bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augmented wound healing potential of photosensitive GelMA hydrogel incorporating antimicrobial peptides and MXene nanoparticles
Authors: Liang Chengzhi , Wang Hongyu , Lin Zhihao , Zhang Chengdong , Liu Guoming , Hu Yanling
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Wound healing is a delicate and complex process influenced by many factors. The treatment of skin wounds commonly involves the use of wound dressings, which remain a routine approach. An ideal dressing can provide protection and a suitable environment for wound surfaces by maintaining moisture and exhibiting good biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and antibacterial properties to promote healing and prevent infection.

Methods: We encapsulated tick-derived antibacterial polypeptides (Os) as a model drug within a methylacrylyl gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel containing MXene nanoparticles. The prepared composite hydrogels were evaluated for their wound dressing potential by analyzing surface morphology, mechanical properties, swelling behavior, degradation properties, antibacterial activity, and cytocompatibility.

Results: The results demonstrated excellent mechanical strength, swelling performance, degradation behavior, and antibacterial activity of the prepared composite hydrogels, effectively promoting cell growth, adhesion, and expression of antibacterial peptide activity. A full-thickness rat wound model then observed the wound healing process and surface interactions between the composite hydrogels and wounds. The composite hydrogel significantly accelerated wound closure, reduced inflammation, and sped epithelial formation and maturation.

Discussion: Incorporating antibacterial peptides into GelMA provides a feasible strategy for developing excellent antibacterial wound dressings capable of tissue repair. In conclusion, this study presents a GelMA-based approach for designing antibacterial dressings with strong tissue regenerative ability.
A mini review on selenium quantum dots: synthesis and biomedical applications
Authors: Huang Yanhua , Lu Guangming , Zhou Li
Published: December 2023

In recent years, the demand for advanced biomedical nanomaterials has seen a noticeable surge. Among the essential trace elements in the human body, selenium has gained recognition for its anti-cancer, antioxidant, and immune regulatory properties. However, traditional selenium-based semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are often comprised of heavy metal elements that tend to be toxic, thereby limiting their usage in biomedical applications. Fortunately, the advent of elemental selenium quantum dots (SeQDs), a new kind of fluorescent nanomaterial with unique physicochemical properties, has provided a solution to this problem. These SeQDs are known for their low toxicity and good biocompatibility, making them a promising candidate for biomedical applications. In this mini-review, we delve into the synthesis methods of fluorescent SeQDs and the latest progress in their applications in bioimaging, biosensing, and diagnosis treatment. Finally, we identify the major challenges and future prospects in the field of SeQDs.
Advancements and application prospects of three-dimensional models for primary liver cancer: a comprehensive review
Authors: Zhu Liuyang , Cheng Chuanliang , Liu Sen , Yang Long , Han Pinsheng , Cui Tao , Zhang Yamin
Published: December 2023

Primary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, traditional liver cancer models fail to replicate tumor heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment, limiting the study and personalized treatment of liver cancer. To overcome these limitations, scientists have introduced three-dimensional (3D) culture models as an emerging research tool. These 3D models, utilizing biofabrication technologies such as 3D bioprinting and microfluidics, enable more accurate simulation of the in vivo tumor microenvironment, replicating cell morphology, tissue stiffness, and cell-cell interactions. Compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) models, 3D culture models better mimic tumor heterogeneity, revealing differential sensitivity of tumor cell subpopulations to targeted therapies or immunotherapies. Additionally, these models can be used to assess the efficacy of potential treatments, providing guidance for personalized therapy. 3D liver cancer models hold significant value in tumor biology, understanding the mechanisms of disease progression, and drug screening. Researchers can gain deeper insights into the impact of the tumor microenvironment on tumor cells and their interactions with the surrounding milieu. Furthermore, these models allow for the evaluation of treatment responses, offering more accurate guidance for clinical interventions. In summary, 3D models provide a realistic and reliable tool for advancing PLC research. By simulating tumor heterogeneity and the microenvironment, these models contribute to a better understanding of the disease mechanisms and offer new strategies for personalized treatment. Therefore, 3D models hold promising prospects for future PLC research.
Enhancing indoor air quality and sustainable living in newly constructed apartments: insights from Dubai
Authors: Jung Chuloh , Abdelaziz Mahmoud Naglaa Sami , Alqassimi Nahla
Published: December 2023

