bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL BASES FOR THE CREATION OF AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF LEVELS OF PERCEPTION CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT (PERCEPTION.GUIDE)
Authors: Vorobiyenko Petro P. , Vasylenko Oksana A. , Chepelyuk Nataliya I.
Published: March 2019

The article describes the results of research on the process of human perception of information, the definitions of the main channels of perception of the external world, and the diagnoses of the prevailing channel. The experience and practical achievements of scientists are analyzed in the context of psychology, pedagogy, socionics, neurolinguistic programming. Certain methods for diagnosing the dominant channel of human perception of information using electronic resources and software complexes are considered. An extended model of the process of human information perception is presented based on the three-element classification of personality types: visual, audial, kinesthetic. The main stages of the creation of an automated "perception.guide" system for diagnosing the leading channel of information perception with the purpose of choosing the most effective teaching methods using information and communication technologies are revealed. The advantages of using the system for educational purposes are determined.
Infinite-Variance Error Structure in Finance and Economics
Authors: SERTTAŞ Fatma Özgü
Published: March 2019

Many macroeconomic and
financial data exhibit large outliers and high volatility so that their returns
are usually modeled to follow an infinite-variance stable process. Extreme
behaviors in such data tend to exist especially for emerging markets due to
frequent existence of high economic turmoil. A relatively new area of research studies
that model the financial returns as infinite-variance stable errors exists for
emerging markets as well as for industrialized countries. This study aims to
briefly introduce the reader the concept of infinite-variance stable
distributions, discuss some existing studies on unit root and co-integration
tests that assume infinite-variance stable error structure, and then to point
out the potential lines of research while showing the significance of this relatively
new concept.
Lessons in Econometric Methodology: The Axiom of Correct Specification
Authors: ZAMAN Asad
Published: March 2019

Leamer first pointed
out that a regression model is valid only if all of the assumptions under which
it is constructed are valid. In particular, this means that all of relevant
regressors which are determinants must be included. In practice, applied
econometricians assume that whatever model they put is valid, when there can
only be one valid model. If any relevant regressor is omitted, then the
equation is mis-specified and conclusions drawn from the regression can be
seriously misleading. Even though this mis-specification analysis is included
in textbooks, it is routinely ignored in applications, where researcher
interpret their equations as if they have correctly specified all regressors,
without testing to see if this may be the cases. Hendry’s encompassing
methodology provides a remedy for this problem, but seems to be unfamiliar to
many. The purpose of this pedagogical note is to provide an introduction to an
elementary but important aspect of this methodology
Cycle Duration in Production with Periodicity – Evidence from Turkey
Authors: AKDİ Yilmaz , VARLİK Serdar , BERUMENT Hakan
Published: March 2019

In this paper, the sub-cycles
in two economic activity measures are analyzed
by using periodogram analyses. Our
results from Turkish data suggest that industrial production and capacity
utilization rate consist of various cycles including seasonal cycles.
These series also have common cycles
which correspond about four and seven years. Last, industrial production has also additional cycles compare to capacity utilization
ratio cycle.
The Commodity Futures Volatility and Macroeconomic Fundamentals - The Case of Oil and Oilseed Commodities in India
Authors: Joarder Suranjana
Published: March 2019

Food price inflation results in uncertainty in the food markets and reduces real income asfood covers a relatively large share of the households’ expenditures in the LDCs. As priceof food commodities are primarily governed by the underlying demand and supplyconditions, we have analyzed the association of futures price volatility with the underlyingmacroeconomic variables. A strong association of futures price volatility with theunderlying macro variables will imply that futures market operates based on theimplications of the macroeconomic policies and are not merely driven by speculativemotive. The association between futures price and the macroeconomic variables will helpin developing policies aimed at stabilizing food prices. For our study we have consideredthe five major oil and oilseed contracts traded on National Commodity and DerivativesExchange. We have considered the nearest three month contracts traded on the exchange.In our study we observe that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Index of IndustrialProduction (IIP) growth rate have significant impact on futures price volatility. We havealso found a significant relation between futures price volatility and inflation. Thesefindings have important implications for commodity production decision making,commodity hedging and commodity price forecasting.  
UNDERSTANDING THE NEW MEDIA LITERACY IN SPREADING HOAXES AND HATE SPEECH
Authors: Putri Cahyani Intan
Published: March 2019

