bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Passive Sensitization of Human Basophils: Evidence for Heterogeneity in the IgE Molecule
Authors: Conroy Mary Carol , Adkinson, jr. Franklin , Lichtenstein Lawrence M.
Published: July 2009

Possible functional heterogeneity of human IgE antibody was studied by passively sensitizing human basophils for antigen-induced histamine release. Six sera of known IgE anti-ragweed antigen E and total IgE content were diluted to contain 10 ng of antibody but differed with respect to the ratio of specific/total IgE. The relative ability of the sera to passively sensitize generally reflected the specific/total IgE ratio but one serum was 2.5 times more active than the remainder. This ability did not reflect the IgG antibody level nor was it due to a dialyzable or heat-stable factor. These data indicate functional IgE heterogeneity, probably due to the interaction of the Fc portion of IgE with the basophil receptor.
Enigma of Disodium Cromoglycate Action on Mast Cells
Authors: Krüger Per Göran , Bloom Gunnar D.
Published: July 2009

In rat peritoneal mast cells, disodium cromoglycate showed no inhibitory effect on histamine release values if the cells were preincubated with the drug for 40 min prior to stimulation with antigen, compound 48/80 or ATP. If the drug was added simultaneously with antigen or a low dose of compound 48/80, a repression of histamine release occurred. No such effect was noted if ATP was employed as histamine liberator.
Paul-Bunnell Antigen in Malignancies and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Nishimaki Tomoe , Kano Kyoichi , Milgrom Felix
Published: July 2009

By means of agglutination inhibition test, Paul-Bunnell (P-B) antigen was demonstrated in sera of patients with cancer (5%), lymphomas or leukemias (12.5%) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (1.4%) as well as in synovial fluids from RA patients (27%). In contrast, none of 124 normal human sera gave positive results. P-B antigen was also demonstrated in 3 of 12 perchloric acid extracts of cancer tissues and 2 of 11 saline extracts obtained at 100°C from spleens of lymphoma-leukemia patients. Extracts of apparently normal tissues from 16 individuals gave negative results.
Immunological and Physicochemical Properties of a Highly Purified Allergen from Dirofilaria immitis
Authors: Fujita Koichiro , Ikeda Teruaki , Tsukidate Setsuko
Published: July 2009

Allergen in crude extract of Dirofilaria immitis was purified and separated from IgG-inducing antigens by a combination of DEAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and starch gel zone electrophoresis. The purified preparation was proved to be one protein band by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel (SDS-gel) electrophoresis and one precipitin arc by immunodiffusion. The molecular weight of the purified allergen was estimated to be approximately 20,000 by gel filtration and 15,000 by SDS-gel electrophoresis. The carbohydrate content of the preparation was apparently low, about 2%. The allergen was positively charged, and its determinant group was protein in nature. It was resistant to tryptic, pepsic and chymotryptic digestion, periodate oxidation and DNase and RNase digestion but very sensitive to pronase digestion. Allergen was inclined to aggregate each other in the buffered solution. It was also very resistant to vibration, heat (80°C for 1 h) and acid (pH 2.5) and alkali (pH 11.0) treatments. Rats as well as mice immunized with allergen developed only a reaginic antibody and no hemagglutination antibody.
Characterisation of the Reaginic Response to Sulphonamides in Mice
Authors: Garrido M.J. , Gorvin J. , Moreno C.
Published: July 2009

Reaginic responses were induced in immunised mice with either 4-sulphanil-amidobenzoic acid (4-SABA) or sulphamethoxazole (SMX) coupled to chicken γ-globulin (CGG). The former was coupled through the carboxylic group of the benzoic acid and the latter through the diazo derivative of the sulphanilamide group. The specificity of the reaginic responses obtained was assessed in each case by inhibition of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the rat. Immunisation with 4-SABA-CGG resulted in antibodies which recognised the sulphanilamide group as immunodominant and, therefore, they cross-reacted strongly with other sulphonamides. In contrast, SMX-CGG-induced IgE antibodies directed primarily to the methoxazole end of the molecule and cross-reactivity with other sulphonamides could not be demonstrated. This model may be useful for a more comprehensive study of allergic reactions induced by sulphonamides.
Characterization of Bovine Leukocytes Involved in Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
Authors: Grewal Amarjit S. , Rouse Barry T.
Published: July 2009

By the use of cell surface markers combined with physical separation techniques, bovine mononuclear leukocytes active as K cells in antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity were characterized. The most active cells were glass wool adherent and were presumed to be macrophages. In the glass wool nonadherent population, heterogeneity was detected with respect to the complement (C) receptor but all cells expressed the Fc receptor. The C receptor-positive population adhered to nylon wool but was not a B cell and was assumed to be monocyte. The C receptor-negative population, the true lymphoid K cell, was nonadherent to nylon and was suggested to be an Fc receptor-positive null lymphocyte. The results were compared to those obtained with other species.
Nephelometric Activity as a Criterion of Adequate Antisera for Use in Immunofluorescence
Authors: Gauldie J. , Horsewood P. , Koekkebaker M.
Published: July 2009

