bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOSIALISASI PENANGANAN DAN PENCEGAHAN CEDERA DALAM OLAHRAGA
Authors: Murtadho Sayyid Muhammad , Hidayat Wildan , Abidin Dindin , Ridlo Azi Faiz
Published: May 2023

Sport is an activity to train one's body, both physically and spiritually. The purpose of exercising is to be healthy and also provide a fitness effect for the body. Exercise not only helps in training the muscles but also helps the circulation of blood and oxygen in the body to be smooth, that is why exercising can have an overall fitness effect on the human body. Sport can be said as one of the physical activities that is very beneficial for one's body, mind, and soul. The method used in this activity is socializing to the community to create safe sports habits (safety). Based on the results of observations in Setialaksana village, there are still many people who do not care about safe sports. Because if we exercise and don't use the rules correctly it can cause injury. For example, when people start exercising before they don't warm up (streching), this can result in injury to the muscles of the body. because it needs outreach for the community to create a safe sport. The individual program in this activity was carried out on February 28 2023 at the Setialaksana Village Office, Cabangbungin District. The intended targets in socialization to create safe sports habits for the community are teenagers and the local community. present in this individual work program and the activities run smoothly. With this socialization, it is hoped can add insight regarding preventing injuries during sports safely for the community.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PERLENGKAPAN RUMAH MENGGUNAKAN HOLLOW BAJA RINGAN DI DESA KARANGJAYA
Authors: Saputra Wawan Giri , Sikki M. Ilyas , Supratno Setyo
Published: May 2023

Training for making home furnishings using light steel hollows in Karangjaya Village focuses on transferring technological and expertise developments to improve human resource development related to conceptual (ideas or ideas for using hollows and designing) and technical skills (calculating the amount of material, measuring shelf length, cutting, and assembling materials into finished goods. Providing supplies to the public with material and knowledge about various uses of mild steel that can be utilized, is expected to be a motivation for the younger generation in particular and the community to improve skills which hopefully will be useful in the future. Results that can be made in this training is a book wall shelf that will be given by the local madrasah as a place for books and the Qur'an as a form of support for the group 19 literacy program in Karangjaya village.
SOSIALISASI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SEKAM PADI MENJADI BRIKET UNTUK WARGA DESA SUMBERURIP
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Dwi Aksa Yudha Asmara , Putra Purnama
Published: May 2023

The problem experienced by the people of Sumberurip Village is the lack of knowledge and skills to process waste or waste. The people of Sumber Urip Village are divided into several areas of livelihood, but most of the livelihoods of the people of Sumber Urip Village are farmers. The condition of agricultural waste which causes a lot of pollution to the environment, especially rice husk waste or what is commonly known as bran is part of the grain grain in the form of dry, scaly, and inedible sheets, which protect the inside. Rice husk is one of the most beneficial agricultural wastes. However, farmers often think that the husks are agricultural waste that can only be used as fertilizer, ashes, or animal feed. Utilization of rice husk briquettes is one of the solutions in an effort to break down waste that can pollute the environment, and also as an effort to increase understanding, awareness and skills of the people of Sumberurip Village in dealing with waste that can pollute the environment around the village. Based on the problems above, KKN participants are interested in socializing the manufacture of briquettes made from rice husk. Rice husk is widely used as a material for making briquettes.
Introduction: Environmentalism, Class and Nature
Authors: Tee Ve-Yin
Published: May 2023

While there are a number of competing accounts dealing with the Romantic period and the rise of green consciousness, whether it is the evolution of a poetic ‘green language’ or a scientific language of conservation that is being attended to, what is almost invariably communicated is an elite perspective. This is unfair and unhelpful to the diversity of the modern environmental movement. Referring to the essays in the collection, the introductory chapter argues for the necessity of a class-based approach to the development of a more politically relevant and inclusive ecocriticism.
On the Prowl: Tigers and the Tea Planter in British India
Authors: Ray Romita
Published: May 2023

As swathes of jungle in Assam, India, were cleared to create tea plantations in the nineteenth century, the porous boundaries between jungle and plantation saw an array of wildlife cross over into tea-growing areas. My essay focuses on the tiger, the most ferocious of predators, which transformed tea planters into hunters and plantations into hunting grounds. These human-animal encounters ushered in new imaginaries of status, class, and wealth that were bolstered by the technologies of hunting and the dual arts of photography and taxidermy. Quite simply, the tiger inserted a unique aesthetic grafted from the wilderness into the man-made confines of the plantation where its conquest came to represent the indisputable authority of the white sahib planter.
Blake and the Pastoral-Georgic Tradition
Authors: Clark Steve
Published: May 2023

