bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENFEKSİYON HASTALIKLARI VE AİLE HEKİMİ UZMANI GÖZÜYLE COVİD-19 NORMALLEŞME SÜRECİ
Authors: Akgül Fethiye , Erten Bucaktepe Pakize Gamze
Published: April 2022

Sayın Editör ;Ülkemizde COVID-19 ile ilgili çalışmalar 10 Ocak’ta başlamış ve 22 Ocak’ta T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Bilimsel Danışma Kurulu'nun ilk toplantısı yapılmış, alınan önlemleri müteakip ilk COVID-19 vakası Avrupa ve İran gibi komşu olduğumuz ülkelerden sonra 11 Mart’ta görülmüştür (1). İlk vakanın tespit edilmesinden bu yana geçen süreçte salgın ile ilgili Sağlık Bakanlığı'nın temel stratejisi, halk sağlığı önlemleri ile vaka görülme hızının düşürülmesi ve salgın eğrisindeki yükselişin yavaşlatılması ile sağlık hizmetine olabilecek yoğun talebin en iyi şekilde yönetilmesi olmuş, nitekim bunda da çok başarılı bir süreç geçirilmiştir. Sağlık Bakanlığı ve ülkemizin her yerinde tüm sağlık çalışanlarımızın özverili çalışmaları ve işbirliği ile COVID-19’a bağlı tıbbi sonuçların ağırlaşmasının önüne geçilme çabaları olumlu sonuçlar vermiştir (2)
THE EFFECT OF OBESITY ON INTRAOPERATIVE AND EARLY POSTOPERATIVE (IN HOSPITAL) COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TOTAL PROSTHESIS
Authors: Tuncalı Bahattin , Boya Hakan , Araç Şükrü
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE: Due to the increase in both obesity and total knee prosthesis arthroplasty (TKA), the number of TKA applications in obese patients has increased in recent years. However, it is debatable whether obesity is a risk factor for the complications observed in TKA. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of obesity on intraoperative and early postoperative (in hospital) complications in patients with TKA.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients were divided into 2 groups according to body mass index; Group 1: obese patients (Body mass index: BMI> 30 kg/m2), Group 2: non-obese patients (BMI≤30 kg/m2). Patient files were examined from 4 different perspectives (Demographic data, Preoperative features, Intraoperative features, Postoperative features). T-test was used in the analysis of parametric data, and Chi-square test was used in the analysis of non-parametric data. A value of P<0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the obese and non-obese patients in respect of the length of hospital stay, the operation time, the tourniquet time, the number of blood transfusions, presence of ischemic heart disease, diabetes, ASA scores, local skin complications, and systemic complications such as deep vein thrombosis, sepsis, pulmonary embolism and mortality. However, a statistically significant difference was found in presence of hypertension, hypothyroidism, and obstructive sleep apnea in the obese group.CONCLUSIONS: There is no difference in terms of local and systemic complications in obese and non-obese patients undergoing TKA.
ASSESSMENT OF THE FREQUENCY OF ISOLATED MICROORGANISMS AND CHANGE OF THEIR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OVER TIME AFTER PRIMARY AND REVISION KNEE ARTHROPLASTIES AT A TERTIARY REFERRAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Çimen Osman , Köksal Alper , Öner Ali , Dırvar Ferdi , Meert Muhammed , Albay Cem
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE: Increased number of total knee arthroplasty has led to an increases the risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and other complications over time. Therefore, the current trends in infection and microbiology data are necessary to be understood to prevent and treat knee PJI. For this reason, we aimed to identify the course of bacterial species isolated after revision total knee arthroplasty and to investigate the change of antibiotic resistance over time.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two groups of patients were evaluated, retrospectively. Group 1 consisted of patients who had surgery that caused the development of infection performed between 2005 and 2011 while group 2 consisted of patients between 2012 and 2018. The variation of isolated microorganisms species and their antibiotic resistances over time were investigated. Cefazolin (clindamycin in case of allergy) was the antibiotic used for routine prophylaxis between 2005 and 2018.RESULTS: Overall, 42 patients (43 knee joints) were included in the study. The most frequently isolated bacterium was Staphylococcus epidermidis while Staphylococcus aureus was the second most isolated bacterium in groups 1 and 2. An increased rate of gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolation was observed in time. According to statistical analysis, a significant increase in antibiotic resistance to ciprofloxacin (p=0.0021), gentamicin (p=0.0001), tetracycline (p=0.043) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (p=0.0016) were observed over time. No increased antibiotic resistance observed over time against clindamycin (p=0.88) which we used in case of cefazoline allergy. Cefazoline resistance significantly decreased during 2012 and 2018 (p<0.0001). Vancomycin resistance was observed in only one patient.CONCLUSIONS: Our results and the literature has showed a steady increase in gram-negative bacteria isolation rates in patients with PJI. Therefore, it will become more necessary to use prophylactic antibiotic regimens including gram-negative bacteria in knee arthroplasty surgery. Although an increased resistance to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was found over time in the current study, these were not the antibiotics we used for routine prophylaxis. Instead of using cefazolin or clindamycin alone for prophylaxis, it is necessary to combine these anatibiotics with gentamicin.
Magyar névkutatás: irányok és perspektívák
Authors: Hoffmann István
Published: April 2022

