bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linear and Nonlinear Modeling of Cerebral Flow Autoregulation Using Principal Dynamic Modes
Authors: Marmarelis VZ , Shin DC , Zhang R
Published: February 2015

Cerebral Flow Autoregulation (CFA) is the dynamic process by which cerebral blood flow is maintained within physiologically acceptable bounds during fluctuations of cerebral perfusion pressure. The distinction is made with “static” flow autoregulation under steady-state conditions of perfusion pressure, described by the celebrated “autoregulatory curve” with a homeostatic plateau. This paper studies the dynamic CFA during changes in perfusion pressure, which attains critical clinical importance in patients with stroke, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disease with a cerebrovascular component. Mathematical and computational models have been used to advance our quantitative understanding of dynamic CFA and to elucidate the underlying physiological mechanisms by analyzing the relation between beat-to-beat data of mean arterial blood pressure (viewed as input) and mean cerebral blood flow velocity(viewed as output) of a putative CFA system. Although previous studies have shown that the dynamic CFA process is nonlinear, most modeling studies to date have been linear. It has also been shown that blood CO2 tension affects the CFA process. This paper presents a nonlinear modeling methodology that includes the dynamic effects of CO2 tension (or its surrogate, end-tidal CO2) as a second input and quantifies CFA from short data-records of healthy human subjects by use of the modeling concept of Principal Dynamic Modes (PDMs). The PDMs improve the robustness of the obtained nonlinear models and facilitate their physiological interpretation. The results demonstrate the importance of including the CO2 input in the dynamic CFA study and the utility of nonlinear models under hypercapnic or hypocapnic conditions.
Quantitative Analysis of Low-strain Characteristics on Defective Piles with Constriction or Segregation
Authors: Wang Zegen , Chen Lin , Xiao Zuocheng
Published: February 2015

As one of the most commonly used dynamic pile test technologies, low-strain reflected wave method is
increasingly used in pile integrity testing. Currently, field test is only operated in the simple discriminant of defect, but is
lack of the comprehension of stress reflection law of different degree defects, especially of the quantitative analysis of
defect. To solve the problem, differences between reflected wave of different defective piles are compared, situations with
different segregation degrees are simulated with finite element method. The degree of pile concrete segregation was
quantificational analyzed in accordance with the theory that velocity-time curve is consistent, which combines the defect
characteristics of the ratio between reflected wave peak and incident wave peak ,and the concrete modulus between
segregation section and the normal. The construction of finite element method will be significant guidance for practical
engineering.
Application of digital radiography for measuring in clinical dental practice
Authors: Ilic Dragan , Stojanovic Ljiljana
Published: February 2015

Introduction. The recent literature data points out a rising application of
digital radiography - radiovisiography (RVG) - in dental clinical practice.
Objective. The aim of this study was to apply and compare RVG with the
conventional radiographic technique (CRDG) in terms of accuracy in linear
measurement in dentistry. Methods. Measurements were done on the mandibular
dogs teeth considering incisors crown width and height of the surrounding
alveolar bone using RVG and CRDG. The control technique (CONT) involved
values obtained by direct gauging in dogs mouth. Each measuring was done by
two examiners. Results. Considering the incisors? crown width, there were no
significant statistical difference in measurement using CRDG, RVG and CONT
technique (p>0.01). Concerning the alveolar height gauging there were no
significant difference in recorded values between the two radiographic
techniques (p>0.01). The high level of inter-examiner agreement was observed
for scoring in all techniques (CRDG, RVG and CONT). Conclusion. Although RVG
did not expose more accuracy comparing to CRDG, having opulent tool service
the first technique contributed more comfortable work during measuring
procedures in this study.
Osteoporosis - a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases: A follow-up study
Authors: Tasic Ivan , Rasic-Popovic Marina , Stojanovic Sonja , Stamenkovic Bojana , Kostic Svetlana , Popovic Dejan , Lazarevic Gordana , Bogdanovic Dragan , Stefanovic Vladisav
Published: February 2015

Introduction. Cardiovascular (CV) diseases and bone fractures due to
osteoporosis are the leading causes of death in the elderly. Objective. The
aim of this study was to demonstrate a correlation between the overall risk
for CV events, and low bone density in postmenopausal women, and its impact
on the incidence of serious CV events. Methods. Our prospective study
involved 300 postmenopausal women. All the examinees were divided into three
groups based on their measured bone density: Group I - 84 examinees with
osteoporosis; Group II - 115 examinees with osteopenia; and Group III - 101
examinees with normal bone density. In all examinees the overall ten-year
risk for a fatal CV event was calculated using the SCORE system tables.
Results. After a 36-month follow-up, CV events occurred in 19 (6.3%)
examinees. Significant differences in the incidence of CV events were
demonstrated between the patients with osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal
bone density (?2=28.7; p<0.001), as well as between those with a high and low
CV risk (?2=22.6; p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed
that smoking (OR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.02 to 6.19; p=0.035), and increase of
overall CV score (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.58; p<0.001) are associated
with increased CV event risk, while the increase of T score value is
associated with decreased risk of CV event (OR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.73;
p=0.002). Conclusion. Measurement of bone density with a standard assessment
of the total CV risk could be useful for selecting women who need intensive
prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Boceprevir in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C: First experiences in Serbia
Authors: Simonovic-Babic Jasmina , Bojovic Ksenija , Fabri Milotka , Kostic Velimir , Jovanovic Maja , Mijailovic Zeljko , Svorcan Petar , Jankovic Goran
Published: February 2015

