bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Humic Acid as an Efficient and Selective Adsorbent for Lead Removal in Multi-Metal Coexistence Systems: A Review
Authors: Xue Shuwen , Hu Yunhu , Wan Keji , Miao Zhenyong
Published: March 2024

Water pollution poses a global threat to human health, particularly in terms of ensuring a safe supply of drinking water. The accumulation of heavy metals from various water sources is increasing, driving the search for effective and environmentally friendly approaches and materials for metal removal. This review investigates the selective adsorption of Pb2+ by humic acid (HA) in a multi-metal coexistence solution. The focus is on discussing approaches to the structural identification of HA, highlighting that separation techniques are an effective method to reduce its heterogeneity. Starting from the key structural units of HA, the study reveals the interaction between HA and heavy metals. Approaches to enhance Pb2+ selective adsorption are explored, proposing that introducing activating groups, Ca ion exchange, and optimizing pore structures are effective approaches for improving lead ion selective adsorption. Ca2+ activation is suggested as a future research direction for lead-selective adsorption. Additionally, attaining lead selective adsorption through pH regulation’s significance is emphasized. This research contributes to a fundamental understanding of HA’s role as a selective lead adsorbent while offering practical implications for developing environmentally friendly adsorbent materials. The results aim to advance knowledge in environmental science and water treatment.
Spatial and Seasonal Patterns of Mercury Accumulation in Paddy Soil around Nam Son Landfill, Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Thi Quynh Nguyen , Jeong Huiho , Elwaleed Ahmed , Nugraha Willy Cahya , Arizono Koji , Agusa Tetsuro , Ishibashi Yasuhiro
Published: March 2024

Landfills have the potential to contribute to mercury (Hg) pollution, due to the burial of waste containing mercury. Mercury from domestic waste can enter the soil surrounding landfills through surface runoff and leachate. In this study, we assessed the levels of Hg in the paddy soil around the Nam Son landfill, the largest landfill in the North of Vietnam, during both rainy (September 2021) and dry (January 2022) seasons. The concentration of Hg was in the range of 20.5 to 79.7 μg/kg dry w.t. in Bac Son and Nam Son, and 16.6 μg/kg dry w.t. at a higher reference site. In most of the samples, the rainy season showed higher Hg concentrations than the dry season. Soil samples taken closer to the landfill exhibited higher levels of Hg contamination compared to those in more distant paddy areas, suggesting a decreasing trend of Hg concentration as one moves away from the pollution source. Additionally, Hg concentration was found to decrease vertically from the surface, with the higher value observed in the surface layer (0–5 cm), and the lower in the bottom layer (20–25 cm). The geo-accumulation index showed that all the sampling points were moderately to heavily polluted, indicating that Hg was lost from the waste source in the landfill. This study provides valuable insights into the spatial and vertical distribution of Hg pollution in the topsoil and highlights the importance of managing and assessing the risks of Hg-containing waste.
Research Themes, Evolution Trends, and Future Challenges in China’s Carbon Emission Studies
Authors: Wang Haiqiao , Shang Li , Tang Decai , Li Zhijiang
Published: March 2024

A profound analysis of China’s research achievements in the realm of carbon emissions holds the potential to furnish insightful references for analogous endeavors and inquiries in other nations. Employing the CiteSpace tool, this paper identifies five major focal points in Chinese scholars’ research on carbon emissions: carbon emission computation and prediction, influencing factors of carbon emissions, carbon footprint, carbon emission efficiency, and differential analysis of carbon emissions. Subsequently, this article systematically scrutinizes and dissects the outcomes of Chinese scholars’ endeavors in the aforementioned five focal points, culminating in recommending China’s forthcoming research on carbon emissions. (1) The research findings reveal a diversified evolution in the methods employed for calculating and predicting carbon emissions in China. However, due to the limited exploration of delineating carbon emission boundaries, instances of overlap and deviation in carbon emission quantification have emerged. (2) Factors influencing carbon emissions can be categorized into five major classes: economic, demographic, energy-related, policy-driven, and others. Yet, studies investigating industry-specific influencing factors remain relatively scarce. (3) Overcoming challenges associated with cross-boundary measurements, comprehensive effects, and policy applications is imperative in carbon footprint research. (4) Significantly disparate levels of carbon emission efficiency prevail across distinct regions or industries, with intricacies characterizing the influencing factors and a notable dearth of micro-level investigations. (5) The analysis of carbon emission differentials primarily encompasses regional disparities, industrial differentials, and temporal variations, lacking sustained tracking studies on the nuances of carbon emission disparities.
Drifting toward Alliance Innovation: Patent Collaboration Relationships and Development in China’s Hydrogen Energy Industry from a Network Perspective
Authors: Pan Xiaohui , Xu Guiqiong , Meng Lei
Published: March 2024

