bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using mobile information technologies for service innovation in the hospitality industry: Evidence from a multi-moderated mediation model
Authors: Demir Mahmut
Published: February 2025

This study aims to examine the relationship between mobile information technologies, big data features, organizational readiness for innovation, decision-making capabilities, and service innovation performance in the hospitality industry. A quantitative research method was adopted, and the multivariate statistical analysis technique of structural equation modeling was used to test the conceptual model in this study. The data were collected from participants at the management levels of five-star hotels belonging to international and national hotel chains in Türkiye. The results indicated that mobile information technologies influence both service innovation performance and big data features. Big data features have a mediating role and organizational readiness for innovation and decision-making capabilities have moderating roles in this relationship.
Is There a “Weekend Effect” on In-Hospital Outcomes of Type a Aortic Dissection Repair? A Population-Based Analysis of National Inpatient Sample From 2015-2020
Authors: Li Renxi , Huddleston Stephen J.
Published: February 2025

Background

“Weekend effect” in type A aortic dissection (TAAD) repair has been identified in several countries where weekend admission is associated with higher mortality rates. However, in the US, findings have been mixed regarding the “weekend effect” on TAAD outcomes. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive, population-based analysis of the association between weekend admission and the in-hospital outcomes of TAAD repair using a large-scale national registry.

Methods

Patients who underwent TAAD repair were identified in National Inpatient Sample from Q4 2015–2020. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to compare in-hospital outcomes between patients admitted on the weekend vs weekday, where demographics, comorbidities, hospital characteristics, primary payer status, and transfer-in status were adjusted.

Results

There were 1007 and 3275 patients who underwent TAAD repair under weekend and weekday admission, respectively. Patients admitted on the weekend were more likely to get transferred in from a different acute care hospital and have renal malperfusion. After multivariable analysis, patients admitted on the weekend and weekday had comparable times from admission to operation (0.88 ± 2.64 vs 0.92 ± 2.99 days, P = 0.64) and in-hospital mortality (15.99% vs 14.84%, aOR = 1.119, 95 CI = 0.914-1.37, P = 0.28). All other in-hospital outcomes, hospital length of stay, and total hospital charge were similar between the 2 cohorts.

Conclusion

Patients admitted on weekends and weekdays had comparable times from admission to operation, as well as similar in-hospital mortality and morbidities. These findings suggest the effectiveness of weekend emergency care protocols for TAAD patients and the lack of a “weekend effect” on TAAD repair in the United States.
Increasing Awareness About Tuberculosis Infection Screening in Latino Immigrants: A Community-Based Participatory Research Approach
Authors: Stryker Shanna D. , Darling Natalia P. , Ceppi Enrique , Medina Rodriguez Laura , Vaughn Lisa M. , Chinchilla Karen , Peralta Jenniffer , Garcia Haydee , Walter Martha , Huaman Moises A.
Published: February 2025

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) elimination in the U.S. will require increased screening among at-risk groups. Nontraditional immigration destinations (NTIDs) are those which have historically not been home to large Latino immigrant populations, and which have less culturally relevant services available. Methods: Interviews were performed with Latino immigrants in an NTID to understand health beliefs relevant to TB screening. A community advisory board (CAB) was formed to suggest interventions consistent with health beliefs using the RE-AIM framework for planning. Based on the CAB's suggestions, educational videos were developed. A survey was used to assess the impact of the videos in a pilot study. Results: Community members had low perceived susceptibility to TB, high perceived severity of disease, were unfamiliar with indications for screening, and had attitudes which supported screening, particularly if there was knowledge of treatment options. The CAB suggested making an educational video and helped to recruit participants to pilot the video which was made. Watching the video increased participants’ perceived importance of screening and intention to be screened. Conclusion: Partnering with community members and community-serving organizations in an NTID helped to co-create an educational initiative which increased intention to be screened for TB among Latino immigrant groups and provided information on where this could be accomplished.
Women, Men, and Cancer Survivorship: A Commentary on Current Data and Possible Underlying Issues
Authors: Rovito Michael J. , Martinez Sydney , Thomas Kamalie , Chauhan Khushi , Gibson Samantha
Published: February 2025

Tonorezos et al.’s recent analysis of U.S. cancer survivorship prevalence provides insightful commentary on the dramatic increase of those surviving the disease over the last 50 years. This growth is reflective of improvements in cancer detection, treatment, and the effects of an aging population. While survival rates have seen a significant increase, more focus is needed on the long term and postsurvivorship health care. What Tonorezos et al.’s piece also indicates is that survivorship trends reveal disparities based on several variables, such as age, sex, and cancer type. Women tend to be diagnosed earlier and have higher survival rates when compared to men, arguably due to more frequent screenings vis-a-vis a sequela of increased utilization of care. Men have higher cancer incidence rates among the aging population, accompanied by lower survival rates, frequently linked to late diagnosis and less utilization of preventive care. Addressing sex-specific disparities is pivotal to developing future treatment plans among cancer survivors. Health care providers must adjust to the multifaceted demands of the population. Public health movements should focus on increasing awareness and promotion of early detection in the male population, taking note of the successful initiatives seen in women’s health. It is imperative that these disparities and long-term needs are assimilated into the comprehensive conversation about cancer care to improve outcomes for all survivors.
Nomogram Predicting Progression-Free Survival in Locally Advanced Papillary Thyroid Cancer with Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Invasion
Authors: Song Yixuan , Ning Yudong , Li Han , He Yuqin , Liu Yang , Liu Shaoyan
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The recurrence rate of T4a papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is relatively high, but research on the prognosis of T4a PTC is rarely investigated. This study aims to analyze the prognosis of T4a PTC patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) invasion.

