bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Varying undersampling directions for accelerating multiple acquisition magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kim Ki Hwan , Seo Sunghun , Do Won‐Joon , Luu Huan Minh , Park Sung‐Hong
Published: June 2021

In this study, we propose a new sampling strategy for efficiently accelerating multiple acquisition MRI. The new sampling strategy is to obtain data along different phase‐encoding directions across multiple acquisitions. The proposed sampling strategy was evaluated in multicontrast MR imaging (T1, T2, proton density) and multiple phase‐cycled (PC) balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) imaging by using convolutional neural networks with central and random sampling patterns. In vivo MRI acquisitions as well as a public database were used to test the concept. Based on both visual inspection and quantitative analysis, the proposed sampling strategy showed better performance than sampling along the same phase‐encoding direction in both multicontrast MR imaging and multiple PC‐bSSFP imaging, regardless of sampling pattern (central, random) or datasets (public, retrospective and prospective in vivo). For the prospective in vivo applications, acceleration was performed by sampling along different phase‐encoding directions at the time of acquisition with a conventional rectangular field of view, which demonstrated the advantage of the proposed sampling strategy in the real environment. Preliminary trials on compressed sensing (CS) also demonstrated improvement of CS with the proposed idea. Sampling along different phase‐encoding directions across multiple acquisitions is advantageous for accelerating multiacquisition MRI, irrespective of sampling pattern or datasets, with further improvement through transfer learning.
PVP‐coated PVC with triazoles for reduced cell adhesion and bacterial growth
Authors: Almousa Rashed , Wen Xin , Anderson Gregory , Xie Dong
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to synthesize and coat a biocompatible polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer with pendent functional groups capable of forming triazole functionality onto surface of polyvinylchloride (PVC) and evaluate the modified surface. The coated surfaces were assessed with cell adhesion, bacterial adhesion and bacterial viability. Mouse fibroblast (NIH‐3 T3) cells and three bacteria species were used to assess surface adhesion and antibacterial activity. Results showed that the coated surface not only exhibited significantly reduced cell adhesion with a 65–85% decrease to 3 T3 fibroblast but also showed significantly reduced bacterial attachment with 52–76%, 45–66%, and 45–69% decrease to Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, as compared to original PVC. Furthermore, the polymer‐coated PVC surface exhibited a significant antibacterial function by inhibiting bacterial growth with reduction of 77–90%, 55–87%, and 55–92% to S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, respectively, as compared to original PVC. These results indicate that covalent polymer attachment enhanced antibacterial and antifouling properties to the PVC surface.
Front Cover Image, Volume 77, Issue 7
Authors: Chong Pablo , Essoh Josué Ngando , Arango Isaza Rafael E , Keizer Paul , Stergiopoulos Ioannis , Seidl Michael F , Guzman Mauricio , Sandoval Jorge , Verweij Paul E , Scalliet Gabriel , Sierotzski Helge , de Lapeyre de Bellaire Luc , Crous Pedro W , Carlier Jean , Cros Sandrine , Meijer Harold J G , Peralta Esther Lilia , Kema Gert H J
Published: June 2021

The front cover image is based on the Research Article A world‐wide analysis of reduced sensitivity to DMI fungicides in the banana pathogen Pseudocercospora fijiensis by Pablo Chong et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6372.

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Back Cover Image, Volume 77, Issue 7
Authors: Wang Wei , Cheng Xiang , Cui Xue , Xia Dongguo , Wang Ziqing , Lv Xianhai
Published: June 2021

The back cover image is based on the Research Article Synthesis and biological activity of novel Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐one derivatives as potent antifungal agent by Wei Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6406.

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Robust monotonic convergent iterative learning control design: An LMI‐based method
Authors: Su Lanlan
Published: June 2021

This work investigates robust monotonic convergent iterative learning control (ILC) for uncertain linear systems in both time and frequency domains, and the ILC algorithm optimizing the convergence speed in terms ofl2norm of error signals is derived. First, it is shown that the robust monotonic convergence of the ILC system can be established equivalently by the positive definiteness of a matrix polynomial over some set. Then, a necessary and sufficient condition in the form of sum of squares for the positive definiteness is proposed, which is amendable to the feasibility of linear matrix inequalities. Based on such a condition, the optimal ILC algorithm that maximizes the convergence speed is obtained by solving a set of convex optimization problems. Moreover, the order of the learning function can be chosen arbitrarily so that the designers have the flexibility to decide the complexity of the learning algorithm.
Catalyst‐Free One‐Pot Multi‐Component Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Quinazolin‐4‐carboxamides from 2‐Aminophenyl‐2‐oxoacetamides, Aldehydes, and Ammonium Acetate
Authors: Shim Seung‐Hwan , Park Hyejun , Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Kim In Su , Lee Jae Kyun , Lee Kiho , Jalani Hitesh B. , Choi Yongseok
Published: June 2021

Herein, we report a simple and straightforward catalyst‐free one‐pot multi‐component synthesis of quinazolin‐4‐carboxamides using 2‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐N,N‐dialkyl‐2‐oxoacetamide, aldehydes and ammonium acetate. As compared to the conventional approached for quinazolin‐4‐carboxamides synthesis, this transformation demonstrates very good reactivity by tolerating a large number of functional groups, and proceeds with good to moderate yields under mild conditions. Notably, the synthesized 6‐bromoquinazolin‐4‐carboxamide was subjected to Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling and Buchwald‐Hartwig C−N bond forming reactions providing a straightforward method to obtain structurally diverse and valuable quinazoline scaffolds. Furthermore, the reaction could be easily scaled up to gram scale.
ZIF‐8 Decorated WO3Nanoplates with Robust Surface Activation for the Enhanced Performances in Photocatalytic N2Fixation
Authors: Xu Fang , Pan Jialiang , Li Bian , Wu Dapeng , Wang Xinjun , Jiang Yuqin , Li Wei , Jiang Kai , Niu Bingxuan
Published: June 2021

