bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NHS funding for dental undergraduate human disease teaching in the UK: a 20-year review
Authors: Atkin Philip A. , Jones Benjamin A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction This study identifies funding of NHS services supporting dental students' teaching over the last 20 years, focusing on human disease (HD) teaching.

Aims To identify NHS funding for education in UK dental schools following publication of the 1997 General Dental Council curriculum introducing specific funding for HD teaching and the years 2015/16 to 2019/20.

Material and methods Searches of the medical literature, grey literature (government and regulatory authority reports, legislative articles) and freedom of information requests to hospitals helping to deliver teaching.

Results There are few publications describing current funding of dental undergraduate teaching. Freedom of information requests gave data for NHS hospital allocations for teaching both clinical dentistry and HD. HD funding has dropped by £2 million in five years.

Conclusions NHS Trusts linked to dental schools receive monies to deliver teaching and offset costs of accommodating students. Tracking these funds over 20 years has seen some schools lose up to £1 million of HD funding and some lose it all. Greater transparency regarding funding for HD delivery would help improve teaching. Increasing numbers of older patients, with a greater chronic disease burden who are retaining teeth into later life, need graduating dentists with good medical knowledge to deliver safe care.
A representation-independent electronic charge density database for crystalline materials
Authors: Shen Jimmy-Xuan , Munro Jason M. , Horton Matthew K. , Huck Patrick , Dwaraknath Shyam , Persson Kristin A.
Published: October 2022

In addition to being the core quantity in density-functional theory, the charge density can be used in many tertiary analyses in materials sciences from bonding to assigning charge to specific atoms. The charge density is data-rich since it contains information about all the electrons in the system. With the increasing prevalence of machine-learning tools in materials sciences, a data-rich object like the charge density can be utilized in a wide range of applications. The database presented here provides a modern and user-friendly interface for a large and continuously updated collection of charge densities as part of the Materials Project. In addition to the charge density data, we provide the theory and code for changing the representation of the charge density which should enable more advanced machine-learning studies for the broader community.
Tracking blobs in the turbulent edge plasma of a tokamak fusion device
Authors: Han Woonghee , Pietersen Randall A. , Villamor-Lora Rafael , Beveridge Matthew , Offeddu Nicola , Golfinopoulos Theodore , Theiler Christian , Terry James L. , Marmar Earl S. , Drori Iddo
Published: October 2022

The analysis of turbulence in plasmas is fundamental in fusion research. Despite extensive progress in theoretical modeling in the past 15 years, we still lack a complete and consistent understanding of turbulence in magnetic confinement devices, such as tokamaks. Experimental studies are challenging due to the diverse processes that drive the high-speed dynamics of turbulent phenomena. This work presents a novel application of motion tracking to identify and track turbulent filaments in fusion plasmas, called blobs, in a high-frequency video obtained from Gas Puff Imaging diagnostics. We compare four baseline methods (RAFT, Mask R-CNN, GMA, and Flow Walk) trained on synthetic data and then test on synthetic and real-world data obtained from plasmas in the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV). The blob regime identified from an analysis of blob trajectories agrees with state-of-the-art conditional averaging methods for each of the baseline methods employed, giving confidence in the accuracy of these techniques. By making a dataset and benchmark publicly available, we aim to lower the entry barrier to tokamak plasma research, thereby greatly broadening the community of scientists and engineers who might apply their talents to this endeavor.
Identification of volatile organic compounds related to the eating quality of cooked japonica rice
Authors: Lee Yoon Kyung , Jang Su , Koh Hee-Jong
Published: October 2022

Eating quality (EQ) of rice has a complex nature composed of physicochemical properties. Nevertheless, breeding programs evaluating EQ through sensory test or taste-evaluation instruments have been laborious, time-consuming and inefficient. EQ is affected by both taste and aroma. However, in actual breeding programs, aroma of cooked rice has been considered the least due to lack of information. Here we identified a total of 41 volatile compounds potentially affecting the EQ of non-aromatic, cooked japonica rice, identified by GC–MS, sensory panel test, and Toyo taste-meter analyses. Partial least squares discriminant analysis demonstrated an outstanding classification effect of the identified volatile compounds on eating-quality discrimination. Several volatile compounds related to lipid oxidation and fatty acid degradation were identified to affect the EQ in japonica rice. Of them, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene, 2,6,11-trimethyldodecane, 3-ethyloctane, 2,7,10-trimethyldodecane, methyl salicylate, 2-octanone, and heptanal were selected as important compounds. The discriminant model for the classification of the quality of cultivars was robust and accurate, an r-squared value was 0.91, a q squared value was 0.85, and an accuracy was 1.0. Overall, the results of this study characterize EQ of rice cultivars based on volatile compounds, suggesting the application of metabolite profiling data for rice breeding of high eating quality.
Handedness did not affect motor skill acquisition by the dominant hand or interlimb transfer to the non-dominant hand regardless of task complexity level
Authors: Négyesi János , Négyesi Péter , Hortobágyi Tibor , Sun Sai , Kusuyama Joji , Kiss Rita M. , Nagatomi Ryoichi
Published: October 2022

