bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wearable Systems of Reconfigurable Microneedle Electrode Array for Subcutaneous Multiplexed Recording of Myoelectric and Electrochemical Signals
Authors: Liu Zhengjie , Yao Chuanjie , Xu Xingyuan , Huang Xinshuo , Huang Shuang , Zheng Shantao , Zhang Tao , Li Yan , Liu Fanmao , Wu Yuxiang , Liu Jing , Chen Hui‐jiuan , Xie Xi
Published: December 2024

The real‐time monitoring of in vivo electrophysiological and biochemical signals provides critical insights into the activities of tissues and organs. As the activity and metabolic state of different sites in the muscle vary, multichannel detection is necessary to capture the functional state of the whole muscle, yet the access to the bio‐information in subcutaneous space remained challenging. This work reports the development of a reconfigurable microneedle electrode array integrated system designed to achieve painless and minimally invasive monitoring of subcutaneous electromyogram (EMG), oxygen species, and pH through an array of thumbtack‐shaped microneedle (TSMN) electrode. By assembling discrete TSMNs into an array, the system enables multi‐parameter detection with single microneedle resolution. The PEDOT: PSS layer is electrochemically deposited on the TSMNs, enhancing their signal‐sensing capabilities and electrochemical properties. Additionally, the design of the pogo pin interface ensures reliable signal transmission and stable device performance, while allowing flexible replacement of the TSMNs, which enhances system maintainability and longevity. Validation experiments conducted on in vivo animal models demonstrate the system's capability in real‐time monitoring of muscle fatigue and indicators related to sciatic nerve injury. These results advance the development of wearable technologies for monitoring subcutaneous physiological and biochemical information for diagnosing neuromuscular disorders.
Activatable Sulfur Dioxide Nanosonosensitizer Enables Precisely Controllable Sono‐Gaseous Checkpoint Trimodal Therapy for Orthotopic Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Liang Jing , Cheng Guangwen , Qiu Luping , Xue Liyun , Xu Huning , Qiao Xiaohui , Guo Na , Xiang Huijing , Chen Yu , Ding Hong
Published: December 2024

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is combined with sonodynamic therapy (SDT) to increase response rates and enhance anticancer efficacy. However, the “always on” property of most sonosensitizers in reducing tumor microenvironment (TME) compromises the therapeutic outcome of sonoimmunotherapy and exacerbates adverse side effects. Precisely controllable strategies combining sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas therapy with cancer immunotherapy can address these issues but remain lacking. Herein an “activatable SO2 nanosonosensitizer” for precise sono‐gaseous checkpoint trimodal therapy of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is reported, whose full activity is initiated by ultrasound (US) irradiation in the reducing TME. This “activatable SO2 nanosonosensitizer,” Aza‐DNBS nanoparticles (NPs), are established by self‐assembling Aza‐boron‐dipyrromethene based sonosensitizer molecules and 2,4‐dinitrobenzenesulfonate (DNBS)‐caged SO2 prodrug. The activity of Aza‐DNBS NPs is initially silenced, and the sonodynamic, gaseous, and immunosuppressive TME reprogramming activities are precisely awakened under US irradiation. Due to the glutathione‐responsiveness of Aza‐DNBS NPs, Aza‐DNBS NPs can generate large amounts of SO2 for gas therapy‐enhanced SDT, which triggers robust immunogenic cell death activation and reprogramming of the immunosuppressive TME, thereby significantly suppressing orthotopic tumor growth and delaying lung metastasis. Thus, this study represents a strategy for designing a generic nanoplatform for precisely combined immunotherapy of orthotopic HCC.
Targeted Delivery of c(RGDfk)‐Modified Liposomes to Bone Marrow Through In Vivo Hitchhiking Neutrophils for Multiple Myeloma Therapy
Authors: Liu Huiwen , Zhang Bo , Chen Hongrui , Wang Honglan , Qin Xifeng , Sun Chunyan , Pang Zhiqing , Hu Yu
Published: December 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a prevalent bone marrow disorder. The challenges in managing MM include selecting chemotherapy regimens that effectively modulate the myeloma microenvironment and delivering them to the bone marrow with high efficacy and minimal toxicity. Herein, a novel bone marrow targeting strategy using c(RGDfk) peptide‐modified liposomes loaded with chemotherapeutics is developed, which can specifically recognize and hitchhike neutrophils following systemic administration, capitalizing on their natural aging process to facilitate precise drug delivery to the bone marrow, thus minimizing off‐target effects. On the one hand, c(RGDfk)‐functionalized liposomes containing carfilzomib (CRLPs) successfully transformed macrophages from M2 phenotype to M1 phenotype, enhancing immunotherapeutic responses. On the other hand, c(RGDfk)‐functionalized liposomes encapsulating BMS‐202 (BRLPs), a small molecule checkpoint inhibitor, interrupted the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis and promoted the infiltration of cytotoxic T cells. The co‐administration of CRLPs and BRLPs successfully delivered drugs to bone marrow, leading to significant modulation of the myeloma microenvironment, reduced tumor growth, and improved survival time of MM‐bearing mouse models. These findings introduced an alternative approach to modulating the myeloma microenvironment and underscored the efficacy of hitchhiking neutrophils for bone marrow drug delivery. This strategy show advantages over traditional drug delivery methods in terms of improved efficacy and lowered toxicity.
Ternary Logic Transistors Using Multi‐Stacked 2D Electron Gas Channels in Ultrathin Oxide Heterostructures
Authors: Choi Ji Hyeon , Seok Tae Jun , Kim Sang June , Dae Kyun Seong , Jang Jae Hyuck , Cho Deok‐Yong , Lee Sang Woon , Park Tae Joo
Published: December 2024