The hydrogen energy industry, as one of the most important directions for future energy transformation, can promote the sustainable development of the global economy and of society. China has raised the development of hydrogen energy to a strategic position. Based on the patent data in the past two decades, this study investigates the collaborative innovation relationships in China’s hydrogen energy field using complex network theory. Firstly, patent data filed between 2003 and 2023 are analyzed and compared in terms of time, geography, and institutional and technological dimensions. Subsequently, a patent collaborative innovation network is constructed to explore the fundamental characteristics and evolutionary patterns over five stages. Furthermore, centrality measures and community detection algorithms are utilized to identify core entities and innovation alliances within the network, which reveal that China’s hydrogen energy industry is drifting toward alliance innovation. The study results show the following: (1) the network has grown rapidly in size and scope over the last two decades and evolved from the initial stage to the multi-center stage, before forming innovation alliances; (2) core innovative entities are important supports and bridges for China’s hydrogen energy industry, and control most resources and maintain the robustness of the whole network; (3) innovation alliances reveal the closeness of the collaborative relationships between innovative entities and the potential landscape of China’s hydrogen energy industry; and (4) most of the innovation alliances cooperate only on a narrow range of technologies, which may hinder the overall sustainable growth of the hydrogen energy industry. Thereafter, some suggestions are put forward from the perspective of an industrial chain and innovation chain, which may provide a theoretical reference for collaborative innovation and the future development and planning in the field of hydrogen energy in China.
Mechanical Properties of Polymers Recovered from Multilayer Food Packaging by Nitric Acid
Authors: Šleiniūtė Agnė , Mumladze Tamari , Denafas Gintaras , Makarevičius Vidas , Kriūkienė Rita , Antonov Maksim , Vasarevičius Saulius
Published: March 2024

This study conducted an in-depth examination of the delamination process of multi-layer packaging waste (MLPW) recycling, intending to find an effective solution for recycling MLPW. The recycling process for such materials can be challenging due to the complexity of separating the different layers and components. However, this study proposed using nitric acid to facilitate delamination and recover the polymers from multilayer food packaging—the research aimed to investigate the mechanical properties of the polymers obtained through this recycling method. Our study on polymer materials exposed to chemicals revealed differences in fracture and tensile strengths among three polymers, P1, P2, and P3. P1 showed fluctuating fracture strengths between 5.11 MPa and 3.55 MPa, while P2 maintained a consistent but lower value of around 0.09 MPa. P3 exhibited a wider range from 3.19 MPa to 1.79 MPa. Tensile strength analysis showed P1 averaging 4.99 MPa and P3 3.17 MPa, with P2’s data inconclusive due to its softness. Understanding the mechanical characteristics of recycled polymers is crucial to determine their potential use in different industries, including packaging, construction, or manufacturing, thereby promoting a more environmentally friendly approach to MLPW management.
Finding Nori—Understanding Key Factors Driving US Consumers’ Commitment for Sea-Vegetable Products
Authors: Rombach Meike , Botero Julio , Dean David L.
Published: March 2024

The trend toward sustainable and healthy food consumption has stimulated widespread debate. US consumers demand healthy and sustainable food options and are increasingly interested in alternative proteins such as macro-algae, also known as sea-vegetables. The present study is built on the responses of an online survey aiming to explore US consumers’ commitment towards varying sea-vegetable-based products. Affordability, sustainability, taste, environmental friendliness, and health benefits, as well as product novelty and versatility, were the factors under investigation. All factors were found to be equally strong predictors for sea-vegetable product commitment. Best-practice recommendations for US food marketers and agricultural producers are also provided.
Comparative Life Cycle Assessments and Economic Analyses of Alternative Marine Fuels: Insights for Practical Strategies
Authors: Lee Hyunyong , Lee Jinkwang , Roh Gilltae , Lee Sangick , Choung Choungho , Kang Hokeun
Published: March 2024

The growth of the global shipping industry has increased the interest in the environmental impact of this sector. The International Maritime Organization adopted the initial Greenhouse Gas strategy for reducing GHG emissions from ships at the 72nd Marine Environment Protection Committee in April 2018. In this study, we carried out a life cycle assessment of nine production pathways of alternative fuels, including LNG, ammonia, methanol, and biofuels, and conducted an economic analysis considering the life cycle carbon pricing of each fuel pathway. Our results indicate that biomass-based FT-diesel, e-methanol, and e-ammonia are the most environmentally friendly, with GHG reductions of 92%, 88.2%, and 86.6%, respectively. However, our net present value analysis of ship life cycle cost considering carbon price indicated that using those fuels would not be cost-effective during the target period of study. Sensitivity analysis was performed by changing the life cycle carbon pricing from the baseline scenario, and we investigated the approximate years for when these alternative fuels will become more cost-effective compared to conventional fossil fuels. Further, to provide practical implications for shipping stakeholders, we analysed the effect of blending the same kinds of fuels with different production pathways.
The Origin and Architectural and Technological Characteristics and Opportunities for the Reuse of Portugal’s EPAC Silo Network
Authors: Marcelo Víctor , Almeida Arlindo , Pastrana Pablo , López-Díez F. Javier , Valenciano José B.
Published: March 2024