Patients undergoing unilateral orthopedic or neurological rehabilitation have different levels of impairments in the right- or left-dominant hand. However, how handedness and the complexity of the motor task affect motor skill acquisition and its interlimb transfer remains unknown. In the present study, participants performed finger key presses on a numeric keypad at 4 levels of sequence complexities with each hand in a randomized order. Furthermore, they also performed motor sequence practice with the dominant hand to determine its effect on accuracy, reaction time, and movement time. The NASA-TLX at the end of each block of both testing and practice was used to confirm participants’ mental workload related to sequence complexity. Both right- and left-handed participants performed the motor sequence task with faster RT when using their right hand. Although participants had increasing RT with increasing sequence complexity, this association was unrelated to handedness. Motor sequence practice produced motor skill acquisition and interlimb transfer indicated by a decreased RT, however, these changes were independent of handedness. Higher sequence complexity was still associated with longer RT after the practice, moreover, both right- and left-handed participants’ RT increased with the same magnitude with the increase in sequence complexity. Similar behavioral pattern was observed in MT as in RT. Overall, our RT results may indicate left-hemisphere specialization for motor sequencing tasks, however, neuroimaging studies are needed to support these findings. On the other hand, handedness did not affect motor skill acquisition by the dominant hand or interlimb transfer to the non-dominant hand regardless of task complexity level.
Reduced motor planning underlying inhibition of prepotent responses in children with ADHD
Authors: Valori Irene , Della Longa Letizia , Angeli Alessia , Marfia Gustavo , Farroni Teresa
Published: October 2022

To flexibly regulate their behavior, children’s ability to inhibit prepotent responses arises from cognitive and motor mechanisms that have an intertwined developmental trajectory. Subtle differences in planning and control can contribute to impulsive behaviors, which are common in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and difficult to be assessed and trained. We adapted a Go/No-Go task and employed a portable, low-cost kinematic sensor to explore the different strategies used by children with ADHD or typical development to provide a prepotent response (dominant condition) or inhibit the prepotent and select an alternative one (non-dominant condition). Although no group difference emerged on accuracy levels, the kinematic analysis of correct responses revealed that, unlike neurotypical children, those with ADHD did not show increased motor planning in non-dominant compared to dominant trials. Future studies should investigate whether motor control could help children with ADHD compensate for planning difficulties. This strategy might make inhibition harder in naturalistic situations that involve complex actions. Combining cognitive and kinematic measures is a potential innovative method for assessment and intervention of subtle differences in executive processes such as inhibition, going deeper than is possible based on accuracy outcomes alone.
No-vaxxers are different in public good games
Authors: Basili Marcello , Muscillo Alessio , Pin Paolo
Published: October 2022

In September 2021 we conducted a survey to 1482 people in Italy, when the vaccination campaign against Covid19 was going on. In the first part of the survey we run three simple tests on players’ behavior in standard tasks with monetary incentives to measure their risk attitudes, willingness to contribute to a public good in an experimental game, and their beliefs about others’ behavior. In the second part, we asked respondents if they were vaccinated and, if not, for what reason. We classified as no-vaxxers those (around $$12\%$$

12
%

of the sample) who did not yet start the vaccination process and declared that they intended not to do it in the future. We find that no-vaxxers contribute less to the public good in the experimental game because they trust others less to do so. from the three tests we extrapolated a classification based on the benchmark of rationality and other-regarding preferences for each respondent, and we found that in this respect no-vaxxers do not differ from the rest of the population.
De novo assembly and characterization of the draft genome of the cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Authors: Savadi Siddanna , Muralidhara B. M. , Godwin Jeffrey , Adiga J. D. , Mohana G. S. , Eradasappa E. , Shamsudheen M. , Karun Anitha
Published: October 2022

Cashew is the second most important tree nut crop in the global market. Cashew is a diploid and heterozygous species closely related to the mango and pistachio. Its improvement by conventional breeding is slow due to the long juvenile phase. Despite the economic importance, very little genomics/transcriptomics information is available for cashew. In this study, the Oxford nanopore reads and Illumina reads were used for de novo assembly of the cashew genome. The hybrid assembly yielded a 356.6 Mb genome corresponding to 85% of the estimated genome size (419 Mb). The BUSCO analysis showed 91.8% of genome completeness. Transcriptome mapping showed 92.75% transcripts aligned with the assembled genome. Gene predictions resulted in the identification of 31,263 genes coding for a total of 35,000 gene isoforms. About 46% (165 Mb) of the cashew genome comprised of repetitive sequences. Phylogenetic analyses of the cashew with nine species showed that it was closely related to Mangifera indica. Analysis of cashew genome revealed 3104 putative R-genes. The first draft assembly of the genome, transcriptome and R gene information generated in this study would be the foundation for understanding the molecular basis of economic traits and genomics-assisted breeding in cashew.
Real-time monitoring of the dynamics and interactions of bacteria and the early-stage formation of biofilms
Authors: Giorgi Francesco , Curran Judith M. , Patterson Eann A.
Published: October 2022

