bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An experimental study of the effect of the projection ratio and throat-aspect ratio on the efficiency and loss coefficient of a water jet pump
Authors: Helios Muhammad Penta , Asvapoositkul Wanchai
Published: September 2021

This study focuses on the influence of dimensionless geometry parameters on the performance and loss coefficient of the throat and diffuser of the water jet pump apparatus. A water jet pump system was designed for a total of nine experimental cases with three different projection ratios and three throat-aspect ratios . The volumetric and pressure ratios - performance parameters are measured at a constant motive pressure and under varying backpressure. The efficiencies of the water jet pump in each configuration were assessed and compared. It was found that increasing 2 or 3 times of projection ratio degrades efficiency about 2% to 5.5%, respectively. Higher projection ratio (   > 1) expands the water jet diameter, which clogs the secondary flow. Hence, the changes in  > 3 may have a significant impact on efficiency degradation. Shorter may cause the loss of kinetic energy in the diffuser, while longer  reduces momentum transfer on the secondary flow. Moreover, the changes in  and  influence friction loss coefficient in the throat and diffuser section, and it reduces with increasing of volumetric ratio. It can be concluded that the appropriate value of projection ratio and throat-aspect ratio plays a role in the kinetic energy dissipation. It is also responsible for the location friction process, at a different volumetric ratio. However, the experimental results denoted the best efficiency and loss coefficient was achieved at a low projection ratio ( = 1) and small throat-aspect ratios (  = 5). The best efficiency of the study was about 23.37%.
Predictive maintenance for rotating machinery by using vibration analysis
Authors: Jamil N. , Hassan M.F. , Lim S.K. , Yusoff A.R.
Published: September 2021

This paper presents a complete and well tested virtual instrument (VI) for computer numerical control (CNC) machine predictive maintenance. The national instrument (NI) hardware, LabVIEW software and accelerometer sensor are acquired for the vibration analysis integrated with virtual instrument were developed based on the vibration severity chart threshold in ISO 10816. Validation experiments of the predictive maintenance module were utilized on drilling and milling processes to test and verify the effectiveness of the module. Results obtained from current module can monitor and provide the machine conditions at different condition of good, satisfactory, unsatisfactory, and unacceptable for rotating machinery status according to the vibration severity chart as per ISO 10816.
Experiment analysis on the characteristic of empty fruit bunch, palm kernel shell, coconut shell, and rice husk for biomass boiler fuel
Authors: KANIAPAN SIVABALAN , Suhaimi H. , Hamdan Y. , Pasupuleti Jagadeesh
Published: September 2021

It has been a necessary option for most developing countries moving towards renewable energy options as part of the Paris Agreement, which minimizes conventional energy sources’ reliance. In Malaysia, biomass is a profitable renewable option compared to solar and hydro sources for energy production due to the abundance of agricultural biomass availability for immediate use. However, most of the biomass power plants in Malaysia depend on empty fruit bunch as fuel, causing problems when there is a shortage of fuel supply and other circumstances. Variations in the fuels’ properties provide a new challenge to the power plant output; however, mixing biomass fuels can overcome the issue. Hence, this article aims to study the empty fruit bunch (EFB) with other abundant biomass fuels like “palm kernel shell (PKS),” “rice husk (RH),” and “coconut shell (CS)” for biomass boiler fuel. Therefore, the biomass’s composition and characteristics need to be known, which was done through the proximate analysis (PA), ultimate analysis (UA), and high heating value (HHV). As a result of PA, UA, and HHV, RH is the least favourable fuel due to lowest ((moisture (4.92%), volatile matter (63.20%), carbon (42.50%), hydrogen (5.42%), nitrogen (0.43%) and sulphur (0.01%)) and highest ash content (18.19%), whereas CS exhibits the most favourable option with highest (carbon (50.25%) and oxygen (42.57%)) and second highest in HHV (20.53%) compared with PKS. Thus, the experiments have provided the least and highest favourable feedstock ratios option for biomass boiler fuel application.
Enhancement of laser heating process by laser surface modification on Titanium alloy
Authors: Zaifuddin A. Q. , Zulhilmi F. , Aiman M.H. , Quazi M.M. , Ishak M.
Published: September 2021

Titanium alloys are widely utilized in laser heating applications. However, it has poor optical properties due to low laser energy absorption. Nevertheless, a higher energy absorption can be realized by modifying the surface profile through increasing the surface roughness. In this present work, the laser surface modification (LSM) process was carried out to increase the roughness on surface of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy. Subsequently, the surface characterization and surface roughness were analysed by using the 3D optical microscope. The effect of laser power on the increment of surface roughness was investigated. It was revealed that an increase in laser power during LSM process could increase the surface roughness. The result shows that, the surface roughness of titanium alloy increased 27 times when modified with the highest laser power (27W) compared to the gritted surface. Furthermore, the modified surface by LSM will be heated using laser radiation in order to analyse the effect of surface roughness towards laser heating temperature. Depending on the value of the power during laser heating, the maximum temperature measured could be increased 27% corresponding to a gritted flat reference surface.
Investigation of microstructural and mechanical properties of AA1050-AZ91D dissimilar friction stir welding
Authors: Kayode Oyindamola , Akinlabi Esther Titilayo
Published: September 2021

