bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep-learning based approach for forecast of water quality in intensive shrimp culture ponds
Authors: Lin Qi , Yang Wen , Zheng Cheng , Lu Kaihong , Zheng Zhongming , Wang Jianping , Zhu Jinyong
Published: March 2019

With the enormous development of aquaculture, reducing the impacts of effluent discharge and improving water quality had become a critical global environmental concern. It is important to assess and predict water quality in the environmental management process of shrimp mariculture. Meanwhile, the accurate forecast of water quality is still in the exploration stage at present. In this study, deep belief networks (DBN) model are used to forecast water quality in intensive shrimp culture. This method based on deep learning includes a five-layered structure to extract relationships between the quantitative characteristic of water bodies and water quality variables. The water quality can be forecasted by the Canadian Water Quality Index (WQI) obtained from the output layer of simulated model. The results show that the DBN model has a great potential to predict the water quality and the ability of generalization and accuracy of model are satisfied.
Aeromonas hydrophila associated with mass mortality of adult Goldfish, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) in ornamental farms in India
Authors: Dharmaratnam Arathi , Swaminathan T.Raja , Kumar Raj , Basheer V.S.
Published: March 2019

Aeromonas hydrophila was identified the causative agent of a disease outbreak in goldfish, Carassius auratus from four ornamental fish farms in Kerala, India. Seven bacterial isolates viz., Plesiomonas shigelloides (NPPS-1), Aeromonas hydrophila (NPAH-1, 2, 3 and 4), Citrobacter freundii (NPCF-1) and Acinetobacter spp. (NPA-1) were isolated from the affected fish. Further, all four A. hydrophila (NPAH-1, 2, 3 and 4) isolates were identified by amplification of gyrB and rpoD genes. The RAPD profile using 3 primers confirmed that all four A. hydrophila were genetically similar. No cytopathic effect was observed on goldfish fin (GFF) cell line after inoculation of the tissue homogenate from the affected fish and affected tissues were found negative for koi herpesvirus (KHV), cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2) and spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV). Experimental challenge resulted in mortality of fish injected with A. hydrophila only. A. hydrophila was observed to be cytotoxic on GFF cell line and exhibited haemolytic activity on 5% sheep blood agar. A. hydrophila possessed multiple virulence genes viz., enterotoxins, haemolytic toxins and outer membrane protein as determined by PCR. A. hydrophila was sensitive to Cefixime, Chloramphenicol, Nitrofurantoin, Kanamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Furazolidone and Cefixime/Clavulanic acid. After treatment with the suggested antibiotics, the fish were recovered from the disease.
Channa royi (Teleostei: Channidae): a new species of snakehead from Andaman Islands, India
Authors: Praveenraj J. , Knight J.D.M. , Kiruba-Sankar R. , Halalludin Beni , Raymond J.J.A. , Thakur V.R.
Published: March 2019

A new species of snakehead fish Channa royi sp. nov., has been described based on 21 specimens collected from the South, Middle and North Andaman Islands, India. It is distinguished from all its congeners by a greenish-grey dorsum, pale brown to black pectoral fin with 2-3 inconspicuous semicircular bands, a series of 7-9 obliquely-arranged, saddle-like, dark olive to grey oblique streaks on green background on upper half of the body, 42-45 pored lateral-line scales, 12-13 branched caudal rays, 6-7 pre-dorsal scales, 43 vertebrae, two rows of teeth on the lower jaw, an outer row of numerous minute slender, pointed teeth and single inner row of large uniform sized teeth without any large canine like teeth on the anterior fourth of the lower jaw. Phylogenetically C. royi sp. nov. is closely related to C. harcourtbutleri, with a genetic distance (K2-P) of 2.4-2.8%, but morphologically differs in having greater inter-orbital width, fewer pelvic-fin rays (5 vs. 5-7, mode 6); fewer caudal-fin rays (ii- i, 10-12, i-ii vs. ii, 15, ii); more pre-dorsal scales (6-7 vs. 4) and fewer mid row lateral-line scales (9-13 vs. 15-16). Though Channa royi sp. nov. is a part of C. gachua species-group, it differs from the topotypic C. gachua from Bengal with higher pair-wise sequence distance of 19.5-20.9%.
Reproductive biology and feeding habits of the common dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus (Linnaeus, 1758) off Saurashtra coast, India
Authors: Saroj Jyoti , Mohammed Koya K. , Mathew K.L. , Tehseen Panja
Published: March 2019

The present study analysed reproductive biology and feeding habits of the common dolphinfish Corphaena hippurus, along the Saurashtra coast of India. The study is based on an investigation of 295 specimens caught using drift gillnet at Veraval. The samples were collected on a monthly basis between March 2015 and February 2016. The sex ratio was 1:1.75 with a significant dominance of females in the population. The size at maturity for females was 593 mm FL (fork length). Absolute fecundity of the individuals ranged from 1,07,813 to 15,50,400 having ova diameter range of 0.3-1.96 mm. C. hippurus spawned throughout the year with its reproductive activity peaking in April and December. Thus the dolphin fish has an extended spawning season; during which it laid eggs almost continuously. A total of 128 stomachs of C. hippurus, whose fork length FL ranged from 380 to 1250 mm were examined during the one year period of this study. Tunas were found to be the common dietary component of the dolphinfish.
Biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from aquaculture farm soil and its optimisation
Authors: Nadella Ranjit kumar , Vaiyapuri Murugadas , kusunur Ahamed Basha , Joseph Toms Cheriath , Velayudhan Lalitha Kuttanappilly , Mothadaka Mukteswar Prasad
Published: March 2019

