bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incipient Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in a Patient with Metastatic Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Eshtiaghi Arshia , Micieli Jonathan A.
Published: June 2021

A 70-year-old woman with metastatic small-cell lung cancer was referred for isolated left optic disc edema that was incidentally discovered. She had normal visual function, and dilated fundus examination revealed a small, cupless optic nerve in the right eye and moderate optic disc edema in the left eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbits with contrast was normal, and MRI brain and magnetic resonance venography were normal without signs of raised intracranial pressure. Lumbar puncture showed a normal opening pressure and normal cerebrospinal fluid contents. A diagnosis of incipient non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) was made, and the optic disc edema resolved after 4 months. Incipient NAION is an uncommon cause of unilateral optic disc edema with preserved visual function and is a diagnosis of exclusion. In diagnosing incipient NAION, other causes of optic disc edema must first be ruled out. These alternative causes include papilledema, optic nerve sheath meningioma or other orbital masses, and vitreopapillary traction. Incipient NAION is thought to be caused by subclinical ischemia. This case indicates that incipient NAION may also occur in patients with metastatic cancer and is possibly related to their hypercoagulable state. Although there is no treatment once vision loss develops, the optimization of risk factors may prevent the progression of incipient NAION to classic NAION.
ПРИЧИНИ ДЕПРЕСИВНИХ ПОРУШЕНЬ У МІГРАНТІВ ТА РЕМІГРАНТІВ
Authors: Savitskiy O.
Published: June 2021

У статті розглядаються поняття депресивного порушення, причини виникнення депресивних  порушень у мігрантів та ремігрантів.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МІНЕРАЛЬНОЇ ВОДИ ПРИ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯХ ШЛУНКОВО-КИШКОВОГО ТРАКТУ
Authors: Buhrymenko O. V.
Published: June 2021

У статті проаналізовано значення і можливості застосування мінеральної води при захворюваннях шлунково-кишкового тракту
Retocai o céu de Anil: sintomas do desenvolvimentismo na MPB (1946-1968)
Authors: Carneiro André Luis da Silva Pereira
Published: June 2021

O texto presente soma-se à uma vasta bibliografia acerca do nacionalismo, sua relação com o imaginário popular e em última instância com a cultura brasileira. O recorte temporal data do período entre 1946 e 1968, compreendendo sua continuidade com o projeto desenvolvimentista em curso desde os anos de 1930 mas também levando em consideração as rupturas; especialmente após 1964. Os critérios de analise para a cultura de um país periférico são oferecidos por Frantz Fanon em sua obra ‘Os Condenados da Terra’ e como fonte dos diferentes imaginários nacionais serão elencadas algumas obras da MPB. Posteriormente o texto propõe algumas consequências e repercussões desse momento histórico trazendo até o momento presente críticas as atuais disputas de imaginário na cena musical.
Las Casas e a escravidão na América Espanhola
Authors: Carvalho Maria Alice Messias Conforti de
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a delicada relação do frei dominicano Bartolomé de Las Casas com a escravidão na América Espanhola, mostrando sua transição de um padre-encomendero para um porta-voz da luta pela emancipação indígena nas colônias espanholas e, ao mesmo tempo, a contraditória relação do frade tanto com a escravização destes povos nativos quanto dos povos africanos. Para isso, o texto será escrito no formato expositivo-argumentativo, provendo uma breve contextualização do momento histórico que leva ao surgimento de Las Casas e sua decisão de passar a defender a “causa indígena”. A parte argumentativa virá a partir do debate por trás da representação da figura de Las Casas,e, até o final do artigo, se mostrará a concepção do autor do presente artigo sobre esta questão, evidenciando que a idealização de uma figura histórica, sobretudo de um eclesiástico em plena América Colonial, acaba por desconsiderar muitos fatores não tão “heroicos”, mas mesmo assim não sem importância.
A Importância da Indumentária nas Pinturas de Castas: Um Estudo do Quadro "Castas" de Luis de Mena
Authors: Bareli Giovanna de Assis
Published: June 2021

As pinturas de castas são produto da Sociedade de Castas, uma política colonialque visava a hierarquização e estratificação da sociedade, baseada na diferenciaçãoracial. A indumentária presente nesses quadros são reflexos dos códigos vestuários,cunhados pelas leis coloniais, que auxiliavam na percepção da identidade e dosmecanismos de diferenciação entre os indivíduos. Nesse sentido, simbolizam umamanifestação identitária e refletem o imaginário social da Nova Espanha. O presenteartigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a importância das vestimentas para o estudo daspinturas de castas e do universo colonial, utilizando as perspectivas da História Culturalpara a compreensão das formas simbólicas e dos discursos presentes nas obras de arte.Tais perspectivas são base para a análise do quadro Castas (1750) de Luis de Mena.
Barry Lyndon: o Filme Histórico de Stanley Kubrick
Authors: Nascimento Rafael Rodrigues
Published: June 2021

