bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WHY DO THEY TAKE ONLINE LOANS? (STUDY ON HIGHER STUDENTS IN EAST JAVA, INDONESIA)
Authors: Nugroho Bima Setyo
Published: July 2024

This research analyzes the influence of lifestyle, advertising, and ease of access on interest in online loans which is moderated by consumer behavior. This research uses a quantitative method with an accidental sampling technique. The total research sample was 132 students. The statistical analysis used in this research is an approach using Structural Equation Modeling- Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with the help of SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of this research show that lifestyle influences consumer behavior. Apart from that, advertising and ease of access also have a positive and significant effect on consumer behavior. Meanwhile, consumer behavior also has a positive and significant effect on online loan interest. Meanwhile, consumer behavior also moderates the relationship between lifestyle and online loans. Based on the research results, the theoretical implication of this research is that lifestyle, ease of access, and advertising can influence a person's consumptive lifestyle which can direct someone to online loans, so students must pay attention to spending for future needs, so that the dangerous impacts caused by online loans may decrease during the study period. Meanwhile, practically, this research can be used as input for students regarding their responsibilities in managing finances and create awareness to reduce consumer lifestyles which can lead them to online loans which have several negative impacts.
Aristocrats and Refined Peasants: The Concept of Aristocracy in Swedish Historiography
Authors: Isacsson Alexander
Published: July 2024

This article investigates the evolution of aristocracy as a concept in Swedish historiography from the early nineteenth century to the present. In the political climate of the early 1800s, aristocracy became an increasingly contested concept, as reflected in ordinary language and the writing of national histories. A scholarly debate over anti-aristocratic prejudice between the historians Anders Fryxell and Erik Gustaf Geijer in the 1840s illustrates contemporary concerns to define the Swedish aristocracy and its relation to the nation. The debate gave rise to a persistent yet adaptable dualistic view of history, enduring well into the twentieth century. Historians portrayed monarchs, aristocrats, nobles, and peasants in a dualistic manner, dividing social groups into two oppositional forces. By emphasising the agency of freeholding peasants, notions of a Swedish Sonderweg were reinforced, facilitating the conceptualisation of peasant aristocrats. In tracing this historical trajectory, the article demonstrates how the meaning of aristocracy has evolved in response to scholarly objectives and historiographical trends.
Paths to Kingship in Medieval Latin Europe, c. 950–1200. By Björn Weiler. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. ISBN 978-1-316-51842-7. xvi + 475pp. £29.99.
Authors: Donnachie Stephen
Published: July 2024

Review of Bjorn Weiler, Paths to Kingship in Medieval Latin Europe, c. 950–1200, (Cambridge: Cambrodghe University Press, 2021).
Noblewomen, Court Service, and Crossing Borders: England c. 1500-1550
Authors: Clark Nicola
Published: July 2024

There are significant difficulties in defining aristocracy when it comes to women in sixteenth-century England, because women were so often agents of social mobility and might in theory move between social classes by dint of multiple marriages. Exactly who “counted” as a member of an aristocratic dynasty could get complex extremely quickly. This issue is further complicated when considering court service, because intimacy with and proximity to the monarch was not usually defined by aristocratic title. Moreover as princesses moved across borders to marry, they brought women with them as ladies-in-waiting who often then married into the aristocracy of their new country, necessitating a “meshing” of systems of nobility that might suggest that actual titles were less significant than sometimes thought.
The Early Life of James VI: A Long Apprenticeship 1566-1585. By Steven J. Reid. Edinburgh: John Donald, 2023. ISBN 978-1-910900-18-5. xix + 347 pp. £100.
Authors: Saunders Amy Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

Review of: Steven J. Reid, The Early Life of James VI: A Long Apprenticeship 1566-1585. (Edinburgh: John Donald, 2023).
Historic Landscape Inventory for Mare Island Naval Cemetery, California
Authors: Smith Adam , Feinen Karlee , Maag Kathryn , Fuelberth August , Tooker Megan
Published: July 2024

This project was undertaken to provide the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), National Cemetery Administration (NCA), with a cultural land-scape inventory of Mare Island Naval Cemetery. The approximately 2.5-acre cemetery is located in Vallejo, California, and contains more than 900 burials. Mare Island Naval Cemetery is part of the Mare Island Naval Shipyard historic district, which was listed concurrently on the National Register of Historic Places and as a National Historic Landmark in 1975. The NCA tasked the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center-Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL) with inventorying and assessing the cultural landscape at Mare Island Naval Cemetery through the creation of a landscape development context, a description of current conditions, and an analysis of changes to the cultural landscape over time. All landscape features were included in the inventory as NCA requested ERDC-CERL to follow federal policy on national cemeteries that requires that all national cemetery landscape features be considered contributing elements, regardless of age.
Historic landscape inventory for Zachary Taylor National Cemetery, Louisville, KY
Authors: Smith Adam , Story Madison , Fuelberth August , Tooker Megan
Published: July 2024

