bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinearities in macroeconomic tail risk through the lens of big data quantile regressions
Authors: Prüser Jan , Huber Florian
Published: December 2023

Modeling and predicting extreme movements in GDP is notoriously difficult, and the selection of appropriate covariates and/or possible forms of nonlinearities are key in obtaining precise forecasts. In this paper, our focus is on using large datasets in quantile regression models to forecast the conditional distribution of US GDP growth. To capture possible nonlinearities, we include several nonlinear specifications. The resulting models will be huge dimensional, and we thus rely on a set of shrinkage priors. Since Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation becomes slow in these dimensions, we rely on fast variational Bayes approximations to the posterior distribution of the coefficients and the latent states. We find that our proposed set of models produces precise forecasts. These gains are especially pronounced in the tails. Using Gaussian processes to approximate the nonlinear component of the model further improves the good performance, in particular in the right tail.
Front Cover
Authors: Mari Meropi , Voutyraki Chrysanthi , Zacharioudaki Eva , Delidakis Christos , Filippidis George
Published: December 2023

The quantification of the lipid content of Drosophila haemocytes, upon encountering normal or tumorigenic neural cells was successfully accomplished by non‐linear microscopy techniques. Specifically, Third Harmonic Generation (THG) allowed for the discrimination between activated/non‐activated haemocytes in correlation with their shape and state; round/ elongated/exhausted haemocytes (merged images). This approach holds a significant potential as a valuable tool to assess the phagocytic capacity or activation state of tumourassociated haemocytes.

For further details please visit the article by Meropi Mari, Chrysanthi Voutyraki, Eva Zacharioudaki, Christos Delidakis, George Filippidis (e202300171)

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Complete response of mantle cell lymphoma with central nervous system involvement at diagnosis with acalabrutinib – Case report
Authors: Barrett Aisling , Eyre Toby A. , Bhuva Shaheel , Aljurf Mahmoud , Fakih Riad El , Ashshi Mohammad A. , Alshaibani Alfadel
Published: December 2023

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement by mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is rare and portends a poor prognosis. We describe the first patient to have a complete response with front‐line treatment with single‐agent acalabrutinib for MCL CNS.
Heavy metal contamination impacts the structure and co‐occurrence patterns of bacterial communities in agricultural soils
Authors: Liu Jiangyun , Pei Shuwei , Zheng Qiwen , Li Jia , Liu Xingrong , Ruan Ye , Luo Bin , Ma Li , Chen Rentong , Hu Weigang , Niu Jingping , Tian Tian
Published: December 2023

Heavy metal (HM) contamination caused by mining and smelting activities can be harmful to soil microbiota, which are highly sensitive to HM stress. Here, we explore the effects of HM contamination on the taxonomic composition, predicted function, and co‐occurrence patterns of soil bacterial communities in two agricultural fields with contrasting levels of soil HMs (i.e., contaminated and uncontaminated natural areas). Our results indicate that HM contamination does not significantly influence soil bacterial α diversity but changes the bacterial community composition by enriching the phyla Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, and Parcubacteria and reducing the relative abundance of Actinobacteria. Our results further demonstrate that HM contamination can strengthen the complexity and modularity of the bacterial co‐occurrence network but weaken positive interactions between keystone taxa, leading to the gradual disappearance of some taxa that originally played an important role in healthy soil, thereby possibly reducing the resistance of bacterial communities to HM toxicity. The predicted functions of bacterial communities are related to membrane transport, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. Among these, functions related to HM detoxification and antioxidation are enriched in uncontaminated soils, while HM contamination enriches functions related to metal resistance. This study demonstrated that microorganisms adapt to the stress of HM pollution by adjusting their composition and enhancing their network complexity and potential ecological functions.
Terminology for discussing chronic pain: Using metaphors to educate families on chronic pediatric pain
Authors: Borucki Amber N. , Benki Cristina M. , Peterson Elisha E.
Published: December 2023

To educate families about chronic pain requires a holistic discussion on the nature of pain, multidisciplinary treatment, and empowering families with tools to support their child's recovery.

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A prospective, controlled multisite trial of yoga in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Leiby Alycia , Albenberg Lindsey , Langseder Annette , Kennedy Mary , Pressman Naomi , Chiu Stephanie , Rosh Joel R.
Published: December 2023

Aim

To investigate whether a structured yoga program improves health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and self‐efficacy in pediatric patients receiving care for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

IBD patients who were 10–17 years old participated in a 12 week, in‐person yoga intervention at two clinical sites. Outcomes were measured at time of consent (T0), start of yoga (T1), and completion of yoga (T2) and 3 months after yoga completion (T3) using the IMPACT‐III, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), and General Self Efficacy (GSE) scales.

Results

Seventy‐eight patients were enrolled. Fifty‐six patients completed nine or more classes. 73.2% had Crohn's disease and 26.8% ulcerative colitis or IBD‐unclassified. A significant increase in IMPACT‐III was seen from T1 to T3 (mean change of 5.22, SD = 14.33, p = 0.010), in the PedsQL (mean change = 2.3, SD = 10.24, p = 0.050), and GSE (mean change = 1, SD = 3.60, p = 0.046). 85.2% of patients reported yoga helped them to control stress. Long‐term data was available for 47 subjects with 31.9% (n = 15) continuing to practice yoga one to 3 years after study completion.