William Blake is customarily regarded as proponent of an absolutist vision in which ‘Natural Objects always did & do now Weaken deaden & obliterate Imagination in me’. This essay re-examines his late epic Milton, written during his residence in Felpham, the only period in which he lived outside London, from the perspective of a historically engaged environmental poetics. It will highlight the poem’s indebtedness to the tradition of sensibility, focusing in particular on James Thomson, Mark Akenside, and Iolo Morganwg, in whose works mythological speculation underpins transfiguration of landscape. Balanced against its cosmic dimensions, Milton features relativistic phenomenology, hospitality to locality, celebration of biodiversity and insistence on the value of transformative labour which situate it firmly within the pastoral-georgic tradition.
Sensing the Population Debate: Poverty, Ecology and the Senses in Malthus and his Critics
Authors: Denney Peter
Published: May 2023

Thomas Malthus’s An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) ushered in a new ecological vision in which scarce environmental resources placed limits on economic development and population growth. This utilitarian attitude to nature came into conflict with a rival Romantic ecological sensibility, leading to a bitter population debate. Scholarship on the population debate has tended to overlook the numerous references made by Malthus and his critics to sight, sound, eating, smell and touch in their discussions of poverty, ecology and rural society. This sensory focus can be traced back to the French Revolution controversy, a propaganda war which politicised the senses in myriad ways. By exploring the role of the senses in Malthus and his critics, this essay will offer a new interpretation of the population debate, showing how a range of Romantic ecological attitudes were shaped by a broader dispute about the propriety of sensory experiences and their attendant social relations.
Opposition to Word-Breaking in the Practice of Qur’an Commentary in Eighth/Fourteenth- and Ninth/Fifteenth-Century Mamlūk Cairo
Authors: Ally Shuaib
Published: May 2023

The Mamlūk biographer al-Sakhāwī (d. 902/1497) praised Sirāj al-Dīn al-Bulqīnī (d. 805/1403), the pre-eminent scholar and judge of the late fourteenth to early fifteenth century, for curtailing the practice of tafsīr al-Qurʾān bi’l-taqṭīʿ. This was a new category of Qur’an interpretation: a method of generating meaning through the use of word-breaking. The main proponents of this practice were the Shādhilī Sufi Ḥusayn al-Ḥabbār (d. 791/1389) and his followers, who perpetuated his exegetical approach. Attempts to curtail this practice of Qur’an commentary in Mamlūk Cairo were made by scholars and members of the judicial class, the most prominent among them being Sirāj al-Dīn al-Bulqīnī and his son Jalāl al-Dīn (d. 824/1421). This practice was policed not for its actual interpretations but because of its method, which undermined the shared philological basis for deriving meaning from the Qur’an. This study accounts for these historical controversies over word-breaking in interpreting the Qur’an, augmenting and correcting previous studies on the is subject published by Walid Saleh and Jonathan Berkey. It also analyses the role institutions such as the zāwiya and the office of the Shāfiʿī chief judge played in promoting such interpretations and regulating religious life and education. These controversies ultimately result from a tension between the oral and the written, as is demonstrated in this article by analysis of the use of word-breaking in the interpretation of the Qur’anic term salsabīl, and of similar problems of orality discussed in classical manuals on the proper recitation of the Qur’an.
The Blind Masseuse: A Traveler's Memoir from Costa Rica to Cambodia
Authors: Jones Alden
Published: May 2023

Through personal journeys both interior and across the globe, Alden Jones investigates what motivates us to travel abroad in search of the unfamiliar. By way of explorations to Costa Rica, Bolivia, Nicaragua, Cuba, Burma, Cambodia, Egypt, and around the world on a ship, Jones chronicles her experience as a young American traveler while pondering her role as an outsider in the cultures she temporarily inhabits. Her wanderlust fuels a strong, high-adventure story and, much in the vein of classic travel literature, Jones’s picaresque tale of personal evolution informs her own transitions, rites of passage, and understandings of her place as a citizen of the world. With sharp insight and stylish prose, Jones asks: Is there a right or wrong way to travel? The Blind Masseuse concludes that there is, but that it’s not always black and white.
Honorable Bandit: A Walk across Corsica
Authors: Bouldrey Brian
Published: May 2023

Brian Bouldrey traveled to the island of Corsica, with its wine-dark Mediterranean waters, powdered-sugar beach sand, and a cuisine and wines fit for the rich. And then he walked away from all of them. Bouldrey strapped on a backpack and walked across Napoleon’s native land with the same spirit many choose to dance or drink: to celebrate, to mourn, to think, to avoid thinking, to recall, to ignore, to escape, and to arrive.
The Change: My Great American, Postindustrial, Midlife Crisis Tour
Authors: Soderlind Lori
Published: May 2023

In the throes of a classic midlife crisis, Lori Soderlind takes a sabbatical from her community college job as a journalism professor. She sets out to travel across America’s rusting heart with her fourteen-year-old dog, Colby, and a used camping trailer. Making pit stops in places like Buffalo and Rockford, she explores a deeply conflicted country going through its own crises and transformations. Even as she struggles with her own impulses, she finds life and resilience among the seemingly forlorn, abandoned artifacts of former industrial glory. With humanity and humor, Soderlind’s journey introduces quirky folks along the way, including Swannie Jim of Silo City and his fawn pit bull, Champ. She attempts to channel muckraking journalist Ida M. Tarbell and celebrates complicated characters, including Robert De Niro’s heartbroken veteran in The Deer Hunter. Ultimately a romance—of Soderlind’s love for America, her dog, the long-term partner she left behind, and the childhood crush she remembers with a big, aching pang—The Change offers daring and often hilarious insights into loss and acceptance, especially when it takes a while to get there.
Continental sovereignty: constructing institutional and structural changes in the international system
Authors: Ifediora Obinna
Published: May 2023