We have characterized monospecific sheep antisera to human IgG, IgA and IgM using Ouchterlony double diffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, quantitative precipitation and nephelometric activity. The antisera were conjugated at high and low F/P ratios, absorbed and subsequently evaluated in both direct and indirect immunofluorescence. Antisera which exhibited excellent reactivity in double diffusion, IEP and quantitative precipitation but gave a poor nephelometric response (Ab dilution >1/25 gave no measurable response in the Technicon Fluoronephelometer) showed a marked decreased effectiveness in both direct and indirect fluorescence. Antisera which exhibited a strong nephelometric response were invariably excellent in double diffusion, IEP and quantitative precipitation and gave strong positive fluorescence at reasonable dilutions in both direct and indirect fluorescence. We suggest nεphelometry prior to conjugation is the method of choice in screening antisera usable in immunofluorescence.
Further Studies on Splenic Material Inhibiting the Growth of Lymphocytes in vitro
Authors: Nordlind K. , Sandberg G. , Thyberg J.
Published: July 2009

A material inhibiting growth of lymphocytes from different lymphoid organs and from different species was purified from calf spleen. A factor with a molecular weight of about 45,000 dal (estimated by gel chromatography) inhibited DNA synthesis and mitosis irreversibly in thymocytes and caused degenerative changes in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the thymocytes as judged by electron microscopy. However, no decrease in cell number and no increase in dye uptake in a dye exclusion test were found. Growth inhibition was also demonstrated for human melanoma cells, but not for rat liver cells. The cytotoxicity and the lack of absolute lymphocyte specificity of the factor speak against its character as a lymphocyte chalone. A probably identical factor was purified from calf liver, but was not found in extracts of calf thymus.
Effects of Drugs on the Acute Inflammation Following Intraperitoneal Injection of Antigen into Actively Sensitised Rats
Authors: Sharpe T.J. , Smith H.
Published: July 2009

When actively sensitised rats were injected intraperitoneally with antigen, the local reaction that ensued can be divided into two phases: an immediate reaction characterised by histamine and SRS-A release with an associated extravasation of plasma proteins, and a late reaction involving infiltration of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leucocytes. When the immediate reaction was modified by BRL 10833 (which inhibits histamine release from rat mast cells and reduces extravasation of plasma proteins), there was no reduction in neutrophil infiltration. FPL 55712, an SRS-A antagonist, also failed to inhibit neutrophil infiltration. The β-adrenoreceptor stimulants isoprenaline and salbutamol reduced neutrophil infiltration. Isoprenaline inhibited the extravasation of plasma proteins when given before antigen, but even when administered to rats after antigen, when extravasation was complete, it still inhibited neutrophil infiltration. Propranolol reversed isoprenaline-induced inhibition of neutrophil infiltration.
Studies on Alternaria Allergens
Authors: Vijay H.M. , Huang H. , Young N.M. , Bernstein I.L.
Published: July 2009

Extracts of Alternaria tenuis and Alternaria solani were separated into dialyzable (molecular weight <10,000) and non-dialyzable forms. The latter was further fractionated by gel filtration through Sephadex G-100 followed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The dialyzable material was fractionated by gel filtration through Sephadex G-50. The allergenic activities of the fractions obtained from the A. tenuis extract were measured in vitro by the radioallergosorbent test assay and the allergenic potency was measured by radioallergosorbent test inhibition assay. Allergenic activity was detected in most of the non-dialyzable fractions, the majority of the activity being in the last G-100 fraction (MW ≈ 20,000) which was predominantly protein in nature. The same component may be responsible for the activity found in the dialyzate and its first G-50 fraction since the immunodiffusion studies indicated that the last G-100 fraction has antigenic components in common with those of the first G-50 fraction. In addition, cross-reactions between A. tenuis and A. solani extracts show that the two species share common antigenic determinants
Depression of Contact Hypersensitivity to Oxazolone in Mice Exposed to Newcastle Disease Virus
Authors: Bellavia A. , Ure J. , Ammatuna P. , Caruso C. , Salerno A.
Published: July 2009

The effect of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) on delayed hypersensitivity to oxazolone in CBA mice was studied. There was a significant impairment of the ability of mice to develop cutaneous hypersensitivity shortly after injection of the virus. The effect was evident when NDV was administered up to 2 days before or within 24 h after sensitization, suggesting that NDV interferes with the process of sensitization. The degree of depression was related to the dose of virus inoculated. NDV inactivated by UV irradiation or heat did not depress contact sensitivity to oxazolone. These data are considered to support the hypothesis that the depression is mediated by a direct interaction between lymphocytes and NDV.
Surface Markers of Porcine Lymphocytes and Distribution in Various Lymphoid Organs
Authors: Salmon H.
Published: July 2009

Three rosette test systems were developed for the classification of subpopulations of porcine lymphocytes and correlated with the presence or the absence of membrane immunoglobulins, as well as agg-P-IgG receptors, by means of various RFC depletion experiments. Among the ED-RFC negative cells, PBL with surface immunoglobulins (SIg), at 4°C, can be subdivided into two about equal populations: (1) One half of these cells have surface stable SIg (B cells) and μ determinants; they possess C3b receptors leading to the formation of rosettes with complement-coated zymosan particles (ZC). (2) The other half have surface labile Ig when the cells are washed at 37°C (L-cells); they possess Fc receptors as detected by EA-RFC, i. e. pig-IgG-coated ox RBC. Receptors for Fc-aggas detected by agg-P-IgG, were primarily shown on B cells. ZC and EA-RFC are in the highest tissue concentration, in bone marrow and spleen, respectively, and more numerous in adults than in newborns. Moreover, the number of EA-RFC was twofold higher than that of ZC-RFC in spleen, mesenteric lymph node and cistern a chyli. This latter organ was the only one without null cell.
Complement Profiles in Monkeys Subjected to Aggregate (Immune Complex) Anaphylaxis, and Following Injection of Soluble and Particulate Polysaccharides
Authors: Hedin Harriet , Smedegård Göran
Published: July 2009