Methods

Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were employed to identify prognostic factors for the progression-free-survival (PFS) of PTC patients. A nomogram was constructed based on essential prognostic factors to predict the risk of disease progression in T4a PTC patients with RLN invasion.

Results

A total of 418/602 (69.4%) T4a PTC patients with RLN invasion underwent surgery, the 5-year PFS rate was 89.8%. The multivariable analyses showed that age ≥55 years, preoperative vocal cord paralysis (VCP), microvascular invasion, and the number of cervical lymph node metastases (CLNM) >10 were prognostic risk factors of PFS in T4a PTC patients with RLN invasion. Our nomogram provided good discrimination, with a C-index of 0.778 in the training set and 0.793 in the validation set. No statistical difference ( P = .918) was found between PFS and the surgical methods of RLN. By following up on the patient’s voice condition, the RLN function was restored in approximately 82.7% of patients after RLN separation.

Conclusion

T4a PTC patients with RLN invasion are prone to disease progression under the following conditions: age ≥55 years old, preoperative VCP, microvascular invasion, and CLNM >10. The RLN nerve preservation surgery does not increase the risk of disease progression.
Dynamics of Platform Architecture and Labor Unrest: Mobilizing and Contesting Solidarity in the 2021–2022 Foodpanda Delivery Rider Strikes in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Ngai Keung
Published: February 2025

Weaving together relational approaches to collective action as well as the concepts of platform architecture and social media affordances, this qualitative study examines the manifestation and contestation of worker solidarity in the platform-mediated gig economy. Based on semi-structured interviews with 30 participants—including riders and labor rights group members involved in the 2021–2022 Foodpanda delivery rider strikes—this article offers a relational and processual view of how worker solidarity was formed, consolidated, and contested throughout the strikes in Hong Kong’s post-union era. The analysis reveals that riders’ grievances against Foodpanda emerged in response to the evolving platform architecture, while non-workplace factors such as the sociopolitical context further shaped riders’ repertoires of action. Riders strategically utilized interpersonal communication networks and various social media affordances to mobilize and strengthen solidarity. Worker solidarity, however, was contested due to internal conflicts among riders and the fear of police. Algorithmic control also serves as a repressive tool to demobilize workers. Thus, solidarity was fragmented and transient. This study theorizes the platform architecture as part of the dynamic process through which worker solidarity is mobilized and contested. It contributes to understanding the varieties of platform labor unrest by examining the relational dynamics of worker solidarity in the changing political context where labor power is likely to be weakened. As such, platform labor unrest is deeply embedded within a wider platform ecology and socio-political context, where workers mobilize among themselves and interact with their opponents, alliances, and other social actors.
Reflecting on the Deaf Experience in Healthcare
Authors: Leite Bruna Tavares , Reato Ligia F.N. , Pereira Patrícia , Pereira Luciana
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the integration of Deaf culture into patient-centered healthcare, focusing on resolving the challenges encountered by the Deaf community. It evaluates the contrast between the traditional medical model of disability and the cultural perspective of the Deaf community, advocating for healthcare systems to incorporate the cultural distinctiveness of Deaf patients. Utilizing an autoethnographic method, the paper shares the experience of a Deaf researcher in healthcare, thereby illuminating the communication and cultural obstacles prevalent in healthcare interactions. This research proposed pragmatic solutions, including the establishment of Deaf-centric communication protocols, and the cultural competency training of healthcare professionals. These strategies aimed to promote equitable access to health services and technology. The findings of this paper contribute to the field of healthcare, particularly in enhancing the patient experience for the Deaf community. The paper emphasized the importance of creating inclusive and empathetic healthcare environments and advocated for a joint effort among policymakers, healthcare practitioners, and the Deaf community to develop solutions that effectively address their specific needs.
Study of Electrical Properties of Polyurethane Conductive Composites Reinforced with 3D Spacer Fabric Upon Compression
Authors: Luo Juan , Chen Si , Ren De-chen , Li Ri-dong
Published: February 2025

