bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unlocking work engagement: harnessing social capital, proactive personalities and POS in newcomers’ organizational socialization
Authors: Islam Azmat , Ajmal Muhammad , Islam Zeenat
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate how social capital resources (SCRs), proactive personality and perceived organizational support (POS) influence work engagement during the organizational socialization process through the lens of self-determination theory (SDT).

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing upon a sample of newly hired employees from diverse industries, data was collected using self-report measures. A total of 619 respondents’ data were qualified for analysis. Regression analysis and structural equation modeling with the bootstrap method were used for hypothesis testing.

Findings

Results indicate that newcomers who used effective organizational socialization tactics (OSTs) experienced higher levels of work engagement. Moreover, SCRs were crucial in shaping the relationship between OSTs and work engagement. Specifically, newcomers with greater SCRs exhibited increased work engagement, enhancing effective OSTs’ positive impact. Furthermore, proactive personality and POS traits moderate the relationship between SCRs and work engagement. Newcomers with a proactive personality were more likely to leverage their SCRs, leading to higher work engagement effectively.

Practical implications

This study underscores the importance of promoting social connections, organizational support, proactivity and positive relationships to enhance employee work engagement and overall well-being in the Pakistani context.

Originality/value

This study examines how SCRs, proactive personality and POS influence work engagement during organizational socialization, a novel area in newcomer adjustment. It highlights the importance of strategic socialization and targeted onboarding programs that enhance SCRs and proactive personalities. By integrating SDT with the cultural context of Pakistani organizations, it offers unique insights for improving newcomer adjustment and engagement.
Which story to tell: applying age, period, and cohort approaches to leadership assessment
Authors: Seemiller Corey , Rosch David Michael
Published: September 2024

Purpose

We highlight three approaches for structuring data analysis to aid leadership educators and researchers in investigating differences between populations, considering the variable of age.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilizing real data, we exemplify the three approaches to illustrate how insights might be gained.

Findings

We offer illustrative empirical findings in this reflective essay to demonstrate the three approaches. Our empirical examples are real, but not designed to be the purpose of this essay.

Research limitations/implications

We provide three methodological approaches to analyzing leadership data that can assist leadership educators and researchers in determining an appropriate method for meaning-making with their data.

Originality/value

We seek to describe three different approaches to data analysis that are likely accessible and convenient as well as could lead to insight for leadership educators and researchers.
Navigating the technological landscape: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis at the intersection of innovation and technology management in the era of the fourth industrial revolution
Authors: Tashakori Ehsan , Sobhanifard Yaser
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the intersection of technology management and innovation management amidst the fourth industrial revolution, uncovering evolving trends and influential contributors.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the Bibliometrix R-package, this pioneering research conducts a bibliometric analysis to delve into innovation and technology management literature, quantifying scholarly output and identifying thematic breakthroughs.

Findings

The study reveals quantitative insights into the progression of innovation and technology management research, offering guidance on evolving trends, thematic breakthroughs and influential contributors.

Practical implications

The findings offer valuable insights for practitioners and managers, guiding them through emerging trends and recommending a dual focus on fundamental principles and emerging areas for strategic decision-making.

Social implications

By fostering active engagement with evolving trends, this research contributes to the ongoing technology and innovation management discourse, potentially leading to societal benefits and advancements.

Originality/value

This study pioneers an in-depth bibliometric analysis at the intersection of innovation and technology management, offering unique insights and quantitative assessments of scholarly output and thematic trends, thus adding significant value to the existing literature.
Enhancing learning organizations through employee resilience: Investigating the mediating influence of psychological empowerment
Authors: Blaique Lama , Ismail Hussein , Corbin Jr. Thomas P. , Aldabbas Hazem
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the dynamic interplay between employee resilience (ER) and learning organisations, specifically examining the mediating influence of psychological empowerment (PE).

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on responses from 208 participants working in the United Arab Emirates, we used regression analysis with bootstrapping to scrutinise the data.

Findings

The results unveil a positive correlation between ER and learning organisation. Furthermore, PE is found to mediate this relationship.

Practical implications

In practical terms, organisations are urged to prioritise the cultivation of ER and the establishment of an environment fostering PE. Such initiatives contribute to a culture of continuous learning within the organisation and equip it with the adaptability needed to navigate new challenges.

Originality/value

This research contributes to a deeper comprehension of the importance of ER highlighting its positive effect on both organisational learning and PE.
Testing the invariance of warrior and guardian orientations on the prioritization of procedural justice: Do officer demographics matter?
Authors: Henry Grace , Wolfe Scott E.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The current study sought to better understand the factors that contribute to whether officers value procedurally just interaction techniques and contribute to the limited research examining how the effects of warrior and guardian mentalities may vary based on individual officer characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data collected from patrol officers in two geographically different and ethnically diverse United States police departments allowed for an examination of the generality of warrior and guardian orientations on perceptions of procedural justice across gender, race and/or ethnicity, military service, education, and experience.

