bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil Chemical Attributes, Soil Type, and Rainfall Effects on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Cotton Fiber Yield Variability
Authors: Rojo Baio Fabio Henrique , Neves Danilo Carvalho , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo
Published: October 2019

Understanding of how crop yield is influenced by interactions between the soil and environment is needed to minimize agricultural inputs and reduce the impacts of agriculture on the environment. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soil chemical attributes, soil type, and rainfall on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields and yield variability. In this study, the average cotton fiber yield was collected from 101 fields over nine crop seasons. In these fields, located in central Brazil, the average and standard deviation of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were determined. Growing season rainfall and soil nutrients were measured. The variables analyzed were: average cotton fiber yield, NDVI from Landsat images calculated at the boll development phenological stage (enlargement and fiber filling phases), CV of the NDVI, precipitation during the cycle, and soil chemical attributes. The average field NDVI values collected at the boll development phenological stage were correlated to yield (r = 0.50; p < 0.05). Fields with a higher CV for the NDVI values generally had lower yields. The effect of precipitation depends on the cotton phenological stage and soil type. A high rainfall volume at the beginning of the cropping cycle increased plant height variability, which harmed the cotton fiber yield. The highest average values of aluminum content, aluminum saturation, and potential acidity promoted variability in cotton plant growth. Soil chemical attributes related to aluminum were negatively correlated with yield (r = −0.34; p > 0.05).

Core Ideas

Annual averages of NDVI and yield presented a significant correlation.

The effect of precipitation depends on the cotton phenological stage and soil type.

Soil chemical variables related to aluminium are negatively correlated with the yield.
Investigation of Data Assimilation Methods for Soil Parameter Estimation with Different Types of Data
Authors: Zha Yuanyuan , Zhu Penghui , Zhang Qiuru , Mao Wei , Shi Liangsheng
Published: October 2019

Core Ideas

Groundwater level data require EnRML for better interpretation.

Different methods perform similarly when assimilating surface soil moisture data.

Soil water pressure head data are the most valuable in terms of parameter estimation.

MCMC performs well in homogeneous soil but degrades in heterogeneous soil.

The EnKF method relies more on a relatively large number of ensembles than does EnRML.

In the past few decades, different data assimilation methods have been proposed to estimate soil parameters. It is not clear whether a straightforward sampling approach is sufficient or whether a linear filter or even an advanced nonlinear filter is needed to interpret the potential information carried by different data types (e.g., pressure head and water content data from multiple depths, easily available surface soil moisture data, and groundwater level data). In this study, three classical data assimilation methods, i.e., the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), the ensemble randomized maximum likelihood filter (EnRML), and the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), were investigated numerically in terms of the utility to cope with three different types of observations. Results show that, compared with the EnKF approach, EnRML is a superior method to extract the parameter information from observations. The MCMC approach performs well in homogeneous soil but not in heterogeneous soil. Regardless of the data assimilation methods and the soil heterogeneity, point‐scale soil water pressure head data are the most valuable in terms of soil parameter estimation, followed by groundwater level data, which require a nonlinear filter to interpret. A smaller observation error for groundwater level data leads to obviously improved parameter estimates by using EnRML with a slight improvement by using EnKF. The stable performance of the EnKF method relies more heavily on a relatively large number of ensembles than the EnRML method, whereas only a few ensemble members are needed for EnRML in a homogeneous soil column.
Can Drip Irrigation be Scheduled with Cosmic‐Ray Neutron Sensing?
Authors: Li Dazhi , Schrön Martin , Köhli Markus , Bogena Heye , Weimar Jannis , Jiménez Bello Miguel Angel , Han Xujun , Martínez Gimeno Maria Amparo , Zacharias Steffen , Vereecken Harry , Hendricks Franssen Harrie‐Jan
Published: October 2019

Core Ideas

Cosmic‐ray neutron sensing (CRNS) was used in a drip‐irrigated field.

Soil water content was estimated from CRNS.

Neutron transport was simulated for the drip‐irrigated field.

CRNS has limitations for irrigation scheduling of drip‐irrigated fields.

Irrigation is essential for maintaining food production in water‐scarce regions. The irrigation need depends on the water content of the soil, which we measured with the novel technique of cosmic‐ray neutron sensing (CRNS). The potential of the CRNS technique for drip irrigation scheduling was explored in this study for the Picassent site near Valencia, Spain. To support the experimental evidence, the neutron transport simulation URANOS was used to simulate the effect of drip irrigation on the neutron counts. The overall soil water content (SWC) in the CRNS footprint was characterized with a root mean square error <0.03 cm3/cm3, but the experimental dataset indicated methodological limitations to detect drip water input. Both experimental data and simulation results suggest that the large‐area neutron response to drip irrigation is insignificant in our specific case using a standard CRNS probe. Because of the small area of irrigated patches and short irrigation time, the limited SWC changes due to drip irrigation were not visible from the measured neutron intensity changes. Our study shows that CRNS modeling can be used to assess the suitability of the CRNS technique for certain applications. While the standard CRNS probe was not able to detect small‐scale drip irrigation patterns, the method might be applicable for larger irrigated areas, in drier regions, and for longer and more intense irrigation periods. Since statistical noise is the main limitation of the CRNS measurement, the capability of the instrument could be improved in future studies by larger and more efficient neutron detectors.
Traceological Analysis of Bone Artifacts in Archeology
Authors: Valkov I. A.
Published: October 2019

