bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Forgotten Trade of European Pond Turtle Emys orbicularis in Central Europe in the 18th and 19th Centuries – An Essential Introduction to Historical and Economic Investigation
Authors: Daszkiewicz Piotr
Published: June 2019

A drastic decrease in the European pond turtle population occurred at the end of 18th century and during the first half of 19th century. The exploitation of this species, as a source of food and drug substances, is nowadays almost forgotten. The present paper aimed at, firstly, underlining some historical sources concerning the exploitation of the European pond turtle. Secondly, its goal is to answer the following question: to what extent did the exploitation of the species contribute to the decline of the population? The author concludes with the importance and necessity of historical and economic analysis in order to understand the phenomenon of the decline of the European pond turtle population. This research, which must be continued by historians, will help the naturalists in action to protect and reintroduce the species into its former geographical range.
Transfer of Ownership of Forests in the Western and Northern Teritories after World War II: Nationalization and Reprivatization
Authors: Jaroszyk-Pawlukiewicz Joanna
Published: June 2019

The article concerns the transfer of ownership of forest property, nationalized after World War II. It covers the subject matter of the process of property acquisition by way of nationalization decrees, in particular in the area of the so-called Regained Territories and dilemmas related to the issue of reprivatization. The work includes issues proposed over the years and existing statutory solutions, as well as case law affecting the interpretation of legal norms.
Informational Support of Civilian Intelligence for Heavy Industry (Including Machine Industry) and the Energy Sector in the Polish People’s Republic in the Years 1970–1990
Authors: Sikora Mirosław
Published: June 2019

Throughout the existence of the Polish People’s Republic (PPR), its scientific and technical intelligence (S&TI) supported Polish mining, energy, metallurgy, and machine industries. Cooperation with companies and research and development centers intensified in the first half of the 1970s, as a natural consequence of the experience accumulated by the intelligence service in the previous fifteen years.

The most crucial issues related to the improvement of secret methods of acquiring technologies for the Polish economy were defining the scope of the tasks, i.e. the types of technologies which can be acquired by intelligence or purchased in the black market, selecting objects, (i.e. institutions and organizations with the required knowledge), and recruiting personal sources of information in western facilities.

Apart from acquiring specific solutions S&TI also developed analyses related to specific countries, as well as to specific technologies in the global aspect or to international corporations that possessed the technologies. Furthermore, S&TI was engaged by the Polish government to provide information to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of International Trade during trade negotiations with foreign contractors.

Author draws the history of Polish S&TI during the 70s and 80s, showcasing its operations, explaining its modus operandi and discussing the question about the efficiency of illicit transfer of know-how from OECD for the purposes technical progress in communist Poland. Article bases on recently declassified documents of Polish intelligence service from the pre-1990 period. There are moreover other archival records as well as secondary sources explored.
Effect of Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in Nigeria
Authors: Omodero Cordelia Onyinyechi
Published: June 2019

This study investigates the effect of corruption on foreign direct investment inflows in Nigeria, by using some control variables. The study covers a period from 1996 to 2017 and employs Ordinary Least Squares method to perform the multiple regression analysis with the aid of SPSS version 20. The findings indicate that corruption has a significant positive influence on FDI. Though the influence of inflation is significantly negative but exchange rate and Nigeria’s corruption ranking position have insignificant positive impact on FDI. The implication is that the poor legal framework and institutional qualities in Nigeria are helping corruption to thrive in all areas of Nigeria’s economy and might ruin the young generation if nothing is done urgently. The study finds support for helping hand theory of corruption and FDI and also establishes that inflation has a significant negative influence on FDI inflows in the country. Therefore, the study recommends establishment of strong institutional and legal system to curtail the prevailing situation in order to save the future of the country.
Modelling of the Aerospace Structure Demonstrator Subcomponent
Authors: Bajurko Piotr
Published: June 2019

Carbon-epoxy composite materials, due to their high strength in relation to mass, are increasingly used in the construction of aircraft structures, however, they are susceptible to a number of damages. One of the most common is delamination, which is a serious problem in the context of safe operation of such structures. As part of the TEBUK project, the Institute of Aviation has developed a methodology for forecasting the propagation of delamination. In order to validate the proposed method, an aerial structure demonstrator, modelled on the horizontal stabilizer of the I-23 Manager aircraft, was carried out. However, in order to carry out the validation, it was necessary to "simplify" the demonstrator model. The paper presents a numerical analysis conducted in order to separate from the TEBUK demonstrator model a fragment of the structure, which was used to study the delamination area, as an equivalent of the whole demonstrator. Subcomponent selection was carried out in several stages, narrowing down the analysed area covering delamination in subsequent steps and verifying the compliance of specific parameters with the same parameters obtained in a full demonstrator model. The parameters compared were: energy release rate values on the delamination front line and strain values in the delamination area. The numerical analyses presented in the paper were performed with the use of the MSC.Marc/Mentat calculation package. As a result of the analyses, a fragment of the structure was selected, which allows to significantly reduce the time and labour consumption of the production of the studied object, as well as to facilitate experimental research.
TDABC for a manufacturing environment: A case study
Authors: Ganorkar Ashwin B. , Lakhe Ramesh R. , Agrawal Kamalkishor N.
Published: June 2019