This paper constructs the African Union (AU) claim of sovereignty within the debate among international relations scholars about change and continuity in “institutions” and “structures” of the international system. I develop a theory of change: internationalization of authority transformed international organizations (IOs) into state structures possessing sovereignty as transferred authority. Dominant IOs, like the UN, are legitimated by constituent structures, including regional organizations. But there has been a legitimation crisis as the constituent structures oppose dominant IOs’ legitimacy. The rules of IO legitimation must comprise a complete representation of constituent structures in decision-making organs and the alignment of norms, values, priorities, interests, or goals with constituent structures. Noncompliance with these rules will cause fundamental changes. I base the theory on constructivist accounts of change. Specifically, the sovereignty framework, which I expand using studies on IO authority and legitimacy, internationalization of the state, the third image of structure, and new regionalism.
Left atrial strain predicts fibrosis of left atrial appendage in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing totally thoracoscopic ablation
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Park Sung-Ji , Jeong Dong Seop , Chung Suryeun , Jeon Kina , Bak Minjung , Kim Darae , Kim Eun Kyoung , Chang Sung-A , Lee Sang-Chol , Park Seung Woo
Published: May 2023

Background

Left atrial (LA) fibrosis is related with development and severity of atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between LA strain and LA fibrosis in patients undergoing totally thoracoscopic ablation (TTA) for AF.

Methods

Between February 2012 and March 2015, a total of 128 patients who underwent TTA were enrolled from a tertiary hospital. Left atrial appendage (LAA) was harvested during surgery to determine the degree of fibrosis. LAA fibrosis was classified as mild (1st quartile), moderate (2nd and 3rd quartile), or severe (4th quartile). Clinical outcome was 5-year recurrence rate of AF detected on electrocardiogram or 24 h Holter monitoring.

Results

The mean age was 54.3 ± 8.8 years and 18.8% had paroxysmal AF. Patients with mild LAA fibrosis had a significantly lower rate of recurrent AF (23.3%) at 5 years after TTA compared with those with moderate (51.4%; hazard ratio [HR] 2.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–6.12) or severe (53.2%; HR 2.84; 95% CI 1.16–6.97) fibrosis. Among clinical and echocardiographic parameters, peak LA strain was the only predictor of mild LAA fibrosis (coefficient 0.10, p = 0.005) with the best cutoff value of 14.7% (area under the curve 0.732). The prevalence of mild LAA fibrosis was 40.6% in patients with peak LA strain ≥14.7%, but only 6.8% in those with peak LA strain <14.7%.

Conclusions

In patients undergoing TTA for AF, mild LAA fibrosis was associated with a lower risk of 5-year AF recurrence. LA strain was the only predictor of mild LAA fibrosis that reflects a lower risk of 5-year AF recurrence.
The aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI): a novel predictor for hypertension
Authors: Xiu Jiaming , Lin Xueqin , Chen Qiansheng , Yu Pei , Lu Jin , Yang Yanfang , Chen Weihua , Bao Kunming , Wang Junjie , Zhu Jinlong , Zhang Xiaoying , Pan Yuxiong , Tu Jiabin , Chen Kaihong , Chen Liling
Published: May 2023

Objective

Inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of hypertension (HTN). Aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), as a new inflammatory and prognostic marker has emerged recently. Our goal was to determine whether there was a relationship between HTN and AISI.

Methods

We analyzed patients with HTN from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018. The primary end point was cardiovascular mortality. A total of 23,765 participants were divided into four groups according to the AISI quartile level. The association between AISI and cardiovascular mortality in patients with HTN was assessed by survival curves and Cox regression analyses based on NHANES recommended weights.

Results

High levels of AISI were significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality in patients with HTN. After full adjustment for confounders, there was no significant difference in the risk of cardiovascular mortality in Q2 and Q3 compared to Q1, while Q4 (HR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.42–2.58; P < 0.001) had a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality compared to Q1. Results remained similar in subgroup analyses stratified by age (P for interaction = 0.568), gender (P for interaction = 0.059), and obesity (P for interaction = 0.289).

