bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Possible Explanation for the Twin Paradox and Action at a Distance — The Relative Independence of Space and the Absoluteness of Simultaneity
Authors: Qin Sheng
Published: June 2022

This paper is mainly based on a stricter premise of the twin paradox and the assumption of inertial frame, discusses the properties of time and space under the premise of complete symmetry, and draws an interesting conclusion: the simultaneity of different reference frames is possible realized, and the space is relatively independent. And based on this, the twin paradox, cosmic inflation, ultra-distance action of quantum entanglement, microscopic space motion of particles, measurement problems and other phenomena are tentatively explained from a new angle. This interpretation is exploratory and new. At the same time, the author also proposes an experimental way to test the relative independence of space. At the same time, this paper attempts to strictly prove that Einstein's definition of simultaneity and spatial absoluteness in special relativity may be problematic.
Malignant Melanoma of Anorectal: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Kusuma Muhammad Ihwan , Sampetoding Samuel , Ferdinandes Ferdinandes , Faruk Muhammad
Published: June 2022

Introduction and importance:  Occurring in only 1% of cases of anorectal malignancy, malignant melanoma generally appears in the fifth and sixth decades of life, with complaints of anorectal bleeding or pain. The prognosis is generally poor. Although anorectal melanoma currently lacks a recommended treatment, surgery alone remains the primary modality treatment, the role of adjuvant therapy is generally minimal, and survival rate improves with early diagnosis.
Presentation of case : Here, we report two cases of a rare malignant melanoma in the rectum treated with abdominoperineal resection and local excision.  The first case is a 60-year-old man with a history of defecating bloody stool and the appearance of a lump on the anal opening. The abdominoperineal resection was performed followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy.  The second case is a 51-year-old woman with a similar complaint and clinical finding with the first case. The second case was treated with a tumor excision procedure followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. However, the lump was recurrence after 7 months of prior tumor excision.

Discussion:    Surgical resection of anorectal melanoma is debatable. While surgical resection is still the most common treatment option, there is no agreement on whether abdominoperineal resection or local excision is the best option. Conclusions:   The abdominoperineal resection may offer a lower recurrence probability than that of tumor excision alone. However, further study is required to provide evidence-based surgical treatment
Providing Orthopaedic Care to Vulnerably Underserved Patients
Authors: Handcox Jordan E. , Saucedo James M. , Rose Ryan A. , Corley Fred G. , Brady Christina I.
Published: June 2022

Implementation of the Affordable Care Act has increased the number of Americans with health insurance. However, a substantial portion of the population is still considered underserved, including those who are uninsured, underinsured, and those who are enrolled in Medicaid. The patients frequently face substantial access-to-care issues. Many underlying social determinants of health impact this vulnerable, underserved population, and surgeons must understand the nuances of caring for the underserved. There are numerous opportunities to engage with this population, and providing care to the indigent can be rewarding for both the vulnerably underserved patient and their surgeon.
Superior Capsule Reconstruction and Lower Trapezius Transfer for Irreparable Posterior-Superior Rotator Cuff Tear
Authors: McCormick Johnathon R. , Menendez Mariano E. , Hodakowski Alexander J. , Garrigues Grant E.
Published: June 2022

Case:

A 49-year-old right-hand-dominant male weightlifter was referred with persistent left shoulder pain, weakness, and range of motion limitations after failed arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and subsequent arthroscopic debridement for a massive posterior-superior supraspinatus and infraspinatus tear. The patient underwent a superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) with lower trapezius (LT) transfer to re-establish rotator cuff function.

Conclusion:

LT transfer in addition to SCR may be a promising modality to treat massive, irreparable posterior-superior rotator cuff tears in young adults. LT transfer can optimize external rotation, whereas SCR may more adequately address pain and forward elevation.
Evaluation of multiparameter water meter for Environmental Toolkit for Expeditionary Operations
Authors: Gurtowski Luke A. , LeMonte Joshua J. , Bennett Jay , Middleton Matt , Lafferty Brandon J
Published: June 2022

A new, commercially available, field-portable water sensor was evaluated for efficacy during operation and compatibility with current Environmental Toolkit for Expeditionary Operations (ETEO) software. The ETEO provides sensors to Soldiers to rapidly identify and quantify environmental contamination in soil, air, and water at potential new base sites during initial reconnaissance to ensure Soldier safety and minimize unnecessary remediation efforts by the Army. The primary objective of this study was to enhance ETEO performance by providing the capability to evaluate multiple water quality properties simultaneously.
Generation of Cerebral Organoids with Enriched Cortical Cellular Diversity and Outer Radial Glial Cell Identity from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Elkabetz Yechiel , Arora Sneha , Balaskas Anastasios , Hernández Amèlia Aragonés , Rosebrock Daniel
Published: June 2022

