bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of intraverbal bidirectional naming in the establishment of comparative relations
Authors: Luoma Shannon M. , Miguel Caio F. , LaFrance Danielle L. , Lee Vanessa N.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the current study was to extend the research on the possible role of verbal mediation in the establishment of comparative relations. We conducted four experiments in which 14 participants received conditional discrimination training with nonarbitrary and arbitrary stimuli, followed by derived comparative and transformation of function tests. Participants learned to select the smallest or biggest comparison across multiple exemplars in the presence of abstract samples. Next, participants learned to select arbitrary comparisons in the presence of contextual cues to establish a size ranking among comparisons. To assess verbal mediation during mutual and combinatorial entailment tests, participants were instructed to talk out loud. When they failed to perform correctly during derived relations tests, participants were trained to tact and intraverbally relate stimuli. The results suggest that relational training alone was not sufficient to establish comparative relations and that adult participants engaged in problem solving consistent with intraverbal bidirectional naming during emergent relations tests.
Temperature control technology for PCR
Authors: Zhang Tongxin , Cai Gaozhe , Zhang Zhuo , Li Qian , Cui Chuanjin
Published: September 2024

In order to solve the obvious nonlinear problem of temperature and complex structure of PCR instrument during nucleic acid amplification. In this paper, a new nucleic acid amplification device and temperature control algorithm were proposed. In the device, in order to improve the rise and fall rate and make the whole reaction device smaller and simpler, this paper uses a microfluidic chip for nucleic acid reaction. At the same time, in the warming and cooling module, the temperature is controlled by the semiconductor chilling plate, the air‐cooled cooling device and the heat sink structure, which greatly improves the speed of nucleic acid amplification. In the algorithm, a hybrid algorithm is designed, using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to optimize PID algorithm parameters, and then based on fuzzy theory, according to the temperature control requirements of nucleic acid amplification, fuzzy rules are analyzed and fuzzy reasoning is carried out, and then combined with PID to achieve rapid response and overshooting control of temperature control. Finally, the measurement noise is filtered by Kalman filter. Finally, COMSOL and MATLAB software are used to simulate and compare, and it is proved that the device has a certain heat dissipation effect in the process of nucleic acid amplification. This algorithm can improve the accuracy and robustness of the control system, improve the response speed, reduce the overshoot, shorten the adjustment time, and restrain the interference.
The incidence and risk factors of atrial high‐rate episodes in patients with a dual‐chamber pacemaker
Authors: Le Nguyen Son Khac , Kieu Dung Ngoc , Tran Phuong Le Uyen , Nguyen Chuong Khac Thien , Dang Toan Quang , Van Ly Chieu , Van Hoang Sy , Nguyen Thuc Tri
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives

Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices can detect atrial high‐rate episodes (AHREs). However, the predictors of clinically relevant AHREs have not been well identified.

Methods

This prospective study included 145 patients (median age 64.5 ± 16.4 years, 53.1% females) without atrial fibrillation (AF) from December 2020 to January 2022. AHREs were defined as a programmed atrial detection rate >190 beats per minute. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of AHREs.

Results

During 6 months of follow‐up, AHREs occurred in 30.3% of patients. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed factors related to development of AHREs including using anti‐arrhythmic drugs (AAD) before implantation (Hazard ratio (HR) 7.71; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.58–23.02, p < .001), history of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT; HR 2.45; [95% CI], 1.18–5.09, p = .016), the percentage of premature atrial contraction (PAC) on 24‐h Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring (HR 1.008; [95% CI], 1.003–1.014, p = .003), and left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS‐LV; HR 0.92;[95% CI], 0.84–0.99, p = .049).

Conclusions

This study showed that a history of PSVT and using AAD, the percentage of PAC on 24‐h Holter ECG monitoring, and GLS‐LV were the independent predictors of new‐onset AHREs.
Role of Deindividuation Between Perceived Crowding and Tourist Behaviors: Moderating Effect of Environmental Knowledge
Authors: Jo WooMi , Lin Yuxuan , Xue Pengsongze , Joppe Marion
Published: September 2024

Destination crowding has emerged as a serious issue for tourist sites and visitors alike. This research delves into the correlation between two‐dimensional perceived (spatial and human) crowding and two tourist behaviors (pro‐environmental and deviant behavior). Additionally, it explores the influence of deindividuation and environmental knowledge on these relationships. The study, based on 313 Chinese domestic tourists who recently visited the Great Wall, reveals that perceptions of spatial and human crowding significantly trigger deviant behavior. Conversely, pro‐environmental behavior is indirectly impeded by both forms of perceived crowding, with deindividuation acting as a mediating factor. The presence of environmental knowledge proves crucial in empowering tourists to make well‐informed behavioral decisions and mitigating the negative effects of deindividuation on their actions. This research contributes to the tourism literature by incorporating deindividuation to enhance the understanding of how perceived crowding affects tourist behaviors. It further advances the field by differentiating between pro‐environmental and deviant.
Analysis of Recent Sleep Surgery Fellowship Training
Authors: Kaffenberger Thomas M. , Huntley Colin , Boon Maurits , Soose Ryan J. , Whelan Rachel L. , Postol Andrew , Strollo Patrick J. , Atwood Charles W. , El Ali Mazen , Stone Blair , Rodin Julianna
Published: September 2024

Objective

Since 2011, otolaryngologists aiming to become certified in sleep medicine have had to complete an ACGME accredited sleep medicine fellowship. In addition to standard sleep medicine and sleep surgery fellowships, several institutions have developed hybrid ACGME sleep medicine programs that incorporate sleep surgery training. Our primary aims were to understand the balance between sleep medicine and surgical training requirements and the surgical volume of recent graduates across the three pathways. Our secondary aim was to assess their employment post‐graduation. An improved understanding of the current state of sleep surgeon training could better inform both applicants and programs and be used to guide fellowship curriculum development.

