bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Os efeitos adversos da energia eólica no Brasil
Authors: Cunha Graziela Sousa da , Silva José Alderir da , Silva William Gledson e
Published: November 2024

Na busca por um desenvolvimento sustentável e preservação dos recursos naturais, a energia eólica tem se mostrado, nos últimos anos, uma alternativa viável para a transição energética renovável. No Brasil, essa fonte energética é ainda mais promissora em razão da elevada disponibilidade de ventos no território nordestino. Contudo, apesar dos muitos benefícios associados à fonte de geração de energia eólica, estudos mostram que a implantação desses parques pode produzir impactos sociais e ambientais. Diante desse cenário, este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar as externalidades negativas da geração de energia eólica no Brasil, tanto para o meio ambiente quanto para a sociedade. Os resultados indicam que os principais impactos socioambientais detectados, desde a implantação até o funcionamento daquela modalidade de parques, consistem em: interferência na fauna e flora; produção de ruído; erosão, desmatamento e mau uso do solo; interferência eletromagnética, e alteração na paisagem. Partindo dessa premissa, é necessário que sejam realizados estudos para uma avaliação mais aprofundada acerca das externalidades negativas dos empreendimentos eólicos, de modo que o desenvolvimento dessa fonte de energia avance preservando totalmente os recursos naturais e sem comprometer o bem-estar das gerações atuais e futuras.
Direito e modo de produção capitalista
Authors: Gissoni Gissoni
Published: November 2024

Este trabalho discute o papel ideológico do direito no modo de produção capitalista. Considerando-se a existência “antediluviana” do direito, no capitalismo seu papel é qualitativamente diferente daquilo que temos em sociedades pré-capitalistas — genericamente referidas por “modo de produção tributário” — à medida que, a partir da revolução burguesa, a forma jurídica alça-se à condição que chamo de “ideologia fundamental” da sociedade, diretamente ligada a e reflexo necessário de sua base material. Isso ocorre em razão da ligação entre a forma jurídica e a forma mercadoria, ligação esta descoberta por Pachukanis.
Analisis Yuridis Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Kurator Terhadap Tindak Pidana Penggelapan Dalam Proses Pemberesan Harta Pailit
Authors: Br Siahaan Yanti Tiara
Published: November 2024

AbstrakTujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mempelajari peran kurator dalam pengolahan dan pemberesan harta pailit serta konsekuensi pidana terhadap kurator yang melakukan penggelapan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang serta Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Dengan menggunakan metodologi penelitian kualitatif, hasilnya adalah elindungi hak hak kreditur atas tindakan kurator dan menghukum kurator yang melakukan tindak pidana selama proses pemberesan harta pailit. Salah satu perlindungan yang diberikan kepada debitor adalah hak atas klaim aset yang tidak dilaporkan secara terbuka, perlindungan aset selama proses pemberesan harta pailit, perlindungan aset dari penjualan aset yang tidak sesuai dengan harga pasar, dan perlindungan dari laporan yang dimanipulasi oleh kurator. Pemerintah menerapkan Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (UU KPKPU) dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) dengan menerapkan sanksi pidana, termasuk penjara paling lama 5 tahun, serta sanksi tambahan, seperti pencabutan izin atau status.Kata Kunci : Pertanggungjawaban Pidana, Kepailitan, Sanksi PidanaAbstractThis writing aims to examine the curator's role in overseeing and resolving assets in bankruptcy, as well as the criminal consequences for curators who commit embezzlement, as outlined in Law Number 37 of 2004 About Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations and Bankruptcy and the Criminal Code. Using qualitative research methodology, the result is to protect the rights of creditors against the actions of the curator and to punish the curator who commits crimes during the bankruptcy asset settlement process. The right to claim assets that are not publicly reported, asset protection throughout the bankruptcy settlement process, asset protection from the sale of assets that do not reflect market values, and protection from curator-manipulated reports are some of the safeguards granted to the debtor. The government enforces the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Law Number 37 of 2004 About Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations and Bankruptcy (UU KPKPU) by enforcing criminal penalties, which include up to five years in prison, as well as other penalties like license or status revocation.Keywords : Criminal Liability, Bankruptcy, Criminal Sanctions
Inclusive Excellence in Practice: Integrating Equitable, Consequential Learning and an Inclusive Climate in Higher Education Classrooms and Institutions
Authors: Davis Susannah , Nolen Susan , Koretsky Milo
Published: November 2024

In education, initiatives aimed at improving diversity, equity, inclusivity, and justice (DEIJ) are often conceptualized and implemented separately from those addressing students’ and faculty’s learning — and the reverse is also true. In this theoretical paper with an empirical illustration, we present a holistic framework based on our experience with a comprehensive change initiative. The I2 Framework posits that DEIJ and learning goals need to be addressed simultaneously and at multiple, intersecting organizational levels. Through a systems approach, I2 integrates change activity across two dimensions: one representing goals of reform (DEIJ and improved learning) and another representing levels of organizational change (classroom and department/organization). I2 integrates the work of creating equitable, consequential learning opportunities in the classroom and the work of creating an inclusive climate at the departmental/organizational level, emphasizing their inherent relatedness. We provide an empirical example based on design-based implementation research and related mixed methods analyses of a multi-year change project in an engineering department at a large, public university in the United States. The example highlights a need to shift the nature of this work, how we do this work, and the environment and culture within which we do this work at both the classroom level and the department level. The example also illustrates ways that elements of the change initiative intersected with existing institutional practices, leading some innovations to succeed and others to be resisted. The I2 Framework provides guidance to practitioners, policymakers, and leaders working towards equitable, consequential learning at the classroom level and an inclusive climate at departmental and institutional levels.
Inertial (self-)collisions of viscoelastic solids with Lipschitz boundaries
Authors: Češík Antonín , Gravina Giovanni , Kampschulte Malte
Published: November 2024

