bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percepção dos professores de Física do I ciclo do ensino secundário sobre o uso das TIC no processo de ensino – aprendizagem
Authors: Gomes Sebastião Alcina Branca Boaventura
Published: November 2021

This research  aimed to comprehend  the perception of Secondary Education Physics teachers  in the Province of Huambo on the use of technology in the teaching-learning process of Physics. Through the use of a  quantitative-qualitative methodology ()  as well as an  exploratory descriptive research , the  intended  objectives were achieved., This study was carried out with a sample size of 26 physics teachers from different  municipalities in the Province of Huambo. Furthermore,  questionnaires, observations and interviews techniques were used for data collection. . Thus, the research made use of a combination of qualitative an quantitative methods to ensure a holistic perspective. The results show that teachers have a reasonable perception of the use of technologies. However, not everything depends on the availability of the technology,  teachers have identified further factors which may prevent the use of technology in secondary education such as the lack of training of staff and incentives from  the schools,  and the lack of mobilization of technological resources. Among the aspects that most encouraged  teachers to use technology was the fact that it eased the  teaching process  and contributed for the organization of teacher´s  work.
Estudo do impacto da COVID-19 e isolamento social e suas adaptações antropogênicas – Uma análise das alterações climática de 30 anos
Authors: Almeida Beatriz Cunha , De Lima Erondina Azevedo
Published: November 2021

The social distancing recommendation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic lead to an unprecedented situation for contemporary generations. Due to the high infection rate of the virus, authorities established restrictions for social, commercial and industrial activities in order to decelerate the disease. Such measures had implications on environmental parameters like energy demand and the Green House Gas emissions on the atmosphere. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the atypical ambience caused by the suspension of the human activities had influence on the meteorological conditions in Brazil’s most affected cities in the year 2020, in comparison to the previous years that had no social distancing strategies, in which we selected Temperature and Humidity time series referring to a 30-year period (1990-2020). The data was analyzed through a Linear Correlation between variables and social distancing indexes and a Cluster Hierarchical Analyses to identify whether 2020 had atypical performance when compared to the other previous years. The results demonstrated that the impact caused by the social distancing measures and the suspension of the social, commercial and industrial activities did not impact the climatic conditions in 2020 when compared to the 30-year time frame.
Resumo do livro: Butler, J. (2016). Problemas de gênero: feminismo e subversão da identidade. 11 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira.
Authors: Freitas Marcel de Almeida
Published: November 2021

Se trata de uma resenha analítica do livro Problemas de Gênero, da filósofa e ativista feminista Judith Butler, publicado em língua portuguesa em 2016.
Implementation Of Program Evaluation And Review Technique (Pert) To Optimize ShophouseDevelopment Projects
Authors: Irma Ayu Kartini  , Tasya Aspiranti  , Asni Mustika Rani
Published: November 2021

Construction development in Indonesia is being intensively carried out as a characteristic that Indonesia is a developing country. CV. X is a construction company that has a project in the form of ten shophouses with three floors. The projectis planned to start in August 2020 and be completed in December 2021 or for 68 weeks. The change of seasons becomes an obstacle in the work of the project that causes delays. Progress expected by CV. X in 2 months of project work is 8%, but the reality onthe project progress field is only 6%.Therefore, this study aims to optimize existing work time so that the delay can be overcome. The method used in this study is ProgramEvaluation and Review Technique (PERT) with rainfall as the probability.The results of the study found that the project work time can be optimized by 3% and delays can be overcome because the project completion time becomes 66 weeks.The project is still ongoing,so there is still a possibility of error, therefore effective project management must still be considered. Usually in similar studies the probability of time or cost, while in this study use rainfall as the probability.
NEW OBSERVATIONS OF STOAT (Mustela erminea L.) IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Sekulić Željko , Kunovac Saša
Published: November 2021

UDK: 599.742.4(497.6)

The Stoat occupies a wide range of habitats. It is often found in successional or forest-edge habitats, in the scrub, alpine meadows, marshes, riparian woodlands, hedgerows, and riverbanks that have high densities of small mammals, especially Microtus and Arvicola voles (KİNG, 1983). PULLİAİNEN, (1999) stated that coniferous and mixed woodlands are preferred, but that many other habitats are used including tundra and the summits of fells and mountains. Dense forests and deserts are avoided (KİNG, 1983). Although mentioned in all to-day's Laws on Hunting (1893 – 2014) in Bosnia-Herzegovina, there are not so many records of this species or official reports in hunting bag. Considering its geographic range (IUCN 2020), in Bosnia-Herzegovina, the stoat is recorded only in the western and northern parts of the country. İn this paper, we presented new localities where the stoat was observed in Bosnia-Herzegovina, as well as types of habitats where it was recorded.
The linguistic turn as a model of the turns in the humanities
Authors:   ", Krastev Dimitar ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The paper discusses the development of the humanities during the twentieth century in relation to the methodological and epistemological changes in the scholarly field. Particular attention has been paid to the so-called Cultural Turns phenomenon, and more specifically to The Linguistic Turn.
The role of synchrony in the study of national literary language histories on the territory of Slavia Orthodoxa
Authors:   ", Obretenova Milena ,   St. Cyril and Methodius",   University of Veliko Tarnovo
Published: November 2021

