bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dar-se en el abrazo para encontrar-se en la palabra: la biblioteca pública como ambiente educativo potenciador del afecto
Authors: Henao Henao Doris Liliana , Giraldo Giraldo Yicel Nayrobis
Published: March 2012

En este artículo se presenta a la biblioteca pública como ambiente potenciador del afecto y a la lectura como práctica que fortalece el vínculo afectivo en las familias. En primer lugar, puede decirse que la biblioteca, en contextos sociales signados por la violencia y otros problemas sociales, se convierte un espacio muy importante para el encuentro de los niños con la lectura, por lo que allí tiene lugar en términos de acogida al recién llegado para el reconocimiento de su propia singularidad y la de los otros; se convierte en una institución que ayuda a criar por el acompañamiento que le brinda a las madres, padres y cuidadores; y favorece el establecimiento de relaciones intersubjetivas soportadas en la confianza, el cariño y el afecto por los otros y su propia historia de vida. En segundo lugar, la lectura no se concibe como una práctica aislada y solitaria, sino más bien como una práctica vinculante y potenciadora del afecto. La lectura como dinamizadora del lenguaje, introduce a los niños y adultos significativos o cuidadores, en otras posibilidades para el ser-con-otros y para estar-con-otros.
Indicadores bibliométricos em ciência da informação: análise dos pesquisadores mais produtivos no tema estudos métricos na base Scopus
Authors: Oliveira Ely Francina Tannuri de , Gracio Maria Cláudia Cabrini
Published: March 2012

Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar os indicadores de impacto e relevância - total de artigos publicados, média de citações, número total de citações e índice h dos pesquisadores mais produtivos na área "Estudos Métricos", nos periódicos da base Scopus, por meio de um estudo de correlação, de determinação de melhor equação de regressão do índice h, em função do total de citações, bem como em função de todos os indicadores sob análise. Como procedimento de pesquisa, utilizou-se os termos de busca: "bibliometr* OR scientometr* OR infometr* OR webometr* OR informetr* OR webmetr* OR patentometr*", recuperando-se 36 pesquisadores apontados como os mais produtivos. Para cada indicador, foram calculadas as seguintes estatísticas descritivas: máximo, mínimo, média, desvio padrão e coeficiente de variação. Calculou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e ajustou-se a equação de regressão do índice h, em função do total de citações. Determinou-se a equação de regressão múltipla, do índice h em função dos demais indicadores. Nas considerações finais, destaca-se a necessidade da combinação destes indicadores para se descrever amplamente o perfil multifacetado de um pesquisador, dada a complementaridade de informações fornecidas pelos indicadores de produtividade e impacto, de naturezas distintas.
O papel social da biblioteca pública na interação entre informação e conhecimento no contexto da ciência da informação
Authors: Bernardino Maria Cleide Rodrigues , Suaiden Emir Jose
Published: March 2012

Destaca a importância da biblioteca pública para a sociedade e a relevância de seu papel social. Traz a observação da relação de interação entre informação e conhecimento processada na mente dos usuários, sob os auspícios da Ciência da Informação. O lugar da biblioteca pública na sociedade, seu papel fomentador da leitura e da cultura e a relação intrínseca com a comunidade, gerando conhecimento e favorecendo a cidadania são aspectos apontados, respaldados pelos ditames do Manifesto da UNESCO, que traz a biblioteca pública como porta de entrada para o conhecimento. Por fim, propõe a reflexão e o desenvolvimento de projetos culturais de incentivo à leitura, como condições favoráveis para a criação de relações entre a comunidade usuária, proporcionando à biblioteca pública, condições apropriadas para firmar seu papel, enquanto fomentadora da cultura na sociedade.
Inovação na fabricação de cervejas especiais na região de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Ferreira Rubens Hermógenes , Vasconcelos Maria Celeste R Lobo , Judice Valéria Maria Martins , Neves Jorge Tadeu de Ramos
Published: March 2012

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar os processos de inovação na fabricação de cervejas especiais na grande Belo Horizonte. Para tanto, utilizou-se conceitos como cervejas especiais, inovação, empreendedorismo e gestão do conhecimento. O foco teórico foi concentrado na evolução da indústria cervejeira, no processo de inovação e nas diversas tipologias adotadas pelos autores tradicionais, que são referência no tema. Autores como Schumpeter, e os mais recentes, como Tidd, Bessant & Pavitt (2008), auxiliaram na definição de inovação usada neste trabalho. A coleta de dados deu-se através de entrevistas com atores da produção de cervejas especiais, da observação em painel setorial, em mesa redonda em evento do setor, além de pesquisa documental. Os sujeitos pesquisados foram os atores envolvidos com cervejas especiais, como: microcervejeiros, homebrewers e consultores do setor. As conclusões indicam que a inovação tem sido importante para aqueles que atuam com esse tipo de cerveja, seja pela diferenciação do produto, pelo atendimento às exigências do mercado e por uma atuação incipiente em redes sociais para transmissão do conhecimento. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram evidências da ocorrência de inovação no setor cervejeiro artesanal, em particular, as incrementais.
Estudo de usuários no arquivo público do estado do Maranhão (APEM): analisando as estratégias metacognitivas no processo de busca de informação
Authors: Barros Dirlene Santos , Neves Dulce Amélia de Brito
Published: March 2012

