bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upaya Pengentasan Kemiskinan Oleh Pemerintah Desa di Desa Traji Kecamatan Parakan Temanggung
Authors: Wijayanti Ratna Sari , Muallidin Isnaini
Published: June 2021

The problem of poverty almost occurs in almost all areas including Traji Village. To alleviate poverty requires proper methods with careful calculations by the village government. The aim is to find out how the efforts of poverty alleviation by the village government in the Traji cultural village, Parakan District, Temanggung. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative which is a research that conducted based on a qualitative paradigm, strategy, and model implementation. The final result of this research is that in the effort to alleviate poverty in the cultural village of Traji, Parakan Subdistrict, Temanggung Regency, there are several problems, such as less than optimal services due to the limited facilities and infrastructure owned by the village, lack of training for village apparatus, and program achievements that are too minimal. thus making poverty alleviation difficult to achieve. However, the village government continues to carry out its duties by seeking various ways to alleviate poverty, such as holding Peken Lepen which can generate 6 million per performance and has a good impact on the village economy. Peken Lepen is a commitment from the village government to the economy of the local community. In addition, the government also involves all communities and government institutions such as the Activity Management Team Village Consultative Body and stakeholders by holding hamlet meetings, which is proof that the government is not the sole authority.
PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN PEKARANGAN DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KREATIFITAS REMAJA MELALUI TEKNIK â€œOSHIBANAâ€
Authors: Susilo Ferdinand , Nasution Jamilah , Rahmiati Rahmiati
Published: June 2021

Oshibana is known as a flower processing technique so that it can produce crafts with a drying method without changing the original color of the flowers. Oshibana technique aims to produce handmade products with raw materials that come from nature, are environmentally friendly and have high selling value. Partners in this community service activity are the youth of Padepokan Igra, Kolam Village, Percut Sei Tuan District, North Sumatra. This activity aims to provide information to partners about the potential of home garden plants to be used as creative products with artistic and economic value and to introduce oshibana techniques. The implementation of the activity is carried out using 2 methods, namely the presentation of material and the delivery of information related to the potential of homegarden plants as raw material for industrial products and the direct practice of making oshibana. Through this community service activity, it is hoped that the youth at the Iqra hermitage can increase their insight and knowledge about the use of waste yard plants as raw material for creative artistic and economic products and can create jobs while supporting eco-green programs and save our earth.
Strategi Komunikasi Politik Affan Alfian Bintang dalam Pandangan Islam untuk Memenangkan Pilkada Kota Subulussalam Tahun 2018
Authors: Siahaan Sabarudin , Samosir Hasrat Efendi , Azhar Anang Anas
Published: June 2021

Pasangan  Affan Alfian Bintang dan Salmaza dalam Pilkada Kota Subulussalam pada 27 Juni 2018 unggul dengan perolehan suara 41,60. Meskipun bukan putra kelahiran Subulussalam dan bukan pula seorang orator yang baik, Affan Alfian Bintang mampu membendung isu etnis dan religiusitas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui strategi komunikasi politik Affan Alfian Bintang dalam memenangkan pilkada 2018. Metode penelitian ini berupa penelitian lapangan dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif yang dilakukan untuk mengungkap peristiwa yang sudah terjadi dengan cara merunut kebelakang. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa kunci dalam memenangkan Pilkada Kota Subulussalam 2018 strategi komunikasi politik Affan Alfian Bintang, mendapati strategi mendekati ulama, mengadakan kampanye berbasis kegiatan keagamaan pada tempat tinggal masyarakat dapat dikunjungi oleh tim sukses Affan Alfian Bintang,  dan pasangan Affan Alfian Bintang pada Pilkada Kota Subulussalam 2018 lebih memilih media konvensional seperti baliho dan spanduk. Kesimpulan bahwa Affan Alfian Bintang dalam memenangkan Pilkada Kota Subulussalam 2018 strategi komunikasi politik Affan Alfian Bintang, mendapati strategi dan upaya pemenangan yang dilakukan yaitu, strategi dalam mendekati ulama, mengadakan kampanye berbasis kegiatan keagamaan pada tempat tinggal masyarakat dapat dikunjungi oleh tim sukses Affan Alfian Bintang, dan pasangan Affan Alfian Bintang pada Pilkada Kota Subulussalam 2018 lebih memilih media konvensional seperti baliho dan spanduk.
Strategi Pengelolaan Komunikasi Corporate Social Responsibility Melalui Program Bukit Mekar PT. PERTAMINA RU II Dumai
Authors: Wirman Welly , Sari Genny Gustina , Pratiwi Indah Kus
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tahapan-tahapan dalam pengelolaan program CSR Pertanian dan Perikanan Bukit Mekar Terpadu.  Menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dan penentuan informan menggunakan teknik purposive. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pertamina RU II Dumai CSR melaksanakan empat tahapan pengelolaan program CSR Bukit Mekar diantaranya: tahap perencanaan program CSR Dumai RU II melakukan social mapping untuk mengetahui wilayah binaan yang membutuhkan program. pendampingan dan pengumpulan permasalahan sosial di wilayah binaan yang meliputi penyuluhan dan pendampingan tentang program yang akan dilaksanakan. Pemantauan program, termasuk pemantauan sistematis yang dilakukan oleh CSR Pertamina RU II Dumai dan pemangku kepentingan terkait. Evaluasi, yang dilakukan untuk kelangsungan program agar terus berjalan dan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas dan pendapatan masyarakat yang dikelola oleh Kelompok Tani. Untuk melihat upaya perusahaan dalam memberikan pendampingan dan penyuluhan kepada Grup Bukit Mekar atas pengelolaan program Pertanian dan Perikanan Bukit Mekar Terpadu, perusahaan berupaya mewujudkan program CSR ini menjadi Ikon Pariwisata Kota Dumai. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa Pertamina RU II Dumai CSR melaksanakan empat tahapan pengelolaan program CSR Bukit Mekar diantaranya: tahap perencanaan program CSR Dumai RU II, pendampingan dan pengumpulan permasalahan sosial di wilayah binaan, Pemantauan program, Evaluasi, yang dilakukan untuk kelangsungan program agar terus berjalan dan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas dan pendapatan masyarakat yang dikelola oleh Kelompok Tani.
Komunikasi Organisasi dalam Proses Pengambilan Keputusan di UPT-PTPH Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Purba Budiman , Hasoloan Aswand , Yasir Amru
Published: June 2021

Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui bagaimana komunikasi   organisasi dalam proses pembuatan keputusan (decision making process) di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Perlindungan   Tanaman Pangan dan Holtikura   (UPT-PTPH) Provinsi  Sumatera  Utara.  Penelitian  ini  menggunakan  metode  pendekatan kualitatif, dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa .Komunikasi membantu proses penyampaian informasi yang diperlukan untuk mengambil keputusan. Proses pengambilan keputusan adalah proses pemilihan alternatif terbaik dari berbagai alternatif yang secara sistematis dipilih sebagai cara untuk menyelesaikan masalah. Penggalian data   dan fakta melalui komunikasi internal dan eksternal   adalah   proses penting untuk menghasilkan keputusan yang dibutuhkan organisasi. Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa pengambil keputusan seyogyanya memiliki informasi lengkap mengenai persoalan yang dihadapi, memiliki alternatif solusi yang jelas, dan hasil yang akan dicapai melalui solusi tersebut dapat diperkirakan. Sebagai sebuah sistem, komunikasi organisasi melibatkan para pimpinan atau atasan dan para karyawan yang saling berinteraksi dan mengadakan komunikasi yang berjenjang yaitu komunikasi dari atasan ke bawah dan komunikasi dari bawahan ke atas atau komunikasi antar bawahan. Komunikasi antara pimpinan dan karyawan berlangsung dengan baik sehingga tercipta hubungan kerja yang harmonis.
New Synonyms Extraction Model Based on a Novel Terms Weighting Scheme
Authors: Ababneh Ahmed , Lu Joan , Xu Qiang
Published: June 2021

The traditional statistical approach in synonyms extraction is time-consuming. It is necessary to develop a new method to improve the efficiency and accuracy. This research presents a new method in synonyms extraction called Noun Based Distinctive Verbs (NBDV) that replaces the traditional tf-idf weighting scheme with a new weighting scheme called the Orbit Weighing Scheme (OWS). The OWS links the nouns to their semantic space by examining the singular verbs in each context. The new method was compared with important models in the field such as the Skip-Gram, the Continuous Bag of Words, and the GloVe model. The NBDV model was manipulated over the Arabic and English languages and the results showed 47% Recall and 51% Precision in the dictionary-based evaluation and 57.5% Precision in the human experts’ evaluation. Comparing with the synonyms extraction based on tf.idf, the NBDV obtained 11% higher recall and 10% higher precision. Regarding the efficiency, we found that on average, the synonyms extraction of a single noun requires the process of 186 verbs and in 63% of the runs; the number of singular verbs was less than 200. It is concluded that the developed method is efficient and processes the single run in linear time.
Environmental assessment of the state of municipal solid waste management in the city of Uman
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Balabak A. V.
Published: June 2021

