bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient experience with healthcare services among older adults with serious mental illness compared to the general older population
Authors: Fortuna Karen L , Lohman Matthew C , Batsis John A , DiNapoli Elizabeth A , DiMilia Peter R , Bruce Martha L , Bartels Stephen J
Published: November 2017

Objective

To compare patient experience with healthcare services and providers among older patients (≥50 years old) with and without serious mental illness.

Methods

Using secondary data from the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey from 2003 through 2013, we compared adults aged 50 years and older with schizophrenia spectrum disorder ( n = 106), mood disorders (i.e., major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder) ( n = 419), and no serious mental illness ( n = 34,921).

Results

Older adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorder reported significantly worse provider communication than older adults without serious mental illness. Older adults with mood disorders reported the greatest barriers to shared decision-making and the greatest difficulty accessing services.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the need to improve the patient experience of older adults with serious mental illness. Addressing provider communication, shared decision-making, and access to care among this vulnerable group of older adults may impact clinical outcomes and costs. Future research examining the extent to which improving the patient experience may improve health outcomes and enhance treatment for this highly vulnerable older group is warranted.
Unity Under Allah? Cohesion Mechanisms in Jihadist Organizations in Africa
Authors: Hansen Stig Jarle
Published: November 2017

This article explores mechanisms fostering cohesion in jihadist organizations in relation to territorial presence. This article takes four types of territorial presence as its point of departure: (1) a clandestine network-based presence; (2) an accepted presence where the organization is tolerated by a state; (3) a semiterritorial presence, where the organization is allowed some control between phases of enemy offensives and withdrawals; and (4) a relatively permanent territorial presence, where the organization fully controls the territory in which it has bases. The article argues that each of these types of territorial presence opens up for different ways for organizations to create cohesion. Cohesion mechanisms thus vary according to type of territorial presence.
Application of adaptive sliding mode control for nonlinear systems with unknown polynomial bounded uncertainties
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Khayati Karim
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we discuss the application of a novel switching integral-exponential-adaptation-law-based adaptive sliding mode control design for a wide class of nonlinear systems with unknown polynomial bounds on the uncertainty norm. A robust finite time convergence, i.e. finite stability, is obtained with low chatter on control actions and a fast-transient performance for adaptive sliding mode control handling the multi-input multi-output nonlinear systems with uncertainties of amplitudes bounded within unknown polynomials in the state vector norm. The exponential term of the proposed adaptation law targets the reduction of the chatter levels of the sliding mode by significantly reducing the gain overestimation while simultaneously suppressing the overshoot by speeding up the system response to the uncertainties. It also prevents the instability issues which encounters the classic integral-gain-law-based adaptive sliding mode control when underestimating its initial gain or gain rate parameter. A simple example illustrates the motivation and feasibility of the proposed adaptive sliding mode control. The applications on a nonlinear mass–spring system and on a two degree of freedom electromechanical rotative plant demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Development of angular velocity vector measurement of a spherical rotor based on color sensors
Authors: Pan ChengGang , Zhang GaoFei
Published: November 2017

Spherical actuators have many applications in satellite attitude control. It is very important for closed-loop control to measure the angular velocity vector of the spherical rotor accurately and quickly. This paper proposes one non-contact method for measuring angular velocity vector of a spherical rotor, using four color sensors. The spherical rotor surface should be color-coded with red, blue, green, magenta, yellow, cyan, black and white, while each color covers an octant in sequence. Four color sensors are mounted about the vertexes of a tetrahedron, used to sense the color of the spherical surface and transform them into angular velocity vector. Simulations approve the correctness of this method, within a module error of approximately 5.2 rpm and a direction error of 0.88 degree within 4000 rpm. Experiments verify that the random error is smaller than 2.7 rpm and direction error smaller than 1.1 degree within 2000 rpm.
Novel hybrid estimator based on model reference adaptive system and extended Kalman filter for speed-sensorless induction motor control
Authors: Demir Ridvan , Barut Murat
Published: November 2017

This paper presents a novel hybrid estimator consisting of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) and an active power-based model reference adaptive system (AP-MRAS) in order to solve simultaneous estimation problems of the variations in stator resistance ([Formula: see text]) and rotor resistance ([Formula: see text]) for speed-sensorless induction motor control. The EKF simultaneously estimates the stator stationary axis components ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) of stator currents, the stator stationary axis components ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) of stator fluxes, rotor angular velocity ([Formula: see text]), load torque ([Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text], while the AP-MRAS provides the online [Formula: see text] estimation to the EKF. Both the AP-MRAS, whose adaptation mechanism is developed with the help of the least mean squares method in this paper, and the EKF only utilize the measured stator voltages and currents. Performances of the proposed hybrid estimator in this paper are tested by challenging scenarios generated in simulations and real-time experiments. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the introduced hybrid estimator, together with a [Formula: see text] reduction in the processing time and size of the estimation algorithm in terms of previous studies performing the same estimations of the states and parameters. From this point of view, it is the first such study in the literature, to our knowledge.
Understanding adolescents’ mental health and academic achievement: Does physical fitness matter?
Authors: Xiang Man , Gu Xiangli , Jackson Allen , Zhang Tao , Wang Xiaozan , Guo Qiang
Published: November 2017

