bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Culm Density and Biomass Variation across Forest Type and Age Gradient of Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro, in north-western Ethiopia
Authors: Tesema Habtamu Achenef , Alemayehu Asabeneh , Belay Beyene
Published: February 2024

Lowland bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica) forest resources are most promising in Northwestern Ethiopia. The area's surrounding bamboo forest is significant both environmentally, economically, and socially. Nonetheless, no particular research has been done to ascertain the differences in biomass for the various sections of bamboo in both plantations and natural bamboo stands. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the culm density and biomass variation across forest type and age gradients of Oxytenanthera abyssinica stand in Pawe, northwestern Ethiopia.  One hundred eight (108) bamboo culms (54 from the plantations and 54 from the natural bamboo stands) were sampled destructively. After that, each of the specimens was divided into three sections (leaf, branch, and culm). The fresh weight of the sample and the total fresh weight of each portion were ascertained instantly. Then, samples were brought to the testing center for dry weight analysis, bundled in a paper bag. The data was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis employing R software. As the result showed, the mean height and diameter for the plantation stand ranged between 9, 13.2 m, 3.4 cm, and 6.4 cm, respectively, and the natural bamboo forest has mean height and diameter ranging between 6.35 and 12 m and 2.0 and 4.4 cm, respectively. The mean density of 0.51 g/cm3 for plantations and 0.41 g/cm3 for natural bamboo forests was recorded. Compared to natural forests, managed bamboo forests (stands) exhibit an increase of 17% in overall biomass production. While density rose with age, the medium-aged bamboo group in both forest types accumulated more above-ground biomass than the younger and older age groups
Leguminous fractions as encapsulating agents of fat-soluble vitamins
Authors: Carboni Angela Daniela , Perez Jessica Noelia , Puppo María Cecilia
Published: February 2024

Vitamins are essential micronutrients for the functioning of the human body. Vitamins can be classified as water-soluble and fat-soluble, and are obtained through diet or supplementation. Fat-soluble vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K. These compounds are very sensitive to external factors, including light, oxygen, pH, and temperature. Lack of compound stability, poor solubility, and low permeability can compromise the bioavailability and usefulness of fat-soluble vitamins. The methodology of encapsulation of vitamins is currently being widely studied in order to improve their transportation and usage. Proteins (including protein isolates and concentrates) and carbohydrates derived from legumes are very interesting materials to coat compounds, considering their functional properties, and the fact that they are beneficial for the environment and human health. This review describes in detail the current knowledge about the use of legume protein and carbohydrates as materials for the encapsulation of fat-soluble vitamins. The functionality, health, and environmental advantages of legume fractions (particularly soy and pea fractions) as wall materials are also discussed. Future use of legume wastewater (soaking and cooking water derived from the treatment of legumes) as wall materials is evaluated as well. The study of encapsulation of fat-soluble vitamins by leguminous fractions is mainly focused on soy and pea protein isolates and concentrates and can still be expanded, considering the numerous benefits of encapsulation they provide. Research on encapsulation using legume carbohydrates is scarce and may be interesting due to their high encapsulation efficiency and easy digestibility. Saponins, proteins, and carbohydrates present in legume wastewaters could offer useful properties to encapsulation processes, while benefiting the environment.
واقع التنمر الإداري بجامعة سرت من وجهة نظر الموظفين بها
Authors:   جامعة سرت, مفتاح الشاطر سليمان , محمد سالم سعاد
Published: February 2024

هَدف البحث إلى التعرف على واقع ممارسة سلوك التنمر الإداري على موظفي جامعة سرت، وتكوّن مجتمع البحث من موظفي الجامعة وعددهم (1579) موظفا وموظفة، وتمّ تحديد حجم العينة وفقا لـ(جول مرجان) لتحديد العينة، حيث بلغ عدد أفراد العينة (315) مفردة، ولتحقيق الهدف من البحث تم تطوير أداة جمع البيانات المتمثلة في الاستبانة، والتي تكونت في صورتها النهائية من 25 عبارةً تمثلت في سلوكيات للتنمر الإداري تمارس على المتنمر عليه. وتوصل البحث الى أنّ هناك سلوكيات من التنمر الإداري تمارس ضد الموظفين بجامعة سرت بشكل مرتفع، وأخرى تحدث بشكل متوسط، كما أظهرَ البحث بأنّ هناك فروقا ذات دلالة إحصائية وفقا لمتغير النوع لصالح الإناث في التعرض لسلوك التنمر الإداري، وقَدّم البحث مجموعة من التوصيات التي تهدف إلى مواجهة ظاهرة التنمر الإداري اتجاه الموظفين بجامعة سرت، والعمل على الحد من ممارسته وانتشاره.
الاتجاهات النفسية نحو الإرشاد الأكاديمي لدى طلبة كلية الآداب بالجامعة الأسمرية بمدينة زليتن
Authors:   الجامعة الأسمرية الإسلامية, محمد التكوري جمعة
Published: February 2024

