bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Розвиток в Україні методів вимірювання в мікрохвильовому і терагерцовому діапазонах електромагнітних хвиль (огляд)
Authors: Дробахін Олег Олегович
Published: December 2024

В огляді проведено аналіз досягнень українських вчених у галузі вимірювань у мікрохвильовому і терагерцовому діапазонах довжин електромагнітних хвиль. Розглянуто застосування надкоротких надширокополосних імпульсів для підповерхневого зондування, виявлення об’єктів. Такі засоби знайшли практичну застосовність у довгохвильовій частині мікрохвильового діапазону. У сантиметровому і міліметровому діапазонах перспективним є застосування методу синтезу часових сигналів за даними багаточастотних вимірювань, досягнуто тривалість імпульсів 70 пс. Синтез може бути здійснений на основі принципу фур’є-голографії у просторі частота-час. Для отримання сигналів у часовій області можуть бути застосовані методи параметричного спектрального аналізу. Низка приладів базується на ідеї інтерферометра Майкельсона, яка реалізована на хресті з надрозмірних хвилеводів, Е-площинному хвилеводному хресті. Багатозондові вимірювачі (мінімальна кількість зондів – 2) дозволяють отримати значення комплексного коефіцієнту відбиття. Такий вимірювач реалізує принцип голографії на зустрічних пучках в дискретному варіанті. На основі такого підходу були практично реалізовані безконтактні вимірювачі вібрацій. Нейронні мережі знайшли застосування для калібрування детекторів, розпізнавання та оцінки координат об’єктів. Резонансні методи вимірювань представлені низкою типів резонаторів: резонатори з коливаннями типу «шепочучої галереї», комбіновані відкриті резонатори із відрізком короткозамкненого хвилеводу, зв’язані біконічні резонатори. Реалізовані методи фізичної характеризації рідин у надмалих об’ємах, порядку мікролітру. Такі виміри базуються на визначенні резонансної частоти і добротності типу коливань. Для визначення таких параметрів у загальному випадку має застосовуватися дробово-раціональна апроксімація. Резонансні датчики покращили засоби ближнепольової скануючої мікроскопії.  Вимірювання властивостей матеріалів, неруйнівний контроль значною мірою базується на розв’язку відповідної оберненої задачі для шаруватих структур. В огляді подано результати досліджень у цьому напрямі.
Um currículo diferenciado para homens e mulheres. A tardia mudança curricular no Ginásio de Campinas a partir da inserção feminina em 1909
Authors: Panhan Cristiana Maria Mendonça
Published: December 2024

O Ginásio de Campinas, atual Escola Estadual “Culto à Ciência” manteve ao longo dos seus primeiros anos de funcionamento um currículo escolar enciclopédico, de caráter propedêutico e eclético, característica apontada por Moraes (2006), Nadai (1987) e Alvez (2009) aos descreverem sobre as disciplinas dos três Colégios, respectivamente, Ginásio de São Paulo, Ginásio de Campinas (atual EE “Culto à Ciência”) e Ginásio Nacional (Colégio Pedro II), no Rio de Janeiro. Segundo as autoras, essa característica se deu pelo fato desses Colégios terem um caráter preparatório para os cursos superiores, o que também contribuiu para o impedimento à entrada feminina e, portanto, à permanência do sexo masculino. Com a entrada das primeiras mulheres, a partir de 1909, não houve, de imediato, mudança na estrutura curricular, somente a partir de 1942 percebe-se a inserção de disciplinas voltadas para a educação da mulher no lar.
Analisis Kesiapan Jurnal Akademik di Lingkungan Universitas Tidar menuju Bereputasi Nasional
Authors: Agustyaningrum Nina , Jannah Eka Nur , Ikhwan Khairul
Published: December 2024

Scientific journals are crucial for disseminating research and providing up-to-date references in various fields.  As such, any research that does not refer to current and relevant journals will lose its significance and novelty. Therefore, earnest efforts are necessary to produce quality journals, particularly within higher education institutions. This study aims to analyze the readiness of journals at Tidar University to achieve accreditation as nationally reputable journals through SINTA accreditation. The analysis refers to the instruments and criteria required by the national journal accreditation system (ARJUNA). This research is a descriptive quantitative study using a literature review method by conducting an online search of journal websites. The collected information is analyzed using content analysis methods to obtain information on the readiness of the journals according to the scientific journal accreditation guidelines. Findings indicate that out of 34 journals at Tidar University, 24 (70%) are unaccredited. These unaccredited journals have the potential to pursue accreditation. Journals meeting accreditation requirements include the Journal of Aquaculture Development and Environment (JADE), Journal of Livestock Science and Production (JaLSPro), THETA OMEGA: Journal of Electrical Engineering, Computer, and Information Technology, Jurnal Rekayasa Infrastruktur Sipil, ABDIPRAJA, and Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat (KASTARA). Other journals need to fulfill requirements such as obtaining a DOI, having two years of publication history, and Google Scholar indexing. Based on these findings, the university should support by providing training and mentoring for journal editors to improve management, thereby achieving national accreditation.
THE ROLE OF INTERACTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS IN STRENGTHENING ESG PRACTICES AND INVESTMENT EFFICIENCY: MCS-LOC INSIGHTS
Authors:   Universitas Trisakti, Anis Idrianita , Arsjah Regina Jansen ,   Universitas Trisakti, Hartini Hartini ,   Universitas Trisakti
Published: December 2024

