bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gifting a warm-glow effect: how identity influences charitable gifting
Authors: Ranga Garima , Khandeparkar Kapil , Motiani Manoj , Sharma Purvendu
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This work explores how recipients’ identity influences givers’ choice of charitable gifts, their propensity to deviate from gifting registries and how it impacts social ties.

Design/methodology/approach

We conducted five experiments involving diverse charities to explore the above effect, investigate the mediating role of a warm-glow effect and examine the moderating effect of social closeness and anonymity on gift preferences.

Findings

Givers deviate from the registry in favor of alternatives that are congruent with the recipient’s identity due to the givers’ desire to gift a warm-glow effect. Socially close givers are more likely to deviate from the gift registry to enhance social ties. Recipients receive a higher warm-glow effect when distant givers give unrequested identity-congruous gifts, thus improving social relationships.

Practical implications

This study will help organizations determine which identities a specific charity should highlight in its campaigns. Marketers can encourage consumers to prefer charitable gifts by emphasizing the relational and warm-glow benefits.

Originality/value

This is the first study to examine the effect of the recipient’s identity on givers’ preference for charitable gifts. Specifically, while giving charitable gifts, givers are likelier to donate to a charity whose identity is congruent with the recipient.
A model of qardhul hassan for university staff in Malaysia
Authors: Amin Hanudin , Panggi Faizah
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study investigated drivers that explain qardhul hassan financing acceptance in Malaysia involving staff of two universities namely A in East Malaysia and B in West Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

The attitude-social influence-self-efficacy (ASE) model was tested to examine 422 respondents’ acceptance using SPSS 27.

Findings

The study confirmed the significance of all tested hypotheses, with attitude playing a key mediating role. Further, this study uncovered significant results of relative advantage and Islamic debt collection policy, offering novel contributions to this discipline.

Research limitations/implications

The generalisation of the findings generated was limited to the context concerned and the limited variables tested.

Practical implications

The results offer a directive for universities to offer qardhul hassan in the future to attract demand and acceptance.

Originality/value

This study introduced a modified ASE called the QH-ASE framework to analyse its adoption, adaptability and impact on qardhul hassan financing usefulness.
Misinformation detection: datasets, models and performance
Authors: Chung Hsin-Hsuan , Chen Jiangping
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to understand the characteristics of current misinformation detection studies, including the datasets used by researchers, the computational models or algorithms being developed or applied, and the performance of misinformation detection models or algorithms.

Design/methodology/approach

We first identified articles from the Scopus database with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then a coding scheme was derived from the articles based on research questions. Next, datasets, models, and performance were coded. The paper concluded with answers to research questions and future research directions.

Findings

From 115 relevant articles published during 2019–2023 on misinformation detection. We found that most studies used previously existing datasets. Twitter (now X) has been the most widely used source for collecting social media misinformation data. The ten most frequently used datasets are identified. Most studies (96.1%) developed or applied machine learning, especially deep learning models. The most advanced current misinformation detection models could achieve pretty high performance. For example, among 104 studies reporting performance with accuracy, 44.2% achieved an accuracy of 0.95 or higher, and 24.0% achieved 0.90–0.94 on accuracy.

Research limitations/implications

Our study only reviewed English articles from 2019–2023 that are included in the Scopus database. Articles that are not included in the Scopus database are not reviewed.

Practical implications

The high performance of misinformation detection indicates that social media should be able to detect most misinformation if they are willing to do it. However, no system or algorithm could achieve 100% misinformation on performance. Due to the complexity of misinformation, users of social media still need to improve their capabilities of evaluating information on the Internet.

Social implications

This study provides evidence to policymakers that social media platforms have the capability of detecting most misinformation posted. These platforms are responsible for alerting to suspicious postings with misinformation.

Originality/value

This study identifies datasets, computer models, and performance of models from current misinformation detection research. The findings will help social media companies, computer scientists, and information system designers improve their misinformation detection systems. It will also help students in information science and computer science to study the latest models and algorithms. Information professionals may work with computer scientists to improve datasets used for misinformation detection.
Low relative humidity-dependent polyvinyl butyral film dosimeter containing 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide dye for radiation processing
Authors: Rabaeh Khalid , Basfar Ahmed A. , Hammoudeh Issra’ M.E.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to develop a film dosimeter composed of 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MMT) dye and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) binder to reduce the effect if relative humidity effect during irradiation.

Design/methodology/approach

The films were exposed to gamma ray radiation from a 60Co gamma ray source with 8.6 kGy/h dose-rate and 1.25 MeV beam energy to various doses ranging from 2.5 to 100 kGy. UV-VIS spectrophotometer was used to measure the changes in optical properties of irradiated films by means of the changes in the absorbance values at wavelength of 560 nm.

Findings

The effect of irradiation temperature, relative humidity, fluorescent light and postirradiation stability on the performance of developed film dosimeter were investigated.

Practical implications

Previous MMT dye with PVA binder was significant effect of the relative humidity on the dose response of MMT-PVA films which decrease the practical feasibility of using these films in routine high-dose measurements. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to reduce the relative humidity effect on the dose response by proposing a formula for film dosimeters that combines MMT dye with the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) binder.

