bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPERIENCE OF A MINIMALLY-INVASIVE STAGE TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE ABSCESSES OF LIVER
Authors: Vinichenko Anastasia Anatolievna , Melnikov Vasily Valerievich , Kulikov Dmitry Viktorovich , Did-Zurabova Elena Sergeevna , Rebrov Anton Aleksandrovich , Bogdanov Petr Ivanovich , Semenov Dmitry Yuryevich , Vaganov Aleksey Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2020

Relevance. Liver abscesses remain one of the most urgent problems in abdominal surgery, reaching 2-3 cases per 100,000 people. A wide range of causes, the complexity of diagnosis and the imperfection of treatment methods reaching a high mortality, from 2 to 31% according to different authors. The abscesses developing as a complication in the postoperative period are the greatest difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. The advantage of minimally invasive technologies at the present stage of development of surgery is indisputable. However, the question remains of the indications for their use, phasing and technology of implementation.
Purpose of the study. On the clinical example, to show the possibility, logic and sequence of minimally invasive treatment in a patient with multiple liver abscesses.
Materials and methods. Presented a clinical case of minimally invasive treatment of postoperative complications in a patient receiving primary treatment for multiple primary cancer - cholangiocarcinoma and kidney cancer with the development of multiple liver abscesses of the ambiguous nature (cholangiogenic, pyogenic, traumatic, ischemic).
Result. In the presented clinical case are presented the possibilities of a staged, minimally invasive treatment of multiple liver abscesses
Vladimir Ivanovich PETROV-surgeon, scientist, rector
(to the 95th of birthday)
Authors: Andreev Alexander Alexeevich , Ostroushko Anton Petrovich
Published: February 2020

Vladimir Ivanovich Petrov was born in 1925 in Saransk. After graduation he works as a teacher of physical education and drawing. In 1942 he was drafted into the Red Army. At the time of evacuation of replenishment Vladimir Ivanovich was shell-shocked and got to hospital. After his recovery he fought on the Samland Peninsula, then in the Baltic States, East Prussia, where the assault on the city of Koenigsberg was wounded and received a disability group II. In 1945 V. I. Petrov entered the 1st Moscow medical Institute named after I. M. Sechenov, which he graduated from in 1951. In 1959, Vladimir Ivanovich defended his candidate's thesis, in 1970 his doctoral thesis. In 1974-1987 rector of the 1st Moscow medical Institute named after I. M. Sechenov. Corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1978). V. I. Petrov was engaged in the development of repeated operations on the lungs; he was the first to apply the method of ultrasonic cutting and welding of biological tissues in pulmonology, developed the principles of using ultrasound for pneumolysis, lung decortication, scar dissection during operations on the ribs, longitudinal sternotomy, with pleural empyema, treatment of the abdominal cavity. It is also known scientific work on the treatment of atherosclerosis, wasreally hypertension and endarteritis. In 1972 he was awarded the State prize of the USSR. V. I. Petrov is the author of more than 200 scientific works, including 4 monographs, 18 copyright certificates and three foreign patents. Under his leadership, 26 theses on medical and medical-technical subjects were defended. He was awarded the order of Lenin, the October Revolution, the Patriotic war I degree (1945, 1985), the red banner of Labor, "Badge of Honor" medal "For the capture of Koenigsberg" and 12 medals, the sign "Honorary inventor of the USSR." Vladimir Ivanovich died in 2001. About his life and work made a documentary film "Surgeon, scientist, rector" (1983).
Policy and Curriculum of Study Program of German Language Education at the State University of Malang in Welcoming the Needs of German Language Teachers in Indonesia in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0
Authors: Kartika Ardiyani Dewi , Kurniawan Deddy
Published: February 2020

This study aims to describe the curriculum readiness of the German Language Education at the State University of Malang in welcoming the Industrial Revolution 4.0. As one of the colleges with German graduates in Indonesia, the German Language Education at the State University of Malang has an important role in the development of learning in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0. It requires a strong and appropriate guideline to achieve this goal, namely the curriculum of study program of German Language Education with the demands of the Revolution 4.0. It needs the research of the graduates’ needs, interview of graduate users and experts in learning German to develop the curriculum. This study was conducted through a focus group discussion with the German Language lecturers of Center of Development and Empowerment of Language Teachers and Educational Personal in Jakarta (P4TK Bahasa Jakarta). The results of the study indicate that the the German Language Education at the State University of Malang curriculum for lingustic has referred to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Some notes that must be done by the study program to implement the development of curriculum and learning in study program in accordance with the demands of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era are as follows: (1) development of a pedagogic curriculum that not only emphasizes theory/concepts but also implementation in schools, (2) curriculum development based on current issues, (3) study program should multiply research as a basis for analyzing market needs and students, (4) the development of ICT skills of lecturers needed for ICT-based learning preparation, and (4) study program has benchmarking to improve the quality of learning and the quality of graduates.
 
