bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TENTANG INISIASI MENYUSU DINI DI WILAYAH KERJA BPS SALSA MANDING KECAMATAN POLEWALI KABUPATEN POLEWALI MANDAR
Authors: Manfaati Sekarwuni
Published: July 2019

Latar Belakang : Pemberian  ASI secara dini memberi kemungkinan delapan kali lebih besar dalam memberikan ASI eksklusif. Inisiasi menyusu dini (IMD) akan meningkatkan keberhasilan pemberian ASI ekslusif enam bulan. Kontak dini ibu dan bayi akan meningkatkan waktu menyusu menjadi dua kali lebih lama dibandingkan kontak yang lambat (Ertem,2001; Giugliani , 2004; Vaidya, K. Et al, 2005; Februhartanty, 2008). Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan di Bidan Praktek Swasta (BPS) “S” Manding Kecamatan Polewali Kabupaten Polewali Mandar pada 10 orang ibu hamil dengan metode wawancara didapatkan hasil 6 orang (60%) dari 10 ibu hamil mempunyai pengetahuan kurang tentang IMD, 1 orang (10 %) dari10 ibu hamil mempunyai pengetahuan cukup tentang IMD dan 2 orang (20%) dari 10 ibu hamil mengetahui tentang IMD.

Tujuan penelitian : Untuk mengetahui secara umum Gambaran Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Tentang Inisiasi Menyusu Dini Di Wilayah Kerja BPS “S” Manding Kecamatan Polewali Kabupaten Polewali Mandar.

Metode penelitian : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil yang ada di BPS “S” Manding Kecamatan Polewali Kabupaten Polewali Mandar, periode Januari sampai Maret 2014, dimana jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 120 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 55 ibu hamil  yang mendukung dan bisa membaca serta menulis; penentuan jumlah sampel dalam penelitian yang digunakan adalah Simple random sampling yaitu pengambilan sampel dengan cara acak tanpa memperhatikan strata yang ada dalam dalam anggota populasi.

Hasil : rata-rata responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang cukup tentang pengertian inisiasi menyusu dini yaitu sebanyak 22 orang (44%), kriteria pengetahuan baik 23 orang (46%) dan kriteria pengetahuan kurang 5 orang (10%) dari 55 responden. responden memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang tentang manfaat inisiasi menyusu dini. Dimana tabel tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa ibu dengan tingkat pengetahuan cukup 14 orang (28%), pengetahuan kurang 20 orang (40%) dan pengetahuan baik terdapat 16 orang (32%) dari 55 responden. Responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang cukup tentang hal yang harus diperhatikan saat proses inisiasi menyusu dini yaitu sebanyak 19 responden atau (38%), dan yang memperoleh kriteria baik sebanyak 12 responden atau (24%).

Simpulan dan saran : Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran tenaga kesehatan masih sangat diperlukan khususnya dalam memberikan pelayanan dan penyuluhan tentang inisiasi menyusu dini. Proses pendidikan hendaknya lebih memberikan wawasan dan juga ilmu yang lebih mendalam tentang inisiasi menyusu dini sehingga ilmu pengetahuan yang diperoleh peserta didik dapat diaplikasikan di masyarakat.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF NURSE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION WITH IMPLEMENTATION OF THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION IN CHILDREN AGE OF PRASEKOLAH (6 YEARS) IN THE CARE ROOM 1 POLEWALI MANDAR RSUD
Authors: Firmansyah Andan
Published: July 2019

Background: Therapeutic communication is a way to foster therapeutic relationships between nurse-clients. In the communication process occurs the delivery of information, which can be used as an effective tool in providing nursing care to children. There are several possibilities of less successful therapeutic communication in children such as influenced by lack of knowledge of therapeutic communication, nurse attitude, education level, experience, environment, number of perceived power less and others. Treatment room 1 is a children's disease room with a bed capacity of 10 pieces with the number of preschool children as many as 18 people. According to Minister of Health Decree No. 262 year 2000 Ratio of number of beds with number of nurses in non-educational C type RS, 2 beds versus 3-4 nurses. Looking at the data on the number of nurses and the number of bed capacity in the treatment room 1 RSDU Polewali Mandar is very unbalanced, so the likelihood of successful therapeutic communication in children is reduced and can affect the knowledge and attitude of nurses in therapeutic communication in preschoolers. To overcome the problem one of them is by using effective therapeutic communication that will and is being done nursing actions such as digging perassaan, mind, behavioral changes so that will be able to solve psychological problems in preschool age children.The purpose of this study is to know the relationship nurse knowledge level about communication therapeutic with the implementation of therapeutic communication in 6-year-old preschool children in the treatment room 1 RSUD Polewali Mandar. with type of research using cross sectional study The population of this research is mother of balita which is in sub district of Matakali district Polewali Mandar with number 2389 mother of toddler. Sampling is done by total sampling method that is all nurses who work in treatment room I as much as 21 implementing nurses.wwwwwwThe results showed that there was a correlation between the level of nurse knowledge about therapeutic communication with the implementation of therapeutic communication in preschool age children (6 years) in the treatment room 1 RSUD Polewali Mandar. Means there is a tendency that the higher knowledge the better the implementation of therapeutic communication itself, especially in children with significant degree of significance p = 0.007> 0.05 means H1 is rejected and H0 received. Expected to the Public Hospital dareah Polewali Mandar In order to get the maximum service improvement, so that patients and visitors feel satisfied with the services provided.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN (PENKES) GIGI DAN MULUT TERHADAP PRAKTIK MENYIKAT GIGI PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DI SDN 018 BONRA KECAMATAN LUYO KABUPATEN POLEWALI MANDAR
Authors: Rahim Rasdiyanah
Published: July 2019