Portugal’s EPAC (Empresa Pública do Abastecimiento dos Cereais) silo network, initially planned in the 1930s but constructed and utilised primarily in the 1970s, consisted of 31 silos with a total capacity of 841,100 t. The network’s usage declined, however, due to market liberalisation and Portugal’s accession to the European Economic Community in 1985. This study focuses on adapting a methodology to inventory and analyse the 31 silos in the EPAC network, considering their general features, construction, technological facilities, and socioeconomic aspects. The silos are situated in 30 cities and towns, predominantly in the country’s key grain-growing regions, particularly the Alentejo region. While there are variations in design and construction, most EPAC silos contain two or three rows of circular reinforced concrete cells and use the spaces between cells for storage. Their capacities range from 6000 to 35,000 t. Some are inland grain reception and storage silos, while others are larger-capacity port silos designed to unload grain rapidly onto ships using mechanical or pneumatic unloaders. These structures are a significant part of Portugal’s agro-industrial heritage and have, in some cases, been repurposed as museums or event venues. Compared to other agro-industrial buildings, silos pose unique conversion challenges due to their height and design complexities. Examples of successful reuse in countries like Spain and Italy may provide insights for potential silo projects in Portugal. However, analysis suggests that such proposals and similar initiatives may be viable only in the more highly populated towns.
Measurement, Spatial-Temporal Evolution, and Optimization Path of the Level of Coordinated Development of Ecological Civilisation: The Case of China
Authors: He Xu , Zeng Shian
Published: March 2024

Based on the energy–economy–environment–society (3E1S) system theory, this paper constructed a comprehensive evaluation system for the coordinated development of China’s ecological civilisation construction using panel data from 31 provinces and cities from 2005 to 2020, which is specifically divided into four sub-systems, namely, energy, economy, environment, and society, and covers 10 ordinal covariates and 40 ordinal variable indicators. In terms of measurement and evaluation methods, this paper adopted the composite system synergy model to measure the level of coordinated development of ecological civilisation construction of the country as a whole and 31 provinces and cities and adopted Arcgis maps, standard deviation ellipses, kernel density curves, and Theil index methods to explore the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and regional differences in the level of coordinated development of ecological civilisation construction. It was found that the coordinated development level of China’s ecological civilisation construction increased year by year from 2005 to 2020, with the most obvious upward trend from 2011 to 2015, with an average increase of 26.5%. Secondly, the spatial distribution pattern of the coordinated development level of China’s ecological civilisation construction was relatively stable, basically showing a dominant southwest–northeast direction, but the spatial centre of gravity shows a trajectory shifting towards the southwest. Finally, there were large regional differences in the level of coordinated development of China’s ecological civilisation, with an overall decreasing regional pattern of “Central-Northeast-East-West”. However, the overall differences among the four regions showed a decreasing trend. The overall differences among the four regions were mainly intra-regional, with the western region having the greatest intra-regional differences and contributing to the overall differences. Although this paper takes China as a case study, its research methodology and conclusions can provide references for the construction of ecological civilisation and green sustainable development in other countries.
Hydraulic Relationship between Hulun Lake and Cretaceous Confined Aquifer Using Hydrochemistry and Isotopic Data
Authors: Gao Hengshuai , Li Wenbao , Zhang Sheng , Tao Yulong , Guo Xin
Published: March 2024

Groundwater is one of the key sources of water recharge in Hulun Lake. In order to trace the location of the confined aquifer of the deep groundwater that recharges the lake, hydrogeochemical characteristic analysis and hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope sampling and analysis were performed on the lake water, phreatic water and multi-layer cretaceous confined water in the same region of the Hulun Lake basin. The hydraulic relationships between the lake and various aquifers were then revealed through the use of hydrogen radioisotopes. The results show that the lake water, phreatic water and confined water are of the HCO3−Na type, and the content of stable isotopes (δD, δ18O) and radioisotopes (δ3H) is in the order of “confined water < phreatic water < lake water”. The main influencing factor of hydrochemical evolution in the phreatic water is the dissolution of feldspar; its age is about 26.66 years, and its renewal rate is nearly 3.75%. The main influencing factor of hydrochemical evolution in the K1y1, K1y2 and K1d1 Cretaceous confined water is evaporite dissolution (i.e., halite, gypsum); their renewal rate is less than 1%, and the discharge condition deteriorates with the increase in the aquifer roof burial depth. Phreatic water in the Jalainur Depression Zone supplies Hulun Lake under the condition of the existence of permafrost cover. The K1d2 confined water of the Lower Cretaceous–Damoguaihe Formation Coal Group II, with the deepest roof burial depth (441 m), shows significant differences in hydrochemistry, δD, δ18O and δ3H from the other K1y1, K1y2 and K1d1 Cretaceous confined waters in the same basin. The renewal rate (nearly 4.32%) of the K1d2 confined water is better than that of the phreatic water, and its hydrochemical characteristics are similar to those of the lake water and phreatic water, indicating that the Cuogang Fault and Xishan Fault, caused by crustal faults, resulted in the hydraulic relationship between the K1d2 confined water, lake water and phreatic water, resulting in drastic interannual changes in the lake water level. This study of lake–groundwater interactions in cold and arid regions can provide a theoretical basis for lakes’ sustainable development.
Impacts of Using Solar Dryers on Socio-Economic Conditions of Dried Fish Processors in Cambodia
Authors: Hin Lyhour , Buntong Borarin , Mean Chan Makara , Chhoem Chhengven , Prasad P. V. Vara
Published: March 2024

