bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of HEBP2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published and public data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of HEBP2, encoding heme-binding protein 2, in the motor neurons of patients with ALS. HEBP2 was also differentially expressed in the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. HEBP2 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Examining New-Generation Transdermal Alcohol Biosensor Performance across Laboratory and Field Contexts
Authors: Ariss Talia , Fairbairn Catharine , Bosch Nigel
Published: October 2022

Background: Wrist-worn transdermal alcohol sensors have the potential to change how alcohol consumption is measured. However, hardware and data analytic challenges associated with transdermal sensor data have kept these devices from widespread use. Given recent technological and analytic advances, this study provides an updated account of the performance of a new generation wrist-worn transdermal sensor in both laboratory and field settings. Methods: This work leverages machine learning models to convert transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) data into estimates of Breath Alcohol Concertation (BrAC) in a large-scale laboratory (N=256, study 1) and pilot field sample (N=27, study 2). Specifically, in both studies, the accuracy of this translation is evaluated by comparing BAC estimates yielded from BACtrack Skyn to real-time breathalyzer measurements collected in the lab and in the field. Results: The newest version of the Skyn device demonstrates a substantially lower error rate compared to older hand-assembled prototypes (0%-7% vs 18%-38%). On average, real-time estimates of BrAC yielded from these transdermal sensors are within 0.007 of true BAC readings in the laboratory context and within 0.019 of true BrAC readings in the field. In both contexts, distance between true and estimated BrAC was larger when only alcohol episodes were examined (0.017 lab; 0.041 field). Lastly, results of power-law-curve projections indicate the accuracy of transdermal BrAC estimates in real-world contexts has the potential to improve markedly (>25%) given adequately sized datasets for model training. Conclusion: Findings from this study indicate the latest version of transdermal wrist sensor holds promise for the assessment of alcohol consumption in field contexts. A great deal of additional work is left to be done before we have a full picture of the utility of these devices,including research with large participant samples in field contexts.
The Principle of Common Heritage of Mankind in the Law of Outer Space
Authors: Nnadozie Chi Eric , Sule Ibrahim
Published: October 2022

Nomadic primitive men were in constant quest for food and water. With sparse population, they rarely encountered other humans. Chance meetings were greeted with confrontations over food and water, the basic essentials for survival. With the passage of time, life became easier when humans transited from hunting to farming. No longer in perpetual pursuit of food and water, civilization and property ownership commenced. Prior to the advent of international law, conquering land seemed simple: the fittest survived and won the land. The victor’s flag flapped majestically in the air above the conquered territory as a symbol of acquisition. No rules existed to ensure fairness. Superior armies seized land or those skilled in the exploration declared new unoccupied areas for their kingdoms. For a millennium, homo sapiens followed this savagery and barbaric “first in time, first in right” rule of property ownership. Haven conquered the earth, the inordinate expansionist tendencies of man have shifted his attention to the outer space, an area devoid of the obnoxious “first in time, first in right rule”. Rather, the order of the day in this sphere is the doctrine of “common heritage and province of mankind”. What is it all about? What is the genesis of the doctrine? Is it absolute and sacrosanct? Or is it a case of all animals are equal, but some are more equal than others”. All these will be unraveled as we explore the topic in this exercise.
Differential expression of OSGIN2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published and public data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of OSGIN2, encoding oxidative stress-induced growth inhibitor family member 2, in the motor neurons of patients with ALS. OSGIN2 was also differentially expressed in primary lower motor neurons isolated from patients with ALS. OSGIN2 transcript was present at lower levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Fungsi Dan Peranan Bank Syariah Dan Lembaga Keuangan Non Bank
Authors: Resky Andi Sry Aska
Published: October 2022

Lembaga keuangan bukan bank atau sering juga digunakan istilah lembaga keuangan non bank adalah semua badan yang melakukan kegiatan di bidang keuangan, yang secara langsung atau tidak langsung menghimpun dana terutama dengan jalan mengeluarkan kertas berharga dan menyalurkan dalam masyarakat terutama guna membiayai investasi perusahaan untuk mendapatkan kemakmuran dan keadilan masyarakat.
Suicide: an illness or a choice?
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang
Published: October 2022

