bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What’s the Frequency, Charlie Brown?
Authors: Abate Michelle Ann
Published: September 2023

Chapter Two examines a feature of Peanuts is arguably the most famous and simultaneously the most critically neglected: Charlie Brown’s iconic shirt. While the pattern on the well-known garment has long been described as a zigzag, this chapter views the wavy lines in an alternative way—as a triangle wave. Triangle waves play a role in a variety of fields, such as electronic power transmission, radio technology, and sound engineering. In the realm of music, a triangle wave is the graph formed by the frequencies of odd harmonics. Sound in general and music in particular form a core component to Peanuts. The triangle wave that can be identified on Charlie Brown’s shirt adds a new facet to these features. Ultimately, seeing Charlie Brown’s zigzag shirt as a triangle wave adds a new facet to the way that sound can be incorporated into visual-based forms of sequential art.
Peanuts To Watch Out For
Authors: Abate Michelle Ann
Published: September 2023

The Epilogue examines the legacy of Charles M. Schulz. To the already impressive array of people and pop culture phenomena that the cartoonist has influenced, this closing discussion adds another, and perhaps less expected, cartoonist and comics series to the list: Alison Bechdel’s Dykes to Watch Out For (DTWOF). For decades, Mo Testa, the beloved protagonist of the strip, has been seen as an autobiographically-inflected representation of the cartoonist herself. Mo certainly functions as Bechdel’s alter ego, but the Epiloge makes a case that she may also have her roots or origins in a figure from Peanuts: Linus van Pelt. This figure is perhaps most well known as Charlie Brown’s best friend, but he is also known for being the most contemplative, introspective, and—with his beloved blue blanket—insecure character in the comic, traits that also typify Bechdel’s Mo. Exploring the similarities between Mo and Linus extend the reach of Schulz’s work into a new realm, while they simultaneously reveal a compelling kinship between Bechdel’s work and one of the most well-known strips in the history of American comics.
Introduction
Authors: Berns Fernando Gabriel Pagnoni , Edwards Matthew
Published: September 2023

This introduction presents a brief summary on the giallo and its tropes, while arguing about the cycle’s transnational nature.
Death Laid an Egg
Authors: Anderson Donald L.
Published: September 2023

This chapter begins its analysis of Giulio Questi’s La morte ha fatto l’uovo (Death Laid an Egg, 1968) by revealing how a shift in Italy’s far-left politics from a focus on antifascism to anticapitalism signaled the opportunity for Questi to represent Italian anxieties over modernization and automation. This historical approach avoids critics’ overemphasis on genre criticism, which has obscured the radicalism of Questi’s film. For Questi, capitalism and the subsequent automation of labor have become monsters. This chapter argues the significance of Death Laid an Egg is how it links horror with capital exploitation in ways unexplored by horror cinema in the mid-20th century. The giallo genre ultimately cohered around the generic tropes present in the early films of Mario Bava and Dario Argento, but Questi’s film shows how the genre held the potential for a radical politics aligned with its historical moment.
The Transnational Giallo
Authors: Haegele Lisa
Published: September 2023

While scholarship has tended to define the giallo as a specifically Italian cinematic phenomenon, this chapter reveals the transnational dimensions of the giallo even in its earliest stages of development. The chapter takes the West German and Italian coproduction Paroxismus (Paroxysm, 1969, released in English as Venus in Furs), directed by the notorious Spanish-born exploitation filmmaker Jess Franco (1930-2013), as its case study. By closely analyzing the confused and often conflicting representations of time and space in Paroxismus, this chapter argues that Franco’s giallo—like others within and beyond Italy—articulates a crisis of temporality in a unified Western Europe and globalizing postmodern world. To conclude, the chapter suggests that the film, though long neglected by scholars, engages with postwar European history as critically as the more esteemed national art films of its era.
A Kinder Capitalism
Authors: Grossman Andrew
Published: September 2023

This chapter analyzes a strange trend within the Hong Kong new wave of the late 1970s and early 1980s: the transplantation of styles and themes of the Italian giallo into local filmmaking. Notably, Hong Kong’s pseudo-giallo films do not represent a gross cultural appropriation but a relative one that folds certain giallo influences into cinematic styles typical of Hong Kong during the period. These selective transnational borrowings unusually exemplify the ways in which locally produced films might incorporate foreign elements without attempting to fold those elements into totalized or proprietary wholes. This chapter argues that such Hong Kong films self-consciously “inject” foreign elements rather than seamlessly incorporate or “own” them. Consequently, these genre hybrids provide a far more localized, less ideological version of the transnationalism now endemic to contemporary Chinese cinema.
“But Illusions Don’t Kill”
Authors: Woodard Sean
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines Satoshi Kon’s animated psychological film Perfect Blue (1997) as a neo-giallo film. After establishing how Perfect Blue adheres to giallo tropes, analysis of its characters and plot—coupled with comparisons to seminal giallo films—allow for a re-examination of the film’s representations of gender, mental illness, and the perception between fiction and reality. Specifically, it re-evaluates Mima’s agency in the film by positing her as a giallo protagonist, and how certain key narrative events and visual cues—especially the ambiguous ending—challenge initial perceptions of her.
Almodóvar Meets Gay Porn Meets Giallo
Authors: Berns Fernando Gabriel Pagnoni
Published: September 2023

