bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinicohistopathological Characteristics of Malignant Melanoma in the Gall Bladder: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Adrian Schmidt , Clemens Caspar , Elisabeth Schmidt-Weiss , Sylvia Stadlmann
Published: March 2018

Objective. Primary gall bladder melanoma is a rare and controversial entity. So far, only 36 cases are documented in the literature. Metastatic melanoma targeting the gall bladder, however, has been reported to occur in about 15–20% of melanoma patients and is much more common. Methods. Based on the case of a 58-year-old woman presenting with multiple melanoma nodules in the gall bladder, we searched in the available literature in PubMed for articles describing a “primary melanoma of the gallbladder” regardless of language used. Results. We detected 33 papers that described 36 cases of primary gall bladder melanoma between 1907 and 2017. From different criteria distinguishing primary and secondary gall bladder melanoma, generally, the following were accepted: (1) exclusion of previous primary melanoma, (2) absence of synchronous involvement of other sites, (3) unicity of the lesion, (4) polypoid or papillary shape of the lesion, and (5) presence of junctional melanocitary component. Review of the 36 published cases revealed that only about one-fourth of them fulfilled all the five criteria. Conclusion. Primary gall bladder melanoma is even rarer than described in the literature, and the question whether this entity really exists remains open.
Prognostic Significance of Blood Transfusion in Elderly Patients with Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Fan Liping , Fu Danhui , Hong Jinquan , Huang Haobo , He Wenqian , Zeng Feng , Lin Qiuyan , Xie Qianling
Published: March 2018

The current study sought to evaluate whether blood transfusions affect survival of elderly patients with primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A total of 104 patients aged 60 years and over were enrolled and divided into two groups: 24 patients who received transfusions and 80 patients who did not. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in LDH levels, platelet (Plt) counts, and hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin (Alb) levels between the two groups. Univariate analyses showed that LDH level ≥ 245 IU/L, cell of origin (germinal center/nongerminal center), and blood transfusion were associated with both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Higher IPI (3–5), Alb level < 35 g/L, and rituximab usage were associated with OS. Appearance of B symptoms was associated with PFS. Multivariate analyses showed that cell of origin and rituximab usage were independent factors for OS and LDH level was an independent factor for PFS. Blood transfusion was an independent factor for PFS, but not for OS. Our preliminary results suggested that elderly patients with primary DLBCL may benefit from a restrictive blood transfusion strategy.
Determination of Care Burden of Caregivers of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Turkey
Authors: Özmen Serpil , Yurttaş Afife
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the care burden of caregivers of patients with multiple sclerosis in Turkey. This descriptive study was conducted with 92 caregivers. To collect data, information form and Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZCBI) were used. Most of the caregivers (65.2%) were females and 71.7% of them were married. The average age of caregivers was 38 and above. The mean ZCBI score of caregivers was 25.44 ± 9.50. The ZCBI score was significantly higher in caregivers providing care for more than six years (28.09 ± 10.16). Additionally, the ZCBI score was significantly higher in caregivers providing care 3-4 hours per day (32.23 ± 8.37) and providing physical care (29.28 ± 5.18).
First-Principles Calculations on Atomic and Electronic Properties of Ge/4H-SiC Heterojunction
Authors: Xu Bei , Zhu Changjun , He Xiaomin , Zang Yuan , Lin Shenghuang , Li Lianbi , Feng Song , Lei Qianqian
Published: March 2018

First-principles calculation is employed to investigate atomic and electronic properties of Ge/SiC heterojunction with different Ge orientations. Based on the density functional theory, the work of adhesion, relaxation energy, density of states, and total charge density are calculated. It is shown that Ge(110)/4H-SiC(0001) heterointerface possesses higher adhesion energy than that of Ge(111)/4H-SiC(0001) interface, and hence Ge/4H-SiC(0001) heterojunction with Ge[110] crystalline orientation exhibits more stable characteristics. The relaxation energy of Ge(110)/4H-SiC(0001) heterojunction interface is lower than that of Ge(111)/4H-SiC(0001) interface, indicating that Ge(110)/4H-SiC(0001) interface is easier to form at relative low temperature. The interfacial bonding is analysed using partial density of states and total charge density distribution, and the results show that the bonding is contributed by the Ge-Si bonding.
Acute Mastoiditis Complicated with Concomitant Bezold’s Abscess and Lateral Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Mustafa Aziz , Toçi Burhan , Thaçi Hajdin , Gjikolli Bujar , Baftiu Nehat
Published: March 2018

Bezold’s abscess is a very rare extracranial complication of acute mastoiditis. Lateral sinus thrombosis is another intracranial complication of acute mastoiditis that can occur, but there are only few reports of concomitant ispilateral Bezold’s abscess and lateral sinus thrombosis with favorable outcome. We diagnosed and treated successfully a 14-year-old girl suffering from Streptococcus pneumoniae acute mastoiditis complicated with Bezold’s abscess and lateral sinus thrombosis. Surgical treatment included myringotomy, cortical mastoidectomy, and Bezold’s abscess incision and drainage. During the course of treatment, we concluded that lateral sinus thrombosis was not caused from mastoiditis by direct spread but from pressure on internal jugular vein caused from Bezold’s abscess.
Thiadiazoline- and Pyrazoline-Based Carboxamides and Carbothioamides: Synthesis and Inhibition against Nitric Oxide Synthase
Authors: Arias Fabio , Camacho M. Encarnación , Carrión M. Dora , Chayah Meriem , Romero Miguel , Duarte Juan , Gallo Miguel A.
Published: March 2018

