bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of the somatostatin analogue octreotide for the conservative management of symptomatic cholecystocolonic fistula: a case report
Authors: Kong CY , Glen P
Published: October 2018

An 84-year-old woman presented with acute worsening of diarrhoea for a few weeks, with a background of chronic diarrhoea over the past 12 months accompanied by weight loss. Computed tomography during this admission revealed air in the biliary tree and resolution of gallstones in keeping with a cholecystocolonic fistula. Owing to her comorbidities, surgical management was deemed not to be the best option. She was trialled on octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, which effectively resolved her symptoms. This case presents an effective and novel method of managing cholecystocolonic fistulas conservatively in a patient where medical therapy is the ceiling of care.
Severed images: Women, the Algerian War of Independence and the mobile documentary idea
Authors: Wilson Siona
Published: October 2018

During the Algerian War of Independence (1954–62), conflicts over the meaning of appearances, particularly in relation to the bodies of Algerian women, were a major locus for political conflict, subterfuge and violence. As demonstrated in the most famous representation of the war, Gillo Pontecorvo’s widely celebrated film La bataille d’Alger (Pontecorvo, 1966), the strategic use of the veil and of unveiling was the mechanism that produced the Algerian woman as insurgent. What the eyes (or camera) saw was not always to be believed and nor was visual appearance akin, in any straightforward way, to truth. Drawing on key historical examples, including La bataille d’Alger, Marc Garanger’s Femmes algériennes 1960 (1960) and Assia Djebar’s 1979 essay ‘Regard interdit, son coupé’, as well as Zineb Sedira’s contemporary film installation Gardiennes d’images (2010), this article proposes a theory of the documentary image in light of the political complexities over vision and appearance that have continued to haunt the historical representation of Algerian women. Placing an emphasis on the circulation of images and the mobility of meaning, the argument stresses communities of political belief rather than visual truth in establishing documentary meaning.
The Algerian Revolution, the French state and the colonial counter-revolutionary strategy of the Holy Republic
Authors: Nadi Selim
Published: October 2018

This article takes a materialist approach to the so-called ‘memory war’ over France’s colonial past especially the Algerian War of Independence, and its continuity in the present. It attempts to reinsert the ‘memory war’ within the larger context of the institutional materiality of French neo-colonial racism, in both its ideological and repressive modalities. By focusing on three specific aspects of the neo-colonial organization of the French state, the permanent state of emergency, the spatial organization of neo-colonial racism in France, and the politicization of the new French indigènes, this article argues that one cannot understand France’s Algerian past may not necessarily be understood through a debate over French ‘repentance’, and nor could today’s racism be understood solely as ‘ideological’ (in the commonplace sense of this term). It aims to show how French colonialism in Algeria, and the handling of the Algerian Revolution by the French state, have shaped the French state and its control of non-white people living in France today.
Internet television at the local level: Challenges in regulating online media
Authors: Martori Muntsant Aida
Published: October 2018

In a context of globalization of media landscape where big players provide content worldwide, broadcasters that cover topics related to local areas are still necessary. Due to the limitation of licenses in conventional television (such as digital terrestrial television), the denial of distribution platforms to local channels (as is the case of Movistar+ in Spain) and the aim of local channels to be in the digital sphere, one can find many local stations broadcasting online. The goal of this article is to point out the phenomenon of Internet television at the local level, and to explain the opportunity to regulate them like local television channels. The Catalan case, in Spain, will be presented as a paradigmatic example with a long tradition of local television, where more than twenty broadcasters turn to Internet due to the lack of entry barriers to online television market.
The digital notion of the citizen-centred media ecosystem
Authors: Raycheva Lilia
Published: October 2018

The technology breakthrough in fields such as artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things, 3D printing, etc. pose significant challenges to the contemporary media (traditional and social) and information ecosystem. Using PEST analysis, this article examines the political, economic, social and technological aspects of the demographic and literacy trends and disruptions in the media and communication ecosystem (based on digital practices in Bulgaria). The article concentrates on the political and regulatory commitment to fundamental values when developing new trajectories in the domains of technology, business and governance; the transformation of the business models for meeting customers’ expectations for personalized interaction at all points of their consumer experience; the scaling up of citizen-centred technologies as phenomenal opportunities for human progress, which also create serious societal challenges; and the impact of technological developments on society.
Don’t touch my megahertz! Planning the Second Digital Dividend in Spain amid the battle between telecoms, OTTs and DTT players
Authors: Villarrubia Marta Albújar
Published: October 2018

This article reviews the current European legislation and the Spanish government’s plans for the implementation of the Second Digital Dividend in Spain. Its main objectives are to compare the spectrum optimization process in other European states and to analyse what are the technical, political, economic and social implications of the whole process for the Spanish audio-visual services and for the actors involved in the process.
Book Reviews
Authors: Jontes Dejan , Halskov Andreas , Samuels Rob
Published: October 2018

Para-Interactivity and the Appeal of Television in the Digital Age, Oranit Klein Shagrir (2017)