Keywords: curriculum, study program, German language
Indonesian Translation Acceptability of Directive Utterances in Harry Potter Novel and the Application in Translation Teaching
Authors: Harjanti Dwi
Published: February 2020

This article aims at describing the translation acceptability of directive utterances found in Harry Potter novel and its translation in Indonesian and classifying the steps of translation teaching. The data of this descriptive qualitative research were directive utterances found in Harry Potter novel and its Indonesian translation. The data were collected by using content analysis and analyzed using Larson’s and Nababan’s theory of translation acceptability. The first finding shows that directive utterances translation can be divided into acceptable, less acceptable and unacceptable translation. Secondly, the first finding can be used to convey the 10 basic steps of translation teaching. The steps are (1) the lecturer explained translation concept and gave examples found in this research related to accuracy, acceptability and readability; (2) students were asked to practice translating an English paragraph into Indonesian individually; (3) the translation results were discussed with their friends in pairs related to structure shift and message accuracy; (4) the discussion proceeded to determine the translation acceptability; (5) clarify readability; (6) the results were presented in a group of four; (7) the lecturer explained some cases faced by the students; (8) three chosen groups presented their works in class discussion; (9) students put forward their ideas; and (10) the lecturer and students drawn some conclusions. The translation teaching process can be done using other techniques based on the materials and students’ characters.
 
Keywords: translation teaching, directive utterance, acceptability
A Phonetic-Accuracy-Based Learning Model of Kalam to Improve Students’ Arabic Speaking Skill
Authors: . Kholisin , . Irhamni
Published: February 2020

This research aims to develop a learning model of Arabic speaking based on phonetic accuracy. The specific objectives of the study are (1) to develop instructional materials of Arabic speaking based on phonetic accuracy, and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the product to improve the quality of Arabic speking. The research was conducted in two steps; they are: developmental research which focuses on the development of instructional materials of Arabic speaking based on phonetic accuracy, and evaluation research on the use of the materials which have been prepared for further revision and dissemination. The results of this research are (1) the completion of Arabic speaking textbook based on phonetic accuracy that comes with the instructions for use for teachers and students, and (2) the results of the tryout showed that this textbook has a good value of efficiency, effectiveness and attractiveness in terms of its general description, presentation of the material, and types of exercises, and is thus worthy tobe used in Arabic speaking course.
 
Keywords: Arabic teaching, kalam, instructional material, phonetic accuracy
Developing an ESP Module for English Course Participants at Unars: A Bridge to Creating Powerful Speakers
Authors: Febrie Novitasari Nine
Published: February 2020

University of Abdurachman Saleh Situbondo (UNARS) through its Language Center holds a General English (GE) course every semester for its lecturers. However, the lecturers as the course participants are not satisfied with the course. They claim that an ESP course is more suitable for them because they want to develop skills to be a good speaker in international seminars. Many lecturers at UNARS have never attended any international seminars because they feel unconfident to speak in English. They say that their public speaking skills are not enough to help them speak confidently. Essentially, English learning that is suitable for these lecturers is English for Specific Purposes (ESP). The Language Center of UNARS has never held any ESP course that focuses on becoming a presenter in international seminars. This is because of the unavailability of the suitable modules that really suit the participants’ background and culture. Existing commercial books cannot be used as learning resources because of the gaps between participants’ background and culture in the context and the content commercial books offer. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop an ESP module for the English course participants at the Language Center of UNARS. The module covers materials on basic principles of public speaking, how to create powerful power point presentation, and how to become a good speaker. With the development of this module, it is expected that the course participants, in this case UNARS lecturers, will have good presentation skills to present in international seminars.
 
Keywords: ESP, module, presentation skills, UNARS’ lecturers
Transformation of Teacher’s Body As Students’ Learning Medium at Non-Traditional Choreography Lesson in Malang, East Java
Authors: Hidajat Robby
Published: February 2020

Research is focused on topic concerning non-traditional (contemporary) choreography learning medium. Actually, this topic is still problematic because in one hand, teacher is positioned as facilitator but in the other hand, teacher is used as learning medium. Many assumptions have been provided to solve this problem. Assumptions are invisible and therefore, giving less controversy. This research attempts to review education phenomenology by deriving information from some experiencing dance art teachers. This approach explores problems behind contemporary choreography, which is in this research functioned as body-oriented learning process. Method of research is using qualitative descriptive that applies symbolic interactional theory. Main data are explored by observing actions of teachers during teaching-learning activity while the remaining is obtained through interview. Data analysis technique is interpretative semiotic. Result of research is explained in several sentences. Human body is basically not neutral because it is already affected by culture and local values that shape human’s personal characteristic and their method in expressing ideas. However, in teaching dance, body is needed as learning medium and therefore, quality of the body becomes important reference because dance activity is actually the expression of subjectivity. Contemporary choreography requires students not only to understand the body as a potential but also to be sensitive to the actual meaning of reality. Teacher’s body helps students to be aware with how to adapt with the current days, to improve self-expression quality, and to determine which part of the body that is already skilled. Learning contemporary choreography has allowed students to recognize which body part has potentials of being sensitive, interactive, and responsive to social reality.
ASSERTIVENESS PREDICTS SELF-ESTEEM, ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT, AND STRESS: A STUDY OF KASHMIRI ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Maqbool Parray Waqar , Kumar Sanjay , E. David Blessy , Khare Shraddha
Published: February 2020

Purpose of the study: The adolescence period holds a special significance because this period marks multi-developmental changes in an individual. The present study was conducted to find out the association between assertiveness, self-esteem, academic achievement and stress among the students.

