bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity, Oropharynx, and Larynx: A Scoping Review of Treatment Guidelines Worldwide
Authors: Arboleda Lady Paola Aristizabal , de Carvalho Genival Barbosa , Santos-Silva Alan Roger , Fernandes Gisele Aparecida , Vartanian Jose Guilherme , Conway David I. , Virani Shama , Brennan Paul , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Curado Maria Paula
Published: September 2023

Head and neck cancer (HNC) treatments have been based on single or multimodal therapies with surgery, radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. However, treatment recommendations among countries may differ due to technological/human resources and usual local practices. This scoping review aims to identify, compare, and map the clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for treating squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx worldwide. A search strategy on global CPGs for HNC was performed by using five electronic databases and grey literature. CPGs were selected for inclusion using EndNote-20 and Rayyan online software. No language or publication date restrictions were applied. The results were analyzed descriptively considering the most updated CPG version. In total, 25 CPGs covering the head and neck region (10), the larynx (7), the oral cavity (5), and the oropharynx (3), were found in 13 geographical regions, and 19 were developed by medical societies from 1996 to 2023. Surgery and RT remain the main modalities for early-stage HNC, with surgery preferred in low-resource countries, and RT in selected cases, especially in the larynx/oropharynx aiming to achieve a cure with organ preservation. Human papillomavirus infection for oropharyngeal SCC is not tested in some Asian countries and there is still no consensus to treat p16-positive cases differently from p16-negative. Recommendations for larynx preservation vary according to facilities in each country, however, individualized choice is emphasized. Inequality across countries/continents is evident, with a similar pattern of recommendations among developed as well as developing ones. No CPGs were found in Latin America as well as Oceania countries, where the incidence of HNC is high and limitations of access to treatment may be encountered.
Differentially Expressed Genes, miRNAs and Network Models: A Strategy to Shed Light on Molecular Interactions Driving HNSCC Tumorigenesis
Authors: Arfin Saniya , Kumar Dhruv , Lomagno Andrea , Mauri Pietro Luigi , Di Silvestre Dario
Published: September 2023

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is among the most common cancer worldwide, accounting for hundreds thousands deaths annually. Unfortunately, most patients are diagnosed in an advanced stage and only a percentage respond favorably to therapies. To help fill this gap, we hereby propose a retrospective in silico study to shed light on gene–miRNA interactions driving the development of HNSCC. Moreover, to identify topological biomarkers as a source for designing new drugs. To achieve this, gene and miRNA profiles from patients and controls are holistically reevaluated using protein–protein interaction (PPI) and bipartite miRNA–target networks. Cytoskeletal remodeling, extracellular matrix (ECM), immune system, proteolysis, and energy metabolism have emerged as major functional modules involved in the pathogenesis of HNSCC. Of note, the landscape of our findings depicts a concerted molecular action in activating genes promoting cell cycle and proliferation, and inactivating those suppressive. In this scenario, genes, including VEGFA, EMP1, PPL, KRAS, MET, TP53, MMPs and HOXs, and miRNAs, including mir-6728 and mir-99a, emerge as key players in the molecular interactions driving HNSCC tumorigenesis. Despite the heterogeneity characterizing these HNSCC subtypes, and the limitations of a study pointing to relationships that could be context dependent, the overlap with previously published studies is encouraging. Hence, it supports further investigation for key molecules, both those already and not correlated to HNSCC.
Synthesizing and Characterizing a Mesoporous Silica Adsorbent for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture in a Fixed-Bed System
Authors: Hasan Hind , Al-Sudani Farah , Albayati Talib , Salih Issam , Harharah Hamed , Majdi Hasan , Saady Noori , Zendehboudi Sohrab , Amari Abdelfattah
Published: September 2023

MCM-41, a mesoporous silica with a high surface area and hexagonal structure, was synthesized, and commercial nano-silicon dioxide (SiO2) was used as a solid adsorbed in post-combustion CO2 capture. The CO2 adsorption experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed adsorption system using 5–15 vol.% CO2/N2 at a flow rate of 100 mL/min at varying temperatures (20–80 °C) and atmospheric pressure. Analyses (X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)) revealed that the synthesized MCM-41 has mesoporous characteristics: a high surface area and large pore volumes. The CO2 adsorption capacity of MCM-41 and commercial nano-SiO2 increased considerably with increasing CO2 concentration and temperature, peaking at 60 °C. Below 60 °C, dynamics rather than thermodynamics governed the adsorption. Increasing the temperature from 60 to 80 °C decreased the adsorption capacity, and the reaction became thermodynamically dominant. Additionally, compared with commercial nano-SiO2, the MCM-41 sorbent demonstrated superior regenerability and thermal stability.
Bimetallic (or Multimetallic) Synthesis of N-Heterocycles
Authors: Reis Ana Rita , Viduedo Nuno , Raydan Daniel , Marques Maria Manuel B.
Published: September 2023