We continue our study, started in [A. Češík, G. Gravina and M. Kampschulte,
Inertial evolution of non-linear viscoelastic solids in the face of (self-)collision,
Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 63 2024, 2, Paper No. 55], of (self-)collisions of viscoelastic solids in an inertial regime. We show existence of weak solutions with a corresponding contact force measure in the case of solids with only Lipschitz-regular boundaries. This necessitates a careful study of different concepts of tangent and normal cones and the role these play both in the proofs and in the formulation of the problem itself. Consistent with our previous approach, we study contact without resorting to penalization, i.e., by only relying on a strict non-interpenetration condition. Additionally, we improve the strategies of our previous proof, eliminating the need for regularization terms across all levels of approximation.
More Than One Encounter: Exploring the Second-Person Perspective and the In-Between
Authors: Hansen Bjarke Mørkøre Stigel
Published: November 2024

In this essay, I explore the notion of the encounter as a challenge to the second-person perspective. I do so by turning to Jacques Derrida’s account of the encounter with the associated notions of address, second-person perspective, otherness, and the secret involved in the understanding of the encounter. My argument is not only that such a dynamic can be seen in Derrida’s deliberation, but also that drawing the connection between encounter and Derrida’s account highlights the complex way in which the second-person perspective is involved in the dialogical situation.
Generalized delay BSDE driven by fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Sane Ibrahima , Aidara Sadibou , Diallo Amadou Saikou , Manga Clement
Published: November 2024

This paper deals with a class of Generalized delay backward stochastic differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion (with Hurst parameter H greater than

1
2

\frac{1}{2}

). In this type of equation, a generator at
time t can depend not only on the present but also the past solutions. We essentially establish existence and uniqueness of a solution in the case of Lipschitz coefficients. This paper is an extension of the first paper from [S. Aidara and I. Sane,
Deplay BSDEs driven by fractional Brownian motion,
Random Oper. Stoch. Equ. 30 2022, 1, 21–31]. The stochastic
integral used throughout this paper is the divergence-type integral.
Stochastic integration respect a cylindrical martingale-Lévy process with second moments
Authors: Alvarado-Solano Anddy
Published: November 2024

In this work we present an easy and direct construction of a Stochastic integral respect a cylindrical martingale-Lévy process. To do this, we apply the radonification technique. The radonification technique has been very useful to define an genuine stochastic process starting from a cylindrical process combine with Hilbert–Schmidt operators. With this work we present a self-contained construction, easy to follow to understand this new integration theories that are getting strong nowadays.
Umzugsplanung mit Fabrikdatenmodellen und Virtual Reality
Authors: Schuhegger Lukas , Kara Sinan , Galka Stefan , Dünnweber Jan , Meißner Sebastian
Published: November 2024

Angesichts eines dynamischen industriellen Umfelds müssen produzierende Unternehmen flexibel bleiben und sich kontinuierlich anpassen, um ihre Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu erhalten. Eine effektive Planung von Restrukturierungen in Produktionssystemen, oft als Umzugsplanung bezeichnet, ist entscheidend, um Verzögerungen zu vermeiden und Stillstandszeiten zu minimieren. Die Identifikation von Umzugsfällen, welche den Umfang umzuziehender Ressourcen wie Maschinen, Anlagen, Ausrüstungen und Arbeitsplätzen beschreiben und die Definition zugehöriger Aufgaben sind essenzielle Schritte der Umzugsplanung. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine Vorgehensweise zur Bestimmung von Umzugsfällen mittels eines Fabrikdatenmodells vor, ergänzt durch eine Visualisierung in Virtual Reality, um Planende bei der Umzugsplanung zu unterstützen.
Zielführendes Verhalten auf dem Shopfloor
Authors: Mechenbier Sarah , Metternich Joachim
Published: November 2024

Unternehmen müssen sich verändernde Ziele verfolgen, um konkurrenzfähig zu bleiben. Zum Erfolg sind sie u.a. auf das zielführende Verhalten von Mitarbeitenden angewiesen. Klassische Produktionsmanagementansätze stützen sich auf logikbasierten Methodiken. Das Verhalten von Mitarbeitenden wird davon häufig nicht nachhaltig beeinflusst, da Menschen vor allem unter Zeitdruck intuitiv handeln und logische Fakten vernachlässigen. Zur systematischen Unterstützung des intuitiven Handels bietet Nudging beachtliches Potenzial.
Discourse on the content of issues of administrative and territorial structure of Ukraine
Authors: Potapenko S.A.
Published: November 2024