Methodology: Correlational design was employed for the present research. Participants of the study comprised 120 high school students with an equal number of male and female students and the age range of 12 to 19 years. The scales used for data collection are namely-Rathus assertiveness schedule (RAS), Rosenberg self-esteem (RSE), perceived stress scale (PSS), and academic achievement scale.

Main Findings: Correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression were employed as statistical techniques. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated in step one that gender and residence predicted 15.50 percent of the total variance in self-esteem while in step two assertiveness predicted 00.30 percent of change in self-esteem. The findings also reported that gender and residence predicted 04.00 percent of the total variance in academic achievement while in step two, assertiveness predicted 01.40 percent of a total change in academic achievement. In another finding, gender and residence predict 19.60 percent of a total change in stress while in step two assertiveness predicted 00.30 percent of change in stress.

Applications of this study: The findings of the study exhibit that assertiveness has little role in predicting factors such as self-esteem and academic achievement. Implications: Further researches may be conducted to figure out the correlates possess significant magnitude to state about self-esteem, academic achievement,, and level of stress.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The study is the first of its kind among the students in a conflict-ridden area of Kashmir and comparative in nature to add to the existing knowledge.
Kilo Kontrol Danışmanlığı Alan Bireylerin Egzersiz Uyumunu Engelleyen Faktörler
Authors: KURT Abdullah Kaan , SET Turan , ATEŞ Elif
Published: February 2020

Amaç:
Bu çalışmanın amacı, kilo kontrol danışmanlığı alan bireylerde egzersiz uyumunu
engelleyen faktörleri belirlemek ve egzersiz uyum ve devamlılığının
artırılmasına yönelik önerilerin geliştirilmesidir.Yöntem: Bu çalışma Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Aile Hekimliği
polikliniğinde 01.04.2018-31.03.2019 tarihleri arasında kesitsel bir araştırma
olarak yürütüldü. Araştırmacılar tarafından katılımcıların sosyodemografik
özelliklerinin yanı sıra egzersiz yapmayı/sürdürmeyi engelleyen faktörleri sorgulayan
bir anket formu hazırlandı. Anket katılımcılara yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle
uygulandı. Toplam 384 katılımcının verileri analiz edildi.Bulgular:
Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 29,0 (IQR: 23.0-41.0 ) yıldı ve %78,6’sı kadındı.
Katılımcıların % 92,7’ sinin (n=356) egzersiz yapmadığı tespit edildi. Düzenli
egzersiz yapmayı/sürdürmeyi engelleyen nedenler sorgulandığında katılımcıların
%67,1’i üşenme nedenini belirttiler. Yeterli vakit yokluğu (% 54,4) ve egzersizi
sürdürme zorluğu (% 50,0) diğer iki önemli neden olarak tespit edildi.  Egzersizin faydasına inanmıyorum seçeneğini
işaretleyenlerin oranı %1,1’di. Katılımcılardan egzersiz yapmama nedenlerini
sıralamaları istenildiğinde üşenme %43,5 oranla ilk sıradaydı.

Sonuç: Katılımcıların neredeyse tamamının egzersiz yapmadığı görülmüştür. Egzersize engel en önemli nedenin ise üşenme olduğu saptanmıştır. Egzersizin faydasına inanmayan katılımcıların çok az olması (%1,1) toplum yönelimli çalışmaların kişi merkezli programlarla birleştirildiğinde başarının üst düzeylere çıkabileceğini düşündürmesi açısından umut vericidir. Bu bağlamda bireylerin egzersiz ve sağlık üzerindeki olumlu etkileri konusunda bilinçlendirilmesi ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin arttırılması için motivasyonlarının sağlanması yararlı olacaktır
Jarðarnøvn í Árnafirði / Field-names in Árnafjørður
Authors: Weyhe Eivind
Published: February 2020

ÚrtakGreinin viðger føroysk jarðarnøvn, t.e. nøvn á høgum, gomlum bø og traðum, í Árnafirði.AbstractThe article deals with Faroese field-names, i.e. names of outfield, old infield, and pieces of land fenced in for cultivation, in the village of Árnafjørður, Borðoy.
Trýta – eitt horvið fjallanavn? / Trýta – a lost mountain name?
Authors: Weyhe Eivind
Published: February 2020

ÚrtakGreinin viðger staðarnøvnini Gilið Trýtu og Skarðið Trýtu í Miðvági og Sandavági. Tey verða her tolkaði sum Gilið í Trýtu og Skarðið í Trýtu har *Trýta er eitt horvið fjallanavn ið inniheldur kvennkynsorðið trýta. Tað orðið er ikki longur livandi felagsheiti (appellativ) í føroyskum, men er kent báði í íslendskum og norskum og man tí helst eisini hava verið til í føroyskum. Orðið man hava merkt ‘trýn, muður ið skjýtur varrarnar fram’ el. tíl., og staðarnavnið hevur tí verið samanburðarnavn ið hevur sipað til skapið á fjallatindi.AbstractThe article deals with the place-names Gilið Trýtu and Skarðið Trýtu in Miðvágur and Sandavágur on the Faroese island of Vágar. They are explained as developments of Gilið í Trýtu and Skarðið í Trýtu, Trýta being considered a lost mountain name derived from the common noun trýta (f.). That wordno longer survives in Faroese, but is known from both Icelandic and Norwegian, and is therefore likely at one time to have been current in the language of the Islands. The sense would probably have been somethinglike ‘snout’ ‘mouth with pouting lips’, and the place-name will thus have been based on comparison with the shape of the mountain top.
Three Rationales for Municipal Councils: The Case of the Faroe Islands / Trý sløg av hugburði til kommunur
Authors: Jákupsstovu Beinta í
Published: February 2020

