bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-User Encrypted Machine Learning Based on Partially Homomorphic Encryption
Authors: Xie Shaoxiong , Ye Jun , Ou Wei
Published: February 2025

Machine-learning applications are becoming increasingly widespread. However, machine learning is highly dependent on high-quality, large-scale training data. Due to the limitations of data privacy and security, in order to accept more user data, users are required to participate in the computation themselves through the secure use of secret keys. In this paper, we propose a multi-user encrypted machine-learning system based on partially homomorphic encryption, which can be realized for the purpose of supporting encrypted machine learning under multiple users. In this system, offline homomorphic computation is provided, so that users can support homomorphic computation without interacting with the cloud after locally executing encryption, and all computational parameters are computed in the initial and encryption phases. In this system, the isolation forest algorithm is modified appropriately so that its computation can be within the supported homomorphic computation methods. The comparison with other schemes in the comparison experiments reflects this scheme’s computational and communication advantages. In the application experiments, where anomaly detection is taken as the goal, the encrypted machine-learning system can provide more than 90% recall, illustrating this scheme’s usability.
Enhancing Renewable Energy Integration and Implementing EV Charging Stations for Sustainable Electricity in Crete’s Supermarket Chain
Authors: Karapidakis Emmanuel , Nikologiannis Marios , Markaki Marini , Kouzoukas Georgios , Yfanti Sofia
Published: February 2025

In current times, sustainability is paramount, and businesses are increasingly adopting renewable energy sources (RESs) and electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure to minimise their environmental impact and operational costs. Such a transition can prove challenging to multi-location businesses since each chain store functions under different constraints; therefore, the implementation of a corporate policy requires adaptations. The increased electricity demand associated with EV charging stations and their installation cost could prove to be a significant financial burden. Therefore, this study aims to investigate and develop strategies for effectively incorporating RES and EV charging stations into the operations of a supermarket chain in Crete. Monthly electricity consumption data, parking availability, and premise dimensions were collected for 20 supermarkets under the same brand. To achieve a more tailored approach to custom energy system sizing, the integration of energy storage coupled with a photovoltaic (PV) system was investigated, using the Moth–Flame Optimiser (MFO) to maximise the Net Present Value (NPV) of 20 years. The algorithm managed to locate optimal solutions that yield profitable installations for all supermarkets by installing the necessary number of PV units. Manual exploration around the solutions led to the optimal integration of energy storage systems with a total upfront cost of EUR 856,477.00 and a total profit for the entire brand equal to EUR 6,426,355.14.
Experimental Study on Surfactant–Polymer Flooding After Viscosity Reduction for Heavy Oil in Matured Reservoir
Authors: Chen Xiaoran , Hou Qingfeng , Liu Yifeng , Liu Gaohua , Zhang Hao , Sun Haojie , Zhu Zhuoyan , Liu Weidong
Published: February 2025

An advanced enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method was investigated, employing a surfactant–polymer (SP) system in combination with a viscosity reducer for application in a heavy oil reservoir within the Haiwaihe Block, Liaohe Oilfield, in China. Significant advantages were observed through the combination of LPS-3 (an anionic surfactant) and OAB (a betaine surfactant) in reducing interfacial tension and enhancing emulsion stability, with the optimal results achieved at the ratio of 9:1. The BRH-325 polymer was found to exhibit superior viscosity enhancement, temperature resistance, and long-term stability. Graphene nanowedges were utilized as a viscosity reducer, leading to a viscosity reduction in heavy oil of 97.43%, while stability was maintained over a two-hour period. The efficacy of the combined system was validated through core flooding experiments, resulting in a recovery efficiency improvement of up to 32.7%. It is suggested that the integration of viscosity reduction and SP flooding could serve as a promising approach for improving recovery in mature heavy oil reservoirs, supporting a transition toward environmentally sustainable, non-thermal recovery methods.
Estimation of Solar Irradiance Under Cloudy Weather Based on Solar Radiation Model and Ground-Based Cloud Image
Authors: Niu Yisen , Su Ying , Tang Ping , Wang Qian , Sun Yong , Song Jifeng
Published: February 2025

The estimation of solar radiation plays an important role in different fields such as heating, agriculture and energy. At present, most studies focus on clear-sky models; it is relatively difficult to quantify the obstruction of radiation by clouds, which makes the calculation of irradiance in cloudy weather more challenging. This paper proposes a method for calculating solar irradiance in cloudy weather, which consists of two parts: radiation and cloud. In the radiation part, clear-sky radiation and the distribution of all-sky irradiance under different haze conditions are studied. In the cloud part, a cloud transmittance model based on ground-based cloud images is studied. Then, combined with the radiation model, the calculation of Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) in cloudy weather is achieved. After testing, rRMSE of the clear-sky model for calculating Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) and GHI is 4.48% and 5.62% respectively, the rRMSE of the all-sky model is 2.28%, and the rRMSE of the cloudy irradiance model is 16.74%.
Evolution of COVID-19 in the State of São Paulo: Analysis of Incidence, Mortality and Lethality from 2020 to 2023
Authors: Martire Junior Lybio Jose , Pereira Gabrielle do Amaral Virginio , Cavalcante Matheus Paiva Emidio , Barreto Yasmin Esther , Macedo Hugo , Figueira Fernando Augusto Marinho dos Santos , Andrade Romildo Luiz Monteiro , de Abreu Luiz Carlos
Published: February 2025

