bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Concept of Technological Support of Operational Properties Based on Stabilization of Mechanical Properties of Gear Materials in a Gas Turbine Engine Drive System
Authors: Shehovtseva E.V.
Published: October 2024

Modern production of gears for gas turbine engines for aviation, marine and land use is inherently related to the calculation of the stress state of the working surfaces of the mating teeth. To create conditions for the operability of the gear train and the drive system as a whole, an engineering analysis of the contact endurance of the mating surfaces is a necessary criterion. The contact strength determines the life of the gear mechanism. The value of the contact strength, taking into account its distribution in the contact zone of the working mating surfaces of the gears, is determined by the processing technology and operation, but the mechanical properties and texture of the material have the greatest influence. This determines the requirements for the stability of the mechanical properties of the materials used for the manufacture of gears, making a topical question on their study. The technology of manufacturing the gears in the gas turbine engine drives forms the layer structure of the toothed crown because of the use of chemical-thermal treatment. The surface hardened layer of the gear tooth after chemical-thermal treatment is saturated with carbon and nitrogen, and as a result of thermal action acquires mechanical properties and structure different from the material in the supply. The paper presents the results of practical research of evolution of mechanical properties of structural steels 20H3MVF-Sh, 18H2N4MA, 16H3NVFM-Sh and 12H2N4A-Sh based on various types of chemical-thermal treatment, as well as microstructure of toughened layer and core of the part. The steel mechanical properties stabilization evaluation in the process of gear technology was performed. The presented results of experimental studies of mechanical properties of the material prove stabilization of mechanical and structural indicators, which are responsible for the contact strength of the mating surfaces of toothed gears.
Neural Network Algorithm for Training a Mobile Robot in the Task of Following a Target
Authors: Zvonarev I. S. , Karavaev Yu. L.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the research, development and implementation of an artificial neural network with reinforcement for controlling a mobile robot with a differential drive to solve the task of following a target. The authors of the study present a detailed description of the architecture of the neural network, its training using a deep deterministic gradient policy algorithm, and integration with the robot control system. A distributed neural network structure was selected for specialized generation of controls, for which the authors chose the angular and linear speed of the robot. A system of rules has been synthesized that takes into account changes in the distance between the robot and the target object and tracking of the heading angle in real time. A mathematical model of a robot with a differential drive is considered, on the basis of which a simulation program is implemented for intermediate training of a neural network, as a result of which the initial weighting coefficients are formed. Using this program, you can get by with less energy and time costs at the initial stage of the study. Experiments to test the effectiveness of the developed neural network were carried out in the Gazebo simulation environment using the ROS2 communication interface. The article describes the process of integrating a neural network with a robot control system in a simulation environment, as well as test results and analysis of the obtained data. The results of experiments are presented for three scenarios in which the initial position of the robot is the same, the remaining parameters are generated according to the rules described by the authors. The effectiveness of using such a solution for trajectory planning has been confirmed. The research contributes to the field of autonomous systems and demonstrates the potential of artificial reinforcement neural networks in robotics.
Distortion of Magnetic Fields Near a Steel Construction. Modeling
Authors: Emelyanova M.S. , Murav’ev V.V. , Shiharev P.A.
Published: October 2024

Natural variations of the Earth's magnetic field and its man-made distortions are considered. The rules and regulations in force in the Russian Federation for staying and living in places with a distortion of the Earth's magnetic field are analyzed. Existing methods for eliminating distorted magnetic fields inside residential and work premises are considered. Modeling of distortions of the Earth's magnetic field by building materials was carried out and the influence of their location in space on the overall picture of the resulting magnetic field was shown. To modeling the influence of reinforcement of reinforced concrete constructions on the resulting magnetic field, 6 models of the location of reinforcing bars and their groups were used: one reinforcing bar magnetized against the Earth’s magnetic field and along the Earth’s field; 4 reinforcing bars each, magnetized against the Earth’s magnetic field and magnetized in an alternating manner; the simplest model of a residential structure or public building with 36 reinforcing bars magnetized against the Earth’s magnetic field and with 36 magnetized bars in different directions. Near the model of a rod with magnetization along the Earth’s magnetic field, there are hypogeomagnetic fields. Near the models of a reinforcing bar and four reinforcing bars magnetized against the Earth’s magnetic field, there are no hypogeomagnetic zones and changes in the direction of the magnetic field strength vectors, but strong increases in the resulting magnetic field can be observed - 500 times or more. Near models with 4 reinforcing bars magnetized in an alternating manner, there are the most dangerous zero values of magnetic field strength at a distance of 1 m. Inside the model with 36 reinforcing bars there is a hypogeomagnetic field in the very center of the model and a change in the direction of the magnetic field strength vectors. Near the model with 36 magnetized rods in different directions, a more even resulting magnetic field is observed without sharp changes in its direction and absolute value. Methods have been proposed for eliminating magnetic pathogenic zones at the stages of installation and construction of building that have ferromagnetic materials in their design.
Formation of Residual Stresses in the Cylinders of Deep-Rod Pumps after Manufacturing Operations
Authors: Murav’ev V.V. , Khomutov A.S. , Murav’eva O.V. , Stepanova E.A. , Popova V.D.
Published: October 2024