Two new families of pyrazoline and thiadiazoline heterocycles have been developed. Their inhibitory activities against two different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (inducible and neuronal NOS) are reported. The novel derivatives were synthesized combining the arylthiadiazoline or arylpyrazoline skeleton and a carboxamide or carbothioamide moiety, used as starting material ethyl 2-nitrobenzoates or substituted nitrobenzaldehydes, respectively. The structure-activity relationships of final molecules are discussed in terms of the R1 radical effects in the aromatic ring, the Y atom in the heterocyclic system, the X heteroatom in the main chain, and the R2 substituent in the carboxamide or carbothioamide rest. In general, thiadiazolines (5a–e) inhibit preferentially the neuronal isoform; among them, 5a is the best nNOS inhibitor (74.11% at 1 mM, IC50 = 420 μM). In contrast, pyrazolines (6a–r) behave better as iNOS than nNOS inhibitors, 6m being the best molecule of this series (76.86% at 1 mM of iNOS inhibition, IC50 = 130 μM) and the most potent of all tested compounds.
Autocrine Adenosine Regulates Tumor Polyfunctional CD73+CD4+ Effector T Cells Devoid of Immune Checkpoints
Authors: Gourdin Nicolas , Bossennec Marion , Rodriguez Céline , Vigano Selena , Machon Christelle , Jandus Camilla , Bauché David , Faget Julien , Durand Isabelle , Chopin Nicolas , Tredan Olivier , Marie Julien C. , Dubois Bertrand , Guitton Jérôme , Romero Pedro , Caux Christophe , Ménétrier-Caux Christine
Published: March 2018

The production of CD73-derived adenosine (Ado) by Tregs has been proposed as a resistance mechanism to anti-PD-1 therapy in murine tumor models. We reported that human Tregs express the ectonucleotidase CD39, which generates AMP from ATP, but do not express the AMPase CD73. In contrast, CD73 defined a subset of effector CD4+ T cells (Teffs) enriched in polyfunctional Th1.17 cells characterized by expression of CXCR3, CCR6, and MDR1, and production of IL17A/IFNγ/IL22/GM-CSF. CD39+ Tregs selectively targeted CD73+ Teffs through cooperative degradation of ATP into Ado inhibiting and restricting the ability of CD73+ Teffs to secrete IL17A. CD73+ Teffs infiltrating breast and ovarian tumors were functionally blunted by Tregs expressing upregulated levels of CD39 and ATPase activity. Moreover, tumor-infiltrating CD73+ Teffs failed to express inhibitory immune checkpoints, suggesting that CD73 might be selected under pressure from immune checkpoint blockade therapy and thus may represent a nonredundant target for restoring antitumor immunity.

Significance: Polyfunctional CD73+ T-cell effectors lacking other immune checkpoints are selectively targeted by CD39 overexpressing Tregs that dominate the breast tumor environment. Cancer Res; 78(13); 3604–18. ©2018 AACR.
Inhibition of Nr4a Receptors Enhances Antitumor Immunity by Breaking Treg-Mediated Immune Tolerance
Authors: Hibino Sana , Chikuma Shunsuke , Kondo Taisuke , Ito Minako , Nakatsukasa Hiroko , Omata-Mise Setsuko , Yoshimura Akihiko
Published: March 2018

Enhanced infiltration of regulatory T cells (Treg) into tumor tissue is detrimental to patients with cancer and is closely associated with poor prognosis as they create an immunosuppressive state that suppresses antitumor immune responses. Therefore, breaking Treg-mediated immune tolerance is important when considering cancer immunotherapy. Here, we show that the Nr4a nuclear receptors, key transcription factors maintaining Treg genetic programs, contribute to Treg-mediated suppression of antitumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Mice lacking Nr4a1 and Nr4a2 genes specifically in Tregs showed resistance to tumor growth in transplantation models without exhibiting any severe systemic autoimmunity. The chemotherapeutic agent camptothecin and a common cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor were found to inhibit transcriptional activity and induction of Nr4a factors, and they synergistically exerted antitumor effects. Genetic inactivation or pharmacologic inhibition of Nr4a factors unleashed effector activities of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and evoked potent antitumor immune responses. These findings demonstrate that inactivation of Nr4a in Tregs breaks immune tolerance toward cancer, and pharmacologic modulation of Nr4a activity may be a novel cancer treatment strategy targeting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.