In the present study, aquaculture farm soil was screened for the biosurfactant producing bacteria. Total of 43 distinct morphological colonies were isolated from the farm soil and their biosurfactant production was evaluated by employing different screening methods. Fourteen biosurfactant producing bacterial isolates were selected based on the formation of dark blue halos on CTAB agar, emulsification index, oil spreading assay and BATH assay. Based on the results, bacterial isolate (BHA 9) showed highest production of biosurfactant and selected for further studies. Biochemical characterisation revealed that the bacterial isolate responsible for biosurfactant production is Gram negative, slender long rod shape bacteria and oxidase and catalase positive. Molecular characterisation of 16S r-DNArevealed that it belongs to Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Optimization studies were carried out at different temperatures (25, 30, 35 and 40 o C) using four different carbon sources (1%) i.e ., glucose, sucrose, maltose and starch and four nitrogen sources (1%) viz ., peptone, ammonium nitrate, beef extract and yeast extract at different pH (6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) and NaCl levels (0.50, 1, 1.50 and 2%). Emulsification index and the bacterial biomass (OD 600 ) were recorded at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h intervals. Optimum condition for biosurfactant production by this bacterium was achieved when glucose and yeast extract was used as carbón and nitrogen sources, respectively  maintaining a temperature of 35 o C, pH 8 and NaCl 1.5% measured in terms of emulsification index and bacterial biomass. This is the first reported study for the biosurfactant producing bacteria from aquaculture farm soil which may find its application in various fields.
Aquatic health indicators: holistic evaluation tools for sustainable management of a tropical oxbow lake ecosystem
Authors: Ghosh Dipankar , Biswas Jayanta Kumar
Published: March 2019

Quantitative relationship of primary productivity and fish productivity and estimating aquatic health indices in tropical oxbow lake ecosystems remains to be addressed as predictors of fisheries yield in sustainable management. The aquatic health indicators and aquatic health status assessed with biological properties of phytoplankton, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, macrophytes and fish in a semi-closed tropical oxbow lake ecosystem in the eastern India were studied along with socioecological and socio-economical aspects. Five ecological classes namely phytoplankton, zooplankton, macroinvertebrate, macrophyte and fish have been championed as effective biological indicators supported by physicochemical attributes. The established aquatic health indices registered the health status as moderate to poor. Organic loading and consequent nutrient enrichment and water quality deterioration during monsoon led to more homogeneous benthic biotic assemblage. With observed diverse nature of each trophic level of the ecosystem, there occurred a downstream ‘spillover’ of diversity along the food chain. The ‘structure affecting structure’ argument goes in tune with the theory of consumers controlling species diversity. Total 38 fish productivity regression equation models explained clearly that fish abundance and productivity were declining due to high anthropogenic activities of jute retting and indiscriminate uses of fishing gears of various mesh sizes during monsoon and thereafter, which need to be regulated.
Longtail tuna fisheries in the northern Arabian Sea off the north-west coast of India: Moving towards developing spatially explicit fisheries management strategy
Authors: Mohammed Koya K. , Rrohit Prathibha , Abdussamad E.M. , Vase Vinay Kumar , Dineshbabu A.P.
Published: March 2019

Longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol, Bleeker, 1851), the largest growing species among neritic tunas have a unique distribution pattern globally. Northern Arabian Sea together with the Oman Sea and Persian Gulf in the north-western Indian Ocean is considered to be the major area where the species is abundant and form sizeable fisheries globally. India has an artisanal tuna fishery and contributes nearly 10% of the longtail tuna landing in the region, with Gujarat alone contributing nearly 80%. The paper updates on the longtail tuna fisheries in the region with focus on the north-west coast of India together with its spatial characteristics. Clues on the areas of abundance of the species along Gujarat coast over the seasons and temporal movements of different ontogenetic stages in the shelf areas are revealed. The study sets prelude to a cost effective and participatory collection of spatially referred data on the artisanal and small scale fisheries in the region.
Present status of freshwater aquaculture in India - A review
Authors: Jayasankar P.
Published: March 2019

Aquaculture is a rapidly growing fisheries sector in India with an annual growth rate of over 7%. Freshwater aquaculture contributes over 95% of the total annual aquaculture production of 5.77 million t. Technologies of induced carp breeding and polyculture of the three Indian major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) as well as ‘composite carp culture’ with the addition of three exotic carps (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Cyprinus carpio) in ponds and tanks brought about perceptible upward shift in freshwater aquaculture production. Of late, the sector has been witnessing diversification with the inclusion of medium and minor carps, catfishes and murrels. Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal are the top producers of freshwater fish through aquaculture. System diversification has resulted in optimum productivity of 3-6 t ha-1 yr-1. Public and private carp hatcheries produce around 40 billion fry. Fish requirement by 2020 is expected to touch 15 million t, of which around 9 million t would need to come from freshwater aquaculture. Input-related, social and environmental constraints of aquaculture in India need to be tackled through horizontal and vertical expansion, technology as well as climate change mitigation and adaptation, for sustainable development.
Groundwater Quality Analysis of an Emerging Part of Suburb of Pune Metropolitan Region Maharashtra India using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques
Authors: Gaikwad Satyajit , Gaikwad Suryakant , Date Dnyaneshwar , Borhade Somnath , Kandekar Avinash , Supekar Ashwini , Bhagat Ravindra , Kambale Pravin , Madale Ramdas , Raut Tushar , Kadekar Omkar
Published: March 2019

