bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization Of A Centrifugal Spinning Machine
Authors: RAJENDRAN MEIARUL
Published: September 2021

We were all living in the world of technology, where the science had been developing for each and every seconds such as new technologies, new inventions and new ideas. In which, we would like to introduce a new idea by using centrifugal spinning method. Where, it is has been recently used for the production of micro and nano-fibers and it is also a safer and more efficient method for producing micro and nano-fibers when compared to all the fibers production method. Our concept is to reduce the manufacturing cost of the centrifugal spinning machine. Because the manufacturing cost of the single machine in India is about Rs.2.5 to 3 lakhs, by the way we would like to produce a machine at a low cost and by using the machine we produce the mat which has the same efficiency as compared to the mat produced by the original machine.
I MODI DI ASSUNZIONE DEL DEBITO ALTRUI: DELEGAZIONE, ESPROMISSIONE, ACCOLLO.
Authors: Ambrosino Raffaele
Published: September 2021

Delegazione, espromissione ed accollo sono istituti giuridici tipizzati che trovano espressa disciplina nel codice civile e la cui applicazione determina, in vario modo, l’assunzione del debito altrui.

Vista la capacità di tali negozi di modificare il lato passivo del rapporto obbligatorio, è essenziale definire preliminarmente la differenziazione giuridica tra due fenomeni cui si ricollega la modificazione
ex latere debitoris: la successione nel debito e la novazione soggettiva in generale. Dal punto di vista giuridico la successione nel lato passivo dell’obbligazione si concretizza in un atto di subingresso di un terzo nella posizione del debitore originario, il che comporta una totale sostituzione del successore che surroga il debitore nella totalità dei poteri e dei doveri connessi al rapporto obbligatorio. Presupposto della successione nel debito è dunque il necessario consenso del creditore della prestazione e conseguenza del consenso legittimamente prestato è la liberazione del soggetto passivo da ogni tipo di pretesa concernente il rapporto obbligatorio. Da quanto precisato quindi può affermarsi pacificamente che il fenomeno successorio non costituisce un’idonea categoria giuridica per inquadrare gli istituti della delegazione, espromissione ed accollo, i quali, come si vedrà, non determinano né una piena liberazione del debitore originario né un subingresso del nuovo debitore nella medesima posizione giuridica del soggetto passivo originario con la relativa acquisizione della titolarità dei poteri di eccezione esperibili contro il creditore.

Ancor più discussa è la riconducibilità degli istituti
de quibus alla categoria della novazione soggettiva in quanto ad essere oggetto di discussione è la stessa valenza del concetto di novazione per la modificazione soggettiva del rapporto obbligatorio. Quando infatti si verifica la sostituzione di una delle parti dell’obbligazione, dal punto di vista giuridico non si ottiene un effetto estintivo proprio della novazione in quanto il rapporto obbligatorio rimane in vita in tutti i suoi elementi essenziali eccetto il soggetto tenuto all’adempimento.

A sostegno di tale impostazione sovviene la lettera dell’art. 1235 cod. civ. rubricato “novazione soggettiva” che sancisce la necessità di ricorrere alla disciplina degli istituti della delegazione, espromissione ed accollo (liberatori) per regolamentare i casi di sostituzione del debitore dell’obbligazione.

Considerata pertanto centrale nella dinamica del rapporto obbligatorio la posizione del soggetto debitore può concludersi che i negozi di assunzione del debito altrui non sono in grado (se non per effetto di un consenso “liberatorio”) di determinare un fenomeno successorio agendo piuttosto sul piano della responsabilità debitoria “allargandola” e consentendo al creditore di fruire di un più elevato grado di probabilità di adempimento del credito.
A New Stock Trade Technical Indicator
Authors: Qian Kate
Published: September 2021

This paper is focused on the new stock trade technical indicator that I developed to help indicate whether the stock is in an uptrend or downtrend. The new technical indicator is compared with the moving average convergence divergence (MACD) crossover and histogram to determine the accuracy of each technical indicator. The comparison shows that the new technical indicator had a higher accuracy percentage, as well as fewer losses, compared to the MACD crossover and histogram.
Effect of Pretreatments on Wettability and Dyeing Property of Cotton Fibers in an Environmentally Friendly Dyeing System
Authors: Tang Wencheng , Pei Liujun , Zhang Hongjuan , Zhu Lei , Wang Jiping
Published: September 2021

To investigate the influence of cotton wettability on its dyeing properties in a silicone non-aqueous dyeing system, alkali pretreatment was performed before dyeing. The dyeing properties and dyeing kinetics of reactive dyes in the non-aqueous system and a conventional dyeing system were compared. Alkali pretreatment significantly improved the wettability of cotton fiber by removing wax and pectin. The adsorption rate of dye increased with increased cotton fiber wettability using the non-aqueous system, while it barely changed using the conventional system. Pseudo-second-order kinetics fit well with dye adsorption for both systems. Dye fixation improved by 30% at a concentration of 2% owf, along with better levelness and color depth of the dyed cotton fiber, using the silicone non-aqueous system without salts and dispersants.
Study on Thermal, Thermo-Mechanical, and Flexural Properties of Jute Fiber Surface Modification and Its Reinforced Composite
Authors: Islam Syed Rashedul , Alassod Abeer , Patoary Mohammed Kayes , Naveed Tayyab , Ali Md Arshad , Jiang Jinhua
Published: September 2021

In recent years, reinforced composites from biodegradable and natural fibers have a worldwide scope for advanced applications. However, the core limitation of natural fiber reinforced composites are poor consistency among supporting fibers and the matrix. Therefore, optimal structural performance of fibers and matrix is desirable. In this study, chemical treatments (i.e., alkali pretreatment, acid pretreatment, and scouring) were applied to jute fibers for improvement of composite properties. Thermal, thermo-mechanical, and flexural properties, and surface morphology, of untreated and treated jute fibers were studied on the treated fibers. Jute fiber/epoxy composite properties were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), flexural strength and modulus, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The chemical treatments had a significant impact on the properties of jute fiber composites.
Isothermal, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies of Graphene Oxide Adsorption on Silk
Authors: Chatterjee Arobindo , Jain Vinit Kumar
Published: September 2021