The influence of technological operations on the formation of residual stresses during the manufacture of cylinders of deep-rod pumps made of steel grade 38Х2МUА has been studied. The following operations are considered: delivery status, tempering, mechanical processing, ion nitriding. The measured parameters were the transverse velocities of ultrasonic waves, used to calculate changes in residual stresses, which were determined using the phenomenon of acoustoelasticity. The magnitude of the average values of residual stresses was assessed by the destructive method according to the manufacturer's method by cutting ring samples cut from pipes after the corresponding technological operations. The heterogeneity of residual stresses along the perimeter of the pipe relative to the average value after all technological operations of processing the product was noted. According to the research results, the maximum deviations of residual stresses were obtained after the nitriding operation. Witness samples were made from the cylinders, with the help of which the hardness of the nitrided layer was checked and metallographic analysis of the microstructure of the nitrided layer was carried out. The studied microstructure consists of pearlite and ferrite at the first 3 stages of operations; after ion nitriding, the microstructure consists of sorbitol-like nitrogenous pearlite with inclusions of aluminum nitrides at a depth of up to 0.3 mm from the inner surface. The microstructure of the core is ferrite-pearlite, normalized, highly tempered. The conducted research revealed the following. The heterogeneity of residual stresses along the perimeter of the pipe relative to the average value after all technological operations of processing the product, reaching 10 MPa, was noted; the maximum deviations of residual stresses were obtained after the nitriding operation and exceed 60 MPa; the microstructure in the delivered state after tempering and machining consists of pearlite and ferrite; the microstructure after ion nitriding consists of sorbitol-like nitrogenous pearlite with inclusions of aluminum nitrides. Hardness meets the requirements of design documentation.
Reasons for Depressurization of a High-Pressure Cylinder
Authors: Repyakh V.S. , Chirkov Yu.A. , Reshetov S.Yu. , Kleshchareva G.A. , Kushnarenko E.V.
Published: October 2024

High-pressure cylinders are vessels for storing and transporting compressed gases under high pressure, which are necessary for use in various technological processes. These vessels are mainly made of steel or aluminum and have significant strength to withstand high (more than 400 kgf/cm2) pressure. Such cylinders have a wall of sufficiently large thickness and are used in various industries. The object of the study is a one-piece forged cylinder made of 38ХН3МФА steel. The purpose of this study is to determine the causes of cylinder depressurization, which occurred during filling the cylinder with helium at a speed of 7.5 m3/h at an operating pressure of 365 kgf/cm2. As is known, when operating process equipment operating under excess pressure, damage may occur due to the structure of the material and the features of its mechanical properties. This damage can lead not only to the failure of the vessel itself, but also to damage to other units and parts located nearby. And if people are working nearby, the cost of such an accident will be even higher. Therefore, the study in this article of the causes of destruction of a high-pressure cylinder is very relevant. A set of studies (visual and measuring control, factographic, metallographic and spectral analysis) was carried out, which helped to establish the cause of the destruction of the vessel body at the neck of the cylinder. The main conclusion on the causes of depressurization of the vessel in question is the presence of a stress concentrator, namely, a depression of the folds of the cylinder, which was formed during the formation of the neck of the cylinder in the transition area from the cylindrical part to the neck. During long-term operation, under the influence of residual technological stresses, a crack was formed, which spread from the inner surface of the cylinder to the outer one, up to its through damage, which led to depressurization.
Development of a Mathematical Model of a Highly Maneuverable Robot for Simulation of Robots with Different Types of Designs
Authors: Trefilov S.A. , Khodyrev G.V.
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of developing a mathematical model and simulation modeling of a three-wheeled highly maneuverable mobile robot. A mathematical model of the robot in the state space has been developed. The possibility of using this robot with rotary modules for analyzing and testing control algorithms for robots of various designs has been considered. The relevance of the study is justified by the high costs of creating physical models of robots for experimental verification of control algorithms. The proposed three-wheeled mobile robot with rotary modules, where each wheel is simultaneously both a driving and a steering wheel, allows reducing these costs, while maintaining the ability to simulate part of the real operating conditions. Simplified diagrams of the robot are given, the main parameters and equations characterizing the change in linear and angular velocity are described. Particular attention is paid to modeling various types of robot drives: automotive type and with a differential drive. In the discrete state space, equations describing the dynamics of the robot were presented, which allows them to be used in software products for modeling. The results of simulation modeling obtained in the SimInTech software environment confirm the effectiveness of the proposed model. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the use of a three-wheeled robot with rotary modules allows successfully simulating the behavior of robots with other types of drives and creating conditions close to real ones for testing control algorithms. The proposed model can be used to improve the quality of design and testing of control algorithms in robotics, while reducing the costs of creating physical models of robots, as well as in the educational process.
Design of Gearings from Involute-Bevel Gears
Authors: Lopatin B.A. , Plotnikova S.V. , Lopatin D.B.
Published: October 2024