Latar Belakang: Menurut World Health Oganisation (WHO) tahun 2012 diperkirakan bahwa 90% dari anak sekolah di dunia dan sebagian besar orang dewasa pernah menderita karies gigi. Pemeliharaan kebersihan gigi dan mulut merupakan salah satu upaya meningkatkan kesehatan karena hal tersebut dapat mencegah terjadinya berbagai penyakit rongga mulut. Kesehatan gigi dan mulut masyarakat Indonesia masih merupakan hal yang perlu mendapat perhatian serius dari tenaga kesehatan, baik dokter dan perawat gigi, hal ini terlihat bahwa penyakit gigi dan mulut masih diderita oleh 90 % penduduk Indonesia. Tercatat bahwa anak usia 9-11 tahun masih belum terlalu memperhatikan kebersihan mulut mereka dengan tidak memperhatikan cara menggosok gigi yang baik dan benar.

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan (Penkes) gigi dan mulut terhadap praktik menyikat gigi pada anak usia sekolah di SDN 018 Bonra Kec. Luyo Kab. Polewali Mandar.

Desain penelitian: Penelitiaan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain penelitian The One Group Pre-Test and Post-test design. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan februari sampai mei 2017 denagnjumlah sampel sebanyak 42 responden.
A Literature Review on Computer Cartography
Authors: Daw Anik Shuvra
Published: July 2019

Depending upon how we look at it, Computer Cartography can be considered now to be twenty years old (the first contour map was produced about twenty years ago), or a dozen years (the first major project in Computer Cartography, the Canadian Geographical Information System was started in 1963). This is not to say that we started out from scratch twelve or twenty years ago. On the contrary, we had all the tools and all the power from different disciplines, including Computer Science, Geography, Cartography and the Survey Sciences. If we assume that every discipline has some milestones in its development, it has to be said that in Computer Cartography these milestones did not happen or happened virtually unnoticed by the discipline.
Determinants of Table Banking Loan Utilization among Micro Agri-Enterprises Owners in Bomet County, Kenya
Authors: Chepkwony Kenneth , Bett Hillary , Sibiko Kenneth Waluse
Published: July 2019

Micro Agri-enterprises (MAEs) play a key role in economic development of Kenya. However, without finance they need to invest, their performance is stifled. Table banking (TB) strategy is an avenue through which MAE owners pool finances together, access credit and business development services. The study objective was to determine factors influencing utilization of table banking loans among MAE owners participating in table banking in Bomet County. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a sample of 382 MAE owners who borrowed long-term loans between 2015 and 2016 from TB groups promoted by Joyful women organization (JoyWO). Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data. Utilization of TB loans was measured by the amount of TB loan invested in MAE to the total amount of loan borrowed from TB within the study period. Two-limit Tobit model was used to analyse data. Entrepreneurship training received from TB program officers was found to have a positive and significant influence on utilization of TB loans. Location of agri-enterprise, agri-enterprise age and size were other factors found to influence utilization of TB loans positively and significantly. However, gender of MAE owners was found to have a negative and significant influence on utilization of TB loans. To boost utilization of table banking loans among MAE owners, table banking programme officers should tailor entrepreneurship and agribusiness trainings to meet the specific needs required by MAEs owners operating at different stages in the agricultural value chain.

This is an open-access article published and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License of United States unless otherwise stated. Access, citation and distribution of this article is allowed with full recognition of the authors and the source.
Assessment of Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) Assistance on Poultry Production in Ndokwa West Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Tibi Kentus , Oyem A A
Published: July 2019