Findings

There was a largely invariant effect of the mentalities on officer attitudes toward procedural justice, except for officers of color. In this sample, the guardian effect on prioritizing procedural justice was stronger for officers of color than for White officers.

Originality/value

This study sheds light on our theoretical understanding of the warrior/guardian framework and offers practical implications for police leaders and policymakers in their effort to improve police-community relations.
Gastronomy tourism destinations: developing a scale to measure tourists’ perceived attributes
Authors: Chen Ganghua , Xu Jingmei , Huang Songshan (Sam)
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study emphasizes the growing significance of destination attributes in shaping the experiences and behaviours of gastronomy and culinary tourists. Understanding both core and complementary attributes of a gastronomy tourism destination is crucial for its sustainable development. However, there is a lack of a reliable measurement for tourists’ perceived attributes of gastronomy tourism destinations (PAGTD). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a scale to measure tourists’ PAGTD.

Design/methodology/approach

The study systematically followed the scale development and validation process, using three samples (Sample 1, n = 200; Sample 2, n = 204; and Sample 3, n = 204) to establish the psychometric properties of the proposed PAGTD scale.

Findings

The validated scale comprises five dimensions, namely, food culture, food sensations, food cooking, service environment, and food price & quality, encompassing a total of 22 measurement items.

Originality/value

This research significantly contributes to the gastronomy tourism literature by elucidating the dimensionality of PAGTD and validating the PAGTD scale.
Comparison of efficacy between anti‐PD‐1 antibody monotherapy and nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy as first‐line immunotherapy for advanced mucosal melanoma in Japanese patients: A single‐center, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Horisaki Ken , Yoshikawa Shusuke , Omata Wataru , Tsutsumida Arata , Kiyohara Yoshio
Published: September 2024

Mucosal malignant melanoma (MMM) is a rare subtype of malignant melanoma with a more aggressive biological behavior than cutaneous melanoma (CM). Owing to its rarity, it is necessary to accumulate information on treatments, especially in Asians, in whom MMM occurs more frequently than in Caucasians. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and adverse events (AEs) of nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy (NIVO+IPI) versus immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy (PD‐1) in Japanese patients with MMM. We reviewed patients with advanced or recurrent MMM who received ICIs as first‐line systematic therapy between February 2012 and February 2024 at the Shizuoka Cancer Center. We enrolled a total of 57 patients: 10 (17.5%) were treated with NIVO+IPI, and 47 (82.5%) were treated with PD‐1 as first‐line systemic therapy. Objective response rates (ORR) did not differ significantly between the NIVO+IPI and PD‐1 groups (40.0% vs 27.7%; p = 0.176). There was also no statistically significant difference in progression‐free survival (PFS) (median PFS time: 4.3 months vs 9.9 months, log‐rank test, p = 0.578) or overall survival (OS) (median OS time: 33.1 months vs. 22.8 months, log‐rank test, p = 0.697) between the two groups. However, regarding AEs, grade ≥3 AEs leading to discontinuation of first‐line treatment occurred in 80% of patients in the NIVO+IPI group and in 22.6% of patients in the PD‐1 group (p = 0.002). No difference was found in the efficacy of NIVO+IPI therapy and anti‐PD‐1 antibody monotherapy as the first‐line treatment for MMM in Japanese patients, but an increase in AEs was observed with combination therapy. This study suggests that patients with MMM may receive less benefit from NIVO+IPI than from PD‐1.
Consumption externalities, habit formation and optimal dynamic non‐linear income taxation under asymmetric information
Authors: Chen Yunmin , Ren Dongmeng
Published: September 2024

This article proposes a 2‐period model featuring jointly habit formation, consumption externalities and asymmetric information to investigate their impacts on optimal labour and saving taxes. Regarding the effect of habit formation only, our model suggests that both labour taxation in the first period and a capital subsidy between the first and second period are used to deter consumption in the first period. However, when the impact of consumption externalities alone is considered, consumption externalities advocate for higher labour taxation for all agents. Finally, our quantitative results show that with the rising degree of consumption externalities, the discrepancy between marginal capital tax rates under full information and their values under asymmetric information falls, so does the change in the gap between the marginal labour income tax rates of the skilled and the unskilled. Conversely, as the degree of habit formation increases, the change in marginal capital tax rates under full information and under asymmetric information expands, so does the change in the gap between the marginal labour income tax rates of the skilled and the unskilled.
Process and implementation evaluation of a virtual hospital model of care for low back pain (Back@Home)
Authors: Melman Alla , Teng Min J , Coombs Danielle M , Li Qiang , Billot Laurent , Lung Thomas , Rogan Eileen , Marabani Mona , Hutchings Owen , Zadro Joshua R , Maher Chris G , Machado Gustavo C ,   The Back@Home Investigators
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Low back pain was the sixth most common reason for an ED visit in 2022–2023 in Australia, one‐third of these patients were subsequently admitted to hospital. Therefore, we have assessed whether some patients could be diverted to alternate clinical pathways, via admission to a virtual hospital (rpavirtual), and be cared for remotely in their own homes.

