bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glacial-interglacial contrasts in the marine inorganic carbon chemistry of the Benguela Upwelling System
Authors: Karancz Szabina , de Nooijer Lennart J. , van der Wagt Bas , van der Meer Marcel T. J. , Misra Sambuddha , Hennekam Rick , Erdem Zeynep , Lattaud Julie , Haghipour Negar , Schouten Stefan , Reichart Gert-Jan
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Upwelling regions are dynamic systems where relatively cold, nutrient- and CO2-rich waters reach to the surface from the deep. CO2 sink or source properties of these regions are dependent not only on the dissolved inorganic carbon content of the upwelled waters, but also on the efficiency of the biological carbon pump that provides constraint on the drawdown of pCO2 in the surface waters. The Benguela Upwelling System (BUS) is a major upwelling region with one of the most productive marine ecosystems today. However, contrasting signals reported on the variation in upwelling intensities based on, for instance, foraminiferal and radiolarian indices from this region over the last glacial cycle indicate that a complete understanding of (local) changes is currently lacking. To reconstruct changes in the CO2 history of the Northern Benguela upwelling region over the last 27 ka BP, we used a box core (64PE450-BC6) and piston core (64PE450-PC8) from the Walvis Ridge. Here, we apply various temperature and pCO2-proxies, representing both surface (UKʹ 37, δ13C of alkenones) and intermediate depth (Mg/Ca, B/Ca, S/Mg, δ11B in planktonic foraminiferal shells) processes. Reconstructed pCO2 records suggest enhanced storage of carbon at depth during the last glacial maximum. The offset between δ13C of planktonic (high δ13C) and benthic foraminifera (low δ13C) suggests an evidence of a more efficient biological carbon pump, potentially fuelled by remote and local iron supply through aeolian transport and dissolution in the shelf regions, effectively preventing release of the stored glacial CO2.
The Vlasiator 5.2 Ionosphere – Coupling a magnetospheric hybrid-Vlasov simulation with a height-integrated ionosphere model
Authors: Ganse Urs , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Zhou Hongyang , Juusola Liisa , Workayehu Abiyot , Kebede Fasil , Papadakis Konstantinos , Grandin Maxime , Alho Markku , Battarbee Markus , Dubart Maxime , Kotipalo Leo , Lalagüe Arnaud , Suni Jonas , Horaites Konstantinos , Palmroth Minna
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Simulations of the coupled ionosphere-magnetosphere system are a key tool to understand geospace and its response to space weather. For the most part, they are based on fluid descriptions of plasma (magnetohydrodynamics, MHD) formalism, coupled an electrostatic ionosphere. Kinetic approaches to modeling the global magnetosphere with a coupled ionosphere system are still a rarity.We present an ionospheric boundary model for the global near-Earth plasma simulation system Vlasiator. It complements the magnetospheric hybrid-Vlasov simulations with an inner boundary condition that solves the ionospheric potential based on field-aligned current and plasma quantities from the magnetospheric domain. This new ionospheric module solves the ionospheric potential in a height-integrated approach on an unstructured grid and couples back to the hybrid-kinetic simulation by mapping the resulting electric field to the magnetosphere's inner boundary.The solver is benchmarked against a set of well-established analytic reference cases, and we discuss the benefits of a spherical Fibonacci mesh for use in ionospheric modeling. Preliminary results from coupled global magnetospheric-ionospheric simulations are presented, showing formation of both Region 1 and Region 2 current systems.
A Joint Reconstruction and Model Selection Approach for Large Scale Inverse Modeling
Authors: Sabaté Landman Malena , Chung Julianne , Jiang Jiahua , Miller Scot , Saibaba Arvind
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Inverse models arise in various environmental applications, ranging from atmospheric modeling to geosciences. Inverse models can often incorporate predictor variables, similar to regression, to help estimate natural processes or parameters of interest from observed data. Although a large set of possible predictor variables may be included in these inverse or regression models, a core challenge is to identify a small number of predictor variables that are most informative of the model, given limited observations. This problem is typically referred to as model selection. A variety of criterion-based approaches are commonly used for model selection, but most follow a two-step process: first, select predictors using some statistical criteria, and second, solve the inverse or regression problem with these predictor variables. The first step typically requires comparing all possible combinations of candidate predictors, which quickly becomes computationally prohibitive, especially for large-scale problems. In this work, we develop a one-step approach, where model selection and the inverse model are performed in tandem. We reformulate the problem so that the selection of a small number of relevant predictor variables is achieved via a sparsity-promoting prior. Then, we describe hybrid iterative projection methods based on flexible Krylov subspace methods for efficient optimization.  These approaches are well-suited for large-scale problems with many candidate predictor variables. We evaluate our results against traditional, criteria-based approaches. We also demonstrate the applicability and potential benefits of our approach using examples from atmospheric inverse modeling based on NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) satellite.
Historical Background of Paleo Mega Lake of Rey
Authors: Jarahi Hadi
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Over the past decade, a vast ancient Lake has been discovered in the central region of Iran, known as the Paleo Mega Lake of Rey (PAMELA). Considering that the presence of water in the lake coincides with the existence of human civilizations in the region, it is expected that references to this lake may be found in ancient Iranian texts. In this paper, we aim to meticulously examine the provided data while accurately pinpointing the geographical locations, names, and relevant regions connected to this lake. For this purpose, the majority of historical texts, travelogues, city histories, royal biographies, and other available sources have been reviewed. In general, with reference to the mentioned historical texts, it becomes evident that in many ancient texts, the PAMLEA has been mentioned by names like the Faraxkurt Lake and Saveh Lake. Numerous ancient sites and structures in the vicinity of the lake have been identified. Additionally, significant data related to periods when the lake was filled with water has been acquired. Consequently, there is no longer any room for uncertainty regarding the presence of the lake during the era when humans resided in the territory of Iran.
Efek Peningkatan Ketebalan Lapisan Lasan Elektroda HV 350 terhadap Kekerasan dan Laju Korosi
Authors: Sopiyan  , Syaripuddin  , Muhammad Syahriza Irshandy  , Ferry Budhi Susetyo
Published: July 2024