This chapter analyses Yann González’s Un Couteau dans le Coeur as a queer rewriting of Dario Argento’s masterpiece L’uccello dalle piume di cristallo. Interlinking melodrama, horror, and giallo, the French film is an interpretation and subversion of the misogynistic themes depicted in both Argento’s film and the source novel, thus producing a reading where (homoerotic) desire is key and presented under a positive light.
Warped Nests
Authors: Walter Brenda S. Gardenour
Published: September 2023

This chapter argues that conservative fears of modernity, including women’s liberation, the sexual revolution, and the dissolution of the patriarchal family home are embodied in the domestic architecture of 1970s American giallo films. Characterized by graphic violence, fragmentation, doubling, and the failure of patriarchal authority, three American gialli, Alice Sweet Alice (1976), Private Parts (1972), and The Eyes of Laura Mars (1978) center on single women in alternative families who live in non-traditional and communal housing in city neighborhoods. Unlike the mid-century construction of the suburban cis-het nuclear family home as a site of patriarchal ordering and containment, the urban domestic scenes in each of these films is a site of matriarchal disorder and slippage. This female-coded domestic architecture is not only leaky, but also duplicitous in its structure, with seemingly-placid façades masking fragmented and misshapen interiors—warped nests that reflect the disordered bodies hidden within.
“Beauty is the Only Thing”
Authors: Warden Connor John
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the relationship between sexuality and horror dynamics within American giallo and neo-giallo cinema. In particular, it chooses to focus on two films: Brian De Palma’s Body Double; and Nicolas Winding Refn’s The Neon Demon, which it argues exists within the American tradition of giallo more firmly than any European or Latin lineage. Each of these films places emphasis on the role played by beauty and sexual pursuit, at times overshadowing the horror aspects of these films.
A Personal Introduction
Authors: Pigee Vera
Published: September 2023

Vera Pigee narrates her childhood and family life before she assumed a leadership position. She explains the influence of her mother, her marriage to Paul Pigee, and the situations facing African Americans in Mississippi
NAACP Youth and Branches Activities
Authors: Pigee Vera
Published: September 2023

Vera Pigee narrates how she became involved with the NAACP and the Youth Councils at the state and local level, and the work she did in the organization to elevate the youth and to protect them, when very few dared to organize in Mississippi.
C.O.F.O.
Authors: Pigee Vera
Published: September 2023

Vera Pigee explains her hesitation to new organizations joining the NAACP campaigns and the inter-organizational conflicts and misunderstanding that ensued as COFO coordinated events and campaigns.
F.B.I.
Authors: Pigee Vera
Published: September 2023

Vera Pigee describes her interactions with the FBI in Clarksdale outlining the distrust she had in their protection given their words and actions. She ends the section critiquing the administration of federal programs that did not value local knowledge and those on the frontlines for years.
Individual Institutions
Authors: Pigee Vera
Published: September 2023

Vera Pigee describes three of the key people she holds as most important in the civil rights movement and her story and whose stories are not known. She then highlights key moments that shaped the local movement and shares an interview she conducted in order to present another point of view.
Politicians—Then and Now
Authors: SMITH J. W.
Published: September 2023

Vera Pigee interviews some of those in office during her civil rights activist years in Clarksdale, asking about their opinions on the movement, their actions, and whether their attitudes had changed in the years since.
Summary
Authors: Pigee Vera
Published: September 2023

Vera Pigee reinforces the importance of the NAACP in the civil rights movement and the advancements made. She underscores the importance of her autobiography to educate the youth about what happened in the movement and what she considered real leadership that made the difference with the first-hand account.
The Development of the Music School at Tuskegee Institute
Authors: Malone Mark Hugh
Published: September 2023

A discussion of William Dawson’s return to Tuskegee Institute in late 1930 to establish a School of Music in the newly added 4-year college curriculum at his Alma Mater is the thrust of Chapter Two. Equipped with a Master’s degree in composition, Dawson’s vision for a comprehensive music education, as well as attracting a world-class faculty to Tuskegee, invigorated the young composer/musician for twenty-five years. Along with Dawson, among the notable music faculty were: nationally known soprano Abbie Mitchell, vocal recording artist Florence Cole-Talbert, and pianist Portia Washington Pittman, daughter of the founder of Tuskegee, Booker T. Washington. Despite Dawson’s wise leadership, the School of Music did not flourish due to the constraints of the Great Depression and the private status of the college.
Dawson the Composer
Authors: Malone Mark Hugh
Published: September 2023

As a composer, Dawson strove to be the voice of his people, using the culturally rich tones and drawing on his own history of musical experiences as a child in Anniston, Alabama. While a student at Tuskegee Institute, Dawson learned of Antonin Dvořák’s selection of African American folk songs as the “true” essence of an American musical sound and embarked on a mission to set the Folk Song of the American Negro (which many refer to as “spirituals”) for choirs and instruments. During his constant effort to study the history of music first created in America by his enslaved ancestors, Dawson composed from his historical expertise, his advanced study of music theory/composition, and from his heart. Dawson’s arrangement of African American spirituals began in earnest while he taught music at Lincoln High School (LHS) in Kansas City, Missouri and continued throughout his lifetime. It was at LHS that Dawson would meet visual artist Aaron Douglas and form a lasting friendship. In addition to the arrangement of folk songs such as “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot,” “Ezekiel Saw de Wheel,” “Ain-a That Good News,” and others, Dawson became only the second African American to compose a symphony. Entitled, Negro Folk Symphony, the work was premiered by Leopold Stokowski and the Philadelphia Orchestra in 1934.
The Safety of Space in Nnedi Okorafor’s The Book of Phoenix and Binti
Authors: Marotta Melanie A.
Published: September 2023