This research aims to develop an Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices model
and index based on sustainable finance regulation from a Management Control System Four Levers
of Control (MCS-LoC) perspective. The ESG index was developed by utilizing content analysis of
information disclosure in annual and sustainability reports of ten non-financial industry sectors
listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2022 (640 observations). Subsequently, the
effect of the ESG Index on Investment Efficiency (IE) was tested with the moderating role of
Interactive Control (INTR). The results indicate that companies are in the second stage of the
sustainable business transition, characterized by initiatives to formulate strategies and risk
governance. ESG practices do not affect IE, but there is a moderating role (strengthening) of INTR
in the general scenario. Additionally, INTR moderates the effect of Belief Systems but does not
moderate the influence of Boundary Systems on IE. Conversely, Diagnostics Control negatively
moderates (weakening) in the underinvestment scenario. In the overinvestment scenario, INTR
negatively moderates the relationship between ESG practices and IE. This research successfully
demonstrates the transformative potential of MCS-LoC in ESG practices and can enhance IE. The
findings have practical implications for the non-financial industry and provide input for regulators.
THE ROLE OF COST OF CAPITAL IN THE LINK BETWEEN ESG REPORTING AND FIRM PERFORMANCE
Authors:   University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana, Dwomor Emmanuel , Mensah Emmanuel ,   University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana
Published: December 2024

The attention surrounding Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors within the corporate realm has grown significantly, as evidence mounts regarding their influence on firm performance. This research explores the connection between ESG reporting and firm performance from emerging economies’ perspective, with the cost of capital acting as a mediator to enhance our understanding of how capital providers perceive the risk profile of ESG-compliant firms and thereby reward them through a reduction in the costs they demand on their invested capital. The study sourced annual reports data on a sample of 146 emerging market firms across 59 industries spanning 2019 to 2022 from 18 emerging economies. ESG data was sourced from Sustainalytics database. Panel data models were used in the analysis. The study discovers a positive link between ESG reporting and firm performance, indicating that companies with robust ESG reporting tend to fare better financially. Moreover, it identifies a negative relationship between ESG reporting and the cost of capital, implying that stronger ESG reporting practices lower a firm’s cost of capital. Additionally, the study ascertains the mediating role of the cost of capital in the relationship between ESG reporting and firm performance, emphasising its significance in shaping the financial outcomes of firms in emerging economies. The study extends stakeholder and legitimacy theories to emerging economies, emphasizing their adaptability. It highlights the mediating role of the cost of capital in the ESG-performance relationship, contributing to the literature. Practically, it shows ESG-compliant firms as lower-risk investments, offering guidance to investors and informing policymakers to foster ESG adoption and sustainability through regulations.
The Effectiveness of the Talking Stick Method in Improving Viewing Skills in the Digital Age
Authors: Indrayani Vivi , Yanti Nafri , Diani Irma , Noermanzah Noermanzah , Kurniawan Rio
Published: December 2024

This research was motivated by the weak viewing skills of students due to the minimal opportunities to practice viewing in the learning process. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of the talking stick method in improving students viewing skills, visual analysis, and critical thinking in the digital era, especially in learning short films. The study was conducted on students of Class X Computer and Network Engineering (TKJ) at SMK Negeri 2 Bengkulu Tengah using a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and pretest-posttest to see the development of students’ abilities after the application of the talking stick method. The results showed a significant increase in the final test scores compared to the initial test across all students, with an average increase range of 18 to 23 points. The talking stick method has been shown to increase student engagement in class discussions, improve their understanding of cinematic elements, such as storylines, characters, and symbolism, and strengthen critical and analytical thinking skills. In addition, this method is effective for application at various levels of student ability, both students with low and high initial scores. Thus, this study provides strong evidence that the talking stick method is an effective approach in visual-based learning and interactive discussions, especially in the context of learning short films in SMK.
Intercultural Learning: Teachers' Perspectives on the Influence of Intercultural Education on Students' Competence
Authors: Adili Bjar , Ameti Makfirete , Zenki-Dalipi Arbresha , Agai Arita
Published: December 2024

