bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EULER EQUATION ESTIMATION ON MICRO DATA
Authors: Alan Sule , Atalay Kadir , Crossley Thomas F.
Published: June 2018

Consumption Euler equations are important tools in empirical macroeconomics. When estimated on micro data, they are typically linearized, so standard IV or GMM methods can be employed to deal with the measurement error that is endemic to survey data. However, linearization, in turn, may induce serious approximation bias. We numerically solve and simulate six different life-cycle models, and then use the simulated data as the basis for a series of Monte Carlo experiments in which we evaluate the performance of linearized Euler equation estimation. We sample from the simulated data in ways that mimic realistic data structures. The linearized Euler equation leads to biased estimates of the EIS, but that bias is modest when there is a sufficient time dimension to the data, and sufficient variation in interest rates. However, a sufficient time dimension can only realistically be achieved with a synthetic cohort. Estimates from synthetic cohorts of sufficient length, while often exhibiting small mean bias, are quite imprecise. We also show that in all data structures, estimates are less precise in impatient models.
Importance of Mountain Glaciers as a Source of Dissolved Organic Carbon
Authors: Li Xiangying , Ding Yongjian , Xu Jianzhong , He Xiaobo , Han Tianding , Kang Shichang , Wu Qingbai , Mika Sillanpää , Yu Zhongbo , Li Qijiang
Published: June 2018

Ice sheets and glaciers have been shown to deliver large amounts of labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to downstream aquatic ecosystems, but recent studies may underestimate the release of DOC from mountain glaciers. To date, continuous measurements of DOC from mountain glaciers throughout entire glacier melt season are very limited. Here we present high‐density data on DOC from two Asian mountain glaciers over a full melt season in 2013 and compile a global data set of DOC from 42 mountain glaciers. Based on our study and previously published DOC data, we estimate the storage and release of DOC associated with Asian mountain glaciers to be 8.8 to 13.8 Tg C and 0.19 Tg C/a, respectively. Rough extrapolation of glacier runoff to a global scale suggests that DOC release from mountain glaciers is on the order of 0.8 Tg C/a, which is 1.4 times higher than the most current estimates. The current release of DOC from mountain glaciers is therefore far more significant than previously thought and should be considered in future evaluation of the global carbon cycle.
Shear Rate‐Dependent Disequilibrium Rheology and Dynamics of Basalt Solidification
Authors: Kolzenburg S. , Giordano D. , Hess K. U. , Dingwell D. B.
Published: June 2018

Magmas and lavas undergo a range of shear rates during transport and emplacement. Further, transport of magma and lava occurs at subliquidus conditions where the melt crystallizes at varying temperature, pressure, and oxygen fugacity. Transport efficiency and eruption style are governed by magma rheology, which evolves during cooling, crystallization and degassing. Quantification of magma rheology rests almost exclusively on experimentation at constant temperature and shear rate. We present the first study on the effect of shear rate on subliquidus basalt rheology at conditions relevant to lava flows and shallow magmatic systems. The results reveal that basalts reach their rheologic death or cutoff temperature (Tcutoff; i.e., the point at which the sample rheologically solidifies and flow stops) at higher temperatures when flowing faster, whereas crystallization is suppressed when the shear rate is low. We explore the implications of shear‐enhanced crystallization for modeling and forecasting of lava flow hazards and our understanding of magma and lava transport/storage systems.
Elastic Softening of (Mg0.8Fe0.2)O Ferropericlase Across the Iron Spin Crossover Measured at Seismic Frequencies
Authors: Marquardt H. , Buchen J. , Mendez A. S. J. , Kurnosov A. , Wendt M. , Rothkirch A. , Pennicard D. , Liermann H.‐P.
Published: June 2018

We experimentally determined the bulk modulus of (Mg0.8Fe0.2)O ferropericlase across the iron spin transition and in the low‐spin phase by employing a new experimental approach. In our measurements, we simulate the propagation of a compressional seismic wave (P wave) through our sample by employing a piezo‐driven dynamic diamond anvil cell that allows to oscillate pressure at seismic frequencies. During pressure oscillations, X‐ray diffraction images were continuously collected every 5–50 ms. The bulk modulus is directly calculated from these data at different pressures. Our experiments show a pronounced softening of the bulk modulus throughout the spin crossover, supporting previous single‐crystal measurements at very high frequencies and computations. Comparison of our results to previous data collected on (Mg,Fe)O with lower iron contents shows that the magnitude of softening strongly depends on iron content. Our experiments at seismic frequencies confirm that the iron spin crossover markedly affects the ratio of seismic compressional to shear wave velocities in Earth's lower mantle.
Ultralow Surface Temperatures in East Antarctica From Satellite Thermal Infrared Mapping: The Coldest Places on Earth
Authors: Scambos T. A. , Campbell G. G. , Pope A. , Haran T. , Muto A. , Lazzara M. , Reijmer C. H. , van den Broeke M. R.
Published: June 2018

