bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Situ X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Stresses during Deep Rolling of Steel
Authors: Meyer Heiner , Epp Jérémy
Published: September 2018

Residual stresses originating from elasto-plastic deformation during mechanical processing can be analyzed post-process with various known methods. A new measurement method to measure and evaluate the strain and stress fields in situ under the contact point during a deep rolling process was developed to describe the dependence of the residual stresses from the internal material load. Using synchrotron radiation at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) (ID11), diffraction measurements were performed in transmission geometry during dynamical loading with different process parameters. The strain and stress fields were analyzed with high spatial resolution in an 8 mm × 4 mm area around the contact point during the process using a 13-mm tungsten carbide roller on samples of AISI 4140H steel. Fast data acquisition allowed the reconstruction of full two-dimensional (2D) strain and stress maps. These could be used to determine the response from the initial material state in front of the roller to the mechanically loaded region with plastic deformation up to the processed material with the resulting residual stresses. This comprehensive analysis was then used to link the internal material load with the resulting residual stresses in the final material state.
Prescribing Warfarin to a Patient with Oesophageal Varices—A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: George Jayan , Haboubi Hasan N.
Published: September 2018

We describe the case of a 42-year old man who presented with melaena. He was found to have bleeding varices during endoscopic investigation. Subsequent investigation revealed the aetiology to be a portal vein thrombosis (PVT) due to an underlying pro-coagulable state (Factor V Leiden). He was managed with cautious anticoagulation but suffered a life-threatening upper gastrointestinal bleed that was not amenable to endoscopic treatment or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS). As such, the only therapeutic option involved the pursuit of surgical shunt operations. We review the literature regarding this atypical cause of GI-bleeding and discuss medical and surgical considerations for the management of such patients.
Compensation of Oxygen Transmittance Effects for Proximal Sensing Retrieval of Canopy–Leaving Sun–Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence
Authors: Sabater Neus , Vicent Jorge , Alonso Luis , Verrelst Jochem , Middleton Elizabeth M. , Porcar-Castell Albert , Moreno José
Published: September 2018

Estimates of Sun–Induced vegetation chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) using remote sensing techniques are commonly determined by exploiting solar and/or telluric absorption features. When SIF is retrieved in the strong oxygen (O 2 ) absorption features, atmospheric effects must always be compensated. Whereas correction of atmospheric effects is a standard airborne or satellite data processing step, there is no consensus regarding whether it is required for SIF proximal–sensing measurements nor what is the best strategy to be followed. Thus, by using simulated data, this work provides a comprehensive analysis about how atmospheric effects impact SIF estimations on proximal sensing, regarding: (1) the sensor height above the vegetated canopy; (2) the SIF retrieval technique used, e.g., Fraunhofer Line Discriminator (FLD) family or Spectral Fitting Methods (SFM); and (3) the instrument’s spectral resolution. We demonstrate that for proximal–sensing scenarios compensating for atmospheric effects by simply introducing the O 2 transmittance function into the FLD or SFM formulations improves SIF estimations. However, these simplistic corrections still lead to inaccurate SIF estimations due to the multiplication of spectrally convolved atmospheric transfer functions with absorption features. Consequently, a more rigorous oxygen compensation strategy is proposed and assessed by following a classic airborne atmospheric correction scheme adapted to proximal sensing. This approach allows compensating for the O 2 absorption effects and, at the same time, convolving the high spectral resolution data according to the corresponding Instrumental Spectral Response Function (ISRF) through the use of an atmospheric radiative transfer model. Finally, due to the key role of O 2 absorption on the evaluated proximal–sensing SIF retrieval strategies, its dependency on surface pressure (p) and air temperature (T) was also assessed. As an example, we combined simulated spectral data with p and T measurements obtained for a one–year period in the Hyytiälä Forestry Field Station in Finland. Of importance hereby is that seasonal dynamics in terms of T and p, if not appropriately considered as part of the retrieval strategy, can result in erroneous SIF seasonal trends that mimic those of known dynamics for temperature–dependent physiological responses of vegetation.
Using Imaging Spectrometry to Study Changes in Crop Area in California’s Central Valley during Drought
Authors: Shivers Sarah W. , Roberts Dar A. , McFadden Joseph P. , Tague Christina
Published: September 2018