The properties of graphene enriched silk depend on the amount of graphene oxide (GO) adsorption on silk. GO dipping parameters include the GO solution pH, initial GO concentration, dipping time and temperature, and the type of substrate. The effects of GO dipping parameters on the sorption process are studied to achieve the maximum GO adsorption on the silk surface for the preparation of an economical graphene/silk-based textile product. In addition, equilibrium isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics of GO adsorption on the silk surface in a batch sorption process are examined to understand the adsorption mechanism. The Freundlich isotherm best describes the adsorption of GO onto the silk. A pseudo-second order kinetic model best describes the kinetics of GO adsorption. Thermodynamic studies reveal that GO adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic.
The Compression Meso-Mechanics Theoretical Model and Experimental Verification of Polyure-thane-Based Warp-Knit Spacer Fabric Composites
Authors: Chen Si
Published: September 2021

In this research, a new type of binary material, a polyurethane-based warp-knitted spacer fabric composite (PWSF), having a unique three-dimensional structure, high strength, and a variety of surface structures was prepared. The compression meso-mechanics theoretical model based on the Winkler elastic foundation beam theory and structural parameters of PWSF were used to predict the compression performance of PWSF. To verify the validity of compression model, the compression stress-strain curves of theoretical simulation were compared with the quasi-static compression test results. The deviation between these two compression moduli was less than 7%. The compression meso-mechanics model established in this study can effectively simulate the actual compression behaviors for different PWSF specimens. A regular pattern of compression properties of this novel composite from the theoretical research on meso-mechanics perspectives can be proposed.
Fallvignetten aus der neurologischen Rehabilitation bei Patienten mit Post-COVID-Syndrom
Authors: Dettmers C. , Weich C. , Herrmann C. , Saile R. , Preuss M. , Chanyalew S. H. , Schleicher L. , Klaasen van Husen D. , Randerath J. , Stoll S. , Tempfli M. , Vieten M. , Jöbges M.
Published: September 2021

Case vignettes from neurological rehabilitation in patients with post-COVID syndrome – Suggested discussion for performance diagnosticsC. Dettmers, C. Weich, C. Herrmann, R. Saile, M. Preuss, S. H. Chanyalew, L. Schleicher, D. Klaasen van Husen, J. Randerath, S. Stoll, M. Tempfli, M. Vieten, M. JöbgesAbstractSecondary illness after a previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 covers a wide spectrum in terms of organ damage, symptoms, duration, course and, above all, the severity of the disease. In patients who have been ventilated for a long time in an intensive care unit, one will look very carefully for lung damage and other organ damage, including cerebral, peripheral neurogenic and myogenic damage, and clarify to what extent the remaining deficits can be attributed to this. At the other end of the spectrum are patients who were not hospitalized during the primary infection, for whom fatigue, headache, muscle, limb or other symptoms are in the foreground and whose symptoms often fluctuate in intensity over the course of the disease. For employees in the health sector, a primary infection acquired at work may be recognized as an occupational disease. Subsequent complaints are often subsumed under “post-COVID” by the patient and then also by the attending physician, without proving a causal connection to COVID-19. We present individual case studies from this specific and non-representative group. We were surprised that there were many psy-chological, psychosomatic and psychiatric comorbidities. In the second part we present our diagnostics for cognitive, emotional and motor fatigue and fati-gability. Particularly in this initially non-hospitalized patient group, a thorough somato-psychological differential diagnosis is required in order to determine the causes and the socio-psychosomatic set of conditions. An identification of the different components within the post-COVID complaint complex should enable the most efficient therapy possible in order to initiate reintegration into social life in everyday life and at work. Keywords: Post-COVID syndrome, comorbidity, psychosomatics, fatigue, fatigability, differential diagnostics
Traumatic brain injury and coping processes – improving outcomes by involving family in the rehabilitation process
Authors: Lange-von Szczutowski M.
Published: September 2021

Following a traumatic brain injury, many patients struggle to cope with daily activities and experiences, both at the physical and psychological level. In addition to the patient's own coping process, the family's involvement in the heal-ing process is extremely important. Acute care is usually provided by family members and has the potential to either support or hinder rehabilitation and adaptation processes. In addition to new limits of self-care and complaints caused by brain damage, patients face far-reaching psychosocial problems. Despite increasing interest in the management of brain damage and processing of the disease, there is a lack of health-promoting concepts designed to address the impairments and psychosocial relationship difficul-ties suffered by people after traumatic brain injury. In this study, rehabilitation potential was identified by analyzing the results of biographical narrative interviews with men who had suffered a traumatic brain injury in an industrial accident, and their relatives. The selection and qualitative analysis of the rehabilitation process of traumatic brain injury patients reveals the potential for intervention and the need for a holistic integration process between the patient, relatives and physicians, which can be further supported by integrating family members into the treatment process. Keywords: rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury, qualitative social research, reintegration, relatives
Berufliche Teilhabe nach erworbener Hirnschädigung
Authors: Brehm T.
Published: September 2021