2D electron gas field‐effect transistors (2DEG‐FETs), employing 2DEG formed at an interface of ultrathin (≈6 nm) Al2O3/ZnO heterostructure as the active channel, exhibit outstanding drive current (≈215 µA), subthreshold swing (≈132 mV dec−1), and field effect mobility (≈49.6 cm2 V−1 s−1) with a high on/off current ratio of ≈107. It is demonstrated that the Al2O3 upper layer in Al2O3/ZnO heterostructure acts as the source/drain resistance component during transistor operations, and the applied potential to the 2DEG channel is successfully modulated by Al2O3 thickness variations so that the threshold voltage (Vth) is effectively tuned. Remarkably, double‐stacked 2DEG‐FETs consisting of two Al2O3/ZnO heterostructured 2DEG channels with a single gate exhibit multiple Vth, enabling a ternary logic state in a single device. By inducing a voltage difference between the stacked channels, a sequential operation of the upper and lower FETs is achieved, successfully realizing a stable ternary logic operation.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4) Exacerbates Osteoarthritis Progression in an Enzyme‐Independent Manner
Authors: Li Xinyu , Zhang Zhao , Jiang Wenyu , Ju Yucan , Guo Weihua , Huang Zeyu
Published: December 2024

Chondrocyte senescence is a key driver of osteoarthritis (OA). Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress can induce chondrocyte senescence. However, the specific mechanisms by which senescence contributes to OA progression are not fully understood. Here, it is attested that Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is significantly upregulated in osteoarthritic chondrocytes in both humans and mice. DPP4 promotes oxidative stress and cellular senescence in chondrocytes through excessive mitochondrial fission in an enzyme‐independent manner. Intra‐articular injection of adeno‐associated virus 2 to upregulate DPP4 in chondrocytes promotes post‐traumatic and aging‐induced OA in mice in an enzyme‐independent manner. Mechanistically, DPP4 competitively binds to Myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), interfering with its E3 ubiquitin ligase Carboxyl terminus of Hsc70‐interacting protein (CHIP), and thereby upregulates MYH9 expression. Finally, a small molecule, 4,5‐Dicaffeoylquinic acid is identified, which disrupts the interaction between DPP4 and MYH9, thereby ameliorating post‐traumatic and aging‐induced OA in mice caused by DPP4 upregulation. The study indicates that the non‐enzymatic activity of DPP4 is a promising target for OA treatment.
Substantial Heritability Underlies Fairness Norm Adaptation Capability and its Neural Basis
Authors: Jin Yuening , Zheng Dang , Gu Ruolei , Fan Qingchen , Dietz Martin , Wang Changshuo , Li Xinying , Chen Jie , Hu Yuanyuan , Zhou Yuan
Published: December 2024

The present research uncovers the shared genetic underpinnings of fairness norm adaptation capability, its neural correlates, and long‐term mental health outcomes. One hundred and eighty‐six twins are recruited and played as responders in the Ultimatum Game (UG) while undergoing fMRI scanning in their early adulthood (Study‐1) and are measured on depressive symptoms eight years later (Study‐2). With computational modeling, the process of norm adaptation is differentiated from that of fairness valuation in UG. The two processes both have moderate levels of heritability. The anterior insula has a significant phenotypic correlation, whereas the Supplementary Motor Area/Medial Frontal Gyrus (SMA/mSFG) shows both a significant phenotypic correlation and a shared genetic influence with the learning rate, an index for norm adaptation. The dopaminergic DRD2 polymorphisms correlate with both the learning rate and the SMA/mSFG encoding of prediction error, constituting of their common genetic basis. Regional gene expression analysis reveals the high expression of dopamine‐related genes in the SMA/mSFG. Moreover, the learning rate can predict depressive symptom severity eight years later, with the DRD2 polymorphisms constituting their shared genetic basis. This suggests that heritability is a non‐negligible driving force behind norm adaptation, which facilitates the learning of social norms in changing environments and preserves long‐term mental health.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent SLC39A14‐Dependent Hepatocyte Ferroptosis through Exosomal miR‐16‐5p in Liver Graft
Authors: Deng Zhizhao , Zeng Weiqi , Gao Yingxin , Yang Zhenyu , Luo Xinling , Li Xianlong , Sun Guoliang , Xiong Erfeng , Huang Fei , Luo Gangjian , Hei Ziqing , Yuan Dongdong
Published: December 2024

Ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) is the leading cause of hepatic graft dysfunction, resulting from hepatocyte damage. Nevertheless, given the few specialized therapeutics available in hepatic IRI, additional mechanistic insights into hepatocyte damage are required. Here, the protein solute carrier family 39 member 14 (SLC39A14) is identified as a pro‐ferroptosis target in hepatocytes of human liver allografts through single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis. SLC39A14 knockdown significantly mitigated hepatic IRI by preventing hepatocyte ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, the inhibition of SLC39A14 suppressed non‐transferrin‐bound iron (NTBI) uptake by hepatocytes, thereby reducing iron overload and cell ferroptosis. Moreover, human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) are found to exhibit a notable therapeutic effect on hepatic IRI by downregulating SLC39A14 expression. Exosomes derived from hBMSCs delivered abundant miR‐16‐5p into hepatocytes, which post‐transcriptionally suppressed the expression of SLC39A14 and reduced cell ferroptosis induced by hepatic IRI. In conclusion, SLC39A14 triggers hepatic IRI by mediating NTBI uptake into hepatocytes and inducing hepatocyte ferroptosis. Moreover, hBMSC‐based therapy is promising to reverse this progression of hepatic IRI.
Entropy‐Mediated Crystallization Manipulation in Glass
Authors: Feng Xu , Gao Guanfeng , Lin Quanhua , Yang Yongkang , Tan Jiajia , Liu Ziang , Qiu Jianrong , Jiang Xiaofang , Zhou Shifeng
Published: December 2024

