bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocular conjunctival inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 can cause mild COVID-19 in rhesus macaques
Authors: Deng Wei , Bao Linlin , Gao Hong , Xiang Zhiguang , Qu Yajin , Song Zhiqi , Gong Shuran , Liu Jiayi , Liu Jiangning , Yu Pin , Qi Feifei , Xu Yanfeng , Li Fengli , Xiao Chong , Lv Qi , Xue Jing , Wei Qiang , Liu Mingya , Wang Guanpeng , Wang Shunyi , Yu Haisheng , Chen Ting , Liu Xing , Zhao Wenjie , Han Yunlin , Qin Chuan
Published: September 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly transmitted through the respiratory route, but potential extra-respiratory routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission remain uncertain. Here we inoculated five rhesus macaques with 1 × 106 TCID50 of SARS-CoV-2 conjunctivally (CJ), intratracheally (IT), and intragastrically (IG). Nasal and throat swabs collected from CJ and IT had detectable viral RNA at 1–7 days post-inoculation (dpi). Viral RNA was detected in anal swabs from only the IT group at 1–7 dpi. Viral RNA was undetectable in tested swabs and tissues after intragastric inoculation. The CJ infected animal had a higher viral load in the nasolacrimal system than the IT infected animal but also showed mild interstitial pneumonia, suggesting distinct virus distributions. This study shows that infection via the conjunctival route is possible in non-human primates; further studies are necessary to compare the relative risk and pathogenesis of infection through these different routes in more detail.
Analysis of chromatin organization and gene expression in T cells identifies functional genes for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yang Jing , McGovern Amanda , Martin Paul , Duffus Kate , Ge Xiangyu , Zarrineh Peyman , Morris Andrew P. , Adamson Antony , Fraser Peter , Rattray Magnus , Eyre Stephen
Published: September 2020

Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variation contributing to complex disease risk. However, assigning causal genes and mechanisms has been more challenging because disease-associated variants are often found in distal regulatory regions with cell-type specific behaviours. Here, we collect ATAC-seq, Hi-C, Capture Hi-C and nuclear RNA-seq data in stimulated CD4+ T cells over 24 h, to identify functional enhancers regulating gene expression. We characterise changes in DNA interaction and activity dynamics that correlate with changes in gene expression, and find that the strongest correlations are observed within 200 kb of promoters. Using rheumatoid arthritis as an example of T cell mediated disease, we demonstrate interactions of expression quantitative trait loci with target genes, and confirm assigned genes or show complex interactions for 20% of disease associated loci, including FOXO1, which we confirm using CRISPR/Cas9.
Reconfigurable emergent patterns in active chiral fluids
Authors: Zhang Bo , Sokolov Andrey , Snezhko Alexey
Published: September 2020

Active fluids comprised of autonomous spinning units injecting energy and angular momentum at the microscopic level represent a promising platform for active materials design. The complexity of the accessible dynamic states is expected to dramatically increase in the case of chiral active units. Here, we use shape anisotropy of colloidal particles to introduce chiral rollers with activity-controlled curvatures of their trajectories and spontaneous handedness of their motion. By controlling activity through variations of the energizing electric field, we reveal emergent dynamic phases, ranging from a gas of spinners to aster-like vortices and rotating flocks, with either polar or nematic alignment of the particles. We demonstrate control and reversibility of these dynamic states by activity. Our findings provide insights into the onset of spatial and temporal coherence in a broad class of active chiral systems, both living and synthetic, and hint at design pathways for active materials based on self-organization and reconfigurability.
Taking electrodecarboxylative etherification beyond Hofer–Moest using a radical C–O coupling strategy
Authors: Martínez Ángel Manu , Hayrapetyan Davit , van Lingen Tim , Dyga Marco , Gooßen Lukas J.
Published: September 2020

Established electrodecarboxylative etherification protocols are based on Hofer-Moest-type reaction pathways. An oxidative decarboxylation gives rise to radicals, which are further oxidised to carbocations. This is possible only for benzylic or otherwise stabilised substrates. Here, we report the electrodecarboxylative radical-radical coupling of lithium alkylcarboxylates with 1-hydroxybenzotriazole at platinum electrodes in methanol/pyridine to afford alkyl benzotriazole ethers. The substrate scope of this electrochemical radical coupling extends to primary and secondary alkylcarboxylates. The benzotriazole products easily undergo reductive cleavage to the alcohols. They can also serve as synthetic hubs to access a wide variety of functional groups. This reaction prototype demonstrates that electrodecarboxylative C–O bond formation can be taken beyond the intrinsic substrate limitations of Hofer-Moest mechanisms.
Synthesis, characterization, and regeneration of an inorganic–organic nanocomposite (ZnO@biomass) and its application in the capture of cationic dye
Authors: Akpomie Kovo G. , Conradie Jeanet
Published: September 2020

