bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty-based inference of a common cause for body ownership
Authors: Chancel Marie , Ehrsson H Henrik , Ma Wei Ji
Published: September 2022

Many studies have investigated the contributions of vision, touch, and proprioception to body ownership, i.e., the multisensory perception of limbs and body parts as our own. However, the computational processes and principles that determine subjectively experienced body ownership remain unclear. To address this issue, we developed a detection-like psychophysics task based on the classic rubber hand illusion paradigm, where participants were asked to report whether the rubber hand felt like their own (the illusion) or not. We manipulated the asynchrony of visual and tactile stimuli delivered to the rubber hand and the hidden real hand under different levels of visual noise. We found that: (1) the probability of the emergence of the rubber hand illusion increased with visual noise and was well predicted by a causal inference model involving the observer computing the probability of the visual and tactile signals coming from a common source; (2) the causal inference model outperformed a non-Bayesian model involving the observer not taking into account sensory uncertainty; (3) by comparing body ownership and visuotactile synchrony detection, we found that the prior probability of inferring a common cause for the two types of multisensory percept was correlated but greater for ownership, which suggests that individual differences in rubber hand illusion can be explained at the computational level as differences in how priors are used in the multisensory integration process. These results imply that the same statistical principles determine the perception of the bodily self and the external world.
Species clustering, climate effects, and introduced species in 5 million city trees across 63 US cities
Authors: McCoy Dakota E , Goulet-Scott Benjamin , Meng Weilin , Atahan Bulent Furkan , Kiros Hana , Nishino Misako , Kartesz John
Published: September 2022

Sustainable cities depend on urban forests. City trees—pillars of urban forests—improve our health, clean the air, store CO2, and cool local temperatures. Comparatively less is known about city tree communities as ecosystems, particularly regarding spatial composition, species diversity, tree health, and the abundance of introduced species. Here, we assembled and standardized a new dataset ofN= 5,660,237 trees from 63 of the largest US cities with detailed information on location, health, species, and whether a species is introduced or naturally occurring (i.e., “native”). We further designed new tools to analyze spatial clustering and the abundance of introduced species. We show that trees significantly cluster by species in 98% of cities, potentially increasing pest vulnerability (even in species-diverse cities). Further, introduced species significantly homogenize tree communities across cities, while naturally occurring trees (i.e., “native” trees) comprise 0.51–87.4% (median = 45.6%) of city tree populations. Introduced species are more common in drier cities, and climate also shapes tree species diversity across urban forests. Parks have greater tree species diversity than urban settings. Compared to past work which focused on canopy cover and species richness, we show the importance of analyzing spatial composition and introduced species in urban ecosystems (and we develop new tools and datasets to do so). Future work could analyze city trees alongside sociodemographic variables or bird, insect, and plant diversity (e.g., from citizen-science initiatives). With these tools, we may evaluate existing city trees in new, nuanced ways and design future plantings to maximize resistance to pests and climate change. We depend on city trees.
Protein evidence of unannotated ORFs in Drosophila reveals diversity in the evolution and properties of young proteins
Authors: Zheng Eric B , Zhao Li
Published: September 2022

De novo gene origination, where a previously nongenic genomic sequence becomes genic through evolution, is increasingly recognized as an important source of novelty. Many de novo genes have been proposed to be protein-coding, and a few have been experimentally shown to yield protein products. However, the systematic study of de novo proteins has been hampered by doubts regarding their translation without the experimental observation of protein products. Using a systematic, mass-spectrometry-first computational approach, we identify 993 unannotated open reading frames with evidence of translation (utORFs) in Drosophila melanogaster. To quantify the similarity of these utORFs across Drosophila and infer phylostratigraphic age, we develop a synteny-based protein similarity approach. Combining these results with reference datasets ontissue- and life stage-specific transcription and conservation, we identify different properties amongst these utORFs. Contrary to expectations, the fastest-evolving utORFs are not the youngest evolutionarily. We observed more utORFs in the brain than in the testis. Most of the identified utORFs may be of de novo origin, even accounting for the possibility of false-negative similarity detection. Finally, sequence divergence after an inferred de novo origin event remains substantial, suggesting that de novo proteins turn over frequently. Our results suggest that there is substantial unappreciated diversity in de novo protein evolution: many more may exist than previously appreciated; there may be divergent evolutionary trajectories, and they may be gained and lost frequently. All in all, there may not exist a single characteristic model of de novo protein evolution, but instead, there may be diverse evolutionary trajectories.
Conduction velocity along a key white matter tract is associated with autobiographical memory recall ability
Authors: Clark Ian A , Mohammadi Siawoosh , Callaghan Martina F , Maguire Eleanor A
Published: September 2022

