bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Type-3c Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes of Exocrine Pancreas - An Update
Authors: Bhattamisra Subrat Kumar , Siang Tiew Chin , Rong Chieng Yi , Annan Naveenya Chetty , Sean Esther Ho Yung , Xi Lim Wen , Lyn Ong Siu , Shan Liew Hui , Choudhury Hira , Pandey Manisha , Gorain Bapi
Published: January 2019

Background:

The incidence of diabetes is increasing steeply; the number of diabetics has doubled over the past three decades. Surprisingly, the knowledge of type 3c diabetes mellitus (T3cDM) is still unclear to the researchers, scientist and medical practitioners, leading towards erroneous diagnosis, which is sometimes misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), or more frequently type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review is aimed to outline recent information on the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic management of T3cDM patients.

Methods:

The literature related to T3cDM was thoroughly searched from the public domains and reviewed extensively to construct this article. Further, existing literature related to the other forms of diabetes is reviewed for projecting the differences among the different forms of diabetes. Detailed and updated information related to epidemiological evidence, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, pathogenesis and management is structured in this review.

Results:

T3cDM is often misdiagnosed as T2DM due to the insufficient knowledge differentiating between T2DM and T3cDM. The pathogenesis of T3cDM is explained which is often linked to the history of chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer. Inflammation, and fibrosis in pancreatic tissue lead to damage both endocrine and exocrine functions, thus leading to insulin/glucagon insufficiency and pancreatic enzyme deficiency.

Conclusion:

Future advancements should be accompanied by the establishment of a quick diagnostic tool through the understanding of potential biomarkers of the disease and newer treatments for better control of the diseased condition.
Circulating miRNA-21 and miRNA-23a Expression Signature as Potential Biomarkers for Early Detection of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hetta Helal Fouad , Zahran Asmaa Mohammad , Shafik Engy A. , El-Mahdy Reham I. , Mohamed Nahed A. , Nabil Emad Eldin , Esmaeel Hend M. , Alkady Ola A. , Elkady Azza , Mohareb Dina A. , Hosni Amal , Mostafa Mohammed Mahmoud , Elkady Abeer
Published: January 2019

Background and Aim:

Lung Cancer (LC) is a major cancer killer worldwide, and 5-yr survival is extremely poor (≤15%), accentuating the need for more effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Studies have shown cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs) circulating in the serum and plasma with specific expression in cancer, indicating the potential of using miRNAs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapy. This study aimed to identify differentially-expressed two miRNAs in the plasma of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients that might be a clinically useful tool for lung cancer early detection. miRNA-21 is one of the most abundant oncomirs. miRNA-23a functions as an oncogene in several human cancers, however, its clinical value has not been investigated in NSCLC.

Materials and Methods:

A case-control study was conducted in Assiut University Hospital, Egypt, from 2017 to 2018. Plasma samples were obtained from 45 NSCLC patients. The expression level of miR-21 and miRNA-23a was detected by qRT-PCR and compared to 40 healthy control subjects. The relation between both miRNAs and clinicopathological parameters was evaluated.

Results:

The expression level of miR-21 and miRNA-23a was significantly up-regulated (36.9 ± 18.7 vs. 1.12 ± 0.84 and 24.7 ± 19.09 vs. 1.16 ± 0.45) in NSCLC compared to matched controls (P<0.0001each). There was a significant difference in the level of plasma miRNA-21 and miRNA- 23a expression between the different grades of the disease (P = 0.032 and P = 0.001, respectively). The plasma miRNA-21 and miRNA-23a levels in the lung cancer patients with distant metastasis (n = 20) were significantly higher than those in the patients without metastasis (n = 25) (P<0.0001 each), the expression of miR-21 and miRNA-23a was significantly associated with tumor size (P = 0.001, P = 0.0001, respectively), but not significantly related to lymph node metastasis (P = 0.687 and 0.696, respectively). A positive correlation was observed between miRNA-21 and miRNA-23a (r = 0.784, P<0.01), There was no significant difference in the plasma miRNA-21 and miRNA-23a levels in the lung cancer patients with different histopathological types.

Conclusion:

miR-21 and miR-23a might play an oncogenic role in LC and is a poor prognostic factor. Switching off miRNA-21 and miRNA-23a may improve the treatment of LC. Our results must be verified by large-scale prospective studies with standardized methodology.
Recent Patents Applications in Red Biotechnology: A Mini-Review
Authors: Graciano Raíssa C.D. , Ribeiro Júlia A.T. , Macêdo Anderson K.S. , de S. Lavareda José Paulo , de Oliveira Pedro R. , Netto Jairo B. , Nogueira Laís M. , Machado Juliana M. , Camposda-Paz Mariana , Giunchetti Rodolfo C. , Galdino Alexsandro S.
Published: January 2019

Background:

The different fields of biotechnology can be classified by colors, as a
"rainbow" methodology. In this sense, the red biotechnology, focused on the preservation of
health, has been outstanding in helping to solve this challenge through the provision of technologies,
including diagnostic kits, molecular diagnostics, vaccines, innovations in cancer research,
therapeutic antibodies and stem cells.

Objective:

The main goal of this work is to highlight the different areas within the red Biotechnology.
In this sense, we revised some patents regarding red biotechnology as examples to cover this
subject.

Methods:

A literature search of patents was performed from the followings Patents Database:
INPI, USPTO, Esp@cenet, WIPO and Google Patents.