Despite consensus that physical fitness (PF) plays an important role in promoting mental health and academic achievement, little is known regarding the mechanisms by which this effect works. Blair, Cheng, and Holder (2001) proposed a conceptual model to identify the behavioral mechanism of health outcomes, in which both health-related PF and skill-related PF were identified as the direct determinants of health outcomes. Guided by Blair and colleagues’ model, the primary purpose of this study was to examine the association between health-related PF, skill-related PF, depression and academic achievement among adolescents. The second purpose was to investigate whether depression would mediate the association between physical fitness and academic achievement among this population. A total of 144 adolescents (M age = 14.55, SD = 0.62) were recruited from two middle schools. Health-related PF was significantly associated with depression, and skill-related PF was related to academic achievement. Mediation analysis supports the statistically significant indirect effect of depression on the relation between health-related PF and academic achievement. The findings suggest that individuals who are physically fit and show positive mental functioning may have better academic achievement during adolescence.
Health Care Providers’ Spirit at Work Within a Restructured Workplace
Authors: Wagner Joan I. J. , Brooks Denise , Urban Ann-Marie
Published: November 2017

Spirit at work (SAW) research emerged as a response to care provider determination to maintain a healthy and productive health care work environment, despite restructuring. The aim of this descriptive mixed-methods research is to present the care provider’s perceptions of SAW. SAW is a holistic measure of care provider workplace outcomes, defined as the unique experience of individuals who are passionate about and energized by their work. A mixed group of licensed and unlicensed care providers in a continuing care workplace were surveyed. Eighteen Likert-type scale survey questions were further informed by two open-ended questions. Results indicated that unlicensed continuing care providers’ perceptions of SAW are lower than licensed care providers. Responses suggest that open discussion between managers and team members, combined with structured workplace interventions, will lead to enhanced SAW and improved patient care. Further research on SAW within the continuing care workplace is required.
Positive Margins by Oropharyngeal Subsite in Transoral Robotic Surgery for T1/T2 Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Persky Michael J. , Albergotti William G. , Rath Tanya J. , Kubik Mark W. , Abberbock Shira , Geltzeiler Mathew , Kim Seungwon , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Ferris Robert L.
Published: November 2017

Objective

To compare positive margin rates between the 2 most common subsites of oropharyngeal transoral robotic surgery (TORS), the base of tongue (BOT) and the tonsil, as well as identify preoperative imaging characteristics that predispose toward positive margins.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary care referral center.

Subjects and Methods

We compared the final and intraoperative positive margin rate between TORS resections for tonsil and BOT oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), as well as the effect of margins on treatment. A blinded neuroradiologist examined the preoperative imaging of BOT tumors to measure their dimensions and patterns of spread and provided a prediction of final margin results.

Results

Between January 2010 and May 2016, a total of 254 patients underwent TORS for OPSCC. A total of 140 patients who underwent TORS for T1/T2 OPSCC met inclusion criteria. A final positive margin is significantly more likely for BOT tumors than tonsil tumors (19.6% vs 4.5%, respectively, P =. 004) and likewise for intraoperative margins of BOT and tonsil tumors (35.3% vs 12.4%, respectively; P =. 002). A positive final margin is 10 times more likely to receive chemoradiation compared to a negative margin, controlling for extracapsular spread and nodal status (odds ratio, 9.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.6‐59.6; P =. 02). Preoperative imaging characteristics and subjective radiologic examination of BOT tumors did not correlate with final margin status.

Conclusion

Positive margins are significantly more likely during TORS BOT resections compared to tonsil resections. More research is needed to help surgeons predict which T1/T2 tumors will be difficult to completely extirpate.
Developing offender manager competencies in completing case formulation
Authors: Radcliffe Kay , McMullan Elaine , Ramsden Jo
Published: November 2017

The Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) pathway is a national initiative which co-commissions health and probation to work in partnership to enhance the criminal justice management of high risk offenders with personality disorder. Psychologically informed support is expected to augment the current provision for this client group alongside workforce training. The impact of training offender managers (OM) is uncertain and previous research has indicated training may be limited in its effectiveness. This paper examines the impact of a training and supervision model on the quality of formulations produced by offender managers and suggests that a model which teaches formulation through repeated consultation or the live supervision of practice leads to enhanced competencies in completing case formulations. The paper evaluates the quality of formulations produced by offender managers who have had their practice developed through repeated consultation with the OPD pathway (OPDOMs) in comparison with a generic group of offender managers. OPDOMs who have had the longest period of supervision with the project produced the highest quality formulations. The paper acknowledges a number of limitations but suggests that the model under scrutiny may usefully inform service delivery within the Offender Personality Disorder pathway.
Elijah's Mantle: A Sign of Prophecy Gone Awry
Authors: Fetherolf Christina Marie
Published: November 2017