Bacterial biofilms are complex colonies of bacteria adhered to a static surface and/or one to another. Bacterial biofilms exhibit high resistance to antimicrobial agents and can cause life-threatening nosocomial infections. Despite the effort of the scientific community investigating the formation and growth of bacterial biofilms, the preliminary interaction of bacteria with a surface and the subsequent early-stage formation of biofilms is still unclear. In this study, we present real-time, label-free monitoring of the interaction of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria with untreated glass control surfaces and surfaces treated with benzalkonium chloride, a chemical compound known for its antimicrobial properties. The proof of principle investigation has been performed in a standard inverted optical microscope exploiting the optical phenomenon of caustics as a tool for monitoring bacterial diffusion and early adhesion and associated viability. The enhanced resolving power of the optical set-up allowed the monitoring and characterization of the dynamics of the bacteria, which provided evidence for the relationship between bacterial adhesion dynamics and viability, as well as the ability to form a biofilm. Viable bacteria adhered to the surface exhibited noticeable sliding or rotary dynamics while bacteria killed by surface contact remained static once adhered to the surface. This difference in dynamics allowed the early detection of biofilm formation and offers the potential to quantify the efficiency of antimicrobial surfaces and coatings.
Copper sulfide and zinc oxide hybrid nanocomposite for wastewater decontamination of pharmaceuticals and pesticides
Authors: Mohammed Reem , Ali Mohamed Eid M. , Gomaa Ehsan , Mohsen Mona
Published: October 2022

In this work, hybrid nanocomposites of CuS QDs @ ZnO photocatalysts are fabricated through a facile microwave-assisted (MW) hydrothermal method as a green preparation process. The prepared photocatalysts (PCs) are employed under simulated sunlight (SL) for the degradation of ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, ibuprofen pharmaceuticals, methylene blue dye, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) pesticide. The prepared photocatalysts are characterized in detail using several compositional, optical, and morphological techniques. The influence of the CuS (QDs) wt. % on morphological, structural, as well as photocatalytic degradation efficiency have been investigated. The small displacement between the (107) plane of CuS and the (102) plane of ZnO can confirmed the existence of lattice interaction, implying the formation of p-n heterojunctions. TEM and XRD results demonstrated that the CuS QDs are established and uniformly decorated on the surface of ZnO NRs, confirming the forming of an efficient CuS QDs @ ZnO heterojunction nanostructures. The CuS QDs @ ZnO hybrid nanocomposites showed enhancement in crystallinity, light absorption, surface area, separation of e–h pair and inhibition in their recombination at an interfacial heterojunction. In addition it is found that, 3 wt% CuS QDs @ ZnO has the foremost influence. The results showed improvement of photocatalytic activity of the 3% CuS QDs @ ZnO hybrid nanocomposite as compared to the bare ZnO nanorods. The impressive photocatalytic performance of CuS @ ZnO heterostructure nanorods may be attributed to efficient charge transfer. The prepared CuS QDs @ ZnO hybrid nanocomposites exhibited 100% removal for MB dye, after 45 min, and after 60 min for ibuprofen, ciprofloxacin pharmaceuticals, and 2.4.5 trichloro phenoxy acetic acid pesticide with the catalyst amount of 0.2 g/L. Although 100% removal of ceftriaxone pharmaceutical acheived after 90 min. In addition CuS QDs @ ZnO hybrid nanocomposites exhibited complete removal of COD for ibuprofen, ceftriaxone pharmaceuticals and 2.4.5 trichloro phenoxy acetic acid pesticide after 2 h with no selectivity. Briefly, 3% CuS QDs@ZnO hybrid nanocomposites can be considered as promising photoactive materials under simulated sunlight for wastewater decontamination.
The effect of postmenopausal hormonal drop on optic nerve head and peripapillary perfusion using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)
Authors: Fathy Mahmoud , Noureldine Alia , Elmofty Hala M. , Tolba Doaa Ahmad
Published: October 2022

We studied the effect of menopause with subsequent estrogen drop on optic nerve head structure and peripapillary vasculature. This cross-sectional analytic study was carried out on 100 eyes of 100 patients; patients were divided into a premenopausal group (50 eyes) and a postmenopausal group (50 eyes). Optical coherence tomography was done to evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to assess the peripapillary capillary vessel density. RNFLT as well as the peripapillary vessel density (VD) were significantly lower in the postmenopausal group (P value < 0.001) with increasing age, hormonal drop, and higher intraocular pressure (IOP), specifically in the inferior quadrant. However, the negative correlation between IOP and VD (r = − 0.541) was stronger than its negative correlation with RNFLT (r = − 0.318). Postmenopausal hormonal changes lead to a significant rise in IOP-although still not glaucomatous- and a decrease in the RNFLT and perfusion of the optic nerve. This confirms the relation between hormonal drop and glaucoma in postmenopausal women. Changes in peripapillary vascular density were more evident than RNFL in correlation with IOP and age changes. So, OCTA can be used to detect early optic nerve affection.
Blood flow restriction accelerates aerobic training-induced adaptation of $$ {\dot{\text{V}}}{\text{O}}_{2} $$ kinetics at the onset of moderate-intensity exercise
Authors: Hori Amane , Saito Ryuji , Suijo Kenichi , Kushnick Michael R. , Hasegawa Daisuke , Ishida Koji , Hotta Norio
Published: October 2022