This project was undertaken to provide the US Department of Veterans Affairs, National Cemetery Administration, with a cultural landscape inventory of Zachary Taylor National Cemetery via funding from the St Louis Mandatory Center of Expertise (MCX) for the Curation and Management of Archaeological Collections (CMAC). The 16-acre cemetery, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, is found in Louisville, Kentucky, and contains more than 11,400 burials. The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center-Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL) was tasked with inventorying and assessing the cultural landscape at Zachary Taylor National Cemetery through the creation of a landscape development context, a description of current conditions, and an analysis of changes to the cultural landscape over time. All landscape features were included in the survey as federal policy on national cemeteries requires that all national cemetery landscape features be considered contributing elements, regardless of age. The historic landscape elements of the cemetery, like the original over-arching Beaux-Arts plan and circulation, cannot be restored due to the current number of burials. However, some elements can be reemphasized by historic landscape management planning, such as the restoration of the portions of the allée of pin oak (Quercus palustris) trees.
Jubilee Autumn: Florensky, Kropotkin, Skovoroda
Authors: Makarova Anna ,   RAS Institute of Philosophy
Published: July 2024

The review material considers the main content of three anniversary historical-philosophical events of 2022: the International Scientific Conference "The Visible and Invisible Worlds of Pavel Florensky", dedicated to the 140th anniversary of Florensky and to the 70th anniversary of Abbot Andronik (Alexander Sergeevich Trubachev, 1952–2021); scientific conference “Scientific and Philosophical Heritage of P.A. Kropotkin in the Context of History and Modernity”, dedicated to the 180th anniversary of P.A. Kropotkin; scientific conference “Instructions of a Wandering Philosopher. To the 300th anniversary of Grigory Skovoroda". The material presents the main theses of the plenary speakers, as well as the lines of controversy between the participants.
Cell chirality reversal through tilted balance betweenpolymerization of radial bers and clockwise-swirling of transverse arcs
Authors: Kwong Hoi Kwan , Lam Miu Ling , Wu Siying , Chung Cho Fan , Chu Lok Ting , Chow Hiu Lam , Hartanto Hogi , Liu Wengang , Chen Ting-Hsuan , Wu Jianpeng , Lim King Hoo , Chow Kwan Ting
Published: July 2024

Cell chirality is an intrinsic property shown as biased cell rotation or orientation. While the righthanded helix of actin is known essential, it is intriguing of how single form of molecular handedness can be manifested into diverse and even mirrored forms of cell chirality. Here, we found that cell nucleus rotates with clockwise (CW) bias with smaller projected area but reverses to anticlockwise (ACW) bias when cell spreading increases. Actin analysis suggests that polymerization of righthanded radial fibers accounts for the ACW bias, while the CW bias is driven by the retrograde flow of CW-swirling transverse arc, which originates from tethered myosin II that simultaneously connect radial fibers and transverse arc. Thus, by tilting the balance between these two classes of actin fibers via cell spreading area or the main factors of actin, i.e., myosin II, α-actinin-1, Tpm4, and mDia2, the single form of actin helix can be unfolded into cell chirality with opposite bias. This finding suggests a mechanistic insight of cell chirality reversal, providing new perspective in mechanobiology and tissue formation.
Formation of deep mantle heterogeneities through basal exsolution contaminated magma ocean
Authors: DENG JIE , Miyazaki Yoshinori , Du Zhixue
Published: July 2024

Earth’s mantle harbors two large low shear-wave velocity provinces (LLSVPs) with patches of ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs) distributed in the bottom. These structures exhibit distinct seismic and geochemical signatures compared to the surrounding mantle. Yet, their origin remains enigmatic. One proposed explanation is the differentiation of an early basal magma ocean (BMO). However, the presence of an excessively thick layer of iron-rich ferropericlase in the crystallized BMO conflicts with seismic tomography. Here, we investigate the crystallization of a BMO continuously contaminated by oxide exsolutions from the core, termed BECMO, and find significant suppression of ferropericlase crystallization and consequently a mineralogical profile consistent with LLSVPs and ULVZs. In addition, diapirs of core exsolution entrained into the solid mantle may cause small-scale scattering. The BECMO inherits the light silicon isotope composition from the core and exhibits trace element enrichments, suggesting its potential role as a source material for ocean island basalts potentially sampling the lowermost LLSVPs, pointing to a unified mechanism for forming deep mantle heterogeneities.
Assessing Clustering Replicability in Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Insights from the UK's Largest Audiogram Cohort
Authors: Dimitrov Lilia , lilaonitkul watjana , Mehta Nishchay
Published: July 2024

