bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Corruption Indices: Assessing Reliability and Relevance
Authors: Shahzad Khurram , Rana Sultan Ahmad , Shair Waqas , Nadeem Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Corruption manifests in various forms and casts long shadows across nearly all economic sectors. Numerous measures, commonly known as perception indices, effectively assess corruption levels across different countries. However, each corruption index has its limitations because corruption cannot be quantified precisely. A significant drawback of perception indices is that a single corrupt act, when amplified by the media, can disproportionately influence these indices, leading to an overestimation of corruption levels. Conversely, the absence of more granular, experience-based indicators often leads to an underestimation of corruption. Neither perception-based nor experience-based indicators alone can accurately capture the full extent of corruption. While each country faces its unique challenges with corruption, the averaged and standardized techniques previously used in perception indices tend to force corruption measures into a narrow range, which has resulted in minimal changes in the values of these indices over time. In this research paper, the perception indices of corruption are critically evaluated. Since developed and developing countries have distinct social, moral, cultural, and economic foundations, it is inappropriate to compare them using the same corruption barometer. This paper discusses why policymakers cannot solely rely on perception indices.
REVOLUTIONIZING ART EDUCATION: THE ROLE OF VIRTUAL REALITY IN ADVANCING CREATIVITY AND ENGAGEMENT IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Shen Liqun
Published: November 2024

The advancements that take place in virtual reality (VR) have proven to be fruitful
for the education of art for primary section students. This is majorly because of the
interaction and customised learning process that VR is able to provide. The main
issue that has been identified in respect of providing education to primary section
students learning art through VR is the enhancement of the cleaning process. The
study analyses data gathered from parents of 200 students who are learning art
through VR in order to gain necessary responses. The data has been gathered using
a questionnaire survey method and further analysed using IBM SPSS. It has been
observed that the overload of VR can prove to be a challenge in the art education
process using VR. However, the customized education process is also an effective
medium in order to promote enhanced learning of art using VR.
Inteligencia artificial transformación, retos y prospectiva social
Authors:   Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, García Macías José Antonio , Palazuelos Rojo Isaac de Jesús ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Pérez Rivas Diego Alfredo ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
Published: November 2024

En la presente obra, se intenta abonar a una discusión que trascienda la superﬁcial dualidad entre ﬁlia y fobia. Por esa misma razón, se ha invitado a estudiosos de los más diversos campos de estudio con la ﬁnalidad de proponer una hoja de ruta para entender el impacto social de la inteligencia artiﬁcial.
Solamente a través de un camino con estas características, nos será posible romper el caparazón de las simpliﬁcaciones, para darnos cuenta que el verdadero estado del arte es más profundo que la dicotomía.
En el corazón de la inteligencia artiﬁcial existen verdadera-mente posibilidades técnicas de resolver problemas que acechan desde hace mucho tiempo a la humanidad, pero también plantea algunos riesgos que no podemos hacer a un lado.
A lo largo de los apartados del presente libro, los autores plantean estos diversos escenarios en el campo de la ecología, la educación, la psicología, la agricultura, la medicina y hasta la ﬁlosofía o la historia.
Las posibilidades de una IA indígena
Authors:   El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Matus Ruiz Maximino
Published: November 2024

A lo largo de los años la ciencia occidental ha fortalecido la hipótesis de que el cerebro y la conciencia se encuentran ubicados dentro de un dispositivo biológico; el cuerpo humano contenido por la membrana sensorial más extensa que posee, es decir, la piel. Fuera de este dispositivo biológico la conciencia desaparece. Siguiendo esta hipótesis, la conciencia estaría ocupando (Ingold, 2015) el cuerpo humano como territorio conquistado por una red jerárquica de órganos que acrecientan su importancia según van alcanzando mayor altura; de estómagos sucios asociados con instintos animales bajos, a mentes altamente refinadas según la perspectiva aristotélica (Matus, 2015). Es decir, que, desde la filosofía occidental tradicional, la conciencia no solo se encuentra contenida en el cuerpo humano, sino que esta además se encuentra específicamente localizada en el cerebro, el órgano más alto.
Representaciones Sociales e Imaginarios Sociales Sobre la IA en el Entorno Educativo
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Suárez Estavillo Ulises , Castañeda García Héctor Ignacio ,   Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa
Published: November 2024

Desde los albores del cine hasta las narrativas contemporáneas, la inteligencia artificial (IA) ha tejido un tapiz complejo de imaginarios en la mente colectiva. Desde la mítica Metrópolis (Lang, 1927) hasta el éxito taquillero de Avengers: Age of Ultron (Weedon, 2015), la humanidad ha proyectado sus sueños y temores en la figura de la IA. Estas construcciones simbólicas, moldeadas por obras icónicas como Yo, Robot (Asimov, 1950) y Terminator (Cameron, 1984), han evolucionado para convertirse en representaciones sociales arraigadas en la psique colectiva.
La presente investigación pretende hacer una exploración de las representaciones sociales sobre la IA, enfocándose en un contexto educativo específico: la Licenciatura en Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Desde la llegada de ChatGPT en noviembre de 2022, las conversaciones en torno a la IA se han intensificado, y estas representaciones sociales se han vuelto más palpables que nunca.
Los límites de la aplicación de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en la gobernanza: una aproximación desde la política pública urbana y la cibernética social
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Carreón Corona Alfredo Leonardo , Kelly Torreblanca Luis Gustavo ,   Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa
Published: November 2024

