bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Movimento de Aprendizagem de Futuros Professores Acerca dos Nexos Conceituais Sequência, Padrão e Regularidade: um Olhar para a Álgebra dos Anos Iniciais
Authors: Noro Iasmim Martins , Lopes Anemari Roesler Luersen Vieira
Published: May 2022

Compreendendo que a organização do ensino se faz fundamental no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, e sendo o professor o organizador do ensino que almeja desenvolver o pensamento teórico dos estudantes, busca-se na pesquisa discorrida neste artigo investigar a aprendizagem de futuros professores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental no que se refere aos nexos conceituais algébricos sequência, padrão e regularidade. Subsidiadas pelos pressupostos da Teoria Histórico-Cultural e da Atividade Orientadora de Ensino, as duas Situações de Ensino aqui relatadas foram desenvolvidas com futuros professores dos anos iniciais do curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Os resultados evidenciam que o movimento de aprendizagem dos futuros professores acerca dos nexos conceituais trabalhados se deu a partir da necessidade de pensar em estratégias algébricas que envolvessem também a aritmética, e que a interação entre colegas e pesquisadora possibilitou o direcionamento dos conceitos espontâneos a uma aproximação aos conceitos científicos.
Conhecimento Especializado do Professor de Matemática Manifestado a partir de Ações Formativas: um Levantamento Bibliográfico
Authors: Vitalino Gabriela da Silva Oliveira , Teixeira Bruno Rodrigo
Published: May 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um breve panorama de artigos, publicados em periódicos brasileiros, que foram permeados pelo modelo Conhecimento Especializado do Professor de Matemática (MTSK), especificamente em relação aos que se desenvolveram a partir de alguma ação formativa. Para alcançá-lo, buscamos as expressões “MTSK” e “conhecimento especializado do professor de matemática” nas plataformas Google Acadêmico, Portal de Periódicos da Capes e Scielo. A partir da leitura dos títulos, dos resumos e das palavras-chave, identificamos dezoito artigos que utilizaram o modelo mencionado. Ao explorá-los, selecionamos sete que foram desenvolvidos em torno de alguma ação formativa e os agrupamos em dois eixos temáticos. Notamos, a partir desses eixos, potencialidades do MTSK como ferramenta de análise de dados provenientes de ações formativas, uma vez que permitiu, além da identificação de conhecimentos especializados, a indicação de elementos a serem discutidos na formação de professores que ensinam Matemática.
Simulando o Jogo da Corrida dos Cavalos: Elementos de Pensamento Computacional para Professores
Authors: Sousa Sérgio Gonçalves de , Machado Leandro da Silva , Almeida Moisés Ceni de , Musmanno Leonardo Maricato
Published: May 2022

Neste trabalho, são expostos os resultados de uma investigação, em andamento, cujo objetivo é apresentar e explorar direcionamentos no que concerne à aproximação de professores, os quais ensinam Matemática, aos conceitos do pensamento computacional que possam ocasionar a Educação Matemática Crítica. Em especial, a investigação se direciona ao pensamento algorítmico, por meio da simulação do “Jogo da Corrida dos Cavalos”, atividade lúdico pedagógica proposta por Skovsmose (2000). Logo, sob os pressupostos da Educação Matemática Crítica e, em alinhamento às ideias da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), nós construímos um algoritmo, em forma de pseudocódigo, que permite a simulação do jogo. A apresentação da construção do algoritmo é feita de forma investigativa e exploratória, analisando gradativamente as estratégias e processos envolvidos. Por meio da investigação realizada, ressaltamos as potencialidades do pensamento computacional como ferramenta aliada numa possível ação pedagógica do professor que ensina Matemática.
Discussões Matemáticas em Aulas de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral e as Ações do Professor
Authors: Trevisan André Luis , Volpato Marcio Alexandre
Published: May 2022

O objetivo geral deste trabalho é investigar as ações do professor na condução das discussões matemáticas, no contexto do trabalho com tarefas exploratórias em aulas de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral. Desenhado como uma pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho interpretativo, o estudo considerou transcrições do diálogo entre o professor e os estudantes ingressantes em um curso de Engenharia acerca da resolução de uma tarefa envolvendo diferentes representações de funções. Como resultados, destacamos que foram oportunizados aos alunos momentos para se expressarem (em geral, pelas ações de convidar e guiar/apoiar), elaborarem justificativas e refletirem sobre aspectos nos quais não haviam pensado anteriormente (pela ação de desafiar), “atiçando” sua criatividade e, consequentemente, fortalecendo seu raciocínio. Tais momentos ampliaram a capacidade dos alunos de raciocinar matematicamente, fazendo-os pensar, compreender ideias matemáticas e aplicá-las.
Introdução à Álgebra nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental: uma Análise a partir da Teoria da Objetivação
Authors: Moraes Francisco Ronald Feitosa
Published: May 2022

Resenha:

GOMES, Luanna Priscila da Silva. Introdução à álgebra nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental: uma análise a partir da teoria da objetivação. 2020. 182f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Centro de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – Natal, 2020. Orientadora: Claudianny Amorim Noronha. Coorientador: Luiz Radford.
A álgebra e sua Gramática: Reflexões Filosóficas e Educacionais
Authors: Teixeira Jr Valdomiro Pinheiro
Published: May 2022