Conduction velocity is the speed at which electrical signals travel along axons and is a crucial determinant of neural communication. Inferences about conduction velocity can now be made in vivo in humans using a measure called the magnetic resonance (MR) g-ratio. This is the ratio of the inner axon diameter relative to that of the axon plus the myelin sheath that encases it. Here, in the first application to cognition, we found that variations in MR g-ratio, and by inference conduction velocity, of the parahippocampal cingulum bundle were associated with autobiographical memory recall ability in 217 healthy adults. This tract connects the hippocampus with a range of other brain areas. We further observed that the association seemed to be with inner axon diameter rather than myelin content. The extent to which neurites were coherently organised within the parahippocampal cingulum bundle was also linked with autobiographical memory recall ability. Moreover, these findings were specific to autobiographical memory recall and were not apparent for laboratory-based memory tests. Our results offer a new perspective on individual differences in autobiographical memory recall ability, highlighting the possible influence of specific white matter microstructure features on conduction velocity when recalling detailed memories of real-life past experiences.
The Role of Aerobic Capacity and Strength Levels on Wingate Performance and Lactate Concentrations
Authors: Al-Nawaiseh Ali M. , F. Bataineh Mo’ath , Kilani Hashem A. , Bellar David M. , Huffman Olivia R. , Judge Lawrence W.
Published: September 2022

Background: Blood lactate (La-) is commonly assessed in tests of sport performance. Sports that utilize intermittent high intensity effort, monitoring of La- from previous exercise can be useful to document intensity of effort. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role La- played during successive Wingate (Win) tests and subsequent anaerobic exercise performance. Method: Well-trained, national team athletes from Jordan (n = 31) volunteered to participate. A quasi-experimental design was utilized to test Win performance and La- concentration. All participants engage in two Win tests with one minute rest between sets. La- was collected at four time points (prior to Win test 1, immediately after Win 1, after Win 2 and after a 10 minute recovery period). Results: Findings from a multiple linear regression model (p = 0.032) showed increased levels of La- accumulation as a predictor to higher power and strength (p = 0.046). Conversely, peak aerobic capacity was a predictor for decreasing La- accumulation over time (p = 0.039), which may suggest faster recovery. Conclusion: Anaerobic athletes who participate in short, high intense bouts of exercise may require high intensity training programs to increase aerobic fitness, power output, and optimal performance. Practical applications include optimizing training programs to reflect competition.
Imágenes
Authors: Moreno Fernando
Published: September 2022

Selección de imágenes a cargo de Fernando Moreno para el Dosier Carlos Droguett
PENSAMENTO KUSCHIANO E APORTES INTERCULTURAIS GUARANI PARA A EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Gustsack Felipe , Menezes Ana Luisa Teixeira de , Souza Fátima Rosane Silveira
Published: September 2022

Refletimos, no presente estudo, acerca do pensamento de Rodolfo Kusch e outros aportes dos conhecimentos ameríndios para pensar a educação e aprendizagens interculturais com os Guarani. O objetivo é apresentar e compreender modos de viver dos Guarani, aprofundando diálogos interculturais e experiências de linguagem e educação entre professores, estudantes não indígenas e educadores Guarani. A metodologia adotada é qualitativa e segue passos da pesquisa participante, conforme Brandão (1984; 1987). As conclusões mostram princípios de uma educação seminal operados pela espiritualidade, respeito e vivência como estratégias educativas dos Guarani. Trata-se de educação inter(geo)cultural que considera aldeias e cultura guarani como espaços de formação que ultrapassam os modos rituais da educação tradicional das escolas e universidades.
USO DE MÚLTIPLOS MEIOS SEMIÓTICOS EM UMA SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA INVESTIGATIVA PARA O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA PIBIDIANA
Authors: Pereira Lethycia Lopes , Freitas Cláudia Avellar , Augusto Raphaela De Paula
Published: September 2022

Este trabalho relata a aplicação de uma sequência didática investigativa sobre hábitos saudáveis de vida para uma turma do quinto ano do Ensino Fundamental, desenvolvida no Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID). As atividades levaram à produção de diferentes textos, dentre eles uma história em quadrinhos. Analisamos as produções buscando compreender de que forma múltiplos meios semióticos podem qualificar a escrita e promover a alfabetização científica das crianças, o que nos permitiu compreender como foi a aprendizagem dos conteúdos conceituais, procedimentais e atitudinais. Percebemos a influência do desenho no incentivo à escrita, contribuindo para a sistematização do conhecimento aprendido. Além disso, refletimos sobre a importância do programa na construção dos saberes docentes.
ANÁLISE DO DISCURSO E (N)ETNOGRAFIA: REVISANDO A LITERATURA DO CAMPO EDUCACIONAL
Authors: De Vargas Jackson Luís Santos , Carboni Davi , Ferraro José Luís
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão de literatura sobre metodologias utilizadas nas pesquisas em Educação sob um enfoque pós-crítico, considerando a Etnografia, a Netnografia e a Análise de Discurso. Os repositórios utilizados foram a BDTD e o Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. Durante as buscas não foram encontrados estudos que articulassem esses termos, no interior do campo educacional. Nas dissertações de Mestrado e teses de Doutorado, apenas um trabalho articula a Etnografia, a Netnografia e a Análise de Discurso. Os resultados dessa investigação demonstraram a existência de uma lacuna materializada por uma exígua produção acadêmica sobre metodologias associadas à pesquisa pós-crítica, bem como por um déficit relacionado às investigações que problematizam, de forma conjunta, tais ferramentas de análise na pesquisa em Educação. Palavras-chave: Etnografia; Netnografia; Análise do discurso.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A CONSTRUÇÃO CINEMATOGRÁFICA DA REPRESENTAÇÃO DOCENTE NA ÚLTIMA DÉCADA
Authors: Silva Raphael Alves da , Cavalcante Tícia Cassiany Ferro
Published: September 2022

