bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biocalcification in porcelaneous foraminifera
Authors: Dubicka Zofia , Tyszka Jarosław , Pałczyńska Agnieszka , Höhne Michelle , Bijma Jelle , Janse Max , Klerks Nienke , Bickmeyer Ulf
Published: July 2024

Living organisms control the formation of mineral skeletons and other structures through biomineralization. Major phylogenetic groups usually consistently follow a single biomineralization pathway. Foraminifera, which are very efficient marine calcifiers, making a substantial contribution to global carbonate production and global carbon sequestration, are regarded as an exception. This phylum has been commonly thought to follow two contrasting models of either
in situ
“mineralization of extracellular matrix” attributed to hyaline rotaliid shells, or “mineralization within intracellular vesicles” attributed to porcelaneous miliolid shells. Our previous results on rotaliids along with those on miliolids in this paper question such a wide divergence of biomineralization pathways within the same phylum of Foraminifera. We found that both groups produced calcareous shells via the intravesicular formation of unstable mineral precursors (Mg-rich amorphous calcium carbonates) supplied by endocytosed seawater and deposited at the site of new wall formation within the organic matrix. Precipitation of high-Mg calcitic mesocrystals took place
in situ
and formed a dense, chaotic meshwork of needle-like crystallites. We did not observe deposition of calcified needles that had already precipitated in the transported vesicles, which challenges the previous model of miliolid mineralization. Hence, Foraminifera utilize less divergent calcification pathways, following the recently discovered biomineralization principles. Mesocrystalline chamber walls are therefore apparently created by accumulating and assembling particles of pre-formed liquid amorphous mineral phase within the extracellular organic matrix enclosed in a biologically controlled privileged space by active pseudopodial structures. Both calcification pathways evolved independently in the Paleozoic and are well-conserved in two clades that represent different chamber formation modes.
NPRL2 gene therapy induces effective antitumor immunity in KRAS/STK11 mutant anti-PD1 resistant metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a humanized mouse model
Authors: Meraz Ismail M , Majidi Mourad , Song Renduo , Meng Feng , Gao Lihui , Wang Qi , Wang Jing , Shpall Elizabeth J , Roth Jack A
Published: July 2024

Expression of NPRL2/TUSC4, a tumor-suppressor gene, is reduced in many cancers including NSCLC. Restoration of NPRL2 induces DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell-cycle arrest. We investigated NPRL2 antitumor immune responses in aPD1R/KRAS/STK11mt NSCLC in humanized-mice. Humanized-mice were generated by transplanting fresh human cord blood-derived CD34 stem cells into sub-lethally irradiated NSG mice. Lung-metastases were developed from KRAS/STK11mt/aPD1R A549 cells and treated with NPRL2 w/wo pembrolizumab. NPRL2-treatment reduced lung metastases significantly, whereas pembrolizumab was ineffective. Antitumor effect was greater in humanized than non-humanized-mice. NPRL2 + pembrolizumab was not synergistic in KRAS/STK11mt/aPD1R tumors but was synergistic in KRASwt/aPD1S H1299. NPRL2 also showed a significant antitumor effect on KRASmt/aPD1R LLC2 syngeneic-tumors. The antitumor effect was correlated with increased infiltration of human cytotoxic-T, HLA-DR+DC, CD11c+DC, and downregulation of myeloid and regulatory-T cells in TME. Antitumor effect was abolished upon in-vivo depletion of CD8-T, macrophages, and CD4-T cells whereas remained unaffected upon NK-cell depletion. A distinctive protein-expression profile was found after NPRL2 treatment. IFNγ, CD8b, and TBX21 associated with T-cell functions were significantly increased, whereas FOXP3, TGFB1/B2, and IL-10RA were strongly inhibited by NPRL2. A list of T-cell co-inhibitory molecules was also downregulated. Restoration of NPRL2 exhibited significantly slower tumor growth in humanized-mice, which was associated with increased presence of human cytotoxic-T, and DC and decreased percentage of Treg, MDSC, and TAM in TME. NPRL2-stable cells showed a substantial increase in colony-formation inhibition and heightened sensitivity to carboplatin. Stable-expression of NPRL2 resulted in the downregulation of MAPK and AKT-mTOR signaling. Taken-together, NPRL2 gene-therapy induces antitumor activity on KRAS/STK11mt/aPD1R tumors through DC-mediated antigen-presentation and cytotoxic immune-cell activation.
Operation regimes of spinal circuits controlling locomotion and role of supraspinal drives and sensory feedback
Authors: Rybak Ilya A , Shevtsova Natalia A , Markin Sergey N , Prilutsky Boris I , Frigon Alain
Published: July 2024

Locomotion in mammals is directly controlled by the spinal neuronal network, operating under the control of supraspinal signals and somatosensory feedback that interact with each other. However, the functional architecture of the spinal locomotor network, its operation regimes, and the role of supraspinal and sensory feedback in different locomotor behaviors, including at different speeds, remain unclear. We developed a computational model of spinal locomotor circuits receiving supraspinal drives and limb sensory feedback that could reproduce multiple experimental data obtained in intact and spinal-transected cats during tied-belt and split-belt treadmill locomotion. We provide evidence that the spinal locomotor network operates in different regimes depending on locomotor speed. In an intact system, at slow speeds (< 0.4 m/s), the spinal network operates in a non-oscillating state-machine regime and requires sensory feedback or external inputs for phase transitions. Removing sensory feedback related to limb extension prevents locomotor oscillations at slow speeds. With increasing speed and supraspinal drives, the spinal network switches to a flexor-driven oscillatory regime and then to a classical half-center regime. Following spinal transection, the spinal network can only operate in the state-machine regime. Our results suggest that the spinal network operates in different regimes for slow exploratory and fast escape locomotor behaviors, making use of different control mechanisms.
A fontosabb termékpályák piaci folyamatai, 2023
Authors: Ecsediné Wanek Zsuzsanna , Isépy Anett , Mándi-Nagy Dániel , Pásztor Zsuzsanna , Tubáné Elek Réka , Vadkerti-Tóth Nikolett
Published: July 2024