Nnedi Okorafor has significantly contributed to the areas of both Afrofuturism and YA literature with her body of work. Her novels and now her novellas (the Binti series) revolve around an exceptional adolescent female of African descent (Okorafor’s Nigerian background is reflected in her characters). Okorafor has her female protagonist venture on the traditional quest of exploration, so that she may establish her identity. Throughout her journey, the female protagonist places great emphasis on her attachment to the land and her community.
Estudo da integração da unidade lexical “placenta” ao léxico português
Authors: Borges Luana da Silva , Maroneze Bruno Oliveira
Published: September 2023

O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a integração da unidade lexical placenta na língua portuguesa, com vistas à elaboração do verbete placenta do Dicionário Histórico de Termos da Biologia (Maroneze; Rio-Torto, 2023). Para isso, trazemos uma discussão teórico-metodológica a respeito da Etimologia e da Neologia, entendendo que a integração de uma unidade lexical envolve a descrição do momento em que ela foi considerada um neologismo. Assim, descrevemos os empregos de placenta no latim da Antiguidade e no latim moderno e científico, mostrando como seu significado passou de “torta ou bolo achatado” para “órgão da gravidez”. Em seguida, analisamos as primeiras ocorrências da unidade na língua portuguesa, evidenciando seus empregos neológicos (no início do século XVIII), até o momento em que deixa de ser sentida como novidade, com a inserção em obras lexicográficas (fim do século XVIII) e a formação de derivados (séculos XIX e XX). Por fim, apresentamos o percurso diacrônico resumido e a proposta de verbete que integrará o referido dicionário.
La gare de Mons et le territoire
Authors: Bourez Olivier , Mawet Marc
Published: September 2023

Tandis qu’ailleurs la recherche par le projet se cherche, Olivier Bourez et Marc Mawet fournissent, dans ce troisième numéro « hors série » des pages du laa, les arguments logiques et graphiques d’une exemplaire « critique par le projet ». Celle-ci consiste à montrer par le biais d’une proposition inédite qu’il existe une autre possibilité que celle d’abord envisagée, et qu’à l’aune de cette autre possibilité la première s’avère inadéquate ou inopportune.

La critique porte en l’occurrence sur la nouvelle gare de Mons, ouvrage en cours de réalisation dû à l’architecte et ingénieur espagnol Santiago Calatrava. De manière implacable, elle révèle une « occasion manquée » et, par là même, accuse les défauts d’une architecture autoréférentielle.

Olivier Bourez et Marc Mawet sont architectes. Le premier enseigne le projet d’architecture à la Faculté d’architecture, d’ingénierie architecturale, d’urbanisme de l’UCLouvain, le second enseigne la même matière à la Faculté d’architecture La Cambre Horta de l’ULB. Ensemble, ils dirigent l’agence d’architecture Matador (www.matador.be).
On intervals
Authors: Montalbetti Mario
Published: September 2023

Le 15 avril 2019, la cathédrale Notre Dame de Paris prend feu ! L’incendie provoque, on le sait, un énorme émoi proportionnel à la charge des mémoires qui habitent l’édifice : le christianisme, les maîtres bâtisseurs du gothique, la Nation hypostasiée, la littérature et d’autres. Le président Macron et les très grandes fortunes de France tentent de transformer la catastrophe en effet d’aubaine et d’y capter quelques fragments de la hauteur morale qui leur manque.

Le 26 avril, 11 jours plus tard, Alain Badiou donne une conférence à l’Université de Louvain. Il revient sur l’incendie et analyse patiemment les multiples échos et effets de ce qu’il nomme un « accident architectural ». Il conclut sa conférence en énonçant abruptement, au titre de définition : “L’Architecture devrait être … comme une espèce d’intervalle violent entre le Réel et le Symbolique.” Le 20 février 2020, 10 mois plus tard, Mario Montalbetti donne une conférence à l’Université de Louvain qui s’arrime à la déclaration d’Alain Badiou qu’il commente à partir de ses propres positions, celle de poète et celle de linguiste.

Mario Montalbetti est linguiste, poète et essayiste. Docteur en linguistique (MIT, avec Noam Chomsky), il est professeur principal au Departamento de Humanidades de la Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru (PUCP). Il est membre fondateur de la revue Hueso Humero. Ses œuvres poétiques ont été réunies dans Lejos de mi decirles (Aldus, 2013). Il a publié également lacan arquitectura, avec Jean Stillemans (PUCP, 2009), Cualquier hombre es une isla (Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2014), El mas crudo invierno (Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2016), Cajas (Colecion Decir Arquitectura, PUCP, 2017), Epiciclos, avec Marc Belderbos ( Colecion Decir Arquitectura, PUCP, 2018), Notas para un seminario sobre Foucault (Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2018), El pensiamento del poema(Marginalia Editores, 2019). Les pages du laa ont publié en 2009 « Ce que Lacan n’a pas dit (sur l’architecture) est aussi organisé comme ce qu’il a dit (sur le langage) ».
Figure du fond
Authors: Stillemans Jean
Published: September 2023

