bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural representation of emotion regulation goals
Authors: Morawetz Carmen , Bode Stefan , Baudewig Juergen , Jacobs Arthur M. , Heekeren Hauke R.
Published: November 2015

The use of top–down cognitive control mechanisms to regulate emotional responses as circumstances change is critical for mental and physical health. Several theoretical models of emotion regulation have been postulated; it remains unclear, however, in which brain regions emotion regulation goals (e.g., the downregulation of fear) are represented. Here, we examined the neural mechanisms of regulating emotion using fMRI and identified brain regions representing reappraisal goals. Using a multimethodological analysis approach, combining standard activation‐based and pattern‐information analyses, we identified a distributed network of lateral frontal, temporal, and parietal regions implicated in reappraisal and within it, a core system that represents reappraisal goals in an abstract, stimulus‐independent fashion. Within this core system, the neural pattern‐separability in a subset of regions including the left inferior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobe was related to the success in emotion regulation. Those brain regions might link the prefrontal control regions with the subcortical affective regions. Given the strong association of this subsystem with inner speech functions and semantic memory, we conclude that those cognitive mechanisms may be used for orchestrating emotion regulation. Hum Brain Mapp 37:600–620, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automatic periodic stimulation of the vagus nerve during single‐incision transaxillary robotic thyroidectomy: Feasibility, safety, and first cases
Authors: Lörincz Balazs B. , Möckelmann Nikolaus , Busch Chia‐Jung , Hezel Markus , Knecht Rainald
Published: November 2015

Background

Automatic periodic stimulation (APS) of the vagus nerve during thyroid surgery may provide the patient with increased safety to prevent impending thermal or stretch‐related injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN).

Methods

Vagal stimulation would be of particular interest in remote access robotic thyroid surgery, where the RLN may be exposed to more conducted heat because of the exclusive use of the Harmonic scalpel. Using APS, the console surgeon may adjust the dissection technique according to the signal changes to avoid impending thermal damage to the nerve.

Results

In 2 transaxillary robotic thyroidectomy cases, we placed the vagus electrode onto the ipsilateral vagus trunk through the single‐incision transaxillary access before docking the da Vinci robot. APS of the ipsilateral nerve has been conducted without complications.

Conclusion

APS of the ipsilateral vagus is feasible and safe during transaxillary robotic thyroidectomy, and may contribute to prevent impending thermal injury to the RLN. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 482–485, 2016
Immunodeficiency and the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 and cervical cancer: A nested case‐control study in the Swiss HIV cohort study
Authors: Clifford Gary M. , Franceschi Silvia , Keiser Olivia , Schöni‐Affolter Franziska , Lise Mauro , Dehler Silvia , Levi Fabio , Mousavi Mohsen , Bouchardy Christine , Wolfensberger Aline , Darling Katharine E. , Staehelin Cornelia , Bertisch Barbara , Kuenzli Esther , Bernasconi Enos , Pawlita Michael , Egger Matthias ,   on behalf of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: November 2015

HIV‐infected women are at increased risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC), but it has been difficult to disentangle the influences of heavy exposure to HPV infection, inadequate screening and immunodeficiency. A case‐control study including 364 CIN2/3 and 20 ICC cases matched to 1,147 controls was nested in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (1985–2013). CIN2/3 risk was significantly associated with low CD4+ cell counts, whether measured as nadir [odds ratio (OR) per 100‐cell/μL decrease = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.22], or at CIN2/3 diagnosis (1.10, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.16). An association was evident even for nadir CD4+ 200–349 versus ≥350 cells/μL (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.25). After adjustment for nadir CD4+, a protective effect of >2‐year cART use was seen against CIN2/3 (OR versus never cART use = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.98). Despite low study power, similar associations were seen for ICC, notably with nadir CD4+ (OR for 50 vs. >350 cells/μL= 11.10, 95% CI: 1.24, 100). HPV16‐L1 antibodies were significantly associated with CIN2/3, but HPV16‐E6 antibodies were nearly exclusively detected in ICC. In conclusion, worsening immunodeficiency, even at only moderately decreased CD4+ cell counts, is a significant risk factor for CIN2/3 and cervical cancer.
Association of Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus with colorectal cancer: Serological evidence
Authors: Butt Julia , Romero‐Hernández Beatriz , Pérez‐Gómez Beatriz , Willhauck‐Fleckenstein Martina , Holzinger Dana , Martin Vicente , Moreno Victor , Linares Cristina , Dierssen‐Sotos Trinidad , Barricarte Aurelio , Tardón Adonina , Altzibar Jone M. , Moreno‐Osset Eduardo , Franco Francisco , Requena Rocío Olmedo , Huerta José María , Michel Angelika , Waterboer Tim , Castaño‐Vinyals Gemma , Kogevinas Manolis , Pollán Marina , Boleij Annemarie , de Sanjosé Silvia , del Campo Rosa , Tjalsma Harold , Aragonés Nuria , Pawlita Michael
Published: November 2015

