bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANIMASI AUGMENTED REALITY PENGENALAN HEWAN MAMALIA EUTHERIA (BERPLASENTA) SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ANAK
Authors: Firdaus Muhammad , Pramono Anang , Riana Nur Mazuwinas
Published: June 2023

Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki beragam flora dan fauna yang tersebar di seluruh daerah. Salah satunya jenis hewan yang dimiliki adalah mamalia. Pengenalan hewan mamalia kepada anak melalui aplikasi komputer sudah banyak dilakukan melalui aplikasi desktop, web, youtube dll. Namun pengenalan hewan melalui teknologi AR (Augmented Reality) dirasakan masih terbatas. AR merupakan sintesis dari citra nyata dan virtual, yang dapat menggunakan smartphone android. AR dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran interaktif yang dapat menampilkan bentuk hewan secara 3D. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah mengembangkan pembelajaran hewan mamalia eutheria (berplasenta) untuk anak-anak berbasis AR. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengembangan aplikasi tersebut adalah Goal Direct Design(GDD). Desain dan skenario dibuat dengan menggunakan Hierarcycal Task Analysys (HTA). Adapun pengujian tingkat kegunaan prototipe dan aplikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Quality in Use Integrated Measurement(QUIM ). Dari hasil uji prototipe dan aplikasi kepada 30 responden, diperoleh hasil nilai persentase 78% dan 89%, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat kegunaan dan penerapan pembelajaran mengenal mamalia telah sesuai dengan karakteristik anak usia 4-8 tahun
Better Options
Authors: Johnson Eric J.
Published: June 2023

Everyone wants to make good decisions. What prevents that from happening? We have a hidden partner whenever we make a choice, and that partner has made decisions about how to present the options to us. Think of a web page—the designer has decided where to put different buttons, the order of things, and the colors used.
FSS-Net: A Fast Search Structure for 3D Point Clouds in Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Zhuang Yan , Liu Yisha
Published: June 2023

Article
FSS-Net: A Fast Search Structure for 3D Point Clouds in Deep Learning

Jiawei Wang 1, Yan Zhuang 1,*, and Yisha Liu 2,*

1 School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2 Information Science and Technology College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
* Correspondence: zhuang@dlut.edu.cn; liuyisha@dlmu.edu.cn
 
 
Received: 5 April 2023
Accepted: 5 May 2023
Published: 23 June 2023
 

Abstract: The deep learning methods achieve good results in the semantic segmentation and classification of the 3D point clouds. The popular convolutional neural networks illustrate the importance of using the neighboring information of the points. Searching the neighboring points is an important process that can get the context information of each point. The K-nearest neighbor (KNN) search and ball query methods are usually used to find the neighboring points, but a long time is required to construct the KD-tree and calculate the Euclidean distance. In this work, we introduce a fast approach (called the voxel search) to finding the neighbors, where the key is to use the voxel coordinates to search the neighbors directly. However, it is difficult to apply this method directly to the general network structure such as the U-net. In order to improve its applicability, the corresponding up-sampling and down-sampling methods are proposed. Additionally, we propose a fast search structure network (FSS-net) which consists of the feature extraction layer and the sampling layer. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the FSS-net, we conduct experiments on a single object in both indoor and outdoor environments. The speed of the voxel search approach is compared with that of the KNN and ball query. The experimental results show that our method is faster and can be directly applied to any point-based deep learning networks.
Gender and Legend in Rural Iceland in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
Authors: Magnúsdóttir Júlíana Th.
Published: June 2023

The folk narrative archives, with their large amounts of source material, can provide valuable new insights into the narrative traditions of the past. This also applies to the legend traditions of women in former times and their relationship with women's experiences and social reality. This article examines common features found in the legend repertoires of 200 Icelandic women born in the late nineteenth century, which are kept in the Icelandic sound archives. These features are compared to those observed in the repertoires of a small sample of men found in the same archives; the aim is to establish whether and how the legends told by men and women differ. The key findings are that certain elements clearly differ significantly across gender lines, including preferences for different types of narratives, subjects, and choice of characters, highlighting the very different social realities of men and women in the past.
“Urgencies” in the Field: Three Perspectives
Authors: Richardson Thomas Grant , Kay Jon , Owens Maida , Frandy Tim
Published: June 2023

Taken from a virtual presentation at the 2021 annual meeting of the American Folklore Society, three folklorists come together to present their ongoing work under the auspices of “urgencies of the field.” Jon Kay concerns himself with the urgencies of our temporal, corporeal bodies, in addressing creativity in older adults and offering suggestions for cross-pollination between folklore studies and gerontology and creative aging. Maida Owens focuses on climate change and the radical displacement of communities, turning to the concern of what happens to cultural traditions when the people of a community must relocate. Grounded in Indigenous approaches, Tim Frandy considers a decolonizing of our minds with real-world applications that guide us toward better stewardship of the natural world and better physical and mental health practices. Three folklorists, working within the intersectionality of public and academic spheres, and expanding the reach and impact of folklore's work, are finding ways to use their skills and knowledge to address unwelcome urgencies in our world.
Lutto, silenzi e omissioni: la 'Vita nova' fra vissuto e poetato
Authors: Keen Catherine
Published: June 2023

