bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fusarium meridionale is more aggressive and competitive than F. graminearum as a causal agent of Gibberella Ear Rot of maize in Brazil
Authors: Machado Franklin Jackson , Kuhnem Paulo , Casa Ricardo Trezzi , McMaster Nicole , Schmale David G. , Vaillancourt Lisa J. , Del Ponte Emerson Medeiros
Published: November 2020

In Brazil, Gibberella ear rot (GER) of maize is caused mainly by Fusarium meridionale (Fmer), while F. graminearum (Fgra) is a minor contributor. To test the hypothesis that Fmer is more aggressive than Fgra on maize, three experiments were conducted in the south (subtropical summer), and one in the central-south (tropical winter) of Brazil, totaling seven conditions (year ✕ location ✕ hybrid). Treatments consisted of Fgra or Fmer (two isolates of each) inoculated once four days after silk; alternately inoculated (Fgra⇾Fmer or Fmer⇾Fgra) six days apart; and (in central-south only) sequentially inoculated without alternating (Fmer⇾Fmer or Fgra⇾Fgra). Overall GER severity was higher in the south (37.0%) compared with the central-south (16.9%), likely due to the higher summer temperatures (20 to 25oC). In the south, severity was highest in Fmer treatments (67.8%); followed by Fmer⇾Fgra (41.1%); then Fgra⇾Fmer (19.4%); and lowest in Fgra (2.1%), suggesting an antagonistic relationship. In the central-south during winter (15 to 20oC), severity was generally higher (7.3 to 11.6%) in sequential inoculation treatments than when either species was inoculated alone. Only nivalenol (NIV) or deoxynivalenol (DON) were detected when Fmer or Fgra, respectively, were inoculated singly and sequentially with no alternation. Both toxins were found in grains harvested from the Fmer⇾Fgra treatment, while only NIV was found in kernels from the Fgra⇾Fmer treatment, suggesting that Fmer was more competitive than Fgra in co-inoculations. The dominance of Fmer as a cause of GER in Brazil may be due in part to its higher aggressiveness and competitiveness than Fgra.
Associations of Household Structure and Presence of Children in the Household with Mental Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Smail Emily , Riehm Kira , Veldhuis Cindy , Johnson Renee , Holingue Calliope , Stuart Elizabeth A. , Kalb Luke , Thrul Johannes
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurpose: The objectives of the current study were to: (1) assess the impact of household structure (i.e. living alone compared to living with children, a partner, or both) and presence of children on mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (2) determine whether these associations are moderated by income or sex.Results: A total of 2,524 adults aged 25-55 were included in the analytic sample. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations between explanatory variables and mental distress, measured via the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-4. In adjusted models, each additional child under the age of 12 was associated a decrease in mental distress (β=-0.21, p=0.03). This finding was significant when adjusting for sociodemographic variables (age, sex, race, education, household income, living with a partner, and currently having a job) and historical depressive symptoms (CESD-8). Having children between the ages of 13 and 18 and household structure were not significantly associated with mental distress.Conclusion: This study supports prior literature that demonstrates the positive association of childrearing with psychological well-being, and suggests that these benefits may be present even under stay-at-home orders in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Parental Behavior Models Prosocial Behavior in Face-to-Face Interactions with their School-age Children
Authors: Ramenzoni Veronica C , Gonzalez-Gadea Maria Luz
Published: November 2020

This study examined whether kinship and nurture imperatives affect adults and school-age children’s prosocial cooperative behaviors. Members of the same family (i.e., parents and children, couples, and siblings) and non-kin participants (i.e., adults and children) were asked to play a face-to-face iterated version of the prisoner’s dilemma that emphasized competition. Results showed that parents consistently cooperate with their children and partners and forgive their children’s betrayals. Conversely, adults playing with non-kin children compete with them. All children seek individual gains regardless of who they are playing with. Taken together these results suggests that kin and nurture imperatives have different developmental trajectories in how they affect parental and children behavior. While non-kin adults and children’s behavior responds to immediate goals such as winning the game, parents continue to nurture their offspring by modeling prosocial behaviors that promote mutual over individual gains throughout their childhood.
Change and stability in the influence of parents’ education on children’s intelligence
Authors: Cave Sophie Nicole , Wright Megan , von Stumm Sophie
Published: November 2020