It is unclear whether blood flow restriction (BFR) accelerates the adaptation of the time constant (τ) of phase II oxygen uptake ($$ {\dot{\text{V}}}{\text{O}}_{2} $$V˙O2) kinetics in the moderate-intensity exercise domain via moderate-intensity aerobic training. Therefore, healthy participants underwent moderate-intensity [45–60%$$ {\dot{\text{V}}}{\text{O}}_{2} $$V˙O2Reserve] aerobic cycle training with or without BFR (BFR group, n = 9; CON group, n = 9) for 8 weeks to evaluate$$ {\dot{\text{V}}}{\text{O}}_{2} $$V˙O2kinetics during moderate-intensity cycle exercise before (Pre) and after 4 (Mid) and 8 (Post) weeks of training. Both groups trained for 30 min, 3 days weekly. BFR was performed for 5 min every 10 min by applying cuffs to the upper thighs. The τ significantly decreased by Mid in the BFR group (23.7 ± 2.9 s [Pre], 15.3 ± 1.8 s [Mid], 15.5 ± 1.4 s [Post],P < 0.01) and by Post in the CON group (27.5 ± 2.0 s [Pre], 22.1 ± 0.7 s [Mid], 18.5 ± 1.9 s [Post],P < 0.01). Notably, the BFR group’s τ was significantly lower than that of the CON group at Mid (P < 0.01) but not at Post. In conclusion, BFR accelerates the adaptation of the$$ {\dot{\text{V}}}{\text{O}}_{2} $$V˙O2kinetics of phase II by moderate-intensity aerobic training.
The development of an automated machine learning pipeline for the detection of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Chedid Nicholas , Tabbal Judie , Kabbara Aya , Allouch Sahar , Hassan Mahmoud
Published: October 2022

Although Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent form of dementia, there are no treatments capable of slowing disease progression. A lack of reliable disease endpoints and/or biomarkers contributes in part to the absence of effective therapies. Using machine learning to analyze EEG offers a possible solution to overcome many of the limitations of current diagnostic modalities. Here we develop a logistic regression model with an accuracy of 81% that addresses many of the shortcomings of previous works. To our knowledge, no other study has been able to solve the following problems simultaneously: (1) a lack of automation and unbiased removal of artifacts, (2) a dependence on a high level of expertise in data pre-processing and ML for non-automated processes, (3) the need for very large sample sizes and accurate EEG source localization using high density systems, (4) and a reliance on black box ML approaches such as deep neural nets with unexplainable feature selection. This study presents a proof-of-concept for an automated and scalable technology that could potentially be used to diagnose AD in clinical settings as an adjunct to conventional neuropsychological testing, thus enhancing efficiency, reproducibility, and practicality of AD diagnosis.
COVID-19: years of life lost (YLL) and saved (YLS) as an expression of the role of vaccination
Authors: Hulíková Tesárková Klára , Dzúrová Dagmar
Published: October 2022

When evaluating vaccine efficacy, the conventional measures include reduction of risk of hospitalization and death. The number of patients dying with or without vaccination is often in the public spotlight. However, when evaluating public health interventions or the burden of disease, it is more illustrative to use mortality metrics taking into account also prematurity of the deaths, such as years of life lost (YLL) or years of life saved (YLS) thanks to the vaccination. We develop this approach for evaluation of the difference in YLL and YLS between COVID-19 victims with or without completed vaccination in the autumn pandemic wave (2021, October–December) in Czechia. For the analysis, individual data about all COVID-19 deaths in the country (N = 5797, during the studied period) was used. While 40.6% of the deaths are in cohorts with completed vaccination, this corresponds to 35.1% of years of life lost. The role of vaccination is expressed using YLS and hypothetical numbers of deaths. The registered number of deaths is approximately 3.5 times lower than it would be expected without vaccination. The results illustrate that vaccination is more effective in saving lives than suggested by simplistic comparisons.
Characteristics of circulating adaptive immune cells in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Longyi , Chen Xuya , Zu Shujin , Lu Yan
Published: October 2022

Adaptive immune cells prevent solid tumor progression by targeting and killing tumor cells. However, there are no comprehensive studies on peripheral circulating adaptive immune cell characterization in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients or the effect of tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages on these cells. In this study, the number, phenotype, and function of different subsets of circulating adaptive immune cells in peripheral blood of CRC patients were analyzed. We found remarkable differences in CRC patients compared with those in healthy controls, including reduced absolute counts of total T cells, helper T lymphocytes (Th), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc), and double-negative T lymphocytes, a decreased proportion of INF-γ+ cells in total T cells and Th, and increased percentages of B cells, plasmablasts, and activated T cells. Compared with early-stage CRC patients, advanced-stage CRC patients showed more severe immunosenescence, which manifested as decreased proportions of CD8+ naive T cells with strong proliferative ability and CD8+ central memory T cells with immune surveillance function. Proportions and absolute counts of CD8+ and CD4+ terminally differentiated effector memory T cells were increased, indicating immunosenescence. The immune cell characteristics analyzed in this study serve as a starting point for further research to determine potential clinical implications.
Concluding remarks: Challenges and future developments in biological electron cryo-microscopy
Authors: Kühlbrandt Werner
Published: October 2022

CryoEM has made amazing progress during the past 10 years and is in a process of rapid transformation. This year’s Faraday Discussions examined some of the remaining challenges.
Frequency-dependent stimulated and post-stimulated voltage control of magnetism in transition metal nitrides: towards brain-inspired magneto-ionics
Authors: Tan Zhengwei , de Rojas Julius , Martins Sofia , Lopeandia Aitor , Quintana Alberto , Cialone Matteo , Herrero-Martín Javier , Meersschaut Johan , Vantomme André , Costa-Krämer José L. , Sort Jordi , Menéndez Enric
Published: October 2022

