bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Improve Gait Asymmetries in Neurological Populations
Authors: Meder Krista , LoJacono Chanel , Rhea Christopher
Published: January 2022

Gait asymmetries are commonly observed in neurological populations and linked to decreased gait velocity, balance decrements, increased fall risk, and heightened metabolic cost. Interventions designed to improve gait asymmetries have varying methods and results. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate non-pharmacological interventions to improve gait asymmetries in neurological populations. Keyword searches were conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, and Academic Search Complete. The search yielded 14 studies for inclusion. Gait was assessed using 3D motion capture systems (n = 7), pressure-sensitive mats (e.g., GAITRite; n = 5), and positional sensors (n = 2). The gait variables most commonly analyzed for asymmetry were step length (n = 11), stance time (n = 9), and swing time (n = 5). Interventions to improve gait asymmetries predominantly used gait training techniques via a split-belt treadmill (n = 6), followed by insoles/orthoses (n = 3). The literature suggests that a wide range of methods can be used to improve spatiotemporal asymmetries. However, future research should further examine kinematic and kinetic gait asymmetries. Additionally, researchers should explore the necessary frequency and duration of various intervention strategies to achieve the greatest improvement in gait asymmetries, and to determine the best symmetry equation for quantifying gait asymmetries.
Predication and Photon Statistics of a Three-Level System in the Photon Added Negative Binomial Distribution
Authors: Aloafi Tahani A. , Elhag Azhari A. , Jawa Taghreed M. , Sayed-Ahmed Neveen , Bayones Fatimah S. , Bouslimi Jamel , Marin Marin
Published: January 2022

Statistical and artificial neural network models are applied to forecast the quantum scheme of a three-level atomic system (3LAS) and field, initially following a photon added negative binomial distribution (PANBD). The Mandel parameter is used to detect the photon statistics of a radiation field. Explicit forms of the PANBD are given. The prediction of the Mandel parameter, atomic probability of the 3LAS in the upper state, and von Neumann entropy are obtained using time series and artificial neural network methods. The influence of probability success photons and the number of added photons to the NBD are examined. The total density matrix is used to compute and analyze the time evolution of the initial photonic negative binomial probability distribution that governs the 3LAS–field photon entanglement behavior. It is shown that the statistical quantities are strongly affected by probability success photons and the number of added photons to the NBD. Also, the prediction of quantum entropy is achieved by the time series and neural network.
A Peek Outside Our Universe
Authors: Gaztanaga Enrique , Fosalba Pablo
Published: January 2022

According to general relativity (GR), a universe with a cosmological constant Λ, like ours, is trapped inside an event horizon, r<3/Λ. What is outside? We show, using Israel (1967) junction conditions, that there could be a different universe outside. Our universe looks like a black hole for an outside observer. Outgoing radial null geodesics cannot escape our universe, but incoming photons can enter and leave an imprint on our CMB sky. We present a picture of such a fossil record from the analysis of CMB maps that agrees with the black hole universe predictions but challenges our understanding of the origin of the primordial universe.
Results of Preliminary Studies on the Perception of the Relationships between Objects Presented in a Cartesian Space
Authors: Woodring Ira , Owen Charles
Published: January 2022

Visualizations often use the paradigm of a Cartesian space for the presentation of objects and information. Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a visual language used to describe relationships in processes and systems and is heavily used in computer science and software engineering. Visualizations are a powerful development tool, but are not necessarily accessible to all users, as individuals may differ in their level of visual ability or perceptual biases. Sonfication methods can be used to supplement or, in some cases, replace visual models. This paper describes two studies created to determine the ability of users to perceive relationships between objects in a Cartesian space when presented in a sonified form. Results from this study will be used to guide the creation of sonified UML software.
Implementing a Substance-Use Screening and Intervention Program for People Living with Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis: Pragmatic Experience from Khayelitsha, South Africa
Authors: Reuter Anja , Beko Buci , Memani Boniwe , Furin Jennifer , Daniels Johnny , Rodriguez Erickmar , Reuter Hermann , Weich Lize , Isaakidis Petros , von der Heyden Erin , Kock Yulene , Mohr-Holland Erika
Published: January 2022

Substance use (SU) is associated with poor rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) treatment outcomes. In 2017, a SBIRT (SU screening-brief intervention-referral to treatment) was integrated into routine RR-TB care in Khayelitsha, South Africa. This was a retrospective study of persons with RR-TB who were screened for SU between 1 July 2018 and 30 September 2020 using the ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test). Here we describe outcomes from this program. Persons scoring moderate/high risk received a brief intervention and referral to treatment. Overall, 333 persons were initiated on RR-TB treatment; 38% (n = 128) were screened for SU. Of those, 88% (n = 113/128) reported SU; 65% (n = 83/128) had moderate/high risk SU. Eighty percent (n = 103/128) reported alcohol use, of whom 52% (n = 54/103) reported moderate/high risk alcohol use. Seventy-seven persons were screened for SU within ≤2 months of RR-TB treatment initiation, of whom 69%, 12%, and 12% had outcomes of treatment success, loss to follow-up and death, respectively. Outcomes did not differ between persons with no/low risk and moderate/high risk SU or based on the receipt of naltrexone (p > 0.05). SU was common among persons with RR-TB; there is a need for interventions to address this co-morbidity as part of “person-centered care”. Integrated, holistic care is needed at the community level to address unique challenges of persons with RR-TB and SU.
In Situ Hybridization of Feline Leukemia Virus in a Case of Osteochondromatosis
Authors: Szilasi Anna , Koltai Zsófia , Dénes Lilla , Balka Gyula , Mándoki Míra
Published: January 2022