Although Elijah's mantle is typically understood as a symbol of prophetic authority, this article utilizes a narratological analysis to argue that the mantle is instead a sign of Elijah's decline and decommissioning. The function of the mantle in 1 Kings 19 and 2 Kings 2 is examined in order to demonstrate that the mantle is not invested with power and authority. The mantle is instead associated with situations in which Elijah did not perform his prophetic duties in an ideal manner. Descriptions of both Elijah and Elisha elsewhere further reveal that the mantle was not closely related to their identity as prophet, which supports the argument that it was not symbolic of prophetic authority.
‘David their king’: Kingship in the Prophecy of Hosea
Authors: Goswell Gregory
Published: November 2017

The anticipation of a future Davidide is present but not prominent in the Book of the Twelve, with the prophecy of Hosea introducing this theme in two key verses (Hos. 1.11 [Heb. 2.2]; 3.5) and setting thematic trends for the Twelve as a whole. Nothing subsequent to the prophecy of Hosea amends or corrects the main features of the Hosean portrait of kingship. Despite a general negativity toward contemporary kings, kingship is viewed as a viable model for government, and it is anticipated that restored kingship will be Davidic in character. The Davidic king has a circumscribed domestic role in the kingdom of God, for it is YHWH who will deliver his people and rule the nations from Jerusalem.
Family Legacy or Family Pioneer? Social Class Differences in the Way Adolescents Construct College-Going
Authors: Langenkamp Amy G. , Shifrer Dara
Published: November 2017

In an era of heightened educational expectations, it can be difficult to discern why would-be first-generation college-going adolescents are less likely to enroll in college than non-first generation adolescents. This article draws from cultural sociology to interpret differences in the way that adolescents socially construct the transition into college. Our data come from focus groups with 37 boys and 43 girls conducted in a racially diverse school district in central Texas in the United States. We find that adolescents are generally highly ambitious in their educational expectations. However, adolescents who would be the first in their family to attend college have distinctive cultural frames related to the postsecondary transition compared to adolescents whose parents went to college. Would-be first generation adolescents perceive going to college as being a family pioneer rather than continuing the family legacy, which represents a point of departure from their family of origin. Identifying distinct cultural frames and the ways that school context shapes students’ cultural frames enhances our understanding of social class differences in the college-going behavior of American adolescents.
Gender Differences in Desistance From Crime: How Do Social Bonds Operate Among Formerly Incarcerated Emerging Adults?
Authors: Abrams Laura S. , Tam Christina C.
Published: November 2017

Life course theory suggests that the social bond of marriage can serve as a pivotal turning point toward the termination of criminal activity, particularly for men. Yet limited research has investigated how young adult men and women utilize social bonds forged outside of marriage to facilitate desistance from crime. This study explored gender differences in how formerly incarcerated emerging adults navigate and utilize their social bonds with peers and romantic partners on the journey toward criminal desistance. Two semi-structured qualitative interviews and a social mapping exercise were conducted with 14 emerging adults (seven men and seven women) with extensive histories of juvenile incarceration. With regard to friends, the young women found peer support often inconsistent, leading to an overarching theme of self-reliance. Some of the young men used peer supports with an overarching theme of reciprocity, while others used peer supports very sparingly in order to avoid contact with criminal associations or potential danger. With regard to romantic partnerships, these relationships proved much more supportive of desistance goals for the young men and the contrary was the case for the young women in heterosexual partnerships. These findings add to a growing literature about the process of desistance for emerging adults.
Sensitivity to Pigment-Dispersing Factor (PDF) Is Cell-Type Specific among PDF-Expressing Circadian Clock Neurons in the Madeira Cockroach
Authors: Gestrich Julia , Giese Maria , Shen Wen , Zhang Yi , Voss Alexandra , Popov Cyril , Stengl Monika , Wei HongYing
Published: November 2017