The study was carried out to assess the extent of assistance of Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) on Poultry Production in Ndokwa West Local Government Area, Delta State. A simple random sampling technique was employed in the selection of six (6) villages from the study area, ten (10) poultry farmers were randomly selected from each of the six villages giving a total sample size of sixty (60). Data was collected with structured questionnaire administered to the respondents in the study area. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean and percentages. The result of the demographic characteristics of the poultry farmers showed that the mean age of the respondents was 50.5 years. The study also showed that 46% of the respondents had formal education while 54% of the respondent had no formal education. The respondents’ gender was 90% males and 10% females. The intensive system of poultry production was higher (67%) than the semi-intensive (25%) and extensive system (8%). The study further showed that the source of credit facilities to poultry farmers were personal savings (36.7%), ADP (30%) banks (8%), cooperative (13.3%). The study also showed that only few of the farmers received assistance from ADP in the form of training on improved agricultural technology (33.3%), credit and inputs provision for poultry farmers (16.7%). About 20% of the respondents are engaged in broilers production, 30% in layers production while 50% are in both layers and broilers production. However, it was observed that in spite of these assistance of ADP on poultry production, the living standard of majority of the poultry farmers in the study area has not improved. Therefore, the following recommendations are made; ADP should create more sensitization programmes so that more poultry farmers will benefit. More credits and inputs on poultry production should be made available so that more poultry farmers can access the facilities.

 This is an open-access article published and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License of United States unless otherwise stated. Access, citation and distribution of this article is allowed with full recognition of the authors and the source.
Total Quality Management Practices and Performance of Organizations in the Real Estate Industry, Case of Property Developers in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Chege Salome Wambui , Bett Shadrack
Published: July 2019

The real estate industry is one of the most important industries for the development and economy of a nation and therefore important that adequate measures are put in place to ensure quality in the sector. Most of the studies reviewed locally provide no conclusive evidence on whether TQM is linked to performance in the real estate industry in Kenya. This study sought to determine the effect of adoption of TQM practices on performance of firms within the real estate industry in Kenya .The specific objectives of the study were: to assess the extent to which customer orientation, top management commitment to quality, employees’ empowerment and continuous improvement focus effect on performance of real estate firms in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population for this study was senior management and customer service officers within real estate property developers companies in Nairobi County, Kenya. Purposive sampling was used to select 20 firms from the published list of Kenya Private Developers Association (KPDA). Questionnaires were employed as the instrument of data collection whereby both closed and open-ended questions were asked. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive analysis was undertaken to examine the effects of TQM practices on performance. Data was presented in tables and interpretation was made based on research objectives. The organizational performance of the Real Estate Companies involved in the study was generally great. The extent to which customer orientation, top management commitment to quality, employees’ empowerment and continuous improvement has influenced the organizational performance of the Real Estate Companies was great. Pearson correlation coefficient showed there was a strong association between the organizational performance and customer orientation, top management commitment, employee empowerment and continuous improvement. Regression model established that 73.7% of the variation in organizational performance in real estate industry is explained by customer orientation, employee empowerment, top management commitment and continuous improvement leaving 26.3% unexplained. The study further recommended that the top management should ensure effective customer orientation process is carried out so as to ensure customers are satisfied with the products and services they receive. Top management should show more commitment to ensuring quality by channeling more resources on processes or activities focused towards ensuring delivery of high quality products and services. The management should empower their employees through frequent trainings on matters pertaining to quality as this will improve on their skills in ensuring delivery of quality products and services to customers. Organizations should always encourage efforts from their employees aimed at improving their products, services or processes.
Interest Rate Capping and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya
Authors: Mutemi Kyalo , Makori Daniel
Published: July 2019

Interest is the main source of income for commercial banks and therefore capping of interest rate may affect the performance of commercial banks and resort into measures such as downsizing to minimize the operational costs in order to remain sustainable. Put differently, the imposition of interest rate capping may have a bearing on the performance of commercial banks through interest margins generated. Against this background, the general objective of this study is to determine the effect of interest rate capping on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Specifically, the study seeks to establish the effect of credit supply on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya as well as to analyze the effect of asset quality on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Moreover, the study seeks to determine the effect of cost of credit on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study is anchored on three key theories: Financial intermediation theory, fractional reserve theory of banking, the credit creation theory of banking; and theory of rational expectation. The study used quarterly secondary data from 2013 to 2017 collected from forty commercial banks licensed in Kenya. The choice of period is justified on the ground of data availability and the period when this study was started. The data was obtained from the bank’s financial statements and other publications by the Central Bank of Kenya. To analyze the data, the study used descriptive analysis approach and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method. The descriptive statistics and the regression results indicate that Interest rate capping has a positive effect on financial performance of commercial banks. It is evident from the results that capping interest rate has impacted commercial banks positively. In addition, the results reveal that the quality of assets measured by the share of Non-performing loans affects financial performance negatively. Further, it was evident that credit supply measured by gross loans and advances has negative effect on banks’ financial performance. Based on the findings, this study recommends commercial banks to look into ways of reducing the proportion of non-performing loans in their books in order to improve their returns on assets. This can be achieved by assessing credit worthiness of individuals and companies before advancing loans. The cost of credit measured by the interest rate shows it has positive effect on financial performance and therefore the study recommends the government through the Central Bank to continue monitoring the cost of credit so as to make loans accessible to low income earners. This can contribute to increases in the uptake of loans thereby raising bank’s profitability through interest payments. Commercial banks should also find alternative ways of increasing their interest income thereby improving returns on assets.
Wicked Problem: Reducing Food Waste by Tourist Households
Authors: Murphy Jamie , Gretzel Ulrike , Pesonen Juho , Elorinne Anna-Liisa
Published: July 2019

