bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P03-218 - Effects Of Specific Attentiveness Training In Young Schizophrenic Patients With Multiple Drug Abuse
Authors: Kunert H.J. , Loehrer F.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Recent studies have conclusively proven the effectiveness of cognitive training in the context of psychiatric rehabilitation. Examinations on young schizophrenic drug users are yet to be done, although it could be shown that most of these patients are likely to relapse, abandon therapy and show untreated social adaptation disorders if existing cognitive functional deficits are not treated appropriately.

Method

Pre-post examinations were done on 35 schizophrenic drug users (mean age 26±8 years; 27/8 men) to assess various attentiveness functions (i.e. alertness, divided attentiveness, visual scanning) before and after computerised attentiveness training (CURE therapy system, Siemens (NCSys)). Patient results were compared to those of a control group matched for age, education, illness characteristics and current medication which did not undergo cognitive training. Cognitive training lasted 10 weeks. At the same time, patients were assessed using standardised scales to determine whether their performance improved after work therapy.

Results

Computerised attentiveness training led to significant (>30%) improvement in everyday attentiveness functions (tonic and phasic alertness, divided attentiveness) as did work therapy (precision, endurance), although some patient subgroups different in their course of therapy.

Discussion

Training specific attentiveness functions helps improve rehabilitation of young schizophrenic patients with multiple drug abuse. Subgroup effects may also be of clinical relevance.
P03-223 - Are Adducts Responsible For Addictive Behaviors?
Authors: Osain Welcome M. , Alekseevich Pereverzev V.
Published: June 2010

Sometimes addiction is referred to as the hallmark of drug abuse. But, whether addictive behaviors are caused by the drug itself, its metabolites, or adducts are still poorly understood. This paper is a review of recent data concerning the role of adducts in addictive behaviors. A number of studies have shown the ability of psychotic substances to react with proteins in vitro to give stable and unstable adducts. For instance, the interaction of acetaldehyde with proteins has been identified as a diastereoisomeric mixture of imidazolidinones. Malondialdehyde and acetaldehyde can react with proteins synergistically to form hybrid protein conjugates - MAA adducts. Biological responses to adduct-modified proteins may play a role in the pathology of drug-induced organ malfunctions/diseases. Majority of data shows that adducts of magnesium halide/alcohol; lipoprotein; 4-mthyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbaldehyde; FAAB; MAA are responsible for the damaging effect of alcohol at the cell, tissue and organ level and might be greatly responsible for addictive behaviors among drug users.
P03-227 - The Bi-Conceptional Model Of Brain'S Ethanol Effect
Authors: Osain Welcome M. , Alekseevich Pereverzev V.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

To identify a general view of the effect of alcohol on brain's functions, we developed a model that identifies the effect of underlying biochemical products of ethanol and its metabolites on brain functions.

Aim

To provide a general model for explaining alcohol effect on brain functions.

Materials and methods

Peer reviewed materials from Pubmed, Index Medicus, Elsevier from the year 1950 to April 2009 on the effect of ethanol at varying doses on the functions of the brain and liver were examined.

Results and conclusion

The bi-conception model of brain's ethanol effect holds that the effects that results from the intake of alcohol even in moderate doses is the resultant effect of hypoglycemic condition (inhibition of glyconeogenesis by increase in NADH/NAD and Lactate/pyruvate ratio) as well as direct effect of ethanol to the brain. Disglycemic control results in many alcohol related effect - like hyperketosis, steatosis, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis etc. Coagulopathy from liver dysfunction is also a major reason for the brain's ethanol effect. The resultant effect (dose-time-dependent effect) on brain functions might be ADHD, various psycho-dysfunctions etc. The extent of hypoglycemia predicts the capacity of neuronal functions.
P03-231 - The Telescoping Effect Of Alcohol: True Or False?
Authors: Osain Welcome M. , Alekseevich Pereverzev V.
Published: June 2010

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that for equal quantity of alcohol used, females experience greater effect, compared to males. This phenomenon is referred to the telescoping effect. These peculiarities are as a result of the gender differences in the brain's structural/functional systems etc. In spite of these differences, researchers have constantly reported a variety of inconsistencies of data concerning the differences in alcohol related problems among male and female genders. We therefore, reviewed and examined current literature data on the gender differences in alcohol use and related problems. Our data for the past years of research suggest that alcohol use is higher among the female population, although related problems are slightly higher among the males p< 0.05. These differences might be due to the higher doses of alcohol used by males, as well as the circumstances of use. Several other studies have noted a no difference rate in the percentages of alcohol users among female and male genders. This present work shows that the gender differences in alcohol use is closing up, and might show higher proportion of use, in some cases for the females. Generally, higher rate of alcohol problems are reported among males, probably because of the higher dose effect, as well as the peculiar sociability pattern of behavior among the male populations.
P03-235 - Effects Of Acute And Chronic Nicotine Exposure On Plasma Nt 3 Levels
Authors: Michel T. , Kumari V. , Krüttgen A. , Weis J. , Nwaigwe A. , Schneider F. , Williams S. , Ettinger U.
Published: June 2010

A growing body of evidence suggests that synaptic plasticity is involved in addictive behaviour and nicotine dependence (ND). Neurotrophic factors, such as neurotrophin 3 (NT3) play a key role in modulating neuronal plasticity. Therefore, an association between nicotine, smoking and neurotrophic factors has been suggested. However, the role of NT3 in ND has not been thoroughly investigated in humans so far.

