bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological differences between species of the sea bass genus Lateolabrax (Teleostei, Perciformes), with particular emphasis on growth-related changes
Authors: Yokogawa Kōji
Published: July 2019

Morphological differences, including growth-related changes, were examined in three morphologically similar East Asian sea bass species,Lateolabraxjaponicus,L.maculatusandL.latus. In many cases, body measurements indicated specific patterns of growth-related proportional changes.Lateolabraxlatusdiffered from the other two species in having greater body depth, caudal peduncle depth, caudal peduncle anterior depth, snout length, and upper and lower jaw length proportions. In particular, scatter plots for caudal peduncle anterior depth relative to standard length (SL) in that species indicated complete separation from those of the other two species, being a new key character for identification. Comparisons ofL.japonicusandL.maculatusrevealed considerable proportional differences in many length-measured characters, including fin lengths (first and second dorsal, caudal and pelvic), snout length, post-orbital preopercular width (POPW) and post-orbital length. In particular, snout length (SNL) and POPW proportions of the former were greater and smaller for specimens >200 and ≤ 200 mm SL, respectively. Because the scatter plots of these proportions for the two species did not overlap each other in either size range, identification of the species was possible using a combination of the two characters. In addition, scatter plots of the POPW / SNL proportion (%) ofL.japonicusandL.maculatuswere almost completely separated throughout the entire size range examined (border level 90%), a further aid to identification. The numbers of pored lateral line scales and scales above the lateral line tended to increase and decrease with growth, respectively, inL.japonicus, whereas scales below the lateral line and gill raker numbers tended to increase with growth inL.maculatus. Because the ranges of these meristic characters may therefore vary with specimen size, they are unsuitable for use as key characters. Accordingly, a new key is proposed for the genusLateolabrax.
Guess who? On the importance of using appropriate name: case study of Marphysa sanguinea (Montagu, 1813)
Authors: Lavesque Nicolas , Daffe Guillemine , Grall Jacques , Zanol Joana , Gouillieux Benoit , Hutchings Pat
Published: July 2019

The common bait wormMarphysasanguinea(Montagu, 1813), originally described from the south coast of England, is the type species of the genus. This species has been widely reported from all around the world and has been considered as cosmopolitan until recently. This is partly because the original description was very brief and poorly illustrated, and also because all species superficially look similar. In order to clarify the situation,M.sanguineawas redescribed and a neotype was designated by Hutchings and Karageorgpoulos in 2003. Recently, specimens from Cornwall, close to the type locality, were sampled, examined morphologically, and used to obtain COI gene sequences for this species. Molecular results permitted us to confirm the identity and presence ofM.sanguineaalong the French coasts and to highlight the presence of inaccurate sequences of this species on GenBank. Use of this “false” cosmopolitan species at a worldwide scale by many biologists is also discussed in this paper.
La revendication du Living Wage : renouveau militant, négociation collective ou responsabilité sociale des entreprises ?
Authors: Freyssinet Jacques
Published: July 2019

La revendication d’un Living Wage, un « salaire pour vivre décemment », resurgit au Royaume-Uni au début des années 2000. D’abord portée à la base par des mouvements sociaux, la campagne prend des formes militantes. Une seconde démarche se juxtaposera, celle d’un travail de conviction mené par de grandes institutions pour obtenir des employeurs la mise en œuvre volontaire du Living Wage. La combinaison des deux démarches est source de tensions entre les organisations de la société civile et le mouvement syndical.
L’aversion au risque, composante essentielle du prix du risque, est-elle stable dans le temps ?
Authors: Andries Marianne
Published: July 2019

Être averse au risque, un biais psychologique bien connu, cela correspond à refuser toute loterie ayant des gains et des pertes égaux, et ayant les mêmes chances de se réaliser. Pour accepter une perte de 1 euro avec 50 % de chance, il faut nous offrir un gain plus important, par exemple 2 euros plutôt que 1 euro – une compensation pour le risque pris en jouant. De la même manière, les investisseurs sont « récompensés » quand ils acceptent de s’exposer au risque actions des marchés financiers : leurs retours sur investissement doivent être supérieurs en moyenne au rendement sans risque – c’est le equity risk premium . Cette compensation pour le risque varie au cours du temps : les investisseurs peuvent espérer des gains futurs plus importants quand le cours du marché est faible au regard des dividendes versés que quand il est élevé. Mais ces variations de la prime du risque viennent-elles de variations de l’aversion au risque au cours du temps, ou ont-elles une autre origine ? Les données financières montrent, de manière indirecte, que la quantité de risque économique varie elle aussi avec l’indice. L’aversion pour le risque ne serait donc pas la seule en cause pour expliquer les variations du equity risk premium , même s’il est possible qu’elle joue un rôle important. Quantifier et comprendre ces deux sources de variations du prix du risque – l’aversion au risque et la quantité de risque – sont au cœur de la recherche théorique en finance des marchés. Classification JEL : G11, G12.
Le prix du risque de longévité
Authors: El Karoui Nicole , Hillairet Caroline , Loisel Stéphane , Salhi Yahia
Published: July 2019