Cerebral organoids display broad regional heterogeneity and limited capacity to generate cortical cell diversity due to incompetent patterning signals within early developing organoid neural stem cells (NSCs). Here we describe a method to overcome this limitation by applying a short and early dual SMAD/WNT inhibition course, which results in enrichment for cortical NSCs and their progeny while suppressing non-cortical fates. The enhanced cortical cellular diversity achieved with our method is further mirrored by the facilitated emergence of outer radial glial (oRG) NSCs and appearance of molecularly distinct deep and upper layer neurons. In summary, this protocol yields cerebral organoids with considerable cortical regional homogeneity, depicting a short and early pathway Inhibition as a sufficient step for enriching towards cortical NSC identity in organoids. This protocol accompanies Rosebrock D. et al, Nature Cell Biology, 2022.
De-escalation skills among the Caregivers of Persons with Severe Mental Illness
Authors: G Gopika G , Antony Sojan , C Jayakumar , Moirangthem Sydney
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and Purpose: Aggressive behaviour and mental illness are inextricably linked though all the persons with severe mental illness (SMI) do not show aggressive behaviour at any point of time during the illness. Most often the family members are helpless to manage the aggressive behaviour. De-escalation skills are regarded as the immediate healthy response to aggressive behaviour in health care settings. The current study attempts to identify how the caregivers are managing the aggressive behaviour and the relationship between de-escalation skills and expressed emotion through using the behavioural theory framework.Method: The caregivers of Persons with SMI will be recruited for the study based on the diagnosis by a consultant psychiatrist according to the criteria of ICD-10. The standardised tools will be administered to 194 caregivers of a person with SMI depending on the inclusion criteria. Qualitative data will be analysed by using content analysis and quantitative data will be analysed by testing for normality and accordingly using parametric and non-parametric tests. Implication : The study would help to understand the caregivers’ response to the aggressive behaviour of the persons and the attitude towards a person with SMI and its relationship with each other. The development of a leaflet would help in equipping the caregivers to manage potential aggressive behaviour among the person with SMI. Therefore, it would help to reduce the discrimination and isolation experienced by the person with SMI due to their aggressive behaviour as well as the burden of the caregiver who provides care to the person with SMI.
WITHDRAWN: Temperature-dependent IL6-STAT3-HSP90 axis mediates aquatic viral entry
Authors: li Junhua , Hou Guoli , lv Zhao , Liu Wenzhi , Xiong Shuting , Wang Xiaodong , Hu Liang , Ding Chunhua , Song Rui , Wang Hongquan , Zhang Yong-An , Xiao Tiaoyi
Published: June 2022

IL6-STAT3 signaling is a canonical pro-inflammatory pathway that is evolutionarily conserved and plays important roles in both temperature related responses and virus infection. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the temperature-dependent pathogenesis of aquatic viral diseases remains rudimentary. Here we deploy Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection as a model system to explore the temperature dependency of viral seasonality in ectotherms. We discovered that the temperature-dependent activation of IL6-STAT3 signaling was hijacked by GCRV to promote viral entry by increasing the expression of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Further biochemical, transcriptomic, and microscopic analyses revealed that major capsid protein VP7 of GCRV interacted with HSP90 and relevant cytoskeleton proteins to enable viral entry. Accordingly, exogenous expression of either IL6, HSP90, or VP7 in cells engendered an increased viral entry in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, other viruses infecting invertebrate insects, ectothermic vertebrates (e.g., fish, amphibians), and endothermic mammals (e.g., swine, mouse, human) have evolved a similar mechanism to promote their infection. Altogether, our work delineates a pivotal role of the IL6-STAT3-HSP90 axis in the temperature-dependency of viral entry, pinpointing the feasibility of developing targeted therapies for viral diseases in the future.
Operation properties and (α,β)-equalities of complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets
Authors: Gong Zengtai , Wang Fangdi
Published: June 2022

A complex intuitionistic fuzzy set is an innovative uncertainty set whose membership and non-membership functions take values in the unit circle in the complex plane. This paper investigates various operation properties and proposes a new distance measure for complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets. The distance of two complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets measures the difference between the grades of two complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets as well as that between the phases of the two complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets. This distance measure is then used to define (α, β)-equalities of complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets which coincide with those of intuitionistic fuzzy sets already defined in the literature if complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets reduce to traditional intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Two complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets are said to be (α, β)-equal if the distance between their membership degree is less than 1 −α and the distance between their non-membership degree is less than β. Meanwhile we shows how various operations between complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets affect given (α, β)-equalities of complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Finally, complex intuitionistic fuzzy relations are discussed and some examples are given to illuminate the results obtained in this paper.
Iron to catalyze ammonia synthesis at low temperature
Authors: Hara Michikazu , Hattori Masashi , Okuyama Natsuo , Kurosawa Hiyori
Published: June 2022

Haber-Bosch process produces ammonia to provide food for over 5 billion people; however, it is currently required to reduce the large global CO2 emissions. It is indispensable to devise heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of ammonia below 100‒150 °C to minimize the energy consumption of the process. Here we report metallic iron as a catalyst for ammonia synthesis at 100 °C in combination with an electron-donating material. The iron catalyst revealed that iron can exhibit a few hundred to several thousand times higher efficiency (turnover frequency) for ammonia synthesis than other transition metals used in highly active catalysts. Thermodynamic and vibrational spectroscopic analyses implied that the rate-determining step of ammonia synthesis on the iron catalyst is not N2 cleavage, but the formation of subsequent N-Hn species such as NH, NH2 and NH3, because of the facile cleavage of N2.
Microbiome analysis of landfill leachate samples sourced from Powerstown landfill Co. Carlow
Authors: He Huili , Morris Sinead , Garcia-Cabellos Guiomar , Enright Anne-Marie
Published: June 2022