We investigated the influence of chronic (long-term smoking) and acute nicotine administration on the plasma level of NT3. We measured plasma NT3 levels at baseline and then 15 and 45 minutes after nicotine or placebo administration using an enzyme-linked-immunoabsorbent-assay (ELISA). Smokers showed higher NT3 level than non-smokers at baseline. Interestingly, 15 minutes after acute nicotine injection, plasma level of NT3 in both smokers and non-smokers decreased significantly and went back to baseline levels after 30 minutes. We found that plasma nicotine and NT3 levels were positively correlated in smokers at baseline.

There is a direct interaction of nicotine with NT3, which is different in acute and chronic exposure. Interestingly, the concentration of NT3 is correlated and up-regulated in smokers. We propose that neuroplasticity, which plays a role in addictive behaviour such as smoking or nicotine dependence (ND) might be mediated by these interactions of nicotine and NT3. We speculate that these might even play a part in the so called “self-medicating” with cigarettes that is often seen in patients with certain mental disorders.
P03-238 - The use of cozart-test. A pilot study
Authors: Moretti F. , Atti A.R. , Cimino L. , Pioda G.B. , Mazzotti M. , Pieghetti D. , Silvestro R. , Giarratana R. , Arminio N. , De Ronchi D. , Petio C.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Cozart-test is a non-invasive instrument detecting recent use/abuse of drugs in oral fluid, largely employed in many environments including law enforcement. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of drug-use and its correlates in car-drivers in a wealthy area in Northern Italy.

Methods

The study-population consists of 67 subjects recruited by policemen in Bologna and surroundings. An alcohol-test was administered to all the drivers. The Cozart-test was administered only to a persons with a positive result to the alcohol-test. A semi-structured interview was also administered together with a brief clinical assessment.

Results

Drug-users were more frequently men (86,6%) of Italian origin (97%) and were often stopped nearby discos. A positive history of substance abuse was prevalent especially among subjects between 26 and 30 years of age (8,3%). Alcohol and Delta-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) were the type of substances most commonly declared.

Cozart-test resulted positive in one out of three participants. The Cozart-test largely confirmed the use of cocaine (17,6%) and two or more substance simultaneously (41,2%).

Conclusions

According to the most recent literature, our findings suggest that cocaine and THC are the substances more frequently used within recreational setting, confirming the poor perception of risk by young people, looking mainly for the disinhibiting and entactogen effects of these psychoactive drugs.
P03-241 - Factor Anaylsis Of Causes Of Relapse In Patients Of Opiod Addiction
Authors: Mukhtar M. , Khan M. , Gull M. , Sana N. , Chaudhry H.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Relapse in patients of opiod addiction is very common. Dynamics of addiction relapse are not fully understood as yet. Psychiatrists would explain it on basis neurotransmitter mediated disorders like anxiety, depression, OCD, lack of impulse control and etc. For sociologist relapse is an outcome of contradictions with in society. For a psychologist it is due to maladaptive life style. In this study integrated approach has been adopted to find out relative importance of different factors implicated in relapse.

Method

Team of psychiatrists, psychologists, addiction counselor identified different causes of relapse in patients with opiod addiction. They designed graded scale in which 10 factors were included. Study group was comprised of hundred relapsed patients. They filled Performa’s according to their personal experiences. Regression method was used for factor analysis.

Results

Statistical analysis revealed that peer group pressure, anhedonia, and premature ejaculation are first, second and third, factors respectively. Factors like pains and aches, insomnia, impulsivity and etc followed.

Discussion

Every relapse prevention program should adopt policy keeping in view relative importance of causes of relapse. For peer pressure narcotic anonymous meeting is the best solution. Anhedonia is due to reduction dopaminergic input at nucleus accumben. Dopamine agonist drugs like bupropion can be used for that. Inordinate sexual behavior and substance abuse are strongly associated. Premature ejaculation plays vital role in relapse of patients of opiod addiction. Sex therapy and drugs like SSRI,s and gabapentine can improve intra vaginal latency time.

Conclusion

Factor analysis can be helpful in relapse prevention program.
P03-245 - Can Personality Characters Predict Tendency To Addiction?
Authors: Nikpour G.A. , Homayouni A.
Published: June 2010

Objective

The aim of this research is to test this question that are there specific personality characters that lead to addiction?

Method

Method research is causative-comparative (Ex post facto). 153 addicted people and 153 nonaddicted people were randomly selected and MoKioly's Characterlogy Inventory (MCI) was administered on them. The inventory assess personality based on eight characters: sanguine, indifferent, nervous, indolent, indignant, passionate, sentimentee, amorphous.

Results

Findings showed addicted people are much more indifferent, sanguine and passionate than nonaddicted people.

Conclusion

In regard to people with these characters are much more at risk, they should be trained with special plans and be cared so that tendency to addiction in them decrease or control.
P03-246 - Assessment Of Detoxification Programmes For Alcoholics With The Ocds Questionnaire
Authors: Ntantouti G. , Kostaras T. , Tselebis A. , Poulis E. , Houtos I. , Papadopoulou V. , Bratis D. , Moussas G.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

The OCDS used for the assessment of obsessive and compulsive symptoms associated with alcohol intake and relapse may contribute significantly to the assessment of detoxification programmes.