The paper features the problems of traceological analysis of ancient artifacts made from animal bones. The exceptional importance of bone objects as an archaeological source cannot be overestimated. The authors studied Russian and foreign scientific literature and summarized their own experience of trace examination of bone artifacts from Bronze Age monuments of the forest-steppe Altai. The paper describes some methodological problems that arise during trace examination of archaeological bone collections. It studies the material, technological, functional, and taxonomic features of macro- and micro-surfaces of bone artifacts that make the examination different from analysis of stone artifacts and have to be taken into account. The leading factor is the raw material features of the bone. They cause an accelerated process of formation and destruction of traces on the surface of tools and products, the possibility of using bone material in various physical states, as well as the presence of deformations and traces of a natural (biological) nature. The authors challenge the thesis that the method applied to trace examination of stone objects can be transferred to bone tools and products. They declare that bone artifacts require specialized methods and techniques.
Educational Institutions of Labor Reserves in Western Siberia at the Beginning of the Great Patriotic War (1941–1942)
Authors: Dokuchaeva I. G.
Published: October 2019

The evacuation of industrial enterprises, educational institutions, and millions of Soviet citizens during the Great Patriotic War is a tragic page in the history of Russia. This complex operation involved the evacuation and placement of hundreds of schools and factory training institutions in the rear areas of the country. The article describes the scale and complexity of the restoration of the work of educational institutions of Labor Reserves in the conditions of Western Siberia at the initial stage of the war. It includes an analysis of the restructuring process of Labor Reserve schools. The author evaluates the importance of mobilization measures taken to attract young people to accelerated vocational training. The paper also features the problem of the relationship between the management of the Labor Re-serves and the industrial and transport enterprises where students had to do practical training and got employed after graduation. The research offers a comparative statistics of growth in the number of educational institutions and stu-dents.
Tsarist Policy in Relation to the Ethnic Regions of Russia in XVI–XIX Centuries
Authors: Zemtsov B. N.
Published: October 2019

The paper features the policy of the royal government of Russia towards ethnic regions. There are different views on these regions in modern historiography. The ambiguous situation is primarily due to the fact that progressive single-nation states and ethnic regions were studied without taking into account the general historical situation. The present research was based on the assumption that multi-ethnic countries have a great development potential. From the XVI century on, the authorities were aware of the ethnic differences between the Russians and the population of the new territories. However, they did not perceive ethnicity as the main social marker. The social criteria chosen by the authorities included religion, class, and place of residence, i. e. they were of supranational character. The author believes that the heterogeneous policy of Tsarist Russia towards ethnic provinces, lacking as it was, ensured the viability of the state and contributed to the gradual integration of various ethnicities.
Economic Policy in the Field of Forest Exploitation in the Baltic States of the First Half of the XVIII Century
Authors: Lupanova E. M.
Published: October 2019

The research featured the economic policy in the sphere of forest exploitation led by St. Petersburg government in the Baltic region. The paper describes the policy and reveals the mechanisms of its elaboration and change. The study is based on the fundamental principles of historical research, such as historicism and consistency. The basic ideas involve multifactority of historical process, problematic and chronological principals of the narrative, as well as the instrumental and technological approach to the theory of modernization. When Peter the Great’s set up the Russian Navy, it stimulated the development of trade and mobilized all kinds of recourses, including timber logging. The dilemma "trade development vs. rational recourse usage" from the very beginning became an acute problem of state policy and remained urgent for many decades to follow. Forest exploitation in the Baltic region in the XVIII century was the zone of various conflicts: private interests vs. those of the state, local businessmen vs. Russians, traditional technologies vs. modernization, Admiralty vs. Commerce-College, local administration vs. central power, etc. The research focuses on the dynamics of economic policy and social communication with the power. The study is based on a number of published and archival sources. The mainstreams of the process were: complains about overuse of forests; revisions that followed the complains; limitations and bans of export, as well as confiscations; merchants’ complains about personal bankrupts and general trade-fall. Throughout the whole century, these activities determined the general situation in the Baltic region, thus keeping the problem of resource saving in the focus of the attention of the central government, which had to edit new local and imperial laws. This stability was especially remarkable in the circumstances of constant palace coups that were often followed by policy-course changes. The research increases the historiography experience of economic policy studies. The Baltic region, which had strong contacts with the western culture, was one of the leading ones in Russia. There the processes of modernization were faster and easier adapted, if compared with other regions; they sometimes even stimulated the central government for further improvements. The main factors that determine the development of the policy included: active communication between the central power and the local society, which was bound with strong corporative relations; modernization processes, displayed in the consolidation of central power and state hierarchy, regulatory activity, bureaucratization, development of goods / money relations, and the development of modern technologies.
Mount Turu-Alty in the Mountain Altai and the Identification Problem of Ancient Shrines
Authors: Martynov A. I. , Sivina K. N. , Meshcherskiy R. D.
Published: October 2019