Methods

Ethics approval was granted for protocols X21‐0278 & 2021/ETH10967 and X21‐0094 & 2021/ETH00591. We conducted a mixed‐method process evaluation, using the RE‐AIM framework (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance) to answer key questions regarding the Back@Home model of care.

Results

This preliminary evaluation describes a cohort of the first 50 patients who received care between 13 February and 31 July 2023. The service had high levels of reach and adoption, very low levels of ED representation, and no AEs. Virtual care cost a median of AU$2215 (interquartile range = AU$1724–AU$2855) per admission. Patients admitted virtually had the same high satisfaction with care as traditionally admitted patients and reported less pain and better physical function.

Conclusions

Preliminary findings suggest that this model of care is a safe, acceptable, and feasible alternative to hospitalisation for non‐serious low back pain, in a select cohort of patients meeting inclusion criteria. Further data collection will inform whether Back@Home has had an impact on length of stay or traditional admission rates.
The EU Deforestation Regulation
Authors: Gilbert Christopher L.
Published: September 2024

The EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) will introduce stringent due diligence requirements on the sale of seven major agricultural commodities in the EU with the objective of limiting deforestation in the producing countries. The greatest impact is likely to be in cocoa and coffee where the EU, and Europe more widely, are responsible for a large share of world consumption; and possibly also in palm oil which has seen substantial deforestation. Commodity supply chains are complex. In particular, crops produced by smallholder farmers are aggregated into larger packets prior to export. Tracking the deforestation status of these aggregated packets will be a major and potentially costly undertaking. This will result in the restructuring of supply chains, favouring large farms over smallholdings and international trading companies over nationally‐based exporters. These developments are seen by some producing country governments as imperialistic. EUDR‐compliant supplies will earn a premium and this will raise the prices faced by European consumers. Producers who are able to comply will benefit from the premium but will bear the compliance cost. Overall, there will be a net pecuniary loss. Benefits to deforestation will only emerge as new planting takes place and will depend on whether other consuming countries introduce similar legislation. I estimate that, despite the reduction in deforestation embodied in EU imports, the overall impact on deforestation will be minor but with high associated compliance costs.
A novel luciferase‐based reporter tool to monitor the dynamics of carbon catabolite repression in filamentous fungi
Authors: Rüllke Marcel , Meyer Franziska , Schmitz Kevin , Blase Hannes , Tamayo Elisabeth , Benz J. Philipp
Published: September 2024

Filamentous fungi with their diverse inventory of carbohydrate‐active enzymes promise a holistic usage of lignocellulosic residues. A major challenge for application is the inherent repression of enzyme production by carbon catabolite repression (CCR). In the presence of preferred carbon sources, the transcription factor CreA/CRE‐1 binds to specific but conserved motifs in promoters of genes involved in sugar metabolism, but the status of CCR is notoriously difficult to quantify. To allow for a real‐time evaluation of CreA/CRE‐1‐mediated CCR at the transcriptional level, we developed a luciferase‐based construct, representing a dynamic, highly responsive reporter system that is inhibited by monosaccharides in a quantitative fashion. Using this tool, CreA/CRE‐1‐dependent CCR triggered by several monosaccharides could be measured in Neurospora crassa, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus nidulans over the course of hours, demonstrating distinct and dynamic regulatory processes. Furthermore, we used the reporter to visualize the direct impacts of multiple CreA truncations on CCR induction. Our reporter thus offers a widely applicable quantitative approach to evaluate CreA/CRE‐1‐mediated CCR across diverse fungal species and will help to elucidate the multifaceted effects of CCR on fungal physiology for both basic research and industrial strain engineering endeavours.
Political Connections and the Transition to Low‐carbon Energy Sources in China: Evidence from a Quasi‐natural Experiment
Authors: Shi Jing , Han Jianlei , Linnenluecke Martina , Smith Tom
Published: September 2024

We extend existing research on political connections to test their role in facilitating or hindering the transition to low‐carbon energy in China. This paper uses hand‐collected evidence on political connections from the résumés of executives and directors of energy firms operating across clean and emissions‐intensive (i.e., fossil‐fuel intensive) sectors in China. To obtain exogenous variation in the transition towards low‐carbon energy sources, we exploit the enactment of China's 2013 Action Plan on Air Pollution Prevention and Control (the Action Plan) as a quasi‐natural experiment. The plan favoured low‐carbon energy sources over traditional energy sources. Using a difference‐in‐differences methodology, we investigate the impact of these political connections on firm performance before and after the country issued the 2013 Action Plan. Our results suggests that low‐carbon energy firms experienced a significant improvement in their operational performance immediately after the implementation of the 2013 Action Plan, with both return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA) significantly higher for politically connected firms than for politically unconnected firms. Financial performance, as measured by Tobin's Q, significantly increased for politically connected low‐carbon energy firms three years after the implementation of the Action Plan, suggesting that political connections have also led to longer‐term financial benefits. Our results provide evidence that, as the transition to low‐carbon energy proceeded, business‐state ties have improved firm performance in sectors targeted by government policy.
Eliciting diverse perspectives to prioritize community actions for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Dean Angela J. , Fielding Kelly S. , Smith Liam D. G. , Church Emma K. , Wilson Kerrie A.
Published: September 2024