Osteochondromatosis, also known as multiple cartilaginous exostosis, polyostotic osteochondroma, and multiple osteochondromas, comprises one-fifth of all primary bone tumors in cats, with no breed or sex predisposition or hereditary pattern. Unlike in dogs, horses, and humans, it is predominantly seen in young cats (2–4 years old), after the maturation of the skeleton. Although the pathogenesis of osteochondromatosis is not fully understood, it is considered to be related to infection by feline leukemia virus (FeLV) or other retroviruses, such as the feline sarcoma virus. However, the presence of viral particles within tumor lesions has only been demonstrated by electron microscopy. The malignant transformation of osteochondromas, most typically to osteosarcoma or chondrosarcoma, has also been attributed to the viral infection. Here we report the case of osteochondromatosis in a 3.5-year-old male domestic European shorthair cat with concurrent FeLV infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Viral RNA was visualized in representative tissues (spleen, mesenteric lymph node, liver, kidney, lung, brain) and in the osteochondromas with RNAscope in situ hybridization, which supports that FeLV infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of osteochondromatosis.
Evaluation of Machine Learning Techniques for Hydrological Drought Modeling: A Case Study of the Wadi Ouahrane Basin in Algeria
Authors: Achite Mohammed , Jehanzaib Muhammad , Elshaboury Nehal , Kim Tae-Woong
Published: January 2022

Forecasting meteorological and hydrological drought using standardized metrics of rainfall and runoff (SPI/SRI) is critical for the long-term planning and management of water resources at the global and regional levels. In this study, various machine learning (ML) techniques including four methods (i.e., ANN, ANFIS, SVM, and DT) were utilized to construct hydrological drought forecasting models in the Wadi Ouahrane basin in the northern part of Algeria. The performance of ML models was assessed using evaluation criteria, including RMSE, MAE, NSE, and R2. The results showed that all the ML models accurately predicted hydrological drought, while the SVM model outperformed the other ML models, with the average RMSE = 0.28, MAE = 0.19, NSE = 0.86, and R2 = 0.90. The coefficient of determination of SVM was 0.95 for predicting SRI at the 12-months timescale; as the timescale moves from higher to lower (12 months to 3 months), R2 starts decreasing.
Optimal Design of a Short Primary Double-Sided Linear Induction Motor for Urban Rail Transit
Authors: Wang Hanming , Zhao Jinghong , Xiong Yiyong , Xu Hao , Yan Sinian
Published: January 2022

Linear induction motors (LIMs) have been widely used in rail transit. However, Due to the breaking of the primary core and the large air gap, the efficiency and power factor of LIMs are seriously damaged, causing a large amount of energy waste. To improve the efficiency and power factor of LIMs for urban rail transit, we present a new optimization method for the design of a short primary double-sided linear induction motor (SP-DLIM) with a rated speed of 45 km/h and small thrust. The method is based on a steady state equivalent circuit model and the differential evolutionary algorithm (DEA). Moreover, the design constraints and the objective functions are proposed for the optimization problem. Finally, the optimized SP-DLIM is simulated by 2D transient finite element method (FEM). The 2-D transient FEM results verify the accuracy of the optimization method proposed in this paper.
Szkoły Wydziału Litewskiego w strukturze szkolnej Komisji Edukacji Narodowej
Authors: Kamińska Janina
Published: January 2022

SZKOŁY WYDZIAŁU LITEWSKIEGO W STRUKTURZE SZKOLNEJ KOMISJI EDUKACJI NARODOWEJ

Adnotacja. Komisja Edukacji Narodowej w chwili powołania w 1773 roku nie miała jeszcze wizji swej struktury organizacyjnej. Jej ostateczne ustalanie trwało dość długo. Stało się to bowiem dopiero po dziesięciu latach, gdy w 1783 roku członkowie Komisji Edukacji Narodowej zatwierdzili Ustawy Komisji Edukacji Narodowej dla stanu akademickiego i na szkoły w krajach Rzeczypospolitej przepisane. Zgodnie z zapisem Ustaw kraj został podzielony na dziesięć wydziałów szkolnych: sześć w Koronie i cztery w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim. Na Litwie powstały wydziały Litewski, Nowogródzki, Żmudzki i Poleski.
Artykuł pokazuje ogólny obraz pracy szkół średnich Wydziału Litewskiego, które funkcjonowały w Grodnie, Wilnie, Białymstoku, Wiszniewie, Postawach, Wołkowysku, Mereczu, Lidzie i Szczuczynie. Ukazuje ich działalność pod kątem nauczycieli, uczniów, realizacji programu nauczania oraz sukcesów i porażek wychowawczych.