The entropy mediated temperature‐structure evolution has attracted significant interest, which is used for the development of functional alloys and ceramics. But such strategy has not yet been demonstrated for development of non‐metallic glasses. Herein, the successful application of the entropy engineering concept to non‐metallic glass to manipulate its in situ crystallization process is demonstrated. The comparison of the entropy concept in alloys, ceramics, and non‐metallic glass is discussed. As a typical example, the activation and preservation of the entropy stabilized effect of a typical niobosilicate glass system at different temperatures are studied. The relation between the micro‐configurations and the entropic property is analyzed. Via the entropy engineering strategy, the crystallization of the niobosilicate glass can be manipulated. As a result, the LiNbO3 nanocrystal‐in‐glass (NiG) composite with high crystallinity is developed, which exhibits 8 times higher nonlinearity compared with the β‐BBO crystal. The developed NiG composite is demonstrated for practical application in precise measurement of the duration and phase of ultra‐short femtosecond pulse.
Suppressed Protein Translation Caused by MSP‐8 Deficiency Determines Fungal Multidrug Resistance with Fitness Cost
Authors: Zhou Mi , Yu Pengju , Hu Chengcheng , Fang Wenxia , Jin Cheng , Li Shaojie , Sun Xianyun
Published: December 2024

Antifungal resistance, particularly the rise of multidrug‐resistance strains, poses a significant public health threat. In this study, the study identifies a novel multidrug‐resistance gene, msp‐8, encoding a helicase, through experimental evolution with Neurospora crassa as a model. Deletion of msp‐8 conferred multidrug resistance in N. crassa, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Fusarium verticillioides. However, the transcript levels of genes encoding known drug targets or efflux pumps remain unaltered with msp‐8 deletion. Interestingly, MSP‐8 interacted with ribosomal proteins, and this mutant displays compromised ribosomal function, causing translational disturbance. Notably, inhibition of protein translation enhances resistance to azoles, amphotericin B, and polyoxin B. Furthermore, MSP‐8 deficiency or inhibition of translation reduces intracellular ketoconazole accumulation and membrane‐bound amphotericin B content, directly causing antifungal resistance. Additionaly, MSP‐8 deficiency induces cell wall remodeling, and decreases intracellular ROS levels, further contributing to resistance. The findings reveal a novel multidrug resistance mechanism independent of changes in drug target or efflux pump, while MSP‐8 deficiency suppresses protein translation, thereby facilitating the development of resistance with fitness cost. This study provides the first evidence that MSP‐8 participates in protein translation and that translation suppression can cause multidrug resistance in fungi, offering new insights into resistance mechanisms in clinical and environmental fungal strains.
High‐Spin States of Manganese(III) Enable Robust Cold‐Adapted Activity of MnO2 Nanozymes
Authors: Tian Qing , Huangfu Shuaiqi , Kang Ge , Wang Haoyu , Liu Huile , Wang Xuejing , Li Aipeng , Chen Yao , Fan Kelong , Zhang Lianbing
Published: December 2024

Developing novel cold‐adapted nanozymes and elucidating their mechanisms of action remains a great challenge. Inspired by natural oxidases that utilize high‐spin and high‐valent metal‐oxygen intermediates to achieve high efficiency at low temperatures, in this study, a series of MnOx nanomaterials with varied valence and spin states are synthesized. The activity assay revealed that the oxygen vacancy‐engineered ε‐MnO2 nanozyme displayed excellent cold‐adapted oxidase‐like properties, and no observable activity loss is observed in the temperature range of −20 to 45 °C. The superior performance is attributed to the high‐spin Mn(III)–O species coupled with its induced Jahn–Teller effect, which facilitates the dissociation and activation of oxygen at low temperatures. As a proof of concept, an excellent cold‐adapted δ‐MnO2 nanozyme can be obtained using Mn3O4 as the precursor by regulating the spin state of Mn(III). Moreover, a novel and effective degradation strategy for corn stalk at low temperature is built based on the robust cold‐adapted oxidase‐like activity of ε‐MnO2. These results not only provide new insights for the rational design of cold‐adapted nanozymes but also broaden the application of nanozymes in low‐temperature industrial processes.
Photoinduced Melting of V4O7 Correlated State
Authors: Bartenev Alexander , Verbel Camilo , Wu Qin , Camino Fernando , Rúa Armando , Lysenko Sergiy
Published: December 2024

The compound V4O7 is one of the Magnéli phase (VnO2n − 1, n = 3, 4, …, 9) correlated vanadium oxides with distinct intriguing electronic and structural properties. The possibility to manipulate the phase state of V4O7 on an ultrafast time scale by light makes this material promising for potential applications in photonics, optoelectronics, quantum, and neuromorphic circuit design. In this work, the ultrafast spectroscopy of V4O7 reveals the second‐order nature of the photoinduced insulator‐to‐metal transition, emphasizing electronic and lattice contributions. The findings reveal the influence of the laser excitation level and temperature on these dynamics, providing a comprehensive understanding of V4O7 structural changes and response to external stimuli. The phenomenological model based on the Landau–Ginzburg formalism provides a robust framework for explaining the photoinduced transition dynamics, showing a detailed picture of the light interaction with the electronic and lattice subsystems. This integrated approach significantly enhances the understanding of V4O7 complex behavior upon photoexcitation, opening new possibilities for developing new optoelectronic devices and noninvasive optical control of the phase transition pathways in vanadates.
Ferroelectric‐Assisted Ion Dynamics for Prolonged Tactile Cognizance in a Biomimetic Memory‐in‐Sensor System
Authors: Bhunia Ritamay , Kim Joo Sung , Oh Hayoung , Kim Dong Jun , Lee Seokyeong , Park Cheolmin , Kim Do Hwan
Published: December 2024