Significance: This study reveals the role of Nr4a transcription factors in Treg-mediated tolerance to antitumor immunity, with possible therapeutic implications for developing effective anticancer therapies. Cancer Res; 78(11); 3027–40. ©2018 AACR.
The Conundrum of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cancer Prevention Studies: Which One? How Much? What Biomarkers?
Authors: Fabian Carol J. , Kimler Bruce F.
Published: March 2018

Marine omega-3 fatty acids promote resolution of inflammation and have potential to reduce risk of obesity-related breast cancer. For prevention trials in obese women, inflammatory cytokines, aromatase, and measures of breast immune cell infiltration are logical, as are biomarkers of growth factor, adipokine, and estrogen signaling. Where best to look for marker change: in the circulation (easiest), in benign breast tissue (most relevant), or in visceral adipose (inflammation often most marked)? A null biomarker modulation trial may reflect limitations in design, source and dose of fatty acids, or biomarkers and should not lead to premature abandonment of marine omega-3 fatty acids for cancer prevention. Cancer Prev Res; 11(4); 187–90. ©2018 AACR.

See related article by Gucalp et al., p. 203
Potential Interactions of Medication Prescribed in Discharge Letters from a Clinic for Hematology and Oncology
Authors: Schaefer Louisa , Keinki Christian , Baron von Osthoff Marc , Huebner Jutta
Published: March 2018

Background: As there are few data worldwide concerning the frequency and relevance of interactions of prescribed drugs in hemato-oncology, we analyzed the medication prescribed to patients at a clinic within a comprehensive cancer center. Methods: Details of the medication prescribed for all patients in 2011 were extracted from their discharge letters. All potential medication combinations were assess with respect to the risk of interaction using 3 specialized websites. Results: The files of 202 patients receiving 275 drugs were extracted; 4,303 drug combinations were created. Overall, 88% of these combinations were found to be harmless with an interaction value (IV) of 1. However 10% showed potential risk of probable interaction (IV 2 + 3). 47% of the patients had at least 1 drug combination with a risk of interaction. A maximum of 29 drugs with 15 probable and possible interactions were found. Conclusion: Awareness for this topic should be raised in physicians and patients. An important step for avoiding risks of interactions is a systematic check of all drugs prescribed. There is urgent need for reliable data on clinically relevant interactions and for a better network in which physicians and pharmacists can exchange data about relevant interactions.
Amyloid Angiopathy in Brain Hemorrhage: A Postmortem Neuropathological-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Guidoux Celine , Hauw Jean-Jacques , Klein Isabelle F. , Labreuche Julien , Berr Claudine , Duyckaerts Charles , Amarenco Pierre
Published: March 2018

Background: Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) include hypertension and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The objective of this study was to determine the autopsy prevalence of CAA and the potential overlap with other risk factors among patients who died from ICH and also the correlation of CAA with cerebral microbleeds. Methods: We analyzed 81 consecutive autopsy brains from patients with ICH. Staining for CAA detection was performed. We used an age- and sex-matched control group of routine brain autopsies of nonneurological patients to determine the frequencies of CAA and hypertension. Postmortem 3D T2-weighted gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a 1.5-T magnet was performed in 11 brains with ICH (5 with CAA and 6 without) and histological correlation was performed when microbleeds were detected. Results: Hypertension and CAA were found in 69.1 and 24.7% of cases respectively. Among patients with CAA, 65.0% also had hypertension. The prevalence of CAA was similar among non-hypertensive cases and controls (33.3 and 23.1%; p = 0.54), whereas a significant difference was found between hypertensive cases vs. controls (28.9% vs. 0; p = 0.01). MRI documented 48 microbleeds and all 5 brains with CAA had ≥1 microbleed, compared to 3/6 brains without CAA. Among 48 microbleeds on MRI, 45 corresponded histologically to microbleeds surrounding microvessels (23 <200 µm in diameter, 19 between 200 µm and 2 mm, 3 were hemosiderin granules). Conclusions: Both hypertension and CAA frequently coexist in patients with ICH. MRI-detected microbleeds, proven by histological analysis, were twice as common in patients with CAA as in those with hypertensive ICH.
Successful Limb-Sparing Wide Excision of a Giant Lipofibromatosis in a 5-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Adiputra Putu Anda Tusta
Published: March 2018

A 5-year-old girl presented with a big painless mass, sized 24 × 37 × 35 cm, in her lower left limb. MRI revealed a huge heterogeneous mass splaying from the left distal femur to the calcaneal region without bony erosion but compressing the arteries and causing bowing of the left tibia and fibula bones. The difficulty was to determine the best course of action taken which would either be limb salvation or amputation. Considering that only a few muscles could be saved, the author initially recommended amputation but still considered a limb-sparing procedure. After a double set-up examination in the operating room, the author ultimately decided to save the affected limb. The salvaged limb was found to be viable after the surgery, and there was no further recurrence over a subsequent 6-month follow-up period. The careful surgical decision is vital in giving the best possible care to the patient.
Membranous Nephropathy-Like Apolipoprotein E Deposition Disease with Apolipoprotein E Toyonaka (Ser197Cys) and a Homozygous Apolipoprotein E2/2
Authors: Fukunaga Megumu , Nagahama Kiyotaka , Aoki Michiko , Shimizu Akira , Hara Shigeo , Matsunaga Akira , Muso Eri , Saito Takao
Published: March 2018

