bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pollen morphology reveals genetic diversity between some superior sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) genotypes; an opportunity for expanding breeding possibilities
Authors: Momeni Hossein , Bouzari Naser , Zeinalabedini Mehrshad , Ghanbari Jahromi Marzieh
Published: September 2024

Preservation of the genetic diversity of sour cherry in Iran is imperative for the development of improved cultivars tailored to specific ecological conditions. Addressing gaps in research concerning ecological adaptation, resource management and international collaboration related to sour cherry genetic resources in Iran is essential. Bridging these research lacunae can facilitate the implementation of sustainable cultivation practices, optimize production systems and enhance the global utilization of sour cherry genetic diversity. A comprehensive analysis of the morphology and ultrastructure of pollen grains from ten native sour cherry genotypes in Iran was conducted over a two-year period using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The examination revealed that all pollen grains were unipolar, radially symmetrical and tricolpate. The length and width of pollen grains varied among genotypes, with lengths ranging from 42.17 to 57.57 μm and widths from 20.28 to 28.13 μm. Furthermore, all genotypes exhibited prolate pollen grains, with differing colpus lengths. Examination of pollen exine revealed striate shapes with varying numbers of ridges, ranging from 18.5 to 8.5 furrows per 50 m2. The horizontal area of pollen grains varied from 333.28 to 1491.69 μm. Polar perspective analysis showed considerable variation in the distance between mesocolpium endpoints. Sour cherry displays significant genetic diversity in Iran, and the application of SEM has proven instrumental in characterizing this diversity. This understanding will aid in further breeding research aimed at enhancing sour cherry varieties and their adaptation to specific ecological conditions.
Metals, Volatiles, and Lithostratigraphy of Brothers Submarine Volcano
Authors: Georgatou Ariadni A. , de Ronde Cornel E. J. , Kouzmanov Kalin , Charlier Bruce L. A. , Adams David
Published: September 2024

Relatively fresh volcanic rocks have been sampled by a remotely operated vehicle in situ from the NE caldera wall of Brothers submarine volcano, associated with Seafloor Massive Sulfide‐SMS deposits. Here, we present the first complete stratigraphic column of the NE caldera wall, comprising at least 12 massive dacitic lava flows, up to 80 m‐thick intercalated with multiple volcaniclastic layers associated with tuffaceous sediment layers. Detailed petrographic and geochemical analyses from hand specimen to crystal to silicate melt scale show chemical variability with depth, correlating partly with an increase in pervasive alteration due to volatile degassing. Moreover, while sulfide saturation occurred prior to volatile exsolution—which sequestrated most chalcophile elements as confirmed by the low metal contents of melt inclusions (e.g., Cu ≤ 1.3 μg/g and Au ≤ 7.0 μg/g)—silicate glass records a Cu enrichment and Au loss with differentiation, with interstitial glass accounting for Cu = 4.2 μg/g and Au = 6.6 μg/g and matrix glass for Cu = 6.0 μg/g and Au = 2.8 μg/g, respectively. Our findings suggest multiple sources for metals compensating for the low initial metal contents: (a) from hydrothermal fluids and volatile percolation ensuing interaction with the host rock and thus also replacement and/or dissolution of pre‐existing magmatic sulfides, (b) directly from the magma, consistent with metal release during magma degassing of metal‐ and Cl‐, and S‐ rich volatiles, and (c) from fluid circulation within unusually metal‐rich andesitic volcaniclastic layers (Cu = 40 μg/g, Au = 1.5 ng/g, and Pt = 0.99 ng/g). Our results elucidate the capacity of such hybrid mineralizing submarine volcanic systems to effectively scavenge, transport, and concentrate metals.
Contrasting Chlorine Chemistry on Volcanic and Wildfire Aerosols in the Southern Mid‐Latitude Lower Stratosphere
Authors: Wang Peidong , Solomon Susan
Published: September 2024

Volcanic eruptions and wildfires can impact stratospheric chemistry. We apply tracer‐tracer correlations to satellite data from Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment—Fourier Transform Spectrometer and the Halogen Occultation Experiment at 68 hPa to consistently compare the chemical impact on HCl after multiple wildfires and volcanic eruptions of different magnitudes. The 2020 Australian New Year (ANY) fire displayed an order of magnitude less stratospheric aerosol extinction than the 1991 Pinatubo eruption, but showed similar large changes in mid‐latitude lower stratosphere HCl. While the mid‐latitude aerosol loadings from the 2015 Calbuco and 2022 Hunga volcanic eruptions were similar to the ANY fire, little impact on HCl occurred. The 2009 Australian Black Saturday fire and 2021 smoke remaining from 2020 yield small HCl changes, at the edge of the detection method. These observed contrasts across events highlight greater reactivity for smoke versus volcanic aerosols at warm temperatures.
Rift Zone Architecture and Inflation‐Driven Seismicity of Mauna Loa Volcano
Authors: Wilding John D. , Ross Zachary E.
Published: September 2024