This research paper examines Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) conditions in newly constructed apartments in Dubai to be more sustainable for residents to have healthier lifestyles. Enhanced airtightness and chemical-laden materials contribute to IAQ pollution in these buildings. The study aims to assess pollutant concentrations and variations based on building height. Measurements were conducted in 12 apartment units using the WHO’s IAQ assessment methodology. Most pollutants were within limits, but TVOC exceeded the Dubai Municipality’s standard, measuring at 2634.4 μg/m³, approximately nine times higher than the standard. HCHO (163.4 μg/m³) and toluene (551.4 μg/m³) were identified as significant pollutants with potential health effects. Analysis of pollutant concentrations based on building height revealed higher TVOC levels in upper areas, with 2,828 μg/m³ in the upper area compared to 2,443 μg/m³ in the lower area, indicating more severe indoor air pollution in Ethylbenzene and styrene also highest in upper areas, with ethylbenzene at 122 μg/m³ and styrene at 82 μg/m³ in the upper area, potentially due to elevated sources. Toluene and xylene concentrations were elevated in the middle area, with toluene at 574 μg/m³ and xylene at 321 μg/m³, likely influenced by materials and occupant activities. Benzene concentrations were consistent across all heights at 2.94 μg/m³, suggesting a common source. HCHO concentrations were relatively consistent but slightly higher in the middle and upper areas, with 171 μg/m³ in both, likely influenced by ventilation and emissions. While average pollutant concentrations met WHO standards, many units exceeded recommended limits, requiring targeted interventions. The study highlights the importance of addressing IAQ concerns and implementing strategies to reduce indoor air pollutants and improve ventilation. These findings contribute to IAQ knowledge in Dubai’s residential buildings, guiding policymakers, architects, and developers in effective policies and guidelines. Further research on seasonal variations and other IAQ factors is recommended for better understanding and long-term monitoring. Prioritizing IAQ in newly constructed apartments is crucial for healthier living in Dubai. The residential building sector can protect residents’ health by implementing appropriate measures while delivering upscale living experiences.
Effects of ondansetron exposure during ICU stay on outcomes of critically ill patients with sepsis: a cohort study
Authors: Yang Boshen , Niu Kaifan , Zhu Yuankang , Zheng Xinjie , Li Taixi , Wang Zhixiang , Jin Xian , Lu Xia , Qiang Haifeng , Shen Chengxing
Published: December 2023

Background

Sepsis is a life-threatening disease with high morbidity and mortality, characterized by an inadequate systemic immune response to an initial stimulus. Whether the use of ondansetron (OND) during intensive care unit (ICU) stay is associated with the prognosis of sepsis patients remains unclear.

Methods

Critically ill patients with sepsis were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression analyses were used to explore the association between OND use and clinical outcomes after adjusting for confounders. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used for survival analysis. Propensity score matching (PSM) and subgroup analysis were performed to further confirm the results.

Results

The OND-medication group showed reduced in-hospital mortality, 28-day and 90-day mortalities. The OR for in-hospital mortality was 0.80 (0.64-0.99) and HRs for 28-day mortality and 90-day mortality were 0.77 (0.64-0.92) and 0.83 (0.70-0.98), respectively. After PSM, the clinical outcomes remained consistent. In-hospital mortality was lower in the OND-medication group (28.1% vs. 35.8%, P= 0.044), as well as 28-day mortality (23.4% vs. 32.1%, P=0.022) and 90-day mortality (27.4% vs. 35.8%, P=0.035). The protective effect of OND in sepsis patients was relatively robust, independent of age, septic shock, vasopressin and mechanical ventilation. Additionally, the OND users had longer lengths of stay in ICU (6.9(3.1-13.2) vs. 5.1(2.5-11.0), P = 0.026) while no statistical differences were found in lengths of stay in hospital (P = 0.333).

Conclusion

OND exposure might be associated with lower in-hospital, 28-day, and 90-day mortality rates in critically ill patients with sepsis. This study indicated that OND might help improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.
Blood metagenomics next-generation sequencing has advantages in detecting difficult-to-cultivate pathogens, and mixed infections: results from a real-world cohort
Authors: Qian Mengjia , Li Chang , Zhang Miaomiao , Zhan Yanxia , Zhu Bijun , Wang Lingyan , Shen Qi , Yue Lei , Chen Hao , Cheng Yunfeng
Published: December 2023

Background

Blood is a common sample source for metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in clinical practice. In this study, we aimed to detect the diagnostic value of blood mNGS in a large real-world cohorts.

Methods

Blood mNGS results of 1,046 cases were collected and analyzed along with other laboratory tests. The capabilities and accuracy of blood mNGS were compared with other conventional approaches.

Results

Both the surgical department and the intensive care unit had a positive rate of over 80% in blood mNGS. The positive rate of mNGS was consistent with clinical manifestations. Among the 739 positive samples, 532 were detected as mixed infections. Compared to pathogen cultures, the negative predictive value of blood mNGS for bacteria and fungi detection was 98.9% [95%CI, 96.9%-100%], with an accuracy rate of 89.39%. When compared with polymer chain reaction, the consistency rates of blood mNGS for virus identification were remarkably high.