Este artigo apresenta um olhar à luz da Teoria das Representações Sociais, sobre a representação docente em dois filmes lançados na última década. A pesquisa busca, a partir da análise das obras supracitadas, compreender quais os estereótipos que essas representações, mais atuais, carregam e se elas refletem um estado de permanência ou uma mudança de olhar sobre a docência. Com base na análise das obras cinematográficas à luz da Teoria das Representações Sociais, foi possível perceber visões ainda presentes concepções presentes no senso comum acerca do professor. No primeiro filme, a partir de uma visão ainda cristalizada do professor enquanto meritocracia. Já o segundo filme, aborda a concepção do professor a partir de imagens distintas, trazendo a imagem de uma professora como inadequada para o ambiente educacional.
CONSERVADORISMO E RELIGIÃO EM PROJETOS DE LEI: POSSÍVEIS IMPACTOS NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS E DE BIOLOGIA
Authors: Bobato Vanessa Maria , Flach Simone De Fátima
Published: September 2022

A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, o presente texto tem por objetivo apresentar análise das possíveis influências conservadoras ou religiosas na oferta educacional, especialmente no ensino de Ciências e Biologia, causadas por proposições legislativas em curso. Para a análise foram selecionados Projetos de Lei que tramitaram ou tramitam na Câmara dos Deputados desde a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988 até o ano de 2020. O período das proposições se justifica em razão da abertura democrática pós-período ditatorial e a retomada conservadora ocorrida na política brasileira, especialmente após as eleições de 2018. As análises indicam que tais Projetos de Lei corroboram com pautas que negam a importância da ciência e se forem aprovados poderão interferir na oferta educacional e impactar na organização curricular, pedagógica e na formação de professores e estudantes.
Firearm Violence in the US
Authors: Walter Kristin
Published: September 2022

This JAMA Patient Page discusses the types of firearm injury and describes firearm violence statistics in the US.
Graphene‐Based Magnetocaloric Composites for Energy Conversion
Authors: Coppi Chiara , Cugini Francesco , Magnani Giacomo , Milanese Chiara , Nasi Lucia , Lazzarini Laura , Pontiroli Daniele , Riccò Mauro , Solzi Massimo
Published: September 2022

Herein, a simple, versatile, and cost‐effective method to fabricate innovative thermal conductive magnetocaloric (MC) composites, which offers a smart solution to manufacture active elements with desired geometries, overcoming the current thermal and mechanical limits of the most studied MC materials, is presented. The composite is prepared by embedding powder of a MC material in an epoxy matrix enriched with a graphene‐based material, obtained by thermal exfoliation of graphite oxide. The graphene‐enriched composite shows a significant improvement of the MC time response to the magnetic field, due to the formation of a 3D network that bridges the MC particles and reduces the metal–matrix contact resistance, thus creating a percolation path for an efficient heat transfer. Because of the simplicity and scalability of the preparation method and the great enhancement in response time, these new functional composites represent an important step for the effective application of MC materials in thermomagnetic devices for the energy conversion.
Self‐Assembled Corrole/Chitosan Photothermal Nanoparticles for Accelerating Infected Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Yu Yunhao , Tian Rui , Zhao Yu , Qin Xudong , Hu Liefeng , Zou Jun‐Jie , Yang Ying‐Wei , Tian Jian
Published: September 2022

Microvascular dysfunction caused by hyperglycemia leads to slow healing of diabetic wounds and significantly increases the risk of bacterial infection. The misuse of antibiotics can also lead to bacterial resistance, making the management of diabetic wounds more challenging. Thus, developing new antibacterial agents or strategies to overcome antibiotic resistance is highly pursued. Herein, novel supramolecular photothermal nanoparticles (MCC/CS NPs), assembled from mono‐carboxyl corrole (MCC) and chitosan via hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking, are developed and used for treating bacterial wound infection. The MCC molecules possess good photothermal performance and the chitosan with inherent bioactivity can exert moderate antibacterial effects. The aggregation of MCC in MCC/CS NPs induced by chitosan‐templated self‐assembly further quenches molecular fluorescence and realizes an extraordinary photothermal conversion efficiency of 66.4%. Moreover, the highly positively charged MCC/CS NPs can selectively target bacteria via electrostatic interactions. Under near‐infrared laser irradiation, the MCC/CS NPs achieve potent photothermal and inherent antimicrobial synergistic effects against Escherichia coli and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro. Furthermore, the bacteria‐infected diabetic wound model confirms that the MCC/CS NPs can effectively kill drug‐resistant bacteria, accelerate wound healing and angiogenesis, and show good biocompatibility, representing a novel and efficient photothermal antibacterial nanoplatform.
3D‐Printed Radiopaque Bioresorbable Stents to Improve Device Visualization
Authors: Ding Yonghui , Fu Rao , Collins Caralyn Paige , Yoda Sarah‐Fatime , Sun Cheng , Ameer Guillermo A.
Published: September 2022