Słowa kluczowe: Komisja Edukacji Narodowej, Wydział Litewski, szkoły Wydziału Litewskiego, Ustawy Komisji Edukacji Narodowej.
Luomas, pašaukimas ir profesija Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės kariuomenėje 1775–1794 m.
Authors: Rakutis Valdas
Published: January 2022

ESTATE, CALLING AND PROFESSION IN THE MILITARY OF THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA IN 1775–1794

The article reviews development of the military of one part in the Commonwealth of Both Nations, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, from the viewpoint of estate based structure, calling and professionalism. It reveals that, just like in the other armies of the eighteenth century, in Lithuania most of the estate structure could be found in cavalry, especially in the National Cavalry Brigades, and the least – in artillery and engineering corps. Estates did not carry only the negative meaning if the general level of education and skills among nobility was higher than the indicators in other estates. However, because of the generally low level of education before the reforms of the Commission of National Education, military units with estate based privileges (e. g. National Cavalry Brigades) were noted for a low level of professionalism and showed themselves poorly in the course of 1792 war with Russia and the uprising battles of 1794. At the same time, front guard regiments, made-up of Tartars and less privileged individuals, demonstrated much higher standards because estate exclusivity was accompanied by experience and military traditions carried over from the Seven-Year War. The highest standards of professionalism were maintained in the Lithuanian artillery and engineering corps. The progress was notable during the Four-Year Sejm, especially in the winter of 1791–1792. Infantry units were able to harmonize privileges of the estate structure with professional requirements and could be considered as matching the military of other countries in peace time.
There was no place for calling in the army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania prior to 1788 drive for expanding the military, and only during the war of 1792 attention was given to the skills of people, holding offices. During uprising of Tadeusz Kościuszko many gifted soldiers came to the fore, and even civilians with leadership gifts who led both improvised rebel units and large military units, thus opening pages of the noble tradition of uprisings in the nineteenth century, where calling and professionalism gradually pushed out the relics of estate-based military.

Keywords: military of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, eighteenth century, estate, calling, profession, uprising of Tadeusz Kościuszko, infantry, cavalry, artillery, engineering, irregular units.
Overview of the best marketing practices of hotel brands during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ", Kobyak Marina Viktorovna ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics", Ilina Elena L’vovna ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Plekhanov Russian University of Economics", Latkin Aleksandr Nikolaevich ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Plekhanov Russian University of Economics"
Published: January 2022

In the article, the experience of hotel brands in organizing timely interaction with guests during the COVID-19 pandemic is reviewed. The authors analyzed the use of original high-tech modern marketing approaches to communication with a guest, which are used by hotel brands, trying, without wasting time, to remain in the spotlight of regular customers and attract new potential guests.
The role of ”green” technologies in the development of the hotel industry
Authors:   State Autonomous Educational Institution ", Loboda Sofija Idrisovna ,   Moscow State University of Sport and Tourism", Ushakov R. N. ,   Moscow State University of Sports and Tourism State Autonomous Educational Institution "Moscow State University of Sport and Tourism"
Published: January 2022

The article describes the current aspects of green technologies and the environmental friendliness of hotels, the possibility of using environmentally friendly materials in the process of hotel activities of hotels. The importance of their participation in the tourism business is substantiated and the results of this process and implementation are presented. The procedure of certification of hotels in this direction is also described in detail, the introduction of programs to minimize waste in the hotel, environmental pollution, as well as the use of innovative energy-saving technologies, what international programs exist and their requirements for environmentally friendly accommodation are considered. The purpose of this article is to consider and study the issues of what place green technologies currently occupy in the hotel industry, the use of green technologies by eco-hotels as one of the actively developing branches of the hotel business, the environmental friendliness of the product offered by the hotel industry using a "green" policy, the relevance of these issues in both foreign and Russian social programs. The authors set an urgent task and substantiate the important role of the development of green technologies in the hotel industry. Within the framework of this article, we will try to first touch on ecotourism, give as an example some of the possible forms of ecotourism, assess the environmental requirements imposed on foreign hotel businesses and used by such enterprises in connection with these requirements, green technologies, and then move on to green technologies used by Russian hotel businesses. A search was conducted for Russian alternative programs for the implementation of environmental policy in hotels. The types of eco-hotels are considered, ways to reduce costs and increase profits, increase competitiveness when using green technologies and their role in the hotel industry.
ESG transformation and development of hotel business
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ", Muhomorova Irina Viktorovna ,   Russian State Social University"
Published: January 2022

