bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Emerging Role of Sonoelastography in Prenatal Diagnosis: Applications in Assessing Maternal and Fetal Health
Authors: Alfuraih Abdulrahman M.
Published: November 2024

Sonoelastography, a novel ultrasound-based technique, is emerging as a valuable tool in prenatal diagnostics by quantifying tissue elasticity and stiffness in vivo. This review explores the application of sonoelastography in assessing maternal and fetal health, with a focus on cervical, placental, pelvic floor, and fetal tissue evaluations. In the cervix, sonoelastography aids in predicting preterm birth and assessing labor induction success. For the placenta, it provides insights into conditions like preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction through elasticity measurements. Assessing fetal tissues, including the lungs, liver, and brain, sonoelastography offers a non-invasive method for evaluating organ maturity and detecting developmental anomalies. Additionally, pelvic floor assessments enable better management of childbirth-related injuries and postpartum recovery. While current studies support its safety when used within established limits, further research is necessary to confirm long-term effects. Future advancements include refining protocols, integrating machine learning, and combining sonoelastography with other diagnostic methods to enhance its predictive power. Sonoelastography holds promise as an impactful adjunct to conventional ultrasound, providing quantitative insights that can improve maternal and fetal outcomes in prenatal care.
Absorbable Powder Haemostat Use in Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery
Authors: Ricciardi Sara , Patel Akshay Jatin , Alunni Fegatelli Danilo , Volpi Sara , Femia Federico , Petrella Lea , Bille Andrea , Cardillo Giuseppe
Published: November 2024

Background: Significant intraoperative and postoperative blood loss are rare but possibly life-threatening complications after lung resection surgery either during open or minimally invasive procedure. Microporous Polysaccharide Hemospheres (ARISTA™AH) have demonstrated time-efficient haemostasis, lower post-operative blood volumes and a lower blood transfusion requirement, without any identified adverse events across other specialities.The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of haemostatic agents on short-term postoperative outcomes in thoracic surgery. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a prospectively collected database of consecutive early-stage lung cancer patients surgically treated in two European centres(October 2020-December 2022).Exclusion criteria:open surgery,patients with coagulopathy/anticoagulant medication,major intraoperative bleeding,non-anatomical lung resection and age <18 years.The cohort was divided into 5 groups according to the haemostatic agent used.Propensity score matching was used to estimate the effect of ARISTA™AH on various intra- and post-operative parameters(continuous and binary outcome modelling). Results:482 patients(M/F:223/259; VATS 97/RATS 385)with a mean age of 68.9(±10.6)years were analysed.In 253 cases ARISTA™AH was intraoperatively used to control bleeding.This cohort of patients had a significant reduction in total drain volume by 135 mls(standard error 53.9; p=0.012).The use of ARISTA™AH did reduce the average length of hospital stay(-1.47 days)and duration of chest drainage(-0.596 days)albeit not significant.In the ARISTA™AH group,we observed no postoperative bleeding,no blood transfusion required,no 30-day mortality and no requirement for redo-surgery.The use of ARISTA™AH significantly reduced the odds of post-operative complications,need for transfusion and redo surgery. Conclusion: Our data showed that Microporous Polysaccharide Hemospheres are a safe and effective haemostatic device.Its use has a positive effect in short term postoperative outcomes of patients surgically treated for early-stage lung cancer.
A High-Throughput Immune-Oncology Screen Identifies Immunostimulatory Properties of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy Agents in TNBC
Authors: Bullock Kennady K , Hasaka Thomas P , Days Emily , Bauer Joshua A , Ward Patricia A , Richmond Ann
Published: November 2024

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) typically have a greater immune cell infiltrate and are more likely to respond to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) than ER+ or HER2+ breast cancers. However, there is crucial need to optimize combining chemotherapy strategies with ICI to enhance overall survival TNBC. Therefore, we developed a high-throughput co-culture screening assay to identify compounds enhancing CD8+T-cell-mediated tumor cell cytotoxicity, screening over 400 FDA-approved compounds or agents under investigation for oncology indications. Four chemotherapy agents were chosen as priority hits for mechanistic follow-up due to their ability to enhance T-cell mediated cytotoxicity at multiple doses and multiple timepoints: paclitaxel, bleomycin sulfate, ispinesib and etoposide. Lead compounds affected expression of MHCI, MHCII, and PD-L1, and induced markers of immunogenic cell death (extracellular ATP or HMGB1). Based on ability to increase tumor cell susceptibility to T-cell mediated cytotoxicity, while minimizing T-cell toxicity, bleomycin was identified as the most promising lead candidate. Overall, the results of these studies provide mechanistic insight into potential new chemotherapy partners to enhance anti-PD-1 efficacy in TNBC patients.
Nonglycemic Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Focus on Inflammation and Macrophages
Authors: Rykova Elena Y , Klimontov Vadim V , Shmakova Elena O , Korbut Anton I , Merkulova Tatyana I , Kzhyshkowska Julia
Published: November 2024

