bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Dual Citizenship Endanger Ethnic Cohabitation? How the South Tyrolean Population Views a Supplementary Austrian Citizenship
Authors: Atz Hermann , Haller Max
Published: May 2021

A relatively new trend in research and public debates about dual citizenship is the collective granting of citizenship to nationally and ethnically related minority populations residing in neighbouring countries, as practised by Hungary or Italy (see the contributions in this volume by Pogonyi and by Pallaver and Denicolò – Chapters 7 and 9 respectively). A former Austrian federal government (2017–2019) proposed to offer Austrian citizenship to German- and Ladin-speaking South Tyroleans in addition to their Italian citizenship. The main argument for this proposal was to strengthen the historical and cultural relationship between the ethnic minorities of South Tyrol and their “fatherland” or “protecting nation”, Austria. The topic of this study was the attitude of South Tyroleans towards this proposal. This attitude had not been investigated before, although several politicians and commentators had argued that South Tyroleans are very interested in it. This specific question was put into a larger theoretical and political context in two ways: on the one hand, the importance attached to citizenship by regional populations and, on the other, the political units with which the South Tyroleans identify today, especially their relationship with Austria. To this end, the social research institute apollis in Bolzano-Bozen interviewed a representative sample of South Tyroleans in spring 2019. The results show, surprisingly, that only a minority of them appreciate this Austrian proposal. One of the main reasons is the fear that dual citizenship would somewhat impair the coexistence of the language groups in South Tyrol. As far as ethnic-national identity is concerned, most of the respondents feel the closest to the region in which they live (South Tyrol) but very few identify with Austria, even among the German-speaking South Tyroleans. The most unexpected finding of the study is that the differences in perceptions and attitudes regarding the proposal are very slight between German- and Italian-speaking South Tyroleans. The validity of these findings is supported by the fact that similar results were obtained in surveys conducted among Hungarians living in Slovakia and among Romanians in Serbia and Ukraine.
The neural correlates of delay discounting in obesity and binge eating disorder
Authors: Miranda-Olivos Romina , Steward Trevor , Martínez-Zalacaín Ignacio , Mestre-Bach Gemma , Juaneda-Seguí Asier , Jiménez-Murcia Susana , Fernández-Formoso José A. , Vilarrasa Nuria , Veciana de las Heras Misericordia , Custal Nuria , Virgili Nuria , Lopez-Urdiales Rafael , Menchón José M. , Granero Roser , Soriano-Mas Carles , Fernandez-Aranda Fernando
Published: May 2021

Background and aims

Increased delay discounting is associated with obesity and binge eating disorder (BED). Although BED and obesity frequently co-occur, the neural mechanisms underlying delay discounting in these conditions remain poorly understood.

Methods

Thirtyfive women with obesity, including 10 participants with obesity and BED and 31 controls completed a monetary delay discounting task during functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

We identified that increased discounting rates were associated with decreased activity in the left anterior insula in participants with obesity compared to controls when choosing immediate rewards over delayed rewards (P
FWE < 0.05). An exploratory analysis comparing the BED subsample to the other groups did not detect significant differences.

Discussion and conclusions

Our findings suggest decreased activity in the anterior insula may underlie heightened delay discounting in individuals with obesity, contributing the probability of choosing immediate rewards over delayed rewards based on emotional states. Future studies including larger, more diverse samples are required to confirm these effects.
Tafsir-Tafsir Modern dan Kontemporer Abad Ke-19-21 M
Authors: Nazhifah Dinni
Published: May 2021

Al-Qur’an always puts forward the opinion or motto "shalih fii kulli zaman wa makan", in the sense that it is not fair to just accept what is expressed literally, but tries to see the context and meaning behind the verses of the Al-Qur’an. In other words, what you want to look for is the "spirit" or moral message of the Qur'an itself. Modern and contemporary interpretations are always encouraged to adapt to the progress that may be the main factor in giving birth and increasing the response of interpreter translators. This article tries to describe the state of some of the modern and contemporary exegetical works that developed in the 19-21 century AD. At the end of the discussion, the writer concludes that the modern and contemporary are dominated by education based on the philosophy of the Qur'an, the Qur'an and natural history, newspapers and the actual Muslim dailu. Here the author also concludes that modern and contemporary interpretations contain strong meanings for the Islamic ummah, both daily problems, as well as objective concrete support for the development of human knowledge.
Metode Dakwah Islam, Katolik dan Penghayat di Kelurahan Cigugur Kabupaten Kuningan
Authors: Alamsyah Fahmi , Suherdiana Dadan , Bahrudin Bahrudin
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the method of Islamic da'wah, Catholic and Penghayat located in Cigugur Kuningan District. The theory used in this research is SWOT analysis theory and the comparison theory of da'wah to find the pros and cons of da'wah done in Cigugur District. The method of this research is qualitative method, in which researcher about the method of da'wah of the object studied. Technique of collecting data in this research is literature study, document study and interview. From the research results can be concluded that every teaching that lives in Cigugur have dynamics respectively. Even when viewed from the method and its system, the method of propagating the religion of Catholic is superior to other religions although the number is still lost by Islam. However, it can be understood also that in reality the believer has no special purpose of getting people into their beliefs. In fact, every year the believer continues to berkurng and adhere to the religion that call it "recognized" by the state.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode dakwah Islam, Khatolik dan Penghayat yang berada di Kelurahan Cigugur Kabupaten Kuningan. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis SWOT dan teori perbandingan dakwah untuk menemukan kelebihan dan kekurangan dakwah di Kelurahan Cigugur. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif, peneliti menulusuri mengenai metode dakwah dari objek yang diteliti. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan, studi dokumen dan wawancara. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa setiap ajaran yang hidup di cigugur memiliki dinamikanya masing-masing. Bahkan jika dilihat dari metode dan sistemnya, metode penyebaran agama Khatolik lebih unggul dari agama lainnya meskipun secara jumlah masih kalah oleh Islam. Akan tetapi, dapat dipahami juga bahwa ternyata penghayat tidak memiliki tujuan khusus mengajak orang-orang masuk kedalam kepercayaannya. Bahkan, setiap tahunnya penganut penghayat ini terus berkurng dan menganut pada agama yang sebut saja “diakui” oleh negara.
Strategi Dakwah Dalam Pengelolaan Komunitas Dhu’afa
Authors: Muryati Sri
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to find out the da'wah strategy and the results of the achievement of YPM-NH's missionary objectives in managing the poor community around the Arcamanik environment. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection is done by interview, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that YPM-NH in developing da'wah strategies, made actions: 1) YPM-NH missionary planning which included: strategic plans, tactical plans and operational plans. 2) The method of YPM-NH preaching is done by bi-al-hikmah method, bi al-maw'izah al-hasanah, al-hiwar and as-ilah wa ajwibah, 3) YPM-NH da'wah material is Islamic material in accordance with the Qur'an and hadith; 4) The speaker / agent of da'i) is all YPM-NH activists; 5) The resultss are: already good in terms of the role of the Nurul Hidayah mosque to build ukhuwah Islamiyah.