Thirty (30) groundwater samples have been collected during Pre-monsoon season-2015 to analyze the groundwater quality of Shikrapur and Talegaon Dhamdhare area. Maps were prepared for major physicochemical elements in groundwater and geomorphologic aspects using GIS and Remote Sensing techniques. Trend in cations is Na>Ca>Mg>K while in anions is Cl>HCO3>NO3>SO4. The average, Na+Ca representing 61.37% of total cations denoting major supply from weathering of plagioclase feldspar while Ca+Mg values, 67.92 % of cations contributed from olivine and pyroxene. Anions like Cl, SO4 and NO3 in groundwater is contributed from anthropogenic activities. The results were compared with WHO norms and found higher values for Electrical Conductivity (EC), Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Chloride (Cl) and Nitrate (NO3). Other elements show low to optimum values indicating good quality for drinking purposes, excluding some pockets from lower reaches. Regular quality monitoring for groundwater with rainwater harvesting is suggested to improve the quality of groundwater in the region.
HAMPT, A Novel Quadruple Drug Combination Designed for Cancer Metastatic Chemoprevention: From Hypothesis to Proof-of-concept
Authors: Xu Huo , Wan Liyuan , Xu Jianguo , Liu Jian , Zheng Ning , Jia Lee
Published: March 2019

Background:

Highly Active Metastasis Preventing Therapy (HAMPT) is a quardruple drug combination consisting of mifepristone, aspirin, lysine and doxycycline.

Objective:

Based on our previous study, here, we further proved that HAMPT could effectively and safely prevent colon cancer metastasis.

Methods:

It was specifically designed for synergistically controlling key cancer metastatic pathways. The dose of HAMPT was designed at lower than the pharmaceutically-recommended dose, and thus the sub-healthy cancer survivors may take HAMPT safely and for a long time for metastasis chemoprevention.

Results:

HAMPT within its effective concentration range (1-50 µg/mL) showed no cytotoxicity to colon cancer cells HT-29 and CT-26, but significantly inhibited adhesion and invasion of these colon cancer cell lines to human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), and to Matrigel. HAMPT exhibits a good adhesion inhibited ratio, suggesting that it functions primarily by inhibiting adhesion of the cancer cells to HUVECs, rather than killing the cancer cells. At low concentrations, HAMPT also inhibited cancer cell migration. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that HAMPT had no significant effect on cell cycle, but inhibited IL-1β-induced expression of both E-selectin of HUVECs and Sialyl-Lewis X of HT-29. The in vivo experiment showed that HAMPT suppressed metastasis of CT-26 cells to mouse lungs in a dose-dependent manner. In the mouse model, HAMPT showed advantages in preventing metastasis over other combinations.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrated that HAMPT is a novel quadruple drug combination that can safely and effectively prevent cancer metastasis.
La familia Caryophyllaceae en el estado de Aguascalientes, México
Authors: Sandoval-Ortega Manuel Higinio , Siqueiros-Delgado María Elena , Cerros-Tlatilpa Rosa , Ocampo Gilberto
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes y Objetivos: La familia Caryophyllaceae tiene una amplia distribución geográfica, especialmente en regiones templadas y cálidas del hemisferio norte. Sus especies habitan principalmente en ambientes abiertos o sitios perturbados. El objetivo del presente estudio fue llevar a cabo el inventario, documentar la distribución y realizar el tratamiento taxonómico de las especies de Caryophyllaceae presentes en el estado de Aguascalientes, México.Métodos: Se realizaron colectas en el estado de Aguascalientes a partir de agosto 2012 hasta junio 2015. En cada sitio de colecta se tomaron coordenadas geográficas con base en Datum WGS 84 y se registró el tipo de vegetación. El material colectado fue identificado por medio de claves taxonómicas especializadas y cotejado con material de herbario. Para el tratamiento taxonómico se realizaron descripciones para familia, géneros y especies, así como claves dicotómicas para su identificación. Se elaboraron mapas de distribución con base en los datos tomados en campo y de los ejemplares de herbario consultados.Resultados clave: En Aguascalientes, la familia Caryophyllaceae está representada por 11 géneros y 21 especies, de las cuales cuatro son registros nuevos para el estado. La mayor cantidad de especies se encuentra en tipos de vegetación de clima templado, principalmente bosque de Quercus y bosque mixto, seguido por matorral xerófilo y pastizales. El municipio en el que se distribuye el mayor número de especies es San José de Gracia, seguido por Calvillo. Del total de especies encontradas en el estado, cinco son endémicas de México.Conclusiones: La riqueza de géneros y especies de la familia Caryophyllaceae presentes en Aguascalientes es comparable con estados de mayor tamaño. El presente trabajo amplía el conocimiento de la flora con la que cuenta el estado y de la familia Caryophyllaceae en México.
Impacto econômico do uso racional de papel nas avaliações de uma escola em Barueri, SP
Authors: Fernandes do Santos André Luís , Ferreira Roberta Leopoldo
Published: March 2019

