bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Pleasure stolen from the poor”: Community discourse on the ‘theft’ of a Banksy
Authors: Hansen Susan
Published: November 2015

The removal of street art from community walls for private auction is a morally problematic yet legal action. This paper examines community reactions to the removal of Banksy’s No Ball Games for private auction. Five hundred unique reader comments on online newspaper articles reporting this controversial event were collected and analyzed. An emerging set of urban moral codes was used to position street art as a valuable community asset rather than as an index of crime and social decay. The latter discourse informed a repertoire that depicted No Ball Games as unlawful graffiti that was rightfully removed. Here, the operations of ‘the police’ (Rancière, 1998: 17) in the distribution of the sensible are evident in the assertions that validate and depoliticize the removal of No Ball Games. This repertoire was used to attribute responsibility for the work’s removal to deterministic external forces, while reducing the accountability attributable to those responsible for the removal of the work. A contrasting anti-removal repertoire depicted street art as a gift to the community, and its removal as a form of theft and a source of harm to the community. The pro-removal repertoire incorporates and depoliticizes elements of the anti-removal repertoire, by acknowledging the moral wrong of the removal, but yielding to the legal rights of the wall owners to sell the work; and by recognizing the status of street art as valuable, but asserting that the proper place for art is a museum. The anti-removal repertoire counters elements of the pro-removal repertoire, by acknowledging the illegality of street art, but containing this to the initial act of making unsanctioned marks on a wall, after which point the work becomes the property of the community it is located within. This analysis reveals an emergent set of urban moral codes that positions a currently legal action as a form of criminal activity.
Staging women in prisons: Clean Break Theatre Company’s dramaturgy of the cage
Authors: Walsh Aylwyn Mae
Published: November 2015

The article explores the limitations of the dramaturgies of the cell through a close reading of several key play texts commissioned by the UK’s leading arts in criminal justice organisation working with women, Clean Break. The apparently humanist positioning of women in prison as just like everyone else erases the specificity of women’s backstories. Conversely, by adhering to the constructions of female prisoners as holding binary positions of either ‘monsters’ or ‘victims’ of the system, plays can re-inscribe morally unitary approaches to women’s deviance and resistance. Many plays about women in prison hold a claim for resisting stereotypes and are in opposition to the injustice of criminal justice processes, and yet, in the realist mode, the monster/ victim position seems to be an inescapable binary.
Androgen deprivation therapy and cardiovascular disease: what is the linking mechanism?
Authors: Zareba Piotr , Duivenvoorden Wilhelmina , Leong Darryl P. , Pinthus Jehonathan H.
Published: December 2015

The past decade has brought increased awareness of the potential adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with prostate cancer. Arguably the most important and controversial of these is the increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although multiple observational studies have shown that men treated with ADT are at increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, our understanding of the biological mechanisms that might underlie this phenomenon is still evolving. In this review, we discuss some of the mechanisms that have been proposed to date, including ADT-induced metabolic changes that promote the development and progression of atherosclerotic plaques as well as direct local effects of hormonal factors on plaque growth, rupture and thrombosis.
Advances in Patient Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose
Authors: Pfützner Andreas
Published: December 2015

In 2 articles of the present issue, Bendini et al report about performance results obtained with 2 blood glucose monitoring systems of the Contour Next platform. Using several analysis methods, the authors demonstrate a very high accuracy, which meets all actual regulatory performance criteria. With consistent MARD results < 5% under daily routine conditions, this meter platform is finally fulfilling the accuracy request as set forth by the American Diabetes Association already in the late 1980s. This meter platform is representative for the successful effort of the device manufacturers who were consequently improving the analytical performance of blood glucose meters during the Past 2 decades, starting with an MARD of 12-15% at the end of the past century and reaching an excellent accuracy < 5% today.
Multiple cystic lung disease
Authors: Ferreira Francisco Flavia Angélica , Soares Souza Arthur , Zanetti Gláucia , Marchiori Edson
Published: December 2015

Multiple cystic lung disease represents a diverse group of uncommon disorders that can present a diagnostic challenge due to the increasing number of diseases associated with this presentation. High-resolution computed tomography of the chest helps to define the morphological aspects and distribution of lung cysts, as well as associated findings. The combination of appearance upon imaging and clinical features, together with extrapulmonary manifestations, when present, permits confident and accurate diagnosis of the majority of these diseases without recourse to open-lung biopsy. The main diseases in this group that are discussed in this review are lymphangioleiomyomatosis, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis and folliculin gene-associated syndrome (Birt–Hogg–Dubé); other rare causes of cystic lung disease, including cystic metastasis of sarcoma, are also discussed. Disease progression is unpredictable, and understanding of the complications of cystic lung disease and their appearance during evolution of the disease are essential for management. Correlation of disease evolution and clinical context with chest imaging findings provides important clues for defining the underlying nature of cystic lung disease, and guides diagnostic evaluation and management.
Sleep apnoea and driving risk: the need for regulation
Authors: McNicholas Walter T. , Rodenstein Daniel
Published: December 2015