In order to achieve the activation of the inert N≡N triple bonds during the photo‐derived N2fixation, WO3/ZIF‐8 heterogeneous materials with controlled ZIF‐8 coating layer on WO3nanoplates were prepared via a facile wet process. The WO3/ZIF‐8 heterogeneous materials were adopted as photocatalysts in the conversion from N2to nitrate under visible light irradiation. The results demonstrated that WO3/ZIF‐8 heterogeneous materials has NO3−yield of ∼5.4 mg/g, which is ∼5 times higher than that of WO3nanoplates (∼1.1 mg/g). The improved photocatalytic performance of WO3/ZIF‐8 heterogeneous materials was attributed to the enhanced physical and chemical adsorption of N2molecules resulting from the porous structure of ZIF‐8. In addition, WO3/ZIF‐8 heterogeneous materials exhibited enhanced separation and transfer of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs due to the optimized interface between WO3and ZIF‐8, which finally contributed to the high performances in the photocatalytic N2fixation.
A Comparative Study on Interactions of Ternary Copper(II) Complexes and Their Analogues Anchored Polymer (BPEI) with Serum Albumins
Authors: Sugumar Kannan , Vignesh Gopalsamy , Arunachalam (Retired) Sankaralingam
Published: June 2021

In the present investigation, a series of ternary copper(II) complexes anchored branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI), [Cu(phen)(L‐AA)]NO3‐a‐BPEI with three different degree of anchoring were synthesized by ligand substitution method and characterized (where, Phen‐1,10 Phenanthroline, AA: ala‐Alanine (1), gln‐Glutamine (2), ile‐Isoleucine (3), leu‐Leucine (4) and pro‐Proline (5). Interactions studies of copper(II) complexes anchored BPEI (1‐5) and their precursor analogues with serum albumins have been investigated by different spectroscopy techniques. The calculated binding constant values indicate that the binding affinities among the copper(II) complexes anchored BPEI are in the order of complex 3>4>5>1>2. Besides, the binding affinities of copper(II) complexes anchored BPEI increased with the increasing degree of anchoring of copper(II) complex units in the BPEI polymer chain. The thermodynamic studies confirm that the ordinary copper(II) complexes underwent hydrophobic mode of interactions with serum albumins whereas the copper(II) complexes anchored BPEI (1‐5) undergo electrostatic interactions predominantly along with some hydrophobic force. Finally, the circular dichroism spectral studies confirmed that the copper(II) complexes anchored BPEI (1‐5) can bound with the amino acid residues of the main polypeptide chain of the BSA/HSA and destroyed their hydrogen‐bonding networks, resulting in some unfolding of the polypeptides of serum albumins.
Synthesis of New Lansiumamide A/Alatamide (cis‐Isomer) Based Unnatural α‐Amino Acid Derivatives via the Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross Coupling as Key Step
Authors: Sambaiah M. , Thota PradeepKumar , Kottawar Shrinivas S. , Yennam Satyanarayana , Shiva Kumar K. , Behera Manoranjan
Published: June 2021

We have developed a new synthetic method for the preparation of Lansiumamide‐amino acid (1) as well as Alatamide (cis‐isomer)‐amino acid (2) hybrids. The key step involves the Suzuki coupling reaction of N‐((Z)‐2‐bromovinyl) cinnamamide with phenylboronic acid and (Z)‐N‐(2‐iodovinyl)benzamide with 4‐methoxy phenylboronic acid. The Suzuki coupling of N‐((E)‐2‐bromo‐2‐phenylvinyl) cinnamamide as well as (E)‐N‐(2‐Iodo‐2‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)vinyl)benzamide with 4‐borono‐pinacol ester of phenylalanine to give the Lansiumamide‐phenylalanine and Alatamide (cis‐isomer)‐phenylalanine amino acid hybrids in good yields. This is the first synthesis of C‐linked Lansiumamide A and Alatamide (cis‐isomer)‐amino acid conjugates where both the natural products are linked to amino acid through C−C bond.
Hollow PtCo Nanowires with Rough Surfaces as Highly Active Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Jincheng , Li Chuang , Zhu Wenjun , Meng Jipeng , Liang Changhai
Published: June 2021

Platinum‐based nanowires/nanotubes electrocatalysts have a wide application for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the fuel cells due to their remarkable electron transport capacity, ultra‐high Pt utilization and stable one‐dimensional structure, but their practical application is limited by catalytic activity and durability. In this paper, a one‐pot two‐step method for the synthesis of hollow PtCo nanowires (H‐PtCo NWs) was reported. The Co nanowires with roughish surfaces synthesized by solvothermal method were used as sacrifice templates to form an intermediate of the Co@Pt NWs through incomplete galvanic replacement steps, and then the H‐PtCo NWs were synthesized by subsequent etching process. XRD and TEM confirmed the presence of Pt and Co in H‐PtCo NWs and the highly open one‐dimensional structure. The ORR test showed the high ORR activity of H‐PtCo NWs catalyst against the Co@Pt NWs and the Pt/C. The ORR durability of the H‐PtCo NWs was demonstrated from the high retention of the ORR activity after ADTs. Therefore, the combination of one‐dimensional characteristics, the alloying of Co element, the high exponent crystal plane and highly open struct of the H‐PtCo NWs/C catalyst contributed to the remarkable ORR activity.
Preparation of Spherical Cellulose Nanoparticles from Recycled Waste Cotton for Anticancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Gülsu Aydan , Yüksektepe Ecem
Published: June 2021