This study focuses on the bacterial community diversity analysis of landfill leachate (LFL) sourced from Powerstown landfill Co. Carlow, Ireland. HiSeq sequencing systems based 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was used to investigate the bacterial communities of a total of six LFL samples; four samples from landfill cells (two from closed landfill cells and two from active landfill cells), and two samples sourced from a leachate tank collected over an interval of 2.5 years. Members of the phylum Proteobacteria were dominant in all landfill samples investigated, followed by Bacteroidetes. Members of genus Sulfurimonas were found dominant in LFL from active landfill, while genus Pusillimonas were dominant in closed landfill. Furthermore, it was observed that the composition of the microbial community in active landfill showed fluctuation by the progressing landfill age, while the bacterial composition of closed landfill tends to be stable as the year the landfill is closed.
The pathway to the development and maintenance of PTSD among healthcare workers in the first five months of the Covid-19 pandemic in Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Authors: Yarseah Dogbahgen Alphonso , Ezeani Esu Stanley Ulaetor , Ogunsanmi Joyce Olufunke , Agboola Segun Matthew , Ogunleye Taiwo Samuel , Ahmed Aliyu Nuhu
Published: June 2022

PTSD is a health care challenge for HCWs during this COVID-19 pandemic and the need to assess its development and maintenance among (HCWs) in the first five months of the Covid-19 pandemic in Ekiti State, Nigeria is pivotal in mitigating the spread of the pandemic The burden of this pandemic rested among HCWs who needed to treat patients infected by the virus. Considering that researchers believe that the best behavioral safety and precaution for HCWs in traumatic situation is (HBM), we perceived that they might employ this model and experiential avoidance as coping styles which might eventually exhibit PTSD and less research is done on PTSD and experiential avoidance in West Africa. This study therefore investigated the mediating effects of HBM on the relationship between EA and PTSD among HCWs in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Exploratory research design was employed with the used of questionnaire from 475 HCWs, (64%) female and (36%) male who were recruited from public and private hospitals. Major assumptions were tested with structural equation modeling framework. The results show that experiential avoidance predicted PTSD and HBM, while health belief model predicted PTSD and mediated relationship between experiential avoidance and PTSD. Being a female was associated with PTSD and its symptoms of avoidance and hypervigilence. While lower age was associated with avoidance, hypervigilence and re-experiencing and weakly correlated with PTSD. It was concluded that PTSD is high among healthcare workers in Ekiti State, and female and younger workers were grossly affected. Based on these findings recommendation were made.
Energy efficient cluster-based routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Network using Nature Inspired Mechanism
Authors: Mishra Rashmi , Yadav Rajesh K.
Published: June 2022

WSN consist of tiny sensors which are distributed over the entire network having capabilities of sensing the data, processing it and convey it from one node to another node. The purpose of the study is to minimize the power utilization per round and elevate the network lifespan. In the present case, the nature inspired mechanisms are used to minimize the power utilization of the network. In the proposed study Butterfly Optimization Mechanism is used to choose the optimum quantity of CH from the dense nodes. The parameter is to be considered for the choosing of the CH is the remaining power of the node, interspace from the other nodes in the network, interspace from the BS, node centrality and node degree. The PSO is used to form the CH by choosing certain parameters such as interspace from the CH and the BS. The path is choosing by means of the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Mechanism. The route is optimized by the interspace, node degree and the choose remaining power. The inclusive performance of the projected protocol is measured in terms of stability period, quantity of active nodes, data acknowledged by the BS and the overall power utilization of the network. The results of the put redirect methodology are correlated with the extant mechanisms such as LEACH, DEEC, DDEEC, EDEEC [50–53] and also correlated with the swarm mechanisms such as CRHS, BERA, FUCHAR, ALOC, CPSO, FLION. This review will help investigators to discover the applications in this arena.
Simultaneous recording of subcutaneous temperature and total locomotor activity in Bos-Taurus and Bos-Indicus raised in subtropical region of Argentina.
Authors: giannetto claudia , Cerutti Raul , Scaglione Maria Cristina , Fazio Francesco , Aragona Francesca , Arfuso Francesca , Zumbo Alessandro , Piccione Giuseppe
Published: June 2022