Fish is a vital source of proteins and nutrients and can be eaten in many forms, one of which is dried fish. In Cambodia, fish is mostly dried in traditional ways and can be subject to dust, flies, rain, and weather events, resulting in low-quality products. These issues can be addressed by using solar dryers. Thus, this study was aimed to (1) compare the socio-economic conditions between dried fish processors practicing traditional drying and those using solar dryers, (2) to identify potentials and challenges to dried fish production between the two groups, and (3) to determine the factors affecting income. The study was conducted between May and August 2023, using purposive sampling to select two groups of dried fish processors in three provinces along the river systems in Cambodia. The selection criteria included (1) engagement in year-round dried fish production, (2) at least 100 kg of raw fish dried per month, and (2) willingness to participate in the interviews. Then, 35 dried fish processors that practiced traditional drying and 9 processors that utilized solar dryers were selected. T-tests, chi-square tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Likert scale analysis, and multiple linear regression model were used to compare the socio-economic conditions, perceptions, and the factors affecting the income. The results show that the solar dryer group used more labor, produced more dried fish, and had a higher selling price when compared to the traditional drying group. They had more opportunities to attend training and trusted the solar dryer technology. Meanwhile, the traditional drying group preferred direct sun-drying, but dried fish quality was better when solar dryers were used. Experience, total costs, and the use of solar dryers affect the income. In conclusion, using solar dryers tends to produce dried fish of better quality and a higher income, which is good for both health and improved livelihoods of fish producers and sellers.
Dynamical Behavior of Small-Scale Buoyant Diffusion Flames in Externally Swirling Flows
Authors: Yang Tao , Ma Yuan , Zhang Peng
Published: March 2024

This study computationally investigates small-scale flickering buoyant diffusion flames in externally swirling flows and focuses on identifying and characterizing various distinct dynamical behaviors of the flames. To explore the impact of finite rate chemistry on flame flicker, especially in sufficiently strong swirling flows, a one-step reaction mechanism is utilized for investigation. By adjusting the external swirling flow conditions (the intensity R and the inlet angle α), six flame modes in distinct dynamical behaviors were computationally identified in both physical and phase spaces. These modes, including the flickering flame, oscillating flame, steady flame, lifted flame, spiral flame, and flame with a vortex bubble, were analyzed from the perspective of vortex dynamics. The numerical investigation provides relatively comprehensive information on these flames. Under the weakly swirling condition, the flames retain flickering (the periodic pinch-off of the flame) and are axisymmetric, while the frequency nonlinearly increases with the swirling intensity. A relatively high swirling intensity can cause the disappearance of the flame pinch-off, as the toroidal vortex sheds around either the tip or the downstream of the flame. The flicker vanishes, but the flame retains axisymmetric in a small amplitude oscillation or a steady stay. A sufficiently high swirling intensity causes a small Damköhler number, leading to the lift-off of the flame (the local extinction occurs at the flame base). Under the same swirling intensity but large swirling angles, the asymmetric modes of the spiral and vortex bubble flames were likely to occur. With R and α increasing, these flames exhibit axisymmetric and asymmetric patterns, and their dynamical behaviors become more complex. To feature the vortical flows in flames, the phase portraits are established based on the velocity information of six positions along the axis of the flame, and the dynamical behaviors of various flames are presented and compared in the phase space. Observing the phase portraits and their differences in distinct modes could help identify the dynamical behaviors of flames and understand complex phenomena.
Recent Advances in Cosmological Singularities
Authors: Trivedi Oem
Published: March 2024

The discovery of the Universe’s late-time acceleration and dark energy has led to a great deal of research into cosmological singularities, and in this brief review, we discuss all the prominent developments in this field for the best part of the last two decades. We discuss the fundamentals of spacetime singularities, after which we discuss in detail all the different forms of cosmological singularities that have been discovered in recent times. We then address methods and techniques to avoid or moderate these singularities in various theories and discuss how these singularities can also occur in non-conventional cosmologies. We then discuss a useful dynamical systems approach to deal with these singularities and finish up with some outlooks for the field. We hope that this work serves as a good resource to anyone who wants to update themselves with the developments in this very exciting area.
Mycoviruses Increase the Attractiveness of Fusarium graminearum for Fungivores and Suppress Production of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol
Authors: Schiwek Simon , Slonka Matthäus , Alhussein Mohammad , Knierim Dennis , Margaria Paolo , Rose Hanna , Richert-Pöggeler Katja R. , Rostás Michael , Karlovsky Petr
Published: March 2024