The study of municipal solid waste management was carried out on the example of the city of Uman, the features of the municipal waste collection were considered. One of the promising utilization methods of the municipal waste organic component is proposed — anaerobic fermentation with subsequent composting of the resulting products. Urban population growth, industrialization, urbanization and economic prosperity lead to an increase in municipal solid waste (MSW). The aim of the work was to consider the characteristics of municipal solid waste management using the example of the city of Uman; inspect the features of collecting municipal waste; consider a separate collection system; identify problems and possible solutions. According to the statistics of Uman city council, 73-75 tons of municipal waste per day are delivered to the landfill. The control is carried out on the composition of the waste entering the landfill. Sorting takes place using a sorting line, which was put into operation in October 2016. Removal of municipal solid waste from the residential sector is carried out according to the schedule. The waste from the private sector of the city is removed during the day. Transportation (transport) of municipal waste is carried out by specially equipped vehicles. On the plots of the private residential sector, the collection of municipal waste is carried out by containerless and container methods. The containerless method is used in those areas of private building, where the possibility of the garbage truck's driving and its maneuvering are limited. Analysis of the current state of municipal solid waste management in the city of Uman showed that the main reasons for the increase in the volume of environmental pollution due to municipal solid waste is the lack of a high-quality management system in the field of MSW management, and especially the outdated waste collection and transportation scheme. The state of MSW management does not meet modern requirements. At the landfill, as a result of the introduction of the technology for the production of biogas from municipal solid waste, it is possible to obtain marketable products — biogas and compost. The city can receive income from the use of biogas as an alternative source of energy for heating buildings or from its consuming by the population. For the city of Uman, the volume of biogas formation at the MSW landfill in 2018 would have amounted to 5,441,280 m3, and in 2019 – 5,424,930 m3.Thus, it is possible to obtain significant volumes of biogas for the production of both heat and electricity. As a result of the study, recommendations were developed to improve the system for collecting municipal waste in the city of Uman. One of the promising utilization methods of the municipal waste organic component in the city of Uman is anaerobic fermentation followed by composting of the resulting products.
Researches of soil fertilization and top dressing in pear orchards (literature review)
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Fedorova T. Yu. , Yakovenko R. V.
Published: June 2021

Biological, meteorological and agro-technical factors have an impact on the nutrition level of fruit and berry crops. To reach high productivity, agricultural crops are to be provided with nutrient substances in a proper form and optimal amount. The addition of important components at critical stages of the plant development gives an impulse to create high and quality yield. Fertilization is aimed at satisfying the feeding needs of the trees in certain soil-climatic conditions; the dose is determined for separate elements according to the peculiarities of a fruit crop, a pomological cultivar, a rootstock and a tree age, also mineral nutrition elements in the soil and the possibility for a fruit crop to use them are taken into consideration. The nutrient requirements of fruit trees vary during the growing season. From the moment of budding to flowering, the need for nitrogen increases, the need for potassium and phosphorus constantly increases during the growing season. Rational mineral fertilization in pear-tree orchards should be based on the results of the soil and leaf analyses as well as on a visual estimation of the growth and fruit bearing of the trees (for example, nitrogen, iron). Unfortunately, it is very common for gardens to be fertilized blindly, without controlling the nutrient content of the soil. Excessive fertilization can both decrease fruit yielding capacity and quality and pollute the environment because of the accumulation of fertilizers in the soil and their washing out into soil and surface waters. The survey of literature sources concerning the effect of soil fertilization and top dressing on the growth and general productivity of pear-tree orchards was made. As a result of the analysis made, it has been established that at present no recommendation as to the application of fertilization in pear-tree orchards is available, because most of them were suggested for apple-tree and pear-tree orchards together. However, there is a difference in mineral nutrition of a pear-tree, in particular those on weak rootstock. Which is why, it is relevant to consider the issue of the development of an optimal fertilization system of intensive pear-tree orchards on a vegetative rootstock
Control of the number of weeds in crops of grain sorghum and their effect on the growth and development of plants
Authors: L. A. Pravdyva
Published: June 2021

In Ukraine, grain sorghum is considered a valuable crop, as it is used in the food industry, in fodder production and in the energy industry, and control of the number of weeds in crops is extremely important. The aim of the research was to establish the influence of methods for controlling the number of weeds on the growth and development of grain sorghum plants in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field — to study the biological, ecological features of growth and devel¬opment of productivity and quality of culture (ob¬servation, obtaining correlations), laboratory — to identify the relationship between plant and the environment (analysis of plants and soil); generalization — to establish the general properties and characteristics of objects; mathematical and statistical — to process experimental data to increase the validity of conclusions. Results. Weed infestation and the use of various methods of controlling the number of weeds influenced the growth and development of plants, namely: in the variant with high infestation, the growing season was the longest – 121–124 days, the plant height was 39–77 cm in the Dnіprovskiy 39 variety, and 72 cm in the Vіnets variety. cm, the number of productive stems was 12.6 pcs/m2 in varieties Dnіprovsky 39 and 12.3 pcs/m2 in varieties Vіnets, leaf surface area 1 plant and plant weight had low indicators as in variety Dnіprovsky 39 (1053.2 cm2 and 973 g/m2) and in varieties Vіnets (1017.3 cm2 and 912 g/m2), other methods of controlling the number of weeds were observed significantly better growth and development of grain sorghum plants. Conclusions. In the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the quantitative and species composition of weeds in crops of grain sorghum was studied. In the crops of grain sorghum, mainly monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous types of weeds prevailed. Their average number was 101.0 pcs/m2, their air-dry weight was 158 g/m2. It was found that the high efficiency of weed control was observed in the variant with manual weeding by almost 97 %, in the variant with the mechanical and chemical methods, the efficiency was from 76 to 79 %. On the variant with biological weediness (control), the amount of weeds increased by almost 10 %.
Grain quality of spring barley depending on the fertilization of plants with mineral nitrogen
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Rassadyna I. Y. , Leonova K. P. , Sadovsky I.S. , Vlasenko S.O.
Published: June 2021