A tanulmány a magyar onomasztika 21. századi helyzetét tekinti át, amelyet e tudományterület legújabb tudománytörténeti korszakaként értelmez. Ezt igazolja a kutatói létszám növekedése és a kutatói profilok átalakulása mellett a publikációs fórumok jelentős mértékű gyarapodása, továbbá a magyar onomasztika nemzetközi beágyazottságának erősödése is. Előtérbe kerültek a kutatói együttműködések, kutatócsoportok alakultak, hosszú távú kutatási programok körvonalazódtak. Megváltozott az onomasztika diszciplináris helyzete is: az önálló tudományterületként értékelt diszciplína körül gazdagodott a határterületek kutatása, elsősorban a szocioonomasztika és a hagyományos nyelvtörténeti, nyelvjárástörténeti vizsgálatok irányában. A tanulmány részletesebben az onomasztika két központi területének, a személynevek és a helynevek kutatásának újabb eredményeit tekinti át. A személynevek vizsgálati lehetőségeit forrásközlések bővítették, és új elméleti megközelítések tágították. A kutatások fókuszában a 14–18. század személynévrendszere állt. A helynévkutatások ezzel szemben a 14. század előtti időszakra összpontosították a figyelmet, nyelvemlék-monográfiák és onomasztikai jelenségmonográfiák egész sorát publikálták a kutatók, és létrejött egy fontos helynévtörténeti szintézis is. A jövő kutatási irányát jelzik mindkét területen a digitális adatbázisok, amelyek egységes keretbe foglalása biztosíthatja leginkább az onomasztika töretlen fejlődését.
A Szarvasi tűtartó felirata
Authors: Zelliger Erzsébet , Hosszú Gábor
Published: April 2022

A cikk ismerteti a tűtartó feliratának eddigi megfejtési kísérleteit, és egy új olvasatot javasol. Ezt hangtörténeti, morfematikai, grammatikai és szókincstani elemzésekkel támogatja meg. Megvizsgáltuk a tűtartó feliratával kapcsolatba hozható hiedelemnek, a vas és a tű varázserejének a továbbélését a néphagyományban. A Szarvasi tűtartó grafémakészletét összevetettük számos egyéb rovás írásemlék grafémakészletével. A kapott eredményekből az következik, hogy a Szarvasi tűtartón használt Kárpát-medencei rovás vagy elődjének használói hasonlóan a székely-magyar rovás és a steppei rovás vagy azok elődírásai használóihoz akkor hagyhatták el Belső-Ázsiát, amikor már mind az arám-középiráni írások, mind a bráhmi írás hatott a rovás írásokra vagy azok feltételezett közös ősére, a protorovásra.
Grammatikalizációs ösvények a -nak/-nek rag jelentéshálózatában
Authors: Pomázi Bence
Published: April 2022

A tanulmány a -nak/-nek főnévi esetrag grammatikalizációjával foglalkozik. A tanulmány arra vállalkozik, hogy feltárja a rag jelentéskiterjesztődését, elsősorban az Ómagyar korpusz nyelvi anyagának segítségével. A tanulmány arra világít rá, hogy a rag grammatikalizációja nem egy egyirányú, lineáris folyamat, hanem dinamikus természetű. A megjelenő új funkciók képesek visszahatni a már fennálló rendszerre a konstrukciós mintázataikkal, szemantikai és pragmatikai tulajdonságaikkal.
Adalékok egy, a kasza komponens köré épülő szóláscsoport történetéhez
Authors: Forgács Tamás
Published: April 2022

A tanulmány egy a kasza főnévi komponens köré alakult, mára nyelvünkből kihalt szóláscsoportot mutat be. Az ide tartozó fordulatok mind a vélemény hirtelen megváltoztatására, a köpönyegforgatásra céloznak, s ezt úgy fejezik ki, hogy valaki kétfelé vág a kaszával, forgatja a kaszáját. Több olyan variáns is előfordul, amelyben a kasza elemnek jelzője van. Két változat is lehetséges, az egyikben boszniai kaszáról van szó, a másikban szallai kaszáról. Számos régi adat bemutatásán túl a tanulmány igyekszik magyarázatot adni az elnevezések alakulására is. A boszniai jelző valószínűleg azzal magyarázható, hogy noha a rövid kaszák a korai újkor végére már kimentek a divatból, hiszen a ma ismert kasza sokkal nagyobb termelékenységet biztosított, a Balkánról előrenyomuló törököknél az akkori lakosság még láthatta ezt az eszköztípust. A szallai jelző magyarázata nehezebb, esetleg azonban lehet szó a sarló népnyelvi salló változatának tőhangváltós alakjáról.
Keresztes László 80 éves
Authors: Csúcs Sándor
Published: April 2022

Keresztes László születésnapi köszöntése.
The Increase in the Social Utility of the Geriatric Population Gained from the Human Health Workers during the Pandemic
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Murat
Published: April 2022

Objective: It was intended to analyze the change in social utility loss in 2020, when the pandemic showed its first shock, caused by the inter-provincial distribution of health personnel of the elderly compared to 2019 and other indicators based on this (rate of social utility, SHW, IHW, SHW/IHW per thousand elderly people). Method: The method used in the study is the Atkinson inequality index. The data used in the application are for 2019 and 2020 at the NUTS-3 level. Health personnel data were compiled from SSI and data for the elderly population were compiled from TSI. Results: The Atkinson inequality index varied between 0.414 and 0.302 in 2019. The index value fell between 0.292 and 0.206 in 2020. Depending on the index values, while the rate of social utility varied between 69.8% to 58.6% in 2019, it increased to vary between 79.4% to 70.8% in 2020. The rate of social utility loss, on the other hand, while being varied from 41.4% to 30.2% in 2019, decreased to being varied between 20.6% to 29.2% in 2020. Conclusions: The findings show that there is a significant improvement in the social utility of the elderly from the human health workers. This serves as evidence to the situation which shows that the health policies implemented during the pandemic period, unlike many other countries, supported the access of the elderly to health services.
Cálculo da superfície de troca térmica de resfriadores com circulação forçada de ar para um túnel de congelamento de aves
Authors: Pereira Marcos Duran , Siqueira Antonio Marcos de Oliveira
Published: April 2022