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a highly prevalent chronic respiratory disorder with prevalence among adult males of ≥10%. The most common daytime symptom associated with OSAS is excessive sleepiness, which in more severe manifestations can result in sleepiness at the wheel while driving and probably contributes to the substantial increase in accident risk among patients with OSAS. Fortunately, current evidence indicates that successful therapy of OSAS, particularly with continuous positive airway pressure, can bring the accident risk down to levels similar to an equivalent general population. The recognition of the increased driving accident risk in OSAS prompted the Transport and Mobility Directorate of the European Commission to establish a working group on this topic in 2012, which ultimately led to a revision of Annex III of the EU Driving Licence Directive, which is subject to mandatory implementation by European Union member states by December 2015. This directive specifies that patients with moderate or severe OSAS associated with significant daytime sleepiness should be prohibited from driving until effective therapy is established. These new regulations are designed to balance the legitimate objective of public safety with not penalising OSAS patients who are complying with effective therapy. Successful implementation of regulations on driving in OSAS patients must also include measures to educate relevant stakeholders including patients, medical personnel, traffic police and employers in the transport industry. The key objective is to encourage patients with possible OSAS to seek diagnosis and treatment and not to inhibit OSAS patients from coming forward.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension: the burden of disease and impact on quality of life
Authors: Delcroix Marion , Howard Luke
Published: December 2015

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating disease that pervades all aspects of a patient's daily life. It is also increasingly acknowledged that the burden of PAH extends to older patients and carers. Until recently, the adverse effect of disease symptoms on the physical, emotional and social factors governing patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL) remained largely unrecognised. With a shift in therapeutic objectives to longer term improvements and HRQoL benefits, clinical trials now frequently include HRQoL measures as study end-points. Most HRQoL instruments used in patients with PAH are generic or non-disease-specific questionnaires and therefore may not accurately capture PAH disease burden. New PAH-specific HRQoL instruments currently undergoing validation include emPHasis-10 and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-Symptoms and Impact (PAH-SYMPACT; Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland). Using various HRQoL measures, pharmacological therapies have been shown to improve HRQoL in patients with PAH. Patients also derive HRQoL benefits from nonpharmacological strategies, which include the emotional support provided by multidisciplinary care and support groups that is fundamental to patient wellbeing. Looking to the future, validated PAH-specific HRQoL instruments together with dedicated guidelines and procedures are essential to support the translation of HRQoL scores to the clinic, thus enabling a holistic treatment approach to the management of patients with PAH.
A comparative study of the feet of middle‐aged women in Korea and the Maasai tribe
Authors: Choi Jun Young , Woo Sang Hyun , Oh Sang Hyun , Suh Jin Soo
Published: December 2015

Background

Members of the Maasai tribe spend their days either barefoot or wearing traditional shoes made from recycled car tires. Although they walk long distances (up to 60 km) daily, they do not generally experience foot ailments. Here, we compared parameters associated with the feet, ankles, and gait of middle‐aged women in Korea and the Maasai tribe.

Methods

Foot length, calf circumference, hindfoot alignment, step length, cadence, and walking velocity were compared among 20 middle‐aged Korean and bush‐living Maasai women. Static and dynamic Harris mat footprints were taken to determine the distribution of forefoot pressure patterns during walking. We also compared several radiographic parameters with standing foot and ankle radiographs.

Results

The mean foot length and width were significantly longer in Maasai women. Interestingly, 38 ft (96 %) in the Maasai group showed a claw deformity of the toe (s). There were no statistically significant differences in gait‐related indices and Harris mat findings between the two groups. On radiographic analysis, tibial anterior surface angle, tibial lateral surface angle, talonavicular coverage angle, talo‐first metatarsal angle, Meary angle, and naviculo‐cuboidal overlap were significantly greater in the Maasai group, whereas hallux valgus angle and the first and second intermetatarsal angle were greater in the Korean group.

Conclusions

Middle‐aged women from the Maasai tribe showed a higher prevalence of abducted forefeet, everted hindfeet, and fallen medial longitudinal arches than did Korean women, while Korean women showed a higher prevalence of hallux valgus, a preserved medial longitudinal arch, and toes that are free from claw deformity.
Promotion of human mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis by PI3-kinase/Akt signaling, and the influence of caveolin-1/cholesterol homeostasis
Authors: Baker Natasha , Sohn Jihee , Tuan Rocky S.
Published: December 2015

Introduction

Stem cells are considered an important resource for tissue repair and regeneration. Their utilization in regenerative medicine will be aided by mechanistic insight into their responsiveness to external stimuli. It is likely that, similar to all other cells, an initial determinant of stem cell responsiveness to external stimuli is the organization of signaling molecules in cell membrane rafts. The clustering of signaling molecules in these cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains can affect the activity, specificity, cross-talk and amplification of cell signaling. Membrane rafts fall into two broad categories, non-caveolar and caveolar, based on the absence or presence, respectively, of caveolin scaffolding proteins. We have recently demonstrated that caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression increases during, and knockdown of Cav-1 expression enhances, osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The increase in Cav-1 expression observed during osteogenesis is likely a negative feedback mechanism. We hypothesize that focal adhesion signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt signaling may be negatively regulated by Cav-1 during human MSC osteogenesis.