Parents’ educational attainment is one of the strongest predictors of children’s cognitive development, which in turn exerts a pivotal influence on children’s educational outcomes. However, no prior study has explored change and stability in the relative association of mothers’ and fathers’ education with children’s intelligence (IQ) that may occur across generations. Here, we identified 5 population cohort studies with children born in 1946, 1958, 1970, 1994-96, and 2000 that were representative of the UK’s population at their inception, and that assessed parents’ educational attainment and children’s IQ (total N in analyses = 48,175). Associations of mothers’ and fathers’ education with children’s IQ ranged from r = .38 (CI 95% .36 - .41) to r = .19 (CI 95% .17-.20) across generations. Fathers’ education was more strongly related to children’s IQ in the earlier cohorts but in later years, mothers’ education emerged as more dominant. However, these differences in the strength of the associations were small and might be chance findings. Negative interactions between mothers’ and fathers’ education in the prediction of children’s intelligence that may reflect compensatory effects were observed in all cohorts, but only reached significance before 1970. We conclude parents’ educational attainment has been continuously associated with children’s intelligence across generations with medium to large effect sizes. While our results are based on analyses of large population cohort studies that span across six decades, the limitations of the data and study design warrant a cautious interpretation of our findings.
Rape avoidance over the menstrual cycle: An examination of the underlying psychological and physiological mechanisms
Authors: Ryder Hannah , Maltby John , Flowe Heather D
Published: November 2020

Fertile women may have inherent rape-avoidance mechanisms according to past research, with women differentially responding to a scenario implying rape compared to a control scenario when fertile (Petralia & Gallup, 2002). However, it is unclear whether these results mean that fertile women are responding to rape cues specifically, or physical danger cues more generally. Furthermore, the psychological and physiological mechanisms that motivate risk aversion are unknown. In this study, naturally cycling (NC) and hormonal contraceptive (HC) using females (N = 32) participated at two specific points of their menstrual cycle; during a phase of low and peak fertility in NC participants. Psychological and physiological responses to Petralia and Gallup’s (2002) original two scenarios, as well as three new scenarios, varying in risk of rape versus physical danger, were measured. HC participants’ responses did not fluctuate across testing sessions. For NC participants, there was an interaction between fertility status and scenario-type: handgrip was stronger for women when fertile following all scenarios involving males, even if there was no risk of rape or physical danger depicted. The results, therefore, indicate women are more responsive to scenarios involving men during peak fertility.
Pauses and reversals of infant mortality decline in India in 2017 and 2018
Authors: Drèze Jean , Gupta Aashish , Parashar Sai Ankit , Sharma Kanika
Published: November 2020

This note examines recent trends in infant mortality in India, based on summary reports from the Sample Registration System (SRS). We find evidence of slowdown, pauses, and reversals in infant mortality decline in large parts of India in 2017 and 2018, the last two years for which SRS data are available. In urban areas, the infant mortality rate stagnated at 23 deaths per 1,000 births between 2016 and 2018. Worse, overall infant mortality increased in the poorer states of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh in this period. This occurred despite sustained improvements in household access to sanitation and clean fuel. One possible interpretation of these findings is that, in addition to their impact on unemployment and poverty, the demonetization experiment in late 2016 and the subsequent economic slowdown had an adverse effect on child health. In any case, these trends reinforce earlier evidence of faltering human development in India in recent years.
Application of Class Shift in Translation from English to Chinese
Authors: MI Fali
Published: November 2020

Translation from English to Chinese aimed to enhance students’ comprehensive language skills is one of the most widely used teaching tasks applied to college English learning classroom. However, due to lack of theoretical studies and practical guidelines, students pay too much attention to formal equivalence in the light of English grammatical rules, thus resulting in some translated sentences with strong “translationese”. Originated from translation transfer theory put forward by Catford, class shift is deeply rooted in Systemic Functional Linguistics depicting and analyzing two dimensions of level shift and category shift. The paper showcases how to translate English sentences into Chinese by relying on class shift with some classified and well sorted-out examples primarily taken from course books, attempts to render the deeper-level reasons behind the class shift, and tentatively makes analysis based on that. The paper exemplifies eight types of class shift in the process of translation from English to Chinese. Study shows that by relying on class shift, students focus more on functional equivalence rather than on formal equivalence and get rid of rigid scaffoldings involving in English grammar rules. As a result, “translationese” in the translated sentences can be effectively avoided and the target texts are more in the habit of Chinese way of expressions.
Social policy and labor supply: The impact of activating labor market institutions on reservation wages
Authors: Fuchs Benjamin , Prechsl Sebastian , Wolbring Tobias
Published: November 2020

Activation is an efficacious policy paradigm in modern welfare states. Taking the case of Germany, we study the relationship between the embeddedness of benefit recipients in activating labor market institutions and individual labor supply. Using panel data, we estimate the effects of transitions between key institutional states with different degrees of activation on reservation wages. We show that reservation wages react to activation: the transition from gainful employment to unemployment benefit receipt leads to an average decrease of 3.1 percent in reservation wages. The transition from gainful employment to welfare benefit receipt – an institutional state with far more rigorous activation – leads to a stronger decrease of 4.9 percent. Mediation analyses show that the income associated with different institutional states is the predominant mechanism that drives the effect on reservation wages. However, subjective social status also partly mediates the effect. Implications of these findings for active labor market policies are discussed.
Why common interests and collective action are not enough for environmental cooperation – Insights from China-EU circular economy discourse
Authors: Luo Anran , Zuberi Mehwish , Liu Jiayu , Perrone Miranda , Schnepf Simone , Leipold Sina
Published: November 2020