The emergence of the internet and social media has changed the ease of interaction and the position of humans where they are no longer just as consumers, but as producers and distributors of messages. Whatsapp as the top three social media platforms that are widely used in Indonesia is one of the most common social media circulating information on hoaxes and hate speeches. With the massive information circulating on social media, new media literacy has a very significant role. Lecturers as professional and well-educated people should be able to understand, analyze, assess, and criticize every information carried by social media. But lately there have been various cases of misuse of social media involving lecturers to the realm of law. This will be a threat because lecturers are professions that are used as role models and key opinion leaders in the society. Therefore, researchers are interested in understanding the experience of new media literacy in the dissemination of information on hoaxes and hate speech among social media lecturers, especially Whatsapp Group. Jenkins's theory of new media literacy is used in this qualitative research with an interpretive constructivism paradigm. The research method uses Edmund Husserl's classical phenomenology which emphasizes the essence of the subject (human consciousness) and its activities. The results show that Whatsapp Group is used as a form of communication and information exchange. Sharing is caring has a strong influence on lecturers to spread all the information that is on Whatsapp Group. The main reason for disseminating information related to perceptions of interests and usefulness of the information, so that sometimes the lecturers unwittingly spread hoaxes and hate speech.
FACEBOOK AS A MAIN TOOLS OF THE ‘CATFISH’ CRIME:
Authors: Jumrah Mohd Hanafi , Hossin Aisah , Nissanto Nadirah
Published: March 2019

Cyber-crime cases involving women, especially single mothers are becoming one of the most serious social issues. Technological acceleration becomes a new mechanism in making single mothers as a major target of catfish. Catfish can be defined as an individual who uses the second identity to attract the attention of victims of cyber-love crime by giving a perfect shadow to his opponent. The objective of this study is to identify the major factors contributing to the crime of cyber-love from the perspective of the victim's experiences involving five informants through an in-depth interview. The findings show that the main medium used by catfish in trapping single mothers is through Facebook. Meanwhile, the major contributing factors to cyber-crime crimes are categorized into two main themes which are the social environment and interpersonal attraction.
SDG’S IMPLEMENTATION IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Authors: Hastika Ardiwidjaja Nunung
Published: March 2019

Since dispersion enactment in Indonesia, two third of citizen well being and prosperity are depend on the performance of Local Government, from environment sanitation, such as waste management, to education quality and health services. It all depends on the quality of Local Government public services. SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) is (a) a new development agreement, substitution for MDGs. This agreement effective since 2015 until 2030; (b) a 35 pages document that have been approved by 190 country; (c) contain 17 goals, and 169 development target. SDGs procedure processes are based on inspiration and aspiration of Local Government.  Through city association and Local Government in large-scale level, Local Government has been actively participating in SDGs formulation and validation. Therefore to Local Government, the capital and kabupaten government role are important for SDGs. Because there are some facts and validation that justify that.

Few of SDGs focus become development underlying principle that consistent with nine main concern programme known as Nawacita, such as human development, education and social welfare, sustainable economics, energy and climate change. SDGs are prolongation from MDGs targets, especially in derivation of mother mortality, derivation of child mortality, derivation of AIDS/HIV, water supply and sanitation coverage. The four unfinished target, cannot be forgotten and neglected, because the targets are also align with some of SDGs goals and target. These are some of the things that Local Government can perform: Action plan, execution committee, institutional, funding, accountability mechanism, and socialization.

In the end, Local Government be able to design an accurate and rapid policy thus for impartial Indonesia, a better citizen well being. And also to urge a better government effort to precede with SDGs agenda and utilize civilian to strengthen all the advocacy effort that have been done.
THE ROLE OF MALAYSIAN ONLINE MEDIA FOR ACHIEVING THE SDGS AND THE MALAYSIA’S DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
Authors: Nik Hasan Nik Norma
Published: March 2019

In this presentation I argue that the media are important tools of national development. One way to propel the SDGs into the public sphere and planes of national discourse is through the media because  of its ability to hold government accountable to the people. Subsequently, the role of the media in development will be: to serve as nation builders, partners with government, agents of empowerment as well as watchdogs and guardians of transparency. This study used the News Framing theory to examine how Malaysian online newspapers framed the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which also aligns with the 11th Malaysia Plan (2016-2020). Previous research already shows that Malaysians exhibit an intensive online news consumption behavior. This suggests that the Malaysian online newspapers can assign importance to developmental issues and raise them to the planes of national discourse. The significant themes from the findings appeared in five broad themes: economy, education, environment, infrastructure and poverty. These themes intermingled with all the 17SDGs and 11MP. Salience was attributed to Malaysian development agendas through routinely used key words and phrases, news elements and news sources. This suggests that the sampled Malaysian online newspapers served a watchdog role.
Place Attachment and a Municipal Parks and Recreation Special Event
Authors: Fulthorp Keith , Plunkett Dan
Published: March 2019

This study examined special event attendees' place attachment to a special event hosted by a municipal parks and recreation agency in Southern California. Specifically, this study sought to understand if attendees reported attachment to a special event, and if event attachment differed among attendee characteristics such as residency, involvement in the event, loyalty, and agency awareness. Data were collected at an annual event in Manhattan Beach, California. ANOVA was used to test four hypotheses. Results indicated that measuring event attachment is possible, and that repeat attendees displayed higher levels of attachment than first-time attendees. Results indicated no significant difference among attendee's attachment levels based on residency, level of involvement, or ability to recall the name of the agency responsible for coordinating the event. Further results and implications for event managers in municipal recreation agencies looking to foster a sense of place for attendees are discussed.
Measuring the Economic Impact of the Egyptian Exhibition Industry
Authors: Ragab Adla , Wagdy Khaled
Published: March 2019

