bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local Government Capability in Managing Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Indonesia: A Case Study of Bintan Regency
Authors: . Afrizal , Rahmatunnisa Mudiyati , Suwaryo Utang , Yuningsih Neneng Yani
Published: August 2023

One of the Indonesian government's efforts to improve the economy of rural communities is the establishment of Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). BUMDes that are successful in their management cannot be separated from the role of local governments as those who have the authority to foster, supervise and develop BUMDes. Therefore, this study aims to determine the capability of the local government of Bintan Regency to the management of BUMDes. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews using purposive sampling techniques to key people in the local government of Bintan district and managers of advanced and developing BUMDes in Bintan district. This study found that the government's capabilities include entrepreneurial capabilities, motivational capabilities, investment capabilities, and adaptive capabilities. The researcher also found that the importance of legislative capability by the local government as a guarantor that all investments that have been given by the government are able to survive and develop. The challenge for the government in its implementation is that there are still BUMDes that have not been able to accept the policies made by local governments. This is due to the low resources of BUMDes managers, the lack of village community support for BUMDes and the disharmony of relations between the village government and BUMDes managers.
Eugene Ionesco’nun Gergedanlar Oyunu ve Mine Söğüt’ün Gergedan Hikâyesi Bağlamında Kötülüğün Dönüşümü
Authors: HATİBOĞLU Büşra
Published: August 2023

Eugéne Ionesco’nun 1959 yılında yazmış olduğu Gergedanlar oyunu, İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın izlerini absürt tiyatro ile bütünleştirerek ele alır. Tiyatro oyununda gergedana dönüşen bir topluluk içerisinde tek başına kalan Berenger ise bir insanlık savaşının ortasında yalnız başına bırakılır. Mine Söğüt, Gergedan hikâyesinde tiyatro oyunuyla açık bir metinlararası bağlam kurarak devam metni oluşturur. Tiyatro metnini anti-kahramanı olarak Berenger ve yazar Ionesco’nun karşı karşıya geldiği hikâyede metinlerarasılık; yazar, kahraman doğrultusunda uygulanırken kavramlara bakışı da etkiler. Gergedanlar oyununda İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın katı kötülüğünün bir temsili olarak gergedanlar yer alırken Gergedan hikâyesinde tek başına kalan gergedanın belirsiz bir kötülükle çizilmesi akışkan bir kötülüğü meydana getirir. Bu doğrultuda; oyun ve hikâyede yer alan aynılık-ötekilik, mekâna bakış, yazar-kahraman ilişkisi kötülük unsurları dikkate alınarak araştırmada değerlendirilmiştir. Metinlerlarası bağlamda kötülük, tiyatro metninin içerisinde gergedanların varlığı ile katı bir hâlde yer alırken hikâyede anlatının tamamına süreklilik ve belirsizlik içinde yayılmıştır. Bu durumda modernist dönemin kötülük algısı ve günümüz kötülük algısı arasında yeniden yazma ilişkisi metinlerarası bağlamda kurulmuştur.
H. G. Wells’in Körler Ülkesi Öyküsünde Algısal Körlük
Authors: KIZILAY Yağmur
Published: August 2023

H. G. Wells’in 1904 tarihli Körler Ülkesi adlı öyküsü, nesillerdir kör olarak yaşamlarını sürdüren bir toplum aracılığıyla körlüğün yaşam pratiklerini, algılayışı ve düşünce biçimini belirlediği alternatif bir yaşam biçimi sunar. Körler Ülkesi’ne yolu düşen farklı bir kültürden gelen dağcı Nunez’in “Körler Ülkesinde Tek Gözlü Kral” olur beklentisinin karşılanmadığı bu anlatıda hem Körler Ülkesi insanlarının hem de görebildiği için körler karşısında üstünlük iddiasında bulunan yabancı Nunez’in birbirlerini kendi kültürel ve sosyal yargıları ve algısal kısıtlılıklarından ötürü anlayamadıkları ve bir arada var olamadıkları görülür. Dolayısıyla, bu öyküyü fiziksel bir körlüğün ötesine geçerek insanların kendi bilgi ve deneyimlerinin ötesindeki varoluş ve yaşayış biçimlerini kavrama zorluklarını ele alan algısal bir körlük metaforu olarak ele almak mümkündür. Bu çalışma, felsefe tarihinde “Molyneux problemi” ve “mağara alegorisi” olarak bilinen kavramlar aracılığıyla, Körler Ülkesi öyküsündeki algısal körlük kavramını irdelemekte ve bu eserde ele alınan temel meselenin fiziksel körlük değil, dünyanın belirli norm ve kabullerin sınırlılığında algılanmasına sebep olan zihinsel körlük olduğuna dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışma, körlük meselesini felsefi bir düzleme taşıyarak dünyayı belirli düşünce sistemi ve kültürel öğretilerin sınırlılığında algılamanın ortaya çıkarabileceği yıkıcı sonuçlar konusunda farkındalık yaratmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Optimal Control of a Viscous Two-Field Damage Model with Fatigue
Authors: Betz Livia
Published: August 2023