Joining of aluminium and magnesium alloys frequently pose significant challenges to the extent where joining may seem impossible, due to differences in the physical, metallurgical, and chemical properties of the materials. Friction stir welding is a solid-state welding technique which uses a non-consumable tool to join metals. This study examines the dissimilar friction stir welding of 3 mm thick AA1050 and AZ91D alloy sheets. Successful defect-free joints were achieved at rotational speeds of 400 rpm and 600 rpm, and a constant traverse speed of 50 mm/min. The metallurgical investigations used to characterize the microstructure of the welds are optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructures of the samples show distinct morphology attributed to their different rotational speeds. However, Al3Mg2 intermetallics (IMCs) phase was detected in the white bands present in both weld samples. The IMCs were formed through solid-state diffusion. The mechanical properties characterizations includes the microhardness profiles and tensile testing. The variation in the rotational speeds do not have a significant effect on the microhardness distribution of the weld samples. The tensile strength of the dissimilar weld improved substantially with the presence of an interpenetration feature (IPF).
Mathematical modelling of concrete compressive strength with waste tire rubber as fine aggregate
Authors: Chong B. W. , Othman R. , Ramadhansyah P. J. , Doh S. I. , Li Xiaofeng
Published: September 2021

With the increasing number of vehicle due to the boom of population and rapid modernisation, the management of waste tire is growing problem. Reusing grinded tire rubber in concrete is a green innovation which provide an outlet for reusing waste tire. While providing certain benefits to concrete, incorporation of tire rubber results in significant loss of concrete compressive strength which hinders the potential of rubberised concrete. This paper aims to develop mathematical models on the influence of tire rubber replacement on the compressive strength of concrete using design of experiment (DoE). 33 data sets are gathered from available literature on concrete with waste tire rubber as partial replacement of fine aggregate. Response surface methodology (RSM) model of rubberised concrete compressive strength shows great accuracy with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9923 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 2.368. Regression analysis on the strength index of rubberised concrete shows that rubberised concrete strength loss can be expressed in an exponential function of percentage of replacement. The strength loss is attributed to morphology of rubber particles and the weak bonds between rubber particles and cement paste. Hence, tire rubber replacement should be done sparingly with proper treatment and control to minimise concrete strength loss.
Parametric analysis on a simple design water reaction turbine for low-head low-flow Pico-hydro generation system
Authors: Mohd Rais Nurul Ashikin , Basar M. F.
Published: September 2021

This paper presents a parametric analysis of the outward flow reaction type turbine known as a Z-Blade turbine for low-head low-flow conditions. By applying the principles of mass conservation, momentum and energy, a nomogram was designed to investigate the theoretical performance characteristics. Based on the parametric analysis and the governing equations and experimental results, attempts have been made to prove that the mass flow rate, angular speed, centrifugal head, power output and efficiency respond dynamically to the water head, radius of the rotor, size of the PVC pipes and the nozzle exit area. A turbine with a 1” pipe diameter gives a higher performance compared to a 1/2” pipe diameter, and certainly the performances of both pipe sizes are improved when the supplied potential energy is increased. This innovative turbine has a maximum rotational speed at an optimum turbine diameter at 0.6m, accompanied by a point where there is a sudden reduction in the water flow rate, where previously the increment in the water flow rate was very high. This can shows from the outcome nomogram with 1” pipe diameter can perform 350 rpm speed with 1.48 L/sec water flow. The Z-Blade turbine has been examined and has shown good potential to be used for low-head (3m, 4m and 5m) and low-flow (less than 2.5 L/sec) conditions.
Effects of roof configuration on natural ventilation for an isolated building
Authors: Moey Lip Kean , Kong Man Fai , Tai Vin Cent , Go Tze Fong , Adam Nor Mariah
Published: September 2021