We identify areas near the East Antarctic ice divide where <−90 °C surface snow temperatures are observed in wintertime satellite thermal‐band data under clear‐sky conditions. The lowest temperatures are found in small (<200 km2) topographic basins of ~2 m depth above 3,800 m elevation. Approximately 100 sites have observed minimum surface temperatures of ~−98 °C during the winters of 2004–2016. Comparisons of surface snow temperatures with near‐surface air temperatures at nearby weather stations indicate that ~−98 °C surfaces imply ~−94 ± 4 °C 2‐m air temperatures. Landsat 8 thermal band data and elevation data show gradients near the topographic depressions of ~6 °C km−1 horizontally and ~4 °C m−1 vertically. Ultralow temperature occurrences correlate with strong polar vortex circulation. We discuss a conceptual model of radiative surface cooling that produces an extreme inversion layer. Further cooling occurs as near‐surface cold air pools in shallow high‐elevation topographic basins, moderated by clear‐air downwelling radiation and heat from subsurface snow.
A Comparison of Model‐Based Ionospheric and Ocean Tidal Magnetic Signals With Observatory Data
Authors: Schnepf N. R. , Nair M. , Maute A. , Pedatella N. M. , Kuvshinov A. , Richmond A. D.
Published: June 2018

Observed tidal geomagnetic field variations are due to a combination of electric currents in the ionosphere, ocean, and their induced counterparts. Using these variations to constrain subsurface electrical conductivity in oceanic regions is a promising frontier; however, properly separating the ionospheric and oceanic tidal contributions of the magnetic field is critical for this. We compare semidiurnal lunar tidal magnetic signals (i.e., the signals due to the M2 tidal mode) estimated from 64 global observatories to physics‐based forward models of the ionospheric M2 magnetic field and the oceanic M2 magnetic field. At ground level, predicted ionospheric M2 amplitudes are strongest in the horizontal components, whereas the predicted oceanic amplitudes are strongest in the vertical direction. There is good agreement between the predicted and estimated M2 phases for the Y component; however, the F and X components experience deviations that may be indicative of unmodeled ionospheric processes or unmodeled coastal effects. Overall, we find that the agreement between the physics‐based model predictions and the observations is very encouraging for electromagnetic sensing applications, especially since the predicted ionospheric vertical component is very weak.
Electron Flux Enhancements at L = 4.2 Observed by Global Positioning System Satellites: Relationship With Solar Wind and Geomagnetic Activity
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Mourenas Didier , Artemyev Anton V. , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Thorne Richard Mansergh
Published: June 2018

Determining solar wind and geomagnetic activity parameters most favorable to strong electron flux enhancements is an important step toward forecasting radiation belt dynamics. Using electron flux measurements from Global Positioning System satellites at L = 4.2 in 2009–2016, we seek statistical relationships between flux enhancements at different energies and solar wind dynamic pressure Pdyn, AE, and Kp, from hundreds of events inside and outside the plasmasphere. Most ≥1‐MeV electron flux enhancements occur during nonstorm (or weak storm) times. Flux enhancements of 4‐MeV electrons outside the plasmasphere occur during periods of low Pdyn and high AE. We perform superposed epoch analyses of Global Positioning System electron fluxes, along with solar wind and geomagnetic indices, 40‐keV electron flux, ultralow frequency (ULF) wave index from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, and chorus wave intensity from the Van Allen Probes and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms mission. We demonstrate that 4‐MeV electron flux enhancements outside the plasmasphere start when the interplanetary magnetic field (Bz) reaches a minimum and develop during periods of low Pdyn, high AE, low but increasing Dst, moderate ULF wave index, and intense chorus waves. Flux enhancements at 100 keV occur under conditions with higher Pdyn, higher ULF wave index, and elevated 40‐keV electron flux at L = 6.6. Moreover, electron flux enhancements take much more time to develop at higher energies. This suggests that 100‐keV flux enhancements are dominated by injections, while MeV electron energization is predominantly induced by chorus waves with further amplification by inward transport.
Multi‐instrument Investigation of the Location of Saturn's Magnetotail X‐Line
Authors: Smith A. W. , Jackman C. M. , Thomsen M. F. , Lamy L. , Sergis N.
Published: June 2018

Reconnection is a fundamentally important process in planetary magnetospheres, with both local and global effects. At Saturn, observations of the magnetotail reconnection site (or x‐line) are rare, with only one in situ encounter reported to date. In this work, an extensive database of plasmoids and dipolarizations (Smith et al., 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA022005) was investigated from a multi‐instrument perspective in order to probe the location and variability of the magnetotail x‐line. Several clear intervals were identified in which the x‐line location could be indirectly inferred to move on relatively short timescales. Two case studies are presented, the first of which concerns short‐lived flows, suggesting the reconnection sites can be either short‐lived (∼10 minutes) or extremely azimuthally limited (∼3RS/0.4 hr of local time). The second interval concerns the tailward motion of the reconnection site (or sites), inferred from the increasing electron temperature (and diminishing electron density) associated with the flows. This tailward motion occurs over ∼2.5 hr (approximately a quarter of a planetary rotation). The composition of the suprathermal plasma suggests that this could be an example of the gradual depletion of mass‐loaded flux tubes (that must occur prior to lobe reconnection). These case studies are consistent with previous statistical work that suggested that the site of reconnection in the Kronian magnetotail can be highly dynamic.
Role of Groundwater in the Dryland Ecohydrological System: A Case Study of the Heihe River Basin
Authors: Yao Yingying , Tian Yong , Andrews Charles , Li Xi , Zheng Yi , Zheng Chunmiao
Published: June 2018

Key Points

Shallow groundwater (<10 m deep) of alluvial plain responds to land surface regimes and dominates seasonal water budget variations

Groundwater system in mountainous upstream impacts the evapotranspiration and surface‐groundwater interactions in alluvial plain downstream

