bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Ambient Air in Accra, Ghana, February 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Azaglo Godfred Saviour Kudjo , Khogali Mohammed , Hann Katrina , Pwamang John Alexis , Appoh Emmanuel , Appah-Sampong Ebenezer , Agyarkwa Meldon Ansah-Koi , Fiati Carl , Kudjawu Jewel , Hedidor George Kwesi , Akumwena Amos , Timire Collins , Tweya Hannock , Opintan Japheth A. , Harries Anthony D.
Published: June 2021

Inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in ambient air. There is no published information about the presence and resistance profiles of bacteria in ambient air in Ghana. We evaluated the presence and antibiotic resistance profiles of selected bacterial, environmental and meteorological characteristics and airborne bacterial counts in 12 active air quality monitoring sites (seven roadside, two industrial and three residential) in Accra in February 2020. Roadside sites had the highest median temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and PM10 concentrations, and median airborne bacterial counts in roadside sites (115,000 CFU/m3) were higher compared with industrial (35,150 CFU/m3) and residential sites (1210 CFU/m3). Bacillus species were isolated in all samples and none were antibiotic resistant. There were, however, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas species, non-hemolytic Streptococci, Coliforms and Staphylococci species, of which six (50%) showed mono-resistance or multidrug resistance to four antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone). There was a positive correlation between PM10 concentrations and airborne bacterial counts (rs = 0.72), but no correlations were found between PM10 concentrations and the pathogenic bacteria nor their antibiotic resistance. We call for the expansion of surveillance of ambient air to other cities of Ghana to obtain nationally representative information.
Bacmid Expression of Granulovirus Enhancin En3 Accumulates in Cell Soluble Fraction to Potentiate Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infection
Authors: Ricarte-Bermejo Adriana , Simón Oihane , Fernández Ana Beatriz , Williams Trevor , Caballero Primitivo
Published: June 2021

Enhancins are metalloproteinases that facilitate baculovirus infection in the insect midgut. They are more prevalent in granuloviruses (GVs), constituting up to 5% of the proteins of viral occlusion bodies (OBs). In nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs), in contrast, they are present in the envelope of the occlusion-derived virions (ODV). In the present study, we constructed a recombinant Autographa californica NPV (AcMNPV) that expressed the Trichoplusia ni GV (TnGV) enhancin 3 (En3), with the aim of increasing the presence of enhancin in the OBs or ODVs. En3 was successfully produced but did not localize to the OBs or the ODVs and accumulated in the soluble fraction of infected cells. As a result, increased OB pathogenicity was observed when OBs were administered in mixtures with the soluble fraction of infected cells. The mixture of OBs and the soluble fraction of Sf9 cells infected with BacPhEn3 recombinant virus was ~3- and ~4.7-fold more pathogenic than BacPh control OBs in the second and fourth instars of Spodoptera exigua, respectively. In contrast, when purified, recombinant BacPhEn3 OBs were as pathogenic as control BacPh OBs. The expression of En3 in the soluble fraction of insect cells may find applications in the development of virus-based insecticides with increased efficacy.
Performance of Full-Scale Thermophilic Membrane Bioreactor and Assessment of the Effect of the Aqueous Residue on Mesophilic Biological Activity
Authors: Collivignarelli Maria Cristina , Carnevale Miino Marco , Caccamo Francesca Maria , Baldi Marco , Abbà Alessandro
Published: June 2021

To date, the management of high-strength wastewater represents a serious problem. This work aims to evaluate the performance on chemical pollutants and on sludge production of one of the two full-scale thermophilic membrane bioreactors (ThMBRs) currently operational in Italy, based on monitoring data of the last two and a half years. Removal yields on COD, N-NOx, non-ionic and anionic surfactants (TAS and MBAS), increased with the input load up to 81.9%, 97.6%, 94.7%, and 98.4%, respectively. In the period of stability, a very low value of sludge production (0.052 kgVS kgCOD−1) was observed. Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) tests allowed us to exclude the possibility that mesophilic biomass generally exhibited any acute inhibition following contact with the aqueous residues (ARs), except for substrates that presented high concentrations of perfluoro alkyl substances (PFAS), cyanides and chlorides. In one case, nitrifying activity was partially inhibited by high chlorides and PFAS concentration, while in another the substrate determined a positive effect, stimulating the phenomenon of nitrification. Nitrogen uptake rate (NUR) tests highlighted the feasibility of reusing the organic carbon contained in the substrate as a source in denitrification, obtaining a value comparable with that obtained using the reference solution with methanol. Therefore, respirometric tests proved to be a valid tool to assess the acute effect of AR of ThMBR on the activity of mesophilic biomass in the case of recirculation.
Design and Performance Analysis of Misalignment Tolerant Charging Coils for Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Systems
Authors: ElGhanam Eiman , Hassan Mohamed , Osman Ahmed , Kabalan Hanin
Published: June 2021