La discusión en torno al uso de la tecnología y su participación en el desarrollo de las estructuras sociales y en la toma de decisiones políticas no es una novedad; las corrientes del pensamiento crítico en la sociología y la filosofía que van desde la Crítica de la economía política de Marx (1990), pasando por obras puntuales como la Crítica de la razón instrumental (Horkheimer, 1973) y algunos de los últimos textos de la tradición de la teoría crítica como es el caso de Jürgen Habermas (1986; 2002) y Herbert Marcuse (1984) son muestra de una larga tradición abocada a describir las consecuencias del desarrollo científico y tecnológico en la economía, la cultura, la política y, en general, en la sociedad. A las posturas críticas de la academia se suman las de la literatura, algunas de las cuales han inspirado sus homónimos del cine, Yo, Robot (1950) de Asimov, particularmente en “El conflicto evitable”; y Colossus: el proyecto Forbin (Jones, 1966; Sargent, 1970), en las que de manera más clara y comprensiva se ilustran los terrores imaginados de su época frente al desarrollo de la tecnología computacional y la robótica.
Sistemas de predicción de lenguas visogestuales basados en IA y su aplicación en la Lengua de Señas Mexicana (LSM)
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Hernández-Santana Guillermo , López-Nava Irvin Hussein ,   Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada
Published: November 2024

Es indudable que a partir del desarrollo de la inteligencia artificial (IA) y los sistemas de procesamiento de lenguaje natural (PLN), las computadoras comenzaron a comprender, interpretar y generar lenguaje humano en sus diversas formas, sin embargo, estos sistemas cuentan con un mayor desarrollo en relación con las lenguas orales que a las lenguas de modalidad visogestual. Esto responde a la colección de datos lingüísticos que contamos en la actualidad, la cual, es significativamente mayor en lenguas orales que señadas. Es decir, que el desarrollo de la IA y del PLN tiene en la actualidad avances importantes en cuanto a la capacidad de las máquinas para interpretar y generar texto en diversos contextos, desde traductores automáticos hasta asistentes virtuales, pasando por chatbots.
Inteligencia Artificial Generativa (IAG). El nuevo paradigma en el diseño y producción de contenido
Authors:   Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente, García Llamas Juan José
Published: November 2024

De acuerdo con Thomas Kuhn, un paradigma es un conjunto de “realizaciones científicas universalmente reconocidas que, durante cierto tiempo, proporcionan modelos de problemas y soluciones a una comunidad…” (1962, p. x). Además, este autor presentó la noción de ciencia normal vs. ciencia extraordinaria. La primera, ciencia normal, se desarrolla dentro de un paradigma previamente establecido, mientras que en los períodos extraordinarios entran en crisis los paradigmas existentes. A pesar de que estas ideas fueron expuestas por Kuhn en 1962, en su libro La estructura de las revoluciones científicas, resultan de suma importancia para entender actualmente el impacto que ha tenido y tendrá la inteligencia artificial (IA) en nuestras vidas, especialmente en el área laboral.
La IA en la salud
Authors:   Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas Aplicadas de la Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Beltrán Márquez Jessica
Published: November 2024

Un componente especialmente destacado en la transformación tecnológica de los últimos años es la inteligencia artificial (IA), cuyos avances han convertido en realidad lo que hace poco tan solo era parte de la imaginación. Estos progresos han dejado su huella en diversos aspectos de nuestras vidas, incluyendo la esfera crucial de la salud. Resulta fascinante y, a la vez, asombroso constatar que hoy en día existen individuos que nacieron en una época en la que las vacunas para enfermedades como la polio o el sarampión aún no eran una realidad y que, gracias a avances multidisciplinarios, entre ellos la IA, estas personas han sido testigos de avances impresionantes, como un rápido desarrollo que condujo a la creación de una vacuna contra el covid-19, poniendo fin a una amenaza pandémica que afectaba a la sociedad e incluso otros avances que parecen sacados de la ciencia ficción.
Entre la ciencia y la subjetividad: Reflexiones sobre la medición de la inteligencia y la conciencia
Authors:   Centro de investigación científica y de educación superior de Ensenada, BC, Chávez González Edgar Leonel
Published: November 2024

La experiencia humana, mediada tanto por los sentidos como por el len-guaje, es un complejo entramado de percepciones subjetivas y comunicaciones matizadas. Aunque nuestros sentidos nos proporcionan la percepción directa del mundo, es a través del lenguaje que expresamos y compartimos estas experiencias. Sin embargo, el lenguaje, a pesar de ser nuestra herramienta más efectiva para la comunicación, no está exento de sus propias complejidades y ambigüedades.
El lenguaje, en su esfuerzo por capturar la riqueza de la experiencia sensorial humana, a menudo se encuentra limitado por su propia naturaleza. Las palabras y frases pueden tener múltiples significados y pueden ser interpretadas de maneras diversas dependiendo del contexto cultural, personal y emocional del hablante y del oyente. Esta ambigüedad inherente al lenguaje añade otra capa de complejidad a la ya desafiante tarea de comunicar y medir con precisión las experiencias humanas.
Hacia la conciencia en inteligencia artificial: Un viaje por la evolución hasta las redes neuronales artificiales
Authors:   Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas AC, Rivera Mariano
Published: November 2024