Intercultural education is an important dimension for both teachers and students in their personal and professional development. This research explored the primary school teachers’ views on how intercultural education shapes students' intercultural competence. A 12-item scale from Bedeković’s (2011) Survey Questionnaire (SQ) was administered to 217 primary school teachers in the Republic of North Macedonia. Statistical analyses using T-tests and ANOVA revealed significant differences in teachers' perceptions based on school structure, gender, teaching experience, prior intercultural education and education level. Based on these findings, intercultural education should be further integrated into curricula to enhance students' intercultural competence and better equip teachers for diverse classrooms.
PENGEMBANGAN SKALA KEBERSYUKURAN: UJI VALIDASI DAN RELIABILITAS
Authors: Hidayati Diajeng Laily , Purwandari Eny
Published: December 2024

Gratitude is one of the positive emotions closely linked to an individual's psychological well-being. Individuals who perceive and approach problems or suffering positively are more capable of enduring and overcoming such challenges. HIV is a disease for which a cure has not yet been found. Therefore, an assessment of gratitude among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) is necessary to formulate more precise psychological interventions. Testing the validity and reliability of this gratitude measurement scale can significantly contribute to research, evaluation, or intervention efforts related to feelings of gratitude within the population of PLHIV. The researcher obtained responses from 232 participants, with the majority being male aged 25-49, accounting for 59.05%, and the majority having completed high school education, totaling 56.90%. After undergoing psychometric testing, including assessments of internal consistency and construct validity, it can be concluded that the gratitude scale used in this study demonstrates good validity and reliability. This scale consistently measures the same concept and has been validated in assessing gratitude through three main factors: sense of appreciation, positive feelings, and expressions of gratitude.
Transitioning to L1 Instruction University: A Case Study of EMI Graduates in Indonesia
Authors: Hutabarat Pritz
Published: December 2024

The phenomenon of English as a medium of instruction (EMI) has spread across the globe with the promise of equipping students with high English proficiency levels. While a plethora of research has been done to explore students’ and teachers’ readiness for EMI, very few have dealt with the reverse phenomenon, EMI graduates transferring from English to first-language (L1) medium instruction. Therefore, conducted as a case study of six EMI graduates, this research project seeks to understand how the participant adapted to L1 instruction at higher education. The data was collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal seven themes in the participants’ experiences namely, developing critical thinking skills, reading skills and the love of literature, language flexibility, challenges in transitioning to L1 instructions, essay writing challenges, challenges in socializing, and mentoring and tutoring as a learning strategy. The study concludes that the participants had a positive experience transitioning from EMI to L1 instruction. They also value English as their linguistic capital and employ various strategies to make the transitioning process go smoothly. This study helps EMI teachers, parents, and policymaker to mitigate the transition process for students who are moving from one language of instruction to another. Such mitigation is necessary to reduce anxiety and improve student’s readiness to study in the new linguistic environment.
Islamic Legal Strategies in Indonesian Contexts to Combat Cybercrime and the Spread of Illegal Data Dissemination
Authors: Sibawaihi Muhammad , Guspita Devika Rosa , Badriyah Badriyah
Published: December 2024

This research examines Islamic law strategies in Indonesia to combat cybercrime and illegal data dissemination. The main focus is to identify and analyze relevant Islamic law approaches in cybercrime in Indonesia and assess their effectiveness in addressing illegal data dissemination. Qualitative methodology was used to collect data, including document analysis and expert interviews. The results show that applying Islamic law principles such as justice, transparency, and accountability can strengthen law enforcement policies and practices in addressing cybercrime. The findings also emphasize the importance of improving education and awareness about Islamic law in preventing cybercrime. As a practical contribution, this research offers a legal framework that policymakers and law enforcement can integrate to address cybercrime and illegal data dissemination more effectively. By referring to principles such as justice (al-'adl) and the protection of individual rights (huquq al-insan), the article proposes preventive and enforcement measures that can be applied in the context of legal product formulation, policy drafting and more flexible law enforcement.
Manajemen Humas pada “Festival Seni dan Kreasi Anak” dalam Membangun Citra Merek Lembaga Pendidikan
Authors: Nadziroh Isna Faridatun , Ngadhimah Mambaul
Published: December 2024

The increasing number of quality educational institutions has created new, fairly tight competition in managing educational institutions. To survive during competition, it is necessary to manage differentiating programs carried out by educational institutions to build a positive impression and image of the institution in the public mind. Children's arts and creative festival events integrated with public relations management are the right solution so that the programs run can be known to the general public with the advantages and uniqueness that are highlighted. This research is a case study research with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used include observation, interviews and documentation which are processed using interactive data analysis techniques Miles, Huberman, and Saldana models consist of four stages in the form of data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and data verification. The location of the research was conducted at SD Immersion with branding school-based multiple intelligences. This study aims to analyze how the process of implementing public relations management is carried out in line with the theory of Cultip, Center, and Brown which consists of collecting facts, defining problems, planning, implementing communication, and evaluating as steps in managing programs effectively and efficiently. The role of public relations management in children's arts and creativity festival with various competitions, used by SD Immersion as a step to build brand institutions to the general public through the dissemination of information related to student achievement, the use of learning models and methods, and the culture built by the institution.
Manajemen Program Alfamart Class sebagai Strategi Kolaboratif Pengembangan Karier Siswa di SMKN 1 Ponorogo
Authors: Pradana Adi , Thoyib Muhammad , Humaisi M. Syafiq
Published: December 2024