Dans cet article, nous abordons la question du prix du risque de longévité. Nous commençons par décrire le risque de longévité et ses composantes, en distinguant les aspects biométriques, financiers et réglementaires. Nous expliquons ensuite les différents cadres d’évaluation (actuariel, financier et réglementaire), leurs points communs et leurs divergences. Nous traitons la question de l’actualisation et de la modélisation des taux d’intérêt long terme pour la gestion du risque de longévité. Nous donnons également des détails sur la façon subjective et pragmatique d’aborder certaines composantes du risque de longévité, notamment les plus extrêmes, sur le marché. Classification JEL : G12, I13.
Un affect en quête de représentation
Authors: Llopis-Salvan Nicole
Published: July 2019

L’auteure interroge la difficulté d’accéder aux patients dont le fonctionnement laisse peu de place à l’investissement de l’affect et à la parole, au profit d’un investissement de la réalité et d’une souffrance exprimée par le corps. Comment dans le travail de cure retrouver la trace des traumatismes précoces à l’origine du fonctionnement psychique de ces patients ? Un enjeu qui passe par l’engagement contre-transférentiel de l’analyste.
Vers une déconstruction du « féminin » : discours, logiques et pouvoir. Les implications théorico-cliniques
Authors: Glocer Fiorini Leticia , Hacker Anne-Lise
Published: July 2019

Face aux impasses théorico-cliniques concernant le féminin et les femmes dans le champ psychanalytique, il s’agit ici de réfléchir à des logiques non-dualistes afin de mettre en lumière la polarité masculin-féminin, tant chez les femmes que chez les hommes, d’aller ainsi au-delà du concept d’une essence féminine, propre au binarisme masculin-féminin et de penser cette catégorie dans des rapports multi-déterminés (dans le cadre de logiques post-binaires).
De quelle vérité historique le délire peut-il hériter ?
Authors: Cabrol Guy
Published: July 2019

La psychose et le délire mettent radicalement au défi le travail de culture et sa vérité, et la vérité historique matérielle des faits et la vérité historique, la vérité des fantasmes inconscients. Comment ces vérités seraient-elles repérables dans le délire et à quelles conditions pourraient-elles être transformables, subjectivables via un travail analytique ?
Habiter le temps
Authors: Bourdin Dominique
Published: July 2019

Un rapide parcours interdisciplinaire (philosophie, anthropologie, psychologie) évoque les rapports entre l’existence humaine et le temps, tant dans la compréhension de ce qu’est le temps que dans les représentations du temps et les façons de le vivre. En psychanalyse, notre rapport au temps apparaît encore plus complexe, du fait que l’inconscient ignore le temps, tandis que la méthode psychanalytique recherche la remémoration mais rencontre aussi la répétition, et se confronte à l’après-coup. Ghyslain Lévy et André Green guident notre réflexion sur le temps éclaté de la psychanalyse.
Lien primaire et relation d’objet allergique
Authors: Brusset Bernard
Published: July 2019

Marty a décrit comme « relation d’objet allergique » une forme d’hyperadaptation à autrui par excessive familiarité et mimétisme. Elle peut être comprise comme régression psychosomatique en référence, d’une part aux modèles de l’attachement, de l’imitation et du « moi-peau » dans leurs rapports avec le pulsionnel et la mère, d’autre part à la neurobiologie des sensations et des émotions dans la proximité avec les systèmes immunitaires. Les cas cliniques de Diana Tabacof illustrent ces questions.
Long-Term Multimodal Imaging of Solar Retinopathy
Authors: Goduni Lediana , Mehta Nitish , Tsui Edmund , Bottini Alexander , Kaden Talia R. , Leong Belinda C.S. , Dedania Vaidehi , Lee Gregory D. , Freund K. Bailey , Modi Yasha S.
Published: July 2019

This is a rare, multimodal imaging report spanning a decade of monitoring in a patient with chronic solar retinopathy showing the natural course of the disease. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) showed mild widening of subfoveal loss of ellipsoid and interdigitation zones bilaterally, progressive retinal pigment epithelial thinning in the right eye, and hyperplasia in the left eye. Structural en face OCT showed subfoveal tissue loss bilaterally. There was no leakage on fluorescein angiography and OCT angiography (OCTA), and dense B-scan OCTA images were unremarkable. Microperimetry revealed bilateral decreased central sensitivity and eccentric fixation in the left eye. Vision remained stable throughout.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:388–392.]
Organizational Health Literacy: Quality Improvement Measures with Expert Consensus
Authors: Brega Angela G. , Hamer Mika K. , Albright Karen , Brach Cindy , Saliba Debra , Abbey Dana , Gritz R. Mark
Published: July 2019

Background:

Organizational health literacy (OHL) is the degree to which health care organizations implement strategies to make it easier for patients to understand health information, navigate the health care system, engage in the health care process, and manage their health. Although resources exist to guide OHL-related quality improvement (QI) initiatives, little work has been done to establish measures that organizations can use to monitor their improvement efforts.

Objective:

We sought to identify and evaluate existing OHL-related QI measures. To complement prior efforts to develop measures based on patient-reported data, we sought to identify measures computed from clinical, administrative, QI, or staff-reported data. Our goal was to develop a set of measures that experts agree are valuable for informing OHL-related QI activities.

Methods:

We used four methods to identify relevant measures computed from clinical, administrative, QI, or staff-reported data. We convened a Technical Expert Panel, published a request for measures, conducted a literature review, and interviewed 20 organizations working to improve OHL. From the comprehensive list of measures identified, we selected a set of high-priority measures for review by a second expert panel. Using a modified Delphi review process, panelists rated measures on four evaluation criteria, participated in a teleconference to discuss areas of disagreement among panelists, and rerated all measures.