Introduction. The triple therapy which consists of one of the protease
inhibitor plus pegylated interferon and ribavirin (P/R) is the standard of
care for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1(G1)
infection both in treatment-na?ve and experienced patients. Objective. The
aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and tolerability of this regime
in hospital practice in Serbia. Methods. From July 2012 to October 2012, 20
previously treated patients with advanced fibrosis and HCV G1 infection were
included in the triple antiviral regimen in six referral centers in Serbia.
All patients were treated with response guide therapy (RGT) regime according
to the boceprevir treatment protocol. During the 4-week lead-in period all
patients received peginterferon plus ribavirin. After the lead-in period
boceprevir was added in the dosage of 800 mg three times a day orally. The
subsequent treatment varied according to virologic response and fibrosis.
During the therapy HCV RNA level was measured at week 4, 8, 12, 24 of the
treatment for the assessment of virologic response profile. All patients who
completed therapy were assessed at the end of the treatment and at the end of
an additional 24-week treatment-free period for a sustained virologic
response (SVR). Results. The total of 20 patients with advanced fibrosis was
treated. Among patients with an undetectable HCV RNA level at week 8 the rate
of SVR was 100%. No patient with decrease in the HCV RNA level <1 log 10
IU/ml at treatment week 4 achieved SVR. The overall rate of SVR was 55%. The
safety profile of the treatment regimen was good. Anemia was reported in 25%
of patients. There was no life-threatening treatment adverse event.
Conclusion. Boceprevir in combination with P/R achieved fairly good SVR rates
in patients that were ?most difficult to treat? who failed on dual therapy
and was effective among patients with cirrhosis.
Significance of immunohistochemical expression of p16INK4a in the differentiation of inflammatory and preneoplastic cervical lesions
Authors: Gajanin Zivorad , Vilendecic Rade , Ecim-Zlojutro Vesna , Gajanin Radoslav , Budakov Pavle
Published: February 2015

Introduction. Most studies point at the main role of humanpapilloma virus
(HPV) in the development of dysplasia and cervical cancer. Due to the low
specificity and sensitivity of morphological diagnostic methods it is
necessary to find an adequate marker which would be introduced in the
screening program for cervical cancer. Most research suggests that p16INK4a
is a specific and sensitive marker. Objective. The aim of this research was
to determine the presence of p16INK4a expression in inflammatory and
preneoplastic lesions of the cervix. Methods. The study was performed on 73
samples of cervical biopsy. In 34 patients a preneoplastic change (dysplasia)
in the stratified squamous cervix epithelium was found, and in 39 a
non-specific inflammatory process was disclosed. In all samples,
immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies to p16INK4a was performed.
Results. The expression of p16INK4a was verified in 67.65% of cases in
dysplastic cervical lesions and 38.5% of the inflammatory lesions. A
statistically significant difference was determined in the presence and grade
of expression between dysplastic and inflammatory lesions of the cervix
(?2=24.16; p<0.001). The expression was more frequent and had a higher grade
in dysplastic lesions with high grade and showed a statistically significant
difference compared to the expression in low-grade dysplasia (?2=21.48;
p<0.001). Conclusion. The analysis of the presence of p16INK4a can
differentiate non-neoplastic from preneoplastic changes in the cervix. It is
recommended to use immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical analysis using
p16INK4a in interpreting borderline lesions of the cervix.
Axial torsion and gangrene of Meckel’s diverticulum: Case report
Authors: Radovic Sasa , Albijanic Drago , Albijanic Marko , Krstic Zoran
Published: February 2015

Introduction. Meckel?s diverticulum (MD) is the most prevalent congenital
anomaly of small intestine. It develops due to the incomplete obliteration of
omphalomesenterict duct which normally undergoes obliteration during the
seventh week of gestation. In the majority of cases MD is asymptomatic but it
may cause various complications, such as bleeding, intestinal obstruction and
inflammation. Cases of umbilical sinuses, fistulas and neoplasms related with
MD have been reported, but extremely rare gangrene due to its axial torsion,
especially in children, as is the case of our patients. Case Outline. An
11-year-old boy admitted to hospital due to 24 hours epigastric pain,
vomiting and malaise. After a complete physical examination, and appropriate
pre-surgical laboratory and radiographic tests, surgical exploration was
performed with a midline abdominal incision. On 60th cm proximal to the
ileocecal valve we found a long and in a narrow based ganrenous MD with axial
torsion and fibrotic cord extending from the tip of MD to the ileal
mesentery. Surrounding ileum had normal appearance. A demarcation and
subsequent resection of MD and the surrounding ileum was performed with
endto- end ileal anastomosis. Postoperative recovery was successful and the
patient was discharged after six days. Conclusion. Axial torsion of MD is
presented with non-specific abdominal symptoms and difficult preoperative
diagnosis. The choice of diagnosis and therapy is surgical exploration and
resection of MD.
Giovanni Battista Monteggia (1762-1815)
Authors: Andjelkovic Sladjana , Vuckovic Cedo , Milutinovic Suzana , Palibrk Tomislav , Kadija Marko , Bumbasirevic Marko
Published: February 2015