Groundwater sustains ecosystem by contributing to evapotranspiration of vegetation in the growing season and buffering lateral flow
Correction: Publisher Correction: Intensity-dependent modulation of optically active signals in a chiral metamaterial
Authors: Rodrigues Sean P. , Lan Shoufeng , Kang Lei , Cui Yonghao , Panuski Patrick W. , Wang Shengxiang , Urbas Augustine M. , Cai Wenshan
Published: June 2018

Nature Communications 8: Article number: 14602 (2017); Published: 27 February 2017, Updated: 25 June 2018 The original HTML version of this Article had an incorrect article number of ‘0’; it should have been ‘14602’. This has now been corrected in the HTML version of the Article. The PDF version wascorrect from the time of publication.
Correction: Publisher Correction: Giant heat transfer in the crossover regime between conduction and radiation
Authors: Kloppstech Konstantin , Könne Nils , Biehs Svend-Age , Rodriguez Alejandro W. , Worbes Ludwig , Hellmann David , Kittel Achim
Published: June 2018

Nature Communications 8: Article number: 14475 (2017); Published: 15 February 2017, Updated: 25 June 2018 The original HTML version of this Article omitted the article number; it should have been ‘14475’. This has now been corrected in the HTML version of the Article. The PDF version was correct from the time of publication.
Correction: Publisher Correction: Study of radiative heat transfer in Ångström- and nanometre-sized gaps
Authors: Cui Longji , Jeong Wonho , Fernández-Hurtado Víctor , Feist Johannes , García-Vidal Francisco J. , Cuevas Juan Carlos , Meyhofer Edgar , Reddy Pramod
Published: June 2018

Nature Communications 8: Article number: 14479 (2017); Published: 15 February 2017; Updated: 25 June 2018 The original HTML version of this Article omitted the article number; it should have been ‘14479’. This has now been corrected in the HTML version of the Article. The PDF version was correct from the time of publication.
The independence of and associations among apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis
Authors: Chen Qi , Kang Jian , Fu Caiyun
Published: June 2018

Cell death is an essential biological process for physiological growth and development. Three classical forms of cell death—apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis—display distinct morphological features by activating specific signaling pathways. With recent research advances, we have started to appreciate that these cell death processes can cross-talk through interconnecting, even overlapping, signaling pathways, and the final cell fate is the result of the interplay of different cell death programs. This review provides an insight into the independence of and associations among these three types of cell death and explores the significance of cell death under the specific conditions of human diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
Author Correction: GWAS for male-pattern baldness identifies 71 susceptibility loci explaining 38% of the risk
Authors: Pirastu Nicola , Joshi Peter K. , de Vries Paul S. , Cornelis Marilyn C. , McKeigue Paul M. , Keum NaNa , Franceschini Nora , Colombo Marco , Giovannucci Edward L. , Spiliopoulou Athina , Franke Lude , North Kari E. , Kraft Peter , Morrison Alanna C. , Esko Tõnu , Wilson James F.
Published: June 2018

We have been alerted that in our recent Article the calculations used to transform the heritability from the observed scale to the liability scale did not take into account the individuals in category 2 of the baldness scale, who were removed in our original analysis. This led to an overestimation of the heritability on the liability scale, which should have been 0.62 instead of 0.94. Moreover, in the Title and in the Abstract, we report that we can explain 38% of the risk, while in fact that is the proportion of heritability explained by the loci we discovered. These errors do not substantially change the paper or its conclusions apart from the statement MBP is therefore probably one of the most heritable complex traits. Genome-wide significant associations and pathway analyses are not affected in any way and male-pattern baldness remains less genetically complex than other complex traits. We wish to thank Yap et al. for bringing this to our attention.
Targeting EZH2 reactivates a breast cancer subtype-specific anti-metastatic transcriptional program
Authors: Hirukawa Alison , Smith Harvey W. , Zuo Dongmei , Dufour Catherine R. , Savage Paul , Bertos Nicholas , Johnson Radia M. , Bui Tung , Bourque Guillaume , Basik Mark , Giguère Vincent , Park Morag , Muller William J.
Published: June 2018

Emerging evidence has illustrated the importance of epigenomic reprogramming in cancer, with altered post-translational modifications of histones contributing to pathogenesis. However, the contributions of histone modifiers to breast cancer progression are unclear, and how these processes vary between molecular subtypes has yet to be adequately addressed. Here we report that genetic or pharmacological targeting of the epigenetic modifier Ezh2 dramatically hinders metastatic behaviour in both a mouse model of breast cancer and patient-derived xenografts reflective of the Luminal B subtype. We further define a subtype-specific molecular mechanism whereby EZH2 maintains H3K27me3-mediated repression of the FOXC1 gene, thereby inactivating a FOXC1-driven, anti-invasive transcriptional program. We demonstrate that higher FOXC1 is predictive of favourable outcome specifically in Luminal B breast cancer patients and establish the use of EZH2 methyltransferase inhibitors as a viable strategy to block metastasis in Luminal B breast cancer, where options for targeted therapy are limited.
One-second coherence for a single electron spin coupled to a multi-qubit nuclear-spin environment
Authors: Abobeih M. H. , Cramer J. , Bakker M. A. , Kalb N. , Markham M. , Twitchen D. J. , Taminiau T. H.
Published: June 2018