ABSTRAK

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi dakwah dan hasil pencapaian tujuan dakwah YPM-NH dalam pengelolaan komunitas dhu’afa sekitar lingkungan Arcamanik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi.. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan YPM-NH dalam menyusun strategi dakwah dalam pengelolaan komunitas dhu’afa, membuat tindakan: 1) Perencanaan dakwah YPM-NH yang meliputi: rencana strategis dan rencana taktis serta rencana operasional. 2) Metode/cara dakwah YPM-NH dilakuakan dengan metode bi al-hal, bi al-hikmah, bi al-maw’izah al-hasanah, al-hiwar dan as-ilah wa ajwibah, 3) Materi dakwah YPM-NH yaitu materi keIslaman yang sesuai dengan Al-Qur’an dan hadits; 4) Nara sumber/pelaku dakwah (da’i) adalah seluruh aktivis YPM-NH; 5) Hasil/pencapaian adalah : sudah baik dalam hal peran masjid Nurul Hidayah untuk membangun ukhuwah Islamiyah.
Komunikasi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Kegiatan Program Keluarga Harapan
Authors: Fatimah Siti , Arifin Isep Zaenal , Sumpena Deden
Published: May 2021

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the empowerment communication process in implementing the Family Hope Program (PKH) in an effort to prosper the Beneficiary Families (KPM) in Pasirmuncang Village, Caringin District, Bogor Regency and to find out the empowerment communication model used by the social companion Pasirmuncang Village in Caringin Subdistrict P2K2 implementation. The research method used in this study is phenomenology. The type of research data in this study uses qualitative, while the data sources in the study are divided into two parts, namely primary data sources and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques use three techniques, namely, observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis procedures include; data reduction, data dispay, and conclusion. The results showed that the Deliberation as a process of empowering communication in the Family Hope Program (PKH) Family Capability Improvement Meeting (P2K2), the communication model used in the Family Hope Program (PKH) Family Ability Enhancement Meeting (P2K2) is a dialogical and persuasive communication model with using a participatory approach so that there is cohesiveness and equality between social assistants and beneficiary families, namely both as subjects of empowerment. So that among those involved in communication there is no feeling of inferior and superior, and the results of their communication are considered as sharing.

 

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui proses komunikasi pemberdayaan dalam pelaksanaan PKH (Program Keluarga Harapan) dalam upaya mensejahterakan KPM (Keluarga Penerima Manfaat) di Desa Pasirmuncang Kecamatan Caringin Kabupaten Bogor serta untuk mengetahui model komunikasi pemberdayaan yang digunakan oleh pendamping sosial Desa Pasirmuncang Kecamatan Caringin dalam pelaksanaan  P2K2 (Pertemuan Peningkatan Kemampuan Keluarga). Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah fenomenologi. Jenis data penelitian dalam penelitian ini mengunakan kualitatif sedangkan sumber data pada penelitian terbagi ke dalam dua bagian yakni sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tiga teknik yakni, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Prosedur analisis data di antaranya; reduksi data, dispay data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, Musyawarah sebagai proses komunikasi pemberdayaan dalam PKH (Program Keluarga Harapan) P2K2 (Pertemuan Peningkatan Kemampuan Keluarga), Model komunikasi yang digunakan dalam PKH (Program Keluarga Harapan) P2K2 (Pertemuan Peningkatan Kemampuan Keluarga)adalah model komunikasi dialogis dan persuasif dengan menggunakan pendekatan partisipatoris sehingga adanya kekompakan dan kesetaraan antara pendamping sosial dengan keluarga penerima manfaat, yakni sama-sama sebagai subyek pemberdayaan. Sehingga diantara mereka yang terlibat komunikasi tidak ada perasaan inferior dan superior, dan hasil komunikasinya dianggap sebagai sharing.
Implant Therapy in the Rehabilitation of Treated Mandibular Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Lan R. , Ordioni U. , Prince F. , Loyer E. , Catherine J.H. , Maille G.
Published: May 2021