Key Results:

Across all methods, we identified 233 measures. Seventy measures underwent Delphi Panel review. For 22 measures, there was consensus among panelists that the measures were useful, meaningful, feasible, and had face validity. Five additional measures received strong ratings for usefulness, meaningfulness, and face validity, but failed to show consensus among panelists regarding feasibility.

Conclusions:

We identified OHL-related QI measures that have the support of experts in the field. Although additional measure development and testing is recommended, the Consensus OHL QI Measures are appropriate for immediate use.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2019;3(2):e127–e146.]

Plain Language Summary:

The health care system is complex. Health care organizations can make things easier for patients by making changes to improve communication and to help patients find their way around, become engaged in the health care process, and manage their health. We identify 22 measures that organizations can use to monitor their efforts to improve communication with and support for patients.
Hacia una antropología hermenéutica del sufrimiento. Fenomenología de la acción (y del sufrir), ética de la resistencia y hermenéutica de la parsimonia. (Una presentación de El sufrimiento no es el dolor de Paul Ricoeur)
Authors: Moratalla Tomás Domingo
Published: July 2019

Presento en este texto el artículo de P. Ricoeur El sufrimiento no es el dolor. Tras contextualizarlo paso a indicar cuáles son sus temas vertebradores para después, en un segundo momento, indicar su relevancia y trascendencia. Se trata de un trabajo muy importante en la trayectoria del pensador francés, pues nos permite entender mejor su propuesta de fenomenología hermenéutica, así como su dimensión ética. Además, la antropología del sufrimiento que nos ofrece permite vertebrar las líneas fundamentales de una ética (y política) del cuidado –sugerente, actual y llena de posibilidades.
Coloraciones emotivas y temples anímicos en los Estudios acerca de la estructura de la conciencia de Husserl
Authors: Zirión Quijano Antonio
Published: July 2019

El ensayo explora las nociones de “coloración” (o “resplandor”, “luz” o “brillo”) afectiva o emocional, así como la noción de Stimmung (temple anímico o estado de ánimo), tal como son expuestas en los manuscritos que integran el proyecto que Husserl denominó Studien zur Struktur des Bewusstseins, con una mención previa de otros dos textos que preceden a los Studien: las “Notas sobre la doctrina de la atención y el interés” de 1893 o 1894 (en Husserliana XXXVIII) y un pasaje del § 15 b) de la Quinta de las Investigaciones lógicas. La revisión de los Studien destaca una primera noción de coloración como “sensación emocional” (Gefühlsempfindung), luego una segunda noción como una coloración afectiva transeúnte (o trascendente). Después de exponer las “expansiones” o “transferencias” emotivas, la revisión alcanza la noción de temple (Stimmung), la sitúa dentro del esquema de las vivencias afectivas y describe su carácter unitario, su motivación y su peculiar intencionalidad, señalando su relación con la conciencia de fondo y con las llamadas (por Husserl) “corrientes de sentimiento”. Con ello, se ponen las bases para una revisión de la noción de temple o estado de ánimo, revisión que queda pendiente.
Fenomenología del reflejo especular como fundamento explicativo de la eficacia de la Caja Espejo en el tratamiento del dolor del miembro fantasma
Authors: González Guardiola Joan
Published: July 2019

En este trabajo nos ocupamos de considerar la aportación que una fenomenología del reflejo especular proporciona a la comprensión del funcionamiento de la Terapia del Espejo en el tratamiento sintomático del dolor del miembro fantasma. El desarrollo de la exposición consta de dos apartados: uno primero dedicado a una fundamentación fenomenológica general de la percepción especular, y un segundo dedicado a la explicación de la percepción de reflejos según la fenomenología de Husserl, y su posible aplicación a la explicación del funcionamiento de la terapia del espejo.
Las comedias picarescas de Lope de Vega: cronología y la cuestión de la moralidad y la risa
Authors: Restrepo Ramírez Santiago
Published: July 2019

Este trabajo aborda el problema de las comedias picarescas de Lope de Vega. En la búsqueda de una imagen panorámica del género que permita ver su evolución o sus variantes, se estudia la cronología del corpus que facilite fijar el periodo de producción: desde 1587 hasta 1606, aproximadamente. Partiendo de las fechas, se estudian algunos rasgos distintivos de estas comedias —como el uso de “picaño” o “pícaro” para describir a sus personajes; el afán de medro; el falseamiento de un linaje noble, etc.—, así como el complejo tema de la risa y la moralidad.
En torno al ejemplo fraseológico en la lexicografía bilingüe italoespañola
Authors: Valero Gisbert María J.
Published: July 2019

Los ejemplos constituyen una parte esencial de la microestructura de cualquier diccionario. En los repertorios lexicográficos bilingües su presencia se está convirtiendo en una práctica creciente. Sin embargo, su aparición en el apartado fraseológico ha sido escasa por no decir nula hasta hace bien poco. Las repercusiones que este aspecto puede tener en el aprendizaje de las unidades fraseológicas son múltiples. Estudiaremos los criterios adoptados para incluir dichas muestras, su procedencia, forma, función y número.
L’internationalisation des formations d’enseignement supérieur : la question des langues, de politique en didactique
Authors: Beacco Jean-Claude
Published: July 2019