ÚrtakÍ hesi grein verður víst á ymiskan hugburð til, hvat endamálið er við kommunum. Tríggir myndlar eru mentir: 1) Kommunan sum staðbundin sosialur felagsskapur, 2) Kommunustýrini sum vígvøllur at finna politiskar loysnir fyri sítt øki, og 3) Kommunan sum fyrisitingarlig eind at seta íverk politikk, sum landsmyndugleikar ella kommunustýri hava samtykt. Kanningar eru gjørdar í føroyskum kommunum 1992-2016, og fyri at lýsa meginhugburðin í teimum ymisku kommununum um landið, mugu allirtríggir myndlar takast í brúk. Myndlarnir umboða ymiska fatan um fólkaræði. Færri kommunur merkir minni umboðan frá øllum teimum 51 kommununum, sum hava verið, og sum tey, ið búgva har, framvegis eru medvitin um. Hetta man vera ein orsøk til mótstøðu móti ætlanum hjá landsmyndugleikum at minka um talið á kommunum.AbstractIn the Faroe Islands, the national government has met obstacles in its goal to reduce the total number of state municipalities to seven or nine. The municipal amalgamation process has thus far reduced the total number of municipal regions from 48 in 2001 to 29. As a result, many traditional councils remain alongside new constituencies basedon larger aggregations of citizens. Though it is a micro nation with only 52,000 inhabitants, the Faroese experience is similar to that of larger countries when it comes to tensions between different conceptionsof the municipality’s purpose. Thus, three models to describe these municipal council rationales will be proposed and considered: Is a municipality first and foremost a community with which people identify(the social ties community model), a local arena for finding political solutions within community space (the local space municipality model), or is their main purpose to serve as administrative entities that implementlocal and national goals (the municipal administration model)? These ideal models structure the analyses of municipal councils in the Faroes from 1992-2016, based on electoral and survey data.
Use of information and communication technology to access tourist information and services: The results of research conducted among Polish tourists in Małopolska Voivodeship
Authors: Pawłowska-Legwand Aneta
Published: February 2020

Information and communication technology (ICT) is widely used to access tourist information and services, and as a result using digital tools and sources influences tourist behaviour. The main goal of this paper, based on research, is to describe the behaviours and opinions of tourists who used ICT before travelling. The results include the evaluation of the usefulness of digital tools from a tourist’s point of view, and indicates that tourists are interested in using ICT. Respondents aged over 35, who are living in cities and have had at least secondary education or a university degree, are more active users of digital tools. Websites, mobile applications and other ICT uses have been treated by respondents primarily as a source of tourist information in its widest sense, and a tool which facilitates the process of planning travel routes and purchasing travel-related services. Social media, which facilitate sharing travel-related content, also have a major significance.
Implementacja metody the St. Gallen Model for Destination Management (SGDM) w polskich Karpatach: Studium przypadku sześciu bieszczadzkich gmin
Authors: Klimek Katarzyna
Published: February 2020

Bieszczady są jednym z pasm górskich leżących w polskich Karpatach. Ich walory przyrodnicze i kulturowe przyciągają corocznie do tej destynacji tysiące polskich i zagranicznych turystów. Pomimo wielu objętych ochroną miejsc o szczególnych walorach przyrodniczych (np. Bieszczadzki Park Narodowy, Rezerwat Biosfery UNESCO i obszary Natura 2000) Bieszczady borykają się obecnie z różnymi problemami środowiskowymi i społecznymi, które często wynikają z dynamicznego, ale chaotycznego rozwoju turystyki na ich obszarze. Brak wspólnej wizji długofalowego rozwoju turystyki (na poziomie gminnym i regionalnym) stanowi jedno z głównych wyzwań, przed którym stoją obecnie podmioty publiczne i prywatne wielu gmin bieszczadzkich. W artykule zaprezentowano rezultaty wdrożenia innowacyjnej metody zarządzania destynacjami – The St.Gallen Model for Destination Management (SGDM) – w wybranych bieszczadzkich gminach. Zastosowana metoda umożliwiła lokalnym „aktorom” turystycznym (publicznym i prywatnym) przystąpienie do procesu holistycznego zarządzania miejscami recepcji turystycznej poprzez identyfikację kluczowych segmentów rynku. W pracy przedstawiono pierwszą próbę zastosowania metody SGDM w Polsce.
Turystyka w sowieckich Karpatach. Infrastruktura noclegowa dla turystyki kwalifikowanej w latach 70. i 80. XX wieku na obszarze Karpat Wschodnich (obwody lwowski i iwanofrankowski)
Authors: Quirini-Popławski Łukasz , Kudła Nazar , Rytynski Michajło
Published: February 2020