Conclusion

This structured 12‐week yoga program showed significant improvements in HRQOL and general self‐efficacy, particularly 3 months after classes were concluded suggesting that yoga's benefits may persist. Yoga is a safe and effective adjunct to standard medical care to improve QOL and self‐efficacy in youth with IBD.
Bone health screening practices with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and prediction of abnormal results in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Morrow Ryan , de Zoeten Edwin F. , Ma Nina , Chun Camille , Scott Frank I.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Pediatric patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at risk of suboptimal peak bone mass attainment. This study aimed to understand rates of bone health screening adherence, describe factors associated with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) acquisition, and identify factors associated with abnormal DXA.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of pediatric IBD patients over a 10‐year time frame. We included IBD patients (2–20 years of age) enrolled in ImproveCareNow and excluded patients with primary metabolic bone disease. Time‐to‐event methods and multivariable logistic regression were employed to identify factors associated with DXA acquisition and abnormal DXA.

Results

In 676 patients, 464 (68.63%) pediatric patients with IBD had a risk factor for low bone mineral density (BMD); 137 (29.53%) underwent an initial DXA scan. Quiescent disease was significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of DXA (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24–0.97), while weight z‐score <−2 was significantly associated with DXA performance (HR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.08–3.98). Abnormal DXA results (BMD z‐score ≤−1) occurred in 59 (35.54%) individuals. After adjusting for visit diagnosis, delayed puberty, severe disease course, 6 months or greater of steroid exposure, and history of fracture, BMI z‐score <−1 (odds ratio: 5.45; 95% CI: 2.41–12.33) was associated with abnormal DXA.

Conclusions

DXA screening occurred in less than one‐third of eligible pediatric IBD patients. Compliance was more common in patients with a weight z‐score <−2 and less common in those with quiescent disease. BMI strongly predicted abnormal DXA results when adjusting for risk factors for abnormal BMD.
Detecting tea tree pests in complex backgrounds using a hybrid architecture guided by transformers and multi‐scale attention mechanism
Authors: Hu Xianming , Li Xinliang , Huang Ziyan , Chen Qibin , Lin Shouying
Published: December 2023

Background

Tea pests pose a significant threat to tea leaf yield and quality, necessitating fast and accurate detection methods to improve pest control efficiency and reduce economic losses for tea farmers. However, in real tea gardens, some tea pests are small in size and easily camouflaged by complex backgrounds, making it challenging for farmers to promptly and accurately identify them.

Results

To address this issue, we propose a real‐time detection method based on TP‐YOLOX for monitoring tea pests in complex backgrounds. Our approach incorporates the CSBLayer module, which combines convolution and multi‐head self‐attention mechanisms, to capture global contextual information from images and expand the network's perception field. Additionally, we integrate an efficient multi‐scale attention module to enhance the model's ability to perceive fine details in small targets. To expedite model convergence and improve the precision of target localization, we employ the SIOU loss function as the bounding box regression function. Experimental results demonstrate that TP‐YOLOX achieves a significant performance improvement with a relatively small additional computational cost (0.98 floating‐point operations), resulting in a 4.50% increase in mean average precision (mAP) compared to the original YOLOX‐s. When compared with existing object detection algorithms, TP‐YOLOX outperforms them in terms of mAP performance. Moreover, the proposed method achieves a frame rate of 82.66 frames per second, meeting real‐time requirements.

Conclusion

TP‐YOLOX emerges as a proficient solution, capable of accurately and swiftly identifying tea pests amidst the complex backgrounds of tea gardens. This contribution not only offers valuable insights for tea pest monitoring but also serves as a reference for achieving precise pest control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Finite element modeling to predict the influence of anatomic variation and implant placement on performance of biological intervertebral disc implants
Authors: Koga Maho , Kim Byumsu , Lintz Marianne , Kirnaz Sertaç , Goldberg Jacob L. , Hussain Ibrahim , Medary Branden , Meyers Kathleen N. , Maher Suzanne A. , Härtl Roger , Bonassar Lawrence J.
Published: December 2023

Background

Tissue‐engineered intervertebral disc (TE‐IVD) constructs are an attractive therapy for treating degenerative disc disease and have previously been investigated in vivo in both large and small animal models. The mechanical environment of the spine is notably challenging, in part due to its complex anatomy, and implants may require additional mechanical support to avoid failure in the early stages of implantation. As such, the design of suitable support implants requires rigorous validation.

Methods

We created a FE model to simulate the behavior of the IVD cages under compression specific to the anatomy of the porcine cervical spine, validated the FE model using an animal model, and predicted the effects of implant location and vertebral angle of the motion segment on implant behavior. Specifically, we tested anatomical positioning of the superior vertebra and placement of the implant. We analyzed corresponding stress and strain distributions.

Results

Results demonstrated that the anatomical geometry of the porcine cervical spine led to concentrated stress and strain on the posterior side of the cage. This stress concentration was associated with the location of failure of the cages reported in vivo, despite superior mechanical properties of the implant. Furthermore, placement of the cage was found to have profound effects on migration, while the angle of the superior vertebra affected stress concentration of the cage.

