bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Bandwidth Theorem in sparse graphs
Authors: Allen Peter , Böttcher Julia , Ehrenmüller Julia , Taraz Anusch
Published: May 2020

One of the first results in graph theory was Dirac's theorem which claims that if the minimum degree in a graph is at least half of the number of vertices, then it contains a Hamiltonian cycle. This result has inspired countless other results all stating that in dense graphs we can find sparse spanning subgraphs. Along these lines, one of the most far-reaching results is the celebrated _Bandwidth Theorem_, proved around 10 years ago by Böttcher, Schacht, and Taraz. It states, rougly speaking, that every $n$-vertex graph with minimum degree at least $\left( \frac{r-1}{r} + o(1)\right) n$ contains a copy of all $n$-vertex graphs $H$ such that $\chi(H) \leq r$, $\Delta (H) = O(1)$, and the bandwidth of $H$ is $o(n)$. This was conjectured earlier by Bollobás and Komlós. The proof is using the Regularity method based on the Regularity Lemma and the Blow-up Lemma.

Ever since the Bandwith Theorem came out, it has been open whether one could prove a similar statement for sparse random graphs. In this remarkable, deep paper the authors do just that, they establish sparse random analogues of the Bandwidth Theorem. In particular, the authors show that, for every positive integer $\Delta$, if $p \gg \left(\frac{\log{n}}{n}\right)^{1/\Delta}$, then asymptotically almost surely, every subgraph $G\subseteq G(n, p)$ with $\delta(G) \geq \left( \frac{r-1}{r} + o(1)\right) np$ contains a copy of every $r$-colourable spanning (i.e., $n$-vertex) graph $H$ with maximum degree at most $\Delta$ and bandwidth $o(n)$, provided that $H$ contains at least $C p^{-2}$ vertices that do not lie on a triangle (of $H$). (The requirement about vertices not lying on triangles is necessary, as pointed out by Huang, Lee, and Sudakov.) The main tool used in the proof is the recent monumental sparse Blow-up Lemma due to Allen, Böttcher, Hàn, Kohayakawa, and Person.
The Affecting Factors of Nurse Fatigue in The ICU and ER of Bhayangkara HS. Samsoeri Mertojoso Hospital
Authors: Purnomo Bagus Tejo
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Nurses have a very stressful job because they are required to deal with the needs of patients. Nurses are responsible for contacting and observing patients 24 hours a day. The nurse fatigue is associated with stress at work, workload, and the level of conflicts that occurs in the work environment. This research aims to analyze the relationship between the individual characteristics and fatigue of nurses’ performance in the ICU and ER. Methods: This research is observational research with a cross-sectional design and the analysis used in this study is a descriptive analysis conducted in the form of frequency tables and cross tabulations. The research data were obtained from filling in identity data sheets, IFRS work fatigue measurement questionnaires, and calorimeter measurements. To analyze the relationship between two variables with ordinal and nominal data scales including non-parametric statistics and due to the total population in this study, to find out how strong the relationship value is the Cramer V value in the Chi Square Test. The sample used was 25 nurses who work in the ICU and ER. Results: There is a relationship on the characteristics of nurses in the study which includes age, sex, length of service, education level, marital status, nutritional status, length of work, workload with subjective fatigue in ICU and ER nurses. Conclusion: In the test results obtained varying results from strong to weak relationship. In conclusion, individual characteristics cause subjective fatigue in ICU and ER nurses.Keywords: emergency room, intensive care unit, nurses, subjective fatigue
Analysis of Correlation between Workload and Work Attitudes Toward Work Fatigue (Case Study in Kaliotik Lamongan Restaurant Workers)
Authors: Ansori Rohmia Fina
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Currently, Culinary becomes a promising business, so does Lamongan Kaliotik Resto, one of the famous restaurant in Lamongan. The high number of customer visits risks the workforce from work fatigue. The demand for production in order to fulfill the consumer needs leads to an excessive workload which is handed to the workers in the Kaliotik Lamongan restaurant. Moreover, high mobility in the food production process potentially creates non-ergonomic work attitudes. Therefore, all of those factors can lead the workers experiencing work fatigue. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between workload and work attitude with work fatigue at Kaliotik Lamongan Resto workers. Methods: This study was observational descriptive which was done by using cross-sectional. The population in this study was all workers at the Kaliotik Lamongan Resto, which consisted of 13 people who worked in the kitchen and cashier kitchen section. The sampling technique used was the total population technique. Data collection includes physical workload measurements, assessment of work attitude with The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method and work fatigue measurements using a reaction timer. The study was analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: Showed that the workload with work fatigue had a relationship with the strength of the moderate relationship (r = 0.415) and work attitudes with work fatigue showed a low strong relationship (r = 0.389). Conclusion: Excessive workload is the main factor which causes work fatigue in workers, in contrary, work attitude is not a factor of work fatigue.Keywords: physical workload, work attitude, work fatigue
Perilaku Ibu pada Pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI (MPASI) di Kelurahan Pegirian
Authors: Lestiarini Santi , Sulistyorini Yuly
Published: May 2020

