bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Cross‐Responsiveness of Fluorescent Interpenetrated Zirconium–Organic Frameworks Integrated in Polymeric Membranes as a Multi‐Analyte Gas Sensor Array
Authors: Moscoso Francisco G. , Rodríguez‐Lucena David , Romero‐Guerrero Juan J. , Hamad Said , Carrillo‐Carrión Carolina , Pedrosa José M.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a series of Zr metal‐organic frameworks, whose hexanuclear clusters of Zr are connected with luminescent rodlike dicarboxylic acids, are used for the construction of a sensor array to selectively detect various analyte vapors. The chemical functionalization of the ligand (HOOC[PE‐aryl‐EP]COOH) (which alternates phenylene(P) and ethynylene(E) units) through the aryl core, is focused on obtaining six Porous Interpenetrated Zirconium‐Organic Frameworks (PIZOFs) with distinctive luminescent properties. Particularly, the synthesis of two new ligands (aryl = nitrobenzene;metal‐organic frameworks aryl = pyrazine) enabled the preparation of new PIZOFs (UPO‐1 and UPO‐2) with submicron sizes, thanks to the use of a microwave‐assisted synthetic method. The fluorescence properties of these two new PIZOFs, along with four others already reported, are thoroughly evaluated and noticeable changes are observed in their optical properties based on variations in the aryl core of the ligands. Furthermore, the presence of various volatile analyte vapors particularly modified their characteristic emission, resulting in multiple optical responses that are combined to achieve selectivity in detecting these analytes. Specifically, the construction of a fluorescent sensor array is proposed, incorporating the six PIZOFs into polyvinylidene‐fluoride (PVDF) films, capable of producing unique identification patterns for each analyte by leveraging the cross‐responsiveness of these sensing materials.
Ferroelectric‐Controllable Optoelectronic Performance in 2D‐Metallic SnSe/Sc0.25Al0.75N Heterostructure
Authors: Xu Bingqian , Du Ruofan , Wang Zekai , Li Xiaohui , Xu Qinwen , Ren Yuqi , Hu Chenxi , Song Luying , Chen Xiang , Peng Yanan , Liu Yan , Shi Jianping , Sun Chengliang , Cai Yao , Guo Shishang
Published: August 2024

Scandium‐doped aluminium nitride (ScxAl1‐xN)has made extensive progress in its applicationfor non‐volatile ferroelectric field effect transistors (FeFETs). However, ScAlN FeFET studies have mainly focused on memory devices based on n‐ and p‐type channel. Photodetectors based on ScAlN ferroelectric gatehave rarely been reported. Here, a FeFET device consisting of a metallic channel material, SnSe, and a ferroelectric gate material, Sc0.25Al0.75N is presented. Due to the different energy levels of Sc0.25Al0.75N and SnSe, a potential barrier is formed at the interface between them, which regulates the dark current and photoresponsivity of the heterostructure; meanwhile, the interfacial potential barrier is changed under three polarization states of Sc0.25Al0.75N. As a result, dark current of the device with Sc0.25Al0.75N gate is reduced by 104, on/off ratio is increased by 40 times, and the photoresponsivity is enhanced to 1 × 104 A W−1 compared with that of SiO2 gate; Moreover, on/off ratio of the devicesunder the positively polarized state is increased by nearly 103 underillumination; under the negatively polarized state, photoresponsivity reaches 5.4 × 105 and 3.1 × 104 A W−1 under illumination. This work demonstrates the feasibility of Sc0.25Al0.75N applied in FeFET photodetectors and opens up the possibility of developing ScAlN‐based optoelectronic devices.
Infection burden, periodontal pathogens, and their interactive association with incident all‐cause and Alzheimer's disease dementia in a large national survey
Authors: Beydoun May A. , Beydoun Hind A. , Hedges Dawson W. , Erickson Lance D. , Gale Shawn D. , Weiss Jordan , El‐Hajj Ziad W. , Evans Michele K. , Zonderman Alan B.
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

Relationships and interplay of an infection burden (IB) and periodontal pathogens or periodontal disease (Pd) markers with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and all‐cause dementia among US adults were examined.

METHODS

Less than or equal to 2997 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Survey III were linked to CMS‐Medicare [≥45 years (1988‐1994); ≤30 years follow‐up].

RESULTS

Hepatitis C (hazard ratio = 3.33, p = 0.004) and herpes simplex virus 2 were strongly associated with greater all‐cause dementia risk. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus oralis were associated with greater AD risk at higher IB. The red‐green periodontal pathogen cluster coupled with higher IB count increased the risk of all‐cause dementia among minority racial groups. Pocket probing depth associated with dementia risk at lower IB in the overall sample.

DISCUSSION

Select viruses and bacteria were associated with all‐cause and AD dementia, while the IB interacted with Pd markers in relation to these outcomes.

Highlights

Interplay of infection burden (IB) and periodontal disease with dementia was tested.

≤2997 participants from NHANES III were linked to Medicare.

Hepatitis C and herpes simplex virus 2 strongly associated with dementia risk.

Tetanus sero‐positivity increased Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk.

Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus oralis associated with AD at higher IB.

Red‐green periodontal cluster at high IB, increased dementia in racial minorities.

