bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deworming women of reproductive age during adolescence and pregnancy: what is the impact on morbidity from soil-transmitted helminths infection?
Authors: Vegvari Carolin , Giardina Federica , Bajaj Sumali , Malizia Veronica , Hardwick Robert J. , Truscott James E , Montresor Antonio , de Vlas Sake J , Coffeng Luc E , Anderson Roy M
Published: January 2021

Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are a major cause of poor health in low- and middle-income countries. In particular, hookworm is known to cause anaemia in children and women of reproductive age (WRA). One goal of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2030 roadmap for neglected tropical diseases is to reduce STH-related morbidity in WRA. As a minimal intervention the WHO recommends deworming adolescent girls annually during human papilloma virus vaccination programmes and women of reproductive age (WRA) during pregnancy and lactation. These routine interventions are low cost can be implemented even from the most basic health services in endemic countries. In this study we use a cohort model to investigate the potential impact on STH-related morbidity in WRA.Results: Annual deworming treatment of adolescent girls reduces the prevalence of M&HI infections in this age group by up to 60% in moderate transmission settings and by 12-27% in high-transmission settings. Treatment of WRA during pregnancy and lactation on its own has a small but significant effect on morbidity although it does not lead to the achievement of the morbidity target (<2% moderate-to-high intensity infections) in this age group. However, depending on the age-intensity profile of infection, which may vary geographically, and assumptions on the density-dependence of egg production by fertilised female worms, continued school-based treatment may be able to reduce the force of infection acting on WRA, both through an indirect effect on the overall population based force of infection and via reducing the burden of infection as children age and move into the WRA age classes. As a result, morbidity in WRA may be eliminated.Conclusion: While deworming during pregnancy and lactation does not lead to the achievement of the morbidity target in WRA and its efficacy may vary by setting, it is still expected to be beneficial for maternity and child health. Monitoring of any WRA-based intervention is recommended to evaluate its effectiveness.
Growth in ataxia telangiectasia
Authors: Natale Valerie , Cole Tim J , Rothblum-Oviatt Cynthia , Wright Jennifer , Crawford Thomas , Lefton-Greif Maureen , McGrath-Morrow Sharon , Schlechter Haley , Lederman Howard M.
Published: January 2021

Background Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a DNA repair disorder that affects multiple body systems. Neurological problems and immunodeficiency are two important features of this syndrome. At this time, two main severity groups are defined in A-T: classic (the more severe form) and mild. Poor growth is a common problem in classic A-T. An objective of this study was to develop growth references for classic A-T. Another objective was to compare growth patterns in classic A-T and mild A-T with each other and with the general population, using the CDC growth references. A final objective was to examine the effects of chronic infection on height. Results We found that classic A-T patients were smaller overall, and suffered from height and weight faltering that continued throughout childhood and adolescence. When compared to the CDC growth references, the median heights and weights for both male and female patients eventually fell to or below the 3rd centile on the CDC charts. Height faltering was more pronounced in females. Birthweight was lower in the classic A-T group compared to mild A-T and the general population, whereas birth length was not. Finally, we investigated height and BMI faltering in relation to number of infections and found no association. Conclusions Classic A-T appears to affect growth in utero. Although children appear to grow well in very early life, faltering begins early and is unrelenting.
COVID-19 Health Communication Networks on Twitter: Identifying Sources, Disseminators, and Brokers
Authors: Kim Ian , Valente Thomas W.
Published: January 2021

Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19)’s devastating effects on the physical and mental health of the public are unlike previous medical crises, in part because of people’s collective access to communication technologies. Unfortunately, a clear understanding of the diffusion of health information on social media is lacking, which has a potentially negative impact on the effectiveness of emergency communication. This study applied social network analysis approaches to examine patterns of #COVID19 information flow on Twitter. A total of 1,404,496 publicly available tweets from 946,940 U.S. users were retrieved and analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the structures of retweet and mention networks and identification of influential users: information sources, disseminators, and brokers. Overall, COVID-19 information was not transmitted efficiently. Findings pointed to the importance of fostering connections between clusters to promote the diffusion in both networks. Lots of localized clusters limited the spread of timely information, causing difficulty in establishing any momentum in shaping urgent public actions. Rather than health and communication professionals, there was dominant involvement of non-professional users responsible for major COVID-19 information generation and dissemination, suggesting a lack of credibility and accuracy in the information. Inadequate influence of health officials and government agencies in brokering information contributed to concerns about the spread of dis/misinformation to the public. Significant differences in the type of influential users existed across roles and across networks. Conceptual and practical implications for emergency communication strategies are discussed.
Institutional Perspectives on Faculty Development for Digital Education in Canada
Authors: VanLeeuwen Charlene A. , Veletsianos George , Belikov Olga , Johnson Nicole
Published: January 2021