Conclusions

In adults with HTN, elevated AISI levels are significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and may serve as an early warning parameter for poor prognosis.
Sweet spot areas for shale oil and shale gas plays in the Upper Cretaceous rocks of the Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia: insights from basin modeling
Authors: Pastor-Chacón Andrés , Aguilera Roberto , Triana Jorge Luis , Paez-Reyes Manuel , Cantisano Maria , Bravo Luis , Gamba Néstor , Niño Miled , Delgado Alexandra , Mendoza Gabriel , Rodriguez Juan David , Romero-Ballén Oscar , Ruiz Maria Cecilia , Buitrago Hugo , Fuenzalida Humberto
Published: May 2023

The Middle Magdalena Valley Basin (MMVB) in Colombia has a long history of conventional hydrocarbon exploration and production, with a cumulative production of 2.75 billion barrels of oil as of December 2021. Recent interest has been directed towards unconventional hydrocarbon plays within the basin due to the fine-grained nature of its Cretaceous source rocks and their mineralogy and mechanical properties. This study presents a three-dimensional basin model for three Upper Cretaceous source rocks, known as the “La Luna Formation,” within the MMVB. The model was developed using new data from five outcrops, 7,640 km of 2D seismic lines, and forty-one boreholes, as well as additional data sets such as X-ray diffraction analyses, pyrolysis analyses, well-log correlations, facies analysis, fracture pattern prediction, pore pressure analysis, heat flow estimations, and petrophysical data. The model estimates total retained oil and gas volumes to be 7.95 billion barrels and 4.21 trillion cubic feet in most probable scenarios, after a 15% recovery factor. Seismic interpretation reveals pre-Eocene structures beneath Paleogene and Neogene sediments, and the thickness variation of the source rocks from south to north of the basin. Petrophysical modeling shows effective porosities ranging from 2%–12% and organic porosities lower than 0.1%, with parts of the succession that might correspond to a carrier bed play. From a geomechanical perspective, we identified several brittle strata based on the higher concentrations of carbonates and quartz, and the areas with a higher probability of occurrence of natural fractures. Pore pressure analysis of multiple wells shows that wells in which the Middle Eocene unconformity has beveled the source rocks have no sealing capacity, becoming a risk for the play. The results suggest potential for unconventional hydrocarbon plays in the MMVB, with sweet spot areas being primarily controlled by porosity, thermal maturity, gas-oil ratios, and retained oil and gas volumes, as well as to a lesser degree, the probability of natural fractures and pore pressure conditions. However, further exploration is needed to constrain uncertainties regarding facies and source rock quality, particularly within the depocenters of the basin, in order to prove the economic feasibility of these unconventional plays.
How the rise of academic families across cohorts influences sons’ and daughters’ tertiary education in West Germany?
Authors: Blossfeld Pia Nicoletta
Published: May 2023

In this article, we examine how the rising proportion of academic families across cohorts affects sons’ and daughters’ tertiary educational attainment in the process of educational expansion. Using data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), we focus on West Germany and examine whether the upgrading of the educational composition of families across cohorts has particularly contributed to daughters catching up with and even overtaking sons in tertiary educational attainment over time, or whether daughters and sons have benefited equally. In particular, we ask whether the rise of academic families, who are assumed to have stronger gender-egalitarian attitudes toward their children, has contributed to daughters faster increase in tertiary education compared to sons. Our empirical analysis shows that the long-term upgrading of families’ education across cohorts has in a similar manner increased tertiary educational attainment of both sons and daughters. Thus, women’s educational catch-up process cannot be explained by the greater gender-egalitarian focus of academic parents. Rather all origin families, independent of their educational level, are following the same secular trend toward more gender egalitarianism. We also examine to which extent highly qualified mothers serve as role models for their daughters. We find that academic mothers do not serve as particular role models for their daughters. Rather mother’s education is equally important for both sons’ and daughters’ success in higher education. Finally, we show that the rising proportion of academic families across cohorts is connected to a rising proportion of downward mobility for both sons and daughters. However, the share of upward mobile daughters from non-academic families is converging with that of sons.
Middle and high school girls’ attitude to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics career interest across grade levels and school types
Authors: Balta Nuri , Japashov Nursultan , Karimova Ainur , Agaidarova Shakhrizat , Abisheva Sholpan , Potvin Patrice
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study is to examine Kazakh female students’ interest in STEM professions. A convenient sampling method was used to determine the participants from 10 girls’ schools in Almaty city in Kazakhstan. 522 girls from grades 7th to 11th provided answers to the “STEM Career Interest Survey” which was administered online. Collected data was analyzed to see how girls’ STEM carries interest change according to the type of school and grade level, along with locating the correlations between their interests and their end-term marks in each STEM subject. MANOVA analysis showed that girls’ career interests in different STEM subjects are changing for different school levels across types of schools. Through ANOVA analysis we showed that only girls’ math interest significantly changed across school levels. Post-hoc analyses indicated that seventh level students’ interest in math was statistically higher than eighth and ninth level students. For the school type variable, ANOVA analysis showed that only girls’ technology and engineering interests were significantly different across school types. In other words, girls in Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools (NIS) were significantly more interested in technology and engineering careers than public school girls while for science and mathematics there was no difference between the two types of schools. Additionally, at the 8th and 11th school levels NIS girls have a higher interest in science while at the 10th level public school girls have higher scores. Finally, we detected significant correlations of modest amplitude between girls’ STEM were analyzed rest and their achievement in physics, math, chemistry, and biology. This study will allow supporting teachers and school administrators in their efforts to encourage girls to pursue STEM studies and careers, and we hope it will also help researchers to orient their efforts in providing them with fertile and durable solutions.
Integrating multiple machine learning methods to construct glutamine metabolism-related signatures in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Pengpeng , Pei Shengbin , Wu Leilei , Xia Zhijia , Wang Qi , Huang Xufeng , Li Zhangzuo , Xie Jiaheng , Du Mingjun , Lin Haoran
Published: May 2023