A presente pesquisa é fruto da dissertação de Mestrado pela Universidade Federal da Paraíba, que teve como objeto o estudo do processo de busca de informação, desenvolvido pelos usuários do Arquivo Público do Maranhão (APEM). Analisamos, à luz do modelo de comportamento de busca de informação de David Ellis, se as estratégias metacognitivas do profissional da informação do APEM são semelhantes ou diferentes das traçadas pelos pesquisadores no comportamento de busca da informação. Os resultados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação da entrevista semidiretiva, aplicada a dois profissionais, e o protocolo verbal a doze pesquisadores. Destacamos, como resultado, a convergência no comportamento de busca de informação desses sujeitos, com poucas diferenças; e a ausência de um estudo de usuário pelo APEM de forma mais sistêmica e centrada em seus usuários e a criação de uma nova subcategoria.
Comprometimento e justiça organizacional: um estudo de suas relações com recompensas assimétricas
Authors: Ribeiro José Adauto , Bastos Antônio Virgilio Bittencourt
Published: March 2012

Este trabalho teve por propósito investigar as implicações da concessão diferenciada de benefícios e remuneração a dois grupos de funcionários, que exerciam função idêntica em uma mesma empresa, sobre a percepção de justiça distributiva e de comprometimento organizacional. À guisa de suporte teórico, foram explorados os construtos de justiça e comprometimento organizacional. O estudo empírico foi efetuado em uma organização da indústria bancária, e teve por objeto os dados de uma survey realizada junto a uma amostra de 679 pessoas, cindida em dois grupos por distinções contratuais: o pré-98, com 304 indivíduos, e o pós-98, com 379. A diversidade dos dois grupos, com perfis bem distintos e com diferenças significativas de benefícios, se revelou bastante profícua para análises comparativas. como instrumento de levantamento de dados, foi utilizado um questionário composto de variáveis demográficas, das escalas trifatorial de comprometimento na organização e da dimensão de percepção de justiça distributiva.
Notas sobre a história oficial do transtorno do déficit de atenção/hiperatividade TDAH
Authors: Caliman Luciana Vieira
Published: March 2012

Este artigo constrói inicialmente uma cartografia dos discursos históricos do diagnóstico do Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH). Em seguida, dois momentos-chave da história oficial do diagnóstico são analisados: as descrições do médico inglês George Still, de 1902, e a síndrome da encefalite letárgica, na primeira metade do século XX. Em tais análises, é dado relevo aos elementos morais e políticos da história oficial do TDAH - eles fazem parte dos níveis mais profundos da constituição do diagnóstico do TDAH que não são explicitados pelo discurso médico-científico. As diferentes versões históricas destacadas e os elementos revelados e ocultados pela história oficial são vistos como parte da constituição do diagnóstico do TDAH. Juntos, eles formam a história do TDAH com todas as suas polêmicas e controvérsias.
A vinculação afetiva para crianças institucionalizadas à espera de adoção
Authors: Oliveira Shimênia Vieira de , Próchno Caio César Souza Camargo
Published: March 2012

Este trabalho aborda a compreensão de vivências afetivas de crianças institucionalizadas à espera de adoção. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram quatro crianças (duas meninas e dois meninos), com idade entre seis e nove anos. Buscaram-se informações sobre a sua história de vida nos prontuários da instituição, e as crianças foram entrevistadas individualmente. Observando-as em brincadeiras, em atividades na instituição e por meio do desenho livre, puderam ser percebidos modos e sentidos de alguns laços afetivos significativos para elas. Neles constatou-se que as percepções daquelas crianças no que se refere à instituição não eram tão problemáticas como se poderia supor à primeira vista. Entre elas e as cuidadoras, verificaram-se igualmente relações com certo nível de afetividade. Após análise qualitativa de dados, pôde-se perceber que as crianças se vinculam positivamente à instituição, entretanto, manifestam o desejo de ter um lar. Outras categorias emergentes acerca do vínculo afetivo, além da proximidade com as atendentes, foram o brincar, as amizades e a distinção entre o bem e o mal. Pode-se dizer que tais crianças, embora tenham estabelecido vínculos de afetividade com a instituição, ainda são agenciadas por um imaginário em que o desejo de ter uma família se revela muito intenso e com possibilidades de realização. conclui-se, com isso, que tais temáticas estão atreladas à possibilidade de a criança se relacionar com as demais pessoas de forma mais lúdica e simbólica.
Atuação do psicólogo em organizações não governamentais na área da Educação
Authors: Dadico Luciana , Souza Marilene Proença Rebello de
Published: March 2012

Este trabalho se faz presente em um contexto de transformações nos discursos e práticas educacionais que acompanham a globalização e a crise econômica dos Estados nacionais, atribuindo a novos personagens, as organizações não governamentais, a tarefa de promover melhoria no atendimento escolar. O objetivo principal da presente pesquisa é conhecer o trabalho de psicólogos que atuam em organizações não governamentais no campo educacional, com ênfase nas especificidades desse trabalho bem como nas principais questões relacionadas à atuação dos profissionais. Assim, constituíram informações importantes para a pesquisa as características das organizações não governamentais que afirmam ter como missão atuar na área educacional, as características do trabalho realizado pelos psicólogos que atuam nessas instituições e as questões que os psicólogos destacaram como constituintes do trabalho realizado na área da educação. A realização deste estudo baseou-se principalmente nos conceitos de sociedade civil, de Gramsci, e nos princípios que norteiam uma educação libertadora e uma psicologia comprometida com o oprimido. Espera-se, assim, contribuir para a reflexão que vem se operando no terreno em que confluem a atuação das ONGs, a educação pública e a prática profissional em Psicologia no País, fornecendo subsídios, de modo mais direto, aos estudiosos e profissionais que atuam nessas áreas.
Construção de um projeto de cuidado em saúde mental na atenção básica
Authors: Ramos Priscila Freitas , Pio Danielle Abdel Massih
Published: March 2012

