bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Slow HTTP DDOS Attacks: Detection, Mitigation and Prevention in the Cloud Environment
Authors: Dhanapal A. , Nithyanandam P.
Published: December 2019

Cloud computing is the latest buzzword and cutting-edge technology. The cost-efficiency, easy to operate, on-demand services, availability, makes the cloud so popular. The online web applications based on the internet such as E-Healthcare, E-Commerce are moving to the cloud to reduce the operating investment cost. These applications are vulnerable to slow HTTP Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack in the cloud. This kind of attacks aims to consume the resources of the application as well as the hosting system so that to bring down the services. The various forms of the slow HTTP DDoS are HTTP header attack, HTTP body attack and HTTP read attack. Due to the nature of mimicking the slow network behaviour, this attack is very challenging to detect. This is even more difficult to identify in the cloud environment as it has multiple attack paths. Theweb applications running in the cloud should have been safeguarded from the slow HTTP DDoS attacks. This paper proposed a novel multi-stage zone-based classification model to identify, mitigate and prevent the slow HTTP DDoS attacks in the cloud environment. The solution is implemented using the OpenStack cloud environment. The open-source slowHTTPTest tool is used to generate different types of slow HTTP DDoS attacks.
A for Effort? Using the Crowd to Identify Moral Hazard in New York City Restaurant Hygiene Inspections
Authors: Mejia Jorge , Mankad Shawn , Gopal Anandasivam
Published: December 2019

From an upset stomach to a life-threatening foodborne illness, getting sick is all too common after eating in restaurants. Although health inspection programs for restaurants are designed to protect consumers, such inspections typically occur sporadically, allowing restaurant hygiene to remain unknown for diners. At the same time, online reviews for restaurants provide a valuable source of information about the current status and quality of a restaurant. In this paper, we use the text contained in these reviews of restaurants to effectively identify cases of hygiene violations in restaurants, even after the restaurants have been inspected. Using data about restaurant hygiene in New York City from 2010 through 2016 and the associated set of online reviews for the same set of restaurants from Yelp, we use supervised machine learning techniques to develop a hygiene dictionary specifically crafted to identify hygiene-related problems. With this dictionary, we report systematic instances of moral hazard, wherein restaurants with positive hygiene inspection scores are seen to regress in their hygiene maintenance within 90 days of receiving the inspection scores. Based on these results, we provide strategies for how cities and policymakers may design effective restaurant inspection programs.
Asymptotic Analysis of a Multiclass Queueing Control Problem Under Heavy Traffic with Model Uncertainty
Authors: Cohen Asaf
Published: December 2019

We study a multiclass M/M/1 queueing control problem with finite buffers under heavy traffic in which the decision maker is uncertain about the rates of arrivals and service of the system and by scheduling and admission/rejection decisions acts to minimize a discounted cost that accounts for the uncertainty. The main result is the asymptotic optimality of a cμ type of policy derived via underlying stochastic differential games studied in Cohen [Cohen A (2018) Brownian control problems for a multiclass M/M/1 queueing problem with model uncertainty. Math. Oper. Res. 44(2):739–766.]. Under this policy, with high probability, rejections are not performed when the workload lies below some cutoff that depends on the ambiguity level. When the workload exceeds this cutoff, rejections are carried out and only from the buffer with the cheapest rejection cost weighted with the mean service rate. The allocation part of the policy is the same for all the ambiguity levels. To our knowledge, this is the first work to address a heavy-traffic queueing control problem with model uncertainty.
Care under the guidance of pressure injury prevention protocol: a nursing home sample
Authors: Yilmazer Tuba , Inkaya Bahar , Tuzer Hilal
Published: December 2019

Pressure injury is a healthcare problem frequently encountered in nursing homes. This study evaluated the effects of the care delivered under the guidance of a protocol for pressure injury prevention at a nursing home. It was implemented in four phases. In the pre-protocol period, the pressure injury incidence and nurses' care practices were evaluated. In the second phase, nurses were trained to use the protocol. In the third phase, the nurses provided care under the guidance of the protocol (post-protocol period). In the fourth phase, the incidence of pressure injury and nurses' care practices were compared between the pre- and post-protocol periods. The average age of the older residents was 78.40±7.12 years, and all were at high or very high risk of pressure injury according to the Braden scale scores. Some 30% were bed bound; 90% had faecal and urinary incontinence; and 70% had malnutrition. The results showed that the pressure injury incidence reduced from 17.39% in the pre-protocol period to 10.87% in the post-protocol period, while the nurses' care practices improved in the post-protocol period. Thus, use of pressure injury-prevention protocols can reduce the incidence of these injuries in vulnerable care home residents.
‘Teachers know best’: low-income families and the politics of home–school relations in Singapore
Authors: Chiong Charleen
Published: December 2019