Despite the efficiency of ZnO nanoparticle (NPs) composite adsorbents in the adsorption of various pollutants, there is presently no report on the combo of ZnONPs with biomass for adsorption. Besides, there is a dearth of information on the biosorption of celestine blue (CEB), a dye used in the nuclear and textile industry. In this study, biogenic-chemically mediated synthesis of a composite (ZnO@ACP) was prepared by the impregnation of ZnONPs onto Ananas comosus waste (ACP) for the adsorption of CEB. The SEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD, BET, and TGA characterizations showed the successful presence of ZnONPs on the biomass to form a nanocomposite. The uptake of CEB was enhanced by the incorporation of ZnONPs on ACP. A faster CEB adsorption onto ZnO@ACP (120 min) compared to ACP (160 min) was observed. The Langmuir (R2 > 0.9898) and pseudo-second-order (R2 > 0.9518) models were most appropriate in the description of the adsorption process. The impregnation of ZnONPs onto the biomass enhanced the spontaneity of the process and displayed endothermic characteristics. High CEB desorption of 81.3% from the dye loaded ZnO@ACP as well as efficient reusability showed the efficacy of the prepared nanocomposite for CEB adsorption.
Prediction of cardiopulmonary events using the STOP-Bang questionnaire in patients undergoing bronchoscopy with moderate sedation
Authors: Cho Jaeyoung , Choi Sun Mi , Park Young Sik , Lee Chang-Hoon , Lee Sang-Min , Yoo Chul-Gyu , Kim Young Whan , Lee Jinwoo
Published: September 2020

The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of patients at a high risk of having OSA by using a screening questionnaire and to investigate whether the questionnaire can predict patients who are at risk of cardiopulmonary events occurring during a bronchoscopy under sedation. We prospectively enrolled consecutive adult patients who underwent flexible bronchoscopies under moderate sedation. The snoring, tiredness, observed apnea, high blood pressure-body mass index, age, neck circumference and gender (STOP-Bang) questionnaire was used to identify patients at a high (score ≥ 3 of 8) or low risk (score < 3 of 8) of having OSA. The cardiopulmonary events included hypoxemia and hypotension. Multivariable logistic regression was performed with variables selected by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The prevalence of a STOP-Bang score of ≥ 3 was 67.2% (195/290), and 36.9% (107/290) experienced cardiopulmonary events. The multivariable analysis adjusting for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, baseline SpO2, and procedure time revealed that a STOP-Bang score of ≥ 3 was significantly associated with cardiopulmonary events in a subgroup of patients without a history of cerebrovascular disease (adjusted odds ratio, 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–3.54). The STOP-Bang questionnaire can predict cardiopulmonary events occurring during this procedure.

Trial registration: NCT03325153.
Serum Midkine, estimated glomerular filtration rate and chronic kidney disease-related events in elderly women: Perth Longitudinal Study of Aging Women
Authors: Wang Jeffrey , Lewis Joshua R. , Byrnes Elizabeth , Wong Germaine , Raymond Warren D. , Zhu Kun , Robertson Graham R. , Lim Wai H. , Cao Qi , Prince Richard L. , Lee Vincent W.
Published: September 2020

Midkine (MDK), a heparin-binding growth factor cytokine, is involved in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases by augmenting leukocyte trafficking and activation. Animal models and small case control studies have implicated MDK as a pathological biomarker in chronic kidney diseases (CKD), however this is yet to be confirmed in prospective human studies. In a prospective study of 499 elderly, predominantly Caucasian women aged over 70 years the association between serum MDK collected in 1998, and renal function change and the risk of CKD-related hospitalisations and deaths at 5 and 14.5 years, respectively, was examined. Baseline serum MDK was not associated with 5-year change in estimated glomerular filtration rate using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine and cystatin C equation (Standardised β = − 0.09, 95% confidence interval − 3.76–0.48, p = 0.129), 5-year rapid decline in renal function (odds ratio = 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.46–2.02, p = 0.927) or the risk of 14.5-year CKD-related hospitalisations and deaths (hazard ratio = 1.27, 95% confidence interval .66–2.46, p = 0.470) before or after adjusting for major risk factors. In conclusion, in this cohort of elderly women with normal or mildly impaired renal function, serum MDK was not associated with renal function change or future CKD-related hospitalisations and deaths, suggesting that MDK may not be an early biomarker for progression of CKD.
A deep learning approach in diagnosing fungal keratitis based on corneal photographs
Authors: Kuo Ming-Tse , Hsu Benny Wei-Yun , Yin Yu-Kai , Fang Po-Chiung , Lai Hung-Yin , Chen Alexander , Yu Meng-Shan , Tseng Vincent S.
Published: September 2020

Fungal keratitis (FK) is the most devastating and vision-threatening microbial keratitis, but clinical diagnosis a great challenge. This study aimed to develop and verify a deep learning (DL)-based corneal photograph model for diagnosing FK. Corneal photos of laboratory-confirmed microbial keratitis were consecutively collected from a single referral center. A DL framework with DenseNet architecture was used to automatically recognize FK from the photo. The diagnoses of FK via corneal photograph for comparing DL-based models were made in the Expert and NCS-Oph group through a majority decision of three non-corneal specialty ophthalmologist and three corneal specialists, respectively. The average percentage of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value was approximately 71, 68, 60, and 78. The sensitivity was higher than that of the NCS-Oph (52%, P < .01), whereas the specificity was lower than that of the NCS-Oph (83%, P < .01). The average accuracy of around 70% was comparable with that of the NCS-Oph. Therefore, the sensitive DL-based diagnostic model is a promising tool for improving first-line medical care at rural area in early identification of FK.
Advanced distributed feedback lasers based on composite fiber heavily doped with erbium ions
Authors: Skvortsov Mikhail I. , Wolf Alexey A. , Vlasov Alexander A. , Proskurina Kseniya V. , Dostovalov Alexander V. , Egorova Olga N. , Galagan Boris I. , Sverchkov Sergey E. , Denker Boris I. , Semjonov Sergey L. , Babin Sergey A.
Published: September 2020

