bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancements in damping properties and thermal conductivity of acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber by using hindered phenol modified alumina
Authors: Dong Huanhuan , Jiang Yang , Zhang Yong
Published: May 2022

Highly integrated electronic components used under mechanical vibration usually require the vibration‐reduction and heat‐dissipation protection from rubber composites. But it is still a challenge to simultaneously improving damping properties and thermal conductivity of rubber. Herein, hindered phenol modified alumina is prepared and filled to acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR), leading to NBR/modified alumina composites with strong interfacial interaction. The composites exhibit superior damping properties. They have higher hysteresis ratio, damping coefficient, damping factor at 25°C, and effective damping temperature ranges than NBR and its unmodified alumina composites. The NBR/modified alumina composites also have higher thermal conductivity and lower relaxation rate than NBR and its alumina composites. The modification of alumina by the hindered phenol is an effective method for preparing NBR composites with extraordinary combination of good damping properties and high thermal conductivity. The composites have a great application potential for vibration‐reduction and heat‐dissipation protection of electronic components.
Fabrication of zinc oxide‐coated microcrystalline cellulose and its application in truck tire tread compounds
Authors: Boopasiri Supparoek , Thaptong Puchong , Sae‐Oui Pongdhorn , Siriwong Chomsri
Published: May 2022

The severe threat to aquatic environment from zinc oxide (ZnO) in tread debris has become a serious issue for tire manufacturers. Various attempts including the utilization of composite ZnO have therefore been made to reduce ZnO content in tread compounds. In this study, a new composite ZnO was prepared by depositing ZnO nanoparticles on microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) through hydrothermal reactions, called M‐ZnO. After characterization by various techniques, cure activation efficiency of M‐ZnO in truck tire tread compound was investigated and compared with that of active ZnO (A‐ZnO). The results showed that M‐ZnO contained approximately 66.7% w/w of ZnO and had comparable specific surface area to A‐ZnO. Regardless of the ZnO type, crosslink density increased with increasing ZnO content up to 3 phr leading to the improved mechanical properties of the rubber vulcanizates, that is, hardness, modulus, and abrasion resistance. Tensile and tear strengths, however, were found maximum at 2 phr of both A‐ZnO and M‐ZnO. Although wet grip index was independent of ZnO content, rolling resistance tended to reduce with increasing ZnO content. The results clearly show the great potential of utilizing M‐ZnO to replace conventional A‐ZnO in tread compounds when more stringent environmental regulations are imposed.
Dynamics of Methylation of CpG Sites Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Subtypes in a Longitudinal Cohort
Authors: Lanata Cristina M. , Nititham Joanne , Taylor Kimberly E. , Solomon Olivia , Chung Sharon A. , Blazer Ashira , Trupin Laura , Katz Patricia , Dall'Era Maria , Yazdany Jinoos , Sirota Marina , Barcellos Lisa F. , Criswell Lindsey A.
Published: May 2022

Objective

Findings from cross‐sectional studies have revealed associations between DNA methylation and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) outcomes. This study was undertaken to investigate the dynamics of DNA methylation by examining participants from an SLE longitudinal cohort using samples collected at 2 time points.

Methods

A total of 101 participants from the California Lupus Epidemiology Study were included in our analysis. DNA was extracted from blood samples collected at the time of enrolment in the cohort and samples collected after 2 years and was analyzed using Illumina EPIC BeadChip kit. Paired t‐tests were used to identify genome‐wide changes which included 256 CpG sites previously found to be associated with SLE subtypes. Linear mixed models were developed to understand the relationship between DNA methylation and disease activity, medication use, and sample cell‐type proportions, adjusted for age, sex, and genetic principal components.

Results

The majority of CpGs that were previously determined to be associated with SLE subtypes remained stable over 2 years (185 CpGs [72.3%]; t‐test false discovery rate >0.05). Compared to background genome‐wide methylation, there was an enrichment of SLE subtype–associated CpGs that changed over time (27.7% versus 0.34%). Changes in cell‐type proportions were associated with changes at 67 CpGs (P < 2.70 × 10−5), and 15 CpGs had at least 1 significant association with immunosuppressant use.

Conclusion

In this longitudinal SLE cohort, we identified a subset of SLE subtype–associated CpGs that remained stable over time and may be useful as biomarkers of disease subtypes. Another subset of SLE subtype–associated CpGs changed at a higher proportion compared to the genome‐wide methylome. Additional studies are needed to understand the etiology and impact of these changes on methylation of SLE‐associated CpGs.
Machine Learning for the Identification of a Common Signature for Anti–SSA/Ro 60 Antibody Expression Across Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Foulquier Nathan , Le Dantec Christelle , Bettacchioli Eleonore , Jamin Christophe , Alarcón‐Riquelme Marta E. , Pers Jacques‐Olivier
Published: May 2022

Objective

Anti‐Ro autoantibodies are among the most frequently detected extractable nuclear antigen autoantibodies, mainly associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD). This study was undertaken to determine if there is a common signature for all patients expressing anti–Ro 60 autoantibodies regardless of their disease phenotype.