In this study, 3D spacer fabrics were prepared by chemical oxidation polymerization and then filled with polyurethane foam. Five different types of polyurethane conductive composite reinforced 3D spacer fabrics were prepared. Compression tests were performed on the prepared conductive composites under different test conditions to explore the effect of compression and impact factors on the electrical properties of the composites reinforced with 3D spacer fabrics. It is shown that the structure, thickness, and diameter of the spacer wire of the 3D spacer conductive fabric affect the conductivity of the conductive composites. At different compressive strains, the resistance change rate of the conductive compound decreases with increasing compressive period. As the compression period increases, the resistance change rate of the conducting compound gradually decreases. The change in mechanical hysteresis is larger than the change in electrical hysteresis in the compression recovery test for different strains. As the compression rate increases, the sensitivity of the conductive composite decreases, and there is a multivariate linear fit regression between the compression rate and the change in resistance. Fitting equations for the compression rate and resistance variations have been established, providing a theoretical basis for the theoretical study and application of conductive composites.
The evolution of morphology and chemistry in fused silica surface after medium-pressure plasma processing
Authors: Yadav Hari Narayan Singh , Das Manas
Published: February 2025

In order to achieve a process for precision asphere and freeform surfaces, a medium-pressure plasma process (MPPP) is developed for high-rate precision machining of optical materials. Fused silica is commonly used to fabricate optical components such as mirrors, lenses, prisms, and photonic crystals. Plasma polishing, an unconventional method, is employed for the atomic-level removal of material from a substrate’s surface. While polishing the fused silica substrate, the focus lies on investigating process parameters, specifically the radio frequency (RF) power, sulfur hexafluoride/oxygen (SF6/O2) ratio, and plasma chamber pressure. The process parameters are maintained throughout all experiments, specifically a consistent sulfur hexafluoride/oxygen (SF6/O2) ratio of 1:1 and He:(SF6 + O2) of 90:10. The surface roughness, elemental composition, and morphology of the fused silica surface are examined by the three-dimensional (3D) optical profiler, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. After the plasma process, the surface roughness changes marginally without any surface contaminations. However, upon removing the chemically modified layer, the etching process results in the development of a succession of pits. During polishing, the distinct pits merged together, forming a cohesive structure. Further, the contact angle is also examined on silicon dioxide (SiO2) surface before and after plasma process. The contact angle decreases from 89.6° to 23.2° before and after plasma polishing, respectively.
Determination of Ethanol Content in Gasoline Fuel Using Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Jain Beena , Aggarwal Rahul , Rath Deb Kumar , Kumar Rajesh , Tiwari Vibhuti Bhushan , Mishra Satya Ram
Published: February 2025

The ability to detect the ethanol rapidly and sensitively in ethanol–gasoline blends has become important in recent times, both for engine performance and for fuel economy. In order to achieve this, a deterministic methodology based on Raman spectroscopy is employed for quantitative estimation of ethanol in commercial ethanol–gasoline blends of fuel. The different concentrations of anhydrous ethanol were mixed with pure gasoline to calibrate the Raman spectroscopy measurement setup. The variation in the ratio of the heights of Raman peaks at wavenumbers ∼885 and 1005 cm–1 is found to be linear with the fractional volumes of ethanol and gasoline in the blends. Using this methodology, the volume percentage of ethanol in commercial gasoline is determined to be ∼10%. This methodology can also be adopted for detection of other additives/adulterants in commercial gasoline.
Screening and monitoring across the lifespan of an ageing cystic fibrosis population
Authors: Yaacoby-Bianu Karin , Cohen Raya , Shteinberg Michal
Published: February 2025

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder with involvement of many organ systems. For some of the affected organs the dysfunction is a direct consequence of CFTR deficiency while in others the pathophysiology is complex and may be influenced by treatments and social factors. The last decades have seen improved well-being and survival of people with CF, even more so with the introduction of CFTR modulator treatments. For many manifestations of CF, the focus has shifted from treatment of complications to screening and monitoring for early detection of complications, and prevention of treatment-related complications. Examples are early detection ofPseudomonas aeruginosaairway infection and CF related diabetes, and more recently adopted strategies such as screening for colorectal cancer, and for anxiety and depression. In this article we review well-documented and emerging CF manifestations, risk factors for complications, and strategies recommended by international society guidelines and care recommendations for prevention, screening, and monitoring. We review existing guideline-based recommendation with a glimpse to emerging modalities for screening and monitoring which may be adopted in the future. Finally, we review the changes due to treatment with CFTR modulators and their possible implications for future screening and monitoring strategies. As people with CF enjoy better quality of life and improved survival, screening for CF related morbidities will be constantly evolving.
Mapping the distribution of radial artery atherosclerosis by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Wang Yuntao , Yan Rui , Li Zixuan , Liu Zijing , Wang Yujie , Song Jiahui , Wang Senhu , Wu Yongxia , Wang Haotian , Guo Jincheng
Published: February 2025

Background

Radial artery plaque (RAP) can influence the function of arterial conduits after revascularization and hinder the maturation of arteriovenous fistulas in patients undergoing hemodialysis patients. However, the preferred in vivo sites for RAP development have not been systematically investigated. This study measured and evaluated RAP to map the distribution of RAP in the radial artery (RA) using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods

OCT images of the entire RA in 300 patients at 1 mm intervals were analyzed to assess RAP phenotypes and measure the distance of RAP from the radial artery ostium. The RA was evenly divided into three segments: proximal, middle, and distal. Patients were categorized into two groups: the RAP group (n = 68) and the non-RAP group (n = 232).