As digital education at the post-secondary level continues to grow, robust professional development that prepares faculty to teach in online and blended settings is necessary. In this study we analyze open-ended comments from the Canadian Digital Learning Research Association’s annual survey of Canadian post-secondary institutions (2017-2019) to deepen our understanding of faculty training and support for digital education as articulated by higher education institutions. We find that 1) digital education orientation or on-boarding processes for faculty vary widely; 2) institutions employ an extensive array of professional development practices for digital education; 3) institutions report culture change, work security, and unclear expectations as challenges in providing digital education training and support; and 4) institutions articulate aspirations and hopes around professional development investments in order to build digital education capacity. These findings have significant implications for research and practice and we describe these in the article.
The endangered status of Patella ferruginea in a limpet assemblage hotspot (Plane Island: South West Alboran, Mediterranean Sea): Local distribution factors and species abundance
Authors: Kallouche Mohammed El Mustapha , Benaissa Noureddine , Rouane-Hacene Omar , Soufi Mohammed El Amine , Bouderbala Mohamed , Bouras Djilali , Mouffok Salim
Published: January 2021

Limpets constitute an important key species in the intertidal zone. The limpets’ assemblage is evaluated in Plane Island (Paloma Island, Algerian West coast) by detailed censuses which were performed in 8 zones in the main island and 9 islets. Results allowed the estimation of a total population of 3993 of the endangered Patella ferruginea (1.78ind/m), 1861 P. rustica (0.82ind/m), and 383 of the blue Mediterranean limpet P. caerulea (0.17 ind/m). The ferruginous limpet distribution around Plane Island was influenced by abiotic factors as hydrodynamics and the sea current direction. Conversely, anthropogenic factors had an important impact despite the island's distance from the mainland. This study finds that in the face of global warming, the island surface will be reduced, however limpets will have an important contribution to the island's areas and its conservation of biodiversity.
Gut Microbiota and Human Body Interactions; Its Impact on Health: A Review
Authors: Hajiagha Mahdyeh Neghabi , Taghizadeh Sepehr , Asgharzadeh Mohammad , Dao Sounkalo , Ganbarov Khudaverdi , Köse Şükran , Kafil Hossein Samadi
Published: January 2021

Gut microbiota (GM), as an organ of the human body, has a particular and autonomous
function that is related to it. This review aims to investigate human intestinal and gut microbiota interaction
and its impact on health. As a creation referable database about this dynamic and complex organ,
several comprehensive projects are implemented by using culture-dependent (culturomics), culture-
independent methods (e.g., metagenomics, mathematics model), and Gnotobiological together.
This study was done by searching PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar database in the gut, health
microbiota, and interaction keywords. The first acquired microbiota during pregnancy or childbirth is
colonized in the gut by using specific and non-specific mechanisms. Its structure and shape reach relative
stability with selection pressure along with host development until adulthood and keeps its resilience
against external or internal variables depending on the host’s genetics and negative feedback.
According to research, individuals have 2 functional group microbiotas, including the core (common
between vast majorities human) and flexible (transient population) microbiome. The most important
role of the GM in the human body can be summarized in three basic landscapes: metabolic, immune
system, and gut-brain axis interaction. So, the loss of microbial population balance will lead to disorder
and disease.
The Role of Retinoblastoma Protein in Cell Cycle Regulation: An Updated Review
Authors: Roufayel Rabih , Mezher Rabih , Storey Kenneth B.
Published: January 2021

Selected transcription factors have critical roles to play in organism survival
by regulating the expression of genes that control the adaptations needed to handle
stress conditions. The retinoblastoma (Rb) protein coupled with the E2F transcription
factor family was demonstrated to have roles in controlling the cell cycle during freezing
and associated environmental stresses (anoxia, dehydration). Rb phosphorylation or
acetylation at different sites provides a mechanism for repressing cell proliferation that is
under the control of E2F transcription factors in animals facing stresses that disrupt
cellular energetics or cell volume controls. Other central regulators of the cell cycle
including Cyclins, Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), and checkpoint proteins detect DNA
damage or any improper replication, blocking further progression of cell cycle and
interrupting cell proliferation. This review provides an insight into the molecular
regulatory mechanisms of cell cycle control, focusing on Rb-E2F along with Cyclin-Cdk
complexes typically involved in development and differentiation that need to be
regulated in order to survive extreme cellular stress.
Nicotinamide as a Foundation for Treating Neurodegenerative Disease and Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Maiese Kenneth
Published: January 2021

Neurodegenerative disorders impact more than one billion individuals worldwide and
are intimately tied to metabolic disease that can affect another nine hundred individuals throughout
the globe. Nicotinamide is a critical agent that may offer fruitful prospects for neurodegenerative
diseases and metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus. Nicotinamide protects against multiple
toxic environments that include reactive oxygen species exposure, anoxia, excitotoxicity, ethanolinduced
neuronal injury, amyloid (Aß) toxicity, age-related vascular disease, mitochondrial dysfunction,
insulin resistance, excess lactate production, and loss of glucose homeostasis with pancreatic
β-cell dysfunction. However, nicotinamide offers cellular protection in a specific concentration
range, with dosing outside of this range leading to detrimental effects. The underlying biological
pathways of nicotinamide that involve the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated
protein kinase (AMPK), and mammalian forkhead transcription factors (FoxOs) may offer insight
for the clinical translation of nicotinamide into a safe and efficacious therapy through the modulation
of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. Nicotinamide is a highly promising target for the
development of innovative strategies for neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic disease, but
the benefits of this foundation depend greatly on gaining a further understanding of nicotinamide’s
complex biology.
Prediction of Nitration Sites Based on FCBF Method and Stacking Ensemble Model
Authors: Liu Min , Zhang Lu , Qin Xinyi , Huang Tao , Xu Ziwei , Liu Guangzhong
Published: January 2021

Background:

Nitration is an important Post-Translational Modification (PTM) occurring
on the tyrosine residues of proteins. The occurrence of protein tyrosine nitration under disease
conditions is inevitable and represents a shift from the signal transducing physiological actions of -
NO to oxidative and potentially pathogenic pathways. Abnormal protein nitration modification can
lead to serious human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, acute respiratory distress, organ
transplant rejection and lung cancer.