Using natural waste resources as a starting material for the preparation of cellulose nanoparticles is a field of interest for novel pharmaceutical applications. This study aims to introduce cellulose nanoparticles for Doxorubicin (DOX) delivery to tumor cells. Cellulose nanocrystals were first produced from waste cotton by hydrochloric acid (1 M) hydrolysis, and then spherical cellulose nanoparticles were prepared by microemulsion method. The prepared particles were spherical with 300 nm in size, and the zeta potential was −12.5 mV. The drug entrapment efficiency was ∼99 % (w/w). DOX loaded particles exhibited a biphasic release pattern at pH 7.4 phosphate buffer without initial burst effect. Release experiments demonstrated that DOX release was up to 34 days (97 %). In vitro cytotoxicity assay on human A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) cell line was performed by MTT assay. The results show that prepared particles are effective on cancer cells. It is important in terms of economic and environmental problems that the material prepared for use in cancer drug release presented here is obtained from the waste cotton.
Do liberal arts colleges maximize profit?
Authors: Gansemer‐Topf Ann M. , Orazem Peter F. , Wohlgemuth Darin R.
Published: June 2021

Revenue, cost, tuition, and scholarship data at private liberal arts colleges from 2003–2013 are used to estimate how each college's net revenue per student varies with student enrollment. Our empirical specification assumes that colleges simultaneously pick their optimal net tuition and cost of instruction. The estimates allow us to identify the enrollment level that maximizes the return on the college's provision of educational services. Thirty‐seven percent of the colleges have enrollments within one standard deviation of their profit maximizing enrollment. Another 11% are more than one standard deviation above the profit maximizing level; they increase access to students but not revenue. Compared to the profit maximizing colleges, the institutions with enrollments beyond their profit maximum have stronger endowments and enroll more low‐income students. Although no schools were below their shut‐down enrollment, 13% were within one standard deviation of their minimum enrollment and may be vulnerable to tuition revenue shock.
Reformulation of the performance portability metric
Authors: Marowka Ami
Published: June 2021

The 3‐P challenge of high‐performance programming—performance, portability and productivity—has become more difficult than ever in the age of heterogeneous computing. It would be naïve to think that the performance portability problem can be completely solved, but it can certainly be reduced and made tolerable. However, first and foremost, an agreement is needed on what it means for an application to be performance portable. Unfortunately, there is still no consensus in the scientific community on a workable definition of the term performance portability. Several years ago, a comprehensive effort was made to formulate a novel definition of performance portability and an associated metric. Since the new metric was first introduced, it has been widely adopted by the scientific community, and many advanced studies have used it. Unfortunately, the definition of the new metric has flaws. This article presents a proof of the theoretical flaws in the definition of the new metric, considers the practical implications of these flaws as reflected in many studies that have used it in recent years, and proposes a revised metric that addresses the flaws and provides guidelines on how to use it correctly.
Vibrationsinstallierte Monopfahlgründungen von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Lüddecke Falk , Zipfel Bernadette , Schwedler Michael , Al Otaibi Walid
Published: June 2021

Mit einem Marktanteil von 81,2 % stellen Monopfahlgründungen von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen nach wie vor die verbreitetste Gründungskonstruktion für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen dar. Aktuell ist ein Trend zur Vibrationsrammung zu verzeichnen. Die Vibrationsrammung hat das Potenzial, die Installationszeit sowie den Eintrag von Rammschall stark zu reduzieren. Im Rahmen dieses Fachbeitrags werden für das neuartige Installieren von Monopfahlgründungen mittels Vibratorhammer in Bezug auf die zu erwartenden Beanspruchungen die wesentlichen bestimmenden Parameter benannt. Die Auswirkungen bei Variation dieser bestimmenden Parameter, wie die axiale Steifigkeit aus der Baugrund‐Bauwerksinteraktion, werden in genereller Form sowie im Hinblick auf den Arbeits‐ bzw. Frequenzbereich des Vibratorhammers vorgestellt. Die stahlbaulichen Nachweise und die zu erwartenden Beanspruchungshöhen im Vergleich zur Schlagrammung wie auch die zu erwartenden Ausnutzungsgrade für die Ermüdungsschädigung während der Vibrationsrammung werden untersucht.
Bond durability of basalt‐fiber‐reinforced‐polymer bars embedded in lightweight aggregate concrete subjected to freeze–thaw cycles
Authors: Deng Peng , Wang Yuejiao , Sun Yan , Liu Yan , Guo Wenhao
Published: June 2021