Conclusions

Blood mNGS have significant advantages in detecting difficult-to-cultivate bacteria or fungi, viruses, and mixed infections, which benefits patients of surgery department the most. Samples other than blood are recommended for mNGS test if a specific infection is suspected. The reporting threshold and reporting criteria of blood mNGS need to be optimized.
Drosophila melanogaster as a model to study polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis
Authors: Cao Xixi , Scoffield Jessica , Xie Baotong , Morton David B. , Wu Hui
Published: December 2023

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a valuable model for investigating human biology, including the role of the microbiome in health and disease. Historically, studies involving the infection of D. melanogaster with single microbial species have yielded critical insights into bacterial colonization and host innate immunity. However, recent evidence has underscored that multiple microbial species can interact in complex ways through physical connections, metabolic cross-feeding, or signaling exchanges, with significant implications for healthy homeostasis and the initiation, progression, and outcomes of disease. As a result, researchers have shifted their focus toward developing more robust and representative in vivo models of co-infection to probe the intricacies of polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pioneering work and recent advances in the field, highlighting the utility of Drosophila as an alternative model for studying the multifaceted microbial interactions that occur within the oral cavity and other body sites. We will discuss the factors and mechanisms that drive microbial community dynamics, as well as their impacts on host physiology and immune responses. Furthermore, this review will delve into the emerging evidence that connects oral microbes to systemic conditions in both health and disease. As our understanding of the microbiome continues to evolve, Drosophila offers a powerful and tractable model for unraveling the complex interplay between host and microbes including oral microbes, which has far-reaching implications for human health and the development of targeted therapeutic interventions.
Intrinsic factors driving mosquito vector competence and viral evolution: a review
Authors: Lewis Juliette , Gallichotte Emily N. , Randall Jenna , Glass Arielle , Foy Brian D. , Ebel Gregory D. , Kading Rebekah C.
Published: December 2023

Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of numerous viruses of global health significance. The term “vector competence” describes the intrinsic ability of an arthropod vector to transmit an infectious agent. Prior to transmission, the mosquito itself presents a complex and hostile environment through which a virus must transit to ensure propagation and transmission to the next host. Viruses imbibed in an infectious blood meal must pass in and out of the mosquito midgut, traffic through the body cavity or hemocoel, invade the salivary glands, and be expelled with the saliva when the vector takes a subsequent blood meal. Viruses encounter physical, cellular, microbial, and immunological barriers, which are influenced by the genetic background of the mosquito vector as well as environmental conditions. Collectively, these factors place significant selective pressure on the virus that impact its evolution and transmission. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of the field in understanding the mosquito-specific factors that underpin vector competence and how each of these mechanisms may influence virus evolution.
An emerging view on vascular fibrosis molecular mediators and relevant disorders: from bench to bed
Authors: Hua Rongxuan , Gao Han , He Chengwei , Xin Shuzi , Wang Boya , Zhang Sitian , Gao Lei , Tao Qiang , Wu Wenqi , Sun Fangling , Xu Jingdong
Published: December 2023

Vascular fibrosis is a widespread pathologic condition that arises during vascular remodeling in cardiovascular dysfunctions. According to previous studies, vascular fibrosis is characterized by endothelial matrix deposition and vascular wall thickening. The RAAS and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways have been frequently highlighted. It is, however, far from explicit in terms of understanding the cause and progression of vascular fibrosis. In this review, we collected and categorized a large number of molecules which influence the fibrosing process, in order to acquire a better understanding of vascular fibrosis, particularly of pathologic dysfunction. Furthermore, several mediators that prevent vascular fibrosis are discussed in depth in this review, with the aim that this will contribute to the future prevention and treatment of related conditions.
Precise bulk density measurement of planktonic foraminiferal test by X-ray microcomputed tomography
Authors: Kimoto Katsunori , Horiuchi Rika , Sasaki Osamu , Iwashita Tomohiro
Published: December 2023

X-ray Microcomputed Tomography (µCT) is rapidly becoming an important analytical technique for examining the precise morphometry of small objects. The most notable feature of this technique is that it enables nondestructive, highly accurate morphometric measurements at micrometer-order resolution. In the Earth sciences, this makes µCT extremely useful for clarifying how genetic associations and the surrounding environment affect the morphology of micro-sized organisms. However, the actual analytical methods and the points that must be considered to produce reliable data have rarely been discussed in detail. Here, to address this lack of discussion, we describe in detail our methodology for precise µCT-based morphometry by using a test of the planktonic foraminifer and marine calcifier Globorotalia inflata. In addition to demonstrating the long-term stability of our µCT setup and analytical approach, we also propose a new methodology for test bulk density calibration using artificial carbonate phantoms. We expect that µCT together with our artificial phantom-based methodology will be useful for calculating accurate test bulk densities of micro-sized marine calcifiers.
Rising in the ranks!: learning math or playing games?
Authors: Sager Marc T. , Sherard Maximilian K. , Milton Saki , Walkington Candace , Petrosino Anthony J.
Published: December 2023