Originality/value

The irradiation of MMT-PVB films leads to a change in color from yellow to brown, which could be evaluated by the absorbance intensity.
Contrasting ecological mechanisms mediate the impact of land conversion on ecosystem multifunctionality
Authors: Noulèkoun Florent , Mensah Sylvanus , Kim HyungSub , Houndonougbo Juliano Sènanmi Hermann , Mensah Michael , Lee Woo Kyun , Son Yowhan , Khamzina Asia
Published: January 2025

Land use/cover (LULC) changes have unequivocally affected biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, with enormous repercussions for human well‐being. However, the mechanistic ecological mechanisms underlying the impact of land conversion on ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) remain insufficiently examined from the perspective of multiple biodiversity attributes in dryland regions with increasing deforestation rates.

We investigated how the conversion of natural forests and savannas to agroforestry parklands alters the relationships between multiple biodiversity attributes (taxonomic, functional, phylogenetic and structural) and EMF, while accounting for the effects of environmental factors in the dryland landscapes in Benin. We used forest inventory data from 145 plots spanning forests, savannas and agroforestry parklands and assessed the implications of three land conversion scenarios. We quantified EMF using eight functions that are central to primary productivity and nutrient cycling.

We found that EMF was positively related solely to structural diversity in forests. The conversion of forests and savannas to agroforestry parklands decreased EMF both directly and indirectly. The indirect effects were mediated by two contrasting biodiversity effects. When forests were converted to agroforestry parklands through savannas, indirect effects were driven by shifts in functional composition towards the dominance of species with acquisitive traits. In contrast, species diversity reduction explained the indirect effects when savannas were converted to agroforestry parklands. The aridity index and soil texture influenced biodiversity attributes, but not EMF.

The present study provides evidence that the biodiversity–EMF relationship is dependent on the LULC type and was evident only in the natural ecosystem through the effects of structural diversity, thereby emphasizing the importance of enhancing structural diversity for promoting EMF in forests. Our findings also demonstrate that land conversion weakened natural EMF through biotic homogenization resulting from two contrasting biodiversity‐related mechanisms, including loss of species diversity and dominance of species with acquisitive resource‐use strategy.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Glucocorticoid responses of wildlife to anthropogenic stressors are influenced by disturbance type and species traits
Authors: Mirante Davide , Santini Luca , Costantini David , Benítez‐López Ana
Published: January 2025

Ecological and conservation research has focused on documenting wildlife's behavioural and demographic responses to anthropogenic disturbance. Yet, a significant gap remains in our understanding of the physiological mechanisms that underlie behavioural or demographic adaptations to human activities.

Glucocorticoid concentrations (GCCs) are widely considered as relevant endpoints to assess the physiological response of wildlife to natural or anthropogenic stressors, yet recent studies show mixed outcomes concerning GCC shifts in disturbed populations. Consequently, uncertainties remain around the role of GCCs as reliable indicators of the effect of anthropogenic disturbance on organisms' physiology, likely due to the masking effect of several confounding factors.

To unveil generalizable patterns of physiological effects of human disturbance on wildlife, we collected GCCs measured in conspecific populations living in undisturbed and disturbed areas from 121 studies and 114 species of terrestrial vertebrates, and assessed the roles of disturbance type and species traits in shaping GCC shifts using a phylogenetic meta‐analysis of log response ratios (lnRRΔ).

We found a 36% increase in GCCs due to human disturbance in mammals (lnRRΔ = 0.304), but no evidence of a generalizable effect for birds, non‐avian reptiles and amphibians. Mammals showed similar responses to all forms of anthropogenic disturbance, while birds showed 24.6% increase in GCCs for habitat conversion only (lnRRΔ = 0.221). Furthermore, change in GCCs tended to be higher in large‐sized than in small‐sized mammals, but comparatively lower in herbivorous mammals. Finally, we found non‐migratory birds to elicit stronger responses compared with migratory birds (lnRRΔ = 0.234).

Our study provides novel evidence supporting the influential roles of diet and body mass in mammals, and migratory behaviours in birds, in shaping glucocorticoid responses to human disturbance, establishing a link between magnitude of physiological responses and pace‐of‐life‐related traits. Furthermore, we found GCC trends to be coherent with known demographic and behavioural responses, suggesting that GCC shifts might be costly to sustain, thus serving as potential early‐warning signals of population decline. Finally, we found consistency in the magnitude of GCC shifts in mammals facing all types of human disturbance, highlighting that even seemingly innocuous interactions with humans may still induce substantial physiological changes.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Phillygenin Inhibits PI3K‐Akt–mTOR Signalling Pathway to Prevent bleomycin‐Induced Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Wei Yongjia , Ni Wenting , Zhao Lizhi , Gao Yanhong , Zhou Bing , Feng Qun , Ma Yun , Wang Limin
Published: January 2025