Mandibular arteriovenous malformations are rare congenital malformations that require multidisciplinary care. Implant-supported rehabilitation of significant bone defect after embolization and resection is poorly described in the literature. We present the case of a 24-year-old patient with a right-sided mandibular arteriovenous malformation diagnosed after massive hemorrhage and treated by embolization and resection surgery. Implant rehabilitation was carried out 9 years later with a prior bone graft through iliac extraction and 3 short implants. Implant survival rate and patient satisfaction were evaluated at 3 years postplacement. Arteriovenous malformations treatments frequently result in bone defects that are difficult to reconstruct because of probable unstable vascularization due to embolization. The presence of osteosynthesis material and artifacts at the radiological level complicates implant planning due to the lack of visualization of the inferior alveolar nerve or artery and necessitates the placement of low-height implants. Osteointegration in contact with embolization products should be monitored. The creation of a case series could be of interest in order to better understand implant treatment for patients with a history of arteriovenous malformations.
Efeito de mudanças no contexto de implementação de uma política multinível: análise do caso da Reforma do Ensino Médio no Brasil
Authors: Lotta Gabriela Spanghero , Bauer Marcela , Jobim Rita , Merchán Catherine Rojas
Published: May 2021

Resumo O artigo busca compreender como mudanças exógenas são afetadas pelos contextos de implementação que encontram em cada local. A partir da análise da Lei 13.415/2017, que reforma o Ensino Médio no Brasil, verifica como as mudanças federais trazidas por esta política provocaram alterações nos estados e qual a variação que os contextos locais geraram na própria reforma. O artigo se baseia em uma pesquisa qualitativa que acompanhou os efeitos da publicação da Lei e o início do processo de implementação da reforma nos 26 estados e Distrito Federal ao longo de dois anos. O caso empírico foi analisado a partir das variáveis de conflito e ambiguidade que caracterizam os contextos de implementação. Estes achados contribuem para a literatura de implementação de políticas públicas, de reformas e mudanças na administração pública e de políticas de educação.
Dinâmica financeira dos municípios brasileiros
Authors: Marconato Márcio , Parré José Luiz , Coelho Marcio Henrique
Published: May 2021

Resumo O estudo tem como objetivo explorar as ocorrências fiscais dos municípios brasileiros no período 2002 a 2016, analisando a relação entre as receitas, as despesas com pessoal, os estratos de tamanho, os delineamentos da atividade econômica e as riquezas municipais, considerando momentos de contração e de expansão do produto nacional. O procedimento metodológico consistiu na utilização de uma representação de dados em painel, com a aplicação do teste de especificação de Hausman, em que o modelo de efeito fixo, em confronto com o de efeitos aleatórios, se mostrou mais adequado para apuração da relação da variável dependente e das independentes. O cálculo do Quociente do Resultado de Execução Financeira (QREF) mensurou a situação fiscal das unidades federadas e aferiu as relações do QREF com outras variáveis, tais como o perfil de arrecadação, o balanço econômico municipal, a riqueza econômica da localidade, a despesa com pessoal e o tamanho populacional. As repercussões revelaram que as elevadas despesas com pessoal impactam negativamente as apurações dos resultados fiscais, enquanto que, os melhores cômputos do QREF ocorreram em unidades nas quais foram detectados os maiores indicadores de produto interno bruto per capita. Quanto ao nível de atividade econômica, a preponderância financeira dos setores agrícola e de serviços, revelou melhores condições pecuniárias, ressalvando que nos municípios com perfil industrial e classificados como pequenos foram detectados os piores resultados. No desfecho, a crise econômica de 2009 derivou em resultados fiscais ruins, enquanto que a crise política/econômica de 2015 e 2016 transcorreu com respostas orçamentárias mais apropriadas.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in wound healing in mice
Authors: Amaral B.P. , Krause A. , Pasini J.S. , Silva Á.J.C. , Inkelmann M.A. , Müller D.C.M.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT We investigated the local and systemic effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in BALB/C mice, exposed to two different exposure times, under 2.4 atmosphere (ATM). Fifteen animals were divided into three groups (GI, GII and Control) and underwent a surgical excision of a skin fragment of approximately one square centimeter of the dorsal region. The wounds were treated and monitored for 21 days. In the control group, the wound was cleaned once a day with sterile 0.9% NaCl solution. GI and GII mice were submitted to daily hyperbaric oxygen therapy of 30 or 60minutes sessions, respectively. The wounds were photographed every three days and their surfaces were analyzed by an image analyzer. At 21 days, all animals were euthanatized for histopathological analysis of the skin, lungs and liver in order to identify eventual alterations in wound healing or in the analyzed organs. Animals belonging to GI showed a faster skin wound healing in comparison to the other groups. Animals from GII, however, showed a delayed wound healing process and exhibited lung and microcirculatory alterations. These findings allow us to conclude that the exposure time to the oxygen in hyperbaric environment is crucial and can help or disturb skin wound healing or even be deleterious to other organs.
Fatores de influência sobre o desempenho reprodutivo em vacas leiteiras
Authors: Soares S.R.V. , Reis R.B. , Dias A.N.
Published: May 2021