A 20-year-old female student underwent renal biopsy because of chance proteinuria and hematuria. Histological study revealed a membranous nephropathy-like appearance by light microscopy. But immunoglobulins and complements were negative in the glomerulus by immunofluorescence study. On the other hand, plasma apolipoprotein E (ApoE) concentration was elevated to more than 2 times the normal range, and the phenotype, genotype, and DNA sequence studies of her ApoE showed homozygous ApoE2/2 and a heterozygous novel missense mutation called ApoE Toyonaka (Ser197Cys). Detailed immunohistochemical studies found that the dense deposits in subepithelial, subendothelial, and mesangial areas contained ApoE. Tandem mass spectrometry also proved a large amount of ApoE in the glomerulus. These findings suggest that ApoE Toyonaka with a homozygous ApoE2/2 may cause a new form of ApoE-related glomerular disease resembling membranous nephropathy.
Glycyrrhizin Treatment Facilitates Extinction of Conditioned Fear Responses After a Single Prolonged Stress Exposure in Rats
Authors: Lai Shuhua , Wu Gangwei , Jiang Zhixian
Published: March 2018

Background/Aims: Impaired fear memory extinction is widely considered a key mechanism of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent studies have suggested that neuroinflammation after a single prolonged stress (SPS) exposure may play a critical role in the impaired fear memory extinction. Studies have shown that high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB-1) is critically involved in neuroinflammation. However, the role of HMGB-1 underlying the development of impairment of fear memory extinction is still not known. Methods: Thus, we examined the levels of HMGB-1 in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) following SPS using Western blot and evaluated the levels of microglia and astrocytes activation in the BLA after SPS using immunohistochemical staining. We then examined the effects of pre-SPS intra-BLA administration of glycyrrhizin, an HMGB1 inhibitor, or LPS-RS, a competitive TLR4 antagonist, on subsequent post-SPS fear extinction. Results: We found that SPS treatment prolonged the extinction of contextual fear memory after the SPS. The impairment of SPS-induced extinction of contextual fear memory was associated with increased HMGB1 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) levels in the BLA. Additionally, the impairment of SPS-induced extinction of contextual fear memory was associated with increased activation of microglia and astrocyte in the BLA. Intra-BLA administrations of glycyrrhizin (HMGB-1 inhibitor) or LPS-RS (TLR4 antagonist) can prevent the development of SPS-induced fear extinction impairment. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggested that SPS treatment may not only produce short term effects on the HMGB1/TLR4-mediated pro-inflammation, but alter the response of microglia and astrocytes to the exposure to fear associated contextual stimuli.
Patrulheiros da moralidade: os censores diante de uma peça de Nelson Rodrigues
Authors: Rabelo Adriano De Paula
Published: March 2018

Este artigo analisa as relações do dramaturgo Nelson Rodrigues com a Censura do estado de São Paulo no início dos anos 1960, através da peça Boca de Ouro, tal como essas relações estão documentadas no prontuário N°. 4906 do Arquivo Miroel Silveira, na Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo. Interessa ao autor discutir como os parâmetros morais são inadequados para o julgamento de uma obra de arte, expondo os equívocos em que a atividade censória sempre recai em sua tentativa de conter a liberdade da criação artística em nome de concepções e comportamentos considerados “adequados” ou “normais”.
The Idiolect Test and the Vorlage of Old Greek Job
Authors: Eckstein Juliane
Published: March 2018

Old Greek Job (ogJob) is by one sixth shorter than itsmtcounterpart, which most scholars attribute to the translator, not to a shorter Vorlage. Most arguments however, are circular, since they rely on an evaluation of the translation technique, which is difficult to determine with an unknown Vorlage of the translation. This paper presents a way of sidestepping this problem, by employing the Idiolect Test. In a study, Hebrew idiolect items were compiled and studied for their distribution withinmtJob. Those items hint at a specific language use of one author, or of a small group of authors. The result shows that there is nomtJob idiolect coinciding with the non-translated passages of theogversion. This supports the majority opinion: theogtranslator worked from a long Vorlage and was responsible for the omissions.
Contemporary Notions of Childhood and the Function of Children’s Media in Palestine
Authors: Awan Feryal
Published: March 2018

This paper maps out constructions of childhood as reflected in debates about the provision children’s media and various screen-based initiatives in the West Bank. It identifies key issues affecting children’s media in Palestine, through an analysis of the changing discourses of childhood in Palestinian society and the ways in which these discourses are articulated in academic and public debates, and in strategies for children’s screen media. Analysis and findings are based on fieldwork undertaken in April and May 2014; this included participant observation and interviews with stakeholders in the children’s cultural sector in the West Bank cities of Ramallah and Nablus. In this paper, I conclude that protectionist discourses based on western Romantic and Lockean constructions of childhood dominate discussion on childhood and the media, and hence children’s television space is ‘occupied’ by adults (parents and producers). Children are constructed as vulnerable and passive victims of their society and are not credited with possessing the tools to play an active role in their own learning.
Disney in Doha
Authors: Pike Kirsten
Published: March 2018