London: Lexington Books, 111 pp.,

ISBN: 978-1-49854-080-3, h/bk, £54.95

TV Outside the Box: Trailblazing in the Digital Television Revolution, Neil Landau (2016)

New York: Focal Press, 456 pp.,

ISBN: 978-1-31743-971-4, p/bk, £24.00 h/bk, £91.72

Television 2.0: Viewer and Fan Engagement with Digital TV, Rhiannon Bury (2018)

New York: Peter Lang, 147 pp.,

ISBN: 978-1-43313-852-2, p/bk, $47.95
The Heaviness of Light
Authors: Tisselli Eugenio
Published: October 2018

This text explores the material implications of electronic reading and writing in the Anthropocene. It does so by briefly examining the consequences that the production and usage of electronic devices has on ecosystems and social contexts. Different perspectives on how a reader or writer may deal with the negative effects of sociotechnical systems are offered: restraint, pharmacological awareness and togetherness. Such perspectives can be transformed into reading and writing tools for the Anthropocene that may allow readers and writers of electronic literature to integrate the notion of an extended community, that is, an intimate and paradoxical complicity with nearby and remote humans and non-humans, and invite them into the digital text.
Intimate Fields: A Kit for E-Literature
Authors: Simon Margaret , Burgess Helen J.
Published: October 2018

This paper discusses the development of Intimate Fields, an installation work that brings together “near field” technologies from markedly different eras to argue that secrecy, absence, and distance are constituting features of felt human intimacy. Looking back to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, our project expands to digital technologies the concept of “the posy” and the practice of its creation and dissemination. Posies are short poems designed to be inscribed on gifted objects, most frequently rings. These bespoke accessories are meant to be worn on the body and to signify or transact amorous relations, act as memento mori, or even enable private and subversive modes of religious devotion. Posies and their objects were widely held to act as reminders of intimacy or as portals to memory. At the same time, the inscriptions themselves, particularly on courtship rings, are often generic and were collected and published in printed books for use and adaptation. By inter-animating today’s methods of near field communication and early modern wearables, this project explores how text and code technologies and the languages they carry can create, interrupt, or re-shape interpersonal connection.
Poetic Publications Authored with Free Software Managana
Authors: Garcia Álvaro Andrade , Junqueira Lucas Santos
Published: October 2018

In the Ciclope atelier, what moves us is the creation of new languages for the digital medium. In this text I present a synthesis of our research and experimentation work: a free digital publishing software called Managana; the first poetry eBook authored with it, Grão [Grain], launched along with the software in 2012; and our latest release, Poemas de Brinquedo [Toy Poems], launched in 2016. Grain and Toy Poems are good examples of publications that use Managana. Resulting from prolonged research in dictionaries and linguistics’ texts, etymology and mythology, Grain proposes to recreate the world through the word. Its poems experiment the evolution of James Joyce’s verbivocovisual to the possible interanimaverbivocovisual in a digital publication. The application-book-performanceToy Poems is a publication that addresses the possibilities and difficulties of today’s transmedia poiesis.
Recording Orality: Vocalization as Ephemerality, Materialization and Meaning
Authors: Nacher Anna
Published: October 2018

In my paper, I aim at exploring specific materializations of ephemerality and meaning through the recording of vocal expression. A case study is supplied by joik and joiking, a traditional form of singing by the Sami people of northern Scandinavia and Kola Peninsula. Believed to be one of the oldest music traditions of Europe, joik is not so much a way of “singing about” as it is rather the form of embodying a landscape, a person or an animal through vocally evoking their most specific characteristics thus binding the performer and his/her environment (both in terms of that which particular song is referring to and the immediate situation of the performance where the joiker relies on the ability of the audience to decipher the meaning). A focus on the particular joik, Renhjorden på Oulavuolie (Reindeers from Oulavuolie) by Nils Mattias Andersson shows the specificity of recorded vocalization as the practice of ambivalent materialization of meaning — elusive yet tangible enough to let the audience grasp the sense of place.
Inanimate Alice: The Story of the Series and its Impact in Portugal
Authors: Machado Ana Maria , Campbell Andy , Harper Ian , Albuquerque e Aguilar Ana , Oliveira António
Published: October 2018

A team from the University of Coimbra is partnering with the producers of Inanimate Alice to present a distinctive vision of interactive storytelling in education. In this article, we will discuss the origins of the series, the vision of the creators and how technological developments have added to the user experience. Uniquely, this transmedia narrative demonstrates the progressive complexity of life in the digital age with Perpetual Nomads, the latest adventure, providing a narrative experience in Virtual Reality. The goal of the Portuguese translation is to introduce the reading of Inanimate Alice in elementary and secondary schools. It will be the first digital-born text to be read in Portuguese schools so, concurrently, we have been translating the pedagogical guidelines. Consequently, we intend presenting both the results of our work and the main challenges faced during preparation of the translations, especially focusing on intercultural analysis.
Ordeno y mando: los gobernadores militares de frontera en la Extremadura de la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII
Authors: Pons Ferrández José Manuel
Published: October 2018