L’internationalisation est devenue une priorité des politiques des établissements d’enseignement supérieur. Cependant ces collaborations internationales, dans une situation où prédomine l’anglo-américain (au moins dans le monde occidental), posent des problèmes de politique linguistique et de didactique des langues. Les plus évidents sont ceux de la ou des langues utilisées dans les formations et par les enseignants eux-mêmes. Le choix des langues enseignées a de fortes incidences sur la nature des connaissances transmises, dans un marché des connaissances dont les enjeux ne sont pas uniquement cognitifs. Quant à l’enseignement de langue étrangère ou en langue étrangère, il a à tenir compte du fait que l’appropriation d’une langue ne se réduit pas à celle de ses formes, car les pratiques langagières sont des pratiques culturelles, ce qu’enseigne l’anthropologie linguistique, au moins depuis Hymes.
La « Verschiedenheit » d’Humboldt au service de l’internationalisation des formations dans l’enseignement supérieur en France
Authors: O’Connell Anne-Marie
Published: July 2019

Toute langue étrangère nous apparaît dans sa différence et sa singularité, notions rassemblées dans le concept de Verschiedenheit (« différence »), du linguiste allemand Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835). Alors que, de nos jours, croît la demande en formations internationalisantes, comment un tel concept serait-il à même de permettre aux didacticiens des langues de spécialité de répondre aux futurs besoins professionnels des étudiants tout en défendant un apprentissage humaniste de la langue ? La présente contribution analysera tout d’abord la genèse de ce concept-outil dans les écrits de Humboldt pour montrer ensuite comment la différence singulière des langues peut devenir un outil didactique qui introduit l’interculturalité à partir de la langue seconde elle-même. Enfin, nous verrons qu’elle favorise aussi le rapprochement des langues premières et secondes par le recours à la méthode pédagogique de type comparatiste, qui fera l’objet de la dernière section.
L’international en IUT : pratiques pédagogiques et dispositifs pour une mobilité et formation sans frontières
Authors: Wolf-Mandroux Francoise
Published: July 2019

L’internationalisation des parcours suscite un vif intérêt de la part des étudiants et des enseignants. Pourtant, la motivation seule ne suffit pas à conduire à la mobilité. Après avoir défini l’« internationalisation » dans l’environnement de notre IUT tertiaire, quelques exemples réalisés conjointement avec les étudiants et les enseignants sont présentés. Des témoignages complètent ce panorama, suivi d’une analyse des dispositifs mis en place. Ces dispositifs d'internationalisation répondent-ils aux exigences de la pluralité des parcours universitaires et professionnels ? Facilitent-ils une meilleure insertion ? Les besoins accélérés de formation initiale, continue et en alternance ont considérablement évolué. Un tournant ministériel sans précédent replace/déplace l’apprentissage en France en 2018 dans une internationalisation inédite, avec des dispositifs transformés. Aurons-nous des réponses à un avenir plus que jamais globalisé ?
L’internationalisation autrement ? Une expérience de télécollaboration universitaire en Master
Authors: Roesler Layla
Published: July 2019

À travers la description d’un cours télécollaboratif qui mobilise des étudiants français (Master 1 et Master 2) et américains (Bachelor’s) autour d’une tâche authentique de traduction, cet article met en avant la possibilité de réfléchir sur des moyens alternatifs d’ouvrir les universités à l’international en contournant la surreprésentation de la langue anglaise dans les formations. Nous suggérons que des projets partagés mettant en regard deux langues et deux cultures, fournissent des facteurs de motivation qui ont des implications favorables pour les apprentissages des étudiants.
Un traducteur plurilingue en langues des signes pour une internationalisation de la formation DUT « Métiers du multimédia et de l’internet »
Authors: Pélissier Chrysta , Baron Mathilde
Published: July 2019

Nous présentons le retour d’une expérience pédagogique nommée « SIGNaleTIC » réalisée avec des étudiants de DUT métiers du multimédia et de l’internet (MMI) en première année à l’IUT de Béziers. Cette expérience, menée selon une démarche projet multidisciplinaire, intègre trois cours inscrits au programme pédagogique national : écriture pour les médias numériques, anglais et espagnol. Les étudiants, répartis en groupes, avaient pour objectif de produire un lexique, ou traducteur, plurilingue présentant dix mots de vocabulaire issus des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) en plusieurs langues des signes. Dans ce traducteur, chaque terme, choisi par les étudiants, est associé à plusieurs « micro-vidéos », chacune correspondant à une version en langue des signes française, espagnole, britannique et américaine. Cette démarche pédagogique s’intègre dans une stratégie institutionnelle d’internationalisation de la formation.
Prediction of Uncertain Spatiotemporal Data Based on XML Integrated With Markov Chain
Authors: Bai Luyi , Li Nan , Sun Chengjia , Zhao Yuan
Published: July 2019

Since XML could benefit data management greatly and Markov chains have an advantage in data prediction, the authors study the methodology of predicting uncertain spatiotemporal data based on XML integrated with Markov chain. To accomplish this, first, the researchers devise an uncertain spatiotemporal data model based on XML. Then, the researchers put forward the method based on Markov chains to predict spatiotemporal data, which has taken the uncertainty into consideration. Next, the researchers apply the prediction method to meteorological field. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate the advantages the authors approach. Such a method of prediction could broaden the research field of spatiotemporal data, and provide a significant reference in the study of forecasting uncertain spatiotemporal data.
New Model for Geospatial Coverages in JSON
Authors: Maso Joan , Torres Alaitz Zabala , Baumann Peter
Published: July 2019