Background: The target of exclusive breastfeeding has not been achieved because complementary feeding (MPASI) has been given earlier. Infants aged 0-6 months should only get breastfed without any complementary food. Objective: This paper aimed to analyze factors related to maternal behavior towards complementary feeding (MPASI) in Pegirian Village. Method: This study was observational and cross-sectional, involving all mothers and caregivers of under-five-year-old children in Pegirian Village. The sample size was 35 mothers and caregivers of toddlers in Neighborhood Association No. 06 Community Association 02 Pegirian Village, Surabaya City. Sampling technique in use was saturated sampling or census method because the total population was less than 100. The research variables included educational background, income, and actions in giving MPASI. Correlation test was in use to see the relationship among factors. Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between knowledge and attitude with complementary feeding behavior (P value = 0.001 and 0.015). There was no relationship between the level of education and employment status with complementary feeding behavior towards infants aged less than 6 months (P values = 0.425 and 0.134). Conclusion: Knowledge and attitude of mothers and caregivers can influence complementary feeding for infants aged less than 6 months.
Ethics theory and theory of reasoned action in e-book piracy
Authors: Jannah Izzatul , Kholid Muamar Nur
Published: May 2020

This research was aimed to analyze the factors affecting accounting students’ intention in carrying out e-book piracy. This research integrated the theory of reasoned action and ethics theory. This was quantitative research with a survey method. Data in this research were collected from respondents who filled in questionnaires. The respondents in this research were accounting students of Universities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) supported by SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of the analysis showed that attitude, subjective norm, perceived benefit, and moral obligation significantly affected the intention of carrying out E-book piracy. Meanwhile, the perceived risk significantly affected the attitude toward piracy. Furthermore, this research discussed both theoretical and practical impacts based on the results of data analysis.
Strategy, practice and quality of sustainability reports on stock price crash risk
Authors: Harmadji Dwi Ekasari , Subroto Bambang , Saraswati Erwin , Prihatiningtias Yeney W.
Published: May 2020

This study examines the relationship between stock price crash risk (SPCR) or the risk of a stock price collapse with strategy, practice, and quality of sustainability reports. This research uses archival data and verification methods. Data analysis using descriptive statistics, regression, classic assumption, and path analysis. This phenomenon arose due to the large number of SPCRs which resulted in losses for investors in the capital market. Samples were taken based on judgment sampling and found 304 reporting studied during the period from 2010-2017 (8 years). The outcomes of this study are the strategy and practice of standalone sustainability reports have a positive effect on the quality of sustainability reports. The quality of sustainability reports (SRQ) mediates the strategy and practice of standalone sustainability reports against SPCR.
Investigating the effect of organizational culture on strategy implementation process of private chartered universities in Kenya
Authors: Nderitu Joyce Wanjiku , Waiganjo Esther , Orwa George O.
Published: May 2020

This study aimed at investigating the effect of organizational culture and strategy implementation process of Private chartered universities in Kenya. The cross-sectional survey research design was adopted and it used both quantitative and qualitative data as it seeks the effect of organizational culture on the implementation of corporate strategy. The accessible population included Registrars, Deans, Directors, Heads of Departments, academic staff, and students’ leaders. This study used both stratified random sampling and the target sample size was 198 employees. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to analyze data.  The competing values framework was adopted to identify the organizational culture types that are displayed in Private chartered universities. A multiple linear regression model was also used to derive inferential statistical indicators.  Normality testing was done to compare the cumulative distribution of the data with the expected cumulative normal distribution and it bases its P value on the largest discrepancy. Two versions of Breusch-Pagan tests were conducted to test the null hypothesis on whether heteroscedasticity or homoscedasticity was present. Based on the regression analysis it was clear that the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis accepted. The conclusion was that Clan culture had a significant influence on the strategy implementation process of Private chartered universities in Kenya.  The results established that there was a linear positive relationship between Clan culture and strategy implementation which implies that an increase in Clan culture would lead to a linear increase in Strategy implementation in Private chartered universities in Kenya.
Application of Basel III on health level in banking sub sector company
Authors: Erwan Yutaka , Wijaya John Henry
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the level of banking health on the ratio of liquidity coverage in the corporate banking sub-sector included in the category of commercial banks based on business activities (BOOK) 3 during the 2017-2018 period with each period only taking 2 quarterly data. The sample in this study was a banking company listed on the IDX and included in a commercial bank based on business activities (BOOK) 3 consisting of 19 banks selected using the purposive sampling method, with a total of 76 data units. The analytical method used in this study is panel data regression analysis. The results of partial hypothesis testing indicate that the ratio of liquidity coverage is influenced by the level of health with the Altman Z-Score modification method and the Grover G-Score method.
Small enterprises and banking in rural Ghana
Authors: Adusei Charles , Tweneboah-Koduah Isaac
Published: May 2020