This study aims to estimate the economic impact of the exhibitions' industry in Egypt through classifying the expenditure of visitors to the Cairo International Exhibition. The estimation uses the Input–Output model, in which context a survey was carried out to include foreign
visitors and foreign exhibitors of the Cairo International Exhibition, in addition to exhibition organizers, depending upon data relevant to the touristic expenditure. Within this context, the exhibitions' industry expenditure multiplier in Egypt has been estimated on the basis of the input–output
tables published by the Egyptian Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics. The total Egyptian exhibitions' industry expenditure in 2016 was estimated to be L. E1.375 billion (US$155 million), but it has contributed to generating L. E 2.190 billion (US$247 million)
as an output, 6,148 job opportunities, L. E 364.9 million (US$41.2 million) as personal income for the residents, and L. E 1.44 billion (US$162.1 million) as value added.
Predicting Intentions to Revisit and Recommend a Sporting Event Using the Event Experience Scale (EES)
Authors: Coetzee WiIllem J.L. , Lee Craig , Faisal Abrar
Published: March 2019

This study examined the event experience scale (EES) as a predictor of a participant's intentions to revisit and recommend the New Zealand Masters Games (NZMG) using data from 139 on-site surveys. This functions to build a profile of experiences at sporting events and determine which
specific types of experience (affective, cognitive, physical, and novelty) contribute to memorable experiences and satisfaction with the event. Multiple regression analysis identified only affective and physical engagement as significant positive predictors of a participant's intentions to
revisit and recommend the NZMG. However, cognitive engagement and experiencing newness had no effect on behavioral intentions. The findings advance knowledge in the area of event experience and present important implications for event organizers to develop and manage successful sporting events.
Comparing Business Models for Event Sport Tourism: Case Studies in Italy and Slovenia
Authors: Perić Marko , Vitezić Vanja , Mekinc Janez
Published: March 2019

A business model (BM) describes how value is created and delivered to consumers. This managerial concept has gained growing popularity in the last few decades. However, it seems the analytical possibilities of a BM framework have not been recognized by sport tourism researchers. This
article intends to fill a void that would link the BM concept to the area of sport tourism. Its aim is to examine, from the perspective of the sporting event organizer, the BMs of two cycling tourism events. Using the case study method, this article highlights the interplay of key resources
and processes in designing and setting customer value. The findings indicate that although the BMs of the two events differ in many aspects, they both have a strong emphasis on networks and managerial processes aimed at ensuring participant safety and preservation of the environment. Besides
providing a better understanding of the BM concept within the context of sport tourism, the findings would be of great interest for event-related sport practitioners and particularly for the design of management and marketing strategies for the sporting events they organize.
Air Pollution at College Football Games: Developing a Methodology for Measuring Air Pollutant Exposure in a Sport Event Microenvironment
Authors: Bunds Kyle S. , Casper Jonathan M. , Frey H. Christopher , Barrett Martin
Published: March 2019

International organizations such as the United Nations have begun to recognize the connection between sport events and air pollution. However, to date, there has been a dearth of research attempting to measure air pollution at sporting events. To address the lack of research on air
pollution at sporting events, in this article we developed a methodology for measuring the air pollution at a college football game utilizing both stationary and mobile monitoring systems. Stationary monitors allowed for the creation of a microenvironment wherein we could examine the overall
particulate matter exposure within the stadium and tailgate lot areas. Mobile monitors allowed for the examination of specific causes of spikes in air pollution. We found grills, generators, and cars caused pollutant spikes, which were, at times, over 20 times worse than the recognized levels
for moderate air quality. Additionally, while the overall pollution in the microenvironment was elevated, pollutant levels during postgame (i. e., where there is a rush of individuals leaving at the same time) were consistently and considerably higher. Implications for practice and future
research include event policy considerations and the application of the methodology across alternative sporting venues/contexts.
Distinguishing Chalk from Cheese: A 3-I "festivalscape" Typology of Cheese Festival Visitors
Authors: Viljoen Adam , Kruger Martinette
Published: March 2019