Motivated by fatigue damage models, this paper addresses optimal control problems governed by a non-smooth system featuring two non-differentiable mappings. This consists of a coupling between a doubly non-smooth history-dependent evolution and an elliptic PDE. After proving the directional differentiability of the associated solution mapping, an optimality system which is stronger than the one obtained by classical smoothening procedures is derived. If one of the non-differentiable mappings becomes smooth, the optimality conditions are of strong stationary type, i.e., equivalent to the primal necessary optimality condition.
Clustering and Visualising Documents using Word Embeddings
Authors: Reades Jonathan , Williams Jennie
Published: August 2023

This lesson uses word embeddings and clustering algorithms in Python to identify groups of similar documents in a corpus of approximately 9,000 academic abstracts. It will teach you the basics of dimensionality reduction for extracting structure from a large corpus and how to evaluate your results.
SELECTION OF SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS: A NEW HYBRID MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING APPROACH
Authors: AVCI Selen , EKİZ BOZDEMİR Melike Kübra , ALKAN Atakan
Published: August 2023

Social Media Platforms (SMPs) are highly interactive platforms where individuals and communities share, discuss and collaborate ideas, information, videos, photos etc. to each other. In these platforms have millions of online users which interact with each other and significantly affect each other's behaviour, attitude, and habit etc. SMPs are used many areas to advertising, client relations, tourism, journey, and many others by means of users or organizations. Therefore, selection of SMPs is an important Multi Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) problem. In this study, we have handled the selection and ranking of SMPs from the perspective of undergraduate students, who are one of more active and affected age groups of them. In addition, we aimed to analyse the effect of both the MCDM methods, and the weights assigned to the criteria on the selection and ranking with 5 different approaches which are called Factor Analysis and Analytical Network Analysis (FA+ANP), FA and Complex Proportional Assessment (FA +COPRAS), ANP+COPRAS, FA and Grey Relations Analysis (FA+GRA), and ANP+GRA. Thus, we have evaluated more important criteria and more preferred SMPs with these approaches. In addition, we can emphasize that our study will guide policy makers for updating or adding new features to SMPs.
The virtues of Ethics Bowl: Do pre-college philosophy programs prepare students for democratic citizenship?
Authors: Vaquez Michael , Madden Prinzing Michael
Published: August 2023

This paper discusses the rationale for, and efforts to quantify the success of, philosophy outreach efforts at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, with a focus on the National High School Ethics Bowl (NHSEB). We explore the program's democratic foundations and its potential to promote civic and intellectual virtues. After describing pioneering efforts to empirically access the impact of NHSEB, we offer recommendations to empower publicly and empirically-engaged philosophers to conduct further studies in the future.
The Best Fit Flood Probability Distribution for Alibeyköy Basin in İstanbul, Türkiye
Authors: DİKİCİ Mehmet , KAZEZYILMAZ ALHAN Cevza , ÖNÖZ Bihrat
Published: August 2023

Determination of peak flow rates is crucial in reducing the economic and social impact of flood. Therefore, the investigation of various methods for estimating flood is of paramount importance. Flood frequency analysis can be used as a practical method in predicting the peak flow values as the flood peaks have return periods that are typically much larger than the recording length. In this study, 7 different probability distributions (normal (N), two-parameter lognormal (LN2), three-parameter lognormal (LN3), extreme value type I (Gumbel), generalized extreme value (GEV), Pearson Type III (P3) and Log-Pearson Type III (LP3)) are employed for flood frequency analysis of Alibeyköy Watershed using 44-years of measured annual maximum flow. K-S and PPCC tests are applied to determine the most suitable distributions to estimate the flood flow rate. Based on these tests, GEV and Gumbel distributions appear to be the most preferable distributions in flood flow estimation.
Frequência dos distúrbios respiratórios do sono em portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica
Authors: Martin Elisabete Antunes San , Vieira Luana dos Passos , Eich Sophia Luiza , Weber Manuela da Silva , Dias Luiza Scheffer , Da Silva Andréa Lúcia Gonçalves
Published: August 2023

Introdução: A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) associada aos distúrbios respiratórios do sono (DRS) afeta a qualidade de vida (QV). Objetivo: Avaliar a frequência DRS e a coexistência da sobreposição DPOC e Apneia Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC+SAOS). Métodos: Estudo transversal com 13 pacientes DPOC. Variáveis analisadas: clínicas; QV; DRS [Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh-PSQI; Questionário de Berlim-QB, Escala de Sonolência Epworth-ESE e de Mallampati, exame domiciliar do sono-ApneaLink Plus (índice de apneia/hipopneia-IAH; índice de dessaturação oxigênio-IDO)]. Resultados: 9 homens, 63,8±6,2anos, IMC=26,9±8Kg/m2, Mallampati-classe IV n=10. IAH=30,5±17,8 eventos/hora, IDO elevado (28,6±18,5 eventos/hora), tempo de SpO2 T≤90%= 79(1–450) minutos. ruim qualidade de sono (n=10) e DRS (n=3). Correlações: IAH vs idade (r=0,800; p=<0,001); IAH vs IMC (r=0,640; p=0,018); IDO vs idade (r=0,640; p=0,019); IDO vs IMC (r=0,635; p=0,010); PSQI vs ESE (r=0,635; p=0,020); PSQI vs QV (r=0,615; p=0,025). Conclusão:DPOC+SAOS coexistem nestes pacientes, com comprometimento da QS e SpO2, e pior QV.
PENEMPATAN KARYAWAN PADA ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT DI PT.X MENGGUNAKAN METODE TOPSIS
Authors: Solihati Tifani Intan , Fatullah Rizki , Kania Raden , Sofianty Yohana
Published: August 2023

