bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of COVID-19 on Public Policy, Supply Chain Disruptions, and Monitoring Methods
Authors: J. Tse Timothy , Chicilo Farley , Popiel Jeffrey , J.T. Reaney Martin
Published: August 2022

Transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, referred to as COVID-19, has persisted beyond 2020 and led to a global pandemic with far reaching consequences. Many changes in public policy and health measures were developed and implemented with the intention of slowing the spread of the novel virus. Disruptions from the global pandemic created major supply chain consequences due to stockpiling of essential goods (alcohol-based hand sanitizers and surface disinfectants), impacts on trade routes, and limitations on modes of transportation due to border closures. Rapid increase in the use of hand sanitizers and surface disinfectants significantly affected the production capacity of high-quality ethanol (e.g., USP and FCC grade) resulting in regulatory changes in countries facing shortages. Prompt enactment of government policies allowed for use of alcohol with higher impurities to offset heightened demand and increase commercial availability. Changes in monitoring methods were also observed, where many agencies began to track viral shedding through municipal wastewater. In this chapter, we will discuss the impacts of COVID-19 on public policies and health measures, economics as it relates to supply chain disruptions, and the implementation of novel monitoring methods to survey the spread of COVID-19.
The Combined Method to Improve Heat Transfer Coefficient on Heat Exchanger
Authors: Sudarmadji Sudarmadji , Hadi Susilo Sugeng , Asrori Asrori
Published: August 2022

The heat transfer process occurs all the time around us, from simple household appliances to equipment used in large industries. Energy efficiency in large-scale use in industry is necessary because it is related to company profits. One way to save energy use in heat exchangers is to change the thermal properties of the cooling fluid. The addition of particles of the nanometer size (nanofluids) in the working fluid will improve the performance of the heat exchanger, and the main goal is the highest efficiency. In addition, there is another method to increase the heat transfer rate, namely, by vibrating the cooling fluid. This chapter will discuss combining nanofluids and ultrasonic vibrations in heat transfer processes in heat exchangers. The application of these two methods simultaneously gives rise to several advantages to the heat transfer system, will promote higher heat transfer, and at the same time function as cleaning of scale/deposits that often appear on the surface of the heat exchanger.
Boiling and Condensation
Authors: Kumar Purohit Bijoy , Hussain Zakir , Sai Prasad PVR
Published: August 2022

This chapter contains a brief overview of both boiling and condensation heat transfer phenomena. Boiling and condensation are the two convective heat transfer phenomena that involve phase change from liquid to vapour and vapour to liquid, respectively. The chapter starts with the basis of heat transfer with an emphasis on the boiling and condensation phenomenon. Next, the overview of the boiling phenomenon and its different classifications like pool, flow, and subcooled and saturated boiling are discussed in detail. Different boiling regimes (natural convection boiling, nucleate boiling, transition boiling and film boiling) with the observed heat transfer rate in the case of pool boiling are mentioned in detail using the boiling curve. The heat transfer aspect and basics of condensation with types (drop and film-wise condensation) and application are also presented. The derivation for the calculation of the rate of heat transfer during film condensation with the correlations for heat transfer coefficient on vertical, horizontal and inclined plates is explained. Some numerical for the calculation of the rate of heat transfer and heat transfer coefficient for condensation phenomena has been also been mentioned. Apart from a basic overview, this chapter also includes information about the advanced heat transfer enhancement techniques available for boiling and condensation.
New Approaches in the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Roy Morgan Lee , Jursic Branko , Ware Marcus , S. Weiner Roy
Published: August 2022

Central nervous system (CNS) malignancies are rare, but commonly fatal and glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common of the primary brain tumors. In contrast to metastatic malignancies involving the CNS, which have external blood supplies that develop when the malignant cells penetrate the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), GBM generates its own intracerebral neovascular support system. Thus, the therapeutic issues as discussed herein review the development of drugs and therapeutics that will penetrate the BBB and are cytotoxic to GBM and other brain tumors. Since GBM is a CNS malignancy with minimal effective therapeutic options available, designing drugs and therapeutics as treatment for this malignancy that penetrate, but do not disrupt the BBB is the goal of this chapter. 4-Demethylcholesteryl-4-penclomedine (DM-CHOC-PEN) was designed and developed because of its lipophilic properties that would potentiate crossing the BBB and penetrate brain tumors. The drug has now completed Phase I/II clinical trial in humans with primary brain malignancies demonstrating objective responses in GBM. In addition, preliminary experiences with naturally occurring polyphenols—curcumin, quercetin, catechins and phloretin and derivatives—are reviewed as potential naturally occurring anti-glioblastoma agents.
Abiotic Stress in Plants
Authors: Dey Shubham , Raichaudhuri Ayan
Published: August 2022