RNA viruses of the genera Ambivirus, Mitovirus, Sclerotimonavirus, and Partitivirus were found in a single isolate of Fusarium graminearum. The genomes of the mitovirus, sclerotimonavirus, and partitivirus were assigned to previously described viruses, whereas the ambivirus genome putatively represents a new species, named Fusarium graminearum ambivirus 1 (FgAV1). To investigate the effect of mycoviruses on the fungal phenotype, the spontaneous loss of mycoviruses during meiosis and the transmission of mycoviruses into a new strain via anastomosis were used to obtain isogenic F. graminearum strains both with and without mycoviruses. Notable effects observed in mycovirus-harboring strains were (i) the suppression of the synthesis of trichothecene mycotoxins and their precursor trichodiene, (ii) the suppression of the synthesis of the defense compound aurofusarin, (iii) the stimulation of the emission of 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol, and (iv) the increased attractiveness of fungal mycelia for fungivorous collembolans. The increased attractiveness of mycovirus-infected filamentous fungi to animal predators opens new perspectives on the ecological implications of the infection of fungi with viruses.
Function and Mechanism of Antiviral Wasp Venom Peptide Protopolybia-MP III and Its Derivatives against HSV-1
Authors: Sun Fang , Ye Xiangdong , Han Tanran , Xia Jingwen , Wu Lili , Zhu Wen , Ding Li , Luo Xudong , Qin Chenhu , Chen Zongyun
Published: March 2024

Viruses are one of the leading causes of human disease, and many highly pathogenic viruses still have no specific treatment drugs. Therefore, producing new antiviral drugs is an urgent matter. In our study, we first found that the natural wasp venom peptide Protopolybia-MP III had a significant inhibitory effect on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication in vitro by using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), Western blotting, and plaque-forming assays. Immunofluorescence analysis showed Protopolybia-MP III could enter cells, and it inhibited multiple stages of the HSV-1 life cycle, including the attachment, entry/fusion, and post-entry stages. Furthermore, ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy detected that Protopolybia-MP III significantly suppressed HSV-1 virion infectivity at different temperatures by destroying the integrity of the HSV-1 virion. Finally, by comparing the antiviral activity of Protopolybia-MP III and its mutants, a series of peptides with better anti-HSV-1 activity were identified. Overall, this work found the function and mechanism of the antiviral wasp venom peptide Protopolybia-MP III and its derivatives against HSV-1 and laid the foundation for the research and development of wasp venom-derived antiviral candidate peptide drugs.
Assessing the Similarity of Continuous Gravitational-Wave Signals to Narrow Instrumental Artifacts
Authors: Jaume Rafel , Tenorio Rodrigo , Sintes Alicia M.
Published: March 2024

Continuous gravitational-wave (CW) signals are long-lasting quasi-monochromatic gravitational-wave signals expected to be emitted by rapidly rotating non-axisymmetric neutron stars. Depending on the rotational frequency and sky location of the source, certain CW signals may behave in a similar manner to narrow-band artifacts present in ground-based interferometric detectors. Part of the detector characterization tasks in the current generation of interferometric detectors (Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA) aim at understanding the origin of these narrow artifacts, commonly known as "spectral lines". It is expected that similar tasks will continue after the arrival of next-generation detectors (e.g., Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer). Typically, a fraction of the observed lines in a given detector can be associated to one or more instrumental causes; others, however, have an unknown origin. In this work, we assess the similarity of CW signals to spectral lines in order to understand whether a CW signal may be mistaken for a noise artifact. Albeit astrophysically unlikely, our results do not rule out the possibility of a CW signal being visible in the detector’s power spectrum.
The Multi-Kingdom Microbiome of Wintering Migratory Birds in Poyang Lake, China
Authors: Liu Jia , Li Xiyan , Song Wentao , Zeng Xiaoxu , Li Hui , Yang Lei , Wang Dayan
Published: March 2024

Wild birds are a natural reservoir for zoonotic viruses. To clarify the role of migratory birds in viruses spread in Poyang Lake, we investigated the microbiome of 250 wild bird samples from 19 species in seven orders. The bacterial and viral content abundance and diversity were preliminarily evaluated by Kraken2 and Bracken. After de novo assembly by Megahit and Vamb, viral contigs were identified by CheckV. The reads remapped to viral contigs were quantified using Bowtie2. The bacterial microbiome composition of the samples covers 1526 genera belonging to 175 bacterial orders, while the composition of viruses covers 214 species belonging to 22 viral families. Several taxonomic biomarkers associated with avian carnivory, oral sampling, and raptor migration were identified. Additionally, 17 complete viral genomes belonging to Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Dicistroviridae, Picornaviridae, and Tombusviridae were characterized, and their phylogenetic relationships were analyzed. This pioneering metagenomic study of migratory birds in Poyang Lake, China illuminates the diverse microbial landscape within these birds. It identifies potential pathogens, and uncovers taxonomic biomarkers relevant to varied bird habitats, feeding habits, ecological classifications, and sample types, underscoring the public health risks associated with wintering migratory birds.
Correction: Cook et al. An Optimized Bioassay for Screening Combined Anticoronaviral Compounds for Efficacy against Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus with Pharmacokinetic Analyses of GS-441524, Remdesivir, and Molnupiravir in Cats. Viruses 2022, 14, 2429
Authors: Cook Sarah , Wittenburg Luke , Yan Victoria C. , Theil Jacob H. , Castillo Diego , Reagan Krystle L. , Williams Sonyia , Pham Cong-Dat , Li Chun , Muller Florian L. , Murphy Brian G.
Published: March 2024

