting phosvitin product had β-sheet of 78.5% at pH 2.0, consistent with the literature value. This shows that the purified phosvitin folded with a reasonable secondary structure.
Effect of Different Starching Recipes on Quality of Fried Shredded Meat in Chinese Cuisine
Authors: Zhao Ju Yang , Li Pei Jun , Kong Bao Hua , Yang He Hong , Liu Shi Xin , Yu Cai Feng , Zhang Hong Tao , Chang Zhao , Liu Ming
Published: July 2012

Starching is a common technique that used to improve the quality of shredded meat dishes in Chinese cuisine. However, there is little information available for the use of starching shredded meat as a kind of commercial products. In our study, effect of different levels of the main components for meat starching, water, starch, and salt on the quality of fried shredded meat was investigated, using cooking yield, moisture content, textural and sensory properties as the evaluation parameters. Results showed that the optimal recipe for shredded meat starching was a mixed ingredients of 6% starch, 10% water and 1.5% salt. It could help to provide theoretical basis for developing convenience shredded meat products with high and uniform quality in Chinese cuisine.Starching is a common technique that used to
Comparison of Nutritional Value and Functionalities of Palm Oil Fractionates with Lards
Authors: Wu Su Xi , Liu Rui Xin , Ji Min
Published: July 2012

The cholesterol and α-VE content, active oxygen method value, solid fat content of three kinds of palm oil fractionates and five kinds of lard products were investigated. The results obtained were as follows. Firstly, palm oil has lower cholesterol content but higher α-VE content and higher AOM value than lard. Secondly, refined palm oil, palm stearin and palm olein has almost the same plasticity as leaf lard, bone lard and skin lard, respectively. All the results have showed that palm oil is of substitutability for lard.
Fuji Apple Physicochemical Properties and their Effects on Explosive Puffing Products Quality
Authors: Lu Ya Ting , Luo Cang Xue , Shi Chao , Yi Jian Hua
Published: July 2012

Physicochemical properties of apple have important effects on explosive puffing products quality. Five Fuji apple samples at different picking time were selected. Physicochemical properties of fresh apple, including crude fiber, starch, pectin, total sugar and protein, were analyzed. Starch, pectin and total sugar content’s effects on puffing products crispness and puffing degree were investigated after anti-browning and explosive puffing were executed. When starch content gradually increased from 1.68mg/g(FW) to 25.42 mg/g(FW), puffing degree and crispness gradually decreased. When pectin content gradually increased from 4.82mg/g(FW) to 12.42 mg/g(FW), puffing degree and crispness gradually decreased too. But when total sugar content gradually increased from 108.2mg/g(FW) to 139.4mg/g(FW), puffing degree and crispness gradually increased.
Biotransformation from Isoeugenol to Vanillin by Immobilized Bacillus fusiformis CGMCC1347 Cells
Authors: Zhao Li Qing , Fang Jia Mao , Xiao Xiang Dong
Published: July 2012

A novel strain, Bacillus fusiformis CGMCC1347, was utilized successfully to transform isoeugenol to vanillin and the product inhibition could be well avoided by using immobilized cells in the isoeugenol/aqueous biphasic system. The Bacillus fusiformis CGMCC1347 cells were entrapped into sodium alginate under conditions of 2.5% sodium alginate, 10% cells and 0.1 mol l-1 CaCl2. The optimum pH for free cells and immobilized cells were 4.0 and 3.5, respectively, and the optimum reaction temperature for both free and immobilized cells was 37 °C. The pH stabilities of free cells and immobilized cells were good at all investigated pH levels. For thermal stability, free cells were stable at 50°C60°C and the immobilized cells were stable at 50°C 80°C. The half-life of the immobilized cells was more than 25 d, comparing with less than 14 d for the free cells at 4°C.
Application of Food Additives in Frozen Buckwheat Dumpling
Authors: Zou Jian , Zeng Jie , Gao Hai Yan
Published: July 2012

The quality of frozen Buckwheat dumpling may be affected by the raw materials, processing technology or other factors. Collapsed degree, frozen cracking rate and other sensory quality were the main problem during processing. The food additives were usually used to improve the quality of frozen dumpling. In this paper, the best formula of monoglycerides, xanthan gum, CMC, and the buckwheat flour were determined by the single factor experiments and orthogonal test. The results showed that the optimal formula was CMC 0.3%, xanthan gum 0.15%, monoglycerides 0.3% and buckwheat flour 30%. Under this best formula the collapsed degree, frozen cracking rate had been greatly reduced and the sensory quality improved.
Study on Oil-Water Emulsions Based on Soyabean Phospholipids and Phophatidylinositol as Emusifier with Electrical Conductance
Authors: Gao Shu Gang , Song Wei Ming , An Hong
Published: July 2012