Bimetallic (or multimetallic) catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool in modern chemical synthesis, offering improved reaction control and versatility. This review focuses on the recent developments in bimetallic sequential catalysis for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles, which are essential building blocks in pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. The cooperative action of two (sometimes more) different metal catalysts enables intricate control over reaction pathways, enhancing the selectivity and efficiency of the synthesis of N-heterocyclic compounds. By activating less reactive substrates, this multimetal catalytic strategy opens new synthetic possibilities for challenging compounds. The use of catalytic materials in bimetallic systems reduces waste and improves atom efficiency, aligning with green chemistry principles. With a diverse range of metal combinations and reaction conditions, bimetallic catalysis provides access to a broad array of N-heterocyclic compounds with various functionalities. This paper highlights the significant progress made in the past decade in this topic, emphasizing the promising potential of bimetallic catalysis in drug discovery and the fine chemical industries.
Catalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds Alone or in Mixture over Mg4Al2−xCex Mixed Oxides
Authors: Sahraoui Faiza , Haddad Naima , Lamonier Jean-François , Rabia Chérifa
Published: September 2023

This study investigates Ce-containing MgAl layered double hydroxides (LDH), focusing on its structural and catalytic properties. Mg4Al2−xCex (x = 0; 0.4; 0.8; 2) hydrotalcite-like compounds were prepared using the co-precipitation method. The effects of cerium content and calcination temperature on the structural and catalytic properties of Ce-containing MgAl LDH were investigated. The samples were characterized by XRD, BET, Raman, XPS, and DTA/TGA techniques. The catalytic activity of the resulting compound in n-butanol oxidation was studied. Increasing the calcination temperature (from 280 to 500 °C) caused changes in the structural, textural, and reducibility properties. The Mg4Al2−xCex LDH structure series (calcined at 280 °C) exhibited the highest catalytic activity, especially for x = 2. The material’s properties improved with increased Ce content, allowing complete butanol conversion below 280 °C. The formation of active sites occupied by cerium within the LDH structure, along with its reducibility properties, contributed to the material’s performance. The Ce3+/Ce4+ redox couple in the external layers enhanced O2− diffusion and their activation into nucleophilic species, facilitating butanol transformation. Adding water vapor to the reaction mixture slightly decreased the butanol oxidation, while the presence of ethyl acetate and butanol together exhibited a mutual inhibitory effect, with butanol demonstrating a more prominent influence.
Oxidation of Picoline with Oxygen to Nicotinic Acid against Co2+, NHPI, and Phosphonium or Ammonium Bromides
Authors: Lisicki Dawid , Talik Dorota , Orlińska Beata
Published: September 2023

Nicotinic acid (NA) is a heteroaromatic carboxylic acid mainly used as feed, in breakfast cereals, and as a beverage additive. Moreover, it is used as an anti-pellagra drug and as an ingredient in multivitamin supplements. It is manufactured using the Lonza process from 3-ethyl-3-methylpyridyne as a raw material using HNO3 as the oxidant agent. However, the use of such an oxidant is connected with greenhouse gases, thus making the technology non-ecological. Another industrial process is oxidative ammonolysis of 3-picoline followed by hydrolysis of a reaction intermediate to NA. This paper presents the results of research on the selective oxidation of 3-picoline with oxygen to NA. Bromide organic salts, including ionic liquids, N-hydroxyphtalimide, and cobalt(II) salts, were used as the catalysts. The reaction was carried out with acetic acid (AcOH) as a solvent. The bromide salts imidazolium bromide, quaternary ammonium bromide, and quaternary phosphonium bromide were used. They also fill the role of corrosion inhibitors caused by the acidic and highly oxidative reaction environment.
Systemic Inflammatory Disorders, Immunosuppressive Treatment and Increase Risk of Head and Neck Cancers—A Narrative Review of Potential Physiopathological and Biological Mechanisms
Authors: Vale Nuno , Pereira Mariana , Mendes Rui Amaral
Published: September 2023

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are known to present multiple factors likely to influence their development. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current scientific literature on the interplay between systemic inflammatory disorders, immunosuppressive treatments and their synergistic effect on HNC risk. Both cell-mediated and humoral-mediated systemic inflammatory disorders involve dysregulated immune responses and chronic inflammation and these inflammatory conditions have been associated with an increased risk of HNC development, primarily in the head and neck region. Likewise, the interaction between systemic inflammatory disorders and immunosuppressive treatments appears to amplify the risk of HNC development, as chronic inflammation fosters a tumor-promoting microenvironment, while immunosuppressive therapies further compromise immune surveillance and anti-tumor immune responses. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this interaction is crucial for developing targeted prevention strategies and therapeutic interventions. Additionally, the emerging field of immunotherapy provides potential avenues for managing HNCs associated with systemic inflammatory disorders, but further research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety in this specific context. Future studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions.
Macrophage Implication in IPF: Updates on Immune, Epigenetic, and Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Pokhreal Deepak , Crestani Bruno , Helou Doumet Georges
Published: September 2023

