bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turbulence and entrainment length scales in large wind farms
Authors: Andersen Søren J. , Sørensen Jens N. , Mikkelsen Robert F.
Published: March 2017

A number of large wind farms are modelled using large eddy simulations to elucidate the entrainment process. A reference simulation without turbines and three farm simulations with different degrees of imposed atmospheric turbulence are presented. The entrainment process is assessed using proper orthogonal decomposition, which is employed to detect the largest and most energetic coherent turbulent structures. The dominant length scales responsible for the entrainment process are shown to grow further into the wind farm, but to be limited in extent by the streamwise turbine spacing, which could be taken into account when developing farm layouts. The self-organized motion or large coherent structures also yield high correlations between the power productions of consecutive turbines, which can be exploited through dynamic farm control.

This article is part of the themed issue ‘Wind energy in complex terrains’.
Survey on Prevalence of Canine Cutaneous Myiasis in Some Selected Kebeles of Dire Dawa City Administration
Authors: Abebe Henok
Published: March 2017

A cross sectional study of canine cutaneous myiasis was conducted in five randomly selected kebeles of Dire Dawa Administrative council from December 2009 up to April 2010 to determine the prevalence of canine cutaneous myiasis and to assess factors that determine the occurrence of the disease specifically in dog. Active questionnaire survey among 60 households were used for which 384 dogs were sampled. From a total of 384 dogs, 162 (42.19%) were found harboring the disease cutaneous myiasis among this 120 (74.07%) were infested with the 3rdand 2ndinstar larvae ofCordylobiaantropophaga.whereas the remaining 42(25.93%) observed dogs were found infested with cutaneous myiasis. The larvae were identified in Dire Dawa regional diagnostic veterinary parasitology laboratory. Analysis of active questionnaire survey showed that there is no statistically significance difference in the prevalence of disease among different breeds and sexes (P >0.05). In this study, an overall prevalence rate of 162 (42.19%) was found with a statistically significant association among different age groups, housing system and living area (kebele) (P<0.05). Higher prevalence was recorded at 02 kebele (Sabian area) 59 (54.65%), 03 Kebele (Depo and number-one), 43(44.33%), 04 Keble (Gende kore and Greek camp) 33(37.50%), Addis Ketema. 27(51.92%) and05 Keeble (Dechatu) 0(0%). There was 121(49.59%) confined dogs and 41(29.29%) were stray dogs which let out without any control, and puppies of age less than 6 month old (71.56 %), and dogs of age range between 6 months and 18months (79.03%) while those of greater than 18 months (16.43%), were least affected.
Adaptation to chronic malnutrition leads to reduced dependence on microbiota inDrosophila
Authors: Erkosar Berra , Kolly Sylvain , van der Meer Jan R. , Kawecki Tadeusz J.
Published: March 2017

Numerous studies have shown that animal nutrition is tightly linked to gut microbiota, especially under nutritional stress. InDrosophila, microbiota are known to promote juvenile growth, development and survival on poor diets, mainly through enhanced digestion leading to changes in hormonal signaling. Here we show that this reliance on microbiota is greatly reduced in replicatedDrosophilapopulations that adapted to a poor larval diet in the course of over 170 generations of experimental evolution. Protein and polysaccharide digestion in these malnutrition-adapted populations became much less dependent on colonization with microbiota. This was accompanied by changes in at least some targets of dFOXO transcription factor, which is a key regulator of cell growth and survival. Our study suggests that some metazoans have retained the evolutionary potential to adapt their physiology such that association with microbiota may become optional rather than essential.
xCell: Digitally portraying the tissue cellular heterogeneity landscape
Authors: Aran Dvir , Hu Zicheng , Butte Atul J.
Published: March 2017

Tissues are complex milieu consisting of numerous cell-types. Numerous recent methods attempt to enumerate cell subsets from transcriptomes. However, available method used limited source for training and displayed only partial portrayal of the full cellular landscape. Here we presentxCell, a novel gene-signature based method for inferring 64 immune and stroma cell-types. We harmonized 1,822 pure human cell-types transcriptomes from various sources, employed curve fitting approach for linear comparison of cell-types, and introduced a novel spillover compensation technique for separating between cell-types. Using extensivein silicoanalyses and comparison to cytometry immunophenotyping we show thatxCelloutperforms other methods:http://xCell.ucsf.edu/.
Potential for rapid genetic adaptation to warming in a Great Barrier Reef coral
Authors: Matz Mikhail V. , Treml Eric A. , Aglyamova Galina V. , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. , Bay Line K.
Published: March 2017