Despite nearly 20% of the global population experiencing hearing loss, there remains limited insight into the underlying subtypes of its most prevalent cause, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). This understanding is crucial for effective therapeutic and preventative strategies. A recent study using a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) identified 10 distinct SNHL phenotypes in a large US cohort, highlighting the potential of unsupervised machine learning to provide a data-driven solution to this task. Rigorous validation of these models is essential; however, it is limited due to several factors, including the absence of ground truth labels for model evaluation, restricted data access, and the lack of a standardized reporting framework for comparing results across clustering studies. Here, we apply GMM to a UK database of 109,854 audiograms, revealing 9 phenotypes, partly overlapping prior findings. Notably, our study cohort is characterized by advanced age, a higher proportion of female participants, and more severe hearing impairments. We observed instability in the GMM model when subjected to variations in the original dataset. To enhance practices, we propose a Clustering Replicability Framework, ensuring robustness in unsupervised machine learning-driven health research for safe clinical translation. Words: 187
Feasibility of using a novel hand-training support robot for patients with acute stroke and severe hand paralysis: A retrospective study
Authors: Ochi Mitsuhiro , Hori Ryoko , Tokunaga Mizuki , Moriyama Yasuyuki , Hachisuka Akiko , Ito Hideaki , Matsushima Yasuyuki , Saeki Satoru
Published: July 2024

Background: Approximately 80% of patients with stroke develop upper limb dysfunction. Although the greatest recovery of hand function is seen in the acute phase, only 14% achieve complete recovery. Beginning upper extremity functional training and repetitive movements from the early stage of stroke onset is considered important; however, in the acute stage of stroke, during which getting out of the bedside and self-care training are prioritized, patients often use the unaffected upper extremity. The newly developed EsoGLOVE robot hand training module is expected to assist with bedside hand function training. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility of training using this novel hand training support robot and assess its effectiveness.
Methods: The pneumatic robot provided auxiliary movements, such as flexion and extension of the fingers and passive movements. Of 24 eligible patients with similar Brunnström hand recovery stage, 12 who received treatment with EsoGLOVE were assigned to the robot-assisted training group, and 12 who did not were assigned to the usual training group. Some durability issues were encountered, and improvements were made to the robot at the therapists’ requests to make it easier to use. The primary outcome was the Brunnström hand recovery stage. Baseline comparisons between men and women were performed using the chi-square test for categorical variables (ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke) and the Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables. Within-group comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon test for the primary outcome. Owing to the non-normal distribution of the data, between-group comparisons were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test.
Results: No adverse events were associated with robot use (20–40 min a day, five times a week) in addition to conventional training during the early subacute phase. Compared with patients who underwent conventional training alone, hand and finger functions improved significantly (p=0.018) in those who used the robot after approximately 2 months.
Conclusions: The EsoGLOVE robot is safe to use and has high clinical practicality. Nevertheless, we plan to conduct a prospective comparative study to verify its effectiveness.
Enhancing the therapeutic effect of infliximab by inhibiting ferroptosis of M2 macrophages in experimental colitis
Authors: Feng Zelin , Ye Yulin , Liu Limin , Zhu Zhixin , Liu Yifei , Miao Junming , Wei Xinyue , Li Huizhen , Kang Guangbo , Huang He , Cao Xiaocang
Published: July 2024

Objective
Drug combination presents a promising approach to surpassing the current efficacy limitations of biological agents in treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Currently, ferroptosis has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for IBD. Therefore, combining ferroptosis inhibitors with biologics may provide a new therapeutic strategy to break the therapeutic ceiling of IBD treatment. Thus, this study investigated whether ferroptosis inhibitors could enhance infliximab (IFX) efficacy on IBD.
Methods
Immunofluorescence was used to analyze M2 macrophages in human colon specimens pre- and post-IFX treatment. The effect of IFX on ferroptosis of M1 and M2 macrophages was assessed on RAW264.7 in vitro. Moreover, a DSS-induced colitis mouse model was employed to evaluate the impact of ferroptosis inhibitors on IFX efficacy in vivo.
Results
Although M2 macrophages were increased in patients who responded to IFX treatment, there was no concurrent increase in non-responders which suggested that the efficacy of IFX was closely related to M2 macrophage. Notably, IFX enhanced ferroptosis in M1 and M2 macrophages in vitro, while M2 macrophages were more sensitive to ferroptosis than M1 macrophages. Finally, the ferroptosis inhibitor deferoxamine enhanced IFX efficacy by significantly alleviating mucosa ferroptosis in experimental colitis mice and also had a protective effect on M2 macrophages undergoing IFX.
Conclusions
The current results suggested that ferroptosis inhibitors could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of IFX by rescuing M2 macrophages from ferroptosis, thereby offering a new strategy for overcoming the current therapeutic ceiling of IBD biologic therapy.
RBM10 regulates LncRNA SNHG17 alternative splicing to suppress colorectal cancer invasion mechanism research
Authors: An Linxia , Chen Peng , He Miao , Li huifeng , Zhou Yingshu , Geng Changhui , zhao hong wei
Published: July 2024