Quelque chose de l’architecture échappe et résiste, qui ne permet pas de l’assortir à une procédure singulière de ce mode d’établissement de l’humain que supporte le langage. Et ce quelque chose, qui est par nécessité « autre » que le langage, tient à sa puissance d’indiff érence et de disparition, à sa manière de se faire fond face ou aux côtés du cours discriminant de l’ordre symbolique. Or, ce qui se tapit et demeure au fond ne peut prétendre advenir sous l’excellence du beau, lui qui resplendit en sa capacité à cristalliser en une unité souveraine. Hegel, à cet égard, nous a porté un secours précieux. N’a-t-il pas, au terme de la métaphysique qu’il pensait achever, écarté l’architecture du beau idéal ? Tout au moins, ne l’a-t-il pas placée au seuil du beau, à distance de la sculpture qui accomplit la plénitude du beau, mais surtout à la plus grande distance possible du concept, c’est-à-dire au plus loin de la capacité discriminante du verbe ?
Voir le monde : la theoria pour soutenir la symmetria avec le cosmos
Authors: Sahin Burat Esra
Published: September 2023

Théorie et symétrie ! Ces mots menés et malmenés depuis que les architectes ont endossé la mission de spéculer sont scrutés par Esra Şahin Burat dans l'article : "Voir le monde : la theoria pour soutenir la symmetria avec le cosmos".L'auteure mène une enquête minutieuse qui éclaire la genèse des effets que les deux mots ont produit dans nos langues. Si la théorie vise un écart pris à l'égard de la situation opaque du monde pour mieux y revenir, la symétrie (au sens de commensurabilité) postule l'existence effective ou souhaitée (aux plans éthique et esthétique) de communes mesures. Au bout du compte, c'est l'ordre même du cosmos qu'il s'agit de confirmer ou de corriger."Grâce à un partage approprié (juste) des éléments et des qualités environnantes, la symmetria établit et met au jour la commensurabilité de l’édifice avec son milieu. En reliant les mesures visibles de l’édifice à celles du contexte, l’usage vitruvien de la symmetria renvoyait encore à la juste proportion des traits par rapport à une réalité préexistante et plus large que l’édifice. En cela, la symmetria de Vitruve s’opposait au sens moderne qui lui a été donné dans le commentaire de Charles Perrault sur les Dix livres."
Marco conceptual de la identificacion y estimacion de las brechas de competencias laborales y las brechas de capital humano
Authors: Prieto Bustos William Orlando , Manrique Johanna
Published: September 2023

El capítulo realiza una revisión crítica de literatura relacionada con la definición, medición y estimación de las brechas de competencias laborales. La primera parte del capítulo discute la definición y la estimación haciendo especial énfasis en las brechas como desajustes entre el nivel educativo y las habilidades de un individuo y los requerimientos educativos y de desempeño en las funciones de un puesto de trabajo, manteniendo constante el cambio tecnológico. La segunda parte presenta una revisión sobre la política educativa orientada a la gestión de habilidades en respuesta a los desajustes identificados en las brechas de competencias. Las principales conclusiones de la revisión señalan la existencia de al menos tres diferentes desajustes de competencias laborales relacionados con: (1) la desarticulación entre los niveles educativos del trabajador y los niveles educativos esperados para desempeñarse en un puesto de trabajo determinado; (2) el desajuste entre el campo educativo al cual pertenece el puesto de trabajo y el campo educativo del trabajador; y (3) la falta de coherencia entre las habilidades requeridas por el puesto de trabajo y las habilidades del trabajador. En particular, los resultados de la medición pueden catalogarse como sobreeducación y subcalificación cuando el nivel educativo del trabajador se encuentra por encima del nivel educativo requerido y cuando el nivel educativo se encuentra por debajo de los niveles requeridos, respectivamente. Las implicaciones económicas de los desajustes identificados afectan la determinación de salarios, la satisfacción de los trabajadores, la productividad laboral y la eficiencia organizacional de las empresas. Por otro lado, en la medición de las brechas de competencias laborales sobresalen tres aspectos relevantes: (1) las brechas de habilidades en comparación con las brechas de educación afectan la satisfacción de los ocupados; (2) las brechas de competencias laborales presentan comportamientos distintos al controlar por género con mayor recurrencia en el género femenino; y (3) si bien el incremento en los niveles educativos pueden reducir la frecuencia de los desajustes laborales, existe un nivel de habilidades básico relevante para ingresar al mercado de trabajo. En tal sentido, la teoría del capital humano y la existencia de un costo de oportunidad en la adquisición de habilidades básicas de participación en el mercado de trabajo están directamente asociadas a la existencia de desajustes en las competencias laborales, manteniendo todo lo demás igual. Por ende, la política educativarelevante al promover el acceso a la educación y la gestión de habilidades sociales relevantes a la participación en el mercado de trabajo contribuyen a la reducción de los desajustes en las competencias laborales.
Conclusiones
Authors: Prieto Bustos William Orlando , Castillo Robayo Cristian Darío , Herrera García Valentina , Manrique Johanna , Jaramillo María Camila
Published: September 2023