Single electron spins coupled to multiple nuclear spins provide promising multi-qubit registers for quantum sensing and quantum networks. The obtainable level of control is determined by how well the electron spin can be selectively coupled to, and decoupled from, the surrounding nuclear spins. Here we realize a coherence time exceeding a second for a single nitrogen-vacancy electron spin through decoupling sequences tailored to its microscopic nuclear-spin environment. First, we use the electron spin to probe the environment, which is accurately described by seven individual and six pairs of coupled carbon-13 spins. We develop initialization, control and readout of the carbon-13 pairs in order to directly reveal their atomic structure. We then exploit this knowledge to store quantum states in the electron spin for over a second by carefully avoiding unwanted interactions. These results provide a proof-of-principle for quantum sensing of complex multi-spin systems and an opportunity for multi-qubit quantum registers with long coherence times.
In vivo imaging of inflammation and oxidative stress in a nonhuman primate model of cardiac sympathetic neurodegeneration
Authors: Metzger Jeanette M. , Moore Colleen F. , Boettcher Carissa A. , Brunner Kevin G. , Fleddermann Rachel A. , Matsoff Helen N. , Resnikoff Henry A. , Bondarenko Viktoriya , Kamp Timothy J. , Hacker Timothy A. , Barnhart Todd E. , Lao Patrick J. , Christian Bradley T. , Nickles R. Jerry , Gallagher Catherine L. , Holden James E. , Emborg Marina E.
Published: June 2018

Loss of cardiac postganglionic sympathetic innervation is a characteristic pathology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). It progresses over time independently of motor symptoms and is not responsive to typical anti-parkinsonian therapies. Cardiac sympathetic neurodegeneration can be mimicked in animals using systemic dosing of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). As in PD, 6-OHDA-induced neuronal loss is associated with increased inflammation and oxidative stress. To assess the feasibility of detecting changes over time in cardiac catecholaminergic innervation, inflammation, and oxidative stress, myocardial positron emission tomography with the radioligands [11C]meta-hydroxyephedrine (MHED), [11C]PBR28 (PBR28), and [61Cu]diacetyl-bis(N(4))-methylthiosemicarbazone (ATSM) was performed in 6-OHDA-intoxicated adult, male rhesus macaques (n = 10; 50 mg/kg i.v.). The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist pioglitazone, which is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties, was administered to five animals (5 mg/kg, PO); the other five were placebo-treated. One week after 6-OHDA, cardiac MHED uptake was significantly reduced in both groups (placebo, 86% decrease; pioglitazone, 82%); PBR28 and ATSM uptake increased in both groups but were attenuated in pioglitazone-treated animals (PBR28 Treatment × Level ANOVAp < 0.002; ATSM Mann–Whitneyp = 0.032). At 12 weeks, partial recovery of MHED uptake was significantly greater in the pioglitazone-treated group, dependent on left ventricle circumferential region and axial level (Treatment × Region × Level ANOVAp = 0.034); 12-week MHED uptake significantly correlated with tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity across cardiac anatomy (p < 0.000002). PBR28 and ATSM uptake returned to baseline levels by 12 weeks. These radioligands thus hold potential as in vivo biomarkers of mechanisms of cardiac neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.
Jia-Jian-Di-Huang-Yin-Zi decoction exerts neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons and their microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Jingsi , Zhang Zhennian , Zhang Wen , Li Xiangting , Wu Ting , Li Tingting , Cai Min , Yu Zhonghai , Xiang Jun , Cai Dingfang
Published: June 2018

As a classical prescription of Traditional Chinese medicine, the Jia-Jian-Di-Huang-Yin-Zi (JJDHYZ) decoction has long been used to treat movement disorders. The present study evaluated the effects of JJDHYZ on dopaminergic (DA) neurons and their survival-enhancing microenvironment as well as the possible mechanisms involved using a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. In MPTP-lesioned mice, a high dosage of JJDHYZ (34 g/kg/day) attenuated the loss of DA neurons, reversed the dopamine depletion, and improved the expression of glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) compared to the untreated model group. JJDHYZ also protected the ultrastructure of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and tight junction proteins by inhibiting the activation of microglia and astrocytes besides the increase in three types of matrix metalloproteinases in the substantia nigra. In conclusion, the JJDHYZ-high dosage (JJDHYZ-H) group exhibited the neuroprotection of DA neurons, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the survival-enhancing microenvironment of the DA neurons.
Climate-induced shifts in leaf unfolding and frost risk of European trees and shrubs
Authors: Bigler Christof , Bugmann Harald
Published: June 2018

Climate warming has advanced leaf unfolding of trees and shrubs, thus extending the growing period but potentially exposing plants to increased frost risk. The relative shifts in the timing of leaf unfolding vs. the timing and intensity of frost events determine whether frost risk changes under climate warming. Here we test whether the frost risk for unfolding leaves of 13 European tree and shrub species has changed over more than 60 years using dynamic state-space models and phenological observations from 264 sites located between 200 and 1900 m a.s.l. across Switzerland. Trees and shrubs currently feature sufficient safety margins regarding frost risk, which increase from early- to late-leafing species and tend to decrease with increasing elevation. Particularly after 1970 to 1990 and at higher elevations, leaf unfolding has advanced across all species. While the time between the last critical frost and leaf unfolding has shifted from predominantly positive trends in the late 1950s and 1960s to a trend reversal since the 2000s, the minimum temperature during leaf unfolding has mostly increased since the 1980s. These dynamic shifts in leaf unfolding and frost risk demonstrate species- and site-specific responses of trees and shrubs to climate cooling and warming.
Mechanistic insights into the augmented effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and thiazolidinediones in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats
Authors: Hamza Alaaeldin Ahmed , Fikry Ebtehal Mohammad , Abdallah Wedad , Amin Amr
Published: June 2018