Results:

Our analysis showed the following numbers from patents found: cancer research (8), diagnosis
kit (9), vaccines (8), stem cells (9) and therapeutic antibodies (5), where the United States
is the leader for most filled patents in Red Biotechnology.

Conclusion:

This mini-review has provided an update of some patents on Recent Patents in Red
Biotechnology. As far as we know, this is the first mini-review report on Red Biotechnology
based on patents.
Explicaciones de la migración calificada: el papel de las mujeres desde la experiencia norteamericana. Estereotipos, sesgos y desafíos
Authors: Gandini Luciana
Published: January 2019

Las explicaciones de las migraciones calificadas han seguido un cause propio, relativamente distanciado de las explicaciones téoricas de las migraciones en general sin haber establecido un diálogo cercano, reproduciendo y no discutiendo lo suficiente categorías, conceptos y supuestos que replican estereotipos de género. Con base en la revisión de elementos empíricos evidenciados en la migración de personas calificadas en la región de norteamérica, en particular entre México y Estados Unidos, el artículo propone recoger aquellos elementos que abonan a la premisa planteada.
Sublingual route for systemic drug delivery
Authors: Pawar Poonam P , Ghorpade Hemant S , Kokane Bhavana A.
Published: January 2019

Drug delivery via the oral mucous membrane is considered to be a promising alternative to the oral route. Sublingual route is a rapid onset of action and better patient compliance than orally ingested tablets. Sublingual literally meaning is “under the tongue”, administrating substance via mouth in such a way that the substance is rapidly absorbed via blood vessels under tongue. The portion of drug absorbed through the sublingual blood vessels bypasses the hepatic first‐pass metabolic processes giving acceptable bioavailability.  Sublingual technology is convenient for dosing in geriatric, pediatric and psychiatric patients with dysphagia. Sublingual drug delivery shows fast therapeutic action than orally ingested drugs with fewer side effects. This review highlights advantages, disadvantages, different sublingual Gland, sublingual formulation such as tablets, films drops, sprays etc, evaluation parameters.

Keywords: Sublingual delivery, dysphagia, sublingual gland, improved bioavailability, evaluations.
Formulation development and optimization of fast dissolving film containing carvedilol nanocrystals for improved bioavailability
Authors: Sharma Anju , Sriganesan P
Published: January 2019

In this work, fast dissolving films (FDF) were prepared using nanocrystal formulations in order to optimise dissolution properties of lipophilic, poorly soluble drug Cavedilol. Drug nanocrystals are crystals with a size in the nanometer range, meaning that they are nanoparticles with a crystalline character. Carvedilol nanosuspensions were prepared using a high-pressure homogenizer, and then encapsulated in to films by solvent casting method using polymers such as maltodextrin and PVA in different concentrations. Propylene glycol used as a plasticizer. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the formulation of FDF containing Carvedilol nanocrystals for enhanced bioavailability and better compliance. The formulation of FDF was optimized by Box-Behnken Design (BBD) (design expert 11.03).In this design, 13 formulas were performed. One of the formula were suggested by design expert desirability = 1.

Keywords: Carvedilol, Nanocrystal, FDF, Box-bhenken optimization, in-vitro drug dissolution study,
Dimension reduction and classification of hyperspectral images based on neural network sensitivity analysis and multi-instance learning
Authors: Liu Hui , Li Chenming , Xu Lizhong
Published: January 2019

Hyperspectral remote image sensing is a rapidly developing integrated technology used widely in numerous areas. The rich spectral information from hyperspectral images aids in recognition and classification of many types of objects, but the high dimensionality of these images leads to information redundancy. In this paper, we used sensitivity analysis for dimension reduction. However, another challenge is that hyperspectral images identify objects as either a "different body with the same spectrum" or "same body with a different spectrum." Therefore, it is difficult to maintain the correct correspondence between ground objects and samples, which hinders classification of the images. This issue can be addressed using multi-instance learning for classification. In our proposed method, we combined neural network sensitivity analysis with a multiinstance learning algorithm based on a support vector machine to achieve dimension reduction and accurate classification for hyperspectral images. Experimental results demonstrated that our method provided strong overall classification effectiveness when compared with prior methods.
UNITY AND IDENTITY: DECISIVE PRINCIPLES IN THE CATHOLIC THEOLOGY
Authors: VALENCIA PÉREZ Andrés
Published: January 2019

This article is an analysis of the document Theology today: perspectives, principles and criteria published by the International Commission of the Roman Catholic Church. The foundations and principles of Catholic theology as unity and identity, require a permanent turn to the unique message of Christ, a message that we need to announce with courage and conviction. Therefore, it is legitimate to speak about the need for a certain unity of theology. Thus, we must bear in mind that the concept of unity needs to be carefully understood so as not to be confused with uniformity or with an individual style. The unity of theology and the whole Church, as professed in the Creed, must be closely linked to the idea of catholicity, as well as to holiness and apostolicity. Uniqueness and identity come from Christ, Savior of the world. The theology of unity and identity that wants to be Catholic must participate in the catholicity and in the unity of the Church, which ultimately is based on the trinitarian unity of God himself. Theology is catholic in the richness of the plurality of its expressions, protagonists, ideas and contexts and, therefore it is born from the attentive listening of the Word of God, it is incardinated in the communion of the Church and it is oriented to the service of the truth.
Treatment of a collapsible soil using a bentonite–cement mixture
Authors: Bellil Soumia , Abbeche Khelifa , Bahloul Ouassila
Published: January 2019

