bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of climate change on surface and groundwater resources using WEAP-MODFLOW models
Authors: Sheikha-BagemGhaleh Simin , Babazadeh Hossein , Rezaie Hossein , Sarai-Tabrizi Mahdi
Published: May 2023

In addressing management scenarios and climate changes, it is necessary to consider surface water and groundwater resources as an integrated system. In this context, the present research first simulates and evaluates surface water and groundwater simultaneously; then, it examines the possible effects of climate change on these water resources in the study area (Mahabad, Northwest of Iran). In the first stage, the WEAP-MODFLOW model was applied to a 10-year period (2006–2015) in order to take into account the interactions between surface water and groundwater and calibrate the amount of recharge and drainage from the aquifer. In the second stage, in order to study the effect of climate change on surface water and groundwater resources, we compared the micro-scale model outputs under the RCP4.5 scenario for different climate change models in the period 2021–2045. The results show that root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) scores are equal to 0.89 and 0.79 in unsteady conditions, respectively, which confirm the efficient performance of groundwater simulation. In addition, the results of the WEAP model based on MARE assessment criteria for calibration and validation modes are equal to 0.54 and 54.0, respectively. This finding provides evidence for the efficient performance of the simulation model. Once the interactions between groundwater and surface water were specified, the results R2 and NS suggested that indices were equal to 0.62 and 0.59, respectively, for Mahabad hydrometric station. The efficient performance of the proposed model for runoff simulation was therefore confirmed. Owing to climate change in the study period, groundwater decreased by about 1.6–1.9 m. Moreover, the amount of runoff declined from 0.1 to 0.001 MCM/month in all months except December. Unless appropriate decisions are taken to improve groundwater and strategies are applied to reduce the effect of climate change, under the present conditions this region will suffer irreparable damages in the future.
Evaluating climatic change effects on EC and runoff in the near future (2020–2059) and far future (2060–2099) in arid and semi-arid watersheds
Authors: Adib Arash , Haidari Babak , Lotfirad Morteza , Sasani Hossein
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the effect of climate change on the runoff and electrical conductivity (EC) of the Marun watershed. It used 35 general circulation models (GCMs) and the identification of unit hydrographs and component flows from rainfall, evaporation and streamflow data (IHACRES) rainfall-runoff model for the hydrological simulation. Moreover, a non-parametric regression model based on the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) was utilized to estimate the EC under representative concentration pathway RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios in the near future F1 (2020–2059) and far future F2 (2060–2099) periods. Also, it used the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method to determine the best GCMs for each region and the k-nearest neighbors (KNN) technique to combine the temperature (Tmean) and precipitation (PCP) outputs and reduce the GCM uncertainty in each cell. According to the results, the highest increase of EC relative to the historical period (1966–2005) that will occur in the F1 period under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios is 17.43% and 15.6%, and for the F2 period is 18.46% and 11.2%, respectively, during autumn. The changes of annual Tmean, PCP, runoff, and EC in F1 period are 8.6%, 2.1%,  − 10.7%, and  − 11%, respectively, under the RCP4.5 scenario and 10.5%, 5.9%,  − 3.5%, and  − 12.2%, respectively, under the RCP8.5 scenario. The same values for the F2 period are 12.9%,  − 0.1%,  − 14.9%, and  − 10%, respectively, under the RCP4.5 scenario and 22.6%, 5.2%, 1.2%, and  − 12.8%, respectively, under the RCP8.5 scenario relative to the historical period.
Spatio-temporal evaluation of trace element contamination using multivariate statistical techniques and health risk assessment in groundwater, Khulais, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khan Mohd Yawar Ali , ElKashouty Mohamed , Khan Nazia , Subyani Ali Mohammad , Tian Fuqiang
Published: May 2023