In recent years, basalt‐fiber‐reinforced‐polymer (BFRP) bars have become popular to replace steels. However, little is known about the performance of BFRP bars inserted in lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC), especially the bonding performance under freeze–thaw (FT) cycles. In this study, a bond strength test was conducted for BFRP bars embedded in LWAC after FT cycles. BFRP bars, epoxy‐coated bars, and steels were tested for comparison purposes. The test parameters are the bar type, compressive strength of the LWAC, and FT cycles; 108 specimens were subjected to 0, 15, 30, and 50 FT cycles. Moreover, the bond strength models of the three types of bars were fitted to LWAC. The test results prove that the number of FT cycles significantly affects the bonding performance of the bar embedded in LWAC. The results also show that the bond strength prediction of the fitting model considering the FT cycle effect is consistent with the experimental results.
Parenterale Ernährung in deutschen Perinatalzentren
Authors: Hoffmann Julia , Haiden Nadja , Babl Jürgen , Fusch Christoph , Piening Brar , Schubert Sebastian , Mader Silke ,   Arbeitsgruppe parenterale Ernährung von EFCNI, GNPI und ADKA, Babl Jürgen , Erdmann Harald , Fusch Christoph , Haiden Nadja , Hentschel Roland , Herting Egbert , Hock Simone M. , Hoffmann Julia , Kostenzer Johanna , Mader Silke , Mihatsch Walter , Pfeil Johanna M. , Piening Brar , Schubert Sebastian , Seeliger Stephan , Zimmermann Luc J. I.
Published: June 2021

Hintergrund

Die Leitlinien der „European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition“ (ESPGHAN) liefern evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen zu parenteraler Ernährung (PE) von Frühgeborenen und kranken Neugeborenen. Im Jahr 2013 wurde gezeigt, dass sie in Westeuropa nur teilweise angewendet werden und ihre klinische Implementierung verbessert werden sollte.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, die derzeitige Anwendung der ESPGHAN-Leitlinien in Deutschland sowie Barrieren, die die Umsetzung verhindern, abzubilden.

Material und Methoden

Zusammen mit einer Expertengruppe und Institutionen aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum hat die „European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants“ (EFCNI) eine Befragung durchgeführt. Mit einem Online-Fragebogen wurden Pädiaterinnen/Pädiater (PÄD) und Krankenhausapothekerinnen/Krankenhausapotheker (KHA) aus deutschen Perinatalzentren und Krankenhausapotheken bezüglich der Umsetzung der Leitlinien befragt. Die Ergebnisse wurden qualitativ und quantitativ ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Von 558 angeschriebenen Kontakten wurden 196 gültige Umfragen ausgewertet. Nach Eigenangaben wenden 77 % der PÄD und 48 % der KHA die ESPGHAN-Leitlinien an. Barrieren wurden innerhalb der klinischen Anwendung identifiziert und waren teilweise struktureller und/oder organisatorischer Natur. Verbesserungsbedarf wurde in der Bereitstellung von parenteralen Standardlösungen, insbesondere am Wochenende, und elektronischen Verordnungssystemen, der Verabreichung von Lipiden bereits am 1. Lebenstag und der regelmäßigen Beurteilung aller Laborparameter beobachtet.
Herausforderungen in der psychosozialen Versorgung am Beispiel der psychotherapeutischen Universitätsambulanz der Sigmund Freud PrivatUniversität – Eine Klientelanalyse
Authors: Reisinger Manfred , Knasmüller Florian , Aden Jan , Sindelar Brigitte
Published: June 2021

Das Versorgungsmodell der Universitätsambulanz der SFU folgt der Zielsetzung, einen niederschwelligen Zugang zur Psychotherapie zu eröffnen, indem niedrige Tarife und kurze Wartezeiten für die Patient*innen die Regel darstellen. Um die Klientelstruktur der Ambulanz systematisch beschreiben zu können, wurden über einen Erhebungszeitraum von 2015–2018 Patient*innenmerkmale einer Untersuchungsstichprobe vonn = 629 Patient*innen erhoben. Auf Basis soziodemographischer und krankengeschichtlicher Informationen sowie der aktuellen Lebensqualität (WHOQOL) wurde eine Clusteranalyse nach der WARD-Methode durchgeführt: Es konnten vier inhaltlich plausible, empirisch trennscharfe Klient*innen-Cluster eruiert werden, die sich hinsichtlich der Dimensionen Bildungsabschluss, Hauptdiagnose, Erwerbstätigkeit und Migrationshintergrund signifikant unterscheiden. Die Cluster definieren sich hinsichtlich der Diagnosen in drei Cluster mit den Hauptdiagnosen F3 (Affektive Störungen), F4 (Neurotische, Belastungs- und somatoforme Störungen), F6 (Persönlichkeitsstörungen) und einen Cluster mit Patient*innen mit der Diagnose F3 oder F4. Dieser (n = 178) hebt sich als einer von Indikatoren hoher Vulnerabilität geprägter von den anderen drei Clustern ab. Die Patient*innen dieses Clusters sind mittleren Alters, überwiegend erwerbslos, weisen ein niedriges Bildungsniveau auf und leben mit betreuungspflichtigen Kindern in einem Haushalt und berichten eine niedrige Lebensqualität.

