bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antecedent presentation of neurological phenotypes in the Collaborative Cross reveals four classes with complex sex-dependencies
Authors: Eldridge Raena , Osorio Daniel , Amstalden Katia , Edwards Caitlin , Young Colin R. , Cai James J. , Konganti Kranti , Hillhouse Andrew , Threadgill David W. , Welsh C. Jane , Brinkmeyer-Langford Candice
Published: May 2020

Antecedent viral infection may contribute to increased susceptibility to several neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. Variation in clinical presentations of these diseases is often associated with gender, genetic background, or a combination of these and other factors. The complicated etiologies of these virally influenced diseases are difficult to study in conventional laboratory mouse models, which display a very limited number of phenotypes. We have used the genetically and phenotypically diverse Collaborative Cross mouse panel to examine complex neurological phenotypes after viral infection. Female and male mice from 18 CC strains were evaluated using a multifaceted phenotyping pipeline to define their unique disease profiles following infection with Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus, a neurotropic virus. We identified 4 distinct disease progression profiles based on limb-specific paresis and paralysis, tremors and seizures, and other clinical signs, along with separate gait profiles. We found that mice of the same strain had more similar profiles compared to those of different strains, and also identified strains and phenotypic parameters in which sex played a significant role in profile differences. These results demonstrate the value of using CC mice for studying complex disease subtypes influenced by sex and genetic background. Our findings will be useful for developing novel mouse models of virally induced neurological diseases with heterogenous presentation, an important step for designing personalized, precise treatments.
The role of Staphylococcus aureus lipoproteins in hematogenous septic arthritis
Authors: Mohammad Majd , Hu Zhicheng , Ali Abukar , Kopparapu Pradeep Kumar , Na Manli , Jarneborn Anders , Stroparo Mariana do Nascimento , Nguyen Minh-Thu , Karlsson Anna , Götz Friedrich , Pullerits Rille , Jin Tao
Published: May 2020

Permanent joint dysfunction is a devastating complication in patients with septic arthritis. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) lipoproteins (Lpp), the predominant ligands for TLR2, are known to be arthritogenic and induce bone destruction when introduced directly into the joint. Here, we aim to investigate the importance of S. aureus Lpp and TLR2 in a hematogenous septic arthritis model, which is the most common route of infection in humans. C57BL/6 wild-type and TLR2 deficient mice were intravenously inoculated with S. aureus Newman parental strain or its lipoprotein-deficient Δlgt mutant strain. The clinical course of septic arthritis, radiological changes, and serum levels of cytokines and chemokines, were assessed. Newman strain induced more severe and frequent clinical septic polyarthritis compared to its Δlgt mutant in TLR2 deficient mice, but not in wild-type controls. Bone destruction, however, did not differ between groups. Lpp expression was associated with higher mortality, weight loss as well as impaired bacterial clearance in mouse kidneys independent of TLR2. Furthermore, Lpp expression induced increased systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine and neutrophil chemokine release. Staphylococcal Lpp are potent virulence factors in S. aureus systemic infection independent of host TLR2 signalling. However, they have a limited impact on bone erosion in hematogenous staphylococcal septic arthritis.
First-In-Human Phase 1 Clinical Trials – A Single-Center Experience In The Era Of Modern Oncotherapeutics
Authors: Paluri Ravi K. , Li Peng , Anderson Ashley , Nandagopal Lakshminarayana , McArdle Traci , Young Matthew , Robert Franscisco , Naik Gurudatta , Saleh Mansoor
Published: May 2020

In the era of precision medicine the treatment options for cancer patients and subsequent outcomes are expected to improve. We present a review of patients enrolled in first-in-human Phase1 trials at University of Alabama at Birmingham. Between 1/2015–6/2017, 162 cancer patients (whole cohort, WC) were enrolled on phase1 studies receiving either targeted therapy (TT) or immuno-therapy (IOT). We assessed 90 day mortality (90DM) and time to treatment failure (TTF) to determine the predictors. Of the WC (122 (TT), 40 (IOT)), 90 (56%) received ≥ 2 prior therapies and 38 (24%) ⩾ 5 prior therapies. Overall, Grade 3 or 4 events were observed in 33% (WC) vs 31% (TT) vs 38% (IOT). The 90DM was 9.3% (WC) vs 7.4% (TT) vs 15% (IOT). The median TTF was 4.2 months vs 4.5 m vs 3.6 m. The number of lines of prior therapy and performance status were identified as outcome predictors. Our data reflects the new trend in precision oncology where majority received non-cytotoxic therapeutic interventions. The observation that number of lines of prior therapy and performance status predictive of PFS and 90DM emphasizes the need to consider phase1 trials earlier, preferably upon progression following definitive therapy.
Short rehabilitation training program may improve postural control in children with autism spectrum disorders: preliminary evidences
Authors: Caldani Simona , Atzori Paola , Peyre Hugo , Delorme Richard , Bucci Maria Pia
Published: May 2020