The article deals with historical and legal aspects of regulation of administrative and territorial structure of Ukraine. It is analyzed normative legal acts that determine the content of issues of administrative and territorial structure. It is emphasized that in Ukraine the issues of administrative-territorial structure are not comprehensively defined, since they are regulated by a number of legal acts of different legal force, and the special law on the administrative and territorial structure has not yet been adopted. It is proved that the change of the territory of Ukraine is the main issue of its territorial structure. Attention is emphasized that settlements are a complex link of system of administrative-territorial structure as naturally formed territorial entities, the construction and elimination of which are also issues of administrative-territorial structure. It is established that the transfer of territories between administrative-territorial units is an integral part of resolving issues during their formation, unification, elimination and establishment of their boundaries. It is stated that solution of issues of administrative-territorial structure is a comprehensive legal institute, defines the list of these issues, which are the legal content of constitutional, administrative, land and other legal relations. The author proposes a list of issues of administrative-territorial structure, which are resolved in the conditions of existing territorial organization of power in Ukraine. Proposals for taking into account the list of issues of administrative and territorial structure in the article in the development of bills in the specified field and their consideration in the law enforcement activities of the subjects of power.
Los usos de las campañas anti-corrupción en México
Authors: Nieto Nubia Zulma
Published: November 2024

Mexico has signed and ratified the most important anti-corruption initiatives in the world. As member of the OECD, G-20, and active member of the United Nations, the Organization of American States, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank, Mexico has agreed to fight corruption. At national level, every Mexican president, as part of their National program, has included anticorruption initiatives in their political agendas. However, the levels of corruption and impunity in Mexico continue being high, which raises the following questions: Why do national politicians promise to curb corruption at the beginning of their governments? Why many Mexican Politicians who promise to reduce corruption at the end of their governments are involved in corruption affairs? Are Mexican politicians engaged in fighting corruption? This paper tries to analyze these questions, and it embarks on an exploration of the anti-corruption campaigns as a mainstay of the Mexican Political system since the government of José López Portillo (1976-1982) to Enrique Peña Nieto (2012-2018).
Actitudes e ideologías lingüísticas de docentes de español: entre la corrección y el valor de la diversidad
Authors: Rodríguez Ana Constanza
Published: November 2024

This article exposes some of the elements conforming teachers' language attitudes in the Spanish language classrooms in Bogota. Taking the notion of linguistic ideologies, the tension between linguistic correction (based on the idea of the standard language) and the educational guidelines oriented to the recognition of linguistic diversity in the school setting is analyzed. Finally, the paper goes back to the contributions of sociolinguistics research to overcome the conflict and propose the strengthening of sociolinguistic awareness as educational strategy for teachers and students to promote the linguistic diversity value in language classroom.
Chipaque: un análisis sobre las condiciones de acceso a los espacios educativos en clave de lectura y escritura
Authors: Guevara Aladino Tomás
Published: November 2024

The main interest of the research from which this paper results are non-academic practices of reading and writing. The starting point is that these practices can only be understood in the material and symbolic contexts in which they take place and this paper is, precisely, a deepening on people’s conditions to access educational spaces in Chipaque where some reading and writing practices occur. This paper proposes a narrative structure that shows, in light of the researcher’s experience in the field, the configuration of an investigation problem pertinent in the specificity of the context. This narrative tries to highlight the random nature of all social investigation, as well as emphasizing the material conditions of the municipality and its educational spaces. The investigation methodology articulates participant observation in the educational spaces, semi-structured interviews to people in charge of these spaces and the review of institutional documents that shed light upon the role of the educational spaces in the municipality. We will see that the access conditions to the educational spaces, and the reading and writing practices that take place there are determined by the social dynamics of the municipality and the relation between the ministries in charge of such spaces.
Vivir la comunión en la diferencia en tiempos de posmodernidad.
Authors: Gómez Zuluaga Luz Dary
Published: November 2024

Man is a relational being, built and maintains the relationships that he establishes with other. This condition comes from having been created in the image and likeness of God, who is a community of people, a God who is in relationship with love and who imprints this seal on his creature. However, he can ignore this condition and wish to live in the illusion of autarky, of the complete autonomy that leads him to the denial of his being, to loneliness, fear and death, which are at the root of all types of disagreement in which humanity lives today and from which only the personal closeness of someone who loves him can save him. This is precisely what God, in Christ, does for humanity. He shows the way to recover the relationship with the Other, that starting from the meeting leads to the intimate experience of communion in love. This can be today, a hopeful way in front of the multiple signs of the postmodern culture, especially, to the fragility of the personal ties, which plunges many people into loneliness and nonsense; at the same time a challenge for the disciples of Christ.
Consideraciones éticas en torno de la documentación del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial
Authors: Topete Lara Hilario
Published: November 2024

This paper contains some reflections on the ways in which Intangible Cultural Heritage is studied. Additionally, it proposes general ideas for the training of professionals who produce audio-visual documents of oral tradition. However, the major emphasis in the text is found in the ethical training of the professional working with Intangible Cultural Heritage
Some degree problems in number fields
Authors:   , Maciulevičius Lukas
Published: November 2024