O presente ensaio tem por objetivo apresentar as características que marcam o filme Barry Lyndon de Stanley Kubrick no quesito veracidade histórica e representação da sociedade de cortes à luz de obras historiográficas. Nesse sentido, o ensaio buscará cotejar cenas do filme comparando com obras que analisam o período retratado dentro do longa-metragem a fim de averiguar o caráter histórico fidedigno retratado na montagem de Kubrick.
Entre a redação e o set de filmagem: a circulação do pensamento feminista na ditadura civil-militar
Authors: Guerra Nayla Tavares
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo parte do recorte da ditadura civil militar para investigar a circulação do pensamento feminista em dois meios de comunicação: os curta-metragens feitos por diretoras brasileiras e dois jornais pertencentes à imprensa alternativa feminista: Nós Mulheres (1976 a 1978) e Mulherio (1981 a 1987). Essa análise é calcada na investigação de bibliografias ligadas aos estudos de gênero, ao cinema e à imprensa alternativa. Além disso, o olhar para os jornais revelou-se como bastante frutífero para a investigação das lacunas deixadas pela historiografia, como as relações entre os filmes e pautas do movimento feminista de segunda onda. Desse modo, trataremos, em primeiro lugar, das produções cinematográficas e jornalísticas estudadas e das questões implicadas em seu resgate. Em seguida, apresentamos a análise do curta Mulheres da Boca (Inês Castilho, Cida Aidar, 1981), produzido por uma equipe que também escrevia para os jornais.
“Questão Social”, Autoritarismo e Pensamento Político e Social Brasileiro
Authors: Antonio Junior Mario Miranda
Published: June 2021

O artigo que segue se trata de uma reflexão a partir da “questão social” sobre como autoritarismo e democracia coexistem no Brasil. Busca através de interlocutores do pensamento político e social brasileiro analisar o nosso processo sociohistórico, considerando nossa formação social e o modo de produção que estrutura e organiza a sociedade. Entendida como o campo em que o capitalismo reproduz-se e se reifica, portanto, o lócus da luta de classes, contrastando a miséria e a exploração à opulência e a produção em escala, a “questão social” surge como categoria e objeto da reflexão e intervenção conservadora da burguesia e das ciências sociais. Dado que a “questão social” é inerente ao capitalismo, cumpre analisar o desenvolvimento histórico da ordem burgo-capitalista nos parâmetros da nossa formação e modo de produção, posto que é nesse campo que autoritarismo e democracia se chocam, articulam-se e se renovam.
Percepção de Profissionais e Usuários de Unidades Básicas de Saúde sobre a Inserção do Nutricionista
Authors: Mota Juliana Ramos da , Oliveira Daniele dos Santos , Santos Adriana Correia dos , Chagas Bárbara Lúcia Fonseca , Voci Silvia Maria
Published: June 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a importância da inserção do nutricionista em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS), bem como as dificuldades de acesso aos seus serviços a partir da percepção de profissionais e usuários do serviço de saúde. Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, para o qual foram entrevistados profissionais e usuários de duas unidades básicas de saúde de Aracaju-SE utilizando-se um roteiro semiestruturado específico pré-testado e com gravação de áudio.  Para a análise das informações foi utilizada a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) proposta por Lefèvre e Lefèvre. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os profissionais e usuários têm conhecimento da importância do nutricionista nas UBS para melhoria da qualidade de vida da comunidade bem como para as trocas de informações e agregação de seu conhecimento aos demais profissionais da unidade, porém os mesmos relataram dificuldades para a ampliação e acesso a esse serviço, tais como: recursos humanos insuficientes, demora e burocracia no agendamento, e a falta de divulgação da presença do nutricionista nas unidades. Concluímos que, embora com sua importância reconhecida, a inserção do nutricionista na UBS esbarra em dificuldades relacionadas à burocracia, a falta de informação e aspectos relacionados à gestão.
All the research that’s fit to print: Open access and the news media
Authors: Schultz Teresa
Published: June 2021

The goal of the open access (OA) movement is to help everyone access scholarly research, not just those who can afford to. However, most studies looking at whether OA has met this goal have focused on whether other scholars are making use of OA research. Few have considered how the broader public, including the news media, uses OA research. I sought to answer whether the news media mentions OA articles more or less than paywalled articles by looking at articles published from 2010 through 2018 in journals across all four quartiles of the Journal Impact Factor using data obtained through Altmetric.com and Web of Science. Gold, green and hybrid OA articles all had a positive correlation with the number of news mentions received. News mentions for OA articles did see a dip in 2018, although they remained higher than those for paywalled articles.
How cumulative is technological knowledge?
Authors: Persoon Peter , Bekkers Rudi , Alkemade Floor
Published: June 2021

