bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Role of Interleukin-2 in the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Seyed Ebrahimi Seyed Alireza , Karamian Elham , Goli Zahra Sadat , Mirseifi Leila Sadat
Published: November 2021

Background: Hospitalization due to any reason or medical condition is associated with fear, anxiety, and depression. Psychological and physiological factors have a significant impact on hospitalization outcomes. Objectives: Given the functional importance of inflammatory cytokines and studies in previous studies on the relationship between inflammatory cytokines and major depressive disorder, we will focus more on studies on the role of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder in hospitalized patients. Methods: We used PubMed, Scopus, and Elsevier databases to search for articles from 1999 to 2021, emphasizing the studies of the last five years. Results: In general, there was no consistent pattern in the observed relationships between cytokine concentrations or changes and clinical signs of significant depression. IL-2 and IL, two receptors in the body, play an essential role in the treatment and the pathophysiology of depression and major depression. Conclusion: Finally, it can be concluded that hospitalization generally exposes the patient to inflammation. Studies show an increased risk of inflammation following hospitalization of patients, and many studies confirm the association of major depression with inflammatory cytokines and, more concentrated, IL-2.
Efficacy and safety of Sahastara remedy for pain relief: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Phimarn Wiraphol , Taengthonglang Chatmanee , Saramunee Kritsanee , Sungthong Bunleu
Published: November 2021