Neste ensaio teórico, pretendo realizar uma reflexão sobre os fundamentos filosóficos da álgebra e sua possibilidade de ensino a partir da Epistemologia do uso de Arley Moreno, devedora da terapia filosófica de Wittgenstein. Inicialmente, trago uma discussão sobre como Wittgenstein muda seu pensamento, abandonando a ideia de um fundamento lógico para a compreensão de uma gramática apoiada na práxis humana. Em seguida, discuto a natureza linguística da álgebra, na qual argumento que esta é um jogo de linguagem que possui uma gramática, nos moldes wittgensteinianos e aponto consequências no ensino a partir deste entendimento. A partir da ideia de que o significado está no uso, defendo que a linguagem deve tomar maior destaque no ensino, pois o uso da linguagem algébrica é que permite que se obtenha significado, e isso é possível quando o aluno se apropria da gramática e imerge no jogo de linguagem algébrico.
Desempenho de Futuros Professores numa tarefa de Proporcionalidade Envolvendo Quantidades de uma Grandeza
Authors: Fernandes José António
Published: May 2022

Neste artigo estuda-se o desempenho de estudantes, futuros professores dos primeiros anos, numa tarefa de proporcionalidade do quotidiano, envolvendo quantidades de uma grandeza. Participaram no estudo 72 estudantes do 1.º ano do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Básica de uma universidade do norte de Portugal. Os dados foram obtidos através de um questionário, versando vários conceitos de proporcionalidade. Neste estudo explora-se a tarefa do questionário que envolve uma situação de proporcionalidade envolvendo quantidades de uma grandeza. Dos principais resultados obtidos, salienta-se um melhor desempenho na situação de proporcionalidade aqui explorada do que em outras tarefas envolvendo quantidades de duas grandezas. Por outro lado, ao nível das estratégias de resolução, salientam-se as estratégias escalar e regra de três simples, em que a estratégia escalar parece ter sido despoletada pelo tipo de tarefa e a estratégia regra de três simples, tal como em outros estudos, manteve um elevado grau de adesão.
Um Estudo Dimensional das Representações Sociais sobre a Matemática de um Grupo de Estudantes do Ensino Médio
Authors: Jesus Rossely Valoni de , Torisu Edmilson Minoru
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho apresenta uma discussão em torno das representações sociais sobre a Matemática de um grupo de estudantes do Ensino Médio de um Instituto Federal mineiro. Apoia-se na Teoria das Representações Sociais de Moscovici e nas ideias de Jodelet para acessar o universo imaginário desses estudantes. Além disso, considera as dimensões escolar, afetiva, social e instrumental para desvelar representações sociais dos participantes, sobre a Matemática. O estudo nos revela que as experiências vividas na escola e as representações que circulam na sociedade sobre a Matemática, passam a fazer parte do universo imaginário dos estudantes e podem afetar seu comportamento, inclusive aqueles relacionados aos estudos. Os resultados também apontam que estudantes que percebem os conteúdos matemáticos como algo útil para o cotidiano ou para a futura profissão, costumam considerar essas características como motivos para estudar.
Modelagem Matemática nos Anos Iniciais no Contexto Remoto: uma análise do Raciocínio Proporcional
Authors: Bezerra Maria do Carmo Cardoso , Martins Nágela , Borssoi Adriana Helena , Silva Karina Alessandra Pessoa da
Published: May 2022

Neste artigo apresentamos resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi investigar a mobilização do Raciocínio Proporcional em uma atividade de modelagem matemática desenvolvida no contexto do ensino remoto. A fundamentação teórica baseia-se no entendimento da Modelagem Matemática como alternativa pedagógica e do Raciocínio Proporcional caracterizado nos aspectos de Lamon. Considerando uma abordagem qualitativa, analisamos um conjunto de dados obtidos por meio digital de registros escritos, falas e gestos de alunos do 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental no desenvolvimento de uma atividade de modelagem matemática. A análise de três episódios relativos ao desenvolvimento desta atividade nos indicou que há aspectos que são mobilizados espontaneamente pelos alunos, aspectos que são requeridos pelas professoras e aspectos que não se fizeram presentes, mas poderiam estar presentes se um planejamento direcionado fosse realizado.
Expediente e Editorial - Volume 15, número 37 – 2022
Authors: Pinto Thiago Pedro , Chiari Aparecida Santana de Souza , Rosa Fernanda Malinosky Coelho da
Published: May 2022

Expediente e Editorial - Volume 15, número 37 – 2022
DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI APLIKASI KIDUNG PUJIAN UNTUK TELEPON PINTAR
Authors: Rehiara Adelhard Beni , Paisey Fourys Y. S.
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

The technology of smartphones has made the possibility for humans to do multitasking activities by means of the smartphones. Statistic shows that Android-based smartphone users have dominated the usage of smartphones in Indonesia. This paper has reported the activity to create an offline Android application to support worship in several church denominations in Indonesia, and the result is a digital version of the hymns of Mazmur & Nyanyian Rohani. This application can be downloaded from the Google Play Store by free of both charge and advertising. Data shows that userâ€™s interest has continued to increase since it releases on 27 July 2021 where reaches more than 5000 users by 26 September 2021.