Pocket probing depth associated with dementia risk at lower IB.
Exocyclic and Linker Editing of Lys63‐linked Ubiquitin Chains Modulators Specifically Inhibits Non‐homologous End‐joining Repair
Authors: Saha Abhishek , Bishara Laila A. , Saed Yakop , Vamisetti Ganga B. , Mandal Shaswati , Suga Hiroaki , Ayoub Nabieh , Brik Ashraf
Published: August 2024

Despite the great advances in discovering cyclic peptides against protein targets, their reduced aqueous solubility, cell permeability, and activity of the cyclic peptide restrict its utilization in advanced biological research and therapeutic applications. Here we report on a novel approach of structural alternation of the exocyclic and linker parts that led to a new derivative with significantly improved cell activity allowing us to dissect its mode of action in detail. We have identified an effective cyclic peptide (CP7) that induces approximately a 9‐fold increase in DNA damage accumulation and a remarkable increase in apoptotic cancer cell death compared to the reported molecule. Notably, treating cells with CP7 leads to a dramatic decrease in the efficiency of non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs), which is accompanied by an increase in homologous recombination (HR) repair. Interestingly, treating BRCA1‐deficient cells with CP7 restores HR integrity, which is accompanied by increased resistance to CP7. Additionally, CP7 treatment increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to ionizing radiation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CP7 is a selective inhibitor of NHEJ, offering a potential strategy to enhance the effectiveness of radiation therapy.
Simultaneous In Vivo Imaging of Neutrophil Elastase and Oxidative Stress in Atherosclerotic Plaques Using a Unimolecular Photoacoustic Probe
Authors: Ma Yuan , Cao Hui , Chen Baode , Xu Xinyu , Zhang Qingpeng , Chen Haoming , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Song Guosheng
Published: August 2024

Atherosclerosis, a major global health concern with high morbidity and mortality rates, involves complex interactions of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and proteolytic enzymes. Conventional imaging methods struggle to capture the dynamic biochemical processes in atherosclerotic plaques. Here, we introduce a novel unimolecular photoacoustic probe (UMAPP) designed with specific binding sites for neutrophil elastase (NE) and the redox pair O2⋅−/GSH, enabling real‐time monitoring of oxidative stress and activated neutrophils in plaques. UMAPP, comprising a boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) core linked to a hydrophilic NE‐cleavable tetrapeptide and dual oxidative stress‐responsive catechol moieties, facilitates NE‐mediated modulation of photoinduced electron transfer impacting photoacoustic intensity at 685 nm (PA685). Furthermore, oxidation and reduction of catechol groups by O2⋅− and GSH induce reversible, ratiometric changes in the photoacoustic spectrum (PA745/PA685 ratio). Initial UMAPP applications successfully distinguished atherosclerotic and healthy mice, evaluated pneumonia‘s effect on plaque composition and verified the probe‘s effectiveness in drug‐treatment studies by detecting molecular alterations before visible histopathological changes. The integrated molecular imaging capabilities of UMAPP offer promising advancements in atherosclerosis diagnosis and management, enabling early and accurate identification of vulnerable plaques.
Tuning the Inter‐Metal Interaction between Ni and Fe Atoms in Dual‐Atom Catalysts to Boost CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Chen Yang , Zhao Jia , Pan Xiaoli , Li Lin , Yu Zhounan , Wang Xiaodong , Ma Tianyi , Lin Sen , Lin Jian
Published: August 2024

Dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) are promising for applications in electrochemical CO2 reduction due to the enhanced flexibility of the catalytic sites and the synergistic effect between dual atoms. However, precisely controlling the atomic distance and identifying the dual‐atom configuration of DACs to optimize the catalytic performance remains a challenge. Here, the Ni and Fe atomic pairs were constructed on nitrogen‐doped carbon support in three different configurations: NiFe‐isolate, NiFe‐N bridge, and NiFe‐bonding. It was found that the NiFe‐N bridge catalyst with NiN4 and FeN4 sharing two N atoms exhibited superior CO2 reduction activity and promising stability when compared to the NiFe‐isolate and NiFe‐bonding catalysts. A series of characterizations and density functional theory calculations suggested that the N‐bridged NiFe sites with an appropriate distance between Ni and Fe atoms can exert a more pronounced synergy. It not only regulated the suitable adsorption strength for the *COOH intermediate but also promoted the desorption of *CO, thus accelerating the CO2 electroreduction to CO. This work provides an important implication for the enhancement of catalysis by the tailoring of the coordination structure of DACs, with the identification of distance effect between neighboring dual atoms.
A Deep‐Red Emissive Sulfur‐Doped Double [7]Helicene Photosensitizer: Synthesis, Structure and Chiral Optical Properties
Authors: Yang Wen‐Wen , Ren Zi‐Heng , Feng Jiao , Lv Zhi‐Bang , Cheng Xingwen , Zhang Jianming , Du Daolin , Chi Chunyan , Shen Jun‐Jian
Published: August 2024