This research identified and segmented visitors to a premier South African cheese festival based on their satisfaction with the "festivalscape" elements at the festival. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from visitors over the 3 days of the festival, and 515 usable
questionnaires were included in the analysis. Eight "festivalscapes" were identified (aesthetics and group composition, accessibility and parking, cheese knowledge, festival management, cheese experience, convenience and marketing, entertainment,
and interaction), a combination that has not been previously identified in the literature. The cluster analysis identified three distinct segments, with heterogeneous behavioral and sociodemographic profile identifiers. To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first attempt to segment
culinary visitors based on "festivalscape" factors, especially in the South African context. Segmenting based on "festivalscapes" proved to be a useful market segmentation tool and the authors proposed a 3-I typology of visitors to food-related events and festivals, namely Irrespectives,
Intriguers, and Intentionalists. The labels correspond to each segment's level of satisfaction, ranging from low, medium, to high. The value of this critical market segmentation technique for the marketing and branding of an event or festival is that it could help managers and
marketers to promote better culinary events and festivals in South Africa by offering unique attributes that attract culinary visitors.
Low Protein Diets for Pregnant Women and Its Association with Insulin Secretion and Resistance
Authors: Zarkos Jacqueline , Addai Daniel , Tolekova Anna
Published: March 2019

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complicates 3.5% of pregnancies in England and Wales and continues to show an increase in incidence each year. GDM can lead to diabetes postpartum, it is associated with an increased perinatal risk, and an increase in neonatal mortality. This review article looks at different studies regarding protein diets and their potential effects on GDM. We aimed to determine if a certain protein diet could potentially help protect against GDM using. We found that while a few studies have shown that increasing proteins in the diet of pregnant women, specifically that from poultry, whey, fish, nuts and legumes, may reduce the risk of GDM, there is certainly room for further research on the topic.
Chronic Osteomyelitis after Seven Years Neglected Bone Exposed in 12-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report
Authors: Handayani - , Yaputra Faldi , Hia Berkat , Telaumbanua Victor , Widyadharma I Putu Eka
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Access to modern medicine is still limited in some rural areas in Indonesia. This is mostly due to lack of people’s knowledge and concern for their health, especially in orthopaedic cases. Osteomyelitis is generally described as infection and inflammation of the bone, which results in local bone destruction, necrosis, and apposition of new bone. Chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis (CPTO) is a complex condition and one of the most challenging problems in orthopaedic surgery that cause considerable morbidity.
CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis with radial nerve injury, in which radical surgical debridement and broad-spectrum antibiotic administration were done. A 12-year-old boy with a history of falling from the three-meter-high tree had swollen, deformed, and neglected humerus bone exposed. After stabilisation in the emergency room, surgical limb amputation was scheduled, yet the family refused this medical care and chose debridement instead.
CONCLUSION: This case is an important addition to the literature about chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis with neglected bone exposed and the lacking of society’s concern in regards to orthopaedic cases.
Single - Door Cervical Laminoplasty Using Basket Laminoplasty Device: A Case Report
Authors: Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Bagus , Wardhana Dewa PW , Maliawan Sri , Mizuno Junichi , Widyadharma I Putu Eka
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: The management of the cervical canal stenosis as a result of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is still evolving. Anterior and posterior approaches are still much in demand by the surgeons. In Japan, a posterior approach is more well-known to be used as the case OPLL is often on the populace. Single-door laminoplasty technique or “Hirabayashi” often used with either autograft or allograft, with or without an additional miniplate.
CASE PRESENTATION: In this case report, we would like to report the treatment of tetraparesis patients with “basket laminoplasty” using a special device with some advantages, not only providing stability of the lamina but also at the same time providing bone-graft container/basket for the benefit of the patient's bone fusion.
CONCLUSION: Basket laminoplasty device is an excellent choice for cervical OPLL. We believe the use of this device is very favourable for long-term patient outcome.
Survival Analysis of Cancer Patients in North Eastern Nigeria from 2004 – 2017 – A Kaplan - Meier Method
Authors: Adamu Patience I. , Adamu Muminu O. , Okagbue Hilary I. , Opoola Laban , Bishop Sheila A.
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a deadly malignant disease and is prevalent in Sub Saharan Africa. The North East part of Nigeria in particular and the country, in general, are struggling to cope with the increasing burden of cancer and other communicable and non-communicable diseases. The situation is worsened by the ongoing insurgency and terrorist activities in the area.
AIM: The aim of this paper is to present the research findings from a cohort study aimed at the analysis of the estimation of the survivorship time of the real data of cancer patients in the North-eastern part of Nigeria and to establish if the insurgency in the region has contributed negatively to the life expectancy of its inhabitants.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The record of 1,090 patients from medical records departments of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), located in Maiduguri, the capital city of Borno State in northeast Nigeria was obtained. The record showed patients that were diagnosed and died of one type of cancer or the other from 2004 to 2017. All the cancer cases included in the present study were grouped into sex, age, marital status, occupation, date admitted and date of death/discharge. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier method were used to analyse the data using SPSS version 23 while Microsoft EXCEL and Minitab 16.0 were used for data cleansing and organisation.
RESULTS: Of the 1,090 patients analysed, 920 (84.40%) experienced the event, i.e. death, while 170 (15.60%) patients were censored. The data were analysed based on the ages and sex of the patients. 50.20% of the patients were of ages 21-50 years. The proportions of patients in this age bracket surviving past 7 days are 75%, while those between ages 80 years and above is 12 days. Others are of survival time of 5 days (ages 0-20 years) and 7 days (51-79 years). Using sex, 75% of the patients’ survival time is 7 days in the case of male and 6 days for females. It is safe to say that the survival time for cancer patients of the university the Maiduguri is 6 days and the result reflects the Northeastern part of Nigeria. This is because the hospital is one of few tertiary healthcare facilities in that area and consequently, cancer cases are often referred there.
CONCLUSION: Cancer incidence is high, and the probability of survival reduces as the survival time increases. This is a dire situation in need of urgent intervention from the government, groups and individuals to tackle the scourge of cancer, thereby improving on the life expectancy battered by the ongoing Boko Haram insurgency in that region.
The The Evaluation of the Radiological and Functional Outcome of Distraction Osteogenesis in Patients with Infected Gap Nonunions of Tibia Treated by Bone Transport
Authors: Singh Ayush Kumar , Parihar Mangal , Bokhari Syed
Published: March 2019