Much Anglo-American and European literature describes relations between low-income groups and public sector institutions as characterised by disenfranchisement and distance – particularly within critiques of neoliberal policies and imaginaries. This article draws on in-depth interviews with 12 low-income families to explore why there are unexpectedly close home–school relations in Singapore. Three reasons grounded in families’ perceptions of the state and school are elucidated: (1) competence – of the Singapore state and its teachers in preparing children for success; (2) care – of the state and teachers towards children’s wellbeing; and (3) communication – frequent dialogue resulting in collaborative childrearing approaches between home and school. However, while these can contribute to close, collaborative home–school relations, the wider politics and power dynamics of these relations – as well as their effects on families’ lives – is worth further unpacking.
All-optical Fredkin gate using photonic-crystal-based nonlinear cavities
Authors: Hassangholizadeh-Kashtiban Mahdi , Alipour-Banaei Hamed , Tavakoli Mohammad Bagher , Sabbaghi-Nadooshan Reza
Published: December 2019

An all-optical Fredkin gate was proposed and designed. The Fredkin gate is a reversible logic gate. For designing the proposed structure we used three different optical nonlinear resonators. The wide-bandwidth resonators do not have switching functionality. However, the proposed resonator was modified to act as an optical switch in the horizontal direction. The final structure was designed using four wide-band resonators, twelve sharp resonators, and four nonlinear ring resonators. Simulation results show that the maximum rise time for the proposed structure is about 5 ps.
Control of open and disaggregated transport networks using the Open Network Operating System (ONOS) [Invited]
Authors: Giorgetti Alessio , Sgambelluri Andrea , Casellas Ramon , Morro Roberto , Campanella Andrea , Castoldi Piero
Published: December 2019

Use of disaggregated equipment in optical transport networks is emerging as an attractive solution to bring flexibility and break vendor lock-in dependencies. The disaggregation process requires standard protocols and interfaces between the control plane and network equipment. NETCONF has been selected as the standard protocol, and multiple initiatives are currently working on the definition of standard models for each type of data plane device. Different levels of disaggregation of the data plane are under evaluation, and it is still not clear up to which level it will be useful to disaggregate the data plane. The disaggregation of optical networks yielded the development of several controllers based on software-defined networking concepts, providing an environment for creating and deploying networking application on optical networks. Among them, the Open Network Operating System (ONOS) controller features the most active community with the recent establishment of the Open and Disaggregated Transport Network (ODTN) working group, specifically focused on the introduction of required functionality to control and monitor disaggregated transport networks. This paper reports on the state-of-the-art, potentials, and limitations of the ONOS controller applied to disaggregated optical networks with specific focus on the ongoing activities within the ODTN working group. Then, the paper describes a set of experiments performed on a setup including both emulated and real optical devices controlled with ONOS. The performed experiments consider both the establishment of a connectivity service and the recovery of the connectivity in case of failure on the data plane.
Adaptive exposure control for image-based visual-servo systems using local gradient information
Authors: Ding Zhushun , Chen Xin , Jiang Zhe , Tan Cheng
Published: December 2019

We present a new method for automatic adjustment of camera exposure
time for visual-servo systems. The proposed method can improve the
robustness of image processing in a high-dynamic-range environment. In
this paper, we evaluate an appropriate exposure time by computing the
local gradient information of a target area, allowing a camera to
capture images without losing target features under artificially
adjusted illumination conditions. To validate the advantage of the
proposed method, an evaluation is made using an off-the-shelf
visual-servo system with a machine vision camera. The experimental
results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, which improves
the performance of the target recognition algorithm.
Optical modulator based on the coupling effect of different surface plasmon modes excited on the metasurface
Authors: Wei Dong , Hu Chai , Chen Mingce , Shi Jiashuo , Luo Jun , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Haiwei , Xie Changsheng
Published: December 2019

An optical modulator of a metasurface constructed by an arrayed
nano-ridge-aperture with a central nano-cylinder (NRANC) is designed
and fabricated. The coupling effect between the localized surface
plasmons (LSPs) distributed over each nano-apex of the
nano-ridge-aperture and the outer-edge of the central nano-cylinder,
and the surface plasmons polaritons (SPPs) generated over the periodic
metasurface, have been investigated carefully. The tapered structure
can be utilized to concentrate the incident energy and also remarkably
enhance the localized light-field. The electrical dipolar induced on
the tapered structure will regulate the reflectance or transmission
characters. The coupling effect of the LSPs formed over the NRANC will
lead to an enhancement of the induced surface electrical dipolar and
further regulate the optical properties of the NRANC. By varying the
geometrical parameters of the metasurface, the resonance frequency of
the LSPs mode can also be adjusted and the movement of transmittance
peak can be viewed, and the enhancement factor would reach as large as
1.4×103. The coupling between the LSPs and SPPs would
stimulate Fano resonance. Adjusting the incidence angle of
illuminating lasers in the visible and infrared ranges could modulate
the stimulation of SPPs, so as to induce a relatively large alteration
on the transmittance spectral. Through performing the near-field
optical measurements, the near-field optical characteristic including
the surface induced charge information can be viewed, and a small (∼96
nm at x-direction) and bright hot-spot
is already observed under 45° oblique incidence of 633 nm TM lasers.
The metasurface of constructed NRANC highlights several potential
applications such as color filter, reflective reflectors, surface
enhanced Raman.
How the West (was) won: Unit operations and emergent procedural rhetorics of colonialism in Europa Universalis IV
Authors: Lundblade Kirk
Published: December 2019

