bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Social Media in the Qur’anic Exegesis (Tafseer) During COVID-19 Lockdown: Online Survey
Authors: Shitu Mubarak Ismail , Saad Ali Abdulrahman
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 pandemic despite seen as disaster but can also be seen as blessing. Social media prior to the period of the pandemic has been seen as negative aspect of the 21st century due to its improper utilization and number of side effects to the young generation. This study aims at determining the level of utilization of the Social media in Qur’anic Exegesis during COVID-19 lockdown in Northern Nigeria. This paper collects an empirical data on Social Media that have become available via the Internet in the light of usability and impact for Qur’anic Exegesis during COVID-19 Lockdown. Nevertheless, the analysis revealed that the response about the level and extent of utilization of social media in the Qur’anic exegesis is extremely high. People reflection on their experience about social media in listening to Qur’anic exegesis shows high level of acceptance and adoptability. Similarly, it concludes that the number of audience or listeners to Qur’anic exegesis (Tafseer) during the lockdown via social media is significantly high. Moreover, people have positive perception on the use of social media to listen to Qur’anic exegesis. Meanwhile, it is therefore recommended that Muslims should explore optimum use of social media to spread the cause of Allah. In the same vein, awareness should be done to enlighten Muslims on the permissibility of using social media. The mode of Qur’anic exegesis via social media used during COVID-19 pandemic should be adopted even after the pandemic for the onwards Islamic programs.
Modeling COVID-19 Pandemic Data with Beta-Double Exponential Model
Authors: Badmus N. I. , Olanrewaju Faweya , Adeniran A. T.
Published: January 2021

Objective: This paper examines and upgrades a two-parameter double exponential distribution to a four-parameter beta double exponential model by compounding the baseline distribution and beta link function to fits and analyse deaths-cases data set of the recent outbreak of the global pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) for both Africa and Non-Africa countries. The new proposed model, although complex in its mathematical structure, yet flexible to implement and its robustness to accommodate non-normal data is an extra advantage to statistical theory and other fields.

Methodology: The statistical properties: the density function, cumulative distribution function, survival function, hazard function, moments, moments generating function, skewness and kurtosis of the developed model were presented. Maximum likelihood method is used for parameters estimation procedure. The new model is validated and compared with some frontier similar extant parametric family of beta distributions using graphs, Kolmogorov Smirnov (KS) Statistic, Log-likelihood and model criteria statistics like Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) and Consistent Akaike Information Criteria (CAIC) as tools for comparison.

Results: The graphs, KS, LogL and model criteria statistics values showed that the proposed model fits the COVID-19 pandemic data better than other competing models since the model has lower values as stated: The values from non-African countries KS = 0.1208, LogL = 278.4168, AIC = 560.8336, BIC = 576.1147 and CAIC = 577.1147. Also, from African countries are: KS = 0.0759, LogL = 144.0245, AIC = 292.0490, BIC = 303.9302 and CAIC = 304.9302.

Conclusion: The proposed model showed its applicability and flexibility over other models considered in this work. Therefore, this implies that the new model can be used for modeling other infectious disease data and real data in many fields.
Chandrayaan-2: A Memorable Mission Conducted by ISRO
Authors: Sarkar Buddhadev , Mani Pabitra Kumar
Published: January 2021

Aims: The Chandrayaan-2 aims to wave the Indian flag on the dark side (South Pole) of the Moon that had never been rendered by any country before. The mission had conducted to gather more scientific information about the Moon. There were three main components of the Chandrayann-2 spacecraft- an orbiter, a lander, and a rover, means to collect data for the availability of water in the South Pole of the Moon.

Place and Duration of Study: The rover (Pragyan) was designed to operate for one Lunar day that is equivalent to 14 Earth days, whereas the orbiter is assumed to orbit the Moon for seven years instead of the previously planned for just one year.

Overview: The Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft launched by India's heavy-lift rocket Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-Mark III (GSLV MKIII) from the Satish Dhawan Space Center launch pad located on Sriharikota island of Andhra Prades. Unlike, Chandrayaan-1, this lunar mission aimed to perform a soft-landing on the South Pole of the Lunar surface and do scientific experiments with the help of the rover (Pragyan).

Reason: The Chandrayaan-1, the first lunar mission of ISRO that detected water molecules on the Moon. The Chandrayaan-2 was a follow-on mission of Chandrayaan-1 to explore the presence of water molecules on the South Pole of the Moon.

Conclusion: Although the orbiter fulfilled all of the command, unfortunately, the lander (Lander) lost its communication at the last moment to touch the Moon’s surface softly. Despite that, India again showed its potential in space missions. Chandrayaan- 2 was the most low budget lunar mission ever conducted by any space organization. The developing or even underdeveloped countries may come forward in their space program as ISRO is showing a convenient way in space missions.
Resolving Nanocomposite Interfaces via Simultaneous Submicrometer Optical‐Photothermal Infrared‐Raman Microspectroscopy
Authors: Wang Alexander J. , Dillon Eoghan P. , Maharjan Surendra , Liao Kang‐Shyang , McElhenny Brian P. , Tong Tian , Chen Shuo , Bao Jiming , Curran Seamus A.
Published: January 2021