Methods

Using high‐throughput multiomics data collected from the cross‐sectional cohort in the PRECISE Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (PRECISESADS) study Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) project (genetic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic data, combined with flow cytometry data, multiplexed cytokines, classic serology, and clinical data), we used machine learning to assess the integrated molecular profiling of 520 anti–Ro 60+ patients compared to 511 anti–Ro 60– patients with primary SS, patients with SLE, and patients with UCTD, and 279 healthy controls.

Results

The selected clinical features for RNA‐Seq, DNA methylation, and genome‐wide association study data allowed for a clear distinction between anti–Ro 60+ and anti–Ro 60– patients. The different features selected using machine learning from the anti–Ro 60+ patients constituted specific signatures when compared to anti–Ro 60– patients and healthy controls. Remarkably, the transcript Z score of 3 genes (ATP10A, MX1, and PARP14), presenting with overexpression associated with hypomethylation and genetic variation and independently identified using the Boruta algorithm, was clearly higher in anti–Ro 60+ patients compared to anti–Ro 60– patients regardless of disease type. Our findings demonstrated that these signatures, enriched in interferon‐stimulated genes, were also found in anti–Ro 60+ patients with rheumatoid arthritis and those with systemic sclerosis and remained stable over time and were not affected by treatment.

Conclusion

Anti–Ro 60+ patients present with a specific inflammatory signature regardless of their disease type, suggesting that a dual therapeutic approach targeting both Ro‐associated RNAs and anti–Ro 60 autoantibodies should be considered.
Modulation of Slow Magnetic Relaxation in Gd(III)‐Tetrahalosemiquinonate Complexes
Authors: Dunstan Maja A. , Brown Dominic S. , Sorace Lorenzo , Mole Richard A. , Boskovic Colette
Published: May 2022

Incorporating lanthanoid(III)‐radical magnetic exchange coupling is a possible route to improving the performance of lanthanoid (Ln) single‐molecule magnets (SMMs), molecular materials that exhibit slow relaxation and low temperature quantum tunnelling of the magnetization. Complexes of Gd(III) can conveniently be used as model systems to study the Ln‐radical exchange coupling, thanks to the absence of the orbital angular momentum that is present for many Ln(III) ions. Two new Gd(III)‐radical compounds of formula [Gd(18‐c‐6)X4SQ(NO3)].I3 (18‐c‐6=18‐crown‐6, X4SQ⋅−=tetrahalo‐1,2‐semiquinonate, 1: X=Cl, 2: X=Br) have been synthesized, and the presence of the dioxolene ligand in its semiquinonate form confirmed by X‐ray crystallography, UV‐Visible‐NIR spectroscopy and voltammetry. Static magnetometry and EPR spectroscopy indicate differences in the low temperature magnetic properties of the two compounds, with antiferromagnetic exchange coupling of JGd‐SQ∼−2.0 cm−1 (Hex=−2JGd‐SQ(SGdSSQ)) determined by data fitting. Interestingly, compound 1 exhibits slow magnetic relaxation in applied magnetic fields while 2 relaxes much faster, pointing to the major role of packing effects in modulating slow relaxation of the magnetization.
Recent Advances in Aptamer‐Based Nanopore Sensing at Single‐Molecule Resolution
Authors: Lv Pengrui , Zhang Wenxin , Yang Yongyi , Gao Huilin , Li Shuang , Tan Cherie S. , Ming Dong
Published: May 2022

Aptamers as the recognition element of the stochastic nanopore sensors have been under intense investigation. This paper reviews recent research advances in aptamer‐based nanopore sensing techniques, including the classification and selection of nanopores (biological nanopores, solid‐state nanopores, and nanopipettes), different strategies of aptamer‐based nanopore sensing, and their values and outlook for applications in areas such as environmental analysis, precision diagnosis, pharmaceutical industry, and security. Furthermore, the single‐molecule nanopore sensors have been applied to reveal the aptamer‐target interactions, such as recognition orientation, binding sites, and conformational heterogeneity dissociation kinetics at the single‐molecule level. In this review, recent research efforts to develop aptamer‐based single‐molecule nanopore sensors with high selectivity and sensitivity are highlighted, and some perspectives are drawn.
Rongalite as a Sulfone Source: Sulfonylation of para‐Quinone Methides and Alkyl/allyl Halides
Authors: Kale Someshwar B. , Jori Popat K. , Das Utpal
Published: May 2022

A one‐pot three‐component reaction using p‐quinone methides, rongalite and alkyl/allyl halides has been described. The corresponding unsymmetrical sulfones were obtained in good yields under mild reaction conditions in the absence of any metal, base or any other additive.
Management of urachal cancer in pregnancy: A systematic review
Authors: Chew Kenneth K. Y. , Quah Samantha , Boot Madison R. , Sowter Steven
Published: May 2022

Urachal cancer is a rare non‐urothelial malignancy that involves the urachus, often occurring at the junction of the urachal ligament and the bladder dome. It accounts for less than 1% of all bladder tumours. Cancer during pregnancy is rare, with the incidence of all cancers in pregnancy estimated to be 25–27 per 100 000 pregnancies. Urachal cancer in pregnancy is an even rarer phenomenon, with only a handful of case reports published to date. After a systematic review, only five cases have been reported in the English literature. We aim to review the cases presented in the literature and to examine the outcomes of the management of urachal cancer in pregnancy to date.
One‐pot sulfa‐Michael addition reactions of disulfides using a pyridine‐borane complex under blue light irradiation
Authors: Park Changhee , Lee Sunggi
Published: May 2022