Methods

Between 2017 and 2023, we identified 26 surgeons who completed a sleep focused fellowship. An anonymous survey was developed and emailed to them. The survey assessed clinic and operating balance, procedures completed during fellowship, and comfort with these procedures as attendings. Finally, the survey assessed the job prospects of graduates. Data were analyzed with Prism 10.

Results

There were 19 respondents with 52.6% completing a hybrid fellowship, 21.3% completing a sleep medicine fellowship, and 31.6% completing a sleep surgery fellowship. Approximately 84.8% completed ACGME accredited otolaryngology training prior to fellowship. The three most common surgeries were hypoglossal nerve stimulators, pharyngoplasty, and nasal surgeries. Respondents on average received 2.4 job offers, 55% returned to their residency institution, and 89.5% were in academics.

Conclusion

Our survey demonstrates a wide variability in sleep‐focused fellowships for surgeons, but the employment market for these trainees is robust.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 135:952–957, 2025
Bacterial Cellulose as a UVB Filter to Protect the Skin Microbiota
Authors: Alarcón‐Guijo Pablo , Garcés Víctor , González Ana , Delgado‐López José M. , Ullah Ruh , Bansal Vipul , Dominguez‐Vera Jose M.
Published: September 2024

Certain aerobic bacteria produce bacterial cellulose (BC) to protect themselves from UV radiation. Inspired by this natural function, the UV‐filtering capacity of wet BC film (BC) and dried BC (BC‐Dried) is evaluated and it is concluded that both samples hardly filter UVA, but filter UVB to some extent, especially BC‐Dried. Moreover, this filtering capacity does not diminish but significantly increases with time, with efficiencies in the 145–160 min time range equal to or greater than most UV filters of the market. This increase in efficiency is due to the fact that the BC structure is modified by prolonged exposure to UVB radiation. Specifically, UVB causes sintering of the cellulose fibers, making the structure denser and increasing its reflection and scattering of UVB radiation. Remarkably, this UVB filtering ability of BC allows it to protect key skin probiotics, Lactobacillus fermentum (L. fermentum) and Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), against UVB damage. While the protection of healthy skin microbiota is not currently a regulatory requirement for sunscreens with UV filters, it may become a key differentiator for future UV filters given the increasing evidence on the role of skin microbiota in health.
Inverse problem of reconstructing source term for a class of non‐divergence parabolic equations
Authors: Tie Xu‐Wei , Deng Zui‐Cha
Published: September 2024

This paper explores an inverse problem pertaining to the determination of a source function in non‐divergence parabolic equations, where the solution is known at a discrete set of points. Being different from other ordinary inverse source problems, which are often dependent on only one variable, the unknown coefficient in this paper not only depends on the space variable
but also depends on the time
. On the basis of the optimal control framework, the existence of the optimal solution of the control function is proved. The necessary conditions to be satisfied by the optimal solution are given. The convergence of the optimal solution when the mesh parameters tend to zero is obtained. The conjugate gradient method is applied to the inverse problem and some numerical results are presented for various typical test examples.
Extended B‐spline‐based implicit material point method for saturated porous media
Authors: Yamaguchi Yuya , Moriguchi Shuji , Terada Kenjiro
Published: September 2024

The large deformation and fluidization process of a solid–fluid mixture includes significant changes to the temporal scale of the phenomena and the shape and properties of the mixed material. This paper presents an extended B‐spline (EBS)‐based implicit material point method (EBS‐MPM) for the coupled hydromechanical analysis of saturated porous media to enhance the overall versatility of MPM in addressing such diverse phenomena. The proposed method accurately represents phenomena such as high‐speed motion in both the quasi‐static and dynamic states by employing a full formulation of coupled hydromechanical modeling. The weak imposition of boundary conditions based on Nitsche's method allows representing the boundary conditions independent of the relative position of the particles and computational grid. In addition, it enables dynamic changes in the boundary domain based on the deformation. The robustness of this boundary representation is reinforced using EBS basis functions, which prevent the degradation of the condition number of the system matrices regardless of the position of the boundary domain with respect to the computational grid. Furthermore, a stabilization method based on a variational multiscale method (VMS) approach is employed to provide the flexibility in choosing arbitrary basis functions for spatial discretization, facilitating the effective construction of EBS. Numerical examples including comparisons between a full formulation and a simplified formulation are presented to demonstrate the performance of the developed method under various boundary conditions and loading states across different time scales.
Development of improved finite element formulations for pile group behavior analysis under cyclic loading
Authors: Wan Jian‐Hong , Jiang Shui‐Hua , Li Xue‐You , Chang Zhilu
Published: September 2024