سعى البحث إلى دراسة الاتجاهات النفسية نحو الإرشاد الأكاديمي لدى طلبة كلية الآداب بالجامعة الأسمرية بمدينة زليتن، والتعرف على ما إذا كانت هناك فروقا دالة إحصائياً في اتجاهاتهم نحو الإرشاد الأكاديمي وفق متغير الجنس، ومتغير التخصص، وقد بلغ حجم عينة الدراسة (216) طالباً وطالبة، تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة، وذلك في العام الدراسي (2023،2022)، وقد طبق الباحث أداة الدراسة المتمثلة في الاستبيان، وقد تم استخدام بعض الأساليب الإحصائية المتمثلة في التكرارات والنسب المئوية، ومعامل ارتباط بيرسون، ومعادلة سبيرمان براون، والوسط المرجح والوزن المئوي، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها أن اتجاه أفراد العينة نحو الإرشاد الأكاديمي كان ايجابياً، كما أظهرت النتائج أنه لا توجد فروق دالة احصائياً في اتجاه طلبة الكلية نحو الإرشاد الأكاديمي وفق متغير الجنس، ومتغير التخصص، مما يعني أن اتجاهات الطلبة جميعاً كانت إيجابية نحو الإرشاد الأكاديمي.
Color Reduction and Quantization using Kohonan Self Organizing Neural Networks and K-means algorithms
Authors:   Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Younis Najia , Saleh Mohammed
Published: February 2024

يهدف هذا البحث على استخدام نظام يستخدم تميز الألوان لغرض تقليل عدد الألوان الفريدة في الصور الفوتوغرافية مع الحفاظ على مستوى عالٍ من دقة الألوان مقارنة بالصور الأصلية. تتأثر جودة الصورة بنظام الألوان الذي تختاره، لذا يعد الحصول على نظام يقلل او يزيل عدد الالوان الغير مهمة في الصور مع الحفاض على جودة الصورة أمرًا ضروريًا. إن تحديد نطاق كل لون في الصورة بشكل أفضل هو الهدف الذي يمكن من تقليل حجم الصورة، وهي التي يمكن أيضًا ان تكون مشكلة عندما يكون الاوان مدمجة. في هذه الدراسة، تم استخدام خوارزميتين شبكات كوهونين العصبية ذاتية التنظيم SOM وk-means لتحديد تقليل اللون لبعض الصور ومن ثم مقارنة النتائج التقنيتين k-means و SOM. أظهرت النتائج أن تقنية k-means أكثر فعالية من SOM في تصنيف قيم k في تقليل اللون.
الرقابةُ القضائيةُ على مشاريعِ القوانين ( المفهوم والأهمية والطبيعة القانونية )
Authors:   جامعة سرت, علي ناجي هيام
Published: February 2024

تندرجُ الرقابة القضائية السابقة على مشاريع القوانين في كثير من الدول ضمن اختصاص القضاء الدستوري، حيث يتولى مهمة فحص مشروع القانون قبل اصداره، ودخوله حيز التنفيذ؛ للتأكد من خلوه من العيوب التي قد تشوب تنفيذه من حيث مدى دستوريته شكلاً ومضموناً، ومدى سلامته من عيوب الصياغة التشريعية، وتتأثر الرقابة على دستورية القوانين برؤية المشرع، ومدى تقديره لأهميتها، فقد أقرت بعض الدول للقضاء الدستوري صلاحية الرقابة على مشاريع القوانين، وقد تبنى هذا الاتجاه المجلس الدستوري الفرنسي عام 2004. إذ اعتبر أن مبدأ وضوح التشريع مبدأ دستوري، يفرض على المشرع ضرورة الحرص وتحري الدقة بما فيه الكفاية وتجنب الصيغ المبهمة التي تحمل التأويل؛ بهدف حماية أشخاص القانون من أي تفسير مخالف للدستور.
الإدراجُ المحتمل للجرائم الدولية في القانون الجنائي الليبي مرجعياته: الدولية والإقليمية
Authors:   جامعة طرابلس, عبد الله سالم سامية
Published: February 2024

تستمد الجرائم الدولية تعريفاتها من صكوك ووثائق متعددة ومتنوعة، يتسنى للمشرع- أيُّ مشرعٍ- الاسترشاد بها، والإفادة منها لدى إدراج الجرائم الدولية في القانون الجنائي كمرجعيات لهذا الإدراج، حرصاً على اكتساب تجربة تشريعية مكتملة إلى حدٍ كبير. غير أن حالة التعدد والتنوع التي عليها هذه المرجعيات، تطرح التساؤل حول ماهية أهم المرجعيات التي يمكن الرجوع إليها، وما إذا كانت ذات طبيعة ملزمة للدولة الليبية أم لا، بعد أن أضحى إدراج الجرائم الدولية في القانون الجنائي الليبي احتمالاً قائماً، بموجب نص المادة (36) من مشروع الدستور الليبي لسنة 2017م. وللإجابة عن التساؤل المطروح، تناول البحث بالدراسة عدداً من المرجعيات الدولية والإقليمية ذات الصلة، وانتهى إلى عدة نتائج، أهمها أن الاتفاقيات الدولية القائمة تعد أهم المرجعيات في مجال تعريف الجرائم الدولية؛ لأنها تتضمن أغلب الجرائم الدولية، وهي ذات طبيعة ملزمة بالنسبة للدولة الليبية؛ كونها دولة طرفاً في عددٍ كبير منها، كما أن غالبية المرجعيات الأخرى تستند في تعريفها للجرائم الدولية إلى هذه الاتفاقيات.
Cesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy: Experience From Benghazi Medical Center, 2022
Authors:   University of Benghazi,Libya, I. Al Shawbaki Muna , H. El. Harary Fawzia , Elgathafi Aziza , Abdulla Al Shekteria Amina
Published: February 2024