Vocational high school is a secondary education program that prepares students to work in a particular field. Source Alfaria Triijaya Tbk (Alfamart) with the Alfamart Class program to help students prepare themselves for ready to work. The purpose of this study is to analyze the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the Alfamart Class program in student career development. This study uses a qualitative research type that uses data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and documentation. At the same time, the data analysis process uses data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and concluding. The results show that the Alfamart Class program is planned before the new school year with involvement from the school community and Alfamart. Program objectives, strategies, and preparation are determined before implementation. The Alfamart Class program was implemented by the East Java Provincial Government, with leaders playing a crucial role in mobilizing members. This program addresses students' career development needs by considering existing supporting and inhibiting factors. Strategies are essensial to achieving goals. The Alfamart Class program at SMKN 1 Ponorogo was evaluated. The evaluation aimed to collect obstacles, identify program obstacles, and carry out follow-up based on the evaluation results. The evaluation showed an increase in students' knowledge and skills. 85% of the students continue their careers at Alfamart.
Impact of food behavior and nutritional intake on the health status of hemodialysis patients
Authors: N Syedali Fathima , K Merina Elizabeth  Joseph , KN Preethi , Abraham Georgi , D Anandhi
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Adequate nutrition intake by hemodialysis (HD) patients is known to prevent complications and achieving better quality of life. This study was done to compare food behavior and nutritional intake between well-nourished and malnourished HD patients. Methodology: The study included 94 patients, on HD for at least 2 months were randomly selected after getting their prior consent. The study is done with the help of validated questionnaire. The information’s were collected from case sheets and patient through direct interview. Results: Out of 94 selected HD patients 46.8% were well nourished, 50% were mild to moderately malnourished and 3.2% were severely malnourished. The study on the food behavior shows that there is a positive impact on health status of the HD patients based on the number of meals taken in a day and inclusion of food groups such as pulses, egg, meat, vegetables and fruits. The mean ± SD of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate taken by the HD patients were 1386.72 ± 353.13 kcal/day, 43.67 ± 11.53 g/day, 32.85 ± 9.11 g/day and 213.81 ± 49.45 g/day. It is observed that there is a statistically significant difference in the health status of HD patients based on the intake of calories, fat and carbohydrate. The study shows no statistically significant difference among the three different health groups based on the consumption of protein. The vintage of Dialysis was also significantly associated with the nutritional status. Conclusion: The present study shows that there is a positive influence of food behavior and nutritional intake on hemodialysis patient’s health status.
Vitreous hemorrhage in patients with uveitis: a comparative study between adults and children
Authors: Abroug Nesrine , Dridi Tarek , Mourali Mootez , Nabi Wijdene , Ksiaa Imen , Kechida Melek , Khochtali Sana , Jelliti Bechir , Khairallah Moncef
Published: December 2024

Purpose
To compare clinical findings and visual outcomes of vitreous hemorrhage (VH) associated with uveitis in adults versus children.
Methods
a retrospective comparative study.
Results
There were 36 adults (44 eyes) and 10 children (12 eyes). Median age was 35 years in the adult group and 9.5 years in the pediatric group. VH was the presenting manifestation of the underlying uveitis in 45.7% of patients. VH in the adult group was more frequently associated with vascular sheathing, retinal hemorrhages, and extensive peripheral retinal ischemia on fluorescein angiography (FA), whereas VH in the pediatric group was associated with a significantly lower presenting visual acuity, and more frequently with vitritis and non-occlusive retinal vasculitis with fern-like retinal capillaritis. The most common source of bleeding was ischemia-driven retinal or optic disc neovascularization in the adult group (81.8%, p ≤ 0.001) and inflammation-driven optic disc neovascularization in the pediatric group (66.6%, p ≤ 0.001). A retinal vasoproliferative tumor was the cause of VH in one child (1.8%). Tuberculosis and Behçet’s uveitis were the most common etiologies of uveitis in the adult group. Idiopathic intermediate uveitis/pars planitis was the leading cause of VH in the pediatric group. The mean final visual acuity was significantly higher in the pediatric group (20/25) than in the adult group (20/50) (p = 0.045).
Conclusions
VH associated with uveitis has a distinctive clinical and etiological profile between adults and children. The main source of bleeding was ischemia-driven neovascularization in adults and inflammation-driven neovascularization in children.
Rare Presentation of Cysticercosis—A Case Report on Buccal Mucosa Involvement
Authors: BIRADAR AISHWARYA , BABU MANU S , INGALE MAYUR
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION
Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium. The larval stage, known as Cysticercus cellulosae, can lodge in various tissues of the body, with the most common sites being the brain, eyes, and skeletal muscles . Oral cysticercosis is considered a rare occurrence, and a precise clinical diagnosis is not usually established. We present a case of cysticercosis on the buccal mucosa of a patient and review the relevant literature.
CASE REPORT
A 23-year-old female patient presented with a swelling on the cheek that had been present for about three years. The lesion was painless and had shown a slow rate of growth was treated surgically and post op antihelminthic drugs
Discussion
Surgical excision remains the mainstay of treatment for localized cysticercosis, followed by antiparasitic medication like Albendazole and Praziquantel to prevent recurrence or dissemination
conclusion
Prompt recognition and early, proactive treatment of cysticercosis are always advantageous, as they help avoid unnecessary surgical interventions and ensure a favorable outcome for the patient.
A Qualitative Study: New Zealand Medical Students’ Experience of Cognitive Bias Modification-Stereotype (CBM-S)—A Self-Run Digital Implicit Bias Training
Authors: Hsu Che-Wei , Robbins Alex , Cartwright Tiana
Published: December 2024