Technological cumulativeness is considered one of the main mechanisms for technological progress, yet its exact meaning and dynamics often remain unclear. To develop a better understanding of this mechanism, we approach a technology as a body of knowledge consisting of interlinked inventions. Technological cumulativeness can then be understood as the extent to which inventions build on other inventions within that same body of knowledge. The cumulativeness of a technology is therefore characterized by the structure of its knowledge base, which is different from, but closely related to, the size of its knowledge base. We analytically derive equations describing the relation between the cumulativeness and the size of the knowledge base. In addition, we empirically test our ideas for a number of selected technologies, using patent data. Our results suggest that cumulativeness increases proportionally with the size of the knowledge base, at a rate that varies considerably across technologies. Furthermore, this rate is inversely related to the rate of invention over time. This suggests that cumulativeness increases relatively slowly in rapidly growing technologies. In sum, the presented approach allows for an in-depth, systematic analysis of cumulativeness variations across technologies and the knowledge dynamics underlying technology development.
Report of a new genus Majialandrevus, with a new species M. dingguo from Western Yunnan, China (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Landrevinae)
Authors: LIU YI-JIAO , XU JING-YI , HE ZHU-QING
Published: June 2021

We reported a new genus Majialandrevus from Western Yunnan, China. The new genus differs from other genera in having the following combination of characters: short forewings, male genitalia with blunt distal parts of posterolateral epiphallic lobes, absence of medial lobes of epiphallus and ectoparamere being membranous. The type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).
Improved Hg2+ photocatalytic reduction over g-C3N4 nanosheets decorated with mesoporous Mn3O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Alhaddad Maha , Mahmoud M. H. H.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this investigation was to construct amended mesoporous Mn3O4/g-C3 N4 photocatalysts of various loadings of mesoporous Mn3O4 nanoparticles (1,2,3 and 4 wt%) for reinforced remediation of mercury ions (Hg2+)
under visible light illumination. It was performed via decorating g-C3N4 nanosheets with finite portions of the prepared mesoporous Mn3O4 NPs by employing hard and soft templates. The optimized 3 wt% Mn3O4/g-C3N4
heterojunction gained confined bandgap (2.24 eV) as well as great surface area (140 m2 g -1) that support the application of such heterojunction for efficacious removal of Hg2+ under visible light. Morphological examination elucidated that the dispersed Mn3O4
NPs over g-C3N4 nanosheets were of spherical shape with particle dimension of 10-15 nm. Hg2+ was removed significantly over the formed Mn3O4/g-C3N4 nanocomposites when related to the pure materials (Mn3O4
NPs and g-C3N4). It was confirmed that Mn3O4 content, incorporated to g-C3N4 nanosheets, largely influenced the efficiency corresponding to the Hg2+ photoreduction such that appropriating 3 wt% Mn3O4
was capable of accomplishing complete removal of Hg2+ whereas, pure g-C3N 4was able to accomplish the same process by the efficiency of 15% after illumination for 60 min. Similarly, fast rate of Hg2+ photoreduction was accessed when 3% Mn3O4/g-C3N4
nanocomposite (485 µmol g–1 h–1) was administered while the photoreduction reaction was very slow with smaller rate magnitudes when pure g-C3N 4(82 µmol g -1 h -1) or pure Mn3O4
NPs (120 µmol g -1 h -1) were adopted. The powerful Hg2+ removal over the established heterojunctions can basically be associated with the larger attained surface area as well as the declined bandgap. Besides, the great dispersion of the small-sized
Mn3O4 NPs and the mesoporous structure of the formed heterojunctions participated significantly in efficient Hg2+ removal. The improved characteristics of the prepared heterojunctions led to strong absorption of visible light and fast transference of reactant
species, leading to enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. Recyclability experiments demonstrated that neither the photocatalytic performance nor the structure of the mesoporous Mn3O4/g-C3N4 heterojunction was altered after being reused for Hg2+
removal from aqueous solutions.
In Vitro Assessment for Dose Preparation and Simulated Administration of Azithromycin Suspensions via Enteral Feeding Tubes
Authors: Santangelo Matthew , Wood Julia A. , Barnett Kimber L. , Wooding Fae Gwen G. , Bartlett Jeremy A.
Published: June 2021

Administration of medication via enteral feeding tubes (EFT) is common in cases where patients are unable to swallow the dosage form or a patient is intubated. The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019) epidemic created a need to rapidly evaluate potential treatment options to address the global pandemic including evaluation of azithromycin (AZM) as a mono or combination therapy. Due to the complicating medical conditions of COVID-19, in some cases patients may be unable to take medication orally and could require medication administration by alternate routes such as an EFT. The aim of this study was an in vitro assessment for the dose preparation and simulated administration of AZM suspensions, prepared from tablets and capsules, via nasogastric feeding tubes (NGT). AZM tablets and capsules were used to prepare aqueous suspensions from 250 to 2000 mg for administration via NGT. NGT between 8 and 12 French (Fr), from common materials of construction and typical lengths were evaluated. About 20 mL syringes were used with water as the diluent. The preparation and simulated NGT administration steps for AZM suspensions were evaluated in the laboratory studies and included assessment of in-use stability of the aqueous suspensions, chemical compatibility of prepared aqueous suspensions with the syringe and NGT, ease of delivery and accuracy of simulated administration. Analysis of the prepared sample solutions for assay/impurities was performed using chromatographic conditions based on the USP-NF monograph. Verification of dose preparation and simulated administration was performed for intact tablets, crushed tablets, and capsules. Aqueous suspensions prepared from intact tablets and capsules were exposed to dosing materials (enteral syringe and NGT) for a period of up to 4 hours at ambient conditions. Assessment of the ease of dose delivery and analyses of the resulting samples for assay, purity and total degradation products were performed. The laboratory studies verified a procedure to reliably prepare suspensions from AZM tablets and capsules, over a range of 250 to 2000 mg, that can be accurately administered through NGT in sizes of 8 to 12 Fr. No incompatibilities of the prepared aqueous AZM suspension with dosing materials were observed and acceptable stability was demonstrated for up to 4 hours.
Managing social policy in the emerging welfare regime of governance: What Indonesia can learn from South Korea’s experience
Authors: Yuda Tauchid Komara , Pratiyudha Pinurba Parama , Kafaa Kafa Abdallah
Published: June 2021