Can genetic adaptation in reef-building corals keep pace with the current rate of sea surface warming? Here we combine population genomic, biophysical modeling, and evolutionary simulations to predict future adaptation of the common coralAcropora milleporaon the Great Barrier Reef. Loss of coral cover in recent decades did not yet have detectable effect on genetic diversity in our species. Genomic analysis of migration patterns closely matched the biophysical model of larval dispersal in favoring the spread of existing heat-tolerant alleles from lower to higher latitudes. Given these conditions we find that standing genetic variation could be sufficient to fuel rapid adaptation ofA. milleporato warming for the next 100-200 years, although random thermal anomalies would drive increasingly severe mortality episodes. However, this adaptation will inevitably cease unless the warming is slowed down, since no realistic mutation rate could replenish adaptive genetic variation fast enough.
Direct visualization of how Actin Depolymerizing Factor’s filament severing and depolymerization synergizes with Capping Protein's "monomer funneling" to promote rapid polarized growth of actin filaments
Authors: Shekhar Shashank , Carlier Marie-France
Published: March 2017

A living cell’s ability to assemble actin filaments in intracellular motile processes is directly dependent on the availability of polymerizable actin monomers which feed polarized filament growth. Continued generation of the monomer pool by filament disassembly is therefore crucial. Disassemblers like ADF/cofilin and filament cappers like Capping Protein (CP) are essential agonists of motility, but the exact molecular mechanisms by which they accelerate actin polymerization at the leading edge and filament turnover has been debated for over two decades. While filament fragmentation by ADF/cofilin has long been demonstrated by TIRF, filament depolymerization was only inferred from bulk solution assays. Using microfluidics-assisted TIRF microscopy, we provide the first direct visual evidence of ADF's simultaneous severing and rapid depolymerization of individual filaments. We have also built a conceptually novel assay to directly visualize ADF’s effect on a filament population. We demonstrate that ADF’s enhanced pointed-end depolymerization leads to an increase in polymerizable actin monomers co-existing with filaments, thus promoting faster barbed-end growth. We further reveal how ADF-enhanced filament depolymerization synergizes with CP’s long-predicted “monomer funneling” and leads to skyrocketing of filament growth rates, close to estimated rates in the lamellipodia. The “Funneling model” hypothesized, on thermodynamic grounds, that at high enough extent of capping, the few noncapped filaments transiently grow much faster, an effect proposed to be very important for motility. We provide the first direct microscopic evidence of monomer funneling by CP at the scale of individual filaments. We believe that these results enlighten our understanding of the turnover of cellular actin networks.
Overlapping representation of primary tastes in a defined region of the gustatory cortex
Authors: Fletcher Max L. , Cameron Ogg M. , Lu Lianyi , Ogg Robert J. , Boughter John D.
Published: March 2017

Two-photon imaging was used to examine taste responses in neurons in a region of gustatory cortex defined by thalamic input. This area contained an overlapping representation of primary tastes, with neurons that were either narrowly or broadly responsive to taste stimuli. Analysis demonstrates that activity in the neuronal population in this area yields information about both taste quality and hedonics.
ARSDA: A new approach for storing, transmitting and analyzing high-throughput sequencing data
Authors: Xia Xuhua
Published: March 2017

Two major stumbling blocks exist in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) data analysis. The first is the sheer file size typically in gigabytes when uncompressed, causing problems in storage, transmission and analysis. However, these files do not need to be so large and can be reduced without loss of information. Each HTS file, either in compressed .SRA or plain text .fastq format, contains numerous identical reads stored as separate entries. For example, among 44603541 forward reads in the SRR4011234.sra file (from aBacillus subtilistranscriptomic study) deposited at NCBI’s SRA database, one read has 497027 identical copies. Instead of storing them as separate entries, one can and should store them as a single entry with the SeqID_NumCopy format (which I dub as FASTA+ format). The second is the proper allocation reads that map equally well to paralogous genes. I illustrate in detail a new method for such allocation. I have developed ARSDA software that implement these new approaches. A number of HTS files for model species are in the process of being processed and deposited athttp://coevol.rdc.uottawa.cato demonstrate that this approach not only saves a huge amount of storage space and transmission bandwidth, but also dramatically reduces time in downstream data analysis. Instead of matching the 497027 identical reads separately against theBacillus subtilisgenome, one only needs to match it once. ARSDA includes functions to take advantage of HTS data in the new sequence format for downstream data analysis such as gene expression characterization. ARSDA can be run on Windows, Linux and Macintosh computers and is freely available athttp://dambe.bio.uottawa.ca/ARSDA/ARSDA.aspx.
Parallel paleogenomic transects reveal complex genetic history of early European farmers
Authors: Lipson Mark , Szécsényi-Nagy Anna , Mallick Swapan , Pósa Annamária , Stégmár Balázs , Keerl Victoria , Rohland Nadin , Stewardson Kristin , Ferry Matthew , Michel Megan , Oppenheimer Jonas , Broomandkhoshbacht Nasreen , Harney Eadaoin , Nordenfelt Susanne , Llamas Bastien , Mende Balázs Gusztáv , Köhler Kitti , Oross Krisztián , Bondár Mária , Marton Tibor , Osztás Anett , Jakucs János , Paluch Tibor , Horváth Ferenc , Csengeri Piroska , Koós Judit , Sebők Katalin , Anders Alexandra , Raczky Pál , Regenye Judit , Barna Judit P. , Fábián Szilvia , Serlegi Gábor , Toldi Zoltán , Nagy Emese Gyöngyvér , Dani János , Molnár Erika , Pálfi György , Márk László , Melegh Béla , Bánfai Zsolt , Domboróczki László , Fernández-Eraso Javier , Mujika-Alustiza José Antonio , Fernández Carmen Alonso , Echevarría Javier Jiménez , Bollongino Ruth , Orschiedt Jörg , Schierhold Kerstin , Meller Harald , Cooper Alan , Burger Joachim , Bánffy Eszter , Alt Kurt W. , Lalueza-Fox Carles , Haak Wolfgang , Reich David
Published: March 2017