La victoria borbónica en la Guerra de Sucesión Española (1701-1714) agudizó el proceso de centralización institucional. Esta política se tradujo en la militarización de la administración territorial y, por ende, de las plazas fronterizas del Reino. Para la consecución de este propósito, la monarquía situó al frente de los diferentes gobiernos a oficiales del Ejército y, en este contexto, las tierras extremeñas estuvieron sujetas a este proceso desde el inicio del siglo XVIII a causa de su proximidad con la Raya portuguesa.
Revisitando la Reforma protestante (1517-2017): Ética, economía política y liberalismo
Authors: Ocampo Suárez-Valdés Joaquin Carlos
Published: October 2018

Este artículo ofrece argumentos que avalan la contribución de la Reforma protestante al fortalecimiento del capitalismo y a la emergencia del Estado liberal. Historiadores y economistas reconocen que los factores tangibles —localización, clima, dotación natural de recursos…— son condición necesaria pero no suficiente para explicar el crecimiento económico. En el largo plazo, la cosmovisión filosófico-religiosa de cada sociedad y su plasmación institucional han resultado determinantes. En este sentido, el puritanismo —sirviéndose en muchos casos del acervo doctrinal de la Escolástica—, al reformular las relaciones entre Iglesia, Estado y sociedad civil, alumbrará la filosofía moral y política del constitucionalismo liberal. Del mismo modo, a la sombra de la Royal Society y al dotar a la experimentación de carácter casi religioso, despejará el camino hacia la «revolución científica» y la nueva economía política.
El sufrimiento de la violencia doméstica y el convento como espacio de libertad: El caso de sor Ángela Serafina
Authors: Alabrús Iglesias Rosa Maria
Published: October 2018

En este artículo se estudia la vida de sor Ángela Serafina, monja capuchina catalana que vivió en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI. Se analiza su experiencia vital de malos tratos recibidos por parte de su marido. Viuda, con hijos, decidió entrar en el convento donde llevó una vida ejemplar y fue considerada santa en vida. Su proceso de beatificación, iniciado inmediatamente después de su muerte, y reabierto varias veces (la última en el marco de la Semana Trágica de Barcelona) nunca prosperó. Se exploran las razones que impidieron que esta mujer llegara a culminar su carrera hacia la santidad.
Learning Design for Student Retention
Authors: Weller Martin , Van Ameijde Jitse , Cross Simon
Published: October 2018

Student retention is an issue of increasing interest to higher education institutions, educators and students. Much of the work in this area focuses on identifying and improving interventions that occur during the presentation of a course. This paper suggests that these represent only one set of factors that can influence student withdrawal, and equally important are design based factors that can aid retention throughout the course. The main research question addressed by the paper is what design-related factors impact on student retention. An analysis of student withdrawal at the UK Open University conducted by the researchers produced a synthesis of seven key factors in the design phase that can influence retention. These factors have been given the ICEBERG acronym: Integrated, Collaborative, Engaging, Balanced, Economical, Reflective and Gradual. Examples of how these factors can be implemented are provided, and conclusions focus on how the model has been embedded in the module production process at the Open University.
What Question? Enabling Dialogue Between Students and their Teachers
Authors: Wood Anna Katherine , Anderson Paul , Macleod Hamish , Patterson Jessie , Sinclair Chrstine
Published: October 2018

Conversations between academics and students play a central part in teaching and learning at university level and effective dialogues are key to academic success. An essential feature of these dialogues is the question which triggers the interaction. However, we note that students are often reluctant to ask questions and that teachers and students sometimes talk at cross-purposes. The aim of this project was to explore, through semi-structured interviews, what happens in dialogues between teachers and students in learning contexts. Our initial results give insights into the barriers to effective dialogue, the conditions that promote dialogues as well as the strategies that can be employed by teachers and students to encourage good dialogues.
Keanekaragaman Budaya Menjadi Basis Pembelajaran BIPA
Authors: Mussaif Moh. Muzakka
Published: October 2018

Learning of BIPA in Indonesia most still use conventional ways, i.e. still competency-based aspects of the competence of the language plus the introduction of the culture of Indonesia. Learning is thus deemed less effective and boring because each teacher just reachs appropriate syllabus target competencies. To solve the issue is needed learning of BIPA integrative methods. Although a teacher only tasked to teach one of several aspects of linguistic competence, but if using this method of integrative learning will accelerate mastery of the language of Indonesia while its culture for learners. Such learning methods can be carried out with thematic learning-based material culture.
Sifat Pragmatis Partikel Lah dalam Kalimat Perintah
Authors: Setyadi Ary
Published: October 2018