Numerical analyses based on CFD steady RANS were conducted to investigate the effects of roof configuration on wind-induced natural ventilation for an isolated roofed building. Gable roof and saltbox roof building models were tested with 15˚, 25˚, 35˚ and 45˚ roof pitch in present study. The flow field information and flow characteristics were obtained from the contours and plots generated by CFD. In accordance to the increment of roof pitch, the turbulence kinetic energy and mean velocity ratio show vigorous response. The flow separated at the windward corner do not reattach onto the roof, thus induced higher velocity gradient and form a large vortex at the roof ridge. The vortices behind then building caused by the flow separation at the roof ridge extend along the mixing layer and spread up to the roof. The pressure differences mainly rely on the roof shapes. Greater pressure differences between the upstream, interior and downstream was observed in saltbox roof cases. This is due to the extended roof height which boosted the impinging effect caused by the incoming wind. Generally, the saltbox roof configuration exhibit better performance than gable roof in terms of the measured parameters.
Experimental investigation on electro-discharge surface modification phenomenon of P20+Ni die steel using green P/M composite electrode
Authors: RAMDATTI JAYANTIGAR L , Gohil A. V. , Dave K. G.
Published: September 2021

In the present work, attempts have been made to optimize the EDM process with an aspect of surface modification of AISI P20+Ni die steel using powder metallurgy (P/M) electrode. Experiments have been performed according to central composite rotatable (CCD) design using response surface methodology (RSM). Effects of compaction pressure (Cp), peak current (Ip), pulse-on time (Ton), and duty cycle (τ) were correlated with surface roughness (SR) and microhardness (MH). Adequacy of mathematical model has been checked by performing ANOVA. Composite desirability approach was used to obtain optimal set of parameters for minimum SR and maximum MH. The errors between the predicted and experimental value of responses at the optimal set of parameters for SR and MH maintain within 5.26% and -3.64% respectively. Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis confirmed the transfer of P/M electrode material on the work surface. The result indicates three times improvement in microhardness of EDMed surface.
Efficient algorithms and models for mechanical and structural design optimization
Authors: Kasem Mohamed Abdou Mahran , Maalawi Karam
Published: September 2021

In the present work, different algorithms and penalty methods for design optimization of mechanical elements and structures are applied. Seven robust optimization techniques and seven penalty methods are thoroughly investigated and implemented in MATLAB codes. In addition, different optimization models are compared using two benchmark problems, namely, the minimal cost design of a welded beam structure and the optimal buckling design of a functionally graded material column. A performance measure factor is defined to determine the best technique among the implemented optimization algorithms. The results are arranged and nested to make it easy for the reader to figure out each technique characteristics, and hence choose the suitable one for a specific design problem and/or application. Comprehensive computer experimentations were performed, and the best optimization techniques and models have been thoroughly demonstrated. The attained optimal solutions show that, in general, the hybrid algorithms worked better than the stand-alone ones and the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) with global search indicates a superior performance than other techniques. Finally, based on the present study, the adaptive and dynamic penalties need further investigation to become more consistent with the implemented optimization algorithms.
Effect of backward injection with combined hole on film colling performance
Authors: Ben Ali Kouchih Fatima , Boualem K. , Azzi A.
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the film cooling performance and flow features of backward injection with combined hole. This concept is evaluated by comparison to forward injection with combined hole and other forms with both injections, forward and backward. The shapes are namely, cylindrical hole, conical hole and fan-shaped hole. The eight configurations are computed for three blowing ratios M=0.5, 1.0 and 1.5. The air coolant was injected through holes inclined at 35° and 155° for forward and backward injection respectively. The lateral averaged film cooling effectiveness and the distribution of adiabatic film cooling efficiency are studied using commercial software ANSYS- CFX. In addition, several velocity vectors and contours are presented for analyzing the thermal behavior. The results show that a uniform coverage is obtained by the backward injection which leads to best cooling. The maximum improvement of film cooling is obtained by backward injection with combined hole at M=1.5.
Influence of biodiesel blends produced in Colombia on a Diesel engine
Authors: Venegas Oscar , Mónico Luisa
Published: September 2021

Diesel engines have dominated the heavy duty and passenger vehicle market in the past 30 years. Consequently, the oil-derived fuels demand and the amount of pollutant emissions have witnessed exponential growth during the last three decades. Although Diesel engines present the advantage of higher efficiency and, therefore, lower levels of CO2 emissions,  they produce high levels of NOX and particulate matter. In order to face these difficulties, the use of alternative fuels started booming in the early 2000s and continue to gain influence today. Biodiesel stands out from the alternative fuels’ selection for its ease of use, production, storage and potential to reduce levels of particles, CO, HC and CO2. The main goal of this research is to experimentally determine the influence of palm oil biodiesel produced in Colombia on a Diesel engine’s behavior in terms of engine performance and pollutant emissions. As different mixtures of commercial Diesel and biodiesel at different operating conditions were tested, the results showed that it is possible to maintain the engine’s performance at acceptable levels and to, in some cases, reduce smoke density and NOX levels.
Flow behavior in a contra-rotating transonic axial compressor
Authors: Abbasi Sarallah , Alizadeh Maryam
Published: September 2021