Bemerkenswert ist die Altersstruktur in dieser Stichprobe mit über 72 % von Patient*innen in der Lebensphase der Emerging Adulthood in den anderen drei Clustern. Diskutiert werden die Implikationen der Ergebnisse für die psychotherapeutischen Ausbildungscurricula sowie für die Relevanz von Universitätsambulanzen für die psychotherapeutische Versorgung einer Klientel, die in dieser Lebenssituation wohl keine Möglichkeit zur Inanspruchnahme einer großteils selbstfinanzierten Psychotherapie fände.
Correction to: Corporate Essence and Identity in Criminal Law
Authors: Diamantis Mihailis E.
Published: June 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04827-y
Multidisciplinary site investigations: refraction microtremor surveys
Authors: Pancha A. , Apperley R. A.
Published: June 2021

We present three case studies from recent site investigations that have utilised geophysical data to supplement traditional geotechnical investigations. The refraction microtremor (ReMi) method, which measures the shear-wave velocity of the subsurface soil profile, is used to enhance our overall understanding of geotechnical site conditions. Interpolation of the closely spaced one-dimensional velocity-depth profiles along linear arrays allows two- or three-dimensional velocity-versus-depth representations to be produced, thereby mapping lateral variations and extending subsurface characterisations between more expensive spot borehole measurements. The ReMi technique provides a non-invasive and cost-effective way of estimating vertical soil/rock shear-wave versus depth profiles and therefore is an effective reconnaissance tool for targeting key areas for further, more expensive intrusive investigation method. This paper examines the contribution ReMi shear-wave velocity assessments can make towards enhancing subsurface geological and geotechnical models to mitigate risk from unforeseen ground conditions. Case studies demonstrate the benefits of incorporating the shear-wave velocity estimates from ReMi into the geotechnical investigations. These include identifying the thickness of basalt flows, identifying the location of buried stream channels, characterising palaeo-topographical features, identifying areas of low velocity which may be prone to liquefaction, and assessing the thickness and velocity variations within geological units between borehole and test pit locations. The objective is not to replace traditional geotechnical investigations but allow more meaningful ground models to be developed.
Does economic policy uncertainty matter to explain connectedness within the international sovereign bond yields?
Authors: Benlagha Noureddine , Hemrit Wael
Published: June 2021

This paper examines the determinants of the dynamic connectedness between sovereign bond yields in a sample of G7 countries. In addition to the common macroeconomic factors, we focus on the impact of Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) on the dynamic connectedness patterns between bond yields. To this end, we first examine the full-sample connectedness among the seven bond yields and examine various features of connectedness using a measure recently proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz (Int J Forecast 28(1):57-66, 2012). To examine the determinants of the dynamic connectedness, we use the panel data model to consider the dynamic net connectedness between the considered bond yields as the endogenous variable. Overall, being the transmitter or recipient of spillovers appears to have independent and different influences depending on each of the two types of sovereign bond yields. Also, the findings support the idea that EPU can create an environment likely to exacerbate the transmission of spillover shocks between two-year sovereign bond yields. Conversely, on the whole, EPU does not appear to affect the connectedness of thirty-year sovereign bond yields in various bond markets. The findings also reveal the significant impacts of real output on how shocks across countries manifest in different ways.
Reservoir characteristics and control mechanism of resistivity low-contrast oil pays in Chang 8 tight sandstone of Longdong West area, Ordos Basin
Authors: Bai Ze , Tan Maojin , Shi Yujiang , Li Gaoren , Clark Simon Martin
Published: June 2021

Log interpretation and evaluation of tight sandstone reservoir in Chang 8 Member of Longdong West area, Ordos Basin, China, are facing great challenges due to the co-development of normal oil pay and resistivity low-contrast oil pay. To better guide the exploration and development of oil resources in this area, the reservoir characteristics and control mechanism of resistivity low-contrast oil pay were studied. Firstly, the reservoirs were divided into resistivity low-contrast oil pay (RLP) and normal oil pay (NP) based on the relative value of the apparent resistivity increase rate. Then, the difference of reservoir characteristics between RLP and NP is analyzed by comparing a series of experimental data and real logging data in those two reservoir types. Finally, the control mechanism of RLP was studied from reservoir micro-factors and regional macro-factors, respectively. It is found that the chlorite and illite are the most abundant clay minerals in RLP and NP, respectively. Compared with NP reservoir, the average porosity of RLP is better, but the pore space is mainly composed of micropores, which lead to smaller average pore throat radius and poor pore structure. The high irreducible water saturation and high formation water salinity reduced the reservoir resistivity from micro-aspect. Besides, the difference of hydrocarbon expulsion capacity of source rock and the regional difference of formation water salinity controlled the distribution of RLP and NP. Comprehensive consideration of the reservoir micro-factors and regional macro-factors is important to carry out effective logging interpretation and evaluation.
Study on oil displacement efficiency of offshore sandstone reservoir with big bottom water
Authors: Tan Jie , Liu Ying-xian , Li Yan-lai , Liu Chun-yan , Mou Song-ru
Published: June 2021

X oilfield is a typical sandstone reservoir with big bottom water in the Bohai Sea. The viscosity of crude oil ranges from 30 to 425 cp. Single sand development with the horizontal well is adopted. At present, the water content is as high as 96%. The water cut of the production well is stable for a long time in the high water cut period. The recoverable reserves calculated by conventional methods have gradually increased, and even the partial recovery has exceeded the predicted recovery rate. This study carried out an oil displacement efficiency experiment under big water drive multiple to accurately understand an extensive bottom water reservoir's production law in an ultra-high water cut stage. It comprehensively used the scanning electron microscope date, casting thin section, oil displacement experiment, and production performance to analyze the change law of physical properties and relative permeability curve from the aspects of reservoir clay minerals, median particle size, pore distribution, and pore throat characteristics. Therefore, the development law of horizontal production wells in sandstone reservoirs with big bottom water is understood. It evaluates the ultimate recovery of sandstone reservoirs with big bottom water. It provides a fundamental theoretical basis and guidance for dynamic prediction and delicate potential tapping of sandstone reservoirs with big bottom water at a high water cut stage.
Kompetenzmodell der Modellierkompetenz – Die Rolle abduktiven Schließens beim Modellieren
Authors: Krüger Dirk , Upmeier zu Belzen Annette
Published: June 2021