The article presents formulas for determining the dimensions of involute-bevel gears and the gearings composed of them. It examines the most general cases of gearings formation, consisting of two involute-bevel gears with crossing axes (hyperboloid gearings), with intersecting axes (bevel gearings), and with parallel axes (cylindrical gearings). Gearings composed of involute-bevel gears have design, technological, and operational advantages compared to gearings composed of conventional cylindrical and bevel gears. The use of involute-bevel gearings with crossing axes allows for achieving the required contact character of the teeth from localized contact to linear contact, reducing sensitivity to manufacturing and assembly errors, and increasing the load capacity of the gearing compared to helical gearings from cylindrical gears. Bevel gearings with involute-bevel gears allow for the creation of gearings with any desired small shaft angles, which is difficult to achieve with conventional bevel gears. The use of internal meshing bevel gearings with modified tooth profiles in planetary reducers allows for gearings comparable to harmonic drives in terms of power and kinematic characteristics, but with a higher operational life. The use of involute-bevel gears in cylindrical gearings improves the smoothness of the mechanism and allows for adjusting the center distance and backlash in the meshing, making them suitable for backlash-free drives. By combining the taper angles of the gears and the inclination of the teeth, it is possible to create a one-way rotation mechanism - a freewheel mechanism. Modern CAD systems do not take into account the geometry features of gearings composed of involute-bevel gears, which limits their application in technology. The article proposes an algorithm for calculating the main geometric parameters of gearings composed of involute-bevel gears with arbitrary axis placement in space. Examples of geometric calculations of various types of gearings based on the proposed algorithm are provided.
Damage to Special-Purpose Ring Wavy Springs under the Influence of Hydrogen Sulfide-Containing Media
Authors: Chirkov Yu.A. , Kirilenko A.S. , Reshetov S.Yu. , Kleshchareva G.A. , Kushnarenko E.V.
Published: October 2024

Annular wavy springs are widely used in the oil and gas industry and most often serve either as compensators for temperature deformations or for mechanical seals of various joints in equipment transporting oil and gas media. These springs provide high load capacity with a relatively low draft, which ensures a compact design. Most often, such springs are made by stamping from sheet steel. When operating technological equipment that transport hydrogen sulfide-containing oil and gas media, hydrogen sulfide stress corrosion cracking occurs quite often, which can lead to failure of industrial equipment. In particular, damage to annular wavy springs can cause depressurization of elements of industrial equipment and cause significant harm not only to the environment, but also to maintenance personnel. The object of research was annular wavy springs made of steel type X15N7M2YU. The purpose of the study is to determine the resistance of the spring material to stress corrosion cracking. This article discusses the test results of special purpose annular wavy springs in an aggressive hydrogen sulfide-containing medium artificially prepared according to the recommendations of ANSI/NACE TM 0177. The results of hardness studies, strength calculations and metallographic studies of damage to a wavy spring are presented. The chemical composition of the metal of the spring fully corresponds to the steel type X15N7M2YU declared by the enterprise. According to the studies conducted in environments containing hydrogen sulfide, the wavy spring is not recommended for use in oil and gas equipment, since it is not resistant to hydrogen sulfide cracking under stress.
Waveguide Acoustic Control of Pipes - Billets of Deep Rod Pumps
Authors: Strizhak V.A. , Khasanov R.R. , Khomutov A.S. , Torkhov K.A. , Pushin P.N.
Published: October 2024