A growing body of evidences indicates that nonglycemic effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors play an important role in the protective effects of these drugs in diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. In recent years, the anti-inflammatory potential of SGLT2 inhibitors has been actively studied. This review summarizes results of clinical and experimental studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of SGLT2 inhibitors, with a special focus on their effects on macrophages, key drivers of metabolic inflammation. In patients with type 2 diabetes, therapy with SGLT2 inhibitors reduces levels of inflammatory mediators. In diabetic and non-diabetic animal models, SGLT2 inhibitors control low-grade inflammation by suppressing inflammatory activation of tissue macrophages, recruitment of monocytes from the bloodstream, and macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype. The molecular mechanisms of the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on macrophages include an attenuation of inflammasome activity and inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway, as well as modulation of other signaling pathways (AMPK, PI3K/Akt, ERK 1/2-MAPK, and JAKs/STAT). The review discusses the state-of-the-art concepts and prospects of further investigations that are needed to get a deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the molecular, cellular and physiological levels.
Current Status and Significance of Additional Vaccination with COVID-19 Vaccine in Japan – Consideration from Antibody Levels from Hybrid Immunity and Public Perception
Authors: Kusunoki Hiroshi
Published: November 2024

This report examines the evolving role of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in Japan, especially in light of reduced public concern following the reclassification of COVID-19 as a Category 5 infectious disease in May 2023. With over half of the population estimated to have hybrid immunity from prior infections and vaccinations, this report evaluates the necessity and frequency of additional booster doses. Despite strong recommendations from Japanese medical societies to continue vaccinations, public skepticism remains due to financial burdens, adverse reactions, and the perceived limited benefit of frequent boosters. Studies of antibody responses reveal that individuals with hybrid immunity maintain robust protection, with significantly elevated antibody titers that persist over extended periods. Case studies indicate durable immunity among individuals who have both been vaccinated and experienced breakthrough infections, raising questions about the need for uniform booster policies. This report also discusses the newly approved replicon-type vaccines, currently available only in Japan, which have generated public and professional debate regarding their efficacy and safety.A more personalized approach to vaccination—taking into account antibody titers, prior infection history, and individual choice—is recommended. Ultimately, this report underscores the importance of aligning vaccination policies with scientific evidence and public sentiment to optimize COVID-19 countermeasures in Japan.
Numerical Investigation and Design Optimization of Centrifugal Water Pump with Splitter Blades Using Response Surface Method
Authors: Abuan Justin , Honra Jaime
Published: November 2024

The use of centrifugal pumps for water supply and distribution applications is evident in every industry as they efficiently transport fluid from a certain point. However, the sector faces severe concerns regarding its operating efficiency due to accumulated losses and sudden power consumption growth. Thus, it is crucial to find a remedy to mitigate these concerns and improve the performance of the centrifugal pump. This study aims to provide an improved design of centrifugal water pumps by analyzing the effects of changing its design parameters. Splitter blades, with a length of 80% of the main blade, will be included in the design. Using ANSYS software to generate a baseline design model, CFD analysis will be conducted. Then, an optimization study will be performed using the Response Surface Method (RSM) to formulate an optimized design. Results indicate that finding a perfect balance between the placement of the splitter blades, the design of the volute tongue clearance and thickness, and configuring the ellipse ratio of the splitter blades improves the pump's performance. The optimal design results in 27.35%, 15.70%, 28.18%, 16.67%, and 8.36% improvement in total efficiency, total head, static efficiency, static head, and power consumption, respectively.
The “Culture” of Organs: A Holistic Theory on the Origins of the Cancer Tissue Environment
Authors: Rehnke Robert Dickerson
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For over a century the somatic gene mutation theory of cancer has been a scientific orthodoxy. Recent failures of causal explanations using this theory and lack of significant progress in addressing the cancer problem medically have led to a new competition of ideas about just what cancer is. This essay presents an alternative view of cancer as a developmental process gone wrong. More particularly, cancer is a break down in the autopoietic process of organ maintenance and the multi-cellular coordination of tissues. Breast cancer is viewed through a systems science perspective as an example of the importance of framing one’s theoretical assumptions before making empirical judgments. Finally, new understanding of the histoarchitecture of the interstitium is presented as a first principle of cancer: a process of cells coming from cells, invading the space between cells.
Fermented Palm Kernel Cake Enhances In Vitro digestion of Tropical Forage fibers and Reduces Methane Production
Authors: Ibarra-Rondón Aldo Jesús , Fragoso-Castilla Pedro José , Rubiano-Orozco Luís Antonio , Durán-Sequeda Dinary Eloisa , Barahona-Rosales Rolando , Mojica-Rodríguez José Edwin
Published: November 2024