A voltage-controllable N ion accumulation effect at the outer surface of CoN films, enabling ‘post-stimulated’ learning or forgetting under deep sleep (once voltage stimuli are off), is demonstrated, triggering the development of synapse emulation.
Consecutive 2-azidoallylation/click cycloaddition of active methylene for synthesis of functionalized hepta-1,6-dienes with a bis-1,2,3-triazole scaffold
Authors: Liu Zhenhua , Chen Huimin , Gan Xingxing , Wang Lianxiao , Lin Ping , Li Jiayi , Huang Xiuxiu , Tian Rongbiao , Liu Xuan , Gao Wen , Tang Bo
Published: October 2022

A tandem 2-azidoallylation/click cycloaddition reaction to access novel hepta-1,6-diene skelecton can be successfully accomplished with methylene compounds, phenolic substituted vinyl azide and alkynes in one pot.
Direct glass-to-glass bonding obtained via simplified ammonia-based low-temperature procedure resists high shear stress and powerful CW fiber laser irradiation
Authors: Zhou Jansen , Mei Nanqin , Leonenko Zoya , Zhou Norman , Mayer Michael
Published: October 2022

Strong bonds (≈7.81 MPa on average) were achieved using unidirectional pressure of approximately 0.88 MPa applied by the shown apparatus and bonding temperatures between 160 °C and 300 °C applied for 30 min in air.
Sonoelectrochemical oxidation of sulfamethoxazole in simulated and actual wastewater on a piezo-polarizable FTO/BaZrxTi(1−x)O3 electrode: reaction kinetics, mechanism and reaction pathway studies
Authors: Ojo Babatope O. , Arotiba Omotayo A. , Mabuba Nonhlangabezo
Published: October 2022

Piezo-polarized charges are generated on piezoelectric materials via the ultrasound effect. Positive synergy is achieved through sonolysis and electrochemical oxidation. Impressive degradation efficiency of sulfamethoxazole on FTO/BaZr(0.1)Ti(0.9)O3 electrode is observed.
Exploring inclusion complex of an anti-cancer drug (6-MP) with β-cyclodextrin and its binding with CT-DNA for innovative applications in anti-bacterial activity and photostability optimized by computational study
Authors: Mondal Modhusudan , Basak Shatarupa , Ali Salim , Roy Debadrita , Saha Subhadeep , Ghosh Biswajit , Ghosh Narendra Nath , Lepcha Khusboo , Roy Kanak , Roy Mahendra Nath
Published: October 2022

The complexation of an essential anti-cancer drug called 6-Mercaptopurine monohydrate with β-cyclodextrin was investigated for enhancing bioavailability.
A realistic perspective for CO2triggered tuning of electrical conductivity
Authors: Sha Mizaj Shabil , Kumar Bijandra , Abdullah Aboubakr M. , Muthusamy Suresh , Kumar Sadasivuni Kishor
Published: October 2022

Schematic of tuning of electrical conductivity of zinc coupled with carbon capture and utilisation strategy.
Multiband-switchability and high-absorptivity of a metamaterial perfect absorber based on a plasmonic resonant structure in the near-infrared region
Authors: Liang Jian , Chen Yan , Zhou Zhangkun , Chen Shanjun
Published: October 2022

We present a perfect absorber with a simple structure and high absorption rate that can achieve dual-band and triple-band switching.
Aizoon extract as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for stainless steel 430 in HCl solution
Authors: Fouda Abd El-Aziz S. , Al-Bonayan Ameena M. , Molouk Ahmed F. , Eissa M.
Published: October 2022

Aizoon extract is used as an eco-friendly anti-corrosive material for stainless steel 430 (SS430) in 2 M hydrochloric acid solution.
Simultaneous improvement of efficiency and stability of inverted organic solar cellviacomposite hole transport layer
Authors: Huang Qiri , Jing Jianhua , Zhang Kai , Chen Yanwei , Song Ao , Liu Zixian , Huang Fei
Published: October 2022

A novel composite hole transport layer is developed by combining 2PACz with MoO3. Inverted OSCs with the highest efficiency of 18.49% were achieved, which was much higher than that of the control device based on a MoO3HTL (17.46%).
A machine learning study on superlattice electron blocking layer design for AlGaN deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes using the stacked XGBoost/LightGBM algorithm
Authors: Lin Rongyu , Liu Zhiyuan , Han Peng , Lin Ronghui , Lu Yi , Cao Haicheng , Tang Xiao , Wang Chuanju , Khandelwal Vishal , Zhang Xiangliang , Li Xiaohang
Published: October 2022

A stacked XGBoost/LightGBM model was developed to predict and systematically investigate various high-performance SL-EBLs and to suggest a simpler and experimentally realizable low Al-content SL-EBL design.
A considerable improvement of long-persistent luminescence in LiLuSiO4:Pr3+ phosphors by Sm3+ co-doping for optical tagging applications
Authors: Yan Shao , Liang Yanjie , Zhang Yi , Lou Bibo , Liu Jingwei , Chen Dongxun , Miao Shihai , Ma Chonggeng
Published: October 2022

A considerable enhancement of UVC afterglow intensity and decay time has been realized in LiLuSiO4:Pr3+ phosphors by Sm3+ co-doping.
High conductivity PEDOT:PSS through laser micro-annealing: mechanisms and application
Authors: Troughton Joe , Peillon Nathalie , Borbely Andras , Rodriguez-Pereira Jhonatan , Pavlinak David , Macak Jan M. , Djenizian Thierry , Ramuz Marc
Published: October 2022