Transplantation studies have pinpointed the circadian clock of the Madeira cockroach to the accessory medulla (AME) of the brain’s optic lobes. The AME is innervated by approximately 240 adjacent neuropeptidergic neurons, including 12 pigment-dispersing factor (PDF)-expressing neurons anterior to the AME (aPDFMEs). Four of the aPDFMEs project contralaterally, controlling locomotor activity rhythms of the night-active cockroach. The present in vitro Ca2+ imaging analysis focuses on contralaterally projecting AME neurons and their responses to PDF, GABA, and acetylcholine (ACh). First, rhodamine-dextran backfills from the contralateral optic stalk identified contralaterally projecting AME neurons, which were then dispersed in primary cell cultures. After characterization of PDF, GABA, and ACh responses, PDF immunocytochemistry identified ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting PDFMEs. All PDF-sensitive clock neurons, PDF-immunoreactive clock neurons, and the majority of ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting cells were excited by ACh. GABA inhibited all PDF-expressing clock neurons, and about half of other ipsilaterally projecting and most contralaterally projecting clock neurons. For the first time, we identified PDF autoreceptors in PDF-secreting cockroach circadian pacemakers. The medium-sized aPDFMEs and all other contralaterally projecting PDF-sensitive clock cells were inhibited by PDF. The ipsilaterally remaining small PDF-sensitive clock cells were activated by PDF. Only the largest aPDFME did not express PDF autoreceptors. We hypothesize that opposing PDF signaling generates 2 different ensembles of clock cells with antiphasic activity, regulating and maintaining a constant phase relationship between rest and activity cycles of the night-active cockroach.
Latina Immigrants’ Cultural Beliefs About Postpartum Depression
Authors: Sampson McClain , Torres Melissa I. M. , Duron Jacquelynn , Davidson Michele
Published: November 2017

It is estimated that U.S. Latinas have a higher risk of developing postpartum depression (PPD) than the general population, with even higher risk among immigrant Latinas. We conducted three focus groups with immigrants from Mexico and Central America (19) inquiring about cultural messages regarding PPD. Groups were conducted in Spanish, and thematic analysis was used to uncover themes. Themes are presented within three categories: views of PPD, cultural messages and beliefs that prevent treatment seeking, and suggestions to promote treatment seeking. Community and family-led efforts to decrease stigma and normalize PPD are suggested.
Conducting Anonymous, Incentivized, Online Surveys With Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents: Lessons Learned From a National Polyvictimization Study
Authors: Sterzing Paul R. , Gartner Rachel E. , McGeough Briana L.
Published: November 2017

Sexual and gender minority adolescents represent an understudied and hard-to-reach population who experience higher rates of mental and behavioral health problems in comparison to their cisgender, heterosexual peers. Online surveys and the proliferation of Internet-connected devices among adolescents offer an exciting opportunity for researchers to begin addressing research gaps and past methodological limitations with these hard-to-reach populations. The purpose of this article is to provide guidance to researchers who are designing and implementing anonymous, incentivized, online surveys by examining the following critical domains—(a) recruitment and engagement: means of leveraging social media and videos to recruit and engage a more nationally representative sample; (b) safety and protection: strategies for administering informed consent and protecting participant anonymity and well-being; and (c) data integrity: mechanisms to detect dishonest and repeat responders. To facilitate discussion of these aims, concrete examples are used from SpeakOut—a 3-year, national study funded by the National Institute of Justice that utilized an anonymous, incentivized, online survey with a large sample of sexual and gender minority adolescents ( N = 1,177) to identify the prevalence, incidence, and correlates of polyvictimization. The article concludes with lessons learned from this national study and recommendations for technological innovations and future research that will strengthen the utility of anonymous, incentivized, online surveys to study sexual and gender minority adolescents and other hard-to-reach populations.
Psychometric Assessment and Precision Remodeling of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale to Improve Clinical Use and Efficacy Among Prenatal Women in Canada
Authors: AlKusayer Nouf M. , Midodzi William K. , Newhook Leigh Anne , Burrage Lorraine , Gill Nicole , Halfyard Beth , Twells Laurie K.
Published: November 2017

Background:

The 17-item Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) has been widely used to assess maternal attitudes toward infant feeding and to predict breastfeeding intention. The IIFAS has been validated among prenatal women located in Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada, although its length may prove challenging to complete in a clinical setting.

Research aim:

The authors aimed to reduce the number of items from the original 17-item IIFAS scale while maintaining reliability and validity.

Methods:

A nonexperimental cross-sectional design was used among 1,283 women in their third trimester residing in Newfoundland and Labrador. Data were collected from August 2011 to June 2016. An exploratory factor analysis using principal component analysis was performed to explore the underlying structure of the IIFAS. The internal consistency of both the 17-item and reduced version was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and item-total correlation. The area under the curve and linear regression model were used to assess predictive validity of intention to breastfeed.

Results:

Our findings revealed that a 13-item IIFAS (Cronbach’s α = .870) had relatively similar internal consistency to the original IIFAS (Cronbach’s α = .868). Three themes were extracted from the factor analysis, resulting in the removal of four items. The reduced scale demonstrated an excellent ability to predict breastfeeding intention (area under the curve = 0.914).