This study investigated a three-dimensional flow analysis on a two-stage contra-rotating axial compressor using the Navier–Stokes, continuity, and energy equations with Ansys CFX commercial software. In order to validate the obtained results, the absolute and relative flow angles curves for each rotor in radial direction were extracted and compared with the other investigation results, indicating good agreement. The compressor efficiency curve also was extracted by varying the compressor pressure ratio and compressor efficiency against mass flow rate. The flow results revealed that further distortion of the flow structure in the second rotor imposed a greater increase in the amount of entropy, especially at near-stall conditions. The increase of entropy in the second rotor is due to the interference of the tip leakage flow with the main flow which consequently caused more drops in the second rotor, suggesting that more efficacy of flow control methods occurred in the second rotor than in the first rotor.
How Juvenile Criminal Justice System in Indonesia Works? A Book Review 'Peradilan Pidana Anak di Indonesia', Marlina, PT Refika Aditama, Jakarta, 2009, 232 Pages, ISBN 9798-602-8650-06-9
Authors: Chandra Safari Dwi
Published: September 2021

Human needs to live in an orderly, harmonious, harmonious, and peaceful manner are still maintained in accordance with applicable law.  To provide security to every citizen, law enforcement officials need to take action by carrying out legal proceedings against criminal offenders.  The implementation of legal proceedings against criminal offenders is in a system consisting of related subsystems called the criminal justice system or in the English Criminal Justice System. This book is divided into four chapters, an introduction; children in conflict with the law; juvenile criminal justice; the development of the concept of diversion, and restorative justice. Actually, this book only discusses one important point, namely regarding chapter 4, the development of the concept of diversion and restorative justice. However, the author makes the translation first by writing chapters 1 through chapter three.
How to uphold a Human Right in the World and Indonesia? A Book Review Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia, Rahayu Hartini, Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 2015, 408 Pages, ISBN 978-979-70490-6-5
Authors: Al Izhar Mohammad Yufi
Published: September 2021

Human Rights are basically universal and their rights cannot be taken and revoked by anyone. This is interpreted no matter how bad a person's behavior, a person will still be considered as human as they should be, and will continue to have their rights as human beings, which means that their human rights are inherent and will always be permanently attached to him. Human Rights (HAM) are believed to be the right of life naturally possessed by every human being without exception and a special human thing such as class, group, or social level. Human Rights have basically been championed by humans in all parts of the world throughout the ages. The book written by Prof. Dr. Rahayu, which is very intended for both Faculty of Law students and non-Faculty of Law students, provides an answer to the doubts of the public regarding Human Rights that actually occur in Indonesia and internationally. She also explained the meanings of the struggle of each country that issued their public opinion in the interest of the International, this meant that something that happened in the international arena was certainly a collection of perceptions of settlement within a country. Therefore, Human Rights Law cannot be separated from the main supporting factors which are the material of the countries that make the agreement.
How are Human Rights in the Concept of a State? A Review Book 'Negara Hukum dan Asasi Manusia', Dr. Bahder Johan Nasution, S.H., SM., M.Hum., CV Mandar Maju, Bandung, 2017, 286 pages, ISBN: 978-979-538-382-6
Authors: Pradana Floribertus Bujana Adi
Published: September 2021

For a long time, the issue of the state of law and human rights has always been debated among state legal experts and political thinkers. The purpose is to find an ideal concept about the state of law and the protection of human rights. However, for centuries, the concept of the state of law and the protection of human rights that are considered ideal has always been a debate. Moreover, so far there has been an impression that understanding human rights protection is superficially understood because it is only seen as mere moral guidelines. That understanding is wrong understanding because the understanding is not only on the moral order but also on the legal order. The facts show that, as a result of a superficial understanding of human rights, respect and also the enforcement of human rights are often not carried out properly as envisioned by a state of law. Based on this fact, this book has been compiled by referring to various literatures on constitutional law, political science and philosophy, which also describe the concept of the state of law and human rights, the concept of sovereignty and democracy, and the concepts of protection and the enforcement of human rights. Thus, the reader's understanding of the concept of the state of law and human rights can be understood in its entirety The understanding is not only in the concept of the state of law in legal formal way, but also in understanding more theoretical and philosophical concepts. Likewise, the understanding of human rights is also not only about conceptual understanding, but also understanding in the form of respect and protection of human rights implemented through the enforcement of human rights law.
Environment and Law, What Is the Indonesian Context? A Review Book 'Hukum Lingkungan Sebuah Pengantar untuk Konteks Indonesia', Prof. Dr. H. M. Hadin Muhjad, SH., M.Hum., PT Genta Publishing, Yogyakarta, 2015, 232 pages, ISBN: 978-602-1500-25-5
Authors: Lestari Berlian Putri Haryu
Published: September 2021

