bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Progress in the Corrosion Mechanisms and Anticorrosion Technologies of Waste-to-Energy Plant Boilers
Authors: Qu Zuopeng , Tian Xinli
Published: November 2024

High-temperature corrosion within waste incineration boilers leads to the thinning of their four-tube heating surfaces and frequent tube ruptures, posing a formidable challenge to the development of the waste-to-energy sector. This predicament critically constrains the advancement of China’s waste management and environmental protection sectors. This study focuses on elucidating high-temperature corrosion mechanisms and exploring coating protection methodologies relevant to waste boilers. For corrosion mechanisms, the study comprehensively reviews various factors such as the characteristics of high-temperature chlorine-induced corrosion, gaseous- and molten-chloride-induced corrosion, and sulfidation and multiphase-coupled corrosion; the influence of wall temperature on corrosion; and temperature effects on corrosion. Regarding coating protection technologies, this study traces the historical progression of various coating techniques, providing an overview of methods such as supersonic flame spraying, Inconel 625 surfacing, laser cladding, induction melting, thermosetting-reaction nanoceramic coating, and aluminizing. Special emphasis is placed on the mechanisms and principles of the widely adopted surfacing and induction melting techniques. Overall, the study ventures into the prevailing challenges and envisions the future trajectories of high-temperature anticorrosion mechanisms and coating protection technologies for China’s waste boiler sector.
Finite Difference Methods Based on the Kirchhoff Transformation and Time Linearization for the Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Reaction–Diffusion Equations
Authors: Ramos Juan I.
Published: November 2024

Four formulations based on the Kirchhoff transformation and time linearization for the numerical study of one-dimensional reaction–diffusion equations, whose heat capacity, thermal inertia and reaction rate are only functions of the temperature, are presented. The formulations result in linear, two-point boundary-value problems for the temperature, energy or heat potential, and may be solved by either discretizing the second-order spatial derivative or piecewise analytical integration. In both cases, linear systems of algebraic equations are obtained. The formulation for the temperature is extended to two-dimensional, nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations where the resulting linear two-dimensional operator is factorized into a sequence of one-dimensional ones that may be solved by means of any of the four formulations developed for one-dimensional problems. The multidimensional formulation is applied to a two-dimensional, two-equation system of nonlinearly coupled advection–reaction–diffusion equations, and the effects of the velocity and the parameters that characterize the nonlinear heat capacities and thermal conductivity are studied. It is shown that clockwise-rotating velocity fields result in wave stretching for small vortex radii, and wave deceleration and thickening for counter-clockwise-rotating velocity fields. It is also shown that large-core, clockwise-rotating velocity fields may result in large transient periods, followed by time intervals of apparent little activity which, in turn, are followed by the propagation of long-period waves.
Dynamic Computation of an Innovative Device for Reducing Reaction Torque
Authors: Timofte Stelica , Korka Zoltan-Iosif , Gerocs Attila , Komjaty Andrei , Bulzan Florin
Published: November 2024

As is well known, the torque produced by a rotating motor generates an opposite and equal reaction torque in the machine casing that must be transmitted to the base. In many applications, especially when the reaction moment has high values, it is necessary to apply some constructive solutions, which in certain cases are difficult to implement. In this context, the need to reduce the reaction moment from drive motors is a challenging topic which has not been completely exhausted. In this paper, the authors present an original concept of a device which uses the centrifugal force generated by some equidistantly placed weights on a chain drive for reducing the reaction torque of the motor used for driving a rotating tool. The proposed system is capable of producing a supplementary torque which can be added to the driving moment. Due to this fact, by using this system, the power of the driving motor can be decreased, with the consequence of reducing the reaction moment that must be absorbed by the base.
Methodology for Automating and Orchestrating Performance Evaluation of Kubernetes Container Network Interfaces
Authors: Dakić Vedran , Redžepagić Jasmin , Bašić Matej , Žgrablić Luka
Published: November 2024

Maintaining a fast, low-latency network must be balanced in the demanding world of High-Performance Computing (HPC). Any compromise in network performance can severely affect distributed HPC applications, leading to bottlenecks that undermine the entire system’s efficiency. This paper highlights the critical need for precise and consistent evaluation of Kubernetes Container Network Interfaces (CNIs) to ensure that HPC workloads can operate at their full potential. Traditional manual methods for evaluating network bandwidth and latency are time-consuming and prone to errors, making them inadequate for the rigorous demands of HPC environments. To address this, we introduce a novel approach that leverages Ansible to automate and standardize the evaluation process across diverse CNIs, performance profiles, and configurations. By eliminating human error and ensuring replicability, this method significantly enhances the reliability of performance assessments. The Ansible playbooks we developed enable the efficient deployment, configuration, and execution of CNIs and evaluations, providing a robust framework for ensuring that Kubernetes-based infrastructures can meet the stringent performance requirements of HPC applications. This approach is vital for safeguarding the performance integrity of HPC workloads, ensuring that inadequate network configurations do not cripple them.
First Report of Middle Eocene Micromorphic Brachiopods from Northeastern Libya: Taxonomy and Paleobiogeography Implications
Authors: Abd El-Aziz Sayed M. , Abd El-Gaied Ibrahim M. , Al-Hashim Mansour H. , Bitner Maria Aleksandra , Salama Yasser F. , Heinz Petra , Sayed Mostafa M.
Published: November 2024