Historical simulation games such as the Civilization, Total War and Europa Universalis franchises serve, formally and informally, as powerful methods of learning history. While extant scholarship has focused on the connections to history, pedagogy and procedural rhetoric, little work has been done to examine the subsystems embedded in the interface and algorithmic components of more complex simulations, such as those present in Europa Universalis – an analysis which is necessary to assess the complex enframing and algorithmic argumentation these games present. This article uses procedural rhetoric, as well as unit analysis, to analyse the constituent components that scaffold into larger procedural arguments made in the popular simulation game, Europa Universalis IV. This shows how the algorithmic implementations, both at a macro and micro level, advance arguments about colonialism, historical determinism and technological advancement, and how the predominant design philosophy of historical simulation games often reinforces simplistic or fallacious models of history.
Chorus
Authors: Worth Zara
Published: December 2019

Chorus re-writes Albert Hay Malotte’s choral rendering of ‘The Lord’s Prayer’ using hashtagged words appropriated from existing Instagram posts connected to the ‘clean eating’ food and lifestyle trend. The dyad of contemporary food culture and the musical score for one of the most well-known prayers in Christianity signals the collectivity and influence that the hashtagging of specific words and phrases can carry in certain online contexts. All the hashtags used in Chorus also featured in Worth’s previous year-long Instagram based performance-drawing titled A Drawing Made by Cutting Up My Body Weight in Celery (2016–17). A karaoke version of Chorus featured in Worth’s 2018 exhibition FEED at Vane, Newcastle upon Tyne, this version was originally created for Instagram as a series of videos: returning the recomposed language to the site from which it was sourced.
Hardeep’s Egg
Authors: Pandhal Hardeep , Steans David
Published: December 2019

Hardeep’s Egg is a collaborative work by Pandhal and Steans that proposes a definition for a new noun, based on a real-life experience of Pandhal’s. The definition is illustrated in different ways each time it is presented.
Estrategias para la conservación de Zamia furfuracea L. f. (Zamiaceae, Cycadales): una especie “En Peligro” de extinción con un amplio potencial de uso.
Authors: Favián Vega Enrique , Iglesias Andreu Lourdes Georgina , Luna Rodríguez Mauricio
Published: December 2019

Zamia furfuracea es una planta endémica del estado de Veracruz, que posee un gran valor ornamental y un alto potencial de uso. Se encuentra catalogada como una especie “En Peligro” de extinción, debido a que en las últimas cuatro décadas, fueron extraídas plantas, semillas e incluso individuos adultos de sus poblaciones naturales de forma ilegal, reduciéndolas hasta en un 40%. Por tal motivo, se desarrolló el presente trabajo con el objetivo de establecer un enfoque integral para su manejo y conservación, tanto a nivel local como regional. Para ello se identificaron y evaluaron diversos índices de fragmentación que están incidiendo en sus poblaciones y se realizaron estudios sobre su biología reproductiva, demografía y diversidad genética. Se encontró que aunque todas las poblaciones se encuentran afectadas por diferentes agentes de perturbación, todos ellos han estado afectando la viabilidad y germinación de las semillas así como la supervivencia de los individuos juveniles. Con base a los resultados obtenidos se proponen diferentes estrategias de conservación para cada una de las poblaciones estudiadas y aunque se concluye que la conservación ex situ es la mejor alternativa para la conservación de la especie, no se descarta la conveniencia de implementar acciones para su conservación y manejo in situ.
Eficiencia energética y sustentabilidad en hoteles de sol y playa en el noreste de México
Authors: Jaramillo Escobedo José Vicente , Luyando Cuevas José Raúl , Guzowski Carina , Zabaloy María Florencia
Published: December 2019

El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar si la oferta turística en hoteles de los municipios conurbados de Tampico, Madero y Altamira en el estado de Tamaulipas en México, contempla medidas de eficiencia energética, en el sentido de procurar una estancia turística que gradualmente pueda ser más sustentable en la zona. Para lograrlo, se realizaron encuestas a una muestra representativa de hoteles afiliados a la Asociación de Hoteles del Sur de Tamaulipas A.C., encontrándose que pocos de estos hoteles están llevando a cabo acciones sustanciales para reducir el consumo de energía mediante prácticas internacionales de eficiencia energética y, por tanto, existe la necesidad de implementar en la zona estudiada políticas que apoyen o estimulen este tipo de prácticas.
IPSO must show what it is made of
Authors: Harris Julian
Published: December 2019

Julian Harris notes that with Leveson officially laid to rest, 95 per cent of national newspapers are regulated by the Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO) while IMPRESS, the approved regulator recognised under the Royal Charter on press regulation, has few members and is ignored by the mainstream printed media. He suggests that while the government is preoccupied with other matters, particularly Brexit, and is content for IPSO to assume the role of de facto press regulator with IMPRESS drifting along in its wake there is an opportunity and need for IPSO to prove itself.
Amicus Curiae Issue 109
Authors: Harris Julian
Published: December 2019