In diesem theoretischen Beitrag wird das Kompetenzmodell der Modellkompetenz durch Integration der Theorie des abduktiven Schließens ausdifferenziert und als Kompetenzmodell der Modellierkompetenz präsentiert. Abduktives Schließen in der Biologie heißt, ein biologisches Phänomen durch einen kausalen Rückschluss theoriebasiert oder kreativ bestmöglich zu erklären. Kreativität innoviert im Sinne der Erkenntnisgewinnung durch neues theoretisches Wissen den Prozess des Modellierens. Im ausdifferenzierten Kompetenzmodell wird abduktiv schließendes Erklären als neues Niveau hinzugefügt. Beim abduktiv schließenden Erklären bildet die Herstellung eines Modells die Basis für einen sich möglicherweise anschließenden deduktiven Überprüfungsprozess. Dieser umfasst bei der Anwendung des Modells das Ableiten von Hypothesen aus dem Modell und deren Testung. Bei dieser Anwendung eines Modells als Forschungswerkzeug stehen, im Gegensatz zur Anwendung als verständniserzeugendes Medium, prozedurale sowie epistemische Aspekte des Modellierens im Vordergrund. Fachdidaktische Arbeiten aus verschiedenen Disziplinen weisen auf die Bedeutung des abduktiven Schließens beim Modellieren hin. Ausgehend davon stellt sich die Frage, ob und wie abduktives Schließen beim Modellieren auf der Basis von theoretischem Fachwissen oder kreativer Innovation die Bedeutung eines Modells als Forschungswerkzeug hervorhebt.

Die Berücksichtigung des abduktiven Schließens beim Modellieren stößt Vorhaben in drei Forschungsbereichen an: (1) Bezogen auf Grundlagenforschung gilt es zu klären, inwieweit die erfolgreiche Modellierung eines Phänomens von theoretischen Vorkenntnissen abhängt. (2) Bezogen auf die Erfassung von Modellierkompetenz ist zu prüfen, inwieweit unterschiedliche biologische Kontexte abduktives Schließen anregen. (3) Mit Blick auf eine Förderung von Modellierkompetenz ist zu untersuchen, inwieweit beim Modellieren biologisches Fachwissen für abduktives Schließen bei der Herstellung eines Modells dabei hilft, in eine deduktive Modellanwendung überzuleiten.
Secondary cup and cap products in coarse geometry
Authors: Wulff Christopher
Published: June 2021

We construct secondary cup and cap products on coarse (co-)homology theories from given cross and slant products. They are defined for coarse spaces relative to weak generalized controlled deformation retracts. On ordinary coarse cohomology, our secondary cup product agrees with a secondary product defined by Roe. For coarsifications of topological coarse (co-)homology theories, our secondary cup and cap products correspond to the primary cup and cap products on Higson dominated coronas via transgression maps. And in the case of coarse$$\mathrm {K}$$K-theory and -homology, the secondary products correspond to canonical primary products between the$$\mathrm {K}$$K-theories of the stable Higson corona and the Roe algebra under assembly and co-assembly.
A multi-model assisted differential evolution algorithm for computationally expensive optimization problems
Authors: Yu Haibo , Kang Li , Tan Ying , Zeng Jianchao , Sun Chaoli
Published: June 2021

Surrogate models are commonly used to reduce the number of required expensive fitness evaluations in optimizing computationally expensive problems. Although many competitive surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms have been proposed, it remains a challenging issue to develop an effective model management strategy to address problems with different landscape features under a limited computational budget. This paper adopts a coarse-to-fine evaluation scheme basing on two surrogate models, i.e., a coarse Gaussian process and a fine radial basis function, for assisting a differential evolution algorithm to solve computationally expensive optimization problems. The coarse Gaussian process model is meant to capture the general contour of the fitness landscape to estimate the fitness and its degree of uncertainty. A surrogate-assisted environmental selection strategy is then developed according to the non-dominance relationship between approximated fitness and estimated uncertainty. Meanwhile, the fine radial basis function model aims to learn the details of the local fitness landscape to refine the approximation quality of the new parent population and find the local optima for real-evaluations. The performance and scalability of the proposed method are extensively evaluated on two sets of widely used benchmark problems. Experimental results show that the proposed method can outperform several state-of-the-art algorithms within a limited computational budget.
Playing When Paying and What Happens Next: Customer Satisfaction and Word-of-Mouth Intention in Gambled Price Promotions
Authors: Akbari Karl , Wagner Udo
Published: June 2021