Tam tikri laipsnių uždaviniai skaičių kūnuose
CONTEXTUALIZANDO A DÉCADA DO ENVELHECIMENTO SAUDÁVEL
Authors: Maria Moriguchi Jeckel Cristina , H. A. Schwanke Carla , R. G. Furini Cristiane
Published: November 2024

A Assembleia Mundial da Saúde, em 2016, adotou a estratégia global de utilizar abordagens baseadas em evidências para maximizar as habilidades das pessoas idosas, fundamentada no conceito de envelhecimento saudável. Um dos objetivos do plano de ação foi preparar a “Década do Envelhecimento Saudável 2021-2030”, proposta que foi endossada pela Assembleia Mundial da Saúde em agosto de 2020 e pela Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas em dezembro de 2020 (WHO, 2020).
PREVENÇÃO DE ABUSO DE SUBSTÂNCIAS COMO CONDIÇÃO EM UM ENVELHECER SAUDÁVEL
Authors: Birk Fernanda , Viel Meneghetti Monique , Eugênio Mazzucchi Santana Ferreira Pedro
Published: November 2024

Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), em 2019 o número de pessoas com mais de 60 anos era de 1 bilhão. Este número deve aumentar para 1,4 bilhão de pessoas em 2030 e para mais de 2 bilhões de pessoas em 2050. Um bom envelhecimento acrescenta vida aos anos. Esta oportunidade depende fortemente das escolhas de envelhecimento saudável (OMS, 2020).
O QUE O ENVELHECIMENTO SAUDÁVEL TEM A DIZER SOBRE A SÍNDROME DA INSUFICIÊNCIA FAMILIAR?
Authors: Iracema de Lima Argimon Irani , Klotz da Rosa Michele , Teixeira Thaiéle
Published: November 2024

A pergunta proposta no título deste capítulo é provocativa. Afinal, o que o envelhecimento saudável, que se ocupa dos aspectos positivos, teria a dizer sobre uma síndrome? Ainda mais sobre uma síndrome tão pouco compreendida entre nós profissionais, acadêmicos, pacientes e familiares.
ENVELHESENDO NA AMÉRICA CENTRAL: AVANÇOS E DESAFIOS NA BUSCA REGIONAL PELO ENVELHECIMENTO ATIVO E SAUDÁVEL
Authors: Gutiérrez-Murillo Roberth Steven , Krieger Grossi Patrícia
Published: November 2024

Nesse capítulo, buscamos fornecer uma abordagem gerontológica do contexto jurídico-sanitário da América Central, com especial interesse no impacto que o fenômeno do envelhecimento populacional tem gerado nas sociedades contemporâneas da região. Com tal visão, estabelecemos um recorte ecológico de séries temporais retrospectivas para abordar dados quantitativos relacionados a indicadores sanitários.
PLATAFORMAS PARA PERSONALIZAÇÃO DA MEDICINA NO ENVELHECIMENTO
Authors: Rodrigo Marinowic Daniel , Zanirati Gabriele , Antônio Costa Xavier Fernando
Published: November 2024

A medicina de precisão é baseada na personalização de um determinado tratamento, onde o direcionamento frente ao uso de uma intervenção é projetado para uma pequena população, porém com altíssima probabilidade de beneficiar e de obter grande sucesso em sua aplicação. Essa prática médica considera as características mensuráveis biológica e não biológicas, como predisposição genética, metabolização de fármacos, fatores socioambientais, estilo de vida, entre outros.
BIOÉTICA, VIDA E VIVER
Authors: Roberto Goldim José
Published: November 2024

O significado do que é a vida é uma das questões que mais desafiaram os pensadores ao longo da história da humanidade. Contudo, não é apenas a vida que nos gera estas reflexões, mas também o viver. Por muito tempo estas palavras eram simplesmente associadas, sem uma clara distinção.
ATENUANDO A IMUNOSSENESCÊNCIA PARA UM ENVELHECIMENTO SAUDÁVEL
Authors: Prestes Madruga Mailton , Franco dos Santos Manuela , Evandro Bauer Moisés
Published: November 2024

O sistema imunológico sofre modificações progressivas ao longo do envelhecimento, processo denominado imunossenescência. As alterações descritas na imunossenescência se relacionam com maior suscetibilidade às infecções respiratórias, câncer, doenças autoimunes, menor eficácia das vacinas, bem como em alterações cognitivas e emocionais no idoso (Barbé-Tuana; Funchal; Schmitz; Maurmann et al., 2020).
ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E ENVELHECIMENTO SAUDÁVEL
Authors: Galvan Corso Zanivan Francieli , Aquino de Souza Yolanda , Schwan Luciana
Published: November 2024

É sabido que incorporar alguma atividade física no dia a dia é de extrema importância para a saúde. De acordo com o relatório da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) de 2013, a inatividade física é um dos principais problemas de saúde pública em todo o mundo. Ela constitui o 4o fator de risco de mortalidade em nível mundial, (6% das mortes), superado apenas por hipertensão arterial (13%) tabagismo (9%) e diabetes melito (7%). Na era do envelhecimento global e com o aumento da expectativa de vida torna-se ainda mais preocupante esses dados no que tange o espectro da incapacidade e da dependência, as maiores adversidades à saúde associadas ao envelhecimento (Alves; Freitas, 2022).
MEDICINA DO ESPORTE PARA O ENVELHECIMENTO SAUDÁVEL: PREVENÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DE LESÕES EM PESSOAS IDOSAS ATIVAS
Authors: Donini Cezar Bruno , da Costa Salecker Mariana , Reimann Baptista Rafael
Published: November 2024