Este trabalho teve como objetivo calcular a superfície de troca térmica de resfriadores com circulação forçada de ar, que utilizam amônia como fluido refrigerante, para um túnel de congelamento industrial de aves de um abatedouro localizado em Santa Izabel do Pará/PA e comparar este cálculo com a superfície real nos resfriadores do respectivo túnel existente. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa de campo realizada no segundo semestre de 2019 e também refere-se à uma pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória, baseada em livros da categoria de refrigeração industrial e trabalhos acadêmicos do mesmo segmento. Após realizar os cálculos, chegou-se na superfície total de troca térmica de 2.814,1562 m² e observou-se que o cálculo teórico da superfície de troca térmica foi cerca de 43,17% maior do que se verificou nos resfriadores existentes.
Avaliação geográfica e econômica das indústrias de compensado no Brasil
Authors: Lima Vinícius de Sousa , Nascimento Sandriel Lima , Santos Marly Cirqueira , Dias João Miguel Santos , Nascimento Bruno Lucio Meneses
Published: April 2022

A madeira é um material de construção renovável que demanda baixo consumo energético para produção. No Brasil, parte das florestas plantadas são destinados a fabricação de painéis laminados, em especial o compensado que é o produto industrializado de madeira mais antigo. O objetivo desta revisão é sintetizar as informações acerca da atual situação geográfica e econômica da indústria de madeira compensada no Brasil. Foram realizadas pesquisas em artigos, organizações do setor madeireiro e sites da internet e com base nesses estudos verificou-se que a grande maioria das empresas que produzem compensados no Brasil se localizam na região sul, principalmente no estado do Paraná e Santa Catarina.
Rodzaje zanieczyszczeń i sposoby oczyszczania wodoru magazynowanego w kawernach solnych w aspekcie zastosowania go w urządzeniach wytwarzających energię
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Janocha Andrzej
Published: April 2022

W artykule dokonano skondensowanego przeglądu literatury na temat podziemnych magazynów gazu (PMG) w kawernach solnych. Przedstawiono analizę możliwości powstawania zanieczyszczeń podczas magazynowania wodoru w kawernach solnych. Część zanieczyszczeń może powstać w początkowej fazie oddawania komory solnej do używania i napełniania, a część – w związku z zachodzącymi procesami chemicznymi i mikrobiologicznymi w trakcie użytkowania kawerny i jej wyposażenia. Wcześniejsze badania wykonane przez Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy w kawernach magazynujących gaz ziemny wykazały obecność pyłów i składników kwaśnych. Oznacza to, że podobnych zagrożeń można się spodziewać przy magazynowaniu wodoru w kawernach solnych. W trakcie prowadzenia prac wiertniczych, a następnie w procesie ługowania komory solnej mogą pozostać w niej składniki, które przez pewien czas mogą generować zanieczyszczenia. Źródłem zanieczyszczeń może być woda słodka używana do ługowania kawerny. Często stosowana jest woda rzeczna (lub ściekowa), która jest tylko filtrowana w celu usunięcia cząstek stałych. Mechanizmy zanieczyszczenia gazowego kawern solnych są także wywoływane obecnością wprowadzonych tam bakterii. Żyją one w komorze solnej na dnie i w obecności siarczanów i węglanów pobierają wodór, wytwarzając H2S i/lub metan. W kolejnej części artykułu wyszczególniono wymagania czystości i zawilgocenia wodoru przerabianego na energię elektryczną: bardzo rygorystyczne wymagania w przypadku ogniw paliwowych i dużo łagodniejsze w przypadku turbin. Następnie przedstawiono oryginalne badania i obliczenia symulacyjne procesu osuszania wodoru z zastosowaniem instalacji glikolowej z wykorzystaniem programu ChemCAD. Uzyskano osuszenie wodoru z zawartością wody na poziomie 0,00048% mol. W końcowej części artykułu dokonano syntetycznego przeglądu technologii oczyszczania wodoru. Wyszczególniono kilka grup metod oczyszczania wodoru. Pierwsza technologia jest oparta na adsorpcji zmiennociśnieniowej gazów PSA. Technologia separacji kriogenicznej nie w pełni pozwala na bezpośrednie wykorzystanie produktu wodorowego do ogniw paliwowych. Trzecią grupą technologii oczyszczania wodoru jest zastosowanie różnych typów membran, z których tylko część pozwala na uzyskanie bardzo wysokiej jakości wodoru. Na otrzymanie najwyższego stopnia czystości wodoru (6N) pozwala technologia elektrochemicznego oczyszczania. System ten oparty jest na membranie do wymiany protonów (PEM-EHP).
Análisis de los factores que inciden en la internacionalización de las pymes de la selva peruana exportadoras de cacao en grano, durante el periodo 2009-2019
Authors:   , Espinoza Vega Lelys Milagros , Maier Depaz Michaela Christina
Published: April 2022