Costing system is an essential part of a company. Determining the accurate cost of a product or service is extremely important for the profitability and performance of a company. Over the years, different approaches and models have been developed to estimate the cost of the product manufactured. However, their models were found to be inadequate in the correct value of the product cost. In the last decade, activity-based costing (ABC) has been successfully adopted by many companies worldwide. Nonetheless, because of its high maintenance and setup cost, it has been abandoned and a new time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) model has been developed. Though adopted by many large scale-manufacturing industries, TDABC has not been implemented in small scale manufacturing companies due to unavailability of resources and also ignorance about its implementation. This paper presents a model for the application of TDABC in the small scale manufacturing industry. The model is implemented in a furniture manufacturing company for the estimation of product cost. The cost obtained from the TDABC is compared with the traditional costing system and established the accuracy of TDABC over the traditional costing system. Along with the case study, this paper also discusses the different data results obtained from TDABC and its utility for the managers and the decision makers.
Projections for the number of students in the Polytechnic Institute of Guarda: Application of a mathematical model
Authors: Rosa Cecília , Natário Manuela , Salgado José , Daniel Ana , Braga Ascensão
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper is to apply a mathematical model, structured in classes, to estimate projections for the number of students for the Polytechnic Institute of Guarda (IPG) and its four schools for the period 2017–2022, based on the historical data from the period 2000–2016. The model has an internal dynamic that represents the flow of students who move from one to the next academic year, and an external dynamic that describes the flow of students who enter or leave the institution. Using the historical evolution in the period 2000–2016, three different scenarios are presented in order to quantify the number of students who will enrol in each school and in the IPG as a whole. We concluded that it is scenario 3 that presents higher enrolled students, projecting a continuous growth in the period under analysis. On the other hand, scenario 1 presents a small decrease in the number of students.
Disaster Management: An Overview
Authors: Samiksha Pradhan  , Varun Dev Gupta
Published: June 2019

Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life or deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area is termed as disaster management. This review depicts the various measures undertaken by healthcare professionals to reduce the impact of such disasters. Also, the roles of dentists in helping in such an unforeseen event id discusses
Dental Neglect among Children And Their Parents In District Panchkula
Authors: Ishani Sharma  , Pooja Chauhan  , Virat Galhotra  , Himanshu Duhan  , Manpreet Kaur
Published: June 2019

AIM- To evaluate the relationship between dental neglect, dental caries and socio-economic status in 3 to 15 years old children.

INTRODUCTION- Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases treatment of which is being highly neglected especially in children. Dental Neglect (DN) is persistent failure to meet a child’s basic oral health needs, likely to result in serious impairment of the child’s general health and development. Dental Neglect scale appears to be an appropriate method for objectifying dental neglect. 

MATERIALS AND METHOD- The sample consisted of fifty parent children dyads, parents were asked to fill the questionnaires assessing their dental neglect and socio-economic status. Caries were assessed using the WHO criteria (2013).

RESULTS- Study showed that a greater dental neglect score (21.16) was reported among children belonging to low socio-economic status. A higher DMFT (2.08) and DMFS (3.0) scores were found to be significantly associated with higher DN.
Association between Body Mass Index, Dental Caries (DMFT& PUFA) And Socioeconomic Status in 12 to 15 Year Old School Children
Authors: Pooja Chauhan  , Ishani Sharma  , Virat Galhotra  , Himanshu Duhan  , Manpreet Kaur
Published: June 2019

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between body mass index, dental caries (DMFT), untreated dental caries (PUFA) and socioeconomic status in 12 to 15 year old school children.

Material and methods: The study sample consisted of 800 children aged 12 to 15 years, who were selected from 8 schools located in the district-Panchkula (Haryana). Intraoral examination was done for assessment of dental caries by using DMFT index (WHO, 2013).The clinical manifestations of untreated dental caries were assessed visually by using the PUFA index (2010). Socioeconomic status of children was assessed by using Kuppuswami’s socioeconomic scale 2016. After one week, anthropometric measurements of children were taken to calculate the body mass index (BMI) of children.

Results: Among 800 school children, 503 (62.9%) children had dental caries. The body mass index (BMI) of children was weakly correlated with DMFT (r=0.285) and PUFA (r=0.109) whereas average correlation was found between BMI and SES (r= 0.424). On applying chi-square test, a statistical significant correlation was found between BMI and DMFT (p<0.01), BMI and PUFA (p<0.01) and BMI and SES (p<0.01). SES of children was weakly correlated with DMFT (r= 0.216) but no correlation was found between SES and PUFA (r=0.052, p=0.145).

Conclusion: The study concluded that a significant but weak positive correlation was seen between dental caries and BMI. A significantly positive correlation was found between PUFA and BMI. The severity of dental caries increased with increase in BMI. No correlation was found between PUFA and SES.
Novel Agents for Prevention of Caries: A Review
Authors: Mansimranjit Kaur Uppal
Published: June 2019

Now a day’s treatment modalities regarding dental caries have been changed with aim at maximum conservation of tooth structure and it’s an ethical duty of a dentist to provide their patients with minimally invasive treatment. Remineralization therapy is preferred in cases, where there is a chance of gaining success by preventive methods. Many novel caries preventive materials are now available in the market which contains components that have the ability to initiate remineralization.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Rural Population of South India
Authors: Badal Chandra Bhakat  , K Vani Madhavi
Published: June 2019

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CRISPR-induced double-strand breaks trigger recombination between homologous chromosome arms
Authors: Brunner Erich , Yagi Ryohei , Debrunner Marc , Beck-Schneider Dezirae , Burger Alexa , Escher Eliane , Mosimann Christian , Hausmann George , Basler Konrad
Published: June 2019

