bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of 0.01% low dose atropine and its correlation with various factors in myopia control in the Indian population
Authors: Chaurasia Shweta , Negi Seema , Kumar Ashok , Raj Srishti , Kaushik Sushmita , Optom Rahul Khanna M. , Kishore Pranav , Dogra Mangat Ram
Published: May 2022

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose atropine compared to placebo in the Indian population and also to study the impact of various modifiable and non-modifiable factors on myopia progression (MP) and drug efficacy (DE). It was a single-centre prospective placebo-controlled interventional study. 43 participants aged 6–16 years with progressive myopia received 0.01% atropine in the right eyes (treatment) and placebo in the left eyes (control) for 1-year. The main outcome measures were annual MP and axial length elongation (ALE) in treatment and control eyes and their percentage difference between two eyes (drug efficacy). Secondary outcome measures were the occurrence of any adverse events and the correlation of MP, ALE, and DE with various factors. 40 participants (80 eyes) completed the follow-up. After 1-year, MP was 0.25 D (IQR 0.13–0.44) and 0.69 D (IQR 0.50–1.0) (p < 0.001) in treatment and control respectively (63.89% reduction) with respective ALE of 0.14 mm (IQR 0.05–0.35) and 0.32 mm (IQR 0.19–0.46) (p < 0.001) (44.44% reduction). No adverse events were noted. Reduction in MP and ALE was statistically significant in all children irrespective of age-group, baseline MP, family history, screen-time, near and outdoor-time. The strongest determinants of annual MP were age (Treatment: r = − 0.418, p = 0.007; Control: r = − 0.452, p = 0.003) and baseline MP (Treatment: r = 0.64, p = 0.000; Control: r = 0.79, p = 0.000). Screen-time in control eyes was associated with greater ALE (r = 0.620, p = 0.042). DE was higher when outdoor time exceeded 2 h/day (p = 0.035) while the efficacy was lower with prolonged near activities (p = 0.03), baseline fast-progressors (p < 0.05) and history of parental myopia (p < 0.05). 0.01% atropine is effective and safe in retarding MP and ALE in Indian eyes.
Lymphocyte activation gene-3-associated protein networks are associated with HDL-cholesterol and mortality in the Trans-omics for Precision Medicine program
Authors: Manichaikul Ani , Lin Honghuang , Kang Chansuk , Yang Chaojie , Rich Stephen S. , Taylor Kent D. , Guo Xiuqing , Rotter Jerome I. , Craig Johnson W. , Cornell Elaine , Tracy Russell P. , Peter Durda J. , Liu Yongmei , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Adrienne Cupples L. , Gerszten Robert E. , Clish Clary B. , Jain Deepti , Conomos Matthew P. , Blackwell Thomas , Papanicolaou George J. , Rodriguez Annabelle
Published: May 2022

Deficiency of the immune checkpoint lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3) protein is significantly associated with both elevated HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and myocardial infarction risk. We determined the association of genetic variants within ±500 kb of LAG3 with plasma LAG3 and defined LAG3-associated plasma proteins with HDL-C and clinical outcomes. Whole genome sequencing and plasma proteomics were obtained from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) cohorts as part of the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine program. In situ Hi-C chromatin capture was performed in EBV-transformed cell lines isolated from four MESA participants. Genetic association analyses were performed in MESA using multivariate regression models, with validation in FHS. A LAG3-associated protein network was tested for association with HDL-C, coronary heart disease, and all-cause mortality. We identify an association between the LAG3 rs3782735 variant and plasma LAG3 protein. Proteomics analysis reveals 183 proteins significantly associated with LAG3 with four proteins associated with HDL-C. Four proteins discovered for association with all-cause mortality in FHS shows nominal associations in MESA. Chromatin capture analysis reveals significant cis interactions between LAG3 and C1S, LRIG3, TNFRSF1A, and trans interactions between LAG3 and B2M. A LAG3-associated protein network has significant associations with HDL-C and mortality.
Statistical parametrization of cell cytoskeleton reveals lung cancer cytoskeletal phenotype with partial EMT signature
Authors: Basu Arkaprabha , Paul Manash K. , Alioscha-Perez Mitchel , Grosberg Anna , Sahli Hichem , Dubinett Steven M. , Weiss Shimon
Published: May 2022

Epithelial–mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a multi-step process that involves cytoskeletal rearrangement. Here, developing and using an image quantification tool, Statistical Parametrization of Cell Cytoskeleton (SPOCC), we have identified an intermediate EMT state with a specific cytoskeletal signature. We have been able to partition EMT into two steps: (1) initial formation of transverse arcs and dorsal stress fibers and (2) their subsequent conversion to ventral stress fibers with a concurrent alignment of fibers. Using the Orientational Order Parameter (OOP) as a figure of merit, we have been able to track EMT progression in live cells as well as characterize and quantify their cytoskeletal response to drugs. SPOCC has improved throughput and is non-destructive, making it a viable candidate for studying a broad range of biological processes. Further, owing to the increased stiffness (and by inference invasiveness) of the intermediate EMT phenotype compared to mesenchymal cells, our work can be instrumental in aiding the search for future treatment strategies that combat metastasis by specifically targeting the fiber alignment process.
Sense of self impacts spatial navigation and hexadirectional coding in human entorhinal cortex
Authors: Moon Hyuk-June , Gauthier Baptiste , Park Hyeong-Dong , Faivre Nathan , Blanke Olaf
Published: May 2022