Conclusions

This model can be utilized both to inform surgical procedures and provide insight on future cage designs and can be adopted to models without the use of in vivo animal models.
Hairy tongue associated with the use of baricitinib therapy for ophiasis pattern alopecia areata
Authors: Gaspari Anthony A.
Published: December 2023

We report a case of hairy tongue that developed in a young Caucasian woman during systemic baricitinib therapy for severe alopecia areata. Because she experienced good clinical regrowth of her hair during treatment, she did not want to interrupt therapy. We recommended she use a toothbrush to debride her tongue on a daily basis, which was successful. Hairy tongue most commonly occurs in elderly, debilitated males with poor oral hygiene. It is thought to occur because of overgrowth of chromogenic bacteria and/or yeast on the tongue. This unusual side effect during baricitinib therapy suggests that immune suppression may play a role. Clinicians should be aware of hairy tongue development during baracitinib therapy.
Extended quasicontinuum methodology for highly heterogeneous discrete systems
Authors: Werner Benjamin , Zeman Jan , Rokoš Ondřej
Published: December 2023

Lattice networks are indispensable to study heterogeneous materials such as concrete or rock as well as textiles and woven fabrics. Due to the discrete character of lattices, they quickly become computationally intensive. The QuasiContinuum (QC) Method resolves this challenge by interpolating the displacement of the underlying lattice with a coarser finite element mesh and sampling strategies to accelerate the assembly of the resulting system of governing equations. In lattices with complex heterogeneous microstructures with a high number of randomly shaped inclusions the QC leads to an almost fully‐resolved system due to the many interfaces. In the present study the QC Method is expanded with enrichment strategies from the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) to resolve material interfaces using nonconforming meshes. The goal of this contribution is to bridge this gap and improve the computational efficiency of the method. To this end, four different enrichment strategies are compared in terms of their accuracy and convergence behavior. These include the Heaviside, absolute value, modified absolute value and the corrected XFEM enrichment. It is shown that the Heaviside enrichment is the most accurate and straightforward to implement. A first‐order interaction based summation rule is applied and adapted for the extended QC for elements intersected by a material interface to complement the Heaviside enrichment. The developed methodology is demonstrated by three numerical examples in comparison with the standard QC and the full solution. The extended QC is also able to predict the results with 5% error compared to the full solution, while employing almost one order of magnitude fewer degrees of freedom than the standard QC and even more compared to the fully‐resolved system.
Maternal stressors and maternal bonding among immigrant and Refugee Arab Americans resettled in the United States
Authors: Khalil Dalia , George Zinah , Dannawey Eman , Hijawi Jenna , ElFishawy Shirley , Jenuwine Elizabeth
Published: December 2023

Maternal bonding with the infant and child is essential for the growth and development of the child, and for establishing the relationship between them. The effect of maternal acculturative stress, trauma, and depressive symptoms on maternal bonding has been established in nonimmigrant populations, but not in immigrant and refugee populations. In this study, we aimed to (1) examine the relationships among maternal psychosocial stress (acculturative stress, posttraumatic stress), depressive symptoms, and maternal bonding, and (2) examine whether maternal depression is a mediator of the relationship between maternal psychosocial stress and maternal bonding among a sample of Arab American immigrant and refugee mothers. Using a cross‐sectional design, we recruited 78 immigrant and refugee Arab American mothers. Acculturative stress was correlated with posttraumatic stress (ρ = 0.56, p < 0.001), depressive symptoms (ρ = 0.48, p < 0.001), and bonding impairment (ρ = 0.39, p < 0.001). Posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms were also correlated with maternal bonding impairment (ρ = 0.39, and 0.52, respectively, p < 0.001 for both). The effect of maternal psychosocial stress on maternal bonding was mediated by depressive symptoms. We concluded that higher levels of acculturative stress and posttraumatic stress were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and impairment of maternal bonding. Additionally, maternal depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between maternal stress and bonding. Assessing the stressors and depressive symptoms of immigrant and refugee mothers is key to avoiding negative effects on child outcomes.
The impact of a novel musculoskeletal consult service in an inpatient rehabilitation facility: A descriptive analysis
Authors: Lu Michael , Wieber Megan , Rho Monica , Jayabalan Prakash
Published: December 2023

Background

Musculoskeletal (MSK) pathologies significantly affect the rehabilitation course for patients admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF). The impact of a specialized inpatient MSK consult service has not been previously evaluated.

Objective

To assess the demographics, pathologies, and impact on pain scores of patients who were evaluated by a specialized MSK consult service.

Design

Retrospective descriptive analysis of patients at an IRF who were evaluated by the MSK consult service.

Setting

Academic IRF.

Participants

230 patients evaluated by the MSK consult service over 4.5 years.

Interventions

MSK consult service composed of sports medicine fellowship‐trained physiatrists who use history, physical examination, point‐of‐care ultrasound, and specialized MSK knowledge to assess and address MSK barriers to functional improvement.

Main Outcome Measures

Primary rehabilitation diagnosis, length of stay, discharge destination, reason for consult, MSK diagnosis, need for injection, change in Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) pain scores, change in Functional Independence Measures (FIM).