Agro-industrial lignocellulosic waste can be bioconverted to fungal biomass and then utilized as a high nutritional value food alternative for ruminants, with potential for ruminal methane (CH4) mitigation. This study was carried out to evaluate the changes in the enzymatic expression and nutritional value of palm kernel cake fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus (FPKC), as well as the differences in the in vitro fermentation parameters and methane production in diets based on tropical forages with the inclusion of 20% FPKC. The highest activity of laccases and cellulases occurred on day 13 with values of 0.75 ± 0.09 U/g and 266.7 ± 20.8 U/g; respectively. The biological pretreatment decreased the contents of (p< 0.05) neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin (LIG) by 29%, 20.5% and 46.6% respectively, while those of crude protein (CP) increased by 69.65%. The inclusion of FPKC resulted in increases (p
Navigating the Ethical Horizon: Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content and the Imperative for Transparency and Ethics
Authors: Mohamed Elsir , Abbasher Mathani Hassan , Mohamed Mohanad Alamin
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence is one of the fast-growing fields of science and technology. Exponential growth in AI has increased the number of AI content developers and users significantly, thereby impacting society and its functioning. This research is an attempt to delve deep into the multifaceted nature of AI content and its impact on society. The review aims to shed light on the most critical research articles and papers in the area of ethics of artificial intelligence, machine ethics, and AI-generated content. The authors mean to underline the essential creation of ethical frameworks about AI content production at different levels: journalism, art, and marketing. This also comprises the appeal for transparency during the development and deployment of AI and the requirement of ethics frames that would foster responsible use. Finally, case studies are conducted to illustrate how the formulated guidelines and mechanisms work in real life. It points out, however, that the transference of these high-level AI ethics principles into practice, with a view to their implementation for AI-generated journalism, is not without noteworthy challenges.
Sensor-Based Frailty Assessment Using Fitbit
Authors: Hosseinalizadeh Mohammad , Asghari Mehran , Toosizadeh Nima
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates the reliability of Fitbit in assessing frailty based on motor and heart rate (HR) parameters through a validated upper extremity function (UEF) test, which involves 20 seconds of rapid elbow flexion. For motor performance, participants completed six trials of full elbow flexion using their right arm, with and without weight. Fitbit and a commercial motion sensor were worn on the right arm. For HR measurements, an ECG system was placed on the left chest alongside the Fitbit on the left wrist. Motor parameters assessing speed, flexibility, weakness, exhaustion, and HR before, during, and after UEF were measured. A total of 42 participants (age=22.022.67) were recruited. For motor parameters, excellent agreement was observed between the wearable sensor and Fitbit, except for flexibility (ICC=0.870.09). For HR parameters, ICC values showed weak agreement between ECG and Fitbit for HR increase and recovery (ICC=0.240.11), while moderate to stronger agreement was seen for mean HR during baseline, task, and post-task (ICC=0.810.13). Fitbit is a reliable tool for assessing frailty through motor parameters and provides reasonably accurate HR estimates during baseline, task, and recovery periods. However, Fitbit ability to track rapid HR changes during activity is limited.
Protein Corona on Nanoparticles for Tumor Targeting in Prostate Cancer. Review of the Literature and Experimental Trial Protocol
Authors: Bevilacqua Giulio , Corvino Roberta , Capriotti Anna Laura , Montone Carmela Maria , Moriconi Martina , Salciccia Stefano , Brunelli Valentina , Santarelli Valerio , Sciarra Beatrice , Lagana' Aldo , Santini Daniele , SCIARRA ALESSANDRO , Gentilucci Alessandro
Published: November 2024

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) recognizes the potential of technologies based on the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in revolutionizing clinical approaches in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Recent research suggests that once NPs come into contact with a biological fluid of cancer patients, they are covered by proteins, forming a "protein corona", composed of hundreds of plasma proteins. The concept of a personalized, disease-specific protein corona, demonstrating substantial differences in NP corona profiles between cancer and non-cancer patients has been introduced. We developed the design of an experimental prospective single center study with patients allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio of one of three arms: untreated patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); untreated patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer (PCa); metastatic prostate cancer patients starting systemic therapies with new androgen-targeted agents or taxanes.. The protocol will aim to develop and implement sensitive nanotools with two distinct objectives. First, by designing NPs capable of selectively binding and detecting biomarkers in order to build a predictive diagnostic model to effectively discriminate between patient sera affected by BPH and PCa. Secondly, within the population with PCa, in case of initial advanced metastatic diagnosis, the objective will be to find biomarkers capable of predicting the response to systemic treatments to improve the precision and efficiency of monitoring treatment outcomes. For protein and metabolite corona experiments, we developed a cross-reactive sensor array platform with cancer detection capacity made of three liposomal formulations with different surface charges. For proteomics-NPs studies, proteins will be identified and quantified by nano-high-performance LC (nanoHPLC) coupled to MS/MS (nanoHPLC−MS/MS). Metabolites will be instead analyzed by an untargeted metabolomic approach.
Exploring the Antidiabetic Potential of Black Elderberry Flower Extracts: Phytochemical Profile and Enzyme Inhibition
Authors: Studzińska-Sroka Elżbieta , Paczkowska-Walendowska Magdalena , Kledzik Justyna , Galanty Agnieszka , Gościniak Anna , Szulc Piotr , Korybalska Katarzyna , Cielecka-Piontek Judyta
Published: November 2024

Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) flowers are rich in polyphenolic compounds, including chlorogenic acid and quercetin derivatives, which are known for their health benefits, particularly antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to optimize the extraction conditions using the Box-Behnken model to maximize polyphenol yields from different elderberry flower varieties and to evaluate their potential for antidiabetic action. The extracts were analyzed for their phytochemical content and assessed for enzyme inhibition, specifically targeting enzymes critical in carbohydrate digestion and glucose regulation. The anti-inflammatory activity was also assessed. Results indicated that the Black Beauty, Obelisk, and Haschberg varieties demonstrated significant inhibition of α-glucosidase, with a high inhibitory potential against α-amylase enzymes for Obelisk variety. Additionally, high chlorogenic acid content strongly correlated with enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity, suggesting its substantial role in glucose regulation. The study underscores the potential of elderberry flower extracts, particularly those rich in chlorogenic acid, as natural agents for managing blood glucose levels, warranting further exploration of their use in antidiabetic applications.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Atrial Fibrillation: Needs Strong Pharmacological Approach
Authors: Mauriello Alfredo , Correra Adriana , Molinari Riccardo , Del Vecchio Gerardo Elia , Tessitore Viviana , D'Andrea Antonello , Russo Vincenzo
Published: November 2024

Despite great progress in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF), especially with the development of increasingly effective invasive techniques, many questions remain unanswered regarding the pathogenic mechanism of the arrhythmia and its prevention methods. The development of AF is based on anatomical and functional changes in the myocardium that result from disturbed ion flows and altered electrophysiology of the cardiomyocyte. Electrical instability and electrical remodeling underlying arrhythmia may result from oxidative stress, caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AF is not yet completely clarified; however, it is emphasized by the reduction of AF burden after therapeutic interventions that improve mitochondrial well-being. This selected review aims to summarize the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction related to AF and current pharmacological treatment options tar-geting mitochondria to prevent or improve the outcome of AF.
Considerations on Novel Network Edge Physical Nodes Architectures Leveraging A Bottom-Up Technology-Centric Approach Empowered by Micro/Nanotechnologies (MEMS/NEMS) and Federated Learning
Authors: Iannacci Jacopo , Bhuyan Manasjyoti , Sarma Kandarpa Kumar , Sharma Purabi , Misra Aradhana , Misra Debashis Dev , Guha Koushik
Published: November 2024

The forthcoming paradigms of 6G, Future Networks (FN) and Super-Internet of Things (IoT), will bring disruption at various levels of the physical infrastructure. This work focuses on the network edge, stressing how the forecasted proliferation and technology innovation of the physical systems at the boundary of the network (edge), will pose crucial issues to be addressed in the next years. In particular, the continuity from the edge to the core of the network will be addressed, suggesting unprecedented design and development approaches. Along such a direction, the impact of Micro and Nanotechnologies as a Key Enabling Technology (KET) for the network edge of the future is sketched, including numerous examples of already existing micro/nano devices, components and systems. Afterwards, a practical study of how improving hardware technologies at the edge can be beneficial in terms of more efficient operation is reported. To this end, scattered intelligence shall be a key enabler with federated learning at the base station providing decisive assistance to adaptive downlink beamforming codebook design for mmWave massive MIMO set-ups as essential ingredients for enhanced link reliability in edge networks.
Analysis of Volatile Compounds in a Value-Added Jerky by Incorporating Ajwain and Thyme Essential Oils
Authors: Anit Elaine , Hernández Helga , Banout Jan , Urbanová Klára
Published: November 2024

Ajwain essential oil (AEO) and Thyme essential oil (TEO) naturally contain bioactive compounds important for its growth and development. Various researchers have discovered that these compounds contribute biological benefits for living things such as humans and animals. Bioactive compounds found in essential oils, such as terpenes and terpenoids, possess antibacterial and flavouring qualities, making them promising natural preservatives in the food business. This study investigates the effect of essential oil treatment methods on their incorporation into dehydrated beef and its subsequent sensory acceptability. The meat samples underwent hot air blanching (HAB) and oil treatment (OT) with doses of 0.75 mL and 1.5 mL, respectively. Subsequently, the samples were dried at 55 °C for 6 hours after each treatment. The identification and quantification of volatile chemicals were performed using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thymol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, and β-pinene were the predominant compounds before and after the treatments. The findings revealed that the application of AEO and TEO treatments resulted in significant differences in the final concentration of the monoterpenes. However, the sensory evaluation indicated that the ajwain and thyme EO samples received similar overall ratings. Consequently, ajwain essential oil could be a suitable alternative to thyme in beef jerky.
Research on Fincial Fraud Detection based on Deep Graph Neural Network
Authors: Li Ningxin , Xu Lidong , Zhang Xuyang , Zou Jianke
Published: November 2024