Using a 1042 nm laser, we control the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS over 3 orders of magnitude. We show that the cause of this change in conductivity is the agglomeration of the PEDOT cores, and use this process to fabricated OECTs.
Mediators, Moderators, and Covariates: Matching Analysis Approach for Improved Precision in Cognitive-Communication Rehabilitation Research
Authors: Morrow Emily L. , Duff Melissa C. , Mayberry Lindsay S.
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

The dual goals of this tutorial are (a) to increase awareness and use of mediation and moderation models in cognitive-communication rehabilitation research by describing options, benefits, and attainable analytic approaches for researchers with limited resources and sample sizes and (b) to describe how these findings may be interpreted for clinicians consuming research to inform clinical care.

Method:

We highlight key insights from the social sciences literature pointing to the risks of common approaches to linear modeling, which may slow progress in clinical–translational research and reduce the clinical utility of our work. We discuss the potential of mediation and moderation analyses to reduce the research-to-practice gap and describe how researchers may begin to implement these models, even in smaller sample sizes. We discuss how these preliminary analyses can help focus resources for larger trials to fully encapsulate the heterogeneity of individuals with cognitive-communication disorders.

Results:

In rehabilitation research, we study groups, but we use the findings from those studies to treat individuals. The most functional clinical research is about more than establishing only whether a given effect exists for an “average person” in the group of interest. It is critical to understand the active ingredients and mechanisms of action by which a given treatment works (mediation) and to know which circumstances, contexts, or individual characteristics might make that treatment most beneficial (moderation).

Conclusions:

Increased adoption of mediation and moderation approaches, executed in appropriate steps, could accelerate progress in cognitive-communication rehabilitation research and lead to the development of targeted treatments that work for more clients. In a field that has made limited progress in developing successful interventions for the last several decades, it is critical that we harness new approaches to advance clinical–translational research results for complex, heterogeneous groups with cognitive-communication disorders.
Acoustic and Kinematic Assessment of Motor Speech Impairment in Patients With Suspected Four-Repeat Tauopathies
Authors: Cordella Claire , Gutz Sarah E. , Eshghi Marziye , Stipancic Kaila L. , Schliep Megan , Dickerson Bradford C. , Green Jordan R.
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to use acoustic and kinematic speech measures to characterize type of motor speech impairment—apraxia of speech (AOS) versus dysarthria—in individuals with four-repeat tauopathy (4RT)–associated syndromes, including nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA), primary progressive AOS (PPAOS), corticobasal syndrome (CBS), and progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome (PSPs).

Method:

Twenty patient participants were recruited and stratified into two groups: (a) a motor-speech–impaired group of individuals with nfvPPA, PPAOS, CBS, or PSPs and suspected 4RT pathology (“MSI+”) and (b) a non–motor-speech-impaired group of individuals with logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia (“MSI−”). Ten healthy, age-matched controls also participated in the study. Participants completed a battery of speech tasks, and 15 acoustic and kinematic speech measures were derived. Quantitative speech measures were grouped into feature categories (“AOS features,” “dysarthria features,” “shared features”). In addition to quantitative speech measures, two certified speech-language pathologists made independent, blinded auditory-perceptual ratings of motor speech impairment. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to investigate the relative contributions of quantitative features.

Results:

Quantitative speech measures were generally concordant with independent clinician ratings of motor speech impairment severity. Hypothesis-driven groupings of quantitative measures differentiated predominantly apraxic from predominantly dysarthric presentations within the MSI+ group. PCA results provided additional evidence for differential profiles of motor speech impairment in the MSI+ group; heterogeneity across individuals is explained in large part by varying levels of overall severity—captured by the shared feature variable group—and degree of apraxia severity, as measured by the AOS feature variable group.

Conclusions:

Quantitative features reveal heterogeneity of MSI in the 4RT group in terms of both overall severity and subtype of MSI. Results suggest the potential for acoustic and kinematic speech assessment methods to inform characterization of motor speech impairment in 4RT-associated syndromes.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21401778
Dissemination Research in Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Tutorial
Authors: Feuerstein Julie L. , Douglas Natalie F. , Olswang Lesley B.
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this tutorial is threefold: (a) to bring attention to the role and value of dissemination research in communication sciences and disorders (CSD), (b) to introduce a model that can be used to guide dissemination research, and (c) to demonstrate strategic steps toward generating research questions and planning methods for dissemination research using an example from the authors' work.

Method:

This tutorial begins with a discussion of the role of dissemination in clinical research, with emphasis on differentiating the unique value of dissemination within the broader context of dissemination and implementation (D&I) research. The tutorial next presents a model of dissemination from the extant literature and describes how this model can be applied in CSD using examples from the authors' respective programs of clinical research. This is followed by an example that illustrates how the model can be used to determine research questions and guide the development of methods. Finally, the tutorial ends by discussing the potential impact of dissemination research for advancing efforts in CSD for closing the research-to-practice gap.