Gambled price promotions, i.e., discounts in which the customers’ savings depend on the outcome of a game, have recently gained increasing attention from research and practice. This type of promotion is often framed as an in-store event, and consumers experience two properties inherent in gambling: entertainment and varied financial payoffs. Depending on the consumers’ assessments of these two elements, these experiences might drive two postpurchase consequences of such campaigns: customer satisfaction with the retailer and word-of-mouth intention. To assess these effects, two field quasi-experiments with gambled price promotions were conducted: one in a candy store and the other in a retail furniture store. Two main findings emerge from these studies: (1) The customers in both studies endorse gambled price promotions and are more willing to engage in word-of-mouth when participating in such a campaign. The effect of gambled price promotions on customer satisfaction is positive in the low-stakes setting of the candy store but insignificant in the furniture store. (2) The positive effects of such promotions are mediated by their entertainment value and moderated by the consumers’ assessments of the discount. The implication of these results is that, in addition to the already known revenue-increasing prepurchase effects, gambled price promotions can also result in positive postpurchase effects and should represent a valuable addition to the seller’s promotion toolbox.
Geochemical and isotopic evidence of groundwater salinization processes in the Essaouira region, north-west coast, Morocco
Authors: EL Mountassir Otman , Bahir Mohammed , Ouazar Driss , Chehbouni Abdelghani , Carreira Paula M.
Published: June 2021

The city of Essaouira is located along the north-west coast of Morocco, where groundwater is the main source of drinking, domestic and agricultural water. In recent decades, the salinity of groundwater has increased, which is why geochemical techniques and environmental isotopes have been used to determine the main sources of groundwater recharge and salinization. The hydrochemical study shows that for the years 1995, 2007, 2016 and 2019, the chemical composition of groundwater in the study area consists of HCO3–Ca–Mg, Cl–Ca–Mg, SO4–Ca and Cl–Na chemical facies. The results show that from 1995 to 2019, electrical conductivity increased and that could be explained by a decrease in annual rainfall in relation to climate change and water–rock interaction processes. Geochemical and environmental isotope data show that the main geochemical mechanisms controlling the hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in the Cenomanian–Turonian aquifer are the water–rock interaction and the cation exchange process. The diagram of δ2H = 8 * δ18O + 10 shows that the isotopic contents are close or above to the Global Meteoric Water Line, which suggests that the aquifer is recharged by precipitation of Atlantic origin. In conclusion, groundwater withdrawal should be well controlled to prevent groundwater salinization and further intrusion of seawater due to the lack of annual groundwater recharge in the Essaouira region.
Bad rules rather than slow discretion? A critical appraisal of EU stabilisation policy
Authors: Lucke Bernd , Neumann Bodo R.
Published: June 2021

The EU reacted swiftly to the economic dimension of Covid-19 by designing new instruments to support the fiscal policy of Member States. But entry into force and implementation was slow due to various political hurdles with little action taking effect by the end of 2020. In a draft law currently under consideration in the European Parliament, the Commission proposes speedier crisis responses using a rules-based approach. We analyse the legal and economic aspects of this so-called “European Investment Stabilisation Function” (EISF) and argue that a rules-based policy may be inefficient and detrimental to important EU policy objectives. For instance, in the Covid-19 crisis, most of the EISF funds would have supported only the wealthiest Member States. In general, we show that well-intended EU-funded stabilisation measures may actually be counterproductive in terms of EU cohesion, suboptimal in terms of stabilisation and regressive in terms of cross-country income distribution.
Socrates on Self-Improvement
Authors: Smith Nicholas D.
Published: June 2021

What model of knowledge does Plato's Socrates use? In this book, Nicholas D. Smith argues that it is akin to knowledge of a craft which is acquired by degrees, rather than straightforward knowledge of facts. He contends that a failure to recognize and identify this model, and attempts to ground ethical success in contemporary accounts of propositional or informational knowledge, have led to distortions of Socrates' philosophical mission to improve himself and others in the domain of practical ethics. He shows that the model of craft-knowledge makes sense of a number of issues scholars have struggled to understand, and makes a case for attributing to Socrates a very sophisticated and plausible view of the improvability of the human condition.
Saving the World?
Authors: Sobocinska Agnieszka
Published: June 2021

From the 1950s, tens of thousands of well-meaning Westerners left their homes to volunteer in distant corners of the globe. Aflame with optimism, they set out to save the world, but their actions were invariably intertwined with decolonization, globalization and the Cold War. Closely exploring British, American and Australian programs, Agnieszka Sobocinska situates Western volunteers at the heart of the 'humanitarian-development complex'. This nexus of governments, NGOs, private corporations and public opinion encouraged continuous and accelerating intervention in the Global South from the 1950s. Volunteers attracted a great deal of support in their home countries. But critics across the Global South protested that volunteers put an attractive face on neocolonial power, and extended the logic of intervention embedded in the global system of international development. Saving the World? brings together a wide range of sources to construct a rich narrative of the meeting between Global North and Global South.
BOUNDED-ANALYTIC SEQUENT CALCULI AND EMBEDDINGS FOR HYPERSEQUENT LOGICS
Authors: CIABATTONI AGATA , LANG TIMO , RAMANAYAKE REVANTHA
Published: June 2021

A sequent calculus with the subformula property has long been recognised as a highly favourable starting point for the proof theoretic investigation of a logic. However, most logics of interest cannot be presented using a sequent calculus with the subformula property. In response, many formalisms more intricate than the sequent calculus have been formulated. In this work we identify an alternative: retain the sequent calculus but generalise the subformula property to permit specific axiom substitutions and their subformulas. Our investigation leads to a classification of generalised subformula properties and is applied to infinitely many substructural, intermediate, and modal logics (specifically: those with a cut-free hypersequent calculus). We also develop a complementary perspective on the generalised subformula properties in terms of logical embeddings. This yields new complexity upper bounds for contractive-mingle substructural logics and situates isolated results on the so-called simple substitution property within a general theory.
Ultra-wideband and high gain antipodal tapered slot antenna with planar metamaterial lens
Authors: Wang Ziye , Yang Zhengwei , Zhao Xiao , Guo Linyan , Guo Minjie
Published: June 2021