The paper features the problem of identification of natural-historical shrines in the case of petroglyphs of Mount TuruAlty in Kosh-Agachsk district of the Altai Republic. Currently, all rock art sites in Southern Siberia are considered in scientific literature as rock art monuments. The authors studied the Mount Turu-Alty, the location of the petroglyphs, and other archaeological monuments in the neighborhood. As a result, they offer a different scientific interpretation of the monument as a natural-historical shrine. On the mountain top there is a rocky platform with a vertically standing large stone that faces the south and is completely covered with images. In the vicinity, there are several stone mounds. The mountain top is clearly visible from the foot on the sides of the southern slope. From this center, there are two ridges of large stones extending down to the right and left: they go round the terrace-like platforms of the steep southern slope. This natural formation has the shape of an amphitheater. On its top, there is an altar-like large stone. Standing at the foot of the southern slope, one cannot but feel the sacredness of this natural formation. On the large boulders that frame the southern slope, there are grouped and single etchings of animals. The field studies revealed images on 271 stones; 97 of the images are grouped, most are thematic. According to the plots, most of the images refer to the first millennium BC and the first half of first millennium AD. At the beginning of the first millennium BC, in the early Saka period, Mount Turu-Alty obviously acquired a special sacred status and began to function as a natural-historical shrine. The "altar" stone played a special role in this geological composition. It stands vertically on the top of the mountain, and its southern side is covered with 101 images of stylized deer, sheep, and goats. The stone is the main symbol of Turu-Alty. In the center, there are two large figures of deer flying to the east. All the other silhouettes are much smaller; all but one face the east. The animals are subject to eastward movement towards the sun. The authors consider the Turu-Alty complex as a natural-historical shrine from the period of the first millennium BC – first millennium AD.
The Historiography and the Sources on the Development of the Dwellings of the Khakass and Russian Long-Term Residents of the Khakass-Minusinsk Region in XVIII–XXI Centuries
Authors: Prishchepa Ye. V.
Published: October 2019

The paper features the historiography and scientific sources on the traditional housing development of Khakass and Russian long-term residents of the Khakass-Minusinsk region in XVIII–XXI centuries. The research analyzed and summarized the pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and Post-Soviet material on the research topic. The analysis revealed that the traditional housing development of the Khakass-Minusinsk residents remains understudied. Scientists made certain attempts to generalize the available material and systematize, characterize, and chronologically organize the known types of Khakass dwellings. However, some issues on the genesis of the certain types of dwelings of both indigenous and foreign population of the KhakassMinusinsk region still remain understudied. There are no comprehensive works that trace all the stages, levels, and nature of multicultural interaction in the manor-housing culture of these groups of population. Ethnographers still have no generally accepted point of view whether the Siberian classifications can be applied to the Khakass dwellings. The scientific sources, however chaotic, make it possible to trace the development of the dwellings in the Khakass-Minusinsk region and provide the research of the complicated processes of the housing genesis in the XVIII–XXI centuries during cultural interaction.
The Search Possibilities of the Ancient Ore Mining Sites in the North of the Kuznetsky Alatau
Authors: Savelieva A. S.
Published: October 2019

The foothills of the North-Western Kuznetsky Alatau are considered as the copper-ore base of the Tagar archaeological culture. The paper introduced some published data on copper deposits on the banks of the river Kia and the bordering area of the Kuznetsky Alatau. Map-marking revealed the geographical the connection between the Koghuh tectonic area, the Central-Martaiga structure-formaton area, and the Tagar archaeological sites. The research registered the known settlements on the Kemerovo region territory with signs of the bronze industry (copper-bronze artifacts, tools for ore crushing, slag) related to Tagar and transitional Tagar-Tashtik Epoch. The peculiarities of such sites demonstrated the localization of the bronze industry process in the some fortified and stable settlements. The comparison of geochemical admixtures revealed the differences of copper-ore origin at the developed stage of Tagar culture and the transitional Tagar-Tashtik stage. This can be explained by the difference in geography of the sites as related to the copper deposits of North-Western, Northern, and North-Eastern Kuznetsky Alatau foothills. The authors believe that the banks of the Kia and its left tributaries, the Koghuh and the Kundat, can reveal some ancient copper mining archaeological sites in the future.
Petroglyphs of Mount Kremennaya and Problems of Their Chronology
Authors: Sovetova O. S. , Shishkina O. O. , Abolonkova I. V.
Published: October 2019