Methods

Human bone marrow MSCs were isolated from femoral heads obtained after total hip arthroplasty. MSCs were incubated in standard growth medium alone or induced to osteogenically differentiate by the addition of supplements (β-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3). The activation of and requirement for PI3K/Akt signaling in MSC osteogenesis were assessed by immunoblotting for phosphorylated Akt, and treatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and Akt siRNA, respectively. The influences of Cav-1 and cholesterol membrane rafts on PI3K/Akt signaling were investigated by treatment with Cav-1 siRNA, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, or cholesterol oxidase, followed by cellular sub-fractionation and/or immunoblotting for phosphorylated Akt.

Results

LY294002 and Akt siRNA inhibited MSC osteogenesis. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin, which disrupts all membrane rafts, inhibited osteogenesis. Conversely, Cav-1 siRNA and cholesterol oxidase, which displaces Cav-1 from caveolae, enhanced Akt signaling induced by osteogenic supplements. In control cells, phosphorylated Akt began to accumulate in caveolae after 10 days of osteogenic differentiation.

Conclusions

PI3K/Akt signaling is a key pathway required for human MSC osteogenesis, and it is likely that localization of active Akt in non-caveolar and caveolar membrane rafts positively and negatively contributes to osteogenesis, respectively.
Fat on sale: role of adipose-derived stem cells as anti-fibrosis agent in regenerative medicine
Authors: Gupta Manoj K. , Ajay Amrendra Kumar
Published: December 2015

The potential use of stem cells for cell-based tissue repair and regeneration offers alternative therapeutic strategies for various diseases. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have emerged as a promising source of stem cells suitable for transplantation in regenerative medicine and wound repair. A recent publication in Stem Cell Research & Therapy by Zhang and colleagues reports a new finding about the anti-fibrosis role of ADSCs and conditioned media derived from them on hypertrophic scar formation in vivo.
Adjuvant Radioactive iodine 131 ablation in papillary microcarcinoma of thyroid: Saudi Arabian experience
Authors: Al-Qahtani Khalid Hussain , Al Asiri Mushabbab , Tunio Mutahir A. , Aljohani Naji J. , Bayoumi Yasser , Fatani Hanadi , AlHadab Abdulrehman
Published: December 2015

Background

Papillary Microcarcinoma (PMC) of thyroid is a rare type of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), which according to the World Health Organization measures 1.0 cm or less. The gold standard of treatment of PMC is still controversy. Our aim was to contribute in resolving the debate on the therapeutic choices of the surgical and adjuvant I-131 (RAI) treatment in PMC.

Methods

From 2000 to 2012, 326 patients were found to have PMC and were retrospectively reviewed for clinicopathological characteristics, treatment outcomes and prognostic factors.

Results

Mean age of cohort was 42.6 years (range: 18–76) and the mean tumor size was 0.61 cm ± 0.24; lymph node involvement was seen in 12.9 % of cases. Median follow up period was 8.05 years (1.62–11.4). Total 23 all site recurrences (7.13 %) were observed; more observed in patients without I-131 ablation ( p <0.0001). Ten year DFS rates were 89.6 %. Cox regression Model analysis revealed size, histopathologic variants, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, lymphovascular space invasion, nodal status, and adjuvant RAI ablation the important prognostic factors affecting DFS.

Discussion

Despite excellent DFS rates, a small proportion of patients with PMC develop recurrences after treatment. Adjuvant RAI therapy improves DFS in PMC patients with aggressive histopathologic variants, multifocality, ETE, LVSI, tumor size (> 0.5 cm) and lymph node involvement. Failure of RAI ablation to decrease risk in N1a/b supports prophylactic central neck dissection during thyroidectomy, however more trials are warranted.

Conclusion

Adjuvant I-131 ablation following thyroidectomy in PMC patients, particularly with poor prognostic factors improves DFS rates.
Chemotherapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient receiving clozapine for treatment-resistant schizophrenia: use of the Mental Capacity Act 2005
Authors: Chamberlain Florence Elizabeth , Walsh Nicholas , Falkowski Jan
Published: December 2015

Treatment resistance occurs in approximately 30% of individuals with schizophrenia and is commonly treated with clozapine. Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's lymphoma is a subtype of Hodgkin's lymphoma predominantly affecting those under 50 years of age. In this case report, an individual with treatment-resistant schizophrenia developed nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's lymphoma and is treated with concurrent clozapine and systemic chemotherapy. The aim of this case report is to act as guidance for clinicians and to outline the difficulties of treating individuals with psychiatric illness under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 when the proposed treatment could lead to high levels of morbidity and mortality.
The application of mental health legislation in younger children
Authors: Thomas Victoria , Chipchase Barry , Rippon Lisa , McArdle Paul
Published: December 2015