The caution of diagnosing someone with Suicide Behavior Disorder derives from the fact that in some scenarios, suicide can still be deemed a “rational” choice and expression of free will rather than a disease. For example, euthanasia, suicide attacks, people with mental illness but being able to take into account the weight of the illness, etc. There exists a blurry line between the considerations of suicide as a choice or an illness. Perhaps, whether it is an illness or a choice is largely dependent on the context and targeted subject. It is not hard to see whether (or when) this very delimitation works is very much cultural by its nature.
Differential expression of STK11 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of STK11, encoding serine/threonine kinase 11, in the primary motor neurons of patients with ALS. STK11 was also differentially expressed in the skeletal muscle of patients with ALS. STK11 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Differential expression of SH3PXD2B in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published and public data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of SH3PXD2B, encoding SH3 and PX domains 2B, in the motor neurons of patients with ALS. SH3PXD2B was also differentially expressed in primary lower motor neurons isolated from patients with ALS. SH3PXD2B transcript was present at significantly higher levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
PERILAKU KONSUMEN
Authors: FADHILAH AISYAH
Published: October 2022

PERILAKU KONSUMEN Cara Mengukur Manfaat yang Diperoleh Konsumen dalam Mengkonsumsi Barang:Jika konsumen membeli barang karena mengharap memperoleh manfaat atau nilai guna, tentu secara rasional konsumen mengharapkan untuk memperoleh nilai guna yang optimal.
Differential expression of UGGT1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published and public data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of UGGT1, encoding UDP-glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1, in the motor neurons of patients with ALS. UGGT1 was also differentially expressed in the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. UGGT1 transcript was present at significantly higher levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Suicide: an illness or a choice?
Authors: Mindsponge AISDL
Published: October 2022

The caution of diagnosing someone with Suicide Behavior Disorder derives from the fact that in some scenarios, suicide can still be deemed a “rational” choice and expression of free will rather than a disease. For example, euthanasia, suicide attacks, people with mental illness but being able to take into account the weight of the illness, etc. There exists a blurry line between the considerations of suicide as a choice or an illness. Perhaps, whether it is an illness or a choice is largely dependent on the context and targeted subject. It is not hard to see whether (or when) this very delimitation works is very much cultural by its nature.
Differential expression of XDH in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published and public data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of XDH, encoding xanthine dehydrogenase, in the motor neurons of patients with ALS. XDH was also differentially expressed in the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. XDH transcript was present at lower levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Konsep Uang dalam Islam
Authors: Azifah Nurul
Published: October 2022

Pada tahapan peradaban manusia yang masih sangat sederhana pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup dilakukan dengan cara tukar-menukar kebutuhan (barter). Pertukaran barter ini mensyaratkan adanya keinginan yang sama pada waktu bersamaan (double coincidence of wants) dari pihak-pihak yang melakukan pertukaran. Seiring dengan semakin beragam dan kompleksnya kebutuhan hidup manusia, maka semakin sulit untuk menciptakan situasi double coincidence of wants.Misalnya, pada satu ketika seseorang yang memiliki beras membutuhkan minyak. Namun saat yang bersamaan, pemilik minyak sedang tidak membutuhkan beras melainkan membutuhkan ikan, sehingga syarat terjadinya barter antara beras dengan minyak tidak terpenuhi. Situasi yang demikian tentunya akan mempersulit muamalah antar manusia. Oleh karena itulah diperlukan suatu alat tukar yang dapat diterima oleh semua pihak.Alat tukar itulah yang kemudian disebut dengan uang.Pertama kali, uang dikenal dalam peradaban Sumeria dan Babylonia.Uang kemudian berkembang dan berevolusi mengikuti perjalanan sejara
Differential expression of SEMA5A in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: October 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of SEMA5A, encoding semaphorin 5A, in the motor neurons of patients with ALS. SEMA5A was also differentially expressed in the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. SEMA5A transcript was present at lower levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Autonomic and Somatic Aspects of Emotion Regulation
Authors: Urry Heather L.
Published: October 2022

Sixty years ago, Lazarus and colleagues demonstrated that, compared to watching a film about corn farming, watching a film showing a surgical procedure made hands sweat and hearts race (Lazarus et al., 1962); overall, there was “substantial evidence of a disturbed state” among participants (p. 27). Sounds awful. Had I been in this situation, I would have wanted to find a way to be less disturbed, to quell my bodily reactions. Would I have succeeded? The unsatisfying but intriguing answer is maybe. In this chapter, I briefly describe how emotions are generated and regulated and offer a primer on autonomic and somatic aspects of emotion. Focusing on lab-based experiments with unselected adults, I then review literature suggesting that implementing emotion regulation strategies has inconsistent bodily effects. I end with potential reasons for the inconsistency and suggest concrete directions for future research.
How does early onset cannabis use affect working memory performance?
Authors: Sonnleitner Sophie , Picazo Maria , Feuring Lukas , Langer Nicolas
Published: October 2022