Communities have a strong role in protecting biodiversity. In addition to participation in restoration, a range of actions in the public or private sphere may support biodiversity. Despite this, there is a lack of clarity about what actions should be prioritized for behavior change campaigns. We developed and applied a method to prioritize community actions for biodiversity conservation that incorporates an expert‐based assessment of impact and a community‐informed measure of the likelihood of uptake. In stage 1, experts (n = 143) completed a survey that quantified the relative impact of actions based on best–worst scaling of perceived impact. In stage 2, surveyed community members (n = 3200) ranked the likelihood of adopting actions based on the ease or difficulty of performing each action, and the opportunity for change based on the proportion of respondents not yet engaging in each behavior. Experts gave the following actions the highest ranking for impact: voting for the environment (first), participating in restoration in ecological priority areas (second), and purchasing and protecting remnant bushland (third). When considering the disciplinary background and institutional background of experts, voting and participating in restoration activities remained in the upper ranked options. However, there was some divergence between these groups. For example, reducing beef consumption was ranked third by university‐based experts but ranked 28th by experts based in state government. Overall, community members ranked the following behaviors as most likely to be adopted: following quarantine laws (first), reducing plastic use (second), and managing pets (third). Top likelihood ranking of actions was minimally affected by community characteristics (nature relatedness, gender, location). Integrating these findings, the action ranked most favorably for impact, likelihood, and opportunity was participating in restoration. Choosing actions for behavior change campaigns requires consideration of the entire social–ecological system—from social factors that enable or constrain adoption to the ecological impact of actions across relevant social and ecological contexts.
Not all conservation “policy” is created equally: When does a policy give rise to legally binding obligations?
Authors: Bell‐James Justine , Foster Rose , Frohlich Miguel , Archibald Carla , Benham Claudia , Evans Megan , Fidelman Pedro , Morrison Tiffany , Rolim Baggio Liza , Billings Peter , Shumway Nicole
Published: September 2024

In many countries, complex environmental problems such as biodiversity decline are regulated at the national level by a disparate range of laws and nonstatutory policy instruments variously described by terms including plans, strategies, guidelines, statements of intent, and/or incentives. Such instruments are often grouped together by conservation policymakers and scientists under the umbrella term “policy.” However, from a legal perspective, there are critical differences between these so‐called policy instruments. In this paper, we focus on what we consider to be the critical difference: whether a policy instrument is binding, and therefore whether an administrative decision (e.g., about a development proposal) can be legally challenged due to noncompliance with that policy instrument. Drawing from international examples, the aim of this paper is to give conservation policymakers and scientists the guidance needed to critically differentiate between laws and nonstatutory policy, assess current or proposed policies, and determine whether a nonstatutory instrument gives rise to binding obligations, thus allowing for decisions to be challenged before a court. In doing so, we encourage conservation scientists, policymakers, activists, and practitioners to reflect critically on what is possible and not possible when nonstatutory “policy” instruments are designed and implemented.
Effect of blockage of Trem1 on the M1 polarization of macrophages in the regulation dental pulp inflammation
Authors: Wang Ting‐Ting , Jiang Wen‐Rui , Xu Li , Zhou Mei‐Yun , Huang Yong‐Song
Published: September 2024

Dental pulp inflammation is a common and significant factor related to poor dental prognosis. Current treatment strategies primarily concentrate on managing the inflammatory response, with specific targets for intervention still under investigation. Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs) are a group of receptor molecules extensively present on myeloid cell surfaces, crucial in the regulation of inflammatory process. Our analysis of transcriptomic sequencing data from clinical pulp samples of dataset GSE77459 and animal models revealed up‐regulation of Trem1 during pulpitis. Administration of the Trem1‐blocking peptide LP17 led to lower (more than 1‐fold) levels of several pro‐inflammatory factors and inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization both in vivo and in vitro. This study of the expression patterns and functions of Trem1 in the development of dental pulp inflammation provides novel insights into the therapeutic strategies for clinical pulpitis.
The role of inventory in firm resilience to the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Dodd Olga , Liao Shushu
Published: September 2024

