bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Response Analysis of Slab Subjected to Central Contact Blast: Exploring Effects of Blast Placement on Compression and Tension Faces
Authors: Anas S. M. , Shariq Mohd , Alam Mehtab , Eshkaraeva Narhol , Matyaqubova Karomat
Published: August 2024

The fortification of military and civilian infrastructures against explosive events has garnered heightened consideration among structural engineers, owing to the surge in subversive detonations and inadvertent blasts witnessed in recent times. Notable examples include the Beirut port explosion in 2020 and the Kabul airport attack in 2021, which underscore the critical need for enhanced protective measures in structural design. In the domain of structural engineering, safeguarding slender structural elements, notably slabs, emerges as a pivotal concern. Slabs, integral constituents within architectural constructs, bear significant responsibility in upholding structural integrity and providing support. Nonetheless, their slender configuration exposes them to heightened vulnerability in the face of detonations, particularly those initiated by direct contact. In contrast to sturdier structural components like columns or walls, slabs exhibit diminished mass and intrinsic resilience, rendering them predisposed to deformation, fracturing, and ultimate failure when subjected to explosive forces. This research employs an Integrated Eulerian Lagrangian formulation within the framework of the FEM, utilizing the dynamic computational tool Abaqus/Explicit. Its objective is to scrutinize the behavior and efficacy of a mono-reinforced one-way concrete slab when subjected to a central contact explosion. The computational model undergoes validation through comparison with experimental findings readily available in the public domain. Subsequently, the validated model is applied to explore the response of the slab in two distinct scenarios: in the initial configuration, the TNT charge is positioned on the upper surface, designated as the compression face, while in an alternate configuration, it is situated on the lower surface, known as the tension face. The damages incurred by the slab for the two distinct blast scenarios are compared to gain better insight into the structural response under differing blast conditions. Results showed that the placement of TNT explosives at the lower surface (tension face) of the slab (Scenario: II) led to increased upward deformation and tensile stress in reinforcement bars compared to Scenario I. Specifically, Scenario II exhibited a 1.27-fold increase in deformation and heightened stress intensity, indicating greater severity in terms of damage and structural failure potential.
Study on the Production of Glass-Ceramics from Diabase Rocks: A case study of Uzbekistan
Authors: Jumaniyozov Khurmatbek , Adambaeva Feruza
Published: August 2024

The article discusses the features of the chemical and phase composition of diabase rocks, including the rocks of Arvaten and Uzunbulak deposits of Uzbekistan. Glass materials based on diabase rocks have been obtained. The physicochemical properties and structural formation of glasses during crystallization were studied by X-ray analysis. Analysis of the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the diabases of the studied deposits indicates their multiphase character. IR spectroscopic, electron microscopic, microscopic and X-ray data show the presence in diabases of several main phases in the form of oligoclase with the formula (Ca,Na)A2Si2O8, orthoclase K(AlSi3O8), iron-containing pyroxene solid solution of the augite type (Mg, Fe2+)[Si2O6CaFe(AlSiO6)], calcite CaCO3, chlorite (clinochlore) with the formula Mg4.5Al2.5[OH]8(Si3AlO10), olivine (MgFe)2SiO4 and low contents of low-temperature quartz β-SiO2.
Obtaining ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate by processing natural gypsum and phosphogypsum
Authors: Kholmurodov Jamshid , Temirov Uktam , Namazov Shafoat , Radjabov Ruzmat
Published: August 2024

Studying the conversion of local natural gypsum and phosphogypsum, categorized as a byproduct of extracting phosphoric acid (EPA), into ammonium carbonate through a liquid-based method. At the same time, the concentration of ammonium carbonate in an aqueous solution was obtained in the range from 10 to 50%. The norms of ammonium carbonate were 100, 105, 110% relative to stoichiometry. The transfer time of ammonium carbonate to the reaction zone was from 5 to 30 minutes, and the conversion time was also studied in the range from 5 to 30 minutes. The conversion process was carried out at a temperature of 30 to 50°C. The optimal time for the carbonate conversion of gypsum was 30 minutes, and the conversion rate was 95.68 and 96.83%.
Forecasting Delays and Budget overruns resulting from Material-Related Factors
Authors: Khursheed Salman , Sharma Sumit , Paul Virendra Kumar , Al-Farouni Mohammed , Yoldosheva Charos
Published: August 2024

The construction industry's success hinges on effective materials management, a complex process vital for timely and cost-effective material availability. Despite its significance, a notable gap exists in academic research on this critical aspect. This study addresses the gap by introducing a delay prediction model aimed at preempting project delays due to material-related challenges, offering a proactive project management strategy. Materials account for 60-70% of direct costs, and delays resulting from inefficiencies incur significant financial implications. The proposed algorithm, rooted in rigorous academic exploration, utilizes correlation matrices to predict time and cost overruns. The research concludes with a comprehensive analysis, validating the algorithm's utility by revealing average delays and cost overruns for diverse construction components. This study underscores the paramount importance of materials management in construction project success and offers a practical algorithm with potential real-time applications, suggesting avenues for future research expansion.
Features of maturation of two-year-old common carp (Cyprinus Carpio) in cages in Uzbekistan
Authors: Ismoilkhujaev Kamolkuja , Utemuratova Feruza , Yuldashov Mansur , Kamilov Bakhtiyar
Published: August 2024