En un sentido amplio podemos entender a la inteligencia como la capacidad de aprender, adaptarse, planear, resolver y crear. Esta ha sido una herramienta crucial para la supervivencia y el éxito evolutivo de varias especies. En el caso de los humanos, la inteligencia facilitó la supervivencia al permitir mejoras en las técnicas de caza y de recolección. También, fomentó el desarrollo de habilidades sociales complejas, como el lenguaje y la cooperación. Tempranamente, los Homo sapiens (nuestra especie) usaron su inteligencia para crear herramientas, desarrollar estrategias de caza y establecer sistemas sociales complejos, lo que les proporcionó ventajas significativas sobre otras especies. Tomasello (2009) proporciona una visión de cómo y por qué las habilidades sociales y la inteligencia evolucionaron en los humanos. Como lo sugiere Dunbar (1998), el desarrollo y crecimiento del cerebro en los homínidos fue el resultado de la necesidad de procesar, manejar y recordar relaciones sociales complejas.
INCREASING STUDENTS’ LISTENING CAPABILITY BY USING AUDIO VISUAL AT 8TH GRADE STUDENTS OF MTs AL – HIDAYAH BEKASI
Authors: DINA LUSIANA
Published: November 2024

This research is aimed to find out (1) the implementation of listening skills in asking and giving opinion using audio visual media at the eighth grade students‟ of MTs AL – Hidayah Bekasi in the Academic Year of 2023/2024. (2) To find out whether the use of audio visual can improve the students‟ listening skill at the eighth grade students‟ of MTs AL – Hidayah Bekasi in the Academic Year of 2023/2024. The research design of this study was Classroom Action Research (CAR). It was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of planning, action, test, observation, and documentation. The results of this research showed that (1) the implementation of audio visual media to improve students’ listening skills in asking and giving opinion as a material was going smoothly. In the process students paid attention, completed the task, more enthusiastic and not got bored quickly. The teacher also taught and gave material well. (2) There was improvement of students‟ listening skills using audio visual media. It was shown in the result of the research. The mean of pre-test and post-test cycle I was 65,5 to 69. The mean of pre-test and post-test cycle II were 72 to 85.3. The percentages the students who pass the passing grade were 25% in the pre-test I, 85.7% in the post-test I. 85.7% pre-test II, and 100% in the post-test cycle II. It showed that the students‟ percentages who got score higher than the passing grade of post-test cycle II is higher than post-test cycle I. The result of the t-test of cycle I was 3,769 and cycle II was 4,408. The t- test of cycle I and II were higher than t-table , t-test > t-table, so the result was significant. It means that the use of audio visual media improved students‟ listening skills.
Kajian Etnomatematika pada Komunitas Desa Manglusi di Kabupaten Kepulauan Tanimbar
Authors: Moses Feninlambir  , Martha Feninlambir  , Amamsakme Fininlambir
Published: November 2024

Desa Manglusi adalah salah satu desa terpencil di Kabupaten Kepulauan Tanimbar, Provinsi Maluku dan memiliki hasil alam begitu banyak, baik didaratan maupun lautan. Secara tidak langsung, masyarakat desa manglusi telah melakukan beragam aktifitas yang berkaitan dengan matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan budaya masyarakat Desa Manglusi yang berkaitan dengan matematika serta mendeskripsikan hasil eksplorasi etnomatematika pada aktivitas membilang. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian eksploratif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Data dikumpulkan dengan berpedoman pada pedoman observasi dan wawancara. Subyek penelitian adalah 10 orang yang merupakan pembeli dan 5 orang sebagai penjual. Dalam penelitian ini analisis data yang dilakukan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Data yang dianalisis pada penelitian adalah hasil wawancara yang dilakukan oleh peneliti terhadap subjek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Desa Manglusi secara sadar maupun tidak sadar telah melakukan aktivitas matematika, khususnya pada materi operasi hitung bentuk aljabar dalam kegiatan jual beli yang dilakukan melalui aktivitas membilang dan menghitung yang meliputi penjumlahan, pengurangan, perkalian, dan pembagian.
TRADISI TA’ZIR DI PESANTREN SEBAGAI PENDUKUNG ATAS TUNTUTAN KEDISIPLINAN SANTRI (STUDI KASUS PONDOK PESANTREN NURUL HUDA BANIN SIMBANG KULON, BUARAN, PEKALONGAN)
Authors: Aqil Muhammad , Rifai Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Tujuan artikel ini yaitu untuk mengetahui seberapa pengaruh ta’zir terhadap kedisiplinan santri pondok pesantren Nurul Huda Banin Simbang Kulon Pekalongan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengambil data primer dari lapangan secara langsung. penelitian disebut dengan field research atau penelitian lapangan. Adapaun pendekatanya dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menyajikan data-data dalam bentuk verbal dari hasil usaha pengamatan dan penelaahan atas fenomena sosial. Penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif ini dilakukan dengan berinteraksi langsung terhadap orang-orang yang terlibat dalam fenomena tersebut dengan maksud agar dapat mengerti, memahami, dan mencerna makna suatu peristiwa tersebut kemudian menghasilkan Data berupa deskripsi tentang konsep ta'zir ala pesantren berdasarkan fakta dan analisa. Dari hasil penelitian ini terbukti bahwa ta’zir ini berpengaruh terhadap kedisiplinan santri pondok pesantren Nurul Huda.
PENGUATAN LITERASI GURU DALAM PEMBINAAN AKHLAK SISWA DENGAN MODEL MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL OF COPING WITH BULLYING DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Authors: Lalu Asriadi  , Ziyad
Published: November 2024