The influence of root feeding on the quality indicators of spring barley grain on podzolized chernozem of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine has been investigated. It has been established that the use of root feeding of spring barley plants with mineral nitrogen simultaneously with an increase in grain yield also contributes to an increase in the quality of feed. At the same time, the crude protein and the amount of sugars increase, and the amount of fiber in the grain decreases. The amount of crude protein in spring barley grain on average for 2018–2020 varied depending on the dose of nitrogen when carrying out root fertilization with nitrogen. In the control without fertilizers, it was 12.9 %, when root feeding of plants with nitrogen at a dose of 20 kg/ha – 13.2 %; 30 kg/ha – 14.5 %; 60 kg/ha – 15.8 %; 90 kg/ha – 15.9 %. At the same time, it is observed that the crude protein in barley grain increases with an increase in the nitrogen dose to 60 kg/ha, and a further increase in the nitrogen dose is not accompanied by an increase in crude protein in barley grain. Simultaneously with an increase in the content of crude protein in the grain of barley, the percentage of fiber in the grain decreases during the root feeding of plants with mineral nitrogen. The percentage of mineral salts in barley grain during root feeding with nitrogen remained at the control level. The amount of sugars increases when using root feeding of spring barley plants with mineral nitrogen. If in the control the sum of sugars was at the level of 5.20 % for the air dry matter of barley grain, then in the variants of root feeding with nitrogen it reached the level of 5.31 ... 5.56 percent. Consequently, an increase in the level of crude protein in barley grain during root feeding with nitrogen was not accompanied by a deterioration in the sugar-protein ratio in feed. This is very important for increasing livestock productivity. The studied method of root feeding of barley plants with mineral nitrogen promoted an increase in protein in barley grain. On the control, 358.9 kg of protein was obtained from 1 hectare of spring barley crops, 533.2 kg of protein per 1 hectare was collected on the root application with nitrogen 60 kg/ha, and 568.5 kg of protein was collected on the version of root feeding with nitrogen 90 kg/ha. per hectare.
Analysis of the parameters of economically valuable traits of camelina sativa for the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine under the conditions of climate change
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Lyubchenko A. I. , Lyubchenko I. O. , Ryabovol L. O. , Ryabovol Ya. S.
Published: June 2021

In the article, on the basis of regression analysis of the data, a forecast of the most important elements of the structure of productivity for the maximum specified yield of camelina sativa in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in conditions of climate change is made. According to the assessment of the correlation relationships between the economically valuable breeding traits of camelina sativa, the studied indicators differ among themselves in terms of the level of interaction. The indicators of seed collection from one plant (r=0.98), the number of pods per plant (r=0.84) and plant safety (r=0.71) have a significant influence on the formation of productivity. The average correlation effect on productivity is the number of seeds per pod (r=0.44), the number of branches per plant (r=0.60), plant height (r=0.37) and the duration of the growing season (r=0.38). The mass of seeds per plant strongly depended on the number of pods per plant (r=0.85), but had an average positive correlation with the number of seeds per pod (r=0.48), the number of branches per plant (r=0.59), plant height (r=0.37), plant safety (r=0.62) and duration of the growing season (r=0.37). There is a weak negative relationship between the number of seeds in a pod and plant height (r=-0.29) and the duration of the growing season (r=-0.18), between the mass of a thousand seeds and the number of pods per plant (r=-0.08). Regression analysis of the entire array of experimental data made it possible to predict the value of the most important elements of the productivity structure for the maximum specified yield. For a maximum yield of 3.0–3.5 t/ha, the weight of seeds per plant should be 2.1–2.4 g, while the plant should form 13.4–15.9 branches, 159.5–182.1 pods and 16.8–19.5 seeds per pod. The mass of a thousand seeds should have 2.34–2.95 g, plant height 90.7–105.8 cm and plant safety at the level of 98.9 %, and the duration of the growing season should be in the range from 103 to 110 days.
Evaluation of varieties (Citrus limon L.) according to economic and biological characteristics
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Balabak A. F. , Polishchuk V. V. , Kozachenko I. V. , Babii V. V.
Published: June 2021

