bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Бесконечномерные $p$-адические группы, полугруппы двойных классов смежности и внутренние функции на ансамблях Брюа-Титса
Authors: Neretin Yurii Aleksandrovich
Published: May 2015

Строятся $p$-адические аналоги операторных узлов и их характеристических функций. Рассмотрена $p$-адическая группа $\mathbf G=\mathrm{GL}(\alpha+k\infty,\mathbb Q_p)$, ее подгруппа
$L=\mathrm O(k\infty,\mathbb Z_p)$ и подгруппа $\mathbf K=\mathrm O(\infty,\mathbb Z_p)$, вложенная в $L$ по диагонали. Показано, что множество двойных классов смежности $\Gamma=\mathbf K\setminus\mathbf G/\mathbf K$ обладает структурой полугруппы, $\Gamma$ естественным образом действует в пространстве
всех $\mathbf K$-неподвижных векторов любого унитарного представления группы $\mathbf G$. Каждому двойному классу смежности поставлена в соответствие "характеристическая функция" - отображение, которое переводит некоторый ансамбль Брюа-Титса в другой ансамбль (ансамбли конечномерны); образ остова содержится в остове. Второй ансамбль обладает структурой полугруппы (Назарова), произведение в $\Gamma$ соответствует поточечному умножению характеристических функций.
Библиография: 45 наименований.
The Effects of Economic Variables on Exchange Rate, Modeling and Forecasting: Case of Iran
Authors: Pedram Mehdi , Ebrahimi Maryam
Published: May 2015

This paper investigates the model estimation and data forecasting of exchange rate using artificial neural network. Recent studies have shown the classification and prediction power of the neural networks. It has been demonstrated that a neural network can approximate any continuous function. In this research, ANN is employed in training and learning processes and after modeling, the forecast performance is measured by making use of a loss function (RMSE). By sensitivity analysis, the importance and the weight of each economic variable on exchange rate such as consumer price index, old price, oil price and total value of export and import have been determined. The results show that Iran consumer price index is the most effective factor on exchange rate trend. In addition to, it is possible to estimate a model to forecast the value of exchange rate even by having access to a limited subset of data.
Does Competitiveness Count? The Role of Competitive Attitudes in Health Risk and Preventive Health Behaviours
Authors: Keresztes Noémi , Pikó Bettina , Fülöp Márta
Published: May 2015

Adolescents’ health behaviours are influenced by many social variables. Among these factors, competitiveness may also have an important role. However, the relationship between competitiveness and health behaviours is a less investigated field of research. Our data were collected in 2005, in the Southern Plain region of Hungary. 548 questionnaires were analysed (age range: 14 to 21 years; M = 16.3 years; SD = 1.3 years; response rate: 91.3%; 42% female). Self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. Our findings pointed out that competitiveness was in significant relationship with both health risk and preventive health behaviours as previous studies had suggested. We identified three independent dimensions of competitiveness using factor analysis, namely: ‘Enjoyment of competition’; ‘Avoidance of social conflict’, and ‘Fear of competition’. These factors were found to have different roles in varying health behaviours. In contrast with previous studies, we pointed out that health risk behaviours were more frequent among respondents characterised by ‘Avoidance of social conflict’ and ‘Fear of competition’. In terms of preventive health behaviours, we pointed out that physical activity was in significant relationship with every competitiveness dimension. On the other hand, diet control and oral hygiene were associated only with the ‘Avoidance of social conflict’ and ‘Fear of competition’ factors. Based on these results we may conclude that students with a tendency towards social conflict avoidance and fear of competition would be an important target group for health promotion programs.
History of Psychotherapy in the Czech Lands
Authors: Motl Jiří , Vaněčková Anna , Müller Matyáš , Studenovský David
Published: May 2015

The article covers the history of psychotherapy in the present-day Czech Republic, focusing mainly on the era of the Communist dictatorship which lasted from 1948 to 1989. However, we also investigate how psychotherapy developed before Communism and how the period of totalitarianism is reflected in the present state of psychotherapy in the Czech Republic. Apart from psychotherapy in the narrow sense, we will mention related fields such as psychohygiene, philosophy, religion, development of psychology as a scientific discipline, mental health care, consultancy, etc. In the first part, we describe the history of psychotherapy in Czechoslovakia, which we will divide into five periods: 1. before the Communist putsch in 1948; 2. from the Communist putsch to the late 1950s (severe dictatorship); 3. the 1960s (liberalisation of the regime and a development of civic society); 4. from 1968 to 1989 (a period of the so-called normalisation when the regime strengthens again in the 1970s and weakens in the 1980s); 5. the period after the so-called Velvet Revolution (1989). In the second part, we will briefly address two specifically Czech therapeutic approaches (Mr. and Mrs. Knobloch’s integrated psychotherapy and the SUR training program).
Electronic, Structural and Vibrational Properties of GaP Diamondoids and Nanocrystals: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Abdulsattar Mudar Ahmed , Kadhim Bahjat B. , Jawad Huda M.
Published: May 2015