The study of collapsible soils that are generally encountered in arid and semi-arid regions remains a major issue for geotechnical engineers. This experimental study, carried out on soils reconstituted in the laboratory, aims firstly to present a method of reducing the collapse potential to an acceptable level by treating them with different levels of bentonite–cement mixture while maintaining the water content and degree of compactness, thus reducing eventual risks for the structures implanted on these soils. Furthermore, a microscopic study using scanning electron microscopy was carried out to explore the microstructure of the soil in order to have an idea of the phenomena before and after treatment. The results show that treatment with a bentonite–cement mixture improves the geotechnical and mechanical characteristics, modifies the chemical composition of the soil, reduces the collapse potential and the consistency limits. The microstructural study and the X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis clearly illustrate an association of elementary particles in the soil aggregates, whereby the arrangement of these aggregates leads to the formation of a dense and stable material.
Stress states caused in chamber of reinforced concrete grain silo by non-centric emptying on large eccentricities
Authors: Anna Prusiel Jolanta , Gierej Krzysztof
Published: January 2019

The article presents the analysis of complex stress states in the concrete structure of grain silos, caused by non-centric emptying. The authors present a combination of loads from the pressure of bulk solid on the silo chamber according to Eurocode 1, Part 4 [11], which should be taken into account when emptying on large eccentricities in action assessment class 3 (AAC3) silos. For the example of a cylindrical wheat silo with a height of 25 m and a diameter of 10 m, the researchers carried out an analysis regarding the impact of the size of the eccentric discharge outlet on the distributions of forces and bending moments in a reinforced concrete wall.
PENCARIAN LOKASI RUMAH SAKIT DI KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO DENGAN METODA DJIKSTRA BERBASIS SPASIAL
Authors: Sarwo Setyohadi Dwi Putro , Rizaldi Taufiq
Published: January 2019

Perkembangan ilmu dibidang teknologi komputer telah membawa manfaat yang sangat besar bagi penyebaran informasi. Selain sebagai sumber informasi, komputer juga dimanfaatkan sebagai sarana penentu letak geografis pada suatu wilayah. BanyakÂ  sekaliÂ  aplikasiâ€“aplikasi yangÂ  dapatÂ  ditanganiÂ  olehÂ  sistem informasi geografis, Di antaranya adalah padaÂ  bidangÂ  rumah sakit yang dapatÂ  dilakukanÂ  denganÂ  bantuan SIGÂ  adalah informasi letak dan jalur untuk menuju lokasi rumah sakit. Pencarian jalur sangat diperlukan bagi pengguna jalan yang tidak tahu jalan mana yang akan dilalui agar sampai ke tempat tujuannya dalam suatu kota. Penghematan waktu dan biaya menjadi faktor lain yang mengharuskan pengguna jalan mencari suatu jalur yang terpendek agar lebih cepat sampai ke tempat tujuan. Oleh karena hal itulah maka pencarian jalur terpendek menjadi suatu permasalahan yang patut untuk diselesaikan secara komputerisasi dengan kecerdasan buatan. Dari permasalahan tersebut, Dirancang suatu sistem yang dapat memetakan tempat rumah sakit di kabupaten Probolinggo. Sehingga dapat membantu masyarakat dalam mencari letak dan kecamatan terdekat menuju lokasi rumah sakit. Pemetaan dan informasi rumah sakit ini akan diangkat pada penlitian yang berjudul " PENCARIAN LOKASI RUMAH SAKIT DI KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO DENGAN METODA DJIKSTRA BERBASIS SPASIAL".
RANCIÃˆRE AND THE RECUPERATION OF POLITICS
Authors: Olivier Bert
Published: January 2019

Â In the work of Jacques RanciÃ¨re one encounters a welcome and uncompromising return to the question of the political, or politics proper, as opposed to politics in the ordinary sense of the word. For RanciÃ¨re, the political is something irreducible, where the fundamental equality of all human subjects manifests itself, while customary politics is the perversion of the political in as far as it covers up this equality and institutes in its place a hierarchical arrangement of the polis. Hence RanciÃ¨reâ€™s claim that customary politics is the work of what he calls the â€œpoliceâ€ (not with the usual meaning), which here represents the agency that parcels out the polis according to the interests of those who have a â€œpartâ€ in it. RanciÃ¨reâ€™s concern, however, is for the part of the de-mos, or those â€œwith no partâ€, who are at once excluded from politics and immanent to it as its constant other, or shadow. This paper explores the implications of RanciÃ¨reâ€™s radicalisation of the notion of the â€œpoliticalâ€ â€“ or â€œpoliticsâ€ in the sense of the democratic pursuit of equality â€“ for the hierarchical, consensual realm of (pseudo-) politics under the â€œpoliceâ€, and for the prospects of democracy, especially considering the role of what RanciÃ¨re calls â€œdissensusâ€.
DECOLONISATION OF THE AFRICAN MIND AND INTELLECTUAL LANDSCAPE
Authors: Oelofsen Rianna
Published: January 2019