We review a case history of a young child who was admitted to an in-patient mental health unit due to extremely challenging behaviour and review the legal issues that had to be considered in ensuring that there was appropriate legal authority for the child's admission and treatment. In this particular case, the patient was detained for assessment under section 2 of the Mental Health Act 1983. This case demonstrates that all clinicians working in this area require a good understanding of the law in relation to treatment of children with mental disorder, which is extremely complex.
Debate: Can and should psychiatrists use online information?
Authors: O'Brien Elly , Pell Christopher
Published: December 2015

When considering professional use of the internet, the focus tends to be on access to information. Yet the development of Web 2.0 and the growth of social media have transformed the internet from a largely read-only medium to one that facilitates interaction and user-created content. I will discuss some of the positive effects that online resources can have on professional practice, looking not just at access to information, but what we do with that information and how we interact online with fellow professionals and the public.
Are psychiatrists only fools and horses to be open all hours?
Authors: Wannan Gary , Wise M. E. Jan
Published: December 2015

The UK government's proposal for 24-hour healthcare means effectively asking doctors to work more unsociable hours for relatively little financial gain. In our opinion, psychiatry is particularly vulnerable to deterioration owing to negotiations of the terms of the current Consultant Contract that ensures fewer antisocial hours, whereas without parallel appropriate internal team and intra-agency working, provisions for which are not included in the government's proposals to extend care, patient care is vulnerable. Clarification and a narrower redefinition of what constitutes a psychiatric emergency is called for.
Tonalities of Defeat and Palestinian Modernism
Authors: Abu-Manneh Bashir
Published: December 2015

This essay adapts Theodor Adorno's conception of modernism to Arab and Palestinian historical conditions and argues that it is crucial for understanding the emergence and contours of Palestinian modernism. Key features, such as the disintegration of the individual and history as nightmare, are read as expressing a new Arab conjuncture. Defined by the dominance of a repressive Arab oil society and by the collapse of a region-wide revolutionary potential from the 1970s onward, its symptoms are: the bureaucratization of Palestinian politics, the Lebanese civil war, and the fall of Beirut in 1982. Palestinian modernist novels emerge in this context both to mark the end of Arab and Palestinian praxis and to resist its revolutionary recoil. Jabra Ibrahim Jabra and Abdelrahman Munif's coauthored novel World without Maps (1982) and Jabra's The Other Rooms (1986) are discussed as emblematizing this crisis of knowledge and representation.
Tania Bruguera
Authors: Robbins Christa Noel
Published: December 2015

This essay describes how two works by the Cuban performance artist Tania Bruguera articulate the conditions of participation within both the political and aesthetic fields. That articulation unfolds in Bruguera's specifying her performances' structures of address in order to demonstrate the ways in which individuals are variously folded into or blocked out of community-forming activities. In their insistence on such specificity, which this essay traces to a modernist notion of medium specificity, Bruguera's performances are shown to question the manner in which the field of “participatory art” is frequently generated out of an optimism for effective political and artistic practice within the conditions of post-Fordist sociality.
Precarity's Prayers
Authors: Armstrong Philip
Published: December 2015

Taking its point of departure from the etymological relation between precarity and prayer as well as from Jean-Luc Nancy's writings on “prayer demythified,” the essay seeks to reconfigure problems of dependency, vulnerability, and abandonment in the discourse of precarity. Insisting on this etymological relation to prayer opens up the singular conditions of precarious existence, which include forms of petitioning, request, and rhetorics of belief. In this sense, the essay seeks to understand how the discourse of precarity exposes different ways of addressing forms of political speech, enunciation, and utterance.
Some constructions of modular forms for the Weil representation of SL2(ℤ)
Authors: Scheithauer Nils R.
Published: December 2015

Modular forms for the Weil representation of SL2 (ℤ) play an important role in the theory of automorphic forms on orthogonal groups. In this paper we give some explicit constructions of these functions. As an application, we construct new examples of generalized Kac-Moody algebras whose denominator identities are holomorphic automorphic products of singular weight. They correspond naturally to the Niemeier lattices with root systems and to the Leech lattice.
A global estimate for the Diederich-Fornaess index of weakly pseudoconvex domains
Authors: Adachi Masanori , Brinkschulte Judith
Published: December 2015

A uniform upper bound for the Diederich-Fornaess index is given for weakly pseudoconvex domains whose Levi form of the boundary vanishes in l-directions everywhere.
Stochastic calculus over symmetric Markov processes with time reversal
Authors: Kuwae K.
Published: December 2015