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease characterised by irreversible lung structure and function. Phillygenin (PHI) is a lignan extracted from Forsythiae fructus with the activities of anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of PHI on IPF. The mouse model of IPF was established by bleomycin (BLM), and then treated with PHI. After 15 days of administration, the lung index was calculated. H&E staining, Masson staining and immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the effect of PHI on pulmonary fibrosis. MDA and SOD were tested to evaluate the effect of PHI on lung tissue oxidative stress. Western blot was used to detect the effect of PHI on the expressions of α‐SMA, p‐smad2, TGF‐ β1, Nrf2, HO‐1 and NQO‐1. Network pharmacology was used to identify the key signalling pathways for PHI to improve IPF, and Western blot was used to validate the result. The results showed that PHI prevented mice from BLM‐induced IPF, manifested by reducing lung index, improving lung tissue pathological damage, inhibiting collagen deposition and expression of fibrosis markers including α‐SMA, collagen1, p‐smad2 and TGF‐β1. PHI inhibited oxidative stress by upregulating the expressions of Nrf2, HO‐1 and NQO‐1. Network pharmacology revealed that PI3K‐Akt–mTOR signalling pathway was the underlying target of PHI for IPF. Molecular docking indicated strong binding of PHI with PIK3CA, AKT1 and RELA. Western blot validated that PHI downregulated the PI3K‐Akt–mTOR signalling pathway and stimulated autophagy. This study indicated that PHI prevented BLM‐induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting PI3K‐Akt–mTOR signalling pathway.
Parent coaching behaviours in in‐person and telepractice early intervention for children with hearing loss
Authors: Tutuk Hülya Ceren , Çavuşoğlu Tezcan , Atlar Yıldırım Hilal , Gürgür Hasan
Published: January 2025

Family‐Centered Early Intervention (FCEI) involves developing parents' knowledge and skills through parent coaching to support the listening and language development of their children with hearing loss. The traditional delivery of parent coaching at FCEI has been in in‐person settings. With the advancement of technology, telepractice has become widespread. This has increased the diversity of service delivery, especially for children with hearing loss who face difficulty accessing a qualified interventionist. This study examined the parent coaching behaviours of an educator providing early intervention services to children with hearing loss and their parents in in‐person and telepractice settings. The research is a qualitative case study. Data were collected through observation, an interview, documents and a research diary. The results indicated that implementing feedback, modelling and guided practice varied due to challenges in engaging children during telepractice sessions. In‐person, these behaviours were applied within the activity involving both parent and child. In telepractice, feedback and modelling were limited to discussions with the parent, and guided practice was not demonstrated. The results suggest that, despite the educator's efforts to find solutions, structural limitations may have limited the support parents received from telepractice sessions compared to in‐person sessions.
Experience With Dabigatran on Rate of Portal Vein Thrombosis Recanalization, Disease Progression and Survival
Authors: Premkumar Madhumita , Bhujade Harish , Sharma Prerna , Nain Jasvinder , Ahluwalia Jasmina , Sandhu Anchal , Kumar Yogendra , Rathi Sahaj , Taneja Sunil , Duseja Ajay Kumar , Kulkarni Anand V. , Singh Charanpreet , Naseem Shano , Karki Tanka , Gupta Pankaj , Chaluvashetty Sreedhara B. , Lad Deepesh , Reddy K. Rajender
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

We assessed clinical, procoagulant and genetic risk factors and clinical outcomes in dabigatran‐treated patients with non‐tumoural acute and acute‐on‐chronic portal vein thrombosis (PVT).

Methods

Patients with a new diagnosis of non‐tumoural acute and acute‐on‐chronic PVT between January 2021 and January 2024 (aged ≥ 18 years) in those without/with cirrhosis (Child‐Pugh (CP)‐A/B/C ≤ 10) were started on dabigatran and followed and compared with those on vitamin K antagonist (VKA) and untreated individuals.

Results

Dabigatran was prescribed in 119 patients with PVT type 1 (61, 51.3%), type 2 (34, 28.6%), type 3 (24, 20.2%); 72 (60.5%) with cirrhosis [CP‐A (27, 37.5%), CP‐B (43, 59.7%) and CP‐C10 (2, 2.8%)]. Procoagulant factors noted were JAK2V617F (10.1%), CALR (2.5%) and factor V Leiden (1.6%) mutations, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS, 15.2%), isolated Protein C (14.3%) and Protein S (16.8%) deficiency. Comparators: 28 patients who declined anticoagulation/were unable to come for follow‐up, and six with CP‐C received VKA. Overall recanalization rate (RR) on dabigatran was 56 (47.1%); 25 (21%) complete recanalization, 31 (26%) partial recanalization and 63 (52.9%) stable PVT over median follow‐up of 32 months. Patients not anticoagulated had a spontaneous RR in 21.4% (28 patients; p = 0.005 compared with dabigatran group) and none recanalized on VKA. On multivariable analysis, predictors of recanalization on dabigatran were Factor VIII Antigen level (FVIII:Ag, HR 0.6; 95% CI 0.3–0.9, p = 0.032), non‐occlusive PVT (HR 3.5, 95% CI 1.9–5.6, p = 0.025) and acute PVT (HR 2.1; 95% CI 1.5–3.2, p = 0.003). Mortality was 14 (11.8%).