Deep rod pumps are expensive maintenance-free equipment for extracting oil from wells. The exclusion of defective billet pipes from the technological cycle of manufacturing elements of such pumps significantly affects both the cost of their production and the cost of production. A waveguide method is proposed for continuous input testing of tube billets of rod pump cylinders. It does not require scanning and is highly sensitive to both internal and surface defects. An experimental assessment of the sensitivity of the method to defects in the form of an influx located on the outer and inner surfaces of a thick-walled pipe with a diameter of 59.3 mm and a wall thickness of 14 mm was carried out. The echo signal from the artificial reflector decreased by 2 dB when the reflector was moved from the outside of the pipe to the inside. The criteria for rejection of the blank pipe are determined by the signal level at the first reflection R1, at the 8th reflection RN and by the attenuation coefficient b. As a result of flaw detection of billet pipes, a pipe with a significant defect was found. An experimental study of the acoustic properties of a batch of pipes with a diameter of 58 mm in the delivery state was carried out. For the billets of the cylinder of the deep rod pump in the delivery state, the lower acceptance limit for the torsional wave velocity of 3255 m/s has been determined. The influence of technological operations of high tempering and straightening on their acoustic properties is estimated. The possibility of quality control when performing the release operation by the guided wave method is shown. It was revealed that during the tempering procedure, the velocity of the torsional wave increases, on average, by 27 m/s per batch.
Is the work of Utemish-hajji pro-Shibanid?
Authors:   South Ural State University, Parunin Alexey V.
Published: October 2024

Purpose of the study: To consider specific examples to substantiate the pro-Shibanid orientation of the work of Utemish-hajji, formed in the research literature. To analyze these examples in a comparative historical vein using a wide range of written sources, and on this basis note some stylistic features of the written heritage of the Khiva historian. The final part provides a brief analysis of the works of those medieval authors whose main focus is indeed on the Shibanid dynasty. Research materials: The main sources for this article were two manuscripts of the works of Utemish-hajji published in Russian – “Chingiz-name” and “Kara tawarikh”. Also used are synchronous Arab and Persian historians of the 15th–17th centuries, and materials from Russian chronicles. Research results. It has been determined that the arguments for the author’s pro-Shibanid position presented in historiography are not entirely correct, as demonstrated by relevant passages from the work of Utemish-hajji. In both manuscripts of the work, the Shibanid dynasty indeed occupies an important role, but politically it does not stand out from the rest of the descendants of Jochi. The only exception is the founder of the Shiban dynasty whose military exploits are highlighted by the author. In addition, Utemish-hajji’s poor knowledge of the genealogy of the ruling dynasty is noted, which indirectly indicates that the goals and objectives of the work he performed were aimed at building one’s own version of the history of the Golden Horde. This approach was partly due to the sources of the information received. The plot of the work contrasts strongly with works that can be classified as Shibanid historiography. A typical example here is the work of Masud Kukhistani, who built his work around the personality of Abu l-Khair. Separately, it is worth noting a number of episodes discussed in the article (the reign and death of Khizr, the end of the Batuid dynasty), information about which could be gleaned from written sources. All of the above raises pressing questions of research into the goals and objectives set for the chronicler, as well as clarification of the specific ideological orientation of the work.
A Letter from a Tatar warrior to his wife
Authors:   Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Abibullaeva Elmira E.
Published: October 2024

Purpose of the study: to identify sources on everyday life during the Crimean Khanate. An attempt to reconstruct individual episodes of everyday life through the study and reference to materials of the epistolary genre. Research materials: The article analyzes and translates into Russian a letter from Suleiman Effendi to his wife, presumably written during the Polish-Turkish War (1632–1634). This letter was published in 1864 in the collection of V. Velyaminov-Zernov “Materials for the history of the Crimean Khanate”, but until today it remained completely unexplored. Results and scientific novelty: The topic of everyday life during the Crimean Khanate period remains unstudied and unconsidered. In view of this circumstance, the relevance of the problem raised in the study lies in identifying and considering sources containing descriptions of individual aspects of everyday life. The work examines a letter of a private nature, which reveals several aspects from the past: the private life and relationships of people in the family, the ethics of mental behavior in society, the tactics and techniques used by the warring parties during military campaigns, the names of historical figures, the language of that time. Based on the research and identification of sources of the epistolary genre, the author comes to the conclusion that today the letters of a private nature from the period of the Crimean Khanate are very rare. An analysis of the contents of the letter suggests that there was correspondence between Suleiman Effendi and his wife, and this letter is Suleiman Effendi’s response to a letter sent earlier by his wife. It also turns out that letters from military campaigns were probably delivered by special mounted messengers.
State and law of the Chaghadai Ulus and early Timurid state as they were seen by foreign contemporaries
Authors:   HSE University, Pochekaev Roman Yu.
Published: October 2024