Introduction: COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which belongs to the coronavirus family. SARS-CoV-2 is related to other viruses that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome. The emergence of cases of pneumonia of unknown origin triggered the largest viral pandemic in modern times, presenting major challenges to global public health. Objective: To analyze the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in the state of São Paulo from 2020 to 2023, focusing on trends in incidence, mortality, and lethality. Methods: Ecological study of time series of incidence, mortality and lethality by COVID-19 in the state of São Paulo using Prais-Winsten regression considering the Weekly Percentage Change (WPC) and probability values (p), considering a significance level of 95% (95% CI). To ensure the reliability of the entered data, double-blind typing was performed by different researchers in the same database extracted from the 2024 Ministry of Health Coronavirus dashboard. Results: From February 2020 and the end of December 2023, 6,763,310 accumulated cases and 182,254 deaths were recorded. Stationary trends were observed for the year 2022, with a reduction in incidence and mortality in the year 2023. However, the epidemiological variable lethality showed a stationary trend. Conclusion: The analysis of the trends in incidence, mortality, and lethality revealed variable dynamics over time, with emphasis on the significant reduction of these indicators in 2023.
Ubunye: An MEC Orchestration Service Based on QoE, QoS, and Service Classification Using Machine Learning
Authors: Maciel Kilbert Amorim , Leite David Martins , Araújo Guilherme Alves de , Delicato Flavia C. , Rocha Atslands R.
Published: February 2025

The increasing adoption of Internet of Things devices has led to a significant demand for cloud services, where latency and bandwidth play a crucial role in shaping users’ perception of network service quality. However, the use of cloud services with the desired quality is not always available to all users. Furthermore, uneven network coverage in urban and rural areas has created “digital deserts”, which are characterized by a lack of connectivity resources, complicating access to cloud services. In this scenario, edge computing emerges as a promising alternative for service provision. Edge computing leverages data processing at or near the source where it is generated rather than sending it to the cloud for processing. It can lead to several advantages, such as reduced latency and lower bandwidth usage. This paper addresses the need to ensure consistent quality of experience (QoE) and quality of service (QoS) in dynamic network environments, particularly in remote regions with limited infrastructure. We propose an orchestration service called Ubunye, which operates at the network edge and selects the most appropriate edge node to fulfill a given application request while satisfying its quality requirements. Ubunye considers factors such as latency and available bandwidth when selecting a node to execute the requested service. It implements a service classification system based on machine learning (ML) techniques. The ideal edge node is chosen through a multi-faceted evaluation, which includes current CPU load, memory availability, and other relevant parameters. Experiment results show that Ubunye effectively orchestrates resources at the network edge, enhancing QoE and QoS for services that demand low latency and high bandwidth. Additionally, it showcases the ability to classify services and allocate resources under challenging network conditions.
Freeze Thickness Prediction of Fire Pipes in Low-Temperature Environment Based on CFD and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Huang Yubiao , Zhang Jiaqing , Zhong Yu , Guo Yi , Ding Yanming
Published: February 2025

In cold regions, fire pipes are highly susceptible to freezing, which can obstruct water flow and lead to pipe ruptures. Accurately predicting the freeze thickness is crucial to maintaining the functionality of fire protection systems. Traditional methods for predicting fire pipe freezing often rely on simplified models or time-consuming simulations, which limits their accuracy in complex environments. A model for predicting the freeze thickness of fire pipes under low-temperature conditions was developed by integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics with an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The CFD model was validated to generate data for training and optimizing an ANN based on collected experimental data. The CFD results demonstrate a nonlinear relationship between the freeze thickness of the fire pipe, ambient temperature, and time. Afterwards, the optimal ANN topology, determined through hyperparameter tuning, was found to consist of 12 neurons, the trainlm training function, and tansig–purelin activation functions. Eventually, the ANN model achieved high prediction accuracy with a mean squared error (MSE) of 6.62 × 10−4 on the test set and a regression coefficient R greater than 0.98 across all datasets. Furthermore, the ANN model agrees closely with the simulated data, not only for trained temperature conditions (−5 °C to −50 °C) but also for unseen temperature conditions (−55 °C and −60 °C), indicating excellent generalization performance.
Evaluating Segmentation-Based Deep Learning Models for Real-Time Electric Vehicle Fire Detection
Authors: Kwon Heejun , Choi Sugi , Woo Wonmyung , Jung Haiyoung
Published: February 2025