Segundo dados da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), no relatório Population Prospect de 2022, a estimativa de população acima dos 60 anos no Brasil, em 2050, é de cerca de 60 milhões, contrastando com as cerca de 31 milhões de pessoas idosas em 2022 (ONU, 2022).
Personas colaboradoras 184
Authors: Ciencias Sociales Revista
Published: November 2024

Personas colaboradoras 184
Egy történelmi töredék az asszír kori Izraelből? Amherst 63 papirusz XVII 1–6
Authors: Zsengellér József
Published: November 2024

Az Amherst 63 papirusz egy rövid szakasza (XVII 1–6) egy szemtanú beszámolója arról, hogy samáriai katonák érkeztek egy erődbe. Az elephantinéi jahvista kolóniához is köthető szöveg legújabb értelmezése szerint ez a jelenet Palmürában játszódik, és egy asszír kori többetnikumú csoport egyikének alapító története. Véleményem szerint ez a tézis nem állja meg a helyét. A szöveg szóhasználatának és feltételezett helyszínének vizsgálata alapján inkább a babiloni korba és Tajma oázisába helyezném a történetet. De még így is sok a kérdőjel.
Egy kora klasszikus kori attikai vázakép költészeti vonatkozásairól
Authors: Mayer Péter
Published: November 2024

A tanulmány a Kleophradés-festő vázaképének satyrost és alvó mainast ábrázoló két töredékét vizsgálja (Malibu 85.AE.188 és 81.AE.206.C.15). A satyros feliratos formában dokumentált szavai jelentős részben egyeznek Pentheusnak az euripidési Bakkhánsnők 918. sorában elhangzó szavaival. A képi ábrázolás, a vázafelirat és a tragédiaszöveg sajátos megfelelésének fényében – amely eddig elkerülte az Euripidés-kutatás figyelmét – a tanulmány kísérletet tesz a Pentheus szavainak pszichológiai és rituális hátterét illető korábbi elméletek kritikus újraértékelésére.
Pre-r/l breaking in English and the diphthongal bias
Authors: Starčević Attila
Published: November 2024

We analyse j/w+r sequences in the history Early Modern English (EMoE), the predecessor of Standard (Reference) British English (SSBE) and its most current version, Current British English (CUBE) to arrive at the nature of historical pre-r (and also pre-l) breaking, a process (together with r-deletion and smoothing) responsible for the phonemic contrast between schwa-final and any other diphthongs (and long vowels): bear ɛə vs bay ej (or eɪ), lore ɔə vs law ɔː vs low ow at the beginning of the twentieth century, found as bɛː vs bɛj, loː law/lore vs ləw low CUBE. The main thrust of the argument presented here is that (i) (historical) diphthongs and the long high monophthongs are uniformly represented as vowel+glide sequences, giving ‘bias’ to the title and (ii) that breaking is consonant prevocalisation (CP) of r/ɫ in j/w+r/ɫ sequences (lejr > lejər lair, fajɫ > fajəɫ file). This is followed by r-deletion and smoothing (leər > lɛə > lɛː lair), which are unrelated to breaking ‘proper’. The analysis of breaking as consonant prevocalisation builds on the framework developed by Operstein (2010), with earlier precursors in articulatory phonology, historical linguistics (e.g. Howell 1991a, 1991b), and frameworks using privative melodic features, such as government phonology (e.g. Kaye, Lowenstamm & Vergnaud 1985), dependency phonology (Anderson & Ewen 1987), particle phonology (Schane 1984), element theory (Backley 2011), etc. The article introduces the theoretical background in section 1, followed in section 2 by a discussion of breaking in the history of English. We then look at a classical interpretation of breaking and discuss its shortcomings in section 3. We then look at why the long high monophthongs are better analysed as diphthongs in section 4 before we look at how these vowels fit into the bigger canvas of the diphthongs in section 5. The next step in sections 6 and 7 takes us to the analysis of breaking as CP happening in jr, wr and jɫ sequences. In section 8 we look at CP undone in the later history of the language and some of the consequences for earlier English that follow from the modern distribution of j/w+r sequences.
Localization of hidden leaks in water supply networks by hydraulic methods
Authors: Bodnar Taras , Makovskyi Yevhenii , Zhuk Volodymyr
Published: November 2024

The hydraulic gradient method is an effective approach for localizing hidden leaks in water supply networks. Relative errors in leakage location depend significantly on head measurement errors, necessitating the use of high-precision pressure gauges with an accuracy class of 0.25 or better. An optimization function, defined as the ratio of the localization relative error to the probability of detection, was used to determine the optimal location for the control section. Dependencies of localization relative error on the pressure gauge accuracy class, section length, and piezometric head are obtained. Presented multi-leakage estimation model enables the assessment of the multi-leakage probability, enhancing decision-making efficiency for emergency repairs in water supply networks.
Optimum Geometry of Double-skin Self-Shading Facade of Classrooms with the Aim of Creating Energy Saving and Visual Comfort in Isfahan Province, Iran
Authors:   Department of Architecture, Advancement in Architecture and Urban Planning Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran, Aghamohammadiha Shirin , Dehghan Narges ,   Department of Architecture, Advancement in Architecture and Urban Planning Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
Published: November 2024

