bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Situ Center Wavelength Control of AlInN/GaN Distributed Bragg Reflectors with In Situ Reflectivity Spectra Measurements
Authors: Kobayashi Kenta , Nishikawa Taichi , Watanabe Ruka , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi , Iwaya Motoaki , Kamei Toshihiro
Published: March 2024

An in situ control of a center wavelength in a 40‐pair AlInN/GaN distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) for GaN‐based vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs) with an in situ reflectivity spectra measurement is proposed and developed. A procedure of the in situ control consists of the following three steps: 1) to grow an initial 5‐pair DBR; 2) to obtain the center wavelength value just after the initial DBR growth by the in situ reflectivity spectra measurement; and 3) to adjust growth times as a result of the obtained center wavelength value and continue the remaining 35‐pair DBR. It is experimentally demonstrated that the in situ control of the center wavelength in the 40‐pair DBRs with the ±2% thickness deviations in the initial 5‐pair DBR results in reductions of the deviation down to ±0.3%. The in situ DBR center wavelength control is a key technique for highly reproducible GaN‐based VCSELs.
Successful thoracoscopic operative approach for refractory pneumothorax in interstitial lung disease under local anaesthesia
Authors: Yamanaka Shinya , So Clara , Nishimura Naoki , Nakamura Tomoaki , Kabemura Shinsaku , Kumagai Ryosuke , Okafuji Kohei , Kitamura Atsushi , Kojima Fumitsugu , Tomishima Yutaka , Jinta Torahiko , Bando Toru
Published: March 2024

Refractory pneumothorax associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) remains a challenging condition due to the patient's tolerability and lung compliance that restrict the feasibility of aggressive interventions. Additionally, many cases recur after improvement with treatment, and reports of successful management for this complicated condition are limited. Herein, we report the case of a 60‐year‐old man with ILD, utilizing home oxygen therapy, who experienced a successful recovery from a surgical intervention under local anaesthesia for pneumothorax. This case highlights the potential for operative intervention under local anaesthesia as a viable option for patients who do not respond to internal approaches.
Stridor caused by endobronchial lymphoma in a middle‐aged woman
Authors: Pan Chih‐hsi , Chen Chien‐wen
Published: March 2024

Key message

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, primarily nodal in nature, can present with rare endobronchial involvement, underscoring the importance of considering it in the differential diagnoses of endobronchial lesions.
Navigating the future of guided dental implantology: A scoping review
Authors: Sarhan Moamen Mohsen , Ibrahim Eman Assem , Ezzelarab Salah , Marei Mona K.
Published: March 2024

Background

The aim of this scoping review was to understand the development of robotics and its accuracy in placing dental implants when compared to other forms of guided surgery.

Methods

An electronic search was conducted on the electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane, and Science direct with the following queries: ((robotics) AND (dental implant)) AND (accuracy). The search timeline was between 2017 and 2022.

Results

A total of 54 articles were screened for title and abstract, of which 16 were deemed eligible for inclusion. Thirty‐one articles were excluded mainly because they were out of topic (not relevant) or not in English. In total, 16 articles were included for analysis.

Conclusions

This review thoroughly analyses 5 years of literature concerning the evolution of robotics in dental implant surgery, underscoring the necessity for additional research on nascent technologies reported and a comparative study with static and dynamic systems for clinical efficacy evaluation.
A scientific approach to entrepreneurial decision‐making: Large‐scale replication and extension
Authors: Camuffo Arnaldo , Gambardella Alfonso , Messinese Danilo , Novelli Elena , Paolucci Emilio , Spina Chiara
Published: March 2024

Research Summary

This article runs a large‐scale replication of Camuffo and colleagues in 2020, involving 759 firms in four randomized control trials. The larger sample generates novel and more precise insights about the teachability and implications of a scientific approach in entrepreneurship. We observe a positive impact on idea termination and results that are consistent with a nonlinear effect on radical pivots, with treated firms running few over no or repeated pivots. We provide a theoretical interpretation of the empirical results: the scientific approach enhances entrepreneurs' efficiency in searching for viable ideas and raises their methodic doubt because, like scientists, they realize that there may be alternative scenarios from the ones that they theorize.