Complement profiles were established in four groups of Macaca irus monkeys: (I) Aggregate (immune complex) anaphylaxis was induced following immunization, with ovalbumin. Upon challenge, systemic arterial pressure decreased from 115 to 50 mm Hg (mean values) in 10 min. The complement profiles revealed decreases in: C1q to <10% of initial value within 5 min; C4 proportional to hypotension; C3 slowly to 60% at 24 h; C5, C6, C7, C8 and factor B to about 80% of initial value in 5–30 min. Conversion products of C3 and factor B were detected on the day of anaphylaxis. In conclusion, mainly the classical and to a lesser extent the alternative pathway, were activated. Following injection of (II) native B 512 dextran, (III) biodegradable starch microspheres, and (IV) saline, no significant changes of complement profiles were seen. Conversion products of C3 and factor B were, however, demonstrable in groups II and III without appearance of clinical signs.
Persistent Clonotypes Associated with Group A Streptococcal Polysaccharide Antibody Response in Man
Authors: Braun Dietmar G. , Laudien Dietmar , Read Stanley E. , Riesen Walter F.
Published: July 2009

Elevated anti-streptococcal group A polysaccharide antibodies are present in the sera of acute rheumatic fever patients. Analytical isoelectric focusing of sera taken in the acute phase of the disease and sequentially for up to 2 years later reveals a stable clonotype pattern of anti-group A polysaccharide antibodies. In addition, with reinfection and recurrence of the rheumatic fever, the same clonotype pattern of antibodies is present. This finding indicates that naturally acquired immunity is associated with persistence of clonotype expression.
Search for Specific Effector Functions of C3H × CBA Lymphocytes which Have Proliferated in the Spleens of Irradiated CBA Mice
Authors: Lilliehöök Bo , Blomgren Henric
Published: July 2009

Injection of C3H × CBA hybrid lymphocytes into CBA mice specifically reduces the pool of host T cells which are reactive against the Mls antigen determined by the C3H genome. Since C3H × CBA lymphocytes are triggered to cell division in the spleens of irradiated CBA mice we have now examined if such activated cell populations exhibit any effector functions against CBA lymphocytes which are reactive against C3H-determined antigens. It was observed that such ‘educated’ cell populations were unable to significantly kill CBA lymphocytes which are triggered to cell division in C3H × CBA hosts or CBA lymphocytes which can inhibit proliferation of transplanted C3H × CBA bone marrow cells. Moreover, there was no evidence that such ‘educated’ cell populations can specifically kill anti-C3H-reactive CBA lymphocytes in vitro or damage CBA bone marrow cells in vivo. Thus, these results do not demonstrate that C3H × CBA lymphocytes acquire any effector functions against CBA T cells which are reactive against C3H-determined antigens.
A Microcytotoxicity Assay Using 51Cr for Measuring Specific Cell-Mediated and Humoral Immune Responses
Authors: Penta Dennis Della , Cipuzak Patricia M. , Phillips Mildred E.
Published: July 2009

A microcytotoxicity assay (MCA) for measuring in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) and humoral cytotoxicity which uses 51Cr-labelled target cells is described. Data is presented to show the uptake and rentention of 51Cr by various viable cultured cells. The CMC determined by 51Cr-labelled target cell retention in microtest II plate wells was verified by microscopic observation. Comparisons between the CMC observed 24 and 48 h after incubation of immune and normal lymphoid cells with 51Cr-labelled target cells were made. The factors, including savings in time and expense, which may make this modified MCA superior to other MCAs in use, are discussed.
Murine Lymphoma Alkaline Phosphatase: A Cell Membrane Carcinofetal Enzyme
Authors: Floyd R.A. , Tisdale V.G. , Lumb J.R.
Published: July 2009

Alkaline phosphatase (APase) has been shown to have a membrane-bound localization in the murine fetal thymus, in murine thymic lymphoma and in adult spleen. Since it was suggested from these previous experiments that the lymphoma APase might represent an embryonic function, a detailed biochemical comparison of the lymphoma APase with the fetal thymus, placenta, fetus and spleen APases was performed. The parameters investigated were pH optimum, activation, inhibition, heat inactivation, substrate ratios, Michaelis constant, and electrophoretic analysis in the presence and absence of neuraminidase with the substrates α-naphthyl phosphate, β-glycerophosphate, and p-nitrophenyl phosphate. The results indicate that the lymphoma APase is very similar to the fetal thymus, placenta and spleen APases. Furthermore, these results lend support to the hypothesis that the APase activity which appears in thymic lymphoma might represent a derepressed embryonic function. Thus, the murine lymphoma APase may be termed a cell membrane carcinofetal enzyme.
Interaction of Disodium Cromoglycate with Calcium Ions in 2-Propanol
Authors: Spitzer J.C.
Published: July 2009

Spectral evidence is presented which indicates that calcium ions can complex with the cromoglycate anion in an organic medium containing a small amount of water. The implications of this finding for the antiasthmatic activity of disodium cromoglycate are discussed.
Cytochemical and Ultrastructural Alteration of Leukemic Cells by a Naturally Cytotoxic Factor from Spleen
Authors: Attallah A.M. , Johnson J.B. , Malinin G.I. , Houck J.C. , Petricciani J.C.
Published: July 2009