A kiadvány a fontosabb hazai termékpályák 2023. évi piaci folyamatait mutatja be elsősorban az ártrendeken keresztül, de – a 2023. évi előzetes mennyiségi információk alapján – a keresleti és a kínálati oldalon bekövetkező alapvető változásokra is kitér. Emellett rövid kitekintést nyújt a következő évben várható tendenciákról is.
Evaluation of Genotoxicity by Comet Assay in Tissues of Clarias gariepinus Exposed to Cassava Effluent
Authors: Olorunfemi Daniel I. , Orororo Osuvwe C. , Iloduba N. E., , Osioma Ejovi , Kpomah Enyohwo D. , Osio Ogheneovo L.
Published: July 2024

Untreated wastewater discharge into waterbodies poses a number of risks, including the potential for aquatic organisms' DNA to be damaged. Using the comet assay, this study assessed the genotoxic impact of cassava wastewater on the gonads, liver, and gills of post-juvenile Clarias gariepinus. The post-juvenile C. gariepinus fish were acquired from a fish farm in Edo State, Nigeria, and were subjected to different concentrations of cassava wastewater (0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7%) for a duration of 96 hours. In contrast to the typical actions seen in the control groups, the fish exposed to the effluent exhibited restless, erratic movements, and gasping for air. The first set of repetitions showed that catfish mortality increased with concentration; after 96 hours, exposure to the lowest concentration (0.2%) and the highest concentration (0.7%) of cassava wastewater caused 10% and 40% of the fish to die, respectively. The second set of repetitions showed that catfish mortality increased with increasing concentration; after 96 hours, exposure to the lowest concentration (0.2%) and the highest concentration (0.7%) of cassava wastewater resulted in 20% and 50% catfish mortality, respectively. Following the exposure time, the fish were brought to the lab where their gonads, liver, and gills were removed in order to use the comet assay for genotoxic assessment. The genotoxins present in the wastewater can be the reason for the DNA impairment found in the genotoxic assessment result at different effluent concentrations. The investigation also showed that DNA damage increased with increasing concentration, indicating a dose-dependent genotoxic effect of cassava wastewater on post-juveniles of C. gariepinus. This research demonstrates the critical importance of treating wastewater before to discharge.
Study of the Performance of an Indirect Forced Convection Solar Dryer Incorporating a Thermal Energy Storage Device on a Granite Bed for Drying Tomatoes
Authors: Tera Salifou , Sinon Souleymane , KAM Sié , Kayaba Haro , Sanogo Ourmar , Stutz Benoit
Published: July 2024

Indirect solar dryers combining a solar collector and an enclosure enable the drying process to be run smoothly, with good quality dried products. However, when the process lasts longer than one day, some of the products may be damaged when the drying process is interrupted. The integration of a thermal storage system into indirect solar dryer systems can make up for the unavailability of solar energy and enable the drying process to continue over longer periods without the need for additional energy. With this in mind, the present study investigates the performance of a forced convection indirect solar dryer coupled with a thermal energy accumulator for drying tomatoes. The experiments were carried out with a drying air flow rate of 0.01 kg/s during the drying period. The air flow rate during storage tank charging was 0.013 kg/s. Solar drying performance with and without storage was compared. The results show that to reduce the water content in the dry tomato base from 16.78 kgwater/kgms to 0.125 kgwater/kgms, the indirect solar dryer requires 15 hours of cumulative sunshine spread over two drying days, while the indirect solar dryer coupled with the heat accumulator enables the water content in the dry base to be reduced from 19.81 kgwater/kgms to 0.117 kgwater/kgms over 17 continuous hours, i.e. approximately one sunny day and one night. The overall average efficiency of the indirect solar dryer with heat storage is around 23.31%, compared with 17.47% for the indirect solar dryer.
Utilization of Heat from The Reactor's Outlet Stream in Formaldehyde Production to Reduce Energy Usage in The Heat Exchanger
Authors: Putri Shelma Zulaika , Chairunnisa Shafa , Nugraha Ario Satria
Published: July 2024

Global production of formaldehyde has consistently risen over the past ten years, highlighting its extensive industrial applications and high demand across various sectors worldwide. However, its production continues to consume a significant amount of energy. The aim of this paper is to investigate and propose strategies for enhancing energy efficiency in formaldehyde production processes. Specifically, the study focuses on harnessing heat from the reactor's outlet stream to minimize the energy consumption associated with heat exchangers. By analyzing and optimizing the utilization of this heat source, the paper aims to contribute to sustainable manufacturing practices by reducing overall energy requirements and operational costs in formaldehyde production facilities. The process modification was simulated using Aspen HYSYS and the comparison of net-energy between the basic and the modified process is calculated using the net-energy formula. The results obtained that the Net-Energy (NE) value for both basic and modified process is 316,286,815.4 kJ/h and 125,757,792.9 kJ/h. This shows that the modified process has better energy efficiency compared to the basic process as the net-energy value zero. Therefore, this modification enhances the energy efficiency of the formaldehyde production process through methanol oxidation. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by Universitas Diponegoro and BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Honor Killing Attitudes Amongst Adolescents in Amman, Jordan
Authors: Eisner Manuel , Ghuneim Lana
Published: June 2013