Perkembangan teknologi informasi sudah semakin berkembang dan mempengaruhi proses pengolahan data sehingga dapat dilakukan dengan mudah. Salah satunya adalah proses pengolahan sumber daya manusia untuk proses penempatan karyawan. PT. X merupakan salah satu industri yang bergerak dalam bidang produksi sepatu, saat ini proses penempatan karyawan khususnya pada Department Engineering masih menggunakan cara manual dalam mengambil keputusan untuk melakukan seleksi karyawan yang akan di tempatkan pada Department Engineering. Proses pengambilan keputusan yang berjalan sekarang dirasa kurang akurat, dan terkadang hasil keputusan hanya berdasarkan intuisi dari satu pihak saja. Proses pengambilan keputusan untuk penempatan karyawan pada Department Engineering dibutuhkan suatu Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) untuk membantu mencari solusi berdasarkan beberapa kriteria tertentu dan memberikan berbagai alternatif pilihan. Sistem pendukung keputusan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah TOPSIS (Technique for Others Reference by Similarity to Ideal Solution). Penggunaan metode TOPSIS ini bertujuan untuk membantu manajemen dalam pengambilan keputusan menempatkan karyawan pada bagian yang ada di Department Engineering sesuai dengan profil dan kriteria penilaian yang ditetapkan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan posisi terbaik yang diterima karyawan untuk di tempatkan pada bagian yang ada di Department Engineering.
Comparisons Of Weekly Training Volumes Across A Season In Collegiate Female Lacrosse Athletes
Authors: Wojciechowski Monica , Schumann Claire , Bunn Jennifer
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to describe the in-season variations of acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) of distance, high intensity distance (HID), sprints, accelerations, and decelerations between player positions of a Division I collegiate women’s lacrosse team. Data were collected via wearable microtechnology across a total of 17 games and 64 training sessions on a total of 15 participants (attackers n=5, midfielders n=5, defenders n=5). ACWRs were calculated weekly by dividing the workload from the past seven days by the workload from the past 28 days for each metric. Two repeated measures analyses of variance (RM-ANOVA) were used to compare positional differences and weekly changes in all five metrics for 1) ACWR and 2) weekly training totals. There were several differences in weekly totals and ACWRs across all five metrics evaluated (p<.05), but no positional differences were noted. Apart from the early training weeks, ACWR primarily stayed within the optimal window of 0.8-1.5 to maximize performance and reduce injury risk. These data indicate that there is variation in weekly totals for the main five metrics studied that cause “spikes” and “valleys” in workload. However, the athletes had built enough of a base in their chronic workload that it did not affect their ACWR to move outside of the optimal window. Using this information, coaches and team physicians can more effectively program training not only to optimize performance, but also to limit injuries, fatigue, and lack of fitness.
Acerca das pesquisas em promoção da Saúde e Educação Ambiental
Authors: Lamarca Edmir Vicente , Rezende Camargo de Miranda Sonia Maria , Alves Leitão Aurilúcia , Leite Cleber Aparecido
Published: August 2023

RESUMO: (Acerca das Pesquisas em Promoção da Saúde e Educação Ambiental). A educação ambiental é capaz de ser um importante instrumento para a promoção da saúde, pois já apresenta metodologias para atuar em questões relacionadas com o meio ambiente. Assim, realizou no presente estudo, um levantamento bibliográfico de registros científicos sobre promoção da saúde e educação ambiental, apresentando um cenário das pesquisas sobre esses temas e as principais propostas dos estudos. Para tanto, por meio de pesquisas nos portais acadêmicos de busca eletrônica, foram obtidos registros científicos em que os termos promoção da saúde e educação ambiental estivessem presentes no título. Os estudos foram organizados e quantificados quanto ao tipo de divulgação, tipo de estudo, ano de publicação, local de publicação e termo de indexação. Estes foram segmentos em classes, e calculada a frequência absoluta e a frequência relativa percentual. Os resultados apresentaram diferenças numéricas entre os valores das classes analisadas. Muitos estudos referem-se à educação ambiental como uma prática ou ferramenta que pode subsidiar a promoção da saúde ou atuar de forma associada, ressaltando a necessidade de ações multidisciplinares e de conhecer os fatores ambientais relacionados com a saúde e a qualidade de vida. Desta forma, apresentou-se aqui, estudos sobre promoção da saúde e educação ambiental, mostrando os seus direcionamentos e algumas de suas principais propostas, e fornecendo subsídios para novas pesquisas referentes a esses temas.
„Nutri-Score bleibt im Gros unverändert“
Authors: Falker Gerrit-Milena
Published: August 2023

Infolge strengerer Regeln wird der Nutri-Score vieler Lebensmittel künftig abgewertet. Serge Hercberg, Erfinder des Logos, verteidigt die Neuberechnung.
Baumärkte wachsen im Ausland
Authors: Hofmann Janine
Published: August 2023

Die großen deutschen Baumärkte Bauhaus und Hornbach verstärken ihre Auslandspräsenz. Dort können sie mehr Geld verdienen.
Savencia will pflanzlichen Bresso nach vorne bringen
Authors: Adelhardt Andrea
Published: August 2023

Während sich der Gesamtmarkt der Käsealternativen schwertut, legt das Segment vegane Brotaufstriche zu. Das beflügelt Savencia. Mit dem pflanzlichen Bresso will der Konzern den Wettbewerbern Marktanteile abnehmen und einen strategischen Schritt Richtung Discount machen.
Schlachter hoffen vergebens
Authors: Lenders Dirk
Published: August 2023