Research objectives: An analysis of official documents and notes of foreign contemporaries to clarify some aspects of political and legal life of the Chaghadai Ulus and early Timurid state in the 13th– beginning of 15th centuries. Materials and methods of research: The basic materials are official documents (diplomatic correspondence), travelers’ reports and notes, diaries and memoirs of travelers from different countries of Europe and Asia who visited the Chaghadai Ulus with different missions in the analyzed period as well as some official documents (diplomatic correspondence) between foreign and Mongol rulers. The methods of research are formal and historical legal research of historical documents, comparative legal analysis as well as historical approach in general. Scientific novelty: The state structure and legal relations in the Chaghadai Ulus and early Timurid state still have not been objects of special research. The author proposes to use works of foreign contemporaries as a tool to clarify some questions of political and legal life in the Chaghadaid state, finding similarities with other Chinggisid states and specific features of the region, its traditions, etc. Results of the research: The information of the analyzed historical documents, naturally, doesn’t allow one to reconstruct all aspects of political structure of Chaghadai Ulus and early Timurid state and their legal system in general, but adds valuable details to the information of other sources on history of this state – that is, historical chronicles (mainly of Timurid age) and legal monuments (khans’ yarliks and other official documents of the ulus). At that, we cannot ignore the fact that the Chaghadai Ulus before Timur was not considered as a full and authoritative member of international relations which is why contemporaries paid more attention to other Chinggisid states: The Golden Horde, Ilkhanate, Yuan Empire. However, the analysis of contemporaries’ notes could stimulate scholars to study some specific aspects of the Chaghadai Ulus’ history which were not researched before.
Rec. ad op.: Kuzembayuly A., Abil’ E., Alibek T. The Siberian ulus and Kazakhs: Problems of ethnic continuity and historical memory
Authors:   Kurgan State University, Maslyuzhenko Denis N.
Published: October 2024

Results and scientific novelty. The reviewed book consists of four chapters. The first one is devoted to the history of research of the Shaybanids and the Taibugid statehoods in the south of Western Siberia, as well as to the theoretical and methodological approaches to the issues of ethnic history reconstruction in the Russian and Kazakh historical fields. The second chapter deals with “Historical memory as the source of the history of the Siberian ulus”. It presents memory artefacts of the so-called Siberian ulus in the Kazakh epos poetry and in historical legends on “The materials on Kyrgyz land use”. The sources presented here are virtually unknown to Russian researchers and they open new opportunities for the study of some issues of the late medieval Siberian statehood history. The third chapter raises issues of the prehistory of the Siberian ulus, with special attention given to the ulus of Taibugi, the study of whose descendants has recently taken the lead in Kazakh medieval studies. The fourth chapter is devoted to the history of the Siberian ulus, divided into separate stages (13th–14th centuries, the period of the collapse of the Golden Horde, the Siberian Khanate). The reviewed monograph is an important stage in the formation of modern Kazakh historiography on the issues of further study of the late medieval history of Western Siberia. It reveals some new sources, unknown or little known in earlier Russian historical science; there are interesting and original ideas on ethnic relations of the Siberian and Kazakh population and the origin of the Siberian princely dynasty of the Taibugids, which need further reflection. However, ignoring many achievements of the latest Russian historiography and its selective quoting, refusal to build an accurate chronology, skipping entire decades in the generalising conclusions, and the choice of the term “Siberian ulus”, which has not revealed its full potential, raise the question as to what extent the authors were really able to create a quality study on the role of the Shibanid statehood in the history of the formation of the Kazakh people.
Modal and harmonic analysis of femur bone using different boundary conditions by Finite Element Analysis.
Authors: S MATHU KUMAR , V A NAGARAJAN , A RADHAKRISHNAN
Published: October 2024

The longest and largest bone in the human body is the femur. Pelvic bone sustains the weight of the body to which the femur bone is connected. Many researches have been carried out to identify the behaviour of the femur bone. The study aimed to explore the natural frequencies and mode shapes of vibrating devices to gain insights into the dynamic behavior of the femur bone during various physical activities. Examining the impact of patient-specific bone shape and density on bone natural frequencies is crucial. The primary goals of femur bone analysis involve employing computer simulations for fracture detection and employing Finite Element (FE) models to determine natural frequencies and vibration modes. To obtain the natural frequency of the femur bone, different boundary conditions such as free-fixed and fixed-fixed are applied. Avoiding the coincidence of the natural frequency with external excitation frequencies is crucial to prevent femur bone fractures. Also, for different magnitude of loads, femur bone is involved in harmonic analysis is to identify the amplitude and stress against acceleration.
the gaze as a protest
Authors: ujjwal utkarsh
Published: October 2024

My PhD project lies in the intersection of observational filmmaking and the act of protests. For me, the observational form is not really geared towards the goal of objectivity but rather with a sensorial experiential approach an intent to make the invisible, visible. The position of the auteur becomes critically important here. In this position it is important for me that I do NOT claim or seem to be claiming ‘their position’ or voice. And while being an outsider, it is an attempt to not just look ‘at them’. But rather an attempt to ‘be with’. Through this presentation, I would like to explore this position further and also explore as to if through such an approach can then various realities be acknowledged as realities without being reduced to singular notions of truth?