This essay reflects on Dante's exploration of the theme of mourning in the Vita nova. It draws on critical approaches proposed by Giorgio Agamben, on the challenges of concluding poetic works, and by Nicola Gardini, on the eloquence of the unsaid, to review how Dante's organization of a unified narrative text still leaves space for inarticulacy, silences and omissions that together underline the difficulty of voicing sorrow in poetic form. As the ending of the Vita nova projects Dante's "book of memory" forward towards future as well as past experiences, biographical and poetic, his poetics of mourning for Beatrice become closely imbricated with the eloquence of what is not (yet) uttered.
Questo saggio riflette sull'esplorazione dantesca del tema del lutto nella Vita nova. Attingendo agli approcci critici proposti da un lato da Giorgio Agamben, sulle difficoltà di concludere un'opera poetica, e dall'altro da Nicola Gardini, sull'eloquenza del non detto, esso esamina come l'organizzazione dantesca di un testo narrativo unitario lasci ancora spazio all'inarticolazione, ai silenzi e alle omissioni, che insieme sottolineano la difficoltà di dare voce al dolore in forma poetica. Poiché il finale della Vita nova proietta il "libro della memoria" di Dante verso esperienze passate e future, biografiche e poetiche, la sua poetica del lutto per la morte di Beatrice si lega strettamente alla retorica del non (ancora) detto.
Elementi di "fiorentinità" nel racconto della 'Vita nova': il caso esemplare del paragrafo XXII
Authors: Lombardo Luca
Published: June 2023

The article explores traits in the Vita nova's intellectual framework that can be considered distinctively Florentine, discussing aspects both of its context – the work's audience and its place of composition – and of its literary contents. The latter comprise not only narrative components such as the story's setting, the identity of its protagonists, and the characteristic anthropological and cultural tenor of the plot's events, but also the stylistic and rhetorical connotations and linguistic features of both its prose and its lyric components. Using this methodology, the essay focuses on an exemplary passage that offers insight into the semantic function performed in the libello by the evocation of specifically Florentine urban and cultural spaces: paragraph XXII's account of the death of Beatrice's father. Here, the book's pervasive expressions of mourning reach their culmination in a sort of "municipal elegy", in a chapter that also offers what is perhaps the most recognizable evocation of the presence of Florence in the whole of the Vita nova.
Il contributo prende in esame quegli elementi di "fiorentinità" che caratterizzano il paradigma intellettuale della Vita nova, tanto negli aspetti che pertengono al contesto, come il luogo di composizione dell'opera e il suo pubblico, quanto negli aspetti intrinseci del testo letterario, a partire dalle coordinate diegetiche, come l'ambientazione del racconto, l'identità dei personaggi, la tipicità antropologico-culturale dei riti descritti, fino alle connotazioni stilistico-retoriche e all'impianto linguistico del dettato prosastico e di quello lirico. Da tale specola metodologica, l'ipotesi di lavoro è verificata su un passo esemplare della funzione semantica assolta dallo spazio urbano e culturale di Firenze nel libello, laddove Dante sembra voler delineare una sorta di "elegia comunale", che attraverso i lutti di cui il racconto vitanoviano è costellato raggiunge nel paragrafo XXII sulla morte del padre di Beatrice il proprio acme espressivo, nonché il punto forse di maggiore riconoscibilità della presenza di Firenze nella Vita nova.
Le forme metriche nella 'Vita nova'
Authors: Camboni Maria Clotilde
Published: June 2023

This article discusses some aspects of Dante's Vita nova which are related to metrical or formal matters and that have bearing upon the prose commentary. It first reviews the role of deviations from the standard, considered on the one hand in the contemporary panorama and on the other hand with regard to the narrative context. Secondly, it analyses the Vita nova's rather sparing use of specifically metrical terminology. Finally, it explores the variable relationships between Dante's logical and thematic segmenting of lyric content in his divisioni, and the corresponding internal structures of the different metrical forms that he employed.
Il contributo prende in esame alcuni aspetti del prosimetro giovanile dantesco legati alla dimensione metrico-formale che entrano in relazione con la prosa di autocommento. La prima questione affrontata è quella del ruolo dell'anomalia, da un lato rispetto al panorama coevo e dall'altro nel contesto narrativo. Viene poi analizzato l'uso dantesco (qui assai parco) della terminologia specifica della metrica. Infine, si investiga la relazione tra le partizioni logico-tematiche individuate dalle divisioni dantesche e le articolazioni interne delle diverse forme metriche utilizzate.
Indicazioni per una nuova lettura di 'Voi che ’ntendendo' in 'Messer Brunetto, questa pulzelletta'?
Authors: Ciccuto Marcello
Published: June 2023