Hardfacing dengan menggunakan proses las busur listrik saat ini banyak diimplementasikan pada komponen alat berat. Proses hardfacing ini menggunakan elektroda komersial yang diaplikasikan dengan ketebalan yang berbeda-beda. Ketebalan lapisan yang terbentuk akan memiliki sifat berbeda-beda. Untuk itu dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan proses hardfacing dengan beberapa lapis menggunakan elektroda komersial (HV350). Lapisan yang terbentuk akan dilakukan uji kekerasan serta korosi. Selain itu, struktur makro dan distorsi pada sampel juga akan diselidiki. Semakin tebal lapisan maka akan semakin besar distorsi yang terjadi, semakin keras permukaan lapisan dan semakin turun laju korosinya. Pada sampel yang paling tebal terjadi distorsi yang paling besar yaitu 5°, nilai kekerasan permukaan yang paling besar yaitu 284,02 HV, nilai kekerasan penampang melintang yang paling besar yaitu 272.8 HV dan nilai ketahanan korosi yang paling baik yaitu 9,33 mpy. Berdasarkan hal yang telah dinyatakan sebelumnya maka lapisan yang paling tebal, cocok di implementasikan pada komponen alat berat karena memiliki kekerasan yang maksimal dan laju korosi yang paling rendah.
Medical diagnosis using artificial neural networks
Authors: Begum Afsana , Rahman Md. Masiur , Jahan Sohana
Published: July 2024

Medical diagnosis using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and computer-aided diagnosis with deep learning is currently a very active research area in medical science. In recent years, for medical diagnosis, neural network models are broadly considered since they are ideal for recognizing different kinds of diseases including autism, cancer, tumor lung infection, etc. It is evident that early diagnosis of any disease is vital for successful treatment and improved survival rates. In this research, five neural networks, Multilayer neural network (MLNN), Probabilistic neural network (PNN), Learning vector quantization neural network (LVQNN), Generalized regression neural network (GRNN), and Radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) have been explored. These networks are applied to several benchmarking data collected from the University of California Irvine (UCI) Machine Learning Repository. Results from numerical experiments indicate that each network excels at recognizing specific physical issues. In the majority of cases, both the Learning Vector Quantization Neural Network and the Probabilistic Neural Network demonstrate superior performance compared to the other networks.
Análisis arqueosísmico del monumento de Pozo Moro: ¿Lo derrumbó un terremoto?
Authors: Almagro-Gorbea Martín , Rodríguez-Pascua Miguel Ángel , Perucha María Ángeles , Martínez-Martínez Javier , Mediato José Francisco
Published: July 2024