The electrical conductance of oil-water emulsions based on Soyabean phospholipids (PL) and phosphatidylinositol(PI) as emulsifier was determined. Oil/water emulsions were prepared with oil(g):water(g) = 25:75, Tween 80 (0.15%wt), and NaCl (0.02%wt), the amount of PL and PI ranged from 0.1g/100g to 3.5g/100g. The effects of temperature and concentration of NaCl on the emulsion formation for this system were further investigated. As the concentration of Soyabean PL and PI increased from 0.1g/100g to 3.5g/100g, the electrical conductance of the system increased from 4.98 μs/cm to 53.7 μs/cm and 9.30 μs/cm to 96.0μs/cm, respectively. The results show that the stability of emulsion with Soyabean Phosphatidylinositol as emulsifier is higher than the emulsion with Soyabean Phospholipids as emulsifier, and formed O/W emulsion. Temperature and electrolyte (NaCL) has influence on the electrical conductance of the system, the electrical conductance of the emulsion increased with the increase of temperature and NaCl concentration. At the concentration of PI 2.0g/100g, the electrical conductance has a point of inflexion.
Composition and Nutritional Evaluation of the Cuttlefish Muscle
Authors: Chen Sheng Jun , Li Lai Hao , Yang Xian Qing , Qi Bo , Wu Yan Yan , Ma Hai Xia , Deng Jian Chao
Published: July 2012

The nutritional components in the cuttlefish muscle were analyzed and the nutritive quality was evaluated in the paper. The results showed that the contents of the cuttlefish muscle in crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate were 16.60%, 0.86%, 1.30%, respectively. There were 18 kinds amino acids and the total amino acids reached 17.44%, with an essential amino acid index(EAAI) of 67.95. The composition of the essential amino acids in muscle ratio was consistent with the FAO/WHO standards. In addition, the contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 41.13%, 12.15% and 46.72%, respectively. And the muscle contains a higher content of EPA and DHA, reached 11.0% and 24.49%, respectively. It was considered that the cuttlefish muscle has a high nutritive value and it can be the important material of the high quality protein and unsaturated fatty acid.
Evaluation of Sweet Sauce Characteristic Taste Based on Electronic Tongue Technology
Authors: Huang Ming Quan , Wang Lu , Sun Bao Guo , Tian Hong Yu
Published: July 2012

A commercial electronic tongue (ET) with specific sensors was applied on taste distinction and physicochemical characterization of seven kinds of sweet sauces. The response signals of ET sensors were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Factor Analysis (DFA). Meanwhile, these signals were transformed into the four relative taste scores (sourness, saltiness, umami and sweetness) by macro operation, followed by comparing with the corresponding four physiochemical indexes (total acids, sodium chloride, amino nitrogen and reducing sugars) which were determined by the methods in GB/T. The results show that ET can be used to distinguish different kinds of sweet sauces according to overall taste. Moreover, the intensity order of taste scores that obtained from ET is basically matched with the sequence of the corresponding physicochemical indexes, which proves that ET technique can be an effective approach to monitor and guarantee the quality of sweet sauce on line.
Density Functional Theory Study of Magnesium Surface
Authors: Huang Shan Qisong , Zeng Xiu Lin , Ju Xue Hai , Xu Si Yu
Published: July 2012

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on seven magnesium surfaces of Mg(100), Mg(010), Mg(001), Mg(110), Mg(101), Mg(011) and Mg(111). The electronic state density was analyzed. The stabilities of the seven surfaces were established. The results indicated that the surface energies are in the range of 0.4610 to 1.0940 J/m2, which correspond to the Mg(001) and Mg(101) surfaces respectively. These data agree well with the available experimental result. In addition, it was found that the lower surface energy corresponds to more evenly distributed density of state (DOS), more number of DOS peaks but less height of it.
BP Neural Network Predicting the Rate of Photo-Catalytic Degradation
Authors: Chu De Qing , Mao Bao Guang , Wang Li Min
Published: July 2012