This qualitative case study examines the learning that occurred when a small group of middle grade youths embarked upon a personal excursion during a game-based math walk. Math walks are an informal learning activity where learners and facilitators explore mathematical concepts embedded in everyday spaces. The MathExplorer app is a location-based mobile game designed to enhance and gamify math walks. In our broader research, we investigated a group of 18 middle grade learners who used MathExplorer to engage in math walks at a local nature preserve. While most youths in this study used the game as planned by the researchers, one group deviated from the plan and devised new ways of playing the game and participating in the math walks. We see this deviation, orpersonal excursion, as a source of insight for research on game-based math walks. To understand the learning that took place during this personal excursion, we draw upon sociocultural and self-directed theories of learning. Using methods of interaction analysis and embodied action conversation framework, we analyzed the small groups’ discussion, movement, and game-use to understand: (1) the point at which the students departed from the planned use of MathExplorer; and (2) the learning that took place after this departure. The findings include how the youth explicitly incorporate mathematics into game play through an activity-as-planned, and how the youth embark on a personal excursion relating to game mechanics and gamification, with an implicit focus on mathematics. We discuss the importance of personal excursions for designing informal mathematics learning experiences.
Neurosteroid [3α,5α]-3-hydroxy-pregnan-20-one enhances IL-10 production via endosomal TRIF-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway
Authors: Balan Irina , Grusca Adelina , O’Buckley Todd K. , Morrow A. Leslie
Published: December 2023

Background

Previous studies demonstrated the inhibitory effect of allopregnanolone (3α,5α-THP) on the activation of inflammatory toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signals in RAW264.7 macrophages and the brains of selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats. In the current study, we investigated the impact of 3α,5α-THP on the levels of IL-10 and activation of the TRIF-dependent endosomal TLR4 pathway.

Methods

The amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of P rats, which exhibit innately activated TLR4 pathways as well as RAW264.7 cells, were used. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and immunoblotting assays were used to ascertain the effects of 3α,5α-THP on the TRIF-dependent endosomal TLR4 pathway and endosomes were isolated to examine translocation of TLR4 and TRIF. Additionally, we investigated the effects of 3α,5α-THP and 3α,5α-THDOC (0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 µM) on the levels of IL-10 in RAW264.7 macrophages. Finally, we examined whether inhibiting TRIF (using TRIF siRNA) in RAW264.7 cells altered the levels of IL-10.

Results

3α,5α-THP administration facilitated activation of the endosomal TRIF-dependent TLR4 pathway in males, but not female P rats. 3α,5α-THP increased IL-10 levels (+13.2 ± 6.5%) and BDNF levels (+21.1 ± 11.5%) in the male amygdala. These effects were associated with increases in pTRAM (+86.4 ± 28.4%), SP1 (+122.2 ± 74.9%), and PI(3)K-p110δ (+61.6 ± 21.6%), and a reduction of TIRAP (−13.7 ± 6.0%), indicating the activation of the endosomal TRIF-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway. Comparable effects were observed in NAc of these animals. Furthermore, 3α,5α-THP enhanced the accumulation of TLR4 (+43.9 ± 11.3%) and TRIF (+64.8 ± 32.8%) in endosomes, with no significant effect on TLR3 accumulation. Additionally, 3α,5α-THP facilitated the transition from early endosomes to late endosomes (increasing Rab7 levels: +35.8 ± 18.4%). In RAW264.7 cells, imiquimod (30 µg/mL) reduced IL-10 while 3α,5α-THP and 3α,5α-THDOC (0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 µM) restored IL-10 levels. To determine the role of the TRIF-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway in IL-10 production, the downregulation of TRIF (−62.9 ± 28.2%) in RAW264.7 cells led to a reduction in IL-10 levels (−42.3 ± 8.4%). TRIF (−62.9 ± 28.2%) in RAW264.7 cells led to a reduction in IL-10 levels (−42.3 ± 8.4%) and 3α,5α-THP (1.0 µM) no longer restored the reduced IL-10 levels.

Conclusion

The results demonstrate 3α,5α-THP enhancement of the endosomal TLR4-TRIF anti-inflammatory signals and elevations of IL-10 in male P rat brain that were not detected in female P rat brain. These effects hold significant implications for controlling inflammatory responses in both the brain and peripheral immune cells.
Changes in body mass index and waist circumference and heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhou Yang , Chai Xiangping , Yang Guifang , Sun Xin , Xing Zhenhua
Published: December 2023

Background

To determine the association of unintentional changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of heart failure (HF) among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

This was a randomized controlled trial (the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes [ACCORD] study), with a double 2×2 factorial design conducted at 77 clinical centers across the United States and Canada. In total, the study comprised 10,251 patients with T2DM and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or at a high risk of CVD. The outcome of interest in the present analysis was incident HF, defined as the first hospitalization event for HF or death due to HF. Hospitalization for HF was based on documented clinical and radiological evidence. Death due to HF was based on clinical, radiological, or postmortem evidence of HF, with an absence of an acute ischemic event according to clinical or postmortem evidence.