The colonic opportunist Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (SGG) is potentially associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Large‐scale seroepidemiological data for SGG antibodies and their possible association with CRC is currently missing. Associations between CRC and antibody responses to SGG were examined in 576 CRC cases and 576 controls matched by sex, age and province from a population‐based multicase–control project (MCC‐Spain). MCC‐Spain was conducted between 2008 and 2013 in 12 Spanish provinces. Antibody responses to recombinant affinity‐purified SGG pilus proteins Gallo1569, 2039, 2178 and 2179 were analysed by multiplex serology. Polyomavirus (PyV) JC VP1 and PyV 6 VP1 proteins served as disease‐specificity controls. In the control population, antibody responses to pilus proteins were mostly weak. Antibody responses to individual pilus proteins Gallo2039 (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.09–2.28), Gallo2178 (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.09–2.30) and Gallo2179 (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.00–2.11) were significantly associated with CRC risk. The association was stronger for positivity to two or more pilus proteins of Gallo1569, Gallo2178 and Gallo2179 (OR:1.93, 95% CI: 1.04–3.56) and for double‐positivity to Gallo2178 and Gallo2179 (OR: 3.54, 95% CI: 1.49–8.44). The association between SGG infection and CRC risk was stronger among individuals younger than 65 years. For the first time we demonstrated a statistically significant association of exposure to SGG antigens and CRC in a large seroepidemiological study. These results should stimulate further studies on the role of SGG in CRC pathogenesis.
Silk fibroin protein‐based nonwoven mats incorporating baicalein Chinese herbal extract: preparation, characterizations, and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Chan Wing P. , Huang Kuan‐Chen , Bai Meng‐Yi
Published: November 2015

In this study, we demonstrated a natural silk fibroin protein (SFP) that was blended with a Chinese herbal extract (baicalein, BAI) to obtain an effective combination for producing electrospun nonwoven mats with anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial functions. A series of SFP‐based electrospun nonwoven mats with additives of varying compositions were produced and investigated. Performance comparisons showed that the SFP/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/BAI nonwoven mat is the optimal one. In vitro, SFP/PVP/BAI nonwoven mat is effective in inhibiting the formation of nitrite in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nitrite formation in Raw 264.7 macrophages model and the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Especially in the case of SFP/PVP/BAI nonwoven mat, Bai has been proved to reach their maximum amount of releases of approximately 64.8% within 24 h of contact with water‐based environment as compared to the SFP/BAI nonwoven mat (only 30.1% of release within 24 h). For in vivo experiments, a 1.2 cm × 1.2 cm wound area was created on the back of mice and seeded with 1 × 107 CFU/mL of S. aureus to induce an infected wound model. The experimental results show significant acceleration of the wound closure process in mice treated with SFP/PVP/BAI nonwoven mat (4 days of reduction as compared to the untreated group), reduction in infiltration of neutrophils, nitrite formation, and inhibition of growth of wound bacteria. Histological images of the group treated with SFP/PVP/BAI nonwoven mat showed a compete repair of skin hierarchy, increasing production of collagen fibers, and enhancement of angiogenesis. This may bring a better recovery of skin appearance after treatment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 420–430, 2017.
Hierarchical atom type definitions and extensible all‐atom force fields
Authors: Jin Zhao , Yang Chunwei , Cao Fenglei , Li Feng , Jing Zhifeng , Chen Long , Shen Zhe , Xin Liang , Tong Sijia , Sun Huai
Published: November 2015

The extensibility of force field is a key to solve the missing parameter problem commonly found in force field applications. The extensibility of conventional force fields is traditionally managed in the parameterization procedure, which becomes impractical as the coverage of the force field increases above a threshold. A hierarchical atom‐type definition (HAD) scheme is proposed to make extensible atom type definitions, which ensures that the force field developed based on the definitions are extensible. To demonstrate how HAD works and to prepare a foundation for future developments, two general force fields based on AMBER and DFF functional forms are parameterized for common organic molecules. The force field parameters are derived from the same set of quantum mechanical data and experimental liquid data using an automated parameterization tool, and validated by calculating molecular and liquid properties. The hydration free energies are calculated successfully by introducing a polarization scaling factor to the dispersion term between the solvent and solute molecules. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of 1, 3‐disubstituted‐1,4‐benzodiazepine Derivatives
Authors: Ghelani Satish M. , Naliapara Yogesh T.
Published: November 2015

The 2‐amino‐4′‐flouro‐benzophenone (1) that was reacted with chloroacetylchloride to afford 2‐chloro‐N‐(2‐(4′‐fluorobenzoyl) phenyl)acetamide (2) was subsequently converted to 1,4‐benzodiazepines (3) by the modification of the known hexamethylenetetramine based cyclization reaction developed by Blazevic and Kajfez. Thus, obtained product (3) was reacted with a variety of alkyl halide using KOH in DMF to give 1‐substituted‐5‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1H‐benzo[e][1,4]diazepin‐2(3H)‐one (4a, 4b). To achieve 1, 3‐disubstituted 1, 4‐benzodiazepines (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5k, 5l, 5m, 5n, 5o, 5p, 5q, 5r, 5s, 5t), 1‐substituted‐5‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1H‐benzo[e][1,4]diazepin‐2(3H)‐one (4a, 4b) was treated with various aromatic aldehydes in the presence of KOH in toluene.
Evaluation and management of spinal epidural abscess
Authors: DeFroda Steven F. , DePasse J. Mason , Eltorai Adam E. M. , Daniels Alan H. , Palumbo Mark A.
Published: November 2015

Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is an uncommon and potentially catastrophic condition. SEA often presents a diagnostic challenge, as the “classic triad” of fever, spinal pain, and neurological deficit is evident in only a minority of patients. When diagnosis is delayed, irreversible neurological damage may ensue. To minimize morbidity, an appropriate level of suspicion and an understanding of the diagnostic evaluation are essential. Infection should be suspected in patients presenting with axial pain, fever, or elevated inflammatory markers. Although patients with no known risk factors can develop SEA, clinical concern should be heightened in the presence of diabetes, intravenous drug use, chronic renal failure, immunosuppressant therapy, or a recent invasive spine procedure. When the clinical profile is consistent with the diagnosis of SEA, gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal column should be obtained on an emergent basis to delineate the location and neural compressive effect of the abscess. Rapid diagnosis allows for efficient treatment, which optimizes the potential for a positive outcome. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:130–135. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Single molecule atomic force microscopy of aerolysin pore complexes reveals unexpected star‐shaped topography
Authors: He Jianfeng , Wang Jiabin , Hu Jun , Sun Jielin , Czajkowsky Daniel Mark , Shao Zhifeng
Published: November 2015

Aerolysin is the paradigmatic member of a large family of toxins that convert from a water‐soluble monomer/dimer into a membrane‐spanning oligomeric pore. While there is x‐ray crystallographic data of its water‐soluble conformation, the most recent structural model of the membrane‐inserted pore is based primarily on data of water‐soluble tetradecamers of mutant protein, together with computational modeling ultimately performed in vacuum. Here we examine this pore model with atomic force microscopy (AFM) of membrane‐associated wild‐type complexes and all‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in water. In striking contrast to a disc‐shaped cap region predicted by the present model, the AFM images reveal a star‐shaped complex, with a central ring surrounded by seven radial projections. Further, the MD simulations suggest that the locations of the receptor‐binding (D1) domains in the present model are not correct. However, a modified model in which the D1 domains, rather than localized at fixed positions, adopt a wide range of configurations through fluctuations of an intervening linker is compatible with existing data. Thus our work not only demonstrates the importance of directly resolving such complexes in their native environment but also points to a dynamic receptor binding region, which may be critical for toxin assembly on the cell surface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in a large Israeli health maintenance organization
Authors: Weil Clara , Nwankwo Chizoba , Friedman Mira , Kenet Gabriel , Chodick Gabriel , Shalev Varda
Published: November 2015

Hepatitis C affects an estimated 130 million people worldwide and is a major cause of chronic liver disease. This retrospective database study aims to describe the epidemiology of HCV‐infected patients in Maccabi Healthcare Services, a 2‐million‐member health maintenance organization in Israel. HCV was identified by cross‐linking diagnoses, laboratory data, and dispensed HCV treatment (1993–2013). The point‐prevalence of HCV in 2012 and annual incidence of newly‐diagnosed HCV during 2003–2012 (index period) were calculated. The age‐adjusted prevalence of HCV was 5.19/1,000 population (n = 10,648). The highest prevalence was found among males and in patients aged 35–54 years. Two thirds of HCV‐infected patients were immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU). HCV genotype 1 was predominant (67%). A total of 6,150 patients were newly diagnosed with HCV infection during the index period. The age‐standardized rate of newly‐diagnosed HCV declined from over 50/100,000 (2003) to 15/100,000 (2012). This rate was highest in males from the FSU, particularly for birth cohorts in 1950–70. The study results suggest that the reported incidence of HCV infection in Israel is declining, while prevalence is particularly high among FSU immigrants and genotype 1 is predominant. As the HCV treatment landscape evolves, these estimates can inform future studies and health technology assessments. J. Med. Virol. 88:1044–1050, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prediction of virologic response to tenofovir mono‐rescue therapy for multidrug resistant chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Lee Sangheun , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Kim Beom Kyung , Kim Seung Up , Song Kijun , Ku Hye Jin , Han Kwang‐Hyub , Ahn Sang Hoon
Published: November 2015