This paper deals with the question of what the goal of African philosophy ought to be. It will argue that African philosophy ought to be instrumental in the project of decolonising the African mind. In order to argue for this conclusion, there will be an investigation with regards to what it might mean to decolonise oneâ€™s mind, and, more precisely, what the relationship is between the decolonisation of the mind and the decolonisation of the intellectual landscape. The intellectual landscape refers to universities and other institutions of knowledge production. The claim is that the decolonisation of the intellectual landscape will result in the decolonisation of the mind. It will be argued that African philosophy has the ability to develop concepts with their roots in Africa, and that this is African philosophyâ€™s main project if taken from a perspective of understanding of African philosophy as â€œphilosophy-in-placeâ€. The development of concepts rooted in Africa has the prospect of working towards the decolonisation of the African intellectual landscape and so eventually the African mind. As a philosophy which aims for health, African philosophy therefore has a responsibility to focus on such a development of concepts rooted in Africa.
Helical Structures of Cyclopentene-based α,α-Disubstituted α-Amino Acid Homopeptides
Authors: Tanaka Masakazu , Yakabi Haruka , Nakatani Haruki , Ueda Atsushi , Doi Mitsunobu , Oba Makoto
Published: January 2019

The cyclopentene-based α,α-disubstituted α-amino acid Ac5c= and its homopeptides, up to nonapeptides, were synthesized. The side-chain cyclopentene was expected to become symmetric, the Cα-carbon to be puckered, and other Cβ, Cβ', Cγ, Cγ'-carbons to be coplanar. As expected, side-chain cyclopentene conformations became symmetric and Cα-carbons were puckered. Conformational studies using FT-IR absorption, 1H NMR spectra, and X-ray crystallographic analyses revealed that Ac5c= homopeptides did not form a planar conformation, but assumed a 310-helical structure, similar to cyclopentane-based α,α-disubstituted α-amino acid homopeptides.
Synthesis of Oxygenated ortho-Methylbenzaldehydes via Aryne [2+2] Cycloaddition and Benzocyclobutenol Ring Opening
Authors: Maturi Mark M. , Ohmori Ken , Suzuki Keisuke
Published: January 2019

Herein, a two-step procedure for the preparation of oxygenated ortho-methylbenzaldehyde derivatives, starting from commercially available bromoarenes, is described. The synthesis features the simultaneous and highly regioselective installation of both the methyl and the formyl
group onto the benzene core via benzyne [2+2] cycloadditions with acetaldehyde lithium enolate to give the corresponding benzocyclobutenols in high yields. Bond-selective ring opening of the benzocyclobutenols under basic conditions in methanol delivers the title compounds.
Chemistry of 1,2-Anhydro Sugars
Authors: Li Gefei , Noguchi Masato , Serizawa Kazunari , Shoda Shin-Ichiro
Published: January 2019

The 1,2-anhydro sugars are a class of valuable and versatile intermediates in carbohydrate chemistry. In the first part of this article, a review is given on preparation methods of 1,2-anhydro sugars that are suitably protected. Protected 1,2-anhydro sugars have been widely used as
glycosyl donors for the synthesis of glycosyl compounds such as oligosaccharides and nucleosides. In the second part, a brief history and the chemistry of unprotected 1,2-anhydro sugars is described. In the past few years, our research group has developed protection-free methods for synthesis
of glycosyl compounds through unprotected 1,2-anhydro sugars as reactive intermediates based on the concept of 'direct anomeric activation'. In this article, the one-step preparation of glycosyl compounds such as thioglycoside derivatives and glycosyl azides by using formamidinium-type
dehydrating agents is presented. Furthermore, the initial results on the first detection of unprotected 1,2-anhydro sugar intermediates by NMR measurements are shown along with their full structure characterizations.
Vinylidene ortho-Quinone Methides: Unique Chiral Reaction Intermediates in Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Arae Sachie , Furusawa Masaki , Beppu Shota , Igawa Kazunobu , Tomooka Katsuhiko , Irie Ryo
Published: January 2019

Vinylidene ortho-quinone methides (VQMs) are one-carbon elongated homologues of ortho-quinone methides (QMs), well-known as useful reaction intermediates in organic transformations. These related quinone methides are quite distinct in terms of stereochemistry.
Namely, VQMs are characterized by an exocyclic allenyl ketone unit merged with a dearomatized ring system and thus, can be rendered axially chiral by locating a substituent properly at the terminal methylene group of the allene moiety. It should be also noted that VQMs are tautomers
of ortho-ethynylphenols and these isomeric species are correlated through a proton-shift (tautomerization). Focusing on these stereochemical and structural features, we have pursued the development of unprecedented asymmetric reactions involving enantioenriched VQM intermediates
generated by chiral-base-catalyzed tautomerization of the ethynylphenol precursors. Indeed, commonly used chiral base catalysts such as cinchonine (CN) and cinchonidine (CD) have been successfully demonstrated to be effective to this end. In this account, we wish to briefly describe
our recent studies on the asymmetric syntheses of optically active indeno[1,2-c]chromenes, benzofuro[3,2-b]indeno[1,2-c]chromenes, and benzo[a]carbazoles, based on the catalytic enantioselective generation of VQMs with CN or CD and the stereocontrolled
intramolecular follow-up cyclization with tethered alkynes, benzofurans, and indoles, respectively.
Discovery of New AKT1 Inhibitors by Combination of In silico Structure Based Virtual Screening Approaches and Biological Evaluations
Authors: Fratev Filip , Gutierrez Denisse A. , Aguilera Renato J. , sirimulla suman
Published: January 2019