Grid cells in entorhinal cortex (EC) encode an individual’s location in space and rely on environmental cues and self-motion cues derived from the individual’s body. Body-derived signals are also primary signals for the sense of self and based on integrated sensorimotor signals (proprioceptive, tactile, visual, motor) that have been shown to enhance self-centered processing. However, it is currently unknown whether such sensorimotor signals that modulate self-centered processing impact grid cells and spatial navigation. Integrating the online manipulation of bodily signals, to modulate self-centered processing, with a spatial navigation task and an fMRI measure to detect grid cell-like representation (GCLR) in humans, we report improved performance in spatial navigation and decreased GCLR in EC. This decrease in entorhinal GCLR was associated with an increase in retrosplenial cortex activity, which was correlated with participants’ navigation performance. These data link self-centered processes during spatial navigation to entorhinal and retrosplenial activity and highlight the role of different bodily factors at play when navigating in VR.
Decellularization of porcine kidney with submicellar concentrations of SDS results in the retention of ECM proteins required for the adhesion and maintenance of human adult renal epithelial cells
Authors: Bongolan Tonya , Whiteley Jennifer , Castillo-Prado Jorge , Fantin Amanda , Larsen Brett , Wong Cassandra J. , Mazilescu Laura , Kawamura Masataka , Urbanellis Peter , Jonebring Anna , Salter Eric , Collingridge Graham , Gladdy Rebecca , Hicks Ryan , Gingras Anne-Claude , Selzner Markus , Rogers Ian M.
Published: May 2022

When decellularizing kidneys, it is important to maintain the integrity of the acellular ECM, including associated adhesion proteins and growth factors that allow recellularized cells to adhere and migrate according to ECM specificity.
Dissociation of ammonia borane and its subsequent nucleation on the Ru(0001) surface revealed by density functional theoretical simulations
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Zhao Ruiqi
Published: May 2022

The detailed dissociation of ammonia borane and its subsequent nucleation on the Ru(0001) surface were systematically studied based on density functional theoretical calculations.
Photochemical regioselective C–H arylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives using chlorophyll as a biocatalyst and diazonium salts
Authors: Moazzam Ali , Farid Sara Moghadam , Khaleghi Nima , Alizadeh Naeimeh , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: May 2022

This communication describes the development of a mild method for the arylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine with diazonium salt derivatives and using chlorophyll as a biocatalyst via visible-light catalysis.
Single-particle spectroelectrochemistry: electrochemical tuning of plasmonic properties via mercury amalgamation in mesoporous silica coated gold nanorods without structural deformation
Authors: Alizar Yola Yolanda , Ha Ji Won
Published: May 2022

This paper presented the possibility of the in situ tuning of the LSPR properties of AuNRs@mSiO2 by Hg deposition via electrochemical potential manipulations without the disturbance of the structural variations of AuNR cores.
In silico design and fabrication of an SFI chip-based microspheroid culture system
Authors: Park Soon-Jung , Jung Taek-Hee , Kim Jong Hyun , Lee Kyoung-Yong , Kim Jeongyun , Ju Jongil , Moon Sung-Hwan
Published: May 2022

The emergence of microfluidic devices and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has propelled the need for next-generation biomimetic cell culture platforms that are flexible for monitoring and regulation.
An organic-Ru2+ cluster-initiated dendritic faced metallo-octahedron and its unpredictable photoactivity
Authors: Jiang Zhiyuan , Wu Tun , Li Yiming , Wang Jun , Chen Mingzhao , Su PeiYang , Zhang Zhe , Xie Ting-Zheng , Wang Pingshan
Published: May 2022

A novel 3D metal-organic ligand and Zn2+ can give rise to the dendritic-faced metallo-octahedron. Remarkably, octahedron 6 displayed unexpected photosensitization ability which could produce singlet oxygen (1O2) under white light irradiation.
Bi-doped carbon dots for a stable lithium metal anode
Authors: Tu Hanyu , Li Shuo , Luo Zheng , Xu Laiqiang , Zhang Hao , Xiang Yinger , Deng Wentao , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo
Published: May 2022

The lithiophilic Bi-CDs with abundant polar groups preferentially absorb lithium ions and can be homogeneously dispersed in the electrolyte, which will eventually form a smooth plating surface.
Two-photon fluorescence imaging of the cerebral peroxynitrite stress in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Xie Xilei , Liu Yawen , Liu Guangzhao , Zhao Yuying , Liu Jinyan , Li Yong , Zhang Jian , Jiao Xiaoyun , Wang Xu , Tang Bo
Published: May 2022

A two-photon fluorescent probe enabled in situ visualization of overwhelming peroxynitrite flux during amyloid-β-induced neuronal ferroptosis and cerebral peroxynitrite stress in live mice with Alzheimer's disease.
Structure directing roles of weak noncovalent interactions and charge-assisted hydrogen bonds in the self-assembly of solvated podands: an example of an anion-assisted dimeric water capsule
Authors: Dey Sandeep Kumar , Harmalkar Sarvesh S. , Yadav Rahul K. H. O. , Lama Prem
Published: May 2022

A 4-aminopyridinium-functionalized mesitylene-based podand could facilitate the formation of a dimeric capsular assembly due to the complementary hydrogen bonding mediated by bromide counterions and lattice water.
Anion⋯anion interaction within Ch(CH3)X4−(Ch = S, Se, Te; X = Cl, Br, I) dimers stabilized by chalcogen bonds
Authors: Wysokiński Rafał
Published: May 2022

Ch(C6H5)X4−(Ch = S, Se, Te; X = Cl, Br, I) ions can engage with one another despite their strong mutual coulombic repulsion. Noncovalently bonded stacked dimers of like-charged monomers are stabilized by the chalcogen bonds.
Providing theoretical insight into the role of symmetry in the photoisomerization mechanism of a non-symmetric dithienylethene photoswitch
Authors: Salazar Edison , Reinink Suzanne , Faraji Shirin
Published: May 2022