Managerial Summary

The findings of this article, based on four randomized control trials involving 759 firms, offer new insights into how entrepreneurial practices can benefit from a scientific approach to decision‐making. Key outcomes include an increase in the termination of ideas and a nuanced influence on the tendency to make strategy changes. Specifically, firms that adopted a scientific approach made a few strategic shifts, as opposed to either not changing or constantly changing their strategy. We suggest that this is due to the scientific approach helping entrepreneurs be more efficient when searching for valuable ideas, as well as being more careful in selecting those ideas.
Acicular Ferrite Identification in Heat‐Affected Zone of a Ti‐Killed High Strength Low Alloy Steel
Authors: Zhao Haitao , Gao Junheng , Huang Yuhe , Gao Qing , Zhou Wenhao , Zhang Qingxue , Xiong Xiangjiang , Wang Hongtao , Wang Shuize
Published: March 2024

It is frequently found in the literature that an acicular ferrite (AF) dominant microstructure has unsteady or even low‐impact toughness. It is necessary to analyze whether they are qualified for real AF. Herein, a Ti‐killed high strength low alloy steel is prepared and subjected to heat‐affected zones simulation tests to induce various AF‐like microstructures. The morphological differences of these microstructures are compared, and their crystallographic characteristics are analyzed. It is found that even within a single prior austenite grain, the transformed microstructure can be heterogeneous. Local areas having clear lath boundaries and a chaotic or interlocking morphology should be classified as AF. Adjacent laths in these areas are from different close‐packed plane and Bain groups. In contrast, local areas having vague lath boundaries and a granular‐bainite‐like morphology should be classified as granular bainite. Neighboring laths in these areas are from the same Bain group, and a relatively low density of high‐angle grain boundaries can be found. The heterogeneous microstructure consisting of granular bainite and AF has a wider grain size distribution and a higher area fraction occupied by large grains, which can lead to the scatter of Charpy impact energy. Criteria for the identification of AF are also proposed in this research.
Wetting Behavior of High Alumina Slags on the Fused Magnesia under Different Atmospheres and Low Static Magnetic Field
Authors: Huang Xuechun , Li Shenghao , Huang Ao , Zou Yongshun , Gu Huazhi
Published: March 2024

With the growing demand for high‐aluminum steel, there is an urgent need to enhance the slag resistance of magnesia‐based refractories. The wettability of high‐alumina slag on magnesia‐based refractories serves as a crucial indicator of the refractory's slag resistance. In this study, the influence of atmosphere and magnetic flux density on the wetting behavior between the slags with different basicity (CaO wt%/SiO2 wt%) and fused magnesia is explored using a high‐temperature visualization device with a controllable static magnetic field. Compared to air and argon atmospheres, the apparent contact angle of the slag on the fused magnesia decreases significantly in a vacuum environment as the violent interfacial radical reaction. The static magnetic field of 0.5 mT can regulate the spin state of a single electron in the free radical pair, resulting in an increase of the apparent contact angle by 21.1% in a vacuum atmosphere. It provides new thoughts on the development of external field protection technology for the corrosion resistance of magnesia‐based refractories.
On the construction of nested orthogonal arrays with the adjacent numbers of levels
Authors: Pang Shanqi , Zhu Yan
Published: March 2024

Nested orthogonal arrays (NOAs) provide an option for designing an experimental setup consisting of two experiments, with the expensive higher‐precision experiment nested within a larger and relatively inexpensive lower‐precision experiment. Construction of NOAs with the adjacent numbers of levels is a challenging problem. In this paper, we present several methods for constructing such NOAs and obtain some classes of such new symmetric NOAs in which the larger arrays have minimum run size. These methods are also extended to construction of NOAs with more than two layers. Furthermore, by adding some columns to these symmetric NOAs, we can construct a lot of new asymmetric NOAs. Illustrative examples are given.
Substanzkonsum und Nutzung von sozialen Medien, Computerspielen und Glücksspielen unter Auszubildenden an beruflichen Schulen
Authors: Lochbühler Kirsten , Rossa Monika , Ebert Christopher , Morgenstern Matthis , Arnaud Nicolas , Kraus Ludwig
Published: March 2024

Hintergrund

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Erfassung der Verbreitung des (problematischen) Konsums von Alkohol, Tabak und Cannabis sowie der (problematischen) Nutzung sozialer Medien, von E‑Produkten, Computerspielen und Glücksspielen unter Auszubildenden.

Methode

Querschnittliche Befragung von 4591 Auszubildenden an 17 beruflichen Schulen in Bayern, Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg. Die Datenerhebungen mittels Fragebogen erfolgten zwischen März 2021 und April 2022. Die primären Endpunkte waren die 30-Tages-Prävalenz und das problematische Konsum- und Nutzungsverhalten der genannten Substanzen/Verhaltensweisen auf Basis von Screening-Instrumenten.

Ergebnisse

Soziale Medien wurden mit einer 30-Tages-Prävalenz von 97,7 % am häufigsten von den Auszubildenden genutzt, gefolgt von Alkohol (64,3 %) und Computerspielen (55,8 %). Zigaretten wurden von 35,1 %, E‑Produkte von 17,9 % und Cannabis von 15,4 % konsumiert. Glücksspiele betrieben 12,2 % der Auszubildenden. Ein problematischer Konsum lag für Alkohol bei 47,4 %, für Tabak bei 18,0 %, für E‑Produkte bei 6,2 % und für Cannabis bei 1,6 % der Auszubildenden vor. Eine problematische Nutzung sozialer Medien wiesen 45,0 % der Auszubildenden auf, bei Glücksspiel waren 2,2 % und bei Computerspielen 0,7 % betroffen.