Giovanni Battista Monteggia was born in Laverne on the 8th of August 1762.
Monteggia started his education in the School of Surgery at the Hospital
Maggiore in Milano in 1779. This hospital was called ?Big House? and it is
one of the oldest medical institutions in Italy. He passed exam in surgery in
1781. Monteggia was promoted to assistant at surgery in Maggiore hospital in
1790. He was among the first who gave a complete clinical description of
polio. He described traumatic hip dislocation and special forearm fracture
which was named after him. Strictly speaking, a Monteggia fracture is a
fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with an anterior dislocation of
the radial head. Monteggia became a member of the renewed Institute of
Science, Literature and Art in Milano in 1813.
Contemporary nuclear medicine diagnostics of neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Todorovic-Tirnanic Mila , Artiko Vera , Pavlovic Smiljana , Sobic-Saranovic Dragana , Obradovic Vladimir
Published: February 2015

The new positron emission tomography (PET/CT) methods for neuroendocrine
tumors detection are presented and compared with classic, conventional
methods. Conventional methods use a gamma scintillation camera for patients
with neuroendocrine tumor imaging, after intravenous injection of one of the
following radiopharmaceuticals: 1) somatostatin analogues labeled with
indium-111 (111In-pentetreotide) or technetium-99m (99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC); 2)
noradrenaline analogue labeled with iodine-131 or -123 (131I/123I-MIBG); or
3) 99mTc(V)-DMSA. Contemporary methods use PET/CT equipment for patients with
neuroendocrine tumor imaging, after intravenous injection of pharmaceuticals
labeled with positron emitters [fluorine-18 (18F), galium-68 (68Ga), or
carbon-11 (11C)]: 1) glucose analogue (18FDG); 2) somatostatin analogue
(68Ga-DOTATOC/68Ga-DOTATATE/68Ga-DOTANOC); 3) aminoacid precursors of
bioamines: [a) dopamine precursor 18F-DOPA (6-18F-dihydroxyphenylalanine), b)
serotonin precursor 11C-5HTP (11C-5-hydroxytryptophan)]; or 4) dopamine
analogue 18F-DA (6-18F-fluorodopamine). Conventional and contemporary (PET/
CT) somatostatin receptor detection showed identical high specificity (92%),
but conventional had very low sensitivity (52%) compared to PET/CT (97%). It
means that almost every second neuroendocrine tumor detected by contemporary
method cannot be discovered using conventional (classic) method. In
metastatic pheochromocytoma detection contemporary (PET/ CT) methods
(18F-DOPA and 18F-DA) have higher sensitivity than conventional
(131I/123I-MIBG). In medullary thyroid carcinoma diagnostics contemporary
method (18F-DOPA) is more sensitive than conventional 99mTc(V)-DMSA method,
and is similar to 18FDG, computed tomography and magnetic resonance. In
carcinoid detection contemporary method (18F-DOPA) shows similar results with
contemporary somatostatin receptor detection, while for
gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors it is worse. To conclude,
contemporary (PET/CT) methods for somatostatin receptor detection
(68Ga-DOTATOC/-NOC/-TATE) in neuroendocrine tumors are much more sensitive
(almost twice) and more accurate than conventional. Therefore the classical
methods should be urgently replaced by contemporary methods.
Hypercalcemic type of small cell carcinoma of the ovary
Authors: Ilic Milena , Jovanovic Dalibor , Milosavljevic Milos , Stankovic Vesna , Djordjevic Gordana , Protrka Zoran , Nedovic Jasmina , Mitrovic Slobodanka
Published: February 2015

Introduction. Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma is a rare, prognostically
bad tumor category. Primary, it can be localized in every organ, even in the
ovary, where, due to its clinical specificities, it represents a challenge in
diagnosis, as well as in therapy. Small cell ovarian carcinoma (SCOC) is
biologically very aggressive malignant tumor of unknown histogenesis. We
presented a rare case of SCOC with hypercalcemia of aggressive course and
fatal outcome in a postmenopausal woman at International Federation of
Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Ia stage. Case report. A 60-year-old woman,
Caucasian, came to the doctor because of discomfort in the lower abdomen and
pain of greater intensity in last few days. Ultrasound examination and CT
scan of the abdomen confirmed the presence of large adnexal masses of
cystic-solid appearance with the largest diameter of 13 cm, regular structure
of the other gynecological organs, without verifying the existence of
metastatic deposits. All the results of laboratory analysis gave normal
values, except for calcium, which was elevated. Explorative laparotomy with
complete hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, dissection of lymph
nodes and omentectomy were conducted. Based on pathohistological analysis of
the operative material, SCOC at FIGO Ia stage was diagnosed. No complications
were observed in a postsurgery period and after 10 days the patient was
discharged in a good condition and with normal calcemia. The treatment was
continued with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, in spite of
overall treatment, the disease progressed, and the patient died of
disseminated metastatic disease, 26 months after the diagnosis. Conclusion.
Small cell carcinoma localized in the ovary is generally a tumor category
with bad prognosis depending on the stage of the disease.
A Nanoscale Simulation Study of Elastic Properties of Gaspeite
Authors: Benazzouz Brahim-Khalil
Published: February 2015