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal determinar los factores que influyen en la internacionalización de empresas pymes exportadoras de la selva peruana de cacao en grano, entre el periodo 2009 al 2019, puesto que el sector cacaotero en los últimos años ha presentado un alto crecimiento a nivel nacional y la presente investigación se centra en encontrar los factores que son fundamentales para que las pymes ingresen su producto al mercado exterior. Dentro de esta investigación se aplicaron encuestas en escala de Likert a una muestra de 31 empresas pymes exportadoras de la selva peruana de cacao en grano, a fin de obtener resultados a través del método cuantitativo. En base a la metodología, la presente investigación tiene un diseño descriptivo no experimental a nivel correlacional con enfoque cuantitativo. La información se analizó en el programa SPSS con la prueba de regresión logística. Como resultado, se obtuvo que cinco de las diez variables analizadas son significativas para la internacionalización de las pymes exportadoras de la selva peruana del cacao en grano.
Prevalencia y factores asociados a inestabilidad lumbar y/o lumbalgia en estibadores del mercado mayorista de lima, Perú – 2017
Authors:   , Melgarejo Soto Leonardo Angelo , Villanueva Alvarez Luz Nataly
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia y factores asociados a inestabilidad lumbar y/o lumbalgia en estibadores del Mercado Mayorista de Lima. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en 250 estibadores. Se utilizó la Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) para valorar el dolor lumbar al momento de la entrevista y, asimismo, se usó el Índice de Dolor de Espalda (IDE) para valorar la lumbalgia en 5 movimientos. Con respecto a la valoración de la inestabilidad lumbar se empleó la prueba clínica Extensión Lumbar Pasiva (ELP). Finalmente para efectos de análisis se creó la variable ambas alteraciones (IDE/ELP). Resultados: La prevalencia de lumbalgia en los últimos 3 meses en estibadores fue de 68,8% (172/250), y la inestabilidad lumbar fue de 34,4% (86/250). Se encontró asociación de Ambas Alteraciones con años de trabajo ≥ 11 años ([IC 95%= 1,08 - 3,42]; p= 0,03). Con respecto al IDE con años de uso de faja existe asociación ([IC95%= 1,01 - 1,24]; p= 0,04). En el modelo ajustado no se encontró resultados estadísticamente significativos. Conclusiones: La lumbalgia e inestabilidad de la columna tuvieron como factor de asociación el año de uso de faja. Otro factor a considerar es los años de trabajo ya que realizar la actividad mayor a 11 años podría conllevar a una lumbalgia e inestabilidad lumbar.
Discursos conservadores en torno a las familias
Authors: Velázquez Lacoste Pilar , Patiño López María Eugenia , Pedroza Gallegos Blanca
Published: April 2022

En México, como en muy diversos contextos sociales, la naturalización del orden desigual de género se expresa y se imagina, como en ninguna otra esfera social, en la familia canónica moderna. El propósito del presente trabajo consiste en mostrar los fundamentos que históricamente sostienen la idea de la familia natural y cómo el argumento naturalista resulta altamente estratégico y sugerente en la defensa de un ordenamiento de género ampliamente vigente en el imaginario social contemporáneo. Para constatar la expresión concreta de dichos supuestos analizaremos los postulados y principios que rigen a la organización civil mexicana Frente Nacional por la Familia. A partir de las herramientas que brinda la epistemología feminista expondremos que, en la reivindicación de un modelo familiar presuntamente natural, subyace la defensa del ordenamiento de género tradicional, el cual precisa de un análisis crítico de las relaciones sociales que establece.
¿Cómo hacer visibles los servicios ecosistémicos de nuestras ciudades? Experiencias en Francia
Authors: Cantuarias Villessuzanne Carmen
Published: April 2022

Más del 80% de la población francesa vive en zonas urbanas, y esta proporción aumenta cada año. Las ciudades concentran la demanda de numerosos servicios ecosistémicos de los suelos, beneficios del medio ambiente como la regulación del clima local, la gestión del agua, el paisaje, la biodiversidad urbana, el soporte a los cultivos alimentarios, y al mismo tiempo ofrecen una oferta limitada, debido al ritmo de artificialización del suelo para la vivienda y los servicios urbanos.
Chronic intracerebroventricular administration is a reliable method in brain studies on monkeys
Authors: Zhang Lin-Heng , Yang Hong-Yi , Wu Jing , Wu Yun , Wang Lu-Lu , Tong Hai-Yang , Zhang Jin , Wang Wen-Chao , Huang Rong-Yao , Xu Jiang-Lei , Su Jing , Luo Xun-Ran , Yin Yong , Wu Shi-Hao , Hu Xin-Tian
Published: April 2022

Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration through cannulas is a direct way to deliver large molecules and substances that are blocked by the blood-brain barrier into the central nervous system (CNS). It is widely used in brain studies on monkeys. However, this method is invasive, as it requires guide cannulas to be implanted into the brain. Whether the long-term implantation of the cannula and the administration of molecule-delivering vehicles, usually saline, can affect the brain by inducing chronic CNS inflammation or even worse brain atrophy, remains an issue to be solved. To answer this question, we investigated inflammatory markers and brain structures on three vehicle-control monkeys who received cannula implantation and one-year ICV saline administration in another study. During the experiment, the monkeys’ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected periodically, and the level of three classic inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The monkeys’ brain structures were imaged in vivo periodically by 9.4 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging, which can provide the best-resolution magnetic resonance images of living monkeys, and the volume of the hippocampus was measured to evaluate the brain atrophy. The data reveal that, during the administrating period, the long-term levels of the inflammatory markers in the CSF and the volumes of the hippocampus did not change significantly compared with the baseline. These results suggest that the long-term ICV administration of saline through cannulas did not induce chronic neuroinflammation or brain atrophy in these rhesus monkeys, suggesting chronic ICV administration via implanted cannulas is a reliable method in monkey brain research.
Transport Communications in the South Caucasus after the War in Nagorno-Karabakh
Authors: Davtyan V. , Margaryan N.
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the main problems of unblocking transport communications in the South Caucasus after the end of the Second Karabakh War. The main actors and beneficiaries of the unblocking are identified with the definition of their national transport interests. The role of Russia in the settlement of the conflict, as well as in the formation of a new geopolitical architecture in the South Caucasus is determined. Various scenarios of transport unblocking in the region are analyzed in the context of the formation of two international transport and logistics corridors – North–South and East–West. Prospects and possibilities of integration of the South Caucasus countries into the indicated corridors are considered. It is shown that the unblocking process is currently fragmented, since the main scenarios for its implementation are built only on the prospects for restoring transport links in certain directions, which does not allow to speak now about the ongoing policy of a comprehensive unblocking of communications in the region. The main problems of using the existing transport arteries, in particular, the international highway Goris–Kapan, are studied.
Ukraine’s Policy in the Post-Soviet Space: Main Stages
Authors: Belashchenko D.
Published: April 2022

The article examines the features of Ukraine's policy towards the post-Soviet space from 1991 to the present, identifies its key stages, analyzes basic foreign policy documents, highlights achievements and contradictions.
Armenian Borders in the XX–XXI Centuries
Authors: Krylov A.
Published: April 2022

The proclamation of the independence of Armenia in 1918 symbolized for the Armenians the restoration of national statehood. The idea of having its own historical territory, which in the past was divided by the borders of different states, but should be united in the future, is of fundamental importance for the Armenian nation. The first attempt to implement it in practice was made in the process of changing the borders after the First World War. According to the Treaty of Sevres in 1920 and the arbitration decision of US President Wilson, a united Armenia was created with an area of about 160 thousand square kilometers. In 1923, the Entente states renounced the Treaty of Sevres and concluded the Treaty of Lausanne with Turkey. After the establishment of Soviet power in Transcaucasia, border agreements were concluded between the USSR and Turkey. In Armenia, the Treaty of Sevres continues to be considered valid, the majority of political parties are in favor of resolving territorial disputes on its basis. After the unsuccessful Second Karabakh War for Armenia, N.Pashinyan took steps to normalize relations with Azerbaijan and Turkey. Russia expressed its readiness to guarantee security and assist in the delimitation and demarcation of the borders between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Further prospects for the development of the situation in the region largely depend on whether the Armenian leadership manages to develop a foreign policy course that will allow normalizing relations with Azerbaijan and Turkey, but at the same time will not cause a sharp reaction of rejection in the Armenian society.
Generative Adversarial Approach to Urban Areas NDVI Estimation Using Information Exclusively from Structural and Textural Analysis of Panchromatic Orthoimagery: A Case Study of Łódź, Poland
Authors: Adamiak Maciej , Będkowski Krzysztof , Bielecki Adam
Published: April 2022

Generative adversarial networks (GAN) opened new possibilities for image processing and analysis. Inpainting, dataset augmentation using artificial samples or increasing spatial resolution of aerial imagery are only a few notable examples of utilizing GANs in remote sensing. This is due to a unique construction and training process expressed as a duel between GAN components. The main objective of the research is to apply GAN to generate an artificial Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using panchromatic images. The NDVI ground-truth labels were prepared by combining RGB and NIR orthophoto. The dataset was then utilized as input for a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) to perform an image-to-image translation. The main goal of the neural network was to generate an artificial NDVI image for each processed 256px × 256px patch using only information available in the panchromatic input. The network achieved 0.7569 ± 0.1083 Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM), 26.6459 ± 3.6577 Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PNSR) and 0.0504 ± 0.0193 Root-Mean-Square Error (RSME) on the test set. The perceptual evaluation was performed to verify the usability of the method when working with a real-life scenario. The research confirms that the structure and texture of the panchromatic aerial remote sensing image contains sufficient information for NDVI estimation for various objects of urban space. Even though these results can be used to highlight areas rich in vegetation and distinguish them from urban background, there is still room for improvement in terms of accuracy of estimated values. The purpose of the research is to explore the possibility of utilizing GAN to enhance panchromatic images (PAN) with information related to vegetation. This opens interesting possibilities in terms of historical remote sensing imagery processing and analysis. The panchromatic orthoimagery dataset was derived from RGB orthoimagery.
Dietary control of low-grade chronic inflammation by correcting gut microbiota
Authors:   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khavkin A.I. ,   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation, Novikova V.P. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Evdokimova N.V. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: April 2022

This review focuses on the interaction between the microbiota and macroorganism in conditions of biological equilibrium, which is the basis of maintaining human homeostasis in general. Low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) is realized within this interaction in dysbiosis of various genesis. Bacterial endotoxins are normally the final effectors of LGCI, which are involved in the maturation of the immune system’s components, further determining its ability to neutralize and eliminate pathogens. However, altered intestinal permeability with subsequent microbial translocation to unrelated epitopes may cause LGCI. The review presents several possible options for affecting the gut microbiota and thus LGCI: through the use of probiotics, prebiotics, restrictive diets, and fermented probiotic food products. Key words: diet, probiotics, prebiotics, gut microbiota, low-grade chronic inflammation
Changes in lipid peroxidation system during standard therapy for exogenous constitutional obesity in adolescents of different sex
Authors:   Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Darenskaya M.A. , Rychkova L.V. ,   Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Kolesnikov S.I. ,   Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Kravtsova O.V. ,   Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Semenova N.V. ,   Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Brichagina A.S. ,   Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Kolesnikova L.I. ,   Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
Published: April 2022