Die von einigen Schlachtunternehmen erhoffte Trendwende beim Preis für Schweinefleisch bleibt aus. Zu den hohen Preisen fehle die Nachfrage, klagen sie. Das schmälere die Marge.
Bio-Verbände setzen einen Orientierungspreis
Authors: Murmann Christoph
Published: August 2023

Die führenden Öko-Verbände Bioland und Naturland fordern für ihre Mitglieder künftig 67 Cent je kg Rohmilch. Der „Orientierungspreis“ soll die Vollkosten decken. Derzeit bekommen die Bio-Bauern durchschnittlich nur noch 56 Cent und die Tendenz ist negativ.
Collaborative autoethnography: Emancipatory research for educational researchers
Authors: Dahal Niroj , Luitel Bal Chandra
Published: August 2023

Collaborative Autoethnography (CAE) arises from an anthropological-critical research tradition that aligns with cultural-historical and constructivist onto-epistemologies. In CAE, two or more researchers collaborate to write about their personal experiences related to a specific topic (Gal et al., 2013) and writing is based on collaborative, autobiographical, and ethnographic principles (Chang et al., 2013). Indeed, CAE is characterized by sharing stories, collective reflections, and hermeneutical meaning-making to identify un/common themes and insights. This editorial is based on our experiences and principles we abided with CAE as facilitators, researchers, and practitioners.  In this editorial, we examine constructivist and critical perspectives on the CAE, including individual, collaborative, reflective, and analytic processes. We argued that sharing experiences, reflecting on them, and making meaning collaboratively are all essential components of the CAE processes. We acknowledge that the epistemic process can be emotionally draining for researchers to write about their personal experiences. Nevertheless, we believe that researchers must reflect on their own experiences to gain a deeper understanding of their own practices, thereby working towards improving their own actions via self-reflection. In addition, we believe that it is essential for researchers to collaborate with others to share their experiences and gain new perspectives. So, in this editorial, we would like to highlight CAE as a collaborative reflection as a timely alternative research approach (Roy & Uekusa, 2020). This editorial discusses the key ideas of collaborative participatory research, social constructionist principles, critical research, culture studies, emancipatory principle, and research for all, which are processes that improve collaborative practices for enhancing emancipatory research. The editorial concludes with a brief summary of the articles and book review that are covered in Volume 4 Issue 1.
Performance Writing: On, Around
and Off the Page
Authors: Jakovljević Branislav
Published: August 2023

While the emergence of new forms of performance writing in the 1960s and 1970s did not
eliminate traditional forms of drama, they radically transformed the role of textuality in
the theatre. This article argues that when liberated from the rules of dramatic writing and
even syntax and grammar, performance writing brings an illocationary logic into textual
production. The article concludes with a preliminary consideration of differences between
experimental writing strategies and the latest text-generating AI.
Sodobna dramatika in vprašanje
dediščine neoavantgarde šestdesetih in
sedemdesetih let
Authors: Troha Gašper
Published: August 2023

Sodobna dramatika je do neke mere dedinja neoavantgarde s konca šestdesetih in iz
sedemdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja. Takrat se je namreč zgodil t. i. performativni obrat, ki je gledališče potegnil stran od reprezentacije k prezentaciji. Razvoj, ki je sledil, označujemo z različnimi oznakami, npr. postdramsko gledališče, estetika performativnega, v primeru dramskih besedil pa kot ne več dramski gledališki tekst, gledališče »u fris« ipd.

Tudi na Slovenskem se je konec šestdesetih let zgodil odločilen zasuk od besedila k
dogodku. Takrat so nastali prvi hepeningi in performansi, ob Pupiliji pa je Veno Taufer
razglasil kar smrt literarnega gledališča. Na prvi pogled se torej zdi, da sodobna dramska pisava ponavlja prejšnje vzorce. Da morda radikalneje ubeseduje jezikovne in estetske igre, dekonstruira dramsko formo in torej radikalizira nastavke neoavantgard, a vendar v zadnjih dveh desetletjih govorimo o vračanju k dramskemu, o postpostdramskem, o (spet) dramskih tekstih itd.

S primerjalno analizo dveh radikalnejših besedil iz zbornika Generator:: za proizvodnjo
poljubnega števila dramskih kompleksov (Sinopsis za happening Hlapci Dušana Jovanovića in Generator, ki iz določenih enot in po preprostih pravilih proizvaja poljubno število dramskih kompleksov Rastka Močnika) ter dveh besedil Simone Semenič in Varje Hrvatin (mi, evropski mrliči in Vse se je začelo z golažem iz zajčkov) razprava pokaže, da gre pri neoavantgardah za vprašanje gledališke uprizoritve in forme dramskega teksta, pri sodobni dramatiki pa bolj za način iskanja avtentičnosti in dramatičnih učinkov.
Contemporary Drama and the Question of
the Neo-avant-garde Legacy of the 1960s
and 1970s
Authors: Troha Gašper
Published: August 2023

To some extent, contemporary drama is the heir of the neo-avant-garde of the late 1960s and 1970s. This time was that of the so-called performative turn, which pulled theatre away from representation and towards presentation. The subsequent development can be designated by various labels, such as postdramatic theatre, the aesthetics of the performative and, in the case of dramatic texts, the no longer dramatic theatre text, “In-Yer-Face” theatre, etc.