Food, an emerging focus in the circular economy literature, plays an important but contradictory role while on holiday with positive personal experiences and negative sustainability consequences. Food waste, despite major and ongoing strides in sustainability research, remains an underresearched
area across tourism, particularly by tourist households. In addition to existing methods to address food waste, social media offer diverse new approaches. this conceptual article begins a new sustainabilityrelated research stream exploring the intersections among consumers, food waste, tourist
households, and social media and proposes five research agenda items. the agenda gives academics and practitioners practical and theoretical insights for current and future solutions, such as social media, to address food waste and tourist households.
Selective gas detection using Mn3O4/WO3 composites as a sensing layer
Authors: Sun Yongjiao , Yu Zhichao , Wang Wenda , Li Pengwei , Li Gang , Zhang Wendong , Chen Lin , Zhuivkov Serge , Hu Jie
Published: July 2019

Pure WO3 sensors and Mn3O4/WO3 composite sensors with different Mn concentrations (1 atom %, 3 atom % and 5 atom %) were successfully prepared through a facile hydrothermal method. As gas sensing materials, their sensing performance at different temperatures was systematically investigated for gas detection. The devices displayed different sensing responses toward different gases at specific temperatures. The gas sensing performance of Mn3O4/WO3 composites (especially at 3 atom % Mn) were far improved compared to sensors based on pure WO3, where the improvement is related to the heterojunction formed between the two metal oxides. The sensor based on the Mn3O4/WO3 composite with 3 atom % Mn showed a high selective response to hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3) and carbon monoxide (CO) at working temperatures of 90 °C, 150 °C and 210 °C, respectively. The demonstrated superior selectivity opens the door for potential applications in gas recognition and detection.
Hydrodynamics and Hydroacoustics Investigation of a Blade Profile in a Hubless Propeller System Based on a Hybrid Approach
Authors: Sultani Hoshang , Hieke Max , von Estorff Otto , Witte Matthias , Wurm Frank-Hendrik
Published: July 2019

The scope of the paper is the investigation of the hydrodynamic and hydroacoustic characteristic of a blade profile within a hubless propeller system. A hybrid procedure was applied in which the flow simulation results in terms of velocity and pressure fields were used as source terms
for the hydroacoustics calculations. The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation of the complex 3D system was done using a scale resolving Detached Eddy Simulation (DES). The calculation of the acoustics was carried out using the Expansion about Incompressible Flow (EIF) approach. For
the spatial discretization of the EIF equations the Finite Volume Moving Least Squares (FV-MLS) method was used. This method has promising features especially in the application of unstructured meshes. A first verification of the acoustic model is presented. For the validation of the used
numerical methods extensive experimental hydrodynamics and hydroacoustics investigations of the hubless propeller system were carried out.
Applicability of Artificial Neural Network to Estimate Sound Transmission Loss of Ultrafine Glass Fiber Felts
Authors: Wang Fei , Chen Zhaofeng , Wu Cao
Published: July 2019

In the present study, the sound transmission loss (STL) of ultrafine glass fiber felts in terms of areal density and sound frequency has been modeled by artificial neural network (ANN), the Law of Theoretic Mass and fitting polynomial, respectively. The STL of ultrafine glass fiber
felts with the areal density ranging from 0 to 300 g/m2 and at the sound frequency ranging from 500 to 6300 Hz was employed as training data for ANN. By the optimization of ANN structure, the number of neurons in the two hidden layers was determined to 8 and 4 respectively. The
mean squared error of the ANN model was only 0.191 and the correlation coefficient was 0.9989, which showed high accuracy for estimating the STL of the felts. Compared with other two models, the ANN model showed excellent agreement with the measured results and it's very appropriate for the
estimation of acoustic properties of ultrafine glass fiber felts.
Implementation of the Nodal Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Plate Vibration Problem using Linear Elasticity Equations
Authors: Sihar Indra , Hornikx Maarten
Published: July 2019