Keywords: Android; Mazmur; Nyanyian Rohani; Offline; Smartphone

 ABSTRAK

Teknologi telepon pintar telah memungkinkan manusia melakukan banyak aktifitas hanya dengan sebuah telepon pintar. Data statistik menunjukkan bahwa pengguna smartphone berbasis Android telah mendominasi pemakaian telepon pintar di Indonesia. Kegiatan dilaksanakan untuk membuat sebuah aplikasi Android yang bekerja secara luring untuk menunjang peribadatan pada beberapa denominasi gereja di Indonesia dan hasilnya adalah sebuah versi digital dari kidung pujian Mazmur & Nyanyian Rohani. Aplikasi ini dapat diunduh dari Google Play Store dan dapat digunakan secara cuma-cuma dan bebas dari layanan iklan. Data menunjukkan bahwa minat pengguna yang terus meningkat sejak dirilis pada tanggal 27 Juli 2021 hingga mencapai lebih dari 5000 pengguna pada tanggal 26 September 2021.

 Kata kunci: Android; Luring; Mazmur; Nyanyian Rohani; Telepon pintar
Electric Line Man Safety with Password Based Circuit Breaker
Authors: Patil Nitin S. , Patil Tejas D. , Patil Prashwa S. , Salokhe Onkar A. , Patil Arihant V.
Published: May 2022

The endeavor is deliberate to control an electrical transfer by using inclusive of a thriller word for the flourishing of electric person.Fundamental electrical disappointments to linemen are moving during electrically energized line fix because of nonappearance of correspondence and co-relationship among the safeguarding group of laborers and electric controlled substation gathering of specialists. This proposed shape gives a reaction that guarantees the security of care staff that is line person. The control to turn ON/OFF the line might be remained mindful of with the guide of the street fellow essentially in gentle of reality that this machine has a course of action such a lot of that a spine chiller key should canvas the electrical switch (On/Off). This machine is completely constrained using a microcontroller from the 8051 own loved ones. A Bluetooth contraption is a chiller key. The entered secret articulation is separated and the thrill ride key is put aside inside the (ROM) of the microcontroller. Expecting the spine chiller word inserted is definite, handiest the road conceivably created to become On/Off. The graduation/deactivation of the electrical switch is shown via a gentle that turns ON or OFF. Additionally, this endeavor in fate might be advanced via the utilization of EEPROM, for the client to trade the secret articulation for extra was given shape connection. It can moreover be connected with a GSM modem for genuinely controlling the electrical switch through SMS.
Percepção da violência na Cidade de Carmo do Rio Verde - Goiás
Authors: Coutinho Larisse Raquel de Araújo Oliveira , Cortizo Vitor Martins
Published: May 2022

O presente estudo faz parte do projeto para a compreensão de como o cidadão percebe a violência na cidade de Carmo do Rio Verde-Goiás, através de pesquisa bibliográfica  por meio da cientometria, que é um trabalho de caráter exploratório, que busca compreender o campo de estudos sobre a violência, a segunda fase desta pesquisa tem como objeto a realização de uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, de relevância para o estudo das relações sociais por meio da análise de casos comparativos, partindo das expressões e atividades das pessoas em seus contextos sociais. Para a execução da pesquisa foi realizado a coleta de dados por meio de um survey, realizado na cidade de Carmo do Rio Verde-Goiás. Inicialmente pretende-se demonstrar definições, tipos e formas, leis que conceituam a violência e como ela está inserida no ordenamento jurídico, posteriormente uma análise em relação ao tráfico de drogas e o aumento da violência. Por fim, a apresentação dos resultados do questionário aplicado, que demonstra a percepção da violência e um índice de comparativo entre os resultados.
Infantídicio: e a questão do estado puerperal no ordenamento jurídico
Authors: Paiva Ana Beatriz Fernandes , Vieira Guilherme Soares
Published: May 2022

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo discorrer acerca do puerpério, estado puerperal e infanticídio, nesta perspectiva, utilizou-se a metodologia qualitativa, tendo como método a revisão de literatura, realizando-se uma análise por meio da leitura de doutrinas, jurisprudências, artigos científicos, e dentre outras fontes de conhecimento, para uma melhor definição e apresentação do tema aqui avaliado, dividiu-se a pesquisa em duas seções, a primeira, determina diferencia o puerpério para o estado puerperal, analisando as particularidades de cada um. A segunda seção discorre a cerca do infanticídio e suas especificidades, tendo em vista que não um crime de fácil entendimento na sociedade, devido a diversas questões morais que a sociedade brasileira está abarcada.
A (in)constitucionalidade da cobrança de previdência dos inativos: sob a perspectiva da previdência especial do Estado de Goiás
Authors: Júnia Mônica Rezende Oliveira , Cortizo Vitor Martins
Published: May 2022

A presente pesquisa é qualitativa, básica, exploratória e bibliográfica, que tem como método utilizado o da revisão bibliográfica, que diante da exploração de artigos científicos, doutrinas específicas, e do ordenamento jurídico buscou-se alcançar o objetivo de entender as minucias que permeiam a cobrança de previdência dos servidores inativos e sua constitucionalidade, para isso a pesquisa foi seccionada, inicialmente será tratado da seguridade social e seus aspectos gerais, depois foi estudado sobre previdência social, e por fim, analisou-se a constitucionalidade da cobrança de contribuição previdenciária tendo como base princípios que norteiam todo ordenamento jurídico. Concluiu-se que a contribuição previdenciária cobrada dos servidores inativos do estado de Goiás fere inúmeros aspectos como o da proibição ao retrocesso social, dignidade humana e o direito adquirido.
Gobernanza y legitimidad en las federaciones deportivas colombianas (Governance and legitimacy in Colombian sports federations)
Authors: Ramos Acosta José , Arias Castaño Ana María , Gómez Solano Julie Hortencia , Ordoñez Saavedra Néstor , Carrillo Barbosa Ruby Lorena
Published: May 2022