Although Indonesia and South Korea have parallel narratives concerning their political-economic order that influenced social welfare arrangements, they have had different welfare outcomes. The main purpose of this study is to survey the possibility for Indonesia to adopt key features from Korea that can be applied to catch up in terms of its welfare outcome improvements. We argue that the key to the success of Korean social welfare development is closely related to the adaptive and responsive capacity of existing political institutions in responding to global changes, leading to a collaborative model of governance in welfare service.
Looking for ‘Voice’ in Business and Citizen Groups: Who’s Being Heard?
Authors: Berkhout Joost , Hanegraaff Marcel , Maloney William A
Published: June 2021

Why do some associations provide members with an effective voice whereas others appear to have internal democracy in name only? We theoretically combine population ecology with Hirschman’s strategic response model. This leads us to hypothesize that in dense, competitive organizational environments, the effective alternatives available make it likely that dissatisfied members respond with exit rather than voice. However, in low-dense, monopoly-like situations dissatisfied members demand and receive effective voice options. We further hypothesize that the particular sets of incentives of firms and individuals as members moderates this effect. We assess our argument on the basis of the Comparative Interest Group elite survey among interest group leaders in five European countries and at the EU level. We control for the level of professionalization and use country dummies to identify country-level differences. We find strong empirical support for our theoretical argument. The contribution of this article is to theoretically connect macro-level population-level factors to micro-level intra-organizational processes and specifies the nature of the organizational link between interests in society and those represented in the interest group system.
Cozbi, Achan, and Jezebel: Executions in the Hebrew Bible and modern lynching
Authors: McEntire Mark
Published: June 2021

In The Cross and the Lynching Tree, James Cone revealed the failure of contemporary theology to address the phenomenon of lynching and the power of looking at the modern horror of lynching alongside the foundational event and central symbol of Christianity. Stories in the Hebrew Bible also resemble lynching. The stories of Cozbi and Zimri (Num 25), Achan and his family (Josh 7), and Jezebel (2 Kgs 9) help establish the assumption that executions, particularly of those identified as “other,” can resolve social crises. This understanding underlies the assumption that the death of Jesus solves a problem. Examining these stories alongside lynching can help dismantle the framework that continues to support the idea that violent death is a solution to human suffering.
Clival Mucocele: A Rare Yet not Forgotten Pathology
Authors: Stavrakas Marios , Khalil Hisham S. , Tsetsos Nikolaos , Muquit Samiul
Published: June 2021

Primary clival mucoceles are a rare clinical entity that usually represents an incidental finding on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scanning. There are only a few reports in the literature of patients who presented with vague symptoms such as headaches, facial paresthesia, and numbness. Clival mucoceles can also be secondary, by extension of a sphenoid mucocele to the clivus. We present a case of primary clival mucocele, aiming to highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach.
Beyond platform capitalism: critical perspectives on Facebook markets from Melanesia
Authors: Hobbis Geoffrey , Hobbis Stephanie Ketterer
Published: June 2021

This article argues for a need to move beyond studies of platform capitalism and inter-capitalist struggles to also account for inter-economic struggles, the platformization of longstanding primarily non-capitalist societies, the same kind of societies that have conceptually inspired discussions of platforms as hi-tech gift economies. Based on longitudinal ethnographic fieldwork on digital transformations among the horticulturalist Lau of Malaita, Solomon Islands, we analyse horticulturalist adoptions and adaptations of Facebook. Specifically, we consider how informal bush markets are being digitized through online Buy and Sell groups. We show how Solomon Islanders use Buy and Sell Facebook groups to continue moral economic practices that emphasize the accumulation of wealth not in a capitalist, but in a relational sense, where economic activity primarily serves the creation and affirmation of relationships. Our findings, thus, challenge universalizing claims about the nature of platforms as one that is necessarily about the commodification, in a capitalist sense, of all social relations. Simultaneously, they call for more research on experiences of platformization at the margins of global capitalism and the ways in which not-so-average users are making platforms their own.
Where Is Richard Kearney Coming From? Hospitality, Anatheism, and Ana-deconstruction
Authors: Caputo John D.
Published: June 2021

After reviewing the recent publications of Richard Kearney, appearing between 2017 and 2021, including an anthology of his essential writings over his career, and covering topics such as hospitality, God, religion, anatheism, theopoetics, hermeneutics, and touch, there follows a critical engagement with Kearney's work, one that sets out in particular how, despite the very considerable overlap in our work, as fellow travelers in continental philosophy of religion and hermeneutics, our positions differ on what we mean by God and by welcoming the tout autre.
Effectiveness of topical silicone gel and pressure garment therapy for burn scar prevention and management in children 12-months postburn: A parallel group randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wiseman Jodie , Simons Megan , Kimble Roy , Ware Robert S , McPhail Steven M , Tyack Zephanie
Published: June 2021

Objective:

The longer-term effectiveness of silicone and pressure burn scar interventions was evaluated at 12-months postburn.