Vocational participation after acquired brain injury – an empirical study of opportunities and barriers from the perspective of affected patients and vocational expertsT. BrehmAbstractThe following article summarizes the results and scientific findings of an empirical study on vocational participation after acquired brain injury. It describes opportunities and barriers from the perspective of affected patients and vocational experts. The empirical study was conducted in the context of a degree course on clinical social work. Essential results related to acquired brain injuries are that invisible disabilities and neu-ropsychological deficits complicate opportunities so that continuous support is needed. At the same time, the acceptance of deficits and changing work related opportunities seem to be resources. Seniority, colleagues, and the relationships between them, seem to play ano-ther important role. Risk factors are a change of leadership, change of work content and problematic relationships between colleagues. A big problem seems to be the cooperation with responsible payers (social insurance). In conclusion, the possibility of rehabilitation depends on the willingness of responsible payers. Keywords: acquired brain injury, rehabilitation phase E, return-to-work, profes-sional reintegration, integration assistance, case management
The Status of Seagrass Health: Supporting Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in Misool Marine Protected Area, Raja Ampat, Indonesia
Authors: Tebaiy Selvi , Mampioper Denny Clif , Batto Marjan , Manuputty Agnestesya , Tuharea Syafri , Clement Krista
Published: September 2021

Seagrass plays an important role in aquatic resources, such as to support the sustainable management of small-scale fisheries, ensuring the availability of seagrass stocks for generations of local communities to cultivate in a sustainable manner. The purpose of this study is to provide information on the seagrass health status to support sustainable small-scale fisheries in the South Misool Regional Waters Conservation Areas which is located within the Raja Ampat Marine Protected Area of  West Papua. The research was conducted in January 2019 in the Yefgag, Yellu and Harapan Jaya island. A total of ten quadratic transects measuring 1x1 m were laid perpendicularly to the coastline adapted from the seagrass watch method to collect the seagrass data, i.e. the species and the frequency of seagrass found, the dominance and the percentage of seagrass cover. Additional data on fish species were collected by interviewing the local fishermen directly. The relationship between seagrass cover and the number of fish species was analyzed. Th results showed that there were eight species of seagrass found in three observation stations, i.e. Halophila ovalis, Halodule uninervis, Halodule pinifolia, Halophila minor, Syringodium isoetifolium, Cymodocea serrulata, Cymodocea rotundata and Enhalus acoroides. According to the standard criteria for the health status of seagrass beds, the three locations are classified as less rich/less healthy. It because the seagrass coverage was in the range of 30-59%. The relationship between the percentage of seagrass cover and the number of fish species resulted equation of  Y = 15,923x + 0,3174 with R2 = 0,763. It means that the percentage of seagrass cover affects the abundance of fish species by 76,3% with the remaining being influenced by other variables, such as water quality.
A Preliminary Study: Marine Biogeography of Nautilus in the Bangka Belitung Seas, Indonesia
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Sumantyo Josaphat Tetuko Sri , Pamungkas Aditya , Muftiadi M Rizza , Yusuf Muh
Published: September 2021

Nautilus is the only surviving genus whose members were numerous and widely dispersed in the oceans throughout the Jurassic and Miocene times. It represents the only living member from the Family Nautilidae and is often considered as a living fossil. Nautilus is found with high biodiversity in Ambon, Indonesia, and were in special cases even found in Bangka Belitung, far from their original habitat. This study aimed to understand the historical component of the habitat and distribution of Nautilus in Bangka Belitung and to determine the depth, temperature, current, and environmental heterogeneity relate to Nautilus. Nautilus samples were found in Bangka Belitung Seas nearby a crack region at 50–75 m deep while the optimal depth of the Nautilus was 150–300 m, depending on the local area. The locations in the Bangka Belitung Seas where Nautilus found have sea surface temperatures between 30-31°C and 27-28°C during the East Monsoon and the West Monsoon respectivelly. The implications of temperature as a limiting factor are fairly significant, as it restricts the upper limit of the living habitat to predictable depths, which vary both geographically and seasonally during the West Monsoon when surface temperatures approach habitable levels. Sea currents at the Bangka Belitung Seas move at 0–0.6 m.s-1 during the East Monsoon and speed up near the North Natuna Sea. During the West Monsoon, currents predominantly flow from the Natuna Sea to the Java Sea at 0–0.5 m.s-1. Large-scale deep-water currents and the effects of smaller currents on scent dispersal influence the directional movements of Nautilus.
Potential Study of Tidal Stream Turbine Farm at Toyapakeh Strait, Bali
Authors: Kurniawan Alamsyah , Barli Prayla Putri Annani , Pratama Munawir Bintang , Fitriadhy Ahmad
Published: September 2021

In 2015, Bali Province is mandated by ESDM ministry to become the National Region of Clean Energy, promoting efforts to explore new source of electricity namely tidal stream energy. Previous works have demonstrated that Toyapakeh Strait contains a promising tidal stream resource, with a high stream in a long period. In this study, hydrodynamic modelling and power production analysis is conducted to evaluate this potential with an aim to meet energy demand of Tiga Nusa Cluster Islands. Twenty-one Gen5 KHPS turbines are employed in this study, at an optimized location, 8.72°S, 115.44°E, which contains the highest energy potential. Financial analysis, with 25-year return period of investment and 3.60% interest rate, resulting levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of Rp 6,100.kWh-1. This value is higher than the national and regional selling nominal, in other word the energy cost of tidal stream turbine is relatively high in this location. Nearly 46% of energy cost is spent for turbine fabrication, and from the sensitivity analysis, cutting half the turbine costs may reduce the price by Rp 1,400.kWh-1 while increasing the amount of installed turbine is less significant. Despite of the high prices, the study shows that Toyapakeh Strait holds a promising resource of tidal stream energy.
Spread beyond the border: Small Scale genetic structure of the introduced Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni) population in the Bali Strait
Authors: Putra I Nyoman Giri , Puspitha Ni Luh Putu Ria , Suryaningtyas Endang Wulandari , Suryaningtyas Endang Wulandari
Published: September 2021