Many stakeholders consider the signing of the first international agreement on circular economy ‘CE’ between China and the EU in 2018 a milestone towards global efforts to address pressing environmental problems of extraction, resource use and waste management. This analysis rebuts this expectation. Based on empirical analysis of 72 interviews with key stakeholders, 40 documents and participant observation at key international CE events, we show that optimistic win-win narratives on China-EU CE cooperation depoliticize cooperation goals, postponing deep-rooted tensions of identity, trust, negative competition and the scaling of environmental solutions. This prevents a paradigm shift towards a CE and will likely prevent fruitful cooperation on any other environmental paradigm. Traditionally, explanations for the challenges of international environmental cooperation have focused on issues of collective action and disparate interests. Our argument adds a different dimension to these explanations. It highlights the critical importance of identity, trust, negative competition and the scaling of environmental solutions. We propose more research on narrative strategies for identifying and promoting areas of trust, mutual identity building and shared conceptualizations of the scales of environmental governance.
The Effect of adding First Order Aberrations To Third Order Aberrations on Point Spread Function for Triangular Aperture
Authors: Hamza Tarkhan Widad
Published: November 2020

In this work, Point Spread Function (PSF) for triangular aperture was studied, in case of ideal optical  system, also in case of presence first order aberrations )focal error and tilt aberration) and third order aberrations (spherical ,coma, and astigmatism aberrations) individually, and for the same values of aberration factor )W=0.1λ …..0.5 λ ) for angle of rotation (ѱ =0).                                                 
 First order aberrations were added to third order aberrations, to obtain the best balance and to reduce the curve width of the (PSF),  and to increase  the Strehl ratio, like  adding a tilt aberration to the coma aberration and adding focal error to spherical aberration and astigmatism aberration.
There are some aberrations effects impact negatively on point spread function, such as focal error with coma aberration and tilt aberration with spherical aberration.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PAI DENGAN MENERAPKAN STRATEGI THINK-TALK-WRITE DALAM KELOMPOK KECIL DI SMA NEGERI 1 KOTO GASIB
Authors: Rokhim Abdul
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the increase in the ability of teachers to apply innovative learning with the Think-Talk-Write strategy in small groups as an alternative to improving the learning outcomes of Islamic Education in the material of Rasul-Rasul that is the Lover of Allah SWT. Think-Talk-Write (TTW) is a learning model developed by Huinker and Laughlin. In this learning model, students are encouraged to think, talk, and then write about a topic. This action research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Koto Gasib in Class XI, with 29 students consisting of 27 Muslim students and 2 non-Muslim students. This research took place in Semester Two of the 2018/2019 Academic Year. The data collection technique of this research was observation, distributing questionnaires and daily tests / tests. From the learning activities with the Think-Talk-Write strategy in small groups that have been conducted in this study, it can be seen that there has been an increase in learning outcomes. Therefore, this learning approach is very suitable in class to help students enlarge their knowledge.
Intravenous Leiomyoma with Intracardiac Extension: A Rare Late Presentation After Hysterectomy
Authors: Jaiswal Lokesh Shekher , Pandit Narendra , Prasad Jagat Narayan , Pandey Naveen Kumar
Published: November 2020

Intravenous leiomyoma is a rare, benign smooth muscle tumor arising from intrauterine venules or the myometrium. It can rarely present as intracardiac mass long after hysterectomy. In this case report we describe a 40-year-old female with previous history of hysterectomy, presenting with an intracardiac mass which was successfully managed with single stage tumor resection under cardiopulmonary bypass. Subsequent histopathology showed features of leiomyoma. The diagnosis of intravenous leiomyoma with cardiac extension should be kept in a female patient presenting with intracardiac mass with previous history of myomectomy or hysterectomy.
Fractional electromagnetic waves in plasma and dielectric media with Caputo generalized fractional derivative
Authors: Bhangale N. , Kachhia K. B.
Published: November 2020

The wave equation has very signiﬁcance role in many area of physics. The paper addresses thesolution of fractional diﬀerential equations of electromagnetic wave in plasma and dielectric media with Caputo generalized fractional derivative. The ρ−Laplace transform introduced by Fahd and Thabet was used to obtain the analytic solution of fractional diﬀerential equation which arising in electromagnetic ﬁelds. We investigate that the wave equation in fractional space can eﬀectively describe the behaviour of space wave and time wave. The results show that the electromagnetic ﬁelds change with diﬀerent fractional orders.
Primary Fixation of AO Type-C Fracture of the Distal Radius with Volar Locking Plates. A Cross-Sectional Study of Patient Rated Outcomes at Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan
Authors: H Mohd Sallehuddin , Z Zamzuri , MS Ariff , A Mohd Shukrimi , MA Mohamed Azril , MY Nazri
Published: November 2020