Background: Cannabis consumption is one of several factors affecting working memory performance. It remains unclear, however, whether this effect is due to cannabis consumption per se or the age of consumption onset.Methods: Young adult volunteers (18-30 years of age) were recruited on the basis of whether they consumed cannabis on a regular basis (≥ 1 joint per week for at least 12 months) or did not consume cannabis at all (≤ 5 times per lifetime). Cannabis consumption habits were assessed by a questionnaire based on the CoRolAR CORE survey. According to their age of consumption onset, participants were divided into three groups: Early-onset users (age of onset <16), late- onset users (age of onset ≥16), and controls (no cannabis consumption). Working memory and short-term memory performance were measured by the backward and forward conditions of the digit- and spatial span, respectively.Results: Early-onset users (N=5) did not differ significantly in their working memory as well as short-term memory performance from late-onset users (N=9) and controls (N=22). Conclusion: This study could not find any evidence for a potential influence of age of consumption onset on working memory performance. Future work should use a larger sample size and more sophisticated assessment tools for cannabis consumption when replicating this study.
“I trust you if your memory is detailed”: Interpersonal memory fidelity judgments and social bonding
Authors: Bastin Christine , Folville Adrien , Geurten Marie
Published: October 2022

Episodic memory is thought to serve social functions. Here, we focused on the extent to which a person thinks another person’s memory is faithful to what happened and the link between these judgments and social bonding. We assessed whether the quality of the recollection (detailed versus general) of past events influenced how individuals aged between 18 and 41 years old rated the degree of fidelity of others’ memory and whether ratings of memory fidelity were associated with social attitudes towards the narrator. In two experiments (Ns = 59 and 40), we found that participants judged memories to match more closely what really happened when the memories contained many specific details compared to when memories were more general. Moreover, higher memory fidelity judgments were associated with more trust and empathy felt towards the narrator and more willingness to interact with him/her, suggesting a role for interpersonal memory monitoring in social bonding.
Trade-off in sensitivity between object identity and viewpoint in both the dorsal and ventral visual streams
Authors: Jew Carol A , Raizada Rajeev
Published: October 2022

The ventral visual stream exhibits a trade-off between sensitivity to an object’s identity and identity-preserving transformations across cortical regions: as sensitivity to identity increases, sensitivity to changes in such things as viewpoint decreases and vice versa. Recent findings suggest that the dorsal visual stream is more involved in perceptual object processing than originally hypothesized. However, it remains unclear whether this trade-off also exists within the dorsal stream, and, if so, how it relates to the ventral stream’s trade-off. Participants viewed rotating tools in an MRI scanner, and multivariate analyses were conducted to quantify voxels’ ability to discriminate between objects and track their viewpoints. Voxels’ classification and viewpoint tracking performance were negatively correlated within both streams, suggesting trade-offs in sensitivity. The degree of trade-off was also highly correlated between the streams across individuals. Examining the relationship between sensitivity levels and voxels’ spatial position revealed that object identity sensitivity increased moving anteriorly along the ventral stream, but no other significant spatial gradients were found. The presence of a sensitivity trade-off in the dorsal stream and of a functional relationship between the streams’ trade-offs extend current knowledge of the dorsal stream, in particular its commonalities with the ventral stream and its potential greater involvement in perceptual processing.
“Yeah, That’s True (Even When It’s Not)”: The Power of Authoritarian Leaders Creates Agreement with Fake News
Authors: Ospina Juan Pablo , Orosz Gabor , Spencer Steven J.
Published: October 2022

Individual factors such as cognitive capacities matter when one is requested to spot fake news. We suggest, however, that social influence–specifically as exercised by an authoritarian leader–might matter more if one is expected to agree with the fake news. We developed a single-item prototype measure of leadership styles and recruited participants from four Western countries (Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, United States, N=501) who identified whether their immediate boss was an autonomous, paternalistic, or authoritarian leader. Then they were asked to evaluate the accuracy of several fake news articles and their expectations to agree with these articles. Although people could identify fake news under all three leadership styles, employees with authoritarian bosses were less accurate in spotting fake news (Cohen’s d=0.32) compared to employees with autonomous bosses. The bigger effect, however, was that they reported they would agree with the news they knew was fake when the news was shared by their authoritarian boss compared to employees with autonomous (Cohen’s d=1.22) or paternalistic bosses (Cohen’s d=0.66). We argue that in addition to effects on perceived accuracy of information, social influence, conformity, and obedience are crucial and unacknowledged causes of how misinformation is maintained and propagated by authoritarian leaders even in democratic countries.
The adaptation and validation of the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI) in Italian: The Gold-MSI-IT
Authors: Santangelo Michela , Persici Valentina , Caricati Luca , Corsano Paola , Gordon Reyna L , Majorano Marinella
Published: October 2022

The Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI) measures a wide range of self-reported musical abilities and behaviors in the Western adult general population, regardless of musical expertise. This instrument has been validated in various languages, but an Italian version is lacking. The present study describes the Italian validation and adaptation of the Gold-MSI (Gold-MSI-IT) and investigates the effects of socio-demographic variables on scores of musical sophistication. Analyses of factor structure and internal reliability on an Italian sample (N = 429; mean age = 31.08; SD = 11.68; 75.5% female) and analyses of test-retest reliability on a smaller sample (N = 57; mean age = 34.68; SD = 10.80; 75% female) show that the Gold-MSI-IT confirms the bi-factor model of the original version, including an underlying General Musical Sophistication factor and five subfactors, and that our instrument has good internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. Additional tests showed gender differences in musical sophistication and that musical sophistication correlated with education but not with age. The study provides a reliable and stable tool to investigate individual differences in the Italian context and adds to our knowledge of musicality in the general population across countries.
Revisiting attending to form during meaning comprehension in learning Spanish as an additional foreign language
Authors: Pan Junlan , Zhang Yuyang , Zhang Wen
Published: October 2022

The current replication study aims to examine the effects of learners’ attention to lexical and grammatical forms on meaning comprehension while listening to a passage in Spanish. The registered protocol and materials in the aural mode from Morgan-Short et al.’s (2018) multisite replication study were used, with first language (L1) Chinese–second language (L2) English participants (N=122) learning Spanish as the third language (L3). The results partially reproduced the previous findings that there was no effect of attending to a lexical item (sol) on meaning comprehension. However, a small to medium effect was found on comprehension scores for simultaneously attending to a grammatical form (la). This finding reveals a site-specific effect with learners from different L1 backgrounds, suggesting that learners’ attending to a grammatical form absent in their L1 is detrimental to their meaning comprehension even if this form exists in their earlier learned L2.
India’s Maritime Security: Strategy and Challenges
Authors: Sahu Priyadarsini
Published: October 2022

This article offers a concise overview of the capabilities and difficulties that India faces in terms of maritime security. Within the context of the current order of the globe, maritime security is one of the most important challenges. Due to the fact that India is a country that is encircled on three sides by different bodies of water, there is an increased requirement for marine security. Terrorism, piracy, robbery, illicit trafficking of goods and people, illegal fishing, and pollution are some of the different areas that ships and maritime operations need security from. A number of policies and efforts aimed at enhancing maritime safety have been developed by international organisations as well as various states, one of which is India. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the part that marine safety plays in the overall process of power consolidation. In addition to this, it analyses both the positive and negative aspects of Indian maritime security.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PETROLEUM-BASED BIOPLASTICS
Authors: Abdullayeva Maya , Guliyev A. Yamil
Published: October 2022

Throughout their life cycle, petroleum-based plastics are associated with many environmental issues, including greenhouse gas emissions, marine, and terrestrial persistence, pollution, and more. On the other hand, bioplastics are a rapidly growing class of polymeric materials that are often presented as alternatives. However, bioplastics are also associated with important environmental issues such as greenhouse gas emissions and adverse land use changes that need to be properly assessed difficult to assess. Bioplastics are considered both a potential solution and a new source of harmful environmental impacts, mainly as a result of the use of agricultural biomass.
Times of the Day and Seasons in Ziya Osman Saba's Poetry Book of Elapsed Time
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Dinçer
Published: October 2022

Ziya Osman Saba, one of the important names of Turkish literature, is one of the most influential figures of the six poets of the first literary group of the Republic period, Yedi Meşaleciler, who did not give up writing poetry. Saba has gained a permanent place in our literature by interpreting the poetry density he received from Ahmet Haşim in his own unique way after the Seven Torches, maintaining his individual existence in the world of literature and using Turkish language. In this article, an explanation will be made about the change of Ziya Osman Saba, who gained a reputation as a poet and also wrote short stories, from a cold face to an absolute surrender. Later, Saba, who uses many words related to time in his poems, will try to show how the times of the day and the seasons are perceived, based on his poems in the Last Time, in which he deals with the past, the present and the future as a whole by using time in a cyclical way.
ANALYSIS OF THE EQUIVALENT CURRENTS SYSTEM SQ BEHAVIOUR AT THEARGENTINIAN PERMANENT MAGNETICOBSERVATORIES (ROMP) DURING 2019-2021
Authors:   Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas – Universidad Nacional De La PlataPaseo del Bosque s/n – (1900) La Plata – Prov. Buenos Aires – Argentina, Sallago P.A.
Published: October 2022