Artykuł jest poświęcony problemowi badawczemu deskrypcji elementów bazy noclegowej dla turystyki kwalifikowanej na terytorium północnego skłonu Karpat Wschodnich w granicach dawnej Ukraińskiej Socjalistycznej Republiki Radzieckiej, w tym jej typów, rozmieszczenia i wielkości. Charakterystyce poddano okres lat 70. i 80. XX w., który uważany jest za złote czasy rozwoju turystyki w Związku Radzieckim. W wyniku analizy dokonano identyfikacji 51 obiektów, w których, w połowie lat 80., było blisko 7,3 tys. miejsc noclegowych. Był to szczytowy okres zagospodarowania tego obszaru.
La arquitectura del discurso que cambió el gobierno en españa (aunque ya estuviera decidido)
Authors: Cortés Rodríguez Luis
Published: February 2020

Among the different devices deployed by those who make political speeches are those of an architectural kind, which form the skeleton of the dissertation. These are certainly the least studied in the analysis of discourses of this kind, although its proper use is very often pivotal to better structured, more cohesive and more intelligible presentations. In this paper we concentrate on the speech given by Pedro Sánchez on 31 May 2018 on the occasion of a motion of censure presented by his political party, the Socialist Group, against the then president of the Government Mariano Rajoy. We segment this speech into three sequences: beginning, development and closing. The main focus of this article is thus on the structure of these sequences as well as those devices giving cohesion and coherence to the discourse as a whole, as signals of thematic shift, while also taking on board non-architectural strategies (e.g. highlighting, masking), which are closely connected with architectural ones.
The Dorsal Column Nuclei Complex Neuroanatomy Reveals a Complex Sensorimotor Integration and Distribution Hub
Authors: Loutit Alastair J. , Vickery Richard M. , Potas Jason R.
Published: February 2020

The dorsal column nuclei complex (DCN-complex) includes the dorsal column nuclei (DCN, referring to the gracile and cuneate nuclei collectively), external cuneate, X, and Z nuclei, and the median accessory nucleus. The DCN are organised by both somatotopy and modality, and have a diverse range of afferent inputs and projection targets. The functional organisation and connectivity of the DCN implicate them in a variety of sensorimotor functions, beyond their commonly accepted role in processing and transmitting somatosensory information to the thalamus, yet this is largely underappreciated in the literature. To consolidate insights into their sensorimotor functions, this review examines the morphology, organisation, and connectivity of the DCN and their associated nuclei. First, we briefly discuss the receptors, afferent fibres, and pathways involved in conveying tactile and proprioceptive information to the DCN. Next, we review the modality and somatotopic arrangements of the remaining constituents of the DCN-complex. Finally, we examine and discuss the functional implications of the myriad of DCN-complex projection targets throughout the diencephalon, midbrain, and hindbrain, in addition to their modulatory inputs from the cortex. The organisation and connectivity of the DCN-complex suggest that these nuclei should be considered a complex integration and distribution hub for sensorimotor information.
Asians Do Not Exhibit Elevated Expression or Unique Genetic Polymorphisms for ACE2, the Cell-Entry Receptor of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Chen Ying , Shan Kejia , Qian Wenfeng
Published: February 2020

The recurrent coronavirus outbreaks in China (SARS-CoV and its relative, SARS-CoV-2) have raised speculations that perhaps Asians are somehow more susceptible to these coronaviruses. Here, we test this possibility based on an analysis of the lung-specific expression of ACE2, which encodes the known cell-entry receptor of both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. We show that ACE2 expression is not affected during tumorigenesis, supporting that the abundant transcriptomes in cancer genomic studies can be informatively used to study ACE2 expression among diverse individuals without cancer. We find that ACE2 expression in the lung increases with age, but is not associated with sex. Further, Asians do not differ from other populations for ACE2 expression and do not harbor unique genetic polymorphisms in the ACE2 locus. Thus, beyond illustrating an innovative method for assessing the potential impacts of demographic factors for non-cancer diseases from large-scale cancer sample datasets, our statistically robust findings emphasize that individuals of all races require the same level of personal protection against SARS-CoV-2.
Nonstructural Proteins NS7b and NS8 Are Likely Phylogenetically Associated with Evolution of 2019-nCoV
Authors: Fahmi Muhamad , Kubota Yukihiko , Ito Masahiro
Published: February 2020