Nanocomposite materials are assuming increasingly important roles across contemporary materials science. Analytical characterizations and visualizations of nanoscale interphases/interfaces are critical to development of novel multiphase nanostructures and nanoscale systems. While conventional vibrational spectroscopies are indispensable physicochemical characterization tools, standard techniques such as Fourier‐transform and quantum cascade laser infrared (IR) microspectroscopies are intrinsically limited in spatial resolution by the wavelength‐dependent diffraction limit of IR light (≈5–12 µm). Optical‐photothermal infrared (O‐PTIR) with simultaneous hyperspectral Raman microspectroscopy (O‐PTIR+R) is a novel all‐optical technique that circumvents such diffraction limits, yielding position‐specific IR spectra with sub‐micrometer wavelength‐independent resolution across the mid‐IR. This work implements single‐frequency O‐PTIR with concomitant hyperspectral Raman microspectroscopy to resolve interfacial regions in a poly(octadecyl acrylate)‐grafted‐multiwall carbon nanotube (PODA‐g‐MWCNT) nanocomposite for wearable temperature sensors and highlights how the O‐PTIR+R technique can be used for analytical characterization and visualization of other nanocomposite systems below resolution limitations of conventional IR spectroscopies.
The Hallmarks of Copper Single Atom Catalysts in Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells and Electrochemical CO2 Fixation
Authors: Pieta Izabela S. , Kadam Ravishankar G. , Pieta Piotr , Mrdenovic Dusan , Nowakowski Robert , Bakandritsos Aristides , Tomanec Ondrej , Petr Martin , Otyepka Michal , Kostecki Robert , Khan M. A. Majeed , Zboril Radek , Gawande Manoj B.
Published: January 2021

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are highly enviable to exploit the utmost utilization of metallic catalysts; their efficiency by utilizing nearly all atoms to often exhibit high catalytic performances. To architect the isolated single atom on an ideal solid support with strong coordination has remained a crucial trial. Herein, graphene functionalized with nitrile groups (cyanographene) as an ideal support to immobilize isolated copper atoms G(CN)‐Cu with strong coordination is reported. The precisely designed mixed‐valence single atom copper (G(CN)‐Cu) catalysts deliver exceptional conversions for electrochemical methanol oxidation (MOR) and CO2 reduction (CO2RR) targeting a “closed carbon cycle.” An onset of MOR and CO2RR are obtained to be ≈0.4 V and ≈−0.7 versus Ag/AgCl, respectively, with single active sites located in an unsaturated coordination environment, it being the most active Cu sites for both studied reactions. Moreover, G(CN)‐Cu exhibited significantly lower resistivity and higher current density toward MOR and CO2RR than observed for reference catalysts.
TAK1 Phosphorylates RASSF9 and Inhibits Esophageal Squamous Tumor Cell Proliferation by Targeting the RAS/MEK/ERK Axis
Authors: Shi Hui , Ju Qianqian , Mao Yinting , Wang Yuejun , Ding Jie , Liu Xiaoyu , Tang Xin , Sun Cheng
Published: January 2021

TGF‐β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a serine/threonine kinase, is a key intermediate in several signaling pathways. However, its role in tumorigenesis is still not understood well. In this study, it is found that TAK1 expression decreases in esophageal tumor tissues and cell lines. In vitro experiments demonstrate that proliferation of esophageal tumor cells is enhanced by knockdown of TAK1 expression and attenuated by elevated expression of TAK1. Using a subcutaneous tumor model, these observations are confirmed in vivo. Based on the results from co‐immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry, Ras association
domain family 9 (RASSF9) is identified as a downstream target of TAK1. TAK1 phosphorylates RASSF9 at S284, which leads to reduced RAS dimerization, thereby blocking RAF/MEK/ERK signal transduction. Clinical survey reveals that TAK1 expression is inversely correlated with survival in esophageal cancer patients. Taken together, the data reveal that TAK1‐mediated phosphorylation of RASSF9 at Ser284 negatively regulates esophageal tumor cell proliferation via inhibition of the RAS/MEK/ERK axis.
Growth of NiAl‐Layered Double Hydroxide on Graphene toward Excellent Anticorrosive Microwave Absorption Application
Authors: Xu Xuefei , Shi Shaohua , Tang Yulin , Wang Guizhen , Zhou Maofan , Zhao Guoqing , Zhou Xuechun , Lin Shiwei , Meng Fanbin
Published: January 2021

High‐performance microwave absorbers with special features are desired to meet the requirements of more complex modern service environments, especially corrosive environments. Therefore, high‐efficiency microwave absorbers with corrosion resistance should be developed urgently. Herein, a 3D NiAl‐layered double hydroxide/graphene (NiAl‐LDH/G) composite synthesized by atomic‐layer‐deposition‐assisted in situ growth is presented as an anticorrosive microwave absorber. The content of NiAl‐LDH in the composite is optimized to achieve impedance matching. Furthermore, under the cooperative effects of the interface polarization loss, conduction loss, and 3D porous sandwich‐like structure, the optimal NiAl‐LDH/G shows excellent microwave absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss of −41.5 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 4.4 GHz at a loading of only 7 wt% in epoxy. Remarkably, the encapsulation effect of NiAl‐LDH can restrain the galvanic corrosion owing to graphene. The epoxy coating with the NiAl‐LDH/G microwave absorber on carbon steel exhibits long‐term corrosion resistance, owing to the synergetic effect of the superior impermeability of graphene and the chloridion‐capture capacity of the NiAl‐LDH. The NiAl‐LDH/G composite is a promising anticorrosive microwave absorber, and the findings of this study may motivate the development of functional microwave absorbers that meet the demands of anticorrosive performance of coatings.
Insight into the Critical Role of Exchange Current Density on Electrodeposition Behavior of Lithium Metal
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Xu Xieyu , Sadd Matthew , Kapitanova Olesya O. , Krivchenko Victor A. , Ban Jun , Wang Jialin , Jiao Xingxing , Song Zhongxiao , Song Jiangxuan , Xiong Shizhao , Matic Aleksandar
Published: January 2021

