bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Seat at the Table: Examining the Designer’s Role in Health Equity Through the Social Determinants of Health
Authors:   Kansas State University, Kirchmer Kendra , Gillis Marin ,   Roseman College of Medicine
Published: September 2023

The global pandemic reveals the imperative for designers to collaborate with health professionals. Designers can and must understand the role the built environment plays in health outcomes for individuals and populations; and design educators can and must develop the knowledge and skills needed to position nascent design professionals to become leaders who advance systemic change towards health equity, which is helping all people have a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible. Designers already contribute to health outcomes through the design of hospitals and medical devices, however, if we consider that health is influenced by the places that one lives, works, and plays, the role of the designer in health is much more expansive. Health is not just about treatment of disease and illness. A range of factors, like access to education, employment, and healthy food, housing, and social cohesion, collectively known as the Social Determinants of Health (SDoH), play a significant role. Housing, workplaces, bus stops and corner stores, for example, are therefore parts of healthcare design. If equity is the goal of the designer and design professions broadly, then the necessary role of the designer in advancing health equity becomes obvious. Transdisciplinary collaborations between health and design professionals and educators in each domain must not only be advanced but prioritized to effectively address the complexities of health equity, the built environment, and the SDoH. For designers, this means that the territory of design in health must be broadened to include spaces and places not commonly thought of as healthcare design; and design educators must teach students to articulate the ethical ramifications of their designs and understand their agency as designers. Design decisions shape health. Consequently, design educators must prepare their students to marshal the power of design to advocate and realize systemic change, by improving health outcomes and ultimately creating an equitable and just 21st century built environment. Educational pilots between 2017-2020 beginning at the Florida International University College of Medicine in Miami, and later at the College of Architecture Planning and Design at KSU, Manhattan, KS serve as trasferable models for a transdisciplinary approach to teaching the SDoH in design and medical education, with the goal of promoting broader public health, empowering design and medical professionals to work collaboratively towards a just and equitable built environment.
Processos de aprendizagem sobre equidade para reflexão da prática social da Enfermagem
Authors: Castro Nádile Juliane Costa de , Araújo Jainara de Souza Araújo , Santos Raimundo Abreu dos , Castro Pâmela Correia , Santos Dayanne de Nazaré dos , Nascimento Monique Teresa Amoras , Mesquita Deisiane da Silva
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: descrever uma experiência de processo de aprendizagem sobre equidade, para reflexão sobre a prática social da Enfermagem. Método: relato de experiência, no qual se adotou a metodologia da problematização, com uso do procedimento do Arco de Maguerez, auxiliado por tecnologias digitais colaborativas e com múltiplas funcionalidades, via E-learning, que foi realizada entre agosto e dezembro de 2020, por uma universidade pública da região Norte do país. A experiência foi vinculada a uma atividade curricular intitulada “Exercício de Enfermagem” e contou com as participações de 36 alunos de graduação, 1 aluno de pós-graduação e 1 professor. O aporte teórico foi desenvolvido, via contribuições da Teoria da Atividade. Resultados: as estratégias mediadoras subsidiaram o aprendizado sobre práticas sociais, considerando as cinco etapas do Arco de Maguerez, explorando conceitos, determinantes estruturais e iniquidades em saúde e contextos macrossocial e microinstitucional, sinalizados por definições intermediárias em saúde a partir dos seguintes eixos temáticos: desigualdade, renda, racismo, assédio no SUS e vulnerabilidades. Os constructos sobre equidade e sobre vulnerabilidades sociais foram alinhados a estratégias de aprendizagem para avaliação formativa e somativas, considerando estudo de caso real escolhido pelo discente, as características da disciplina e os seus objetivos. Conclusão: a experiência oportunizou a discussão sobre equidade, por meio do protagonismo dos alunos e a inclusão de realidades e peculiaridades regionais, de modo crítico e reflexivo, sobre o papel social da Enfermagem em contextos de vulnerabilidade, embasando argumentações sobre transformações da sociedade e do sistema de saúde.
Dampak Embung Sempaja Terhadap Intensitas Kejadian Banjir Pada Simpang Empat Sempaja, Kota Samarinda
Authors: Agustin Tasya Yumna , Kadri Mohtana Kharisma , Pratomo Rahmat Aris , Mustofa Umar
Published: September 2023

Penanganan yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk mengatasi banjir yang terjadi pada simpang empat sempaja yaitu dengan pembangunan embung. Dampak dari keberadaan embung sempaja hanya mampu mengurangi durasi tergenangnya air banjir. Namun embung sempaja dinilai minim akan perawatan, hal ini dapat menyebabkan kurang optimalnya embung sempaja dalam menampung air. Dengan melihat permasalahan ini maka dilakukan pendelineasian area yang terdampak banjir untuk mengetahui area yang terdampak banjir sebelum dan sesudah adanya embung agar dapat menilai dampak embung sempaja terhadap intensitas kejadian banjir pada simpang empat sempaja. Metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan yaitu dengan Partisipatory Mapping atau pemetaan partisipatis.Dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif hasil pemetaan yang dilakukan masyarakat akan didapatkan hasil berupa peta luasan area yang terdampak banjir sebelum dan sesudah adanya embung yang akan dijelaskan secara deskriptif.
Analisis Spasial Pengembangan Kawasan Perkotaan Ranomeeto-Konda, Kabupaten Konawe Selatan
Authors: Arkam  , Hidayat Arief , Hijriah
Published: September 2023

Kawasan Perkotaan Ranomeeto-Konda merupakan dua wilayah kecamatan yang perkembangan fisik serta sosial ekonominya sangat cepat dibandingkan dengan kawasan perkotaan lain dalam wilayah Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Hal ini terjadi karena beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah kedekatan jarak dengan Kota Kendari yang berkedudukan sebagai Ibukota Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Dengan kata lain, perkembangan Kota Kendari sangat berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan Kawasan Perkotaan Ranomeeto-Konda. Dampak ikutan dari faktor tersebut menjadi isu sentral dan permasalahan perkembangan Kawasan Perkotaan Ranomeeto-Konda dimasa yang akan datang, pembangunan perkotaan dan perkembangan spasial yang begitu cepat. Rumusan Masalah Penelitian ini  adalh uyntuk mengetahui karakteristik perkembangan Kawasan Perkotaan Ranomeeto-Konda dalam perspektif spasial serta untuk mengetahui arahan pengembangan spasial Kawasan Perkotaan Ranomeeto-Konda.  Kawasan Perkotaan Ranomeeto-Konda adalah merupakan salah satu kawasan perkotaan di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan yang memiliki peran sebagai Pusat Pelayanan Kawasan (PPK) dalam struktur ruang wilayah Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Kawasan Perkotaan Ranomeeto-Konda ini memiliki posisi yang sangat strategis karena berada pada wilayah yang berbatasan langsung dengan Kota Kendari sebagai Ibukota Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Disisi lain juga didukung oleh tingkat aksesibilitas yang tinggi dengan adanya Bandara Udara Haluoleo. Kawasan Perkotaan Ranomeeto-Konda merupakan dua wilayah kecamatan yang yang perkembangan fisik serta sosial ekonominya sangat cepat dibandingkan dengan kawasan perkotaan lain dalam wilayah Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Hal ini terjadi karena beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah kedekatan jarak dengan Kota Kendari yang berkedudukan sebagai ibukota Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Dengan kata lain, perkembangan Kota Kendari sangat berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan Kawasan Perkotaan Ranomeeto-Konda.
The Effect of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise on Pain Scale and Range of Joint Movement in Elderly with Osteoarthritis in Work Area Puskesmas Simpang IV Sipin
Authors: Dewi Vivianti , Masyitah Dewi , Irmawati Irmawati
Published: September 2023

The cause of osteoarthritis is not clear, but there are risk factors that can increase osteoarthritis, one of which is age, which is a substantial factor in the occurrence of osteoarthritis. Pain in osteoarthritis interferes with the sufferer's activities and can also interfere with productivity. In addition, frequent joint pain will cause stiffness, which can cause limitations in joint motion. This study aims to determine the effect of closed kinetic chain exercise on the pain scale and joint range of motion in the elderly with osteoarthritis in the Simpang IV Sipin Health Centre, Jambi.

This type of research is quantitative using the Quasy Experiment research design. The sampling technique used was total sampling, with a complete sample of 46 respondents. The measuring tools used are an observation sheet and a goniometer.