We develop stochastic calculus for symmetric Markov processes in terms of time reversal operators. For this, we introduce the notion of the progressively additive functional in the strong sense with time-reversible defining sets. Most additive functionals can be regarded as such functionals. We obtain a refined formula between stochastic integrals by martingale additive functionals and those by Nakao's divergence-like continuous additive functionals of zero energy. As an application, we give a stochastic characterization of harmonic functions on a domain with respect to the infinitesimal generator of semigroup on L2-space obtained by lower-order perturbations.
Metaphors Happen: Miracle and Metaphor in Helena María Viramontes'sTheir Dogs Came with Them
Authors: Franco Dean
Published: December 2015

This essay argues that metaphors are not objects that simply appear in literature but are phenomena, contingent on a reader's anticipation and affirmation. This dialectical relation, between the metaphors consciously and unconsciously patterned in texts and the receptivity of readers to notice those metaphors, sustains the possibility of imagining and potentially creating other conceptions of history and community. In Helena María Viramontes's novel Their Dogs Came with Them, metaphors are paired with miracles, and both envision alternative worlds. For Viramontes, the neighborhood grounds the material conditions of characters' lives, yet it figures and stages transformative encounters. Drawing on theory by Eric Santner and Alain Badiou, this essay examines how Viramontes's novel, while determinedly realistic, sustains the possibility of transformation signaled by the metaphor.
Possessive Politics and Improper Aesthetics: Property Rights and Female Dispossession in Arundhati Roy'sthe God of Small Things
Authors: Casey Rose
Published: December 2015

Drawing upon research into Indian property law, this essay offers a new perspective on both the feminist interventions and the aesthetic innovations of Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things. This essay is the first to show how The God of Small Things' feminist critique is established primarily through attacking Indian property law, which has historically excluded women from its purview. Whereas previous criticism has focused on Roy's exploration of female social ostracism, this essay addresses the precarious political, juridical, and economic status of women in the novel. The God of Small Things' feminist legal critique is not only perceptive and timely, but it also offers a crucial insight into the political stakes of the novel's aesthetic form. I use political and legal theory to identify India's property law and juridical economy as “possessive,” or exclusionary, and to explain the contrasting significance of the novel's nonpossessive, relational aesthetics. Through its literary innovations, particularly its recursive narrative structure and metaphors of connection, The God of Small Things reconfigures the legal and political logic authorizing female dispossession. If India's gendered property law has systematically dispossessed women, The God of Small Things works to counter such exclusions by establishing an alternative structural logic. Roy's formal strategies are, I conclude, politically significant, as they delineate the possible form of a nonpossessive, relational juridicopolitical economy.
What Kind of Public Is the Reader?
Authors: Canlas Ryan
Published: December 2015

This essay reads Jean-Paul Sartre's notion of literary “engagement” alongside Hannah Arendt's writings on literature as a way of establishing the importance that both writers accord to the practice of reading literature as a form of aesthetic judgment. By paying particular attention to Arendt's attempt to complete Immanuel Kant's unrealized project of deriving a concept of political judgment from the field of aesthetics, the thesis of this essay is that the contradictions and paradoxes of such an attempt can help establish a heuristic for studying literature as a political medium by focusing attention on the specificities of literary analysis as a particular mode of judgment whose precepts and decisions do not always coincide with political or even ethical reason. Through a reading of Sartre's Roads to Freedom series, this essay argues that this heuristic does not attempt to reconcile aesthetic with political judgment but employs this incompatibility in order to establish a reading practice that operates within the explicitly drawn boundaries of literary discourse, the delimitation of which is a necessary first step to thinking through the relationship between literature and politics. Such a practice calls attention to aesthetic judgment as a kind of parapolitical space whose discursivity is not derived from what the novel says about the world but rather draws attention to the kinds of judgments that literary discourse is capable of generating as a specific and regional set of utterances operating alongside, and without being conflated with, political judgment.
Differentiated muscles are mandatory for gas-filling of theDrosophilaairway system
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Cruz Tina , Irion Uwe , Moussian Bernard
Published: December 2015

At the end of development, organs acquire functionality, thereby ensuring autonomy of an organism when it separates from its mother or a protective egg. In insects, respiratory competence starts when the tracheal system fills with gas just before hatching of the juvenile animal. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of this process are not fully understood. Analyses of the phenotype of Drosophila embryos with malformed muscles revealed that they fail to gas-fill their tracheal system. Indeed, we show that major regulators of muscle formation like Lame duck and Blown fuse are important, while factors involved in the development of subsets of muscles including cardiac and visceral muscles are dispensable for this process, suggesting that somatic muscles (or parts of them) are essential to enable tracheal terminal differentiation. Based on our phenotypic data, we assume that somatic muscle defect severity correlates with the penetrance of the gas-filling phenotype. This argues that a limiting molecular or mechanical muscle-borne signal tunes tracheal differentiation. We think that in analogy to the function of smooth muscles in vertebrate lungs, a balance of physical forces between muscles and the elasticity of tracheal walls may be decisive for tracheal terminal differentiation in Drosophila.
Activation of apoptosis in NAF-1-deficient human epithelial breast cancer cells
Authors: Holt Sarah H. , Darash-Yahana Merav , Sohn Yang Sung , Song Luhua , Karmi Ola , Tamir Sagi , Michaeli Dorit , Luo Yuting , Paddock Mark L. , Jennings Patricia A. , Onuchic José N. , Azad Rajeev K. , Pikarsky Eli , Cabantchik Ioav Z. , Nechushtai Rachel , Mittler Ron
Published: December 2015