Due to an ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity of 3860 mAh g−1, lithium (Li) is regarded as the ultimate anode for high‐energy‐density batteries. However, the practical application of Li metal anode is hindered by safety concerns and low Coulombic efficiency both of which are resulted fromunavoidable dendrite growth during electrodeposition. This study focuses on a critical parameter for electrodeposition, the exchange current density, which has attracted only little attention in research on Li metal batteries. A phase‐field model is presented to show the effect of exchange current density on electrodeposition behavior of Li. The results show that a uniform distribution of cathodic current density, hence uniform electrodeposition, on electrode is obtained with lower exchange current density. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that lower exchange current density contributes to form a larger critical radius of nucleation in the initial electrocrystallization that results in a dense deposition of Li, which is a foundation for improved Coulombic efficiency and dendrite‐free morphology. The findings not only pave the way to practical rechargeable Li metal batteries but can also be translated to the design of stable metal anodes, e.g., for sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn) batteries.
Reversible Treatment of Pressure Overload‐Induced Left Ventricular Hypertrophy through Drd5 Nucleic Acid Delivery Mediated by Functional Polyaminoglycoside
Authors: Jiang Xiaoliang , Shao Meiyu , Liu Xue , Liu Xing , Zhang Xu , Wang Yuming , Yin Kunlun , Wang Shuiyun , Hu Yang , Jose Pedro A , Zhou Zhou , Xu Fu‐Jian , Yang Zhiwei
Published: January 2021

Left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis are major risk factors for heart failure, which require timely and effective treatment. Genetic therapy has been shown to ameliorate hypertrophic cardiac damage. In this study, it is found that in mice, the dopamine D5 receptor (D5R) expression in the left ventricle (LV) progressively decreases with worsening of transverse aortic constriction‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy. Then, a reversible treatment of left ventricular hypertrophy with Drd5 nucleic acids delivered by tobramycin‐based hyperbranched polyaminoglycoside (SS‐HPT) is studied. The heart‐specific increase in D5R expression by SS‐HPT/Drd5 plasmid in the early stage of left ventricular hypertrophy attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by preventing oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ameliorating autophagic dysregulation. By contrast, SS‐HPT/Drd5 siRNA promotes the progression of left ventricular hypertrophy and accelerates the deterioration of myocardial function into heart failure. The reduction in cardiac D5R expression and dysregulated autophagy are observed in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. The data show a cardiac‐specific beneficial effect of SS‐HPT/Drd5 plasmid on myocardial remodeling and dysfunction, which may provide an effective therapy of patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure.
Optimizing Annealing Process for Ferroelectric Y‐Doped HfO2 Thin Films by All‐Inorganic Aqueous Precursor Solution
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Zhou Dayu , Dong Wei , Yao Yifan , Sun Nana , Ali Faizan , Hou Xiaoduo , Liu Feng
Published: January 2021

10 nm thick yttrium doped HfO2 (Y:HfO2) thin films are prepared on Si (100) substrates by the chemical solution deposition method using all‐inorganic aqueous salt precursors. The influence of the annealing process, consisting of annealing temperature, holding time, and heating rate, on the crystalline structure and ferroelectric properties of thin films is investigated. Results show that the crystalline structure and ferroelectric properties of films exhibit a strong annealing process dependence. The monoclinic phase and asymmetric orthorhombic phase coexist in the films. The annealing process of the best ferroelectric behavior is obtained by using annealing temperature at 700 °C for 30 s with a heating rate of 30 °C s−1 in N2 atmosphere. The film exhibits lowest m‐phase fraction of 17.9%, accompanied with the highest remanent polarization of 21.4 µC cm−2.
Anomalous Current Decrease Under Illumination in Ambipolar Phototransistors Based on PTCDI‐C5 Crystals Embedded in C8‐BTBT Thin Film
Authors: Tarsoly Gergely , Choi Youngill , You Young Gyu , Jhang Sung Ho , Pyo Seungmoon
Published: January 2021

Most organic thin film‐based phototransistors exhibit an increase in current under illumination owing to the trapped photogenerated minority charge carriers, which enhance the accumulation of majority carriers in the semiconductor layer of the device. Recent research reveals that, on employing a unique active layer structure, phototransistor devices exhibit abnormal photoresponse behaviors under certain conditions: hole‐dominated current decreases under illumination and shows an anomalous dependence on irradiance. The current decreases with increasing irradiance. When the irradiance is increased further, a moderate current increase is observed. Under a constant negative bias, when a discrete light pulse is turned on, the current decreases sharply and then slowly increases to saturation in the beginning and it starts to increase when illumination is ceased. These anomalies are analyzed, and the changes in current are modeled using a mathematical model based on the simultaneous trapping and release of both photogenerated holes and electrons.
Chlorophyll meter‐based leaf nitrogen status to manage nitrogen in tropical potato production
Authors: Fernandes Fabiana M. , Soratto Rogério P. , Fernandes Adalton M. , Souza Emerson F. C.
Published: January 2021