Este trabalho constitui um relato de experiência e de intervenção da Psicologia junto à equipe multiprofissional de uma Estratégia Saúde da Família de um Município do interior paulista, através da oferta de um espaço terapêutico para usuários egressos de internações psiquiátricas. Possuímos como objetivo contribuir com a reflexão sobre as ações terapêuticas, dialogando sobre a construção de um projeto coletivo de cuidados ampliados voltado para a prevenção, a promoção e a proteção da saúde mental no Território. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada na perspectiva construtivista da Psicologia social da saúde, proposta por Spink (2003), e no método da roda, proposto por campos (2003). Percebemos, através do grupo, o fortalecimento dos vínculos e dos laços de confiança entre profissionais e usuários, o que proporcionou a reconstrução das relações sociais que, muitas vezes, foram rompidas devido aos longos momentos de internações psiquiátricas. concluímos que são eficientes as propostas terapêuticas cujas ações enfoquem a desmedicalização e a continuidade do cuidado aos sujeitos egressos de internações psiquiátricas para seu lugar social de origem. Além disso, as ações e os planos de cuidado, seja para promover a saúde, seja para prevenir doenças, dependem da participação ativa dos sujeitos, pois, do contrário, as práticas e os projetos de cuidado perdem a sua eficácia.
Adaptação à prótese auditiva em usuários assistidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Buriti Ana Karina Lima , Oliveira Simone Helena dos Santos
Published: March 2012

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a adaptação à prótese auditiva pelos usuários assistidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e propor ações educativas em serviço, com base nas necessidades dos usuários. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa descritiva, de natureza quantitativa, em que foram avaliados 32 adultos com deficiência auditiva, em fase de adaptação à prótese auditiva, que receberam pelo SUS. Foram aplicados dois questionários estruturados com questões fechadas, sendo realizada a análise descritiva dos dados. RESULTADOS: Verificaram-se limitações e restrições moderadas e tempo reduzido de uso diário, dificultando o alcance do benefício do uso da amplificação sonora. Em relação ao uso e manuseio, foi observado que 70,8% coloca e retira o aparelho sozinho, 79,2% retira-o para tomar banho, 87,5% não realiza a higienização diariamente e 37,5% apresenta alergia ou dor atribuída ao uso do molde. CONCLUSÃO: Os usuários apresentam dificuldades em relação ao uso e ao manuseio da prótese, as quais influenciam negativamente na adaptação ao mesmo. Mostra-se necessária a promoção de ações de educação em saúde auditiva, a fim de minimizar tais dificuldades e favorecer a adaptação ao uso de prótese.
The effect of formative assessment in Brazilian university physics courses
Authors: Cruz Émerson , Dias Hélio , Kortemeyer Gerd
Published: March 2012

Most postsecondary physics courses in Brazil offer no meaningful formative assessment opportunities. We implemented online homework with immediate feedback in two courses, one with traditional learners at a public university, and one with non-traditional learners at a private university. In addition, at the public university, clickers were used in lecture. While surveys showed broad acceptance of these techniques by the students and the belief that they helped in learning, grades did not significantly improve - instead, we observed a narrowing of the grade distribution toward mid-range grades at the public university, and no difference at the private university. Our study also identifies a number of logistical and organizational hurdles that need to be overcome before a hopefully more successful implementation of these techniques should be attempted.
Física com Arduino para iniciantes
Authors: Cavalcante Marisa Almeida , Tavolaro Cristiane Rodrigues Caetano , Molisani Elio
Published: March 2012

Apresentamos neste trabalho diferentes modos de operar o Arduino para funcionar como uma interface alternativa na aquisição e automação de dados em atividades experimentais de física via porta USB do computador. Selecionamos como exemplo de aplicação o estudo de carga e descarga de um capacitor. As etapas de interação com o Arduino passam pelo processo de construção do circuito, coleta e armazenagem de dados em formato txt e visualização gráfica em tempo real através da linguagem Processing. Para cada etapa apresentamos propostas didáticas de utilização, todos os códigos fontes necessários para a interação com o Arduino, além de links para acesso a tutoriais que possibilitam a reprodução deste e outros experimentos.
Non-capacity or capacity model for fluvial sediment transport
Authors: Cao Zhixian , Li Zhijing , Pender Gareth , Hu Peng
Published: March 2012