The electronic, structural and vibrational properties of gallium phosphide diamondoids and nanocrystals were investigated using density functional theory at PBE/6-31(d) level, which included polarization functions. The energy gap obeyed the quantum confinement size effect with shape fluctuations. The gap converged towards its bulk limit at 2.26 eV. The Ga-P bond lengths of higher diamondoids were found to be distributed around the bulk experimental value at 2.36 Angstrom. Tetrahedral angles were found around the ideal bulk zincblende value at 109.47, degrees while dihedral angles were distributed around the ideal bulk zincblende values at ±60 and ±180 degree. These findings illustrate that diamondoids are a good representative of bulk structure. An analysis of vibrational modes, in terms of reduced masses, force constants and IR intensity, was then performed. The size-related change of certain vibrational frequencies of GaP diamondoids was compared with the experimental bulk. Radial breathing mode frequency began from 187 cm−1 for the smallest molecule GaPH6 and decreased with fluctuations, heading to 0 cm−1 as its bulk limit. Longitudinal optical mode began from 187 cm−1 for the smallest molecule and increased with fluctuations, heading to 376.9 cm−1 (11.3 THz) as its bulk limit. Hydrogen-related vibrations were relatively constant and can therefore be used to identify GaP diamondoids because of their high IR and Raman intensity peaks.
Apunts per a un recorregut de geològica i mineralògica per la comarca del Pallars Sobirà: des de Llessui al Coll de Triador, a Entremonts, als Estanys de Mainera i a Espot
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: May 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 12 d'octubre de 2013. En aquesta ocasió, la totalitat del recorregut de l´itinerari discorrerà íntegrament pel Sistema Pirinenc. Això si, discorrerà sempre el seu recorregut per la Zona Axial Pirinenca (en concret per la denominada Unitat dels Apilaments de la Zona Axial).Així, tots els materials que anirem trobant en aquest recorregut seran paleozoics, fonamentalment de l´Ordovicià. Tot i això, molt sovint aquests materials els trobarem recoberts per sediments del Pleistocè i de l´Holocè, que molt sovint corresponen als sediments detrítics d´origen glacial: és a dir a les morrenes. També corresponen als sediments fluvials de la Noguera Pallaresa i dels seus diferents afluents.Per altra banda, el recorregut de l´itinerari discorrerà íntegrament per una sola comarca, concretament per la del Pallars Sobirà, de la Regió de Tremp (o de Tremp-Seu d´Urgell). Al mateix temps, part del recorregut transitarà pel Parc Nacional d´Aigües Tortes, especialment pels voltants del Montsent de Pallars i del Montorroio.
Itinerari geològic, mineralògic i miner per les comarques de l´Alt Urgell i del Pallars Sobirà: des de la Palanca de Noves a la Guardia d´Ares i al Pont de Bresca i al Congost de Collegats
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: May 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 19 d'octubre de 2013. La totalitat del recorregut d´aquest itinerari, discorrerà íntegrament entre els afloraments dels materials paleozoics (en bona part del Devonià, del Silurià i de l´Ordovicià; i també del Carbonífer i del Permià) i dels mesozoics (que en bona part pertanyen al Triàsic) del Sistema Pirinenc.Aquests afloraments es situen dintre del Mantell de Bóixols (situat al Sud del recorregut) i del Mantell de la Zona de les Nogueres (situat als sectors septentrionals del recorregut). És a dir, en tos dos casos, dintre dels geogràficament anomenats PrepirineusPer altra banda, la totalitat del recorregut també discorrerà íntegrament per dues comarques de les que constitueixen l´antiga Regió de la Seu d´Urgell – Tremp; concretament per la de L´Alt Urgell, per on començarà i per del Pallars Sobirà, per on finalitzarà.
Itinerari geològic, mineralògic i miner per les comarques de l´Alt Urgell i del Pallars Sobirà: des de la Palanca de Noves a la Guardia d´Ares, Taús, Baen. Useu i al Pont de Bresca
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: May 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 19 d'octubre de 20131. La totalitat del recorregut d´aquest itinerari, discorrerà íntegrament entre els afloraments dels materials paleozoics (en bona part del Devonià, del Silurià i de l´Ordovicià; i també del Carbonífer i del Permià) i dels mesozoics (que en bona part pertanyen al Triàsic) del Sistema Pirinenc.Aquests afloraments es situen dintre del Mantell de Bóixols (situat al Sud del recorregut) i del Mantell de la Zona de les Nogueres (situat als sectors septentrionals del recorregut). És a dir, en tos dos casos, dintre dels geogràficament anomenats Prepirineus.Per d´altra banda, la totalitat del recorregut també discorrerà íntegrament per dues comarques de les que constitueixen l´antiga Regió de la Seu d´Urgell – Tremp; concretament per la de L´Alt Urgell, per on començarà i per del Pallars Sobirà, per on finalitzarà.
Recorregut paripatètic de recerca geològica per la comarca del Vallès Occidental: des de Castellar del Vallès al Puig de la Creu, al Coll Roig i al Coll de Canyelles
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: May 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 16 de febrer de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut de l’itinerari discorrerà, en la seva totalitat pel Sistema Mediterrani, i més concretament per la Serralada Prelitoral Catalana (la seva unitat més externa). Així doncs, la quasi totalitat del recorregut per les vessants del Puig de la Creu, dintre sempre d´aquesta unitat geològica. Per altra banda, i com ja s’entreveu al títol, el recorregut de l’itinerari discorrerà sols per la comarca del Vallès Occidental, pels termes municipals de Castellar del Vallès i de Sant Llorenç Savall, en la seva totalitat, també.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i geoambiental per les comarques de l’Anoia (Alta Segarra), Segarra i Urgell: des de la Panadella a Estaràs, les Oluges, Tarroja de Segarra, Agramunt i al Pilar d´Almenara
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: May 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 22 de març de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, es realitzarà un recorregut geològic que discorrerà en la seva totalitat per diferents indrets de la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre; i més concretament pels sectors corresponents a la seva Depressió Central. D´aquesta manera, tot el recorregut transitarà entre afloraments dels materials terciaris (de l´Oligocè) i quaternaris que reblen aquesta depressió. Així, durant els trams inicials del recorregut, anirem trobant afloraments que corresponen als materials de la Formació Tàrrega, situant-se íntegrament dintre del Complex Lacustre de la Segarra. Així, veurem terrenys calcolutitics, carbonatats, argilosos i lignits, fonamentalment, al llarg de tot el recorregut de l´itinerari. Després, començarem a trobar afloraments dels materials de la Formació Urgell, d´aquest mateix complex. I, finalment, a la darrera aturada trobarem afloraments guixosos de la Formació Barbastro. Per altra banda, el recorregut transitarà inicialment per la comarca de l’Anoia, pels sectors septentrionals i segarrencs de la comarca. Després, (en arribar a la Tallada) penetrarà a la comarca de la Segarra, per entrar més tard a la de l´Urgell (entre Mont-roig de Segarra i Bellver d´Ossó), per on finalitzarà. Al llarg d´aquest recorregut, anirem seguint, amb algunes intermitències la vall del riu Sió.
Talis hominibus fuit oratio qualis vita. Nietzsche y la narración de sí
Authors: Fornari Maria Cristina
Published: May 2015