In California, predicted climate warming increases the likelihood of extreme droughts. As irrigated agriculture accounts for 80% of the state’s managed water supply, the response of the agricultural sector will play a large role in future drought impacts. This study examined one drought adaptation strategy, changes in planting decisions, using Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) imagery from June 2013, 2014, and 2015 from the Central Valley of California. We used the random forest classifier to classify crops into categories of similar water use. Classification accuracy was assessed using the random forest out-of-bag accuracy, and an independently validated accuracy at both the pixel and field levels. These results were then compared to simulated Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) and simulated Sentinel-2B results. The classification was further analyzed for method portability and band importance. The resultant crop maps were used to analyze changes in crop area as one measure of agricultural adaptation in times of drought. The results showed overall field-level accuracies of 94.4% with AVIRIS, as opposed to 90.4% with Landsat OLI and 91.7% with Sentinel, indicating that hyperspectral imagery has the potential to identify crops by water-use group at a single time step at higher accuracies than multispectral sensors. Crop maps produced using the random forest classifier indicated that the total crop area decreased as the drought persisted from 2013 to 2015. Changes in area by crop type revealed that decisions regarding which crop to grow and which to fallow in times of drought were not driven by the average water requirements of crop groups, but rather showed possible linkages to crop value and/or crop permanence.
A Spectral–Temporal Patch-Based Missing Area Reconstruction for Time-Series Images
Authors: Wu Wei , Ge Luoqi , Luo Jiancheng , Huan Ruohong , Yang Yingpin
Published: September 2018

Clouds, cloud shadows (CCS), and numerous other factors will cause a missing data problem in passive remote sensing images. A well-known reconstruction method is the selection of a similar pixel (with an additional clear reference image) from the remaining clear part of an image to replace the missing pixel. Due to the merit of filling the missing value using a pixel acquired on the same image with the same sensor and the same date, this method is suitable for time-series applications when a time-series profile-based similar measure is utilized for selecting the similar pixel. Since the similar pixel is independently selected, the improper reference pixel or various accuracies obtained by different land covers causes the problem of salt-and-pepper noise in the reconstructed part of an image. To overcome these problems, this paper presents a spectral–temporal patch (STP)-based missing area reconstruction method for time-series images. First, the STP, the pixels of which have similar spectral and temporal evolution characteristics, is extracted using multi-temporal image segmentation. However, some STP have Missing Observations (STPMO) in the time series, which should be reconstructed. Next, for an STPMO, the most similar STP is selected as the reference STP; then, the mean and standard deviation of the STPMO is predicted using a linear regression method with the reference STP. Finally, the textural information, which is denoted by the spatial configuration of color or intensities of neighboring pixels, is extracted from the clear temporal-adjacent STP and “injected” into the missing area to obtain synthetic cloud-free images. We performed an STP-based missing area reconstruction experiment in Jiangzhou, Chongzuo, Guangxi with time-series images acquired by wide field view (WFV) onboard Chinese Gao Fen 1 on 12 different dates. The results indicate that the proposed method can effectively recover the missing information without salt-and-pepper noise in the reconstructed area; also, the reconstructed part of the image is consistent with the clear part without a false edge. The results confirm that the spectral information from the remaining clear part of the same image and textural information from the temporal-adjacent image can create seamless time-series images.
Water-Based Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticle Ink for Printed Toluene Vapours Sensor Operating at Room Temperature
Authors: Maslik Jan , Kuritka Ivo , Urbanek Pavel , Krcmar Petr , Suly Pavol , Masar Milan , Machovsky Michal
Published: September 2018

This study is focused on the development of water-based ITO nanoparticle dispersions and ink-jet fabrication methodology of an indium tin oxide (ITO) sensor for room temperature operations. Dimensionless correlations of material-tool-process variables were used to map the printing process and several interpretational frameworks were re-examined. A reduction of the problem to the Newtonian fluid approach was applied for the sake of simplicity. The ink properties as well as the properties of the deposited layers were tested for various nanoparticles loading. High-quality films were prepared and annealed at different temperatures. The best performing material composition, process parameters and post-print treatment conditions were used for preparing the testing sensor devices. Printed specimens were exposed to toluene vapours at room temperature. Good sensitivity, fast responses and recoveries were observed in ambient air although the n-type response mechanism to toluene is influenced by moisture in air and baseline drift was observed. Sensing response inversion was observed in an oxygen and moisture-free N2 atmosphere which is explained by the charge-transfer mechanism between the adsorbent and adsorbate molecules. The sensitivity of the device was slightly better and the response was stable showing no drifts in the protective atmosphere.
A oneM2M-Based Query Engine for Internet of Things (IoT) Data Streams
Authors: Widya Putu Wiramaswara , Yustiawan Yoga , Kwon Joonho
Published: September 2018

The new standard oneM2M (one machine-to-machine) aims to standardize the architecture and protocols of Internet of Things (IoT) middleware for better interoperability. Although the standard seems promising, it lacks several features for efficiently searching and retrieving IoT data which satisfy users’ intentions. In this paper, we design and develop a oneM2M-based query engine, called OMQ, that provides a real-time processing over IoT data streams. For this purpose, we define a query language which enables users to retrieve IoT data from data sources using JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). We also propose efficient query processing algorithms which utilizes the oneM2M architecture consisting of two nodes: (1) the IoT node and (2) the infrastructure node. IoT nodes of OMQ are mainly sensor devices execute user queries the aggregate, transform and filter operators, whereas the infrastructure node handles the join operator of user queries. Since the query processing algorithms are implemented as the hybrid infrastructure-edge processing, user queries can be executed efficiently in each IoT node rather than only in the infrastructure node. Thus, our OMQ system reduces the query processing time and the network bandwidth. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of OMQ using a real and a synthetic data set. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of OMQ system for executing queries and transferring data from each IoT node.
RF Energy Harvesting and Information Transmission Based on NOMA for Wireless Powered IoT Relay Systems
Authors: Rauniyar Ashish , Engelstad Paal , Østerbø Olav N.
Published: September 2018