The environment consists of places or places, where there are various places of life such as the environment, natural environment, and others, in this book, explains that the environment is a place to live for the community, so do not be surprised if there are special requests or requests for the stability of nature. Direct Environment with nature, we can discuss the purpose of Environmental Law in this book because it has a language that is easily understood by every circumstance. In Chapter 1, this book explains about the Definition and Regulation of Environmental Law, What Is Environmental Law? According to this book, this proves that environmental law in a simple sense is the law that regulates the environmental order (Munadjat, 1980: 105). This book contains opinions about the term Environment that forms a new concept in Legal Science
How Legal Protection of Women in Home Workers Improving Family Welfare?
Authors: Sulistianingsih Dewi , Prabowo Muhammad Shidqon , Martitah Martitah
Published: September 2021

Homeworkers are work that is done at home either on the basis of orders from others or doing on the basis of oneself. This type of work is referred to as informal workers, which is clearly difficult to obtain legal protection. Labor laws in Indonesia provide legal protection for both formal and informal workers, but the practice for informal workers is difficult to obtain legal protection. This program aims to describe and analyze the legal protections of women homeworkers in Semarang City in their efforts to make their families prosperous. This program uses socialization methods, interviews, observation and documentation. This program is conducted in the city of Semarang. The results of this program can be seen that the protection of homeworkers is still very minimal, especially for independent homeworkers. The implementation of statutory regulations has not been optimal, especially in manpower laws. The government is still not optimal in providing legal protection for informal workers, especially for homeworkers. Low wages, long working hours and the absence of health insurance are among the elements that homeworkers need to improve and increase in their efforts to make their families welfare. In the effort to achieve welfare for homeworkers' families, it is necessary to carry out supervision and guidance for homeworkers. Supervision and guidance can be carried out by the central government, local governments, non-governmental organizations, the academic community, observers of labor.
Copyright Application for Students' Work at State Vocational High School 1 Demak Multimedia Majors
Authors: Kusmaningtyas Rindia Fanny , Rahayu Sang Ayu Putu , Hidayat Arif
Published: September 2021

High School (SMK) is one of the educational institutions responsible for creating human resources that have skills so that at the time of graduation can develop performance in the world of work. most vocational school students who take multimedia corner where currently have spawned creative works. The existence of Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright is very important for the existence of legal protection for the copyrighted works of SMK students in the multimedia field. Because of the importance of understanding copyright and its legal protection. The targets of this activity are students of SMK N 1 Demak majoring in Multimedia, which are expected to develop their potential in finding creative works and knowing their benefits and legal protection. The method used in overcoming problems regarding developing the potential of SMK students in creating creative works. So that SMK students know the legal protection and benefits of copyrighted works and understand things that can be categorized as copyright works, who has the right to be the copyright holder, and what actions can violate Rights in accordance with Law Number 28 of the Year 2014 concerning Copyright. The steps taken to address the issues described above are: (1) Development or socialization of copyright recognition; dan (2) Coaching in developing the potential of vocational school students in creating copyrighted works.
Brain versus Reality: How Should Law Students Think?
Authors: Widyawati Anis , Arifin Ridwan , Rasdi Rasdi
Published: September 2021

Law students are expected to have special abilities in the field of legal science, either in oral or oral. But in fact, the analytical skills of law students are not comparable to other abilities. Based on preliminary research conducted by the Proposer Team, it shows that out of 200 law students surveyed (Students of the Faculty of Law, Semarang State University), only 10 have written and conducted scientific publications in both national and international journals. Meanwhile, of the 200 people stated that students' critical abilities and analytical thinking are important, 184 people said that discussion forums are mandatory for law students, but in fact, of these 184 people, only 2 people followed up on the results of the discussion. . In other words, discussions conducted by students were not followed up in various forms of scientific studies and publications that could be read by many people. This program provides facilities for law students in in-depth critical analysis studies and criminal case studies related to human rights. In this program, students are expected to be able to have good analytical skills both in oral and verbal forms. Partners in this program are the law student community at Semarang State University. This program is expected to be able to solve partners' problems in the lack of critical analytical skills and case studies of criminal law as well as scientific publication of legal research results. The output of this program is expected to create a sustainable and sustainable activity related to critical analysis and legal case studies.
The Problematic of Disaster Management Law and Policy in Nigeria: A Study of Bayelsa State
Authors: Amede Ogochukwu Harrison , Ejumudo Kelly Bryan Ovie
Published: September 2021