Ecce Homo es desde luego una autobiografía sui generis. Alejada de los modelos clásicos de la autonarración, no solo narra una vida que coincide esencialmente con las etapas de la producción literaria, sino que sobre todo tiene como protagonista a un “yo” que ya no coincide con el sujeto de la tradición. Se plantea la hipótesis de que Nietzsche esté a la búsqueda de un nuevo modelo de subjetividad: no una adquisición estable, sino una construcción móvil, una tensión dinámica, que se descubre en el momento mismo de su constituirse, de su “convertirse en lo que es”, esto es, en la respuesta consciente al propio, fatal, destino.
Grevillea laurifolia subsp. caleyana P.M.Olde (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae: Hakeinae), a new subspecies from the Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Olde Peter Maurice
Published: May 2015

A morphological study of living plants and herbarium specimens has here resulted in the formal recognition of two parapatric subspecies in Grevillea laurifolia Sieber ex Spreng., the autonymic subsp. laurifolia, and the novel subsp. caleyana P.M.Olde. Some critical phenetic characters show a strong morphological approach in specimens collected around Wentworth Falls which suggests that this area is a narrow geographic zone where the two subspecies intergrade. Notwithstanding the morphological approach all specimens examined were classifiable in one or other subspecies on the basis of their pistil lengths. A key to the subspecies of Grevillea laurifolia, descriptions of all taxa discussed, notes on conservation status and distributional information are provided.
INDUÇÃO A REPRODUÇÃO ARTIFICIAL E CARACTERIZAÇÃO ESPERMÁTICA DA PIRACANJUBA Brycon orbignyanus (BRYCONIDAE, CHARACIFORMES), ESPÉCIE EM PERIGO DE EXTINÇÃO.
Authors: Oliveira Daniela José de , Ashikaga Fernando Yuldi , Foresti Fausto , Senhorini José Augusto
Published: May 2015

A piracanjuba Brycon orbignyanus é uma espécie de peixe de médio porte, realiza migrações tróficas e reprodutivas e é muito sensível às mudanças ambientais, como por exemplo, aquelas causadas pelo homem. Atualmente, está categorizada como em perigo de extinção pelo “Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçada de Extinção”, devido principalmente à sobrepesca, desmatamento, poluição, mudança no regime hidrobiológico, introdução de espécies exóticas e fragmentação ambiental pela construção de barragens hidroelétricas, as quais interrompem rotas migratórias. Este estudo descritivo tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade espermática e fertilização artificial da piracanjuba B. orbignyanus mantidos em cativeiro, como forma de aprimoramento da técnica de reprodução artificial com potencial uso em programas de conservação das espécies, que visem o processo de estocagem. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Peixes Continentais – CEPTA – ICMBio. Os exemplares de B. orbignyanus destinados ao banco genético responderam ao processo reprodutivo, possuindo gametas viáveis permitindo a produção de juvenis. Os resultados contribuem positivamente para estudos de conservação da espécie.
On the influence of “non‐Redfield” dissolved organic nutrient dynamics on the spatial distribution of N2 fixation and the size of the marine fixed nitrogen inventory
Authors: Somes Christopher J. , Oschlies Andreas
Published: May 2015

Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP) represent the most abundant form of their respective nutrient pool in the surface layer of the oligotrophic oceans and play an important role in nutrient cycling and productivity. Since DOP is generally more labile than DON, it provides additional P that may stimulate growth of nitrogen‐fixing diazotrophs that supply fixed nitrogen to balance denitrification in the ocean. In this study, we introduce semirecalcitrant components of DON and DOP as state variables in an existing global ocean‐atmosphere‐sea ice‐biogeochemistry model of intermediate complexity to assess their impact on the spatial distribution of nitrogen fixation and the size of the marine fixed nitrogen inventory. Large‐scale surface data sets of global DON and Atlantic Ocean DOP are used to constrain the model. Our simulations suggest that both preferential DOP remineralization and phytoplankton DOP uptake are important “non‐Redfield” processes (i.e., deviate from molar N:P = 16) that need to be accounted for to explain the observed patterns of DOP. Additional non‐Redfield DOP sensitivity experiments testing dissolved organic matter (DOM) production rate uncertainties that best reproduce the observed spatial patterns of DON and DOP stimulate additional nitrogen fixation that increases the size of the global marine fixed nitrogen inventory by 4.7 ± 1.7% compared to the simulation assuming Redfield DOM stoichiometry that underestimates the observed nitrogen inventory. The extra 8 Tg yr−1 of nitrogen fixation stimulated in the Atlantic Ocean is mainly responsible for this increase due to its large spatial separation from water column denitrification, which buffers any potential nitrogen surplus in the Pacific Ocean. Our study suggests that the marine fixed nitrogen budget is sensitive to non‐Redfield DOP dynamics because access to the relatively labile DOP pool expands the ecological niche for nitrogen‐fixing diazotrophs.
Multipoint observations of the open‐closed field line boundary as observed by the Van Allen Probes and geostationary satellites during the 14 November 2012 geomagnetic storm
Authors: Dixon P. , MacDonald E. A. , Funsten H. O. , Glocer A. , Grande M. , Kletzing C. , Larsen B. A. , Reeves G. , Skoug R. M. , Spence H. , Thomsen M. F.
Published: May 2015

The twin Van Allen Probes spacecraft witnessed a series of lobe encounters between 0200 and 0515 UT on 14 November 2012. Although lobe entry had been observed previously by other spacecraft, the two Van Allen Probe spacecraft allow us to observe the motion of the boundary for the first time. Moreover, this event is unique in that it consists of a series of six quasi‐periodic lobe entries. The events occurred on the dawn flank between 4 and 6.6 local time and at altitudes between 5.6 and 6.2 RE. During the events Dst dropped to less than −100nT with the IMF being strongly southward (Bz = −15nT) and eastward (By = 20 nT). Observations by LANL‐GEO spacecraft at geosynchronous orbit also show lobe encounters on the dawn and dusk flanks. The two spacecraft configuration provides strong evidence that these periodic entries into the lobe are the result of local expansions of the OCB propagating from the tail and passing over the Van Allen Probes. Examination of pitch angle binned data from the HOPE instrument shows spatially large, accelerated ion structures occurring near simultaneously at both spacecraft, with the presence of oxygen indicating that they have an ionospheric source. The outflows are dispersed in energy and are detected when the spacecraft are on both open and closed field lines. These events provide a chance to examine the global magnetic field topology in detail, as well as smaller‐scale spatial and temporal characteristics of the OCB, allowing us to constrain the position of the open/closed field line boundary and compare it to a global MHD model using a novel method. This technique shows that the model can reproduce a periodic approach and retreat of the OCB from the spacecraft but can overestimate its distance by as much as 3 RE. The model appears to simulate the dynamic processes that cause the spacecraft to encounter the lobe but incorrectly maps the overall topology of the magnetosphere during these extreme conditions.
An evaluation of simulated particulate sulfate over East Asia through global model intercomparison
Authors: Goto Daisuke , Nakajima Teruyuki , Dai Tie , Takemura Toshihiko , Kajino Mizuo , Matsui Hitoshi , Takami Akinori , Hatakeyama Shiro , Sugimoto Nobuo , Shimizu Atsushi , Ohara Toshimasa
Published: May 2015

Sulfate aerosols simulated by an aerosol module coupled to the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM) at a spatial resolution (220 km) widely used by global climate models were evaluated by a comparison with in situ observations and the same aerosol module coupled to the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC) over East Asia for January, April, July, and October 2006. The results indicated that a horizontal gradient of sulfate from the source over China to the outflow over Korea‐Japan was present in both the simulations and the observations. At the observation sites, the correlation coefficients of the sulfate concentrations between the simulations and the observations were high (NICAM: 0.49–0.89, MIROC: 0.61–0.77), whereas the simulated sulfate concentrations were lower than those obtained by the observation with the normalized mean bias of NICAM being −68 to −54% (all), −77 to −63% (source), and −67 to −30% (outflow) and that of MIROC being −61 to −28% (all), −77 to −63% (source), and −60 to +2% (outflow). Both NICAM and MIROC strongly underpredict surface SO2 over China source regions and Korea‐Japan outflow regions, but the MIROC SO2 is much higher than NICAM SO2 over both regions. These differences between the models were mainly explained by differences in the sulfate formation within clouds and the dry deposition of SO2. These results indicated that the uncertainty of the meteorological and cloud fields as well as the vertical transport patterns between the different host climate models has a substantial impact on the simulated sulfate distribution.
Piece‐wise mixed integer programming for optimal sizing of surge control devices in water distribution systems
Authors: Skulovich Olya , Bent Russell , Judi David , Perelman Lina Sela , Ostfeld Avi
Published: May 2015