This study was designed to assess whether the protective effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against diabetes could be enhanced by pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARγ agonist. Combined MSCs and PIO treatments markedly improved fasting blood glucose, body weight, lipid profile levels, insulin level, insulin resistance, β cell function. Those protective effects also attenuated both pancreatic lesions and fibrosis in diabetic rats and decreased the depletion of pancreatic mediators of glycemic and lipid metabolism including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), PGC-1α, GLP-1 and IRS-2. Cardiac biogenesis of diabetic groups was also improved with MSCs and/or PIO treatments as reflected by the enhanced up-regulation of the expressions of cardiac IRS1, Glucose transporter 4, PGC-1, PPARα and CPT-1 genes and the down-regulated expression of lipogenic gene SREBP. The combination of MSCs and PIO also potentiated the decrease of abnormal myocardial pathological lesions in diabetic rats. Similarly, the inhibitory effects of MSCs on diabetic cardiac fibrosis and on the up regulations of TGF-β, collagen I and III gene expressions were partial but additive when combined with PIO. Therefore, combined therapy with PIO and BMCs transplantation could further potentiate the protective benefit of MSCs against diabetes and cardiac damage compared to MSCs monotherapy.
Marine microalgae bioengineered Schizochytrium sp. meal hydrolysates inhibits acute inflammation
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Wang Heng , Pierre Joseph F. , Wang Sheng , Huang Huifang , Zhang Jun , Liang Shuangzhen , Zeng Qingzhu , Zhang Chenqing , Huang Meijuan , Ruan Chengxu , Lin Juan , Li Hao
Published: June 2018

Bioengineered marine microalgae Schizochytrium sp. is currently used to produce docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, following DHA extraction, the remaining protein-rich materials are not well utilized. In this study, we report that marine microalgae bioengineered Schizochytrium sp. hydrolysate (MESH), which exhibits a unique peptide profile as identified by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Q-TOF mass spectrometry(UPLC/Q-TOF-MS), ameliorated bowel inflammation in mice. In a mouse model of experimentalcolitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium, compared with the control mice, the mice treated with MESH were highly resistant to colitis, as demonstrated by marked reductions in body weight loss, clinical colitis scores, colonic histological damage, and colonic inflammation. Mechanistically, MESH attenuated the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines. MESH also promoted the proliferation of colonic crypt stem cells and progenitor cells required for crypt repair. Collectively, these results reveal a previously unrecognized role of MESH as a potential anti-inflammatory treatment for colitis.
Author Correction: Prioritizing monitoring and conservation efforts for fish spawning aggregations in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Grüss Arnaud , Biggs Christopher , Heyman William D. , Erisman Brad
Published: June 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis
Authors: Bai Lingling , Shao Hui , Wang Hongxing , Zhang Zhihui , Su Chang , Dong Lijie , Yu Bo , Chen Xiteng , Li Xiaorong , Zhang Xiaomin
Published: June 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
1-Methyl-D-tryptophan Reduces Tumor CD133+ cells, Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κβp65 while Enhances Lymphocytes NF-κβ2, STAT3, and STAT4 Pathways in Murine Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Alahdal Murad , Xing Yun , Tang Tingting , Liang Jin
Published: June 2018

1-Methyl-D-tryptophan (1-MT) is extensively utilized in preclinical trials to deplete indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase (IDO) activity and kynurenine pathway. Since IDO related signaling pathways aren’t well understood, some clinical reports affirmed IDO inhibiting therapeutic significance. Therefore, we did use direct tumor autologous antigens vaccination and 1-MT without chemotherapy to explore biological mechanisms and immunomodulations of 1-MT that motivate antitumor responses. However, DCs antigen-uptake capability, anti-tumor efficiency, intra-tumor and intracellular cytokines were assessed. Besides, CD133+ cells viability and tumor biomarkers were investigated. Splenocytes responses and their signaling pathways such TLRs 2 to 9, NF-κβ1-2, Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β were dissected. Results evinced that a regimen of 1-MT and TAAs significantly reduced CSC CD133 + viability inside tumor microenvironment, besides increasing tumor cells necrosis and apoptosis. Expression of TGF-β, IDO, RANTES, and PDL-1 was also significantly reduced. Interestingly, 1-MT enhanced lymphocytes TLR2, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 pathways. It motivated lymphocytes’ NF-κβ2, STAT3, and STAT4 pathways, while reduced tumors’ NF-κβp65 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. We found that periphery and intra-tumor Treg cells were significantly decreased. In conclusion, depletion of indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase activity evidenced IDO relation with tumor stem cells proliferation pathways. Furthermore, 1-MT supports immunotherapeutic vaccines susceptibility and tumor specific targeting by reducing tumorgensis signaling pathways.
Modeling and mapping the burden of disease in Kenya
Authors: Frings Michael , Lakes Tobia , Müller Daniel , Khan M. M. H. , Epprecht Michael , Kipruto Samuel , Galea Sandro , Gruebner Oliver
Published: June 2018