Bioresorbable stents (BRS) hold great promise for the treatment of many life‐threatening luminal diseases. Tracking and monitoring of stents in vivo is critical for avoiding their malposition and inadequate expansion, which often leads to complications and stent failure. However, obtaining high X‐ray visibility of polymeric BRS has been challenging because of their intrinsic radiolucency. This study demonstrates the use of photopolymerization‐based 3D printing technique to fabricate radiopaque BRS by incorporating iodixanol, a clinical contrast agent, into a bioresorbable citrate‐based polymer ink. The successful volumetric dispersion of the iodixanol through the 3D‐printing process confers strong X‐ray visibility of the produced BRS. Following in vitro degradation, the 3D‐printed BRS embedded in chicken muscle maintains high X‐ray visibility for at least 4 weeks. Importantly, the 3D‐printed radiopaque BRS demonstrates good cytocompatibility and strong mechanical competence in crimping and expansion, which is essential for minimally invasive stent deployment. In addition, it is found that higher loading concentrations of iodixanol, e.g. 10 wt.%, results in more strut fractures in stent crimping and expansion. To conclude, this study introduces a facile strategy to fabricate radiopaque BRS through the incorporation of iodixanol in the 3D printing process, which could potentially increase the clinical success of BRS.
An Artificial Interphase Engineering Simultaneously Suppressing Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Controlling Zinc Dendrite Growth to Achieve Stable Zinc Metal Anodes
Authors: Liang Kang , Huang Shiping , Zhao Hongshun , Liu Wenjun , Huang Xiaobing , Chen Wenkai , Ren Yurong , Ma Jianmin
Published: September 2022

Zinc metal anode, the most promising candidate material for rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries, has attracted considerable attention due to its abundant resources and low cost. However, hydrogen evolution reaction and uncontrollable zinc dendrite growth on zinc metal anode are the essential issues that strictly limit their practical application. Here, a modified Zn with a titanium nitride (TiN) protective layer (TiN@Zn) using a simple solvent casting approach is developed, which can simultaneously suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction and control the zinc dendrite growth when acting like a protective layer on the Zn anode. In situ  differential electrochemical mass spectrometry approach shows that the TiN coating layer can effectively suppress the hydrogen evolution. Additionally, the TiN can offer large Zn nucleation sites, narrowing the Zn nucleation energy barrier, leading to a uniform Zn deposition. Thus, in symmetric cells, the TiN@Zn electrode presents a stable Zn plating/striping (600 h at 1 mA cm−2) and lower potential hysteresis (38 mV), resulting in an improved electrochemical performance for TiN@Zn||MnO2 full cell.
Ru/In Dual‐Single Atoms Modulated Charge Separation for Significantly Accelerated Photocatalytic H2 Evolution in Pure Water
Authors: Peng Huiping , Yang Tang , Lin Haiping , Xu Yong , Wang Zihan , Zhang Qinghua , Liu Shangheng , Geng Hongbo , Gu Lin , Wang Cheng , Fan Xing , Chen Wenxing , Huang Xiaoqing
Published: September 2022

Photocatalytic hydrogen production is a prospective technology to solve the energy crisis and environmental problems. However, it is still challenging to produce hydrogen from photocatalytic water splitting on a large scale without a sacrificial agent and cocatalyst. Here, it is demonstrated that the dual doping of Ru/In single atoms on TiO2 (Ru‐In SA/TiO2) can modulate the separation of photogenerated carriers during the photocatalytic splitting of pure water. Impressively, the H2 evolution rate of Ru‐In SA/TiO2 reaches 174.1 µmol h−1, which is 6, 18, and 53 times higher than those of the Ru single‐atom decorated TiO2, In single‐atom decorated TiO2, and pristine TiO2, respectively. More importantly, Ru‐In SA/TiO2 outperforms most of the reported photocatalysts for photocatalytic water splitting in the absence of a sacrificial agent. Detailed investigations reveal that the decoration of Ru/In dual‐single atoms leads to the remarkable increase of Ti3+ and enrichment of oxygen vacancies, which accelerate the charge separation. In particular, the femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy suggests that the doping of Ru single atom promotes the transfer of photogenerated electrons from TiO2 into Ru, while the doping of In single atom enhances the transfer of photogenerated holes from the TiO2 valence band to In single atoms, as a result of an efficient electron‐hole separation. This work not only provides an efficient photocatalyst for H2 production through pure water splitting in the absence of a sacrificial agent, but also promotes fundamental research on catalyst design and modification.
Synthesis and characterization of hard copolymer polyurethane/functionalized graphene nanocomposites: Investigation of morphology, thermal stability, and rheological properties
Authors: Albozahid Muayad , Naji Haneen Zuhair , Alobad Zoalfokkar Kareem , Wychowaniec Jacek K. , Saiani Alberto
Published: September 2022