Dithienylethene photoswitches have shown to be excellent candidates in the design of efficient optoelectronic devices, due to their high photoisomerization quantum yield, for which symmetry is suggested to play a crucial role.
Stepwise dissociation of ion pairs by water molecules: cation-dependent separation mechanisms between carboxylate and alkali-earth metal ions
Authors: Donon Jeremy , Bardaud Jean-Xavier , Brenner Valérie , Ishiuchi Shun-Ichi , Fujii Masaaki , Gloaguen Eric
Published: May 2022

The first steps of ion dissociation in microhydrated H2-tagged ion pairs (Ca2+, AcO−)(H2O)n=0–8 and (Ba2+, AcO−)(H2O)n=0–5 are revealed by IR photodissociation laser spectroscopy and DFT-D frequency calculations.
Interpreting the variations in the kinetic and potential energies in the formation of a covalent bond
Authors: Clark Timothy , Politzer Peter , Murray Jane S.
Published: May 2022

We address the long-standing controversy as to the physical origin of covalent bonding, whether it involves a lowering of the potential energy or a lowering of the kinetic energy.
A light-controlled biocatalytic system for precise regulation of enzymatic decarboxylation
Authors: Cheng Feng , Wu Dong-Yang , Liang Xi-Hang , Wang Cheng-Jiao , Weng Jia-Qi , Zou Shu-Ping , Xu Jian-Miao , Xue Ya-Ping , Zheng Yu-Guo
Published: May 2022

A light-controlled biocatalytic one-pot system is developed, which enables precise regulation of gene expression and photocatalysis by illumination and yields high conversion and stereoselectivity.
Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of mixed anhydridesviacarbonylative telomerization
Authors: Hares Kevin , Vogelsang Dennis , Wernsdörfer Charlotte S. , Panke Dennis , Vogt Dieter , Seidensticker Thomas
Published: May 2022

For the first time, palladium-catalyzed carbonylative telomerization enables the one-step synthesis of mixed carboxylic anhydrides directly from butadiene. These anhydrides are versatile intermediates and were used to form amides.
Digestion characteristics of quinoa, barley and mungbean proteins and the effects of their simulated gastrointestinal digests on CCK secretion in enteroendocrine STC-1 cells
Authors: Song Hongdong , Fu Qiuyun , Huang Kai , Zou Zhiying , Chen Limin , Chen Hulin , Ge Shaocheng , Wang Jing , Guan Xiao
Published: May 2022

The demand for plant-based proteins has been rapidly increasing due to sustainability, ethical and health reasons.
Fundamentals, biomedical applications and future potential of micro-scale cavitation-a review
Authors: Seyedmirzaei Sarraf Seyedali , Rokhsar Talabazar Farzad , Namli Ilayda , Maleki Mohammadamin , Sheibani Aghdam Araz , Gharib Ghazaleh , Grishenkov Dmitry , Ghorbani Morteza , Koşar Ali
Published: May 2022

A fundamental literature review of micro-scale cavitation and its applications for bio-related practices.
Photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of nickel carbide: examination of the low-lying electronic states
Authors: Liu Zhiling , Lin Qingyang , Li Ya , He Jing , Jiao Jingmei , Liu Lianxia , Yan Yonghong , Wu Hai-Shun , Zhang Fuqiang , Jia Jianfeng , Xie Hua
Published: May 2022

Ground-state NiC is better described as involving one electron-sharing σ bond, one electron-sharing π bond, and one dative π bond.
Turn-on silicon-based fluorescent probe for visualizing endogenous CO during hypoxia
Authors: Gai Fengqing , Guo Xuewen , Ding Guowei , Zhang Kun , Zhang Yafang , Zuo Yujing
Published: May 2022

A turn-on fluorescent probe for the fast imaging of endogenous CO has been developed and applied under different stimuli and hypoxia.
Insight into the effects of the crystal phase of Ru over ultrathin Ru@Pt core–shell nanosheets for methanol electrooxidation
Authors: Li Junjun , Hou Man , Zhang Zhicheng
Published: May 2022

Ultrathin fcc Ru nanosheets coated with a few-layer Pt shell, referred to as Rufcc@Pt NSs, exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic activity and durability toward the methanol oxidation reaction compared to the Ruhcp@Pt NSs and the commercial Pt/C catalyst.
Structure–property relationship on insertion of fluorine- versus nitrogen substituents in wide bandgap polymer donors for non-fullerene solar cells: an interesting case study
Authors: Kini Gururaj P. , Han Yong Woon , Jeon Sung Jae , Lee Yoon Jae , Moon Doo Kyung
Published: May 2022

This work provides structure–property relationship into the effect of the insertion of fluorine- and nitrogen substituents on the polymer backbone, which were tested for organic solar cells applications.
Generation of a transient base-stabilised arylalumylene for the facile deconstruction of aromatic molecules
Authors: Dhara Debabrata , Jayaraman Arumugam , Härterich Marcel , Dewhurst Rian D. , Braunschweig Holger
Published: May 2022

Attempts to form a base-stabilised arylalumylene by reducing an NHC-coordinated diiodoterphenylalane led to a masked dialumene. Reactivity studies showed it decouples to initially aimed arylalumylene, which easily deconstructs less reactive arenes.
Naphthalene dithiol additive reduces trap-assisted recombination and improves outdoor operational stability of organic solar cells
Authors: Martynov Ilya V. , Akkuratov Alexander , Troshin Pavel A. , Visoly-Fisher Iris , Katz Eugene A.
Published: May 2022