The last several decades have witnessed the development of both capacity and non-capacity models for fluvial sediment transport. While recent investigations of the multiple timescales of fluvial processes have substantiated the understanding of conditional applicability of capacity models, the extent to which a capacity model differs from a non-capacity model remains to be unravelled. This paper presents a comparative investigation of one-dimensional capacity and non-capacity models. As a corollary to the theoretical analyses of the multiple timescales of fluvial processes, this study demonstrates that bed load transport can adapt to local flow sufficiently rapidly and, accordingly, a capacity model is applicable. However, as bed evolution modifies the flow considerably, a non-capacity model is needed if the flow is to be properly resolved in addition to bed load transport. Furthermore, it takes a long time and space for suspended sediment transport to adapt to capacity. Therefore non-capacity modelling is critical for suspended sediment transport, whereas a capacity model may result in considerable errors at best and become ill-posed at worst because of the requirement for extra boundary conditions. The findings of this work should facilitate the physically enhanced development and applications of mathematical river models.
An invasive riparian tree reduces stream ecosystem efficiency via a recalcitrant organic matter subsidy
Authors: Mineau Madeleine M. , Baxter Colden V. , Marcarelli Amy M. , Minshall G. Wayne
Published: March 2012

A disturbance, such as species invasion, can alter the exchange of materials and organisms between ecosystems, with potential consequences for the function of both ecosystems. Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) is an exotic tree invading riparian corridors in the western United States, and may alter stream organic matter budgets by increasing allochthonous litter and by reducing light via shading, in turn decreasing in‐stream primary production. We used a before‐after invasion comparison spanning 35 years to show that Russian olive invasion increased allochthonous litter nearly 25‐fold to an invaded vs. a control reach of a stream, and we found that this litter decayed more slowly than native willow. Despite a mean 50% increase in canopy cover by Russian olive and associated shading, there were no significant changes in gross primary production. Benthic organic matter storage increased fourfold after Russian olive invasion compared to pre‐invasion conditions, but there were no associated changes in stream ecosystem respiration or organic matter export. Thus, estimated stream ecosystem efficiency (ratio of ecosystem respiration to organic matter input) decreased 14%. These findings show that invasions of nonnative plant species in terrestrial habitats can alter resource fluxes to streams with consequences for whole‐ecosystem functions.
Year‐round sexual harassment as a behavioral mediator of vertebrate population dynamics
Authors: Wearmouth Victoria J. , Southall Emily J. , Morritt David , Thompson Richard C. , Cuthill Innes C. , Partridge Julian C. , Sims David W.
Published: March 2012

Within‐species sexual segregation is a widespread phenomenon among vertebrates, but its causes remain a topic of much debate. Female avoidance of male coercive mating attempts has the potential to influence the social structure of animal populations, yet it has been largely overlooked as a driver of sexual separation. Indeed, its potential role in long‐term structuring of natural populations has not been studied. Here we use a comparative approach to examine the suitability of multiple hypotheses forwarded to account for sexual segregation (i.e., activity budget, predation risk, thermal niche–fecundity, and social factors) as drivers underlying sex‐specific habitat use in a monomorphic model vertebrate, the small‐spotted catshark, Scyliorhinus canicula. Using this hypothesis‐driven approach, we show that year‐round sexual habitat segregation in S. canicula can be accounted for directly by female avoidance of male sexual harassment. Long‐term electronic tracking reveals that sperm‐storing female catsharks form daytime refuging aggregations in shallow‐water caves (∼3.2 m water depth) and undertake nocturnal foraging excursions into deeper water (∼25 m) on most nights. In contrast, males occupy deeper, cooler habitat (∼18 m) by day and exploit a range of depths nocturnally (1–23 m). Males frequent the locations of shallow‐water female refuges, apparently intercepting females for mating when they emerge from, and return to, refuges on foraging excursions. Females partly compensate for higher metabolic costs incurred when refuging in warmer habitat by remaining inactive; however, egg production rates decline in the warmest months, but refuging behavior is not abandoned. Thermal choice experiments confirm that individual females are willing to “pay” in energy terms to avoid aggressive males and unsolicited male mating attempts. Long‐term evasion of sexual harassment influences both the social structure and fecundity of the study population, with females trading off potential injury and unsolicited matings with longer‐term fitness. This identifies sexual harassment as a persistent cost to females that can mediate vertebrate population dynamics.
Combining Kura Clover with Forage Legumes and Grasses to Optimize Pasture Forage Legume Content
Authors: Riday Heathcliffe , Albrecht Kenneth A.
Published: March 2012

Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb) is an underutilized forage legume with great potential as a durable forage legume in permanent pastures and in living mulch management systems. A major impediment to the widespread use of kura clover is establishment difficulty. Several studies have examined practices for establishing kura clover in pure stands, with companion crops, with pasture grasses, or seeded into existing pastures. The objective of this research was to determine optimal seeding rates for mixtures of kura clover grown with a grass species and a fast‐establishing forage legume. The goal was to produce pastures with the greatest and most consistent forage legume content during the lifespan of the pasture. Varying seed ratios of kura clover/red clover (T. pratense L.) or kura clover/birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were used in combination with orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). In kura clover/birdsfoot trefoil mixtures with a grass companion, optimal seeding ratios by weight between forage legumes were 75:25 and 50:50 kura clover/birdsfoot trefoil. In kura clover/red clover mixtures with a grass companion, the optimal seeding ratios between forage legumes were 75:25 kura clover/red clover. Mixtures containing kura clover and red clover had the greatest percentage forage legume dry matter (above 50%). This study demonstrates that pasture forage legume content can be increased by seeding with binary mixture of kura clover and a fast‐establishing forage legume.
Continuous Winter Wheat Versus a Winter Canola–Winter Wheat Rotation
Authors: Bushong Joshua A. , Griffith Andrew P. , Peeper Thomas F. , Epplin Francis M.
Published: March 2012