The living marine aquarium trade has been known to mediate various aquatic invaders to spread and established a new population outside of their natural home range. In most cases, the introduce species cause a cascaded effect which harm the native species and their ecosystem. The successful of the invasion event often related to the genetic properties of the introduced species. Therefore, using a molecular approach based on a mitochondrial DNA marker, the present work aimed to evaluate the population genetic structure of the introduced P. kauderni population in Bali Strait. Samples were collected from four sites in Gilimanuk Bay, Bali Strait. Our results showed  a high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity that might be a signal of a bottleneck. Overall, we found five haplotypes comprising two unique haplotypes and three shared haplotypes. Genetic structure was detected in some localities, which indicates Pterapogon kauderni might originated from various genetically distinct populations. However, we could not conclusively determine the observed patterns of the genetic structure within each site. These patterns are likely related to the multiple introduction event of P. kauderni in Bali Strait. Additional samples from both side (introduced and native habitat) combined with more rapidly evolving markers may describe the structure more clearly.
Monitoring of Sedimentation on Geosynthetic Bags Installation Area in Banyuurip Mangrove Center, Ujung Pangkah, Gresik, Indonesia
Authors: Sartimbul Aida , Ningtias Safitri Widya , Dewi Citra Satrya Utama , Rahman Muhammad Arif Arif , Yona Defri , Sari Syarifah Hikmah Julinda , Hidayati Nurin
Published: September 2021

Banyuurip is one of the villages in Ujung Pangkah District which has potential natural resource that is mangrove forests. However, the occurrence of abrasion and conversion of mangrove land has impacted mangrove ecosystem. Rehabilitation efforts by replanting mangroves have been carried out, but they have not been effective in overcoming the current problems. The reduction of mangrove area that led the decreased of mangrove’s function can affect the livelihood of the local community, including fishermen. The installation of geosynthetic bags, which are sand-filled bags arranged on the ground, is done as an alternative solution in Banyuurip Village which functions as coastal protection and a sediment trap. The utilization of geosynthetic material is often used to help the coastal problem, the used of geosynthetic material is rarely carried out in mangrove areas. This study aims to determine the sediment characteristics, sedimentation rates, and sedimentation process based on the relationship between current velocity and sedimentation rate. The result shows that generally the type of sediment fraction in this location is silt (79,12% - 80,12%) and the rest is clay. The current installation of geosynthetic bags can result in the land extension from the trapped sediment behind the structure. In addition, the current velocity conditions and the sediment transport process also affect the sedimentation process that occurs. The average sedimentation rates around the geosynthetic bags installation area ranged from 150.72-305.01 mg.cm-2.day-1. This study may provide a basic information for further development in Banyuurip Mangrove Center and other mangrove conservation area.
Seasonal Variability of Waves Within the Indonesian Seas and Its Relation With the Monsoon Wind
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto , Sugianto Denny Nugroho , Zainuri Muhammad , Permatasari Galuh , Atmodjo Warsito , Rochaddi Baskoro , Ismanto Aris , Wetchayont Parichat , Wirasatriya Anindya
Published: September 2021

The previous studies have simulated the variability of the wave within the Indonesian seas which showed that the variability of wave follows the seasonal pattern. However, their analysis only consider the influence of local wind forcings. The bias and error of their simulated wave were also unclear. In the present study, we investigate the variability of wave within the Indonesian seas and its relation with the surface wind speed using the combination of reanalysis and remote sensing data with high accuracies. We split the analysis into swell and wind wave to obtain the influence of local and remote wind forcings. We show that at the inner seas (i.e., the South China Sea, Java Sea, Flores Sea, Banda Sea and Arafura Sea), the variability of significant wave height (SWH) is majorly influenced by the variability of the speed of monsoon wind. The maximum SWH during Northwest monsoon (NWM) season is located at the South China Sea while during Southeast monsoon (SEM) season is at Arafura Sea. This indicates that the wind wave (sea) is dominant at the inner seas. At the open seas (i.e., Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean) the variability of SWH less corresponds to the the speed of monsoon wind. The remote wind forcings control the wave variability in the open ocean area. This indicates that swell is dominant at the open seas. In general, the magnitude of SWHswell is also more than SWHsea within the Indonesian seas.
Difference in Diet and Water Quality Influencing the Growth of the Newly Introduced Penaeus merguiensis Larva Culture
Authors: Ighwerb Mostafa Imhmed , Hutabarat Johannes , Yudiati Ervia , Pribadi Rudhi
Published: September 2021

The water quality found on the surface is usually better than that accumulated at the seabed and more bottomless sea. When recycled, water usually brings many materials along the path, all the way to reaching its end. Water quality varies from place to place, season, and different types of rock and soil it passes through also influences the possessed quality. By employing Penaeus merguiensis larvae produced by the Marine Research Center Hatchery owned by Jepara's government, this study analyzes varying effects in three nominal salinities (28, 32, and 36 ppt) and types of diets (Diet A: 100% live feed; Diet B: 100% FRIPPAK; Diet C: a combination of Diet A and Diet C, 50 % each) and finds the optimum water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature on the growth of the newly introduced Penaeus merguiensis larvae. The results show that two nominals of water salinities (28 and 32 ppt) with Diet A works well, supporting the growth from most Zoea to Postlarvae-1: Zoea-1 at 28 ppt with Diet A; Zoea-2 at 32 ppt with Diet A; Zoea-3 at 32 ppt with Diet A; Mysis-1 at 28 ppt with Diet A; Mysis-2 at 28 ppt with Diet C; Mysis-3 at 28 ppt with Diet A; Postlarva-1 at 28 ppt with Diet A. All shrimp prefers temperature ranging from 31-32.4 °C with dissolved oxygen of 4.9-5.74 ppm and pH 7.0-8.1.
Prediction of Salinity Based on Meteorological Data Using the Backpropagation Neural Network Method
Authors: Azizah Anisa Nur , Novitasari Dian C.R. , Intan Putroue Keumala , Setiawan Fajar , Sari Ghaluh Indah Permata
Published: September 2021

