bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytonutraceuticals in Cancer Prevention and Therapeutics
Authors: Amol Dombe Shailaja , Jaykumar Shirote Pramodkumar
Published: August 2022

Background:

Urbanization has led to numerous health tribulations globally, and cancer is the most devastating among them. Phytochemicals have been utilized as bioactive compounds/ nutrients prominently as antioxidants and revitalizing agents and found to have notable health benefits.

Objectives:

The nutritional constituents of plants have intensively been investigated to appraise their healthiness and effectiveness in cancer. Food supplements like nutraceuticals have an important role in health and provide essential molecules required for different metabolic processes, which regulate body functions and protect the body from diseases.

Methods:

Numerous attempts and substantial studies have been escalated by many researchers. These studies have explained that dietary patterns and restrictions are the most important cardinal stride and determinant of many dreadful diseases like cancer. This review article focuses on the exploration of the clinical significance of phytochemicals in cancer therapy.

Results:

The phytochemicals from various plant parts having the potential to prevent cancer as well as serve as effective anti-cancer agents have been summarized in terms of their components, such as carotenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, organosulphur compounds etc., along with the targets on which they act, sources from where they can be obtained, and their screening procedure. Significant interest has been received in nutraceuticals because of nutritional benefits, safety and preventive as well as therapeutic perspectives.

Conclusions:

Phytonutraceuticals, as current drug delivery for cancer, have been utilized as an option for modern medicines. Ultimately, they ensure health improvement, and this review focuses on an overview of current nutraceuticals and nano-based delivery systems, which may be helpful in focusing on further groundbreaking research plans in the new domain.
Activation of Brain Regions Associated with Working Memory and Inhibitory
Control in Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chen Tianhao , Hou Lihao , Yang Jiaxuan , Xu Lin , Peng Juanjuan , Joyce Law Cho Yin
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

Patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often show
abnormalities related to cognitive activities, especially related to working memory and inhibitory control.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive brain imaging technique based on
the changes in cerebral hemodynamics to measure the response of brain activities to cognitive tasks.

Methods:

In this review, we collected all clinical experiments that evaluated the changes of oxyhemoglobin
levels in relevant brain regions of patients with ADHD through cognitive tasks by fNIRS to
determine the abnormalities of brain regions related to working memory and inhibitory control activities
in patients with ADHD.

Results:

From the beginning of November 2021, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL,
web of science and Cochrane library were searched, and ROBINS-I was a tool to evaluate the quality
and risk bias of the articles included. Sixteen eligible clinical trials or randomized controlled trials
were included, of which six measured working memory and eleven measured inhibitory control.

Conclusion:

We found that compared with healthy people, the activation scope of working memory
and inhibition control in the frontal cortex in ADHD patients was smaller than that in healthy people,
and the activation degree was weak or even inactive, which can provide new ideas for the direction of
research on ADHD.
Large Cardamom Extract Enhances Ramipril's Vasoprotective Action by
Modulating Endothelial Redox Biology. An Evaluation based on in-silico
and in-vitro Research
Authors: P. Uma Devi , S. K. Kanthlal , A. M. Amritha , C. M. Shakhi Shylesh , Nair Kavyanjana R. , V. S. Arya , Arumugam Thennavan
Published: August 2022

Background:

The mechanisms that cause a patient's blood pressure to rise are diverse. Controlling blood pressure with monotherapy acting through a single pathway may be unachievable. Combining a clinically used medication with herbal medicine can result in an antihypertensive effect that is two to five times greater than monotherapy.

Method:

: This study examined the effects of aqueous extracts of large cardamom and ramipril on
the redox biology of nitric oxide and vascular reactivity in the isolated aorta incubated with a nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Molecular docking study was performed to predict the affinity of constituents of large cardamom extracts with the NOX 2 gene.

Results:

Nitric oxide (NO) levels, disordered antioxidant enzymes (glutathione and catalase), NADPH oxidase and lipid peroxidation were recovered when aqueous extract of large cardamom
and ramipril were combined. A gradual increase in the percentage relaxation of acetylcholine in phenylephrine pre-contracted aorta indicates that the combination therapy prevents endothelial damage. The molecular docking study reveals the important phytoconstituents present in the large
cardamom that can effectively bind with the NADPH oxidase for its antioxidant activity.

Consculsion:

According to our findings, it was evidenced that the large cardamom extract's vasoprotective action was mostly related to its ability to restore endothelial redox biology by suppressing NADPH oxidase activity. Our findings suggest that ramipril's direct impact on the eNOS/NO system, along with the antioxidant properties of AELC, could have a synergetic benefit in the treatment of hypertension, as well as lessen ramipril's existing side effects.
A Diagnostic Protocol and Management of Lingual Thyroid: A Case Report
Authors: S. Shivananda , Doddawad Vidya G. , C.S. Vidya , Mehdi Seema , Mohammed Azhar
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

The lingual thyroid is a rare embryological abnormality caused by the thyroid's failure to descend from the foramen caecum to its normal prelaryngeal site. Although the ectopic gland at the base of the tongue is usually asymptomatic, it can cause localized symptoms.

Case Presentation:

In this case, we have a 12-year-old male paediatric patient who has hypothyroidism and is experiencing a foreign body sensation. Treatment included partial endoscopic removal via a transoral approach, followed by hormone replacement therapy.