Aim of paper

The assessment of patients after therapy, using OCDS.

Subjects - method

The OCDS was administered to 121 patients (94 males and 27 females) at the onset of treatment and upon its completion two months later. All patients were taking medication with naltrexone. Gender, age, education, years of alcohol use and abuse, alcoholism type (91 type I and 30 type II) were recorded.

Results

The averages years were: age 43,1±7,9, education 11,1±3,3, alcohol use 21,2±8,9, abuse 9,9±7,1. The average of the initial measurement was 27,2±8,2 significantly higher (paired t-test p< 0.001) than the second, the average of which was 5,3±7,6. 95% showed improvement with average improvement rate 21,9 ± 9,9. No correlation with age, alcohol use and abuse or alcoholism type (Pearson correlation p> 0.05) was observed, but lower improvement rate among females is indicated (18,7±10,9 VS 22.9±9.5 t-test p=0.05). Negative correlation between education and alcohol use and abuse (Pearson correlation p< 0.05), and positive correlation between the first and the second measurement were observed (Pearson correlation p>0.05).

Conclusion

Although therapy seems effective in reducing symptoms, further studies must prove that positive results persist over time. The OCDS seems useful for assessing treatment and has follow-up reliability. The small number of females in the sample renders it unsafe to make any generalisations regarding gender related results in this study.
P03-249 - A Unified Model: The Fishbone-B Pancreatic Cell Convergence Model Of Blood-Brain Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Osain Welcome M. , Alekseevic Pereverzev V.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

The brain utilizing mechanisms of glucose for neuronal functions are still poorly understood. To identify a unified model of blood-brain glucose metabolism, we developed a model that incorporates the pancreatic β-cell and the fishbone models of glucose metabolism and called it the CoBBGluM Model (or the Convergence model of Blood-Brain Glucose Metabolism) and examined the role of addictive substances (alcohol, cocaine etc) on the functions of the model.

Methods

The databases of Pubmed, Elsevier were searched for peer reviewed literatures (from 1950-2009yy) on the mechanisms and models of blood-brain glucose metabolism.

Results and conclusion

The major concept of the unified model is based on the fact that the major regulators (leptin and insulin) of blood-brain glucose metabolism work synergistically, rather than individually. Addictive substances adversely affect the blood-brain glucose transport system by their stimulating and toxic action on the control mechanisms of leptin and insulin. The metabolic byproducts of addictive substances might acquire electron-transmitter properties across mitochondrial membranes. All these processes subsequently lead to total equilibrium disorder of the CoBBGluM Model, and is the etiopathogenetic basis of most addiction-associated neurodegenerative disorders. Adequate therapies for addiction might lie on the full understanding of the CoBBGluM Model, since it serves a classical tool for explaining the role of addictive substances in the nervous system.
P03-250 - Theory Of Glucose-Dependent Alcohol Related Functional System Of Error Processing
Authors: Osain Welcome M. , Alekseevic Pereverzev V.
Published: June 2010

We have recently showed that episodic moderate intake (1-2 times/month) of alcohol in insignificant doses at 23ml of pure ethanol after a week's interval leads to increase in error commission under intensive mental activities using complex and standard psychophysiological tasks. We also noted an error commission response effect of moderate alcohol use on blood glucose concentration. The theory of glucose dependent alcohol-related functional system of error processing explains the results of our latest findings. It incorporates the Holroyd et al model (Holroyd et al. Trends in Neurosci 2003; 26 (8): 402 -404) and the fishbone model of brain glucose metabolism, in which leptin is the main regulator. The major postulates of this theory are based on the following: neuronal functions depend on the blood-brain glucose proportionality value. Lowering the blood glucose level (e.g. inadequate energy reserve) leads to loss of nervous impulses, subsequently leading to decrease neuronal functions. Under these conditions, the response-monitoring system in the basal ganglia is activated. The error processing capacity under these conditions depends on the activities of the mesencephalic dopamine system and anterior cingulate cortex, as well as the blood-brain glucose level. The major concepts of the functional system of error processing unravel basic knowledge about the effects of drugs etc on the functions of the nervous system.
P03-252 - Alcohol Use And Related Problems Among University Students: A Prevalence Survey In Belarus
Authors: Osain Welcome M. , Alekseevic Pereverzev V.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Alcohol use is a major public health problem in the general students’ population in Belarus. We therefore screen for the prevalence and trace the order of increase in alcohol use and related problems among students in Belarusian universities.

Methods

A total of 565 (1st-2nd courses, mean age - 19yrs); 537 (3rd - 4th courses, mean age - 21yrs); and 397 (5th - 6th courses, mean age - 23yrs) university students in Minsk, Belarus were administered questionnaire, containing the AUDIT, CAGE. The cut-off point on the AUDIT was set at 8. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 16.0 version for Windows; the criteria of Pearson, χ2 and Student's t testsñ. The probability value for significance was set at p< 0.05.

Results

Alcohol use and related problems increased with increase in the average age and year of study. In the 1st - 2nd, 3rd - 4th, 5th - 6th, alcohol users were 83.6%, 85.6%, 94.2% respectively and problem drinkers were 14.5%, 17.9%, 20.9% respectively. The use of strong strength alcoholic beverages was linked to a high risk of alcohol problems.