Doping of polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons (PCHs) with sulfur atoms is becoming more and more important as a means of creating unique functional materials. Recently, thiophene‐containing multiple helicenes have garnered enormous attention due to their intriguing electronic and (chir)optical properties compared with carbohelicenes. However, the efficient synthesis of thiopyran‐containing multiple helicenes and the underlying sulfur doping mechanisms are rather unexplored. Herein, the synthesis and structural analysis of a thiopyran‐containing double [7]helicene 3 are reported. X‐ray crystallographic analysis reveals 3 and its dication with C2‐symmetric propeller‐shape structures and compact interactions in the solid state. 3 exhibits deep‐red to near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence emission. Tunable aromaticity of the central benzene ring and thiopyran rings is found by chemical oxidation, which is further confirmed by nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS), anisotropy of the induced current density (ACID) and harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) analysis. Furthermore, the chiral and photosensitizing characters of 3 are investigated. The excellent deep‐red to NIR fluorescence, circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and photosensitizing activities suggest that 3 can be used as an outstanding photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and bioimaging, especially paving the way for future CPL‐PDT and CPL‐bio‐probe applications.
Semi‐aromatic poly(m‐xylylene adipamide‐co‐isophthalamide) copolyamides (MXD6/I): Effect of isophthalic acid on the thermal, crystallization, mechanical, and barrier properties
Authors: Guo Chaoyi , Jiang Jie , Zhu Zhihua , Li Jinjin , Zhao Ling , Xi Zhenhao
Published: August 2024

Semi‐aromatic nylon MXD6 shows superior mechanical strength and gas barrier properties. To improve its toughness and get sight into its excellent properties, a series of poly(m‐xylylene adipamide‐co‐isophthalamide) (MXD6/I) random copolyamides were synthesized using adipic acid, isophthalic acid (IPA) and m‐xylylene diamine as monomers via direct melt polycondensation. The effect of IPA content on the thermal, crystallization, heat resistant, mechanical, and barrier properties of the copolyamides were systematically investigated. The results showed that the increase of IPA content from 0 to 12 mol% resulted in a decrease in the melting point of the copolyamides from 238 to 217°C but the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased from 88 to 105°C. Correspondingly, the Vicat softening temperature decreased from 199.2 to 172.5°C. The crystallization rate of the copolyamides significantly decreased with the increase of the IPA content. The copolyamides had improved elongation and rupture energy and decent oxygen barrier properties with the introduction of IPA. It is expected that this study would guide design of MXD6 macromolecular chain structure to prepare high‐performance MXD6 materials.
Analysis of the limitations of organic powder for high‐temperature reprocessing of printed PLA parts
Authors: Santana Leonardo , Machado João F. F. , Barra Guilherme M. O. , Alves Jorge Lino
Published: August 2024

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is the most predominant additive manufacturing technology, not only in the industry but also for many hobbyists. This technology's popularity is because it is inexpensive, user‐friendly, and open source. However, compared to other manufacturing processes, like injection molding, FFF products still have some limitations, particularly mechanical properties. Despite this, some post‐processing techniques have been developed to improve such properties. One of these techniques involves applying heat treatments (HT). The objective of these HTs is to densify these FFF products and increase the crystallization degree of the semi‐crystalline polylactic acid (PLA). This kind of post‐processing is claimed to be a viable way to improve mechanical properties. The reprocessing in a powder bed is a type of HT which prevents thermal distortion by using a powder as a mold for the FFF component. The powder should be low cost and have easy access for any user. In this work, this HT was performed in flexural samples with an organic powder (corn flour) and it has improved maximum flexural strength (MFS) and flexural modulus (FM) by 18% and 14%, respectively. The color of parts, before and after HT, was also measured and a slight modification of the response was observed due to the HT. Despite the gains in mechanical properties, it was verified that corn flour produces a considerable amount of smoke during this HT. Thus, it was performed a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in three types of powders, namely corn flour, coffee powder, and corn starch. It was concluded that starch is the best one, however considering that all three organic powders release smoke, it is advisable not to use them for HT.
Growth and longevity of two imperilled mussel species from the Edwards Plateau of Central Texas and its implications for freshwater mussel conservation and management
Authors: de Moulpied Michael , Robertson Clinton R. , Smith Ryan , Johnson Matthew , Wootten Adrienne M. , Martin Elinor , Lopez Roel , Randklev Charles R.
Published: August 2024

Life history information such as growth and longevity have been useful for understanding evolutionary relationships and predicting species responses to management and habitat alteration for aquatic species. For unionid mussels, which are globally imperilled, life history information remains unknown for a majority of unionid mussels and because of this has not been broadly used to guide mussel conservation efforts.

To address this knowledge gap, growth and longevity were estimated for Cyclonaias petrina, Texas pimpleback, and Lampsilis bracteata, Texas fatmucket, using thin‐sectioning and validated using cross‐dating. Both species are proposed for listing under the US Endangered Species Act.

Growth and longevity estimates differed between C. petrina (K = 0.065, 0.086, 0.101; L∞ = 55.03, 76.44, 94.43) and L. bracteata (K = 0.187, 0.208; L∞ = 61.40, 61.52), and growth for L. bracteata correlated to annual flow indices. Cross‐dating revealed high interseries correlations (R = 0.400–0.573), indicating estimates can be viewed with some certainty.