Autism Spectrum Disorders subjects (ASD) is characterized by postural control deficits. This study aimed to explore the effect of a short postural rehabilitation training program on postural capabilities in children with ASD. Two groups (G1 and G2) of twenty children with ASD of IQ-, sex- and age- matched (mean age 11.7 ± 2.4 years) were included in this study. Posture was recorded by using the Balance Quest from Framiral on unstable platform in three different viewing conditions. The rehabilitation program consisted in two distinct postural control training exercises. Postural recordings were performed twice at T1 and T2 for both groups of children. Between T1 and T2 a 6-minute postural training was performed by the G1 group only, while the G2 group had a 6-minute of rest. Children were allocated randomly to the G1 or G2 groups. At T1, postural instability was similar for both groups of ASD children (G1 and G2) desp+\ite viewing conditions. At T2, we observed an improvement of postural control related to a mixed effect of training rehabilitation but also of test-retest. Knowing the potential of new rehabilitation strategies, the impact of postural control deficit in ASD children needs to be reconsidered. Well design case-control studies are requested to ensure scientific validity of postural rehabilitation training program.
Author Correction: Hibernation induces widespread transcriptional remodeling in metabolic tissues of the grizzly bear
Authors: Jansen Heiko T. , Trojahn Shawn , Saxton Michael W. , Quackenbush Corey R. , Evans Hutzenbiler Brandon D. , Nelson O. Lynne , Cornejo Omar E. , Robbins Charles T. , Kelley Joanna L.
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Temperature-controlled hydrothermal synthesis of γ-MnOOH, Mn3O4 and MnCO3 on a carbon cloth for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Meng Shujuan , Su Qiong , Zhang Ping , Sun Wanhong , Wang Yanbin
Published: May 2020

In this study, a reaction temperature-controlled synthesis of γ-MnOOH, Mn3O4 and MnCO3 (and also their mixture) on carbon cloth via a hydrothermal method is investigated, and the formation mechanism is discussed.
Spatially heterogeneous dynamics of cells in a growing tumor spheroid: comparison between theory and experiments
Authors: Sinha Sumit , Malmi-Kakkada Abdul N. , Li Xin , Samanta Himadri S. , Thirumalai D.
Published: May 2020

Spatially heterogenous dynamics inside a growing tumor spheroid.
Sensitive NMR method for detecting carbohydrate influx into competing chemocatalytic pathways
Authors: Elliot Samuel G. , Jessen Bo M. , Taarning Esben , Madsen Robert , Meier Sebastian
Published: May 2020

Mechanistic pathway studies in sustainable chemistry can be accelerated and have increased information content through the indirect detection of isotope-tracking experiments upon reduction of quaternary carbon sites.
Microfluidic device fabrication mediated by surface chemical bonding
Authors: Sivakumar Rajamanickam , Lee Nae Yoon
Published: May 2020

This review discusses on various bonding techniques for fabricating microdevices with a special emphasis on the modification of surface assisted by the use of chemicals to assemble microfluidic devices at room temperature under atmospheric pressure.
Construction of a novel electrochemical biosensor based on a mesoporous silica/oriented graphene oxide planar electrode for detecting hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Lu Kun-Chao , Wang Ji-Kui , Lin Dong-Hai , Chen Xue , Yin Shi-Yu , Chen Guo-Song
Published: May 2020

A constant magnetic field (CMF) was used to arrange the orientation of graphene oxide (GO) which was modified on a self-made screen-printed electrode.
Biomedical analysis of exosomes using biosensing methods: recent progress
Authors: Kholafazad Kordasht Houman , Hasanzadeh Mohammad
Published: May 2020

Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are produced in the endosomal compartments of most eukaryotic cells; they play important roles in intercellular communication in diverse cellular processes and transmit different types of biomolecules.
Wheat pathogenZymoseptoria tritici N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors: on-target antifungal activity and an unusual metabolic defense mechanism
Authors: Fedoryshchak Roman O. , Ocasio Cory A. , Strutton Benjamin , Mattocks Jo , Corran Andrew J. , Tate Edward W.
Published: May 2020

Investigation of the downstream effects of NMT inhibition identified novel defense mechanism against chemical toxicity in fungal pathogenZ. tritici.
Leaping across the visible range: near-infrared-to-violet photon upconversion employing a silyl-substituted anthracene
Authors: Haruki Rena , Sasaki Yoichi , Masutani Kouta , Yanai Nobuhiro , Kimizuka Nobuo
Published: May 2020

The first example of near-infrared (NIR, λ > 700 nm)-to-violet (λ < 450 nm) photon upconversion based on triplet–triplet annihilation is achieved by developing a silyl-substituted anthracene violet emitter with a low triplet energy level.
[3+2] cycloaddition reaction of metallacyclopropene with nitrosonium ion: isolation of aromatic metallaisoxazole
Authors: Luo Ming , Sui Yanheng , Lin Xinlei , Zhu Congqing , Yan Zhewei , Ruan Yonghong , Zhang Hong , Xia Haiping
Published: May 2020

The [3+2] cycloaddition of metallacyclopropene with nitrosonium ion gives the first aromatic osmaisoxazole-fused osmapentalene.
A genetically encoded small-size fluorescent pair reveals allosteric conformational changes of G proteins upon its interaction with GPCRs by fluorescence lifetime based FRET
Authors: Shi Pan , Zhang Yanan , Lv Pei , Fang Wei , Ling Shenglong , Guo Xiaoqi , Li Dong , Liu Sanling , Sun Demeng , Zhang Longhua , Liu Dongsheng , Zheng Ji-Shen , Tian Changlin
Published: May 2020

A genetically encoded small-size fluorescent pair to reveal the conformational changes of G proteins upon binding GPCRs by fluorescence lifetime based FRET.
Operando vibrational spectroscopy for electrochemical biomass valorization
Authors: Heidary Nina , Kornienko Nikolay
Published: May 2020

Operando spectroscopy to accelerate the development of biomass valorization catalysts is reviewed in this feature article.
A cucurbit[6]uril-based supramolecular assembly as a highly sensitive and quickly responsive luminescent sensor for the detection of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in simulated wastewater
Authors: Shi Lulu , Liu Mei , Li Hui
Published: May 2020