The present study examines attitudes towards honor crimes amongst a sample of 856 ninth grade students (mean age = 14.6, SD = 0.56) from 14 schools in Amman, Jordan. Descriptive findings suggest that about 40% of boys and 20% of girls believe that killing a daughter, sister, or wife who has dishonored the family can be justified. A number of theoretically meaningful predictors were examined: Findings suggest that attitudes in support of honor killings are more likely amongst adolescents who have collectivist and patriarchal world views, believe in the importance of female chastity amongst adolescents, and morally neutralize aggressive behavior in general. Findings for parental harsh discipline are mixed: While the father's harsh discipline is predictive of honor killing attitudes, the mother's behavior is not. Furthermore, support for honor killing is stronger amongst male adolescents and adolescents for low education backgrounds. After controlling for other factors religion and the intensity of religious beliefs are not associated with support for honor killings. Models were tested separately for male and female respondents and suggested no systematic differences in predictors. Limitations and implications are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 39:405–417, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Excuses, excuses: A meta‐analytic review of how mitigating information can change aggression and an exploration of moderating variables
Authors: Barlett Christopher P.
Published: June 2013

Research in the aggression domain has been mixed regarding the effectiveness of using mitigating information (e.g., excuses, apologies) to reduce aggressive behavior after a provocation. Aggression theory (e.g., general aggression model) posits that mitigating information may cues re‐appraisal processes to potentially change aggressive behavior. If re‐appraisal processes are engaged, aggressive behavior is likely to decrease. Currently, no published study has synthesized the literature to test such theoretical claims. The current study used meta‐analysis to test this effect and examine the influence of several possible moderators. Results showed a significant negative effect size, suggesting that mitigating information does indeed reduce aggressive behavior after a provocation. However, these results were qualified by several significant moderators. Results showed that mitigating information reduces aggression when (a) the information did not come from an apology, (b) the non‐apologetic mitigating information was high quality, and c) the provocation was mild (vs. strong). Theoretical extensions are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 39:472–481, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nanomaterials for Ultrasensitive Protein Detection
Authors: Zhang Yi , Guo Yongming , Xianyu Yunlei , Chen Wenwen , Zhao Yuyun , Jiang Xingyu
Published: June 2013

The advances of nanomaterials have provided exciting technologies and novel materials for protein detection, based on the unique properties associated with nanoscale phenomena such as plasmon resonance, catalysis and energy transfer. This article reviews a series of nanomaterials including nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanowires, and nanosheets, and evaluates their performances in the application for protein detection, focusing on approaches that realize ultrasensitive detection. Many of these nanomaterials were used to analyze clinically relevant protein biomarkers. Their detection in the picomolar, femtomolar or even zeptomolar regime has been realized, sometimes even with naked‐eye readout. We summarize the detection methods and results according to materials and targets, review the current challenges, and discuss the solution in the context of technological integration such as combining nanomaterials with microfluidics, and classical analytical technologies.
Near‐Infrared Light‐Mediated Nanoplatforms for Cancer Thermo‐Chemotherapy and Optical Imaging
Authors: Zhang Zhenjiang , Wang Jing , Chen Chunying
Published: June 2013

While thermo‐chemotherapy has proved to be effective in optimizing the efficacies of cancer treatments, traditional chemotherapy is subject to adverse side effects and heat delivery is often challenging in operation. Some photothermal inorganic nanoparticles responsive to near infrared light provide new opportunities for simultaneous and targeted delivery of heat and chemotherapeutics to the tumor sites in pursuit of synergistic effects for efficacy enhancement. The state of the art of nanoparticle‐induced thermo‐chemotherapy is summarized and the advantages and challenges of the major nanoplatforms based on gold nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials, palladium nanosheets, and copper‐based nanocrystals are highlighted. In addition, the optical‐imaging potentials of the nanoplatforms that may endow them with imaging‐guided therapy and therapeutic‐result‐monitoring capabilities are also briefly discussed.
Cassava starch‐based foams reinforced with bacterial cellulose
Authors: da Silva André , Nievola Letícia Maciel , Tischer Cesar Augusto , Mali Suzana , Faria‐Tischer Paula C.S.
Published: June 2013

The objective of this work was to produce composite foams trays based on cassava starch and reinforced with bacterial cellulose using a baking process. Bacterial cellulose (native and modified by a mercerization process) was incorporated into starch composite foams by two methods: direct incorporation of bacterial cellulose powder into the starch matrix during baking process (method 1) or coating the trays surface with bacterial cellulose films (method 2) after they were produced. All formulations resulted in well‐shaped trays, and the addition of bacterial cellulose by method 1 improved the foaming ability of starch producing more expanded and thicker trays. The water absorption capacity was reduced by the incorporation of bacterial cellulose, independently of the method of incorporation. The elongation was improved in trays produced by method 2. These results demonstrate that the incorporation of native or modified cellulose was able to improve some properties of cassava starch trays. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3043–3049, 2013
Emotion, information, and cognition, and some possible consequences for library and information science
Authors: Thellefsen Torkild , Thellefsen Martin , Sørensen Bent
Published: June 2013

We present our semeiotic‐inspired concept of information as 1 of 3 important elements in meaning creation, the 2 other concepts being emotion and cognition. We have the inner world (emotion); we have the outer world (information); and cognition mediates between the two. We analyze the 3 elements in relation to communication and discuss the semeiotics‐inspired communication model, the Dynacom; then, we discuss our semeiotic perspective on the meaning‐creation process and communication with regard to a few, but central, elements in library and information science, namely, the systems‐oriented perspective, the user‐oriented perspective, and a domain‐oriented perspective.
Improved Hydrogen‐Storage Thermodynamics and Kinetics for an RbF‐Doped Mg(NH2)2–2 LiH System
Authors: Li Chao , Liu Yongfeng , Gu Yingjie , Gao Mingxia , Pan Hongge
Published: June 2013