Objective: To explore the role of RBM10 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the regulatory mechanism of CRC invasion through alternative splicing (AS) of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG17 by RBM10.
Methods: Samples were collected from sixty cases of CRC and their corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to analyze the expression of RBM10. A Transwell invasion assay was conducted to evaluate the effect of RBM10 on the invasion of HCT116 cells, and a Western blot was performed to detect the expression of EMT-related proteins. Moreover, CLIP-seq and RIP experiments were performed to explore the interaction between RBM10 and SNHG17.
Results: The expression of RBM10 was significantly decreased in CRC tissues and cells compared to the normal adjacent tissues. Overexpression of RBM10 inhibited CRC invasion, while knockdown of RBM10 had the opposite effect. RBM10 was found to interact with SNHG17 and regulate its splice isoform balance. Specifically, the splice variant SNHG17_2 regulated by RBM10 was upregulated in CRC and was positively correlated with CRC invasion.
Conclusion: RBM10 inhibits CRC invasion by regulating the alternative splicing of SNHG17, providing new research directions and potential targets for CRC treatment.
Optimizing the Application of Machine Learning Models in Predicting Landslide Susceptibility Using the Information Value Model in Junlian County of Sichuan Basin
Authors: Qian Lijun , Ou Lihua , Li Guoxin , Cheng Ying
Published: July 2024

Constructing accurate landslide susceptibility models is crucial for effective landslide prevention.This study explores methods to enhance the accuracy of landslide susceptibility models.This paper focuses on Junlian County, Sichuan, as the study area.Initially, a landslide inventory was created using field surveys and historical records.Eight environmental factors were identified via correlation analysis: elevation, slope, aspect, stratigraphic lithology, and distances from faults, roads, rivers, and areas of land use.Subsequently, we constructed an information value model.For training the IV-RF model, non-landslide points in areas of low susceptibility were randomly selected at various ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5).The optimal ratio was used to develop coupled models (IV-RF, IV-LR, IV-SVM, IV-BP), comparing their accuracy and discussing the impact of environmental factors on landslide susceptibility.Results indicate that: (1) the highest prediction accuracy was achieved with a non-landslide ratio of 1:1; (2) the IV-RF model achieved the highest AUC of 0.994; and (3) the most significant factors influencing landslide distribution were stratigraphic lithology and river proximity, followed by elevation and fault distance.
Contusion expansion, bifrontal contusions and low platelet count is associated with worse patient outcome following traumatic brain injury - a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Andersson Alice S. , Hossain Iftakher , Marklund Niklas
Published: July 2024

Background Cortical contusions are common in moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cortical contusions often expand, potentially causing neuro-worsening several hours to days post-trauma. While contusion expansion (CE) may affect outcome, potential clinical and radiological markers that can predict CE have been insufficiently explored. In the present single-center retrospective observational cohort study, we evaluated clinical outcome by the Glasgow Outcome Scale extended (GOSE) scale and evaluated risk factor for CE.Method Adult TBI patients > 18 years of age, and of all injury severities, were included. Main variables of interest were low platelet count, defined as < 150x109/L, presence of bifrontal contusions and CE, defined as absolute contusion volume increase in cm³. Factors associated with CE and clinical outcome according to GOSE were analyzed.Results Between 2012–2022, 271 patients were included. Contusion size on admission correlated positively with CE, as did the Marshall and Rotterdam radiological classification scores. Bifrontal contusions were significantly larger at admission, experienced larger CE, and had a worse outcome than contusions in other locations. Patients with a platelet count < 150x109/L experienced a greater volume CE and had a worse outcome when compared to patients with a normal platelet count. In a multivariate analysis, CE remained significantly associated with a poor outcome six months post- injury.Conclusion Contusion volume at admission, and Marshall- and Rotterdam scores, positively correlated to CE. Bifrontal contusions and a platelet count < 150x109/L were associated with CE, and a poor clinical outcome. Large CE volumes were associated with a worse clinical outcome, and CE was per se associated with outcome in a multivariate analysis. Management of these risk factors for CE in the acute post-injury setting may be needed to attenuate contusion expansion and to improve clinical outcome in TBI patients suffering from cortical contusion injuries.
Lactobacillus paracasei-derived extracellular vesicles reverse molecular and behavioral deficits in mouse models of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Han Pyung-Lim , Park Jin-Young , Lee Eun-Hwa , Paeng Jae-Won , Paeng Jin-Chul , Kim Yoon-Keun
Published: July 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogenous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. While our current understanding the mechanisms underlying ASD is growing, effective treatment options are still underdevelopment. Extracellular vesicles derived from the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei (LpEV) exhibit neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo models. This study investigates whether LpEV can improve core symptoms in genetic ASD models that represent accumulated developmental deficits. Mice lacking dopamine receptor-2 (Drd2 KO mice) exhibit social behavior deficits and excessive grooming. LpEV treatment in Drd2 KO mice significantly improves these autistic-like behaviors, suggesting LpEV's ability to potentially mitigate the persistent dysregulated signaling pathways in these mice. RNA sequencing followed by gene ontology enrichment analysis of LpEV-treated Drd2 KO mice reveals distinct groups of genes with expression reversed by LpEV. Notably, a high proportion of these genes overlap significantly with known ASD genes in the SFARI database, strengthening the potential of LpEV to target relevant pathways in ASD. Further investigation identifies Oxytocin and Oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) as potential therapeutic targets. LpEV treatment significantly improves autistic-like behaviors in mice with reduced Oxtr function (Oxtr heterozygous mice). LpEV treatment also improves autistic-like behaviors in mice lacking adenylyl cyclase-5, suggesting its potential to target ASD through broader mechanisms beyond a single pathway. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of LpEV in reversing the accumulated dysregulated signaling pathways critical for ASD core symptoms and improving autistic-like behaviors.
Performance Measurement Systems in Primary Health Care: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Santos Carlos Jefferson de Melo , Barbosa Ava Santana , Sant'Anna Ângelo Marcio Oliveira
Published: July 2024