Results

Participants with class III obesity had the smallest BMI and WC changes, followed by those with normal weight, overweight, class I obesity, and class II obesity. Increasing BMI (hazard ratio [HR] per standard deviation increase, 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.45) and WC (1.27; 1.10–1.47) were significantly associated with a higher risk of HF. The relationship between BMI and WC changes and HF formed a J-shaped curve, while stable BMI and WC were associated with lower risks of HF. Compared with participants in the first tertiles of BMI and WC change, those in the third tertiles had HRs of 1.41 (95% CI, 1.07–1.45) and 1.48 (1.12–1.95), respectively.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our findings suggest a noteworthy association between BMI and WC changes among adults with T2DM in HF. We observed a distinctive J-shaped curve in this relationship, indicating that participants with both low and high BMI and WC changes were more susceptible to developing HF.

Trial registration

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00000620
The final ecosystem goods and services Voltron: the power of tools together
Authors: Sharpe Leah M. , Harwell Matthew C. , Phifer Colin , Gardner George , Newcomer-Johnson Tammy
Published: December 2023

Environmental decision-making benefits from considering ecosystem services to ensure that aspects of the environment that people rely upon are fully evaluated. By focusing consideration of ecosystem services on final ecosystem goods and services (FEGS), the aspects of the environment directly enjoyed, used, or consumed by humans, these analyses can be more streamlined and effective. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has developed a set of tools to facilitate this consideration. The central feature of FEGS is that ecosystems are viewed through the diverse ways people directly benefit from them. The National Ecosystem Services Classification System (NESCS) Plus provides a framework for describing and identifying FEGS consistently. The standardization made available by NESCS Plus allows other tools and databases to interact using the NESCS Plus architecture and taxonomy, providing diverse insights for decision makers. Here, we examine the synergy of using the following four tools together: (1) the FEGS Scoping Tool; (2) the FEGS Metrics Report; (3) the EnviroAtlas; and (4) the EcoService Models Library. The FEGS Scoping Tool helps users determine what ecosystem services are relevant to a decision by harnessing FEGS understanding to enable communities to identify the relative importance of beneficiaries relevant to a decision and biophysical aspects of the environment of direct relevance to those beneficiaries. The FEGS Metrics Report can guide which metrics to monitor or model to represent those priority services. The EnviroAtlas, a powerful tool containing geospatial data and other resources related to ecosystem services, chemical and non-chemical stressors, and human health, and the EcoService Models Library, a database of ecosystem models, are two tools that support users in mapping and modeling endpoints relevant to priority services. While each of these tools is valuable on its own, together, they provide a powerful approach to easily incorporate and operationalize ecosystem services efforts into different parts of decision-making processes across different types of decisions. We illustrate how these integrated tools can be used together with a hypothetical example of a complex environmental management case study and the combined benefit of using the FEGS tools together.
Evaluation of the efficacy, safety and influencing factors of concomitant and sequential administration of viral respiratory infectious disease vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Dafeng , Han Yifang , Xu Ruowei , Qin Mingke , Shi Jianwei , Zhang Caihong , Zhang Jinhai , Ye Fuqiang , Luo Zhenghan , Wang Yuhe , Wang Chunfang , Wang Chunhui
Published: December 2023

Background

There is no clear conclusion on the immunogenicity and adverse events of concomitant administration the viral respiratory infectious disease vaccines. We aimed to evaluate the impact of concomitant administering viral respiratory infectious disease vaccines on efficiencies, safety and influencing factors.

Methods

This meta-analysis included studies from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, Web of Science, WHO COVID-19 Research, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Randomized controlled trials of the adult participants concomitant administered with viral respiratory infectious disease vaccine and other vaccines were included. The main outcomes were the seroconversion rate and seroprotection rate of each vaccine. Used the Mantel–Haenszel fixed effects method as the main analysis to estimate the pooled RRs and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. The risk of bias for each trial was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, while evidence certainty was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system.

Results

A total of 21 studies comprising 14060 participants with two types of vaccines were retained for the meta-analysis. Concomitant immunization reduced the geometric mean titer (RR: 0.858, 95% CI: (0.785 to 0.939)) and the geometric mean fold rise (0.754 (0.629 to 0.902)) in the SARS-COV-2 vaccine group but increased the seroconversion rate (1.033 (1.0002 to 1.067)) in the seasonal influenza vaccine group. Concomitant administration were influenced by the type of vaccine, adjuvant content, booster immunization, and age and gender of the recipient.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis suggested that the short-term protection and safety of concomitant administered were effective. Appropriate adjuvants, health promotion and counselling and booster vaccines could improve the efficiency and safety of Concomitant vaccination.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022343709.
Causal effects and immune cell mediators between prescription analgesic use and risk of infectious diseases: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Jin Yi , Yu Xinghao , Li Jun , Su Mingzhu , Li Xiaomin
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Clinical observations have found that prolonged use of analgesics increases the incidence of infection. However, the direct causal relationship between prescription analgesic use (PAU) and risk of infection (ROI) remains unclear.

Methods

This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) design to estimate the causal effect of PAU on ROI, as well as their mediating factors. Genetic data on prescription analgesics use and immune cells were obtained from published GWAS. Additionally, data on ROI were extracted from the FinnGen database. Two-sample MR analysis and multivariate MR (MVMR) analysis were performed using inverse variance weighting (IVW) to ascertain the causal association between PAU and ROI. Finally, 731 immune cell phenotypes were analyzed for their mediating role between analgesics and infection.