Con base en la investigación que adelantó la Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales y el Comité Olímpico Colombiano, se elaboró el presente artículo, en el que se determina el estado de la gobernanza y legitimidad de las federaciones deportivas colombianas. Los resultados evidencian la existencia de debilidades relacionadas con el desequilibrio de género, como también, sobre la solidaridad con atletas e instituciones de menor jerarquía; el estudio estableció la necesidad de estructurar la creación de un observatorio de buena gobernanza. La muestra estuvo determinada, por ocho federaciones deportivas colombianas, en una población total de 19, cuya participación está reflejada en dar a conocer a través de elementos puntuales como su página web, sus estatutos, sus planes de gobierno, entre otros, acciones indirectas que evidencian elementos de transparencia, democracia, separación de poderes y solidaridad, los cuales son fundamento de la buena gobernanza y la legitimidad. La investigación se centró en evaluar las federaciones deportivas nacionales, con base en un estudio adelantado por la organización internacional Play the Game que evalúo el estado de la gobernanza y la legitimidad de las federaciones deportivas internacionales, las cuales hacen parte del programa olímpico. 
Abstract. This article was prepared based on the research carried out by the University of Applied and Environmental Sciences and the Colombian Olympic Committee, in which the state of governance and legitimacy of Colombian sports federations is determined. The results show the existence of weaknesses related to gender imbalance, as well as solidarity with athletes and lower-ranking institutions; the study established the need to structure the creation of a good governance observatory. The sample was taken from 8 federations out of a total of 19, in which their participation aims at the recognition of indirect actions that would present elements of transparency, democracy, separation of powers and democracy, through punctual elements such as their web page, statutes, government plans, among others; these to be shown as the basis of governance and legitimacy. The research focused on evaluating the national sports federations, based on a study carried out by the international organization Play the Game that evaluated the state of governance and the legitimacy of the international sports federations, which are part of the Olympic program.
Assessment of nutritional status of elderly population living at high altitude regions of India utilizing Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) methodology
Authors: Gupta Aakriti , Kapil Umesh , Belwal Ravi
Published: May 2022

Background: Malnutrition is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality amongst elderly population. There is lack of scientific evidence on the staus of malnutrition amongst elderly population residing at high altitude regions of Uttarakhand, India.
Background: Malnutrition is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality amongst elderly population. Lack of scientific evidence exists on the status of malnutrition amongst elderly population residing at high altitude regions of Uttarakhand, India. Materials and methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in high altitude regions of District Nainital. A total of 980 elderly subjects were selected from 30 clusters identified using population proportionate to size sampling method. Nutritional status of the elderly population was assessed using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool. Data was entered in MS Excel 2007 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: The results of MNA revealed that 14.3% of the elderly subjects were malnourished. High prevalence of malnutrition was found among subjects who were illiterate (74.5%), financially dependent (75.2%), belonged to low monthly income (43.3%) had poor appetite (71.6%) and chewing problems (63.1%); (p<0.0001). Conclusions: High prevalence of malnutrition was present amongst the elderly population in India. There is a need for timely assessment of malnutrition for maintenance of nutritional status and prevention of chronic diseases.
Materials and methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in high altitude regions of District Nainital. A total of 980 elderly subjects were selected from 30 clusters identified using population proportionate to size sampling method. Nutritional status of the elderly population was assessed using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool. Data was entered in MS Excel 2007 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.
 
Results: The results of MNA revealed that 14.3% of the elderly subjects were malnourished. High prevalence of malnutrition was found among subjects who were illiterate (74.5%), financially dependent (75.2%), belonged to low monthly income (43.3%) had poor appetite (71.6%) and chewing problems (63.1%); (p<0.0001).
 
Conclusions: High prevalence of malnutrition was present amongst the elderly population in India. There is a need for timely assessment of malnutrition for maintenance of nutritional status and prevention of chronic diseases.
Bringing lecturing back to life: An interactive perspective into university literature classes
Authors: İNCİ KAVAK Vildan , KIRKGÖZ Yasemin
Published: May 2022

Lecturing is often seen as an outdated and tedious mode of teaching in university education due to its monologue-style content delivery. However, some lecturers tend to embrace a more interactive approach to ensure a democratic and participatory learning environment, in which students are encouraged to contribute to discussions, problem-solving or critical thinking tasks. This strategy allows participants to interact and cooperate more equally, which levels the power asymmetry between lecturer and students. In the light of this discussion, the data for this study was collected through audio recordings, interviews, observations, and field notes in the English Language and Literature Department at a state university in Turkey. Seven teaching hours were audio-recorded and transcribed with Jeffersonian transcription codes (1984) for an in-depth conversation analysis of classroom lecturer-student and student-student interaction. The data along with complementary information from interviews and notes were also used to identify the interactional architecture of academic lectures. Representative extracts are provided to illustrate how the strategies are put into use and presented in the interaction. This paper thus offers an insight into the interactive lectures and techniques used to make teaching more interactive and cooperative in content-based classrooms, which would potentially be beneficial for lecturers to develop an awareness of their interactional habits and language alternation practices.
Analysis of the Influence Mechanism of Low-Carbon Consumption Behavior in Beijing, China
Authors: Dai Tiejun , Hu Huijing
Published: May 2022