Most guidelines suggest combination therapy including nucleoside and nucleotide analogues for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with multidrug resistance (MD‐R). However, long‐term combination treatment can evoke high costs and safety problems. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) mono‐rescue therapy for viral suppression in patients with CHB exhibiting MD‐R. We reviewed patients with CHB exhibiting antiviral drug resistance treated by TDF mono‐rescue therapy from December 2012 to June 2014. The patients were categorized into three groups: lamivudine‐resistance (LAM‐R) group (n = 290), and LAM‐R + adefovir‐resistance (ADV‐R) group (n = 43), and LAM‐R + entecavir‐resistance (ETV‐R) group (n = 113). We compared the virologic response rate according to the multiplicity of resistance and investigated the predictive factors of a virologic response. For a median of 15 months (range, 6–24 months) of TDF mono‐rescue therapy, the cumulative virologic response rates were 82.8, 81.4, and 84.1% in the LAM‐R, LAM‐R + ADV‐R, and LAM‐R + ETV‐R groups, respectively (P = 0.239). Multivariate analysis revealed that multiplicity of resistance did not influence the achievement of a virologic response (P = 0.218). However, the baseline HBV DNA level significantly influenced the achievement of a virologic response for the treatment of CHB with MD‐R (P < 0.001). TDF mono‐rescue therapy is an appropriate treatment for CHB with MD‐R, and the baseline HBV DNA level is a significant predictive factor for a virologic response. These factors should be considered before treating CHB with MD‐R. J. Med. Virol. 88:1027–1034, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical and biochemical sensing applications of microstructured optical fiber‐based systems
Authors: Calcerrada Matías , García‐Ruiz Carmen , González‐Herráez Miguel
Published: November 2015

This paper provides an up‐to‐date overview on the use of microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) in chemical sensing during the last ten years, more specifically, applications in liquid media including the use of solid‐core photonic crystal fibers, hollow‐core PCFs and other MOFs and related microstructures. To this aim, a classification of different types of fiber‐based chemical sensors is first made, followed by a description of the most important MOFs and their operation principles in chemical sensing. Then, studies on the use of MOFs in fluorescence, Raman and SERS detection among other detection principles are discussed. Finally, literature including the implementation of these microstructures in home‐made and commercial analytical equipment is summarized. This review intends not only to give a current perspective on the use of MOFs and microstructures in chemical sensing, but also to make an approach between the fields of optical fiber and analytical chemistry, in order to understand the basic principles of operation in this promising frontier of knowledge.

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A combined non‐contact acoustic thermometer and infrared hygrometer for atmospheric measurements
Authors: Underwood R. , Gardiner T. , Finlayson A. , Few J. , Wilkinson J. , Bell S. , Merrison J. , Iverson J. J. , de Podesta M.
Published: November 2015

Temperature and humidity measurements in the upper atmosphere are of critical importance for understanding the Earth's climate. However, such measurements are difficult for several reasons. Rising sondes carry moisture upwards, compromising measurements in the dry stratospheric environment. In addition, the difference in the time constants of thermometers and hygrometers leads to difficulties in determining the extent of saturation of the air. Finally, the effects of insolation, evaporative cooling and the poor thermal contact with the air compound the other measurement problems.

To address these issues, tests on a new non‐contact temperature and humidity sensor (non‐contact thermometer and hygrometer, NCTAH), which can make rapid non‐contact measurements in atmospheric air, have been reported.

The temperature and humidity measurements are made using an acoustic interferometer and a tuneable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS), respectively. This combination of sensors offers many potential advantages and allows each sensor to supply a key correction required by the other. The present study describes the design rationale and reports test results measured at the National Physical Laboratory and results from simulated ascents through the atmosphere (to −57 °C and 130 hPa characteristic of an altitude of 15 km) at the Planetary Environment Facility at the University of Aarhus, Denmark.

The NCTAH makes two temperature measurements per second with a resolution of ∼0.01 °C and a likely uncertainty of measurement of u(k = 1) = 0.1 °C. Water vapour mixing ratios were measured over a range of ∼100 to 3 x 104 ppmv corresponding to dew points from −42 to +24 °C at atmospheric pressure.
Critique and suggested modifications of the degree days methodology to enable long‐term electricity consumption assessments: a case study in Birmingham, UK
Authors: Azevedo Juliana Antunes , Chapman Lee , Muller Catherine L.
Published: November 2015

Energy consumption and outdoor ambient temperatures are inherently related. Low temperatures increase consumption via space heating, whereas high temperatures result in increased demand for refrigeration and air conditioning. A common approach used for investigating this relationship in detail is via the calculation of heating and cooling degree days. Starting with a critical review of studies in the scientific literature that have used this technique, this study highlights a range of limitations with the methodology, particularly with respect to standardization, which potentially hinder the utility of the technique in climate change risk assessments. Using an analysis of electricity consumption in Birmingham, UK, as an example, this study calls for a standardization of the approach via the use of a universal base temperature calculated using average outdoor air temperatures. Adoption of this measure will not only enable meaningful comparisons to be made across regions, but will also permit a more robust means to account for acclimatization in longer term analyses such as that required by climate change risk assessments. This is demonstrated in this study by coupling the existing degree days methodology with a temporal analogue.
A new insight into complexity from the local fractional calculus view point: modelling growths of populations
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Jun , Tenreiro Machado J. A.
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we model the growths of populations by means of local fractional calculus. We formulate the local fractional rate equation and the local fractional logistic equation. The exact solutions of local fractional rate equation and local fractional logistic equation with the Mittag‐Leffler function defined on Cantor sets are presented. The obtained results illustrate the accuracy and efficiency for modeling the complexity of linear and nonlinear population dynamics (PD). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NMR characterization of novel pyranoanthocyanins derived from the pulp of Panax quinquefolius L. (North American ginseng)
Authors: Nabuurs Mark H. , McCallum Jason L. , Brown Daniel C. , Kirby Christopher W.
Published: November 2015