Conclusion:

The reduced 13-item version of the IIFAS is a psychometrically sound instrument that maintains its accuracy and validity when measuring maternal feeding attitudes during pregnancy and can be more time efficient in clinical settings compared with the 17-item IIFAS.
Novel bio-nanocomposite hybrids made from polylactide/nanoclay nanocomposites and short flax fibers
Authors: Mihai Mihaela , Ton-That Minh-Tan
Published: November 2017

This article aims to formulations and properties of novel hybrid biomaterials containing unique four-phase combinations of polylactide (PLA), nanoclays, flax fibers, and coupling agents. A PLA-grafted maleic anhydride (PLA- g-MA) masterbatch containing 10 wt% PLA- g-MA was obtained by reactive extrusion and was further used, after dilution, as a coupling agent. In addition, three PLA masterbatches containing 10 wt% of three different grades of nanoclays, one untreated nanoclay and two organonanoclays, were also compounded. In a subsequent extrusion step, the nanoclay masterbatches were diluted in PLA down to 4 and 2 wt% while simultaneously incorporating in each one 20 wt% of short flax fibers. Those bio-nanocomposites were compounded without and with an equivalent content of PLA- g-MA, that is, with 4 and 2 wt%, respectively, through the dilution of 10 wt% PLA- g-MA masterbatch. The effects of the nanoclay chemistries, PLA- g-MA, and of flax fibers presence on the properties of bio-nanocomposite hybrid materials were investigated. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, rheology, mechanical properties (tension, flexural, and Izod impact), and reprocess ability tests were used to characterize the bio-nanocomposite hybrid materials. In a second step, PLA- g-MA was replaced by an epoxy/styrene/acrylic copolymer for comparison purpose of their respective effect in bio-nanocomposite performances. Mechanical properties of bio-nanocomposites containing the second coupling agent were also evaluated. The effect of the epoxy/styrene/acrylic copolymer is discussed in comparison with the effect of PLA- g-MA.
Ordering urban agriculture: farmers, experts, the state and the collective management of resources in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Korbéogo Gabin
Published: November 2017

This article explores the way land tenure, water flows, and water quality are legally, politically and socially framed in a site in Ouagadougou. It shows that urban agriculture is an important source of revenue for various individuals and groups, and a socio-political arena for state representatives, experts and farmers. The main stakes in these power relationships are the regulation, control and use of natural resources (especially water and land), but also residents’ nutrition and health interests. Public authorities produce and monitor the enforcement of legal standards of water use and hygiene, while farmers struggle individually and collectively to ensure efficient use of land and multiple water sources, sometimes challenging official norms. These competing interests lead sometimes to conflicts – over the use of the resources or the legitimacy of rules that regulate urban farming processes – that are negotiated through institutional or informal bargaining. Urban farming is thus a marker of socio-political and economic dynamics in Ouagadougou.
Efficient baseline utilization for incomplete block crossover clinical trials
Authors: Jemielita Thomas O , Putt Mary E , Mehrotra Devan V
Published: November 2017

Incomplete block crossover trials with period-specific baseline and post-baseline (outcome) measures for each subject are often used in clinical drug development; without loss of generality, we focus on the three-treatment two-period ([Formula: see text]) crossover. Data from such trials are commonly analyzed using a mixed effects model with indicator terms for treatment and period, and an unstructured covariance matrix for the vector of intra-subject measurements. It is well-known that treatment effect estimates from this analysis are complex functions of both within-subject and between-subject treatment contrasts. We caution that the associated type I error rate and power for hypothesis testing can be non-trivially influenced by how the baselines are utilized. Specifically, the mixed effects analysis which uses change from baseline as the dependent variable is shown to consistently underperform corresponding analyses in which the outcome is the dependent variable and linear combinations of the baselines are used as period-specific and/or period-invariant covariates. A simpler fixed effects analysis of covariance involving only within-subject contrasts is also described for small sample situations in which the mixed effects analyses can suffer from increased type I error rates. Theoretical insights, simulation results and an illustrative example with real data are used to develop the main points.
Challenging the Teaching of Global Ethical Unity: Religious Ethical Claims as Democratic Iterations within Sustainability Didactics
Authors: Franck Olof
Published: November 2017

The aim of this article is to highlight the role of religiously motivated ethics within the field of sustainability didactics. The article starts with critical reflections on the idea that religion, by proposing claims for knowledge of absolute authorities such as ‘divine beings or supernatural dimensions’, offers capacity for uniting various ethical life-views and positions. An alternative position is outlined: religious claims of this kind rather have to be interpreted as democratic iterations, paving the way for constructive agonistic communication inside, as well as outside, classrooms where RE (religious education) and ethics education are carried out with reference to various dimensions of social sustainability. Such teaching contexts may be apprehended as ‘democratic communities’ where religious justifications for ethical positions that refer to absolute divine or supernatural authorities could be seen as constructively challenging the borders for mutually respectful communication, and therefore as being important to highlight within ethics education on sustainability.
Learning Outcomes in Sustainability Education Among Future Elementary School Teachers
Authors: Foley Rider W. , Archambault Leanna M. , Hale Annie E. , Dong Hsiang-Kai
Published: November 2017