The ionospheric currents that flow in the E layer, the magnetospheric currents and the induced currents in the lithosphere under the station are the sources of geomagnetic variations in the calm days Sq. There exist several methods for estimating the values corresponding to magnetospheric currents. The magnitude of the induced currents contribution is considered about one-third of the measured horizontal variation Sq. In this work, one proceeds to produce the correction for magnetospheric effects by analyzing the ring current index SMR, getting an efficient correction. Subsequently, the values of the north and east components of the surface current densities (KN and KE) above ROMP stations are estimated for calm days with a Kp index less than or equal to 2 in the 2019-2021 interval. It is found that at 14 hs LT, the maximum KN and KE values are recorded at PIL on 12.4.2020, while the minimum KN and KE values are recorded atORC on 10.19.19 and 11.16.20, respectively.
Polyaniline Immobilized Palladium: An Eﬃcient Catalyst for Reductive Degradation of Dyes
Authors: Roy Moumita
Published: October 2022

Water remediation is a very challenging task and a need of the hour. Various industrial pollutants, primarily organic synthetic dyes, mix with ground water and have a negative impact on aquatic life. There are various techniques available to treat polluted water. Reductive degradation of organic dyes is one of the most commonly used techniques. Herein, the catalytic degradation of a diversified range of dyes (cationic dyes and anionic dyes) using a polyaniline anchored palladium (PANI-Pd) catalyst in the presence of sodium borohydride (SB) is discussed in detail. PANI-Pd is easy to recover and efficiently recycle with minimum loss of activity. It was found in the study that the PANI-Pd (OAc)
Recent Advances in Oxidative Transformation of Oximes with Hypervalent Iodine (III) Reagents
Authors: Ghosh Harisadhan
Published: October 2022

In the present book chapter, the fascinating chemistry of hypervalent iodine (III) reagents promoted various oxidation reactions of aldoximes and ketoximes have been described. When organo-iodine (III) reagents are reacted with aliphatic or aromatic aldoximes, they usually furnish nitrile oxides, which are useful synthetic intermediates. But in slightly different reaction conditions, hypervalent iodine (III) reagents oxidise the aldoximes to N-acetoxy amides or hydroxamic acids as the major isolable products instead of the anticipated nitrile oxide or its dimerized product oxadiazole-N-oxides. On the other hand, oxidation of ketoxime using hypervalent iodine (III) usually produces the parent ketone or it undergoes Beckmann Rearrangement. The synthetic utilities of these transformations have been summarized here.
Thorpe-Ingold Eﬀect Assisted Strained Ring Synthesis
Authors: Panda Biswajit
Published: October 2022

The Thorpe-Ingold effect (also known as the gem-dialkyl effect) is the term assigned to the acceleration of cyclization caused by the substitution of hydrogen atoms on the carbons anchoring the two reaction centres with alkyl groups. Because of the more favourable entropy shift that happens when the reaction reaches the transition state, intramolecular reactions often proceed faster than intermolecular reactions. The formation of five-and six-membered rings, among other things, benefits from these entropic effects. Alternatively, depending on the situation, increased ring strain can be countered and cyclization retarded in the formation of three-and four-membered rings. To overcome the unfavourable enthalpic parameters, alkyl substituents inserted onto the acyclic carbon chain that connects the two reacting junctions can be employed to improve the rate of cyclization. This article focuses on the application of the Thorpe-Ingold effect in the construction of strain three- and four-membered ring systems. To sum up, the Thorpe-Ingold effect can effectively speed up and increase the yield of both intramolecular and intermolecular cyclization.
Eﬀects of Oriented External Field in Organic Reaction
Authors: Chatterjee Shaona
Published: October 2022

In this chapter, the improvement of the kinetics and thermodynamics of chemical reactions will be reviewed, which have a crucial role in the applied oriented external electric field (OEEF). Also, it is studied that OEEF has catalytic activity in some organic reaction mechanisms and the ability to cleavage hemolytic bonds in a heterolytic way. The use of the Nitroxide radical in the presence of time-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy, the use of Radical mediated Polymerization, and so on are also being investigated. Again, OEEF has a budding area of research, waiting for eventual blossom. In this context, the chemical bond breaking, bond dissociation energy, product selectivity, and how OEEF catalyzes the reaction will be discussed, as well as an overview of fluorescent spectroscopy.
Current Perspective on Relevance and Applications of Microbial Enzymes in Industries: A Review
Authors: Pandit Baishali
Published: October 2022