Results

A total of 230 consults met inclusion criteria for analysis. The most common symptoms were shoulder pain (47%), knee pain (30%), and hip/groin pain (10.4%). The MSK consult service made 82 different musculoskeletal and neuromuscular diagnoses. The most common primary rehabilitation diagnosis was stroke (28.3%). Injections were performed in 44.3% of consults, with an average reduction in NPRS pain score of 2.3 (SD 1.9) and a statistically significant reduction in average NPRS pain scores in patients who underwent injections compared to those who did not (p < .001).

Conclusions

This study is the first to examine the use of an innovative inpatient MSK physiatry consult service in an IRF. This promising consult service can play a pivotal role in patient care by reducing functionally limiting MSK pain to allow for better toleration of therapies and to optimize functional gains.
An intrinsic flame‐retardant and heat‐resistant vinyl ester resin by crosslinking with diisocyanate, styrene and phosphorus‐containing hydroxyl compound
Authors: Zhang Yuguo , Wang Jun , Chen Xi , Yang Shuang , Wang Jingsheng , Chen Kaiwen , Gan Xianghui , Zhu Lu , Xu Lin , Huo Siqi
Published: December 2023

In this work, 2‐(6‐oxido‐6H‐dibenz<1,2>oxaphosphorin‐6‐yl)‐methanol (ODOPM) was synthesized, and covalently introduced into vinyl ester resin (VER) by combining with 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). The influences of ODOPM and MDI on the thermal properties, flame retardancy, and flame‐retardant mode‐of‐action of the resin were investigated. When the phosphorus addition reaches 1.3 wt%, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of VER/ODOPM‐1.3 boosts to 30.3% and vertical burning (UL‐94) rating increases to V‐0. Compared with the virgin VER, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of VER/ODOPM‐1.3 are significantly reduced by 64.2% and 35.1%, respectively. The introduction of ODOPM and MDI significantly enhances the flame retardancy of VER. ODOPM and MDI are chemically linked to the polymer network of VER, which increases the glass transition temperature (Tg) and rigidity. This work offers a facile method for improving both thermal and flame‐retardant properties of vinyl ester resin.
Dimerization of the CNNM extracellular domain
Authors: Shahsavan Ashkan , Lee Emma L. , Illes Katalin , Kozlov Guennadi , Gehring Kalle
Published: December 2023

Cystathionine‐‐synthase (CBS)‐pair domain divalent metal cation transport mediators (CNNMs) are an evolutionarily conserved family of magnesium transporters. They mediate magnesium homeostasis directly by transport of Mg2+ ions and indirectly by regulation of the transient receptor potential ion channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7). Here, we report the crystal structure of the extracellular domain of tapeworm CNNM4. The domain forms a dimer of immunoglobulin‐like (Ig‐like) folds with electron density observed for three glycosylation sites. Analytical ultracentrifugation confirms that mutations in the extracellular domain of human CNNM4 prevent its dimerization. An analogous mutation in mouse CNNM2 impairs its activity in a cellular assay of Mg2+ transport.
A descriptive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of ceftazidime‐avibactam in a case series of critically ill patients with augmented renal clearance
Authors: Xu Ying , Tang Jian , Yuan Binbin , Luo Xuemei , Liang Pei , Liu Ning , Dong Danjiang , Jin Lu , Ge Weihong , Gu Qin
Published: December 2023

To describe the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of a 2 h infusion of ceftazidime‐avibactam (CAZ‐AVI) in critically ill patients with augmented renal clearance (ARC). A retrospective review of all critically ill patients with ARC who were treated with CAZ‐AVI between August 2020 and May 2023 was conducted. Patients whose 12‐h creatinine clearance prior to CAZ‐AVI treatment and steady‐state concentration (Css) of CAZ‐AVI were both monitored were enrolled. The free fraction (fCss) of CAZ‐AVI was calculated from Css. The joint PK/PD targets of CAZ‐AVI were considered optimal when a Css/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio for CAZ ≥4 (equivalent to 100% fT > 4 MIC) and a Css/CT ratio of AVI >1 (equivalent to 100% fT > CT 4.0 mg/L) were reached simultaneously, quasioptimal when only one of the two targets was reached, and suboptimal when neither target was reached. The relationship between PK/PD goal achievement, microbial eradication and the clinical efficacy of CAZ‐AVI was evaluated. Four patients were included. Only one patient achieved optimal joint PK/PD targets, while the other three reached suboptimal targets. The patient with optimal PK/PD targets achieved microbiological eradication, while the other three patients did not, but all four patients achieved good clinical efficacy. Standard dosages may not enable most critically ill patients with ARC to reach the optimal joint PK/PD targets of CAZ‐AVI. Optimal drug dose adjustment of CAZ‐AVI in ARC patients requires dynamic drug concentration monitoring.
Microstructure of High‐Chromium Ferritic–Martensitic Steels for Next‐Generation Reactors
Authors: Košovský Dávid , Dekan Július , Sedlačková Katarína , Miglierini Marcel
Published: December 2023