CRISPR–Cas9–based genome editing has transformed the life sciences, enabling virtually unlimited genetic manipulation of genomes: The RNA-guided Cas9 endonuclease cuts DNA at a specific target sequence and the resulting double-strand breaks are mended by one of the intrinsic cellular repair pathways. Imprecise double-strand repair will introduce random mutations such as indels or point mutations, whereas precise editing will restore or specifically edit the locus as mandated by an endogenous or exogenously provided template. Recent studies indicate that CRISPR-induced DNA cuts may also result in the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosome arms. However, conclusive data of such recombination events in higher eukaryotes are lacking. Here, we show that inDrosophila, the detected Cas9-mediated editing events frequently resulted in germline-transmitted exchange of chromosome arms—often without indels. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using the system for generating recombinants and also highlight an unforeseen risk of using CRISPR-Cas9 for therapeutic intervention.
Evidence for vesicle-mediated antigen export by the human pathogen Babesia microti
Authors: Thekkiniath Jose , Kilian Nicole , Lawres Lauren , Gewirtz Meital A , Graham Morven M , Liu Xinran , Ledizet Michel , Ben Mamoun Choukri
Published: June 2019

The apicomplexan parasite Babesia microti is the primary agent of human babesiosis, a malaria-like illness and potentially fatal tick-borne disease. Unlike its close relatives, the agents of human malaria, B. microti develops within human and mouse red blood cells in the absence of a parasitophorous vacuole, and its secreted antigens lack trafficking motifs found in malarial secreted antigens. Here, we show that after invasion of erythrocytes, B. microti undergoes a major morphogenic change during which it produces an interlacement of vesicles (IOV); the IOV system extends from the plasma membrane of the parasite into the cytoplasm of the host erythrocyte. We developed antibodies against two immunodominant antigens of the parasite and used them in cell fractionation studies and fluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy analyses to monitor the mode of secretion of B. microti antigens. These analyses demonstrate that the IOV system serves as a major export mechanism for important antigens of B. microti and represents a novel mechanism for delivery of parasite effectors into the host by this apicomplexan parasite.
Editorial
Authors: Weller Wivian , Devech Catia Piccolo Viero
Published: June 2019

Resumo
Apresentação
Authors: Muniz Cristiano Alberto , Gontijo Cleyton Hércules
Published: June 2019

Constata-se alto investimento na formação de quadros de profissionais no campo  da investigação em décadas, na pós-graduação brasileira, nas linhas de pesquisa de ensino de ciências e educação matemática. Os estudos acadêmicos apresentam uma  grande amplitude de temas, referenciais e metodologias em suas pesquisas, com objetos de investigação variados, entre eles construção de conceitos, práticas pedagógicas, formação dos professores que ensinam ciências e matemática, representações sociais, relação entre educação formal e não formal, divulgação científica, história das ciências, entre muitos outros temas. Entretanto, estas importantes produções de reflexão acerca da aprendizagem e do ensino de ciências e matemática, dentro e fora da escola  ainda  são de difícil acesso aos professores da educação básica  e aos estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação.
Professoras que ensinam matemática nos anos iniciais e sua formação
Authors: Lopes Anemari Roesler Luersen Vieira , Silva Diaine Susara Garcez da , Vaz Halana Garcez Borowsky , Fraga Laura Pippi
Published: June 2019

O artigo apresenta uma pesquisa realizada com professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental que investigou  quais as percepções que eles têm sobre a sua formação, no que diz respeito à educação matemática, visando discutir  possíveis implicações destas percepções. Participaram do estudo  cinquenta professores da rede  pública  municipal de Santa Maria, RS, que responderam a um questionário, cuja interpretação foi orientada pela análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de discutir-se, de  forma  mais  aprimorada, a  formação oferecida pelas   disciplinas curriculares relativas à educação matemática nos cursos de formação de professores que ensinam matemática nos anos iniciais.
A inserção das mulheres na ciência: narrativas de mulheres cientistas sobre a escolha profissional
Authors: Silva Fabiane Ferreira da , Ribeiro Paula Regina Costa
Published: June 2019

O artigo discute a inserção das mulheres na ciência a partir da análise de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com mulheres cientistas atuantes em universidades federais e numa instituição de pesquisa do Rio Grande do Sul. No artigo, analisamos as justificativas para a escolha profissional, enfatizando as motivações, as pessoas marcantes e  os  acontecimentos que  possibilitaram essa  decisão. Procuramos compreender como  se dá a inserção das  mulheres na ciência,  construída sobre pilares  androcêntricos e sexistas. Na análise, problematizamos os discursos e práticas sociais  que estiveram/estão implicados na constituição das entrevistadas, ensinando-lhes modos  de ser  e de agir como mulheres e de pensar e atuar  com relação à ciência.
Sob o signo da luz e das sombras: o imaginário da autonomia em educação
Authors: Barbosa Manuel Gonçalves
Published: June 2019

O imaginário da autonomia tem um longo passado atrás de si e ainda hoje concita as maiores atenções em educação. Não obstante, devido à sua redefinição em termos de autossuficiência, cuidado de si mesmo, eu empreendedor, responsabilidade individual e autodeterminação obrigatória, questiona-se se essas ressignificações devem ser promovidas pela educação, pois, aparentemente, não se articulam com o lado luminoso desse imaginário, quer dizer, com a liberdade e a emancipação do ser humano. O nosso objetivo, depois de um transcurso histórico para dar profundidade ao tema do imaginário da autonomia, consiste em analisar as luzes e as sombras que presentemente envolvem esse imaginário e em perguntar, por referência à educação, se ainda vale a pena investir nesse imaginário e de que modo.
A produção didática da história nos manuais para professores
Authors: Paulilo André Luiz
Published: June 2019