Conclusion

On dabigatran, 47% of 119 patients achieved portal vein recanalization over 32 months of follow‐up which was higher than the spontaneous RR (21.4%) in an untreated cohort. High Factor VIII:Ag was a predictor of non‐recanalization. Dabigatran was safe in cirrhosis (CP‐A and B) while further work is needed in CP‐C.
Lubiprostone Reduces Fat Content on MRI‐PDFF in Patients With MASLD: A 48‐Week Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: El‐Kassas Mohamed , Mostafa Hala , Abdellatif Wessam , Shoman Sohier , Esmat Gamal , Brahmania Mayur , Liu Hongqun , Lee Samuel S.
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

The laxative lubiprostone has been shown to decrease intestinal permeability. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of lubiprostone administered for 48 weeks in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Approach and Results

A randomised placebo‐controlled trial was conducted in a specialised MASLD outpatient clinic at the National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt. The recruited patients had radiological evidence of MASLD along with other criteria for diagnosis. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or lubiprostone 24 μg orally twice daily for 48 weeks. The liver fat content was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging estimated proton density fat fraction (MRI‐PDFF). Between November 2020 and February 2023, 176 patients were screened, of whom 116 were eligible. Fifty‐nine patients were randomised to receive placebo, while 57 patients were randomised to receive lubiprostone. Due mostly to patient dropout (i.e., loss to follow‐up), complete data were available for 40 patients in each group. Compared with placebo group, 48‐week lubiprostone treatment significantly reduced fat quantity (p = 0.04). Despite a significant reduction in body weight in the control group, no significant difference was found between both groups regarding fibrosis score by transient elastography or in serum ALT levels. One patient in the lubiprostone group developed severe diarrhoea requiring treatment stoppage. No other serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusion

Lubiprostone was well tolerated and reduced liver fat content as measured by MRI‐PDFF in patients with MASLD over 48 weeks. Lubiprostone appears promising to treat MASLD and warrants more extensive studies to confirm such efficacy.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05768334
Platelets and monocytes: A dynamic duo aiding in the prediction of the clinical response to thrombopoietin receptor agonists in immune thrombocytopenia?
Authors: Kapur Rick
Published: January 2025

Patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) suffer from an autoimmune bleeding disorder with an isolated low number of platelets. Platelets and megakaryocytes are targeted by the immune system, due to a loss of immune tolerance, via the action of platelet‐autoantibodies and/or cytotoxic T cells. ITP is a highly variable disorder regarding the underlying biological mechanisms, disease trajectories and treatment responses. Predictive indicators are therefore strongly warranted. To analyze the predictive response to the thrombopoietin receptor agonist eltrombopag, in this issue of the British Journal of Haematology, Osuna‐Gomez and co‐workers research platelet‐leukocyte complexes in 38 ITP patients upon treatment with eltrombopag. Elevated platelet counts upon treatment with eltrombopag were associated with increased complexes of platelets bound to leucocytes. A higher percentage of monocytes bound to platelets, with an increased IL‐10 production in monocytes, was found to be associated to a favorable clinical response to treatment with eltrombopag. Further validation is required but these findings reveal the potential of analyzing platelet‐monocyte complexes as a predictive indicator for the clinical response to eltrombopag in patients with ITP.

Commentary on: Osuna‐Gómez et al. Interplay of leucocyte‐platelet complexes and clinical response to eltrombopag in immune thrombocytopenia patients. Br J Haematol 2025 (Online ahead of print). doi: 10.1111/bjh.19779.
IDOL alleviates the body weight by upregulating UCP‐1 in mice
Authors: Guan Hua , Wang Le , Tang Chengcheng , Xu Hao , Xiang Aoqi , Chen Xiaochang , Yu Qi , Xu Lixian
Published: January 2025

Background

Given the potential role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in stimulating energy expenditure, activating BAT can be an effective anti‐obesity treatment. Here, we aimed to use adenoviruses to establish the effect of the inducible degrader of the low density lipoprotein receptor (IDOL) in the formation of BAT.

Methods

IDOL or green fluorescent protein was overexpressed by adenovirus and injected into the scapula of C57BL/6J mice and fed with high‐fat diet for 12 weeks. We measured the body weight, morphology of lipid droplets, lipid profiles and adipogenesis protein expression levels. BAT was isolated, and RNA sequencing was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes and related signaling pathways. Finally, we conducted western blot to verify the authenticity and reliability of the RNA sequencing results.