In the original publication [...]
Short Road Transport and Slaughter Stress Affects the Expression Profile of Serotonin Receptors, Adrenocortical, and Hematochemical Responses in Horses
Authors: Bruschetta Giuseppe , Zanghì Gabriella , Giunta Renato Paolo , Ferlazzo Alida Maria , Satué Katiuska , D’Ascola Angela , Fazio Esterina
Published: March 2024

Horse transport is considered a cause of stress in animals and is known to affect the 5-HT concentrations in both the brain and other tissues. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of horse transportation and slaughter stress on plasma serotonin’s concentration and the expression levels of the related 5-HT1B and 5-HT2A receptors in PBMCs. Furthermore, the IL-12 levels and a variety of blood parameters, including triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, were also considered. This research was carried out on 32 horses submitted to short road transport of 40 km to slaughter. Blood samples were collected in baseline conditions (T0) and 24 h later, after they were slaughtered (T1). The results showed a significantly increased expression of 5-HT1B and 5-HT2A receptors and a significantly decreased expression of IL-12 in PBMCs at T1 vs. T0. Furthermore, a significant increase in cortisol and glucose concentrations, and LDH activity was observed at T1. In contrast, a significantly lower circulating 5-HT concentration was observed at T1 vs. T0. These results indicate that the stress induced by transport and slaughter stimuli led to the serotoninergic system’s activation, suggesting that the expression of serotonin receptors could be used as a pivotal marker of stress, with potential applications for the improvement of elective protocols to observe the guidelines relating to transported horses.
Comparative Analysis of the Ovary Transcriptome among Wanyue Black and Yorkshire Gilts Using RNA-Seq
Authors: Zhang Huibin , Chen Shuo , Liu Yangguang , Xie Fan , Wen Haoyu , Zhao Shiming , Zheng Xianrui , Ding Yueyun , Yin Zongjun , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: March 2024

Pubertal genetic variations between the indigenous Chinese Wanyue Black pig breed and the imported Yorkshire breed significantly impact their reproductive capacity. In order to identify the differentially expressed genes, gene networks, and metabolic pathways in ovary transcriptome of gilts, the serum hormone levels were analyzed by ELISA, and RNA-seq was performed to analyze ovarian genes. Our results reveal higher estradiol (E2) levels in Wanyue black gilts compared to Yorkshire gilts, while Yorkshire gilts exhibit elevated progesterone (P4) and GnRH levels. We identified a total of 154 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 87 up-regulated and 67 down-regulated genes in the Wanyue black gilts ovaries compared to the Yorkshire gilts. GO enrichment analysis unveiled the participation of DEGs in processes such as “Reproduction”, “Reproductive system development”, and “Ovarian follicle development”. Moreover, KEGG enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of DEGs in multiple signaling pathways associated with hormone biosynthesis and puberty, encompassing “Steroid hormone biosynthesis”, “Estrogen signaling pathway”, and “Prolactin signaling pathway”. The subsequent bioinformatics analysis identified nine functional genes that potentially contribute to the disparity in ovaries between Wanyue black gilts and Yorkshire gilts. This study offers significant insights into the endocrine and genetic aspects of pubertal development in gilts.
Nitrogen Removal Mechanism and Microbial Community Changes of the MBR Bioaugmented with Two Novel Fungi Pichia kudriavzevii N7 and Candida tropicalis N9
Authors: Ma Minglei , Gui Qiang , Zheng Weisheng , Zhang Yingjie , Wang Kai
Published: March 2024

Ammonia nitrogen wastewater causes dissolved oxygen concentrations to decrease and the content of harmful substances to increase. To characterize the application properties of two novel strains of highly efficient ammonium transforming fungi—Pichia kudriavzevii N7 and Candida tropicalis N9—this study used both as compound microbial agents to treat nitrogenous wastewater. Here, we investigated the bioaugmentation effect of compound fungi N7 and N9 in the MBR bioreactor and the effect of N7 and N9 on the fungal and bacterial microbial communities in the system. The results revealed that in the first week after inoculation of N7 and N9, the average removal rate of ammonium in the experimental and control groups were 89.43% and 82.86%, respectively, and the NO3−-N accumulation concentrations were 12.56 mg·L−1 and 17.73 mg·L−1, respectively. The average transformation rate of total nitrogen in the experimental and control groups were 46.32% and 30.6%, respectively. ITS sequencing results indicated that N9 could be a dominant fungus in the complex MBR system. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the dominant bacterial communities in the system were changed by the inoculation of compound fungi. Therefore, the compound fungi can be applied to strengthen the treatment of nitrogenous wastewater due to its compatibility.
Monitoring Water Quality Parameters in Small Rivers Using SuperDove Imagery
Authors: Vatitsi Katerina , Siachalou Sofia , Latinopoulos Dionissis , Kagalou Ifigenia , Akratos Christos S. , Mallinis Giorgos
Published: March 2024