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos das estações do parto e da inseminação, da retenção de placenta, da natimortalidade e da ordem de parto sobre o desempenho reprodutivo de vacas leiteiras. Utilizou-se a regressão logística, em que as variáveis dependentes foram concepção à primeira inseminação pós-parto e percentual de vacas prenhes no rebanho aos 100, 150 ou 200 DEL e as variáveis independentes foram a estação do parto e a estação da inseminação, a retenção de placenta, a natimortalidade e a ordem de parto. A estação do parto e a estação da inseminação influenciaram o desempenho reprodutivo, reduzindo a fertilidade das vacas nas estações quentes do ano. O atraso na primeira inseminação aumentou a concepção na primeira inseminação, mas reduziu o percentual de vacas prenhes ao longo da lactação. O desempenho reprodutivo da vaca leiteira foi afetado por vários fatores, relacionados à vaca, ao ambiente e ao manejo a ela imposto.
B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography of abdominal structures of the peccary (Tayassu tajacu, Linnaeus 1758)
Authors: Pessoa G.T. , Sousa F.C.A. , Rodrigues R.P.S. , Moura L.S. , Silva E.G. , Diniz A.N. , Souza A.B. , Barbosa M.A.P.S. , Araújo J.R. , Silva A.B.S. , Alves J.J.R.P. , Alves F.R.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT This study used B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography to characterize the abdominal structures of healthy peccaries raised in captivity. Fifteen peccaries were used for this study. The urinary vesicle appeared as an ovoid structure, located in the abdominal and pelvic transition, with a hyperechogenic, thin, smooth, and regular wall. The kidneys presented retroperitoneal topography and had similar sizes. The kidney/aorta ratio had an average value of 10.53±15cm (right) and 10.23±0.12 (left). The right adrenal gland had a length of 1.93±0.34cm and diameter of 0.56±0.16cm. The left adrenal gland had a length of 1.85±0.42cm and diameter of 0.52±0.11cm. The spleen had a diameter of 1.13±0.18cm. The hepatic vein demonstrated polyphasic flow in pulsed Doppler, with two retrograde peaks and an anterograde peak with a flow velocity of 25.7±0.83cm/s. The abdominal aorta had a diameter of 0.58±0.05cm and a flow velocity of 115.17±5.32cm/s. The morphological and hemodynamic study of the abdominal structures of the peccary, observed through B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography, aided in identifying the size, shape, position, echogenicity, and echotexture of the abdominal organs and in making inferences about the normal parameters for these structures in this species.
Sepsis due to Yersinia enterocolitica in an aborted equine fetus: case report
Authors: Costa L.S. , Cristo T.G. , Conti C. , Silva M.C. , Melo I.C. , Krasilchik S.R. , Withoeft J.A. , Sfaciotte R.A.P. , Ferraz S.M. , Casagrande R.A.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Yersinia enterocolitica is a bacterium with zoonotic potential and there are no previous records of this bacteria being isolated from aborted foals. This report aims to describe a case of sepsis due to Y. enterocolitica in a seven month old aborted equine. The fequinoetus was submitted to necropsy and samples of all the organs were collected for the histological exam. Samples of liver, lung, placenta, and stomach contents were collected for bacterial culture. Macroscopically, the liver was enlarged with yellowish heterogeneous color, heart with pale myocardial areas; lungs not collapsed, heavy and shiny, thickened umbilical cord covered with fibrin and pus. Histopathologically, there was moderate multifocal necrosuppurative myocarditis and thrombosis, moderate diffuse suppurative bronchopneumonia, mild multifocal fibrinonecrotic hepatitis, and moderate diffuse necrosuppurative omphalitis with intralesional bacterial myriads and thrombosis. Mild multifocal suppurative placentitis, nephritis, myositis, cystitis, and dermatitis were also observed, in addition to mild diffuse lymphoid rarefaction. The microbiological evaluation identified Y. enterocolitica in the liver, lung, and stomach fluid. This is the first report of sepsis due to Y. enterocolitica causing an abortion in a horse. This bacterium has zoonotic importance; therefore, it should be investigated in abortion in this species, serving as a differential diagnosis in reproductive disorders.
Clinical and anatomopathological descriptions of dog with arterious Hemitruncus: case report
Authors: Barros J.C. , Paulino Júnior D. , Sasahara T.H.C. , Magalhães L.F. , Oliveira A.R. , Blanca W.T. , Dias F.G.G.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT The anomalous origin of the pulmonary trunk in the ascending aorta, defined as arterious hemitruncus, is a rare congenital malformation in dogs, caused by a defect in the spiral septum. Thus, given the unusual occurrence in the canine species, the systemic severity and the high lethality, the aim of this study was to describe this heart disease in a three-month-old male German Spitz puppy, emphasizing clinical changes of the necropsy and microscopics. The animal had cyanosis, dyspnea and weakness and was forwarded for necropsy after sudden death. Numerous changes were detected in the post-mortem examination, including in the heart, as cardiomegaly and absence of the arterial ligament, which was replaced by the complete fusion between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk, after leaving both the left and right ventricles, respectively and, among the microscopic findings, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy stood out. The association of these findings with the history indicated the diagnosis of arterious hemitruncus followed by cardiorespiratory failure, emphasizing the importance of out complementary cardiological exams in young symptomatic patients for the survival of those affected. Arterious hemitruncus, although rare, must be added in the differential diagnosis of other heart diseases that cause similar clinical signs.