Groundwater is the only freshwater source for agriculture and domestic use in the Khulais region of Saudi Arabia (SA). Anthropogenic activities, particularly agricultural runoff and lithogenic sources cause groundwater contamination, posing health risks to all generations (infant, child, and adult) via ingestion, dermal, and inhalation exposure routes. The configuration of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health concerns posed by contaminated water is, thus, a time-sensitive requirement. This study uses multivariate statistical techniques to assess health risks and to identify health impacts and pollution sources. Sampling of groundwater at nineteen sampling sites was carried out in two seasons (winter and summer) of 2021. The samples were analyzed for major ions and toxic metals. Results show that the average hazard quotient (HQ) and health hazard index (HHI) in infants was higher than 1 for most of toxic metal in both the seasons. The health risks associated with ingestion were significantly higher than those associated with the dermal and inhalation pathways. The aquifer’s carcinogenic risk ranged from high to extremely high in terms of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) concentrations. The estimated health risk values may have a negative impact on people’s health, which suggests that active aquifer management should be implemented. Multivariate statistical analyses were accomplished to determine the primary contamination sources in the aquifer system. The total dissolved solid (TDS) correlated strongly among chloride (Cl−), sulphate (SO42−), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), iron (Fe), strontium (Sr), fluoride (F−) and bromide (Br−), which caused by seawater intrusion within winter and summer seasons. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) identifies two clusters and one independent case within the summer and winter seasons. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant variations in the concentrations of Mg2+, Aluminum (Al), Cobalt (Co), Cr, Ni, and Pb in winter, while TDS, electrical conductivity (EC), Cl−, SO42−, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr, F− and Br− in summer. This research demonstrates that aquifer cleanup and management protocols should be implemented, encouraged, and maintained. Applying the best hygienic practices and pre-clean-up of polluted groundwater is recommended before application for different purposes.
Pediatric endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment (PEPSiT): report of a multicentric national study on 294 patients
Authors: Esposito Ciro , Leva Ernesto , Gamba Piergiorgio , Sgrò Alberto , Ferrentino Umberto , Papparella Alfonso , Chiarenza Fabio , Bleve Cosimo , Mendoza-Sagaon Mario , Montaruli Ernesto , Escolino Maria
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to report a multicentric national experience about the outcomes of pediatric endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment (PEPSiT). The medical records of all pediatric patients, aged up to 18 years, who underwent PEPSiT in the period 2019–2021, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients’ demographics, operative details, and post-operative outcomes were assessed. A total of 294 patients (182 boys), with median age of 14 years (range 10–18), receiving PEPSiT in the study period, were enrolled. Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) was primary in 258 (87.8%) and recurrent in 36 (12.2%). The median operative time was 36 min (range 11–120). The median VAS pain score was 0.86 (range 0–3) and the median duration of analgesic use was 27 h (range 12–60). The overall success rate was 95.2% (280/294) and the median time to full healing was 23.4 days (range 19–50). Six/294 (2.0%) patients developed Clavien 2 post-operative complications. The recurrence rate was 4.8% (14/294) and all recurrences were re-operated using PEPSiT. Redo-surgery for wound debridement was performed in one (0.3%) patient with late healing. On multivariate analysis, hirsutism and typology of sinus (pits ≥ 2, paramedian and more proximal to the anus) were predictors of PSD recurrence (p = 0.001). To date, this is the largest series of PEPSiT published in the pediatric population. The outcomes reported after a 3 years experience confirm that PEPSiT is a safe, effective, and real minimally invasive procedure to treat adolescents with PSD. It provides patients quick and painless recovery, satisfactory success, and high quality of life.

Graphical abstract
Hochschild cohomology of symmetric groups and generating functions, II
Authors: Benson David , Kessar Radha , Linckelmann Markus
Published: May 2023

We relate the generating functions of the dimensions of the Hochschild cohomology in any fixed degree of the symmetric groups with those of blocks of the symmetric groups. We show that the first Hochschild cohomology of a positive defect block of a symmetric group is nonzero, answering in the affirmative a question of the third author. To do this, we prove a formula expressing the dimension of degree one Hochschild cohomology as a sum of dimensions of centres of blocks of smaller symmetric groups. This in turn is a consequence of a general formula that makes more precise a theorem of our previous paper describing the generating functions for the dimensions of Hochschild cohomology of symmetric groups.
Framing climate change in Nature and Science editorials: applications of supervised and unsupervised text categorization
Authors: Stede Manfred , Bracke Yannic , Borec Luka , Kinkel Neele Charlotte , Skeppstedt Maria
Published: May 2023

Hulme et al. (Nat Clim Change, 8:515–521, 2018) manually coded ‘frames’ in 490NatureandScienceeditorials (1966–2016) they found relevant for climate change. We produced a digital version of the corpus and conducted a set of experiments: We explored many variants of supervised categorization for automatically reproducing the manual frame coding, and we ran an interactive variant of topic modeling. In both approaches, we made use of word embedding techniques for representing text documents. Supervised classification yielded F1-scores of up to 0.91 (for the best category) and 0.68 overall, and it led to insights regarding the relation between ‘topic’ and ‘framing’. The topic modeling algorithm was able to reproduce central trends in the temporal analysis of framing that was presented by Hulme et al. based on their manual work.
A Study of Chinese News Headline Classification Based on Keyword Feature Expansion
Authors: Miao Kai , He Xin , Yu Junyang , Wang Guanghui , Chen Yongchao
Published: May 2023

Existing work generally classifies news headlines as a matter of short text classification. However, due to the strong domain nature and limited text length of news headlines, their classification results are usually determined by several specific keywords, which makes the traditional short text classification method ineffective. In this paper, we propose a new method to identify keywords in news headlines and expand their features from sentence level and word level respectively, and finally use convolutional neural networks (CNN) to extract and classify their features. The proposed model was tested on the Sogou News Corpus dataset and achieved 93.42$$\%$$
%
accuracy.
Risk factors of postoperative intensive care unit admission during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: de Bock Ellen , Filipe Mando D. , Herman Eline S. , Pronk Apollo , Boerma Djamila , Heikens Joost T. , Verheijen Paul M. , Vriens Menno R. , Richir Milan C.
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background

During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, intensive care unit (ICU) capacity was scarce. Since surgical patients also require ICU admission, determining which factors lead to an increased risk of postoperative ICU admission is essential. This study aims to determine which factors led to an increased risk of unplanned postoperative ICU admission during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This multicentre retrospective cohort study investigated all patients who underwent surgery between 9 March 2020 and 30 June 2020. The primary endpoint was the number of surgical patients requiring postoperative ICU admission. The secondary endpoint was to determine factors leading to an increased risk of unplanned postoperative ICU admission, calculated by multivariate analysis with odds ratios (OR’s) and 95% confidence (CI) intervals.