Background: Performance measurements are increasingly used in health services, however, there is a lack of these types of applications in the literature, especially for performance measurement systems in primary health care. The concepts of a performance measurement system (SMD) constitute a limitation in the literature for what has been implemented to date in primary health care services. This article constructs a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature to demonstrate current constructs used in performance measurement systems in different areas of primary care.
Methods: The document uses the PRISMA approach, considered the gold standard for synthesis of evidence and studies reported as scientific or dark literature. To evaluate the quality of the selected studies, the four categories of The Rosalind Franklin Qualitative Research Appraisal Instrument - RF-QRA were used.
Results: Of the 167 articles extracted, fourteen studies were selected and showed that there is a difficulty in evaluating the post-implementation of performance measurement systems directly in primary care units, which brings a study limitation and the lack of evidence of monitoring indicators throughout over time.
Conclusions: The development of the systematic review process that emphasizes heterogeneity, diversification, reliability and originality reflected a diagnosis based on the last five years of the best MDS models implemented around the world. This may reflect the implementation of public policies focusing on high-performance primary health care.
Finite Element Analysis of PFNA and PFNA Combined with Locking Plate in Treatment of Femoral Intertrochanteric Fracture with Lateral Wall Fracture
Authors: Zhou Long , Wang Liang , Xu Rui , Bao Yidong , He Shuangjian
Published: July 2024

Purpose: The biomechanical characteristics of Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) and PFNA combined with Proximal Humerus Locking Plate (PHLP) in treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture with lateral wall fracture were compared by finite element analysis, and the biomechanical strength, stress and displacement distribution of the two internal fixation methods were compared.
Methods: A healthy middle-aged female patient was selected. According to the femur CT scan data, the three-dimensional finite element models of the femur, PFNA, and PHLP were established .The simulated AO classification was 31-A3.3 femoral intertrochanteric fracture, and the two internal fixation assembly models of PFNA and PNFA+PHLP were established. The von mises stress distribution and displacement distribution nephograms of the two internal fixation models were observed when the same load was applied on the two models under the dynamic and static status.
Result: Compared with PFNA fixation, PFNA+PHLP fixation reduced the maximum von mises stress by about 40%, while the maximum displacement changed little. The stress at the fracture end and the main nail position decreased, with a noticeablereduction of about 40% at the main nail. The Von Mises stress of the femoral head, femoral neck, medial, wall and spiral blade changed little. The total displacement of the femoral head, femoral neck, lateral wall, and spiral blade of PFNA+PHLP fixation decreased insignificant.
Conclusion: PFNA + PHLP internal fixation in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture with lateral wall fracture has higher fixation strength and more reasonable stress distribution than PFNA internal fixation.
How do mandatory emergency medicine rotations contribute to the junior residents' professional identity formation: A qualitative study.
Authors: Yamamoto Ichita , Obara Haruo , Verstegen Daniëlle
Published: July 2024

Background:
This study aims to investigate the impact of short-term mandatory emergency medicine rotations on the professional identity formation of Japanese junior residents. This rotation is part of a two-year Junior residency in the transition period from students to qualified physicians.
Methods:
We conducted a qualitative study conducting semi-structured face-to-face interviews with Year 1 postgraduate residents in the 2020–2021 classes of the junior residency program in Okinawa Chubu Hospital, Japan (n = 10). The data obtained from the interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis to identify the themes regarding professional identity formation.
Results:
Four main themes regarding professional identity formation emerged from the data analysis: patient care, teamwork, role models, and peers. Junior residents said they had the opportunity to participate in the emergency department community and experience training in authentic clinical contexts. Clinical exposure influenced the professional identity formation of the junior residents. Nurses and peers played a crucial role in this. Junior residents see the training in the emergency department as the beginning of their careers.
Conclusion:
Clinical exposure in emergency medicine cultivates junior residents’ professional identity. They engaged in the community of emergency medicine.
State-Wise Literacy Rates in India: Analyzing Regional Disparities, Gender Gaps, and Policy Impacts
Authors: SWARGIARY KHRITISH
Published: July 2024