A highly sensitive and quickly responsive CB[6]-based supramolecular assembly was synthesized and used to detect antibiotics through luminescence quenching.
Promoting effect of tungsten carbide on the catalytic activity of Cu for CO2reduction
Authors: Koverga Andrey A. , Flórez Elizabeth , Dorkis Ludovic , Rodriguez José A.
Published: May 2020

Supporting Cu atoms on WC(0001) surfaces stabilizes CO2molecules relative to Cu(111), promoting the CO2catalytic activity on Cu/WC(0001).
Fine structure in the solution state 13C-NMR spectrum of C60 and its endofullerene derivatives
Authors: Bacanu George Razvan , Hoffman Gabriela , Amponsah Michael , Concistrè Maria , Whitby Richard J. , Levitt Malcolm H.
Published: May 2020

The 13C NMR spectrum of C60 in solution showing the additional side peaks from double-13C isotopomers.
DFT insight into axial ligand effects on electronic structure and mechanistic reactivity of oxoiron(iv) porphyrin
Authors: Ma Zhifeng , Nakatani Naoki , Fujii Hiroshi , Hada Masahiko
Published: May 2020

The nature of axial ligand effects is revealed by density functional theory calculations, the ability of axial ligand bound to iron is strong, and the reaction is more reactive.
Ferrocenyl-substituted low-coordinated heavier group 14 elements
Authors: Sasamori Takahiro
Published: May 2020

Effect of the ferrocenyl-substitution on the low-coordinated species of Si or Ge.
Nanoparticle affinity for natural soils: a functional assay for determining particle attachment efficiency in complex systems
Authors: Turner Amalia A. , Rogers Nicholas M. K. , Geitner Nicholas K. , Wiesner Mark R.
Published: May 2020

Few standardized methods and reference systems have been established for evaluating the behavior of engineered nanomaterials in complex media like natural soils.
Production of microalgal external organic matter in a Chlorella-dominated culture: influence of temperature and stress factors
Authors: González-Camejo J. , Pachés M. , Marín A. , Jiménez-Benítez A. , Seco A. , Barat R.
Published: May 2020

Although microalgae are recognised to release external organic matter (EOM), little is known about this phenomenon in microalgae cultivation systems, especially on a large scale.
Metal-free C–H methylation and acetylation of heteroarenes with PEG-400
Authors: Kudale Vishal Suresh , Wang Jeh-Jeng
Published: May 2020

Herein described a novel and an efficient route for the site selective functionalization of aza-heteroarenes using combination of PEG-400, O2and TsOH·H2O.
Titanium pre-sputtering for an enhanced secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of atmospheric gas elements
Authors: Michałowski Paweł Piotr
Published: May 2020

Gettering properties of titanium used as a pre-sputtering target provide better detection limits of hydrogen and oxygen is SIMS experiments.
Molecular-scale thermoelectricity: a worst-case scenario
Authors: Ismael Ali K. , Lambert Colin J.
Published: May 2020

Molecules with silent orbitals deliver high thermoelectric performance.
Palladium(ii) complexes of tetradentate donor–acceptor Schiff base ligands: synthesis and spectral, structural, thermal and NLO properties
Authors: Celedón Salvador , Roisnel Thierry , Artigas Vania , Fuentealba Mauricio , Carrillo David , Ledoux-Rak Isabelle , Hamon Jean-René , Manzur Carolina
Published: May 2020

Structural and NLO behavior of push–pull palladium(ii) complexes of metallocenyl-containing asymmetric Schiff base ligands.
Solution-gated transistors of two-dimensional materials for chemical and biological sensors: status and challenges
Authors: Fan Qin , Wang Lude , Xu Duo , Duo Yanhong , Gao Jie , Zhang Lei , Wang Xianbao , Chen Xiang , Li Jinhua , Zhang Han
Published: May 2020

Two-dimensional materials are widely used in solution-gated transistors for biochemical sensing due to their excellent properties and large specific surface area.
Ligand-controlled copper-catalyzed 1,2 or 1,4-protoborylation of 2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-conjugated enynes
Authors: Li Jialu , Liu Chuan , He Jingjing , Xu Sixue , Zhao Xianghu , Zhu Yue , Cao Song
Published: May 2020

A novel ligand-controlled highly regioselective synthesis of CF3-substituted homopropargylboronates and homoallenylboronates via copper-catalyzed 1,2 or 1,4-protoborylation of 2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-conjugated enynes with B2pin2 was developed.
Investigation on dispersion properties of CO2and ester solvent mixtures usingin situFTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Zihao , Yin Taiheng , Zhang Fengfan , Wu Wei , Lin Meiqin , Dong Zhaoxia , Zhang Juan
Published: May 2020

Improvedin situFTIR spectroscopy technology was employed to investigate the microscopic dispersion state of CO2and ester solvent mixtures.
Self assembled monolayer of silica nanoparticles with improved order by drop casting
Authors: Qdemat Asma , Kentzinger Emmanuel , Buitenhuis Johan , Rücker Ulrich , Ganeva Marina , Brückel Thomas
Published: May 2020

Grazing incidence small angle scattering and electron microscopy have been used to show a large area monolayers with improved order.
Core–shell nanoparticles used in drug delivery-microfluidics: a review
Authors: Mahdavi Zahra , Rezvani Hamed , Keshavarz Moraveji Mostafa
Published: May 2020

Developments in the fields of lab-on-a-chip and microfluidic technology have benefited nanomaterial production processes due to fluid miniaturization.
Enhanced thermal stability of inverted perovskite solar cells by interface modification and additive strategy
Authors: Zheng Xueqing , Jiang Tingming , Bai Lizhong , Chen Xu , Chen Zeng , Xu Xuehui , Song Dongdong , Xu Xiaojian , Li Bo , Yang Yang (Michael)
Published: May 2020