Maintaining iron (Fe) ion and reactive oxygen species homeostasis is essential for cellular function, mitochondrial integrity and the regulation of cell death pathways, and is recognized as a key process underlying the molecular basis of aging and various diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Nutrient-deprivation autophagy factor 1 (NAF-1; also known as CISD2) belongs to a newly discovered class of Fe-sulfur proteins that are localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. It has been implicated in regulating homeostasis of Fe ions, as well as the activation of autophagy through interaction with BCL-2. Here we show that small hairpin (sh)RNA-mediated suppression of NAF-1 results in the activation of apoptosis in epithelial breast cancer cells and xenograft tumors. Suppression of NAF-1 resulted in increased uptake of Fe ions into cells, a metabolic shift that rendered cells more susceptible to a glycolysis inhibitor, and the activation of cellular stress pathways that are associated with HIF1α. Our studies suggest that NAF-1 is a major player in the metabolic regulation of breast cancer cells through its effects on cellular Fe ion distribution, mitochondrial metabolism and the induction of apoptosis.
Digital monsters: Representations of humans on the Internet
Authors: Vavilova Zhanna
Published: December 2015

This paper looks at the usage of depictions of monsters as a form of self representation on the Internet and attempts to discover what may hide behind this choice of the avatar. It endeavours to tie the notions of representation, visuality and monstrosity together, with the avatar at the intersection of images and identities. The purpose of this exploration is to open up a discussion to analyse and elucidate the phenomenon of monstrosity from a semiotic perspective, namely as a form of representation of the human being in the virtual world. The choice of an icon of a monster as avatar establishes a link between image and identity since a certain mind has put it forward as its representative in an effort to prove its own presence to the others with the intention of being seen in a particular way. Communicating this sign over the Internet is akin to the mediaeval carnival where the sign shield stands for the masquerade disguise, allowing one to overcome dogmatism and alienation engendered by the hierarchy of the society through making it possible to contact people of every rank, title or position, allowing one to become free.
Gustav Shpet's deep semiotics: A science of understanding signs
Authors: Feshchenko Vladimir
Published: December 2015

The article examines the implicit tradition of deep semiotics in Russia initiated by Gustav Shpet, a Russian philosopher of language. Shpet’s semiotic approach was developed synchronously with the major lines of European and American semiotics (Saussurian and Peircean), but has not been sufficiently known or studied. The recent publication of previously unknown papers by Shpet makes this Russian philosopher an advanced figure on the Russian semiotic scene. Shpet was one of the first Russian scholars to use the term ‘semiotics’, by which he meant a “general ontological study of signs”. Shpet used this term in his work History as a Problem of Logic as early as in 1916. Shpet’s main work on semiotics, the book Language and Sense (1920s), traced back the origins of semiotic thinking and laid the foundations for new semiotics, by which he meant a science of understanding signs. It is here that Shpet spoke of the ontological study of a sign, calling this study semiotics, or else characterics, and raising the issue of the semiotic mind.
Main stages of formation and development of the classic concept of quality of life
Authors: Харитонова Татьяна , Kharitonova Tatyana
Published: December 2015

The content of this article is devoted to theoretical aspects of the study of the problems of welfare, the life quality and

lifestyle of the population, which the author calls with one simple notion – the quality of life. The article contains

certain elements of scientific novelty. In particular, the author establishes the main components of quality of life:

economic, ecological, sociological and psychological. The article proves that all the components interact in the

complex; none of them is prevail against other and cannot replace others. The article also clarified the structure of the

category “quality of life”, which, on the one hand, indicates the ability to satisfy human needs, including the needs of

society; on the other hand, shows the degree of satisfaction of the person’s own life. Such a dualistic approach to the

concept of quality of life is, in the author’s opinion, the basis for the formation of the concept of quality of life based on

objective and subjective assessments. This concept in the framework of the research has been classical, because, in

fact, was formed because of century evolution of different theories and scientific approaches to problems of quality of

life. The author characterizes the four historical phases, which formed four distinct approaches to understanding the

level and quality of life. The author further discussed the material, quantitative and integrated approaches, as these

approaches formed in scientific and theoretical terms and as independent academic schools. The article is a logical

continuation of the research of the author on issues related to the quality of life of the population.
Soviet film distribution and demonstration in the era of “thaw”. The revival of the film industry.
Authors: Косинова Марина , Kosinova Marina , Аракелян Артур , Arakelyan Artur
Published: December 2015