Results

Using two-sample MR, IVW modeling showed that genetically predicted opioid use was associated with increased risk of pulmonary infection (PI) (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05–1.21, p< 0.001) and upper respiratory infection (URI) (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08–1.30, p< 0.001); non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were related to increased risk of skin and subcutaneous tissue infection (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05–1.39, p = 0.007), and antimigraine preparations were linked to a reduced risk of virus hepatitis (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69–0.91, p< 0.001). In MVMR, the association of opioids with URI and PI remained after accounting for cancer conditions. Even with a stricter threshold (p< 0.05/30), we found a significant causal association between opioids and respiratory infections (URI/PI). Finally, mediation analyses found that analgesics influence the ROI through different phenotypes of immune cells as mediators.

Conclusion

This MR study provides new genetic evidence for the causal relationship between PAU and ROI, and the mediating role of immune cells was demonstrated.
Comparison and analysis of multiple machine learning models for discriminating benign and malignant testicular lesions based on magnetic resonance imaging radiomics
Authors: Feng Yanhui , Feng Zhaoyan , Wang Liang , Lv Wenzhi , Liu Zhiyong , Min Xiangde , Li Jin , Zhang Jiaxuan
Published: December 2023

Objective

Accurate identification of testicular tumors through better lesion characterization can optimize the radical surgical procedures. Here, we compared the performance of different machine learning approaches for discriminating benign testicular lesions from malignant ones, using a radiomics score derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

One hundred fifteen lesions from 108 patients who underwent MRI between February 2014 and July 2022 were enrolled in this study. Based on regions-of-interest, radiomics features extraction can be realized through PyRadiomics. For measuring feature reproducibility, we considered both intraclass and interclass correlation coefficients. We calculated the correlation between each feature and the predicted target, removing redundant features. In our radiomics-based analysis, we trained classifiers on 70% of the lesions and compared different models, including linear discrimination, gradient boosting, and decision trees. We applied each classification algorithm to the training set using different random seeds, repeating this process 10 times and recording performance. The highest-performing model was then tested on the remaining 30% of the lesions. We used widely accepted metrics, such as the area under the curve (AUC), to evaluate model performance.

Results

We acquired 1,781 radiomic features from the T2-weighted maps of each lesion. Subsequently, we constructed classification models using the top 10 most significant features. The 10 machine-learning algorithms we utilized were capable of diagnosing testicular lesions. Of these, the XGBoost classification emerged as the most superior, achieving the highest AUC value of 0.905 (95% confidence interval: 0.886–0.925) on the testing set and outstripping the other models that typically scored AUC values between 0.697–0.898.

Conclusion

Preoperative MRI radiomics offers potential for distinguishing between benign and malignant testicular lesions. An ensemble model like the boosting algorithm embodied by XGBoost may outperform other models.
Pregnancy rate and outcomes after uterine artery embolization for women: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Yan Xiaoli , Zhou Le , He Guolin , Liu Xinghui
Published: December 2023

Objective

The assessment of the relative impacts of uterine artery embolization (UAE) treatment for female patients is a critical field that informs clinical decisions, yet there is a noticeable scarcity of high-quality, long-term comparative studies. This meta-analysis aimed to focus on the pregnancy rate and outcomes in female patients following UAE and to conduct subgroup analyses based on different patient populations or various control treatments.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted on 2 August 2023 through the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library of Clinical Trials for all potential studies. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to compare pregnancy rates and outcomes between the UAE group and the control group. Heterogeneity was evaluated statistically by using the chi-square-based Cochran’s Q test and Higgins I2 statistics, and 95% prediction interval (PI). Software R 4.3.1 and Stata 12.0 were used for meta-analysis. The trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed with TSA v0.9.5.10 Beta software.

Results

A total of 15 eligible studies (11 cohort studies, 3 randomized controlled trials, and 1 non-randomized clinical trial) were included in this meta-analysis. The overall results revealed that UAE significantly decreased postoperative pregnancy rate [RR (95% CI): 0.721 (0.531–0.979), 95% PI: 0.248–2.097] and was associated with an increased risk of postoperative PPH [RR (95% CI): 3.182 (1.319–7.675), 95% PI: 0.474–22.089]. Analysis grouped by population indicated that UAE decreased the risk of preterm delivery [RR (95% CI): 0.326 (0.128–0.831), p = 0.019] and cesarean section [RR (95% CI): 0.693 (0.481–0.999), p = 0.050] and increased the risk of placenta previa [RR (95% CI): 8.739 (1.580–48.341), p = 0.013] in patients with UFs, CSP, and PPH, respectively. When compared with myomectomy, HIFU, and non-use of UAE, UAE treatment was associated with the reduced risks of preterm delivery [RR (95% CI): 0.296 (0.106–0.826)] and cesarean section [(95% CI): 0.693 (0.481–0.999), p = 0.050] and increased placenta previa risk [RR (95% CI): 10.682 (6.859–16.636)], respectively.