Nowadays, a business that follows the principles of environmental, social and corporate governance is now more attractive to potential investors and employees. ESG-transformation at the international level is practically taking place in various industries and business areas. In this regard, the hotel business needs to determine specific ESG-performance criteria corresponding to the Sustainable Development Goals, which will become the basis for attracting investments based on the industry ratings formed. The implementation of the ESG-transformation will require the unification of professionals and owners of the hotel business to develop common criteria for compliance with the ESG-agenda. The need to develop ESG-performance criteria in the hospitality industry is determined and related to the willingness to enter into ESG-transformation, taking into account the need for additional financial burden and the need for early recovery after the pandemic. Environmental criteria are related to the use of green technologies in the operation of hotels, issues of energy efficiency, resource conservation and will require a reduction in energy consumption during the operation of a hotel enterprise. The social ones are directed to the internal and external environment of the hotel. Socially oriented criteria for ESGrating of hotels are the most difficult object for approval by professionals of the hotel industry, taking into account the diversity of hotel enterprises and their locations. The criteria for quality management must include corporate governance and corporate behavior. In addition, such changes will also affect consumers of hotel services, who will need time to understand the essence and meaning of ESGtransformation. To implement such a transformation, the involvement of the state in achieving the goals of sustainable development in the hotel industry in Russia and its interest in the ESG-transformation of the hotel business is determined.
Construction of theoretical models for the lifting mechanism of the foundry crane
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Borisenko V. F. , Sidorov V. A. ,   Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Bazhutin D. V. ,   Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Zemlyanskiy A. I. ,   Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk
Published: January 2022

In the lifting drive of the foundry crane, there are emergency situations provoked by failures of bolted connections in the insert of the split drum. The latter is explained by the appearance of unequal gaps in the gearboxes of the «left» and «right» electromechanical systems driven by asynchronous motors with short-circuited rotors powered by individual frequency converters. With high rigidity of the mechanical characteristics of the engines, small deviations in nominal slides can cause a significant variation in engine loads and, as a result, unequal loading of gearboxes and a skew in the loading of the insert. This leads to a violation of the stability of the speed regime of both parts of the drum and to the appearance of additional dynamic loads in the lifting ropes and vibrations of the bucket with metal. The proposed design schemes of the lifting mechanism of the foundry crane allow tracing the nature of simplifications and focusing on possible emergency situations. Lifting models of electromechanical systems make it possible to study their dynamics in typical operating modes. The presence of a gap in the insert when one of the motors is switched off leads to an oscillatory process in electromechanical systems; this especially affects the movement of the insert elements — there are areas of gap opening, which leads to additional dynamic loads in bolted connections and their premature failure. It is recommended to take the elastic moment in the insert as a diagnostic value, by the nature of the change of which it is possible to judge the development of an emergency situation in electromechanical lifting systems.
Interaction of enterprises with different degrees of automation
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, 46th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Ganina G.E. , Ostrovskiy Yu.A. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, 46th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Yakovleva A.P. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow
Published: January 2022

The approach to the selection of models and methods for describing the relationships between enterprises of different automation completeness is described. Research in the field of labor transformations is proving fruitful due to the fact that the identified role of creativity becomes decisive when establishing interactions between enterprises of various degrees of automation. It is shown that the best models are those based on the regularities of labor transformations, in which the phenomenon of creativity occupies the main place. To assess the usefulness of the interaction of enterprises with each other, it is necessary to determine the "producing" capabilities of a particular enterprise and under what conditions, namely, in what external environment, this interaction can occur. It was found that the formation of "capital" in the form of the creative potential of the system, which can now participate as a "converging" component in many calculations, is very promising for further development. It is obvious that relations between enterprises of varying degrees of completeness of automation develop in different ways and it is possible to describe them formally and objectively only if we find patterns common to all situations. This article describes an approach to finding and using such patterns in practice. English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/interaction-of-enterprises-with-different-levels-of-automation/77709.html
Features of translation of various emphatic constructions in the technical text
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Fufurina T.A. , Milchakova O. M. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Loseva O.M. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow
Published: January 2022

This article discusses various types of emphatic constructions and emphatic intensifiers, characteristic of the English language and frequently found in scientific texts, as well as their translation options from English into Russian. The concept of emphatic constructions, widely used in linguistics in general, is defined. The term «emphasis» is understood by linguists as a natural phenomenon of emotionally colored speech. Differentiation between such concepts as expressiveness and emotionality is carried out. The ways of conveying expressiveness through emotional or logical intensification of speech with the help of morphological, syntactic and word-formation forms of language are considered. The features and methods of translating emphatic constructions from English into Russian are analyzed, taking into account the use of lexical, grammatical and lexicogrammatical language tools. The difficulties of translating emphatic constructions that students of technical higher educational institutions may encounter when translating technical texts are described. Examples of the use of various emphatic constructions and emphatic intensifiers in scientific texts in the field of mechanical engineering are given, including such constructions as inversion, conditional sentences of the second and third types, constructions with double negation, the use of emphatic do. Students of technical higher educational institutions are given recommendations on the options for translating emphatic constructions and emphatic intensifiers from English into Russian, the correctness of the rendering of which affects the adequacy of the translation and is of direct importance for the most complete and accurate representation of the original text in the target language
Black Stork Back: Species distribution model predictions of potential habitats for Black Stork Ciconia nigra in Sweden
Authors: Thulin Carl-Gustaf , Sörhammar Malin , Bohlin Jonas
Published: January 2022