In contrast to pond polyculture, where fish are raised in natural bodies of water and typically fed lower protein feeds, common carp raised in cages are fed high-protein feeds, leading to significantly faster growth rates. This study analyzed the sexual maturation characteristics of common carp raised in intensive culture in floating cages in the Tuyabuguz reservoir of Uzbekistan. One-year-old common carp fingerlings, weighing between 20 and 30 grams, were stocked in the cages in the spring. The fish were fed a diet containing 35% protein ("Aller Aqua" for common carp). By winter, the common carp had grown significantly, reaching weights between 992 and 1691 grams. Remarkably, by December of the same year, at just one year of age, all female and male common carp had gonads at stages III - IV, indicating their first sexual maturation. This rapid rate of maturation is noteworthy, as it occurs 1-2 years faster than in common carp raised in ponds in the temperate climate of Uzbekistan.
Justification of mulching methods in early cultivation of the Acoustic variety of potato
Authors: Yunusov Salohiddinjon , Ruzmetov Gulom , Kahhorova Oydin
Published: August 2024

Potato cultivation is a significant agricultural activity in Uzbekistan, covering an extensive land area of 253,000 hectares. However, the average yield per hectare is 163 quintals, which is lower compared to leading potato-producing countries such as the USA, the Netherlands, Iran, Pakistan, Russia, and Kyrgyzstan. To improve potato yields, experiments were conducted focusing on different cultivation practices. The results showed that the highest yield was achieved when seeds from the summer harvest were sown and mulched. Specifically, the control group achieved a yield of 95.6%, the group mulched with film achieved 97.0%, and the group mulched with manure achieved 96.1%. In contrast, the control group using seeds from the autumn harvest had lower yield percentages of 76.8%, 79.5%, and 78.0%, respectively. Based on these findings, it is recommended to use mulching methods, such as covering with manure or polyethylene film, to achieve the earliest and highest potato yields. Mulching helps conserve soil moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature, creating favorable conditions for potato growth and development. Implementing these recommendations could potentially enhance potato production in Uzbekistan, leading to increased yields and improved food security for the population. Further research and adoption of modern agricultural practices can contribute to the sustainable development of potato cultivation in Uzbekistan.
The role of biogumus in potato growing in the conditions of Uzbekistan
Authors: Charshanbiyev Umurzok , Xudoyberganov Nematilla , Odinayev Ulmas , Yuldoshev Odil , Allanov Abdugaffor , Rakhmatullaev Yokin
Published: August 2024

This comprehensive scientific article delves into the critical role that biohumus plays in enhancing soil quality and productivity, specifically within the context of potato cultivation. It meticulously explores the multifaceted process of biohumus preparation, outlining the technology and methods involved, and details the optimal rates and timing for applying biohumus to achieve the best outcomes. Biohumus, a rich, organic fertilizer derived from the vermicomposting process, involves the breakdown of organic material by earthworms. This natural fertilizer is lauded for its ability to improve soil structure, enhance water retention, and increase microbial activity, which together contribute to a more fertile ground for plant growth. In the case of potato cultivation, which demands high soil fertility and structure to ensure the development of quality tubers, the application of biohumus is particularly beneficial. The article methodically examines various strategies for the preparation of biohumus, emphasizing the importance of selecting the right raw materials, controlling the vermicomposting environment, and ensuring the maturity of the biohumus before its application. It stresses the significance of understanding the specific needs of the soil and the potato plants to determine the appropriate application rates and periods.
Possibility of industrial use of silkworm breeds sex-tagged at the egg stage
Authors: Larkina Elina , Yakubov Akhmadjon , Daniyarov Umirzak , Abdikayumova Nigora
Published: August 2024

Sericulture throughout the world is based on the production of only first generation hybrids to maximize the benefits of heterosis. Therefore, one of the most important problems of sericulture is solving the problem of accurately separating breeds intended for hybridization by sex, in order to obtain pure hybrids that are not contaminated with the original breeds. The currently used methods for dividing grenas, caterpillars, cocoons, pupae, and silkworm moths by sex are very labor-intensive and inaccurate. However, in Uzbekistan, at the Scientific Research Institute of Sericulture, using genetic engineering methods, sex-determined breeds of silkworms have been created, which are easily and accurately divided according to the color of the eggs into females (dark moth) and males (light moth) using a special apparatus. This allows you to significantly reduce the cost of green production and, using the purity of preparation of hybrids, increase the yield of cocoons.
Sheep ectoparasitosis: A case study from smallholders of Uzbekistan
Authors: Kholov Shodi
Published: August 2024