Precision public health approaches are crucial for targeting health policies to regions most affected by disease. We present the first sub-national and spatially explicit burden of disease study in Africa. We used a cross-sectional study design and assessed data from the Kenya population and housing census of 2009 for calculating YLLs (years of life lost) due to premature mortality at the division level (N = 612). We conducted spatial autocorrelation analysis to identify spatial clusters of YLLs and applied boosted regression trees to find statistical associations between locational risk factors and YLLs. We found statistically significant spatial clusters of high numbers of YLLs at the division level in western, northwestern, and northeastern areas of Kenya. Ethnicity and household crowding were the most important and significant risk factors for YLL. Further positive and significantly associated variables were malaria endemicity, northern geographic location, and higher YLL in neighboring divisions. In contrast, higher rates of married people and more precipitation in a division were significantly associated with less YLL. We provide an evidence base and a transferable approach that can guide health policy and intervention in sub-national regions afflicted by disease burden in Kenya and other areas of comparable settings.
Scalable solid-state synthesis of coralline-like nanostructured Co@CoNC electrocatalyst for Zn–air batteries
Authors: Luo Hao , Jiang Wen-Jie , Lin Cong , Dong Wei , Niu Shuai , Huang Lin-Bo , Zhang Xing , Wei Zidong , Hu Jin-Song
Published: June 2018

A facile and scalable solid-state synthesis strategy is developed to produce hierarchical coralline-like nanostructured electrocatalysts with cobalt nanoparticles and Co–NX sites for efficient oxygen reduction.
Prediction and understanding of AIE effect by quantum mechanics-aided machine-learning algorithm
Authors: Qiu Jia , Wang Kun , Lian Zhouyang , Yang Xing , Huang Wenhui , Qin Anjun , Wang Qian , Tian Jie , Tang Benzhong , Zhang Shuixing
Published: June 2018

An efficient machine learning scheme using a SVM classifier for predicting the aggregation-induced emission effect of triphenylamine-based luminophores was proposed.
Selective radiolabelling with 68Ga under mild conditions: a route towards a porphyrin PET/PDT theranostic agent
Authors: Yap Steven Y. , Price Thomas W. , Savoie Huguette , Boyle Ross W. , Stasiuk Graeme J.
Published: June 2018

A theranostic porphyrin conjugate for use as a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer and as a photosensitiser for photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been synthesised. This conjugate can be radiolabelled with 68Ga at pH 7.4 at room temperature with an RCY of 80%.
Superstructure manipulation and electronic measurement of monolayers comprising discotic liquid crystals with intrinsic dipole moment using STM/STS
Authors: Cheng Kum-Yi , Lin Chih-Hsun , Tzeng Mei-Chun , Mahmood Ayyaz , Saeed Muhammad , Chen Chun-hsien , Ong Chi Wi , Lee Shern-Long
Published: June 2018

In this work, we studied the discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) of dibenzo[a,c]phenazine at the liquid–solid interface using scanning tunnelling microscopy/spectroscopy, by which we show how to tailor the DLC assemblies and in turn their electron-transfer efficiency.
Room temperature synthesis of aqueous soluble covellite CuS nanocrystals with high photothermal conversion
Authors: Chen Wenhui , Xie Yi , Hu Chao , Zeng Tao , Jiang Huirong , Qiao Fen , Gu Jiani , Dong Xunyi , Zhao Xiujian
Published: June 2018

Generating aqueous soluble covellite CuS nanocrystals with well-defined NIR plasmon absorbance by reacting Cu2+ with S2− ions via a facile and scalable protocol at room temperature, in the presence of various ligands.
Anodic dissolution growth of metal–organic framework HKUST-1 monitored via in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy
Authors: Worrall Stephen D. , Bissett Mark A. , Attfield Martin P. , Dryfe Robert A. W.
Published: June 2018

Real time imaging of the electrochemical growth of metal–organic framework coatings using in situ atomic force microscopy.
Development of a trapezoidal MgO catalyst for highly-efficient transesterification of glycerol and dimethyl carbonate
Authors: Bai Zongquan , Zheng Yajun , Han Weiwei , Ji Yue , Yan Tianlan , Tang Ying , Chen Gang , Zhang Zhiping
Published: June 2018

Trapezoidal MgO has been developed for the transesterification of glycerol and dimethyl carbonate with a glycerol carbonate yield of more than 99%.
Insights on the interaction of calcein with calcium carbonate and its implications in biomineralization studies
Authors: Magnabosco Giulia , Polishchuk Iryna , Erez Jonathan , Fermani Simona , Pokroy Boaz , Falini Giuseppe
Published: June 2018

The effects of calcein, a fluorescent marker commonly used to assess mineral growth in calcifying organisms, on calcite and aragonite structure have been investigated.
Effect of Hartree–Fock pseudopotentials on local density functional theory calculations
Authors: Tan Hengxin , Li Yuanchang , Zhang S. B. , Duan Wenhui
Published: June 2018

Optimal choice of the element-specific pseudopotential improves the band gap.
Proton transfer in nonpolar solvents: an approach to generate electrolytes in aprotic media
Authors: Smith Gregory N.
Published: June 2018

Acidic small molecules and macromolecules can be ionized by bases despite no dissociable protons being in the solvent.
The stability, electronic structure, and optical absorption of boron-nitride diamondoids predicted with first-principles calculations
Authors: Gao Weiwei , Hung Linda , Ogut Serdar , Chelikowsky James R.
Published: June 2018

The stability, electronic structure, and optical properties of six boron-nitride diamondoids are systematically studied with state-of-the-art computational methods and compared with diamondoids.
On the possibility of an Eley–Rideal mechanism for ammonia synthesis on Mn6N5+x (x = 1)-(111) surfaces
Authors: Zeinalipour-Yazdi Constantinos D.
Published: June 2018

A complete pathway for ammonia synthesis via an Eley–Rideal mechanism has been calculated with DFT.
A magnetic resonance and electrochemical study of the role of polymer mobility in supporting hydrogen transport in perfluorosulfonic acid membranes
Authors: Yan Z. Blossom , Young Alan P. , Goward Gillian R.
Published: June 2018

Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) materials have been used in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as electrolyte materials due to their mechanical durability and high proton conductivity.
Reliable and computationally affordable prediction of the energy gap of (TiO2)n(10 ≤n≤ 563) nanoparticles from density functional theory
Authors: Morales-García Ángel , Valero Rosendo , Illas Francesc
Published: June 2018

Suitable and practical way to estimateOgapof TiO2nanoparticles containing up to thousands of atoms from computationally affordable relativistic all-electron calculations with a numerical atomic centered orbital basis set.
Misconceptions in electronic energy transfer: bridging the gap between chemistry and physics
Authors: Tanner Peter A. , Zhou Lei , Duan Changkui , Wong Ka-Leung
Published: June 2018

Many treatments of energy transfer (ET) phenomena in current literature employ incorrect arguments and formulae and are not quantitative enough.
Chemical sensing with 2D materials
Authors: Anichini Cosimo , Czepa Włodzimierz , Pakulski Dawid , Aliprandi Alessandro , Ciesielski Artur , Samorì Paolo
Published: June 2018

During the last decade, two-dimensional materials (2DMs) have attracted great attention due to their unique chemical and physical properties, which make them appealing platforms for diverse applications in sensing of gas, metal ions as well as relevant chemical entities.
Nanomaterials properties tuned by their environment: integrating supramolecular concepts into sensing devices
Authors: Samorì Paolo , Biscarini Fabio
Published: June 2018

Guest editors Paolo Samorì and Fabio Biscarini introduce the Nanomaterials properties tuned by their environment themed issue of Chemical Society Reviews.
Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of mixed-metal oxides derived from NiCoFe ternary layered double hydroxides
Authors: Pan Duo , Ge Shengsong , Zhao Junkai , Shao Qian , Guo Lin , Zhang Xincheng , Lin Jing , Xu Gaofeng , Guo Zhanhu
Published: June 2018

Ternary NiCoFe mixed-metal oxides have demonstrated higher photoelectrocatalytic activity in degrading methylene blue (MB).
Fabrication of a novel few-layer WS2/Bi2MoO6 plate-on-plate heterojunction structure with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Li Xiang , Su Mengyuan , Zhu Guifen , Zhang Kaige , Zhang Xia , Fan Jing
Published: June 2018

In this study, a novel few-layer WS2/Bi2MoO6 heterojunction with greatly enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method.
Empowering multicomponent cathode materials for sodium ion batteries by exploring three-dimensional compositional heterogeneities
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Mominur , Xu Yahong , Cheng Hao , Shi Qianli , Kou Ronghui , Mu Linqin , Liu Qi , Xia Sihao , Xiao Xianghui , Sun Cheng-Jun , Sokaras Dimosthenis , Nordlund Dennis , Zheng Jin-Cheng , Liu Yijin , Lin Feng
Published: June 2018

Three-dimensional compositional heterogeneities can yield stable sodium layered oxide cathode materials.
Large area efficient interface layer free monolithic perovskite/homo-junction-silicon tandem solar cell with over 20% efficiency
Authors: Zheng Jianghui , Lau Cho Fai Jonathan , Mehrvarz Hamid , Ma Fa-Jun , Jiang Yajie , Deng Xiaofan , Soeriyadi Anastasia , Kim Jincheol , Zhang Meng , Hu Long , Cui Xin , Lee Da Seul , Bing Jueming , Cho Yongyoon , Chen Chao , Green Martin A. , Huang Shujuan , Ho-Baillie Anita W. Y.
Published: June 2018

A simple and scalable interface-layer free monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem has been demonstrated achieving over 20% efficiency on a large area.
Cerium oxide nanoparticles transformation at the root–soil interface of barley (Hordeum vulgareL.)
Authors: Rico Cyren M. , Johnson Mark G. , Marcus Matthew A.
Published: June 2018

Barley roots take up ceria (CeO2) nanoparticles by reduction to Ce(iii), and Ce(iii) can be re-oxidized to Ce(iv).
Biofouling control by UV/H2O2 pretreatment for brackish water reverse osmosis process
Authors: Lakretz Anat , Mamane Hadas , Asa Eli , Harif Tali , Herzberg Moshe
Published: June 2018

UV applied with H2O2 is a well-known advanced oxidation process (AOP) for degradation of trace organic compounds. In this study, the UV/H2O2 process was applied as a pre-treatment step to control reverse osmosis biofouling.
A novel 3-hydroxychromone fluorescent probe for hydrogen sulfide based on an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer mechanism
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Chen Xiangzhu , Zhang Yuanyuan , Gao Gui , Zhang Xueyan , Hou Shicong , Hou Yuxia
Published: June 2018

A novel fluorescent probe based on an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer mechanism can detect H2S with high sensitivity and high selectivity.
Biodegradability of several antipsychotic drugs: manual and automatic assessment
Authors: Pereira Sarah A. P. , Costa Susana P. F. , Cunha Edite , Passos Marieta L. C. , Araújo André R. S. T. , Saraiva M. Lúcia M. F. S.
Published: June 2018

For the first time, the biodegradability values were determined for several antipsychotic drugs.
Cytotoxicity studies of selected cadmium-based quantum dots on 2D vs. 3D cell cultures
Authors: Grabowska-Jadach Ilona , Zuchowska Agnieszka , Olesik Marta , Drozd Marcin , Pietrzak Mariusz , Malinowska Elzbieta , Brzozka Zbigniew
Published: June 2018