Diskussion

Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass es sich bei Auszubildenden um eine Risikogruppe für Suchtprobleme handelt, die erhöhten Interventionsbedarf aufweist. Vor allem Angebote der Sekundärprävention in den Bereichen Alkohol und soziale Medien sollten aufgrund ihrer weiten Verbreitung im Setting Berufsschule beachtet werden.
The effects of extreme heat on human health in tropical Africa
Authors: Kunda Joshua Jonah , Gosling Simon N. , Foody Giles M.
Published: March 2024

This review examines high-quality research evidence that synthesises the effects of extreme heat on human health in tropical Africa. Web of Science (WoS) was used to identify research articles on the effects extreme heat, humidity, Wet-bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), apparent temperature, wind, Heat Index, Humidex, Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), heatwave, high temperature and hot climate on human health, human comfort, heat stress, heat rashes, and heat-related morbidity and mortality. A total of 5, 735 articles were initially identified, which were reduced to 100 based on a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review discovered that temperatures up to 60°C have been recorded in the region and that extreme heat has many adverse effects on human health, such as worsening mental health in low-income adults, increasing the likelihood of miscarriage, and adverse effects on well-being and safety, psychological behaviour, efficiency, and social comfort of outdoor workers who spend long hours performing manual labour. Extreme heat raises the risk of death from heat-related disease, necessitating preventative measures such as adaptation methods to mitigate the adverse effects on vulnerable populations during hot weather. This study highlights the social inequalities in heat exposure and adverse health outcomes.
Highly logical and non-emotional decisions in both risky and social contexts: understanding decision making in autism spectrum disorder through computational modeling
Authors: Molins Francisco , Ben-Hassen Jemni Nour , Garrote-Petisco Dolores , Serrano Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2024

In risky contexts, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) individuals exhibit more logical consistency and non-emotional decisions than do typical adults (TAs). This way of deciding could be also prevailing in social contexts, leading to maladaptive decisions. This evidence is scarce and inconsistent, and further research is needed. Recent developments in computational modeling allow analysis of decisional subcomponents that could provide valuable information to understand the decision-making and help address inconsistencies. Twenty-seven individuals with ASD and 25 TAs were submitted to a framing-task and the ultimatum game (UG). The Rescorla–Wagner computational model was used to analyze UG decisions. Results showed that in the UG, the ASD group exhibited a higher utilitarianism, characterized by lower aversion to unfairness and higher acceptance of offers. Moreover, this way of deciding was predicted by the higher economic rationality found in the framing task, where people with ASD did not manifest emotional biases such as framing effect. These results could suggest an atypical decision making, highly logical and non-emotional, as a robust feature of ASD.
Stand-level sampling designs for bark stripping caused by red deer (Cervus elaphus L.): simulation studies based on nine fully censused stands
Authors: Hahn Christoph , Vospernik Sonja
Published: March 2024

Precise assessment of bark stripping damage is of high economic importance, since bark stripping makes wood unusable for saw timber and it is important for compensation payments for game damage. Bark stripping is clustered and decreases with increasing tree diameter, so that common forest inventories, optimized for assessing timber production variables such as standing timber volume, do not provide adequately precise estimates of bark stripping damage. In this study we analysed different sampling designs (random sampling, systematic sampling), tree selection methods (fixed radius plot, angle count sampling) and number of plots and plot sizes (plot radius: 2–20 m; basal area factor: 1–6m2/ha) for bark stripping assessment. The analysis is based on simulation studies in 9 fully censused stands (9026 trees). Simulations were done for actually assessed damage and randomly distributed damage and each scenario was repeated 100 times with different random points or different random grid locations. Systematic sampling was considerably more precise than random sampling in both scenarios. Sampling intensities to attain a standard error of 10% ranged between 12 and 18% dependent on the plot size. For a given sampling intensity, precision increased with decreasing plot size or increasing basal area factor. This implies, however, a large number of plots to be measured, which is expensive, when travel costs are high. Differences between tree selection by fixed radius plots or angle count sampling were minor. For bark stripping damage, we recommend sampling with fixed radius plots with a radius of 4–6 m and the measurement of approximately 230 or 150 plots, respectively.
Loneliness, social support, and social networks: urban–rural variation and links to wellbeing in Scotland
Authors: Long Emily , Thomson Meigan , Milicev Jelena , Goodfellow Claire , Letina Srebrenka , Bradley Sara , McCann Mark
Published: March 2024

Aim

Social relationships are key public health priorities, with their relevance to wellbeing amplified in recent years. Relationships are embedded within the wider environment in which they occur; however, we lack understanding of whether, and how, places may affect social relationships. This study utilises an urban vs rural framework to examine variation in three specific aspects of relationships (loneliness, social support, and social networks), and their links to wellbeing.