This article explores the ways that Al Jazeera’s Jeem TV—an Arabic channel aimed at preteens in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)—increasingly relies on content from Disney to fill its schedule, while also adapting it to better reflect cultural norms and sensitivities in the Arab Gulf. Specifically, the essay examines how Jeem’s rewriting, re-editing and dubbing strategies are transforming the gendered meanings of Disney films and TV shows in both constructive and restrictive ways. While previous scholarship has shed crucial light on young peoples’ negotiations with Disney content (Lemish et al. 1998; Lemish and Reznik 2011; Wasko, Phillips and Meehan 2001), little is known about Middle Eastern Arab girls’ responses to original and censored versions of Disney media—which, in the latter case, are being redesigned for their benefit. Through close analysis of Jeem’s Disney offerings and research with Arab female college students in Doha, my analysis aims to fill this gap. In the process, it highlights Arab girls’ diverse (and sometimes resistant) negotiations with gendered contradictions in Jeem’s output—thus underscoring the challenges faced by children’s television producers in the region as they endeavor to balance local stories (and traditions) with popular global entertainment.
Unmaking the Arab/Muslim Child
Authors: Mansour Nisrine
Published: March 2018

Recent interest in Arab child audiences is mostly related to the penetration of digital media to the Arab region and the rise of discourses on ‘counterterrorism’, Islamic radicalization and Islamophobia. More often than not, audience-focused inquiry has adopted, as a starting point, the uniform default category of ‘Arab/Muslim’. As these analytical categories are conflated, the implications of such teleological epistemologies cannot be missed. In this article, I dislocate these ontological and epistemological assumptions about Arab child audiences by refocusing the inquiry on children’s own processes of meaning-making amid their negotiations of socioeconomic, political, migratory and media ecologies. This inquiry, conducted between 2013 and 2015, explores these spaces by zooming into the findings of ethnographic research and playful interventions with two Syrian and Palestinian children living in the two contrastive migratory settings of Beirut and London. This micro-analysis questions dominant understandings of Arab childhood and screen media use today, and discusses the potential for adopting a multifaceted approach to the inquiry.
‘Look into My Eyes’: Music, Religion, and the Politics of Muslim Youth in Norway
Authors: Jacobsen Christine M. , Vestel Viggo
Published: March 2018

In this article we explore the role of music in shaping and publicizing religious and political subjectivities and belonging among young Muslims in Norway. The article discusses practices of producing and listening to music in light of theories about ‘counterpublics’ and their soundscapes, the religious and the secular, and majority-minority relations. Musical soundscapes produced and consumed by young Muslims, the article argues, give voice to experiences and sentiments that are marginalized within mainstream cultural productions, and articulate both consensus and dissensus with national political institutions’ concepts and norms.
“I Have Dutch Nationality, But Others Do Not See Me as a Dutchman, of Course”
Authors: Visser-Vogel Elsbeth , de Kock Jos , Bakker Cok , Barnard Marcel
Published: March 2018

This interview study examines the attitudes of orthoprax young Muslim adults in the Netherlands toward their context, by distinguishing their perceptions of society and their participation in society. In this study, we discover that orthoprax young Muslim adults oppose themselves to Dutch society and do not feel really connected to it. However, most of the time, they participate in society by having jobs, studying and having friends. We also see that respondents are particularly active in and involved with their own Islamic community. Respondents in many cases do not link their religious identity to their participation in society. This study shows three different styles of linking religion to participation: “Participating as far as Islam allows,” “Religion is very personal and individual,” and “Bridging the gap.” We discuss what the reason is for not linking religious identity to participation.
Verrucaria hunsrueckensis (Verrucariaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), a new rare species with exceptionally slender ascospores from Germany
Authors: THÜS HOLGER , KILLMANN DOROTHEE , LEH BURKHARD , FISCHER EBERHARD
Published: March 2018

The lichenized fungus Verrucaria hunsrueckensis (Verrucariaceae, Ascomycota) is described and distinguished from similar lichens by ascospores with an exceptionally large length to width ratio, brown and small exciple, distinct involucrellum, goniocyst-like thallus structure, growth on acidic siliceous rocks and characteristic motives in sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region. The new species is known from only one site in the Hunsrück-Hochwald National Park (Rhineland Palatinate, Germany), where it grows on quartzitic rocks in half shaded situations at the margin of rock screes in an old growth forest. Its discovery supports the view that within the Verrucariaceae some well recognizable species may be naturally rare and their sites worthy of protection.
Loboplusia coreana sp. nov. from South Korea, only the second species of a genus originally described from Costa Rica (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae)
Authors: JASCHHOF MATHIAS , HAM DASEUL , BAE YEON JAE
Published: March 2018

The genus Loboplusia was recently introduced for a remarkable species of Diallactiini from the cloud forest of Costa Rica (Jaschhof 2016). Males of that species, Loboplusia zurqui Jaschhof, 2016, were found to differ fundamentally from other Diallactiini, with the following traits defining the genus. The scutum is provided with a bright membranous patch called the prescutellar window; setae on the legs, especially the tarsi, are fringed; the gonostylus consists of two lobes (not a single lobe as is the basic pattern in Diallactiini); and the bridge connecting the gonocoxites ventrobasally is markedly shortened (Jaschhof 2016: fig. 15). A diallactiine collected recently by one of us (YJB) in South Korea shows exactly the same characters and is no doubt congeneric with L. zurqui. At the same time there are clear distinctions in the genitalia indicating that the South Korean species is discrete, so it is described and named here L. coreana Jaschhof & Ham sp. nov. With a single species each in Central America and Eastern Asia, the genus Loboplusia has a distinctly odd distribution, a circumstance that is briefly discussed.
Effect of Risk and Protective Decision Aids on Flood Preparation in Vulnerable Communities
Authors: Wong-Parodi Gabrielle , Fischhoff Baruch , Strauss Benjamin
Published: March 2018