Results

Among the 300 patients with 300 radial arteries studied, 68 patients (22.7%) developed 180 distinct RAPs. The distal segment was the most susceptible to RAP formation (51 patients; 17.0%).In plaque level analysis, Most RAPs (55%) were located ≥ 150 mm from the RA ostium. The distal segment exhibited a significantly higher median cumulative plaque index compared with the proximal and middle segments (p = 0.031). Logistic regression analysis identified aging, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and multi-vessel coronary disease (MVCD) as independent risk factors for RAP occurrence.

Conclusions

RAP was observed in 22.7% of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with a predominant localization in the distal segment, both at the patient and plaque level. Significant risk factors included aging, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and MVCD.
Unveiling the role of chromosome structure morphology on gene function through chromosome conformation analysis
Authors: Zhan Yuxiang , Yildirim Asli , Boninsegna Lorenzo , Alber Frank
Published: February 2025

Single-cell chromosome conformations vary significantly among individual cells. We introduce a two-step dimensionality reduction method for density-based, unsupervised clustering of single-cell 3D chromosome structures from simulations or multiplexed 3D-FISH imaging. Our method clusters up to half of all structures into 5–12 prevalent conformational states per chromosome. These states are distinguished by subdivisions into chromosome territory domains, whose boundary locations influence subnuclear positions and speckle associations of certain genes and establish long-range structural variations of more than 10 Mb. Territory domain boundaries are found at few sequence locations, shared among cell types and often situated at syntenic breakpoints.
Using Bursaphelenchus mucronatus to demonstrate the potential nematicidal effect of Beauveria bassiana on pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) under in vivo conditions
Authors: Sánchez-Gómez Tamara , Zamora Paula , Díez Julio Javier , Herrero Baudilio , Poveda Jorge , Martín-García Jorge
Published: February 2025

Key message

This study demonstrates the potential of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.—Criv.) Vuill. to control Bursaphelenchus mucronatus (Mamiya and Enda), which is close to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle but is a non-quarantine pathogen and, therefore, may be used as an alternative organism on which to perform in vivo assays without biological risk.

Context

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a serious threat for conifer forests worldwide. It is caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pine wood nematode (PWN). In affected areas, eradication and subsequent disease containment measures are being implemented. The latter are, to date, based on control strategies for the insect vectors (Monochamus spp.) and on screening for genetic resistance in tree hosts. However, an integrated pest management strategy which also implements nematode control is still not fully developed.

Aims

This study aimed to use Bursaphelenchus mucronatus, as an organism on which to demonstrate the nematicidal potential of Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus successfully tested on Monochamus spp., on PWN under in vivo conditions.

Methods

To this end, a pathosystem was built to simulate these conditions and to bring the nematode B. mucronatus, the insect vector, and the fungus into contact.

Results

The results show (i) very similar responses of the two nematodes confronted to the fungus and its mycotoxin beauvericin under in vitro conditions and (ii) a remarkable antagonistic effect of B. bassiana on B. mucronatus also on the abovementioned pathosystem (in vivo conditions).

Conclusion

Our findings have significant implications for the pine wilt disease control. In particular, this study demonstrates the potential of B. bassiana as a biological control tool to be implemented in a future integrated disease management strategy.
Environmental friendly warp yarn coating from feather wastes with enhanced toughness and tenacity via thiol-ene click chemistry grafting modification
Authors: Pan Xing , Qin Daen , Song Kaili , Dong Aixue
Published: February 2025

The development of biodegradable and environmental friendly wrap sizing agent is beneficial for reducing the impact of textile desizing effluent on environment. In this work, green and biodegradable keratin sizing agent with enhanced toughness and tenacity was prepared by adjusting side chain tails structure via thiol-ene click chemistry grafting modification for warp yarn slashing against film thermal-embrittlement and fracture during weaving. Feather keratin from waste feather has become an attractive target to replace petroleum-based Poly (vinyl alcohol) sizes due to its easy film-forming ability, excellent adhesive property, biodegradability and low cost. However, keratin yarn coating showed brittleness and easily peeled off from weaving yarn which highly restrict its application. Thus, polymer branched side chain tails with a structure that similar to the wrap yarn was grafted onto keratin molecular chain by utilizing its distinctive thio group as anchor point by means of click chemistry. The results showed that grafting modification could obviously improve the adhesiveness of keratin sizing by the principle of similarity compatibility. The sizing performance, desizing performance as well as its degradability were comprehensively studied. Successful utilization of modified keratin sizes will bring opportunities for the green and sustainable development of textile industry.