The thermal stability of PSCs has been enhanced synergistically by removing BCP, increasing C60 thickness and iconic liquid addition.
Revisiting the mechanism of the Fujiwara–Moritani reaction
Authors: Mulligan Christopher J. , Parker Jeremy S. , Hii King Kuok (Mimi)
Published: May 2020

A new perspective of the Fujiwara–Moritani reaction is presented, including its kinetic profile and catalyst deactivation studies.
Nonlinear theory of wetting on deformable substrates
Authors: Dervaux Julien , Roché Matthieu , Limat Laurent
Published: May 2020

The spreading of a liquid over a solid material is a key process in a wide range of applications.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Sentence Repetition and Nonword Repetition for Developmental Language Disorder in Vietnamese
Authors: Pham Giang , Ebert Kerry Danahy
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Sentence repetition and nonword repetition assess different aspects of the linguistic system, but both have been proposed as potential tools to identify children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Cross-linguistic investigation of diagnostic tools for DLD contributes to an understanding of the core features of the disorder. This study evaluated the effectiveness of these tools for the Vietnamese language.

Method

A total of 104 kindergartners (aged 5;2–6;2 [years;months]) living in Vietnam participated, of which 94 were classified as typically developing and 10 with DLD. Vietnamese sentence repetition and nonword repetition tasks were administered and scored using multiple scoring systems. Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios were calculated to assess the ability of these tasks to identify DLD.

Results

All scoring systems on both tasks achieved adequate to excellent sensitivity or specificity, but not both. Binary scoring of sentence repetition achieved a perfect negative likelihood ratio, and binary scoring of nonword repetition approached a highly informative positive likelihood ratio. More detailed scoring systems for both tasks achieved moderately informative values for both negative and positive likelihood ratios.

Conclusions

Both sentence repetition and nonword repetition are valuable tools for identifying DLD in monolingual speakers of Vietnamese. Scoring systems that consider number of errors and are relatively simple (i.e., error scoring of sentence repetition and syllables scoring of nonword repetition) may be the most efficient and effective for identifying DLD. Further work to develop and refine these tasks can contribute to cross-linguistic knowledge of DLD as well as to clinical practice.
Catadioptric hyperspectral imaging, an unmixing approach
Authors: Ozisik Baskurt Didem , Bastanlar Yalin , Yardimci Cetin Yasemin
Published: May 2020

Hyperspectral imaging systems provide dense spectral information on the scene under investigation by collecting data from a high number of contiguous bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. The low spatial resolutions of these sensors frequently give rise to the mixing problem in remote sensing applications. Several unmixing approaches are developed in order to handle the challenging mixing problem on perspective images. On the other hand, omnidirectional imaging systems provide a 360‐degree field of view in a single image at the expense of lower spatial resolution. In this study, we propose a novel imaging system which integrates hyperspectral cameras with mirrors so on to yield catadioptric omnidirectional imaging systems to benefit from the advantages of both modes. Catadioptric images, incorporating a camera with a reflecting device, introduce radial warping depending on the structure of the mirror used in the system. This warping causes a non‐uniformity in the spatial resolution which further complicates the unmixing problem. In this context, a novel spatial–contextual unmixing algorithm specifically for the large field of view of the hyperspectral imaging system is developed. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on various real‐world and simulated cases. The experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms compared methods.
Path planning for UAV/UGV collaborative systems in intelligent manufacturing
Authors: Wang Qin , Chen Hua , Qiao Lu , Tian Junwei , Su Yu
Published: May 2020

Due to the development needs of the intelligent manufacturing industry, the use of drones is expanding indefinitely, and at the same time, extremely high requirements are imposed on the autonomous navigation of drones to reduce human intervention. This paper presents an UAV/ UGV scheduling problem in which the UAV needs to be recharged by the UGV in order to working in persistent tasks, and meanwhile, the UGV need to visits UGV working depots. Two different problem are presented: fixed charging sets problem (FCSP) and discrete charging sets problem (DCSP). In FCSP, charging sets are fixed, and a two‐stage travelling salesman problem method is proposed to solve the problem. DCSP is a modification of FCSP while charging segments are discrete into serval segments, an graph transformation approach was proposed to transform DCSP into GTSP, so DCSP can be resolved by using GTSP solvers. Simulation results shows that both DCSP and FCSP can ensure UAV/UGV work in persistent tasks, and the graph transformation algorithm can efficiently transform DCSP into GTSP.
Novel planar quasi‐TEM transmission line with high isolation and its application to T‐junction power divider
Authors: Guo Fangzhou , Xia Lei , Wu Qingzhi , Xu Ruimin
Published: May 2020

In this study, a novel quasi‐transverse electromagnetic (TEM) transmission line (TL) on a single‐layer substrate is presented. The proposed structure comprises bilateral metalised vias and two longitudinal slots on the top and bottom plates, respectively. This two‐conductor TL separated by the two slots allows the quasi‐TEM mode and guarantees high isolation due to the vias which constrain the electromagnetic field. Additionally, the proposed structure provides a remarkable high range of the characteristic impedance, enabling a more flexible design. Furthermore, an empirical analytical formula is derived to calculate the characteristic impedance of the proposed TL adopting conformal mapping, and modified by a polynomial fraction. The transitions to the double‐sided parallel‐strip line and the microstrip line are proposed with which the propagation constant of this TL is extracted. The comparisons of the far‐end couplings of several types of microwave TLs have been provided by the simulation and measurement to verify the isolation property of the proposed TL. Finally, the proposed TL is applied to the T‐junction wideband power divider design to demonstrate its practicability. A prototype is fabricated and measured with a wide operating bandwidth from 6.8 to 17.6 GHz.
Towards a distributed quantum computing ecosystem
Authors: Cuomo Daniele , Caleffi Marcello , Cacciapuoti Angela Sara
Published: May 2020