La revisión crítica de literatura evidenció la existencia de una muy amplia variedad de temas alrededor de las brechas de habilidades para el trabajo. La economía del conocimiento es la base de la mayoría de trabajos y alrededor de ella se configura la caracterización del comportamiento del mercado laboral: oferta y demanda de trabajadores con diferentes grados de calificación, los salarios asociados, la escasez relativa, los años de educación, el entrenamiento, los requerimientos laborales versus la disponibilidad, los fenómenos de la sobrecalificación y subcalificación, la pérdida o ganancia de vigencia de habilidades y conocimientos dependiendo de las innovaciones incorporadas y la transformación de los cargos, la conexión estrecha entre el sistema educativo, el capital humano y el empleo, la política educativa y la orientación de contenidos, la generación de habilidades laborales básicas y diferentes metodologías de medición.
Brechas de competencias laborales en Cundinamarca
Authors: Prieto Bustos William Orlando , Manrique Johanna , Jaramillo María Camila
Published: September 2023

El mercado de trabajo en el departamento de Cundinamarca ha presentado transformaciones relevantes en las habilidades demandadas por las empresas y las habilidades adquiridas en el sistema educativo. Una de las principales características es el incremento en las oportunidades laborales en el sector de la industria manufacturera y servicios en comparación con el sector de la agricultura. El presente capítulo realiza una estimación de las brechas de competencias laborales para 31 cabeceras municipales del departamento de Cundinamarca. Los índices de brechas de competencias laborales se construyen sobre el marco de referencia de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) comparando el nivel educativo requerido por los puestos de trabajo y el nivel educativo de los individuos ocupados y desempleados. En la construcción de los índices destacan el uso de la Clasificación Internacional de Niveles Educativos (CINE), la Clasificación Internacional Uniforme de Ocupaciones (CUIO) y los datos de la Encuesta Multipropósito para Bogotá y Cundinamarca. Los resultados señalan que el nivel educativo de secundaria presenta el porcentaje más alto de ocupados (44%) y desocupados (59%) desarticulados en el nivel educativo con la ocupación que desempeñan actualmente y la última ocupación que llevaron a cabo. Así mismo, del total de ocupados y desocupados con educación de pregrado, 17% y 11% están desarticulados, mientras en el nivel educativo de postgrado 6% de los ocupados y 2% de los desempleados con dicho nivel educativo están desarticulados de los niveles educativos de la ocupación actual y la última ocupación reportada. Un análisis multivariado no lineal para determinar una caracterización probabilística de los determinantes de las brechas de competencias laborales utilizando modelos Logit arrojó como factores críticos que explican las brechas de competencias la pobreza, la informalidad, el acceso a la educación, la educación de los padres y las condiciones del mercado de trabajo.
Contexto del sector Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)
Authors: Prieto Bustos William Orlando , Castillo Robayo Cristian Darío , Herrera García Valentina
Published: September 2023

El capítulo presenta el contexto internacional del sector BPO, haciendo énfasis en los cambios tecnológicos y organizacionales registrados durante la última década. En la primera parte del capítulo, la evidencia internacional relacionada con la localización del sector y los principales jugadores del mercado permiten destacar a India y China como líderes globales debido a la disponibilidad de un ecosistema digital, entornos de negocios adecuadamente articulados al desarrollo internacional del sector, disponibilidad de mano de obra calificada y acceso a recurso financieros relevantes para la escalabilidad de las iniciativas en el sector BPO. En la segunda parte del capítulo se presenta el sector BPO en Colombia como tercer jugador relevante en América Latina, después de México y Brasil, con una desventaja comparativa en la disponibilidad de mano de obra calificada en competencias requeridas por el sector BPO y un ecosistema digital en desarrollo. A pesar de lo anterior, el crecimiento de las exportaciones y el crecimiento del empleo consolidan al sector BPO como un sector generador de valor agregado y empleo, particularmente para poblaciones que se encuentran en informalidad laboral debido a la existencia de barreras a la entrada en educación formal y experiencia laboral.
Análisis de demanda laboral
Authors: Prieto Bustos William Orlando , Castillo Robayo Cristian Darío , Herrera García Valentina
Published: September 2023

El capítulo presenta una caracterización de la demanda de trabajo en el sector BPO de Colombia. Utilizando los datos de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH), la distribución de ocupaciones permite establecer que la demanda laboral de alto nivel y con responsabilidades de gerencia se abastece de profesionales con títulos universitarios, mientras que la demanda de cargos medios y operativos está orientada hacia educación técnica y tecnológica. A pesar de lo anterior, la demanda de profesionales con títulos universitarios se ha ralentizado comparada con la demanda de educación técnica y tecnológica. En promedio, la experiencia laboral de los ocupados es menor a 12 meses y existe evidencia de competencia por recursos humanos especializados para las tareas operativas de los Call Center y las tareas especializadas en la Consultoría de Informática. En la caracterización de ocupaciones, teniendo en cuenta las tendencias internacionales del sector BPO, existen ocupaciones en transformación y nuevas ocupaciones altamente demandadas con escasez en el mercado de trabajo. Los hallazgos indican que los programas educativos requeridos por las empresas del sector se encuentran en la oferta educativa. Sin embargo, las nuevas oportunidades de negocio en el mercado internacional y en el mercado nacional anticipan una especialización sistemática del sector BPO con transformación en ocupaciones, cargos y competencias. En tal sentido, los cargos críticos por alta demanda y escasez de recursos humanos que experimentan transformación en competencias corresponden a director de cobranza, ingenieros de desarrollo y agente de Call Center bilingüe.
Análisis de oferta educativa
Authors: Prieto Bustos William Orlando , Castillo Robayo Cristian Darío , Herrera García Valentina
Published: September 2023