Este artigo expõe resultados de pesquisa acerca do ensino de história. Trata-se da análise dos manuais do professor das 19 coleções de livros didáticos de história recomendados pelo Plano Nacional do Livro Didático de 2008 (PNLD-2008). O estudo busca mostrar os manuais do professor como fonte de pesquisa. A discussão fundamenta-se na ideia de que os manuais do professor trazem representações acerca do ensino. Ao traçar um breve inventário das práticas de ensino nos manuais didáticos, reflete-se sobre as concepções de ensino de história no material ali divulgado. Conclui-se que essas concepções permitem evidenciar algumas das mais importantes características da prática dos professores.
Reformas na educação superior: de FHC a Dilma Rousseff (1995-2011)
Authors: Suely Ferreira
Published: June 2019

As mudanças nas últimas décadas do século XX e início do século XXI, na universidade, no Estado e no mercado vêm promovendo alterações substantivas na forma de conceber a universidade e o exercício das suas finalidades nessa relação em inúmeros países. Esse processo vem requerendo que as universidades integrem-se com as demandas da reestruturação produtiva do capital. Em relação às universidades no Brasil, objetivou-se discutir as novas concepções e finalidades sociais que vem sendo construídas para essas instituições, no contexto das reformas da educação superior, nos governos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Lula da Silva e início do governo de Dilma Rousseff.
A formação nos horizontes da Unesco e o olhar da Paideia
Authors: Corbiniano Simone Alexandre Martins
Published: June 2019

Este artigo propõe uma breve reflexão acerca da Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (Unesco), com base na compreensão de formação presente nos relatórios oficiais dessa instituição. O referencial teórico adotado para a reflexão proposta está ligado, em especial, aos conceitos da paideia aristotélica e o seu cuidado com a formação do cidadão da pólis. Por cultivar a ética, a afirmação do humano e a importância da vida coletiva, a educação da Grécia clássica se tornou, no presente estudo, indispensável para ampliar o olhar acerca do sentido da formação neste início de século.
Educación superior en México: los límites del neoliberalismo (2000-2010)
Authors: Casanova Cardiel Hugo , López García Juan Carlos
Published: June 2019

Neste trabalho analisa-se a situação da educação superior no México durante a primeira década do século XXI. O ponto inicial da análise é que o modelo econômico hegemônico definido há trinta anos (neoliberalismo) tenha chegado a uma condição limite, pois sua evolução e resultados têm mostrado evidentes insuficiências e efeitos não almejados. Desta forma, neste artigo descreve-se a hegemonia do neoliberalismo na vida social, e principalmente, a privatização e o aparecimento de modalidades do mercado na educação superior. Sob esse cenário, tanto os estudantes quanto os acadêmicos e as instituições viram-se consideravelmente afetadas por uma série de decisões construídas desde a razão econômica antes do que por princípios sociais e educativos. Nesse sentido, a avaliação assim como a provisão de orçamentos converteram-se em fatores que determinaram o campo essencial da educação superior no México. A ideia de limites sugere, todavia, que existe uma oportunidade para construir um marco alternativo de políticas de educação superior.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PEMANFAATAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN PADA PESERTA JAMINAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PAYAKABUNG, KABUPATEN OGAN ILIR
Authors: Irawan Bambang , Ainy Asmaripa
Published: June 2019

Latar Belakang: Puskesmas menyediakan layanan kesehatan bagi peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Berdasarkan data dari dinas kesehatan kabupaten Ogan Ilir tahun 2017, kunjungan pasien rawat jalan terendah terjadi di Puskesmas Payakabung sebesar 650 pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan pada peserta JKN di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Payakabung.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah cross sectional menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 112 orang.Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya sebesar 43,8% responden yang memanfaatkan layanan kesehatan.  Paling banyak responden menunjukkan karakteristik sebagai berikut: usia≤46 tahun (60,7%), perempuan (59,8%), pendidikan rendah (76,8%), bekerja (66,1%), memiliki persepsi yang baik mengenai sikap petugas (61,6%), memiliki persepsi yang baik mengenai JKN (55,4%), jarak antara rumah dan puskesmas dekat (67,9%) and memiliki persepsi positif mengenai sakit (58,9%). Ada hubungan signifikan antara variable usia (p-value < 0,0001), jenis kelamin (p-value = 0,016), persepsi mengenai JKN (p-value = 0,039), aksesibilitas layanan (p-value < 0,0001) dengan  pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan bagi peserta JKN di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Payakabung.Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan uji statistik, terdapat empat variabel yang berhubungan secara signifikan dengan pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan (usia, jenis kelamin, persepsi mengenai JKN, aksesibilitas layanan).Disarankan agar pemahaman mengenai program JKN bagi masyarakat sangat diperlukan untuk efektifitas layanan kesehatan di puskesmas.
DETERMINANTS OF THE UTILIZATION OF OUTPATIENT AMONG CHILD IN INDONESIA
Authors: Herawati Lindia , Idris Haerawati
Published: June 2019

Background: Child’s health becomes the government concern in developing countries. Improving child’s health is a challenge for developing countries due to poor health care. Children tend to need more health services as they are more susceptible to various diseases. This study was aimed to determine the determinants influencing outpatient services utilization on children in Indonesia. 

Method: This research was a descriptive with cross-sectional design research using quantitative approach. The data were obtained from secondary data of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2014. The dependent variable was the number of health service visits on children. In this study, the samples were 2,472 0-14 years old individuals selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed using binomial negative regression.