We study the role of inventory in corporate resilience to Covid‐19 in 2020, which triggered exogenous shocks to consumer demand, commodity prices and supply chains. Unexpected drops in consumer demand and commodity prices increase the costs of inventory. Conversely, inventory holdings can buffer against supply disruptions. Empirically, US firms with higher inventory experienced more negative stock market responses early in the crisis due to falling consumer demand. However, since May 2020, inventory has become valuable as a hedge against supply disruptions, improving firm performance. During Covid‐19, unlike other crises, inventory played a unique role as a hedge against supply disruptions.
Neonatal Fc receptor is a functional receptor for classical human astrovirus
Authors: Haga Kei , Tokui Takashi , Miyamoto Kana , Takai‐Todaka Reiko , Kudo Shiori , Ishikawa Azusa , Ishiyama Ryoka , Kato Akiko , Yokoyama Masaru , Katayama Kazuhiko , Nakanishi Akira
Published: September 2024

Human astrovirus (HAstV) is a global cause of gastroenteritis in infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. However, the molecular mechanisms that control its susceptibility are not fully understood, as the functional receptor used by the virus has yet to be identified. Here, a genome‐wide CRISPR‐Cas9 library screen in Caco2 cells revealed that the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) can function as a receptor for classical HAstV (Mamastrovirus genotype 1). Deletion of FCGRT or B2M, which encode subunits of FcRn, rendered Caco2 cells and intestinal organoid cells resistant to HAstV infection. We also showed that human FcRn expression renders non‐susceptible cells permissive to viral infection and that FcRn binds directly to the HAstV spike protein. Therefore, our findings provide insight into the entry mechanism of HAstV into susceptible cells. We anticipate that this information can be used to develop new therapies targeting human astroviruses, providing new strategies to treat this global health issue.
Spectra of well‐differentiated neuroendocrine lesions in the extrahepatic biliary system: a case series
Authors: Liu Yongjun , Esnakula Ashwini K , Jain Shilpa , Lin Jingmei , Panarelli Nicole , Pyatibrat Sergey , Karamchandani Dipti M
Published: September 2024

Aims

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) occurring in the extrahepatic biliary system are exceedingly rare. While NETs typically manifest as mass lesions, the occurrence of microscopic neuroendocrine cell proliferation without a distinct mass remains undocumented at this location. This study aims to characterise the clinicopathological features of a series of well‐differentiated neuroendocrine lesions involving the extrahepatic biliary tree, including mass forming NETs and microscopic non‐mass‐forming neuroendocrine cell proliferation, designated neuroendocrine cell micronests (NCMs).

Methods and results

Surgical resections of NETs/NCMs involving the extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder were identified from electronic pathology databases among seven institutions spanning from January 2011 to September 2023. Clinical and histological findings were recorded. Ten patients (four female, six male: age range = 34–75 years) were included in the study. Histopathological examination revealed visible mass‐forming lesions in four cases (1.6–14.0 cm in size), identified in the gallbladder (n = two) or extrahepatic bile duct (n = two), all diagnosed as well‐differentiated NETs. The remaining six cases revealed incidental non‐mass‐forming NCMs in either the cystic duct (n = two), common bile duct (n = three) or gallbladder (n = one), ranging from < 0.1 to 0.4 cm; four were associated with biliary lithiasis. No evidence of metastasis or recurrence was seen in the follow‐up period (range = 0.1–11.2 years).

Conclusions

This study highlights the spectrum of extrahepatic biliary well‐differentiated neuroendocrine lesions, ranging from incidental microscopic NCMs to grossly apparent mass‐forming NETs, potentially requiring different clinical management. Noteworthy is the frequent association of incidental microscopic neuroendocrine cell proliferations with biliary lithiasis, indicating a potential neuroendocrine metaplastic pathogenesis that merits further exploration.
Association of left atrial function with frailty: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
Authors: Sun Daokun , Parikh Romil R. , Wang Wendy , Eaton Anne , Lutsey Pamela L. , Windham B. Gwen , Inciardi Riccardo M. , Solomon Scott D. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Shah Amil M. , Chen Lin Yee
Published: September 2024

Background

Frailty is common in people with cardiovascular disease. Worse left atrial (LA) function is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, whether worse LA function is associated with frailty is unclear.

Methods

We included 3292 older adults from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study who were non‐frail at baseline (visit 5, 2011–2013) and had LA function (reservoir, conduit, and contractile strain) measured from two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography. LA stiffness index was calculated as a ratio of E/e′ to LA reservoir strain. Frailty was defined using the validated Fried frailty phenotype. Incident frailty was assessed between 2016 and 2019 during two follow‐up visits. LA function was analyzed as quintiles. Multivariable logistic regression examined odds of incident frailty.