The article examines the role of the synchronous approach as a basic prerequisite for refined falsifiability in the study of the histories of the national literary languages on the territory of the Slavia Orthodoxa cultural-linguistic community. Its possible role in the study of literary-linguistic history as a component of the historical approach to language in the context of the theory and methodology of Imre Lakatos’ research programs is also analyzed.
How can I prove my language skills in Spanish for professional purposes? (LanguageCert USAL esPro next-generation adaptive exam: description and critical analysis)
Authors:   International Courses of the University of Salamanca, Spain, VIdeva Radomira
Published: November 2021

The article presents LanguageCert USAL esPro as a suite of tests that has been developed recently with the aim of evaluating the language skills of non-native speakers who need to use Spanish for professional purposes. The author begins by attempting to examine the existing practice in the assessment of Spanish for specific purposes and then provides a detailed description and an analysis of the exam content and format. The article also highlights the test’s usefulness which results from its reliability, construct validity, authenticity, interactivity, impact and practicality; it does not neglect to mention the adaptive nature, flexibility and transparency of this exam as some of its essential characteristics.
Comparison of Experimental Towing Test and CFD Analysis of a Bare Hull Model on the Surface
Authors: Tun Thu Han , Htun Ye Thet , Min Aung Khaing
Published: November 2021

In designing submarines, hull form selection, resistance, and powering are key aspects. The bare hull form of a submarine can be considered according to five parameters. Surface resistance is important should it be necessary to operate at relatively high Froude Numbers. Due to the complex nature of the flow around the hull, model experiments are still the most reliable approach to determining surface resistance. CFD simulations enable surface condition analysis using FINEMarine. The towing mechanism must be taken into account and so this was designed to fix the pitch motion and measure the hydrodynamic forces. This paper outlines the towing method, comparing the model test and the CFD results, as well as providing a comparison of wave formation from the towing test and the CFD results. The results show that resistance increased significantly above a model speed of 1.4 m/s. Furthermore, above this speed, as the resistance of the model rose, the downforce gradually decreased.
Metabotropic Receptors 4 and the Immune Responses
Authors: Wan Zhuoya , Li Song
Published: November 2021

Neurotransmitters (NTs) have recently received increasing appreciation as important immune modulators. The immune cells express receptors for many classes of NTs and the communication between NTs and their receptors establish neuro-immune interactions for regulating effective immune response in both central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 4 (mGluR4) is expressed at high level in CNS and plays a role in various physiological and pathophysiological processes in CNS. Recently, mGluR4 has been reported to be expressed on immune cells and have an impact on regulating the immune system. This chapter summarized the works associated with the immunogenic function of mGluR4 and its potential underlying mechanisms.
Multifunctional ZnO Nanoparticle: Based Coatings for Cultural Heritage Preventive Conservation
Authors: Otilia Cinteză Ludmila , Antonia Tănase Maria
Published: November 2021

Coatings based on nanoparticles embedded in various filmogenic materials are still a hot topic in nanomaterial research, due to the exceptional variety of applications. The chapter present recent progress in synthesis and characterization of hybrid material with ZnO nanoparticles and their use as functional coatings for various substrates. The antibacterial and UV protection efficiency of ZnO nanoparticle-based coatings on paper and stone are discussed, with particular emphasize on the specific requirements for application in cultural heritage preventing conservation. Functional materials based on ZnO are presented as possible treatment for protection of historic and archaeological textiles and metal artifacts. Trends in environmental friendly methods to fabricate the ZnO nanoparticles will be evaluated, compared to classic ones, in terms of material characteristics and efficiency.
Finite Element Analysis in Nanotechnology Research
Authors: Chandran RameshBabu
Published: November 2021

The Finite Element Analysis in the field of Nanotechnology is continually contributing to the areas ranging from electronics, micro computing, material science, quantum science, engineering, biotechnology, medicine, aerospace, and environment and in computational nanotechnology. The finite element method (FEM) is widely used for solving problems of traditional fields of engineering and Nano research where experimental analysis is unaffordable. This numerical technique can provide accurate solution to complex engineering problems. Over decades this method has become the noted research area for the mathematicians. The popularity of FEM is due to the advent of computer FEA software such as NASTRAN, ANSYS, ABAQUS, Matlab, OPEN Foam, Simscale and the like. With the development of nanoscience, the researchers found difficulties in spending funds for nano related projects. The FEA has evolved as the affordable methodology and offers solutions to all complicated systems of research.
Finite Element Method for Ship Composite-Based on Aluminum
Authors: Harmi Tjahjanti Prantasi , Hardy Sujiatanti Septia
Published: November 2021