In order to design a high efficiency Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging (WEVC) system, the design of the different system components needs to be optimized, particularly the design of a high-coupling, misalignment-tolerant inductive link (IL), comprising primary and secondary charging coils. Different coil geometries can be utilized for the primary and the secondary sides, each with a set of advantages and drawbacks in terms of weight, cost, coupling at perfect alignment and coupling at lateral misalignments. In this work, a Finite Element Method (FEM)-based systematic approach for the design of double-D (DD) charging coils is presented in detail. In particular, this paper studies the effect of different coil parameters, namely the number of turns and the turn-to-turn spacing, on the coupling performance of the IL at perfect alignment and at ±200 mm lateral misalignment, given a set of space constraints. The proposed design is verified by an experimental prototype to validate the accuracy of the FEM model and the simulation results. Accordingly, FEM simulations are utilized to compare the performance of rectangular, DD and DDQ coils. The FEM results prove the importance of utilizing an additional quadrature coil on the secondary side, despite the added weight and cost, to further improve the misalignment tolerance of the proposed inductive link design.
Insights on motor-manual tree felling in Germany, recent developments to ensure efficient operations in singletree selection harvest
Authors: HOFFMANN Stephan , JAEGER Dirk
Published: June 2021

Despite an intensive mechanization trend in German forest operations since the early 1990s, many sites restrict the efficient implementation of fully mechanized harvesting systems. Trafficability and singletree selection harvest-based silviculture, focusing on high stem volume broadleaves, such as European beech, are the main limitations. Thus, motor-manual operations are still prevalent but need to be adapted to stay efficient and improve safety in a changing work environment. Recent developments of new felling techniques and aiding tools and advances in training and work organization improved occupational health and safety. Also, these achievements help to avoid log devaluation due to felling damages. The general digitalization trend did not ignore motor-manual operations either. Smartphone applications can already contribute to more efficient bucking, operation planning and fleet management. Yet, motor-manual operations will remain cost-intensive, and expose worker directly to occupational hazards. Therefore, operations should take as much advantage of mechanized systems as possible for feasible and applicable silvicultural objectives.
Debt cap regulations in mortgage lending
Authors: Kim Donát
Published: June 2021

In this paper I study debt cap regulations in retail mortgage lending in Hungary introduced by the National Bank of Hungary. I believe the introduction of debt cap regulations was justified, but the toolkit applied should be reviewed. After studying international examples and reviewing the literature, I have concluded that LTV (loan-to-value) regulation correspond to European practice and researchers’ findings. While the introduction of LTI (loan-to-income) ratio should be considered to replace PTI (payment-to-income) ratio, as it is more stable in time and there is no incentive to switch between the increase of risk factors and the increase of the maximum amount regulated by law by PTI regulation.
Incentives in the gig economy
Authors: Kerényi Péter
Published: June 2021

Fixed-term, contract-based employment is continuously spreading in the world. It has been given many names; in this paper it is termed the gig economy in the most comprehensive sense. We are going to present the basic features of the gig economy with special attention to short-term, incentive contracts affecting the relationship between employer and worker. In the gig economy employers use performance related wage to incentivise workers to work with the required intensity. By that incentive, employers also source out their risk to their workers whose wages and all their employment becomes uncertain. We are presenting in the paper that uncertainty arising out of short-term incentive contracts is the cause of many psychological and social ills.
Financial life after LIBOR
Authors: Kovács Levente , Kajtor-Wieland Ildikó , Vass Péter
Published: June 2021

The introduction of the study outlines the need for a reference interest rate and introduces one of its most well-known type, the LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) as well as attempts to manipulate it. After this, the paper assesses and provides an overview of the regulatory attempts aimed at reforming the index. In addition, the European and global regulatory environment is also discussed, as well as the tasks to be completed prior to regulation. Finally, recommendations are provided on the Hungarian reference interest rate framework and the establishment of a dedicated working group is also suggested.
An analysis of the Hungarian unsecured interbank market before and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bodnár Ákos Zsolt
Published: June 2021

In this article, I examine the structure of the Hungarian unsecured interbank forint market and the change of its network in time between 2019 and 2020, the years before and after the pandemic. I introduce the general characteristics of the market, such as turnover and interest rate, as well as the basic network and structural features. It can be established that, following the COVID-19 pandemic, the unsecured interbank turnover has increased by nearly 30%, which is partly attributable to the liquidity-providing measures taken by the central bank. In March, there was a spike in the interest weighed according to daily turnover, and it had higher level and volatility for the rest of the year 2020 than in 2019. Compared with the period following the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, the shock resistance of the unsecured interbank market was much more favourable than in 2020. As far as borrowers are concerned, there was some increase in concentration due to the events, but it was far less significant than during the previous crisis. At the same time, the polarisation of the market became stronger, as there were more participants who provided liquidity than those who absorbed a considerable amount of liquidity. Despite increased liquidity, the aforementioned strong polarisation may have been related to the higher level and the volatility of interest rates in 2020.
The role of vitamin and mineral complexes in the elimination of oxidative stress and its consequences
Authors: Gizinger O. A.
Published: June 2021

A prolonged phase of self-isolation and hypodynamia caused by the coronavirus
infection negatively affect most homeostatic reactions in the human body and antioxidant
status. The use of vitamin and mineral complexes which contain substances with antioxidant activity are part of a comprehensive correction of antioxidant status and medication-based antioxidant therapy. This direction of general therapeutic practice marks an important approach to overcoming the combined multiple organ pathology, provides effective prevention of morbidity, and contributes to improving the adaptive potential of a person.
Rubella — what is the danger of this disease?
Authors: Klimov Vladimir Anatolievich
Published: June 2021