Conclusion

The level of alcohol use and related problems in the general students’ population in Belarus are high and show increase in order of increase both in the average age and the year of study.
P03-253 - Attitudes And Response Of Opioid-Dependent Clients To Receiving Certificates As Contingency Management- A Qualitative Survey
Authors: Pradhan S.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

The UK NICE Guidelines recommends Contingency Manangement as “the only psychosocial intervention wIth clear evidence for effectiveness as an adjunct to drug detoxification”.

Most resarch has been done with money,vouchers as incentives,raising ethical issues.

Aims

The aim of this study is to analyze the subjective attitudes of clients and changes in their recovery process,when awarded certificates as incentives for giving clean drug screens and complying with care-plan.

Methods

Clients were awarded 3 tiered certificates on providing a specific number of random consecutive negative drug screens to Heroin and Cocaine. Screens were deemed positive, if the client did not attend their appointments.

Level 1- three negative drug screens.

Level 2- six negative drug screens

Level 3- ten negative drug screens.

Study questionnares were filled by key-workers and clients.

Results

15 clients received certificates.

12 clients knew about certificates before their treatment began.

100% clients reported higher motivation to achieve subsequent certificates.

100% clients reported ‘encouragement’ to produce negative drug screens.

73% clients reported ‘encouragement’ to attend appointments with key-workers.

100% clients reported improved self-esteem.

100%clients reported positive responses from family, friends and clinicians.

100% reported a positive shift in their attitudes & behaviours towards drugs.

A few clients agreed that certificates enhanced their determination to give negative drug screens but would have done either ways.

Conclusions

Contingency management is a positive and effective adjunct to opiod detoxification. It should be incorporated into detox regimes more robustly and consistently.

Certificates as Contingency management raise no ethical issues,requires no staff training and requires low budget.
P03-267 - Impulsivity As Predictor Of Non-Fatal Overdose Among Opioid Users
Authors: Vucetic-Arsic S. , Stankovic M. , Alcaz S.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Heroin use has been associated with increased impulsive behavior. Overdose (OD) is a common cause of death among in opioide users, but majority of them report a history of non fatal OD. The aim of this study has been to observe the role of impulsivity among heroin users, as a prominent factor which can lead to non-fatal OD.

Methods

Sixty patients, heroin users (30 male and 30 female), were separated in two groups- first with positive history of non fatal OD and intravenous administration opoides and second without history of OD and same addiction pattern. Control group was formed of 30 heroin users reported non fatal OD and with intranasal administration opioides.The psychometric inventory- Barrat Impulsivity Scale (BIS 11), Dickman Impulsivity Inventory (DII), and Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) were also administrated to patients with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD).

Results

The results have demonstrated significantly higher mean scores on Barrat and Dickman scale, compared with control. Separated analyses of variance conducted on Motor Barrat Subscale and Dysfunctional impulsives on Dickman Inventory revealed significant correlation in mean scores (p< 0.01).The important relationship between seeking for sensation and motor impulsivity was shown.There is no relevant diference detected on HAMD compared to control.

Conclusion

Chronic abuse of illicit drugs, such as heroin, produces significant deficit in executive control functions.These findings suggests that impulsivity could be associated with increase risk of non- fatal overdose.
P03-275 - Some Cognitive Features And Perceived Social Support In Persons Treated For Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: Zorko M. , Roškar S. , Bucik V. , Jeriček Klanšček H. , Čebašek Travnik Z. , Kocijančič B. , Štabuc B.
Published: June 2010

Research highlights the importance of cognitive functions and availability of social support in the development of alcohol dependence syndrome. Cognitive deficits, specific features of perceived social support and high prevalence of depression were found in alcohol-dependent persons treated for alcohol dependence by psychiatrists. On the other hand, the population of people treated for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in gastroenterology departments has seldom been investigated. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of depression, problem-solving and perceived social support in persons with ALD (N = 42) as compared to those with non-alcoholic liver disease (N = 9) and hospital controls (N = 31). AUDIT-10, Beck Depression Inventory, WCST, Means-ends problem solving test and Perceived social support questionnaire were used. We did not confirm the hypothesis that persons with ALD would show more signs and symptoms of depression as compared to the other two groups. Persons with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease showed decreased cognitive flexibility and deficits in problem solving compared to hospital controls, further on persons with ALD showed deficits in interpersonal problem solving, which were evident in the phase of generating alternative solutions to the problem. Persons with ALD had smaller social network, while no differences between the groups were found regarding satisfaction with support and other examined social network characteristics. Psychosocial interventions aimed at persons treated for ALD in gastroenterology departments should focus on teaching effective problem-solving techniques, strengthening supportive network ties and encouraging people to use alternative sources of support.
P03-276 - Prevalence Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In The Severe Mental Illness: Clinical Implications
Authors: Alvarez M.J. , Cecilia R. , Oses A. , Foguet Q. , Sola J. , Roura P. , Arrufat F.X.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

In some different studies, a high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been found in patients with several mental illness (SMI): schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar disorder.

Aims

Evaluate the prevalence and correlates of PTSD in a sample of patients with SMI.

Methods

Adult patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar I disorder were enrolled.