Microorganisms' biocatalytic capacity has been used to make bread, wine, vinegar, and other familiar items for generations, although the biochemical foundation of their constituents is unknown. Microbial enzymes have gained appeal for their widespread application in industries and medicine due to their stability, catalytic activity, and ease of production procedures and optimization. Enzymes' usage in a variety of sectors (e.g., food, agriculture, chemicals, and medications) is fast rising due to its shorter processing time, low energy input, cost efficiency, nontoxic, and environmentally benign features. Toxic chemical substances in industrial and residential wastes (nitriles, amines, phenolic compounds and so on) can also be degraded or transformed by microbial enzymes.
Human Impacts on Nitrogen Cycle
Authors: Tamang Suman
Published: October 2022

Human beings have played the role of a major force in bringing about a significant change in our global ecosystems. In fact, among the various attributes of our ecosystems, anthropogenic activities have been crucially affecting the biogeochemical cycles. The human-mediated alterations of the earth's nitrogen cycle are having a very perturbed impact upon the world's ecosystems as the nitrogen element is key to living beings and its attainability plays a critical part in maintaining the balanced performance of the biotic and abiotic components of our ecosystem. Human activities such as the use of fossil fuels, the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers, and nitrogen-producing industrial and agricultural pursuits have significantly increased the nitrogen content of our ecosystem. The pollution caused due to the addition of excess nitrogen to the different constituents of the ecosystems alters both their ecological operations as well as the living communities they support. Other than the increase in the supply of nitrogen by human activities, the global intensification of the drifting of nitrogen in its various forms in the environment has also been observed. Because of this increased mobility, excess nitrogen introduced to the ecosystem initiates serious and long-term environmental consequences. The data obtained from the latest research studies indicates that the huge amount of nitrogen introduced on account of human activities also contributes to climate change. However, such environmental desecration can be minimized by the adoption of time-honored sustainable practices. Therefore, it is high time that state and global decision-making should strive to bring down these detrimental effects through the growth and extensive distribution of more well-planned and effective management practices of human activities that reduce them.
Treatment for COVID-19: Current Therapy and Challenges
Authors: Bhattacharjee Anwesha , Maity Pathoja , Choudhuri Souradipto , Gupta Suvroma
Published: October 2022

The novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has been documented as the fifth pandemic since the flu pandemic of 1918, around a hundred years ago. It was first reported in Wuhan province in China. The coronavirus was officially named as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The cumulative death toll during this pandemic is 6,029,852, with an approximate death rate of 1.33%. This article focuses on the origin, and the virology of the virus. Then it focuses on various mutations occurring in the virus, with a special note on the mutation in spike protein. A mention of worldwide death statistics is then discussed. Several tests and how they are conducted in India are discussed thereafter. After that, various platforms for vaccine development alongside their manufacturing efficiency are discussed. It then focuses on remedies concerning vaccines both at the global and national level, with a special note on major manufacturers in India. The pros and cons of many new generation vaccines in the clinical or preclinical stage are also illustrated to some extent. Finally, the article focuses on several other challenges being faced or which can be faced in the future.
Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem): A Review
Authors: Ray Sonali
Published: October 2022

The role of natural products in pharmaceuticals is undisputedly very significant. In this vista, Azadirachta indica is becoming the cynosure of modern medical science. Traditionally, this plant has been widely utilized for a diverse variety of ailments in the animal world as well as in the plant forum. An array of phytochemicals present in neem plants has been attributed to their pharmacological activities. This review attempts to summarise the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the plant and emphasises the need for further analytical research for new drug discoveries.
El-nino and It`s Varied Impacts: A Review
Authors: Golder Tarikul Islam
Published: October 2022

El-Nino is a periodic flow of warm Pacific equatorial waters southward, usually around Christmas time. El-Nino is linked to the Southern Oscillation and it affects the atmosphere, disrupting weather condition of the world. Its disastrous effects have resulted in drought in Australia and Papua New Guinea, a delayed monsoon in South-East Asia leading to massive forest fires choking smog, storms on the Pacific coast of South and Central America, drought in Southern Africa, and threat of flood in Peru and California. Its increasing sensitivity and frequency through the 1980s and 1990s, suggests that El-Nino is affected by an increase of heat trapping greenhouse gases in the upper atmosphere. Global Warming could make the El-Nino a permanent feature of world`s weather system. El-Nino and Southern Oscillation largely affect developing countries that are largely depending upon fishery and agriculture for employment, foreign exchange, and food supply. Global warming increases severity and frequency of El-Nino which has great socio-economic impact on these countries.
IDENTIFICATION OF EPIDEMICALLY-SIGNIFICANT SALMONELLA SEROTYPE USING IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AGGLUTINATION REACTION (IRA)
Authors: Khomenko Y. S. , Nefedova E. V. , Kozlova O. S. , Afonyushkin A. V. , Afonyushkin V. N.
Published: October 2022