Difficult to control winter annual grasses that have been used to produce forage, especially Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and feral rye (Secale cereale L.), have invaded Oklahoma fields traditionally used to produce continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This study was conducted to determine whether a winter canola (Brassica napus L.)–winter wheat crop rotation could compete economically with continuous winter wheat. The effects of seven herbicide treatments for continuous wheat and 24 herbicide treatments for the canola–wheat rotations were analyzed during a rotation cycle at four Oklahoma locations. Enterprise budgets were prepared to enable economic comparisons across production systems and treatments. Wheat yields in the second year of the canola–wheat rotations were significantly (P < 0.05) greater than wheat yields in the second year of continuous wheat across all four locations (10, 11, 15, and 22%). Based on the historical relationship between wheat and canola prices, and a wheat price of US.21 kg−1 and a canola price of US.40 kg−1, for the three sites for which net returns could be pooled across herbicide treatments, net returns from the canola–wheat rotation (US$197, US$123, and US$24 ha−1 yr−1) were significantly (P < 0.05) greater than net returns from continuous wheat (–US$46, –US$118, and –US$48 ha−1yr−1). Based on historical price relationships and the yields produced in the trials, a winter canola–winter wheat crop rotation may improve net returns relative to continuous winter wheat for Oklahoma fields infested with Italian ryegrass and feral rye.
Planting Date Effects on the Nutritive Value of Fall‐Grown Oat Cultivars
Authors: Coblentz W. K. , Bertram M. G. , Martin N. P. , Berzaghi P.
Published: March 2012

Fall‐grown oat (Avena sativa L.) shows potential to fill an important niche as a fall forage option throughout central Wisconsin. Our objectives were to assess the effects of planting date on the nutritive value of fall‐grown oat from four cultivars exhibiting diverse maturation characteristics. During a 3‐yr trial, three grain‐ and one forage‐type cultivar were established on 15 July, 1 August, or 15 August, and subsequently harvested at 15‐d intervals beginning 15 September. Cultivar × harvest date interactions (P ≤ 0.041) were observed consistently within individual planting dates. Estimates of 48‐h in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) declined throughout the fall for all cultivars, and ranged from 416 to 548, 529 to 704, and 665 to 798 g kg−1 neutral detergent fiber (NDF) following the 15 July, 1 August, and 15 August planting dates, respectively. Within planting date, these changes generally were explained by linear, quadratic, and cubic (P < 0.001) trends over time. Overall, means for ForagePlus were greater by 127, 102, and 32 g kg−1 NDF than grain‐type cultivars following the 15 July, 1 August, and 15 August planting dates, respectively. Generally, similar trends were observed for estimates of total digestible nutrients with respective ranges of 503 to 592, 581 to 687, 685 to 747 g kg−1 across the three establishment dates. Selection of a forage‐type cultivar likely will result in superior yield and nutritive value for planting dates as late as the first week of August. Thereafter, these advantages become less distinct, and grain‐type cultivars often may be better management choices.
Prairie Acacia, Panicled Tick‐Clover, and Herbaceous Mimosa Herbage, Nitrogen and Seed Yields, Nutritive Value, and Regional Adaptation
Authors: Noah Ray L. , Muir James P. , Wittie Roger D. , Kattes David H. , Pitman William D. , Rea Gary L. , Brakie Melinda R.
Published: March 2012

Domestication of herbaceous, perennial, warm‐season North American legumes can contribute to a wide array of conservation and agricultural objectives. This study examined ‘Plains’ Germplasm prairie acacia [PPA; Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kunze var. hirta (Nutt.) B.L. Rob.], panicled tick‐clover [PTC; Desmodium paniculatum (L.) D.C.], and ‘Crockett’ Germplasm herbaceous mimosa (CHM; Mimosa strigillosa Torr & A. Gray) herbage yield, nutritive value, effect of herbage harvest on seed production, and range of adaptation. At Stephenville, TX, on a Windthorst fine sandy loam (fine, mixed, avtive, thermic Udic Paleustalf), herbaceous mimosa yielded the most (P ≤ 0.05) herbage dry matter (DM) of all entries in 2008, 2009, and 2010 (3380, 7510, and 3570 kg ha−1, respectively). Plains Germp lasm prairie acacia produced the greatest (P ≤ 0.05) seed yields in 2008 and 2009 (1480 and 2590 kg ha−1, respectively), while CHM yielded the least seed for the first 2 yr after seeding. Overall, PPA had the lowest (P ≤ 0.05) leaf fiber concentrations. Harvest in general negatively (P ≤ 0.05) affected seed yield. Plot cover ratings of these entries seeded along a longitudinal gradient from Knox City (33°26′ N, 99°51′ W), Stephenville, and Nacogdoches, TX, to Homer, LA, (32˚47′ N, 93˚3′ W) indicated that CHM was the quickest to spread via stolons, followed by PPA via rhizomes, while PTC, limited to seed for recruitment, was slower to spread. All three perennial, herbaceous legumes are promising for pasture, rangeland, wildlife habitat, and prairie restoration.
Response of Corn Grain, Cellulosic Biomass, and Ethanol Yields to Nitrogen Fertilization
Authors: Sindelar A. J. , Lamb J. A. , Sheaffer C. C. , Jung H. G. , Rosen C. J.
Published: March 2012

