bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Route Generation and Route-Following Control for Autonomous Vessel
Authors: Kim Min-Kyu , Kim Jong-Hwa , Yang Hyun
Published: May 2023

In this study, basic research was conducted regarding the era of autonomous vessels and artificial intelligence (deep learning, big data, etc.). When a vessel is navigating autonomously, it must determine the optimal route by itself and accurately follow the designated route using route-following control technology. First, the optimal route should be generated in a manner that ensures safety and reduces fuel consumption by the vessel. To satisfy safety requirements, sea depth, under-keel clearance, and navigation charts are used; algorithms capable of determining and shortening the distance of travel and removing unnecessary waypoints are used to satisfy the requirements for reducing fuel consumption. In this study, a reinforcement-learning algorithm-based machine learning technique was used to generate an optimal route while satisfying these two sets of requirements. Second, when an optimal route is generated, the vessel must have a route-following controller that can accurately follow the set route without deviation. To accurately follow the route, a velocity-type fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller was established. This controller can prevent deviation from the route because overshoot rarely occurs, compared with a proportional derivative (PD) controller. Additionally, because the change in rudder angle is smooth, energy loss by the vessel can be reduced. Here, a method for determining the presence of environmental disturbance using the characteristics of the Kalman filter innovation process and estimating environmental disturbance with a fuzzy disturbance estimator is presented, which allows the route to be accurately maintained even under conditions involving environmental disturbance. The proposed approach can automatically set the vessel’s optimal route and accurately follow the route without human intervention, which is useful and can contribute to maritime safety and efficiency improvement.
Pioneer Tree Bellucia imperialis (Melastomataceae) from Central Amazon with Seedlings Highly Dependent on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Authors: Bento Ricardo Aparecido , de Novais Cândido Barreto , Saggin-Júnior Orivaldo José , de Oliveira Luiz Antonio , Sampaio Paulo de Tarso Barbosa
Published: May 2023

Bellucia imperialis is one of the most abundant pioneer tree species in anthropized areas of the Central Amazon, and has ecological importance for the environmental resilience of phosphorus (P)-depleted areas. Thus, we investigated whether B. imperialis depends on symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to grow and establish under the edaphic stresses of low nutrient content and low surface moisture retention capacity of the substrate. We tried three AMF inoculation treatments: (1) CON—no mycorrhizae; (2) MIX—with AMF from pure collection cultures, and (3) NAT—with native AMF, combined with five doses of P via a nutrient solution. All CON treatment seedlings died without AMF, showing the high mycorrhizal dependence of B. imperialis. Increasing P doses significantly decreased the leaf area and shoot and root biomass growth for both the NAT and MIX treatments. Increasing P doses did not affect spore number or mycorrhizal colonization, but decreased the diversity of AMF communities. Some species of the AMF community showed plasticity, enabling them to withstand shortages of and excess P. B. imperialis was shown to be sensitive to excess P, promiscuous, dependent on AMF, and tolerant of scarce nutritional resources, highlighting the need to inoculate seedlings to reforest impacted areas.
An Internal Real-Time Microscopic Diagnosis of a Proton Battery Stack during Charging and Discharging
Authors: Lee Chi-Yuan , Chen Chia-Hung , Yang Chin-Yuan , Chen Wan-Ting
Published: May 2023

The proton battery has facilitated a new research direction for technologies related to fuel cells and energy storage. Our R&D team has developed a prototype of a proton battery stack, but there are still problems to be solved, such as leakage and unstable power generation. Moreover, it is unlikely that the multiple important physical parameters inside the proton battery stack can be measured accurately and simultaneously. At present, external or single measurements represent the bottleneck, yet the multiple important physical parameters (oxygen, hydrogen, voltage, current, temperature, flow, and humidity) are interrelated and have a significant impact on the performance, life, and safety of the proton battery stack. This research uses micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to develop a micro oxygen sensor and integrates the six-in-one microsensor that our R&D team previously developed in order to improve sensor output and facilitate overall operation by redesigning the incremental mask and having this co-operate with a flexible board for sensor back-end integration, completing the development of a flexible seven-in-one (oxygen, hydrogen, voltage, current, temperature, flow, and humidity) microsensor.
Optimizing the Mechanoluminescent Properties of CaZnOS:Tb via Microwave-Assisted Synthesis: A Comparative Study with Conventional Thermal Methods
Authors: Ugbo Franca C. , Porcu Stefania , Corpino Riccardo , Pinna Andrea , Carbonaro Carlo Maria , Chiriu Daniele , Smet Philippe F. , Ricci Pier Carlo
Published: May 2023