The paper features rock art images of Kremennaya mountain, which is situated in the North-West part of Tepsey archeological microdistrict. The images were discovered by Kemerovo archeologists in 2015. The opening of the petroglyph site replenished the collection of graphic sources of one of the largest rock art sites of the Minusinsk Basin. It also revealed a completely new graphic tradition of the late Bronze Age. In total, four surfaces covered with rock carvings were found, i.e. 52 distinct figures. They are presumably related to the Karasuk and Tagar cultures. According to the stylistic characteristics of Bronze Age, at least two art traditions were distinguished in the context of Karasuk culture: "Wire" figures and "full-weight" silhouette characters). Similar images were found in other site of the Tepsey mountains. Excavations performed in the 1960s revealed that Tepsey archaeological microdistrict has both burial and settlement sites of two chronological stages of the Karasuk culture (XIII to XI centuries, BC). The images of Kremennaya mount provide a more detailed understanding of Tepsey, which is one of the largest rock art sites of Minusinsk basin.
Empirical Results of Practical Application of Psychological and Pedagogic Support of Fatherhood Readiness
Authors: Borisenko Yu. V.
Published: October 2019

The paper features empirical studies of various technologies of psychological and pedagogic support of fatherhood readiness in adolescences and adults. It also focuses on constructive strategies of fatherhood in adults. The study involved 179 participants including 40 adolescents, whose mean age in the beginning of the study was 16,5 and for the control group – 16,4; and 139 adult males who were also divided into experimental group (mean age=32) and control group (mean age=33). The statistic analysis of the data included descriptive statistic, T-test and dispersion analysis. The results helped to assess the effects of described technologies. The results will be interesting for family consultants and gender researchers.
Sociocultural Factors of Mental Health in Children Primary Schoolers
Authors: Kuftyak E. V. , Tikhonova I. V.
Published: October 2019

The present research featured a theoretical analysis of the concept "mental health" within the framework of the system and level approach. The paper focuses on factors and conditions of mental health, as well as on the effect of sociocultural factors on emotional problems and deviations in the behavior of primary schoolers. The experiment involved 131 primary schoolers (girls – 48,1 %; mean age=10,2): 53 pupils of a grammar school, 54 pupils of a comprehensive school, and 24 pupils of a rural school. The research included their relationships with parents, mental health, and social living conditions. The children from the grammar school demonstrated more pronounced behavioral and communicative problems. The children from the rural school had a more distinct pro-social orientation of behavior. Male sex appeared to be a risk factor of mental health deviations. Urban children demonstrated more difficult relations with peers, as well as internality and externality or problems. Good relations with parents acted as a nonspecific factor of mental health protection. The obtained data have a certain value for prevention of mental development deviations in primary schoolers.
Psychological Scenarios and Indicators of Non-Equilibrium State of the Person at the Borderline Situation
Authors: Shapoval I. A.
Published: October 2019

The paper describes the structural and procedural picture of the unity of the non-equilibrium state of the individual and a borderline situation. The subject of the study was limited to the situation of loss, for which it was necessary to identify possible scenarios and systematize psychological indicators. The study employed an integrative analysis and synthesis of theoretical and applied works in the fields of personality psychology, crisis and clinical psychology, psychotherapy, and psychological counseling. The unity of one’s state and situation appeared to provide the psychological links of the event, one’s personal predispositions, interpretations, experience, and behavior. The situation unfolds in the external and internal (mental state) reality, which do not coincide. An essential role in correlating of information about the state of the internal and the external and the emergence of a particular state belongs to the psychological boundaries of the individual. The situation of loss reflects the disintegration of one’s internal and external realities and the psychological impasse: the time-space "in between" the previous ego, the future ego and the present ego, which is partially destroyed. The uncontrolled value-semantic "hanging" correlates with the critical non-equilibrium state of a person. The content markers of their unity are confusion, ambivalence, "breakdown" of the ego boundaries, temporal effects, semantic disregulation, disintegration, alienation, and a burnout. Intolerance to ambivalence of a situation means getting into a border situation. The possibility of a constructive or destructive way out of this situation is indicated by affective expansion or semantic dysregulation and disintegration of the personality. Leaving a borderline situation behind requires a change of the state, attitudes, values, and meanings by restoring the eroded or destroyed boundaries of the ego. For this purpose, the borders and the situation connected with them must acquire the status of a problem and a "place" of opportunity in one’s mind.
Electronic Literary Text in the Framework of Post-Structuralism Textology
Authors: Kuchina S. A.
Published: October 2019