Conclusion:

We highlighted in this article about the differential diagnosis, diagnostic protocols, and therapeutic options.
The Content of Breast Milk and the Challenges Experienced by Breastfeeding Mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kurniawati Eighty Mardiyan , Rahmawati Nur Anisah , Putri Innas Safira , Widiatmaja Deandra Maharani , Praba Venansya Maulina , Visuddho . , Prameswari Faida Ufaira , Zahrani Marsha , Putra Felix Nugraha , Nugraha David , Widiastara Antonio Ayrton
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

Every postpartum mother is recommended to breastfeed her baby because breast milk is the main need of newborns. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on life in various aspects, including on the breastfeeding mothers, especially if they suffer from COVID-19 infection.

Aim:

The study aims to provide comprehensive evidence regarding potential virus transmission and antibody transfer through breastmilk and the experiences of mothers related to breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy involved the use of keywords related to COVID-19 and breastfeeding in PubMed and Science Direct databases. Articles were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results:

Breastfeeding has been recommended to be continued during the pandemic due to the benefits associated with it and the absence of sufficient evidence for transmission of COVID-19 infection through breast milk. During the lockdown period, there was a change in breastfeeding patterns, although most mothers believed that breastfeeding should be continued. Anxiety and lack of support affected breastfeeding practices. Breastfeeding mothers reported a dilemmatic situation. They felt protected because of the lockdown policy but also struggled to get support from their social environment. The impact varied in terms of stopping breastfeeding practice altogether, breastfeeding irregularly, and even giving formula milk.

Conclusion:

Adherence to health protocols can reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19 infection through breastfeeding from mother to baby. Support from the family and the environment is needed to ensure the continuity of breastfeeding practice.
Effect of Substitution at the Di- and Trivalent Sites of {N[n-
C4H9]4]FeIIFeIII[C2O4]3]}∞ on the Nature of Solid State Decomposition
Reaction Leading to Various Metal Oxides
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ashis , Roy Debasis , Zubko Maciej , Kusz Joachim
Published: August 2022

Background:

Oxalate ligand-based metal complexes have long been used for
the thermal synthesis of metal oxides. Polymeric homo/heterometallic oxalate-based molecular
materials of the general formula, {A]MIIMIII[C2O4]3]}∞, [A = organic cation,
MII/MIII: di/trivalent transition metal ion; C2O4: oxalate ligand] provides a molecular
source to prepare metal oxides through solid state thermal decomposition primarily due to
the potential to tune the materials’ outcome by adjusting the molecular stoichiometry and
composition.

Objective:

The study aims to explore the effect of mixing at the di- and trivalent metal sites
of {N[n-C4H9]4]FeIIFeIII[C2O4]3]}∞ which decomposes to hematite, on the nature of thermal
decomposition reaction as well as the nature of the obtained decomposed materials.

Methods:

Two series of materials {N[n-C4H9]4]FeII
1-xZnII
xFeIII[C2O4]3]}∞ and {N[n-
C4H9]4]FeIIFeIII
1-xCrIII
x[C2O4]3]}∞ were prepared as precursors for non-isothermal thermogravimetry
[TG] study. Model-free integral isoconversional method is employed to
calculate the activation energy of decomposition, and hence the most probable reaction
mechanism, as well as the reaction rate of thermal decomposition, was determined. Based
on the kinetic parameters, the important thermodynamic parameters such as the changes of
entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy are estimated for the activated complex formation
from the precursors. Powder X-ray diffraction studies were made to identify the
decomposed materials.

Results:

For materials with 0 < x ≤ 1 well-defined two-step and one-step decomposition
process were observed for {N[n-C4H9]4]FeII
1-xZnII
xFeIII[C2O4]3]}∞ and {N[n-
C4H9]4]FeIIFeIII
1-xCrIII
x[C2O4]3]}∞, respectively. For each series of materials, a systematic
dependence of the activation energy on the extent of conversion indicates a systematic
change in the reactivity. The thermal decomposition strongly depends on the extent of mixing
at the di- and trivalent sites and proceeds through different reaction mechanisms at different
rates. On the decomposition of these series of materials, a range of metal oxides was
obtained. Possibly, during such extent of mixing dependent reactions, the reactant particles
go through modifications in their reactivity by several factors.

Conclusion:

Present work may invoke interest in solid state synthesis of different metal
oxides under controlled thermal decomposition by identifying the rate controlling the
process through reaction kinetics study for better synthesis and manoeuvring.
Preparation, Characterization and Thermal Studies of Polypyrrole - Gold
Nanocomposites
Authors: Bedre Mahesh D. , Malashetty Vijaykumar B. , Venkataramana Abbaraju , Inamdar Shivakumar , Deshpande Raghunanadan
Published: August 2022

Background:

Understanding nanocomposites' morphological characteristics is important
for explaining their properties and their usefulness.

Method:

In this review, we present the method for interfacial synthesis of polypyrrole and its gold
nanocomposites with varying concentrations of polymer. The bonding involved in the nanocomposites
is understood from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies confirmed
the crystalline nature of the particles.

Result:

Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy studies showed that
the spherical and globular nature of the particles is mutually connected to form nanocomposites
compared with virgin polymer.