Recent developments in lighting and display technologies have led to an increased focus on materials and phosphors with high efficiency, chemical stability, and eco-friendliness. Mechanoluminescence (ML) is a promising technology for new lighting devices, specifically in pressure sensors and displays. CaZnOS has been identified as an efficient ML material, with potential applications as a stress sensor. This study focuses on optimizing the mechanoluminescent properties of CaZnOS:Tb through microwave-assisted synthesis. We successfully synthesized CaZnOS doped with Tb3+ using this method and compared it with samples obtained through conventional solid-state methods. We analyzed the material’s characteristics using various techniques to investigate their structural, morphological, and optical properties. We then studied the material’s mechanoluminescent properties through single impacts with varying energies. Our results show that materials synthesized through microwave methods exhibit similar optical and, primarily, mechanoluminescent properties, making them suitable for use in photonics applications. The comparison of the microwave and conventional solid-state synthesis methods highlights the potential of microwave-assisted methods to optimize the properties of mechanoluminescent materials for practical applications.
An Influence-Based Label Propagation Algorithm for Overlapping Community Detection
Authors: Xu Hao , Ran Yuan , Xing Junqian , Tao Li
Published: May 2023

Of the various characteristics of network structure, the community structure has received the most research attention. In social networks, communities are divided into overlapping communities and disjoint communities. The former are closer to the actual situation of real society than the latter, making it necessary to explore a more effective overlapping community detection algorithm. The label propagation algorithm (LPA) has been widely used in large-scale data owing to its low time cost. In the traditional LPA, all of the nodes are regarded as equivalent relationships. In this case, unreliable nodes reduce the accuracy of label propagation. To solve this problem, we propose the influence-based community overlap propagation algorithm (INF-COPRA) for ranking the influence of nodes and labels. To control the propagation process and prevent error propagation, the algorithm only provides influential nodes with labels in the initialization phase, and those labels with high influence are preferred in the propagation process. Lastly, the accuracy of INF-COPRA and existing algorithms is compared on benchmark networks and real networks. The experimental results show that the INF-COPRA algorithm significantly improves the extentded modularity (EQ) and normal mutual information (NMI) of the community, indicating that it can outperform state-of-art methods in overlapping community detection tasks.
Mathematical Design and Analysis of Three-Phase Inverters: Different Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technologies and DC-Link Capacitor Selection
Authors: Tawfiq Kotb B. , Mansour Arafa S. , Sergeant Peter
Published: May 2023

This paper introduces a mathematical design and analysis of three-phase inverters used in electric drive applications such as aerospace, electric vehicles, and pumping applications. Different wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor technologies are considered in this analysis. Using SiC MOSFETs and Si IGBTs, two drive systems are developed in order to show the improvement in the efficiency of the inverter. The efficiency, total losses of the drive systems and the power losses of two inverters are computed and compared for both drive systems at the same operating condition. The drive system with SiC MOSFET shows much better performance compared to the drive system with Si IGBT. The SiC MOSFET system provides a 59.39%, 86.13%, and 29.76% lower conduction losses, switching losses and drive’s total losses, respectively, compared to the Si IGBT system. The efficiency of the SiC MOSFET system is 2.46%pu higher than the efficiency of the Si IGBT drive system. Moreover, this paper introduces a detailed analysis for the dc-link voltage and current ripples in three-phase inverters. Furthermore, the minimal dc-link capacitor needed to deal with the ripple current and voltage is investigated. Finally, the performance of the drive with Si IGBT is experimentally tested under different operating speeds and loads.
Correlations of Sesamoid Bone Subluxation with the Radiologic Measures of Hallux Valgus and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: Kim Sung Hwan , Kim Young Hwan , Cha Joo Young , Lee Young Koo
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives: Hallux valgus is one of the most common chronic foot complaints, with prevalences of over 23% in adults and up to 35.7% in older adults. However, the prevalence is only 3.5% in adolescents. The pathological causes and pathophysiology of hallux valgus are well-known in various studies and reports. A change in the position of the sesamoid bone under the metatarsal bone of the first toe is known to be the cause of the initial pathophysiology. Purpose: The relationships between the changes in the location of the sesamoid bone and each radiologically measured angle and joint congruency in the hallux valgus remain as yet unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the relationships of sesamoid bone subluxation with the hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, and metatarsophalangeal joint congruency in hallux valgus patients. The goal is to know the hallux valgus angle, the intermetatarsal angle, and metatarsophalangeal joint congruency’s correlation with hallux valgus severity and prognosis by revealing the relationship between each measured value and sesamoid bone subluxation. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 205 hallux valgus patients who underwent radiographic evaluation and subsequent hallux valgus correction surgery in our orthopedic clinic between March 2015 and February 2020. Sesamoid subluxation was assessed using a new five-grade scale on foot radiographs, and other radiologic measurements were assessed, such as hallux valgus angle, the intermetatarsal angle, distal metatarsal articular angle, joint congruency, etc. Conclusions: Measurements of the hallux valgus angle, interphalangeal angle, and joint congruency exhibited high interobserver and intraobserver reliabilities in this study. They also showed correlations with sesamoid subluxation grade.
Tensile Behavior of [0/90]7 Hemp/Elium Biocomposites after Water Aging: In-Situ Micro-CT Testing and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Drouhet Quentin , Touchard Fabienne , Chocinski-Arnault Laurence
Published: May 2023