Análisis arqueosísmico del monumento de Pozo Moro, situado en Chinchilla de Montearagón, Albacete, actualmente conservado en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional. Los resultados obtenidos indican que este monumento turriforme de casi 10 m de altura, construido con sillares hacia el 500 a.C., fue destruido pocos años después por un terremoto, según parecía indicar cierta deformación del terreno y la posición de caída de los sillares hallados en la excavación. El análisis arqueosísmico ha identificado diferentes estructuras de deformación: esquinas fracturadas, desplazamiento de bloques de sillería y colapsos orientados. Estas deformaciones son compatibles, según el análisis estructural geológico, con una dirección dominante de movimiento del sustrato NE-SW, que podría indicar un origen sísmico, hipótesis apoyada por su proximidad a la falla activa de Pozohondo, situada a 20 km al SW. En consecuencia, la hipótesis más probable es que el monumento del Pozo Moro fue destruido por un terremoto, como los que son relativamente frecuentes en esas zonas del Sureste.
Cultural Heritage in the Russo-Ukrainian War: a Victim in the Conflict
Authors: Ivanysko Svitlana , Kazakevych Gennadii , Shydlovskyi Pavlo
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the devastating impact of the Russo-Ukrainian war on cultural heritage in Ukraine. It highlights the destruction and plundering of cultural sites and artifacts in a broad historical context. The study traces the Russian historical narrative and its connection to state ideology, emphasizing the ideological use of archaeology to support territorial claims of nowadays Russia. The authors discuss the impact of the military conflict on museums in Ukraine since 2014. The article details the challenges faced by museums during the conflict, including the occupation of Crimea and certain areas of Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions, as well as the destruction and relocation of museum collections. The analysis highlights the severe consequences of hostilities on Ukraine's archaeological heritage. The loss of archaeological sites and museum collections due to conflict-related activities, looting, and destruction is emphasized. The paper discusses the challenges faced in monitoring and documenting these losses and proposes initiatives to address the crisis. Finally, the authors provide some recommendations on minimizing the consequences of war for objects of cultural heritage, stressing that these recommendations could be useful for any country, even if its involvement in a large-scale military conflict currently seems unlikely.
Growing vegetables in a school greenhouse based on a groundless substrate
Authors: Abdisattar Perizat Abdisattarovna ,   Margulan University, Suleimenova Asel Narzildaevna , Kurmanbaev Rakhat Khamitovich
Published: July 2024

Anthropogenic factors of the Aral Sea region have a direct impact on the ecology of the lands and the economic and social situation of the population. An increase in the concentration of toxicants in the body affects changes in physiological processes and leads to pathological changes. In this regard, fundamental research on environmental protection and the production of environmentally friendly products is needed today. Hydroponics is a method of growing plants on a groundless substrate and an aqueous solution (nutrient solution), which contains all the substances necessary for the plant. This is one of the new directions of greenhouse production based on modern achievements in chemistry, biology, electronics, etc. When growing vegetables using a given technology, the uniformity of growing conditions and plant nutrition increases, which, in turn, ensures a high level of environmentally friendly harvest. Greenhouses have a great future, and there is an opportunity to form a modern greenhouse economy. It is necessary to build greenhouses that use drip irrigation technology. Greenhouse farming is of great social importance. The article presents information on the development and study of the technology of growing vegetables on a groundless substrate in a polycarbonate mini-greenhouse of the A. Muslimov Lyceum School No. 101, Kyzylorda. The methods of using other substrates are considered on the basis of the hydroponics method. The tasks on the designated topic, the significance, and the novelty of the work are determined.
STUDI KELAYAKAN PEMBANGUNAN KOLAM RETENSI DI WILAYAH KECAMATAN SUKARAMI KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Gumelar Anjas , Susanti Susi , Islami Fajar Sadik , Permatasari Rosmalinda
Published: July 2024

Water runoff is temporarily stored in retention ponds as part of a flood control scheme to avoid major floods. There are currently a number of retention ponds in Palembang City that work to reduce flooding during rainy seasons. Land use is expanding, and water catchment areas are getting smaller as a result. The feasibility of constructing a retention pond in Palembang City's Sukarami District is discussed in this study. The usability, hydrology, and physical environmental aspects of data analysis are the main areas of study. The study of hydrological aspects indicates that the planned retention pond has an area of 6.55 Ha and is capable of accommodating a large water discharge of 0.294 - 0.466 m3/sec for a return period of 50 years. The research also demonstrates the benefits of collecting rainwater runoff and improving environmental aesthetics. The construction process and the presence of this retention pond will have an impact on environmental quality, according to the findings of the study of physical environmental elements.
Auricular seroma: Case report
Authors: Aldoasri Badi ,   Assistant Professor and Consultant, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Published: July 2024

Auricular seroma is an uncommon, non-inflammatory, and benign condition affecting the auricle. Synonyms for auricular seroma include auricular pseudocysts, cystic chondromalacia, endochondral pseudocyst, intracartilaginous cyst, and benign idiopathic cystic chondromalacia. While there is no known genetic predisposition, it exhibits a higher occurrence in Chinese and Caucasian males. The prevalence is greater in males than females and typically manifests unilaterally. The hypothesis proposing hormonal influences on the inflammatory process is suggested to explain the male predominance. In unilateral instances, the right ear is more frequently affected than the left ear. Bilateral seroma presence is documented in the pediatric population. Although seromas can manifest anywhere on the auricle, they commonly occur in the scaphoid fossa. Auricular seromas are characterized by the accumulation of sterile, viscous straw-yellow fluid without cells within the cartilage.
Application of Spectral Analysis to Obtain Characteristics of the Contour of Circular-Shaped Masses in Lungs for Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Molodkin I. V. , Ryzhkin S. A. , Izmailov T. R.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To article examine the quantitative characteristics of the contour of spherical formations of the lungs for use in differential diagnosis.
Material and methods: Studies have been carried out on a two dimensional array of densitometric parameters obtained by processing tomographic medical images of patients with verified diagnoses. The work examines lung diseases: cancer and tuberculosis. The study included data from 982 and 493 CT slices with cancer and tuberculosis, respectively. A principle is proposed for constructing the contours of spherical formations in the lungs. Using spectral analysis, quantitative characteristics of the contours were obtained: spectral entropy, multiplicity, number of local maxima, signature function of the polar angle of rotation of the radius vector. The statistical significance of the differences in the values of these characteristics of the contours of spherical formations in various diseases (cancer and tuberculosis) was analyzed.
Results: The work revealed statistical differences in the characteristics of the circuit in various pathologies, which may allow differential diagnosis of the lung diseases under study.
Conclusion: The obtained quantitative characteristics of spherical formations in the lungs can be included in the system of helping the doctor in diagnosis. It should be remembered that there is no single diagnostic sign based on the quantitative characteristics of the image, which would immediately determine the type of pathology. Only a set of such functions will allow for high-quality diagnostics.
Clinical Applications of Xenon-129 in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Brief Overview
Authors: Grigoriev G. Y. , Zavaleva E. V. , Lagutin A. S.
Published: July 2024