Growth and longevity estimates indicate C. petrina is positioned near the K endpoint and L. bracteata near the r endpoint along the r/K life history continuum. This suggests C. petrina should be favoured in stable habitats where disturbance is minimal, whereas L. bracteata is expected to tolerate habitats with frequent and likely stochastic patterns of disturbance.

Knowledge of growth and longevity along with life history position provides a qualitative basis to help scientists and practitioners better anticipate how species will respond to environmental change and management actions. Given the conservation status of C. petrina and L. bracteata the life history findings from this study are timely and should be useful in their conservation.
A promising eco‐friendly and cost‐effective photocatalytic rolled graphene oxide/poly(m‐methylaniline) core–shell nanocomposite for antimicrobial action
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed M. , Alghuthaymi Mousa Abdullah , Shaban Mohamed , Rabia Mohamed
Published: August 2024

A new and innovative rolled graphene oxide (roll‐GO)/poly‐m‐methylaniline (PmMA) core–shell nanocomposite has been successfully synthesized using an in situ polymerization technique. This eco‐friendly and cost‐effective material shows great promise due to its antimicrobial properties. The characterization of the nanocomposite involved X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze its structure and functional groups, whereas scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to examine its morphology. TEM analysis revealed the formation of roll‐GO, forming multi‐walled tubes with inner and outer diameters of 50 and 70 nm, respectively. Optical analysis demonstrated an enhanced bandgap in the nanocomposite, with bandgap values of 2.38 eV for PmMA, 2.67 eV for roll‐GO, and 1.65 eV for roll‐GO/PmMA. The antibacterial efficacy of the nanocomposite was tested against Gram‐positive bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Gram‐negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. The well diffusion method was used to determine the inhibition zones, revealing that the nanocomposite demonstrated broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity against all the pathogens tested. The largest inhibition zones were observed for B. subtilis, followed by S. aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella sp. Notably, the inhibition zones increased when the samples were exposed to light compared to dark conditions, with increases of 33 and 18 mm noted for B. subtilis. This enhanced activity under light exposure is attributed to the photocatalytic properties of the nanocomposite. The antibacterial mechanism is based on both adsorption and degradation processes. Moreover, antibacterial activity was found to increase with increasing concentrations of nanoparticles, ranging from 100 to 500 ppm. This suggests that the nanocomposite has potential as an alternative to antibiotics, especially considering the growing issue of bacterial resistance. The promising results obtained from the inhibition zones make these nanocomposites suitable for various applications. Currently, the research team is working on the development of a prototype utilizing these antimicrobial particles within commercial bottles for sterilization purposes in factories and companies.
An ultrasensitive green synchronous factorized spectrofluorimetric approach for the simultaneous determination of Favipiravir and Molnupiravir: Application to pharmaceutical, environmental, and biological matrices
Authors: ElSherbiny Menna S. , Eid Sherif M. , Kelani Khadiga M. , Abdel Ghany Maha F. , El‐Olemy Ahmed , Hasan Mohamed A. , Abbas Mahmoud M.
Published: August 2024

During the pandemic, Favipiravir (FVP) and Molnupiravir (MPV) have been widely used for COVID‐19 treatment, leading to their presence in the environment. A green synchronous spectrofluorimetric method was developed to simultaneously detect them in environmental water, human plasma, and binary mixtures. Maximum fluorescence intensity was achieved at pH 8, with MPV exhibiting two peaks at 300 and 430 nm, and FVP showing one peak at 430 nm. A fluorescence subtraction method effectively removed interference, enabling direct determination of MPV at 300 nm and FVP at 430 nm. The method showed linearity within 2–13 ng/mL for FVP and 50–600 ng/mL for MPV, with recoveries of 100.35% and 100.12%, respectively. Limits of detection and quantification were 0.19 and 0.57 ng/mL for FVP and 10.52 and 31.88 ng/mL for MPV. Validation according to ICH and FDA guidelines yielded acceptable results. The method demonstrated good recoveries of FVP and MPV in pharmaceuticals, tap water and Nile water (99.62% ± 0.96% and 99.69% ± 0.64%) as per ICH guidelines and spiked human plasma (94.87% ± 2.111% and 94.79% ± 1.605%) following FDA guidelines, respectively. Its environmental friendliness was assessed using Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and the Analytical Greenness Metric (AGREE) tools.
Engineering a versatile yeast platform for sesquiterpene production from glucose or methanol
Authors: Gao Linhui , Zhang Kun , Shen Yiwei , Cai Peng , Zhou Yongjin J.
Published: August 2024