In this essay, I propose an interpretive hypothesis for the sonnet Messer Brunetto as a guide-text for Voi che 'ntendendo, whereby Dante encourages his addressee to read the canzone in a radically new spirit, notably different to the interpretation previously offered in the second book of Convivio, closer to the canzone's composition date. In this sonnet's new reading, Dante seems to offer revised insight into the relationship between Reason and Faith, or between profane and sacred philosophy; a modification that can be traced through reflection on some of the situations encapsulated in Purgatorio XXXI and Paradiso VIII. In addition, I propose a possible solution for the identity of the person that the sonnet names as messer Giano.
Con questo saggio propongo di interpretare il sonetto dantesco Messer Brunetto come testo di accompagnamento della canzone Voi che 'ntendendo, affinché questa possa esser letta dal destinatario in modo profondamente rinnovato rispetto al momento in cui detta canzone fu composta e collocata nella compagine del secondo libro del Convivio. Questa nuova lettura – suggerirebbe Dante – dovrebbe risultare illuminata dal mutato rapporto tra Ragione e Fede, filosofia umana e filosofia divina che è documentabile attraverso alcune situazioni configurate in Purgatorio XXXI e Paradiso VIII. Si propone altresì un'identificazione del personaggio che si cela sotto la spoglia di messer Giano.
Dante e le regole del lutto. Postilla a margine di 'Convivio' II xii 7
Authors: Maldina Nicolò
Published: June 2023

In different sections of several works, Dante narrates how he fell in love with the so-called "donna pietosa e gentile" (noble and compassionate woman). This article offers a reading of the episode in relation to two possible sources from Andreas Cappellanus' De amore. By comparing the Dantean passages with the conventional late-medieval rules for love, the article aims to provide a new evaluation of the changing moral emphasis that Dante brings to formulating judgement on his love for the "donna gentile", across these different works.
L'articolo propone una lettura di alcuni luoghi delle opere dantesche inerenti l'episodio dell'innamoramento per la cosiddetta "donna pietosa e gentile" alla luce di due possibili ipotesti derivanti dal De amore di Andrea Cappellano. L'intento è quello di dimostrare come il confronto di questi brani danteschi con l'etica erotica tardomedievale permetta di meglio definire il giudizio morale di volta in volta formulato da Dante su quest'innamoramento.
Indice dei manoscritti
Authors: Ravera Giulia
Published: June 2023

Index of manuscripts to the volume Dante e il prosimetro. Dalla 'Vita nova' al 'Convivio', a cura di Paolo Borsa e Anna Maria Cabrini, Milano, Università degli Studi, 2022 ("Quaderni di Gargnano", 5).
Indice dei manoscritti del volume Dante e il prosimetro. Dalla 'Vita nova' al 'Convivio', a cura di Paolo Borsa e Anna Maria Cabrini, Milano, Università degli Studi, 2022 ("Quaderni di Gargnano", 5).
Diospyros saldanhae (Ebenaceae): Addition to the flora of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Arumugam Senniappan
Published: June 2023

Diospyros saldanhae Kosterm. (Ebenaceae), an endemic species to Western Ghats is being reported here for the first time in the state of Tamil Nadu from Anamalais and Nilgiri hills. A detailed description, and herbarium images of the species are provided to facilitate easy field identification and further research.
A tulajdon és az igazságosság viszonya Hume-nál
Authors: Lehr János
Published: June 2023

Tanulmányomban David Hume tulajdonnal foglalkozó téziseit elemzem, különös tekintettel a John Locke-kal szemben megfogalmazott kritikájára. Amellett érvelek, hogy Hume elmélete nem egyszerűen Locke tételeinek cáfolata akart lenni, hanem az eredeti teória egy sajátos, modernizált változata is. Írásom első részében bemutatom, miért nyújtanak szignifikáns segítséget Hume érzelmekről szóló fejtegetései társadalomfilozófiájának alaposabb megértésében. A második részében ismertetem Locke és Hume tulajdonelméleteinek legfontosabb hasonlóságait és ellentéteit. A harmadik részében pedig felvázolom Hume gazdaságfilozófiai teóriájának azon alapvetéseit, melyek kora úttörő elképzelései voltak.
Perspektif Politik Lingkungan dalam Membangun Transportasi Publik Berkelanjutan
Authors: Pramesi Pulina Nityakanti , Herdiansyah Herdis , Aminah Siti
Published: June 2023

The development of sustainable public transportation is important to overcome environmental problems. In various parts of the world, the development of sustainable public transportation has begun to become a concern. Unfortunately, the development in Depok City has not received serious attention, especially from the government as a policy maker. This article will discuss the low political will of stakeholders in Depok City which will be discussed in the perspective of Environmental Politics. This study uses qualitative descriptive method to describe the political will of actors in Depok City in realizing sustainable development, especially in the field of transportation. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, policy studies, literature studies, and observation which were then analyzed qualitatively using descriptive analysis methods. The results show that the Depok City Government has used the term green transportation in its policies. However, these policies have not been implemented properly, so the problem of green public transportation in Depok City has not been resolved to this day.
Kesediaan Membayar Terhadap Layanan Battery Tram Koridor Kuta, Bali
Authors: Pratikto Fransiscus Rian
Published: June 2023