Increased understanding of the need to save endangered and locally extinct species has led to restoration or preservation of populations through reintroductions. Reintroduction of a species is worthwhile if the prerequisites for existence at the historical location have improved. Thus, background information about the habitat requirements of a target species is important for introduction programmes to be successful. The Black Stork Ciconia nigra was lost as a breeding species in Sweden during the 20th century, but recent observations and reports of potential breeding indicate that habitat conditions for Black Stork in Sweden may have improved. In this study, we used species characteristics and references to identify habitats in Sweden suitable for potential reintroduction of Black Stork. We identified several suitable areas in the former distribution range of this species in southern Sweden. Seven Swedish counties contained more than 18 % suitable habitat within their total area, with highest proportions in Jönköping County (25.8 %), Blekinge County (23.9 %), Västra Götaland County (22.1 %) and Kronoberg County (20.7 %). We suggest these areas to be made the primary targets for Black Stork reintroduction in Sweden.
Invandringsförloppet hos vitstjärnig blåhake Luscinia svecica cyanecula på svenska västkusten
Authors: Andersson Reino
Published: January 2022

White-spotted Bluethroat Luscinia svecica cyanecula
is the latest addition to the Swedish bird fauna, with the first breeding in Scania in 2015. There were only three records on the Swedish West Coast north of Scania through 2016 and the first breeding was reported in 2018. Censuses performed in 2020 and 2021 revealed 12 and 17 singing males, respectively. Out of 39 singing males 2017–2021, 36 were found in Halland. Most birds were found in coastal wetlands with reedbeds, to which they arrived mainly in April. Nine males represented breeding pairs and second clutches were later observed for four breeding pairs. The Swedish expansion should be seen in the context of Danish immigration in combination with a large-scale advance via the Netherlands and Germany. The White-spotted Bluethroat belongs to those range-expanding taxa that are expected to increase due to warmer climate. As there is plenty of appropriate habitats, not least rapeseed fields, the conditions favour a continued range expansion in southern Sweden.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI SISWA PADA MATERI BILANGAN BULAT
Authors:   STKIP YDB Lubuk Alung, Jumrawarsi Jumrawarsi
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the high order thinking skills of class VII.1 SMPN 4 Pariaman students on integer material. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The research subjects consisted of 6 grade VII.1 students consisting of 2 high-ability, 2 moderate and 2 low-level students based on the value of assignments and daily tests of integer material and considerations of the mathematics teacher. Data analysis was in the form of analysis of students' test abilities, analysis ability in aspects of knowledge according to Bloom Taxonomy and interview analysis. The data validity test was done by using triangulation technique. The results of the test research show that the Bloom Taxonomic percentage of the increase with the average Bloom Taxonomy level of C4, C5, and C6 is 87.21%, 70.27%, 57.91%, respectively. This is the ability students have in solving problems that require higher-order thinking skills.
Antimicrobial Properties and Shear Bond Strength of Composite Used in Orthodontics Following the Addition of Curcumin-Reduced Nanographene Oxide
Authors: Ghorbanzadeh Roghayeh , Salehi Vaziri Abbas , Bahador Abbas
Published: January 2022

Background: Composites used in the direct bonding of brackets in fixed orthodontics are considered a suitable environment for the multiplication of cariogenic bacteria and the establishment of microbial plaques by creating a distance between the bracket, tooth surface, and surface properties such as porosity. In the present study, we decided to combine curcumin-reduced nano-graphene oxide (rGO-NCUR) with a composite resin used in orthodontics to achieve a composite with optimal shear bond strength (SBS) and antimicrobial properties against Streptococcus mutans as a main cariogenic bacterium. Methods: In the present study, nanoparticle of graphene oxide (NGO) was synthesized by the modified Hummers’ method using graphite powder and reacted by NCUR to regenerate reduced-NGO (rGO-NCUR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm the synthesis of NGO, NCUR, and rGO-NCUR. SBS and antimicrobial activity of Transbond XT composite containing 5% rGO-NCUR were performed against S. mutans biofilms. SPSS software, one-way ANOVA test, and Tukey post hoc test with a significance level equal to or less than 0.05 were used to analyze the data. Results: The synthesis of NGO, NCUR, and rGO-NCUR in nanoscale was confirmed by SEM. The amount of SBS in the composite sample with 5% w/w rGO-NCUR was 12.30 ± 0.65 MPa. The optical density of S. mutans in the biofilm structure formed on composite containing 5% w/w rGO-NCUR was significantly reduced (62.10%) compared with the control group, namely, original composites used in orthodontics (P<0.05). Conclusions: Based on the data of the present study, it can be concluded that composite containing 5% w/w rGO-CUR, without adverse effect on the physical-mechanical properties of composites, can be used as an antimicrobial additive of composites used in orthodontics to control biofilm formation and caries around orthodontic brackets.
Corticosteroid Therapy for 2019 Novel Coronavirus: Lessons From SARS and MERS
Authors: Fathi Mobina , Vakili Kimia , Hajibeygi Ramtin , Deravi Niloofar , Tavasol Arian , Yaghoobpoor Shirin , Ahsan Elahe , Mokhtari Melika , Fazel Tara , Kassaian Nazila
Published: January 2022