The significant energy consumption in educational spaces worldwide and its environmental impact greatly influence the quality of space, learning levels, and student comfort. Despite offering free school energy costs, developing countries like Iran have not established specific design principles to ensure student comfort. Additionally, the poor design of school building exteriors, such as the common installation of large, unshaded windows in Iranian schools, causes glare issues. The primary objective of this study is to control direct sunlight and increase shading, thereby reducing its impact on energy consumption and enhancing visual comfort. This paper proposes a novel solution that combines a self-shading facade with a double-skin facade for classroom spaces. The study variables, involving the modification of the geometry of the double-skin self-shading facade via DesignBuilder software and the Daysim plugin, were compared to a simple double-layer facade. Based on the results, the optimal scenario for the self-shading double-skin façade with the specifications of a triangular pyramid module shape, ridge position fold 3/2 the module height, cavity depth 7.0, and number of module 2×2 exhibited 40% lower cooling load, 25% lower heating load, and 95% lower lighting load than a simple double-skin facade. At the same time, all scenarios of the new solution provided better visual comfort and daylighting criteria compared to the simple double-skin facade. The modularity and use of indigenous brick materials in the double-skin self-shading facade design reduce construction costs.
All Too Human? Mapping and Mitigating the Risk from Anthropomorphic AI
Authors: Akbulut Canfer , Weidinger Laura , Manzini Arianna , Gabriel Iason , Rieser Verena
Published: November 2024

The development of highly-capable conversational agents, underwritten by large language models, has the potential to shape user interaction with this technology in profound ways, particularly when the technology is anthropomorphic, or appears human-like. Although the effects of anthropomorphic AI are often benign, anthropomorphic design features also create new kinds of risk. For example, users may form emotional connections to human-like AI, creating the risk of infringing on user privacy and autonomy through over-reliance. To better understand the possible pitfalls of anthropomorphic AI systems, we make two contributions: first, we explore anthropomorphic features that have been embedded in interactive systems in the past, and leverage this precedent to highlight the current implications of anthropomorphic design. Second, we propose research directions for informing the ethical design of anthropomorphic AI. In advancing the responsible development of AI, we promote approaches to the ethical foresight, evaluation, and mitigation of harms arising from user interactions with anthropomorphic AI.
Estimating Weights of Reasons Using Metaheuristics: A Hybrid Approach to Machine Ethics
Authors: Alcaraz Benoît , Knoks Aleks , Streit David
Published: November 2024

We present a new approach to representation and acquisition of normative information for machine ethics. It combines an influential philosophical account of the fundamental structure of morality with argumentation theory and machine learning. According to the philosophical account, the deontic status of an action -- whether it is required, forbidden, or permissible -- is determined through the interaction of "normative reasons" of varying strengths or weights. We first provide a formal characterization of this account, by modeling it in (weighted) argumentation graphs. We then use it to model ethical learning: the basic idea is to use a set of cases for which deontic statuses are known to estimate the weights of normative reasons in operation in these cases, and to use these weight estimates to determine the deontic statuses of actions in new cases. The result is an approach that has the advantages of both bottom-up and top-down approaches to machine ethics: normative information is acquired through the interaction with training data, and its meaning is clear. We also report the results of some initial experiments with the model.
Introducing the AI Governance and Regulatory Archive (AGORA): An Analytic Infrastructure for Navigating the Emerging AI Governance Landscape
Authors: Arnold Zachary , Schiff Daniel S. , Schiff Kaylyn Jackson , Love Brian , Melot Jennifer , Singh Neha , Jenkins Lindsay , Lin Ashley , Pilz Konstantin , Enweareazu Ogadinma , Girard Tyler
Published: November 2024

AI-related laws, standards, and norms are emerging rapidly. However, a lack of shared descriptive concepts and monitoring infrastructure undermine efforts to track, understand, and improve AI governance. We introduce AGORA (the AI Governance and Regulatory Archive), a rigorously compiled and enriched dataset of AI-focused laws and policies encompassing diverse jurisdictions, institutions, and contexts related to AI. AGORA is oriented around an original taxonomy describing risks, potential harms, governance strategies, incentives for compliance, and application domains addressed in AI regulatory documents. At launch, AGORA included data on over 330 instruments, with new entries being added continuously. We describe the manual and automated processes through which these data are systematically compiled, screened, annotated, and validated, enabling deep, efficient, and reliable analysis of the emerging AI governance landscape. The dataset, supporting information, and analyses are available through a public web interface (https://agora.eto.tech) and bulk dataset.
Kid-Whisper: Towards Bridging the Performance Gap in Automatic Speech Recognition for Children VS. Adults
Authors: Attia Ahmed Adel , Liu Jing , Ai Wei , Demszky Dorottya , Espy-Wilson Carol
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems, exemplified by Whisper, have demonstrated the potential of these systems to approach human-level performance given sufficient data. However, this progress doesn’t readily extend to ASR for children due to the lim- ited availability of suitable child-specific databases and the distinct characteristics of children’s speech. A recent study investigated leveraging the My Science Tutor (MyST) chil- dren’s speech corpus to enhance Whisper’s performance in recognizing children’s speech. They were able to demon- strate some improvement on a limited testset. This paper builds on these findings by enhancing the utility of the MyST dataset through more efficient data preprocessing. We reduce the Word Error Rate (WER) on the MyST testset 13.93% to 9.11% with Whisper-Small and from 13.23% to 8.61% with Whisper-Medium and show that this improvement can be generalized to unseen datasets. We also highlight important challenges towards improving children’s ASR performance and the effect of fine-tuning in improving the transcription of disfluent speech.
The Origin and Opportunities of Developers’ Perceived Code Accountability in Open Source AI Software Development
Authors: Bartsch Sebastian Clemens , Lother Moritz , Schmidt Jan-Hendrik , Adam Martin , Benlian Alexander
Published: November 2024