In our work, the cytotoxicity of selected, cadmium-based quantum dots with various surface architectures was studied on 3D spheroids.
Nitrogen enriched polytriazine as a metal-free heterogeneous catalyst for the Knoevenagel reaction under mild conditions
Authors: Chaudhary Monika , Mohanty Paritosh
Published: June 2018

A nitrogen-enriched nanoporous polytriazine was used as a metal-free heterogeneous organocatalyst for high-yielding ultra-fast Knoevenagel reactions under ambient conditions.
Graphene oxide based fluorescence sensor for cucurbit[7]uril
Authors: Prakash Ramesh , Usha Govindaraj , Sivaranjana Paramasivan , Karpagalakshmi Karuppasamy , Piramuthu Lakshminarayanan , Selvapalam Narayanan
Published: June 2018

Rhodamine B (RhB) anchored reduced graphene oxide (RhBGO) offers a very sensitive and selective sensing potential for cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]).
Realization of an all-optically controlled dynamic superlattice for exciton–polaritons
Authors: Zhang Yingjun , Zhang Xinhan , Tang Bing , Tian Chuan , Xu Chunyan , Dong Hongxing , Zhou Weihang
Published: June 2018

An optically-controlled and fully reconfigurable dynamic superlattice was realized on a one-dimensional ZnO microrod for exciton–polaritons.
PdO/PdO2 functionalized ZnO : Pd films for lower operating temperature H2 gas sensing
Authors: Lupan Oleg , Postica Vasile , Hoppe Mathias , Wolff Niklas , Polonskyi Oleksandr , Pauporté Thierry , Viana Bruno , Majérus Odile , Kienle Lorenz , Faupel Franz , Adelung Rainer
Published: June 2018

The improved hydrogen gas sensing performances of PdO-functionalized ZnO : Pd films compared to pristine ZnO : Pd are successfully reported in this work. The functionalized samples showed excellent sensing properties.
An efficient t-BuOK promoted C3-chalcogenylation of indoles with dichalcogenides
Authors: Yu Yuanzu , Zhou Yan , Song Zengqiang , Liang Guang
Published: June 2018

A practical route to prepare 3-sulfenyl- and 3-selenyl-indoles has been achieved using t-BuOK as a promoter at room temperature.
The discovery of a freezing-induced peptide ligation during the total chemical synthesis of human interferon-ε
Authors: Yang Yin-He , Di Bin , Yang Da-Song
Published: June 2018

The first example of a counterintuitive freezing-induced peptide ligation was discovered during the total synthesis of human interferon-ε (187 amino acids) which blocks HIV infection through unique mechanisms.
Origin of stereoselectivity in the amination of alcohols using cooperative asymmetric dual catalysis involving chiral counter-ions
Authors: Tribedi Soumi , Hadad Christopher M. , Sunoj Raghavan B.
Published: June 2018

Transition state models are proposed for chiral counterion induced stereoselectivity in cooperative dual catalysis access to the amination of alcohols.
Mechanistic investigations into the cyclization and crystallization of benzobisoxazole-linked two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Pyles David A. , Coldren William H. , Eder Grace M. , Hadad Christopher M. , McGrier Psaras L.
Published: June 2018

A mechanistic investigation detailing the role of nucleophilic catalysts during the formation of benzobisoxazole (BBO)-linked COFs.
The contact mechanics challenge: tribology meets soft matter
Authors: Style Robert W. , Krick Brandon A. , Jensen Katharine E. , Sawyer W. Gregory
Published: June 2018

In the fall of 2015, Martin Müser suggested a Contact Mechanics Challenge for the Tribology community. We review the results of the Contact Mechanics Challenge, and discuss how it highlights exciting opportunities for the Soft Matter community in Tribology, Surface Science, and Contact Mechanics.
Impact of“half-crown/two carbonyl”–Ca2+metal ion interactions of a low molecular weight gelator (LMWG) on its fiber to nanosphere morphology transformation with a gel-to-sol phase transition
Authors: Maity Arunava , Dey Ananta , Si Mrinal Kanti , Ganguly Bishwajit , Das Amitava
Published: June 2018

We report here a smart functional low molecular weight gelator (LMWG)L, containing an unusual metal ion coordination site,i.e. “half-crown/two carbonyl”.
Diffusiophoretically induced interactions between chemically active and inert particles
Authors: Reigh Shang Yik , Chuphal Prabha , Thakur Snigdha , Kapral Raymond
Published: June 2018

In the presence of a chemically active particle, a nearby chemically inert particle can respond to a concentration gradient and move by diffusiophoresis.
Spin-coating-assisted fabrication of ultrathin physical hydrogel films with high toughness and fast response
Authors: Zheng Si Yu , Tian Ye , Zhang Xin Ning , Du Miao , Song Yihu , Wu Zi Liang , Zheng Qiang
Published: June 2018

Tough physical hydrogel films were facilely prepared by spin-coating of a poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) or poly(acrylic acid-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) solution and subsequent gelation in FeCl3 solution to form carboxyl–Fe3+ coordination complexes.
Self-assembling oxidized silk fibroin nanofibrils with controllable fractal dimensions
Authors: Zheng Ke , Yu Juan , Zhang Wenwen , Li Xun , Fan Yimin , Kaplan David L.
Published: June 2018

The dynamic and fractal structural of silk nanofibril assembly was regulated by their surface charge distribution (carboxyl groups) and concentration.