Salinity is the level of salt dissolved in water. The salinity level of seawater can affect the hydrological balance and climate change. The salinity level of seawater in each area varies depending on the influencing factors, that is evaporation and precipitation (rainfall). One way to find out the salinity level is by taking seawater samples, which requires a long time and costs a lot. In this study, the salinity level of seawater can be predicted by utilizing time series data patterns from evaporation and precipitation using artificial neural network learning, namely the backpropagation neural network. The evaporation and precipitation data used were derived from the ECMWF dataset, while the salinity data were derived from NOAA where each data was taken at the coordinate point of 9,625 113,625 in the south of Java island. Seawater salinity, evaporation, and precipitation data were formed into a 7-day time series data. This study conducted several backpropagation architectural experiments, that is the learning rate, hidden layer, and the number of nodes in the hidden layer to obtain the best results. The results of the seawater salinity prediction were obtained at a MAPE value of 2.063% with a model architecture using 14 input layers, 2 hidden layers with 10 nodes and 2 nodes, 1 output layer, and a learning rate of 0.7. Predicted sea water salinity data ranging from 33 to 35 ppt. Therefore, the prediction system for seawater salinity using the backpropagation method can be said to be good in providing information about the salinity level of sea water on the island of Java.
Parameters affecting oil extraction from rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seed
Authors: Minh Nguyen Phuoc
Published: September 2021

Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seed is commonly discarded as waste. This seed contains abundant fat that is a valuable source for vegetable oil production. To utilize this seed as a potential oil source for the human diet, this research investigated some technical variables in solvent extraction affecting the yield and quality of vegetable oil. The present research focused on the effect of particle seed size (48-28 mesh sieve), mixture of ethanol/ethyl acetate (1/1, 2/1, 3/1, 1/2, 1/3), solvent to solid ratio (5/1, 6/1, 7/1, 8/1, 9/1), extraction temperature (40–60 °C) and extraction time (30–90 min). Results showed that rambutan seed should be finely ground to 35 mesh sieve, soaked with ethanol/ethyl acetate (3/1, v/v) for 30 min, solvent/material ratio (7/1, v/w), extraction temperature (50 °C) in 60, 75, 90 min to obtain the high recovery efficiency (95.70±0.01 %) and medium antioxidant potential (total phenolic content: 14.97±0.01 mg GAE/g, total carotenoid content: 109.58±0.02 mg/kg); the low percentage of inhibition to radical DPPH (20.45±0.00 mg/ml), low peroxide value (1.49±0.03 mEq/kg), acid value (1.39±0.02 mg KOH/gm), iodine value (18.27±0.00 gm/100 gm), saponification value (86.15±0.03 mg KOH/gm). Comparing to TCVN 7597: 2013, the extracted rambutan seed oil had oxidative indicators within the acceptable limit. This rambutan seed oil would be a potential ingredient for cosmetic and personal health care industries.
“Yassıoda” Ve Ötesi: 27 Mayıs 1960 Askeri Darbesinin Türk Dışişleri Bakanlığına Etkisi
Authors: Sert Hüseyin
Published: September 2021

27 Mayıs 1960 günü Türkiye’de gerçekleştirilen askeri müdahale bir yandan ülkede ortalama on yılda bir tekrar edecek askeri bürokrasinin sivil siyasete müdahale geleneğini başlatırken diğer yandan da getirmiş olduğu yasal ve anayasal düzenlemelerle sadece siyasi hayatın değil bürokratik yapıların da yeniden tanımlanmasına yol açmıştır. O güne değin iç siyaset rüzgarlarından bağımsız bir şekilde, milli bir konu olduğu varsayılan dış politikayı özerk alanı içerisinde yürütmekle yükümlü olan Hariciye Vekaleti, 27 Mayıs’ın estirdiği rüzgardan en çok etkilenen sivil bürokratik kurumlardan birisi olmuştur. Darbe öncesi dönemin önde gelen bürokratları görevinden alınmış, Bakanlığın yasa ile tanımlanmış belirli yetkileri diğer bakanlıklara veya kurumlara devredilmiş ve daha önce başlatılmış kimi uygulamalar ya sonlandırılmış ya da değişikliğe uğratılmıştır. Üstelik bu kararlar, kuruma ilişkin mesleki gerekliliklerle değil de daha ziyade devrilen iktidara duyulan tepkinin bir sonucu olarak konjonktürel gerekçelerle alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada, 27 Mayıs 1960 askeri müdahalesinin Türk Dışişleri bürokrasisine etkisi döneme ilişkin tanıklıkların mukayeseli bir incelemesi sonucunda ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda hem 27 Mayıs’ın sivil bürokratik kurumlar açısından doğurduğu sonuçların ele alınması hem de iç siyaset etkilerine görece bağışıklığı olduğu düşünülen Dışişleri Bakanlığının darbe sonrası deneyiminin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu tür bir çaba ile 27 Mayıs askeri müdahalesi sonrası dönemin ihmal edilmiş yönlerinden birisine ışık tutulmasının yanı sıra Dışişleri bürokrasisi örneği üzerinden Türkiye’nin yakın tarihine ilişkin belirli ön kabullerin geçerliliğinin sorgulanması öngörülmektedir.
Türkiye’nin Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Güvenlik Tehdidi Algısı: Askeri Tezkere Kararları Üzerinden Bir İnceleme
Authors: Çolak Yunus
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Soğuk Savaş sonrası güvenlik tehdidi algılamalarını, Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi (TBMM) tarafından kabul edilen askeri tezkere kararları üzerinden incelemektedir. Teorik çerçeve bakımından Kopenhag Okulu’nun güvenlikleştirme yaklaşımını kullanan bu çalışma, Soğuk Savaş sonrasında TBMM tarafından kabul edilen askeri tezkere kararlarının gerekçe metinleri Türkiye’nin güvenlik tehdidi algılamaları bakımından analiz etmiştir. Nitekim askeri tezkerelerin her birine ait bir gerekçe metninin bulunuyor olması, güvenlikleştirme yaklaşımının bu konuya yönelik iyi bir çerçeve oluşturabilmesinin önünü açmaktadır. Bu noktada, TBMM tarafından, 1990-2021 yılları arasında toplamda 95 askeri tezkere kabul edilmiştir. Bu askeri tezkerelerin 47 tanesinde gerekçe olarak Türkiye’nin güvenliği ve/veya Türkiye’ye yönelik bir güvenlik tehdidi belirtilmiştir. Çalışmanın ulaştığı en temel sonuç, Türkiye’nin Soğuk Savaş sonrasındaki güvenlik tehdidi algısı, güney kara sınırındaki meseleler etrafında şekillendirdiğidir. Bu noktada, bir süreklilik halinde, Irak ve Suriye’den askeri ve/veya düzensiz göçe dair bir güvenlik tehdidi algılayan Türkiye, zaman içerisinde söz konusu bu tehdit algılamalarının kaynağı olarak PKK/YPG/PYD ya da DEAŞ gibi devlet dışı aktörlerin de içerisinde bulunduğu farklı aktörleri belirtmiştir. Elbette ki söz konusu bu dönemde Türkiye’nin güvenlik algısı yalnızca askeri tezkerelere konu olmuş ülke veya aktörlerce şekillenmemişse de askeri tezkerelerin incelenmesi somut bazı çıkarımlar yapılabilmesine olanak tanımıştır. Bu noktada, Türkiye’nin güvenlik algısı 1990’larda Irak’tan kaynaklı meselelerle şekillenmişse de sonradan Suriye’den kaynaklı meselelerle birlikte büyük bir değişim geçirdiğini söylemek mümkündür. Bu süreç irdelendiğinde hem güvenlik tehdidinin kaynaklandığı aktör sayısında bir artış gözlemlenmiştir hem de tehdidin konusunun ve yapısının çeşitlendiği görülmüştür. Bunun yanında tüm bu başarılı güvenlikleştirmelerde, güvenlik tehdidi bakımından askeri sektör birincil olarak mevcut iken, aynı zamanda, ekonomik ve toplumsal sektör de tezkere metinlerinde zaman zaman vurgulanan sektörler olmuştur.
Türkiye'deki Suriyeliler: Devlet Kapasitesi ve Meşruiyet Konusu
Authors: Üzelakçil Özgür
Published: September 2021