The study of the use of particles “lah” in command phrases in some references is always "claimed" is the result of linguistic (theory) application, the field of syntax. Actually, the  results of the existing study is in line with the application of (theory) pragmatic, because it has been determined on the “lah” function/role in the sentence. Therefore, the objectives addressed in this article are: trying to prove that the results of an existing study are implicitly a pragmatic (theory) application. Such proof has never been done, so it is interesting to discuss.The application of the review method departs on the linguistic research implementation, which is fundamental to three strategic stages: data provision, data classification and analysis, and report preparation.The evidence of the result of an existing study implicitly by applying (theory) pragmatics, the presence of  “lah” particles in the sentence is said to function / act as: 1. affirmation, 2. refiners, 3. focusing, 4. politeness, and 5. topikalisasi (command sentence).
Penyusunan Kalimat Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Darma Siswa Universitas Diponegoro
Authors: Astuti Sri Puji
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe purpose of darma students come to Indonesia was to learn the language and culture of Indonesia. In the context of Indonesian disrup students of darma students are still experiencing difficulties because Indonesian is a foreign language for them. The purpose of this research is to describe the error of composing sentence of darma students of Diponegoro University in 2017. Samples taken in this research was darma students. This research focuses on language errors, especially writing skills. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data source of this research is the writings of advanced students of Diponegoro University in 2017. Data collection used purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted by identifying sentence errors and then classifies by mistake. The result of the research showed that the errors found are the use of affixes, the use of conjunctions and prepositions, the arrangement of sentences is too long, the sentence structure is incomplete, the improper use of diction, the errors of spelling, and the use of the word redundant.IntisariTujuan mahasiswa darma siswa datang ke Indonesia yaitu belajar bahasa dan budaya Indonesia. Dalam mempelajari bahasa Indonesia diduga mahasiswa darma siswa masih megalami kesulitan karena bahasa Indonesia merupakan bahasa asing bagi mereka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan kesalahan penyusunan kalimat  mahasiswa darma siswa Universitas Diponegoro tahun 2017. Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini mahasiswa darma siswa tingkat lanjut. Penelitian ini memfoluskan  pada kesalahan berbahasa terutama keterampilan menulis. Penelitian ini merupakan  penelitian  deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini berupa tulisan mahasiswa darma siswa Universitas Diponegoro tingkat lanjut tahun 2017. Pengambilan data menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi kesalahan kalimat kemudian mengklasifikasikan berdasarkan kesalahanmya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa kesalahan yang ditemukan yaitu kesalahan pemakaian afiks, pemakaian konjungsi dan preposisi, susunan kalimat terlalu panjang, struktur kalimat tidak lengkap, pemakaian diksi yang kurang tepat, kesalahan pemakaian  ejaan, dan pemakaian kata mubazir
Korespondesi Bunyi Bahasa Aceh dan Bahasa Gayo
Authors: Tiani Riris
Published: October 2018

AbstractAcehnese and Gayonese belong to Austronesian languages which are cognate genetically. Adjacent location became the basis for the assumption that both language are related one of the linguistic kinship indicators described in comparative historical linguistic studies in occurrence of sound changes that occur regularly. The two languages show similar specific features. One of them is a phenomenon of sound changes that is called a phonemic correspondence. The sound changes in the two languages happen continuously. In this paper, the writer wants to prove the cognate phenomenon by using a comparative analysis, especially by applying a phonemic correspondence technique. Based on similarities in form and correspondence phonemes technique, it was found that the formula of the phonemic correspondence in Acehnese and Gayonese are:  *a and *u> in phonemic correspondence /a~e/, /a~o/, /o~u/, and /e~u/ especially on position penultima bilabial, palatal, dorsovelar, and faringal.IntisariBahasa Aceh dan bahasa Gayo merupakan bahasa Austronesia yang secara genetis bersifat kognat. Letak yang berdekatan menjadi dasar asumsi kedua bahasa tersebut kekerabatan. Salah satu indikator kekerabatan bahasa yang dijelaskan dalam kajian linguistic historis komparatif yakni adanya perubahan bunyi bahasa  yang terjadi secara teratur.  Hal ini ditunjukan oleh okurensi perubahan bunyi yang disebut korespondensi fonemis. Perubahan bunyi bahasa Aceh dan bahasa Gayo terjadi secara konstan dan teratur pada setiap segmen dari glos yang dibandingkan. Berdasar pada kesamaan bentuk dan makna,  dengan menggunakan teknik korespondensi fonemis, diperoleh  formula korespondensi fonemis dalam bahasa Aceh dan bahasa Gayo sebagai berikut: *a dan *u > memiliki korespondensi fonemis /a~e/, /a~o/, /o~u/, dan  /e~u/ terutama pada posisi penultima bilabial, palatal, dorsovelar, dan faringal.
Metaforis dalam Lirik Lagu Populer Bertemakan Percintaan
Authors: Hermintoyo Muhamad
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe lyrics of the song are like the poetry of an aesthetic element that builds them as intrinsic elements, such as diction, rhyme, images and rhetorical means. In the hands of creative authors will create an interesting private diction diction and bring up beautiful metaphors. Song lyrics are created based on the author's emotional expression both from personal experience and see around him as the object of his creation. One of the most widely made is the lyrics of the song with the theme of romance, both ranging from approach / introduction, romantic seduction to the sadness left by her lover. This article discusses the metaphorical phrases in the lyrics of popular songs with the study of aesthetics, the elements that build the lyrics and their meaning. IntisariLirik lagu tak ubahnya seperti puisi ada unsur estetis yang membangunnya berupa  unsur intrinsiknya, seperti diksi, rima , imaji dan sarana retorika. Di tangan pengarang yang kreatif akan memunculkan diksi private symbol yang menarik dan memunculkan metafor-metafor yang indah. Lirik lagu diciptakan berdasar ekspresi emosional pengarangnya  baik dari pengalaman pribadi maupun melihat di sekitarnya sebagai objek penciptaannya. Salah satu yang paling banyak dibuat adalah lirik lagu yang bertemakan percintaan, baik mulai dari pendekatan/pengenalan, rayuan romantisnya sampai pada kesedihan ditinggal kekasihnya. Artikel ini membahas kalimat-kalimat metaforis dalam lirik lagu populer dengan kajian estetikanya, yaitu unsur yang membangun lirik dan maknanya.
Sebuah Usaha Mencari Kasih Sayang: Kajian Semiotika dan Struktur Narasi Cerpen “Ketika Gerimis Jatuh” Karya Sapardi Djoko Damono
Authors: Umam Khothibul
Published: October 2018