Stress in plants refers to external conditions, which drastically affect the growth, development, or productivity of plants. Stress triggers a wide range of plant responses, such as altered gene expression, cellular metabolism, changes in growth rates, and crop yields. Some abiotic stresses, such as low or high temperature, deficient water, and ultraviolet radiation, make plant growth and development unfavorable, leading to a fall in crop yield worldwide. The following writeup incorporated the abiotic stress factors related to the growth and development of plants, such as temperature, drought, heat, cold, and many more. Abiotic stress factors are the nonliving factors influencing the metabolism, growth, and development of the plant tissues at that particular time when such abiotic stress affects them. As a result of such abiotic stresses, the plants have generated many stress tolerance factors. Various stress-responsive genes are thus being formulated in response to the abiotic stresses, so the plants can survive even in such extreme conditions as well. Henceforth, it can be concluded that the abiotic stress factors imposed on the plants adversely impact their growth and developmental procedures, and at the same time, they also produce some stress tolerance factors to minimize the damage.
Amplitude-Dependent Acoustic Absorber
Authors: Zhang Jiangyi
Published: August 2022

In this chapter, we consider the design of 1D amplitude-dependent acoustic absorber, i.e., acoustic metamaterial composed of an air-filled waveguide periodically side-loaded by holes. Firstly we present experimental results about high-amplitude sound wave propagation in the structure. We find that there is not only the linear viscothermal and radiation losses, but also the nonlinear losses. High-amplitude sound waves at the locations of the side holes could introduce nonlinear losses, which is due to the geometrical discontinuity. This phenomenon could be found in experiments about amplitude-dependent reflection, transmission, and absorption coefficients. The experimental results show the possibility to use the system as a nonlinear absorber, that is, nonlinear losses change the nature of the device from a reflective to an absorbing one. Our results reveal the role of nonlinear losses in the proposed device and also provide a quite accurate analytical model to capture the effect of such losses. In the end, we analytically tune the parameters of the device and design 1D amplitude-dependent acoustic absorber.
Anomalous Charge Transport Properties and Band Flattening in Graphene: A Quasi-Relativistic Tight-Binding Study of Pseudo-Majorana States
Authors: V. Grushevskaya Halina , Krylov George
Published: August 2022

Anomalous charge carrier transport in graphene is studied within a topologically nontrivial quasi-relativistic graphene model. The model predicts additional topological contributions, such as the Majorana-like mass-term correction to the ordinary ohmic component of the current, the spin-orbital-coupling, “Zitterbewegung”-effect corrections to conductivity in space, and time dispersion regime. The corrections appear due to non-Abelian quantum statistics for the charge carriers in graphene. The chiral anomaly of electrophysical and optical properties may emerge due to a deconfinement of the pseudo-Majorana quasiparticles. It has been shown that phenomena of negative differential conductivity, loss of universal far-infrared optical conductivity, and nonzero “minimal” direct-current conductivity in graphene occur due to flattening and vorticity of the pseudo-Majorana model graphene energy bands.
Perspective Chapter: Corruption and Deterioration of Democracy – The Brazilian Lesson
Authors: Roberto D’Avila Fabio , Balducci De Oliveira Theodoro
Published: August 2022

Although it has emerged, nationally and internationally, as one of the largest investigations against political corruption, Operation Car Wash—at its peak of popular prestige—cleared the path for the political rise of Jair Bolsonaro to the Presidency of the Republic of Brazil. And by doing so, to a certain extent, it paved the way for a set of arbitrary practices that today threaten and weaken the main Brazilian democratic institutions. Brazilian democracy today pays a high price for the Judiciary’s lethargic and condescending response to the unorthodox and illegal practices of Federal Judge Sérgio Moro during the golden years of Operation Car Wash (2014–2018). The lesson that the Brazilian episode brings to the international legal community is that the constant disrespect for the rules of due criminal procedure in large cases of corruption erodes the institutional bases that support the proper confrontation of this type of crime. The pertinent fight against corruption in a democracy can only take place in strict obedience to the law.
Primary Total Arthroplasty in Stiff Knees
Authors: Teixeira de Carvalho Rogério
Published: August 2022

Knee with less than a 50° arc of motion can be considered “stiff.” The surgical exposure in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is technically challenging in the stiff knees. Other problems like longer operative time, patellar maltracking, rupture or avulsion of patellar tendon, difficulty in flexion-extension gap balancing, bone avulsion, or fracture in the distal femur can occur during TKA. It is not uncommon, and the surgeon needs an extensile surgical approach as early quadriceps release or tibial tubercle osteotomy for adequate exposure. The TKA postoperative outcome is suboptimal with less arc of motion, superficial wound problems, deep infection, and higher late revision surgeries. The rehabilitation protocol should take into account improvements in the range of motion in comparison with the preoperative status, and the patient expectations must be realistic.
Utilizing Environmental Analytical Chemistry to Establish Culturally Appropriate Community Partnerships
Authors: Credo Jonathan , C. Ingram Jani , Briehl Margaret , C. Gachupin Francine
Published: August 2022