Although the risks of flooding demand responses by communities and societies, there are also many cost-effective actions that individuals can take. The authors examine two potential determinants of such adoption: individual predisposition to act and the impact of decision aids that emphasize the risk, the actions, both, or neither (control). Respondents are a representative sample (N = 1201) of individuals in the areas most heavily affected by Superstorm Sandy in 2012. The authors find that, in the overall sample, seeing protective actions coupled with risk information or alone produced higher rates of individuals reporting that they intended to take action preparing for future storms, compared to a control group receiving no additional information. Moreover, that occurred despite the aids reducing their perceptions of risk. The authors find that individuals who reported having taken previous action are more responsive to decision aid messages with the exception of the combined message (risk and protective actions)—which had a positive effect on those who had not acted previously, but a negative effect on those who had. These results suggest that, in communities that already are aware of their flood risks, the critical need is for authoritative, comprehensible information regarding the most feasible and cost-effective protective actions that they can take. Providing such information requires analysis to determine which actions qualify and a design process that incorporates user feedback to ensure that recommendations are easily understood and credible.
Fake It to Make It? Emotional Labor Reduces the Racial Disparity in Service Performance Judgments
Authors: Grandey Alicia A. , Houston Lawrence , Avery Derek R.
Published: March 2018

Service providers who are Black tend to be evaluated less favorably than those who are White, hindering opportunities for advancement. We propose that the Black-White racial disparity in service performance evaluations is due to occupational-racial stereotype incongruence for interpersonal warmth and that more emotional labor is necessary from Blacks to reduce this incongruence. A pilot study manipulating employee race and occupation confirmed warmth and person-occupation fit judgments are lower for an otherwise equal Black than White service provider. We then demonstrate the racial disparity in service performance is due to interpersonal warmth differences in an experimental study with participants evaluating videos of retail clerks (Study 1) and a multisource field study of grocery clerks with supervisor-rated judgments (Study 2). Furthermore, White service providers are rated highly regardless of emotional labor, but performing more emotional labor (i.e., amplifying positive expressions) is necessary for Black providers to increase warmth judgments and reduce the racial disparity. In other words, Black providers are held to a higher standard where they must “fake it to make it” in service roles. We discuss implications for stereotype fit and expectation states theory, emotional labor, and service management.
Patterns of Migraine Disease in Otolaryngology: A CHEER Network Study
Authors: Schulz Kristine A. , Esmati Elnaz , Godley Frederick A. , Hill Claude L. , Monfared Ashkan , Teixido Michael , Tucci Debara L. , Witsell David L.
Published: March 2018

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence of migraine disease in an otolaryngologic cohort and migraine‐related otologic and sinonasal symptoms in this population.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study utilizing the CHEER (Creating Healthcare Excellence through Education and Research) network for recruitment.

Setting

Patients were recruited in a cross‐sectional and pragmatic manner in 14 CHEER sites between June 2015 and March 2017 (9 academic, 5 community based).

Subjects and Methods

Patients were included if they were aged ≥18 years and seen for any concern that was not head and neck cancer. Patients with any history of brain abnormality or headaches that began within 2 weeks of a medical illness, trauma, or head injury were excluded. Patients were screened for migraine with a validated instrument. If they screened positive on the Migraine Assessment Tool (MAT+), the subjects also filled out validated and custom questionnaires for sinonasal, otologic, and migraine‐specific symptoms.

Results

Of 1458 patients screened, 235 (16.1%) screened positive for migraine (MAT+), which is higher than general population (13%, P <. 001). The MAT+ group was significantly younger (47.2 vs 55.6 years of age, P <. 001) and predominantly women (80.0% vs 55.9%, P <. 001). The MAT+ cohort commonly reported ear‐ and sinus‐related symptoms, such as tinnitus (70.5%), ear pressure (61.9%), balance problems (82%), facial pressure (85%), and rhinorrhea (49.9%). There were significantly higher levels of sinus burden with higher levels of dizziness handicap, Jonckheere‐Terpstra test = 11,573.00, z = 7.471, P <. 001.