High‐chromium steels are key alloys used for the construction of technological devices in industry. Stainless steels are suitable for components that are exposed to a corrosive environment for a long time because chromium has anticorrosion properties due to segregation of chromium and the formation of a passivation layer. The physicochemical properties of the surface and the bulk of the material as well are determined by microstructure. Herein, steel NS219 is focused on, where the chromium concentration is around 13.5 wt%. In order to study the microstructure of steel, Mössbauer spectroscopy is used. Experimental results are evaluated using the binomial distribution model of the probability distribution of atoms in the nearest neighbor of the resonant atom 57Fe. Obtained spectral parameters, viz., the average magnetic hyperfine field, the average isomer shift, and the probability of the atomic configuration with no impurity atoms in the two‐shell vicinity of the iron atoms, reach saturation values from which the solubility limit of chromium in iron can be determined. On the other hand, the solubility limit of iron in Cr‐rich phase can be estimated from the value of the isomer shift of the single‐line in the spectrum annealed for the longest time.
Command filter‐based adaptive event‐triggered control for switched nonlinear systems with full state constraints
Authors: Zhang Tianping , Feng Caijun
Published: December 2023

An adaptive event‐triggered control issue based on command filter and dynamic surface control is studied for switched nonlinear systems with full state time‐varying constraints in this article. To handle state constraints, the nonlinear mapping conversion technique is used. Radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are utilized to approximate unknown nonlinear continuous functions. Adaptive control algorithm is designed based on command filtered backstepping technology. Novel even triggered control is constructed for two different cases in the switching interval. Furthermore, all signals in the switched system are proved to be semi‐globally uniformly ultimate bounded (SGUUB) by the aid of dynamic surface control method under arbitrary switching. Meanwhile, all states do not violate the preset constraints and Zeno phenomenon is avoided. The validity of the presented approach is confirmed through a numerical simulation result.
Understanding K‐3 Teachers' Literacy Instructional Practices During thePandemic‐Impacted2020–2021 School Year
Authors: Wright Tanya S. , Bruner Lori , Cummings Amy , Strunk Katharine O.
Published: December 2023

This instrumental case study is focused on understanding more about literacy instruction in K‐3 classrooms during the pandemic‐impacted 2020–2021 school year. The study aims to examine (a) how teachers described their literacy instruction before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic; (b) the types of literacy instructional practices teachers implemented across in‐person, virtual, and hybrid modalities; and (c) how teachers' implementation of these practices aligns with research on early grades literacy instruction. Data included classroom video of 25 teachers' literacy instruction, 162 classroom artifacts (e.g., student work samples), and statewide survey responses from 7110 teachers in spring 2020 and 5811 teachers in spring 2021. Teachers reported spending an average of 1 h less per week on literacy instruction in 2020–2021 as compared to a typical pre‐pandemic school year. Despite these reported declines in instructional time, teachers in all modalities were observed implementing literacy instructional practices at comparable rates as they reported prior to the pandemic. However, teachers' implementations of these practices varied widely, with some teachers providing research‐aligned literacy instruction while others did not. This range in quality was evident across modalities, including within the group of teachers providing in‐person instruction. Results from this study challenge existing theories about instructional time and modality that have been posed to explain the pandemic's negative impacts on elementary students' literacy outcomes.
Bioconjugation and Reaction‐Induced Tumor Therapy via Alkynamide‐Based Thiol‐Yne Click Reaction
Authors: Wang Bingnan , Li Chunyang , He Dong , Ding Keke , Tian Qi , Feng Guangxue , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2023

Ferroptosis is associated with the occurrence and development of many diseases, which is the result of an imbalance in cellular metabolism and oxidation−reduction balance. Therefore, it is an effective therapeutic strategy that simultaneously regulating the intracellular oxidation−reduction system. Herein, a click reaction of alkynylamide with thiol groups in the presence of amine or in PBS (pH = 7.4) is developed, which can react efficiently with thiol substances, such as cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Notably, MBTB‐PA, an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer with an alkynylamide unit, is synthesized and its intracellular behavior is visualized in situ by fluorescence imaging, demonstrating its excellent ability to target the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, MBTB‐PA reacted with proteins in tumor cells, consumed reducing substances, and triggered intracellular oxidative stress, resulting in cell death. Based on this reaction therapy strategy, click reaction is combined with photodynamic therapy to achieve effective killing of tumor cells by simultaneously raising the intracellular oxidative state and reducing the reductive state. This work not only develops an application of click reaction of alkynamide with thiol in bioconjugation and anti‐tumor therapy, but also provides feasible ideas for organic reactions in the exploration of organisms.
In situ Construction of Multistage Core‐Shell Nanostructure as Bifunctional Catalyst for Ultrastable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Lu Tiantian , Sun Quanhu , He Jianjiang , Li Ru , Huang Changshui
Published: December 2023