The rapid expansion of the electric vehicle (EV) market has raised significant safety concerns, particularly regarding fires caused by the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. To address this issue, this study investigates the real-time fire detection performance of segmentation-based object detection models for EVs. The evaluated models include YOLOv5-Seg, YOLOv8-Seg, YOLOv11-Seg, Mask R-CNN, and Cascade Mask R-CNN. Performance is analyzed using metrics such as precision, recall, F1-score, mAP50, and FPS. The experimental results reveal that the YOLO-based models outperform Mask R-CNN and Cascade Mask R-CNN across all evaluation metrics. In particular, YOLOv11-Seg demonstrates superior accuracy in delineating fire and smoke boundaries, achieving minimal false positives and high reliability under diverse fire scenarios. Additionally, its real-time processing speed of 136.99 FPS validates its capability for rapid detection and response, even in complex fire environments. Conversely, Mask R-CNN and Cascade Mask R-CNN exhibit suboptimal performance in terms of precision, recall, and FPS, limiting their applicability to real-time fire detection systems. This study establishes YOLO-based segmentation models, particularly the advanced YOLOv11-Seg, as highly effective EV fire detection and response systems.
Synergistic Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Effects of Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl and Zingiber officinale Extracts Against PM2.5-Induced Oxidative Stress in A549 and HepG2 Cells
Authors: Sunthrarak Chattip , Posridee Kakanang , Noisa Parinya , Shim Soon-Mi , Thaiudom Siwatt , Oonsivilai Anant , Oonsivilai Ratchadaporn
Published: February 2025

PM2.5, a fine particulate matter, poses considerable health risks. When inhaled, PM2.5 can deeply penetrate the lungs, triggering respiratory issues such as pneumonia and bronchitis, aggravating heart and lung conditions, increasing the risk of lung cancer, causing cardiovascular problems, and affecting the nervous, immune, and reproductive systems. This study investigated the protective effects of the combination extract (CRGE) of Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. (Rang Chuet) water extract (RWE), and Zingiber officinale (ginger) ethanol extract (GEE) against PM2.5-induced oxidative stress in A549 and HepG2 cells. CRGE exhibited superior cytoprotective effects compared to the single extracts (RWE and GEE) by significantly reducing PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production while enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity. To investigate the effects of PM2.5 exposure on cellular responses, gene expression analysis was conducted on a panel of antioxidant enzymes (heme oxygenase 1, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), the phase II detoxification enzyme NQO1, and the inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 using the A549 and HepG2 cell lines. CRGE treatment effectively reversed the PM2.5-mediated changes in gene expression in both cell lines, suggesting that it may help restore cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms and mitigate PM2.5-induced oxidative stress. This study showed that CRGE holds promise as a natural antioxidant and cytoprotective agent against PM2.5-induced oxidative stress. Further studies are required to investigate the underlying mechanisms and confirm the efficacy of CRGE in vivo.
Enhancing Viability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Total Polyphenol Content in Fermented Black Goji Berry Beverage Through Calcium–Alginate Encapsulation with Hydrocolloids
Authors: Chusak Charoonsri , Balmori Vernabelle , Kamonsuwan Kritmongkhon , Suklaew Phim on , Adisakwattana Sirichai
Published: February 2025

Encapsulation techniques play a crucial role in enhancing the stability and viability of probiotics in functional foods. This study investigates the efficacy of calcium–alginate encapsulation, combined with hydrocolloids such as carrageenan, agar, and gelatin, in improving the survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and stabilizing the total phenolic content (TPC) in fermented black goji berry beverages. The results revealed that 1.5% alginate encapsulation, combined with 1% carrageenan, agar, or gelatin and 5% calcium, significantly enhanced the LGG viability and increased the TPC content in the fermented black goji berry beads when compared to calcium–alginate encapsulation alone. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the successful incorporation and interaction of hydrocolloids within the encapsulation matrix. Among the formulations, calcium–alginate–gelatin beads exhibited the highest LGG survival rates after simulated gastric and intestinal digestion. Notably, calcium–alginate beads containing carrageenan preserved LGG viability during simulated gastric and intestinal conditions when co-digested with all tested milk types (high carbohydrate, high protein, and high fat). Co-ingestion with these milk types further improved TPC retention in all bead formulations, as the macronutrients in milk provided protective effects, stabilizing the encapsulated polyphenols and minimizing their degradation during simulated gastric and intestinal digestion. This study highlights the potential of calcium–alginate encapsulation, integrated with hydrocolloids such as carrageenan, agar, or gelatin, to improve probiotic viability and polyphenol stability, offering promising applications for enhancing the functional properties of non-dairy fermented beverages.
The Digital Revolution in the Bakery Sector: Innovations, Challenges, and Opportunities from Industry 4.0
Authors: Melesse Tsega Y. , Orrù Pier Francesco
Published: February 2025