Rubella, along with toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus and herpes, belongs to TORCH infections, diseases that can have a detrimental effect on the fetus if infected during pregnancy. The disease is caused by a virus, the only known source and carrier of which is human. Mostly children and young people are susceptible to the disease; they tolerate the disease quite easily. Of the clinical symptoms, it should be noted the appearance of a rash, a slight increase in temperature, regional lymphadenitis, and sometimes conjunctivitis. In adults, joint inflammation can also occur, which usually lasts 3–7 days. The rubella virus is most dangerous when a woman first becomes infected during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. The probability of intrauterine infection of the fetus in this situation is 90 %, as a result of which it may die or develop congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). As a result, children with congenital rubella syndrome can suffer from developmental defects, hearing and visual impairments, diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders. To prevent intrauterine infection of the fetus, vaccination against rubella is carried out, which leads to the development of stable immunity. Today rubella vaccination is carried out in 168 countries of the world, which allows immunization coverage of about 70 % of women. The countries of the African continent and Southeast Asia are the least affected by rubella vaccination, as a result of which there are about 4 cases of births of children in utero infected with the virus per 1000 births.
Basic principles of diagnosis and treatment of viral pneumonia
Authors: Gulyabin Konstantin Robertovich
Published: June 2021

Viral pneumonia is an acute inflammatory lesion of the lung tissue caused by viruses, which proceeds with a pronounced intoxication syndrome and is accompanied by respiratory disorders. Previously, viral pneumonia was called atypical; this term was used in all cases when the bacterial causative agent of the disease was not isolated, and immunity to antibiotic therapy was noted. The most common viral pneumonia occurs in early childhood, accounting for about 90 % of all cases of pneumonia. In the structure of the incidence of pneumonia among the adult population, bacterial pneumonia predominates, while viral pneumonia accounts for an average of 4 to 40 % of the total number of cases (moreover, most often people over 65 years old or patients with weakened immunity and severe concomitant pathology get ill). The incidence of viral pneumonia is in direct correlation with epidemiological outbreaks of acute respiratory viral infections — the maximum number of cases of the disease is observed in the autumn-winter period. In pulmonary practice, primary viral pneumonia is distinguished (interstitial, with a benign course, and hemorrhagic, malignant), as well as secondary (viral-bacterial pneumonia, which can be early and late).
Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of mitral valvular diseases
Authors: Kovalev Dmitriy Sergeevich
Published: June 2021

Heart defects are pathological changes in the heart, during which the defects of the valve apparatus or its walls are observed, leading to heart failure. There are two large groups of heart defects: congenital and acquired. The diseases are chronic, slowly progressing; therapy only alleviates their course, but does not eliminate the cause of their occurrence; full recovery is possible only with surgical intervention. This article is devoted to the issues of classification, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of mitral valvular diseases.
Curcuma longa extract reduces the risk of oxidative stress during intense physical exertion
Authors: Khisamova A. A. , Gizinger O. A.
Published: June 2021

Increased physical exertion is a catalyst for oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species, which entails irreversible processes in the body, leading to chronic diseases and disability. This article contains a literature review of studies that prove the effect of the antioxidant properties of Curcuma longa on cells under oxidative stress. To search for data, a wide range of literature and databases was explored: Pubmed, Google.Scholar, and Embase.
The effect of low intensity ultrasound on neutrophil granulocytes of the mucous membranes and other factors of local immunity of women with Mycoplasma of urogenital system
Authors: Laknitskaya A. O.
Published: June 2021

Local and systemic physiotherapeutic effects using low intensity ultrasound for inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system caused by M. genitalium are based on the stimulating effect of ultrasonic waves which allows to restore local immune status,
eliminate the imbalance of neutrophil activity in the focus of the inflammatory reaction, and normalize the state of mucosal immunity factors of the mucous membranes in women with Mycoplasma infection of the genitourinary system.
The influence of uv radiation on health and professional activities of athletes
Authors: Arkhangelskaya Anna Nikolaevna , Ivkina Mariya Valentinovna , Gurevich Konstantin Georgievich , Korolev Dmitriy Sergeevich
Published: June 2021

Currently, the problem of improving sports performance and increasing professional longevity is relevant, which is directly related to the indicators of physical performance and the prevention of diseases, including those of the musculoskeletal system that are common in athletes. Intense loads and muscle fatigue lead to a constant overstrain and increase the risk of injury and the development of diseases of the musculoskeletal system in this professional group. The balance of calcium and phosphorus in the body is essential for ensuring the normal structure and function of the musculoskeletal system, and vitamin D plays a primary role in maintaining this balance. Recent studies aimed at researching the availability of vitamin D for athletes often reveal insufficiency and defi ciency of this vitamin. It is known that the main source of vitamin D is its formation in the skin by ultraviolet radiation; it is proved that even with prolonged and intense sunlight there is no overproduction, and therefore, no toxic eff ects associated with hypervitaminosis D. However, the effect of UV rays on the human body can lead to the development of skin malignancies, therefore, the use of sunscreens is necessary during insolation.
Application of high-intensity laser radiation for correction of hypertrophic scars
Authors: Klyuchareva Svetlana Viktorovna , Kurganskaya Inga Gennadievna
Published: June 2021