Objective:

It is necessary and important to identify the nitration sites in protein sequences. Predicting
which tyrosine residues in the protein sequence are nitrated and which are not is of great significance
for the study of nitration mechanism and related diseases.

Methods:

In this study, a prediction model of nitration sites based on the over-under sampling strategy
and the FCBF method was proposed by stacking ensemble learning and fusing multiple features.
Firstly, the protein sequence sample was encoded by 2701-dimensional fusion features
(PseAAC, PSSM, AAIndex, CKSAAP, Disorder). Secondly, the ranked feature set was generated
by the FCBF method according to the symmetric uncertainty metric. Thirdly, in the process of model
training, the over- and under- sampling technique was used to tackle the imbalanced dataset. Finally,
the Incremental Feature Selection (IFS) method was adopted to extract an optimal classifier
based on 10-fold cross-validation.

Results and Conclusion:

Results show that the model has significant performance advantages in indicators
such as MCC, Recall and F1-score, no matter in what way the comparison was conducted
with other classifiers on the independent test set, or made by cross-validation with single-type feature
or with fusion-features on the training set. By integrating the FCBF feature ranking methods,
over- and under- sampling technique and a stacking model composed of multiple base classifiers,
an effective prediction model for nitration PTM sites was built, which can achieve a better recall
rate when the ratio of positive and negative samples is highly imbalanced.
Recent Development in Indole Derivatives as Anticancer Agent: A Mechanistic Approach
Authors: Devi Neha , Kaur Kamalpreet , Biharee Avadh , Jaitak Vikas
Published: January 2021

Background:

Cancer accounts for several deaths each year. There are multiple FDA approved drugs for cancer treatments. Due to the severe side effects and multiple drug resistance, the current drug therapies become ineffective. So, the newer moieties with fewer toxic effects are necessary for the development.

Objective:

The mechanism of indole derivatives as anti-cancer agents with their major target is explored in detail
in this article.

Methods:

Recent advances and mechanism of indole derivatives as anti-cancer agents are reviewed. This review suggests a detailed explanation of multiple mechanisms of action of various indole derivatives: cell cycle arrest, aromatase inhibitor estrogen receptor regulator, tubulin inhibitor, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, topoisomerase inhibitors, NFkB/PI3/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors, through which these derivatives have shown promising anti-cancer potential.

Results:

A full literature review showed that the indole derivatives are associated with the properties of inducing apoptosis, aromatase inhibition, regulation of estrogen receptor and inhibition of tyrosine kinase, tubulin assembly, NFkB/PI3/Akt/mTOR pathway, and HDACs. These derivatives have shown significant activity against cancer cell lines.

Conclusion:

Indole derivatives seem to be important in cancer via acting through various mechanisms. This review has shown that the indole derivatives can further be explored for the betterment of cancer treatment, and to discover the hidden potential of indole derivatives.
Synergistic Interactions between GW8510 and Gemcitabine in an In Vitro Model of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Rüstem Duygu Gençalp , Atay Sevcan , Aydin Hikmet Hakan , Ak Handan
Published: January 2021

Background:

One of the main reasons for the poor survival rates of pancreatic cancer patients is the
development of gemcitabine resistance, indicating that novel treatment strategies that have the ability to improve
gemcitabine sensitivity are in need to combat this devastating disease.

Methods:

TCGA PAAD data was used to determine the clinicopathological significance of high RRM2 (Ribonucleotide
reductase subunit M2) expression for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The effects of
GW8510 and gemcitabine on PANC-1 cell viability were determined using WST-8 assay. The potential synergistic
interaction between GW8510 and gemcitabine was evaluated by the Combination Index (CI) analysis.
The effects of GW8510 treatment on apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell migration, either in combination with gemcitabine
or alone, were investigated. The effect of GW8510 on RRM2 protein levels was evaluated using ELISA
assay.

Results:

RRM2 is significantly over-expressed in PDAC compared to healthy pancreatic tissues (p <0.0001).
RRM2 mRNA expression was found to be significantly correlated with the overall survival rate of patients
(HR=2.17 [1.44-3.27], p=0.00016) and the pathological stages of the disease (p=0.0054). GW8510 significantly
decreased the RRM2 protein levels compared to the control. Cell viability analysis showed that GW8510 has
a similar effect to gemcitabine in inhibiting PANC-1 cell viability. GW8510 was found to synergize with gemcitabine
to inhibit PANC-1 cell viability and migration. However, the effects of GW8510 on PANC-1 cells
could not be explained by induction of apoptosis or cell cycle arrest.