Graphical Abstract
Allogeneic CAR T Cell Products Cemacabtagene Ansegedleucel/ALLO-501 in Relapsed/Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Phase 1 Experience From the ALPHA2/ALPHA Clinical Studies
Authors: Locke Frederick L. , Munoz Javier L. , Tees Michael T. , Lekakis Lazaros J. , de Vos Sven , Nath Rajneesh , Stevens Don A. , Malik Shahbaz A. , Shouse Geoffrey P. , Hamadani Mehdi , Oluwole Olalekan O. , Perales Miguel-Angel , Miklos David B. , Fisher Paul W. , Feng Amy , Navale Lynn , Le Gall John B. , Neelapu Sattva S.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Off-the-shelf, allogeneic CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell products may improve access to treatment versus autologous ones. We report the phase 1 experience of the allogeneic CD19 CAR T-cell product cemacabtagene ansegedleucel (cema-cel) and its predecessor, ALLO-501, in CD19 CAR T-naive patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (R/R LBCL).

Patients and Methods

In the ALPHA2/ALPHA studies, safety and efficacy of allogeneic CD19 CAR T cells were evaluated in CD19 CAR T treatment-naive patients with R/R LBCL. Patients received healthy donor-derived, human leukocyte antigen–unmatched cema-cel/ALLO-501 following a 3-day lymphodepletion regimen of fludarabine (30 mg/m
2
/day), cyclophosphamide (300 or 500 mg/m
2
/day), and escalating doses of the anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody, ALLO-647.

Results

As of September 26, 2024, 33 CD19 CAR T-naive patients with LBCL (median age, 66 years; median number of prior therapies, 3) received allogeneic CAR T cells. CAR T cell expansion was observed following infusion, with persistence observed up to 4 months. Overall and complete response rates were 58% and 42%, respectively; median duration of response in patients with a complete response was 23.1 months. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were hematologic toxicities. No cases of graft-versus-host disease, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, or grade ≥3 cytokine release syndrome were reported.

Conclusion

Allogeneic CD19 CAR T cells demonstrated promising overall and durable complete response rates with a manageable safety profile in CD19 CAR T-naive patients with R/R LBCL, supporting additional evaluation of cema-cel in patients with LBCL.
Generalized nonlocal optical response in linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients of a semiconductor quantum dot coupled to a noble metal nanoparticle
Authors: Liu Guanghui , Liu Yecai , Chen Gengyan , Wu Feng , Zheng Yunbao , Guo Kangxian , Lu Liangliang
Published: February 2025

Hybrid nanostructures composed of a semiconductor quantum dot (SQD) and a metal nanoparticle (MNP) are appealing candidates for the investigation of exotic optoelectronic properties and their potential applications due to the coupling between exciton in SQD and surface plasmon in MNP. In most studies on the SQD-MNP hybrid nanostructures, the conventional local response approximation (LRA) is deployed to model the MNP, but the classical LRA fails to interpret experimental results such as the size-dependent frequency shifts and damping of surface plasmon in quantum-sized MNP for decreasing the MNP size. The generalized nonlocal optical response (GNOR) model is a generalization and an extension of the hydrodynamic Drude model, and it can explain surprisingly well the aforementioned experimental results of noble MNP. In this paper, we provide a comparison of the linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients (OACs) of the hybridized SQD based on the GNOR model and the LRA model, where silver MNP is adopted. In contrast to the LRA model, the GNOR model not only suggests an enhancement in the peak values of the linear and nonlinear OACs of the hybridized SQD but also causes a blue shift and a smaller spectral linewidth in the linear and nonlinear OACs of the hybridized SQD, the feature for which is more pronounced for small SQD-MNP surface distance. Our work also demonstrates the convergence of the GNOR model to the LRA model for the linear and nonlinear OACs of the hybridized SQD by increasing the SQD-MNP surface distance or increasing the MNP radius. Moreover, the linear and nonlinear OACs of the hybridized SQD as a function of the distance are discussed based on the two models, thereby allowing us to find stronger linear and nonlinear OACs. In addition, the impact of the incident optical intensity on the total OACs of the hybridized SQD under strong and weak exciton-plasmon couplings is discussed based on the two models. Our findings pave the way for optimized designs of linear and nonlinear nanophotonic devices with small footprints by utilizing such hybrid nanostructure made of SQD and quantum-sized noble MNP.
Semi-supervised dual generative adversarial network for low-dose CT artifact suppression
Authors: Hong Shangguan , Ren Huiying , Zhang Xiong , Li Xinzhong , Ali Zulfiqur , Cui Xueying , Li ZhangLong , Zhang Jiali
Published: February 2025