The results of this study indicated that 26 elderly (56.5%) experienced moderate pain, and 20 elderly (43.5%) experienced severe pain. Respondents have a median degree of joint coverage of 72.50, a standard deviation of 37.968, the lowest degree of typical coverage is 200, and the highest is 115o. The Wilcoxon CKCE test results for the pain scale obtained Pvalue = 0.014; for joint range of motion, the Wilcoxon test results obtained Pvalue = 0.000. So it can be concluded from the Wilcoxon test results that closed kinetic exercise affects the pain scale and range of motion of the joints in the elderly with osteoarthritis in the Simpang IV Sipin Health Center work area.
ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻔﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺳﻳﺎﺏ
Authors: ﺩ. ﺟﻣﺎﻝ ﺟﻠﻳﻝ ﺇﺳﻣﺎﻋﻳﻝ
Published: September 2023

ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺩﻣﺔ ﻴﺒﻘـﻰ اﻟﺴـﻴﺎب ﺤـدﻴﺜﺎً ﻤﺘﺠـدداً ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤـّر اﻟﺴـﻨﻴن ﻴـ ازد أﻟﻘـﺎً وﺒﻬـﺎ ًء ﻟﻤـﺎ ﻴﺤﺘـﻝ ﻤـن ﻤﻛﺎﻨـﺔ أدﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻤﻴزة ﺒوﺼﻔﻪ ظﺎﻫرة ﻓﻨﻴﺔ وﻋﻠﻤﺎً ﻤن أﻋﻼم اﻟﺸﻌر اﻟﻌرﺒﻲ اﻟﺤدﻴث. وﻋﻨدﻤﺎ ﻴﻬم اﻟدارﺴون ﺒد ارﺴﺔ ﺒواﻋث اﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ اﻟﺸﻌرﻴﺔ اﻟﺤدﻴﺜﺔ ﻻﺒد ﻤن أن ﻴﻤـروا ﺒـﻪ وﻴدرﺴـوا ﺘﺠرﺒﺘـﻪ اﻟﻐﻨﻴـﺔ- وﻟﻤـﺎ ﻛـﺎن اﻟدارﺴـون واﻟﺒـﺎﺤﺜون ﻗـد أﺸـﺒﻌوا اﻟﺴـّﻴﺎب اﻟﺸـﺎﻋر ﺒﺤﺜـﺎً واﺴﺘﻘﺼــﺎ ًء وﺠــدت ﻤــن اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴــب د ارﺴــﺔ ﺠــزء ﻤــن ﻨﺘﺎﺠــﻪ اﻟﻨﺜــري ﻓﺒــدأت ﺒد ارﺴــﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﻻﺘــﻪ اﻟﺼﺤﻔﻴﺔ ٬ وﻫﻲ ﻤﺎﺤررﻩ اﻟﺴـّﻴﺎب وﻤـﺎ ﻛﺘﺒـﻪ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺼـﺤف واﻟﻤﺠـﻼت اﻟﻌ ارﻗﻴـﺔ واﻟﻌرﺒﻴـﺔ ﻛﺸـﻔت ﻟﻨﺎ آ ارءﻩ وﺘﻌﻘﻴداﺘﻪ ا ازء ظواﻫر اﻷدب وﻓﻨوﻨـﻪ اﻟﻤﺘﻌـددة اﻟﺘـﻲ أﻤﺎطـت اﻟﻠﺜـﺎم ﻋـن ﺠﺎﻨـب ﺨﻔـﻲ ﻤن ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻀﻤﻨت اﻟﻛﺜﻴر ﻤن اﻟﻤواﻗف واﻟﻤﺤطﺎت اﻟﺤﻴﺎﺘﻴﺔ اﻻدﺒﻴﺔ واﻟﻔﻛرﻴﺔ واﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ. ﻟﻘـد ﺘـرك ﻟﻨـﺎ اﻟﺴـﻴﺎب ﻤـﺎﻴﺠوز ﻟﻨـﺎ أن ﻨﺴـﻤﻴﻪ ﺘ ارﺜـﺎً ﻨﺜرﻴـﺎً وان ﻛﺎﻨـت أﻫﻤﻴﺘـﻪ ﻻﺘﻘـﺎرن ﺒﺄﻫﻤﻴـﺔ آﺜـﺎرﻩ اﻟﺸـﻌرﻴﺔ إﻻ اﻨـﻪ ازداد أﻫﻤﻴـﺔ ﺒﻤـرور اﻟـزﻤن ﻓﻬـو ﻤﻬـم ﻤـن دون ﺸـك ﻷﻨـﻪ ﻨﻀـﺢ ﻤـن ﻓﻛـرﻩ وأﺤﺎﺴﻴﺴـﻪ ﺤﻤـﻝ ذﻛرﻴﺎﺘـﻪ وﻫﻤوﻤـﻪ وﺘطﻠﻌﺎﺘـﻪ وﻤواﻗﻔـﻪ ا ازء ﻤظـﺎﻫر اﻟﻛـون واﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤـﻊ

 

واﻟﺤﻀﺎرة واﻹﻨﺴﺎن. ﻗدﻤﻬﺎ ﺒذﻫن ﻤﺘوﻗد ٬ وﺤﻴوﻴﺔ ﻤﺘدﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻛﺴت ﺸﺎﻋرﻴﺘﻪ اﻟﻔذة.

واﺴـﺘﻌﻨت ﻓـﻲ إﻨﺠـﺎز ﺠﻬـدي اﻟﻤﺘواﻀـﻊ ﺒﺎﻟﺼـﺤف اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺤـرر ﺒﻬـﺎ اﻟﺴـﻴﺎب ﻤﻘﺎﻻﺘـﻪ

وﺘﻀـﻤﻨت طروﺤﺎﺘـﻪ وا ارءﻩ وﻤواﻗﻔـﻪ ﻟﻛـون ﺒﺤﺜـﻲ ﺠـﺎء ﺤﺼـ اًر ﺒﻨﺸـﺎطﻪ اﻟﺼـﺤﻔﻲ وﻷن ﻏـﺎﻴﺘﻲ

ﻫﻲ ﺤﺼر ﻨﺘﺎﺠـﻪ اﻟﺼـﺤﻔﻲ واﻟوﻗـوف ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺎﺠـﺎء ﺒـﻪ اﻟﺴـﻴﺎب ﻛﺸـﻔﺎً وﺘﺤﻠـﻴﻼً واﺴـﺘﻘ ارء ارﺠﻴـﺎً

 

ان أﻛون ﻗد أﻋطﻴت اﻟﺴﻴﺎب ﺠزءاً ﻤن ﺤﻘوﻗﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ.
ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺳﻛﺭﻱ ﻟﻘﺑﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺟﻣﺎﻥ ﺿﺩ ﺁﻝ ﺳﻌﻭﺩ
Authors: ﺃ.ﻡ.ﺩ. ﻛﺭﻳﻡ ﻁﻼﻝ ﻣﺳﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﻛﺎﺑﻲ
Published: September 2023

ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﺒدوﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴرة اﻟﻌدد ﻗوﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﻛﻴﻤﺔ ٬ ﺼﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﻤ ارس ﺘﻨﺘﺴب اﻟﻰ ﻤذﻛر ﺒن ﻴـﺎم ﺒـن

ﺼـﺒﺎ ﺒـن ارﻓـﻊ ﺒـن ﻤﺎﻟـك ﺒـن ﺠﺸـم ﺒــن ﺨﻴـوان ﺒـن ﻨـوف ﺒـن ﻫﻤـدان ٬ وﻫﻤـدان ﺒطـن ﻤــن

ﻗﺤطﺎن (١) . وﻗد ﻟﻘﺒوا ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺠﻤـﺎن ﻨﺒﺴـﺔ اﻟـﻰ أﺤـد أﺠـدادﻫم اﻟـذي ﻛـﺎن ﻓـﻲ ﻟﺴـﺎﻨﻪ ﻋﺠﻤـﺔ (ﻟﻐﺜـﺔ)

 

وﻟﻴس ﻛﻤﺎ ﻴدﻋﻲ اﻟﺒﻌض ﺒﺎﻨﻬم ﻋﺠم (٢) .

وﻤـوطن ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﻘﺒﻴﻠـﺔ اﻻﺼـﻠﻲ ﻫـو اﻗﻠـﻴم اﻟﻨﺠـ ارن ٬ ﻨزﺤـت ﻤﻨـﻪ ﺸـرﻗﺎ ٬ ﻓﺴـﻛﻨت اﻗﻠـﻴم

اﻻﺤﺴــﺎء اﻟــﻰ اﻟﺠﻨــوب ﻤــن ﻤــوطن ﻗﺒﻴﻠــﺔ ﺒﻨــﻲ ﺨﺎﻟــد أﻴــﺎم ﺤﻛــم اﻻﻤﻴــر اﻟﺴــﻌودي ﺘرﻛــﻲ

 

ﺒن ﻋﺒد اﷲ (١٨٣٤-١٨٢٤) .

ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺳﻛﺭﻱ ﻟﻘﺑﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺟﻣﺎﻥ:

ظﻬـرت ﻗﺒﻴﻠـﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻤـﺎن ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺴـرح اﻻﺤـداث اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻨﺠـد اﻴـﺎم ﺤﻛـم ﺘرﻛـﻲ

ﺒن ﻋﺒد اﷲ ٬ ﻋﻨدﻤﺎ ﺤﺎوﻝ ﺸـﻴوﺨﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻘـرب ﻤـن اﻻﻤﻴـر اﻟﺴـﻌودي طﻤﻌـﺎ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺤﺼـوﻝ ﻋﻠـﻰ

ﺜﻘﺘـﻪ ﻓـﻲ أﻋطـﺎﺌﻬم ﻤﻛﺎﻨـﺎ أﻓﻀـﻝ ﻤـن ﻤـوطﻨﻬم اﻻﺼـﻠﻲ (اﻟﻨﺠـ ارن) ٬ وﻗـد ﻟﻘﻴـت ﺨطـﺘﻬم ﻫـذﻩ

أﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺴرﻴﻌﺔ ﻤن ﻗﺒﻝ اﻻﻤﻴر ﺘرﻛﻲ ﺒن ﻋﺒد اﷲ ٬ اﻟذي ﻛﺎن ﻴطﻤﺢ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻔوذ

ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺨﺎﻟد اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋرﻓت ﺒﻌداﺌﻬﺎ ﻟﺤﻛم آﻝ ﺴـﻌود . ﻟﻬـذا ﺴـﻤﺢ ﻟﻬـم ﺒـﺎﻟﻨزوﻝ ﻓـﻲ دﻴـﺎر ﺒﻨـﻲ

ﺨﺎﻟـد ٬ وﻗـدم ﻟﻬـم اﻟﻤﺴـﺎﻋدات اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻤﻛـﻨﻬم ﻤـن اﻋـﺎدة ﺘﻨظـﻴم اﻟﻘﺒﻠـﻲ اﻤـﻼ ﻓـﻲ اﻟوﻗـوف اﻟـﻰ

ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻪ ﺒوﺠﻪ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺨﺎﻟد ٬ ﻟﻠﺤد ﻤن ﻨﻔوذﻫﺎ (٣) .

اﺴـﺘطﺎﻋت ﻗﺒﻴﻠـﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻤـﺎن ﺘﺤـت ﻗﻴـﺎدة ﺸـﻴﺨﻬﺎ ﻓـﻼح ﺒـن ﺤﺜﻠـﻴن ان ﺘﺼـﺒﺢ ﻗـوة ﻤـؤﺜرة

ﺘﺨﺸــﺎﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﺎﺌــﻝ اﻟﻤﻨطﻘــﺔ ٬ ﻤﺼــدر أرﺒــﺎك ﻟﻛﻴــﺎن اﻟدوﻟــﺔ اﻟﺴــﻌودﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺴــﻬﺎ (٤) . وﺒــﺎﻟرﻏم ﻤــن

اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم اﻟذي ﺤظﻴت ﺒﻪ ﻫـذﻩ اﻟﻘﺒﻴﻠـﺔ ﻤـن ﻗﺒـﻝ اﻟﺤـﺎﻛم اﻟﺴـﻌودي ٬ اﻻ اﻨﻬـﺎ ﺴـرﻋﺎن ﻤـﺎ ﺜـﺎرت
ﺁﻟﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﻛﺎﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻭﻅﺎﺋﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺟﻌﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍﺋﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺗﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺟﺳﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺭﺣﻲ
Authors: ﺩ. ﻣﺻﻁﻔﻰ ﺗﺭﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺳﺎﻟﻡ
Published: September 2023

وﻟدت (اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎة) ﻤن رﺤم اﻟﺤﻴﺎة ٬ ﻓﻛﺸف اﻹﻨﺴـﺎن اﻟﺒـداﺌﻲ ﻋـن طرﻴﻘﻬـﺎ ٬ ﺒﻌﻀـﺎً ﻤـن

ﺼـﻴﻎ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴـر ﻋـن ﺤﺎﺠﺎﺘـﻪ وﻏ ارﺌـزﻩ ﻤﺜـﻝ (اﻟﺨـوف ٬ واﻟﺠـوع ٬ واﻟﻔـرح….. اﻟـﺦ) ٬ وذﻟـك ﺒﺘـﺄﺜﻴر

ﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠـﻪ وﺼـ ارﻋﻪ ﻤـﻊ اﻟطﺒﻴﻌـﺔ ٬ ﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠـﺔ ﺒوﺴـﺎﺌﻝ ﺘﺠﺴـدت ﺒﺎﻹﻴﻤـﺎءات واﻹﺸـﺎ ارت اﻟﺘـﻲ اﺘﺨـذت

ﻓﻴﻤــﺎ ﺒﻌــد ﺼــﻴﻐﺎً اﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴــﺔ ﻤﺜــﻝ اﻟرﻗﺼــﺎت اﻟﺘــﻲ ﻤﺎرﺴــﻬﺎ اﻹﻨﺴــﺎن ﻓــﻲ طﻘوﺴــﻪ اﻟدﻴﻨﻴــﺔ

 

واﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ٬ وﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤن ﺤرﻛﺎت ﻤوﻀﻌﻴﺔ واﻨﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ٕواﻴﻤﺎءات.

إﻻ إﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ذﻟك ﻟم ﺘﺨرج ﻋن وظﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺤﻴﺎﺘﻴـﺔ ﻓـ "اﻟرﻗﺼـﺎت اﻟﺒداﺌﻴـﺔ ﻟﻺﻨﺴـﺎن اﻷوﻝ

٬ ﻛﺎﻨـت ﺘﺘﻀـﻤن ﺤﻴوﻴـﺔ اﻟـرﻗص دون أن ﻴﻛـون ﻟﻬـﺎ طـﺎﺒﻊ اﻟﻔـن" (١) . وﺒﺘطـور ﺤﻴـﺎة اﻹﻨﺴـﺎن

وﺘﻌﻘــد ﺤﺎﺠﺎﺘــﻪ اﻟﻤﺎدﻴــﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﻨوﻴــﺔ ٬ ﺘطــورت وﺴــﺎﺌﻠﻪ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴرﻴــﺔ ٬ ﻓﺄﺼــﺒﺢ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴــر اﻟﺼــوﺘﻲ

أﻫﻤﻴﺘــﻪ ﻓــﻲ ﺘﻌزﻴــز ﺘﻠــك اﻹﻴﻤــﺎءات واﻹﺸــﺎ ارت اﻟﺤرﻛﻴــﺔ ٬ واﺤﺘﻠــت ﺒــذﻟك وﺴــﺎﺌﻠﻪ اﻟﺼــوﺘﻴﺔ

واﻟﺤرﻛﻴـﺔ ﻤﻛﺎﻨﺘﻬـﺎ ﻀـﻤن ﻤﻤﺎرﺴـﺎﺘﻪ اﻟطﻘﺴـﻴﺔ اﻟﺒداﺌﻴـﺔ واﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘطـورت ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﺒﻌـد إﻟـﻰ ﻤظـﺎﻫر

(ﺸﺒﻪ ﻤﺴرﺤﻴﺔ) ٬ وﻤن ﺜم إﻟﻰ ﺸﻛﻝ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻝ ﺒذاﺘﻪ ﺴﻤﻲ ﻻﺤﻘـﺎً ﺒـ (ﻓـن اﻟـد ارﻤﺎ) ٬ واﻟـذي ﺘﺠﺴـد

 

ﺒدورﻩ ﺒﺸﻛﻝ واﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ (اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة اﻹﻏرﻴﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻘدﻴﻤﺔ).

وﺘﺒﻠـور ﻋﻤـﻝ اﻟﻤﻤﺜـﻝ ﻛﻀـرورة وظﻴﻔﻴـﺔ (ﻨﻔﻌﻴـﺔ) ارﺘﺒطـت ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺒـﺎدة واﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺴـﺔ اﻟطﻘﺴـﻴﺔ

اﻟدﻴﻨﻴـﺔ ٬ وﻓﻨﻴـﺔ ﺘﺒﻌـت ﺠواﻨـب ذوﻗﻴـﺔ ارﺘﺒطـت ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺘﻌـﺔ ٬ وﻋﻠـﻰ وﻓـق ذﻟـك اﻛﺘﺴـب (اﻟﻤﻤﺜـﻝ

اﻟﻤﺴـرﺤﻲ) أﻫﻤﻴﺘـﻪ ﻤـن ﺘﺸـﻛﻝ اﻟظـﺎﻫرة اﻟﻤﺴـرﺤﻴﺔ ٬ وذﻟـك ﻤـن ﺤﻀـورﻩ وﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠـﻪ ﻤﻌﻬـﺎ ﻓـﻲ

ﺤدود ﺘﻨظﻴم ﻗد ارﺘﻪ وأﻤﻛﺎﻨﺎﺘﻪ اﻟذاﺘﻴﺔ (اﻟﺼوﺘﻴﺔ واﻟﺠﺴدﻴﺔ) ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎً ﻟﻤﺘطﻠﺒـﺎت اﻟﻤوﻗـف اﻟـد ارﻤﻲ

وﻤـﺎ ﻴﺘطﻠﺒـﻪ ﻤـن ﻤﺤﺎوﻟـﺔ ﺘطـوﻴر ﻗد ارﺘـﻪ وأدواﺘـﻪ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴرﻴـﺔ ٬ ﻓﻛـﺎن اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠـون "ﻴﺘﻠﻘـون دروﺴـﺎً

وﺘدرﻴﺒﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺘﻐرق ﻤﻨﻬم ﻛﺜﻴ اًر ﻤن اﻟﺘﻤرﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﻴوﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤرة واﻟﻤﺠﻬدة ٬ وﻟم

ﻴﻛن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻝ أن ﻴﺘﻘن ﻓن اﻟﻛﻼم ﻓﺤﺴب ﺒﻝ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻴﻪ أن ﻴﺤﻛم اﻹﻟﻘﺎء واﻹﻨﺸﺎد واﻟﻐﻨـﺎء

ﺒﻤ ارﻓﻘﺔ اﻟﻤوﺴﻴﻘﻰ" (٢) .
ﺟﺩﻟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺳﻔﺔ ﻳﻭﻫﺎﻥ ﻏﻭﺗﻠﻳﺏ ﻓﻳﺧﺗﻪ
Authors: ﻛﺭﻳﻡ ﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﻛﺭﻳﻡ
Published: September 2023

ﻟﻘد ﻏﻴرت اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ اﻟﺤدﻴﺜﺔ طرﻴﻘﺔ ﻨظر اﻟﺤﻀﺎرة اﻟﻐرﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻟم ٬ ﺒﻌد أن ﻛﺎﻨت ﻤﺤددة

ﺒﺎﻟﻨظ ارت واﻟﺘﺼـو ارت اﻟدﻴﻨﻴـﺔ واﻟﻼﻫوﺘﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺴـﺎدت أورﺒـﺎ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻘـرون اﻟوﺴـطﻰ ﻻﺴـﻴﻤﺎ ﻓـﻲ

إطﺎر اﻹﺸـﻛﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻘدﻴﻤـﺔ ٬ وﻨﻌﻨـﻲ ﺒﻬـﺎ ﻋﻼﻗـﺔ اﻟـوﻋﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻌـﺎﻟم * أو ﻤـﺎ ﻴطﻠـق ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻋﻼﻗـﺔ اﻟﻔﻛـر

 

ﺒﺎﻟواﻗﻊ.

ﻴﻘوﻝ ﻫﻴدﻏر ﻋن ﻋﺼر اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ اﻟﺤدﻴﺜﺔ إﻨﻬﺎ ﺒدأت (( ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻠﺤظـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺤـرر ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ

اﻹﻨﺴـﺎن ﻟﻴﻌـود إﻟـﻰ ذاﺘـﻪ ﻤـن ﺤﻴـث ﻫـو ذﻟـك اﻟﻛـﺎﺌن اﻟـذي ﻴﺘﻤﺜـﻝ ﺒـردﻩ ﻛـﻝ اﻷﺸـﻴﺎء إﻟـﻰ ذاﺘـﻪ

ﻛﺤﻛم أﻋﻠﻰ)) ٬ ١ أي إن ﻓﻬم اﻟﻌﺎﻟم أو اﻟواﻗﻊ اﺼﺒﺢ ﻴﺒدأ ﻤـن اﻹﻨﺴـﺎن ﺒوﺼـﻔﻪ ﺸـﻴﺌﺎ ﻤﻔﻛـ ار أو

وﻋﻴــﺎ ذاﺘﻴــﺎ. ﻟﻘــد ازدﻫــرت ﻫــذﻩ اﻟﻨزﻋــﺔ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﺘﺄﻤــﻝ أو اﻟﺘﻔﻛﻴــر ﻨﺘﻴﺠــﺔ ﻻﻨﻬﻴــﺎر اﻷﻨـــﻤوذج

اﻻرﺸــﺎدي (Paradigm) ** اﻟﻘروﺴــطوي ﻓــﻲ اﻟﺘﻔﻛﻴــر وﺒــروز ﻤــﺎ أطﻠــق ﻋﻠﻴــﻪ اﻟﻨزﻋــﺔ

 

اﻹﻨﺴـﺎﻨﻴﺔ ( Humanism ) *** اﻟﺴﺎﻋﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻫﻴﻤﻨﺔ اﻹﻨﺴﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟطﺒﻴﻌﺔ واﻟﻌﺎﻟم.

ﻟﻘد ﻛﺎن ﻤن أﻫـم اﻟﻌواﻤـﻝ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺠﻌﻠـت اﻟﻌﺼـر اﻟﺤـدﻴث ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺎ ﻋـن اﻟﻌﺼـر اﻟوﺴـﻴط

ﻫو (( ﺘﻘﻠص اﻟﻛﻨﻴﺴﺔ وازدﻴﺎد ﺴﻠطﺔ اﻟﻌﻠم )) ٬ ٢ وﻫـذا ﻤـﺎ أدى إﻟـﻰ ﺘﺤرﻴـر اﻹﻨﺴـﺎن ﻤـن ﺜﻘـﻝ

اﻟﺘـﺎرﻴﺦ واﻟﺘـ ارث واﻟﻼﻫـوت وﺒـروز ﺴـﻴطرﺘﻪ اﻟذاﺘﻴـﺔ واﻟﻔردﻴـﺔ ٣ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺴﺘﺘﺄﺴـس ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ طرﻴﻘـﺔ

وﺠـودﻩ وﺤﻘﻴﻘﺘـﻪ. إن ﺠﻤﻴـﻊ اﻟـﻨظم اﻟﻔﻠﺴـﻔﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻔﺘـرة اﻟﺤدﻴﺜـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻛـﻝ ﺴـﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺘﻤﺜـﻝ أو ﺘﻌﺒـر

ﻋـن ﻤﻤﺎرﺴـﺔ ذاﺘﻴـﺔ ﻤﺘﻨوﻋـﺔ ﻷﻓﻌـﺎﻝ اﻟﺘوﺤﻴـد ٬ أي اﻟﺘوﺤﻴـد ﺒـﻴن اﻟـوﻋﻲ واﻟﻌـﺎﻟم ﺒوﺴـﺎطﺔ ﻤﺒـدأ

اﻟﺘطﺎﺒق ﺒﻴن اﻟﻌﻘﻝ واﻟﻌﺎﻟم وﻫو ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌد ﻏﺎﻴﺔ اﻟﺤداﺜﺔ اﻷورﺒﻴﺔ. ﻓﺎﻹﻨﺴﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼر اﻟﺤـدﻴث

اﺼـﺒﺢ ﻤﺘﺼـو ار ﻟﻠﻌـﺎﻟم وﻤﺘﻤـﺜﻼ ﻟـﻪ وﻟـﻴس ﻤﺘﺴـﺎﺌﻼ ﻋﻨـﻪ ٬ ﻤﺘﺼـو ار ﻟﻤوﺠوداﺘـﻪ ﻛﻤوﻀـوﻋﺎت

ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ أﻤﺎم ذاﺘﻪ ٬ إﻨﻬﺎ اﻟذات اﻟﻤﻔﻛرة ﻋﻨد دﻴﻛﺎرت ﻤؤﺴس اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ اﻟﺤدﻴﺜﺔ ((وﺼﺎﺤب اﻟروح

اﻟﻤﻘداﻤـﺔ اﻟـذي ﺠﻌـﻝ ﻤـن اﻟـذات اﻷﺴـﺎس اﻟﻤﻘـوم واﻟﺒداﻴـﺔ اﻟﺠدﻴـدة ﻟﻛـﻝ ﻓﻠﺴـﻔﺔ ﺠدﻴـدة ﺘرﻴـد أن