As instituições de ensino são grandes consumidoras de papéis em suas atividades. Há o interesse das escolas em diminuir o seu uso, devido às questões ambientais e econômicas, pois o desperdício é oneroso. Uma das estratégias para a redução no uso é realizar mudanças na formatação e impressão dos documentos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar o impacto econômico no uso de papel sulfite nas avaliações trimestrais e semestrais, com a obrigatoriedade da impressão frente e verso e formatação padrão (fonte Times New Roman 12 e texto em duas colunas), em uma instituição de ensino pública no município de Barueri, estado de São Paulo. Com essa obrigatoriedade, houve uma economia de 17.536 sulfites e com isso a instituição economizou R$ 1.363,86, portanto houve diminuição no custo de 55,85% quando comparada à impressão apenas em uma face do papel. A economia gerada possibilitou a implantação de cartões para a correção das avaliações, sem nenhum custo para a instituição, por 2,3 anos letivos. Uma simples mudança na forma da impressão, que depende apenas do uso da impressora e de um trabalho de conscientização dos educadores da instituição, trouxe benefícios econômicos. Além dos impactos econômicos e educacionais, o modelo de impressão adotado alinha a instituição às preocupações ambientais atuais.
Importância do mix de marketing nos negócios educacionais
Authors: Morais Adailton Roberto de , De Camargo Junior João Batista , De Camargo Junior João Batista , De Camargo Junior João Batista
Published: March 2019

O mix de marketing simplificado, composto pelos elementos produto, preço, praça e promoção, é uma ferramenta essencial para a obtenção de vantagem competitiva e alavancagem nas vendas de produtos e serviços. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse estudo foi identificar a importância do mix de marketing para uma empresa educacional do setor privado na comercialização de seus serviços em relação as possibilidades de alavancar as vendas e gerar vantagem competitiva. Para atingir esse objetivo foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória através de um estudo de caso, além da análise de livros e artigos acadêmicos para fundamentação do tema da pesquisa. Em relação ao elemento produto, o estudo demonstrou sua importância nas decisões de compras dos consumidores. Quanto ao preço, foi constatado que a empresa possui uma política bem definida e reconhecida pelos clientes. Através da concessão de descontos consideráveis em 2017, suas vendas foram alavancadas, o que a tornou mais competitiva frente à concorrência. Relacionado à praça, foi diagnosticado que a empresa investe em excelência e capilaridade, tornando sua oferta ainda mais acessível a todo tipo de público e ocupando o espaço da concorrência. Quanto à promoção, o estudo identificou que a empresa realiza ações promocionais pontuais visando o público de massa e que seria importante a realização de ações promocionais voltadas à segmentação do mercado. Através desses elementos, o estudo aponta que o mix de marketing tem grande importância para alavancar as vendas e conquistar vantagem competitiva.
Competitividade brasileira no comércio exterior da carne bovina
Authors: Vicensotti Jessica Maria , Sanjuan Montebello Adriana Estela , Marjotta-Maistro Marta Cristina
Published: March 2019

O trabalho teve como finalidade verificar a competitividade da carne bovina brasileira no cenário internacional e identificar quais eram os fatores que a afetaram no período ente 1994 a 2015. Para isso, o trabalho foi dividido em quatro objetivos específicos, sendo estes: estudar a cadeia produtiva da carne bovina brasileira e seu desempenho no mercado internacional, identificando as principais barreiras ao comércio internacional deste produto; calcular os indicadores de competitividade, sendo Coeficiente de Exportação, market share e Índice de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada. Os resultados alcançados mostram que o Brasil tem superado algumas fraquezas e se encontra numa posição favorável em relação ao comércio internacional de carne bovina.
MAURIAC SYNDROME WITH CELIAC DISEASE: RARE ASSOCIATION
Authors: Manish Gutch , Singh Saransh , Bhatacharya Annesh , Singh Harendra , Sukriti Kumar , Sumit Rungata
Published: March 2019

Growth failure in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus can occur for several reasons. Mauriac syndrome is a rare cause of severe growth failure in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.The classical severe presentation of Celiac Disease rarely occurs in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus patients, but more often patients have few/mild symptoms of Celiac Disease or are completely asymptomatic (silent CD). In fact diagnosis of Celiac Disease is regularly performed by means of the screening in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus patients.There may be different forms and etiologies involved in Mauriac syndrome. We hereby report a case of Mauriac syndrome in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with simultaneous celiac disease which is very rarely reported.
FORMULATION ANDEVALUATION OF TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY OF TORASEMIDE
Authors: Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Gupta Ravikant , Malipatil S M , Gupta S K
Published: March 2019

A skin patch uses a special membrane to control the rate at which the liquid drug contained in the reservoir within the patch can pass through the skin and into the bloodstream. The basic components of any transdermal delivery system include the drug(s) dissolved or dispersed in a reservoir or inert polymer matrix; an outer backing film of paper, plastic, or foil; and a pressure-sensitive adhesive that anchors the patch to the skin. The adhesive is covered by a release liner, which needs to be peeled off before applying the patch to the skin. Drugs administered via skin patches include scopolamine, nicotine, estrogen, nitroglycerin, and lidocaine.