The composite photo-catalyst (PW12-TiO2) was prepared by a sol-gel and hydrothermal technique. According to the experimental data of the four factors and four levels orthogonal experiment, the BPNN model was built to predict the rate of photo-catalytic degradation and the predictable process was achieved through the software of MATLAB 7.1, The results showed that the BPNN can be used to predicting the rate of photo-catalytic degradation.
Detection of High Energy Materials Using Support Vector Classification
Authors: Gu Tian Hong , Lv Wei , Shao Xia , Lu Wen Cong
Published: July 2012

Based on the element contents of N, O, H and C of objects detected by γ-ray resonance, support vector classification (SVC) method was used to construct the model for distinguishing high energy materials (HEMs) from ordinary ones. It was found that the accuracy of prediction was 95.9% based on the leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) test. The results indicated that the performance of SVC model is good enough to detect HEMs in the presence of ordinary materials for the purpose of security checking.
Involvement of Erythropoietin Expression in Acupuncture Preconditioning-Induced Ischemic Tolerance
Authors: Han Xue Mei , Wei Hong Tao , Liu Song Yan
Published: July 2012

Abstract Objective To investigate the expression of erythropoietin (EPO) after acupuncture preconditioning plus focal cerebral ischemia treatment. Methods Rat focal cerebral ischemia model and acupuncture preconditioning model were established. Animals were randomly assigned into different groups: control (focal cerebral ischemia) and acupuncture preconditioning plus focal cerebral ischemia, with 8 rats for each group. The expression of EPO after different treatments was determined by histological examination, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Results The mRNA and protein expressions of EPO could be detected in survival and necrotic neurons, glia as well as vascular endothelial cells. Focal cerebral ischemia promoted the expression of EPO. Significant enhanced EPO level was found in the ischemic peripheral zone after acupuncture preconditioning (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our results demonstrated that acupuncture preconditioning enhanced the expression of EPO in neurons, glia and vascular endothelial cells the ischemic peripheral zone, suggesting the involvement of EPO in acupuncture preconditioning-induced neuroprotection following focal cerebral ischemia. EPO may exert neuroprotective effects through promoting neurotrophic support and angiogenesis.
Comparison of the ITS Sequences of 5 Common Potentilla Species in Jilin Province of China
Authors: Zhang Shao Xuan , Liu Xin Rui , Wang Bo Chuan , Ling Yun Hui , Sun De Jun , Lin Guang Zhu
Published: July 2012

To find the differences in the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequences and provide scientific data for the authentication of Potentilla chinensis and its related species, we extracted the genome DNA from the leaves of 5 common Potetilla species in Jilin Province, amplified the ITS region using ITS universal primers of angiosperm, and sequenced the purified PCR products directly. Polymorphism of ITS sequences was found within P. chinensis and the sequence data suggested that our samples of this species might be related to hybridization. Other 4 species showed intraspecies-stability in ITS sequence. The ITS sequences of these 5 Potentilla species are significantly different. So ITS sequence analysis and other methods derived from it can be used in authentication of Potentilla.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of PI3K-p85α Gene from Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat (Capra hircus)
Authors: Liu Ming Tao , Xie Hong Yun , Zheng Xu , Wang Zhi Gang
Published: July 2012

PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, is a specific lipid kinase family. It is associated with cell proliferation and survival..Class-IA PI3K is heterodimers composed of catalytic subunit (p110) and regulatory subunit (p85). p85α is the most abundant regulatory subunit of PI3K family. PI3K-p85α partial cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR from Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat (Capra hircus) and sequenced. The molecular characterization of the PI3K-p85α gene was described. The amplified fragment is 1152bp in length, corresponding to a polypeptide of 384 amino acids residues with 45.4 kDa predicted molecular mass. The cDNA nucleotide sequence has 98% identity with regulatory subunit alpha (PIK3R1) of bovine and 93% identity with human. The goat PI3K-p85α patial cDNA is cloned.
Characterization and Suppressive Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharide in Glomerulonephritis Rats
Authors: Li Shi Gang , Zhang Yong Qi
Published: July 2012

A water-soluble polysaccharide named as APS was isolated from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus by hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography and tested for its renal protective effect. Its structural characteristics were investigated by FTIR, AMLC, NMR spectroscopy, GLC–MS, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation and Smith degradation. Based on the data obtained, APS was found to be a α - (1-4)-D -glucan, with a single α- D-glucose at the C-6 position every nine residue, on average, along the main chain. The glucan has a weight-average molecular weight of about 3.6×104 Da. 24h Urine protein quantification and morphological observation, NF-κB protein expression and IL-2, IL-6 and TNF- α concentrations were significantly decreased by APS treatment, clearly suggesting that APS is effective in protecting against glomerulonephritis induced by C-BSA through the inhibition of NF- κB mediated-cytokine pathway.
The Immobilization of VEGF-Fc for Promoting Endothelial Cells Proliferation in Porous PCL Scaffolds
Authors: Zhu Chuan Shun , Xu Jian Bin , Yu Mei Hua , Zhao Wei , Zhang Yan , Yao Fang Lian , Yang Jun
Published: July 2012