This work presents a numerical solution of the forced plate vibration problem using the nodal discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method. The plate is modelled as a three-dimensional domain, and its vibration is governed by the linear elasticity equations. The nodal DG method discretises the
spatial domain and computes the spatial derivatives of the equations element-wise, while the time integration is conducted using the Runge-Kutta method. This method is in particular of interest as it is very favourable to carry out the computation by a parallel implementation. Several aspects
regarding the numerical implementation such as the plate boundary conditions, the point force excitation, and the upwind numerical flux are presented. The numerical results are validated for rectangular concrete plates with different sets of boundary conditions and thicknesses, by a comparison
with the exact mobilities that are derived from the classical plate theory (CPT) and the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The plate thickness is varied to understand its effect regarding the comparison with the CPT. An excellent agreement between the numerical solution and the
FSDT was found. The agreement with the CPT occurs only at the first couple of resonance frequencies, and as the plate is getting thinner. Furthermore, the numerical example is extended to an L-shaped concrete plate. The mobility is then compared with the mobilities obtained by the CPT, FSDT,
and linear elasticity equations.
Piano Strings with Reduced Inharmonicity
Authors: Dalmont J. P. , Maugeais S.
Published: July 2019

On modern straight pianos, the inharmonicity of the lower strings is rather large especially for the first octave. Consequently, the timber of these strings can sometimes sound awful and chords on the first octave be highly dissonant. The idea of the present study is to show how this
defect can be rectified using an inhomogeneous winding on the whole string in order to minimize inharmonicity. The problem is solved using an optimisation procedure considering a non uniform linear density. Results show that the inharmonicity of the first partials could be highly reduced by
a non uniform winding limited to a quarter of the string.
Three Portals, One Infrastructure: How to manage information with ALA tools
Authors: Cavière Fabien , Archambeau Anne-Sophie , Radji Raoufou , Ahadji Christian , Pamerlon Sophie
Published: July 2019

GBIF Togo, hosted at the University of Lomé, has published more than 62,200 occurrence records from 37 datasets and checklists. As a node participant of Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) since 2011, it has participated actively in several projects including the Biodiversity Information for Development (BID) programme.

GBIF facilitates collaboration between nodes at different levels through its Capacity Enhancement Support Programme (CESP). One of the actions included in the CESP guidelines is called ‘Mentoring activities’. Its main goal is the transfer of knowledge between partners, such as information, technologies, experience, and best practices.

Sharing architecture and development is the key solution to solving some the technical challenges and impediments (e.g. hosting, staff turnover, etc.) that GBIF nodes occasionally face. The Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) team have developed a feature called ‘data hub’, which allows the creation of a standalone website with a dedicated occurrence search engine that supports data discovery (e.g. specific genus, geographic area) published by particular GBIF nodes.

In 2017, a CESP project between the GBIF Benin and the GBIF France led to the creation of a new portal: Atlas of Living Beninises. This portal shared the same back-end database as the Atlas of Living France portal, while at the same time, each portal displayed and managed information relevant only to its region.

In 2018, another CESP project between GBIF France and GBIF Togo shared the same goal as the previous one: implement a new Atlas of Living Australia portal for Togo. This goal will be fulfilled using a similar implementation as the previous project: a shared back-end and different front-end. Togo will be the second African GBIF node to implement this kind of infrastructure.

This poster will highlight the architecture specific to the Atlas of Living Togo, and present the management procedure that distinguishes data coming from the three different countries.
El arco-puerta romana conmemorativa de Gerunda (Girona)
Authors: Oliver Vert Jordi
Published: July 2019

El presente trabajo trata sobre la interpretación de 15 disiecta membra lapídeos marmóreos adscribibles a formar parte de un monumento arcuado honorífico romano de Gerunda (Girona). La mayoría de estos bloques fueron reaprovechados en época carolingia como material constructivo del basamento de una torre del recinto úrbico. El estudio elabora tanto una propuesta de restitución arquitectónica del monumento como una propuesta cronológica y funcional (emplazamiento) del mismo.
Women at university. Strategies and achievements of a secular presence in Latin America and Spain
Authors: Flecha-García Consuelo , Palermo Alicia Itatí
Published: July 2019

This paper offers a descriptive and critical overview of the experience of the presence of women at university in Spain and several countries in Latin America. It focuses not just on how they embarked on different degrees, but also on the extent to which they went on to exercise professionally and the social barriers encountered at each step. It describes some of the strategies used on the paths followed to study at university during almost one hundred and fifty years, and the achievements made possible by this education, both inside and outside the academic setting. The paper draws on primary documentary sources from university archives and newspaper libraries and includes a review of the literature on the subject. These documentary searches provided us with a great deal of valuable information that has helped us in our task. The indicators of the subject matter studied are, amongst others, university education, female lecturers, history and sociology, female students and life aspirations.
Knowledge transgressors: the incursion of women to science in Mexico, 19th-20th centuries
Authors: Rivera Gómez Elva
Published: July 2019

The influence of feminist thought has been very important in the field of history, as it has revealed the invisibility of women in this disciplinary field, besides of studying power relations and their effects on the daily, private and public life in which both women and men are involved. Access to education, first primary, then secondary and later higher in Mexico, spanned for a period of more than a century. In some of the regions, the presence of women in higher education was in the last third of the nineteenth century in areas considered feminine, such as midwifery, nursing and others. Careers are recorded in the 20th century. In this paper we propose to review the historiography and history of women who entered the different fields of knowledge at the end of the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century, as well as to present a panorama of the educational spaces to which the Mexican women had access.
University women in Salamanca in the first third of the 20th century: quantification and profiles
Authors: De Prado Herrera María Luz
Published: July 2019