Abstract

The daily consumption pattern of residents has an important influence on energy conservation and emission reduction, and tackling climate change. It is an important task for theoretical researchers and policy makers to guide and encourage residents to transform low-carbon consumption pattern. Based on the questionnaire survey, the structural equation model was established to explore the individual psychological factors and external factors which affect residents' low-carbon consumption behavior. Bootstrap method was used to explore and test the mediating effect of pre-variables. The discrepancies of different characteristic groups were analyzed by independent sample T test. The results showed that behavioral intention and low-carbon knowledge directly promoted residents' low-carbon consumption behavior. Psychological variables such as values, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control advanced residents’ low-carbon consumption behavior through behavioral intention. Policies and regulations affected residents’ low-carbon consumption behavior by individual psychological variables. Publicity and education could directly facilitate residents' low-carbon consumption behavior, and had a significant effect on behavior by improving the knowledge of low-carbon. Groups with different gender, age, educational background, family structure and monthly household income had a prominent discrepancy in low-carbon performance. On this basis, it provided targeted policy ideas for the government to guide residents to convert low-carbon lifestyle and consumption pattern.

JEL classification numbers: Q54, Q56, D12.
Keywords: Low-carbon consumption behavior, Psychological consciousness, Policies and regulations, Structural equation model, Mediating effect analysis.
Comparison between the values of intra-ocular pressure measured by Goldmann applanation tonometer and Air-Puff non-contact tonometer and their relationship with central corneal thickness
Authors: Javed Anum , Arshad Muhammad Owais , Nasir Javeria , Chatni Muhammad Hanif , Ayub Bushra
Published: May 2022

Objective: Glaucoma is a sight threatening disorder. Measuring the IOP with accuracy plays a pivotal role in diagnosing and monitoring glaucoma. The purpose of this study was to compare the values of non-contact tonometer; air-puff and GAT (Goldmann Applanation Tonometer) along with its correlation to central corneal thickness (CCT), in various IOP (intra-ocular pressure) groups.
Methods: Cross-sectional, prospective study. 311 patients were enrolled in this study. IOP was taken in all patients with APT and GAT. CCT was also measured. Data was analyzed and correlated with the help of Bland-Altman, Pearson correlation and intraclass correlation analysis regarding APT, GAT and CCT, using SPSS 24.0 software.
Results: The median IOP measured by APT and GAT was 14mmHg (range: 37) and 12mmHg (range: 16) where as the median CCT was 534µ (range: 44), respectively. At low (<10mm of Hg) and normal IOP (10-20mm of Hg) both instruments showed similar results but at higher IOP (21-30mm of Hg) GAT is concluded more accurate (P=<0.001).
Conclusion: GAT showed a high agreement with APT over a wide range of IOP. However, at moderate and higher group of IOP, APT revealed overestimation of IOP compared to GAT. CCT also plays a significant role.
Continuous...
Symptomatic COVID-19 Reinfection with Pericardial and Pleural Involvement: Case Report
Authors: Koyuncu Sokmen Bedriye , Tugce Hurkal
Published: May 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious acute respiratory tract infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a beta coronavirus first discovered in Wuhan, China in late 2019. COVID-19 is spreading rapidly globally and has been officially declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) as of March 2020. Most recent studies suggest that immunity can develop after an episode of severe acute respiratory syndrome Infections. There are few cases with severe symptomatic reinfection. Here we present a case of a healthy 46-year-old man with pericardial-pleural and lung involvement in the setting of COVID-19 infection first, and severe symptomatic reinfection thereafter.
Key Words: COVID-19 reinfection, COVID-19 pneumonia, lung CT.
Continuous...
Gastric Linitis Plastica and role of endoscopic ultrasound: an under-recognised diagnostic modality.
Authors: Aujla Usman Iqbal , Jabbar Sadia , Atique Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Gastric linitis plastica is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. Timely diagnosis is important for effective management. However, the conventional endoscopic biopsies are often inconclusive leading to delay in diagnosis and subsequent management. We present a case of a 55-year old female with high suspicion of gastric linitis plastica on gastroscopy with repeated negative endoscopic biopsies. She underwent an endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) at our center with establishment of diagnosis of gastric malignancy. There are no established guidelines about the role of EUS-FNA as a sequential diagnostic modality for this tumour. However, EUS-FNA is a highly sensitive modality to establish diagnosis in challenging cases where routine endoscopy remains inconclusive.
Keywords: Gastric linitis plastica, Endoscopic ultrasound, Fine needle aspiration.
Continuous...
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Pakistani females and its link to breast cancer
Authors: Hussain Mansoor  , Eisha Waqar  , Rabbia Tariq
Published: May 2022