The study of structural and mechanical properties of carbonate rock is an interesting subject in engineering and its different applications. In this paper, the crystal structure of gaspeite (NiCO3) is investigated by carrying out molecular dynamics simulations based on energy minimization technique using an interatomic interaction potential.

At first, we focus on the structural properties of gaspeite mineral. And then, the elastic properties are calculated, including the elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, the S- and P-wave velocities. In the next part of this paper, the pressure effect will be studied on the structural and elastic properties of NiCO3 at high pressure.
State of Strength in Massive Concrete Structure Subjected to Non-Mechanical Loads
Authors: Łydźba Dariusz , Sobótka Maciej
Published: February 2015

The paper deals with an impact of non–mechanical loads on the state of strength in massive concrete hydraulic structures. An example of hydroelectric plant subjected to the effect of water temperature annual fluctuation is considered. Numerical analysis of transient thermal–elasticity problem was performed. After determining the temperature distributions within the domain, the Duhamel-Neumann set of constitutive equations was employed to evaluate fields of mechanical quantities: displacement, strain and stress. The failure criterion proposed by Pietruszczak was adopted in assessing whether the load induces exceeding of strength of concrete within the structure volume. The primary finding is that the temperature effect can lead to damage of concrete in draft tubes and spirals, especially in winter months.
Behaviour of Cohesive Soil Subjected to Low-Frequency Cyclic Loading in Strain-Controlled Tests
Authors: Kalinowska Marta , Jastrzębska Małgorzata
Published: February 2015

The subject of the paper comprises tests of cohesive soil subjected to low-frequency cyclic loading with constant strain amplitude. The main aim of the research is to define a failure criteria for cohesive soils subjected to this type of load. Tests of undrained cyclic shear were carried out in a triaxial apparatus on normally consolidated reworked soil samples made of kaolinite clay from Tułowice. Analysis of the results includes the influence of number of load cycles on the course of effective stress paths, development of excess pore water pressure and stress deviator value. Observed regularities may seem surprising. The effective stress path initially moves away from the boundary surface and only after a certain number of load-unload cycles change of its direction occurs and it starts to move consequently towards the surface. At the same time, it has been observed that pore water pressure value decreases at the beginning and after few hundred cycles increases again. It is a typical behaviour for overconsolidated soil, while test samples are normally consolidated. Additionally, a similar change in deviator stress value has been observed - at first it decreases and later, with subsequent cycles, re-increases.
Comparative Model Tests of SDP and CFA Pile Groups in Non-Cohesive Soil
Authors: Krasiński Adam , Kusio Tomasz
Published: February 2015

The research topic relates to the subject of deep foundations supported on continuous flight auger (CFA) piles and screw displacement piles (SDP). The authors have decided to conduct model tests of foundations supported on the group of piles mentioned above and also the tests of the same piles working as a single. The tests are ongoing in Geotechnical Laboratory of Gdaňsk University of Technology. The description of test procedure, interpretation and analysis of the preliminary testing series results are presented in the paper.
Technical Note: Stability of a Levee Made of Bottom Sediments From a Dam Reservoir
Authors: Koś Karolina , Zawisza Eugeniusz
Published: February 2015

Stability analysis of a levee made of the bottom sediments from Czorsztyn-Niedzica Reservoir is presented in the paper. These sediments were classified as silty sands and, based on the authors' own research, their geotechnical parameters were beneficial, so the possibility of using this material for the hydraulic embankments was considered. Stability and filtration calculations were carried out for a levee that had the same top width - 3 m, slope inclinations 1:2 and different heights: 4, 6 and 8 m. Two methods were used: analytical and numerical. Calculations were carried out without and with a steady and unsteady seepage filtration. Based on the analysis carried out it was stated that the levee made of the bottom sediments is stable even at the height of 8.0 m, although because of the seepage on the downstream side it is recommended to use a drainage at the toe of the slope.
Tyrosol Prevents Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Cardiac Injury in H9c2 Cells: Involvement of ROS, Hsp70, JNK and ERK, and Apoptosis
Authors: Sun Liwei , Fan Hang , Yang Lingguang , Shi Lingling , Liu Yujun
Published: February 2015