Background: Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare consequence of a previous cesarean delivery and a new type of ectopic pregnancy, but it is life-threatening if unrecognized and inadequately managed. Despite the rising incidence of CSP, there are no consensus or evidence-based guidelines for management. Aims: To review risk factors, clinical features, diagnostic methods, and management of women with CSP at Benghazi Medical Center. Materials and methods: A descriptive-case series study of CSP cases between the Ist of March 2018 and Ist of April 2022.. Data collected retrospectively. The data included demographics, presenting symptoms and signs, ultrasound findings, treatment used, and any complications. Results: The total number of ectopic pregnancies in period between 1st March 2018 and 1st April 2022 was 262, ten women (3.82%) were diagnosed as scar ectopic, The women's ages ranged from 28 to 47 years, about 60% had three or four previous cesarean scars, abdominal pain with vaginal bleeding was in 30% of the cases, while 60% of patients were asymptomatic and all patients were stable during the diagnosis, except for one case that had signs of shock. ultrasound finding was 80% presence of gestational sac implanted low near the previous scar; initial diagnosis was delayed by 50%. The management was laparotomy and gestational sac excision in four cases that did not require further treatment, dilatation and uterine evacuation were done in two cases that required use of uterine balloon to control bleeding and further use of methotrexate In one case (10%), systemic methotrexate alone was effective. Severe bleeding was seen among 60% of women, and 20% underwent hysterectomy. The complications were significantly (P< 0.05) more common among women with high parity and also in cases where there was no intervention during the diagnosis. Conclusion: A previous uterine scar is the main risk factor for CSP; there is no specific clinical feature for CSP; ultrasound is used for the diagnosis; surgical management appears to be a better option, serious complications were seen mainly when no intervention was done during the diagnosis.
Design and Experimentation of a Hydrokinetic Turbine for Electricity Generation in Closed Pipes
Authors: Armañanzas Javier , Alcalá Marina , Fuertes Juan Pablo , Leon Javier , Torres Alexia , Gil Miguel
Published: February 2024

In the present research work, a device for electrical energy generation to be used in water pipelines has been designed, simulated, and tested. To achieve this, a study of the most influential parameters involved in the experiment has been carried out and both, the turbine model and the geometry of the experimental test pipe, have been selected through CFD simulations. Next, the Design of Experiments (DOE) has been used to obtain the configuration with a higher energy extraction from running water. Finally, the turbine and the test pipe section have been manufactured by 3D printing and the experimental tests have been carried out with the optimal configuration to validate the results obtained in the CFD simulations. To simulate the exchange of energy between the water and the turbine, the CFD software SIMULIA XFlow has been used.
The effect of noninstrumental information on reward learning
Authors: Embrey Jake R. , Li Amy X. , Liew Shi Xian , Newell Ben R.
Published: February 2024

Investigations of information-seeking often highlight people’s tendency to forgo financial reward in return for advance information about future outcomes. Most of these experiments use tasks in which reward contingencies are described to participants. The use of such descriptions leaves open the question of whether the opportunity to obtain such noninstrumental information influences people’s ability to learn and represent the underlying reward structure of an experimental environment. In two experiments, participants completed a two-armed bandit task with monetary incentives where reward contingencies were learned via trial-by-trial experience. We find, akin to description-based tasks, that participants are willing to forgo financial reward to receive information about a delayed, unchangeable outcome. Crucially, however, there is little evidence this willingness to pay for information is driven by an inaccurate representation of the reward structure: participants’ representations approximated the underlying reward structure regardless of the presence of advance noninstrumental information. The results extend previous conclusions regarding the intrinsic value of information to an experience-based domain and highlight challenges of probing participants’ memories for experienced rewards.
SYMBOLISM AND SMIRNENSKI
Authors: RAKIOVSKI Tsvetan
Published: February 2024

The article examines the influence of symbolist aesthetics on the poetry of Hristo Smirnenski. The
author combines the high stylistics of symbolism with the social theme – this is how the exquisite expression decorates the
stories of social outsiders (urban tyrants, soldiers, prostitutes, street musicians). The poet calls them “children of the city” and
portrays them in contrast with another type of social character – Homo Faber, the people of production (workers, blacksmiths,
stonemasons, charcoal burners). These are the two types of city characters. The first one is called a swashbuckling hero and
represents the victim – poor, sick, blind, and hungry, while the second one is the person of struggle – the person of rebellion
who is ready to transform the “old world”. One of the greatest strengths of Smirnenski’s poetry is its expression of pathos,
which is not only loaded with social density, but also adorned with striking and complex epithets. The fictional universe of
this young author is replete with recurring elements of symbolism – nocturnal or mostly evening landscapes, strange topoi,
glamorous shop windows, mournful music, fiery looks, etc. Additionally, the works are characterized by the typical of
Smirnenski brilliant poetic parody. He parodies everything – politics and politicians, love, human vices, etc. The article also
draws attention to the reciting energy of Smirnenski’s poems, which is not generated by the literary qualities of the text, but
by the emotion and expectation of the listener – in this case the category of the reader is missing.
TURKISH COLOR TERMS AS A LINGUISTIC CHOICE OF ALBANIAN SPEAKERS
Authors: XHAFÇE Zeqije
Published: February 2024