The Government of Bali is planning to develop a battery tram mass rapid transport in the Kuta area as an effort to resolve severe congestion problem in that area. This research aims to measure consumers’ willingness to pay for the battery tram services in the Kuta corridor. The willingness to pay is measured using a survey based stated preference technique, the Contingent Valuation Method, with the Dichotomous Choice with Follow Up elicitation technique. An electronic survey targeting local residences and tourists that are considered potential users managed to collect 635 data. The survival analysis statistical technique is used to measure the willingness to pay assuming a lognormal distribution. The Survival Package from R software is used to produce the price-response function. The result shows that 50% of local residents are willing to pay up to Rp978/km, while 50% of tourists are willing to pay up to Rp4,402/km for the battery tram services. In general, the price-response curve shows that tourists are willing to pay Rp3,000-Rp5,000/km higher than local residents, most of the respondents that are reluctant to use the battery tram consider the offered prices in the CVM questionnaire too high or tend to avoid using public transport for health reason following the Covid-19 pandemic.
Kepuasan Pengguna Jasa Terminal Angkutan Umum di Bangka Selatan
Authors: Apriliani Sari , Ricardianto Prasadja , Amonalisa Siska , Handayani Sri , Tatiana Yana
Published: June 2023

Toboali Public Transportation Terminal is one of the most important terminals in South Bangka Regency due to the route access of public transportation in Toboali as the capital of Bangka- Belitung Province. Each public transport to Sadai Port area and to Pangkal Pinang City will go through this terminal. The purpose of the study is to determine and analyze the level of service quality toward the users satisfaction at Toboali Terminal in South Bangka Regency. There are some main problems which are; the traffic flow continues to become denser, some terminal facilities are inadequate, the schedule of public transportation arrival in the terminal is not precise, the late response to terminal internal condition, and lame security condition in the terminal. The sample used in this study was 50 respondents. The data analysis technique used Customer Satisfaction Index method which aims to determine the level of service users satisfaction. Based on the calculation of Customer Satisfaction Index, the results obtained in the form of the level of service users satisfaction with the quality of Toboali Terminal services. The level of passenger respondents satisfaction is 67% where the value is in range of 0.66-0.80. It means that overall passenger respondents are satisfied. Reliability is the dimension of the highest level of satisfaction with the quality of service at Toboali Terminal.
Integrated Port Time Control for Shipping Companies
Authors: Aji Asyqar Prabowo , Raga Paulus , Pahala Yosi , Ricardianto Prasadja , Abidin Zaenal
Published: June 2023

As the busiest port in Indonesia, Tanjung Priok port has a hard time to achieve the target to maximize ship utility through operational cost savings. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting Integrated Port Time (IPT) in order to reduce the shipping companies operating costs in Tanjung Priok Port, Jakarta. Controllable and uncontrollable IPT is influenced by five variables which are the availability of the docks, the shipping lane conditions, the document services, the guidance services, and the loading-unloading productivity. This study focuses on the factors that affect IPT in domestic area of Terminal 3 Tanjung Priok Port Jakarta in particular. It is related to how IPT could contribute to the efficiency of national companies operations in general if the duration is shortened. This study used Path Analysis method with a total sample of 70 people from the operational team and the crew of Temas shipping company. The results of the study prove that five variables mentioned have a positive and significant impact altogether on IPT of the ships operated by Temas shipping company in Tanjung Priok port in Jakarta. The findings are expected to be useful to cut down Temas shipping company’s operational cost and increase the ships utility.
The Airport Wildlife Control Unit Design as the Safety Measure
Authors: Wijaya M. Rifqi Andika , Lestary Dwi , Wagini Dini , Aswia Pangsa Rizkina
Published: June 2023

Safety is the main goal that should be achieved in the aircraft operation activities. Birds and other wild animals could give a serious impact to the aircraft operation activities that could endanger the safety and secure activities of aviation. For this reason, wildlife hazard management is very important to reduce the impact. The goal of the wildlife hazard implementation is one of the efforts to secure the Airport Wildlife Control Unit by manipulating the animals’ behavior of their habitats. Based on the regulation of Director General of Air Transportation, Number: SKEP/42/III/2010 Advisory Circular CASR 139-03, the wildlife hazard management is in the area of airport. This research was done by conducting the needs assessment of stakeholder groups to find out the needs related to AWCU. After getting the data, the product design and validation were carried out by experts in the field of safety management system. The results are to form the AWCU and develop procedures to handle wild animals. The aim of the Research and Development is to describe the formation of the Airport Wildlife Control Unit by identifying potential danger of birds and wild animals attack, implementing the habitat management, by conducting birds and wild animals’ surveillance and coordinating with related units.
Program Tol Laut pada Pengiriman Logistik di Wilayah Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Awaluddin Awaluddin , Setiawan Danny
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine the impact of the implementation of the sea toll program in providing logistics in Southeast Sulawesi Province. The data collection method was carried out through field surveys and questionnaires. The technique of determining respondents uses purposive sampling techniques. The data analysis method uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The results show that the consistency of the government in policies and determining the port of sea toll ships resulted so that the return cargo activities of commodities or local agricultural and marine products still used expeditionary shipping, and socialization to the community was not maximized to utilize marine toll program. From the analysis, it is concluded that the maritime highway program is very effective with a weight of 0.287823083. Strategies that must be prioritized in supporting effectiveness are cost factors and route factors with sub-factors; container subsidies, handling fees, shipping frequency, and travel time.
Perancangan Tata Letak Gudang Tipe Aktiva Tetap Tidak Beroperasi
Authors: Rinaldy Ravi Prananda , Iskandar Yelita Anggiane
Published: June 2023