Improving the performance of polyurethane is a crucial endeavor due to its versatile properties that make it suitable for various uses, especially as a matrix in the field of composite materials. The current work investigates the influence of the addition of two types of graphene derivatives, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), to hard copolymer polyurethane (HCPU). HCPUs as nanocomposites were synthesized using melt‐mixing approaches with different weight ratios of nanofiller additives. The transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy displayed the morphology through the incorporation of nanofillers within the HCPU structure. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) testing showed an increase in the thermal stability of HCPU with the addition of GO and rGO. Herein, the overall HCPU crystallinity/microphase separation decreased after the addition of GO and rGO compared to unfilled HCPU samples. The thermal stability test showed significant enhancement with increasing GO and rGO incorporated weight ratio due to the barrier and tortuous path effects of nanofillers. A clear increase in thermal and electrical conductivity is found, in particular at greater content of addition (5 wt%) of rGO in comparison with neat HCPU. The rheological behavior showed that the storage modulus of HCPU nanocomposites increased from that of pure HCPU, proving the formation of a filler‐polymer network interaction within the HCPU chain structure. Dispersion and physical and/or chemical interaction of the GO and rGO within polyurethane chains plays a major role in enhancing the morphology and thermal and rheological properties, and thus represents a significant improvement for the final properties of HCPU nanocomposites.
Characterization of polyamide thin film composite membranes incorporated silver nanoparticles
Authors: Ngo Thu Hong Anh , Pham Hien Thanh , Nguyen Vuong Duy , Duong Quan Xuan , Le Phuong Duy Tu , Do Nguyen Hanh , Dao Duc Sy
Published: September 2022

In this study, the polyamide thin film composite membrane surface has been modified by anti‐microbial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The membrane surfaces were interwoven with AgNPs by ultraviolet grafting polymerization method using AgNPs with or without poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The membrane surface characteristics were determined by scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive x‐ray spectrometry images, attenuated total reflection–Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle values, and anti‐bacterial property. The separation performance was determined based on the flux and the ability to remove calcium ions in water. The anti‐biofouling property was appraised through the maintained flux ratios and the irreversible fouling factors of unmodified and modified membranes during 10 h‐filtration of protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) in an aqueous solution, in which, before filtration of BSA, all membranes were immersed in E. coli bacteria solution for 4 days. The results of the experiments corroborated the hydrophilicity and more anti‐microbial property of the membrane surfaces after being incorporated into AgNPs. The water contact angle decreased from around 49° for the unmodified membrane to 36° and 23° for the AgNP‐modified membranes without/with PEG, while no colonies appeared in the medium containing the AgNP‐modified membranes. The separation property of modified membranes was improved, with both membrane flux and antifouling properties, along with the substantial surge of the anti‐biofouling property. After 10 h of BSA filtration, the fluxes of the modified membranes were maintained at 68% and 78% for AgNP‐modified membranes without and with PEG, respectively. Conversely, this value was only 46% for the unmodified one.
Effect of the surroundings on the photophysical properties of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots embedded in SiOx matrices
Authors: Lee Soo Jeong , Lee You Jeong , Seo Sumi , Jo Hyeonyeong , Han Donghoon , Yoon Seog Joon
Published: September 2022

Organometallic lead halide perovskites have been studied extensively owing to their excellent photophysical properties and have been successfully applied to solar‐driven chemistry and optoelectronic devices. Dimensionally confined perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have demonstrated outstanding photoluminescence quantum yields, detailed band gap tunability, wide color gamut, and favorable radiative recombination processes. These characteristics expand the versatility of PQDs. Various efforts have been made to increase their stability. The introduction of a core–shell structure increased the stability of PQDs, and they were successfully applied to light‐emitting diodes. Recently, our group demonstrated the potential of PQDs to promote photocatalytic degradation of carcinogens. However, further studies on the detailed interactions between PQDs and their surroundings are necessary to utilize them in practice. This study investigated the impact of surrounding solvents on the material/photophysical properties of PQDs and statistically observed the photoinduced charge transfer from PQDs to transparent conducting oxides. The findings of this study could be used to advance solar‐driven chemistry and optoelectronic devices and to promote the utilization of PQDs in renewable energy applications.
Asciminib vs bosutinib in CML patients pretreated with ≥2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Results from the Japanese subgroup analysis of ASCEMBL study
Authors: Yuda Junichiro , Doki Noriko , Matsuoka Hiroshi , Yokota Takafumi , Tomita Akihiro , Takahashi Naoto , Matsumura Itaru , Kubo Kohmei , Goto Tatsunori , Kirito Keita , Maki Akio , Aoki Makoto , Allepuz Alex , Minami Yosuke
Published: September 2022

Asciminib, a first‐in‐class, allosteric inhibitor of BCR‐ABL1 that acts by STAMP (Specifically Targeting the ABL Myristoyl Pocket), is a novel therapeutic option for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In the global, phase 3, open‐label ASCEMBL study in patients with CML in chronic phase (CML‐CP) pretreated with ≥2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (NCT03106779), asciminib (40 mg twice‐daily) demonstrated significant superiority over the ATP‐competitive TKI bosutinib (500 mg once daily) for the primary endpoint of major molecular response (MMR; BCR::ABL1 transcript levels on the international scale [BCR::ABL1IS] ≤0.1%) at week 24. Here, we report results from a descriptive subgroup analysis of Japanese patients enrolled in ASCEMBL study (data cut‐off: May 25, 2020). Overall, 16 Japanese patients were randomized (asciminib, n = 13; bosutinib, n = 3). At week 24, the MMR rate with asciminib was 30.8% (4/13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.09–61.43). BCR::ABL1IS ≤1% and complete cytogenic response (CCyR) at week 24 were 61.5% (8/13 patients) and 50.0% (4/8 patients), respectively. In the bosutinib group, no patient achieved MMR, CCyR, or BCR::ABL1IS ≤1%, but results were limited by the low number of patients. The safety profile of asciminib was comparable to that previously observed in the overall study population. Findings from this Japanese subgroup analysis of the ASCEMBL study support the use of asciminib for the treatment of Japanese patients with CML‐CP previously treated with ≥2 TKIs. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03106779.
Recent Advances in Strategies for Imaging Detection and Intervention of Cellular Senescence
Authors: Li Jili , Bi Zhengyan , Wang Linlin , Xia Yinghao , Xie Yuqi , Liu Yanlan
Published: September 2022

Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest state that can be triggered by a wide range of intrinsic or extrinsic stresses. Increased burden of senescent cells in various tissues is thought to contribute to aging and age‐related diseases. Thus, the detection and interventions of senescent cells are critical for longevity and treatment of disease. However, the highly heterogeneous feature of senescence makes it challenging for precise detection and selective clearance of senescent cells in different age‐related diseases. To address this issue, considerable efforts have been devoted to developing senescence‐targeting molecular theranostic strategies, based on the potential biomarkers of cellular senescence. Herein, we review recent advances in the field of anti‐senescence research and highlight the specific visualization and elimination of senescent cells. Additionally, the challenges in this emerging field are outlined.
Chemoselective Labeling and Immobilization of Phosphopeptides with Phosphorimidazolide Reagents
Authors: Brown Nathaniel W. , Schlomach Sandra K. , Marmelstein Alan M. , Fiedler Dorothea
Published: September 2022

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most ubiquitous post‐translational modifications, regulating numerous essential processes in cells. Accordingly, the large‐scale annotation of phosphorylation sites continues to provide central insight into the regulation of signaling networks. The global analysis of the phosphoproteome typically relies on mass spectrometry analysis of phosphopeptides, with an enrichment step necessary due to the sub‐stoichiometric nature of phosphorylation. Several affinity‐based methods and chemical modification strategies have been developed to date, but the choice of enrichment method can have a considerable impact on the results. Here, we show that a biotinylated, photo‐cleavable phosphorimidazolide reagent permits the immobilization and subsequent cleavage of phosphopeptides. The method is capable of the capture and release of phosphopeptides of varying characteristics, and this mild and selective strategy expands the current repertoire for phosphopeptide chemical modification with the potential to enrich and identify new phosphorylation sites in the future.
Rapid Access to Chiral and Tripodal Cavitands from β‐Pinene
Authors: Wang Xiuze , Pavlović Radoslav Z. , Finnegan Tyler J. , Karmakar Pratik , Moore Curtis E. , Badjić Jovica D.
Published: September 2022

We report Pd‐catalyzed cyclotrimerization of (+)‐α‐bromoenone, obtained from monoterpene β‐pinene, into an enantiopure cyclotrimer. This C3 symmetric compound has three bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane rings fused to its central benzene with each ring carrying a carbonyl group. The cyclotrimer undergoes diastereoselective threefold alkynylation with the lithium salts of five terminal alkynes (41–63 %, de=4–83 %). The addition enabled a rapid synthesis of a small library of novel chiral cavitands that, in shape, resemble a tripod stand. These molecular tripods include a tris‐bicycloannelated benzene head attached to three alkyne legs twisted in one direction to form a nonpolar cavity with polar groups as feet. Tripods with methylpyridinium and methylisoquinolinium legs, respectively, form inclusion complexes with anti‐inflammatory and chiral drugs (R)/(S)‐ibuprofen and (R)/(S)‐naproxen. The mode of binding shows drug molecules docked in the cavity of the host through ion‐ion, cation‐π, and C−H−π contacts that, in addition of desolvation, give rise to complexes having millimolar to micromolar stability in water. Our findings open the door to creating a myriad of enantiopure tripods with tunable functions that, in the future, might give novel chemosensors, catalysts or sequestering agents.
Molecular Engineering of Push‐Pull Diphenylsulfone Derivatives towards Aggregation‐Induced Narrowband Deep Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Emitters
Authors: Xia Yan , Li Jie , Chen Xu , Li Anran , Guo Kunpeng , Chen Fei , Zhao Bo , Chen Zhikuan , Wang Hua
Published: September 2022

Narrowband deep blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials have attracted significant attention. Herein, four asymmetrical structured TADF emitters based on diphenylsulfone (DPS) acceptor and 9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine (DMAC) donor with progressive performances were developed. The tert‐butyloxy auxiliary electron‐donor was adopted to restrict the intramolecular rotations and provide efficient steric hindrance. Regioisomerization by altering the substitution position of DMAC on DPS unit further enhanced the intra‐ and inter‐molecular interactions. The accompanying effects yielded increased energy level, minimized reorganization energy, and inhibited non‐radiative transitions in the crystals of tBuO‐SOmAD, which achieved narrowband deep‐blue emission peaking at 424 nm (FWHM=64 nm, ΦF=33.6 %) through aggregation‐induced, blue‐shifted emission (AIBSE). In addition, deep‐blue organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on tBuO‐SOmAD realized the electroluminescence (EL) spectrum peaking located at 435 nm and CIE coordination of (0.12, 0.09).
Analysis of QoS aware energy‐efficient resource provisioning techniques in cloud computing
Authors: Malla Parvaz Ahmad , Sheikh Sophiya
Published: September 2022