Introduction: This is a cross-sectional study of 37 patients with AO type C (complete intra-articular) fractures of the distal radius, evaluating the functional, anatomical, and patient rated outcomes one year after primary fixation with a volar locking plate. Methods: Functional outcomes were assessed based on the grip strength, and the range of motion of forearm and wrist. Anatomical outcomes were assessed based on the radial inclination, radial height, volar tilt, and articular step or gap. Patient rated outcome was measured with a Disability of arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire. Results: One year after surgery, 24 (64%) patients achieved good and excellent anatomical results, and DASH scores were acceptable in 73% of patients. Most of the patients had achieved 80% of their grip strength. The mean DASH score of 12.3 was comparable with other studies. Grip strength, radial inclination and volar tilt had a significant correlation with the DASH score. Conclusion: Volar locking plates can be used to achieve optimal reduction in all three parameters in the treatment of AO type C fractures of the distal radius. Versatile fracture fragment reduction and angular stability enable rehabilitation hence obtaining good functional outcomes.
Integration of Islamic Input in Medical Curriculum – Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Experience
Authors: J Jamilah , A Ahmad Najib , MR Dzulkhairi , HO Ariff , NM Nasri Ismail
Published: November 2020

Muslim doctors are those qualified doctors who practise their professional knowledge and skills in line with Islam and upholds the highest standards of ethical and professional behaviour. The medical curriculum of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) was designed with the integration of Islamic input which aims at producing doctors who are able to practise medicine that is integrated with Islamic, moral and ethical values. Halaqah Studies and Fundamental Islamic Knowledge (FIK) courses such as History of Medicine in Islam, Science and Medicine in Quran and Sunnah, Akhlak and Tasawuf, Islamic Jurisprudence and Medical Ethics and Fiqh Issues are taught to students during the pre-clinical and clinical phases. Memorization of selected Quranic verses throughout the programme aim to get the students to apply the verses of the al-Quran into practice in everyday life and especially in their clinical practice. Islamic values are emphasised during doctor-patient interactions in all clinical postings. Islamic knowledge and values integrated in the curriculum are assessed in written and clinical examinations. The outcome of the integration of the Naqli component in the medical curriculum has been demonstrated positively by the students in the patient management problems and clinical consultations. Studies on the outcome of the integrated Islamic input in the medical curriculum among the clinical students and graduates are being carried out.
Imaging and Histopathology Correlation of Solid Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast : A Review of Four Cases
Authors: MIA Sharifah , M Azwini , AS Nordashima
Published: November 2020

Solid papillary breast carcinoma is a rare type of breast carcinoma. We present four cases which highlight the radiological and histological findings of solid papillary carcinoma. Mammogram supplemented with ultrasound played an important role in detecting solid papillary carcinomas which usually presents as intraductal lesions or intracystic mass with Doppler signal. Excision biopsy is a better option than core biopsy as the latter modality may not be representative and the diagnosis of solid papillary breast carcinoma may be missed.
The Girl With Rapunzel Syndrome
Authors: S Norly , I Nor Saadah , P Ros’aini
Published: November 2020

Rapunzel syndrome is a syndrome whereby a gastric trichobezoar (hair ball) extends through the pylorus, in the form of a long tail, to cause gastric outlet obstruction. It was first described by Vaughan et al. in 1968. The syndrome is mostly seen in young females with psychiatric illness. Presentations can be non-specific especially in the early stages. If left untreated it may leads to severe complications, which may include gastric ulceration, intestinal obstruction, perforated viscus and obstructive jaundice. Treatment is essentially surgical and psychiatric consultation is necessary to prevent relapses. We present the case of a 26-year-old mentally subnormal lady with gastric trichobezoar and provide a review of the literature.
The Psychological Impact of Diabetic Limb Problems
Authors: R Bahari
Published: November 2020