Subjects and method

Cross-sectional social network data, collected in Scotland in 2021 (N = 191), was used. Bivariate comparisons tested for differences in loneliness, social support, and social networks between urban and rural participants. Multivariable regression tested for associations between each construct and wellbeing, and interaction effects assessed differences in associations between the urban and rural locations.

Results

Urban participants had higher levels of loneliness and poorer wellbeing, even though reported levels of social support didn’t differ. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, loneliness, social support, and perceived emotional closeness of social networks were all associated with levels of wellbeing. There was no evidence that these associations differed between participants in urban and rural areas.

Conclusion

Overall, findings highlight key place-based differences that inform the design of efforts to promote social connectivity and enhance wellbeing. Given that urban residents had lower wellbeing and higher levels of loneliness, coupled with evidence demonstrating the importance of close, supportive social relationships, intervention efforts that promote social connectivity in urban environments are particularly needed.
Extended dissipative criteria for delayed semi-discretized competitive neural networks
Authors: Adhira B. , Nagamani G.
Published: March 2024

This brief investigates the extended dissipativity performance of semi-discretized competitive neural networks (CNNs) with time-varying delays. Inspired by the computational efficiency and feasibility of implementing the networks, we formulate a discrete counterpart to the continuous-time CNNs. By employing an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) and a relaxed summation inequality, sufficient conditions ensure the extended dissipative criteria of discretized CNNs are obtained in the linear matrix inequality framework. Finally, to refine our prediction, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the sustainability and merits of the theoretical results.
The Effect of Mindfulness-based Psychoeducation on Negative Automatic Thoughts and Medication Adherence in Individuals with Cannabis Use Disorder: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Budak Funda Kavak , Akbeniz Aysel , Erkan Fatma Melike , Gültekin Abdurrezzak , Cumurcu Hatice Birgül
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of mindfulness-based psychoeducation on negative automatic thoughts and medication adherence in individuals with cannabis use disorder. The randomized controlled study was conducted between September 2021 and December 2022 in the psychiatry clinic of a university hospital in Turkey. The sample size of the study consisted of 60 individuals (30 experimental groups, 30 control groups). Descriptive Characteristics Form, Negative Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale were used to collect data. In the study, while eight sessions of mindfulness-based psychoeducation were given to the experimental group, no intervention was applied to the control group. Experimental group posttest negative automatic thoughts and medication adherence scale total mean scores were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was determined that the posttest negative automatic thoughts scale total score mean in the experimental group decreased compared to the control group, and the medication adherence scale total score mean increased compared to the control group. It was determined that mindfulness-based psychoeducation given to individuals with cannabis use disorder was effective in negative automatic thoughts and adherence to treatment.
Connecting probability for random bounded-range one-dimensional network
Authors: Federico Lorenzo
Published: March 2024

We consider a class of bounded-range 1D network models on a cycle and prove that, unlike the corresponding infinite-volume models, which never contain infinite components, they actually exhibit a phase transition for connectivity. We further show that depending on the specific choice of the edge probabilities, the last obstruction to connectivity can either be the existence of isolated vertices or the split of the cycle into two spatially separated components.
Curriculare Analysen als Baustein der Assessmentkonstruktion
Authors: Fortunati Fabio , Winther Esther
Published: March 2024

Um die oft kontrovers geführten Debatten von wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen politischer Maßnahmen nachvollziehen zu können, bedarf es eines grundlegenden wirtschaftlichen Verständnisses. Die Entwicklung wirtschaftlicher Kompetenz stellt deshalb ein wichtiger Baustein für die Beteiligung des Individuums am gesellschaftlichen Leben dar. Die bisherige Beschreibung und Erfassung wirtschaftlicher Kompetenzen von Schüler*innen bezieht sich größtenteils auf die Sekundarstufe II und fokussiert auf fachwissenschaftliche Inhalte. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es zu zeigen, wie die Assessmentkonstruktion in gering strukturierten Domänen durch Analysen des curricular intendierten fachlichen Inhalts und der kognitiven Prozesse bei der Aufgabenkonstruktion sowie bei der curricularen Validierung profitieren kann. Auf Grundlage der projektspezifischen Kompetenzdefinition und der Analyse der ökonomischen Domäne wurde ein deduktives Kategoriensystem entwickelt, um Lehrpläne der ökonomischen Bildung aus zehn verschiedenen Bundesländern komparativ zu analysieren. Dieses zeigt über die Curricula hinweg eine hohe Interrater-Reliabilität (0,60 ≤ κ ≤ 0,90). Die Ergebnisse der Analyse deuten sowohl auf Unterschiede mit Blick auf die zu vermittelnden fachlichen Inhalte als auch auf die intendierten kognitiven Prozesse des Lernens hin. Die Passung zwischen Testinstrument und Curricula ist über alle untersuchten Lehrpläne hinweg hoch (P = 0,820). Die Ergebnisse können wertvolle Hinweise für eine bessere Abgleichung und Entwicklung von Assessments bezogen auf curriculare Anforderungen geben.
A Comparative Study on Wear Resistance of Cold-Sprayed Aluminum/Quasicrystal Composite Coatings
Authors: Jafari Reza , Cizek Jan , Lukac Frantisek , Cvrcek Ladislav , Buril Matej , Walter Jan , Honkanen Mari , Vippola Minnamari , Koivuluoto Heli
Published: March 2024