Specially designed composite heavily Er3+-doped fiber in combination with unique point-by-point inscription technology by femtosecond pulses at 1,026 nm enables formation of distributed-feedback (DFB) laser with ultra-short cavity length of 5.3 mm whose parameters are comparable and even better than those for conventional Er3+-doped fiber DFB lasers having much longer cavity. The composite fiber was fabricated by melting rare-earth doped phosphate glass in silica tube. The ultra-short DFB laser generates single-polarization single-frequency radiation at 1,550 nm with narrow linewidth (3.5 kHz) and 0.5 mW output power at 600 mW 980-nm pumping. The same fiber with conventional CW UV (244 nm) inscription technology using phase mask enables fabrication of 40-mm long DFB laser with > 18 mW output power at 3.3% pump conversion, which is a record efficiency for Er3+-doped fiber DFB lasers. The developed technologies form an advanced platform for Er3+-doped fiber DFB lasers operating around 1.55 µm with excellent output characteristics and unique practical features, in particular, the ultra-short DFB lasers are attractive for sensing applications.
Direct formalin fixation induces widespread transcriptomic effects in archival tissue samples
Authors: Wehmas Leah C. , Hester Susan D. , Wood Charles E.
Published: September 2020

Sequencing technologies now provide unprecedented access to genomic information in archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. However, little is known about artifacts induced during formalin fixation, which could bias results. Here we evaluated global changes in RNA-sequencing profiles between matched frozen and FFPE samples. RNA-sequencing was performed on liver samples collected from mice treated with a reference chemical (phenobarbital) or vehicle control for 7 days. Each sample was divided into four parts: (1) fresh-frozen, (2) direct-fixed in formalin for 18 h, (3) frozen then formalin-fixed, and (4) frozen then ethanol-fixed and paraffin-embedded (n = 6/group/condition). Direct fixation resulted in 2,946 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) vs. fresh-frozen, 98% of which were down-regulated. Freezing prior to formalin fixation had ≥ 95% fewer DEGs vs. direct fixation, indicating that most formalin-derived transcriptional effects in the liver occurred during fixation. This finding was supported by retrospective studies of paired frozen and FFPE samples, which identified consistent enrichment in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and transcription initiation pathways with direct fixation. Notably, direct formalin fixation in the parent study did not significantly impact response profiles resulting from chemical exposure. These results advance our understanding of FFPE samples as a resource for genomic research.
Autocatalytic DNAzyme assembly for amplified intracellular imaging
Authors: Gong Keke , Wu Qiong , Wang Hong , He Shizhen , Shang Jinhua , Wang Fuan
Published: September 2020

An autonomously catalytic assembly of an HCR-DNAzyme circuit was facilely constructed for reliable intracellular miR-21 imaging.
Fabrication of Cu(ii) based halobenzoate appended ladder polymers with efficient charge transport properties
Authors: Islam Sakhiul , Pal Baishakhi , Khan Samim , Maity Suvendu , Naaz Sanobar , Ghosh Prasanta , Ray Partha Pratim , Mir Mohammad Hedayetullah
Published: September 2020

Two novel 1D Cu(ii) CPs based on halo-substituted benzoate ligands together with an N-donor bpe spacer ligand exhibit high electrical conductivity and reveal Schottky diode behaviour.
WSi2 nanodot reinforced Si particles as anodes for high performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Xiangyang , Luo Chucheng , Ding Jing , Yang Juan , Tang Jingjing
Published: September 2020

Si-based anodes are attracting enormous attention due to the super-high theoretical capacity of silicon (3579 mA h g−1 at room temperature) as an anode of lithium-ion batteries.
Hydrogen inserted into the Si(100)-2 × 1-H surface: a first-principles study
Authors: Pavlova Tatiana V.
Published: September 2020

Hydrogen inserted into Si(100)-2 × 1 can lead to the formation of a positively or negatively charged defect complex.
The stability of coordination polyhedrons and distribution of europium ions in Ca6BaP4O17
Authors: Ma Fengkai , Zhou Rongfu , Su Fang , Ou Yiyi , Liang Hongbin
Published: September 2020

Polyhedron-tilt-induced coordination structural transformation and the stabilities are intimately related to dynamic environments.
Introductory lecture: when the density of the noninteracting reference system is not the density of the physical system in density functional theory
Authors: Jin Ye , Su Neil Qiang , Chen Zehua , Yang Weitao
Published: September 2020

We develop expressions for electron density defined through the linear response for general density functional approximations, demonstrating results for orbital functionals and for many-body perturbation theory, and explore the connections to developments in DFT.
Fully bio-based epoxidized soybean oil thermosets for high performance triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Pansumdaeng Jarawee , Kuntharin Saman , Harnchana Viyada , Supanchaiyamat Nontipa
Published: September 2020

Schematic working mechanism of an ESO-based TENG.
3× multiplexed detection of antibiotic resistant plasmids with single molecule sensitivity
Authors: Meena G. G. , Hanson R. L. , Wood R. L. , Brown O. T. , Stott M. A. , Robison R. A. , Pitt W. G. , Woolley A. T. , Hawkins A. R. , Schmidt H.
Published: September 2020