Conclusion:

Targeting RRM2 using GW8510 may have the potential to increase gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic
cancer.
Influence of Heterogeneity, Typology, and Contaminants of Recycled Aggregates on the Properties of Concrete
Authors: da Silva Neto Gilberto A. , de Oliveira João P. V. , Salles Pedro V. , de Vasconcelos Barros Raphael T. , Paulino Maria T. , dos Santos White J.
Published: January 2021

Background:

The depletion of raw material resources, the preservation of the environment, and the need to compensate economic imbalances drive research efforts regarding the application of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) in concretes.

Objective:

This paper aimed to assess the influence of the heterogeneity, typology, and presence of contaminants of CDW (collected in different seasons and locations) on the mechanical properties and durability of concretes.

Methods:

Characterization procedures were performed for the aggregates (visual quantification and physical properties of the constituents), and for the concretes (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength test, modulus of elasticity, water absorption, porosity, electrical resistivity, carbonation depth, and digital microscopy). The replacement rate of natural aggregate for CDWA was of 20% in three different particle sizes: sand, gravel 0, and gravel 1.

Results:

The characteristics of the samples of CDW were very variable, influenced by the season and location of collection. The presence of materials with elevated porosity (ceramics, mortars) was observed in some samples and required increases in mixing water volume to keep the concretes’ consistency. A wide variation in mechanical properties caused by the CDWA constituents was also observed. Regarding the durability of the concretes, it was proven the greatest sensibility of this property to contaminants, thus requiring the removal of deleterious materials to using CDWA in structural concretes in order to avoid the formation of vesicles and guaranteeing their life span.

Conclusion:

The heterogeneity, typology and contaminant content significantly influence the analyzed properties. Besides, the segregation of waste at source makes the use of CDWA feasible in concretes.
Speciation and Infrageneric Classification in the Planktonic Dinoflagellate Tripos (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae)
Authors: Gómez Fernando
Published: January 2021

Background::

The genus Tripos, formerly known as marine species of Ceratium, is the
dinoflagellate with the greatest number of species and infraspecific taxa (~800) due to the high
morphological intraspecific variability of numerous species. In the past, the species of Tripos were
proposed into distinct genera.

Objective::

To propose an infrageneric classification and to review the taxonomy and nomenclature
of each taxon in order to establish the correct species and synonymy.

Method::

Observations from the Mediterranean Sea, and Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, a review of
the original descriptions and further literature, and the available molecular data.

Results::

A re-instatement of this generic split is not justified due to the difficulties to circumscribe
the basal subgenera Amphiceratium and Archaeceratium, and the polyphyletic character of Biceratium.
The subgenus Amphiceratium is dismembered after the classification of the sections Inflata
and partially Fusiformia into Archaeceratium. The subgenus Tripos (autonym) replaces other
names such as Tripoceratium or Orthoceratium. Based on the original descriptions, the records of
T. furca and T. lineatus correspond to T. eugrammus and T. furca, respectively, and T. macroceros
has been reported as T. contrarius. The names T. belone and T. carriensis have been misapplied for
T. pacificus and T. volans, respectively. Tripos arcuatus, T. gracilis, T. inclinatus, T. scapiformis
and T. subcontortus are revived to replace T. euarcuatus, T. declinatus, T. horridus, T. longirostrum
and T. contortus, respectively. The species T. ramakrishnae and T. fusus var. schuettii were
described from individuals infected by endoparasites. Tripos rotundatus comb. nov. is proposed for
C. digitatum var. rotundatum.

Conclusion::

Tripos is restricted to 57 correct species, although the speciation and synonymy are
incomplete due to lack of studies in the life cycle and molecular data.
Study on Sewage Sludge-based Activated Carbons with Natural Mineral Modification for Enhanced Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wang Guoqiao , Yao Sicong , Chen Yao , Wang Meicheng , He Lizhi
Published: January 2021

Activated carbons were prepared from sewage sludge by chemical activation
with pyrolusite (PAC) and lithium-silicon powder addition (LSAC) to develop effective
adsorbents for the removal of Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) metal ions from aqueous
solution. Both modifiers with an optimum dosage of 1% (wt.) were demonstrated to exhibit
important effects on the formation of the adsorbent’s pore structure. PAC and LSAC
showed 17.06% and 8.38% higher BET surface area than the common one without modification
(AC). The XPS result showed that after modification, the hydroxyl and carboxyl
groups on modified activated carbons surface were remarkably improved compared with
the ordinary carbon. The adsorption results in single ion solution showed that the metal
ions’ removal rates were 13~29% and 20~43%, respectively, by LSAC and PAC compared
with AC’s. Adsorption isotherm and kinetics studies showed that the adsorption of
heavy metal ions onto the modified adsorbents was well-fitted by the Langmuir isotherm
and could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In a multi-ions solution
system, the produced carbons showed high affinity and good selective adsorptive capacity
on Cu (II), Pb (II) removal, while an improvement in adsorption of Cd(II) and Cr(III) was
observed. It will help a lot in wastewater industries due to its efficiency and low-price.
SARS-CoV-2 Enfeksiyonlu İki Çocukta Akut Apandisit Yönetimi
Authors: Özcan Sıkı Fatma , Sekmenli Tamer
Published: January 2021