Limb problem is a common complication for patients with diabetes. While the impact of diabetic limb problems on physical health is well known, the psychological impact of the condition is still largely unknown. People with diabetes with or without foot ulcers frequently suffer from major depressive disorder, and this is made worse by the presence of limb complications. Furthermore, depression itself can have negative consequences on the person’s diabetes. Hence, in caring for people with diabetic foot problem, the psychological sequelae must not be overlooked but managed accordingly.
Are Menstrual Problems Associated with the Mental Health? A Cross Sectional Study among the Graduation College Girls
Authors: SR Quraishi , VB Waghachavare , AD Gore , GB Dhumale
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Menstrual problems like menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are common in adolescent girls. However literature regarding association between menstrual and mental health problems is limited; hence the current study was planned. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in Sangli district (Maharashtra), India among the female students from three randomly selected graduation colleges. Calculated sample size was 605 and cluster random sampling technique was applied. The study duration was June 2013 - May 2014. Study instrument was self-administered questionnaire with inventories like PSST-A, DASS-21 and SPIN. Statistical analysis was done using chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Results: Of the 707 participants; 413 (58.4%) had menstrual problems with dysmenorrhoea being the commonest. Embarrassment due to menstruation was felt by 14.9%. Menstrual problems were associated with perceived body type, body image, stress and anxiety. Embarrassment due to menstruation was associated with social phobia, stress, anxiety and depression. On binary logistic regression; body image and embarrassment due to menstruation were significant predictors for menstrual problems. Conclusions: Menstrual problems contribute to the development of various Mental Health disturbances. Hence, girls should be encouraged to seek health advice for the menstrual problems. A full time Health counsellor in schools and colleges can justify addressing adolescent health problems.
Intertrochanteric fracture fixation with Dynamic Hip Screw: Is tip-apex distance measurement useful for predicting fixation failure?
Authors: KL Goh , Z Zamzuri , S Mohd Ariff , MA Mohamed Azril
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Application of dynamic hip screw (DHS) implant for the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures continues to raise concern related to risk of lag screw cut-out with or without subsequent damage to the acetabulum. Measurement of tip-apex distances (TAD) has been recommended to guide the optimal placement of lag screw and to predict subsequent risk of screw cut-out. In this study, the value of TAD was evaluated to verify its usefulness. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 33 consecutive patients with intertrochanteric fracture treated with DHS. Demographic data of the patients were traced from their case notes. Post-operative radiographs were reviewed by focusing on measurement of TAD on anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. Radiographs at one year follow-up were reviewed to depict any fixation-related failure or complication. Results: Fifty two percent of patients did not achieved the recommended TAD of ≤ 25mm. The mean post-operative TAD was 25.9mm and elderly patients were likely to achieve TAD of ≤ 25mm. The overall complication rate of 6% was attributed to screw cut-out in two cases. The unstable left-sided fracture was identified to be a potential risk for screw cut-out or migration. Conclusion: TAD is a valuable measurement to guide optimal placement of lag screw during DHS fixation of intertrochanteric fracture.
Norms for Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among Secondary School Students in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors: R Musa , MA Bujang , J Haniff , NA Mohamad , Kd Omar , AS Radeef
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) has been widely used as a tool to detect eating disorders. We aimed to identify the EDE-Q normative data among secondary school students in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving four secondary schools in an urban area. The respondents of secondary school students were selected using stratified sampling. Results: There were 298 teenagers 12 to 17 years of age who participated in the study. The EDE-Q mean scores ± standard deviation was 1.27 ± 1.08 for the total score (Global Score), 0.78 ± 0.95 for Restraint Domain, 1.02 ± 1.03 for Eating Concern, 1.76 ± 1.55 for Shape Concern and 1.54 ± 1.43 for Weight Concern. Conclusion: Mean values obtained from this study were relatively lower when compared to western populations. Shape Concern and Weight Concern had higher scores compared to the other domains. These values are useful for EDE-Q interpretation in Malaysia.
Study of Hepatitis C Virus Infection at a Tertiary Hospital: Genotyping, Risk Factors and Comorbidities
Authors: Fazlin AR Siti Nurul , Aini H Hairul , Hadzri HM , Imad MM Mohammed
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping is very important for the clinical management of HCVinfected patients. The aim of this study was to determine the genotypes of HCV-infected patients and to identify their risk factors and comorbidities. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, cross sectional study in which forty (40) HCV-infected patients attending Gastroenterology Clinic, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA) Kuantan Pahang were recruited for the study, from January to July 2014. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5’UTR and NS5B region were performed to identify the viral genotypes. Results: Of the 40 samples, 31 (77.5%) isolates were successfully classified into their genotypes and subtypes; 3a (57.5%), 1a (12.5%), 3b (2.5%) and 1b (2.5%). No genotype 2, 4, 5 and 6 were found in this study. However, there was one mixed-genotype (3a/1a) HCV infection. Risk factors and co-morbidities found in this study include IVDUs, haemodialysis, blood transfusion, surgery and co-infection with HIV. Conclusion: Genotype 3 followed by genotype 1 were the common HCV genotypes found in this study population. Furthermore, the highest risk factors and co-morbidities were IVDUs and co-infection with HIV.
Anti-atherosclerotic Effects of Eurycoma Longifolia (Tongkat Ali) in Rats Fed on High-fat Diet
Authors: Al-Joufi Fakhria , Saxena Anil K. , Al-Ani Imad M. , Talib Norlelawati A. , Mokhtar Rafidah H. , Zaifah Norsidah Ku
Published: November 2020

Atherosclerosis in cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a growing health problem, especially in developing countries. Hyperlipidemia is known as a dominant risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Eurycoma Longifolia (EL) also known as Malaysian Ginseng/ Tongkat Ali on the testosterone level, biochemical changes of lipid profile and intima media thickness (IMT) in rats fed on high-fat diet. Twenty young, adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were housed for 12 weeks. After one week of acclimatization, they were randomly divided into four groups of 5 animals each and treated for 12 weeks as follow: Group ND was given only normal diet, group NDEL was given normal diet and EL extracts (15mg/kg) dissolved in distilled water, group HFD was given only high fat diet and group HFDEL was given high fat diet and EL extracts (15mg/kg). Rats which were treated with EL (NDEL and HFDEL) showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the testosterone levels. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in triglyceride (TG) in HFDEL group compered to HFD group. The histological sections of aortas revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in IMT in HFDEL as compared with HFD group. No histological changes were observed in NDEL group compared with ND group and there was no significant difference in IMT values between NDEL and ND. These findings suggest that EL is a promising protective agent against atherosclerosis induced by high-fat diet.
Parvovirus Infection and Congenital Leukemia: Is It a Causal or Casual?
Authors: RA Dasrilsyah , S Ahmad , GC Tan , PS Lim
Published: November 2020