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a N intensive crop, and meeting its requirements with N fertilization is the primary practice to improve N recovery and achieve suitable tuber yield. A 3‐site‐year (SY) study was conducted to assess soil plant analysis development (SPAD)‐502 chlorophyll meter efficacy for providing potato leaf real‐time N status to adjust N timing and rate using nitrogen sufficiency index (NSI) thresholds of 90 or 95%. We evaluated effects of in‐season SPAD‐based N managements, as well as a reference with non‐limiting N application, a fixed‐timing (planting and hilling) conventional N fertilization, and a zero‐N control on crop N uptake, tuber yield, and N‐use efficiency of potato cultivar Agata grown in tropical clay soils. Tuber yields were similar in both SPAD‐based managements. Under no intensive rainfall events after N applications, SPAD‐based managements reduced N applications by 38–63% and resulted in comparable tuber set, bulking, and yield relative to conventional N fertilization. Additionally, SPAD‐based management at a NSI threshold of 90% resulted in greater potato N‐uptake efficiency and tuber yield per unit of N applied. SPAD‐502 sensor was efficient for detecting plant N status when environmental conditions were more conducive for potato production and optimized N management by reducing application rates. However, with less favorable temperature and solar radiation for potato cultivation, and with intensive rainfall events following N application, SPAD readings did not guide to a proper N fertilization and resulted in reduced tuber yield. Therefore, under such conditions, a more accurate method for detecting plant N status should be used.
Emerging Adults' Social Justice Engagement: Motivations, Barriers, and Social Identity
Authors: Guerrero Mayra , Anderson Amy J. , Catlett Beth S. , Sánchez Bernadette , Liao C. Lynn
Published: January 2021

This study examines emerging adults’ perceived motivations and barriers to social justice engagement, and how their social identities shape involvement. We conducted in‐depth interviews with service‐learning students (n = 30). Thematic analysis of interview data revealed that participants perceived several motivations and barriers to engagement, including the following: (a) the current political climate, (b) self‐efficacy to make small‐scale changes, (c) social support in action, (d) proximity to the social issue, (e) knowledge of resources, and (f) limited personal resources. Participants also described how their identities shaped engagement such that participants reflected upon their multiple privileged and marginalized identities and how their identities influenced their approach to engaging with a particular social issue. Findings have implications for recruiting and sustaining emerging adults’ involvement in activities aimed at changing social issues.
Ultrasound irradiation synthesis and crystal structure of Co(II) thiocyanate supramolecular complex: Photocatalytic and sonocatalytic degradation of methyl violet 2B dye
Authors: Etaiw Safaa El‐din H. , Shalaby Elsayed M. , Abd El‐Aziz Dina M. , Elzeny Islam
Published: January 2021

∞3[{Co(hmt)2(NCS)2(H2O)2}{Co(NCS)2(H2O)4}(2H2O)] supramolecular complex (SC) had been synthesized through self‐assembly reaction using the sonochemical method at ambient conditions. The structure was fully characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and spectroscopic methods. The structure consists of two separate distinct complexes containing two crystallography and chemically different CoII atoms, four thiocyanate ligands, two hmt ligands, six coordinated water molecules, and one uncoordinated water molecule. The two CoII (SCN)2 fragments adopt 1D chains which extend three dimensionally via strong H bonds. Radiation catalysis is a promising wastewater treatment method, which is used to remove dyes under UV and ultrasonic radiation in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. SC exhibits efficient heterogeneous catalysis for degradation of methyl violet 2B (MV2B) dye which was used as a model pollutant in presence of H2O2 under ambient conditions. UV irradiation and ultrasonic irradiation reveal significant enhancement in degradation efficiency and time. The morphological features of SC are examined by transition electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after degradation.
An integrated simulation–optimisation approach for free fatty acid removal in palm oil deodorisation process
Authors: Tan Mun Cheng , Foo Dominic C.Y. , Lakshmanan Shyam
Published: January 2021

Deodorisation is the key process to produce high‐quality refined, bleached and deodorised palm oil (RBDPO) in a palm oil refinery. In this work, an integrated simulation–optimisation approach was adopted for the analysis of a deodorisation process in an operating palm oil refinery. The process includes a deodoriser unit that removes free fatty acids (FFA) from bleached palm oil (BPO), and a vacuum scrubber utilising palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) to reduce the FFA content entering the vacuum system. Being a proprietary technology, deodoriser is not found in the standard models of commercial simulation software. Approximation was made in simulation, with results compared to plant data. Detailed analyses showed that the reduction of FFA content relies on deodorisation temperature and pressure, stripping steam flowrate, as well as the temperature and flowrate of PFAD entering the vacuum scrubber. An optimisation model was solved to maximise profit from the deodorisation. Results showed that the FFA content entering the vacuum system is reduced significantly by 49.7%, leading to higher recovery of FFA in PFAD and lower loss into the condenser section. Applying the optimum values to the refinery has resulted in FFA levels greater than 91.2% in PFAD and RBDPO yield improvement of 0.5%.
Hydrogen Bonding in SN2 Reactions Promoted or Inhibited by Ionic Liquids: Effects of Side Chain
Authors: Oh Young‐Ho , Lee Sungyul
Published: January 2021