Changes in management practices in cattle farming have led to an increase in the incidence of parasitic diseases and ectoparasites in livestock. This increase in parasitic infections has resulted in decreased growth and development of animals, as well as reduced reproductive capacity and productivity. To combat these parasitic infections, a 0.03% aqueous solution of the 10% preparation "Alpha-Shakti" has been used in sheep. "Alpha-Shakti" is applied to sheep to treat diseases such as bavicolosis, mallophagosis, hematopinosis, psoroptosis, sarcoptosis, and mite mites. The solution is administered at a rate of 2000-3000 ml per head, or in powder form at a rate of 200-300 g per head. This treatment has been found to have a high insecticidal and therapeutic effect against these parasites. Ectoparasites typically reside between the wool of sheep, primarily in the roots of the wool. To increase the effectiveness of the treatment against these ectoparasites, the "Alpha-Shakti" preparation is applied twice, with an interval of 9-10 days between treatments. This interval allows for the treatment to target both adult parasites and any newly hatched larvae, ensuring a more thorough eradication of the ectoparasites. Overall, the use of "Alpha-Shakti" has been an effective method for controlling parasitic infections in sheep, leading to improved health and productivity of the livestock.
Adaptability of introduced varieties of blueberry (Vaccinium Uliginosum L.) plant to climate conditions of Tashkent Province, Uzbekistan
Authors: Namozov Ikhtiyor , Kurbonmurodov Akbar
Published: August 2024

The article meticulously outlines the outcomes of a detailed scientific study aimed at evaluating the adaptability of various blueberry varieties within the central climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, focusing particularly on their growth patterns and productivity levels. The investigation, set against the backdrop of the Tashkent province's unique environmental parameters, provides invaluable insights into the cultivation potential of blueberries, a crop not traditionally associated with the agronomic landscape of Uzbekistan. A key finding of this research is the determination of the vegetation period for the introduced blueberry varieties, which spanned between 213 to 221 days. The study further categorizes the introduced blueberry varieties into three distinct ripening groups: early, medium, and late. This classification not only aids in the strategic planning of harvest schedules to ensure a continuous supply of blueberries throughout the season but also highlights the genetic diversity and adaptability of these varieties to the climatic conditions of the Tashkent province. Among the varieties studied, 'Duke' and 'Bluecrop' were identified as the highest-yielding, marking them as particularly suitable for extensive cultivation in the region due to their productivity and potential economic benefits. On the other end of the spectrum, the 'Aurora' variety was noted for its lower productivity, although it could still contribute to biodiversity and the extension of the harvesting season. The remaining varieties were classified as having average productivity, offering a balanced option for cultivators seeking to diversify their blueberry crops.
Ways to increase the effectiveness of hyperimmune serum against colibacteriosis, salmonellosis and pasteureellosis of lambs
Authors: Abdusattarov Abdusalom , Gaipova Mutabar , Mengliev Gayrat , Khujakhonov Shokhruz , Amirov Abdumumin
Published: August 2024

This article presents materials from scientific research on the development of methods for obtaining antigens for hyperimmunization from pathogens of escherichiosis, salmonellosis and pasteurellosis of lambs and calves with high immunogenicity. Corpuscular, autolysis, hydrolysis, and toxic antigens were obtained. From the obtained antigens, a mixed fraction was formed – corpuscular + autolysis, hydrolysis + toxic, fractions with the addition of aethonium. In experiments on hyperimmunization of rabbits, a relatively high titer (1:25600) was established when using a mixed antigen with the addition of aethonium, compared with the indicators of the other four types of antigens separately. At the same time, the synergism of antigens of three pathogens with simultaneous use has been proven. When tested on rabbits, hyperimmune serum obtained using a mixed antigen with the addition of aethonium showed relatively high therapeutic and preventive effectiveness. When using a mixed antigen with the addition of ethonium, hyperimmunized fattening bulls were subjected to total bleeding with subsequent isolation of blood serum for use in therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Sera with a titer of specific antibodies greater than 1:10,000 were used. A total of 110 liters of whey were produced. Therapeutic and preventive effectiveness when used in lambs was 95%, and in calves 87%.
Creation and laboratory testing of new complex and simple industrial hybrids with improved technological properties of cocoons
Authors: Navruzov Sobir , Khudayberdieva Umida , Abdikayumova Nigora , Samatova Sayyora
Published: August 2024

This article highlights the results of testing new complex and simple industrial hybrids of silkworms, focusing on their improved productive and technological properties in comparison with foreign analogues. Various reproductive, biological, productive, and technological indicators were used to evaluate the performance of these hybrids. The research demonstrated that local complex and simple hybrids outperformed the control variants in terms of these indicators, indicating their high performance and potential for silk production. These findings suggest that the local silkworm hybrids have significant advantages over foreign analogues, particularly in terms of cocoon quality and quantity. Based on the positive results obtained from the testing, the article proposes increasing the volume of preparation of local silkworm hybrids for the production of industrial cocoons. This recommendation is supported by the superior performance of these hybrids in comparison with foreign analogues, indicating their suitability for large-scale silk production. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of local silkworm hybrids for improving silk production in Uzbekistan. By utilizing these hybrids, the silk industry in the country could enhance its productivity and competitiveness in the global market, while also promoting the development of local sericulture.
Group-fractional composition of humus in dry aggregates of weakly saline grass-meadow soils
Authors: Shadieva Nilufar , Kholmatov Bobir , Sodikova Gulchekhra , Mahkamova Aliya
Published: August 2024