Natural sesquiterpene are valuable compounds with diverse applications in industries, such as cosmetics and energy. Microbial synthesis offers a promising way for sesquiterpene production. Methanol, can be synthesized from CO2 and solar energy, serves as a sustainable carbon source. However, it is still a challenge to utilize methanol for the synthesis of value‐added compounds. Pichia pastoris (syn. Komagataella phaffii), known for its efficient utilization of glucose and methanol, has been widely used in protein synthesis. With advancements in technology, P. pastoris is gradually engineered for chemicals production. Here, we successfully achieved the synthesis of α‐bisabolene in P. pastoris with dual carbon sources by expressing the α‐bisabolene synthase gene under constitutive promoters. We systematically analyzed the effects of different steps in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway when methanol or glucose was used as the carbon source. Our finding revealed that the sesquiterpene synthase module significantly increased the production when methanol was used. While the metabolic modules MK and PMK greatly improved carbon source utilization, cell growth, and titer when glucose was used. Additionally, we demonstrated the synthesis of β‐farnesene from dual carbon source by replacing the α‐bisabolene synthase with a β‐farnesene synthase. This study establishes a platform strain that is capable to synthesize sesquiterpene from different carbon sources in P. pastoris. Moreover, it paves the way for the development of P. pastoris as a high‐efficiency microbial cell factory for producing various chemicals, and lays foundation for large‐scale synthesis of high value‐added chemicals efficiently from methanol in P. pastoris.
3D‐printed titanium scaffolds loaded with gelatin hydrogel containing strontium‐doped silver nanoparticles promote osteoblast differentiation and antibacterial activity for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Anushikaa Ramprasad , Ganesh S. Shree , Victoria Venkadesan Sri Swetha , Shanmugavadivu Abinaya , Lavanya Krishnaraj , Lekhavadhani Sundaravadhanan , Selvamurugan Nagarajan
Published: August 2024

Bone tissue engineering offers a promising alternative to stimulate the regeneration of damaged tissue, overcoming the limitations of conventional autografts and allografts. Recently, titanium alloy (Ti) implants have garnered significant attention for treating critical‐sized bone defects, especially with the advancement of 3D printing technology. Although Ti alloys have impressive versatility, their lack of cellular adhesion, osteogenic and antibacterial properties are significant factors that contribute to their failure. Hence, to overcome these obstacles, this study aimed to incorporate osteoinductive and antibacterial cue‐loaded hydrogels into 3D‐printed Ti (3D‐Ti) scaffolds. 3D‐Ti scaffolds were synthesized using the direct metal laser sintering method and loaded with a gelatin (Gel) hydrogel containing strontium‐doped silver nanoparticles (Sr‐Ag NPs). Compared with Ag NPs, Sr‐doped Ag NPs increased the expression of Runx2 mRNA, which is a key bone transcription factor. We subjected the bioactive 3D‐hybrid scaffolds (3D‐Ti/Gel/Sr‐Ag NPs) to physicochemical and material characterization, followed by cytocompatibility and osteogenic evaluation. The microporous and macroporous topographies of the scaffolds with Sr‐Ag NPs showed increased Runx2 expression and matrix mineralization, with potent antibacterial properties. Therefore, the 3D‐Ti scaffolds incorporated with Sr‐Ag NP‐loaded Gel hydrogels favored osteoblast differentiation and antibacterial activity, indicating their potential for orthopedic applications.
An Insight of Plant Source, Toxicological Profile, and Pharmacological Activities of Iridoid Loganic Acid: A ComprehensiveReview
Authors: Aktar Asma , Bhuia Shimul , Chowdhury Raihan , Ferdous Jannatul , Khatun Muslima , Hasan Sakib Al , Mia Emon , Hasan Rubel , Islam Muhammad Torequl
Published: August 2024

This study evaluates the pharmacological effects of iridoid glucoside loganic acid, a plant constituent with diverse properties, based on literature, and explores the underlying cellular mechanisms for treating several ailments. Data were collected from reliable electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, etc. The results demonstrated the anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, and other protective effects of loganic acid on metabolic diseases and disorders such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and obesity, in addition to its osteoprotective and anticancer properties. The antioxidant activity of loganic acid demonstrates its capacity to protect cells from oxidative damage and mitigates inflammation by reducing the activity of inflammatory cytokines involving TNF‐α and IL‐6, substantially upregulating the expression of PPAR‐γ/α, and decreasing the clinical signs of inflammation‐related conditions related to hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis. Meanwhile, loganic acid inhibits bone loss, exhibits osteoprotective properties by increasing mRNA expression levels of bone synthesizing genes such as Alpl, Bglap, and Sp7, and significantly increases osteoblastic proliferation in preosteoblast cells. Loganic acid is an anti‐metastatic drug that reduces MnSOD expression, inhibits EMT and metastasis, and prevents cellular migration, proliferation, and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. However, additional clinical trials are required to assess its safety, efficacy, and human dose.
18FDG PET/CT imaging of adenovirus‐associated acute interstitial nephritis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Jadot G. , Poire X. , Lhommel R. , Dachy G.
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Adenovirus‐associated acute interstitial nephritis (AAIN) should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute kidney failure following allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Although not intended for the definitive diagnosis of AAIN, 18FDG PET/CT can be a helpful noninvasive diagnostic tool, especially when a biopsy is not feasible.
Pyroglutamic acidosis in the setting of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia treated with flucloxacillin—An uncommon cause of high anion gap metabolic acidosis
Authors: See Aaron Yee Shuen , Lau Ashton Zheng‐Boon , Thiruvengadam Srivathsan
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Pyroglutamic acidosis (PGA) or 5‐Oxoprolinuria is an uncommon and often overlooked cause of high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA). This case highlights the importance of systematically approaching HAGMA, and to consider PGA as a differential diagnosis when medications that disrupt the γ‐glutamyl cycle such as flucloxacillin and paracetamol are present.
Kaposi disease revealing HIV treatment breach: A report of two cases
Authors: Attal Camille , Demoury Benjamin , Reimbold Pierre , Mensah Aurore , Lescaille Géraldine , Rochefort Juliette
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

The purpose of this article is to highlight that oral Kaposi's disease can be indicative of a high viral load of HIV, either in the case of primary infection or therapeutic failure.