Design:

Parallel group, randomised trial.

Setting:

Hospital outpatient clinics, research centre.

Participants:

Children referred for burn scar management following grafted or spontaneously healed acute burn injuries or scar reconstruction surgery.

Interventions:

Participants were randomised to: (1) topical silicone gel only, (2) pressure garment only, or (3) combined topical silicone gel and pressure garment.

Main measures:

Primary outcomes were scar thickness (blinded ultrasound measurement) and itch intensity (caregiver proxy-report, numeric rating scale).

Results:

Of 153 participants randomised who received the interventions (silicone n = 51, pressure garment n = 49, combined n = 53), 86 were followed-up at 12-months postburn ( n = 34, n = 28, n = 24). No differences were identified for the primary outcomes using intention-to-treat analysis. Scar thickness mean difference (95% confidence interval) = 0.00 cm (−0.04, 0.05); −0.03 cm (−0.07, 0.02); 0.03 cm (−0.02, 0.08) and scar itch = 0.09 (−0.88, 1.06); −0.21 (−1.21, 0.79); 0.30 (−0.73, 1.32) for silicone vs pressure; silicone vs combined and combined vs pressure respectively. No serious adverse effects occurred.

Conclusion:

Similar to short-term results, the combined intervention offered no statistically or clinically significant benefit for improving the primary outcomes compared to each intervention alone. No differences in the primary outcomes were identified between the silicone and pressure alone groups.
Investigating the effects of background noise and music on cognitive test performance in introverts and extraverts: A cross-cultural study
Authors: Lim Wilson , Furnham Adrian , McClelland Alastair
Published: June 2021

Previous research found that introverts performed worse than extraverts on cognitive tasks in the presence of noise or music in a Western sample but not in an Asian sample. This is a cross-cultural part replication of these studies using a Western (British; N = 45) and Asian (Singaporean; N = 45) sample. Participants engaged in three cognitive tests in the presence of pop songs, background noise, and in silence. It was predicted that for British participants, introverts would perform worse than extraverts on all three tasks in the presence of background sounds, and performance would be worse in the presence of background sounds than in silence, but not for the Singaporean participants. The results did not show any performance differences between the background sound conditions for any of the tests across the two samples, nor any performance differences between extraverts and introverts across the background sound conditions, with three exceptions: extraversion for the British was a significant predictor of performance on the Raven’s test in the silence condition, extraversion was a significant predictor of performance for both groups on the mental arithmetic task in the silence condition, and extraversion was a significant predictor of performance for Singaporeans on the mental arithmetic task in the music condition.
Biomechanical Effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD), the Major Constituents of Cannabis, in a Sprague Dawley Rat Achilles Tendon Surgical Repair Model: A Pilot Study
Authors: Stauch Christopher M. , Ammerman Brittany , Sepulveda Diana , Aynardi Michael C. , Garner Matthew R. , Lewis Gregory , Morgan Daniel , Dhawan Aman
Published: June 2021

Background:

The use of cannabis is common among athletes and the US population at large. Cannabinoids are currently being evaluated as alternatives to opioid medications for chronic pain management. However, the effects of recreational and/or medical use of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on musculoskeletal injury and healing remain largely unknown.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effects of CBD and THC on tendon-to-tendon healing in a rat Achilles tendon repair model. The hypothesis was that rats administered CBD would demonstrate decreased tensile load to failure of surgically repaired Achilles tendons compared with the THC and control groups.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 33 Sprague Dawley rats underwent Achilles tendon surgical transection and repair and were randomized to receive subcutaneous injection of THC, CBD, or vehicle once daily starting on the day of surgery and for 5 total days. After sacrifice, biomechanical tensile load-displacement testing was performed to determine Achilles tendon load to failure and stiffness. Data were analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance.

Results:

The THC group demonstrated the highest median load to failure, 18.7 N (95% CI, 15.3-19.2 N); the CBD group had the second highest at 16.9 N (95% CI, 15.1-19.8 N), and the control group had the lowest at 14.4 N (95% CI, 12.1-18.3 N). Stiffness was highest in the THC group at 4.1 N/mm (95% CI, 2.7-5.1 N/mm) compared with 3.6 N/mm (95% CI, 2.9-4.1 N/mm) for the CBD group and 3.6 N/mm (95% CI, 2.8-4.3 N/mm) for the control group. No statistically significant differences for strength and stiffness were observed between the groups.