Background: The seventh novel human infecting Betacoronavirus that causes pneumonia (2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV) originated in Wuhan, China. The evolutionary relationship between 2019-nCoV and the other human respiratory illness-causing coronaviruses is unclear. We sought to characterize the relationship of the translated proteins of 2019-nCoV with other species of Orthocoronavirinae.Methods: A phylogenetic tree was constructed from the genome sequences. A cluster tree was developed from the profiles retrieved from the presence and absence of homologs of ten 2019-nCoV proteins. The combined data were used to characterize the relationship of the translated proteins of 2019-nCoV to other species of Orthocoronavirinae.Results: Our analysis reliably suggests that 2019-nCoV is most closely related to BatCoV RaTG13 and belongs to subgenus Sarbecovirus of Betacoronavirus, together with SARS coronavirus and Bat-SARS-like coronavirus. The phylogenetic profiling cluster of homolog proteins of one annotated 2019-nCoV protein against other genome sequences revealed two clades of ten 2019-nCoV proteins. Clade 1 consisted of a group of conserved proteins in Orthocoronavirinae comprising Orf1ab polyprotein, Nucleocapsid protein, Spike glycoprotein, and Membrane protein. Clade 2 comprised six proteins exclusive to Sarbecovirus and Hibecovirus. Two of six Clade 2 nonstructural proteins, NS7b and NS8, were exclusively conserved among 2019-nCoV, BetaCoV_RaTG, and BatSARS-like Cov. NS7b and NS8 have previously been shown to affect immune response signaling in the SARS-CoV experimental model. Thus, we speculate that knowledge of the functional changes in the NS7b and NS8 proteins during evolution may provide important information to explore the human infective property of 2019-nCoV.
Modeling of Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations as a Function of Carbon Dioxide Emissions with Implications for the Fossil-Fuel Atmospheric Fraction (AFFF)
Authors: O'Connor John
Published: February 2020

In this work, a semi-empirical relationship of carbon dioxide emissions with atmospheric CO2 concentrations has been developed that is capable of closely replicating observations from 1751 to 2018. The correlation consists of a superposition of a linear component that may be attributed to the net emission flux from land use changes coupled with a rapidly varying component of the terrestrial sink combined with a fossil-fuel combustion/cement production emissions-based calculation with a single, fixed, scaling parameter determined by the ocean sink coupled with the remaining slowly varying component of the land sink (the fossil-fuel combustion airborne fraction).
Highly Molybdenum-Alloyed Materials Hastelloy BC-1 (2.4708) and B3 (2.4600): Diffusion Bonding Experiments and Evaluation of Both Mechanical Behavior and Corrosion Resistance in Hot 70 % Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Gietzelt Thomas , Walter Mario , Toth Volker , Messerschmidt Florian , Dahm Ralf
Published: February 2020

Sulphuric acid is a widely used raw material in the chemical industry. Its corrosive effect on materials varies considerably, depending on impurities, temperature and water content. Accordingly, good corrosion resistance under all conditions is very difficult to achieve. This is especially an issue for micro process apparatus with very thin walls. Furthermore, such devices are often joint by diffusion bonding what may alter materials properties due to high temperatures and long dwell times. In fact, for each new material, the diffusion bonding parameters must be optimized and the impact on mechanical as well as corrosion properties must be investigated. In this paper, two high molybdenum alloys, namely Hastelloy B3 and BC-1, were evaluated. Diffusion bonding tests were performed using ten layers of sheet material in between round stock. Corrosion tests were performed in 70 % sulphuric acid at 100°C for 1000 h. Tensile tests on both alloys were carried out for different material conditions, to determine the change in mechanical strength and elongation at fracture values. In general, independent of the condition of the materials, the fracture behavior of both alloys was found to be ductile and the specimens show the typical dimple structure, in the case of diffusion bonded samples, interrupted by weak spots or rather non-bonded areas. These areas are obviously causing the onset of material failure and thus, a degradation of mechanical properties. Tensile samples, that were aged in 70% sulphuric acid at 100°C for 1000 hours showed local corrosion attacks at the grain boundaries at the circumferential surfaces and especially at the joining planes – for Hastelloy B3 much more pronounced than for Hastelloy BC-1. Accordingly, a further decrease of both, the stress- and elongation at fracture values is observed. However, the typical material parameters like 0.2 % yield strength used for dimensioning components are found to be sufficient high, even when operating the materials under such harsh conditions. When concluding the results, at least Hastelloy BC-1 reveals both sufficient good mechanical properties and an excellent corrosion resistance, regardless of the heat treatment, and could be considered for manufacturing micro-process engineering apparatuses operated in a sulphuric acid environment. This is a significant advance compared to the results obtained within a AiF project, previously carried out on four different materials to investigate the corrosion resistance in sulphuric acid.
Development of a Honey Bee RNA Virus Vector Based on the Genome of Deformed Wing Virus
Authors: Ryabov Eugene V. , Christmon Krisztina , Heerman Matthew C. , Posada-Florez Francisco , Harrison Robert L. , Chen Yanping , Evans Jay D.
Published: February 2020