The NDT-stabilized devices exhibited suppressed trap – assisted recombination and improved operational stability. Thus, NDT might serve as a prospective stabilizing additive for the development of efficient and stable organic solar cells.
The origin of chaos in the Solar System through computer algebra
Authors: Mogavero Federico , Laskar Jacques
Published: May 2022

The discovery of the chaotic motion of the planets in the Solar System dates back more than 30 years. Still, no analytical theory has satisfactorily addressed the origin of chaos so far. Implementing canonical perturbation theory in the computer algebra system TRIP, we systematically retrieve the secular resonances at work along the orbital solution of a forced long-term dynamics of the inner planets. We compare the time statistic of their half-widths to the ensemble distribution of the maximum Lyapunov exponent and establish dynamical sources of chaos in an unbiased way. New resonances are predicted by the theory and checked against direct integrations of the Solar System. The image of an entangled dynamics of the inner planets emerges.
Effect of sediment embedding ratio on the cathode electrochemical performance in marine microbial fuel cells on ocean floor
Authors: LIU Xinpei , LI Yang , ZHAO Yangguo , FU Yubin
Published: May 2022

In the long-term electricity generation and driving sensor work process of marine sediment microbial fuel cells(MSMFCs), its cathode in the seawater may be embedded into the marine sediment, which will affect the electrochemical performance and lead to MSMFCs failure. The article simulated the embedding ratio of cathodes in sediment in the laboratory: 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, in order to investigate the changes of the electrochemical performance of the cathode and the electricity generation performance of MSMFCs. The results show that: the open circuit potential dropped and the required longer steady time with the higher embedding ratio of the cathode. Its capacitance decreased gradually, and the minimum capacitance was 32 F/cm2 (2/3 group), which was 0.72 times of the Blank. The kinetic activity decreased firstly and then increased, and its maximum activity was 1.61 times of the Blank (2/3 group); The maximum power density of the MSMFCs was 140.83 mW/m2 (1/3 group), which was 1.21 times of the Blank. With the increase of embedding ratio of the cathode in the marine sediment, its electrochemical performance and electricity generation performance of MSMFCs both fluctuates, but the normal operation of MSMFCs can still be ensured.
A flexible scaling self-healing method for morphology of swarm robots
Authors: WANG Sunxin , WANG Yanming , KONG Jie , SHEN Gaopan
Published: May 2022

The paper studies the formed body after completing its autonomous formation task and then proposes a self-healing method that flexibly scales with the scale of the loss in the situation that a large-scale swarm robot is locally missing due to external disturbances. With the stratified mechanism that includes layer-by-layer separation, layer-by-layer filling and iteration loop, the macro-level behavior of a swarm robot is transformed to the local action of an individual robot within the edge layers of the current aggregate. Based on the existing formation technique, driven by the shape genes of the formed body and the changes in the scale of population, the self-healing goal of the large scale of population is transformed into the similar scale of the formed body after scaling. Through the self-healing movement control method centered on individual behavior rules, the bottom-up self-healing configuration is presented on a scaled scale. The paper verifies the feasibility and scalability of this novel method through simulations. The maximum number of robots can reach tens of thousands. Finally, the self-healing method is used to implement the Cilibot robot, a hardware system developed by our laboratory.
Startklar für die digitale Gesundheitswelt
Authors: Streber René , Diefenbach Karolin , Peters Stefan
Published: May 2022

Die Digitalisierung hält zunehmend Einzug in das Gesundheitswesen und
bringt vielerlei neue Leistungen und Gesundheitsangebote sowie Begrifflichkeiten
mit sich. Gleichzeitig besteht großer Handlungsbedarf zur
Förderung der digitalen Gesundheitskompetenz der
Bevölkerung.

Der Deutsche Verband für Gesundheitssport und Sporttherapie e.V. erhielt
von der DAK-Gesundheit den Auftrag zur Konzeption, Realisierung und Evaluation
einer Maßnahme zur Förderung der digitalen Gesundheitskompetenz.
Insbesondere sollten Personen im mittleren bis hohen Erwachsenenalter mit einer
niedrigen digitalen Gesundheitskompetenz adressiert werden. Für die
Rekrutierung wurden seitens der DAK-Gesundheit analoge und digitale
Kommunikationskanäle genutzt.

Zur Förderung der digitalen Gesundheitskompetenz wurde ein
60-minütiger Online-Vortrag mit folgenden Themen entwickelt:
Gesundheitswebseiten, Qualitätssiegel und Qualitätskriterien,
Online Video-Sprechstunde, Elektronisches Rezept, App-Angebote für
Serviceleistungen, digitale Angebote in den Bereichen Prävention und
Gesundheitsförderung, Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGAs) und
digitale Angebote zur Fortbildung im Bereich der häuslichen Pflege.

Zwischen September 2021 und Dezember 2021 wurden acht Online-Vorträge
realisiert, an denen 901 Personen teilnahmen. Die Evaluation basiert auf den
Angaben von n=361 (40% der Teilnehmenden). 90% davon
haben dem Vortrag eine Gesamtbewertung von „gut“ oder
„sehr gut“ gegeben. Auch die weiteren Bewertungen deuten auf
eine hohe Zufriedenheit der Befragten mit dem Angebot hin.