The effect of cyclic loading is an essential factor leading to progressive soil strength degradation. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the pile‐soil system behavior under cyclic loading is required to ensure the stability of pile group. There is room for improvement in the inherent constraint of the conventional numerical model in terms of approximating the soil resistance distribution along the pile by point loads at element nodes, necessitating a specific element that integrates considerations of pile group effect and cyclic loading within a unified framework. This study aims to develop a newly specific type of element for efficiently predicting nonlinear behavior within the pile‐soil system, addressing simulations involving nonlinear pile‐soil interaction, pile group effect, and cyclic loading. Modified element formulations based on soil stiffness matrices and soil resistance vectors specifically address pile group effect and consider parameters that influence pile behavior under cyclic lateral loading. The numerical solution procedure with Newton‐Raphson iteration allows the calculation of pile responses in geometric and material nonlinear analyses. The validation of the proposed method includes several examples, comparing it with existing numerical solutions and experimental tests of single piles and pile groups under cyclic loading. These comparisons further support the consistency of the proposed method with measured data and validate its accuracy in considering group effect and cyclic loading. The parametric study illustrates the ability of the proposed method to capture cyclic loading parameters while considering the influence of the number and magnitude of load cycles, the cyclic load direction, and the installation methods.
Repeatability of alkaline inorganic phosphate quantification in the skeletal muscle using 31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T
Authors: Matias Alexs A. , Serviente Corinna F. , Decker Stephen T. , Erol Muhammet Enes , Giuriato Gaia , Le Fur Yann , Nagarajan Rajakumar , Bendahan David , Layec Gwenael
Published: September 2024

The detection of a secondary inorganic phosphate (Pi) resonance, a possible marker of mitochondrial content in vivo, using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P‐MRS), poses technical challenges at 3 Tesla (T). Overcoming these challenges is imperative for the integration of this biomarker into clinical research. To evaluate the repeatability and reliability of measuring resting skeletal muscle alkaline Pi (Pialk) using with 31P‐MRS at 3 T. After an initial set of experiments on five subjects to optimize the sequence, resting 31P‐MRS of the quadriceps muscles were acquired on two visits (~4 days apart) using an intra‐subjects design, from 13 sedentary to moderately active young male and female adults (22 ± 3 years old) within a whole‐body 3 T MR system. Measurement variability attributed to changes in coil position, shimming procedure, and spectral analysis were quantified. 31P‐MRS data were acquired with a 31P/‐proton (1H) dual‐tuned surface coil positioned on the quadriceps using a pulse‐acquire sequence. Test–retest absolute and relative repeatability was analyzed using the coefficient of variation (CV) and intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC), respectively. After sequence parameter optimization, Pialk demonstrated high intra‐subject repeatability (CV: 10.6 ± 5.4%, ICC: 0.80). Proximo‐distal change in coil position along the length of the quadriceps introduced Pialk quantitation variability (CV: 28 ± 5%), due to magnetic field inhomogeneity with more distal coil locations. In contrast, Pialk measurement variability due to repeated shims from the same muscle volume (0.40 ± 0.09mM; CV: 6.6%), and automated spectral processing (0.37 ± 0.01mM; CV: 2.3%), was minor. The quantification of Pialk in skeletal muscle via surface coil 31P‐MRS at 3 T demonstrated excellent reproducibility. However, caution is advised against placing the coil at the distal part of the quadriceps to mitigate shimming inhomogeneity.
Duo‐H: An Effectual Consensus Algorithm Using Two‐Tier Shard Consortium Blockchain Mechanism for Enhanced Privacy Protection
Authors: Devi C. H. Sarada , Anand R. , Hemalatha R. , Maheswari B. Uma
Published: September 2024

Blockchain is an innovative technology for storing data in decentralized, distributed, and secure chain blocks. Consortium blockchains are commonly used in transactions where transactions between organizations are also achieved by the blockchain. In the classic consortium blockchain system, entire nodes are added to each other in the process of transaction consensus. This leads to lower confidentiality in protecting transaction data within the organizations in the consortium. The throughput of the existing consortium blockchain system is still low. To solve the above problems, the paper proposes a two‐tier consortium blockchain with transaction privacy based on sharding technology. First, a trust value assessment is carried out to select the nodes of the blockchain. The duo‐head observation strategy uses these trust values to identify the nonmalicious node. Finally, the consensus separation approach based on the guarantee mechanism strategy with the shard nodes is presented. This approach is used to select reliable nodes for the blocks to be stored. The proposed consortium blockchain approach evaluation is done in terms of latency, throughput, and transactions per second metrics. As a result of the evaluations, the proposed model with 32 shards possesses 143,891
of throughput and 1.11 s of latency. Moreover, by the proposed two‐tier consortium model, time consumption is also decreased when uploading data. For a data set of 50,000, the suggested model has a time consumption of 96 s. The proposed research results in higher throughput and less latency in transactions. Also, the research enhances the scalability and reliability by overcoming the poor node issues.
The relationship between core competence and perceived professional benefits among oncology specialist nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Li Zhen , Wang Lingmin
Published: September 2024

Aim

To investigate the current state and influencing factors of core competence of oncology specialist nurses as well as the relationship between core competence and perceived professional benefits.