The Sahastara (SHT) remedy is an herbal medicine that can be used as an alternative treatment for improving pain symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the SHT remedy for pain relief. PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, TCI, and ThaiLis were systematically searched for relevant articles from inception to April 2021. We only included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in which the efficacy and safety of the SHT remedy were compared with those of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were independently performed by two reviewers. The clinical therapeutic outcomes were the pain score, WOMAC score, Oswestry Disability Index score, 100 meters walk result, global assessment, and adverse events of the SHT remedy. The outcomes were assessed and pooled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Four studies with 213 participants were included in the analysis. The efficacy of the SHT remedy was not different from that of NSAIDs in terms of the pain score (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.31; 95% CI = -1.26, 0.65; I2 = 91%), WOMAC score (SMD = 0.05; 95% CI = -0.30, 0.41; I2 = 0.0%), Oswestry Disability Index score (SMD = -0.41, 95% CI = -1.18, 0.35), 100 meters walk result (SMD = 0.31; 95% CI = -0.25, 0.87; I2 = 0.0%), and global assessment (relative risk = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.62, 1.16; I2 = 0.0%). Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences between the SHT remedy and NSAID treatment groups in terms of adverse events or liver function. This meta-analysis demonstrated that the SHT remedy is not different from NSAIDs in terms of clinical therapeutic efficacy and adverse events. However, larger and well-designed studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.
Antihyperglycaemic and haematological effects of ethanol extract of Salacia lehmbachii leaf in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats
Authors: Akuodor Godwin Christian , Udia Pius Monday , Ohadoma Sylvester Chika , Obi Ifeanyi M. , Megwas Anthony Uchenna , Chilaka Jane Ugochi , Chilaka Kingsley Chimsorom , Udoh Francis Vincent
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Salacia lehmbachii is used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the hypoglycaemic potentials of ethanol leaf extract of S. lehmbachii and its effects on alloxan-induced diabetic rats’ haematological parameters. Methods: A total of 36 male Wistar rats including normal, diabetic untreated, and diabetic treated ones were used in this study. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg of alloxan. When confirmed diabetes, the rats were orally administered 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg daily of the leaf extract for 21 days. The blood glucose levels and haematological parameters were determined in diabetic treated rats compared with the controls. Results: The ethanol leaf extract of S. lehmbachii significantly reduced the blood glucose levels of alloxan-induced diabetic rats when compared with the diabetic control (P < 0.01). The extract also significantly (P < 0.01) improved the haematological parameters of treated rats at three doses employed. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ethanol leaf extract of S. lehmbachii possesses antihyperglycaemic properties and could be considered a potential candidate for the development of new drugs in the treatment of anaemic conditions.
In vitro inhibitory potentials of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera flower against enzymes activities linked to diabetes
Authors: Olasehinde Oluwaseun Ruth , Afolabi Olakunle Bamikole , Omiyale Benjamin Olusola , Olaoye Oyindamola Adeniyi
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been recognized as the seventh leading cause of global mortality; however, researchers seek alternative means to manage the menace. The current study sought to investigate antioxidant potentials, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera flower in vitro. Methods: Antioxidant properties of the extract were appraised by assessing its inhibition against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH•), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) free radicals, as well as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), the antidiabetic activity was evaluated by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition.Results: In this study, ethanolic extract of M. oleifera flower demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) inhibition against DPPH free radical (43.57–83.56%) in a concentration-dependent manner, while FRAP (101.76 ± 1.63 mg/100 g), OH• scavenging ability (71.62 ± 0.95 mg/100 g), and H2O2 free radical scavenging capacity (15.33 ± 1.20 mg/100 g) were also observed. In the same manner, ethanolic extract of M. oleifera flower revealed a significant (P < 0.05) inhibition against α-amylase (IC50= 37.63 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase activities (IC50= 38.30 mg/mL) in the presence of their respective substrates in a concentration-dependent manner in comparison with acarbose. Conclusion: Ethanoic extract of M. oleifera flower could be useful as an alternative phytotherapy in the management of DM, having shown a strong antioxidative capacity and substantial inhibition against the activities of key enzymes involved in carbohydrate hydrolysis in vitro.
Gynura procumbens ethanol extract and its fractions inhibit Th1, Th2 and Th17 but induce Treg cells differentiation during atherosclerosis development
Authors: Manogaran Manimegalai , Lim Vuanghao , Sandai Doblin , Mohamed Rafeezul
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Gynura procumbens (Lorr.) Merr. (GP) displays cardio-protective effect, which may hinder atherogenesis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and leukocytes. The current study was undertaken to elucidate the chemical constituents of GP ethanol extract and its aqueous, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions, and their effects on CD4+ T cell differentiation during atherogenesis. Methods: Initially, the bioactive constituents in GP ethanol extract and its fractions were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Generated mouse bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDC) were loaded with oxLDL and GP ethanol extract and its fractions for 24 hours and co-cultured with mouse CD4+ T cells for 72 hours. For the determination of T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt, Foxp3, DLL-3, and Jagged-1 mRNA gene expression, the floating cells (CD4+ T cells) and adherence cells (BMDC) were isolated from their total RNAs and reverse transcribed into cDNA.Results: GC-MS analysis showed that GP ethanol extract and its fractions contained various volatile compounds. GP ethanol extract and its fractions also increased the DLL-3 gene but suppressed Jagged-1 gene expression in oxLDL-treated BMDC. Furthermore, GP ethanol extract and its fractions suppressed T-bet, GATA-3, and RORγt gene expression but increased the expression of the Foxp3 gene in differentiated CD4 + T cells. Conclusion: GP ethanol extract and its fractions are composed of various bioactive chemical components that can induce anti-atherogenic effects by inhibiting pro-atherogenic cells such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells while increasing anti-atherogenic cells, Treg cells.
Protective effect of dietary supplements against streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer’s disease in mice
Authors: Mohamed Doha , El-Shamarka Marwa , Abdelgayed Sherein , Mohamed Rasha
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative problem that is increased progressively due to the increment of aging worldwide. Phytochemicals play an important role in the protection from neurodegeneration. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of two dietary supplements (DS) rich in betalains, anthocyanins, and omega-3 fatty acids against AD. Methods: Two dietary supplements (DS I and DS II) were prepared; the first one was a mixture of anthocyanin-rich extract of purple carrot and flaxseed oil (DS I), while the second was a mixture of betalains-rich extract of beetroot and flaxseed oil (DS II). The protective effects of both DS were evaluated in an AD model. AD was induced in mice by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (3 mg/kg). Biochemical changes in brain tissue and plasma were determined. Behavioral of mice was evaluated through Y–maze test, Morris water maze, and novel object recognition test. Changes in brain tissues were assessed through histopathological examination. In vitro antioxidant activities of DS I and DS II were evaluated. Also, the contents of total phenolics, anthocyanins, betalains, and fatty acids profile were assessed. Results: Both DS investigated in the present study showed significant improvement (P < 0.05) in acetylcholinesterase, antioxidant enzymes, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA)in brain tissue and butyrylcholinesterase in plasma in association with amelioration in the behavioral tests and histopathological changes of the brain tissue. Conclusion: Both DS showed protective effects against STZ induced AD in mice due to the presence of anthocyanins, betalains, and omega-3 fatty acids.
Mechanisms of hepatoprotective effects of white and black garlic extracts against preneoplastic lesions induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine in rats
Authors: Shalaby Mostafa Abbas , Ghandour Rehab Ali , Imam Shimaa Ramadan