Ancient DNA studies have established that European Neolithic populations were descended from Anatolian migrants who received a limited amount of admixture from resident hunter-gatherers. Many open questions remain, however, about the spatial and temporal dynamics of population interactions and admixture during the Neolithic period. Using the highest-resolution genome-wide ancient DNA data set assembled to date—a total of 177 samples, 127 newly reported here, from the Neolithic and Chalcolithic of Hungary (6000–2900 BCE,n= 98), Germany (5500–3000 BCE,n= 42), and Spain (5500–2200 BCE,n= 37)—we investigate the population dynamics of Neolithization across Europe. We find that genetic diversity was shaped predominantly by local processes, with varied sources and proportions of hunter-gatherer ances try among the three regions and through time. Admixture between groups with different ancestry profiles was pervasive and resulted in observable population transformation across almost all cultural transitions. Our results shed new light on the ways that gene flow reshaped European populations throughout the Neolithic period and demonstrate the potential of time-series-based sampling and modeling approaches to elucidate multiple dimensions of historical population interactions.
Mcm10 regulates DNA replication elongation by stimulating the CMG replicative helicase
Authors: Lõoke Marko , Maloney Michael F. , Bell Stephen P.
Published: March 2017

Activation of the Mcm2–7 replicative DNA helicase is the committed step in eukaryotic DNA replication initiation. Although Mcm2–7 activation requires binding of the helicase-activating proteins Cdc45 and GINS (forming the CMG complex), an additional protein, Mcm10, drives initial origin DNA unwinding by an unknown mechanism. We show that Mcm10 binds a conserved motif located between the oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide fold (OB-fold) and A subdomain of Mcm2. Although buried in the interface between these domains in Mcm2–7 structures, mutations predicted to separate the domains and expose this motif restore growth to conditional-lethal MCM10 mutant cells. We found that, in addition to stimulating initial DNA unwinding, Mcm10 stabilizes Cdc45 and GINS association with Mcm2–7 and stimulates replication elongation in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we identified a lethal allele of MCM10 that stimulates initial DNA unwinding but is defective in replication elongation and CMG binding. Our findings expand the roles of Mcm10 during DNA replication and suggest a new model for Mcm10 function as an activator of the CMG complex throughout DNA replication.
All mixed up: defining roles for β-cell subtypes in mature islets
Authors: Liu Jennifer S.E. , Hebrok Matthias
Published: March 2017

Following differentiation during fetal development, β cells further adapt to their postnatal role through functional maturation. While adult islets are thought to contain functionally mature β cells, recent analyses of transgenic rodent and human pancreata reveal a number of novel heterogeneity markers in mammalian β cells. The marked heterogeneity long after maturation raises the prospect that diverse populations harbor distinct roles aside from glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In this review, we outline our current understanding of the β-cell maturation process, emphasize recent literature on novel heterogeneity markers, and offer perspectives on reconciling the findings from these two areas.
Neutron filter efficiency of beryllium and magnesium fluorides
Authors: Al-Qasir Iyad , Qteish Abdallah
Published: March 2017

The neutron filter efficiency of MgF2 and BeF2 has been investigated as a function of neutron incident energy at different temperatures, starting from the phonon density of states (PDOS) calculated using first-principles techniques, and the results are compared with those of MgO and BeO. Recently, MgF2 has been suggested as a neutron filter and neutron transmission through it has been experimentally studied. For MgF2, excellent agreement between calculated and available experimental data has been achieved for the phonon dispersion relations, constant-volume specific heat, inelastic scattering cross sections and neutron transmission. The PDOSs of MgF2 and BeF2 are found to differ significantly owing to the crystal structure and the cations' mass difference. The inelastic scattering cross sections and filter efficiencies of MgF2 and BeF2 show different behaviours, which can be understood to originate from the above PDOS incongruity and the large difference in absorption cross sections of Be and Mg nuclei. BeF2 is predicted to be a better neutron filter than MgF2 and MgO, over the temperature range of interest, while it has less ability than BeO to transmit low-energy neutrons.
Crystal structure of (2E)-3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-1-(thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
Authors: Oliveira Gabriela Porto de , Bresolin Leandro , Flores Darlene Correia , Farias Renan Lira de , Oliveira Adriano Bof de
Published: March 2017