Non-medicated patch markets include thermal and cold patches, nutrient patches, skin care patches (a category that consists of two major sub-categories-therapeutic and cosmetic), aroma patches, weight loss patches and patches that measure sunlight exposure.
Geriatric Dentistry - Surmounting the Challenges
Authors: P Dr. Ranjith Kumar , Raghavan Dr Rohit , Rahman Dr. Nadeem Abdul , S Dr. Sumitra , Vs Dr. Monisha
Published: March 2019

Geriatric dentistry is the branch of dentistry that emphasizes dental care for the elderly population and focuses upon patients with chronic physiological, physical and/or psychological changes or morbid conditions/ diseases. Gerodontics delivers dental care to older adults which involves diagnosis and treatment planning and prevention of problems associated with normal ageing and age-related diseases as an inter disciplinary manner with other medical professionals. Elderly patients are usually associated with oral manifestations due to various systemic conditions. It is important to alter the treatment mode with taking into account the psychological considerations of such patients. More stress must be given for prevention and early intervention to control the risk of oral diseases. It is important to educate dental professionals regarding the importance of geriatric services without any delay. This article makes an attempt to give the objectives, dietary guidelines and treatment considerations to meet the need of the geriatric patients.
Genetic Disorders Preventive Approach & Its Management: An Ayurvedic Review
Authors: V. Lokhande Dr. Smita , B. Patil Dr. R. , S. Patil Dr. Swapnil
Published: March 2019

The genetic disorders are the prime obstacles in the development of human being. The causative factors for these disorders are the improper formation of genotype. There are many causative factors for the derangement of genotype. Ayurvedic literature also stated about the genetic disorders as beejdosha vikara, & also there is elaboration about clearance of beej dosha. Hence in present paper the topic has been discussed.
How I Reached the Age of 65 with a Congenital Heart Disease and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Gabaev Delik D
Published: March 2019

At me congenital disease of heart and the got atherosclerosis. In this publication I describe what mode of a life and what diet have helped me without medical assistance and medicines to live till 65 years and not to go on the old-age pension.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (Von Recklinghausen´s disease) in Emergency Department
Authors: Ly-Pen Domingo , Ly Liu Diana
Published: March 2019

Neurofibromatosis is one of the most common genetic disorders. A typical picture is presented, with a brief compilation of the most common presentations of these patients in the Emergency Department.
Hyperlactatemia and Lactic Acidosis Results in Longer Stay in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and Development of Co-morbid in Post-operative Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Alam Junaid Mahmood , Ahmed, Aijaz , Sultana Ishrat , Mahmood Syed Riaz
Published: March 2019

Pathology of Hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis is convoluted, including tissue hypoxia, pulmonary abnormalities, Ischemic shock, hypohemoglobinemia and generalized an-aerobic conditions. All or any one of these conditions may have occurred due to surgical intervention, long-term cardiogeneic syndromes or after long Intensive care stay. Present study described the assessment and correlation of post-operative Hyperlactatemia in cardiac surgery patients to the longer length of stay in Intensive care units (ICUs). Pre-operative and Post operative blood samples were analyzed in seventy five (Males = 59, females = 16) cardiac surgery patients for Lactate and other biochemical parameters were according to the prescribed methods. Post-operative blood sample analyses were also performed 4-6 hrs after surgery and after 24 hrs post-operatively. Six hours postoperative assessment of lactate, showed alerted levels, manifesting post-operative complications and development of co-morbid. It was also noted that patients (n = 21) with higher lactate >20mg/dl had to stay longer in ICUs (12-18 days stay, average 16.15 ± 2.50 days) as compared to those (n = 54) with normal range of lactate level (5-9 days stay, average 7.20 ± 2.10 days). It is thus concluded that post-operative Hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis in cardiac surgery patients is a significant condition to detect poor outcome. Additionally post-operative lactate level can predict length of stay in ICUs and any prospect of developing adverse outcome and co-morbid.
Science Rewritten to Accommodate its Origin
Authors: Deans Michael T
Published: March 2019

A ferroelectric phase transition in ice at ~72 K releases latent energy as λ ~ 4 μ infrared laser light, ‘ice light’, energizing selected targets. Polarized by multiple reflection[22], it photophosphorylated deoxynucleotides, turning tropical waters into a noodle soup of chiral DNA. tRNA analogues ‘transport DNAs’, tDNAs embedded in Alexander Oparin’s lightning-charged coacervates[23] formed H-bond lined pores. Absorbed ice light created an electric field, driving a ratchet mechanism which actively imported charged carrier-substrate complexes.

All life descends from the first cell to replicate a tDNA and depends on the trace element requirements of 64 tDNA variants. They constitute life’s atomic alphabet, their substrate complexes its molecular vocabulary. The inviolable rules of active transport predate protein synthesis and enzyme catalysis. Medical, veterinary and pharmaceutical data are consistent with nine independent metabolic pathways. My account of water transport contradicts Peter Mitchell’s chemiosmotic hypothesis.[24] Trace element deficiencies disabling active transport cause most mental and physical maladies, supplements could prevent them.