In the United States, minority communities are disproportionately exposed to environmental contaminants due to a combination of historically discriminatory based racial policies and a lack of social political capital. American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities have additional factors that increase the likelihood of contaminant exposure. Some of these factors include the disparity of social, cultural, and political representation, differences in cultural understandings between AI/AN communities and western populations, and the unique history of tribal sovereignty in the US. Since the 1990s, research from both private and federal organizations have sought to increase research with AI/AN communities. However, although rooted in beneficence, the rift in cultural upbringing can lead to negative outcomes as well as further isolation and misrepresentation of AI/AN communities. Environmental analytical chemistry (EAC) is one approach that provides a means to establish productive and culturally appropriate collaborations with AI/AN populations. EAC is a more holistic approach that incorporates numerous elements and disciplines to understand underlying environmental questions, while allowing direct input from AI/AN communities. Additionally, EAC allows for a myriad of experimental approaches that can be designed for each unique tribal community, to maintain cultural respect and probe individual nuanced questions.
Prospects of Cassava Development in Indonesia in Supporting Global Food Availability in Future
Authors: Rozi Fachrur , Adi Anggraeni Elisabeth Dian , Krisdiana Ruly , Adri Adri , Yardha Yardha , Rina Yanti
Published: August 2022

Climate change is a major factor endangering sustainable food production. Various efforts have been made to prevent potential food shortages in future. Meanwhile, access to adequate food is an important part of human rights. In Indonesia, the opportunity for cassava development is still widely open and has potential to provide for the world’s needs in future. Cassava is well-known by farmers in Indonesia and can be easily cultivated in all areas of Indonesia, even though the soil fertility is low. The current problems are that cassava is still considered as an inferior commodity and is only used for direct consumption. Indonesia is able to meet the world\'s cassava needs only by utilizing 54% of the total available land, which is suitable for planting cassava. Cassava utilization is actually large and has potential as raw material for many strategic industries. The map of cassava development in Indonesia is in the phase of growth and product expansion (diversification). Thus, the efforts in preparing cassava in Indonesia to meet the world’s needs in future, including (1) increasing cassava productivity, (2) improving cassava added value by-product diversification, and (3) enhancing cassava bio-economy by implementing a bio-industry system integrating cassava and livestock farming.
Electromagnetic Relations between Materials and Fields for Microwave Chemistry
Authors: Sugiyama Jun-ichi , Sugiyama Hayato , Sato Chika , Morizumi Maki
Published: August 2022

We consider the application of microwave energy to a material. The effects of the electromagnetic field on the material and of the material on the electromagnetic field will be described, focusing on the dielectric relaxation phenomenon of the liquid. The dielectric permittivity of mixtures is discussed by extending Debye relaxation to explain how the material behaves with respect to an electric field. We will also consider the energy that the electric field imparts to the material, both thermally and nonthermally. We will develop this relation and describe what form it should take if there is a nonthermal effect in the chemical reaction field under microwave irradiation.
Pluralism Medical Treatment, Prevention, and Control of COVID-19 Infection and Its Long-Sufferings among the Older Adults in the Northeast of Thailand from 2019 to 2022
Authors: Homchampa Pissamai , Napattaradechanon Khemika , Yatniyom Parichat , Ratanasiri Thawalrat , Sansila Piyaporn , Sirisuk Thanawan , Ratanasiri Thawalwong , Ratanasiri Amornrat
Published: August 2022

COVID-19 in 2019 has brought both changes and challenges to the world. This global pandemic has an impact on people of all age levels, especially older adults. In Thailand, older persons are at high risk of COVID-19 infection. They are included in the so-called 608 groups. The objective of this review article was to synthesize and present medical pluralism, the development of drugs from herbs, and projects conducted to treat, prevent, and control the infection and long sufferings of COVID-19. The review covers 10 studies, three projects produced at Mahasarakham University, Chaiyaphum Rajabhat University, and Khon Kaen University that were reviewed, synthesized, and analyzed. The results of the synthesis indicate that modern and Thai traditional medicine can help reduce the severity of the infection and long sufferings of COVID-19. The medical pluralism between modern and Thai traditional medicine is needed to remedy COVID-19 cases among the older adults in the Northeast of Thailand.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Candidiasis
Authors: Musinguzi Benson , J. Sande Obondo , Mboowa Gerald , Baguma Andrew , Itabangi Herbert , Achan Beatrice
Published: August 2022

The burden of Candidiasis continues to increase and so does the Candida species. Although Candida species are closely similar phenotypically, they differ from each other in terms of epidemiology, genetic characteristics, antifungal susceptibility and virulence profile. Therefore, reliable and accurate laboratory methods for identification of Candida species can determine the Candidiasis burden and enable the administration of the most appropriate antifungal drug therapy to reduce fungal mortality rates. Conventional and biochemical methods are often used in identification of Candida species. However, these techniques are specific and sensitive enough in detecting the non albicans candida (NAC) species. Molecular techniques have improved the laboratory diagnosis and management of Candidiasis due to improved sensitivity and specificity threshold. This chapter provides an overview of different laboratory methods for diagnosis of Candidiasis.
Major Pests and Pest Management Strategies in the Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum)
Authors: Dekebo Aman
Published: August 2022

Sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum) (Solanaceae) fruits have been used as a food ingredient in Peru for more than 8,000 years. Then gradually, the plant has been cultivated in several countries worldwide. The fruits of the plant can be added to soups and stews as spices. These were reported to treat fevers, seasickness, muscle sprains, or soreness. Thrips, whiteflies, mites, and aphids were critical pests in sweet peppers. Therefore, effectively managing this important fruit to improve its yields and quality is very important. Pesticides have harmful effects on the environment and health of people. Therefore, alternative pest management strategies become more advisable to control pests of sweet pepper. These strategies including intercropping of sweet pepper with other plants, oviposition deterrents, natural enemy release, use of resistant cultivars, and eliciting plant defenses are implemented as environment-friendly control methods.
Zoonosis Aspects to Consider for Its Approach
Authors: Bastidas Gilberto
Published: August 2022

This paper constitutes a compendium of introductory aspects to consider the approach to zoonosis useful for health sciences professionals. It was based on a documentary review of scientific literature based on a narrative approach. The information found was grouped into the following chapters: the concept of zoonosis, general aspects of zoonosis, an overview of zoonosis in the world, and theoretical and methodological interventions on zoonosis. Finally, and as a contribution from the researchers, conclusions are provided.
Impact of Genetic Counseling on Patient-Reported Electronic Cancer Family History Collection
Authors: Vanderwall Rebecca A. , Schwartz Alison , Kipnis Lindsay , Skefos Catherine M. , Stokes Samantha M. , Bhulani Nizar , Weitz Michelle , Gelman Rebecca , Garber Judy E. , Rana Huma Q.
Published: August 2022

Background: Cancer family history is a vital part of cancer genetic counseling (GC) and genetic testing (GT), but increasing indications for germline cancer GT necessitate less labor-intensive models of collection. We evaluated the impact of GC on patient pedigrees generated by an electronic cancer family history questionnaire (eCFHQ). Methods: An Institutional Review Board–approved review of pedigrees collected through an eCFHQ was conducted. Paired pre-GC and post-GC pedigrees (n=1,113 each group) were analyzed independently by cancer genetic counselors for changes in patient-reported clinical history and to determine whether the pedigrees met NCCN GT criteria. Discrepancy in meeting NCCN GT criteria between pre-GC and post-GC pedigrees was the outcome variable of logistic regressions, with patient and family history characteristics as covariates. Results: Overall, 780 (70%) patients had cancer (affected), 869 (78%) were female, and the median age was 57 years (interquartile range, 45–66 years; range, 21–91 years). Of the 1,113 pairs of pre-GC and post-GC pedigrees analyzed, 85 (8%) were blank, 933 (84%) were not discrepant, and 95 (9%) were discrepant in meeting any NCCN GT criteria. Of the discrepant pedigrees, n=79 (83%) became eligible for testing by at least one of the NCCN GT criteria after GC. Patients with discrepant pedigrees were more likely to report no or unknown history of GT (odds ratio [OR], 4.54; 95% CI, 1.66–18.70; P=.01, and OR, 18.47; 95% CI, 5.04–88.73; P<.0001, respectively) and belonged to racially and/or ethnically underrepresented groups (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.08–3.25; P=.02). Conclusions: For most patients (84%), a standalone eCFHQ was sufficient to determine whether NCCN GT criteria were met. More research is needed on the performance of the eCFHQ in diverse patient populations.
A Joint Analysis for Field Goal Attempts and Percentages of Professional Basketball Players: Bayesian Nonparametric Resource
Authors: Wong-Toi Eliot , Yang Hou-Cheng , Shen Weining , Hu Guanyu
Published: August 2022

Understanding shooting patterns among different players is a fundamental problem in basketball game analyses. In this paper, we quantify the shooting pattern via the field goal attempts and percentages over twelve non-overlapping regions around the front court. A joint Bayesian nonparametric mixture model is developed to find latent clusters of players based on their shooting patterns. We apply our proposed model to learn the heterogeneity among selected players from the National Basketball Association (NBA) games over the 2018–2019 regular season and 2019–2020 bubble season. Thirteen clusters are identified for 2018–2019 regular season and seven clusters are identified for 2019–2020 bubble season. We further examine the shooting patterns of players in these clusters and discuss their relation to players’ other available information. The results shed new insights on the effect of NBA COVID bubble and may provide useful guidance for player’s shot selection and team’s in-game and recruiting strategy planning.
Homines Sacri in Contemporary War Novels: A Comparative Insider–Outsider Perspective
Authors:   Department of English Language and Literature Dhofar University, Oman, M Ikbal M Alosman  , Raihanah M.M.  ,   Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: August 2022