We report a one‐pot sulfa‐Michael addition reaction using a disulfide and a pyridine‐borane complex under blue light irradiation. This novel synthetic approach has a broad substrate scope and a high functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies suggest that sequential radical and ionic processes provide a practical solution for constructing carbon–sulfur bonds.
ESG controversies and bank risk taking
Authors: Galletta Simona , Mazzù Sebastiano
Published: May 2022

This study investigates how environmental, social, and governance controversies affect bank risk taking. By estimating a dynamic panel data model from 2011 to 2020, we find evidence that banks with fewer ESG controversies take less risk. Banks with a lower number of ESG controversies show their compliance with the implementation of ESG strategies to reduce risk, as evidenced by lower risk‐weighted assets and higher Z‐scores. The present study supports the recent guidelines on climate‐related and environmental risks published by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and the European Central Bank. Therefore, the main results strengthen the need for the integration not only of social and governance risks but also of climate‐related and environmental risks in banks' risk management framework.
High expression ofPI4K2Apredicted poor prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and correlated with immunity
Authors: Huang Xinkun , Cao Yang , Bao Peng , Zhu Bingye , Cheng Zhouyang
Published: May 2022

Background

PI4K2A has been found to have a tumor‐promoting role in various solid tumors and be involved in various biological procedures. In this article, we aim to investigate the prognostic values of PI4K2A and provide new insights in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD).

Methods

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, Human Protein Atlas online database, and UALCAN database were used to analyze the expression of PI4K2A in COAD and the survival of patients. Univariate and multifactorial Cox regression analyses were used to assess the prognosis of PI4K2A on COAD. GSEA was used to explore PI4K2A‐related signaling pathways. In addition, the effect of PI4K2A on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment was investigated by constructing a TIDE model and predicting the association between PI4K2A and anticancer drug sensitivity through the CellMiner database.

Results

In the TCGA database, PI4K2A was highly expressed in COAD and the similar results were verified by qRT‐PCR. Survival analysis, utilizing Kaplan–Meier curves, revealed that COAD patients with high PI4K2A expression had a worse prognosis. In addition, PI4K2A expression was discovered to have been associated with T‐stage, N‐stage, and pathological stage by logistic analysis. Next, we utilized univariate and multifactorial Cox regression analyses to identify PI4K2A as an independent predictor. Additionally, GSEA analysis indicates that PI4K2A is enriched in MAPK signaling pathway, Toll‐like receptor signaling pathway, etc. In COAD, PI4K2A was remarkably associated with the tumor immune microenvironment. In addition, by constructing a TIDE model, we discovered that COAD patients in the PI4K2A low‐expression cohort were better treated with ICI. Finally, analysis of the CellMiner database predicted that PI4K2A was adversely correlated with the sensitivity of various anticancer drugs.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that PI4K2A may be a potential predictor of poor prognosis in COAD and a potential biomarker for early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Clinical outcomes and predictors in patients with previous cardiac surgery undergoing mitral valve transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair
Authors: De Felice Francesco , Paolucci Luca , Musto Carmine , Cifarelli Alberta , Grasso Carmelo , Tamburino Corrado , Adamo Marianna , Denti Paolo , Giordano Arturo , Bartorelli Antonio L. , Montorfano Matteo , Citro Rodolfo , Mongiardo Annalisa , Monteforte Ida , Maffeo Diego , Giannini Cristina , Crimi Gabriele , Tarantini Giuseppe , Rubbio Antonio P. , Bedogni Francesco
Published: May 2022

Background

Mitral‐valve transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (MV‐TEER) is recommended in patients with severe functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) and in those with degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) not eligible to traditional surgery. Patients with a history of previous cardiac surgery are considered at high risk for surgical reintervention, but data are lacking regarding procedural and clinical outcomes.

Objective

aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and clinical results of MV‐TEER in patients with previous cardiac surgery enrolled in the “multicentre Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology registry of transcatheter treatment of mitral valve regurgitation” (GIOTTO).

Methods

Patients with previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR), or mitral valve repair (MVR) were included. Those with multiple or combined previous cardiac surgeries were excluded. Clinical follow‐up was performed at 30 days, 1 year, and 2 years. The primary endpoint was a composite of death or rehospitalization at 1‐ and 2‐year follow‐ups.

Results

A total of 330 patients enrolled in the GIOTTO registry were considered (CABG 77.9%, AVR 14.2%, and MVR 7.9%). Most patients showed FMR (66.9%), moderate reduction of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, and signs of LV dilation. Procedural and device successes were 94.8% and 97%. At 1 and 2 years, the composite endpoint occurred are 29.1% and 52.4%, respectively. The composite outcome rates were similar across the three subgroups of previous cardiac surgery (p = 0.928) and between the FMR and DMR subgroups (p = 0.850) at 2 years. In a multivariate analysis, residual mitral regurgitation (rMR) ≥2+ was the main predictor of adverse events at 1 year (hazard ratio: 1.54 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.00–2.38]; p = 0.050). This association was confirmed at 2 years of Kaplan–Meier analysis (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