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Garlic has many pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of the hepatoprotective effect of white garlic extract (WGE) and black garlic extract (BGE) against preneoplastic lesions induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in rats. Methods: Forty-two rats were randomly distributed into six equal groups. Oral administration of WGE and BGE began 3 weeks before injection of NDEA. Group 1 was kept as the negative control, while the other groups were injected by a single intraperitoneal dose of NDEA in the 3rd week, followed by 2 subcutaneous injections/week of CCl4 till six weeks to induce preneoplastic lesions. Group 2 kept positive control and groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 were given WGE and BGE each of them at 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively, for six weeks from the beginning. Serum liver enzymes, total protein, albumin (Alb), total bilirubin (TBil), and antioxidant enzymes were measured. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), tumor biomarkers, along with the content of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in liver DNA were estimated and liver histopathology was performed. Results: WGE and BGE significantly decreased the serum liver enzymes, TBil, tumor biomarkers, lipid peroxidation but increased total protein levels. The extracts significantly increased antioxidant enzymes, decreased 8-OHdG content in liver DNA, and alleviated histopathological lesions in the liver. Conclusion: The results affirm the hepatoprotective effect of WGE and BGE against NDEA-induced preneoplastic lesions in rats. This effect may be due to inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reduction of tumor biomarkers, enhancement of antioxidant enzymes, or reduction of 8-OHdG content in liver DNA.
The cytotoxicity, anti-inflammation, anti-nociceptive and oral ulcer healing properties of coconut shell liquid smoke
Authors: Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Ayuningtyas Nurina Febriyanti , Santosh Arvind Babu Rajendran , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Mansur Dieni , Arundina Ira , Nagoro Ayu Anggraini Broto , Rahmadhany Indriasari Putri
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Coconut shell liquid smoke (CS-LS) from Cocos nucifera L. has been traditionally used by Indonesians as a natural preservative. Besides that, liquid smoke is also used as a medicine to treat various types of wounds. During the storage, liquid smoke resulting from pyrolysis is still questionable in relation to the oxidation process and changes in its properties and potentials. We observed the physical characteristics, components, toxicity, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive properties, and effect in oral ulcer healing of CS-LS. Methods: Acidity was analyzed using a digital pH meter, density test was analyzed using a pycnometer, and the components were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Eight concentrations of CS-LS (1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14%) were tested on baby hamster kidney (BHK21) for the extract toxicity, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema for its anti-inflammatory properties, hot-plate test for its anti-nociceptive, and traumatized labial fornix incisive inferior for its oral ulcer healing. Results: The acidity of CS-LS was 2.296 and the density was 1.0102 g/mL. The major components analyzed were phenol (32.75%), 2-methoxy-phenol (17.45%), and furfural (13.09%). The CS-LS 100% and CS-LS 8% were the optimum concentrations for maintaining the BHK21 and increasing the number of fibroblasts in oral ulcer healing. The CS-LS 100% showed potent anti-nociceptive ability compared to other concentrations (P = 0.001), but not for the anti-inflammation properties. Conclusion: CS-LS is a promising natural herb for oral medicine, especially oral ulcer medicine.
Bioactivities, physicochemical parameters and GC/MS profiling of the fixed oil of Cucumis melo L seeds: A focus on anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial activities
Authors: El-anssary Amira A. , Abdel Raoof Gehan Fawzy , Saleh Dalia Osama , El-Masry Hossam Mohammed
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Recently, the recovery of waste products from plants as a source of biologically active compounds has increased interest. Therefore, the current research aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities of the fixed oil of Cucumis melo L seeds, as well as to investigate its physicochemical parameters and chemical composition. Methods: Anti-inflammatory activity was examined using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay. The antimicrobial activity was assayed against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans by well diffusion method. The chemical composition of the oil was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), α-tocopherol was estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Cucumis melo oil had no toxicity and possessed a promising anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, the oil exhibited a reasonable decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and a significant increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). The oil exhibited a reasonable antimicrobial activity against all tested organisms. The major identified compound in the unsaponifiable matter was (1-methyldodecyl) benzene (8.76%), while the major fatty acid was methyl linoleate (14.10%). The results of physicochemical characterization revealed the better quality of Cucumis melo oil. The amount of α-tocopherol in the oil was 23.5 μg/mL, which is considered a reasonable amount. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the fixed oil of Cucumis melo L seeds might be used as a safe natural anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antimicrobial agent.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in urinary tract infections; prevalence and antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Abdulsalam Khaleel Raghad , Alfuraiji Narjes , Waleed Hussain Balsam , Nassar Maadh Fawzi , Ebrahimzadeh Farnoosh
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The newly-launched strain of the Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, is considered the most emerging bacterium in-hospital infections globally. Objectives: The current research focused on the prevalence and virulence features of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) bacteria recovered from urinary tract infections (UTIs) cases. Patients and Methods: A total of 710 urine specimens were taken from hospitalized patients who suffered from UTIs. S. aureus was recovered from urine specimens using the microbial culture. S. aureus antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed toward oxacillin and cefoxitin antimicrobial disk to determine the MRSA strains. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assessed the distribution of antimicrobial resistance encoding genes. S. aureus antimicrobial resistance was evaluated by disk diffusion. Results: Fifty-five out of 710 (7.7%) urine specimens were positive for the MRSA bacteria. The uppermost antibiotic resistance was obtained against penicillin (100%), ceftaroline (100%), gentamicin (87.2%), erythromycin (76.3%), and ciprofloxacin (69.0%). BlaZ (100%) and tetK (85.4%) had the higher frequency amid examined antimicrobial resistance-encoding genes. Conclusion: The high prevalence of MRSA isolates harboring antimicrobial resistance-encoding genes in the UTIs suggests that diseases caused by them need more expansion healthcare monitoring with essential demand for novel antimicrobials.
Zinc deficiency may play a crucial role in dialysis-associated bacterial infections
Authors: Lotfi Zahra , Zeraati Abbas Ali , Dashti Elaheh , Zeraati Tina , Arghiany Maryam , Kalani-Moghaddam Farnaz , Haghighi Ashkan
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Systemic bacterial infections are a common cause of mortality and morbidity in hemodialysis patients. Zinc has a critical role in several immune system functions. Patients who have enough amounts of zinc are able to better face infections caused by various pathogens in comparison to those with zinc insufficiency Objective We sought to assess the role of zinc deficiency in dialysis-associated bacterial infections. Patients and Methods: Eighty-Three adult patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis including 43 patients with bacterial infectious complications and 40 non-infected patients as well as 41 healthy individuals were enrolled. Clinical data, laboratory values including serum zinc level and imaging findings were collected. SPSS was utilized to analyze the data with a significance cutoff set at P < 0.05. Results: Out of 124 participants, 80 (64.51%) were males and 44 (35.49%) were females. The mean age of infected hemodialysis group, non-infected hemodialysis group, and healthy controls were 50.8 ± 16.25, 49.1 ± 18.1, and 56.3 ± 18.2 years, respectively. Catheter site infection (37.3%) and urinary tract infection (30.2%) were the most common infections. The mean serum zinc concentration was significantly lower in the infected patients, compared to non-infected patients and healthy individuals (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The ESRD patients on hemodialysis have lower serum zinc levels which are associated with increased risk of bacterial infection. The role of screening for zinc deficiency and use of supplemental zinc in these patients need to be studied.
Kidney complications following COVID-19 vaccination; a review of the literature
Authors: Hassanzadeh Shakiba , Djamali Arjang , Mostafavi Leila , Pezeshgi Aiyoub
Published: November 2021