This work presents a rapid sample-to-answer system enabling multiplexed detection of three carbapenem antibiotic resistance plasmids with single molecule sensitivity.
Supra-molecular agents running tasks intelligently (SMARTI): recent developments in molecular logic-based computation
Authors: Yao Chao-Yi , Lin Hong-Yu , Crory Hannah S. N. , de Silva A. Prasanna
Published: September 2020

Molecular logic-based computation for a variety of uses is occurring in over a thousand laboratories worldwide, where supramolecular associations are key.
Bioorthogonal release of anticancer drugs via gold-triggered 2-alkynylbenzamide cyclization
Authors: Vong Kenward , Yamamoto Tomoya , Chang Tsung-che , Tanaka Katsunori
Published: September 2020

With the 2-alkynylbenzamide (Ayba) group, this study shows that secondary amines can be released under mild and physiological conditions. Its amenable nature and orthogonality with other metals also allows greater control in prodrug design.
Magnesium-mediated sp3 C–H activation in cascade cyclization of 1-arylethynyl-2-alkyl-o-carboranes: efficient synthesis of carborane-fused cyclopentanes
Authors: Zhang Jie , Tang Cen , Xie Zuowei
Published: September 2020

An unprecedented cascade cyclization of 1-arylethynyl-2-alkyl-o-carboranes with Grignard reagent for synthesizing carborane-fused cyclopentanes has been disclosed, in which magnesium-mediated intramolecular sp3 C–H activation serves as a key step.
A Community-Based Program for Exercise and Social Participation for Individuals With Parkinson's Disease: A Multidisciplinary Model
Authors: Moya-Galé Gemma , Rossi Amerigo , States Rebecca A.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifaceted condition characterized by motor and nonmotor symptoms that greatly reduce individuals' quality of life. Although treatment models in speech therapy have traditionally focused on a monodisciplinary approach, benefits from allied health care have been reported for over a decade. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to describe the multidisciplinary program developed at Long Island University Brooklyn to address the needs of individuals with PD in an inclusive and diverse setting.

Conclusions

This clinical focus article reviews the importance of multidisciplinary care models in the management of PD and highlights the efforts of our program in building a community-wide range of services to enhance exercise, social participation, and, above all, quality of life in our patients. Future directions of the program are also discussed.
Novel deep reinforcement learning‐based delay‐constrained buffer‐aided relay selection in cognitive cooperative networks
Authors: Huang Chong , Zhong Jie , Gong Yu , Abdullah Zaid , Chen Gaojie
Published: September 2020

In this Letter, a deep reinforcement learning‐based approach is proposed for the delay‐constrained buffer‐aided relay selection in a cooperative cognitive network. The proposed learning algorithm can efficiently solve the complicated relay selection problem, and achieves the optimal throughput when the buffer size and number of relays are large. In particular, the authors use the deep‐Q‐learning to design an agent to estimate a specific action for each state of the system, which is then utilised to provide an optimum trade‐off between throughput and a given delay constraint. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed scheme over conventional selection methods. More specifically, compared to the max‐ratio selection criteria, where the relay with the highest signal‐to‐interference ratio is selected, the proposed scheme achieves a significant throughput gain with higher throughput‐delay balance.
Compact and high‐performance UWB bandpass filter based on HMSIW
Authors: Huang Lei , Yuan Ye , Jiang Yun , Yuan Naichang
Published: September 2020

In this Letter, a compact and high‐performance ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter based on half‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) is proposed. A novel slow‐wave structure with lowpass characteristics is developed and loaded on the HMSIW to obtain the UWB frequency response and realise size‐reduction. Moreover, two rectangular slots are etched on the transition structures of the microstrip‐to‐HMSIW to obtain a good UWB impedance matching. As a verification, a prototype is designed, simulated, fabricated and measured. Good agreements can be observed between simulated and measured performances.
Zero‐variance minibatch Monte Carlo for pixel‐wise visual tracking
Authors: Park J. , Kwon J.
Published: September 2020

In this study, the authors present a novel visual tracking method using the pixel‐wise posterior estimation and minibatch Monte Carlo sampling. To avoid background pixels in the noisy bounding box representation, they estimate the posteriors in a pixel‐wise manner. To boost the pixel‐wise posterior estimation, they adopt minibatch Monte Carlo sampling, where only a small portion of pixels are used for inference. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed visual tracker produces accurate tracking results using a small portion of pixels for the posterior estimation and is comparable to state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Multi‐phase feedforward ring VCO with high frequency and low phase noise
Authors: Xie Lei , Sang Hao , Chen HaiYan , Liang Bin , Yan Li , Yuan Hengzhou
Published: September 2020

A novel feedforward‐coupling ring oscillator (FRVCO) is presented. A comparative study in terms of oscillation frequency and phase noise is conducted between the proposed model and the traditional FRVCO. Due to the improved delay cell, high oscillation frequency, low phase noise and uniform multi‐phase output can be achieved. Compared with the traditional FRVCO, under the same design parameters, the FRVCO proposed in this Letter can increase the oscillation frequency by 10% while reducing the phase noise at 1 MHz by at least 10 dB.
Joint learning of convolution neural networks for RGB‐D‐based human action recognition
Authors: Ren Ziliang , Zhang Qieshi , Qiao Piye , Niu Maolong , Gao Xiangyang , Cheng Jun
Published: September 2020