Two brachiopod species, Terebratulina tenuistriata (Leymerie, 1846) and Orthothyris pectinoides (von Koenen, 1984), have been recorded for the first time from the Middle Eocene (Late Lutetian) nummulitic limestone beds in the Darnah Formation at the Wadi Darnah area in Northeast Libya. These brachiopod species are associated here with Nummulites discorbinus (Schlotheim), Nummulites praelyelli (Boukhary and Kamal), and Nummulites bullatus (Schaub) and are widely distributed on this Middle Eocene Nummulites carbonate platform. The two recorded species are common in the Eocene rocks of Europe and the Arabian Gulf. In northern Africa, the brachiopod species Terebratulina tenuistriata (Leymerie) was only recorded from the Middle Eocene (Bartonian) of Egypt, while Orthothyris pectinoides (von Koenen) is firstly recorded from the Middle Eocene of the southern Tethyan Province (NE Libya) in the present work.
Plant-Parasitic and Free-Living Nematode Community Associated with Oak Tree of Magoebaskloof Mountains, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Shokoohi Ebrahim , Masoko Peter
Published: November 2024

A study was conducted in the mountains of Magoebaskloof, Limpopo Province, where oak trees grow along the banks of the Broederstroom River. This study revealed that 22 nematode genera were associated with oak trees (Quercus robur). The most frequently occurring nematodes were Aphelenchus sp. (100%) and Plectus sp. (100%), followed by Helicotylenchus sp. (90%). This study examined the relationship between nematodes and the physicochemical properties of the soil using Pearson correlation. It uncovered that the organic matter content (OMC) had a negative correlation with the number of Panagrolaimus sp. (r = −0.770) and Hemicycliophora sp. (r = −0.674). Conversely, the sand percentage positively correlated (r = 0.695) with the number of Hemicycliophora sp. The clay content of the soil showed a positive correlation (r = 0.617) with the number of Ditylenchus. Soil pH demonstrated a significant negative correlation with Acrobeloides sp. (r = −0.877). The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) explained 63.3% of the relationship between nematodes and soil physicochemical properties. The CCA results indicated that Ditylenchus exhibited a positive correlation with OMC, while the Panagrolaimus and Hemicycliophora species showed a negative correlation with OMC. The results indicated that none of the soil sample sites were under stress. The soil food web analysis revealed that most soil samples were nutrient-enriched with a low C/N ratio. In conclusion, this study revealed that oak trees harbor a high diversity of plant-parasitic and free-living nematodes. The results suggest that soil nematodes, particularly free-living bacterivores, such as Panagrolaimus, can indicate organic matter content in the soil.
Massive Fetomaternal Hemorrhage Caused by an Intraplacental Choriocarcinoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sorrentino Felice , Silvestris Teresa , Greco Francesca , Vasciaveo Lorenzo , Stabile Guglielmo , Falcone Veronica , Etrusco Andrea , D’Amato Antonio , Laganà Antonio Simone , Nappi Luigi
Published: November 2024

Intraplacental choriocarcinoma (IC) is a gestational trophoblastic neoplasia located within the placenta. Due to its silent presentation, more than half of the cases are diagnosed incidentally. An association with fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH), stillbirth, and intrauterine growth restriction has been found. The aim of this review is to describe the clinical management of this rare condition stemming from a case report of an incidental diagnosis following an emergency cesarean section, and taking into account the available literature. Emergency interventions and examination of the placenta, even for the smallest IC lesion can ensure timely treatment and improve maternal and fetal outcomes.
Changes in the Presentation and Severity of Acute Appendicitis: A Comparison of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Eras
Authors: Bu Bshait Mohammed , Kamal Ahmed , Almaqhawi Abdullah , Al Abdulqader Ahmad , Alarfaj Haytham , Albarqi Mohammed , Al Khashram Nawaf , AlMssallem Nora , Aljalal Fatimah , Aljaafari Sara , Alnaim Abtesam , Alzabdawi Sharifah , Odeh Ahmad
Published: November 2024