The 2022 eruption at Mauna Loa, Hawai'i, marked the first extrusive activity from the volcano after 38 years of quiescence. The eruption was preceded by several years of seismic unrest in the vicinity of the volcano's summit. Characterizing the structure and dynamics of seismogenic features within Mauna Loa during this pre‐eruptive interval may provide insights into how pre‐ and co‐eruptive processes manifest seismically at the volcano. In particular, the extent to which seismicity may be used to forecast the location and timing of future eruptions is unclear. To address these questions, we construct a catalog of relocated seismicity on Mauna Loa spanning 2011–2023. Our earthquake locations image complex, sub‐kilometer‐scale seismogenic structures in the caldera and southwest rift zone. We additionally identify a set of streaks of seismicity in the volcano's northwest flank that are radially oriented about the summit. Using a rate‐and‐state friction model for earthquake occurrences, we demonstrate that the seismicity rate in this region can be modeled as a function of the stressing history caused by magma accumulation beneath the summit. Finally, we observe a mid‐2019 step change in the seismicity rate in the Ka'oiki region that may have altered the stress state of the northeast rift zone in the three years before the eruption. Our observations provide a framework for interpreting future seismic unrest at Mauna Loa.
The non-canonical BAF chromatin remodeling complex is a novel target of spliceosome dysregulation in SF3B1-mutated chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Hägerstrand Daniel , Oder Blaž , Cortese Diego , Qu Ying , Binzer-Panchal Amrei , Österholm Cecilia , Del Peso Santos Teresa , Rabbani Leily , Asl Hassan Foroughi , Skaftason Aron , Ljungström Viktor , Lundholm August , Koutroumani Maria , Haider Zahra , Jylhä Cecilia , Mollstedt John , Mansouri Larry , Plevova Karla , Agathangelidis Andreas , Scarfò Lydia , Armand Marine , Muggen Alice F. , Kay Neil E. , Shanafelt Tait , Rossi Davide , Orre Lukas M. , Pospisilova Sarka , Barylyuk Konstantin , Davi Frederic , Vesterlund Mattias , Langerak Anton W. , Lehtiö Janne , Ghia Paolo , Stamatopoulos Kostas , Sutton Lesley-Ann , Rosenquist Richard
Published: September 2024

SF3B1 mutations are recurrent in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), particularly enriched in clinically aggressive stereotyped subset #2. To investigate their impact, we conducted RNA-sequencing of 18 SF3B1MUT and 17 SF3B1WT subset #2 cases and identified 80 significant alternative splicing events (ASEs). Notable ASEs concerned exon inclusion in the non-canonical BAF (ncBAF) chromatin remodeling complex subunit, BRD9, and splice variants in eight additional ncBAF complex interactors. Long-read RNA-sequencing confirmed the presence of splice variants, and extended analysis of 139 CLL cases corroborated their association with SF3B1 mutations. Overexpression of SF3B1K700E induced exon inclusion in BRD9, resulting in a novel splice isoform with an alternative C-terminus. Protein interactome analysis of the BRD9 splice isoform revealed augmented ncBAF complex interaction, while exhibiting decreased binding of auxiliary proteins, including SPEN, BRCA2, and CHD9. Additionally, integrative multi-omics analysis identified a ncBAF complex-bound gene quartet on chromosome 1 with higher expression levels and more accessible chromatin in SF3B1MUT CLL. Finally, Cancer Dependency Map analysis and BRD9 inhibition displayed BRD9 dependency and sensitivity in cell lines and primary CLL cells. In conclusion, spliceosome dysregulation caused by SF3B1 mutations leads to multiple ASEs and an altered ncBAF complex interactome, highlighting a novel pathobiological mechanism in SF3B1MUT CLL.
Deep learning as a highly efficient tool for digital signal processing design
Authors: Pryamikov Andrey
Published: September 2024

The backpropagation algorithm, the most widely used algorithm for training artificial neural networks, can be effectively applied to the development of digital signal processing schemes in the optical fiber transmission systems. Digital signal processing as a deep learning framework can lead to a new highly efficient paradigm for cost-effective digital signal processing designes with low complexity.
Control of bacterial cell wall autolysins by peptidoglycan crosslinking mode
Authors: Alvarez Laura , Hernandez Sara B. , Torrens Gabriel , Weaver Anna I. , Dörr Tobias , Cava Felipe
Published: September 2024

To withstand their internal turgor pressure and external threats, most bacteria have a protective peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall. The growth of this PG polymer relies on autolysins, enzymes that create space within the structure. Despite extensive research, the regulatory mechanisms governing these PG-degrading enzymes remain poorly understood. Here, we unveil a novel and widespread control mechanism of lytic transglycosylases (LTs), a type of autolysin responsible for breaking down PG glycan chains. Specifically, we show that LD-crosslinks within the PG sacculus act as an inhibitor of LT activity. Moreover, we demonstrate that this regulation controls the release of immunogenic PG fragments and provides resistance against predatory LTs of both bacterial and viral origin. Our findings address a critical gap in understanding the physiological role of the LD-crosslinking mode in PG homeostasis, highlighting how bacteria can enhance their resilience against environmental threats, including phage attacks, through a single structural PG modification.
Key intermediates and Cu active sites for CO2 electroreduction to ethylene and ethanol
Authors: Zhan Chao , Dattila Federico , Rettenmaier Clara , Herzog Antonia , Herran Matias , Wagner Timon , Scholten Fabian , Bergmann Arno , López Núria , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz
Published: September 2024

