bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soluble FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase: Role in placenta accreta spectrum disorder
Authors: Lumbanraja Sarma , Yaznil M Rizki , Siahaan Andre M , Berry Eka Parda Bancin
Published: July 2021

Background: Placenta accreta is a pregnancy condition where the placenta's blood vessels attach too deeply to the uterine wall. Incidence of placenta accreta  is increasingly seen today as the rate of cesarean section increases, however, the exact pathophysiology of this condition is still not fully understood. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1  (sflt-1) as a protein produced by the placenta was found to be decreased in placenta accreta, Therefore we aim  to see if  sflt-1 has a role in the development of placenta accreta. Methods: This study involved 40 samples from patients that had been diagnosed with placenta accreta spectrum disorder (case group), and 40 samples from patients with normal pregnancies (control group)  at Rumah Skit Umum Pusat H.Adam Malik (RSUP) Haji Adam Malik Medan, in Indonesia.  Diagnosis of placenta accreta syndrome was based on Placenta Accreta Spectrum  Score (PAS), and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics  (FIGO) classification of placenta accreta spectrum disorder.Analyses  were performed by independent t-test, man Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis analysis test, with a P-value <0.05  considered as statistically significant (95%CI). Results: Based on this study, we found that the sFlt-1 level in the case group was lower than the control group. Data analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was a difference in sFlt-1 levels in this study group (p = 0.02), which was further evaluated  with post hoc analysis using Mann. Whitney U test. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the control and PAS 0, PAS1, and PAS 2 (p = 0.043; p = 0.002; p = 0.03). Conclusion: sFlt-1 levels decreased in placental invasive pregnancies compared to normal pregnancies, however, this still needs to be investigated further in a multi-center study, considering that sFlt-1 levels are also influenced by ethnicity and other conditions that cannot be excluded in this study.
The relevance and necessity of improving the document flow in the organizations of the commercial and public sector of the economy
Authors: Kyevorkova ZHanna , Karpova T. , Karpova V.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the substantiation and proof of the need to improve the methodology for documenting the facts of economic life as one of the fundamental initial elements of accounting. There is a discrepancy between the requirements of the legislation regarding the dating of the document and the practice of forming information about completed transactions, operations, etc.From the point of view of discounting, the Draft Federal Standard "Documents and Document Flow in Accounting"is considered. A special place in the article is given to the results of the study of the applied practice of electronic document management in organizations of the commercial and public sector of the economy.
Methodology for auditing the effectiveness of the use of public resources in the context of the " new " CAA 104
Authors: Egorova Irina
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the methodology for auditing the effectiveness of the use of state resources in conducting state audits in the context of the new CAA 104 that has entered into force. The article includes an assessment of the relevant provisions of the standards of the Accounting Chamber of the Russian Federation.
Mathematical Description for a Particular Case of Ellipse Focus Quasi-Rotation Around an Elliptical Axis
Authors: Antonova I. , Solomonova E. , Kadykova Nina
Published: July 2021

In this paper is provided mathematical analysis related to a particular case for a point quasi-rotation around a curve of an elliptical axis. The research complements the previous works in this direction. Has been considered a special case, in which the quasi-rotation correspondence is applied to a point located at the elliptical axis’s focus. This case is special, since the quasi-rotation center search is not invariant and does not lead to determination of four quasi-rotation centers, as in the general case. A constructive approach to the rotation center search shows that any point lying on the elliptical axis can be the quasi-rotation center. This feature leads to the fact that instead of four circles, the quasi-rotation of a point lying in the elliptical axis’s focus leads to the formation of an infinite number of circle families, which together form a channel surface. The resulting surface is a Dupin cyclide, whose throat circle has a zero radius and coincides with the original generating point. While analyzing are considered all cases of the rotation center location. Geometric constructions have been performed based on previously described methods of rotation around flat geometric objects’ curvilinear axes. For the study, the mathematical relationship between the coordinates of the initial set point, the axis curve equation and the motion trajectory equation of this point around the axis curve, described in earlier papers on this topic, is used. In the proposed paper has been provided the derivation of the motion trajectory equation for a point around the elliptic axis’s curve.
Atividade física para crianças e jovens: Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira
Authors: Dumith Samuel Carvalho , ´Prazeres Filho Alcides , Cureau Felipe Vogt , Farias Júnior José Cazuza de , Mello Júlio Brugnara , Silva Michael Pereira da , Matias Thiago Sousa , Lopes Wendell Artur , Magalhães Lorena Lima , Hallal Pedro Curi
Published: July 2021