The article features the phenomenon of electronic literary text. The research objective was to identify the structural and semantic features of electronic literary texts within the framework of post-structuralism. The electronic literary text resulted not only from the development of information technology: it is also the product of the development of philosophical and linguistics ideas of post-structuralism. The post-structuralism perspective was not repeated exactly on the technological level of the electronic text representation. However, the post-structuralist text theory was reflected in the electronic literary text structure, i.e. its rhizomatic, decentered, fragmentary, intertextual, and simulation character. In particular, the attempt to build cohesion of semiotically diverse components in the electronic environment reflects the post-structuralists idea of chaos and disorganization. The attempt to provide the navigation in this multi-component unity by the key-word hyperlinks reflects the idea of the total interconnectivity of all structural components, i.e. intertextuality. The phenomenon of intertextuality defines the culmination of decenterment and nomadism in the text theory. It is connected with the rhizomatic concept and hypertextuality. The research used electronic literary texts based on Adobe Flash and HTML. The research employed general scientific methods, such as monitoring and description, in conjunction with the method of comparative linguistic analysis. The author concludes that the text perception and electronic virtual world immersion become much more important than the artifacts in the electronic literature of XXI century. The electronic literary text became the poststructuralist concept of the new esthetic object, lost its integrity and composition stability, and opened itself to external input.
The Dialogical Nature of Localized Filmonyms
Authors: Pankratova S. A.
Published: October 2019

The article introduces readers to the problem of localization of English filmonyms as exemplified by a subgroup of film titles with a dialogic nature. The research features the phenomena of mass communication discursivity based on film titles with a dialogic nature in modern Russian film distribution. The method of typological synchronous comparison (juxtaposition) allowed the author to compare filmonyms and their translations in order to discover their functional peculiarities, similarities, and differences. The material shows that modern cinematography, unlike film industry abroad, makes an active use of dialogical filmonyms as a manipulative instrument of attracting filmgoers to cinema halls. The translation activates an adaptive tactics in order to accustom filmonyms to the peculiarities of the accepting cultural background. The classification revealed that a range of filmonyms with a dialogical nature, i. e. exclamations, stickers, appeals, declarations, and questions, reflect the mass conscience due to their emotivity. In the last decades, the shift in mass conscience signifies the tendency for tolerance to everything immodest, impudent, seductive, and blatant, which was previously uncharacteristic for the Russian film industry. The article postulates that learning a foreign language implies the ability to tune on the same wavelength with the foreign culture, whereas disrespect for the foreign cultural specifics doesn’t facilitate the cultural dialogue and mutual understanding.
Structure and Characteristics of the Concept "Economic Headline" in German Linguaculture
Authors: Chertousova S. V.
Published: October 2019

The research features an analysis of the headlines of economic articles published in German periodicals after the global economic crisis. The paper gives a theoretical basis of the conceptual nature of headlines and characterizes the phenomenon as a textual linguacultural concept. The subject of the present research is verbal representations of the concept "economic headline" to be found in German economic media discourse. The paper focuses on the description of the process of headline cognition that the recipient performs by interpreting the foreknowledge inherent to a headline. The analysis revealed different cognitive strategies of text producers and the variation in the verbal content of headlines. All the headings of economic articles published in German periodicals actualize the concept of "economic heading". The frequent inclusion of headline complex elements into the process of text cognition is typical for modern economic headlines. Their multilevel structure allows keeping the maximum information content as it provides the recipient with the necessary foreknowledge concerning the subject area of the article. This method accelerates the headline cognition process and results from the fact that the recipient has no time to read the whole article. The established norms of headline construction in German journalism reflect the cognition of economic reality in German linguaculture.
Nanoparticles from Actinobacteria: A Potential Target to Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Sivasankar Palaniappan , Poongodi Subramaniam , Seedevi Palaniappan , Kalaimurugan Dharman , Sivakumar Murugesan , Loganathan Sivakumar
Published: October 2019

Nanoparticles have gained significant importance in the past two decades, due to their multifaceted
applications in the field of nanomedicine. As our ecosystems and habitats are changing due to global warming,
many new diseases are emerging continuously. Treating these costs a lot of money and mostly ends up in failure.
In addition, frequent use of antibiotics to control the emerging diseases has led the pathogens to develop resistance
to antibiotics. Hence, the nanoparticles are targeted to treat such diseases instead of the costly antibiotics. In
particular, the biosynthesized nanoparticles have received considerable attention due to their simple, eco-friendly
and promising activity. To highlight, microbial mediated nanoparticles have been found to possess higher activity
and thus have a promising role in antimicrobial therapy to fight against the emerging drug-resistant pathogens. In
this context, this review article is aimed at highlight the role of nanoparticles in the field of nanomedicine and
importance of actinobacteria in the nanoparticle synthesis and their need in antimicrobial therapy. This is a comprehensive
review, focusing on the potential of actinobacteria-mediated nanoparticles in the field of nanomedicine.
Co-designing a Mobile Gamified Attention Bias Modification Intervention for Substance Use Disorders: Participatory Research Study
Authors: Zhang Melvyn , Heng Sandor , Song Guo , Fung Daniel SS , Smith Helen E
Published: October 2019