For the last three decades, the world population has experienced new epidemics of coronaviruses. The world is currently witnessing the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic, which is a disease that comes from a novel coronavirus called Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The available genetic and clinical proofs suggest a similar route to those of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and SARS. The clinical manifestations of infections caused by coronaviruses including SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 are pneumonia, bronchitis, or other serious respiratory infections. Various transmission ways (e.g., nosocomial transmission) and transmission through moderately symptomatic or non-symptomatic infected individuals have caused great concerns. Although no certain treatment has so far been developed for this disease, and prevention is the main applied strategy for these viruses, some medications can be used to help with this disease. Corticosteroids can be mentioned as an example of these medications. This article specifically reviewed the evidence regarding the effectiveness of the corticosteroid therapy for the coronavirus family (i.e., SARS, MERS, and COVID-19) and showed that there are insufficient data to recommend corticosteroid therapy for patients suffering from COVID-19.
Lignocellulose Nanofiber Media for the Enhanced Removal of Copper From Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Rastegar Saeedeh , Ghaffari Mansoor , Hoseini Homa
Published: January 2022

Nowadays, the entry of heavy metals entry into aqueous environments has jeopardized the health of human societies. The experiment was conducted in discontinuous conditions, and the study focused on examining the effect of five parameters including initial concentration, temperature, contact time, pH, and adsorbent dose on the adsorption of Cu heavy metals. In addition, the two-parameter models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich were studied and compared to evaluate isothermal absorption. The highest correlation coefficients were obtained for Freundlich (0.969) and Dubinin-Radushkevich (0.9603) models. Finally, thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy and entropy changes and Gibbs-free energy were calculated as well. The pH parameters, adsorption dose, contact time, temperature, and initial Cu concentrations in the discontinuous system had a statistically significant effect on the adsorption process. The results showed that the maximum efficiency of Cu adsorption by Lignocellulose nanofiber (LCNF) occurred at the pH of 6, contact time of 60 minutes, the ambient temperature of 25°C, and adsorption dose of 0.2 g. In the case of adsorption kinetics, the pseudo-second order model and intra-particle diffusion had more fitness with the experimental data indicating a chemical equilibrium between the adsorbate and the absorbent. Thermodynamic studies demonstrated that the process (negative ΔG) is spontaneous (negative ΔG), endothermic (negative ΔH), and non-random (positive ΔS). Thus, LCNF can be used as an effective adsorbent in the removal of metals by having an extremely high surface area.
Insight into an Integrated Evaluation of Unmitigated Disposal Options for the Largest Waste Disposal Site in Tehran Using Rapid Impact and Sustainability Assessment Method
Authors: Daryabeigi Zand Ali , Rabiee Abyaneh Maryam
Published: January 2022

This study integrated the rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM) analysis and the mathematical sustainability modeling to evaluate disposal options so as to find the most appropriate and practical unmitigated option for the main waste disposal site in Tehran, Iran. RIAM analysis was used to assess environmental impacts of five potential disposal options followed by determination of sustainability for each option. RIAM analysis results indicated that option 5 (i.e., composting) had the least negative cumulative impacts on the environmental score value of -481 among the studied options. Incineration of wastes, option 4, was found to be the least favorable option mainly due to the high relevant costs and emission of air pollutants. Option 3, sanitary landfilling, was found to have fewer negative impacts compared to the options 1 (open dumping), 2 (land burial), and 4. It was also found that none of the examined options were sustainable in unmitigated state; however, results indicated that option 5 was the most favorable one in terms of sustainability with an obtained sustainable value of -0.126, which was the lowest value of unsustainability found in the present study. Calculated values of environment for the evaluated options in unmitigated state were not sufficient enough to compensate for the corresponding values of human needs and interests. Finally, option 5 followed by option 3 were suggested as alternative disposal approaches for the current methods in unmitigated state to reduce negative environmental impacts of waste disposal.
Herbicide Residues in Water Resources: A Scoping Review
Authors: Jorfi Sahand , Rahim Fakher , Rahmani Alireza , Jaafarzadeh Nematollah , Ghaedrahmat Zeinab , Almasi Halime , Zahedi Amir
Published: January 2022

Several recent studies have focused on leaching pesticides from agricultural soils into surface and groundwater resources during irrigation. As a result, information about herbicide residues in water was necessary for conserving related resources. This study provided an overview of monitoring herbicides in water resources worldwide. In this scoping review, five databases were searched for publications (1990 to April 2021), including Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane library, Embase, and Web of Science. Among the 394 identified articles, 17 papers were selected for inclusion. Most of these studies have been conducted in regions with low herbicide concentrations, including Spain, Greece, Canada, Brazil, Hungary, Malawi, Portugal, Lesotho, Germany, Serbia, and the USA. The high-level alachlor, metolachlor, atrazine, metribuzin, and simazine herbicides in groundwater were detected in Portugal (0.4-13μg/L). An overview of studies demonstrated that herbicides are widely used in water resources, and surface waters are more contaminated than groundwaters.
PANDEMİ DÖNEMLERİNDE LİMİTED ŞİRKET GENEL KURUL TOPLANTILARI: ALMANYA VE TÜRKİYE BAKIMINDAN BİR İNCELEME
Authors: ÖZKAN Ahmet Fatih
Published: January 2022