Experiments were carried out to delineate the differences in cytocidal modality of natural splenic cytotoxic factor (30,000–50,000 daltons) and cyto-A against normal and human leukemic lymphocytes in vitro. It was found that the differences in the cytocidal action effected by cyto-A and splenic isolate were as follows: (1) the killing effect of cyto-A against leukemic cells was very rapid in contrast to the slowly acting spleen factor as evaluated by cytochemical and ultrastructural studies; (2) spleen factor was not cytotoxic against normal lymphocytes in contrast to the indiscriminatory cytotoxic cyto-A.
Mitotic Activity of Thymocytes in a Synthetic Tissue Culture Medium. Effect of L-AIanine
Authors: Sandberg G. , Ernström U.
Published: July 2009

DNA synthesis in guinea pig thymocytes suspended in RPMI 1640 medium increased to a peak after 4–5 h in culture and was followed by increased mitotic activity, indicating that many thymocytes in S phase proceeded through G2 into mitosis. Addition of L-alanine to the medium markedly increased the DNA synthesis within 1 h and the mitotic frequency from 6 h. The increase in DNA synthesis when L-alanine was present in the medium was thus caused by an increased number of cells in S phase. Human thymocytes cultured in RPMI 1640 for 18 h had a low mitotic frequency. Addition of L-alanine immediately started DNA synthesis in the arrested thymocytes resulting in increased mitotic activity from 6 h later. The results show that L-alanine is a growth factor for guinea pig and human thymocytes and should be included in tissue culture media used for such cells. Growth of thymocytes in vitro was partly synchronized, and the mitotic studies indicated that many cells had entered S phase near the start of incubation.
Heterotoxicity of Human Serum IV.
Authors: Rozenfarb E. , Eidinger D.
Published: July 2009

The toxic and often lethal reaction caused by intravascular injection of fresh human serum (FHS) was studied in mice. Decomplementation experiments indicated that the alternative complement pathway plays an essential role in the production of ‘serum shock’. In vivo activation of human factor B and C3, following the administration of FHS into mice, was detected by immunoelectrophoresis. Absorption experiments suggested that natural antibodies were not required for toxicity, although they may amplify the lethal potential of normal sera by feedback mechanisms of C activation. Injections of FHS caused intravascular hemolysis of mouse erythrocytes and platelet aggregation in mice. The relationship of these observations to the mechanism(s) underlying lethality will be discussed in the following article.
Heterotoxicity of Human Serum V.
Authors: Rozenfarb E. , Eidinger D.
Published: July 2009

Intravenous injections of fresh human serum (FHS) with an operative alternative complement pathway (ACP) were toxic for mice. The toxic reaction was manifested by intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, and a slight prolongation in the mean activated thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and thrombin time. In moribund animals, this was followed by a profound thrombocytopenia and alterations in the leukocyte counts. Marked to slight leukopenia developed in animals dying relatively quickly, while leukocytosis was observed infrequently in animals dying after a protracted shock, and only in concurrence with hemoconcentration and thrombocytopenia. Although the latter sequence of events was not investigated extensively, it may have led to intravascular coagulation. During the acute phase of the reactions, the deposition of platelets mainly in the lungs, and erythrocytes mainly in the liver, was demonstrated by accumulation of radioactive labelling of platelets and erythrocytes, respectively. Histologic sections of the lung revealed hemorrhagic lesions and the accumulation of ‘platelet-like’ thrombi in the pulmonary vessels. The blood films of animals injected with active serum showed erythrocytes ghosts, but no hemagglutination or distinctive microangiopathic changes. The fatal consequence of serum injections could not be prevented by the administration of cortisone, histamine and serotonin antagonists, anticoagulants, or by β-adrenergic blockade. The injections of homologous erythrocytes lysed by human serum, but not of sonicated red cell, produced histopathologic lesions suggestive of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) in the lungs. It is suggested that the interaction of complement and the coagulation system might induce the development of syndromes characterized by DIC or TTP, or thrombotic phenomena in other conditions.
The Use of Hapten-Polysaccharide Conjugates for the Induction of B-Cell Tolerance Involving IgE Responses
Authors: Garrido M.J. , Moreno C.
Published: July 2009

Inbred strain 2 and (strain 2 × strain 13) F1 guinea pigs were made allergic by intraperitoneal injections of sulphonamide-chicken γ-globulin (CGG) conjugates. Two sulphonamides were used: 4-sulphanilamide benzoic acid (4-SABA) and sulphamethoxazole (SMX). 4-SABA was coupled to CGG through its carboxylic group and SMX was coupled following diazotization of its sulphanilamide group. The anti-4-SABA and anti-SMX reaginic antibodies formed did not show any cross-reactivity with each other. Injection of 4-SABA coupled to native levan effectively suppressed the allergic responses of these guinea pigs when given either prior to or after immunization with 4-SABA-CGG. This treatment is specific as it did not affect anti-SMX or anti-CGG reaginic responses. Guinea pigs seem more sensitive to the regime used for tolerance induction than correspondingly sensitized mice in that less tolerogen is required on a body weight basis.
Effect of Cyclic AMP on Histamine Release Induced by Compound 48/80
Authors: Ennis Madeleine , Pearce Frederick L.
Published: July 2009