Conclusion:

Catalytic behavior of gold nanoparticles in polymer composites is observed from the
thermal analysis.
Development and Evaluation of Topical Nanoemulgel Formulation of
Tazarotene for Effective Treatment of Excision Wounds
Authors: Bedi Neena , Mahajan Shanta , Kaur Kirandeep , Saini Navdeep , Chaudhary Tajeshwar Kumar , Nim Lovedeep
Published: August 2022

Aim:

The aim of the present investigation entails the development and evaluation of topical nanoemulgel formulation of tazarotene for effective treatment of excision wounds

Background:

Tazarotene (TZR) is a retinoid derivative marketed for the treatment of acne and psoriasis and the recent investigations indicate its excellent wound healing potential. Despite having magnificent wound healing potential, it suffers from pharmacokinetic limitations of low aqueous solubility and local bioavailability. Conventional marketed formulations of TZR have been reported to cause significant skin irritation and redness after its topical application. Keeping this in view, present investigation was designed to develop nanoemulsion based gel with intention to resolve the above mentioned pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issues.

Objective:

The goal of the study was to develop a stable and effective tazarotene-loaded nanoemulgel for treating excision wounds which can also overcome the issues associated with the native drug.

Methods:

Various oils, surfactants and co-surfactants were selected on the basis of their solubilisation potential for tazarotene. Pseudoternary phase plots were constructed to obtain stable nanoemulsion region for various proportions of oil, surfactant: co-surfactant (Smix) and water and determine optimized concentration ranges for robust formulation of tazarotene. Various characterization parameters were studied to investigate the optimized formulation having desired attributes of nanoemulsion. Reducing power assay and phamacodymanic studies were conducted to determine the wound healing potential of developed nanoemulgel.

Results:

TZR loaded nanoemulsion was successfully developed with nano-sized globules using tea tree oil with Tween 20 as surfactant and PEG 400 as co-surfactant. Prepared nanoemulsions were thermodynamically stable and were further gellified using Carbopol 940 as biodegradable gelling polymer. Prepared gels showed good spreadability, drug permeation and stability. In vivo investigations demonstrated that optimized formulation successfully masked the irritant nature of tazarotene. Moreover, the pharmacodynamic evaluation of developed nanoemulsion gel revealed its significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory properties in addition to its markable wound contraction as compared to control.

Conclusion:

The results demonstrated potential of developed nanoemulgel over marketed formulation to overcome the drawbacks like redness and erythema. It also showed significant healing efficacy over other
Kozmički odgoj u kontekstu integrativne bioetike
Authors: Kelam Ivica , Grejza Dora
Published: August 2022

Osnivačica metode i filozofije Montessori, Maria Montessori, razvila je u okviru metode Montessori takozvani kozmički odgoj koji se smatra centralnim dijelom njezinog podučavanja. Kozmički odgoj nastao je u teškim vremenima ljudske povijesti kao nada i odgovor za bolju budućnost čovječanstva. Temelji se na razumijevanju međusobne povezanosti čovječanstva s prirodom i svim živim i neživim svijetom. U centru kozmičkog odgoja, kao i u centru cijele metode Montessori, nalazi se dijete kojega je potrebno poučavati odgovornosti svojeg djelovanja prema planetu i svim živim bićima, ne bi li tako ljudsko biće ispunilo kozmički zadatak koji je dodijeljen svakomu od nas. Put prema ostvarenju kozmičkog zadatka, između ostalog, čine takozvane velike (kozmičke) priče koje se pričaju djeci mlađeg uzrasta kao temelj za razumijevanje funkcioniranja svijeta i motivacija za daljnje učenje i istraživanje. Ciljevi i zadaće kozmičkog odgoja Montessori odgovaraju ciljevima integrativne bioetike, što se očituje kroz zajedničku želju za odgovorom na ključne probleme čovječanstva i planeta, poput klimatskih promjena, ugroženosti biljnog i životinjskoga svijeta i same ugroženosti ljudskog postojanja u daljnjoj budućnosti. U radu će se ukratko prikazati osnovne ideje kozmičkog odgoja, kakav je osmislila Maria Montessori, i ukazati na dodirne točke kozmičkog odgoja i integrativne bioetike u svjetlu odgoja za bioetički senzibilitet.
Pandemija – utopija – bioetika
Authors: Guć Josip
Published: August 2022

Premda na prvi pogled tako ne izgleda, pandemija COVID-19 malo je toga fundamentalno promijenila, kako po pitanju društveno-ekonomskih okvira našeg djelovanja, tako i po pitanju moralnog djelovanja. Razlog je prije svega u zanemarivanju utopijskog pristupa, a potreba za ovim ispostavlja se upravo u nezaobilaznosti razmatranja društveno-ekonomskih odnosa u sferi morala. Okvir za takvo dubinsko moralno propitivanje može pružiti bioetika. U radu polazim od prikaza odnosa prema pandemiji koji ostaje u gabaritima dogme nepromjenljivosti svijeta. Prelazim zatim na kratko razmatranje pojma utopije i koncepta ‘odrasta’, kao oglednog utopijskog pristupa čovjekovu odnosu spram okoliša. Kako je upravo razoran odnos spram prirode osnovni uzrok izbijanja pandemija, a oba problema pripadaju interesu bioetike, potonja bi u razmatranju odnosa spram pandemije trebala nastupiti utopijski, prije svega zato što čovjekovu destruktivnost spram života prvenstveno potiče trenutačni društveno ekonomski sistem. Značajka neutopijskog mišljenja je da pri razmatranju izvjesnog moralnog konflikta zanemaruje razloge njegova nastanka, pa time omogućuje da se on stalno perpetuira. Upravo pluriperspektivna metodologija integrativne bioetike, kako nastojim pokazati u zadnjem dijelu, pruža alate da se takvo što osujeti.
Диффузия фосфора и галлия из напыленного слоя фосфида галлия в кремний
Authors: Зикриллаев Н.Ф. , Ковешников С.В. , Турекеев Х.С. , Норкулов Н. , Тачилин С.А.
Published: August 2022