Introduction
New clinical technologies for MRI
Pulmonology
Ventilation of the lungs
COVID-19
COPD
Promising directions for the development
Lung cancer
Brain research
Conclusion
Agricultural Price Formation in Theory and Reality
Authors: Götz Linde
Published: July 2024

Review on the book "Agricultural Price Formation in Theory and Reality" by Ulrich Koester and Stephan von Cramon-Taubadel (editors), published in 2023.
The effects of college student's self-esteem, relative deprivation, and interpersonal relationship ability on SNS fatigue
Authors: Kim Young Mi ,   Korea Safety Culture Society
Published: July 2024

This study is a descriptive research study to understand the relationship between self-esteem, relative deprivation, interpersonal relationship ability and SNS fatigue among college students and to understand the effect on SNS fatigue. The subjects of the study were students enrolled in universities located in D Metropolitan City and K Province and the data collection period was from September 30 to October 7, 2020 through the online community of university students. The survey tools was self-esteem, relative deprivation, interpersonal relationship ability and SNS fatigue, and the number of study subjects was calculated through G power 3.1.9. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. As a result, self-esteem score was 3.19±0.30, the relative deprivation score was 3.19±0.38, the interpersonal relationship ability score was 3.66±0.50, and SNS fatigue was 2.97±0.61. SNS fatigue was positively correlated with relative deprivation(r=.232, p=.002), SNS fatigue and self-esteem(r=-.351, p<.001) and SNS fatigue and interpersonal relationship ability(r=-.311, p<.001) were negatively correlated. The explanatory power of SNS fatigue was 16.5%(F = 6.581, (p<.001). Based on these results, it can be significant in that it provides a basis for the development of programs that can reduce side effects and maximize utility at the individual level of SNS users and basic data for future research.
An empirical study on safety management of Defense Industry Employees
Authors: Kim Byung Hyun , Lee Joon Won , Yun Hyun Woong ,   Korea Safety Culture Society
Published: July 2024

Employees in the defense industry are required to enter test sites and maintenance hangars under military control for the operation tests and maintenance of military equipment. Despite the strengthening of safety standards for defense industry employees since 2019, they remain in a blind spot for safety accidents. However, the safety management of military facilities is conducted in accordance with the National Defense Safety Management Directive, necessitating a reassessment for the safety of defense industry employees. In this study, an analysis was conducted on the National Defense Safety Management Directive to examine the legal basis for preventing safety accidents among defense industry employees and for ensuring the obligation of contractors to secure safety and health under the Serious Accident Punishment Act. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted to investigate and analyze the actual safety management status of defense industry employees. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the scope of the current military safety management instruction was limited to the Ministry of National Defense and institutional units, excluding defense industry workers, and it was confirmed that safety management of defense industry workers was not properly performed during test evaluation conducted within weapon system research institutions. In this study, the following implications and measures to strengthen safety standards were suggested. Firstly, the application scope of the Serious Accident Punishment Act should encompass employees in the defense industry. Secondly, a compensation system for accident victims needs to be implemented. Thirdly, substantive safety training for employees should be conducted, taking into account the risk factors at defense industry sites. These research findings are expected to contribute to enhancing the technological capabilities of the South Korean defense industry by preventing accidents at defense sites and actualizing compensation for victims.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT
OF THE PRODUCTION BASE OF INDUSTRIAL HOUSING CONSTRUCTION
Authors: GURINOVICH V. , LEONOVICH S. , POZDNYAKOV D.
Published: July 2024