Ischemia-Reperfusion (I/R) injury causes ROS overproduction, creating oxidative stress, and can trigger myocyte death, resulting in heart failure. Tyrosol is an antioxidant abounded in diets and medicine. Our objective was to investigate the protective effect of tyrosol on I/R-caused mortality in H9c2 cardiomyocytes through its influence on ROS, Hsp70, ERK, JNK, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-8. A simulated I/R model was used, myocytes loss was examined by MTT, and ROS levels were measured using DCFH-DA. Nuclear condensation and caspase-3 activity were assessed by DAPI staining and fluorometric assay. Phosphorylated ERK and JNK were determined by electrochemiluminescent ELISA, and Hsp70, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-8 were examined by Western blotting. Results show that tyrosol salvaged myocyte loss, inhibited nuclear condensation and caspase-3 activity dose-dependently, indicating its protection against I/R-caused myocyte loss. Furthermore, tyrosol significantly inhibited ROS accumulation and activation of ERK and JNK, augmenting Hsp70 expression. Besides, tyrosol inhibited I/R-induced apoptosis, associated with retained anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, and attenuated pro-apoptotic Bax protein, resulting in a preservation of Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Finally, tyrosol notably decreased cleaved caspase-8 levels. In conclusion, cytoprotection of tyrosol in I/R-caused myocyte mortality was involved with the mitigation of ROS, prohibition of the activation of ERK, JNK and caspase-8, and elevation of Hsp70 and Bcl-2/Bax ratio.
DNA under Force: Mechanics, Electrostatics, and Hydration
Authors: Li Jingqiang , Wijeratne Sithara , Qiu Xiangyun , Kiang Ching-Hwa
Published: February 2015

Quantifying the basic intra- and inter-molecular forces of DNA has helped us to better understand and further predict the behavior of DNA. Single molecule technique elucidates the mechanics of DNA under applied external forces, sometimes under extreme forces. On the other hand, ensemble studies of DNA molecular force allow us to extend our understanding of DNA molecules under other forces such as electrostatic and hydration forces. Using a variety of techniques, we can have a comprehensive understanding of DNA molecular forces, which is crucial in unraveling the complex DNA functions in living cells as well as in designing a system that utilizes the unique properties of DNA in nanotechnology.
Reducing Postpartum Weight Retention and Improving Breastfeeding Outcomes in Overweight Women: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Martin Julia , MacDonald-Wicks Lesley , Hure Alexis , Smith Roger , Collins Clare
Published: February 2015

Overweight and obesity is prevalent among women of reproductive age (42% BMI > 25 kg/m2) and parity is associated with risk of weight gain. Weight gain greater than that recommended by the Institute of Medicine (IOM )is also associated with lower rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration in women. The aim of this pilot randomised controlled trial is to examine the feasibility of recruiting and maintaining a cohort of pregnant women with the view of reducing postpartum weight retention and improving breastfeeding outcomes. Women (BMI of 25–35 kg/m2 (n = 36)) were recruited from the John Hunter Hospital antenatal clinic in New South Wales, Australia. Participants were stratified by BMI and randomised to one of three groups with follow-up to six months postpartum. Women received a dietary intervention with or without breastfeeding support from a lactation consultant, or were assigned to a wait-list control group where the dietary intervention was issued at three months postpartum. Feasibility and acceptability was assessed by participation rates and questionnaire. Analysis of variance and covariance was conducted to determine any differences between groups. Sixty-nine per cent of the participants were still enrolled at six months postpartum. This pilot demonstrated some difficulties in recruiting women from antenatal clinics and retaining them in the trial. Although underpowered; the results on weight; biomarkers and breastfeeding outcomes indicated improved metabolic health.
Double Crowding-Out Effects of Means-Tested Public Provision for Long-Term Care
Authors: Courbage Christophe , Zweifel Peter
Published: February 2015

Publicly provided long-term care (LTC) insurance with means-tested benefits is suspected to crowd out either private saving or informal care. This contribution predicts crowding-out effects for both private saving and informal care for policy measures designed to relieve the public purse from LTC expenditure such as more stringent means testing and increased taxation of inheritance. These effects result from the interaction of a parent who decides on the amount of saving in retirement and a caregiver who decides on the effort devoted to informal care which lowers the probability of admission to a nursing home. Double crowding-out effects are also found to be the consequence of exogenous influences, notably a higher opportunity cost of caregiving.
Fast and Flexible Movable Vision Measurement for the Surface of a Large-Sized Object
Authors: Liu Zhen , Li Xiaojing , Li Fengjiao , Wei Xinguo , Zhang Guanjun
Published: February 2015