Industry 4.0 and digitalization are driving a major transformation in the bakery sector. This systematic review examines the latest advancements in digital technologies and platforms within the bakery industry. Innovations such as robotics, automation, blockchain, and wireless sensor networks are currently revolutionizing bakery operations by enhancing production efficiency, enabling real-time monitoring, and ensuring product traceability. Additionally, digital platforms are improving customer interactions through e-commerce, personalized product offerings, and targeted marketing strategies. Digitalization is also contributing to waste reduction, quality control improvement, and data-driven decision-making, leading to optimized inventory management and more efficient production automation. These advancements are fostering stronger customer engagement, resulting in cost savings and increased profitability. However, the sector faces several challenges, including resistance from companies to adopt new technologies, high implementation costs, a shortage of expertise, and concerns about preserving artisanal quality. This review provides valuable insights for researchers, businesses, and industry experts to deepen their understanding of how digitalization is shaping the future of the bakery sector while highlighting emerging opportunities, challenges, and avenues for future research.
Bioactive Peptides from Milk Proteins with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antihypertensive Activities
Authors: Borges Thaís , Coelho Pedro , Prudêncio Cristina , Gomes Ana , Gomes Paula , Ferraz Ricardo
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Peptides from protein ingredients exhibit key biological activities, including antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immunomodulatory effects. Aligning with the One Health approach, there is growing investment in promoting pet health and well-being. As a result, sustainable functional ingredients are increasingly essential for pet food development. In this work, peptides derived from lactoferrins of different mammalian species were synthesized and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive activities were investigated. Methods: This study examined the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive activities, and cytotoxicity of bioactive peptides derived from lactoferrins of various mammalian species through spectroscopical methods. The peptides were produced via chemical synthesis (bottom-up approach). Results: Peptides derived from bovine lactoferrin showed the most promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, whereas those derived from human lactoferrin showed the highest antihypertensive effects and the lowest cytotoxicity. In short, milk-derived peptides with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive activity were identified. Conclusions: This motivates further studies to better characterize these peptides, including their properties and pharmacokinetics in vivo, to assess their true potential as nutraceutical agents.
Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and Okara Flour as Nutritional Enhancers in Wheat Biscuits: A Study on Storage Stability
Authors: Nwaudah Emmanuella Ifunanya , Mbaeyi-Nwaoha Ifeoma Elizabeth , Ofoegbu Deborah Chinwendu , Onyeaka Helen
Published: February 2025

In response to the scarcity and high cost of wheat in Nigeria, this study investigates the potential of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and okara flour to enhance the nutritional quality and storage stability of wheat biscuits. By incorporating 10–50% oyster mushroom powder into wheat flour, this study observed significant increases in the nutritional profile of the biscuits. The protein content notably increased from 8.26% to 16.12%, while the crude fibre and ash content also saw over a 50% increment. Storage studies revealed that biscuits (baked for 18 min at 180 °C) packaged in cartons within polyethene were more shelf-stable than those in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bags, maintaining quality over two months at ambient temperature. The inclusion of oyster mushroom and okara flour in wheat biscuits significantly enhances their nutritional value and shelf life, presenting a viable solution to the challenges of wheat scarcity and global malnutrition. The optimal mushroom flour enrichment level was identified at 20% to maintain consumer appeal.
A Novel Strategy for the Detection of Semicarbazide in Crustaceans by Modified QuEChERS Coupled with Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wu Siyuan , Feng Yang , Chen Shengjun , Zhao Yongqiang , Li Chunsheng , Deng Jianchao , Wang Di
Published: February 2025

Semicarbazide (SEM), a metabolite of nitrofurazone (NFZ), is widely used to detect the illegal application of NFZ in crustaceans. The conventional detection method involves chemical derivatization combined with reversed-phase liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS/MS), which is both complex and time-consuming. To address this limitation, a more efficient approach was developed for SEM detection. This study introduces a modified QuEChERS pretreatment method coupled with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) for detecting SEM in crustaceans. The proposed method is simple, fast, and highly accurate, making it universally applicable for SEM detection in crustaceans. Additionally, the method was applied to investigate NFZ metabolism in Macrobrachium rosenbergii with a kinetic model. The findings suggested a plausible mechanism for the absorption of NFZ and its subsequent transfer from meat to the shell. In conclusion, this study provides a simple and rapid technique for SEM detection in crustaceans with immense application value.
The Effect of Agave Bagasse Extract on Wound Healing in a Murine Model
Authors: López-Salazar Herminia , Negrete-León Elizabeth , Camacho-Díaz Brenda Hildeliza , Acevedo-Fernández Juan José , Ávila-Reyes Sandra Victoria , Ocampo Martha L. Arenas
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The development of bioproducts that can accelerate wound healing is a key focus in biomedicine, especially when these products are derived from sustainable by-products. This study investigates the wound-healing potential of an extract obtained from Agave angustifolia Haw bagasse (BagEE) using microwave extraction.Methods: HPLC-MS analysis was performed to identify the main compounds present in BagEE, revealing quercetin, isorhamnetin, diosgenin, hecogenin, manogenin, β-sitosterol glucoside, and β-sitosterol as tentative constituents. A murine excision wound model was employed to assess the efficacy of BagEE. The experimental group received a topical application of 8 mg of BagEE, while the control group was treated with water only. Wound closure, re-epithelialization, and collagen deposition were evaluated to determine the effects of BagEE on skin healing. Results: The BagEE-treated group exhibited significantly accelerated wound healing, achieving a 99.4% closure rate by day 13 compared to the control group’s 92.8% closure rate on day 22. Additionally, wounds treated with BagEE displayed complete re-epithelialization and a well-organized skin structure. Conclusions: These findings suggest that BagEE promotes effective wound healing and shows promise as a topical agent for skin regeneration. Further studies are necessary to investigate its anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activities in both in vivo and in vitro settings.
How People in Eight European Countries Felt About the Safety, Effectiveness, and Necessity of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Coteur Kristien , Zafirovska Marija , Zafirovski Aleksandar , Danilenko Jelena , Lingner Heidrun , Bauch Felix , Brütting Christine , Buono Nicola , Lazic Vanja , Ramasaco Liljana , Silina Vija , Fuehner Lara-Marie , Harris Michael
Published: February 2025