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology with a poor prognosis. It is a chronic and progressive disease that has a distinct radiological and pathological pattern from common interstitial pneumonia. The use of immunosuppressive medication was shown to be completely ineffective in clinical trials, resulting in years of neglect of the immune component. However, recent developments in fundamental and translational science demonstrate that immune cells play a significant regulatory role in IPF, and macrophages appear to be among the most crucial. These highly plastic cells generate multiple growth factors and mediators that highly affect the initiation and progression of IPF. In this review, we will provide an update on the role of macrophages in IPF through a systemic discussion of various regulatory mechanisms involving immune receptors, cytokines, metabolism, and epigenetics.
Identification of Unique microRNA Profiles in Different Types of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy
Authors: Muñoz-Braceras Sandra , Pinal-Fernandez Iago , Casal-Dominguez Maria , Pak Katherine , Milisenda José César , Lu Shajia , Gadina Massimo , Naz Faiza , Gutierrez-Cruz Gustavo , Dell’Orso Stefania , Torres-Ruiz Jiram , Grau-Junyent Josep Maria , Selva-O’Callaghan Albert , Paik Julie J. , Albayda Jemima , Christopher-Stine Lisa , Lloyd Thomas E. , Corse Andrea M. , Mammen Andrew L.
Published: September 2023

Dermatomyositis (DM), antisynthetase syndrome (AS), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), and inclusion body myositis (IBM) are four major types of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). Muscle biopsies from each type of IIM have unique transcriptomic profiles. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), thereby regulating their expression and modulating transcriptomic profiles. In this study, 18 DM, 12 IMNM, 6 AS, 6 IBM, and 6 histologically normal muscle biopsies underwent miRNA profiling using the NanoString nCounter system. Eleven miRNAs were exclusively differentially expressed in DM compared to controls, seven miRNAs were only differentially expressed in AS, and nine miRNAs were specifically upregulated in IBM. No differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in IMNM. We also analyzed miRNA-mRNA associations to identify putative targets of differentially expressed miRNAs. In DM and AS, these were predominantly related to inflammation and cell cycle progression. Moreover, our analysis showed an association between miR-30a-3p, miR-30e-3p, and miR-199b-5p downregulation in DM and the upregulation of target genes induced by type I interferon. In conclusion, we show that muscle biopsies from DM, AS, and IBM patients have unique miRNA signatures and that these miRNAs might play a role in regulating the expression of genes known to be involved in IIM pathogenesis.
Calcineurin-Dependent Homeostatic Response of C. elegans Muscle Cells upon Prolonged Activation of Acetylcholine Receptors
Authors: Florin Franklin , Bonneau Benjamin , Briseño-Roa Luis , Bessereau Jean-Louis , Jospin Maëlle
Published: September 2023

Pharmacological adaptation is a common phenomenon observed during prolonged drug exposure and often leads to drug resistance. Understanding the cellular events involved in adaptation could provide new strategies to circumvent this resistance issue. We used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to analyze the adaptation to levamisole, an ionotropic acetylcholine receptor agonist, used for decades to treat nematode parasitic infections. Genetic screens in C. elegans identified “adapting mutants” that initially paralyze upon exposure to levamisole as the wild type (WT), but recover locomotion after a few hours whereas WT remain paralyzed. Here, we show that levamisole induces a sustained increase in cytosolic calcium concentration in the muscle cells of adapting mutants, lasting several hours and preceding a decrease in levamisole-sensitive acetylcholine receptors (L-AChR) at the muscle plasma membrane. This decrease correlated with a drop in calcium concentration, a relaxation of the animal’s body and a resumption of locomotion. The decrease in calcium and L-AChR content depends on calcineurin activation in muscle cells. We also showed that levamisole adaptation triggers homeostatic mechanisms in muscle cells including mitochondria remodeling, lysosomal tubulation and an increase in autophagic activity. Levamisole adaptation thus provides a new experimental paradigm for studying how cells cope with calcium stress.
Combination of Genomic Landsscape and 3D Culture Functional Assays Bridges Sarcoma Phenotype to Target and Immunotherapy
Authors: de Nigris Filomena , Meo Concetta , Palinski Wulf
Published: September 2023

Genomic-based precision medicine has not only improved tumour therapy but has also shown its weaknesses. Genomic profiling and mutation analysis have identified alterations that play a major role in sarcoma pathogenesis and evolution. However, they have not been sufficient in predicting tumour vulnerability and advancing treatment. The relative rarity of sarcomas and the genetic heterogeneity between subtypes also stand in the way of gaining statistically significant results from clinical trials. Personalized three-dimensional tumour models that reflect the specific histologic subtype are emerging as functional assays to test anticancer drugs, complementing genomic screening. Here, we provide an overview of current target therapy for sarcomas and discuss functional assays based on 3D models that, by recapitulating the molecular pathways and tumour microenvironment, may predict patient response to treatments. This approach opens new avenues to improve precision medicine when genomic and pathway alterations are not sufficient to guide the choice of the most promising treatment. Furthermore, we discuss the aspects of the 3D culture assays that need to be improved, such as the standardisation of growth conditions and the definition of in vitro responses that can be used as a cut-off for clinical implementation.
Slow Interstitial Fluid Flow Activates TGF-β Signaling and Drives Fibrotic Responses in Human Tenon Fibroblasts
Authors: Wiedenmann Cornelius Jakob , Gottwald Charlotte , Zeqiri Kosovare , Frömmichen Janne , Bungert Emma , Gläser Moritz , Ströble Jeanne , Lohmüller Robert , Reinhard Thomas , Lübke Jan , Schlunck Günther
Published: September 2023