The study focused on analyzing changes in the group-fraction composition of humus in dry aggregates of weakly saline grass-meadow soils. The research aimed to understand the dynamics of humus composition and content in these soils, which are crucial for soil fertility and ecosystem health. The analysis revealed significant changes in the group and fractional composition of humus in the dry aggregates of the studied soils. These changes are indicative of the humus status and can provide insights into the overall soil health and fertility. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the soils belong to the fulvate-humic and fulvate type based on the type of humus present. This classification indicates the predominance of fulvic acids and humic acids in the humus composition, which play vital roles in soil nutrient cycling, microbial activity, and overall soil structure. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the humus dynamics in grass-meadow soils, particularly in relation to saline conditions. This knowledge is essential for developing sustainable soil management practices that can improve soil fertility, enhance crop productivity, and maintain ecosystem health in saline-affected agricultural lands. Further research in this area could focus on the long-term effects of soil management practices, such as organic matter addition and irrigation strategies, on the humus composition and overall soil health of saline-affected grass-meadow soils.
Study of hydrogel application as an innovation in water conservation to increase productivity of water and land resources in Central Tajikistan
Authors: Pulatov Sh Ya , Pulatov Ya E. , Matyakubov B. Sh , Razakova G.
Published: August 2024

Year after year, water resources are in short supply in Central Asian countries due to population growth, economic development, urbanization, climate change, and an overall increase in demand. This situation necessitates the development of new technological methods, as well as the discovery of ways to conserve water in order to use water resources more efficiently and improve the moisture supply of agricultural crops. This research focuses on the use of hydrogel as a water conservation innovation, with the goal of increasing water and land resource productivity in Central Tajikistan. The proposed research on the use of hydrogels in Tajikistan has not been previously studied. It has been proven that the use of hydrogel has a positive effect on the water-physical properties of the soil and during the growing season creates favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants, thereby ensuring a stable harvest of raw cotton and wheat grain. The use of hydrogel provided an increase in the yield of raw cotton by 0.95 t/ha and 1.2 t/ha of winter wheat. The effectiveness of the hydrogel was obvious, especially in rainfed farming conditions (without irrigation). It has been established that the use of hydrogels reduces the number of vegetation irrigations due to an increase in the inter-irrigation period, significantly reduces the irrigation rate (by at least 40%) and reduces the leaching of mineral fertilizers. The practical feasibility of using hydrogel is to increase the water-holding capacity of the soil and the efficient use of precipitation and irrigation water, saving irrigation water and uniform water distribution and moistening of the field, eliminating irrigation soil erosion and increasing crop yields compared to traditional technology. The developed recommendation will be aimed at introducing the use of hydrogel in rainfed (without irrigation) and irrigated agriculture in Tajikistan.
Study of evolution and fertility of degraded soils in the Kashkadarya river cone spread
Authors: Gafurova Lazizakhon , Kurbanov Mirjalol , Sidiqov Saidjon , Ergasheva Olimaxon , Abdushukurova Zamira , Zakirova Salomat , Yunusova Sayyorakhon , Artiqova Hafiza
Published: August 2024

This article provides insights into the evolution of degraded soils in the Kashkadarya cone spread and the current factors influencing it. A comprehensive assessment of agrophysical, agrochemical, chemical, and microbiological properties of the degraded pale gray soils is presented, accompanied by the development of agricultural measures aimed at enhancing soil fertility. In the middle and lower segments of the cone, notable variations exist, as highlighted by M.A. Pankov. Flat elevations are characterized by light sandy and sandy soils, whereas the slopes of these elevations exhibit heavy and medium sandy soils. Flat depressions, on the other hand, feature clayey soils. This pattern extends to the bedrock within the soil, where the mechanical composition ranges from sand and loam to heavy sand and silt. In heavy sandy layers, there are occurrences of sand and silt layers and lenses, contributing to the overall mechanical composition.
Study on agrochemical information and analytical systems in irrigated agriculture
Authors: Dauletmuratov Mukhammedali , Gafurova Lazizakhon , Djalilova Gulnora. , Ergasheva Olimaxon , Baxitgul Xalmuratova , Umarov Muxammad
Published: August 2024

This paper presents findings on the creation of digital agrochemical maps for irrigated meadow-alluvial soils in Uzbekistan through the application of contemporary GIS technologies. Additionally, it explores the utilization of these maps to establish optimal fertilizer application rates and timings for various agricultural crops. The research aims to leverage Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies to develop digital agrochemical cartograms specifically for irrigated meadow-alluvial soils in Uzbekistan. These cartograms serve as digital representations of the agrochemical characteristics of the soils in the region. The adoption of GIS facilitates a comprehensive and spatially explicit understanding of soil attributes, enabling a more precise and informed approach to agricultural management. The primary objective is to determine optimal rates and timings for fertilizer application tailored to the distinct characteristics of irrigated meadow-alluvial soils. By integrating soil information into the GIS framework, the study seeks to establish a connection between spatial variability in soil properties and the corresponding agricultural practices. This approach allows for the development of targeted fertilization strategies based on the unique attributes of each soil type.
Study of carbohydrates of fruit, cake and meal Xanthium strumarium I. growing in the territory of the Khorezm region
Authors: Babajanova Rimajon , Akramova Rano , Kodiralieva Fatima , Ruzmetova Dildora , Ibadullaev Bazor , Radjabov Mansur , Nurjanova Fazila
Published: August 2024