Amidst the rapid development of the fifth generation (5G) networks, Internet of Things (IoT) is considered as one of the most important part of 5G next generation networks as it can support massive object communications. These massive object communications in the context of IoT is expected to consume a huge power. Furthermore, IoT sensors or devices are rather power constrained and are mostly battery operated. Therefore, energy efficiency of such network of IoT devices is a major concern. On the other hand, energy harvesting (EH) is an emerging paradigm that allows the wireless nodes to recharge themselves through radio frequency (RF) signals directed to them from the source node and then relaying or transmitting the information. Although a myriad of works have been carried out in the literature for EH, the vast majority of those works only consider RF EH at the relay node and successfully transmitting the source node data. Those approaches do not consider the data transmission of the relay node that may be an energy deprived IoT node which needs to transmit its own data along with the source node data to their respective destination nodes. Therefore, in this paper, we envisioned a RF EH and information transmission system based on time switching (TS) relaying, power splitting (PS) relaying and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) which is suitable for wireless powered IoT relay systems. A source node information data is relayed through power constrained IoT relay node I o T R that first harvests the energy from source node RF signal using either TS and PS relaying protocol and then transmits the source node information along with its information using NOMA protocol to the respective destination nodes. Considering NOMA as a transmission protocol, we have mathematically derived analytical expressions for TS and PS relaying protocol for our proposed system. We have also formulated an algorithm to find out optimal TS and PS factor that maximizes the sum-throughput for our proposed system. Our proposed system analytical results for TS and PS protocol are validated by the simulation results.
Physical Principles of a Piezo Accelerometer Sensitive to a Nearly Constant Signal
Authors: Gupalov Valery , Kukaev Alexander , Shevchenko Sergey , Shalymov Egor , Venediktov Vladimir
Published: September 2018

The paper considers the construction of a piezoelectric accelerometer capable of measuring constant linear acceleration. A number of designs are proposed that make it possible to achieve high sensitivity with small dimensions and a wide frequency band (from 10−5 Hz). The finite element model of the proposed design was investigated, and its output characteristic and scale factor (36 mV/g) were obtained.
Characterization of Distributed Microfabricated Strain Gauges on Stretchable Sensor Networks for Structural Applications
Authors: Chen Xiyuan , Topac Tanay , Smith Wyatt , Ladpli Purim , Liu Cheng , Chang Fu-Kuo
Published: September 2018

Smart structures mimic biological systems by using thousands of sensors serving as a nervous system analog. One approach to give structures this sensing ability is to develop a multifunctional sensor network. Previous work has demonstrated stretchable sensor networks consisting of temperature sensors and impact detectors for monitoring external environments and interacting with other objects. The objective of this work is to develop distributed, robust and reliable strain gauges for obtaining the strain distribution of a designated region on the target structure. Here, we report a stretchable network that has 27 rosette strain gauges, 6 resistive temperature devices and 8 piezoelectric transducers symmetrically distributed over an area of 150 × 150 mm to map and quantify multiple physical stimuli with a spatial resolution of 2.5 × 2.5 mm. We performed computational modeling of the network stretching process to improve measurement accuracy and conducted experimental characterizations of the microfabricated strain gauges to verify their gauge factor and temperature coefficient. Collectively, the results represent a robust and reliable sensing system that is able to generate a distributed strain profile of a common structure. The reported strain gauge network may find a wide range of applications in morphing wings, smart buildings, autonomous cars and intelligent robots.
A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Cohort Study Examining the Risk of Unintentional Fatal Drowning during Public Holidays in Australia
Authors: Barnsley Paul D. , Peden Amy E.
Published: September 2018

Australia’s celebration of its public holidays often involves aquatic recreation, frequently mixed with consumption of alcohol, both of which are risk factors for drowning. This study examines how the demographics and circumstances of public holiday drownings compare to the average day drownings. A total population survey (1 July 2002 to 30 June 2017) of unintentional fatal drownings in Australia were extracted from the Royal Life Saving National Fatal Drowning Database. Date of drowning and state/territory of residence were used to determine if the drowning occurred on a public holiday in the person’s place of residence. 4175 persons drowned during the study period. There was a statistically significant difference between the incidence of fatal drowning on public holidays and the other days, with fatal drowning 1.73 times more likely to occur on public holidays (CI: 1.57–1.89). The increased risk of drowning on public holidays should inform the timing and the content of drowning prevention campaigns and strategies.
Green Spirituality and Physical Culture. Extreme Sports and the Imagery of Wilderness
Authors: Camorrino Antonio
Published: September 2018