Results

Median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 74 (71–77) years, 58% were female, and 214 (7%) participants developed frailty during a median (IQR) follow‐up of 6.3 (5.6–6.8) years. After adjusting for baseline confounders and incident cardiovascular events during follow‐up, the odds of developing frailty was 2.42 (1.26–4.66) times greater among participants in the lowest (vs highest) quintile of LA reservoir strain and 2.41 (1.11–5.22) times greater among those in the highest (vs lowest) quintile of LA stiffness index. Worse LA function was significantly associated with the development of exhaustion, but not the other components of the Fried frailty phenotype.

Conclusions

Worse LA function is associated with higher incidence of frailty and exhaustion component independent of LA size and left ventricular function. Future studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that drive the observed association.
‘Let me see it through your eyes’: Teaching grammar‐for‐writing as imaginative embodiment
Authors: Healey Brett
Published: September 2024

Effective professional development (PD) in teaching writing involves supporting teachers' knowledge of the writer's craft, including their thinking processes, linguistic knowledge and practical strategies for teaching these. Grammar‐for‐writing approaches support teachers' knowledge of how grammar creates meaningful effects in writing. While training initiatives support teachers' knowledge of writing processes, more is needed to transfer process knowledge into effective teaching. Synthesising “writerly processes” with grammar‐for‐writing strategies may support teachers' classroom practice. This article explores the development of a workshop for teachers on a novel imaginative embodiment approach for teaching narrative writing, which links imaginative thinking and linguistic knowledge. The article reports on a study with Year 5 international school teachers in Hong Kong and their perceived efficacy of the approach after trialling it in their classrooms throughout a narrative writing unit, with the purpose of informing future teacher training. Findings from semi‐structured interviews showed that teachers perceived imaginative embodiment as supporting their “insider” understanding of writing processes through purposeful and specific strategies resulting in student improvements. However, unfamiliarity with the approach and insecure linguistic subject knowledge resulted in a steep learning curve. It is argued that imaginative embodiment training may develop teachers' understanding of, and strategies for, teaching the link between narrative imagination and grammatical choice, but training should cater to teachers' prior linguistic knowledge.
Fear of COVID-19 on Social Media: The Mediating Roles of Online Social Support and Disclosure of Information in South Korea
Authors: Ko Jeongmin
Published: September 2024

To minimize the spread and fear of COVID-19, the South Korean government disclosed detailed location-based information about confirmed cases. Information regarding the confirmed cases was then maliciously distributed on social networking services (SNS). Few studies have investigated how the fear of COVID-19 and the disclosure of information in confirmed cases affect intention on online behavior, despite SNS being a space where people can express themselves with high social support. An online survey was conducted in South Korea. People who feared contracting COVID-19 had a negative perception of not only self-disclosure but also information disclosure by others. However, the perceived online social support could overcome the fear of infectious diseases and encourage active engagement to disclose information. The disclosure of information about confirmed cases impacted social support and self-disclosure intentions. This study contributes to the literature on information disclosure for public health purposes in the online environment during the fear of the epidemic. The world government and future social media platform companies should develop a specific process of information disclosure to manage the fear of public behavior.
Organoleptic, chemical composition, and histology of fresh vs. fried Indonesian anchovies (Stolephorus sp.)
Authors: Agoes Mardiono Jacoeb  , Nurjanah MS  , Hidayat Taufik , Siagian Ikhsan
Published: September 2024

Fried anchovy (Stolephorus sp.) is a popular food in Indonesia due to its good taste and ample availability and affordability. Yet, the actual nutritional aspects of this local dish remain uninvestigated. This study imed to determine the best temperature and time for frying anchovies and to compare the histology and fatty  acid and cholesterol profiles of fresh and fried anchovy meat. Anchovies were fried at 160 °C or 180 °C for 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes, and the best frying conditions, namely at 180°C for 15 minutes, were established from the highest organoleptic test scores from a tasting panel assessment. Histologically, fried anchovy meat became shrunk, compact, and brittle, as explained by identified myomere changes. The fatty acid profile of fresh vs. fried anchovies revealed a marked reversal in omega-6: omega-3 ratios, and fried anchovies contained more cholesterol than fresh ones (0.825 mg/100 g vs. 0.270 mg/100 g, respectively). These changes were triggered by the use of oil and the temperature-driven chemical changes inherent to the frying process. Having investigated the organoleptic and nutritional aspects of frying anchovy meat, we propose the results of this investigation as a guide for dietary decisions and as a reference for further investigation on the subject.
Why Biological Cells Cannot Stay Spherical?
Authors: Krichen S. , Liu L. , Sharma P.
Published: September 2024

Biological cells are almost never truly spherical, even in the absence of an obvious cause that disrupts the cell’s symmetry. Using rather simple energy considerations, we show that even though all real biological cells are subject to a completely radial electric field along the cell membrane, the spherical shape is unstable under most practical situations. This simple result appears to have been overlooked in the literature.
Numerical Prediction of Inlet Geometry Influence on the In-Duct Acoustics of Small Centrifugal Compressors
Authors: Broatch Alberto , Navarro Roberto , García-Tíscar Jorge , Roig Ferran
Published: September 2024