Objective: To review the reported cases of kidney injury following vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a focus on renal pathology. Methods: We searched for case reports of kidney complications after COVID-19 vaccine in PubMed. Results: A total of 36 articles including 49 case reports were reported. These included minimal change disease (n=17), IgA nephropathy (IgAN) (n=15), IgA nephritis/vasculitis (n=5), ANCA glomerulonephritis/vasculitis (n=5), anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis (n=2), and 1 case of each granulomatous vasculitis, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, scleroderma renal crisis, IgG4-related disease nephritis, and primary membranous nephropathy (MN). Conclusion: We give an overview of the reported cases of post-COVID-19 renal complications. Further investigations of the underlying pathogenesis of post-COVID-19 vaccination renal adverse events are required, as prompt workup, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with renal complications may lead to complete remission, prevent kidney failure, and long-term complications such as end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, these complications are overall extremely rare and the benefit of vaccination outweighs the potential risks.
Glucose transporters in kidney; the role of gender and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kharazmi Fatemeh , Hosseini Dastgerdi Hajaralsadat , Saberi Shadan , Maleki Maryam , Soltani Nepton , Nematbakhsh Mehdi
Published: November 2021

Sex hormones affect the developmental process and play important roles in the kidney’s structure and functions. Clinical and experimental results have indicated that kidney functions are different between the genders, and they may be associated with the sex hormones, which regulate the expression and action of transporters in the nephron. In the current short review, the data banks including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were reviewed to achieve the published related articles regarding the role of gender and diabetes mellitus in glucose transport in renal system.
Examination the antioxidant potentials and antidiabetic properties of phenolic extracts of some Iranian honeys
Authors: Moein Mahmoodreza , Moein Soheila , Farmani Fatemeh , Rozbehan Sahere , Sabahi Zahra
Published: November 2021