On the saline soils of the Khorezm region, the cocklebur Xanthium Strumarium L. grows, which is a wild-growing medicinal plant and a weed in the irrigated fields of the region. The chemical composition of fruits and seeds of Xanthium Strumarium L. is under study. We have determined the total content of carbohydrates in fruits, cake and meal after extracting oil from the fruits and seeds of Xanthium Strumarium L. The qualitative and quantitative monosaccharide composition of carbohydrates was established. The results of paper chromatography (PC), IR spectroscopy, and TX analysis of sample hydrolysates were obtained and analyzed. Carbohydrates of fruits, cake and meal of Xanthium Strumarium L. growing in the Khorezm region of the Republic of Uzbekistan have been studied for the first time.
The effects of living the weight of a different genotype to figure foal storage technologies
Authors: Hafizov Inoyat , Hafizov Akmal , Karimova Yorqinoy , Ergashev Kakhkhor
Published: August 2024

Hot climatic conditions of our republic in the different genotype and genetic capabilities of the foal feeding and care feeding and the full value in the display in the foal store full of “stable-pasture” as a result of the introduction of the technology in the method boosted the rapid development and growth of the foal, and ultimately increase economic efficiency has been achieved as a result the level of profitability of the sector 35,7 percent.
Complex Nitrogen-phosphorus-sulfur-containing Fertilizers Based on Ammonia Salt, Phosphate Rock and Phosphogypsum
Authors: Ibatov Farhod , Mamataliev Abdurasul , Namazov Shafoat , Temirov Uktam
Published: August 2024

The chemical industry of Uzbekistan has all the prerequisites for creating the production of complex (nitrogen-phosphorus, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium, nitrogen-phosphorus-sulfur-containing and others) fertilizers based on ammonium nitrate (AN). Phosphogypsum (PG), a waste product from the production of extraction phosphoric acid (EPA), can serve as an additive to AN. About 80 million tons of PG have been accumulated on the territory of Ammofos-Maxam JSC alone. There is no acceptable technology for its disposal yet. And as a phosphate additive – phosphate rock (PR) of Kyzylkum. The production of granular complex fertilizers by direct mixing of AN melt with PR followed by the addition of PG is the most promising from the point of view of low cost and manufacturability, it is also environmentally friendly. In this case, PR phosphorus transforms into a form that is assimilated by plants. And PG in the AN melt undergoes conversion with the formation of soluble ammonium sulfate. When obtaining samples of NPS fertilizers, the mass ratio of AN:PR varied from 100:3 to 100:50. And the PG additive was taken in amounts of 5, 10 and 15% of the total mass of the mixture of AN and PR. To granulate the nitrate-phosphate-gypsum melt, the pelletizing method was used. It has been shown that melted nitrate activates PR, that is, it converts the P2O5 form that is indigestible in it into a form that is digestible for plants. In this case, PG undergoes conversion with the formation of ammonium sulfate. The addition of both FM and PG to AN significantly increases the strength of the latter's granules. If for pure AN it is equal to 1.32 MPa, then for a fertilizer with a mass ratio of AN:PR = 100:20 with the addition of 5% PG this figure is already 8.54 MPa.
Increasing efficiency of livestock farming in Uzbekistan
Authors: Toshboev Abduraim , Siddikov Zakhid , Narinbaeva Gulnora , Muratova Makhtuma
Published: August 2024

Efficient use of available resources like land, water, and feed is crucial for sustaining operations. This means managing resources throughout the year, ensuring their effective use. Timely completion of tasks and high-quality work are key to maximizing productivity and minimizing losses. Introducing and maintaining productive livestock breeds is also crucial for economic stability. These breeds are selected for their ability to thrive in local conditions and provide optimal yields. By investing in productive breeds, farmers can improve overall efficiency and profitability. Reducing price gaps between inputs used in livestock farming and market prices of agricultural products is important. This can be achieved through negotiation and strategic planning. Increasing mechanization and automation can help reduce labor costs and improve efficiency. Implementing cost-saving techniques and innovative technologies is vital for long-term economic stability. These include methods to improve feed efficiency, waste management, and disease control. By adopting these practices, farmers can reduce costs and improve profitability. Ensuring high-quality and efficient veterinary care is critical for maintaining livestock health. This includes regular health checks, vaccinations, and disease prevention. By investing in veterinary care, farmers can reduce the risk of disease outbreaks and ensure long-term sustainability.
Challenging the Status Quo in Field Emission Electron Source Research
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: August 2024

Linear equation correlation may be more a matter of math than physical properties.
Numerical simulations of train aerodynamic noise using hybrid grids
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: August 2024