This study aims to examine the short story "Ketika Gerimis Jatuh" by Sapardi Djoko Damono. The method used in this research is by the approach of narrative structure and semiotics. Semiotic study with a focus on syntagmatic and paradigmatic analysis can describe the relationship of Rini, gerimis (drizzle), and his family. With a focus on syntagmatic and paradigmatic analysis can be found criticism of the modern lifestyle of parenting in children.
Pengelolaan Kesenian Dayakan Desa Kebondalem Bejen Temanggung Sebagai Bagian Dari Upaya Revitalisasi Kesenian Tradisional
Authors: Retno Martini Laura Andri
Published: October 2018

Traditional art is used to express a sense of beauty from within the human soul. As part of culture, traditional art has messages in the form of knowledge, ideas, beliefs and norm values. One example of traditional art is Dayakan. Dayakan is a dance-shaped art owned by the people of Kebondalem Village, Bejen District, Temanggung Regency, Central Java. Through a qualitative descriptive approach with observation and literature techniques, it was found that in order to overcome the expansion of global art and culture, efforts were needed to manage Dayakan arts in order to improve and preserve regional art and culture in the midst of changing times and increasingly intense foreign cultural influences in Indonesia.
KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA PERIKANAN
Authors: Widarmanto Nanang
Published: October 2018

Indonesia has large potential fishery resources, both marine fisheries and inland public waters. The potential of existing fishing is expected to have an impact on the people’s beneficiaries. However its resources are open access and common property without the accompaniment surveillance which tends to encourage people at maximum utilization patterns and unsustainable. One approach to resource management effort, which is quite effective is the power of local construction. This paper aims to find out the various models of local construction in the management of fishery resources, especially in public waters. The writing method uses the desk or literature study. The study shows that the implementation of community-based management model is proven to deliver results quite effective and efficient. Management efficiency, which reduces conflict of fishermen and the sustainability of the resource is obtained from the management model based on local wisdom, which puts public participation as a key indicator in the implementation of resource management.
SISTEM SOSIAL-BUDAYA PANTAI: Mata Pencaharian Nelayan dan Pengolah Ikan di Kelurahan Panggung Kecamatan Tegal Timur Kota Tegal
Authors: Septiana Shinta
Published: October 2018

Panggung is located in Tegal City, a coastal village whose heterogeneous social structure, with a high work ethic, strong social solidarity, open to change and with closed social interactions. The livelihood system of this community is heterogeneous which evolve from traditional to modern types of work, including traditional fishing by local fishermen and fish processed food for commercial purpose by local house wives. Fishermen and local families not only sell raw fish but also produce a household scale of processed products so that the local livelihood system experiences and develops not only traditional fishing but also the business of processed fish products of household scale.
Progressive Workload Periodization Maximizes Effects of Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Muscle Injury Risk Factors
Authors: Severo-Silveira Lucas , Dornelles Maurício P. , Lima-e-Silva Felipe X. , Marchiori César L. , Medeiros Thales M. , Pappas Evangelos , Baroni Bruno M.
Published: October 2018

Severo-Silveira, L, Dornelles, MP, Lima-e-Silva, FX, Marchiori, CL, Medeiros, TM, Pappas, E, and Baroni, BM. Progressive workload periodization maximizes effects of Nordic hamstring exercise on muscle injury risk factors. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1006–1013, 2021—This study aimed to investigate the effect of 2 different Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) training programs (constant workload vs. progressive workload) on multiple risk factors for hamstring strain injury in high competitive level athletes. Twenty-one premier league rugby union players (∼26 years) were randomized into 1 of 2 experimental groups and completed an 8-week NHE training program: constant training group (CTG) or progressive training group (PTG). Knee flexor/extensor strength and biceps femoris long head (BFLH) muscle architecture were assessed through isokinetic dynamometry and ultrasonography, respectively, before and after the training programs. Increased hamstring concentric (Δ = 8%, p = 0.004, d = 0.42) and eccentric (Δ = 7%, p = 0.041, d = 0.39) peak torques, as well as H:Q conventional (Δ = 7%, p = 0.015, d = 0.54) and functional (Δ = 6%, p = 0.026, d = 0.62) ratios were observed in the follow-up compared with baseline for the PTG group only. Nordic hamstring exercise training significantly increased BFLH muscle thickness (CTG: Δ = 7%, p = 0.001, d = 0.60; PTG: Δ = 7%, p < 0.001, d = 0.54) and fascicle length (CTG: Δ = 8%, p < 0.001, d = 0.29; PTG: Δ = 10%, p < 0.001, d = 0.35) in both groups. Training adaptations on hamstring peak torque (concentric and eccentric) and H:Q ratio (conventional and functional) “likely favor” PTG, whereas changes in BFLH fascicle length “possibly favor” PTG. In conclusion, only PTG enhanced hamstring strength; both NHE training programs increased BFLH muscle thickness and fascicle length, but progressive training generated greater changes on fascicle length than constant training. Medical/coaching staff should be aware that NHE with adequate training periodization with workload progression to maximize its benefits.
Effects of the Safety Squat Bar on Trunk and Lower-Body Mechanics During a Back Squat
Authors: Hecker Kara A. , Carlson Lara A. , Lawrence Michael A.
Published: October 2018