This study aim is to explore owners of small enterprises' appreciation of bank’s role in developing their businesses and the challenges that come along in accessing banking services in the context of Sefwi-Bekwai which is a rural community. Questionnaires were used to solicit information from the owners while descriptive statistics aided the data analysis. The study found that the main source of start-up capital is the owner’s funds whiles saving was recorded as the key benefit of banking. It further revealed that the high-interest rate charged was a barrier in accessing loans and the effect of bank relations was sound financial management for the SME’s operations. The paper suggests the need for small enterprise owners in the rural communities to form an association for their benefit in terms of taking advantage of group lending and demanding support and relief from relevant authorities. Improved institutional support would also give small enterprises better access to the information they need for financing and growth.
Seismic Analysis of Steel Cylindrical Liquid Storage Tank Using Coupled Acoustic-Structural Finite Element Method For Fluid-Structure Interaction
Authors: Rawat Aruna , Matsagar Vasant , Nagpal A. K.
Published: May 2020

A seismic analysis of ground-supported, three-dimensional (3-D) rigid-base steel cylindrical liquid storage tank is investigated, using a coupled acoustic-structural finite element (FE) method for fluid-structure interaction (FSI). In this method, the contained liquid in the tank is modelled using acoustic elements and the cylindrical tank is modelled using shell elements. The impulsive and convective terms are estimated separately by using the appropriate boundary conditions on the free surface of the liquid. The convergence and validation studies of the proposed FE model are conducted by comparing the results reported in the literature. The parametric studies are performed for rigid and flexible tanks for the varying slenderness of the open roof tanks. The sloshing displacement and base shear time history responses are evaluated for the 3-D tanks subjected to harmonic unidirectional ground motions. Further, the results are compared with the commonly used two and three lumped-mass models of the tank. Moreover, the seismic response quantities of the tank subjected simultaneously to the bi-directional horizontal components of earthquake ground motion are also investigated using the 3-D FE model, and the response quantities are compared with the lumped-mass models. The results obtained from the 3-D FE model and lumped-mass model are in close agreement. The average percentage difference in the 3-D FE and lumped-mass models for maximum sloshing displacement prediction is 15 percent to 20 percent and that for the base shear is about 4 to 10 percent, in the case of the uni-directional harmonic ground motions. It is concluded that the sloshing displacement is not affected by the tank flexibility, but the impulsive hydrodynamic pressure and the impulsive component of the base shear increases with the tank flexibility.
Influence of Road Roughness Wavelengths on Bus Passengers' Oscillatory Comfort
Authors: Sekulic Dragan
Published: May 2020

This paper analyses the effect of the waviness parameter w on the oscillatory comfort of bus passengers for one road in good condition. The analysis is carried out by a validated nonlinear oscillatory 16 degrees of freedom (DOF) bus model defined in the software Matlab/Simulink and procedure from ISO 2631/1997 standard. The root-mean-square (RMS) values of the weighted vertical accelerations from the passengers' seats increase with the increase in the parameter w. On the other hand, the RMS values of the weighted vertical accelerations from bus floor decreased with the increase in the parameter w. The best oscillatory comfort has a passenger in the middle part of the bus, and the worst has a passenger in the rear part of the bus. The intensities of the vertical accelerations from the bus floor are mainly concentrated into two frequency ranges, 0÷2.5 Hz and 5÷10Hz. The passenger seats are dampened with vertical vibrations above 4~Hz. For the narrow range w=1.5÷2.3, nominal value of the waviness parameter (w=2) is sufficiently precise in assessment of the bus passengers' oscillatory comfort.
L’acide linoléique conjugué en nutrition porcine
Authors: CORINO C. , PASTORELLI G. , DOUARD V. , ROSSI R. , MUSELLA M. , MOUROT J.
Published: May 2020

Les CLA ont plusieurs effets biologiques intéressants vis-à-vis de la santé : ils ont une propriété anticarcinogène, une activité anti-athérosclérose et antioxydante. Ils diminuent l’obésité et apparaissent comme un facteur capable de stimuler la réponse immunitaire.
En nutrition porcine, l’influence sur les performances de croissance est limitée et on peut observer seulement un faible effet positif sur l’efficacité alimentaire. La composition corporelle et les paramètres de la qualité de la viande sont peu modifiés, l’adiposité apparaissant diminuée avec les CLA. La composition en acides gras (AG) du tissu adipeux et du muscle est modifiée par le traitement avec CLA : la teneur en AG saturés est augmentée et la teneur en AG monoinsaturés est diminuée. Les CLA sont retrouvés dans le muscle et dans le tissu adipeux des porcs en ayant ingéré. La quantité déposée dépend de la consommation journalière.
Les CLA ont un important effet immunomodulatoire. Chez la truie alimentée avec un régime contenant des CLA, on peut observer dans le colostrum une concentration très élevée en IgG, IgM et IgA avec un effet positif sur l’immunité passive des porcelets et sur leur croissance.
L’influence des CLA sur la composition en lipides du tissu adipeux peut être très importante d’un point de vue technologique pour le contenu plus élevé en acides gras saturés et d’un point de vue nutritionnel en raison de l’apport de CLA. De même l’effet immuno-modulatoire chez la truie pourra permettre de jouer un rôle intéressant vis-à-vis de l’immunité chez le porcelet.
ATELAGE : un modèle pour qualifier l’organisation du travail dans les exploitations d’élevage
Authors: MADELRIEUX S. , DEDIEU B. , DOBREMEZ L.
Published: May 2020