In healthcare, it has been well-documented that marginalized communities face a higher risk of health problems due to inequitable opportunities, with implicit bias contributing a major role to this health inequity. In the present qualitative study, we aimed to complement a previous randomized control trial that examined Cognitive Bias Modification-Stereotype (CBM-S)—a self-run digital training for medical students targeting their implicit stereotype bias towards Māori, an indigenous population of New Zealand. We gathered feedback from New Zealand medical students’ experiences and acceptance of CBM-S in order to improve its implementation in medical education. Semi-structured group interviews were conducted with 20 students (in their 1st to 5th year of medicine), with 3–5 students per interview group. Qualitative analyses using framework and thematic analysis revealed six major thematic categories: Engagement; Understanding of CBM-S; Perceived impact of CBM-S; Application of CBM-S; Barriers and facilitators; Initial expectations of training, along with several nested sub-themes. By and large, CBM-S was perceived favorably by students on various aspects, including engagement, clarity, application, and effectiveness and relevance to clinical settings and stereotyping of Māori patients. Particularly, students appreciated the self-guided format and active involvement during the training, reporting a sense of independence, engagement, and feeling in control of the pace. Several helpful suggestions were made with including debriefing sessions, interactive discussion session, and ways to improve the delivery and engagement of CBM-S. The rich content that was obtained from the present study open up an avenue for improving CBM-S for future studies and application in medical education.
The VAPB Axis Precisely Coordinates the Timing of Motoneuron Dendritogenesis in Neural Map Development
Authors: Kamiyama Daichi , Nishida Yuri , Kamiyama Rie , Sego Anthony , Vining George , Bui Kathy , Fitch Miyuki , Do Hy , Avraham Oshri , Chihara Takahiro
Published: December 2024

In Drosophila motoneurons, spatiotemporal dendritic patterns are established in the ventral nerve cord. While many guidance cues have been identified, the mechanisms of temporal regulation remain unknown. Previously, we identified the actin modulator Cdc42 GTPase as a key factor in this process. In this report, we further identify the upstream factors that activate Cdc42. Using single-cell genetics, FRET-based imaging, and biochemical techniques, we demonstrate that the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav is anchored to the plasma membrane via the Eph receptor tyrosine kinase, enabling Cdc42 activation. VAMP-associated protein 33 (Vap33), an Eph ligand supplied non-cell-autonomously, may induce Eph autophosphorylation, initiating downstream signaling. Traditionally known as an ER-resident protein, Vap33 is secreted extracellularly at the onset of Cdc42 activation, acting as a temporal cue. In humans, VAPB—the ortholog of Vap33—is similarly secreted in the spinal cord, and its dysregulation leads to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 8 (ALS8) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Our findings provide a framework linking VAPB signaling to motor circuitry formation in both health and disease.
High-efficiency monitoring of respiratory viruses in a single exhaled breath
Authors: Liu Quanjun , Li Weihao , Gao Han , Cheng Mengqing , Yin Chaoyi , Lv Manman , Han Yemin , Yu Haotian , Lin Weiming , Huang Yan , Zhang Qaing , Meng Dianhuai , Weng Tian , Lu Zuhong
Published: December 2024