Evaluation of seven introduced genotypes of lemon (CITRUS LIMON L.) of domestic and foreign selection in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Department of Horticulture of Uman NUS) was carried out on the basis of economic and biological characteristics. Their systematic origin was determined and the possibility of using introduced varieties of Citrus Limon L. in the garden and park economy of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine was investigated. The possibility of using introduced representatives of Citrus Limon L is highlighted and studied. in the horticultural economy of the central forest-steppe of Ukraine. Geographical origin has been clarified. The evaluation was carried out on decorative properties and basic economic and biological characteristics. Indicators of rhizogenesis of the studied varieties are carried out and generalized. This year, studies will be conducted on the phenological phases of development, flowering and fruiting of introduced plants, both in general and on the example of individual samples. A brief economic, biological and decorative characteristic of collectible lemon varieties in the conditions of the central forest-steppe of Ukraine is given, which are included in further research on the cultivation and reproduction of promising varieties for further use in gardening. For rooting, cuttings of 10–12cm in size were taken. leaving one pair of leaves on it. Rooting of Lemons was carried out on April 20–25, 2020 at an average daily temperature of 18°C. The soil mixture for rooting consisted of leaf humus, turf soil and sand in a ratio of 2: 1: 1. During rooting in the room where the experiment was conducted, optimal conditions for cuttings were provided, namely: maintaining the air temperature not lower than 25°C and humidity 80–85 %. Digging of rooted cuttings was carried out on September 24-45, 2020. After digging, an analysis of lemon rooting was performed. As a result of the conducted researches the received varietal samples had good development of root system and growth of shoots. During rooting, the cuttings were treated with a gel root-forming agent "Clonex". Plants of the selected varieties will be planted in mid-April, when the average daily air temperature will be 10–12°C so that the plants take root and do not die. In summer, it is planned to monitor the timing and frequency of flowering, the intensity of growth of young shoots, and crown formation.
Symbols of the Alexander Column in the Taras Shevchenko Park in Odess
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, A. O. Kadurina
Published: June 2021

Purpose. The article is devoted to the analysis of the Alexander Column symbolism in the Taras Shevchenko Park in Odessa. Methodology. Field study and bibliographic research, synthesis and analysis, historical method, and method of analogies are used in that work. Results. Achievements and a number of reforms carried out by Emperor Alexander II and his role in the history of the Russian Empire are analyzed. The historical facts, contributing to the creation of the Alexander Park and the Alexander Column, dedicated to the memory of the emperor, on the 10th anniversary of his tragic death, are investigated. The architectural and artistic decoration of the monument has been analyzed in detail and it symbolic meaning has been deciphered. The functional purpose of this object is to preserve the memory and high social status of the personality of Alexander II in history, his place in the royal dynasty. These are personal symbols, such as a medallion with the profile of the sovereign and commemorative inscriptions on marble plaques. These are different types of status symbols: secular (crown, sword, scepter), indicating a high imperial status and continuity of power, and religious (Vladimir Monomakh's hat) – a symbol of God's anointing to power. The symbols of the apotheosis, the transition to the kingdom of heaven, are double-headed eagles with wreaths. The coat of arms of Odessa, surrounded by laurel and oak branches, is a symbol of memory and gratitude of the inhabitants of Odessa. The Alexander Column depicts elements of royal power from different historical periods, with an indication of the continuity and divinity of the imperial power. Scientific novelty. For the first time a study of the symbolism of the Alexander Column in Odessa was carried out in a detailed level. All symbols are correlated in time and reflect the philosophy of the era and the continuity of generations and royal power in the history of the state. Practical significance. The Alexander Column is located today on the main visual axis, the main alley of the Taras Shevchenko Park. Being on a hill, it also acts as a pronounced dominant, attracting the attention of visitors to the park. In addition to the aesthetic and compositional significance, it bears historical and memorial value
Influence of systems of basic tillage and fertilization with the use of by-products on weediness of crops in crop rotation
Authors: Furmanetc M. H. , Furmanetc Y. S. , Markarian V. V.
Published: June 2021

The results of research on the study of the influence of soil processing systems and fertilizer using co-product for sown clogs and the yield of agricultural plants in a short-growing crop rotation are given. The influence of soil processing systems and fertilizer using co-products for sown clogs and the yield of agricultural plants in a short-live crop rotation is investigated. It has been established that on dark gray soil use in crop rotation of unifituted soil treatment systems contributes to an increase in the level of sown clogging (barley of the corn on grain at 1.4–1.6, wheat winter of winter of winter in 1.4–1.8 times) Due to the accumulation of the main amount of weed seeds in the upper soil layer. The system of fertilizer with by-products at the beginning of the vegetation of plants stimulates the germination of weeds. On average, over the years of research, the abundance of weeds in cropping crops at the beginning of vegetation when using unifituted soil treatment systems was 213–362 pcs/m2, dismissal – 94–108 pcs/m2, and before harvesting was noted a decrease in clogging, respectively, 29–57 pcs/m2, 10–13 pcs/m2. The air-dry weight of the weeds of the highest was with surface soil processing using co-product fertilizer (81.3–85.4 g/m2) relatively with dumping soil treatment (21.7–23.3 g/m2). The highest grain grain of wheat winter – 6.91 and 6.50, corn – 11.47 and 11.74, barley of the yarn – 5.37 and 5.13 and the rape of winter – 3.08 and 3.19 t/ha received when Discalled by 20–22 cm and shallow 10–12 cm soil processing system. With a 6–8 cm surface, the yields of crops decreased by 1.45, 3.66, 1.69 and 0.31 t/ha correspond to plants. A significant reason for reducing plant yields in versions with unifituted soil treatment systems served as a clogging factor, because the level here was higher than when the soil processing.
Soil conditions and yield of repeatedly grown apple orchard depending on long-term fertilizer application
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Kopytko P. H. , Yakovenko R. V.
Published: June 2021