My PhD project lies in the intersection of observational filmmaking and the act of protests. For me, the observational form is not really geared towards the goal of objectivity but rather with a sensorial experiential approach an intent to make the invisible, visible. Through this presentation I would like to further eXplore the position of the observer or the auteur. The position of the observer becomes critical as it defines and is interconnected with what to look at, and how to look. While ‘observing’, for me it is important that I do NOT claim or seem to be claiming ‘their position’ or voice. And while being an outsider, it is an attempt to not just look ‘at them’. But rather an attempt to ‘be with’. Can such a position then help us acknowledge various realities as realities and not reduce them to singular notions of truth?

My PhD project lies in the intersection of observational filmmaking and the act of protest. For me, the observational form is not geared towards objectivity but rather as a sensorial experiential approach with an intent to make the invisible, visible. In this case, the position of the auteur or the observer becomes critical. For instance, it is important for me that I do NOT claim ‘their position’ or voice. And, while being an outsider, to not just look ‘at them’ but rather attempt to ‘be with’. In this presentation, I will further explore this position and see if in trying to be with and be adjacent to an ‘other’ while observing, can we evoke the possibility of a multiplicity of narratives? Can then various realities be acknowledged without being reduced to singular notions of truth?
Searching for Korean traditional music – Exploring rhythms and improvisational possibilities
Authors: Michael Lee Sørenmo
Published: October 2024

This exposition present my study about Korean traditional music in combination with improvisation and composition. It focuses specially on Korean rhythm with both the Korean drum janggu, and the drum kit.
I am going to present my work by giving an insight on my practice methods, discoveries and compositional work. And show how I gradually developed this project during my masters study.
This exposition also explores a theme related to identity, and finding back to ones roots through learning traditional music.
Ethos, discurso y contra-discurso. La disputa por la opinión pública durante la campaña presidencial de 2014 en Colombia, a propósito de las negociaciones de paz
Authors: Vásquez Ramírez Teresita
Published: October 2024

El 4 de septiembre de 2012, el gobierno nacional en cabeza del presidente de la República de Colombia, Juan Manuel Santos, y el comandante máximo de las FARC-EP, Rodrigo Londoño Echeverri, alias Timoleón Jiménez, Timochenko, dieron a conocer oficialmente a los colombianos, a través de los medios de información, el acuerdo que daría inicio a las conversaciones conducentes a la finalización del conflicto armado en Colombia. En el anuncio se dio cuenta de la culminación de unas reuniones exploratorias entre el gobierno nacional y las FARC, llevadas a cabo con esmerada discreción en la Habana-Cuba. Estas reuniones estuvieron orientadas a la construcción de una visión compartida sobre el fin del conflicto y el propósito y las reglas de juego de la negociación. Finalmente, estos encuentros concluyeron con la firma de un documento denominado “Acuerdo General para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz estable y duradera”.
Implementation, design and methodology. Research results in the School of Engineering
Authors: Marín-Hurtado Ana Julieth , Escobar-Mejía Andrés , Hernández Gómez Kevin Alejandro , Echeverry Correa Julián David , Orozco Gutiérrez Álvaro Ángel
Published: October 2024