Proposal of an iELISA for Mycoplasma bovis diagnosis in dairy cattle and associated risk factors
Authors: Pires D.R. , Morais A.C.N. , Cunha N.C. , Machado L.S. , Barbosa L.F.C. , Mendonça J.F.M. , Balaro M.F.A. , Santos J.P.C. , Souza G.N. , Barreto M.L. , Nascimento E.R.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Mycoplasma bovis is a highly contagious agent associated with several pathologies in cattle. The detection of reactive antibodies to M. bovis by Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA) identifies if there was an exposure to the microorganism. The current study aimed to optimize an iELISA from M. bovis total cell antigen, applying it to bovine serum samples, and to evaluate risk factors. Serum samples were obtained from 400 cows from 17 herds from Southeast Brazil. In the optimization of iELISA, the following was established: 2 μg/mL of antigen, sera dilution 1:300, and conjugate dilution 1:15000. The frequency was 62.3% (249/400) of reactive animals and 100% (17/17) of reactive herds. Risk factors were: herds with more than 100 animals (OR= 3.1; CI= 95%); Holstein breed (OR= 72.5; CI= 95%); cows (OR= 29.7; CI= 95%); intensive breeding system (OR= 3.3; CI= 95%); associated small ruminant production (OR= 4.4; CI= 95%); milk production above 500L (OR= 2.9; CI= 95%); no quarantine (OR= 1.5; CI= 95%); mechanical milking (OR= 5.5; CI= 95%) and cases of mastitis (OR= 5.5; CI= 95%). The proposed iELISA was able to detect antibodies reactive to M. bovis in bovine serum. Knowledge of these risk factors can assist in the implementation of prophylactic measures.
The importance of updated criteria in breeding soundness examination of commercial Nellore bulls for the herd reproductive improvement
Authors: Diniz J.H.W. , Teixeira A.C.B. , Riveros J.A.N. , Peres R.F.G. , Fonseca D.Q. , Cunha E.C.R. , Vilela V.M.T. , Silva D.F. , Leo A.M.P. , Palhares R.C.F.T. , Oliveira L.Z.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to compare results of breeding soundness examination (BSE) of Nellore bulls (n=1257) according to evaluation criteria from two different classification tables (traditional-Table1 used since 1997 and an updated-Table2-proposed in 2020). Data were separated into 3 categories: questionable animals in Table1 and Table2 (Q1Q2), animals approved in Table1 and questionable in Table2 (A1Q2) and animals approved in Table1 and Table2 (A1A2). BSE parameters were submitted to ANOVA (P<005), according to age groups. Higher (P<0.0001) scrotal perimeter (PE) were observed in A1A2 category (18-24m=33.4±2.4cm; 24-36m=34.5±2.2cm; 36-48m=36.6±1.7cm; >48m=38.6±1.7cm) compared to A1Q2 (18-24m=29.05±0.98cm; 24-36m=30.3±0.6cm; 36-48m=32.9±1.0cm; >48m=34.8±1.0cm) and to Q1Q2 (24-36m=26.8±2.0cm; 36-48m=30.0±0.1cm; >48m=31.3±1.1cm), for all age groups. At the age of 36-48months (Q1Q2=2.7±0.3; A1Q2=3.2±0.3; A1A2=3.3±0.6) and >48months (Q1Q2=3.0±0.4; A1Q2=3.3±0.5; A1A2=3.4±0.5), animals with better andrological classifications presented higher (P<0.05) body condition score (BCS). Additionally, at age >48m, higher sperm Motility (P=0.0250) and Vigor (P=0.0335) were observed in animals A1Q2 (Mot=55.5±14.7%; V=3.21±0.82) and A1A2 (Mot=55.8±12.2%; V=3.23±0.81) compared to Q1Q2 (Mot=50.2±17.4%; V=2.77±0.82). It was concluded that bulls approved using strict selection criteria demonstrated higher PE and BCS, regardless of the age. The utilization of updated classification tables is highly recommended for further reproductive potential development of Nellore bulls in the field.
Comparison of digestibility parameters of commercial dry dog foods with different contents
Authors: Kahraman O. , İnal F.
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT This study was aimed to evaluate and compare the nutrient digestibility of grain-inclusive and grain-free commercial dry dog foods using the method of total fecal collection and also explore their effects on fecal consistency. 21 different foods, including 14 grain-inclusive (7 grain-chicken meat, 7 grain-lamb meat) and 7 grain-free were investigated. 12 adult Golden retriever dogs (age 3-4 years, body weight=22.5±1.7kg) were divided into 3 groups. The results of digestibility trials indicated that the grain-lamb meat foods showed the highest digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude fiber. Overall, in the grain-inclusive and grain-free group evaluation, grain-inclusive foods showed higher digestibility of crude fibers while grain-free foods had higher ether extract digestibility whereas the differences in the scores of fecal consistencies between the groups were insignificant. Contrary to popular belief, grain-inclusive foods were more digestive than grain-free foods in terms of dry matter and organic matter. There are studies involving starch sources in the dog food formulations, but there is a need to study the digestibility of complete dog food to supply them with adequate nutrients. Also, each diet should be assessed based on its overall nutrient profile and digestibility rather than individual ingredients.
A Nação Tutelada: Uma interpretação a partir da fronteira
Authors: Oliveira João Pacheco de
Published: May 2021