‘Differentiation DNAs’, dDNAs selecting tDNAs control cells’ substrate uptake, c.f. mRNAs encode protein synthesis by selecting tRNAs. Barrels of α-helices[25] supplement tDNAs and tDNA genetics governs familial inheritance of metabolic disorders, a minion-based data base would facilitate their diagnosis. Trace element supplements would prevent heart attacks, strokes, cancers, diabetes, Alzheimer’s dementia and rarer conditions, improve health and reduce NHS expenditure.

The 189*18 arrays of proton ordered H-bonds connecting amino acid ω-amines to DNA phosphates on ‘minions’ control metabolism, serve as biological clocks, memory stores and personality biased brain chips and are basis for reinterpreting scientific dogma. Nine parallel metabolic pathways reflecting their 9-fold symmetry control metabolism. Oscillating H-bonds accelerate protons along minion tunnels, driving molecular scale nuclear fusion. Trapping the γ-rays released at source could solve current energy and pollution crises. Computers and data-bases modelled on minions promise human-friendly artificial intelligence satisfying Turing’s criteria.[26]

Comparing cybernetics, psychology and traditional wisdom suggested ‘minions’, the name connotes subservience. They comprise 189 anti-parallel β-sheet hairpins[27] with alternate neutral and basic amino acid residues and proline forming an asymmetric U-bend. They hold nine DNA base pairs flat, forming a nine-coil abacus. Evolved to pack DNA on chromosomes for efficient replication, they underpin philosophy and science, account for human intelligence and resolve many questions. My mutually consistent arguments contradict accepted dogma.
The Effect of Incisional and/or Intraperitoneal Local Anesthetic Application on Postoperative Pain during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Aydin Oguz Ugur , Aydin Eda Uysal , Dandin Ozgur , Ozer Etik Diğdem , Cekmen Nedım , Gogus Nermin
Published: March 2019

Objective - In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of levobupivacaine (LB) application by intraperitoneal, incisional, and both together on postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Materials and Methods - One hundred ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) I-II patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were recruited in the study. The patients were randomized into four groups: placebo group (P), incisional group (I), intraperitoneal group (IP), and the combined (incisional+intraperitoneal) group (C). In the postoperative period, pain in the patients during resting and coughing was evaluated after 30 min, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours by employing visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Applied analgesic quantity, shoulder pain, and the existence of nausea-vomiting were also recorded.

Results - Pain scores during resting and coughing were significantly lower in the combined group compared with others. Pain scores were similar in the incision and intraperitoneal groups, whereas in the placebo group were significantly lower. The analgesic need was lowest in the combined group and highest in the placebo group. There was no shoulder pain either in the combined or intraperitoneal groups. Nausea-vomiting rates were similar in all groups.

Conclusions - We conclude that combined application of 0.25 % levobupivacaine can be used as an effective and safe method for postoperative pain control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Protection of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Extract on Hemolysis-Induced by Plasmodium berghei Infection in ICR Mice
Authors: Borkaew Preeyanuch , Klubsri2 Chokdee , Somsak Voravuth
Published: March 2019

Hemolysis is one manifestation of Plasmodium parasite infection and well-known causes of death in severe malaria. The present study was aimed to investigate protective effect of Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract on hemolysis-induced by Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. Aqueous crude extract of G. pentaphyllum leaves was prepared using hot water method. Standard 4-day test was used to evaluate the efficacy of this extract on hemolysis during malaria infection. Groups of ICR mice (5 mice of each) were inoculated with 1x107 parasitized erythrocytes of P. berghei ANKA (PbANKA) by intraperitoneal injection, and subsequently given the extract (100, 1,000, and 3,000 mg/kg) orally by gavage twice a day for 4-consecutive days. The results showed that aqueous crude extract of G. pentaphyllum leaves exhibited significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent protection of hemolysis-induced by PbANKA. The maximum activity was observed at a dose of 3,000 mg/kg extract. Additionally, no any toxicities were found in normal mice treated with this extract. It can be concluded that aqueous crude extract of G. pentaphyllum leaves exerted protective effect on hemolysis-induced by malaria infection.
How Using Technology Enhanced Learning Could Help Modernise Traditional Large Group Teaching or Lecturing
Authors: McMullan Mrs. Johanna
Published: March 2019

The efficiency of lecturing or large group teaching has been called into question for many years. An abundance of literature details the components of effective teaching which are not provided in the traditional lecture setting, with many alternative methods of teaching recommended. However, with continued constraints on resources large group teaching is here to stay and student’s expect and are familiar with this method.

Technology Enhanced Learning may be the way forward, to prevent educators from “throwing out the baby with the bath water”. TEL could help Educator’s especially in the area of life sciences which is often taught by lectures to engage and involve students in their learning, provide feedback and incorporate the “quality” of small group teaching, case studies and Enquiry Based Learning into the large group setting thus promoting effective and deep learning.
The Progressive Study of Various Risk Factors on Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus
Authors: Ashish Shukla Yogesh Kumar Rai,
Published: March 2019

Objective - The current study have undertaken to explore the effect of various factors like non vegetarian diet, alcohol consumption, smoking and lack of physical activates which will going to an increased risk of insulin resistance

 Material and Method - The study were conducted 78 subjects of type 2 diabeties in urban and rural area of meerut city. Fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin and HOMA- IR were analyzed. Three groups of subjects were made according to no of risk factor associated with insulin resistance.