Supervised learning-based deep learning methods have enabled performance improvements in denoising low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). However, there are practical difficulties in data acquisition, and the use of paired CT training samples is not sufficient. Furthermore, it is difficult to directly apply supervised learning approaches to unpaired CT image data. To address these issues, we designed a semi-supervised dual generative adversarial network, which not only leverages paired data for the supervised training of denoising networks but also uses a large amount of unpaired data for training to improve the networks’ performance. Through alternating iterations of supervised and unsupervised training, and utilizing the combined training of paired and unpaired data, we achieved effective suppression of artifacts and noise in LDCT. In the design of the network structure, the task of LDCT image generation and noise reduction is performed through the interactive confrontation training of two generative adversarial networks. In addition, a multi-description loss function corresponding to the network training mode is designed to improve the stability of the semi-supervised network training and the algorithm performance. The experimental results show that, compared with existing supervised and unsupervised noise reduction methods, the proposed network approach can achieve better noise reduction while effectively preserving the original structure of the CT images.
Metasurface-based non-orthogonal tri-channel polarization multiplexing for optical encryption [Invited]
Authors: Liu Yu , Huo Xing-Yuan , Xiao Yu-Tong , Peng Ruwen , Wang Mu
Published: February 2025

Orthogonal polarization multiplexing is typically required to avoid crosstalk between channels. However, for practical applications in optical information encryption, orthogonal polarization channels are vulnerable to decoding. Using non-orthogonal polarization channels can enhance information security. Here, we extend the conventional Jones matrix approach to achieve non-orthogonal tri-channel polarization multiplexing metasurfaces for optical encryption via optical holography. Using a supercell configuration with two pairs of α-Si meta-atoms, we experimentally demonstrate metasurface-based multiplexing under three linear polarization channels, including copolarized and non-copolarized channels. This design strategy is further extended to circular and elliptical polarization channels, which exhibits minimum crosstalk. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we implement two optical encryption applications, i.e., image encryption and character encryption, based on non-orthogonal polarization-multiplexed metasurfaces. For image encryption, encrypted images are generated only in the correct polarization channels. While using seven different statuses of metasurface under various polarization channels, we also present a character encryption scheme. We envision that the non-orthogonal polarization multiplexing metasurface platform will open new possibilities in optical communication, optical encoding, and information security.
Kodifikace českého soukromého práva, zejména ve vztahu k úpravě obchodních vztahů
Authors: Pelikánová Irena
Published: February 2025

The Civil Law codification certainly is of utmost importance, however, its conception has been insufficiently prepared. It was the intended subject-matter of the Civil Code that was full of compromises and has ty ideas. Yet at the time of its publication, the possibility still existed that further work might clarify, elaborate and strengthen the conception, giving thus the proposal a firm shape and, consequently, a material fit for further use could have been accomplished. The general part of the Civil Code as arranged according to sections is, in its wording, in a loose relation to all models employed. This results in inconsiderate, inaccurate, and unclear formulations, which might produce never ending problems of interpretation. This aspect of the text combined with terminological and conceptual adventures would result in disintegration of terminology of the whole of the system of law on one hand, and uselessness of a substantial part of the available sources and reports on court decisions on the other hand. The fundamental defect of the conception of the published part of the Civil Code as arranged according to sections is equivocating over the tendency to take over ideas and the endeavour to include in the Code absolutely incoherent and frequently entirely unsuitable influences (especially the regulation of companies in the Commercial Code influenced by European directives and a number of quite foreign elements). The intended subject-matter of the Commercial Code has been affected by controversies as early as in the stage of its adoption while critical reflections were merely registered. As the proposal for the general part of the Civil Code shows (e.g. the provision on entrepreneurs included in the Civil Code), the authors have not accomplished the completion of the conception of the Commercial Code. What is obvious is their unwillingness to accept the idea of commercial codification, which brings them to the creation of merely a kind of waste basket deprived of any unifying conceptual framework. After the adoption of the submitted proposals, the Czech law would begin in the year zero.
Kodifikace soukromého práva a ochrana životního prostředí
Authors: Damohorský Milan
Published: February 2025

The article deals with the environmental law consequences of the prepared codification of Czech Private Law. It especially focuses on the ownership of the environmental components as well as on the issues concerning liability for environmental detriment on the contraposition to the civil law liability for economical damage to environment. Other parts are dedicated to the rights of the neighbourhood towards land and trees as well as to the environmental liability for old (historical) contaminations of the sites. The results become recommendations for some useful changes and amendments to the Czech Civil Code.
Požadavky kladené na nový zákoník práce
Authors: Hůrka Petr
Published: February 2025

The article aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion about the new Labour Code. The subject-matter of the Labour Code’s legislation – dependent work – is defined in the introduction. In addition to the basic principles of Labour Law, the article deals with relation of the Civil Code to the Labour Code and with representation of employees. Main part of the article addresses employment relationship. Some proposals of factual changes, e.g. in the sphere of working hours and compensation for damages are indicated in conclusion.
Organ development in growth‐restricted fetuses in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure rat model: A vascular approach of brain, heart, and kidney
Authors: Alhama‐Riba J. , van Kammen C. M. , Nijholt K. T. , Viveen D. , Amarouchi K. , Shasha D. , Krebber M. M. , Hoebeek F. E. , Lely A. T. , Nijboer C. H. A. , Terstappen F.
Published: February 2025