Resumo Este artigo procede a uma breve e esquemática etnografia das políticas e ações indigenistas realizadas por governos militares (1964-1985), apresentando algumas hipóteses sobre modos de governabilidade e democracia. Tomando como objeto primário de atenção os povos indígenas e a construção de fronteiras interiores, busco explicitar alguns fatores que podem ajudar a compreender a dinâmica destes distintos governos e situações históricas, evidenciando conexões entre fatos sociais habitualmente vistos como não relacionados. As formas políticas, fruto de performances em diferentes escalas, existem no interior de um continuado processo de adaptação e transformação. A sua unidade não é definida a priori por doutrinas ou modelos, mas se revela pelos impactos sobre a produção de riquezas e na gestão das desigualdades. É necessário para isso repensar a noção de fronteira, depurando-a dos pressupostos que a sustentam. Os indígenas constituem uma parte crucial da fronteira interna da nação, um fator essencial para a compreensão de seu dinamismo. Sem uma cuidadosa atenção aos aspectos étnicos e raciais na formação do Brasil, as interpretações sociais e históricas estão fadadas ao fracasso.
Aclimatando humanos y plantas. La propagación de colonos ecologistas en Misiones (Argentina)
Authors: Schiavoni Gabriela
Published: May 2021

Resumen Desde una perspectiva multiespecie, mi artículo describe las acciones de estabilización de lo diverso llevadas a cabo por inmigrantes suizos en la provincia de Misiones (nordeste de Argentina). A través de una alianza con la naturaleza, dieron nacimiento a una agricultura silvícola, combinando estrategias de purificación y de tolerancia a las mezclas. Desde fines del siglo XIX hasta las primeras décadas del siglo XX, estos agricultores multiplicaron núcleos de poblamiento en las tierras libres de la región, al margen del Estado y del diseño planificado. La estabilización de la diversidad se debatió entre el modelo genealógico y el desborde generado por el entrecruzamiento espontáneo. Los contornos de las variedades de plantas y de humanos emergieron en conexión con el ambiente, sin ser el producto de una imposición externa. La resolución de las dificultades planteadas por la agricultura subtropical administrando las tensiones inter-especies dio nacimiento al proceder ecológico.
EFFECTS OF VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION DURING PREGNANCY ON NEWBORNS AND INFANTS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Dutra Letícia Veríssimo , Souza Fabíola Isabel Suano de , Konstantyner Tulio
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on newborns and infants. Data sources: The present study is an integrative review of literature based on clinical trials published in journals indexed in the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Two searches were carried out, starting with the association (and) of the health term “vitamin D” with “pregnancy”. In the search for information, selection criteria were established, and there was no language limitation and year of publication. Data synthesis: The final selection resulted in 44 clinical trials, most of which were randomized and double blind, which were carried out in outpatient clinics, referral hospitals and universities, mainly in Europe. The samples studied were predominantly of newborns. In these 44 trials, 23 types of different doses of vitamin D during pregnancy, with different doses, regimens and times of use, and 14 different outcomes were studied in newborns (NB) and infants. Of the 44 studies performed, 35 showed statistically significant beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on newborns and infants compared to control groups. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy for at least three months before delivery has the potential of positively influencing calcium metabolism, physical growth and immune system development in newborns and infants. However, there is insufficient knowledge to define the optimal dose and to guarantee the absence of possible long-term adverse effects.
Behavior of composite beams with external prestressing in sagging moment regions
Authors: Ribeiro Karla Demoner , Turini Thiago Tononi , Luchi Lorenzo Augusto Ruschi e , Calenzani Adenilcia Fernanda Groberio
Published: May 2021

Abstract Prestressed composite steel-concrete structures are scarcely used due to a lack of clear standardized design guidelines and formulations on the subject. The present research aims to present design methodologies for steel-concrete composite beams with external pretension applied via straight tendons. A computer program to perform structural analysis of such beams was developed based on two different methodologies: the first one is presented in ABNT NBR 8800:2008, in which the guidelines for the design of composite beams with compact webs are adjusted to include the effects of the pretension force. The second methodology is extracted from international literature and presents a structural design process based on stress distribution on the beam. Ninety prestressed and thirty non-prestressed beams were analyzed and designed with the aforementioned computer program to evaluate the influence of beam length, degree of symmetry of the steel profile and eccentricity of the pretension force on the mechanical resistance of the beams. It was observed that, although the prestressing force considerably improved resistance to bending, it introduced high compression stresses on the steel profile; hence, the pre-stressing of composite beams is proved efficient only for steel profiles with symmetrical cross-sections.
Contributions to the design of precast concrete culverts with unusual cross sections
Authors: Domingues Aline Bensi , Debs Mounir Khalil El
Published: May 2021