We report two cases of Kaposi Disease associated with HIV. The first case was a 30‐year‐old patient who unaware of her HIV‐positive status, and who was diagnosed with AIDS stage because of the biopsy revealed a gingival location of Kaposi disease. The second case was a 34‐year‐old patient who was referred to our department with a history of palatal lesion and claimed at first having no previous known medical conditions although his overall health condition seemed deteriorated. Our clinical examination was evocative of Kaposi Disease, which was confirmed by an emergency blood assessment and histological examination. Our diagnosis led us to disclose the HIV‐positive status of the patient and identify a progression to the AIDS stage, which allowed us to reintroduce the patient in the hospital framework. This case emphasizes the role of the oral surgeon as a key actor thanks to their knowledge of the clinical buccal manifestations of sexually transmitted infections (STI), in an era of resurgence of those conditions in vulnerable key populations.
Successful bone marrow transplantation in a patient with Omenn syndrome, a rare variant of severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome: A case report
Authors: Khan Ubaid , Umer Muhammad , Muhammad Aiman , Iltaf Arej , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) saves lives in Omenn syndrome, a severe immunodeficiency disorder. Timely genetic diagnosis and matched donor BMT are crucial. Emphasis on newborn screening and multidisciplinary care improves outcomes for infants with inherited disorders. Prompt intervention and comprehensive management are vital for a successful transplant outcome.

Omenn syndrome represents a severe variant of combined immunodeficiency characterized by disregulated immune responses and susceptibility to recurrent infections. We present the case of a 3‐month‐old female infant initially presenting with upper respiratory infection symptoms and a diffuse rash, unresponsive to local treatment. At 4 months of age, the patient underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) utilizing stem cells from a fully matched sibling donor. Pre‐transplant conditioning included antimicrobial prophylaxis and supportive therapies. Following BMT, the patient received immunosuppressive medications to prevent graft rejection and graft‐versus‐host disease. Clinical monitoring post‐transplant showed timely neutrophil and platelet engraftment, with subsequent follow‐up demonstrating stable clinical parameters and negative cytomegalovirus status. The case highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment in managing severe immunodeficiency disorders, demonstrating the potential for successful outcomes with appropriate timely interventions. Regular monitoring and follow‐up appointments were crucial in ensuring the success of the treatment. This case also emphasizes the significance of multidisciplinary care and genetic testing in identifying and managing rare immunodeficiency disorders. The successful outcome in this case provides hope for improved treatment options and better patient outcomes in the future.
Bimolecular Homolytic Substitution (SH2) at a Transition Metal
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li Kai‐Dian , Huang Huan‐Ming
Published: August 2024

Transition metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions have become a powerful and widely used synthetic approach for the construction of both carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds. These reactions have revolutionized synthetic chemistry by enabling the efficient formation of complex molecular architectures. Among the various methods available, the bimolecular homolytic substitution (SH2) reaction has emerged as an attractive and versatile method for the formation of C(sp3)−C(sp3) and C(sp3)‐heteroatom bonds. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of radical SH2 reactions, particularly those involving different transition metal complexes such as cobalt, nickel, and iron. These advancements have expanded the scope of SH2 reactions, allowing for greater diversity in substrate compatibility and reaction conditions. In this review, we aim to highlight the latest breakthroughs and mechanistic insights into radical SH2 reactions, focusing on the role of transition metal catalysts in facilitating these transformations. We will discuss the various types of transition metal complexes that have been employed, the mechanistic pathways involved, and the potential applications of these reactions in the synthesis of complex organic molecules.
Copper‐Catalyzed Aromatization‐Driven Ring‐Opening Amination and Oxygenation of Spiro Dihydroquinazolinones
Authors: Li Wenke , Miao Hong‐Jie , Zhang Jin‐Hua , Duan Xin‐Hua , Guo Li‐Na
Published: August 2024

Mild and inexpensive copper‐catalyzed aromatization‐driven ring‐opening amination and oxygenation of spiro dihydroquinazolinones are presented, respectively. These protocols provide facile and atom‐economical access to the aminated and the carbonyl‐containing quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones in good yields with good functional group compatibility, which are difficult to obtain by conventional methods. Remarkably, a telescoped procedure involving the condensation and the ring‐opening/functionalization for simple cycloalkanone was found to be accessible. Mechanistic studies suggest a radical pathway for this transformation.
Integrating autoencoder with Koopman operator to design a linear data‐driven model predictive controller
Authors: Wang Xiaonian , Ayachi Sheel , Corbett Brandon , Mhaskar Prashant
Published: August 2024

