bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myeloid cell TRAF3 promotes metabolic inflammation, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obesity
Authors: Chen Zheng , Shen Hong , Sun Chengxin , Yin Lei , Tang Fei , Zheng Pan , Liu Yang , Brink Robert , Rui Liangyou
Published: January 2015

Myeloid cells, particularly macrophages, mediate metabolic inflammation, thus promoting insulin resistance and metabolic disease progression in obesity. Numerous cytokines, toxic metabolites, damage-associated molecular patterns, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns are involved in activating macrophages via their cognate receptors in obesity. TRAF3 (TNF receptor-associated factor 3) is a common signaling molecule for these ligands/receptors and negatively regulates the proinflammatory NF-κB and MAPK pathways, but its metabolic activity is unknown. We here show that myeloid cell TRAF3 is required for metabolic inflammation and metabolic disease progression in obesity. Myeloid cell-specific deletion of TRAF3 significantly attenuated insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis in mice with either genetic ( ob/ob) or high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Myeloid cell-specific deletion of TRAF3 had the opposite effects on metabolic inflammation between obese and lean mice. It decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the liver and adipose tissue of obese mice and largely prevented HFD-induced inflammation in these metabolic tissues; by contrast, in lean mice, it increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the liver and adipose tissue. These data suggest that, in obesity progression, myeloid TRAF3 functionally switches its activity from anti-inflammatory to proinflammatory modes, thereby coupling overnutrition to metabolic inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic disease.
Immediate enhancement of first-phase insulin secretion and unchanged glucose effectiveness in patients with type 2 diabetes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: Martinussen Christoffer , Bojsen-Møller Kirstine N. , Dirksen Carsten , Jacobsen Siv H. , Jørgensen Nils B. , Kristiansen Viggo B. , Holst Jens J. , Madsbad Sten
Published: January 2015

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) in patients with type 2 diabetes often leads to early disease remission, and it is unknown to what extent this involves improved pancreatic β-cell function per se and/or enhanced insulin- and non-insulin-mediated glucose disposal (glucose effectiveness). We studied 30 obese patients, including 10 with type 2 diabetes, 8 with impaired glucose tolerance, and 12 with normal glucose tolerance before, 1 wk, and 3 mo after RYGB, using an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) to estimate first-phase insulin response, insulin sensitivity (Si), and glucose effectiveness with Bergman's minimal model. In the fasting state, insulin sensitivity was estimated by HOMA-S and β-cell function by HOMA-β. Moreover, mixed-meal tests and oral GTTs were performed. In patients with type 2 diabetes, glucose levels normalized after RYGB, first-phase insulin secretion in response to iv glucose increased twofold, and HOMA-β already improved 1 wk postoperatively, with further enhancements at 3 mo. Insulin sensitivity increased in the liver (HOMA-S) at 1 wk and at 3 mo in peripheral tissues (Si), whereas glucose effectiveness did not improve significantly. During oral testing, GLP-1 responses and insulin secretion increased regardless of glucose tolerance. Therefore, in addition to increased insulin sensitivity and exaggerated postprandial GLP-1 levels, diabetes remission after RYGB involves early improvement of pancreatic β-cell function per se, reflected in enhanced first-phase insulin secretion to iv glucose and increased HOMA-β. A major role for improved glucose effectiveness after RYGB was not supported by this study.
Synthesis of Nanoscale Heterostructures Comprised of Metal Nanowires, Carbon Nanotubes, and Metal Nanoparticles: Investigation of Their Structure and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Chopra Nitin , Wu Junchi , Agrawal Paaras
Published: January 2015

One‐dimensional nanoscale heterostructures comprised of multisegment gold‐nickel nanowires, carbon nanotube, and nickel nanoparticles were fabricated in a unique approach combining top‐down and bottom‐up assembly methods. Porous alumina template was utilized for sequential electrodeposition of gold and nickel nanowire segments. This was followed by chemical vapor deposition growth of carbon nanotubes on multisegment gold‐nickel nanowires, where nickel segment also acted as a carbon nanotube growth catalyst. The aligned arrays of these gold‐nickel‐carbon nanotube heterostructures were released from porous alumina template and then subjected to wet‐chemical process to be decorated with nickel/nickel oxide core/shell nanoparticles. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were utilized for morphology, interface, defect, and structure characterization. The electrochemical performance of these heterostructures was studied using cyclic voltammetry method and the specific capacitance of various heterostructures was estimated and compared.
Brilliant Green Dye Elimination from Water UsingPsidium guajavaLeaves andSolanum tuberosumPeels as Adsorbents in Environmentally Benign Way
Authors: Rehman Rabia , Mahmud Tariq , Irum Maria
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study is to check the feasibility ofPsidium guajava(Guava) leaves and peels ofSolanum tuberosum(Potato) as biosorbents in removal of Brilliant Green (BG) in batch mode. Surface analysis of biosorbents was done by FT-IR and quantitatively analyzed by Boehm titration. The removal of dye was confirmed by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Isothermal modeling was studied by using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms. Various isothermal parameters for adsorption of Brilliant Green such asqm=1.075 mg/g, 1.173 mg/gΔG°=-3.397, and −2.397 KJ/mol were noted forSolanum tuberosumpeels (PP) andPsidium guajavaleaves (GL), respectively. Similarly pH, moisture content, and various metals were quantitatively analyzed. Results showed that leaves ofPsidium guajavawere more effective for removal of Brilliant Green.
Local Inflammation in Fracture Hematoma: Results from a Combined Trauma Model in Pigs
Authors: Horst K. , Eschbach D. , Pfeifer R. , Hübenthal S. , Sassen M. , Steinfeldt T. , Wulf H. , Ruchholtz S. , Pape H. C. , Hildebrand F.
Published: January 2015