Small centrifugal compressors are employed to boost automotive internal combustion engines or hydrogen fuel cells, amongst other applications. In many scopes, the overall intensity and quality of noise emission is a major concern, so many researchers develop and assess numerical models to predict acoustic spectra. In this work, detached Eddy simulations (DES) of a vaneless centrifugal compressor are conducted to assess the impact of intake geometries on its aeroacoustic performance. Experimental measurements are employed as a means of validation. Flow field analysis and Dynamic Mode Decomposition allow us to analyze the underlying mechanisms of the most relevant acoustic features. This work provides insight into the implications for noise generation of employing tight elbows due to packaging constraints.
Reproduction of Three-Dimensional Microstructures on Inconel 718 Utilizing Laser-Textured PECM Cathodes
Authors: Fang Shiqi , Frank Alexander , Schäfer Mareike , Guo Y. B. , Bähre Dirk
Published: September 2024

Pulse electrochemical machining (PECM) is an unconventional material removal process, widely applied to machine or shape difficult-to-machine materials. A new concept of reproducing three-dimensional (3D) microstructures has been developed and elaborated. Picosecond laser was utilized to produce concave or convex patterns on PECM cathodes, and pattern replication was carried out to PECM anodes. The laser achieved high machining precision and excellent surface integrity; both patterns were successfully replicated on the anodes. However, considerable deviations were found in the reproduced concave patterns on the anodes, possibly due to the rounding and widening effects.
Design and Motion Planning of a Cable Robot Utilizing Cable Slackness
Authors: Zhang Nan , Teng Long
Published: September 2024

Extending the workspace of cable robots can enhance their motion ability and help us make fuller use of their potential. This work designs a novel cable robot and utilizes cable slackness to extend its workspace. First, we use driving cables actuated by main motors and constrained cables driven by auxiliary motors equipped with lockers to control and restrain the motion of the end-effector, respectively. Then we classify the constraints on the end-effector into different modes according to the slackness of different constrained cables whose lengths can be changed by auxiliary motors, and continuous tension distribution (realized by tensioning devices) is applied to switch among them. To expand the mechanism’s workspace, the properties of the constraint mode series are analyzed and the static reachable workspace associated with it is defined, which guarantees the existence of feasible point-to-point trajectories. In particular, tree-based basic and general constraint mode series connection algorithms are designed to connect two targets in the static reachable workspace efficiently considering the necessary condition for the existence of the connection. After that, dual workspaces and subspace-based motion planning algorithms are designed to connect multiple targets in the static reachable workspace of the mechanism, and the quality of the trajectories is improved by using different manipulations of the constraint mode series. Since only driving cables are actuated by real-time capable servo motors and passively constrained cables are adopted to compensate for the weight of the end-effector, the size and the number of actuators and the energy consumption of the robot are reduced. Finally, the performance of the mechanism designed and the motion planning methods proposed are verified numerically under practical modeling errors regarding the cable elongation phenomenon.
Radiogenic heating sustains long-lived volcanism and magnetic dynamos in super-Earths
Authors: Luo Haiyang , O’Rourke Joseph G. , Deng Jie
Published: September 2024

Radiogenic heat production is fundamental to the energy budget of planets. Roughly half of the heat that Earth loses through its surface today comes from the three long-lived, heat-producing elements (potassium, thorium, and uranium). These three elements have long been believed to be highly lithophile and thus concentrate in the mantle of rocky planets. However, our study shows that they all become siderophile under the pressure and temperature conditions relevant to the core formation of large rocky planets dubbed super-Earths. Mantle convection in super-Earths is then primarily driven by heating from the core rather than by a mix of internal heating and cooling from above as in Earth. Partitioning these sources of radiogenic heat into the core remarkably increases the core-mantle boundary (CMB) temperature and the total heat flow across the CMB in super-Earths. Consequently, super-Earths are likely to host long-lived volcanism and strong magnetic dynamos.
Hibiscus bullseyes reveal mechanisms controlling petal pattern proportions that influence plant-pollinator interactions
Authors: Riglet Lucie , Zardilis Argyris , Fairnie Alice L. M. , Yeo May T. , Jönsson Henrik , Moyroud Edwige
Published: September 2024

Colorful flower patterns are key signals to attract pollinators. To produce such motifs, plants specify boundaries dividing petals into subdomains where cells develop distinctive pigmentations, shapes, and textures. While some transcription factors and biosynthetic pathways behind these characteristics are well studied, the upstream processes restricting their activities to specific petal regions remain enigmatic. Here, we unveil that the petal surface of
Hibiscus trionum
, an emerging model featuring a bullseye on its corolla, is prepatterned as the bullseye boundary position is specified long before it becomes visible. Using a computational model, we explore how pattern proportions are maintained while petals experience a 100-fold size increase. Exploiting transgenic lines and natural variants, we show that plants can regulate boundary position during the prepatterning phase or modulate growth on either side of this boundary later in development to vary bullseye proportions. Such modifications are functionally relevant, as buff-tailed bumblebees can reliably identify food sources based on bullseye size and prefer certain pattern proportions.
HIV-1 Vpr-induced DNA damage activates NF-κB through ATM-NEMO independent of cell cycle arrest
Authors: Sandoval Carina , Nisson Karly , Fregoso Oliver I.
Published: September 2024