An end-to-end methodology based on deep learning for the detection and localization of microcalcifications in digital mammograms introduces a novel methodology designed for the preprocessing and localization of clusters of microcalcifications (CM) in mammograms, with the primary goal of facilitating early detection of breast cancer. The preprocessing phase encompasses artifact removal and breast segmentation, achieved through advanced techniques such as contrast enhancement and adaptive thresholding. Addressing the challenge of pectoral muscle removal, a common obstacle in mammogram analysis, involves a multi-step strategy incorporating background estimation and K-means segmentation. To localize CM, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is leveraged for the classification of regions of interest (ROI) as either containing CM or not. Subsequently, potential CM-containing ROIs undergo contrast enhancement techniques to amplify CM visibility, followed by filtering to eliminate false positives based on geometric and intensity characteristics. The effectiveness of the methodology is validated using two extensively used datasets, namely mini-MIAS and DDSM, demonstrating superior performance compared to existing methods across various metrics including breast and pectoral muscle segmentation, as well as CM classification. Additionally, a prototype CAD system is developed, seamlessly integrating all processing stages and offering a user-friendly interface for mammogram analysis.
Feature Selection using Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm for Classification of Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Ali ALOUACHE
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates feature selection for data dimensionality
reduction in the binary classification of high-resolution remote sensing
images. For this aim, a Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO)
algorithm is used within a wrapper feature selection (WFS) framework to
pick the optimal features for the classification. In this work, the TLBO
is used in conjunction with the support vector machine (SVM) classifier
to constitute a machine learning paradigm. Compared to other
evolutionary optimization algorithms, the proposed TLBO framework is
characterized by less computational effort and no algorithm-specific
parameter requirements. In the end, experimental tests are conducted to
show the effectiveness of the proposed TLBO-based WFS approach by using
multi-spectral data from Earth Observing-One Advanced Land Imager. The
comparative results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed TLBO
algorithm in achieving high classification accuracy in comparison to the
genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO).
DETERMINANTS OF ZAKAT PAYMENT: THE VIEWPOINT OF STAKEHOLDERS IN SEREMBAN
Authors: MD THANI AZLAN , MUHAMMAD ANUAR , RAZAK NADHIRA YASMIN , ABDUL FATTAH MUHAMMAD MUKHLIS , SHAHARUDDIN SHAZALI
Published: October 2024

Islamic countries widely recognize zakat as a significant means to promote equity in sharing wealth among Muslims. Despite the obligation of Muslims to pay zakat, the total amount collected is considerably lower than the amount acquired through taxes. Thus, this study aims to identify the determinants influencing zakat payment among Muslims in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. It will provide a better understanding of the factors that shape zakat payment behavior in this district. The data collection method involved a quantitative survey using structured questionnaires administered to a sample of 400 Muslim residents in Seremban. The study utilized a range of statistical analysis techniques, including correlation and regression to examine the relationships between the determinants and zakat payment practice. The study found that convenience is the most significant determinant motivating individuals to pay zakat through zakat agencies. This finding provides valuable insights for zakat agencies, policymakers, and religious authorities in Malaysia to develop targeted strategies to increase zakat compliance behavior among Muslims. These may include improving religious education programs, implementing transparent reporting mechanisms, developing tailored outreach programs, leveraging technology to simplify and streamline the zakat payment process, and collaborating with community leaders to reinforce positive social norms in paying zakat.
Examining Islamic Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Current and Future Research– A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Salin Ahmad Saiful Azlin Puteh , Abdul Raman Suryani , Nik Kamarudin Nik Nurul Aswani , Mohd Shaari Siti Nabilah
Published: October 2024

This bibliometric analysis offers a comprehensive look at the current research trends in Islamic environmental, social, and governance (ESG) over 12 years, from 2012 to 2023. The study encompasses a dataset of 54 papers from the SCOPUS database and employs various bibliometric metrics, including author-based, country-based, and organization-based citations. The results indicate a variable growth in the number of publications in this research domain over the period, with a particularly significant surge observed between 2021 and 2023. The descriptive analysis identifies the most prolific countries and document types within Islamic environmental, social, and governance realms. The citation analysis identifies the most influential authors, organizations, and countries shaping this field. In summary, the results show that environmental, social, and governance (ESG) research and practices that include Islamic teachings and values still demonstrate a significant gap, and recommendations are provided for future research based on the primary issues and gaps discovered from the current trends. These findings are valuable for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking insights into this study area.
Evaluating Internal Control Mechanisms in Malaysian Public Sector Initiatives: Insights from the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) Reports
Authors: Ahmad Zazili Ainol Sarina , Abu Nor 'Asyiqin , Basri Siti Aisyah , Nordin Enylina , Hussain Wan Shafizah
Published: October 2024