The issue of scientifically sound fertilizer application in fruit plantations, which are long-term and re-grown in one place remains insufficiently studied. To solve this problem is possible only in long-term stationary studies, as the impact of different fertilizer systems on changes in soil properties and tree productivity for a long period of their use. The results of researches of long-term fertilizer influence on the main fertility indices of dark gray podzolic heavy loam soil and productivity of repeatedly grown apple trees of Idared varieties on seed and vegetative (M4) rootstocks and Calville snow on seedling rootstock are considered. During the 85-year period of growing the first and second generation of apple trees in the experimental garden, the organic fertilizer (40 t/ha of cattle manure), mineral fertilizer (N120P120K120) and their combination (20 t/ha of manure + N60P60K60) were applied in the old plantation every two years in autumn in plowing in rows at 18–20 cm, and in the new repetition: manure, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as well, and nitrogen fertilizer in half doses annually in spring for cultivation or disk plowing to a depth of 12–15 cm. As a result of research it was found that organic fertilizer better than mineral fertilizers provided the formation of soil fertility (humus and mobile compounds and forms of nutrients, soil reaction) and yield capacity of experimental apple trees, which for all years of fruiting exceeded the total yield of Calville snow and Idared on seedling and vegetative rootstocks, respectively, by 34.8, 27.7 and 23.4 % compared with the yield of the control non-fertilized areas and 16.0, 15.8 and 13.2 % – on those fertilized with N120Р120К120. Similar parameters of soil fertility indicators are formed by the organo-mineral fertilizer system with systematic long-term application of half the norms of organic and mineral fertilizers of manure 20 t/ha together with N60P60K60. However, the mineral system (N120P120K120) significantly less increases the humus content and content of macronutrients available for plant nutrition and does not enrich the soil with trace elements, acidifies the reaction of the soil environment
Prospects of reproduction by green stem cuttings of species and varieties of the genus actinidia lindl. for landscaping in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Pizhyanov V. V.
Published: June 2021

Research focuses on the study of the laws of the passage of the subordinate root formation processes that determine the formation of the woody stem cuttings of the root system and the improvement of agricultural practices of individual varieties of seedlings growing Actinidia kolomikta (Rupr. et Maxim.), Actinidia arguta (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. and Actinidia purpurea Rehd. based on the technology of stem grafting in the agro-climatic conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The object of study : the process of creation of quality planting material Actinidia Lindl., depending on the varieties, characteristics, shoots, shoots and timing of harvesting and grafting concentrations of biologically – active substance KANO (10 % solution of potassium salt of α-naphthalene acetic acid).The subject was: the cultivation of own-rooted seedlings of varieties of Lasunka, Pomarancheva, Kyivska hibrydna, Kyivska krupnoplidna, Purpurna sadova, Sentiabrska, Samoplidna, Fihurna, Don Zhuan (male form). Investigations were carried out in nurseries Uman National University of Horticulture, National Park arboretum «Sofievka» NAS and private enterprise «Brusvyana». Found that the lignified stem cuttings of Actinidia Lindl. varieties have a low regenerative capacity, and their rooting depends on the variety, planting and harvesting dates on the rooting zone of the escape and its metamerically. It is shown that the improvement of the methods of stem grafting varieties of Actinidia Lindl. in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine can be achieved by inducing activity of rizogenenez stem cuttings of biologically – active substance auxin nature KANO with optimum application rate of 10–15 ml/l. Three-node cuttings and quadrangular, harvested from the basal part of the shoot, the processing KANO aqueous solution at a concentration of 10-15 ml/l , rooted, depending on the variety, within 89,–94,2 %, which is 40,2–44, 2 % higher than the control experiment embodiment. The selection and cultivation of varieties of blueberry seedlings in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine is one of the important aspects of fruit growing. Their limited distribution mated with insufficient study of the biological characteristics of effective methods of cultivation and breeding. Therefore, improvement of agronomic measure accelerated reproduction of stem cuttings has theoretical and practical importance.
Selection value of new spring triticale varieties
Authors:   Uman national university of horticulture, Liubych V. V.
Published: June 2021