MV‐TEER is effective in these patients, regardless of the subtype of previous cardiac surgery and the MR etiology. An rMR ≥2+ is independently associated with adverse outcomes at 1‐year follow‐up.
Development of a Prediction Model for Gas Hydrate Formation in Multiphase Pipelines by Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Sayani Jai Krishna Sahith , Sivabalan Vinayagam , Foo Khor Siak , Pedapati Srinivasa Rao , Lal Bhajan
Published: May 2022

A prediction model is developed by means of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to determine the gas hydrate formation kinetics in multiphase gas dominant pipelines with crude oil. Experiments are conducted to determine the rate of formation and reaction kinetics of hydrates formation in multiphase systems. Based on the results, an artificial intelligence model is proposed to predict the gas hydrate formation rate in multiphase transmission pipelines. Two ANN models are suggested with single‐layer perceptron (SLP) and multilayer perceptron (MLP). The MLP shows more accurate prediction when compared to SLP. The models were predicted accurately with high prediction accuracy both for the pure and multiphase systems.
In Situ Copper Nanoparticles on Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO/Cu) for Biphasic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Aslan Emre , Hatay Patir Imren
Published: May 2022

Graphene‐based nanocomposites have attracted a tremendous attention, showing excellent performance in energy conversion applications, such as reduction of carbon dioxide and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a study on in situ generation Cu nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (rGO/Cu) by reducing simultaneously both graphene oxide and Cu2+ ions during the biphasic HER by organic sacrificial agent decamethylferrocene (DMFc) was reported. The in situ‐generated rGO/Cu catalyst was morphologically and structurally characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, respectively. The hydrogen evolution catalytic activity of rGO/Cu was investigated by using 4‐electrode voltammetry and two‐phase reaction methods. rGO/Cu nanocomposite catalyst displayed a better catalytic activity than the non‐catalyzed reaction and free‐Cu catalyst by enhancing the HER rate approximately 208‐ and 3‐times, respectively. The HER activity of rGO/Cu gave results comparable to the noble metallic and the other nanocomposite catalysts such as Pt, Pd, MoSx and their nanocomposites with carbon‐based materials.
Biolumineszenz – Teil 2: Maritime Biolumineszenz
Authors: Schramm Stefan , Weiß Dieter
Published: May 2022

Im zweiten Teil der Serie befassen wir uns mit der maritimen Biolumineszenz. Wir erkunden die Tiefsee der Weltmeere mit ihren leuchtenden Quallen, wir begeben uns nach Japan an die Küste der Toyama‐Bay, wo jedes Jahr im späten Frühling Dinoflagellaten und Leuchtkrebse ein Schauspiel bereiten. Schließlich werden wir feststellen, dass selbst Bakterien in der Lage sind zu leuchten und diese Fähigkeit innerhalb von symbiotischen Beziehungen auch anderen Lebewesen zur Verfügung stellen. Wie bereits im ersten Teil stellen wir die Biolumineszenz der einzelnen Organismen in ihrem entdeckungs‐historischen, ökologischen und geographischen Kontext vor und beleuchten detailliert die Mechanismen der dabei ablaufenden chemischen Reaktionen.
Ein sicherer Kohlenhydratnachweis
Authors: Rautenstrauch Hanne , Rebenstorff Anne , Gudenschwager Steffen , Ruppersberg Klaus
Published: May 2022

Die Molisch‐Probe ist ein schön anzusehender Kohlenhydratnachweis, welcher die Besonderheit aufweist, dass Pentosen von Hexosen sowie von Desoxyzuckern farblich unterschieden werden können. Der Einsatz von α‐Naphthol als Feststoff ist dabei als bedenklich anzusehen. Das Gefahrenpotenzial des Experiments kann durch einen verringerten Chemikalieneinsatz reduziert werden; außerdem kann entweder festes α‐Naphthol durch eine ethanolische Fertiglösung substituiert werden (Ersatzverfahren) oder alternativ der Naturstoff Carvacrol als Ersatzstoff verwendet werden. Unter Beachtung dieser Modifikationen ist die ‚neue‘ Molisch‐Reaktion (Carvacrol‐Reaktion) ein aussagekräftiger Schülerversuch, welcher mit einfachen Materialien umgesetzt werden kann.
SARAS: Secure resource allocation scheme for NOMA‐based device‐to‐device communication using coalition game and cognitive radio
Authors: Gupta Rajesh , Tanwar Sudeep
Published: May 2022

Device‐to‐device (D2D) is a fifth‐generation (5G) network's key technology which allows devices in proximity to communicate one‐to‐one without a base station (BS). Moreover, it ameliorates channel gain, communication latency, energy efficiency, and spectral efficiency. However, mitigating interference (D2D and cellular mobile users [CMUs]) and eavesdropper effect (at D2D links) is a prime concern in D2D communication. These issues can be resolved with an efficient allocation of radio resources. Cognitive radio (CR) and non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) are viable solutions to resolve the aforementioned issues. Motivated by the aforementioned discussion, in this paper, we propose a joint CR and NOMA‐based scheme, that is, SARAS for secure resource allocation in D2D communication. It aims to maximize the overall sum rate and secrecy capacity of D2D users with assured quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE). CR is used for pairing between strong and weak D2D users (i.e., D2D pair) and NOMA's successive interference cancelation (SIC) technique helps to reduce the interference effect between cellular and D2D users. We used a coalition game for efficient resource utilization, which transfers D2D users from one coalition to another based on the preference order and channel conditions. This landed D2D users in the best coalition having favorable channel conditions. We have executed the proposed SARAS scheme over the MATLAB simulation tool, considering a varying number of D2D and CMUs. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the traditional OFDMA, random, and nearest approaches concerning parameters such as sum rate and secrecy capacity.
Evaluation of advances in cortical development using model systems
Authors: Nano Patricia R. , Bhaduri Aparna
Published: May 2022