Исследовалась диффузия из слоя фосфида галлия GaP, напыленного на поверхность кремния. После диффузии образцы кремния исследовались методом Ван-дер-Пау и с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа, с целью определения концентрационного распределения примесных атомов фосфора и галлия. Ключевые слова: диффузия, фосфид галлия, кремний, растворимость, концентрация, бинарные комплексы.
Триэкситоны и их влияние на поглощение в экситонной области спектра
Authors: Надькин Л.Ю. , Коровай О.В. , Марков Д.А.
Published: August 2022

The effect of the triexciton state on the absorption of exciton-polaritons is studied under conditions when two high-power laser radiation pulses interacting with biexcitons and triexcitons and a probe pulse at the frequency of the exciton transition are incident on the medium. It is shown that even at low triexciton binding energies under the action of two high-power pulses, the exciton state splits into three quasi-levels, and the Outler-Towns effect (optical Stark effect) is observed. It turned out that the position of the quasi-levels depends on the detuning of the resonance of the pump pulses and their intensities, which makes it possible to identify them. These circumstances make it possible to diagnose the triexciton state in semiconductors with a higher degree of probability not by studying the absorption spectral line of the biexciton-triexciton transition, but by the effect of the triexciton state on absorption in the region of the exciton transition.
Электрические и оптические характеристики пленок нанокристаллов перовскитов галогенида свинца CsPbI-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- и CsPbBr-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-, нанесенных на c-Si солнечные элементы для фотовольтаических приложений
Authors: Буджемила Л. , Алешин А.Н. , Малышкин В.Г. , Алешин П.А. , Щербаков И.П. , Петров В.Н. , Теруков Е.И.
Published: August 2022

The deposition of an additional layer of nanoparticles is a widely used method for improving the optical and electrical characteristics of semiconductor solar cells (SCs). In this work, films of nanocrystals (NC) of inorganic perovskites of lead halides CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3 are deposited on the surface of a solar cell based on crystalline silicon (c-Si). It is shown that the optical properties of such NC films are in good agreement with the optical properties of c-Si. It has been found that the absorption coefficient of solar cells with NC layers of inorganic perovskites is much higher in the visible region of the spectrum, which increases the photocurrent generation in the SC in the range of 370–900 nm. A significant effect of surface roughness on the photoelectric properties of solar cells has been found. CsPbI3 NC films have a textured surface and higher photocurrent than CsPbBr3 NC films, which are rougher. Enhanced photovoltaic properties of FE structures with a CsPbI3 NC layer compared to CsPbBr3 NC films due to their lower degree of roughness were observed.
Синтез, структурные и магнитные свойства людвигита Mn-=SUB=-1.32-=/SUB=-Ni-=SUB=-0.85-=/SUB=-Cu-=SUB=-0.83-=/SUB=-BO-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=-
Authors: Софронова С.Н. , Еремин Е.В. , Мошкина Е.М. , Селянина А.В. , Бондаренко Г.Н. , Шабанов А.В.
Published: August 2022

Single crystals of Mn1.32Ni0.85Cu0.83BO5 with the ludwigite structure were obtained by the solution-melt method during spontaneous crystallization. The concentration of copper, manganese and nickel ions was determined by transmission microscopy. Manganese ions are included in compounds in the divalent and trivalent states. The study of temperature and field dependences showed that we have several magnetic transitions. The first transition, associated with the ferrimagnetic ordering of the magnetic moments of parts of the ions, observed in the region of 50 K. In the region of 25 K, a second magnetic transition is observed. Substitution of nickel ions for copper and divalent manganese of better disorder and competition of exchange interactions, which leads to the division of the magnetic system into several magnetic subsystems that are ordered at different temperatures.
Влияние межслойного взаимодействия на электронный спектр вертикальной сверхрешетки
Authors: Давыдов С.Ю.
Published: August 2022