Background/objectives: Attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination vary globally, influenced by political and cultural factors. This research aimed to assess the views of people without a healthcare qualification in Europe on COVID-19 vaccination safety, effectiveness, and necessity as well as how well informed they felt. The secondary outcomes focused on how respondents’ views were affected by demographic and context factors and included a comparison by country of the level of feeling well informed. Methods: A mixed-method cross-sectional online survey in eight European countries, using convenience sampling. Results: A total of 1008 adults completed the survey, 60% of whom were female. While only 44.1% considered the vaccines safe, 43.5% effective, and 44.9% necessary, 80.0% had been vaccinated. Four in ten adults strongly agreed that they were well informed, while over a quarter did not answer the question. Younger respondents, well-informed individuals, and German respondents were more inclined to perceive COVID-19 vaccination as both effective and necessary. Conclusions: Motivations for vaccination included perceived health and social benefits, while concerns included a preference for “natural immunity”, the rapid development of the vaccine, and potential unknown long-term effects. A correlation existed between respondents feeling well informed about the different COVID-19 vaccines in their country and the likelihood of having been vaccinated.
Experimental and Simulation Study on the Ditching and Backfilling Characteristics of a 3DGZ-50A Self-Propelled Orchard Ditching Machine
Authors: Niu Mengmeng , Yang Huawei , Zhang Qingyi , Qi Peng , Wang Shaowei , Fang Huimin , Wen Hongbo
Published: February 2025

The characteristics of soil ditching and backfilling are crucial for orchard ditching operations. However, experimentally investigating the dynamic ditching and backfilling process is currently not feasible. To address this issue, the 3DGZ-50A self-propelled orchard ditching machine (SPODM) was designed using a modular concept, incorporating three types of ditching cutter discs (01#, 02#, and 03#). These discs were designed, trial-manufactured, and tested in orchard ditching experiments. A corresponding simulation model was also constructed using EDEM 2022 software. This study evaluated the ditching and backfilling process, analyzing the performance of the three cutter discs through experimental and simulation methods. Results indicated that the 01# and 02# cutter discs created V-shaped furrows, whereas the 03# cutter disc formed an arc-shaped furrow. The relative errors in the final furrow depth (Df) and width (Wf) between experimental and simulated results were 30.70% and 8.61%, respectively, while those in the maximum furrow depth (Dm) and width (Wm) were 9.44% and 3.00%. These minor relative errors confirmed the accuracy of the simulation model. Regarding maximum power consumption, the 01# cutter disc used 86.3% of the power consumed by the 02# cutter disc and 85.1% of that used by the 03# cutter disc. During the ditching process, the blades penetrated the soil to create the maximum furrow cross-section, which then gradually decreased due to backfilling. Both simulation and test results demonstrated that the 01# cutter disc performed best, achieving a maximum furrow cross-sectional area (46.70%), minimum final surface furrow cross-sectional area (6.04%), and lower power consumption (31.03 kW). This study provides equipment for ditching operations in low-height close-planting orchards in northern China.
Light Modulation of Photosynthate Accumulation in Microgreens Grown in a Controlled Environment During Storage
Authors: Gudžinskaitė Ieva , Laužikė Kristina , Pukalskas Audrius , Samuoliene Giedrė
Published: February 2025

Light intensity and spectral composition are the main parameters that may be modulated to further affect plant nutritional value and shelf life. The current study aimed to assess how variations in spectral composition and light intensity affect sugar accumulation during the storage of two popular microgreens cultivated in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. Thus, in this study, amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) and mustard (Brassica juncea) microgreens were grown in a greenhouse at 17/20 ± 3 °C and a 16 h photoperiod was maintained. (I) Four LED light intensities were set: 100, 150, 200, and 250 µmol m−2 s−1 while using 4000 K white LED lighting. (II) Maintaining 250 µmol m−2 s−1 the effect of spectrac composition: B75.6%:R24.2%:W0.02%/R88.9%:B11.1%/and R77.6%:W9.9%:B3.5% was evaluated. After 10 days from germination, microgreens were harvested and stored in the dark or under white LED light at +4 °C. Samples were collected on D0, D1, D3, and D5 days of postharvest storage. The results revealed that a wide spectrum of 250 µmol m−2 s−1 PPFD and R88.9%:B11.1% growing conditions produced the highest sugar content, achieving a balance between increased sugar accumulation and reduced deterioration during storage, ultimately extending shelf life.
Intra-Continental Transport of Western Wildfire Smoke Heightens Health Risks Across North America
Authors: Bruce Erica D. , Folorunsho Akinleye , Jaisawal Nilkamal , Gaw Emily , Li Yang
Published: February 2025