A prática regular de atividade física promove benefícios fisiológicos, psicológicos e sociais na vida de crianças e jovens. Apesar da alta prevalência de jovens que não praticam atividade física em nosso país e de termos uma boa colocação no ranking mundial de produção acadêmica sobre pesquisa na área de atividade física e saúde, ainda não havia sido publicadas as recomendações brasileiras de atividade física. O objetivo deste artigo consistiu em descrever como foi desenvolvido o capítulo para crianças e jovens de 6 a 17 anos do Guia de Atividade Física para População Brasileira e apresentar as principais recomendações para esta faixa etária. A construção do capítulo para crianças e jovens envolveu as seguintes etapas: a) revisão de literatura; b) redação da versão preliminar do capítulo; c) processo de escuta com o público alvo referente ao capítulo e especialistas da área de promoção da atividade física; d) realização de consulta pública e; e) redação da versão final do capítulo. Os tópicos apresentados abordam exemplos de atividades físicas praticadas em diferentes domínios; recomendações para a prática (tipos, intensidade, frequência, duração e as formas que a mesma pode ser estruturada). Além disso, são apresentadas orientações para jovens, pais/responsáveis e professores sobre como adotar e manter um estilo de vida mais ativo fisicamente, assim como sugestões para reduzir o tempo em comportamento sedentário. A elaboração de um guia nacional de atividade física para a população brasileira foi algo inédito, e resultou de um esforço conjunto entre diversos setores da sociedade.
Atividade física para idosos: Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira
Authors: Coelho-Ravagnani Christianne de Faria , Sandreschi Paula Fabricio , Piola Thiago Silva , Santos Leandro dos , Santos Daniela Lopes dos , Mazo Giovana Zarpellon , Meneguci Joilson , Correia Marilia de Almeida , Benedetti Tânia Rosane Bertoldo , Germano-Soares Antônio Henrique , Hallal Pedro Curi , Cyrino Edilson Serpeloni
Published: July 2021

Por iniciativa do Ministério da Saúde, em colaboração com pesquisadores nacionais, elaborou-se o primeiro Guia de Atividade Física (AF) para a População Brasileira, incluindo recomendações para as várias fases da vida e populações especiais. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o processo metodológico e os resultados do capítulo de recomendações de AF para idosos. O Grupo de Trabalho Idosos (GT Idosos) contou com a participação de 11 pesquisadores/profissionais que realizaram reuniões virtuais semanais, revisão sistemática de revisões, que incluiu 50 artigos ao final, e escutas com profissionais de Educação Física (n = 143), gestores (n = 17) e com idosos (n = 22), de todas as regiões do país, por meio de entrevistas telefônicas e formulários eletrônicos. Baseado nos resultados da revisão e das escutas, elaborou-se uma primeira versão das recomendações de AF para idosos, que foi submetida à consulta pública. No total foram recebidas 46 sugestões válidas, das quais 34 foram aceitas e incorporadas ao texto final por possuírem relevância técnica e/ou social. Como resultados, o Guia destaca os principais benefícios da AF para idosos, como melhora dos aspectos físicos, mentais e sociais, e recomenda um mínimo de 150 minutos por semana de AF de intensidade moderada, ou 75 minutos de intensidade vigorosa, considerando as AF no tempo livre, no deslocamento, no trabalho/estudo ou nas tarefas domésticas. Acredita-se que o Guia auxiliará os idosos e profissionais de saúde a conhecerem os benefícios da AF, a quantidade recomendada e as diversas possibilidades de prática, por meio de mensagens e exemplos culturalmente apropriados.
Developing Optimal Student Plans of Study
Authors: Bowman R. Alan
Published: July 2021

Advisors in a small graduate program needed to be able to help students with a wide variety of needs and preferences in terms of starting term, pace of study, program of study, and mode of course delivery to identify plans of study in a dynamic fashion and enable them to follow those plans. Course sections were limited and needed to serve multiple programs and all types of students in those programs. Last-second schedule changes due to overly large or small registration numbers were problematic. Special arrangements to allow students to graduate on time were frequent and costly and lowered academic quality. Analytical tools were developed to help with the planning and alleviate these issues. The tools and the overall approach should be of interest to educational institutions and programs that need to offer a wide variety of students extensive flexibility and choices within a highly constrained scheduling environment.
Vedolizumab (Entyvio) in Crohn's disease
Authors: Stansfield Cath
Published: July 2021

Vedolizumab is a biological medicine (biologic), marketed under the brand name Entyvio (Takeda), used to treat moderate-to-severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This clinical review focuses primarily on the onset speed of vedolizumab in Crohn's disease. It consolidates research on the use of vedolizumab in IBD, including how the introduction of a formulation for subcutaneous injection has challenged IBD services to review the use of vedolizumab in Crohn's disease. It presents up-to-date information that addresses misconceptions among health professionals and patients that vedolizumab is slow to work in Crohn's disease. It explores why specialist IBD nurses might raise the availability of different biologics during patient consultations, as well as how to hold quality conversations on the topic and address potential patient misconceptions.
Opioid epidemic and prescribing in hospice and palliative care: a review of the literature
Authors: Borders Joshua R , Letvak Susan , Amirehsani Karen A , Ross Ratchneewan , Phifer Nancy
Published: July 2021

Background:

Rising rates of opioid abuse worldwide have led to the implementation of policies to curb opioid prescribing. It is unknown what impact these policies have on prescribing within the setting of hospice and palliative care.

Objectives:

To determine the current state of the science of opioid prescribing in hospice and palliative care in relation to the opioid epidemic and associated policies.