The equimolar reaction between 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde and 2-acetylthiophene in basic ethanolic solution yields the title compound, C15H15NOS, whose molecular structure matches the asymmetric unit. The molecule is not planar, the dihedral angle between the aromatic and the thiophene rings being 11.4 (2)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O and weak C—H...S interactions along [100], formingR22(8) rings, and by weak C—H...O interactions along [010], forming chains with aC(6) graph-set motif. In addition, molecules are connected into centrosymmetric dimers by weak C—H...π interactions, as indicated by the Hirshfeld surface analysis. The most important contributions for the crystal structure are the H...H (46.50%) and H...C (23.40%) interactions. The crystal packing resembles a herringbone arrangement when viewed along [100]. A molecular docking calculation of the title compound with the neuraminidase enzyme was carried out. The enzyme shows (ASN263)N—H...O, (PRO245)C—H...Cg(thiophene ring) and (AGR287)C—H...N intermolecular interactions with the title compound. The crystal structure was refined as a two-component twin with a fractional contribution to the minor domain of 0.0181 (8).
Model predictive control of an unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Erdogan Halit Firat , Kural Ayhan , Ozsoy Can
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to design a controller for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the constrained multivariable multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) model predictive controller (MPC) has been designed to control all outputs by manipulating inputs. The aim of the autopilot of UAV is to keep the UAV around trim condition and to track airspeed commands.

Findings

The purpose of using this control method is to decrease the control effort under the certain constraints and deal with interactions between each output and input while tracking airspeed commands.

Originality/value

By using constraint, multivariable (four inputs and seven outputs) MPC unlike the relevant literature in this field, the UAV tracked airspeed commands with minimum control effort dealing with interactions between each input and output under disturbances such as wind.
Sigma overbound for aircraft landing in presence of day-to-day multipath correlation
Authors: Sayim Irfan , Zhang Dan
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this work is to obtain an overbounded broadcast sigma from actual (non-Gaussian) correction error distribution under the stringent navigation integrity requirements for aircraft precision approach and landing.

Design/methodology/approach

Approach is statistically to overbound satellite pseudorange correction error distribution with the use of numerical solution of Fisher-Ztransformation. Inflation factors for overbounding broadcast sigma are extracted from Fisher-Ztransformation based on measured correlation and counted independent identically distributed (iid) sample sizes of true empirical data.

Findings

New overbounded broadcast sigma values for eight long-pass satellites were obtained based on measured actual empirical data and ensured integrity risk at 10−8probability level. Proposed methodology successfully overbounds ground reflection multipath-type systematic and temporal errors sources.

Originality/value

This paper introduced a new method of accounting for ground reflection multipath for local area augmentation system/ground-based augmentation system navigation integrity. The method is also applicable to statistically overbound any other serially correlated temporal variation in measured data if both correlation values and finite iid sample sizes are known.
LQR/LQG attitude stabilization of an agile microsatellite with CMG
Authors: Tayebi Javad , Nikkhah Amir Ali , Roshanian Jafar
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to design a new attitude stabilization system for a microsatellite based on single gimbal control moment gyro (SGCMG) in which the gimbal rates are selected as controller parameters.

Design/methodology/approach

In the stability mode, linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control strategies are presented with the gimbal rates as a controller parameters. Instead of developing a control torque to solve the attitude problem, the attitude controller is developed in terms of the control moment gyroscope gimbal angular velocities. Attitude control torques are generated by means of a four SGCMG pyramid cluster.

Findings

Numerical simulation results are provided to show the efficiency of the proposed controllers. Simulation results show that this method could stabilize satellite from initial condition with large angles and with more accuracy in comparison with feedback quaternion and proportional-integral-derivative controllers. These results show the effect of filtering the noisy signal in the LQG controller. LQG in comparison to LQR is more realistic.