Despite their potential catastrophic impact, transients are often ignored or presented ad hoc when designing water distribution systems. To address this problem, we introduce a new piece‐wise function fitting model that is integrated with mixed integer programming to optimally place and size surge tanks for transient control. The key features of the algorithm are a model‐driven discretization of the search space, a linear approximation nonsmooth system response surface to transients, and a mixed integer linear programming optimization. Results indicate that high quality solutions can be obtained within a reasonable number of function evaluations and demonstrate the computational effectiveness of the approach through two case studies. The work investigates one type of surge control devices (closed surge tank) for a specified set of transient events. The performance of the algorithm relies on the assumption that there exists a smooth relationship between the objective function and tank size. Results indicate the potential of the approach for the optimal surge control design in water systems.
Rapid onset of mafic magmatism facilitated by volcanic edifice collapse
Authors: Cassidy M. , Watt S. F. L. , Talling P. J. , Palmer M. R. , Edmonds M. , Jutzeler M. , Wall‐Palmer D. , Manga M. , Coussens M. , Gernon T. , Taylor R. N. , Michalik A. , Inglis E. , Breitkreuz C. , Le Friant A. , Ishizuka O. , Boudon G. , McCanta M. C. , Adachi T. , Hornbach M. J. , Colas S. L. , Endo D. , Fujinawa A. , Kataoka K. S. , Maeno F. , Tamura Y. , Wang F.
Published: May 2015

Volcanic edifice collapses generate some of Earth's largest landslides. How such unloading affects the magma storage systems is important for both hazard assessment and for determining long‐term controls on volcano growth and decay. Here we present a detailed stratigraphic and petrological analyses of volcanic landslide and eruption deposits offshore Montserrat, in a subduction zone setting, sampled during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 340. A large (6–10 km3) collapse of the Soufrière Hills Volcano at ~130 ka was followed by explosive basaltic volcanism and the formation of a new basaltic volcanic center, the South Soufrière Hills, estimated to have initiated <100 years after collapse. This basaltic volcanism was a sharp departure from the andesitic volcanism that characterized Soufrière Hills' activity before the collapse. Mineral‐melt thermobarometry demonstrates that the basaltic magma's transit through the crust was rapid and from midcrustal depths. We suggest that this rapid ascent was promoted by unloading following collapse.
Organic matter maturation in the contact aureole of an igneous sill as a tracer of hydrothermal convection
Authors: Wang Dayong , Manga Michael
Published: May 2015

The intrusion of magmas can induce hydrothermal convection which in turn enhances the transport of heat and solutes. We use a heat convection model to interpret the temperature evolution documented by organic matter maturation, as recorded by the vitrinite reflectance Rr, in a contact aureole of a 15 m thick basaltic sill in the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) 41–368 hole near Cape Verde Rise, eastern Atlantic. Here there is a pronounced asymmetry of variations of Rr with distance above and below the sill that cannot be explained by heat conduction alone. Neglecting the effects of possible two‐phase flow and thermal pressurization from the production of fluids, convection begins to enhance the observed asymmetry for permeabilities greater than about 1 md, and the observations can be matched with permeabilities of at least several tens of millidarcies.
Polarization signatures and brightness temperatures caused by horizontally oriented snow particles at microwave bands: Effects of atmospheric absorption
Authors: Xie Xinxin , Crewell Susanne , Löhnert Ulrich , Simmer Clemens , Miao Jungang
Published: May 2015

This study analyzes the effects of atmospheric absorption and emission on the polarization difference (PD) and brightness temperature (TB) generated by horizontally oriented snow particles. A three‐layer plane‐parallel atmosphere model is used in conjunction with a simplified radiative transfer (RT) scheme to illustrate the combined effects of dichroic and nondichroic media on microwave signatures observed by ground‐based and spaceborne sensors. Based on idealized scenarios which encompass a dichroic snow layer and adjacent nondichroic layers composed of supercooled liquid water (SCLW) droplets and water vapor, we demonstrate that the presence of atmospheric absorption/emission enhances TB and damps PD when observed from the ground. From a spaceborne perspective, however, TB can be reduced or enhanced by an absorbing/emitting layer above the snow layer, while a strong absorbing/emitting layer below the dichroic snow layer may even enhance PD. The induced PD and TB, which rely on snow microphysical assumptions, can vary up to 2 K and 10 K, respectively, due to the temperature‐dependent absorption of SCLW. RT calculations based on 223 snowfall profiles selected from European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts data sets indicate that the existence of SCLW has a noticeable impact on PD and TB at three window frequencies (150 GHz, 243 GHz, and 664 GHz) during snowfall. Our results imply that while polarimetric channels at the three window channels have the potential for snowfall characterization, accurate information on liquid water is required to correctly interpret the polarimetric observations.
Hydrodynamical particle containment in a rotor‐stator spinning disk device
Authors: van Eeten Kevin M. P. , Hülsman Dennis H. J. , van der Schaaf John , Schouten Jaap C.
Published: May 2015