AIM: The aims of this investigation were: 1) to study the Functional outcome of performing distraction osteogenesis in cases of infected non-union of tibia treated with Ilizarov and Limb Reconstruction System, and 2) to study the Radiological outcome of performing distraction osteogenesis in cases of infected non-union of tibia treated with Ilizarov and Limb Reconstruction System.
METHODS: The study was done with 27 patients of infected gap nonunions of the tibia at Sir JJ Hospitals, Mumbai from 2013-2016. After implant removal, if required radical resection of necrotic tissue and fractures were stabilised with Ilizarov or mono-lateral fixator depending on non-union site. Corticotomy was either done proximally or distally. Patients were followed up at monthly intervals for a minimum of 6 months.
RESULTS: The ASAMI-Bone healing score was Excellent or Good in 86% patients, and Functional score was Excellent or Good in 89% of patients. The commonest problems were of pin tract infection, wire loosening and angulation of the transported segment.
CONCLUSION: Elderly age, persistent infection, sensory loss in the foot, the stiffness of the knee, and above all the patient’s reluctance to go any further given the protracted treatment besides, systemic disorders such as diabetes are all pointers for considering amputation as an alternative.
Instrumental Balinese Flute Music Therapy Improves Cognitive Function and Serum Dopamine Level in the Elderly Population of West Denpasar Primary Health Care Center
Authors: Laksmidewi Anak Agung Ayu Putri , Mahadewi Ni Putu Ayu Putri , Adnyana I Made Oka , Widyadharma I Putu Eka
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Musical artwork using Balinese flutes made from bamboo (timing buluh) by Agus Teja Sentosa, S.Sn is a combination of music played with flute as the main instrument which contains certain components resembling music therapy such as in western classical music by Antonio Lucio Vivaldi.
AIM: This study aims to determine the improvement of cognitive function and increase in serum dopamine in the elderly after listening to music with Balinese flute as the main instrument.
METHOD: The current study allocated 18 subjects in the control group listened to western classical music by Antonio Lucio Vivaldi, while 18 subjects in the intervention group listened to western classical music and music from Balinese flute as the main instrument by Agus Teja Sentosa, S.Sn. MoCA-Ina assessment and examination of serum dopamine levels were carried out initially and 21 days after listening to music intervention.
RESULTS: The mean increase in cognitive function score was higher in the intervention group (5.22; p < 0.001) than in the control group (4.67; p < 0.001), this increase was not statistically significant with a value of p = 0.562 (p > 0.005). The mean increase in dopamine levels in the control group (3.60) was greater than in the treatment group (3.56), but the mean increase was not statistically significant (p = 0.085).
CONCLUSION: There was a significant relationship between listening to the main instrumental Balinese flute music and the improvement of cognitive function, especially in the memory domain in all study subjects, but the mean increase in cognitive function and serum dopamine level did not reach statistical significance.
Cutaneous Bowen’s Disease: an Analysis of 182 Cases according To Age, Sex, and Anatomical Site from an Italian Center
Authors: Scalvenzi Massimiliano , Villani Alessia , Mazzella Caterina , Fabbrocini Gabriella , Costa Claudia
Published: March 2019