Conclusion

Migraine disease has a higher prevalence in an otolaryngologic cohort than in the general population, presenting with a high rate of sinonasal and otologic symptoms that may be due to or exacerbated by migraines.
Tumorous Form of Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia of the Breast in a Young Female and a Young Male
Authors: Pohlodek Kamil , Minarovjech Vlastibor , Gál Viliam , Mečiarová Iveta
Published: March 2018

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a benign mesenchymal proliferative breast condition. Although its prevalence is difficult to accurately estimate, tumor-forming PASH is a rather uncommon breast lesion. The exact etiology and pathogenesis of PASH is not clearly understood. It typically affects women in their reproductive years. While PASH has been described in female and male adults, it appears to be rare in the pediatric population. Herein, we review a case of an unusually large tumorous form of PASH, which caused massive breast asymmetry in a young woman. In the second case report, we describe a 17-year-old boy with tumorous PASH leading to asymmetric gynecomastia. In both cases, we present the clinical features, imaging results, histopathologic features, and surgical treatment of the disease.
Preventing Sexual Violence Through Bystander Intervention: Attitudes, Behaviors, Missed Opportunities, and Barriers to Intervention Among Australian University Students
Authors: Kania Rachel , Cale Jesse
Published: March 2018

The concept of bystander intervention is gaining popularity in universities as a mechanism to prevent sexual violence. Prior research has focused on correlates of bystanders’ intentions to intervene and intervention behaviors in situations where there is a risk of sexual violence. The current study builds on this literature by exploring the nature of missed opportunities, including perceived barriers to intervention. In all, 380 Australian undergraduate university students completed an online survey. Measures included a rape myth acceptance scale, bystander intentions to intervene, actual intervention behaviors, missed opportunities for intervention, and perceived barriers for missed opportunities. Promisingly, students reported high levels of intentions to intervene in situations where there was a risk of sexual violence and reported relatively few missed opportunities to do so when these situations did occur. Intervention behaviors varied by important demographic characteristics such as gender, age, attitudes toward sexual violence, and the nature of the situation. Younger female students, with lower levels of rape myth acceptance, who had previously engaged in bystander intervention behaviors were more likely to report intentions to intervene in future risky situations, and female international students reported fewer missed opportunities for intervention. The most common barrier to intervention for identified missed opportunities was a failure to recognize situations as having a potential risk for sexual violence, and students were most likely to intervene in situations when the opportunity to help a friend in distress arose. This study provides some preliminary empirical evidence about bystander intervention against sexual violence among Australian university students, and identifies unique contexts for intervention and what current barriers to intervention may be.
Automated processing of railway track deflection signals obtained from velocity and acceleration measurements
Authors: Milne David , Pen Louis L , Thompson David , Powrie William
Published: March 2018

Measurements of low-frequency vibration are increasingly being used to assess the condition and performance of railway tracks. Displacements used to characterise the track movement under train loads are commonly obtained from velocity or acceleration signals. Artefacts from signal processing, which lead to a shift in the datum associated with the at-rest position, as well as variability between successive wheels, mean that interpreting measurements is non-trivial. As a result, deflections are often interpreted by inspection rather than following an algorithmic or statistical process. This can limit the amount of data that can be usefully analysed in practice, militating against widespread or long-term use of track vibration measurements for condition or performance monitoring purposes. This paper shows how the cumulative distribution function of the track deflection can be used to identify the at-rest position and to interpret the typical range of track movement from displacement data. This process can be used to correct the shift in the at-rest position in velocity or acceleration data, to determine the proportion of upward and downward movement and to align data from multiple transducers to a common datum for visualising deflection as a function of distance along the track. The technique provides a means of characterising track displacement automatically, which can be used as a measure of system performance. This enables large volumes of track vibration data to be used for condition monitoring.
CHA2DS2-VASc score for prediction of ischemic stroke in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus without atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hu W-S , Lin C-L
Published: March 2018

Objective

We conducted this study to assess the role of CHA2DS2-VASc score in predicting ischemic stroke among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients without atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

We selected the SLE patients from the Registry of Catastrophic Illnesses Patient Database in Taiwan. We excluded the SLE patients with AF or atrial flutter. The patients were followed up until the occurrence of ischemic stroke, censored for death or withdrawal from the dataset, or the end of follow-up. Cox models were performed to obtain the hazard ratios (HRs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ischemic stroke associated with the CHA2DS2-VASc score. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to evaluate the predictive ability of CHA2DS2-VASc score for ischemic stroke in SLE patients without AF.

Results

A total of 11,962 study participants were included in this study. The incidence of ischemic stroke increased from 4.00 per 1000 person-years (PYs) for patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0 to 87.4 per 1000 PYs for those with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of ≧6. Moreover, patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of ≧2 were 3.98-fold (95% CI 3.15–5.04) more likely to develop ischemic stroke than those with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of <2 (14.0 vs. 2.99 per 1000 PYs). ROC curve analysis of the CHA2DS2-VASc score demonstrated a moderate discrimination power for ischemic stroke development with a c-statistic of 0.65(95% CI 0.62–0.69).