A novel type of rotor‐stator spinning disk device is proposed which allows for the entrapment of solid particles solely by hydrodynamic means. In this new configuration, the solid rotating disk is replaced with two conjoined rotors with a variable gap spacing. Liquid is fed through the top stator and can flow out again through the rotor‐rotor interior and the hollow rotation axis. Moreover, the volume between the two rotors is optionally filled with a highly porous reticulated carbon foam. It was found that particle containment was strongly improved by the presence of this reticulated foam as it hinders the buildup of centripetal boundary layer flow near the disks in the interior of the rotor‐rotor assembly. These centripetal boundary layers drag along particles resulting in a loss of containment. Experiments utilizing glass beads showed that particles with a diameter down to 17.8 µm can be completely entrapped when a carbon foam is placed between the two conjoined disks at rotor speeds up to the maximum investigated value of 178 rad s−1. Additionally, the rotor‐rotor gap did not have an effect on the particle entrapment level when the reticulated carbon foam was omitted and can be ascribed to the build‐up of boundary layers, which is independent of rotor‐rotor distance. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3656–3665, 2015
Inferior outcome after allogeneic transplant in first remission in high‐risk AML patients who required more than two cycles of induction therapy
Authors: Lim Sara J. , Lim Matthew J. , Raptis Anastasios , Hou Jing‐Zhou , Farah Rafic , Marks Stanley M. , Im Annie , Dorritie Kathleen , Sehgal Alison , Agha Mounzer , Felgar Raymond , Lim Seah H.
Published: May 2015

While some patients with high‐risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) require one or two cycles of induction chemotherapy to achieve a complete remission (CR), others require more than two cycles. We examined the outcomes of patients with high‐risk AML who received allogeneic HPC transplant in CR1. Forty five consecutive high‐risk AML patients in CR1 were included. All 45 patients had adverse cytogenetics, FLT 3 mutations, or secondary AML. Group A patients (n = 33) received one or two cycles, and Group B (n = 12) three or more cycles of induction chemotherapy. The patients were comparable in age, sex, white cell count at presentation, and time from diagnosis and from last chemotherapy to transplant. The 100‐day mortality rate was higher in Group B patients (50% vs. 9%, P = 0.006). They had a higher non‐relapse mortality (33% vs. 6%, P = 0.035) and a longer length of hospital stay from the day of stem cell infusion (median 21 vs. 20, P = 0.02; third quartile 22 vs. 28, P = 0.02). There was also a trend toward inferior event‐free survival and overall survival. High‐risk AML patients undergoing allogeneic transplant in CR1 after three or more cycles of induction chemotherapy have an inferior outcome and higher mortality when compared to those who only needed one or two cycles of induction chemotherapy. Novel strategies are needed to reduce the transplant‐related mortality in high‐risk AML patients needing more than two cycles of induction chemotherapy prior to allogeneic transplant in CR1. Am. J. Hematol. 90:715–718, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hypercoagulability in adolescent girls on oral contraceptives‐global coagulation profile and estrogen receptor polymorphisms
Authors: Zia Ayesha , Callaghan Michael U. , Callaghan Joseph H. , Sawni Anju , Bartlett Heather , Backos Alcesa , Marshall Sharon , Chitlur Meera , Rajpurkar Madhvi
Published: May 2015

Oral contraceptive (OCP) induced changes on coagulation are complex with high inter‐individual variability. The precise reason for differences in this variability is unknown. We hypothesized that global coagulation assays better delineate these changes and variability in hypercoagulability may be the result of differences in estrogen metabolism and thrombophilia. Fifty‐two adolescents initiating OCPs were prospectively enrolled; 33 subjects completed the study. Samples were analyzed prior to and after OCPs for procoagulant and anticoagulant factor activities and thrombin generation (TG) +/‐thrombomodulin. Participants were genotyped for common thrombophilia and estrogen receptor‐α (ESR‐α) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNP genotypes were compared to coagulation parameters; TG parameters and differences pre and post OCPs were examined. At baseline, a striking finding was elevated FVIII levels. FVL was absent in all and F2 G20210A was present in one participant. The ESR‐α polymorphism was present in heterozygous state in 59% and homozygous state in 21% participants. There were no differences in VWF levels and FVIII: C after being on OCPs. Protein S levels decreased with OCPs. Sixty percent of participants showed evidence of hypercoagulability on TG testing on OCPs. Higher thrombin peak and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) were seen on TG after OCPs. With thrombomodulin, ETP and thrombin peak did not decrease after OCPs, signifying ‘thrombomodulin resistance’. We demonstrated that OCPs induce a state of “variable” hypercoagulability in adolescents, predominantly through the protein S pathway. Genetic and nongenetic factors may account for the variable increase in hypercoagulability. Further research is needed to understand this. Am. J. Hematol. 90:725–731, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isotopic evidence of weaning in hunter‐gatherers from the late holocene inLakeSalitroso,Patagonia,Argentina
Authors: Tessone Augusto , García Guraieb Solana , Goñi Rafael A , Panarello Héctor O
Published: May 2015

ABSTRAC

Objectives:

The timing and duration of breastfeeding and weaning in past hunter‐gatherer populations are discussed based on the results of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses undertaken on a Late Holocene skeletal sample from Lake Salitroso in the Patagonian steppe (Argentina). Research in Lake Salitroso is part of a regional project that studies the relationship between hunter‐gatherer societies, their organizational systems and the environmental changes during the last 3,000 years in Patagonia.

Methods:

The sample included 52 individuals: 33 subadults and 19 adults of both sexes. They were recovered from 24 burial stone structures, locally called chenques, with dates ranging from ca. 800 BP to 350 BP. Ribs were selected for collagen extraction and measurement of13C/12C and15N/14N ratios.