Kasus intimidatif  dapat terjadi dimana saja, pada skala kecil atau menengah dengan berpotensi mengganggu atau tidak, yang pasti tindakan bullying perlu diantisipasi sebelum menjadi masalah yang dapat menganggu keharmonisan siswa di sekolah. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegah potensi bullying tersebut adalah dengan menguatkan literasi guru tentang model pencegahan bullying yakni Multidimensional Model Of Coping With Bullying (MMBC). Pengabdian ini memfokuskan pada penguatan literatur guru tentang MMCB yang akan dilaksanakan di MI Nurul Karim NW Kebon Ayu Lombok Barat. Kegiatan pengabdian ini menggunakan metode FGD dan workshop sehingga dapat memberikan keleluasaan bagi guru untuk memperoleh informasi yang tepat. Adapaun tiga tahapan yaitu pesiapan, pelaksanaan dan monitoring. Hasil pengabdian menggambarkan bahwa bullying dianggap sebagai aktivitas yang tidak membahayakan manakala tidak menimbulkan perselisihan antar siswa yang berujung pada keterlibatan orang tua. Anak terbiasa saling bermain dengan temannya di rumah, secara umum lokasi antar siswa tidak terlalu jauh. Walaupun demikian perilaku ini harus ditanggapi dengan serius. Potensi perselisihan antar siswa dapat menjadi masalah yang sulit dikendalikan kalau tidak diberikan pemahaman secara komperhensif melalui berbagai program pembinaan akhlaq anak. Literasi model MMBC ini membuat guru memiliki tambahan literasi dalam menangani potensi bullying anak.
UPAYA GURU DALAM MENERAPKAN PROFIL PELAJAR RAHMATAN LIL ALAMIN DI MIN 3 KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Lalu Asriadi  , Holida Yusfiana
Published: November 2024

Madrasah adalah lembaga pendidikan yang memiliki misi untuk menyediakan pendidikan berbasis Islam, Oleh karena itu, penting untuk memahami bagaimana guru di madrasah mengintegrasikan konsep rahmatan lil alamin dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran mereka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui upaya guru dalam penguatan profil pelajar rahmatan lil alamin dan mengetahui nilai-nilai apa saja yang ditanamkan dalam penguatan profil pelajar rahmatan lil alamin. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi,wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini yaitu kepala sekolah, guru dan siswa. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah  Pengumpulan data, Reduksi data, penyajian data, dan Vertifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1)Penerapkan Profil Pelajar Rahmatan Lil’Alamin  dilakukan melalui  Sholat Dhuha Berjamaah, Sholat Zuhur Berjamaah, Program Da’i Cilik, Mengaji Iqra, Tahfidz, Tilawah (2) Nilai-Nilai yang Terkandung di Dalam Program penguatan Profil Pelajar Rahmatan Lil’alamin yaitu Berkeadaban  Nilai Keteladanan, Nilai Kewarganegaraan dan Kebangsaan, Nilai Berimbang ,Nilai  Lurus dan Tegas , Nilai Kesetaraan, Nilai Dinamis dan Inovatif .
INTERNALISASI NILAI KARAKTER BERBASIS DAQU METHOD PADA PESERTA DIDIK DI LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH
Authors: Zubaidi  , Zukhruful Irbah
Published: November 2024

This study examines the impact of the Daqu Method on students in Daarul Qur'an Indonesia Elementary School. The method includes seven pillars: congregational prayer, heart and attitude guarding, Tahajud, dhuha, qobliyah, and ba'diyah; memorizing and contemplating the Qur'an; alms and Sunnah fasting; learning and teaching; prayer and prayer requests. This study uses a literature review strategy or library study, where the author collects relevant articles, journals, books, and papers and interprets them into one study. This study shows that instilling religious values through the Daqu Method in elementary education affects students' personalities, inspiring them with religious, social, and noble values. In addition to the above impacts, students exhibit empathy compassion, and want to serve others. They theoretically and practically grasp the Daqu method's character principles daily. Daqu Method, Character Values, Students, Schools
Funcionamiento familiar e inteligencia emocional en adolescentes
Authors: Pérez Llamuca Pedro Steven , García Ramos Diana Carolina
Published: November 2024