This paper aims to study the tensile behavior of a woven [0/90]7 hemp/Elium composite after three different conditionings: “Ambient storage”, “Saturated at 60 °C” and “15 wet/dry cycles”. Instrumented repeated progressive tensile loading tests were carried out and showed an unexpected increase in the secant modulus for the aged samples at the end of the test. An in-situ micro-CT tensile test was then performed on a “15 wet/dry cycles” aged sample. The analysis of the tomographic images showed the damage development with interfacial debonding and matrix cracks in the specimen volume, and also the decrease in the curvature radius of the warp yarns during tensile loading facilitated by the plasticization of the resin. Finite element calculations were thus performed and demonstrated that the increase in the modulus is directly linked to the straightening of warp yarns, showing that the evolution of the modulus on a macroscopic scale can be explained by the deformations of the yarns on a microscopic level. These results allow us to better understand the mechanical behavior and the damage mechanisms that occur in biocomposites during tensile testing after water aging.
Probing the Hot QCD Matter via Quarkonia at the Next-Generation Heavy-Ion Experiment at LHC
Authors: Kharlov Yuri , Hambardzumyan Yeghishe , Varlamov Antony
Published: May 2023

Quarkonia represent one of the most valuable probes of the deconfined quark–gluon hot medium since the very first experimental studies with ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. A significant step forward in characterizing the QCD matter via systematic studies of quarkonia production will be performed by the next-generation heavy-ion experiment ALICE 3, a successor of the ongoing ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The new advanced detector of ALICE 3 will allow for exploring the production of S- and P-state quarkonia at high statistics, at low and moderate transverse momenta ranges. The performance of ALICE 3 for quarkonia measurements and the requirements for the detectors are discussed.
Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites as Potential Biomarkers in Chronic Pain
Authors: Auyeung Andrew , Wang Hank C. , Aravagiri Kannan , Knezevic Nebojsa Nick
Published: May 2023

Chronic pain is a pressing medical and socioeconomic issue worldwide. It is debilitating for individual patients and places a major burden on society in the forms of direct medical costs and lost work productivity. Various biochemical pathways have been explored to explain the pathophysiology of chronic pain in order to identify biomarkers that can potentially serve as both evaluators of and guides for therapeutic effectiveness. The kynurenine pathway has recently been a source of interest due to its suspected role in the development and sustainment of chronic pain conditions. The kynurenine pathway is the primary pathway responsible for the metabolization of tryptophan and generates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), in addition to the metabolites kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KA), and quinolinic acid (QA). Dysregulation of this pathway and changes in the ratios of these metabolites have been associated with numerous neurotoxic and inflammatory states, many of which present simultaneously with chronic pain symptoms. While further studies utilizing biomarkers to elucidate the kynurenine pathway’s role in chronic pain are needed, the metabolites and receptors involved in its processes nevertheless present researchers with promising sources of novel and personalized disease-modifying treatments.
Application of the Population Pharmacokinetics Model-Based Approach to the Prediction of Drug–Drug Interaction between Rivaroxaban and Carbamazepine in Humans
Authors: Ngo Lien Thi , Yun Hwi-yeol , Chae Jung-woo
Published: May 2023

Rivaroxaban (RIV) is one of the direct oral anticoagulants used to prevent and treat venous and arterial thromboembolic events. Considering the therapeutic indications, RIV is likely to be concomitantly administered with various other drugs. Among these is carbamazepine (CBZ), one of the recommended first-line options to control seizures and epilepsy. RIV is a strong substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and Pgp/BCRP efflux transporters. Meanwhile, CBZ is well known as a strong inducer of these enzymes and transporters. Therefore, drug–drug interaction (DDI) between CBZ and RIV is expected. This study aimed to predict the DDI profile of CBZ and RIV in humans by using a population pharmacokinetics (PK) model-based approach. We previously investigated the population PK parameters of RIV administered alone or with CBZ in rats. In this study, those parameters were extrapolated from rats to humans by using simple allometry and liver blood flow scaling, and then applied to back-simulate the PK profiles of RIV in humans (20 mg RIV per day) used alone or with CBZ (900 mg CBZ per day). Results showed that CBZ significantly reduced RIV exposure. The AUCinf and Cmax of RIV decreased by 52.3% and 41.0%, respectively, following the first RIV dose, and by 68.5% and 49.8% at the steady state. Therefore, the co-administration of CBZ and RIV warrants caution. Further studies investigating the extent of DDIs between these drugs should be conducted in humans to fully understand their safety and effects.
Kinetics of Water-Induced Amorphous Phase Separation in Amorphous Solid Dispersions via Raman Mapping
Authors: Krummnow Adrian , Danzer Andreas , Voges Kristin , Kyeremateng Samuel O. , Degenhardt Matthias , Sadowski Gabriele
Published: May 2023