Results

Compared with the control group, IDOL overexpression led to a significant reduction in body weight, consistent with the weight of adipose tissues and organs. Further studies show IDOL promotion increased ATGL, perilipin 1 and UCP‐1 expression in BAT. However, perilipin 1 protein expression was significantly reduced in the Ad‐IDOL group in epididymal white adipose tissue, while there was no significant difference in adiponectin, ATGL and perilipin 1 protein expression in inguinal white adipose tissue. Notably, serum FGF21 and leptin protein expression were negatively related to the adipose tissue decrease after Ad‐IDOL administration. RNA sequencing analysis identified 1256 differentially expressed genes that were prominently enriched across nine signalling pathways. Additionally, the protein expression of PGAM2, G6PC1 and phosphorylation‐AMPK was significantly increased after overexpression IDOL in BAT, which was consistent with the results of the RNA sequencing analysis.

Conclusions

Our research demonstrated that IDOL overexpression alleviates the body weight by promoting the phosphorylation of AMPK to upregulate the UCP‐1 and ATGL exacerbating lipolysis in BAT.
Soil conditions and the emergence phenology and survival of a solitary, ground‐nesting bee in a coastal dune environment
Authors: Litz Amelia , Mesler Michael , Iler Amy
Published: January 2025

Adult emergence is a pivotal stage in insect life history that can affect reproduction and survival and is often cued by environmental variables. Temperature commonly cues adult insect emergence and can affect insect growth, development, and survival. However, for ground‐nesting insects primarily interacting with the soil environment, temperature is modulated by soil moisture. Soil moisture can both directly affect insect phenology and survival, or indirectly affect them via an inverse relationship between soil moisture and soil temperature.

Here, we experimentally reduced soil moisture content, thereby also increasing soil temperature, for a sand‐nesting bee (Megachile wheeleri) in a coastal dune ecosystem and monitored bee emergence phenology and survival.

Despite experimentally induced drier and warmer soils, our manipulations did not affect the emergence timing or survival of M. wheeleri. Average emergence timing was the same under both treatments. Survival was lower in warmer, drier soils, but this effect was not significant.

Contrary to our expectations, our results support neither direct nor indirect effects of soil moisture on emergence phenology or survival. Our results suggest that survival and timing of emergence of M. wheeleri are not affected by the range of environmental variables studied here. Although our results demonstrate that soil moisture may not have effects on emergence and survival for some insects, more research is needed to understand the direct and indirect effects of soil moisture on adult insect emergence and survival.
A High Load Clipping Criterion Based on the Probabilistic Extreme Load of Fatigue Spectrum
Authors: Cao Jing , Liu Zuoting , Lin Hanyu , Yao Weixing
Published: January 2025

The high load with very low occurrence probability in the fatigue load spectrum may introduce the favorable residual stress at the metal structure notch, so it is necessary to clip the high load of spectrum to avoid a dangerous test result. Based on the time‐domain extrapolation principle and the extreme value theory, the probability distribution of high load in the whole‐life load spectrum was predicted. Considering the dispersion of high load and the influence of high load on the structural fatigue life, a selection criterion of high load clipping level was proposed, which makes the test result under the corresponding clipped spectrum both conservative and authentic. To demonstrate the rationality and practicality of criterion, the transport aircraft load spectrum was extrapolated and the spectral fatigue tests of 2024‐T3 aluminum alloy sheet were conducted, providing reference for the design of fatigue test load spectrum of aircraft structure in practical engineering.
Diet‐related quality of life may directly and indirectly affect health‐related quality of life through protein intake and frailty in patients with osteoporosis: Results from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshinari , Wakano Chie , Kimura Takashi , Nishioka Eri , Yunoki Nana , Kurokawa Masao
Published: January 2025

Aim

We aimed to examine the direct and indirect associations between diet‐related quality of life (DRQOL) and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with osteoporosis.

Methods

Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted using data from a 1‐year prospective cohort survey of 532 consecutive patients with osteoporosis. The DRQOL was assessed using a short version of the Diet‐Related Quality of Life Scale. Dietary intake statuses were assessed using the brief‐type self‐administered diet history questionnaire. Frailty was assessed using the Kihon Checklist (KCL). HRQOL was assessed using the EuroQol 5‐dimensions 5‐level (EQ‐5D‐5L) score. The association between the DRQOL scores and each item was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression, path analysis, and a cross‐lagged panel model.

Results

In the baseline cross‐sectional analysis, DRQOL scores at the ≥75th percentile of the cohort were associated with protein intake (odds ratio [OR] 2.18; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 1.20, 3.96), frailty (OR: 0.14; 95% CIs: 0.06, 0.33), and having a full EQ‐5D‐5L score (OR: 2.37; 95% CIs: 1.33, 4.21). In the path analysis, the DRQOL score was directly related to the EQ‐5D‐5L score and indirectly related via protein intake and the KCL score (standardized direct effect: 0.08, standardized indirect effect: 0.11). In the cross‐lagged panel model, DRQOL scores at baseline were indirectly positively associated with EQ‐5D‐5L scores at 1 year (standardized direct effect: −0.06, standardized indirect effect: 0.23).