Kurumumuzda SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu durumunda akut apandisitli 2 çocuğu (5,15 yaş) tanımlıyoruz ve olası bir ilişki olduğunu düşündürüyoruz. SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonlu kişi ile temas öyküsü olan ve şiddetli gastrointestinal semptomları olan hastalarda bu enfeksiyon için test yapmanın gerekli olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.
Acreditation Certificate Acreditation No. 21/E/KPT/2018 Article Tools Print this article Indexing metadata How to cite item Email this article Email the author About The Authors Naziha Diyanatur Rosiyah Brawijaya University Indonesia Study Program Agroecotechnology Department Plant Pes and Disease Ayu Wike Widiasari Brawijaya University Indonesia Study Program Agroecotechnology Department Plant Pes and Disease Achmad Roekhan Brawijaya University Indonesia Study Program Agroecotechnology Department Plant Pes and Disease Restu Rizkyta Kusuma University of Brawijaya Indonesia Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture About RJLS Aim and Scope Editorial Board Reviewer Acknowledgement Publication Ethics Visitor Statistic Information for Author Author Guidelines (online version) Online Submission Guideline Online Registration Author Fees Download Template User You are logged in as... riris_rjlsub My Profile Log Out Tools Mendeley User Guide Insert Citation using Mendeley Journal Index Visitor Statistic Notifications View (227 new) Manage Journal Content Search Search Scope Browse By Issue By Author By Title Information For Readers For Authors For Librarians Keywords Acute Coronary Syndrome Antioxidant Avicennia marina Bali Strait Bioremediation CODIS 13 DPPH Eucheuma cottonii ICP11 Litopenaeus vannamei Macrobrachium rosenbergii Morphology Pandanus Physalis minima RFLP SOD Sardinella lemuru WSSV birth weight fermentation rats Consortia of Indigenous Rhizobacteria to Control Bacterial Wilt in Ginger
Authors: Diyanatur Rosiyah Naziha , Wike Widiasari Ayu , Roekhan Achmad , Rizkyta Kusuma Restu
Published: January 2021

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a type of rhizome plant that has high potential to be developed in Indonesia as a medicinal plant or spice. Inhibiting factors in ginger production is Ralstonia solanacearum which causes bacterial wilt disease. Rhizobacteria is a potential biological agent to control the disease. It is necessary to review from various study on rhizobacteria both the use of antagonistic bacteria singly or in a consortia. Aimed to analyze various sources of scientific literature regarding the potential of antagonistic bacteria singly or consortia compared to synthetic bactericides in controlling of R. solanacearum. The results showed that three recommended antagonist bacteria were found, namely Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus thuringiensis. which has the potential to control bacterial wilt disease. The rhizobacterial consortia are more effective as a sustainable, safe and environmentally friendly control on bacterial wilt disease with a percentage of disease incidence 10%. In addition, the rhizobacterial consortia are three and six times more effective than the single antagonistic bacteria and bactericides respectively.
Compressive Strength and Water Absorption of Pavement Derived from Palm Oil Eco Processed Pozzolan (EPP) Material as Partial Cement Replacement
Authors: Mohd Kusaimi Nurul Farhanah , Hamzah Fazlena , Jai Junaidah , Md Zaki Nurul Asyikin , Ibrahim Norliza
Published: January 2021

Eco Processed Pozzolan (EPP) is derived from Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) by the calcination process via heat treatment in the palm oil refining industry. EPP can be used as a partial replacement of cement as it contains a high amount of silica and has pozzolanic properties. Besides its properties, the sustainable production of EPP in the palm oil industry, abundantly available, and cheaper raw material have opened an opportunity to explore it as a cement substitute in pavement industries. This research aimed to study the properties of pozzolanic EPP and discover its potential as a partial substitute of cement in the pavement block's development. The compressive strength and water absorption of the formulated pavement block using EPP were analyzed in this study. Two sets of paving blocks were developed, namely, Set A, EPP was added as a partial replacement of the cement in pavement formulation at 20% - 90%, while in Set B, integration of EPP and Fly Ash (FA) was used as a partial replacement of the cement. The results indicated that the maximum addition of EPP into pavement formulation was 20%. The increment of EPP as a cement substitute in a formulation of more than 20% has reduced the compressive strength and increased the water absorption of the pavement. Simultaneously, the addition of FA and EPP in the formulation of hybrid pavement in Set B shows that the addition of FA has improved the compressive strength of the pavement and less water absorption was detected. The pavement’s highest compressive strength by addition of FA was 36MPa at the EPP was added of 15 – 20%. The study indicated that EPP could be used as a partial substitute of the cement, but addition of FA might require to improve pavement compressive strength.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Orang Tua terhadap Penyakit Pneumonia dan Imunisasi Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) di Indonesia
Authors: Saputri Erlika , Endarti Dwi , Andayani Tri Murti
Published: January 2021