In the last decades of the nineteenth century, the educational issue took on a greater political dimension. This general impulse benefited women’s education, fostered by legislation developed since the mid-nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century. The Royal Order of March 8, 1910 facilitated the path opened by its predecessors and was a real revulsive for those women who would like to enter the University. Our research focuses on this context and on how its access to the University of Salamanca occurred in the first third of the 20th century. The analysis of the fundamental sources allows us to quantify the number of students and their distribution by faculties and branches of studies, in addition to demonstrating to what extent the gradual elimination of obstacles, as a consequence of the new legislation, impelled their entrance in this University. The biographical fragments of the most relevant university students show us, as much as possible, their academic and vital trajectory and help us to end their invisibility.
“Between the Useful and the Beautiful”: Reading, Power and Pleasure in the Residencia de Señoritas (1930-1936)
Authors: Betrisey Nadali Débora
Published: July 2019

In the early 20th century many spaces of female sociability in Spain were characterised by the creation of habits, dispositions and forms of knowledge in University women. One of those spaces was the so-called Residencia de Señoritas [the Young Women’ Hall of Residence], founded in 1915. This institution developed tutelary practices for the education of women that went to Madrid to undertake University studies. As part of the residents’ training in refined behaviour and politeness rules, the cultivation of certain reading practices were considered a legitimate and useful aim by the educators. Following historical, social and anthropological studies that depart from a consideration that universalizes these reading practices, this essay uses a gender perspective to analyse the shaping of female readership in the context of the Hall of Residence’s Library (1915–1936). The library is understood as a space that provides and sustains reading as a practice set in a network of processes of social and cultural differentiation.
Concha Zardoya: The Intellectual in Exile
Authors: Jato Mónica
Published: July 2019

The intellectual life of Concha Zardoya (1914-2004) was shaped significantly by its transnational dimension. While Chile was her country of birth, Spain was the place where her university education took place and the United States where her academic and intellectual career developed. The atmosphere of political repression experienced in the 1940s in Spain forced her to look for a new home in the USA. There she obtained her PhD, developing a successful academic career that spanned the next twenty-nine years of her life. Her work as a literary critic was, however, intrinsically linked to her work as a poet, which first began with the publishing of Pájaros del Nuevo Mundo in 1946. This article considers Zardoya’s poetry in light of her experience as a political exile. The fact that her departure from Spain did not coincide with the mass exodus of 1939 has caused many critics to view her residence in the USA as “emigration.” My analysis will focus, instead, on the exilic dimension of her work as an act of affective citizenship, paying particular attention to three books of poetry written in America: Desterrado ensueño, Corral de vivos y muertos and Hondo Sur.
Women of Salamanca. Academia, society and culture
Authors: Ávila García Virginia
Published: July 2019

This research was carried out during a 2017 sabbatical spent at the University of Salamanca. My objectives were to recover the historical memory of the early figures of the feminist struggle in that university and its context in the years of Spain’s transition to democracy, elucidate the processes through which women sought institutional empowerment over almost four decades, and explain the diverse interests that converged in different ways to understand women’s rights and the integral insertion of women into domains of academic and social life.

The study had two axes: first, to ascertain the convergence-divergence of interests among Salamancan women from the 1960s to 1990s, especially between two groups of militants, one social, the other academic, where the variables of social class and professional formation became apparent; and, second, to reconstruct the paths that women professors took to improve their status and gain recognition for their contributions to science in Spain’s oldest and most conservative university, by creating a Centre for Women’s Studies (Cemusa) at the dawn of the new century. The methodology involved rescuing the voices of women citizens, housewives and long-serving professors who narrated their lives as social fighters. The review of documents, pamphlets, photographs, videos and the collection of Cemusa’s publications facilitated recreating the life of Salamanca, its university and its women.
“What the great Alexander and the famous Julius Caesar wanted so much to see”. A commemoration of the fourth centenary of the Blue Nile Sources discovery by the Spanish Jesuit Pedro Páez Xaramillo (April 21th, 1618)
Authors: Fernández Víctor M.
Published: July 2019

