Abstract 6457: The real-world data of comprehensive genomic profiling tests with tissue specimens from lung cancer patients in Japan
Authors: Fujii Koki , Morishita Momoko , Ueki Michiko , Ikushima Hiroaki , Isago Hideaki , Watanabe Kousuke , Oda Katsutoshi , Kage Hidenori 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Molecularly targeted therapy improves prognosis of lung cancer patients with specific genomic alterations, and thus it is important to identify actionable genomic alterations leading to appropriate therapy. In Japan, comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) tests have been covered by insurance since June 2019. 99.7% of the CGP data under insurance coverage have been registered with the nationwide database: Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT). C-CAT data include CGP test results and clinical information such as companion diagnostic results for EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and BRAF as well as therapeutic history. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of CGP tests for identifying actionable genomic alterations in real-world lung cancer patients.

Methods: Among the 3,240 lung cancer patients registered in the C-CAT database by September 2023, 2,076 non-small cell lung cancer cases were tested using tissue specimens and analyzed retrospectively. The analysis was based on the levels of evidence defined by C-CAT. Level A indicated approved drugs for the particular cancer type, while level C indicated approved drugs or presence of positive clinical trials regardless of cancer type. Level F indicated that the genomic alteration was an oncogenic marker.

Results: The cases were divided into two groups: 335 cases with known genomic alterations with positive results from companion diagnostic tests or use of specific inhibitors and 1,741 cases without. Genomic alterations with level A, A to C, and A to F were identified in 430 cases (24.7%), 1174 cases (67.4%), and 1718 cases (98.7%) with unknown genomic alterations, respectively. Genomic alterations with level A included rearrangement of RET (43 of 1741 cases, 2.5%), ALK (14 cases, 0.8%), ROS1 (8 cases, 0.5%), and NTRK1 (2 cases, 0.1%), and mutations of EGFR (124 cases, 7.1%), MET (38 cases, 2.2%), ERBB2 (122 cases, 7.0%), KRAS G12C (66 cases, 3.8%), and BRAF V600E (15 cases, 0.9%). Genomic alterations with level C included mutations in KRAS (185 cases, 10.6%), PIK3CA (99 cases, 5.7%), BRAF (55 cases, 3.2%), and PTEN (32 cases, 1.8%) and amplifications in ERBB2 (147 cases, 8.4%) and MET (68 cases, 3.9%). Among cases with known genomic alterations, ALK and ROS1 fusion genes were not detected in 11 of 49 (22.4%) and 17 of 46 (37.0%), while EGFR and BRAF mutation was not detected in 11 of 218 (5.0%) and 3 of 4 cases (75.0%), respectively. The detection rate of fusion genes was lower than that of mutated genes (70.5% vs 93.7%, p&lt;0.001).

Conclusion: In non-small cell lung cancer patients with unknown driver genes, driver oncogenes with corresponding approved therapy were found in a quarter of the patients. CGP tests offer the possibility of increasing the opportunities of receiving new therapies. CGP tests may have a lower detection rate for fusion genes compared with other mutations.

Citation Format: Koki Fujii, Momoko Morishita, Michiko Ueki, Hiroaki Ikushima, Hideaki Isago, Kousuke Watanabe, Katsutoshi Oda, Hidenori Kage. The real-world data of comprehensive genomic profiling tests with tissue specimens from lung cancer patients in Japan [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6457.