Map browsers currently in place present maps and geospatial information using common image formats such as JPEG or PNG, usually created from a service on demand. This is a clear approach for a simple visualization map browser but prevents the browser from modifying the visualization since the content of the image file represents the intensity of colors of each pixel. In a desktop GIS, a coverage dataset is an array of values quantifying a certain property in each pixel of a subdomain of the space. The standard used to describe and distribute coverages is called web coverage service (WCS). Traditionally, encoding of coverages was too complex for map browsers implemented in JavaScript, relegating the WCS to a data download, a process that creates a file that will be later used in a desktop GIS. The combination of a coverage implementation schema in JSON, binary arrays, and HTML5 canvas makes it possible that web map browsers can be directly implemented in JavaScript.
New Generation of ODS Alloys
Authors: Dymáček Petr , Bártková Denisa , Horník Vít , Stratil Luděk , Mašek Bohuslav , Svoboda Jiří
Published: July 2019

Excellent creep strength of the ODS steels is associated with an attractive interaction between dislocations and oxides. The aim of this study is to explore the Fe-Al-O and Fe-Al-Cr-Y-O systems with high oxygen content (up to 1.5 wt %) represented by alumina or yttria oxides (up to 5 vol. %) to identify the potentials of the new generation of ODS alloys. The basic material is prepared from Fe and 10 or 11 wt. % of Al. Theoretical models showed stability of Al oxides even above 1000°C, while practical results show coarsening with time at these temperatures. Stability of Y oxides is about 200°C higher, so there is a potential to have stable creep resistant alloy in range of 1000-1200°C.
Effect of Heat Treatment at (β+γ) Two Phase Region on Fracture Toughness in TiAl Intermetallic Compound
Authors: Hasegawa Makoto , Inui Tomohiro , Dlouhý Ivo
Published: July 2019

Effects of holding temperature and time at (β+γ) two phase region on the microstructure of fully lamellar Ti-46Al-7Nb-0.7Cr-0.2Ni-0.1Si (mol%) intermetallic compounds are studies. Fully lamellar microstructure is observed after homogenization heat treatment for 3.6 ks at 1643 K (α single phase state). Fine β phased grains precipitate at fully lamellar structure after heat treatment of homogenized material at 1373 K. Holding the homogenized material for 72 ks at 1373 K decompose partially the lamellar structure. Heat treatment of homogenized material at 1273 K also precipitates the fine β phased grains in fully lamellar structure. In this temperature range, decomposition of lamellar structure is not observed up to 72 ks heat treatment. The toughness of homogenized material is ~ 15 MPa√m. Heat treatment of homogenized material at 1373 K and 1273 K for 3.6 ks indicates maximum fracture toughness in each temperature range. This may due to the precipitation of fine β phased grains. The fracture toughness decreases with the increase in heat treatment time up to 18 ks and/or 36 ks. Then, the value of fracture toughness became constant. Specimens heat treated at 1373 K for 36 ks and 72 ks indicate lower toughness than homogenized material. However, when the specimens are heat treated at 1273 K for 36 ks and 72 ks, the toughness is higher than that of homogenized material. This change is due to the decomposition of the lamellar structure.
Comparison of Behaviour of Different Variants of Hydrogenated TRIP Steels at Slow Strain Rate Tests
Authors: Váňová Petra , Sojka Jaroslav , Konečná Kateřina , Radkovská Taťána
Published: July 2019

The paper describes effect of hydrogen on mechanical properties and fracture characteristics of two types of C-Mn-Si TRIP steel; laboratory prepared steel TRIP 800 and commercially manufactured steel TRIP 780. TRIP steels are very promising materials thanks to their combination of a very good strength and toughness. However, these steels can be embrittled by hydrogen during technological operations related to galvanizing. That is why the knowledge of effects of hydrogen on the properties and fracture characteristics of the TRIP steels is of particular importance. In the presented study, effects of hydrogen were studied by tensile tests after electrolytical hydrogen charging. Electrolytical hydrogen charging was performed in 0.05 M solution of sulfuric acid with addition of potassium thiocyanate to promote hydrogen absorption. Hydrogen provoked embrittlement in both steel variants and changed their fracture micromechanism. Hydrogen embrittlement manifested itself mainly by a loss of plasticity. Index of hydrogen embrittlement, expressed on the basic of a relative drop of elongation to fracture, reached values about 77 % for the steel variant TRIP 800, resp. 83 % for the steel variant TRIP 780. No significant difference was observed between two steel variants studied. Concerning fractographic characteristics, steels containing hydrogen displayed quasi-cleavage fracture mostly on the edges of the sample and around elongated non-metallic inclusions.
Residual Life-Time Evaluation Method Using Instrumented Indentation Test
Authors: Kim Woo Joo , Lee Jung Jun , Won Jong Ho , Kwon Dong Il
Published: July 2019