Non‐linear model predictive control (NMPC) is increasingly seen as a promising tool to tackle the problem of handling process nonlinearity and achieve optimal operation. One roadblock to NMPC implementation, however, is the lack of a good model, whether a first‐principles‐based or a non‐linear data‐driven‐based model such as artificial neural networks (ANN). This manuscript proposes a data‐driven modelling approach that integrates an autoencoder‐like network and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) methods to result in a non‐linear modelling technique where the non‐linearity in the model stems from the modelling of the measured variables. The proposed method results in a semi‐linear state‐space model where the mapping between the model state and outputs are non‐linear (via the autoencoder‐like network) while the model dynamics are linear. In the subsequent model predictive controller (MPC) implementation, the autoencoder translates setpoints and outputs to the states of a state space model. The proposed approach is illustrated using a continuously stirred tank reactor simulation example. For comparison, a linear MPC and non‐linear MPC based on a traditional neural network (NN) model, a classic Koopman operator‐based MPC, and (to benchmark) a perfect model‐based NMPC are implemented and tested on several setpoint tracking tasks. The proposed MPC design outperforms the other data driven MPCs, and has similar performance as the first‐principles‐based NMPC while requiring less computational time and without requiring first principles knowledge.
Perioperative skin color in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Toya Wakana , Akizuki Yuki , Ohno Yohei , Kutsuzawa Tomoko
Published: August 2024

Patients who undergo transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) may become pale during the early postoperative period. To clarify whether facial colors changed during the postoperative period, patients' skin color from before to 72 h after TAVI was measured spectrophotometrically. Factors associated with skin color were also investigated. Forehead skin color and vital signs were measured before TAVI and at 6, 18, and 72 h after TAVI in 11 patients scheduled for TAVI. Blood examinations were performed before and 18 and 72 h after TAVI. Skin color was assessed using a spectrophotometer and expressed as L* (lightness), a* (red/green), and b* (yellow/blue) according to the CIE1976L*a*b* color space. Skin lightness L* values increased at 6 and 18 h after TAVI and returned at 72 h after TAVI and a* values decreased at 6 h after TAVI. The b* values did not change perioperatively during TAVI. No associations were observed between the changes in skin color and changes in BP or laboratory data. The findings that the skin color became whitish and less reddish in the early postoperative period resembled that occurring during an acute inflammatory response. Observation of skin color is important to detect the possibility of postoperative complications.
Effect of Terminal Hydroxy Groups on the Structural Properties of Acyl Thioureas
Authors: Nossa González Diana L. , Gómez Castaño Jovanny A. , Echeverria Gustavo A. , Piro Oscar E. , Saeed Aamer , Erben Mauricio F.
Published: August 2024

The 1‐acyl thiourea family [R1C(O)NHC(S)NR2R3] exhibits the flexibility to incorporate a wide variety of substituents into their structure. The structural attributes of these compounds are intricately tied to the type and extent of substitution. In the case of 3‐mono‐substituted thioureas (R2=H), the conformational behavior is predominantly shaped by the presence of an intramolecular N−H ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ O=C hydrogen bond. This study delves into the structural consequences stemming from the inclusion of substituents possessing hydrogen‐donor capabilities within four novel 1‐acyl‐3‐mono‐substituted thiourea derivatives. A comprehensive suite of analytical techniques, encompassing FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, multinuclear (1H and 13C) NMR spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and supported by computational methods, notably NBO (Natural Bond Orbital) population analysis, Hirshfeld analysis, and QTAIM (Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules), was harnessed to scrutinize and characterize these compounds. In the crystalline state, these compounds exhibit an intricate interplay of intermolecular interactions, prominently featuring an expansive network of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxy (−OH) groups and the carbonyl and thiocarbonyl bonds within the 1‐acyl thiourea fragment. Notably, the topological analysis underscores significant distinctions in the properties of the acyl thiourea fragment and the intramolecular >C=O ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ H−N bond when transitioning from the isolated molecule to the crystalline environment.
Enantioselective Discrimination via Wireless Chemiresistive Devices
Authors: Niamlaem Malinee , Grecchi Sara , Malacarne Filippo , Salinas Gerardo , Arnaboldi Serena
Published: August 2024

Developing chemiresistive devices for the wireless detection of complex analytes has gained considerable interest. In particular, the enantioselective recognition of chiral molecules is still a challenge. Here, we design a hybrid chemiresistive device for the wireless enantioselective discrimination of chiral analytes by combining the enantiorecognition capabilities of an inherently chiral oligomer, that is, oligo‐(3,3’‐dibenzothiophene) (BT2T4) and the insulating/conducting transition of polypyrrole (Ppy). The device is obtained by modifying each extremity of an interdigitated electrode (IDE) with Ppy on the interdigitated area and oligo‐BT2T4 on the connection pads. Due to the asymmetric electroactivity triggered by bipolar electrochemistry, the wireless enantioselective discrimination of both enantiomers of tryptophan and DOPA was achieved. A difference in the onset resistance values was obtained for both enantiomers due to a favorable or unfavorable diastereomeric interaction between the inherently chiral oligomer and the antipode of the chiral molecule. Interestingly, such a device showed a wide quantification range, from μM to mM levels. This work opens up new alternatives to designing advanced wireless devices in enantiorecognition.
Environment‐Benign Colloidal Quantum Dots‐Modified Dual Photoelectrodes for Self‐Biased Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Xia Li , Li Xin , Yang Yang , Tong Xin
Published: August 2024