Full issue PDF of Amicus Curiae Issue 109
The transnational crime of human trafficking: taking the Canadian human security approach
Authors: O’Neill Maria
Published: December 2019

Dr Maria O’Neill (University of Abertay, Dundee) examines a number of jurisdictional approaches taken to tackle the crime of trafficking in human beings (THB), making comparisons in particular with the approach in Canada.
Legal form and independence of specialist regulators: the case of the Oil and Gas authority
Authors: Daintith Terence
Published: December 2019

In this paper based on a presentation given at an IALS lunchtime seminar, Professorial Fellow and former Director of the Institute Terence Daintith explores the form, governance and remit of the Oil and Gas authority. As this legal form had never before been used for a specialist regulator in the UK, he suggests it is worth asking:

why this was done;

what government companies normally do;

what were the closest precedents;

what were the effects of the choice in relation to the control, accountability, and independence of the regulator; and

what might be the implications for the future.

 

Index keywords: Petroleum industry and trade, Petroleum law and legislation, Oil and Gas Authority, United Kingdom
Electronic signatures and reliance
Authors: Bohm Nicholas , Mason Stephen
Published: December 2019

To complement a project considering electronic signatures in the Law Commission 13th programme of reform, Nicholas Bohm and Stephen Mason (members of the Law Commission’s Advisory Group for the project on electronic signatures and the electronic execution of documents) examine the reliability of electronic signatures. 

Index keywords: Electronic documents, electronic signatures
The complexity of financial regulation and a quest for the grail
Authors: Kammel Armin J.
Published: December 2019

In this article Dr Armin J. Kammel (Professor of Banking Law and Financial Regulation at Lauder Business School in Vienna and IALS Associate Research Fellow) offers an introduction to the concept of complexity and makes a critical assessment of its application to financial regulation and provides some future policy recommendations. Includes helpful bibliography.

Index keywords: financial regulation, banking law
The regulatory power of international trade contracts over 19th century Dutch commercial sales law
Authors: Oosterhuis Janwillem
Published: December 2019

Assistant Professor Janwillem Oosterhuis (Faculty of Law, Maastricht University) traces the historical development of international trade contracts, suggesting an important influence from 19th century Dutch commercial sales law.

Index keywords: Netherlands, sales law, commercial law, legal history, international trade law
Harmonisation impossible? On the evolution of the English, French, and Bulgarian approach to hardship in commercial contracts
Authors: Vassileva Radosveta
Published: December 2019

Dr Radosveta Vassileva (Teaching Fellow at University College London) describes the origins and development of  approaches in hardship in commercial contracts, looking particularly at approaches in French, Bulgarian and English law and examining the opportunities for harmonisation.

Index keywords: France, Bulgaria, UK, contract law, commercial contracts, hardship
Amino Acids and their Derivatives in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Liver Diseases
Authors: Nefyodov I.I. , Karakosh A.J. , Alufaini M.A. , Karavay P.A. , Karavay N.L.
Published: December 2019

A mini-review of literature data on the mechanisms of formation of the stock of free amino acids and their derivatives in liver pathology and methods for correcting metabolic imbalance
A Rare Cause of Acute Renal Failure: Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Authors: Omer Yılmaz , Emre Kizilkan Yunus , Cihan Temel Muhammed , Caner Ediz , Fatih Ozcelik
Published: December 2019

Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis also known as Ormonds disease is a rare disorder characterized by the development of fibrotic tissue in the retroperitoneum. The fibrotic tissue may compress ureters, leading to obstructive nephrouropathy and renal failure. A 58-year-old man with fatigue, loss of appetite and unable to urinate was admitted to our clinic. Because of the serum creatinine value of 5.3 mg/dl, urinary ultrasonography was performed and bilateral grade 3 hydronephrosis with moderate level urine in bladder was detected. Hydronephrosis did not regress by transurethral foley catheter and suspicious appearance in the retroperitoneal area was found in abdominal magnetic resonance imaging. Tru-cut biopsy result of the current lesion was finally reported as a connective tissue. Bilateral double j catheter insertion was performed and started to immunosuppression therapy with corticosteroid. Two months later, double j catheters were removed and hydronephrosis was not detected in follow-up. In this case report, we tried to explain that, retroperitoneal fibrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of postrenal acute renal failure, even in patients without a classic symptom such as pain. In addition, early surgical intervention should be avoided in such patients.
Aprendizaje colaborativo mediado por TIC en una escuela pública con niñez migrante de Montevideo
Authors: Da Silva Ramos Mónica , Chiarino Durante Nicolás , Pereyra Elordi Luis Osvaldo , Rivero Vidal Estela
Published: December 2019