Methods:

A systematic integrative literature review was conducted using the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, ProQuest Central and SCOPUS.

Results:

Most of the existing literature examines physician perspectives related to opioid prescribing in primary care settings. Ample evidence exists that policies can and do affect rates of opioid prescribing in specialties outside of hospice and palliative care. There is limited evidence to suggest how these policies affect opioid prescribing in hospice and palliative care. However, the available evidence suggests that opioids are necessary in hospice and palliative care in order to manage pain.

Conclusion:

Further research is necessary to examine the possible negative impact of the opioid epidemic on opioid prescribing in hospice and palliative care.
Generic personal safety applications: empowering victims of domestic violence and abuse? A practitioner lens
Authors: Turgoose Di , McKie Ruth
Published: July 2021

Bespoke and generic domestic violence and abuse (DVA) personal safety applications (PSAs) have become a popular choice for strategic crime prevention projects by those in the criminal justice sector to achieve justice through digital means as part of the wider digital justice project. These PSAs have been heralded as tools for the protection, empowerment and resilience building of victims in DVA, despite limited independent evaluations. This article explores the use of a generic PSA, which the police have adopted for rollout to victims of DVA in one region of the United Kingdom. We undertook a thematic analysis of data taken from a roundtable and three follow up focus groups with practitioners from the police, criminal justice, DVA specialist sector and victim services, alongside the PSA development team. We found both some support for using this PSA and serious concerns regarding its use in DVA situations.
High-absorption grating–insulator–metal structures
Authors: Chen Xu , He DongJian , Wu JiuHui
Published: July 2021

A thin grating–insulator–metal (GIM) structure consisting of a top metal grating layer on a dielectric layer and a bottom metal layer is proposed, which shows a broadband high absorption at a small thickness. This phenomenon is attributed to the appropriate effective surface permittivity of the top grating layer and the cavity resonance of the middle insulator layer. By optimizing the structural and material parameters, the materials of the GIM structure from top to bottom are Mn,

A
l

2

O

3

, and Mn with thicknesses of 10, 70, and 70 nm, respectively. The structure with these optimum parameters is fabricated and characterized, and an improved performance with absorption exceeding 90% in the visible region is obtained using Mn as the metal layers. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical values, depicting an ultrabroad absorption bandwidth. The conclusions presented here could have potential applications in optical devices used for optical displacement detection and visible light absorption.
Miltefosine enhances infectivity of a miltefosine-resistant Leishmania infantum strain by attenuating its innate immune recognition
Authors: Bulté Dimitri , Van Bockstal Lieselotte , Dirkx Laura , Van den Kerkhof Magali , De Trez Carl , Timmermans Jean-Pierre , Hendrickx Sarah , Maes Louis , Caljon Guy
Published: July 2021

Background

Miltefosine (MIL) is currently the only oral drug available to treat visceral leishmaniasis but its use as first-line monotherapy has been compromised by an increasing treatment failure. Despite the scarce number of resistant clinical isolates, MIL-resistance by mutations in a single aminophospholipid transporter gene can easily be selected in a laboratory environment. These mutations result in a reduced survival in the mammalian host, which can partially be restored by exposure to MIL, suggesting a kind of drug-dependency.

Methodology/Principal findings

To enable a combined study of the infection dynamics and underlying immunological events for differentialin vivosurvival, firefly luciferase (PpyRE9) / red fluorescent protein (DsRed) double-reporter strains were generated of MIL-resistant (MIL-R) and syngeneic MIL-sensitive (MIL-S)Leishmania infantum. Results in C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mice show that MIL-R parasites induce an increased innate immune response that is characterized by enhanced influx and infection of neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells in the liver and elevated serum IFN-γ levels, finally resulting in a less efficient establishment in liver macrophages. The elevated IFN-γ levels were shown to originate from an increased response of hepatic NK and NKT cells to the MIL-R parasites. In addition, we demonstrated that MIL could increase thein vivofitness of MIL-R parasites by lowering NK and NKT cell activation, leading to a reduced IFN-γ production.

Conclusions/Significance

Differential induction of innate immune responses in the liver was found to underlie the attenuated phenotype of a MIL-R parasite and its peculiar feature of drug-dependency. The impact of MIL on hepatic NK and NKT activation and IFN-γ production following recognition of a MIL-R strain indicates that this mechanism may sustain infections with resistant parasites and contribute to treatment failure.
Efficacy and safety of palbociclib and ribociclib in patients with estrogen and/or progesterone receptor positive, HER2 receptor negative metastatic breast cancer in routine clinical practice
Authors: Rath Sushmita , Elamarthi Prahalad , Parab Pallavi , Gulia Seema , Nandhana Ravindra , Mokal Smruti , Kembhavi Yogesh , Perumal Prema , Bajpai Jyoti , Ghosh Jaya , Gupta Sudeep
Published: July 2021

Background

There is scant data from India on efficacy and safety of palbociclib and ribociclib in routine clinical practice.