Predicting the residual life of a structure is an essential issue in structure management. Many researchers have used different methods to predict structure lifetimes, such as the creep rupture test. However, this test is costly and time-consuming, and since it is also destructive, an unused specimen must be tested rather than an actual specimen in use. The instrumented indentation test (IIT), on the other hand, is easier and faster than conventional test methods, most important of all, it is a non-destructive method to obtain mechanical properties that can be performed on the actual structure in use. In this study, we obtained mechanical properties of a SA213-T23 tube material for a thermal power plant degraded for 1~2,000 hours at high temperature. and observed the degradation by analyzing the microstructure. We found a relation between the Larson-Miller Parameter (LMP) and degradation tensile properties considering the temperature and degradation time and suggested a method to predict the residual life by applying a failure criterion. Also, we confirmed that our interaction formula and the residual life are reasonable by comparison with statistical rupture time data from materials that have in fact degraded.
TECHNOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF CELLULOSE CARBAMATE SYNTHESIZED FROM RICE STRAW AND ITS UTILIZATION AS DYE ADSORBENT
Authors: El-Thalouth I. Abd , El-Hennawi Heba , Tawfik S. , El-Salam Sh. Abd , Adel E.
Published: July 2019

Egyptian rice straw was subjected to pulping via alkali scouring followed by hypochloric bleaching. the obtained cellulosic pulp was allowed to react with two different amounts of urea at high temperature to obtain cellulose carbamate acquire nitrogen content of 0.13 and 0.16 on using 10 and 20 g urea/100g cellulose pulp respectively. The obtained carbamate derivatives were evaluated as dye adsorbent for different reactive dyes. Different factors were investigated as the nature of colour used, the technique applied, the time of treatment, and concentration of dyes used. It was found that the magnitude of the adsorbed colour depends on the N %, whereas the %N increases the % colour removal increases too. As the concentration of the dye increases from 0.01 to 0.5g/ 1000ml, the colour removal % decreases regularly. It is clear from the obtained results that the % colour removal as well as the time to reach the maximum colour removal percent depend on: a) the natureof the reactive dye used, (b) the degree of carbamation expressed as % N and (c) the technique applied.
AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BASED DROUGHT PREDICTIONS IN PART OF THE TROPICS
Authors: Aiyelokun Oluwatobi Oluwaseun , Ogunsanwo Gbenga , Fabiyi Oluwafunbi
Published: July 2019

There are indications that anthropogenic activities of man have tremendously increased extreme weather conditions resulting from global warming. This study therefore aims to determine the possibility of drought, its frequency, persistence and severity in Southwest Nigeria. The study employs the use of secondary data such as rainfall records from Ijebu-Ode station covering a period of 40 years (1974-2013) for drought computation while other parameters such as temperature, potential evapotranspiration and relative humidity were used for Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based modeling and prediction of drought. The frequency of drought events was calculated using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The SPI was calculated for 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months’ time steps, and findings shows that all time steps had an increasing trend which signify excess rainfall and flooding in years to come except, the 3 month time step for the month of April that shows a significant decreasing trend, indicating an increase in drought. ANN was further used to model the drought for the 3 month time step for the month of April. Prediction of the year 2045 shows that there would be periods of severe dryness. The study concludes that the hypothesis of increasing rainfall in the tropics due to climate change does not hold for all areas and time steps, since there is indication that drought will persist in few months in years to come. Finally, more intensive study should be done to ascertain possibility of unforeseen droughts in the tropics where rainfall has been forecasted to persist.
OPEN SPACE DESIGN STUDY ON THE BASIS OF EXTREME MICROCLIMATE AND SPATIAL BEHAVIOR IN NORTHERN CHINA
Authors: Guo Zhiming , Setoguchi Tsuyoshi , Watanabe Norihiro , Huo Ke
Published: July 2019

Microclimate in open space affected by the urban layout and spatial forms plays an important role in the outdoor comfort, thus the outdoor activities based on the comfort sensation will directly affected by the microclimate. An outstanding open space should satisfy different requirements of outdoor activities and create relatively comfortable sensation. Most studies have been conducted on these relationships only above 0 Celsius degree. However, only few have focused on extreme situations in both hot and cold seasons. Therefore, from microclimate perspective, taking people’s comfort and spatial behaviors as criterions, this research discussed how the open space forms affect microclimate, thus affect comfort sensation and spatial behaviors. The outcomes may provide some useful insights for planners and architects to understand the relationship among microclimate, open space and people. Results showed that microclimate obviously affected people’s comfort. In hot season, shade and air-flow played crucial roles in outdoor comfort. People tend to stay outside in the shade and the area with higher air velocity. After sunset is popular period for outdoor activities. In cold season, at the same ambient temperature, lower air velocity raised the comfort level. Shade also had influences on comfort sensation but do not affect spatial behaviors significantly. This paper also proposes optimization design proposals of densely populated open space based on extreme microclimate and spatial behaviour.
Indigenous vascular plants of the Soutpansberg, South Africa
Authors: Hahn Norbert
Published: July 2019

Background: The first checklist for the Soutpansberg was published in 1946, and the second list was compiled by the author in 2006 as part of his doctoral thesis. Currently, there is a need for an updated account of the biodiversity of the Soutpansberg Centre of Endemism and Diversity for conservation planning in the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, within which the Soutpansberg is the principle geomorphological feature.Objectives: To present an updated list of vascular plants recorded for the Soutpansberg.Method: The list was compiled from various sources including literature reviews, herbarium specimens, herbarium databases and personal observations.Results: This article presents the most geographically accurate and taxonomically updated list of the indigenous vascular flora of the Soutpansberg, the northernmost mountain range of South Africa. Altogether 2443 taxa are recorded belonging to 922 genera in 187 families and 64 orders.Conclusion: The list presented in this article confirms the status of the Soutpansberg as a centre of floristic diversity in southern Africa. Notable is the higher-order diversity of the flora. It is likely that both future surveys and reviews of herbarium collections will add new taxa to the current total.
Building Dynamic Lexicons for Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Mechulam Nicolás , Salvia Damián , Rosá Aiala , Etcheverry Mathias
Published: July 2019