The structure and construction of ships made of aluminum alloy, generally of the type of wrought aluminum alloy, when experiencing fatigue failure caused by cracking of the ship structure, is a serious problem. Judging from the ‘weaknesses’ of aluminum material for ships, this chapter will explain the use of alternative materials for ship building, namely aluminum-based composite material which is an aluminum alloy AlSi10Mg (b) ship building material based on the European Nation (EN) Aluminum Casting (AC) - 43,100, with silicon carbide (SiC) reinforcement which has been treated with an optimum composition of 15%, so that the composite material is written with EN AC-43100 (AlSi10Mg (b) + SiC * / 15p. Composite ship model using ANSYS (ANalysis SYStem) software to determine the distribution of stress. The overall result of the voltage distribution has a value that does not exceed the allowable stress (sigma 0.2) and has a factor of safety above the minimum allowable limit, so it is safe to use. The reduction in plate thickness on the EN AC-43100 (AlSi10Mg (b)) + SiC * /15p composite vessel is significant enough to reduce the ship’s weight, so it will increase the speed of the ship.
Responses of White Blood Cells to KilledCandida albicansas a Preventive Strategy
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmad
Published: November 2021

C. albicans is by far the most common Candida species causing infection in humans which include superficial and a life- threatening systemic infections. Despite the public health significance of candida infections, phenotypic switching of C. albicans, slow mycological diagnosis, limitation of use of antifungal agents due to toxicity, high cost and emergence of resistance have impeded effective treatment. Therefore, a need for safe and potent strategy to prevent this disease is necessary. This chapter discusses the roles of white blood cells as the first line defense mechanism against inactivated C. albicans.
Global Burden of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Venceslas Tarnju Alemnju
Published: November 2021

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has caused infections and malignancies worldwide among which is cervical cancer. In 2004 WHO reported that cervical cancer was the most common cause of cancer deaths among women in developing countries. Globally, 570,000 cases per year in women are attributed to HPV, which is about 8.6% of all occurring cancers. Female mortality is estimated at 250,000 with 80% of incidence and mortality rates occurring in Latin America and Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Cervical cancer demographic variation in 3rd world countries can be attributed to inadequate health care systems and screening process. As one of the most preventable cancers, early screening and vaccination have shown to limit the late stage of the disease. With present studies estimating worldwide incidence at 4.5% a year. The need for preventive measures to halt the progression of a global public health concern like cancer deaths in women cannot be overemphasized.
Chemical Composition of Parenchyma and Vascular Bundle from Elaeis guineensis
Authors: Fatimah Mhd. Ramle Sitti
Published: November 2021

Elaeis guineensis is an alternative source of raw materials for renewable energy in Malaysia. Thus, to enhance the use of the abundant biomass generated by the oil palm industry in Malaysia, a study was conducted in view of exploring the chemical composition such as sugar potential of this industrial byproduct. In this context, oil palm trunks were separated into individual cell that are parenchyma and vascular bundle to investigate the fundamental research about oil palm trunk. The aim of this study was to examine the chemical composition of parenchyma and vascular bundle of oil palm trunk. The oil palm trunk was kept under shade at room temperature of 28–30°C for 0, 45, and 60 days. The chemical composition analysis was carried out according to TAPPI methods. Based on storage time and different part of oil palm trunk, the result has shown that the sugar content was higher in parenchyma compared to vascular bundle and increase at the storage time of 0, 45, and 60 days while amount of starch showed decrease at the same storage time. It shows that conversion or fermentation of starch to sugar occur in oil palm trunk during storage times of 0, 45, and 60 days, respectively.
The Challenges of Managing Water for Wetland Ecology, Flood Mitigation and Agriculture in the Upper Lunan Water, an Intensive Arable Catchment in Scotland
Authors: Vinten Andrew , D.M. Gunn Iain
Published: November 2021

The “Water for All” project has aimed to develop a multi-disciplinary science case for adaptive management through a Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) scheme in the Lunan Water, a lowland catchment in Scotland. Management needs for high and low flows, standing water levels and flow routing to/from high nature value mesotrophic wetlands were appraised. A key part has been the development of a real time hydrological-hydraulic model of the upper Lunan Water as an aid to management and scenario analysis especially with respect to existing and potential hydraulic structures. This provides better working knowledge and forecast-based simulations of high or low flow situations for catchment management planners, farmers, riparian owners and other local stakeholders. Engagement with local users and residents has included surveying Willingness To Pay (WTP) for hydraulic management as a function of governance mechanisms, development of a catchment management group, and interviews and workshops with riparian and other land-users. The work has highlighted the joys and sorrows of seeking to develop a PES approach and lessons to be learnt in project management, promotion of multiple benefits, catchment-scale water governance and the vices and virtues of “benign neglect”.
The Power of Computational Intelligence Methods in the Containment of COVID-19 Pandemic from Detection to Recovery
Authors: Isa Abdullahi , Piyinkir Ndahi Barka
Published: November 2021

The coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused unprecedented economic crises, and changes in our lifestyle to different things that we have not experienced before in this century, which cause by movement restriction order by the authority to halt the spread of the disease around the globe. Researchers around the globe applied computational intelligence methods in numerous fields which exhibits a successful story. The computational intelligence methods play an important role in dealing with coronavirus pandemics. This research will focus on the use of computational intelligence methods in understanding the infection, accelerating drugs and treatments research, detecting, diagnosis, and predicting the virus, surveillance, and contact tracing to prevent or slow the virus from the spread, monitoring the recovery of the infected individuals. This study points out promising CI techniques utilized as an adjunct along with the current methods used in containments of COVID-19. It is imagined that this study will give CI researchers and the wider community an outline of the current status of CI applications and motivate CI researchers in harnessing CI technique possibilities in the battle against COVID-19.
Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Statlender Liran , Singer Pierre
Published: November 2021

Weaning off mechanical ventilation (MV) is a process that ultimately ends with a patient’s liberation from the ventilator. As extubation failure worsens prognosis, every effort should be made to safely extubate the patient when the clinical condition allows it. There are several methods and techniques to assess whether a patient is ready for weaning. The clinician should choose the proper method for each patient to minimalize the risk of extubation failure. When liberation from MV is not possible, tracheostomy and transferring the patient to a long-term rehabilitation ward may be required. If this is not feasible, palliative care should be considered.
COVID-19 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mallik Ritwika , S.B. Huda Mohammed
Published: November 2021

COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-COV-2 virus has evolved into a global crisis and is a major concern especially for the diabetes community. People with diabetes mellitus have increased morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 infection. Conversely, COVID-19 infection and treatment may predispose to hyperglycemia. Potentially modifiable risk factors have been discussed and urgent need to mitigate the risks is warranted. In this book chapter we summarize the available evidence on COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes mellitus including link between COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, management and complications.
Enhancement of the Magnetoelectric Effect in PZT-Ni Ferrite Composites Using Post Sintering Thermal Treatment
Authors: Adnan Islam Rashed
Published: November 2021

In this chapter, the piezoelectric and magnetoelectric properties of Pb (Zr0.52T0.48)O3–X NiFe1.9Mn0.1O4 (PZT-NFM, where X ranges from 3 to 10%) were investigated along with SEM and TEM analysis. Post sintering thermal treatment (annealing and aging) was introduced to enhance the piezoelectric and magnetoelectric property of the composites. The density was found around 7.6–7.8 gm/cc. The piezoelectric constant d33 and the voltage constant were found to be decreased with increasing magnetic particle from 3–10%. Experimental results indicated that the magnetoelectric voltage coefficient (dE/dH) increases with increasing percentage of Nickel Ferrite (~35 for 3% NF to 140 mV/Oe. cm for 10% NF at 1125°C). The samples, which were annealed and aged after sintering show as high as 50% (140 to 220 mV/cm Oe) increase in dE/dH coefficient. This is due to the increase in resistivity due to better homogeneity. The H-M curve of the composite powders show that the PZT-NFM is a ferromagnetic material as well. The SEM investigation shows very compact structure with average grain size around 150 nm and some areas of the NF rich phase. The X-ray mapping shows that the NF is distributed in the big grains of the matrix and after annealing it homogenizes.
Risk Factors and Diagnosis of Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Brancaccio Gabriella , Fargnoli Maria Concetta , Briatico Giulia , Pellegrini Cristina , Rocco Tea , Moscarella Elvira
Published: November 2021

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common cancer affecting humans. The combination of the increasing incidence and high mortality in advanced stages of the disease, defines cSCC as an emerging public health problem. Advanced disease includes metastatic and locally advanced cSCC. Metastatic disease refers to the presence of locoregional metastasis (in transit or to regional lymph nodes) or distant metastasis. Locally advanced disease has been defined as non-metastatic cSCC that is unlikely to be cured with surgery, radiotherapy, or combination treatment. While metastatic cSCC is easily diagnosed, locally advanced disease lacks consensus definition and diagnosis is made after multidisciplinary board consultation. Identifying patients with aggressive cSCC at highest risk for relapse may prevent the occurrence of advanced disease. Prognostic factors suggested by most guidelines include tumor diameter (>2 cm), localization on temple/ear/lip/area, thickness (>6 mm), or invasion beyond subcutaneous fat, poor grade of differentiation, desmoplasia, perineural invasion, bone erosion, immunosuppression, undefined borders, recurrence, growth rate, site of prior radiotherapy, and lymphatic or vascular involvement. Although risk factors associated with worse outcomes are well known, there is still a gap of knowledge on the precise risk of each factor taken individually. The aim of this review is to summarize cSCC prognostic factors and encompass the various staging systems to guide management and follow-up in cSCC patients at higher risk for local recurrence and metastasis. Finally, we describe the hallmarks of the advanced disease. Advanced cSCC diagnosis should be made by a multidisciplinary board considering patients’ performance status and disease characteristics
Treatment of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Special Populations
Authors: Bossi Paolo , Lorini Luigi
Published: November 2021