Methods

This retrospective, observational, single institution study included patients with estrogen and/or progesterone receptor positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative metastatic breast cancers, who received palbociclib or ribociclib with any partner endocrine therapy in any line of treatment between January 2016 and June 2019. Data were analyzed for progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and toxicity.

Results

The study included 101 female patients with median age of 57 (IQR 48–62) years, of whom 80 (79.2%) were postmenopausal, 79 (78.2%) received palbociclib or ribociclib in second- or later-line treatment, 59 (58.4%) received fulvestrant and 41 (40.6%) received an aromatase inhibitor. In first-line treatment, at a median follow-up of 21.7 (0.5–41.9) months, median PFS and OS were 21.1 (95%CI 16.36-not estimable) months and not reached, respectively. In second- or later-line setting, at a median follow-up of 17.2 (0.5–43.7) months, median PFS and OS were 5.98 (95%CI 4.96–7.89) months and 20.2 (95%CI 14.1-not estimable) months, respectively. Grade 3–4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia were seen in 45 (45.0%) and 9 (9.0%) patients, respectively while dose reduction was required in 32 (31.7%) patients. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, first-line setting (HR 0.49, 95%CI 0.25–0.97, p = 0.043) and ECOG performance status 1 (HR 0.43, 95%CI 0.20–0.91, p = 0.028) were significantly associated with PFS while only ECOG PS 1 was significantly associated (HR 0.04, 95%CI 0.008–0.206, p = 0.000) with OS.

Conclusion

Palbociclib and ribociclib, when used in routine clinical practice in first or subsequent lines of treatment, resulted in efficacy and toxicity outcomes in concordance with those expected from pivotal trials.
Design and psychometric evaluation of schools’ resilience tool in Emergencies and disasters: A mixed-method
Authors: Mirzaei Samaneh , Mohammadinia Leila , Nasiriani KHadijeh , Dehghani Tafti Abbas Ali , Rahaei Zohreh , Falahzade Hossein , Amiri Hamid Reza , Sharif Nia Hamid , Dehghani Mohammad Hossein
Published: July 2021

Background

In addition to their educational role, resilient schools have a good capacity in response to disasters. Due to the large student population, the schools can be a safe and secure environment during disasters, in addition to maintaining their performance after. Given the role and importance of the schools, the impact of culture and environment on resilience, without any indigenous and comprehensive tool for measuring the resilience in Iran, the study aimed to design and psychometrically evaluate the measurement tools.

Method

This study was conducted using a mixed-method sequential explanatory approach. The research was conducted in two main phases of production on items based on hybrid model and the psychometric evaluation of the tool. The second phase included validity (formal, content and construction) and reliability (multiplex internal similarity, consistency and reliability).

Result

The integration of systematic and qualitative steps resulted in entering 91 items into the pool of items. After formal and content validity, 73 items remained and 44 were omitted in exploratory factor analysis. A questionnaire with 5 factors explained 52.08% of total variance. Finally, after the confirmatory factor analysis, the questionnaire was extracted with 29 questions and 5 factors including "functional", "architectural", "equipment", "education" and "safety". Internal similarity and stability in all factors were evaluated as good.

Conclusion

The result showed that the 29-item questionnaire of school resilience in emergencies and disasters is valid and reliable, that can be used to evaluate school resilience. On the other hand, the questionnaire on assessment of school resilience in disasters enables intervention to improve its capacity.
Leadership empowering behaviour as a predictor of employees’ psychological well-being: Evidence from a cross-sectional study among secondary school teachers in Kohat Division, Pakistan
Authors: Suleman Qaiser , Syed Makhdoom Ali , Shehzad Saqib , Hussain Ishtiaq , Khattak Alam Zeb , Khan Irfan Ullah , Amjid Muhammad , Khan Iqleem
Published: July 2021

In this technologically developed scenario, many organizations in developing countries including Pakistan have expanded the enthusiasm for understanding and creating an encouraging administrative and managerial environment. Numerous organizations are struggling for structural changes by deserting the old-fashioned organizational management style and implementing an empowering leadership where leaders give more authority to subordinates in decision making and responsibilities with the aim to increase organizational productivity. Therefore, the study examined the leadership empowering behaviour as a predictor of employees’ psychological well-being of the educational institutions at secondary level in Kohat Division, Pakistan. A total sample of 564 secondary school teachers (malen= 379; femalen= 185) was carefully chosen through a stratified random sampling technique. In this study, a non-experimental predictive correlational design was adopted. In order to collect data from the participants, two different standardized research tools i.e., the Leader Empowering Behaviour Questionnaire and Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scale were used. After the collection of data, it was analyzed on the basis of mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and multiple linear regression model. In conclusion, the study confirmed a significant positive correlation between leadership empowering behaviour and employees’ psychological well-being. Leadership empowering behaviours predict employees’ psychological well-being positively. Therefore, it was recommended that empowering behaviour might be adopted by the school leaders to improve the employees’ psychological well-being for better organizational productivity.
Effects of riverbank erosion on mental health of the affected people in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Altaf , Alam Md. Jahangir , Haque Md. Rezaul
Published: July 2021

Background

In Bangladesh, riverbank erosion is a major problem that regularly displaces millions of people and affects their mental health every year.