This study examines internal control challenges in Malaysian government projects, drawing on Public Accounts Committee (PAC) reports from 2019 to 2022. The focus on this period stems from the shift in PAC chairmanship from government to opposition, which enhanced perceived independence. However, the literature suggests that the PAC’s success depends more on collaborative decision-making than on the chairman’s political affiliation. Analyzing 29 government agencies across various sectors revealed recurring weaknesses in internal controls. The study employed the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission’s (COSO) Internal Control-Integrated Framework (ICIF) to systematically identify these weaknesses. A content analysis method was used to examine the themes, which were grouped into five ICIF components: control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring. Weaknesses in the control environment include conflicts of interest, compromised ethical values, inadequate governance, and a lack of accountability and transparency. Risk assessment deficiencies were found in financial risk management, procurement and acquisition risks, geopolitical and strategic risks, intellectual property and technology risks, and project management risks. Control activity weaknesses involved poor resource and process management, non-compliance, and flawed decision-making. Information and communication issues included poor documentation, inadequate system integration and data sharing, limited stakeholder engagement, weak communication protocols, and poor information management. Monitoring deficiencies were noted in regulatory compliance, contract management, financial oversight, monitoring systems, and disbursement tracking. Addressing these weaknesses in internal controls is crucial for minimizing the risks of fraud, waste, and loss of public trust
The The Impact of Task Management, Social Support and Income on Work-Life Balance among Gig Workers
Authors: Mohd Yusof Noorlailahusna , Ismail Nur Hilmi , Abdul Rashid Abdul Rashidi , Khan Hafizah Hammad Ahmad , Mohd Yusof Muhammad Arif Solehin
Published: October 2024

The study addresses the growing concern about work-life balance among gig workers in Malaysia, a population facing unique challenges due to the nature of gig employment. This issue is particularly critical as gig workers often struggle with task management, securing social support, and dealing with income volatility, all of which impact their ability to achieve a balanced work-life dynamic. This study aims to analyze the effects of task management, social support, and income stability on the work-life balance of gig workers in Malaysia. A quantitative research methodology was employed, involving a survey of 70 gig workers across various sectors in Kedah. The data was analyzed using correlation analysis to assess the relationships between the independent variables, task management, social support, and income stability, and the dependent variable, work-life balance. The findings reveal that task management, social support, and income stability are all significantly correlated with better work-life balance, with task management being the most influential factor. The implications of this study suggest that improving task management practices, enhancing social support systems, and stabilizing income are crucial strategies for gig platforms and policymakers to consider. These measures can significantly improve the well-being of gig workers and contribute to a more sustainable gig economy. The study also highlights the need for further research to explore these relationships in different cultural contexts and over time, to better understand their long-term effects.
Predicting the Elements of Life Necessities for Students at UiTM Melaka
Authors: Mohd Nor Ahmad Rosli , Samsul Muhammad Saifullah , Abd. Samad Khairunnisa , Mahmud Mohd Izwan
Published: October 2024

This research delves into the hotly contested topic of residency requirements in our country, which is now receiving a lot of attention from the media. Students at public colleges, especially those from low-income families who already face many obstacles, should pay special attention to this issue. Students who must manage the challenges of university life in addition to having to repay student loans are even more disadvantaged. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the social, psychological, and financial aspects that impact the need for living on campus. 200 questionnaires in all were disseminated using Google Forms and then analyzed. The study utilized multiple regression analysis to evaluate the predictor factors that influence kids' fundamental survival needs. According to the findings, societal factors (b = -.455) had the biggest impact on the fundamental requirements of UiTM Melaka degree and diploma holders. The kids' basic needs were also strongly impacted by psychological (b = -.310) and economic (b = -.357) aspects. These results highlight the vital role that social, economic, and psychological interventions have in improving people's quality of life—not just in college settings, but also in general. The study's high R Square value (.978) indicates that these factors together account for almost all variances in quality of life. As a result, this research supports all-encompassing approaches that target these important factors to enhance people's general well-being, especially those of those who are vulnerable.
Modelling the Predictors of Social Media Marketing on Consumer Buying Behavior in Malaysia
Authors: Borhan Halimahton , Mohamed Rozita Naina , Rusli Mohd Saifullah , Othman Azhana , Marmaya Najihah Hanisah , Md Razak Mohamad Idham , Ridzuan Abdul Rahim
Published: October 2024

Despite the rapid increase in internet and mobile users in Malaysia, the growth of online purchases through social media platforms has not kept pace with this broader digital trend. This study investigates the key predictors that influence consumer buying behavior through social media marketing, with a specific focus on the roles of Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and Perceived Usefulness (PU) of these platforms. Employing a quantitative cross-sectional research design, data were collected from 115 respondents in Malaysia who have experience making online purchases via mobile applications. The study also examines variations in consumer experiences based on demographic factors, including age, gender, education level, and geographic region. The findings indicate that both PEOU and PU are significant predictors that shape consumer buying behavior on social media platforms. This research provides valuable insights for marketers seeking to enhance the effectiveness of their social media marketing strategies. By better understanding the factors driving consumer behavior in the Malaysian market, businesses can design more targeted and personalized campaigns for specific consumer segments, ultimately improving their competitive advantage in this digital landscape.