Design

A cross‐sectional correlational survey.

Methods

This questionnaire survey was conducted with oncology specialist nurses working in a Grade III A (tertiary) Public Cancer Hospital in Jinan, China in March 2021. Based on informed consent, a convenience sampling of 350 nurses participated in the study, with 322 valid questionnaires collected. Using IBM SPSS21.0, the data were analysed to perform descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple stepwise regression analysis and Pearson's correlation analysis.

Results

The overall average score of nurses' core competence was 224.28 ± 7.95, a medium level and the overall average score of their perceived professional benefits was 132.99 ± 5.05. Nurses' core competence was positively correlated with perceived professional benefits. The differences in professional title, education, working years and perceived professional benefits were statistically significant.

Conclusion

The findings indicated that nurses' perceived professional benefit is an important factor affecting core competence. Nursing managers who take main responsibility for the quality of care should adopt measures to increase perceived professional benefits, which not only promote nurses' job satisfaction and happiness, but also enhance the development of their core competence and the quality of cancer care as well.

Patient or Public Contribution

All participants contributed to the conducting of this study by completing self‐reported questionnaires.
Evaluating the Impact of Gender and Race on Otolaryngology Resident Experiences Across the United States
Authors: Lodha Shweta , Luzum Nathan , Washabaugh Claire , Allen Ariana , Stinnett Sandra , Woodard Charles , Fekrat Sharon
Published: September 2024

Objective

Otolaryngology residents often encounter work‐related stress and challenges during training. Sociodemographic factors influence experiences during residency; however, the impact of race and gender on otolaryngology trainee well‐being during residency remains understudied.

Study Design

Online survey.

Setting

US residency programs.

Methods

An anonymous online survey consisting of 59 multiple‐choice questions was sent to 104 directors of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education otolaryngology residency programs to distribute to residents. Respondents were queried regarding demographics and experiences with bias. Residents self‐identified gender and race. Black, Hispanic/Latinx, Middle Eastern/North African, and multiracial residents were categorized as underrepresented minorities (URM).

Results

Sixty‐one US otolaryngology residents responded to the survey, the majority of whom were women (60.7%) and white (62%). Many residents endorsed a belief that receipt of research and training opportunities was negatively impacted by bias due to race (29.5%) or gender (45.9%). More women (27%) than men (13%) reported maximal burnout, and fewer men (17.4%) than women (40.5%) expressed low confidence in ability to independently care for patients. More male (47.8%) and white (31.6%) residents strongly agreed they were thriving. 94.6% of women and 33.3% of URM residents reported being mistaken for a nonphysician, compared to 0% of white male respondents.

Conclusion

Otolaryngology residents perceived differential treatment based on race and gender, with women and URM residents experiencing greater exclusion and bias, as well as increased misidentification and decreased ability to thrive. Future work includes increasing sample size for generalizability and developing interventions that uphold equity in residency training environments.
Common progenitor origin for Rosai–Dorfman disease and clear cell sarcoma
Authors: Sato Aki , Yusa Nozomi , Takamori Hiroyuki , Shimizu Eigo , Yokoyama Kazuaki , Ichikawa Satoshi , Yokoyama Hisayuki , Kasahara Yuki , Enda Kodai , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Ichinohasama Ryo , Ota Yasunori , Imoto Seiya , Nannya Yasuhito
Published: September 2024

Histiocytic neoplasms (HNs) in adults have been reported to be associated with a high prevalence of coexisting haematological and solid malignancies. While a proportion of coexisting HNs and haematological malignancies share identical genetic alterations, the genetic association between HNs and solid malignancies has scarcely been reported. We report a case of Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) complicated by coexisting clear cell sarcoma (CCS). RDD is a rare HN. CCS is an ultrarare soft tissue sarcoma with a poor prognosis. Mutation analysis with whole‐exome sequencing revealed six shared somatic alterations including NRAS p.G12S and TP53 c.559+1G>A in both the RDD and CCS tissue. This is the first evidence of a clonal relationship between RDD and solid malignancies using mutational analysis. We hypothesise that neural crest cells, which originate in CCS, are likely the common cells of origin for RDD and CCS. This case helps to unravel the underlying clinicopathological mechanisms of increased association of solid malignancies in HNs. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Low velocity impact study of vacuum bag infused bouligand inspired composites
Authors: Amorim L. , Santos A. , Nunes J. P. , Viana J. C.
Published: September 2024

This work proposes three Bouligand‐inspired layups to enhance low velocity impact (LVI) damage resistance and tolerance of convectional aircraft composite laminates. Two Bouligand‐like (HL and HL_S) and one hybrid design layup, merging conventional and Bouligand architecture (HYB), were produced by vacuum bag infusion. Their performance under LVI, at 13.5, 25 and 40 (J), and compression after impact (CAI) tests were evaluated and compared with a conventional aircraft multidirectional layup (LS) produced under identical conditions. Results demonstrated that, especially for the higher impact energy levels, both Bouligand‐like laminates consistently outperformed all the other configurations, exhibiting higher load bearing capacity (peak load) and energy absorption. Additionally, the rough and poorly defined interlaminar region of Bouligand‐like layups have showed to delay severe damage for higher loads and energies, dissipating all (at 13.5 J) or most of the impact energy (more than 50%) through subcritical damage mechanisms. Compared with LS laminate, Bouligand‐inspired layups postponed the onset of severe damage thresholds by up to 120% in load and 66% in energy (HL laminate) while developing smaller and more localized damages. The high number of fibers aligned in the loading direction of LS laminate led to better damage tolerance.