Методом функций Грина получены аналитические выражения законов дисперсии для сверхрешетки с двумя чередующимися двумерными слоями. Подробно анализируется режим слабого межслойного взаимодействия. В качестве примеров рассмотрены сверхрешетки графен (Gr) --- h-BN (1), AlN --- GaN (2), Gr --- Ni (3) и h-BN --- Ni (4). Показано: 1) в слоях h-BN, AlN, GaN и Ni эффективные массы электрона увеличиваются; 2) скорость Ферми электрона в слоях бесщелевого Gr в решетке (1) понижается, а в решетке (3) остается постоянной; 3) в решетках (1) и (2) запрещенные зоны h-BN, AlN и GaN сужаются, в решетке (4) запрешенная зона h-BN расширяется. Ключевые слова: дисперсия электронов, фермиевская скорость, эффективная масса, графененоподобное соединение, двумерный ферромагнитный металл.
Повышение интенсивности свечения люминофора Gd-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-S : Tb(3-7 mol.%), вызванное изменением распределения активатора Tb-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- по реальной кристаллической решетке
Authors: Баковец В.В. , Соколов В.В. , Долговесова И.П. , Пивоварова Т.Д. , Филатова И.Ю. , Рахманова М.И. , Юшина И.В. , Асанов И.П. , Сотников А.В.
Published: August 2022

Люминофоры Gd2O2S : Tb(3-7 mol.%), полученные через стадию золь-гель формирования прекурсоров Gd2O3 : Tb с последующим их сульфидированием в парах серы с плавнем LiF при 700oC, показали высокую эффективность свечения. Характеризацией полученных образцов набором физико-химических методов установлено, что увеличение концентрации активатора Tb3+ приводит к его специфическому распределению: по вакансиям гадолиния (VGd)''', замещением ионов Gd3+ и концентрированием его на границах кристаллитов. Отмечено, что при этом изменяется морфология кристаллитов, изменяется ближний порядок структурной единицы решетки (Gd2O2) c внедрением ионов S2- в вакансии кислорода [VO]oo или замещением анионов O2-, в результате чего нарушается дальний порядок анионной подрешетки и уменьшается ширина запрещенной зоны. При этом, образующиеся примесные фазы GdOF : Tb и TbOF способствуют повышению эффективности фотолюминесценции. Вариации этих эффектов при росте концентрации Tb3+ приводят к росту интенсивности полос излучения зеленой области переходов 5D4->7Fj и снижению интенсивности полос излучения синей области переходов 5D3->7Fj. Ключевые слова: люминофор Gd2O2S : Tb(3-7 mol.%), реальная структура решетки, распределение активатора фотолюминесценции, дальняя инфракрасная спектроскопия, рамановская спектроскопия, РФЭС-спектроскопия.
Квантово-механический расчет электронной зонной структуры спирально периодических систем: нанотрубки и наногелицены
Authors: Порсев В.В. , Эварестов Р.А.
Published: August 2022

A method for obtaining electronic bands in the helical Brillouin zone based on the results of high-level quantum mechanical calculations using the CRYSTAL17 software package is considered. Using the example of a carbon nanotube of chirality (4,1), the preference of helical Brillouin zone in comparison with the translational Brillouin zone is shown. For nanohelicene, a system which is helically periodic only, bands of electronic states were obtained corresponding to the structure closest to the energy minimum. In addition, the evolution of the electronic bands of nanohelicene depending on torsion distortions is presented.
Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Sentiment and Topic Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination on Twitter and Vaccine Uptake
Authors: Yousef Murooj , Dietrich Timo , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn
Published: August 2022

Background

The lack of trust in vaccines is a major contributor to vaccine hesitancy. To overcome vaccine hesitancy for the COVID-19 vaccine, the Australian government launched multiple public health campaigns to encourage vaccine uptake. This sentiment analysis examines the effect of public health campaigns and COVID-19–related events on sentiment and vaccine uptake.

Objective

This study aims to examine the relationship between sentiment and COVID-19 vaccine uptake and government actions that impacted public sentiment about the vaccine.

Methods

Using machine learning methods, we collected 137,523 publicly available English language tweets published in Australia between February and October 2021 that contained COVID-19 vaccine–related keywords. Machine learning methods were used to extract topics and sentiments relating to COVID-19 vaccination. The relationship between public vaccination sentiment on Twitter and vaccine uptake was examined.

Results

The majority of collected tweets expressed negative (n=91,052, 66%) rather than positive (n=21,686, 16%) or neutral (n=24,785, 18%) sentiments. Topics discussed within the study time frame included the role of the government in the vaccination rollout, availability and accessibility of the vaccine, and vaccine efficacy. There was a significant positive correlation between negative sentiment and the number of vaccine doses administered daily (r267=.15, P<.05), with positive sentiment showing the inverse effect. Public health campaigns, lockdowns, and antivaccination protests were associated with increased negative sentiment, while vaccination mandates had no significant effect on sentiment.

Conclusions

The study findings demonstrate that negative sentiment was more prevalent on Twitter during the Australian vaccination rollout but vaccine uptake remained high. Australians expressed anger at the slow rollout and limited availability of the vaccine during the study period. Public health campaigns, lockdowns, and antivaccination rallies increased negative sentiment. In contrast, news of increased vaccine availability for the public and government acquisition of more doses were key government actions that reduced negative sentiment. These findings can be used to inform government communication planning.
Patient and Provider Experiences With Virtual Care in a Large, Ambulatory Care Hospital in Ontario, Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study
Authors: Chu Cherry , Nayyar Dhruv , Bhattacharyya Onil , Martin Danielle , Agarwal Payal , Mukerji Geetha
Published: August 2022

Background

Virtual care use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of that shift on patient and provider experiences is unclear.

Objective

We evaluated patient and provider experiences with virtual visits across an academic, ambulatory hospital in Toronto, Canada and assessed predictors of positive experience with virtual care.