Background

Advances in experimental psychology have highlighted the need to modify underlying automatic cognitive biases, such as attentional biases. The effectiveness of bias modification has been well studied for substance use disorders. With recent advances in technology, it is now possible to work outside the laboratory with Web-based and mobile-based attention bias interventions. Gamification technologies might also help diminish the repetitiveness of the task and increase the intrinsic motivation to train. The inconsistent findings of the impact of gaming on the effectiveness of mobile interventions call for further work to better understand the needs of patients (users) and health care professionals.

Objective

The aim of this study was to involve patients, together with health care professionals, in the design of a gamified mobile attention bias modification intervention for substance use disorders.

Methods

The participatory design research method adopted is that of a user-oriented design approach in the form of a future workshop. In the first phase of the workshop, participants shared their critique of an attention bias modification intervention. In the second phase of the workshop, participants were asked to brainstorm features. Participants were also shown gamification approaches and asked to consider if gaming elements could enhance the existing app. In the last phase, participants were asked to sketch a new prototype.

Results

Three co-design workshops were conducted with health care professionals, inpatients, and outpatients. There were 20 participants, consisting of 10 health care professionals and 10 patients. When asked to identify the limitations in the existing app, common issues identified were those of the design, visual probe task, and the included images. Outpatients were also concerned with the safety of administration of the intervention. In the brainstorming sessions, health care professionals made recommendations as to how the stimulus, the mechanism of responding, and the presentation of the scores could be enhanced. Inpatient participants recommended the addition of functionalities, such as information on the harms associated with the substance use, and for there to be enhancements in the design, images, and task. Outpatient participants perceived a need to improve the images and presentation of the results and recommended the inclusion of gaming features. There were differences in opinion on the inclusion of gaming features, as only health care professionals endorsed their inclusion. In the last phase of the workshop, participants were tasked with the conceptualization of prototypes, and the commonality in the design was for a gradual shortening of the interval for stimulus/image presentation.

Conclusions

The results from this research will guide the development of an app that meets the specific needs of patients and is still based on a pre-existing validated task paradigm.
Comparison between Flipped Classroom and Video cum Lecture-based Classroom for Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support among Medical graduates (Preprint)
Authors: Jenifer Sahana
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Traditional lecture based classrooms provide a learning platform which engages the students in a passive process which may be tedious, and inadequate to sharpen the skills required, especially in the medical community. Flipped classrooms, and team-based learning on the other hand, actively requires the participation of the students, continuously challenging them to learn, understand, discuss, analyse, and resolve.
Since the introduction of flipped classrooms, its effectiveness has been demonstrated in various fields of education over the years including medical education.

OBJECTIVE

The aim is to compare the effects of learning in a flipped classroom and in a video cum lecture based classroom, during an advanced cardiovascular life support course, amongst medical professionals of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, India.

METHODS

In a retrospective study, 100 participants were selected at random. 50 were taught in a flipped classroom session and 50 were taught in a video cum lecture-based classroom. Pre-test and post-test results were collected from all participants, the results of which were used to compare the efficiency of the two methods.

RESULTS

In flipped classrooms, a significant improvement of the scores were recorded (P <0.001). From an average of 84.62% in the pre-tests, an average of 90.52% in the post-tests were seen. Along with this, an overall of 96% pass rate was seen among participants. In video cum lecture based classrooms however, an improvement was in fact seen, although one that was not statistically significant as that in flipped classrooms (P =0.394). From an average of 81.82% in the pre-tests, the post-test scores improved to an average of 83.44%. The overall pass rate was also significantly lower here with only 58%.

CONCLUSIONS

Flipped classrooms and team-based learning have demonstrated better results compared to video cum lecture-based classrooms.
Digital brief interventions for addictive behaviors and mood disorders: analysis of 213,040 completed interventions assessing cannabis use, alcohol consumption, gambling, tobacco use, depression and anxiety (Preprint)
Authors: van Mierlo Trevor , Fournier Rachel
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Internet-based screening tools offering tailored outputs are rapidly expanding in use and sophistication. The emerging literature on digital health screening tools could benefit from data outlining the types of users who have previously accessed interventions and screening tools.

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this manuscript is to highlight the various profiles of users who seek assistance from digital health screening tools. A second objective is to highlight the opportunity to deliver brief interventions that contain tailored outputs destined to promote positive health behavior change and motivate users to seek assistance from their health care professional.