PCV immunization has been proven to be effective in preventing pneumonia, but the immunization coverage is still low in Indonesia. Good parental knowledge about pneumonia and PCV vaccine is an important factor that can support the coverage of PCV immunization. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of parental knowledge about pneumonia and PCV immunization and to know the factors that influence it. This study obeservasional design with a multi-center cross-sectional approach. Data was collected using survey to parents in 5 Provinces in Indonesia which were Provinces of DIY, Lampung, Sulawesi Tengah, Kalimantan Tengah, and Jawa Barat using convenience sampling. Study instrument consisted of questionnaire to determine sociodemographic characteristics and level of knowledge. Data was analyzed and presented descriptively and statistically using the Mann Whitney test. The results showed of 500 respondents had mean score of knowledge 80.6% ± 12.8% and median of knowledge 84.6%. Low knowledge was observed in the item of PCV immunization was not yet included in national program of immunization in Indonesia with percentage of respondents’ correct answer was 24.6%. There was significant difference in the score of knowledge about pneumonia and PCV immunization within different groups in the respondents’ characteristics of expenditure per month (p=0.001), number of responsibilities (p=0.007), experience of hearing illness (p=0,000), experience of illness (p=0.046), experience of hearing vaccines (p=0,000), and vaccine information sources (p=0.024). This study suggests the need of regular education programs for community in Indonesia to improve knowledge regarding pneumonia and PCV immunization.
Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Kandungan Alkohol Pada Kosmetik
Authors: Nurkhasanah Nurkhasanah , Nurul Amalya , Albab Farah Qistih
Published: January 2021

Perception is an individual response about something that can be influenced by knowledge. Good individual knowledge of alcohol will affect their perception of alcohol-containing product.  The MUI fatwa permits the use of alcohol in cosmetics. The purpose of this study was to observe the perception of alcohol content in cosmetics. The observation was carried out using a questionnaire technique with a nonprobability sampling technique with accidental sampling. The questionnaire was conducted by Pearson correlation test, validity test, reliability test, normality test, chi-square test, and description. In this study, using 98 respondents and get an average value of knowledge about cosmetics 6,73 with SD value of 0,49; knowledge of alcohol 4,54 with SD 1,17 and behavior with SD 1,46. There is a relationship between age with the level of cosmetic knowledge with p-value <0.05. As many as 46.94% stated, the halal label's urgency on cosmetics is very important and 39.80% is important, where the religion of the individual influences the urgency level of cosmetics halal. The urgency of halal labels on cosmetics is high in line with the behavior when buying cosmetics. The 81.63% of respondents stated that halal labels on cosmetic products affect the interest in buying cosmetics. As many as 61.24% of respondents have the perception that halal cosmetics do not contain alcohol. The Pearson halal label correlation test confirms this obtained a p-value value of 0.024 that the halal label influences respondents' perceptions. Individuals were having a perception that cosmetics with halal labels do not contain alcohol, which is influenced by halal labels' knowledge.
In-vitro and In-vivo Determinations of Sun Protection Factors (SPF) of Skin Lotions Containing Mountain Papaya Fruit and Mangosteen Peel Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Sasongko Heru , Advaita Natasya , Lestari Ratih Guswinda , Aidid Karimah Umar
Published: January 2021

Indonesia is a high sun exposure country. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) causes various kinds of skin disorders such as erythema, sunburn, aging, and cancer. Mountain papaya fruit (Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC.) and mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) contains metabolite compounds that can protect the skin from sunlight because of its antioxidants activity. The purpose of this study to determine whether the combination of the mountain papaya fruit and mangosteen peel extracts in skin lotion can be used as sun protectors through the in-vitro and in-vivo study. The experiment was done by extracting the mountain papaya fruit and mangosteen peel through the maceration method. The extracts were formulated into skin lotion in three different formulas with the ratio of mountain papaya fruit extract: mangosteen peel extract as follows F1(1:1), F2(1:3), and F3(3:1). In vitro test was done by using UV-VIS spectrophotometry to determine the SPF value and in vivo test was used erythema-induced rats by exotera beam light. The result of in vitro test gained a high enough SPF value for all three formulas F1=23,23; F2=21,70 and F3=28,64 and the result of in vivo test showed that all three formulas did not indicate the existence of erythema value.         It can be concluded that three skin lotion formulas containing mountain papaya fruit and mangosteen peel ethanol extract have the effect of sun protection.
Screening of Extraction Process and The Estimation of Total Alkaloids in Carica papaya Linn. Leaf
Authors: Devi Sisca , Ropiqa Meri , Murti Yosi Bayu , Nugroho Akhmad Kharis
Published: January 2021

The papaya leaf decoctions have been widely used as a traditional treatment for malaria. The alkaloid of papaya leaves, carpaine, is reported to have the antiplasmodial activity in vitro. The industrial-scale commercial product development requires the quantification of the carpaine, and total alkaloids in the papaya leave as the raw materials. This study aims to optimize the extraction process leading to the highest yield and total alkaloids. The extraction process was carried out using different methods and solvents. The first method was maceration with the water-miscible solvent of ethanol: distilled water: HCl 37% (89: 10: 1 v/v/v). The second method was maceration with the water-immiscible solvent of dichloromethane solvents in pH 8-9 with ammonium hydroxide. The third method was digestion with acid water solvent of 0.05 N HCl. The identification of alkaloids employed the analysis using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Dragendroff reagent. The quantification of carpaine used a densitometer, while the spectrophotometric method was used to estimate the total alkaloids. The results showed that despite the extraction methods used, the tested extracts confirm the alkaloids content with the highest yield of 3.09% (84.72% of total alkaloids).
Effect of Swiftlet’s (Collocalia Fuciphago) Nest Extract on the Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxyde Dismutase (SOD) Activity on Hyperglycemic Rattus Norvegicius
Authors: Alexandra Francisca Diana , Frethernety Agnes , Trinovita Elsa , Triawanti Triawanti
Published: January 2021