Bowen's disease (BD), also known as squamous cell carcinoma in situ, is a type of non-melanocytic intraepidermal malignancy characterised by a slowly enlarging erythematous to pink, scaly patch or plaque with irregular and well-demarcated borders. These lesions are usually persistent and progressive; it has been estimated that in general population around 3% to 5% of Bowen's disease transform into invasive squamous cell carcinoma. This report describes our experience with cutaneous BD and assesses the differences found about age, sex and anatomical site. Bowen’s disease was seen more frequently in male patients rather than in female patients in contrast to what confirmed in literature - this difference is probably because being head-neck an exposed region, patients are more easily induced to autoexam and to consult the dermatologist.
Assessment of Bottle-Feeding Practices in Kassala, Eastern Sudan: A Community-Based Study
Authors: Hassan Ahmed A. , Taha Zainab , Abdulla Mohamed A. , Ali AbdelAziem A. , Adam Ishag
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization encourages exclusive breastfeeding up to six months and avoidance of bottle-feeding. There are few published research articles on the practice of bottle-feeding and associated factors in Sudan.
AIM: The study aimed to assess the usage and factors associated with bottle-feeding practices during the first six months of life among mothers with children aged between 6 and 24 months in Kassala, Eastern Sudan.
METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2017. A structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant data from interviewed mothers.
RESULTS: A total of 242 mother-child pairs participated in the study. The mean (standard deviation) of maternal age and children’s age was 27.13 (5.73) years and 12.2 (6.7) months, respectively. From the total, 96/242 (39.7%) used bottle-feeding for their children in the first six months of life. In multivariable analysis, urban residence (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.96, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] (1.06, 3.63), not receiving breastfeeding education (AOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.07, 3.45) and child hospitalization (AOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.02, 3.28) were significantly associated with bottle-feeding.
CONCLUSION: There was a high usage of bottle-feeding and it was found to be associated with child hospitalisation. To avoid bottle-feeding, urgent actions are required to support and educate mothers regarding breastfeeding with special attention to urban-residence ones.
The Analysis of the Relationship between RELA Gene Expression and MMP-13 Gene Expression in Synoviocyte Cells after Mesenchymal Stem Cell Wharton Jelly
Authors: Sofia Vivi , Nasrul Ellyza , Manjas Menkher , Revilla Gusti
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Therapy that can cure osteoarthritis with satisfactory results has not been found to date. In the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, the genes involved in cartilage degradation include the RELA gene which plays an important role in modulating the occurrence of cartilage damage, which involves activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. One of the cytokines involved in the cartilage degradation process is Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) -13 which is also modulated by NFĸβ.
AIM: This study aims to look at the expression of the RELA gene and expression of the MMP-13 gene and analyse the relationship of RELA gene expression with MMP-13 gene expression after administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Wharton Jelly in synoviocytes in vitro.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This research is pure experimental research. The samples used derived from synovial tissue in osteoarthritis patients who underwent surgery for Total Knee Replacement (TKR). This study was divided into 6 treatment groups with 4 replications. Group I was the synoviocyte OA cell control group which was incubated 24 hours, group II was control of synoviocyte OA cell which was incubated 48 hours, group III was a group of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Wharton Jelly (MSC-WJ) which was incubated 24 hours, group IV was a Mesenchymal Stem Cell Wharton Jelly (MSC-WJ) cell group incubated 48 hours, group V was the co-culture group of synoviocyte-MSC-WJ cells incubated 24 hours and group VI was the co-culture of synoviocyte-MSC-WJ cells which were incubated 48 hours. Observation of MMP-13 gene expression and RELA gene in each group was carried out using qPCR.
RESULT: The results showed that the analysis of the relationship between RELA gene expression and MMP-13 gene expression in osteoarthritis synoviocytes cells after Mesenchymal Stem Cell Wharton Jelly as big as (r = 0.662).
CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study is there was a strong correlation between RELA gene expression and MMP-13 gene expression in osteoarthritis synoviocytes after Mesenchymal Stem Cell Wharton Jelly (r = 0.662).
Weight Gain in Pregnancy and Weight Retention after Birth
Authors: Djaković Ivka , Soljačić-Vraneš Hrvojka , Kuna Krunoslav
Published: March 2019