The Non-Operating Fixed Assets I Warehouse of Menes Baru substation used randomized storage that caused a lot of different types materials were stacked on top of each other and placed in sparsed random locations created inefficient order picking process. To solve the problem, the facility layout design using dedicated storage concept is created to minimize the order picking distance at the ATTB I Warehouse of Menes Baru substation. This research was conducted in several stages. There were (1) identifying materials and the flow patterns, including Materials Handling Equipment , (2) determining storage methods and options, and (3) analyzing activities using Activity Relationship Chart and Activity Relationship Diagram. The result shows that the recommended flow pattern material for the ATTB I Warehouse of Menes Baru substation is a U-shaped model. In addition, based on the results of the numerical scenario comparison test of order picking distances, the proposed layout using the dedicated storage concept of the ATTB I Warehouse of Menes Baru substation, could decrease the distances of order picking activity by 34% compared to the initial layout usin the randomized storage concept.
Loyalitas dan Kepuasan Penumpang Kereta Api Argo Parahyangan
Authors: Triono Agus , Hidayat Masjraul , Setyawati Aswanti , Handayani Susanty , Tatiana Yana
Published: June 2023

This research aims to measure service quality and timeliness which has an impact on passenger loyalty and passenger satisfaction on the Argo Parahyangan train. Some problems, such as the frequency of use of the Bandung-Jakarta Argo Parahyangan Railway transportation services, have not shown a minimum limit every weekend. There is still a difference between the departure and actual arrival of the Argo Parahyangan train against the schedule that has been set. The arrangement of the operating plan has not been maximized due to limited facilities. Research with a sample of 89 respondents and data analysis method using the method of path analysis. The results show that passenger satisfaction can mediate the indirect effect of service quality on passenger loyalty. Passenger satisfaction is able to mediate the indirect effect of punctuality on passenger loyalty. The key finding of this research is the perception of passengers who feel they have never received other services as comfortable as rail transportation and state that they will not switch to using rail transportation.
Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Berhentinya Program Bus Rapid Transit
Authors: Adi Wiwit Bayu , Safitri Selvia Syafni
Published: June 2023

The research was inspired by the cessation of Bus Rapid Transit program in Mataram which basically the program first goal was to facilitate the Mataram people’s mobility and activities to travel. In addition, the Bus Rapid Transit program, commonly referred to as Trans Mataram Bus, was also aimed to reduce congestion and the number of private vehicles. By reducing the private vehicles on the road, it was expected that the air pollution would also be reduced. The fact that the program is no longer running, considering the large fund spent to build the program and some goals mentioned, this research aim is to find out why the Mataram Bus Rapid Transit program is currently not running using the perception of Mataram people. The research method used Descriptive with a Quantitative approach. The data was taken using observation, interview, literature review and questionnaire. The results show that the Bus Rapid Transit program in Mataram is not working due to the lack of public interest in public transportation services. There are some reasons related which are the Bus Rapid Transit routes or services, at that time, did not cover all areas in Mataram, there is no specific lane for Bus Rapid Transit, the location of the bus stop is far from the residential area and the lack of socialization related to the program so that many communities did not get clear information.
Exploring the Caves of Armenia by the First Official U.S. Caving Expedition (2007-2013)
Authors: Chavdarian Charles G. , Davtyan Smbat , Shahinyan Samvel
Published: June 2023

The first U.S. caving expedition to Armenia, the South Caucasus, by NSS cavers took place in August 2007. Subsequent expeditions took place in 2010, 2011, and 2013, with additional trips planned for the future. The goal is the exploration and photo-documentation of the caves of Armenia, and to increase awareness of its underground realms. Although, in the past, there had been a few known caving expeditions to Armenia, overall little information existed.  In addition, Armenia’s local caving community is small in number.  As a result, this topic was studied and the first official US caving expedition to Armenia was organized in 2007. During the first expedition, four of Armenia’s significant natural caves were explored in the province of Vayots Dzor: Mozrov Cave, Arjeri Cave (Cave of the Bears), Mageli Cave, and Karmir Cave (Red Cave). Man-made caves were also visited.  Subsequent trips to Armenia in 2010, 2011, and 2013 included (1) further exploration of Mozrov, Arjeri, and Mageli caves, (2) a cave trip to the neighboring independent Armenian Republic of Nagorno-Karabagh to explore Azokh Cave, and (3) the exploration of several caves in the northeast Armenian provinces of Tavush and Lori. Natural caves consisting of limestone, conglomerate, and lava were explored during these expeditions.  Also, a number of man-made caves were visited, some of which were used as churches in centuries past.  This article summarizes the four expeditions and discusses both the natural and man-made caves of Armenia. I beleive the article will be interesting to builders, gas pipelines and road engineers. In practice, it can be used by travel agencies and individual tourists, as well as by all lovers of underground monuments of nature and culture.
Rupestrian Works and Artificial Cavities: Categories of Construction Techniques
Authors: Bixio Roberto , De Pascale Andrea , Galeazzi Carla , Parise Mario
Published: June 2023