In Slovenia, a decisive turn from text to event took place towards the end of the 1960s.
During this time, the first happenings and performance art pieces were taking place. In
reviewing the performance Pupilija, papa Pupilo pa Pupilčki (Pupillja, Papa Pupilo and the
Pupilceks), Veno Taufer went as far as to declare the death of literary theatre. At first
glance, it would thus appear that contemporary playwriting is merely repeating earlier
patterns. While contemporary playwriting may more radically formulate linguistic and
aesthetic games, it deconstructs the dramatic form and thus radicalises the premises of
the neo-avant-gardes; in the last two decades, we have been talking about a return to
dramatic, post-postdramatic and dramatic drama, etc.

Through a comparative analysis of two of the more radical texts from Blaž Lukan’s anthology Generator:: za proizvodnjo poljubnega števila dramskih kompleksov (The Generator:: for Manufacturing Any Number of Drama Complexes), namely Dušan Jovanović’s Sinopsis za happening Hlapci (Synopsis for The Happening of Lackeys) and Rastko Močnik’s Generator, ki iz določenih enot in po preprostih pravilih proizvaja poljubno število dramskih kompleksov (A Generator that Produces Any Number of Drama Complexes from Given Units and According to Simple Rules) as well as Simona Semenič’s mi, evropski mrliči (we, the european corpses) and Varja Hrvatin’s Vse se je začelo z golažem iz zajčkov (It All Started with the Bunny Rabbit Goulash), the paper shows that the neo-avant-garde is more about the question of theatrical performances and the form of the dramatic text, while contemporary drama is more about the search for authenticity and dramatic effects.
THE GENERATOR:: for Any Number
of Staged Readings
Authors: Hrvatin Varja , Radi Buh Maša , Ribič Jakob
Published: August 2023

In the paper, the authors discuss the concept of staged readings, arguing that they are
the predominant performance format for presentations of young playwriting. However,
such presentations should not be understood as an intermediate stage between reading
and performing but as a fully-fledged and independent artistic genre. Many staged
readings thus lose the function of “first information” about the text and its author.
Instead, they have become a proper way of performing a text, thus opening up a wider
area for theatrical experimentation. Using concrete examples, the authors will reflect on
practices characterised by the text becoming the main or even the only thing necessary
for a theatrical event and reading (in all its possible ways and forms) becoming the key
theatrical means.
Disputation on the Five Paradoxes of “Toilet
Poetry” with a Prologue and an Epilogue
Authors: Kozak Krištof Jacek
Published: August 2023

Among the works of Taras Kermauner, probably the biggest expert on Slovenian drama
and its first theoretician, one can also find a single dramatic experiment: a courtroom
debate on the value of avant-garde poetry, based on the case of the accusation against
the poet Tomaž Šalamun. While Kermauner develops the genre of judicial disputation in a theatrically fitting and interesting way, he undermines the disputation with an anticlimactic, anti-dramatic conclusion that postpones the decision on the matter to another space-time. A closer examination of the text reveals several conceptual inconsistencies that can be better understood as paradoxes. Thus, the five points that might be defined as paradoxical could be traced in the text itself concerning substantive categories such as the essence of art, the meaning of a nation for art, art and Marxism, and life as the supreme aesthetic category, while the last paradox is a more formal one, since the courtroom debate, with its conclusion, does not reach any point whatsoever. Regardless of the sufficiently clear and pointed presentation of the positions of the two protagonists, the Prosecutor and the Defender, Kermauner decides, rather than escalating the conflict to a (theatrical) climax, to dilute the disputation based on the inclusion of the audience and the conclusion that the latter, in its role as jury, cannot decide for either side. The (dis)solution of the dilemma of the (national, artistic) quality of avant-garde poetry is thus left – despite the fireworks of
Kermauner’s theatrical courtroom debate – to the future and literary theory.
Darijan Božič’s Musical Theatre Opus in
the Context of the Slovenian Musical
Theatre Scene: An Escape into the LiteraryDramatic in Opposition to the Desire for
the Institutional
Authors: Pompe Gregor
Published: August 2023