Universities and colleges around the world are exploring ways of reorganizing curricula to educate future leaders in sustainability. Preservice teachers hold tremendous potential to introduce concepts of sustainability far earlier than post-secondary education. However, there is little research of such efforts to yield changes in future elementary school classrooms. This article shares a new, required course—Sustainability Science for Teachers (SSFT)—that is designed to present sustainability topics to preservice teachers. Using the course as a case, we ask: Do preservice teachers acquire skills and content knowledge in sustainability, and does that experience translate to elementary classrooms? Pre- and post-test data from 234 students and a follow-up survey with 103 respondents offers evidence towards addressing this question. Analysis shows preservice teachers gain skills in systems thinking and develop content knowledge in sustainability. This study suggests sustainability is being introduced into elementary classrooms after preservice teachers were required to take a course in sustainability.
Association of mitochondrial copy number variation and T16189C polymorphism with colorectal cancer in North Indian population
Authors: Kumar Bhupender , Bhat Zafar Iqbal , Bansal Savita , Saini Sunil , Naseem Afreen , Wahabi Khushnuma , Burman Archana , Kumar Geeta Trilok , Saluja Sundeep Singh , Rizvi M Moshahid Alam
Published: November 2017

Globally, colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer. Genetic instability leading to cancer development is one of the major causes for development of cancer. Alterations in mitochondrial genome, that is, mutations, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and copy number variations are known to contribute in cancer development. The aim of our study was to investigate association of mitochondrial T16189C polymorphism and copy number variation with colorectal cancer in North Indian population. DNA isolated from peripheral blood of 126 colorectal cancer patients and 114 healthy North Indian subjects was analyzed for T16189C polymorphism and half of them for mitochondrial copy number variation. Genotyping was done using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism, and copy number variation was estimated using real-time polymerase chain reaction, numbers of mitochondrial copies and found to be significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients than healthy controls (88 (58–154), p = 0.001). In the regression analysis, increased mitochondrial copy number variation was associated with risk of colorectal cancer (odds ratio = 2.885, 95% confidence interval = 1.3–6.358). However, T16189C polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with the risk of rectal cancer (odds ratio = 5.213, p = 0.001) and non-significantly with colon cancer (odds ratio = 0.867, p = 0.791). Also, false-positive report probability analysis was done to validate the significant findings. Our results here indicate that mitochondrial copy number variation may be playing an important role in the development of colorectal cancer, and detection of mitochondrial copy number variation can be used as a biomarker for predicting the risk of colorectal cancer in North Indian subjects.
Partial dopamine agonist-induced pathological gambling and impulse-control deficit on low-dose aripiprazole
Authors: Peterson Evan , Forlano Rosaria
Published: November 2017

Objective:

To describe a case of aripiprazole-induced problem gambling and impulse-control deficit in a gambling-naïve patient following commencement of low-dose aripiprazole.

Method:

Case report.

Results:

This case adds to the literature on the dopamine partial agonist aripiprazole causing or exacerbating problem gambling, and extends that literature to low-dose use of aripiprazole in the gambling naïve.

Conclusions:

When commencing a patient on aripiprazole the possibility of emergence of problem gambling and other impulse-control deficits should be monitored, even in those with no history of similar behaviours and even on a low dose
When and Why Do Neonatal and Pediatric Critical Care Physicians Consult Palliative Care?
Authors: Richards Claire A. , Starks Helene , O’Connor M. Rebecca , Bourget Erica , Lindhorst Taryn , Hays Ross , Doorenbos Ardith Z.
Published: November 2017

Background:

Parents of children admitted to neonatal and pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) are at increased risk of experiencing acute and post-traumatic stress disorder. The integration of palliative care may improve child and family outcomes, yet there remains a lack of information about indicators for specialty-level palliative care involvement in this setting.

Objective:

To describe neonatal and pediatric critical care physician perspectives on indicators for when and why to involve palliative care consultants.

Methods:

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 22 attending physicians from neonatal, pediatric, and cardiothoracic ICUs in a single quaternary care pediatric hospital. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using content and thematic analyses.

Results:

We identified 2 themes related to the indicators for involving palliative care consultants: (1) palliative care expertise including support and bridging communication and (2) organizational factors influencing communication including competing priorities and fragmentation of care.