Background. Previous studies showed significant interaction between the local and systemic inflammatory response after severe trauma in small animal models. The purpose of this study was to establish a new combined trauma model in pigs to investigate fracture‐associated local inflammation and gain information about the early inflammatory stages after polytrauma. Material and Methods. Combined trauma consisted of tibial fracture, lung contusion, liver laceration, and controlled hemorrhage. Animals were mechanically ventilated and under ICU‐monitoring for 48 h. Blood and fracture hematoma samples were collected during the time course of the study. Local and systemic levels of serum cytokines and diverse alarmins were measured by ELISA kit. Results. A statistical significant difference in the systemic serum values of IL‐6 and HMGB1 was observed when compared to the sham. Moreover, there was a statistical significant difference in the serum values of the fracture hematoma of IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, and HMGB1 when compared to the systemic inflammatory response. However a decrease of local proinflammatory concentrations was observed while anti‐inflammatory mediators increased. Conclusion. Our data showed a time‐dependent activation of the local and systemic inflammatory response. Indeed it is the first study focusing on the local and systemic inflammatory response to multiple‐trauma in a large animal model.
Aortic Arch Calcification Predicts the Renal Function Progression in Patients with Stage 3 to 5 Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Li Lung-Chih , Lee Yueh-Ting , Lee Yi-Wei , Chou Chia-An , Lee Chien-Te
Published: January 2015

Introduction. The presence of aortic arch calcification (AoAC) and cardiomegaly on chest radiography has been demonstrated as important risk factors for cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the interrelationship among AoAC, cardiomegaly, and renal function progression remains unclear. The aim of this study is to assess whether AoAC and cardiomegaly are independently associated with the renal function progression in patients with stages 3–5 CKD.Methods. We retrospectively determined AoAC and cardiomegaly by chest X-ray in 237 patients, followed up for at least three years without entering dialysis and classified into 4 groups according to the presence or absence of AoAC and cardiomegaly. The change in renal function was measured by the slope of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Results. Of the 237 patients, the rate of eGFR decline was significantly higher in the group with coexistence of AoAC and cardiomegaly than any other groups. Baseline AoAC and proteinuria were independently associated with eGFR decline. AoAC were independently determined by age, eGFR slope, and cardiomegaly.Conclusions. The coexistence of AoAC and cardiomegaly is associated with faster eGFR decline. AoAC is an independent determinant of renal outcomes in patients with CKD stages 3–5.
Effect of Dietary Lead on Intestinal Nutrient Transporters mRNA Expression in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Ebrahimi Roohollah , Faseleh Jahromi Mohammad , Liang Juan Boo , Soleimani Farjam Abdoreza , Shokryazdan Parisa , Idrus Zulkifli
Published: January 2015

Lead- (Pb-) induced oxidative stress is known to suppress growth performance and feed efficiency in broiler chickens. In an attempt to describe the specific underlying mechanisms of such phenomenon we carried out the current study. Ninety-six one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatment groups of 6 pen replicates, namely, (i) basal diet containing no lead supplement (control) and (ii) basal diet containing 200 mg lead acetate/kg of diet. Following 3 weeks of experimental period, jejunum samples were collected to examine the changes in gene expression of several nutrient transporters, antioxidant enzymes, and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) using quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that addition of lead significantly decreased feed intake, body weight gain, and feed efficiency. Moreover, with the exception of GLUT5, the expression of all sugar, peptide, and amino acid transporters was significantly downregulated in the birds under Pb induced oxidative stress. Exposure to Pb also upregulated the antioxidant enzymes gene expression together with the downregulation of glutathione S-transferase and Hsp70. In conclusion, it appears that Pb-induced oxidative stress adversely suppresses feed efficiency and growth performance in chicken and the possible underlying mechanism for such phenomenon is downregulation of major nutrient transporter genes in small intestine.
Protective Effects of Total Saponins of Panax Notoginseng on Steroid-Induced Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Yuan Heng-feng , Pan Jian-feng , Li Shuo , Guo Chang-an , Liu Shu-hao , Yan Zuo-qin
Published: January 2015