Hyperglycemia that occurs in diabetic Mellitus leads to glycation reactions in protein molecules and oxidative stress resulting in damage to cells and organs. Swiftlet’s nest believed society could lower blood glucose. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Swiftlet’s nest (Collocalia fuciphago) extract on glucose level, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity in blood serum. The study used Posttest-Only with Control Group Design, consisting of 1 control group (given aqua dest) and 3 treatment groups (dose 1; 10 and 100 mg/kg BW). Each group consisted of 6 Rattus norvegicius. Before being treated, Streptozotocin-induced rat at a dose of 68 mg/kg BW intraperitoneal. On the 7th day after induction, rats had elevated glucose ± 102 - 108 mg/dL. Then the rats were given water extract Swiftlet’s nest for 28 days orally. All data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney test, with a 95% confidence level. The results of blood glucose levels in each group (K, P1, P2 and P3) were 111.0 vs 88.5 vs 86 vs 83 mg / dL (p = 0.035), MDA levels experienced an increase in the treatment group compared to controls namely 193.50 vs 193.83 vs. 198.50 nmol / mL, p = 0.001. While the SOD enzyme activity has increased, namely 0.0050 vs. 0.0075 vs. 0.0263%. In conclusion, Swiftlet’s nest water extract can reduce blood glucose levels and increase MDA levels and SOD enzyme activity in blood serum.
Evaluation of Gastroprotective Activity of Cemot Leaves (Passiflora foetida L.) Extracted by Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Lesions in Rats
Authors: Trinovita Elsa , Fatmaria Fatmaria
Published: January 2021

Peptic ulcers are one of the global health problems in the world. However, most of these drugs have unwanted side effects and drug interactions that this research focuses on the use of plant products as an anti gastric ulcer. The phytochemical of Passiflora foetida L. leaves or better known by the name of the Central Borneo with 'Cemot' such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannin has potential as a gastroprotective. This study used the method of extraction of non-conventional, namely the UAE, because it has advantages compared with other conventional methods. This study aims to investigate the gastroprotective activities of ethanol extract of Passiflora foetida leaves-UAE. Cemot extract was obtained by UAE method using a concentration of ethanol (70%), the ratio of sample/liquid (10g/mL) for 3 minutes. Three groups of rats treated with a respective dose of the extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW), one group of rats treated with omeprazole 36 mg/kg BW for seven days before peptic ulcer induction using ethanol. The activity gastroprotective with measurement of lesion of gastric ulcer index and the percentage of inhibition ulcer. Group of rats treated with 200 mg/kg BW extract showed a decreased the ulcer index and ulcer inhibition than the other extract dosage groups, respectively 2.83 and 35.34%. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study concluded that the cemot extract has potential as a gastroprotective.
ARS y sistemas sociales: enfoques interdisciplinarios para el análisis de la estructura social
Authors: Oliva Miguel , Chuchco Nicolás Vladimir
Published: January 2021

El presente ensayo se enfoca en identificar posibles aportes del análisis de redes sociales (ARS) al análisis de la estructura social.  Se examina la potencial contribución de las perspectivas reticulares para delimitar una estructura social y describir su evolución. Para ello se abordan conceptos de Luhmann (y sus intercambios con la teoría de los sistemas de acción social de Parsons) desde la perspectiva sistémica, y de la teoría de estructuración social de Giddens. No se incluye el abordaje de la estructura social desde la teoría marxista en este ensayo, dado que ello implicaría una revisión teórica exhaustiva que excede su objetivo.  Se exponen algunas ventajas de la noción de “redes sociales” para el estudio de la estructura social en forma complementaria al uso de las técnicas atributivas clásicas de la sociología empírica moderna. Para este desafío se proponen indicadores, métricas, modelos de redes aleatorias y topologías ARS. Se considera que el abordaje empírico y el teórico permiten un corpus integrado para la conceptualización y la investigación de la estructura social. La aplicación del network thinking para examinar la estructura social resulta en cierta forma original, pues es un enfoque que se ha utilizado más frecuentemente para analizar la dinámica de ciertos agentes o grupos dentro de la sociedad.
Se concluye que la confluencia del ARS con algunas nociones teóricas de la teoría de sistemas sociales es útil para el análisis de la estructura social, conceptualizada como patrones dinámicos de intercambios reales y potenciales entre individuos humanos en formato de redes.
Entre el miedo y la ira. Prácticas de seguridad en los sectores de menores recursos en Lima, Perú
Authors: Kanashiro Lilian
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo estudia la percepción de inseguridad y las prácticas de seguridad en los sectores de menores recursos en la ciudad de Lima. Los estudios definen el miedo como el componente emocional de la percepción de inseguridad. Bajo una aproximación cualitativa, se llevaron a cabo 30 entrevistas en profundidad a hombres y mujeres. Nuestros hallazgos destacan la relevancia de ser testigo de un hecho delictivo como parte de la percepción de inseguridad y el sentimiento de ira como un aspecto emocional que se vincula a las prácticas de seguridad colectivas. Adicionalmente, las prácticas de seguridad guardan relación con los grados de progreso en el barrio.
El Sistema de Monitoreo y Evaluación del estado de Chihuahua. El mercado y los costos de las evaluaciones de programas públicos
Authors: López Rodríguez Blanca Odille , Cardozo Brum Myriam
Published: January 2021