Conclusions:

Palliative care was most beneficial for families at risk of experiencing communication problems that resulted from organizational factors, including those with long lengths of stay and medical complexity. The ability of palliative care consultants to bridge communication was limited by some of these same organizational factors. Physicians valued the involvement of palliative care consultants when they improved efficiency and promoted harmony. Given the increasing number of children with complex chronic conditions, it is important to support the capacity of ICU clinical teams to provide primary palliative care. We suggest comprehensive system changes and critical care physician training to include topics related to chronic illness and disability.
Navigating Out of the Ocean of “Why”—A Qualitative Study of the Trajectory of Suicide Bereavement
Authors: Praetorius Regina T. , Rivedal Joshua
Published: November 2017

Literature on suicide bereavement has been mostly quantitative and focused on differences between suicide bereavement and other types of. In addition, existing research indicates that those bereaved by suicide (e.g., survivors) are at an increased risk for suicide. This study’s purpose was to analyze previously published stories of six survivors, using content analysis, to answer the following question: What can we learn from the experiences of these storytellers bereaved by suicide about the grieving process? Analysis of the stories revealed a grief trajectory that included sailing down the lazy river; (mostly) unexpected rapids; getting to shore before the waterfall; waking in the ocean of why; righting the ship and rescuing others. Implications of this study include that the trajectory identified will be a useful guide for those helping people bereaved by suicide including clinicians, volunteers, paraprofessionals, friends, and family.
A mathematical model for the third-body concept
Authors: Krejčí Pavel , Petrov Adrien
Published: November 2017

The third-body concept is a pragmatic tool used to understand the friction and wear of sliding materials. The wear particles play a crucial role in this approach and constitute the main part of the third-body. This paper aims to introduce a mathematical model for the motion of a third-body interface separating two surfaces in contact. This model is written in accordance with the formalism of hysteresis operators as solution operators of the underlying variational inequalities. The existence result for this dynamical problem is obtained by using a priori estimates established for Faedo–Galerkin approximations, and some more specific techniques such as anisotropic Sobolev embedding theory.
The struggles of everyday life: How children view and engage with advertising in mobile games
Authors: Martínez Carolina
Published: November 2017

Digital and mobile games are an important part of many children’s daily media usage and are used by children for, among other things, entertainment and relaxation purposes. Mobile games are commonly ‘free-to-play’ and have revenue models based on in-app purchases and advertising. These revenue models affect the content and structure of mobile games and, consequently, also the gaming experiences. Drawing on group interviews with 9- and 12-year-old children, this article analyses how children view and engage with advertising in mobile games, and what consequences in-game advertising have for children’s game experiences. The results show that children’s engagement with in-game advertising takes the form of a struggle and that children both resist and resign themselves to the advertising strategies. Advertising brings about negative experiences of deception, enforcement and confrontation, and interrupts moments of enjoyment, achievement and immersion during gameplay. These results suggest that playing advertising-based free-to-play mobile games is a demanding environment for children.
Attitudes of pre-service physical education teachers to healthism: Development and validation of the Attitude Towards Healthism Scale (ATHS)
Authors: Alfrey Laura , O’Connor Justen , Phillipson Sivanes , Penney Dawn , Jeanes Ruth , Phillipson Shane
Published: November 2017

Healthism is both an ideological and a regulative discourse that manifests as a tendency to conceive health as a product of individual choice. Healthism represents a collection of taken-for-granted assumptions, positioned at the intersection of morality, blame and health, that can lead to a privileging of ‘healthy’ and ‘productive’ individuals. It is argued that healthism is a key issue for physical educators and a significant focus for research. The validation of a scale – the Attitude Towards Healthism Scale (ATHS) – that seeks to quantify pre-service physical education teachers’ attitudes towards healthism is described. Participants were 201 pre-service teachers undertaking a Bachelor of Education degree in Australia. The factor structure of the initial 17-item scale was determined using an exploratory factor analysis followed by Rasch modelling and, lastly, confirmatory factor analysis. Initial exploratory factor analysis supported a unidimensional measure of healthism. Further Rasch modelling suggested that a refined 15-item ATHS scale functioned more effectively as two sub-scales that combined to provide a valid and reliable method of measuring the ideology of healthism. It is suggested that the ATHS will enable teacher educators and PSTs to discuss healthism with reference to attitudinal data, and examine how views change over time.
Collecting, connecting, constructing: Early modern commodification and globalization of Sámi material culture
Authors: Nordin Jonas M , Ojala Carl-Gösta
Published: November 2017