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) to multi-carbon products is a promising technology to store intermittent renewable electricity into high-added-value chemicals and close the carbon cycle. Its industrial scalability requires electrocatalysts to be highly selective to certain products, such as ethylene or ethanol. However, a substantial knowledge gap prevents the design of tailor-made materials, as the properties ruling the catalyst selectivity remain elusive. Here we combined in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory on Cu electrocatalysts to unveil the reaction scheme for CO2RR to C2+ products. Ethylene generation occurs when *OC–CO(H) dimers form via CO coupling on undercoordinated Cu sites. The ethanol route opens up only in the presence of highly compressed and distorted Cu domains with deep s-band states via the crucial intermediate *OCHCH2. By identifying and tracking the critical intermediates and specific active sites, our work provides guidelines to selectively decouple ethylene and ethanol production on rationally designed catalysts.
Genetic links between ovarian ageing, cancer risk and de novo mutation rates
Authors: Stankovic Stasa , Shekari Saleh , Huang Qin Qin , Gardner Eugene J. , Ivarsdottir Erna V. , Owens Nick D. L. , Mavaddat Nasim , Azad Ajuna , Hawkes Gareth , Kentistou Katherine A. , Beaumont Robin N. , Day Felix R. , Zhao Yajie , Jonsson Hakon , Rafnar Thorunn , Tragante Vinicius , Sveinbjornsson Gardar , Oddsson Asmundur , Styrkarsdottir Unnur , Gudmundsson Julius , Stacey Simon N. , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. ,   Breast Cancer Association Consortium, Kennedy Kitale , Wood Andrew R. , Weedon Michael N. , Ong Ken K. , Wright Caroline F. , Hoffmann Eva R. , Sulem Patrick , Hurles Matthew E. , Ruth Katherine S. , Martin Hilary C. , Stefansson Kari , Perry John R. B. , Murray Anna
Published: September 2024

Human genetic studies of common variants have provided substantial insight into the biological mechanisms that govern ovarian ageing1. Here we report analyses of rare protein-coding variants in 106,973 women from the UK Biobank study, implicating genes with effects around five times larger than previously found for common variants (ETAA1, ZNF518A, PNPLA8, PALB2 and SAMHD1). The SAMHD1 association reinforces the link between ovarian ageing and cancer susceptibility1, with damaging germline variants being associated with extended reproductive lifespan and increased all-cause cancer risk in both men and women. Protein-truncating variants in ZNF518A are associated with shorter reproductive lifespan—that is, earlier age at menopause (by 5.61 years) and later age at menarche (by 0.56 years). Finally, using 8,089 sequenced trios from the 100,000 Genomes Project (100kGP), we observe that common genetic variants associated with earlier ovarian ageing associate with an increased rate of maternally derived de novo mutations. Although we were unable to replicate the finding in independent samples from the deCODE study, it is consistent with the expected role of DNA damage response genes in maintaining the genetic integrity of germ cells. This study provides evidence of genetic links between age of menopause and cancer risk.
Self-organized tissue mechanics underlie embryonic regulation
Authors: Caldarelli Paolo , Chamolly Alexander , Villedieu Aurélien , Alegria-Prévot Olinda , Phan Carole , Gros Jerome , Corson Francis
Published: September 2024

Early amniote development is highly self-organized, capable of adapting to interference through local and long-range cell–cell interactions. This process, called embryonic regulation1, has been well illustrated in experiments on avian embryos, in which subdividing the epiblast disk into different parts not only redirects cell fates to eventually form a complete and well-proportioned embryo at its original location, but also leads to the self-organization of additional, fully formed embryos2,3 in the other separated parts. The cellular interactions underlying embryonic self-organization are widely believed to be mediated by molecular signals, yet the identity of such signals is unclear. Here, by analysing intact and mechanically perturbed quail embryos, we show that the mechanical forces that drive embryogenesis self-organize, with contractility locally self-activating and the ensuing tension acting as a long-range inhibitor. This mechanical feedback governs the persistent pattern of tissue flows that shape the embryo4–6 and also steers the concomitant emergence of embryonic territories by modulating gene expression, ensuring the formation of a single embryo under normal conditions, yet allowing the emergence of multiple, well-proportioned embryos after perturbations. Thus, mechanical forces act at the core of embryonic self-organization, shaping both tissues and gene expression to robustly yet plastically canalize early development.
Disease prediction with multi-omics and biomarkers empowers case–control genetic discoveries in the UK Biobank
Authors: Garg Manik , Karpinski Marcin , Matelska Dorota , Middleton Lawrence , Burren Oliver S. , Hu Fengyuan , Wheeler Eleanor , Smith Katherine R. , Fabre Margarete A. , Mitchell Jonathan , O’Neill Amanda , Ashley Euan A. , Harper Andrew R. , Wang Quanli , Dhindsa Ryan S. , Petrovski Slavé , Vitsios Dimitrios
Published: September 2024

The emergence of biobank-level datasets offers new opportunities to discover novel biomarkers and develop predictive algorithms for human disease. Here, we present an ensemble machine-learning framework (machine learning with phenotype associations, MILTON) utilizing a range of biomarkers to predict 3,213 diseases in the UK Biobank. Leveraging the UK Biobank’s longitudinal health record data, MILTON predicts incident disease cases undiagnosed at time of recruitment, largely outperforming available polygenic risk scores. We further demonstrate the utility of MILTON in augmenting genetic association analyses in a phenome-wide association study of 484,230 genome-sequenced samples, along with 46,327 samples with matched plasma proteomics data. This resulted in improved signals for 88 known (P < 1 × 10−8) gene–disease relationships alongside 182 gene–disease relationships that did not achieve genome-wide significance in the nonaugmented baseline cohorts. We validated these discoveries in the FinnGen biobank alongside two orthogonal machine-learning methods built for gene–disease prioritization. All extracted gene–disease associations and incident disease predictive biomarkers are publicly available (http://milton.public.cgr.astrazeneca.com).
Deep learning revealed statistics of the MgO particles dissolution rate in a CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO slag
Authors: Chamasemani Fereshteh Falah , Lenzhofer Florian , Brunner Roland
Published: September 2024