AIM: Our study aims to determine the weight gain of pregnant women and their body weight one year after delivery. We compared these changes in body weight with education and place of residence (urban/rural).
METHODS: Secundigravidae women (N = 113) filled out the structured checklist regarding anthropological characteristics, such as body weight (the current and before and after the first pregnancy). Some sociodemographic characteristics were also obtained.
RESULTS: Average weight gain in pregnancy was 16.9 kg (Sd 6.1, median 16 kg; range 6-40 kg). Women with high school education only gained 2 kg more than women with college/university degree (F (1, 108) 4.11, p ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference in weight gain when the place of residence was compared (F (1, 111) 2.86, p ≥ 0.05). The average weight difference one year after delivery was 3.3 kg (Sd 4.3, median 2 kg; spread -5 to 20 kg). There was no significant difference in weight difference one year after delivery in different educational groups. Women from rural area retained 2.5 kg more than women in an urban area (F (1, 109) 7.50, p ≤ 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Our research has shown that women with higher education level gain less weight than women with lower degrees. They had more possibility to get access to information about health risks. The overall impression is that women do care about weight gain in pregnancy and actively work on getting back to desirable weight after delivery. This is even more important if we know that body weight before pregnancy, weight gain in pregnancy, pregnancy overweight and pregnancy obesity impact later life of mother and child. Therefore, the need for weight control in pregnancy and between pregnancies should be properly addressed.
The Correlation between Hemoglobin Concentration during Pregnancy with the Maternal and Neonatal Outcome
Authors: Lumbanraja Sarma Nursani , Yaznil Muhammad Rizki , Siregar Dewi Indah Sari , Sakina Adriani
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of anaemia is higher among women, including pregnant women. The estimation was about 24.8% of the population in the world suffering anaemia. Anaemia during pregnancy is a big problem because it can contribute morbidity and mortality, either in mother or newborn. The impacts of anaemia during pregnancy included post-partum haemorrhage, low birth weight (LBW), preterm delivery, and low Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration (APGAR) score.
AIM: This study aimed to determine the correlation between haemoglobin concentration during pregnancy and the outcome of mothers and newborns.
METHODS: It was a cohort study that included 200 pregnant women in second or third trimester at antenatal care of Sundari General Hospital Outpatient Clinic on February until September 2018. The participants were interviewed using a questionnaire, and their blood was checked to measure haemoglobin concentration using portable Easy Touch Hemoglobinometer. In the next three until six months, the following investigation was conducted to assess the maternal and neonatal outcome.
RESULTS: The result of this study showed among the maternal outcome, only antepartum haemoglobin concentration had a statistically significant correlation with the haemoglobin concentration during pregnancy (p < 0.05), meanwhile, among the neonatal outcome. LBW was the only factor that statistically significantly correlated to the haemoglobin concentration during pregnancy (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: We can conclude that once anaemia occurs in pregnant women, then the women kept suffering from anaemia with its correlation was statistically significant.
Keywords : hemoglobin concentration, anemia during pregnancy, maternal, neonatal outcome
Prognostic Factors of Local-Regional Recurrence in Patients with Operable Breast Cancer in Asia: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Harahap Wirsma Arif , Nindrea Ricvan Dana
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Cause of recurrence of breast cancer is multifactorial. Also, the occurrence of breast cancer in Asian patients has some different factors from the recurrence of breast cancer in western countries.
AIM: This study aims to determine the prognostic factors of local-regional recurrence in patients with operable breast cancer in Asia.
METHODS: The authors conducted a meta-analysis of published research articles published in an online database of PubMed, ProQuest and EBSCO between January 2000 and July 2018. Pooled risk ratios (RR) were calculated using fixed and random-effect models. Data were processed by using Review Manager 5.3 (RevMan 5.3).
RESULTS: This study reviewed 879 articles. There were 11 studies conducted a systematic review then continued by meta-analysis of relevant data with total patients involved were 5,213 patients. The prognostic factors found of local-regional recurrence in patients with operable breast cancer were Nodal (N) stage with the highest risk ratio (RR = 6.35 [95% CI 3.78-10.67]) followed by HER2 positive (RR = 2.14 [95% CI 1.16-3.97]), stage of cancer (RR = 1.82 [95% CI 1.44-2.31]), tumor size (RR = 1.55 [95% CI 1.04-2.31]), tumor grade (RR = 1.43 [95% CI 1.23-1.65]), PR status (RR = 0.65 [95% CI 0.48-0.88]) and the least was ER status (RR = 0.60 [95% CI 0.39-0.91]). Homogeneity of variance was found in N stage, tumor size and tumor grade for recurrence of operable breast cancer.
CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis confirmed the correlation of N stage, HER2, stage of cancer, tumour size, tumour grade, ER and PR status with recurrence in patients with operable breast cancer in Asia.
The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Wharton's Jelly on Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and Interleukin-4 Levels in Osteoarthritis Rat Model
Authors: Endrinaldi Endrinaldi , Darwin Eryati , Zubir Nasrul , Revilla Gusti
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is generally considered a degenerative joint disease caused by biomechanical changes and the ageing process. In OA pathogenesis, the development of OA is thought to be regulated largely by excess matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), which contributes to the degradation of extracellular matrices such as MMP-1 and Interleukin-4.