Bu makale Suriyeli göçmenlere yönelik izlenen göç siyasetine Michael Mann’ın Devlet Kapasitesi kuramıyla bakarken; Chantal Mouffe’nin çatışmacı ve Jurgen Habermas’ın müzakereci demokrasi uygulamalarından hareketle, meşruiyet olgusunu da bu kurama ekleyerek katkı yapmayı hedeflemektedir. Makalenin temel savı, Türkiye’nin Suriyeli göçmenlere yönelik izlediği politikalarda yönetim ve meşruiyet açığı ile karşılaştığıdır. Bu iki boyutlu açık, toplumsal adalet ve eşitliğin bozulduğunun ve politik kararların zayıfladığının göstergesi olarak; devletin akut bir altyapısal iktidar eksikliğine işaret etmektedir. Dolayısıyla; Suriyeli göçmenlere yönelik izlenen siyasetin geçicilikten ziyade, kalıcılık üzerine yapılarak, gerek yasal gerekse toplumsal rıza geliştirmek konularında, yeni politikalara ihtiyacı olduğu görülmektedir.
İsrail Yerleşim Politikasının Filistinlilerin Hayatı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Seyahat ve Dolaşım Özgürlüğü Çerçevesinde Furuş Beyt Deccan Köyü İncelemesi
Authors: Bölme Selin M. , Kaya Emine
Published: September 2021

İsrail’in 1967 savaşı sonrasında Filistin topraklarındaki hakimiyetini sürdürmesinin en önemli araçlarından biri yerleşimler olmuştur. 1967’de başlayan yerleşim faaliyetleri zamanla Batı Şeria’yı sararak, bölgenin haritasını ve demografisini değiştirmiştir. Yerleşimler sadece konutlardan ibaret değillerdir. İsrail’in yerleşimlerin ihtiyaçlarını ve güvenliğini gerekçe göstererek inşa ettiği kontrol noktaları, kısıtlı yol ağları, yol engelleri ve Batı Şeria bariyeri (Ayrım Duvarı) ile çok daha komplike bir yapı oluşturmaktadırlar. Söz konusu bu komplike yapı sayesinde başlarda geçici olarak görülen askeri işgal kalıcı hale getirerek İsrail’in ilhak politikasının en etkili aracı haline gelmiştir. İsrail işgal ettiği bölgelerin geleceğini belirlemek için yerleşimler kurarken, bu toprakların aslında Filistinlilerin geleceği olduğu gerçeğinin üstünü örtmeye çalışmıştır. Bu yönüyle yerleşimler, Filistinlilerin sosyal, siyasi ve ekonomik hayatının her alanını sızmakta ve onları kuşatma altına almaktadır. Bu kuşatma nedeniyle Filistinliler sağlık ve eğitim gibi en temel ihtiyaçlara erişimde ve temel ekonomik faaliyetlerini yürütmekte büyük engellerle karşılaşmaktadırlar. İsrail oluşturduğu engellerle Filistinlilerin yaşamını kısıtlarken aynı zamanda onları belirli sınırlar içinde kontrol altında tutmayı sağlamıştır. Bu çalışma İsrail’in Batı Şeria’da inşa ettiği yerleşimlerin ve yerleşimlerinin bileşenlerinin Filistinlilerin hayatı üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada en temel insan haklarından biri olan seyahat ve dolaşım özgürlüğü çerçevesinde bu etki incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın iddiası yerleşimlerin varlığının ve yerleşimleri merkeze alarak İsrailli makamların Filistinlilerin seyahat ve dolaşımına getirdiği kanuni ve/veya fiili kısıtlamaların ve engellerin Filistin halkının yaşam koşullarını en temel ihtiyaçlarını gideremeyecek kadar ağırlaştırdığıdır. Bu durum Filistin halkı üzerinde topraklarını terk etme baskısı oluşturarak, İsrail’in işgalini genişletmektedir. Çalışmada İsrail yerleşimlerinin Filistinlilerin hayatı üzerindeki bu etkisi vaka analizi olarak seçilen Furuş Beyt Deccan köyü üzerinden analiz edilmiştir.
The Ages of Jihadi Salafism: A Dual Exchange of Ideas and Contexts in Ideological Formation
Authors: Çakmaktaş Nurullah
Published: September 2021