Wildfires in North America, particularly in western states, have caused widespread environmental, economic, social, and health impacts. Smoke from these fires travels long distances, spreading pollutants and worsening the air quality across continents. Vulnerable groups, such as children, the elderly, and those with preexisting conditions, face heightened health risks, as do firefighters working in extreme conditions. Wildfire firefighters are of particular concern as they are fighting fires in extreme conditions with minimal protective equipment. This study examined wildfire smoke during July–August 2021, when intense fires in Canada and the western U.S. led to cross-continental smoke transport and caused significant impacts on the air quality across North America. Using the GEOS-Chem model, we simulated the transport and distribution of PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or smaller), identifying significant carcinogenic risks for adults, children, and firefighters using dosimetry risk methodologies established by the U.S. EPA. Significant carcinogenic risks for adult, child, and firefighter populations due to exposure to PM2.5 were identified over the two-month period of evaluation. The findings emphasize the need for future studies to assess the toxic chemical mixtures in wildfire smoke and consider the risks to underrepresented communities.
An Evaluation of Dental Caries Status in Children with Oral Clefts: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Neves Lucimara Teixeira das , Costa Beatriz , Lauris José Roberto Pereira , Ciamponi Ana Lídia , Gomide Marcia Ribeiro
Published: February 2025

Oral health is a prerequisite for the rehabilitation of children with oral cleft (OC). Thus, caries negatively affects individuals with OC. This study aimed to investigate dental caries in children with OC, determining the first period of the most significant susceptibility to caries. This cross-sectional study evaluated caries’ prevalence and mean dmft in the primary dentition of 300 children with OC, distributed among ten groups at six-month intervals. The exams were carried out using the WHO diagnostic criteria. Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t-test were used for statistical comparisons with a significant level of 5%. The caries prevalence in the total group was 59.4%, and the dmft was 3.4. The first period of susceptibility occurred between 13 and 18 months and 19 and 24 months, with a prevalence ranging from 6.6% to 40% (p < 0.05) and a dmft ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 (p < 0.05). The prevalence and dmft increase with age. Our findings suggest that in children with OC, the first period of susceptibility to caries occurs from 13 to 18 months. These findings demonstrate the need for pediatric dentistry to establish an early preventive protocol for children with clefts during the first year.
The Childhood Opportunity Index 2.0: Factor Structure in 9–10 Year Olds in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
Authors: Harris Julia C. , Wilson Isabelle G. , Cardenas-Iniguez Carlos , Watts Ashley L. , Lisdahl Krista M.
Published: February 2025

The built physical and social environments are critical drivers of child neural and cognitive development. This study aimed to identify the factor structure and correlates of 29 environmental, education, and socioeconomic indicators of neighborhood resources as measured by the Child Opportunity Index 2.0 (COI 2.0) in a sample of youths aged 9–10 enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. This study used the baseline data of the ABCD Study (n = 9767, ages 9–10). We used structural equation modeling to investigate the factor structure of neighborhood variables (e.g., indicators of neighborhood quality including access to early child education, health insurance, walkability). We externally validated these factors with measures of psychopathology, impulsivity, and behavioral activation and inhibition. Exploratory factor analyses identified four factors: Neighborhood Enrichment, Socioeconomic Attainment, Child Education, and Poverty Level. Socioeconomic Attainment and Child Education were associated with overall reduced impulsivity and the behavioral activation system, whereas increased Poverty Level was associated with increased externalizing symptoms, an increased behavioral activation system, and increased aspects of impulsivity. Distinct dimensions of neighborhood opportunity were differentially associated with aspects of psychopathology, impulsivity, and behavioral approach, suggesting that neighborhood opportunity may have a unique impact on neurodevelopment and cognition. This study can help to inform future public health efforts and policy about improving built and natural environmental structures that may aid in supporting emotional development and downstream behaviors.
Chloroquine Restores eNOS Signaling in Shunt Endothelial Cells via Inhibiting eNOS Uncoupling
Authors: Liang Ying , Ornatowski Wojciech , Lu Qing , Sun Xutong , Yegambaram Manivannan , Feng Anlin , Dong Yishu , Aggarwal Saurabh , Unwalla Hoshang J. , Fineman Jeffrey R. , Black Stephen M. , Wang Ting
Published: February 2025