Open source (OS) software projects in artificial intelligence (AI), such as TensorFlow and scikit-learn, depend on developers' continuous, voluntary code contributions. However, recent security incidents highlighted substantial risks in such software, requiring examinations of factors motivating developers to continuously contribute high-quality code (i.e., providing secure and reliable code fulfilling its functions). Prior research suggests code accountability (i.e., requirements to explain and justify contributed code) to improve code quality, enforced through external accountability mechanisms such as sanctions and rewards. However, the OS domain often lacks such mechanisms, questioning whether and how code accountability arises in this domain and how it affects code contributions. To address these questions, we conducted 26 semi-structured interviews with developers contributing to OS AI software projects. Our findings reveal that despite the absence of external accountability mechanisms, system-, project-, and individual-related factors evoke developers' perceived code accountability. Notably, we discovered a trade-off as high perceived code accountability is associated with higher code quality but discourages developers from participating in OS AI software projects. Overall, this study contributes to understanding the nuanced roles of perceived code accountability in continuously contributing high-quality code without external accountability mechanisms and highlights the complex trade-offs developers face in OS AI software projects.
Gender in Pixels: Pathways to Non-binary Representation in Computer Vision
Authors: Beretta Elena
Published: November 2024

In the field of Computer Vision (CV), the study of bias, including gender bias, has received a significant area of attention in recent years. However, these studies predominantly operate within a binary, cisnormative framework, often neglecting the complexities of non-binary gender identities. To date, there is no comprehensive analysis of how CV is addressing the mitigation of bias for non-binary individuals or how it seeks solutions that transcend a binary view of gender. This systematic scoping review aims to fill this gap by analyzing over 60 papers that delve into gender biases in CV, with a particular emphasis on non-binary perspectives. Our findings indicate that despite the increasing recognition of gender as a multifaceted and complex construct, practical applications of this understanding in CV remain limited and fragmented. The review critically examines the foundational research critiquing the binarism in CV and explores emerging approaches that challenge and move beyond this limited perspective. We highlight innovative solutions, including algorithmic adaptations and the creation of more inclusive and diverse datasets. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of integrating gender theory into CV practices to develop more accurate and representative models.
Our recommendations advocate for interdisciplinary collaboration, particularly with Gender Studies, to foster a more nuanced understanding of gender in CV. This study serves as a pivotal step towards redefining gender representation in CV, encouraging researchers and practitioners to embrace and incorporate a broader spectrum of gender identities in their work.
Legal Minds, Algorithmic Decisions: How LLMs Apply Constitutional Principles in Complex Scenarios
Authors: Bignotti Camilla , Camassa Carolina
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we conduct an empirical analysis of how large language models (LLMs), specifically GPT-4, interpret constitutional principles in complex decision-making scenarios.
We examine rulings from the Italian Constitutional Court on bioethics issues that involve trade-offs between competing values and compare GPT’s legal arguments on these issues to those presented by the State, the Court, and the applicants.
Our results indicate that GPT consistently aligns more closely with progressive interpretations of the Constitution, often overlooking competing values and mirroring the applicants’ views rather than the more conservative perspectives of the State or the Court’s moderate positions. Our findings raise important questions about the value alignment of LLMs in scenarios where societal values are in conflict, as our experiment demonstrates GPT’s tendency to align with progressive legal interpretations. We thus underscore the importance of testing alignment in real-world scenarios and considering the implications of deploying LLMs in decision-making processes.
Co-designing an AI Impact Assessment Report Template with AI Practitioners and AI Compliance Experts
Authors: Bogucka Edyta , Constantinides Marios , Šćepanović Sanja , Quercia Daniele
Published: November 2024