Nous proposons une modélisation de l’organisation du travail agricole pour produire des connaissances sur la façon dont des éleveurs mettent en relation les tâches agricoles à réaliser et les travailleurs du collectif, tout en tenant compte des impératifs liés à leurs autres activités économiques et à leurs choix de vie (congés…). En référence à l’Ingénierie des Connaissances et sur la base d’enquêtes réalisées dans 10 exploitations en Maurienne et de contributions d’experts, nous détaillons les éléments qui nous conduisent à une qualification de l’organisation du travail : définition des concepts ; (activité de travail, relations entre activités, formes d’organisation du travail, critères de qualification) et des étapes du raisonnement qui permettent de passer des pratiques de travail d’un éleveur à la qualification de l’organisation sur une année. Partant des concepts de la zootechnie et de l’ergonomie, le modèle s’appuie sur la caractérisation de formes d’organisation quotidienne du travail et sur leurs transformations au cours du temps. L’identification des facteurs, techniques et organisationnels, jouant sur ces modes d’organisation du travail permet d’en compléter notre compréhension.
Дискретно-динамическое моделирование государственного регулирования человеческого капитала
Authors: Каменев Георгий Кириллович , Kamenev Georgij Kirillovich , Каменев Иван Георгиевич , Kamenev Ivan Georgievich
Published: May 2020

Рассматривается многокритериальная задача оптимизации государственного регулирования качества человеческого капитала в информационном обществе. Описана дискретная динамическая модель человеческого капитала, учитывающая возрастную динамику информированности и когнитивных способностей индивида как носителя информации. На траекториях рассматриваются пожизненные индексы человеческого капитала: продуктивность и креативность, учитывающие первичный прирост качества человеческого капитала, и далее его спад в старшем возрасте. Задача государственного регулирования описывается как двухкритериальная максимизация популяционных математических ожиданий индексов для поколения с учетом не только естественного распределения индивидов по стартовым значениям, но и возможностей социализации в рамках управляемой государством системы образования. В основе идентификации модели лежит учет известных популяционных ограничений на фазовую трубку траекторий. Модель идентифицируется и исследуется методами, использующими аппроксимацию метрическими сетями Шеннона. Показано, что оптимальный выбор государством образовательных приоритетов зависит от параметров социума: возрастных коэффициентов смертности и бюджета времени, доступного для социализации невзрослого. Существуют сочетания параметров, приводящие к конфликту критериев регулирования, в этом случае решением является множество стратегий, оптимальных по Парето. В случае России существует доминирующее решение, предполагающее приоритетное развитие когнитивных способностей, а не информированности.
Studi Pengaruh Gaya Arsitektur Bangunan Terhadap Daya Tarik Kunjungan Wisata di Kota Lama Semarang
Authors: Purnomo Agus Heru , Sumaryoto S , Suparno S
Published: May 2020

Tourism is one of the creative industries that bring substantial benefit to the country, therefore it is necessary to explore and map new potential sources in the field for tourism. Most cities in Indonesia has the opportunity to be developed into a tourist city, this can be seen from several components that can be used as a tourist attraction of a city. The components that can be an attraction include: a city area that is historically area with unique architectural style. Urban tourism potential that can be used as a superior tourism product, it requires integration of related 4 (four) aspects: tourist attractions, transportation aspects,  and supporting facilities,  and institutional aspects. The city of Semarang is the capital of Central Java which has a number of objects and tourist attractions that are quite diverse, including: the Old City area of Semarang is an area of 31 hectares that has a number of ancient buildings of historical value with the style of Colonial Architecture. The old city area of Semarang, known as "Little Netherlands". is a conserved area and now being reorganized to be a world tourist destination. The purpose of this study was to conduct a study of the influence of architectural styles  on the attractiveness of tourist visits in the Old City area of Semarang. To be able to achieve the objectives of this study, the research method used is qualitative-rationalistic. The resulst of the study that the architectural style in the old city of Semarang is very influential on tourist attractions, especially those that have elements of classical European architecture, Renaissance, Baroq, and a blend of local elements, namely The Indisce Empire Style.      
Emerging pesticides responsible for suicide in rural Sri Lanka following the 2008-2014 pesticide bans
Authors: Weerasinghe Manjula , Pearson Melissa , Konradsen Flemming , Agampodi Suneth , Sumith J.A. , Jayamanne Shaluka , Senanayake S.M.H.M.K. , Rajapaksha Sandamali , Eddleston Michael
Published: May 2020