In the Russian Federation, the presence of all serotypes of Salmonella in products is unacceptable. However, the existing ELISA tests are applicable for seromonitoring for the presence of antibodies only to Salmonella of several serotypes. In the article, the authors proposed a system based on the agglutination reaction with a fluorescently labeled antigen - IRA. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the use of IRA in the example of an analysis of the epizootic situation at one of the poultry farms in Russia and to show an example of the interpretation of the results of serological studies to control bacterial infections in broiler chickens. The peculiarity of the new modification is that in ultraviolet rays the negative reaction of the “button” glows in the form of a dot. The authors studied sera from a herd of broiler chickens affected by Salmonellosis and found antibodies to Salmonella of two serotypes, Infantis and Hamburg. The analysis of seroprevalence to these two Salmonella serotypes made it possible to assess the greater epizootic significance for Hamburg serotype Salmonella. The use of the IRA, incl. based on antigens from bacterial cultures isolated from poultry products, and pathological material, allows for serological diagnosis of bacterial infections of birds concerning the entire variety of bacteria that can be found in a poultry farm, unlike ELISA systems.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CENTRAL ASIAN SHEPHERD DOG BREED IN HUMAN HANDS: BEFORE AND AFTER
Authors: Basargin Iu. B.
Published: October 2022

A brief history of the formation of the breed, its official recognition by the Russian Cynological Federation, and its development in Russia are presented in the example of Novosibirsk.
USE OF THE PAIR COMPARISON METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF ICE CREAM
Authors: Reznichenko I. Yu. , Gurinovich G. V. , Astakhova N. V. , Nikiforova Yu. D.
Published: October 2022

The authors chose five samples of ice cream from different brands of domestic producers as objects of study. The authors used a paired method for determining desirability during testing, which is used to identify qualitative differences and the desirability of goods of the same name by the requirements of SS R (State Standard R) 53161-2008. The authors also carried out an organoleptic assessment according to SS R ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 22935-2-2011 Milk and dairy products and organoleptic analysis of paragraph 14, SS 31457-2021 Milk ice cream, cream, and ice cream. The results of the evaluation of ice cream samples by the method of pairwise comparison are also presented. The authors identified evaluation criteria that reflect the consumer properties and attractiveness of the product: packaging, labeling, and organoleptic indicators. The authors have identified evaluation criteria that reflect the consumer properties and attractiveness of the product: packaging, labeling, and organoleptic indicators. Differences in the samples were established. A comparative analysis of the composition showed that one of the samples contains annatto dye, which is not included in the list of food additives for use in the manufacture of ice cream. As a result of testing, the authors identified the most desirable sample. The obtained data can be considered reproducible, taking into account the error probability of 0.01%. The results have practical implications for manufacturers in developing new product lines to meet customer requirements, and for consumers in choosing a competitive product from a variety of product ranges that differ in price and quality.
FALLOW LAND IS A VALUABLE BIOTECHNICAL RESOURCE IN CREATING LARGE FORAGE TERRITORIES FOR WILD CLOVEN-HOOFED MAMMALS IN STATE NATURAL RESERVES
Authors: Yermolik V. B. , Smirnov P. N.
Published: October 2022

In the article, the authors presented practical recommendations on the involvement of fallow lands in the agrarian and biotechnical turnover on the example of the state nature reserve of federally significant (SNRFS) “Kirzinsky”. The authors determined the geographic locations of fallow lands as well as the coordinates of the placement of fodder fields for winter feeding of roe deer in the areas of existing winter habitats by using the method of biotechnical zoning of the territory of the reserve. Fallow lands are the basis for the formation of a perennial feeding platform to support wild ungulates during abnormal periods of the winter cycle. The results of biotechnical experiments made it possible to develop and implement an integrated system of biotechnical measures for the conservation of the Siberian roe deer in the winter. The use of fallow lands contributed to an increase in the number of Siberian roe deer by almost three times with the use of biotechnical measures on the territory of the Kirzinsky State Nature Reserve. The developed methodological provisions formed the basis of the biotechnical manual “Scientifically based biotechnical system for the conservation and increase in the number of Siberian roe deer in the state natural reserves of Western Siberia”, recommended for practical use in the biotechnical development of protected natural areas.
SOME ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SIMMENTAL CATTLE OF THE ALTAI MOUNTAIN REGIONS
Authors: Zaborskikh E. Yu.
Published: October 2022