Die vorliegenden Befragungsergebnisse und die vom GKV-Spitzenverband benannten
Qualitätsmerkmale können perspektivisch einer Erweiterung des
DVGS-Leistungsspektrums zur Förderung der digitalen Gesundheitskompetenz
dienen.
Do Changes in Body Shape Due to Pregnancy Lead to Cosmetic Surgery? A
Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ulubasoglu Hasan , Bakay Kadir , Guven Davut , Ak Sertac , Yagmur Caglayan , Hatirnaz Safak , Sparic Radmila , Tinelli Andrea
Published: May 2022

Objective Pregnants and puerperas show different perceptions of their body
image and appearance, so authors investigated their perceptions related to
pregnancy and puerperium, evaluating their views on cosmetic surgery, by a
cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods 5-item questionnaires were administrated to women at
first pregnancy and puerperas. Patients were submitted also to Beck Anxiety
Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Body Image Inventory (BII)
analysis, indicating the level of anxiety, depression and body dissatisfaction
for somatic changes during pregnancy and after childbirth.

Results 186 healthy women, aged between 25–35 years, equally
divided in pregnancy and puerperium, were compared in terms of body image, with
no significant difference between groups. Analyzing the item “cosmetic
surgery is required after all pregnancies”, there was a significant
difference in puerperas and the item “cosmetic surgery is necessary for
postpartum” was the principal. The comparison of BII, BDI, BAI values
between pregnants and puerperas showed a significant difference between groups
(p<0.00), with higher scores in postpartum patients.

Conclusion Body shape and physical dissatisfaction during pregnancy is
linked with increased risk of depression in pregnancy and puerperium, pushing
women to opt for cosmetic surgery, especially in puerperium.
Einsatzplanung mit TECC - Tactical Emergency Casualty Care bei prinzipieller Amoklage
Authors: Wanger Anke , Faltlhauser Martin
Published: May 2022

Am 17.02.2021 wurde in der Nacht im Briefzentrum des Flughafens München eine Paketbombe entdeckt; in den beiden Tagen zuvor waren bereits 2 ähnliche Bomben an ihren Zielen bei Firmen der Nahrungsmittelindustrie detoniert. In der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit von Feuerwehr, Polizei und Rettungsdienstes kamen diverse Aspekte der TECC (Tactical Emergency Casualty Care) zum Tragen, die in diesem Fallbericht näher beleuchtet werden.
A Selenenium-Bridged 10-Boratriptycene Lewis Acid
Authors: Chardon Aurélien , Berionni Guillaume , Osi Arnaud , Tumanov Nikolay , Wouters Johan
Published: May 2022

A non-planar triarylborane and a new member of the boratriptycene family bearing a selenium atom in bridgehead position of triptycene scaffold was generated and isolated as a boron-‘ate’ complex paired with a weakly coordinating anion. With similar electronegativity while possessing longer atom radius with respect to sulfur, the introduction a selenium atom, in the form of a selenenium moiety, at the bridgehead of a triptycene scaffold allows a very precise modification of the pyramidalization of the boron atom environment. Experimental and computational evaluation of the Lewis acidity of this new boratriptycene derivative gave qualitative information on how a modification of the pyramidalization of the boron environment affects alone Lewis acidity parameters of such pyramidal triarylborane.
Is the Size of Insulinoma Predictive for its Endocrine Behavior?
An Endoscopic Ultrasound Study
Authors: Adelmeyer Jan , Göbel Franziska , Kann Peter Herbert
Published: May 2022

Objective Insulinoma is a rare tumor of the pancreas that can lead to
spontaneous hypoglycemia due to excessive insulin secretion. Seventy-two-hour
fast is the gold standard for finding the correct diagnosis. Endoscopic
ultrasound (EUS) is an established examination method to identify the
suspicious lesion. Previous studies correlate the measured size of insulinoma
and their endocrine behavior. This study was designed to find a relation between
these variables.

Methods We took the data of patients who had a histologically confirmed
insulinoma after receiving an endoscopic ultrasound in our department. Size and
echogenicity were correlated with the endpoint of the 72-hour fast and hormone
levels.

Results A total of 45 patients were identified. Most insulinomas were
small with a volume of<2 cm3 (median 1.15 cm3).
There was no correlation between the duration of fasting, hormone levels, and
the size of the insulinoma. In addition, in a subgroup analysis, no connection
could be established between the size of the insulinoma and the amount of
insulin released after oral glucose exposure. We found that homogeneous tumors
were significantly smaller and had a lower Ki-67 index. Furthermore, there was a
tendency towards a shorter duration for the 72-hour fast for the small
tumors.

Discussion This data suggests that the measured size of insulinoma by EUS
is not related to the time until termination of the 72-hour fast and measured
hormone levels. The echogenicity seems more important, showing that homogenous
tumors are an indicator of a higher differentiation, which can result in a
shorter duration of the fasting period. The differences in the secretion
behavior of the insulinomas could complicate the correlation of size and the
72-hour fast period.
Effects of Training and Taper on Neuromuscular Fatigue Profile on
100-m Swimming Performance
Authors: Ribeiro Felipe Alves , de Carvalho Carlos Dellavechia , Andreossi Júlia Causin , Miranda Douglas Rodrigues Messias , Papoti Marcelo
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effects of 6-week specific preparatory period
and 2-week taper period on neuromuscular fatigue profile in 100-m front crawl
swimming performance. Seventeen competitive-level young-adult swimmers performed
a 100-m swimming performance at baseline and after 6-week specific preparatory
followed by 2-week taper periods. Neuromuscular fatigue profile was assessed
through percutaneous electrical stimuli on the femoral nerve during a maximal
voluntary contraction performed before and immediately after each 100-m maximal
effort. Performance improved (p=0.001) 2.24 and 3.06% after
specific and taper, respectively. Potentiated peak force at post-effort
condition decreased (p<0.001) 16.26% at baseline, 11.70%
at specific, and 12.86% at taper period. Maximal voluntary contraction
force also decreased (p<0.001) at post-effort condition by about 6.77
and 9.33% at baseline and specific period, respectively. Both variables
did not present significant differences between times. No condition or time
effects were observed to superimposed peak force and voluntary activation, both
related to central fatigue. In conclusion, neuromuscular fatigue during 100-m
swimming performance was exclusively developed by peripheral mechanisms
regardless of the training period, and 2-week taper was able to prevent
decreases in maximal voluntary contraction induced by 100-m maximal effort.
Attention Effects on Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emissions with Contralateral Speech Stimuli
Authors: Timpe-Syverson Genaya Kae , Decker T. Newell
Published: May 2022