The introduction of RbF into the Mg(NH2)2–2 LiH system significantly decreased its (de‐)hydrogenation temperatures and enhanced its hydrogen‐storage kinetics. The Mg(NH2)2–2 LiH–0.08 RbF composite exhibits the optimal hydrogen‐storage properties as it could reversibly store approximately 4.76 wt % hydrogen through a two‐stage reaction with the onset temperatures of 80 °C for dehydrogenation and 55 °C for hydrogenation. At 130 °C, approximately 70 % of hydrogen was rapidly released from the 0.08 RbF‐doped sample within 180 min, and the fully dehydrogenated sample could absorb approximately 4.8 wt % of hydrogen at 120 °C. Structural analyses revealed that RbF reacted readily with LiH to convert to RbH and LiF owing to the favorable thermodynamics during ball‐milling. The newly generated RbH participated in the following dehydrogenation reaction, consequently resulting in a decrease in the reaction enthalpy change and activation energy.
Energieeffiziente Beleuchtung in Museen unter Einbeziehung konservatorischer Aspekte
Authors: Kaase Heinrich , Aydınlı Sırrı , Gramm Stefan
Published: June 2013

Der Energiebedarf von Gebäuden ist in den letzten Jahren durch die Vorgabe von EU‐Richtlinien und durch nationale Normen begrenzt worden und erfordert eine entsprechende Bewertung der Gebäude zum Nachweis der jeweiligen Energiebedarfszahlen. Dies ist auch auf öffentliche Gebäude wie Museen umzusetzen. Die Themenschwerpunkte Heizung, Kühlung, Behaglichkeit, Lebenszyklusanalyse, konservatorische Klimaanforderungen, Lüftung, Strömungssimulation, Bausubstanzerhaltung und Raumakustik werden in einem Verbundprojekt des BMWi behandelt. Zusätzlich ist ergänzend die Umsetzung der energetisch optimierten Beleuchtung und Erkennbarkeit in abgesicherte Planungsvorschläge zu erarbeiten. Dies gilt sowohl für den Einsatz neuer Lampen‐ und Vorschalttechnik als auch für den kombinierten Einsatz der Tageslichttechnik und elektronischer Kontrollsysteme.

Energy‐efficient lighting in museums, taking conservation into account. Energy demand in buildings has been restricted in recent years by EU Directives and national standards. Buildings now need to be assessed as proof that they meet the relevant energy demand requirements. These assessments must also be performed on public buildings, including museums. As part of a collaborative project, the BMWi (Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology) is currently addressing the issues of heating, cooling, comfort, life‐cycle analysis, conservation‐related requirements for air‐conditioning, ventilation, flow simulation, structural preservation and acoustics. The project will also involve the development of definitive design guidance for implementing lighting and visibility with maximum energy efficiency. This will cover both new lamp and ballast technology and the combined use of daylight technology with electronic control systems.
EnEff:Stadt – Energiekonzept‐Berater für Stadtquartiere
Authors: Erhorn‐Kluttig Heike , Erhorn Hans , Weber Juri , Wössner Simon , Budde Eike
Published: June 2013

Im Rahmen des Begleitforschungsvorhabens zur EnEff:Stadt‐Forschungsinitiative des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi) wurde vom Fraunhofer‐Institut für Bauphysik eine Softwarelösung entwickelt, die Stadtplaner und andere Akteure in diesem Bereich in den ersten Planungsphasen unterstützt. Innerhalb des IEA ECBCS Annex 51 wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit internationalen Partnern hieraus ebenfalls eine englischsprachige Version mit länderabhängigen Rahmenbedingungen und Informationen erstellt. Die Software mit dem Namen “Energiekonzept‐Berater für Stadtquartiere“ (“District Energy Concept Adviser“) enthält eine Sammlung von individuellen Hilfsinstrumenten für die Planung.

Das Herz der Software ist ein Tool, das ein Stadtquartier energetisch bewertet. Dazu werden Gebäudetypen und weitere vorkonfigurierte Systeme herangezogen, um eine einfache und schnelle Abbildung der Gebäude im Quartier zu ermöglichen. Dadurch benötigt der Anwender nur wenige Schritte, um das Energieeinsparpotenzial von verschiedenen Strategien aus dem Bereich der Gebäudehülle, der Anlagentechnik und zentralen Energieversorgungssystemen zu ermitteln.

EnEff:Stadt – The District Energy Concept Adviser. Within the framework of the German research initiative EnEff:Stadt (launched by the German Federal Ministry for Economy and Technology), Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP has developed a computer programme to support actors in the field of urban planning during the first stages of planning energy‐efficient district concepts. This programme was developed in collaboration with international partners from IEA ECBCS Annex 51 “Energy Efficient Communities“ and comprises a set of individual supporting tools.

The very heart of the programme is a tool for the energy assessment of districts, which uses archetypes and other pre‐set configurations to allow for a simple and quick data input mapping all the buildings in the district. Thus it takes the user just a few steps to identify the energy saving potential of various strategies in the areas of building construction, technical building systems, and centralized supply systems.
Nutzenergiebedarfe für Heizen und Kühlen nach neuer DIN V 18599
Authors: Maas Anton , Höttges Kirsten
Published: June 2013

Mit der Neuausgabe der DIN V 18599‐2 Ende 2011 ergeben sich Änderungen und Neuerungen bei der Berechnung der Nutzenergiebedarfe für Heizen und Kühlen von Wohn‐ und Nichtwohngebäuden. Diese werden zusammenfassend dargestellt, Hintergründe erläutert sowie anhand von Beispielrechnungen die Auswirkungen auf die energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden aufgezeigt. Die detaillierte Betrachtung umfasst die Themenbereiche saisonaler Luftwechsel bei Wohngebäuden, bedarfsgerechte Fensterlüftung bei Nichtwohngebäuden, Gebäudeautomation und neue Klimadatensätze.