Many efforts have been devoted to obtaining excellent cathode catalysts for Zinc air batteries (ZABs), but the inevitable use of binder will damage the catalytic activity and weaken long‐term stability, inefficient mass transfer of oxygen is also chargable for the limited activity. Herein, in situ grown hydrogen substituted graphdiyne (HGDY) on carbon paper has been prepared and used as cathode catalyst layer in ZABs. Multiple catalytic sites are firmly combined and end with the boosted bifunctional catalytic activity of oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution. Moreover, the specific surface area, sufficient active sites, multilevel pore nanostructure and robust conductivity are fully exposed to establish efficient catalytic interface and skeleton. Cu/Co nanoparticles are uniformly distributed and warped by HGDY network, which can stably exist during the catalytic process. As a result, a current density of 18.75 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 61.06 mV dec−1 for oxygen reduction and a ultralong operation for more than 2300 h in aqueous ZAB have been achieved, which is beyond many reported bifunctional catalysts in ZAB system.
Skin‐Integrated Electrodes Based on Room‐Temperature Curable, Highly Conductive Silver/Polydimethylsiloxane Composites
Authors: Zhao Jun , Feng Jiuqing , Jiang Yizhou , Wang Zekai , Zhang Jialong , Mei Shuxing , Yang Guoqing , Gu Zongquan , Tan Cehui , Qin Yajie , Li Zhuo
Published: December 2023

The quality of electrophysiological (EP) signals heavily relies on the electrode's contact with the skin. However, motion or exposure to water can easily destabilize this connection. In contrast to traditional methods of attaching electrodes to the skin surface, this study introduces a skin‐integration strategy inspired by the skin's intergrown structure. A highly conductive and room‐temperature curable composite composed of silver microflakes and polydimethylsiloxane (Ag/PDMS) is applied to the skin. Before curing, the PDMS oil partially diffuse into the stratum corneum (SC) layer of the skin. Upon curing, the composite solidifies into an electrode that seamlessly integrated with the skin, resembling a natural extension. This skin‐integration strategy offers several advantages. It minimizes motion artifacts resulting from relative electrode‐skin displacement, significantly reduces interface impedance (67% of commercial Ag/AgCl gel electrodes at 100 Hz) and withstands water flushes due to its hydrophobic nature. These advantages pave the way for promising advancements in EP signal recording, particularly during motion and underwater conditions.
Ferroelectricity and Thermochromism in a 2D Dion‐Jacobson Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite
Authors: Qiao Wen‐Cheng , Qiao Hongwei , Wang Xue Lu , Xu Haojie , Xu Fanchen , Sun Zhihua , Gao Hongchang , Yao Ye‐Feng
Published: December 2023

2D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have become one of the hottest research topics due to their excellent environmental stability and unique optoelectronic properties. Recently, the ferroelectricity and thermochromism of 2D OIHPs have attracted increasing interests. Integrating ferroelectricity and thermochromism into perovskites can significantly promote the development of multichannel intelligent devices. Here, a novel 2D Dion‐Jacobson OIHP of the formula (3AMP)PbI4 (where 3AMP is 3‐(aminomethyl)pyridinium) is reported, which has a remarkable spontaneous polarization value (Ps) of 15.6 µC cm−2 and interesting thermochromism. As far it is known, such a large Ps value is the highest for 2D OIHPs recorded so far. These findings will inspire further exploration and application of multifunctional perovskites.
Just‐in‐time identification for cross‐project correlated issues
Authors: Ren Hao , Li Yanhui , Chen Lin , Cao Yulu , Zhang Xiaowei , Nie Changhai
Published: December 2023

Issue tracking systems are now prevalent in software development, which would help developers submit and discuss issues to solve development problems on software projects. Most previous studies have been conducted to analyze issue relations within projects, such as recommending similar or duplicate bug issues. However, along with the popularization of co‐developing through multiple projects, many issues are cross‐project correlated (CPC), that is, one issue is associated with another issue in a different project. When developers meet with CPC issues, it may primarily increase the difficulties of solving them because they need information from not only their projects but also other related projects that developers are not familiar with. Identifying a CPC issue as early as possible is a fundamental challenge for both managers and developers to allocate the resources for software maintenance and estimate the effort to solve it. This paper proposes 11 issue metrics of two groups to describe textual summary and reporters' activity, which can be extracted just after the issue was reported. We employ these 11 issue metrics to construct just‐in‐time (JIT) prediction models to identify CPC issues. To evaluate the effect of CPC issue prediction models, we conduct experiments on 16 open‐source data science and deep learning projects and compare our prediction model with two baseline models based on textual features (i.e., Term Frequency‐Inverse Document Frequency [TF‐IDF] and Word Embedding), which are commonly adopted by previous studies on issue prediction. The results show that the JIT prediction model based on issue metrics has significantly improved the performance of CPC issue prediction under two evaluation indicators, Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) and F1. In addition, we find that the prediction model is more suitable for large‐scale complex core projects in the open‐source ecosystem.
Blended Salt Electrolyte Design for Enhanced NMC811||Graphite Cell Performance
Authors: Yan Peng , Shevchuk Mykhailo , Wölke Christian , Pfeiffer Felix , Berghus Debbie , Baghernejad Masoud , Röschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Winter Martin , Cekic‐Laskovic Isidora
Published: December 2023