In this paper, a novel simple method for VEGF immobilization was developed using a new genetically engineered vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) fused to IgG-Fc (abbreviated as VEGF-Fc). The fusion protein of VEGF-Fc was biosynthesized by eukaryocyte expression system with the cloning plasmid encoding VEGF165 and Fc domain. Owe to the hydrophobic-bind property of the Fc domain, the VEGF-Fc is efficiently immobilized on the surface of porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold in our study. The quantitative assay of VEGF-Fc immobilization by ELISA showes that the VEGF-Fc can uniformly distributed throughout the PCL scaffold and the immobilization rate is above 96% that is much higher than that of commercial VEGF. Furthermore, the proliferation of HUVECs was improved two times in the VEGF-Fc immobilized PCL scaffold comparing with that in commercial VEGF in cell culture medium, which detected by the cellular glucose consumption assays.
The Establishing and Applied Research of Animal Models of Mammary Precancerous Lesions
Authors: Li De Hui , Zhang Gui Juan , Ma Yi , Liao Rui , Tan Bi Zhu , Zhang Su Yi , Liu Yu Bin , Ma Min , Zeng Xiao Ting , Peng Zhuo Long , Huang Si
Published: July 2012

Currently, the methods of establishing mammary precancer animal model is various, including hormones-induced precancerous lesions model, chemical carcinogen precancerous lesions model, precancerous lesions model induced by hormones combined with chemical carcinogen, MCF10AT cell lines transplantation model, transgenic model and disease and syndrome animal model. This paper aims to explore the establishing and applied research of animal models of mammary precancerous lesions. Showing it would play a critical role in studying the cause and pathogenesis of mammary precancerous lesions, effective prevention and improving treatment effect by a proper mammary precancerous lesion animal model.
Plasmid Construction of TMEM16A-pcDNA3.1 and its Application to Transient and Stable Transfection of FRT Cells
Authors: Hao Feng , Yuan Zhong Hai , Wang Zhi Xin , Xu Hui Jing , Fang Fang , Guan Xin Gang , Yong Jiang , Yan Li
Published: July 2012

Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) play pivotal roles in many physiological Activities, including transepithelial fluid secretion, smooth muscle contraction and sensory transduction. TMEM16A is a bona fide calcium-activated chloride channel，which was discovered by three independent labs in 2008 after Calcium-activated chloride channel current was recorded about thirty years ago. In this study, DNA fragments encoding mouse TMEM16A with green fluorescence protein (GFP) fusion protein were subcloned into pcDNA3.1/Zeo. Transient transfection condition was optimized and Fischer Thyroid epithelial cells (FRT) expressing TMEM16A were got by stable transfection. The classical calcium-activated chloride channels current was recorded in FRT cells stably expressing TMEM16A by whole cell patch clamp technique. These results were beneficial for the delving into the effects of other bivalent cations on TMEM16A-CaCCs and the role of TMEM16A-CaCCs in cell proliferation and migration.
Comparison of Urinary Crystallites from Patients with Renal Calculi with that from Healthy Subjects
Authors: Xia Zhi Yue , Ding Yi Ming , Ouyang Jian Ming
Published: July 2012

The differences between the urinary crystallites from patients with renal calculi and healthy subjects were compared using SEM, XRD, and nano-particle size analyzer, etc. These differences concern morphology, aggregation state, number, particle size, crystal phase and Zeta potential, etc. About 90% of the crystallites had the particle sizes less than 20 μm, the Zeta potential was -(113) mV, and the composition included a large proportion of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals. By comparison, the urinary crystallites from patients with renal calculi had sharp edges and corners and exhibited significant aggregation. There were more crystallites with the size greater than 20 μm in comparison with those in healthy subjects, their Zeta potential was -(73) mV, and calcium oxalate existed mainly in the form of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals. The above differences increased the aggregation trend of the crystallites in lithogenic urine and caused the probability of renal calculi formation to increase.
Functional Role of HIF-1α in Hypoxic Preconditioning-Induced Neuroprotection against Focal Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Han Xue Mei , Wei Hong Tao , Liu Song Yan
Published: July 2012