Objective. To reveal changes in lipid peroxidation parameters and antioxidant protection components against the background of standard non-pharmacological therapy for exogenous constitutional obesity in adolescents of different sex. Patients and methods. Forty-six adolescents aged 12–17 years with obesity were examined before and after non-pharmacological therapy. The control group included 36 healthy adolescents. We analyzed the composition of lipid peroxidation products – conjugated dienes (CD), ketodienes and conjugated trienes (KD and CT), TBA-active products and activity of antioxidant protection factors: total antioxidant activity (AOA), levels of α-tocopherol, retinol, reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG), their ratio (GSH/GSSG ratio), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were used. Results. Male adolescents with obesity had lower values of primary lipid peroxidation products compared to the control group – CD (1.35-fold, p = 0,001) and antioxidant protection factors: total AOA (1.16-fold, p = 0,036) and SOD activity (1.49-fold, p < 0.0001), whereas secondary products – KD and CT were elevated (1.42-fold, p = 0,046). Standard therapy in male adolescents did not lead to normalization of the studied parameters. Significantly lower were the values of total AOA (1.4-fold, p = 0.0001), SOD activity (1.42-fold, p < 0.0001) and α-tocopherol (1.33-fold, p = 0.012) in female adolescents with exogenous constitutional obesity compared to the control group. After standard therapy, there was an increase in GSSG levels (1.14-fold, p = 0.029). Conclusion. The presence of negative changes in the pro- and antioxidant status in adolescents with obesity, which was not normalized after a course of standard therapy, was shown. Additional pharmacological correction by prescription of antioxidant drugs becomes relevant. Key words: antioxidant protection, standard therapy, oxidative stress, adolescents, exogenous constitutional obesity
Spontaneous Resorption of Lumbar Disc Herniation with Literature Review: Caution before Deciding on Surgery
Authors: Jeon Ju Hee , Shin Hong Kyung , Lee Jung Jae
Published: April 2022

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common cause of sciatica. Several cases of clinical improvement in patients with spontaneous resorption of LDH have been reported. However, it is uncommon for this spontaneous resorption of LDH to manifest as an abrupt improvement of symptoms. Here, we report a case of rapid symptom improvement due to spontaneous resorption of LDH. Furthermore, we review the available literature to critically evaluate the possibility of spontaneous LDH resorption and consequent symptom improvement within the context of previous research.
The Single Posterior Approach for Resection of Sacral Chordoma: A Case Report
Authors: Mun Junho , Kim Do-Hyoung , Hyun Seung-Jae , Kim Ki-Jeong
Published: April 2022

Chordoma is a relatively rare primary malignant neoplasm that originates from ectopic notochordal cells, and most chordomas arise in the sacrococcygeal and clivus regions. Due to the poor response to adjuvant therapy, complete tumor resection is the treatment of choice. This case report describes a 57-year-old male patient who presented with a very large sacral chordoma involving the S2-S5 bodies, extending to the right piriformis and gluteal muscles. He was successfully treated with a single-stage posterior approach and was free of local recurrence at a 5-year follow-up examination, without neurological deficits. A single posterior approach is a feasible option for the treatment of sacral chordomas.
Early Maastrichtian-Early Eocene Biostratigraphy of El Hasana Area, Central Sinai, Egypt
Authors: El Shahawy Adel , Ismail Ahmed , Faris Mahmoud , Naby Ahmed Abdel
Published: April 2022

Ten calcareous nannofossils and ten planktic foraminiferal biozones were recognized from two sections measured in El Hasana area, in Central Sinai, Egypt. In the West El Hasana section, an early Maastrichtian/early Paleocene (K/Pg) unconformity was recorded due to the absence of the planktic foraminiferal Gansserina gansseri, Abathomphalus mayaroensis, and Globigerina eugubina Zones and the calcareous nannoplankton Micula prinsii and Markalius inversus Zones. The early Paleocene is represented by two biozones, Morozovella pseudobulloides (P1b) and Morozovella trinidadensis (P1c) that correlate with the Cruciplacolithus tenuis Zone (NP2), Chiasmolithus danicus Zone (NP3), and Ellipsolithus macellus Zone (NP4). In both sections, during the middle Paleocene three biozones were recorded: Morozovella uncinata (P2), the lower part of P3 Morozovella angulata, and Planorotalites pusilla pusilla (upper part of P3). The first and second biozones are equated with the upper two thirds of Ellipsolithus macellus (NP4), while the third one is correlated with Fasciculithus tympaniformis Zone (NP5). In the West El Hasana section, the Planorotalites pseudomenardii Zone (P4) ends the measured section. A small hiatus was observed across the late Paleocene/early Eocene (P/E) boundary in the East El Hasana section. This hiatus is due to the absence of the Planorotalites pseudomenardii Zone (P4), Morozovella velascoensis Zone (P5), M. edgari Zone (lower part of P6) and Heliolithus kleinpellii Zone (NP6), Discoaster molheri Zone (NP7), Heliolithus riedelli/Discoaster nobilis Zone (NP8), and Discoaster spp. (e.g., D. araneus) Subzone NP9a. The P/E boundary in East El Hasana section is delineated with the appearance of Rhomboaster spp. (e.g., Rhomboaster bitrifida) NP9b Subzone that coincides with the appearance of the planktic foraminiferal Morozovella subbotinae Zone (upper part of P6).
Chest radiotherapy after left upper lobectomy may be a risk factor for thrombosis in the pulmonary vein stump
Authors: Song Cheng-Yang , Kimura Daisuke , Fukuda Ikuo , Tsushima Fumiyasu , Sakai Takehiro , Tsushima Takao
Published: April 2022