This study investigated the effect of selective attention on the distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) level through the use of environmentally meaningful, contralateral auditory stimuli. Four different conditions were used for measurement: quiet, contralateral noise, contralateral speech (unattended), and contralateral speech (attended). A statistically significant suppression effect for both the noise and speech conditions was found. However, there was no support for an auditory selective attention effect on the distortion-product amplitude.

Abbreviations: ABR = auditory brainstem response, ANOVA = analysis of variance, DPOAEs = distortion-product otoacoustic emissions, IHC = inner hair cell, MES = medial efferent system, OAEs = otoacoustic emissions, OCB = olivochlear bundle, OHC = outer hair cell, SOAEs = spontaneous otoacoustic emissions, TEOAEs = transient evoked otoacoustic emissions
Otoacoustic Emissions in Normal-Cycling Females
Authors: Yellin M. Wende , Stillman Robert D.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine if the menstrual cycle influences the amplitude of transient (TEOAEs) and distortion-product (DPOAEs) otoacoustic emissions. Thirteen normal-hearing, normal-cycling females were monitored weekly for 12 weeks. TEOAE and DPOAE amplitudes were analyzed to determine if amplitude changes could be detected and correlated to phases of the menstrual cycle. No systematic amplitude changes were observed, demonstrating that evoked OAEs are unaffected by physiologic changes associated with the menstrual cycle.

Abbreviations: ABR = auditory brainstem response, DPOAEs = distortion product otoacoustic emissions, OAEs = otoacoustic emissions, RMANOVA = repeated measures analysis of variance, SOAEs = spontaneous otoacoustic emissions, TEOAEs = transient evoked otoacoustic emissions
A mechanistic switch in C−H bond activation by elusive FeV(O)(TAML) reaction intermediate: A theoretical study
Authors: Zhou Anran , Fu Zhiqiang , Cao Xuanyu , Zhao Yufen , Wang Yong
Published: May 2022

The divergent behavior of C−H bond oxidations of aliphatic substrates compared to those of aromatic substrates shown in Gupta's experiment was mechanistically studied herein by means of density functional theory calculations. Our calculations reveal that such difference is caused by different reaction mechanisms between two kinds of substrates (the aliphatic cyclohexane, 2,3-dimethylbutane and the aromatic toluene, ethylbenzene and cumene). For the aliphatic substrates, C−H oxidation by the oxidant FeV(O)(TAML) is a hydrogen atom transfer process; whereas for the aromatic substrates, C−H oxidation is a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process with a proton transfer character on the transition state, that is, a proton-coupled electron transfer process holding a proton transfer-like transition state (PCET(PT)). This difference is caused by the strong π−π interactions between the tetra-anionic TAML ring and the phenyl ring of the aromatic substrates, which has a “pull” effect to make the electron transfer from substrates to the Fe=O moiety inefficient.
Effects of single quantum rotational excitation on reaction of F+D2 at collision energies between 44 and 164 cm−1
Authors: Jiao Zhirun , Wang Heilong , Li Yu , Zhang Hongtao , Xiao Chunlei , Yang Xueming
Published: May 2022

There is no general picture to describe the influences of reagent rotational excitation on the reaction, which proceeds via the tunnelling mechanism at collision energies far below the reaction barrier. Here we report a crossed beam study on the prototypical reaction of F + D2(v=0, j=0,1) → DF(v′) + D at collision energies between 44 and 164 cm−1 with the scheme of multichannel D-atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight detection. Vibrational state resolved differential cross sections are obtained at v′=2, 3, 4 levels. The effects of reagent rotational excitation were investigated at an equivalent amount of total energy by precise tuning of translational energies. Compared with translation, the rotation of D2 is found to be more efficient to promote the title reaction. Profound differences introduced by rotation of D2 are also observed on the angular distribution and quantum state distribution of DF products. We hope the present work could provide an example for understanding the effects of reagent rotational excitation on the chemical reaction at energies that are much lower than the reaction barrier.
A cryo-bulge apparatus for in situ weather balloon crystallization capturing during blowing by synchrotron radiation x-ray scattering
Authors: Chen Pinzhang , Xia Zhijie , Luo Yongyue , Chen Wei
Published: May 2022

A cryo-bulge apparatus, which can be directly installed in the synchrotron radiation x-ray scattering beamline, is designed and manufactured. Using the cryo-bulge apparatus, the crystallization of natural rubber during blowing can be captured in situ. For mechanical measurements, the rubber film is tightly clamped at the periphery of a circular window. A low temperature measurement is achieved by the presence of a large iron block, which ensures low temperature variation (<±2 °C in 1 h) during x-ray data acquisition. Since the incident x-ray beam passes through the top-most position of the rubber film, the information obtained by the current equipment is essentially under an equibiaxial deformation mode. Owing to precisely controlled internal pressure and temperature, the crystallization of rubber can be observed in situ by wide-angle x-ray scattering. The onset of crystallization is observed at a temperature T < 0 °C with an internal pressure P > 21 kPa. This suggests that the crystallization of rubber during blowing can occur under the equibiaxial deformation condition at low temperatures. The power scaling law is found to be 0.52%/kPa. The cryo-bulge apparatus is capable of clarifying the microstructural evolution of rubber during multi-dimensional deformation, which can provide guidance for the optimization of a weather balloon.
Affine super Yangians and rectangular W-superalgebras
Authors: Ueda Mamoru
Published: May 2022