Results - The study showed that Maximum HOMA-IR value were find in group c (Non- Vegetarian, Alcoholic, smoker with less physical work activates subjects) as compared to group a (Non- Vegetarian) and group b (Non- Vegetarian with Alcoholic). It is also found there were significant correlation between HOMA-IR value and no of risk factors p < 0.001.

Conclusion - There is convincing evidence that non vegetarian diet, alcohol consumption, smoking and less physical activates are related to an increased risk factors for insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. The study concluded a significant progressive relationship between number of risk factor with respect to HOMA-IR levels which is an indices of insulin resistance.
“Filling the Void in the Web Space”- Microbiological Perspective of Toe Web Space Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Gopi Dr. Anjana , Samreen Dr. Faiza , Jain Dr. Swati , C.K. Dr. Madhulatha
Published: March 2019

Toe web space infections are the most common superficial dermatoses of the feet. They are often unnoticed and progress to cause discomfort. There is lack of enough evidence on the microbiological profile and antifungal susceptibility pattern.

Settings and Design: A prospective study was conducted between August 2015 to February 2017 in the Department of Microbiology at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods and Material: 200 samples were collected from interdigital spaces of Dermatology outpatients and inpatients. Bacterial and fungal pathogens were isolated and identified using conventional laboratory techniques. Antifungal susceptibility testing was done to determine the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by E-test. A small representative sample of Fusarium isolates were subjected to speciation by PCR and their MIC was determined by broth microdilution method for comparison.

Statistical analysis used: p value was determined by Chi square test using SPSS software.

Results: Our study demonstrated a male preponderance of 59 %, mostly between 41 to 50 years. Both the feet were affected in 43/48 (89.5 %) of the diabetic patients, the fourth web space being commonly involved. 198/200 (99%) of the samples were positive for either bacterial or fungal growth. There were a total of 156 fungal and 204 bacterial isolates. Out of 156 fungal isolates, Candida spp 62 (39.7 %) and Fusarium spp 50 (32 %) were the most common isolated yeast and mould respectively and 38 (24.3 %) dermatophyte species were isolated. Results of E-test and broth microdilution were comparable. Voriconazole and amphotericin B had lower MIC. Out of 204 bacterial isolates, Staphylococcus aureus 56 (27.4 %) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 44 (21.5 %) were the most common isolates.

Conclusions: A good microbiological diagnosis would assist in the better alleviation of the symptoms and provide accurate treatment of web space infections.
Evaluation of Lipid Profile in Premature, Near-term and Term Newborn Infants
Authors: Kurrey Dr. Ram Manohar , J. Lall Dr. Kavita , Chandrakar Dr. Karan Singh
Published: March 2019

In this study we evaluate the activity of lipid profile in premature, near term and term neonates. A total number of 68 newborn infants were selected for this study. They were delivered normally, or by caesarean section, and their gestational age was included. The infants with congenital anomalies or those, whose mothers had medical problems, were excluded from the study. The gestational age was determined according to the date of the last menstrual period, or the early ultrasound in 20 weeks of gestation. All the information related to the newborns and their mothers were recorded in the prepared forms. Following the delivery, blood samples were taken from the umbilical cord immediately, and were separated after clotting, for at least 30 min at room temperature. Serum was stored at 4°C to -80C for a maximum of 2 days, prior to the analysis. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL were analyzed by enzymatic method using auto-analyzer. Serum Total Cholesterol estimated by enzymatic kit method, Triglyceride estimated by bioluminescent assay method and HDL-cholesterol estimated by phasphotungstate precipitation method manufactured by ERBS Transasia. LDL-C and VLDL-C calculated by Friedewald formula.

The three groups were significantly different, regarding the means of age, weight and cholesterol and LDL-C level, whereas no significant difference was observed concerning the level of triglyceride and HDL-C,. Gender has no effect on the level of cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C and LDL-C in the total population and in all subgroups (P value more than 0.05). On the basis of present study we assume that the cholesterol level was higher in those with prematurity and pre-term delivery, and is also inversely correlated with the infant’s birth weight. Therefore, we believe that monitoring, observation and early-lifestyle modifications may decrease the severity of atherosclerosis in the vessels in adulthood. This study says, it is evident that the total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in premature and near term neonates was higher than a term neonates ; triglyceride and VLDL were higher in term neonates as compared to near term neonates. Fall in HDL was significantly observed in premature neonates than term neonates and near term neonates but no significance found in term and near term neonates.
Inter Caste Marriage and Indian society in the Novels of Chetan Bhagat
Authors: Tiwari Sapna
Published: March 2019

“Chetan Bhagat” is the writer of young generation. He is the writer of modern India and he has put up many problems of youth through his novels. This research paper attempts the differences of the cultures and inter caste marriages in India being portrayed in his novels. The research shows the actual picture of North and South India where the parents of the hero and the heroine think more about the society and its custom and rituals instead of the happiness of their children.
Nihilism and Nothingness in The Play Entitled The Birthday Party (1957) With Special Reference To The Existential Philosophy
Authors: Ahashan Mohammad , Tiwari Dr. Sapna
Published: March 2019