: It has been ascertained that Turkish loanwords have an important place and status in the Albanian
language. Color terms are an interesting part of this category of the Albanian lexicon, which plays an important role as a carrier
of cultural and lingual inheritance. This paper studies color names and their meanings as well as their role as a linguistic choice
of different varieties of the Albanian language. Lexicalization patterns of color naming in Albanian are examined with special
emphasis on Turkish loanwords. The meaning, function, and role of Turkish loanwords are observed based on relevant
dictionaries and the Albanian National Corpus. The attitude of Albanian speakers towards Turkish loanwords was investigated
based on a survey conducted with students at the University of Prishtina.
This study presents valuable data collected from different sources. Their analysis has shown that Turkish loanwords
are used to name different categories of the color spectrum; they fit all lexicalization models of Indo-European languages, they
can be the only term used to name the focal color category in different dialects, and the change in the meanings of these words
has led to the emergence of new focal colors. Therefore, this paper argues that the existence of Turkish color terms in Albanian
cannot be explained only with the universalist approach and that the relativist approach should not be ignored, due to the
linguistic choice speakers make in different varieties of Albanian language.
THE LINGUISTIC REPRESENTATION OF THE EMOTIVE CONCEPT OF “HAPPINESS” IN TWO OLONKHO TEXTS (“KHAN DZHARGYSTUY” AND “NURGUN BOTUR, THE SWIFT”) AS A CASE-STUDY
Authors: ZHIRKOVA Eugenia E.
Published: February 2024

The article provides a content analysis of the emotive concept of “„happiness””and its linguistic
representation in the Olonkho texts titled “Khan Dzhargystuy” and “Nurgun Botur the Swift”. The aim of the study is to define
the linguistic expressive means representing the concept of “„happiness””in the Olonkhonarratives. The following linguistic
expressive means were identified as a result of the research: lexical means in the semantic field of “„happiness”” (yuor-kot‘to
be filled with joy, to cheer’; kul-oyno ‘to be happy, to rejoice’; korulae‘to rejoice, to fool around’); figurative lexical means
(ymay ‘to sneer’; yrdzhay ‘fleer’; muchuy ‘to smile timidly’); interjections (Uruy!Akhal! Ieheybin); and formulaic constructions
(all-round “happiness”, a kiss after a long-time partition). It is worth mentioning the conceptual metaphors, which represent a
comparison of a specific situation to another concept recognizable by the recipient of the metaphorical idea. Thus, in the
Olonkho texts, the “happiness” concept is represented using a pattern of “clapping one’s hands together”, a descriptive feature
typical for depicting the Lower World representatives. It can be concluded that the representation of “happiness” in the
analyzed texts is hyperbolic, purposefully exaggerated, and effective in producing an emotional and evaluative effect. It also
demonstrates the hierarchic relationships within the folk-epic world and the belonging to a specific group.
TWO-GRID VIRTUAL ELEMENT DISCRETIZATION OF QUASILINEAR ELLIPTIC PROBLEM
Authors: Chen Fengxin , Yang Minghui , Zhou Zhaojie
Published: February 2024

In this paper a two grid algorithm for quasilinear elliptic problem based on virtual element method (VEM) discretization is proposed. With this new algorithm the solution of a quasilinear elliptic problem on a fine grid is reduced to the solution of a quasilinear elliptic problem on a much coarser grid, and the solution of a linear system on the fine grid. A priori error estimate in H1 norm is derived. Numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate the theoretical findings.
GLOBAL SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS AND OPTIMAL CONTROL OF TYPHOID FEVER TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS
Authors: Nyerere Nkuba , Mpeshe Saul C. , Ainea Neterindwa , Ayoade Abayomi A. , Mgandu Filimon A.
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a mathematical model aimed at studying the global behaviour and optimal control strategies for Typhoid fever. The primary objective of this study is to identify the most effective control strategy that minimizes the spread of the disease. To achieve this, we calculate the effective and basic reproduction numbers and utilize them to investigate the existence and stability of the equilibria. Furthermore, we investigate the global impact of each model parameter on the variables using Latin Hypercube Sampling and Partial Rank Correlation Coefficient. The necessary conditions of the optimal control problem are analyzed using Pontryagin’s maximum principle, and the numerical values of the model parameters are estimated using the maximum likelihood estimator. The results indicate that the optimal use of vaccination for susceptible individuals, as well as the screening and treatment of asymptomatic infected individuals, have a significant impact on reducing the spread of the disease in endemic regions.
Formation of Unipolar Outflow and Protostellar Rocket Effect in Magnetized Turbulent Molecular Cloud Cores
Authors: Takaishi 髙石 Daisuke 大輔 , Tsukamoto 塚本 Yusuke 裕介 , Kido 城戸 Miyu 未宇 , Takakuwa 髙桑 Shigehisa 繁久 , Misugi 三杉 Yoshiaki 佳明 , Kudoh 工藤 Yuki 祐己 , Suto 須藤 Yasushi 靖
Published: February 2024

Observed protostellar outflows exhibit a variety of asymmetrical features, including remarkable unipolar outflows and bending outflows. Revealing the formation and early evolution of such asymmetrical protostellar outflows, especially the unipolar outflows, is essential for a better understanding of the star and planet formation because they can dramatically change the mass accretion and angular momentum transport to the protostars and protoplanetary disks. Here we perform three-dimensional nonideal magnetohydrodynamics simulations to investigate the formation and early evolution of the asymmetrical protostellar outflows in magnetized turbulent isolated molecular cloud cores. We find, for the first time to our knowledge, that the unipolar outflow forms even in the single low-mass protostellar system. The results show that the unipolar outflow is driven in the weakly magnetized cloud cores with the dimensionless mass-to-flux ratios of μ = 8 and 16. Furthermore, we find the protostellar rocket effect of the unipolar outflow, which is similar to the launch and propulsion of a rocket. The unipolar outflow ejects the protostellar system from the central dense region to the outer region of the parent cloud core, and the ram pressure caused by its ejection suppresses the driving of additional new outflows. In contrast, the bending bipolar outflow is driven in the moderately magnetized cloud core with μ = 4. The ratio of the magnetic to turbulent energies of a parent cloud core may play a key role in the formation of asymmetrical protostellar outflows.
Advancing Solar Magnetic Field Extrapolations through Multiheight Magnetic Field Measurements
Authors: Jarolim Robert , Tremblay Benoit , Rempel Matthias , Molnar Momchil , Veronig Astrid M. , Thalmann Julia K. , Podladchikova Tatiana
Published: February 2024