Cold spray (CS) technology has proven a great potential in the production of composite coatings, enabling the production of materials with superior qualities such as enhanced tribological behavior. This study aims to investigate the tribological properties of CS Al-based composite coatings reinforced by quasicrystalline (QC) particles. Two different Al alloys were used as the matrix, AA 6061 and AA 2024, and mixed with Al-based QC particles (Al-Cr-Fe-Cu) at different Al/QC ratios. A room-temperature ball-on-disc test was then used to evaluate the wear resistance of the composite CS coatings in air and compared to those of the non-reinforced Al alloy CS coatings as well as a cast counterpart (AA 6061-T6). We have demonstrated that CS could be employed to produce thick and dense Al-QC composites that can retain up to about 50 wt.% QC reinforcement in the structure. The incorporation of the QC particles increased the wear resistance by a factor of 7.
Oxidative stress status and antioxidative responses in neonate versus adult Daphnia magna exposed to polystyrene leachate
Authors: Esterhuizen Maranda , Monticelli Michela , Lee Sang-Ah , Kim Youngsam , Pflugmacher Stephan , Kim Young Jun
Published: March 2024

Objective

Plastic pollution, particularly polystyrene, significantly threatens aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Furthermore, plastic leachates have been documented to be detrimental to some aquatic organisms; however, understanding the toxicity mechanism remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the ecotoxicological effects of polystyrene leachate on neonate and adult Daphnia magna, a keystone species in freshwater ecosystems.

Methods

The effects of the leachate were studied by employing the novel technique of separating daphnids from the polystyrene microplastic fragments via dialysis tubing, which was prepared 24 and 72 h before organism exposure. Acute toxicity was assessed as effects on organism mobility, oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species), antioxidative enzyme responses (superoxide dismutase and catalase), as well as the effects on the biotransformation enzyme glutathione S-transferase’s activity.

Results

Under the experimental conditions, the mobility and oxidative status of the daphnids were unaffected, irrespective of the organisms’ age or leaching time. In adults exposed for 24 h, the antioxidant defense enzyme activities were elevated, contributing to cellular homeostasis maintenance. However, the catalase activity was reduced for neonates and adults exposed to the prolonged pre-leached treatment, thus making them less capable of retaining homeostasis when exposed to toxicant mixtures.

Conclusion

This study highlights the vulnerability of D. magna to polystyrene leachate and underscores the need for continued research on the ecotoxicological effects of plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Findings from this investigation contribute to understanding the ecological consequences of plastic pollution, which can inform mitigation strategies and policy decisions to preserve the health and integrity of freshwater ecosystems.
Obesity and Obesity-Related Thyroid Dysfunction: Any Potential Role for the Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD)?
Authors: Chapela Sebastián Pablo , Simancas-Racines Alison , Ceriani Florencia , Martinuzzi Andrés Luciano Nicolas , Russo María Paula , Zambrano Ana Karina , Simancas-Racines Daniel , Verde Ludovica , Muscogiuri Giovanna , Katsanos Christos S. , Frias-Toral Evelyn , Barrea Luigi
Published: March 2024

Purpose of Review

This review aims to explore in-depth the different aspects of the association between very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), obesity and obesity-related thyroid dysfunction.

Recent Findings

The VLCKD, proposed as a non-pharmacological strategy for the management of certain chronic diseases, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. Initially used to treat epilepsy, it has been shown to be effective in controlling body weight gain and addressing various pathophysiological conditions. Research has shown that a low-calorie, high-fat diet can affect thyroid hormone levels. Weight loss can also influence thyroid hormone levels. Studies have suggested that long-term use of VLCKD for refractory epilepsy may be related to the development of hypothyroidism, with an effect seen in various populations. In particular, women with obesity following VLCKD tend to have reduced T3 levels.

We propose further research to unravel the underlying mechanisms linking VLCKD to obesity and obesity-related thyroid dysfunction.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms in Individuals with a Primary Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhong Qing , Porter Melanie
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) represent two of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental conditions, with prevalence rates of 5–7% and 0.6–1%, respectively. Despite their conceptually distinct phenotypes, ADHD and ASD are highly comorbid. This review is aimed at examining and synthesising the prevalence and profile of ASD-like symptoms in individuals with a primary diagnosis of ADHD across the lifespan in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-5; APA, 2013) diagnostic criteria.