We developed a honey bee RNA-virus vector based on the genome of a picorna-like Deformed wing virus (DWV), the main viral pathogen of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). To test the potential of DWV to be utilized as a vector, the 717 nt sequence coding for the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), flanked by the peptides targeted by viral protease, was inserted into an infectious cDNA clone of DWV in-frame between the leader protein and the virus structural protein VP2 genes. The in vitro RNA transcripts from egfp-tagged DWV cDNA clones were infectious when injected into honey bee pupae. Stable DWV particles containing genomic RNA of the recovered DWV with egfp inserts were produced, as evidenced by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation. These particles were infectious to honey bee pupae when injected intra-abdominally. Fluorescent microscopy showed GFP expression in the infected cells and Western blot analysis demonstrated accumulation of free eGFP rather than its fusions with DWV LP and/or VP2 proteins. Analysis of the progeny egfp-tagged DWV showed gradual accumulation of genome deletions for egfp, providing estimates for the rate of loss of a non-essential gene an insect RNA virus genome during natural infection.
CCHD Screening Implementation Efforts in Latin American Countries by the Ibero American Society of Neonatology (SIBEN)
Authors: Sola Augusto , Rodriguez Susana , Young Alejandro , Lemus Lourdes , Mir Villamayor Ramon , Cardetti Marcelo , Pleitez Navarrete Jorge , Favareto Veronica , Lima Victoria , Baquero Hernando , Velandia Forero Lorena , Venegas Maria Elena , Davila Carmen , Dominguez Dieppa Fernando , Malena Germosen Taina , Oviedo Barrantes Ada Nidia , Alvarez Castañeda Ana Lorena , Morgues Monica , Avila Aldana , Fariña Diana , Oliva Jose Luis , Sosa Erika , Golombek Sergio G
Published: February 2020

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is among the 4 more common causes of infant mortality in Latin America. Pulse oximetry screening (POS) is useful for early diagnosis and improved outcomes of critical CHD. We describe POS implementation efforts in Latin American countries guided and/or coordinated by the Ibero American Society of Neonatology (SIBEN) as well as the unique challenges that are faced for universal implementation. SIBEN collaborates to improve neonatal quality of care and outcomes. A few years ago, a Clinical Consensus on POS was finalized. Since then, we participated in 12 Latin American countries to educate neonatal nurses and neonatologists on POS and to help with its implementation. The findings reveal that despite wide disparities in care that exist between and within countries, and the difficulties and challenges for implementing POS, significant progress was made. We conclude that universal POS is not easy to implement in Latin America but, when executed, not only it has been of significant value for babies with CHD but also for many with other hypoxemic conditions. The successful and universal implementation of POS in the future is essential to reduce the mortality associated with CHD and other hypoxemic conditions and will ultimately lead to the survival of many more Latin American babies. POS saves newborns’ lives in Latin America.
ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME YÖNTEMLERİ İLE DÜNYA ÜNİVERSİTELERİNİN PERFORMANSLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: PARLAR Gülen , PALANCİ Osman
Published: February 2020

Times Higher Education tarafından yayınlanan World University Rankings 2018 listesinde yer alan, Türkiye’nin içinde bulunduğu 81 ülkenin üniversitelerinin performans değerlendirmesi nesnel ağırlıklandırma yöntemleri ve çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, nesnel ağırlıklandırma yöntemlerinden CRITIC ve ENTROPI yöntemleri ile çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden TOPSIS, MAUT, SAW ve ARAS yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, iki farklı nesnel ağırlıklandırma yöntemi olan CRITIC ve ENTROPI yöntemlerinin sonuca etkisi araştırılmıştır. Uygulamada; Öğretim, araştırma, alıntılama, gelir ve uluslararası görünüm olmak üzere beş alanda performans değerlendirmesi kriterleri gruplandırılmıştır. Dört farklı yöntemle yapılan sıralamalar veri birleştirme yöntemi olan BORDA sayım yöntemi ile birleştirilerek tek bir bütünleşik sıralama elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada performans kavramına dair genel bilgilendirmeye yer verilmiştir ve çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri açıklanmıştır. Bu kavramlar bir araya getirilmiş ve çalışmanın teori ve uygulama kısmı oluşturulmuştur. Üniversite ve ülke performansları çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda her iki ağırlıklandırma yöntemine göre ilk ülke Singapur olmuştur.
Measurement of the Flowrate Out of a Well for Conventional Drilling Operations
Authors: Cayeux Eric
Published: February 2020

The flowrate out of a well is an important source of information for detecting gains or losses. Yet, many conventional drilling operations have only access to qualitative measurements from a flow-paddle. Quantitative flowrate out measurements can be obtained from a vibrating tube Coriolis flowmeter, but it usually requires regular cleaning to maintain an acceptable precision. This paper described a new design for a flowrate out sensor that necessitates little maintenance and yet provides quantitative measurements.

This new device is primarily a mass flowmeter that also utilizes Coriolis forces as the measurement principle. Unlike the vibrating tube mass flowmeter, the apparatus does not need to be filled with drilling fluid. Because of its measurement principle, cuttings cannot clog the apparatus and mud cannot form a layer at the surface of the instrument and therefore its precision stays unbiased for a long time. A small fraction of the return flow passes through a densitometer to obtain the mass density of the drilling fluid and therefore the volumetric flowrate can also be provided.

As a side effect of the instrument measurement principle, it is possible to obtain information about the number of cuttings particles that pass through the apparatus as well as their particle mass distribution. Dissolved gases are also separated while the drilling fluid traverses the device and it is therefore possible to relocate a chromatograph inside the apparatus in order to obtain a gas composition very close to the well outlet. Parts of the device have been built at a laboratory scale and the measurement principles have been verified for a range of small flowrates. The paper presents the results from the laboratory testing.