Background: Fibrosis limits the success of filtering glaucoma surgery. We employed 2D and 3D in vitro models to assess the effects of fluid flow on human tenon fibroblasts (HTF). Methods: HTF were exposed to continuous or pulsatile fluid flow for 48 or 72 h, at rates expected at the transscleral outflow site after filtering surgery. In the 2D model, the F-actin cytoskeleton and fibronectin 1 (FN1) were visualized by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. In the 3D model, mRNA and whole cell lysates were extracted to analyze the expression of fibrosis-associated genes by qPCR and Western blot. The effects of a small-molecule inhibitor of the TGF-β receptor ALK5 were studied. Results: Slow, continuous fluid flow induced fibrotic responses in the 2D and 3D models. It elicited changes in cell shape, the F-actin cytoskeleton, the deposition of FN1 and activated the intracellular TGF-β signaling pathway to induce expression of fibrosis-related genes, such as CTGF, FN1 and COL1A1. ALK5-inhibition reduced this effect. Intermittent fluid flow also induced fibrotic changes, which decreased with increasing pause duration. Conclusions: Slow interstitial fluid flow is sufficient to induce fibrosis, could underlie the intractable nature of fibrosis following filtering glaucoma surgery and might be a target for antifibrotic therapy.
Single-Atom Nanomaterials in Electrochemical Sensors Applications
Authors: Fu Jinglin , Liu Yang
Published: September 2023

In recent years, the development of highly sensitive sensors has become a popular research topic. Some functional nanomaterials occupy an important position in the sensing field by virtue of their unique structures and catalytic properties, but there are still problems such as low sensitivity and poor specificity. Single-atom nanomaterials (SANs) show significant advantages in amplifying sensing signals and improving sensor interference resistance due to their high atomic utilization, structural simplicity, and homogeneity. They are expected to achieve high sensitivity and high specificity monitoring by modulating the active sites. In this review, the recent progress on SANs for electrochemical sensing applications was summarized. We first briefly summarize the features and advantages of single-atom catalysts. Then recent advances in the regulation of reaction sites in noble and non-noble metal-based SANs, including the introduction of defects in the carrier, other metal atoms, and ligand atoms, were highlighted. After that, the SANs for the construction of electrochemical, electrochemiluminescent (ECL), and photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors and their applications in biochemical and environmental analysis were demonstrated. Finally, the future research aspect of SANs-based electrochemical sensing and the challenges of the SANs design and structure-properties revelation were illustrated, giving guidance on sensitive and accurate biosensing toward clinic diagnostic and environmental analysis.
Recent Progress in Electrochemical Aptasensors: Construction and Application
Authors: Yuan Renqiang , Cai Jing , Ma Haojie , Luo Yi , Wang Lianhui , Su Shao
Published: September 2023

Electrochemical aptasensors have gained significant attention due to their exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and rapid response, combining the advantages of electrochemical techniques with the specific recognition ability of aptamers. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in electrochemical aptasensors. Firstly, the construction method and the advantages of electrochemical aptasensors are introduced. Subsequently, the review highlights the application progress of electrochemical aptasensors in detecting various chemical and biological molecules, including metal ions, small biological molecules, drugs, proteins, exosomes, tumor cells, bacteria, and viruses. Lastly, the prospects and challenges associated with electrochemical aptasensors are discussed.
Emerging Luminescent Materials for Information Encryption and Anti-Counterfeiting: Stimulus-Response AIEgens and Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Materials
Authors: Li Yanjie , Gao Pengfei
Published: September 2023

Information encryption and anti-counterfeiting play an important role in many aspects of daily life, such as in minimizing economic losses, protecting secure communication and public security, and so on. Owing to the high information capacity and ease of operation, luminescent materials for advanced information encryption and anti-counterfeiting are essential to meet the increasing demand on encryption security. Herein, we summarize two emerging luminescent materials for information encryption and anti-counterfeiting—AIE materials and room-temperature phosphorescent materials. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and anticipations of these two information encryption and anti-counterfeiting materials.
Semiconductor Heterojunction-AgNPs Mediated Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Sensor for Portable Miniaturized Detection Platform
Authors: Wang Chenyu , Shi Xiaoyi , Bao Zhiyong , Zhang Maofeng , Shen Yonghui , Wu Yucheng
Published: September 2023