Quantum chemical analysis is presented for the origin of promotion and inhibition of SN2 fluorination by [bmim][PF6](1) and [hexaEGmim][PF6](2), respectively, experimentally observed by Kim and co‐workers [Tetrahedron 2014; 70: 533–542]. We show that hydrogen bonding of OH in hexaEGmim+ causes complete suppression of SN2 fluorination by positioning the nucleophile F− far off the electropositive C atom in prereaction complex. On the other hand, in SN2 fluorination under the influence of [bmim][PF6], the nucleophile F− is in proximity to the electropositive C for facile nucleophilic attack by F−. Comparisons are made for SN2 fluorination by [hexaEGmim][OMs], which gave the largest rate constant in experiments. The use of ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding for controlling the chemical transformation is illustrated for developing and designing the efficient and task‐specific organocatalysts.
Would Shared Health Visitor and Emergency Department Records Improve Recognition of Child Maltreatment within the Emergency Department? A Prospective Multicentre Study
Authors: Nuttall Diane , Rea David , Bennett C. Verity , Hollén Linda , Mullen Stephen , Maguire Sabine , Emond Alan , Kemp Alison , Deave Toity
Published: January 2021

Burns are common causes of paediatric emergency care attendance; approximately ten per cent result from maltreatment. Following emergency department (ED) attendance with a burn by 232 under five‐year‐olds, 11 risk factors for maltreatment were collected via health visitor (HV) telephone surveys. Three of these risk factors (domestic violence, social care involvement and developmental impairment) were also available in ED records, and information collected was compared between the two. Non‐parametric Fisher's exact tests were applied. Fifty‐nine per cent of children lived in families with risk factors for maltreatment. Prominent risk factors known by HVs included: prior injuries (n = 55, 23.7%), carer/parent mental health problems (n = 48, 20.7%), domestic violence (n = 47, 20.3%) and social care involvement (n = 45, 19.4%). A total of 158 cases had complete data for all 11 risk factors: 49 (31.0%) lived in households with one factor, 22 (13.9%) with two factors and 27 (17.1%) with three or more risk factors. In cases where HVs recorded the following risk factors as present, EDs recorded five of 47 (10.6%) for domestic violence, ten of 45 (22.2%) with social care involvement and four of 23 (17.4%) with developmental impairment. Many risk factors that were known to HVs were not identified by EDs staff despite being part of a standardised proforma. Maltreatment risk assessment could be improved if EDs staff had access to HV information.

Key Practitioner Messages

Fifty‐nine per cent of pre‐school children who attended an ED with a burn live in a family with one or more maltreatment risk factors, as identified by HV records.

ED staff should be able to access a child's HV record electronically at the time of presentation, to identify known maltreatment risk factors.

The lack of integration of community and acute setting health records is a barrier to comprehensive assessment and treatment decisions for children in EDs, especially in relation to safeguarding risks.
Risk Associated with the Use of Selected Ingredients in Food Supplements
Authors: Jędrejko Karol , Lazur Jan , Muszyńska Bożena
Published: January 2021

This review focuses on four new product categories of food supplements: pre‐workout, fat burner/thermogenic, brain/cognitive booster, and hormone/testosterone booster. Many food supplements have been shown to be contaminated with unauthorized substances. In some cases, the ingredients in the new categories of dietary supplements were medicinal products or new synthetic compounds added without performing clinical trials. Some of the new ingredients in dietary supplements are plant materials that are registered in the pharmacopoeia as herbal medicines. In other cases, dietary supplements may contain plant materials that have no history of human use and are often used as materials to ‘camouflage’ stimulants. In the European Union, new ingredients of dietary supplements, according to European Food Safety Authority or unauthorized novel food. Furthermore, selected ingredients in dietary supplements may be prohibited in sports and are recognized as doping agents by World Anti‐Doping Agency.
The value of surgical articulator MT in orthognathic model surgery: Technical note and case report
Authors: Issa Sabah Abdulaziz , Abdulnabi Hussein Ali
Published: January 2021

The utilize of surgical articulator MT may lead to a major reduction in time and effort that usually consuming in conventional model surgery and promoted for precise planning and surgery. It can be useful in the management of several cases of dentofacial deformities when virtual surgical planning is either unaffordable or unavailable.
Severe SARS‐CoV‐2 infection presenting with acute kidney injury and diabetic ketoacidosis complicated by pancreatitis in a 53‐year man with hypertension
Authors: Ali Elrazi , Badawi Mohamed , Ahmed Ashraf , Abdelmahmuod Elabbass , Ibrahim Wanis
Published: January 2021

Severe COVID‐19 infection is associated with significant stress and marked immune response that can affect many organs and precipitate DKA, pancreatitis, and acute renal injury, which might be permanent.
Hypokalemic paralysis in hyperthyroidism: Not all that glitter are gold
Authors: Chiang Wen‐Fang , Chan Jenq‐Shyong , Wu Kun‐Lin , Lin Shih‐Hua
Published: January 2021

Key Clinical Message

Abnormal acid‐base status (metabolic acidosis or alkalosis), inappropriate urine electrolytes excretion (high or low Na+ and Cl−), and higher required dose of potassium supplement (4‐5 mmol/kg) are suggestive of non‐TPP causes of hypokalemia.
A Pathway to First Crystals for Substances Prone to Liquid‐Liquid Phase Separation
Authors: Derdour Lotfi
Published: January 2021