Objective To investigate the expression of HIF-1α after permenent focal cerebral ischemia and to explore the role of HIF-1α in hypoxic preconditioning-induced neuroprotection. Methods Rat focal cerebral ischemia model and hypoxic preconditioning models were established. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: healthy control, hypoxic preconditioning (3 h of 8% O2/92% N2 treatment), focal cerebral ischemia (6 h, 1 d, 3 d or 7 d) and hypoxic preconditioning + focal cerebral ischemia (6 h, 1 d, 3 d or 7 d). The expression of HIF-1α after different treatments was determined by histological examination, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Results The mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α could be detected in survival and necrotic neurons, glia as well as vascular endothelial cells. Hypoxic preconditioning significantly promoted the expression of HIF-1α after focal cerebral ischemia, especially in ischemic peripheral zone (P < 0.05).
Effect of Fibrinolytic Compound GDG on Crystal Structure of Lysozyme
Authors: Wang Yong Xian , Wu Wen Hui , Bao Bin , Song Rui Rui , Sun Li Chun
Published: July 2012

Lysozyme was extensively studied as a model of protein crystallization, we identified that 15 mg/ml lysozyme, 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer containing 5% (w/v) sodium chloride and 0.02% (w/v) sodium azide, pH 5.2, crystal nucleus were less and crystals could reach a certain size. Basic on GDG effected conformation of enzyme which enhancing the reciprocal activation of plasminogen and prourokinase via the elevation of intrinsic activity of prourokinase, we obtained the crystal of lysozyme added α-D-glucopyranoslydiacylglycerol (GDG), GDG: HEWL (c/c) = 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, performed the synchrotron radiation diffraction and collected the three dimensional structure data. It is showing that increased in number of crystal amount and decreased in volume of crystal size in crystallization of lysozyme accompanied by the concentration of GDG. It is not displayed effect on the main chain and most side chains of lysozyme in the presence of GDG in the electron density map.
Simultaneous Determination of Sulfadiazine and Sulfamethoxazole in Synthetic Samples and Pharmaceutical Tablets Using HPLC-DAD Combined with Second-Order Calibration Method
Authors: Sun Jian Qi , Sun De Si , Chen Hao
Published: July 2012

The overlapped chromatograms and spectra of sulfadiazine (SD) and sulfamethoxazole (SM) in both synthetic samples and pharmaceutical tablets even in the presence of uncalibrated and interfering sulfanilamide (SN) were resolved by HPLC-DAD combined with a novel second-order calibration method. Their elution time was set from1.077 min to 1.624 min and the detection wavelength was chosen from 230 nm to 316 nm. The recoveries of SD and SM were (99.3 ± 1.3)% and (99.2 ± 3.1)%, respectively. The satisfying results show this method can be easily performed and applied to solving second-order calibration problems quickly and accurately.
Promoting the Expansion of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell In Vitro by E-Cadherin-Fc as a New Smart Biological Materials
Authors: Jiang Nan , Xu Jian Bin , Yang Jun
Published: July 2012

There are many research shows that the umbilical cord was a “store house” of stem cells. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell(HUMSC) was considered to be an idea seed cell for cell therapy and cell models construction used in drug development. But the regulation of HUMSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro is facing challenges. This research aimed to construct a biomimic microenvironment using bioactive materials including the fusion protein of E-cadherin-Fc and promote HUMSC proliferation. The adhersion and proliferation of HUMSC measured by MTT assay, were obviously enhanced on E-cadherin-Fc coated surfaces, comparing with these on the gelatin coated surfaces and conventional conditions. Meanwhile, the expression of CD105 assayed by flow cytometry, showing that the pluripotency of HUMSC cultured on the E-cadherin-Fc coated surfaces were higher than that in the tissue treated plate. From the above, the establishment of E-cadherin-Fc microenvionment is beneficial for HUMSC proliferation in vitro.
Problems and Countermeasures of Experimental Animals for Medicinal Use
Authors: Сhen Guo Sheng
Published: July 2012

The experimental animals for medicinal use are irreplaceable in the process of drug development and its efficacy test. However, there are also bio-safety issues. For that, we can take some measures to effectively avoid the spread of infectious diseases between human beings and livestock, the harm to the experimenters and environment: enhancing the guard consciousness, strengthening quarantine, regulating the procedure in the process of the experimental animals for medicinal use. In addition, because the lab workers use the animals with no full welfare safeguard, the scientific nature of the experimental data is often questioned. So it is more tend to be the truth, ensuring the welfare of experimental animals to the maximum limit. Also, it can create a good social environment for scientific and standardized using the experimental animals for a long term, through establishing the animal welfare legislation, etc.
Molecular Cloning, Association of Bovine α-Actinin1 Gene Variant with the Reproduction Traits
Authors: Huai Ya Hong , Xu Shang Zhong , Gao Xue
Published: July 2012