Methods

This systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, as discussed by (Moher et al. in PLOS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097, 2009; Page et al. in Systematic Reviews, 10(1), 89, 2021). Studies were identified through a systematic literature search of the databases: PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, and Scopus (N = 12,633). Articles were critically appraised according to established quality methodology criteria, and findings were summarised using narrative synthesis.

Results and Conclusion

A total of nine studies (ADHD individuals n = 548) were identified and included in the review. Of these studies, three were classified as having ‘good’ methodological quality, five as ‘fair’, and one as ‘poor’. These studies varied considerably in their methodological approach and assessment procedures. Overall, higher levels of ASD symptoms were found in individuals with ADHD compared to the general population. There was considerable variation in the reported prevalence of clinically significant ASD symptoms in individuals with ADHD, ranging from 15 to 64.3%. Clinical implications and considerations for further research are discussed.
Meta learning-based few-shot intrusion detection for 5G-enabled industrial internet
Authors: Yan Yu , Yang Yu , Shen Fang , Gao Minna , Gu Yuheng
Published: March 2024

With the formation and popularization of the 5G-enabled industrial internet, cybersecurity risks are increasing, and the limited number of attack samples, such as zero-day, leaves a short response time for security protectors, making it substantially more difficult to protect industrial control systems from new types of malicious attacks. Traditional supervised intrusion detection models rely on a large number of samples for training and their performance needs to be improved. Therefore, there is an urgent need for few-shot intrusion detection. Aiming at the above problems, this paper proposes a detection model based on a meta-learning framework, which aims to effectively improve the accuracy and real-time performance of intrusion detection, and designs a meta-learning intrusion detection model containing a sample generation module, a feature mapping module and a feature metric module. Among them, the sample generation module introduces the residual block into the Natural GAN and proposes a new method to generate high-quality antagonistic samples—Res-Natural GAN, which is used to enhance the antagonism of the generated samples and the feature mining degree, to improve the accuracy of malicious traffic detection; the feature mapping module proposes a new attention mechanism, the multi-head fast attention mechanism, which is applied to the encoder structure of the transformer and combined with a parameter optimization algorithm based on particle swarm mutation to shorten the mapping time and improve the real-time performance of the model while mapping the features effectively; the feature metric module proposes a prototype structure based on a prototype storage update algorithm and combines it with a prototype network to achieve correct classification by measuring the Euclidean distance between the detected samples and the class of prototypes, and to shorten the inference time while ensuring the detection accuracy; finally, the three modules are combined to form a real-time meta-learning intrusion detection model. To evaluate the proposed model, five different types of experiments are conducted on multiple public datasets. The experimental results show that the model has higher detection accuracy than the traditional model for both few-shot and zero-shot malicious attacks, and is not only applicable to 5G-enabled industrial internet, but also generalized to different network environments and attack types.
Forecasting implied volatilities of currency options with machine learning techniques and econometrics models
Authors: Olsen Asbjørn , Djupskås Gard , de Lange Petter Eilif , Risstad Morten
Published: March 2024

Developing an effective modeling framework to minimize foreign exchange (FX) risk is of vital importance for hedgers and traders in FX markets. In this study, we compare the ability of long short-term memory (LSTM) models to that of random forest and several time series models for forecasting EURUSD implied volatility across the volatility surface. As our literature study argues, there are only a few published papers on this subject. We find that the LSTM model is the best model for shorter option maturities, while the AR-GARCH model is superior when the maturities increase. We observe that the LSTM model is able to capture immense and immediate changes in implied volatility, which is important for hedging against significant shifts in FX rates.
Developing a Framework for Self-regulatory Governance in Healthcare AI Research: Insights from South Korea
Authors: Kim Junhewk , Kim So Yoon , Kim Eun-Ae , Sim Jin-Ah , Lee Yuri , Kim Hannah
Published: March 2024

This paper elucidates and rationalizes the ethical governance system for healthcare AI research, as outlined in the ‘Research Ethics Guidelines for AI Researchers in Healthcare’ published by the South Korean government in August 2023. In developing the guidelines, a four-phase clinical trial process was expanded to six stages for healthcare AI research: preliminary ethics review (stage 1); creating datasets (stage 2); model development (stage 3); training, validation, and evaluation (stage 4); application (stage 5); and post-deployment monitoring (stage 6). Researchers identified similarities between clinical trials and healthcare AI research, particularly in research subjects, management and regulations, and application of research results. In the step-by-step articulation of ethical requirements, this similarity benefits from a reliable and flexible use of existing research ethics governance resources, research management, and regulatory functions. In contrast to clinical trials, this procedural approach to healthcare AI research governance effectively highlights the distinct characteristics of healthcare AI research in research and development process, evaluation of results, and modifiability of findings. The model exhibits limitations, primarily in its reliance on self-regulation and lack of clear delineation of responsibilities. While formulated through multidisciplinary deliberations, its application in the research field remains untested. To overcome the limitations, the researchers’ ongoing efforts for educating AI researchers and public and the revision of the guidelines are expected to contribute to establish an ethical research governance framework for healthcare AI research in the South Korean context in the future.
Geographers of the Ancient Greek World
Authors: Shipley D. Graham J.
Published: March 2024