Highlights

Vacuum bag infused Bouligand‐like laminates consistently demonstrated superior performance than the conventional aircraft multidirectional layup, exhibiting higher load bearing capacity and energy absorption, particularly at higher impact energy levels;

The rough and poorly defined interlaminar region observed in both Bouligand‐like layups demonstrated to play an essential role in the efficiency of damage mechanisms, dissipating all (at low impact energy levels) or more than 50% of impact energy on subcritical damages, such as translaminar matrix cracking;

Compared with the conventional layup, HL Bouligand‐like laminate postponed 120% and 66% load and energy severe damage onset thresholds;

The high number of fibers aligned in the loading direction of LS laminate led to better damage tolerance, despite the larger damaged areas observed.
Vibration analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube‐reinforced composite open cylindrical shells with damping film embedded
Authors: Zhai Yanchun , Li Feng , Wang Xiaoying , Qiao Huaying , Wan Zhiyuan , Zhou Yuesong
Published: September 2024

In the present study, a discrete layer model was established to explore the vibration performance of Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotube‐Reinforced Composite (FG‐CNTRC) open cylindrical shells with damping film embedded based on the first‐order shell theory. There are four configurations of stacking arrangements considered for FG‐CNTRC open cylindrical shells with damping film embedded. The equivalent structural parameters of the top and bottom FG‐CNTRC panels are generated by implementing the extended mixing rule. Governing equations are derived based on the Hamilton principle and solved with the Naiver solution. Subsequently, after verifying the validity of this paper's solution by comparing it with the published literature, a parametric elaborated investigation discloses the variation patterns of vibration performance of four FG‐CNTRC open cylindrical shells with damping film embedded. The conclusions of the study can be used as a useful guide about open cylindrical composite shell structures with the design of high strength and damping.

Highlights

Discrete layer vibration model was bulit based on first‐order shell theory.

Vbration performance of FG‐CNTRC open sandwich shells was studied.

Variation patterns of frequency and loss factor was disclosed.
Herons „Schorle‐Automat“
Authors: Kasper Lutz , Vogt Patrik
Published: September 2024

Wein‐Wasser‐Mischungen haben eine lange Geschichte, heute sind Schorle und Weinmischgetränke Lifestyle. In der Antike schützte verdünnter Wein dank antibakterieller Wirkung des Alkohols gegen Krankheiten. Heron von Alexandria erfand hierfür einen Automaten, der Wein und Wasser in einem fest vorgegebenen Verhältnis mischt.
Warum schwankt die Tageslänge?
Authors: Müller Jürgen
Published: September 2024

Weshalb sich die Tageslänge ändert, wurde schon vor 50 Jahren diskutiert. Die Ursachen sind vielfältig und immer noch Gegenstand der Forschung.
Eine schwimmende Blase als Zerstreuungslinse
Authors: Schlichting Hans Joachim
Published: September 2024

Betrachtet man einen unter Wasser befindlichen Gegenstand durch eine auf dem Wasser driftende Blase hindurch, erscheint dieser deutlich verkleinert. Die Blase wirkt hier als Zerstreuungslinse.
Benjamín Labatuts literarische Physikerbiographien
Authors: Mecke Klaus
Published: September 2024

Sein verdichtender Stil verwebt historische Ereignisse mit imaginierten Gedanken und bringt so das untrennbare Gefüge von Wissenschaft, Kunst und Geschichte zum Vorschein, die conditio humana des Physikers.
Isotope‐Tracing for Conceptual Model Formation During the Holocene of Eletsky Palsa, Bolshezemelskaya Tundra
Authors: Vasil'chuk Yurij K. , Budantseva Nadine A. , Vasil'chuk Alla C. , Chizhova Julia N. , Vasil'chuk Jessica Yu. , Ginzburg Alexander P.
Published: September 2024

Studies of permafrost agradation within peat mires leading to palsa growth and palsa dynamics during the Holocene are important for predicting the future of permafrost in a changing climate. The radiocarbon age of peat cover and stable isotope composition of the ice cores of palsas near Eletsky settlement, north‐east of the European part of Russia, were studied. Palsa growth was the most active between 8 and 5 cal ka BP. The main sources for ice core formation were precipitation‐fed surface and suprapermafrost waters. It is assumed that the isotope composition of the initial water was isotopically depleted compared with modern surface waters, which may be explained by general climate cooling during earlier stages of palsa growth (response to the 8.2 ka cooling event). The ice cores of the studied palsas were formed during the freezing of water in semi‐closed conditions, mainly by the segregation mechanism during permafrost agradation, thickness of the ice lenses and ice volume could depend on freezing rates and water supply. The upper part of the palsa ice core experienced deep thawing and could be saturated with meteoric water; repeated freezing of this part of the ice core likely occurred in closed system conditions.
Advances in InSAR Analysis of Permafrost Terrain
Authors: Zwieback S. , Liu L. , Rouyet L. , Short N. , Strozzi T.
Published: September 2024

Differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is a remote sensing technique for measuring surface displacements with precision down to millimeters, most commonly from satellites. In permafrost landscapes, InSAR measurements can provide valuable information on geomorphic processes and hazards, including thaw subsidence and frost heave, thermokarst, and permafrost creep. We first review recent progress in InSAR data availability, InSAR processing and uncertainty analysis methods relevant to permafrost studies. These technical advances have contributed to our understanding of surface deformation in flat and sloping terrain in polar and mountainous regions. We emphasize two emerging trends. First, InSAR increasingly enables insight into the mechanisms, controls, and drivers of permafrost landscape dynamics on subseasonal to decadal time scales. Second, InSAR observations in conjunction with models enable novel ways to infer subsurface parameters, such as near‐surface ground ice content and active layer thickness. We anticipate that in the coming decade, InSAR will mature into a widely used operational tool for monitoring, modeling, and planning across rapidly changing permafrost landscapes.
Nanostructural Modification of Fe2O3 Nanoparticles: Carbon Coating for Enhanced Magnetic Behavior
Authors: Qasim Muhammad , Iqbal Asad Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Tahir , Ghanem Mohamed A.
Published: September 2024

In this study, the enhancement of magnetic properties in Fe2O3 nanoparticles through nanostructural modification via carbon coating is investigated. Fe2O3 and carbon‐coated Fe2O3 nanoparticles are synthesized using the solvothermal method. Structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic properties are comprehensively analyzed. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in particle size upon carbon coating, effectively mitigating agglomeration. Furthermore, carbon‐coated nanoparticles exhibit substantial enhancement in coercivity, remanence, and saturation magnetization suggesting improved magnetic behavior in comparison to their uncoated counterparts. This enhancement is attributed to the prevention of spin misalignment at the nanoparticle surface by the carbon coating, as well as the formation of distinct magnetic domains due to the reduced particle size. The observed improvements underscore the effectiveness of carbon coating in tailoring the magnetic properties of Fe2O3 nanoparticles for applications in magnetic devices and biomedical systems, such as magnetic hyperthermia and drug delivery systems, where precise control over magnetic behavior is crucial.
Exploring the therapeutic implications of natural compounds modulating apoptosis in vascular dementia
Authors: Zhong Guangcheng , Wang Xinyue , Zhang Qian , Zhang Xueying , Fang Xiaoling , Li Shuting , Pan Yaru , Ma Yujie , Wang Xuejing , Wan Ting , Wang Qi
Published: September 2024

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a prevalent form of dementia stemming from cerebrovascular disease, manifesting in memory impairment and executive dysfunction, thereby imposing a substantial societal burden. Unfortunately, no drugs have been approved for the treatment of VaD due to its intricate pathogenesis, and the development of innovative and efficacious medications is urgently needed. Apoptosis, a programmed cell death process crucial for eliminating damaged or unwanted cells within an organism, assumes pivotal roles in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis maintenance. An increasing body of evidence indicates that apoptosis may significantly influence the onset and progression of VaD, and numerous natural compounds have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying apoptosis and its correlation with VaD. We also provide a crucial reference for developing innovative pharmaceuticals by systematically reviewing the latest research progress concerning the neuroprotective effects of natural compounds on VaD by regulating apoptosis. Further high‐quality clinical studies are imperative to firmly ascertain these natural compounds' clinical efficacy and safety profiles in the treatment of VaD.
Organosulfur Compounds, S‐Allyl‐L‐Cysteine and S‐Ethyl‐L‐Cysteine, Target PCSK‐9/LDL‐R‐Axis to Ameliorate Cardiovascular, Hepatic, and Metabolic Changes in High Carbohydrate and High Fat Diet‐Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats
Authors: Ahmad Parvej , Shah Arunim , Waiz Mohd , Chaturvedi Chandra P. , Alvi Sahir Sultan , Khan M. Salman
Published: September 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an ever‐evolving set of diseases that poses a serious health risk in many countries worldwide. Existing evidence illustrates that individuals with MetS have a 30%–40% higher chance of acquiring type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), or both. This study was undertaken to uncover the regulatory role of natural organosulfur compounds (OSCs), S‐allyl‐L‐cysteine (SAC), and S‐ethyl‐L‐cysteine (SEC), in targeting high carbohydrate high fat (HCHF)‐diet‐induced MetS‐associated risk management. Our findings suggested that SAC and SEC ameliorated HCHF‐diet‐induced diabetic profiles, plasma lipid and lipoprotein level, liver function, oxidative‐stress, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), lipid peroxidation, plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type‐9 (PCSK‐9), and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP). Moreover, the assessment of the hepatic mRNA expression of the key genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis depicted that SAC and SEC downregulated the PCSK‐9 mRNA expression via targeting the expression of HNF‐1α, a transcriptional activator of PCSK‐9. On the other hand, the LDL‐receptor (LDL‐R) expression was upregulated through the activation of its transcriptional regulator sterol regulatory element binding protein‐2 (SREBP‐2). In addition, the activity and the mRNA expression of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme‐A reductases (HMG‐R) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) were also improved by the treatment of SAC and SEC. We concluded that SAC and SEC can protect against MetS via improving the lipid and lipoprotein content, glycemic indices, hepatic function, targeting the inflammatory cascades, and oxidative imbalance, regulation of the mRNA expression of PCSK‐9, LDL‐R, SREBP‐2, HNF‐1α, PPARs, and inflammatory biomarkers.
Evaluation of orthogonal composite designs for second‐order model in presence of missing observation
Authors: Ezievuo Chibuzo Solomon , Oladugba Abimibola Victoria , Babatunde Oluwagbenga Tobi
Published: September 2024