AKT1 is emerging as a useful target for treating cancer. Herein, we discovered a new set of ligands that inhibit the AKT1, as shown by in vitro binding and cell line studies, using a newly designed virtual screening protocol that combines structure-based pharmacophore and docking screens. Taking together with the biological data, the combination of structure based pharamcophore and docking methods demonstrated reasonable success rate in identifying new inhibitors (60-70%) proving the success of aforementioned approach. A detail analysis of the ligand-protein interactions was performed explaining observed activities.
Women education in rural India
Authors: Jain Paras , Agarwal Rishu , Billaiya Roshni , Devi Jamuna
Published: January 2019

In India, the status of the girl child has been a subject of much discussion, contro­versy, and debate. From the start, girl children are seen as burdens rather than blessings, bearers of exorbitant dowries, who will eventually move into the homes of their husbands. There are some overwhelming cultural and economic reasons why female children are not receiving the same medical, emotional, and educational attention as their male counterparts. The result is a low literacy rate among women in rural areas. There has been an increasing proportion of women, who are literate in just 20 years. Despite the improvements, there continues to be a large gap between the educational levels of men and women in rural India. The present study is focused on status, causes, and recommendations for rural women education.
Chemical Contaminants from Plastics in the Animal Environment
Authors: Gorence Galen J , Pulcastro Hannah C , Lawson Crystal A , Gerona Roy R , Friesen Matthew , Horan Tegan S , Gieske Mary C , Sartain Caroline V , Hunt Patricia A
Published: January 2019

Accidental exposure of our mice to bisphenol A (BPA) from damaged polycarbonate cages 20 y ago provided some of the first evidence of the harmful effects of exposure to this common chemical. Recently we found that housing mice in damaged polysulfone cages resulted in similar harmful
effects due to exposure to bisphenol S (BPS). This problem was unexpected for 2 reasons. First, polysulfone is a far more chemically resistant polymer than polycarbonate. Second, BPS is not a component in the manufacture of polysulfone. We report here our efforts to verify the source of the
BPS and eliminate the exposure. Our analysis of new polysulfone caging materials confirmed that BPS is a breakdown product of damaged polysulfone plastic. Furthermore, we found that BPS can cross-contaminate new or undamaged cages in facilities that process damaged caging materials. Neither
the use of disposable cages nor replacement of caging materials used solely for our colony was sufficient to eliminate exposure effects. Only the replacement of all cages and water bottles in the facility corrected the problem and allowed us to resume our studies. Taken together, our previous
and current findings underscore the concern that chemicals from plastics are harmful environmental contaminants for both humans and animals. Furthermore, our results provide strong evidence that the presence of damaged plastic in a facility may be sufficient to affect research results and, by extension, animal health.
Pengaruh Relaksasi Otot Progresif Terhadap Tingkat Stress pada Remaja di Lapas Anak Blitar
Authors: Ariyanto Eko April
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to proves if there is a relaxation effect on reducing stress in adolescents who live in prison of child Blitar. The study design used was post test only group design with adolescent subjects who were undergoing punishment in prison of child Blitar. Total of subject 61 adolescents divided into 31 control group and the experimental group of 30 selected by random sampling. Research data collect with DSI Scale (Daily Stress Inventory) were prepared by Brandey & Jones (1989), and self-report were reported at the time before and after the implementation of relaxation. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical nonparamentrik Mann Whitney U test. Statistical test results show the value of Z = 416.500 at p = 0.484 (p> 0.05). This shows that the data post-test between the control group and the experimental group showed no significant difference. Therefore the research hypothesis which says there is a relaxation effect can reducing the level of stress in prison of child Blitar not proven.
Starting Early: The Benefits of Attending Early Childhood Education Programs at Age 3
Authors: Ansari Arya , Pianta Robert C. , Whittaker Jessica V. , Vitiello Virginia E. , Ruzek Erik A.
Published: January 2019

This investigation considered the short-term benefits of early childhood education participation at age 3 for 1,213 children from low-income families living in a large and linguistically diverse county. Although no benefits emerged for executive functioning, children who participated in formal early childhood programs at the age of 3 entered prekindergarten the following year demonstrating stronger academic skills and less optimal social behavior than their peers with no earlier educational experience. However, these academic benefits were short-lived and did not persist through the end of prekindergarten, in large part because children who did not attend these programs at age 3 caught up with their classmates who did. Roughly a quarter of this convergence in academics was attributed to children’s subsequent classroom experiences.
Güvercinde (Columbidae columbiformes) Pekten Okulinin Histomorfolojik Yapısı
Authors: KORKMAZ Deniz
Published: January 2019