Practical implications

The LQR method is more appropriate for the systems that have project models reasonably exact and ideal sensors/actuators. LQG is more realistic, and it can be used when not all of the states are available or when the system presents noises. LQR/LQG controller can be used in the stabilization mode of satellite attitude control.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper is designing a new attitude stabilization system for an agile microsatellite using LQR and LQG controllers.
Effects of material property variation in composite panels
Authors: Wright Thomas , Hyder Imran , Daniels Mitchell , Kim David , Parmigiani John P.
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine which of the ten material properties of the Hashin progressive damage model significantly affect the maximum load-carrying ability of center-notched carbon fiber panels under in-plane tension and out-of-plane bending.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach used is to calculate the maximum load using a finite element model for a range of material property values as specified by a fraction factorial design. The finite element model used has been experimentally validated in prior work.

Findings

Results showed that for the laminates considered, at most three and as few as one of the ten Hashin material properties significantly affected the magnitude of the maximum load.

Practical implications

While the results of this paper only specifically apply to the laminates included in the study, the results suggest that, in general, only a small number of the Hashin material properties affect laminate load-carrying ability.

Originality/value

Knowing which properties are significant is of value in selecting materials to optimize performance and also in determining which properties need to be known to a high accuracy.
Sport in Europe’s era of austerity: crisis or adaptation?
Authors: Roberts Ken
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess whether European sport has been damaged or adapted during the austerity in public sector and consumer spending that has followed the financial crisis of 2008-2009.

Design/methodology/approach

Review of literature and data.

Findings

Sport has adapted successfully.

Research limitations/implications

The overall conclusions will not apply to every sport in every country.

Practical implications

Sport flourishes when it adapts to historical trends.

Originality/value

Updates all previous reviews.
Big data and knowledge management: a case of déjà vu or back to the future?
Authors: Tian Xuemei
Published: March 2017

Purpose

Big data clearly represent an important advance in information systems theory, but to describe it as “revolutionary” is premature. Similar technological breakthroughs, from online databases to ERP, were clearly modulated by advances in the organizational domain, including matters of structure, strategy and culture and arguably big data will be similar. The purpose of this paper is to encourage discussion of the wider implications of big data for the theory and practice of knowledge management.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual study based on critical analysis of the relevant literatures including those of organizational studies and management, big data and knowledge management.

Findings

The literature of big data emphasizes the application of algorithms to pattern analysis and prediction, resulting in data-driven decision-making, with data being the creator of value in organizations and societies. This would appear to render obsolete previous depictions of the “data-information-knowledge” relationship and, in effect, spell the end of knowledge management. However, big data literature largely ignores the organizational dimension and, significantly, the importance of frameworks, strategies and cultures for big data. As all of these are present in the literature of knowledge management, it would seem that big data have a long way to go to catch up and qualify even as a sub-discipline. Indeed, on the evidence, big data may well have a future as a contributor to and/or an element of knowledge management. Even for this to happen, however, major advances are required across the spectrum of big data technologies.

Research limitations/implications

This is a position paper written as the precursor for an empirical study.

Originality/value

The paper offers a critical literature-based and knowledge management perspective on big data while pointing out the common thread that runs through decades of advances in information systems technologies.
The concepts of big data applied in personal knowledge management
Authors: Liu Che-Hung , Wang Jen Sheng , Lin Ching-Wei
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the applications of big data in personal knowledge management (PKM).

Design/methodology/approach

Five conventional knowledge management dimensions, namely, the value of data, data collection, data storage, data application and data presentation, were applied for integrating big data in the context of PKM.

Findings

This study concludes that time management, computer usage efficiency management, mobile device usage behavior management, health management and browser surfing management are areas where big data can be applied to PKM.

Originality/value

While the literature discusses PKM without considering the impact of big data, this paper aims to extend existing knowledge by demonstrating the application of big data in PKM.
Big data systems: knowledge transfer or intelligence insights?
Authors: Rothberg Helen N. , Erickson G. Scott
Published: March 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to bring together the existing theory from knowledge management (KM), competitive intelligence (CI) and big data analytics to develop a more comprehensive view of the full range of intangible assets (data, information, knowledge and intelligence). By doing so, the interactions of the intangibles are better understood and recommendations can be made for the appropriate structure of big data systems in different circumstances. Metrics are also applied to illustrate how one can identify and understand what these different circumstances might look like.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is chiefly conceptual, combining theory from multiple disciplines enhanced with practical applications. Illustrative data drawn from other empirical work are applied to illustrate some concepts.

Findings

Theory suggests that the KM theory is particularly useful in guiding big data system installations that focus primarily on the transfer of data/information. For big data systems focused on analytical insights, the CI theory might be a better match, as the system structures are actually quite similar.

Practical implications

Though the guidelines are general, practitioners should be able to evaluate their own situations and perhaps make better decisions about the direction of their big data systems. One can make the case that all the disciplines have something to add to improving how intangibles are deployed and applied and that improving coordination between KM and analytics/intelligence functions will help all intangibles systems to work more effectively.