Results

One hundred eighty-five (4.6%) of the 4051 included patients required unplanned postoperative ICU admission. COVID-19 positive patients were at an increased risk of being admitted to the ICU compared to COVID-19 negative (OR 3.14; 95% CI 1.06–9.33; p = 0.040) and untested patients (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.32–0.70; p = 0.001). Other predictors were male gender (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.02–1.82; p = 0.046), body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.02–1.08; p = 0.001), surgical urgency and surgical discipline.

Conclusion

A confirmed COVID-19 infection, male gender, elevated BMI, surgical urgency, and surgical discipline were independent factors for an increased risk of unplanned postoperative ICU admission. In the event of similar pandemics, postponing surgery in patients with an increased risk of postoperative ICU admission may be considered.

Highlights
Critical Care Compendium
Authors: Cade J. F.
Published: May 2023

Uncommon clinical problems can present serious challenges in any medical specialty, particularly in those areas providing acute care. Bringing together all uncommon problems relevant to the treatment of seriously ill patients in a quick one-stop reference, this book is an easy-to-use and practical reference for the clinician at any level faced with an uncommon acute medical problem at the bedside. Using a popular A-Z format, over 1000 entries reflect the current breadth of the specialty's extension to hospital-wide issues of acute care. Each topic contains both essential diagnostic and treatment information and discusses the implications for intensive care management. Extensive cross-referencing throughout aids rapid access to key information and the use of cartoons enhances learning. The book offers a source of reference for the many issues so often overlooked in major textbooks, which can be difficult not only to locate elsewhere but also for experienced clinicians to remember in detail. An invaluable resource within a single volume for intensivists, anaesthetists, emergency specialists, and a wide range of other healthcare professionals.
A Companion to Latin American Film
Authors: Hart Stephen M.
Published: May 2023

A history of Latin American cinema, with detailed analysis of the twenty-five best films.
Lope Pintado por sí Mismo
Authors: Sánchez Jiménez Antonio
Published: May 2023

Un análisis de la obra poética de Lope de Vega revela cómo amoldó su propio personaje 'Lope' para adecuarse, generalmente con éxito, a los cambios de su entorno.
The Poetry of Salvador Espriu
Authors: Walters D. Gareth
Published: May 2023

The first book-length study in English of the poetry of Salvador Espriu (1913-85).
Animal welfare efforts and farm economic outcomes: Evidence from Swedish beef production
Authors: Ahmed Haseeb , Emanuelson Ulf , Alvåsen Karin , Berg Charlotte , Hultgren Jan , Rocklinsberg Helena , Hansson Helena
Published: May 2023

We estimate the relationship between farm animal welfare (FAW) efforts taken by beef farmers and the economic performance of beef farms by using farm accounting data from the Swedish Farm Economic Survey matched with survey data on farm management practices. To this end, we perform a two-step analysis. First, an item response theory (IRT) model estimates the latent FAW effort on farms. FAW effort likely depends on a host of complementary FAW-improving strategies, and the IRT model combines the considered strategies into a unidimensional scale. We take this to represent on-farm FAW effort. Second, we use instrumental variable regressions to estimate the relationship between FAW effort and multiple measures of farm economic performance. We find that higher FAW effort scores have no effect on margins and costs. However, higher FAW effort scores are associated with lower farm sales. Findings suggest that policies (such as targeted label for high FAW) that increase farm revenue as well as incentivize the uptake of FAW-improvement practices may be able to compensate farmers for their FAW effort.
Change at 85 degrees south: Shackleton Glacier region proglacial lakes from 1960 to 2020
Authors: Diaz Melisa A. , Gardner Christopher B. , Elliot David H. , Adams Byron J. , Lyons W. Berry
Published: May 2023

Over the last two decades, anomalous warming events have been observed in coastal Antarctic regions. While these events have been documented in the Ross Sea sector, the Antarctic interior is believed to have been buffered from warming. In this work, we present data from lakes located near Mt. Heekin and Thanksgiving Valley (~85° S) along the Shackleton Glacier, which are believed to be the southern-most Antarctic dry valley lakes. In 2018, the lakes were characterized, repeat satellite images were examined, and lake water chemistry was measured. Our analysis shows that lake areas recently increased, and the water-soluble ion chemistry indicates a flushing of salts from periglacial soils, likely from increased glacial melt as illustrated by water isotope data. Our results show that high southern latitude ice-free areas have likely been affected by warm pulses over the past 60 years and these pulses may be quasi-synchronous throughout the Transantarctic Mountains.
Uses of the novelty metrics proposed by Shah et al.: what emerges from the literature?
Authors: Fiorineschi Lorenzo , Rotini Federico
Published: May 2023