Due to the fact that the basis of hypertrophic scars is a coarse, richly vascularized fi brillar protein — collagen, laser ablation is promising for suppressing its growth, and selective laser angiophotothermolysis is promising for reducing the degree of vascularization. To improve the efficiency of scar remodeling, the development of methods of complex laser correction is relevant. The purpose of the study: to determine the therapeutic eff ects of various combinations of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) in patients with hypertrophic scars at different times of their formation. Methods. 44 patients (26 women and 18 men) with developing and mature hypertrophic scars were examined. In patients with developing scars, a combination of selective angiophotothermolysis (λ = 0,578 μm) and subsequent fractional ablative photothermolysis (λ = 10,6 μm) was used, and in patients with mature scars, a combination of selective angiophotothermolysis (λ = 0,578 μm) followed by planar ablative photodestruction (λ = 10,6 μm) was applied. Dermatoscopic methods for assessing the functional properties of the skin, assessment of microcirculation, morphometric analysis of scars and assessment of the quality of life of patients were used. Results. A decrease in the thickness of the epidermis was found due to a reduction in the thickness of all its layers, especially the spiny layer, with an increase in the volume of keratinocytes of the granular layer. In patients with developing hypertrophic scars, a decrease in the predominantly variable component of blood fl ow was observed, while in patients with mature scars, changes in its constant component prevailed. An increase in the quality of life indicators according to the DIQL scale, more pronounced in patients with developing scars, was noticed. The effectiveness of HILT in patients with developing scars was 82 %, with mature — 74 %. Conclusion. Combined high-intensity laser therapy effectively remodels hypertrophic skin scars with different periods of their formation.
Sanatory therapy of chronic prostatitis with the use of physiobalneotherapy
Authors: Gilmutdinov Bulat Rashitovich , Daminov Ildar Nailevich , Gilmutdinov Aydar Rashitovich , Garifyanova Rozaliya Amirovna
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study. Evaluation of the effectiveness of sanatory therapy in patients with chronic prostatitis using peloid therapy and extracorporeal magnetic stimulation. Materials and methods. The efficiency of sanatory therapy was studied in 86 patients with chronic prostatitis without exacerbation; the control group received a basic sanatory complex; the main group was additionally prescribed procedures for applying pelloids and extracorporeal magnetic stimulation. Results. In most patients of the main group, it was revealed that the course of sanatory therapy can reduce the severity of the clinical symptoms of chronic prostatitis against the background of improved bacteriological, immunological, and ultrasound indicators with the preservation of treatment results over 12 months, in contrast to the control group against the background of basic sanatory treatment, where the treatment effect remained up to 6 months. Conclusions. Sanatory therapy of patients with chronic prostatitis with the inclusion of peloid therapy and extracorporeal magnetic stimulation procedures has a high clinical effectiveness with the preservation of the results for a year.
The parameters of regional hemodynamics in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome against the background of magnetic stimulation and peloid therapy
Authors: Gilmutdinov Bulat Rashitovich , Daminov Ildar Nailevich , Gilmutdinov Aydar Rashitovich , Garifyanova Rozaliya Amirovna , Gabdelkhakova Aliya Aydarovna
Published: June 2021

The study of Doppler parameters of hemodynamics of internal genital organs was carried out in 102 patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome, 54 men and 48 women. It was found that against the background of extracorporeal magnetic stimulation of the neuromuscular apparatus of the pelvic floor and peloid therapy in patients of the main group, there is an improvement in the Doppler parameters of the hemodynamics of the internal genital organs in the form of a decrease in angle-independent indices: systolic-diastolic ratio, resistance and pulsation index, an increase in blood flow velocity on average by 36,2% in men and 42,1% in women from the initial values with the results being preserved for 6 months. In patients of the control group, Doppler measurements of the arteries of the prostate and ovaries showed no significant dynamics of vascular indices and blood flow velocities in the presence of a tendency to unidirectional shifts in parameters with the main group.
Functional electrical stimulation in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by diabetic angiopathy and polyneuropathy
Authors: Frolov Denis Valerievich
Published: June 2021

Diabetic distal polyneuropathy (DPN) is the main cause of disability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The purpose of the research with 72 patients was to study the effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on reducing the degree of functional motor disorders in patients with DM2, angiopathy and DPN. Method. The patients were divided into 3 randomized groups (2 main groups, 1 control group). In addition to basic therapy, the patients of the main groups were treated with FES of the lower extremities with a frequency of 10–30 Hz in group 1 and 80–100 Hz in group 2. Results: the dynamics of quantitative assessment of the overall score on the NSS scale after treatment was significantly higher in the main groups compared to group 3 (Mann-Whitney test p 1–3 = 0,001, p 2–3 = 0,006). There was no significant difference in the overall score of the NSS between groups 1 and 2. The most pronounced positive changes in neurofunctional disorders after treatment on the NDS scale were achieved in group 1: the overall score decreased by 52% after the treatment and was significantly lower than in other groups (p 1–2 = 0,014, p 1–3 = 0,002, Mann-Whitney test). According to the treadmill test, tolerance to physical activity increased in all patients after the treatment. Significant positive dynamics of the stabilometric index of the ratio of energy consumption with closed and open eyes while standing on a balancing pillow was observed only in main group 1 (decreased by 41%, p=0,000, Wilcoxon test). Conclusions. The use of FES of the lower extremities as part of complex therapy in patients with DM2 complicated by angiopathy and DPN is safe and allowed reducing the degree of functional disorders and neuropathic complaints to a greater extent in the study group using FES with a frequency of 10–30 Hz.
The effect of laser phoresis of biologically active substances on microcirculation in paravertebral muscles in the radicular syndrome of the lumbosacral spine
Authors: Korchazhkina Nataliya Borisovna , Kupeev Ruslan Vladimirovich
Published: June 2021