Methods

Survey data were analyzed from consenting patients who attended at least one virtual visit (video or telephone) and from consenting providers who delivered at least one virtual visit. Distributions for demographic variables and responses to survey questions are reported, with statistical significance assessed using chi-square tests and t tests. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to identify any patient predictors of responses.

Results

During the study period, 253 patients (mean age 45.1, SD 15.6 years) completed 517 video visit surveys, and 147 patients (mean age 41.6, SD 16.4 years) completed 209 telephone visit surveys. A total of 75 and 94 providers completed the survey in June 2020 and June 2021, respectively. On a scale from 1 to 10 regarding likelihood to recommend virtual care to others, fewer providers rated a score of 8 or above compared with patients (providers: 62/94, 66% for video and 49/94, 52% for telephone; patients: 415/517, 80% for video and 150/209, 72% for telephone). Patients of non-White ethnicity had lower odds of rating a high score of 9 or 10 compared with White patients (odds ratio 0.52, 95% CI 0.28-0.99).

Conclusions

Patient experiences with virtual care were generally positive, but provider experiences were less so. Findings suggest potential differences in patient experience by ethnicity, warranting further investigation into equity concerns with virtual care.
Digital Platform to Continuously Monitor Patients Using a Smartwatch: Preliminary Report
Authors: Bin Kaio Jia , De Pretto Lucas Ramos , Sanchez Fabio Beltrame , Battistella Linamara Rizzo
Published: August 2022

Background

Monitoring vital signs such as oximetry, blood pressure, and heart rate is important to follow the evolution of patients. Smartwatches are a revolution in medicine allowing the collection of such data in a continuous and organic way. However, it is still a challenge to make this information available to health care professionals to make decisions during clinical follow-up.

Objective

This study aims to build a digital solution that displays vital sign data from smartwatches, collected remotely, continuously, reliably, and from multiple users, with trigger warnings when abnormal results are identified.

Methods

This is a single-center prospective study following the guidelines “Evaluating digital health products” from the UK Health Security Agency. A digital platform with 3 different applications was created to capture and display data from the mobile phones of volunteers with smartwatches. We selected 80 volunteers who were followed for 24 weeks each, and the synchronization interval between the smartwatch and digital solution was recorded for each vital sign collected.

Results

In 14 weeks of project progress, we managed to recruit 80 volunteers, with 68 already registered in the digital solution. More than 2.8 million records have already been collected, without system downtime. Less than 5% of continuous heart rate measurements (bpm) were synchronized within 2 hours. However, approximately 70% were synchronized in less than 24 hours, and 90% were synchronized in less than 119 hours.

Conclusions

The digital solution is working properly in its role of displaying data collected from smartwatches. Vital sign values are being monitored by the research team as part of the monitoring of volunteers. Although the digital solution proved unsuitable for monitoring urgent events, it is more than suitable for use in outpatient clinical use. This digital solution, which is based on cloud technology, can be applied in the future for telemonitoring in regions lacking health care professionals. Accuracy and reliability studies still need to be performed at the end of the 24-week follow-up.
The Heart Game: A New Tool for Digital Patient Education for Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Hamborg Lisbeth Gade , Petersen Rikke Jankuhn , Spindler Helle , Dinesen Birthe
Published: August 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the need for new ways to perform remote patient education. Patients with heart failure are associated with a high readmission rate. Rehabilitation can prevent hospital readmissions, but there is poor participation in rehabilitation of patients with heart failure. Based on user-driven innovation in the Future Patient research project, we have developed the prototype of the digital Heart Game. The Heart Game is a new approach to digital patient education, where patients can access a digital board game via an app; through the board game, they can be presented with quizzes, activities, and reflection questions, all related to heart failure.

Objective

The objective of our study was to assess the usability of the Heart Game prototype app.

Methods

A total of 6 patients with heart failure were recruited. Think-aloud test, where participants were observed during play and sound and iPad screens were recorded, was conducted, followed by a questionnaire immediately after playing. Finally, an interview (n=6) was carried out. Qualitative data were analyzed in NVivo software (version 12.0).

Results

In total, 6 patients with heart failure (83% male; mean age 66 years) participated in the think-aloud tests. One participant did not complete the game. The game duration was from 9 minutes and 14 seconds to 16 minutes and 13 seconds. Findings from the think-aloud tests were shown in themes: digital games are a new world; practice makes perfect; the Heart Game is illogical; tasks are not generalizable, in understandable formulations, or entertaining; and the Heart Game is relevant, fun, and entertaining to play.

Conclusions

The usability of the Heart Game shows opportunities for digital patient education. However, there are some challenges in the prototype with illogical game structures in the board game. Further test and development of the prototype needs to be performed.
Measuring Client Satisfaction With Digital Services: Validity and Reliability of a Short-Form Digital Tool
Authors: Pedersen Henrik , Havnen Audun , Lara-Cabrera Mariela Loreto
Published: August 2022

Background

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic’s preventive measures, mental health care services were forced to reorganize and develop remote telehealth services. This led to newer modes of receiving treatment, both internet-based and video-based therapies, to meet patients’ need for help, while at the same time keeping the COVID-19 pandemic under control. This shift calls for an evaluation of the patient experience during times of increased use of novel approaches of receiving treatment. Brief evaluation forms are ideal for this purpose.