Among Slovenian modernist composers, Darijan Božič dedicated the largest part of his
work to musical theatre. The genre classifications of his works show that the composer
constantly searched for a new form of musical theatre. It would appear that he finally
settled on a medium that could almost be designated as a “radio play”, with an emphasis
usually on the spoken word, accompanied by occasional interventions of instrumental music. Over time, these interventions appeared to lose their modernist edge (harmonic clusters) and approach postmodernism by juxtaposing diverse elements. Thus, a characteristic of Božic’s works is their double imbalance: the language strongly dominates the music, while at the same time, the composer’s desire to implement avant-garde theatrical procedures in an institutional opera house seems unusual.
Characterization of gas and particle emissions from open burning of household solid waste from South Africa
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , Firouzkouhi Hatef , Chow Judith C. , Watson John G. , Carter Warren , De Vos Alexandra S. M.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Open burning of household and municipal solid waste is a
frequent practice in many developing countries. Due to limited resources for
collection and proper disposal, solid waste is often disposed of in
neighborhoods and open-burned in piles to reduce odors and create space for
incoming waste. Emissions from these ground-level and low-temperature burns
cause air pollution, leading to adverse health effects among community
residents. In this study, laboratory combustion experiments were conducted to
characterize gas and particle emissions from 10 waste categories
representative of those burned in South Africa: paper, leather/rubber,
textiles, plastic bottles, plastic bags, vegetation (with three different
moisture content levels), food discards, and combined materials. Carbon
dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured in real time to
calculate modified combustion efficiencies (MCEs). MCE is used along with
video observations to determine fuel-based emission factors (EFs) during
flaming and smoldering phases as well as the entire combustion process. Fuel
elemental composition and moisture content have strong influences on
emissions. Plastic bags have the highest carbon content and the highest
combustion efficiency, leading to the highest EFs for CO2. Textiles
have the highest nitrogen and sulfur content, resulting in the highest EFs
for nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Emissions are
similar for vegetation with 0 % and 20 % moisture content; however, EFs
for CO and particulate matter (PM) from the vegetation with 50 % moisture
content are 3 and 20–30 times, respectively, those from 0 % and 20 %
moisture content. This study also shows that neglecting carbon in the ash
and PM can lead to significant overestimation of EFs. Results from this
study are applicable to emission inventory improvements as well as air
quality management to assess the health and climate effects of household-waste open burning.
Direct observation for relative-humidity-dependent mixing states of submicron particles containing organic surfactants and inorganic salts
Authors: Xiong Chun , Kuang Binyu , Zhang Fei , Pei Xiangyu , Xu Zhengning , Wang Zhibin
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Aerosol mixing state plays an important role in heterogeneous reactions and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity. Organic surfactants could affect aerosol mixing state through bulk–surface partitioning. However, the mixing state of surfactant-containing particles remains unclear due to the lack of direct measurements. Here, direct characterizations of the mixing state for 20 kinds of submicron particles containing inorganic salts (NaCl and (NH4)2SO4) and atmospheric organic surfactants (organosulfates, organosulfonates, and dicarboxylic acids) were conducted upon relative humidity (RH) cycling by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). As the RH increased, the surfactant shells inhibited water diffusion being exposed to the inorganic core, leading to notably increased inorganic deliquescence RH (88.3 %–99.5 %) when compared with pure inorganic aerosol. Meanwhile, we directly observed an obvious Ostwald ripening process (that is, the growth of larger crystals at the expense of smaller ones) in 6 out of 10 NaCl–organic surfactant systems. As a result of water inhibition by the organic surfactant shell, Ostwald ripening in all systems occurred at RH above 90 %, which were higher than the reported RH range for pure NaCl measured at 27 ∘C (75 %–77 %). As RH decreased, eight systems underwent liquid–liquid-phase separation (LLPS) before efflorescence, showing a strong dependence on the organic molecular oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O:C). Quantitatively, LLPS was always observed when O:C≤0.43 and was never observed when O:C>∼0.57. Separation RH (SRH) of inorganic salt–organic surfactant mixtures generally followed the trend of (NH4)2SO4 < NaCl, which is consistent with their salting-out efficiencies reported in previous studies. Solid-phase separations were observed after efflorescence for systems without LLPS. Our results provide a unique insight into the consecutive mixing processes of the inorganic salt–organic surfactant particles, which would help improve our fundamental knowledge of model development on radiative effect.
Version 8 IMK/IAA MIPAS measurements of CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22
Authors: Stiller Gabriele P. , von Clarmann Thomas , Glatthor Norbert , Grabowski Udo , Kellmann Sylvia , Kiefer Michael , Laeng Alexandra , Linden Andrea , Funke Bernd , Garcia-Comas Maya , Lopez-Puertas Manuel
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on Envisat provided infrared limb emission spectra, which were used to infer global distributions of CFC-11, CFC-12, and HCFC-22. Spectra were analysed using constrained non-linear least squares fitting. Changes with respect to earlier data versions refer to the use of version 8 spectra, the altitude range where the background continuum is considered, details of the regularisation and microwindow selection, and the occasional joint-fitting of interfering species, new spectroscopic data, the joint-fit of a tangent-height dependent spectral offset, and the use of 2D temperature fields. In the lower stratosphere the error budget is dominated by uncertainties in spectroscopic data, while above measurement noise is the leading error source. The vertical resolution of CFC-11 and CFC-12 is 2–3 km near the tropopause, about 4 km at 30 km altitude and 6–10 km at 50 km. The vertical resolution of HCFC-22 is somewhat coarser, 3–4 km at the tropopause and 10–12 km at 35 km altitude. In the altitude range of interest, the horizontal resolution is typically limited by the horizontal sampling of the measurements, not by the smearing of the retrieval. Horizontal information displacement does not exceed 150 km, which can become an issue only for comparisons with model simulations with high horizontal resolution or localised in-situ observations. Along with the regular data product, an alternative representation of the data on a coarser vertical grid is offered. These data can be used without consideration of the averaging kernels. The new data version provides improvement with respect to reduction of biases and improved consistency between the full and reduced resolution mission period of MIPAS.
Variability and drivers of carbonate chemistry at shellfish aquaculture sites in the Salish Sea, British Columbia