Artificial cavities, i.e. man-made structures excavated within rock masses in the mountains, below the ground, or in the subsoil of urban areas, are typically distinguished based upon the epoch of realization and the function for which they were originally used. They can be ranked into the following types, in turn divided in sub-classes: hydraulic works, dwelling works, worship works, war works, mining works, transit way works and others. The above criteria are essential for establishing a general common line aimed at providing optimal elements for cataloguing and comparing subterranean features, which may favor the creation of databases functional to knowledge, protection and enhancement of the hypogean works. In addition, there is another useful aspect for studying the origin and evolution of underground structures that takes into account their implementation modalities. The National Commission on Artificial Cavities of the Italian Speleological Society has identified, according to its experience in the field and in function of the construction techniques, six general categories of underground works: cavities dug in the subsoil, cavities built in the subsoil, cavities obtained by re-cover, anomalous artificial cavities, mixed artificial cavities and natural caves modified by men (anthropized caves). In this contribution we will discuss the specific details of each category, thus extending the concept of rupestrian heritage, usually confined to temples or dwellings carved in the rock, to a culture of building in "negative" that finds larger and more diversified evidences.
Strategi Pengelolaan Kepemimpinan dan Perubahan Organisasi
Authors: Yusnita Reni , Aslami Nuri
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine the leadership and change management prosedures in an organization. The type of research conducted is a literature study, which aims to collect books and data and other written information related to the discussion of the problem under study. Sources of data from books, magazines and articles. Data collection was carried out using a literature search method using primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. Legal materials will be investigated and analyzed using the approach used in this investigation to answer legal questions in this investigation. The research results of prosedures to lead change are 1) accelerating change in the future, 2) leading the vortex of change, 3) taking steps to lead change, 4) change and sustainability) to increase employee satisfaction. Prosedures for implementing change for successful change include 1) annual goals, 2) guidelines, 3) resource allocation, 4) competitive management, 5) structural coordination with change prosedures, and 6) Management resistance, 7) creating a culture that support change strategy, 8) Linking performance with reward strategy 9) Considering human resources in implementing change strategy.
Peran Guru dan Orang Tua Terhadap Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Melalui Blanded Learning
Authors: Khuriyah Ainul , Darajat Muhaiminah
Published: June 2023

Blended learning is a combination of several aspects such as face-to-face with online learning, so this learning requires the role of a teacher and parents so that learning can be achieved effectively and efficiently. This study focuses on the role of teachers and parents in achieving Islamic religious education learning through blended learning. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data collected in the form of documents and words from interviews. Data collection techniques using observation, in-depth interviews and documentation through data analysis using the techniques proposed by Miles and Huberman (data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing/verification). From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the role of educators and parents in achieving the effectiveness of learning Islamic religious education through blended learning at MTs Nurul Masyithoh Lumajang is quite good. It also reflects that the role of teachers and parents in achieving the effectiveness of Islamic religious education learning through blended learning is quite good with the help of teachers and parents being mentors, facilitators and motivators.
Strategi Pemasaran Badan Usaha Milik Pesantren
Authors: Hasan Imroni , Mahsun Moch
Published: June 2023

The existence of pesantren has an important meaning in solving community economic problems related to unemployment and poverty. It is important for pesantren to organize entrepreneurship education as a medium in introducing the business world as well as motivating students to become entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship education is expected to build the interest of students to become successful entrepreneurs after completing their education at pondok pesantren to open new job opportunities. This study focuses on marketing strategies, supporting and inhibiting factors in business entities owned by pesantren, especially in pesantren  Manarul Qur'an. The research design used in this study is a type of field research with a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques through documentation, observation and interviews. Pesantren-Owned Enterprises are a Pesantren Business Center to develop businesses to be more independent in obtaining finances, in its development to achieve the goals to be achieved, it cannot be separated from a marketing strategy which consists of several elements including a marketing strategy by analyzing community needs, the art of identifying and taking advantage of opportunities. that appear in the market, and product pricing, product sales promotion. While the supporting factors are professional managers, adequate facilities and infrastructure and high public trust, and for inhibiting the lack of community response and the location of pensantren in remote areas. It is important to do further research related to online-based marketing strategies.
Epistimologi Penetapan Masa Haidh Istri melalui Pendekatan Ilmu Qiraat al-Quran dalam Perhitungan Masa Haidh Istri
Authors: Raden Nurhayati  , Wijaya Denden S. Hadi
Published: June 2023