Background: Thrombosis in the pulmonary vein stump (PVS) is not a well-known complication after pulmonary lobectomy, but it has the potential to cause embolism to vital organs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for thrombosis in the PVS after pulmonary lobectomy.Methods: A total of 439 patients who underwent pulmonary lobectomy from 2008 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed, and 412 patients were further analyzed. The state of the PVS was evaluated by chest contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). Univariate analysis was performed to evaluate the potential risk factors for thrombosis in the PVS.Results: Thrombosis in the PVS was detected in 6/412 (1.5%) patients, and 5 of them underwent left upper lobectomy (LUL) (5/100, 5.0%) (P = 0.004). In the analyses of the LUL group, postoperative chest radiotherapy was identified as a risk factor for thrombosis in the PVS (P = 0.024), and postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) showed a tendency to be a risk factor for thrombosis (p = 0.058).Conclusions: Chest radiotherapy after LUL is a possible risk factor for thrombosis in the PVS. Periodic chest CECT is recommended after postoperative chest radiotherapy for patients after LUL.
Heterozygous expression of the Alzheimer’s disease protective PLCγ2 P522R variant enhances Aβ clearance while preserving synapses.
Authors: Solomon Shiden , Sampathkumar Nirmal Kumar , Carre Ivo , Mondal Mrityunjoy , Chennell George , Vernon Anthony C. , Ruepp Marc-David , Mitchell Jacqueline
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: A rare coding variant, P522R, in the phosphoplipase C gamme 2 (PLCG2) gene has been identified as protective against late onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the mechanism is unknown. PLCG2 is exclusively expressed in microglia within the central nervous sytem, and altered microglial function has been implicated in the progression of AD.METHODS: Healthy control hiPSCs were CRISPR edited to generate cells heterozygous and homozygous for the PLCG2P522R variant. Microglia derived from these hiPSC’s were used to investigate the impact of PLCγ2P522R on disease relevant processes, specifically microglial capacity to take up amyloid beta (Aβ) and synapses. Targeted qPCR assessment was conducted to explore expression changes in core AD linked and microglial genes, and mitochondrial function was assessed using an Agilent Seahourse assay.RESULTS Heterozygous expression of the P522R variant resulted in increased microglial clearance of Aβ, while preserving synapses. This was associated with the upregulation of a number of genes, including the anti-inflammatory cytokine Il-10, and the synpase-linked CX3CR1, as well as alterations in mitochondrial function, and increased cellular motility. The protective capacity of PLCγ2P522R appeared crucially dependent on (gene) ‘dose’, as cells homozygous for the variant showed reduced synapse preservation, and a differential gene expression profile relative to heterozygous cells.CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that PLCγ2P522R may result in increased surveillance by microglia, and prime them towards an anti-inflammatory state, with an increased capacity to respond to increasing energy demands, but highlights the delicate balance of this system, with increasing PLCγ2P522R ‘dose’ resulting in reduced beneficial impacts.
A diazeniumdiolate-based NO donor induces apoptosis by modulating the CIP2A/PP2A/ERK signaling axis
Authors: Xing Yihao , Hu Yile , Xu Jinglei , Xie Huaxia , Liu Ling
Published: April 2022

Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) modulates the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). PP2A is part of the principal regulators of MAPKs through dephosphorylating tyrosine or threonine residue, resulting in down-regulation of their activities. The present study aimed to assess the inhibition of CIP2A and dephosphorylated effect of PP2A on the ERK signaling pathway in JS-K-induced apoptosis. Cells were noticeably inhibited in a time- and concentration-dependent manner after treatment with JS-K. JS-K could cause an increase in Bax, a decrease in Bcl-2, and subsequent activation of caspase cascade through the release of NO. Meanwhile, JS-K stimulated a significant decrease of CIP2A expression whereas an enhancement of PP2A expression. Furthermore, the effects of JS-K on upregulation of PP2A, downregulation of phosphorylated ERK, and activation of cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP were enhanced in CIP2A siRNA-interfered cells. However, overexpression of CIP2A could cancel the effects of JS-K on upregulation of PP2A, downregulation of phosphorylated ERK, and activation of cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP. In addition, dephosphorylation of MEK, ERK, Elk-1, c-Myc, and c-Fos stimulated by JS-K was declined in PP2A siRNA cells. Conversely, overexpression of PP2A could strengthen the effects of d dephosphorylation of MEK, ERK, Elk-1, c-Myc, and c-Fos stimulated by JS-K. Simultaneously, the apoptotic cells were reduced in PP2A/C siRNA cells but increased in overexpression of PP2A cells. Taking together, JS-K as a diazeniumdiolate-based NO donor induces apoptosis by modulating the CIP2A/PP2A/ERK signaling axis.
Effect of body mass index on symptomatic venous thromboembolism and prosthesis revision risk after total knee arthroplasty: Data from China
Authors: Shao Changjie , Xu Kuishuai , Zhang Liang , Yu Tengbo , Yu Ning
Published: April 2022