Three major pigments (one natural and two derived) were determined to be present in the berry pulp of Panax quinquefolius L. (North American ginseng). The first was a simple anthocyanin (pelargonidin 3‐O‐lathyroside) along with two novel pyranoanthocyanins, structurally similar to those recently discovered in Staghorn sumac. The three anthocyanins were structurally characterized using NMR (1H, gCOSY, gHSQC, gHMBC, TOCSY, ROESY, and 13C DEPTq135) and High Resolution MS. All three anthocyanins had the disaccharide lathyrose (2‐O‐(β‐D‐xylopyranosyl)‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside) attached at the 3‐O position. In the tradition of naming novel anthocyanin aglycones based on botanical origin, the new pyranoanthocyanin aglycones have been given the common names Panaxidin A (pelaragonidin‐4‐vinylcatechol) and Panaxidin B (pelargonidin‐4‐vinylphenol). Copyright © 2015 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐pass myocardial perfusion imaging with whole‐heart coverage using L1‐SPIRiT accelerated variable density spiral trajectories
Authors: Yang Yang , Kramer Christopher M. , Shaw Peter W. , Meyer Craig H. , Salerno Michael
Published: November 2015

Purpose

To design and evaluate two‐dimensional (2D) L1‐SPIRiT accelerated spiral pulse sequences for first‐pass myocardial perfusion imaging with whole heart coverage capable of measuring eight slices at 2 mm in‐plane resolution at heart rates up to 125 beats per minute (BPM).

Methods

Combinations of five different spiral trajectories and four k‐t sampling patterns were retrospectively simulated in 25 fully sampled datasets and reconstructed with L1‐SPIRiT to determine the best combination of parameters. Two candidate sequences were prospectively evaluated in 34 human subjects to assess in vivo performance.

Results

A dual density broad transition spiral trajectory with either angularly uniform or golden angle in time k‐t sampling pattern had the largest structural similarity and smallest root mean square error from the retrospective simulation, and the L1‐SPIRiT reconstruction had well‐preserved temporal dynamics. In vivo data demonstrated that both of the sampling patterns could produce high quality perfusion images with whole‐heart coverage.

Conclusion

First‐pass myocardial perfusion imaging using accelerated spirals with optimized trajectory and k‐t sampling pattern can produce high quality 2D perfusion images with whole‐heart coverage at the heart rates up to 125 BPM. Magn Reson Med 76:1375–1387, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Umpolung von Iminen
Authors: Finkbeiner Peter , Nachtsheim Boris J.
Published: November 2015

Mit neuen Synthesemethoden lassen sich Imine mit Elektrophilen am Kohlenstoff funktionalisieren.
Iterative representing set selection for nested cross approximation
Authors: Mikhalev A. Yu. , Oseledets I. V.
Published: November 2015

A new fast algebraic method for obtaining an
‐approximation of a matrix from its entries is presented. The main idea behind the method is based on the nested representation and the maximum volume principle to select submatrices in low‐rank matrices. A special iterative approach for the computation of so‐called representing sets is established. The main advantage of the method is that it uses only the hierarchical partitioning of the matrix and does not require special ‘proxy surfaces’ to be selected in advance.

The numerical experiments for the electrostatic problem and for the boundary integral operator confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the approach. The complexity is linear in the matrix size and polynomial in the ranks. The algorithm is implemented as an open‐source Python package that is available online. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Millennials and Boomers: increasing alumni affinity and intent to give by target market segmentation
Authors: McAlexander James H. , Koenig Harold F. , DuFault Beth
Published: November 2015

This paper reports on research that seeks to improve our understanding of issues that impact upon the philanthropic gifts of university alumni. Prior research has examined such alumni characteristics as wealth and affinity to the alma mater. Such findings have guided development professionals to conduct different kinds of research that can reveal aspects of affluence (e.g., real estate holdings and professional positions) and institutional engagement (e.g., membership in alumni associations and season tickets to sporting events). This information is housed in databases that can be accessed by the fundraisers. The current research seeks to extend our understanding by examining the potential differences between generations. This article examines survey responses from university alumni in two age cohorts from two large comprehensive universities in the USA. Respondents were asked questions that inquired about their affinity toward their alma mater, intentions to give as well as alumni interest in participating in or attending different events at the university. Significant differences between younger and older alumni were found within each topic. From these results, the importance of market research and applications of alumni segmentation specifically are discussed for administrators and advancement professionals. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anthracene‐thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione based donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers for applications in optoelectronic devices
Authors: Cartwright Luke , Neal Thomas J. , Rutland Nathan J. , Iraqi Ahmed
Published: November 2015