Conclusion:

In this pilot study using an animal tendon-to-tendon repair model, neither THC nor CBD resulted in altered biomechanical characteristics compared to control.

Clinical Relevance:

Cannabinoids do not appear to adversely affect Achilles tendon healing.
The Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) for the WOMAC and Factors Related to Achievement of the MCID After Medial Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Kim Man Soo , Koh In Jun , Choi Keun Young , Sung Yong Gyu , Park Dong Chul , Lee Hyo Jin , In Yong
Published: June 2021

Background:

Many approaches have been used to determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, but the MCID for outcome measures after medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) for the treatment of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA) has not been reported.

Purpose:

To define the MCID for the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) after MOWHTO and to identify risk factors for not achieving the MCID.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Among patients with medial compartment knee OA who underwent MOWHTO, 174 patients who were followed for 2 years were included in the study. The MCID and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) for the WOMAC were determined using the anchor-based method with a 15-item questionnaire. Preoperative OA severity was measured by the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading system, and the acceptable range of the postoperative weightbearing line ratio was 50% to 70%. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether the MCID and SCB were achieved, and then factors related to failure to achieve the MCID and SCB were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:

The MCID for the WOMAC was 4.2 points for the pain subscale, 1.9 points for the stiffness subscale, 10.1 points for the function subscale, and 16.1 points for the total. Additionally, the SCB for the WOMAC was 6.4 for pain, 2.6 for stiffness, 16.4 for function, and 25.3 for the total. Overall, 116 (66.7%), 99 (56.9%), 127 (73.0%), and 128 (73.6%) patients achieved the MCID for the WOMAC pain, stiffness, function, and total, respectively, after MOWHTO. The odds of not achieving the MCID for the WOMAC total were 1.09 times greater (95% CI, 1.05-1.13; P < .001) in patients with a low preoperative WOMAC total score (cutoff values: 10.5 for pain, 3.5 for stiffness, 34.5 for function, and 51.0 for the total), 11.77 times greater (95% CI, 3.68-37.70; P < .001) in patients with K-L grade 4 OA compared with K-L grades 2 or 3 OA, and 8.39 times greater (95% CI, 2.98-23.63; P < .001) in patients with undercorrection or overcorrection. A low preoperative WOMAC score, K-L grade 4 OA, and undercorrection or overcorrection were also associated with not achieving the SCB for the WOMAC total (all P < .05).

Conclusion:

Patients treated with a MOWHTO require a 16.1-point improvement in the WOMAC total score to achieve a MCID from the procedure. Low preoperative WOMAC scores, severe OA, and undercorrection or overcorrection were related to failure to achieve the MCID.
Arguments against efficiency in science
Authors: Peterson David , Panofsky Aaron
Published: June 2021

A recent commentary critiqued the embrace of performance metrics at research universities. Drawing on our research studying the metascience movement, we suggest that the drive to maximize efficiency in science is increasingly extending beyond performance metrics, into labs themselves. Because institutional and public audiences are predisposed to viewing science in simple terms, it can be challenging for scientists to articulate counterarguments to policies that increase transparency and accountability in the name of efficiency. This short piece offers a sketch of an argument against treating efficiency as the lodestar for science.
“(I Think) My Mother Thinks I Am, Therefore I Am.” The Looking-glass Self in Maltreated Children and Adolescents
Authors: Silva Carla Sofia , Calheiros Maria Manuela
Published: June 2021

Children and adolescents with maltreatment experiences show worse representations of themselves, as compared to their nonmaltreated counterparts. According to the looking-glass self hypothesis (LGSH), individuals’ self-representations (SR) stem from interactions with significant others, reflecting associations between what significant others think of them (i.e., actual appraisals), individuals’ perceptions of significant others’ appraisals of them (i.e., reflected appraisals), and SR. However, little is known about the looking-glass self process in maltreated children and adolescents. This multi-informant study aimed to test the LGSH within the mother–child relationship with children and adolescents with maltreatment experiences. Specifically, including maltreatment experiences as co-predictors, this study analyzed the mediating role of mothers’ reflected appraisals (MRA) in associations between mothers’ actual appraisals (MAA) and children/adolescents’ SR. Participants were 203 children/adolescents (52.5% boys), 8–16 years old ( M = 12.6; SD = 2.49), assisted by children and youth protection committees (CYPC), their mother, and their CYPC case workers. Case workers reported on child/adolescent maltreatment, children/adolescents reported on SR and MRA, and mothers reported on MAA. A multiple mediation path analysis revealed significant mediation effects of MRA between MAA and child/adolescent SR in instrumental, social, emotional, intelligence, and opposition SR, thus supporting the LGSH in the context of child/adolescent maltreatment. Also, psychological neglect was associated to worse intelligence SR, mediated by intelligence reflected appraisals. Findings emphasize the importance of the role of MRA on maltreated children and adolescents’ SR construction process, and provide useful clues to incorporate in prevention and intervention strategies targeting maltreated children and adolescents.
Estimating the Influence of Incarceration on Subsequent Experience With Violence Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in the HPTN061 Study
Authors: Dyer Typhanye V. , Feelemyer Jonathan , Scheidell Joy D. , Turpin Rodman E. , Brewer Russell , Mazumdar Medha , Fortune Nicole , Severe MacRegga , Cleland Charles M. , Remch Molly , Mayer Kenneth , Khan Maria R.
Published: June 2021

Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) are disproportionately incarcerated in the United States. Incarceration is a barrier to health equity and may be a risk factor for experiences of interpersonal violence. However, the effect of incarceration on experienced violence among BMSM is understudied. We examined associations between recent incarceration on subsequent experiences of race- or sexuality-based violence, intimate partner violence, or community violence. We analyzed data from the HPTN 061 study. Analysis includes data on 1,169 BMSM recruited from 6 U.S. cities who were present at baseline as well as 6- and 12-month follow-up interview. We tested if self-reported incarceration between baseline and 6 months was associated with self-reported outcomes between 6 and 12 months using logistic regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting and multiple imputation methods. Experienced outcomes included violence due to race or sexuality, intimate partner violence and aggression, and community violence (i.e., gang violence, robbery, shooting). Approximately 14% reported incarceration between baseline and 6 months and 90% reported experiencing violence between 6 and 12 months. In adjusted analyses, incarceration was associated with subsequent race- or sexuality-based violence [a OR (adjusted odds ratio) range: 1.25-1.41, 95% CI (confidence interval) range: 1.00-1.74], experiences of physical abuse and aggression from intimate partners (a OR: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.50, 3.70) and community violence ( OR 1.82; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.72). Recent incarceration experience increased risk of exposure to future violence in this population. Mixed methods research examining mediating paths between and downstream effects of incarceration and violence on the wellbeing and health of BMSM is needed. We implore researchers to study violence and incarceration among BMSM. Practitione should implement strategies such as trauma-informed interventions, and policies strengthening the social and economic support needs of Black populations.
The Interaction Effects Between Father-Child Relationship Quality and Parent-perpetrated Maltreatment on Adolescent Behavior Problems
Authors: Yoon Susan , Yoon Dalhee , Latelle Anika , Kobulsky Julia M.
Published: June 2021

Despite ample evidence supporting the positive and important role fathers play in youth well-being, currently little is known about the potential buffering effects of positive father-child relationships on adolescent behavioral functioning, especially within the context of child maltreatment. Clarifying whether positive parent-child relationships are helpful in the presence of maltreatment perpetrated by the same or another parent is critical for designing and implementing successful family-based interventions for positive youth development. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the unique and combined effects of the perpetrator of child maltreatment (i.e., maltreatment perpetrated by fathers versus mothers alone) and father-child relationship quality on adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. A series of Ordinary Least Squares multiple regressions were conducted on a sample of 14-year-old high-risk youth ( N = 661) drawn from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. The results indicated that both father-perpetrated maltreatment and mother-alone maltreatment were associated with higher levels of internalizing and externalizing problems. Higher quality of father-child relationships was associated with lower levels of internalizing but was not significantly associated with externalizing problems. Higher quality father-child relationships had a buffering impact against adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems when adolescents were maltreated by mothers alone. The findings suggest that policy and practical efforts seeking to build resilience of youth should strive to nurture and leverage positive, non-maltreating father-child relationships. Such efforts may support the positive development of adolescents, even in the face of mother-perpetrated maltreatment.
County-Level Context and Sentence Lengths for Black, Latinx, and White Individuals Sentenced to Prison: A Multi-Level Assessment
Authors: Durante Katherine A.
Published: June 2021

This article examines the relationship between race, ethnicity, county-level contextual variables, and sentence lengths for Black, Latinx, and White individuals sentenced to prison. Hierarchical linear modeling is used to examine the focal concerns perspective, the racial/ethnic threat thesis, socioeconomic inequality across racial/ethnic groups, political climate, and individual-level factors and sentence lengths. Data come from the National Corrections Reporting Program and other sources to examine sentences for over 500,000 individuals admitted to U.S. prisons between 2015 and 2017, from 751 counties. Results indicate that Black and Latinx individuals receive longer sentences than their White counterparts, even after controlling for relevant variables. The racial/ethnic threat thesis is not supported. Black individuals are sentenced longer than their White counterparts in counties with larger shares of Republican voters. Findings indicate that race and ethnicity continue to be salient predictors of punishment, with Black and Latinx individuals facing harsher outcomes than their White counterparts.
Impact of Sex on COVID-19 Media Exposure, Anxiety, Perceived Risk, and Severity in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Curtis Ashley F. , Rodgers Mikayla , Miller Mary Beth , McCrae Christina S.
Published: June 2021

Objectives

To examine associations between COVID-19 media exposure and anxiety/perceived risk/severity and investigate their dependency on sex in middle-aged/older adults.

Methods

Adults aged 50+ years completed online surveys: Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, COVID-19 media exposure, COVID-19 media dependency for health information, and COVID-19 perceived risk and severity. Multiple regressions examined independent and interactive (with sex) associations between COVID-19 media exposure/dependency and COVID-19 anxiety/perceived risk and severity. Analyses controlled for age, education, race, total medical conditions, and COVID-19 status.