Conclusions:

Dissemination research is an often overlooked but critical component of D&I efforts. When approached systematically and rigorously, dissemination can make meaningful contributions to clinical research in CSD.
Harmonic resonance analysis in high‐renewable‐energy‐penetrated power systems considering frequency coupling
Authors: Wang Yang , Chen Haimeng , Gao Bo , Xiao Xianyong , Torquato Ricardo , Trindade Fernanda C. L.
Published: October 2022

Renewable energy is a key solution to address the challenges of energy shortages and climate change. Consequently, high‐renewable‐energy‐penetrated power systems (HREPPS) have become a popular trend. This has led to the increasing use of voltage‐source converters (VSCs) as renewable‐energy interfaces. Meanwhile, other VSC‐based applications such as flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) are used for supporting the energy conversion of renewable energy. With the large integration of VSC‐interfaced devices, there is a rising concern regarding their impact on the harmonic resonance of power systems. In this study, a new harmonically coupled impedance model is proposed to inspect the harmonic resonance caused by VSC‐interfaced devices in HREPPS. The model is derived based on the penetration of a multifrequency harmonic, enabling it to fully reveal the frequency coupling effect in the system. Research has shown that frequency coupling plays an important role in harmonic resonance analysis. The correctness of the proposed harmonic impedance model and its effectiveness on harmonic resonance analysis were verified using time‐domain simulations of a real‐life photovoltaic integrated system.
MILLER-Banding: Behandlung des Steal-Syndroms nach AV-Shuntanlage
Authors: Fellenberg Jana , Saalmüller Tetwin
Published: October 2022

Die Minimally Invasive Limited Ligation Endoluminal-assisted Revision – kurz MILLER-Banding – ist eine endovaskulär-assistierte OP-Technik, um das Steal-Syndrom zu therapieren. Wie die partielle Ligatur des venösen Shuntanteils abläuft, schildern unsere Autoren.
Molecular Docking Study of Isoxazole Indole Derivatives (B2A2 Series)
as Promising Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators & Anticancer
Drugs
Authors: Iyer Jayashree Monikanta , Khare Aradhana , Pandey Jaya , Yadav Manish
Published: October 2022

A series of 7 compounds with isoxazole – indole –
γ-resorcylic acid scaffold, segregated into B2 & A2 series,
wherein, B2 comprises Compounds: 13, 14, 15 & 16 and A2 comprises
Compounds: 10, 11 & 12, on the basis of the variable substituents at the
indole, resorcinol and isoxazole end of the scaffold as in Figure: 1, were
designed and docked with human estrogen receptor: 1ERRα. The Binding
affinity (BA) and the interacting amino acids compared with reference selective
estrogen receptor modulators (SERM’s) such as Raloxifene, Estradiol,
Bazedoxifene, Bisphenol, Genistein, Daidzein, Ormiloxifene, Tamoxifen,
6-hydroxy-naphthalen-2yl-benzo(D)-isoxazol-6-ol(1) using PyRx software and their
ADME properties predicted with SWISS ADME online tool. Significant similarities
and minor differences in the binding pattern between the key interacting
aminoacids such as Arg 394, Glu 353, Asp 351, Leu 346, Leu 525, Trp 383, Phe
404, Ala 350, Leu 387, Met 421 responsible for ER agonist/antagonist
affinity found in the binding cavity of a 1 Errα -Bazedoxifene/1
Errα -raloxifene/1 Errα -estradiol docked complex AND 1
Errα -isoxazole-indole- resorcinol docked complex indicate their
promising potential to serve as potent ER agonists in bone or ER antagonists
against breast cancer and other cancer diseases. The Compounds with highest BA
is of the order: BA (A1series)>B1series>/<BA(A2
series)>/=BA (B2 series) exceptions: compounds: 4, 5 of
B1 series & compound:13 of B2 series with identical and least BA
values.

BA(6)=BA(8)>BA(7)>BA(2)>BA(9)=BA(1)>BA(12)>BA(10)=BA(15)=BA(11)=BA(3)>BA(14)=BA(16)>BA(4)=BA(5)=BA(13).
Nontraumatic Intracranial Epidural Hematoma: Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Souza Joilson Francisco de , Medeiros Luiz Eduardo Dantas Cerqueira , Pereira Carlos Umberto
Published: October 2022

Introduction Epidural hematoma (EDH) is generally a direct sequela of head injury. Spontaneous EDH is rarely described in the literature. Spontaneous EDH can be caused by infections of adjacent regions, vascular malformations of the dura mater, metastases to the bone skull, and disorders of blood coagulation. The preferred treatment is surgical. The prognosis is directly related to the size, location, and Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission and the underlying disease.

Methods A systematic literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We performed the search in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases. Abstracts and articles were screened according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results The literature review yielded 1,156 records from the databases, of which a total of 164 full-text articles were included in the final synthesis, plus 22 additional relevant studies. A total of 89 case report studies were included, providing 95 unique patients. There was a predominance of coagulopathies as the main etiology of spontaneous EDH. A total of 45.3% of the patients presented lesions in > 1 brain lobe. The frontal lobe was the most prevalent location of EDH. The most used neuroimaging exam was computed tomography (CT). Surgical intervention was the most common treatment performed. A total of 24.2% of the patients died.