Exhaled breath (EB), as a non-invasive biological sample, has garnered attention for diagnosis and monitoring respiratory diseases. However, efficiently collecting EB viruses for downstream detection remains a key challenge. This study introduced a novel Phase-change Drywall Cyclone Sampler (PDC-sampler), which was designed and optimized through airflow control to integrate condensation with drywall cyclone gas-liquid separation. The PDC-sampler efficiently collects viral particles from EB (8-10 μL per single EB (SEB)) without requiring a sampling liquid solution. When combined with the gold-standard reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), it enabled routine positive detection in infected individuals (≥ 103 copies/SEB). By coupling with the low-cost microfluidic electrophoretic virus enrichment chip or the high-cost and highly sensitive droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), the detection limit of EB viruses was reduced to 5-9 copies/SEB, which is an order of magnitude lower than the minimum viral concentration required for infection (~ 102 copies/SEB). Notably, tests on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza-infected volunteers demonstrated performance comparable to or better than throat swabs, validating the PDC-sampler’s effectiveness in real-world applications. This study provides an efficient, automated, and non-invasive solution for the early diagnosis, transmission mechanism study, and large-scale screening and monitoring of respiratory diseases.
Air Quality Assessment by Daily Estimation of Ground-Level PM2.5 Concentrations over Baghdad City Using MODIS AOD Data
Authors: Abdulrahman Khudhur R.
Published: December 2024

This study concentrates on evaluating the quality of air over Baghdad city by estimating the daily ground-level PM₂.₅ concentrations using MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data from the Terra and Aqua satellites. Because of the scarcity of ground-based monitoring stations in Baghdad satellite data significantly enhances air pollution tracking. AOD measurements from 2022 have been Paired with Ground-level PM₂.₅ Concern concentrations collected from the US Embassy's air quality monitor. Multiple regression models (linear, quadratic, exponential) were applied to estimate PM₂.₅ concentrations, with the quadratic model proving to be the most accurate for most months. The results reveal that air quality in Baghdad frequently falls under the "Unhealthy" and "Very Unhealthy" categories, especially during the winter and early spring due to temperature inversions and open-air burning. In this study, the effectiveness of satellite data in complementing ground measurements is brought to the spotlight as well as emphasizing the necessity for public health interventions during periods of high pollution.
An Assessment of Noise Level Mapping in Plateau State University Bokkos.
Authors: Zitta Solomon Wuyep , Simi Ogbole Alexandra
Published: December 2024

Noise pollution is an increasing environmental issue impacting urban areas, especially educational institutions where the academic performance, health, and well-being of individuals can be affected significantly. This study identified the main sources of noise, measured noise levels, and mapped the spatial distribution of noise pollution within Plateau State University, Bokkos, Nigeria. Using geo-mapping software and sound level meter, a total of 15 monitoring locations within the University were selected based on the land use. Three readings obtained at an interval of one hour; in the morning, at noon and in the evening for a period of one week were recorded. ArcGIS 10.5 was used to perform inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) Interpolation of the Spatial distribution of noise level in the study area. Findings were compared with the World Health Organization and the National Environmental Regulatory agency standard for noise levels. Results showed that students and traffic constitute the major sources of noise in the study environment. High noise levels were recorded at all the selected points, especially the classroom areas where the level is above the standard limit of 50 dB for educational area. The study recommends that in order to manage and control noise pollution, the University should reassign incompatible land uses, build sound proof walls, plant trees, within and around the Campus. In such ways, noise pollution would be minimized, this will hinder the interference of noise with academic activities within the Campus.
The Invisible Burden: factors behind undetected TB cases in India (2000-2024): A Systematic Review
Authors: Shrisunder Rechel
Published: December 2024

Background
India aims to “End TB” by 2025. Despite efforts being made to revolutionize TB care, many factors are fuelling these missing cases in India. To understand this, we conducted a systematic review to identify factors contributing to these gaps, focusing on diagnostic issues, untreated or incompletely treated patients.
Methods
We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science (from 2000 to 2024) for studies analysing factors associated or causing missing TB cases in the Indian context. Based on standard inclusion and exclusion criteria, relevant studies were selected, data related to the factors were extracted. The CASP tool assess the risk of bias in the selected studies.
Results
Among 253 identified articles, 25 studies were finally included which fit the criteria under missing cases. Based on the objectives of the review, we categorized all factors leading to missing cases under patient or provider related with reference to the layers of the onion model. In summary our studies reveal that provider related factors such as: i) Private practitioners inadequate notification to central registries, ii) insufficient training among health care providers causing diagnostic errors iii) inability of the staff to deal with the adverse effects of the drug, iv) Loss to follow-up during diagnosis v) limited diagnostic infrastructure, vi) non-reporting private practitioners lead to missing cases. Likewise, patient-related factors included: i) sputum volume and sample collection, ii) non-adherence to treatment, iii) low education and awareness, iv) socio-cultural taboo, v) loss to follow-up due to poor disease treatment & management awareness which further exacerbated the extent of missing cases. Based on the onion model for missing cases, we highlighted patient and system related factors relevant for missed cases for each layer, with a focus on the Indian scenario.
Conclusion
The review underscores that providers related barriers are further magnified by patient-related challenges. Provider related factors dwarf patient related factors in terms of number, and classification according to the onion model. Addressing these gaps through targeted training for public and private healthcare providers for TB identification, diagnosis, and management; and strengthening diagnostic infrastructure could significantly reduce missed cases and improve TB control efforts in India.
Improved Scaling and Impact Metrics for Pan-Atlantic Atmospheric Rivers
Authors: Thandlam Venugopal , Rutgersson Anna , Sahlee Erik
Published: December 2024