Este artículo parte de un proyecto de extensión universitaria que diseñó e implementó una propuesta de aprendizaje colaborativo a través del uso de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), en una escuela con niñez migrante en la ciudad de Montevideo, con el fin de generar procesos de inclusión intercultural. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, basada en el diseño de un modelo colaborativo y narrativo, con entrevistas, registros etnográficos y una escala de motivación y de observación de clases. Se presentan algunos resultados de dicho proyecto con el fin problematizar algunas dimensiones analíticas, como las características del diseño colaborativo y su impacto en los participantes, la creación de una narrativa colaborativa como hilo conductor de la propuesta y el papel mediador de las TIC como elementos significativos para la generación de un espacio de respeto a la diversidad. Las reflexiones se enfocan en el papel de la construcción de propuestas situadas, basadas en la identificación de los fondos de conocimiento de las familias y niñez migrantes.
Construcción y representación de la identidad de Alto Verde y La Boca. Trabajo conjunto entre la Red Interinstitucional y Social de Alto Verde y la Universidad Nacional del Litoral
Authors: Heinrich Verónica , Mines Patricia , Reinheimer Bruno , Cabrera Hugo
Published: December 2019

Este artículo plantea una reflexión compartida entre actores universitarios y sociales sobre el complejo proceso de construcción, narración y representación de la identidad en las comunidades de Alto Verde y La Boca de la ciudad de Santa Fe. La presencia sostenida de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral —particularmente en el período 2006 a 2019— en conjunto con instituciones públicas, organizaciones sociales y vecinos, permitió construir espacios de diálogo y de contribución a políticas públicas que pusieron en visibilidad y en valor el patrimonio social y natural de esa comunidad.En este trayecto viene cumpliendo un rol clave la Red Interinstitucional y Social de Alto Verde, como mecanismo de articulación entre instituciones académicas, organizaciones sociales, vecinos y políticas públicas. En este espacio, la universidad participa como un actor más, generando sinergia entre las capacidades académicas e institucionales y los procesos sociales locales.A partir de la lectura reflexiva de distintos momentos de este recorrido, se propone compartir la diversidad de aportes para la abordar la problemática de la identidad de los actores involucrados, los objetivos y las metodologías utilizadas, así como los aprendizajes y desafíos de esta trama colectiva con el territorio y para la gestión de la extensión universitaria.
La violencia policial en lo cotidiano. Exploraciones criminológicas sobre jóvenes y fuerzas de seguridad en la ciudad de Santa Fe
Authors: Ghiberto Luciana , Puyol María Victoria
Published: December 2019

En el presente artículo nos proponemos presentar un Proyecto de Extensión de Interés Social de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral construido sobre un fuerte marco teórico que nos permitió reflexionar sobre una problemática social importante: la violencia policial. El proyecto centró la mirada en la relación entre jóvenes y fuerzas de seguridad, trabajó con más de 100 jóvenes de sectores de la ciudad de Santa Fe con altos índices de vulnerabilidad social y conjugó una iniciativa comprometida con la docencia y la investigación. Nos posibilitó, asimismo, reflexionar sobre las pautas culturales que portan estos grupos sociales y analizar cómo estas se ponen en tensión cuando interactúan en los distintos escenarios urbanos. En las vinculaciones entre jóvenes y policías se disputan sentidos y jerarquías sociales, se construyen subjetividades, se consolidan antagonismos identitarios e incluso se habilitan espacios para negociar los términos de una convivencia cotidiana en tensa calma.
Extensión en Colabor: producción de prácticas autogestionadas de formación para la gestión colectiva del trabajo
Authors: Carenzo Sebastián , Fernández Álvarez María Inés , Castronovo Alioscia , Gigliarelli Elisa
Published: December 2019

Este artículo comparte los resultados de un proyecto de extensión universitaria cuyo principal objetivo consistió en desarrollar contenidos y metodologías destinados a fortalecer prácticas autogestionadas de formación para la gestión colectiva del trabajo a partir de una dinámica colaborativa entre trabajadoras/es de universidades y cooperativas. La reflexión que proponemos se focaliza en la productividad cultural de estas iniciativas para disputar prácticas y sentidos en torno a los procesos de formación y capacitación para el trabajo implementados en estas experiencias. El proyecto se materializó en la elaboración de la Plataforma Co–labor, una interfase en línea de acceso abierto, libre e irrestricto, a contenidos y propuestas pedagógicas elaborados sobre la base de la sistematización de los aprendizajes generados desde y para estas experiencias de gestión colectiva del trabajo Así, a través de la reflexión sobre esta iniciativa buscamos deliberadamente abordar la cuestión formativa en espacios laborales recuperados y/o conquistados mediante luchas populares, siempre tensionados por dinámicas de desterritorialización–reterritorialización de sus prácticas económicas, sociales y culturales. En esta tensión situamos la reflexión sobre los aprendizajes derivados del trabajo del equipo con las cooperativas 19 de Diciembre y Textiles Pigué en torno a los aportes de la experiencia colaborativa para repensar modalidades de extensión universitaria.
Reseña / Universidad y territorio: A 10 años del Programa Integral Metropolitano y 100 años de la Reforma de Córdoba
Authors: Wursten Andrés Gabriel
Published: December 2019