The article proposes an approach to improve the technological level of production on the basis of systematization
of the main tasks and solutions of technical re-equipment of precast construction plants. The principle of realization of the
proposed system approach is presented in the form of a flowchart. The proposed algorithm demonstrates the practical
importance of taking into account the interrelation of construction and production processes for technical re-equipment
without stopping the main production and reducing the duration of construction and installation works. Solutions for
increasing the production capacity of lines pallet circulation and compensating for the increasing demand for concrete
mix while increasing the productivity of the lines are presented. For technological lines circulation of pallet the efficiency
of the organization of processes exceeding the directive schedule at the posts not connected with the main flow and with
the individual schedule of work is substantiated. The functionality of local mortar-concrete unit of block-modular layout
in the span is shown to increase productivity and rhythmicity of work of molding stations.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BIRCH BARK BY PHYSICAL INDICATORS AS A RAW MATERIAL SOURCE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THERMAL INSULATION
Authors: BAKATOVICH A. , OBROMPALSKY R.
Published: July 2024

The results of research on the production of structure-forming material for thermal insulation from birch bark are considered. After studying the properties of the bark, it was proposed to divide birch bark into bast and birch bark. The influence of fractionated compositions of bark, bast and birch bark on the thermal conductivity coefficient of experimental compositions was studied. It has been established that birch bark has the greatest heat-insulating effect. Regardless of the method of grinding birch bark at a density of 100–150 kg/m3, the thermal conductivity coefficient is 0,037–0,039 W/(m∙°C).
FORMATION OF A SAFETY CULTURE DURING NUCLEAR PLANT CONSTRUCTION POWER PLANTS IN THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT
Authors: KOZHARSKIY S. , KAPUSTINA O. , BULAUKA Y.
Published: July 2024

This article analyzes the state of safety culture during the construction of a nuclear power plant in the Arab Republic of Egypt. Based on the results of the analysis of the compliance of the collected facts with regulatory criteria, it was established that when performing construction and installation work in the Arab Republic of Egypt at the El-Dabaa NPP construction site, the safety culture has an “involving level” of development with “proactive” components. Based on the results of an independent assessment of the state of safety culture, strengths were identified (in decision making, problem identification and resolution, leadership responsibility, a working environment of mutual respect, effective communication on safety issues), areas of sufficiency (in personal responsibility, continuous self-learning, voicing concerns and planning work) and a growth point (area for improvement) with a critical attitude requiring increased personnel focus on improving safety.
ARCHETYPES IN SACRED BUILDINGS: CHRISTIAN CHURCHES AND MOSQUES
Authors: KOLOSOVSKAYA A. , OZHESHKOVSKAYA I.
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the study of common archetypes in sacred buildings of Christian churches and mosques. Archetypes are seen as universal images that permeate the collective unconscious of humanity and are expressed through mythology, symbolism and architecture. The work analyzes how archetypes influence architectural decisions of sacred buildings, including layout, composition and artistic and stylistic design. The authors consider how common archetypes are reflected in architectural features such as the presence of domes, minarets and bell towers, as well as in the organization of internal space and the location of the altar. The study shows that despite differences in religious concepts, Christianity and Islam have striking similarities in architectural forms, ornaments and symbols. This testifies to the unity of human experience and the desire for spiritual harmony. The article emphasizes the importance of studying and preserving the heritage of different religions and cultures, as well as the need for dialogue and mutual respect between different religious communities. Contributing to the understanding of the architectural heritage of different religions and cultures highlights the importance of studying and preserving the common cultural heritage.
THE INFLUENCE OF CHANGES IN THE SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF CONCRETE ON THE ACCURACY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF ITS HARDENING IN THERMAL TECHNOLOGY INSTALLATIONS
Authors: NIYAKOVSKII A. , KORSHUN A. , MILOCHKINA A.
Published: July 2024

Based on the analysis of literary sources and our own research, the limits of changes in the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of concrete during their heat treatment in thermal technology installations have been determined. The influence of the temperature maintained during the heat treatment and the degree of hydration achieved as a result of heating on the values of these thermophysical parameters has been established. The conclusion is made about the determining effect of changes in the thermal conductivity of concrete during its heat treatment (compared with the specific heat capacity) on the results of analytical and numerical calculations of heat treatment modes.
康業與史君墓誌所見西魏粟特人官職札記
Authors: 黃子晏 黃子晏
Published: July 2024

本文精讀西魏粟特人康業與史君的墓誌，結合跨時空制度比較與圖像研究，修正既有解讀。針對康業墓誌，首先確認大天主是參與部分世俗事務的宗教領導者；其次指出康業父親並非兩度被任命為「大天主」，而是經歷先試用再正授的攝官過程，大統十六年（550）才是正式除授。針對史君墓誌，本文檢討其於北周保定五年（565）後就任涼州薩保的通說，認為當時的高齡與「曹主」之斷句均不合理；史君是在西魏大統五年（539）成為薩保，距離初宦於薩保機構不到五年。這是第一個西魏薩保的實例。綜合康業父親攝官與史君升遷的經過可知，西魏政權留下的粟特人官職資料雖少，但他們進行任命時非常謹慎，傾向在確認官員的表現適任後，再正式授予要職。

 