Authors: Simpson Eleanor , Ianson Debby , Kohfeld Karen Elizabeth , Franco Ana C. , Covert Paul A. , Davelaar Marty , Perreault Yves
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Ocean acidification reduces seawater pH and calcium carbonate saturation states (Ω), which can have detrimental effects on calcifying organisms such as shellfish. Nearshore areas, where shellfish aquaculture typically operates, have limited data available to characterize variability in key ocean acidification parameters pH and Ω, as samples are costly to analyse and difficult to collect. This study collected samples from four nearshore locations at shellfish aquaculture sites on the Canadian Pacific coast from 2015–2018 and analysed them for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA), enabling the calculation of pH and Ω for all seasons. The study evaluated the diel and seasonal variability in carbonate chemistry conditions at each location and estimated the contribution of drivers to seasonal and diel changes in pH and Ω. Nearshore locations experience a greater range of variability and seasonal and daily changes in pH and Ω than open waters. Biological uptake of DIC by phytoplankton is the major driver of seasonal and diel changes in pH and Ω at our nearshore sites. The study found that freshwater is not a key driver of diel variability, despite large changes over the day in some locations. Shellfish mortality events coincide with highly favourable pH and Ω conditions during summer and are most likely linked to high surface temperatures and disease rather than ocean acidification. To reduce shellfish mortality, shellfish could be hung lower in the water column (5–20 m) to avoid high temperatures and disease, while still experiencing favourable pH and Ω conditions for shellfish.
Snow mechanical properties variability at the slope scale, implication for snow mechanical modeling
Authors: Meloche Francis , Gauthier Francis , Langlois Alexandre
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Snow avalanches represent a natural hazard for infrastructures and backcountry recreationists. Risk assessment of avalanche danger is difficult due to the sparse nature of available observations informing on snowpack mechanical and geophysical properties and overall stability. The spatial variability of these properties also adds complexity to the decision-making and route finding in avalanche terrain for mountain users. Snow cover models simulate snow mechanical properties with good accuracy at fairly good spatial resolution (around 100 m). However, monitoring small-scale variability at the slope scale (5–50 m) remains critical given that slope stability and the possible size of an avalanche are governed by such scale. In order to better understand and predict the spatial variability at the slope scale, this work explores existing linkages between snow mechanical properties and microtopographic indicators. First, we compared covariance models and scaling properties. Then, we predicted snow mechanical properties, including point snow stability, using GAM spatial models (Generalized Additives Models) with microtopographic indicators as covariates. Snow mechanical properties such as snow density, elastic modulus, shear modulus and snow microstructural strength were measured at multiple locations over several studied slopes using a high-resolution snow penetrometer (SMP), in Rogers Pass, British-Columbia, and Mt Albert, Québec. Point snow stability such as the skier crack length, critical propagation crack length and a skier stability index were derived using the snow mechanical properties from SMP measurements. Microtopographic indicators such as the topographic position index (TPI), vegetation height and proximity, Up-wind slope index (wind exposed/sheltered area) and potential radiation index were derived from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) surveys with sub-meter resolution. We computed the variogram and log-log variogram of snow mechanical properties. The comparison showed some similarities in correlation distances fractal dimensions between the slab depth and slab snow density and also between the weak layer microstructural strength and the stability metrics. GAM models suggested several significant covariates such as TPI, VRM, Winstral index, vegetation height and distance to vegetation. The point snow stability maps generated represents good teaching material in avalanche skill training and awareness course. The difference in spatial pattern between the slab and the weak layer should be considered in snow mechanical modeling.
Understanding the vertical temperature structure of recent record-shattering heatwaves
Authors: Hotz Belinda , Papritz Lukas , Röthlisberger Matthias
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Extreme heatwaves are one of the most impactful natural hazards, posing risks to human health, infrastructure and ecosystems. Recent theoretical as well as observational studies suggested that the vertical temperature structure during heatwaves limits the magnitude of near-surface heat through convective instability. In this study, we thus examine in detail the vertical temperature structure during three recent record-shattering heatwaves, the Pacific Northwest (PNW) heatwave in 2021, the Western Russia (RU) heatwave in 2010, and the West European and UK (UK) heatwave in 2022 by decomposing temperature anomalies (T') in the entire tropospheric column above the surface into contributions from advection, adiabatic warming and cooling, and diabatic processes. All three heatwaves exhibited bottom-heavy yet vertically deep positive T' extending throughout the troposphere. Importantly, though, the T' magnitude and the underlying physical processes vary greatly in the vertical within each heatwave, as well as across distinct heatwaves, reflecting the diverse synoptic storylines of these events. The PNW heatwave was strongly influenced by an upstream cyclone and an associated warm conveyor belt, which amplified an extreme quasi-stationary ridge and generated substantial mid- to upper-tropospheric positive T' through advection and diabatic heating. In some contrast, positive upper-tropospheric T' during the RU heatwave was caused by advection, while during the UK heatwave, it exhibited modest positive diabatic contributions from upstream latent heating only during the early phase of the respective ridge. Adiabatic warming notably contributed positively to lower tropospheric T' in all three heatwaves, but only in the lowermost 200–300 hPa. Near the surface, all three processes contributed positively to T' in the PNW and RU heatwave, while near-surface diabatic T' was negligible during the UK heatwave. Moreover, there is clear evidence for an amplification and downward propagation of adiabatic T' during the PNW and UK heatwaves, whereby the maximum near-surface T' coincided with the arrival of maximum adiabatic T' in the boundary layer. Additionally, the widespread "ageing" of near-surface T' over the course of these events now quantitatively supports the notion of heat domes, within which air recirculates and accumulates heat. Our results for the first time document the four-dimensional functioning of anticyclone-heatwave couplets in terms of advection, adiabatic and diabatic cooling or warming, and shed light on the complex interplay between large-scale dynamics, moist convection and boundary layer processes that ultimately determines near-surface temperatures during heatwaves.
ENSO statistics, teleconnections, and atmosphere–ocean coupling in the Taiwan Earth System Model version 1
Authors: Wang Yi-Chi , Tseng Wan-Ling , Chen Yu-Luen , Lee Shih-Yu , Hsu Huang-Hsiung , Liang Hsin-Chien
Published: August 2023