Hybrid grids enable numerical simulations of the high-speed train aerodynamic noise, ensuring both accuracy and cost-efficiency
Breaking the size limitation of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics in condensed matter systems with local descriptor machine learning
Authors: Liu Dongyu , Wang Bipeng , Wu Yifan , Vasenko Andrey S. , Prezhdo Oleg V.
Published: August 2024

Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NA-MD) is a powerful tool to model far-from-equilibrium processes, such as photochemical reactions and charge transport. NA-MD application to condensed phase has drawn tremendous attention recently for development of next-generation energy and optoelectronic materials. Studies of condensed matter allow one to employ efficient computational tools, such as density functional theory (DFT) and classical path approximation (CPA). Still, system size and simulation timescale are strongly limited by costly ab initio calculations of electronic energies, forces, and NA couplings. We resolve the limitations by developing a fully machine learning (ML) approach in which all the above properties are obtained using neural networks based on local descriptors. The ML models correlate the target properties for NA-MD, implemented with DFT and CPA, directly to the system structure. Trained on small systems, the neural networks are applied to large systems and long timescales, extending NA-MD capabilities by orders of magnitude. We demonstrate the approach with dependence of charge trapping and recombination on defect concentration in MoS
2
. Defects provide the main mechanism of charge losses, resulting in performance degradation. Charge trapping slows with decreasing defect concentration; however, recombination exhibits complex dependence, conditional on whether it occurs between free or trapped charges, and relative concentrations of carriers and defects. Delocalized shallow traps can become localized with increasing temperature, changing trapping and recombination behavior. Completely based on ML, the approach bridges the gap between theoretical models and realistic experimental conditions and enables NA-MD on thousand-atom systems and many nanoseconds.
Quantum coherence protection by utilizing hybrid noise
Authors: Feng Jiahui , Guo Tengtao , Zhou Yuxuan , Zhao Xinyu , Xia Yan
Published: August 2024

Noise is often considered as the biggest enemy of maintaining quantum coherence. However, in this paper, we show a scheme to protect quantum coherence by introducing extra noise. To be specific, we study an atom coupled to a single mode cavity (Jaynes–Cummings model) with two noises. One is from the cavity leakage, the other is from the stochastic atom-cavity coupling. Based on the non-Markovian dynamical equation, we show the quantum coherence can be protected by introducing the noise in the atom-cavity coupling. We study four different types of noises and show their performance on the coherence protection. We also analytically reveal the mechanism of the quantum coherence protection, namely the high frequency noise can freeze the dynamics thus protect coherence. Last but not least, a mixture of different types of noises (hybrid noise) is studied. We show the mixture can lower the performance of the coherence protection scheme and provide an explanation. We hope the results presented here may attract more attention on protecting quantum coherence by utilizing noise.
Bidirectional quantum teleportation in continuous variables
Authors: Nesterova E A , Korolev S B
Published: August 2024

We propose a bidirectional quantum teleportation (BQT) protocol in continuous variables. We use a cluster state in continuous variables as the main resource to realize this protocol. In the paper, we obtain a family of configurations of cluster states in continuous variables that can be used to realize the BQT protocol. From the whole family of configurations, we have chosen those that realize the protocol with the smallest possible error.
Reconfigurable Digital Twin from the Perspective of Smart Manufacturing Systems in Industry 4.0/5.0
Authors: Mo Guangyu , Sun Yuan , Huang Sihan , Gao Feng , Huang Jintang , Lai Lijuan , Wang Guoxin , Yan Yan
Published: August 2024

In industry 4.0/5.0, Smart manufacturing systems are typically complex systems that can be adjusted to deal with demand fluctuation through reconfigurable software/hardware. The emergence of digital twin as enabler technology can promote the operation efficiency of smart manufacturing systems. However, the modelling processes of digital twin of smart manufacturing systems is inefficient due to their complicated structures in general. Besides, the frequent reconfiguration of smart manufacturing systems and the differentiation among smart manufacturing systems will increase the burden of digital twin modelling. Therefore, a reconfigurable modelling method for digital twin of smart manufacturing systems is proposed in this paper. First, a reconfigurable modelling framework based on open architecture is proposed to provide basic model scenario for digital twin of smart manufacturing systems. Second, the reconfiguration of digital twin is elaborated from three dimensions, including reconfigurable virtual model, reconfigurable mapping, and reconfigurable scene. Finally, a case study is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Research on Underwater Imaging Technology Based on Polarization Enhancement
Authors: Liu Jiahao , Cao Shouhu , Zhang Di , Chen Yujie , Kong Fang
Published: August 2024

In response to the problem of unclear representation of underwater polarization image information, this paper first improves the pulse coupled neural network (PCNN) model. The polarization image is used as model input, and ultimately obtaining the target polarization degree feature representation (e-DOP) image. The polarization angle image and polarization degree feature representation image are used as the decomposition source images for non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) decomposition. The decomposed high-frequency sub bands are used as inputs to the PCNN model to obtain the ignition map, and the high-frequency coefficients are computed by analyzing their regional energy distribution. The low-frequency parts are fused using principal component analysis. Finally, the final resultant image is obtained by NSCT inverse transformation. The outcomes of the experiment demonstrate that the image of fusion obtained through the method in this article has better visual effects, more prominent detail features, and effectively improves the contrast between the target and the background.
Lateral and Longitudinal Shared Control Strategy of Human-Machine Based on Game-Theoretic
Authors: Ding Wenlong , Chen Xiang , Zhao Wanzhong , Wang Chunyan
Published: August 2024