Freshwater ecosystems provide an array of provisioning, regulating/maintenance, and cultural ecosystem services. Despite their crucial role, freshwater ecosystems are exceptionally vulnerable due to changes driven by both natural and human factors. Water quality is essential for assessing the condition and ecological health of freshwater ecosystems, and its evaluation involves various water quality parameters. Remote sensing has become an efficient approach for retrieving and mapping these parameters, even in optically complex waters such as small rivers. This study specifically focuses on modelling two non-optically active water quality parameters, dissolved oxygen (DO) and electrical conductivity (EC), by integrating 3 m PlanetScope satellite imagery with data from real-time in situ remote monitoring sensors across two small rivers in Thrace, Northeast Greece. We employed three different experimental setups using a support vector regression (SVR) algorithm: ‘Multi-seasonal by Individual Sensor’ (M-I-S) for individual sensor analysis across two seasons, ‘Multi-seasonal—All Sensors’ (M-A-S) integrating data across all seasons and sensors, and ‘Seasonal—All Sensors’ (S-A-S) focusing on per-season sensor data. The models incorporating multiple seasons and all in situ sensors resulted in R2 values of 0.549 and 0.657 for DO and EC, respectively. A multi-seasonal approach per in situ sensor resulted in R2 values of 0.885 for DO and 0.849 for EC. Meanwhile, the seasonal approach, using all in situ sensors, achieved R2 values of 0.805 for DO and 0.911 for EC. These results underscore the significant potential of combining PlanetScope data and machine learning to model these parameters and monitor the condition of ecosystems over small river surfaces.
Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in the Coastal Zone of Yantai, China
Authors: Li Mengting , Bao Kuanle , Wang Hongsong , Dai Youxu , Wu Shuyu , Yan Kun , Liu Shuliang , Yuan Qingzheng , Lu Jiaxing
Published: March 2024

As urbanization accelerates, a growing influx of pollutants enters the sea through land runoff, posing a threat to coastal ecosystems. In this study, we systematically determined the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals in the water and sediments of coastal areas (Yantai, China) and assessed their sources and ecological risks. The results showed that inland rivers transported large amounts of NO3− and PO43− into coast water, which caused severe eutrophication. Regarding heavy metals, copper dominated in seawater, whereas plumbum and arsenic were dominant in sediment, which was sourced from aerosol deposition and mariculture. Zinc, chromium, copper, mercury, and cadmium contributed slightly to pollution, with low enrichment factors, mainly from natural sources. Further analysis showed that zinc, mercury, copper, and arsenic were significantly affected by the grain size composition in sediment. Ecological risk assessment indicated that the coastal zone of Yantai City is in a state of light heavy-metal pollution.
Adsorption Removal Characteristics of Hazardous Metalloids (Antimony and Arsenic) According to Their Ionic Properties
Authors: Lee Seung-Hun , Chung Jinwook , Lee Yong-Woo
Published: March 2024

Antimony and arsenic, which have a high carcinogenicity, should be removed depending on their ionic charge in water. Therefore, we attempted to confirm the adsorption characteristics of antimony and arsenic considering ionic charge to improve removal efficiency. We used palm-based activated carbon (PAC), coal-based activated carbon (CAC), modified activated carbon (MAC), styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer (SP825), activated alumina (AA), and zeolite as adsorbents for antimony and arsenic. Negatively charged adsorbents (CAC, PAC, MAC, and zeolite) with similar zeta potentials showed better removal efficiency as the surface area increased. However, SP825, which is almost neutral, and AA, which is positively charged, exhibited a high removal efficiency (100%) for arsenic and Sb(V), which are anions, regardless of surface area. However, due to the price, coal-based activated carbon or palm-based activated carbon is considered more advantageous than using AA or SP825. Last, during the arsenic adsorption process, As(III) was oxidized to As(V) due to Fe(II) contained in activated carbon. The addition of activated carbon can improve oxidation efficiencies of As(III) before coagulation and precipitation, in which As(V) is easier to remove than As(III).
The Rectal Gland of the Shark: The Road to Understanding the Mechanism and Regulation of Transepithelial Chloride Transport
Authors: Silva Patricio , Evans David H.
Published: March 2024

Pictured, described, and speculated on, for close to 400 years, the function of the rectal gland of elasmobranchs remained unknown. In the late 1950s, Burger discovered that the rectal gland of Squalus acanthias secreted an almost pure solution of sodium chloride, isosmotic with blood, which could be stimulated by volume expansion of the fish. Twenty five years later, Stoff discovered that the secretion of the gland was mediated by adenyl cyclase. Studies since then have shown that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is the neurotransmitter responsible for activating adenyl cyclase; however, the amount of circulating VIP does not change in response to volume expansion. The humoral factor involved in activating the secretion of the gland is C-type natriuretic peptide, secreted from the heart in response to volume expansion. C-type natriuretic peptide circulates to the gland where it stimulates the release of VIP from nerves within the gland, but it also has a direct effect, independent of VIP. Sodium, potassium, and chloride are required for the gland to secrete, and the secretion of the gland is inhibited by ouabain or furosemide. The current model for the secretion of chloride was developed from this information. Basolateral NaKATPase maintains a low intracellular concentration of sodium, which establishes the large electrochemical gradient for sodium directed into the cell. Sodium moves from the blood into the cell (together with potassium and chloride) down this electrochemical gradient, through a coupled sodium, potassium, and two chloride cotransporter (NKCC1). On activation, chloride moves from the cell into the gland lumen, down its electrical gradient through apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. The fall in intracellular chloride leads to the phosphorylation and activation of NKCC1 that allows more chloride into the cell. Transepithelial sodium secretion into the lumen is driven by an electrical gradient through a paracellular pathway. The aim of this review was to examine the history of the origin of this model for the transport of chloride and suggest that it is applicable to many epithelia that transport chloride, both in resorptive and secretory directions.
Um estudo sobre comunicação de más notícias em um setor de hemodiálise
Authors: De Lima Ligiane Mendes , Da Silva Carmen Lucia Lucas
Published: March 2024