Objective: To investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the risk of symptomatic VTE and prosthesis revision after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: 7182 patients with primary unilateral TKA treated in our hospital from 2011 to 2020 were divided into four groups according to BMI: BMI<25 kg/m2, BMI 25 kg/m2-29.9 kg/m2, BMI 30 kg/m2-34.9 kg/m2 and BMI≥35 kg/m2. Incidence, Odds ratio and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to evaluate the effects of BMI on symptomatic VTE and prosthesis revision risk after TKA.Results: The incidence of VTE after TKA was 8.9‰（64/7182）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of VTE among different BMI groups（P=0.452）. Deep vein thrombosis mainly occurred in the distal lower extremities, especially in intermuscular veins. Revision rate of prosthesis after TKA was 6.4‰（46/7182）. There was no significant difference in revision rate among different BMI groups（P=0.718）.In the univariate analysis of TKA, there was no increased risk of postoperative VTE and prosthesis revision in patients with different obesity categories compared with patients with normal BMI. Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the prosthesis survival rate of patients with BMI≥35 kg/m2 was relatively low, but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions: The higher BMI was not associated with the increased risk of symptomatic VTE and prosthesis revision after TKA. When TKA was used for appropriate indications, high BMI should not be considered as a contraindication.
Risk factors of venous thromboembolic events among diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients receiving first-line treatment
Authors: Jokimäki Anna , Tokola Susanna , Harmanen Minna , Kuitunen Hanne , Sillanpää Anni , Rönkä Aino , Selander Tuomas , Jukkola Arja , Auvinen Päivi , Kuittinen Outi , Kuusisto Milla E.L.
Published: April 2022

Venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) remain a major cause of mortality and morbidity among lymphoma patients. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the risk factors for VTEs in DLBCL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) patients treated with first-line (1L) chemoimmunotherapy in Kuopio and Oulu University Hospitals (2010–2019).VTE occurred in 17.2% (n = 59) in the whole population, and seven VTEs occurred during anticoagulant therapy. Statistically significant risk factors for VTE included age > 65 years, ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) > 1, thrombophilia, bulky disease, LDH > ULN (lactate dehydrogenase; upper limit of normal) and IPI (International Prognostic Index) 4–5. In a multivariate Cox regression model, history of thrombophilia and bulky disease were independent risk factors for VTE (p = 0.000 and p = 0.032, respectively). VTE at 1L had no significant effect on survival at 2 or 5 years of follow-up. Two different VTE risk scores were tested in DLBCL patients treated in 1L. A risk score 2 (age > 65/LDH > ULN/ ECOG > 1/thrombophilia = 1 p., bulky disease 2 p.) received a higher ROC value (0.680) than risk score 1. In the “high risk” group (5 p., according to risk score 2), VTE risk was increased, at 35.3%.
Modeling Inter-DC Bulk Data Transfer in Optical Networks with Edge Storage
Authors: Yue Shengnan , Lin Xiao , Sun Weiqiang , Hu Weisheng
Published: April 2022

In communication networks that span large geographical regions, transfer of bulk data is often costly and hard to manage. One prominent reason for that is bandwidth contention among long-lasting flows, and between long-lasting and short-lived ones on inter-datacenter links. Delaying the transfer of bulk data to off-peak hours by temporarily storing transfer at edge of the network can help reduce bandwidth contention during peak hours, and improve overall bandwidth utilization and network utility. Although extensive research has been conducted on its use, to date no model has been developed to quantify the performance of storage assisted bulk transfers across multiple congested links. This research gap has limited our understanding of the operation of storage assisted transfer under different network conditions. In this paper, we model bulk data transfer in inter-datacenter optical networks with edge storage, and derive closed-form equations for bulk data transfer on inter-DC links that exhibit diurnal traffic patterns and varying peak hours. Our study reveals that when the data transfer requests arrive uniformly in a day, the probability of a successful transfer increases linearly with the time data is allowed to wait in edge storage. Our study also shows that this probability decreases linearly with β + D, where β and D are the durations of background traffic peak and size of data transfers, respectively, when the network is moderately loaded. And, the benefit of storage will barely increase when the allowed waiting time goes beyond β + D.
Multi-cation exchanges involved in cesium and potassium sorption mechanisms on vermiculite and micaceous structures
Authors: Dubus Julien , Leonhardt Nathalie , Latrille Christelle
Published: April 2022

Vermiculite and micaceous minerals are relevant Cs sorbent in soils and sediments. To understand Cs bioavailability in soils resulting from multi-cation exchanges, Cs sorption onto clay minerals have been carried out in batch experiments with solutions containing Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+. A sequence between a vermiculite and various micaceous structures were achieved by conditioning a vermiculite at various amounts of K. Competing cation exchanges were investigated according to the concentration of Cs. The contribution of K on trace Cs desorption is probed by applying different concentrations of K on Cs-doped vermiculite and micaceous structures. Cs sorption isotherms at chemical equilibrium were combined with elemental mass balances in solution and structural analyses. Cs replace easily Mg2+ > Ca2+ and competes scarcely with K. Cs is strongly adsorbed on the various matrix and a K/Cs ratio about a thousand is required to remobilize Cs. Cs is exchangeable as long as the clay interlayer space remains open to Ca2+. However, excess of K, as well as Cs, in solution leads to the collapse of the interlayer spaces that locks the Cs into the structure. Once K and/or Cs collapse the interlayer space, the external sorption sites are then particularly involved in Cs sorption. Subsequently, Cs+ exchanges preferentially with Ca2+ rather than Mg2+. Mg2+ is extruded from the interlayer space by Cs+ and K+ adsorption, excluded from short interlayer space and replaced by Ca2+ as Cs+ desorbs.