In the period of “thaw” (mid 1950s – mid 1960s), there is a sharp qualitative and quantitative growth of Soviet cinema. If in 1951 in the USSR was filmed just nine films which didn’t represent a high artistic value in the creative attitude, already in 1956–57, Soviet cinema shocked the whole world. In 1958 they released 66 new Soviet film, but by 1960 our film industry overcame the milestone of 100 films and continued to steadily increase the production. The growth of the film industry contributed to the cinema spreading and film distribution. In the years of “thaw” in the USSR cinema attendance exceeded 3 billion, compared to 1.5 billion in 1953. The Gross fundraising from screenings at state cinema chains increased to 5.5 million rubles in 1957, and throughout the hole cinema chain – up to 7.5 million rubles. On the 1st January 1958, the chain consisted of 80 thousand cinemas, including more than 50 thousand in rural areas. By this time, they had mastered new technical possibilities of cinema (wide-screen, panoramic, wide angle, circular panorama). They fully mastered color film. However, in the field of cinema there were still a lot of unresolved issues. Revenues from films increased annually in largely through the construction and commissioning of new cinemas, and due to the tightening operation mode of already active cinemas, contrary to their real capabilities. But cinema rigidly centralized administrative-command system which had been formed in the 1930s continued to operate until the perestroika in the Soviet. They sold films to the distributors as a “product” based on the amount of the estimated cost of the film. The Studio was lcompletely disinterested in the outcome of the promotion of the film, its success with the audience. Thus, they did not have a major driver in the fight for the quality of films. Numerous attempts of the Filmmakers ‘ Union, established in 1957, to change the existing system didn’t have the results. The only application of far-reaching ideas of the Union became an Experimental creative Studio.
Historical basis for designing tourist programs “Spain during the reign of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian
Authors: Спатарь-Козаченко Татьяна , Spatar-Kozachenko Tatyana
Published: December 2015

Sightseeing, or cognitive, tourism includes visits to historical, cultural and natural attractions. Historical basis

for designing the tourist-excursion programs is topical nowadays. One of the interesting regions is the Iberian

Peninsula with the Roman monuments that have survived to the present day. The article reveals the origins

of the foundation and formation of territorial entities. The beginning of these formations belongs to the reign

of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian. The article is about the rise to power of Octavian, the conquests of the Roman

army, fight of North of the Iberian Peninsula peoples for independence, the development of new colonies

and cities, administrative reorganization of the territory of Spain, the formation of Conventions. The author

shows the real changes in the Northern areas of the Peninsula. They gave the territory, which natives originally

occupied, to military units for building bases and the business environment; traffic and communications

developed. There was a need in the minting and use of coins as a measure of exchange. This led to political,

administrative, social and economic changes in the community. The author demonstrates the different forms

of government, organizing cultural and social events. This article contains historical and regional character,

devoted to the development of civilization in the Iberian Peninsula, architectural monuments of the Romanera. The article can be interesting for students, teachers of secondary and higher educational institutions, as well as a wide range of persons interested in culture, history and tourism of Spain.
Philosophical meanings as the ordering principles of human life in culture
Authors: Шелекета Владислав , Sheleketa Vladislav , Ивахнов Василий , Ivakhnov Vasiliy
Published: December 2015

The article discusses issues related to the problem of justifying the value of philosophical creativity in modern

culture. It proves the author’s position of special significance of philosophy for the development of personal

culture, and worldview of the person and modern society. The article shows that philosophizing is inherently

different from other forms of creativity in culture, and agues that philosophical oeuvre bases on the critical

perception of the existing knowledge. Involving the theory of self-organization – synergetic – the authors have

shown systemic nature of meaning, which plays the role of attractor (a stable solution in the space of cultural

meanings). But the sense of simultaneously co-exists in close connection with ad-culture knowledge represented

in archetypal forms, continually becoming, realized in connection with the activities of consciousness and

clarifying the nature of meaning. The authors demonstrate their position with the notion of discourse. The

phenomenon of discourse is considered in its ontological dimensions as a conceptual basis of human existence

and position in the culture. On the theories of postmodernism and poststructuralism the authors determine the

form of philosophizing, based on the paradoxical structures that have under-subject nature. In this sense, there

is the way to overcome the subject-object dualism, because the detection of under-subject nature of the meaning

displays this meaning beyond the boundaries of the semantic field of culture. In this case, Philosophizing is a

special form of operating in meanings that have just the same universal nature that is inherent to the nature of

the phenomenon of meaning. In the end, the authors conclude that the role of philosophy in culture consists of

the ability, which exists in its own nature. Philosophical discourse demonstrates its universal and integrative

nature in socio-cultural space, creating a unique specific form of positioning oneself in the world. The authors

conclude that philosophizing as a form of art, similar to “the science of Socrates” – the art of the truth birth in

the course of the dispute, allows all cultural forms to stay dynamic, being in constant dialogue with each other,

thereby freezing in their own forms.
Specific structure of female deviancy in Tsaritsyn at the end of XIX – early XX centuries
Authors: Сухова Анна , Sukhova Anna , Селезнева Ирина , Selezneva Irina
Published: December 2015