Aim. To study the selection value of new spring triticale varieties according to the main economic and valuable properties (duration of the growing season, plant height, lodging resistance, resistance to diseases, tillering coefficient, grain weight from one ear, grain yield). Methods. Laboratory, mathematical and statistical, physical. Results. The duration of the growing season of spring triticale was longer compared to wheat. Thus, it was the longest in 2015–122 days, in 2014–112, and in 2013–102 days or 3–9 days more compared to wheat, except for 2014 in which the duration of the growing season of spring wheat was 117 days. This figure did not change depending on the variety of spring triticale over the years of research. The shorter growing season of spring triticale in 2013 was apparently due to the later sowing period. On average, over three years of research, the height of spring triticale plants varied from 99 to 105 cm depending on the variety. Triticale spring exceeded soft spring wheat by 2–8 %. However, Heritage durum wheat plants were the highest. This figure has changed significantly over the years of research. Thus, the highest plants were in the favourable 2014 – 108–129 cm, the shortest in the less favourable 2013 – 85–92 cm, and in 2015 – 100–106 cm. Spring triticale plants had the highest resistance to pathogens of leaf spot in 2015. In 2014, the intensity of their defeat was at the level of 4.0–4.5% with the resistance of 9 points. Triticale spring significantly exceeded the plants of both types of wheat in this respect. On the average for three years of researches, the coefficient of general spring triticale tillering made 1.56–1.65 depending on the variety. This indicator was at the level of durum wheat and 9–14 % lower than that of soft wheat. The productive tillering coefficient was 10–15 % lower than that of soft wheat. Of the five varieties of spring triticale, the highest grain yield was obtained for the cultivation of Kharkiv Oberih variety – 6.12 t/ha. Yields of Kharkiv Lebid, Kharkiv Sontsedar and Kharkiv Korovai varieties were 18–22 % higher compared to soft wheat and 7–11 % higher than durum wheat. Conclusions. Indicators of growth and development of spring triticale plants and grain yield change significantly depending on the variety and weather conditions of the growing season. The duration of the growing seasom of spring triticale is 102–122 days. Plants can be medium and very tall, lodging resistance varies from 5 to 9 points. Triticale spring has a very high resistance to main fungal diseases. Grain yield is 4.93–6.12 t/ha depending on the genotype. To obtain a high and stable grain yield, it is necessary to grow Kharkiv Korovai and Kharkiv Oberih spring triticale varieties.
Why the finest of Russians did not condemn the anti-Jewish pogroms
Authors: Rebel G. M.
Published: June 2021

The article considers the plight of the ‘Jewish tribe' in imperial Russia in the context of the historical events of 1881 and 1882 as perceived and acted on by Ivan Turgenev. Based on copious documentary evidence, this study offers an answer to the question of why one of the most compassionate and cultured of Russian intellectuals did not condemn the pogroms. The author analyses the political situation in the wake of the assassination of Tsar Alexander II and describes the persistent but fruitless efforts by Turgenev and his followers to convince the new regime of the importance of continuing with the reforms. Also presented are documents confirming Turgenev's interest in the Jewish problem of the years 1881-1882 and the reasons why, despite his sympathy for victims of the pogroms, Turgenev never denounced the mob violence. Lastly, the article examines Turgenev's routine of ‘small actions,' when the writer provided active and effective support to vast numbers of people, including those directly impacted by the events of 1881. The article debunks the myths about Turgenev's apolitical stance and his siding with the official ideology and policy on ethnic issues.
The only life worth living for a critic
Authors: Novikov V. I.
Published: June 2021

The essay by the writer and critic V. Novikov celebrates the memory of the literary critic Lev Anninsky (1934-2019). Remembering Anninsky's personal qualities (his constant zeal and energy, his fastidiousness and perfectionism as an editor of the journal Druzhba Narodov, his conscientiousness when interacting with the authors of the journal), Novikov also dwells on his method as a critic, the so-called ‘Anninsky's loop': an energetic intro, an escalating culmination, and a paradoxical twist in the end, which shows Anninsky's mastery of composition as well as the language. According to Novikov, Anninsky had been a proponent of deconstruction before this idea became ubiquitous: he would become the writer and co-author of the reviewed piece, and a creator of the critical dialogue. Novikov believes that it is this ability to conduct a dialogue unmarred by grievances or humiliating verdicts that a contemporary critic could learn from Anninsky.
The Little Golden Calf [Zolotoy telyonok] and crime reports of the late 1920s
Authors: Andreev G. L.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses possible inspiration behind I. Ilf and E. Petrov's novel The Little Golden Calf [Zolotoy telyonok] (1931): newspaper crime reports appearing in the late 1920s. The author points out parallels between the book's characters (Ostap Bender, Shura Balaganov, and Aleksandr Ivanovich Koreyko) and the real heroes of crime news. The article describes the adventures of an Aleksandr Serbin, who crossed the USSR from Odessa to Vladivostok alternately posing as a Brazilian industrial worker and a son of the Brazilian consul in China. All the while, Serbin seems to have been closely imitating the novel's plotline of the Lieutenant Schmidt's children. He enjoys free accommodation in hotels and receives payments from various local Soviet authorities. Interestingly, Serbin chronicles his adventures in letters to his girlfriend, thus immediately evoking another literary character — Khlestakov in Gogol's The Government Inspector [Revizor]. The article also draws analogies between crimes that took place in the Crimea in 1928 and the wealth accumulation schemes adopted by yet another of the book's characters, Koreyko.
Matyash, S. (2017). Enjambement in Russian poetry (essays on theory and history). St. Petersburg: RGPU im. A. I. Gertsena. (In Russ.)
Authors: Stepanov A. G.
Published: June 2021