RGB‐D‐based human action recognition aims to learn distinctive features from different modalities and has shown good progress in practice. However, it is difficult to improve the recognition performance through directly training multiple individual convolutional networks (ConvNets) and fusing features later because complmentary information between different modalities cannot be learned. To address this issue, this Letter proposes a single two‐stream ConvNets framework for multimodality learning that extract features through RGB and depth streams. Specifically, the authors first represent RGB‐D sequence to motion images as the inputs of the proposed ConvNets for obtaining spatial–temporal information. Then, a features fusion and joint training strategy is adapted to learn RGB‐D complementary features simultaneously. Experimental results on benchmark NTU RGB+D 120 dataset validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and demonstrate that two‐stream ConvNets outperforms the current state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Abia C. , Tabernero H. M. , Korotin S. A. , Montes D. , Marfil E. , Caballero J. A. , Straniero O. , Prantzos N. , Ribas I. , Reiners A. , Quirrenbach A. , Amado P. J. , Béjar V. J. S. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Dreizler S. , Henning Th. , Jeffers S. V. , Kaminski A. , Kürster M. , Lafarga M. , López-Gallifa Á. , Morales J. C. , Nagel E. , Passegger V. M. , Pedraz S. , Rodríguez López C. , Schweitzer A. , Zechmeister M.
Published: September 2020

Due to their ubiquity and very long main-sequence lifetimes, abundance determinations in M dwarfs provide a powerful and alternative tool to GK dwarfs to study the formation and chemical enrichment history of our Galaxy. In this study, abundances of the neutron-capture elements Rb, Sr, and Zr are derived, for the first time, in a sample of nearby M dwarfs. We focus on stars in the metallicity range − 0.5 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ +0.3, an interval poorly explored for Rb abundances in previous analyses. To do this we use high-resolution, high-signal-to-noise-ratio, optical and near-infrared spectra of 57 M dwarfs observed with CARMENES. The resulting [Sr/Fe] and [Zr/Fe] ratios for most M dwarfs are almost constant at about the solar value, and are identical to those found in GK dwarfs of the same metallicity. However, for Rb we find systematic underabundances ([Rb/Fe] < 0.0) by a factor two on average. Furthermore, a tendency is found for Rb – but not for other heavy elements (Sr, Zr) – to increase with increasing metallicity such that [Rb/Fe] ≳ 0.0 is attained at metallicities higher than solar. These are surprising results, never seen for any other heavy element, and are difficult to understand within the formulation of the s- and r-processes, both contributing sources to the Galactic Rb abundance. We discuss the reliability of these findings for Rb in terms of non-LTE (local thermodynamic equilibrium) effects, stellar activity, or an anomalous Rb abundance in the Solar System, but no explanation is found. We then interpret the full observed [Rb/Fe] versus [Fe/H] trend within the framework of theoretical predictions from state-of-the-art chemical evolution models for heavy elements, but a simple interpretation is not found either. In particular, the possible secondary behaviour of the [Rb/Fe] ratio at super-solar metallicities would require a much larger production of Rb than currently predicted in AGB stars through the s-process without overproducing Sr and Zr.
Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations in Patients with Primary Ovarian Cancer – Does the German Checklist for Detecting the Risk of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Adequately Depict the Need for Consultation?
Authors: Ataseven Beyhan , Tripon Denise , Rhiem Kerstin , Harter Philipp , Schneider Stephanie , Heitz Florian , Baert Thais , Traut Alexander , Pauly Nina , Ehmann Sarah , Plett Helmut , Schmutzler Rita K. , du Bois Andreas
Published: September 2020

Background BRCA1/2 mutations are the leading cause of hereditary epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer has defined inclusion criteria, which are retrievable as a checklist and facilitate genetic counselling/testing for affected persons with a mutation probability of ≥ 10%. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence of the BRCA1/2 mutation(s) based on the checklist score (CLS).

Methods A retrospective data analysis was performed on EOC patients with a primary diagnosis treated between 1/2011 – 5/2019 at the Central Essen Clinics, where a BRCA1/2 genetic analysis result and a CLS was available. Out of 545 cases with a BRCA1/2 result (cohort A), 453 cases additionally had an extended gene panel result (cohort B).

Results A BRCA1/2 mutation was identified in 23.3% (127/545) in cohort A, pathogenic mutations in non-BRCA1/2 genes were revealed in a further 6.2% in cohort B. In cohort A, 23.3% (127/545) of patients had a BRCA1 (n = 92) or BRCA2 (n = 35) mutation. Singular EOC (CLS 2) was present in 40.9%. The prevalence for a BRCA1/2 mutation in cohort A was 10.8%, 17.2%, 25.0%, 35.1%, 51.4% and 66.7% for patients with CLS 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and ≥ 7 respectively. The mutation prevalence in cohort B was 15.9%, 16.4%, 28.2%, 40.4%, 44.8% and 62.5% for patients with CLS 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and ≥ 7 respectively.