Background: The restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, along with people’s avoidance of hospital exposure, led to a reduction in medical consultations and delays in care seeking. Numerous reports have shown a decrease in the number of appendectomies performed and an increased incidence of complicated appendicitis during the pandemic. We aimed to investigate these findings during and after the cessation of COVID-19-related restrictions. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single centre, including consecutive adult patients who underwent appendectomy for acute appendicitis during three different periods: the pandemic cohort (7 March–30 June 2020), the post-pandemic cohort (7 March–30 June 2022) and the pre-pandemic control cohort (7 March–30 June 2019). A total of 103 patients were included and divided into the three cohorts. The patients’ demographics, clinical presentation, investigations, and operative data were compared. Results: The three groups did not differ significantly regarding demographics, clinical characteristics, or the number of appendectomies. However, a duration of symptoms at presentation of less than 2 days was significantly more frequent in the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic groups than the pandemic group (p = 0.001). The interval between admission and operation was significantly shorter in the post-pandemic group than in the pandemic group. The pandemic group also showed a higher incidence of complicated appendicitis compared to the others (p = 0.025). Conclusions: The termination of the COVID-19 pandemic and its related restrictions promoted the earlier presentation of acute appendicitis cases and lowered the incidence of complicated appendicitis. This emphasises the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute appendicitis.
Kikuchi–Fujimoto Disease: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Deb Arunima , Fernandez Vielka , Kilinc Ekim , Bahmad Hisham F. , Camps Nicholas S. , Sriganeshan Vathany , Medina Ana Maria
Published: November 2024

Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD), also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a rare, self-limiting disorder characterized by fever typically lasting for 1 week up to 1 month and painful necrotizing lymphadenopathy, primarily affecting young adults of Asian ancestry. Although the exact cause remains unclear, infectious and autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this case series, we aim to describe the histopathological features of KFD over a ten-year period at Mount Sinai Medical Center of Florida, and review the current understanding of its pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. A retrospective review of our pathology database between January 2013 and May 2024 was performed to identify patients diagnosed with KFD at our institution. Eight cases of KFD were identified, with a mean age of 35 years (range 24–49) and slight male predilection (5:3). Three patients exhibited leukopenia, and two had concurrent HIV infection. One patient developed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and another developed IgA nephropathy during follow-up. Histopathological examination revealed the characteristic features of KFD, including lymph node architectural effacement, histiocytic infiltration, and necrosis. In conclusion, KFD remains a diagnostic challenge due to its overlapping clinical features with other infectious and autoimmune diseases, particularly SLE. While most cases resolve spontaneously, long-term follow-up is warranted due to the potential for recurrence and autoimmune associations.
Joint Optimization Control Algorithm for Passive Multi-Sensors on Drones for Multi-Target Tracking
Authors: Guan Xin , Lu Yu , Ruan Lang
Published: November 2024

A distributed network of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with airborne passive bistatic radar (APBR) can form a passive detection network through cooperative networking technology, a novel passive early warning detection system. Its multi-target tracking performance has a significant impact on situational awareness of the detection area. This paper proposes a passive multi-sensors joint optimization control algorithm based on task adaptive switching, with the aim of addressing the impact of limited UAV sensors’ field of view (FOV) on multi-target tracking performance in APBR networks. Firstly, for a single UAV node, the Poisson Labeled Multi-Bernoulli (PLMB) filter is selected as the local filter of each node, with the objective of obtaining the local multi-target density independently. Subsequently, the consensus arithmetic average fusion rule is employed to address the multi-sensors density fusion problem in APBR networks. This enables the acquisition of the global multi-target density and multi-target tracks of the network. The task adaptive switching mechanism of the nodes is constructed further based on the partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP), and the objective functions for the UAV to perform the search task and the tracking task are derived based on differential entropy, respectively. Ultimately, a multi-node joint optimization control algorithm is devised. The simulation experiment demonstrates that the proposed algorithm is capable of effective control of multiple nodes to solve the multi-target search and tracking problem when the node FOV is limited. This further improves the multi-target tracking and fusion capability of the distributed APBR network.
Advances in Surveying Topographically Complex Ecosystems with UAVs: Manta Ray Foraging Algorithms
Authors: Yang Shijie , Yuan Jiateng , Chen Zhibo , Zhang Hanchao , Cui Xiaohui
Published: November 2024