In this study, total locomotor activity and subcutaneous temperature was evaluated in 18 clinically healthy females’ cows. All cows were divided in 3 groups: group A1 was constituted by 6 Holstein Bos-taurus, group A2 by 6 Herford females’ cows Bos-Taurus and group B was constituted by 6 females Bradford Bos-indicus cows. Data recording of total locomotor activity (TLA) and subcutaneous temperature was performed by means of a subcutaneous thermometer (Thermocron) and an actimeter ACTIWATCH ® (Cambridge Neurotechnology Ltd) based on accelerometer technologies equipped on all subjects to record TLA. At the same time thermal and hygrometric records were carried out, considering the subtropical climate of Santa Fe. The application of GLM for statistical analysis showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on statistical model and time of the day on TLA and ST for all groups, no significative effect on animal parameter were found for ST and TLA except for Group B. Circadian parameters has been evaluated according to the single cosinor procedure of ST that showed a diurnal daily rhythmicity for all investigated groups and TLA which is focused almost during the photophase for group A1 and A2 and during scotophase for group B.Considering different species and breeds, and different environmental conditions, this study suggested that some subjects may be much more able to adapt themselves to environmental stress than others.During their evolution from Bos taurus, zebu cattle (Bos indicus) have acquired genes that confer thermotolerance. Subjects from Bos Indicus breeds are better able to regulate body temperature in response to heat stress than Bos-taurus subjects.
Preparation of magnetic graphene photocatalytic nano-adsorbent for the sustainable removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solution
Authors: Ying Qi , Li Taiguang , Hao Yongmei
Published: June 2022

Magnetic graphene oxide-SiO2-TiO2 (MGST) composite was prepared for the absorption and further photodegradation of PAHs to reduce the risk of PAHs in the water environment. Magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) was obtained by introducing Fe3O4 to graphite oxide (GO). Furthermore, the suitable SiO2 layer was wrapped on the MGO for further modification with TiO2. Finally, the functional MGST composite with uniform morphology was obtained. The prepared MGST was confirmed by XRD, FTIR and XPS, its morphology was observed by SEM and TEM. Naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene were selected as models. It was found that the adsorption capacity of MGST showed the order of naphthalene (NAP) < phenanthrene (PHE) < pyrene (PYR). Moreover, the regeneration of MGST was conducted by photolysis, the photodegradation of naphthalene was studied and mechanism was proposed. The successive adsorption-desorption studies indicated that MGST kept its adsorption and photodegradation capability almost constant during 5 cycles, which demonstrated its high stability and good sustainability. Importantly, MGST was able to remove more than 80% of aromatic compounds from coking wastewater and tap water, indicating its promising potential for practical application.
Correlation of elemental hyperaccumulation among the succulent and non- succulent halophytes of Gujarat, India
Authors: Vyas Suhas , Agoramoorthy Govindasamy , Gadhvi Kamlesh , Gamit Sandip , Dangar Kiran
Published: June 2022

This paper presents new data on the salt tolerance and avoidance mechanisms among various groups of halophytes in India. The halophytic flora in general has positive effect of high saline environments on wgrowth and physiology. The coastal area of the Kachchh district in Gujarat include about 350 km along the Gulf of Kachchh. This study presents data on the element accumulation mechanisms in soil and halophytic flora (succulent and non-succulent). The halophytes were divided into two groups namely succulent with thick and fleshy leaves and stems and non-succulent with thin leaves and stem. The succulent halophytes included species such as Salicornia brachiata, Suaeda fruticosa and Suaeda nudiflora. The non-succulent halophytes include Aeluropus lagopoides and Urochondra setulosa. Plant parts namely leaves or (Phylloclade), stems and roots were analyzed monsoon season. The results of soil and plants mineral ion content differed widely across the intertidal zones in the same habitat. Likewise, the intra species have varied in all nutrient levels and salt concentration. The accumulation of element concentration was high during the monsoon season in the succulent Salicornia brachiata, especially in leaves that showed Na+ reaching high up to 7.6 meq.g− 1, whereas Cl− was noted to be 4.34 meq.g− 1. In the non-succulent halophytes, the accumulation of mineral ion concentration was lower when compared to succulent plants.
Multivariate analysis of heavy metals and human health risk implications associated with fish consumption from the Yangtze river in Zhenjiang city, China.
Authors: Kaba Peter , Huang Weihong , Shushi Sato , Gyimah Eric , Husein Mansuur , Abomohra Abd El-Fatah , Zhang Wenwen
Published: June 2022

Heavy metal contamination in aquatic environments has been a hot topic in the past decades. The current study aims to analyze levels of heavy metals and human health risk implications associated with fish consumption from the Yangtze River. Muscles of 60 fish samples which comprised six different fish species: Hypophthalmichthys molitrix , Ctenopharyngodon idellus , Blicca bjoerkna , Mylopharyngodon piceus , Carassius carassius, and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ; were analyzed for total lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), aluminium (Al) cobalt (Co), magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu). The health risk indicators associated with consumers’ health were estimated for both children and adults. The finding of the study revealed that of the analyzed metals, Zn recorded the highest mean concentration of 9.87 µg/g in Carassius carassius followed by Mn (7.97 µg/g) in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco , Cu (2.07 µg/g) in Mylopharyngodon piceus , Pb (1.04 µg/g) in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix , Cr (0.63 µg/g) in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix , Cd (0.19 µg/g) in Blicca bjoerkna and Ni (0.16 µg/g) in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco all measured in wet weight ( w/w ). In addition, the health risk assessments revealed that children are at heightened non-carcinogenic risk for Pb, Cd, and Co upon consuming the examined fish species. The principal component analysis revealed that the pollution of metals in the Yangtze River originates mainly from anthropogenic activities and could deteriorate the quality of fish in the Yangtze River. Therefore, this study could contribute scientific information to help in proper monitoring and regulations to protect the natural resources and human health along the Yangtze River.
Validation of an Intensive Care Unit Data Mart for Research and Quality Improvement
Authors: Boncyk Christina , Butler Pamela , McCarthy Karen , Freundlich Robert E.
Published: June 2022