Micro/nanoplastic pollution in the water environment has received great attention worldwide. The rapid identification and analysis of micro/nanoplastics are crucial steps for monitoring animal safety and protecting human health. Herein, we developed a novel surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensor based on Co3O4/Co3S4/AgNPs array substrate for the detection and analysis of micro/nanoplastics. The semiconductor heterojunction-induced charge transfer, enhanced together with the electromagnetic enhancement of plasmon AgNPs, endow the sensor with high sensitivity, thus achieving exceptional analytical and detection capability for polystyrene (PS) nanospheres of different sizes ranging from 1 µm to 1 nm. The limits of detection (LOD) for PS nanospheres (size of 1 µm and 800 nm) was as low as 25 µg/mL, even with a portable Raman spectrometer. Additionally, the periodic Co3O4/Co3S4/AgNPs array generated high repeatability of Raman signals with relative standard deviation (RSD) values less than 7.6%. As proof of this concept, we further demonstrated the simulation detection of PS in actual water samples. We measured the SERS spectra of the different sizes and concentrations of PS spiked in lake water and city water. The results showed that the sensing platform realized trace detection of PS nanospheres in lake water with a detection limit of 14 µg/mL, and a quantitative detection of PS with linear relationship (R2 = 0.962). This SERS sensor has demonstrated fast analysis of PS nanospheres, which can provide a solid basis for the qualitative and quantitative detection of various micro/nanoplastics in the real water environments.
Inter-Rater Reliability, Construct Validity, and Feasibility of the Modified “Which Health Approaches and Treatments Are You Using?” (WHAT) Questionnaires for Assessing the Use of Complementary Health Approaches in Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Alqudimat Mohammad R. , Toupin April Karine , Jibb Lindsay , Victor Charles , Nathan Paul C. , Stinson Jennifer
Published: September 2023

Background: This study aimed to test the inter-rater reliability, construct validity, and feasibility of the modified “Which Health Approaches and Treatments Are You Using?” (WHAT) questionnaires in pediatric oncology; Methods: Parent–child dyads were invited to complete self- and proxy-report-modified WHAT, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, demographics, a diary of the child’s recent use of CHA, and a questionnaire assessing the aspects of feasibility. Parents were asked to complete a satisfaction of their children’s use of the CHA survey; Results: Twenty-four dyads completed the study. The mean weighted kappa showed strong inter-rater reliability (k = 0.77, SE = 0.056), and strong agreements between the modified WHAT and the diary (self-report [k = 0.806, SE = 0.046] and proxy-report [k = 0.894, SE = 0.057]). Significant relationships were found only between recent and non-recent CHA users in relation to the easy access to CHA (self-report [p = 0.02], proxy-report [p < 0.001]). The mean scores of the feasibility scale (out of 7.0) for the self- and proxy-report were 5.64 (SD = 0.23) and 5.81 (SD = 0.22), respectively, indicating the feasibility of the modified WHAT; Conclusions: The findings provide initial evidence of the reliability and validity of the modified WHAT and their feasibility. Further research is needed to test the theoretical relationships and further explore the validity and reliability of the modified WHAT.
The Bidirectional Correlation between Fundamental Motor Skill and Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Zhen , Yuan Li , Zhou Zhixiong
Published: September 2023

Background: Physical activity in early life has positive health effects, but few children meet the physical activity recommendations. Fundamental motor skills (FMS) are related to physical activity and according to the theory, physical activity drives them in the early years and vice versa. However, no study has conducted a meta-analysis of the association between moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and early FMS. This meta-analysis examined the bidirectional correlation between MVPA and domain-specific FMS in preschool children. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for articles published up to August 2023. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included if they targeted children (3–6 years old) as the study population. The association between objectively measured MVPA and FMS was evaluated. Results: We found 445 titles and abstracts. A total of ten studies (eleven datasets) and 2514 children met the inclusion criteria, including eight cross-sectional studies and three longitudinal studies. When using MVPA as the exposure, no associations were found with locomotor skills (β = 0.83, 95% CI: −0.08, 1.74, p = 0.07) and gross motor skills (β = 2.72, 95% CI: −0.28, 5.72, p = 0.08), but an association with object management skills was found (β = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.30, p = 0.001). When MVPA was used as the outcome, no associations were observed between locomotor skills (β = 0.06, 95% CI: −0.35, 0.47, p = 0.79), but associations with object management skills (β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.27, p = 0.02) and gross motor skill were found (β = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.75, p = 0.001). The sensitivity analysis showed that the results must be treated with caution. Conclusion: We found that gross motor skill (exposure) was positively associated with MVPA (outcome) in preschoolers. Object management skills were positively associated with MVPA (exposure) and MVPA (outcome) in preschoolers. In contrast, MVPA as an exposure was not associated with locomotor skills and gross motor skills. The results may suggest that promoting FMS is important for preschool children’s MVPA.
Oral Rehabilitation as Part of a Multidisciplinary Treatment in a Case Study of Pigmentary Incontinence
Authors: Cano-Rosás Mónica , Vicente-Jiménez Joaquín de , Diosdado-Cano José María , Suárez-Quintanilla David , González-Sarmiento Rogelio , Curto Daniel , Curto Adrián
Published: September 2023

We present the clinical course of a 9-year-old female patient with Bloch–Sulzberger syndrome and severe neurological deficit that met the major (classic cutaneous signs) and minor (dental anomalies and retinal pathology) diagnostic criteria of Landy and Donnai. Longitudinal multidisciplinary follow-up was carried out from birth to adulthood. Neurological involvement was assessed with electroencephalographic (EEG) and neuroimaging tests at different times during the patient’s life. Cranio-maxillofacial involvement was evaluated using lateral skeletal facial and cephalometric analyses. The right and left facial widths were measured through frontal face analysis and using the vertical zygomatic–midline distance. Oral rehabilitation was performed through orthodontic treatment and major dental reconstruction using composite resins. This treatment aimed to improve the occlusion and masticatory function, relieve the transversal compression of the maxilla, and reconstruct the fractured teeth. We believe that, due to significant neurological and cognitive impairment, orthognathic surgery was not the best option for restoring function and improving oral health-related quality of life.
Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Deep Neck Abscesses in Pediatrics: Analysis of a Case Series from a 3rd Level Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Mariani Marcello , Saffioti Carolina , Mesini Alessio , Palmero Candida , D’Agostino Roberto , Garofolo Sabrina , Rossi Andrea , Damasio Maria Beatrice , Castagnola Elio
Published: September 2023