Originality/value

To the authors’ knowledge, very few scholars work in this area, at the intersection of multiple types of intangible assets. The metrics are unique, especially in their scale and attachment to theory, allowing insights that provide more clarity to scholars and practical direction to industry.
An exploration of contemporary organizational artifacts and routines in a sustainable excellence context
Authors: Carayannis Elias G. , Grigoroudis Evangelos , Del Giudice Manlio , Della Peruta Maria Rosaria , Sindakis Stavros
Published: March 2017

Purpose

Organizations and their members operate in increasingly complex, dynamic and even disruptive environments, with risk and uncertainty being major challenges. To that effect, data, information, knowledge, and respective competences are increasingly instrumental in enabling and sustaining organizational intelligence that translates into resilience in the shorter and sustainable excellence in the longer term. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the role of the artifacts and routines in a sustainable organizational excellence context.

Design/methodology/approach

An extensive literature review was used to develop the context of the paper, focusing on big data and organizational intelligence for enterprise excellence and resilience. In addition, a thematic literature review method was used to study the role and impacts of routines and artifacts in organizational change, policies, structure and performance.

Findings

Although many traditional management practices retain their validity, knowledge management must give a clearer view of the existing connection between firm-level competitive advantage in open economies flows and difficult-to-use knowledge assets. The proposed framework studies knowledge exploration and knowledge exploitation as organizational phenomena opposed and mutually incompatible.

Originality/value

The paper presents a first attempt to study the linkages of organizational routines and artifacts as a cycle wherein knowledge acquisition and learning competencies form and enhance a firm’s organizational intelligence, leading to robust competitiveness and sustainable entrepreneurship.
Do Mental Health First Aid™ courses enhance knowledge?
Authors: Morrissey Hana , Moss Simon , Alexi Nektarios , Ball Patrick
Published: March 2017

Purpose

Biased assumptions and unhelpful tendencies in human nature can lead people who are experiencing mental illness to shun help and support. Mental illness is often perceived as immutable and/or a sign of weakness. Even those seeking support may not receive the assistance they need. Advice may be unsuitable or people feel too nervous and challenged to help. The Mental Health First Aid™ courses, like general first aid, are designed to enhance community knowledge and thereby support appropriate assistance. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the extent to which this is achieved.

Design/methodology/approach

An educational audit based upon a short quiz administered anonymously to 162 tertiary students from a range of disciplines, before and after delivery of the standard 12 hour Mental Health First Aid™ course. This was used to examine assumptions and proposed actions before and after training.

Findings

Analysis of the 162 responses found that the Mental Health First Aid™ courses significantly improve knowledge. This has the potential to increase understanding and support for those suffering mental illness.

Research limitations/implications

This educational audit looked only at knowledge improvement. Whether this really does translate into improved outcomes requires further investigation.

Practical implications

Tertiary students who are enrolled in health courses and others which involve human interaction as provision of services will be empowered with skills that enable them to interact with those who they will be serving at well-informed level and equity.

Social implications

Social inclusion and de-stigmatising mental health issues

Originality/value

Mental health first aid courses potentially enable individuals who are not otherwise involved in mental health to assist people in need.
Objective structured clinical exam: a successful approach to pre-registration mental health nurse assessment
Authors: Murcott William John , Clarke Nicola
Published: March 2017

Purpose

Pre-registration mental health nursing courses are a mixture of clinical practice and university-based education completed over three years, culminating in a successful student entering the professional nursing register. During a student’s time at university they will encounter many different types of assessment, whether formative or summative. These are typically academic written assignments, academic exams, presentations, viva, assessed clinical practice by an approved mentor, and objective structured clinical exam (OSCE). The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

An OSCE to assess second year mental health nursing students was determined to be a highly appropriate method of allowing students to demonstrate the skills associated with the nursing process, NMC standards and learning outcomes for the module.

Findings

It was recognised that preparation was essential in supporting the reduction of the student’s anxieties over the process, careful design and planning was needed to ensure reliability and validity of a logistically challenging assessment method.

Originality/value

OSCE have become a major contributor towards the assessment of student nurses and are regarded by some as the gold standard for assessment. However, this assessment has not been widely utilised within mental health nurse education and little research exists surrounding their use. This paper furthers the literature base on the use of OSCE by exploring the underpinning design rationale and the subjective experience of staff and students.
Implementation of rapid manufacturing for mass customisation
Authors: Deradjat Dominik , Minshall Tim
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding of how companies can implement rapid manufacturing (RM) (i.e. the use of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies for final part production) for mass customisation (MC), drawing upon the experiences of firms in the dental sector (one of the major users of AM technologies).

Design/methodology/approach

A framework for implementation of RM for MC was developed from the literature to guide the data gathering. Data from six case companies in the dental sector implementing RM for MC, supplemented with insights from their respective AM machine providers and software companies, were used to analyse how companies implement RM for MC and what considerations and challenges they face in the process.