By incorporating on‐demand resources, software and data for collaborative services through the Internet, the conventional Information Technology enterprise has been transformed by cloud computing. Based on the pay‐per‐use approach, Infrastructure, platform or Software resources and servers located across data centres are among the several types of resources offered to consumers in cloud computing. Data centres handle these resources. These resources are constantly provisioned to users based on their availability, demand, and quality requirements. Cloud computing systems are known as one of the largest utilisers of energy resources all over the world. Also, power consumption has become a crucial aspect as most cloud computing systems work on traditional nonrenewable resources of energy. In order to make data centres environment‐friendly, there is a need for optimal approaches to reduce energy consumption and their hazardous effects on the environment. To analyse different available strategies for building and maintaining an energy‐efficient cloud is the main objective of this paper. The paper will comprehensively review several energy‐efficient resource provisioning methods and provide a graphical comparative study of Quality of Service (QoS) Metrics in cloud computing. Moreover, the present study identifies the areas of study that need to be further improved to increase the energy efficiency of cloud computing systems.
Ion Dynamics in Concentrated Electrolyte Solutions: Relating Equilibrium Fluctuations of the Ions to Transport Properties in Battery Cells
Authors: Roling Bernhard , Miß Vanessa , Kettner Janosch
Published: September 2022

In recent years, the interest in the development of highly concentrated electrolyte solutions for battery applications has increased enormously. Such electrolyte solutions are typically characterized by a low flammability, a high thermal and electrochemical stability and by the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in contact to electrode materials. However, the classification of concentrated electrolyte solutions in terms of the classical scheme “strong” or “weak” has been controversially discussed in the literature. In this paper, a comprehensive theoretical framework is presented for a more general classification, which is based on a comparison of charge transport and mass transport. By combining the Onsager transport formalism with linear response theory, center‐of‐mass fluctuations and collective translational dipole fluctuations of the ions in equilibrium are related to transport properties in a lithium‐ion battery cell, namely mass transport, charge transport and Li+ transport under anion‐blocking conditions. The relevance of the classification approach is substantiated by showing that i) it is straightforward to classify highly concentrated electrolytes and that ii) both fast charge transport and fast mass transport are indispensable for achieving fast Li+ transport under anion‐blocking conditions.
Synergetic Contributions from the Components of Flexible 3D Structured C/Ag/ZnO/CC Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xiao Huang , Li Shuangpeng , Zhou Jiaying , Zhao Chenyu , Yuan Yi , Xia Xiaohong , Bao Yuwen , Lourenço Manon , Homewood Kevin , Gao Yun
Published: September 2022

Low electronic conductivity and large volume changes during the (de)lithiation process are the two main challenges for ZnO anode materials used for lithium‐ion batteries (LIB). Here, a free‐standing, flexible, and binder‐free LIB electrode composed of ZnO nanorods and carbon cloth (CC) is fabricated. This is then decorated with Ag nanoparticles and finally coated by an amorphous carbon layer to form the hybrid electrode: (C@(Ag&ZnO)). The voids among the nanorods are sufficient to accommodate the volume expansion of the ZnO while the flexible CC, which acts as the current collector, relieves the volume change‐induced stress. The Ag nanoparticles are effective in improving the conductivity. This composite electrode shows excellent LIB performance with a stable long cycling life over 500 cycles with a reversible capacity of 1093 mAh g−1 at a current density of 200 mA g−1. It also shows good rate performance with reversible capacity of 517 mAh g−1 under a high‐current density of 5000 mA g−1. In situ Raman spectroscopy is conducted to investigate the contributions of the amorphous carbon layer to the capacity of the whole electrode and the synergy between the CC and ZnO nanorods.
Petrogenetic studies of Permian pegmatites in the Chinese Altay: Implications for a two‐stage post‐collisional magmatism model
Authors: Wang Meng‐Tao , Zhang Hui , Zhang Xin , Tang Yong , Lv Zheng‐Hang , Chen Jian‐Zheng , An Yi
Published: September 2022

Understanding the petrogenesis of rare‐metal pegmatites is important for understanding ore‐forming processes and their tectonic settings. In this study, we performed zircon U–Pb geochronological and Hf–O isotopic analyses of the Xiaokalasu, Dakalasu, and Yelaman pegmatites in the Chinese Altay orogen. These pegmatites have low εHf(t) values (−0.6 ~ +4.3), two‐stage model ages of 989 ~ 1,293 Ma, and high δ18O values (+6.52 ~ +11.31), indicating that they may have been derived from the anatexis of mature sedimentary rocks in the deep crust, with a small amount of mantle‐derived or juvenile material. Geochronological and Hf–O isotopic data for granitic intrusions in the Chinese Altay Mountains indicate that the εHf(t) values decreased from the Permian to the Triassic, which implies that two‐stage post‐collisional magmatism occurred in this region. During the Permian, the thin lower crust was cold; thus, magmatism likely originated in the deep crust close to the Moho surface and involved intense mantle–crust interactions. During the Triassic, asthenospheric upwelling provided heat to the lower crust, which increased the geothermal gradient and led to the anatexis of shallow crustal material.
Multisensory representations of space and time in sensory cortices
Authors: Gori Monica , Bertonati Giorgia , Campus Claudio , Amadeo Maria Bianca
Published: September 2022