Conclusion

UAE treatment was associated with a lower postoperative pregnancy rate and increased risk of PPH. Subgroup analysis suggested that UAE was shown to decrease the risk of preterm delivery and cesarean section and increase placenta previa risk.

Systematic review registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, Identifier CRD42023448257.
TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants in the prevention of viral infections: an overview
Authors: Kayesh Mohammad Enamul Hoque , Kohara Michinori , Tsukiyama-Kohara Kyoko
Published: December 2023

Tol-like receptor (TLR) agonists, as potent adjuvants, have gained attention in vaccine research for their ability to enhance immune responses. This study focuses on their application in improving vaccine efficacy against key viral infections, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and flaviviruses, including West Nile virus, dengue virus, and chikungunya virus. Vaccines are crucial in preventing microbial infections, including viruses, and adjuvants play a vital role in modulating immune responses. However, there are still many diseases for which effective vaccines are lacking or have limited immune response, posing significant threats to human health. The use of TLR agonists as adjuvants in viral vaccine formulations holds promise in improving vaccine effectiveness. By tailoring adjuvants to specific pathogens, such as HBV, HCV, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and flavivirus, protective immunity against chronic and emerging infectious disease can be elicited.
Metabolites of the gut microbiota may serve as precise diagnostic markers for sarcopenia in the elderly
Authors: He Yangli , Cui Weipeng , Fang Tuanyu , Zhang Zeng , Zeng Min
Published: December 2023

Sarcopenia, a disease recognized by the World Health Organization, has posed a great challenge to the world in the current aging society. The vital role of the gut microbiome through the gut-muscle axis in sarcopenia is increasingly recognized. However, the working mechanisms by which the gut microbiota functions have not been fully explored in the multi-omics field. Here, we designed a cross-sectional study that recruited patients (n = 32) with sarcopenia and healthy old adults (n = 31). Diagnosis of sarcopenia was based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) in 2019 criteria. Muscle mass was represented by appendicular skeletal muscle mass measured by using direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance and muscle strength was evaluated using the handgrip strength. The Short Physical Performance Battery, the 5-time Chair Stand Test, and the 4-metre Walk Test were used to assess physical performance. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to profile the gut microbiome in order to identify its construction and function. Metabolome based on untargeted metabolomics was applied to describe the features and structure of fecal metabolites. In clinical indexes including triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, we noted a significant decrease in triglycerides (TG) and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in patients with sarcopenia. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass of patients with sarcopenia was lower than the health group. Based on intestinal metagenomic and fecal metabolomic profiles, we found that the gut microbiome and metabolome were disturbed in patients with sarcopenia, with significant decreases in bacteria such as Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, as well as metabolites such as shikimic acid. Also, we plotted supervised classification models at the species level of gut bacteria (AUC = 70.83–88.33) and metabolites (AUC = 92.23–98.33) based on machine learning, respectively. Based on the gut-muscle axis network, a potential mechanism is proposed along the gut microbiome - key metabolites - clinical index, that Phascolarctobacterium faecium affects appendicular skeletal muscle mass, calf circumference, handgrip strength, and BMI via Shikimic acid metabolites. This study elucidates the potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiome influences the progress of sarcopenia through metabolites and provides a meaningful theoretical foundation for reference in the diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia.
Genomics insights into a Mycobacterium pinnipedii isolate causing tuberculosis in a captive South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) from Italy
Authors: Alba Patricia , Caprioli Andrea , Cocumelli Cristiano , Eleni Claudia , Diaconu Elena Lavinia , Donati Valentina , Ianzano Angela , Sorbara Luigi , Stravino Fiorentino , Cerini Natalino , Boniotti Maria Beatrice , Zanoni Mariagrazia , Franco Alessia , Battisti Antonio
Published: December 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) affects humans and other animals, and it is caused by bacteria within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). In this study, we report the characterisation of Mycobacterium pinnipedii that caused a TB case in a sea lion (Otaria flavescens) kept in an Italian zoo. The animal died due to severe, progressive disorders involving the respiratory and gastro-enteric systems and the skin. At necropsy, typical gross lesions referable to a TB generalised form were found. In particular, nodular granulomatous lesions were detected in the lungs and several lymph nodes, and colonies referable to Mycobacterium spp. were isolated from lung, mesenteric, and mediastinal lymph nodes. The isolate was identified by PCR as a MTBC, had a spoligotype SB 1480 (“seal lineage”), and was characterised and characterised by whole-genome sequencing analysis confirming that the MTBC involved was M. pinnipedii. The analysis of the resistome and virulome indicated the presence of macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance genes intrinsic in M. tuberculosis [erm-37 and aac(2′)-Ic] and confirmed the presence of the region of difference 1 (RD1), harbouring the esxA and esxB virulence genes, differently from its closest taxon, M. microti. As for other MTCB members, M. pinnipedii infection can spill over into non-pinniped mammalian species; therefore, zoological gardens, veterinary practitioners, and public health officers should be aware of the hazard posed by tuberculosis from marine mammals. Since the isolate under study, as well as all available genomes of M. pinnipedii investigated in this study retains almost all the M. tuberculosis virulence genes, it could indeed cause infection, lesions, and disease in other animal species, including humans.
Role of hepatitis B virus non-structural protein HBx on HBV replication, interferon signaling, and hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Wang Fei , Song Hongxiao , Xu Fengchao , Xu Jing , Wang Le , Yang Fan , Zhu Yujia , Tan Guangyun
Published: December 2023