The birth of Islamic law schools in the study of jurisprudence such as the Shafi'iyah, Malikiyah, Hanbaliyah, Hanafiyah, Zhahiriyah, and so on is an implication of the differences in qiraat in the verses of the Quran. They interpreted the verses of the Quran with the basic raw material being instructions on the qiraat ordinances which were complemented by the rules of irab, shighat, and grammatical arrangements of arabic linguistic rules. The research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method approach. The purpose of this study is to understand the methodology of taking Islamic law carried out by mujtahid fiqh; and how the form of the legal product resulted from the difference in qiraat. The results of this study show that the legal case of differences in qiraat to the legal status of a wife who is menstruating (QS. al-Baqarah: 222) which gives birth to three different interpretations, namely: The Hanafi Imam School is of the view that a wife is considered holy from the menstrual state, if her menstrual blood has stopped. The jumhur school/majority of scholars consisting of imams Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali are of the view that the sacred condition of a wife who is menstruating is that when she has done a big bath, then a husband is justified to take her captive. It is not permissible for the husband to take care of a wife, even though she has stopped her menstrual blood, but the wife has done a big bath. Mazhab al-Thawas and al-Mujahid argue that it is permissible for the husband to treat his wife who is menstruating by washing the wife's, then she is in the form and allowed to perform prayers immediately.
Kajian Syirik dan Tauhid dalam Perspektif al-Qur'an dan Hadis
Authors: Maslahah
Published: June 2023

History records the destruction committed by the earlier people originated from the human belief that the creator of the universe was God. However, after creating this nature. He either gives up to be managed by some of His creatures, or they do so automatically, even without His permission. As mentioned, they believe that this management of nature is carried out by many parties, such as the angels, who are believed to be the daughters of God. It is, of course, a shirk, and the deed does not harm Allah Almighty and must be straightened out. The method of writing this article is qualitative. The author summarizes the opinions of the relevant previous research, compares them, and draws conclusions based on the Qur'an and hadith. Shirk is to associate Allah with something in uluhiyah, rububiyah or ubudiyah. Shirk usually comes from man's folly in thinking or obedience to satan worshipping creatures such as the sun, moon, and angels, likening God to other beings, and considering God to have children or wives. Among the consequences of shirking is that the sin is not forgiven. Meanwhile, tawhid is the worship of Allah, the opposite of shirking. Tawhid is divided into three, Tauhid Rububiyah is still limited to recognition, while tauhid Uluhiyah and Asma wa Sifat have taken the form of amaliyah as a logical consequence of Uluhiyah. Shirk means to assume there are other forces apart from God, classic examples such as the worships above. We can analogize with the standard now because the essence of hypocrisy remains the same all the time.
Nilai-nilai Pendidik dalam Perspektif KH. M. Adnan Syarif
Authors: Maghfiroh Faiqotul , Idris Haidar
Published: June 2023

This research is based on education in Indonesia, which is considered very rigid, bureaucratic and feels like nothing and futile. Problems in the world of education cannot be separated from the role of educators and a leader in an educational institution or foundation. This research is focused on the values ​​of educators from the perspective of KH. M. Adnan Syarif and the relevance of KH's example. M. Adnan Syarif in the book For the sake of Islam and NU: Commemorating the Actions and Struggles of KH. M. Adnan Syarif and aims to find out the values ​​of educators and the relevance of the example of a Kiai as an educator figure in an Islamic boarding school-based educational institution or foundation. This study uses the Literacy Study method (library research) which uses Content Analysis data collection techniques by reviewing books, and scientific works related to the focused problem. The primary data source in this research is the book “For the sake of Islam and NU: Memorizing the Actions and Struggles of KH. M. Adnan Syarif” which focuses on the values ​​of educators and their relevance by using a descriptive analysis approach. The results of the study show that the values ​​of KH. M. Adnan Syarif, namely the value of high dedication, professional, visionary, productive and intellectual. The values ​​of educators in the perspective of KH. M. Adnan Syarif is relevant to the competence of teachers and the opinions of several experts.
Konsep dan Implementasi Merdeka Belajar pada Evaluasi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Hudri Salman , Umam Khotibul
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to determine the effect of the concept of merdeka belajar and its implications in the evaluation of Islamic Religious Education Learning. This paper uses a qualitative approach and literature study methods. Based on the results of the discussion, evaluation consists of measurement and assessment. In the context of learning, evaluation has a very important and strategic position, because it is included in the learning steps. The aim is to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the learning system. The scope includes evaluation in learning programs, learning processes, and learning outcomes. In general, the evaluation principles consist of continuity, comprehensive, fair, objective, cooperative, and practical. Specifically, the principles consist of coherence, coherence, pedagogy, and accountability. Based on the literature review that has been carried out, the policy of the Ministry of Education and Culture, Nadiem Makarim, is known as the "merdeka belajar " policy. This policy includes 4 things: Ujian Sekolah Berstandar Nasional (USBN) developed by each school; the Ujian Nasional (UN) changed to a Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM) and a character survey; freedom of educators to Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran  (RPP); and flexibility in Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru  (PPDB). Dalah Deka Learning aims to create students who are innovative, creative and based on community needs, the world of work, as well as a comprehensive assessment. As for in this article, the researcher concludes that: the development of evaluation is based on the purpose of human creation, which is to become a caliph on this earth. Thus, Islamic Religious Education educators must be able to evaluate the development of students covering aspects of Cognitive (aqliyah), Affective (qolbiyah), and Psychomotor (amāliyah).
Perbudakan dalam Perspektif M. Quraish Shihab; Telaah atas Term Perbudakan dalam Tafsir Al-Mishbah
Authors: Ulumudin Ihya'
Published: June 2023