Financial fraud refers to the act of obtaining financial benefits through dishonest means. Such acts not only disrupt the order of the financial market, but also harm social and economic development, and breed other illegal and criminal acts. With the proliferation of the internet and online payment methods, many fraudulent activities and money laundering have shifted from offline to online, posing a significant challenge for regulators. In this work, we proposed a novel detection model by utilizing the graph neural network. Specifically, the general model structure includes the combination of Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) and Graph Attention Network (GAT), which can effectively capture the complex relationships and features in the financial transaction network. By building a multilayer graph neural network, the model can perform deep learning on the implicit patterns between nodes, thereby improving the accuracy of fraud detection. Experimental analysis results show that the performance of the proposed method on multiple public datasets is better than that of traditional methods, showing its potential in practical application.
Numerical Analysis on Sliding-Type Transverse Splicing Connection Applied in Widening Continuous Concrete Box-Girder Bridge
Authors: Wu Wenqing , Cao Chong , Wu Yuqin , Liu Jiyang , Liu Dan , Chen Liang , Liu Zheng
Published: November 2024

When traditional joint structures are used to widen multi-span continuous concrete box girder bridges, excessive lateral deformation often occurs at the girder ends, typically leading to the squeezing and cracking of seismic blocks by the girder webs. To address these technical challenges, this paper investigates a new type of slide-rail lateral joint structure that can create a longitudinal sliding effect between two bridge decks of the old and new bridge box girders, thereby effectively reducing the lateral deformation at the girder ends. First, this paper employs the finite element method to conduct a numerical analysis of a real-world bridge widen-ing project, exploring the working mechanism and application feasibility of this novel connection method. The results show that, in the case study, if the traditional joint method is used, the lateral displacement at the girder ends can reach up to 40mm after three years of widening. However, when the slide-rail joint structure is employed, the lateral displacement at the girder ends is limited to no more than 6mm. This demonstrates that the new joint method can indeed effectively address the issue of excessive lateral deformation at the ends of the widened struc-ture. Second, given that the slide-rail lateral joint structure is a relatively precise engineering structure, this paper exam-ines the lateral load transfer mechanism under loads such as wheel loads and foundation settlement differences. It discusses the load-bearing characteristics of various components, including square steel pipes, lateral connection rebars, concrete flange plates, and embedded rebars. Finally, through a parameter sensitivity analysis, it is found that the torsional stiffness of the square steel pipes is a critical parameter for ensuring the load-bearing capacity of the structure. Therefore, it is recommended to set the wall thickness of the square steel pipes to 5mm. Based on these research findings, this paper theoretically demon-strates that the new slide-rail lateral joint structure can effectively solve the technical challenges encountered dur-ing the lateral joint widening of multi-span long-span concrete continuous box girder bridges, providing a new solution for this field.
Gender-Specific Malnutrition and Muscle Depletion in Gastric and Colorectal Cancer: Role of Dietary Intake in a Jordanian Cohort
Authors: Al-Bayyari Nahla , Hailat Marah , Baylin Ana
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study aims to assess malnutrition and muscle mass depletion risk in gastrointestinal cancer patients, exploring differences between gastric and colorectal cancer, with a focus on gender-specific variations and dietary intake. It also examines whether muscle depletion mediates the relationship between dietary intake and malnutrition risk. Methods: 100 Jordanian pre-operative gastrointestinal cancer patients (60 male, 40 female) with gastric or colorectal cancer were assessed for malnutrition risk using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and for muscle depletion using fat-free mass index (FFMI) and mid-upper arm muscle area (MUAMA). Results: the study found that 80% (95% CI: 0.708 - 0.873 ) of patients were at high risk for malnutrition, with over 60% experiencing severe muscle loss. Gastric cancer patients had a higher, though not statistically significant, malnutrition risk (90.2% vs. 72.9%) and muscle depletion compared to colorectal cancer patients. Significant gender-specific differences in muscle depletion via FFMI (P = 0.012) and via MUAMA (P = 0.028) were also noted, especially in females with gastric cancer. Patients' dietary intake was significantly (P < 0.001) below recommended levels for energy, protein, carbohydrates, fiber, and essential fatty acids, which was associated with higher malnutrition risk, muscle depletion, low BMI (<18.5 kg/m²), and significant weight loss (>10%). Low dietary intake was strongly linked to increased malnutrition risk and muscle depletion, with muscle loss partially mediating (b = 0.4972, P < 0.0001) the relationship between poor dietary intake and malnutrition risk. Additionally, higher muscle mass was protective against malnutrition (OR = 16.0, 95% CI: 1.706 – 150.507), and cancer type was a significant predictor of malnutrition risk (OR = 14.4, 95% CI: 1.583 – 130.867). Conclusions: Malnutrition risks and significant muscle loss are common in GI cancer patients, highlighting the urgent need for tailored nutrition care plans and lifestyle modifications.
Racial Disparities in Antipsychotic Prescribing among Foster Youth: A Single Institution Study
Authors: Durette Lisa
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Youth in foster care are highly vulnerable to psychiatric medication overuse and polypharmacy, particularly concerning the racial disparities affecting antipsychotic prescriptions. This study investigates the racial patterns in antipsychotic prescribing to African American versus European American foster youth at a single mental health institution in Southern Nevada, identifying key disparities in treatment.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1,507 foster youth patients aged 3-19 years who attended an outpatient behavioral health clinic from 2013 to 2020. Demographic data were collected, and chi-square analyses were applied to evaluate the association between socially defined race and antipsychotic prescriptions.
Results: Of the total clinic patients, 105 received atypical antipsychotic prescriptions, with African American youth overrepresented in this group compared to the clinic's general foster population (X2 (3, N = 105) = 1,672.9, p < .01). European American and other races were underrepresented.
Conclusions: The data highlight racial disparities in prescribing practices, with African American foster youth significantly more likely to receive atypical antipsychotic medications. Addressing provider and caregiver biases may mitigate these disparities, emphasizing the need for culturally competent clinical care.
Optimal Dosing and Administration of Sublingual Methylcobalamin for Childhood Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Authors: Aydın Sultan , İslamoglu Suheyla Ceren , Oz Ayse
Published: November 2024