This paper examines the status of Iraqis in Sinan Antoon’s The Corpse Washer (2013) and Kevin Powers’ The Yellow Birds (2013) within the circumstances of war in Iraq and addresses the repercussions of the American-led 2003 war on Iraq from an insider–outsider perspective, that is, Antoon’s portrayal of his native land, Iraq, vis-à-vis that of Powers, an American who served in Iraq as a machine gunner for the US Army. This paper draws on Derek Gregory’s conception of homo sacer, which is initially derived from Agamben’s 1998 work. Homines sacri (singular: homo sacer), which emerge when the law suspends itself, are placed outside the law and can be abused and/or killed advertently. The insider–outsider perspectives in the aforementioned novels converge in the way that Iraqi civilians are given the ‘bare life’ status. The fragility and vulnerability of Iraqis in the face of American intervention can be seen both in life and death as the struggles of the living in performing the necessary Muslim ritual of cleansing and burying the deceased. However, the insider’s perspective in Antoon’s novel emphasizes the muted voices of the homines sacri.
النقود وشروطها في التراث الإسلامي- دراسة عملة "البتكوين" المعاصرة
Authors:   Department of Sharia and Islamic Studies, College of Law United Arab Emirates University, Hamza Abed Alkarim Hammad
Published: August 2022

يهدف هذا البحث إلى استقراء أدبيات التراث العلمي الإسلامي فيما يتعلق بالنقود للوقوف على وظائف النقود وشروطها مع التحقق في مدى توفر هذه الشروط والضوابط في عملة "البتكوين"، وتحديداً يحاول البحث الإجابة على الأسئلة الآتية: ما وظائف النقود التي عرضها التراث العلمي الإسلامي؟ وما الشروط التي ينبغي وجودها في النقود في ضوء التراث العلمي الإسلامي؟ وما مدى توفر هذه الشرط في عملة "البتكوين"؟ وقد اعتمد هذا البحث على منهج الاستقراء لأدبيان النقود في التراث العلمي الإسلامي وتحليلها، ثم المنهج المقارن بين موقف التراث العلمي الإسلامي وعملة "البتكوين". وقد انتهى البحث إلى أن أبرز وظائف النقود في التراث العلمي الإسلامي؛ هي: قياس قيم السلع والخدمات، ووسيط لتبادل السلع والخدمات، أما شروط الاعتماد؛ فهي: رواج النقود وقبول الناس وتعارفهم على التعامل بها، إضافة إلى ثبات القيمة واستقرارها، فضلاً عن اختصاص الدولة بإصدار العملات والنقود. أما فيما يتعلق بالمقارنة بين رؤية التراث العلمي الإسلامي لوظائف النقود وشروطها ومدى تحققها في عملة "البتكوين" فقد انتهى البحث إلى عدم توفر شروط إصدار النقود التي ذهب إليها التراث العلمي الإسلامي في عملة "البتكوين"
Rekayasa Pendidikan Bahasa Abad Ke-21: Ketekalan Nasionalisme Bahasa dan Pembinaan Budaya Melayu Baharu
Authors:   Jabatan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Kemanusiaan Fakulti Pengajian Pendidikan Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Noor Azura Mohd. Hanapi  , Fadzilah Abd. Rahman  ,   Jabatan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Kemanusiaan Fakulti Pengajian Pendidikan Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: August 2022

Bahasa Melayu merupakan bahasa yang mempunyai kemampuan menterjemah pelbagai bidang ilmu seperti Matematik, Sains, Kejuruteraan, Agama, Teknologi, Peradaban dan lain-lain yang sebenarnya menjadi tunggak falsafah ilmu. Keupayaan bahasa Melayu menjadi bahasa pengantar dan bahasa rasmi dalam kelompok negara Nusantara tidak dinafikan lagi. Keupayaan bahasa diteliti dari aspek penggunaan bahasa itu, keluwesan sifatnya dan kapasiti penutur telah menjadikan Bahasa Melayu setanding bahasa-bahasa lain di dunia menerusi perkembangan teknologi dalam bidang komunikasi. Sehubungan dengan itu, kertas konsep ini membincangkan perkembangan pendidikan bahasa Melayu pada abad ke-21 serta mengkaji mekanisme kerja pendidikan bahasa Melayu yang mengalami revolusi pendidikan dalam konteks nasionalisme bahasa dan ketekalan budaya etnik Melayu akibat daripada ledakan abad ke-21 dan dunia Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi (TMK) ini merubah pemikiran bangsa Melayu terhadap bahasa dan budaya ibundanya sendiri. Perhubungan bahasa dan budaya Melayu sebagai identiti bangsa Melayu akan disentuh dalam ketekalan nasionalime bahasa dan pembinaan budaya Melayu sejajar dengan arus perkembangan teknologi tanpa memencilkan bahasa ibunda sendiri.
من طنجة إلى جاكرتا: وحدة المعنى والمبنى في العالم الإسلامي بين ابن بطوطة وجمال حمدان
Authors:   Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, Mohamed El-Moctar El-Shinqiti
Published: August 2022