Results:

A δ13C mean value of −18.7‰ ± 0.5‰ was obtained, with a range between −19.8‰ and −17.1‰ whereas δ15N recorded a mean of 11.9‰ ± 1.1‰ with a range between 10.1‰ and 14.8‰. δ15N data showed an age‐related pattern with particularly marked difference between values for subadults under the age of 4 and older individuals. As opposed to δ15N, δ13C showed little variation with age.

Conclusions:

An early incorporation of supplementary solid food between 0.75 and 2 years of age and a late cessation of breastfeeding at about 5–6 years of age were inferred. This suggests that among this Patagonian hunter–gatherer population weaning was a gradual and lengthy process. These results are consistent with the patterns observed in cross‐cultural studies and archaeological samples of hunter–gatherer groups. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:105–115, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adaptive Action for Multi‐Agent Persistent Coverage
Authors: Franco Carlos , López‐Nicolás Gonzalo , Sagüés Carlos , Llorente Sergio
Published: May 2015

Persistent coverage with a team of agents refers to the task of covering an area where the coverage degrades with time. This is a dynamic task as opposed to the deployment problem. A key issue here is the coverage degradation that prevents the complete coverage fulfilment and requires persistence in the action. We propose a new method for persistent coverage where the agents' actions are computed in a partially distributed manner. The contribution is a control strategy based on variable coverage action and variable coverage range of the agents. This control provides adaptive behaviour in terms of actuator power and actuator domain in order to reduce the coverage error and energy consumption. The proposal is tested in simulation, showing clear improvement in terms of efficiency, flexibility, and scalability.
Interactive simulation of eigenmodes for instruction of finite element behavior
Authors: Lee Jae Young , Ryu Hee‐Ryong
Published: May 2015

This paper introduces a new approach to teaching and learning finite element behavior through the interactive simulation of eigenmodes, using a finite element analysis program with functions specialized for this purpose. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the stiffness matrix are interpreted in terms of displacement and strain energy modes representing the basic characteristics of an element or an assembly of elements.

The eigenmode simulation progresses in connection with actual finite element analysis. The eigenmodes and corresponding model behaviors are simultaneously visualized. Thus, the implication of eigenmodes in the model behaviors can be perceived in association with the practical application of the finite element method. The visualization is updated instantly in response to the change of model type, element order, integration rule, and boundary constraints, etc. Such interactivity is an essential feature of the simulation process for the experimental study of eigenmodes and associated model behaviors. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:872–886, 2015; View this article online at wiley onlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21659
Antivitamins for Medicinal Applications
Authors: Zelder Felix , Sonnay Marjorie , Prieto Lucas
Published: May 2015

Antivitamins represent a broad class of compounds that counteract the essential effects of vitamins. The symptoms triggered by such antinutritional factors resemble those of vitamin deficiencies, but can be successfully reversed by treating patients with the intact vitamin. Despite being undesirable for healthy organisms, the toxicities of these compounds present considerable interest for biological and medicinal purposes. Indeed, antivitamins played fundamental roles in the development of pioneering antibiotic and antiproliferative drugs, such as prontosil and aminopterin. Their development and optimisation were made possible by the study, throughout the 20th century, of the vitamins' and antivitamins' functions in metabolic processes. However, even with this thorough knowledge, commercialised antivitamin‐based drugs are still nowadays limited to antagonists of vitamins B9 and K. The antivitamin field thus still needs to be explored more intensely, in view of the outstanding therapeutic success exhibited by several antivitamin‐based medicines. Here we summarise historical achievements and discuss critically recent developments, opportunities and potential limitations of the antivitamin approach, with a special focus on antivitamins K, B9 and B12.
Prostate contours delineation using interactive directional active contours model and parametric shape prior model
Authors: Derraz Foued , Forzy Gérard , Delebarre Arnaud , Taleb‐Ahmed Abdelmalik , Oussalah Mourad , Peyrodie Laurent , Verclytte Sebastien
Published: May 2015

Prostate contours delineation on Magnetic Resonance (MR) images is a challenging and important task in medical imaging with applications of guiding biopsy, surgery and therapy. While a fully automated method is highly desired for this application, it can be a very difficult task due to the structure and surrounding tissues of the prostate gland. Traditional active contours‐based delineation algorithms are typically quite successful for piecewise constant images. Nevertheless, when MR images have diffuse edges or multiple similar objects (e.g. bladder close to prostate) within close proximity, such approaches have proven to be unsuccessful. In order to mitigate these problems, we proposed a new framework for bi‐stage contours delineation algorithm based on directional active contours (DAC) incorporating prior knowledge of the prostate shape. We first explicitly addressed the prostate contour delineation problem based on fast globally DAC that incorporates both statistical and parametric shape prior model. In doing so, we were able to exploit the global aspects of contour delineation problem by incorporating a user feedback in contours delineation process where it is shown that only a small amount of user input can sometimes resolve ambiguous scenarios raised by DAC. In addition, once the prostate contours have been delineated, a cost functional is designed to incorporate both user feedback interaction and the parametric shape prior model. Using data from publicly available prostate MR datasets, which includes several challenging clinical datasets, we highlighted the effectiveness and the capability of the proposed algorithm. Besides, the algorithm has been compared with several state‐of‐the‐art methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Editorial: Green Chemistry and the Environment
Authors: Luque Rafael , Obare Sherine
Published: May 2015