In the evolving landscape of AI regulation, it is crucial for companies to conduct impact assessments and document their compliance through comprehensive reports. However, current reports lack grounding in regulations and often focus on specific aspects like privacy in relation to AI systems, without addressing the real-world uses of these systems. Moreover, there is no systematic effort to design and evaluate these reports with both AI practitioners and AI compliance experts. To address this gap, we conducted an iterative co-design process with 14 AI practitioners and 6 AI compliance experts and proposed a template for impact assessment reports grounded in the EU AI Act, NIST's AI Risk Management Framework, and ISO 42001 AI Management System. We evaluated the template by producing an impact assessment report for an AI-based meeting companion at a major tech company. A user study with 8 AI practitioners from the same company and 5 AI compliance experts from industry and academia revealed that our template effectively provides necessary information for impact assessments and documents the broad impacts of AI systems. Participants envisioned using the template not only at the pre-deployment stage for compliance but also as a tool to guide the design stage of AI uses.
Foundation Model Transparency Reports
Authors: Bommasani Rishi , Klyman Kevin , Longpre Shayne , Xiong Betty , Kapoor Sayash , Maslej Nestor , Narayanan Arvind , Liang Percy
Published: November 2024

Foundation models are critical digital technologies with sweeping societal impact that necessitates transparency. To codify how foundation model developers should provide transparency about the development and deployment of their models, we propose Foundation Model Transparency Reports, drawing upon the transparency reporting practices in social media. While external documentation of societal harms prompted social media transparency reports, our objective is to institutionalize transparency reporting for foundation models while the industry is still nascent. To design our reports, we identify 6 design principles given the successes and shortcomings of social media transparency reporting. To further schematize our reports, we draw upon the 100 transparency indicators from the Foundation Model Transparency Index. Given these indicators, we measure the extent to which they overlap with the transparency requirements included in six prominent government policies (e.g. the EU AI Act, the US Executive Order on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy AI). Well-designed transparency reports could reduce compliance costs, in part due to overlapping regulatory requirements across different jurisdictions. We encourage foundation model developers to regularly publish transparency reports, building upon recommendations from the G7 and the White House.
Views on AI Aren't Binary — They’re Plural (Extended Abstract)
Authors: Bristow Thorin , Thorburn Luke , Acosta-Navas Diana
Published: November 2024

Recent developments in AI have brought broader attention to tensions between two overlapping communities, “AI Ethics” and “AI Safety.” In this article we (i) characterize this false binary, (ii) argue that a simple binary is not an accurate model of AI discourse, and (iii) provide concrete suggestions for how individuals can help avoid the emergence of us-vs-them conflict in the broad community of people working on AI development and governance. While we focus on “AI Ethics” and “AI Safety,” the general lessons apply to related tensions, including those between accelerationist (“e/acc”) and cautious stances on AI development.
Why Am I Still Seeing This: Measuring the Effectiveness of Ad Controls and Explanations in AI-Mediated Ad Targeting Systems
Authors: Castleman Jane , Korolova Aleksandra
Published: November 2024

Recently, Meta has shifted towards AI-mediated ad targeting mechanisms that do not require advertisers to provide detailed targeting criteria. The shift is likely driven by excitement over AI capabilities as well as the need to address new data privacy policies and targeting changes agreed upon in civil rights settlements. At the same time, in response to growing public concern about the harms of targeted advertising, Meta has touted their ad preference controls as an effective mechanism for users to exert control over the advertising they see. Furthermore, Meta markets their "Why this ad" targeting explanation as a transparency tool that allows users to understand the reasons for seeing particular ads and inform their actions to control what ads they see in the future.

Our study evaluates the effectiveness of Meta's "See less" ad control, as well as the actionability of ad targeting explanations following the shift to AI-mediated targeting. We conduct a large-scale study, randomly assigning participants the intervention of marking "See less" to either Body Weight Control or Parenting topics, and collecting the ads Meta shows to participants and their targeting explanations before and after the intervention. We find that utilizing the "See less" ad control for the topics we study does not significantly reduce the number of ads shown by Meta on these topics, and that the control is less effective for some users whose demographics are correlated with the topic. Furthermore, we find that the majority of ad targeting explanations for local ads made no reference to location-specific targeting criteria, and did not inform users why ads related to the topics they requested to "See less" of continued to be delivered. We hypothesize that the poor effectiveness of controls and lack of actionability and comprehensiveness in explanations are the result of the shift to AI-mediated targeting, for which explainability and transparency tools have not yet been developed by Meta. Our work thus provides evidence for the need of new methods for transparency and user control, suitable and reflective of how the increasingly complex and AI-mediated ad delivery systems operate.
APPRAISE: a Governance Framework for Innovation with Artificial Intelligence Systems
Authors: Dey Diptish , Bhaumik Debarati
Published: November 2024

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems increasingly impact society, the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) is the first legislative attempt to regulate AI systems. This paper proposes a governance framework for organizations innovating with AI systems. Building upon secondary research, the framework aims at driving a balance between four types of pressures that organizations, innovating with AI, experience, and thereby creating responsible value. These pressures encompass AI/technology, normative, value creation, and regulatory aspects. The framework is partially validated through primary research in two phases. In the first phase, a conceptual model is proposed that measures the extent to which organizational tasks result in AIA compliance, using elements from the AIA as mediators and strategic variables such as organization size, extent of outsourcing, and offshoring as moderators. 34 organizations in the Netherlands are surveyed to test the conceptual model. The average actual compliance score of the 34 participants is low, and most participants exaggerate their compliance. Organization size is found to have significant impact on AIA compliance. In phase 2, two case studies are conducted with the purpose of generating in-depth insights to validate the proposed framework. The case studies confirm the interplay of the four pressures on organizations innovating with AI, and furthermore substantiate the governance framework.