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) increases the risk of developing cardiovascular, renal, and neurovascular diseases. An overlapping vascular pathophysiology as a response to chronic hypoxia and circulatory redistribution in utero, might underlie this lifelong burden. This study aims to assess potential vascular detoriations in multiple organs following FGR using the Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) rat model. The fetal brain, heart, and kidney were collected (RUPP n = 16 vs. sham n = 13) at embryonic day (E)19 for histological assessment of various aspects of vascular and structural development. Results indicated similar microvascularisation in all organs between the groups. Structural assessment demonstrated a decreased brain area and thickness of the somatosensory cortex and thicker right ventricular wall of the heart (not driven by increased proliferation) in RUPP fetuses, and no differences in renal development. In conclusion, the fetal stage might be too early to detect detoriation in organ vasculature, while this study did reveal subtle alterations in structural development of mostly the brain, followed by the heart with sparing of the kidneys. Potentially compensatory mechanisms may be at play at this fetal stage. Nevertheless, small subclinical adaptations could make the FGR offspring more susceptible for second hits with manifestation at older age.
A non-overwintering urban population of the African fig fly (Diptera: Drosophilidae) impacts the reproductive output of locally adapted fruit flies
Authors: Kohlmeier Pinar , Kohlmeier Philip
Published: February 2025

The African fig fly, Zaprionus indianus (Gupta) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is a highly invasive species originally from tropical Africa that has rapidly spread across the Americas, first arriving via Brazil and subsequently via Florida. Monitoring efforts have primarily focused on orchards which might underestimate the actual spread of Z. indianus because the species may also thrive in natural habitats, urban areas, and other unmanaged environments that are not routinely surveyed. This study investigates the ability of Z. indianus to establish non-overwintering populations in urban environments and its potential impact on local Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) populations. Over 41 weeks, the presence and population dynamics of Z. indianus were monitored in a residential area in Memphis, Tennessee, alongside D. melanogaster. The study also examined the effects of interspecific competition between these two species through competitive breeding assays. Results show that Z. indianus successfully established a stable population during the summer and fall of 2023 but failed to survive the winter as the Z. indianus population was likely eradicated during the cold weather. Additionally, the presence of Z. indianus was found to reduce the reproductive output of D. melanogaster females, although the impact was less severe compared to intraspecific competition among D. melanogaster. These findings highlight the need for increased monitoring of Z. indianus in urban areas across North America, as such environments may serve as reservoirs facilitating the spread of this pest into agricultural sites.
Thermal conductivity of lunar regolith simulant using a thermal microscope
Authors: Kudo Naoto , Watanabe Shunsuke , Nishi Tsuyoshi , Ohta Hiromichi , Tachikawa Sumitaka , Endo Rie
Published: February 2025

In this study, thermal effusivity distributions of two polished JSC-1A particles, a lunar regolith-simulating material, were measured using a thermal microscope. The results confirmed that the average thermal effusivity of the JSC-1A single particle was approximately half that of the FJS-1 single particle, a different type of lunar regolith-simulating material measured by a similar method. Also, the thermal effusivities of the existing mineral phases of pyroxene and anorthite in the particles were obtained and were comparable to those reported in the literature. A possible reason for the lower thermal conductivity of JSC-1A than that of FJS-1 could be the differences in the ratio of the mineral phases, and phase boundaries between the mineral phases.
„Say on Climate“ in der GmbH – Gesellschafterklagen bei (nicht-)nachhaltiger Geschäftsführung
Authors: Richter Johannes
Published: February 2025

43Das „Say on Climate“ der Gesellschafter wird im GmbH-Recht bislang praktisch nicht diskutiert; auch hier ist das „Klimamitspracherecht“ jedoch von Relevanz, jedenfalls insoweit es eine materielle Entscheidungskompetenz beschreibt. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, inwiefern die Gesellschafter zu beteiligen sind, wenn die Geschäftsleitung – etwa auch auf Kosten des Profits – Klimaschutzmaßnahmen ergreifen will. Droht die Umsetzung einer solchen Maßnahme, ohne dass die (Minderheits-)Gesellschafter im notwendigen Maße beteiligt wurden, können diese ihr „Say on Climate“ klageweise verteidigen, wobei eine Unterlassungsklage in drei Varianten denkbar ist: als Geltendmachung des verbandsrechtlichen Unterlassungsanspruchs, als actio negatoria pro socio und als negatorische Klage analog § 1004 Abs. 1 BGB.
Structure of the algorithm for modeling optimal movement of a compound dynamic system
Authors:   NTUU "KPI", Lysenko O.I. , Shevchenko V.L. ,   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Tachynina O.M. ,   National Aviation University, Ponomarenko S.O. ,   NTUU "KPI", Guida O.H. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Taurida National University
Published: February 2025