Orthogonal‐array composite designs (OACDs) and orthogonal‐uniform composite designs (OUCDs) are orthogonal composite designs that combine two‐level full or fractional factorial and three‐level orthogonal‐array/uniform designs for estimation of the linear, bilinear, and quadratic effects in a second‐order response surface model. In this study, the effects of missing one observation in the various design portions (factorial (f) axial (a) and center (c)), on the precision of parameter estimates, prediction variance and design efficiency of OACDs and OUCDs for 5 ≤ k ≤ 9 factors at different values of α (the distance of a non‐zero co‐ordinate in an additional design point from the center) are evaluated. The results showed that missing a factorial and an axial point have adverse effect on the precision of parameter estimates of OACDs and OUCDs, while missing a center point has little effect. Missing an axial point caused the highest effect on the prediction variance and design efficiencies. The FDS plots showed OACDs to be better designs for k ≤ 7 and OUCDs for k = 8 and 9 factors.
Assessment of reliability and availability of a system by using a bivariate stochastic model
Authors: Mohsin Muhammad , Bilal Aisha , Ali Zulfiqar
Published: September 2024

In the present age of industrial revolution where the smart manufacturing and smart production are being used in the developed countries, the production systems are still vulnerable to disruptions and outages that affect the reliability and availability of the systems. Certain scientific and probabilistic approaches are required to study the inter‐failure times and repair times and find the possible solutions for maximum production and minimum losses. In this article, we propose a bivariate Power Pareto distribution to model the inter‐failure times and repair times of a system along with some of its characteristics. The model parameters are estimated by employing the maximum likelihood estimation, Bayesian estimation and ant colony optimization algorithm. A simulation study is conducted for different sample sizes to assess the stability of the model parameters. Moreover, we derive the distribution of convolution from our proposed bivariate stochastic distribution and compute its quantiles that help to determine the total time of availability and recovery of a certain system. To demonstrate the efficacy of our model, we use real data set of inter‐failure times and repair times of a certain system.
A seven‐month‐old baby presenting excessive crying for pulmonary sequestration with torsion: A case report and literature review
Authors: Li Li , Wang Yuanxiang , Sun Longwei , Wang Wenjian
Published: September 2024

Pulmonary sequestration with torsion is a rare condition. We describe a seven‐month‐old baby presenting excessive crying for pulmonary sequestration with torsion. Contrast‐enhanced chest computed tomography demonstrated an oval‐shaped mass in the posteromedial right lower chest, no systemic arterial supply was evident. The edge of the mass showed slight linear reinforcement, and its interior had no reinforcement. Thoracoscopic segmentectomy was carried out and histology confirmed pulmonary sequestration with torsion.
The link between sustainability initiatives at firm and supply chain levels: The mediating role of involvement of partners
Authors: Ramanathan Usha , Ramanathan Ramakrishnan , Balakrishnan A. S. , Hermens Imke
Published: September 2024

The deliberations of the COP28 in Dubai in December 2023 and the growing importance of UN Sustainable Development Goals have highlighted that sustainability initiatives have moved from being ‘nice‐to‐do’ to ‘must‐do’. The resource dependency theory suggests that a firm cannot develop green strategies in isolation, and a substantial involvement of all supply chain partners is needed for achieving larger impacts on environmental sustainability. However, the literature has yet to explore this link in detail. In this paper, we investigate the link between sustainability initiatives at a firm level and at the supply chain level in line with global green agenda. Data collected through a questionnaire survey of senior logistics and supply‐chain managers in UK companies were used to propose and statistically validate a framework combining both constructs and causal hypotheses. We further use a case of a farming company from Luxemburg to validate our research findings. Our results suggest a strong link in terms of green strategies between the firm level and supply chain level. We find that this link is mediated by the degree of involvement of supply chain partners. A case company participated in the study agreed to our research findings related to importance of technology and collaboration in food sector to share the resources among all supply chain players. We also find that green strategies result in improved business performance.
Programming Fast DNA Amplifier Circuits with Versatile Toehold Exchange Pathway
Authors: Mo Fengye , Li Chenbiao , Sun Junlin , Lin Xue , Yu Shuyi , Wang Fuan , Liu Xiaoqing , Li Jinghong
Published: September 2024