In an area of increasingly widespread practices, the strengthening of the self through physical activities is exponentially reinforced by the inflexible laws of wild nature, now seen as a supreme judge. The knowledge of one’s personal limits and their overcoming through the verdict of an implacable, inscrutable but fair nature, allows access to the powerful source of meaning of green spirituality. This phenomenon is closely linked to an unprecedented imagery of nature. In contemporary Western society there is a widespread trend to sacralise nature, but in the terms of a “disneyfied” object—to paraphrase David Lyon. The ritual of “symbolically challenging death”—to say it with David Le Breton—through extreme sports, forces wild nature to manifest its transcendent properties: Getting out of this trial unharmed means being able to recognise one’s higher qualities. Challenging death and coming out unscathed means giving back to the disoriented contemporary individual a right and “nomized” cosmos—in the words of Peter Berger—capable of recognising the “chosen ones”, that is to say the ones that deserve salvation. I conclude that the growing phenomenon of extreme sports in the wilderness represents the attempt of experiencing an amplification of the self in order to “enter into resonance” with nature, to become “one” with it. Nature strengthens the ultimate meanings of experience, integrating them into a sort of green eschatology.
Finland’s Dependence on Russian Energy—Mutually Beneficial Trade Relations or an Energy Security Threat?
Authors: Jääskeläinen Jaakko , Höysniemi Sakari , Syri Sanna , Tynkkynen Veli-Pekka
Published: September 2018

Studies on energy security in the context of relations between European Union (EU) and Russia tend to focus on cases, with an open conflict related to supply, such as “hard” energy weapons, or on only one fuel, often natural gas. However, there is a need to understand the long-term impacts that energy relations have politically, economically and physically, and their linkages between resilience, sustainability and security. We analyse the Finnish-Russian energy relations as a case study, as they are characterised by a non-conflictual relationship. To assess this complex relationship, we apply the interdependence framework to analyse both the energy systems and energy strategies of Finland and Russia, and the energy security issues related to the notable import dependence on one supplier. Moreover, we analyse the plausible development of the energy trade between the countries in three different energy policy scenarios until 2040. The findings of the article shed light on how the trends in energy markets, climate change mitigation and broader societal and political trends could influence Russia’s energy trade relations with countries, such as Finland. Our analysis shows that Finland’s dependence on primary energy imports does not pose an acute energy security threat in terms of sheer supply, and the dependence is unlikely to worsen in the future. However, due to the difficulty in anticipating societal, political, and economic trends, there are possible developments that could affect Finland.
The Relationship between Team Hometown Diversity and Team Creativity: From the Chinese Perspective
Authors: Li Jingli , Zhao Min , Xia Guanjun , Liu Chao
Published: September 2018

Since no specialized work has researched the relationship between team members’ hometown diversity (team hometown diversity) and team creativity, we investigated their underlying relationship by conducting a two-wave survey from 304 employees in 54 teams and 54 team leaders from 17 companies. The results proved that team hometown diversity was negatively related to both team information exchange and team creativity, while team information exchange was significantly positively associated with team creativity and the mediation effect of team information exchange between team hometown diversity and team creativity was verified. The moderation role of team identification in the relationship between team hometown diversity and team information exchange as well as the moderation function of team conformity on the relationship between team information exchange and team creativity were both verified. This work made at least four contributions. Firstly, it was among the first to research the impact of team hometown diversity on team creativity, which supplemented the gap and provided a new perspective for exploration of team creativity in future. Secondly, we adopted a two-wave design to check the dynamic impact of earlier team information exchange and team conformity on team creativity afterwards, which can be replicated for future studies. Thirdly, by using supervisor and subordinate ratings together and conducting electronic and paper surveys together, the results were more persuasive. Finally, we included a large dataset from a broad range of companies, which maximized the variables and generated our results. The implications and limitations were also illustrated.
Improving Spatial Soil Moisture Representation through the Integration of SMAP and PROBA-V Products
Authors: Fan Shu-Di , Hu Yue-Ming , Wang Lu , Liu Zhen-Hua , Shi Zhou , Wu Wen-Bin , Pan Yu-Chun , Wang Guang-Xing , Zhu A-Xing , Li Bo
Published: September 2018

To increase the spatial resolution of Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), this study modifies the downscaling factor model based on the Temperature Vegetation Drought Index (TVDI) using data from the Project for On-Board Autonomy (PROBA-V). In the modified model, TVDI parameters were derived from the temperature-vegetation space and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). This study was conducted in the north China region using SMAP, PROBA-V, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite images. The 9-km spatial resolution SMAP data was downscaled to 0.3-km spatial resolution soil moisture using a modified downscaling method. Downscaling accuracies from the original and modified downscaling factor models were compared based on field observations. The results show that both methods generated similar spatial distributions in which soil moisture estimates increased as vegetation coverage increased from built-up areas to forest. However, based on the root mean square error between observations and estimations, the modified model demonstrated an increased estimation accuracy of 4.2% for soil moisture compared to the original method. This study also implies that downscaled soil moisture shows promise as a data source for subsequent watershed scale studies.
Potential for Methane Generation by Lignocellulosic Household Waste
Authors: Peña Contreras Karla , Sánchez Yáñez Juan Manuel , Aguilar-Virgen Quetzalli , Taboada-González Paul , Marquez-Benavides Liliana
Published: September 2018