El centenario de la Reforma del 18 configura sin duda un momento clave para pensar y repensar la universidad latinoamericana. Testigo de esto son las diferentes reuniones, eventos y publicaciones académicas que hicieron gesta de esta conmemoración impulsando una serie de reflexiones sobre el devenir de las instituciones. Entre las principales problemáticas que se debaten se encuentra las cuestiones ligadas a la extensión, y la relación universidad y territorio trabajadas entre otras en: la Conferencia Regional de Educación Superior (Córdoba, 2018), la declaración de la Unión Latinoamericana de Extensión Universitaria (2018) y las ediciones 2018 de la Revista +E. El movimiento reformista dotó a la universidad de un compromiso con la realidad política y social de los países latinoamericanos, tal tarea fue tomada principalmente por la extensión haciéndose cargo de tejer los vínculos entre la academia y la comunidad.
KERUSAKAN LAHAN AKIBAT KEGIATAN PENAMBANGAN EMAS TANPA IZIN DISEKITAR SUNGAI SINGINGI KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI
Authors: Mailendra Mailendra , Buchori Imam
Published: December 2019

Indonesia is one of the countries that has the potential of natural resources other than agriculture, namely mining, especially gold. Gold mining without permits is one of the mining activities which results in a decrease in the quality of the surrounding environment, especially land. The purpose of this study was to look at the land damage that occurred as a result of unlicensed gold mining activities around the Singingi River in the massive Kuantan Singingi Regency in the past two decades. The method used in the analysis is the scoring and overlay method, the data used are Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI which are processed using the supervised cllasification method and digitized on screen. Furthermore, as comparative data, surveys and interviews are carried out and utilizing high resolution image data from SPOT images and google earth. The results of this study were found that there was a change in land use from other land uses into unlicensed gold mining land covering an area of 2,680.03 Ha from 2006 to 2018. Then a land damage map with three parameters was produced, namely vegetation density, mine life and type of tailings . Land with a high level of damage covering 699.34 ha, moderate damage 1,501.04 and low damage 479.65. The largest area of land damage occurs in Sungai Paku Village and the smallest village is Pulau Padang.
PENENTUAN KAWASAN SAWAH BERKELANJUTAN
Authors: Nafi Ahmad Yazidun , Basuki Yudi
Published: December 2019

Alih fungsi lahan pertanian ke non pertanian menjadi permasalahan di kawasan pinggiran perkotaan. Alih fungsi lahan ini disebabkan land rent lahan pertanian tidak menguntungkan dibandingkan jika dibandingkan dengan lahan komersil. Jika kondisi ini terus berlanjut maka akan mengancam ketahanan pangan suatu wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan penentuan kawasan sawah berkelanjutan berdasarkan analisis spasial dan teknik penginderaan jauh. Analisis yang digunakan meliputi analisis interpretasi citra, Geography Information System (GIS), analisis statistik, dan analisis prediksi ketersediaan lahan sawah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Semarang dengan perkembangan perkotaan yang cepat. Variabel dalam menyusun model kawasan sawah berkelanjutan ini terdiri dari variabel produktivitas padi, kesesuaian lahan pertanian, intensitas panen, dan serta proyeksi arah perkembangan perkotaan. Hasil analisis produktivitas tanaman menghasilkan persamaan statistik produktiivtas (Ton/Ha) = 3,795 (NDVI) + 3,773 dan nilai koefisiennya sebesar 0,85. Terdapat selisih antara data dinas dengan data peneliti sebesar 10% dari luas lahan pertanian eksisiting. Selisish luas ini dikarenakan perbedaan skala peta, proses analisis, dan metode yang digunakan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa lahan sawah berkelanjutan ketersediannya mulai berkurang. Sehingga perlu adanya ketegasan pemerintah daerah dalam menjaga ketersedian lahan sawah.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM KAWASAN RUMAH PANGAN LESTARI DI KOTA SEMARANG: POTENSI EKONOMI YANG PERLU DITUMBUHKAN
Authors: Kusumaningsih Erma , Tyas Wido Prananing
Published: December 2019

This study is intended to determine the extent of the implementation of the KRPL program in Semarang city, with a focus on analyzing the characteristics of its implementation and analyzing the program's contribution to the economies of beneficiary families. This study uses a mixed method that elaborates quantitative and qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis was carried out through a survey method by distributing questionnaires to all members of the household beneficiaries in 2018, totaling 120 people. Qualitative analysis was used to strengthen quantitative analysis, through in-depth interviews with Semarang Food Security Department officials and companion group of beneficiaries. The results showed that the characteristics of the KRPL program beneficiaries were mostly productive age housewives with primary and secondary education. The implementation of the KRPL program has the potential to grow economic benefits. Even though at present, the KRPL program is limited to self-consumption and contributes to reducing domestic expenditure on food, but if taken seriously and sustainably on a broader scale, this program can be an alternative to improve welfare and reduce urban poverty
LESZEK SZKUTNIK Ćwiczenia konwersacyjne do nauki języka angielskiego (Warszawa 1961) Kluby MPiK „Ruch” , 16, pp. 331.
Authors: Bzdęga Andrzej
Published: December 2019

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Andrographolide as a therapeutic agent against breast and ovarian cancers
Authors: Beesetti Swarna Latha , Jayadev Mavuluri , Subhashini Gnana Veera , Mansour Lamjed , Alwasel Saleh , Harrath Abdel Halim
Published: December 2019