The study examined the problem of disaster management in Nigeria using Bayelsa State as a case study. Four null hypotheses were raised and tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted the descriptive survey design and sample sizes of 300 adults were drawn from fifteen (15) affected communities in Bayelsa State. The instrument used for data collection was a disaster management questionnaire and the data were analyzed using chi-square. The finding of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between poor integrated policy and action plan as well as weak institutional capacity and collaboration of disaster management agencies and effectiveness of disaster management in Bayelsa State. The study clearly showed that there is a significant relationship between poor commitment and piece-meal approach by the multi-layered levels of government as well as poor stakeholdersâ€™ participation and synergy and effectiveness of disaster management in Bayelsa State. The study recommended among others that long-term monitoring and surveillance mechanism; continuous provision of infrastructure for the host communities by prospecting oil companies; adequate funding by governmental and non-governmental and the development of a national oil spill contingency plan should be adopted and deployed with an eye to guaranteeing sustainable development of the environment in the region.
Sterner Response toward Rape in line with Islamic Law: Special Reference to Pakistan
Authors: Shahid Shahzeb
Published: September 2021

This paper tends to examine the nature of rape crime under Islamic law in order to take sterner action against this crime in line with Islamic law. As the Holy Quran does not directly deal with rape crime, for this reason, there is a wide range of disagreement among jurists regarding the issue of rape crime. Rape is not a single dimension issue, therefore, this paper is meant to shed light on issues related to rape such as whether or not rape is a separate crime? When does sexual intercourse amount to rape? What does Islam prescribe punishment for a person who is coerced to commit rape? Does Islam permit abortion for raped women? Why marital rape does not exist in Islam? Whether rapists may be awarded the punishment of lashes, Imprisonment or death as tâ€˜azir or syasah?   This paper finds out what Zina (fornication) is under Islamic law because in Islamic jurisprudence only coerced Zina is regarded as rape. Thus, this paper is classifying rape in the same category as Zina. By classifying rape as a subset of Zina can only sort out the juridical issues that are emanating from coerced Zina. However, Some modern scholars put rape in a category of Hirabbah crime in order to circumvent the strict evidentiary procedure of Zina(fornication) crime. This paper depicts that there is no need to put rape in the domain of Hirabah because Islamic law permits the ruler or legislation to award punishment of lashes or death as Tazir or Syasah without waiting for the four pious Muslim male eye witness and inflicting Hadd of Qadaf(slander) to the complainant. Finally, this paper is exploring the options that may be taken in order to nip this crime in the bud.
Questioning the Customary Inheritance Law After Law No. 3 of 2006 about Religious Jurisdiction
Authors: Adhi Yuli Prasetyo , Triyono Triyono , Muhyidin Muhyidin
Published: September 2021

Customary inheritance dispute might occur when the heirs cannot reach agreement between divisions of property or during inheritance law point which will be used. Indonesia acknowledges 3 existing inheritance laws which are western civil inheritance law, Moslemâ€™s inheritance law, and customary inheritance law. Legal action of inheritance law is usually resolved by deliberation but if there is no agreement reached between these processes, therefore court mechanism can be used to make law suit and dispute resolution. UU No 3 of 2006 about religious jurisdiction is a legal product that is issued to provide improvement (Amendment) against UU No 7 of 1989 about religious jurisdiction. UU No 3 of 2006 is giving significant impact against the existence of custom inheritance law in Indonesia. Before this constitution is created, religious jurisdiction can accept customary inheritance disputes for Moslem people according to the criteria which have been stated in UU No 7 of 1989. Since UU No 3 of 2006 is created, therefore customary inheritance law, even though the heirs are Moslem, must follow the district court mechanism. This will provide increasingly narrow space for the existence of customary law in the future. This program is held in Pati, Central Java, where custom inheritance law still exists and is being used in Pati community. Dissemination and harmonization regarding customary law is important to maintain sustainability and existence of customary law in Indonesia.
The Problematic of Legislative Oversight in Nigeria: A Study of Delta State
Authors: Ejumudo Kelly Bryan Ovie , Ikenga Francis Ayegbunam
Published: September 2021

This study examines the problem of legislative oversight in Nigeria using Delta State as a case study. Four research questions were raised to guide the study and four null hypotheses were formulated for the study. The design of the study was a descriptive survey. The population of the study comprised 600 staff in the Delta State House of Assembly. The sample of the study consisted of 245 staff drawn from nine (9) departments using stratified and simple random techniques. The instrument used for data collection was the legislative oversight questionnaire and the collated data were analyzed using mean rating and chi-square. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between politics of trade-off and pay-off between the legislators and the executive as well as poor commitment to oversight functions by the legislators and legislative oversight in Delta State. The study equally showed that there is a significant relationship between the culture of corruption as well as perceptual legislative subservience to the executive and legislative oversight in Delta State. The study recommended that that the legislature in Nigeria, particularly in Delta State, should be truly independent rather than operate and seen as a subservient extension of the executive arm of government, a new culture that is void of the politics of trade-off and pay-off between the legislature and the executive, as well as corruption, should be established.
How Do the Poor Get the Justice They Deserve? Study of the Legal Aid Law in Indonesia
Authors: Faza Muhammad Irfan
Published: September 2021