The contribution of domestic lignocellulosic waste and its potential for biodegradation by components, for each category of paper and cardboard, have scarcely been reported. To achieve integral proposals, for managing this type of waste, is essential to know each individual contribution to the “paper and cardboard” category. The objective of this study was to characterize the paper and cardboard waste from the domestic solid waste stream, in the city of Morelia, Mexico, and estimate its methane generation potential (CH4). The generation of lignocellulosic waste was studied in a housing complex of social interest. The domestic lignocellulosic residues (DLW) that were chemically characterized were derived from paper and cardboard. The average daily generation was 0.5 kg/inhabitant. The highest content of lignin was found in newspaper (24.5%), and toilet paper was the material with the lowest lignin content (1%). The bond paper had a DLW of higher YCH4, when degraded anaerobically, in a semi-solid phase and a mesophilic regime. The variety of paper and cardboard, such as DLW, presented differences in their generation (kg/person), chemical composition (lignin content), and their potential for anaerobic biodegradability.
Analysis of the Dynamic Urban Expansion Based on Multi-Sourced Data from 1998 to 2013: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province
Authors: Shi Ge , Jiang Nan , Li Yang , He Bin
Published: September 2018

Recently, with the fast speed of urban expansion, research concerning the regulation of urban built-up area expansion is a significant topic, especially in Eastern China with its high urbanization level. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime light data has a high association with the urban-rural distribution, which provides a new method to study urban expansion effectively and with relatively high accuracy. Between 1998 and 2013, China experienced a rapid economic development period, making it crucial to learn the patterns and driving forces to better manage urban master planning and sustainable development. The urban built-up area for the research years are mapped, and the annual urban expansion speed, urbanization intensity index, and built-up area gravity center are analyzed in this paper. The results will show that the amount of the urban built-up area grows continuously from 1998 to 2008, with the development focus in southern Jiangsu, while from 2008 to 2013, the development center moves to northern Jiangsu. The main driving forces behind this urban built-up area expansion are population growth and economic development.
Positive Secular Trend in Slovak Population Urges on Updates of Functional Dimensions of Furniture
Authors: Hitka Miloš , Sedmák Róbert , Joščák Pavel , Ližbetinová Lenka
Published: September 2018

The presented study is focused on the evaluation of the changes in weight and height of the adult population in Slovakia to provide updated information on the secular growth trend. The main objective was to identify and quantify the pace of gradual changes in the dimensions of the Slovak adult population, which is key ergonomic information for multiple disciplines. The measurements of weights, heights and body mass indices of the current adult population of Slovakia ranging from 26 to 94 years of age that were obtained in period 1993–2017 were compared with a sample of students studying at four Slovak universities during the same years (aged 18 to 25). The increase of mean heights was app. 0.104–0.203 cm per one year (or app. 1–2 cm per decade) for males and app. 0.031–0.178 cm per one year (or app. 0.3–1.8 cm per decade) for females was statistically confirmed at different age classes covering the age structure of the whole adult population. The positive secular height trends were manifested in weight and BMI increases too. The changes in means and variation of distributions of selected variables also cause changes in quantile values. For example, the 95% quantiles of heights derived for the period 1993–2003 only cover 92–93% of the heights in the current population. This fact could have a major impact on proposals for optimal and safe arrangement of work, residential and non-residential space, including the furniture production.
Ritual + Sustainability Science? A Portal into the Science of Aloha
Authors: Kealiikanakaoleohaililani Kekuhi , Kurashima Natalie , Francisco Kainana , Giardina Christian , Louis Renee , McMillen Heather , Asing C. , Asing Kayla , Block Tabetha , Browning Mililani , Camara Kualii , Camara Lahela , Dudley Melanie , Frazier Monika , Gomes Noah , Gordon Amy , Gordon Marc , Heu Linnea , Irvine Aliah , Kaawa Nohea , Kirkpatrick Sean , Leucht Emily , Perry Cheyenne , Replogle John , Salbosa Lasha-Lynn , Sato Aimee , Schubert Linda , Sterling Amelie , Uowolo Amanda , Uowolo Jermy , Walker Bridget , Whitehead A. , Yogi Darcy
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we propose that spiritual approaches rooted in the practice of Hawai‘i ritual provide a powerful portal to revealing, supporting, and enhancing our collective aloha (love, fondness, reciprocity, as with a family member) for and dedication to the places and processes that we steward. We provide a case study from Hawai‘i, where we, a group of conservation professionals known as Hālau ‘Ōhi’a, have begun to foster a collective resurgence of sacred commitment to the places and processes we steward through remembering and manifesting genealogical relationships to our landscapes through Indigenous Hawaiian ritual expression. We discuss how a ritual approach to our lands and seas makes us better stewards of our places, better members of our families and communities, and more fulfilled individuals. We assert that foundations of the spiritual and the sacred are required for effectively advancing the science of sustainability, the management of natural resources, and the conservation of nature.
The Synergy between Aquaculture and Hydroponics Technologies: The Case of Lettuce and Tilapia
Authors: Hochman Gal , Hochman Eithan , Naveh Nadav , Zilberman David
Published: September 2018