Background Sri Lanka has reduced its overall suicide rate by 70% over the last two decades through means restriction, through means restriction, through a series of government regulations and bans removing highly hazardous pesticides from agriculture. We aimed to identify the key pesticide(s) now responsible for suicides in rural Sri Lanka to provide data for further pesticide regulation.Methods We performed a secondary analysis of data collected prospectively during a cluster randomized controlled trial in the Anuradhapura district of Sri Lanka from 2011-16. The identity of pesticides responsible for suicides were sought from medical or judicial medical notes, coroners’ records, and the person’s family. Trend analysis was done using a regression analysis with curve estimation to identify relative importance of key pesticides. Results We identified 337 suicidal deaths. Among them, the majority 193 (57.3%) were due to ingestion of pesticides while 82 (24.3%) were due to hanging. A specific pesticide was identified in 105 (54.4%) of the pesticide suicides. Ingestion of carbosulfan or profenofos was responsible for 59 (56.2%) of the suicides with a known pesticide and 17.5% of all suicides. The increasing trend of suicides due to carbosulfan and profenofos over time was statistically significant (R square 0.846, F 16.541, p 0.027). Conclusion Ingestion of pesticides remains the most important means of suicides in rural Sri Lanka. The pesticides that were once responsible for most pesticide suicides have now been replaced by carbosulfan and profenofos. Their regulation and replacement in agriculture with less hazardous pesticides will further reduce the incidence of both pesticide and overall suicides in rural Sri Lanka.
Upregulation of miR-205 induces CHN1 expression, which is associated with the aggressive behaviour of cervical cancer cells and correlated with lymph node metastasis
Authors: liu jianbing , li yunfeng , chen xihua , xu xiangbo , zhao haoqi , wang shufang , hao jianqing , he bin , liu shuyan , wang jiedong
Published: May 2020

Background: Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. However, the mechanisms mediating the development and progression of cervical cancer are unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the roles of microRNAs and a1-chimaerin (CHN1) protein in cervical cancer progression. Methods: The expression of miR-205 and CHN1 protein was investigated by in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry. We predicted the target genes of miR-205 using software prediction and dual luciferase assays. The expression of mRNAs and proteins was tested by qRT-PCR and western blotting respectively. The ability of cell growth, migration and invasion was evaluated by CCK-8 and transwell. Cell apoptosis was analysed by flow cytometry analysis. Results: We found that miR-205 and CHN1 were highly expressed in human cervical cancer tissue compared with paired normal cervical tissues. The CHN1 gene was shown to be targeted by miR-205 in HeLa cells. Interestingly, transfection with miR-205 mimic upregulated CHN1 mRNA and protein, while miR-205 inhibitor downregulated CHN1 in high-risk and human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative human cervical cancer cells in vitro ,. These data suggested that miR-205 positively regulated the expression of CHN1. Furthermore, the miR-205 mimic promoted cell growth, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in high-risk and HPV-negative cervical cancer cells, while the miR-205 inhibitor blocked these biological processes. Knockdown of CHN1 obviously reduced the aggressive cellular behaviours induced by upregulation of miR-205 , suggesting that miR-205 positively regulated CHN1 to mediate these cell behaviours during the development of cervical cancer. Furthermore, CHN1 was correlated with lymph node metastasis in clinical specimens. Conclusions: Our findings showed that miR-205 positively regulated CHN1 to mediate cell growth, apoptosis, migration, and invasion during cervical cancer development, particularly for high-risk HPV-type cervical cancer. These findings suggested that dysregulation of miR-205 and subsequent abnormalities in CHN1 expression promoted the oncogenic potential of human cervical cancer .
A Global Health Capstone: An Innovative Educational Approach in a Competency-Based Curriculum for Medical Students
Authors: Chamberlain Stacey , Gonzalez Nicole , Dobiesz Valerie , Edison Marcia , Lin Janet , Weine Stevan
Published: May 2020

Background Global health educational programs for medical and public health professionals have grown substantially in recent years. The University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine (UICOM) began a global medicine (GMED) program for selected students in 2012 and has since graduated four classes. As part of the four-year curriculum, students complete a longitudinal global health capstone project. This paper describes the global health capstone project as an innovative educational tool within a competency-based curriculum.Methods The authors define and describe the longitudinal global health capstone including specific requirements, student deliverables, and examples of how the global health capstone may be used as part of a larger curriculum to teach the competency domains identified by the Consortium of Universities for Global Health. The authors also reviewed the final capstone projects for 35 graduates to describe characteristics of capstone projects completed.Results The global health capstone was developed as one educational tool within a broader global health curriculum for medical students. Of the 35 capstones, 26 projects involved original research (74%), and 25 involved international travel (71%). Nine projects led to a conference abstract/presentation (26%) while five led to a publication (14%). Twenty-one projects (60%) had subject matter-focused faculty mentorship. Conclusions A longitudinal global health capstone is a feasible tool to teach targeted global health competencies and can provide meaningful opportunities for research and career mentorship. Further refinement of the capstone process is needed to strengthen mentorship, and additional assessment methods are needed.
Assessment of malaria as a public health problem in and around Arjo Didhessa Sugar Cane Plantation area, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Dufera Mebrate , Dabsu Regea , Tiruneh Gemechu
Published: May 2020