Result: The study found out that child using health services at least one outpatient visit in the last 4 weeks was 75.77%.   Woman, perception of ill, parental formal employment, parental education (high), economic status were statistically related to utilization of health service for outpatient

Conclusion: The perception of ill greatly affects the children in outpatient health service utilization, it is expected that government gives policy by family approach as the effort of family member caring, health protection and improvement especially for child.
Salud mental materna: factor de riesgo del bienestar socioemocional en niños mexicanos
Authors: Villaseñor César , Calderón Hernández Jaqueline , Gaytán Efraín , Romero Silvia , Díaz-Barriga Fernando
Published: June 2019

Objetivos.Estimar la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad (SDyA) en madres de tres zonas poblacionales (ZP) del estado de San Luis Potosí, México, y analizar la asociación entre los SDyA y sus efectos en la salud emocional de sus hijos.

Métodos.Se evaluaron 173 parejas (madre-hijo) de tres ZP: Zona urbana (ZU), rural (ZR) y rural indígena (ZRI). Se estudiaron los SDyA de las mujeres, y las dificultades conductuales (DC) de los niños.

Resultados.Se encontró una alta prevalencia de SDyA en las tres ZP. La mayor proporción de síntomas depresivos la presentaron la ZU y la ZR (38,7 y 38,6%). La prevalencia más alta de síntomas de ansiedad se observó en la ZR (31,8%). La asociación entre los SDyA y la depresión materna más fuerte se estimó en la ZR (razón de momios o RM = 11,0; IC95%: 1,3-95,5). En la ZRI se estimó la mayor prevalencia de DC en los niños (61%). Se encontró una asociación entre las DC y la ansiedad materna (RM = 2,2; IC95%: 1,1-4,3) y la depresión materna (RM = 2,5; IC95%: 1,3-4,6).

Conclusiones.La salud mental de las madres puede poner en riesgo el bienestar socioemocional de sus hijos, lo que viene respaldado por la alta prevalencia y la asociación entre SDyA y DC encontrada. En México se necesita disponer de información fiable sobre el estado de salud mental de las mujeres y los niños de las tres ZP, para implantar medidas que amplíen su cobertura evaluativa y preventiva.
Влияние мультипотентных стромальных клеток, адсорбированных на полимере молочной кислоты, на воспалительную реакцию после его экспериментальной имплантации
Authors: Maiborodin I. V. , Mikheyeva T. V. , Maiborodina V. I. , Shevela A. I.
Published: June 2019

Цель. Изучить влияние аутологичных мезенхимальных мультипотентных стромальных клеток (ММСК) костномозгового происхождения, адсорбированных на полимере молочной кислоты - полилактиде (ПЛ), на воспалительный процесс после экспериментальной имплантации этого полимера.

Материалы и методы. С помощью световой микроскопии с применением люминесценции изучали изменения подкожно-жировой клетчатки крыс после имплантации ПЛ с пассивно адсорбированными на поверхности ММСК с трансфицированным геном GFP и дополнительно окрашенными Vybrant® CM-Dil клеточными мембранами.

Результаты. Спустя 1 нед рядом с имплантированным ПЛ с адсорбированными ММСК методами флуоресцентной микроскопии были найдены фибробластоподобные клетки с ярким и равномерным свечением цитоплазмы при использовании родаминового фильтра. На 2-й неделе возле ПЛ присутствовали макрофаги разных размеров и форм, с интенсивной флуоресценцией множества включений в условиях применения родаминового фильтра. Далее яркость люминесценции и количество светящихся объектов прогрессивно снижались вплоть до почти полного исчезновения к 4-й неделе. В результате адсорбции на ПЛ ММСК уменьшается объем склерозированной клетчатки с увеличением в ней числа сосудов на 1 - 2-й неделях после имплантации. В этой клетчатке в течение 1-й недели численная плотность всех лейкоцитов и лимфоцитов ниже. Типичная капсула вокруг имплантированного ПЛ у крыс формируется только к 3-й неделе. Объем капсулы, ее васкуляризация и цитограмма лейкоцитов не зависели от адсорбции ММСК.

Выводы. При имплантации ПЛ с адсорбированными ММСК уже к 2-й неделе эти клеточные элементы из тканей фагоцитируются макрофагами, ММСК и их детрит полностью элиминируются из места введения к 4-й неделе. Адсорбция ММСК на ПЛ способствует уменьшению выраженности склероза и воспалительных изменений подкожно-жировой клетчатки при увеличении ее васкуляризации на 1 - 2-й неделях после имплантации. Сроки формирования капсулы вокруг ПЛ, а также ее структура не связаны с использованием клеточных технологий.
High rate of transmission in a pulmonary tuberculosis outbreak in a primary school, north-eastern Italy, 2019
Authors: Cinquetti Sandro , Dalmanzio Maria , Ros Elisa , Gentili Davide , Ramigni Mauro , Grossi Adriano , Andrianou Xanthi D , La Torre Leonardo Ermanno , Rigoli Roberto , Scotton Pier Giorgio , Taraschi Angela , Baldo Vincenzo , Napoletano Giuseppina , Russo Francesca , Pezzotti Patrizio , Rezza Giovanni , Filia Antonietta
Published: June 2019

Italy is a low-incidence country for tuberculosis (TB). We describe a TB outbreak in a primary school in north-eastern Italy, involving 10 cases of active pulmonary disease and 42 cases of latent infection. The index case was detected in March 2019, while the primary case, an Italian-born schoolteacher, was likely infectious since January 2018. Administration of a pre-employment health questionnaire to school staff with sustained contact with children should be considered in low-incidence countries.
ANALISA KANDUNGAN MUTU STIK IKAN KAMBING-KAMBING (Abalistes stellaris) DAN IKAN PISANG-PISANG (Caesio chrysozona) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF DIVERSIFIKASI OLAHAN IKAN
Authors: Apriliani Ags Dwi
Published: June 2019