DNA amplifier circuits establish powerful tools to dynamically control molecular assembly for computation, sensing, and biological applications. However, the slow reaction speed remains a major barrier to their practical utility. Here, diverse fast DNA amplifier circuits termed toehold exchange polymerization (TEP) and toehold exchange catalysis (TEC) using toehold exchange‐mediated assembly as a fundamental mechanism are built. Both TEP and TEC with a duplex and a hairpin can respond within minutes to diverse nucleic acid inputs with high fidelity. In addition, the circuits can amplify live‐cell signals for fluorescence imaging target RNA dynamics and discriminating different cell lines. Compared with existing DNA circuits that involve time scales of hours for transducing small signals, TEP and TEC exhibit much faster dynamics, simpler design, and comparable sensitivity. These features make TEP and TEC promising platforms to develop programmable nucleic acid tools and devices and to create fast sensing and processing systems, amenable to wide practical applications.
Microfluidic Shape Analysis of Non‐spherical Graphite for Li‐Ion Batteries via Viscoelastic Particle Focusing
Authors: Park Jee In , Hong Sabin , Jin Daekwon , Lee Won Jun , Kim Kyeong Jin , Lee Young Ki , Lee Seung Woo , Ahn Kyung Hyun , Hwang Jongkook , Kim Ju Min
Published: September 2024

The size and shape of graphite, which is a popular active anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), significantly affect the electrochemical performance of LIBs and the rheological properties of the electrode slurries used in battery manufacturing. However, the accurate characterization of its size and shape remains challenging. In this study, the edge plane of graphite in a cross‐slot microchannel via viscoelastic particle focusing is characterized. It is reported that the graphite particles are aligned in a direction that shows the edge plane by a planar extensional flow field at the stagnation point of the cross‐slot region. Accurate quantification of the edge size and shape for both spheroidized natural and ball‐milled graphite is achieved when aligned in this manner. Ball‐milled graphite has a smaller circularity and higher aspect ratio than natural graphite, indicating a more plate‐like shape. The effects of these differences in graphite shape and size on the rheological properties of the electrode slurry, the structure of the coated electrodes, and electrochemical performance are investigated. This method can contribute to the quality control of graphite for the mass production of LIBs and enhance the electrochemical performance of LIBs.
Biomimetic Electronic Communication of Iodine Doped Single‐Atom Fe Site for Highly Active and Stable Dopamine Oxidation
Authors: Li Xiaotong , Jiao Lei , Li Ruimin , Jia Xiangkun , Chen Chengjie , Hu Lijun , Yan Dongbo , Zhai Yanling , Lu Xiaoquan
Published: September 2024

Rational design of highly active and stable catalysts for dopamine oxidation is still a great challenge. Herein, inspired by the catalytic pocket of natural enzymes, an iodine (I)‐doped single Fe‐site catalyst (I/FeSANC) is synthesized to mimic the catalytic center of heme enzymes in both geometrical and electronic structures, aiming to enhance dopamine (DA) oxidation. Experimental studies and theoretical calculations show that electronic communication between I and FeN5 effectively modulates the electronic structure of the active site, greatly optimizing the overlap of Fe 3d and O 2p orbitals, thereby enhancing OH adsorption. In addition, the electronic communication induced by iodine doping attenuates the attack of proton hydrogen on the active center, thereby enhancing the stability of I/FeSANC. This work provides new insights into the design of highly active and stable single‐atom catalysts and enhances the understanding of catalytic mechanisms for DA oxidation at the atomic scale.
Emulsion‐Based Multiscale Structural Design Realizes Lightweight and Superelastic Graphene Aerogels for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Zhang Yiman , Min Peng , Yue Guoyao , Niu Bochao , Li Lulu , Yu Zhong‐Zhen , Zhang Hao‐Bin
Published: September 2024

Ultralight graphene aerogels with high electrical conductivity and superelasticity are demanded yet difficult to produce. A versatile emulsion‐based approach is demonstrate to optimize multiscale structure of lightweight, elastic, and conductive graphene aerogels. By constructing Pickering emulsion using graphene oxide (GO), poly (amic acid) (PAA), and octadeyl amine (ODA), micron‐level close‐pore structure is realized while thermal shrinkage mismatch between GO and PAA creates numerous nanowrinkles during thermal annealing. GO nanosheets are bridged by PAA‐derived carbon, enhancing the structural integrity at molecular level. These multiscale structural features facilitate rapid electron transport and efficient load transfer, conferring graphene aerogels with intriguing mechanical and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties. The emulsion‐based graphene aerogel with an ultralow density of ≈3.0 mg cm−3 integrates outstanding electrical conductivity, air‐caliber thermal insulation, high EMI shielding effectiveness of 75.0 dB, and 90% strain compressibility with superb fatigue resistance. Intriguingly, thanks to the gel‐like rheological behavior of the emulsion, ultralight graphene scaffolds with programmable geometries are obtained by 3D printing. This work provides a general approach for the preparation of ultralight and superelastic graphene aerogels with excellent EMI shielding properties, showing broad application prospects in various fields.