Several concepts and types of procedures for assessing novelty and related concepts exist in the literature. Among them, the two approaches originally proposed by Shah and colleagues are often considered by scholars. These metrics rely on well-defined novelty types and a specific concept of novelty; however, more than 20 years after the first publication, it is still not clear whether and to what extent these metrics are actually used, why they are used and how. Through a comprehensive review of the papers citing the main work of Shah, Vargas-Hernandez & Smith (2003a, 2003b) (the main study where the metrics are comprehensively described and applied), the present work aims to bridge this gap. The results highlight that only a few of the citing papers actually use the assessment approach proposed by Shah et al. and that a nonnegligible number uses a modified or adapted version of the original metrics. Furthermore, several criticalities in the application of the metrics have been uncovered, which are expected to provide relevant information for scholars involved in reliable and repeatable novelty assessments.
Uncovering Financial Constraints
Authors: Linn Matthew , Weagley Daniel
Published: May 2023

We use a random forest model to classify firms’ financial constraints using only financial variables. Our methodology expands the range of classified firms compared to text-based measures while maintaining similar levels of informativeness. We construct two versions of our constraint measures, one using many firm characteristics and the other using a small set of more primitive characteristics. Using our measures, we find that institutional investors hold a lower percentage of shares in equity-focused constrained firms, while retail investors show a preference for them. Equity issuance and investment of constrained firms also increases during periods of high investor sentiment.
The eropolitical compound: immanence, transcendence and a parasitic operation of patriarchy in Sanskrit literature
Authors: Austin Christopher R.
Published: May 2023

This paper examines a pattern in Sanskrit literature, labelled for convenience the “eropolitical compound”. This is a formula whereby a male protagonist's claiming of a feminine figure is made instrumental to, or tied indissociably with, a political victory or reclamation of control over a public domain. This paper first reviews a number of examples of the motif in well-known works of drama, poetry, and eulogistic inscriptions largely of the fourth–seventh centuriesce, setting these against the particular historical and social contexts in which they occur. In a second step, the motif is identified at work in other genre and historic contexts of Sanskrit tradition, suggesting thereby that the figure also requires treatment at a broader level of analysis. The paper's third and final step is to adopt from Simone de Beauvoir the constructs of immanence, transcendence, and the woman as Other, in order to argue that the eropolitical compound is indeed a kind of formula or persisting theme that cuts across multiple historic and genre contexts, and that it should be seen as a normative construct reflecting and enacting a common strategy of patriarchal cultures.
Verdi's Emperor Charles V: Risorgimento Politics, Habsburg History, and Austrian-Italian Operatic Culture
Authors: Wolff Larry
Published: May 2023

This article considers the figure of Habsburg Emperor Charles V in relation to Italy, first as perceived by Italians in his own time, the sixteenth century, but then especially as evaluated by Italians of the Risorgimento—and notably by Verdi in his operatic work. The article emphasizes opera as a crucial cultural medium of Habsburg engagement with the Italian peninsula and of Italian culture within the Habsburg monarchy. Contemporary Italian evaluations of Charles's role in the domination of Italy were both regretful of his military interventions (including the sack of Rome in 1527) and respectful of his political skills. During the Risorgimento, the conventional Mazzinian perspective was deeply hostile to the Habsburgs and conditioned the wars of Italian unification against the Habsburg monarchy. Italian opera, however, especially Rossini'sGuillaume Tell(1829), Verdi'sErnani(1844), and Verdi'sDon Carlos(1867) indicate a complex operatic perspective on the Habsburgs in Risorgimento culture. While the Austrian Habsburg representative Gessler is the villain in Rossini'sGuillaume Tell, Verdi'sErnaniactually places Charles V on stage in a major baritone role with beautiful music and an ambivalent presence. InDon Carlos, the ghost of Charles V hovers over and haunts the whole opera.
Proposing and piloting a criterion- and standard-based assessment framework in teaching Cantonese operatic singing in Guangdong, China
Authors: Luo Yue , Leung Bo-Wah
Published: May 2023

Teaching traditional art forms in schools and the community has proven an effective way of ensuring the transmission of traditional culture. But due to the lack of valid and normative assessment guidance, the assessments of Cantonese operatic singing are still developing, impairing the instructiveness in its teaching and learning and restraining the education and development of this traditional genre within contemporary society. Accordingly, to guide the design of a holistic assessment, the revised Bloom’s taxonomy was adopted to form a theoretical framework from which a criterion- and standard-based assessment framework with four domains has been proposed. Four teachers and 24 students of Cantonese opera institutions in Guangdong, China, were invited to pilot the assessment framework. Afterwards, semi-structured interviews were conducted from which two research questions were answered satisfactorily: 1) proposing a criteria- and standard-based assessment framework is necessary, for the traditional assessment practice is weak in guiding teaching and learning and 2) positive feedback supported the proposed assessment framework facilitates the teaching and learning of Cantonese operatic singing.
Who Saw Her Die? Unfixing the Danse sacrale in Le Sacre du printemps
Authors: Nicholls Mark
Published: May 2023