Three novel alternating copolymers of thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione (TPD) and triisopropylsilylacetylene‐functionalized anthracene were prepared via Suzuki polymerization. Various solubilizing substituents were attached to the TPD moiety in order to ascertain the impact they have upon the optical, electrochemical, and thermal properties of the resulting polymers. All copolymers showed good solubility and thermal stability with decomposition temperatures in excess of 300°C. Optical properties revealed that PTATPD(O), PTATPD(DMO), and PTATPD(BP) displayed optical energy gaps in excess of 2.0 eV. It is speculated that steric repulsion between solubilizing groups on repeat units along polymer chains reduces their planarity and decreases their electronic conjugation. The amorphous nature of the polymers was confirmed with differential scanning calorimetry and powder X‐ray diffraction. The highest occupied molecular orbital levels of the three polymers are unaffected by the different solubilizing chains. However, they exert some influence over the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels with PTATPD(BP) and PTATPD(O) displaying the lowest LUMO levels (−3.4 eV). In contrast, PTATPD(DMO) displayed the highest LUMO level (−3.3 eV). © 2015 The Authors. Polymers for Advanced Technologies Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Managing Cancer Care: a psycho‐educational intervention to improve knowledge of care options and breast cancer self‐management
Authors: Schulman‐Green Dena , Jeon Sangchoon
Published: November 2015

Objective

We tested the feasibility and acceptability of a psycho‐educational self‐management intervention, Managing Cancer Care: A Personal Guide (MCC), to improve knowledge of care options (curative, palliative, and hospice care) among a range of breast cancer self‐management skills.

Methods

We conducted a one‐group, pre‐post‐test study among women with non‐metastatic breast cancer (n = 105). We gave participants the printed, self‐guided, seven‐module intervention following enrollment. At baseline and 2  months, we measured knowledge of care options, desired and actual role in self‐management, medical communication skills, experience and management of transitions, anxiety, depression, uncertainty, and self‐efficacy. We conducted interviews to obtain module ratings and qualitative data on strengths and limitations of MCC.

Results

Knowledge of care options (δ = 0.40 (1.11), p = 0.0005) and desired role in self‐management (δ = −0.28 (1.08), p = 0.0177) significantly improved. Less skilled medical communicators significantly improved their communication (δ = 3.47, standard deviation = 6.58, p = 0.0449). Multivariate modeling showed that changes in our primary outcomes of medical communication and management of transitions seemed to drive positive changes in our secondary outcomes of anxiety, depression, uncertainty, and self‐efficacy. Participants highly rated MCC and reported the importance of understanding care options despite non‐metastatic disease.

Conclusions

MCC is a feasible and acceptable means of improving knowledge of care options and other aspects of breast cancer self‐management. The combination of modules offered in MCC appears to have beneficial interactive effects. We are currently testing MCC more rigorously in a randomized controlled trial to explore mediating and moderating relationships. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differences in the efficacy of carboxylic acid amide fungicides against less sensitive strains of Plasmopara viticola
Authors: Nanni Irene Maja , Pirondi Alessandro , Mancini Daniela , Stammler Gerd , Gold Randall , Ferri Ilaria , Brunelli Agostino , Collina Marina
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND

Plasmopara viticola is controlled by fungicides with different modes of action, including carboxylic acid amides (CAAs). The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in the response of CAA‐resistant P. viticola strains towards CAAs.

RESULTS

The G1105S mutation affects all four CAAs, but with different impacts. While this confirms that they have the same mode of action, it shows that differences between CAAs can occur.

CONCLUSION

Further molecular modelling and docking studies are needed to gain a better understanding of the different behaviours reported here. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Surgical outcomes after laparoscopic or robotic liver resection in hepatocellular carcinoma: a propensity‐score matched analysis with conventional open liver resection
Authors: Han Dai Hoon , Choi Sung Hoon , Park Eun Jung , Kang Dae Ryong , Choi Gi Hong , Choi Jin Sub
Published: November 2015

Background

This study was designed to compare perioperative and oncologic outcomes between minimally invasive liver resection (MILR) and conventional open liver resection (COLR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using a propensity‐score matched analysis.

Methods

Ninety‐nine patients who received MILR were matched with 198 patients treated with COLR out of 928 patients with HCC who received curative liver resection from 2002 to 2012. A multivariable logistic model based on factors related to the patient, tumor, and surgical procedure was used to estimate a propensity score.

Results

The MILR group experienced significantly less intraoperative blood loss (mean: 389.55 vs 580.66 mL; P = 0.008), lower complication rates (13.1% vs 24.7%; P = 0.020), and a shorter length of hospital stay (mean: 8.40 vs 13.39 days; P < 0.001). The two groups did not differ significantly in disease‐free (P = 0.701) or overall survival (P = 0.086).

Conclusions

MILR produced better perioperative and comparable oncologic outcomes than COLR for HCC. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer‐assisted surgery and intraoral welding technique for immediate implant‐supported rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla: case report and technical description
Authors: Albiero Alberto Maria , Benato Renato
Published: November 2015

Background

Complications are frequently reported when combining computer assisted flapless surgery with an immediate loaded prefabricated prosthesis. The authors have combined computer‐assisted surgery with the intraoral welding technique to obtain a precise passive fit of the immediate loading prosthesis.