As there is currently no consensus on managing deep neck infections in pediatric populations, we report a case series from a large pediatric hospital. Clinical data of patients discharged from Istituto Gaslini-Children’s Hospital from January 2014 to June 2020 with peritonsillar, parapharyngeal, or retropharyngeal abscess diagnoses were collected. A total of 59 patients were identified. Patients underwent surgical drainage in 47% of cases. Streptococcus mitis/oralis was the most isolated pathogen. Surgically treated patients did have larger abscesses compared to others, but there were no differences in the duration of hospitalization. Children who received NSAIDs at home had significant delays in diagnosis (median 4 vs. 1.5 days, p = 0.008). In our experience, clinical presentation of DNIs is often evocative, but evaluation should include imaging with CT/MRI. Surgery is effective in larger abscesses, allowing for etiological diagnosis with consequent antibiotic adjusting. From an anamnestic point of view, home medications such as NSAIDs could delay diagnosis.
Effect of Carcinomas on Autosomal Trait Screening: A Review Article
Authors: Alhatim Husein , Abdullah Muhammad Nazrul Hakim , Abu Bakar Suhaili , Amer Sayed Amin
Published: September 2023

This review highlights the effect of carcinomas on the results of the examination of autosomal genetic traits for identification and paternity tests when carcinoid tissue is the only source and no other samples are available. In DNA typing or genetic fingerprinting, variable elements are isolated and identified within the base pair sequences that form the DNA. The person’s probable identity can be determined by analysing nucleotide sequences in particular regions of DNA unique to everyone. Genetics plays an increasingly important role in the risk stratification and management of carcinoma patients. The available information from previous studies has indicated that in some incidents, including mass disasters and crimes such as terrorist incidents, biological evidence may not be available at the scene of the accident, except for some unknown human remains found in the form of undefined human tissues. If these tissues have cancerous tumours, it may affect the examination of the genetic traits derived from these samples, thereby resulting in a failure to identify the person. Pathology units, more often, verify the identity of the patients who were diagnosed with cancer in reference to their deceased tumorous relatives. Genetic fingerprinting (GF) is also used in paternity testing when the alleged parent disappeared or died and earlier was diagnosed and treated for cancer.
Seasonal to Multi-Decadal Shoreline Change on a Reef-Fringed Beach
Authors: Laigre Thibault , Balouin Yann , Villarroel-Lamb Deborah , De La Torre Ywenn
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the shoreline dynamics of a Caribbean reef-lined beach by utilizing a long-term satellite dataset spanning 75 years and a short-term, high-frequency dataset captured by a fixed camera over 3 years. An array of statistical methods, including ARIMA models, are employed to examine the impact of storms and potential cyclical influences on the shoreline dynamics. The findings indicate that significant storm events trigger a substantial retreat of the vegetation limit, followed by a slow recovery. Given the current frequency of such major events, complete recovery may take several decades, resulting in a minor influence of cyclones on the long-term erosion trend, which remains moderate. The short-term shoreline evolution is primarily driven by the annual cyclicity of the still water level, which generates an annual oscillation—an insight not previously reported. In the context of climate change, alterations to sea-level rise and cyclone frequency could disrupt the observed dynamic equilibrium at different timescales. Such changes could result in an alteration of existing cyclicities, disturbance of recovery periods, increased long-term shoreline retreat rates, and potentially affect overall coastal resilience over time.
Characterization and Electrochemical Investigation of Heterogeneous Sb-Cu Coatings
Authors: Kostov Vasil , Tzaneva Boriana
Published: September 2023

In recent years, Cu-Sb-based alloys have been considered promising materials for various green applications; for instance, they can serve as catalysts for CO2 reduction, anodic material for metal-ion batteries, and a light-absorbing layer in solar cell. Our research is focused on the electrodeposition of antimony-copper alloy layers with copper content between 18–30 wt.%. The layers were observed by scanning, atomic force and transmission electron spectroscopies. Their phase structure, roughness, and hardness were also determined. The electrochemical properties were investigated by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization tests in 0.5 M sulfuric acid. Decreasing the copper content leads to an increase in chemical and morphological heterogeneity and an increase in the roughness from 1.74 to 2.94 μm due to the separation of antimony crystal clusters protruding above the surface but does not significantly affect the hardness and electrochemical behavior of the layers. Copper is recorded only in the form of the Cu2Sb phase. The corrosion current density and potentials of the layers are close to those of pure antimony (about 20 µA cm−2 and about −30 mV vs. Ag/AgCl). The highly porous structure obtained after anodic polarization seems suitable for catalytic purposes.
Insight into Microstructure Evolution and Corrosion Mechanisms of K2ZrF6/Al2O3-Doped Hot-Dip Aluminum/Micro-Arc Oxidation Coatings
Authors: Wang Shuliang , Peng Xiaofei , Yang Yi , Wang Shidong , Wu Mingyu , Hu Ping , Fu Chunyan
Published: September 2023