The advancements in developing low‐powered artificial tactile cognition devices, inspired by the iontronic‐reliant human haptic sensory system, show great potential in future robotics and prosthetics. However, poor tactile memory and the complexity of integrating diverse modules for tactile sensing and neuromorphic functionalities pose a formidable challenge. Here, a mechanoreceptor‐inspired tactile memory‐in‐sensor (TMIS) device is presented, employing ferroelectric‐assisted ion dynamics (FAID) in FAID‐based synaptic tactile transistor (FAID‐STT). This approach improves the long‐term memory (LTM) of tactile information while minimizing power consumption, all within a unified device architecture of TMIS. The FAID mechanism intricately combines the release of trapped ions solely under mechanical stress with remnant ferroelectric polarization induced by voltage stimulation, ensuring prolonged memory retention. Consequently, the FAID‐STT exhibits a voltage‐dependent memory effect stemming from the augmentation of ferroelectric dipole polarization, offering uninterrupted tactile memory for over 12 min without requiring additional power inputs for memory retention.
Regulating and Stabilizing Strong Metal‐Support Interactions on Ni/TiO2 by Crystal Phase for Ultra‐Stable Ethanol Reforming
Authors: Zhu Songshan , Ma Shimin , Song Di , He Sufang , Wang Yunzhu , Lu Jichang , Ai Tianhao , Luo Yongming
Published: December 2024

The regulation and stabilization of strong metal‐support interactions (SMSI) in high temperature hydrogen‐rich reaction condition remains a huge challenge due to its structural sensitivity. Herein, tunable SMSI is constructed and stabilized on TiO2 supported Ni catalysts by TiO2 crystal phase engineering strategy, and then a SMSI‐degree‐depended ethanol stream reforming (ESR) performance is demonstrated. Rutile supported Ni exhibited a weakened SMSI with 48.6% coverage, exposing more metallic Ni and Ni‐TiO2 perimeter interface sites, and displayed exceptional H2 yield of 4.7 molH2/molethanol and an ultra‐long stability of 420 h without deactivation at 500 °C. The low reaction energy and high resistance to carbon deposition (0.9 mgc/gcat·h) and Ni0 sintering on Ni/r‐TiO2 catalyst explained its excellent catalytic performance. Furthermore, the effect of well‐defined SMSI structures on the reaction pathway and deactivation mechanism of the ESR is clarified. This work provides a precedent for the tailor and application of SMSI in high temperature hydrogen‐rich reaction conditions.
Microstructure of Lithium Metal Electrodeposited at the Steel|Li6PS5Cl Interface in “Anode‐Free” Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Becker Juri , Fuchs Till , Ortmann Till , Kremer Sascha , Richter Felix H. , Janek Jürgen
Published: December 2024

Recent research shows that integrating lithium metal anodes can enhance battery energy density, but the high reactivity of lithium requires handling under inert conditions to avoid degradation. To overcome this, reservoir‐free cells (RFCs) are explored, where lithium metal is electrodeposited at the current collector (CC) and solid electrolyte (SE) interface during initial charging. The electrochemical properties of electrodeposited lithium are influenced by its morphology and microstructure, which impact lithium discharge capacity and pore formation. However, little is known about how to control the microstructure of electrodeposited lithium. This work experimentally characterizes the lithium microstructure at the steel|Li6PS5Cl interface using cryogenic ion beam milling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), focusing on the effects of electrodeposition current density and lithium layer thickness. The results show that layer thickness, not current density, primarily governs the lithium microstructure. This “specimen thickness effect” is qualitatively described using a Monte Carlo Potts model and indicates that electrodeposited lithium metal quickly equilibrates at room temperature.
Enhanced Triboelectric Outputs from PAN/MoS2 Nanofiber‐Based Nanogenerators for Powering Backscatter Communications in Sustainable 6G Networks
Authors: Zhuo Linguangze , Goay Amus Chee Yuen , Sangkarat Pichsinee , Xu Feng , He Yilin , Gao Ziyan , Mishra Deepak , He Shuai , Zhang Yixia , Zhang Jin
Published: December 2024

This work explores the development of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets composite fibers for enhancing tribo‐positive electricity to power backscatter communication systems, contributing to the sustainable internet of things (IoT) nodes in future 6 G networks. By incorporating different concentrations of MoS2 (1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%) nanosheets into PAN nanofibers via electrospinning, the nanocomposite fiber‐based TENGs exhibit improved triboelectric properties. The TENG based on PAN/4% MoS2 nanocomposite fiber mat achieve a peak open‐circuit voltage of 296 V and a short‐circuit current of 6.16 μA, which represents an ≈95% and 77% enhancement, respectively, in comparison with the TENGs based on neat PAN nanofiber mat. The enhanced charge transfer ability at the PAN and MoS2 nanosheet interface, the increased dielectric properties, the rougher surface morphology of the composite nanofibers contribute to the enhancements in triboelectric performance. These TENGs are integrated with the backscatter communication system to power a wireless identification and sensing platform (WISP) tag, demonstrating extended transmission range and improved real‐time data acquisition. These findings suggest that TENGs can play a significant role in sustainable energy solutions for 6 G‐enabled IoT applications.
Lithium‐Phase Identification in an Industrial Lithium‐Ion‐Battery Recycling Slag: Implications for the Recovery of Lithium
Authors: Gantz Peter Cornelius , Panjiyar Louisa , Neumann Andreas , Neumann Michael , Roggendorf Hans , Wehrspohn Ralf , Stöber Stefan , Stephan‐Scherb Christiane
Published: December 2024