Background: Effective and timely treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency in childhood is crucial because it can lead to serious issues, including delayed growth and neuromotor development. Available treatment options include oral, intramuscular, and sublingual administration.
Aim: This study investigated the efficacy of a new dosing protocol for sublingual methylcobalamin.
Materials and Methods: In total, 312 patients with vitamin B12 deficiency (serum level < 250 ng/L) were retrospectively enrolled between September 2022 and April 2023. The patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment type: intramuscular cyanocobalamin (Group 1) and sublingual methylcobalamin (Group 2). Group 1 included 29 (9.3%) patients and Group 2 included 283 (90.7%) patients, with 56 (18%) patients in Group 2 undergoing treatment for childhood cancer. The sublingual methylcobalamin protocol consisted of 1 puff (500 μg) daily for children under 8 years of age and 2 puffs (1000 μg) daily for those 8 years and older, administered for 1.5 months and then three times weekly for an additional 1.5 months. The efficacy of this protocol was compared to the standard intramuscular cyanocobalamin regimen.
Results: The mean ages in Groups 1 and 2 were 10.07 ± 6.05 years (range, 1–17 years) and 7.43 ± 5.86 years (range, 0.1–17 years), respectively. The female/male ratio was 19/10 in Group 1 and 145/138 in Group 2. The most common diagnoses were anaemia (72, 22.9%), cancer (56, 18.0%), and haemangioma (40, 12.7%). The median serum levels of vitamin B12 in Group 1 were 177 ng/L before treatment, 447 ng/L after 1.5 months, and 321.5 ng/L after 3 months. In Group 2, the levels were 172 ng/L before treatment, 438 ng/L after 1.5 months, and 360 ng/L after 3 months. There were no significant between-group differences. Both groups showed a statistically significant increase in levels above 300 ng/L. In Group 2, the haemoglobin and red blood cell levels showed statistically significant changes, while the mean corpuscular volume, white blood cell count, and platelet count did not substantially change in either group.
Conclusion: Sublingual methylcobalamin, a noninvasive treatment option, was as effective as intramuscular cyanocobalamin. This study is the first to compare the standard intramuscular protocol with a new dosing regimen for sublingual methylcobalamin. Sublingual methylcobalamin should be considered an effective alternative, particularly for patients with absorption issues that make oral vitamin B12 insufficient and for those in whom intramuscular administration carries a risk of muscle and sciatic nerve damage.
Rapid Vehicle Trajectory Prediction Based on Multi-Attention Mechanism for Fusing Multimodal Information
Authors: Ge Likun , Wang Shuting , Wang Guangqi
Published: November 2024

Trajectory prediction plays a crucial role in autonomous driving tasks, as accurately and rapidly predicting the future trajectories of traffic participants can significantly enhance the safety and robustness of autonomous driving systems. This paper presents a novel trajectory prediction model that follows the encoder-decoder paradigm, achieving precise and rapid predictions of future vehicle trajectories by efficiently aggregating the spatiotemporal and interaction information of agents in traffic scenarios. We propose an agent-agent interaction information extraction module based on a sparse graph attention mechanism, which enables efficient aggregation of interaction information between agents. Additionally, we introduce a non-autoregressive query generation method that accelerates model inference speed by generating decoding queries in parallel. Comparative experiments with existing advanced algorithms show that our method improves the multimodal trajectory prediction metrics minADE, minFDE, and MR by an average of 9.1%, 11.8%, and 14.6%, respectively, while the inference time is only 33.7% of the average time taken by other algorithms. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the various modules proposed in this paper through ablation studies.
Entropic cosmology based on modified Sharma-Mittal entropy on the cosmological horizon of the Universe
Authors: Kolesnichenko Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: November 2024