This research was designed to investigate the protective effects of TSPN on steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) and the likely mechanisms of those effects. As an in vivo study, TSPN was shown to be protective against steroid-induced ANFH due to the upregulation of VEGF-A. Furthermore, TSPN attenuated the apoptosis of osteocytes and reduced the expression of Caspase-3 relative to the model group. As an in vitro study, TSPN exerted a concentration-dependent protective effect against apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, TSPN (at a dose of 100 μg/mL) significantly reversed the dexamethasone-induced augmentation of Caspase-3 expression and activity. Therefore, our study demonstrated that TSPN had a protective effect against steroid-induced ANFH that was related to the upregulation of VEGF-A and the inhibition of apoptosis and Caspase-3 activation.
Purpose of Introduction as a Predictor of Invasiveness among Introduced Shrubs in Rwanda
Authors: Seburanga Jean Leonard
Published: January 2015

The introduced shrub flora in Rwanda was analyzed and the risk of invasion was assessed based on the species’ purposes of introduction. The results showed that more than half of invasive alien shrubs in Rwanda were introduced as ornamentals. They include Agave americana L., Bryophyllum proliferum Bowie ex Hook., Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston, Lantana camara L., and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray. However, these represented only 3.16% of the total number of introduced ornamental shrubs. At the time when the study was conducted, no introduced food crop had become invasive. Species introduced for purposes other than food or culinary use showed higher likelihood of becoming invasive.
Efficacy and Safety of Corneal Transplantation Using Corneas from Foreign Donors versus Domestic Donors: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Chen Yingxin , Liao Congling , Gao Minghong , Belin Michael Wellington , Wang Mingwu , Yu Hai , Yu Jing
Published: January 2015

Purpose. To assess the efficacy and safety of corneal transplantation using corneas from foreign donors.Methods. One hundred and eight patients needing therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty were randomly divided into 2 groups (54 cases/group): foreign group using foreign donor corneas and domestic group using domestic donor corneas. Clinical outcome and incidence of postoperative complications were compared between groups.Results. No significant difference with respect to the therapeutic outcome and postoperative Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) and neovascularization by final follow-up was observed between the two groups. The graft thickness in the foreign group was statistically higher than the domestic group at 1 month postoperatively, but not at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Corneal endothelial cell density in the domestic group was statistically higher than in the foreign group at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Corneal epithelial abnormalities in the foreign group were significantly higher than that in domestic group. The primary graft failure, incidence of graft survival, and postoperative complications such as immunologic rejection, graft infection, and secondary glaucoma were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions. Corneal transplantations using foreign donor corneas are as effective and safe as those using domestic donor corneas.
A Filled Function Method Dominated by Filter for Nonlinearly Global Optimization
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Xiaoshan , Li Min
Published: January 2015

This work presents a filled function method based on the filter technique for global optimization. Filled function method is one of the effective methods for nonlinear global optimization, since it can effectively find a better minimizer. Filter technique is applied to local optimization methods for its excellent numerical results. In order to optimize the filled function method, the filter method is employed for global optimizations in this method. A new filled function is proposed first, and then the algorithm and its properties are proved. The numerical results are listed at the end.
Examination of the Factor Structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire among British and Trinidadian Adults
Authors: Barron David , Swami Viren , Towell Tony , Hutchinson Gerard , Morgan Kevin D.
Published: January 2015

Much debate in schizotypal research has centred on the factor structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), with research variously showing higher-order dimensionality consisting of two to seven dimensions. In addition, cross-cultural support for the stability of those factors remains limited. Here, we examined the factor structure of the SPQ among British and Trinidadian adults. Participants from a White British subsample(n=351)resident in the UK and from an African Caribbean subsample(n=284)resident in Trinidad completed the SPQ. The higher-order factor structure of the SPQ was analysed through confirmatory factor analysis, followed by multiple-group analysis for the model of best fit. Between-group differences for sex and ethnicity were investigated using multivariate analysis of variance in relation to the higher-order domains. The model of best-fit was the four-factor structure, which demonstrated measurement invariance across groups. Additionally, these data had an adequate fit for two alternative models: (a) 3-factor and (b) modified 4-factor model. The British subsample had significantly higher scores across all domains than the Trinidadian group, and men scored significantly higher on thedisorganiseddomain than women. The four-factor structure received confirmatory support and, importantly, support for use with populations varying in ethnicity and culture.
Functional and Physical Outcomes following Use of a Flexible CO2Laser Fiber and Bipolar Electrocautery in Close Proximity to the Rat Sciatic Nerve with Correlation to an In Vitro Thermal Profile Model
Authors: Robinson A. M. , Fishman A. J. , Bendok B. R. , Richter C.-P.
Published: January 2015