Objectives

The primary objective is to explore the effects of riverbank erosion on mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and stress in Bangladesh.

Methods

We conducted a household survey from August 2019 to November 2019 on randomly selected adult respondents from Rajbari District located along the Ganges River and Tangail District located along the Brahmaputra River. The respondents were divided into two groups: exposed and non-exposed to riverbank erosion. All participants were asked to complete self-reported questionnaires on the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, and other socio-demographic, economic and riverbanks erosion-related factors. We performed Chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression analysis to explore the significant risk factors (P<0.05) of mental illness (depression, anxiety and stress).

Results

We surveyed 611 households, of whom 410 were from Rajbari and 201 were from Tangail. Among 611 respondents, 509 (83.31%) were exposed by riverbank erosion whereas 102 (16.69%) were non-exposed. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress (DAS) was 38.30%, 76.60%, 32.41%, respectively, and they were significantly higher among the exposed group than the non-exposed group (depression: 45.19% versus 3.92%, P<0.001; anxiety: 82.71% versus 46.08%, P<0.001; stress: 38.11% versus 3.92%, P<0.001). The respondents exposed to river erosion were respectively 8.28, 2.26 and 5.09 times more likely to develop DAS disorder compared to their non-exposed counterparts (ORD = 8.28, 95% CI = 2.75–24.89; ORA = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.31–3.88; ORS = 5.09, 95% CI = 1.64–15.76). Females and those who lost their houses and displaced, were more likely to have DAS disorder compared to their respective counterparts.

Conclusions

The exposed people were more likely to experience mental health problem and demand some social safety net programs with special focus on female and those who lost houses and displaced.
How to improve technical and tactical actions of dominant and non-dominant players in children’s football?
Authors: Hintermann Mirjam , Born Dennis-Peter , Fuchslocher Jörg , Kern Raphael , Romann Michael
Published: July 2021

As young football players develop important technical and tactical skills during competitive matches, this study investigated quantity and quality of technical and tactical actions in real game conditions in a 4v4 compared to the traditional 7v7 match format. In total, three matches of each format were played by 103 young football players (10.3±0.6 years) and video monitored for subsequent manual tagging of technical and tactical events. Based on the number of technical and tactical actions in the 7v7 matches, players were classified as dominant or non-dominant and changes in these subgroups were assessed during the 4v4 match format. The 4v4 match format significantly (P<0.001) increased total number of actions per player per minute compared to the 7v7 matches (5.59±1.44 and 2.78±0.73, respectively) and the number of successful (2.88±0.92 and 1.15±0.49, respectively) and unsuccessful (1.05±0.42 and 0.67±0.23, respectively) actions. Both dominant and non-dominant players increased their number of actions during the 4v4 compared to 7v7 match format. Despite a missing significant interaction effect, there was a larger percentage increase in number of actions for the non-dominant players (143%) compared to dominant players (72%) in 4v4. The 4v4 match format shows twice as many technical and tactical actions in real game conditions and, therefore, may improve players’ skill development.
Peer video feedback builds basic life support skills: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial
Authors: Sopka Saša , Hahn Fabian , Vogt Lina , Pears Kim Hannah , Rossaint Rolf , Rudolph Jenny , Klasen Martin
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Training Basic Life Support saves lives. However, current BLS training approaches are time-consuming and costly. Alternative cost-efficient and effective training methods are highly needed. The present study evaluated whether a video-feedback supported peer-guided Basic Life Support training approach achieves similar practical performance as a standard instructor-guided training in laypersons.

Methods

In a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial, 288 first-year medical students were randomized to two study arms with different Basic Life Support training methods: 1) Standard Instructor Feedback (SIF) or 2) a Peer Video Feedback (PVF). Outcome parameters were objective data for Basic Life Support performance (compression depth and rate) from a resuscitation manikin with recording software as well as overall Basic Life Support performance and subjective confidence. Non-inferiority margins (Δ) for these outcome parameters and sample size calculation were based on previous studies with Standard Instructor Feedback. Two-sided 95% confidence intervals were employed to determine significance of non-inferiority.

Results

Results confirmed non-inferiority of Peer Video Feedback to Standard Instructor Feedback for compression depth (proportion difference PVF–SIF = 2.9%; 95% CI: -8.2% to 14.1%; Δ = -19%), overall Basic Life Support performance (proportion difference PVF–SIF = 6.7%; 95% CI: 0.0% to 14.3%; Δ = -27%) and subjective confidence for CPR performance (proportion difference PVF–SIF = -0.01; 95% CI: -0.18–0.17; Δ = -0.5) and emergency situations (proportion difference PVF–SIF = -0.02; 95% CI: -0.21–0.18; Δ = -0.5). Results for compression rate were inconclusive.