Congenital leukemia is an extremely rare disease but frequently fatal. We report a case of intrauterine death (IUD) secondary to congenital erythroid leukaemia associated with maternal Parvovirus B19 infection. Further research is needed to ascertain the association between maternal Parvovirus B19 infection and congenital leukemia.
Development of Pesantren Teachers In The Perspective of Uswah Nubuwah
Authors: Supian Supian , Rahman K. A , M Daud Sulhi , Thohirin Nanang
Published: November 2020

Qualitative research using this case study approach is to explore and describe the supervision of the principal in managing teachers from the perspective of the nature of the Prophet: Shidiq, Amanah, Tabligh, Fathonah in the Hidayatullah Islamic Boarding School, Muara Jambi Regency. The data were collected through interviews and document studies of 4 participants, namely the headmaster of kindergarten/early childhood schools, SDIT, MTs, and the leader of the Hidayatullah Muaro Islamic Boarding School Jambi. Interview data were analyzed using a case and cross-case analysis between participants. The results showed four main categories, namely (1) like fingerprints, most of them had been carried out (2) like the mandate that they had been carried out (3) like tabligh that they had run as the program (4) there were obstacles and supporters in implementing the program following the nature of the prophet. The obstacles are laziness, not istiqomah (discipline), a busy schedule of activities, lack of awareness, while the supporting factors are a family atmosphere, halaqoh marhalah ula, marhalah wustho, deliberation, meetings, congregational prayers, reading the Koran, recitation, training, Madrasah working group (KKM), and Teacher working group (KKG).
The Urgency of Classical Learning Motivation in the Millennial Era: Al-Zarnuji's Perspective
Authors: Wasyik Torikhul , Muhid Abdul
Published: November 2020

Student learning outcomes in the millennial era have experienced a decline in learning achievement. Among them is a lack of motivation in students, and many Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia use ta'lim muta'allim in their lessons to motivate their students. This article aims to identify and summarize the motivation conveyed by Imam Zarnuji in the Book of ta`lim mutaalim which is suitable for the millennial era. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method using literature studies. Data techniques by conducting studies of books, notes, article journals, notes that support each other. Data sources are divided into several types, namely: a) Primary data from the Book of ta'lim muta 'allim by Imam Al-Zarnuji b) Secondary data is complementary data that can be used as a reference in journals including relevant literature. This article results indicate that the past (Imam zarnuji) motivation is useful for the millennial era 1) Twenty-eight intrinsic motivations include Intention, patience, sincerity, and high aspirations. 2) seven extrinsic incentives should seek knowledge, find teachers and good friends, and stay away from immorality. Suggesting further research to measure what percentage of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation can increase achievement and enthusiasm for learning.
Autograft-derived spinal cord mass in the cervical spine following transplantation with olfactory mucosa cells for traumatic spinal cord injury: case report
Authors: Williamson Theresa L. , Cutler Andrew , Cobb Mary I. , Rahimpour Shervin , Butler Eric R. , Harward Stephen C. , Cummings Thomas J. , Friedman Allan H.
Published: November 2020

This study describes a patient with an autograft-derived spinal cord mass following transplantation of olfactory mucosa for treatment of cervical spine injury. The authors report the case of a 35-year-old man who suffered a complete spinal cord injury (SCI) at C5–6 in 2001. The patient underwent an olfactory mucosal cell implantation at the location of injury 4 years following initial trauma. Twelve years later, the patient presented with rapidly progressive decline in upper-extremity function as well as neuropathic pain. Imaging revealed a heterogeneously enhancing intramedullary mass from C3 to C7. At surgery, the patient was found to have a posttransplant mucinous mass. Each mucinous cyst was drained and a portion of the cyst wall was removed. Histological examination demonstrated ciliated epithelium-lined fibrous tissue, submucosal glands, and mucoid material, consistent with a transplant-derived tumor. This case report both documents a rare long-term complication of olfactory mucosal cell transplantation and serves as a cautionary tale encouraging prudent use of novel treatments in a vulnerable population of patients with severe SCI.
Patient outcomes and tumor control in single-fraction versus hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy for spinal metastases
Authors: Park Christine , Howell Elizabeth P. , Mehta Vikram A. , Ramirez Luis , Price Meghan J. , Floyd Scott R. , Kirkpatrick John P. , Torok Jordan , Abd-El-Barr Muhammad M. , Karikari Isaac O. , Goodwin C. Rory
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) offers efficient, noninvasive treatment of spinal neoplasms. Single-fraction (SF) high-dose SBRT has a relatively narrow therapeutic window, while hypofractionated delivery of SBRT may have an improved safety profile with similar efficacy. Because the optimal approach of delivery is unknown, the authors examined whether hypofractionated SBRT improves pain and/or functional outcomes and results in better tumor control compared with SF-SBRT.