In the article, the authors present data on the development parameters of replacement heifers, milk productivity, reproduction rates, and economic longevity of Simmental cows of domestic and foreign selection in the farms of the mountainous regions of the Altai Republic and the Altai Territory. For the first time, the authors determined the efficiency of breed use (EIP) according to the method of M.A. Svyazhenina (2012) and proposed to supplement this method with an indicator of the age of insemination of heifers. In all the herds studied, the authors note the optimal indicators of herd reproduction, which indicates the high adaptability of animals of these genotypes to extreme natural and climatic conditions. The productive longevity of cows of domestic selection is significantly higher (p<0.05) - by 53.5-96.0% than in animals of German-Austrian origin. In the mountainous regions of Altai, the use of cows of the Simmental breed of the German-Austrian selection is effective mainly due to their higher milk productivity. According to the average milk yield for 305 days of lactation - 5165.1 kg, full-aged cows of German-Austrian origin in the farm “Fokin” significantly (p <0.05) surpassed their peers of domestic selection by - 36.4-71.3%, the efficiency of using the breed in this farm amounted to 0.963. The efficiency of the use of the breed in the “OS “AESH” with an average milk yield per lactation of 3446.7 kg is also high - 0.925 due to the indices of economic longevity and reproductive ability. The average efficiency index was obtained in the Agricultural Production Cooperative Breeding Stud (APCBS) “Amursky” - 0.882 and Federal State Budgetary Institution “Experimental Station “Novotalitskoye” - 0.828. In the APCBS “Amursky” the decrease in the efficiency of the use of the breed was affected by the insufficient milk productivity of cows, and in the “Experimental Station “Novotalitskoye” - the late age of insemination of heifers, an extended service period and an insufficient period of economic use of animals.
THE FIRST EXPERIENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RICHES OF THE VASYUGAN SWAMP
Authors: Plakhova A. A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction to Siberia of bees of different breeds such as Italian Apis mellifera ligustica Spin., Apis mellifera carnica Pollm., Kuban (yellow Caucasian) Apis mellifera remipes Gerst., Far Eastern Apis mellifera acervorum, grey mountain Caucasian Apis mellifera caucasica Gorb. led to the fact that crossbreeds of an unknown generation predominate in the Novosibirsk region. These bees are rich in swarms, do not winter well, and the egg-laying of the queens is low. Currently, the importation of packet bees has stopped due to sharp increases in fuel prices (fuels and lubricants) and air and rail transport. But the importation of fetal queen bees is still ongoing. The authors studied the method of reproduction of bee colonies to preserve the beekeeping industry in Western Siberia. In one of the promising regions of Western Siberia, in the Vasyugan swamps, nectariferous plants grow for breeding bees. In that place, plants grow such as Rubus idaeus L. (common raspberry), Angelica sylvestris L. (wood angelica), Archangelica decurrens L. (Siberian angelica), Ribus nigrum L. (black currant), Sonchus arvensis L. (field sow thistle), Melilotus officinalis L. (yellow sweet clover), Melilotus albus Medik. (White sweet clover), Centaurea scabiosa L. (rough cornflower), Salix L. (willow), Taraxacum Wigg. (dandelion), Dracocephalum nutans L. (Siberian snakehead), Glechoma bederaceae L. (ivy-shaped budra), Prunella vulgaris L. (common blackhead). These plants are an excellent forage base for beekeeping. For two years of research, the authors found that the collection of honey per bee colony was in the group where the bees were propagated by natural swarming, 51.8 ± 5.1 kg, individual layering - 49.9 ± 4.3, prefabricated layering - 55, 6±3.1 kg. The strength of the families that went into the winter was 8.47±0.30; 8.77±0.20 and 9.06±0.40 bee space, respectively. Reproduction of bee colonies for two years showed that it is possible to increase the number of bee colonies from 4 to 16 (403%) by natural swarming, by individual layers - up to 19 (572%), and teams - up to 17 (422%).
A CLINICAL CASE OF THE USE OF THE CYTOLOGICAL METHOD IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HIDDEN SEX ACTIVITY IN A DOG
Authors: Lepp A. S. , Barsukova E. N. , Ukhlova A. V. , Zhuravleva O. V. , Tereshchenko A. I. , Ermakova L. P.
Published: October 2022

In the 21st century, in modern veterinary reproduction, the study of vaginal smear cytology is very promising. This method is simple to implement and has a relatively low cost. Its use in the clinical reproduction of dogs is of great diagnostic value, as well as in the diagnosis of gynaecological diseases. The method of vaginal cytology allows you to most accurately determine the beginning and end of the fertile period. The purpose of the work is to study the modern method of diagnosing “hidden sex activity” in a female dog and to describe a clinical case of determining the day of the oestrous cycle by the cytological method. The objectives of the research are 1) to study the cellular composition of smears of a female dog at different stages of the sexual cycle; 2) features of the estrus cycle based on changes in the picture of the cytological smear and identify the days of estrus.