This study investigates the economic and environmental value of the use of technologies that convert pollution and waste in one production process to an input in another production process. The study focuses on an aquaponics case study to show that the negative externalities borne from intensive fish farming can be internalized without regulatory intervention through a combination of fish farming and hydroponics. The introduction of aquaponics diversified the farmers’ sources of income, yielded savings in the cost of water purification and the cost of fertilizer for the plants’ growth, and resulted in more fish and plant output compared to the unregulated scenario. While deriving these results, we also derive a separation rule for managing live aquatic inventory, which separates expenses (which are affected by the biology of fish) and income.
Analysis of the Possibilities of Using a Heat Pump for Greenhouse Heating in Polish Climatic Conditions—A Case Study
Authors: Nemś Artur , Nemś Magdalena , Świder Klaudia
Published: September 2018

This article presents an analysis of selecting a seasonal heating system for an existing greenhouse. The analyzed object is located in Poland near Wroclaw, where summer flowers are grown. Appropriate thermal conditions must be ensured continuously for four heating months. The primary source of heat in the examined flower greenhouse was a coal-fired furnace. The analysis presented in the article shows a method of thermal balancing the object, determining heat demands in the analyzed period using the experiment plan, and also selecting a new heating system in the form of a heat pump. The analysis of the operation of the heating system was performed for air and ground source heat pumps to determine the profitability of their application in Polish climatic conditions. An economic analysis was also included and the investment impact on pollution emissions was calculated.
Facial Feature Model for a Portrait Video Stylization
Authors: Liang Dongxue , Park Kyoungju , Krompiec Przemyslaw
Published: September 2018

With the advent of the deep learning method, portrait video stylization has become more popular. In this paper, we present a robust method for automatically stylizing portrait videos that contain small human faces. By extending the Mask Regions with Convolutional Neural Network features (R-CNN) with a CNN branch which detects the contour landmarks of the face, we divided the input frame into three regions: the region of facial features, the region of the inner face surrounded by 36 face contour landmarks, and the region of the outer face. Besides keeping the facial features region as it is, we used two different stroke models to render the other two regions. During the non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) of the animation video, we combined the deformable strokes and optical flow estimation between adjacent frames to follow the underlying motion coherently. The experimental results demonstrated that our method could not only effectively reserve the small and distinct facial features, but also follow the underlying motion coherently.
Statistical Inference for the Information Entropy of the Log-Logistic Distribution under Progressive Type-I Interval Censoring Schemes
Authors: Du Yuge , Guo Yu , Gui Wenhao
Published: September 2018

In recent years, information entropy has been studied and developed rapidly across disciplines as a measure of information value. In this article, the maximum likelihood estimation and EM algorithm are used to estimate the parameters of the log-logistic distribution for progressive type-I interval censored data, and the hypothesis testing algorithm of information entropy is proposed. Finally, Monte Carlo numerical simulations are conducted to justify the feasibility of the algorithm.
Utility Perception in System Dynamics Models
Authors: Langarudi Saeed P. , Bar-On Isa
Published: September 2018

The utility perceived by individuals is believed to be different from the utility experienced by that individual. System dynamicists implicitly categorize this phenomenon as a form of bounded rationality, and traditionally employ an exponential smoothing function to capture it. We challenge this generalization by testing it against an alternative formulation of utility perception that is suggested by modern theories of behavioral sciences. In particular, the traditional smoothing formulation is compared with the peak–end rule in a simple theoretical model as well as in a medium-size model of electronic health records implementation. Experimentation with the models reveals that the way in which utility perception is formulated is important, and is likely to affect behavior and policy implications of system dynamics models.
Control of Communicable Diseases in Human and in Animal Populations: 70th Anniversary of the Year of the Birth of Professor Rick Speare (2 August 1947–5 June 2016)
Authors: Heukelbach Jorg
Published: September 2018

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A Review of the SDG 6 Synthesis Report 2018 from an Education, Training, and Research Perspective
Authors: Ortigara Angela , Kay Melvyn , Uhlenbrook Stefan
Published: September 2018