Accelerated material development for refractory ceramics triggers possibilities in context to enhanced energy efficiency for industrial processes. Here, the gathering of comprehensive material data is essential. High temperature-confocal laser scanning microscopy (HT-CLSM) displays a highly suitable in-situ method to study the underlying dissolution kinetics in the slag over time. A major drawback concerns the efficient and accurate processing of the collected image data. Here, we introduce an attention encoder–decoder convolutional neural network enabling the fully automated evaluation of the particle dissolution rate with a precision of 99.1%. The presented approach provides accurate and efficient analysis capabilities with high statistical gain and is highly resilient to image quality changes. The prediction model allows an automated diameter evaluation of the MgO particles' dissolution in the silicate slag for different temperature settings and various HT-CLSM data sets. Moreover, it is not limited to HT-CLSM image data and can be applied to various domains.
Phyto-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Bauhinia variegata buds extract and evaluation of their multi-faceted biological potentials
Authors: Arafat Sehrish , Iqbal Javed , Abbasi Banzeer Ahsan , Ijaz Shumaila , Yaseen Tabassum , Murtaza Ghulam , Ullah Rafi , Zarshan Farishta , Ullah Zakir , Sahito Zulfiqar Ali , Almutairi Saeedah Musaed , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Aghayeva Saltanat , Rizwan Muhammad , Iqbal Rashid
Published: September 2024

Zinc oxide nanoparticles have wide range biological, biomedical and environmental applications. However, traditional nanofabrication of ZnONPs uses various toxic chemicals and organic solvents which limit their bio-applications. To overcome this hurdle, Bauhinia variegata derived buds extract was utilized to fabricate ZnONPs. The greenly generated ZnONPs were successfully prepared and extensively characterized using different analytical tools and the average crystalline size was calculated as 25.47 nm. Further, bioengineered ZnONPs were explored for multiple biological activities that revealed excellent therapeutic potentials. The antibacterial potential was determined using different bacterial strains. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC: 137.5 µg/mL) was reported to be the most resistant variant while Bacillus subtilis (MIC: 34.38 µg/mL) was observed to be most susceptible bacterial strain. DPPH radical scavenging potential was measured to determine the antioxidant capacity of ZnONPs and the highest scavenging potential was observed as 82% at highest of 300 µg/mL. The fungicidal effect of green ZnONPs in comparison with Amphotericin B was assessed against five selected pathogenic fungal strains. The results revealed, Fusarium solani (MIC: 46.875 µg/mL) was least resistant and Aspergillus flavus (MIC: 187.5 µg/mL) was most resistant in fungicidal examination. Cytotoxicity potential of B.V@ZnONPs was analyzed against newly hatched nauplii of brine shrimps. The results for greenly produced ZnONPs was recorded as 39.78 µg/mL while 3.006 µg/mL was reported for positive control vincristine sulphate. The results confirmed the category of general cytotoxic for greenly synthesized nano sized B.V@ZnONPs.
TNFSF14+ natural killer cells prevent spontaneous abortion by restricting leucine-mediated decidual stromal cell senescence
Authors: Shi Jia-Wei , Lai Zhen-Zhen , Zhou Wen-Jie , Yang Hui-Li , Zhang Tao , Sun Jian-Song , Zhao Jian-Yuan , Li Ming-Qing
Published: September 2024

In preparation for a potential pregnancy, the endometrium of the uterus changes into a temporary structure called the decidua. Senescent decidual stromal cells (DSCs) are enriched in the decidua during decidualization, but the underlying mechanisms of this process remain unclear. Here, we performed single-cell RNA transcriptomics on ESCs and DSCs and found that cell senescence during decidualization is accompanied by increased levels of the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) transporter SLC3A2. Depletion of leucine, one of the branched-chain amino acids, from cultured media decreased senescence, while high leucine diet resulted in increased senescence and high rates of embryo loss in mice. BCAAs induced senescence in DSCs via the p38 MAPK pathway. In contrast, TNFSF14+ decidual natural killer (dNK) cells were found to inhibit DSC senescence by interacting with its ligand TNFRSF14. As in mice fed high-leucine diets, both mice with NK cell depletion and Tnfrsf14-deficient mice with excessive uterine senescence experienced adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further, we found excessive uterine senescence, SLC3A2-mediated BCAA intake, and insufficient TNFRSF14 expression in the decidua of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion. In summary, this study suggests that dNK cells maintain senescence homeostasis of DSCs via TNFSF14/TNFRSF14, providing a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent DSC senescence-associated spontaneous abortion.
Trained immunity of intestinal tuft cells during infancy enhances host defense against enteroviral infections in mice
Authors: Chen Deyan , Wu Jing , Zhang Fang , Lyu Ruining , You Qiao , Qian Yajie , Cai Yurong , Tian Xiaoyan , Tao Hongji , He Yating , Nawaz Waqas , Wu Zhiwei
Published: September 2024