Andrographolide (ANDR), isolated from Andrographis paniculata, is a medicinal compound effective against infections, inflammatory disorders, and various cancers. In the present study, the effects of ANDR on NFkB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) activation, caspase-8-mediated apoptosis and pyroptosis, and extra cellular matrix (ECM) degradation were analyzed in A431, MDA-MB231, and SKOV-3 cell lines. Results showed that ANDR inhibited the growth and proliferation of cancer cell lines by inhibiting NFkB signaling. A significant decrease in phospho-p65 level was observed upon increasing ANDR concentration in epidermoid carcinoma and breast cancer cell lines, A431 and MDA-MB231, respectively. Accordingly, upon ANDR treatment, the expression of caspase-8 was increased, whereas no significant induction of caspase-1 expression was observed. Moreover, we observed a significant increase in the expression of tissue inhibitor of metallopeptidase-1 (TIMP1) upon increasing ANDR concentration. Such induction of TIMP1 inhibited the activity of matrix metallopeptidase-7 (MMP-7), thus preventing the degradation of ECM. Therefore, as ANDR shows cytotoxicity towards cancer cells via the NFkB signal transduction pathway without inducing pyroptosis and blocks breast and ovarian cancer invasion by inhibiting MMP-7 expression through TIMP1 up-regulation, it has the potential to be developed as a drug targeting ovarian and breast cancers.
Clinical evaluation of capillary B-type natriuretic peptide testing
Authors: Schreinlechner Michael , Mrakovic Anita , Laschober Gerhard , Mayerl Christina , Griesmacher Andrea , van Lippen Lian , Semjonow Veronique , Nieuwenhuis Jeroen , van Reenen Alexander , Mair Johannes
Published: December 2019

Background

Capillary B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) testing is attractive in outpatient and emergency settings. The aim of this study was to perform an evaluation of the clinical performances of capillary BNP testing as compared with venous whole blood and plasma point-of-care (POC) BNP as well as plasma N-terminal (NT) proBNP central laboratory testing.

Methods

BNP was measured with a novel single epitope POC assay (Minicare® BV, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) and NT-proBNP with a central laboratory assay (Roche Diagnostics®, Vienna, Austria).

Results

BNP and NT-proBNP were measured in 269 patients of a Department of Cardiology (mean age 67.9 ± 13 years, 26.4% females). Capillary BNP very closely correlated with whole blood venous BNP (r = 0.99, p < 0.001). There was also a close correlation of plasma BNP and NT-proBNP concentrations (r = 0.79, p < 0.001). The diagnostic performances of capillary BNP, whole blood venous BNP, plasma BNP and plasma NT-proBNP for acute heart failure (areas under receiver operating characteristic curves [AUC ROC]: 0.73–0.77) or systolic left ventricular dysfunction in the whole study population (AUC ROC: 0.72–0.76) did not differ significantly. All were significant independent predictors of cardiovascular death during follow-up of the whole study population.

Conclusions

Our study for the first time demonstrated a very close correlation of capillary and venous whole blood or plasma BNP concentrations using the same BNP assay in a large patient cohort. The diagnostic performances of different BNP specimens did not differ significantly, and no significant differences between BNP and NT-proBNP were found either.
Use of clinical data and acceleration profiles to validate pneumatic transportation systems
Authors: Gils Charlotte , Broell Franziska , Vinholt Pernille J. , Nielsen Christian , Nybo Mads
Published: December 2019

Background

Modern pneumatic transportation systems (PTSs) are widely used in hospitals for rapid blood sample transportation. The use of PTS may affect sample integrity. Impact on sample integrity in relation to hemolysis and platelet assays was investigated and also, we wish to outline a process-based and outcome-based validation model for this preanalytical component.

Methods

The effect of PTS was evaluated by drawing duplicate blood samples from healthy volunteers, one sent by PTS and the other transported manually to the core laboratory. Markers of hemolysis (potassium, lactate dehydrogenase [LD] and hemolysis index [HI]) and platelet function and activation were assessed. Historic laboratory test results of hemolysis markers measured before and after implementation of PTS were compared. Furthermore, acceleration profiles during PTS and manual transportation were obtained from a mini g logger in a sample tube.

Results

Hand-carried samples experienced a maximum peak acceleration of 5 g, while peaks at almost 15 g were observed for PTS. No differences were detected in results of potassium, LD, platelet function and activation between PTS and manual transport. Using past laboratory data, differences in potassium and LD significantly differed before and after PTS installation for all three lines evaluated. However, these estimated differences were not clinically significant.