To study the relation between α-actinin1 gene and reproduction traits, 442 different varieties cattle were used as experimental populations. PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing was used to detect the SNP and genotype analysis in these populations. RT-PCR technique was used to isolate cDNA of bovine α-actinin1gene. The association analysis of this ApaⅠ locus polymorphism with reproduction traits were analyzed by using GLM procedure. The result showed that the mutation of G/A,using ApaⅠ endonuclease, was detected in 10th intron of at the α-actinin1 gene locus. The mutation caused ApaⅠpolymorphism in group, there were α-actinin1-G and α-actinin1-A genotypes.The statistical analysis of α-actinin1 163-SNP with reproduction traits showed that there was no associated with the number of calving.The sequence of cDNA of bovine α-actinin1 was 2 911bp. It contained an open reading frame of 2 679 bases (from 53bp to 2 731bp) which encoded an 892 amino acid.
Synthesis of New Phenoxypropylamines and Evaluation of their Antiulcer Activity as H2 -Receptor Antagonist
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wu Min Fan , Tian Yu , Tong Jian , Shang Li Hong
Published: July 2012

More new phenoxypropylamines have been synthesized. All the products have been characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, 1C-NMR and MS. The biological activity effects of the title compounds were examined. From the biological activity reSuperscript textsults, we found that some of them showed significant gastric acid antisecretory activity.
Synthesis of α-Alkyltetronic Acids
Authors: Ji Hong , Dai Tao , Yuan Mu , Zhu Liu , Huang Biyun
Published: July 2012

Tetronic acid, namely 4-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, was prepared from ethyl acetoacetate by bromination at γ position followed by hydrolysis and cyclization in aqueous NaOH solution. Using ethyl α-alkylacetoacetate afforded by alkylation of ethyl acetoacetate as starting material, four α-alkyltetronic acids were synthesized. Optimization of the reaction conditions led to total yield of more than 64%.
A Mini Review of Progress in Chemical Synthesis and Photochemistry of Hypocrollins
Authors: Shi Wen Yu , Lv Ping
Published: July 2012

Hypocrellins, natural photosensitizers including hypocrellin A (HA) and hypocrellin B (HB), have been used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine to cure various skin diseases. Hypocrellins have excellent antiviral activity, which can inhibit the growth of human immunodeficiency virus. They also exhibit significant light-induced antitumor property. In this article, the progress on of free radicals research and conformational research Hypocrollins is introduced.
Characterization of Polyester Type Hyperbranched Polyurethane
Authors: Ren Long Fang , Li Zhen , Wang Xue Chuan
Published: July 2012

Hyperbranched polyurethane (HPBU) was synthesized by the method of “arm first and core later”. The FT-IR and GPC were used to characterize the structure of HBPU. The results showed that the reaction happened as expected routine. Compared with common liner polyurethane, the Mn of HBPU increased 22% and Mw increased 37% at the same viscosity, which demonstrated that HBPU had advantage in low viscosity and easy flowing. The spectrum of X-ray shows the crystallinity of HBPU is higher than the PU, so the cell arranged of the HBPU is more regular.
The Chemical Analysis of S.kjellmanianum in Shandong Peninsula
Authors: Li Li , Ma Wei Wei , Zhou Ge Fei
Published: July 2012

Sargassum kjellmanianumianum was collected in Yangma Island of Yantai, Long Island and Qingdao, respectively. Chemical components analysis was conducted. The results show that proteins, carbohydrates and mineral elements are the main nutrition composition of the S.kjellmanianumianum in the three areas. Among them the crude protein content is in scope for 11.70% to 15.09%. The total sugar content is not high, occupying only 16.47% to 26.42% of the dry weight. The content of the mineral element of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe is very high. Fatty acids of C16 and C18 are predominant fatty acids, accounting for about half of the total fatty acids. Amino acid content ranges from 13.08% to 15.19%, and the content of the aspartic acid, glutamic acid, valine and alanine is rich, and each is higher than 1%. There are a variety of essential nutrients of human body in the Sargassum kjellmanianumianum, which are valuable to be researched and exploited.