Innate immune cells have been acknowledged as trainable in recent years. While intestinal tuft cells are recognized for their crucial roles in the host defense against intestinal pathogens, there remains uncertainty regarding their trainability. Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a prevalent enterovirus that primarily infects children but rarely infects adults. At present, there is a significant expansion of intestinal tuft cells in the EV71-infected mouse model, which is associated with EV71-induced interleukin-25 (IL-25) production. Further, we found that IL-25 pre-treatment at 2 weeks old mouse enabled tuft cells to acquire immune memory. This was evidenced by the rapid expansion and stronger response of IL-25-trained tuft cells in response to EV71 infection at 6 weeks old, surpassing the reactivity of naïve tuft cells in mice without IL-25-trained progress. Interestingly, IL-25-trained intestinal tuft cells exhibit anti-enteroviral effect via producing a higher level of IL-25. Mechanically, IL-25 treatment upregulates spermidine/spermine acetyl-transferase enzyme (SAT1) expression, mediates intracellular polyamine deficiency, further inhibits enterovirus replication. In summary, tuft cells can be trained by IL-25, which supports faster and higher level IL-25 production in response to EV71 infection and further exhibits anti-enteroviral effect via SAT1-mediated intracellular polyamine deficiency. Given that IL-25 can be induced by multiple gut microbes during human growth and development, including shifts in gut flora abundance, which may partially explain the different susceptibility to enteroviral infections between adults and children.
The use of mobile technology in abductive inquiry-based teaching and learning of chemical bonding
Authors: Dunn Justin , Ramnarain Umesh Dewnarain
Published: September 2024

Continuous enhancement of mobile devices such as smartphones offers new opportunities for using these technologies in inquiry-based learning environments. Inquiry-based learning has followed deductive and inductive forms of inquiry, while the abductive form of inquiry that targets the development of higher-order thinking skills such as critical thinking is less prevalent. This study investigated the use of mobile technology in abductive-inquiry based teaching and learning of chemical bonding for grade 11 physical sciences learners in two South African schools. The study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design that entailed first collecting quantitative data and then qualitative data to help explain or elaborate on the quantitative results. Two grade 11 physical sciences classes were randomly designated as the experimental and control groups in each of the two different schools. The experimental group in each school experienced activities in a laboratory using mobile technology-enhanced abductive scientific inquiry through the ‘Molecular Workbench’ web-based simulation using a mobile device, while the control group in each school experienced activities in abductive scientific inquiry in a science laboratory without using mobile learning technology. The principal findings indicated that learners within the control group displayed a significant increase in their performance to create a scientifically accurate hypothesis that is the essence of abductive inquiry, whereas for the experimental group there was no significant improvement in their hypothesis generation capacity. However, participants within the experimental group felt that their use of mobile devices created a sense of learner agency amongst themselves, developed their communication skills, made them feel responsible for their own learning, and also made learning scientific concepts more fun as opposed to what they are normally exposed to.
The C–I⋯O halogen bonding in crown ether chemistry
Authors: Wang Weizhou , Ji Baoming
Published: September 2024

The role of the C–I⋯O halogen bonding in crown ether chemistry has been analyzed and rationalized by using thirteen newly synthesized cocrystals as models.
NaZr2(PO4)3 – a cubic langbeinite-type sodium-ion solid conductor
Authors: Marshenya Sergey N. , Scherbakov Alexey G. , Dembitskiy Artem D. , Golubnichiy Alexander A. , Trussov Ivan A. , Savina Aleksandra A. , Kazakov Sergey M. , Aksyonov Dmitry A. , Antipov Evgeny V. , Fedotov Stanislav S.
Published: September 2024

The synthesis of a cubic langbeinite NaZr2(PO4)3via an ion exchange reaction supported by mechanochemical activation is described. The crystal structure and Na transport properties are studied. HT XRD reveals negative thermal expansion.
Highly selective catalytic oxidation of methane to methanol using Cu–Pd/anatase
Authors: Wang Liqun , Jin Jingting , Li Wenzhi , Li Cunshuo , Zhu Leyu , Zhou Zheng , Zhang Lulu , Zhang Xia , Yuan Liang
Published: September 2024

Cu–Pd/anatase is highly efficient in converting methane to methanol, exhibiting a relatively high methanol yield rate of ∼31 800 μmol gcat−1 h−1 and near-exclusive selectivity of liquid products (methanol).
Sample-to-answer centrifugal microfluidic droplet PCR platform for quantitation of viral load
Authors: Malic Lidija , Clime Liviu , Moon Byeong-Ui , Nassif Christina , Da Fonte Dillon , Brassard Daniel , Lukic Ljuboje , Geissler Matthias , Morton Keith , Charlebois Denis , Veres Teodor
Published: September 2024

Fully automated sample-to-answer ddPCR for virus quantification is implemented on a centrifugal platform with active pneumatic pumping comprising wireless heaters and miniaturized fluorescence imaging system.
Effect of build orientation and heat treatment on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion performance of super duplex stainless steels fabricated via laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Davidson Karl Peter , Liu Ruiliang , Zhu Chenyang , Cagiciri Mehmet , Tan Li Ping , Alagesan Alpravinosh , Singamneni Sarat
Published: September 2024

Build orientation in PBF-L manipulates microstructures, thus tuning the mechanical and corrosion properties of duplex stainless steel before and after heat treatment.
Low-resistivity Ohmic contacts of Ti/Al on few-layered 1T′-MoTe2/2H-MoTe2 heterojunctions grown by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Chi Ping-Feng , Wang Jing-Jie , Zhang Jing-Wen , Chuang Yung-Lan , Lee Ming-Lun , Sheu Jinn-Kong
Published: September 2024