Nonlinear force-free extrapolations are a common approach to estimate the 3D topology of coronal magnetic fields based on photospheric vector magnetograms. The force-free assumption is a valid approximation at coronal heights, but for the dense plasma conditions in the lower atmosphere, this assumption is not satisfied. In this study, we utilize multiheight magnetic field measurements in combination with physics-informed neural networks to advance solar magnetic field extrapolations. We include a flexible height-mapping, which allows us to account for the different formation heights of the observed magnetic field measurements. The comparison to analytical and simulated magnetic fields demonstrates that including chromospheric magnetic field measurements leads to a significant improvement of our magnetic field extrapolations. We also apply our method to chromospheric line-of-sight magnetograms from the Vector Spectromagnetograph (VSM) on the Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun (SOLIS) observatory, in combination with photospheric vector magnetograms from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The comparison to observations in extreme-ultraviolet wavelengths shows that the additional chromospheric information leads to a better agreement with the observed coronal structures. In addition, our method intrinsically provides an estimate of the corrugation of the observed magnetograms. With this new approach, we make efficient use of multiheight magnetic field measurements and advance the realism of coronal magnetic field simulations.
Role of Planetary Radius on Atmospheric Escape of Rocky Exoplanets
Authors: Chin Laura , Dong Chuanfei , Lingam Manasvi
Published: February 2024

Large-scale characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres is on the horizon, thereby making it possible in the future to extract their statistical properties. In this context, by using a well-validated model in the solar system, we carry out 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations to compute nonthermal atmospheric ion escape rates of unmagnetized rocky exoplanets as a function of their radius based on fixed stellar radiation and wind conditions. We find that the atmospheric escape rate is, unexpectedly and strikingly, a nonmonotonic function of the planetary radius R and that it evinces a maximum at R ∼ 0.7 R
⊕. This novel nonmonotonic behavior may arise from an intricate trade-off between the cross-sectional area of a planet (which increases with size, boosting escape rates) and its associated escape velocity (which also increases with size but diminishes escape rates). Our results could guide forthcoming observations because worlds with certain values of R (such as R ∼ 0.7 R
⊕) might exhibit comparatively higher escape rates when all other factors are constant.
Restoration of the Tully–Fisher Relation by Statistical Rectification
Authors: Fu Hai
Published: February 2024

I employ the Lucy rectification algorithm to recover the inclination-corrected distribution of local disk galaxies in the plane of absolute magnitude (M

i
) and H i velocity width (W
20). By considering the inclination angle as a random variable with a known probability distribution, the novel approach eliminates one major source of uncertainty in studies of the Tully–Fisher relation: inclination angle estimation from axial ratio. Leveraging the statistical strength derived from the entire sample of 28,264 H i-selected disk galaxies at z < 0.06 from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA survey, I show that the restored distribution follows a sharp correlation that is approximately a power law between −16 > M

i
> −22:

M

i

=

M

0

−
2.5
β

[
log
(

W

20

/

250
km

/

s
)
]

, with M
0 = −19.77± 0.04 and β = 4.39 ± 0.06. At the brighter end (M

i
< −22), the slope of the correlation decreases to β ≈ 3.3, confirming previous results. Because the method accounts for measurement errors, the intrinsic dispersion of the correlation is directly measured:

σ
(
log

W

20

)
≈
0.06

dex between −17 > M

i
> −23, while σ(M

i
) decreases from ∼0.8 in slow rotators to ∼0.4 in fast rotators. The statistical rectification method holds significant potential, especially in the studies of intermediate-to-high-redshift samples, where limited spatial resolution hinders precise measurements of inclination angles.
An Upper Limit to Differential Magnification Effects in Strongly Gravitationally Lensed Galaxies
Authors: Serjeant Stephen
Published: February 2024

Differential magnification is now well-known to distort the spectral energy distributions of strongly gravitationally lensed galaxies. However, that does not mean that any distortions are possible. Here I prove an analytic upper bound to differential magnification effects. For example, a thermal or sub-thermal CO ladder cannot be made to appear super-thermal just from gravitational lensing, and the Balmer decrement emission line ratio Hα:Hβ cannot reduce below the case B prediction just from differential magnification. In general, if a physical model of a galaxy predicts upper and/or lower bounds to an emission line ratio, then those bounds also apply to the differentially magnified strongly gravitationally lensed case. This applies not just for velocity-integrated emission lines, but also for the line emission in any rest-frame velocity interval.
Gallates – toxicological data and a pilot study on the prevalence of contact sensitization
Authors: Lyapina Maya G. , Tsanova-Savova Silvia P. , Nikolova Maria G. , Vizeva Maia L. , Momekov Georgi Ts.
Published: February 2024

Propyl, octy- and dodecyl gallates are largely used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry as additives – preservatives. The main source of exposure non-related with food consumption is their use of cosmetic products. Gallates are classified as skin sensitization human health hazard. This research aims to evaluate the prevalence of contact sensitization to gallates and to estimate the possible cross/concomitant sensitization to gallate mix and other cosmetics ingredients among cosmeticians and cosmetology students. Skin patch testing with Gallate mix along with 19 other haptens was performed among 109 participants – 37 cosmetology students, 26 cosmeticians, and 46 controls. The study established high prevalence of contact sensitization to gallates, with higher risk for students (45.9%) and cosmeticians (38.5%). A significantly higher (р = 0.008) prevalence of co-sensitization to decyl glucoside was established for the control group. Proper risk information, with complex programs for prevention of occupational skin diseases should be provided.
Analysis of mathematics education from a STEAM approach at secondary and pre-universitary educational levels: A systematic review
Authors: Martín-Cudero Daniel , Cid-Cid Ana Isabel , Guede-Cid Rocío
Published: February 2024