Human-machine shared driving has become a research focus in the field of autonomous driving. In this paper, we propose a lateral and longitudinal shared control strategy of human-machine games. Firstly, a model of the driver and machine in shared driving mode is established. Then, game theory is employed to describe the coupled interaction between human and machine, and an optimal human-machine control strategy based on game theory is designed. Finally, the results of joint simulations and driver-in-the-loop experiments demonstrate that the proposed shared control strategy improves performance in terms of trajectory tracking, driver burden and vehicle stability.
MAIR-Net: a sparse-view CT reconstruction network based on a combination of mixed attention and iterative optimization learning
Authors: Guo Tong , Liu Yi , Zhang Pengcheng , Liu Yu , Gui Zhiguo
Published: August 2024

Sparse-view computed tomography (CT) is one of the main
means to reduce radiation risk. When the projection data is highly
undersampled, the reconstructed CT image may suffer from serious
stripe artifacts and structural information loss. In this paper, we
propose a sparse-view CT reconstruction network architecture
combining mixed attention (MA) and an iterative reconstruction
strategy, called MAIR-Net. Firstly, the approach expands the
proximal gradient descent into the neural network and uses an
initial value enhancement module between the gradient descent module
and the proximal mapping module. The aim is to enhance the flow of
detailed information between different layers, fully retain image
details, and improve the network convergence speed. Secondly, the
mixed attention module (MAM) is introduced into the reconstruction
process as a regularization term. It adaptively fuses local and
non-local features of the image, which are used to reduce the
over-smoothing of the reconstructed image and fully retain the
details of the reconstructed image, respectively. Experimental
results showed that the proposed method can better retain the
details of the reconstructed image and improve the quality of the
reconstructed image while inhibiting the sparse angle artifacts of
the CT reconstructed image.
Study of physical and chemical characteristics of milling rice with several degrees of milling
Authors: Zakky Mochamad , Ahmad Usman , Subrata IDM , Mardison S
Published: August 2024

Rice is the staple food for most of the Indonesian people. Along with the increase in population and living standards in Indonesia, demand for rice with high quality is increasing, especially in big cities. Rice quality is a combination of physical and chemical characteristics required for consumption. This study aimed to study physical and chemical characteristics by its quality and nutritional composition of milled rice with several degrees of milling. The material used was the Ciherang variety, which was milled with varying milling times (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 16, 22, and 30 seconds). The collected data in this research were chemical characteristics obtained from proximate tests and physical attributes in the form of rice grain size. The results of the study showed that the physical characteristics were a milling degree of 10.21% with a duration of 30 seconds, an average width of rice grains of 2.33 ± 0.11 mm, a white rice grain length of 7.32 ± 0.34 mm, which was classified as very long, a roundness of 0.32 ± 0.02 which was classified as slender and rice grain shape (L/W) averaged 3.15 ± 0.19, categorized as slender rice grain shape. Chemical characteristics in the form of carbohydrate proportions increased with milling time, namely 74.80% in brown rice to 75.95%, fat proportions decreased with milling time from 2.52% in brown rice to 0.62%, and protein proportions decreased from 11.65% to 10.43% of the brown rice is milled for up to 30 seconds.
Impact of residues of chicken manure and oil palm shell biochar on water holding capacity and yield of peanuts in ultisol
Authors: Junedi H , Ermadani  , Arsyad AR , Zurhalena
Published: August 2024

One of the problems in the development of food crops is the limited availability of fertile land so that the choice is only for less fertile soil, namely Ultisol, which are very widely available in Indonesia. One of the problems is the low organic matter content of the soil so that the ability to hold water in Ultisol is low. The addition of chicken manure and oil palm shell biochar separately or together has been shown to increase the ability of Ultisols to hold water and yield peanuts in the first growing season. The aim of the study was to see the effects of chicken manure and biochar residues in the second growing season. The study was conducted in the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jambi for 6 months, using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 6 treatments, namely: P0 = without manure and biochar; P1 = 10 tons ha−1 manure; P2 = 7.50 tons ha−1 manure and 2.50 tons ha−1 biochar; P3 = 5 tons ha−1 manure and 5 tons ha−1 palm shell biochar, P4 = 2.50 tons ha−1 chicken manure and 7.50 tons ha−1 biochar ; P5 =10 tons ha−1 biochar. The results showed that the application of a combination of chicken manure and oil palm shell biochar was still able to maintain soil water content and peanut yield in the second growing season.
Growth estimation of leaf vegetable plants using camera image analysis
Authors: Suharto YB , Suhardiyanto H , Susila AD , Supriyanto
Published: August 2024