تتناول هذه الدراسة وحدة العالم الإسلامي، من ناحية المعنى (الثقافة) ومن ناحية المبنى (الجغرافيا). وهي تنطلق من أن أبلغ تعبير عن الوحدة الثقافية في العالم الإسلامي جاء في رحلة الرحّالة المغربي ابن بطوطة، وأن فكرة "الهلال/القوس" الجغرافي الإسلامي التي صاغها عالم الجغرافيا السياسية المصري جمال حمدان نواة مناسبة لنظرية جغرافية محددة المعالم للعالم الإسلامي. فجاء القسم الأول من الدراسة عرضا تحليليا لدلالات رحلة ابن بطوطة على الوحدة الثقافية الإسلامية، وجاء القسم الثاني منها نقاشا لنظرية جمال حمدان في مورفولوجية العالم الإسلامي، مع المقارنة أحيانا بأفكار مالك بن نبي الذي تردد في كتاباته الحديثُ عن محور طنجة-جاكرتا، تعبيرا عن هذه الوحدة الثقافية والبنيوية.
The development of the political system of Russia and Argentina in the 30-40s of the twentieth century
Authors: Ivanchenko Maria Alexandrovna
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the features of the development of the political system of Russia and Argentina in the 30-40s of the twentieth century. A special emphasis is placed on the formation of state policy and key aspects of the creation of political institutions during the reign of Stalin in Russia in the context of the development of communist ideology and socialist construction. It is also indicated that the liberal system established by the Constitution of 1853 in Argentina has shown its inability to cope with the political, social, economic and ideological challenges and transformations of Argentina after the falsification of elections in 1930.In this context, the experience of the rather difficult development of the political system of Argentina and Russia in the 30-40s of the twentieth century is of considerable interest, since these two countries faced similar problems of state structure, especially in the field of economics and politics.           The political system of a society currently undergoing transformational changes is at the modernization stage of development, which brings it to the status of an object of research and professional interest of political scientists, lawyers, philosophers, sociologists, historians and specialists in the field of other humanities. As a result of these shifts, one of the pressing problems that political science is currently dealing with is the development of clear ideas about the consequences of institutional changes. The issues of the development of democracy, democratic transits, transformations of political systems have become one of the main directions of political science in recent decades. The task of finding out the sources of changes in political institutions and predicting their consequences became especially acute at the beginning of the twentieth century, when a number of countries in Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe began to move away from the authoritarian way of government and embarked on the path of democratic development.
The antonymic paradigm of the color lexemes "huzh – Fiyce" (white – black) in the Adyghe language culture
Authors: Ezaova Madina Yurievna , Shugusheva Dzhuleta Нabasovna
Published: August 2022

The subject of the study are proverbs and sayings of the Kabardino-Circassian language with components of color designation. The paper reveals the specifics and patterns of the use of color words in the context of paremias, analyzes the structural-semantic, text-forming (phraseological) features of color nominations. The words naming the color make up a special lexico-semantic group. Their study is very important both theoretically and practically. Being a component of a stable phrase or a stable combination, they reflect the psychology and worldview of the people in a special way, it is a valuable source of information about the culture and mentality of the people. Being compressed in their form, proverbs and sayings represent not only a system of moral and ethical norms, but also contain the sum of knowledge about the external order of things and the inner world of a person. In the Adyghe paroemias, the circle of cultural concepts that can be considered nuclear for folk spiritual culture is revealed. And in this context, color designations can carry the burden of transmitting the normative and value orientations of an ethnic group, show the main stereotypes of human behavior.     The main conclusions of the conducted research are as follows: the color meanings of the Adyghe language, expressed mainly by adjectives, in this case Fiyce 'black' and huzh 'white', in paremiology can be considered a point of intersection of the interests of philology (linguistics, folklore studies, history of Adyghe literature), ethnopsychology, cultural studies, ethics, political science, philosophy. However, the color lexemes in proverbs and sayings, represented not only by adjectives, but also by nouns, verbs, adverbs, have not yet been the object of special study. The need for such a study is determined by the fact that color nominations in the figurative system of proverbs and sayings as special folklore microtexts occupy a very significant place, performing an important semantic and emotionally expressive load. In addition, native speakers of the modern Adyghe language often do not realize the original meaning of many paroemias.
The main types and models of the creation of English pharmaceutical terms-abbreviations
Authors: Drokin Sergey Mikhailovich
Published: August 2022