Conclusions

In this study, we found no evidence of PTS-induced hemolysis or impact on platelet function or activation assays. Further, we did not find any clinically significant changes indicating an acceleration-dependent impact on blood sample quality. Quality assurance of PTS can be performed by surveilling outcome markers such as HI, potassium and LD.
Researching MediaSpace in a European cross-border region: The meaning of places and the function of borders
Authors: Lamour Christian
Published: December 2019

Mass media can represent and help to recompose European spaces. The aim of the current article is to ascertain whether the journalistic representation of space within a European cross-border region is related to the economy driven functional integration favored by the EU’s new regionalism policies. Based on a content analysis of two interconnected newspapers located in the trans-frontier area centered around the Luxembourg economy, the objective is to explore the spatial arrangements orienting the mediatization of cross-border regionalization. The results show that new regionalism—meaning the definition of a de-bordered and urban regional unit based on economic competitive advantages—is not necessarily the most important geographical set of ideas leading to the production of images in a trans-frontier and European region. Each of the chosen newspapers has developed a cross-border agenda assigning specific values to state borders and places within this regional and functional setting.
How the hindered amines affect the microstructure and mechanical properties of nitrile-butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Song Meng , Wang Xiujuan , Wu Sizhu , Qin Qi , Yu Guomin , Liu Zhongzhu , Pei Haiyan , Zhang Yanli , Jiao Mingli
Published: December 2019

Different hindered amines, GW-622 and GW-944, were added to a nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) matrix to prepare a hybrid damping material. The microstructure, compatibility, and dynamic mechanical properties of the hindered amine/NBR composites were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA). The FTIR results showed that hydrogen bonds formed between the hindered amine molecules and the NBR matrix. The SEM and DSC results showed that both GW-622 and GW-944 had partial compatibility with the NBR matrix, and a two-phase structure appeared. The effective damping temperature ranges of the hindered amine/NBR composites were narrow at room temperature and broad at higher temperatures with increasing amounts of GW-622 and GW-944. Comparatively, the damping effect from the addition of GW-944 molecules was more clearly. The present work provides a theoretical basis for the preparation of optimum damping rubber materials.
Effects of Different Solid Solution Temperatures on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the AA7075 Alloy After T6 Heat Treatment
Authors: Tekeli Süleyman , Simsek Ijlal , Simsek Dogan , Ozyurek Dursun
Published: December 2019

In this study, the effect of solid solution temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of the AA7075 alloy after T6 heat treatment was investigated. Following solid solution at five different temperatures for 2 hours, the AA7075 alloy was quenched and then artificially aged at 120∘C for 24 hours. Hardness measurements, microstructure examinations (SEM+EDS, XRD) and tensile tests were carried out for the alloys. The results showed that the increased solid solution temperature led to formation of precipitates in the microstructures and thus caused higher hardness and tensile strength.
Effect of Ni Reducibility on Anisole Hydrodeoxygenation Activity in the La-Ni/γ-Al2O3 Catalytic System
Authors: Pomeroy Brett , Doxtator Teri , Herrera Jose E. , Pjontek Dominic
Published: December 2019

The effect of lanthanum addition on the activity of a series of Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for anisole hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) was evaluated. Catalyst characterization using hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and UV-visible spectroscopy suggests that lanthanum incorporation results in the formation of larger metallic Ni domains in the catalyst surface, which in turn favour the direct anisole hydrogenation pathway to methoxycyclohexane. Despite the improvements to reducibility that resulted from the incorporation of La, the catalysts displayed lower selectivity towards cyclohexane, independent of total nickel loading. The catalytic activity results were rationalized in terms of a proposed reaction pathway where anisole is initially hydrogenated followed by sequential deoxygenation steps.
Kinetics Investigation of Carbon Dioxide Hydrate Formation Process in a New Impinging Stream Reactor
Authors: Bai Jing , Xie Gengbiao , Li Lingqian , Li Pan , Fang Shuqi , Chang Chun
Published: December 2019

The absorption of carbon dioxide by hydrates is considered as one of the potential methods for carbon capture and storage. In this work, a new impinging stream reactor was designed to investigate the characteristics of carbon dioxide hydrate formation process. The experiments were carried out at different pressure, temperature and impinging strength. It was shown that the carbon dioxide hydrate formation process could be enhanced by the impinging stream technique. With the increased of impinging strength, both gas consumption and hydration rate were increased. In addition, initial pressure and temperature also had an effect on the carbon dioxide hydrate formation process. Moreover, the kinetics of carbon dioxide hydrate formation was discussed. When the initial pressure was 3.5 MPa and impinging strength was 0.21, the activation energy was 24.74 kJ/mol, which was similar to the experimental data available in the literature.
Investigation of Hydrodynamic and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Gas-liquid Taylor flow in Square Microchannel
Authors: Jin Zunlong , Sun Qiqi , Wang Dingbiao , Wang Yongqing
Published: December 2019

Heat transfer and flow characteristics under air-water Taylor flow in a square microchannel with T-junction were investigated in this work. Different hydraulic diameters of models were discussed numerically by VOF method. Flow patterns such as bubbly flow, slug flow, annular flow and churn flow were identified by both numerical simulation and experimental methods. Simulation results including bubble formation process, bubble length, bubble velocity, void fraction and heat transfer fit well with literature data. The pressure differential of two sides in gas phase played an important role in bubble development. The gas and liquid superficial velocities were found to have a significant impact on bubble behavior. And the higher liquid viscosity would promote higher bubble velocity, also enhance heat transfer, but weaken the void fraction. The results showed a tiny but not ignorable effect of geometric dimensioning on bubble and liquid slug lengths. An appropriate correlation was proposed to estimate bubble length, and the deviation was −10 ~ + 15 %. By using moving frame of reference technique, the internal circulations inside the moving slugs were displayed more clearly.