In the case of radicular syndrome in patients with dorsopathy, degenerative dystrophic changes, which contribute to the creation of additional mechanisms of pain impulse and chronization of the pathological process, are diagnosed in the deep muscles. The study included 40 patients with dorsopathy of the lumbosacral spine and radicular syndrome, with the average age of 45,3±1,5years, who were divided into 2 groups comparable in age and clinical and functional characteristics: the main group of 20 patients who were treated with laser phoresis of biologically active substances and the control group of 20 patients who received standard pharmacotherapy. As a result of the study, a significantly more pronounced improvement in the state of microcirculation in the paravertebral muscles when using phytoextracts laser phoresis was proved, which was confirmed by radiothermometry and transcutaneous oximetry. The analysis of radiothermometry and oximetry parameters obtained 3 months after the end of the course showed the stability of the therapeutic effect in 96% of patients in the main group, while in the control group, 50% of patients showed a regression of the effect obtained as a result of treatment. In longer terms, the therapeutic effect in 90% of patients of the main group was maintained for 9–12 months of follow-up, while in the control group — no more than 3–4 months.
Oral ondansetron for paediatric gastroenteritis in primary care: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bonvanie Irma J , Weghorst Anouk AH , Holtman Gea A , Russchen Heleen A , Fickweiler Freek , Verkade Henkjan J , Kollen Boudewijn J , Berger Marjolein Y
Published: June 2021

Background

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) affects almost all children aged ≤5 years. In secondary care, ondansetron was found to be effective at reducing vomiting.

Aim

To determine the effectiveness of adding oral ondansetron to care as usual (CAU) to treat vomiting in children with AGE attending out-ofhours primary care (OOH-PC).

Design and setting

A pragmatic randomised controlled trial at three OOH-PC centres in the north of the Netherlands (Groningen, Zwolle, and Assen), with a follow-up of 7 days.

Method

Children were included if they were: aged 6 months–6 years; AGE diagnosed by a GP; ≥4 reported episodes of vomiting in the 24 hours before presentation; ≥1 reported episode of vomiting in the 4 hours before presentation; and written informed consent from both parents. Children were randomly allocated to either the control group or the intervention group. The control group received CAU, namely oral rehydration therapy. The intervention group received CAU plus one dose of oral ondansetron (0.1 mg/kg).

Results

In total, 194 children were included for randomisation. One dose of oral ondansetron decreased the proportion of children who continued vomiting within 4 hours from 42.9% to 19.5%, with an odds ratio of 0.37 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.20 to 0.72, number needed to treat: four). Ondansetron also decreased the number of vomiting episodes within 4 hours (incidence rate ratio 0.51 [95% CI = 0.29 to 0.88]) and improved overall parental satisfaction with treatment (P = 0.027).

Conclusion

Children with AGE and increased risk of dehydration due to vomiting could be treated with ondansetron in primary care to stop vomiting more quickly and increase parental satisfaction with treatment. These results could be used to improve the quality and efficacy of general practice medicine.
Tombes d’enfants du Bronze Récent en Haute-Mésopotamie. Étude de cas
Authors: Sauvage M.
Published: June 2021

The study of the funeral practices can give us interesting information about the child and his status in ancient societies. Two different Upper Mesoptamian examples of Late Bronze Age date illustrate this observation : the middle-Assyrian burials of Tell Mohammed Diyab and the Mitannian infant burials of Nuzi.

The first example shows us a great variability in funeral practices but a great homogeneity of the associated funeral material, which seems to indicate a strong social integration even of very young children.

In Nuzi, where burials of newly bom infants were found in private dwellings, often as secondary inhumations, we are probably dealing with a ritual practice.
Hittite tuk(kan)zi- “cultivation, breeding”
Authors: Melchert Harold Craig
Published: June 2021

The rare Hittite word tuk(kan)zi- does not mean “fodder, foraging” or “straw” as previously claimed, but rather “cultivation” of plants and “breeding, raising” of animals. The evidence for the first consists of passages referring to the sowing of grain, while the second is demonstrated by an occurrence in a remarkable ritual passage with a counter-curse charged with sexual violence. The Hittite word thus matches German Zucht in both form and meaning.
Sur le paysage antique de Delphes
Authors: Bommelaer Jean-François
Published: June 2021