This article focuses on the last moments of Le Sacre du printemps, which opened in Paris on 29 May 1913 at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées. Concentrating on the discourse of the creative practice that brought these moments into being, it seeks to add to our understanding of Le Sacre from the evidence of those most intimately involved with this first production. Analysis of Le Sacre demonstrates the equal viability of a great variety of readings of the work. Such readings are enabled by analysis, which regards any aspect of a creative work and its best interpretation as happily unfixed and unstable. It has sometimes been accepted that the job of critics and theorists is to fix interpretations of creative works and to demonstrate conveniently closed theses about them. Creative artists are not always willing to join their critical colleagues. This was certainly the case with Le Sacre. By reading the final seven seconds of its Danse sacrale through the accounts of the work’s primary creators – composer Igor Stravinsky, designer Nicholas Roerich, and their creative intimates – this article highlights an engrossing instability of intention and interpretation. It questions the idea that Le Sacre is a sacrificial ritual in the light of how Stravinsky himself considered his work in terms of coronation and consecration.
The Rock Musical: From Creation to Curation (2015–2020)
Authors: Wheeler Duncan
Published: May 2023

In a post-#Me-Too/Black Lives Matter landscape, the gender- and race-politics of the Golden Age of rock have increasingly come under interrogation. Hip-hop challenging rock’s long-standing hegemony constitutes a sociological as well as a musical shift, with a production such as Andrew Lloyd Webber’s School of Rock (2015) perhaps seeming hopelessly old-fashioned in comparison with Lin-Manuel Miranda’s Hamilton from the same year. This article’s close and contextualized readings of four post-Hamilton jukebox rock musicals debate two principal issues. First, the extent to which the jukebox musical is fit for purpose: creative enough to repurpose rock’s cultural patrimony for an enriching night in the theatre. Second, how and why the curation practices of the rock musical reproduce or challenge the intersectional vectors of gendered and racial oppression, which render the genre problematic.
Epidemiology of Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis in the primary health care setting in the Netherlands
Authors: Yusuf Erlangga , Mertens Kelly , van Lisdonk Nico , Houwen Cindy , Thai Khoa T. D.
Published: May 2023

The aim of this paper is to describe the prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis in patients who visited general practitioners in the Netherlands. Additionally, we describe the prevalence of M. genitalium resistance to azithromycin and moxifloxacin. We used data from 7,411 consecutive female patients who were screened for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, M. genitalium, and T. vaginalis and data from 5,732 consecutive male patients screened for C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, and M. genitalium. The prevalence of M. genitalium and T. vaginalis in female patients was 6.7% (95% CI: 6.2 to 7.4) and 1.9% (95%CI: 1.6 to 2.2%), respectively. M. genitalium prevalence in male patients was 3.7% (3.3 to 4.3). M. genitalium co-occurred with C. trachomatis in 1.4% (0.3 to 0.6%) of female and in 0.7% (0.5 to 0.9) of male patients. Macrolide resistance gene mutations and fluoroquinolone resistance gene mutations were detected in 73.8% and 9.9%, respectively. We concluded that M.genitalium is relatively infrequently found in a large general practitioner population in the Netherlands. It can co-occur with C. trachomatis, and is often resistant to azithromycin. Therefore, when treating sexually transmitted infections, these prevalence and resistance data should be taken into account.
Extended symmetry analysis of remarkable (1+2)-dimensional Fokker–Planck equation
Authors: Koval Serhii D. , Bihlo Alexander , Popovych Roman O.
Published: May 2023

We carry out the extended symmetry analysis of an ultraparabolic Fokker–Planck equation with three independent variables, which is also called the Kolmogorov equation and is singled out within the class of such Fokker–Planck equations by its remarkable symmetry properties. In particular, its essential Lie invariance algebra is eight-dimensional, which is the maximum dimension within the above class. We compute the complete point symmetry pseudogroup of the Fokker–Planck equation using the direct method, analyse its structure and single out its essential subgroup. After listing inequivalent one- and two-dimensional subalgebras of the essential and maximal Lie invariance algebras of this equation, we exhaustively classify its Lie reductions, carry out its peculiar generalised reductions and relate the latter reductions to generating solutions with iterative action of Lie-symmetry operators. As a result, we construct wide families of exact solutions of the Fokker–Planck equation, in particular, those parameterised by an arbitrary finite number of arbitrary solutions of the (1+1)-dimensional linear heat equation. We also establish the point similarity of the Fokker–Planck equation to the (1+2)-dimensional Kramers equations whose essential Lie invariance algebras are eight-dimensional, which allows us to find wide families of exact solutions of these Kramers equations in an easy way.
SAN-T2T: An automated table-to-text generator based on selective attention network
Authors: Ding Haijie , Xu Xiaolong
Published: May 2023