Background: Although much progress has been made in reducing malaria morbidity and mortality worldwide in the last decade, nationally malaria remains the third leading cause of death and still considered a major public health problem. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess malaria as a public health problem in and around the sugar cane plantation area of Arjo Didhessa sugar factory, Western Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study supplemented with clinical retrospective data, which included 452 study subjects was recruited and the study period was extended from May 2016 up to November of 2017. A standardized questionnaire was used to assess malaria risk factors and blood samples were received from all study participants and further subjected to Giemsa staining for determination of malaria prevalence. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20. Malaria risk factors were identified by multivariate logistic regression at a significance level of P < 0.05.Results: The overall malaria prevalence was 3.1%; Plasmodium vivax is the main type of malaria parasite. Overnight outdoor sleeping and improper utilization of mosquito bed nets were found to be statistically significant as malaria risk factors in the community. In the retrospective studies of five years, the peak malaria cases (13.84%) were reported in 2013 and the lowest cases (1.24%) in 2017.Conclusions: The figure for malaria witnessed in this area remains higher than the observed national malaria prevalence indicating malaria remains a public health problem. Therefore, we suggest the factory administrators and health care professionals work more on raising awareness to avoid night outdoor sleeping and promote frequent and appropriate utilization of insecticide-treated nets in line with regular indoor residual spraying.
Functional expression of a novel methanol-stable esterase by Geobacillus subterraneus DSM13552 for biocatalytic synthesis of cinnamyl acetate in a solvent-free system
Authors: Cai Xianghai , Lin Lin , Shen Yaling , Wei Wei , Wei Dong-zhi
Published: May 2020

Background: Esterases are widely distributed in nature and have important applications in medical, industrial and physiological. Recently, the increased demand for flavor esters has prompted the search of catalysts like lipases and esterases. Esterases from thermophiles also show thermal stability at elevated temperatures and have become enzymes of special interest in biotechnological applications. Although most of esterases catalyzed reactions are carried out in toxic and inflammable organic solvents, the solvent-free system owning many advantages such as low cost and easy downstream processing. Results: The gene estGSU 753 from Geobacillus subterraneus DSM13552 was cloned, sequenced and overexpressed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The novel gene has an open reading frame of 753 bp and encodes 250-amino-acid esterase (EstGSU753). The sequence analysis showed that the protein contains a catalytic triad formed by Ser97, Asp196 and His226, and the Ser of the active site is located in the conserved motif Gly95-X-Ser97-X-Gly99 included in most esterases and lipases. The protein catalyzed the hydrolysis of p NP-esters of different acyl chain lengths, and the enzyme specific activity was 70 U/mg with the optimum substrate p NP-caprylate. The optimum pH and temperature of the recombinant enzyme were 8.0 and 60 °C respectively. The resulting EstGSU753 showed remarkable stability against methanol . After the incubation at 50% methanol for 9 days, EstGSU753 retained 50% of its original activity. Even incubation at 90% methanol for 35 h, EstGSU753 retained 50% of its original activity. Also, the preliminary study of the transesterification shows the potential value in synthesis of short-chain flavor esters in a solvent-free system, and more than 99% conversion was obtained in 6 h (substrate: cinnamyl alcohol, 1.0 M). Conclusions: This is the first report of esterase gene cloning from Geobacillus subterraneus with detailed enzymatic properties. This methanol-stable esterase showed potential value in industrial applications especially in the perfume industry.
Medication omission rates in New Zealand Residential Aged Care Homes: a national description
Authors: Garratt Stephanie M , Kerse Ngaire M , Peri Kathryn , Jonas Monique F
Published: May 2020