This paper refines existing interpretations of the epitaphs of Kang Ye and Shi Jun, two Sogdian individuals in the Western Wei period, through a combination of careful textual analysis, institutional comparisons spanning time and region, and iconographic studies. Regarding Kang Ye’s epitaph, it first confirms that the “Datianzhu” was a religious leader involved in certain secular affairs. Subsequently, it argues against the notion that Kang Ye’s father held the title of “Datianzhu” twice, suggesting instead that he initially served as an acting official, necessitating a probationary period, before receiving formal appointment in the sixteenth year of Datong era (550). Turning to Shi Jun’s epitaph, the paper challenges the prevailing narrative that he assumed the position of “Sabao” in Liangzhou after the fifth year of Baoding era (565) in the Northern Zhou period. It deems his advanced age at that time and the syntactical division involving the term “caozhu” as implausible. Instead, the study establishes that Shi Jun became a “Sabao” in the fifth year of Datong era (539) during the Western Wei period, less than five years after he began his service in the “Sabao” institution. Shi Jun stands as the initial exemplar of a “Sabao” appointment during the Western Wei period. By synthesizing the experiences of Kang Ye’s father and Shi Jun’s career progression, this research concludes that, although the Western Wei regime left limited records of Sogdian officials, they exercised great caution during appointments, preferring to formally confer significant positions only after confirming the suitability of the officials’ performance.

 
Healthcare system barriers and facilitators to hypertension management in Ghana
Authors: Byiringiro Samuel , Hinneh Thomas , Chepkorir Joylline , Tomiwa Tosin , Commodore-Mensah Yvonne , Marsteller Jill , Sarfo Fred S. , Saylor Martha A. , Assibey Shadrack , Himmelfarb Cheryl R.
Published: July 2024

Background: Hypertension continues to pose a significant burden on the health systems in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Multiple challenges at the health systems level could impact patients’ blood pressure outcomes. There is a need to understand the gaps in health systems to improve their readiness to manage the rising burden of hypertension
Objective: To explore health system barriers and opportunities for improved management of hypertension in Ghana, West Africa.
Methods: We conducted 5 focus group discussions involving 9 health facility leaders and 24 clinicians involved in hypertension treatment at 15 primary-level health facilities in Kumasi, Ghana. We held discussions remotely over Zoom and used thematic analysis methods.
Results: Four themes emerged from the focus group discussions: (1) financial and geographic inaccessibility of hypertension services; (2) facilities’ struggle to maintain the supply of antihypertensive medications and providers’ perceptions of suboptimal quality of insured medications; (3) shortage of healthcare providers, especially physicians; and (4) patients’ negative self-management practices. Facilitators identified included presence of wellness and hypertension clinics for screening and management of hypertension at some health facilities, nurses’ request for additional roles in hypertension management, and the rising positive practice of patient home blood pressure monitoring.
Conclusion: Our findings highlight critical barriers to hypertension service delivery and providers’ abilities to provide quality services. Health facilities should build on ongoing innovations in hypertension screening, task-shifting strategies, and patient self-management to improve hypertension control. In Ghana and other countries, policies to equip healthcare systems with the resources needed for hypertension management could lead to a high improvement in hypertension outcomes among patients.
(To) intimacy and beyond: rethinking the definition of ‘cohabitant’ in Ireland
Authors: O'Sullivan Kathryn
Published: July 2024

The issue of cohabitants’ rights in Ireland has received limited attention in either public or academic discourse since the enactment of Part 15 of the Civil Partnership and Certain Rights and Obligations of Cohabitants Act 2010 more than a decade ago. However, questions pertaining to the rights and entitlements of de facto families under Irish law are once again coming under the spotlight. This note considers one discrete feature of the Irish cohabitation scheme: namely, the requirement to prove intimacy to demonstrate the existence of a cohabiting relationship for the purposes of the 2010 Act. It investigates the importance of intimacy within the definition of ‘cohabitant’ and drawing on the most up-to-date case law highlights the deeply (in)sensitive investigations which are often undertaken to establish its existence.
Comparative Foraging Efficiency of Insect Pollinators Visiting Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Bloom
Authors: Rasool Jameela , Yaqoob Munazah , War Waseem Ahmed , Ayoub Liyaqat , Shah Ishfaq Majeed , Hanief Rukshanda , Mohiddin Rehana
Published: July 2024

Coriander is a glabrous, aromatic annual and erect plant which is cultivated for its leaves and seeds. It is attracted by diverse insect species which result in efficient pollination of the crop. An effort to find the foraging activity of main pollinators in coriander was done. The highest foraging speed (time spent on umbel) was recorded in Xylocopa valga and minimum in Apis cerana. The lowest foraging rate (umbels/ minute), however, was observed in case of X. valga that visited less number of flowers per minute and minimum was in A. cerana. A. cerana started foraging early at 0730 ± 0014 hours however, late cessation was recorded in Bombus trifasciatus (1930 ± 0018 h). The highest foraging period (h) was observed in B. trifasciatus and shortest was in A. mellfera.
Influence of phosphorus levels and Bio-fertilizers on yield and economics of chickpea under sub-tropical conditions of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Parashar Aman , Sharma Jaidev , Prveen Shama , Kanaujiya Pradeep Kumar
Published: July 2024