METHODS

Data were extracted and analyzed from CheckYourCannabis.net (CYC), CheckYourDrinkingU.net (CYD-U), CheckYourGambling.net (CYG), CheckYourSmoking (CYS), and the Web-Based Depression & Anxiety Test (WB-DAT). The study included analysis of data from users who did not self-identify as healthcare professionals from November 19, 2007 to April 17, 2019 (4,168 days).

RESULTS

Over the study period 212,900 interventions were completed. 49% (n=160,231) identified as female, and the average reported age was 31. The average ASSIST score for CYC users was 16.5 (range 0-27+), the average AUDIT score for CYD-U users was 8.4 (range 0-40), the average PGSI score for problem gamblers was 12.0 (0-8+), and the average Fagerström score for CYS users was 4.6 (range 0-8). 37% (n=220) of CYC users indicated that they smoked cannabis daily, and 80% (n=7,562) of CYD-U users reported drinking more than five drinks on one occasion within the past few months. The most frequent type of 13 gambling behaviors reported by CYG users was instant win tickets or daily lottery tickets (76%, n=1800), and lottery tickets, raffles or fund-raising tickets (76%, n=1790). The most frequent diagnosis for WB-DAT users was Generalized Anxiety Disorder (46%, n=90,092). Other frequencies of behaviors reported by users are presented and discussed.

CONCLUSIONS

Many individuals with addictive behaviors and mood and anxiety disorders are drawn to digital health interventions. There were gender-specific differences in the utilization of the mood and anxiety disorders tool compared to the substance abuse brief interventions. As the interventions in this study were not advertised, and the populations accessing them were self-seeking, there may be an opportunity to reach many more users with well-promoted programs.
Building Capacity and Training for Digital Health: Challenges and Opportunities in Latin America (Preprint)
Authors: Curioso Walter H
Published: October 2019

UNSTRUCTURED

Tackling global health challenges demands the appropriate use of available technologies. Although digital health could significantly improve health care access, use, quality, and outcomes, realizing this possibility requires personnel trained in digital health. There is growing evidence of the benefits of digital health for improving the performance of health systems and outcomes in developed countries. However, significant gaps remain in resource-constrained settings. Technological and socio-cultural disparities between different regions or between provinces within the same country are prevalent. Rural areas, where the promise and need are highest, are particularly deprived. In Latin America, there is an unmet need for training and building the capacity of professionals in digital health. This viewpoint paper aims to present a selection of experiences in building digital health capacity in Latin America to illustrate a series of challenges and opportunities for strengthening digital health training programs in resource-constrained environments. These describe how a successful digital health ecosystem for Latin America requires culturally relevant and collaborative research and training programs in digital health. These programs should be responsive to the needs of all relevant regional stakeholders, including government agencies, non–governmental organizations, industry, academic or research entities, professional societies, and communities. This paper highlights the role that collaborative partnerships can play in sharing resources, experiences, and lessons learned between countries to optimize training and research opportunities in Latin America.
MINERAL POTENTIAL MAPPING USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) FOR GOLD MINERALIZATION IN WEST JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Sirisokha Seang , Setijadji Lucas Donny , Warmada I Wayan
Published: October 2019

Western Java is a part of the Sunda Banda magmatic belt. This belt is well known to be host for several gold deposits in Indonesia, the distribution of 107 Au occurrences in this area was examined in terms of spatial association with various geological phenomena. The goal of this project is to use GIS to conduct weights of evidence (WofE) model for gold mineralization in West Java, Indonesia. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, querying, analyzing, and displaying geospatial data and weight of evidence method is one of the most important datadriven methods for mapping in GIS. The method is a probability based on technique for mapping mineral potential using the spatial distribution of known mineral occurrences. Therefore this method is very useful for gold potential mapping. There are six evidences maps such as NE–SW lineaments NW–SE Lineament, host rocks, heat sources, clay alteration and limonitic alteration, have been combined using a weights of evidence model to predict gold potential in West Java. The best predictive map generated by this method deﬁnes 21.62% (9902 km) of study area as favourable zones for gold mineralization further exploration work. It predicts correctly 74 (92.5%) of the 80 model deposits and predicts correctly 26 (96.35%) of the 27 validation deposits, has 6 main 2 prospective target for future exploration are located in Bayah Dome, southern mountain, Honjie Igneous Complex and Bogor zone, Purwakarta. Bayah Dome is highest potential area for gold deposit like Gunung Pongor, Cikidang, Cirotan, Ciawitali, Cikotok destricts and other deposits. The potential area of Au occurrences in research area is associated with NE–SW and NW–SE structure/ lineaments, dominated surrounding the Tertiary intrusive rock unit and hosted in Miocene to Pleistocene lithology rock unit.
Bio-geochemical simulation for solute transport in Piyungan landfill, Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia
Authors: Phonhalath Keophousone , Karnawati Dwikorita , Hendrayana Heru , Prakasa Eka Putra Doni , Jinno Kenji
Published: October 2019