METHODS

This is a single-institution retrospective study of adult patients with spinal metastases treated with SF- or three-fraction (3F) SBRT from 2008 to 2019. Demographics and baseline characteristics, radiographic data, and posttreatment outcomes at a minimum follow-up of 3 months are reported.

RESULTS

Of the 156 patients included in the study, 70 (44.9%) underwent SF-SBRT (median total dose 1700 cGy) and 86 (55.1%) underwent 3F-SBRT (median total dose 2100 cGy). At baseline, a higher proportion of patients in the 3F-SBRT group had a worse baseline profile, including severity of pain (p < 0.05), average use of pain medication (p < 0.001), and functional scores (p < 0.05) compared with the SF-SBRT cohort. At the 3-month follow-up, the 3F-SBRT cohort experienced a greater frequency of improvement in pain compared with the SF-SBRT group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, patients treated with 3F-SBRT demonstrated a higher frequency of improved Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) scores (p < 0.05) compared with those treated with SF-SBRT, with no significant difference in the frequency of improvement in modified Rankin Scale scores. Local tumor control did not differ significantly between the two cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients who received spinal 3F-SBRT more frequently achieved significant pain relief and an increased frequency of improvement in KPS compared with those treated with SF-SBRT. Local tumor control was similar in the two groups. Future work is needed to establish the relationship between fractionation schedule and clinical outcomes.
Metachronous spinal pial arteriovenous fistulas: case report
Authors: Abdalla Ramez N. , Shokuhfar Tahaamin , Hurley Michael C. , Ansari Sameer A. , Jahromi Babak S. , Potts Matthew B. , Batjer H. Hunt , Shaibani Ali
Published: November 2020

Spinal pial arteriovenous fistulas (spAVFs) are believed to be congenital lesions, and the development of a de novo spAVF has not been previously described. A 49-year-old female with a childhood history of vascular malformation–induced right lower-extremity hypertrophy presented in 2004 with progressive pain in her right posterior thigh and outer foot. Workup revealed 3 separate type IV spAVFs, which were treated by combined embolization and resection, with final conventional angiography showing no residual spinal vascular lesion in 2005. Ten years later, the patient returned with new right lower-extremity weakness, perineal pain, and left plantar foot numbness. Repeat spinal angiography demonstrated 2 de novo intertwined conus medullaris spAVFs.
Effects of race on blood loss in spinal fusions for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Kaushal Neil , Orland Keith J. , Schwartz Andrew M. , Wilson Jacob M. , Fletcher Nicholas D. , Patel Anuj , Menapace Bryan , Ramirez Michelle , Wetzel Martha , Devito Dennis , Murphy Joshua
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE

Posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can be associated with significant blood loss. It has been suggested that blood loss is greater in different racial groups. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in blood loss between African American and Caucasian patients undergoing PSF for AIS.

METHODS

A retrospective review was performed of patients aged 10–18 years with AIS who were treated with PSF from 2014 to 2017 at a single children’s healthcare system. Patient demographic, radiographic, and operative data were obtained from medical records. Intraoperative blood loss was calculated using the formula described by Waters et al. Patients who declined reporting their race or had prior spinal surgery, neuromuscular or syndromic diagnoses, a history of cardiac or thoracic surgery, or a bleeding disorder were excluded. Blood loss variables were log-transformed for normality and modeled using multivariable linear regression.

RESULTS

A total of 433 PSFs for AIS qualified for the analysis. The average age was 14.1 years, and 73.7% of the patients were female. With respect to race, 44.6% identified themselves as African American. There was no significant difference in blood loss (p = 0.31) or blood loss per level fused (p = 0.36) in African American patients. African American patients, however, did have significantly lower preoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and greater operating room time than Caucasian patients (p < 0.001). There was no difference between race and transfusion rate.

CONCLUSIONS

There appears to be no relationship between race and blood loss during PSF for AIS. Standardized protocols for minimizing perioperative blood loss can be applied to both Caucasian and African American patients.
Концептуальный уровень термина
Authors: Дмитриевич Шелов Сергей
Published: November 2020