This study introduces an innovative UAV cruise data collection path planning approach using the manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) algorithm to enhance efficiency and energy utilization in forest ecosystem monitoring. Traditionally reliant on costly manual patrols, this method leverages UAVs and ground-based sensors for data collection. The approach begins with a self-organized clustering algorithm for sensors, minimizing communication between UAVs and sensors. It then refines the UAV’s energy consumption equation by integrating propulsion energy needs, actual terrain data, and wind effects. Compared to other heuristic algorithms, the MRFO algorithm demonstrates superior performance in path planning, particularly for complex engineering optimization problems, displaying heightened adaptability and efficiency. Comparative experimental results on real terrain data and MATLAB r2018b simulation show that the error between the corrected energy calculation equation and the actual value is controlled within 5%, and the accuracy is improved by 10% over the original equation. Meanwhile, the ability of the MRFO algorithm to quickly construct approximate high-quality solutions with shortest path lengths in a limited number of iterations validates its potential in practical applications. The α-hop clustering algorithm used in this paper has a huge advantage in space and time complexity compared with existing clustering algorithms, and the accuracy of data extraction is relatively improved by 7.57% and 6.95%. Real forest digital elevation model (DEM) terrain data was introduced in this study, and the method improves the energy utilization of UAV data collection and also provides a comprehensive and detailed solution to the existing challenges faced in the field of forest data collection. Future research could consider combining the MRFO algorithm with other evolutionary classes of algorithms to take advantage of the algorithm’s fast convergence and high-precision properties to further enhance the application prospects in different scenarios.
Aerial Systems for Releasing Natural Enemy Insects of Purple Loosestrife Using Drones
Authors: Naharki Kushal , Hayes Christopher , Park Yong-Lak
Published: November 2024

Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) is an invasive species that displaces native wetland flora in the USA. The detection and manual release of biological control agents for L. salicaria is challenging because L. salicaria inhabits many inaccessible areas. This study was conducted to develop aerial systems for the detection of L. salicaria and the release of its natural enemy, Galerucella calmariensis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). We determined the optimal sensors and flight height for the aerial detection of L. salicaria and designed an aerial deployment method for G. calmariensis. Drone-based aerial surveys were conducted at various flight heights utilizing RGB, multispectral, and thermal sensors. We also developed an insect container (i.e., bug ball) for the aerial deployment of G. calmariensis. Our findings indicated that L. salicaria flowers were detectable with an RGB sensor at flight heights ≤ 15 m above the canopy. The post-release mortality and feeding efficiency of G. calmariensis did not significantly differ from the control group (non-aerial release), indicating the feasibility of the targeted release of G. calmariensis. This innovative study establishes a critical foundation for the future development of sophisticated aerial systems designed for the automated detection of invasive plants and the precise release of biological control agents, significantly advancing ecological management and conservation efforts.
Who Are the Freshmen at Highest Risk of Dropping Out of University? Psychological and Educational Implications
Authors: Buizza Chiara , Bornatici Sara , Ferrari Clarissa , Sbravati Giulio , Rainieri Giuseppe , Cela Herald , Ghilardi Alberto
Published: November 2024

It is estimated that one in three students drop out of university by the end of the first year of study. Dropping out of university has significant consequences, not only for the student but also for the university and for society as a whole. A total of 1.154 Italian freshmen were involved in this study and were divided based on their intention to dropout from university. The intention to dropout was assessed using five questions, and motivation was assessed through the Academic Motivation Scale. Differences in socio-demographic factors, extra-curriculum activities, academic characteristics, and academic motivation between freshmen with low and high dropout risks were assessed for highlighting potential intervention for limiting dropout rates. The majority of the freshmen were female, from low-income families, had attended high school, and lived out of town; the most represented field of study was health professions. The results indicate that the variables increasing the likelihood of belonging to the high dropout risk group are as follows: unsatisfactory relationships with lecturers/professors and fellow students, low income, amotivation, and extrinsic motivation. This study underlines the importance of adopting new teaching approaches that include spaces and time dedicated to fostering relationships, supporting academic success, and promoting the psychosocial well-being of students.
Three-Level Double LLC Resonant Converter with Ripple-Free Input Current for DC Microgrid Application
Authors: Kim Ki-Mok
Published: November 2024