Ancient Greek geographical writing is represented not just by the surviving works of the well-known authors Strabo, Pausanias, and Ptolemy, but also by many other texts dating from the Archaic to the Late Antique period. Most of these texts are, however, hard for non-specialists to find, and many have never been translated into English. This volume, the work of an international team of experts, presents the most important thirty-six texts in new, accurate translations. In addition, there are explanatory notes and authoritative introductions to each text, which offer a new understanding of the individual writings and demonstrate their importance: no longer marginal, but in the mainstream of Greek literature and science. The book includes twenty-eight newly drawn maps, images of the medieval manuscripts in which most of these works survive, and a full Introduction providing a comprehensive survey of the field of Greek and Roman geography.
Assessment of Stakeholder Options to Participate in Disputes Over Seabed Mining
Authors: Mascarenhas Viren
Published: March 2024

Exploitative mining in the deep seas is coming, and with it will arrive a new wave of international disputes. Numerous stakeholders will be interested in these disputes, such as those seeking to profit from exploitative mining activity; developing states seeking to benefit from equitable sharing of wealth and lessons learned; and environmentalists all over the world worried about environmental catastrophes that could result from such activity. Stakeholders include the mining contractor, the sponsoring state of the contractor, the International Seabed Authority (ISA) created by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to control mining activity in the deep seas, states (both states parties to UNCLOS and those that are not) and affected communities, which includes Indigenous peoples and climate activists. However, the dispute settlement system of UNCLOS treats these different stakeholders unequally in terms of whether they may be parties to a dispute proceeding and, if so, what claims they may bring. Unsurprisingly, the system excludes non-states parties and non-state entities (apart from the International Seabed Authority and the contractor), such as Indigenous peoples and climate activists, from serving as parties (claimant or respondent) to a dispute. This essay explores the limited ways in which excluded stakeholders nonetheless may be able to participate in a dispute initiated under UNCLOS. Specifically, they may serve as witnesses, experts, or amicus curiae in proceedings before the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), the Seabed Disputes Chamber, or a commercial arbitral tribunal. This essay also advocates for the ISA to establish administrative processes for ongoing monitoring and whistleblower complaints. Such processes would allow excluded stakeholders to submit relevant evidence and information that could—and should—be used in any formal dispute settlement processes initiated by those stakeholders who enjoy direct participatory rights.
Yoga as an Add-on Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease: A Single Group Open-label Trial
Authors: Mailankody Pooja , Kamble Nitish , Bhattacharya Amitabh , Shubha Bhat G.S. , Arumugam Thamodharan , Thennarasu K. , Arasappa Rashmi , Varambally Shivarama , Yadav Ravi , Pal Pramod Kumar
Published: March 2024

Objective:

We aimed to evaluate the effect of yoga on motor and non-motor symptoms and cortical excitability in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Methods:

We prospectively evaluated 17 patients with PD at baseline, after one month of conventional care, and after one month of supervised yoga sessions. The motor and non-motor symptoms were evaluated using the Unified Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale (motor part III), Hoehn and Yahr stage, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Hamilton depression rating scale, Hamilton anxiety rating scale, non-motor symptoms questionnaire and World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to record resting motor threshold, central motor conduction time, ipsilateral silent period (iSP), contralateral silent period (cSP), short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 55.5 ± 10.8 years, with a mean duration of illness of 4.0 ± 2.5 years. The postural stability of the patients significantly improved following yoga (0.59 ± 0.5 to 0.18 ± 0.4, p = 0.039). There was a significant reduction in the cSP from baseline (138.07 ± 27.5 ms) to 4 weeks of yoga therapy (116.94 ± 18.2 ms, p = 0.004). In addition, a significant reduction in SICI was observed after four weeks of yoga therapy (0.22 ± 0.10) to (0.46 ± 0.23), p = 0.004).

Conclusion:

Yoga intervention can significantly improve postural stability in patients with PD. A significant reduction of cSP and SICI suggests a reduction in GABAergic neurotransmission following yoga therapy that may underlie the improvement observed in postural stability.