To solve the problems of low gain, narrow bandwidth, and poor radiation directivity of conventional ground penetrating radar antenna, this paper proposes an ultra-wideband and high-gain antipodal tapered slot antenna (ATSA) with planar metamaterial lens. As a constituent part of this lens, a new non-resonant metamaterial unit cell is introduced and analyzed by the full-wave simulation tool. The single-layer planar lens composed of the designed unit cells with different sizes is placed in the maximum radiation direction of the ATSA to greatly enhance its radiation capability. The proposed planar lens antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth of 107.4% (2.41–8 GHz) and −3 dB gain bandwidth of 54.5% (4–7 GHz), respectively. The gain increases averagely by 6.0 dB in the whole operating frequency band, and the peck gain reaches 15.4 dBi at 5.5 GHz. And its excellent performance shows a high application prospect in ground penetrating radar and microwave imaging system.
Time-modulated linear array synthesis with optimal time schemes for the simultaneous suppression of sidelobe and sidebands
Authors: Chakraborty Avishek , Ram Gopi , Mandal Durbadal
Published: June 2021

An efficient analysis of time-modulated array (TMA) toward realizing less-attenuating radiation patterns with simultaneously suppressed sidelobe and sidebands is presented in this paper. In this framework, an optimal outer element-controlled time sequence is derived. The proposed time scheme, along with optimized array excitations, is profitably applied for the desired solution. TMAs are considered unconventional alternatives to the phased arrays. The desired array radiation features can be attained by periodically enabling and disabling the array elements through high-speed switches. Despite the advantages of architectural simplicity and real-time reconfigurability of periodic time sequences, time-domain antenna arrays inherently generate unavoidable sideband radiations (SRs). The undesired SRs obtained at multiple harmonics around the carrier frequency of the array resembles power loss in unintended directions. This paper aims to minimize the SRs as well as the sidelobe level (SLL) for an efficient analysis of time-modulated linear array (TMLA) with high-directive radiation patterns. The starting instants and the period of on-times are optimized to generate a unique shifted time scheme for the edge elements of the TMLA to reduce the sideband levels (SBLs). The array excitations and the uniform spacing between the elements are also optimized together with the shifted time scheme for the coveted solution. Other methods of suppressing SLLs and SBLs with shifted pulse schemes and sub-sectioned pulse schemes are also presented for a fair comparison. Modified versions of the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) are applied for the desired solutions. The optimal results attained by wavelet mutation-based novel PSO is compared with the conventional PSO and the modified novel PSO-based results. The representative results are reported, and the superior performance abilities of the proposed method compared to other published studies are assessed.
The Eyes Chico, They Never Lie – Using Eye-Tracking to Examine Faking on the Conditional Reasoning Test for Aggression
Authors: Ružojčić Mitja , Galić Zvonimir , Palanović Antun , Kovačić Maja Parmač , Bubić Andreja
Published: June 2021

Abstract. To better understand the process of responding to the Conditional Reasoning Test for Aggression (CRT-A) and its implication for the test's use in personnel selection, we conducted two lab studies in which we compared test scores and eye movements of participants responding honestly and faking the test. Study 1 results showed that, although participants might try to respond differently to the CRT-A while faking, it remains an indirect and unfakeable measure as long as the test's purpose is undisclosed. Study 2 showed that revealing the true purpose of the CRT-A diminishes the test's indirect nature so the test becomes fakeable, solving it requires less attention and participants direct their eyes more to response alternatives congruent with the presentational demands.
Quantifying the Uncertainty of a Conceptual Herbicide Transport Model With Time‐Dependent, Stochastic Parameters
Authors: Ammann Lorenz , Stamm Christian , Fenicia Fabrizio , Reichert Peter
Published: June 2021

Small streams in catchments with agricultural land use are at high risk of diffuse pollution by herbicides. Fast transport processes can cause concentration peaks that exceed regulatory requirements. These processes have a high spatio‐temporal variability and data characterizing their occurrence is often sparse. For this reason, such systems show a stochastic behavior at the resolution we observe them (same input and initial conditions lead to different output). Realistic model representations should acknowledge this pronounced apparent intrinsic stochasticity. However, a deterministic description of the physical and chemical processes at the catchment scale is state of the art in research and practice. We explore the potential of stochastic process formulations in combination with the Bayesian learning paradigm to (a) improve the quantification of the uncertainty of conceptual catchment‐scale pesticide transport models and (b) gain new mechanistic insights about the system by interpreting the temporal evolution of the stochastic processes. This is done with the help of a framework for time‐varying stochastic parameters. Thereby, we find that (a) the stochastic process formulation can lead to a more realistic characterization of the uncertainty of internal states and model output compared to the deterministic one, and that (b) the temporal dynamics of parameters resulting from the inference can highlight model deficits (and inspire improvements) such as a better sustained baseflow in dry periods. We also identify two key challenges: numerical difficulties in sampling the posterior and the question of where to introduce and how to constrain the additional degrees of freedom such that they are not misused.
Particles at the Ocean Surface and Seafloor Aren’t So Different
Authors: Lee Jack
Published: June 2021

Despite occurring on different scales, flux measurements throughout the water column share log-normal probability distributions.