The high energy density, nickel‐rich layered cathode material LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) is recognized as a promising candidate for next‐generation battery chemistries. However, due to their structural and interfacial instability, nickel‐rich NMC cathodes still face a number of challenges in practical application. For this reason, the design and development of novel electrolyte formulations, able to stabilize the nickel‐rich cathode|electrolyte interface, are highly demanded. In this work, a novel electrolyte is developed using lithium (difluoromethanesulfonyl) (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiDFTFSI) and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) as salt blend in an organic carbonate‐solvent based solvent mixture. The presence of LiDFTFSI notably enhances the electrochemical performance of the resulting NMC811||graphite cells. Further advancement of the considered cell chemistry is achieved by introducing the well‐known functional electrolyte additive vinylene carbonate (VC), which was found to feature a synergistic effect with LiDFTFSI. The formation of a homogenous, effective, and robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) as well as cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the corresponding electrodes resulted in superior electrochemical performance.
Avulsion of the lateral origin of the gastrocnemius muscle mimicking cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in a dog
Authors: Zadeh Abedin Shaban , Boston Sarah Elizabeth
Published: December 2023

Avulsion of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius is an uncommon diagnosis. Nonetheless, it is a possible cause of lameness in dogs, and it could be misdiagnosed as a cranial cruciate ligament injury if a systematic approach to clinical case management is not followed. The treatment of choice for avulsion of the gastrocnemius is surgical stabilisation. The proximity to the peroneal nerve and scarcity of bone for purchase for stabilisation are surgical challenges. However, the stabilisation by a spiked washer and screw can yield an excellent outcome for return to function.
Multi‐drug resistant Salmonella ser. Dublin cultured from cryopreserved Holstein semen
Authors: Holschbach Chelsea L. , Breuer Ryan M. , Pohly Andrea E. , Crawford Chelsea , Aulik Nicole A.
Published: December 2023

A 17‐month‐old Holstein bull presented from a stud in the Midwest United States to the University of Wisconsin‐Madison Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for euthanasia and necropsy following isolation of a multi‐drug resistant strain of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Dublin from cryopreserved semen cultured as part of the stud's protocol for random sampling for bacterial culture. Additionally, the bull had five consecutive monthly positive Salmonella ser. Dublin enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay tests with percent positivity ranging from 135 to 157. Antemortem diagnostics included physical examination, complete blood count, biochemistry and blood culture. A postmortem examination was performed with culture, PCR and histopathology of numerous tissues and fluids. Salmonella ser. Dublin was cultured from urine, bile, faeces, prostate, seminal vesicles, preputial mucosa, colon and small intestine. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of Salmonella ser. Dublin being isolated from the male reproductive tract and cryopreserved bovine semen in the United States.
Efficient treatment of tannery wastewater through aeration, coagulation, and algal pond
Authors: Afzaal Muhammad , Iqbal Syeda Saira , Abbasi Naeem Akhtar , Manan Hafiz Abdul , Rasheed Rizwan , Farhan Muhammad , Nawaz Rab , Ali Khan Aamir Amanat , Zaman Qamar uz , Sultan Khawar , Mansoor Sajid , Khan Madiha , Ashraf Muhammad Adnan
Published: December 2023

Background

Tannery wastewater effluents contain many toxic and carcinogenic heavy metals and physiochemical parameters that need to be removed before these effluents enter in the main water bodies or rivers. In this study, the effluents from the tannery industry are treated through aeration, coagulation, and Chlorella vulgaris pond treatment processes for the removal of physiochemical: parameters only.

Methods

The effect of removal efficiencies (%) was studied on the physicochemical parameters, including salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD).

Results

The key results showed that the removal of EC, TDS, turbidity, TSS, BOD, and COD was 80.2%, 67%, 81%, 80.8%, 68.6%, and 100%, respectively, in raw wastewater treatment having 25, 50, and 70 g of algae C. vulgaris doses. The removal efficiencies (%) of salinity, EC, TDS, turbidity, TSS, BOD, and COD were 83%, 87.1%, 77.1%, 80%, 40%, 97%, and 98%, respectively, during coagulated wastewater treatment with three doses of algae. The observed improvement in treated wastewater indicated that the removal efficiencies (%) of salinity, EC, TDS, turbidity, TSS, BOD, and COD were 85.7%, 39.3%, 81.3%, 67.8%, 50.3%, 97%, and 98%, with C. vulgaris.

Conclusion

This study confirmed that the treatment of tannery wastewater by these processes increased the pollutant removal efficiencies as all the physiochemical parameters were exceeding the permissible limits.

Results contribution in future

This research will be helpful to treat the industrial wastewaters or effluents before it further mixes up in the main water streams. In this way, water quality will be better, aquatic life will be saved, and further researchers can analyze more ways for efficient treatments as they have a baseline data through this study findings.

Practitioner Points

One of the most pollutant sources in terms of both physical and chemical parameters is the produced wastewater from tannery industries.

The effluents from tannery industry are treated through aeration, coagulation, and algae ponds treatment processes.