Abstrak  Stik ikan merupakan salah satu makanan ringan berupa irisan tipis yang berbentuk pipih memanjang berbahan dasar tepung terigu, lemak, telur, garam dan air yang digoreng dan mempunyai rasa yang gurih dan bertekstur renyah. Penambahan bahan ikan dalam produk stik dimaksudkan untuk menambah mutu olahan ikan dalam bentuk diversifikasi. Ikan Kambing-kambing dan Ikan Pisang-pisang dipilih sebagai alternatif diversifikasi olahan ikan, dikarenakan selama ini ikan tersebut hanya dikonsumsi segar dan diolah menjadi ikan asin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mutu stik ikan meliputi kadar protein, kadar abu, kadar karbohidrat, kadar lemak dan kadar air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kadar protein stik ikan pisang-pisang lebih tinggi di bandingkan stik ikan kambing-kambing sebesar 12,49% dan 11,96%.  Kadar Abu stik ikan pisang-pisang lebih tinggi dibandingkan  stik ikan kambing-kambing sebesar 2,81% dan 2,65%. Kadar Karbohidrat stik ikan pisang-pisang lebih tinggi dibandingkan stik ikan kambing-kambing sebesar 55,12% dan 53,77%.  Sebaliknya kadar lemak stik ikan kambing-kambing lebih tinggi dibandingkan stik ikan pisang-pisang sebesar 27,91% dan 26,11%. Kadar air stik ikan kambing-kambing lebih tinggi  dibandingkan stik ikan pisang-pisang dan sebesar 3,71% dan 3,47%.   Kata Kunci: Mutu stik ikan, Ikan Kambing-kambing, Ikan Pisang-pisang                                                                                                                                    ABSTRACTFish stick is one of snacks which is sliced in a thin and long flat stick. It is made from wheat flour, fat, egg, salt, and water which is fried and have a salty taste and crispy texture. Adding fish ingredients in stick product is aimed to add a qualified fish mixture in form of diversification. Abalistes stellaris fish and Caesio chrysozona fish are chose as a fish diversification alternatives as the fish are fresh consumed and is processed as salt fish. The study is aimed to know the quality of fish stick which involves of protein contents, dust contents, carbohidrate contents, fat contents, and water contents. The result of the research showed that Caesio chrysozona fish stick protein contents is higher than Abalistes stellaris fish stick contents in the amount of 12,49 % and 11,96 %. Then,the dust content of Caesio chrysozona fish stick is  also higher than Abalistes stellaris fish stick as 2, 81% and 2,65 %. Furthermore, the carbohidrate content of Caesio chrysozona fish content showed higher rate than Abalistes stellaris fish stick in the level of 55, 12 % and 53, 77%. However, the fat content of Abalistes stellaris fish stick is higher than Caesio chrysozona fish stick where it amounts of 27, 91 % and 26, 11%. Meanwhile, the water content of Abalistes stellaris fish stick is higher than Caesio chrysozona fish stick as 3,72% and 3, 47 %.  Keywords: Fish stick quality, Abalistes stellaris fish, Caesio chrysozona fish
PENGGUNAAN ALAT PERAGA FISIKA BERBASIS LINGKUNGAN PADA PEMBELAJARAN KONSTEKTUALUNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT DAN KETERAMPILAN CALON GURU
Authors: Safriana Safriana , Fatmi Nuraini , Zahara Syarifah Rita
Published: June 2019

Pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat dan keterampilan calon guru\ di program studi pendidikan fisika FKIP universitas Malikussaleh dalam menggunakan alat peraga fisika berbasis lingkungan pada pembelajaran kontekstual.  Selain itu, Pelatihan ini juga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kerja sama akademik antara sekolah dan universitas dan pemanfaatan lingkungan sebagai media dalam pembuatan alat peraga. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan ini terdiri dari (1) metode Ceramah/Penyuluhan, dimaksudkan untuk menyampaikan informasi untuk materi yang bersifat umum dan teoritis, dalam hal ini adalah materi pembuatan alat peraga berbasis lingkungan dengan penerapan pembelajaran kontekstual (Contextual Teaching and Learning), (2) metode Dialogis, dimaksudkan untuk Tanya jawab dan diskusi tentang bagaimana pembuatan alat peraga. (3) Metode Pelatihan, dimaksudkan mampu menekan tingkat kebosanan siswa saat mempelajari konsep fisika sehingga dapat meningkatkan minat belajar siswa, dan memberikan gambaran kepada calon guru bahwa proses belajar-mengajar dengan menggunakan alat peraga sangat efektif untuk dilakukan. Kegiatan pelatihan untuk calon-calon guru dalam pembuatan alat peraga banyak memberikan manfaat, karena calon- calon guru bisa merancang dan mempraktekkan langsung di depan siswanya sehingga menghasilkan pembelajaran yang efektif.
STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL PERANCANGAN TURBIN ANGIN MULTI-BLADE SEDERHANA SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI ALTERNATIF
Authors: Usmaniar Cut Yana , Ayu Desi , Razak Zuryatina
Published: June 2019

Listrik merupakan salah satu kebutuhan masyarakat, sebagaian besar pusat pembangkitan untuk memproduksi energi listrik berasal dari energi fosil seperti batu bara yang sumber energinya sewaktu-waktu bisa habis. Salah satu bentuk energi yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energi listrik adalah angin. Energi angin merupakan sumber energi yang melimpah dan sangat potensial dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat yang hingga kini masih sulit dalam pengadaan listrik. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penggunaan turbin angin sederhana jenis multi-blade sebagai penghasil energi listrik alternatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimental (experimental research) yang dilakukan di desa Reulet kabupaten Aceh Utara. Objek dalam penelitian ini menggunakan turbin angin horizontal tipe multi bladed yang terdiri dari sebuah sudu dan dinamo. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data deskriptif yaitu menggambarkan hasil penelitian dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa turbin angin sederhana jenis multi blade dapat digunakan sebagai penghasil listrik alternatif di desa Reulet. Tegangan listrik yang dihasilkan melalui rancangan turbin angin sederhana jenis multi-blade adalah 2,8 Volt dengan kecepatan rata-rata angin 5 m/s.
PENGECEKAN DAN PERBAIKAN SECARA LANGSUNG FLOOD EARLY WARNING SYSTEM (FEWS) DI ALIRAN SUNGAI CIBONGAS, KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Riyalda Bondan Fiqi
Published: June 2019