Conclusions The BRCA1/2 mutation prevalence in EOC patients positively correlates with a rising checklist score. Already with singular EOC, the prevalence of a BRCA1/2 mutation exceeds the required 10% threshold. Our data support the recommendation of the S3 guidelines Ovarian Cancer of offering genetic testing to all patients with EOC. Optimisation of the checklist with clear identification of the testing indication in this population should therefore be aimed for.
Current Pharmacological Trends on Myricetin
Authors: Gupta Gudiya , Siddiqui Mohd Aftab , Khan Mohd Muazzam , Ajmal Mohd , Ahsan Rabiya , Rahaman Md Azizur , Ahmad Md Afroz , Arshad Md , Khushtar Mohammad
Published: September 2020

Myricetin is a member of the group of ﬂavonoids called ﬂavonols. Myricetin is obtained from various fruit, vegetables, tea, berries and red wine. Myricetin is characterized by the pysrogallol B-ring, and the more hydroxylated structure is known to be capable for its increased biological properties compared with other ﬂavonols. Myricetin is produced by the Myricaceae, Anacardiaceae, Polygonaceae, Pinaceae and Primulacea families. It is soluble in organic solvent such as ethanol, DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), and dimethyl formamide (DMF). It is sparingly soluble in aqueous buffers. Myricetin shows its various pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-amyloidogenic, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inﬂammatory, anti-epileptic and anti-ulcer. This review article focuses on pharmacological effects of Myricetin on different diseases such as osteoporotic disorder, anti-inflammatory disorder, alzheimer’s disease, anti-epileptic, cancer, cardiac disorder, diabetic metabolic disorder, hepatoprotective disorder and gastro protective disorder.
Management Dilemmas in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury on Anticoagulants
Authors: Dwarakanath Srinivas , Deora Harsh
Published: September 2020

Introduction A normal individual with normal hemostasis maintains a balance between thrombus formation and destruction using a complex interaction between the smooth vascular endothelium, the coagulation cascade, the platelet aggregation system, and the fibrinolysis mechanism. However, in patients who are on either antiplatelet drugs (APDs) or anticoagulants (ACDs), this normal homeostasis is altered. This is further altered with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and thus, we need specific guidelines to address this subpopulation to decide the length of observation, avoid unnecessary hospitalization, and relieve the economic burden. There exists a very few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for this clinical question and a thorough risk–benefit analysis for each patient is prudent before making clinical decisions.

Materials and Methods This is a review article based on available evidence published in literature.

Results There are multiple therapeutic drugs which act on various stages of the coagulation mechanism. These include antiplatelet agents, Vitamin K antagonists, Heparin, Antithrombin III, and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIA inhibitors. While the initial management of head injuries depends on the severity of head injuries, management of head injuries in patients on anticoagulants needs to be approached with care and caution. There are multiple dilemmas including role of CT scans, duration and reason for admission, when to restart anticoagulation, etc. We suggest the recommendations based on available literature; however, no evidence can be given as these are not based on any RCTs, due to paucity of such studies.

Conclusion The guidelines are based on previously conducted trials and consensus. We have attempted to provide a pragmatic and practical approach to such cases with the hope that it will ensure minimum risks with the best possible patient outcomes. The entire journey from patient presentation to follow-up has been covered in this article and we hope this would be useful to all practicing in the field of neurotrauma.
Comparative Evaluation of In-House and Commercial Real-Time PCR Methods for the Detection of the BK and JC Viruses in Clinical Samples
Authors: Özdemir Mehmet , Ayan Uğur , Şevik Murat
Published: September 2020

Aim The two most common human polyomaviruses are the BK (BKV) and JC viruses (JCV). Diseases associated with polyomavirus usually occur in cases of severe cellular immunosuppression. BKV and JCV can cause many diseases, especially if they are reactivated in an immunosuppressed host. The aim of this study is to compare and evaluate the results of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods targeting the small and large T gene regions of the viral genome, considering polymorphisms occurring in the viral genome of BKV and JCV.

Materials and Methods Urinary specimens of 82 patients were taken from immunosuppressed patient and sent to molecular microbiology laboratory of Meram Medical Faculty. The small t gene was investigated using a commercial kit (LightMix, Roche) by real-time PCR method. Large T gene was investigated by using the optimized in-house real-time PCR method. Sequence analysis was accepted as the standard method.

Results BKV positivity was detected in 9 samples and JCV positivity in 61 samples by real-time PCR method specific to small t gene region; BKV positivity in 21 samples and JCV positivity in 67 samples were determined by real-time PCR method specific to the large T gene region. Statistically, there was a significant difference for BKV, but not significant difference for JCV detection between the two methods.

Conclusion Different polymorphisms in the target gene regions were responsible for the different outcomes obtained from this study. With this sensitivity and specificity, in-house PCR method which we used is a candidate for routine diagnosis.
Distribution of Lymphoma Subtypes in Bihar—Analysis of 518 Cases Using the WHO Classification of Lymphoid Tumors (2017)
Authors: Lisa Mona , Verma Pranab Kumar , Mustaqueem Syed Fiza ,   Shuchismita,   Nishi
Published: September 2020

Introduction The prevalent spectrum of the major subtypes of lymphoma varies across geographical regions. Through this study we aim to study the distribution of lymphoma in the state of Bihar by studying the immunophenotypic features and classifying them according to World Health Organization (WHO) 2017. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of this type from Bihar

Patients and Methods All the cases diagnosed as lymphoma between January 2016 and June 2019 in the Department of Pathology Mahavir Cancer Sansthan were included in the study. The cases were reviewed by two pathologists and diagnostically difficult cases were referred to higher center for opinion. A total of 518 cases were diagnosed as lymphoma.