An approach to isolate first crystals for molecules prone to liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) is described. In the absence of knowledge about the solubility of a hypothetical crystal, it is proposed to determine the LLPS phase boundary, then operate at a temperature of 2 °C above the LLPS to maximize the supersaturation with respect to a hypothetical crystalline phase and to avoid LLPS. The proposed approach, combined with a careful solvent and counterion selection based on molecular size, allowed isolating a crystalline salt that was elusive using high‐throughput screening. The crystalline salt displayed higher resistance to mechanical stress than the crystalline parent, allowing the progression of the molecule in the development pipeline.
Two‐Dimensional Boron and Nitrogen Dual‐Doped Graphitic Carbon as an Efficient Metal‐Free Cathodic Electrocatalyst for Lithium‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jing , Luo Xiaoman , Li Xufang , Yang Qingchun , He Jianbo , Xin Sen , Yang Xinming , Yu Yan , Zhang Dawei , Zhang Chaofeng
Published: January 2021

The cathode catalyst for lithium‐air (Li‐air) batteries has a critical effect on battery performance. In this study, a two‐dimensional (2D) boron and nitrogen dual‐doped graphite carbon (BNC) catalyst prepared through a carbonization process was studied as a highly active electrocatalyst in Li‐air batteries. BNC offered high contents of boron and nitrogen as well as a graphene‐like structure. When employed as the catalyst for Li‐air batteries, it demonstrated good electrochemical performance, in terms of superior discharge capacity, low voltage gap, and long‐term stability. The as‐prepared special structure of BNC promoted the formation and diffusion of superoxide O2− and, meanwhile, reduced the oxygen release barrier by improving the charge transfer of oxygen ions.
Influence of Complexing Additives on the Reversible Deposition/Dissolution of Magnesium in an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Weber Isabella , Ingenmey Johannes , Schnaidt Johannes , Kirchner Barbara , Behm R. Jürgen
Published: January 2021

Aiming at a fundamental understanding of the synergistic effects of different additives on the electrochemical Mg deposition/dissolution in an ionic liquid, we have systematically investigated these processes in a combined electrochemical and theoretical study, using 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (BMP‐TFSI) as the solvent and a cyclic ether (18‐crown‐6) and magnesium borohydride as additives. Both crown ether and BH4− improve Mg deposition, its reversibility, and cycling stability. The combined presence of both additives and their concentration relative to that of Mg2+ are decisive for more facile and reversible Mg deposition/dissolution. These results and those of quantum chemical calculations indicate that 18‐crown‐6 can partly displace TFSI− from its direct coordination to Mg2+. Furthermore, the interaction between Mg2+ and directly coordinated TFSI− is weakened by coordination with 18‐crown‐6, preventing its Mg+‐induced decomposition. Finally, Mg deposition is improved by the weaker overall coordination upon Mg2+ reduction to Mg+.
Handreinigung auf molekularer Ebene – Die Rolle der Solvatation
Authors: Feresin Emiliano , Kondratiuk Mykhailo , Nowack Julia , Gooßen Lukas
Published: January 2021

Die Bevölkerung kann Verhaltensvorkehrungen gegen die Verbreitung des SARS‐CoV‐2‐Virus treffen: Handhygienepraktiken, die Wasser und Seife oder Alkohol‐Wasser‐Lösungen erfordern, sind leicht durchführbare und hochwirksame Präventivmaßnahmen. Ein genauerer Blick auf die Prozesse, die auf molekularer Ebene während des Händewaschens und Handdesinfizierens ablaufen, zeigt die Bedeutung der Solvatationswissenschaft. In beiden Fällen haben Solvatationseffekte besondere und entscheidende Konsequenzen und die Rolle des Lösungsmittels Wasser darf dabei nicht unterschätzt werden: Wasser unterstützt die Seifenmoleküle, die die Membran des Virus zerstören; Wasser vermittelt und unterstützt den Alkohol bei der Inaktivierung des Virus. Ein Verständnis der Solvatationsprozesse ist notwendig, um zu verstehen, warum Desinfektionsmittel nur außerhalb, nicht aber innerhalb des Körpers wirksam sein müssen. Im Übrigen gilt das Prinzip „mehr ist besser“ weder für die Verwendung von Seife noch für den Alkoholgehalt in einem Desinfektionsmittel. Vielmehr sorgt die richtige Mischung der Komponenten für eine ideale Wirksamkeit durch Solvatationseffekte bei gleichzeitig guter Hautpflege.
The expression of myeloperoxidase in thrombi is associated with reduced heme oxygenase‐1 induction and worse left ventricular remodeling in patients with acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Shi Xibao , Zhu Tianqi , Ni Jun , Zhang Ruiyan
Published: January 2021

Background

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) secreted by neutrophils is the enzyme that kills bacteria and other pathogens. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is usually caused by thrombosis in response to vulnerable plaque rupture. Circulating MPO was found to be associated with increased mortality in AMI patients. However, the relationship between MPO in thrombi and the prognosis of AMI patients remains unknown.

Hypothesis

MPO expression in thrombi is associated with the prognosis of patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after AMI.