Yapılan çalışmada güvercinde pekten okulinin histomorfolojik olarak araştırılması ve diğer kanatlı türleriyle farklılıklarının ortaya konulması amaçlandı. Çalışma materyalini Veteriner Fakültesi Hayvan Hastanesine getirilen ve kurtarılamayan iki adet güvercinlerden alınan sağlıklı göz dokusu örnekleri oluşturdu. Alınan doku örnekleri %10’luk nötral tamponlu formalin solüsyonunda 24 saat tespit edildi. Rutin doku takip işlemlerinden sonra bloklanan örneklerden seri kesitler alındı. Alınan bu kesitler Crossman’ın üçlü boyama yöntemiyle boyanarak araştırma mikroskobunda incelendi. Diğer kanatlı türlerinde olduğu gibi güvercinde de pekten okulinin nervus optikusun retinaya giriş bölgesinden vitreusa doğru uzandığı tespit edildi. Diğer kanatlılardan farklı olarak güvercinde pekten okulinin oturduğu kalın bazal laminada retinanın tamamıyla kopuntuya uğramadığı, optik sinir telleri katının bir süre daha devam ettiği görüldü. Pektenin oturduğu bazal kısımda büyük çaplı damarlara rastlandı. Bu damarların koroidden gelen damardan köken aldığı belirlendi. Bazalden apikale doğru gidildikçe damar çaplarının küçüldüğü tespit edildi. Bu nedenle damarlar çaplarına göre primer, sekonder ve tersiyer damarlar olarak sınıflandırıldı. Sınıflandırılan her damar grubundan rastgele örnekleme yöntemiyle 20 tanesinin çapları ölçülerek, ortalama damar çapı değerleri elde edildi. Pektenin bazal kısmında ayrıca az miktarda melanositlere de rastlandı. Bu melanositlerin de koroidin lamina vaskulozasında bulunan melanositlerden köken almış olabileceği düşünüldü. Pektenin apikale doğru uzanan kıvrımlarında damarlar ve melanositlerin yanı sıra pekteneal hyalositlere de rastlandı. Yapılan çalışmada elde edilen bulgular ile güvercin pekten okulisinde pekten damarlarının ve melanositlerin koroidden köken aldığı ilk olarak kanıtlanmış bulunmaktadır.
Prejudice-Relevant Correlates of Attitudes Towards Refugees: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cowling Misha Mei , Anderson Joel , Ferguson Rose
Published: January 2019

This paper meta-analyses the available data on attitudes towards refugees and asylum seekers, with the aim of estimating effect sizes for the relationships between these attitudes and prejudice-relevant correlates. Seventy studies (Ntotal = 13,720) were located using systematic database searches and calls for unpublished data. In the case of demographic factors, being male, religious, nationally identified, politically conservative, and less educated were associated with negative attitudes (Fisher’s zs = 0.11, 0.17, 0.18, 0.21, & -0.16, respectively). For ideological factors, increases in right-wing authoritarianism and social-dominance orientations correlated with negative attitudes, while the endorsement of macro (but not micro) justice principles were associated with positive attitudes (Fisher’s zs = 0.50, 0.50, -0.29, & 0.00 respectively). Perceptions of refugees as symbolic and realistic threats were the strongest correlates of negative attitudes (Fisher’s zs = 0.98, & 1.11, respectively). These findings have contributed to the growing body of knowledge that endeavors to understand the antecedents of refugee-specific prejudice, and are discussed in light of the global refugee crisis.
A prática esportiva como uma atividade potencialmente promotora de resiliência
Authors: Meyer Sanches Simone
Published: January 2019

Na Psicologia o termo resiliência se tornou um conceito de fundamental importância, ao buscar investigar como algumas crianças, mesmo vivendo em ambientes hostis, conseguem superar as dificuldades e apresentar padrões adaptados de normalidade, sendo então consideradas resilientes (Poletto & Koller, 2002). O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar como a prática esportiva pode ser uma atividade potencialmente promotora de resiliência. Os participantes foram 11 adolescentes de uma instituição localizada em Campinas-SP, que ensina a prática do atletismo. Foi utilizado um instrumento denominado Mapa dos Cinco Campos (Samuelson, Therlund & Ringstron, 1996), que avalia a rede de apoio social e afetivo, associado a uma entrevista semi-estruturada. Os resultados apontaram que o campo referente ao projeto de atletismo foi o que obteve o maior número de pessoas citadas e o maior Fator de Proximidade. Identificou-se que a maioria dos participantes considera tanto o seu técnico quanto os colegas do projeto muito próximos de si. Os dados qualitativos destacaram muitas outras contribuições do projeto, como a maior aceitação do seu corpo, o aumento da auto-estima, da auto-confiança, motivação e da competência social, a atribuição de uma função social, aumento da responsabilidade, a ocupação do tempo ocioso, a mudança dos hábitos de vida e o estabelecimento de metas para suas vidas. Portanto os dados confirmaram que o projeto fortaleceu a rede de apoio social e afetivo dos adolescentes, além de promover muitos outros aspectos considerados essenciais para a promoção de resiliência.
A produção de sentidos subjetivos e as configurações subjetivas na especialização esportiva
Authors: Dobránszky István De Abreu , Rey Fernando Luis González
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a produção de sentidos subjetivos de uma adolescente em processo de especialização esportiva. Embora este tema não seja inédito, existe a necessidade de atenção por parte dos psicólogos esportivos, devido a supervalorização da vitória na sociedade contemporânea. Nossa análise parte do estudo da subjetividade em uma abordagem histórico-cultural, que considera a história do sujeito, e todas as atividade que participa como uma produção subjetiva complexa a qual se expressa de uma forma particular tanto na subjetividade social quanto a individual, contribuindo para a compreensão do ambiente esportivo. Foram utilizadas entrevistas, dinâmicas conversacionais e complemento de frases durante um acompanhamento de cinco meses de um grupo de triatletas.
,,Wissenschaftlicher Sozialismus", was ist das?
Authors: Mohr Alexa
Published: January 2019