In this study I try to trace the ideological formation of jihadi Salafism through a chronological survey of the foundational texts, which were penned by people, who were regarded as ideologues of jihadi Salafism, in the form of reaction pieces to the conjuncture they were set against. I argue in this article that there is a strong connection between some religious, political, and military developments and facts, internal or external in origin, that influenced the Muslim world and each major theme of jihadi thought that went into circulation over time. The main objective of this article is to demonstrate that the jihadi ideology, generated as an anomaly of the mainstream Islamic movement in the post-independence period, emerged interrelated with the facts and developments aforementioned above, matured, developed, and became a terrorist movement. The study’s coverage is the course of jihadism from the 1960s to 2006 when ISIS began to take form.
Karşı-Olgusal Analiz ve Gerek-Şart: Soğuk Savaş’ın Sona Ermesi ve Çernobil Nükleer Faciası
Authors: Söyler Mehtap
Published: September 2021

Karşı-olgusal yöntem, nitel araştırmada tekil tarihsel olayların nedenleri hakkında çıkarım yapmayı sağlar. Tarihsel araştırmada gerek-şart hipotezlerine dayalı karşı-olgusal çıkarımlar kuramsal açıklamaları geliştirme, netleştirme, karşılaştırma ve test etmede vaka-içi analizle birlikte kullanılır. ABD ve Sovyetler Birliği arasındaki iki kutupluluğun damgasını vurduğu Soğuk Savaş’ın barışçıl olarak sona ermesini açıklayan kuramlar farklı gerek-şartlar öne sürer. Realist açıklama Soğuk Savaş’ın bitişinin gerek-şartının ekonomik gerileme olduğunu, düşünsel açıklama ise Gorbaçov’un “yeni düşüncesi” olduğunu öne sürer. Bu makale, karşı-olgusal yöntemi ve küme kuramını Soğuk Savaş’ın bitişine dair bu rakip açıklamaları incelemek için kullanmaktadır. Önce, karşı-olgusal yöntemin uygulanmasında gözetilecek standartları ele almaktadır. Soğuk Savaş’ın sona ermesini küme kuramıyla ve karşı-olgusal yaklaşımla okuyarak, realist ve düşünsel açıklamaları karşılaştırmaktadır. Sonra, şu karşı-olgusal çıkarımın analizine odaklanmaktadır: “1986 Çernobil nükleer kazası olmasaydı, Soğuk Savaş sona ermezdi”. Son olarak, bu olayı rakip açıklamalara dahil ederek hipotez testleri geliştirmektedir. Farklı nedensel varsayımlar çerçevesinde gerek-şart açıklamalarının nasıl test edilebileceğini, dolayısıyla Soğuk Savaş’ın bitişine dair hipotezlerin nasıl geliştirilebileceğini veya yeniden düzenlenebileceğini göstermektedir. Çalışmanın amacı en iyi açıklamayı bulmak ya da Çernobil faciasını dahil eden vaka analiziyle yeni bir açıklama geliştirmek değildir. Makale, alternatif nedensel varsayımlar sunmaktadır ve her varsayım için, vaka-içi analizle teyit edilmesi halinde, yeni hipotezin ekonomik gerilemenin ve yeni düşüncenin nedensel statüsünü nasıl etkileyeceğini belirtmektedir.
Avrupa Birliğinin İstanbul Sözleşmesine Katılım Süreci: Yeni Bir Ulusüstücülük- Hükümetlerarasıcılık Rekabeti mi?
Authors: Erdoğan Seven
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmanın odak noktasında Avrupa Birliği’nin İstanbul Sözleşmesine katılım süreci ve bu süreçte farklı tercihlere sahip aktörler arasındaki tartışma ve rekabet yer almaktadır. Avrupa’da 1950’li yılların sonunda varlık kazanan bölgesel bütünleşme deneyimi, zaman içinde farklı politika alanlarında üye devletlerden Birlik düzeyine aktarılan yetkilerle yeni politika alanlarına yayılmıştır. Birlik üyesi tüm devletler açısından ortak bir problem olan kadına yönelik şiddet, Birliğin tarihsel süreçte politika üretmeye ve faaliyet göstermeye yetkili hale geldiği konulardan biri olmuştur. Bu yetki paylaşımı sonucunda kadına yönelik şiddet alandaki adımlar, üye devletler ve Birlik tarafından üretilen politika ve uygulanan araçlar yoluyla atılmıştır. Avrupa Birliği’nin kadına yönelik şiddetle mücadele konusunda sıklıkla en ileri ve hukuki bağlayıcılığa sahip tek uluslararası belge olarak anılan Avrupa Konseyi İstanbul Sözleşmesine katılımı da Birliğin kadına yönelik şiddetle mücadele alanındaki faaliyetlerinin bir uzantısıdır. Avrupa bütünleşmesi en başından beri ulusüstücü ve hükümetlerarasıcı güçler arasındaki rekabetle şekillenmiş ve bu rekabetin tarafı olan aktörler arasındaki güç dengesinin sonuçlarını yansıtmıştır. Birliğin Sözleşmeye katılımı da ulusüstücü-hükümetlerarası ikilemi perspektifi temelinde analiz edilebilir. Bu bağlamda Sözleşmeye katılımı destekleyen aktörleri ulusüstücü, katılıma dair şüpheleri olan aktörleri de hükümetlerarasıcı olarak konumlandırmak ve Avrupa bütünleşmesini en başından beri şekillendiren bu iki eğilimin temsil eden bu aktörler arasındaki rekabetin İstanbul Sözleşmesine dair katılımda belirleyici olduğunu ileri sürmek mümkündür. Çalışmada ilk olarak Avrupa bütünleşmesinin hükümetlerarasıcılık-ulusüstücülük rekabeti boyutu ele alınmaktadır. Ardından İstanbul Sözleşmesi ve Avrupa’da kadına yönelik şiddetle mücadele açısından önemi, Avrupa Birliği’nin Sözleşmeye katılım saiklerinin anlaşılması açısından incelenmektedir. Son olarak, Avrupa Birliği’nin İstanbul Sözleşmesine katılım süreci ile ulusüstücü ve hükümetlerarasıcı aktörlerin konuya yaklaşımları üzerinde durulmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda Avrupa Birliği’nin İstanbul Sözleşmesine katılımına dair gelecek süreçte yaşanabileceklere dair öngörülerde bulunulması hedeflenmektedir.
Conventional synthesis of perovskite structured LaTixFe1-xO3: A comprehensive evaluation on phase formation, opto-magnetic, and dielectric properties
Authors: Raji Ramesh Kumar , Ramachandran Tholkappiyan , Muralidharan M. , Suriakarthick R. , Dhilip Muthu , Hamed Fathalla , Kurapati Vishista
Published: September 2021