The recycling of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) through extractive pyrometallurgy is widely used, but a significant drawback is the loss of lithium to the slag. To address this, lithium‐bearing slag from an industrial LIB recycling plant is analyzed using wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetry coupled infrared. The slag's chemical composition is complex, best described by the ternary system CaO–SiO2–Al2O3, with additional major components being Na2O, Fe2O3, MgO, V2O5, Mn2O3, and Cr2O3. The slag cone shows little chemical zonation and a relatively constant lithium content of Ø 0.82 mass%. The recycling slag shows a mineralogical composition typical of nonferrous slags (e.g., melilite, clinopyroxene, nepheline). Lithium is either bound in β‐eucryptite or, to a lesser extent, in lithium metasilicate. β‐eucryptite contains up to 5.51 mass% lithium stoichiometrically, which is more than typical lithium ores contain. Moreover, β‐eucryptite has potential for the engineering of artificial minerals strategy as an easily implementable lithium phase. β‐eucryptite forms in slags with lower overall lithium content, allowing for the use of slag modifiers that reduce the process temperature. Hence, β‐eucryptite could prove as efficient and feasible option for improving lithium recovery from smelting processes.
The Risks and Rewards of Embodying Artificial Intelligence with Cloud‐Based Laboratories
Authors: Rouleau Nicolas , Murugan Nirosha J.
Published: December 2024

Autonomous, cloud‐based laboratories (CBLs) are transforming scientific research by democratizing access to advanced instruments that accelerate high‐throughput discovery. As artificial intelligences (AIs) become integrated or “embodied” with CBLs and gain independence from human oversight, efforts to identify novel pharmaceuticals, renewable energies, and agricultural biotechnologies will accelerate. AI‐driven CBLs can perform tasks more efficiently and accurately than human scientists at lower costs, achieving results in weeks rather than years. However, as AI systems approach or exceed human intelligence, their decision‐making abilities could outpace the need for human input, raising ethical, economic, and safety concerns. Aligning AI goals with human values is critical, as unregulated systems could pose existential risks, including global health hazards or the distortion of knowledge‐generating systems. AI‐driven misinformation in research highlights the need for transparency and data integrity, which may be achieved by aligning incentivizes and engineered fail‐safes to promote long‐term human flourishing. To mitigate risks, strict compartmentalization of AI systems and CBLs with third‐party supervision at fine temporal resolutions will be necessary. While current CBLs are piloted by humans, future AI systems may relegate humans to the role of co‐pilot. Anticipating increased AI‐CBL integration, policies must balance innovation with caution to maximize benefits and avoid unintended harm.
Hand Gesture Recognition Using Frequency‐Modulated Continuous Wave Radar on Tactile Displays for the Visually Impaired
Authors: Hamza Ahmed , Prabhulingaiah Santosh Kumar , Pezeshkpour Pegah , Rapp Bastian E.
Published: December 2024

Touchscreens are essential parts of many electronics in daily lives of sighted people in the digital information era. On the other hand, visually impaired users rely on tactile displays as one of the key communication devices to interact with the digital world. However, due to their working mechanism and the uneven surface of tactile displays, one of the key features of screens for sighted users is surprisingly challenging to implement: precision touch input. To overcome this, a hand gesture recognition system is developed using a frequency‐modulated continuous wave millimeter‐wave radar. A multifeature encoder method is used to obtain the range and velocity information from the radar to translate the data into spectrogram images. Gesture recognition is implemented for common input gestures: single/double‐click, swipe‐right/left, scroll‐up/down, zoom‐in/out, and rotate‐anticlockwise/clockwise. The gesture recognition and classification are based on machine learning, support vector machines, deep learning, and convolutional neural network approaches. The chosen model You‐Only‐Look‐Once (YOLOv8) shows a high accuracy of 97.1% by iterating only 30 epochs with only 500 collected data samples per gesture. This research paves the way toward using radar sensors not only for tactile displays but also for other digital devices in human–computer interaction.
Calciumchemie als ein neues Mitglied der Post‐Lithium‐Batteriefamilie: Was können wir von Natrium‐ und Magnesium‐Systemen lernen
Authors: Li Zhenyou , Cui Shuangshuang , Häcker Joachim , Nojabaee Maryam , Fichtner Maximilian , Cui Guanglei , Zhao‐Karger Zhirong
Published: December 2024