The subject of the research in the framework of the article is the study of the main derivational models of abbreviated terminological units of the pharmaceutical field in modern English. The object of the study was the English-language terms-abbreviations of the sphere under consideration, selected in an amount of more than 300 units. In the course of the work, the structural types of pharmaceutical terminological units that have undergone abbreviation are analyzed in detail, as well as the key structural and word-formation models according to which this process was carried out. The main frequency and occasional morphological, morphological-syntactic and syntactic models of terminoderivation are revealed. The research methodology is complex and includes the method of continuous sampling of abbreviated pharmaceutical terms, the method of component analysis, the method of definitional analysis, the method of reconstruction of structural and word-formation models (models of terminoderivation) in modern English, the method of etymological analysis, methods of quantitative analysis. The main conclusion of the study is that the pharmaceutical field in modern English is characterized by the presence of terms-abbreviations containing from one to seven components, while letter abbreviations containing two, three and four term elements prevail. In the course of the work, it was revealed that about 40% of pharmaceutical terminological names are accompanied by an abbreviation. The main type of pharmaceutical terms-abbreviations are letter abbreviations, a significant part of which are initial abbreviations. Among the most frequent models of terminoderivation in the pharmaceutical terminosystem, purely syntactic models were identified. Frequency syntactic models are represented by various combinations of nouns, including proper names, adjectives and nouns, as well as participles connected by prepositions and conjunctions, etc. A special contribution of the author to the research of the topic is the identification of specific models of terminoderivation when creating pharmaceutical abbreviations, as opposed to the formation of full-structured terms. The prospects of the research include the study of models of the formation of abbreviated terminological units of the pharmaceutical sphere in Russian, Spanish, French and German.
Identity crisis and social dissociation in control societies
Authors: Abramychev Mikhail Mikhailovich , Gromov Bogdan Yurievich
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of the naming crisis of modern society. The sequences by which the social and cultural history of the West is ordered, represented by the evolution of economics, technology, religion, forms of capital and wealth, communications, following the technological acceleration of time, coexist with each other, compete for primacy, creating a society of atomized subjects who have ceased to understand their place in the history of society. This situation is described in the article as an identity crisis. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the gaps that have been discovered in attempts to identify society, which are the object of criticism. The article refers to the tradition of explanatory modeling of social interactions in terms of psychopathology and psychiatry. The crisis of the identity of society is illustrated through the images of madness in modern art culture. The article hypothesizes that there is an unspoken ban on naming a society associated with the crisis of capitalism in the transition from disciplinary societies to control societies. Culture's interest in insanity serves as an indicator of a social crisis. The evolution of cultural interest in the figure of a madman from a frightening "outcast" to an attractive "rebel" is shown. The article suggests the tasks of critical philosophy that coincide with the tasks of caring for social health. The idea of the need for the deprivation of mental illness is expressed. Mental health care is considered as a social task.
Rethinking Chekhov's work in modern Chinese productions
Authors: Ma Zihan
Published: August 2022

This article is devoted to the consideration of a number of stage projects by Chinese directors, in which the work of the writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is reinterpreted. Analysis of such productions and projects as the international drama festival "Chekhov Forever" in 2004, a hybrid work based on Chekhov's story "Three Sisters" and Beckett's novel "Waiting for Godot" by Lin Zhaohua in 1998 and 2018, a double performance by Stan Lai based on the works "I take You by the Hand" by Carol Rocamora and "The Seagull" Chekhov 2014 , etc . It allows us to trace innovative approaches to reading Chekhov's works in the context of the life of modern Chinese society. These works cause a great resonance not only in the professional environment, but also among the mass audience, who invariably penetrates the depth of Chekhov's images, the subtlest shades of emotional experiences; the Chinese audience finds themselves close to the problems, hopes and aspirations of the heroes, brilliantly transferred to the actual socio-cultural environment of China, always topical and recognizable. The scientific novelty of the article is connected with the fact that the nature of mastering the creativity of the Russian playwright in the theater of the East is a fairly new and at the same time promising topic for research. The conclusions and results of the study can become the basis for further studies of the specifics of the adaptation of foreign dramaturgy in the national theatrical tradition on the example of other countries and regions.
"Jade" patterns on painted ceramics of the Neolithic era
Authors: Zheng Qingyan
Published: August 2022

Painted ceramics occupy an important place in ancient Chinese art and are the result of creative activity of people of primitive society. A large number of Neolithic patterns on ceramics are similar to those signs and symbols that were made on jade products of the same period. Such patterns resembled drawings made by hand and represented realistic and abstract ornaments, plant, zoomorphic patterns, etc. Thus, the subject of this study is the so-called "jade" patterns on painted ceramics of the Neolithic era. The object of the study are objects of painted ceramics of the Neolithic era in China. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the specifics of ceramic products, as well as the features of their decors. The semantics of images on objects of Chinese painted ceramics is complex and ambiguous. The study revealed that it is associated with the development of human thinking, people's understanding of natural phenomena, awareness of the changing seasons, as well as the emergence of animism and totemic culture. These patterns had different interpretations, while they were not only a way of expressing the feelings and experiences of primitive people, but also a way for them to record important events from life, similar to modern memoirs. Thus, the novelty of this article is its comparative nature, manifested in the comparison of ornaments of painted ceramics and ancient Chinese jade products.
Symbiosis of conformism and Socialist Realism as the basis of the creative activity of the Soviet artist
Authors: Mysovskikh Lev Olegovich
Published: August 2022

The article examines the phenomenon of conformism in the context of socialist realism, which for a long time was the main direction for the Soviet art sphere. Conformism is interpreted as an effective way for the artist to optimize relations with the authorities and society, giving the opportunity for social self-preservation. Conformism is a kind of strategy for artists, thanks to which they manage to achieve their creative goals and successfully exist within the established cultural framework. The author of the article argues that conformism helped artists who put their creativity at the service of socialist realism to find some basis for their activities, because socialist realism did not initially have such a basis. The author comes to the conclusion that in the conditions of constant transformation of cultural requirements and the need to fully comply with them, conformism becomes for the artist not just a tactic in achieving creative goals, but also a kind of self-defense mechanism that allows to preserve mental and physical health. The most successful Soviet artists were able to realize their talent by creating many bright works of art due to the fact that they created precisely in the mainstream of socialist realism, and if it were not for it, perhaps the world would never have known about some outstanding Soviet artists, as well as not seen their works of art, since the realization of Soviet artists in another cultural environment might well not have taken place.
Multi-step recognition of potential 5' splice sites by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae U1 snRNP
Authors: Hansen Sarah R , White David S , Scalf Mark , Corrêa Ivan R , Smith Lloyd M , Hoskins Aaron A
Published: August 2022