Building energy needs for heating and cooling according to new DIN V 18599. Along with the new issue of DIN V 18599‐2 at the end of year 2011 there are modifications and innovations concerning the calculation method of energy needs for heating and cooling in residential and non‐residential buildings. These aspects will be summarised, backgrounds will be explained and the consequences for the assessment of energy efficiency of buildings will be displayed by using sample calculation results. The detailed reflection encloses the topic seasonal air change rate for residential buildings, demand orientated window airing for non‐residential windows, building automation (energy management systems) and new climatic data sets.
Personal distributed exposimeter for radio frequency exposure assessment in real environments
Authors: Thielens Arno , De Clercq Hans , Agneessens Sam , Lecoutere Jeroen , Verloock Leen , Declercq Frederick , Vermeeren Günter , Tanghe Emmeric , Rogier Hendrik , Puers Robert , Martens Luc , Joseph Wout
Published: June 2013

For the first time, a personal distributed exposimeter (PDE) for radio frequency (RF) measurements is presented. This PDE is designed based on numerical simulations and is experimentally evaluated using textile antennas and wearable electronics. A prototype of the PDE is calibrated in an anechoic chamber. Compared to conventional exposimeters, which only measure in one position on the body, an excellent isotropy of 0.5 dB (a factor of 1.1) and a 95% confidence interval of 7 dB (a factor of 5) on power densities are measured. Bioelectromagnetics. 34:563–567. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of the Stability of Metal Working Fluid Emulsions by Turbidity Spectra
Authors: Glasse B. , Assenhaimer C. , Guardani R. , Fritsching U.
Published: June 2013

The physical stability of emulsions can be related to changes in the droplet size distribution over time. Stability control of emulsions used as metal working fluids is an important factor for the machining industry due to the decreased performance of aged and broken emulsions. Results of turbidimetric spectra measurements of metal working fluids for process control purposes and emulsion stability monitoring are discussed. Metal working emulsions were artificially destabilized by admixing salts which resulted in droplet coagulation. The destabilization process was investigated by measuring the droplet size distribution and the turbidity spectra over time. The results were evaluated based on quantitative criteria proposed in the literature. The applicability of these criteria to evaluate metal working fluids during machining operations is discussed.
Linear Free‐Energy Correlations for the Vinylheptafulvene Ring Closure: A Probe for Hammett σ Values
Authors: Broman Søren Lindbæk , Jevric Martyn , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted
Published: June 2013

Linear free‐energy relationships, like Hammett correlations, are fundamental in physical organic chemistry for the elucidation of reaction mechanisms. In this work, we show that Hammett correlations exist for the ring closure of six different model systems of vinylheptafulvenes (VHFs) to their corresponding dihydroazulenes (DHAs). These first‐order reactions were easily followed by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy on account of the significantly different absorption characteristics between VHFs and DHAs. Opposing effects displayed by substituent groups at two different positions are conveniently accounted for by simply subtracting the two Hammett σ values of each group. The linear correlations readily allow us to obtain unknown and approximate Hammett σ values for previously uninvestigated substituents. We also show that they can provide alternative values to the standard ones. We present values for a variety of substituent groups ranging from alkynes, sulfones, sulfoxides, and different heteroaromatics. The electronic effects exerted by substituent groups on VHFs are also reflected in their absorption maxima. Thus, we have established an empirical relationship between the absorption maximum of the VHF and the Hammett σ values of its substituents. This fine‐tuning of electronic properties is particularly important for the ongoing efforts of using the DHA/VHF molecular switch in molecular electronics devices.
Well‐Dispersed Pt Cubes on Porous Cu Foam: High‐Performance Catalysts for the Electrochemical Oxidation of Glucose in Neutral Media
Authors: Niu Xiangheng , Lan Minbo , Zhao Hongli , Chen Chen
Published: June 2013

The investigation of highly efficient catalysts for the electrochemical oxidation of glucose is the most critical challenge to commercialize nonenzymatic glucose sensors, which display a few attractive superiorities including the sufficient stability of their properties and the desired reproducibility of results over enzyme electrodes. Herein we propose a new and very promising catalyst: Pt cubes well‐dispersed on the porous Cu foam, for the the electrochemical oxidation reaction of glucose in neutral media. The catalyst is fabricated in situ on a homemade screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE) substrate through initially synthesizing the three‐dimensional (3D) porous Cu foam using a hydrogen evolution assisted electrodeposition strategy, followed by electrochemically reducing the platinic precursor simply and conveniently. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proofs demonstrate that Pt cubes, with an average size (the distance of opposite faces) of 185.1 nm, highly dispersed on the macro/nanopore integrated Cu foam support can be reproducibly obtained. The results of electrochemical tests indicate that the cubic Pt‐based catalyst exhibits significant enhancement on the catalytic activity towards the electrooxidation of glucose in the presence of chloride ions, providing a specific activity 6.7 times and a mass activity 5.3 times those of commercial Pt/C catalysts at −0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). In addition, the proposed catalyst shows excellent stability of performance, with only a 2.8 % loss of electrocatalytic activity after 100 repetitive measurements.
Synthetic, Spectroscopic, and DFT Studies of Iron Complexes with Iminobenzo(semi)quinone Ligands: Implications for o‐Aminophenol Dioxygenases
Authors: Bittner Michael M. , Kraus David , Lindeman Sergey V. , Popescu Codrina V. , Fiedler Adam T.
Published: June 2013