Data derived from the electronic health record (EHR) frequently undergo limited prospective validation. Efforts to perform validation often suffer from limited collaboration between clinicians and data analysts. In this manuscript, we describe the creation of a structured, rigorously validated intensive care unit (ICU) data mart based on data automatically and routinely derived from the EHR. This data mart includes high-quality outcomes data and other data elements commonly used for quality improvement and research purposes. These data elements were identified by physicians working closely with data analysts to iteratively develop and refine algorithmic definitions for complex outcomes and risk factors. We contend that this methodology can be reproduced and applied to other clinical domains to create high quality data marts, inclusive of complex outcomes data.
Day 3 embryo morphology are critical predictors for euploid blastocyst
Authors: Liang Yunhao , Ou Zhanhui , Yin Minna , Deng Yu , Liang Peiling , Chen Zhiheng
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To determine whether day 3 or day 1 embryo morphologic grading affected euploid blastocyst rate in PGT cycle.Methods: 2001 embryos were obtained from 219 patients in our IVF center. Embryo morphologic grading dates were collected on day 1 and day 3 respectively. Blastocyst trophectoderm biopsy were considered on day 5 or day 6 and then applied biopsies for aneuploid screening on NGS platform. Chi-square test, Student's t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare categorical and continuous variables between the cohorts, respectively. Logistic regressions analysis for euploidy were constructed to determine the influence of embryo morphological grading on blastocyst euploidy.Results: 811 blastocysts were able to biopsy and all the biopsies were successfully amplified for aneuploidy screening. Day 1 pronuclear pattern shown weak association with euploid blastocyst (P＞0.05). Day 3 cleavage-stage embryo scoring, including blastomere number (P＞0.01, OR=1.156), symmetry (P＞0.01, OR=0.710) and fragmentation (P＞0.01, OR=0.624) shown association with euploid blastocyst. 8 cells or ≥12 cells embryo obtained highest euploidy rate and Increasing blastomere size difference and fragmentation decreased euploidy rate .Conclusion(s): Day 3, but not day 1 embryo morphology were suitable predictors for euploid blastocyst. Day 3 morphology provides individualized, visualized and prognostic information about euploid blastocyst. Blastomere number are given properties when selecting day 3 embryo for implantation or blastocyst culturing. So, day 3 embryo Morphology provides guiding for selecting euploid embryo and improving IVF outcomes.
llperm: A Permutation of Regressor Residuals Test for Microbiome data
Authors: Viljanen Markus , Boshuizen Hendriek
Published: June 2022

Background: Differential abundance testing is an important aspect of microbiome data analysis, where each taxa is fitted with a statistical test or a regression model. However, many models do not provide a good fit to real microbiome data. This has been shown to result in high false discovery rates. Permutation tests are a good alternative, but a regression approach is desired for small data sets with many covariates, where stratification is not an option.
Results: We present an extension of the Permutation of Regressor Residuals (PRR) test suitable for microbiome data, and a new R package ’llperm’ which implements popular regression models in this framework. Simulations based on real data show that the approach outperforms the likelihood based models in both Power and False Discovery Rate. The PRR-test approach is able to maintain the correct nominal false positive rate expected from the null hypothesis, while having equal or greater power to detect the true positives as models based on likelihood at a given false positive rate.
Conclusions: The PRR-test was shown to provide a useful new tool for microbiome data analysis. Likelihood models can have a shockingly high rate of false positives and it is not possible to adjust for this in real data sets where the ground truth is unknown. As standard models may not provide a good fit to data, robustness gained from this approach can be viewed as a major benefit.
A novel machine learning enabled hybrid optimization framework for efficient and transferable coarse-graining of a model polymer
Authors: Hajizadeh Ellie , Shireen Zakiya , Weeratunge Hansani , Menzel Adrian , Phillips Andrew W , Larson Ronald , Smith-Miles Kate
Published: June 2022

This work presents a novel framework governing the development of an efficient, accurate, and transferable coarse-grained
(CG) model of a polyether material. The proposed framework combines the two fundamentally different classical optimization approaches for the development of coarse-grained model parameters; namely bottom-up and top-down approaches. This is achieved through combining machine learning models (ML) with optimization algorithms, trained using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation data. In the bottom-up approach, bonded interactions of the CG model are optimized using deep neural networks (DNN), where atomistic bonded distributions are matched. The atomistic
distributions emulate the local chain structure. In the top-down approach, optimization of nonbonded potentials is accomplished by reproducing the temperature-dependent experimental density. We demonstrate that CG model parameters achieved through our machine-learning enabled hybrid optimization framework fulfills the thermodynamic consistency and transferability issues associated with the classical approaches to coarse-graining model polymers. We demonstrate the efficiency, accuracy, and transferability of the developed CG model, using our novel framework through accurate predictions of chain size as well as chain dynamics, including the limiting behavior of the glass transition temperature, diffusion, and stress relaxation spectrum, where none were included in the potential parameterization process. The accuracy of the predicted properties are evaluated in the context of molecular theories and available experimental data.
Amyloidogenesis via interfacial shear in a containerless biochemical reactor aboard the International Space Station
Authors: Hirsa Amir , McMackin Patrick , Adam Joe , Griffin Shannon
Published: June 2022