Le paysage de Delphes est beaucoup moins naturel qu’on ne le croirait à première vue. Il suffit pour s’en rendre compte d’étudier les transformations intervenues depuis la fin du siècle dernier. La situation rencontrée alors par la Grande Fouille de l’Ecole Française d’Athènes était d’ailleurs elle-même assez différente de celle de l’Antiquité classique. Les textes antiques montrent que l’élevage dominait là où nous voyons aujourd’hui des oliviers ou des cultures, que beaucoup des pâturages actuels étaient emblavés et que la forêt qui poussait en altitude comportait d’autres essences que factuelle. Les recherches en cours utilisent toute une panoplie de méthodes (de laboratoire et d’analyse du paysage) qui, loin de contredire ces textes, incitent à une nouvelle réflexion historique à leur sujet.
De cape et d’épée. À propos de l’effigie délienne de C. Ofellius Ferus
Authors: Marcadé Jean
Published: June 2021

En dépit des études nombreuses dont elle a été l’objet depuis le XIXe s., la statue de C. Ofellius Ferus, installée sur une base nommant le personnage et portant les signatures de sculpteurs athéniens, continue de susciter des problèmes d’interprétation. C. Ofellius Ferus porte pourtant un manteau frangé, caractéristique de la sculpture romaine du Ier s. av. (cavalier A 2229 de Délos, statue équestre d’Auguste). Il devait saisir de la main droite une lance et tenir, à bout de bras, de l’autre, non point le caducée du negotiator, mais une épée engainée, selon une formule iconographique attestée à Délos par des statues fragmentaires et qui s’imposa dans les représentations romaines des viri triumphales.
Pédaritos ou le bon usage des apophtegmes
Authors: Ducat Jean
Published: June 2021

Etude de la courte carrière, politique et militaire, du Spartiate Pédaritos, qui fut harmoste à Chios en 412/411. Le personnage n’est pas de toute première importance, mais les sources le concernant sont finalement assez nombreuses. Parmi celles-ci figurent un certain nombre d’apophtegmes, recueillis par Plutarque. C’est l’occasion de s’intéresser à ce type de textes, pour constater qu’à condition de les aborder avec une méthode appropriée, l’ historien peut en tirer maint renseignement.
Condorcet et Lycurgue
Authors: Garlan Yvon
Published: June 2021

Comment Condorcet a-t-il pu, dans le «Fragment 6» de son Tableau historique, condamner radicalement Sparte sans accabler Lycurgue, son législateur ? En le présentant comme un simple réformateur, qui dut céder aux circonstances historiques et dont l’œuvre fut de portée limitée.
Mythe et rite : La fondation des jeux olympiques chez Pindare
Authors: Jouanna Jacques
Published: June 2021

Pindar’s testimony on the foundation of the Olympic Games, which presents Herakles as their founder, is the most widespread version in the Classical Period. The poet gives precise cultual, geographical and historical details which disappeared in later traditions.
Patrocle et l’embaumement des princes de l'Iliade par nectar et ambroisie
Authors: Bader Françoise
Published: June 2021

Three princes, Sarpedon, Patroklos, Hector, were embalmed by what the poet of the Iliad calls nectar and ambrosia. While keeping the substantive nectar as an evidence of the inherited concept of immortals’ food, he plays with the syntax of ἄμβροτος, ὰμβρóσιος, ὰμβροσίη). Taking them as adjectives-genitives, he gives them three of the functions of the genitive : first, appurtenance, transferred from the “food of the immortals” (never “of immortality”) to their parts of body and clothes, and thence to the parts of the bodies of the dead used for onction and instillation, and their clothes, in the case of bandages of Sarpedon ’s mummy ; second, ablative, for the balm “coming from immortals”, who dispense them to the dead ; third, instrumental in the meaning of “means of immortality”. While Akhilleus is cramed in the Iliad by nectar and ambrosia as a remedy against anorexy, and embalmed in the Odyssey by honey (like Alexander), it is difficult to identify the balms of the Iliad. At last, Sarpedon seems to be mummified like Egyptian people ; but the embalment of Patroklos (and Hector) comes from an Indo-European practice, as is shown by the comparison of Patroklos’ and Scythian kings’ funerals ; this practice was still used in Europe, especially for French kings.
Association of Space Flight Participants: History and Development Issues (Part 2).
Authors: Baturin Yu.M. , Ivanova L.V. , Krichevsky S.V.
Published: June 2021

The paper is devoted to the establishment and development of the International Association of Space Explorers with the active involvement of the Soviet and Russian cosmonauts. The Association is a unique and influential space community for cooperation and experience exchange; it unites 430 people who have been in space and represents 38 countries of the world. The paper examines a period of about half a century (1970–2020): a 10-year historical background of the establishment of the Association, about 5 years of its pre-history and about 35 years of its history. It also presents the Association’s activity area, general structure and symbols, systematizes the main events and achievements of this organization as an actor and history object of world and domestic manned astronautics in scientific, technical, political, socio-cultural and sociological aspects, summarizes the main conclusions about development problems.
60 Years of the First Human Flight in Space.
Authors: Vlasov P.N.
Published: June 2021