In the framework of entropic cosmology, several scenarios of the evolution of the Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) Universe are considered, based on a new modification of the non-additive Sharma-Mittal and Renyi entropy measures on the cosmological horizon. This is done by replacing in the original logarithmic formulas for these entropies, the Tsallis entropy by the Barrow entropy associated with the modification of the horizon surface due to quantum gravitational effects. Several versions of the generalised multi-parametric FRW equations have been constructed, which can serve as an effective theoretical basis for describing the accelerating phase of the expansion of the late Universe. In the considered model there is no mutual interaction between the black components of the cosmos. The proposed approach, based on the use of non-additive extensive entropic measures on the cosmological horizon, meets the well-known requirements for thermodynamic modelling of the dynamical evolution of the Universe without involving the concept of hypothetical dark energy, but using the antigravity effect of entropic forces. The obtained results show that the generalised entropic formalism can open new possibilities for a deeper insight into the nature of spacetime and its fractal properties.
Análisis de la cadena de valor del sotol artesanal en Delicias, Chihuahua
Authors: Barragán Aviles Cristian Alonso , Hernández Ortiz Juan
Published: November 2024

El consumo de sotol tiene gran aceptación en el norte de México, pues se producen alrededor de 500 000 litros anuales. Esta industria presenta un crecimiento del 5 % anual, por lo que el objetivo del estudio es el análisis de la cadena de valor del sotol artesanal analizando cada uno de los procesos (eslabones) que conforman el sistema producto del sotol para sugerir estrategias a los productores de Delicias, Chihuahua, a fin de incrementar sus ingresos e identificar oportunidades de mejoras. Se realizaron 20 encuestas a productores del municipio y se concluyó que la cadena de valor tiene una estructura simple, la falta de una estrategia de organización y cuenta con una denominación de origen que garantiza la identidad y elaboración de un sabor original y único.
Distal Nerve Transfers for Restoration of Finger Flexion and Extension in Klumpke Birth Palsy
Authors: Chim Harvey
Published: November 2024

Case:

Traditional surgical intervention for brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) has involved proximal nerve grafting. At the age of 6 months, an infant with Klumpke birth palsy had not recovered finger flexion and extension. He underwent extensor carpi radialis brevis to anterior interosseous nerve and supinator-to-posterior interosseous nerve transfers. Three months postoperatively, he was noted to have recovery of finger flexion and extension which continued to improve to 18 months postoperative follow-up.

Conclusion:

This case shows effectiveness of early surgical intervention using distal nerve transfers, as opposed to traditional proximal nerve grafting, for reanimating the hand in BPBI.
Electric Bicycle Battery Charging System Design Using Solar Panel
Authors: Pratama Mochamad Rendi , Jamaaluddin Jamaaluddin , Sulistiyowati Indah
Published: November 2024

This solar-powered electric bicycle charging system design and development uses solar panels as a renewable energy source to charge the battery, which drives the electric motor. The system consists of four main components: solar panel, solar charge controller, battery, and electric motor. The solar panels are connected in parallel to generate 36V, which is then stored in the battery. The system is designed to optimize energy harvesting and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Testing was conducted with research stages, including system design, hardware implementation, and testing. The results show that the system can charge the battery efficiently, with a charging time of 3 hours. The system was also tested under different conditions, including morning, afternoon, and night, to evaluate its performance. It can be concluded that the solar-powered electric bicycle charging system is a viable alternative to traditional fossil fuel-based systems. The system is environmentally friendly, reduces energy dependence, and provides a sustainable solution for transportation. The results of this research can be used to develop a more efficient and sustainable transportation system.
Reducing Pain on A Severe Scale After Caesarean Section Surgery With LI 4 and HT 7 Acupressure
Authors: Hanum Sri Mukhodim Faridah , Firdausi Zahro
Published: November 2024