Fluid interfaces significantly influence the dynamics of protein solutions, effects that can be isolated by performing experiments in microgravity, greatly reducing the amount of solid boundaries present, allowing air-liquid interfaces to become dominant. This investigation examined the effects of protein concentration on interfacial shear-induced fibrillization of insulin in microgravity within a containerless biochemical reactor, the ring-sheared drop (RSD), aboard the international space station (ISS). Human insulin was used as a model amyloidogenic protein for studying protein kinetics with applications to in situ pharmaceutical production, tissue engineering, and diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, infectious prions, and type 2 diabetes. Experiments investigated three main stages of amyloidogenesis: nucleation studied by seeding monomeric solutions with fibril aggregates, fibrillization quantified using intrinsic fibrillization rate after fitting measured solution intensity to a sigmoidal function, and gelation observed by detection of solidification fronts. Results demonstrated that in surface-dominated amyloidogenic protein solutions: seeding with fibrils induces fibrillization of monomeric protein, intrinsic fibrillization rate is independent of concentration, and that there is a minimum fibril concentration for gelation with gelation rate and rapidity of onset increasing monotonically with increasing protein concentration. These findings matched well with results of previous studies within ground-based analogs.
Inferring the diurnal variability of OH radical concentrations over the Amazon from BVOC measurements
Authors: Ringsdorf Akima , Edtbauer Achim , de Arellano Jordi Vila-Guerau , Pfannerstill Eva , gromov Sergey , Kumar Vinod , Pozzer Andrea , Wolff Stefan , Tsokankunku Anywhere , Soergel Matthias , Sá Marta , de Araujo Alessandro , Ditas Florian , Pöhlker Christopher , Lelieveld Jos , Williams Jonathan
Published: June 2022

The atmospheric oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by OH radicals over tropical rainforests impacts local particle production and the lifetime of globally distributed harmful and radiatively active gases. For the pristine Amazon rainforest during the dry season, we empirically determined the diurnal OH radical variability at the forest-atmosphere interface region between 80 and 325m from 07:00 to 15:00 LT using BVOC measurements. A dynamic time warping approach was applied showing that median averaged transport times between 80 m to 325 m decrease from 105 to 15 minutes over this time period. The inferred OH concentrations show evidence for an early morning OH peak (07:00–08:00 LT) and an OH maximum (13:00–14:00LT) reaching 1x106 ± 1.1x106 molecules cm− 3 controlled by the coupling between BVOC emission fluxes, convective turbulence, air chemistry and photolysis rates. The results were evaluated against a turbulence resolving transport (DALES), a regional scale (WRF-Chem) and a global (EMAC) atmospheric chemistry model.
Evaluation of CBP, CEBPA and DNMT3A genes in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
Authors: Assem Magda , Leithy Asmaa A. El , Hassan Naglaa M , Abozaid Mohamed , Allam Rasha Mahmoud , Kamal Mohamed A. M , Ibrahim Noha H
Published: June 2022