Indonesia is a country that respects and upholds human rights. All Indonesian people have the same rights when confronted with the law. They have the same position and should not be discriminated against. economically disadvantaged people find it difficult to obtain a legal position. To examine this problem, the authors use the approach used is an approach using legal science and social science called the socio-legal approach. The poor who are experiencing legal problems has the right to get the same treatment as others. They are entitled to get assistance from advocates. The guarantee of the community to achieve justice can be interpreted as equal rights to obtain, use and benefit from the judicial process obtained through the courts or through informal mechanisms. Providing legal assistance to the poor does not always run smoothly, there must be obstacles that prevent it. However, despite experiencing obstacles in providing legal aid in Indonesia, it can already be said to be effective, proven by the many legal cases that use legal assistance without the need for the poor to pay.
Legal Aid in Indonesia: Problems and Challenges
Authors: Gustaf Muhammad Akbar Maulana
Published: September 2021

In the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 28D Paragraph (1), it is stated that "Everyone has the right to recognition, guarantee, protection and legal certainty that is just and equal treatment before the law." Legal aid is legal services provided by legal aid providers free of charge to legal aid recipients, namely people or groups of poor people to obtain justice. Legal Aid Providers are legal aid organizations or social organizations that provide Legal Aid services based on Law no. 16 of 2011 concerning Legal Aid. With free legal assistance, people who are unable, in this case at the economic level, who are involved in the judicial process will receive relief from obtaining legal advisors so that their rights can be protected and the judicial process can proceed properly.
Juvenile, Prisons, and Justice: How Do Correctional Agencies Provide Legal Assistance for Children in Conflict with The Law?
Authors: Anwar Syaiful , Galih Mardella
Published: September 2021

The Juvenile Justice System in Indonesia has a special feature where a child facing the law in criminal justice must receive special protection by law enforcers. One of them is the Correctional Center which has an important role in providing input from the police, prosecutors and courts as a form of realization of the protection of children's rights. Children who are included in the group whose rules are in the national and international human rights instruments must receive special protection by providing legal assistance and the state must be responsible for the fulfillment of these special rights. The issues raised in this paper are: What is meant by children dealing with the law and what is the form of legal assistance by correctional institutions (BAPAS) for children dealing with the law. The method used in writing this paper is descriptive qualitative analysis using primary legal material data, secondary legal materials, and other literature study materials.
Implementation of Legal Aid for the Poor as a Form of Practicing Pancasila Values
Authors: Amin Choerul
Published: September 2021

Provision of Legal Aid is one of the ways the state can achieve access to law and justice for poor people in accordance with what has been mandated by the constitution. The principle of equality before the law in the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) and Article 27 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution tries to be realized by the state with this legal assistance so that the poor will experience justice in law enforcement in Indonesia. Justice is the right of all Indonesian people. Justice can be obtained by all people, this is contained in the Pancasila Values â€‹â€‹especially in the 5th (five) precepts which read "Social Justice for All of Indonesia". For the poor who experience legal problems in the form of injustice, they can request legal assistance from legal aid institutions that are regulated in legislation. The purpose of providing legal aid is to guarantee and fulfill the right for Legal Aid Recipients to gain access to justice, to realize the constitutional rights of all citizens in accordance with the principle of equality in law, to ensure the certainty that the implementation of Legal Aid is carried out equally across the territory of the Republic of Indonesia, and to create an effective, efficient and accountable court. The community's right to get free legal assistance (pro-bono) is regulated in Law No. 16 of 2011 concerning Legal Aid. This law regulates the communities receiving legal assistance, grants, and funding as well as legal aid mechanisms.
Access to Justice and Fair for the Poor: How Effective the Legal Aid Provided by Government?
Authors: Setiawan Dani
Published: September 2021

Providing legal assistance to the poor continues by the government to realize legal access and justice for all levels of society. Several regulations regarding legal aid have been issued by the state through the law and implementing regulations, but the fact is that the provision of legal aid is not yet effective. This causes a lack of access to law and justice for the poor. The effectiveness of providing legal aid by the government needs to be assessed to see how effective the legal aid program provided by the government is to realize legal access and justice for the poor. Therefore, criticism and advice should be given to the government in order to optimize legal assistance in order to achieve legal access and justice for all levels of society.
Legal Aid by the State as a Constitutional Right of the Poor: Problems and Challenges in Indonesia
Authors: Wibowo Ari , Bangun Michael Hagana
Published: September 2021