Table-to-text generation aims to generate descriptions for structured data (i.e., tables) and has been applied in many fields like question-answering systems and search engines. Current approaches mostly use neural language models to learn alignment between output and input based on the attention mechanisms, which are still flawed by the gradual weakening of attention when processing long texts and the inability to utilize the records’ structural information. To solve these problems, we propose a novel generative model SAN-T2T, which consists of a field-content selective encoder and a descriptive decoder, connected with a selective attention network. In the encoding phase, the table’s structure is integrated into its field representation, and a content selector with self-aligned gates is applied to take advantage of the fact that different records can determine each other’s importance. In the decoding phase, the content selector’s semantic information enhances the alignment between description and records, and a featured copy mechanism is applied to solve the rare word problem. Experiments on WikiBio and WeatherGov datasets show that SAN-T2T outperforms the baselines by a large margin, and the content selector indeed improves the model’s performance.
Processes of the circulation of Chinese wares in the Middle East during the Abbasid-Chinese ceramic exchange, eighth–tenth centuries ce
Authors: Wen Wen
Published: May 2023

This article examines the different mechanisms of the circulation of Chinese ceramics in the Middle East during the Abbasid-Chinese ceramic exchange during the eighth–tenth centuries ce. Although trade has been used conveniently to denote the circulation of Chinese wares in the Abbasid Caliphate, it is not the only mechanism that existed. There were also other possible processes of circulation, such as ceramics sent as tributes, diplomatic gifts, and samples, and secondary distribution through looting and pilgrimage. Not all Chinese wares shipped to the Middle East were luxury goods. Different types of Chinese wares had different functions and commercial and aesthetic values in the Middle East. It is an oversimplification to describe the circulation of Chinese wares in the Middle East as merely the result of the luxury goods trade.
US public opinion on cross-strait relations: the effect of China threat on the China–Taiwan tension
Authors: Pan Hsin-Hsin
Published: May 2023

This paper examines US public opinion after the drastic changes in US–China relations during the Trump presidency. I argue that the perceived China threat influences Americans' evaluation of the China–Taiwan tension. Based on the US dataset of the 2018 Survey on Global Attitudes and Trends by the Pew Research Center, Americans tend to perceive the China–Taiwan tension as a serious problem for the USA when Americans identify China as a major threat and its military strength as a concern. As US public opinion shapes the US foreign policy on China, the findings shed light on the public support for the ongoing US–China conflict.
Package AdvEMDpy: Algorithmic variations of empirical mode decomposition in Python
Authors: van Jaarsveldt Cole , Ames Matthew , Peters Gareth W. , Chantler Mike
Published: May 2023

This work presents a
$\textsf{Python}$
EMD package named AdvEMDpy that is both more flexible and generalises existing empirical mode decomposition (EMD) packages in
$\textsf{Python}$
,
$\textsf{R}$
, and
$\textsf{MATLAB}$
. It is aimed specifically for use by the insurance and financial risk communities, for applications such as return modelling, claims modelling, and life insurance applications with a particular focus on mortality modelling. AdvEMDpy both expands upon the EMD options and methods available, and improves their statistical robustness and efficiency, providing a robust, usable, and reliable toolbox. Unlike many EMD packages, AdvEMDpy allows customisation by the user, to ensure that a broader class of linear, non-linear, and non-stationary time series analyses can be performed. The intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) extracted using EMD contain complex multi-frequency structures which warrant maximum algorithmic customisation for effective analysis. A major contribution of this package is the intensive treatment of the EMD edge effect which is the most ubiquitous problem in EMD and time series analysis. Various EMD techniques, of varying intricacy from numerous works, have been developed, refined, and, for the first time, compiled in AdvEMDpy. In addition to the EMD edge effect, numerous pre-processing, post-processing, detrended fluctuation analysis (localised trend estimation) techniques, stopping criteria, spline methods, discrete-time Hilbert transforms (DTHT), knot point optimisations, and other algorithmic variations have been incorporated and presented to the users of AdvEMDpy. This paper and the supplementary materials provide several real-world actuarial applications of this package for the user’s benefit.
28 GHz over-the-air measurement using an OTFS multi-user distributed MIMO under Doppler effect
Authors: Tawa Noriaki , Kuwabara Toshihide , Maruta Yasushi , Kaneko Tomoya
Published: May 2023

This paper describes the experimental investigation of orthogonal time-frequency space (OTFS) modulation using a 28 GHz multi-user distributed multiple-input multiple-output (D-MIMO) testbed in over-the-air (OTA) and mobility environments to enhance cell throughput in a millimeter-wave band. We build the D-MIMO testbed having newly developed OTFS modulator and demodulator, and measured OTFS signals and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals with up to four user simultaneous connections on an actual office floor. Additionally, the Doppler effect on OTFS signals is mathematically analyzed and is confirmed in the measurements. OTFS indicates higher robustness in time-variant channels than OFDM. The error vector magnitude (EVM) and system throughput of OTFS are −22 dB and 1.9 Gbps with 100 MHz signal bandwidth, respectively. To our knowledge, this is a first paper describing the OTA measurements of EVM, throughput, and spectral efficiency using OTFS modulation on the 28 GHz coherent beamforming system.
RCS prediction and optimization for anomalous reflection metasurfaces using Floquet analysis
Authors: Elineau Matthieu , Loison Renaud , Méric Stéphane , Gillard Raphaël , Pagani Pascal , Mazé-Merceur Geneviève , Pouliguen Philippe
Published: May 2023