The oxidative CC bond cleavage of o‐aminophenols by nonheme Fe dioxygenases is a critical step in both human metabolism (the kynurenine pathway) and the microbial degradation of nitroaromatic pollutants. The catalytic cycle of o‐aminophenol dioxygenases (APDOs) has been proposed to involve formation of an FeII/O2/iminobenzosemiquinone complex, although the presence of a substrate radical has been called into question by studies of related ring‐cleaving dioxygenases. Recently, we reported the first synthesis of an iron(II) complex coordinated to an iminobenzosemiquinone (ISQ) ligand, namely, [Fe(Tp)(tBuISQ)] (2 a; where Tp=hydrotris(3,5‐diphenylpyrazol‐1‐yl)borate and tBuISQ is the radical anion derived from 2‐amino‐4,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol). In the current manuscript, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and a wide variety of spectroscopic methods (electronic absorption, Mössbauer, magnetic circular dichroism, and resonance Raman) were employed to obtain detailed electronic‐structure descriptions of 2 a and its one‐electron oxidized derivative [3 a]+. In addition, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a parallel series of complexes featuring the neutral supporting ligand tris(4,5‐diphenyl‐1‐methylimidazol‐2‐yl)phosphine (TIP). The isomer shifts of about 0.97 mm s−1 obtained through Mössbauer experiments confirm that 2 a (and its TIP‐based analogue [2 b]+) contain FeII centers, and the presence of an ISQ radical was verified by analysis of the absorption spectra in light of time‐dependent DFT calculations. The collective spectroscopic data indicate that one‐electron oxidation of the FeII–ISQ complexes yields complexes ([3 a]+ and [3 b]2+) with electronic configurations between the FeIII–ISQ and FeII–IBQ limits (IBQ=iminobenzoquinone), highlighting the ability of o‐amidophenolates to access multiple oxidation states. The implications of these results for the mechanism of APDOs and other ring‐cleaving dioxygenases are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal and Electronic Structures of the New Quaternary RCr3Si2C (R: Y, Gd—Tm, Lu, U) Compounds.
Authors: Lemoine Pierric , Tobola Janusz , Verniere Anne , Malaman Bernard
Published: June 2013

The new quaternary intermetallic compounds LnCr3Si2C (Ln: Y, Gd—Tm, Lu, U) are melt‐casted from the elements and characterized by both powder and single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Performance of Cd1‐xInxTe Compound for Solar Cell Applications.
Authors: Shenouda Atef Y. , Rashad Mohamed M. , Chow Lee
Published: June 2013

Samples of the title compound with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 are prepared by reaction of CdSO4, InCl3, and TeCl4 in aqueous NH3 solution (pH 9) followed by addition of NaBH4 solution (85 °C, 2 h) to reduce the formed hydroxide phase to the alloy.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Thermoelectric Properties of Cu6Fe4Sn12Se32 Single Crystal.
Authors: Suekuni K. , Tsuruta K. , Fukuoka H. , Koyano M.
Published: June 2013

A single crystal of the title compound is obtained from a stoichiometric mixture of the elements (evacuated quartz tube, 923 K, 3 h; very slow cooling to 873 K).
ChemInform Abstract: Reversible Oxygen Removal and Uptake in the La2ZnMnO6 Double Perovskite: Performance in Symmetrical SOFC Cells.
Authors: Martinez‐Coronado R. , Aguadero A. , Alonso J. A. , Fernandez‐Diaz M. T.
Published: June 2013

Polycrystalline La2ZnMnO6 is prepared by sol‐gel synthesis starting with stoichiometric amounts of La2O3, ZnO, and MnCO3 dissolved in citric acid and some drops of HNO3 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, Optical Property, and Electronic Structure of Ba7AgGa5Se15.
Authors: Yin Wenlong , He Ran , Feng Kai , Hao Wenyu , Yao Jiyong , Wu Yicheng
Published: June 2013

Reddish orange single crystals of the new title compound are prepared by solid state reaction of BaSe and AgGaSe2 in the molar ratio 2:1 (sealed silica tube, 1273 K, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Robust Benzimidazolylidene Palladium Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Applications in Amination of Chloroarenes.
Authors: Fang Weiwei , Jiang Jian , Xu Yong , Zhou Yuefei , Tu Tao
Published: June 2013

Three pyridine stabilized palladium N‐heterocyclic carbenes are developed to catalyze the amination of (hetero)aryl chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed N‐Nitroso‐Directed C—H Olefination of Arenes. High‐Yield, Versatile Coupling under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Liu Baoqing , Fan Yang , Gao Yang , Sun Chao , Xu Cheng , Zhu Jin
Published: June 2013

Ortho‐olefination of a variety of N‐nitroso compounds proceeds with excellent regioselectivity and high yields and tolerates various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylation of Aldehydes with Potassium Allyltrifluoroborate Catalyzed by Lanthanide‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework.
Authors: Freitas Juliano C. R. , de Oliveira Cristiane K. , Cunha Edilanio C. , Malvestiti Ivani , Alves Severino Jr. , Longo Ricardo L. , Menezes Paulo H.
Published: June 2013

The reaction is advantageous with regards to short times, high yields, and reusability of the heterogeneous catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Mediated Inter‐ and Intramolecular C—S Coupling of Thiols and Thioacetates with Aryl Iodides at Room Temperature
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Bo , Liu Jian , Zhang Jian‐Jian , Wang Ya‐Wen , Peng Yu
Published: June 2013

24 examples for the intermolecular coupling and 14 examples for the intramolecular cyclization
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Carbon—Chlorine Bond Activation by Bimetallic Gold/Palladium Alloy Nanoclusters: An Application to Ullmann Coupling.
Authors: Dhital Raghu Nath , Kamonsatikul Choavarit , Somsook Ekasith , Bobuatong Karan , Ehara Masahiro , Karanjit Sangita , Sakurai Hidehiro
Published: June 2013