These treatment made the tannery wastewater as environmental friendly.
Characteristics and removal efficiency of microplastics at secondary wastewater treatment plant in Lithuania
Authors: Pleskytė Sonata , Uogintė Ieva , Burbulytė Austėja , Byčenkienė Steigvilė
Published: December 2023

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are the most significant barrier between anthropogenic microplastics and environmental ecosystems. The distribution and characteristics of microplastics in WWTPs remain uncertain and incompletely understood, particularly in northeastern Europe (Baltic States), where there is a lack of data on microplastic pollution and distribution. This study presents the removal efficiency and variation in characteristics of microplastics in different stages of the secondary WWTP during a 3‐month sampling campaign in Lithuania. The abundance, size, shape, color, and chemical composition of microplastics in the wastewater at different treatment stages were thoroughly examined, in a size range from 20 to 1000 μm. On average, 2962 ± 25 particles/L of microplastic enter the studied WWTP. The obtained microplastic removal efficiency was 55.4% ± 3.9%, highlighting the necessity to enhance wastewater treatment strategies focusing on microplastic removal. Fragment‐type microplastics smaller than 100 μm were removed from wastewater samples with the highest removal efficiency. Furthermore, our study includes recommendations to improve microplastic removal efficiency and contribute to mitigating microplastic pollution.

Practitioner Points

A large number of MPs in the size range of 20–1000 μm enter Lithuanian WWTP.

Small–sized MPs within a range of 20–50 μm and 50–100 μm were removed with the highest efficiency of 54.07 ± 1.68% and 56.4 ± 2.43%, respectively.

The shape and size of MPs have a major impact on the efficiency of their removal.

Future research should prioritize the development of economical and energy–efficient systems, specifically designed for the removal of MPs in WWTPs.
Towards a X-as-a-Service Application in Industrial Laundry – A Case Study of Information Requirement Engineering in Emerging Data Ecosystems
Authors: Werling Maximilian , Keller Alexandra , Lasi Heiner
Published: December 2023

In past years, Everything- or X-as-a-Service applications have left their mark on the consumer market, changing the landscape of on-demand delivery of goods and services. In recent years, these applications have also gained traction in an industrial context. However, companies are often unable to provide such a service on their own because they lack the necessary data or capabilities. To address this, companies are coming together to be part of larger Data Ecosystems. Based on a case study in industrial laundry, this paper explores the first steps towards a Laundry-Finish-as-a-Service application, focusing on the Information Requirement Concept. Based on Action Design Research as a guiding research process, three small to medium sized enterprises – a manufacturer of textile finishing machines, a manufacturer of gas burners as well as an industrial laundry – were scientifically accompanied over the course of eight months, with two workshops and several bilateral in-depth sessions. First results are presented and discussed in order to derive design principles for the Information Requirement Concept for a XaaS application in emerging data ecosystems.
Improving the Implementation of Microservice-Based Systems with Static Code Analysis
Authors: Copei Sebastian , Schreiter Maximilian , Zündorf Albert
Published: December 2023

are powerful tools to support the development process and help to write better and cleaner code. However, most aim with their support on the development of monolithic software. For the development of distributed systems like a microservices-based system, there is a lack of support for e.g. inter-service communication via . This means through the string-based communication used during , the is not able to support with autocompletion, syntax highlighting or type checking. To solve this issue, we introduce an plugin called , based on the , which gives additional support during the development of distributed microservice-based systems, in a environment.
Traumatic inflammatory response: pathophysiological role and clinical value of cytokines
Authors: Li Rui , Ye Jing Jing , Gan Lebin , Zhang Mengwei , Sun Diya , Li Yongzheng , Wang Tianbing , Chang Panpan
Published: December 2023

Severe trauma is an intractable problem in healthcare. Patients have a widespread immune system response that is complex and vital to survival. Excessive inflammatory response is the main cause of poor prognosis and poor therapeutic effect of medications in trauma patients. Cytokines are signaling proteins that play critical roles in the body's response to injuries, which could amplify or suppress immune responses. Studies have demonstrated that cytokines are closely related to the severity of injuries and prognosis of trauma patients and help present cytokine-based diagnosis and treatment plans for trauma patients. In this review, we introduce the pathophysiological mechanisms of a traumatic inflammatory response and the role of cytokines in trauma patients. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of cytokine-based diagnosis and therapy for post-traumatic inflammatory response, although further clarification to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of cytokines following trauma is warranted.
Efficient net shape forming of high-strength sheet metal parts by Transversal Compression Drawing
Authors: Briesenick David , Liewald Mathias
Published: December 2023

In this contribution, a new forming method is presented for high-strength steel sheet metal materials called Transversal Compression Drawing (TCD). For TCD, the blankholder of the conventional deep drawing process is replaced by sliders introducing a vertical force along the blank edge. Compared to conventional deep drawing, compressive stresses are thereby superimposed in the flange area of the sheet metal material, reducing the springback of formed components and the forces required during the process. Proof of this is provided here on the basis of numerical investigations in which conventional deep drawing and TCD are compared using the example of an “S-Rail” component made from DP980. Results of these investigations reveal that with TCD a maximum reduction in springback by more than 5 mm is achieved, leading to an improvement in the component´s overall shape accuracy of more than 55%. Furthermore, frictional work is decreased by − 6.92 kJ/kg, resulting in an overall reduction of maximum forming forces by 67.4%. Besides, TCD enables a trim-free net shape forming of the final part contour in a single operation and an increased material utilization of 4.5% from coil to part. Not least, no sheet thinning occurs with TCD, whereas a maximum thinning of 12% is observed with the conventional deep drawing process.