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are essential components of the global water cycle, significantly impacting regional pre-
cipitation patterns and extreme weather events. Existing AR scales, while valuable, often lack regional specificity,
particularly in capturing the nuances of ARs in sub-polar regions. This study addresses these limitations by developing an improved AR scale and impact metrics tailored to the Pan-Atlantic region. Using high-resolution reanalysis data and the Bayesian AR Detector (BARD), the research analyses AR characteristics, highlighting the contrasts between Pacific and Atlantic ARs. Recognizing the limitations of the current AR scale developed by the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes (CS), the study introduces the Uppsala University (UU) AR scale (NS), specifically designed for the Pan-Atlantic region. The NS incorporates a lower IVT threshold, equal weights for all categories, and a 72-hour persistency, reflecting regional AR behaviour better. The study proposes alternative impact metrics- the AR Severity Index (ARSI), AR Severity Index Kinetic (ARSIK), and a Risk Index- to provide a more comprehensive assessment of AR impacts. These refined metrics and the region-specific NS enhance understanding of AR impacts in the Pan-Atlantic region, contributing to improved forecasting, disaster preparedness, and water resource management.
Determinants of Stillbirth among Mothers Who Gave Birth at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Asella, South East Oromia, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study
Authors: Shiferaw Getachew , Jambo Adem , Kalu Abdurahman
Published: December 2024

Background: The annual global burden of stillbirths is approximately 2.6-3.3 million. The World Health Statistics 2013 report has shown that the Ethiopian stillbirth rate accounts for 26 per 1000 deliveries which is third highest in East African countries next to Djibouti and Somalia; and seventh among the ten countries that account for two-thirds of all third-trimester stillbirths in the world. Attempts to lower the stillbirth rate may be hampered by an incomplete understanding of the risk factors leading to the majority of stillbirths. So, this study intended to identify determinants of stillbirth among mothers who gave birth at Asella Referral Teaching Hospital and it will contribute significantly for community being served at this Hospital and government.
Methods: A prospective unmatched case-control study was conducted from February11-August 31,2022 G.C at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, where a total of 351 post-partum women with a ratio of 1:2 i.e., case (117) to control (234). Data was entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS Version 26 window for analysis. Descriptive frequency and percent, binary and multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis, presentation and to test the association between dependent and independent variables. A P-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare the level of significance.
Result: A total of 351 women were participated in this study with 100% response rate. The age of majority study participants [292(83.2%)] were in the category of 20-34 years. Women who had birth interval of less than 2 years [AOR=4.06,95%CI:1.23-13.37], APH[AOR= 13.09;95%CI:2.43-47.50],Preeclampsia[AOR=6.97; 95% CI:1.37-35.37], Rural Residence [AOR =13.00,95%CI:3.43-49.87], Referral from other facility[AOR=6.13,95%CI:2.32-16.22], ANC Contact at ≥28 weeks [AOR=12.51, 95% CI:2.19-41.40] ,Preterm birth [ AOR=14.62,95% CI:2.44-37.33] and Birth Weight less than 2500grams [AOR =10.63,95%CI:3.22-34.92] were identified independent risk factor of stillbirth.
Conclusion: Being referral from other health facility, starting ANC follow-up late after 28 weeks, rural residence, Preeclampsia, Antepartum hemorrhage (APH), preterm delivery, low birthweight and birth interval less than two years were identified risk factors of stillbirth in this study.
Iron ore extract by the mine method: regression model of an ecological backpack
Authors: Krasnyk Vyacheslav , Cherevatskyi Danylo , Smirnov Roman , Bash Vitaliy , Bojko Oksana , Onachenko Кarina
Published: December 2024

The object of research: the “backpack factors”, which are five products: biotic materials; abiotic materials; water; air; soil that has been moved.
Investigated problem: to develop a regression model of an ecological backpack that considers the statistical significance of factors for Ukrainian iron ore mining enterprises.
The main scientific results: by experimental investigations were conducted following a 2(5-2) matrix plan, consisting of 8 experiments, was determined that 4 factors are statistically significant, excluding the first factor, biotic materials. The most substantial influence on the response function is attributed to air, which includes both mine ventilation flows and compressed air used during iron ore mining. Water represents the second most influential factor, followed by the volume of displaced rock, and finally, abiotic factors, particularly electricity and fuel. Hence, iron ore mining operations essentially function as air processing and water disposal enterprises, highlighting their prominence within this specific domain.
The area of practical use of the research results: In line with the principles of the case method, our research is conducted using a real operational enterprise Sukha Balka PJSC located in the city of Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine. Data collection is achieved through a method of multi-year monitoring of the company's activities spanning from 2000 to 2021, which forms the basis for our case study. In the future, it would be prudent to develop ecological backpack models tailored to open-pit iron ore mining enterprises.
Innovative technological product: Calculating MIpS 2.0 from Material Flow Analys (MFA) field.
Scope of the innovative technological product: The obtained regression relationship enables the prediction of the ecological backpack's fullness based on input factor values.
AI technologies in the higher education process: perspectives and challenges
Authors: Orlova Kateryna
Published: December 2024