Patients who score 3 or more in conceptual disorganisation, hallucinations and/or unusual contents of thinking and 4 in another item of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) were excluded.

Interventions

Sociodemographic data

Traumatic Live Events Questionnarie. Kubany ang Hayne, 2001.

Distressing Event Questionnaire. Kubany anb Haynes, 2001, related to PTSD diagnostic DSM-IV criteria.

Results

102 patients were included.

The diagnostic subgrup of SMI patients were: 40 bipolar disorder, 52 schizophrenia and 10 schizoaffective desorder.

The prevalence of PTSD was found in 15.1%: Criterion B (reexperiencing) 34.4%, Criterion C (avoindance and numbing) 27.1%, Criterion D (hyperarousal) 27.1%.

The PTSD was more prevalent in females: 21.7% versus 8.5% (p 0.074). Only in criterium of hyperarousal the differences of gender were significatives (p 0.02).

There were no significative differences in dignostic subgrups (p 0.381).

Patients with PTSD had some suicide attempt history in 64.3% versus in 35.7% the patients without PTSD (p 0.042).

Conclusions

The comorbidity of PTSD in SMI was found in a fifteen percent, and only three patients had been diagnostiqued.

PTSD is significantly related to history of suicide attempts in patients with SMI.
P03-298 - Dimensions Of Personality And Suicidal Attempts
Authors: Lukic B. , Perunicic I. , Mandic V. , Lecic Tosevski D.
Published: June 2010

Background and aims

Depression is among the most prevalent psychiatric conditions in general population. Previous reports established a link between suicidal attempts and major depressive disorder (MDD). There is a large number of risk factors which can participate in suicidal behavior. Many studies showed the role of personality dimensions such as borderline personality dimensions risk factors of suicidal behavior. The aim of this study was to assess dimensions of personality in inpatients who were hospitalized after suicidal attempt.

Method

The sample consisted of sixty inpatients with MDD diagnosed with ICD X. There were thirty patients with suicidal attempt and thirty with no history of suicidal attempts. The assessment of personality dimensions was carried out by the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI III).

Results

Our findings have shown that borderline and masochistic dimensions were more frequently present in the group of patients with suicidal attempts. Compulsive dimensions were more present in the group of patients with no history of suicidal attempt.

Conclusion

Borderline personality dimensions with underlying impulsivity and low level of self-confidence might be potential risk factor for suicidal behavior, while the patients with a rigid system of organization and conscientiousness are less prone to suicidal behavior. Assessing personality dimensions is recommended in the process of psychodiagnostics and might be useful in preventive interventions.
P03-304 - Sex, Ethnic And Alcohol Abuse Differences In South Tyrolean Suicides: Two Psychological Autopsy Studies
Authors: Pycha R. , Pompili M. , Giupponi G.
Published: June 2010

Objective

The aims of the two pieces of work are to study wheter any differences exist in the rates and characteristics of suicide by ethnicity, sex and alcohol abuse in South Tyrol, Italy.

Methods

Psychological autopsy interviews were conducted for suicides who died between March 1997 and July 2006.

Results

332 individuals belonging to the three major South Tyrolean ethnic groups (Germans, Italians and Ladins, who speak a Rhaeto-Romance language) died by suicide.

Germans were 1,37 times more at risk to commit suicide than Italians (95% CI 1.04/1.80; z=2.26, p< .05). 69% of the suicides had attended school for less than 8 years, and Germans (OR 4,62; 955 CI:2.52/8.47; p< .001) were more likely to have lower education than Italians. A further comparison of 267 male victims with and without alcohol abuse in their history evidenced that alcohol abusers were 3,5 times more likely to have low educational attainment, 4,22 times more likely to have been unemployed or have employment instability and 2.29 times more likely to have job security than male suicides without alcohol use disorders.

Conclusions

The study indicates that suicide, an alarming health problem in South Tyrol, may require different preventive interventions for men and women, for those of different ethnicities and for people with and without alcohol use disorder.
P02-380 - The Social Climate Of A Women'S Forensic Pathway Of Care According To Level Of Security, Diagnosis And Therapeutic Alliance
Authors: Fox E. , Anagnostakis K. , Somers J. , Silaule P. , Long C. , West R.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

The social climate of a unit is an important feature in treatment outcomes (Moos 1974). The Essen Climate Evaluation Schema (EssenCES; Schalast et al 2008) has been developed specifically for forensic settings but research in secure settings for women has been limited.

Objectives

To compare staff and patient perception of social climate and it's relationship to therapeutic alliance, motivation to change and level of disturbance across levels of security within a women's secure care pathway.

Aims

To assess the implications for therapeutic milieu and service development.

Method

Questionnaire survey of staff and patients in 2 medium and 2 low secure units using; EssenCES (Shalast et al 2008); California Psychotherapy Alliance Scale (Mormar et al 1986); and Patient Motivation Inventory (PMI; Gudjonsson et al 2007).

Comparisons are made across levels of security, treatment programme, therapeutic alliance, patient motivation and disturbed behaviour.

Results

Social climate varied between levels of security and was also found to co vary with perceived therapeutic alliance and patient motivation to change. Differences between staff and patient ratings along with treatment implications are discussed.