Being green: At the recent 248th ACS Spring Meeting in San Francisco, CA (USA), Professor Sherine Obara and Professor Rafael Luque brought together a number of scientists in a symposium focused on the merits of green chemistry for a sustainable future. The symposium, entitled “Green Chemistry and the Environment” offered a broad and multifaceted view on employing sustainable methods for green chemistry goals. This issue of ChemSusChem contains some of the work presented at the the symposium.
Cryptic or pseudocryptic: can morphological methods inform copepod taxonomy? An analysis of publications and a case study of theEurytemora affinisspecies complex
Authors: Lajus Dmitry , Sukhikh Natalia , Alekseev Victor
Published: May 2015

Interest in cryptic species has increased significantly with current progress in genetic methods. The large number of cryptic species suggests that the resolution of traditional morphological techniques may be insufficient for taxonomical research. However, some species now considered to be cryptic may, in fact, be designated pseudocryptic after close morphological examination. Thus the “cryptic or pseudocryptic” dilemma speaks to the resolution of morphological analysis and its utility for identifying species. We address this dilemma first by systematically reviewing data published from 1980 to 2013 on cryptic species of Copepoda and then by performing an in‐depth morphological study of the formerEurytemora affiniscomplex of cryptic species. Analyzing the published data showed that, in 5 of 24 revisions eligible for systematic review, cryptic species assignment was based solely on the genetic variation of forms without detailed morphological analysis to confirm the assignment. Therefore, some newly described cryptic species might be designated pseudocryptic under more detailed morphological analysis as happened withEurytemora affiniscomplex. Recent genetic analyses of the complex found high levels of heterogeneity without morphological differences; it is argued to be cryptic. However, next detailed morphological analyses allowed to describe a number of valid species. Our study, using deep statistical analyses usually not applied for new species describing, of this species complex confirmed considerable differences between former cryptic species. In particular, fluctuating asymmetry (FA), the random variation of left and right structures, was significantly different between forms and provided independent information about their status. Our work showed that multivariate statistical approaches, such as principal component analysis, can be powerful techniques for the morphological discrimination of cryptic taxons. Despite increasing cryptic species designations, morphological techniques have great potential in determining copepod taxonomy.
Variation in the population structure between a natural and a human‐modified forest for a pioneer tropical tree species not restricted to large gaps
Authors: Silvestrini Milene , dos Santos Flavio Antonio Maës
Published: May 2015

The distribution of tree species in tropical forests is generally related to the occurrence of disturbances and shifts in the local environmental conditions such as light, temperature, and biotic factors. Thus, the distribution of pioneer tree species is expected to vary according to the gap characteristics and with human disturbances. We asked whether there was variation in the distribution of a pioneer species under different environmental conditions generated by natural disturbances, and between two forests with contrasting levels of human disturbance. To answer this question, we studied the distribution patterns and population persistence of the pioneer tree species Croton floribundus in the size and age gap range of a primary Brazilian forest. Additionally, we compared the plant density of two size‐classes between a primary and an early successional human‐disturbed forest. Croton floribundus was found to be widespread and equally distributed along the gap‐size gradient in the primary forest. Overall density did not vary with gap size or age (F‐ratio = 0.062, P = 0.941), and while juveniles were found to have a higher density in the early successional forest (P = 0.021), tree density was found to be similar between forests (P = 0.058). Our results indicate that the population structure of a pioneer tree species with long life span and a broad gap‐size niche preference varied between natural and human‐disturbed forests, but not with the level of natural disturbance. We believe this can be explained by the extreme environmental changes that occur after human disturbance. The ecological processes that affect the distribution of pioneer species in natural and human‐modified forests may be similar, but our results suggest they act differently under the contrasting environmental conditions generated by natural and human disturbances.
Macroinvertebrate responses to distinct hydrological patterns in a tropical regulated river
Authors: Tupinambás Taynan H. , Cortes Rui M. V. , Hughes Samantha J. , Varandas Simone G. , Callisto Marcos
Published: May 2015

Despite the fundamental importance of reservoirs and dams for socioeconomic development, their presence results in large‐scale alterations to the natural flow regime of the rivers and profoundly influences aquatic processes and biodiversity. This study compared macroinvertebrate community composition and structure metrics, as well as biological and ecological traits to evaluate their dependence on inter‐seasonal and intra‐seasonal flows and water quality downstream of the Itutinga reservoir situated on Rio Grande in Brazil. The results demonstrated the utility of benthic macroinvertebrate abundance, density, richness, size, reproduction, locomotion and feeding modes to assess flow regime and water quality variability. Changes in the macroinvertebrate communities were closely associated with seasonal differences in parameters such as temperature, turbidity and nutrients, which were modulated by substrate particle size and heterogeneity. Modification of the flow regime, as a result of river regulation, influences the composition, structure and functioning of river ecosystems and is reflected in changes to the aquatic communities they support. The results of this study highlight the extreme complexity of the links between physicochemical, hydrological and biological processes in lotic systems and the need to better understand these links in order to develop and implement optimal environmental flow regimes in regulated rivers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.