Compared with that of even the closest primates, the human cortex displays a high degree of specialization and expansion that largely emerges developmentally. Although decades of research in the mouse and other model systems has revealed core tenets of cortical development that are well preserved across mammalian species, small deviations in transcription factor expression, novel cell types in primates and/or humans, and unique cortical architecture distinguish the human cortex. Importantly, many of the genes and signaling pathways thought to drive human‐specific cortical expansion also leave the brain vulnerable to disease, as the misregulation of these factors is highly correlated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, creating a comprehensive understanding of human‐specific cognition and disease remains challenging. Here, we review key stages of cortical development and highlight known or possible differences between model systems and the developing human brain. By identifying the developmental trajectories that may facilitate uniquely human traits, we highlight open questions in need of approaches to examine these processes in a human context and reveal translatable insights into human developmental disorders.
Dual‐detection approach for a charge variant analysis of monoclonal antibody combination products using imaged capillary isoelectric focusing
Authors: Candreva Jason , Esterman Abbie L. , Ge Derek , Patel Pritesh , Flagg Shannon C. , Das Tapan K. , Li Xue
Published: May 2022

The clinical benefits of treatments with a combination of two or more therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged in recent years. Imaged capillary isoelectric focusing is a frequently used technology in the biopharmaceutical industry for charge variant analysis of protein therapeutics. However, with the wide concentration ranges of combination products, one component may fall within the linear detection range, whereas the other does not. Here, we report a novel methodology to explore charge variants of mAb mixtures using multiple detection techniques simultaneously. We use ultraviolet absorbance to monitor the charge variants of the high‐concentration component and native fluorescence (FL) to monitor the variants of the low‐concentration one. Charge variants of mixtures that span 40‐fold in ratio differences can be accurately quantified with this approach. In contrast to the conventional methods, it is not necessary to prepare and analyze two samples at different concentrations and combine the results for combination product testing. Additionally, the use of FL detection enables the charge variant analysis of highly potent/low abundant mAbs in a mixture. This methodology is more quality‐control friendly and efficient for the charge variant analysis of combination products with wide ratios.
Synthesis of free‐standing flexible g‐C3N4/MXene film as electrode materials for supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Guanghu , Gong Duohu , Yang Liming , Zheng Yi , Yue Yunkai , Wu Biao , Feng Yuxuan , Li Tong , Zhang Weixin , Jiang Xinhui
Published: May 2022

Flexible supercapacitors (SCs) have the advantages of high flexibility, high mechanical strength, easy assembly, and high power density, so SCs can be widely used in portable and wearable electronic devices. It is of great significance to research and develop high‐performance electrode materials in order to further improve the performance of SCs and expand their application fields. Here, we prepared a free‐standing flexible g‐C3N4/Ti3C2 hybrid film as electrode material for SCs by inserting two‐dimensional g‐C3N4 nanosheets between Ti3C2 layers‐based vacuum suction filtration methods. The addition of g‐C3N4 nanosheets effectively prevented the self‐stacking of MXene layers, significantly increasing the interlayer spacing of g‐C3N4/Ti3C2 hybrid film. The electrochemical results show that the mass specific capacity of 10 wt% g‐C3N4/Ti3C2 is as high as 552 F g−1 at the scanning rate of 2 mV s−1, which is 3.29 times higher than 168 F g−1 of Ti3C2, the capacity retention rate of 10 wt% g‐C3N4/Ti3C2 is 97% after 104 cycles at a current density of 3 A g−1.
Heat transfer augmentation of lithium‐ion battery packs by incorporating an interrupted fin arrangement
Authors: Chandra K Parthiv , Jishnu Ayyangatu Kuzhiyil , Garg Akhil , Panigrahi Bijaya Ketan , Singh Surinder
Published: May 2022

The performance, lifetime, and safety of electric vehicles (EVs) are highly reliant on the battery's capacity and temperature. Battery thermal management system (BTMS) involves techniques to control the battery's thermal behavior by maintaining temperature and temperature uniformity within an optimal range. Air cooling BTMS is frequently used in EVs due to its design simplicity and cost‐effectiveness. Only limited works have utilized passive convective heat transfer enhancement strategies for air‐cooled BTMS, especially fin‐based structures for cylindrical lithium‐ion battery packs. Present work introduces a novel design by incorporating the interrupted fins into a conventionally air‐cooled BTMS. The proposed design offers superior heat transfer efficiency as well as ease of manufacturing when compared to the existent herringbone fin design used in prior air‐cooled BTMS literature. Results indicate that the average temperature of the cells and maximum temperature difference were reduced by 5.646 and 7.958 K, respectively, by incorporating an optimal uniform interrupted fin arrangement. The average temperature of the cells was reduced by 0.479 K when the interrupted fins were added to increase the area, compared to 0.088 K for an equivalent area enhancement in a conventional fin. The uniform interrupted fin improved the temperature uniformity by 5.05%, but the area enhanced conventional fin deteriorated it by 1.59%. The non‐uniform interrupted fin arrangement, resulted in an improvement of 4.47%, over uniform interrupted fins, in the battery pack's temperature uniformity.
Thermodynamic research on the effect of CaO on the transformation of arsenic and sulfur in coal in different pyrolysis atmospheres
Authors: Zheng Jiaying , Gu Ying
Published: May 2022