In this study, we investigated the impact of K2ZrF6/Al2O3 composite additives on the microstructure evolution and corrosion behavior of ceramic coatings formed through micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treatment on hot-dip aluminum-coated 316L stainless steel surfaces. Our findings revealed the successful preparation of micro-arc oxidation ceramic coatings, presenting a dual-layer structure consisting of a porous micro-arc oxidation ceramic outer layer and a relatively dense/thick hot-dip aluminum inner layer. The incorporation of K2ZrF6/Al2O3 composite additives induced a self-sealing effect on the ceramic coating surface. Optimal coating performance was achieved with a composite additive concentration of 7.5 g/L, resulting in remarkable improvements not only in thickness, hardness, and surface smoothness but also in corrosion resistance. This research introduces a pioneering investigation of K2ZrF6/Al2O3 composite additives in the context of micro-arc oxidation technology, offering fresh perspectives and methodologies for the development of highly corrosion-resistant materials.
Thermoformable Conductive Compositions for Printed Electronics
Authors: Shahabadi Seyed Ismail Seyed , Tan Joel Ming Rui , Magdassi Shlomo
Published: September 2023

The development of three-dimensional printed electronics has garnered significant interest due to the ease of integration of electronic circuitry on 3D surfaces. However, it is still very challenging to achieve the desired conformability, stretchability, and adhesion of conductive pastes used for printing on thermoformable substrates. In this study, we propose the use of novel thermoformable ink composed of copper flakes coated with silver, which enables us to prevent the oxidation of copper, instead of the commonly used silver inks. Various polymer/solvent/flake systems were investigated, resulting in thermoformable conductive printing compositions that can be sintered under air. The best inks were screen printed on PC substrates and were thermoformed using molds with different degrees of strain. The effects of the various components on the thermoforming ability and the electrical properties and morphology of the resulting 3D structures were studied. The best inks resulted in a low sheet resistivity, 100 mΩ/□/mil and 500 mΩ/□/mil before and after thermoforming at 20%, respectively. The feasibility of using the best ink was demonstrated for the fabrication of a thermoformable 3D RFID antenna on PC substrates.
Tribocorrosion Susceptibility and Cell Viability Study of 316L Stainless Steel and Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy with and without DLC Coatings
Authors: Sene Ana Claudia , Pereira da Silva Michely Glenda , Macário Paulo Fabrício , Vieira Angela Aparecida , Leite Priscila Maria Sarmeiro Correa Marciano , da Silva Newton Soares , Marques Francisco Das Chagas , Vieira Lúcia
Published: September 2023

Stainless steel (SS316L) and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) exhibit suitable properties for biomedical applications; however, the tribocorrosion of these materials, which is associated with metallosis, is still a significant concern. This work investigates the effectiveness of DLC smoothing coatings applied to the metals to reduce tribocorrosion and improve cell viability. The study was motivated by many reports of metallosis caused by metal debris in the soft tissues of the body. DLC coatings were produced using the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique. The cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and cell viability of metallic samples with and without DLC coatings were analyzed, considering the chemical composition of the coating and metallic components. The results show that the DLC coatings presented suitable interaction properties and no cytotoxicity or genotoxicity when exposed to the cellular environment, compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). They also demonstrated cell viability, low friction representing a reduction of 80%, and hardness 23–26 GPa, making them ideal for use on fixed implants. It is necessary to control the thickness and roughness of the coating to avoid pinholes and increase the corrosion protection of implants. These DLC coatings with low friction coefficients could facilitate the fixation of implantable pins and screws, including Kirschner wires.
Intelligent Monitoring System to Assess Plant Development State Based on Computer Vision in Viticulture
Authors: Rudenko Marina , Kazak Anatoliy , Oleinikov Nikolay , Mayorova Angela , Dorofeeva Anna , Nekhaychuk Dmitry , Shutova Olga
Published: September 2023

Plant health plays an important role in influencing agricultural yields and poor plant health can lead to significant economic losses. Grapes are an important and widely cultivated plant, especially in the southern regions of Russia. Grapes are subject to a number of diseases that require timely diagnosis and treatment. Incorrect identification of diseases can lead to large crop losses. A neural network deep learning dataset of 4845 grape disease images was created. Eight categories of common grape diseases typical of the Black Sea region were studied: Mildew, Oidium, Anthracnose, Esca, Gray rot, Black rot, White rot, and bacterial cancer of grapes. In addition, a set of healthy plants was included. In this paper, a new selective search algorithm for monitoring the state of plant development based on computer vision in viticulture, based on YOLOv5, was considered. The most difficult part of object detection is object localization. As a result, the fast and accurate detection of grape health status was realized. The test results showed that the accuracy was 97.5%, with a model size of 14.85 MB. An analysis of existing publications and patents found using the search “Computer vision in viticulture” showed that this technology is original and promising. The developed software package implements the best approaches to the control system in viticulture using computer vision technologies. A mobile application was developed for practical use by the farmer. The developed software and hardware complex can be installed in any vehicle. Such a mobile system will allow for real-time monitoring of the state of the vineyards and will display it on a map. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of software and hardware. Decision support system software can be adapted to solve other similar problems. The software product commercialization plan is focused on the automation and robotization of agriculture, and will form the basis for adding the next set of similar software.
Enhancing Feature Selection Optimization for COVID-19 Microarray Data
Authors: Krishanthi Gayani , Jayetileke Harshanie , Wu Jinran , Liu Chanjuan , Wang You-Gan
Published: September 2023