This study compared functional and physical collateral damage to a nerve when operating a Codman MALIS Bipolar Electrosurgical System CMC-III or a CO2laser coupled to a laser, with correlation to an in vitro model of heating profiles created by the devices in thermochromic ink agarose. Functional damage of the rat sciatic nerve after operating the MALIS or CO2laser at various power settings and proximities to the nerve was measured by electrically evoked nerve action potentials, and histology of the nerve was used to assess physical damage. Thermochromic ink dissolved in agarose was used to model the spatial and temporal profile of the collateral heating zone of the electrosurgical system and the laser ablation cone. We found that this laser can be operated at 2 W directly above the nerve with minimal damage, while power settings of 5 W and 10 W resulted in acute functional and physical nerve damage, correlating with the maximal heating cone in the thermochromic ink model. MALIS settings up to 40 (11 W) did not result in major functional or physical nerve damage until the nerve was between the forceps tips, correlating with the hottest zone, localized discretely between the tips.
Targeting Histone Deacetylases: A Novel Approach in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Sharma Sorabh , Taliyan Rajeev
Published: January 2015

The worldwide prevalence of movement disorders is increasing day by day. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder. In general, the clinical manifestations of PD result from dysfunction of the basal ganglia. Although the exact underlying mechanisms leading to neural cell death in this disease remains unknown, the genetic causes are often established. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly evident that chromatin acetylation status can be impaired during the neurological disease conditions. The acetylation and deacetylation of histone proteins are carried out by opposing actions of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively. In the recent past, studies with HDAC inhibitors result in beneficial effects in bothin vivoandin vitromodels of PD. Various clinical trials have also been initiated to investigate the possible therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibitors in patients suffering from PD. The possible mechanisms assigned for these neuroprotective actions of HDAC inhibitors involve transcriptional activation of neuronal survival genes and maintenance of histone acetylation homeostasis, both of which have been shown to be dysregulated in PD. In this review, the authors have discussed the putative role of HDAC inhibitors in PD and associated abnormalities and suggest new directions for future research in PD.
Examining Behavioural Coping Strategies as Mediators between Work‐Family Conflict and Psychological Distress
Authors: Aazami Sanaz , Shamsuddin Khadijah , Akmal Syaqirah
Published: January 2015

We examined the mediating role of behavioral coping strategies in the association between work‐family conflict and psychological distress. In particular, we examined the two directions of work‐family conflict, namely, work interference into family and family interference into work. Furthermore, two coping styles in this study were adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies. This cross‐sectional study was conducted among 429 Malaysian working women using self‐reported data. The results of mediational analysis in the present study showed that adaptive coping strategy does not significantly mediate the effect of work‐family conflict on psychological distress. However, maladaptive coping strategies significantly mediate the effect of work‐family conflict on psychological distress. These results show that adaptive coping strategies, which aimed to improve the stressful situation, are not effective in managing stressor such as work‐family conflict. We found that experiencing interrole conflict steers employees toward frequent use of maladaptive coping strategies which in turn lead to psychological distress. Interventions targeted at improvement of coping skills which are according to individual’s needs and expectation may help working women to balance work and family demands. The important issue is to keep in mind that effective coping strategies are to control the situations not to eliminate work‐family conflict.
Strategy for the Management of Diabetic Macular Edema: The European Vitreo-Retinal Society Macular Edema Study
Authors: Adelman Ron , Parnes Aaron , Michalewska Zofia , Parolini Barbara , Boscher Claude , Ducournau Didier
Published: January 2015

Objective. To compare the efficacy of different therapies in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME).Design. Nonrandomized, multicenter clinical study.Participants. 86 retina specialists from 29 countries provided clinical information on 2,603 patients with macular edema including 870 patients with DME.Methods. Reported data included the type and number of treatment(s) performed, the pre- and posttreatment visual acuities, and other clinical findings. The results were analyzed by the French INSEE (National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies).Main Outcome Measures. Mean change of visual acuity and mean number of treatments performed.Results. The change in visual acuity over time in response to each treatment was plotted in second order polynomial regression trend lines. Intravitreal triamcinolone monotherapy resulted in some improvement in vision. Treatment with threshold or subthreshold grid laser also resulted in minimal vision gain. Anti-VEGF therapy resulted in more significant visual improvement. Treatment with pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling alone resulted in an improvement in vision greater than that observed with anti-VEGF injection alone. In our DME study, treatment with vitrectomy and ILM peeling alone resulted in the better visual improvement compared to other therapies.
Umbilical Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Level as an Early Predictor of Acute Kidney Injury in Neonates with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Surmiak Piotr , Baumert Małgorzata , Fiala Małgorzata , Walencka Zofia , Więcek Andrzej
Published: January 2015

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a primarily described complication after unbalanced systemic perfusion in neonates with congenital heart defects, including hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). The aim of the study was to compare the umbilical NGAL concentrations between neonates born with HLHS and healthy infants, as well as to analyze whether the determination of NGAL level could predict AKI in neonates with prenatally diagnosed HLHS. Twenty-one neonates with prenatally diagnosed HLHS were enrolled as study group and 30 healthy neonates served as controls. Perinatal characteristics and postnatal parameters were extracted from the hospital neonatal database. In umbilical cord blood, we determined plasma NGAL concentrations, acid base balance, and lactate and creatinine levels. In neonates with HLHS, complications (respiratory insufficiency, circulatory failure, NEC, IVH, and AKI) were recorded until the day of cardiosurgery. We observed in neonates with HLHS higher umbilical NGAL levels compared to controls. Among 8 neonates with HLHS and diagnosed AKI stage 1, we observed elevated NGAL levels in comparison to those newborns without AKI. Umbilical NGAL could predict, with high sensitivity and specificity, AKI development in study neonates. We suggest that the umbilical blood NGAL concentration may be an early marker to predict AKI in neonates with HLHS.
First-Order Regular and Degenerate Identification Differential Problems
Authors: Favini A. , Lorenzi A. , Tanabe H.
Published: January 2015