Bu2 cAMP(N6, O2′-dibutyryl adenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate) inhibited the response of rat peritoneal mast cells to compound 48/80 in the presence of calcium ions. In the absence of calcium, the nucleotide partially prevented the desensitization induced by chelating agents. The response of cells, allowed to accumulate Bu2 cAMP in the presence of calcium (to avoid depletion of intracellular stores of the ion) and then challenged in the absence of extracellular calcium, was also inhibited. These results are discussed in terms of the postulated effects of Bu2 cAMP on the calcium-gating mechanism operative in histamine secretion.
In vitro Release of Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor of Anaphylaxis (ECF-A) from Guinea Pig Skin
Authors: Kimura Isamu , Yamamoto Shoso , Yamura Takuso
Published: July 2009

An in vitro release of the eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A) in anaphylactic reactions was studied using skin slices from actively sensitized guinea pigs. ECF-A and histamine were released in vitro from actively sensitized guinea pig skin by antigen challenge. The magnitude of ECF-A release did not always parallel that of anaphylactic histamine release in guinea pig skin, suggesting that there may be no correlation between the amount of ECF-A and that of histamine released from the skin in anaphylactic reactions in guinea pigs.
Movement of Calcium Ions and Release of Histamine from Rat Mast Cells
Authors: Ranadive Narendranath S. , Dhanani Nusrat
Published: July 2009

Rat mast cells were stimulated for histamine release in a medium containing radioactive calcium, by band 2 protein (B2) and compound 48/80. It was found that a significant amount of extracellular calcium was taken up by the stimulated cells. When the histamine release process was divided into two stages by activating the cells at 0 °C and then washing them prior to suspending them in Tyrode’s solution at 37 °C, it was found that calcium uptake by the cells took place at the release stage. This suggests that calcium entry into the cells occurs subsequent to the activation stage. Inhibition of histamine release by 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) also inhibited the calcium influx into the cells. The present studies also suggest that calcium does not diffuse into the cells as a result of degranulation. These findings have been discussed in relation to the mobilization of intracellular calcium.
An Enzymatic-Isotopic Microassay for Measuring Allergic Release of Histamine from Blood and Mast Cells in vitro
Authors: Taylor K.M. , Krilis S. , Baldo B.A.
Published: July 2009

An enzymatic-isotopic microassay has been developed which has the sensitivity and specificity to measure picogram amounts of histamine in 20 μl samples of plasma. This analytical technique has been used to study the allergic release of histamine in vitro in whole human blood. Prior separation of leucocytes is not necessary and multiple assays can be performed on minimal blood samples making the procedure attractive as a diagnostic procedure in allergy. The enzymatic-isotopic microassay is versatile in that it has also been applied to the study of the allergic release of histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells.
Asbestosis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Bartsch P. , Salmon J. , Mahieu P.
Published: July 2009

A case associating asbestosis and clinical lupus erythematosus (SLE), both diagnosed according to standard criteria, is described. It is suggested that such an association may bear some analogy to the well-known ‘Caplan-Collinet’ syndrome, associating silicosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
The Antigens of Pigeon Breeder’s Disease
Authors: Fredricks Walter W. , Tebo Thomas H.
Published: July 2009

Antigen PDEB was purified from pigeon dropping extracts and characterized as a basic glycoprotein, containing 93% protein and 7% carbohydrate, with a molecular weight of approximately 51,000. Based on its size, subunit composition, and cross-reactions with PDE1, (pigeon IgA) and papain digestion products of PDE1 PDEB appears to be the basic Fab fragments of antigen PDE1. The acidic Fab fragments (PDEA) and the Fc fragments (PDE2) of PDE1 were also isolated from the whole PDE as 50,000 MW components.
Antigens in Penicillin Allergy
Authors: Ahlstedt S. , Kristofferson A. , Hall E.
Published: July 2009

The effects of the different acyl side chains of azidocillin, ampicillin and benzylpenicillin on the immunogenic potency of penicilloylated antigens as well as on the specificity of the developed antibodies were investigated in CBA mice. The antigens used were penicilloylated bovine gammaglobulm (BGG), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA). Immunization was performed with injection of high doses of antigens together with adjuvant or by injection of minute amounts of antigen over periods of 10 days. IgE antibodies were recorded with PCA in rats and IgG antibodies were measured with a double antibody assay. The nature of the carrier as well as the number of epitopes was found to influence the development of antibodies irrespective of the immunization schedule used. The immunogenic activity of the PO-BSA antigens was related to the epitope density. The PO-BSA antigens were, in contrast to the PO-BGG antigens, weak immunogens in the CBA mice. The acyl side chains of the different penicillins influenced the induction and specificity of the IgE antibody responses obtained after daily treatment.
Levamisole and Leucocyte Migration into Sponge Exudates
Authors: Griffiths G. , West G.B.
Published: July 2009

Locally administered levamisole enhanced leucocyte migration into inert sponges implanted into rats for either 4 or 48 h. The stimulated cell at both times was predominantly the polymorphonuclear neutrophil. Locally administered levamisole also enhanced leucocyte migration into inert sponges implanted into arthritic rats, during the primary stage as well as during the secondary stage after adjuvant injection when arthritis had been fully established.
Skin Reactions of Rats to Levamisole and D-Penicillamine
Authors: Ruenitz P.C. , Sorenson J.R.J. , West G.B.
Published: July 2009

Levamisole and D-penicillamine are not skin sensitizers in rats. Furthermore, they do not stimulate T-lymphocyte proliferation in the draining lymph node when injected in oil into the hindpaw or base of the tail. Their copper coordination compounds also do not sensitize rats though they are irritant when injected locally.
Aggregate Anaphylaxis in the Monkey
Authors: Smedegård Göran , Revenäs Björn , Saldeen Tom
Published: July 2009