Hepatitis B, a global health concern caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), infects nearly 2 billion individuals worldwide, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). HBV, a hepatotropic DNA virus, predominantly targets and replicates within hepatocytes. Those carrying the virus are at increased risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, resulting in nearly 900,000 fatalities annually. The HBV X protein (HBx), encoded by the virus’s open reading frame x, plays a key role in its virulence. This protein is integral to viral replication, immune modulation, and liver cancer progression. Despite its significance, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying HBx remain elusive. This review investigates the HBx protein’s roles in HBV replication, interferon signaling regulation, and hepatocellular carcinoma progression. By understanding the complex interactions between the virus and its host mediated by HBx, we aim to establish a solid foundation for future research and the development of HBx-targeted therapeutics.
A case report of atypical sleep in an ischemic stroke patient with psychiatric symptoms caused by olanzapine
Authors: Zhao Huixin , Li Shuang , Wang Yanmei
Published: December 2023

Antipsychotics, tricyclic and 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors can produce dream-rendering behaviors and/or dystonic deregulation during REM sleep. Acute episodes are also seen with withdrawal from alcohol or sedative-hypnotics, and the use of tricyclic and SSRI antidepressants. In this article, we present a case of olanzapine treatment of a patient with cerebrovascular disease with psychobehavioural symptoms. The patient was an elderly patient who developed psychobehavioural symptoms after a sudden cerebral infarction. Initially, his symptoms improved when he took olanzapine (5 mg orally once/night). However, the patient subsequently developed symptoms of hypersomnia when he continued to take olanzapine, and the symptoms of hypersomnia gradually worsened as the dose of olanzapine was gradually increased. Benzodiazepines are often used to treat anomalous sleep, and clonazepam is one of the commonly prescribed drugs. In this case, the patient’s abnormal sleep behavior was alleviated after treatment with clonazepam. As an atypical antipsychotic drug, olanzapine has been reported to cause abnormal sleep behavior during clinical use, and only one case has been reported in China. Clinicians should be aware that heteromorphic sleep can occur in patients treated with olanzapine.
Neuroimmune communication in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Zhou Yi , Chen Ru , Kong Lili , Sun Yaoyao , Deng Jing
Published: December 2023

The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis (AR) is high worldwide. The inhalation of allergens induces AR, which is an immunoglobulin E-mediated and type 2 inflammation-driven disease. Recently, the role of neuroimmune communication in AR pathogenesis has piqued the interest of the scientific community. Various neuropeptides, such as substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neuromedin U (NMU), released via “axon reflexes” or “central sensitization” exert regulatory effects on immune cells to elicit “neurogenic inflammation,” which contributes to nasal hyperresponsiveness (NHR) in AR. Additionally, neuropeptides can be produced in immune cells. The frequent colocalization of immune and neuronal cells at certain anatomical regions promotes the establishment of neuroimmune cell units, such as nerve-mast cells, nerve-type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), nerve-eosinophils and nerve-basophils units. Receptors expressed both on immune cells and neurons, such as TRPV1, TRPA1, and Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) mediate AR pathogenesis. This review focused on elucidating the mechanisms underlying neuroimmune communication in AR.
Neuroimaging in PRUNE1 syndrome: a mini-review of the literature
Authors: Scorrano Giovanna , Battaglia Laura , Spiaggia Rossana , Basile Antonio , Palmucci Stefano , Foti Pietro Valerio , David Emanuele , Marinangeli Franco , Mascilini Ilaria , Corsello Antonio , Comisi Francesco , Vittori Alessandro , Salpietro Vincenzo
Published: December 2023

Prune exopolyphosphatase 1 (PRUNE1) is a short-chain phosphatase that is part of the aspartic acid-histidine-histidine (DHH) family of proteins. PRUNE1 is highly expressed in the central nervous system and is crucially involved in neurodevelopment, cytoskeletal rearrangement, cell migration, and proliferation. Recently, biallelic PRUNE1 variants have been identified in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, hypotonia, microcephaly, variable cerebral anomalies, and other features. PRUNE1 hypomorphic mutations mainly affect the DHH1 domain, leading to an impactful decrease in enzymatic activity with a loss-of-function mechanism. In this review, we explored both the clinical and radiological spectrum related to PRUNE1 pathogenic variants described to date. Specifically, we focused on neuroradiological findings that, together with clinical phenotypes and genetic data, allow us to best characterize affected children with diagnostic and potential prognostic implications.