Corn (Zea mays L.) stover will likely play an integral role in near‐term attempts to produce renewable cellulosic transportation fuels. However, little is known regarding the effect of N fertilization on biomass and ethanol yields of stover and cobs. The objectives were to evaluate the effect of N fertilization on stover and cob biomass and ethanol yields across a range of environments, and to determine if these biomass and ethanol yields can be maximized within N fertilization rates for grain yield optimization. Field experiments were conducted over eight diverse environments across Minnesota. Overall, stover and cob biomass and ethanol yields increased with increasing N fertilization, and agronomically optimum nitrogen rates (AONR) were identified in nearly all environments that were responsive to N fertilization. Ethanol yields for stover ranged from 2414 to 3842 L ha−1, whereas ethanol yields for cobs ranged from 513 to 906 L ha−1. When AONRs for stover and cob ethanol yields were compared to the respective AONR for grain yield, stover ethanol yield was maximized at N fertilization rates below the AONR for grain yield in four of the seven responsive environments, while cob ethanol yield was maximized at N fertilization rates below the AONR for grain yield in five of the six responsive environments. These results suggest that stover and cob ethanol yields will often be maximized when grain yield optimization is the primary goal.
Academic Confidence and Summer Bridge Learning Communities: Path Analytic Linkages to Student Persistence
Authors: Allen David F. , Bir Beth
Published: March 2012

Academic confidence cultivated within the context of learning communities may be an important key to student success. This study examined the structural relationships of four constructs on academic performance and persistence for summer bridge learning community (SBLC) and non-SBLC members. Constructs included: 1) student background; 2) academic confidence; 3) desire to finish college; and 4) intent to transfer. SBLC participants ended their freshman year with significantly higher GPAs and returned the following year at greater rates than non-SBLC members. Even though it was found that none of the constructs directly influenced persistence for either group, a significant direct effect of academic confidence on academic performance was found for SBLC members. This study demonstrates clearly that in spite of budgetary constraints, learning community models work; students in SBLCs generally show more positive outcomes (i.e., first year GPA and persistence to year two) than non-SBLC students. The statistical power of structural equation modeling is demonstrated and policy implications are discussed.
Enzymatic scavenging of oxygen dissolved in water: Application of response surface methodology in optimization of conditions
Authors: Karimi Afzal , Mahdizadeh Fatemeh , Salari Dariush , Vahabzadeh Farzaneh , Khataee Alireza
Published: March 2012

In this work, removal of dissolved oxygen in water through reduction by
glucose, which was catalyzed by glucose oxidase ? catalase enzyme, was
studied. Central composite design (CCD) technique was applied to achieve
optimum conditions for dissolved oxygen scavenging. Linear, square and
interactions between effective parameters were obtained to develop a second
order polynomial equation. The adequacy of the obtained model was evaluated
by the residual plots, probability-value, coefficient of determination, and
Fisher?s variance ratio test. Optimum conditions for activity of two enzymes
in water deoxygenation were obtained as follows: pH=5.6, T=40?C, initial
substrate concentration [S] = 65.5 mmol/L and glucose oxidase activity [E] =
252 U/Lat excess amount of catalase. The deoxygenation process during 30
seconds, in the optimal conditions, was predicted 98.2%. Practical
deoxygenation in the predicted conditions was achieved to be 95.20% which was
close to the model prediction.
Do Financial Statement Users Judge Relevance Based on Properties of Reliability?
Authors: Kadous Kathryn , Koonce Lisa , Thayer Jane M.
Published: March 2012

Relevance and reliability (now referred to as “representational faithfulness”) are qualities of financial information that both the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the International Accounting Standards Board use in setting standards for financial reporting. Despite their importance, very little research has addressed how financial statement users apply these constructs. Via experiments set within the fair value context, we show that users do not view them as independent constructs. Instead, variations in properties that are associated with the reliability of a measurement influence users' assessments of the relevance of fair value. The relationship between assessed relevance and assessed reliability is unidirectional, in that factors underlying reliability influence judgments of relevance, but factors underlying relevance do not influence judgments of reliability. Our findings are important because inappropriate assessments of relevance can influence firm valuation. The results are particularly meaningful in the context of fair value because such measurements can vary widely in reliability.

JEL Classifications: M41.
On some quadrature rules with Laplace end corrections
Authors: Bożek Bogusław , Solak Wiesław , Szydełko Zbigniew
Published: March 2012

We investigate quadrature rules with Laplace end corrections that depend on a parameter β. Specific values of β yield sixth order rules. We apply our results to approximating the sum of slowly converging series s = Σi=1∞
f(i + 1/2) where f ∈ C
6 with its sixth derivative of constant sign on [m, ∞) and ∫
m∞
f(x)dx is known for m ∈ ℕ. Several examples show the efficiency of this method. This paper continues the results from [Solak W., Szydełko Z., Quadrature rules with Gregory-Laplace end corrections, J. Comput. Appl. Math., 1991, 36(2), 251–253].
Bounds on global secure sets in cactus trees
Authors: Jesse-Józefczyk Katarzyna
Published: March 2012

Let G = (V, E) be a graph. A global secure set SD ⊆ V is a dominating set which satisfies the condition: for all X ⊆ SD, |N[X] ∩ SD| ≥ | N[X] − SD|. A global defensive alliance is a set of vertices A that is dominating and satisfies a weakened condition: for all x ∈ A, |N[x] ∩ A| ≥ |N[x] − A|. We give an upper bound on the cardinality of minimum global secure sets in cactus trees. We also present some results for trees, and we relate them to the known bounds on the minimum cardinality of global defensive alliances.
Skipping breakfast is correlated with impaired fasting glucose in apparently healthy subjects
Authors: Voronova Natalia , Nikitin Alexey , Chistiakov Alexander , Chistiakov Dimitry
Published: March 2012