In eukaryotes, splice sites define the introns of pre-mRNAs and must be recognized and excised with nucleotide precision by the spliceosome to make the correct mRNA product. In one of the earliest steps of spliceosome assembly, the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) recognizes the 5' splice site (5' SS) through a combination of base pairing, protein-RNA contacts, and interactions with other splicing factors. Previous studies investigating the mechanisms of 5' SS recognition have largely been done in vivo or in cellular extracts where the U1/5' SS interaction is difficult to deconvolute from the effects of trans-acting factors or RNA structure. In this work we used colocalization single-molecule spectroscopy (CoSMoS) to elucidate the pathway of 5' SS selection by purified yeast U1 snRNP. We determined that U1 reversibly selects 5' SS in a sequence-dependent, two-step mechanism. A kinetic selection scheme enforces pairing at particular positions rather than overall duplex stability to achieve long-lived U1 binding. Our results provide a kinetic basis for how U1 may rapidly surveil nascent transcripts for 5' SS and preferentially accumulate at these sequences rather than on close cognates.
Generation of functional hepatocytes by forward programming with nuclear receptors
Authors: Tomaz Rute A , Zacharis Ekaterini D , Bachinger Fabian , Wurmser Annabelle , Yamamoto Daniel , Petrus-Reurer Sandra , Morell Carola M , Dziedzicka Dominika , Wesley Brandon T , Geti Imbisaat , Segeritz Charis-Patricia , de Brito Miguel C , Chhatriwala Mariya , Ortmann Daniel , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Vallier Ludovic
Published: August 2022

Production of large quantities of hepatocytes remains a major challenge for a number of clinical applications in the biomedical field. Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) provides an advantageous solution and a number of protocols have been developed for this purpose. However, these methods usually follow different steps of liver development in vitro, which is time consuming and requires complex culture conditions. In addition, HLCs lack the full repertoire of functionalities characterising primary hepatocytes. Here, we explore the interest of forward programming to generate hepatocytes from hPSCs and to bypass these limitations. This approach relies on the overexpression of three hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF1A, HNF6, and FOXA3) in combination with different nuclear receptors expressed in the adult liver using the OPTi-OX platform. Forward programming allows for the rapid production of hepatocytes (FoP-Heps) with functional characteristics using a simplified process. We also uncovered that the overexpression of nuclear receptors such as RORc can enhance specific functionalities of FoP-Heps thereby validating its role in lipid/glucose metabolism. Together, our results show that forward programming could offer a versatile alternative to direct differentiation for generating hepatocytes in vitro.
Monthly variations in growth pattern and condition factor of Periophthalmodon septemradiatus (Gobiiformes: Periophthalminae) living along the Bassac River in Viet Nam
Authors: Dinh Quang Minh , Nguyen Ton Huu Duc , Truong Ngon Trong , Doan Diep Xuan , Nguyen Tien Thi Kieu
Published: August 2022

Periophthalmodon septemradiatus (Hamilton, 1822) is a unique mudskipper living in the mudbanks from estuarine to riverine regions in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), but there is no data on its growth patterns and condition factors that are helpful for fish resource assessment and adaptation understanding. This study was conducted at five sites, from the lower (Soc Trang province) to middle (Can Tho city) and upper (An Giang province) reaches of Bassac River in VMD, to provide knowledge on growth patterns and condition factors to this mudskippers. Fish samples were caught using traps and hands for 24 months, from July 2017 to June 2019, at these five sites. The total length and weight of 3,417 individuals (1,340 females and 2,077 males) varied by sex, season and site (p < 0.001 for all cases). This species exhibited a positive allometric type as the slope (b = 3.06 ± 0.01) of the length-weight relationship (LWR) was >3 (p < 0.001) for both sexes. The growth pattern changed with sex as mudskipper showed isometry in females but positive allometry in males. Maturity also affected fish growth type since it shifted from negative allometry in immature groups to positive allometry in mature groups. The growth pattern of fish changed from isometry in the dry season to positive allometry in the wet season. The mudskipper showed isometry at the lower reaches in Soc Trang but positive allometry at the middle and upper reaches in Can Tho and An Giang. The condition factor (CF) did not change according to sex, size and season, but with month and site variables. The present environmental condition in these studied sites tended to be not good enough for this fish as CF (0.95 ± 0.01) was less than 1 (p < 0.001). The findings provided basic information on the growth and adaptation of P. septemradiatus being helpful in fish adaptation understanding and resource conservation in VMD.