A field experiment was conducted at Crop Research Centre of School of Agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior, (M.P.) during Rabi 2021–22 to study the influence of phosphorus levels and Bio-fertilizers on yield and economics of chickpea. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design by taking four levels of phosphorus viz. 0 kg P2 O5 ha-1, 30 kg P2 O5 ha-1, 40 kg P2 O5 ha-1, 50 kg P2 O5 ha-1 and bio-fertilizers (No inoculation, PSB, Rhizobium, PSB + Rhizobium which were replicated thrice. The chickpea variety “JG-16” was uniformly fertilized by 20 kg N/ha through Urea. However, phosphorus and bio-fertilizers were applied as per the requirement of the treatments. The crop was managed as per the recommended package and practices. The experimental study revealed that among the phosphorus levels, the application of 50 kg P/ ha recorded significantly highest seed and stover yield. However, among the bio-fertilizers, application of Phosphate solubilizing bacteria + Rhizobium resulted in highest seed and stover yield of chickpea. Among the economic analysis, application of 50 kg ha-1 phosphorus and combined treatment of Phosphate solubilizing bacteria + Rhizobium incurred the highest cost of cultivation, highest gross return, net return and Benefit cost ratio. Therefore, for chickpea cultivation, application of 50 kg ha-1 phosphorus and treatment of Phosphate solubilizing bacteria+ Rhizobium was proved to be profitable.
Effect of Zinc Biofortification Methods on Symbiotic and Phenological Parameters of Chickpea Varieties
Authors: Bhinda Narendra Kumar , Chaplot P. C. , J. Choudhary  , Meena R.H. , B. Upadhyay  , Sisodia S.S.
Published: July 2024

A field experiment was conducted at Instructional farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur (Rajasthan) during the rabi season 2021-22 and 2022-23 to evaluate the effect of zinc biofortification methods on symbiotic and phenological parameters of chickpea varieties. The experiment consisted four chickpea varieties and six zinc biofortification methods thereby involving 24 treatment combinations which was replicated four times in split plot design. The chickpea variety GNG 2144 recorded highest mean effective root nodules plant-1 (39.82) and their dry weight (140.4 mg plant-1) which was significantly higher over varieties GNG 1958, RVG 203 and Pratap Chana 1. The soil application of 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 recorded significantly higher mean effective root nodules plant-1 (37.93) and their dry weight (136.3 mg plant-1) over rest of zinc biofortification methods. The chickpea variety Pratap Chana 1 took minimum days to attain 50% flowering (66.55) and maturity (134.5 ) as compared to rest of chickpea varieties. Among zinc biofortification methods, soil application of 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 took minimum days to attain 50% flowering (124.5) and brings early crop maturity over rest of zinc biofortification methods.
Morphometric and Meristic characteristics description of stripped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage 1878) culture in south Gujarat, India
Authors: P. Shah Niharika , Ujjania N.C. , B. Pardeshi Aakash
Published: July 2024

The present study was conducted to understand the morphometric and Meristic characteristics of stripped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage 1878) culture in south Gujarat. For the morphometric measurement and Meristic count total 815 fish specimens were randomly collected from the described culture systems. For the morphometric measurements of the fish, total length (TL), standard length (SL) and body weight were taken. Meristic counts were included to count number of spine and rays for dorsal fin, pectoral fin, pelvic fin, anal fin and caudal fin. In present study, morphometric observation including total length (TL) 18.500-48.00 cm with mean 34.760±0.185, standard length (SL) 16.500-39.000 cm with mean 28.791±0.154 and weight (WT) 100.00-930.00 g with mean 376.720±5.615 was observed in studied fish. The morphometric relationship of the variables (TL vs WT, SL vs WT and TL vs SL) shows the linear relationship among the variables respectively. The values of intercept (a = -1.882, -1.546 & -0.024), correlation coefficient (r = 0.820, 0.816 & 0.910) and growth constant (b = 2.832, 2.802 & 0.962) were noted respectively. The Meristic characteristics of the studied fish were counted as dorsal fin spine and rays (1/6), Pectoral fin spine and rays (1/9), Pelvic fin spine and rays (1/7) and anal fin rays (29-30). It is very much essential to record the morphological and meristic characters of the studied fish for identification. All such information can also be considered an initial step for studying evolutionary relationships of fish species.
A Qualitative Study on Social Media Overload and Learning Engagement of Undergraduate Students
Authors: Duan Ninggui , Li Lina , Deeprasert Jirawan
Published: July 2024