DC distribution systems have garnered interest in recent years due to their advantages over AC distribution systems, such as their high power conversion efficiency and lack of harmonic issues. An isolated DC-DC converter with low-input noise, high efficiency, and high-power density is required for DC microgrids within DC distribution systems. Although existing DC to DC converters have high efficiency and high power density, they still have input noise problems due to pulsating input currents. Thus, a large input filter should be inserted, which increases the cost and degrades the power density. In this study, a novel three-level double LLC resonant converter with zero-input-current ripple is presented for DC microgrid application with a high-voltage DC bus. The input-current ripple of the proposed converter theoretically decreases to zero without adding large input filters. Moreover, the voltage stress on each main switch is only half of the input voltage when using the modified three-level structure, which enables the use of low-voltage-rated power switches for high-voltage input applications. In addition, all the primary switches and secondary diodes are softly switched over a wide input voltage range. The experimental results of the prototype are presented to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
Simplified Modelling Techniques for Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer
Authors: Jakubiak Krzysztof , Liang Jun , Cipcigan Liana , Li Chuanyue , Wu Jingzhe
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements in Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) have highlighted the need for further research, particularly in the area of modelling and simulation techniques. As the power transferred between charging pads depends on vehicle position, the load profile of the DWPT is therefore a function of the vehicle’s movement which is dependent on user behaviour and is inherently stochastic. For DWPT, these events involve high instantaneous power and are short in duration. To better understand the impact of DWPT, accurate models are required to test control systems and potential solutions. Additionally, these systems require high-frequency simulation for DWPT, which results in long simulation times during development. This paper presents a simplified model for circuit components that eliminates high-frequency switching elements, enabling the use of larger simulation time steps and significantly reducing simulation time. By applying circuit analysis and calculating equivalent impedances, the model provides average circuit values that effectively represent waveform amplitudes without the need to simulate instantaneous, high-frequency variations. To ensure the efficiency of grid-connected simulations and achieve a level of accuracy that reflects the internal dynamics of wireless charging, subsystem simulations demonstrated significant time improvements at the cost of minimal accuracy loss. For DC/DC converters operating at 2 kHz, simulation time was reduced by 3× with only a 1% error. The DWPT subsystem, operating at 85 kHz, achieved an 18× reduction in simulation time with a 2.5% deviation. When combined, the full system resulted in a 30-fold reduction in simulation time with only a 6% deviation from the base model.
Adaptive Transmission of Cognitive Radio- and Segmented zeRIS-Aided Symbiotic Radio
Authors: Zhao Wenjing , Li Nanxi , Gu Yi , Guo Jing , Zhu Jianchi , Wang Gongpu , Tellambura Chintha
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a cognitive radio (CR)-enabled symbiotic ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) system with the help of a zero-energy reconfigurable intelligent surface (zeRIS). An adaptive transmission (AT) strategy for the zeRIS is devised based on the amount of harvested energy. Specifically, when energy reserve is insufficient, the zeRIS merely reflects signals without any phase adjustments (PAs), whereas under sufficient energy conditions, it reflects signals following precise PAs. Moreover, a segmented zeRIS is adopted by taking primary transmission (PT) and backscatter transmission (BT) into account. Following this, the coexistence outage probability and ergodic capacity are derived to assess the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed model, respectively. Their asymptotic performance is analyzed to gain insightful observations. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the accuracy of the theoretical analysis, confirming that AT offers improved reliability, system rate, and energy efficiency over non-adaptive transmission. Furthermore, CR-aided AT demonstrates superior energy efficiency compared to non-CR-assisted AT. It is also crucial to note that the allocation of reflective elements between PT and BT must be reasonably managed to satisfy specific system requirements.
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Venom Allergen Protein BxVAP2 Responds to Terpene Stress, Triggers Plant Defense in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Feng Yuqian , Li Yongxia , Li Dongzhen , Liu Zhenkai , Wang Xuan , Zhang Wei , Wen Xiaojian , Zhang Xingyao
Published: November 2024

The pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), the pathogen of pine wilt disease (PWD), has caused enormous economic losses in Asian forests. Whether venom allergen proteins (VAPs) are involved in the accumulation of key defense substances in pine trees during the interaction between B. xylophilus and host trees, and their specific function as putative effectors secreted through stylets, has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the role of the BxVAP2 effector protein in the infection process was analyzed through bioinformatics and phylogenetic tree construction. The expression profile of BxVAP2 during infection was analyzed using qRT-PCR, and its expression under the stress of Pinus massoniana metabolites was examined. Toxicity assays were conducted through the Agrobacterium transient expression of BxVAP2 in Nicotiana benthamiana, and its subcellular localization was investigated. The results showed that BxVAP2 contains a CAP domain and shares close evolutionary relationships with venom allergen proteins from related species, such as Bursaphelenchus mucronatus, Aphelenchoides besseyi, Aphelenchoides fujianensis, and Meloidogyne graminicola. BxVAP2 was upregulated during the infection of P. massoniana, indicating that BxVAP2 is a key effector in the infection and colonization process of B. xylophilus and may play an important role during the rapid population growth phase. BxVAP2 responds to P. massoniana metabolites, where different concentrations of α-pinene suppressed its expression, while high concentrations of β-pinene promoted its expression. Subcellular localization revealed that BxVAP2 localizes to the cell membrane and nucleus. The transient expression of BxVAP2 in N. benthamiana induced programmed cell death and regulated pattern-triggered immunity marker genes. These findings suggest that BxVAP2 plays an important role in the interaction between B. xylophilus and its host, responding to terpene stress and triggering plant defense.
The Effects of Interventions with Glucosinolates and Their Metabolites in Cruciferous Vegetables on Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review
Authors: Zhao Jichun , Zhang Xiaoqin , Li Fuhua , Lei Xiaojuan , Ge Lihong , Li Honghai , Zhao Nan , Ming Jian
Published: November 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract which affects millions of individuals worldwide. Despite advancements in treatment options, there is increasing interest in exploring natural interventions with minimal side effects. Cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, cabbage, and radishes, contain bioactive compounds known as glucosinolates (GLSs), which have shown promising effects in alleviating IBD symptoms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the physiological functions and mechanisms of cruciferous GLSs and their metabolites in the context of IBD. Reviewed studies demonstrated that GLSs attenuated all aspects of IBD, including regulating the intestinal microbiota composition, exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, restoring intestinal barrier function, and regulating epigenetic mechanisms. In addition, a few interventions with GLS supplementation in clinical studies were also discussed. However, there are still several challenges and remaining knowledge gaps, including variations in animals’ experimental outcomes, the bioavailability of certain compounds, and few clinical trials to validate their effectiveness in human subjects. Addressing these issues will contribute to a better understanding of the therapeutic potential of cruciferous GLSs and their metabolites in the management of IBD.
The Commercial Application of Insect Protein in Food Products: A Product Audit Based on Online Resources
Authors: Cong Lei , Dean David , Liu Chunguang , Wang Ke , Hou Yakun
Published: November 2024