BackgroundA medication omission is an event where a prescribed medication is not taken before the next scheduled dose. Medication omissions are typically classed as errors within Residential Aged Care (RAC) homes, as they have the potential to lead to harm if poorly managed, but may also stem from good clinical decision-making. This study aimed to quantify the incidence, prevalence, and types of medication omissions in RAC homes on a national scale, using a New Zealand-based sample.MethodsWe conducted retrospective pharmaco-epidemiology of de-identified medication administration e-records from December 1st2016 to December 31st2017. Four tiers of de-identified data were collected: RAC home level data (ownership, levels of care), care staff level data (competency level/role), resident data (gender, age, level of care), and medication related data (omissions, categories of omissions, recorded reasons for omission). Data were analysed using SPSS version 24 and Microsoft Excel.ResultsA total of 11, 015 residents from 374 RAC homes had active medication charts; 8,020 resided in care over the entire sample timeframe. A mean rate of 3.59 medication doses were omitted per 100 (±7.4) dispensed doses/resident (s.d. 7.43). Seventy-three percent of residents had at least one dose omission. The most common omission category used was ‘not-administered’ (49.9%), followed by ‘refused’ (34.6%). The relationship between ownership type and mean rate of omission was significant (p=0.002), corporate operated RAC homes had a slightly higher mean (3.73 versus 3.33), with greater variation. The most commonly omitted medications were Analgesics and Laxatives. Forty-eight percent of all dose omissions were recorded without a comment justifying the omission.ConclusionsThis unique study is the first to report rate of medication omissions per RAC resident over a one-year timeframe. Although the proportion of medications omitted reported in this study is less than previously reported by hospital-based studies, there is a significant relationship between a resident’s level of care, RAC home ownership types, and the rate of omission.
Building collective power in citizen-led initiatives for health accountability in Guatemala: The role of networks
Authors: Hernandez Alison , Hurtig Anna-Karin , Goicolea Isabel , Sebastian Miguel San , Jerez Fernando , Hernandez-Rodriguez Francisco , Flores Walter
Published: May 2020

Background Citizen-led accountability initiatives are a critical strategy for redressing the causes of health inequalities and promoting better health system governance. A growing body of evidence points to the need for putting power relations at the forefront of understanding and operationalizing citizen-led accountability, rather than technical tools and best practices. In this study, we apply a network lens to the question of how initiatives build collective power to redress health system failures affecting marginalized communities in three municipalities in Guatemala. Methods Network mapping and interpretive discussions were used to examine relational qualities of citizen-led initiatives’ networks and explore the resources they offer for mobilizing action and influencing health accountability. Participants in the municipal-level initiatives responded to a social network analysis questionnaire focused on their ties of communication and collaboration with other initiative participants and their interactions with authorities regarding health system problems. Discussions with participants about the maps generated enriched our view of what the ties represented and their history of collective action and also provided space for planning action to strengthen their networks. Results Our findings indicate that network qualities like cohesiveness and centralization reflected the initiative participants’ agency in adapting to their sociopolitical context, and participants’ social positions were a key resource in providing connection to a broad base of support for mobilizing collective action to document health service deficiencies and advocate for solutions. Their legitimacy as “representatives of the people” enabled them to engage with authorities from a bolstered position of power, and their iterative interactions with authorities further contributed to develop their advocacy capabilities and resulted in accountability gains. Conclusions Our study provided evidence to counter the tendency to underestimate the assets and capabilities that marginalized citizens have for building power, and affirmed the idea that best-fit, with-the-grain approaches are well-suited for highly unequal settings characterized by weak governance. Efforts to support and understand change processes in citizen-led initiatives should include focus on adaptive network building to enable contextually-embedded approaches that leverage the collective power of the users of health services and grassroots leaders on the frontlines of accountability.
Evaluation of the Effect of The Mouth Gag Application on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter of Pediatric Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy or Adenotonsillectomy: Observational study
Authors: ALTIPARMAK Basak , Toker Melike Korkmaz , UYSAL Ali Ihsan , KOSEOGLU Sabri , Demirbilek Semra Gumus
Published: May 2020

Background A mouth gag is usually used during tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy surgeries, cleft palate repair, obstructive sleep apnea surgery and intraoral tumor excision. The placement of the gag causes hemodynamic changes similar to laryngoscopy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the mouth gag placement on optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) of pediatric patients. The secondary aim is to assess the relationship between neck extension for positioning of head and increase in ONSD measurement. Methods The trial is registered to Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry with Trial ID: ACTRN12618000551291. This prospective, observational study was performed in a tertiary university hospital operating theatre between 01.05.2018-01.07.2018. Thirty-five children aged < 18 years, with ASA I status, and scheduled for tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy surgeries were prospectively included in the study. Measurements of ONSD were performed (T0) after induction of anesthesia, (T1) after endotracheal intubation, (T2) after placement of the mouth gag and (T3) 20 minutes after the placement of the mouth gag. The degree of neck extension was assessed by the angle between the Frankfort plane and horizontal plane of the operation table in natural position Results All participants completed the study. There were significant differences in ONSD values according to time (p < 0.001). The maximum increase in ONSD values was detected after intubation (0.69±0.06 mm) and immediately after the mouth gag placement (0.67±0.07 mm). ONSD values continued to increase 20 minutes after the gag placement. There was no relation between degree of neck extension and ONSD values (β = 0.63, p=0.715) Conclusions The application of a mouth gag causes significant increases in ONSD measurements of children. Therefore, the duration of the mouth gag application during surgeries might be limited.
The etiology and prognosis of canalicular laceration repair using canalicular anastomosis combined with bicanalicular stent intubation
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Qin Xiuhong , Ji Jiali , Lu Yang , Xu Li , Guo Tao , Xiao Caiwen , Zhang Zhenzhen
Published: May 2020