El presente estudio sobre el funcionamiento familiar e inteligencia emocional en adolescentes, tiene como objetivo analizar la relación en adolescentes de 15 a 18 años, en una institución educativa. Tiene un enfoque cuantitativo un diseño no experimental de tipo transversal y correlacional, con en una muestra de 173 estudiantes, quienes fueron evaluados mediante el Test de Funcionamiento Familiar FFSIL y el Inventario de Inteligencia Emocional de Baron (I-CE). Los resultados mostraron una correlación positiva moderada (Rho = 0.524, p < 0.001) entre el funcionamiento familiar y la inteligencia emocional. Los adolescentes con un entorno familiar más funcional presentan niveles más altos de inteligencia emocional. Además, se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre sexos, los hombres presentaron mayores puntuaciones en inteligencia emocional en relación a las mujeres. Las implicaciones prácticas de estos hallazgos sugieren la importancia de fomentar un ambiente familiar saludable para promover el bienestar emocional en adolescentes.
Utilizing Kohonen Maps in Electromyography Recognition System for Upper Limb Prosthetics
Authors:   College of Electrical and Electronic Technology Benghazi - Libya, Busedra Hanan Fathi , El Gehani Amal A. ,   College of Electrical and Electronic Technology Benghazi - Libya, Mohamed Sundes B.K. ,   Electronic Prostheses Engineering Team, Gawedar Akram ,   Electronic Prostheses Engineering Team
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on evaluating a specific type of artificial neural network known as Kohonen Map (KM) or Self-Organizing Map (SOM), for the characterization of Electromyography datato utilize in upper limb prosthetics. Prosthetic devices aim to assist individuals by restoring some of the functions of a lost limb. Significant research has been dedicated to developing artificial hands that replicate the capabilities of human hands. However, the complexity of the human hand makes it difficult to imitate. Various classifiers have been investigated to enhance the performance of prosthetic hands. In this work, the Kohonen map was utilized on a dataset obtained from a sensor which was built bya local research team called Electronic Prostheses Engineering Team (EPET). This dataset includes 36data sets representing open and closed hand movements from three individuals. Experiments were conducted to classify two hand gesture types open and closed for three individuals, and results displayed as 2D maps indicate that an accuracy exceeding 97% was achievable.
Keywords: upper limp prosthesis, Kohonen map, Self Organizing map.
The Role of Education in the Formation of Character and Noble Morals from the Perspective of the Qur’an
Authors: Abdul Muid  , Nasrulloh Nasrulloh
Published: November 2024

This research aims to describe the role of education in the formation of noble character and morals based on the perspective of the Qur'an. The Qur'an as the main source of Islamic teachings emphasizes the importance of holistic education, which not only focuses on the intellectual aspect but also includes moral and spiritual development. The method used in this study is a literature study, by analyzing interpretations and related literature that discusses the relationship between education, morality, and character. The results of the study show that there are several implications in the formation of character and noble morals from the perspective of the Qur'an, such as: 1) Education as a process of self-purification (Tazkiyah), 2) Character formation through parental advice to children. 3) Building character with positive traits and attitudes. 4) Education as a process of noble moral development. This research concludes that education based on the principles of the Qur'an has a crucial role in creating individuals who are not only intellectually intelligent, but also have noble ethics, which ultimately contributes to the creation of a harmonious and civilized society.
Pengembangan Koperasi Multi Pihak sebagai Instrumen Inklusif dalam Meningkatkan Daya Saing dan Berkelanjutan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM)
Authors: Maria Natalia Detryesi  , Maryana Rohima  , Nadya Tabitha  , Putri Alifah Avrilya
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengenali manfaat koperasi Multi Pihak dalam konteks UMKM, serta mengeksplorasi bagaimana dapat diperkuat kolaborasi untuk menciptakan ekosistem yang mendukung pertumbuhan UMKM. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa koperasi multi pihak dapat meningkatkan akses UMKM terhadap Modal, Teknologi, dan Pasar, serta meningkatkan efisiensi operasional melalui skala ekonomi dan kolaborasi yang lebih baik. Dengan demikian, koperasi multi pihak dapat menjadi solusi strategis untuk mendorong UMKM yang berkelanjutkan dan daya saing ditengah tantangan globalisasi dan transformasi ekonomi.
Первые результаты исследования мастерской церковно-художественной живописи В. И. Колупаева
Authors: Т.Т. Чаленко
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена исследованию творческого наследия московского иконописца 2-й половины XIX – начала XX в. Василия Ивановича Колупаева. Приводится обзор деятельности иконописца и его мастерской церковно-художественной живописи. В рамках статьи впервые приводятся сведения о ранее неизвестных произведениях и демонстрируются выявленные к настоящему времени объекты. Особое внимание уделено биографической информации, вопросам стиля и творческому взаимодействию мастера с другими деятелями культуры.

The article is devoted to the study of the oeuvre of the Moscow icon painter of the 2nd half of the 19th – early 20th centuries Vasily Kolupaev. The article presents an overview of the activities of the icon painter and his workshop of church painting. For the first time, the article provides information about previously unknown works and demonstrates the projects identified so far. The article pays special attention to historical data, issues of style and creative interactions of the master with other cultural figures.
Социалистический реализм в изобразительном искусстве СССР. Взгляд из ХХI века
Authors: Д.Я. Северюхин
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена истории становления и развития метода социалистического реализма в изобразительном искусстве – принципа, который предполагал «правдивое изображение действительности в ее революционном развитии» и оказал доминирующее влияние на советское искусство. Зарождение этого принципа в сфере изобразительного искусства относится к началу 1920-х гг., а кристаллизация его официально утвержденной формулы произошла в 1932–1934 гг. В статье делается попытка взвешенного и беспристрастного осмысления сложного и во многом драматического периода нашей культурной истории.