In 2015, UN Member States adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6): “Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all”. Commonly known as the ‘water goal’, SDG 6 went well beyond the limited focus on water supply and sanitation in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and recognized the importance of all aspects of the water cycle in development and that water was embedded directly and indirectly in all 17 SDGs. In 2018, the UN published a report: “Sustainable Development Goal 6 Synthesis Report on Water and Sanitation 2018” (referred to in this paper as ‘the report’) that reviewed progress with SDG 6 at global and regional levels. Overall, the report concluded there was progress, but it was too slow, and the world was not on track to achieve SDG 6 by 2030 without a significant change of gear. The report was written primarily for those working in sustainable development to guide finance and resource allocation, but there was much embedded in the report that was of value to those engaged in research and in developing the much-needed capacity to plan and manage water resources, particularly in developing countries. This paper attempts to distill these issues and to ask how those involved in education, training, and research could contribute to enabling and accelerating progress towards achieving SDG 6. Three key areas of engagement were identified: the urgent need for more data and improved monitoring to assess SDG 6 progress and to enhance decision-making, the need to address the serious lack of human and institutional capacity that was constraining progress, and the challenge of taking research into policy and practice. Note: This paper is a review of selected aspects of the report (in which production the authors were chiefly involved as coordinators and editors), and as such most of the facts, figures, and discussion in this review are taken from the report. For this reason, we have not continually attributed them to the report to avoid repetition. However, in some cases, we have attributed report material to the primary sources where we considered it important to do so. We have also attributed material we have included, and which is not cited in the report. A review inevitably depends, to some extent, on the views of the reviewers and as such we have tried to make it clear where we are expressing our personal views rather than those expressed in the report. The report contains full references to all the primary sources.
Quinolines from the cyclocondensation of isatoic anhydride with ethyl acetoacetate: preparation of ethyl 4-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline-3-carboxylate and derivatives
Authors: Jentsch Nicholas G , Hume Jared D , Crull Emily B , Beauti Samer M , Pham Amy H , Pigza Julie A , Kessl Jacques J , Donahue Matthew G
Published: September 2018

A convenient two-step synthesis of ethyl 4-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline-3-carboxylate derivatives has been developed starting from commercially available 2-aminobenzoic acids. In step 1, the anthranilic acids are smoothly converted to isatoic anhydrides using solid triphosgene in THF. In step 2, the anhydride electrophiles are reacted with the sodium enolate of ethyl acetoacetate, generated from sodium hydroxide, in warm N,N-dimethylacetamide resulting in the formation of substituted quinolines. A degradation–build-up strategy of the ethyl ester at the 3-position allowed for the construction of the α-hydroxyacetic acid residue required for the synthesis of key arylquinolines involved in an HIV integrase project.
USING VARIANCE NEIGHBOURHOOD SEARCH TO OPTIMIZE THE BUS WAITING ALLOCATION PROBLEM IN A MULTI-FLOOR BUS STATION
Authors: Kuo Yiyo , Hua Cheng Yan
Published: September 2018

This research deals with a multi-floor bus station, which provides services for a large number of passengers. The bus station has a limited platform capacity and there is no temporary parking lot for buses. When a large number of buses move into one floor of the station, buses cannot move smoothly and may not even be able to move at all. When a floor is full, buses waiting outside cannot enter, and buses inside cannot move out. It is fortunate that the station is designed as a multi-floor structure. When a bus is scheduled to move onto a floor, which has no more space for parking, it can move to another floor temporarily to wait. This research proposes the use of integer-programming to optimize the assignment of temporary waiting floor for all incoming buses in order to minimize the maximum delay. A Variance Neighbourhood Search (VNS) is proposed to solve the problem. The results show that when temporary waiting on another floor is permitted, the total time delay can be reduced by up to 47.41%.
THE STUDY ON LOADS ON AN AIRCRAFT PISTON ENGINE CONTINENTAL MOTORS IOF-240-B5B IN TRAINING FLIGHTS
Authors: Grabowski Łukasz , Czyż Zbigniew , Porzak Marcin
Published: September 2018

This investigation presents the development of a model of a flight envelope for a piston engine aircraft. The study covers performing necessary tests and measurements of the selected operating parameters of the engine piston and an analysis of the results. The paper describes also a mission and aircraft manoeuvres. This investigation enables us to study loads on an aircraft piston engine, i.e. Continental Motors IOF-240-B5B, mounted in the Liberty XL2 by Liberty Aerospace.
On the Missing Energy Puzzle of Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Lu Wenbin , Kumar Pawan
Published: September 2018

For the majority of tidal disruption event (TDE) candidates, the observed energy in the optical/near-UV bands is of order 1051 erg. We show that this observed energy is smaller than the minimum bolometric energy for the radiative inefficient accretion flow model by a factor of 10–100. We argue that this discrepancy is because the majority of the energy released is in the extreme-UV (EUV) band and/or in the form of relativistic jets beamed away from the Earth. The EUV scenario is supported by existing mid-infrared data and should be further tested by future dust reverberation observations. The jet scenario is disfavored by radio observations of ASASSN-14li but may still be viable for other TDE candidates. We also provide evidence that, at least for some TDEs, most of the missing energy (in the EUV and/or in the form of jets) is released within a few times the orbital period of the most tightly bound material P
min, which means (1) the circularization of the fallback stream may occur rapidly and (2) the luminosity of the accretion flow or the jet power may not be capped near the Eddington level when the fallback rate is super-Eddington. For most other TDEs, this energy-release timescale is currently not strongly constrained.
Blazar Flares as an Origin of High-energy Cosmic Neutrinos?
Authors: Murase Kohta , Oikonomou Foteini , Petropoulou Maria
Published: September 2018