Conclusions

The DRQOL in patients with osteoporosis may be directly and indirectly related to the HRQOL via protein intake and frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 243–250.
Spiky Metropolitan Landscapes: An Urbanometric Analysis of Growing Agglomerations
Authors: Elburz Zeynep , Kourtit Karima , Nijkamp Peter
Published: January 2025

The spatial configuration of urban systems has garnered significant interest from various disciplines, including urban planners, economists, and ecologists, due to its interconnectedness with various aspects of sustainable development. Research on urban form suggests a departure from the conventional model of a gradually declining density gradient from the city center, giving way to a “spiky” urban landscape characterized by a heterogeneous polycentric pattern. This study aims to examine the recently emerging spiky structure of an urban agglomeration and its determinants, providing insights into the potential prospects of cities. We adopt a new quantitative modeling approach inspired by spatial econometrics and coined here ‘urbanometrics’. By utilizing and testing spatial dependence urbanometric models, we seek to elucidate the factors driving these changes, with a specific focus on pluriform urban sprawl in the Mediterranean region, specifically the Izmir city‐region. The findings indicate that since the early 2000s, the Izmir city‐region has experienced simultaneous decentralization and the emergence of multiple centers, with sharp differences. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the expansion of highway infrastructure, population growth, and existing convertible (agricultural or forest) land contribute to urban sprawl and the emergence of a “spiky” urban landscape.
The correlation between discrepancies in clinical and pathological T stages and overall survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: Analysis of the hospital‐based cancer registry data in Japan
Authors: Shiga Masanobu , Nagumo Yoshiyuki , Kojo Kosuke , Kandori Shuya , Takahashi Reo , Isoda Bunpei , Suzuki Shuhei , Hamada Kazuki , Tanuma Kozaburo , Nitta Satoshi , Hoshi Akio , Negoro Hiromitsu , Mathis Bryan J. , Okuyama Ayako , Nishiyama Hiroyuki
Published: January 2025

Objective

Our study assessed the correlation between discrepancies in clinical and pathological T stages and overall survival (OS) in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), including renal pelvis (UCP) and ureter (UCU) carcinoma, treated with radical surgery.

Methods

We utilized data from the Japanese Hospital‐Based Cancer Registry (HBCR) to identify UTUC cases (n = 2376), consisting of UCP cases (n = 1196) and UCU cases (n = 1180), diagnosed with cTa‐3N0M0 between 2012 and 2013. All cases were histologically confirmed and treated solely with radical surgery, excluding any chemotherapy or radiotherapy. We investigated the correlation between stage classification discrepancies and OS.

Results

Among UCP and UCU patients, cT2N0M0 had the highest discrepancy rates between clinical and pathological stages (68% and 51%), while cT3N0M0 had the lowest (21% and 20%). Among UCP and UCU patients with cTa/is/1N0M0, those with up‐staging showed significantly worse OS compared to same‐staging (HR 1.7 and 2.5, p = 0.001 and <0.001, respectively). In UCU patients with cT2N0M0, the 5‐year OS rates were 41.9% for up‐staging, 63.7% for same‐staging, and 76.4% for down‐staging, with significantly worse survival in the up‐staged group. Among UCP and UCU patients with cT3N0M0, the 5‐year OS rates were 29.3% and 7.7% for those with up‐staging, 53.7% and 30.6% for those with same staging, and 79.6% and 65.4% for those with down‐staging.

Conclusion

Using a large real‐world cohort, we found stage discrepancies to be a significant independent prognostic factor in non‐metastatic UTUC patients. Treatment should be carefully selected, considering T‐staging discrepancies and prognosis.
Role of violence exposure on altruistic behavior and grit among emergency nurses in rural hospitals
Authors: Atta Mohamed Hussein Ramadan , Elsayed Shimmaa Mohamed , El‐Gazar Heba Emad , Abdelhafez Naglaa Gamal Eldien , Zoromba Mohamed Ali
Published: January 2025

Aim

To explore the effect of violence exposure on altruistic behavior and grit among emergency nurses in 103‐bed emergency departments in rural hospitals in Egypt.

Background

Workplace violence is a pervasive issue in emergency departments. Nurses in rural hospitals, facing limited resources and isolation, may be even more vulnerable to the adverse effects of workplace violence. Altruism, characterized by a selfless concern for the well‐being of others, and grit, known as persistence and dedication toward long‐term aspirations, are fundamental attributes that significantly influence the quality of care nurses provide. In high‐stress environments like emergency departments, these qualities are essential for maintaining patient safety and well‐being; the presence of workplace violence can compromise these vital attributes.

Method

A descriptive correlational design was undertaken in the intensive care units of rural hospitals. The research utilized three measurements: the workplace place violence questionnaire, the Short Grit Scale, and the altruistic behaviors scale.

Findings

Reporting of incidence, mitigation strategies, and the impact of violence are inversely related to altruism and grit. Altruism and grit were positively correlated. The regression indicates that while altruism is high, factors like mitigation strategies, years of experience, and perceived risk contribute negatively to altruistic behaviors.