We are concerned with both regular and degenerate first-order identification problems related to systems of differential equations of weakly parabolic type in Banach spaces. Several applications to partial differential equations and systems will be given in a subsequent paper to show the fullness of our abstract results.
The Oncofetal Protein IMP3: A Novel Grading Tool and Predictor of Poor Clinical Outcome in Human Gliomas
Authors: Del Gobbo Alessandro , Vaira Valentina , Ferrari Lucia , Patriarca Carlo , Di Cristofori Andrea , Ricca Dario , Caroli Manuela , Rampini Paolo , Bosari Silvano , Ferrero Stefano
Published: January 2015

Morphologic criteria illustrated in WHO guidelines are the most significant prognostic factor in human gliomas, but novel biomarkers are needed to identify patients with a poorer outcome. The present study examined the expression of the oncofetal protein IMP3 in a series of 135 patients affected by high-grade (grade III and IV) gliomas, correlating the results with proliferative activity, molecular parameters, and clinical and follow-up data. Overall, IMP3 expression was higher in glioblastomas (68%) than in grade III tumors (20%,P<0.0001), and IMP3-positive high-grade gliomas showed a shorter overall and disease-free survival than negative ones (P=0.0002andP=0.006, resp.). IMP3 expression was significantly associated with the absence of mutations of IDH1 gene (P=0.0001) and with the unmethylated phenotype of MGMT in high-grade gliomas (P=0.004). High Ki67 levels were correlated with better prognosis in glioblastomas but IMP3 expression was not correlated with the proliferation index. These findings confirm the role of IMP3 as a marker of poor outcome, also in consideration of its association with IDH1 wild-type phenotype and MGMT unmethylated status. The data suggest that IMP3 staining could identify a subgroup of patients with poor prognosis and at risk of recurrence in high-grade gliomas.
A Critical Analysis of Claims and Their Authenticity in Indian Drug Promotional Advertisements
Authors: Randhawa Gurpreet Kaur , Singh Navyug Raj , Rai Jaswant , Kaur Gobindnoor , Kashyap Resham
Published: January 2015

Introduction. Drug promotional advertisements (DPAs) form a major marketing technique of pharmaceutical companies for promoting their products and disseminating ambiguous drug information which can affect prescribing pattern of physicians. Drug information includes product characteristics, various marketing claims with references in support to increase its credibility and authenticity.Material and Methods. An observational study was carried out on fifty printed drug advertisement brochures which were collected from different OPDs of Guru Nanak Dev Hospital attached to Government Medical College, Amritsar, India. These advertisements were analyzed and claims were categorized into true, false, exaggerated, vague, and controversial on criteria as reported by Rohraa et al. (2006). References of DPAs in support of the claims were critically analyzed for their retrievability from web and validity pertaining to claims.Results. Out of 209 claims from 50 advertisements, only 46% were found to be true, 21% false, 16% vague, 7% exaggerated, and 10% controversial in nature. Out of 160 references given in support of claims, 49 (30%) of references were irretrievable. Out of 111 (70%) retrievable references, 92 (83%) references were found valid.Conclusion. Drug information provided in the DPAs was biased, incomplete, unauthentic, and unreliable with references exhibiting questionable credibility.
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Deficient RC Structures with Bar Pullout and Joint Shear Degradation
Authors: Mushtaq Arslan , Ali Khan Shaukat , Farooq Gabriel Hamza , Haider Sajjad
Published: January 2015

Pakistan is an underdeveloped country, still striving for improvement in construction practices. Most of the private construction is carried out as nonengineered which caused loss of approximately 85,000 lives in Kashmir (2005) earthquake. However, after the Kashmir (2005) earthquake, the government and engineering community emphasized on implementation of seismic codes. Although the current construction practices are considered as better than previous construction work the vulnerability of these structures is yet to be determined. It aims at the vulnerability assessment of recent RC construction in Pakistan that still needs to be assessed. Research work starts with calibration of panel zone element (PERFORM 3D) depicting joint shear degradation, while comparing the analytical results with experimental work, found in the literature. The frame work is then used for vulnerability assessment of RC structures typical of current construction practices in Pakistan while using advanced capacity spectrum method, developed by Kyriakides for which three cases have been considered, being constructed more frequently by public sector, in different seismic zones, based on design usually followed by builders in the region. Finally, the conclusion is drawn with suggestion of further improvement of seismic behavior of the structures.
Diffusion-Weighted MRI and FDG-PET in Diagnosis of Endometrial Stromal Nodule
Authors: Maruyama Shunsuke , Sato Yukiyasu , Satake Yumiko , Mise Hiroko , Kim Tomoko
Published: January 2015