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting based on colloidal quantum dots (QDs) presents a promising approach for utilizing solar energy to produce green hydrogen energy. Previous research has been mainly focused on the single‐photoelectrode QDs‐PEC device operated under external bias, while the investigation of dual‐photoelectrode configuration for self‐biased QDs‐PEC system is still lacking. In this work, two types of eco‐friendly Cu‐AISe/ZnSe:Cu (CZAC) and Mn‐AIS/ZnS@Cu (MAZC) QDs were used to respectively sensitize the semiconductor n‐type TiO2 and p‐type Cu2O photoelectrodes, which acted as the photoanode and photocathode to build a heavy metal‐free QDs‐based bias‐free solar water splitting cell, yielding a maximum photocurrent density of 0.47 mA cm−2 and a solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) efficiency of 0.4 % under 1 sun AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW cm−2). Moreover, approximate 692 nmol of H2 and 355 nmol of O2 with molar ratio of ~2 : 1 was detected after two hours of continuous light illumination, demonstrating the effective overall water splitting. This work indicates a significant advancement towards the realization of a cost‐effective, efficient and “green” QDs‐based artificial solar‐to‐fuel conversion system.
Assessing Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) Symptoms Using the Nine Item ARFID Screen in >9000 Swedish Adults With and Without Eating Disorders
Authors: Presseller Emily K. , Cooper Gabrielle E. , Thornton Laura M. , Birgegård Andreas , Abbaspour Afrouz , Bulik Cynthia M. , Forsén Mantilla Emma , Dinkler Lisa
Published: August 2024

Objective

The Nine Item ARFID Scale (NIAS) is a widely used measure assessing symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Previous studies suggest that individuals with eating disorders driven by shape/weight concerns also have elevated scores on the NIAS. To further describe NIAS scores among individuals with diverse current and previous eating disorders, we characterized NIAS scores in a large sample of individuals with eating disorders and evaluated overlap in symptoms measured by the NIAS and the Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) version 6.0.

Method

Our sample comprised 9148 participants from the Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative Sweden (EDGI‐SE), who completed surveys including NIAS and EDE‐Q. NIAS scores were calculated and compared by eating disorder diagnostic group using descriptive statistics and linear models.

Results

Participants with current anorexia nervosa demonstrated the highest mean NIAS scores and had the greatest proportion (57.0%) of individuals scoring above a clinical cutoff on at least one of the NIAS subscales. Individuals with bulimia nervosa, binge‐eating disorder, and other specified feeding or eating disorder also demonstrated elevated NIAS scores compared to individuals with no lifetime history of an eating disorder (ps < 0.05). All subscales of the NIAS showed small to moderate correlations with all subscales of the EDE‐Q (rs = 0.26–0.40).

Discussion

Our results substantiate that individuals with eating disorders other than ARFID demonstrate elevated scores on the NIAS, suggesting that this tool is inadequate on its own for differentiating ARFID from shape/weight‐motivated eating disorders. Further research is needed to inform clinical interventions addressing the co‐occurrence of ARFID‐related drivers and shape/weight‐related motivation for dietary restriction.
Exploring the association between patient‐drawn pain diagrams and psychological and physical health variables: A large‐scale study of patients with low back pain
Authors: Harsted Steen , Chang Natalie H. S. , Nim Casper , Young James J. , McNaughton David T. , O'Neill Søren
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite the use of Patient‐Drawn Pain Drawings (PDPDs) in clinical settings, their validity as indicators of psychological distress remains debated. We aimed to assess the association between PDPD areas and physical health and psychological variables.

Methods

This study analysed digitally‐drawn PDPDs from 15,345 chronic low back pain (LBP) patients at a Danish outpatient hospital unit. We employed a novel quantitative approach to calculate four log‐transformed geometric pain areas for each PDPD. We assessed six psychological constructs and seven physical health variables. Associations were modelled using multivariable linear regression.

Results

Increasing leg pain intensity (estimates from 0.12 to 0.25), disability (estimates from 0.3 to 0.14), and pain duration (estimates from 0.10 to 0.33) had the strongest associations with increasing pain areas. Conversely, increasing fear of movement (estimates from −0.02 to −0.05) and catastrophizing (estimates from −0.02 to −0.03) were associated with slight reductions in pain areas. Anxiety and depression had the weakest and most uncertain relationships to pain area size.

Conclusions

Increasing levels of leg pain intensity, pain duration, and pain‐related disability were consistently associated with larger geometric pain areas in PDPDs. Conversely, the associations between the psychological constructs and the geometric pain areas exhibited varying directions and were notably weaker. Clinicians are encouraged to focus on the association of PDPDs with physical symptoms rather than psychological conditions during clinical assessments.

Significance Statement

This large‐scale study demonstrates that extensive pain areas in pain drawings drawn by LBP patients do not signify psychological distress. Our findings reveal that these pain representations are more closely linked to increased pain intensity, pain duration, and disability rather than being independently associated with psychological factors. Clinicians are encouraged to focus on the association of extensive pain areas with physical symptoms rather than psychological distress during clinical assessments.