Banjir merupakan bencana alam yang menjadi langganan beberapa kota besar di Indonesia, ketika memasuki musim penghujan. Oleh sebab itu banyak pihak yang mengembangkan flood early warning system (FEWS), seperti yang dikembangkan oleh BPPT di aliran sungai Cibongas. Seiring berjalannya waktu dalam pengimplementasian alat tersebut perlu dilakukan pengecekan dan perbaikan, untuk memastikan hasil pengukuran sensor pendeteksi curah hujan dan ketinggian  permukaan air sungai tetap presisi dan dapat terkirim ke server scara berkala menggunakan komunikasi GSM. Pengecekan dan perbaikan dibagi menjadi dua bagian, system dan fisik. Secara system dilakukan penggantian data logger yang telah disiapkan sebelumnya dimana di dalamnya sudah diperbaharui firmware, card I/O, baterai RTC, fuse, dan SIM card regular operator baru dengan sistem pembayaran pasca bayar. Peraturan baru mengenai pembatasan user dalam memiliki jumlah SIM card maksimal 3 buah saja. Secara fisik pengecekan dan perbaikan alat disebabkan oleh dua penyebab, faktor alam dan faktor manusia. Faktor alam rumput tinggi yang perlu dipotong secara periodik, lumut menutupi alat sensor curah hujan perlu dibersihkan juga, sarang serangga yang menutupi sensor sonar juga perlu dibersihkan dan karat pada gembok diminimalisir dengan disemprotkan WD40. Faktor manusia yang tidak bertanggung jawab memasukkan batu kedalam sensor curah hujan dimana perlu dibersihkan dan yang mengendurkan ulir antena dimana perlu di kencangkan lagi ulirnya.Diperlukan sinergitas dalam menjaga alat FEWS ini, baik dari segi menyikapi faktor alam, oknum yang tidak bertanggung jawab, dan teknis peralatannya, supaya manfaatnya dapat dinikmati masyarakat banyak dan meminimalisir jatuhnya korban jiwa maupun harta. Keywords: Banjir, FEWS, pengecekan, perbaikan, data logger, sensor
PENGUJIAN PENGGUNAAN SYNGAS HASIL GASIFIKASI BATUBARA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR PADA GAS ENGINE
Authors: Syafrinaldy Ade
Published: June 2019

Kegiatan pengujian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui kemungkinan pemanfaatan syngas hasil produksi Pilot Plant Gasifikasi Batubara di Gresik, Jawa Timur sebagai bahan bakar generator listrik.  Sebagaimana diketahui syngas hasil dari proses gasifikasi batubara dapat dimanfaatkan secara langsung untuk pembangkit listrik dengan bantuan sebuah syngas generator set. Pilot Plant Gasifikasi Batubara yang telah dibangun di Gresik mempunyai gasifier berdiameter 1 m dengan kapasitas konsumsi batubara 150 kg/jam. Umpan sebesar itu diharapkan akan memberikan nilai kalor syngas sebesar 5300 kJ/Nm3 dan produksi syngas sebesar 390 m3/jam.Ini berarti tenaga listrik yang dihasilkan akan setara dengan 580 kW. Generator set yang digunakan dalam pengujian hanya mempunyai  kapasitas daya maksimal  sebesar 200 kWe. Pemilihan kapasitas generator set yang lebih kecil ini dilakukan dengan pertimbangan kemungkinan adanya derating pada power generator, kualitas umpan batubara, kualitas syngas yang dihasilkan, debit syngas dan juga pemakaian batubara hanya sepertiga dari kapasitas maksimum. Hasil yang didapat dari uji kinerja pilot plant menunjukkan bahwa syngas yang dihasilkan oleh gasifier sangatlah mungkin dijadikan sebagai bahan bakar pembangkit listrik. Pengujian pembebanan listrik hingga 72 kW dapat berjalan lancar tanpa fluktuasi voltase yang berlebihan. Syngas yang dihasilkan gasifier dapat memenuhi kriteria gas engine pada generator set, setelah melalui beberapa proses pembersihan, dan dapat dengan mudah memproduksi listrik. Dengan terpenuhinya kriteria bahan bakar gas engine ini maka secara keseluruhan pilot plant gasifikasi batubara dan gas engine dapatlah disebut sebagai Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gasifikasi Batubara (PLTGB)
HASIL AUDIT ENERGI DI INDUSTRI TEKSTIL
Authors: Hasan Achmad
Published: June 2019