Background

Glutamine metabolism (GM) is known to play a critical role in cancer development, including in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), although the exact contribution of GM to LUAD remains incompletely understood. In this study, we aimed to discover new targets for the treatment of LUAD patients by using machine learning algorithms to establish prognostic models based on GM-related genes (GMRGs).

Methods

We used the AUCell and WGCNA algorithms, along with single-cell and bulk RNA-seq data, to identify the most prominent GMRGs associated with LUAD. Multiple machine learning algorithms were employed to develop risk models with optimal predictive performance. We validated our models using multiple external datasets and investigated disparities in the tumor microenvironment (TME), mutation landscape, enriched pathways, and response to immunotherapy across various risk groups. Additionally, we conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to confirm the role of LGALS3 in LUAD.

Results

We identified 173 GMRGs strongly associated with GM activity and selected the Random Survival Forest (RSF) and Supervised Principal Components (SuperPC) methods to develop a prognostic model. Our model’s performance was validated using multiple external datasets. Our analysis revealed that the low-risk group had higher immune cell infiltration and increased expression of immune checkpoints, indicating that this group may be more receptive to immunotherapy. Moreover, our experimental results confirmed that LGALS3 promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration of LUAD cells.

Conclusion

Our study established a prognostic model based on GMRGs that can predict the effectiveness of immunotherapy and provide novel approaches for the treatment of LUAD. Our findings also suggest that LGALS3 may be a potential therapeutic target for LUAD.
Prognostic value of the albumin-bilirubin score in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Cheng Wanying , Duan Limin , Xu Ji , Shu Yongqian , Qiu Hongxia , Yin Guangli
Published: May 2023

Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) is a rare life-threatening systemic disease. This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of pretreatment albumin-bilirubin (ALBI). We retrospectively analyzed 168 non-Hodgkin lymphoma-associated secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (NHL-sHLH) patients with hepatic injuries. Multivariable logistic/Cox models and restricted cubic spline models were conducted to evaluate the relationships between the ALBI score and short- and long-term survival. Among 168 adult NHL-sHLH patients, 82 (48.8%) patients died within 30 days after admission, and 144 (85.7%) patients died during the follow-up period. Multivariable logistic/Cox regression model indicated that ALBI grade could be an independent risk factor for predicting the prognosis of patients with 30-day mortality and overall survival (odds ratios [OR]30 days 5.37, 95% confidence interval 2.41-12.64, P < 0.001; hazard ratios [HR]OS 1.52, 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.18, P = 0.023), respectively. The restricted cubic spline curve displayed a linear and positive relationship between the ALBI score and risk of mortality (P for nonlinearity =0.503). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for predicting mortality by integrative analysis of the ALBI score and ferritin was significantly improved compared to the ALBI score (AUC 30 days: 0.820 vs 0.693, P = 0.001; AUC1 year: 0.754 vs 0.681, P = 0.043) or ferritin (AUC30 days: 0.820 vs 0.724, P = 0.005; AUC1 year: 0.754 vs 0.658, P = 0.031) alone. The ALBI score could be a useful indicator of short and long-term survival for NHL-sHLH patients with hepatic injuries.
The mechanism of ferroptosis in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Deng Xinpeng , Wu Yiwen , Hu Ziliang , Wang Shiyi , Zhou Shengjun , Zhou Chenhui , Gao Xiang , Huang Yi
Published: May 2023

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a cerebrovascular accident with an acute onset, severe disease characteristics, and poor prognosis. Within 72 hours after the occurrence of SAH, a sequence of pathological changes occur in the body including blood-brain barrier breakdown, cerebral edema, and reduced cerebrovascular flow that are defined as early brain injury (EBI), and it has been demonstrated that EBI exhibits an obvious correlation with poor prognosis. Ferroptosis is a novel programmed cell death mode. Ferroptosis is induced by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ferroptosis involves abnormal iron metabolism, glutathione depletion, and lipid peroxidation. Recent study revealed that ferroptosis is involved in EBI and is significantly correlated with poor prognosis. With the gradual realization of the importance of ferroptosis, an increasing number of studies have been conducted to examine this process. This review summarizes the latest work in this field and tracks current research progress. We focused on iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, reduction systems centered on the GSH/GPX4 system, other newly discovered GSH/GPX4-independent antioxidant systems, and their related targets in the context of early brain injury. Additionally, we examined certain ferroptosis regulatory mechanisms that have been studied in other fields but not in SAH. A link between death and oxidative stress has been described. Additionally, we highlight the future research direction of ferroptosis in EBI of SAH, and this provides new ideas for follow-up research.
State-of-the-art and perspectives of cutting edge preparation and its effect on the cutting performance of titanium alloy
Authors: Pan Fangwei , Yuan Haiyang
Published: May 2023