The object of research: The aim of the research is to determine the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on the educational process in higher education institutions (HEIs) and to identify key prospects and problems associated with the use of AI.
Investigated problem: The problem that the research aims to solve is related to the specifics of using AI tools in the educational process. As one of the disruptive technologies, AI is rapidly being introduced into education activities. The use of AI is associated with both advantages and risks, which necessitates the definition of the basic principles of implementing this technology.
The main scientific results: Higher education is one of the flagships of the country’s technological development. The important principles for overcoming the threats of AI implementation and ensuring the use of AI capabilities in the educational process include increasing the literacy level of students and teachers, raising teachers’ awareness of AI capabilities, developing a HEI policy on the use of AI, and ensuring a high level of motivation of students and teachers.
The area of practical use of the research results: The practical significance of this research lies in the formation of fundamental principles for the use of AI technologies in the educational process, which can become the basis for developing HEI policy in the field of using AI technologies.
Innovative technological product: Based on the research conducted, the advantages and threats of using AI in the educational process were identified, which made it possible to formulate key principles that form the prerequisites for ensuring the use of the advantages of AI and overcoming the threats of its use.
Scope of the innovative technological product: educational process in higher education institutions.
Financial resilience and uncertainty: a theoretical and historical approach
Authors: Zhylinskyi Andriy
Published: December 2024

The object of the research is to deepen and develop the scientific foundations of the evolution of financial resilience in historical retrospect. The article summarizes scientific approaches to describing financial resilience in historical retrospect, reveals the essence of financial resilience, provides examples of entropies in various asset markets, analyzes the dynamics of national currency devaluation in different countries, and substantiates trends in the development of various asset classes. An analysis of entropies (bubbles) in various asset markets over the period 1634–2024 has been conducted.
Investigated problem: It is emphasized that in modern conditions, banks are turning into institutions servicing speculative flows, while the main function of commercial banks—crediting the real sector of the economy—is being relegated to the background due to low profitability. The essence of banking activities and the peculiarities of new banking functions over the last 25 years are revealed. It is noted that computerization and financial innovations have significantly changed the ways in which commercial banks operate. These processes have enabled the introduction of new forms of services and banking products, improved bank management, enhanced the collection and processing of large volumes of statistical information, and expanded the scope of activities of large banks beyond national borders.
The main scientific results: The Basel principles for banking regulation, along with international financial reporting standards, need to be revised and improved before central banks, such as the Federal Reserve System, issue up to 50 trillion USD or any other national currency.
The author believes that the current system allows banks to create money “out of thin air” by lending or investing beyond their capital, leading to high levels of risk and instability in the banking system. The author suggests that the root cause of banking crises lies in allowing banks to create money by accepting deposits and allocating them across various assets, from treasury bills to high-risk borrowers.
The area of practical use of the research results: Decrease the crisis as well as make proper actions before crisis occur
Innovative technological approaches: Improved Basel Principles as well as Improving International Financial Reporting Standards.
Scope of the innovative technological approaches: Prudent Supervision of Regulations State Bodies in order not to allow crisis to ruin the existing assets classes and channel European savings into new technologies that can drive growth in order to scale up innovation»
Multilingualism from the meso-level: a universities initiative in South Africa
Authors: Mbirimi-Hungwe Vimbai
Published: December 2024

Globally, multilingualism has become a subject of interest in academic, social and political spheres. In addition, there is consensus among academics as well as politicians regarding the transformation of the linguistic landscape across the world. The common consent is based on the fact that multilingualism has become a norm, especially in the Global North countries that had been declared monolingual societies due to various political considerations. Research has shown that most countries that have been promoting a monolingual ideology have accepted the multilingual state of affairs in most communities and effort is being made to promote multilingualism. However, multilingualism as a concept is understood differently in different parts of the world. Therefore, multilingualism from the Global South perspective should be viewed differently from the Global North perspective. The study was qualitative, therefore, for data collection, a focus group discussion was conducted with four medical students who took the two modules during their first year at a selected South African university. These participants were willing to participate in the research. The results show that languages cannot be separated as standalone entities and should be considered individually. Besides, students use their already existing language practices in order for them to acquire the target languages, a remarkable quality of multilingualism where students can tap into their existing language practices in order to enhance their learning