Piyungan Landfill is the largest in Bantul Regency. According to water quality sampling taken from a leachate pond, there are significant contaminant issues resulting from landfill leachate. The objectives of this research were achieved by applying a two-dimensional bacteria mediated reduction numerical model was applied. Method of characteristic was applied to solve the advection part of the solute transport equation. Three bacteria (X1, X2, and X3) groups were defined in the redox model. In the conceptual model, bacterial X1 utilizes oxygen under aerobic conditions and nitrate, NO-3 under aerobic conditions as electron acceptors. Consequently, under aerobic conditions bacteria X2, and X3 utilize MnO2, and Fe(OH)3 respectively as electron acceptors. In the redox model organic carbon which was defined as CH2O was considered as the electron donor for all bacteria mediated reduction reactions. The results of research are to improve the understanding of biogeochemical processes in aquifer.
The mineralogy of gold-copper skarn related porphyry at the Batu Hijau deposit, Sumbawa, Indonesia
Authors: Thwee Aye May , Pramumijoyo Subagyo , Idrus Arifudin , Setijadji Lucas Donny , Imai Akira , Araki Naoto , Arif Johan
Published: October 2019

Clacic gold-copper bearing skarn in the Batu Hijau porphyry deposit is located in the western part of Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. Skarn mineralizations were found at the deep level of the deposit (-450m to -1050mL) by drilling program 2003. No evidence around Batu Hijau has limestone although most skarn are metasomatiz ed from carbonate-rich rock as limestone or marble. Most skarn-type metasomatic alteration and mineralization occurs at the contact of andesitic volcanic rock and intermediate tonalite porphyry intrusion and within intermediate tonalite in some. Although both endoskarn and exoskarn can be developed, it has no clear minerals to known the endoskarn. Exoskarn is more principle skarn zone. The formation of skarn occurred two min stages: (1) prograde and (2) retrograde. The prograde stage is temporally and spatially divided into two sub-stages as early prograde (sub-stage I) and prograde metasomatic (sub-stage II). Sub-stage I begin immediately after the intrusion of the tonalite stock into the calcium rich volcanic rocks. Then, sub-stage II originated with segregation and evolution of a fluid phase in the pluton and its invasion into fractures and micro-fractures of host rocks developed during sub-stage I. The introduction of considerable amount of Fe, Si and Mg led to the large amounts of medium- to coarse-grained anhydrous calc-silicates. From the texture and mineralogy, the retrograde metasomatic stage can be divided into two sub-stages: (a) early retrograde and (sub-stage III) and (b) late retrograde (sub-stage IV). During sub-stage III, the previously formed skarn zones were affected by intense multiple hydro-fracturing phases in the gold-copper bearing stocks. Therefore, the considerable amounts of hydrous calc-silicates (epidote), sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite), oxides (magnetite, hematite) and carbonates (calcite) replaced the anhydrous calc-silicates. Sub-stage IV was coexisting with the intrusion of relatively low temperature, more highly oxidizing fluids into skarn system, bringing about partial alteration of the early-formed calc-silicates and developing a series of very fine-grained aggregrates of chlorite, clay, hematite and calcite.
Ground movement prediction due to block caving mining geometry using GIS
Authors: Setianto Agung , Widijanto Eman
Published: October 2019

Large scale block cave mining has been operated for over 30 years in the Erstberg Mining District in the province of Papua, Indonesia. The ore body is divided into four vertically stacked ore bodies: Gunung Bijih Timur (GBT), Intermediate Ore Zone (IOZ), Deep Ore Zone (DOZ), and Deep Mill Level Zone (DMLZ). The GBT and IOZ mines were closed on 1993 and 2003, DOZ mine is in its peak production performance 80 ktpd, and DMLZ mine is still in the development stage to prepare mine infrastructures. This situation generates gradual downward settling of the surface or subsidence. Significant deformation changes at the surface by block caving subsidence could damage the mine’s infrastructures in surface and underground and also affect geological structures overlying the mining areas which may result in surface impacts on the natural geomorphology and land use.

In this paper, integrated system based on Geographic Information System (GIS) platform applied to predict ground movements due to underground mining. Deep Ore Zone (DOZ) block cave mine is studied for subsidence prediction. The mining extraction thickness model is obtained from height of draw (HOD) observed data. Subsidence Engineering Handbook (SEH) of empirical model and measured data from mining fields is used for subsidence calculation parameters. The calculations were performed in GIS. The maximum vertical displacement has been predicted about 12m by means of full caving mining method.

Keywords: Ground movements, block caving, GIS, underground mining, and subsidence