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) may develop in patients with dysregulated immune activation (pre-existing autoimmune diseases or immunosuppression due to hematopoietic/solid organ transplant recipients), patients with a compromised immune function (long-term immunosuppression), and patients carrying chronic viral infections, or those affected by lymphoproliferative diseases. It should be also considered that patients presenting with immunosuppression have a high incidence of cSCC (65–250-times higher than general population), highlighting the central role played by the immune system in the development of cSCC. All these cases must be considered as “special populations” for treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as the safety and activity of these drugs have not been studied on these specific cases, since these patients were excluded from clinical trials leading to approval of ICIs. It is therefore important to gain as much information as possible from the analysis of real-life data, to derive an indication to be adopted in everyday clinical setting.  Moreover, therapeutic alternatives other than ICIs are scarce, mainly consisting in chemotherapy and anti-EGFR agents, whose activity is lower than immunotherapy and whose toxicity (particularly with chemotherapy) are not sustainable by this frail population. Here, we describe the current evidence of treatment with ICIs in special populations and conclude that it is necessary to find a balance between treatment risks (toxicities) and benefits (efficacy), as well as engaging a multidisciplinary team of experts to thoroughly manage and treat these patients.
Kant on Doubt and Error
Authors: Kern Andrea ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2021

Kant’s conception of the relation between knowledge and doubt stands opposed to much of contemporary epistemology. For Kant denies that it is possible for one to have knowledge of how things are without having a ground for one’s judgment that guarantees its truth. Knowledge, according to him, is judgment that is based on a ground that the judger recognizes to guarantee the truth of her judgment. A judgment that is based on such a ground, trivially, excludes any doubt the judger might have had with respect to it. Therefore knowledge implies certainty. Much of contemporary epistemology has no room for the idea of a truth-guaranteeing ground. By contrast, Kant thinks that the rejection of the idea of a truth-guaranteeing ground has a devastating effect. It does not only render unintelligible the idea of knowledge, but, because of that, the very idea of a subject that is able to be ignorant about things, to have doubts about them or even to err about them. The paper defends the Kantian account of knowledge with the aim to show that ignorance, doubt and error can only characterize, and hence trouble, a subject that knows herself to have a capacity that enables her to overcome any possible doubt and error.
From Modernity to Ecological Civilization
Authors: Cobb John B. ,   The Center for Process Studies
Published: November 2021

This short article was originally delivered as a lecture in China, The article sketches a process view of history from ancient to medieval civilization, to modernity in two major phases, and to the current transition to a constructive postmodern, ecological civilization.
La mirada del estudiante sobre la evaluación en traducción: estudio preliminar y posibles vías de investigación
Authors: Cañada Pujols Maria Dolors , Andújar Moreno Gemma
Published: November 2021

La evaluación es un componente central de todo proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la medida que permite orientar a los aprendices en su adquisición de la competencia traductora. Puesto que el alumnado es el centro del proceso, resulta necesario conocer sus experiencias y opiniones en torno a la evaluación en su formación universitaria como futuros traductores. Este objetivo nos ha llevado a analizar un corpus de 46 entrevistas orales a estudiantes del grado de Traducción e Interpretación de una universidad española y los planes docentes de las asignaturas de Traducción que programa la Facultad. Los resultados muestran una clara preferencia de los estudiantes por la evaluación continua y la realización de ejercicios prácticos de traducción a la vez que reclaman una retroalimentación más profunda y orientadora. También se muestran reticentes con respecto a los exámenes y sus condiciones, pero están globalmente satisfechos. Este trabajo contribuye al desarrollo de la didáctica de la traducción, con datos empíricos que permiten describir las creencias de los estudiantes y poner el foco en aquellos aspectos que resultan más necesarios para mejorar su aprendizaje.
Experimental validation of otolith-based age and growth reconstructions across multiple life stages of a critically endangered estuarine fish
Authors: Xieu Wilson , Lewis Levi S. , Zhao Feng , Fichman Rachel A. , Willmes Malte , Hung Tien-Chieh , Ellison Luke , Stevenson Troy , Tigan Galen , Schultz Andrew A. , Hobbs James A.
Published: November 2021

Background

The application of otolith-based tools to inform the management and conservation of fishes first requires taxon- and stage-specific validation. The Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), a critically endangered estuarine fish that is endemic to the upper San Francisco Estuary (SFE), California, United States, serves as a key indicator species in the SFE; thus, understanding this species’ vital rates and population dynamics is valuable for assessing the overall health of the estuary. Otolith-based tools have been developed and applied across multiple life stages of Delta Smelt to reconstruct age structure, growth, phenology, and migration. However, key methodological assumptions have yet to be validated, thus limiting confidence in otolith-derived metrics that are important for informing major water management decisions in the SFE.

Methods

Using known-age cultured Delta Smelt and multiple independent otolith analysts, we examined otolith formation, otolith-somatic proportionality, aging accuracy and precision, left-right symmetry, and the effects of image magnification for larval, juvenile, and adult Delta Smelt.