Nowadays, many approaches for Sentiment Analysis (SA) rely on affective lexicons to identify emotions transmitted in opinions. However, most of these lexicons do not consider that a word can express different sentiments in different predication domains, introducing errors in the sentiment inference. Due to this problem, we present a model based on a context-graph which can be used for building domain specic sentiment lexicons(DL: Dynamic Lexicons) by propagating the valence of a few seed words. For different corpora, we compare the results of a simple rule-based sentiment classier using the corresponding DL, with the results obtained using a general affective lexicon. For most corpora containing specic domain opinions, the DL reaches better results than the general lexicon.
Diagnostic Usefulness of Cytokine and Chemokine Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Suspected Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Kwon Ji-Soo , Park Joung Ha , Kim Ji Yeun , Cha Hye Hee , Kim Min-Jae , Chong Yong Pil , Lee Sang-Oh , Choi Sang-Ho , Kim Yang Soo , Woo Jun Hee , Koo Yong Seo , Jeon Sang-Beom , Lee Sang-Ahm , Kim Sung-Han
Published: July 2019

In this study, we investigated the diagnostic utility of the cytokine profile of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays of patients with suspected tuberculous meningitis (TBM). We prospectively enrolled adult patients with suspected TBM, and CSF specimens were analyzed for 18 cytokines/chemokines and soluble programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Enzyme-linked immunospot assays were performed on mononuclear cells from the CSF (CSF-MCs) and peripheral blood (PBMCs). A total of 87 patients with meningitis, including 42 TBM-suspected patients and 45 non-TBM patients, were enrolled. Excluding the 32 patients with possible TBM, 10 patients with TBM and 45 patients with non-TBM were finally analyzed. Levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA), interleukin 12 subunit β (IL-12p40), IL-13, macrophage inflammatory protein α (MIP-1α), and soluble PD-1 and PD-L1 in the CSF were significantly higher in the TBM group than in the non-TBM group (P < 0.05). The optimal cutoff values for the sensitivities and specificities of the test methods for diagnosing TBM with small samples of 10 cases of definite or probable TBM were as follows: ADA > 6.95 U/L, 70% and 81%; IL-12p40 > 52.04 pg/mL, 80% and 73%; IL-13 > 0.44 pg/mL, 90% and 47%; MIP-1α > 8.83 pg/mL, 80% and 62%; soluble PD-1 > 35.87 pg/mL, 80% and 63%; soluble PD-L1 > 24.19 pg/mL, 80% and 61%; CSF-MC ELISPOT > 13.5 spots/250,000 CSF-MC, 30% and 91%; and PBMC ELISPOT > 14 spots/250,000 PBMCs, 50% and 78%, respectively. Therefore, CSF IL-12p40, IL-13, MIP-1α, and soluble PD-1 and PD-L1 concentrations appear to be useful adjuncts for diagnosing TBM.
High Rates of Premature and Potentially Preventable Death among Patients Surviving Melioidosis in Tropical Australia
Authors: Hanson Josh , Smith Simon
Published: July 2019