Regular food consumption plays a critical role in normal glucose homeostasis. Today, a few studies have evaluated the level of fasting glucose in individuals who skip breakfast, which should theoretically lead to a lack of supplementary energy and thereby increase the risk for subsequent hypoglycemia. The prevalence of suspected habitual skipping breakfast (SHSB) (at least three times weekly) was evaluated with a simple question, along with measurement of fasting plasma glucose level and assessment of cardiovascular and lifestyle risk factors in a cross-sectional study of 2,331 asymptomatic adults who had never been treated with insulin or oral anti-diabetic drugs. The overall prevalence of SHSB was 16.3% (20.1% for men and 9.4% for women, P<0.0001, χ2-test). Compared with a normal fasting glucose level, an impaired fasting glucose (IFG) level (100–125 mg/dl), but not high fasting glucose (≥126 mg/dl), was significantly associated with SHSB, and this association remained after adjustment for relevant confounders [odds ratio (95% CI): 1.75 (1.33–2.30) and 2.10 (0.93–4.71), respectively]. Age (inversely), current smoker, late dinner just before sleeping, infrequent exercise, and high C-reactive protein (≥1.8 mg/L) were independently associated with SHSB. In a subgroup of subjects who underwent a 75g-oral glucose tolerance test (n = 1,315), isolated IFG (n = 272) was solely significantly associated with SHSB. Our results suggest that IFG, subtle inflammatory state, and high-risk lifestyle factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease may have an association in asymptomatic adults who habitually skip breakfast.
Life-saving dogs
Authors: Fischer Holger , Stöllberger Claudia , Finsterer Josef
Published: March 2012

Dogs can play an important role in their owners’ lives. As well as providing a source of comfort, emotional support, and entertainment, there is now evidence suggesting that dogs may promote their owners’ health. The mechanisms of these beneficial effects, however, are unclear. The important role of dogs in their owners’ medical emergencies is illustrated by two cases of patients admitted to our intensive care unit, in whom untrained domestic dogs saved lives by alerting the family. Companion dogs may react to emergencies of their owners and save lives. Clarifying how dogs perceive medical emergencies might stimulate design of emergency alarm systems.
Lipid parameters in non-moderate and prolonged drinking of alcohol
Authors: Gautam MP , Ghimire U , Gurung KB , Guruprasad S , Subramanyam G
Published: March 2012

Alcohol consumption in moderate amount is cardio-protective and its beneficial effect is largely mediated through its impact on cholesterol; however the impact of non-moderate drinking on lipid parameters has not been evaluated. This study was designed to assess the effect of non-moderate and prolonged drinking on various lipid values. Fifty non-moderate drinkers (>25 g/day for last 10 years) were selected and lipid profile measurement was done at fasting state and findings were analyzed and the level was correlated with life time intake amount. Mean daily intake, duration and life time intake amount of alcohol were 64.3 g, 22 years and 502 kg respectively. Only 4 % and 16% alcohol users had high and borderline high total cholesterol respectively. Majority (72 %) has optimal level of HDL and only 22 % and 6 % had low and high level respectively. Similarly, majority alcohol users (80 %) had desired level of total cholesterol. Only 38 % alcoholic subjects had normal, others, 20 % and 40 % had either borderline high or high triglyceride level respectively. Regarding the LDL, majority has optimal (60 %) or near optimal (38 %), only 2 % had borderline high level. Similarly, regarding non-HDL, only 12 % subjects had high and majority (88 %) had optimal level. In correlation analysis, the relation between lifetime intake amount and these lipoprotein levels was inconclusive. In conclusion, the prolonged and non-moderate drinking was associated with mostly optimal and desired level of various lipid parameters. The only undesirable effect of alcohol consumption was the high triglyceride level that was recorded in majority. However, the correlation of the levels of these lipoproteins with life time intake was inconclusive. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i1.5961 JCMSN 2011; 7(1): 1-11
A study of graft uptake rate of myringoplasties in Bir Hospital
Authors: Yadav LK , Pradhananga J
Published: March 2012

Chronic suppurative otitis media-tubotympanic type is one of the commonest ear diseases in the practice of otolaryngology. It mainly occurs in the people with poor socio-economic conditions hence, its magnitude is immense in remote areas of Nepal where poverty prevails the most and in people who do not have access to health facilities. The main features of this disease are ear discharge lasting more than three months, hearing loss, and perforation of the tympanic membrane. The aim of this study is to evaluate the graft uptake rate of patients who underwent Myringoplasties for Chronic Suppurative otitis media tubotympanic type. The total number of patients in the study was 129. Age of the patients varied from 13 to 45 years. Myringoplasties were performed on these patients. They were followed up at one week for stitch and ear pack removal, and then at four weeks to see for graft uptake. The graft uptake rate was found to be 81.4 %. There were no significant complications, except that few patients complained of pain at the site of incision for harvesting the graft. This study showed that myringoplasty has good success rate./7 and can be carried out safely for closure of tympanic membrane perforation in cases of chronic suppurative otitis media tubo-tympanic type. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i1.5969 JCMSN 2011; 7(1): 24-27
Left inferior accessory renal arteries its embryological basis and clinical significance
Authors: Satyanarayana N , Guha R , Nitin V , Praveen G , Datta AK , Sunitha P
Published: March 2012