On April 21, 1618 Pedro Páez visited the small spring where the waters of the Blue Nile rise before passing through Lake Tana. The site had been seen before by the military leader of the group of Ethio-Portuguese descendants of the Portuguese soldiers who had helped the Christian kingdom in the wars of 1541-1543, who passed the news to the missionaries shortly before 1607. In both cases the Ethiopian kings, Särsä Dengel and Susenyos, took them to the sources, showing that the local population had a clear knowledge of the river course. Páez was the first European who described all its characteristics, occupying a complete chapter of his “History of Ethiopia”. Although this book was not published until the 20th century, the manuscript was copied and the information was incorporated into the global knowledge before the end of the 17th century, through the works of the German Jesuit Athanasius Kircher and the maps of the Venetian geographer, Vincenzo Coronelli. In this way, a problem that had intrigued travellers, geographers and historians since antiquity was solved. The next European who visited the place was the Scottish James Bruce in 1770, and the sources in Lake Victoria of the other large arm of the river, the White Nile, were not discovered until two and a half centuries later, with the travels of the English John Hanning Speke in 1858-1862.
A Caribbean Affair: The Liberalisation of the Slave Trade in the Spanish Caribbean, 1784-1791
Authors: Belmonte Postigo José Luis
Published: July 2019

The liberalisation of the slave trade in the Spanish Caribbean ended with a series of political measures which aimed to revitalise the practice of slavery in the region. After granting a series of monopoly contracts (asientos) to merchant houses based in other western European nations to supply slaves to Spanish America, the Spanish monarchy decided to liberalise import mechanisms. These reforms turned Cuba, especially Havana, into the most important slave trade hub within the Spanish Caribbean. Havana was connected with both Atlantic and inter-colonial trade networks, while other authorised ports imported slaves from other Caribbean territories; Spanish, British, Dutch, Danish and American traders all participated in this trade, and slave trafficking became the most profitable form of commerce in the region during this period.
The satirical press and the struggle for cultural hegemony in Spain: a case study on La Traca, 1884-1938
Authors: Laguna Platero Antonio , Martínez Gallego Francesc Andreu
Published: July 2019

La Traca was a weekly magazine published in Valencia between 1884 and 1892 and between 1909 and 1938, with periods during which it was not published because of governmental censorship. Because it was written in Valencian, the vernacular language of where it was published, it did not go beyond being a magazine of local, or at most regional, interest, circulation and importance. However, its editor, Vicente Miguel Carceller, made the decision in 1931 to edit the magazine in Spanish and he thus conquered the country’s market, resulting in circulation figures that no other publication had ever reached. La Traca was the most loved and hated of all satirical publications. This article explores its characteristics and its ideology, it investigates how it resolved its conflicts and the terrible ending destiny afforded it. We work on the hypothesis that laughter helps dissolve cultural hegemony, since it balances on the edge between what is real and imagined; what is possible and dreamed.
Nuevas aportaciones a la flora liquénica de la Comunitat Valenciana (E de España)
Authors: Fos Martín S.
Published: July 2019

Se aportan datos taxonómicos, ecológicos y corológicos sobre 20 nuevos táxones para la flora liquénica de la Comunitat Valenciana. Muchas aportaciones también resultan significativas por su rareza a escala peninsular (Calicium notarisii, Caloplaca nana, Candelariella commutata, Dirina fallax, Lecania sambucina, Lecanora rupicola subsp. subplanata, Myriolecis reuteri, Rhizocarpon umbilicatum, Staurothele hymenogonia, Xanthoria aureola) o en los territorios mediterráneos ibéricos (Bryoria capillaris, Hydropunctaria maura, Ochrolechia alboflavescens, Verrucaria halizoa), destacando especialmente Candelariella commutata y Catinaria neuschildii que se citan por primera vez en la Península Ibérica.
Purification of degummed crude sunflower oil with selected metal-organic frameworks as adsorbents
Authors: Yılmaz E. , Erden A. K.
Published: July 2019

The aims of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of seven metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as adsorbents for the purification of crude degummed sunflower oil, and to compare their effectiveness with three natural clays. The oil was treated with two different addition levels (0.05% and 0.3%, w/w), and two different treatment times (0.5 h and 3.0 h) under constant temperature (25 °C). The results indicated that all adsorbent treatments improved the oil’s physico-chemical properties. Most importantly, the oil’s free fatty acid, peroxide and p-anisidine values were significantly reduced by Ti-MOF and γ-CD-MOF in comparison with the control sample. The oil showed no contamination by the metals during the MOF treatments. There were no significant changes in the fatty acid or sterol composition of the treated oil, while α-tocopherol contents decreased to some extent. This study proved the possibility of MOF as adsorbents for crude oil purification, and showed the great potential of Ti-MOF and γ-CD-MOF as promising adsorbents.
Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of 1-monoacylglycerols of unsaturated fatty acids as potential bioactive lipids
Authors: Johny J. , Jatla A. , Eruva V. K. , Misra S. , Kaki S. S.
Published: July 2019