The Quantum Internet, by enabling quantum communications among remote quantum nodes, is a network capable of supporting functionalities with no direct counterpart in the classical world. Indeed, with the network and communications functionalities provided by the Quantum Internet, remote quantum devices can communicate and cooperate for solving challenging computational tasks by adopting a distributed computing approach. The aim of this study is to provide the reader with an overview about the main challenges and open problems arising in the design of a distributed quantum computing ecosystem. For this, the authors provide a survey, following a bottom‐up approach, from a communications engineering perspective. They start by introducing the Quantum Internet as the fundamental underlying infrastructure of the distributed quantum computing ecosystem. Then they go further, by elaborating on a high‐level system abstraction of the distributed quantum computing ecosystem. They describe such an abstraction through a set of logical layers. Thereby, they clarify dependencies among the aforementioned layers and, at the same time, a road‐map emerges.
Hybrid resonant three‐level ZCS converter suitable for photovoltaic power MVDC distribution network
Authors: Azeem Syed Waqar , Tariq Irfan , Mehmood Kashif , Ehab Muhammad , Rizwan Mian , Mond Muhammad Asim
Published: May 2020

This study presents a hybrid resonant three‐level (TL) zero‐current‐switching (ZCS) converter for distributed photovoltaic power applications accessing medium‐voltage DC (MVDC) distribution network. The main constituents of the converter is a neutral point clamped TL circuit, an auxiliary circuit along with two transformers and six switches. The ZCS condition of the TL circuit is reached by operating the auxiliary circuit utilising pulse width modulation technique. It delivers the majority of the power and the switching loss is remarkably reduced. A section on the influence of the turn's ratio of the auxiliary transformer on the current is also presented. The piecewise linear electrical circuit simulation simulation results validate the designed parameter principles. For the sake of comparison, an experimental prototype is developed of 300–1500 V/1500 W to validate the performance of the proposed converter.
Increment‐correction method for online distributed optimisation in distribution networks with extra‐high DER integration
Authors: Xie Kaijun , Liu Mingbo , Lu Wentian
Published: May 2020

This study focuses on future distribution networks featuring the integration of extra‐high distributed energy resources (DERs). In these distribution networks, the extra‐high DER penetration and the randomness and volatility of DER outputs increase the likelihood of voltage problems. Hence, it is necessary to design efficient solutions for DER output setpoints to regulate the voltages of distribution networks. However, the existing online distributed algorithms were designed based on different linearised technologies for power flow equations, which will cause imprecise results under extra‐high DER integration. In this study, the authors propose an increment‐correction method to improve the linearised power flow model. To obtain an efficient distributed manner, they introduced an indirect function into the end‐customer (the DER owner)'s objective function, stimulating them to provide voltage‐regulating service. In particular, two price incentive signals contained in the indirect function were transmitted from the distribution system operator to drive the DER owner to regulate output increments, which is suitable for cases where the DER belongs to different end‐customers. The proposed method can not only protect the private information of end‐customers but also enhance the robustness of the distribution network for the DER integration level. Numerical test results demonstrate the merits of the proposed method.
Design and improvement of the pruning algorithm of the Chinese chess in the computer games
Authors: Tao Jun , Wu Gui , Pan Xueliang
Published: May 2020

Computer games have always been considered to be the most challenging task in the field of artificial intelligence specially the Chinese chess as an example. The core technology of the computer games is the search. This work is studied to research an improved pruning strategy in order to achieve a deeper level search of the game tree in a limited time. On the basis of the traditional alpha–beta search algorithm, the worthless nodes are discarded to be never searched by introducing the deep iterative, history table and other auxiliary methods of pruning. The number of nodes searched is effectively reduced to make the pruning earlier to shorten the search time. At the same time, its search depth is higher than the original search algorithm. The advanced and modified algorithm is proved to be practical and applicative by experimentations and tests of computer games system provided in this study.
The evolution of stellar triples
Authors: Toonen S. , Portegies Zwart S. , Hamers A. S. , Bandopadhyay D.
Published: May 2020

Context. Many stars do not live alone, but instead have one or more stellar companions. Observations show that these binaries, triples, and higher-order multiples are common. While the evolution of single stars and binaries have been studied extensively, the same is not true for the evolution of stellar triples.

Aims. To fill in this gap in our general understanding of stellar lives, we aim to systematically explore the long-term evolution of triples and to map out the most common evolutionary pathways that triples go through. We quantitatively study how triples evolve, which processes are the most relevant, and how this differs from binary evoluion.

Methods. We simulated the evolution of several large populations of triples with a population synthesis approach. We made use of the triple evolution code TRES to simulate the evolution of each triple in a consistent way, including three-body dynamics (based on the secular approach), stellar evolution, and their mutual influences. We simulated the evolution of the system up until mass transfer starts, the system becomes dynamically unstable, or a Hubble time has passed.

Results. We find that stellar interactions are common in triples. Compared to a binary population, we find that the fraction of systems that can undergo mass transfer is ∼2−3 times larger in triples. Moreover, while orbits typically reach circularisation before Roche-lobe overflow in binaries, this is no longer true in triples. In our simulations, about 40% of systems retain an eccentric orbit. Additionally, we discuss various channels of triple evolution in detail, such as those where the secondary or the tertiary is the first star to initiate a mass transfer event.
Simulations of stellar winds from X-ray bursts
Authors: Herrera Y. , Sala G. , José J.
Published: May 2020

Context. Photospheric radius expansion during X-ray bursts can be used to measure neutron star radii and help constrain the equation of state of neutron star matter. Understanding the stellar wind dynamics is important for interpreting observations, and therefore stellar wind models, though studied in past decades, have regained interest and need to be revisited with updated data and methods.