This study investigates the influence of CaO on the transformation of arsenic and sulfur in coal in different pyrolysis atmospheres by thermodynamic equilibrium calculation by HSC Chemistry. The effect of water vapor and reaction pressure on the release of arsenic and sulfur‐related compounds was studied. The detailed As and S distribution between 0°C and 1600°C was explored. The results show that in reducing atmosphere and partly oxidative CO2 environment, arsenic and sulfur containing compounds show very different trendy with increasing temperature. CaO addition helps arsenic compounds to form Ca(AsO2)2 and Ca3(AsO4)2, and helps sulfur containing compounds to form CaSO4 and CaSO3. The temperature has a significant effect on the distribution of Ca‐As complexes and Ca‐S complexes. Ca(AsO2)2 and Ca3(AsO4)2 are formed below 600°C in N2, while in the CO2 atmosphere only Ca(AsO2)2 is found below 600°C. CaSO4 and CaSO3 exist below 600°C in N2, while they are formed above 600°C in CO2. Water vapor enhances the formation of all the Ca‐As complexes and Ca‐S complexes greatly both in N2. Organic sulfur compounds are hardly detected anymore in the N2 atmosphere with H2O addition. In both of N2 and CO2 atmosphere, rising pressure enhances the formation of Ca‐S complexes. For Ca‐As complexes, elevated pressure is favorable for As in coal to form Ca(AsO2)2.
Biocontrol yeast T‐2 improves the postharvest disease resistance of grape by stimulation of the antioxidant system
Authors: Wu Chenyang , Wang Yuci , Ai Dan , Li Zhuoran , Wang Yuanhong
Published: May 2022

Table grapes are susceptible to external pathogens during postharvest storage. The resulting continuous oxidative stress causes damage and aging, thereby reducing the defense against disease. In this study, the effect of biocontrol yeast T‐2 on the storage performance of grapes was evaluated. After T‐2 treatment, the grapefruits rot rate and lesion diameter caused by Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) were significantly decreased at 2–5 days after inoculation (DAI). Additionally, the browning rate and shedding rate of grapefruit during storage were significantly reduced at 2–5 DAI, and the weight loss rate was significantly reduced at 3–5 DAI. The decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in grapefruits at 1–5 DAI with T‐2 indicated a reduction in oxidative damage. Furthermore, the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), phenylalanin ammonia‐lyase (PAL) were significantly increased during most storage time after being treated with T‐2. Moreover, the contents of total phenolics and flavonoids and the expression levels of key enzyme genes in metabolic pathways were increased after T‐2 treatment during most postharvest storage time, providing evidence that T‐2 changed the biological process of phenolic flavonoid metabolism. The increase in enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants after treatment with T‐2 reflected the strengthening of the antioxidant system, hence postponing fruit senescence and promoting storage performance under the stress of B. cinerea.
Emerging evidence for astrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia
Authors: de Oliveira Figueiredo Eva Cristina , Calì Corrado , Petrelli Francesco , Bezzi Paola
Published: May 2022

Schizophrenia is a complex, chronic mental health disorder whose heterogeneous genetic and neurobiological background influences early brain development, and whose precise etiology is still poorly understood. Schizophrenia is not characterized by gross brain pathology, but involves subtle pathological changes in neuronal populations and glial cells. Among the latter, astrocytes critically contribute to the regulation of early neurodevelopmental processes, and any dysfunctions in their morphological and functional maturation may lead to aberrant neurodevelopmental processes involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, synaptogenesis, and glutamatergic and dopaminergic transmission. Studies of the mechanisms regulating astrocyte maturation may therefore improve our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
CPEB1 regulates the inflammatory immune response, phagocytosis, and alternative polyadenylation in microglia
Authors: Ivshina Maria P. , van 't Spijker Heleen M. , Jung Suna , Ponny Sithara Raju , Schafer Dorothy P. , Richter Joel D.
Published: May 2022