Discussion

Peer Video Feedback achieves comparable results as standard instructor-based training methods. It is an easy-to-apply and cost-efficient alternative to standard Basic Life Support training methods. To improve performance with respect to compression rate, additional implementation of a metronome is recommended.
Radiative analysis of luminescence in photoreactive systems: Application to photosensitizers for solar fuel production
Authors: Supplis Caroline , Dauchet Jérémi , Gattepaille Victor , Gros Fabrice , Vourc’h Thomas , Cornet Jean-François
Published: July 2021

Most chemical reactions promoted by light and using a photosensitizer (a dye) are subject to the phenomenon of luminescence. Redistribution of light in all directions (isotropic luminescence emission) and in a new spectral range (luminescence emission spectrum) makes experimental and theoretical studies much more complex compared to a situation with a purely absorbing reaction volume. This has a significant impact on the engineering of photoreactors for industrial applications. Future developments associated with photoreactive system optimization are therefore extremely challenging, and require an in-depth description and quantitative analysis of luminescence. In this study, a radiative model describing the effect of luminescence radiation on the calculation of absorptance is presented and analyzed with the multiple inelastic-scattering approach, using Monte Carlo simulations. The formalism of successive orders of scattering expansion is used as a sophisticated analysis tool which provides, when combined with relevant physical approximations, convenient analytical approximate solutions. Its application to four photosensitizers that are representative of renewable hydrogen production via artificial photosynthesis indicates that luminescence has a significant impact on absorptance and on overall quantum yield estimation, with the contribution of multiple scattering and important spectral effects due to inelastic scattering. We show that luminescence cannot be totally neglected in that case, since photon absorption lies at the root of the chemical reaction. We propose two coupled simple and appropriate analytical approximations enabling the estimation of absorptance with a relative error below 6% in every tested situation: the zero-order scattering approximation and the gray single-scattering approximation. Finally, this theoretical approach is used to determine and discuss the overall quantum yield of a bio-inspired photoreactive system with Eosin Y as a photosensitizer, implemented in an experimental setup comprising a photoreactor dedicated to hydrogen production.
Cuba—U.S. scientific collaboration: Beyond the embargo
Authors: Ronda-Pupo Guillermo Armando
Published: July 2021

Cuba and the U.S. have the oldest Academies of Sciences outside Europe. Both countries have a long history of scientific collaboration that dates to the 1800s. Both scientific communities also share geographical proximity and common scientific research interests mainly in Biotechnology, Meteorology, and Public Health research. Despite these facts, scientists from both nations face serious barriers to cooperation raised by the U.S. embargo established in 1961 that prohibits exchanges with Cuba. The study aims to analyze the effects of U.S. policy on scientific collaboration with Cuban scientific institutions. The results of the bibliometric analysis of Cuba-U.S. joint publications in the Web of Science, and Scopus databases between 1980 to 2020 indicate sustained growth of scientific collaboration between scientists of both nations over the past forty years. The results also show that after the 1980 Smithsonian Institution and the Cuba’s Academy of Sciences agreement significantly increased scientific collaboration between U.S. scientists with their Cuban peers. President Barack Obama’s approach to normalizing the U.S. Cuba relations in 2015 enhanced Cuban scientific production with U.S. scientists by exceeding the number of collaborative papers published during any preceding U.S. Presidential administration. By 2020, Cuba had expanded its scientific links to 80% of the countries in the world. Cuban and U.S. scientists converted from adversaries into partners, showing that science is an effective diplomatic channel. A particularly important question for the future is how robust is the collaboration system in the face of greater political restrictions?
Ressenya de: Jordi A. López Lillo (2019) La política salvaje. Una teoría genealógica de los fundamentos sociales. Oxford. BAR Publishing.
Authors: Penalva Verdú Clemente
Published: July 2021

Una investigació el principi de la qual era establir un marc teòric que poguera servir d’ajuda a l'anàlisi arqueològica i a interpretar els objectes culturals materials, desemboca en una profunda i extensa reflexió sobre les principals categories que fan servir les ciències socials per a estudiar la vida humana. Suposa un exercici metodològic molt poc freqüent en el treball científic: un salt consistent en començar avaluant unes ferramentes que ajuden a accedir a un objecte d'estudi per a acabar analitzant aquestes mateixes eines, convertint-les en l'objecte d'estudi. Poques investigacions que permeten obtenir un títol, com és el cas d'una tesi doctoral, realitzen aquest extraordinari esforç i adopten aquesta actitud tan valenta. Aquesta és la feina de Jordi A. López Lillo (investigador de formació històrica i arqueològica duta a terme a la Universitat d'Alacant i a la Universitat Nacional de Còrdova -Argentina- que ha participat en diferents investigacions arqueològiques a Europa i Amèrica i que en l’actualitat és investigador del CSIC) amb el títol La política Salvatge; Una teoria genealògica dels fonaments socials, publicat per BAR Publishing.
INVESTIGATION NON-ALKALOIDAL BIOLOGICAL ACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF DATURA INNOXIA
Authors: Garaev Eldar Abdulla , Valiyeva Adila Karam , Karamli Amalia Nazim , Huseynova Nigar Mustafa
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the investigation is to study non-alkaloidal biological active compounds of various organs, the antimicrobial activity of plant oil and ethanolic extracts of Datura innoxia Mill. from nightshades (Solanaceae). D. innoxia grows in the natural environmental conditions of the Republic of Azerbaijan. We have studied presence of several biological active compounds – triterpenoic acids, essential oils, fatty acids, sterols and amino acids in the content of various organs of plant. Oil was obtained by using Soxhlet apparatus and investigated by GC method. After removing the oil from the seeds, triterpenoic acids - oleanolic and ursolic acids were isolated and identified by TLC. Essential oils were obtained from plant leaves by hydrodistillation and studied by GC-MS method. 20 amino acids were identified in the aerial part of the plant by the HPLC method, with amino acid analyzer L-8800 (Hitachi, Ltd.), 12 of them are non-essential, 8 are essential.