This study explores the phase-controlled growth of few-layered 2H-MoTe2, 1T′-MoTe2, and 2H-/1T′-MoTe2 heterostructures and their impacts on metal contact properties.
Synergistic immunotherapy with a calcium-based nanoinducer: evoking pyroptosis and remodeling tumor-associated macrophages for enhanced antitumor immune response
Authors: Cheng Fang , He Lei , Wang Jiaqi , Lai Lunhui , Ma Li , Qu Kuiming , Yang Zicheng , Wang Xinyue , Zhao Ruyu , Weng Lixing , Wang Lianhui
Published: September 2024

A novel calcium-based nanoinducer that simultaneously induces pyroptosis and remodels tumor-associated-macrophages effectively overcomes the immunosuppression for enhancing systemic antitumor immunity.
Fluorescein-switching-based lateral flow assay for the detection of microRNAs
Authors: Ryu Ji Young , Choi Tae Su , Kim Ki Tae
Published: September 2024

A new type of lateral flow assay (LFA) based on a fluorescein-switching strategy was developed for the sensitive and sequence-selective visualization of microRNAs.
High performance NIR-I to NIR-II emission of a Cr3+-doped Cs2NaLuCl6 phosphor with an IQE and EQE of up to 92.9% and 60.75%
Authors: Zhu Fengmei , Gao Yuan , Qiu Jianbei
Published: September 2024

We developed a Cr3+-doped Cs2NaLuCl6 by a grinding–sintering method, which exhibited emission peaked at around 960 nm, with a FWHM of ∼182 nm, and the IQE and EQE of the optimized phosphor were as high as ∼92.9% and ∼60.75%, respectively.
Transition-metal-, oxidant- and additive-free multi-component synthesis of alkyl heteroaryl BCPs enabled by visible-light-induced phosphine-catalyzed halogen-atom transfer
Authors: Xu Jun , Hong Yu , Xu Ruiyuan , Wang Yuxin , Guo Yirui , Shen Jiabin , Zhao Yuxuan , Li Wanmei
Published: September 2024

This study describes a pioneering visible-light-induced phosphine-catalyzed halogen-atom transfer (XAT) strategy that heralds a new era in the difunctionalization of [1.1.1]propellane.
Mechanism of two styryl BODIPYs as fluorescent probes and protective agents in lipid bilayers against aqueous ClO−
Authors: Yang Lu , Jiang Yanglin , Sun Ailin , Chen Mingqing , Li Qiwei , Wang Peng , Zhang Jianping
Published: September 2024

Two styryl BODIPY derivatives, BOH and BOE, with different hydrophilic properties, were investigated for their reaction mechanisms in lipid bilayers against aqueous ClO−, by both experimental and theoretical methods.
Carbon nanomaterials as electrochemical sensors for theophylline: a review
Authors: Gabrielle Sutanto Laurencia , Sabilla Syarifa , Wardhana Brasstira Yuva , Ramadani Anggi , Sari Anis Puspita , Anjani Qonita Kurnia , Basirun Wan Jeffrey , Amrillah Tahta , Amalina Ilma , Jiwanti Prastika Krisma
Published: September 2024

Recent progress in the utilization of nanocarbon-based materials, such as graphene, nanodiamond, and CNTs, is discussed regarding their enhanced performance in electrochemical sensors for theophylline.
Therapeutic applications of RNA nanostructures
Authors: Yip Theresa , Qi Xiaodong , Yan Hao , Chang Yung
Published: September 2024

Non-immunogenic RNA nanostructures are functionalized for/with RNAi, mRNA, ribozymes, CRISPR, and small molecule drugs. Immunogenic RNA nanostructures are designed as immunostimulants and cancer vaccine platforms. Created in Biorender.com.
3-Sulfopropyl acrylate potassium-based polyelectrolyte hydrogels: sterilizable synthetic material for biomedical application
Authors: Romischke Johanna , Eickner Thomas , Grabow Niels , Kragl Udo , Oschatz Stefan
Published: September 2024

AESO3-PEGDA hydrogels are well suited for sterilization by common sterilization methods, enabling their use in biomedicine.
Effect of density on the smoldering of calcium alginate fibers
Authors: Wang Ziming , Liu Yide , Li Zewen , Cai Yujie , Quan Fengyu
Published: September 2024

The onset temperature of smoldering for calcium alginate fibers was determined across several densities.
Enzyme-catalyzed polyurethane adhesive degradation
Authors: Romano Angela , Rosato Antonella , Sisti Laura , Zanaroli Giulio , Asadauskas Svajus Joseph , Nemaniutė Paulina , Bražinskienė Dalia , Grigucevičienė Asta , Totaro Grazia
Published: September 2024

The enzymatic degradation of various solvent-based polyurethane adhesives by cutinase from Humicola insolens (HiC) is assessed.
Augmenting genetic algorithms with machine learning for inverse molecular design
Authors: Kneiding Hannes , Balcells David
Published: September 2024

Evolutionary and machine learning methods have been successfully combined and applied to the generation of molecules and materials exhibiting desired properties.
Synergistic dual-interface engineering with self-organizing Li-ion/electric fields for enhanced lithium metal anode stability
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Liao Kemeng , Yin Lihong , Li Zongrun , Li Yingzhi , Wang Hongzhi , Qin Ning , Gu Shuai , Chen Jingjing , Wan Weihua , Lu Zhouguang
Published: September 2024