Preoperative differentiation of benign endometrial stromal nodule (ESN) from malignant low-grade endometrial sarcoma (LGESS) is challenging, because it requires histological evaluation of the tumor-myometrium interface, which is difficult to obtain in conventional endometrial curettage. A 72-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with 5-year history of persistent vaginal bleeding. Histological examination of the endometrial curettage specimen revealed hyperplasia of apparently normal endometrial stromal cells. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T2W-MRI) showed polypoid tumor occupying the entire uterine cavity. The tumor exhibited high signal intensity in diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) and intense accumulation of18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in positron emission tomography (PET). Intense FDG accumulation was also observed in the left internal iliac region. Total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed under the diagnosis of LGESS with lymph node metastasis. However, postoperative histological examination proved that the tumor was ESN without lymph node metastasis. Since mitotic figure is no longer included in the diagnostic criteria of ESN or LGESS, ESN could exhibit high cellularity and high proliferative activity as observed in this case. Therefore, DW-MRI or FDG-PET is not useful in the differentiation of ESN from LGESS.
Osseointegration of Implants Surface‐Treated with Various Diameters of TiO2 Nanotubes in Rabbit
Authors: Kang Cheul-Goo , Park Young-Bum , Choi Hyunmin , Oh Seunghan , Lee Keun-Woo , Choi Seong-Ho , Shim June-Sung
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the osseointegration of implants which were surface‐treated with various diameters of TiO2 nanotubes (30 nm, 70 nm, and 100 nm) in rabbit. Resorbable blast media (RBM) surfaced implants (Osstem, Busan, Korea) 3.5 mm in diameter and 8.5 mm in length were designated as the control group and the implants surface‐treated with various diameters of nanotubes (30 nm, 70 nm, and 100 nm) with the same shapes were designated as the experimental groups. The implants were maintained unloaded for 4 and 12 weeks. After this period, the animals were sacrificed and micro‐CT analysis, histomorphometric analysis (bone to implant contact (BIC), bone volume (BV)), and removal torque test were performed. Micro‐CT analysis, histomorphometric analysis, and removal torque test results all showed the similar pattern, showing that 70 nm experimental group had the highest value at 4 weeks while 30 nm experimental group had the highest value at 12 weeks. Therefore, on the basis of the results above, it can be concluded that 30 nm and 70 nm TiO2 nanotubes may have positive effects on osteogenesis and osseointegration depending on the healing time.
Ni/SiO2 Catalyst Prepared with Nickel Nitrate Precursor for Combination of CO2 Reforming and Partial Oxidation of Methane: Characterization and Deactivation Mechanism Investigation
Authors: He Sufang , Zhang Lei , He Suyun , Mo Liuye , Zheng Xiaoming , Wang Hua , Luo Yongming
Published: January 2015

The performance of Ni/SiO2 catalyst in the process of combination of CO2 reforming and partial oxidation of methane to produce syngas was studied. The Ni/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by using incipient wetness impregnation method with nickel nitrate as a precursor and characterized by FT‐IR, TG‐DTA, UV‐Raman, XRD, TEM, and H2‐TPR. The metal nickel particles with the average size of 37.5 nm were highly dispersed over the catalyst, while the interaction between nickel particles and SiO2 support is relatively weak. The weak NiO‐SiO2 interaction disappeared after repeating oxidation‐reduction‐oxidation in the fluidized bed reactor at 700°C, which resulted in the sintering of metal nickel particles. As a result, a rapid deactivation of the Ni/SiO2 catalysts was observed in 2.5 h reaction on stream.
Removal of Pyrethrin from Aqueous Effluents by Adsorptive Micellar Flocculation
Authors: Kuipa Pardon K. , Kuipa Olga
Published: January 2015

The equilibrium adsorption of pyrethrin onto aggregates formed by the flocculation of micelles of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) with aluminium sulphate is reported. The experimental results were analysed using different adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Sips, Radke-Prausnitz, Temkin, linear equilibrium, and the Dubin-Radushkevich isotherms). The Freundlich and linear equilibrium isotherms best describe the adsorption of pyrethrin onto SDS micellar flocs, with the Freundlich adsorption constant,KF, and the mass distribution coefficient,KD, of 64.266 ((mg/g)(L/mg)1/n) and 119.65 L/g, respectively. Applicability of the Freundlich adsorption model suggests that heterogeneous surface adsorption affects the adsorption. The mean free energy value estimated using the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm was 0.136 kJ/mol indicating that physisorption may be predominant in the adsorption process.
Some New Sets of Sequences of Fuzzy Numbers with Respect to the Partial Metric
Authors: Kadak Uğur , Ozluk Muharrem
Published: January 2015