Female breast cancer remains a major health concern due to its rising incidence and mortality rates around the world. Recent statistical trends have shown a significant increase in its prevalence, accounting for 11.7% of all cancer cases worldwide (1). In Pakistan, female breast cancer incidence is the highest among all other malignancies, with a total of 25,928 cases reported nationally in 2020 (2).
There are numerous risk factors for breast cancer: old age, family history of breast and reproductive tract malignancies, early menarche, nulliparity, late menopause, high-fat diet, alcohol consumption etc. (3). A study conducted in 2017 identified vitamin D deficiency (VDD) as a possible risk factor for breast cancer (4).  In 2020, the results of a case-control study conducted in Karachi, Pakistan, revealed that women with low serum VDD <20ng/ml were at a greater risk of developing breast cancer compared to patients with sufficient serum vitamin D >30ng/ml (5).
Historically, Pakistani women are prone to developing VDD despite abundant sun light due to Pakistan’s subtropical climate. The primary reason behind this paradox can be associated with the low air quality index in many of the major cities of the country. The high population density and closely-built infrastructure also act as barriers towards adequate sun exposure for Pakistani women. Furthermore, distorted beauty ideals that discourage women from going out in the sun are deeply rooted in South Asian culture. The cosmetics industry plays a huge role in reinforcing this notion through advertisements that glorify fair-skinned women. There is also a lack of awareness regarding balanced diets among women, especially from lower socio-economic backgrounds.
The possible correlation of VDD with female breast cancer has amplified the need for awareness programmes to educate the female population regarding the importance of vitamin D. Women-centric NGOs and healthcare organisations spreading awareness regarding breast cancer should emphasize VDD as its underlying cause and encourage them to spend more time outdoors and to include vitamin D supplements in their diet. Electronic media can also play a pivotal role in propagating this information. Lastly, the government’s ongoing food fortification programme against VDD and other nutritional deficiencies should be accelerated and strictly monitored to ensure its proper implementation and success.
With female breast cancer increasing at an unprecedented rate, the government must take effective measures to minimize the risk of breast cancer in vitamin D deficient females.
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Is liraglutide the solution for weight loss in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome?
Authors: Shaikh Taha Gul , Syed Hassan Ahmed  , Waseem Summaiyya
Published: May 2022

Madam, Liraglutide is an acylated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that helps patients suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 in control their blood glucose level day through its meal induced insulin secretion, so-called incretin effect.  The pharmacokinetic properties of liraglutide enable it to control 24-hour glycaemia(1). It is also found to decrease the risk of stroke and cardiovascular events among patients with type 2 diabetes. It has gained a lot of popularity as it is potent and can be taken in combination with almost any other diabetic medication.
However, the use of this drug is not just limited to the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Several recent studies have shown  that this drug could treat obese women suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). A randomized controlled trial published in 2015 in Hormones (Athens) compared the effect of liraglutide and metformin on weight loss in women with PCOS(2). Twenty-eight individuals participated in this study and were randomly categorized into patients receiving liraglutide (n=14) or patients receiving metformin (n=14). The study highlighted that the short-term use of liraglutide significantly reduced the weight in newly diagnosed PCOS womenThe aforementioned is not the only study that supports this result. A 2018 meta-analysis published in Obesity Reviews compared liraglutide, metformin and orlistat in reducing the weight in obese women suffering from PCOS(3). Data from 23 randomized controlled trials, consisting of 941 women, were evaluated, and the results showed that liraglutide whether used alone or in combination with metformin, helped reduce weight.
PCOS is one of the most prevalent endocrinology disorders in South Asia, including Pakistan. It leads to several health risks and is found to affect the quality of life. Most women with PCOS show signs of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and insulin resistance(4). Obesity along with insulin resistance is found to increase risk of hyperandrogenism. This leads to a chain of circumstances that promotes development of PCOS(5). Lifestyle changes and dietary modifications should be the first- line treatment for women with PCOS. But if lifestyle intervention is not effective in reducing weight, then the more aggressive treatment, use of liraglutide, should be considered after consultation with the health care professional.
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Equal adhesion to pneumocytes by pneumococci inducing bacteraemia and pneumonia
Authors: Ying Qu  , Meng Li  , Chunyan Gao  , Jin Zhang  , Xinhua Luo  , Guizhen Wang  , Xinyu Jiang  , Jinhong Yang  , Xiangyang Li  , Dakang Hu  , Wushuang Zhu  , Weiwei Shen
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a leading agent worldwide, which could cause community-acquired pneumonia, bacteraemia, and meningitis. However, the pathogeneses remain unclear. This study was conducted to investigate gene pneumococcal surface antigen A (psaA) expression and the adhesion differences of various S. pneumoniae strains. A total of 24 (N) S. pneumoniae strains were collected: 11 from blood (bd-SP), 12 from sputum (sd-SP) and one was ATCC49619. One millilitre of A549 pneumocytes (3.3×108/L) and 100 µl of each S. pneumoniae strain at 1.0 McFarland were mixed and incubated under 37 °C and 5% CO2 for three hours. The cells were centrifuged and extracted for psaA mRNA analysis. The former experiment was redone. After culture, the adherent cells were collected and cultured on blood agar plates. The ?CT values of psaA were 18.9, 29.9 (±2.5), 29.6 (±2.0) and 16.0, 17.0(±3.3), 18.6(±3.8) for ATCC49619, bd-SP and sd-SP before and after stimulation respectively, with the colony units of 23, 68.4 (±6.7) and 59.1 (±7.7), which showed equal adhesion between bd-SP and sd-SP. Moderate psaA expression and adhesion of S. pneumoniae might facilitate its pathogenesis, excess of which induces faster S. pneumoniae clearance.
Key Words: Streptococcus pneumoniae; Alveolar epithelial cells; Virulence; Adhesion; pneumonia.
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Medical Professionalism and culturally sensitive issues: Thinking ahead for the future medical graduates
Authors: Siddiqui Faezah , Ali Awais Malik
Published: May 2022