The variations in origin of renal arteries are very common. During routine dissection of a male cadaver we found left accessory renal artery. The origin of accessory renal artery is immediately below main renal artery. The left inferior accessory renal arteries run towards inferior pole of left kidney, in the area where the left renal vein was leaving the left kidney. The vascular variations are very important for vascular surgeons, urologists, nephrologists, radiologists. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i1.5976 JCMSN 2011; 7(1): 65-68
An intravenous biological therapy for psoriasis: Infliximab
Authors: Mathur M , Kedia SK , Chimire RBK
Published: March 2012

Psoriasis is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease which typically follows a relapsing and remitting course and is associated with joint disease. The significant reduction in quality of life and the psychosocial disability suffered by patients underline the need for prompt, effective treatment and long-term disease control. Patients with moderate to severe disease often require systemic treatment with effective & new modalities such as biological-Infliximab. Review will highlight fundamental aspects of infliximab and its use in Psoriasis as well as provide specific comments regarding this monoclonal antibody and its position in of psoriasis in the future treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i1.5977 JCMSN 2011; 7(1): 69-72
Cluster Analysis of Intercity Rail Passengers in Emerging High-Speed Rail Corridor
Authors: Sperry Benjamin R. , Ball Kristopher D. , Morgan Curtis A.
Published: March 2012

Recent pledges by the U.S. federal government to increase investments in high-speed passenger rail have highlighted the importance of identifying the potential impacts of these investments on current rail passengers. Identification of these impacts depends largely on the demographics, travel habits, and attitudes of these passengers—in essence, who these passengers are. This investigation applied cluster analysis, a method typically used to determine potential consumer groups for marketing research, to identify similar groups of rail passengers riding Amtrak's Hiawatha service between Chicago, Illinois, and Milwaukee, Wisconsin. These groups were then analyzed for their potential responses to future high-speed rail service. Analysis results showed that clustering was an effective method to determine differences between segments of a market, in this case, current passenger rail users. Further analysis indicated that these segments exhibited potentially different responses to future high-speed rail service. It is recommended that attention be paid to the potential needs of these current passenger segments to increase the likelihood of success for future high-speed rail service.
International Variation in Cost–Benefit Analysis of Urban Rail Projects
Authors: Gwee Evan , Currie Graham , Stanley John
Published: March 2012

This paper compares urban rail cost–benefit analysis (CBA) in 11 countries and the region of Hong Kong, China, to understand differences and implications for evaluation outcomes and to highlight possible CBA improvements. All countries studied used multicriteria analysis and examined capital, operating, and maintenance costs, and some included asset residual value. Monetized benefits varied, although travel time savings (TTS) were common primary benefits. Several countries also captured TTS for trucks, pedestrians, and cyclists. Accident cost savings (ACC) were common, although unit accident costs varied. For secondary benefits, all countries and regions except Hong Kong and Singapore included environmental externalities. Air pollution and noise impact were common. The United States was unique in including option value, and Germany and the Netherlands were unique in adopting agglomeration benefits. The social discount rate (SDR), assessment period, and decision criteria varied. Most SDRs used the marginal rate of return on private-sector investment (yielding an SDR of 6% to 10%). Net present value was the common decision criterion, and 20 to 30 years was a common evaluation period. Standardized parameter valuations suggested commuting value of time as $5 in Australian dollars per hour (A$5/h) to A$15/h, with an average of A$10/h for public transport users and A$10.50/h for car users. Accident cost varied; fatal accidents cost A$0.1 to A$4.25 million and serious accidents A$60,000 to A$490,000. A case study illustrates implications of adopting approaches with varied outcomes. Only Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands had positive benefit–cost ratios (1.00 to 2.61). TTS and congestion relief were major benefits (50% to 60% and 40% to 50%, respectively, of all benefits). ACC, environmental externalities, and option value benefits were not significant. Agglomeration benefits substantially increased project benefits.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage in a case of segmental arterial mediolysis with coexisting intracranial and intraabdominal aneurysms
Authors: Matsuda Ryosuke , Hironaka Yasuo , Takeshima Yasuhiro , Park Young-Su , Nakase Hiroyuki
Published: March 2012

The authors report the rare case of a 58-year-old man with segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) with associated intracranial and intraabdominal aneurysms, who suffered subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. This disease primarily involves the intraabdominal arterial system, resulting in intraabdominal and retroperitoneal hemorrhage in most cases. The patient presented with severe headache and vomiting. The CT scans of the head revealed SAH. Cerebral angiography revealed 3 aneurysms: 1 in the right distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA), 1 in the distal portion of the A1 segment of the right ACA, and 1 in the left vertebral artery. The patient had a history of multiple intraabdominal aneurysms involving the splenic, gastroepiploic, gastroduodenal, and bilateral renal arteries. He underwent a right frontotemporal craniotomy and fibrin coating of the dissecting aneurysm in the distal portion of the A1 segment of the right ACA, which was the cause of the hemorrhage. Follow-up revealed no significant changes in the residual intracranial and intraabdominal aneurysms. An SAH due to SAM with associated multiple intraabdominal aneurysms is extremely rare. The authors describe their particular case and review the literature pertaining to SAM with associated intracranial and intraabdominal aneurysms.