In this paper, we essentially deal with
Köthe‐Toeplitz duals of fuzzy level sets defined using a partial metric. Since the utilization of Zadeh’s
extension principle is quite difficult in practice, we prefer the idea of level sets in order to construct
some classical notions. In this paper, we present the sets of bounded, convergent, and null series and the
set of sequences of bounded variation of fuzzy level sets, based on the partial metric. We examine the
relationships between these sets and their classical forms and give some properties including definitions,
propositions, and various kinds of partial metric spaces of fuzzy level sets. Furthermore, we study some of
their properties like completeness and duality. Finally, we obtain the Köthe‐Toeplitz duals of fuzzy level
sets with respect to the partial metric based on a partial ordering.
To Evaluate Antimicrobial Properties of Platelet Rich Plasma and Source of Colonization in Pressure Ulcers in Spinal Injury Patients
Authors: Singh Roop , Dhayal Raj Kumar , Sehgal Paramjit Kumar , Rohilla Rajesh K.
Published: January 2015

Background. Exposure of pressure ulcers (PrUs), particularly to urine and feces, leads to increased colonization of wounds. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the source of microbial colonization and antimicrobial properties of autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) in controlling it in PrUs.Methods. Twenty-five patients of spinal cord injury (SCI) with at least two PrUs were taken for the study. Local application of autologous PRP on one PrU (case) was compared with saline dressing on the other PrU (control). Urine cultures, urethral meatus, PrUs, and perineal swabs were taken at weekly interval for five weeks.Result. Colonization rate of PrUs (case) decreased from 92% at enrollment to 24% at the 5th week but did not significantly decrease in PrUs (control) from enrollment (84%) to the 5th week (76%). Association between PrU (case) and perineal cultures was observed forStaphylococcus aureusat enrollment 41% (χ2=6.76,P<0.01) and at the 2nd week 47% (χ2=5.83,P<0.05). 47% association between PrU (control) and perineal cultures at enrollment (χ2=4.11,P<0.05) and 29% association at the 2nd week (χ2=8.41,P<0.01) were observed forStaphylococcus aureus. There was association between bacteria present in perineum/urine and those colonizing PrUs.Conclusion. There is a significant association between PrUs colonization and bacteria present in local environment (urine and feces). Local application of autologous PRP changes the “biological milieu” of the PrUs through its antimicrobial properties leading to reduction in bacterial colonization.
Influence of Spirituality on Cool Down Reactions, Work Engagement, and Life Satisfaction in Anthroposophic Health Care Professionals
Authors: Büssing Arndt , Lötzke Désirée , Glöckler Michaela , Heusser Peter
Published: January 2015

This study aimed to analyse whether spirituality is a resource for health care professionals to deal with increasing stress and work burden, specifically to analyse associations between “cool down reactions” (which describe an emotional distancing towards patients and/or reduced engagement as a strategy to protect their own functionality), work burden, and life satisfaction. We specifically focussed on anthroposophic health care professionals because of their unique approach to distinct aspects of spirituality. In a cross-sectional survey using standardized questionnaires, 489 persons were enrolled (66% women, mean age 53 ± 10 years, 41% physicians, 12% nurses, and 47% other health care professionals). They scored very high on all measures of spirituality and moderate to low with respect to “cool down reactions.” Significant predictors of “cool down reactions” were low work vigor, perceived work burden, alcohol consumption, low life satisfaction, andreligious orientation(R2=0.20). In contrast, their life satisfaction was explained best (R2=0.35) by vigor, with further positive influences of being a physician,conscious interactions, and living with a partner on one hand and negative influences of “cool down reactions,” work burden, andtranscendence convictionson the other hand. Thus, specific aspects of spirituality have only a small influence on anthroposophic health care professionals’ “cool down reactions,” but might buffer against a loss of vigor and dedication in their work.
Are Thyroid Hormone and Tumor Cell Proliferation in Human Breast Cancers Positive for HER2 Associated?
Authors: Mourouzis Iordanis , Tzovaras Alexandros , Armonis Basil , Ardavanis Alexandros , Skondra Maria , Misitzis John , Pectasides Demetrios , Pantos Constantinos
Published: January 2015

Objective.This study investigated whether thyroid hormone (TH) levels are correlated to cell proliferation (Ki67), in euthyroid breast cancer patients.Design and Methods.86 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumors, who referred for surgery, were included in the study.Results.FT3, FT4, and TSH were within normal range. No correlation was seen between Ki67 and FT3 (r=-0.17,P=0.15), FT4 (r=-0.13,P=0.25), or TSH (r=-0.10,P=0.39) in all patients studied. However, subgroup analysis showed that, in HER2(+) patients, a negative correlation existed between FT3 levels and Ki67 (r=-0.60andP=0.004) but not between Ki67 and FT4 (r=0.04andP=0.85) or TSH (r=-0.23andP=0.30). In HER2(−) patients, there was no significant correlation between Ki67 and FT3 (r=-0.06,P=0.67), FT4 (r=-0.15,P=0.26), or TSH (r=-0.09,P=0.49). Phospho-p44/total p44 ERK levels were found to be increased by 2-fold in HER2(+) versus HER2(−) tumors. No difference was detected in phospho-p42/total p42 ERK levels.Conclusions.TH profile is not altered in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. However, FT3 levels, even within normal range, are negatively correlated with cell proliferation in HER2(+) breast cancer tumors. This response may be due to the interaction between ERK and TH signaling.
Recent Trends in Preparation of Poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) Nanoparticles by Mixing Polymeric Organic Solution with Antisolvent
Authors: Sah Edel , Sah Hongkee
Published: January 2015