Conclusion

Measuring the social climate in a secure women's service is an important part of a wider assessment of the therapeutic milieu that has practical implications for the ongoing development of therapy services.
P02-384 - Coping Of Stress In Women In Terminal Stage Of Oncological Disease
Authors: Markova M. , Martynova Y. , Kuzhel I.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Palliative Medicine of the Kiev City Oncology Hospital from August 2008 to September 2009.The aim of the study was to identify the psychoemotional condition of women in the terminal stage of cancer and identify key factors that will influence the effectiveness of coping with the stressful situation.

Methods

Assessment tools: surveillance, clinical and diagnostic interview, objective psychometric scales and test methods to identify the studied trait. The data were subjected to quantitative analysis with subsequent qualitative interpretation and meaningful generalization.

Results

It was examined 193 women with cancer diagnosed in the terminal stage of disease. For all patients were characterized by an aesthetic syndrome combined with depressed (34%), anxiety (47%), less hypochondriac (11%) manifestations of depending on personality traits and physical condition. We have identified the following factors that affect the effectiveness of coping with stress, the introduced disease: the ability to control the physical symptoms, especially pain, individual-typological personality characteristics of patients, on the presence of emotional supported by the family.

Conclusions

Coping behaviour was better in families of women, which practiced open communication about the illness, maintains the atmosphere of openness, the patient was actively involved in issues concerning the tactics of treatment, symptoms to monitor. Thus, family psychological counselling must be included in the program to help women with cancer in terminal stages of disease.
P02-387 - Depressive Symptomatology In Pregnancy Detected With Epds: The Problem Of False Positive
Authors: Mauri M. , Banti S. , Borri C. , Rambelli C. , Ramacciotti D. , Oppo A. , Montagnani M.S. , Camilleri V. , Cortopassi S. , Cianelli E. , Ciberti A. , Giorgi Mariani M. , Cassano G.B.
Published: June 2010

Objective

Literature underlines that the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was the most common measure to assess pregnancy and postpartum depression worldwide and suggests that the rate of false positive cases is high. Furthermore, the EPDS measures, but not distinguish between depression and anxiety. The aim of this study was to value the ability of the Mood Spectrum Self Report Last Month (MOOD SR LM) to detect the rate of false positive obtained with EPDS

Method

We recruited 81 pregnant women at the third month of pregnancy. 32 women were affected by Major Depression (MD) assessed by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV Axis I Diagnosis and 49 women had EPDS score ≥ 13 but didn’t reach the diagnosis of MD by SCID I(False posivite group). Women were administered with the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R), MOOD SR-LM, Work and Social Adjustment Scale(WSAS) at the third month of pregnancy.

Results

The two groups wasn't different concerning the average scores using PDPI and EPDS. The WSAS average scores were higher in the depressed women group than in the false positive group. Tree factors of MOOD SR LR (“Depressive Mood”, “Psychomotor Retardation and “Drug/Illness related Depression”) had higher average scores in the depressed women group than in the false positive group.

Conclusion

To our results, MOOD SR LM seem to be able to decrease the false positive cases. Further studies concerning this use of MOOD SR LM are necessary.
P02-390 - Psychological Aspect Of Social Adaptation Of The Woman
Authors: Panchenko L. , Zozul N.
Published: June 2010

Research objective

To reveal presence of psychological problems which influence quality of a life in women.

Objective

210 persons of the female which age has made I8-50 years Have been surveyed. From them working 169 people (80,4%), idle - 41 people (19,5%).

Methods

Clinical questionnaire for revealing of neurotic conditions, method of colour elections Lusher; statistical method of research.

Mmore often others such complaints, as dream infringement, the irritability, the raised uneasiness, sensitivity, feeling of injustice are marked. Disputed interpersonal situations became most often psychoinjuring factor for clients, situations of humiliated own advantage, experience of cruel treatment comes from the childhood.

Results

By the received results at 172 women (82%) various variants desadaptation have been revealed: clinically significant depression - 75% (129 people), the raised level of alarm - 56,3% (97 people), hysterical frustration - 20,3% (35 people), astenic - 58,7% (101 people), vegetative infringements - 89% (151 people), obsessiv-fobic frustration - 26,7% (46 people). On method of colour elections high level of uneasiness and an emotional pressure is diagnosed for 116 women (67,4%), working capacity decrease in 100% of cases (172 women). The others 38 clients (18%) - is marked norm (p≤0,01).

Conclusions

We have come to conclusion about necessity of creation of the psychocorrectional program and the psychopreventive help which will consist in increase stress stability, frustration tolerances, responsibility for the health, development sanogenic thinking, -relaksation and the corporally-focused programs which will be given as a method trening exessize, and individual consultations for the female population.
P02-391 - Use Of Electro Convulsive Therapy For Treatment Resistant Major Depressive Disorder In Pregnant Patients : Case Series
Authors: Passov V.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Use of electro convulsive therapy (ECT) in pregnancy has been a controversial issue for a while, and the data describing cases where ECT was utilized, is limited.

Objectives/aims

The study describes two cases with reference to presenting psychopathology, course of treatment, and previous strategies used. This is followed by a discussion of risks and benefits of ECT use in pregnancy as well as monitoring measures which help prevent negative outcome.

Methods

Two cases of treatment resistant depression during pregnancy are described. The details about treatment approaches used prior to consideration of ECT are provided.