Bei der Entwicklung von Batterietechnologien der nächsten Generation müssen die Umweltauswirkungen während der gesamten Lebensdauer berücksichtigt werden, was neue Batteriechemie auf der Basis von häufig auf der Erde vorkommenden Elementen ins Rampenlicht gerückt hat. Wiederaufladbare Calciumbatterien sind eine solche vielversprechende Technologie, die das Potenzial zeigt, eine hohe Zellspannung und eine hohe Energiedichte zu liefern, die denen von Lithium‐Ionen‐Batterien nahekommt. Darüber hinaus ist die Verwendung von Ca2+ als Ladungsträger sehr nachhaltig. Obwohl seit mehr als einem halben Jahrhundert Pionierarbeit in der Elektrochemie von Ca geleistet wird, gelang es erst im letzten Jahrzehnt, reversible Ca0/Ca2+ Redoxchemie in nicht‐wässrigen Medien zu zeigen. In dieser Übersicht werden wir die jüngste Entwicklung wiederaufladbarer Calciumbatterien vorstellen und uns dabei hauptsächlich auf die Ähnlichkeiten, aber auch auf die Unterschiede zwischen der Ca‐Chemie und anderer Post‐Lithium‐Chemie konzentrieren. Gemäß der periodischen Natur der Elemente haben Magnesium (ein Erdalkalielement wie Ca) und Natrium (ein diagonal benachbartes Element zu Ca) in vielerlei Hinsicht ähnliche chemische Eigenschaften wie Ca. Wir werden erläutern, wie die Lösungschemie, das Metallverhalten und die Transportmechanismen von Ca‐Ionen im Lichte der etablierten Prinzipien in den jeweiligen Mg/Na‐Systemen besser verstanden werden können. Wir hoffen, dass die Diskussion zu einer synergetischen Entwicklung zwischen Ca‐Batterien und anderen Post‐Lithium‐Systemen anregen wird.
Atomically Dispersed Fe2 and Ni Sites for Efficient and Durable Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yang Guiyuan , Fan Meihong , Liang Qing , He Xingquan , Zhang Wei , Asefa Tewodros
Published: December 2024

Developing highly efficient, cost‐effective, and robust electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is paramount for the large‐scale commercialization of renewable fuel cells and rechargeable metal‐air batteries. Herein, a new ternary‐atom catalyst that is composed of paired Fe sites and single Ni sites (as Fe2−N6 and Ni−N4) coordinated onto hollow nitrogen‐doped carbon microspheres is developed. The as‐synthesized catalyst exhibits remarkable activities toward both the ORR and OER in alkaline media, with superior performances to those of the control materials that contain only Fe2−N6 or Ni−N4 sites. Density functional theory calculations and in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopic studies clearly reveal that the Fe2−N6 centers are the active sites for both ORR and OER, and their electrocatalytic activities are synergistically enhanced through optimization of their d‐band centers by the Ni−N4 sites. This ternary‐atom catalyst can potentially be a promising, alternative, sustainable catalyst to commercially used Pt‐ and Ru‐based catalysts to drive both the ORR and the OER in rechargeable zinc‐air batteries and other related applications.
Functionalized Attapulgite With Phosphaphenanthrene and Triazine‐Trione Groups for Improving Flame Retardancy of PBT Composites
Authors: Yang Wenlong , Li Ming , Zhang Yu , Zhang Zhongjie , Zheng Wenshu , Zou Yajie
Published: December 2024

In this study, silane‐based phosphorus flame retardants (DOPO‐KH560) and silane‐based nitrogen flame retardants (TGIC‐KH550) were first synthesized via a ring‐opening addition reaction, and the DOPO‐KH560 and TGIC‐KH550 were further grafted onto the surface of ATP to obtain ATPD and ATPT flame retardants, respectively. The resulting flame retardants, ATPD and ATPT, with different phosphorus/nitrogen (P/N) ratios, were then incorporated into poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) at a loading of 10 wt% to improve the flame retardancy and mechanical integrity of the PBT composites. Specifically, PBT composite containing 8 wt.% ATPD and 2 wt.% ATPT achieved a V‐0 rating and an oxygen index (LOI) of 28.3%, and the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release rate (THR) decreased by 29.4% and 7.7% compared to the PBT. Due to good interfacial adhesion between ATPT and PBT matrix, the PBT/6ATPD/4ATPT composite exhibited a tensile strength of 58.7 MPa, exceeding the strength of PBT and the PBT/ATP composite by 9.7% and 8.1%, respectively. As a result, the integration of ATPD and ATPT as flame retardants not only improved fire resistance but also optimized the mechanical properties of PBT composites.
Human Impacts and Larger Geographic Area Explain the Highest Number of Non‐Native Species of Freshwater Fishes Into Brazilian Protected Area
Authors: Nabout João Carlos , Pinto Felipe Esteves , Rabelo Paulo Vitor Santos , de Carvalho Rodrigo Assis , Teresa Fabrício Barreto
Published: December 2024

Non‐native species represent a significant threat to biodiversity, particularly in aquatic environments where they are often introduced for purposes such as fishing or the aquarium trade. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of isolation and the size of federal protected areas (PAs) on the number of non‐native and native freshwater fish species in Brazilian PAs. Data from Brazilian PAs were gathered, including year of creation, buffer of human impacts around the PA, PA categories, coverage by freshwater, tourist visits, sampling sites, geographical coordinates (predictor variables) and information on the number of non‐native and native freshwater fish species (response variables). Linear regression analysis was employed to examine the influence of predictor variables on the number of non‐native and native fish species. A total of 33 different non‐native fish species were identified, with Poecilia reticulata, Hyphessobrycon eques, Hoplias lacerda and Cichla kelberi being the most widespread, occurring in 15, 7, 5 and 4 distinct PAs, respectively. The overall fish biodiversity within PAs encompassed 2670 species, with the National Park of Anavilhanas and the Environmental Protection Area of Ilha e Várzea do Paraná exhibiting the highest species richness. Greater human impact, larger coverage by freshwater and increased sampling effort were positively correlated with the number of recorded non‐native species. Factors such as year of creation, type of PA and tourist visitation did not have a significant effect. In contrast, native species exhibited a higher number of occurrences in PAs with lower human impact, longer histories, larger freshwater coverage areas and more extensive sampling efforts. These findings underscore the necessity for comprehensive management strategies to mitigate the impact of non‐native species on biodiversity within PAs.
Chemical Coordination of Acetic Acid to Improve Photovoltaic Performance and Long‐Term Stability of Sn‐Pb Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xiong Jiaxing , Li JiaXing , Wang Qiuxiang , Xing Yanjun , Guo Tonghui , Gan Xinlei , Zhu Wendong , Xuan Rong , Huang Like , Liu Xiaohui , Zhu Yuejin , Tai Qidong , Zhang Jing
Published: December 2024