Over the past decade much of the attention has been addressed towards medical professionalism. However, the main dilemma is that both the Pakistani teachers and the students are too occupied in covering the cognitive knowledge that they are unable to spare sometime to practice the necessary skills, behavior and attitude. In order to understand how culture affects professionalism, one must first have a clear understanding of Pakistani culture. According to our best educated guess, we have suggested a few of the teaching methods which can assist in teaching culturally sensitive issues. Despite our suggestions, one cannot ignore the limitations in terms of constantly changing culture, difficulty in introducing unfamiliar teaching strategies and the copious amounts of time.
Establishing biotinidase reference interval, a foundation stone for newborn screening of biotinidase deficiency in Pakistan
Authors: Bibi Afshan , Zujaja Hina Haroon  , Amna Shujaat  , Muhammad Aamir  , Sobia Irum  , Syed Raza Jaffar
Published: May 2022

Objective: To determine the reference interval of biotinidase activity in healthy neonates.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from May to November 2019, and comprised blood samples collected from healthy neonates aged 2-6 days. The samples were collected on filter paper and analysed on genetic screening processor based on dissociation-enhanced lanthanide flouroimmunoassay. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the 120 dried blood spot specimens, 81(67.5%) were from male babies and 39(32.5%) from female babies. Reference interval for biotinidase activity, based on 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles, was from 3.0 to 11.0 nmol/ml/min.
Conclusion: Screening of newborns for biotinidase deficiency is crucial to prevent irreversible neurological damage.
Key Words: Biotinidase reference interval, Biotinidase deficiency, Newborn screening in Pakistan.
Analysis of Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation in Gliomas---a call for neurosurgeons and pathologists in Pakistan
Authors: Masood Muntaha , Rana Fayyaz Anwar  , Khalid Mehmood  , Maham Javed  , Tuaha Amjad  , Nadia Naseem
Published: May 2022

Tumours of the central nervous system, though not very common, pose a serious health burden owing to their high mortality rate. Glial tumours are the commonest type of brain tumours in Pakistani population. Diagnosis of gliomas has been greatly revolutionised over the past few years with integration of immunohistochemistry and molecular subtyping in the World Health Organisation’s updated 2016 classification of glial tumours. One of the major changes was incorporation of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation detection that is considerably a significant prognostic and predictive marker. The published data on isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation in the local population is hard to find. The current narrative review was planned to briefly describe the international trends regarding frequency of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation in gliomas, its predictive and prognostic significance and its impact on accurate diagnosis leading to a targeted therapeutic approach for patients.
Key Words: Gliomas, Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, Mutation, Classification, Prognosis, Treatment.
Role of microRNAs in non-functioning pituitary adenoma
Authors: Rajani Mehak , Yumna Mirza  , Rohan Advani  , Syed Muhammad Adnan Ali  , Syed Ather Enam
Published: May 2022

Non-functioning pituitary adenomas account for 30% of anterior pituitary tumours. Based on their inability to secrete hormones, these are often diagnosed incidentally or due to pressure symptoms. Understanding the pathogenesis of these adenomas can provide insight into factors leading to its progression and serving as biomarkers for early recognition. A literature search was performed in the current narrative review for articles published in PubMed for the last 10 years till January 2020 on micro-ribonucleic acid involved in the pathogenesis of non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Of the 478 articles found, 21(4.4%) were filtered. In total, 106 micro-ribonucleic acids were identified, 25(23.5%) of which appeared in more than one study. Among them, 7(28%)were up-regulated, 11(44%) down-regulated, and 7(28%) were either up- or down-regulated. Micro- ribonucleic acids allow the screening, diagnosis and treatment of diseases in a relatively easy and inexpensive manner.
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Polivinil Klorür İçeren Membranın Karakterizasyonunun ve Ekstraksiyon Veriminin Zaman İçerisinde Değişimi
Authors: YILDIZ Yasemin , MANZAK Aynur
Published: May 2022

Çalışmada polivinil klorür içeren polimerik membranın hazırlanmasının ardından belirli sürelerde oda sıcaklığında bekletilmesi ile membran morfolojisindeki değişim incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla membranlar, oda sıcaklığında ve herhangi bir toza veya kimyasala maruz bırakılmadan belli sürelerde laboratuvarda bekletilmiştir. Membranlarda bu süreler sonunda herhangi bir yırtılma ve yapısal bozulma meydana gelmemiştir. Membranların yüzey morfolojileri hakkında bilgi için taramalı elektron mikroskobu ile yüzey görüntüleri elde edilmiştir. Bu görüntülerde de yapısal bir bozunma olmadığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca membranların asit ve baza karşı dayanıklılıkları incelenmiş ve dayanıklıklarını korudukları belirlenmiştir. Bekletilen membranların metal ekstraksiyonunda akı ve verim değerlendirildiğinde, en az 6 ay ile 1 yıla kadar ciddi bir değişim görülmemiştir. Membran verimliliğinde de aynı sonuç elde edilmiştir. Elde ettiğimiz polimer içerikli membranların uzun zaman sonrada kullanılabildiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum PIM’ lerin ticari faaliyetlerdeki kullanımını artırabilmektedir.
Access to Success: Opening Higher Education in South Africa through Community Fundraising
Authors: Gredley Susan
Published: May 2022

Every community wants its children to reach their highest potential. Yet in a country shaped by a long history of social, economic and political inequality, most South Africans face severe constraints in achieving that goal.