In recent years, there have been a plethora of nanoengineering approaches for the development of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticulate carrier systems. However, overlooking the multifaceted issues in the preparation and characterization of PLGA‐based nanoparticles, many reports have been focused on their in vivo behaviors. It is imperative to fully assess technological aspects of a nanoencapsulation method of choice and to carefully evaluate the nanoparticle quality. The selection of a nanoencapsulation technique should consider drug property, nanoparticle quality, scale‐up feasibility, manufacturing costs, personnel safety, environmental impact, waste disposal, and the like. Made in this review are the fundamentals of classical emulsion‐templated nanoencapsulation methods used to prepare PLGA nanoparticles. More specifically, this review provides insight into emulsion solvent evaporation/extraction, salting‐out, nanoprecipitation, membrane emulsification, microfluidic technology, and flow focusing. Innovative nanoencapsulation techniques are being developed to address many challenges existing in the production of PLGA‐based nanoparticles. In addition, there are various out‐of‐the‐box approaches for the development of novel PLGA hybrid systems that could deliver multiple drugs. Latest trends in these areas are also dealt with in this review. Relevant information might be helpful to those who prepare and develop PLGA‐based nanoparticles that meet their specific demands.
Nurses’ Experience of Using an Application to Support New Parents after Early Discharge: An Intervention Study
Authors: Boe Danbjørg Dorthe , Wagner Lis , Rønde Kristensen Bjarne , Clemensen Jane
Published: January 2015

Background.A development towards earlier postnatal discharge presents a challenge to find new ways to provide information and support to families. A possibility is the use of telemedicine.Objective.To explore how using an app in nursing practice affects the nurses’ ability to offer support and information to postnatal mothers who are discharged early and their families.Design.Participatory design. An app with a chat, a knowledgebase, and automated messages was tried out between hospital and parents at home.Settings.The intervention took place on a postnatal ward with approximately 1,000 births a year.Participants.At the onset of the intervention, 17 nurses, all women, were working on the ward. At the end of the intervention, 16 nurses were employed, all women.Methods.Participant observation and two focus group interviews. The data analysis was inspired by systematic text condensation.Results.The nurses on the postnatal ward consider that the use of the app gives families easier access to timely information and support.Conclusions.The app gives the nurses the possibility to offer support and information to the parents being early discharged. The app is experienced as a lifeline that connects the homes of the new parents with the hospital.
Adaptive Conflict-Free Optimization of Rule Sets for Network Security Packet Filtering Devices
Authors: Baiocchi Andrea , Maiolini Gianluca , Mingo Annachiara , Goretti Daniele
Published: January 2015

Packet filtering and processing rules management in firewalls and security gateways has become commonplace in increasingly complex networks. On one side there is a need to maintain the logic of high level policies, which requires administrators to implement and update a large amount of filtering rules while keeping them conflict-free, that is, avoiding security inconsistencies. On the other side, traffic adaptive optimization of large rule lists is useful for general purpose computers used as filtering devices, without specific designed hardware, to face growing link speeds and to harden filtering devices against DoS and DDoS attacks. Our work joins the two issues in an innovative way and defines a traffic adaptive algorithm to find conflict-free optimized rule sets, by relying on information gathered with traffic logs. The proposed approach suits current technology architectures and exploits available features, like traffic log databases, to minimize the impact of ACO development on the packet filtering devices. We demonstrate the benefit entailed by the proposed algorithm through measurements on a test bed made up of real-life, commercial packet filtering devices.
Modeling the Responses to Resistance Training in an Animal Experiment Study
Authors: Philippe Antony G. , Py Guillaume , Favier François B. , Sanchez Anthony M. J. , Bonnieu Anne , Busso Thierry , Candau Robin
Published: January 2015

The aim of the present study was to test whether systems models of training effects on performance in athletes can be used to explore the responses to resistance training in rats. 11 Wistar Han rats (277 ± 15 g) underwent 4 weeks of resistance training consisting in climbing a ladder with progressive loads. Training amount and performance were computed from total work and mean power during each training session. Three systems models relating performance to cumulated training bouts have been tested: (i) with a single component for adaptation to training, (ii) with two components to distinguish the adaptation and fatigue produced by exercise bouts, and (iii) with an additional component to account for training-related changes in exercise-induced fatigue. Model parameters were fitted using a mixed-effects modeling approach. The model with two components was found to be the most suitable to analyze the training responses (R2=0.53;P<0.001). In conclusion, the accuracy in quantifying training loads and performance in a rodent experiment makes it possible to model the responses to resistance training. This modeling in rodents could be used in future studies in combination with biological tools for enhancing our understanding of the adaptive processes that occur during physical training.