Introduction: In most ancient cultures, honey has been used for both nutritional and medical purposes. Objectives: In this research, phenolic extracts of four Iranian honeys were evaluated to determine the antioxidant potentials using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging and reducing power by ferric reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) method. Additionally, anti-diabetic properties of honey and phenolic extracts were evaluated by determination of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. Patients and Methods: Besides, reducing potential was evaluated by ferric-reducing antioxidant power method. Moreover, determination of phenolic and flavonoid contents was performed. Moreover, inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase of honey and phenolic extracts were evaluated. Results: With considering to antioxidant potentials, Gavan (Astragalus) sample showed the greatest phenolic (3817±1.52 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoid contents (3.1±0.005 mg QE/100 g), and DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 = 2±0.003 mg/mL). Bahareh honey had the highest NO radical scavenging (IC50=0.0403±0.0009 mg/mL) and Meymand honey possessed the highest reducing potential by FRAP method (IC50=0.0018±0.000003 mg/mL). The maximum inhibition of α-glucosidase was shown in Meymand honey extract (46±0.1%). After sugar isolation, Zataria honey had the highest inhibition of α-glucosidase (54±0.6%) and the mode of α-amylase inhibition was noncompetitive by this honey. Whole extract (23±0.1%) and phenolic extract of Gavan honey presented the maximum inhibition of α-amylase (31.2±0.1%). Conclusion: Honey samples showed antioxidant potentials and anti-diabetic properties by retardation of α-amylase and α-glucosidase.
Comparison efficacy of oral Nigella sativa seeds and tamsulosin on pain relief and passage of 4 to 10 mm stones of kidney and ureter; a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Shakeri Nahid , Mehrabi Sadrollah , Paymard Akvan
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Urinary stones are the third most common urinary tract disease after urinary tract infections and prostate diseases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare efficacy of Nigella sativa seeds and tamsulosin on expulsion and pain relief of ureteral and renal stones smaller than 10 mm. Patients and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study conducted from March 2018-2019, 80 patients over 18 years old with kidney and ureteral stones sized between 4 to 10 mm were assigned to two groups by the simple random sampling method. In group one, after performing ultrasonography and confirming the presence of 4 to 10 mm stones, one 0.4 mg capsule of tamsulosin was prescribed each night for two weeks. In group 2, one gram of Nigellasativa prescribed every 12 hours after each meal with a glass of water for two weeks. After 2 weeks, patients were visited while a urinary tract sonography was conducted and the modification in size of stones and the existence of residual stones were measured and noted. The pain severity was measured through the visual analog scale (VSA). Data was gathered and analyzed throughout treatment and at the end of the study by the SPSS version 21 software, chi-square and independent t tests. Results: Mean sizes of stones before treatment with Nigella versus tamsulosin groups were 10.3±1.81 and 9.41 ± 1.68 mm respectively (P=0.06). Mean size of stones after treatment with Nigella versus tamsulosin groups were 4.97±4.33 and 5.21 ± 3.63 mm respectively (P=0.39). There was no significant difference between two groups regarding average of the pain score after treatment (P=0.05), but after intervention this score significantly declined in both groups, indicating more substantial in Nigella sativa group (P=0.001). Efficacy of treatment in Nigella and tamsulosin groups was 78.5 and 61.6, respectively (P=0.005). Conclusion: The present study indicated that both Nigella sativa seed and tamsulosin reduce urinary stone size and numbers without significant difference, however stone passage and pain control was more in the group of Nigella sativa. Trial Registration: The trial protocol was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial (identifier: IRCT20081011001323N23; https://irct.ir/user/trial/35993/, ethical code; IR.YUMS.REC.1397.155).
Angiotensin 1-7 and losartan worsen the cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in female rats
Authors: Kasaei Sayyedehnikta , Pezeshki Zahra , Karimi Farzaneh , Lak Zahra , Choopani Samira , Talebi Ardeshir , Nematbakhsh Mehdi
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Cisplatin (CP) is an anti-cancer drug with the most common side effects of nephrotoxicity. Losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist and angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) protects the kidney against CP administration in males Moreover, the activity of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and the incidence of CP induced nephrotoxicity are gender related. Objectives: The role of Ang1-7 and losartan against CP induced nephrotoxicity in female rats was examined. Methods: Thirty-two female Wistar rats in five experimental groups were treated with vehicle, single dose of CP (7.5 mg/kg), CP+losartan (10 ), CP+Ang1-7 (30 μg/kg/d) or CP+Ang1-7+A779 (Mas receptor antagonist, 100 μg/kg/d). The biochemical and histology measurements were conducted one week later. Results: The levels of serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum increased insignificantly by CP alone administration. However co-treatment of CP with losartan, Ang1-7, or Ang1-7 plus A779 showed an increase of the serum levels of BUN and Cr, and kidney tissue damage score (KTDS) (P < 0.05) when compared with control groups. Conclusion: The AT1R and Mas receptor (MasR) antagonists and Ang1-7 administration promote the CP induced damage of kidney in female rats, and special attention is needed during CP therapy in hypertensive patients who are treating with anti-hypertensive drug of losartan.
Роль наукових підходів щодо дослідження механізмів забезпечення виконавської дисципліни публічними службовцями
Authors: Larina N. B.  , Yashutin I. M.
Published: November 2021

У статті здійснено аналіз теоретичних підходів до визначення поняття та механізмів забезпечення виконавської дисципліни в органах публічної служби, акцентовано увагу на необхідності проведення системного, комплексного підходів щодо дослідження форм, методів стану виконавської дисципліни публічних службовців, що допоможе розкрити основні напрями підвищення рівня виконавської дисципліни на публічній службі.

Запропоновано узагальнити та адаптувати досвід країн Європейського співтовариства щодо підвищення рівня виконавської дисципліни до української дійсності шляхом запровадження інноваційних механізмів забезпечення виконавської дисципліни в органах публічної служби, що позитивно вплине на подальший професійний розвиток публічних службовців органів влади в Україні.