Lentiviruses encode a number of multi-functional accessory proteins, however, the primary role of the accessory protein Vpr remains unclear. As Vpr engages the host DNA damage response (DDR) at multiple steps, modulation of the DDR is considered central to the function(s) of Vpr. Vpr activates ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 (ATR)-mediated DDR signaling, resulting in cell cycle arrest. However, the cellular consequences of Vpr-induced DNA damage, and the connection of Vpr-induced DNA damage to other Vpr functions, are unknown. Here, we determined that HIV-1 Vpr-induced DNA damage activates the ATM-NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) pathway and alters cellular transcription via NF-κB/RelA. Through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of cells expressing Vpr or mutants that separate the ability of Vpr to induce DNA damage from other DDR phenotypes, we identified that Vpr alters the transcriptome independent of cell cycle arrest. In tissue-cultured U2OS cells and primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), we showed Vpr activates both ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and NF-κB/RelA signaling cascades. While inhibition of NEMO did not affect Vpr-induced DNA damage, it prevented NF-κB activation by Vpr, highlighting the importance of NEMO in Vpr-mediated transcriptional reprogramming. Virion-delivered Vpr was sufficient to induce DNA damage and activate ATM-NEMO dependent NF-κB transcription, suggesting that engagement of the DDR and transcriptional changes can occur early during viral replication. Together, our data uncover cellular consequences of Vpr-induced DNA damage and provide a mechanism for how Vpr activates NF-κB through DNA damage and ATM-NEMO signaling, which occur independent of cell cycle arrest. We propose this is essential to overcoming restrictive environments, such as in macrophages, to enhance viral replication.

IMPORTANCE

The HIV accessory protein Vpr is multi-functional and required for viral replication
in vivo
, yet how Vpr enhances viral replication is unknown. Emerging literature suggests that a conserved function of Vpr is the engagement of the host DNA damage response (DDR). For example, Vpr activates DDR signaling, causes DDR-dependent cell cycle arrest, promotes degradation of various DDR proteins, and alters cellular consequences of DDR activation. However, a central understanding of how these phenotypes connect and how they affect HIV-infected cells remains unknown. Here, we found that Vpr-induced DNA damage alters the host transcriptome by activating an essential transcription pathway, NF-κB. This occurs early during the infection of primary human immune cells, suggesting NF-κB activation and transcriptome remodeling are important for establishing productive HIV-1 infection. Together, our study provides novel insights into how Vpr alters the host environment through the DDR, and what roles Vpr and the DDR play to enhance HIV replication.
Prediction of CO2 content in mid-ocean ridge basalts via a machine learning approach
Authors: Lei Tian-Ting , Liu Jia , Xia Qun-Ke , Zhou Jing-Jun , Luan Zhi-Kang
Published: September 2024

One of the primary locations of mafic magma production on Earth is the global mid-ocean ridge system. The basalts erupted along ridges probe the upper mantle and can be used to explore the deep carbon cycle. However, mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) degas heavily during magma ascent. Some incompatible-trace-element–depleted and –enriched MORBs avoid heavy degassing, and show a narrow range of CO2/Ba, which have been used to reconstruct the pre-eruptive CO2 content of primitive MORB. With an increasing amount of data, however, it has become apparent that the CO2/Ba ratios of MORBs vary significantly. We compiled a data set of the geochemical compositions of MORB glasses and melt inclusions that are not degassed significantly and used a supervised machine learning model to accurately predict CO2 contents of individual samples from the concentrations of selected elements. This approach reveals that predicted CO2 contents and CO2/Ba ratios of global MORBs are highly variable, highlighting the significance of mantle heterogeneity, which can be attributed to the interactions with deep-sourced plumes or recycled crust (oceanic crust with or without sediments). Our findings underscore the potential of machine learning as a powerful tool for investigating the intricate interplay between carbon, mantle composition, and Earth's long-term geological processes.
Neurological eponyms? Take your Pick
Authors: Warren Jason D
Published: September 2024

The neuropsychiatrist Arnold Pick (1851–1924) lent his name to a disease, but in his centenary year, it is timely to ask whether this and the many other eponyms that populate neurology are more help than hindrance. Here, I survey some neurological eponyms, propose criteria for judging their helpfulness (and unhelpfulness) and consider their future prospects in our increasingly mechanistic, contemporary neurological practice.