Mixed Tin‐Lead perovskite solar cells (Sn‐Pb PSCs) with a narrow band gap (NBG) are significant for single‐junction and all‐perovskite tandem solar cells due to their low toxicity and ideal band gap. Nevertheless, the performance and stability of the device are adversely affected by the uncontrollable crystallization and ion migration processes. Acetic acid (HAc) is introduced into the perovskite precursor solution as a multifunctional additive to enhance the film crystallization process and restrain ion migration in the device. The study shows that the introduction of HAc modulates the crystallization rates of Sn‐Pb perovskite, significantly improving the crystal quality of the film and suppressing the oxidation of Sn2+, thereby reducing the generation of defects. Additionally, the polar hydroxyl groups (‐OH) in HAc form hydrogen bonds with I−, inhibiting I− ion migration and effectively protecting the Ag electrode from corrosion. Consequently, the optimized Sn‐Pb PSCs containing HAc achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.42% (1 sun, AM1.5). Simultaneously, the unencapsulated devices treated with HAc exhibited excellent long‐term stability, maintaining a certain percentage of their initial efficiency after aging for 1000 hours in an N2 atmosphere.
Untangling the Impact of ESG Performance on Financing and Value in the Supply Chain: A Congruence Theory Perspective
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Lu Jianjun , Chai Li , Zhang Baofeng , Qiao Dakuan , Li Shuai
Published: December 2024

The interdependent nature of supply chains allows a firm's financing activities to be influenced by the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance of the firm's supply chain partners. Drawing upon congruence theory, this paper explores the impact of ESG performance congruence among different supply chain members on both firm financial constraints and market value. This study employs response surface analysis and cluster analysis to examine the data of Chinese listed firms and their supply chains from 2009 to 2022. From the dyadic perspective of customer–supplier, the results suggest that the congruence of customer and supplier ESG performance reduces customers' financial constraints while increasing suppliers' financial constraints. The reduction in customers' financial constraints enhances customers' firm value. This study further reveals different configuration patterns of ESG performance within the supply chain from the triadic perspective of customer–focal firm–supplier. Our findings enrich the empirical research on ESG performance within supply chains, offering significant insights for managers and investors in allocating supply chain resources and formulating ESG investment strategies.
Before closing a program, ensure compliance, assess legal, reputational risks
Authors: Porter Michael
Published: December 2024

Whether arising out of routine program review or unanticipated enrollment and economic challenges, institutions of higher education occasionally find a need to close a program.
Follow service animal law and etiquette when encountering service dogs on campus
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: December 2024

Service dogs have become a common sight on and off campus. For dog lovers and non‐dog lovers alike, these animals evoke respect for their training, obedience, and commitment to assisting their owners. For the former (myself included), it can be hard to see such a good boy or girl and not want to pet or interact with them.
Review recent rulings involving accessibility under Title II, Section 504
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: December 2024

An overview of the key topics faced by higher education professionals with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Trends in novel antiandrogen receptor signal inhibitor use and medical costs in prostate cancer
Authors: Miura Hikari , Yamamoto Hayato , Okuyama Yoshiharu , Ishi Noritaka , Tanaka Ryuma , Oishi Takuya , Yoneyama Fumiya , Hamaya Tomoko , Togashi Kyo , Fujita Naoki , Okamoto Teppei , Ohyama Chikara , Hatakeyama Shingo
Published: December 2024

Objective

We aimed to examine trends in novel antiandrogen receptor signal inhibitor (ARSI) usage and medical costs by collecting real‐world big data included in The National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) Open Data, covering most of the clinical practices throughout Japan.

Methods

Usage data for outpatient prescriptions from 2016 to 2021 were extracted from the NDB Open Data. Among the 459,610 million tablets/capsules prescribed, prostate cancer‐specific agents (bicalutamide, estramustine phosphate, flutamide, abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide) were selected to investigate the trends of usage and medical costs.

Results

In total, 764.8 billion medications were recorded. Among these, standard dose‐adjusted prescriptions for bicalutamide, abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide, and other vintages (estramustine phosphate, flutamide) was 276, 14.2, 18.1, 2.19, 0.34, and 20.3 million, respectively. The usage of ARSI increased significantly from 6.1% in 2016 to 16% in 2021. The medical costs for prostate cancer‐specific agents increased significantly (1.8‐fold) from 2016 to 2021. Despite the limited usage of ARSIs, a majority of the medical costs had been spent on ARSIs. Medical costs associated with ARSIs increased significantly from 59% to 89% (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

ARSI usage and medical costs associated with prostate cancer increased significantly from 2016 to 2021. Despite the limited use of ARSIs, a considerable proportion of the medical costs for prostate cancer‐specific agents had been spent on ARSIs.
Mammography Among Women Residing in Urban Versus Rural Utah: Breast Cancer Survival
Authors: Tanner Quinn , Chang Chun‐Pin , Curtin Karen , VanDerslice James , Gren Lisa , Deshmukh Vikrant , Newman Michael , Date Ankita , Dodson Mark , Henry N. Lynn , Hashibe Mia
Published: December 2024

Background

Annual or biennial breast cancer screenings are recommended for women 40 and older. Women residing in rural areas have worse breast cancer survival rates than urban women, but no study has focused on rural versus urban residence in Utah regarding breast cancer screening and mortality.