Due to their periodic nature, metasurfaces used to perform anomalous reflection raise parasitic harmonic reflections. We show a classical synthesis example of such a structure and highlight its limitations. Floquet analysis and its associated simulation environment are exploited to understand the origin of these parasitic reflections and to mitigate them. The proposed method is based on the optimization of the metasurface periodic pattern: the supercell. A predictive method is built to calculate radar cross-section patterns from supercell Floquet simulation, avoiding dealing with heavy simulations. The proposed model, the optimization outputs, and the general results are exposed in details. Different cases are also discussed to prove the repeatability of the proposed method. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the European Microwave Conference and was published in its proceedings.
Optimized Alternate Mapping Correlated K‐Distribution Method for Atmospheric Longwave Radiative Transfer
Authors: Cai Yue , Zhang Feng , Lin Han , Li Jiangnan , Zhang Hua , Li Wenwen , Hu Shuai
Published: May 2023

Radiative transfer models are widely applied in climate models to simulate vertical temperature perturbations caused by external radiative forcings. A large part of radiative transfer models is the infrared gaseous spectral transmittance scheme, which quantifies the longwave atmospheric absorption. A rapid infrared gaseous spectral transmittance scheme, called the Optimized alternate Mapping Correlated K‐Distribution model (OMCKD), is introduced in this paper. To improve the accuracy of our scheme without increasing pseudo‐monochromatic calculations, we introduce the optimal iteration method to automatically tune the equivalent absorption coefficients in the cumulative probability subspace. In addition, a new expression weighted by black‐body radiation is introduced to calculate the equivalent absorption coefficient. The OMCKD simulates heating rate and radiation flux with errors of less than 0.12 K d−1 and 0.35 W m−2, respectively, below stratopause for standard atmospheric profiles. The OMCKD is also evaluated and compared with the rapid radiative transfer model for general circulation models (RRTMG) in realistic atmospheric profiles. We found that OMCKD can accurately produce heating rates and generally captures radiative forcings associated with large perturbations to the concentrations of main greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the number of pseudo‐monochromatic calculations in OMCKD is 11.4% less than that in RRTMG, which indicates less computational cost.
Terrestrial High‐Power LF Signals as Contributing Factors to the Heliospheric Environment
Authors: Miś T. A. , Modelski J.
Published: May 2023

Low‐frequency radio signals of natural origins have been registered in the heliosphere for more than 50 years, mainly being a product of interaction between the solar wind and the planetary magnetospheres. Withing these signals, series of man‐made transmissions have been detected, coming from the LORAN‐C navigation system and the terrestrial longwave broadcasting stations. The paper compares these two types of signals in the terms of their power distribution, which affects their readability and achieved effective range in space, as well as their possible usability in future research basing on the type of information they deliver. It is indicated that the less‐investigated longwave signals are more efficient, spectrum‐powerful and information‐rich that the LORAN‐C system, offering more possibilities for heliospheric and near‐Earth space research.
Validation of Ionospheric Specifications During Geomagnetic Storms: TEC and foF2 During the 2013 March Storm Event‐II
Authors: Shim J. S. , Song I.‐S. , Jee G. , Kwak Y.‐S. , Tsagouri I. , Goncharenko L. , McInerney J. , Vitt A. , Rastaetter L. , Yue J. , Chou M. , Codrescu M. , Coster A. J. , Fedrizzi M. , Fuller‐Rowell T. J. , Ridley A. J. , Solomon S. C. , Habarulema J. B.
Published: May 2023

Assessing space weather modeling capability is a key element in improving existing models and developing new ones. In order to track improvement of the models and investigate impacts of forcing, from the lower atmosphere below and from the magnetosphere above, on the performance of ionosphere‐thermosphere models, we expand our previous assessment for 2013 March storm event (Shim et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018SW002034). In this study, we evaluate new simulations from upgraded models (the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics (CTIPe) model version 4.1 and the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model (GITM) version 21.11) and from the NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension (WACCM‐X) version 2.2 including eight simulations in the previous study. A simulation from the NCAR Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model version 2 (TIE‐GCM 2.0) is also included for comparison with WACCM‐X. TEC and foF2 changes from quiet‐time background are considered to evaluate the model performance on the storm impacts. For evaluation, we employ four skill scores: Correlation coefficient (CC), root‐mean square error (RMSE), ratio of the modeled to observed maximum percentage changes (Yield), and timing error (TE). It is found that the models tend to underestimate the storm‐time enhancements of foF2 (F2‐layer critical frequency) and TEC (Total Electron Content) and to predict foF2 and/or TEC better in North America but worse in the Southern Hemisphere. The ensemble simulation for TEC is comparable to results from a data assimilation model (Utah State University‐Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements (USU‐GAIM)) with differences in skill score less than 3% and 6% for CC and RMSE, respectively.
The Evolutions of the Seed and Relativistic Electrons in the Earth's Outer Radiation Belt During the Geomagnetic Storms: A Statistical Study
Authors: Wang Xu , Tang Chaoling , Ni Binbin , Su Zhengpeng , Zhang Jichun , Chen Jingrun , Chu Xinxin
Published: May 2023