The antimicrobial activity of plant oils of seed and ethanolic extracts of some parts (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds) were studied on Staphylococcus aureus, Esherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus anthracoides, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. The significant activity of some extracts (stems, leaves, fruits and seeds) was observed against S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans, B. anthracoides and plant oil against C. albicans.
INFLUENCE OF STEM ROT ON THE COMPOSITION AND THE CONTENT OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN THE LEAVES OF BOPLAMIC POPULUS (POPULUS BALSAMIFERA L.) UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF URBANIZATION
Authors: Koltunov Evgeniy Vladimirovich
Published: July 2021

Balsam poplar is important component of landscaping urban environments. It’s characterized by high growth rate and resistance to negative environmental factors, but in urbanization conditions it’s intensely affected by diseases, especially stem rot. Biochemical composition of poplar has been studied, mainly in buds [1–4]. In leaves, it’s less studied [5–7]. Therefore, study of influence of stem rot on phenolic compounds of Balsam poplar leaves at urbanization conditions was main purpose of research. Biochemical composition of leaves was studied by HPLC. Chromatography of leaf extracts revealed 88 compounds, identified 22 of them. Predominant tendency was activation of their synthesis: 45.46%. Flavonoids are dominated in their composition (50%). 27.27% of compounds inhibition of phenolic compounds synthesis was observed, 27.27% content is not change. This is consequence of reaction to oxidative stress. Differences in composition of chemical compounds in leaves of control and diseased plants were not observed. Reaction of woody plants different species to stem rot and pollution is different. This is due to both the species-specificity of the reaction and different levels of resistance and tolerance of various species and different mechanisms of adaptation to these factors. Probably different species of plants have different strategies for dealing with effects of environments factors, it’s possible that similar mechanism exists for different species of stands affected by rot.
FEATURES OF THE CONTENT OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN THE CONIFEROUS LARCH GMELINA IN THE AR-EA OF THE UDOKAN COPPER DEPOSIT
Authors: Makarov Vladimir Petrovich , Borzenko Svetlana Vladimirovna , Pomazkova Nadezhda Viktorovna , Zhelibo Tat'yana Vital'yevna
Published: July 2021

The article presents materials for the study of the content of chemical elements in the coniferous larch Gmelina (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.) family Pinaceae (syn.: Larix dahurica Turcz. ex Trautv., Larix amurensis Beissn.), growing in the high-altitude region of the North of the TRANS-Baikal territory, near the Udokan copper Deposit. The purpose of the research is to assess the concentration of a number of chemical elements in high-altitude and permafrost soils, while preparing the territory of the copper Deposit for exploitation. Selection of larch plant samples was carried out in the types of larch forests widely distributed in the research area, in June 2011. The analysis of pine needles samples was performed according to approved methods using modern instruments and equipment in the laboratory of Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology SB RAS. It was found that in General L. Gmelin needles have a low concentration of chemical elements, which are arranged in the following sequence: Mg> Sr> Al> Ba> Fe > Ti> Ni> Cu> Mn> Hg> Zn> V> Ag> Cr> Pb> Cd> Sb> Co> Se> As. At the same time, mercury is the only element whose concentration in larch conifers is much higher, 3.8 times, than that of land plants. The article presents a correlation table of the interaction of chemical elements. The table shows that titanium, aluminum, zinc, and silver have a greater effect on the content of chemical elements in conifers. The results presented in the article were obtained in the studied area for the first time. It is important to use the results of this work to monitor environmental pollution, to take into account when using larch to obtain medicinal substances, and to increase the productivity of forest plantations. Further research in this area may be related to other areas of distribution of larch forests, geochemical assessment of the region.
MATLAB Implementation of Direct and Indirect Shooting Methods to Solve an Optimal Control Problem With State Constraints
Authors: Karbowski Andrzej
Published: July 2021