Objective

As there are no validated brief measurement tools to evaluate patient-reported experiences in Norwegian mental health settings, we aimed to explore the internal consistency and factor validity of the 4-item self-administrated Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-4).

Methods

We examined the internal consistency and factor structure of a brief digitally administrated patient satisfaction measure in a sample of 145 outpatients in Norwegian mental health settings during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

The internal consistency of a digital Norwegian CSQ-4 was high, with a Cronbach α of .92. A clear unidimensional structure (eigenvalue=3.22), which explained 80.4% of the variance, emerged from our data. A Mann-Whitney U test found a nonsignificant difference in satisfaction between genders (U=2546.5; P=.17). A Spearman rank correlation between satisfaction and age in our data was not statistically significant (r144=.110, P=.19).

Conclusions

A measurement tool such as the CSQ-4 would be a valuable resource to improve the development and application of digital mental health services. Our results may support the use of the Norwegian CSQ-4 as a valid and reliable measure of satisfaction with mental health care services. In addition, as the CSQ-4 is a short-form and generic tool, it can be implemented in a wide range of routine evaluations of patient-reported satisfaction with telehealth services.
Continued Concerns with Language Assessment Practices in Saudi Arabian English Education
Authors: Al-Seghayer Khalid
Published: August 2022

Language assessment, viewed as a means to help instructors guide learners in effectively and successfully learning a language, plays an important role in the skills, competencies, and overall language-learning outcomes of second-language learners. This conceptual article reviews and synthesizes current language assessment practices and issues in English education in Saudi Arabia. It first highlights the overarching features of existing assessment methods practiced in English classrooms in Saudi Arabia, after which it discusses the factors underpinning those assessment practices and the detrimental effects of such practices on the development of Saudi learners of English as a foreign language. The article concludes by proposing a few pedagogical practices with the potential to change current language assessment practices in English classrooms in Saudi Arabia.
A new species of the genus Eudevenopus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Platyischnopidae) from the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Ortiz Manuel , Cházaro-Olvera Sergio
Published: August 2022

The genus Eudevenopus includes 4 valid species, inhabitants of relatively shallow waters in both sides of America. A fifth species, collected with a light trap in Sisal, Yucatán Peninsula is described and illustrated in this paper. Eudevenopus winfieldi n. sp. can be distinguished from other species in the genus by the pereopod 7 dactylus, which is as long as propodus, article 1 of flagellum antenna 1 of the male with 2-4 aesthetascs, a comb of 6 distal pectinate setae on the posterodistal margin of the carpus of gnathopod 2, and the uropod 3 peduncle, which has a simple robust intermediate seta on the external margin. An identification key and a comparative table are also provided to contrast the new species from E. honduranus, which is the closest recognised species.
Seismic Performance of Multi Story Building with Different Base Isolators
Authors: Rajput Gautam , Mishra Vinayak
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Earthquakes are one of nature's most dangerous hazards; throughout history, they have resulted in substantial loss of life and serious property damage, particularly to man-made structures. Seismic activity of large magnitude is a major source of risk for all types of constructions. We apply unique methodologies based on performance-based seismic design to protect structures from earthquakes. One way for reducing the influence of large-scale vibration created during an earthquake is the base isolation method. Seismic isolation can be used to give an efficient solution for a variety of seismic design difficulties according to well-established practices that have been examined by several researchers. It compares the performance of two types of isolators: Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) and Friction Pendulum Bearing (FPB). G+12 R.C structure is taken in this study & Time History analysis is performed with ETABS software. Story drift and Story force are compared for the building with the base isolator against the building with the fixed base. In comparison with a fixed base building, parameters are changed in each direction due to the presence of an isolator. The analysis examines the characteristics and the effects of base isolation on structures with the Uttarkashi earthquake.
Performance of RC Building with Different base Isolators
Authors: Rajput Gautam , Mishra Vinayak
Published: August 2022

Abstract: The paper evaluates the application of base isolation methods based on the location of site. Building various sorts of structures while assuring their safety, serviceability, and durability is the focus of civil engineering. Seismic activity has severe impact on the structures' serviceability and safety. The type of building, the type of soil, the technology utilized for seismic resistant, and the location of the building, all the effects how much damage an earthquake may cause to structures. Because an earthquake alters the motion of the ground, which causes foundation failure, the effects of an earthquake are primarily dependent on the type of soil used for building foundations. Therefore, it is crucial to study how different types of soil behave during occurrence of earthquakes. A base isolation technique is one of the methods utilized in construction that can resist earthquakes. It enhances a building's structural performance when it is subjected to lateral stresses. This paper studies the effect of an earthquake response of isolated buildings and provides analysis of the base isolation on the structure's nature as well as a discussion of various isolator types. It compares the performance of two types of isolators: Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) and Friction Pendulum Bearing (FPB). G+12 R.C structure is taken in this study & Time History analysis is performed with ETABS software. Time Period and Story Stiffness are compared for the building with the base isolator against the building with the fixed base. In comparison with a fixed base building, parameters are changed in each direction due to the presence of an isolator. The analysis examines the characteristics and the effects of base isolation on structures with the Bhuj earthquake.
Vision to the Bi-Sionary
Authors: Pradhan Yash , Khatry Chayan , Lad Jignesh , Upadhyay Jaychand
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Visual impairment is one of the biggest limitations for humanity, especially in this day and age when information is communicated a lot by text messages (electronic and paper based) rather than voice. Facial recognition is category of biometric software that maps an individual’s facial features mathematically and stores the data as a sprint The software uses deep learning algorithms to compare a live capture or digital image to be stored face print in order to verify an individual’s identity vbnnn This project aims to develop a device to help people with visual impairment. In this project, we manufactured a device that converts an image’s text to speech. The basic outline is an embedded system that captures an image, extracts only the area of interest (i.e. region of the image that comprises text) and changes that text to speech. It is incorporated using a Raspberry Pi 3 and a Raspberry Pi camera module. We have two phases in our project that are Text to Speech and Facial Recognition. Every Module for picture handling and voice preparing are available in the device. It likewise can play and stop the output while reading. The expectation is that it has less error rate and less processing time and less cost productivity.
Increasingly polarised or finding common ground? Exploring pro- and anti-vaccine rhetoric on two South African Facebook pages
Authors: Connoway Karien , Keal Hannah , van Lill Milandré , Joubert Marina
Published: August 2022