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by increased lung vascular stiffness and impaired vessel relaxation, primarily due to reduced nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells. Recent studies indicate that chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, may help lower pulmonary arterial pressure and enhance lung vascular function. This study investigates the mechanisms underlying the chloroquine-mediated restoration of NO bioavailability in endothelial cells derived from aortopulmonary shunt lambs, a relevant model for congenital heart defect (CHD)-associated PAH. We found that NO production was significantly reduced in shunt pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs), attributable to decreased levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and diminished expression of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1), despite a slight increase in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels. Chloroquine robustly restored endothelial NO production, which correlated with increased BH4 levels and restored GCH1 expression. The mechanistically upregulated carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) in shunt PAECs is responsible for heightened GCH1 degradation, and chloroquine disrupted the assembly of the GCH1-HSP70-CHIP complex to preserve cellular GCH1. Similarly, another autophagy inhibitor, bafilomycin A1, demonstrated comparable effects. These findings suggest that autophagy inhibition can effectively enhance NO synthesis in endothelial cells experiencing depleted NO bioavailability, presenting a potential therapeutic strategy for managing PAH.
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Cytokine Profile in a Patient with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Triggered by Lamotrigine and COVID-19: A Case Study
Authors: Martinez-Fierro Margarita L. , Garza-Veloz Idalia , Zorrilla-Alfaro Sidere Monserrath , Campuzano-Garcia Andrés Eduardo , Rodriguez-Borroel Monica
Published: February 2025

Stevens–Johnson Syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe mucocutaneous reaction often induced by medications. The co-occurrence of SJS/TEN and COVID-19 presents a unique challenge due to overlapping inflammatory pathways. This case study examined the cytokine profile of a patient with both TEN (triggered by lamotrigine) and COVID-19. The clinical history of the patient, including lamotrigine exposure and COVID-19 diagnosis, was documented. A 13-cytokine profile assessment was performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patient and their parents by using quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). A 6-year-old male patient developed lamotrigine-induced TEN with concomitant COVID-19 affecting 90% of the body surface area. Compared with their parents, who were positive for COVID-19, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-12 were modulated (downregulated) by TEN. The cytokine profile showed elevated levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-8, NF-κβ, and interferons (IFN; α, β, and γ), indicating a robust antiviral response. The immune profile suggested a hyperactivated immune state that contributed to the severity of the patient’s clinical manifestations, leading to death 18 days after hospitalization. Understanding the immune response is important for developing future targeted therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the interaction between drug-induced SJS/TEN and infections.
Modification in Structures of Active Compounds in Anticancer Mitochondria-Targeted Therapy
Authors: Pyrczak-Felczykowska Agnieszka , Herman-Antosiewicz Anna
Published: February 2025

Cancer is a multifaceted disease characterised by uncontrolled cellular proliferation and metastasis, resulting in significant global mortality. Current therapeutic strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, face challenges such as systemic toxicity and tumour resistance. Recent advancements have shifted towards targeted therapies that act selectively on molecular structures within cancer cells, reducing off-target effects. Mitochondria have emerged as pivotal targets in this approach, given their roles in metabolic reprogramming, retrograde signalling, and oxidative stress, all of which drive the malignant phenotype. Targeting mitochondria offers a promising strategy to address these mechanisms at their origin. Synthetic derivatives of natural compounds hold particular promise in mitochondrial-targeted therapies. Innovations in drug design, including the use of conjugates and nanotechnology, focus on optimizing these compounds for mitochondrial specificity. Such advancements enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity, presenting a significant step forward in modern anticancer strategies.
Epigenetic Regulation by lncRNA GAS5/miRNA/mRNA Network in Human Diseases
Authors: Nguyen Lam Ngoc Thao , Pyburn Jaeden S. , Nguyen Nhat Lam , Schank Madison B. , Zhao Juan , Wang Ling , Leshaodo Tabitha O. , El Gazzar Mohamed , Moorman Jonathan P. , Yao Zhi Q.
Published: February 2025

The interplay between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) is crucial in the epigenetic regulation of mRNA and protein expression, impacting the development and progression of a plethora of human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory-associated diseases, and viral infection. Among the many lncRNAs, growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) has garnered substantial attention for its evident role in the regulation of significant biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis. Through miRNA-mediated signaling pathways, GAS5 modulates disease progression in a cell-type-specific manner, typically by influencing proteins involved in inflammation and cell death. While GAS5 is recognized as a tumor suppressor in cancer, recent reports highlight its broader regulatory capacity in non-cancerous diseases. Its modulation of protein expression through the GAS5/miRNA network has been shown to both mitigate and exacerbate disease, depending on the specific context. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of GAS5 manipulation, via knockdown or overexpression, offers promising avenues for targeted interventions across human diseases. This review explores the dualistic impacts of the GAS5/miRNA network in conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, viral infections, and inflammatory disorders. Through the evaluation of current evidence, we aim to provide insight into GAS5’s biological functions and its implications for future research and therapeutic development.
Discovery of TRPV4-Targeting Small Molecules with Anti-Influenza Effects Through Machine Learning and Experimental Validation
Authors: Sun Yan , Wu Jiajing , Shen Beilei , Yang Hengzheng , Cui Huizi , Han Weiwei , Luo Rongbo , Zhang Shijun , Li He , Qian Bingshuo , Fan Lingjun , Zhang Junkui , Wang Tiecheng , Xia Xianzhu , Yan Fang , Gao Yuwei
Published: February 2025