Aims. Here, we study the radiative wind model in the context of X-ray bursts with modern techniques and physics input. We focus on characterization of the solutions and the study of observable magnitudes as a function of free model parameters.

Methods. We implemented a spherically symmetric nonrelativistic wind model in a stationary regime, with updated opacity tables and modern numerical techniques. Total mass and energy outflows (Ṁ, Ė) were treated as free parameters.

Results. A high-resolution parameter-space exploration was performed to allow better characterization of observable magnitudes. High correlation was found between different photospheric magnitudes and free parameters. For instance, the photospheric ratio of gravitational energy outflow to radiative luminosity is directly proportional to the photospheric wind velocity.

Conclusions. The correlations found here could help determine the physical conditions of the inner layers, where nuclear reactions take place, by means of observable photospheric values. Further studies are needed to determine the range of physical conditions in which the correlations are valid.
Galaxy classification: deep learning on the OTELO and COSMOS databases
Authors: de Diego José A. , Nadolny Jakub , Bongiovanni Ángel , Cepa Jordi , Pović Mirjana , Pérez García Ana María , Padilla Torres Carmen P. , Lara-López Maritza A. , Cerviño Miguel , Martínez Ricardo Pérez , Alfaro Emilio J. , Castañeda Héctor O. , Fernández-Lorenzo Miriam , Gallego Jesús , González J. Jesús , González-Serrano J. Ignacio , Pintos-Castro Irene , Sánchez-Portal Miguel , Cedrés Bernabé , González-Otero Mauro , Heath Jones D. , Bland-Hawthorn Joss
Published: May 2020

Context.The accurate classification of hundreds of thousands of galaxies observed in modern deep surveys is imperative if we want to understand the universe and its evolution.

Aims.Here, we report the use of machine learning techniques to classify early- and late-type galaxies in the OTELO and COSMOS databases using optical and infrared photometry and available shape parameters: either the Sérsic index or the concentration index.

Methods.We used three classification methods for the OTELO database: (1)u − rcolor separation, (2) linear discriminant analysis usingu − rand a shape parameter classification, and (3) a deep neural network using thermagnitude, several colors, and a shape parameter. We analyzed the performance of each method by sample bootstrapping and tested the performance of our neural network architecture using COSMOS data.

Results.The accuracy achieved by the deep neural network is greater than that of the other classification methods, and it can also operate with missing data. Our neural network architecture is able to classify both OTELO and COSMOS datasets regardless of small differences in the photometric bands used in each catalog.

Conclusions.In this study we show that the use of deep neural networks is a robust method to mine the cataloged data.
Schnüffelstoffe
Authors: Scherbaum Norbert
Published: May 2020

Abb. 1 zeigt die Strukturformel, die
Anwendungsarten und die handelsüblichen Formen zweier organischer
Lösungsmittel (Toluol und Trichlorethylen), die als Schnüffelstoffe
Verwendung finden.
Verordnungshäufigkeit, Missbrauch und Abhängigkeit
von Benzodiazepinen, Z-Substanzen und Opioidanalgetika
Authors: Wolter Dirk
Published: May 2020

Die Verordnung von Benzodiazepinen (BZD) ist in den meisten westlichen
Industriestaaten seit mehreren Jahren rückläufig.
Entgegengesetzt war die Entwicklung bei den Z-Substanzen (Z-Drugs), wobei
sich jedoch dieser Verordnungsanstieg abflachte und – zumindest in
Deutschland – in den letzten Jahren die Verordnungen ebenfalls
zurückgehen. Die Prävalenzraten zeigen dabei erhebliche
regionale Unterschiede. Diese Daten umfassen jedoch nur die Verordnung zu
Lasten der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung bzw. der staatlichen
Gesundheitssysteme in den skandinavischen Staaten und
Großbritannien. Zumindest in Deutschland gibt es daneben eine
beträchtliche Dunkelziffer, weil etwa 30–50% der
Verordnungen von BZD und Z-Drugs als Privatrezept erfolgen.

Belastbare bevölkerungsbezogene Daten über die Verbreitung
von Missbrauch oder Abhängigkeit von diesen Substanzen gibt es
nicht, weil in epidemiologischen Studien keine hinreichend genauen Diagnosen
gestellt, sondern lediglich Hinweise auf eine mögliche
substanzassoziierte Störung gewonnen werden können. Eine
weitere Möglichkeit zur Abschätzung der Verbreitung von
Missbrauch oder Abhängigkeit von BZD und Z-Drugs besteht darin,
Prävalenzdaten aus der Untersuchung klinischer Stichproben auf die
Bevölkerung hochzurechnen.