Küresel bir sorun haline gelen Covid-19’un toplumsal alandaki zararlı etkilerini en aza indirmek üzere devletlerce birtakım yasal düzenlemeler yapılması yoluna gidilmiştir. Yapılan bu düzenlemelere yoğun olarak konu edilen alanlardan biri de salgın ortamında gerçekleştirilecek şirket genel kurullarıdır. Ortakların fiziki ortamda katılmaları halinde oluşabilecek insan yoğunluğu ve buna bağlı olarak bulaş riski nedeniyle, genel kurul toplantılarının salgın koşullarına uygun bir şekilde yapılmasını temin etmek üzere gerek Alman, gerekse Türk hukukunda bir dizi tedbir alınmıştır. Yapılan düzenlemelerle genel olarak fiziki ortamda gerçekleştirilecek genel kurulların ertelenmesine, iptal edilmesine veya elektronik ortama taşınmasına ya da toplantı yapılmaksızın genel kurul kararı alınmasının kolaylaştırılmasına çalışıldığı gözlemlenmektedir. Bu makalede Almanya ve Türkiye özelinde limited şirket genel kurulları için öngörülen Covid-19 tedbirleri ele alınmaktadır.
ПАШКО ВАСА И ИДЕОЛОГИЈА АЛБАНСКОГ НАЦИОНАЛИЗМА PASHKO VASA AND THE IDEOLOGY OF ALBANIAN NATIONALISM
Authors: Фундић Душан
Published: January 2022

In this article, the most important parts of Pashko Vasa’s biography are identified to explain his role as one of the leading ideologues of Albanian nationalism. Foremost, various memoranda on the Albanian Question written during the Great Eastern Crisis (1875–1878), with Vasa as the author or signer, are analysed. After that, the analysis of his book Albania and Albanians (1879) is given. Special attention is devoted to the parts in which the differences between the Albanians and their neighbours are underlined and to the ideas that would become an important part of the discourse of Albanian nationalism since the late 19th century. Also, by analysing several additional Vasa’s works, the importance of his legacy is pointed out.
ПОЛИТИКА МЛАДОТУРАКА ПРЕМА ДОСЕЉАВАЊУ МУХАЏИРА ИЗ БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ У ОСМАНСКО ЦАРСТВО 1908–1912. И РЕАКЦИЈA СРПСКЕ ВЛАДЕ НА ИСЕЉЕНИЧКИ ПОКРЕТ МУСЛИМАНА
THE POLICY OF THE YOUNG TURKS TOWARDS THE IMMIGRATION OF MUHAJIRS FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA TO THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN 1908–1912 AND THE REACTION OF THE SERBIAN GOVERNMENT TO THE MUSLIM EMIGRATION MOVEMENT
Authors: Шешум Урош
Published: January 2022

The paper presents the policy of the Young Turks and the attitude of the Government of the Kingdom of Serbia towards the emigration of Muhajirs from Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Ottoman Empire, and later their return to the homeland. The Serbian Government opposed the emigration of Muslims from Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Ottoman Empire and refused to provide assistance to those who moved to the area under the sovereignty of the Ottoman Porte. On the other hand, the Government of the Kingdom of Serbia supported and helped the movement of Muhajirs back to their homeland. For the purposes of writing this paper, we used primarily published and unpublished archival material of Serbian origin, the contemporary press, and relevant literature.
Reflections on some universal processes leading to changes in languages round the world
Authors: Kida Ireneusz
Published: January 2022