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a calcium-permeable cation channel critical for maintaining intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and is essential in regulating immune responses, metabolic processes, and signal transduction. Recent studies have shown that TRPV4 activation enhances influenza A virus infection, promoting viral replication and transmission. However, there has been limited exploration of antiviral drugs targeting the TRPV4 channel. In this study, we developed the first machine learning model specifically designed to predict TRPV4 inhibitory small molecules, providing a novel approach for rapidly identifying repurposed drugs with potential antiviral effects. Our approach integrated machine learning, virtual screening, data analysis, and experimental validation to efficiently screen and evaluate candidate molecules. For high-throughput virtual screening, we employed computational methods to screen open-source molecular databases targeting the TRPV4 receptor protein. The virtual screening results were ranked based on predicted scores from our optimized model and binding energy, allowing us to prioritize potential inhibitors. Fifteen small-molecule drugs were selected for further in vitro and in vivo antiviral testing against influenza. Notably, glecaprevir and everolimus demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on the influenza virus, markedly improving survival rates in influenza-infected mice (protection rates of 80% and 100%, respectively). We also validated the mechanisms by which these drugs interact with the TRPV4 channel. In summary, our study presents the first predictive model for identifying TRPV4 inhibitors, underscoring TRPV4 inhibition as a promising strategy for antiviral drug development against influenza. This pioneering approach lays the groundwork for future clinical research targeting the TRPV4 channel in antiviral therapies.
Molecular Regulation of Palatogenesis and Clefting: An Integrative Analysis of Genetic, Epigenetic Networks, and Environmental Interactions
Authors: Im Hyuna , Song Yujeong , Kim Jae Kyeom , Park Dae-Kyoon , Kim Duk-Soo , Kim Hankyu , Shin Jeong-Oh
Published: February 2025

Palatogenesis is a complex developmental process requiring temporospatially coordinated cellular and molecular events. The following review focuses on genetic, epigenetic, and environmental aspects directing palatal formation and their implication in orofacial clefting genesis. Essential for palatal shelf development and elevation (TGF-β, BMP, FGF, and WNT), the subsequent processes of fusion (SHH) and proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis of neural crest-derived cells are controlled through signaling pathways. Interruptions to these processes may result in the birth defect cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), which happens in approximately 1 in every 700 live births worldwide. Recent progress has emphasized epigenetic regulations via the class of non-coding RNAs with microRNAs based on critically important biological processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. These environmental risks (maternal smoking, alcohol, retinoic acid, and folate deficiency) interact with genetic and epigenetic factors during palatogenesis, while teratogens like dexamethasone and TCDD inhibit palatal fusion. In orofacial cleft, genetic, epigenetic, and environmental impact on the complex epidemiology. This is an extensive review, offering current perspectives on gene-environment interactions, as well as non-coding RNAs, in palatogenesis and emphasizing open questions regarding these interactions in palatal development.
Rubiadin Mediates the Upregulation of Hepatic Hepcidin and Alleviates Iron Overload via BMP6/SMAD1/5/9-Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xie Xueting , Chang Linyue , Zhu Xinyue , Gong Fengbei , Che Linlin , Zhang Rujun , Wang Lixin , Gong Chenyuan , Fang Cheng , Yao Chao , Hu Dan , Zhao Weimin , Zhou Yufu , Zhu Shiguo
Published: February 2025

Iron overload disease is characterized by the excessive accumulation of iron in the body. To better alleviate iron overload, there is an urgent need for safe and effective small molecule compounds. Rubiadin, the active ingredient derived from the Chinese herb Prismatomeris tetrandra, possesses notable anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties. Nevertheless, its impact on iron metabolism remains largely unexplored. To determine the role of rubiadin on iron metabolism, Western blot analysis, real-time PCR analysis, and the measurement of serum iron were performed. Herein, we discovered that rubiadin significantly downregulated the expression of transferrin receptor 1, ferroportin 1, and ferritin light chain in ferric-ammonium-citrate-treated or -untreated HepG2 cells. Moreover, intraperitoneal administration of rubiadin remarkably decreased serum iron and duodenal iron content and upregulated expression of hepcidin mRNA in the livers of high-iron-fed mice. Mechanistically, bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) inhibitor LDN-193189 completely reversed the hepcidin upregulation and suppressor of mother against decapentaplegic 1/5/9 (SMAD1/5/9) phosphorylation induced by rubiadin. These results suggested that rubiadin increased hepcidin expression through the BMP6/SMAD1/5/9-signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings uncover a crucial mechanism through which rubiadin modulates iron metabolism and highlight it as a potential natural compound for alleviating iron-overload-related diseases.