Titanium alloys are commonly used in industrial applications due to their exceptional mechanical and chemical properties. However, their low thermal conductivity and high chemical reactivity pose significant challenges in machining, leading to increased cutting forces, rapid tool wear, and poor surface quality. To overcome these issues, advanced cutting edge preparation techniques have been developed to enhance the machining performance of titanium alloys. This paper provides an overview of state-of-the-art cutting edge preparation techniques for titanium alloy machining and examines their effects on machining performance. It first presents a characterization method for cutting edge geometry and explores how it affects machining performance, demonstrating that strategic cutting edge preparation can significantly enhance performance by reducing cutting forces and improving surface finish. The paper also emphasizes the underlying mechanisms of cutting edge preparation and its impact on machining performance and subsequent cutting edge erosion. Finally, it concludes by discussing future research directions in this field, highlighting the need to develop new cutting edge preparation techniques and optimize existing ones. Overall, this paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers and engineers seeking to improve the cutting performance of titanium alloys in various applications.
Gut microbiota variation of a tropical oil-collecting bee species far exceeds that of the honeybee
Authors: Kardas Elif , González-Rosario Angie M. , Giray Tugrul , Ackerman James D. , Godoy-Vitorino Filipa
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Interest for bee microbiota has recently been rising, alleviating the gap in knowledge in regard to drivers of solitary bee gut microbiota. However, no study has addressed the microbial acquisition routes of tropical solitary bees. For both social and solitary bees, the gut microbiota has several essential roles such as food processing and immune responses. While social bees such as honeybees maintain a constant gut microbiota by direct transmission from individuals of the same hive, solitary bees do not have direct contact between generations. They thus acquire their gut microbiota from the environment and/or the provision of their brood cell. To establish the role of life history in structuring the gut microbiota of solitary bees, we characterized the gut microbiota of Centris decolorata from a beach population in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. Females provide the initial brood cell provision for the larvae, while males patrol the nest without any contact with it. We hypothesized that this behavior influences their gut microbiota, and that the origin of larval microbiota is from brood cell provisions.

Methods

We collected samples from adult females and males of C. decolorata (n = 10 each, n = 20), larvae (n = 4), and brood cell provisions (n = 10). For comparison purposes, we also sampled co-occurring female foragers of social Apis mellifera (n = 6). The samples were dissected, their DNA extracted, and gut microbiota sequenced using 16S rRNA genes. Pollen loads of A. mellifera and C. decolorata were analyzed and interactions between bee species and their plant resources were visualized using a pollination network.

Results

While we found the gut of A. mellifera contained the same phylotypes previously reported in the literature, we noted that the variability in the gut microbiota of solitary C. decolorata was significantly higher than that of social A. mellifera. Furthermore, the microbiota of adult C. decolorata mostly consisted of acetic acid bacteria whereas that of A. mellifera mostly had lactic acid bacteria. Among C. decolorata, we found significant differences in alpha and beta diversity between adults and their brood cell provisions (Shannon and Chao1 p < 0.05), due to the higher abundance of families such as Rhizobiaceae and Chitinophagaceae in the brood cells, and of Acetobacteraceae in adults. In addition, the pollination network analysis indicated that A. mellifera had a stronger interaction with Byrsonima sp. and a weaker interaction with Combretaceae while interactions between C. decolorata and its plant resources were constant with the null model.

Conclusion

Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that behavioral differences in brood provisioning between solitary and social bees is a factor leading to relatively high variation in the microbiota of the solitary bee.
Influence of the casing layer on the specific volatile compounds and microorganisms by Agaricus bisporus
Authors: Wang Yong-Hui , Yang Xiao-Ying , Wan Lu-Zhang , Ren Hai-Xia , Qu Ling , Guo Hui-Dong , Dong Li-Li , Lu Xiao , Ren Peng-Fei
Published: May 2023

One of the major variables affecting yield of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus is the casing layer, which directly affects the productivity and mass. Here, volatile organic compounds were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction and high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the microbial community diversity. The relationship between mushroom yield at different cropping stages and the contents of volatile organic compounds and microorganisms in three different casing layers: peat, peat + soil and soil were systematically evaluated. The result shows that Benzaldehyde and (E)-2-octenal which stimulate yield, obviously increased as mushrooms grew, while 3-octanone, which inhibits yield, decreased over time in all three casing layers. However, there was not a strong correlation between the concentration of volatile compounds and yield. In addition, more than 3,000 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) by performing high throughput sequencing of the microbes were obtained in the three casing layers. Interestingly, the microbial community compositions were very similar between the three casing layers at a later cropping stage, but the community richness varied significantly in different casing layers and at different cropping stages. At the phylum level, the communities had similar structures but were quantitively very different, and this was even more obvious at the genus level. Principal component analysis revealed significant alterations in microbial community structure in different casing layers. Sphingomonas, Dongia and Achromobacter were the dominant genera at cropping stage 1, and the stage 3 were abundant in Saccharibacteria_norank, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium and Brevundimonas, which was positively correlated with yield, while the abundance of Pseudomonas at stage 1 and Lactococcus and Bacillus at stage 3 was negatively correlated with yield. These results provide a guide for the development and agricultural application of microbial agents for yield improvement in the production of A. bisporus.
Escherichia coli multilocus sequence type 38 from humans and broiler production represent distinct monophyletic groups
Authors: Mo Solveig Sølverød , Fiskebeck Eve Zeyl , Slettemeås Jannice Schau , Lagesen Karin , Nilsson Oskar , Naseer Umaer , Jørgensen Silje Bakken , Thorsteinsdottir Thorunn Rafnar , Sunde Marianne
Published: May 2023