The utilization of gene selection techniques is crucial when dealing with extensive datasets containing limited cases and numerous genes, as they enhance the learning processes and improve overall outcomes. In this research, we introduce a hybrid method that combines the binary reptile search algorithm (BRSA) with the LASSO regression method to effectively filter and reduce the dimensionality of a gene expression dataset. Our primary objective was to pinpoint genes associated with COVID-19 by examining the GSE149273 dataset, which focuses on respiratory viral (RV) infections in individuals with asthma. This dataset suggested a potential increase in ACE2 expression, a critical receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, along with the activation of cytokine pathways linked to COVID-19. Our proposed BRSA method successfully identified six significant genes, including ACE2, IFIT5, and TRIM14, that are closely related to COVID-19, achieving an impressive maximum classification accuracy of 87.22%. By conducting a comparative analysis against four existing binary feature selection algorithms, we demonstrated the effectiveness of our hybrid approach in reducing the dimensionality of features, while maintaining a high classification accuracy. As a result, our hybrid approach shows great promise for identifying COVID-19-related genes and could be an invaluable tool for other studies dealing with very large gene expression datasets.
Suspended 2D Materials: A Short Review
Authors: Dai Yunyun , Xue Tongtong , Han Xu , Huang Xinyu , Zhang Decheng , Huang Mengting , Yan Jiahao , Zhao Jinghan , Laxmi Vijay , Liu Liwei , Xu Xiaolong , Wang Yeliang , Huang Yuan
Published: September 2023

In recent years, there has been a growing fascination with suspended two-dimensional (2D) materials, owing to their excellent mechanical, optical, and electronic characteristics. This surge of interest stems from the remarkable properties exhibited by these materials when they are isolated in a two-dimensional counterpart. Nanofabrication technologies provide a new platform to further explore the properties of 2D materials by suspending them to reduce the influence of substrates. In recent years, many scientists have discovered the feasibility of using suspended membranes of 2D materials in various fields, including optoelectronics and photonics. This review summarizes the recent progress in the fabrication, characterization, and applications of suspended 2D materials, focusing on critical properties such as optical and electronic properties, strain engineering, and thermal properties. This area has the potential to lead to new technologies and applications in a wide range of innovative fields.
Structural Aspects of Pt(η3–P1C2X1C2P2)(Y) Derivative Types
Authors: Melník Milan , Mikušová Veronika , Mikuš Peter
Published: September 2023

In this structural study, structural data are classified and analyzed for almost seventy complexes of the general formula Pt(η3–P1X1P2)(Y) (X1 = O, N, C, S, Si) and (Y = various monodentate ligands), in which the respective η3–P1X1P2 ligand forms a pair of five-membered metallocyclic rings with a common X1 atom of the P1C2X1C2P2 type. The present complexes crystallize in five crystal systems: trigonal (1×), tetragonal (1×), orthorhombic (11×), triclinic (18×), and monoclinic (39×). In 69 complexes, a η3 ligand with monodentate Y constructs a distorted square planar geometry around each Pt(II) atom. There is only one complex in which Pt(η3–P1Si1P2)(P3Ph3) constructs a trigonal–pyramidal geometry around a Pt(II) atom. The three P atoms construct a trigonal plane, and the Si atom occupies a pyramid. The structural data are discussed from various points of view, including the covalent radii of the atoms, the degree of distortion, and trans-influence. The trans-effect on the Pt-L bond distance also affects the L-PT-L bond angles, as well as the distortion of square planar geometry around Pt(II) atoms.
Rapid and Selective Sensing of 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol via a Nano-Plate Zn(II)-Based MOF Synthesized by Ultrasound Irradiation
Authors: Yan Xiao-Wei , Hakimifar Azar , Bigdeli Fahime , Hanifehpour Younes , Wang Su-Juan , Liu Kuan-Guan , Morsali Ali , Joo Sang Woo
Published: September 2023

Using the sonochemical method, nano-plates of a 3D Zn(II) metal−organic framework (MOF) were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy and PXRD. The effect of various irradiation durations and concentrations of reagents was investigated to obtain uniform morphologies. Increasing the irradiation time along with decreasing the reagent concentration led to the production the particles with a uniform nano-plate morphology. Also, the sensing potential of these nano-plates to detect nitroaromatic analytes such as nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and TNP was explored. The nano Zn MOF was highly selective and sensitive in the detection of nitroaromatic derivatives. The quenching percentages of fluorescence emissions for a 2ppb concentration of nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and TNP were 11%, 42%, and 89%, respectively. According to the results, the MOF has the strongest detection limit for TNP.