Motivated by the Alday-Gaiotto-Tachikawa (AGT) conjecture, we construct a homomorphism from the affine super Yangian Yε1,ε2(sl̂(m|n)) to the universal enveloping algebra of the rectangular W-superalgebra Wk(gl(ml|nl),(l(m|n))) for all m ≠ n, m, n ≥ 2 or m ≥ 3, n = 0. Furthermore, we show that the image of this homomorphism is dense, provided that k + (m − n)(l − 1) ≠ 0.
The production of OH in a nanosecond pulsed helium plasma jet impinging on water, saline, or pigskin
Authors: Lai Meimei , Song Shutong , Oshin Edwin , Potter Lucas , Lai Nicola , Jiang Chunqi
Published: May 2022

Applications of plasma-induced biological effects via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) make the non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma jets an appealing tool in biomedical fields. The presence of biological materials, especially as part of the electrode circuit, may change the plasma properties and impact on the production of RONS at the plasma–biomaterial interface. Effects of biomaterials on the production of hydroxyl radicals (OH) in a nanosecond pulsed, atmospheric-pressure plasma jet were investigated using a needle-to-plate electrode configuration with water, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), or pigskin covering the ground plate. Driven by 200 ns, 7 kV pulses at 1 kHz, a helium plasma jet was generated between the hollow needle electrode and the biomaterial. Temporally resolved UV-visible imaging showed that the use of pigskin slowed down the streamer head propagation, whereas a more pronounced surface ionization wave was developed on the surface when water was used. The highest OH(A-X) emission above the biomaterial surface was observed using the PBS-covered electrode plate comparing to water or pigskin. Spatiotemporally resolved laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) showed that more OH was produced in the region near the needle electrode for both water and PBS, and the use of pigskin resulted in least OH production overall. In addition, measurements of H2O2 production in the liquid were used to determine the OH concentration in the vicinity of the biomaterial and agreed well with the relative OH-LIF measurements obtained at the gas–liquid interface for water and PBS.
The electron foreshock at high-Mach-number non-relativistic oblique shocks
Authors: Bohdan Artem , Weidl Martin S. , Morris Paul J. , Pohl Martin
Published: May 2022

In the Universe, matter outside of stars and compact objects is mostly composed of collisionless plasma. The interaction of a supersonic plasma flow with an obstacle results in collisionless shocks that are often associated with intense nonthermal radiation and the production of cosmic ray particles. Motivated by simulations of non-relativistic high-Mach-number shocks in supernova remnants, we investigate the instabilities excited by relativistic electron beams in the extended foreshock of oblique shocks. The phase-space distributions in the inner and outer foreshock regions are derived with a particle-in-cell simulation of the shock and used as initial conditions for simulations with periodic boundary conditions to study their relaxation toward equilibrium. We find that the observed electron-beam instabilities agree very well with the predictions of a linear dispersion analysis: the electrostatic electron-acoustic instability dominates in the outer region of the foreshock, while the denser electron beams in the inner foreshock drive the gyroresonant oblique-whistler instability.
Mechanical properties of Li2MoO4 single crystals
Authors: Ahmine A. , Djemia P. , Fivel M. , Faurie D. , Girodon-Boulandet N. , Velazquez M. , Xuan L. , Duffar T.
Published: May 2022

Mechanical properties of lithium molybdate single crystals, Li2MoO4, are studied from room temperature to 650 °C. Density functional theory calculations gave the seven elastic constants of the rhombohedral crystal at 0 K. Brillouin light scattering experiments delivered comparable values at room temperature, and measurements up to 650 °C show a linear decrease in the constants with temperature. Nano-indentation results were typical of a brittle material with a low Young modulus and allowed deriving Young's moduli, for c (63 GPa) and m (48 GPa) faces, in agreement with those computed from measured elastic constants. Compressive rupture tests were performed. At 650 °C, the rupture stress was in the range 2–7.5 MPa. No clear evidence of a plastic regime was observed before cracking, even at temperatures close to the melting point.
Marginal stability of whistler-mode waves in plasma with multiple electron populations
Authors: Frantsuzov V. A. , Artemyev A. V. , Shustov P. I. , Zhang X.-J.
Published: May 2022

Whistler-mode waves are one of the most intense electromagnetic waves in the planetary magnetospheres. These waves are responsible for energetic electron losses into the atmosphere and for electron acceleration up to relativistic energies. Generation of whistler-mode waves is typically attributed to the thermal electron anisotropy. The anisotropy corresponding to the marginal stability for whistler-mode waves has been derived for a single-component Maxwellian plasma, but this criterion does not always work in the Earth's magnetosphere where whistler-mode waves are generated by an energy-confined, strongly anisotropic electron population. This study aims to generalize the marginal stability equation for multi-component plasma with a small, but strongly anisotropic, electron population. New analytical equations for the marginal stability have been derived from the linear analysis. We have also discussed applicability of the derived equations for different electron populations in the Earth's magnetosphere.
Evaluation of dielectric function models for calculation of electron inelastic mean free path
Authors: Da B. , Liu X. , Yang L. H. , Gong J. M. , Ding Z. J. , Shinotsuka H. , Liu J. W. , Yoshikawa H. , Tanuma S.
Published: May 2022