Methods

This study included 41 consecutive patients with acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, who successfully underwent primary PCI, during which we collected thrombi remaining in the culprit artery using aspiration catheters. These thrombus samples were fixed, and immunohistochemical staining against MPO and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) was conducted. Enrolled patients were divided into two groups based on the induction of thrombotic MPO, which was quantified using Image J software.

Methods

We observed that increased MPO was associated with lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and worse LV remodeling in AMI patients. Instead, patients with decreased thrombotic MPO induction had a considerable improvement in LVEF 1 month after discharge (54.4 ± 2.0% vs. 61.1 ± 2.3%, p < 0.01). In the MPO group, a reduction in the thrombotic HO‐1 level contributed to the development of adverse LV remodeling. Logistic regression showed that MPO was a considerable risk factor for adverse LV remodeling (adjusted OR 3.70, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

MPO expression in thrombi is associated with reduced LVEF and deteriorated LV remodeling in AMI patients, which may be due to HO‐1 suppression in thrombi.
A Pharmacokinetic Bioequivalence Study of Fremanezumab Administered Subcutaneously Using an Autoinjector and a Prefilled Syringe
Authors: Cherniakov Irina , Cohen‐Barak Orit , Tiver Ryan , Gillespie Michael , Kessler Yoel , Gutierrez Maria , Rasamoelisolo Michele , Li Shawn , Shen Honglue , Hallak Hussein , Loupe Pippa S. , Smith Michael , Rabinovich‐Guilatt Laura , Spiegelstein Ofer
Published: January 2021

Fremanezumab (AJOVY; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Netanya, Israel), approved for the preventive treatment of migraine, is available as a subcutaneous injection either once a month or once every 3 months using an autoinjector or a prefilled syringe. The present study evaluated the pharmacokinetic (PK) bioequivalence of a single subcutaneous injection of fremanezumab 225 mg administered using an autoinjector compared to a prefilled syringe in healthy volunteers. Blood samples for PK and antidrug antibodies were collected before and after dosing. Safety and tolerability assessments included physical examinations, adverse event reporting, laboratory evaluations, and immunogenicity. Following single‐dose administration, the mean concentration‐time profiles for the 2 treatment groups (autoinjector, n = 106; and prefilled syringe, n = 110) were similar. The point estimates for the back‐transformed ratio (autoinjector/prefilled syringe) of geometric least squares means of maximum plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to the time of the last measurable drug concentration, and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity were 1.03, 1.04, and 1.05, respectively, with the 90% confidence intervals entirely contained within bioequivalence margins of 0.8 to 1.25. For both groups, median time to maximum observed concentration was 5 days and mean terminal elimination half‐life was approximately 29 days. Treatment‐related adverse events were reported by 39 (36%) subjects in the autoinjector group and 26 (24%) in the prefilled syringe group, and the majority were nonserious injection site reactions. The incidence of treatment‐emergent antidrug antibody response was low and evenly distributed between the autoinjector (n = 3; 3%) and prefilled syringe (n = 4; 4%) groups. These results indicate that the fremanezumab autoinjector presentation provides an easy‐to‐use bioequivalent PK profile with a similar safety and tolerability profile to that of the prefilled syringe.
Proactive load balancing fault tolerance algorithm in cloud computing
Authors: Attallah Salma M.A. , Fayek Magda B. , Nassar Salwa M. , Hemayed Elsayed E.
Published: January 2021

As the demand for cloud computing infrastructure increased, availability and reliability have become more important as they are major features in real‐time computing systems. The chances of failure in a cloud computing system increase compared to other computing systems. To achieve high reliability and availability for the cloud computing infrastructure fault tolerance is one of the most essential modules. For a cloud computing infrastructure, a proactive fault tolerance algorithm with load balancing is proposed in this paper. The proposed methodology tolerates virtual machine CPU faults to achieve maximum cloud computing infrastructure reliability and availability. CPU faults can occur during virtual machine operation. The proposed model's main objective is to track changes in CPU utilization and make a decision once a high value of CPU utilization is identified. The decision is either to migrate the defective virtual machine to another “destination host”, or to manage loads on the destination host so that the faulty virtual machine can be migrated. A load is calculated for the destination host; if the destination host is overloaded, the subroutine for load balancing is launched. Load balancing is based on the technique of choosing a virtual machine.
Design of time‐interleaved data acquisition system based on Network on Chip
Authors: Zhao Jiangwei , Xu Chuanpei
Published: January 2021

In order to solve the existing problems of time‐interleaved data acquisition system's poor scalability, limited acquisition channels, and complicated clock system based on System on Chip(SoC), this work presents a novel method of high‐speed data acquisition based on Network on Chip (NoC) communication architecture and time‐interleaved principle. Six analog‐to‐digital data acquisition resource nodes are hooked up to the NoC according to the unified features of NoC router interface. The data acquisition controller controls the time‐interleaved acquisition's timing sequences and realizes the remote transmission of data through two Gigabit Ethernet resource nodes. Adding timestamp to the collected data of each channel can recover the waveform signal accurately. The experiment results show that the combination of NoC communication architecture and time‐interleaved data acquisition has a certain innovative significance.
A hierarchical neural model for target‐based sentiment analysis
Authors: Chen Ke , Ke Wende
Published: January 2021