Insect protein has received considerable attention as an alternative to conventional animal proteins with its high nutritional contents and eco-friendly credentials. Exploring commercially available insect-protein-enhanced foods, this study aims to profile and compare such products in the ultra-processed category with products protein-enhanced with dairy (e.g., milk and whey) and plants (e.g., pea and rice). A global product audit was conducted drawing from English-language online retail portals to determine the product formats and statistically compare their nutritional contents with products fortified with non-insect proteins. The results show that four categories—flour/powder, pasta/noodle, starch-based snacks (e.g., chips, crackers, and cookies), and energy bars—are involved with food enhanced with insect protein. Flour/powder and pasta/noodles with insects demonstrated comparable protein contents to non-insect equivalents, highlighting insects’ potential as effective protein sources. However, insect protein’s performances in snacks and energy bars were less favourable, with significantly lower protein contents compared to products enhanced with non-insect sources. This may be attributed to the high fat content of insects, which may also contribute to undesirable flavours in complex foods, limiting their usage. The study highlights the need for industry innovation and scientific collaboration to overcome the challenges to widely applying insects as food ingredients, offering benefits for both the industry and consumers.
Decellularized Macroalgae as Complex Hydrophilic Structures for Skin Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery
Authors: Luca Andreea , Cojocaru Florina-Daniela , Pascal Maria Stella , Vlad Teodora , Nacu Isabella , Peptu Catalina Anisoara , Butnaru Maria , Verestiuc Liliana
Published: November 2024

Due to their indisputable biocompatibility and abundant source, biopolymers are widely used to prepare hydrogels for skin tissue engineering. Among them, cellulose is a great option for this challenging application due to its increased water retention capacity, mechanical strength, versatility and unlimited availability. Since algae are an unexploited source of cellulose, the novelty of this study is the decellularization of two different species, freshly collected from the Black Sea coast, using two different chemical surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulphate and Triton X-100), and characterisation of the resulted complex biopolymeric 3D matrices. The algae nature and decellularization agent significantly influenced the matrices porosity, while the values obtained for the hydration degree included them in hydrogel class. Moreover, their capacity to retain and then controllably release an anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen, led us to recommend the obtained structures as drug delivery systems. The decellularized macroalgae hydrogels are bioadhesive and cytocompatible in direct contact with human keratinocytes and represent a great support for cells. Finally, it was noticed that human keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line) adhered and populated the structures during a monitoring period of 14 days.
Unraveling Information from Seismic Signals Generated by Gravitational Mass Movements
Authors: Suriñach Emma , Flores-Márquez Elsa Leticia
Published: November 2024

A practical analysis of the spectrograms of the seismic data generated by gravitational mass movements (GMMs), such as snow avalanches, landslides, lahars, and debris flows recorded on one sensor, is presented. The seismic signal produced by these movements is analyzed in terms of the shape of the initial section of the spectrogram, which corresponds to the start of the movement of the gravitational mass. The shape of the envelope of the spectrogram is a consequence of the progressive reception of high-frequency energy in the signal as the gravitational mass (GM) approaches the sensor because of the attenuation properties of the seismic waves in the ground. An exponential law was used to fit this envelope of the onset signal. The proposed methodology allows us to obtain the propagation characteristics of different types of GMM. The analysis of the adjusted parameters for different types of GMM allows us to assert that differences of one order of magnitude exist in the values of these parameters depending on the type of event. In addition, differences in the values of the exponent were obtained between the events of each type of the analyzed GMM. We present a template of different curves for each type of GMM with the corresponding parameter values that can help professionals characterize a GMM with only one seismic record (one seismic sensor) whenever the mass movement approaches the recording sensor or passes over it.
Gadamer, Descartes, and the Problem of Method
Authors: Dalissier Michel
Published: November 2024