In the context of higher education, learning engagement is a critical factor influencing meaningful learning and academic performance, and it is frequently disrupted by social media interference, which has become a prevalent phenomenon. This study aims to explore the impact of social media overload on learning engagement through semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with 18 undergraduate students’ participants from China. The interview data was analyzed using NVivo 14.0 software. The results reveal a significant correlation between social media overload and learning engagement. Undergraduate students can't learn knowledge and acquire life skills without social media, and excessive use of them will take up a lot of time and reduce the time and energy invested in learning. Moreover, undergraduate students regard recreational activities (including games) on social media as a kind of rest, which has cognitive bias. When they feel the conflict between entertainment and study, they can exert their subjective ability, and to a certain extent, they can adjust with willpower belief and time pressure, so as to complete their study and life goals. The study highlights the importance of effectively managing social media usage among undergraduate students to enhance their learning performance.
Unveiling the Haveli of Maharaja Ranjit Singh: A Historical and Architectural Analysis of Gujranwala's Heritage
Authors: Sana Arslan
Published: July 2024

The Haveli of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in Gujranwala stands as a notable monument, revered as the birthplace of Ranjit Singh. The structure displays architectural influences from both Mughal and Rajput styles, particularly evident in its domes, kiosks, and arches. Currently, the haveli is in a state of severe deterioration, requiring urgent restoration. To transform it into an appealing tourist destination, enhancements such as paintings or mosaics depicting the life of Maharaja Ranjit Singh are suggested to be applied on the panels, columns, and blind arches. Moreover, the presentation of the integrating geometrical motifs and illustrations from the Sikh Manuscripts, especially those pertaining to the Maharaja, into the haveli’s grand hall, are also recommended. Despite its inconspicuous location in a narrow street, the haveli's visibility can be improved through directional signage detailing Ranjit Singh's life and achievements. The adjacent bazaars offer opportunities for the tourists to purchase local souvenirs while immersing themselves in Gujranwala's architectural heritage. The qualitative research methodology is adopted for this paper by employing both primary and secondary resources such as photographs, books, journals, interviews, site visits, and literature reviews. The objectives of this paper are to record the historical background, architectural features, current condition, thus insists and aim at providing the ideas for the restoration and ornamentation of the haveli in order to preserve the rich heritage while simultaneously elevating its allure to the tourists.
The Systemic City
Authors: Alexiou Ioannis Aris
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a synthesis of research outcomes based on the international research group, Urban Design and Quality of Life. Formed by Ioannis Aris Alexiou, who, as Director (2005 – 2011) of the Master in Urban and Regional Planning of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, focused on the planning of articulating nodes and structures for the territorial organization of urban systems under cooperation, the research group was informed by the theoretical framework of Systemic Theory, Ekistics, Complexity Theory, and the principles of the molecular biology of living ecosystems. The central hypothesis of the following proposal for a systemic city is to confirm that the systemic cooperation between urban, natural, and human social systems, creates the necessary conditions for maintaining sustainable human settlements for the future.
European Union’s Western Balkans Investment Framework initiative: transport infrastructure development and its impacts
Authors: Evmolpidis Vassilis
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this Article is to present the Western Balkans Investment Framework (WBIF) initiative of the European Union (EU) for the economic and social development of the 6 Western Balkan countries which are still not a member of the EU while being surrounded by EU Member States only. The initiative finances through grants studies, and through the blending of grants and loans the implementation of infrastructure projects in 5 sectors, among which transportation is the one that absorbs the highest proportion of  grants for projects with big budgets. The Article investigates the population and urbanization patters in 6 Western Balkan countries and indicates the role of rail transportation though the implementation of highspeed lines in the creation of a new megalopolis in southeastern Europe.
A Democratic and Participatory urban planning for an inclusive school: Models and mechanisms
Authors: Passas Panagiotis , Karageorgou Georgia , Michos Nikos
Published: July 2024

The present paper aims to highlight the growing prominence of participatory approaches in urban planning, acknowledging their potential for democratic decision-making while navigating challenges like self-selection biases. Proposed solutions include steering committees with external experts, inclusive meetings, and user-friendly information access. Within the European landscape, the New European Bauhaus (NEB) initiative, orchestrated by the European Commission, takes center stage in reshaping urban planning for sustainability and inclusivity. In Greece, NEB manifests in initiatives like "Akkri’s Learning via Participation Model" and the "Skills Labs for the 21st Century", emphasizing children's voices and sustainability in schools. Leros Island sets an example with a Special Scientific Committee adopting a holistic approach to enhance public spaces. In response to unique challenges in the Aegean Islands, the paper suggests a pilot initiative, introducing an electronic platform to bridge information gaps caused by geographical dispersion. This participatory reporting platform aims to engage citizens in inclusive development, with acknowledged challenges including data complexity and digital accessibility. Shifting focus to education, the article proposes a decentralized school system in Greece, emphasizing local authorities' role in budget management for tailored curricula and inclusivity. Challenges, such as data analysis complexity and ensuring digital accessibility, are recognized. Aligned with Sustainable Development Goals, this policy shift aims to promote effective governance and participatory problem-solving. In conclusion, the paper underscores the potential of participatory strategies in urban planning and education, emphasizing adaptability to unique contexts while acknowledging and addressing challenges.