S. Matyash's book is preceded by years of research. The author appears equally interested in individual examples of poetics and in typology. Findings concerning the function performed by enjambement in works of a particular poet are accompanied by definition of its structure and are considered in the context of the principles guiding the use of enjambement in a given historical period. In her definition of enjambements Matyash relies on gradation of the density of syntactic relations, a rule proposed by M. Gasparov and T. Skulachyova, and later M. Shapir, and suggests the use of this rule to avoid inaccurate definitions of enjambements and to discover new ways of their classification. Despite O. Fedotov's argument that syntactic relations should be considered jointly with metrical ones due to their mutually complimentary nature, the system used by S. Matyash to define enjambements can be viewed as an achievement in the fields of prosody and poetics.
Muravyov, V. (2020). Swift's way. Moscow: Rudomino. (In Russ.)
Authors: Shaytanov I. O.
Published: June 2021

The book is a collection of two texts separately brought out half a century ago: one on Jonathan Swift (1968), the other on his famous novel Gulliver's Travels (1972). If on the first publication they attracted attention it was thanks both to the hero, presented as a satirist and political journalist, and the author Vladimir Muravyov (1939-2001), who enjoyed a reputation among Moscow intelligentsia as a dissident intellectual whose taste in poetry was appreciated by Anna Akhmatova. The texts in a new book are identical to those published in the Soviet time. Muravyov must have mastered stylistic inventiveness of his hero — to speak in a manner quite direct and at the same time elusive. He wanted to tell a life story of the writer whom he had chosen as one of his literary guides and whose lifelong battle on the side of the Reason must have looked too archaic, and therefore safe, to the Soviet censor but quite actual to the penetrating eyes of the audience.
Metapneumovirus infection of poultry: development of sovereign method of diagnosis and epizootological monitoring in poultry farms of Ukraine
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Tsinoviy O.V. , Nalyvayko L.I. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: June 2021

The main biological (cultural) properties of field isolates of metapneumovirus (MPV) were studied, normal and hyperimmune sera to metapneumovirus for IHR-diagnosticum (erythrocyte diagnosticum based on indirect hemagglutination reaction) were obtained, and a set of M-component components was developed. A diagnostic system of IHR (indirect hemagglutination reaction) was developed, with the help of which epizootological monitoring was carried out in poultry farms and the spread of a new infectious disease of poultry (metapneumovirus infection) among turkeys and chickens in poultry farms of Ukraine was studied. The purpose of the research is to develop a domestic diagnostic test system (erythrocyte diagnosticum for IHR) for metapneumovirus infection (MPVI) or infectious avian rhinotracheitis (IRT). As a result of the conducted researches metapneumovirus infection or infectious rhinotracheitis was established in poultry farms of 4 regions of Ukraine. The pathogen was isolated, its molecular-biological properties were studied by PCR (polymerase chain reaction), and it was established that it belongs to the genus Metapneumovirus (MPV), subtype B. The results of the epidemiological monitoring indicate that the developed erythrocyte MPV (IRT) antigen based on IHR is sensitive and specific and can be used to control the spread of metapneumovirus infection and the intensity of immunity in birds vaccinated against this disease. The production inspection in poultry farms in the western regions of Ukraine established the possibility of using IHR-diagnosticum for control of MPVI. As a result of the performed work the new domestic method of diagnostics, forecasting and protection of poultry against a metapneumovirus infection is offered. Prospects for further research are to use this erythrocyte diagnosticum based on the indirect hemagglutination reaction to monitor metapneumovirus infection of birds in poultry farms in Ukraine and determine the epizootic situation for this disease.
Biosafety analysis in incubators of industrial poultry enterprises
Authors:   Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Fedorchenko A.M. , Nedosekov V.V. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: June 2021

The movement to ensure Ukraine's integration into the EU is a modern direction of the current state reform. A positive reflection of this process is the official adoption of a number of legislative documents in accordance with international requirements, the standards of which regulate the production of safe and quality products, including poultry. Thus, the implementation of the necessary HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) requirements for product safety and quality at the level of European standards was able to introduce in the country only a small number of large enterprises in the poultry industry. Most medium and small poultry farms in Ukraine have not implemented the requirements of the HACCP standard and international ISO quality standards, which limited their ability to control product safety in accordance with international requirements and became an obstacle to selling their products in foreign markets. A positive and necessary point of implementation of the European biosafety requirements of the HACCP principles is the expanded possibility in carrying out effective and detailed control of safety and quality indicators of food products in the poultry industry. This control should be established by clearly defined components that are interconnected in interconnected technological processes. Such components in poultry hatcheries are: a detailed analysis of critical control points of hazards of each stage of the production process; use of components and raw materials in general; application of timely monitoring, preventive anti-epizootic and corrective measures to prevent danger at all production sites of poultry hatcheries. Thanks to the constant control of all critical control points of dangers in poultry hatcheries, it is possible to achieve the production of safe and high-quality products obtained from healthy poultry in the poultry industry.