Clinicaltrialsgov identifier:

CTRI/2019/02/017564
Strategies to promote language inclusion at 17 CTSA hubs
Authors: Sprague Martinez Linda , Araujo Brinkerhoff Cristina , Howard Riana C. , Feldman James A. , Kobetz Erin , White J. Tommy , Tumiel Berhalter Laurene , Bilheimer Alicia , Hoffman Megan , Isasi Carmen R. , Killough Cynthia , Martinez Julia , Chesley Johanna , Baig Arshiya A. , Foy Capri , Islam Nadia , Petruse Antonia , Rosales Carolina , Kipke Michele D. , Baezconde-Garbanati Lourdes , Battaglia Tracy A. , Lobb Rebecca
Published: March 2024

The prioritization of English language in clinical research is a barrier to translational science. We explored promising practices to advance the inclusion of people who speak languages other than English in research conducted within and supported by NIH Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs. Key informant interviews were conducted with representatives (n = 24) from CTSA hubs (n = 17). Purposive sampling was used to identify CTSA hubs focused on language inclusion. Hubs electing to participate were interviewed via Zoom. Thematic analysis was performed to analyze interview transcripts. We report on strategies employed by hubs to advance linguistic inclusion and influence institutional change that were identified. Strategies ranged from translations, development of culturally relevant materials and consultations to policies and procedural changes and workforce initiatives. An existing framework was adapted to conceptualize hub strategies. Language justice is paramount to bringing more effective treatments to all people more quickly. Inclusion will require institutional transformation and CTSA hubs are well positioned to catalyze change.
Feasibility of regional center telehealth visits utilizing a rural research network in people with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Virmani Tuhin , Pillai Lakshmi , Smith Veronica , Glover Aliyah , Abrams Derek , Farmer Phillip , Syed Shorabuddin , Spencer Horace J. , Kemp Aaron , Barron Kendall , Murray Tammaria , Morris Brenda , Bowers Bendi , Ward Angela , Imus Terri , Larson-Prior Linda J. , Lotia Mitesh , Prior Fred
Published: March 2024

Background:

Impaired motor and cognitive function can make travel cumbersome for People with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD). Over 50% of PwPD cared for at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) Movement Disorders Clinic reside over 30 miles from Little Rock. Improving access to clinical care for PwPD is needed.

Objective:

To explore the feasibility of remote clinic-to-clinic telehealth research visits for evaluation of multi-modal function in PwPD.

Methods:

PwPD residing within 30 miles of a UAMS Regional health center were enrolled and clinic-to-clinic telehealth visits were performed. Motor and non-motor disease assessments were administered and quantified. Results were compared to participants who performed at-home telehealth visits using the same protocols during the height of the COVID pandemic.

Results:

Compared to the at-home telehealth visit group (n = 50), the participants from regional centers (n = 13) had similar age and disease duration, but greater disease severity with higher total Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale scores (Z = −2.218, p = 0.027) and lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (Z = −3.350, p < 0.001). Regional center participants had lower incomes (Pearson’s chi = 21.3, p < 0.001), higher costs to attend visits (Pearson’s chi = 16.1, p = 0.003), and lived in more socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods (Z = −3.120, p = 0.002). Prior research participation was lower in the regional center group (Pearson’s chi = 4.5, p = 0.034) but both groups indicated interest in future research participation.

Conclusions:

Regional center research visits in PwPD in medically underserved areas are feasible and could help improve access to care and research participation in these traditionally underrepresented populations.
On crosswords and jigsaw puzzles: the epistemic limits of the EU Courts and a board of appeal in handling empirical uncertainty
Authors: Krajewski Michał
Published: March 2024

This Article sheds new light on the long-running debate in EU legal studies about how intense the EU judicial review of complex and uncertain assessments requiring specialist knowledge could and should be. It argues that it is necessary to move beyond formulas and concepts hammered out in the judicial statements of reasons and consider how the institutional context affects legal epistemology. How likely is it that the judges form an independent opinion about the probative value of the presented evidence and the soundness of the administration’s specialist reasoning? How likely is it that their opinion is reliable? Answering these questions helps appraise the boundaries in which judicial review or proliferating administrative review by partly specialised boards of appeal foster the rule of law understood as the pursuit of non-arbitrariness. The Article examines recent case law of the EU Courts and the Board of Appeal of the European Chemical Agency concerning public health and environmental issues, in which complex and uncertain specialist assessments were prevalent. It contends that, due to institutional limitations of EU adjudicatory bodies, a further expansion of the rule of law in EU decision-making requiring specialist knowledge should be pursued through extra-judicial means fostering transparency, inclusiveness, and accountability.
The role of deubiquitinases in cardiac disease
Authors: Zhan Xiaona , Yang Yi , Li Qing , He Fan
Published: March 2024

Deubiquitinases are a group of proteins that identify and digest monoubiquitin chains or polyubiquitin chains attached to substrate proteins, preventing the substrate protein from being degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Deubiquitinases regulate cellular autophagy, metabolism and oxidative stress by acting on different substrate proteins. Recent studies have revealed that deubiquitinases act as a critical regulator in various cardiac diseases, and control the onset and progression of cardiac disease through a board range of mechanism. This review summarizes the function of different deubiquitinases in cardiac disease, including cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus-related cardiac disease. Besides, this review briefly recapitulates the role of deubiquitinases modulators in cardiac disease, providing the potential therapeutic targets in the future.