EFFICIENCY OF FOLIAR FEEDING IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF POTATO CULTIVATION IN THE LOWER VOLGA REGION
Authors:   Volgograd State Agrarian University, Zakharova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Petrov Nikolay Yurievich ,   Volgograd State Agrarian University Russia, Belyaev Alexander Ivanovich ,   Integrated Land Reclamation and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pugacheva Anna Mikhailovna ,   Integrated Land Reclamation and Protective Aforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The data are considered on the basis of the studies obtained in the field of application of agrotechnical methods in the technology of potato cultivation, which affect the increase in yield, reduction in the timing of the harvest of various varieties of potatoes. The object of research was the potato varieties Utenok, Ivan da Marya, Aroza. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on various varieties of potatoes, namely, Utenok, an early ripening species obtained at the Penza Research Institute of Agriculture, Ivan da Marya, the popular name for a variety of Dutch selection with mid-early ripening Picasso, Aroza variety - ultra early ripe, bred by German breeders. The subject of the study was foliar feeding Nagro, Cytovit and Siliplant. Field studies to determine the effectiveness of Cytovit, Nagro and Siliplant were carried out in 2019 - 2021. according to the method of B.A. Dospekhova (2011). Results and conclusions. The most significant method for increasing yields is to optimize the conditions of mineral nutrition, taking into account the provision of plants with macro- and microelements, thereby achieving the use of foliar top dressing of vegetative plants with fertilizers in the most digestible chelate form. When studying the nutritional regime of potatoes, the effectiveness of using foliar feeding of plants with chelated fertilizers was shown. The background application of mineral fertilizers in combinatorial use with solutions for foliar feeding showed a stimulating effect on the formation of the vegetative mass of potato plants. It was found that two-time foliar application of Nagro affects the formation of the largest mass of potato plant tops (97.5% more in relation to the mass of tops of plants grown without the use of Nagro). Foliar feeding Cytovit contributes to the maximum efficiency of the leaf apparatus, for every 1000 units of photosynthetic potential, 3.01 kg more tubers are formed than 1000 units of photosynthetic potential of plants grown without the use of top dressing. Optimization of the nutritional regime of potatoes affects the size of the yield. An effective yield increase is provided by the use of foliar preparations - Siliplant, Cytovit and Nagro (yield increase 16.5-18.3 t/ha). Growing potatoes in a wide-row way, with a row spacing of 0.9 m, and in a row between tubers from 0.32 to 0.35 m, ensures the production of products as early as possible according to the soil and climatic conditions of the Astrakhan region. The data are analyzed and conclusions about the dynamics of the formation of yields of different varieties of potatoes are formulated. Early varieties characterized by early crop productivity were identified: Utenok, Ivan da Marya, Aroza.