The presented movable vision measurement for the three-dimensional (3D) surface of a large-sized object has the advantages of system simplicity, low cost, and high accuracy. Aiming at addressing the problems of existing movable vision measurement methods, a more suitable method for large-sized products on industrial sites is introduced in this paper. A raster binocular vision sensor and a wide-field camera are combined to form a 3D scanning sensor. During measurement, several planar targets are placed around the object to be measured. With the planar target as an intermediary, the local 3D data measured by the scanning sensor are integrated into the global coordinate system. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through physical experiments.
Sustainability Education in Massive Open Online Courses: A Content Analysis Approach
Authors: Zhan Zehui , Fong Patrick , Mei Hu , Chang Xuhua , Liang Ting , Ma Zicheng
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of sustainability education in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Sample MOOCs were searched for from seven popular platforms and three search engines. After screening, 51 courses were identified as the final sample. Course description, content outlines, reading materials, recommended textbooks and discussion threads were coded to obtain insights into sustainability education learning contents, pedagogical methods, and interaction situations. Results indicated that: (1) Edx and Coursera are platforms that incorporated the most sustainability-related courses, and most instructors were senior academics with the title of professor. American and European countries outperformed other English speaking countries as early birds in sustainability education using MOOCs. The average course length of our MOOC samples is 7.6 weeks, which is much shorter than a typical face-to-face college course; (2) Current MOOCs provided mainly introductory-level courses without prerequisites. Fourteen sustainability-related hot topics and five most popular textbooks were identified; (3) The pedagogical means used most frequently were discussion forums and lecture videos, while pedagogies such as team-based learning were not used to a large extent; (4) Learner interaction flourished in MOOCs, and sub-forums regarding Lecture Reflection, Welcome and Introduction were posted with most threads, replies, and votes. Our findings suggest that the MOOC is an innovative method in sustainability education and research. A variety of information and strategies could be used when preparing sustainability-related MOOCs.
Structures of Eukaryotic Ribosomal Stalk Proteins and Its Complex with Trichosanthin, and Their Implications in Recruiting Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins to the Ribosomes
Authors: Choi Andrew , Wong Eddie , Lee Ka-Ming , Wong Kam-Bo
Published: February 2015

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP) are RNA N-glycosidases that inactivate ribosomes by specifically depurinating a conserved adenine residue at the α-sarcin/ricin loop of 28S rRNA. Recent studies have pointed to the involvement of the C-terminal domain of the eukaryotic stalk proteins in facilitating the toxic action of RIPs. This review highlights how structural studies of eukaryotic stalk proteins provide insights into the recruitment of RIPs to the ribosomes. Since the C-terminal domain of eukaryotic stalk proteins is involved in specific recognition of elongation factors and some eukaryote-specific RIPs (e.g., trichosanthin and ricin), we postulate that these RIPs may have evolved to hijack the translation-factor-recruiting function of ribosomal stalk in reaching their target site of rRNA.
Biology, Genetics, and Management of Ergot (Claviceps spp.) in Rye, Sorghum, and Pearl Millet
Authors: Miedaner Thomas , Geiger Hartwig
Published: February 2015

Ergot is a disease of cereals and grasses caused by fungi in the genus Claviceps. Of particular concern are Claviceps purpurea in temperate regions, C. africana in sorghum (worldwide), and C. fusiformis in pearl millet (Africa, Asia). The fungi infect young, usually unfertilized ovaries, replacing the seeds by dark mycelial masses known as sclerotia. The percentage of sclerotia in marketable grain is strictly regulated in many countries. In winter rye, ergot has been known in Europe since the early Middle Ages. The alkaloids produced by the fungus severely affect the health of humans and warm-blooded animals. In sorghum and pearl millet, ergot became a problem when growers adopted hybrid technology, which increased host susceptibility. Plant traits reducing ergot infection include immediate pollination of receptive stigmas, closed flowering (cleistogamy), and physiological resistance. Genetic, nonpollen-mediated variation in ergot susceptibility could be demonstrated in all three affected cereals. Fungicides have limited efficacy and application is weather dependent. Sorting out the sclerotia from the harvest by photocells is expensive and time consuming. In conclusion, molecular-based hybrid rye breeding could improve pollen fertility by introgressing effective restorer genes thus bringing down the ergot infection level to that of conventional population cultivars. A further reduction might be feasible in the future by selecting more resistant germplasm.
L'accouchement par césarienne, un risque pour les droits reproductifs ?
Authors: Brugeilles Carole
Published: February 2015

La possibilité d’accoucher par césarienne est souvent associée à l’amélioration de la santé de la reproduction et au respect des droits qui lui sont associés. Dans les pays du Sud, elle est rarement pratiquée dans certains contextes, ce qui est préjudiciable à la santé et ne garantit pas les droits reproductifs, alors que dans d’autres, sa fréquence élevée suscite des controverses. Cet article propose de discuter les relations complexes de l’accouchement par césarienne avec la santé et les droits reproductifs. L’utilisation massive de la césarienne représente-t-elle une limite à la santé reproductive et une entrave à l’exercice des droits reproductifs ? L’analyse est fondée sur une synthèse bibliographique de références principalement médicales, épidémiologiques et de santé publique, les sciences sociales étant relativement en retrait sur cette question. Une attention particulière est portée à l’Amérique latine, sous-continent très concerné par « l’épidémie de césariennes ».
Reduction of Lactobacillus in the milks of cows with subclinical mastitis
Authors: Qiao J. , Kwok L. , Zhang J. , Gao P. , Zheng Y. , Guo Z. , Hou Q. , Huo D. , Huang W. , Zhang H.
Published: February 2015

Clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis are the most frequent diseases encountered on dairy farms worldwide, which cause significant economic loss and veterinary cost. The mastitic disease status is associated with increases in both milk bacterial pathogens and somatic cell count (SCC). Although it is well established that the mastitic pathogens generally correlate with the milk SCC, to our knowledge, the correlation between the probiotic genus, Lactobacillus, and the mastitic causative bacteria and SCC have not been determined previously. Thus, in this study, milk samples from 12 mild and 28 severe subclinical mastitic dairy cows were collected from the same farm. The overall milk bacterial load was quantified with the total plate count method. The Lactobacillus genus and 4 common clinical and subclinical mastitic pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Trueperella pyogenes) in the sampled milk were enumerated by quantitative PCR. Mild and severe subclinical mastitic samples were distinctly separated on the principal component analysis score plot generated based on the quantities of these 5 target bacteria, suggesting that clear differences existed in the microbiological composition between the two sample groups. Based on comparison with the pairwise Mann-Whitney test, the mild subclinical mastitic dairy cows had a significantly higher amounts of lactobacilli (P=0.0175), but lower E. coli (P=0.0002), S. aureus (P<0.0001), S. agalactiae (P=0.0001) and T. pyogenes (P=0.0044) quantities, while an opposite trend occurred in the severe subclinical mastitic group. The negative correlation between Lactobacillus and the pathogenic bacteria, as well as the SCC, was confirmed with Spearman correlation analysis. Data generated from the current study may hint to a close relationship between Lactobacillus and the health of bovine udder.
Seizure Patterns in Childhood
Authors: Wolf Steven M. , McGoldrick Patricia E.
Published: February 2015

Seizures are alarming and can be life-threatening. It is essential that pediatric providers be able to identify those paroxysmal events most likely to be seizures and to know which require immediate evaluation. Severity can range from childhood syndromes that are controlled relatively easily and usually outgrown to epileptic encephalopathies that are associated with severe developmental delay and sometimes death. Familiarity with seizure semiology can guide early diagnosis and treatment.

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Pediatr Ann
. 2015;44(2):e24–e29.]
Antiepileptic Drugs—A Review
Authors: Sankaraneni Ram , Lachhwani Deepak
Published: February 2015

Epilepsy is a common neurological condition that affects approximately 1% of the general population. In addition, about 10% of the population experiences a seizure sometime during life. The treatment options for epilepsy have come a long way from the bromides to the current era in which we now have multiple treatment modalities, including medications, implantable devices, and surgery. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay for treatment of epilepsy with about 70% of children achieving good control with medications alone. The past decade has witnessed the emergence of multiple AEDs—with more than 24 AEDs to choose from presently. The newer drugs provide us with novel mechanisms of action and improved safety profile. This expanded choice of AEDs has made it possible to offer tailored-treatment plans based on unique patient profiles. However, such an ever-increasing choice of medications also poses a challenge for the treating physician as far as choosing the initial drug is concerned—especially because there is limited data comparing the efficacy of one drug to the other. An additional humbling fact remains that, despite an increase in the choice of medications, we are still only able to treat the symptoms of seizures without making any significant progress in reversing or stopping the underlying mechanism of epileptogenesis or in offering neuroprotection from epileptogenesis. Therefore, it is not surprising that, despite the wide array of AED choices, the prevalence of drug-resistant epilepsy has not improved. This article aims at giving a short overview of currently available AEDs.

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Pediatr Ann

.
2015;44(2):e36–e42.]
Diagnostic Considerations in Infants and Children with Cyanosis
Authors: Hiremath Gurumurthy , Kamat Deepak
Published: February 2015

Cyanosis is defined by bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosa. It is a clinical manifestation of desaturation of arterial or capillary blood and may indicate serious hemodynamic abnormality. The goal of this article is to help the reader understand the etiology and pathophysiology of cyanosis and to formulate an approach to its differential diagnosis.

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Pediatr Ann.
2015;44(2):76–80.]
Spelling Otherness
Authors: Ghosh Sanjukta
Published: February 2015

In the last 15 years, as many as 11 young Americans of Indian descent have won the Scripps National Spelling Bee. This pattern of one small community's dominance in academic competitions has been seen not just in the spelling bee but also in geography bees, math competitions, and science Olympiads. This has led mainstream media to resurrect the notion of the “Model Minority,” with Indian Americans becoming the new holders of this eponym. This chapter analyzes the discursive construction of Indian Americans as racial emblems in media reports and online message boards. Using Eduardo Bonilla-Silva's notion of “color-blind racism” and Edward Said's theory of Orientalism, the chapter discusses how these children have become exemplars of racial assimilation even as they are indelibly marked as “forever foreign,” and why Indian-Americans feel the compulsion to attempt to conquer “the master's tools.”
The Intersection of the Asian American Model Minority Myth and Sports
Authors: Mok Teresa A. , Chih David W.
Published: February 2015