Wenige Werke der Weltliteratur wurden so kontrovers diskutiert wie die Marxschen Schriften. Nicht nur Anhänger und Gegner von Marx stritten und streiten sich über die richtige Interpretation, auch im jeweiligen Lager geriet und gerät man aneinander. Nur in einem Punkt sich sich Protagonisten und Antagonisten aller Schattierungen mit Marx und Engels einig: die Marxschen Studien und Analysen sollten die „theoretische Begründung" des Kommunismus liefern (1), das „Kapital" wollte "den sozialistischen Bestrebungen die wissenschaftliche Unterlage geben" (2).
EFFECT OF URETHRAL DILATION ON ANTERIOR URETHRAL STRICTURE RECURRENCE AFTER INTERNAL URETHROTOMY IN MALES
Authors: Hapsari Edhi , Hamid Agus Rizal AH , Rodjani Arry , Firdaoessaleh Firdaoessaleh , HR Danarto
Published: January 2019

Objective: The aim is to evaluate the effect of urethral dilation on anterior urethral stricture recurrences after direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU). Material & Method: Patients were classified into 2 groups after internal urethrotomy for urethral dilation or observation. All strictures included were anterior, single, and causing partial obstruction. Urethral dilation was performed using a metal sound. This procedure was performed every 1 or 2 weeks in the first and second month after operation and then once a month for 1 year or in case of voiding complaints or low flow rate (< 10 mL/s). Follow up at least until 1 year after DVIU. Results: A total of 32 cases could be reviewed, of which are 21 had urethral dilation and 11 observation only. In the urethral dilation group, we found 4 recurrences (19%) with mean time to recurrence 10,52 months. In the observation group, we found 7 recurrent cases (63,63%) with a mean time to recurrence of 8,09 months. P value is 0,02 which means urethral dilation significantly decreased the chance of stricture recurrence. By Kaplan Meier survival analysis, urethral dilation had a better and longer time to recurrence. Conclusion: In this study, regular meatal dilation is proven to prolong the time to recurrence of an anterior urethral stricture after DVIU. Keywords: Urethral dilation, anterior urethral stricture, stricture recurrence.
Dynamic recrystallization of quartz in veins in sandstones of metagenesis zone (Kular district, Yakutia)
Authors: Sustavov O. A.
Published: January 2019

Bulging recrystallization (BR) has been considered in the deformed quartz veins in the lower Triassic sandstones of the metagenesis zone in the North-Western part of the Kular district, Yakutia. BR is characterized by the formation of sutured boundaries of individuals during the crystalloplastic deformation of quarz. To these boundaries, the recrystallization grains are confined, the size of which (in this case, 0,01—0,02 mm) corresponds to the size of the teeth at the boundaries of individuals. Such fine recrystallization grains can fix with their formation the peak crustal stresses arising up during deformation of the continental crust near the brittle-plastic transition. Inside the individuals, BR is accompanied by recrystallization along the microshears and deformation bands with the leading role of progressive rotation of subgrains. BR in vein quartz occurs during the formation of the pressure solution cleavage in the host sandstones, and therefore the combination of the pressure solution cleavage in the sandstones of the metagenesis zone and BR in vein quartz can be considered as structural paragenesis.
Memory as Resistance in Documentary Drama The Laramie Project and The Exonerated
Authors: GUL Sinan
Published: January 2019

Focusing on major differences between nostalgic and documentary memory in contemporary plays, this paper argues
how The Laramie Project (2001) by Moises Kaufmann and The Exonerated (2002) by Jessica Blank and Eric Jensen
reinvigorate the concept of memory as an alternative political stand on stage. Memory plays use historical
documentation as a forerunner of their dramatic material. In this respect, The Exonerated tells the story of six
wrongfully convicted death row inmates through testimonies of the freed convicts, court recordings, and other
documents. The Laramie Project belongs to another category of verbatim plays, which is still centered on edited
interviews and testimonies but it is characterized by the elimination of the protagonist. It reconstructs and rewrites the
story of brutally murdered Matthew Shepard to question this tragedy and disclose the reasons for his murder, but
Shepard himself is not represented as a character on stage. The Laramie Project is similar to The Exonerated, but their
methodology and construction have fundamentally different incentives and elements. Their emphasis on identity
politics and insistence upon a more extended public discussion of politics and social issues separates them from other
genres and trends. The way memory is stripped of its nostalgic layers in these documentary plays aims to foster a new
understanding of dramatic constructions while challenging mainstream accounts and shifting to side of the silenced
figures. Although there is little overlap between the contents and messages of the plays, a key point in both of these
works is their emphasis on current issues through a variety of memory forms. Their accent on harsh realities of history
is especially pronounced when audience members are invited to witness the flaws of our society. It might be a
wrongfully convicted person, a screened and scrutinized life of a transvestite, or a brutally murdered homosexual, but
in the end, documentary drama shows us the urgent need to look back to understand the present. Our mistakes are all
buried in the magical box of the past. They can be our guides for tomorrow as long as we do not glorify them.
Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories
Authors: Limonov I. E. , Nesena M. V.
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.
On the relationship of structural changes and economic growth in the world economy and Russia
Authors: Mironov V. V. , Konovalova I. D.
Published: January 2019