Results

Overall, otolith size varied linearly with fish size (from 10–60 mm), explaining 99% of the variation in fish length, despite a unique slope for larvae < 10 mm. Otolith-somatic proportionality was similar among wild and cultured specimens. Aging precision among independent analysts was 98% and aging accuracy relative to known ages was 96%, with age estimates exhibiting negligible differences among left and right otoliths. Though error generally increased with age, percent error decreased from 0–30 days-post-hatch, with precision remaining relatively high (≥ 95%) thereafter. Increased magnification (400×) further improved aging accuracy for the oldest, slowest-growing individuals. Together, these results indicate that otolith-based techniques provide reliable age and growth reconstructions for larval, juvenile, and adult Delta Smelt. Such experimental assessments across multiple developmental stages are key steps toward assessing confidence in otolith-derived metrics that are often used to assess the dynamics of wild fish populations.
Análisis lingüístico del Na’vi, lengua inventada para la película Avatar Leticia Gándara Fernández
Authors:   Universidad de Extremadura (España), Gándara Fernández Leticia
Published: November 2021

En esta investigación se presenta una análisis lingüístico del na’vi, lengua creada por Frommer con propósitos estéticos para complementar el universo fantástico recreado en Avatar. Con este estudio se pretende mostrar cómo el autor diseña los principales rasgos fonéticos, gramaticales y léxicos de este sistema con el fin de asociarlo a la cultura na’vi y conseguir así el efecto deseado: un sonido bello y extraño a su vez.
La explicitación en traducción o cómo traducir al español los eufemismos de tres obras clásicas chinas
Authors:   Universidad de Fudan (China), Cai Yazhi
Published: November 2021

En este artículo, hemos procurado examinar la explicitación como un universal de traducción a través del estudio de la traducción al español de los eufemismos de tres obras clásicas chinas. Los resultados demuestran que la explicitación es una técnica de traducción recurrente en el corpus de textos literarios estudiado, lo que se corresponde con la hipótesis de explicitación planteada por varios teóricos; asimismo, mediante nuestro análisis, hemos podido comprobar que el grado de explicitación se vincula con el ámbito al que pertenece el eufemismo original y también está estrechamente relacionado con el estilo del traductor.
Quién traduce literatura japonesa en España: agentes en la traducción y publicación
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, España, Serra-Vilella Alba
Published: November 2021

Este estudio pretende contribuir a un mayor conocimiento del papel de los principales agentes en el proceso de traducción de monografías, concretamente, editoriales, traductores y protraductores. Se analiza el caso de la circulación literaria de Japón a España a través de los paratextos y de datos cuantitativos de publicaciones obtenidos de un amplio corpus que abarca de 1904 a 2014. Los resultados muestran una correlación entre la traducción directa del japonés y la especialización de editoriales y traducciones, así como el papel de los protraductores en la circulación literaria entre culturas.
Adaptive attitude control for spacecraft systems with sensor and actuator attacks
Authors: Sun Haibin , Hou Linlin
Published: November 2021

This paper is addressed with the attitude stabilization problem for spacecraft systems with external disturbances in physical layer and sensor and actuator attacks (SAAs) in cyber layer. Some state‐dependent attacks are implanted in system measurement data channels and control input commands. Two stable adaptive backstepping controllers are constructed for two different assumption conditions with sensor attack, in which a compensation term in each controller is included to eliminate the effects of SAAs and recover the ideal system performance. Under the proposed control schemes, the system states can asymptotically converge to zero even if SAAs and external disturbances are co‐existing. The validity of the developed scheme is demonstrated via a simulation example.
Dye‐Sensitized Rare Earth Nanoparticles with Up/Down Conversion Luminescence for On‐Demand Gas Therapy of Glioblastoma Guided by NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Liu Zheng , Yun Baofeng , Han Yaobao , Jiang Zhilin , Zhu Hongqin , Ren Feng , Li Zhen
Published: November 2021

As the primary malignant tumor in the brain, glioblastoma exhibits a high mortality due to the challenges for complete treatment by conventional therapeutic methods. It is of great importance to develop innovative therapeutic agents and methods for treatment of glioblastoma. In this work, the imaging and therapy of glioblastoma are reported by using dye sensitized core‐shell NaYF4:Yb/Tm@NaYF4:Nd nanoparticles with strong up/down‐conversion luminescence, of which the ultraviolet up‐conversion emissions at 348 and 365 nm are significantly enhanced by nearly 28 times and used to control the release of SO2 from 5‐Amino‐1,3‐dihydrobenzo[c]thiophene 2,2‐dioxide prodrug for gas therapy, and the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) down conversion emission at 1340 nm is increased five times and applied for imaging. It is revealed that the released SO2 molecules not only cause oxidative stress damage of tumor cells, but also induce their pro‐death autophagy by down‐regulating the expression of p62 and up‐regulating the ratio of LC3‐II/LC3‐I, ultimately inhibiting tumor growth. The work demonstrates the great potential of rare earth nano‐platform with functions of NIR‐II imaging and photo‐controlled gas therapy in the diagnosis and treatment of orthotopic glioblastoma.
Programmable and Parallel Trapping of Submicron/Nanoscale Particles Using Acoustic Micro‐Pillar Array Chip
Authors: Zhang Guanyu , Cui Weiwei , Pang Wei , Liu Shuchang , Ning Shupeng , Li Xingchen , Reed Mark
Published: November 2021