Dieselben methodischen Einschränkungen gelten auch für
Opioidanalgetika. Die Verordnungshäufigkeit hat seit Beginn der
1990er Jahre weltweit z. T. dramatisch zugenommen, wobei die regionalen
Unterschiede der Prävalenzraten noch deutlich größer
sind als bei BZD und Z-Drugs. Hinsichtlich des Gesamtverbrauchs pro
Einwohner belegt Deutschland zusammen mit den USA und Kanada einen
Spitzenplatz. Missbrauch und Abhängigkeit (bei Patienten mit
chronischen nichttumorbedingten Schmerzen) sind seltener als bei BZD und
Z-Drugs. Für alle drei Substanzgruppen gilt, dass Missbrauch und
Abhängigkeit im höheren Lebensalter deutlich seltener
auftreten.
Research Progress on lncRNA Functions and Mechanisms in Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Du Qiu , Yao De-shan , Wang You-wei , Cheng Cheng
Published: May 2020

Despite being the most common human neuroendocrine tumor, the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas (PAs) is still unclear. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, and has been shown to play a key role in the process of tumor instigation and development by affecting the proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore, lncRNAs may be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers of tumors. In this paper, the effect of lncRNA on the onset and progression of PAs is reviewed so as to provide a profound understanding of its pathogenesis and clinical reference for the early diagnosis of PAs.
Beeinflusst das Nahtmaterial die Rezidivrate nach Krossektomie?
Authors: Mendoza Erika
Published: May 2020

Einleitung Im Rahmen der Literaturrecherche für die Leitlinie Diagnostik und Therapie der Varikose der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Phlebologie fiel die weite Streuung der Krossenrezidive zwischen den verschiedenen Studien auf. Auf der Suche nach Antworten wurden die Studien nach dem Nahtmaterial analysiert, das zum Verschluss der V. femoralis communis und des Venensterns verwendet wurde, um herauszufinden, ob die Art des Materials (resorbierbar, nicht resorbierbar) eine Rolle spielen könnte.

Methode Auswertung der Literaturrecherche der DGP für die Leitlinie sowie weitere Pubmed-Recherche mit dem Stichwort Neovaskulogenese und Rezidive nach Krossektomie. Erfasst wurden die chirurgische Technik (Krossektomie allein, mit Stripping oder mit endoluminalen Verfahren sowie Krossenligatur ohne Unterbrechung des Venensterns), das Nahtmaterial, die Dauer des Follow-ups sowie die Art der Studie (prospektiv, retrospektiv, randomisiert oder nicht). Die Anzahl der Rezidive mit Neovaskulogenese bei belassenem Stumpf wurden nicht gewertet. Studienarme mit speziellen Barrieretechniken am Foramen ovale wurden ausgeschlossen. Wurde das verwendete Nahtmaterial nicht in der Publikation erwähnt, wurde mit dem Autor respektive dem Chirurgen Kontakt aufgenommen, um diese Frage zu klären.

Ergebnis 24 Studien wurden gefunden, von denen 31 Therapiearme auf die Studienkriterien passten. Weniger als die Hälfte der Studien hatten das Nahtmaterial erwähnt, aber alle Autoren antworteten prompt und wussten das Nahtmaterial genau, weil sie immer dasselbe verwenden. Die Rezidivraten bei nichtresorbierbaren Nahtmaterialien lagen zwischen 1,1 % und 12,3 %, bei resorbierbaren Nahtmaterialien zwischen 10 und 65 %.

Zusammenfassung Auch wenn es sich nicht um ein systematisches Review handeln kann, weil nur 1 der Studien tatsächlich verschiedene Nahtmaterialien verglich, sind die Ergebnisse überraschend deutlich. In Deutschland ist die Chirurgie der am häufigsten verwendete Eingriff bei der Therapie der Varikose. Eine prospektiv randomisierte Studie zur Klärung dieser Frage wäre daher sinnvoll.
The Impact of Glucocorticoid Co-Secretion in Primary Aldosteronism on
Thyroid Autoantibody Titers During the Course of Disease
Authors: Handgriff Laura , Adolf Christian , Heinrich Daniel A. , Braun Leah , Nirschl Nina , Sturm Lisa , Ladurner Roland , Ricke Jens , Seidensticker Max , Bidlingmaier Martin , Reincke Martin
Published: May 2020

Excess aldosterone is associated with the increased risk of
cardio-/cerebrovascular events as well as metabolic comorbidities
not only due to its hypertensive effect but also due to its proinflammatory
action. Autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) in the setting of primary
aldosteronism (PA) is known to worsen cardiovascular outcome and potentially
exhibit immunosuppressive effects. The aim of this study was to determine
the impact of ACS status in patients with PA on kinetics of thyroid
autoantibodies (anti-TPO, anti-TG) pre and post therapy initiation.
Ninety-seven PA patients (43 unilateral, 54 with bilateral PA) from the
database of the German Conn’s Registry were included. Anti-TPO and
anti-TG levels were measured pre and 6–12 months post therapeutic
intervention. Patients were assessed for ACS according to their 24- hour
urinary cortisol excretion, late night salivary cortisol and low-dose
dexamethasone suppression test. Abnormal test results in line with ACS were
identified in 74.2% of patients with PA. Following adrenalectomy,
significant increases in anti-TPO levels were observed in patients with at
least one abnormal test (p = 0.049), adrenalectomized patients with
at least two pathological ACS tests (p = 0.015) and adrenalectomized
patients with pathologic dexamethasone suppression tests (p =
0.018). No antibody increases were observed in unilateral PA patients
without ACS and in patients with bilateral PA receiving mineralocorticoid
antagonist therapy (MRA). Our data are in line with an immunosuppressive
effect of mild glucocorticoid excess in PA on thyroid autoantibody titers.
This effect is uncovered by adrenalectomy, but not by MRA treatment.
COVID-19-assoziierte Pneumonie trotz persistierend negativen PCR-Tests aus oropharyngealen Abstrichen
Authors: Hornuss Daniel , Laubner Katharina , Monasterio Carmen , Thimme Robert , Wagner Dirk
Published: May 2020

Anamnese und klinischer Befund Ein 46-jähriger Bauarbeiter stellte sich bei seit ca. 7 Tagen bestehender Infektsymptomatik mit Fieber und teilweise produktivem Husten sowie 2-maliger orthotstatischer Synkope in der Notaufnahme vor. Ambulant war bereits eine orale antibiotische Therapie über 5 Tage mit Sultamicillin durch den Hausarzt eingeleitet worden, die zu keiner Beschwerdebesserung führte. In der klinischen Untersuchung zeigten sich hypertone Blutdruckwerte bei bekannter arterieller Hypertonie, ansonsten unauffällige Vitalparameter sowie pulmonal feinblasige Rasselgeräusche links basal.