The synthesis of 1-monoacylglycerols of selected unsaturated fatty acids and their antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activity is reported in the present study. The monoacylglycerols of fatty acids like undecenoic, oleic, linoleic and erucic acids were prepared by chemical esterification with solketal followed by deprotection. Fatty acids like alpha linolenic, gamma linolenic and ricinoleic acids were initially isolated from natural sources and further enriched in their respective methyl ester forms. The monoacylglycerols of ricinoleic and linolenic acid methyl esters were prepared by enzymatic transesterification with solketal using lipase from Candida antarctica followed by deprotection. The synthesized 1-monoacylglycerols were purified and characterized by spectral studies. The antimicrobial activity revealed that the monoacylglycerol of gamma linolenic acid was the most effective antibacterial followed by the monoacylglycerols of undecenoic and alpha linolenic acids. In the cytotoxicity assay against five cell lines, all the monoacylglycerols exhibited moderate activity but the activity was best against MCF7 Human Breast Adenocarcinoma cell lines.
Situation Selection
Authors: Hauseman Cameron
Published: July 2019

The ability to effectively manage one's emotions has become a fundamental work demand for leaders in a variety of professions, including principals and other school leaders. Framed by Gross's Process Model of Emotional Regulation, this study explores how secondary school principals engage in strategic leadership by utilizing strategies related to the situation selection family of emotional regulation. While prior research associated strategic leadership in schools with efficiencies that can be gained when engaging in management-based tasks, such as allocating resources, recruiting staff, and practicing instructional leadership, the findings of this study suggest that principals have had to learn to be strategic in other aspects of their work, especially in terms of how they manage themselves, their time, and their emotions. Several implications for policy and practice arose from this study, including the need to expand the academic definition of strategic leadership so it is better aligned with the realities of contemporary schooling.
Survey of Financing Options and Key Challenges Faced by SMEs in the UAE
Authors: Bakhouche Abderazak , Elchaar Randa , Emam Manal
Published: July 2019

Innovation has an essential impact on SME creation, and governments are concerned with stimulating adoption of innovation by SMEs to strengthen growth and development and adapt to the ever-changing business environment. Innovation by SMEs requires operating within a generally embracing economic and financial environment. The availability of various formal and informal financing options and a growing economy encouraging consumer spending, innovation-driven investment spending and export, and a policy favoring enhancing private equity, economic diversification, and market competition are incipient factors contributing to a culture of private initiatives by entrepreneurs and SMEs.
The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurs' Skills
Authors: Almahry Fatima Fouad , Sarea Adel , Hamdan Allam Mohammed , Al Mubarak Muneer M. S.
Published: July 2019

This study aimed to measure the impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurs' skills, which are technical, business management, and personal entrepreneurial skills. A survey method was chosen to measure the impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurs' skills. Respondents were required to rank their perceptions on the impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurs' skills based on a five-point Likert scale.
Character Strength Development of Leaders in Cyberspace
Authors: Arenas Fil J.
Published: July 2019

Leadership development in cyberspace presents new challenges within an abstract interactive environment. The flexibility and versatility of virtual spaces offers many freedoms from ordinary rules and restrictions. Examining relevant signature character strengths under the high six virtues of wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence provide guidance for virtual leadership. Aspiring authentic transformational leaders must continue their awareness of selfhood and society in cyberspace milieus by opening their human apertures while leveraging their signature character strengths.
Revisiting Musings on Co-Designing Identity-Aware Realities in Virtual Learning
Authors: Yonekura Francisca
Published: July 2019

Previously, musings on co-designing identity-aware realities in the virtual space focused on the individual self during a learning experience. While preserving the individual self of the learner for a comprehensive outlook, the chapter will expand on the exploratory journey looking into the identity of the collective self, the shared experiences of those co-creating the moment, and the potential for a community of practice to emerge while learning in virtual environments. In the spirit of the contemplative goal of the chapter, design considerations in the creation and facilitation of learning experiences inclusive of the community's self are postulated.
Make It Real
Authors: Arenas Fil J. , Clayton Andrew S. , Simmons Kate D.
Published: July 2019

Several schools and colleges under Air University have found utility in using a mixed-reality approach to developing leadership acumen in this unique risk-free environment. This chapter will describe the power of collaboration between Air University and Auburn University at Montgomery while demonstrating the impact of this mixed-reality approach on developing military leaders. These mixed-reality exercises (MRXs) leverage an environment that establishes a practical laboratory for developing leaders to interact with avatars using a combination of virtual immersion and human intelligence (live simulation engagement). This innovative approach to “real play” allows real-time learning to take place in real time through virtual immersion.
Learning Problem-Solving Strategies in Virtual Worlds That Encourage People to Respect Human Rights
Authors: Bennett Kara
Published: July 2019

This chapter will discuss educational projects for learning problem-solving strategies in virtual worlds that encourage people to respect human rights as a lifelong learning experience. The discussion includes philosophical issues concerning the need to design new models for virtual learning that engage a person's own ways of thinking and interacting with the educational content. For example, the instructional design for these projects is based on adapting the think aloud and means-end analysis research methods for evaluating how learning about human rights in a virtual environment might transfer to the real-world community. The projects have been presented over the past 10 years in the virtual worlds of Second Life and the Open Sims.