ﺘﺘﺄﺴـس)) ٤ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺤـد ﺘﻌﺒﻴـر اﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴـوف اﻷﻟﻤـﺎﻨﻲ ﻫﻴﻐـﻝ. آﻤـﺎ ﺴـﺒﻴﻨو ار ﻓﻘـد ﻋـد اﻟذاﺘﻴـﺔ ﺠـوﻫ ار

ﻴﺘﺼـف ﺒـﺎﻟﻔﻛر واﻻﻤﺘـداد ٬ ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻘـﻝ واﻟﺠﺴـم ﺸـﺊ واﺤـد وﻟﻴﺴـﺎ ﺸـﻴﺌﺎن ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺎن ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻫﻤـﺎ ﻋﻨـد

دﻴﻛﺎرت ٬ ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻘﻝ ﻴﻨظر إﻟﻴﻪ ﻤن ﺨﻼﻝ ﺼـﻔﺔ اﻟﻔﻛـر ٬ أﻤـﺎ اﻟﺠﺴـم ﻓﻴﻨظـر إﻟﻴـﻪ ﻤـن ﺨـﻼﻝ ﺼـﻔﺔ

اﻻﻤﺘـداد. أﻤـﺎ اﻟﻔﻴﻠﺴـوف اﻷﻟﻤـﺎﻨﻲ ﻻﻴﺒﻨﺘـز ﻓﻘـد ﻋـد اﻟـذات ﻤوﻨـﺎد ( Monad ) **** واﺤـداً
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻳﺭ ﻋﺎﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺳﻣﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺧﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺑﺻﺭﻳﺔ ﻷﻏﺷﻳﺔ ﺍﻭﻛﺳﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺩﻳﺩﻳﻙ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻳﻘﺔ
Authors: ﻓﺎﺗﻥ ﺷﻛﻭﺭ ﺯﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺩﻳﻥ
Published: September 2023

ﻓـﻲ ﻫـذا اﻟﺒﺤـث ﺘـم ﺘﺤﻀـﻴر أﻏﺸـﻴﺔ رﻗﻴﻘـﺔ ﻤـن ﻤـﺎدة اوﻛﺴـﻴد اﻟﺤدﻴـدﻴك Fe 2 O 3

ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗواﻋد ﻤن زﺠﺎج اﻟﺒوروﺴﻠﻴﻛﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺨﻨﺔ ﻋﻨد درﺠﺔ ٬ 350C  وﺤﻀرت اﻷﻏﺸـﻴﺔ

ﺒﺎﺴــﺘﺨدام طرﻴﻘــﺔ اﻟــرش اﻟﻛﻴﻤﻴــﺎﺌﻲ اﻟﺤــ ارري. وﺘــم ﺘﺤﻀــﻴر اﻷﻏﺸــﻴﺔ اﻟرﻗﻴﻘــﺔ ﺒﺴــﻤك

ﻤﺨﺘﻠــف. وﺒﺤﺴــﺎب اﻻﻤﺘﺼﺎﺼــﻴﺔ واﻟﻨﻔﺎذﻴــﺔ ﻟﻬــذﻩ اﻷﻏﺸــﻴﺔ ﺘــم د ارﺴــﺔ ﺘﻐﻴــر ﻤﻌﺎﻤــﻝ

اﻻﻤﺘﺼﺎص ﻤﻊ طﺎﻗـﺔ اﻟﻔوﺘـون ﻛداﻟـﺔ ﻟﻠﺴـﻤك وﻛـذﻟك ﺘـم ﺤﺴـﺎب ﻓﺠـوة اﻟطﺎﻗـﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﻨوﻋـﺔ

ﻟﻸﻏﺸـﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻀـرة ٬ ﺤﻴـث وﺠـد إن زﻴـﺎدة اﻟﺴـﻤك أدى اﻟـﻰ زﻴـﺎدة ﻤﻌﺎﻤـﻝ اﻻﻤﺘﺼـﺎص

ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴن أن ﻫذﻩ اﻟزﻴﺎدة ﻟم ﺘؤﺜر ﻛﺜﻴ ار ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﺠوة اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﻨوﻋﺔ
ﺻﻭﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻧﺩﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺑﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ
Authors: ﺃ.ﻡ.ﺩ. ﺧﻣﻳﺱ ﺳﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻳﻣﻲ
Published: September 2023

ﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟزﻨدﻗﺔ اﻹﻟﺤﺎد ٬ وﻫﻲ اﻟﻛﻔر واﻹﻟﺤـﺎد ﺒﺎطﻨـﺎً ﻤـﻊ اﻟﺘظـﺎﻫر ﺒﺎﻹﻴﻤـﺎن ٬ وﻫـﻲ

ﻛﻠﻤـــﺔ ﻓﺎرﺴـــﻴﺔ (١) . وﻨﻼﺤـــظ إن ﻛﻠﻤـــﺔ زﻨـــدﻴق ﻗـــد اﻨﺘﻘﻠـــت اﻟـــﻰ اﻟﻠﻐـــﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﻴـــﺔ ﻤﻨـــذ اﻟﻌﻬـــد

اﻟﺴﺎﺴـﺎﻨﻲ ٬ (٢) وﻗـد أوﻀـﺢ اﻷﺼـﻤﻌﻲ ﻤﻌﻨـﻰ اﻟزﻨـدﻴق ﺤﻴـث ﻗـﺎﻝ: ﻤﺎﺘزﻨـدق ﻫـؤﻻء اﻟﻘـوم إﻻ

ﻟﺠﻬﻠﻬم ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﻴﺔ. وﻴﻘﺼد ﺒذﻟك أﻨﻬم ﻟم ﻴﻔﻬﻤوا ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ اﻵﻴﺎت اﻟﻘرآﻨﻴﺔ واﻷﺤﺎدﻴث اﻟﻨﺒوﻴﺔ

ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻴﺠـب وﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻓـﺈن اﻟزﻨدﻗـﺔ ﻤﺤﺼـورة ﻓـﻲ طﺒﻘـﺔ ﻤﺤـدودة ﻤـن اﻟﻤﻔﻛـرﻴن وأﺼـﺤﺎب اﻟـ أري

ووﺠدت ﻓﻲ اﻷﺠواء اﻟﺘﻲ ﻨﺸطت ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺤرﻛـﺔ اﻟﻔﻛرﻴـﺔ وﻻﺴـﻴﻤﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﻤـدﻴﻨﺘﻲ اﻟﺒﺼـرة واﻟﻛوﻓـﺔ.

وﻫﻨﺎك ﻤن ﺤدد ﻤﻌﻨـﻰ اﻟزﻨدﻗـﺔ ﺒﻠـوم ﻤـن اﻟﺘﻔﻛﻴـر واﻻﺠﺘﻬـﺎد اﻟﻤﻨﺤـرف ﻋـن ﺠـﺎدة اﻟﺼـواب (٣) .

وﺘطرق ﺒ اروﻨن اﻟﻰ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟزﻨدﻗﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ: إن اﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴر اﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎدي ﻫو أن (زﻨدﻴق) ﺼﻔﺔ ﻓﺎرﺴﻴﺔ

 

ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ (ﻤﻨﺒﻊ) أي اﻟزﻨد او اﻟﺸروح اﻟﻘدﻴﻤﺔ (ﻟﻼﻓﺴﺴﺘﺎ) وﻫو ﻛﺘﺎب ز اردﺸت (٤) .