This article analyses the role of material culture in the enforcing of a colonial order in early modern Sápmi (Land of the Sámi, the indigenous people in northern Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Kola Peninsula in Russia). In addition, the article focuses on the unequal power relations created through the collecting and cultural appropriation of Sámi objects. The 17th century saw a rapid growth of interest in the Sámi and their material culture. Clothing, sledges, ceremonial drums and other objects were collected for royal and noble courts of Europe, as well as for scholars and other collectors. This Eurocentric process of constructing Sáminess was concurrent with colonial attitudes towards non-European peoples. Empirically, the article explores the collecting of Sámi objects, clothes and religious/sacred material culture such as ceremonial drums and sieidis, as well as models and mannequins, and their role in the colonial rule and imperial representations of Sápmi.
The potential for civility: British pacifists in the Second World War
Authors: Kelly Tobias
Published: November 2017

Is civility an end in itself, or a means to other ends? The relationship between means and ends marks theoretical debates about the meanings and implications of civility. This article addresses how these tensions played out in the context of the particular forms of civility promoted by pacifists in Second World War Britain. More specifically, it focuses on the experiences of those pacifists who set up community farms as a way to try and merge both means and ends through a form of sociality marked by love, mutual labour and conscience. The paper makes two arguments. First, the attempt to merge means and ends meant that the compromises of the present could be hard to overcome. The distinctly pacifist civility of Second World War Britain tended to reproduce particular middle class and masculine ways of being in the world. Second, it was the very tension between means and ends, however, that gave claims of pacifist civility fraught potency. For many British pacifists, pacifist forms of civility were an attempt to propose an alternative, not despite, but because of the space between their aspiration for cooperation and love, and the disappointments of experience. Pacifist civility was therefore understood as a form of potential. It is also important to note though that potentiality is marked by two possibilities: the potential to do; and the potential not to do. It is on this delicate balance between the inequities of the here and now and the aspired for future that pacifist civility stood.
Is Support of Censoring Controversial Media Content for the Good of Others? Sexual Strategies and Support of Censoring Pro-Alcohol Advertising
Authors: Zhang Jinguang
Published: November 2017

At least in the United States, there are widespread concerns with advertising that encourages alcohol consumption, and previous research explains those concerns as aiming to protect others from the harm of excessive alcohol use.1 Drawing on sexual strategies theory, we hypothesized that support of censoring pro-alcohol advertising is ultimately self-benefiting regardless of its altruistic effect at a proximate level. Excessive drinking positively correlates with having casual sex, and casual sex threatens monogamy, one of the major means with which people adopting a long-term sexual strategy increase their inclusive fitness. Then, one way for long-term strategists to protect monogamy, and thus their reproductive interest is to support censoring pro-alcohol advertising, thereby preventing others from becoming excessive drinkers (and consequently having casual sex) under media influence. Supporting this hypothesis, three studies consistently showed that restricted sociosexuality positively correlated with support of censoring pro-alcohol advertising before and after various value-, ideological-, and moral-foundation variables were controlled for. Also as predicted, Study 3 revealed a significant indirect effect of sociosexuality on censorship support through perceived media influence on others but not through perceived media influence on self. These findings further supported a self-interest analysis of issue opinions, extended third-person-effect research on support of censoring pro-alcohol advertising, and suggested a novel approach to analyzing media censorship support.
Utility and Cost-effectiveness of Motivational Messaging to Increase Survey Response in Physicians
Authors: Chan Randolph C. H. , Mak Winnie W. S. , Pang Ingrid H. Y. , Wong Samuel Y. S. , Tang Wai Kwong , Lau Joseph T. F. , Woo Jean , Lee Diana T. F. , Cheung Fanny M.
Published: November 2017

The present study examined whether, when, and how motivational messaging can boost the response rate of postal surveys for physicians based on Higgin’s regulatory focus theory, accounting for its cost-effectiveness. A three-arm, blinded, randomized controlled design was used. A total of 3,270 doctors were randomly selected from the registration list. Results showed that motivational messaging was effective in boosting response rate among younger physicians at relatively low cost when the messages were sent during the delivery of generic invitation letter and questionnaire. However, message framing had no significant impact on postal surveys’ response rate. Future postal surveys can consider using motivational messaging to maximize survey participation in physician population without incurring much extra cost.
Remember, Me: An Interlocking Narrative of Black Women’s Past and Present
Authors: Ferdinand Renata
Published: November 2017

This is a postcolonial autoethnography that explores the historical and contemporary plight of African American women. Specifically, it uses narrative and performative writing to demonstrate how both groups operate within similar systems of domination, leading to their existence as a disenfranchised, liminal group. By bridging the past with the present, the author draws a parallel between the lives of contemporary Black women and their historical predecessors, thereby showing the connection between seemingly disparate historical events. Furthermore, this essay examines the author’s particular location as a diasporic subject, exploring how she exists in an illusion of freedom, and with a disjointed subjectivity. Summarily, this essay examines larger issues of race, gender, and the identity politics of the diasporic subject, all in an effort to show how the past is recapitulated into the present. It offers a more nuanced way of thinking about the past, present, and the future.