A comunicação de más notícias, representa uma das responsabilidades mais desafiadoras e intricadas que os profissionais de saúde enfrentam em sua rotina. É evidente que o ato de comunicar más notícias é uma prática que suscita níveis significativos de ansiedade e estresse no corpo médico, bem como na equipe multidisciplinar como um todo, ao mesmo tempo em que exerce um impacto profundamente adverso na qualidade de vida do paciente. Em consonância com a literatura especializada, é imperativo abordar questões relacionadas aos modelos de comunicação de más notícias, bem como a implementação de intervenções psicológicas no contexto da assistência à saúde. A unidade de Nefrologia é particularmente afetada, pois os pacientes renais experimentam a progressiva diminuição ou a perda total da função renal, seja de maneira aguda ou crônica. Isso requer tratamentos intrusivos e restritivos, o que torna crucial um atendimento profissional devidamente alinhado com as necessidades específicas desses pacientes. O presente projeto tem como meta avaliar o nível de conhecimento da equipe referentes ao protocolo SPIKES e investigar a autopercepção desses profissionais quanto às suas competências no que tange à comunicação de más notícias. E dessa forma realizou-se um estudo descritivo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa e método fenomenológico. A amostra foi constituída por conveniência, contabilizando 37 participantes que atendiam aos critérios inclusivos. A coleta de dados realizou-se por única pesquisadora, em única etapa, mediante a aplicação do Questionário sociodemográfico confeccionado pela pesquisadora. O estudo concluiu que a grande maioria dos profissionais do setor de Hemodiálise, não conhece ou nunca teve contato com o protocolo Spikes. E foram evidenciados alguns desafios e dificuldades que a equipe encontra na comunicação de más notícias.
Post-stroke treatment - use of virtual reality as aid in motor rehabilitation
Authors: Da Silva Ivan do Nascimento , Guimarães Tiago Barbosa , Araujo Mayra Mariana Lins de Azevedo Vila Verde , Brito Paulo Victor Santos
Published: March 2024

This study describes the use of Virtual Reality (VR) therapy in the rehabilitation of patients after suffering from a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) who had motor sequelae. Several studies were presented showing that the use of VR as a rehabilitation tool can bring significant benefits in improving the motor function of patients. Introducing different elements into therapy, such as task-specific practice, explicit feedback, increasing difficulty, implicit feedback, variable practice, and mechanisms to promote use of the paretic limb, can enhance clinical benefits. Studies in patients in the subacute and chronic phases of stroke were presented, showing that VR therapy combined with other therapies can bring about significant improvements in motor function, manual skill and other measures related to the performance of upper limb activities.
Endocardite infecciosa valvar tricúspide e embolia pulmonar séptica em jovem do sexo masculino com provável Síndrome Antifosfolípide
Authors: Rocha Gracylma Guimarães , Batista Adriano Lopes , Oliveira Tamiris da Silva , Corrêa Samia Amorim , Bezerra Augusto de Carvalho , Lima Ingrid Queiroz Loureiro , Nobre Marlucia do Nascimento
Published: March 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: A Síndrome Antifosfolípide (SAF) é uma doença autoimune caracterizada por episódios recorrentes de trombose vascular predominantemente no sexo feminino. A endocardite infecciosa associada à SAF é incomum, sendo mais prevalente a endocardite asséptica. Porém, existe potencial desta colagenose cursar com hipertensão pulmonar e esta, por sua vez, causar disfunção cardíaca de câmaras direitas, predispondo o endocárdio à infecção e o pulmão à embolia séptica. OBJETIVO: relatar o caso de paciente com provável diagnóstico de SAF. CASO CLÍNICO: paciente, sexo masculino, 23 anos, com história clínica desde a adolescência de tromboses periféricas venosas e arteriais recorrentes, edema de membros inferiores e dispneia progressiva. Com o passar do tempo apresentou hemorragia digestiva, bacteremia por transfusão de hemoderivados, choque séptico pulmonar, êmbolos sépticos, endocardite infecciosa e cirurgia de troca valvar. Após cirurgia, paciente apresentou dispneia e dor torácica súbita, evoluindo a óbito no mesmo dia. Os resultados dos exames foram positivos para SAF. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar do diagnóstico da SAF exigir a presença dos anticorpos antifosfolípides em intervalo de 12 ou mais semanas, o paciente apresentou outras manifestações comuns à SAF.