Haematological and histological studies were made following challenge in 8 monkeys (Macaca irus) sensitized with ovalbumin. Haemagglutinating, but no reaginic antibodies to ovalbumin were demonstrated before challenge. Both platelet and leucocyte counts decreased markedly (––80 and ––89%, respectively) within 5 min after challenge. No evidence of haemoconcentration was found. Plasma fibrinogen decreased (––74%), indicating activation of the coagulation system. Histological examination revealed platelets, leucocytes, fibrin and a large number of hyaline globuli (‘globular microemboli’) in pulmonary capillaries and small arterioles. From their staining properties the globuli were considered to consist mainly of fibrin. Some globuli were also found in the liver and kidneys, but were rarely seen in other organs. It is concluded that the anaphylactic reaction in this experimental model can be classified as aggregate anaphylaxis, and it is suggested that platelet mediators play an important role in the early pulmonary vascular and respiratory response.
Antigenic Composition of a Vaccine Strain of Francisella tularensis
Authors: Holm S.E. , Tärnvik A. , Sandström G.
Published: July 2009

The antigenic composition of the live vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis was investigated. Ether-water extracts, water-soluble material from freeze-pressed bacteria and detergent-eluted material from bacterial envelope were allowed to react in immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis with rabbit antiserum against disintegrated bacteria of the vaccine strain. Ten antigenic factors were distinguished in an ether extract. When the extract was precipitated with ammonium sulphate 15 antigenic factors were distinguished in the precipitate and 14 factors in an ethanol precipitate of the supernatant fluid. In the water extract of freeze-pressed material 17 antigenic factors were found. Comparative immunoelectrophoresis of all these fractions demonstrated a minimum of 20 antigenic factors. When envelope material of the vaccine strain was treated with Triton X-100, three more antigenic factors were found to be solubilized. Thus, a total of 23 antigenic factors were distinguished in the extracts. There was a wide variation in heat and trypsin sensitivity between the antigenic factors. A few of the factors had esterase or alkaline phosphatase activity, whereas acid phosphatase, β-glucuronidase or peroxidase activities were not found in any of the factors.
Effect of Aspirin on Complement in vivo
Authors: Voigtländer V. , Hänsch G.M. , Rother U.
Published: July 2009

Following ingestion of aspirin (1 g) complement consumption could be demonstrated in 18/20 healthy volunteers. A slight to moderate decrease of whole complement activity (CH50) and of the components C1, C4 and C2 was found. In addition, reduced levels of the C1 inactivator (C1 IA) were measured in 19/20 probands. The drop in C titers and C1 IA was only detectable within a short period of time and 30 min after ingestion of the drug the titers were usually returning to normal. In view of these findings, the possible role of complement in adverse reactions to aspirin is discussed.
Increase of T·G Lymphocytes in Human One-Way Mixed Lymphocyte Culture
Authors: Meroni P.L. , Ciboddo G.F. , Colombo Gisella , Rugarli C. , Zanussi C.
Published: July 2009

Human one-way mixed lymphocyte culture induces a significant increase of EA(7S) rosette-forming cells, Using fractionation procedures, an increased number of Fc receptor-bearing cells in the T high-enriched populations was found from alloactivated lymphocytes compared with similar fractions obtained after autologous control cultures. Additional experiments showed a parallel increase of E-rosette-forming cells in the Fc receptor-enriched alloactivated fractions. The results indicate that an increase of T·G lymphocytes occurs during in vitro alloactivation in man.
Receptors for IgG Fc and Complement in the Mammalian Aorta
Authors: Kasukawa Reiji , Okada Mitsuru , Igari Shun
Published: July 2009

The presence of IgG Fc receptors in the tissue sections of aorta and aortic valves of man, ox and pig was demonstrated by means of hemadsorption of human and rabbit IgG antibody sensitized erythrocytes to these sections. C3b receptors in the tissue sections of aortic valves of these three mammals were also demonstrated by using sheep erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit IgM antibody which bound murine complement. 8 of 13 systemic lupus erythematosus sera and 2 of 19 other collagen disease sera were shown to be able to inhibit the adsorption of rabbit IgG antibody sensitized erythrocytes to the human aortic sections upon preincubation of the tissues with the pathologic sera. The amount of immune complexes in the ‘inhibition-positive’ sera was significantly higher than that in the negative sera.
An Investigation of the Antigens of Ascaris Lumbricoides Using a Radioimmunoassay and Sera of Naturally Infected Humans
Authors: O’Donnell I.J. , Mitchell G.F.
Published: July 2009

Of 5 humans from an Ascaris lumbricoides(var. suum)-endemic area who were positive for Ascaris infection (past or current) when examined by a radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for serum immunoglobulin E, only 1 contained detectable levels of Ascaris-specific serum IgG antibodies. These antibodies were not detectable when the radioimmunoassay was replaced with a precipitin assay. There was a wide ringe of molecular weights and isoelectric points of antigens in Ascaris body fluid (ABF) whicw reacted with antibodies in this infected human. However, unlike the IgE-binding ABF antigens, the IgG-binding ABF antigens were particularly evident in one area of molecular weight and isoelectric point. This human also had IgA and IgM to Ascaris antigens whereas the others had barely detectable amounts.
The Effects of Diurnal Rhythms on Immune Parameters in New Hampshire Chickens
Authors: Stinson R. , McCorkle F. , Mashaly M. , Taylor R. , Martin D. , Glick B.
Published: July 2009