Results B cell lymphomas formed 79.1%, whereas T cell lymphomas formed 16.2% of the total. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) was seen in 19.6% cases. Among the non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), diffuse large B cell lymphoma was the most common subtype (58% of all NHLs). Follicular center-cell lymphomas, B cell small lymphocytic lymphoma, mantle-cell lymphoma, and marginal zone B cell lymphomas (including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas) amounted to 2.1, 6.9, 4.5, and 0.95%, respectively. Among the T cell lymphomas, T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, anaplastic large-cell lymphomas of T/null-cell type, and other nodal peripheral T cell lymphomas accounted for 4.7, 8.1 and 6.6% of all cases, respectively.

Conclusions The prevalence of lymphoma subtypes in India is different from the rest of the world. We have analyzed the distribution of lymphomas in Bihar and compared it with other studies from India. Follicular lymphoma and mantle-cell lymphoma are less common in India compared with the west. Peripheral T cell lymphomas and T/NK-cell lymphomas of nasal types are less prevalent than some Asian countries but are more prevalent than the west. T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma and anaplastic large T/null cell lymphoma are more common in India.
Fundamental cupolets of chaotic systems
Authors: Morena Matthew A. , Short Kevin M.
Published: September 2020

Cupolets are a relatively new class of waveforms that represent highly accurate approximations to the unstable periodic orbits of chaotic systems, and large numbers can be efficiently generated via a control method where small kicks are applied along intersections with a control plane. Cupolets exhibit the interesting property that a given set of controls, periodically repeated, will drive the associated chaotic system onto a uniquely defined cupolet regardless of the system’s initial state. We have previously demonstrated a method for efficiently steering from one cupolet to another using a graph-theoretic analysis of the connections between these orbits. In this paper, we discuss how connections between cupolets can be analyzed to show that complicated cupolets are often composed of combinations of simpler cupolets. Hence, it is possible to distinguish cupolets according to their reducibility: a cupolet is classified either as composite, if its orbit can be decomposed into the orbits of other cupolets or as fundamental, if no such decomposition is possible. In doing so, we demonstrate an algorithm that not only classifies each member of a large collection of cupolets as fundamental or composite, but that also determines a minimal set of fundamental cupolets that can exactly reconstruct the orbit of a given composite cupolet. Furthermore, this work introduces a new way to generate higher-order cupolets simply by adjoining fundamental cupolets via sequences of controlled transitions. This allows for large collections of cupolets to be collapsed onto subsets of fundamental cupolets without losing any dynamical information. We conclude by discussing potential future applications.
Evolution of superparamagnetism in the electrochemical dealloying process
Authors: Gößler M. , Nachtnebel M. , Schröttner H. , Krenn H. , Steyskal E.-M. , Würschum R.
Published: September 2020

In situ superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry provides insights into the electrochemical dealloying mechanism of a CoPd alloy. Charge-dependent measurements of magnetic moment allow the separation of primary and secondary dealloying contributions. Coercivity evolution revealed the transition from collective ferromagnetism to superparamagnetism of small alloy clusters evolving in the dealloying process, which is interpreted as an “inverse” magnetic percolation problem. Temperature-dependent magnetization curves enable a qualitative comparison of magnetic cluster size distributions in the nanoporous Pd framework, which are found to be strongly influenced by dealloying potential. The study underlines the potential of electrochemical dealloying as a promising method for the preparation of tailor-made magnetic nanostructures.
Amusement Park Physics
Authors: Bakken Clarence
Published: September 2020

Amusement Park Physics gives teachers a gamut of subjects ranging from ways to incorporate amusement parks in classroom work to practical suggestions for taking a class to Physics Day. In between are methods of collecting data and approaches to analyzing it. Many resources are included, as well as suggestions of useful Internet sites.
Connecting the Park to the Classroom
Authors: Bakken Clarence
Published: September 2020

This handbook encourages the use of examples from amusement parks at appropriate points in the curriculum. Such examples are innately interesting and often present analyses that are not intuitively obvious. If students see items related to park rides before they actually attend Physics Day, they will be better prepared to make the most of their day.
Preconceptions in Mechanics
Authors: Camp Charles W. , Clement John J.
Published: September 2020

This second edition of Charles Camp and John Clement's book contains a set of 24 innovative lessons and laboratories in mechanics for high school physics classrooms that was developed by a team of teachers and science education researchers. Research has shown that certain student preconceptions conflict with current physical theories and seem to resist change when using traditional instructional techniques. This book provides a set of lessons that are aimed specifically at these particularly troublesome areas: Normal Forces, Friction, Newton's Third Law, Relative Motion, Gravity, Inertia, and Tension. The lessons can be used to supplement any course that includes mechanics.