The poor bioavailability of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) can be enhanced by dissolving it in a polymeric matrix. This formulation strategy is commonly known as amorphous solid dispersion (ASD). API crystallization and/or amorphous phase separation can be detrimental to the bioavailability. Our previous work (Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(9), 1904) provided analysis of the thermodynamics underpinning the collapse of ritonavir (RIT) release from RIT/poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA) ASDs due to water-induced amorphous phase separation. This work aimed for the first time to quantify the kinetics of water-induced amorphous phase separation in ASDs and the compositions of the two evolving amorphous phases. Investigations were performed via confocal Raman spectroscopy, and spectra were evaluated using so-called Indirect Hard Modeling. The kinetics of amorphous phase separation were quantified for 20 wt% and 25 wt% drug load (DL) RIT/PVPVA ASDs at 25 °C and 94% relative humidity (RH). The in situ measured compositions of the evolving phases showed excellent agreement with the ternary phase diagram of the RIT/PVPVA/water system predicted by PC-SAFT in our previous study (Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(9), 1904).
Ultraviolet Photodetectors: From Photocathodes to Low-Dimensional Solids
Authors: Rogalski Antoni , Bielecki Zbigniew , Mikołajczyk Janusz , Wojtas Jacek
Published: May 2023

The paper presents the long-term evolution and recent development of ultraviolet photodetectors. First, the general theory of ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors is briefly described. Then the different types of detectors are presented, starting with the older photoemission detectors through photomultipliers and image intensifiers. More attention is paid to silicon and different types of wide band gap semiconductor photodetectors such as AlGaN, SiC-based, and diamond detectors. Additionally, Ga2O3 is considered a promising material for solar-blind photodetectors due to its excellent electrical properties and a large bandgap energy. The last part of the paper deals with new UV photodetector concepts inspired by new device architectures based on low-dimensional solid materials. It is shown that the evolution of the architecture has shifted device performance toward higher sensitivity, higher frequency response, lower noise, and higher gain-bandwidth products.
Prokaryotic Communities from Pristine Cave Environments: Biotechnological Potential with Sustainable Production
Authors: Gatinho Patrícia , Salvador Cátia , Silva Amélia M. , Caldeira Ana Teresa
Published: May 2023

Pristine environments, such as caves, are unique habitats that are isolated from human activity and are exposed to extreme environmental conditions. These environments are rich sources of microbial diversity, and the microorganisms that thrive in these conditions have developed unique survival skills. One such skill is the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites with potential bioactivities, which provide the organisms with a competitive advantage in these extreme environments. The isolation and characterization of microbial strains from the surfaces of pristine cave environments are important for exploring the biotechnological potential of these organisms. These studies can reveal new products with antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, among others. In addition, the identification of specific compounds responsible for these biological activities can contribute to the development of new drugs and products for sustainable biotechnological applications. Recent developments in genomics, bioinformatics, chemoinformatics, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology have opened new possibilities for drug discovery, making the exploration of bacterial secondary metabolites more promising. In recent years, several bacteria with bioactive potential have been described, and several compounds with bioactivity have been identified. These findings are essential for the development of new drugs and products for the benefit of society. This paper discusses the potential of microorganisms found in pristine cave surfaces as a source of new metabolites with bioactivity that could have sustainable biotechnological applications. The authors suggest that more research should be conducted in these environments to better understand the microorganisms and the biosynthesis of these metabolites and to identify new compounds and metabolic pathways that could be of interest for the development of new drugs and products. The aim is to highlight the importance of these habitats as a potential source of new bioactive compounds that could be used for sustainable biotechnological applications.
Can We Talk about Smart Tourist Villages in Mărginimea Sibiului, Romania?
Authors: Moise George , Popescu Agatha , Bratu Iulian Alexandru , Răducuță Ion , Nistoreanu Bogdan Gabriel , Stanciu Mirela
Published: May 2023

The aim of this paper is to evaluate some villages in the mountain area of Sibiu County, Romania, as “smart” tourist villages. The research was carried out in two stages: Stage 1 was collection of information on (a) food products registered in different national and international quality schemes and (b) the number of tourist structures by type, comfort category, and accommodation capacity. Stage 2 was a case study conducted among 32 rural tourism entrepreneurs from 3 villages in Mărginimea Sibiului, using a questionnaire with 22 items on the criteria for evaluation of “smart” villages. The answers were systematized, statistically processed, and interpreted. The main results are as follows: (a) Concerning products, producers, and gastronomic points (PGL) registered, there are 9 products in the quality scheme “mountain product”, 10 producers on the platform “Gusturisibiene”, 1 producer of “telemea de Sibiu”, a registered product with protected geographical indication, and 2 PGL. (b) The number of officially registered tourist structures is 93, of which 72% are agritourism guesthouses. (c) The results for the evaluation of villages as “smart” are that 78.2% of locals use the internet, 74% own at least one smart device, 60.16% of energy used is renewable. There are low values of water and air pollution; there are local job and business opportunities (93.75%); future local development activities will target agriculture with all its sectors and agritourism; public administrations have implemented 7 types of activities to increase the attractiveness of localities; and quality of life, services, and social life aspects are perceived to be at high standards.
Ecological Security Pattern Construction in Rural Settlements Based on Importance and Vulnerability of Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of the Southeast Region of Chongqing, China
Authors: Xu Denghui , Guo Xianhua , Watanabe Teiji , Liang Kezhong , Kou Jianing , Jiang Xiaolan
Published: May 2023