Untersuchungen und Diagnose Laborchemisch präsentierten sich erhöhte Werte für LDH sowie pro-BNP und CRP bei normwertigen Leukozyten und normwertigem Procalcitonin. Bei Verdacht auf Pneumonie wurde zunächst ein konventionelles Röntgenbild der Lunge durchgeführt, das laterale Verschattungen in beiden Lungen zeigte, verdächtig auf eine atypische Pneumonie. Bei initial negativem Rachenabstrich trotz typischer klinischer, radiologischer und laborchemischer Konstellation erfolgte ein erneuter tiefer Rachenabstrich auf SARS-CoV-2, welcher ebenfalls negativ ausfiel. In der nachgeschalteten CT-Untersuchung des Thorax zeigten sich für COVID-19 typische bipulmonale laterale milchglasartige Infiltrate, woraufhin ein dritter Rachenabstrich durchgeführt wurde, der erneut negativ blieb. Nach Asservierung und PCR-Analyse von Sputum konnte schließlich der Nachweis von SARS-CoV-2 erbracht und die Diagnose einer COVID-19-assoziierten Pneumonie gesichert werden.

Therapie und Verlauf Es erfolgte die stationäre Aufnahme zur Infekt- und Synkopen-Abklärung. Bei zunächst noch ausstehendem Ergebnis des Rachenabstrichs auf SARS-CoV-2 wurde der Patient prophylaktisch isoliert. Bei Verdacht auf eine mögliche bakteriell-superinfizierte Pneumonie wurde eine intravenöse antibiotische Therapie mit Ampicillin/Sulbactam eingeleitet, welche nach 3 Tagen bei fehlenden Hinweisen auf bakterielle Erreger beendet wurde. Nach Diagnosesicherung erfolgte bei bereits eingetretener klinischer Rekonvaleszenz keine antivirale Therapie. Der Patient wurde 17 Tage nach initialem Symptombeginn ohne weitere Quarantäne-Auflagen nach Hause entlassen.

Folgerung Die Kasuistik beschreibt einen Fall von COVID-19, bei dem trotz typischer klinischer Symptomatik sowie typischen radiologischen und laborchemischen Befunden ein Virusnachweis in mehrfach korrekt durchgeführten tiefen Rachenabstrichen nicht möglich war. Erst eine Sputum-Analyse erbrachte den Nachweis der viralen RNA und sicherte die Diagnose. Bei begründetem klinischem Verdacht auf COVID-19 sollte daher bei negativen Rachenabstrichen zum sicheren Ausschluss eine Analyse von tiefen Atemwegssekreten (Sputum, bronchoalveoläre Lavage, Trachealsekret) oder Stuhl erfolgen.
Mapping the Entire Record—An Alternative Approach to Data Access from Medical Logic Modules
Authors: Kraus Stefan , Toddenroth Dennis , Staudigel Martin , Rödle Wolfgang , Unberath Philipp , Griebel Lena , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Mate Sebastian
Published: May 2020

Objectives This study aimed to describe an alternative approach for accessing electronic medical records (EMRs) from clinical decision support (CDS) functions based on Arden Syntax Medical Logic Modules, which can be paraphrased as “map the entire record.”

Methods Based on an experimental Arden Syntax processor, we implemented a method to transform patient data from a commercial patient data management system (PDMS) to tree-structured documents termed CDS EMRs. They are encoded in a specific XML format that can be directly transformed to Arden Syntax data types by a mapper natively integrated into the processor. The internal structure of a CDS EMR reflects the tabbed view of an EMR in the graphical user interface of the PDMS.

Results The study resulted in an architecture that provides CDS EMRs in the form of a network service. The approach enables uniform data access from all Medical Logic Modules and requires no mapping parameters except a case number. Measurements within a CDS EMR can be addressed with straightforward path expressions. The approach is in routine use at a German university hospital for more than 2 years.

Conclusion This practical approach facilitates the use of CDS functions in the clinical routine at our local hospital. It is transferrable to standard-compliant Arden Syntax processors with moderate effort. Its comprehensibility can also facilitate teaching and development. Moreover, it may lower the entry barrier for the application of the Arden Syntax standard and could therefore promote its dissemination.
Using data science to understand the film industry’s gender gap
Authors: Kagan Dima , Chesney Thomas , Fire Michael
Published: May 2020

Data science can offer answers to a wide range of social science questions. Here we turn attention to the portrayal of women in movies, an industry that has a significant influence on society, impacting such aspects of life as self-esteem and career choice. To this end, we fused data from the online movie database IMDb with a dataset of movie dialogue subtitles to create the largest available corpus of movie social networks (15,540 networks). Analyzing this data, we investigated gender bias in on-screen female characters over the past century. We find a trend of improvement in all aspects of women‘s roles in movies, including a constant rise in the centrality of female characters. There has also been an increase in the number of movies that pass the well-known Bechdel test, a popular—albeit flawed—measure of women in fiction. Here we propose a new and better alternative to this test for evaluating female roles in movies. Our study introduces fresh data, an open-code framework, and novel techniques that present new opportunities in the research and analysis of movies.