Society is in an incessant process of reflection but the educational system is not following the same path, creating an urgent need for a quality educational renovation in which new methodologies, approaches and educational resources are developed based on creation, collaboration and learning by doing. In this sense, the integrated education of science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics (STEAM) is postulated as an educational approach through which to transform the teaching-learning processes into processes that contribute to the development of critical, creative, and scientific thinking. Proof of this is the continuous increase in publications in this line of research. This article presents a systematic review with a total of 19 studies published in high-impact journals with the aim of making a critical reflection and evaluating the real scope of incorporating STEAM projects in education to improve the students' mathematical skills. In particular, five areas of interest have been evaluated: active learning in the teaching of STEAM subjects, the development of technological resources, the design and implementation of educational proposals, the evaluation of STEAM education and teacher training in STEAM education. Considering the results, we emphasize the need to continue working on the theoretical foundation and educational practice of this approach to allow teachers to implement it effectively.
Regularity and normality on primal spaces
Authors: Al-Omari Ahmad , Alghamdi Ohud
Published: February 2024

It is commonly known that some topological spaces include structures that may be used to expand abstract notions. Primal structure is one such sort of structure. We provided the primal Hausdorff class of spaces, which included the class of all Hausdorff spaces. Furthermore, we provide the concepts of primal regular spaces and primal normal spaces. We present new theorems and results.
Existence of global solution to 3D density-dependent incompressible Navier-Stokes equations
Authors: He Jianxia , Li Ming
Published: February 2024

In this article, we are committed to studying the three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, where the viscosity depends on density according to a power law. We investigate the Cauchy problem by constructing an approximation system and bootstrap argument. Finally, we establish the existence of a global strong solution under the conditions of small initial data and the compatibility condition. Meanwhile, the algebraic decay-in-time rates for the solution are also obtained. It is worth pointing out that the degradation of viscosity is allowed.
Predicting hospital disposition for trauma patients: application of data-driven machine learning algorithms
Authors: Alrashidi Nasser , Alrashidi Musaed , Mejahed Sara , Eltahawi Ahmed A.
Published: February 2024

As a consequence of road accidents, around 1.3 million people die, and between 20 to 50 million have nonfatal injuries. Therefore, hospitals are receiving a high volume of patients in their urgent care, and a quick decision must be made regarding their treatment plans. At the admission stage, there is no information or probability about the patient's final result, regardless of if the patient will mostly die or be safely discharged from the hospital. To address this issue, this study proposed a machine learning-based framework that can predict the hospital disposition for trauma patients. The framework was developed to anticipate whether the patient would be safely discharged from the hospital or die based on a set of features collected at the admission time. In this study, the data used was collected from the King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and the performance of different machine learning algorithms was investigated, including eXtreme gradient boost (XGBoost), K-nearest neighbor, random forest, logistic regression, BRR, and support vector machine. Results show that the XGBoost algorithm demonstrated a high degree of detection and prediction accuracy for disposed-to-home patients; of the 6059 patients that were sent home, the XGBoost correctly predicted 5944 (98%) of the total. Finally, the developed framework could accurately predict hospital disposition for trauma patients with high accuracy and sensitivity levels. This system can benefit healthcare teams and insurance companies by providing them with a quick decision-making tool to determine the best treatment plan for patients.
OPTIMIZATION OF VISUAL COMFORT IN OFFICE SPACE BASED ON STOCHASTIC SHADE ADJUSTMENT
Authors: Yijie Zhang , Jian Yao
Published: February 2024

The visual comfort of building occupants may be directly affected by stochastic modulation of shading. In this paper, simulations combined with statistical analysis were used to investigate and evaluate the visual comfort of different seating positions in an office. The dynamic daylighting indicators (UDI, DGP, sDA, and ASE) were used to analyze the visual comfort within an office. The main findings show the following: (1) The DGP and ASE metrics show that the probability of glare in positions near windows is not always the highest. The influence of line-of-sight direction should also be considered. (2) By running 50 simulations, the average value of sDA300/50% was 0.97, and the average value of ASE1000/250 was 11.4%. This shows that the office has good daylighting quality. (3) The optimal visual comfort positions were determined based on four indicators, and alternative options for different indoor occupant preferences were provided. The research results of this paper aim to provide references for the improvement of visual comfort of office occupants.
HOW DIFFERENT TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE AFFECT THE ENERGY-SAVING INTENTION OF COLLEGE STUDENTS—EVIDENCE FROM EYE-TRACKING EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Xing Menglin , Luo Xi , Liu Xiaojun , Li Na
Published: February 2024

As one of the means to promote college students’ energy-saving intention, knowledge education has received significant attention. However, the effects of different types of knowledge need to be explored in depth. Knowledge was classified from two dimensions in this paper: direct/specific and instrumental/emancipatory. Then, an eye-tracking experiment was used to explore the effects of different types of knowledge. Experimental groups were divided according to the types of knowledge. After knowledge education, the change degree of energy-saving intention and activation degree of reference points were recorded. Then, correlation and difference tests were used to analyze the data. The results show the following: First, based on the dimension of emancipatory and instrumental, adding the dimension of directional and specific is conducive to distinguishing the impact of knowledge on energy-saving intention. Second, the specific-instrumental knowledge leads to a positive intention the most obviously, while the specific-emancipatory the least. Thirdly, the activation degree of positive and negative reference points can be used to reflect the improvement of energy-saving intention.
SUSTAINABLE RETROFITTING STRATEGIES FOR CULTURALLY SIGNIFICANT BRUTALIST BUILDINGS: ENERGY-EFFICIENT STRATEGIES FOR A HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX IN SARAJEVO, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Milosevic Suncica , Aksamija Ajla
Published: February 2024