Microglia are myeloid cells of the central nervous system that perform tasks essential for brain development, neural circuit homeostasis, and neural disease. Microglia react to inflammatory stimuli by upregulating inflammatory signaling through several different immune cell receptors such as the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), which signals to several downstream effectors including transforming growth factor beta‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1). Here, we show that TAK1 levels are regulated by CPEB1, a sequence‐specific RNA binding protein that controls translation as well as RNA splicing and alternative poly(A) site selection in microglia. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binds the TLR4 receptor, which in CPEB1‐deficient mice leads to elevated expression of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), a microglial protein that increases with inflammation, and increased levels of the cytokine IL6. This LPS‐induced IL6 response is blocked by inhibitors of JNK, p38, ERK, NFκB, and TAK1. In contrast, phagocytosis, which is elevated in CPEB1‐deficient microglia, is unaffected by LPS treatment or ERK inhibition, but is blocked by TAK1 inhibition. These data indicate that CPEB1 regulates microglial inflammatory responses and phagocytosis. RNA‐seq indicates that these changes in inflammation and phagocytosis are accompanied by changes in RNA levels, splicing, and alternative poly(A) site selection. Thus, CPEB1 regulation of RNA expression plays a role in microglial function.
Analysis of drainage efficiency under extreme precipitation events based on numerical simulation
Authors: Wang Huiliang , Wang Haoyu , Li Hao , Faisal Muhammad , Zhang Yisheng
Published: May 2022

The recent increase in extreme climatic phenomena has gradually attracted the attention of researchers regarding urban flooding. This paper used a hydrological model combined with the Computational Fluid Dynamics software to assess the drainage efficiency, predict the hydrological processes under different precipitation intensities and establish the relationship between rainfall intensity and inundation depth under extreme rainstorm events. The study proposed several thresholds such as specific rainfall intensities (that is, RI95% and RI50%), drainage efficiency, and the limited flow rate of pipes. Based on 2021 July 20, 0:00 to 24:00 precipitation monitoring data from the “7.20 Zhengzhou Rainstorm Extreme Event,” the relationship between rainfall intensity and road‐pipe overflow patterns was determined by analysing these thresholds for different drainpipe diameters and spacings of catchment wells. The results demonstrated the evaluation parameters varied with rainfall intensities and pipe characteristics and revealed the main limitation of drainage efficiency and flow rate of drainpipes. The simulation helped the drainage systems design for different precipitations and proposed several relative suggestions for drainage‐system improvements, wherein the diameter of the branch pipes plays a dominant role in coping with extreme rainstorm events.
A case of traumatic urethral stricture complicated by periurethral abscess while awaiting delayed urethroplasty
Authors: Shinchi Masayuki , Horiguchi Akio , Takahashi Eiji , Kimura Fumihiro
Published: May 2022

Introduction

We report a case of bulbar urethral injury complicated by periurethral abscess due to inappropriate suprapubic catheter management.

Case presentation

A 58‐year‐old man with bulbar urethral injury due to perineal trauma was referred to our hospital, and a suprapubic catheter was inserted for initial management. Although he was instructed to connect the catheter to the urine collection bag, he connected a plug to the catheter. As a result, he developed periurethral abscesses due to extravasated urine from the injured urethra, requiring percutaneous drainage and prolonging the time to definitive urethroplasty for the urethral stricture.

Conclusion

It is essential that the suprapubic catheter be connected to a urine collection bag rather than a plug to keep the bladder as empty as possible and to minimize extravasation of the urine from the injured urethra.
Community perspectives on developmental screening of American Indian and Alaska Native children
Authors: Whitesell Nancy Rumbaugh , Howley Caitlin Trucksess , Asdigian Nancy L. , Clifford Carrie , Senehi Neda , Sarche Michelle ,   The Tribal Early Childhood Research Center PEDS Community of Learning
Published: May 2022

Children are highly regarded and treasured as the future of American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities. Developmental disorders, however, are more frequently undiagnosed and untreated in AIAN children compared to others in the United States. Developmental screening can help communities ensure that their children reach their full potential, but lack of culturally sensitive and valid screening measures complicates screening among AIAN children. This can, in turn, delay access to early intervention and undermine the ability of AIAN communities to support children's optimal development. This study explored families’ and professionals’ perceptions of screening systems and processes in AIAN communities and to identify gaps and opportunities. A total of 53 interviews and 23 focus groups were conducted with 157 parents and early childcare professionals in four AIAN communities. A conceptual framework to describe systems of screening for young children was developed by AIAN early childhood program partners and early childhood researchers working together on a Tribal Early Childhood Research Center Community of Learning; this framework guided study design and interview guides. Transcripts were coded for themes in alignment with the conceptual framework; 13 key themes and 81 subthemes were identified. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for enhancing screening efforts in Tribal communities.
Composition‐selective full inclusion host–guest interaction of azobenzene‐containing photoresponsive nanoring with fullerene C60
Authors: Yuan Kun , Li Mengyang , Zhao Yaoxiao , Liu Yanzhi , Zhao Xiang
Published: May 2022