Clear evidence demonstrated a supramodal organization of sensory cortices with multisensory processing occurring even at early stages of information encoding. Within this context, early recruitment of sensory areas is necessary for the development of fine domain‐specific (i.e., spatial or temporal) skills regardless of the sensory modality involved, with auditory areas playing a crucial role in temporal processing and visual areas in spatial processing. Given the domain‐specificity and the multisensory nature of sensory areas, in this study, we hypothesized that preferential domains of representation (i.e., space and time) of visual and auditory cortices are also evident in the early processing of multisensory information. Thus, we measured the event‐related potential (ERP) responses of 16 participants while performing multisensory spatial and temporal bisection tasks. Audiovisual stimuli occurred at three different spatial positions and time lags and participants had to evaluate whether the second stimulus was spatially (spatial bisection task) or temporally (temporal bisection task) farther from the first or third audiovisual stimulus. As predicted, the second audiovisual stimulus of both spatial and temporal bisection tasks elicited an early ERP response (time window 50–90 ms) in visual and auditory regions. However, this early ERP component was more substantial in the occipital areas during the spatial bisection task, and in the temporal regions during the temporal bisection task. Overall, these results confirmed the domain specificity of visual and auditory cortices and revealed that this aspect selectively modulates also the cortical activity in response to multisensory stimuli.
Anode interfacial modification for non‐fullerene polymer solar cells: Recent advances and prospects
Authors: Ahmad Nafees , Liang Guangxing , Fan Ping , Zhou Huiqiong
Published: September 2022

Recently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single‐junction non‐fullerene polymer solar cells (NF‐PSCs) has surpassed 19% due to the fast development of novel donor polymers, NF‐acceptors, device engineering, and interlayer materials. The anode interlayer (AIL) plays a vital role in improving the efficiency and stability of PSCs. The challenges and opportunities in this research area encourage researchers to pursue great innovation in developing new materials and strategies for highly efficient NF‐PSCs. This review summarizes the recent development of AIL materials and their modification strategies in single‐junction NF‐PSCs. Firstly, a brief introduction, key functions, basic requirements, and peculiar features of AILs when employed in NF‐PSCs are discussed. Then, the impact of AIL materials (including organic, inorganic, and hybrid materials) on the PCE and the stability of NF‐PSCs are described. Afterward, the fabrication of large‐area devices and related issues are highlighted. The summary and the future challenges regarding efficient AIL are summarized in the last section of this review.

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Umbelliferone protects against methylglyoxal‐induced HUVECs dysfunction through suppression of apoptosis and oxidative stress
Authors: Zhang Shunxiao , Zhang Sheng , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Zhang Yan , Wang Hua , Chen Yue , Sun Mingyu
Published: September 2022

Methylglyoxal (MGO), a cytotoxic metabolite of glycolysis, can cause endothelial cells impairment, which is tightly associated with diabetic vascular complication. Umbelliferone, a derivative of coumarin, participates in various pharmacological activities. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of umbelliferone in MGO‐induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in endothelial cells. In this study, it has been indicated that umbelliferone inhibited MGO‐induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cytotoxicity, apoptosis, Bax/Bcl‐2 protein ratio, the activity of cleaved‐caspase‐3, and mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Furthermore, we found that umbelliferone inhibited MGO‐induced activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases and nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathways in HUVECs. In addition, umbelliferone could suppress oxidative stress, as evidenced by decrease of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (MDA) generation, and increase of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase contents. Moreover, we found that umbelliferone can activate Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling. Importantly, silencing of Nrf2 signaling clearly eliminated the anti‐oxidative stress of umbelliferone, whereas umbelliferone pretreatment had no effect on Nrf2 overexpressing HUVECs. Altogether, this study suggested that umbelliferone pretreatment has a protective effect on MGO‐induced endothelial cell dysfunction through inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress.
“Battling something bigger than me”: A phenomenological investigation of generational trauma in African American women
Authors: Petion Ashlei R. , Chang Catherine Y. , Brown‐Thompson Crystal , Mitchell Michelle D. , Grinnage Deaetta , Huffstead Mary E.
Published: September 2022

The lived experiences of eight African American women college students were explored from an interpretive phenomenological analytic framework. The researchers identified six main themes about participants and their reported family dynamics: (a) collectivistic yet disconnected, (b) avoidance, (c) functioning in dysfunction, (d) gendered differences, (e) motivation to change the family's homeostasis, and (f) talking about generational trauma as a motivator to repair communication. Implications for culturally responsive counseling and generational trauma‐informed counselor training are discussed.
Childhood psychological maltreatment, sense of self, and PTSD symptoms in emerging adulthood
Authors: Watts Justin R. , Lazzareschi Nicholas R. , Liu Yanhong , O'Sullivan Deirdre
Published: September 2022

This study outlines the relationships among childhood psychological maltreatment (CPM), an understudied form of maltreatment, sense of self (SOS), a developmental construct negatively impacted by trauma, and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in emerging adults. Results from regression analysis on a sample of emerging adults (N = 358) indicated CPM to be the greatest predictor of a weaker SOS, even when considered alongside other types of child maltreatment. Among those exposed to CPM, SOS was a significant predictor of PTSD symptoms, explaining 34.1% of the variance in the outcome. Counseling interventions that focus on SOS during emerging adulthood are recommended as one important consideration for survivors of CPM who experience PTSD symptoms. Specific counseling practice and research implications are included.