In this paper, I demonstrate that, beyond the notion of prejudice, it is the whole Cartesian framework that Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics seems to reject in Truth and Method. I buttress this argument by addressing a gamut of central concepts, namely doubt, evidence, history, life, subjectivity, language, and, most importantly, method itself. In the course of the discussion, I emphasize many fine details of Gadamer’s approach to Cartesianism. I further ask whether Gadamer really succeeds in disentangling himself from a methodical demand that is fundamental for Descartes but that he also underscores in the works of other philosophers, such as Hegel and Heidegger. I suggest that Cartesianism thus appears enlightening to point out the complexities of Gadamer’s hermeneutics.
Correction: Casamassimo, P.S. Emerging Evidence Supports Broader Definition of Chairside Behavior Guidance and Familial Compliance. Healthcare 2024, 12, 1935
Authors: Casamassimo Paul S.
Published: November 2024

In the original publication [...]
Unusual Signal of Lymphadenopathy in Children with Nodular Sclerosing Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Venkatakrishna Shyam Sunder B. , Rigsby Devyn C. , Amiruddin Raisa , Elsingergy Mohamed M. , Nel Jean Henri , Serai Suraj D. , Otero Hansel J. , Andronikou Savvas
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The current guidelines for initial cross-sectional imaging in pediatric lymphomas involve computed tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. However, whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be favored over CT for diagnosing and staging the disease, given its lack of ionizing radiation and its higher tissue contrast. Imaging characteristics of lymphoid tissue on MRI include a high T2/short tau inversion recovery (STIR) signal. A low or intermediate signal of lymphadenopathy on T2 and STIR images is an unexpected finding, noted anecdotally in nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma. This signal may be characteristic of a histological subtype of the disease and, if confirmed, could potentially be used to avoid biopsy. In this study, we aimed to review signal characteristics of lymphadenopathy in patients with biopsy-confirmed nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma. Methods: We undertook a retrospective review of relevant MR studies of patients with nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma. Studies were reviewed by an experienced pediatric radiologist regarding lymph node signal, especially on T2/STIR. Results: Eleven children with nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma were included. Median age at the time of MRI was 14.3 (IQR: 13.9–16.1) years, and nine were boys. Five patients showed some lymphadenopathy with a low T2/STIR signal, and six showed an intermediate T2/STIR signal. Central gadolinium non-enhancement was observed in four patients. Conclusions: All eleven patients (100%) with a diagnosis of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma showed some lymphadenopathy with a low or intermediate T2/STIR signal, and five children (45.5%) showed a frank low signal of some lymphadenopathy, a feature which may prove to be a biomarker for this histology.
Exploring the Challenges and Solutions in Conducting Clinical Trials in Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study Perspective
Authors: Alsaywid Basim , Khafagi Dana , Bashaikh Alaa , Alsada Abdulaziz , Bawazir Reema , Alotaibi Rasal , Alharbi Lina , Alqarni Rama , Alhuthayfi Rana , Alhumud Hana , AlGhamdi Shadell , Khan Mohamed Anwar , Alshali Wadha , Al Mutairi Eman , Lytras Miltiadis D.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Clinical trials are crucial for advancing medical knowledge and improving healthcare outcomes. Despite an increase in research publications in Saudi Arabia, clinical trial productivity has lagged behind. Understanding the barriers to conducting clinical trials in Saudi Arabia is essential. This study aims to explore the challenges and propose solutions for improving clinical trial capacity in the Kingdom. Specifically, we aim to develop national strategies to enhance clinical trial infrastructure, identify educational needs, and suggest ways to strengthen research education and training in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study utilized a qualitative research design with a grounded theory approach. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling, including clinical trial professionals from Riyadh, Jeddah, and Al Khobar, who participated in three half-day workshops. Discussions focused on required skillsets, barriers to conducting trials, improvement recommendations, gaps in research education, and strategies for the Saudi National Institute of Health (SNIH) to support clinical trials. Data were collected through pre-workshop surveys and focus group discussions, and thematic analysis was employed to identify common themes. Results: A total of 35 participants, mainly from the government sector (67%), attended the workshops. Physicians represented the largest professional group (31%), with the majority being Saudi nationals (83%) and engaged in clinical practice (65%). The study identified key challenges, including limited resources (82%), inadequate infrastructure (82%), time constraints (80%), and insufficient funding (80%). While satisfaction with educational programs was mixed, a need for improved infrastructure and support for clinical trials in Saudi Arabia was evident. The focus group discussions further highlighted the importance of research competency, identifying 11 essential domains such as research methodology, data management, and project leadership. Nine major challenges were noted, including funding, infrastructure, and collaboration deficits. A total of 38 recommendations were proposed to address these challenges and enhance the national clinical trial ecosystem. Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of addressing the challenges in conducting clinical trials in Saudi Arabia through targeted educational programs, training initiatives, and enhanced support from the SNIH. By implementing strategies that focus on funding, resources, training, and collaboration, Saudi Arabia can significantly advance its clinical trial landscape, improve research quality and efficiency, and position itself as a leader in global health research.
Mining and Visualization of Tourism Cultural Image Based on the Information Transmission Model of Tourism Cultural Map—Taking Nanjing Xuanwu Lake Tourist Attraction as an Example
Authors: Yang Haoyu , Shen Jie , Hong Shuai , Zhu Fengzhen
Published: November 2024