A self-organizing, dual-modified interface for lithium metal anodes that significantly improves uniform lithium deposition and enhances electroplating/stripping performance.
Optimization of misfit calcium cobaltite oxygen electrodes for solid oxide fuel cells through electrospinning processing
Authors: Araújo Allan J. M. , Maor Itzhak I. , Holz Laura I. V. , Mann-Lahav Meirav , Beilin Vadim , Feldhoff Armin , Grader Gideon S. , Loureiro Francisco J. A.
Published: September 2024

The calcium cobaltite (CCO) electrode processed by electrospinning (ES) benefits from reduced grain size and increased grain-to-grain contact, decreasing the total polarization resistance, compared to that produced by Solid State Reaction (SSR).
High structural stability and Li-conduction of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode co-coated by Al2O3 and LiNbO3 for high performance lithium-ion battery
Authors: Thi Linh Chi Nguyen , Thuc Vu Dong , Mai Duc Dung , Nguyen Minh Chien , Le Mong Anh , Pham Duy Tho , Yu Woo Jong , Kim Dukjoon
Published: September 2024

We successfully fabricated NCM811 co-coated with Al2O3 and LiNbO3. Al2O3 enhances structural stability, while LiNbO3 improves Li+ ion conduction. This co-coating strategy improves electrochemical performance compared to single coating methods.
High-density single-atomic Ni–N4 sites for efficient Fenton-like reactions
Authors: Wang Shu-Qi , Velez Katherine , Cai Jiahui , Huang Linbo , Zhang Qing-Hua , Feng Feng , An Qi , Zhao Lu , Hu Jin-Song
Published: September 2024

A cascade anchoring strategy was developed to construct Ni–NC single atom catalysts with high-density Ni–N4 sites, enabling an excellent Fenton-like catalytic performance.
Creating a MOF with larger pores and higher stability for gas separation through continuous structure transformation
Authors: Zhang Lin , Wang Gang-Ding , Zhang Bin , Yang Guo-Ping , Zhang Wen-Yan , Hou Lei , Wang Yao-Yu , Zhu Zhonghua
Published: September 2024

A new synthesis strategy of continuous structure transformation has been studied to construct ordered vacancies for enlarging the pores and enhancing the stability of MOFs. The structure transformation was confirmed by single crystal diffraction.
Revealing the key factors affecting the anode performance of metal-ion batteries: a case study of boron carbide monolayers
Authors: Ding Shicong , Yan Xu , Rehman Javed , Wang Sheng , Liu Yong , Yang Guochun
Published: September 2024

This study has employed boron carbide monolayers to reveal the key factors affecting the anode performance of metal-ion batteries.
The recent progress of bone regeneration materials containing EGCG
Authors: Zhao Yaoye , Cao Guoding , Wang Zixin , Liu Desheng , Ren Liling , Ma Dongyang
Published: September 2024

Bone regeneration materials combined with EGCG include natural polymer, synthetic polymer, bioceramic, metal, hydrogel and metal–EGCG networks. Currently, the above materials have been widely studied in the field of medicine.
Organic and inorganic semiconducting materials-based SERS: recent developments and future prospects
Authors: Ozdemir Resul , Ozkan Hukum Kubra , Usta Hakan , Demirel Gokhan
Published: September 2024

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful analytical tool and has been widely used, in different fields including molecular detection, food safety, anti-counterfeiting, and environmental monitoring.
Sulfur-based ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Arakawa Yuki , Ning Qiong , Karthick Subramani , Aya Satoshi
Published: September 2024

We report a structure–property relationship in sulfur-based thermotropic ferroelectric nematic (NF) materials.
SiN-based optoelectronic synaptic devices: enhancing future cognitive computing systems
Authors: Park Hyogeun , Kim Sungjun
Published: September 2024

The optoelectronic synaptic device based on an indium tin oxide/SiN/TaN structure integrated both synaptic and nociceptor functionalities, with Pavlovian conditioning examined.
Carbon nanotube graphene multilevel network based phase change fibers and their energy storage properties
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Zhao Jingna , Liao Tanqian , Li Wenya , Zhang Yongyi , Xu Chengyong , Zhang Xiaohua , Li Qingwen
Published: September 2024

CNT/GO/PEG fibers were prepared by an in situ impregnation strategy. The presence of GO increased interfacial contacts and volume within the CNT/GO multilevel network, resulting in high PEG loading, enthalpy and lower thermal conductivity.
Variability in Vowel Space in Parkinson's Disease: Associations With Cognitive and Motor Impairment
Authors: DeSilva Ginige S. , Upadhyay Prashasti , Manxhari Michelle , Gopal Daksha , Smith Kara M.
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

People with Parkinson's disease (PwP) typically experience impairments in vowel articulation; however, less is known about how this measure varies with speech task type and clinical characteristics such as cognitive impairment. We characterized vowel space in PwP with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) comparing performance across phonation, reading, and picture description tasks. We evaluated associations between vowel space and cognitive impairment, as well as motor symptom severity to elucidate the factors contributing to variability in this acoustic measure.

Method:

PwP (
n
= 48) and age-matched controls (
n
= 15) performed sustained phonation of corner vowels, a reading passage, and a picture description task (Cookie Theft picture). PwP participants were classified as with normal cognition (PD-NC) or MCI (PD-MCI), and motor symptoms were assessed using the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkingson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS Part III). Vowel articulation index (VAI) for each task and mean difference in VAI between tasks was compared between the groups using linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, and education. The impact of motor severity was assessed by additionally adjusting the model for MDS-UPDRS Part III score.