ٕوان اﻟﻤﺎﻨوﻴــﺔ ﺴــﻤوا ﺒﺎﻟزﻨﺎدﻗــﺔ ﻟﻤــﻴﻠﻬم اﻟــﻰ ﺘﺄوﻴــﻝ اﻟﻛﺘــب اﻟﻤﻘدﺴــﺔ ﻟﻠــدﻴﺎﻨﺎت اﻷﺨــرى

وﺸـرﺤﻬﺎ ﺒﺤﺴـب آ ارﺌﻬـم ﺒطرﻴﻘـﺔ ﺘﺸـﺒﻪ اﻟﺘﺄوﻴـﻝ ﻋﻨـد اﻹﺴـﻤﺎﻋﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﺒﻌـد ٬ (٥) وأوﻀـﺢ ﻓـون

ﻛرﻴﻤﻴر إن اﻟزﻨﺎدﻗﺔ ﻛﺎﻨوا ﻴﻌﺘﻘدون ﺒﺎﻟﺜﻨوﻴﺔ وأﻨﻬم اﺘﺒﻌوا ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻴم ﻤﺎﻨﻲ ٬ وﻴﺜﺒـت ﺒﻤوازﻨـﺔ اﻟﺠـﺎﺤظ

ﻟﻛﺘب اﻟزﻨﺎدﻗﺔ ﻤن ﺤﻴث اﻟﻤﺤﺘوﻴﺎت واﻻﻋﺘﻨﺎء ﺒﺎﻟورق واﻟﺘزﻴن (٦) . واﻟزﻨﺎدﻗﺔ ﻟم ﻴﻛوﻨوا ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬم

ﻤﺎﻨوﻴـﺔ واﺴـم اﻟزﻨﺎدﻗـﺔ ﺘـدرج ﻤﻌﻨـﺎﻩ ﻓﺸـﻤﻝ ﺠﻤﻴـﻊ أﺼـﺤﺎب اﻟـدﻴﺎﻨﺎت اﻟﻔﺎرﺴـﻴﺔ اﻟـذﻴن ﻴظﻬـرون

 

اﻹﺴﻼم ﺜم ﺼﺎر ﻴﺸﻤﻝ اﻟﻤﻠﺤدﻴن واﻟﻤﺘﺸﻛﻛﻴن ﻓﻲ اﻟدﻴن (٧) .
Life-fertility Table for Maruca vitrata Fab. (Lepidoptera: pyralidae) on Cowpea
Authors: EKESI S. , OGUNLANA M.O. , DIKE. M.C.
Published: September 2023

Life-fertility table for the legume pod-borer, Maruca vitrata Fab. on cowpea was studied under laboratory conditions. The maximum daily mean progeny production per female was 116.16 on the 29th day of pivotal age. Estimate innate capacity for increase (re) and finite rate of increase (he) were 0.12 and 1.13, respectively. The net reproductive rate was 240.44′ and the mean generation time was 28.63 days.
Salting of Fish as a Means of Reducing Damage by Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera: Demerstidae)
Authors: AGBOLAGBA O.J. , OKONJI V.A. , ENOBAKHARE D.A.
Published: September 2023

The damage by the beetle Dermestes maculatus on salted and unsalted fish species namely Tilapia galilae, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Clarias garieopinus and Decaptera species was investigated in Benin, Nigeria.There was a significant difference between the attack of D. maculatus on the salted and unsalted fish species (P>O.05). The beetle affected scaleless fish more than scaly fishes. Beetles on the salted fish live for about 12±2 days while the longevity for those in the unsalted samples was 40±2 days. It is suggested that fishes be salted before smoking or drying since this reduces the attack of D.
maculatus.
Response of the Seed Beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F) to Differences in Seed Size in a Variety of Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp
Authors: OFUYA T.I.
Published: September 2023

This study investigated selective oviposition behaviour of the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) originating from Bomo (Nigeria), Burkina Faso and Sierra Leone when provided with cowpea, Vigna unguiculata· (L.) Walp. (California black-eyed variety) seeds of different sizes. Oviposition preference and effects of variation in seed size 011 food consumption, development, reproduction arid survival of the beetles were determined. Females of the three beetle populations always laid more eggs on the large seeds. More eggs were also laid on the medium seeds than on the small seeds. For each beetle population, seed size did not influence development time. Larvae generally consumed more food from large seeds and yielded heavier females which were more fecund. Larvae of beetles from Burkina Faso were generally more voracious. Significantly. more adults emerged from the large seeds than from the small seeds, following an initial density of 10 or more hatched eggs per seed. The results are discussed in relation to previously published reports.
Studies on the Nesting Behaviour and Control of the Graminivorous ant Messor galla Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Ilorin area of Nigeria
Authors: FASORANTI J. O.
Published: September 2023

Messor galla invaded parks and grounds at the University of Ilorin in 1994. This graminivorous ant constructs subterranean nests commonly on dark brown loamy sand soils on the lawns and elsewhere. Foraging for food and other materials are common in the dry season while nest clearing and minor duties are performed during rainy season. It is a diurnal insect with peak activities at noon when temperature is about 31.5 C, Trail lengths vary between 97 and 144 111 and the average nest crater measured 47.5 cm radius. Foraging activities also led to massive removal of planted grass wherever the nest occurs leading to economic loss apart from declining aesthetic values. Although, applications of Dieldrex 20 and Aldrex 40 gave little measure of control, Gammalin 20 proved best in the control of the ants.
Toxicity of two Pyrethroids, OMS-1998 AND OMS-1821 to the Tsetse fly, Glossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy) and their Persistence in the environment
Authors: ANAVHE A.O.
Published: September 2023

The toxicity and persistence of two pyrethroids, OMS-1998 and OMS 1821 were studied by bio-assay tests with laboratory bred Glossina p. palpalis R-D. Pieces of blue cotton fabric material (100cm x 85cm) were impregnated with 19.59mg 5% OMS-1998 and 176.47mg 25% OMS-1821 respectively. Control was treated with distilled water and all the targets were exposed to weathering conditions in the field. Two samples were cut from the targets on the first day of exposure and subsequently at two weeks intervals. Test flies were maintained-at about 24 C to 26 C and 75% to 88% relative humidity before and after experiments and were last fed a day before treatment. In the first four weeks fly mortality was 100% and knockdown was followed by death within 24 hours post treatment. There were variations in fly mortality in the last eighth weeks but knockdown was followed by recoveries and then death at 48 hours post treatment. Female’ Glossina p. palpalis were more tolerant of both compounds than males. Both compounds have long residual longevity but OMS-1998 proved superior in residual effect on targets and being more effective against tsetse flies.
Exponential Distance Transform Maps for Cell Localization
Authors: Li Bo , Chen Jie , Yi Hang , Feng Min , Yang Yongquan , Bu Hong
Published: September 2023

Cell localization is an important area of medical image analysis, which is dedicated to predicting the precise location of cells in an image. The existing localization paradigm is to predict the density map using a Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) model based on vanilla convolution and then process the density map using a local maximum search strategy to obtain the cell location and number information. However, there are three main problems in this paradigm: 1) CNN models based on vanilla convolution have difficulty in handling large variations in cell color; 2) The density map is difficult to provide accurate cell location information and ideal gradient information, and the information loss is more obvious in dense regions; 3) The post-processing strategy of density maps is susceptible to background noise and mutual interference between negative and positive cells. To tackle the above issues, we have made a comprehensive update of the existing paradigm, which consists of three parts: 1) A multi-scale gradient aggregation module based on difference convolution to effectively mitigate the challenge of large variations in cell color; 2) A new exponential distance transform map that provides accurate cell location information along with ideal gradient information for model learning; 3) A post-processing strategy named cell center localization strategy based on location maps that can significantly improve the localization performance. Extensive experiments on multiple datasets show that our approach can substantially improve cell localization and counting performance, establishing a new baseline for the cell localization task, and thereby increasing the efficiency of computer-aided diagnosis.
PACE: Point Annotation-Based Cell Segmentation for Efficient Microscopic Image Analysis
Authors: Khalid Nabeel
Published: September 2023

Cells are essential to life because they provide the functional, genetic, and communication mechanisms essential for the proper functioning of living organisms. Cell segmentation is pivotal for any biological hypothesis validation/analysis i.e., to get valuable insights into cell behavior, function, diagnosis, and treatment. Deep learning-based segmentation methods have high segmentation precision, however, need fully annotated segmentation masks for each cell annotated manually by the experts, which is very laborious and costly. Many approaches have been developed in the past to reduce the effort required to annotate the data manually and even though these approaches produce good results, there is still a noticeable difference in performance when compared to fully supervised methods. To fill that gap, a weakly supervised approach, PACE, is presented, which uses only the point annotations and the bounding box for each cell to perform cell instance segmentation. The proposed approach not only achieves 99.8% of the fully supervised performance, but it also surpasses the previous state-of-the-art by a margin of more than 4%.
Report on the test of the prototype of a cleaning device for painting tools
Authors: Joppe Michael
Published: September 2023