Tourism cultural image is vital for conveying the cultural essence of a destination, enhancing tourists’ cultural understanding and engagement. However, traditional tourism cultural maps often face challenges in clearly defining cultural themes and effectively communicating cultural and emotional information to users. To address these issues, we propose an improved information transmission model for a tourism cultural map to optimize the communication pathway between cartographers and map users. Based on this model, we introduce a method for mining and visualizing tourism cultural image using tourist attractions as the focal points. Then, based on the visualization results, we discuss the selection of map expression objects and the framework of map visualization design. Finally, we give an implementation process of a tourism cultural map of tourist attractions based on mining and visualization of tourism cultural image. To verify the method’s feasibility, we developed a mobile interactive tourism cultural map application using Xuanwu Lake in Nanjing, China, as an example. The results demonstrate the method’s effectiveness in tourism cultural image mining and visualization, provide solutions to the problems of traditional tourism cultural maps, and help tourists’ understanding of the culture of tourist attractions.
Blockchain Technology in K-12 Computer Science Education?!
Authors: Gehrlein Rupert , Dengel Andreas
Published: November 2024

The blockchain technology and its applications, such as cryptocurrencies or non-fungible tokens, represent significant advancements in computer science. Alongside its transformative potential, human interaction with blockchain has led to notable negative implications, including cybersecurity vulnerabilities, high energy consumption in mining activities, environmental impacts, and the prevalence of economic fraud and high-risk financial products. Considering the expanding range of blockchain applications, there is interest in exploring its integration into K-12 education. For this purpose, this paper examines existing and documented attempts through a systematic literature review. Although the findings are quantitatively limited, they reveal initial concepts and ideas.
Basic Study on the Proposal of New Measures to Improve the Ductility of RC Bridge Pier and Their Effectiveness
Authors: Tamai Hiroki , Wang Wenming , Sonoda Yoshimi , Koshiishi Masami
Published: November 2024

To enhance the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) elements, it is essential to consider both strength and ductility post-yielding. This study proposed a novel method to improve the ductility of RC piers by using preformed inward-bending longitudinal reinforcements at the plastic hinges. Two full-scale model tests of standard and ductility-enhanced (DE) RC piers and numerical simulations were conducted. The lateral reversed cyclic loading experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of this new approach. The performance was evaluated regarding failure mode, plastic hinge distribution, hysteretic properties, normalized stiffness degradation, normalized energy dissipation capacity, bearing capacity, and ductility. Non-linear finite element method (FEM) analyses were also carried out to investigate the usefulness of the proposed method by DIANA, and simulation was validated against the experiment results by hysteretic curves, skeleton curves, failure mode crack pattern, ductility coefficient, and bearing capacity. The results indicated that the proposed method enhanced bearing capacity, resistance to stiffness degradation, energy dissipation capacity, and ductility. Additionally, it was observed that the preformed positions and curvature of the main steel bars influenced the plastic hinge location and the buckling of longitudinal reinforcements. FEM analysis revealed that it might be reasonable to deduce the other factors that influenced the ductility of the specimens by using the same material parameters and models.
Perinatal Inflammation Results in Sex-Dependent Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Pavlek Leeann R. , Heyob Kathryn M. , Jacob Nitya R. , Korada Saichidroopi , Khuhro Zahra , Khan Aiman Q. , Shaffer Terri A. , Conroy Sara , Velten Markus , Rogers Lynette K.
Published: November 2024

Background: An increased incidence of adult-onset heart failure is seen in individuals born preterm or affected by fetal growth restriction. An adverse maternal environment is associated with both preterm birth and poor fetal development, and postnatal oxygen therapy is frequently required to sustain oxygenation of vulnerable tissues due to lung immaturity. Methods: Studies using our murine model of maternal inflammation (LPS) and neonatal hyperoxia exposure (O2) observed pathological changes in cardiac structural proteins and functional analysis with sex dependent differences in pathologies at 10 months of age. Using our previous model, the current investigations tested the hypothesis that early-life perturbations in cardiac structural proteins might predict adult cardiac dysfunction in a sex dependent manner. Results: LPS-exposed females had lower αMHC mRNA and protein at P0 and P7 relative to the saline-exposed females, but these changes did not persist. Male mice exposed to LPS/O2 had normal expression of αMHC mRNA and protein compared to saline/room air controls though P56, when they dramatically increased. Correlative changes were observed in left ventricular function with a more severe phenotype in the males indicating sex-based differences in cardiac adaptation. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that early changes in contractile proteins temporally correlate with deficits in cardiac contractility, with a more severe phenotype in males. Our data suggest that similar findings in humans may predict risk for disease in growth-restricted infants.