Results

ECT was considered as a last resort and both patients decided to undergo treatment. By the end of the intensive treatment course improvement of symptoms was noticed in both patients to a greater to lesser degree.

Conclusion

In cases when medication trials alone or even in combination with psychotherapy do not result in significant improvement of depressive symptoms, ECT may be used to maximize positive treatment result in pregnant population. It is an effective treatment for severe mental illness, however, proper monitoring system needs to be in place to minimize negative outcome for fetus and mother.
P02-396 - The Prevalence of Depression And Poor Quality of Life in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Danciulescu Miulescu R. , Danoiu S. , Danoiu M. , Poiana C. , Cristescu V.
Published: June 2010

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was defined by the presence of menstrual dysfunction, together with clinical and/or biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism, and exclusion of other etiologies. Depression and poor quality of life (QoL) is a prominent characteristic of women who have polycystic ovary syndrome. Part of the depression stems from the emotional difficulty of being infertile, overweight, hirsutism, acne, hair loss or some other disturbing symptom. The polycystic ovary syndrome health-related QoL questionnaire (PCOSQ) of Cronin is the only specific measure for assessing health-related QoL in PCOS. It comprises 26 items and includes five domains: emotional, body hair, infertility, weight, and menstrual problems. This questionnaire is designed for women with PCOS. The Zung self-rating depression scale was used to assess depressive symptomatology. It contains 20 items: index scores below 50 reflect no depression, 50-59 reflect mild depression, 60-69 reflect marked to moderate depression and scores of 70 or greater reflect severe to extreme depression. 64 women with PCOS were recruited for this study. Results of Zung scale were compared with measurements in 44 women without PCOS. Women with PCOS had lower QoL on all factors of the QoL questionnaire. The prevalence of depression in women with PCOS was 35.93% (23 women, 18 women present mid depression and 5 women moderate or severe depression) and in women without PCOS was 9.09% (4 women wirh mild depression). PCOS is associated with depression and reduced QoL. Women with PCOS should be routinely screened and adequately treated for depression.
PW01-01 - Treatment of Atypical Depression: Post-Hoc Analysis of a Rct Testing The Efficacy Of Sertraline and Cbt in Primary Care Patients
Authors: Allgaier A.-K. , Mergl R. , Hautzinger M. , Kohnen R. , Coyne J.C. , Möller H.-J. , Hegerl U. , Henkel V.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Atypical features are common among depressed primary care patients, but clinical trials testing the efficacy of psychopharmacological and/or psychotherapeutic treatment are lacking. This paper examines the efficacy of sertraline and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) among depressed patients with atypical features.

Methods

Analyses involve a double-blind comparison of sertraline versus placebo (N=47) and a single-blind comparison between CBT versus a guided self-help group (GSG) (N=48), with primary efficacy endpoints being the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDSC) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17).

Results

In intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses, the decrease on the IDSC scale (and HAMD-17) was greater after CBT compared to GSG: p=0.01 (HAMD-17: p=0.01). The difference between SSRI versus placebo was not significant: p=0.22 (HAMD-17: p=0.36). At endpoint, the CBT versus GSG difference in mean change from baseline IDSc scores was 7.69 points (HAMD-17: 4.97 points), the sertraline versus placebo difference was 3.07 points (HAMD-17: 0.59 points).

Conclusions

The data provide a preliminary suggestion that the mix of patients with minor or mild major depression with atypical features may not be best treated with an SSRI, but that these conditions might be amenable to CBT. Although SSRI were not superior to placebo, it would be premature to rule out SSRI as efficacious in atypical depression.
PW01-11 - Effect of Adjunctive Aripiprazole on Quality of Life in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: Pooled Data From Three Clinical Trials
Authors: Gismondi R. , Loze J.-Y. , Baker R. , Jing Y. , Corey-Lisle P. , Rollin L. , Tran Q.-V. , Forbes R. , Berman R.
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Assessing impact of treatment from the patient perspective provides additional information about treatment efficacy in major depressive disorder (MDD) trials.

Objectives

Pooled data from three identically designed clinical trials showed aripiprazole adjunctive to antidepressant therapy (ADT) was effective in treating MDD.1

Methods

Patients who completed an 8-week prospective ADT phase with inadequate response were randomized double-blind to 6-weeks adjunctive treatment with aripiprazole or placebo. The Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) is a 16-item, self-report measure to evaluate daily functioning, with higher scores indicating better satisfaction. Comparisons of mean change from baseline (Week 8) to Week 14 in Q-LES-Q-SF items and general subscores were performed using ANCOVA (LOCF).

Results

There was significant improvement in the Q-LES-Q-SF Overall-General subscore (total of items 1-14 expressed as a percentage of the maximum possible score) in the aripiprazole-treatment group (9.49% [n=507]) vs placebo (5.71% [n=492] p< 0.001). Placebo was significantly higher than aripiprazole in Physical Ability (placebo 0.13 vs aripiprazole 0.02, p=0.020). Aripiprazole was significantly higher than placebo in all other items except Physical Health and Vision. Aripiprazole also produced significant increases in both the Satisfaction with Medication (Item 15) (aripiprazole 0.36 vs placebo 0.20, p< 0.01) and Overall Satisfaction (Item 16) (aripiprazole 0.61 vs placebo 0.35, p< 0.001) scores.