Slavery is one of the terms written in the Qur'an. Slavery in the discussion of the Qur'an is included in the context of human liberation from oppression. That is, the Qur'an is here to liberate humans from oppression. The portrait presented by the Qur'an is slavery when the Qur'an was revealed to Rasulullah SAW. This study aims to explore the terms of slavery (رقاب/رقبة) contained in the Qur'an. The search was carried out on the book of interpretation by M. Quraish Shihab, Tafsir al-Mishbah. The author uses a descriptive-analytical method with a historical and philosophical approach in this study. This study found that the abolition of slavery written in the Qur'an was not completed. That is, there is a new model of slavery in the period after the Prophet's prophethood and even today. Modern slavery, in the view of M. Quraish Shihab, becomes wider than slavery in the past context. Modern slavery can take the form of slavery in political, economic, social and so on.
Preservasi dan Konservasi Delapan Naskah Keislaman
Authors: Hanafi Ahmad
Published: June 2023

Manuscripts is the result of handwriting which contains various things such as thoughts, community culture, history of one's life journey and customs in the past. Religious texts are related to the spread of religion in Jember, such as there are Islamic boarding school texts for the spread of Islam and there are Bible texts for the spread of Christianity in Jember.. The research was conducted using a philological research method with a codicological approach. There are several steps in this research method. First, tracing the manuscripts obtained from the people who inherited the manuscripts. Second, an inventory of manuscripts is carried out by means of field studies, namely visiting directly the location where the manuscripts are stored by the community who is the owner or inheritor of the manuscripts. Third, preservation by caring for and maintaining the manuscript to prevent the loss of the information contained in the manuscript due to damage to the manuscript due to certain factors. The results of this study explain aspects of codicology, manuscript descriptions and efforts to save the findings of eight ancient manuscripts in Jember Regency.

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Etos Kerja Islam Terhadap Karyawan Perwakilan Kantor Urusan Agama
Authors: Dyfani Ana Putri , Nadhifah Durrotun , Amini Marisa , Fitriana Ani Qotuz Zuhro’
Published: June 2023

This study tries to ascertain how KUA officials in the Anchor Area use the Islamic work ethic. This investigation employs an obvious subjective examination methodology. Data collecting methods included observations, documentation, and interviews. The data from this investigation were analyzed using the triangulation approach. Based on the results of this study, KUA employees in the Jangkar District have begun to work according to the Al-Quran and Hadith in order to demonstrate an Islamic work culture. They achieve this through having a sincere, truthful, consistent, courageous, and courageous to accept responsibility and consequences attitude. The Islamic work ethic followed by employees led to improvements in both employee performance and customer satisfaction with the services rendered by KUA staff.
ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY INSTITUTION’S HEALTH SPENDING: AN ARDL BOUNDS TEST APPROACH
Authors: KARATAŞ Yunus Emre , DİNÇER Metin
Published: June 2023

ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY INSTITUTION’S HEALTH SPENDING: AN ARDL BOUNDS TEST APPROACH

Yunus Emre KARATAŞ, Metin DİNÇER

With the health transformation program, universal health insurance was introduced. Thus, it became the most significant health service purchaser social security institution. The services provided by hospitals began to occupy an important place in the expenditures of the social security institution. Thus, the study aims to predict and model the effect of functional characteristics of health facilities on Social Security Institution (SSI) health expenditures in Turkey. While collecting the data used in the study, the hospital’s service levels as functional characteristics were considered, and the data between 01/2009 and 05/2020 were analyzed. Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) bounds test was used to analyze the presence of cointegration between variables in the short and long run. Long-run predictions show that while the secondary-level state hospitals reduce the health expenditure of the SSI, the tertiary-level state, university, and secondary-level private hospitals increase the SSI health expenditure. Measuring the services provided by hospitals and the benefits they provide to patients according to objective criteria will be the most significant indicator of the appropriateness of health expenditures.

Keywords: ARDL Bounds Test, Reimbursement, Health Spending, Health Insurance, Social Security Institution

Jel Codes: C32, G22, G28, H51, I13