Bimetallic gold/palladium alloy nanoclusters are found to be efficient catalysts in the Ullmann coupling of chloroarenes in aqueous media at low temperatures.
ChemInform Abstract: Distinctive meta‐Directing Group Effect for Iridium‐Catalyzed 1,1‐Diarylalkene Enantioselective Hydrogenation.
Authors: Bess Elizabeth N. , Sigman Matthew S.
Published: June 2013

A novel iridium catalyst is prepared and tested in the enantioselective hydrogenation of 1,1‐diarylalkenes (I) and (III) bearing a meta‐directing group.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Applications of Some Novel Spiro Heterocycles Containing 1,3,4‐Thiadiazine, Thiazole, and Oxazole Derivatives.
Authors: Dabholkar Vijay V. , Bhusari Nitin V.
Published: June 2013

Most of the novel spiro‐heterocycles show significant activity against gram‐positive as well as gram‐negative bacteria.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of α‐Substituted 2‐Benzofuranmethamines and Other 2‐Substituted Benzofurans via α‐Substituted 2‐Benzofuranmethyl Carbocation Intermediates.
Authors: Wongsa Nikhom , Sommart Ubonta , Ritthiwigrom Thunwadee , Yazici Arife , Kanokmedhakul Somdej , Kanokmedhakul Kwanjai , Willis Anthony C. , Pyne Stephen G.
Published: June 2013

AgNO3‐catalyzed cyclization of propargyl amines of type (I) and (VI) followed by 1,3‐allylic rearrangement allows a new access to 2‐benzofuranmethamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1‐(Tetrahydrofuran‐3‐yl)‐1,3‐dihydroisobenzofuran Derivatives via Prins Bicyclization.
Authors: Reddy B. V. Subba , Jalal Sayed , Borkar Prashant , Yadav J. S. , Reddy P. Gurava , Sarma A. V. S.
Published: June 2013

Diol (I) reacts with various aldehydes to give the title skeleton as a subunit of various natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Rh‐Catalyzed Domino Transformations of Alkynylcyclohexadienones with Organoboron Reagents.
Authors: Keilitz Juliane , Newman Stephen G. , Lautens Mark
Published: June 2013

Title reactions proceed with moderate to good enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Thienopyrimidinedione Formation versus Ester Hydrolysis from Ureido Carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester.
Authors: Reille‐Seroussi Marie , Labruere Raphael , Inguimbert Nicolas , Broussy Sylvain , Gagey‐Eilstein Nathalie , Liu Wang‐Qing , Vidal Michel , Huguenot Florent
Published: June 2013

The process is studied for a broad spectrum of substrates with respect to product ratio of ester hydrolysis and cyclization to pyrimidinediones.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopentadiene—Phosphine/Palladium‐Catalyzed Cleavage of C—N Bonds in Secondary Amines: Synthesis of Pyrrole and Indole Derivatives from Secondary Amines and Alkenyl or Aryl Dibromides.
Authors: Geng Weizhi , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Hao Wei , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: June 2013

A palladium‐catalyzed C—N‐bond cleavage followed by subsequent C—N coupling reactions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 3,3‐Disubstituted Oxindoles Featuring Two Heteroatoms at the C3 Position.
Authors: Zhou Feng , Zeng Xing‐Ping , Wang Chao , Zhao Xiao‐Li , Zhou Jian
Published: June 2013

Thiooxindoles (I) and alkoxyindoles (IV) are shown to be reactive nucleophiles for further functionalization, which have potential applications in the asymmetric construction of sulfur‐ and oxygen‐containing quaternary oxindols.
ChemInform Abstract: Mixing with Microwaves: Solvent‐Free and Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Pyrazoles and Diazepines.
Authors: Vaddula Buchi Reddy , Varma Rajender S. , Leazer John
Published: June 2013

A facile method is developed for the condensation of hydrazines, hydrazides, and o‐phenylenediamine with β‐diketo compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodoacetic Acid Is an Efficient Reagent for the Synthesis of Amino Acid Derived 1‐Aminobenzimidazoles.
Authors: Krasikovs Andrejs , Ozola Vita , Dax Scott L. , Suna Edgars
Published: June 2013

The title compound is found to be the most efficient reagent to promote the cyclization—desulfurization of thioureas, derived from amino acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of Chiral Oxazolidinone Scaffolds via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring‐Opening with Sodium Cyanate.
Authors: Tsui Gavin Chit , Ninnemann Nina M. , Hosotani Akihito , Lautens Mark
Published: June 2013

The synthesis of chiral oxazolidinone scaffolds from readily available oxabicyclic alkenes is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Construction of Oxa‐ and Aza‐Angular Triquinanes Through Tandem [4 + 1]/[3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Sulfur Ylides and Nitroolefins.
Authors: An Jing , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Yang Qing‐Qing , Wang Tao , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: June 2013

The asymmetric [4 + 1] annulation of chiral binaphthyl sulfur ylides (I) with nitrostyrenes (II) leads to desired nitronates (III) which suffer an intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition in refluxing toluene to afford triquinanes (IV) with high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of 3‐Nitrophthalic Anhydride by SnCl2 in Different Alcohols: A Simple Synthesis of Alkyl 1,3‐Dihydro‐3‐oxo‐2,1‐benzisoxazole‐4‐carboxylates.
Authors: Chicha Hakima , Abbassi Najat , Rakib El Mostapha , Khouili Mostafa , El Ammari Lahcen , Spinelli Domenico
Published: June 2013

The reduction of substrate (I) in the presence of alcohols affords the corresponding amines and the unexpected title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient, One‐Pot, Green Synthesis of Tetracyclic Imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles via Electrochemically Induced Tandem Heteroannulation Reactions.
Authors: Khodaei Mohammad M. , Alizadeh Abdolhamid , Kanjouri Tayyebeh
Published: June 2013