The article is devoted to the history of the formation and development of the method of socialist realism in visual arts - a principle that assumed “a truthful depiction of reality in its revolutionary development” and had a dominant influence on Soviet art. The origin of this principle in the field of fine art dates back to the early 1920s, and the crystallization of its officially approved formula occurred in 1932–1934. The article makes an attempt at a balanced and impartial comprehension of a complicated and in many ways dramatic period of our cultural history.
The Impact of Using Waiting Lines on Logistics Services at Port Sudan Port: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Abdelgadir Somaia Osman Mohamed , Ahmed Ahmed Osman Ibrahim
Published: November 2024

The topic of waiting lines and its impact on logistics services at Port Sudan Port was addressed after the researchers noticed the size of the congestion of goods and the suffering of customers due to the delay in receiving their various shipments, as well as the long wait of ships until they are unloaded at Port Sudan South Port. The research aimed to provide an explanation of how waiting times affect the efficiency of logistics operations at the port. The research was based on the hypothesis of examining the expected effects of the average waiting time. The research relied on interviews, observation and surveys as a method of collecting information. The study reached a set of results, perhaps the most prominent of which is: The length of the waiting period was higher than its normal rates prevailing in various regional ports in neighboring countries, not to mention the global ones that are characterized by high operational efficiency. This indicates the importance of this study being followed by more studies that should be concerned with analyzing the reasons for this significant delay in handling compared to regional ports around Sudan. As previously mentioned, the study recommends conducting research and analytical studies in this regard by working on developing a quantitative model that helps port officials manage logistics services better, which will contribute to solving many problems related to logistics management as well as achieving more customer satisfaction, especially if we know that this port can be a window for a number of neighboring countries that suffer from the lack of an outlet to the sea, such as (South Sudan, Ethiopia and Chad).
Comparative Analysis of the Social Responsibility of Universities in the UK and Kazakhstan
Authors: Kaldybay Kainar , Sanat Kumarbekuly , Aitenov Zhasulan , Koishina Akmaral , Kelgembayeva Bakytzhan , Kassymbek Aliya
Published: November 2024

The scientific project addresses the issue of social responsibility of Kazakhstani and British universities. It is not for nothing that today the social responsibility of universities is seen as the third mission after education and research. We believe that this is a reflection of the growing influence of universities on the development of society and states, and, most importantly, an increase in requirements for the quality of Education. On this issue, a comparative analysis of the medium and long-term development strategies, plans and other current regulations of universities selected as case studies was carried out using a content analysis approach. Interviews were conducted with persons involved in these educational institutions and a review of the practical implementation of the University's social responsibility was conducted. The analysis shows that in the documents outlined by the goals of some Kazakhstani universities today little attention is paid to many aspects of Social Responsibility, whereas in some, on the contrary, there is a high experience of implementing social responsibility through the institutionalization of UNESCO Sustianable Development Goals set out in the document "transforming the world: on the agenda in the field of sustainable development until 2030" (UNESCO 2015.
Effect of Different Nitrogen Rates and Plant Densities on Corn Growth, Yield, and Weed Composition in Laghman Province
Authors: Zahid Obadurahman , Safi Samiullah , Tanha Jamal
Published: November 2024