Energy audit is one way to plan for optimizing the supply and use of energyneeded by the industry. Portrait of the use of electrical energy used in textileindustry supplied from PT.PLN (Persero) with the power contract for 23000 kVAand POJ Power (Mini Hydro Power Plant, Jatiluhur) with installed capacity of5800 kVA. Especially for electric energy supplied from POJ Power, status ofelectricity continues to be a contract with the manager of POJ Power Jatiluhur.Based on the results of measurement of power quality with PQA Hioki 3197 is asdescribed in the previous section, it can be seen that: (a) Voltage magnitude atsome of the panel is high (about 250 V), (b) The power factor is very low, (c)Generally, voltage and current THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) is very high.Kata kunci: energi, listrik, penghematan, filter harmonik, faktor daya
IDENTIFIKASI PRODUK TURUNAN HYDROPROCESSING MODEL MINYAK SINTETIS BATUBARA MENGGUNAKAN GC-FID/NPD/MS
Authors: Hanif Muhammad , Yusnitati Yusnitati , Nataadmadja Nasikin
Published: June 2019

An analysis of identifying a derivative product of liquefied coal modelhydroprocessing was conducted. For that purpose, an integration gaschromatography flame ionization-nitrogen phosphorous detector and massspectrometry (GC-FID/NPD/MS) was used. Hydroprocessing process wasperformed by vibrating micro autoclave tipe batch using Ni-W/Alumina catalystunder initial hydrogen pressure 6 MPa, reaction temperature 375oC and one hourretention time. The analysis result showed that the predominant reaction werehydrogenation, hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO).The HDO of methyl phenol and ethyl phenol took place faster than the otherhydroprocessing reactions such as HDN of quinoline and aromatic hydrogenation(butyl benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene dan pyrene). This indicates that thehydrogenation reaction or the cleavage of C-O bonding took place very fast thatalkyl could not be detected in the oil. The HDN reaction or the cleavage of C-Ntook place slower but the the nitrogen containing compound vanished faster dueto selective adsorption of the catalyst. However the hydrogenation reaction ofmono-aromatic took place faster than poly-aromaticKata kunci: gas chromatography, identifikasi senyawa, model minyak sintetis
IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI PENGHEMATAN ENERGI DI INDUSTRI KERTAS
Authors: Hasan Achmad
Published: June 2019

Identify potential energy savings is one way to optimize the supply and use ofenergy in industrial sector. Electrical energy supplied by PT. PLN (Persero) withinstalled power capacity of 30,000 kVA. Electrical energy to the productionprocess with a voltage of 20 kV through 11 (eleven) units transformer. Based onthe results of power quality measurements with HIOKI 3197 and HIOKI 3286-20show as seen in the previous section, it can be seen that: (a) load unbalancesseen from the voltage and current in the transformer MCC-01 and thetransformer E-34. (b) magnitude fluctuating voltage on the main transformerphase S and T. Even the relatively high voltage (up to 233 V) on the transformerlighting. (c) the power factor is around 0.92 is good enough, but the power factorat the transformer low enough E-34 which reached 0.56. The power factor ontransformer lighting value -1 (leading). (d) total harmonic distortion (THD) voltageand current transformer at some fairly high beyond the limit of tolerance. Thereare several potential energy savings that can be identified, among others:decrease the voltage and current THD, reduction of reactive power consumptionin lighting, improved load balancing.Kata kunci: energi, listrik, faktor daya, penghematan, filter harmonic
UJI PENINGKATAN MUTU BATUBARA PERINGKAT RENDAH SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Hartiniati Hartiniati
Published: June 2019

A study of coal upgrading by way of evaporative method using coal from SouthSumatra is conducted. Preliminary inestigation on Upgrading of Brown Coal(UBC) process using Central and South Banko coals suggests that the processcan be applied to both coals (called S-BK and C-BK) without any operationalproblem. It produces high quality-stable coals in the briquette form with a calorificvalue of more than 6,500kcal/kg. Moreover, its spontaneous combustioncharacteristic is also suppressed comparing to that conventional drying method.This is due to the addition of aspal (heavy oil) in the solution of kerosene, wherethe aspal then soaked in the micropore of to prevent reabsorption of water whenput in the air.Kata Kunci: upgrading brown coal, Banko coal, briket batubara, spontaneouscombustion
PENGEMBANGAN PROSES UPGRADING MINYAK BATUBARA: Pengaruh Temperatur, Tekanan dan Space Velocity
Authors: Yusnitati Yusnitati , Hanif Muhammad , Faizal M
Published: June 2019

Minyak batubara cair dengan titik didih 70-360oC, diperoleh dari proses pencairan batubara Tanito Harum menggunakan NEDOL Process skala pilot berkapasitas 150 ton/hari. Minyak batubara cair tersebut diupgrade untuk mengklarifikasi pengaruh temperatur reaksi, tekanan hidrogen, dan liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) terhadap aktifitas hidrodenitrogenasi. Pengujian dilakukan dalam reactor fixed bed kontinyu berdiameter 8.5 mm menggunakan katalis Ni- W/Alumina pada temperatur 300-375oC, tekanan hidrogen 8-12 MPa, LHSV 0.75-3.0 hr-1 dan rasio hydrogen/oil 1000 NL/L. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa aktifitas hidrodenitrogenasi meningkat dengan peningkatan temperature reaksi dan tekanan hidrogen. Pada tekanan hidrogen 8 MPa, deaktifasi katalis terjadi lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan tekanan hydrogen 12 MPa selama 15 hari waktu operasi. Selain itu, ditunjukkan pula bahwa pada operasi dengan LHSV yang lebih rendah dan tekanan hidrogen yang lebih tinggi akan lebih efektif untuk menurunkan atau menghilangkan senyawa nitrogen dalam proses upgrading minyak batubara cair. Sehingga, operasi pada tekanan hidrogen 12 MPa diharapkan dapat menghasilkan produk minyak batubara cair dengan kandungan nitrogen yang rendah untuk waktu operasi lebih dari satu tahun pada skala komersial. Kata Kunci: hidrodenitrogenasi, katalis Ni-W/Alumina, minyak batubara cair, upgrading