Background: CBP, CEBPA and DNMT3A are tumor suppressor genes whose dysfunction has been reported in hematologic malignancies. Acute myeloid leukemia is the most common type of white cell neoplasm among adults. Our aim is to assess the expression level of CBP, CEBPA and DNMT3A genes in an Egyptian cohort with AML. We investigated the correlation between the selected genes’ mRNA levels and their association with the clinical characteristics and survival. MethodsA total of 53 adult participants diagnosed with AML were enrolled in the study. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to assess CBP, CEPBA and DNMT3A expression. Results: There was no significant difference between males and females in the relative expression level of CBP, CEBPA, and DNMT3A. Similarly, none of the three genes showed statistically significant correlation with age at the time of diagnosis or FAB subtypes of AML. The correlation matrix of the three genes detected a significant correlation only between CBP and CEBPA expression (rS= .518, P=0.000). Survival analysis of our cohort showed no association of any of the studied genes with neither overall nor disease free survival. Conclusion: Our finding may indicate a complementary role of CBP and CEBPA in AML pathogenesis; however, further investigation on larger samples is still warranted to study the relationship of these genes with AML survival.
Association between lignan intake from different types of plant-based foods and obesity indicators in the Netherlands
Authors: Zaki Umi Kalsum Hussain , Trijsburg Laura , Feskens Edith J.M.
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to assess whether lignan intake is associated with lower body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in a Dutch population. Data on lignan content of foods was extracted from a lignan database of Dutch plant-based foods and complemented with three other references to estimate lignan intake in 1012 Dutch men and women participating in the NQ-plus prospective cohort study. The association between lignan intake and BMI and waist circumference was assessed using linear regression analysis. Three multivariate models were used to investigate the association of BMI and waist circumference with total lignan intake. Model 1 included adjustments for lifestyle variables, in model 2 adjustments were made for energy intake and nutrients, and in model 3 these adjustment were combined. The median lignan intake was 3226 µg/day (mean 4763 µg/day, SD 5386 µg/day). Lignan intake was strongly skewed towards higher values, ranging from 40-50500 µg/day. The major sources of lignans were bread, which contributed 52%, nuts, seeds, and snacks (21%), and vegetables (12%) to the lignan intake. After adjustments lignan intake was associated with a lower waist circumference (-0.93 cm, 95 % CI: -0.88; -1.00). No association between BMI and lignan intake was observed. A higher lignan intake is significantly associated with a smaller waist circumference in Dutch adults. To what extent a high lignan intake can reduce waist circumference in obese patients or can prevent onset of abdominal obesity remains to be tested in future intervention studies.
Tβ4 and PDTC displayed recovery on the glial and neuronal alterations in an early Alzheimer’s disease model
Authors: Wang Meng , Li Zi-Long , Feng Li-Rong , Chang Ke-Wei , Yang Wei-Na , Liu Qi , Sindhwani Shria , Qian Yi-Hua
Published: June 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, with no effective therapies to reduce this progressive form of nerve cell death. Peptide thymosin β4 (Tβ4) controls actin polymerization and showed reduced neuroinflammation in middle stage AD model mice. To report the effect and mechanism of Tβ4 in early stage of AD model mice, Tβ4 overexpression or knockdown in 4 months APP/PS1 mice brain was achieved by genetic engineering methods. Two months later, behavioral test, electroencephalogram (EEG) test, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, dot blot, RT-PCR and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied. The findings showed that the overexpression of Tβ4 displayed reduced microglia and astrocytes activation, arrested neuronal degeneration, repaired myelin sheath degeneration, decreased NF-κBp65 protein level, and restored EEG abnormality. Conversely, knockdown of Tβ4 led to lysosomal dysfunction, neuronal function weakening, myelin sheath loss, increased NF-κBp65 protein level, and further impaired image discrimination or spatial (working) memory in the APP/PS1 mice. The combination of TLR4 antagonist or NF-κBp65 inhibitor further reduced the inflammatory protein level. gv971 significantly reduced the glial reactivity and improved the neuronal survival, but not the learning and memory impairment of APP/PS1 mice. Combining Tβ4 with other therapies may be an effective strategy to combat the complex changes in AD.
A Noval Approach towards Neuro Acoustic Loops & their intervention in various Neuro Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Aasim Shahzad , Ahmad Suhail , Butt Muheet , Wani Hilal , Fatima Rifat , Ganie Abdul , Dar Nizam Ud Din
Published: June 2022

The interface of sound in general and music in particular has known and unknown dimensions in human physiology, human psychology and larger well-being of human health. Acoustic therapies and stimulation have been scientifically proven to have a powerful effect on the brain. Recent researches have shown that music can help in many aspects of the brain including pain reduction, stress relief, Seizure, Stroke, memory, and brain injuries. The intervention of sound or music as a type of treatment can be medicine less and mostly concentrates on selective sound frequencies or acoustic loops. In this paper an attempt is made to study the intervention of these sound frequencies in general and their effects on neuro-psychiatric mechanisms and allied phenomenon. The quantification of specific frequencies (Acoustic loops) which will ameliorate the various disorders after their identification can also be correlated with various biochemical parameters that will be analysed with regards to the changes effected by these interventions. The proposed research work might provide a novel approach of treatment for neuro psychiatric disorders using the above stated therapy. The work intends to provide the effect of this therapy on 50 patients/subjects which are taken in isolation wherein the results on selected subjects has been quite demanding. These patients have been already diagnosed with psychiatric disorders at SKIMS and are being re-accessed at NARC using Acoustic Loop Therapy. The proposed work will also provide a scaling or quantitative approach in the intervention of Neuro Acoustic disorders.
In vivo multiscale measurements of solid stresses in tumors reveal scale-dependent stress transmission
Authors: Zhang Sue , Passaro Rachel , Regan Kathryn , Hadzipasic Muhamed , Grifno Gabrielle , Zheng Siyi , O'Connor Logan , Chu Vinson , Kim Sung Yeon , Yang Jiarui , Banerji Rohin , Karrobi Kavon , Roblyer Darren , Grinstaff Mark , Nia Hadi
Published: June 2022