Определимость одних терминов через другие может лежать в основе идеи концептуального уровня термина, которая может распространяться на терминологию самых разных наук и дисциплин. Для разработки формальной модели концептуального уровня термина применяются некоторые понятия теории графов, в частности, вводится понятие графа непосредственной определимости < (x, y), где x < y тогда и только тогда, когда член x непосредственно определен через член y. Тогда концептуальный уровень L (x) термина x определяется как максимальная длина всех путей от любого термина к термину x в графе < (x, y). Чтобы вычислить самый длинный (короткий) путь в графе к терминам, можно использовать стандартные алгоритмы для вычисления путей в графе к вершине X. Если в системе терминологических определений нет порочных кругов, то идея концептуального уровня каждого термина дает наиболее убедительные результаты. Однако, даже если в этой системе и существуют логические круги, формализация этой же идеи может быть обобщена и привести к вполне удовлетворительным результатам.
Составление, разработка и сопровождение Электронного словаря грецизмов в русском языке XI–XVII вв
Authors: Ивановна Чернышева Маргарита , Игоревна Державина Елена , Алексеевна Морозова Валерия
Published: November 2020

Информация, представленная в крупных трудах по палео-, медиославянской и русской исторической лексикографии, нуждается в постоянном пересмотре, пополнении и обновлении. Это особенно заметно, например, при подготовке «Словаря русского языка XI–XVII вв.» (СлРЯ XI–XVII вв.), а также при создании «Электронного исторического словаря заимствованной лексики в русском языке XI–XVII вв.» и его части – «Электронного словаря грецизмов в русском языке XI–XVII вв.» (ЭСгр). Поскольку постоянно происходит пополнение источниковой базы СлРЯ XI–XVII вв., то накапливаются сведения, касающиеся лексикографически не описанных лексем, удревнения цитатного материала, интерпретации семантики редких слов, а также выявления новых фонетических и морфологических вариантов иноязычной лексики. С помощью созданного в рамках проекта современного инструментария впервые будет представлен в электронном виде полный объем грецизмов, которые встретились в памятниках русской письменности XI–XVII вв., однако до сих пор не получили исчерпывающего описания. Формирование ЭСгр будет сопровождаться проведением историко-лексикологических, сопоставительно-типологических и культурно-исторических исследований, которые имеют самостоятельное научное значение. Техническая часть данной работы посвящена описанию принципов компиляции баз данных, информационного поиска и элементов веб-разработки, примененных в контексте осуществления словарного проекта. Информация для генерации словарных статей скомпонована в виде реляционной базы данных на основе системы управления SQLite. Разработка веб-приложения производится на базе фреймворка Django на языке программирования Python (версия 3.5+). Интерфейс веб-приложения поддерживает гибкий поиск по всем полям базы данных. Созданный в результате данного проекта сайт словаря будет доступен для общего пользования в сети Интернет под оригинальным доменным именем.
TURİSTLERİN DESTİNASYON ÇEKİCİLİKLERİ ALGILARI, AKIŞ DENEYİMİ, POZİTİF DUYGU VE MEMNUNİYETLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: KARASAKAL Sezer
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışma, Antalya’yı ziyaret eden İngiliz, Alman ve Rus turistlerin destinasyon çekiciliklerine yönelik algılarını, akış deneyimi (odaklanma, zamanın dönüşümü ve öz bilinç kaybı) durumlarını, pozitif duygu durumlarını ve memnuniyetlerini incelenmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış ve kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile 938 kullanılabilir anket elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın amaçlarına ulaşmak için bağımsız örneklem t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (Anova) kullanılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda, İngilizlerin Almanlara göre konaklama hizmetlerinden daha fazla memnun oldukları belirlenmiştir. Kadınların erkeklere göre tatillerine daha fazla odaklandıkları ve zaman kavramını kaybettikleri tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlardan yola çıkarak, uygulamacılara yönelik çeşitli öneriler getirilmiştir.
Effective Methods of Working with Publicistic Text in the Course of Preparing Students for the State Final Certification in the Russian Language
Authors: Shelyapina I. I.
Published: November 2020

The article introduces the reader to the tools of axiological lingua-methodology, which allows including preparation for the state final certification in the purposeful, rich in approaches and methods process of studying Russian as a national cultural phenomenon. The aim of the study is to describe effective methods of working with the journalistic text in the 11th grade Russian lesson “Filling the future with meaning...”. The choice of theoretical and experimental methods of research is connected with the tasks of systematization and classification of tasks used in the lesson; modeling of the educational process on the basis of the modern methodical tool — linguistic and cultural characteristics of the text; estimation of actions of understanding of the publicist text. The author of article asserts efficiency of inclusion of high school students in different kinds of activity (work with dictionaries and reference books; linguistic and cultural characteristic of the publicist text; writing of the publicist text on the set parameters; expressive public utterance of the publicist text with the purpose of attraction of attention etc.) on the basis of unified scenario lesson construction. Connection of a theme of a lesson with the future professional activity of pupils provides involvement of high school students in educational process, subjective experience of the contents of the publicist text and dialogue with their authors. The novelty of the research is to describe the motivating role of the journalistic text in teaching Russian in high school. The theoretical significance of the research is to describe effective ways of activity that allow modeling educational situations in the Russian language lesson with the linguistic and cultural characteristics of the text. The practical significance of the article is that the main provisions of the research can be widely applied in school practice in the context of the introduction of the Federal state educational standard of secondary General education in preparation for the state final certification. The presented tools are also adapted for distance learning.