Findings

The study shows how implementation of RM for MC entails different considerations depending on the stage of implementation and maturity of involved technologies. In total, 26 challenges have been identified that seem to play a crucial role in implementation. The paper suggests that RM can enable MC in manufacturing by achieving both a high number of units produced and as well as a high level of customisation of each product.

Originality/value

Based on the review of the literature, no case studies exist that investigate companies implementing RM for MC despite literature having suggested RM as an enabler for MC in manufacturing for many years.
The changing face of additive manufacturing
Authors: Gibson Ian
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current state-of-the-art in additive manufacturing, more commonly known as 3D printing, from the business perspectives. The primary drivers behind the development of the associated technologies are considered along with features that limit growth.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is a personal perspective, based on approximately 25-years study of the development of the associated technologies and applications.

Findings

The discussion has found that the technology is still growing healthily, but with an understanding that there are numerous application areas that should be considered separately. Some areas are significantly more mature than others and success in some areas does not guarantee success in others.

Originality/value

This viewpoint has been prepared for the current state-of-the-art and can be compared with earlier viewpoints to see how things may have changed in the past. This should be of value to those interested to explore how the technology has developed in recent times and how it may move into the future.
Proactive personality, core self-evaluations, and engagement: the role of negative emotions
Authors: Haynie Jeffrey Joseph , Flynn C. Brian , Mauldin Shawn
Published: March 2017

Purpose

The authors examined the simultaneous indirect effects of proactive personality (PP) and core self-evaluations (CSEs) on the work outcomes of employee task performance and affective organizational commitment (AOC) via job engagement. Additionally, the authors tested the potential energizing capacity of high negative work affect in this process. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from a sample of teachers in the South-Eastern USA (n=193). The online survey assessed PP, CSE, work affect, job engagement and AOC. Employee task performance was obtained from archival sources.

Findings

The results indicated that job engagement mediated the relationships of PP and CSE with employee task performance and AOC. Additionally, negative work affect strengthened the PP-job engagement-work outcomes relationship when it was high.

Research limitations/implications

PP and CSE individuals appear to devote their job engagement energies for differing reasons. These distinctions are further supported by high negative work affect being found to bolster the PP-job engagement-work outcomes relationship only. Future research should continue to investigate the unique contributions made by PP and CSE to job engagement.

Originality/value

By examining PP, CSE, negative work affect and job engagement within a conservation of resources (COR) lens, the authors were able to further distinguish through interpretation of the findings the motivational aspects of PP and CSE as well as providing an instance where negative work affect can incite additional job engagement.
Determinants of stock market development: a review of the literature
Authors: Ho Sin-Yu , Njindan Iyke Bernard
Published: March 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the determinants of stock market development.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper divides the existing studies into the theoretical and empirical literature. Then, it analyses these studies in turn.

Findings

Based on the theoretical literature, the determinants of stock market development can be broadly classified into two groups: macroeconomic factors and institutional factors. The theory and the empirics predict different ways in which macroeconomic factors affect stock market development. The real income and its growth rate foster stock market development, while the banking sector, interest rate and private capital flows can foster or inhibit it. Inflation and exchange rates have adverse effects on stock market development. In terms of the institutional factors, the literature indicates that different legal origins and stock market integration can have a positive or negative impact on stock market development. In addition, factors such as legal protection of investors, corporate governance, financial liberalisation and trade openness contribute positively to the development of the stock market.

Research limitations/implications

From the survey, it is imperative that policies which aim at enhancing institutional quality, financial integration, real income growth, macroeconomic stability and capital inflows, among others, will certainly promote stock market development within and across countries. Although the empirical studies have incorporated a large set of variables in their models, the theoretical studies do not contain rich models of stock market development. It is understandable that a theoretical model which contains a large set of the determinants of stock market development may be difficult to solve. However, such a model seems very appealing and will provide a unification of the existing literature.

Originality/value

The originality of the paper lies in the fact that it is the first to undertake a survey of the determinants of stock market development in the literature. It is hoped that this paper will spur further theoretical and empirical research on the determinants of stock market development.
Rare case of vascular malformations in both skin and brain: Case report and published work review
Authors: Oka Masahiro , Sakaguchi Masanobu , Fukumoto Takeshi , Seki Shin‐ichiro , Nishigori Chikako
Published: March 2017

Solitary venous malformation (VM) of the skin, previously known as cavernous hemangioma, is frequently observed in the dermatological field, but multiple acquired VM are rare. We present a case of multiple VM of the skin associated with multiple cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) in a 70‐year‐old Japanese woman. In addition, we summarize seven reported similar cases, including the present case. That some reports have described concomitant VM of the skin and CCM, together with the present case, suggests a tight relationship or a common pathogenetic pathway between these two diseases.
Trophic position determines functional and phylogenetic recovery after disturbance within a community
Authors: Fountain‐Jones Nicholas M. , Jordan Gregory J. , Burridge Christopher P. , Wardlaw Timothy J. , Baker Thomas P. , Forster Lynette , Petersfield Morgana , Baker Susan C.
Published: March 2017