This research investigated energy-efficient (EE) retrofit strategies for a historically and culturally significant residential building complex, located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The objective was to evaluate existing building performance and propose delicate, EE retrofit strategies while preserving the original design character. The overarching objective was to demonstrate a framework through which historically and culturally significant buildings can be investigated for EE retrofitting. Using original construction drawings and current photographs, a 3D BIM model of a typical residential building was developed for analysis and energy simulations. Next, using Revit and Insight 360 simulations, the building's response to environmental conditions was evaluated. Thermal behavior and moisture resistance performance of typical facade systems were evaluated using WINDOW, THERM, and WUFI simulations. Lastly, a full-building energy model was developed in IES-VE software to simulate full-building performance. Results showed that while the conceptualization of this neighborhood paid careful attention to social and environmental factors and had implemented some of the most advanced passive and active technologies of that time, a typical residential building generally underperformed in all evaluated criteria. The proposed retrofit strategies, focusing on improving the building enclosure and implementation of EE mechanical systems, achieved 53% energy-use reduction and elimination of fossil-fuel energy sources.
‘The greatest marketplace in the world’The role of Antwerp in the economic and financial network of the Habsburg Empire
Authors: Limberger Michael
Published: February 2024

The city of Antwerp played a crucial role in the history of the Habsburg Empire of Charles V as a distribution center of long-distance trade, where colonial products, such as sugar, spices and precious metals were exchanged against textiles and a broad variety of luxury commodities. At the same time it was of great importance as a financial center, where the emperor could find the necessary credit for its ambitious political plans. Antwerp had a long tradition as port city as well as a center of fairs, but it was at the onset of the sixteenth century, that it christallized as the meeting point of the leading commercial actors of the moment, the Portuguese, who had just discovered the maritime route to India, the Southern Germans, with the precious metals they imported from the Alps and Central Europe, the English with their cloth, together with Spaniards, Italians and many others. During its Golden Age, Antwerp became a thriving metropolis, of more than 100 000 inhabitants, thousands of merchants, both foreign and local, artisans, and numerous outstanding artists and intellectuals. The municipal government made great efforts to provide the city with an adequate infrastructure, both in terms of architecture, by building new city walls or port infrastructure, as well as in terms of commercial institutions. The splendor of Antwerp was such that many contemporaries spoke of it in utmost admiration. However the religious and political conflicts of the late sixteenth century brought its Golden Age to a sudden end, only few years after reaching its apogee. As a result of the Dutch Revolt, many merchants left Antwerp, the city lost almost half its population and its commerce declined. In the seventeenth- and eighteenth century, Antwerp remained a port city with a considerable commercial and financial activity, but it would in no way equal places such as Amsterdam and London.
Langues orientales et réseaux orientalistes à Vienne au xvie siècle
Authors: Roche Clarisse
Published: February 2024

Vienne s’imposa au cours du xvie siècle comme un centre d’études et d’impression des langues orientales en Europe à côté de cités telles que Venise, Rome ou Tübingen. Sous les auspices de Ferdinand Ier (1521-1564) puis Maximilien II (1564-1576), les études orientales s’épanouirent à l’Université grâce aux enseignements et projets éditoriaux d’un réseau d’orientalistes circulant à travers l’Europe, voire l’Empire ottoman. Alors qu’il devenait plus difficile de mener à bien certains projets orientalistes en Italie, les princes Habsbourg promurent les travaux et enseignements de Johann Albrecht Widmanstetter (1506-1557), Guillaume Postel (1510-1581) et Paulus Weidner (c. 1525-1585) dans leur ville de résidence. Ces humanistes de renom purent non seulement y donner libre cours à leurs spéculations mais encore proposer différents projets de concorde chrétienne qui participaient de la volonté princière de reconstituer l’unité chrétienne sous l’égide impériale.
Espaces urbains et représentations du multiculturalisme en Autriche-Hongrie (1790-1914)
Authors: Horel Catherine
Published: February 2024

La ville multiculturelle caractéristique du monde habsbourgeois se transforme en un espace contesté où ceux qui se sentent exclus prétendent être visibles tandis que le groupe dominant se voit comme une forteresse assiégée. Face à cela, le discours véhiculé par l’État veut faire coexister deux modèles : le patriotisme dynastique compatible avec l’affirmation nationale. Ainsi la plupart des célébrations encore transnationales sont, dans une certaine mesure, les cérémonies religieuses et les festivités dynastiques. La privatisation de l’espace public signifie que la population prétend avoir accès au domaine public en revendiquant ses droits à la citoyenneté, que ce soit pour des arguments nationaux, sociaux ou de genre. Dans de nombreuses villes, les habitants ne sont plus disposés à partager l’espace urbain avec des concitoyens qu’ils considèrent comme « les autres » en termes de langue, de culture et de religion. Mais l’identification des citoyens à la ville pose un problème car nombre d’entre eux sont encore à la fin du xixe siècle d’origine récente. Les mécanismes d’appropriation sont entravés par le déni de la participation politique ainsi que par la discrimination sociale et nationale. La nécessité de construire des édifices représentant les communautés a contribué à l’appropriation de la ville par les nouveaux arrivants, qui veulent affirmer leur présence linguistique et religieuse dans la ville comme un défi face à la majorité, mais ils montrent également qu’ils adoptent la ville. Par conséquent, le patriotisme urbain n’est pas seulement le privilège de la majorité, il s’exprime également par des minorités, tout aussi légitimes que les bourgeois de la vieille ville. La « lutte » pour la ville est aussi un combat pour sa définition comme un espace ouvert et partagé.
La participation des villes castillanes à la politique du royaume (xiiie-xvie siècles)
Authors: Asenjo González María
Published: February 2024