The paper presents a general procedure to solve numerically optimal control problems with state constraints. Itis used in the case, when the simple time discretization of the state equations and expressing the optimal control problem as a nonlinear mathematical programming problem is too coarse. It is based on using in turn two multiple shooting BVP approaches: direct and indirect.The paper is supplementary to the earlier author’s paper on direct and indirect shooting methods, presenting the theory underlying both approaches. The same example is considered here and brought to an end, that is two full listings of two Matlab codes are shown.
Model of a Wind Turbine with Variable Blade Angle
Authors: Chudzik Stanisław
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of research into the operation of a model of a wind micropower plant with a variable blade angle. The research was carried out on a miniature model of a measuring stand built for the purpose of carrying out work on pre-developed projects of wind micro power plants. The stand allows to carry out measurements related to the selection of the optimal propeller geometry, as well as the development and testing of algorithms for optimal control of the micropower plant. The physical basics of wind turbine operation and the methods of its optimal control are presented. The results of the performed measurements for the selected propeller blade geometry with the possibility of changing its setting angle are presented. A DC generator with a load with a non-linear characteristic in the form of a Li-Po battery cell was used. The results of operation of a simple MPPT control algorithm are presented. The lack of optimal control systems for the operation of micropower plants is dictated by the general belief that the costs of its production are high in relation to the possible improvement of the efficiency of micropower plants. Moreover, the practical methods of controlling larger wind turbines are not optimal for small and very small turbines. The conducted research focused on determining the possibility of using turbines with variable blade angles depending on its rotational speed. In larger wind farms, changing the blade angle is mainly used to limit the power of the turbine at high wind speeds. In micro wind power plants such solutions are not used for economic reasons. However, the use of a simple mechanism for changing the angle of the blades depending on the rotational speed of the propeller can increase the efficiency of the turbine in a wider range of wind speeds. The small dimensions of the research model allow for quick and cheap development of preliminary prototypes of turbine blades thanks to the possibility of using 3D printing technology.
The Avoiding Manoeuvre Against Aggregated Group of Obstacles Moving Around the Airplane
Authors: Graffstein Jerzy
Published: July 2021

Successful avoidance of a mid air collision with moving obstacles depends on solutions of some most essential problems, e.g.: quick detection of an obstacle, verification whether detected obstacle is a critical one and making right decision on evasive manoeuvre. This decision – making process requires an appropriate identification of a threat’s nature, including whether detected obstacles should be treated as one aggregated group. Aggregation of obstacles moving in short distance one to the other is a typical case. The paper addresses also the case of inclusion the obstacle to the group objects moving in longer distances one to the other. The algorithm used for deciding whether a moving obstacle should be added to (aggregated with) a given group has been presented. A method for computing its characteristic parameters has been presented too. Selected scenarios of avoiding the aggregated group of moving obstacles have been simulated and results obtained illustrates problems considered.
Sequencing of Robot Packing
Authors: Pieńkosz Krzysztof
Published: July 2021

In the paper the problem of an automatic pallet loading with the usage of a robot is considered. In the logistic processes of trade business commodities are distributed from stores to retailers on pallets. In the paper the methods of pallet loading are analyzed in terms of the robot packing abilities. In order to put an item in a given place in a partially loaded pallet, robot needs to have free access to this place, so it cannot be blocked. A graph model is proposed to represent the relative positions of items on pallets and a method for sequencing of robot packing operations is formulated. It is also shown that not all patterns of pallet packing can be realized by a robot.
The IRPA Young Generation Network: Activity Report from the Middle of 2018 to the Beginning of 2021
Authors: Andresz Sylvain , Sakoda Akihiro , Ha Wi-Ho , Kabrt Franz , Kono Takahiko , Muñoz Marina Sáez , Nusrat Omar , Papp Cinthia , Qiu Rui , Bryant Pete
Published: July 2021

Since its establishment in 2018, the Young Generation Network (YGN) has been dedicated, with support of the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA), to a variety of activities to promote communication, collaboration and professional development of students and young professionals in the area of radiation protection and its allied fields. This article reports our recent activities from the middle of 2018 to the beginning of 2021, with highlights on some important events: “Joint JHPS-SRP-KARP Workshop of Young Generation Network” (December 2019 in Japan); contribution to “Nuclear Energy Agency Workshop on Optimization: Rethinking the Art of Reasonable” (January 2020 in Portugal); survey on the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on radiation protection among IRPA YGN members (March 2020); and contribution to IRPA15 (15th International Congress of the IRPA; January–February 2021, online). The discussion and insight obtained from each activity are also summarized. The IRPA YGN will aim to achieve its on-going activities and continue to follow the ways paved in the Strategic Agenda and despite the challenges raised by the COVID-19 pandemic. Namely, running an international survey (for example, on the usage of social media in radiation protection, and on the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic), engaging national YGNs, extending the network, finding new relationships with networks with an interest in the young generation and participation in (remote) events will be aspired for.
Configuraciones políticas en las elecciones subnacionales de General Pueyrredon en 2015
Authors: Bianchino Augusto
Published: July 2021

Este artículo analiza el proceso electoral de 2015 con foco en la ciudad de Mar del Plata, partiendo de un enfoque centrado en los actores políticos y las configuraciones políticas comunales. El análisis se realizó desde una perspectiva subnacional, en relación con los acuerdos y contingencias que tuvieron lugar en las arenas provincial y nacional, lo que permite observar el impacto que éstas tuvieron en los armados locales y viceversa. Por último, en clave microanalítica, se indaga la distribución del voto por circuito electoral focalizando en los arrastres y corte de boleta de las elecciones generales de octubre 2015.