Escherichia coli belonging to multilocus sequence type 38 (ST38) is a well-known cause of extra-intestinal infections in humans, and are frequently associated with resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs). Resistance to carbapenems, mediated by blaOXA-genes has also been reported in this ST. Recently, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) released a rapid risk assessment on the increased detection of OXA-244 producing E. coli ST38 in humans, requesting further knowledge to determine the source. ST38 is also one of the most common STs among ESC-resistant E. coli from broiler production. Our aim was to investigate the genetic characteristics and relationship between E. coli ST38 from broiler production and humans, and to investigate if there has been a potential spillover between these sources. A total of 288 E. coli ST38 genomes isolated from humans in Europe (collected 2009–2019) and from Nordic broiler production (collected 2011–2014) were analyzed. The results showed distinct monophyletic clades associated to humans and broiler production. Furthermore, there were differences in the ESC resistance genes present in E. coli ST38 from the two sources. The blaOXA-244 gene was not present in E. coli from broiler production. Our results show that ST38 from humans and broiler production belong to well-separated clades, and suggest that the increased detection of OXA-244-producing E. coli ST38 in humans is not associated with spillover from broiler production.
Chronically hypertensive transgenic mice expressing human AT1R haplotype-I exhibit increased susceptibility to Francisella tularensis
Authors: Ketkar Harshada , Alqahtani Maha , Tang Samantha , Parambath Sreema Puthiya , Bakshi Chandra Shekhar , Jain Sudhir
Published: May 2023

Age-related illnesses, including hypertension and accompanying metabolic disorders, compromise immunity and exacerbate infection-associated fatalities. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is the key mechanism that controls blood pressure. Upregulation of RAS through angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R), a G-protein coupled receptor, contributes to the pathophysiological consequences leading to vascular remodeling, hypertension, and end-organ damage. Genetic variations that increase the expression of human AT1R may cause the above pathological outcomes associated with hypertension. Previously we have shown that our chronically hypertensive transgenic (TG) mice containing the haplotype-I variant (Hap-I, hypertensive genotype) of human AT1R (hAT1R) gene are more prone to develop the metabolic syndrome-related disorders as compared to the TG mice containing the haplotype-II variant (Hap-II, normotensive genotype). Since aging and an increased risk of hypertension can impact multiple organ systems in a complex manner, including susceptibility to various infections, the current study investigated the susceptibility and potential effect of acute bacterial infection using a Gram-negative intracellular bacterial pathogen, Francisella tularensis in our hAT1R TG mice. Our results show that compared to Hap-II, F. tularensis-infected aged Hap-I TG mice have significantly higher mortality post-infection, higher bacterial load and lung pathology, elevated inflammatory cytokines and altered gene expression profile favoring hypertension and inflammation. Consistent with worsened phenotype in aged Hap-I mice post-Francisella infection, gene expression profiles from their lungs revealed significantly altered expression of more than 1,400 genes. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis identified genes associated with RAS and IFN-γ pathways regulating blood pressure and inflammation. These studies demonstrate that haplotype-dependent over-expression of the hAT1R gene leads to enhanced susceptibility and lethality due to F. tularensis LVS infection, which gets aggravated in aged animals. Clinically, these findings will help in exploring the role of AT1R-induced hypertension and enhanced susceptibility to infection-related respiratory diseases.
Use of reverse osmosis concentrate for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from pig slurry
Authors: Im Seongwon , Kang Sungwon , Jang Duksoo , Kim Gyeongchul , Kim Dong-Hoon
Published: May 2023