Literacy is a fundamental human right and a key indicator of socio-economic development. In India, literacy rates vary significantly across different states, influenced by historical contexts, economic conditions, social structures, and policy interventions. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of state-wise literacy rates in India, focusing on male and female literacy disparities. Using data from the National Statistical Office (NSO) survey based on the 2011 Census, the study employs descriptive statistics, exploratory data analysis, and gap analysis to uncover regional disparities and gender gaps. The findings highlight significant regional and gender disparities in literacy rates. Kerala leads with an average literacy rate of 96.2%, while Bihar and Andhra Pradesh lag behind. Gender disparities are evident, with a national male literacy rate of 84.7% compared to 70.3% for females. Government initiatives like the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and the National Literacy Mission (NLM) have had varying impacts across states. The study underscores the need for region-specific educational policies and targeted interventions to address socio-economic barriers and promote female education.
Cognitive interviewing to assess and adapt three measures of mental health symptoms among people living with HIV in Rakai, Uganda: the Thinking a Lot Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), and the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL)
Authors: West Nora S , Namuganga Lydia P , Isabirye Dauda , Nakubulwa Rosette , Ddaaki William , Nakyanjo Neema , Nalugoda Fred , Murray Sarah M , Kennedy Caitlin E
Published: July 2024

Mental health is conceptualized differently across cultures, making cross-cultural validation of screening tools critical. In Uganda, we used cognitive interviewing to assess and adapt three scales for measuring psychological distress: the Thinking a Lot Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), and the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL). We recruited 12 people living with HIV from the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS) and interviewed seven potential users of the scales (four RCCS survey interviewers and three local health workers). Data were analyzed systematically using a team-based matrix approach. The HSCL was generally well understood, with minor clarifications needed. The Thinking a Lot Questionnaire was also well understood, though differences between “how much” and “how often” required specificity. Both included local idioms of distress from prior adaptations. The PHQ-9 performed less well, with many questions interpreted variably or showing unclear local applicability, especially among people living with HIV. For example, questions about trouble concentrating were misunderstood, focusing on examples like newspapers rather than the broader issue of concentration. Future research should explore the validity and utility of commonly used instruments as mental health research expands in Africa.
Sleep Quality Among Student Nurses in a Ghanaian Tertiary Institution: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Ocansey Joseph , Nertey Joshua , Awini Akeliswini Titus
Published: July 2024

Background Sleep quality among nursing students is crucial for their academic performance and overall well-being. Understanding the demographic and psychosocial factors influencing sleep quality can help in developing targeted interventions.Purpose This study aimed to examine the sleep quality of nursing students and identify key predictors of poor sleep quality.Method A total of 224 nursing students participated in a survey assessing demographics, sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and psychosocial factors including anxiety, stress, and social support. Multiple regression and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data.Findings Results indicated that 77.7% of participants had poor sleep quality. Anxiety (β = -0.312, p < 0.001) and stress (β = -0.245, p = 0.003) were significant predictors of poor sleep quality. The chi-square test revealed a significant association between gender and sleep quality (χ² = 12.34, p = 0.002), with female students more likely to experience poor sleep.Discussion The study highlights the high prevalence of poor sleep quality among nursing students and the significant role of anxiety and stress. Interventions to reduce stress and anxiety, particularly among female students, are recommended to improve sleep quality.
Natural field diagnosis and molecular confirmation of fungal and bacterial watermelon pathogens in Bangladesh: A case study from the Natore and Sylhet districts
Authors: Ferdous Raihan
Published: July 2024

This study investigated watermelon diseases characterized by contrasting climatic conditions in the Sylhet and Natore Districts of Bangladesh. Sylhet experiences lower temperatures and high rainfall, while Natore has higher temperatures and low rainfall. In these survey regions, 40 watermelon fields were selected, and 10 diseases were observed, including 4 fungal, 3 bacterial, 2 water mold, and 1 viral disease. The observed diseases were anthracnose, Cercospora leaf spot, Fusarium wilt, Gummy stem blight, Downy mildew, Phytophthora fruit rot, Bacterial fruit blotch, Angular leaf spot, Yellow vine, and Watermelon mosaic disease. Molecular analysis was performed in the Plant Pathology Laboratory at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University using specific primers for the fungal (ITS1/ITS4) and bacterial (27F/1492R) DNA regions, and nine pathogen species were identified, excluding the causal organism of the viral disease. The identified pathogens included Colletotrichum orbiculare, Cercospora citrullina, Fusarium oxysporum, Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Phytophthora capsici, Acidovorax citrulli, Pseudomonas syringae, and Serratia marcescens. The sequencing of the identified pathogens revealed high homology (98.91–99.71%) with known sequences in the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis revealed six clusters for fungal and water mold pathogen isolates and three for bacterial isolates, where the percentages of replicate trees were 100% in all the cases. Among the identified diseases, the highest disease occurrence was caused by Fusarium wilt (47.5%), followed by Gummy stem blight (41.5%) in the Sylhet region and by angular leaf spot (37.5%), followed by yellow vine (33%) in the Natore area. Fusarium wilt also has a high disease intensity, demonstrating its devastating impact on yield. This study highlights the influence of environmental conditions on disease incidence and underscores the need for tailored management strategies. These findings provide a foundation for developing targeted disease management practices for sustainable watermelon cultivation in Bangladesh.
Cancer Doesn’t Know the Day of the Week: Temporal Trends in Day of Death
Authors: Shah Kanan , Tao Anna , Chino Junzo , Chino Fumiko
Published: July 2024