Conclusions

We found that a CHA2DS2-VASc score greater than or equal to 2 in SLE patients without AF is associated with a significantly higher rate of ischemic stroke.
Visuospatial Working Memory as a Fundamental Component of the Eye Movement System
Authors: Van der Stigchel Stefan , Hollingworth Andrew
Published: March 2018

Humans make frequent movements of the eyes (saccades) to explore the visual environment. Here, we argue that visuospatial working memory (VSWM) is a fundamental component of the eye movement system. Memory representations in VSWM are functionally integrated at all stages of orienting: (a) selection of the target; (b) maintenance of visual features across the saccade; (c) the computation of object correspondence after the saccade, supporting the experience of perceptual continuity; and (d) the correction of gaze when the eyes fail to land on the intended object. VSWM is finely tuned to meet the challenges of active vision.
Neural Mechanisms of Inflammation-Induced Fever
Authors: Blomqvist Anders , Engblom David
Published: March 2018

Fever is a common symptom of infectious and inflammatory disease. It is well-established that prostaglandin E2 is the final mediator of fever, which by binding to its EP3 receptor subtype in the preoptic hypothalamus initiates thermogenesis. Here, we review the different hypotheses on how the presence of peripherally released pyrogenic substances can be signaled to the brain to elicit fever. We conclude that there is unequivocal evidence for a humoral signaling pathway by which proinflammatory cytokines, through their binding to receptors on brain endothelial cells, evoke fever by eliciting prostaglandin E2 synthesis in these cells. The evidence for a role for other signaling routes for fever, such as signaling via circumventricular organs and peripheral nerves, as well as transfer into the brain of peripherally synthesized prostaglandin E2 are yet far from conclusive. We also review the efferent limb of the pyrogenic pathways. We conclude that it is well established that prostaglandin E2 binding in the preoptic hypothalamus produces fever by disinhibition of presympathetic neurons in the brain stem, but there is yet little understanding of the mechanisms by which factors such as nutritional status and ambient temperature shape the response to the peripheral immune challenge.
Beyond the Shadow State: The Public–Private Food Assistance System as Networked Governance
Authors: Rosenthal Amy , Newman Kathe
Published: March 2018

The public–private food assistance system (PPFAS) emerged during the 1970s to address “emergency” food needs and has since grown into a regularized social welfare system of grocery and meal provision and related program delivery, realized through the collective efforts of organizations and individuals. We explore the context, history, and organization of the PPFAS to better understand how and why public and private actors work together to provide for the social welfare of poor people. We find that the PPFAS is organized as a multiactor, multiscalar network within which the relations between state, market, and civil society are continuously negotiated. The PPFAS may seem like the quintessential example of privatized governance with its attendant movement of decision making outside of the public sphere Rather than consider the PPFAS as a neoliberal fait accompli, we view the PPFAS as a site of contestation about how social welfare and, more broadly, democratic governance is organized.
Evidence for the Involvement of the Dopaminergic System in Seizure and Oxidative Damage Induced by Tramadol
Authors: Bameri Behnaz , Shaki Fatemeh , Ahangar Nematollah , Ataee Ramin , Samadi Mahedeh , Mohammadi Hamidreza
Published: March 2018

Tramadol (TR) is a synthetic analgesic drug with central function that can induce seizures even at therapeutic doses. The exact mechanism of TR effect on seizure generation is not clear, but inhibition of the serotonin and nitric oxide pathways and inhibitory effects on GABA receptors are the most common hypotheses about the seizure-inducing mechanism of the TR. This study aimed to evaluate the role of dopaminergic system on the seizure and oxidative damage induced by TR using agonist and antagonist drugs of this system in the Albino mice. Clonic seizure induced by TR was evaluated as seizure threshold. Haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg, IP), a predominantly D2 receptor antagonist, and cabergolin (0.5 mg/kg, IP), a dopamine agonist specific for the D2 receptors, were injected 60 minutes before the seizure induction. The seizure threshold was significantly increased by dopaminergic antagonist, but it was decreased significantly by pretreatment with the selective agonist. Oxidative stress biomarkers (reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl content) significantly increased and glutathione content significantly decreased in brain mitochondria by TR compared with the control group, whereas oxidative markers were decreased significantly after pretreatment with haloperidol compared with the TR group. This study revealed that the dopaminergic system is involved in TR-induced seizure, and meanwhile, inhibition of dopamine D2 receptors can increase the TR threshold seizure and decrease the oxidative damage in the brain mitochondria. Conversely, stimulation of dopamine D2 receptors by cabergolin can decrease the TR threshold seizure and glutathione content in the brain mitochondria.
“We don’t kiss like that”: Inuit women respond to music video representations
Authors: Glennie Cassidy
Published: March 2018

This study provides sociological insight into the response of Inuit women to mainstream Western media representations of their culture. Historically, there have been inaccurate and stereotypical media representations of Indigenous peoples reproduced in many forms of entertainment media. Social theories such as Pierre Bourdieu’s symbolic violence, Johan Galtung’s cultural violence, and George Gerbner and Gaye Tuchman’s symbolic annihilation are applied to contemporary media representations of Inuit women. This study explains how Inuit women make sense of popular music videos that utilize Inuit themes. Local Indigenous organizations in Rankin Inlet, Nunavut, were collaborated with to facilitate focus groups for Inuit women to express their reactions to the videos and discuss how their culture is presented in mainstream Western music videos. Key themes that were identified include the following: unrealistic Western beauty standards projected onto Indigenous women; the normalization of harmful media tropes including the silence regarding Inuit women’s victimization, and the issue of missing and murdered aboriginal women; and the importance of positive role models, and self-representation of Inuit women in media.