Acoustofluidics has emerged as a promising method for submicron particle manipulation. However, ultrahigh‐frequency or focused sound waves are usually required to generate sufficient acoustic radiation force or localized streaming vortex for trapping nanoscale objects, which is more challenging in device fabrication. This work presents a novel method using a low‐frequency acoustic field actuated micro‐pillar array (APA) chip to efficiently enable programmable and parallel trapping of nanoparticles. Driven by the acoustic waves, each arrayed vibrating micropillar generates a highly localized acoustic field with enhanced acoustic radiation forces and well‐confined vortex streaming around the pillar. The APA chip is demonstrated with geometric tuning ability of regulating the trapping limit by altering the pillar size. Micropillar arrays with a diameter of 5 µm are demonstrated to trap 112 nm particles efficiently. Thanks to the convenience of using ultrasounds and arraying micropillars of different geometric sizes, the APA chip provides an alternative of submicron particle manipulation technique for programmable and high‐throughput trapping and patterning of particles, with potential for “lab‐on‐a‐chip” sample preparations.
Homogeneous Polymer Films for Passive Daytime Cooling: Optimized Thickness for Maximized Cooling Performance
Authors: Herrmann Kai , Lauster Tobias , Song Qimeng , Retsch Markus
Published: November 2021

Passive radiative cooling materials that spontaneously cool below ambient temperature can save tremendous amounts of energy used for cooling applications. A multitude of materials, structures, and fabrication strategies have been reported in recent years. Important material parameters like a tailored or broadband emissivity, angle selectivity, or the influence of nonradiative heat losses were discussed in detail. The material thickness has been far less researched and is typically chosen sufficiently thick to ensure high emission in the atmospheric transparency window between wavelengths of 8–13 μm. However, not only the material emittance but also atmospheric and solar energy uptake depend on the material thickness. This broadband interplay has been less addressed so far. Herein, it is shown how an optimum thickness of a passive cooling material can be predicted when the optical properties of the material are known. Using complex refractive index data, the thickness‐dependent cooling performance of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in back‐reflector geometry as exemplary material is calculated. For both day‐ and nighttime operation, an optimum emitter thickness is reported. The findings are verified experimentally by measuring the equilibrium temperatures of PDMS films with different thicknesses in a rooftop experiment. The presented analytical approach is directly transferable to other materials.
Winter crop effect on soybean production in the Southeast United States
Authors: Gross MaKayla R. , Vann Rachel Atwell , Woodley Alex L. , Jordan David
Published: November 2021

Various winter crops can be produced before soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] in the Southeast United States, however the effect of these winter crops on soybean productivity and the optimum maturity group to use following various winter crops remains unknown. This experiment was conducted in five environments across North Carolina in 2019 and 2020 to understand the effect of winter crop and soybean maturity group (MG) on soybean productivity. Winter crops investigated included cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) as cover crop, cereal rye–crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) as cover crop mixture, May fallow, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for grain, rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) for grain, and June fallow. Three soybean cultivars (MGs III, V, and VII) were evaluated following each winter crop. Data collected were cover crop/residue biomass, winter crop grain yields, soybean stand, soil moisture, soil temperature, soybean chlorophyll content, and soybean yield. Across environments, winter crop did not affect soybean yield despite differences in soybean stand, soil moisture, soil temperature, and soybean chlorophyll content following various winter crops. The results indicate that across the environments evaluated in this experiment, factors such as soybean stand, soil moisture, or N availability were not limiting factors for soybean productivity and that soybean yield response is relatively insensitive to previous crops. Across winter crops, greater yields typically were achieved with a MGs V and VII cultivar than with a MG III cultivar. Results from this experiment demonstrate that the insensitivity of soybean yield to the previous crop allows for flexibility incorporating soybean into rotations and that regardless of the previous winter crop, yield is typically optimized with a MG V cultivar or later when standard management practices are employed.
Einsatz der kooperativen Katalyse für die Oberflächensynthese linearer heteroaromatischer Polymere durch selektive C‐H‐Aktivierung
Authors: Liu Xunshan , Matej Adam , Kratky Tim , Mendieta‐Moreno Jesús I. , Günther Sebastian , Mutombo Pingo , Decurtins Silvio , Aschauer Ulrich , Repp Jascha , Jelinek Pavel , Liu Shi‐Xia , Patera Laerte L.
Published: November 2021