Although the in-hospital mortality of Australian patients with melioidosis continues to decline, the ensuing clinical course of survivors is poorly described. Between January 1, 1998, and January 31, 2019, 228 patients in Cairns, tropical Australia, survived their hospitalization with melioidosis; however, 52 (23%) subsequently died. Death occurred at a median of 3.8 years after discharge, with patients dying at a mean age of 59 years. Only 1/27 (4%) without predisposing conditions for melioidosis died during follow-up, versus 51/201 (25%) with these comorbidities (P = 0.01). Death during follow-up was more likely in patients with chronic lung disease (OR [95% CI]: 4.05 (1.84–8.93, P = 0.001) and chronic kidney disease (OR [95% CI]: 2.87 [1.33–6.20], P = 0.007), and was most commonly due to infection and macrovascular disease. A significant proportion of Australians surviving hospitalization with melioidosis will die soon after discharge, usually prematurely and frequently from preventable conditions. A more holistic approach is required to their care.
Large-scale dynamics of tropical cyclone formation associated with ITCZ breakdown
Authors: Wang Quan , Kieu Chanh , Vu The-Anh
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This study examines the formation of tropical cyclones (TCs) from the large-scale perspective. Using the nonlinear dynamical transition framework recently developed by Ma and Wang, it is shown that the large-scale formation of TCs can be understood as a result of the principle of exchange of stabilities in the barotropic model for the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Analyses of the transition dynamics at the critical point reveal that the maximum number of TC disturbances that the Earth's tropical atmosphere can support at any instant of time has an upper bound of ∼12 for current atmospheric conditions. Additional numerical estimation of the transition structure on the central manifold at the critical point of the ITCZ model confirms this important finding, which offers an explanation for a fundamental question of why the Earth's atmosphere can support a limited number of TCs globally each year.
Observational evidence of particle hygroscopic growth in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: He Qianshan , Ma Jianzhong , Zheng Xiangdong , Yan Xiaolu , Vömel Holger , Wienhold Frank G. , Gao Wei , Liu Dongwei , Shi Guangming , Cheng Tiantao
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We measured the vertical profiles of backscatter ratio (BSR) using the
balloon-borne, lightweight Compact Optical Backscatter AerosoL Detector
(COBALD) instruments above Linzhi, located in the southeastern Tibetan
Plateau, in the summer of 2014. An enhanced aerosol layer in the upper
troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS), with BSR (455 nm) > 1.1 and
BSR (940 nm) > 1.4, was observed. The color index (CI) of the
enhanced aerosol layer, defined as the ratio of aerosol backscatter ratios
(ABSRs) at wavelengths of 940 and 455 nm, varied from 4 to 8, indicating
the prevalence of fine particles with a mode radius of less than 0.1 µm. We
find that unlike the very small particles (mode radius smaller than 0.04 µm) at low relative humidity (RHi < 40 %), the relatively
large particles in the aerosol layer were generally very hydrophilic as
their size increased dramatically with relative humidity. This result
indicates that water vapor can play a very important role in increasing the
size of fine particles in the UTLS over the Tibetan Plateau. Our
observations provide observation-based evidence supporting the idea that aerosol
particle hygroscopic growth is an important factor influencing the radiative
properties of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL) during the Asian
summer monsoon.
What was the source of the atmospheric CO2 increase during the Holocene?
Authors: Brovkin Victor , Lorenz Stephan , Raddatz Thomas , Ilyina Tatiana , Stemmler Irene , Toohey Matthew , Claussen Martin
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The atmospheric CO2 concentration increased by about 20 ppm
from 6000 BCE to the pre-industrial period (1850 CE). Several hypotheses have been
proposed to explain mechanisms of this CO2 growth based on either ocean
or land carbon sources. Here, we apply the Earth system model MPI-ESM-LR for
two transient simulations of climate and carbon cycle dynamics during this
period. In the first simulation, atmospheric CO2 is prescribed
following ice-core CO2 data. In response to the growing atmospheric
CO2 concentration, land carbon storage increases until 2000 BCE,
stagnates afterwards, and decreases from 1 CE, while the ocean continuously
takes CO2 out of the atmosphere after 4000 BCE. This leads to a missing
source of 166 Pg of carbon in the ocean–land–atmosphere system by the end of
the simulation. In the second experiment, we applied a CO2 nudging
technique using surface alkalinity forcing to follow the reconstructed
CO2 concentration while keeping the carbon cycle interactive. In that
case the ocean is a source of CO2 from 6000 to 2000 BCE due to a
decrease in the surface ocean alkalinity. In the prescribed CO2
simulation, surface alkalinity declines as well. However, it is not
sufficient to turn the ocean into a CO2 source. The carbonate ion
concentration in the deep Atlantic decreases in both the prescribed and the
interactive CO2 simulations, while the magnitude of the decrease in the
prescribed CO2 experiment is underestimated in comparison with
available proxies. As the land serves as a carbon sink until 2000 BCE due to
natural carbon cycle processes in both experiments, the missing source of
carbon for land and atmosphere can only be attributed to the ocean. Within
our model framework, an additional mechanism, such as surface alkalinity
decrease, for example due to unaccounted for carbonate accumulation processes on
shelves, is required for consistency with ice-core CO2 data.
Consequently, our simulations support the hypothesis that the ocean was a
source of CO2 until the late Holocene when anthropogenic CO2
sources started to affect atmospheric CO2.
Tree proximity affects soil respiration dynamics in a coastal temperate deciduous forest
Authors: Pennington Stephanie C. , McDowell Nate G. , Megonigal J. Patrick , Stegen James C. , Bond-Lamberty Ben
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Soil respiration (Rs), the flow of CO2 from the soil surface to the atmosphere, is one of the largest carbon fluxes in the terrestrial biosphere. The spatial variability of Rs is both large and poorly understood, limiting our ability to robustly scale it in time and space. One factor in Rs spatial variability is the autotrophic contribution from plant roots, but it is uncertain how the proximity of plants affects the magnitude and temperature sensitivity of Rs. This study examined the effect of tree proximity on Rs in the growing and dormant seasons, as well as during moisture-limited times, in a temperate, coastal, deciduous forest in eastern Maryland, USA. In a linear mixed-effects model, tree basal area within 5 m (BA5) exerted a significant positive effect on the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. Soil moisture was the dominant control on Rs during the dry portions of the year while soil moisture, temperature, and BA5 all exerted significant effects on Rs in wetter periods. Our results suggest that autotrophic respiration is more sensitive to temperature than heterotrophic respiration at these sites, although we did not measure these source fluxes directly, and that soil respiration is highly moisture-sensitive, even in a record-rainfall year. The Rs flux magnitudes (0.3–16.6 µmol m−2 s−1) and variability (coefficient of variability 10 %–22 % across plots) observed in this study were comparable to values observed over decades in similar forests. We estimate that four Rs observations were required to be within 50 % of the stand-level mean, and 311 to be within 5 %, at 90 % confidence. A better understanding of the spatial interactions between plants and microbes that results in measured Rs is necessary to link these processes with large scale soil-to-atmosphere C fluxes.