The quantitative measurement of the flowrate out of a well with an apparatus that can be retrofitted on existing rigs and that necessitates little maintenance, open for the possibility to achieve automatic gain/loss detection with few false alarms, therefore improving substantially safety of conventional drilling operations.
Emulsions for Use as Non-plugging Perforating Fluids
Authors: Priest G.G. , Morgan B.E.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 177–182.

The production of oil and gas from wells is often seriously hindered by the compaction of solids in the perforations during the perforating process. To realize the full productive capacity of a well, it is necessary either to remove the plugging material from the perforations or to perforate in a manner which does not cause plugging of the perforations. The latter method can be accomplished by having a non-plugging fluid in the casing at the time the well is perforated. This paper describes the results of laboratory tests, perforating tests, and experimental field tests which demonstrate that certain emulsions serve effectively as non-plugging perforating fluids.

The principal components of these emulsions are two liquids: an aqueous phase consisting of a solution of either sodium chloride or calcium chloride, and an oil phase consisting of diesel oil, tetrachloroethylene, or a combination of both. Small amounts of other agents which serve to stabilize the emulsions, to reduce the fluid loss, and to inhibit corrosion are also present.

The density of the emulsions is controllable within the range of 7.5 to 12.5 lb/ gal; no insoluble solids are present, the filtration rate is low, and the thermal stability is satisfactory at temperatures as high as 2000°F. The corrosion of steel by these emulsions is negligible.

Tests conducted under conditions which simulate the temperature and the pressure in an actual well demonstrate that these emulsions fulfill the requirements of a non-plugging perforating fluid. In addition, limited field experience furnishes evidence that these emulsions remain in position after they are spotted, that they are retained in the casing after the perforations are made, and that they are easily removed from the perforations when the well is opened for production.

When the pressure in the borehole is greater than the formation pressure at the time a well is perforated, plugging of the perforations can be avoided by spotting an emulsion adjacent the interval to be perforated. This procedure should eliminate low well productivity caused by plugging the perforations.
A Theory for the Effect of Heating Oil Producing Wells
Authors: Schild A.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 1–10.

The effect of heating a producing well on the rate of oil recovery has been analyzed in the simple case of a well producing oil by a radial drive and in the steady state.

Differences of production rates with and without borehole heating have been calculated and plotted; these measure some of the benefits of the thermal recovery process. A striking feature is that the production increase tends rapidly to a constant value for large production rates. Some concrete examples, including a rough comparison with field data, are discussed.

Heating requirements have been calculated and plotted on the assumption that the heaters used are 100 per cent efficient.

Heating has been thought of as applying only to low volume wells producing heavy oils. However, the calculations suggest that the thermal process considered might be profitable even for some wells producing large quantities of light oil, especially in unconsolidated formations where fracturing is not possible.

In the case of wells producing other fluids with the oil or of wells producing partly or wholly by gravity drainage, the theory developed does not apply in detail. It can be expected, however, that any general qualitative behavior will remain valid.

Under normal temperature conditions, high viscosity emulsions sometimes form around the wellbore, lowering the permeability in the vicinity of the well and impeding the production of oil. Borehole heating often prevents such emulsification. This important effect is not easily amenable to mathematical analysis and has not been included in the theory presented here. It should therefore be kept in mind that the benefits due to borehole heating may in fact exceed the values given by the following calculations.

Introduction

The recovery of viscous, low gravity oils can often be stimulated by applying heat to the production zone. The higher temperature lowers the viscosity of the oil, increasing its mobility, and therefore its rate of production.
The Mobility of Connate Water During a Water Flood
Authors: Brown W.O.
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 190–195.

A laboratory investigation was conducted to determine quantitatively the extent to which connate water was contacted and displaced by invading flood water. In these experiments the connate water in unconsolidated sand packed columns was completely displaced by injecting water. The nature of this displacement was similar to that previously described for single-phase miscible fluid displacement studies, and thus the presence of a non-wetting immiscible phase did not appreciably change the nature of the displacement. The effects of water injection rate, column length, and oil viscosity on connate water displacement were investigated.

It is concluded that the connate water in a reservoir is the water which actually displaces oil from the pores of the rock during a water flood. During a water flood the connate water forms a zone which separates the invading flood water from the continuous oil phase. The size and shape of connate water bank is chiefly dependent on the oil viscosity and the column length.

Introduction

Water flooding is one of the most widely used techniques for the secondary recovery of oil. Presently, however, it is still not possible to recover all the oil in a reservoir by water flooding. The research described in this paper was conducted as part of a study to determine the conditions under which 100 per cent oil recovery could be attained by water flooding. The particular objective of this work was to determine if any chemical agent, regardless of its nature, placed in the flood water could be effective in influencing the mechanism of displacement of the oil by water.

It has been known for many years that water does not displace all the oil in a reservoir because a portion of the oil is "trapped" and held immobile by capillary forces. This oil is trapped within the pores of a water-wet rock when it becomes broken into discontinuous globules. Initially, when oil is present at high saturations within the pores of a water-wet rock, the connate water forms rings around the points of contact of the sand grains and may even completely fill small cavities between grains, whereas the oil occupies the larger void spaces between the grains.