The roles that functional traits and/or evolutionary history of species from co‐occurring trophic groups have in determining community recovery following disturbance are poorly understood. Functional traits help determine how species interact with their environment, thus functional traits are likely to change with time since logging. However, traits of species may also be phylogenetically constrained depending on their evolutionary history. Because beetles are trophically diverse, the effects of phylogenetic and functional aspects of community recovery can be compared between co‐occurring trophic groups.

Using a chronosequence of forest ages following logging, we applied a novel combination of functional trait and phylogenetic approaches to assess the extent to which taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic composition recovered after logging, and if these dimensions of composition approached those characteristic of mature forests, for both predators and decomposers/primary consumers. We also examined to what extent functional traits of both trophic groups were phylogenetically conserved.

Predator functional composition had recovered ∼45 years after logging, and this recovery preceded taxonomic recovery. Neither taxonomic nor functional composition had recovered for the decomposer/primary consumer communities by this time.

In contrast to decomposers/primary consumers, predator community recovery had no distinct phylogenetic signature, yet predator functional traits were more phylogenetically conserved than decomposers/primary consumer functional traits.

Trait syndromes that characterise forest recovery stages are identified and provide a basis for future work on community re‐assembly following disturbance.

We demonstrate differential recovery of co‐occurring beetle trophic groups following disturbance. We show that functional and phylogenetic composition may be disconnected from taxonomic composition; highlighting the advantages of integrating understanding of these three potentially independent components of ecological diversity to enable deeper understanding of animal community composition.
Root phenology unresponsive to earlier snowmelt despite advanced above‐ground phenology in two subarctic plant communities
Authors: Blume‐Werry Gesche , Jansson Roland , Milbau Ann
Published: March 2017

Earlier snowmelt at high latitudes advances above‐ground plant phenology, thereby affecting water, nutrient and carbon cycles. Despite the key role of fine roots in these ecosystem processes, phenological responses to earlier snowmelt have never been assessed below‐ground.

We experimentally advanced snowmelt in two contrasting plant community types (heath and meadow) in northern Sweden and measured above‐ and below‐ground phenology (leaf‐out, flowering and fine root growth). We expected earlier snowmelt to advance both above‐ and below‐ground phenology, and shrub‐dominated heath to be more responsive than meadow.

Snow melted on average 9 days earlier in the manipulated plots than in controls, and soil temperatures were on average 0·9 °C higher during the snowmelt period of 3 weeks. This resulted in small advances in above‐ground phenology, but contrary to our expectations, root phenology was unresponsive, with root growth generally starting before leaf‐out. These responses to the snowmelt treatment were similar in both plant community types, despite strong differences in dominating plant functional types and root properties, such as root length and turnover.

The lack of a response in root phenology, despite warmer soil temperatures and above‐ground phenological advances, adds evidence that above‐ground plant responses might not be directly translated to below‐ground plant responses, and that our understanding of factors driving below‐ground phenology is still limited, although of major importance for water, nutrient and carbon cycling.
Capturing the ‘art’ of emergency medicine: Does film foster reflection in medical students?
Authors: Brand Gabrielle , Wise Steve , Siddiqui Zarrin S , Celenza Antonio , Fatovich Daniel M
Published: March 2017

Objective

Integrating arts and humanities‐based pedagogy into curricula is of growing interest among medical educators, particularly how it promotes reflection and empathy. Our aim was to explore whether a 2.50 min film titled ‘The Art of the ED’ stimulated reflective learning processes in a group of first year medical students.

Methods

The film was shown prior to their first clinical placement in an ED. Student participation was voluntary and not assessable. Using an exploratory qualitative research approach, this study drew on data collected from students’ individual written reflections, exploring their perceptions towards clinical experience in an emergency medicine (EM) attachment.

Results

A total of 123 (51% of 240) students submitted a reflection. The qualitative data revealed three main themes: the opportunity for students to preview EM (‘While watching the film, I felt like I was the patient and the doctor all at once, in that I was living the experience both from within and as an observer …’); exposed the reality of ED; and fostered a growing awareness of the fragility of human life.

Conclusions

These findings highlight how visual methodologies (like film) create a safe, non‐threatening space to access, experience and process emotion around their perceptions towards EM, and to anticipate and emotionally prepare for their impending clinical experience in the ED. These data support the use of visual methodologies to foster reflective processes that assist medical students to integrate the ‘art’ of EM, and the development and commitment of core doctoring values of empathy, service and respect for patients.