Pain after caesarean section surgery is a physiological symptom that is usually experienced by postpartum mothers. This pain can be treated in various ways, including acupressure. The combination of giving acupressure at points LI 4 and HT 7 can reduce the pain scale of post-operative and post-operative mothers. Objective: To determine the effect of LI 4 and HT 7 acupressure on reducing the pain scale after SC. Method: This research is a quasi-experimental research with a one-group pretest and posttest design. The sample for this research is 23 postpartum mothers with a consecutive sampling technique. The data collection technique uses a list of questions or a questionnaire with NRS. The accumulated data will be analyzed using the paired T-test. The results of the paired T-testshowed a p-value = 0.000, meaning that there was a significant difference in the reduction in pain scale before and after the intervention. There is an effect of giving acupressure points LI 4 and HT 7 on reducing the pain scale after SectioCesarea surgery.
Efficacy of Liposome-Encapsulated Vancomycin Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Erdene Enkhtaivan , Munkhjargal Odonchimeg , Dorjbal Enkhjargal , Oidov Baatarkhuu , Byambaa Ariunsanaa
Published: November 2024

Bacterial infections significantly contribute to global morbidity and mortality, with antibiotic-resistant strains, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), presenting severe treatment challenges. This study investigates the potential of liposome-encapsulated vancomycin as a novel treatment to combat antibiotic resistance. Phospholipids were extracted from egg yolk, and liposomes were prepared using the freeze-thaw method. The liposome-encapsulated vancomycin formulation was characterized using infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the structural integrity and purity of the phospholipids, while AFM revealed a uniform liposome size, with an average diameter of 157 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.0442, indicating high stability and suitability for drug delivery. The antibacterial efficacy of liposome-encapsulated vancomycin was tested against MRSA and Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrating that the encapsulated vancomycin inhibited bacterial growth at doses significantly lower than free vancomycin. Liposome-encapsulated vancomycin achieved 100% inhibition of MRSA and S. aureus at higher dilutions, while free vancomycin was only partially effective. These findings highlight the enhanced potential of liposome-based drug delivery in reducing bacterial load and overcoming antibiotic resistance. The study emphasizes the promise of nanotechnology in improving antibiotic efficacy, offering a potential solution to the global health crisis posed by antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
Men’s views on factors contributing to their poor health-seeking behavior in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Chavalala Lazarros , Lebese Rachele Tsakane , Makhado Lufuno
Published: November 2024

Background
The reasons for men not to seek healthcare seem similar across the world. They avoid going for regular medical check-ups, and preventive care and often disregard symptoms or delay seeking medical attention when sick, in pain, or even when their lives are in danger.
Methods
This study sought to explore the views of men on factors contributing to poor health-seeking behavior among men in Mopani, Vhembe, and Capricorn district municipalities. A qualitative descriptive design was used and individual semi-structured interviews were used to collect data in May and June 2024 from 21 men who were purposively selected. Collected data were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. Tech’s eight steps were used to analyze data and guide the development of emerged main themes and sub-themes. Trustworthiness was ensured through credibility, confirmability, dependability, and transferability. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Venda research ethics committee with Ethics Approval Number: FHS/21/PH/26/1215
Results
Self-medication, fear of knowing own health status, peer and community elders influence, stigma and masculinity beliefs were among the reasons participants avoided utilizing health services. Educational and health promotional campaigns, challenging societal norms, and employing more nurses were suggested as strategies to improve men’s health-seeking behavior.
Conclusions:
It is evident from the findings that there are several factors that act as barriers for men to seek health care services at public health facilities. There is a need to challenge societal views of men and masculinity beliefs to improve men’s health-seeking behavior.
Dengue epidemiology and molecular identification of vector mosquitoes (Aedes sp.) in Mizoram, Northeast India
Authors: Ramliana Van , Vanlalawmpuii Ralte , Rosangkima Gabriel , Pautu Lalfakzuala , Ropuia Hun , Kumar Nachimuthu S. , Lalthanzara Hmar
Published: November 2024

Background
Dengue is the most important arboviral disease, and Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the major vectors. It is one of the most recent emerging diseases in Mizoram state with a fast-growing burden over the years. The present study aimed to explore the epidemiological patterns of dengue in Mizoram, and to identify vector mosquito species. Methods
In the present study, two years secondary data of dengue disease in Mizoram was studied. Dengue vector mosquitoes and dengue virus serotypes circulating in vector mosquitoes in Aizawl City were identified by real-time RT-PCR and C-prM gene sequence analysis.
Results
In Mizoram State, the annual case prevalence of dengue was found to be 300.45 per 100,000 persons. Seasonality of the disease was also noted, with the peak season occurring from July to December. There is a significant positive relationship between age and the disease prevalence. DENV was detected in 10 pools of Ae. aegypti with a minimum infection rate (MIR) of 23.04, and 8 pools of Ae. albopictus with a minimum infection rate of 18.51. The viral isolates were found to correspond to serotypes 2 (DENV2) and 3 (DENV3). DENV2 serotype was more common, and co-infection with DENV2 and DENV3 was also detected in one locality.
Conclusions
There is an increasing trend in dengue infection in Mizoram, and seasonality of the disease was observed with the peak season during July to December. The higher incidence rate among the adults indicates that outdoor activities could be related to the high risk of the infection. Early identification and frequent monitoring of infected vector mosquitoes will yield an early warning indicator for forecasting dengue epidemics in the future.