The article analyzes the relationship between structural changes and economic growth in the world economy and Russia. The authors note the emergence of a growth model in the world economy based on the complementarity of economic policies aimed, on the one hand, at the development of fundamental foundations of economic growth (institutions, human capital, infrastructure, macroeconomic stabilization), and, on the other hand, at initiating growth through structural reforms (even under stable foundations). Analyzing the trends of structural changes in the world economy, the authors consider new forms of structural policy, in particular, the ones oriented at the issue of identification of sectors — potential drivers of economic growth using the portfolio approach. A preliminary version of the model of Russian economy based on the multi-sector variety of the Thirlwall’s law is presented in the paper.
Development and Assessment of a Scale to Measure Daily Fantasy Sport Motives
Authors: Kota Ryan W. , Reid Charles , James Jeffrey D. , Kim Amy Chan Hyung
Published: January 2019

Abstract: Fantasy sport has rapidly developed into a multi-billion dollar industry in recent years, with daily fantasy sport (DFS) responsible for $18.9 billion in annual fantasy sport consumption revenue (Fantasy Sports Trade Association, 2017). Efforts to examine the drivers of DFS-specific participation remain scarce, with scholars having reported on the motives of traditional fantasy sport (TFS) consumers and hybrid consumers (i.e., those who consume both TFS and DFS) (Billings, Ruihley, & Yang, 2016; Ruihley, Billings, & Rae, 2014). The authors conducted three studies to develop the Daily Fantasy Sport Motives Scale (DFSMS). Development of the DFSMS allows for a more thorough investigation into the motives and underlying drivers of DFS participation. Specifically, the authors discuss the unique nature of the DFSMS, provide suggestions for marketers and academics, and outline future research opportunities.
Selection of an Optimal Distribution Curve for Non-Stationary Flood Series
Authors: Chen Xiaohong , Ye Changqing , Zhang Jiaming , Xu Chongyu , Zhang Lijuan , Tang Yihan
Published: January 2019

The stationarity assumption of hydrological processes has long been compromised by human disturbances in river basins. The traditional hydrological extreme-value analysis method, i.e., “extreme value theory” which assumes stationarity of the time series, needs to be amended in order to adapt to these changes. In this paper, taking the East River basin, south China as a case study, a framework was put forward for selection of a suitable distribution curve for non-stationary flood series by using the time-varying moments (TVM). Data used for this study are the annual maximum daily flow of 1954–2009 at the Longchuan, Heyuan and Boluo Stations in the study basin. Five types of distribution curves and eight kinds of trend models, for a combination of 40 models, were evaluated and compared. The results showed that the flood series and optimal distribution curves in the East River basin have been significantly impacted by a continuously changing environment. With the increase of the degree of human influence, the thinner tails of distributions are more suitable for fitting the observed flow data, and the trend models are changed from CP (mean and standard deviation fitted by parabolic trend model) to CL (mean and standard deviation fitted by linear trend model) from upstream to downstream of the catchment. The design flood flow corresponding to a return period of more than 10 years at the Longchuan, Heyuan and Boluo Stations was overestimated by more than 28.36%, 53.24% and 26.06%, respectively if the non-stationarity of series is not considered and the traditional method is still used for calculation. The study reveals that in a changing environment, more advanced statistical methods that explicitly account for the non-stationarity of extreme flood characteristics are required.
Structure-Based Discovery of a Selective KDM5A Inhibitor that Exhibits Anti-Cancer Activity via Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence in Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Yang Guan-Jun , Ko Chung-Nga , Zhong Hai-Jing , Leung Chung-Hang , Ma Dik-Lung
Published: January 2019

Breast cancer is the one of the most frequent causes of female cancer mortality. KDM5A, a histone demethylase, can increase the proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance of cancers, including breast cancer, and is thus an important therapeutic target. In the present work, we performed hierarchical virtual screening towards the KDM5A catalytic pocket from a chemical library containing 90,000 compounds. Using multiple biochemical methods, the cyclopenta[c]chromen derivative 1 was identified as the top candidate for KDM5A demethylase inhibitory activity. Compared with the well-known KDM5 inhibitor CPI-455 (18), 1 exhibited higher potency against KDM5A and much higher selectivity for KDM5A over both KDM4A and other KDM5 family members (KDM5B and KDM5C). Additionally, compound 1 repressed the proliferation of various KDM5A-overexpressing breast cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, 1 promoted accumulation of p16 and p27 by blocking KDM5A-mediated H3K4me3 demethylation, leading to cell cycle arrest and senescence. To date, compound 1 is the first cyclopenta[c]chromen-based KDM5A inhibitor reported, and may serve as a novel motif for developing more selective and efficacious pharmacological molecules targeting KDM5A. In addition, our research provides a possible anti-cancer mechanism of KDM5A inhibitors and highlights the feasibility and significance of KDM5A as a therapeutic target for KDM5A-overexpressing breast cancer.
Circulating Biomarkers for Prediction of Objective Response to Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Authors: van der Sijde Fleur , Vietsch Eveline E. , Mustafa Dana A. M. , Besselink Marc G. , Groot Koerkamp Bas , van Eijck Casper H. J.
Published: January 2019

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with increasing incidence. Most patients present with advanced disease, for which palliative systemic chemotherapy is the only therapeutic option. Despite improved median survival rates with FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine chemotherapy compared to the best supportive care, many individual patients may not benefit from chemotherapy. Biomarkers are needed to predict who will benefit from chemotherapy and to monitor a patient’s response to chemotherapy. This review summarizes current research and future perspectives on circulating biomarkers for systemic chemotherapy response.