Applying sufficient nitrogen is a key factor for plant growth and yield development. A field study was conducted in 2022 at the research farm of the Agriculture Faculty, Laghman University, to assess the effects of two planting densities, D1 (75 cm x 20 cm) and D2 (65 cm x 20 cm), and four nitrogen rates, N1 (120 kg N/ha), N2 (140 kg N/ha), N3 (160 kg N/ha), and N4 (180 kg N/ha), on the growth and yield parameters of the corn variety GWG888, as well as on weed composition. Results showed that both nitrogen rates and planting densities significantly affected corn growth, yield, and weed composition. Plant height, leaf count, cob count, cob length, and dry matter yield were maximized with a nitrogen rate of 160 kg N/ha (N3). Meanwhile, the highest weed species diversity and population were observed at 180 kg N/ha (N4). The higher planting density (65 cm x 20 cm) reduced plant height and leaf number but significantly increased dry matter yield. These findings suggest that the optimal nitrogen rate for improved corn growth and yield in Laghman Province is 160 kg N/ha with a planting density of 75 cm x 20 cm.
Evaluating the Yield Performance of Eight Cotton Improved Varieties with Two Local in the Agro-Ecological Zone Western, Kandahar
Authors: Ahmadi Noor Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a crucial crop that produces fluffy fiber essential for the global textile industry. Cottonseed is also a valuable raw material for oil and feed industries due to its high protein content. This study compared nine varieties (Namken, Agosta, N726, Turkish, CD-401, Acala 151799, Blanka, Paloma, and Acala 1517-75) with two local standard cultivars (F-108 and Acala) to identify highly adaptable and sustainable varieties for regional and global markets based on yield performance. The trial was conducted in 2018 at the Kokaron research farm in Kandahar, a semi-arid region. The experiment was established by ARIA using a randomized complete block design with four replications, with each plot measuring 12 m². Results revealed that Agosta produced the highest cottonseed yield, followed by Namken. Furthermore, Agosta achieved the highest total yield, with Namken, Blanka, Paloma, and N726 following in descending order among all tested varieties. Fiber length varied significantly among all varieties under investigation. In conclusion, eight varieties (Agosta, Namken, Blanka, Paloma, N726, Turkish, Acala 151799, and CD-401) demonstrated higher economic production compared to the regional standard varieties, with Agosta emerging as the most promising variety for the research area.
Effects of Elevated CO2 on Rice Harvest Components
Authors: Salihi Mohammad Sadiq
Published: November 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has long been a staple food for people across various nations, particularly in Asia. Climate change and rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels now have diverse impacts on crop performance worldwide. Since CO₂ is a key factor in photosynthesis, it enhances productivity and yield. This study investigated the effects of elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) on rice yield improvement. Using a novel approach, rice seedlings were only exposed to high CO₂ levels during the early vegetative stage. The treatments included eCO₂ (600 to 800 µmol mol⁻¹), ambient CO₂ [aCO₂ (410-415 µmol mol⁻¹)], and a control under field conditions. Following treatment with eCO₂, the seedlings were transplanted into a rain shelter in a two-factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD). Results showed that tiller number per plant, panicle number per plant, and panicle length increased by 18.38%, 20.96%, and 14.15%, respectively, with eCO₂. Additionally, filled grain per panicle and grain yield increased by 15.30% and 47.48%, respectively. In conclusion, eCO₂ treatment significantly improved rice yield components during the seedling stage. Applying eCO₂ sustainably could increase rice yield, supporting Afghanistan in achieving rice self-sufficiency in the future. Temporary eCO₂ treatment on rice seedlings may enhance rice production, improving farmers' incomes and living standards.
Innovative Approaches for Afghanistan's Agricultural Water Management
Authors: Rahmani Hezbullah
Published: November 2024

Due to the difficulties of water shortages and climate change, innovative water management solutions in agriculture are essential for food security, environmental sustainability, and economic viability. This study addresses several innovative techniques for agricultural water management in Afghanistan, considering specific issues in the region. Afghanistan's dependency on imported food reveals the ineffectiveness of the irrigation system, as well as a lack of new agricultural technologies and infrastructure. This study was conducted at the Paktika Higher Education Institute to analyze key irrigation challenges and provide innovative approaches to water management in Afghanistan's agriculture. Sixty-nine agricultural faculty students participated in the study. The primary data for this quantitative descriptive study were collected through questionnaires. SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data. The analytical methods used were frequency and percentage. According to the findings, the key problems were drought, lack of a plan for managing water in agriculture, failure to apply water management regulations, lack of modern irrigation systems, and farmers' lack of knowledge regarding crop water requirements. Water management in Afghanistan's agriculture can be enhanced by precision agriculture, rainwater collection, the reuse of treated wastewater, conservation tillage, crop rotation, cover crops, smart irrigation, and drip and sprinkler irrigation systems.
Climate-Smart Agriculture: A Path to Sustainable Food Production
Authors: Khan Nuzhat , Kamaruddin Mohamad Anuar , Sheikh Usman Ullah , Paend Bakht Muhammad , Haji Mohd Mohd Norzali
Published: November 2024

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is an integrated approach to farming that focuses on increasing agricultural productivity, enhancing resilience to climate change, and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while ensuring sustainability and food security. This systematic literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines explores the key role of CSA in addressing the challenges of climate change within the context of global food production. It investigates the impacts of climate change on agriculture, emphasizing disruptions to weather patterns, extreme events, and the consequent threats to food security. The paper discusses the core principles of CSA, highlighting sustainable intensification, climate resilience, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions after an in-depth analysis of 20 articles selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. Moreover, a range of CSA practices and technologies is evaluated with a specific emphasis on research conducted over the past five years. In addition, insights into the potential of CSA practices are provided to enhance agricultural productivity while maintaining environmental sustainability. Case studies from diverse regions demonstrating the practical benefits of CSA are also included in the review. Furthermore, the paper addresses policy support and existing challenges in promoting CSA, as reported during 2018-2023. Finally, it emphasizes the need for future advancements and interdisciplinary collaboration to mitigate the negative impact of climate change on global food security. This comprehensive study lays the foundation for implementing a sustainable and resilient framework by transforming conventional agriculture into CSA.
de Nova Whole Genome Sequencing of Marssonina Juglandis Causing Walnut (Juglandis Regia L.) Anthracnose and Development of PCR-Based Diagnosis Using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers
Authors: Shah Mehraj
Published: November 2024