Доцільність дослідження теоретичних підходів щодо розуміння понять та механізмів забезпечення виконавської дисципліни в органах публічної служби обумовлюється важливістю розвитку належного демократичного врядування в Україні. Це сприятиме підвищенню репутації публічної служби в органах влади, зростанню іміджу публічного службовця, формуванню якісно нової системи публічної служби в Україні

Наукові підходи до понять “публічна служба”, “виконавська дисципліна”, “публічне управління” відображають нові, сучасні тенденції становлення наукового дискурсу з цієї проблематики у галузі знань 28 “Публічне управління та адміністрування” й водночас можуть стати платформою для подальших висновків щодо напрямків зростання ефективності виконавської дисципліни в органах публічної служби.

Зазначені чинники зумовлюють необхідність ретельного аналізу теоретичних підходів до розуміння понять, що використовується в досліджені, формулювання власної інтерпретації понятійного поля та механізмів забезпечення виконавської дисципліни в органах публічної служби в Україні.
Моделі корупційних дій: аналіз політичного контексту
Authors: Merezhko S.I.
Published: November 2021

Стаття присвячена аналізу моделей корупції в їх політичному контексті. Встановлено, що моделі корупції визначаються способом отримання ренти, що асоціюється з відповідними політичними системами. Визначено, що в деяких країнах справжньою метою бюрократії є отримання ренти і спрямування частини цієї ренти на вершину ієрархії. Представлено пояснення провалу певних реформ саме через існування клептократичної держави.
Фінансове забезпечення реалізації державної політики у сфері культури в умовах децентралізації
Authors: Yeromina O.V.
Published: November 2021

Досліджено складові державної підтримки фінансового забезпечення сфери культури. Проаналізовано структуру видатків державного і місцевих бюджетів за 2012-2019 роки, що спрямовувалися на культуру і мистецтво. Обґрунтовано, що система забезпечення населення культурними послугами потребує кардинальної зміни механізму фінансування, що дасть змогу підвищити ефективність використання бюджетних коштів, а ресурси спрямувати на задоволення культурних потреб населення, гарантованих Конституцією України. Забезпечення якісних і доступних послуг населенню, у тому числі культурних, є одним із завдань реформи децентралізації влади. Зважаючи, що в європейських країнах сфера культури побудована на поєднанні бюджетного й позабюджетного фінансування, виявлено, що важливим і універсальним механізмом інвестиційної політики, що сприяє консолідації фінансового, організаційного та управлінського потенціалу приватного та державного секторів економіки у пріоритетних напрямках є державно-приватне партнерство.
KEWENANGAN PT. PELINDO IV TARAKAN TERHADAP HAK ATAS TANAH DAERAH LINGKUNGAN KERJA PELABUHAN
Authors: Kurniawan Endy
Published: November 2021

Abstract The title of the research is to " LAW REVIEW THE LAND ENVIRONMENT WORKING OF PORT AREAS (DLKr) PT. PELINDO IV OF TARAKAN. The purpose of this research is to analyze the authority of PT PELINDO IV Tarakan as holders of land rights in the form of Rights Management (HPL) the land environment working of port areas. In addition, the study also to analyze the land of rights can be given to the people on ) the land environment working of port areas or coastal region. This Research to use normative legal method to study with the type of normative juridical. As for the approach used in this study is the statute approach and conceptual approach. Sources of legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal material. Legal materials collection techniques used this study to collect and analyze the Regulation in relating to the legal issues raised, as well as collecting the conceptual framework and legal theory to be the basis of analyzing the legal issues studied. PT. PELINDO IV of Tarakan has the authority to the land environment working of port areas with Right to used (HPL) contained in the Joint Decree of the Minister of Home Affair and Minister of Transportation Number 31 of 1992 K.M Number 9 of 1992 concerning frontier Work Environment Ports. In the fourth dictum of the Joint Decree of the Minister of Home Affair and Minister of Transportation, PT. PELINDO IV of Tarakan required to complete the land registration process in the Land Office in accordance with applicable regulations. Until now PT. Pelindo IV Tarakan not enroll all of the land which they are entitled and limitations affect the authority of PT. Pelindo IV Tarakan on the overall the land environment working of port areas. Keynote : Land Law, HPL, Law Review
PENCATATAN PERKAWINAN TINJAUAN BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974 TENTANG PERKAWINAN DAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Basri Basri
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe main problem in this research is, the marriage registration linked to the validity of a marriage according to Law No. 1 of 1974 and the Law of Islam as well as the legal consequences of marriage were not recorded according to Law No. 1 of 1974 and the Law of Islam.This research is penelitianYuridis Normative namely legal research using secondary data sources in the form of literature votes. research that emphasizes the science of law, tried to examine the legal principles that apply in the community and as supporting research carried Normative method.Marriage has been done according to the law of each religion and his belief that (a valid marriage according to religious law) must be registered in order to obtain legal protection. However, registration of marriage it does not specify when the validity of the marriage because of the validity of marriage is at the time held Munurut law of each religion and belief. Registration of marriages serves to record the occurrence of law concerning marriage, as well as the listing on the birth.The legal consequences of marriage were not recorded, although the religion or belief was valid, but the marriage conducted without the knowledge and supervision of employees marriage registrar does not have the force of law is certain. By law, it would be difficult demanding livelihood and legacy of the husband if the husband dies. Additionally wife is not entitled to the property (Gono-gini) in case of separation. The next legal consequences are children from the marriage that can not be listed deemed illegitimate children unless there is recognition of a father or a court decision.Although the validity of marriage is returned to the law of each religion and belief but the registration of marriages should be made legal by the state so that protection can be implemented to the maximum. And registration of marriages should be made at the same time with the implementation of the marriage. Keywords: Registration, Marriage, Validity
BERITA BOHONG (HOAKS) PADA MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Susilowati Anny Susilowati
Published: November 2021