Results

Higher COVID-19 media exposure was associated with higher COVID-19 anxiety among men (not women) and higher perceived risk/severity in both sexes. Higher COVID-19 media dependency was associated with higher COVID-19 anxiety and perceived risk/severity in both sexes.

Conclusion

In middle-aged/older adults, the use/dependency of media for COVID-19 information may be linked to negative psychological health and increased COVID-19 perceived risk and severity. Men may be at increased risk of anxiety related to media exposure.
Conceptual aerodynamic design of an executive supersonic passenger aircraft – ESPA
Authors: Lawrence Jeremy P , Hutchinson Rhys J , Joiner Keith F
Published: June 2021

Despite 50 years of technological advancement since the inception of Concorde, research on supersonic passenger aircraft has only recently resulted in design and flight test of several small 12- to 55-passenger business jets with supersonic cruises between Mach 1.2 and 2.2. Analytical research designs of larger 300-passenger aircraft have been conducted only to speeds of Mach 2.0 and 2.2, mainly avoiding moving beyond turbojet propulsion. This research extends on an earlier multifactor regression sizing study to determine in greater design detail what the configuration of a 200-passenger Mach 3.0 aircraft could be using extant technology. This research article is the first part of two and covers the conceptual aircraft design evolution focussing on the aerodynamics, wing and fuselage. In contrast, the second article covers engine conceptual design and placement. Wing shape optimization is performed using fundamental CFD analysis to arrive at a configuration suitable for both subsonic and supersonic flight. Noise considerations and shock wave formation drive further design iterations based on the research literature. The viability of this research design informs a future multidisciplinary optimization like those recently published in the literature for smaller supersonic business jets.
Fostering climate change consensus: The role of intimacy in group discussions
Authors: van Swol Lyn M. , Bloomfield Emma Frances , Chang Chen-Ting , Willes Stephanie
Published: June 2021

This study examined if creating intimacy in a group discussion is more effective toward reaching consensus about climate change than a focus on information. Participants were randomly assigned to either a group that spent the first part of an online discussion engaging in self-disclosure and focusing on shared values (intimacy condition) or discussing information from an article about climate change (information condition). Afterward, all groups were given the same instructions to try to come to group consensus on their opinions about climate change. Participants in the intimacy condition had higher ratings of social cohesion, group attraction, task interdependence, and collective engagement and lower ratings of ostracism than the information condition. Intimacy groups were more likely to reach consensus, with ostracism and the emotional tone of discussion mediating this effect. Participants were more likely to change their opinion to reflect that climate change is real in the intimacy than information condition.
Platelet Mitochondria Transplantation Rescues Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuronal Cell Death Involving the FUNDC2/PIP3/Akt/FOXO3a Axis
Authors: Shi Chun , Guo Han , Liu Xintong
Published: June 2021

Mitochondrial transplantation emerges as a novel therapeutic solution for ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in various tissues. Platelets have recently been used in mitochondrial transplantation as readily-available donors of small-size platelet mitochondria (plt-mito). Interestingly, FUN14 Domain Containing 2 (FUNDC2), a protein highly-expressed in the outer membrane (OMM) of plt-mito, has been identified to maintain platelet survival under hypoxic condition. The current study determined whether and how FUNDC2 contributed to the therapeutic effect of plt-mito transplantation for hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) injury. The results showed that incorporation of human plt-mito into SH-SY5Y cells rescued HR-induced mitochondrial malfunction and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Mechanistically, plt-mito transplantation led to an increased expression of FUNDC2 in the recipient cells. This protein induced mitochondrial translocation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) via its N-term, resulting in the stimulation of the protein kinase B (Akt)/forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) pathway, which inhibited HR-induced mitochondrial accumulation of a mitochondrial target of FOXO3a, Bim, also known as a pro-apoptotic protein. Therefore, the FUNDC2/PIP3/Akt/FOXO3a axis may facilitate the incorporated plt-mito to restore mitochondrial function and cell viability of the recipient cells, and platelets may serve as readily-available sources of donor mitochondria that afford therapeutic benefits against IRI.
A call to arms: Hero–villain narratives in US security discourse
Authors: Homolar Alexandra
Published: June 2021

The rhetoric leaders use to speak to domestic audiences about security is not simply bluster. Political agents rely upon stories of enmity and threat to represent what is happening in the international arena, to whom and why, in order to push national and international security policy agendas. They do so for the simple reason that a good story is a powerful political device. This article examines historical ‘calls to arms’ in the United States, based on insights from archival research at US presidential libraries and the United States National Archives. Drawing on narrative theory and political psychology, the article develops a new analytic framework to explain the political currency and staying power of hero–villain security narratives, which divide the world into opposing spheres of ‘good’ and ‘evil’. Shifting the conceptual focus away from speakers and settings towards audience and affect, it argues that the resonance of hero–villain security narratives lies in the way their plot structure keeps the audience in suspense. Because they are consequential rhetorical tools that shape security policy practices, the stories political agents tell about security demand greater attention in the broader field of international security studies.