Este artículo tiene como propósito describir el Sistema de Monitoreo y Evaluación (M&E) en el estado de Chihuahua y analizar sus logros y desafíos, especialmente en torno a las características del mercado de evaluaciones, los procedimientos y costos de contratación. Para su realización se emplea una metodología mixta que incluye el análisis cuantitativo relacionado con la información estadística sobre las contrataciones y evaluaciones realizadas y una metodología cualitativa, sobre el diseño y organización del Sistema de M&E y el proceso de evaluación. A partir de este estudio de caso, se concluye que el Sistema de M&E muestra avances importantes, pero también requiere la revisión de su diseño institucional, la relevancia de las políticas y los programas que se seleccionan para ser evaluados, aumentar la transparencia de los procesos de contratación y definir criterios para determinar los precios pagados en cada caso. Su valor radica en la importancia del análisis del diseño institucional de estos sistemas. Aunque dicho análisis se desarrolla a nivel local, permite eNtender la operación de otros sistemas a nivel nacional y las propuestas son válidas en cualquier contexto.
“Ni tanto que queme al santo, ni tanto que no lo alumbre”. Sobre las diferencias en los niveles de violencia homicida entre las alcaldías de la Ciudad de México (2018)
Authors: Hernández Gutiérrez José Carlos
Published: January 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo es comprender qué combinación de circunstancias podría explicar que algunas alcaldías de la Ciudad de México (CDMX) presentasen en el año 2018 tasas de homicidios epidémicas (superiores a diez por cada 100 000 habitantes) mientras que otras no. Tomando como referencia teórica el modelo sociológico propuesto por Briceño (2007) y haciendo uso del método crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (CSQCA), las hipótesis preliminares son las siguientes: 1) la presencia de organizaciones criminales enfrentadas dentro de una misma alcaldía de la cdmx es una condición necesaria para que en dicha alcaldía se produzca una tasa de homicidios epidémica; y 2) la conjunción de presencias de densidad poblacional y de pobreza son condiciones suficientes para que se produzca una tasa de homicidios epidémica. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados del procesamiento del csqca, la primera hipótesis se confirma y la segunda es refutada, pues la conjunción de densidad poblacional y pobreza, contrariamente a lo defendido por Briceño (2007), no es una condición suficiente para que se produzcan elevadas tasas de homicidio.
Pueblos originarios, formas de comunalidad y resistencia en Milpa Alta
Authors: Carmona Motolinia José Ramón , Tetreault Darcy
Published: January 2021

Este artículo propone un análisis sobre los procesos de resistencia de los habitantes de Milpa Alta, empleando el término pueblo originario en un discurso que incorpora a comunidades de la periferia rural de la Ciudad de México. Se parte de una caracterización de los pueblos originarios y su relación con el territorio. Se argumenta que el proceso de resistencia de los pueblos milpantenses a partir de la década de 1970, cuando estos grupos rurales protagonizaron luchas por la defensa del territorio, reactivó formas de organización comunal que tenían esos pueblos. Se analiza la forma de comunalidad reproducida por grupos de Milpa Alta, así como el mantenimiento de la actividad agrícola como parte de su modo de vida campesina. Se estudia el proceso reciente de reapropiación del territorio y su defensa a partir de elementos socioculturales. El análisis se basa en el empleo de información bibliográfica y documental, la cual es complementada con testimonios de informantes de los pueblos para comprender los procesos de organización comunal de estos pueblos y comunidades.
Transformaciones y actualidad del sistema de partidos mexicano
Authors: Ramírez Hernández Miguel Angel
Published: January 2021

Reseña: 

Díaz Jiménez, Oniel Francisco y Luis Eduardo León Granatios (2019) Los escenarios electoral e ideológico en el sistema de partidos mexicano. Una mirada posterior a la elección 2018. México: Editorial Tirant lo Blanch México/Universidad de Guanajuato/Instituto Electoral del Estado de Guanajuato
Diseño de terraplenes ligeros para control de asentamientos
Authors: Auvinet Guichard Gabriel , Sánchez Guzmán Jesús
Published: January 2021

Diversos estudios relativos a la porosidad de los materiales granulares muestran, a partir de consideraciones teóricas, modelos físicos y simulaciones numéricas, que los materiales uniformes presentan naturalmente un peso volumétrico menor que los materiales bien graduados. Lo anterior puede aprovecharse para construir terraplenes ligeros con asentamientos controlados sobre suelos de alta compresibilidad como las arcillas lacustres del valle de México. Para reducir aún más el peso del terraplén es posible recurrir a materiales granulares naturalmente ligeros como la escoria volcánica conocida localmente en México como tezontle, que se caracterizan por sus granos porosos y su bajo peso volumétrico. En este trabajo se analizan las características de dos tezontles, el primero bien graduado y el otro con granulometría más uniforme. Se propone finalmente una técnica constructiva que recurre a tezontle con granulometría controlada para la construcción de terraplenes ligeros sobre suelos blandos como los del valle de México.