Abstract Culverts are structures used in road and railway infrastructure works such as underpasses. Among the several forms of cross-sections, the rectangular one (box culvert) has been mostly employed. However, when installed at high embankments, this structure shows high values of bending moment and shear force, which tend to be amplified by the soil arching. This paper addresses a study of section culvert with an arc cover, called modified, and a section defined by three arches, with a flat base. Such cross-section forms reduce the bending moment due to their geometry, and efforts can be decreased with the use of reduced thicknesses by mechanisms of soil-structure interaction. Analyses were performed in the plane-strain deformation with finite elements towards considering soil-structure interaction, and the results proved the influence of the geometry shape on the soil-culvert interaction behavior. A comparative analysis of the material cost index (ICM) values for 25 geometries (12 modified culverts, 12 culverts defined by three arcs and 1 box culvert) was used for estimating the economic viability of each unusual section culvert. The results showed 27 and 54% economy in materials for modified culvert and culvert defined by three arcs, respectively, in comparison with the rectangular section.
Somatic PKD2 Mutations in Individual Kidney and Liver Cysts Support a “Two-Hit” Model of Cystogenesis in Type 2 Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: PEI YORK , WATNICK TERRY , HE NING , WANG KAIRONG , LIANG YAN , PARFREY PATRICK , GERMINO GREGORY , GEORGE-HYSLOP PETER ST.
Published: May 2021

An intriguing feature of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the focal and sporadic formation of renal and extrarenal cysts. Recent documentation of somatic PKD1 mutations in cystic epithelia of patients with germ-line PKD1 mutations suggests a “two-hit” model for cystogenesis in type 1 ADPKD. This study tests whether the same mechanism for cystogenesis might also occur in type 2 ADPKD. Genomic DNA was obtained from 54 kidney and liver cysts from three patients with known germ-line PKD2 mutations, using procedures that minimize contamination of cells from noncystic tissue. Using intragenic and microsatellite markers, these cyst samples were screened for loss of heterozygosity. The same samples were also screened for somatic mutations in five of the 15 exons in PKD2 by single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis. Loss of heterozygosity was found in five cysts, and unique intragenic mutations were found in seven other cysts. In 11 of these 12 cysts, it was also determined that the somatic mutation occurred nonrandomly in the copy of PKD2 inherited from the unaffected parent. These findings support the “two-hit” model as a unified mechanism for cystogenesis in ADPKD. In this model, the requirement of a somatic mutation as the rate-limiting step for individual cyst formation has potential therapeutic implications.
Pronatriodilatin Gene Polymorphisms, Microvascular Permeability, and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: NANNIPIERI MONICA , PENNO GIUSEPPE , PUCCI LAURA , COLHOUN HELEN , MOTTI CORRADINO , BERTACCA ANNA , RIZZO LOREDANA , DE GIORGIO LAMBERTO , ZERBINI GIAMPAOLO , MANGILI RUGGERO , NAVALESI RENZO
Published: May 2021

Approximately 30% of diabetic patients develop nephropathy, the appearance of which is partially under genetic control. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has associated physiologic effects on the kidney. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between a newly identified and known polymorphism at the pronatriodilatin (PND) gene locus and renal involvement in type 1 diabetic subjects. Of 454 type 1 diabetic patients (219 men, 235 women), 323 showed no sign of nephropathy, 79 had incipient renal involvement, and 52 established nephropathy; 58 healthy control subjects were examined for comparison. Allele frequencies (C708
versus T708) were: 0.95 and 0.05 in normoalbuminuric patients, respectively; 0.88 and 0.12 in microalbuminuric patients; 0.96 and 0.04 both in those with overt nephropathy and in healthy control subjects (P = 0.011). Patients with incipient nephropathy were in disequilibrium compared with the total diabetic cohort (P = 0.02). In the same populations, an additional genotype for ScaI polymorphism of the PND gene was tested. The A1 and A2 allele frequencies were: 0.21 and 0.79 in normoalbuminuric patients; 0.13 and 0.87 in microalbuminuric patients; 0.06 and 0.94 in type 1 diabetic subjects with overt nephropathy; and 0.20 and 0.80 in healthy control subjects, respectively (P < 0.0001). A subset of 55 normotensive patients with type 1 diabetes, well matched for clinical features, plasma ANP levels, and microvascular permeability to macromolecules, was investigated on the basis of the C708/T and A2/A1 polymorphisms. Both transcapillary escape rate of albumin (TERalb) and plasma ANP levels were significantly lower in patients with the T708 than with C708 allele, as well as in the A1 than in A2 allele (TERalb: T708
versus C708: 5.5 ± 1.7 versus 7.8 ± 2.0%/h, P = 0.0001; plasma ANP levels: 8.3 ± 3.9 versus 15.3 ± 7.7 pg/ml, P = 0.0003; A1
versus A2: 6.05 ± 2.2 versus 7.3 ± 2.1%/h, P = 0.044; 8.53 ± 4.6 versus 14.5 ± 7.4 pg/ml, P = 0.0024, respectively). Thus, in a large ethnically homogeneous cohort of diabetic subjects, our data show: (1) a significant association of C708/T polymorphism with microalbuminuria in long-term diabetes and with both lower plasma ANP levels and widespread albumin leakage; and (2) a strong association between ScaI polymorphism and both diabetic nephropathy and plasma ANP concentrations. These results suggest a possible role of PND gene in conferring protection from nephropathy and microvascular damage in type 1 diabetes.
Postnatal Time Frame for Renal Vulnerability to Enalapril in Rats
Authors: GURON GREGOR , MARCUSSEN NIELS , NILSSON ANNIKA , SUNDELIN BIRGITTA , FRIBERG PETER
Published: May 2021