Fresh weight and leaf canopy area of vegetable plants are the main parameters of plant growth in determining productivity and yield quality, affecting consumer acceptance. Visual observations and manual measurements are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and subject to high errors. Plant phenotyping technology can be applied to measure physiological and growth conditions and predict plant productivity non-destructively. The objective of the study was to estimate the canopy area and fresh weight of leaf vegetable plants non-destructively using camera image analysis. Pakcoy mustard and romaine lettuce are grown hydroponically in a greenhouse. Plant images were taken using a digital web camera installed on a photo box set with dimensions of 90cm×60cm×90cm (l×w×h). One hundred images of each pakcoy and romaine lettuce plant were analyzed using image processing to see the profile of the relationship between the canopy area and the fresh weight of vegetable plants. Camera image analysis can describe leaf vegetable plants’ growth profile in greenhouses. Canopy area and plant fresh weight correlated well to form a quadratic equation with R2 0.96 for pakcoy and R2 0.98 for romaine lettuce. The plant growth estimation model built using the results of camera image analysis can estimate the parameters of the canopy area and fresh weight of leaf vegetable plants with high accuracy.
Approach maximum likelihood classification and cellular automata markov chain model for land use/land cover change prediction in Nagan Raya Country, Indonesia
Authors: Yuliani  , Ramli I , Joni
Published: August 2024

Forest is one of the land cover classes found in Nagan Raya District. Deforestation can contribute to a decrease in carbon emission absorption potential. Land cover change can affect a region’s policy in managing a good environment. This study aims to determine land cover change for the period 2007-2023 and predict land cover in 2035. Land cover change analysis uses Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) and Cellular Automata Markov Chain to predict land cover in 2035. Land cover was classified into 8 (eight) groups using kappa coefficient estimation. The kappa result for land cover in 2007 was 77%. The kappa result for land cover in 2015 was 84% and the kappa result for land cover in 2023 was 82%. The dominating land cover in 2023 is forest with the area of 169.555,44 Ha. Forest deforestation in 2007-2023 amounted to 19.926 Ha (10,5%) and the addition of farmfield is 9.428 Ha (9,4%). The validation of the 2035 model is 0,79, in which the declining land cover classes are forests 12.848 Ha (7,6%), wetlands 1.518 Ha (10,8%), rice field 131,2 Ha (2%), open land 4.935 Ha (38,1%) and water bodies 164,2 Ha (4,2%). While the increasing land cover classes are settlement 1.502 Ha (20,1%) and farmfield 20.709,9 Ha (18,9%). The results of this study can support policy decision-making and regional planning systems in Nagan Raya District.
Recognition of defect types of Arabica coffee beans using image processing
Authors: Ahmad Usman , Nurrahman Muhammad Ilham
Published: August 2024

Coffee is one of the most popular commodities in the world and Indonesia is a large coffee producer. Every year coffee production in Indonesia reaches more than 600,000 tons and some of them are exported. However, most coffee bean grading is still done manually, and this work requires a lot of time with low consistency. This study aims to study the quality parameters of Arabica coffee beans and the use of image processing to distinguish types of defects in green coffee beans. Samples were grouped into normal beans, shelled beans, deformed, discolored, hollow beans and small beans. Each group consisted of 100 green coffee bean samples. Image acquisition is carried out on white paper from a short distance using USB camera. Image processing program is made to obtain several image parameters from objects such as area, perimeter, height and width of beans and color values. Recognition results using image processing sequentially were 77%, 43%, 41%, 90%, 68%, and 84% for normal beans hollow beans, deformed beans, discolored beans, skinned beans, and small beans.
Response of shallots to different rates of nitrogen grown in the lowland tropics of Cirebon Regency, West Java
Authors: Gunadi Nikardi , Harper Stephen , Adiyoga Witono
Published: August 2024

Nitrogen (N) is a basic macronutrient required for plant growth and productivity. However, in Indonesian shallot production, there is a tendency to overuse nitrogen, leading to soil degradation and adverse environmental impacts. To address the impact of excessive nitrogen application, an experiment was carried out in a farmer’s field in Ciledug (12 m above sea level), Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia. The aim was to study the response of shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) to different nitrogen rates in the lowland tropics. Seven different levels of nitrogen rates (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 240 and 320 N kg ha−1) were applied in a random complete block design with four replications, using the shallot variety Bima. As nitrogen application increased, the amount of foliage, bulb, and overall nitrogen uptake increased, reaching the highest level at 320 kg N ha−1, with a total nitrogen uptake of 70 kg N ha−1. Despite the increase in yield with higher nitrogen application rates, the percentage of nitrogen absorbed by the crop decreased significantly. At the highest treatment yield (16.3 t ha−1 at 320 kg N ha−1), the difference between the nitrogen applied and the amount taken up by the crop was approximately 250 kg N ha−1, without considering the uptake of mineralized nitrogen provided by the soil. The fresh yield data was used to fit a quadratic regression model, which resulted in a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.963. It was found that the most effective maximum yield values occurred at approximately 240 kg N ha−1. There is a need for strategies to enhance nitrogen use efficiency in order to lower fertilizer expenses, enhance crop productivity, and minimize environmental impact.