Conclusions

Results emphasize that assessment of patient functioning and quality of life may have utility both in clinical trials and clinical practice.2
PW01-15 - Neurocognitive Function in Clinically Stable Patients With Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia and Normal Controls
Authors: Konstantakopoulos G. , Patrikelis P. , Ioannidi N. , Soumani A. , Oulis P. , Sakkas D. , Ploumpidis D. , Papadimitriou G.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

There is a substantial body of evidence that cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder persist after the subsidence of active symptoms. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the cognitive functioning of patients with clinically stable schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Methods

Attention, memory, verbal learning ability, visuospatial ability, executive functions and social cognition were assessed in 21 patients with schizophrenia in remission, 23 euthymic bipolar-I patients, and 27 normal controls, using WAIS - Vocabulary, Block design, and Digit span, Stroop Test, Babcock Story Recall Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Trail Making Test (Trails A and B), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Faux Pas Recognition Test. The three groups were matched for gender, age and education. One-way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni corrections was used for the between groups comparisons.

Results

Both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia patients were significantly impaired on tests of working memory, learning abilities, and executive functions compared to control subjects. Patients with schizophrenia performed significantly worse than patients with bipolar disorder on attention and verbal memory tasks, whereas the latter performed worse than normal controls on visuospatial ability tasks.

Table 1

Comparison of neuropsychological function

 Bipolar Disorder Mean (SD)Schizophrenia Mean (SD)Normal controls Mean (SD)FpPost-hoc test (p)WAIS - Vocabulary10.1 (1.8)10.2 (1.8)12.0 (1.6)6.06.004S < N (.015) B < N (.008)WAIS - Block design7.9 (2.5)9.9 (3.6)10.3 (2.7)3.76.032B < N (.039)Stroop - Word84.3 (18.7)82.3 (26.8)97.7 (16.5)4.03.022S < N (.038)Stroop - Colour59.5 (12.3)56.8 (16.8)72.0 (12.1)8.74.000S < N (.001) B < N (.006)Babcock - Delay recall12.1 (3.9)7.7 (3.3)13.2 (3.3)15.71.000S < N (.000) S < B (.000)WCST - categories2.4 (1.4)2.5 (1.3)3.1 (1.1)2.49.090nsWCST - perseverative errors14.6 (13.1)18.5 (16.4)11.1 (8.2)1.30.280nsTrails B164.1 (83.2)170.2 (76.8)86.7 (43.3)11.68.000S > N (.000) B > N (.001)Faux Pas - detection38.6 (11.6)40.1 (14.6)46.2 (9.6)2.64.080ns

Conclusions

Our results indicate that stable schizophrenia and euthymic bipolar disorder exhibit different but overlapping profiles of cognitive impairment.
PW01-16 - Neurocognitive Function in Bipolar Disorder: an Examination During Episode and in Remission
Authors: Konstantakopoulos G. , Ioannidi N. , Patrikelis P. , Economou A. , Sakkas D. , Ploumpidis D. , Oulis P.
Published: June 2010

Objectives

Cognitive function seems to be impaired during both the acute and euthymic phases of bipolar disorder. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of remission on cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder.

Methods

Attention, memory, verbal learning ability, visuospatial ability, executive functions and social cognition were assessed in 19 patients with bipolar-I patients during an episode of the illness and in remission as well as in 16 normal controls, using WAIS - Vocabulary, Block design, and Digit span, Stroop Test, Babcock Story Recall Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Trail Making Test (Trails A and B), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Faux Pas Recognition Test. The two groups were matched for gender, age and education. Paired t-test was used to compare patients’ neuropsycholigical performance in episode and euthimic states and one-way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni corrections for the between groups comparisons.

Results

Patients showed cognitive dysfunction in verbal learning, visospatial ability, executive functions and social cognition during both the acute and the euthymic phases in relation to the comparison group. Poorer performance in attention and working memory tasks was observed only in the acute phase of the illness. Performance in verbal learning and executive function tasks was significantly improved but still impaired in remission.

 BD-Ep (n = 19) Mean (SD)BD-Rem(n = 19) Mean (SD)tp WAIS - Vocabulary9.6 (1.7)9.9 (1.6)- 1.55.137BD-Ep < NC BD-Rem < NCWAIS - Block design7.9 (2.2)8.3 (1.9)- 0.64.532BD-Ep < NC BD-Rem < NCStroop - Word77.9 (19.2)82.8 (19.8)- 1.21.243BD-Ep < NCStroop - Colour56.7 (14.8)60.3 (12.9)- 1.28.218BD-Ep < NCRAVLT - Best learning9.9 (2.6)11.0 (2.8)- 2.52.021BD-Ep < NC BD-Rem < NCRAVLT - Delay recall7.3 (3.3)9.2 (3.5)- 3.41.003BD-Ep < NC BD-Rem < NCWCST - perseverative errors19.5 (10.6)13.5 (7.9)3.21.005BD-Ep > NCTrails B181.0 (92.2)167.1 (91.4)1.28.218BD-Ep > NC BD-Rem > NCFaux Pas - detection35.0 (8.9)37.8 (10.5)- 1.15.266BD-Ep < NC BD-Rem < NC

[The effect of remission on cognitive functioning]

Conclusions

Patients with bipolar disorder exhibit similar profiles of cognitive impairment during the acute and the euthymic phases of the illness.