The work is devoted to the development of the structure of the algorithm for modeling the optimal movement of complex dynamic systems (SDS) along a branched trajectory. Complex systems are called systems consisting of separate subsystems, the flight trajectories of which differ and are called branched. Branched trajectories should consist of trajectory segments, the first of which will be common to the entire SDS, and the other trajectory branches will be different, as each subsystem moves to its goal along its own trajectory segment. The proposed algorithm makes it possible to optimize such trajectories in real time and to carry out operational correction of SDS trajectories in the event of the occurrence of unpredictable influencing factors. It is known that the effectiveness of the SDS functioning between structural transformations depends on the coordinates of the mutual location and speed of each subsystem and the choice of optimal moments of time for structural transformations. The efficiency of determining these parameters during the flight is fundamentally important. The necessary conditions for the optimality of the trajectory of the SDS movement are found, which are universal for problems with any finite number of trajectory branches. The implementation of the proposed conditions will allow to reduce the number of computational procedures in the control calculations in conditions of uncertainty of the initial conditions. These conditions are the methodological basis for the development of computational algorithms for modeling the optimal trajectories of the SDS movement. The necessary optimality conditions have a clear physical meaning and are technological and user-friendly. The results of the research presented in the article are important and relevant for the construction of the laws of trajectory control of existing and prospective SDS.
Design methodology of multimedia applications for gaming engines with a component-oriented architectural stile
Authors:   NTUU "KPI", Bezditnyi V.M. , Chebanyuk О.V. ,   Instituto de Investigación en Inteligencia Artificial
Published: February 2025

The article presents the methodology of designing multimedia applications for game engines with a componentoriented architectural style. The work emphasizes the importance of choosing the appropriate architectural pattern, taking into account the features of modern game engines such as Unity, Unreal Engine and Godot Engine. The key problems and challenges associated with the design of flexible and scalable architectures are indicated. The life cycle model of the user interaction session with the application is described, which includes three main stages: Bootstrap, GameLoop and Dispose. The importance of controlling transient processes between life cycle states to ensure the correct functioning of the application is shown. For a better organization of the interaction of services, the mathematical apparatus of the theory of categories and sets is applied, which allows you to clearly define and manage dependencies and relationships between components. The advantages of using category theory for modeling and managing data flows and dependencies in the system, in particular through functors and monads, are described. These approaches enable the creation of adaptive and scalable systems that are easy to maintain and extend. The work contains practical recommendations for designing the architecture of game applications, taking into account the specifics of component-oriented and service-oriented architectural styles. The need for regular review and updating of the project architecture in accordance with changes in requirements and operating conditions is substantiated. A methodology is proposed, which is a theoretical basis for the development of flexible architectures of multimedia applications. It takes into account the specifics of component-oriented and service-oriented architectural styles, as well as the peculiarities of the functioning of game engines. Examples of the practical application of the proposed theoretical approaches in real projects are also considered in the work, which demonstrates their effectiveness and applicability in various contexts of game application development. These examples include concrete implementations of patterns, state management using the State Machine, and optimizing interaction between components through Service Locator and Dependency Injection.
Approach of the epidemiological situation of Coxiella burnetii in South America: Epidemiological situation of Coxiella burnetii in South America
Authors:   Universidad de los Andes, Alvarez-Osorio Andrea K , Parra Miguel H ,   Universidad el Bosque, Montoya-Ruiz Carolina ,   Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Published: February 2025

Background: Coxiella burnetii is recognized as the causative agent of Q fever, a zoonotic disease affecting both humans and animals. It exhibits antigenic variation in two phases: Phase I and Phase II. The latter is primarily linked to the acute form of Q fever, characterized by symptoms such as pneumonia and hepatitis. This acute manifestation can affect various mammal species includes humans. Objective: Due to the limited information available in South America, we conducted a review of its epidemiology between the years 2000 and 2020 to consolidate data. This review was complemented by an assessment of the presence of IgG Phase II antibodies in a population in Córdoba, Colombia. Results: Epidemiological data revealed the presence of this pathogen in humans, animals, and even food sources, with variable seropositivity rates varying by region for both humans and animals. Notably, most registered cases in humans were associated with the acute phase, while most animals displayed reproductive issues. The evaluation of IgG Phase II antibodies in the population of Córdoba, indicated a seropositivity rate of 4.52%. Conclusion: These findings underscore the reality that C. burnetii poses a significant and possibly underestimated threat in Latino America and Colombia.
Rola czasu w kontekście terroru nazistowskiego. Analiza Noweli Szachowej Stefana Zweiga
Authors: Wilk Anna
Published: February 2025

Stefan Zweig, an outstanding Austrian writer of the 20th century, referring to Johann Wolfgang Goethe’s theory of the novella, depicts in his The Royal Game an unheard story: the meeting of two talented chess players. It is a collision of two extremes, personifying barbarism and humanism. This article traces how Zweig employs time in his work on two levels: historical and psychological. A detailed analysis explores how Zweig portrays the realities of National Socialist terror and its impact on the human psyche.