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade in neonatal, but not in weaned, rats induces irreversible renal histologic abnormalities and an impaired urinary concentrating ability. The aim of the present study was to define the postnatal time frame when the rat kidney is vulnerable to an interruption of the renin-angiotensin system. Male Wistar rats received daily injections of enalapril (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) during different age intervals within 3 to 24 d of age. Fluid handling and urinary concentrating ability, renal function under pentobarbital anesthesia, and kidney histology using stereologic techniques were evaluated in adult rats. Enalapril treatment within 3 to 13 d after birth induced abnormalities in renal function and morphology long-term, whereas treatment initiated at 14 d of age did not. The main histologic alterations were papillary atrophy, and a reduction in the volume of tubular epithelial cells in association with an increase in the proportion of interstitium, throughout the cortex and outer medulla. Functionally, the predominant defect was an impairment in urinary concentrating ability, which correlated with the degree of papillary atrophy. In conclusion, the vulnerable age interval for the induction of irreversible renal abnormalities by enalapril was the first 13 d after birth in the rat. This postnatal time span coincides with the completion of nephrogenesis and a period of marked tubular growth and differentiation, suggesting a pivotal role for angiotensin II in these processes.
Apolipoprotein E2/E5 Variants in Lipoprotein Glomerulopathy Recurred in Transplanted Kidney
Authors: MIYATA TOSHIO , SUGIYAMA SATOSHI , NANGAKU MASAOMI , SUZUKI DAISUKE , URAGAMI KEN-ICHI , INAGI REIKO , SAKAI HIDETO , KUROKAWA KIYOSHI
Published: May 2021

Lipid abnormalities are associated with various disorders ranging from generalized atherosclerosis to renal diseases, including lipoprotein glomerulopathy that is characterized by glomerular lipoprotein thrombi and causes type III hyperlipoproteinemia, proteinuria, and renal failure. This study examines lipoprotein glomerulopathy, which recurred in a transplanted kidney. Molecular biologic analysis of the patient's apolipoprotein (apo) E gene demonstrated E2/E5 type variants. Immunohistochemical analysis of the diseased kidney demonstrated various lipid peroxidation-specific protein adducts, suggesting a potential role of oxidative stress in this disorder. Recurrence in the transplanted kidney suggested a pathogenic role of extraglomerular humoral component(s) resulting from abnormal lipoprotein metabolism, presumably linked to apo E and other genetic or acquired factor(s). Furthermore, the finding that the patient showed pathologic abnormalities in the transplanted kidney with no clinical signs or symptoms of renal disease indicated that lipoprotein glomerular damage progresses early before any clinical manifestations.
Gold nanoparticle synthesis v1
Authors: H P Nguyen Phuong , He Zhonglei , Tian Furong , F Curtin James , Rose Mae Mondala Julie
Published: May 2021

This is a protocol for citrate reduction methods to synthesize gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles (GNP or AuNP) are sub-micrometre particles with various sizes ranging from 1nm to 8 µm created from gold. Besides, they also have different shapes, including spherical, sub-octahedral, octahedral, decahedral, nano triangles, etc. Due to their properties, GNPs have been used in many areas such as electronics, nanotechnology and biomedicine. In biomedical application, spherical and rod shapes are mainly used. Spherical usually is synthesized using a chemical reduction method, while Rod-shape uses a seed-mediated synthesis method. Different shapes and sizes of GNP could give various optical properties and cellular uptakes; by this, GNPs have broader use in modern biomedical applications both in vivo and in vitro. The citrate reduction method was initially introduced by Turkevich, where we use trisodium citrate as a reducing agent. The method widely studied in 1951, a substantial amount of important information regarding this system has been deposited in literature. It was demonstrated that GNP's size variation could readily be realized by controlling the concentration of sodium citrate. Absorbance, zeta potential and size of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) will be determined by using UV/Vis, Zetasizer and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), respectively.
State of Charge: Energy Storage in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Graham Nate , Malagón Edwin , Viscidi Lisa , Yépez Ariel
Published: May 2021

Energy storage can bring many benefits to electricity systems, including enhanced grid reliability, efficiency, and flexibility. It will also be a key enabler of mass decarbonization and climate change mitigation, facilitating the expansion of variable renewable energy sources such as wind and solar while ensuring grid security. However, energy storage deployment in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is still nascent. This publication examines the current and potential future roles for various energy storage technologies in LAC grids. It describes the main energy storage technologies being used internationally and the status of storage technologies in LAC, highlighting emblematic projects. The publication also seeks to identify the most promising applications of each of these technologies in different LAC contexts and provide recommendations on the regulatory and policy changes that would be required to facilitate greater energy storage uptake in the region.
Green Justice: The Efforts of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia in Preserving the Environment Through the Judge Decision
Authors: Prakoso Lucas , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Istislam Istislam , Fadli M.
Published: May 2021

The concept of justice is not only understood as a concept aimed at humans as the subject, but also the environment as a unified system, which ultimately justice is also for humans and the environment itself, both for present and future generations. The principles that develop in relation to environmental protection and management, are formed from global awareness which then become principles that must be adopted in the legal systems of countries that recognize the importance of environmental protection and preservation. The Supreme Court is fully aware of its role in protecting and preserving the environment. Through its regulations and decisions, the Supreme Court seeks to form a unified view of green justice and 'green judges'.