With the development of urbanization, a large number of village settlements have disappeared. As important carriers of ethnic and cultural heritage, village settlements are important for the continuation of folk culture and farming spirit. Building a regional ecological security pattern helps to protect the integrity of village settlements and promote the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. In this work, the importance of ecosystem services was first obtained by using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs model (In-VEST) and the revised universal soil loss equation model (RUSLE) to evaluate the regional ecosystem services in the southeastern region of Chongqing (SRC). Then, the ecological importance evaluation results were combined with the sensory evaluation results to derive ecological conservation importance areas and identify ecological source points in their high-value areas. Finally, the ecological corridors were obtained by the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR). The regional ecological security pattern was constructed, i.e., the triangular protection area strategy of “one screen, one belt, and three cores”. The results show the following: the total area of ecological source sites larger than 20 km2 in SRC is 436.02 km2, accounting for 2.28% of the area of SRC. The largest ecological patch is 69.93 km2, accounting for 16.04% of the total area of ecological source sites. Thirteen ecological source sites were identified as follows: four in Youyang County, three in Shizhu County, three in Wulong County, and one in Pengshui County. There are 78 ecological corridors with a total length of 4832.82 km, including 32 important ecological corridors with a length of about 1544.53 km and 46 potential ecological corridors with a length of about 3288.29 km. Based on the minimum cumulative model constructed by eight resistance factors, the spatial variation of the ecological resistance surface was analyzed, showing a trend of being high in the west and central part and low in the surrounding area. There are one high-value area of the resistance surface of Wulong County Nature Reserve and one high-value area of ecological sensitivity that overlap to the extreme, and which should be given sufficient protection attention. The core protected areas consist of three mountains including the Qiyao Mountain Range, the Wuling Mountain Range, and the Wulong County Nature Reserve. The ecological security pattern in SRC based on the mode of “source–ecological corridor–ecological node” can identify important ecological function areas, providing scientific guidance for sustainable development and ecological security protection in the ethnic village settlements in China.
Construction and Path of Urban Public Safety Governance and Crisis Management Optimization Model Integrating Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Li Guo , Wang Jinfeng , Wang Xin
Published: May 2023

As urbanization and population growth continue to accelerate in China, maintaining public safety and crisis management has become increasingly complex. To address this issue, this research article proposes a new model for optimizing urban public safety governance and crisis management by integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technology with a focus on sustainability. This study aims to explore the construction and path of an urban public safety governance and crisis management optimization model integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technology in China. We developed a linear regression model to examine the relationship between public safety technologies and outcomes, with public safety outcomes (PSO) as the dependent variable and public safety governance structure (PSGS), AI-driven data collection and analysis (AIDC&A), crisis prediction and early warning system (CPEWS), AI-assisted decision-making (AIADM), and public safety response mechanisms (PSRM) as independent variables. The model summary revealed that the independent variables accounted for a moderate proportion of the variance in public safety outcomes, with an R² value of 0.5 and an adjusted R² value of 0.45. The results supported the hypothesis that the integration of different public safety technologies has a positive impact on public safety outcomes. The effective governance structure, AI-driven data collection and analysis, crisis prediction and early warning system, AI-assisted decision-making, and efficient public safety response mechanisms were all found to be crucial for enhancing public safety outcomes. The proposed model was validated through a case study in a Chinese city, with feedback from stakeholders confirming its effectiveness. Overall, the findings suggest that the urban public safety governance and crisis management optimization model integrating AI technology can significantly improve public safety management in urban areas.
Revolutionizing Groundwater Management with Hybrid AI Models: A Practical Review
Authors: Zaresefat Mojtaba , Derakhshani Reza
Published: May 2023

Developing precise soft computing methods for groundwater management, which includes quality and quantity, is crucial for improving water resources planning and management. In the past 20 years, significant progress has been made in groundwater management using hybrid machine learning (ML) models as artificial intelligence (AI). Although various review articles have reported advances in this field, existing literature must cover groundwater management using hybrid ML. This review article aims to understand the current state-of-the-art hybrid ML models used for groundwater management and the achievements made in this domain. It includes the most cited hybrid ML models employed for groundwater management from 2009 to 2022. It summarises the reviewed papers, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, the performance criteria employed, and the most highly cited models identified. It is worth noting that the accuracy was significantly enhanced, resulting in a substantial improvement and demonstrating a robust outcome. Additionally, this article outlines recommendations for future research directions to enhance the accuracy of groundwater management, including prediction models and enhance related knowledge.
Interactions Evaluation between the Jouamaa Hakama Groundwater and Ouljat Echatt River in the North of Morocco, Using Hydrochemical Modeling, Multivariate Statistics and GIS
Authors: Azzirgue El Mustapha , Cherif El Khalil , El Azhari Hamza , Dakak Houria , Yachou Hasna , Ghanimi Ahmed , Nouayti Nordine , Esteves da Silva Joaquim , Salmoun Farida
Published: May 2023