The provision of legal aid is one way to realize access to law and justice for the poor people provided by the state on the mandate of the constitution. Several regulations regarding legal aid have been issued by the state through the Act and its implementing regulations as well as from the Supreme Court or the Constitutional Court through the Supreme Court Regulations and the Constitutional Court's decisions. Legal aid is the constitutional right of every citizen to guarantee legal protection and guarantee equality before the law stipulated in Law Number 16 of 2011, the State is responsible for recognizing and protecting the human rights of every individual without differing backgrounds so that everyone has the right to be treated equally before the law is contained in Article 28D of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. For the poor who experience legal problems in the form of injustice, they can request legal assistance from legal aid institutions that are regulated in legislation. The purpose of providing legal aid is to guarantee and fulfill the right for Legal Aid Recipients to gain access to justice, to realize the constitutional rights of all citizens in accordance with the principle of equality in law, to ensure the certainty that the implementation of Legal Aid is carried out equally across the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. , and to create an effective, efficient and accountable court.
Equality before the Law Principle in the Implementation of Legal Aid in Indonesia
Authors: Bramantara Rezal Helwin
Published: September 2021

Legal aid is a legal service provided to the beneficiaries of legal aid according to Law No. 18 of 2003 on Advocates. Considering there are still many people who do not understand that in Indonesia there is also legal aid provided by lawyers at no cost. The ineffectiveness of the application in providing legal aid in Indonesia is a legal issue that is interesting to study more in order to determine the main problems causing lack of effectiveness in the provision of legal aid in Indonesia, which will look for solutions from an idea into a formulation as optimization of legal aid in Indonesia. The issue will be seeking legal issues in the implementation of judicial assistance and formulation of how the application of legal aid may be optimized. This article reviews the development of legal aid as legal services provided by lawyers to people who are not able to freely in Indonesia.
The Existence of Legal Aid Institutions in Providing Legal Aid Amidst COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Amrullah Heru Pratama Adnan
Published: September 2021

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) which hit Indonesia made a variety of legal cases that hit many parties like the case regarding the termination of employment relations unilaterally, protection against workers, the cancellation of cooperation contracts, the community accused of spreading the COVID 19 Virus until patients who were unable to pay medical expenses at the hospitality. To date, there have been no legal aid agencies that provide legal assistance on the various cases, even though they can be taken provide legal assistance, but also many things that affect legal assistance to be applied if legal assistance through the media and or legal assistance directly is carried out as constrains because of the existence of COVID 19 itself which makes all that must participate in handling COVID 19 namely be accepting social distances and other policies, reports of people who need very minimal legal assistance and the lack of information about legal assistance.
Legal Aid for the Victims of Domestic Violence: Problems and Challenges
Authors: Wicaksono Sonny Saptoajie , Soebiakto Gabrielle Poetri , Arifin Ridwan
Published: September 2021

The number of domestic violence from year to year continues to increase. Many studies show that the increasing trend is motivated by many factors, one of which is the economy. This study aims to analyze the provision of legal aid for victims of domestic violence. This research is one of the community services programs in collaboration with the Center for Legal Aid, Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang. This study shows that access to legal aid for victims of domestic violence has not been evenly distributed. This is due to several factors, ranging from not being exposed to cases of domestic violence, to the lack of information on legal aid for victims.
Legal Assistance of Government Law Office in the Procurement of Goods and Services
Authors: Susilo Susilo , Utama Muhamad Adji Rahardian , Rajagukguk Anita Carolina
Published: September 2021

Procurement of goods/services is an activity to obtain goods/services by other Ministries/Institutions/Regional Work Units/Institutions whose process starts from planning needs to completion of all activities to obtain goods/services. The goods/service procurement activities are financed by the APBN/APBD, either carried out independently or by goods/service providers. The procurement of goods/services is essentially an attempt by the user to obtain or realize the goods/services it needs, by using certain methods and processes in order to reach an agreement on specifications, prices, time, and other agreements. The President of the Republic of Indonesia, in the process of dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic, has given instructions that were forwarded to the Deputy Attorney General for Civil and State Administration through circular number SE-02/G/Gs.2/04/2020 to carry out the stages quickly, precisely, focus integrated and synergistic among Ministries, institutions and local governments in the process of procuring goods and services. In the procurement process in an emergency, there are at least four important phases, namely planning, implementing, settling payments, and auditing. One of the duties and functions of the Junior Attorney General for Civil and State Administration is Legal Considerations consisting of Legal Opinion, Legal Assistance, and Legal Audit. Legal Assistance is a legal service provided by the State Attorney in the form of a legal opinion on an ongoing basis on an activity proposed by the Petitioner and ends with a conclusion on the provision of such Legal Opinion in the form of Legal Assistance Official Report.