Methods

An edentulous maxilla was rehabilitated with four computer assisted implants welded together intraorally and immediately loaded with a provisional restoration.

Results

A perfect passive fit of the metal framework was obtained that enabled proper osseointegration of implants. Computer assisted preoperative planning has been shown to be effective in reducing the intraoperative time of the intraoral welding technique. No complications were observed at 1 year follow‐up.

Conclusions

This guided‐welded approach is useful to achieve a passive fit of the provisional prosthesis on the inserted implants the same day as the surgery, reducing intraoperative time with respect to the traditional intraoral welding technique. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed reliable H∞ consensus control for a class of multi‐agent systems under switching networks: A topology‐based average dwell time approach
Authors: Wang Xin , Yang Guang‐Hong
Published: November 2015

This paper investigates the problem of distributed reliable H∞ consensus control for high‐order networked agent systems with actuator faults and switching undirected topologies. The Lipschitz nonlinearities, several types of actuator faults, and exogenous disturbances are considered in subsystems. Suppose the communication network of the multi‐agent systems may switch among finite connected graphs. By utilizing the relative state information of neighbors, a new distributed adaptive reliable consensus protocol is presented for actuator failure compensations in individual nodes. Note that the Lyapunov function for error systems may not decrease as the communication network is time‐varying; as a result, the existing distributed adaptive control technique cannot be applied directly. To overcome this difficulty, the topology‐based average dwell time approach is introduced to deal with switching jumps. By applying topology‐based average dwell time approach and Lyapunov theory, the distributed controller design condition is given in terms of LMIs. It is shown that the proposed scheme can guarantee that the reliable H∞ consensus problem is solvable in the presence actuator faults and external disturbance. Finally, two numerical examples are given the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Botulinum neurotoxin effects on masseter muscle fibre in WNIN obese rats—Scanning electron microscope analysis
Authors: Nemani Shivaram , Putchha Uday K. , Periketi Madhusudhanachary , Pothana Sailaja , Nappanveettil Giridharan , Nemani Harishankar
Published: November 2015

WNIN/Ob obese mutant rats are unique in comparison to similar rodent models of obesity established in the West. The present study is aimed to evaluate the masticatory function and histological changes in masseter muscle fibres treated with botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) in WNIN/Ob rats. Twelve WNIN/Ob obese rats and 12 lean rats at 35 days of age were taken and divided into four groups (6 rats in each group): Group‐I (WNIN/Ob) and Group‐II (lean) rats were injected with BoNT/A (1 unit) into right side of masseter muscle. For control left masseter of both phenotypes was injected with saline. Group‐III (WNIN/Ob) and Group‐IV (lean) rats were without any treatment. Growth and food intake was monitored daily for 45 days. Rats were euthanized and gross necropsy was carried out to check any abnormalities. Masseter muscles were dissected and mean muscle mass was recorded. Small portion of muscle was stored in 10% formalin for hematoxylin‐eosin (H&E) staining and remaining tissue stored in gluteraldehyde for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There is a significant decrease in the body weights and food intake of BoNT/A treated obese rats. The H&E staining of the masseter muscle in both groups showed normal morphology and orientation. The SEM analysis showed that, fibre size in BoNT/A treated masseter muscle of obese rats increased more than the saline treated side and in control rats. The increase in the muscle fibre size and transition of muscle fibre subtypes may be due to the reduced masticatory function of the masseter muscle. SCANNING 38:396–402, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Equilibrating and Disequilibrating Effects of Entrepreneurship: Revisiting the Central Premises
Authors: Keyhani Mohammad , Lévesque Moren
Published: November 2015

Research summary

We review existing theoretical propositions on the equilibrating and disequilibrating effects of entrepreneurship in the market process. We then introduce a game theoretical model of the market process and employ computer simulation to analyze it through time. The formal analysis suggests that entrepreneurship as the creation of new opportunities may not always be disequilibrating, and entrepreneurship as the discovery and exploitation of existing opportunities may not always be equilibrating. We identify specific conditions that produce counterexamples to the generic equilibration and disequilibration propositions previously considered to be the central premises of entrepreneurship research.

Managerial summary

Many entrepreneurs advance society by building businesses around creative new ideas. Yet, other entrepreneurs start businesses by discovering opportunities to profit without necessarily innovative ideas. In reality, most entrepreneurship involves both creation and discovery. We run computer simulations of a small hypothetical economy to analyze the impact of creation and discovery actions on the extent to which the economy contains unexploited opportunities at any given time. Our results largely support previous ideas on how entrepreneurs help clear the markets by discovering opportunities or how innovations disrupt the market through creative destruction. Our results also highlight ways in which these ideas may be oversimplified and may have boundary conditions.
Variable selection in covariate dependent random partition models: an application to urinary tract infection
Authors: Barcella William , Iorio Maria De , Baio Gianluca , Malone‐Lee James
Published: November 2015