The processed discharges from Tangier Automotive City’s (TAC) Chrafate Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) contaminate the Jouamaa Hakama groundwater and the Ouljat Echatt river. We aimed to study the unknown interactions between surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW). A total of nine Jouamaa Hakama GW samples and eleven Ouljat Echatt SW samples were taken and analyzed in 2021 and 2022 to determine 16 physical and chemical parameters (pH, temperature (T), electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness (TH), turbidity (TURB), and total dissolved solids (TDS), cations: Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, anions: Cl−, CO32−, HCO3−, NO3−, and SO42−). For exploitation of the data, we used a methodology based on hydrochemical modeling (HM), principal component analysis (PCA), Water Quality Index (WQI), Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI), inverse distance weighted interpolation (IDW) using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and regression analysis (RA). We studied the interaction of the surface water of the river (contaminated by discharges from the WWTP) with the shallow groundwater on a strip of 100 m on either side of the river to understand the transverse and longitudinal dispersion of this pollution The investigations indicated that the major ions found in GW and SW were characterized in a different order in the anion list order Cl− > CO32− > NO3− > HCO3− > SO42− and Cl− > SO42− > CO32− > NO3− > HCO3−, respectively, while the concentrations of cations showed the same order for both: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+. As a result, GW showed in the Piper diagram the type of sodium chloride to magnesium carbonate, while SW belongs to the sodium chloride to magnesium sulfate type. The WQI showed that the river waters are all unsuitable for use (WQI > 100), while the GW is of poor quality (WQI > 76). Moreover, the results of the GW–SW interaction along the river revealed a significant relationship (R2 = 0.85), which means that strong circulation and the infiltration of contaminated SW into shallow GW occur in this area. The approaches followed have been proven effective in evaluating water quality for human and animal uses. These results can help decision-makers in the region take suitable management measures to mitigate this environmental problem.
Influence of 3D Fracture Geometry on Water Flow and Solute Transport in Dual-Conduit Fracture
Authors: Li Yubo , Chen Linjie , Shi Yonghong
Published: May 2023

The geometry of the fracture exerts an important impact on the flow of the fractures and the transport of the solutes. Herein, Forchheimer’s law and the weighted-sum ADE (WSADE) model were alternatively employed, and the obtained pressure gradient versus discharge curves for the fitting reveal that Forchheimer’s law adequately described the non-Darcy flow behavior and the robust capability of WSADE in capturing the non-Fickian transport in dual-conduit fractures (DCFs). Different boundary layer effects brought about obvious differences in water flow and solute transport trends between 2D and 3D fractures. Moreover, with the change in the distance between the main conduit and the diversion conduit, the hydraulic parameters were correlated with the fitting parameters in Forchheimer’s law and WSADE. The solute mixing process is dramatically altered by the results, which directly demonstrate major flow patterns at the intersection. The prediction of solute transport in naturally fractured rocks depends primarily on the depicted flow and its effects on mixing. The findings help to increase the understanding of transport processes in such systems, especially for characterizing the dual-peaked BTCs obtained in aquifers.
Alimentación de cuyes con harina de papa como sustituto del maíz amarillo y alfalfa
Authors: Tello Evangelista Lida Leny , Mendoza Tucto Raúl Filiol , Alejos Patiño Italo Wile , Cotrina Cabello Guillermo Gomer
Published: May 2023

Perú con mayor consumo de cuyes, producción anual 16,500 toneladas de carne proveniente de 65 millones de cuyes. El objetivo fue determinar uso harina de papa de descarte como sustituto del maíz amarillo y alfalfa, en alimentación de cuyes en la localidad de Chavinillo. Metodología se empleó diseño de bloques completamente randomizados durante el periodo de nueve semanas, con 4 tratamientos, la población de estudio fueron 48 cuyes; machos y hembras. Resultado se obtuvo los datos de tratamiento testigo T0 (63,2 % de maíz molido + 10,5 % afrecho de trigo + 26,32 % de torta de soya) la mayor aceptación tuvieron cuyes machos y hembras, el índice de conversión alimenticia en cuyes machos fue 7.23 kg, tratamiento T2 (62% Harina de papa de descarte + 9 % afrecho de trigo + 29 % de torta de soya) los cuyes hembras fue 5.52 kg que obtuvo, el tratamiento T3 (64% Harina de papa de descarte + 7,7% afrecho de trigo + 28 % de torta de soya), la relación beneficio/costo tuvo en la investigación de S/ 1.70, tratamiento testigo T0 (63,2 % de maíz molido + 10,5 % afrecho de trigo + 26,32 % de torta de soya).Conclusión demostraron el tratamiento más eficaz para ganancia de peso fue el tratamiento testigo T0 (63,2 % de maíz molido + 10,5 % afrecho de trigo + 26,32 % de torta de soya), la evaluación estadística fue indiferente al uso de cualquiera dieta donde hubo inclusión de harina de papa de descarte.
Gestión inteligente de los datos en la agroindustria
Authors: Bermeo Almeida Oscar Xavier , Guevara Arias Verónica Isabel , Dávila Vargas William Jair
Published: May 2023