For the first time the title compounds (III) are synthesized through anodic oxidation from commercially available starting materials without any base, acid or metal catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Eosin Y Catalyzed Visible‐Light‐Driven Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization of Thioamides to 1,2,4‐Thiadiazoles.
Authors: Srivastava Vishnu P. , Yadav Arvind K. , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: June 2013

Notable features of the title method are a simple one‐pot operation, high efficiency, and eco‐friendly reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Phosphorylated Guanidine Derivatives from Cyanamide and Their Antiinflammatory Activity.
Authors: Katla Venkata Ramana , Syed Rasheed , Kuruva Chandra Sekhar , Kuntrapakam Hema Kumar , Chamarthi Naga Raju
Published: June 2013

Compounds (Va,d,f) show high antiinflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling via Base‐Promoted Homolytic Aromatic Substitution (BHAS): Synthesis of Fluorenones and Xanthones.
Authors: Wertz Sebastian , Leifert Dirk , Studer Armido
Published: June 2013

A series of fluorenones and xanthones are synthesized by cross dehydrogenative coupling reaction occurring via base‐promoted homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS).
ChemInform Abstract: 6,8‐Dibromo‐4‐chloroquinoline‐3‐carbaldehyde as a Synthon in the Development of Novel 1,6,8‐Triaryl‐1H‐pyrazolo[4,3‐c]quinolines.
Authors: Maluleka Marole M. , Mphahlele Malose J.
Published: June 2013

The readily available title synthon (III) is a valuable precursor of diversely functionalized polysubstituted and annulated quinoline derivatives by substitution and metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of 4‐Azaeudistomin Y1 (V) and Analogues (VI) by Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels—Alder Reactions of 3‐Aminoindoles with 1,3,5‐Triazines.
Authors: Xu Guoxing , Zheng Lianyou , Dang Qun , Bai Xu
Published: June 2013

Product (IIIc) is successfully elaborated as precursor in a short synthesis of the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyridopyrazine‐1,6‐diones from 6‐Hydroxypicolinic Acids via a One‐Pot Coupling/Cyclization Reaction
Authors: Tran Tuan P. , Mullins Patrick B. , am Ende Christopher W. , Pettersson Martin
Published: June 2013

with amino alcohols
ChemInform Abstract: First Synthesis of 5,8‐Dichloro‐3‐(2‐pyridyl)benzo[e][1,2,4]triazines by Reaction of 3,3,6,6‐Tetrachloro‐1,2‐cyclohexanedione with 2‐Pyridylamidrazones. Characterization of Unexpected Bishemiaminal Intermediates.
Authors: Guirado Antonio , Lopez Sanchez Jose I. , Moreno Ruben , Galvez Jesus
Published: June 2013

A simple one‐pot protocol allows the synthesis of triazines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Access to Tetrahydro[1,2]diazepinones from α,β‐Epoxy‐N‐aziridinylimines via Anionic Rearrangement.
Authors: Wu Fufang , Dong Min , Fang Fang , Sang Yingxia , Li Yun , Cheng Bin , Zhang Lihe , Zhai Hongbin
Published: June 2013

A novel one‐step synthetic approach to tetrahydro[1,2]diazepinones via base‐promoted rearrangement of α,β‐epoxy‐N‐aziridinylimines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed P—C Cross‐Coupling Reactions for Versatile Triarylphosphine Synthesis.
Authors: Hayashi Minoru , Matsuura Takashi , Tanaka Ippei , Ohta Hidetoshi , Watanabe Yutaka
Published: June 2013

A series of aryl(diphenyl)phosphine sulfides (III) is readily prepared by a Pd‐catalyzed P—C cross‐coupling reaction of (hydroxymethyl)diphenylphosphine sulfide (I) with aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐(Selenocyanatomethyl)‐2‐propenol — A Convenient Synthon for Ligation via the Deselenative Allylic Rearrangement of Allyl Selenosulfides: Preparation, Functional Group Compatibility, and Application.
Authors: Lachkar David , Boudet Caroline , Guinchard Xavier , Crich David
Published: June 2013

The title alcohol (IIb), the smallest possible alcohol derived from methallyl selenocyanate, is a readily prepared functionalized allylic selenocyanate whose hydroxyl group can be derivatized by glycosylation under standard conditions without detriment to the selenium functionality.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Triterpenoid Saponins from the Root of Platycodon grandiflorum
Authors: Ma Guoxu , Guo Wenjie , Zhao Lizi , Zheng Qingxia , Sun Zhaocui , Wei Jianhe , Yang Junshan , Xu Xudong
Published: June 2013

isolation and structure determination of platycodon A (Ia) and B (Ib), which show remarkable cytotoxic activities against HepG‐2 and A549 cancer cell lines
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Approach to Regioselective O‐Benzylation of Primary Positions of Polyols.
Authors: Giordano Maddalena , Iadonisi Alfonso
Published: June 2013

Two sequential additions of Bn‐Br and DIPEA in the presence of substoichiometric Bu4NI are optimal for the efficient regioselective benzylation of a variety of carbohydrate‐derived polyols at a primary ‐OH group.
ChemInform Abstract: Large Scale Selective Synthesis of α‐Co(OH)2 and β‐Co(OH)2 Nanosheets Through a Fluoride Ions Mediated Phase Transformation Process.
Authors: Cui Hongtao , Zhao Yunan , Ren Wanzhong , Wang Minmin , Liu Yan
Published: June 2013

The title nanosheets are selectively synthesized through an epoxide precipitation reaction from an aqueous solution containing CoCl2, propylene oxide, and NH4F (ambient atmosphere, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Molten Salt Synthesis of Ceramic Powders
Authors: Kimura Toshio
Published: June 2013

Review: 65 refs.