AIM: This study aims to prove the influence of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Wharton Jelly on decreasing MMP-1 levels and increasing IL-4 which is a specific target as a target component in cases of osteoarthritis in vivo.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This research is an experimental study with the design of Post-Test-Only Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 16 OA rats as a control group and 16 OA rats treated with MSC-WJ as a treatment group. OA induction is done by injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the intra-articular right knee. Giving MSC-WJ is done in the third week after MIA induction. The serum MMP-1 and IL-4 levels were measured after 3 weeks treated with MSC-WJ using the ELISA method. The statistical test used is an independent t-test. The value of p < 0.05 was said to be statistically significant.
RESULTS: The result showed that serum MMP-1 levels were higher in the group treated with MSC-WJ than in the control group (p < 0.05). Serum IL-4 levels were higher in the group treated with MSC-WJ than in the control group (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: This study concluded that MSC-WJ increased MMP-1 levels and IL-4 levels in serum OA rats. MSC-WJ showed a negative effect on MMP-1 in the serum of OA rats.
Assessment of Osteoimmunological Changes Following Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Soliman Sara , Dehis Mohammad , Ahmed Mamdouh , EL Kateeb Engy
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: There is a scarcity in the published literature which evaluates the postoperative inflammatory response and patients’ immunity following orthognathic surgery.
AIM: The present prospective study aimed to evaluate the changes in two immunological callipers to measure the traumatic effect of orthognathic surgery
METHODS: In the present prospective cohort study, we included women (age range 16-30 years) with severe dentofacial deformities who were scheduled for bimaxillary osteotomy. Blood samples were collected for measurement of transforming growth factor beta one (TGF-β1) and osteoprotegrin (OPG) levels. The statistical analysis was carried with SPSS software.
RESULTS: In the present study, nine patients with severe dentofacial deformity were operated successfully under general anaesthesia. All patients reported decreased energy and fatigue in the early days after surgery and had difficulties with nutrition due to pain, oedema and paresthesia; however, no massive weight loss was reported. The levels of OPG started to increase immediately postoperatively (mean = 0.46 ± 0.08; p = 0.001). A significant increase in the concentration of OPG begun postoperatively and continued to rise significantly until the six weeks to reach 2.24 ± 0.30 ng/mL (p < 0.001). Similarly, the concentration of TGF-β1 increased at three days postoperatively and continued to rise until the six weeks to reach 1.28 ± 0.19 ng/mL (p <0 .001).
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, orthognathic surgery is associated with a significant rise in the pro-inflammatory cytokines until the six weeks postoperatively. These observed results may indicate a significant alteration in the immunity of the patients to undergoing orthognathic surgery.
Sero Conversion of Viral Hepatitis among End Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis in Kashmir: Results of a Prospective Study
Authors: Masoodi Ibrahim , Singh Charanjit , Wani Imtiyaz Ahmad , Wani Muzafar Maqsood , Ahmed Tousief Irshad , Sheikh Rayeеs Yousuf
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: The seroconversion is a significant health concern in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis particularly in high endemic zones of HBV and HCV.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study was conducted from January 2009 to April 2018 at Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir. A cohort of 459 end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis was enrolled from four dialysis centres and followed in a longitudinal manner. Their seroconversion rates, risk factors were studied. Positive patients were treated and followed up.
RESULTS: This study demonstrated HBV seroconversion rate of 7.4 % (n = 34) and HCV seroconversion rate of 10% (n = 46) in a cohort of 459 patients on hemodialysis attending four dialysis centres of Kashmir. Patients with diabetes mellitus outnumbered in seroconversion rates of (43.75%) followed by patients with glomerulonephritis (23.75%). Of 15 patients who had undergone renal transplantation 10 (66.67%), patients had seroconversion on hemodialysis which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Patients who were dialysed at multiple HD centres had significant seroconversion than those who followed up at a single center. Seroconversion was associated with longer duration of dialysis (80.30 ± 30.92 vs 61 ± 9.41months, P < 0.000). HBV vaccination of the ESRD patient on hemodialysis was significantly protective against seroconversion (P = 0.000).
CONCLUSIONS: Hepatitis B vaccination, stringent precautions in all dialysis centres could help to reduce the high seroconversion rates which have a high financial burden on ESRD patients. Intense health education to both patients and medical staff will be beneficial to lower the seroconversion rates.
Scleromyxedema (Arndt - Gottron Syndrome) Developing Under Tenofovir Treatment for Hepatitis B: Unique Presentation in a Bulgarian Patient!
Authors: Temelkova Ivanka , Patterson James , Tchernev Georgi
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Scleromyxedema, also referred to as the Arndt-Gottron (S-AG) syndrome or the systemic form of Lichen myxedematosus (LM), is a cutaneous mucinosis with a chronic course and high lethality from systemic involvement of other organs and systems. Interesting in several aspects is the association between scleromyxedema and viral hepatitis about: 1) hepatitis virus infection as a possible etiological factor for the development of scleromyxedema, 2) antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of hepatitis as a method of reversing scleromyxedema and 3) antiviral drugs as inducers of scleromyxedema.
CASE REPORT: We present a 53-year old patient who for nine months had been on tenofovir disoproxil 245 mg (0-0-1) therapy for chronic hepatitis B. Three months after the start of antiviral therapy (i.e. for a period of 6 months), the patient observed swelling, itching and hardening of the skin on the face, ears and hands, which subsequently spread throughout the trunk. Subsequent histological study of a skin biopsy revealed changes of scleromyxedema at an advanced stage, though immunoelectrophoresis of serum and urine excluded the presence of paraproteinaemia or para proteinuria. Systemic antihistamine and topical corticosteroid therapy were instituted. Bone involvement with possible plasmacytoma was excluded, and a myelogram showed evidence of an erythroblastic reaction of bone marrow.
CONCLUSION: We believe that drug-induced scleromyxedema is a rare but possible phenomenon. We describe the first case of tenofovir-induced scleromyxedema within the framework of chronic hepatitis B treatment.