El capítulo realiza un diagnóstico de la oferta de programas educativos a partir de la distribución de ocupaciones del sector BPO en Colombia. Utilizando diversas fuentes que incluyen la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH), el Observatorio Laboral de la Educación, el Observatorio del Servicio Público de Empleo, y la consulta al sistema de Educación para el Trabajo y el Desarrollo Humano (ETDH) y el Sistema de Información de la Educación Superior (SIES), la demanda laboral satisfecha y la demanda laboral insatisfecha fue contrastada con una caracterización cualitativa de los programas de formación y una caracterización cualitativa de los contenidos curriculares de la oferta de formación. Los resultados señalan la existencia de programas de formación que corresponden a las necesidades de formación, el incremento sostenido en la matrícula de los programas educativos y en el número de egresados a excepción de los programas administrativos, y una relevante gama de objetivos de aprendizaje en los programas similares entre las distintas instituciones educativas que anticipan una importante variedad de competencias laborales para los cargos y puestos de trabajo actualmente demandados por el sector BPO en Colombia. No obstante lo anterior, algunas competencias relacionadas con los cargos nuevos todavía (demanda laboral insatisfecha) no están lo suficientemente desarrolladas en los contenidos curriculares, por lo que se anticipa la existencia de brechas de calidad discutidas en el capítulo 9 de la presente investigación.
Menopausal stage differences in endothelial resistance to ischemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Delgado Spicuzza Jocelyn M. , Proctor David N. , Thijssen Dick H. J. , Somani Yasina B.
Published: September 2023

Background

In postmenopausal women, reduced ovarian function precedes endothelial dysfunction and attenuated endothelial resistance to ischemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury. We hypothesized that IR injury would lower endothelial function, with premenopausal women demonstrating the greatest protection from injury, followed by early, then late postmenopausal women.

Methods

Flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed at baseline and following IR injury in premenopausal (n = 11), early (n = 11; 4 ± 1.6 years since menopause), and late (n = 11; 15 ± 5.5 years since menopause) postmenopausal women.

Results

There were significant group differences in baseline FMD (p = 0.007); post hoc analysis revealed a similar resting FMD between premenopausal (7.8% ± 2.1%) and early postmenopausal (7.1% ± 2.7%), but significantly lower FMD in late postmenopausal women (4.5% ± 2.3%). Results showed an overall decline in FMD after IR injury (p < 0.001), and a significant condition*time interaction (p = 0.048), with early postmenopausal women demonstrating the most significant decline in FMD following IR.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that endothelial resistance to IR injury is attenuated in healthy early postmenopausal women.
Ventilatory efficiency in post‐COVID‐19 athletes
Authors: Komici Klara , Bencivenga Leonardo , Rengo Giuseppe , Bianco Andrea , Guerra Germano
Published: September 2023

Limitation in exercise capacity has not been described in athletes affected by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. However, patients who have recovered from COVID‐19 without cardiopulmonary impairment show exaggerated ventilatory response during exercise. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the ventilatory efficiency (VEf) in competitive athletes recovered from COVID‐19 and to characterize the ventilation versus carbon dioxide relationship (VE/VCO2) slope in this population. Thirty‐seven competitive athletes with COVID‐19 were recruited for this study. All participants underwent spirometry, echocardiography, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). z‐FVC values and end‐title pressure of CO2 (PETCO2) were lower in the third tertile compared with the first tertile: −0.753 ± 0.473 vs. 0.037 ± 0.911, p = 0.05; 42.2 ± 2.7 vs. 37.1 ± 2.5 mmHg, p < 0.01. VE/VCO2 slope was significantly correlated to maximal VCO2/VE and maximal VO2/VE: coefficient = −0.5 R2 = 0.58, p < 0.0001 and coefficient = −0.3 R2 = 0.16, p = 0.008. Competitive athletes affected by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, without cardio‐respiratory disease sequel, may present ventilatory inefficiency (ViE), without exercise capacity limitation. FVC is higher in athletes with better ventilatory performance during exercise, and increased VE/VCO2 slope is inversely correlated to max VCO2/VE and max VO2/VE.
Body mass index evolution and ovarian function in adolescent girls who received GnRH agonist treatment for central precocious puberty or early and fast puberty
Authors: Buyukyilmaz Gonul , Koca Serkan Bilge , Adiguzel Keziban Toksoy , Gurbuz Fatih , Boyraz Mehmet
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) has been used for central precocious puberty (CPP) or early and fast puberty. It was aimed to assess changes in body mass index (BMI), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) frequency, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in girls who had been treated with GnRHa.

Methods

Fifty-eight adolescent girls treated with GnRHa for CPP or early and fast puberty (3.75 mg/28 days), between 2011 and 2015, were re-evaluated in 2020–2022 at least 2 years after menstruation. Hormonal analyses were compared with 51 healthy adolescents.

Results

In the GnRHa-treated group, a statistically significant increase was observed when the BMI standard deviation score (SDS) at the beginning of the treatment was compared with the BMI SDS at the end of the treatment (p=0.038). A statistically significant decrease was observed when the BMI SDS at the end of the treatment was compared with the BMI SDS in late adolescence (p=0.012). When the BMI SDS at the beginning of the treatment was compared with the BMI SDS in late adolescence, it was observed that there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.196). Of the 58 girls in the GnRHa-treated group, 8 (14 %) had PCOS. Serum AMH levels did not differ between the GnRHa-treated and the control group.