Implications for nursing practice, nursing, and health policy

This research underscores the significance of assessing personal assets and their relation to violence exposure. It highlights a critical need for resilience‐building initiatives that empower nurses to build both altruism and grit among nurses while addressing the impact of workplace violence. In addition, nursing policies should include specific provisions for their protection, such as adjusting shift patterns to reduce their exposure to high‐risk periods, ensuring adequate staffing levels, and implementing buddy systems.
Impact of enhanced ferroelectric polarization through La doping on photovoltaic properties of BiFeO3 thin films on HOPG
Authors: Ahn Yoonho , Son Jong Yeog
Published: January 2025

BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films are well‐known for their multiferroic and photovoltaic properties, driving extensive research into potential applications. Highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates, with a graphene‐like surface structure, provide an ideal platform for assessing the impact of graphene electrodes. This study investigates the photovoltaic properties of ITO/BFO/HOPG devices with La‐doped BFO thin films at concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 mol%. The polycrystalline BFO thin films exhibited a preferential (111) orientation, with the 10 mol% La‐doped thin films demonstrating optimal crystallinity and the highest remanent polarization of 50.8 µC/cm2. Photovoltaically, the 5 mol% La‐doped BFO thin film exhibited an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.46 V and the highest short‐circuit current (Jsc) of 0.38 mA/cm2. The 10 mol% La‐doped BFO thin film achieved the highest Voc of 0.57 V with a Jsc of 0.35 mA/cm2, likely because of enhanced ferroelectric polarization. In contrast, the 15 mol% La‐doped BFO thin film showed a reduced band gap but diminished photovoltaic performance. The minimal variation in the band gap (within 0.1 eV) suggests that the improved photovoltaic performance is primarily driven by increased polarization resulting from enhanced tetragonality.
Corpus Linguistics as a Research Method in Nursing: A Practical Approach to Analysing Language Data
Authors: Bond Carmel
Published: January 2025

Aim

To highlight the use of corpus linguistics for analysing language data and to provide a worked example of this approach in nursing research.

Design

Methodology discussion paper.

Methods

This paper introduces corpus linguistics as a distinct approach to undertaking qualitative research in nursing. Examples are provided to illustrate how corpus linguistics can be applied to explore contemporary concepts in healthcare.

Conclusion

Corpus linguistics offers a structured, robust alternative to traditional qualitative analysis. When combined with critical social theory, it is ideal for exploring power dynamics and discourse, making it a valuable approach for nursing and healthcare related research.

Implications for Nursing

Nurse researchers often work with large amounts of textual data. Corpus linguistics provides a rigorous framework for analysing such data sets, which can be used for various studies.

Impact

Corpus linguistics analytics can enhance nursing research by uncovering language use patterns that can help generate knowledge to inform nursing practice and policy development.

Patient or Public Contribution

None.
Nurses Caring for ICU Patients With Intellectual Developmental Disabilities in the United States: An Interpretivist Narrative Analysis Using Western Story Arcs
Authors: Watson Adrianna Lorraine , Sutton‐Clark Gabby , Prescott Sara
Published: January 2025

Background

Understanding ICU nurses' experiences in caring for patients with intellectual developmental disabilities is crucial. Insights can inform supportive measures and training programs to enhance nurse well‐being and patient population‐specific outcomes.

Objective

The primary objective of this study was to explore and understand the lived experiences of nurses caring for patients with intellectual developmental disabilities.

Design

This narrative study employed a research design focusing on ICU nurse storytelling. Registered nurses from ICU settings (n = 49) in the United States participated. Data were collected from January 2024 through April 2024 via semi‐structured interviews over an online audiovisual recorded platform. Transcripts were analysed using Christopher Booker's theory of the seven basic plots (Overcoming the Monster, Rags to Riches, The Quest, Voyage and Return, Comedy, Tragedy, and Rebirth) to identify emerging themes in the data.

Results

Story arcs revealed each type of narrative arc apart from comedy, suggesting that ICU nurse experiences of caring for patients with IDD are widely varied and encompass a full range of human expression and experience. Themes spanning these arcs included (1) The Journey of Revisioning ICU Care and (2) Finding Strength to Champion Patient Rights. Findings suggest that ICU nurses consistently experienced the key elements in Finding Strength to Champion Patient Rights but that the key elements of The Journey of Revisioning ICU Care were less widely experienced.

Conclusion

Tailored support and training programs can enhance nurses' ability to provide effective care to this patient population. Insights hold practical implications for nursing education, clinical practice, and policy development.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Findings suggest additional training for nurses will benefit patient outcomes and nurse satisfaction. Through exploring unique challenges and emotional burdens faced by nurses, healthcare organisations can develop supportive measures that foster a more caring and effective healing environment. Policy changes can lead to improved patient outcomes, greater nurse satisfaction, and a more inclusive healthcare system that recognises and addresses the needs of vulnerable populations.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution. This study focused on the lived experiences of ICU nurses rather than direct patient or public involvement. The research design and data collection were centred on professional narratives from nursing staff, which did not necessitate input from patients or the public for the objectives set forth.
Aging With Long‐Term Physical Disabilities and Its Implications for Nursing: A Scoping Review
Authors: Park Seeun , Thomas Nicole , Ersig Anne , Bratzke Lisa
Published: January 2025

Aim

To synthesise literature on the aging characteristics of people with long‐term physical disabilities and inform future nursing research, education, practice and health policy.