The influence of diurnal rhythms on several immune parameters was studied. When thymic-derived lymphocytes were collected 4 times during a 24-hour period, a variation occurred in the migration ability of these ceils. The migration of T cells at 2:00 a.m. was markedly lower than at other time periods. Similar results were noted employing other T-cell tests: phytohemagglutinin wattle responsiveness and the graft vs. host assay.
IgG Antibodies to Pollen Allergens in Children with Rye-Grass Lung Sensitivity
Authors: Smart I.J. , Hill D.J. , Hosking C.S.
Published: July 2009

This study determined the changes in the amount (Abt) and relative avidity (Krel) of antibody to a purified rye-grass pollen extract during the rye-grass pollen season in 15 asthmatic children. For the group, there was a significant rise in Abt pre- to mid-season and fall mid- to post-season (p < 0.05), but no consistent changes in Krel values during the study were seen. Asthmatic children with and without bronchial reactivity to rye-grass pollen extract showed similar Abt and Krel changes during the study.
Production of Monoclonal Mouse IgE Antibodies with DNP Specificity by Hybrid Cell Lines
Authors: Böttcher Irmgard , Ulrich Marianne , Hirayama Nakami , Ovary Zoltan
Published: July 2009

IgE anti-DNP antibody-secreting hybridomas were obtained by polyethylene glycol fusion of murine myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice, primed with DNP-KLH and challenged with DNP-Nippostrongylus brasiliensis extract. The in vivo and in vitro continuously growing hybridomas are producing high amounts of monoclonal IgE anti-DNP antibodies, which are heat-labile, hapten-specific and have rat mast cell sensitizing capacity.
Adjuvant Effects of Amorphous Silica and of Aluminium Hydroxide on IgE and IgG1 Antibody Production in Different Inbred Mouse Strains
Authors: Mancino D. , Ovary Z.
Published: July 2009

The adjuvant effects of an amorphous silica (Aerosil) and of Al(OH)3 on primary and secondary IgE and IgG1 immune responses to small doses of OA were studied comparatively in BALB/c, C57BL, DBA/1, AKR, DBA/2 and SJL inbred mouse strains. During the primary response, all mouse strains produced both IgG1 and IgE antibodies when antigen was given with Al(OH)3, whereas only DBA/1, BALB/c and DBA/2 mice produced IgG1 and/or IgE antibodies when Aerosil was used as the adjuvant. A booster effect, higher than that obtained by Al(OH)3, was induced by Aerosil in all mouse strains. The adjuvant effect of Aerosil was more selectively directed to the production of IgE antibody.
Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema: Immunochemical ‘Activity’ without Clinical Expression
Authors: Spitzer Roger E. , Stitzel Ann E. , Urmson Joan R.
Published: July 2009

An 11-year-old white female with focal glomerulonephritis was found to have an absence of functional C1 esterase inhibitor. C1 esterase inhibitor measured by immunochemical means, however, was only slightly reduced. After an initial time period marked by variable hypocomplementemia, presumably due to immune complex formation associated with the nephritis, immunochemical signs of active and severe hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE) developed. These have been unremitting for 3½ years. Clinical signs of HANE, however, have never developed. Thus, during this time, there have been no clinical abnormalities despite the fact that free C1 esterase activity has been persistently present in this patient’s serum and serum levels of functional C1 esterase inhibitor, C2 and C4 have been continuously less than 2% of normal. It appears, therefore, that this patient has an unusual form of HANE manifested solely by the complement alterations seen during symptomatic attacks but without clinical expression of that serologic activity.
Subpopulations of Human T Lymphocytes
Authors: Gupta Sudhir , Fikrig Senih , Good Robert A.
Published: July 2009

Peripheral blood from children with bronchial asthma was examined for the proportions of T cells, T cells with receptors for IgM (Tμ) or IgG (Tγ), and locomotion of T cells in the presence of chemoattractants casein and endotoxin-activated serum (EAS). Patients were divided into two groups: (A) children with asthma who were not taking any medication for at least 3–5 days prior to the study and (B) children who were taking aminophylline when this study was carried out. Proportions of T cells and Tγ cells in patients from both groups were comparable to age and sex matched controls. Tμ cells in group A patients were comparable to those of the control group, but group B patients had significantly lower proportions of Tμ cells when compared with those of controls and of patients in group A. Locomotion of T cells in the presence of casein and EAS was comparable in all three groups. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Concanavalin A Inhibits the Development of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Kuroda Y. , Mori R. , Aoki T.
Published: July 2009

The effect of concanavalin A (Con A) on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was assessed in guinea pigs with a various time, dose and route schedule. EAE was significantly suppressed when 5 mg of Con A was injected in the sensitizing injection sites within 3 days before or after sensitization with bovine spinal cord in complete Freund’s adjuvant. The EAE-suppressive activity of Con A was shown by significant reductions in incidence and severity of EAE, a delayed onset of EAE and low mortality. The proliferative response of draining lymph node cells (LNC) to myelin basic protein (BP), the growth of the draining lymph nodes (LN) and the proliferation of active rosette-forming T cells in the draining LN were all significantly suppressed in Con A-treated animals than those of unsuppressed animals. The depressed LNC reactivity to BP in Con A-treated animals was not increased when nylon wool adherent cells were removed, whereas there was a significant increase in unsuppressed animals. These results suggest that Con A suppressed EAE by inhibiting the proliferation of BP-sensitized T cells in the draining LN and that the interaction between T cell subsets could exert an inhibitory effect on EAE.
Chlorpromazine and Lidocaine Inhibit Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity but Not Erythrocyte Antibody Rosette Formation
Authors: Tsokos George , Mandyla Helene , Xanthou Marieta , Papamichail Michail
Published: July 2009

Pretreatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with chlorpromazine and lidocaine reduces their ability to induce lysis of antibody-coated target cells. This effect of local anesthetics was not due to a reduction of binding of antibody-coated red cells to the mononuclear cells, but it was rather probably due to the inhibition of mobility of the Fc receptor on the cell membrane.
Mast Cells as a Possible Source of Haemophilus influenzae-Induced Changes in Plasma and Lung Histamine Levels
Authors: Raaijmakers J.A.M. , Terpstra G.K. , Kreukniet J.
Published: July 2009

Histidine decarboxylase activity and histamine levels of peritoneal mast cells were enhanced 4 days after intraperitoneal Haemophilus influenzae vaccination of rats. Incubation of the cells with propranolol (3.4 × 10––4M) resulted in histamine release and an increased histidine decarboxylase activity. Histidine decarboxylase activity and histamine release were more increased in the presence of propranolol in mast cells obtained from H. influenzae-vaccinated rats. An increased mediator release is also suggested by the increase of the number of peritoneal eosinophils. These data might explain the earlier observed enhanced plasma and lung histamine levels in H. influenzae-vaccinated rats.
Dog Dander Allergens
Authors: Brandt Ragnhild , Yman Lars
Published: July 2009

Cat allergen-specific serum IgE antibodies were detected in 27 (71% of a group of 38 dog dander-sensitive patients. In 4 (11%) of the cases the dual reaction could be explained by the presence of IgE antibodies to cross-reacting serum proteins. In a larger group the binding of dog dander-specific IgE antibodies could be inhibited by cat epithelium allergens. Two allergenic components of dog dander were separated by chromatography on Sepha-dex G-75. One of the allergens was closely related to a purified major cat epithelium allergen. The other allergen was apparently dog-specific and showed no cross-reactivity with cat allergens. Both components were present in the dander of dachshund, Airedale terrier, poodle and boxer. The dog dander is the preferable source of dog epithelium allergens provided that the existence of relations to other animals is considered.
Use of the Radioallergosorbent Test for the Study of Coelenterate Toxin-Specific Immunoglobulin E
Authors: Hartman Karen R. , Calton Gary J. , Burnett Joseph W.
Published: July 2009

The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) was adapted for use to screen the immune response to sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) and Portuguese man-o’-war (Physalia physalis) toxins. The results of a preliminary screening of serum from patients varying in their reaction to envenomations indicate the potential of these toxin proteins to induce an allergic state in humans and illustrate the use of the RAST as a screening device to detect persons sensitive to coelenterate stings.
Ia Requirement in T Cell Response to Various Mitogenic Lectins
Authors: Kimura Yoshiko , Iwata Makoto , Masuzawa Yasuo , Osawa Toshiaki
Published: July 2009

Various lectins, mainly T cell mitogens, were examined to determine the relationship between anti-Ia antiserum-treated T cell responses and the sugar specificities of these lectins. Anti-Ia antiserum and complement treatment diminished nylon wool column-purified T cell responses to most lectins such as concanavalin A, Lens culinaris hemagglutinin, Pisum sativum agglutinin, Wistaria floribunda mitogen, Limulus polyphemus agglutinin and pokeweed mitogen, and the diminished response to these lectins could be restored by adding nylon wool-adherent cells, whereas the same treatment rather enhanced their response to Phaseolus vulgaris phytohemagglutinin. We concluded that whether T cell responses to various lectins require Ia-bearing cells more or less is independent of the sugar-binding specificities of these lectins.
Role of Purified Serum Components in Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Chemotaxis
Authors: Czarnetzki B.M. , Schulz W.
Published: July 2009

Three highly purified serum proteins are examined for their role during leukocyte chemotaxis. In the absence of added proteins, migration of eosinophils towards eosinophil chemotactic factor and of neutrophils towards bacterial factor does not occur at all. Dose-response curves with human serum albumin (HSA) show that chemotaxis proceeds well after addition of HSA, with an optimum at 1 mg/ml. HSA has to be present in the buffer during chemotaxis since preincubation of cells followed by washing is ineffective. In contrast,α2-macroglobulin and α1-antitrypsin enhance leukocyte migration at doses close to physiological serum levels and affect cells irreversibly. The data suggest a complex and powerful modulating influence of serum proteins on the influx of eosinophils and neutrophils to tissue sites.
Allergenicity of Major Component Proteins of Soybean
Authors: Shibasaki Masanao , Suzuki Shigeyoshi , Tajima Shusaku , Nemoto Hirobumi , Kuroume Takayoshi
Published: July 2009

Allergenic activities of major component proteins of soybean 11S-, 7S- and 2S-globulins were examined by the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and by RAST inhibition experiments with the sera from soybean-sensitive patients. The reactivity with specific IgE antibody was found in all fractions. There was considerable cross-reactivity among three fractions, and 2S-globulin had the highest allergen potency to inhibit the RAST against 11S-, 7S- and 2S-globulin. When the fractions were heat-treated at 80, 100 and 120 °C for 30 min, the RAST reactivity of 2S-globulin heated at 80 °C for 30 min was slightly enhanced, while that of others was reduced to 39–75% of that of the native globulin. IgE antibody could be produced in BALB/c mice only with one of the three fractions, i. e. 2S-globulin, and the produced IgE antibody lacked reactivity with 11S- and 7S-globulin.