On the 12th of April, 2021, mankind celebrates the 60-year anniversary of the first human flight in space. The paper gives a historical overview and analyses the selection stages of the first cosmonaut candidates and their training for this flight.
НАУКОВИЙ ГУРТОК В РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ІДЕЇ НАВЧАННЯ ЧЕРЕЗ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ПЕРШОГО БАКАЛАВРСЬКОГО РІВНЯ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ (З ДОСВІДУ ХНПУ ІМЕНІ Г. С. СКОВОРОДИ)
Authors: Ворожбіт-Горбатюк В. В. , Зозуля К. В. , Собченко Т. М.
Published: June 2021

У статті автори презентували досвід роботи наукового гуртка «Педагогічне коріння» в Харківському національному педагогічному університеті імені Г. С. Сковороди. Науковий гурток об’єднав студентів-бакалаврів на факультеті іноземної філології (2001 – 2014 рр.) і на юридичному факультеті університету (2012 – 2014 рр.). Проаналізований і узагальнений у статті досвід реалізує ідею навчання через дослідження. Робота координатора і членів гуртка була спрямована на формування навичок дослідника, умінь критичного мислення, академічного усного і писемного мовлення, досвіду аргументувати і доводити свою позицію.

Авторами проаналізовано програма і положення про роботу наукового гуртка, звітні матеріали, результати творчих студій і науково-популярних публікацій, які підтверджують участь членів гуртка «Педагогічне коріння» в розробленні методичного забезпечення самостійної роботи здобувачів першого бакалаврського рівня вищої освіти.

У статті зазначено, що ініціатива створення гуртка виходила від самих студентів, які зацікавилися історією педагогіки з позицій спільності форм, прийомів і методів роботи з першоджерелами з фаховою підготовкою філологів. Згодом до роботи гуртка долучилися і студенти юридичного факультету. Робота наукового гуртка була спрямована на особистісне зростання студентів, системну професійну профорієнтацію.

Просвітницькі ініціативи студентів – членів гуртка передбачали адаптування наукового доробку визначних персоналій історико-педагогічного дискурсу для вчителів-практиків, батьків дітей, одногрупників, молоді, яка не має педагогічної підготовки. Гуртківці приділяли увагу дослідженню індивідуального шляху успіху визначних педагогів. І з успіхом інтерпретували свої знахідки.

Переваги наукового гуртка в реалізації ідеї навчання через дослідження здобувачів першого бакалаврського рівня вищої освіти: підвищення рівня зацікавленості педагогічними науками, системна профорієнтація, доцільна інформаційна, організаційна, методична підтримка.
СТАНОВЛЕННЯ І РОЗВИТОК ІНКЛЮЗИВНОЇ ОСВІТИ В УКРАЇНІ ТА ЗА КОРДОНОМ
Authors: Довженко Т. О.
Published: June 2021

Глобальні політичні, соціокультурні та економічні зміни, що відбувалися в багатьох країнах світу в другій половині XX століття, зумовили посилення уваги законодавства до проблем дітей з особливими потребами, зокрема до отримання ними якісної освіти. З огляду на це доцільним є вивчення досвіду становлення і розвитку інклюзивної освіти в Україні та за кордоном.

Метою статті є висвітлення етапів становлення і розвитку інклюзивної освіти в Україні та за кордоном. Використано загальнонаукові (історико-педагогічний аналіз, узагальнення, ретроспективний, хронологічний), історико-структурний і порівняльно-зіставний методи наукового пізнання.

На основі аналізу науково-педагогічної літератури визначено суть поняття «інклюзивна освіта». Охарактеризовано основні історичні етапи становлення і розвитку інклюзивної освіти за кордоном (перший етап: початок XVI – середина XVIII ст.; другий етап: середина XVIII – початок XX ст.; третій етап: 40 рр. XX ст. – 90 рр. XX ст., четвертий етап: 1994 р. XX ст. – теперішній час). Проаналізовано вітчизняний і закордонний досвід упровадження інклюзивного навчання в освітній процес (Англія, Данія, Італія, США, Угорщина, Швеція). Охарактеризовано принципи інклюзивної освіти, що зафіксовані в Саламанський декларації «Про засади, політику та практичну діяльність у сфері освіти осіб з особливими потребами». На основі аналізу світового досвіду впровадження інклюзивної освіти, окреслено основні принципи інклюзії, що визначають нову парадигму освітніх відносин. Ґрунтуючись на наукових здобутках вітчизняних і зарубіжних науковців, визначено переваги інклюзивного навчання для дітей з особливими освітніми потребами. Доведено, що розвиток інклюзивної освіти безпосередньо залежить від соціально-економічних умов, освітніх традицій і має певну специфіку. Визначено, що зараз інклюзивна освіта є офіційно прийнятим напрямом галузі спеціальної освіти в 75% країн світу.
ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КВАЛІФІКАЦІЇ ВЧИТЕЛІВ: ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ВИМІР
Authors: Кузнецова О. Ю. , Штефан Л. А. , Сімонок В. П.
Published: June 2021