We investigated pro- and anti-vaccine rhetoric on two South African Facebook pages to identify the nature, sources and justifications of the vaccine-related claims published on these pages. Our dataset consisted of 440 Facebook posts made by page administrators during 2019. Statements related to the safety and necessity of vaccines dominated the pro-vaccine page, while the anti-vaccine page focussed primarily on claims about the dangers of vaccines. Posts on both pages frequently contained content shared from within Facebook, with much of the content originating from the United States. Both pages made equal use of scientific justifications (i.e. published journal articles) to support claims, and most of these articles were published in accredited journals. The authors hope that a better understanding of the nature, sources and justifications of pro- and anti-vaccine rhetoric may lead to more constructive dialogue about vaccines, including the ongoing debate about COVID-19 vaccines.
COVID-19 screening in asymptomatic patients scheduled for surgery. What is the role of rt-PCR in elective procedures during the pandemic?
Authors: Cala-Garcia Juan David , Hernández-Linares Isabel Virginia , Barrera-Guaca Joan Sebastian , Jaimes-Gonzalez Claudia Viviana , De Vivero Andrés , Cavelier-Castro Luis Eduardo , Pérez-Diaz Carlos Eduardo
Published: August 2022

Background: COVID-19 has changed medical practice nowadays. One of the biggest concerns has been establishing when invasive procedures such as surgery, GI endoscopy or bone marrow transplant are safe; and if it is necessary to consider screening for asymptomatic patients. Methods: We identified asymptomatic patients that were scheduled for invasive procedures from May 2020 to April 2021 at Clínica de Marly. Patients were asked to fill a questionnaire about GI and upper respiratory symptoms and contact with possible/confirmed cases of COVID- 19 in the last 15 days. Patients taken to emergency procedures, who had symptoms or contact with probable/confirmed cases in the last 15 days were excluded. rt-PCR was performed to screen COVID-19. Results: A total of 1837 patients were included. 104 rt-PCRs tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, leading to a 5.66% of identified asymptomatic patients. Patients were followed-up on the 30th day after the procedure. 1733 negative patients responded to our follow-up, in which only 1 death and 2 complications were detected. 102 positive patients were followed-up and no complications or deaths were reported. Conclusions: We found the presence of 5.66% of asymptomatic patients with positive rt-PCR for COVID-19. Safe screening will decide if these invasive interventions can be postponed, or, if the benefit outweighs the risks.
Incidencia de fungemia en la unidad de recién nacidos del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio de Bogotá en el periodo comprendido desde el 01 de enero de 2008 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2018
Authors: Sánchez-Tordecilla Maria , Bertolotto-Cepeda Ana , Vargas-Vaca Yaris , Montaña-Jimenez Lina Paola , Bohórquez-Peñaranda Adriana
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: determinar la incidencia de fungemia en neonatos del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio de Bogotá, y caracterizar a los que desarrollaron infección fúngica invasora, en el periodo entre 2008 y 2018. Material y método: estudio de casos y controles anidado a una cohorte retrospectiva, con información obtenida de las bases de datos de los departamentos de microbiología y estadística, así como las historias clínicas. Resultados: En el periodo de estudio se atendieron en total 12.905 neonatos; población en la cual se encontró una tasa de incidencia de 6,2 por 10.000 pacientes con una distribución equitativa por sexos y una mediana de edad gestacional de 36,5 semanas, siendo el principal agente causal la Candida albicans (50%). En los casos se reportó uso de antibiótico de amplio espectro en el 75%, de nutrición parenteral en el 100%, cirugía previa en el 75% (principalmente de tipo gastrointestinal 83,3%), uso de catéter venoso central en el 100% e inicio de alimentación trófica temprana en el 12,5%. Finalmente, no se documentó uso de corticoides postnatales en la muestra. Conclusiones: se encontró una baja incidencia de fungemia en el HUSI, lo que refuerza la no necesidad de implementar el uso de profilaxis antimicótica de forma estandarizada en nuestra institución. Entre los casos identificados, la patología quirúrgica gastrointestinal surgió como la condición clínica prevalente debido a los requerimientos de uso de nutrición parenteral por catéter venoso central.