En général, le pouvoir politique dans les sociétés d’Ancien Régime n’était pas concentré uniquement entre les mains du monarque, mais réparti entre les différents pouvoirs : ordres militaires, corporations, seigneurs, villes et d’autres instances de pouvoir de nature diverse. Chaque pouvoir voulait être présent dans les structures supérieures pour mieux défendre ses intérêts. Mais les villes castillanes cherchaient cependant à être proches de la monarchie pour collaborer dans les domaines de la justice, de la paix et de la sécurité. Au cours des règnes du xiiie au xvie siècle, les villes étaient informées des questions importantes, avec même une présence continue de députés urbains au Conseil royal, à la cour et dans l’entourage du monarque. Depuis 1474, les continos reales choisis parmi les élites urbaines participaient à la défense militaire et intervenaient partout comme délégués de la monarchie avec loyauté, fidélité et obéissance.
Gobierno político y obediencia ciudadana en tiempos de los Habsburgos: la fundación de Carlentini (Sicilia) en 1551
Authors: Delgado Barrado José Miguel
Published: February 2024

El terremoto de 1542 destruyó parcialmente la ciudad de Lentini en Sicilia. Las autoridades virreinales, Ferrando Gonzaga y Juan de Vega, proyectaron fundar una nueva población en las proximidades de Lentini, bautizando a la ciudad como Carlentini, en honor al emperador Carlos V. El proyecto fundacional se activó en 1551, pero la realidad fue que el proyecto fracasó por la oposición de los habitantes de Lentini al abandono de su ciudad y poblar Carlentini, por factores diversos como su pésima ubicación (en una colina), el mayor control de su población (ciudad amurallada con pocas puertas), la lejanía de los espacios de cultivos y la mala comunicación con otras ciudades y territorios. No fue hasta el devastador terremoto de Val di Noto de 1693 cuando se produjo una verdadera ocupación de Carlentini. La cartografía histórica, con mapas y planos de diferentes escalas, representó la nueva población y sirvió para simbolizar el poder de las autoridades en la consolidación del proyecto fundacional.
Die österreichisch-ungarische Okkupation Bosniens und der Herzegowina in der deutschsprachigen Regionalpresse
Authors: Birk Uršula Krevs
Published: February 2024

Der Beitrag behandelt die Repräsentation der österreichisch-ungarischen Okkupation Bosniens und der Herzegowina im Laibacher Tagblatt aus dem Jahr 1878, einem bislang weniger beachteten Presseorgan der deutschsprachigen liberal-bürgerlichen Regionalpresse aus der Krain. Der Beitrag setzt sich zum Ziel, das Selbstbild der Monarchie im Zusammenhang mit der auf dem Berliner Kongress beschlossenen Okkupation Bosniens-Herzegowinas sowie die eventuellen Aufklärungskomponenten diskurslinguistisch zu erfassen. Der Schwerpunkt der Beobachtung liegt auf den Charakteristika der politischen Pressesprache, dem adressierten Leserkreis wie auch auf der Beschaffenheit des Pressediskurses. Im Sinne Foucaults wird man versuchen, die Diskursthemen und die Gegendiskurse zur Abhandlung der Okkupation im Laibacher Tagblatt aus dem Jahr 1878 zu bestimmen und ferner zu ermitteln, welche Träger der gesellschaftlichen Macht als Akteure an diskursiven Prozessen teilnehmen und mit welchen Argumenten eine positiv konnotierte Darstellung der Okkupation konstruiert wird. Von den zentralen Themen des Aufklärungsdiskurses, auf den sich die Zeitung bei ihrer Gründung 1868 berief, wurden im untersuchten Diskurs vor allem die wirtschaftlichen Fortschritte und der Aufbau der Infrastruktur im Okkupationsgebiet behandelt, weniger hingegen die Zivilisationsmission Österreichs auf dem Balkan, wie vielleicht zu erwarten gewesen wäre. Jedenfalls erhoffte sich das liberale Laibacher Blatt als Medium und Akteur des politischen Diskurses einen Resonanzraum in der zentraleuropäischen Öffentlichkeit und blieb dabei doch ganz ein proösterreichisches und verfassungstreues Presseorgan.
Navigating Emerging Challenges in Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in Africa
Authors: Shafik Wasswa
Published: February 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics are becoming more popular globally, which makes Africa a potential hub for innovation and development in these fields. However, for the full benefits of these technologies to be realized, it is vital to understand and deal with the unique challenges and barriers that make it hard for them to be used and integrated in Africa. This chapter presents an overview of the current state of robotics and AI in Africa and explores the challenges associated with their adoption, including infrastructure limitations, inadequate technical expertise, and ethical considerations. It further discusses potential strategies for overcoming these challenges, such as investment in infrastructure and education, international collaboration, and the development of ethical frameworks for AI. Finally, the chapter suggests some future directions for continued attention and investment in the responsible and equitable development of AI and robotics in Africa to benefit stagnant and slow-growing African economies.