La gestión inteligente de los datos contribuye con el trabajo en conjuntos para resolver los principales problemas relacionados con la agricultura, tales como el acceso a la información, el intercambio de habilidades y conocimientos, la seguridad alimentaria, el control de plagas de cultivos. Por ello, el objetivo a desarrollar en este estudio es analizar la gestión inteligente de datos en el sector agrícola. Para cual, fue realizado un estudio bibliográfico de carácter descriptivo, en donde se organizó el contenido siguiendo los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron estudios de tipo inductivos los cuales estuvieron basados en imágenes, tablas y de información relevante, detallando como la gestión inteligente es una herramienta esencial para el desarrollo, producción y comercialización de bienes y servicios en diversas cadenas, pero sobre todo de la agroindustria. Para finalizar se tiene se concluye que las empresas han logrado mejorar su rentabilidad luego de implementar la gestión de datos inteligentes en sus procesos, funciones y actividades que se realizan en las mismas, determinando que las empresas del área agroindustrial están alcanzando un nivel óptimo en cuanto a crecimiento financiero.
Semantics of fugue themes in the context of figurative distinctiveness of J. S. Bach’s cycle “Three Sonatas and Three Partitas for Violin Solo”
Authors: Andriievskyi Ihor
Published: May 2023

The statement of problem. The article is an attempt to comprehend the semantic originality of the text of three Fugues in Bach’s Sonatas for solo violin. Despite the fact that J. S. Bach’s music has long been the basis of the musical culture of mankind, interest in the scientific study of his work does not fade away: new attempts to penetrate the world of the composer’s creative ideas, to discover the unknown secrets of his thoughts appear again and again.For the first time in Ukrainian Bach studies, an attempt is made to explore the similarity of semantics of the Canonical Church texts and the themes of the Fugues for solo violin. The purpose of the article is, by analyzing the themes of three Fugues (G minor, A minor, C Major), to prove the semantic kinship with the Canonical Latin text and, taking this into account, to clarify the symbolic and artistic content of other parts of J. S. Bach’s solo violin Sonatas (Siciliana in B Flat Major, Andante in C Major, Adagio in C Major), and to give some tips for performers when playing fugues. The methods of intonation and semantic analysis, deductive and comparative approaches are used in the study. Discussion and results. Particularly important is the fact that Bach’s Three Sonatas and Three Partitas for solo violin are traditionally treated in musicology as a “meta-cycle”, whose image sphere is linked to the key events of the Gospel: Christmas, Passion and Resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ (Wolff, 2000, Kogut, 2008; Lebedev, 2016, Pavliy, 1989, etc.). The study reveals high probability of closeness of the semantic content of the fugue theme and the canonical text of Latin prayers, which are the textual basis of the key parts of the Mass: “Christe eleison” – close to the theme of the Fugue in G minor, “Kyrie eleison” – the Fugue in A minor, “Et resurrexit tertia die” – the Fugue in C Major. Since fugues are the main parts of Bach’s Sonatas, this comparison reveals the symbolic meaning of the entire “metacycle” in a different way, more fully, and allows us to comprehend other parts of the Sonatas (“Siciliana” in B-flat Major, Andante in C Major, Adagio in C Major). Taking into account the above mentioned semantic guidelines, the article provides some recommendations for the performance phrasing and articulation of the musical text. Conclusion. The model of perceiving the thematisizm of three Fugues, which (along with the famous “Ciaccona”) are key parts of the cycle, proposed by the author of the article, makes it possible to find new interpretive solutions and greatly facilitates the searchfor high-quality means of expression, helps to choose rightly the tempo, articulation, dynamics, phrasing, strokes; contributing to achievement of textural transparency and completeness of entire form, it determines the figurative and emotional reinterpretation of other parts of the cycle.
Clinical Course of Adult FSGS and Minimal Change Disease in North American and Japanese Cohorts
Authors: Ozeki Takaya , Gillespie Brenda W. , Larkina Maria , Maruyama Shoichi , Alakwaa Fadhl , Kretzler Matthias , Mariani Laura H.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Regional differences in presentation and clinical course of nephrotic syndrome (NS) have not been studied well because few studies directly compared the data from different intercontinental regions.

Methods:

We included adult nephrotic patients with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and Minimal Change Disease (MCD) who received immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in a North American (NEPTUNE, n=89) or Japanese (N-KDR, n=288) cohort. Baseline characteristics and rates of complete remission (CR) were compared. Factors associated with time to CR were evaluated by Cox regression models.