We consider implications of high-energy neutrino emission from blazar flares, including the recent event IceCube-170922A and the 2014–2015 neutrino flare that could originate from TXS 0506+056. First, we discuss their contribution to the diffuse neutrino intensity taking into account various observational constraints. Blazars are likely to be subdominant in the diffuse neutrino intensity at sub-PeV energies, and we show that blazar flares like those of TXS 0506+056 could make ≲1%–10% of the total neutrino intensity. We also argue that the neutrino output of blazars can be dominated by the flares in the standard leptonic scenario for their γ-ray emission, and energetic flares may still be detected with a rate of

. Second, we consider multi-messenger constraints on the source modeling. We show that luminous neutrino flares should be accompanied by luminous broadband cascade emission, emerging also in X-rays and γ-rays. This implies that not only γ-ray telescopes like Fermi but also X-ray sky monitors such as Swift and MAXI are critical to test the canonical picture based on the single-zone modeling. We also suggest a two-zone model that can naturally satisfy the X-ray constraints while explaining the flaring neutrinos via either photomeson or hadronuclear processes.
New Neutron-capture Site in Massive Pop III and Pop II Stars as a Source for Heavy Elements in the Early Galaxy
Authors: Banerjee Projjwal , Qian Yong-Zhong , Heger Alexander
Published: September 2018

We propose a new neutron-capture site in early metal-poor and metal-free stars of ∼20–30 M
⊙ that results from proton ingestion in the He shell during late stages of the stars’ lives. Most of the neutron capture occurs in the first ≲106 s following proton ingestion when 13C(α, n)16O produces neutron densities typical of the intermediate neutron-capture process. This phase may be followed by another lasting ≳107 s with 17O(α, n)20Ne producing much lower neutron densities typical of the slow neutron-capture process. We explore the dependence of the proposed neutron-capture nucleosynthesis on the amount and time of proton ingestion, the initial metallicity, and the ensuing supernova shock. We obtain a range of heavy-element abundance patterns, including those attributed to the slow neutron-capture process or a combination of the slow and rapid neutron-capture processes. Our results can account for the observed ubiquity of heavy elements such as Sr and Ba in the early Galaxy and explain puzzling abundance patterns of these elements in at least some very metal-poor (VMP) stars, including those of the carbon-enhanced varieties. In the latter case, the explanation by the single site proposed here differs from the existing paradigm that attributes various classes of VMP stars to enrichment by multiple different sites.
El japonismo en Lluís Domènech i Montaner y su colección de libros ilustrados japoneses
Authors: Bru Turull Ricard
Published: September 2018

Este artículo presenta la relación de Lluís Domènech i Montaner con el arte japonés a través del fenómeno del japonismo difundido en Cataluña a finales del siglo XIX poniendo especial énfasis en los vínculos entre su obra, su biblioteca y su colección particular de libros ilustrados japoneses.
Cantos amebeos: de Garcilaso a Góngora
Authors: Gómez Jesús
Published: September 2018

Este artículo analiza las principales líneas en la evolución del canto amebeo en la poesía pastoril española de los siglos XVI y XVII, después de su aclimatación en la égloga tercera de Garcilaso de la Vega hasta su trayectoria posterior, casi siempre asociada a la figura del pastor-poeta. Como procedimiento formal derivado de la égloga, el canto amebeo no adquiere independencia completa, pero posee sus propias convenciones literarias con respecto a otras variedades de la poesía dialogada.
Las violentas entrañas de la justicia y del derecho en Raquel, de Vicente García de la Huerta, y «Crítica de la violencia», de Walter Benjamin
Authors: Pereiro Otero José Manuel
Published: September 2018

Incluso tras considerar las destacadas contribuciones de Georges Sorel, Simone Weil y Hannah Arendt, el ensayo de Walter Benjamin, «Crítica de la violencia», es sin duda alguna el texto teórico más significativo e influyente sobre la violencia escrito en el siglo XX. Aquí, Benjamin propone la relación entre ley, justicia y violencia para establecer una crítica, en un sentido etimológico, de varias polaridades: una violencia que funda el derecho en contraste a una que lo mantiene, así como una de origen divino opuesta a una de origen mítico. Como la violencia es una parte intrínseca de la emoción trágica, es posible leer Raquel, de Vicente García de la Huerta (1734-1787), a través del ensayo de Benjamin (y viceversa). El diálogo entre ambos textos revela paralelismos fascinantes y supera las aparentes distancias históricas y pragmáticas que los separa. Al mismo tiempo, también expone hasta qué punto la tragedia de García de la Huerta conceptualiza el derecho, la justicia y la violencia como una tríada de conceptos interrelacionados.