Using the Van Allen Probes data, we statistically study the evolutions of the seed and relativistic electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt during the storms. Based on the different storm intensities and durations of the main phase, the storm events are divided into “moderate and short (MS) events,” “moderate and long (ML) events,” “strong and short (SS) events,” and “strong and long (SL) events.” The results from a superposed epoch analysis show that (a) For most MS and SS events, the seed electron fluxes can exceed pre‐storm levels, and enhanced fluxes mainly occur around the storm peak. (b) For the ML and SL events, the seed electron fluxes greatly exceed pre‐storm levels by more than an order of magnitude, and enhanced fluxes mainly occur during the main phase. (c) For most MS events, MeV electron fluxes are difficult to return to or exceed pre‐storm levels. While MeV electron fluxes at some L* shells for some SS events can exceed pre‐storm levels. (d) For most ML or SL events, MeV electron fluxes at L* ≥4.0 or ≥3.5 can exceed pre‐storm levels, and enhanced fluxes mainly start to occur from the main phase. These results suggest that the duration of the main phase and storm intensity play important roles in the evolutions of the seed and MeV electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt during the storms. These are important for our further understanding of the electron dynamics of the outer radiation belt.
Patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder display a similar global gene expression signature in whole blood that reflects elevated proportion of immature neutrophil cells with association to lipid changes
Authors: Torsvik Anja , Brattbakk Hans-Richard , Trentani Andrea , Holdhus Rita , Stansberg Christine , Bartz-Johannessen Christoffer A. , Hughes Timothy , Steen Nils Eiel , Melle Ingrid , Djurovic Srdjan , Andreassen Ole A. , Steen Vidar M.
Published: May 2023

Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) share clinical characteristics, genetic susceptibility, and immune alterations. We aimed to identify differential transcriptional patterns in peripheral blood cells of patients with SCZ or BD versus healthy controls (HC). We analyzed microarray-based global gene expression data in whole blood from a cohort of SCZ (N = 329), BD (N = 203) and HC (N = 189). In total, 65 genes were significantly differentially expressed in SCZ and 125 in BD, as compared to HC, with similar ratio of up- and downregulated genes in both disorders. Among the top differentially expressed genes, we found an innate immunity signature that was shared between SCZ and BD, consisting of a cluster of upregulated genes (e.g., OLFM4, ELANE, BPI and MPO) that indicate an increased fraction of immature neutrophils. Several of these genes displayed sex differences in the expression pattern, and post-hoc analysis demonstrated a positive correlation with triglyceride and a negative correlation with HDL cholesterol. We found that many of the downregulated genes in SCZ and BD were associated with smoking. These findings of neutrophil granulocyte-associated transcriptome signatures in both SCZ and BD point at altered innate immunity pathways with association to lipid changes and potential for clinical translation.
Intratumor heterogeneity and cell secretome promote chemotherapy resistance and progression of colorectal cancer
Authors: Källberg Julia , Harrison Alexandra , March Valerie , Bērziņa Santa , Nemazanyy Ivan , Kepp Oliver , Kroemer Guido , Mouillet-Richard Sophie , Laurent-Puig Pierre , Taly Valérie , Xiao Wenjin
Published: May 2023

The major underlying cause for the high mortality rate in colorectal cancer (CRC) relies on its drug resistance, to which intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) contributes substantially. CRC tumors have been reported to comprise heterogeneous populations of cancer cells that can be grouped into 4 consensus molecular subtypes (CMS). However, the impact of inter-cellular interaction between these cellular states on the emergence of drug resistance and CRC progression remains elusive. Here, we explored the interaction between cell lines belonging to the CMS1 (HCT116 and LoVo) and the CMS4 (SW620 and MDST8) in a 3D coculture model, mimicking the ITH of CRC. The spatial distribution of each cell population showed that CMS1 cells had a preference to grow in the center of cocultured spheroids, while CMS4 cells localized at the periphery, in line with observations in tumors from CRC patients. Cocultures of CMS1 and CMS4 cells did not alter cell growth, but significantly sustained the survival of both CMS1 and CMS4 cells in response to the front-line chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Mechanistically, the secretome of CMS1 cells exhibited a remarkable protective effect for CMS4 cells against 5-FU treatment, while promoting cellular invasion. Secreted metabolites may be responsible for these effects, as demonstrated by the existence of 5-FU induced metabolomic shifts, as well as by the experimental transfer of the metabolome between CMS1 and CMS4 cells. Overall, our results suggest that the interplay between CMS1 and CMS4 cells stimulates CRC progression and reduces the efficacy of chemotherapy.