By means of density functional theory calculations, the encapsulation capabilities of a series of azobenzen‐containing photoresponsive nanoring hosts (labeled as host 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 according to the number of the azo unit, respectively) for fullerene C60 were surveyed. Interestingly and abnormally, it is found that the host 5, of which the diameter is only 1.218 nm, can form stable full inclusion complex with C60. However, irrespective of their cavity sizes (11.98 ~ 12.94 Å) of the hosts, the structures 1 ~ 4 and 6 were all disable to form inclusion complex with C60. In this paper, the group‐number‐composition‐selective full inclusion host‐guest interaction of the azobenzene‐containing nanorings with fullerene C60 is firstly presented. The calculated interaction energies, together with the detection and visualization of the weak interaction regions, provided evidences for the host‐guest binding based on relative strong repulsion interaction in the full inclusion complex. Analysis on the frontier orbital feature of the host‐guest systems suggests that under the electron excited condition, the chemical activity may be transferred from host 5 to guest C60 by formation of the floating host‐guest complex, and the chemical reactivity of the host 5 can be passivated via formation of the full inclusion host‐guest complex. Additionally, UV–vis–NIR and 1H NMR spectra of the hosts before and after the formations of the complexes have been simulated and discussed qualitatively, which may be helpful for further experimental investigations in future.
Early detection of ischemic brain injuries by diffusion‐weighted imaging after radiofrequency ablation for fetal reduction in monochorionic pregnancies
Authors: Moradi Behnaz , Badraqe Narges , Rahimi_sharbaf Fatemeh , Firouznia Kavous , Shirazi Mahboobeh , Kazemi Mohammad Ali , Rahimi Rahil
Published: May 2022

Background

This study aimed to investigate the additional advantages of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) over fetal ultrasound in the detection of acute ischemic cerebral injuries in complicated monochorionic (MC) pregnancies that underwent selective reduction by radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Methods

This prospective cohort study was conducted on 40 women with complicated MC pregnancies who were treated by RFA. Fetal brain imaging by DWI and conventional MRI was performed either in the early (within 10 days after RFA) or late phase (after 3–6 weeks) in the surviving fetuses to detect both acute and chronic ischemic injuries. The presence of anemia after RFA was also evaluated by Doppler ultrasound.

Results

Overall, 13 of the total 43 fetuses (30.23%) demonstrated MRI abnormalities with normal brain ultrasound results including germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH), extensive cerebral ischemia, and mild ventriculomegaly. Although seven fetuses with GMH eventually survived, fetuses that demonstrated ischemic lesions and ventriculomegaly on MRI died in the uterus.

Conclusion

The absence of abnormal cerebral lesions or anemia on ultrasound and Doppler exams does not necessarily rule out fetal brain ischemia. Performing early MRI, particularly DWI seems to be a reasonable option for detection of early intracranial ischemic changes and better management of complicated multiple pregnancies which were treated by RFA.
Diagnosis and treatment planning using the 2017 classification of periodontal diseases among three dental schools
Authors: Gandhi Kaveri K. , Katwal Diksha , Chang Jennifer , Blanchard Steven , Shin Daniel , Maupome Gerardo , Eckert George J. , John Vanchit
Published: May 2022

Objectives

The American Academy of Periodontology and the European Federation of Periodontology developed a new classification system for periodontal diseases in 2017. The next step in its widespread implementation involves training dental students to improve consistency in clinical decisions. This study conducted in 2020–2021 aimed to evaluate knowledge in periodontal diagnosis and treatment planning using the new classification, among first, second, third‐ and fourth‐year dental students at Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston (UTSD), and University of Louisville School of Dentistry (ULSD).

Methods

A minimum of 20 dental students per class year from each of the three schools participated. Ten HIPPA de‐identified case records and a questionnaire with a fixed list of answer options, comprising two demographic questions and two questions on diagnosis and treatment planning of each case, were presented to the participants. A group of three board‐certified periodontists established the answers for all cases which were used to score the appropriateness of diagnosis and treatment planning among the participants.

Results

A total of 263 students participated. Overall, 22.6% of IUSD responses, 25.2% of UTSD, and 27.6% of ULSD responses were correct for diagnosis (no statistically significant differences). For the treatment plan, 64.9% of IUSD responses, 66.2% of UTSD, and 68.9% of ULSD responses were correct (no statistically significant differences).

Conclusion

Based on the findings from our study, we suggest that additional training be considered to improve the understanding of the 2017 classification of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases among dental students.
Genomic surveillance of the Lambda SARS‐CoV‐2 variant in a global phylogenetic context
Authors: Mestanza Orson , Lizarraga Wendy , Padilla‐Rojas Carlos , Jimenez‐Vasquez Víctor , Hurtado Verónica , Molina Iris S. , Barcena Luis , Acedo Steve , Nuñez Alicia , Gordillo Sara , Sevilla Nieves , Medrano Princesa , Bailon Henri , Cáceres Omar , Galarza Marco , Rojas‐Serrano Nancy , Vargas‐Herrera Natalia , Lope‐Pari Priscila , Huayra Joseph , Araujo‐Castillo Roger V. , Solari Lely
Published: May 2022

The massive sequencing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and global genomic surveillance strategies allowed the detection of many variants of concern and interest. The variant of interest Lambda (C.37), which originated in South America, has been the most prevalent in Peru and Chile, but its dispersion in other continents still remains unknown. The current study aims to determine the phylogenetic relationship among C.37 isolates worldwide, focusing on spike mutations to understand the spread of Lambda in pandemics. A total of 7441 sequences identified as C.37 were downloaded from the GISAID database; local analysis was carried out to identify spike mutations and phylogenetic analysis was carried out to determine the rate of spread of the virus. Our results showed some spike mutations of Lambda that allowed us to detect small local outbreaks in different countries that occurred in the past and identify several clades that have not yet been designated. Although the lineage C.37 is not epidemiologically relevant in Europe or North America, the endemic behavior of this variant in Peru had a major impact on the second SARS‐CoV‐2 wave.