Abstract. This study provides an overview of the fundamental
statistics and features of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in
the historical simulations of the Taiwan Earth System Model version 1
(TaiESM1). Compared with observations, TaiESM1 can reproduce the fundamental
features of observed ENSO signals, including seasonal phasing, thermocline
coupling with winds, and atmospheric teleconnection during El Niño
events. However, its ENSO response is approximately 2 times stronger than
observed in the spectrum, resulting in powerful teleconnection
signals. The composite of El Niño events shows a strong westerly anomaly
extending fast to the eastern Pacific in the initial stage in March, April, and
May, initiating a warm sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) there. This
warm SSTA is maintained through September, October, and November (SON) and
gradually diminishes after peaking in December. Analysis of wind stress–SST
and heat flux–SST coupling indicates that biased positive SST–shortwave
feedback significantly contributes to the strong warm anomaly over the
eastern Pacific, especially in SON. Our analysis demonstrates TaiESM1's
capability to simulate ENSO – a significant tropical climate variation on
interannual scales with strong global impacts – and provides insights into
mechanisms in TaiESM1 related to ENSO biases, laying the foundation for
future model development to reduce uncertainties in TaiESM1 and climate
models in general.
A global grid model for the estimation of zenith tropospheric delay considering the variations at different altitudes
Authors: Huang Liangke , Lan Shengwei , Zhu Ge , Chen Fade , Li Junyu , Liu Lilong
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The accuracy of tropospheric delay correction heavily depends on the quality of the tropospheric model, and zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) is an important factor affecting the tropospheric delay. Therefore, it is essential to establish a precise ZTD empirical model. The existing ZTD models have limitations such as using a single fitting function, neglecting daily cycle variations, and relying on only one resolution grid data for modeling. To address these limitations, we propose a global piecewise ZTD empirical grid (GGZTD-P) model. This model considers the daily-cycle variation and latitude factor of ZTD, using the sliding window algorithm based on fifth-generation European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) atmospheric reanalysis data. The ZTD data from 545 radiosonde stations and the second Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2) atmospheric reanalysis data are used to validate the accuracy of the GGZTD-P model. The results indicate that the GGZTD-P model outperforms the GPT3 model, exhibiting 26 % and 53 % lower bias and RMS, respectively, when using radiosonde stations as reference values. Furthermore, when evaluated using MERRA-2 atmospheric reanalysis data, the GGZTD-P model consistently exhibits superior performance across various latitude regions. It’s expected that application of this new model will provide improved services for high-precision GNSS positioning and GNSS meteorology.
Changes in Mediterranean flood processes and seasonality
Authors: Tramblay Yves , Arnaud Patrick , Artigue Guillaume , Lang Michel , Paquet Emmanuel , Neppel Luc , Sauquet Eric
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Floods are a major natural hazard in the Mediterranean region, causing deaths and extensive damages. Recent studies have shown that intense rainfall
events are becoming more extreme in this region but, paradoxically, without leading to an increase in the severity of floods. Consequently, it is
important to understand how flood events are changing to explain this absence of trends in flood magnitude despite increased rainfall extremes. A
database of 98 stations in southern France with an average record of 50 years of daily river discharge data between 1959 and 2021 was
considered, together with a high-resolution reanalysis product providing precipitation and simulated soil moisture and a classification of weather
patterns associated with rainfall events over France. Flood events, corresponding to an average occurrence of 1 event per year (5317 events in
total), were extracted and classified into excess-rainfall, short-rainfall, and long-rainfall event types. Several flood event characteristics have
been also analyzed: flood event durations, base flow contribution to floods, runoff coefficient, total and maximum event rainfall, and antecedent
soil moisture. The evolution through time of these flood event characteristics and seasonality was analyzed. Results indicated that, in most
basins, floods tend to occur earlier during the year, the mean flood date being, on average, advanced by 1 month between 1959–1990 and
1991–2021. This seasonal shift could be attributed to the increased frequency of southern-circulation weather types during spring and summer. An
increase in total and extreme-event precipitation has been observed, associated with a decrease of antecedent soil moisture before rainfall
events. The majority of flood events are associated with excess rainfall on saturated soils, but their relative proportion is decreasing over time,
notably in spring, with a concurrent increased frequency of short rain floods. For most basins there is a positive correlation between antecedent
soil moisture and flood event runoff coefficients that is remaining stable over time, with dryer soils producing less runoff and a lower
contribution of base flow to floods. In a context of increasing aridity, this relationship is the likely cause of the absence of trends in flood
magnitudes observed in this region and the change of event types. These changes in flood characteristics are quite homogeneous over the domain
studied, suggesting that they are rather linked to the evolution of the regional climate than to catchment characteristics. Consequently, this
study shows that even in the absence of trends, flood properties may change over time, and these changes need to be accounted for when analyzing the
long-term evolution of flood hazards.