While the model minority stereotype depicts Asian Americans as having somehow “made it” in American society, rarely does the discourse involve Asian American athletes. The purpose of this chapter is to delineate how race and the model minority myth were an integral part of the media coverage and affected perceptions of the phenomenon known colloquially as “Linsanity,” which charted the unprecedented rise of Jeremy Lin. In 2012, Jeremy Lin became one of the most famous players in the NBA. By exploring the popular press coverage of this event, fueled by the Internet and social media, the intersection of the model minority myth and athletics are investigated. Through a combination of media critique and analysis, narrative, psychological literature, and coverage of other Asian and Asian American athletes, the authors illustrate how racism was a prominent factor and a significant part of the everyday discourse that permeated the coverage of Jeremy Lin.
From Model Minority to “Angry Asian Man”
Authors: Velasquez Tanya Grace
Published: February 2015

In various social media formats, Asian Americans have posted angry and creative reactions to cyber racism. This chapter discusses the benefits of using social media discourse analysis to teach students about the modern societal impact of the model minority stereotype and Asian Americans who resist online. Methods and theories that support this interdisciplinary approach include racial identity development theory, racial formations, critical race theory, feminist perspectives, and culturally relevant pedagogy. As a result, students learn to deconstruct cultural productions that shape the sociopolitical meanings of Asian American identity while critically reflecting on their own experiences with the stereotype. The work discussed in this chapter is based on participatory action research principles to develop critical media literacy, foster counter-hegemonic stories, and promote social change that expands our knowledge, institutional support, and compassion for the divergent experiences of Asian Americans, particularly in college settings.
“You Speak Good English”
Authors: Chang Rong , Morris Sarah L.
Published: February 2015

This chapter describes how the first author, Rong, has experienced stereotyping as a Chinese female immigrant and doctoral student in America, as her experiences typify the experiences of the model minority. Drawing from Rong's personal journal reflections, the authors use autoethnography as the methodology to present her lived experiences as research. Through reflections on Rong's own understandings, this writing seeks to connect individual experiences to larger social, cultural, and political conditions of the United States (Ellis, 2004). The authors recount four different personal encounters with stereotyping in Rong's local community and in the process of pursuing higher education, and discuss the psychosocial impacts resulting from this type of discrimination. Through this work, the authors seek to contribute to the discourse of the social problem of stereotyping for the so-called “model minority.”
Thwarting or Embodying Model Minority Stereotypes
Authors: Kim Eunyoung , Aquino Katherine C.
Published: February 2015

This chapter provides a critical review of research on Asian international students' educational experiences in American higher education, highlighting key findings and identifying trends and dominant narratives that account for adjustment struggles, issues, stresses, and challenges. The authors argue that despite a large amount of research on the complex realities associated with Asian international students' adjustment experiences, such as the academic, the psychological, the sociocultural, and the linguistic, the discourse on model minority stereotypes has yet to include meaningful research on Asian international students. In an effort to advance the theoretical underpinnings for research on Asian international students, a new Transitory Accommodation Model (TAM) is presented, focusing primarily on academic pressure and motivation, academic self-efficacy, and acculturation to a new academic environment. The model builds on existing theoretical principles associated with academic self-worth, coping ability, and social connectedness within a new culture and academic setting. Implications for future research are also discussed.
Football in Singapore
Authors: Peh Ken
Published: February 2015

This chapter discusses the development of association football as a national phenomenon in Singapore with respect to its wider social and historical background. Asia's and Singapore's contact with Western sport has to be understood in relation to a process of both appreciation for and cultural resistance to it. The discussion looks at football's development and associated problems in the country at a historical and social angle, and from the three perspectives of “globalization,” “individual level,” and “national society level,” with the hope of providing a concise but inclusive analysis of the de facto “national sport” in Singapore. From the perspective of sport management, this chapter intends to make readers appreciate the notion that over more than 100 years of historical process football has developed into a popular cultural phenomenon in the country: an icon that is worthy of protection and promotion for its potential social and commercial benefits.
Incorporate Environmental Protection into the Olympic Games
Authors: Jin Liyan , Zhang James J.
Published: February 2015

The objective of this chapter is to illustrate how Beijing has addressed its environmental issues to fulfill its “Green Olympics” promise. A general overview is first provided on how environmental protection has become an important part of the Olympic Games. Then, the chapter presents the extensive environmental efforts associated with hosting the Beijing Olympic Games, mainly focusing on such areas as air quality, energy, transportation, water environment, green coverage, solid waste, and environmental education. Finally, the chapter touches on the environmental impact of the Beijing Olympics from local residents' perspectives, illustrating that the Beijing Olympics provided a unique opportunity for the city to speed up its urban environmental reform. With a mandatory environmental policy and collective efforts involving the government, environmental agencies, and community groups, hosting a mega sport event can create a positive environmental legacy to the host city and its country.
Towards Ontological Structures Extraction from Folksonomies
Authors: Zahia Marouf , Mohamed Benslimane Sidi
Published: February 2015

Folksonomies are one of the technologies of Web 2.0 that permit users to annotate resources on the Web. In this paper, the authors propose an integrated approach to extract ontological structures from unstructured and semi-structured resources. Our proposal overcome limitations of existing approaches. It gives a formal, simple, and efficient solution to the tag clustering and disambiguation problem. Moreover, their approach doesn't need any ontology as an upper guide during the generation process. The generated ontology can be used to enhance various tasks such as ontology evolution and enrichment.