Walnut anthracnose, caused by Marssonina juglandis, is one of the economically important diseases of walnuts worldwide. The pathogen is a filamentous fungus belonging to the class Leotiomycetes. In this study, we isolated and purified the Marssonina juglandis from walnut leaves collected from the walnut orchard of SKUAST-Kashmir. The whole genome of the pathogen was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq NGS platform. The whole genome of the pathogen was found to be 63.6354 Mb in size with 1916 scaffolds, 12086 genes, 205 total tRNAs, and 6884 SSRs containing 5861 SSRs with 150 flanking regions. A phylogenetic analysis using whole-genome alignment revealed that Marssonina juglandis is closely related to Cryphonectria parasitica and Coniella lustricola. The BlastP analysis using Uniprot, Pfam, and KOG showed 7612, 5515, and 5163 protein hits out of 12086 proteins. The total number of genes responsible for biological processes, molecular function, and cellular components were 1583, 1429, and 1843, respectively. In the Venn diagram, 3912 genes were found to be common in all three software, namely Uniprot, Pfam, and KOG including NR. In addition, we developed the SSR markers based on the whole genome and standardized them against 25 isolates of the Marssonina juglandis collected, isolated, and purified from the walnut-infected leaves in Jammu and Kashmir, India. Out of 30 randomly selected SSRs, 17 SSRs showed successful PCR amplification in 25 pathogen isolates that were found to be highly polymorphic. Further, a PCR-based detection protocol using SSR markers was also developed for early detection of the disease in the field for timely management. We found two primers that could successfully amplify the pathogen in DNA extracted directly from the infected walnut leaves.
Exploring the Multi-dimensional Impact of Insects on the Green Revolution
Authors: Nazari Abdul Hamid , Abdullah Zal Khan , Malakza Mohammad Yar
Published: November 2024

The Green Revolution marks a significant era of agricultural advancement in the mid-20th century, playing a vital role in addressing global food security challenges. While the contributions of crop breeding, mechanization, and agrochemical use to this movement are well-recognized, insects' complex and varied impact remains less explored. This paper highlights insects' diverse roles during this transformative period. Drawing on a range of scientific research, scholarly publications, and online scientific databases, this review examines insects' beneficial and detrimental influences on the Green Revolution. Pollinators like bees and butterflies supported crop fertilization, boosting yields and preserving genetic diversity. At the same time, pest insects pose serious threats to crop productivity, often resulting in considerable losses if uncontrolled. Developing and applying insecticides were pivotal in mitigating these risks and safeguarding crops against destructive pests. Insects also shaped the ecological balance within agricultural systems; predatory insects, like ladybugs and lacewings, naturally controlled pest populations, reducing dependency on synthetic insecticides. Decomposers, such as dung beetles, contributed to nutrient recycling and soil health, indirectly supporting crop growth. However, the Green Revolution’s reliance on high-yielding crop varieties and intensive farming practices unintendedly affected insect populations and biodiversity. The widespread adoption of monocultures and heavy pesticide use led to habitat loss and a decline in insect diversity, which may disrupt ecosystem services and affect long-term sustainability. Understanding the multifaceted role of insects in the Green Revolution is essential for guiding sustainable agricultural practices in the future.
Molecular Characteristics for Identification of Fusarium Oxysporum Associated with Tomato Infection
Authors: Isa Alyu , Issa Aisha , Ayoubi Rabia , Taunk Jyoti
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine a suitable molecular identification technique for Fusarium oxysporum associated with tomato infections to enhance tomato production in developing countries. Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) is one of the most important vegetables worldwide and ranks as the sixth most popular vegetable, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). However, its cultivation is significantly affected by pathogens, including F. oxysporum. The most suitable medium for cultivating F. oxysporum was found to be Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Cell disruption using bead beating in a homogenizer yielded optimal results. EF-1α primers were identified as the most appropriate to detect Fusarium isolates within species complexes, as corroborated by various researchers. Intergenic spacer restriction fragment length polymorphism (IGS-RFLP) analysis was widely used to trace the origin of F. oxysporum by analyzing genetic similarities among isolates from different sources. Other methods, such as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), allele-specific associated primer (ASAP), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis have also been applied. To mitigate fungal infections in tomatoes, this study recommends selecting disease-resistant tomato varieties, maintaining ideal growing conditions, adhering to stringent sanitation practices, ensuring source water is free of potential fungal pathogens, sterilizing tomato seeds, and using organic fungicides as needed.
Determination of Anthocyanin Content in Saffron Petals of Herat Province
Authors: Sahel Nasir Ahmad
Published: November 2024

Saffron is a valuable product that is semi-resistant to drought and is used in various cases, including in the food industry as a flavoring agent and in the medical industry as a sedative, anti-depressant, and anti-heart disease. In Afghanistan, only saffron stigma is used, and thousands of tons of saffron petals are thrown away as waste. In contrast, saffron petals have a high amount of anthocyanin that can be used in the food industry instead of artificial colors, which, in addition to having a bright color, is not harmful and has anti-cancer and anti-virus properties. An experiment was conducted to determine the amount of anthocyanin content in saffron petals on 80 samples from Ghorian, Pashtoonzarghon, Gozarah, and Karokh districts in the autumn of 1397 using a spectrometric method in the Food Technology Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture, Herat University. The results of this study showed that the Gozarah District with (1691 mg / L) had the highest amount of anthocyanin in petals, and the lowest amount of anthocyanin (1469 mg / L) was recorded in saffron petals of the Ghorian District. The difference in the amount of anthocyanin among different regions depends on different environmental factors, such as agricultural operations and the type of saffron corn. The findings of the research showed that by extracting anthocyanin from saffron petals and using it in the food industry and medicine, not only the loss of this major and valuable part of the saffron flower is prevented, but it will help in the economic development of farmers and the country.