Die regiospezifische C‐H‐Aktivierung ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz, um ausgedehnte Polymere mit maßgeschneiderten Strukturen zu erhalten. Bei einem neueren synthetischen Ansatz, der die regioselektive Homokupplung von heteroaromatischen Molekülen auf der Oberfläche ermöglicht hat, wurden jedoch nur kleine Oligomere erreicht. In diesem Artikel wird zum ersten Mal über die selektive C‐H‐Aktivierung für dehydrierende C‐C‐Kupplungen von Hexaazatriphenylen durch die Scholl‐Reaktion berichtet. Durch die Kombination von Niedertemperatur‐Rastertunnelmikroskopie (RTM) und Rasterkraftmikroskopie (RKM) konnten wir die Bildung von eindimensionalen Polymeren mit einer Doppelkettenstruktur nachweisen. Die Details des Wachstumsprozesses werden durch Dichtefunktionaltheorie (DFT)‐Berechnungen beleuchtet, die auf eine kooperative katalytische Wirkung von Na‐ und Ag‐Atomen bei der Steuerung der C‐H‐Selektivität für die Polymerisation hinweisen.
Changing looks of the nucleus of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1566 compared with other changing‐look AGNs
Authors: Oknyansky Victor
Published: November 2021

We present results of a long‐term optical, UV, and X‐ray study of variability of the nearby changing‐look (CL) Seyfert NGC 1566 which was observed with the Swift Observatory from 2007 to 2020. We summarize our previously published spectroscopic and photometric results and present new observations. We reported on the alteration in the spectral type of NGC 1566 in 2018 (REF1). Moreover, we focused on the exceptional postmaximum behavior after 2018 July, when all bands dropped with some fluctuations (REF2). We observed four significant re‐brightenings in the postmaximum period. We have found differences in X‐ray and UV/Optical variability. The ratio was decreased during 2018–2020. New postmaximum spectra covering the period November 31, 2018 to September 23, 2019 show dramatic changes compared to August 2, 2018, with fading of the broad lines and [Fe X] λ6374 until 2019 March (REF2). Effectively, two changing‐look (CL) states were observed for this object: Changing to type 1.2 and then returning to the low state as a type 1.8 Sy. We suggest that the changes are mostly due to fluctuations in the energy generation. Variability properties of NGC1566 are compared with our results for other CL active galactic nuclei.
Metabolic analysis of the asparagine and glutamine dynamics in an industrial Chinese hamster ovary fed‐batch process
Authors: Kirsch Brian J. , Bennun Sandra V. , Mendez Adam , Johnson Amy S. , Wang Hongxia , Qiu Haibo , Li Ning , Lawrence Shawn M. , Bak Hanne , Betenbaugh Michael J.
Published: November 2021

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are grown in cultures with varying asparagine and glutamine concentrations, but further study is needed to characterize the interplay between these amino acids. By following 13C‐glucose, 13C‐glutamine, and 13C‐asparagine tracers using metabolic flux analysis (MFA), CHO cell metabolism was characterized in an industrially relevant fed‐batch process under glutamine supplemented and low glutamine conditions during early and late exponential growth. For both conditions MFA revealed glucose as the primary carbon source to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle followed by glutamine and asparagine as secondary sources. Early exponential phase CHO cells prefer glutamine over asparagine to support the TCA cycle under the glutamine supplemented condition, while asparagine was critical for TCA activity for the low glutamine condition. Overall TCA fluxes were similar for both conditions due to the trade‐offs associated with reliance on glutamine and/or asparagine. However, glutamine supplementation increased fluxes to alanine, lactate and enrichment of glutathione, N‐acetyl‐glucosamine and pyrimidine‐containing‐molecules. The late exponential phase exhibited reduced central carbon metabolism dominated by glucose, while lactate reincorporation and aspartate uptake were preferred over glutamine and asparagine. These 13C studies demonstrate that metabolic flux is process time dependent and can be modulated by varying feed composition.
Ventilation‐induced epithelial injury drives biological onset of lung trauma in vitro and is mitigated with prophylactic anti‐inflammatory therapeutics
Authors: Nof Eliram , Artzy‐Schnirman Arbel , Bhardwaj Saurabh , Sabatan Hadas , Waisman Dan , Hochwald Ori , Gruber Maayan , Borenstein‐Levin Liron , Sznitman Josué
Published: November 2021

Mortality rates among patients suffering from acute respiratory failure remain perplexingly high despite the maintenance of blood oxygen homeostasis during ventilatory support. The biotrauma hypothesis advocates that mechanical forces from invasive ventilation trigger immunological mediators that spread systemically. Yet, how these forces elicit an immune response remains unclear. Here, a biomimetic in vitro three‐dimensional (3D) upper airways model allows to recapitulate lung injury and immune responses induced during invasive mechanical ventilation in neonates. Under such ventilatory support, flow‐induced stresses injure the bronchial epithelium of the intubated airways model and directly modulate epithelial cell inflammatory cytokine secretion associated with pulmonary injury. Fluorescence microscopy and biochemical analyses reveal site‐specific susceptibility to epithelial erosion in airways from jet‐flow impaction and are linked to increases in cell apoptosis and modulated secretions of cytokines IL‐6, ‐8, and ‐10. In an effort to mitigate the onset of biotrauma, prophylactic pharmacological treatment with Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, reduces apoptosis and pro‐inflammatory signaling during invasive ventilation of the in vitro model. This 3D airway platform points to a previously overlooked origin of lung injury and showcases translational opportunities in preclinical pulmonary research toward protective therapies and improved protocols for patient care.