Conclusions

GnRHa treatment causes no adverse effect on BMI, at least in late adolescence. Girls treated with GnRHa were not found to be prone to developing PCOS. AMH levels were similar in the GnRHa-treated group as in the control group.
The antihypertensive felodipine shows synergistic activity with immune checkpoint blockade and inhibits tumor growth via NFAT1 in LUSC
Authors: Liang Si-Yu , Xiao Hong-Kai
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of felodipine in lung cancer therapy. Murine subcutaneous lung squamous cancer (LUSC) models constructed by KLN-205 cells were utilized to assess the effect of felodipine monotherapy and in combination with the programmed cell death protein 1 antibody (PD1ab) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4ab). Immunohistochemistry analysis was subsequently applied to detect the number of CD8+ T cells and Ki67+ cells. Lastly, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of felodipine on human LUSC cells and explore the preliminary mechanism underlying felodipine inhibition. The results revealed that felodipine monotherapy exerted a significant inhibitory effect on LUSC growth and synergistic antitumoral activity with PD1ab and CTLA4ab. Meanwhile, immunohistochemistry analysis displayed that felodipine promoted CD8+ T-cell infiltration and downregulated Ki67 expression in tumor cells. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo experiments utilizing human LUSC cells determined that felodipine impaired the proliferative and migratory abilities of cancer cells. In addition, TCGA data analysis uncovered that nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT1) expression was positively correlated with overall survival and disease-free survival. Finally, the cell counting kit-8 assay signaled that felodipine might suppress tumor growth by modulating NFAT1.
Cooperatives in insolvency and liquidation - an overview of recent case law developments (2021 - 2023)
Authors: Kling Michael
Published: September 2023

Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt die neuere Rechtsprechung zu Genossenschaften in Insolvenz und Liquidation zum Anlass, die Grundsätze der fehlerhaften Gesellschaft in den Blick zu nehmen. Deren drastische Rechtsfolgen - Fortgeltung der Pflicht der Genossenschaftsmitglieder zur Zahlung rückständiger Einlagen und Kündigungsmöglichkeit der Gesellschaft lediglich für die Zukunft - werden durch diese Rechtsprechung erneut vollumfänglich bestätigt. Umstritten ist jedoch die Befugnis des Insolvenzverwalters zur Geltendmachung rückständiger Pflichteiträge, sofern das Gesellschaftsvermögen zur Befriedigung der Gesellschaftsgläubiger ausreicht. Ferner wird untersucht, ob investierende Mitglieder ihren Zeichnungsschaden gegenüber dem für die Gründungsprüfung zuständigen genossenschaftlichen Prüfverband geltend machen können. Diese Möglichkeit scheitert regelmäßig an den sehr strengen Haftungsvoraussetzungen.
Deu um nó na minha cabeça
Authors: Martins Malüe Eduarda , Mielke Varzim Marta , Gomes Cardozo Tiffani , Neuenfeld Munhoz Tiago , Luz Levandowski Mateus
Published: September 2023

Este trabalho foi elaborado pelas estudantes Eduarda Malüe, Marta Mielke Varzim e Tiffani Cardozo do curso de Psicologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) em razão da suspensão do calendário letivo regular devido a pandemia do novo coronavírus em 2020. O trabalho foi elaborado durante o projeto de ensino “Estresse e Saúde” vinculado ao Núcleo de Saúde Mental, Cognição e Comportamento (NEPSI). O projeto foi coordenado pelos professores Mateus Luz Levandowski e Tiago Neuenfeld Munhoz, ambos vinculados ao curso de Psicologia. Foram três livros elaborados (Série Coronavírus) tendo como objetivo apresentar, de forma lúdica e em linguagem acessível, conhecimentos teóricos e científicos do campo da saúde mental com foco na atenção de crianças e famílias. O foco do trabalho foi o período da pandemia, no entanto, suas contribuições poderão auxiliar crianças e famílias em diferentes momentos. Este livro traz um conteúdo sobre as mudanças nas formas de ensino e aprendizado durante a pandemia de COVID-19. O livro traz as possíveis reações das crianças e sua família, assim como a percepção da dificuldade de atenção e ansiedade decorrente dessa nova realidade.
Da tutela à luta pela autonomia
Authors: Bronz Deborah
Published: September 2023

Ao considerar a importância da pesca artesanal para a economia familiar e a reprodução de modos de vida e práticas culturais de uma grande quantidade de comunidades situadas em todo território nacional, este ensaio procura recuperar a forma como pescadores e pescadoras se relacionaram historicamente com o Estado brasileiro. A análise das políticas governamentais e regulações da pesca até os dias de hoje pode iluminar nossa compreensão sobre os modos como estes/as foram se constituindo como sujeitos das políticas de Estado e formulando as pautas de sua luta por direitos. Diferentes direcionamentos alicerçaram as políticas governamentais da pesca ao longo do tempo.  Mais recentemente, a vinculação entre as políticas da pesca e as políticas de proteção ambiental se apresenta como uma alternativa importante à manutenção dos modos de vida tradicionais ligados à pesca artesanal. A análise mais abrangente das políticas estatais e das formas de organização política de pescadores/as é complementada pela visão particular de três importantes lideranças, pessoas que participaram ativamente das lutas pelo reconhecimento de seus direitos no Brasil.
Recommendations Emerging from Carbon Emissions Estimations of the Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting
Authors: Kay Caroline , Kuper Rob , Becker Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2023