Methods

Cases (n = 14,516) were women aged > 39 diagnosed with a first primary invasive breast cancer between 1998 and 2017 in Utah. Controls (n = 63,117) without a history of breast cancer were matched to cases by birth year and birth state. Mammography screening status was identified by Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Logistic regression was used to assess the odds of breast cancer diagnosis. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess survival outcomes for rural and urban breast cancer patients based on screening status.

Results

Screening mammography usage among rural patients diagnosed with breast cancer was lower (17.7%) than urban usage (20.7%). Usage of screening mammograms resulted in higher odds of breast cancer diagnosis at localized stage rather than at a regional and distant stage. Rural breast cancer cases had a higher proportion of deaths, and a lower proportion screened, than urban breast cancer cases. Hazard ratios showed that screening mammography usage was associated with better survival among both rural (HR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.44–0.57) and urban (HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.39–0.82) breast cancer cases.

Conclusion

Screening mammography usage was associated with better overall survival regardless of place of residence. Removing barriers and improving information regarding breast cancer screenings are needed in both rural and urban settings in Utah to increase mammography usage, with the overall goal of increasing early detection and outcomes of breast cancer.
Multiphoton Excited Fluorescence Imaging over Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Huo Qingwei , Meng Tong , Lu Xin , Li Dandan
Published: December 2024

Multiphoton excited fluorescence (MPEF) imaging has emerged as a powerful tool for visualizing biological processes with high spatial and temporal resolution. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of porous materials composed of metal ions or clusters coordinated with organic ligands, have recently gained attention for their unique optical properties and potential applications in MPEF imaging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the design, synthesis, and applications of multiphoton excited fluorescence imaging using MOFs. We discuss the principles behind the fluorescence behavior of MOFs, explore strategies to enhance their photophysical properties, and showcase their applications in bioimaging. Additionally, we address the current challenges and future prospects in this rapidly evolving field, highlighting the potential of multiphoton excited fluorescence imaging by MOFs for advancing our understanding of complex biological processes.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Full Unilateral Access Using the Ipsilateral Superficial Femoral Artery Is Effective
Authors: Cacela Duarte , Ramos Rúben , Fiarresga António , Rodrigues Inês , Ferreira André , Mendonça Tiago , Silva Tiago , Morais Luís , Grazina André , Teixeira Bárbara , Ferreira Rui
Published: December 2024

Background

Access site complications are very common complications in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Usually, a second arterial sheath is placed either in the contralateral femoral artery or in the radial artery as a simplified approach. This study aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of a full unilateral access using the ipsilateral superficial femoral artery (iSFA) in TAVR and to determine whether it simplifies the procedure.

Methods

This single‐center retrospective audit analyzed the first 100 TAVR cases between February 2022 and January 2023 using iSFA as default secondary access. The primary outcomes included 30‐day device success, bleeding, and vascular access‐related complications. The last 100 bilateral cases and all bilateral cases (n = 656) served as controls.

Results

Of the 143 transfemoral TAVRs performed during the study period, 43 patients were excluded. The remaining 100 patients (median age, 84 years; interquartile range, 80–89 years; median EuroSCORE II, 2.46; interquartile range, 1.65–3.97) were analyzed. The vascular access‐related complication rates were 11% (main access, 55%; secondary access, 45%), with a 97% device success rate. In the control group of all bilateral cases, device success and vascular access‐related complication rates were 93% and 17%, respectively. In the experimental group, access complications were promptly managed in the catheterization laboratory. All cases requiring interventions other than manual compression were successfully managed using iSFA.

Conclusions

The total unilateral approach using iSFA was safe and effective, shortening the time to address main access complications, providing ergonomic advantages for operators, and enhancing patient comfort.
Neuro‐Behçet's Disease Masquerading as Multiple Sclerosis in a Young Male
Authors: Khodadadi Sanaz , Montazeri‐Shatouri Reyhaneh , Naser Moghadasi Abdorreza
Published: December 2024

This case highlights the importance of considering Neuro‐Behçet's disease (NBD) in the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly in patients presenting with neurological manifestations, abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and systemic symptoms consistent with Behçet's disease (BD).
Exploring Hydrocele of the Canal of Nuck in a Mature Woman: Beyond the Norm
Authors: Jha Saurav , Singh Sweta , Khan Sajjad Ahmed , Shah Rajat Kumar , Shrestha Pratick , Kandel Arjun , Baral Barsha , Regmi Pratik Raj
Published: December 2024

Timely diagnosis and surgical intervention are crucial in managing hydrocele of the canal of Nuck. A systematic approach, including thorough examination and appropriate imaging, followed by meticulous surgical technique, ensures successful treatment and favorable long‐term outcomes for patients.
Comprehensive Management of Rhino‐Orbito‐Cerebral Mucormycosis Post‐COVID‐19: A Case Report
Authors: Dehbozorgi Mohammad , Motazedian Gholamreza , Fallah‐Tafti Ali Mohammad , Nahaei Mehryar , Jabari Nia Ebtesam , Salari Fateme , Nabavizadeh Seyed Ali
Published: December 2024

Post‐COVID‐19 mucormycosis, particularly the rhino‐orbital‐cerebral form, can be life‐threatening. This case highlights the importance of maintaining high clinical suspicion, especially in patients with recent COVID‐19 history. Prompt diagnosis, aggressive surgical debridement, and antifungal therapy are crucial for successful management, even in patients without traditional risk factors.