Due to the high global warming potential (GWP) in a short time scale (GWP100 = 28 vs. GWP20 = 86), mitigating CH4 emissions could have an early impact on reducing current global warming effects. The manure storage tank emits a significant amount of CH4, which can diminish the environmental benefit resulting from the anaerobic digestion of manure that can generate renewable energy. In the present study, we added the reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) rich in salt to the pig slurry (PS) storage tank to reduce CH4 emissions. Simultaneously, pure NaCl was tested at the same concentration to compare and verify the performance of ROC addition. During 40 days of storage, 1.83 kg CH4/ton PS was emitted, which was reduced by 7–75% by the addition of ROC at 1–9 g Na+/L. This decrease was found to be more intensive than that found upon adding pure sodium, which was caused by the presence of sulfate rich in ROC, resulting in synergistic inhibition. The results of the microbial community and activity test showed that sodium directly inhibited methanogenic activity rather than acidogenic activity. In the subsequent biogas production from the stored PS, more CH4 was obtained by ROC addition due to the preservation of organic matter during storage. Overall, 51.2 kg CO2 eq./ton PS was emitted during the storage, while 8 kg CO2 eq./ton PS was reduced by biogas production in the case of control, resulting in a total of 43.2 kg CO2 eq./ton PS. This amount of greenhouse gas emissions was reduced by ROC addition at 5 g Na+/L by 22 and 65 kg CO2 eq./ton PS, considering GWP100 and GWP20 of CH4, respectively, where most of the reduction was achieved during the storage process. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report using salty waste to reduce GHG emissions in a proper place, e.g., a manure storage tank.
Molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of the type VI secretion system in Klebsiella pneumoniae causing abscesses
Authors: Liu Peilin , Yang Awen , Tang Bin , Wang Zhiqian , Jian Zijuan , Liu Yanjun , Wang Jiahui , Zhong Baiyun , Yan Qun , Liu Wenen
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The type VI system (T6SS) has the potential to be a new virulence factor for hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) strains. This study aimed to characterize the molecular and clinical features of T6SS-positive and T6SS-negative K. pneumoniae isolates that cause abscesses.

Patients and methods

A total of 169 non-duplicate K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from patients with abscesses in a tertiary hospital in China from January 2018 to June 2022, and clinical data were collected. For all isolates, capsular serotypes, T6SS genes, virulence, and drug resistance genes, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and biofilm formation assays were assessed. Multilocus sequence typing was used to analyze the genotypes of hvKp. T6SS-positive hvKp, T6SS-negative hvKp, T6SS-positive cKP, and T6SS-negative cKP (n = 4 strains for each group) were chosen for the in vivo Galleria mellonella infection model and in vitro competition experiments to further explore the microbiological characteristics of T6SS-positive K. pneumoniae isolates.

Results

The positive detection rate for T6SS was 36.1%. The rates of hvKp, seven virulence genes, K1 capsular serotype, and ST23 in T6SS-positive strains were all higher than those in T6SS-negative strains (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the carriage of aerobactin (OR 0.01) and wcaG (OR 33.53) were independent risk factors for T6SS-positive strains (p < 0.05). The T6SS-positive strains had a stronger biofilm-forming ability than T6SS-negative strains (p < 0.05). The T6SS-positive and T6SS-negative strains showed no significant differences in competitive ability (p = 0.06). In the in vivo G. mellonella infection model, the T6SS(+)/hvKP group had the worst prognosis. Except for cefazolin and tegacyclin, T6SS-positive isolates displayed a lower rate of antimicrobial resistance to other drugs (p < 0.05). The T6SS-positive isolates were more likely to be acquired from community infections (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates causing abscesses have a high prevalence of T6SS genes. T6SS-positive K. pneumoniae isolates are associated with virulence, and the T6SS genes may be involved in the hvKp virulence mechanism.
Comparative analysis of absent in melanoma 2-inflammasome activation in Francisella tularensis and Francisella novicida
Authors: Alqahtani Maha , Ma Zhuo , Miller Jacob , Yu Jen , Malik Meenakshi , Bakshi Chandra Shekhar
Published: May 2023

Francisella tularensis is a highly virulent Gram-negative bacterium that causes the fatal zoonotic disease tularemia. The mechanisms and signaling pathways leading to the absent in melanoma 2 (Aim2) inflammasome activation have been elegantly elucidated using Francisella novicida as a model. Although not pathogenic for humans, F. novicida can cause tularemia in mice, and the inflammatory response it triggers is the polar opposite to that observed in mice infected with F. tularensis strains. This study aimed to understand the mechanisms of Aim2 inflammasome activation in F. tularensis-infected macrophages. The results reveal that macrophages infected with the F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) induce lower levels of Aim2-dependent IL-1β than those infected with F. novicida. The suppression/weak activation of Aim2 in F. tularensis LVS-infected macrophages is due to the suppression of the cGAS-STING DNA-sensing pathway. Furthermore, the introduction of exogenous F. tularensis LVS DNA into the cytosol of the F. tularensis LVS-infected macrophages, alone or in conjunction with a priming signal, failed to restore IL-1β levels similar to those observed for F. novicida-infected macrophages. These results indicated that, in addition to the bacterial DNA, DNA from some other sources, specifically from the damaged mitochondria, might contribute to the robust Aim2-dependent IL-1β levels observed in F. novicida-infected macrophages. The results indicate that F. tularensis LVS induces mitophagy that may potentially prevent the leakage of mitochondrial DNA and the subsequent activation of the Aim2 inflammasome. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the mechanisms of Aim2 inflammasome activation established for F. novicida are not operative in F. tularensis.