Zmiana jest naturalnym procesem doświadczanym praktycznie przez wszystko, co istnieje w fizycznym świecie. Zatem spostrzeżenie to dotyczy również wszystkich języków, które bez wyjątku nieustannie podlegają uniwersalnym procesom zmian, często prowadzących do różnego rodzaju nieregularności. Niektórymi z tych procesów są umlaut (przegłos), harmonia samogłoskowa, lenicja i gramatykalizacja. Jeśli chodzi o ten pierwszy, nazywany również mu-tacją samogłoskową, występuje on zwłaszcza w językach germańskich, takich jak: angielski, szwedzki i niemiecki. Odwrotnym procesem jest harmonia samogłoskowa, którą można znaleźć w języku fińskim, tureckim czy suahili. Jeśli chodzi o lenicję, nazywaną również osłabieniem, spotkać możemy ją chociażby w polskim, niemieckim i irlandzkim. Wydaje się, że takim najpopularniejszym procesem zmiany językowej jest gramatykalizacja, prowadząca do rozwoju gramatyki, bowiem dotyczy ona w zasadzie wszystkich języków naturalnych, w tym bałkańskich. W niniejszym artykule omówieniu podlegają wybrane aspekty następujących języ-ków: angielskiego, niemieckiego, szwedzkiego, łaciny, hiszpańskiego, francuskiego, arabskiego, polskiego, serbskiego, macedońskiego, rumuńskiego, greckiego, fińskiego i tok pisin.
The Effect of Whey on the Immune Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: YARDIMCI Remziye Eda , TURGAY Emre , YILMAZ Sevdan , SARVAN Can , KARATAŞ STEINUM Süheyla
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of whey on the immune system of cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). It was targeted to use whey, which is a by-product of the dairy industry, in the aquaculture industry as a promoter of fish immune system and as a source of fish feed protein. Rainbow trout individuals with an average weight of 70.28 ± 1.50 g were placed in 6 tanks with a stock density of 10 kg/m3. While fish meal (52%) was used as a protein source in the control group feeds, in the experimental group feeds whey powder (48%) was used. The fish were fed these pellet feeds that were isocaloric (21 kj / g) and isonitrogenous (41% protein) for 3 weeks. Blood samples were collected once a week and while hematocrit and hemoglobin values were determined using a fully automated hematology analyzer, standard hemocytometry methods were used in erythrocyte and leukocyte counts. In addition, free radical production and complement 3 concentrations were determined quantitatively. According to the one-way ANOVA analysis, the control group and the experimental group were statistically similar (p> 0,05). However, it was found that C3 complement concentration, which was measured equally at the beginning in the control and experimental groups, showed a statistically significant increase (p <0.05) in the experimental group compared to the control group in the second week. This is the first study in Turkey investigating the effect of using whey in fish feeds on the immune system of fish.
Study of the clinical complex efficacy of natural cytokines and antimicrobial peptides in the treatment of patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases
Authors: Grudyanov A.I. , Fomenko E.V. , Kalyuzhin O.V. , Berkutova I.S.
Published: January 2022

The aim of the work was to determine the anti-inflammatory effectiveness of the use of a complex of natural cytokines and antimicrobial peptides (Superlimf) in the treatment of patients with mild chronic generalized periodontitis.
Materials and methods: 60 patients were randomized into 2 equal groups. Patients of both groups were removed dental deposits using the Piezon-Master-400 ultrasound machine and the surfaces of the roots of the teeth were polished using periodontal bores (SRP — Scaling, Root Planning), taught the rules of oral hygiene with subsequent three-time control. Resorbable plates of the Superlimf preparation were additionally applied to the gum in the patients of the main group. To assess the intensity of inflammation in periodontal tissues, the clinical indices of Muhlemann and PMA were used.
Results: The dynamics of the clinical indices of Mulleman and PMA before treatment, 7 days later and 21 days after treatment showed a statistically significant more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect in patients in the main group who were treated with Superlimf in addition to SPR.
Conclusions: Local use of the drug Superlimf in combination with SRP increases the effect of anti-inflammatory treatment of patients with mild chronic generalized periodontitis.
The state of microcirculation with different perfusion intensity in the pulp and periodontal in young patients with functional disorders of the masticatory apparatus against the background of connective tissue dysplasia
Authors: Statovskaya E.E.
Published: January 2022

The state of microcirculation of the periodontal and dental pulp can be used to identify and assess early signs of inflammation and chronic pain in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome (TMJ).

The aim of the work was to evaluate typical microcirculation disorders (MCC) and mechanisms of perfusion regulation at different intensities in the pulp and periodontal of intact mandibular teeth in patients with TMJ dysfunction syndrome on the background of connective tissue dysplasia (DST).

Material and methods. The main characteristics of the MCC of periodontal and pulp of intact teeth were studied by laser Doppler flowmetry in patients with TMJ dysfunction syndrome, united in the main (with DST) and control (without DST) groups.

Results and discussion. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of MCC in the studied groups was carried out, taking into account different ranges of perfusion intensity values in the pulp and periodontal. Typical MCC disorders and the values of the ischemic index were determined at different perfusion intensity in the periodontal and in the pulp. Based on their analysis, differences in the mechanisms of regulation in patients from the control and main groups were revealed. Statistical verification of the reliability of the obtained results was carried out.

Conclusions. It is shown that the nature of the distribution of patients across three ranges of values of MCC indicators is significantly different in the studied groups. A different relationship between the nature of MCC and the intensity of perfusion was revealed. It is concluded that the distinctive functional features of MCC in periodontal and dental pulp in patients of the studied groups are determined by the presence of DST, differences in the control of perfusion modulations, high functional activity of sympathetic calving of the autonomic nervous system with pronounced depression of cellular and humoral links of immunity.
The full cycle of digitalization and automation in dental practice
Authors: Studenikin R.V. , Mamedov A.A.
Published: January 2022

According to the literature, was made overview of the current state of development of CAD/CAM technology: the optical and mechanical scanners used, software, methods of implementing production technology, milling devices, materials used, features of dental preparation.
The technology of full digitalization of dental restoration proposed by the authors is described in detail including all stages from computer-aided design to the production of dentures. The technique has been tested on 20 patients.
The conclusions note the competitive advantages of the technology used and its existing disadvantages.