Results:

NEPTUNE cases had more FSGS (53.9 vs. 17.0%) and family history of kidney disease (35.2 vs. 3.2%). N-KDR cases were older (median 56 vs. 43 years) and demonstrated greater levels of UPCR (7.73 vs. 6.65) and hypoalbuminemia (1.6 vs. 2.2 mg/dL). N-KDR cases showed higher proportion of CR (overall: 89.2 vs. 62.9%; FSGS: 67.3 vs. 43.7%; MCD: 93.7 vs. 85.4%). A multivariable model showed that FSGS (vs. MCD: HR=0.28, 95%CI 0.20-0.41), systolic blood pressure (per 10 mmHg: HR=0.93, 95%CI 0.86-0.99) and eGFR (per 10 mL/min/1.73m2: HR=1.16, 95%CI 1.09-1.24) were associated with time to CR. There were significant interactions in patient age (p=0.004) and eGFR (p=0.001) between the cohorts.

Conclusion:

The North American cohort had more FSGS and more frequent family history. Japanese patients showed more severe NS with better response to IST. FSGS, hypertension and lower eGFR were shared predictors of poor treatment response. Identifying shared and unique features across geographically diverse populations may help uncover biologically relevant subgroups, improve prediction of disease course and better design future multi-national clinical trials.
Information and communication and digital technology in education: Some aspects of SMART technology application
Authors: Koval-Mazyuta Mariya , Bakhmat Nataliia , Sonechko Olga , Fedotov Viacheslav , Kustovska Oksana
Published: May 2023

The relevance of the research work is due to the growing interest in the implementation of information and communication and digital technology in the educational process. The article pays special attention to the peculiarities of the impact of smart-technology on the formation of the digital component of professional competence as a mediated indicator of the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative teaching technology. Modern smart technologies in education are designed to make education modern, accessible, and effective. The aim of the work was to identify the impact of implementing smart-technology on students' academic success and the dynamics of the formation of the digital component of professional competence, and then to investigate the features of the proposed innovative educational method. The article investigates and systematizes the peculiarities of the experience of using digital and information and communication technologies, taking into account the need to organize the educational process in the conditions of distance and mixed forms of education. Methods of mediated research of the effectiveness of the implementation of innovative educational technologies are actualized. Given the multifaceted nature of the topic under consideration, future research should focus on studying the specifics of implementing smart-technologies for training specialists in various educational areas. Also, special attention of researchers is required to analyze the effectiveness of popular tools of smart-technologies.
Reminiscence of Education in Post-War Years: Sierra Leone as a Case Study
Authors: Jackson Emerson Abraham , Jackson Hudson Freddie
Published: May 2023

The main purposes of this paper are as follows: (I) to provide a historical narrative of Sierra Leone's educational system, (II) to assess the impact of war on the country's educational system and pace of development in the current digital age, and finally, (III) to offer some discourses for policy dialogue in embracing the developmental landscape of the country.

Methodology. The study is based on a "narrative" approach to exploring the outcomes of the civil war that resulted in the complete disruption of the education system in Sierra Leone.

Results. The outcome of the study, which utilizes a narrative methodological approach, has captured pertinent areas of concern regarding the destructive legacy that the civil war brought to the country. Notable among these is the complete collapse of standards in the education system and, even more notably, the emergence of fake educational institutions. The results also draw attention to the positives of free education in creating equality in access to education for all.

Conclusions. The study outcome shows that Sierra Leone is making some steady progress in providing an inclusive education for that despite the bad memory that the civil war brought to the entire nation. Moving on, the study outcome noted that progress needs to be made in terms of embracing modern technology to address emerging developments in areas pertaining to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and many more. Also, to resurrect the country to its earlier glory of high educational standards, efforts must be made to raise the profile of those responsible for delivering the curriculum (teachers in particular), while at the same time ensuring high quality of graduates are made to enter through competitive salaries.
Sanga Tamil in Visual Media
Authors: S Suresh Kumar
Published: May 2023

Media has the power to make huge changes in society. People trust the media to the extent that they define food, clothing, culture, lifestyle through the media and especially the power of visual media such as film, television, advertisements, and the Internet which cannot be explained in words plays a major role in people’s day-to-day life. Today media rules the whole world and it also led to the formation and overthrow of regimes in many countries. Through media even the opinion of a common man in a corner of the world is spread to all. When we look into telecasted television stories we can come to know that there are many story treasures that are poured in Tamil and English literature. It is a real fact that if we telecast the story of Sangam literary works in to Tamil cinema, the quality of Tamil cinema will be more refined than that of world cinema and it will become stronger.
Per Capita Income – Based on Sangam Era
Authors: D Ramasamy
Published: May 2023

Porunar, Pulavar, Panar, Koudhar, Patini, Varaviyar are known as Iravalars (beggers). They are called as Iravalars because they earn their living by singing. In their songs, they praise the rich people and as gift, they get gifts, money and so on. The rich people also go in search of Iravalars, because they love to hear their songs in praise of them. Sangha literary texts speaks abundantly and extensively about the people living as Iravalars and how they earn their income by singing praise of others.