Results:

In the adjusted mixed model, mean VAI was significantly lower in the PD-MCI group compared to the PD-NC group for all tasks. Within participants, adjusted mean differences demonstrated that all groups declined in VAI when sustained phonation was compared to either reading or picture description tasks. Adjustment for MDS-UPDRS Part III did not alter the results, suggesting no major association of motor impairment with vowel space variability within or between individuals or groups.

Conclusions:

Variability in vowel space is impacted by cognitive impairment and speech task in PwP. These findings are relevant to the further development of speech markers in PwP and other neurogenerative diseases that impact both cognitive and motor functions.
Temporal Coordination of Articulatory Gestures in Nonnative Onset Clusters: Evidence From American English Speakers Using Electromagnetic Articulography
Authors: Cheng Hung-Shao , Masapollo Matthew , Hagedorn Christina , Buchwald Adam
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Research in cross-language speech production indicates that, although the production of nonnative consonant clusters is often difficult, speakers of American English can produce some nonnative clusters (e.g., /fn/) with high accuracy. This ease of production for select nonnative clusters may occur due to similarity of phonetic structure with native clusters (e.g., nonnative /fn/ and native /sm/ are both fricative-nasal sequences). The current study tested this hypothesis by examining the extent of transfer of articulatory coordination from phonetically similar native onset clusters (i.e., /fl/, /sm/) to nonnative /fn/ clusters.

Method:

Using electromagnetic articulography, lip, tongue, and jaw movements were recorded in nine participants during the production of 22 nonwords (eight tokens per nonword) containing the native and nonnative clusters in different carrier phrases. We examined the temporal lags between each consonantal gesture in a cluster and the flanking vowel gesture, which were compared to the matched singleton conditions.

Results:

Analyses revealed that, as in native speech, when the syllable onset became more complex (i.e., CV ➔ CCV [C as consonant, V as vowel]), there was an increase in lag (less temporal overlap) between the leftmost consonantal gesture and the vocalic gesture, whereas there was a decrease in lag (more temporal overlap) between the rightmost consonant and the vocalic gesture (i.e.,
C-center timing
). However, the segmental makeup of the cluster and type of carrier phrase used were also found to influence this change in temporal organization, raising new questions for future research.

Conclusions:

By and large, the findings are in agreement with the idea that the temporal coordination of articulator movements may be transferred from native clusters to phonetically similar nonnative clusters. However, kinematic measures of a broader range of nonnative clusters in different contexts are needed to fully explore this position.
Acoustic and Kinematic Predictors of Intelligibility and Articulatory Precision in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Thompson Austin , Kim Yunjung
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

This study investigated relationships within and between perceptual, acoustic, and kinematic measures in speakers with and without dysarthria due to Parkinson's disease (PD) across different clarity conditions. Additionally, the study assessed the predictive capabilities of selected acoustic and kinematic measures for intelligibility and articulatory precision ratings.

Method:

Forty participants, comprising 22 with PD and 18 controls, read three phrases aloud using conversational, less clear, and more clear speaking conditions. Acoustic measures and their theoretical kinematic parallel measures (i.e., acoustic and kinematic distance and vowel space area [VSA]; second formant frequency [F2] slope and kinematic speed) were obtained from the diphthong /aɪ/ and selected vowels in the sentences. A total of 368 listeners from crowdsourcing provided ratings for intelligibility and articulatory precision. The research questions were examined using correlations and linear mixed-effects models.

Results:

Intelligibility and articulatory precision ratings were highly correlated across all speakers. Acoustic and kinematic distance, as well as F2 slope and kinematic speed, showed moderately positive correlations. In contrast, acoustic and kinematic VSA exhibited no correlation. Among all measures, acoustic VSA and kinematic distance were robust predictors of both intelligibility and articulatory precision ratings, but they were stronger predictors of articulatory precision.

Conclusions:

The findings highlight the importance of measurement selection when examining cross-domain relationships. Additionally, they support the use of behavioral modifications aimed at eliciting larger articulatory gestures to improve intelligibility in individuals with dysarthria due to PD.

Open Science Form:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27011281
A Qualitative Inquiry of Practice and Training in Feeding Infants With Orofacial Clefting: Insight From Four Expert Providers
Authors: Kotlarek Katelyn J. , Bush Erin J. , Zarzycka Aleksandra
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Feeding infants with cleft lip/palate is a specialty area that crosses disciplinary lines. Due to the low incidence of this condition, information regarding feeding infants with orofacial clefting is often not taught in training programs, potentially leading to variations in practice. The purpose of this study was to explore the current practice and training patterns of health care professionals with regard to feeding infants with cleft lip/palate.

Method:

In accordance with Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies guidelines, qualitative, semistructured interviews were conducted via videoconference with four expert feeding providers serving individuals with craniofacial differences. Descriptive thematic analysis informed researchers' understanding through scrutiny of each case and a search for cross-case similarities. Final coding of all transcripts was completed, and coding disagreements were resolved through discussion and refining of theme descriptions.

Results:

Despite similar expertise and experience within craniofacial care, analysis revealed both similarities and differences in feeding practices, training, and perceived issues in cleft lip/palate care among providers. The final qualitative data analysis revealed the following four emergent themes: Informal Education and Training, Multidisciplinary Practice Issues (subtheme: Postoperative Instructions), Clinical Decision Making, and Recommendations (three subthemes: Components of a Feeding Consultation, Educational Issues, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care).

Conclusions:

Practice patterns and training vary widely despite similar levels of expertise. Mechanisms for formal training are needed in this area.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26863651