Lower urinary tract symptoms can indicate the presence of urinary tract infection (UTI), a condition that if it becomes chronic requires expensive and time consuming care as well as leading to reduced quality of life. Detecting the presence and gravity of an infection from the earliest symptoms is then highly valuable. Typically, white blood cell (WBC) count measured in a sample of urine is used to assess UTI. We consider clinical data from 1341 patients in their first visit in which UTI (i.e. WBC
) is diagnosed. In addition, for each patient, a clinical profile of 34 symptoms was recorded. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian nonparametric regression model based on the Dirichlet process prior aimed at providing the clinicians with a meaningful clustering of the patients based on both the WBC (response variable) and possible patterns within the symptoms profiles (covariates). This is achieved by assuming a probability model for the symptoms as well as for the response variable. To identify the symptoms most associated to UTI, we specify a spike and slab base measure for the regression coefficients: this induces dependence of symptoms selection on cluster assignment. Posterior inference is performed through Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local indicators of climate change: the potential contribution of local knowledge to climate research
Authors: Reyes‐García Victoria , Fernández‐Llamazares Álvaro , Guèze Maximilien , Garcés Ariadna , Mallo Miguel , Vila‐Gómez Margarita , Vilaseca Marina
Published: November 2015

Local knowledge has been proposed as a place‐based tool to ground‐truth climate models and to narrow their geographic sensitivity. To assess the potential role of local knowledge in our quest to understand better climate change and its impacts, we first need to critically review the strengths and weaknesses of local knowledge of climate change and the potential complementarity with scientific knowledge. With this aim, we conducted a systematic, quantitative meta‐analysis of published peer‐reviewed documents reporting local indicators of climate change (including both local observations of climate change and observed impacts on the biophysical and the social systems). Overall, primary data on the topic are not abundant, the methodological development is incipient, and the geographical extent is unbalanced. On the 98 case studies documented, we recorded the mention of 746 local indicators of climate change, mostly corresponding to local observations of climate change (40%), but also to observed impacts on the physical (23%), the biological (19%), and the socioeconomic (18%) systems. Our results suggest that, even if local observations of climate change are the most frequently reported type of change, the rich and fine‐grained knowledge in relation to impacts on biophysical systems could provide more original contributions to our understanding of climate change at local scale.WIREs Clim Change2016, 7:109–124. doi: 10.1002/wcc.374

This article is categorized under:

Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge
Putting flexible animal prospection into context: escaping the theoretical box
Authors: Osvath Mathias
Published: November 2015

The debate on non‐human future‐oriented cognition has long revolved around the question whether such cognition at all occurs. Closer inspection reveals just how much cognition in general—down to its simplest forms—is geared toward predicting the future in a bid to maintain homeostasis and fend off entropy. Over the course of life's existence on Earth, evolution and natural selection have, through a series of evolutionary arms races, gotten increasingly good at achieving this. Prospection has reached its current pinnacle based partly on a system for episodic cognition that—as research increasingly is showing—is not limited principally to human beings. Nevertheless, and despite some notable recent defections, many researchers remain convinced of the merits of the Bischof–Köhler Hypothesis with its claim that no species other than human beings is able to anticipate future needs or otherwise live in anything other than the immediate present moment. What might, at first, appear to be empirical disputes turn out to reveal largely unquestioned theoretical divides. Without due care, one risks setting out conditions for ‘true’ future orientation that are irrelevant for describing human cognition. In sorting out the theoretical and terminological muddle framing contemporary debate, this article makes a plea for moving beyond past dogmas while putting animal prospection research into the context of evolution and contemporary cognitive science. WIREs Cogn Sci 2016, 7:5–18. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1372

This article is categorized under:

Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition
Prediction of Lateral Pelvic Lymph‐Node Metastasis in Low Rectal Cancer by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Ishibe Atsushi , Ota Mitsuyoshi , Watanabe Jun , Suwa Yusuke , Suzuki Shinsuke , Kanazawa Amane , Watanabe Kazuteru , Ichikawa Yasushi , Kunisaki Chikara , Endo Itaru
Published: November 2015

Objective

This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for lateral pelvic lymph‐node metastasis.

Patients

Eighty‐four patients with primary lower rectal cancer were examined by MRI and subsequently underwent radical surgery with lateral pelvic lymph‐node dissection, without preoperative treatment. Lateral lymph‐node metastases were assessed preoperatively by MRI, and the results were compared with the histopathological findings. The criterion for lateral lymph‐node metastasis was any recognizable lymph node in the pelvic wall, regardless of diameter.

Result

Lateral pelvic lymph‐node metastasis was diagnosed on preoperative MRI in 16 patients (19.9 %). The overall patient‐based sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of MRI were 75, 69.1, 36.4, 92.2, and 70.2 %, respectively. When a cut‐off value of 10 mm was used for diagnosis, the corresponding values were 43.8, 98.5, 87.5, 88.1, and 88.1 %, respectively. The mean diameter of metastatic nodes (14.7 mm) was significantly larger than that of negative nodes (5.7 mm; P < 0.01).

Conclusion

MRI is an effective technique for predicting lateral pelvic node involvement and thus may facilitate preoperative decision‐making in rectal cancer treatment. A cut‐off value of 10 mm is useful for avoiding unnecessary lateral lymph‐node dissection.