Hecker, KA, Carlson, LA, and Lawrence, MA. Effects of the safety squat bar on trunk and lower-body mechanics during a back squat. J Strength Cond Res 33(7S): S45–S51, 2019—The purpose of this study was to determine whether the safety squat bar (SSB) alters the mechanics and muscle activity of a back squat compared with a standard barbell (ST). Motion and muscle activation of the trunk and lower extremity were measured while 12 competitive powerlifters (8 males, 4 females, age 31.5 ± 6.3 years, body mass 88.1 ± 20.7 kg, competitive lifting experience 3.3 ± 2.8 years) squatted 3 sets of 5 repetitions at 75% of their 3 repetition maximum (3RM). Mean muscle activity and peak joint flexion angles were measured for the trunk and one lower extremity. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (p = 0.05) revealed an 11.3% decrease in 3RM when using the SSB. When using the SSB, there was a decrease in trunk and hip flexion (7.3 and 5.7° respectively) and a 50.3% increase in lower trapezius activation. However, using the SSB decreased activation of the rectus abdominis (46.3%), medial hamstring (17.1%), lateral hamstring (15.1%), vastus lateralis (9.3%), and medial gastrocnemius (18.8%). Squatting with the SSB resulted in a more upright trunk angle, which places less stress on the lower back, a commonly injured area when squatting. Decreases in lower-extremity muscle activation are likely due to the decreased load used, suggesting that the SSB may not be as effective as a standard bar to increase lower-extremity strength. However, the increase in the lower trapezius with the lighter load suggests that midback musculature may be challenged more by the SSB than a standard barbell.
Strategies for One Dimensional (1D) Compression Testing of Large-Particle-Sized Tire Derived Aggregate
Authors: Adesokan Doyin , Fleming Ian , Hammerlindl Adam , McDougall John
Published: October 2018

Laboratory testing of a mass of large-particle-sized tire derived aggregate (TDA) to assess performance-related properties such as void ratio, compressive creep, and hydraulic conductivity under large loads poses a number of experimental challenges. Large-particle-sized TDA is shredded scrap tires with particle sizes from 50 mm to over 305 mm. The large particle size of the TDA mass results in experimental challenges, such as the need for a large test chamber and the need for a load application system with a capacity to apply and sustain large loads, while accommodating large vertical displacements from the compression of the TDA mass. As an example, to put these requirements into perspective, a mass of TDA with a nominal particle size of 150 mm requires a test cell diameter of at least 600 mm and preferably a diameter of 700 mm. If a load of 400 kPa were to be applied onto the TDA mass to simulate approximately 35 m to 40 m of overlying material (waste and routinely applied cover materials) in an application such as a landfill, the test apparatus must be capable of delivering over 150 kN of applied load. Furthermore, for a reasonable initial mass of TDA that is 1.2 m thick, the test cell will have to be designed to maintain that load over 0.6 m of vertical displacement because of the compression of the TDA mass. This article presents a number of practical strategies that were implemented to overcome the experimental challenges with testing large particle size, highly compressible TDA mass to establish the performance related properties for use in service. In some instances, components of the test equipment had to be re-engineered to accommodate exigencies that had not been anticipated, such as differential compression of the TDA mass. The focus of this article is on equipment design and experimental methodologies. A few sample results from the study are presented to illustrate the successful implementation of the design methodologies. Although TDA has been studied in this work, the strategies described herein can be applied to a wide range of highly compressible materials under large loads.
Novel Laboratory Pullout Device for Conventional and Helical Soil Nails
Authors: Sharma Mahesh , Samanta Manojit , Sarkar Shantanu
Published: October 2018