A convolutional neural network‐regional long Short‐Term memory (CNN‐RLSTM) is proposed, which is a convolutional neural network‐regional long short‐term memory (CNN‐RLSTM) that combines CNN and regional LSTM. The model can effectively distinguish the affective polarity of different targets through a regional LSTM while reducing the training time of the model. In addition, the model can retain the sentiment information of the whole sentence through a CNN network at the sentence level. Experimental results on different data sets show that the CNN‐RLSTM model is better than the traditional model and the deep network model.
Investigation of Structural, Electronic, and Dynamic Properties of Half‐Heusler Alloys XCuB (X = Ti, Zr) by First Principles Calculations
Authors: Gulebaglan Sinem Erden , Dogan Emel Kilit
Published: January 2021

In order to find out the structural, electronic, and dynamic properties of TiCuB and ZrCuB half‐Heusler alloys, density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation is used by Quantum Espresso package program. The lattice parameters, bulk modulus, first derivation of bulk modulus, electronic band structure, phonon dispersion curves, and phonon density of states are calculated for both half‐Heusler alloys. Electronic band structure plots exhibit that these alloys are in semiconductor structure. Dynamic properties are investigated using a density functional perturbation theory. Phonon dispersion curves show that TiCuB and ZrCuB are dynamically stable alloys. Only the calculated lattice parameters can be compared with the literature, and it is noticed that they are in a good agreement. The rest of the obtained results cannot be compared with the literature since these calculations are performed for the first time in the literature with this study.
Reduction of Humidity Effect in WO3 Thin Film‐Based NO2 Sensor Using Physiochemical Optimization
Authors: Ghosh Sujoy , Ilango Murugaiya Sridar , Prajapati Chandra Shekhar , Bhat Navakanta
Published: January 2021

In this work, the effect of humidity on WO3 thin films is studied. Two thin films of higher and lower oxidation states are characterized and studied for their interaction with water molecules on the metal oxide sensing surface. The film with higher oxidation is found to be more immune to humidity effect and hence, further used to reduce the same effect using absorbent filters and Nichrome deposited heater mesh. With the use of a Nichrome heater mesh, by increasing mesh temperature from 30 to 90 °C, there is a 63% reduction in absolute humidity at the sensor die. This in turn stabilizes the NO2 sensor response, by decreasing the humidity dependent (40% RH to 90% RH) peak current variation for 3 ppm NO2 exposure, from 65% to 26%. High‐temperature ageing at a temperature of 90 °C and 90% RH is found to be effective in significantly reducing humidity effect on sensor current output and only 8.4% change in peak current is observed for 3 ppm NO2 at variable humidity, which stabilizes the sensor current drift due to humidity variation.
Numerical Study of the Upgraded Hot Zone in Silicon Directional Solidification Process
Authors: Su Wenjia , Yang Wei , Li Jiulong , Han Xiaomin , Wang Junfeng
Published: January 2021

2D global transient model for generation‐six (G6) GT‐style furnace and upgraded generation‐seven (G7) ALD‐style furnace in which all types of heat transfer and flow are included is established to investigate the thermal field, melt convection, melt–crystal (m–c) interface shape, thermal stress, growth rate, and Voronkov ratios in the growing silicon ingot. The modeling is verified by the heater power and temperature experiment. Simulation results show that the melt flow is relatively stronger as the furnace upgrades. For G7, a relatively higher thermal stress and growth rate are found due to the higher temperature gradient both in the horizontal and axial directions. Furthermore, unlike the optimized G6, G7 shows the overly convex m–c interface in the initial stage and edge nucleation throughout crystal growth stage.
Soybean Cyst Nematode Management in the Mid‐Atlantic
Authors: Winsor Susan
Published: January 2021

This is the final article of a four‐part series on soybean cyst nematode (SCN) management. This article focuses on the Mid‐Atlantic U.S., which is at an early stage in managing this pest. Education and regular testing can prevent it from being the plague that it is in the Corn Belt. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/912.
Influence of brush type and brushing frequency on putting green ball roll distance and turfgrass quality
Authors: Lulis Timothy T. , Russell Travis R. , Kaminski John E.
Published: January 2021

Golf course managers manipulate cultural practices in preparation for golf tournaments to increase ball roll distance (BRD) for short periods of time. Brushing putting greens, thought to be a relatively minimally disruptive cultural practice using brush attachments mounted to mower units to vertically orient leaf blades prior to mowing, is growing in popularity despite little research validating purported benefits. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of brush types (rotary, stiff push, and soft push brush) and brushing frequency (no brushing, once, or twice) combined with mowing on BRD and turfgrass quality on a creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) putting green over a 2‐wk period. All brush types produced a >20‐cm BRD reduction compared with no brushing by the end of the 14‐d trial in 2016 and 2017. Additionally, all brush types significantly lowered turfgrass quality, with the stiff brush resulting in unacceptable quality. Brushing and mowing once reduced BRD and turf quality compared with not brushing with daily mowing. Double brushing and mowing increased BRD equivalent to a single mowing without brushing, but turfgrass quality declined below acceptable thresholds. The results of this study indicate that brushing incorporated into a daily mowing regimen over a short 14‐d period decreases creeping bentgrass putting green BRD and quality. Increasing mowing frequency may eliminate BRD reductions from brushing, but golf course managers should practice caution when implementing brushing, especially over shorter periods of time when BRD and turfgrass quality expectations are increased.