The annual Society for Neuroscience (SfN) meeting yields significant, measurable impacts that conflict with the environmental commitment of the Society and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recommendations to address the climate emergency (IPCC, 2018). We used 12,761 presenters’ origins, two online carbon calculators, and benchmark values to estimate 2018 meeting-related travel, event venue operations, and hotel accommodation emissions. Presenters’ conference travel resulted in between 17,298 and 8690 tons of atmospheric carbon dioxide (t CO2), with or without radiative forcing index factors. Over 92% of authors traveled by air and were responsible for >99% of total travel-related emissions. Extrapolations based on 28,691 registrants yielded between 69,592.60 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (t CO2e) and 38,010.85 t CO2from travel. Comparatively, authors’ and registrants’ hotel accommodation emissions equaled 429 and 965 t CO2e, whereas operation of the San Diego Convention Center equaled ∼107 t CO2e. We relate SfN meeting-related emissions to potential September Arctic Sea ice loss, labor productivity loss in lower-income equatorial countries, and future temperature-related deaths. We estimate emissions reductions of between 23% and 78% by incentivizing between 10% and 50% of the most distant registrants to attend virtually or connecting between two and seven in-person hubs virtually. Completely virtual meetings may yield a reduction of >99% relative to centralized in-person meetings and increase participation of women, queer and transgender scientists, and scientists from low- and middle-income countries. We strongly recommend adopting alternative meeting modes such as four or more in-person global hubs connected virtually by 2030 and fully virtual by 2050.
Exploring the impact of Bi2O3 addition on the thermal properties and crystallization behavior of lead borosilicate glasses
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, 8 Gagarin Avenue, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine, Hordieiev Yu. S. , Zaichuk A. V. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, 8 Gagarin Avenue, Dnipro, 49005, Ukraine
Published: September 2023

Novel heavy-metal oxide glasses with different compositions, specifically (80-x)PbO– xBi2O3–10B2O3–10SiO2, where x ranges from 0 to 60 mol%, were synthesized using a conventional melt-quenching technique. The amorphous nature of these glasses was confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis. Additionally, infrared spectra were obtained for the prepared samples to explore their structural characteristics. Differential thermal analysis was performed to investigate the characteristic temperatures of the glasses, including the glass transition temperature, melting temperature, onset crystallization temperature, and peak crystallization temperature. The addition of Bi2O3 shifts the characteristic temperatures to higher values and affects the crystallization process and phases formed. Parameters like ΔT, KH, and KSP are used to evaluate and quantify glass stability. Dilatometric measurements demonstrated that substituting PbO with Bi2O3 in the glass composition resulted in an increase in glass transition temperature and dilatometric softening temperature, as well as a decrease in the coefficient of thermal expansion. Furthermore, we determined the density and calculated the molar volume of the samples. These findings deepen our understanding of the thermal behavior, glass stability, and structure-property relationships in lead borosilicate glasses with Bi2O3, facilitating the development and customization of glass compositions with desired thermal and physical characteristics for specific applications.
Defects passivation and H-diffusion controlled by emitter region in polysilicon solar cells submitted to hydrogen plasma
Authors:   Physics of Materials and Optoelectronic Components Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Applied Sciences, Bouira University, P.O Box 10000 Bouira, Algeria, Mahdid S. , Belfennache D. ,   Research Center in Industrial Technologies CRTI, P.O. Box 64, Cheraga, 16014 Algiers, Algeria, Madi D. ,   Physics of Materials and Optoelectronic Components Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Applied Sciences, Bouira University, P.O Box 10000 Bouira, Algeria, Samah M. ,   A. Mira University of Bejaia, Road of Targa Ouzemour, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria, Yekhlef R. ,   Research Center in Industrial Technologies CRTI, P.O. Box 64, Cheraga, 16014 Algiers, Algeria, Benkrima Y. ,   Ecole Normale Supérieure de Ouargla, 30000 Ouargla, Algeria
Published: September 2023

A significant cost reduction in photovoltaic cells could be achieved if they could be made from thin polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films. Despite hydrogenation treatments of poly-Si films are necessary to obtain high energy conversion, the role of the n+ emitter on defects passivation via hydrogen diffusion in n+pp+ polysilicon solar cells is not yet understood thoroughly. In this connection, influence of hydrogenation temperature and doping level of the n+ emitter on open-circuit voltage (VOC) were analyzed. It was found that VOC greatly improved by a factor of 2.9 and reached up to 430 mV at a microwave plasma power and hydrogenation temperature of 650 W and 400°C, respectively for a duration of 60 min. Moreover, slow cooling is more advantageous for high VOC compared to the rapid cooling. However, etching of the emitter region was observed, and this degradation is similar for both cooling methods. Furthermore, annealing of the hydrogenated cells in inert gas for 30 min revealed a slight increase in VOC, which reached 40-80 mV, depending on the annealing temperature. These results were explained by hydrogen atoms diffusing into the bulk of the material from subsurface defects that are generated during plasma hydrogenation process. Also, our findings show clearly that VOC values are much higher for a less doped phosphorus emitter compared to that of heavily doped. The origin of these behaviors was clarified in detail.