Статтю присвячено вивченню проблеми підвищення кваліфікації учительських кадрів у зарубіжних країнах і визначенню актуальних чинників забезпечення ефективності підвищення кваліфікації педагогічних працівників на основі аналізу даних низки дослідницьких проєктів. У ході дослідження використовувались методи аналізу й узагальнення даних психолого-педагогічних, інформаційних джерел; порівняння й систематизації ідей, висновків, рекомендацій із окресленої проблеми. Представлено термінологічний апарат, що використовується при аналізі проблеми підвищення кваліфікації у зарубіжних дослідженнях, цілі професійного розвитку вчителів, типові види підвищення кваліфікації вчителів. Схарактеризовано дослідницькі проєкти, проведені у рамках Європейського Союзу і за його межами щодо забезпечення ефективного підвищення кваліфікації вчителів. Встановлено, що дослідження проводяться з метою забезпечення якісної освіти і відпрацювання спільної політики у цій сфері. На основі вивчення даних міжнародних досліджень визначено чинники, що впливають на ефективність організації підвищення кваліфікації вчителів, а саме: ставлення вчителів до підвищення кваліфікації (в залежності від віку, статі, стажу роботи, рівня кваліфікації, типу школи, країни), визначення ними аспектів професійної підготовки, яких вони потребують; питання, які вчителі визначають як найбільш важливі для них з точки зору професійного розвитку («дефіцит» умінь і навичок, що відображають зміни в освітньому процесі, пов’язані з ІКТ, навчання учнів з особливими потребами, навчання в умовах багатомовності/ полікультурності); чинники, що характеризують значущість пропонованих видів та програм підвищення кваліфікації (поєднання теоретичної і практичної підготовки, можливості співпраці та взаємодії з колегами, відповідність потребам вчителів); мотиваційні фактори, що заохочують учителів брати участь у розмаїтті видів підвищення кваліфікації (матеріальне стимулювання, посадове просування) і ті, що перешкоджають чи ускладнюють участь учителів у таких заходах (навчальне навантаження, насичений розклад занять, відсутність підтримки з боку адміністрації).
ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНО-ОЦІНЮВАЛЬНИХ УМІНЬ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ (ПРОФЕСІЙНО-ТЕХНІЧНОЇ) ОСВІТИУ ПРОЦЕСІ НАВЧАННЯ
Authors: Усиченко О. В.
Published: June 2021

У статті доведено актуальність проблеми формування інтелектуально-оцінювальних умінь здобувачів професійної (професійно-технічної) освіти. Установлено, що оцінювальні вміння здобувачів освіти доцільно розглядати у взаємозв’язку з інтелектуальними, оскільки редукція вмінь до спеціальних (предметних) умінь не враховує інтелектуальну спрямованість оцінювальної діяльності, що «збіднює спектр методичних можливостей формування вмінь самоконтролю і самооцінювання». На підставі узагальнення різних підходів учених щодо тлумачення суті та структури інтелектуальних та оцінювальних умінь визначено авторську позицію до розкриття вказаних характеристик в інтеграції означених умінь. Інтелектуально-оцінювальні вміння визначено як здатність учнів, котра виражається в уміннях мислити, порівнювати, структурувати об’єкти та інформацію, аналізувати класифікувати та узагальнювати отримані дані та результати, вміння виділяти головне і концентрувати свою увагу на ньому, вміння мотивувати свою діяльність та прогнозувати її результати; отримувати, переробляти та застосовувати інформацію з різних джерел; співвідносити отримані результати з поставленою метою; здійснювати самоконтроль і самооцінку. Стверджується, що сформованість інтелектуальних умінь надаватиме можливість учням ефективно опрацьовувати інформацію та оперативно вирішувати пізнавальні та навчально-професійні завдання, сформованість оцінювальних умінь сприятиме одночасно об’єктивному обробленню доступної інформації, результатів навчання тощо.

На підставі теоретичного аналізу наукових джерел було виділено групи інтелектуально-оцінювальних умінь здобувачів професійної (професійно-технічної) освіти: пізнавально-логічні; інтелектуально-інформаційні; перетворювально-творчі; рефлексивно-самооцінювальні.

На підставі вивчення різних теорій та концепції формування умінь автором визначено етапи технології формування інтелектуально-оцінювальних умінь учнів закладів професійної (професійно-технічної) освіти: мотиваційно-настановчий, когнітивно-розвивальнй, операційно-діяльнісний, рефлексивно-коригувальний.
Lower-Limb Amputees in Olympic Weightlifting
Authors: Kelly Cason , Pennington Colin G.
Published: June 2021

The coach serves an integral role in shaping the youth sport experience. For athletes with disabilities, participation in sports may be a negative experience because their coach may misperceive or misunderstand their behaviors. More educational material about coaching adaptive athletes would help bridge the information gap between weightlifting coaches and the adaptive community. Because the number of adaptive athletes in the sport of weightlifting is steadily rising, it is becoming increasingly important that coaches of these athletes understand how they can facilitate the athlete’s lifelong enjoyment of the sport. Coaches should not be intimidated by adaptive athletes. Due to the unique nature of individual circumstances, it can be difficult to generalize about the most effective ways to train adaptive athletes. In recent years, USA Weightlifting (USAW) has introduced measures designed to increase accessibility of the sport for disabled athletes. These measures are summarized, analyzed, and presented in this article in a way that the authors are able to make training recommendations for athletes with lower-lib amputations. In addition, the psychological aspects of adapted weightlifting are briefed and analyzed culminating in recommendations for athletes engaging in weight training and coaches who work with athletes with amputation.