Design

Scoping review.

Data Source

Literature searches were performed in the CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases in April 2024.

Methods

A systematic scoping review was conducted, beginning with the initial screening of titles and abstracts, followed by full‐text analysis. Eligibility criteria focused on the population (people with long‐term physical disabilities), concept (biopsychosocial characteristics of aging), context (individual/population‐level) and publications from 2000 to 2024. Selected articles underwent thematic analysis.

Results

Of the 814 identified articles, 31 met the inclusion criteria, from which 8 themes emerged. Physically, people with long‐term physical disabilities experience accelerated aging, increased secondary conditions and a heightened falls risk. Psychologically, they exhibit both negative affectivity and resilience, alongside psychological growth. Socially, they encounter persistent barriers, leading to socioeconomic disadvantages, notably in education, employment, income and transportation.

Conclusion

This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the biopsychosocial aging characteristics of people with long‐term physical disabilities, elucidating their diverse experiences and adaptations throughout their life course.

Implications

Future research should focus on understanding the multidimensional aging trajectory of this population longitudinally and identifying factors related to accelerated aging to develop tailored interventions at optimal time points to improve their aging experience. Increased attention to nursing education and training in disability‐cultural competence is required to alleviate attitudinal barriers in healthcare services. Policy efforts must enhance disability data justice and improve transportation accessibility.

Impact

The study highlights that people with long‐term physical disabilities may have less optimal aging experiences, findings that could guide development of nursing interventions and changes to policy designed to enhance their well‐being.

Reporting Method

This review adheres to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews and the Joanna Briggs Institute's scoping reviews guideline.

Patient or Public Contribution

None.
The Nursing Staff's Understandings of Spiritual Care in an Oncology Clinic in 2003 and 2023: A Mixed Method Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lundmark Mikael
Published: January 2025

Aim(s)

To explore the understandings of spiritual care among nursing staff at an Swedish oncology clinic, with a special focus on changes over time.

Design

Qualitative, longitudinal, descriptive design.

Methods

A questionnaire‐based replication study conducted in 2003 (N = 68) and 2023 (N = 47), comparative and thematic analysis.

Results

The thematic analysis generated four main themes in 2023: (i) Relate to the whole person—spiritual care as an approach, (ii) enable an atmosphere of humanity and security around the patient—spiritual care as a nursing intervention, (iii) enable the patient to live out their spirituality or practice their religion—spiritual care that focuses on practical aspects directly linked to practising a religion and (iv) awareness of the importance of one's own approach to spiritual care—spiritual care that focuses on the personal qualities of the caregiver. Compared with 2003, there are many similarities but also some differences: the importance of one's own approach is more emphasised in 2023, and there is an increased awareness that nursing interventions can be different depending on who the patient is and who the caregiver is; spiritual care is more clearly characterised by an effort to relate to the whole person and the understanding of what can/should be included in the framework of spiritual care is broader.

Conclusion

The concept of ‘spiritual care’ can change over time and can depend on societal changes.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

When studying understandings of the concept of ‘spiritual care’ in a nursing context or evaluating studies on the topic, the stability of the concept of ‘spiritual care’ over time should be accounted for.

Reporting Method

When applicable: SRQR.

Patient or Public Contribution

None.
The intergenerational impact of mothers and fathers on children's word reading development
Authors: Grande Germán , Amland Tonje , van Bergen Elsje , Melby‐Lervåg Monica , Lervåg Arne
Published: January 2025

Background

Numerous studies have investigated the associations between the home literacy environment (HLE) and children's word reading skills. However, these associations may partly reflect shared genetic factors since parents provide both the reading environment and their child's genetic predisposition to reading. Hence, the relationship between the HLE and children's reading is genetically confounded. To address this, parents' reading abilities have been suggested as a covariate, serving as a proxy for genetic transmission. The few studies that have incorporated this covariate control have made no distinction between the HLE reported by each parent or controlled for different skills in parents and children. We predicted children's reading development over time by the reading abilities of both parents as covariates and both parents' self‐reported HLE as predictors.

Methods

We analyzed data from 242 unrelated children, 193 mothers, and 144 fathers. Children's word reading was assessed in Grades 1 and 3, and parents' word reading was assessed on a single occasion. Predictors of children's reading development included literacy resources and shared reading activities.

Results

Children's reading in Grade 3 was predicted by mothers' engagement in reading activities and by literacy resources at home, even after controlling for the genetic proxy of parental reading abilities. The longitudinal rate of change from Grades 1 to 3 was not associated with the HLE or parental reading.

Conclusions

Our finding that parental reading skills predicted children's word reading beyond children's initial word reading underscores the importance of considering genetic confounding in research on the home environment. Beyond parental reading abilities, children's skills were predicted by literacy resources in the home and by how often mothers engage in reading activities with their children. This suggests true environmental effects.