Background: To evaluate the etiology of lacrimal canalicular laceration and explore possible risk factors influencing prognosis.Methods: A total of 142 patients (142 eyes) with lacrimal canalicular lacerations were reviewed and surgically repaired using canalicular anastomosis combined with bicanalicular stent intubation between March 2017 and March 2018. The analyzed data contained demographic information, types of trauma, injury location, associated additional ocular injuries and surgerical outcomes at follow-up. The main outcome measures were anatomic success rate, functional success rate, and complications of surgery.Results: The mean patient age was 42.07 years(ranging from 1-75 years) and 112 (78.87%) were men. Upper and lower canalicular lacerations were found in 14 (9.86%) and 112 (78.87%)patients, respectively, and both canalicular lacerations were found in 16 patients (11.27%). Electric bike accidents were the leading cause of injury with 76(53.52%)patients. There were 100 (70.42%)patients who had lid lacerations without tarsal plate fracture and 42 (29.58%)patients who had lid lacerations with tarsal plate fracture. Anatomic success rate was 98.59%, and functional success rate was 83.8%. Functional reconstruction failure rates were higher in patients with indirect injuries, lid lacerations with tarsal plate fracture, and with punctum splitting(P<0.05). Surgical complications were detected in the form of lacrimal punctum ectropion in 3(2.11%)patients, punctum splitting in 2(1.41%)patients, stent extrusion and loss in 2(1.41%)patients. Conclusions: Electric bike accidents have become the leading cause of injury instead of the motor vehicle accidents because of changes in lifestyle. The indirect injuries, lid lacerations with tarsal plate fracture and with punctum splitting, were significantly more likely to lead to a poor prognosis, as comfirmed by the lower functional success rate of surgery.
The predictive value of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in the prognosis of acute coronary syndrome patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Quan Xiao-Qing , Wang Run-Chang , Zhang Qing , Zhang Cun-Tai , Sun Lei
Published: May 2020

Background: The association between the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is not fully understood. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation between LMR and mortality or major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with ACS. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of science. The association between LMR and mortality or MACE was analyzed in patients with ACS. The search was updated to April 15, 2020. Results: A total of 5 studies comprising 4343 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that lower LMR predicted short-term mortality/MACE (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46–8.14, P < 0.05) and higher long-term mortality/MACE (HR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.36– 2.13, P < 0.05). According to our subgroup analysis, there is still has a statistical significance for LMR to predict long-term mortality/MACE in any subgroups. Conclusions: This study suggested that lower LMR value might be associated with higher short-term mortality/MACE and long-term mortality/MACE in ACS patients. Especially for younger ACS patients, low LMR was more closely associated with poor prognosis.
A Multivariate Multilevel Analysis of the Risk Factors Associated with Anthropometric Indices in Iranian mid-adolescents
Authors: Alamolhoda Marzieh , Heydari Seyyed Taghi , Ayatollahi Seyyed Mohammad Taghi , Tabrizi Reza , Akbari Maryam , Ardalan Arash
Published: May 2020

Background: The present study was conducted to jointly assess some specific factors related to body fat measures using a multivariate multilevel analysis in a representative sample of Iranian mid-adolescents. Methods: This study was conducted among 2538 students (1286 boys) aged 14 - 20 years old, who were randomly selected among 16 public high schools by multi-stage random sampling procedure from all education districts of Shiraz, Iran. Data on demographic characteristics, family history of obesity, physical activity, socio-economic (SES) variables and screen time were collected. Height, weight, triceps (TST), abdominal (AST), and subscapular (SST) skinfold thickness were measured and their body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A multivariate multilevel approach was used to analyze the factors associated with obesity measures of the TST, AST, SST at the child and district levels. Results: In this study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated to be 10.2 and 5.1%, respectively. Overall, the major portion of the total variance in TST (97.1%), AST (97.7%), and SST (97.5%) was found at the child level. The results of multivariate multilevel method revealed that being girls, having a family history of obesity, and SES were significantly associated with increasing of three body fat measures (all the p-values were less than 0.05). There were significant positive associations between moderate to vigorous physical activities with AST and SST (for AST: β =2.54, SE=1.40, p=0.05; for SST: β =2.24, SE=1.20, p=0.05). Compared to children in 14-16 age group, children in age group 16-18 years had less TST (β =-0.67, SE=0.34, p=0.04). Furthermore, other age groups and screen time did not play an important role in three outcome variables. Conclusions: The results showed some factors that contribute to three body fat measures. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective interventions to prevent the effects of individual and environmental undesirable factors on childhood obesity in both family and community levels.