Perovskite structured LaTixFe1-xO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25) lanthanum ferrites were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction. The structural Rietveld refinement and Raman analysis were conducted and confirmed that single-phase orthorhombic phase with Pbnm symmetry formed. The positions of the ions and their bonds of these ferrites were investigated. The spherical shaped morphology of these ferrites was examined. The quantitative chemical composition and distribution of these ferrites were confirmed. The excitonic absorption edge was observed at 590 nm; ascribed to the electronic transition from O2p→Fe3d and optical band gap values increased from 1.85– 2.02 eV as Ti concentration increased. The dielectric and magnetic behavior of these ferrites was studied. It is suggested that synthesized LaTixFe1xO3 powders with different properties could be tailored for different requirements.
The general noun-modifying clause construction beyond Eurasia
Authors: WU Tong
Published: September 2021

I aim to provide a typological investigation of the General Noun-modifying Clause Construction (NMCC) in languages other than those of Eurasia. I show that the five properties proposed by Matsumoto et al. as potentially correlating with the General NMCC are rather areal features which are falsified by the data of languages from Africa and Europe. The semantic interpretability condition and the syntactic licensing condition of the General Noun-modifying Clause Construction need reconsidering. Semantically, I argue that the interpretability of the General NMCC depends both on the semantics of the head noun and that of the modifying clause because they show close interaction with each other. Syntactically, I propose three general syntactic properties of the languages with the General NMCC, i.e. (1) no relative pronouns or relative pronouns in competition with a general clause marker, (2) complex subordinate locutions composed of the general clause marker(s) (and a head noun), and (3) unified verb forms in subordination.
Velocity-Monitored Resistance Training in Older Adults: The Effects of Low-Velocity Loss Threshold on Strength and Functional Capacity
Authors: Marques Diogo Luís , Neiva Henrique Pereira , Marinho Daniel Almeida , Marques Mário Cardoso
Published: September 2021

Marques, DL, Neiva, HP, Marinho, DA, and Marques, MC. Velocity-monitored resistance training in older adults: the effects of low-velocity loss threshold on strength and functional capacity. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3200–3208, 2022—This study analyzed the effects of velocity-monitored resistance training (RT) with a velocity loss of 10% on strength and functional capacity in older adults. Forty-two subjects (79.7 ± 7.1 years) were allocated into an RT group (n = 21) or a control group (CG; n = 21). Over 10 weeks, the RT group performed 2 sessions per week, whereas the CG maintained their daily routine. During RT sessions, we monitored each repetition's mean velocity in the leg press and chest press exercises at 40–65% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM). The set ended when a velocity loss of 10% was reached. At pretest and post-test, both groups were assessed in the 1RM leg press and chest press, handgrip strength, medicine ball throw (MBT), walking speed (T10), and 5-repetition sit-to-stand (STS). After 10 weeks, the RT group significantly improved the 1RM leg press (p < 0.001; Hedge's g effect size [g] = 0.55), 1RM chest press (p < 0.001; g = 0.72), MBT 1kg (p < 0.01; g = 0.26), T10 (p < 0.05; g = −0.29), and STS (p < 0.05; g = −0.29), whereas the CG significantly increased the T10 (p < 0.05; g = 0.15). Comparisons between groups at post-test demonstrated significant differences in the 1RM leg press (p < 0.001; mean difference [MD] = 14.4 kg), 1RM chest press (p < 0.001; MD = 7.52), MBT 1kg (p < 0.05; MD = 0.40 m), T10 (p < 0.001; MD = −0.60 seconds), and STS (p < 0.001; MD = −1.85 seconds). Our data demonstrate that velocity-monitored RT with velocity loss of 10% results in a few repetitions per set (leg press: 5.1 ± 1.2; chest press: 3.6 ± 0.9) and significantly improves strength and functional capacity in older adults.