Studies support the existence of psychosomatic phenomena that enable critically ill patients to postpone death until a specific event. We assessed for this effect in cancer by examining variability in deaths at the month and weekend levels using the National Center for Health Statistics database. We found that deaths from cancer were not uniformly distributed temporally. There was a relative 3.3% difference death rate between the peak on Saturday and nadir on Monday, and relative 10.2% difference in rate of death between the peak of deaths in January and nadir in February. The “weekend effect” could be present in 1 in 200 cancer deaths and the “holiday effect” in 1 in 100 cancer deaths. Temporal variation may reflect a small portion of patients are able to “hold on” for a limited amount of time. This uneven distribution of cancer deaths highlights the importance of improving communication and facilitating end-of-life discussions.
Associations between 24-hour Movement Behaviors and Health-Related Quality of Life in China, Japan and South Korea Children
Authors: Kim Hyunshik
Published: July 2024

Background/Objective: It is important to investigate the combination of movement behaviors—such as physical activity, screen time, and sleep—as children's habitual behaviors over a 24-hour period can affect their health. The aim of this study is to examine whether adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines is associated with health-related quality of life in children from three East Asian countries.
Method: For this cross-study, data were collected from primary school children aged 7–12 years in three countries: Japan (n=786), China (n=1,246), and South Korea (n=1,011).
Results: Logistic regression analyses adjusted for covariates confirmed the association of physical well-being, psychological well-being, social support, and peers with health-related quality of life subfactors.
Conclusions: Our findings highlight the correlation between 24-hour movement behavior and health-related quality of life in three East Asian children and will contribute to building compelling evidence for an integrated approach to health promotion.
Evento científico unificado: jornadas de divulgação científica e popularização da ciência
Authors: Oliveira Antônio Nunes de , Menezes José Wally Mendonça
Published: July 2024

Os eventos científicos desempenham um papel crucial na formação de professores e também na divulgação científica e popularização da ciência, tornando-se parte essencial da rotina de qualquer curso de graduação ou programa de pós-graduação. No estado do Ceará, o Instituto Federal tem se destacado, desde 2017, ao unir diversas instituições em prol da realização de um Evento Científico Unificado, conhecido como Jornada de Física. Essa iniciativa pioneira começou com a participação de sete instituições e, ao longo dos últimos anos, tem atraído mais de uma centena de instituições de ensino representadas por professores, estudantes, funcionários administrativos, intérpretes de Libras e jornalistas. Neste trabalho, buscamos resgatar a memória das edições anteriores do Evento Científico Unificado: Jornada de Física. Esperamos que os relatos aqui descritos possam inspirar ações semelhantes, incentivando outras instituições educacionais a buscar o trabalho coletivo e colaborativo, unindo esforços na divulgação da atividade científica e na valorização da ciência e da docência.
International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) e situações didáticas olímpicas: uma abordagem para o estudo dos triângulos com arrimo do geogebra
Authors: Rodrigues Joelma Alves , Alves Francisco Régis Vieira , Sousa Renata Teófilo de
Published: July 2024

As Olimpíadas de Matemática, apesar de terem se tornado mais populares nos últimos anos, não alcançam grande parte dos estudantes e professores de matemática, que por sua vez consideram tais testes com um nível de dificuldade muito elevado. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma abordagem para a resolução de questões de nível olímpico com o uso da tecnologia, que neste caso é o software GeoGebra. Para resolver questões olímpicas, o estudante precisa de criatividade e autonomia, ao passo que desenvolve o conhecimento com base em suas experiências e conhecimentos prévios. Nesse sentido, estruturou-se uma proposta de ensino amparada na Teoria das Situações Didáticas (TSD), que tem como foco a preparação de um ambiente por meio de situações fundamentais, para que o estudante, estando no centro do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, seja capaz de investigar e se apropriar do conhecimento. O software GeoGebra entrou como recurso para construir, visualizar e manipular elementos, bem como para potencializar as investigações, provas e demonstrações matemáticas requeridas neste nível de questão. A metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa básica e exploratória, dado o caráter de pesquisa em fase experimental. Como resultado parcial, estruturou-se uma situação didática voltada para o Ensino de Geometria em nível olímpico, amparada na TSD e no conceito de Situação Didática Olímpica (SDO), proposto por Alves (2020), que preconiza as dialéticas da TSD associadas a um ambiente de aprendizagem voltado para a exploração de problemas olímpicos.
Temperature trends in the Arctic and Antarctic
Authors: Sapunov V. B.
Published: July 2024