Soil nails are widely used to stabilize unstable slopes, vertical faces of excavation, and tunnels. Pullout capacity of soil nails is an important design parameter and is influenced by numerous parameters. Determination of accurate pullout capacity is essential to ensure the adequate internal stability of the stabilized structures. A novel laboratory pullout device has been developed to overcome the limitations of previously developed instruments as reported in the literature. This article presents the design details and new features of the fully instrumented laboratory pullout device. The device can be used to study the influence of various parameters such as installation process, installation angle, vertical surcharge pressure, and surface roughness on the pullout capacity of conventional (driven) and helical soil nails. A series of soil nail installation and pullout tests have been carried out to demonstrate the performance of the novel device. Typical test results are presented and discussed in detail. The test results indicate that the pullout behavior of soil nail is significantly influenced by the method of installation, surface roughness, and inclination angle besides the surcharge pressure. Further, the installation capacity may be correlated with the pullout capacity of driven soil nail. Moreover, the installation capacity is significantly influenced by the installation angle and configuration of helical soil nail.
Consolidated Undrained Shear Behavior of Synthetic Waste Rock and Synthetic Tailings Mixtures
Authors: Hamade Matteus M. P. , Bareither Christopher A.
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of mixture ratio (R) and synthetic tailings composition (i.e., particle-size distribution) on the undrained shear behavior of mixed synthetic waste rock and tailings (S-WR&T). Crushed gravel was used as a granitic waste rock (GWR), and mixtures of sand, silt, and clay were used to create average synthetic tailings (AST) and fine synthetic tailings (FST). Mixtures of S-WR&T were prepared to simulate coarse-dominated, optimal, and fine-dominated mixtures. Testing was conducted in consolidated undrained triaxial compression at target effective confining stresses of 10, 50, and 100 kPa. Coarse-dominated S-WR&T mixtures exhibited comparable shear behavior to pure GWR. Fine-dominated S-WR&T mixtures exhibited shear behavior that was more similar to pure synthetic tailings. However, an analysis of the undrained shear response indicated that the presence of GWR in fine-dominated S-WR&T mixtures can transition undrained flow behavior of pure synthetic tailings to limited-flow or no-flow behavior that is representative of GWR. The AST mixture prepared at optimal mixing conditions yielded an effective stress friction angle (φ′t) = 48°, and fine-dominated mixtures of AST yielded φ′t = 44°. The fine-dominated mixtures for FST yielded φ′t ranging from 32° to 38°, whereby φ′t increased with an increase in the amount of GWR in the mixture.
A Simple Approach to Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Loading in a Geotechnical Centrifuge
Authors: O’Loughlin Conleth D. , Cocjin Michael L. , Gourvenec Susan M. , Stanier Sam A.
Published: October 2018

This article considers an alternative approach for multiplanar loading and multi-degree-of-freedom movement in geotechnical centrifuge model tests. The multi-degree-of-freedom loading system allows for vertical load control on the vertical axis and either displacement or load control on the two horizontal axes, while allowing rotation about these axes. The system is described in detail, and the system performance is validated through results from a centrifuge test comparing observed results with analytical and numerical solutions. The validation of the system considers a mudmat foundation under large amplitude lateral displacement, where two displacement degrees-of-freedom and two rotational degrees-of-freedom were of interest. However, the apparatus is versatile and can be used for testing other foundation types or pipelines, with up to six degrees-of-freedom.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Men With Borderline Personality Disorder and Antisocial Behavior: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Wetterborg Dan , Dehlbom Peter , Långström Niklas , Andersson Gerhard , Fruzzetti Alan E. , Enebrink Pia
Published: October 2018

In addition to suicidal behaviors, men with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often display antisocial behavior that could impair contacts with mental health services. While research has established effective treatments for women with BPD, this is not yet the case for men. The authors evaluated 12 months of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for 30 men with BPD and antisocial behavior, using a within-group design with repeated measurements. The authors found moderate to strong, statistically significant pre-to posttreatment reductions of several dysfunctional behaviors, including self-harm, verbal and physical aggression, and criminal offending (rate ratios 0.17–0.39). Symptoms of BPD and depression were also substantially decreased. The dropout rate was 30%, and completing participants reported high satisfaction with treatment and maintained their improvements at 1-year follow-up. The authors conclude that DBT could be an effective treatment alternative for men with BPD and antisocial behavior, and it merits future studies with more rigorous design.
Item Response Theory Analysis of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children–Short Form (BFC-SF): A Self-Report Measure of Personality in Children Aged 11–12 Years
Authors: Bore Miles , Laurens Kristin R. , Hobbs Megan J. , Green Melissa J. , Tzoumakis Stacy , Harris Felicity , Carr Vaughan J.
Published: October 2018

Prior investigations indicate that the five core personality dimensions (the “Big Five”) are measurable by middle childhood. The aim of this research was to examine the psychometric properties of a short-form self-report measure of the Big Five personality dimensions in children that would be suitable for administration online in large population-based studies. Twenty-five questionnaire items in English, derived from the 65-item Big Five Questionnaire for Children in Italian (Barbaranelli, Caprara, Rabasca, & Pastorelli, 2003), were completed online by 27,415 Australian children in Year 6 (mean age 11.92 years). An item response theory approach evaluated the psychometric properties and resolved a 20-item short-form questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the Big Five structure. Construct validity was demonstrated via correlations between Big Five scores and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire subscales (Goodman, 2001). The 20 items provide a brief, reliable, and valid child self-report measure of the Big Five personality dimensions.
Retinoic Acid Receptor RARα-Dependent Synaptic Signaling Mediates Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity at the Inhibitory Synapses of Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Zhong Lei R. , Chen Xin , Park Esther , Südhof Thomas C. , Chen Lu
Published: October 2018

Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a synaptic mechanism through which the nervous system adjusts synaptic excitation and inhibition to maintain network stability. Retinoic acid (RA) and its receptor RARα have been established as critical mediators of homeostatic synaptic plasticity.In vitrostudies reveal that RA signaling enhances excitatory synaptic strength and decreases inhibitory synaptic strength. However, it is unclear whether RA-mediated homeostatic synaptic plasticity occursin vivo, and if so, whether it operates at specific types of synapses. Here, we examine the impact of RA/RARα signaling in the monocular zone of primary visual cortex (V1m) in mice of either sex. Exogenous RA treatment in acute cortical slices resulted in a reduction in mIPSCs of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons, an effect mimicked by visual deprivation induced by binocular enucleation in postcritical period animals. Postnatal deletion of RARα blocked RA's effect on mIPSCs. Cell type-specific deletion of RARα revealed that RA acted specifically on parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons. RARα deletion in PV+interneurons blocked visual deprivation-induced changes in mIPSCs, demonstrating the critical involvement of RA signaling in PV+interneuronsin vivo. Moreover, visual deprivation- or RA-induced downregulation of synaptic inhibition was absent in the visual cortical circuit of constitutive and PV-specificFmr1KO mice, strongly suggesting a functional interaction between fragile X mental retardation protein and RA signaling pathways. Together, our results demonstrate that RA/RARα signaling acts as a key component for homeostatic regulation of synaptic transmission at the inhibitory synapses of the visual cortex.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn vitrostudies established that retinoic acid (RA) and its receptor RARα play key roles in homeostatic synaptic plasticity, a mechanism by which synaptic excitation/inhibition balance and network stability are maintained. However, whether synaptic RA signaling operatesin vivoremains undetermined. Here, using a conditional RARα KO mouse and cell type-specific Cre-driver lines, we showed that RARα signaling in parvalbumin-expressing interneurons is crucial for visual deprivation-induced homeostatic synaptic plasticity at inhibitory synapses in visual cortical circuits. Importantly, this form of synaptic plasticity is absent when fragile X mental retardation protein is selectively deleted in parvalbumin-expressing interneurons, suggesting a functional connection between RARα and fragile X mental retardation protein signaling pathwaysin vivo. Thus, dysfunction of RA-dependent homeostatic plasticity may contribute to cortical circuit abnormalities in fragile X syndrome.
Phase Synchronicity of μ-Rhythm Determines Efficacy of Interhemispheric Communication Between Human Motor Cortices
Authors: Stefanou Maria-Ioanna , Desideri Debora , Belardinelli Paolo , Zrenner Christoph , Ziemann Ulf
Published: October 2018

The theory of communication through coherence predicts that effective connectivity between nodes in a distributed oscillating neuronal network depends on their instantaneous excitability state and phase synchronicity (Fries, 2005). Here, we tested this prediction by using state-dependent millisecond-resolved real-time electroencephalography-triggered dual-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (EEG-TMS) (Zrenner et al., 2018) to target the EEG-negative (high-excitability state) versus EEG-positive peak (low-excitability state) of the sensorimotor μ-rhythm in the left (conditioning) and right (test) motor cortex (M1) of 16 healthy human subjects (9 female, 7 male). Effective connectivity was tested by short-interval interhemispheric inhibition (SIHI); that is, the inhibitory effect of the conditioning TMS pulse given 10–12 ms before the test pulse on the test motor-evoked potential. We compared the four possible combinations of excitability states (negative peak, positive peak) and phase relations (in-phase, out-of-phase) of the μ-rhythm in the conditioning and test M1 and a random phase condition. Strongest SIHI was found when the two M1 were in phase for the high-excitability state (negative peak of the μ-rhythm), whereas the weakest SIHI occurred when they were out of phase and the conditioning M1 was in the low-excitability state (positive peak). Phase synchronicity contributed significantly to SIHI variation, with stronger SIHI in the in-phase than out-of-phase conditions. These findings are in exact accord with the predictions of the theory of communication through coherence. They open a translational route for highly effective modification of brain connections by repetitive stimulation at instants in time when nodes in the network are phase synchronized and excitable.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe theory of communication through coherence predicts that effective connectivity between nodes in distributed oscillating brain networks depends on their instantaneous excitability and phase relation. We tested this hypothesis in healthy human subjects by real-time analysis of brain states by electroencephalography in combination with transcranial magnetic stimulation of left and right motor cortex. We found that short-interval interhemispheric inhibition, a marker of interhemispheric effective connectivity, was maximally expressed when the two motor cortices were in phase for a high-excitability state (the trough of the sensorimotor μ-rhythm). We conclude that findings are consistent with the theory of communication through coherence. They open a translational route to highly effectively modify brain connections by repetitive stimulation at instants in time of phase-synchronized high-excitability states.