Abstract This research is motivated by the rise of hoaxes every time before the  Presidential Election (Pilpres) in Indonesia. Later hoaxes are increasingly massive  and have entered all lines of life, so it is very difficult to determine which news is  good and where lies. For this reason, it is necessary to clarify the formulation of  juridical regulations, regarding hoax aspects that can be held accountable.This research then sets two goals, namely: First, to analyze and explain a number of laws and regulations relating to hoaxes; Second, to analyze and explain  the hoax criteria contained in social media.This research method uses a type of normative legal research, with three approaches as the basis of its analysis, namely: Approach to legislation, namely to  conduct an analysis of legislation about hoaxes, with a review of relevant product  laws. Conceptual approach, through this approach, researchers study views and  doctrines in law, then find ideas that give birth to legal notions, legal concepts and  legal principles relevant to hoaxes. As well as the case approach, namely by  examining cases relating to the issues faced which have become court decisions and have permanent legal force.The results showed that hoax qualifications that could be liable by  referring to Law Number 1 Year 1946 concerning Criminal Law Regulations,  Article 14 and 15 and Law Number 19 Year 2016 concerning amendments to Law  Number 11 Year 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE)  article 28 paragraph (1). In Law No. 1 of 1946 the perpetrators can be charged if they have fulfilled the element intentionally or have the intention to cause trouble  and the person must at least have the presumption that the news is false news.  Whereas in Act No. 19 of 2016 the culprit can be snared if everyone intentionally  means that they have bad intentions and without the right to spread false and  misleading news, which means making other people astray which results in consumer losses in electronic transactions. Deliberately, making a misguided and making consumer losses is a requirement that must be fulfilled. So that in article 45 A paragraph 1, the culprit can be sentenced to six years imprisonment and a fine of Rp1 billion.Researcher's recommendation, It is recommended that the action  qualifications spread hoaxes on social media that accountability can be requested  in a more specific law, namely social media law. This is to anticipate the  development of social media going forward. Keywords: News, Hoax News, Social Media, and ITE Law
An Interdisciplinary Architectural Pedagogy for Social Relevance
Authors:   University of Melbourne, Palipane Kelum , McGaw Janet ,   University of Melbourne
Published: November 2021

We live in a time of rapid geo-political change that is expected to accelerate rather than stabilise over the coming decades: More than half the world lives in urban areas, a figure expected to rise to 68% over the next 30 years. Cities are denser and more socially complex than ever before. Rural to urban internal migration continues, but a substantial driver of population transitions is a consequence of inter-national immigration, some of it forced. In fact, there are currently 65 million displaced people in the world; the largest figure in history. These increasingly complex conditions require architects to practice a new kind of critical consciousness about the socio-economic, environmental and demographic multiplicities in which they work. It’s no longer enough to concentrate on the conditions of a site defined by the lines of property ownership. Architects need to adopt a contextually relevant praxis that responds to the multiscalar effects of our changing social condition. To that end, we argue, the emerging generation of architects will need knowledge and methods – often inter-disciplinary – that enable them to read and represent these social complexities and address them through critical design responses. This paper presents a pedagogical approach for a foundational transdisciplinary design studio within a new generalist undergraduate degree in design in which this pedagogical challenge is addressed. It is a core subject in the pathway to professional a master’s degrees in architecture, landscape architecture and urban design.
Extremely high internal quantum efficiency of AlGaN-based quantum wells on face-to-face annealed sputter-deposited AlN templates
Authors: Murotani Hideaki , Fujii Atsushi , Oshimura Ryota , Kusaba Takafumi , Uesugi Kenjiro , Miyake Hideto , Yamada Yoichi
Published: November 2021

This study investigated the influence of high-quality AlN templates on the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of AlGaN-based multiple quantum wells (MQWs) using photoluminescence spectroscopy. An extremely high IQE of 90% at room temperature was obtained from MQWs on face-to-face annealed sputter-deposited AlN/sapphire templates. The dependence of efficiency curves on temperature indicated that nonradiative recombination centers were almost fully saturated under higher excitation power densities even at 400 K. Moreover, analysis of the efficiency curves using a rate equation model based on exciton recombination processes suggested that radiative recombination was the dominant recombination process even at 400 K.
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ КОМПЛЕКСНИХ ПЛАНІВ ПРОСТОРОВОГО РОЗВИТКУ ТЕРИТОРІЙ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД
Authors: Третяк Антон , Третяк Валентина , Лобунько Юля
Published: November 2021