This work considers global temperature trends and their prediction in the world and polar regions in particular. Global warming covered the period from the 17th till the end of 20th centuries. The mechanisms of this process remain obscure; however, it is clear that abiotic factors controlling climate make the most significant contribution. Starting from 1997, the global fall of temperature has been observed, with instability becoming the major trend. Climate depends on the interaction of abiotic (hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere), biotic (biosphere), and social (noosphere) spheres of the Earth. All these spheres are characterized by a highly stable system. Human activity has no essential impact on global climatic processes. The consequences of contemporary temperature changes, which are to manifest themselves in the coming years, will not be extreme for all mankind. However, they may be of particular importance for the polar regions. The temperature in the Arctic will increase, while the climate of the Antarctic will become colder. The global average temperature will decrease and become more variable. Modern science is capable of predicting climate change. Serious climate research should be free from political and economic pressures.
Assessment of reflex risks of inhalation exposure to harmful substances among the Murmansk oblast population
Authors: Frumin G. T.
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to assess the individual risks of immediate (reflex) effects of inhalation exposure to nitrogen oxide and nitrogen and sulfur dioxides among the population of the Murmansk Oblast. The study was conducted in seven cities and covered the period of October, November, and December 2021. The considered chemical compounds belong to the third hazard class. Calculations were carried out using mathematical models, linking the penetration values with the actual concentrations of pollutants in the atmospheric air and their maximum permissible one-time concentrations. A table of normal probability distribution was used to convert probits into risks. The calculated risk values were compared with the acceptable values of the maximum risks of immediate action. The acceptable value of nitrogen oxide and dioxide (0.02–0.05) was found to be exceeded in the city of Kovdor in November and December. In the city of Monchegorsk, the acceptable value of sulfur dioxide was exceeded in November.
Factors influencing the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis by epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
Authors: Feng Cuimin , Yang Weiqi , Wei Tong , Li Jing , Chen Zexin , Yao Xue
Published: July 2024

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is an exceptional plant polyphenol for drinking water disinfection, due to its lasting antibacterial capabilities and broad spectrum of health benefits. Nevertheless, its effectiveness and the underlying mechanisms against chlorine-resistant bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, have not been thoroughly explored under various water conditions. The study at hand probed the inactivation rates of EGCG on B. subtilis was subjected to different concentrations, contact times, acidic or basic environments, and temperatures; biological mechanisms were examined by analyzing alkaline phosphatase, proteins, glucose, ATP, and redox biomolecules. Results indicated a positive correlation between EGCG concentration and the inactivation rate of B. subtilis, with the rate notably rising at EGCG levels below 800 mg/l and under acidic pH. The inactivation efficiency increased with temperature increments from 25 to 45 °C. Moreover, EGCG exerted a detrimental impact on the structural integrity, energy metabolism, and the antioxidant defense system of B. subtilis showed a dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. Consequently, this study provides a strong foundation for evaluating EGCG's efficacy against chlorine-resistant bacteria, promoting its theoretical application for drinking water treatment and guiding methodological advancements for broader applications.
Análise de políticas públicas em direito: projetos pedagógicos das faculdades em Franca/SP
Authors: Garcia Leal Ferraz Fabio , Bagaiolo Moraes Barbosa Ana Paula , Lopes Canavez Luciana
Published: July 2024

Na sociedade atual têm sido constantes as discussões que se relacionam ao desapego ao individualismo próprio do século passado, afigurando-se cada dia mais relevante a preocupação com o bem-estar dos indivíduos que a integram. Essa preocupação diz respeito tanto àqueles que aqui se encontram como àqueles que ainda virão, numa busca por assegurar condições de vida digna às gerações atuais e futuras. Nesse sentido, ganha relevância a discussão acerca das políticas públicas. Essa questão, na medida em que se projeta também para o futuro, passou a merecer espeço no ambiente acadêmico, notadamente em relação às ciências sociais. É sabido, porém, que o Direito ainda resguarda certa dose de apego ao positivismo e à dogmática e daí a necessidade da discussão deste tema no âmbito dos cursos que se prestam ao seu estudo. Ganha destaque, nesse momento, a cidade de Franca/SP, que dispõe de quatro instituições de ensino superior que oferecem o curso de Direito, instituições estas que serão objeto de investigação do presente estudo, cujo objetivo é analisar seus respectivos projetos pedagógicos a fim de inferir até que ponto elas têm contribuído – ou não – para a formação profissional preocupada com a identificação, criação de diretrizes e solução de problemas sociais.