Despite this, poorer communities have embraced Mandela’s words – “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world” – and made great sacrifices to ensure their children can pursue higher education.
Student Support Services: Opening TVET Education in South Africa through the Provision of Student Support
Authors: Zungu Sinethemba
Published: May 2022

The number of challenges facing students at South Africa’s Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges is profound. Many come in with fragile educational foundations, inadequate financial resources, insufficient English proficiency, and a lack of career guidance (Moodley & Singh 2015). Many others try to pursue their studies while already working full- or part-time, or caring for family members at home.

Meanwhile, TVET colleges themselves are trying to cope with the changing profile of the students they now serve. In any given classroom, lecturers encounter students from multiple language groups who may have physical or learning disabilities and who occupy several age categories.

To deal with the challenges that emerge from this – and the calls for TVET colleges to prepare their students for the Fourth Industrial Revolution – new programmes have been developed requiring higher cognitive investments from students and greater infrastructure and resource allocation from the government (DHET 2020).
Microcredentials and Digital Badges: Opening Higher Education in South Africa through Innovative Recognition
Authors: Jones Barbara
Published: May 2022

The traditional South African university degree programme – spanning multiple years, premised on students having a strong educational foundation – is in dire need of a rethink in a country where 39% of university students in contact programmes fail to graduate within six years of initial enrolment and a shocking 80% of distance learners fail to do so within ten years (DHET 2020). Such programmes often inadvertently reinforce the inequalities and injustices they are meant to overcome.

Part of the problem is structural. A three- or four-year commitment to a singular form of recognition (a degree) in a context where so many students cannot reach the finish line is wasteful and punitive. The ironic result is that many students end up with debts for degrees they never obtain and nothing to show on their CVs for what they learned.
Социально-психологические факторы, влияющие на формирование лидерских качеств в студенческом сообществе
Authors: Мардиева Шахноза
Published: May 2022

Данная статья обучающих занятий предназначена для воспитания ответственных, инициативных, творческих, целеустремленных руководителей. Статья ориентирована на выявление и реализацию лидерского потенциала подростка. Информация сможет помочь студентам более полно и объективно реализовать свой лидерский потенциал и пути его развития в рамках личностно и общественно полезной деятельности.
Aesthetic education in pedagogical activity
Authors: Rozikova Lola
Published: May 2022

The future of the article is covered by issues of formation of aesthetic education in pedagogical teachers and their introduction to the beauty of the inner world. The article effectively used the scientific works of foreign and local scientists in order to highlight the relevance of the topic.
Oilada bolalarda tolerantlikni shakllantirish va uning ahamiyati
Authors: Mirazimova Muxabbat
Published: May 2022

Maqolada oilada bolalarni tarbiyalash jarayonida toleran-tlikni shakllantirish va buni bolani kelgusida shaxs sifatida shakllantirishdagi ahamiyati ochib berilgan. Maqola mavzusini yoritishda xorijlik va mahalliy olimlarning ilmiy-tadqiqot ishlaridan nazariy manba sifatida foydalanildi. Maqoladagi asosiy tushunchalarni batafsil ta’riflash maqsadida mavzu doirasidagi adabiyotlar ilmiy va qiyosiy tahli qilindi. Maqoladan olingan xulosalarni pedagogika institutlarida talabalarni o‘qitish jarayonida foydalanish mumkin.
Ўқувчиларда креатив фикрлашни ривожлантириш муаммолари
Authors: Азимов Юсуфжон
Published: May 2022

Мақола компетенциявий ёндашувнинг ўқитиш жараёни-даги турли жиҳатлари, уни амалга оширишдаги тадқиқ этилиши зарур бўлган муаммолари кўриб чиқилган. Мақола мавзусини ёритишда хорижлик ва маҳаллий олимларнинг илмий ишланмаларидан кенг фойдаланилди.
Asal tarkibidagi diastoza fermentini aniqlash
Authors: Ибрагимов Фурқат , Насимова Дилдора , Рахматов Жаҳонгир
Published: May 2022

Ushbu maqolada Samarqand viloyatidagi asalarichilik fermer va dehqon xoʻjaliklarida yetishtirilgan asal mahsulotining tarkibidagi diastoza fermenti faolligini aniqlash boʻyicha oʻtkazilgan tajribalarning maʼlumotlari keltirilgan
Синтез полимер-комплексов, содержащих ионы кальция
Authors: Каримов М , Мирзохидов Х , Бабаев Т
Published: May 2022

Гидролизом коконов тутового шелкопряда в различных условиях водным раствором NaOH установлено, что скорость реакции зависит от концентрации щелочии температуры. Найдены оптимальные условия получения чистого полимера фиброина щелка. Впервые синтезированы полимерные металлокомплексы фиброина шелка с кальцием. Элементным анализом и комплексонометрическим методом определены доля связанных ионов металлов с фиброином. Методом ИК-спектроскопического исследования предложена возможная структура полученных полимерных металлокомплексов.
К вопросу производства ветеринарных биологических препаратов
Authors: Рузимуродов М , Оккиев С
Published: May 2022

Развитие и успехи ветеринарной отрасли в Узбекистане неразрывно связаны с биотехнологической наукой, а также изучением и разработкой мероприятий по борьбе с инфекционными заболеваниями животных. Основным фундаментом при этом является комплекс ветеринарной биотехнологии позволяющий изучать взаимодействие макро- и микроорганизма, патологические процессы, механизмы защиты, факторы неспецифической резистентности и другие вопросы.