This work investigates the detailed difference between dielectric function models, the Mermin model and the full Penn algorithm (FPA) model, for the determination of an electron inelastic mean free path (IMFP) with optical energy loss function (ELF), as an extension of our previous study [Da et al., Surf. Interface Anal. 51, 627 (2019)] by using the simple Drude-type ELF. In the conventional normal Mermin (NM) model, the approximations of ELF by the Drude equation will introduce inevitable fitting error. In order to enhance the accuracy of the NM model, our previous proposed extended Mermin model [Da et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 063201 (2014)], which is renamed as a super-extended Mermin algorithm (SE-MA) now, is employed to eliminate the error by expanding the definition of Drude oscillators used in the NM. In the SE-MA, the Drude-like oscillators allow the existence of negative strengths to express the fine structures of phonon–electron scattering and the plasmon lifetime broadening effect. Because in our previous study, the simple Drude-type ELF cannot include these complex structures, in this work, the electron IMFPs are calculated for five realistic materials, Al, Si, Cu, Au, and MgO. The difference between IMFPs calculated by the SE-MA model and the FPA model is material dependent and is significant in the low energy region, which is analyzed by using the Fano plot. This is due to the more important role played by the plasmon lifetime broadening effect.
Local droplet etching on InAlAs/InP surfaces with InAl droplets
Authors: Cao Xin , Zhang Yiteng , Ma Chenxi , Wang Yinan , Brechtken Benedikt , Haug Rolf J. , Rugeramigabo Eddy P. , Zopf Michael , Ding Fei
Published: May 2022

GaAs quantum dots (QDs) grown by local droplet etching (LDE) have been studied extensively in recent years. The LDE method allows for high crystallinity, as well as precise control of the density, morphology, and size of QDs. These properties make GaAs QDs an ideal candidate as single photon and entangled photon sources at short wavelengths (<800 nm). For technologically important telecom wavelengths, however, it is still unclear whether LDE grown QDs can be realized. Controlling the growth conditions does not enable shifting the wavelength of GaAs QDs to the telecom region. New recipes will have to be established. In this work, we study Indium–Aluminum (InAl) droplet etching on ultra-smooth In0.55Al0.45As surfaces on InP substrates, with a goal to lay the foundation for growing symmetrical and strain-free telecom QDs using the LDE method. We report that both droplets start to etch nanoholes at a substrate temperature above 415 °C, showing varying nanohole morphology and rapidly changing density (by more than one order of magnitude) at different temperatures. Al and In droplets are found to not intermix during etching, and instead etch nanoholes individually. The obtained nanoholes show a symmetric profile and very low densities, enabling infilling of lattice-matched InGaAs QDs on InxAl1−xAs/InP surfaces in further works.
Two-dimensional deflection of a plasma plume exhausted from a magnetically steered radiofrequency plasma thruster
Authors: Takahashi Kazunori , Imai Ryoji
Published: May 2022

Two-dimensional steering of a magnetic nozzle in a radio frequency plasma thruster is performed by mounting four small additional solenoids in addition to a main solenoid providing the axisymmetric magnetic nozzle. The cross-sectional profile of the ion saturation current is measured by a Langmuir probe array aligned along the radial axis, which is rotated to perform the spatial scan in the cross section of the plume. The measurements show that the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal deflections of the plume can be controlled by the electric currents supplied to the four additional solenoids. Since the deflections of the magnetic nozzle and the plume can provide the thrust vector control as demonstrated in previous studies, the present result leads a two-dimensional thrust vector control in the magnetic nozzle radio frequency plasma thruster.
Non-thermal plasma application improves germination, establishment and productivity of Gatton panic grass (
Authors: Pérez-Pizá María Cecilia , Clausen Liliana , Cejas Ezequiel , Ferreyra Matías , Chamorro-Garcés Juan Camilo , Fina Brenda , Zilli Carla , Vallecorsa Pablo , Prevosto Leandro , Balestrasse Karina
Published: May 2022

Megathyrsus maximus (Gatton panic) is a tropical grass highly valued both for its use as forage and for its biofuel potential. A major constraint in establishing pastures of this cultivar is the low viability and germination of seeds and the poor initial seedling establishment. We used non-thermal plasma (NTP, partially ionised gas) as a novel technology to treat seeds of this grass, aiming to improve their quality (i.e. germination traits). We also followed the performance of seedlings grown from NTP-treated seeds under field conditions by assessing seedling establishment, biomass production and forage quality during the first regrowth period, which is the critical period for pasture establishment. Two NTP treatments were performed through dielectric barrier discharges employing N2 as carrier gas. Non-treated seeds served as the control. Results showed that the viability of NTP-treated seeds was, on average, 1.5-fold higher than the control, and that germination energy and germination percentage of treated seeds was superior to the control by 2.1-fold and 2.2-fold, respectively. A field experiment showed that seedling establishment parameters (dynamics of cumulative emergence, emergence coefficient, and weighted average emergence rate) and pasture early productivity (represented by shoot dry matter) were enhanced by NTP treatment (phenolic sheet–polyester film barrier and 3 min exposure), showing 1.4–2.6-fold higher values than the control, confirming the results of the laboratory assays. Although NTP markedly increased the shoot dry matter production of the pasture, which was related to higher tiller population density and greater tiller weight, it did not affect the forage quality of the plants grown in the field. We conclude that NTP technology is suitable to improve seed germination of Gatton panic, in turn leading to improvements in seedling establishment and biomass production under field conditions without compromising forage quality.