This article analyzes the complementary nature and structure of different types of female deviancy in Tsaritsyn at the end of XIX – beginning of XX centuries, describes the main socio-economic factors contributing to the development of this anomie in this historical period in society. The authors examine the motivational complex, the structure and form of the female deviant behavior, present trends in the development of female deviancy. This scientific research is devoted to the theoretical foundations of the influence of economic stability on the species structure of deviant and delinquent behavior of women. In this study, there is the analysis of various types of female deviancy of this period in Tsaritsyn and the development of technologies of minimization of the deviant behavior of women in situations of economic change. Advantage of the research is a logical structuring and grouping of key issues related to the dynamics and species structure of deviant behavior women of Tsaritsyn, which permitted to analyze quite extensive statistical material. The authors examine the main factors that activate the deviant behavior of women in the period of economic transformation of society.
Tourism infographics: potential for educational process
Authors: Афанасьев Олег , Afanasiev Oleg
Published: December 2015

The article is devoted to the problem of using tourism infographic in the educational process of training specialists

in the sphere of tourist services. The object of study is a special form of information visualization – infographics

tourist. Subject of research is the classification and study of possibilities of using tourism as a special

infographic of the format of visualization of the educational information in the process of training specialists

in the sphere of tourism. Tourism infographic refers to a special thematic course in theory and practice visualizing

the information related to tourism resources, destinations, service in tourism and hospitality. In modern

science the concept of tourism infographic, a comprehensive synthesis publication about the pedagogical

functions of the infographics are absent. Infographics as a modern genre and the format for reporting is the

product of a global information space of the «InfoSphere». Its main function is the transfer of large volumes of

information through its visualization on a single, specially organized a compact image with the use of design

techniques. In the field of training of specialists on direction «Tourism» infographics have become one of the

most important methods of information influence on the students. The infographic has a bunch of important

didactic qualities, allowing to form a special visual expertise. The article describes the classification of tourism

infographic in various formats (media, information, narrative formats) described critical Internet resources,

providing the opportunity to engage in the learning process of the finished renderings of tourist subjects. The

article lists and describes the possibility of using in practical activity of students the most important tools for the

design and construction of tourist infographic. The article States the pedagogical effect of the use of the materials

infographic in the educational process of training specialists in the sphere of service and tourism. The

conclusion forms the positive impact of visualization techniques of tourist information by means of infographics

on the academic learning of students.
Trait and state anxiety in patients treated with intensive short-term group psychotherapy for neurotic and personality disorders.
Authors: Mielimąka Michał , Rutkowski Krzysztof , Cyranka Katarzyna , Sobański Jerzy , Dembińska Edyta , Müldner-Nieckowski Łukasz
Published: November 2015

Cel pracy

Celem niniejszego badania było określenie nasilenia lęku jako cechy i lęku jako stanu u pacjentów leczonych intensywną, krótkoterminową psychoterapią grupową z powodu zaburzeń nerwicowych i zaburzeń osobowości oraz analiza różnic nasilenia lęku zmierzonych na początku i na końcu terapii.

Metoda

W badaniu wzięło udział 116 pacjentów (81 kobiet i 35 mężczyzn). Pomiaru nasilenia lęku dokonano przy użyciu polskiej adaptacji Inwentarza Stanu i Cechy Lęku (STAI).. Badane zmienne (lęk-stan i lęk-cecha) mierzono na początku i na końcu leczenia.

Wyniki

U większości pacjentów (69% badanej grupy) nasilenie lęku-stanu na początku leczenia było wysokie, z czego u 47,4% bardzo wysokie. Nasilenie lęku-cechy na początku leczenia było wysokie u 64,7%, z czego u 50,9% bardzo wysokie. Na podstawie obliczonych wartości RCI oraz RCV (Reliable Change Index/Value) istotną zmianę w nasileniu lęku-stanu stwierdzono u 62%, w tym u 48,3% obniżenie, a u 13,8% zwiększenie nasilenia. W skali lęku–cechy istotną zmianę odnotowano u 44%, w tym u 36,2% poprawę, a u 7,8% pogorszenie. U ponad połowy badanych po zakończeniu leczenia zarówno poziom lęku-stanu, jak i lęku-cechy mieścił się w obszarze wartości średnich i niskich.

Wnioski

U większości pacjentów leczonych z powodu zaburzeń nerwicowych i osobowości nasilenie lęku-cechy i lęku-stanu na początku terapii jest wysokie. W toku psychoterapii dochodzi do istotnej redukcji nasilenia lęku-stanu i lęku-cechy, co przejawia się zmniejszoną tendencją pacjentów do reagowania lękiem. Istotnie pogorszenie w zakresie lęku-cechy obserwuje się u co trzynastego leczonego. Polska adaptacja kwestionariusza STAI jest użytecznym narzędziem do monitorowania skuteczności procesu psychoterapii i może znaleźć zastosowanie w diagnostyce przesiewowej zaburzeń nerwicowych i osobowości.