З’ясовано, що основними інформаційними проблемами щодо розроблення комплексних планів просторового розвитку територій територіальних громад є відсутність актуальних планово-картографічних матеріалів, відомостей державного земельного кадастру про всі земельні ділянки та права на них, що наявні на території, їх правовий режим та обмеження і обтяження у використанні земель.
TEACHING PRAGMATIC ASPECT OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TRANSLATION TO UKRAINIAN PHILOLOGY STUDENTS
Authors: Naumenko Liudmyla
Published: November 2021

The paper is devoted to teaching pragmatic aspect of scientific and technical translation, i.e. the problems of comprehension and analysis of inner senses of the ST and adequate rendering of its content in the TT, acquiring translation techniques and mastering written translation skills, implementation of acquired knowledge into real translation practice.
РЕГІОНАЛЬНА ПОЛІТИКА ЄС В УМОВАХ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19
Authors: Гуцало Людмила
Published: November 2021

У статті проаналізовано дії національних урядів країн-членів ЄС на початку пандемії COVID-19 та ефективність взаємодії європейських інституцій задля подолання коронавірусної кризи. Звертається увага на політичну спроможність Європейського Союзу діяти спільно у питаннях вироблення спільної антикризової політики.
THYROID ABSCESS: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Maitra Mainak , Bhunia Anirban
Published: November 2021

Thyroid abscess is a rare surgical pathology, accounting for
less than 0.7% of surgical pathologies involving the thyroid
1,2 gland. This is due to its rich blood supply and lymphatic
drainage, high concentration oodine that inhibits bacterial
growth, protective brous capsule, and fascial planes
2–4 separating it from other neck structures. It may lead to
complications like septicaemia, paralysis of the vocal cords,
retropharyngeal abscess and suppurative media stinitis and
2 may occasionally lead to osteomyelitis or septic thrombophlebitis. It
5 may also lead to tracheal and oesophageal perforation. The
6
left lobe is commonly affected. If left untreated, thyroid
abscess can be life threatening resulting in a mortality of 12%
6
or more
BORDERLINE PERSONALITY TRAITS AND CYBER-VICTIMISATION -A SINGLE CASE STUDY.
Authors: J Anitha , B Selvaraj.
Published: November 2021

Dialectical behaviour therapy is a form of cognitive behaviour therapy that applies principles of learning
to elicit the reasons and the strengthening factors behind maladaptive behaviours and alternate them
with more healthy and helpful skills. The present study aims to assess the efcacy of brief dialectical behaviour therapy for
borderline personality traits with cyber-victimisation. As a single experimental design, 20 years aged young female,
diagnosed with borderline personality traits along with cyber-victimisation was taken up for the study. Borderline traits and
cyber-victimisation were targeted maladaptive behaviours. The intervention was given for the duration of 8 weeks, during which
DBT in a brief format consisting of mindfulness skills, emotion regulation skills, interpersonal effectiveness skills and distress
tolerance skills was given. The sessions were based on weekly basis with each being 60 minutes session. Follow after a month
revealed greater reduction in the targeted maladaptive behaviours. The study reveals that brief DBT is effective in reducing
borderline personality traits and cyber-victimisation.
POST COVID SYNDROME; A SCENARIO TO BE TAKEN CARE OF.
Authors: Asna Rabah Ruqia , Qushnood Farqana , Doddamani G. B.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: COVID -19 pandemic is the most important public health problem of recent time. Tens
and thousands of people have suffered with COVID-19 in last one and half year. Most people who have
suffered with COVID-19 recover completely within a few weeks but majority of patients continue to have varied symptoms after
initial recovery.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of Post COVID symptoms, to assess requirement of treatment and to make
recommendation for Post COVID syndrome care.
METHODS: Present cross-sectional study was done among patients who recovered from COVID-19 in GIMS Hospital of
Kalaburagi district. Mobile numbers of COVID patients were collected from records. Total 100 randomly selected patients were
contacted and information regarding post covid symptoms in between 6 weeks to 12 weeks after recovery from COVID-19 was
collected.
RESULT: 87%patients developed one or more post covid symptoms. Weakness was reported to be most common problem
(55%), followed by body ache (26%) and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as difculty in concentration and insomnia (22%).
Every fth patient reported that symptoms persisted for more than 1 month. Though most of the respondents classied their
symptoms as mild and moderate (52.5% and 37.9% respectively), 47% of the symptomatic patients have to take some treatment
for these symptoms.
CONCLUSION: Post COVID symptoms are common but usually less severe. Many of patients required conservative
management with medications. Many patients required lot of counselling. Almost one in ve patients reported that symptoms
persisted for more than one month. The results highlight the need for post Covid care for COVID recovered patients.