Conclusion Nontraumatic EDH represents an uncommon manifestation of several pathologies. Clinical investigation should be aware of such a possibility. Healthcare professionals should value the physical examination and clinical history of the patient. Given the scarcity of information on the pathogenesis of spontaneous EDH, further studies are needed to better define intervention strategies and therapies for these patients.
Phenotypic causal networks between boar taint compounds measured in biopsies and carcasses
Authors: Botelho Margareth Evangelista , Lopes Marcos Soares , Mathur Pramod K. , Knol Egbert F. , Marques Daniele B. D. , Lopes Paulo Sávio , Silva Fabyano Fonseca e , Guimarães Simone Eliza Facioni , Veroneze Renata
Published: October 2022

Context Boar taint compounds (androstenone, skatole and indole) can be measured in pig carcasses, after slaughter or, alternatively, in biopsies of subcutaneous adipose tissue from selected living pigs. Measuring these compounds via biopsy enables data collection in selected animals and high standardisation regarding tissue-collection procedures for phenotyping. Because different analytical methods can be used to measure boar taint compounds, it is important to better understand the relationship between boar taint compounds measured in biopsies and in carcasses. Aims This research aimed to identify the causal relationship and causal effects among boar taint compounds (androstenone, skatole and indole) measured in pig adipose tissue from carcasses and biopsies. Methods The concentrations of androstenone (AC), skatole (SC) and indole (IC) measured in adipose tissue from pig carcasses and the concentrations of androstenone (AB), skatole (SB) and indole (IB) measured in biopsies were used to fit a multi-trait Structural Equation Model (SEM) considering causal network graphs obtained via inductive causation algorithm with or without a priori information. Models were compared using the deviance information criterion (DIC). Key results The best DIC was obtained in a model with a causal structure built using a priori information; however, this model was considered inappropriate, because it returned several null genetic correlations among traits described as positively correlated. The best structure returned using only inductive causation algorithm was IB → SC ← AB ← AC ← SB: SC → IC, which was obtained with an 80–70% high-probability distribution interval. This model returned positive genetic correlations and improved goodness-of-fit compared with the multi-trait model in all cases. Several causal relationships among boar taint compounds in carcasses and biopsies were identified. Conclusion Boar taint compounds measured in biopsies have direct effects on boar taint compounds measured in carcasses. Implications Knowledge concerning the causal structure of boar taint compounds may be used in breeding programs, helping in the formulation of selection indexes and improving the ability for prediction and selection of this complex trait (boar taint).
Characterising fish habitat use of fringing oyster reefs using acoustic imaging
Authors: Dunn Robert P. , Kimball Matthew E. , O’Brien Caitlin G. , Adams Nathan T.
Published: October 2022

Context Oysters provide structured habitat along coastal margins, but owing to the high turbidity of many estuaries, characterising the faunal communities that utilise oyster reefs typically requires direct capture, which is potentially lethal or destructive. Acoustic imaging sonar can non-destructively sample the abundance and size of swimming organisms (nekton), but collection of data from acoustic imaging files requires substantial processing time following field sampling. Aims We compared five alternate data examination protocols that could be applied to acoustic imaging files from intertidal oyster reefs and identified a protocol (analysing randomly chosen 3 of 5 min of imagery recordings) that reduces parameter estimation bias and processing time. Methods To demonstrate the utility of this protocol, we investigated diel differences in fish use of fringing oyster reefs. Key results During day-time and night-time sampling, we respectively recorded 4535 and 1924 fish across a size range of 1–52 cm. We found no difference between day and night in relative abundance, mean size, or size-spectra of the fish community inhabiting reefs. Conclusions and implications Active acoustic imaging can be an effective, non-destructive method to characterise faunal communities in shallow, turbid habitats and can be used to test hypotheses regarding the ecology of these ecosystems.
High sensitivity concave-shaped photonic crystal fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Du Zhenhua , Liu Huilong , Xia Jing , Lü Yanfei
Published: October 2022

A novel concave-shaped photonic crystal fiber sensor with double loss peaks based on surface plasmon resonance is proposed, whose properties are investigated by the finite element method. Gold can be utilized to generate excitation between the core mode and surface plasmon polariton mode. The simulation results indicate that in the wavelength range of 1.2 to 2.2 μm, the proposed sensor could detect the refractive index (RI) in the range of 1.18–1.30, the wavelength sensitivity of the primary loss peak could reach up to 18 000 nm/RIU and the corresponding resolution is 5.56 × 10−6 RIU in the RI range from 1.26 to 1.27. In addition, the double loss peaks could improve the detection accuracy, and the trough wavelength variation range is small, indicating that the proposed sensor is relatively stable, which improves the practicability of the sensor. This work could have a wide application value in the detection of medical testing, biomolecules, and organic chemistry.
Study on the Effect of Temperature on the Microstructure and Properties of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheet Rolled in Single Pass under High Pressure
Authors: Tian Yuting , Li Yan , Ji Wenbo , Chen Yan , Xia Lei
Published: October 2022

The single-pass rolling test was carried out on AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet with a thickness of 1.3mm at room temperature and heated to 350°C with different reduction rates. The microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy were contrastively analyzed, and the nucleation process of twinning dynamic recrystallization was analyzed. The results showed that the twin dynamic recrystallization was the main mechanism to coordinate the large deformation with the increase of the reduction rate, and the dynamic recrystallization mechanism at the grain boundary was involved in the coordination deformation at high temperature. When the reduction rate was large, a shear band would appear, which had a significant weakening effect on the material, and the shear band would appear earlier at high temperatures. The reason for the nucleation of dynamic recrystallization was that the formation energy of dynamic recrystallization was lower in the twin, and only the formation of short small angular grain boundary could induce the nucleation.