Report on the test of the prototype of a cleaning device for painting tools by Jakob Sadighi. The Device is already patented for some years. The Prototype has been tested to verify the effiency and features.
A Floating Memristor Emulator with Inverse Frequency Characteristic
Authors: YR Ananda , Raj Nehal , Trivedi Gaurav
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a novel memristor emulator with inverse frequency characteristics. This emulator is configured using only four NMOS transistors and an external capacitor. The proposed memristor emulator acts as a memristor and generates a pinched hysteresis loop (PHL). Its lobe area increases with an increase in the operating frequency. Its numerical analysis is performed using Cadence Virtuoso employing TSMC 180nm PDKs. The inverse frequency behaviour of the proposed memristor emulator is evaluated at different operating frequencies, temperatures, and other process corners. The correctness and reliability of the proposed emulator are validated through post-layout simulation. The area utilization and power consumption of the proposed emulator are 354.66 µm2 and 291.78 µW . Its functionality is verified by conducting a physical experiment using ALD1106 n-channel MOSFETs. Its applicability is further validated by designing a chaotic oscillator and a NOR gate.
Digital Twins of Supply Chains: A Systems Approach
Authors: Jesus Vitor
Published: September 2023

We tackle the long-standing problem of digitalisation of Supply Chains, focusing on collaboration and sharing of information. By expanding and generalising the notion of Digital Twins, we review, develop, and conceptualise the (emerging) notion of Digital Twins of Supply Chains (DTofSC). Whereas Digital Twins is now an active research area with data available from numerous industry projects, its application to Supply Chains is just emerging as a cross-discipline which, in turn, stems from decades of maturing the notion of Digital Supply Chains. The concept is still imprecise beyond key metaphors (e.g., visibility, traceability, control, etc.), but, as we conceptualise, the overall vision is to create technical and organisational mechanisms enabling any Supply Chain to be monitored and controlled from, e.g., a simple dashboard screen – taking parallels with the Internet. We perform a literature review on the intersections between Digital Supply Chains, Digital Twins, and emerging digital technologies (e.g. Blockchain). From this review, we (1) propose a synthesis systems architecture of DTofSC, (2) identify a key requirement gap (that we term addressability), and (3) to ground our contributions, apply our systems architecture to battery recycling. 
Predicting Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Dementia with Adversarial Attacks
Authors: Baytas Inci
Published: September 2023

Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease plays a crucial role in treatment planning that might slow down the disease's progression. This problem is commonly posed as a classification task performed by machine learning and deep learning techniques. Although data-driven techniques set the state-of-the-art in many domains, the scale of the available datasets in Alzheimer's research is not sufficient to learn complex models from patient data. This study proposes a simple yet promising framework to predict the conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The proposed framework comprises a shallow neural network for binary classification and a single-step gradient-based adversarial attack to find an adversarial progression direction in the input space. The step size required for the adversarial attack to change a patient's diagnosis from MCI to AD indicates the distance to the decision boundary. The patient's diagnosis at the next visit is predicted by employing this notion of distance to the decision boundary. We also present a potential application of the proposed framework to patient subtyping. Experiments with two publicly available datasets for Alzheimer's disease research provide evidence that the proposed framework can address predicting MCI-to-AD conversion and subtyping by only training a shallow neural network.
Design and Analysis of Inductive Power Transfer System Using Nanocrystalline Flake Ribbon Core
Authors: Wang Yibo
Published: September 2023

Research on the magnetics design of inductive power transfer using nanocrystalline flake ribbon cores. We have proposed a design methodology to ensure a high power density as well as a superior efficiency than traditional MnZn ferrite. 
The Influence of Demographic Factors on Emoji Usage and Perception
Authors: Brijesh Diya
Published: September 2023

The role of communication in human interactions is paramount, with diverse forms of communication shaping our interactions daily. This study delves into the intricate realm of interpersonal communication, specifically focusing on text messaging—a predominant mode of communication among the global population. With a staggering 4.2 billion texters worldwide, texting has become a rapid and convenient multitasking avenue. However, the rise of texting introduces a substantial nonverbal component: emojis. Emojis, universally used, possess varied interpretations dependent on demographic backgrounds. This research endeavors to explore the extent to which demographic factors—age, gender, and race—affect the usage and perception of emojis in nonverbal communication.

Through a comprehensive review of literature, it is evident that emoji usage is contingent on demographic attributes. The investigation employs a survey and chi-square analysis to gauge the correlation between demographic variables and emoji usage/perception. The results indicate a rejection of the null hypothesis, revealing correlations between demographic factors and distinct emotional emoji classifications. This research reinforces the existing claim of a positive correlation between age groups and the level of irony conveyed by emojis, particularly pronounced in Generation Z. Similarly, gender exhibits a positive correlation with specific emoji usage. Furthermore, the research addresses the racial dimension, revealing correlations in terms of similarities rather than differences.

The implications of this study extend to several domains. In linguistics, sociology, and psychology, understanding how demographic factors influence emoji perception contributes to comprehending communication patterns within diverse groups. In marketing and advertising, insights into diverse emoji perceptions aid in tailoring effective strategies for various target audiences. As technology becomes ubiquitous, promoting inclusivity and catering to diverse user needs remains pivotal. This research offers a stepping stone for future studies exploring additional demographic factors' impacts on emoji usage and delving into the broader psychological and social ramifications of this correlation.
Healthcare Internet of Things (IoT): A Survey of State-of-the-art Methods and Approaches
Authors: Victor Okhuese Alexander , Intizar Ali Muhammad
Published: September 2023

The field of the Internet of Things (IoT) is expanding rapidly and shows the potential to completely transform the healthcare sector. The integration of machine learning algorithms in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) systems has shown the potential to revolutionize healthcare by enabling efficient, accurate, and privacy-preserving services. However, the limitations of existing IoMT models pose significant challenges that need to be addressed to achieve sustainability in their adoption. Some of these challenges include energy consumption, complex data scheduling, low-latency models, privacy, joint offloading, limited data, and data security. There is a need to explore various novel architectures, develop new training and optimization techniques such as generative adversarial networks and stochastic gradient descent variants, and developed interpretative models to help in the decision-making process. Additionally, designing IoMT models that are suitable for low-resource environments and addressing ethical and fairness issues are crucial to preventing bias and discrimination, particularly in healthcare domains. In general, this paper reviews the current state of the art of IoMT and existing models and suggests various areas for further improvement to address the limitations of IoMT systems and enable the development of more efficient, accurate, and privacy-preserving healthcare services.
Expressing Even Numbers Beyond 6 as Sums of Two Primes
Authors: Zaman Budee U
Published: September 2023

The “strong Goldbach conjecture” posits that any even number exceeding 6 can be represented as the sum of two prime numbers. This study explores this hypothesis, leveraging the constancy of odd integer quantities and cumulative sums within positive integers. By identifying odd prime numbers, pα1 and pα2, within [3, n] and (n, 2n-2) intervals, we demonstrate a transformative process grounded in the unchanging nature of odd number counts and their cumulative sums. Through this process, we establish the equation 2n =pα1 + pα2, offering a significant stride in unraveling the enigmatic core of the strong Goldbach conjecture.
High-frequency light conversion to solar power in Farnsworth Fusor: Challenges and Procedures
Authors: Jaff Geby
Published: September 2023

The Farnsworth fusor is a device that achieves nuclear fusion through electrostatic confinement of plasma in a vacuum chamber. This paper documents the process of constructing a custom fusor and using it to investigate harvesting energy from fusion reactions. A glass chamber with was constructed to house the fusor’s wire cages and sustain vacuum. A high voltage supply ionizes injected deuterium gas, creating fusion reactions and plasma. To capture energy, solar cells with plastic scintillators were arranged facing the fusor. The scintillators emit light when struck by x-rays, concentrating energy onto the solar cells. Data showed solar cells coupled to scintillators produced up to 333% higher voltage than control cells, supporting that this method boosts energy yield. However, limitations were found in maintaining vacuum and high voltage operation. Solutions are proposed, including machined metal vacuum components and a clock-controlled Cockcroft-Walton rectifier circuit. Further research could optimize scintillator configurations to focus x-rays onto solar cells using optics like the Kirkpatrick-Baez configuation. This experiment provides valuable insights into constructing and optimizing fusors. Key results support integrating plastic scintillator and solar cell systems to maximize energy harvested from fusion reactions.
In-network DDoS detection and mitigation using INT data for IoT ecosystem
Authors: Altangerel Gereltsetseg , Tejfel Máté
Published: September 2023

Due to the limited capabilities and diversity of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, it is challenging to implement robust and unified security standards for these devices. Additionally, the fact that vulnerable IoT devices are beyond the network’s control makes them susceptible to being compromised and used as bots or part of botnets, leading to a surge in attacks involving these devices in recent times. We proposed a real-time IoT anomaly detection and mitigation solution at the programmable data plane in a Software-Defined Networking (SDN) environment using Inband Network telemetry (INT) data to address this issue. As far as we know, it is the first experiment in which INT data is used to detect IoT attacks in the programmable data plane. Based on our performance evaluation, the detection delay of our proposed approach is much lower than the results of previous Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) research, and the detection accuracy is similarly high.
Gene Frequencies of ABO and Rh(D) Blood Group Alleles in Five Yemeni Provinces
Authors: M. Al-Nahari Ashraf
Published: September 2023