The two world-wars and its massive destruction and horror had a great impact on human mind. Inevitably complete cynicism , pessimism , alienation , nothingness , existentialism reflected in the literature of that time. Pinter's play The Birthday Party (1957)  is based on the philosophy  of existentialism which later on became the source for the " Theatre of the Absurd ". Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre gave the philosophy of existentialism according to which the universe and man's experience in it are meaningless. All attempts by human mind to understand the world are futile . All philosophical systems and religion which claim that they can enable man to make sense of the world are delusive and useless. Albert Camus in The Myth of Sisyphus  (1942) wrote :-

            " In a universe that is suddenly deprived of illusions and of light , man feels a stranger. ... This divorce between man and his life, the actor and his setting constitutes the feeling of Absurdity. "
ACTIVE LEARNING BERBANTUAN FLASHCARD UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PADA MATERI VEKTOR
Authors: Jana Padrul , Sugiyarta Andreast Wahyu
Published: March 2019

This research aims to apply Active Learning with Flashcard assisted and to improve learning outcomes in vector material for students of X MIPA 3 Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta Senior High School. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects of this research were students of class X MIPA 3 as many as 32 students. The subject of this class action research because based on observations made by the teacher during the learning process, students were still very less active. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation, tests, and documentation. The results showed that there was an increase seen from the percentage of learning completeness. Learning completeness experienced a significant increase. In the initial condition, the percentage was 28.13% then increased at the end of Cycle I to 40.63% meaning that flashcard-assisted active learning can improve student learning outcomes but still not reach the target of 80% so that it continues in Cycle II. At the end of Cycle II, there was another more significant increase to 100%, meaning that flashcard-assisted active learning is very suitable to be applied to improve learning outcomes. Thus it can be concluded that the use of Active learning models with Flashcard assisted can improve the activity and learning outcomes. This learning model can be used as an alternative for mathematics teachers in doing classroom learning creativity.
Perbaikan Sensitivitas Insulin Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 oleh Media Terkondisi Sel Punca Mesensimal
Authors: Branitamahisi Bernadia
Published: March 2019

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the highest prevalence among diabetes types, but there is no treatment that overcome obstacle in the process of surgery, rejection reactions, and increased complications that occur. The aim of this study was to investigate the insulin sensitivity improvement by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium(MSC-CM) through increased IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation (IRS-1tyr612) on the type 2 diabetic rat with and without treatment. This experimental study is purely laboratory Posttest Control Group using male Sprague Dawley rat, 7 weeks old and 150-200gram weight. Rat is divided into 3 research groups, K(-): normal control; K(+): diabetic control; P:treatment, type 2 DM rat+MSC-CM 0,1ml/200gBW ip. Giving MSC-CM is done every 3 days 10 times. On day 30 after therapy, an IRS-1tyr612 expression analysis was performed with skeletal muscle immunohistochemistry (IHC). Data analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis and Independent Sample T-test at 95% significance. Percentage of positive score of IRS-1tyr612 expression K(-)(75%)> P(62,5%)> K(+)(12,5%). Average expression of IRS-1tyr612 P(45,46±9,15)> K(-)(44,41±4,61)> K(+)(21,29±3,49) with significant difference of K(-)-K(+) and P-K(+). Giving MSC-CM may increase the expression of IRS-1tyr612 on type 2 diabetic animal model rat.

Keywords: MSC-CM, insulin sensitivity, IRS-1tyr612, type 2 DM

Abstrak: Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan tipe diabetes dengan prevalensi tertinggi, namun belum ada pengobatan yang dapat mengatasi hambatan dalam proses operasi, reaksi rejeksi, dan banyaknya komplikasi yang terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbaikan sensitivitas insulin oleh Media Terkondisi Sel Punca Mesensimal (MT-SPM) melalui peningkatan fosforilasi tirosin 612 IRS-1(IRS-1tyr612) pada tikus model DM tipe 2 dengan dan tanpa terapi. Penelitian ini eksperimental murni laboratorium Posttest Control Group menggunakan hewan uji tikus Sprague Dawley jantan usia 7 minggu dan berat badan 150-200gram. Tikus dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok penelitian, yaitu K(-): kontrol normal; K(+): kontrol diabetik; P: perlakuan, tikus DM tipe 2 + MT-SPM 0,1ml/200g bb ip. Pemberian MT-SPM dilakukan setiap 3 hari sebanyak 10 kali. Pada hari ke-30 setelah terapi, dilakukan analisis ekspresi IRS-1tyr612 dengan IHC otot skelet. Analisis data dilakukan dengan Independent Sample T-test dan Kruskal Wallis pada signifikansi 95%. Prosentase skor positif ekspresi IRS-1tyr612 K(-)(75%) > P(62,5%) > K(+)(12,5%). Rerata ekspresi IRS-1tyr612 P(45,46±9,15) > K(-)(44,41±4,61) > K(+)(21,29±3,49) dengan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik pada K(-)–K(+) dan P–K(+). Pemberian MTSPM dapat meningkatkan ekspresi IRS-1tyr612 pada tikus model DM tipe 2.

Kata kunci: MT-SPM, sensitivitas insulin, IRS-1tyr612,DM tipe 2