Each unit contains detailed step by step lesson plans, homework and test problems, as_ well as background information on common student misconceptions, an overall integrated teaching strategy, and key aspects of the targeted core concepts. This edition has a number of substantial changes based on teacher input. A number of the lessons are adaptable for college level courses as well. Evaluations using pre-and post-tests have shown large gain differerfces over control groups.
Legal Implications of Safety
Authors:   American Association of Physics Teachers Apparatus Committee
Published: September 2020

In addition to the regular concern for safety, there is also a legal side to the subject. Instructors, the physics department, the school, and the county or state can incur legal liability in several ways, only one of which is relevant to us: negligent behavior.
Newton’s Second Law: Problem Solving and Situation Analysis
Authors: Morse Robert A.
Published: September 2020

The term “problem solving” generally brings to mind grinding through lots of equations and numbers. In this section I will address that form of problem solving, but also take a broader view of problem solving as situation analysis. What we really want is to teach students how to think productively in the context of physics. We would like them to be able to use their knowledge of physics to analyze a situation, describe it in various representations, and be able to predict qualitatively and quantitatively what will happen.
Optics
Authors: Mader Jan , Winn Mary
Published: September 2020

The activities included in the topic of optics address the following national standards and benchmarks:Light waves have energy and can transfer energy when they interact with matter.Objects can be seen when light waves emitted from or reflected by the object enter the eye.Light waves can superimpose on one another, diffract around corners, reflect off of surfaces, be absorbed, and refract as they enter a new transparent medium. These behaviors vary with the wavelength of light.
Getting Started
Authors: Lehman Cherie Bibo , Antinone Linda J. , Gastineau John E.
Published: September 2020

The first time you turn on the calculator the display may be so faint that you cannot see it. To change the contrast, press the [2nd] key (i.e., the yellow key) and then hold down the up arrow until the desired amount of contrast is reached. If you overshoot the optimum level, simply press [2nd] again and then hold down the down arrow to lighten the display.
Physics Olympics Activities
Authors: Lehman Cherie Bibo , Antinone Linda J. , Gastineau John E.
Published: September 2020

Use the graphing calculator to determine the angle of launch, which will provide maximum range for the shot put. It is not 45° since the shot lands lower than it starts. Estimate the height of the launch position and the speed with which the shot leaves the putter’s hand. Plot curves of position for the shot for different angles of launch in the parametric mode in order to determine the optimum launch angle.
Modern Physics: Inflation, and the Horizon and Flatness Problems
Authors: Krauss Lawrence M. , Starkman Glenn D.
Published: September 2020

Despite its successes, there are a number of problems facing big bang cosmology on which we have not yet touched. These problems fall into two quite distinct classes. The first are aesthetic difficulties; as we shall explain more fully below, the universe is much older, bigger, flatter, and more full of stuff than we would have expected if we had made some very natural assumptions about its beginning. The second set of difficulties have to do with real potential conflicts between theory and observation. We will start by discussing the aesthetic problems, partly because the only known solution to them that is also the most compelling reason for at least one possible conflict between theory and observation.
Assignments / Homework
Authors: Franklin Bill
Published: September 2020

Any of the problems in Section 10 could be used for homework assignments. Some are difficult enough that they are better suited for homework, when students have more time to think about them and are under less stress.
The Australian Earth System Model: ACCESS-ESM1.5
Authors: Ziehn Tilo , Chamberlain Matthew A. , Law Rachel M. , Lenton Andrew , Bodman Roger W. , Dix Martin , Stevens Lauren , Wang Ying-Ping , Srbinovsky Jhan
Published: September 2020

The Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS) has been extended to include land and ocean carbon cycle components to form an Earth System Model (ESM). The current version, ACCESS-ESM1.5, has been mainly developed to enable Australia to participate in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) with an ESM version. Here we describe the model components and changes to the previous version, ACCESS-ESM1. We use the 500-year pre-industrial control run to highlight the stability of the physical climate and the carbon cycle. The long spin-up, negligible drift in temperature and small pre-industrial net carbon fluxes (0.02 and 0.08 PgC year−1 for land and ocean respectively) highlight the suitability of ACCESS-ESM1.5 to explore modes of variability in the climate system and coupling to the carbon cycle. The physical climate and carbon cycle for the present day have been evaluated using the CMIP6 historical simulation by comparing against observations and ACCESS-ESM1. Although there is generally little change in the climate simulation from the earlier model, many aspects of the carbon simulation are improved. An assessment of the climate response to CO2 forcing indicates that ACCESS-ESM1.5 has an equilibrium climate sensitivity of 3.87°C.
Experimental assimilation of synthetic bogus tropical cyclone pressure observations into a high-resolution rapid-update NWP model
Authors: Rennie Susan , Fraser Jim
Published: September 2020

The effect of synthetic ‘bogus’ tropical cyclone (TC) central pressure observations on TC Owen was tested in a convective-scale numerical weather prediction (NWP) system with hourly 4D-Var assimilation. TC Owen traversed the Gulf of Carpentaria over 10–14 December 2018, entering from the east and briefly making landfall on the western edge before reversing course and retracing its path east to cross the northern tip of Queensland. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology runs a high-resolution NWP model centred over Darwin, which covers much of the Gulf of Carpentaria. The next-generation developmental version of this model includes data assimilation. Therefore, when TC Owen presented the opportunity to investigate the simulation of a TC within the domain, the developmental system was run as a case study. The modelled cyclone initially failed to intensify. The case study was then repeated including assimilation of bogus central pressure observations. This new run showed a large improvement in the intensity throughout the simulation; however, the TC track was not substantially improved. This demonstration of the potential impact of using synthetic observations may guide whether the development of a bogus observation source with sufficiently low latency for use in an hourly-cycling system should be prioritised.