This study aims to determine the distribution pattern and gene frequency of the ABO and Rh(D)  blood groups in five Yemeni Provinces and compare it with other studies in the world. Methods: The study comprises a total of 1113 healthy blood donors donating in blood banks, Hospitals, primary health centers situated in five Yemeni Provinces, namely Abyan, Al Jawf,  Al Hudaydah, Amran and Lahij. ABO and Rh(D) blood groups were determined by standard methods. Calculations for allelic frequency were based on Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Results: The O blood group was highly distributed: (78.79% (0.88714), 64.62% (0.80177), 63.73% (0.79895) and 60.4% (0.7773) in Al Jawf, Lahij, Al Hudaydah and Abyan, respectively). However, the lowest frequency 53.58% (0.73326) was in Amran, followed by the A blood group which was higher in Amran 34.25% (0.26375). The lowest frequency was in Al Jawf 23.05% (0.08358). The B blood group was highly distributed 10.29% (0.0640) in Abyan and the lowest frequency 5.07 % (0.02846) was in Al Jawf. The AB blood group had also a low frequency. The Rh-positive blood group frequencies were 96.32% O>A>B>AB, and O> A>B among Rh negative donors. Al Jawf  Province population had a phenotypic distribution of the Rh-positive blood group of 95.93%. The Rh(D)  and d allelic frequency was found to be 0.79826. Abyan, Al Hudaydah, Lahij and Amran had Phenotypic distribution and allelic frequencies of the Rh-positive blood group of 95.35% (0.74213), 94.58% (0.76719), 93.47% (0.74446) and 91.58% (0.70054) respectively. Conclusion: The frequency of ABO blood groups in both Rh positive and negative subjects among the five Yemeni Provinces was O>A>B>AB.
An Association Between Celiac Disease Specific Autoantibody and Infertility in Male: Across Sectional Study
Authors: Jasim Mohsin Azhar , Ibrahim Rahim Ali
Published: September 2023

Background:The male infertility   is considered  a health problem ,which attributed to many factors such as genetic ,environmental , previous infections, bad lifestyle and others.these factors have been reported in previous studies.However, this study aimed  to determine the effect of anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (IgA-tTG)as celiac disease product on the male infertilityObjective: This study was aimed to find out the incidence of celiac disease-specific antibodies, which is known as IgAanti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (IgA-tTG) in the group of  infertile male in Al-Najaf city  by across sectional study.
Comparative Assessment of the Immunological Significance of Semaphorin 5A and Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies in Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mohammed Khalil Ismail Abid , Oglah Ali Abdul-Ameer , Alosami Mohammed Hadi , Al-hijazi Athraa Y
Published: September 2023

The objective of this research was to assess the predictive potential of Semaphorin 5A in comparison to Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide antibodies for forecasting disease progression and treatment responses among Iraqi patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Conducted as a case-control study, the investigation encompassed a total of 150 participants, comprising 100 RA patients and 50 healthy individuals. The study took place at Baghdad Teaching Hospital over the period from November 2021 to February 2022. Enrolled participants were selected based on the 2010 criteria established by the American College of Rheumatology. The levels of biomarkers were assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The findings demonstrated a noteworthy elevation in the levels of both ACCP and Semaphorin 5A among RA patients compared to the control group (p<0.001). Furthermore, these levels were found to be higher in individuals with active disease as opposed to those with inactive disease. In both active and inactive disease states, the levels of both ACCP and Semaphorin 5A remained considerably higher compared to the levels observed in the healthy control group (p<0.001). In patients who had not undergone treatment, the levels of both ACCP and Semaphorin 5A exhibited considerably greater significance compared to those who received Methotrexate or etanercept (p<0.001). A noteworthy and positive correlation was observed between ACCP and Semaphorin 5A, with a correlation coefficient of 0.476 (p<0.001). The sensitivity for ACCP and Semaphorin 5A was determined to be 72% and 83% respectively, while the specificity values were 98% and 76%. The study's conclusion highlighted the promising prognostic potential of both ACCP and Semaphorin 5A, establishing them as potential biomarkers for distinguishing between Rheumatoid Arthritis patients and healthy individuals. Predict disease activity and response to methotrexate or etanercept. Active disease patients and without treatments patients ACCP and Semaphorin5A levels were higher than inactive and received treatments (methotrexate or etanercept).
A FORMAÇÃO ÉTNICO-RACIAL NOS CURSOS DE LICENCIATURA DE DUAS INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO SUPERIOR PÚBLICAS BAIANAS
Authors: Renata Meira Veras  , Vitória Batista Calmon de Passos  , Mariana Giulia Chaves Prates  , Milena Amorim dos Santos
Published: September 2023

Introdução. A obrigatoriedade do ensino de História e Cultura Afro-brasileira e Indígenas nos Ensinos Fundamental e Médio em todas as disciplinas escolares foi instituída legalmente no Brasil em 2003 e 2008, respectivamente. Diante disso, faz-se necessário analisar a formação de professores, especificamente, como tem se dado a inclusão de temáticas e questões étnico-raciais no contexto da formação curricular. Objetivos. Para tanto, busca-se analisar a abordagem das questões étnico-raciais nos componentes curriculares obrigatórios dos cursos de licenciatura da UFBA e da UNEB. Metodologia. Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter comparativo, realizada através de análise documental associada à análise de similitude, com suporte do software Iramuteq. Organização do artigo. Como parâmetros teóricos foram consideradas as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) para a Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais, bem como as Leis de n° 10.639/03 e 11.645/08; foram analisadas 1004 ementas de componentes curriculares de 30 cursos de licenciatura da UFBA. Destes, 27 componentes curriculares apresentaram em seu texto alguma abordagem da temática étnico-racial (2,68%). Já na UNEB, foram analisados 3.654 componentes curriculares, de 69 cursos de licenciatura. Destes componentes, 550 ementas apresentaram abordagens da temática étnico-racial (15,05%). Considerações Finais. Observou-se, então, que ambas as universidades estão de acordo com o que é proposto pelas DCN e as Leis n° 10.639/03 e nº 11.645/2008. No entanto, em relação à carga horária total do curso, não há uma proporcionalidade satisfatória de conteúdos étnico-raciais nos currículos dos cursos de licenciatura das duas instituições, especialmente da UFBA. Além disso, ficou evidente que a combinação de métodos foi fundamental para a compreensão ampliada e sistematizada do tema na formação docente pública do estado da Bahia.
Sleep parameters in patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a case-control study
Authors: Boaventura Martins1 Rafaela , Rita Azeredo Bittencourt2 Lia , Bezerra Botelho1 André , Carolina Lima Resende1 Ana , Silva Gomes1 Paula , Tufik2 Sergio , Lobo Krupok Matias1 Simone , Raquel Soares1 Maria , Alberto de Castro Pereira1 Carlos
Published: September 2023

Objective: To compare patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP) and controls with normal spirometry in terms of their sleep characteristics, as well as to establish the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal hypoxemia. Secondary objectives were to identify factors associated with OSA and nocturnal hypoxemia; to correlate nocturnal hypoxemia with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and lung function, as well as with resting SpO2, awake SpO2, and SpO2 during exercise; and to evaluate the discriminatory power of sleep questionnaires to predict OSA. Methods: A total of 40 patients with cHP (cases) were matched for sex, age, and BMI with 80 controls, the ratio of controls to cases therefore being = 2:1. The STOP-Bang questionnaire, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Berlin questionnaire and the Neck circumference, obesity, Snoring, Age, and Sex (NoSAS) score were applied to all cases, and both groups underwent full-night polysomnography. Results: The patients with cHP had longer sleep latency, lower sleep efficiency, a lower AHI, a lower respiratory disturbance index, fewer central apneas, fewer mixed apneas, and fewer hypopneas than did the controls. The patients with cHP had significantly lower nocturnal SpO2 values, the percentage of total sleep time spent below an SpO2 of 90% being higher than in controls (median = 4.2; IQR, 0.4-32.1 vs. median = 1.0; IQR, 0.1-5.8; p = 0.01). There were no significant differences between cases with and without OSA regarding the STOP-Bang questionnaire, NoSAS, and ESS scores. Conclusions: The prevalence of OSA in cHP patients (cases) was high, although not higher than that in controls with normal spirometry. In addition, cases had more hypoxemia during sleep than did controls. Our results suggest that sleep questionnaires do not have sufficient discriminatory power to identify OSA in cHP patients.