Solid stress, one of the physical hallmarks of cancer, affects trafficking and infiltration of immune cells, promotes metastasis and tumorigenic pathways, and impedes therapeutic delivery. Despite these clinical ramifications, questions remain regarding the origins and consequences of solid stresses and the differential response of tumor versus normal cells to solid stresses. Answering these fundamental questions requires probing solid stresses at the cellular scale, where biological and immunological responses manifest, as well as in vivo, where the complexities of the tumor microenvironment are present. Here, we report the first in vivo and multi-scale measurements of solid stress in mouse models of breast cancer using multi-modal intravital microscopy of deformable hydrogels complemented with mathematical modeling. Utilizing the capabilities of these methods, such as the high-resolution, longitudinal, and 3-D measurements of local solid stress, we measure and compare solid stresses (i) at the single cell vs tissue scale, (ii) primary vs metastatic tumors, (iii) in vivo vs in vitro settings, and (iv) in vivo vs post-mortem. Surprisingly, we find solid stress transmission is scale-dependent, as tumor cells experience a factor of 6 reduction in stress in comparison to stress measured at the tissue scale. This finding implicates the presence of potential biophysical mechanisms that tumor cells utilize to protect themselves against lethally high solid stresses. This insight into the scale-dependence of solid stress genesis will further inform the discovery of new therapeutic strategies that sensitize cancer cells to solid stresses to induce cell death.
Augmented reality elastography ultrasound via generate adversarial network for breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Yu Jinhua , Yao Zhao , Luo Ting , Dong YiJie , Jia XiaoHong , Deng YinHui , Zhu Ying , Zhang JingWen , Liu Juan , Yang LiChun , Luo XiaoMao , Li ZhiYao , Xu YanJun , Hu Bin , Huang YunXia , Chang Cai , Xu JinFeng , Luo Hui , Dong Fajin , Xia XiaoNa , Wu ChengRong , Hu WenJia , Wu Gang , Li QiaoYing , Chen Qin , Deng WanYue , Jiang QiongChao , Mou YongLin , Yan HuanNan , Xu XiaoJing , Yan HongJu , Zhou Ping , Shao Yang , Cui LiGang , He Ping , Qian LinXue , Liu JinPing , Shi LiYing , Zhao YaNan , Xu YongYuan , Zhan WeiWei , Wang YuanYuan , Zhou Jianqiao , Wu GuoQing
Published: June 2022

Elastography ultrasound (EUS) imaging is a vital ultrasound imaging modality. The current use of EUS faces many challenges, such as vulnerability to subjective manipulation, echo signal attenuation, and unknown risks of elastic pressure in certain delicate tissues. The hardware requirement of EUS also hinders the trend of miniaturization of ultrasound equipment. We therefore present a cost-efficient solution by designing a deep neural network to synthesize augmented reality EUS (AR-EUS) from conventional B-mode images. By using 4580 cases from 15 medical centers, we evaluate the performance of AR-EUS on breast cancer diagnosis. The quantitative metric and blind evaluation results show no significant difference between AR-EUS and real EUS in image authenticity and in clinical diagnosis. The performance of pocket-sized ultrasound in breast tumor diagnosis is also significantly improved after AR-EUS is equipped. These results highlight the potential of AR-EUS in clinical application.
A cost-effectiveness analysis of toripalimab plus TP versus TP for the first-line treatment of advanced esophageal cancer
Authors: Zeng Fan-yuan , Ye Zhuo-miao , Wang Hao-lun , Xu Zhe , Zhou Qin , Li Huan
Published: June 2022

Objective: We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of Toripalimab plus TP in treating patients with esophageal cancer in this study.Perspective: the Chinese payers.Methods: A Markov model was developed from the Chinese payers’ perspectives.We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis.One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the impact of uncertainties on the cost-effectiveness’s results. Scenario analysis was also performed.Results: The ICER for Toripalimab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy was $16834.30. An increase of 0.83 QALYs and 1.39 LYs. For Toripalimab plus TP, the ICER/QALY is $20302.54 compared to TP alone at the WTP of $37653.The ICERs were the most sensitive to the utility of PD. Conclusions: Toripalimab plus TP therapy for advanced oesophageal cancer would be cost-effective compared with TP.
Association of lung function and hyperglycemia: a 10-year study in China
Authors: Li Wei , Ning Yi , Ma Yuan , Lin Xinshan , Man Sailimai , Wang Bo , Wang Chen , Yang Ting
Published: June 2022

Background
Nowadays chronic respiratory diseases are a major burden in terms of morbidity and mortality and of increasing public health concern in China. Meanwhile, prevalence of diabetes has increased more than 10 times over forty years. A few studies investigating the association between chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes mellitus have been done these years. However, the association was not clear, and we aimed to answer this question with solid proof.
Methods
Our study is a single-center study performed in MJ Healthcare Center in Beijing. We enrolled subjects aged ≥ 20 years undergoing at least two regular health check-ups between 2009 and 2019 in MJ Healthcare Center in Beijing. Each health check-up included regular tests, biochemical tests, a pulmonary function test and a questionnaire. 11,107 adults were included and cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis were performed.
Results
We found that both pre-diabetic and diabetic adults had lower lung function compared to normal population at baseline, indicating that lung function decrement may start from prediabetic status. Quantitatively, with 1 mmol/L increase of FPG (fasting plasma glucose), FVC (forced vital capacity), FEV1 (forced expiratory volume), FVC% and FEV1% lowered 25ml, 13ml, 0.71%-1.03% and 0.46%-0.72% respectively. However, no statistical significance was found regarding the rates for the lung function decline between different baseline diabetes status.
Conclusion
People with higher blood glucose had more severe lung function decline and lung function decrement started from pre-diabetic status, but there was no difference in the rate of lung function decrease based on different baseline diabetic status.