bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reactivating Sleeping Intramedullary Nail in a 16-Year-Old Female with Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia: A Case Report on Complications and Potential Solutions
Authors: Todisco Marco , Viotto Marianna , Campanacci Laura , Di Gennaro Giovanni Luigi , Depaoli Alessandro , Rocca Gino , Trisolino Giovanni
Published: November 2024

Background: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare condition in which normal spongy and cortical bone is replaced by non-neoplastic fibrous tissue, leading to weakened bone matrix and increased risk of pathological fractures and deformities. Treating these deformities poses a significant challenge for surgeons. While various cases of surgical stabilization and limb lengthening using intramedullary nails have been reported, there is limited evidence on the use of Motorized Intramedullary Limb-Lengthening Nails (MILLNs) in FD patients. This case report presents the clinical history of a patient with FD who underwent multiple surgical interventions to address severe lower limb length discrepancy (LLD) and angular deformity caused by multiple fractures. Case presentation: A sixteen-year-old Caucasian girl with polyostotic FD developed a severe post-traumatic LLD of 10 cm on the right side, associated with coxa vara, valgus knee, and patellar instability. The deformity of the proximal femur was addressed with a valgus and derotational femoral osteotomy. However, this procedure exacerbated the knee’s valgus deformity and only partially corrected the LLD, leading to the decision to proceed with femoral lengthening. A retrograde magnetic intramedullary nail (PRECICE, NuVasive) was utilized for this purpose. Approximately three months postoperatively, radiographs revealed the loosening of the proximal anchoring screw, while the nail had reached maximum distraction. We then proposed reactivating the previously implanted nail. Nine months after the final surgery, standing long-leg radiographs showed a residual shortening of 1 cm, with excellent healing at the fracture sites and the nail and screws remaining securely in place. The patient was monitored regularly, with the latest follow-up occurring four years and five months after the conclusion of the last lengthening procedure. Conclusions: This case report describes the reactivation of a MILLN in a patient with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. While nail reactivation has been previously described in the literature, to our knowledge, it has not been reported for treating complications arising from FD. In cases of mechanical complications, this approach can equalize leg length discrepancies and correct deformities, avoiding additional invasive surgeries and reducing healthcare costs. As this is an off-label treatment, preoperative consent from both the patient and the parents is required.
Facile Preparation of Ultrafine Porous Copper Powders for Accelerating the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Li Dayong , Shao Yuling , Chang Shengquan , Huang Yanggang , Kou Yong , Xiao Lei , Hao Gazi
Published: November 2024

In this study, we innovatively proposed a facile method to synthesize ultrafine porous copper (Cu) powders under mild conditions by utilizing the reduction properties of reduced iron (Fe) powders. The results showed that Cu2+ was easily reduced to Cu at 1.05–1.1 times the theoretical iron powder content for a reaction time of 10~20 min at 20~25 °C. The obtained Cu powders with an average diameter of 10.2 μm did not show significant differences in crystal structure and purity compared to the commercial Cu powders with an average diameter of 6.6 μm, but the prepared Cu powders showed a loose and porous structure, which demonstrates their higher potential in catalyzing energetic materials. The ultrafine porous Cu powder resulted in a significant decrease in the high decomposition temperature of ammonium perchlorate (AP) from 441.3 °C to 364.2 °C at only 1% of the dosage, and also slightly advanced its low decomposition temperature, which confirmed its remarkable catalytic activity in the field of energetic materials. These meaningful results will provide a new method for the preparation of Cu powders and promote the development of the chemical reduction method for the preparation of ultrafine porous Cu powders, which is expected to promote the application of ultrafine porous Cu powders in the field of energetic materials catalysis.
Gas-Sensing Properties of Co9S8 Films Toward Formaldehyde, Ethanol, and Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Kim Myeong Gyu , Choi Yun-Hyuk
Published: November 2024

The chemiresistive gas-sensing properties of pristine Co9S8 film are little known despite its potential as a promising gas sensor material due to its intrinsic characteristics. In this study, a pristine polycrystalline Co9S8 film (approximately 440 nm in thickness) is fabricated by depositing a Co3O4 film followed by sulfidation to investigate its gas-sensing properties. The prepared Co9S8 film sensor is found to exhibit high responsiveness towards formaldehyde (HCHO), ethanol (C2H5OH), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) at operating temperatures of 300 °C and 400 °C, with strong concentration dependence. On the other hand, the sensor shows very low or no responsiveness towards hydrogen (H2), acetone (CH3COCH3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). These results enhance our understanding of the intrinsic gas-sensing properties of Co9S8, aiding in the design and fabrication of high-performance chemiresistive gas sensors based on Co9S8.
A Modification of the Ostergren Model for Thermomechanical Fatigue Life Prediction of Die-Casting Die Steel
Authors: Zuo Pengpeng , He Xijuan , Ji Jie , Wu Xiaochun
Published: November 2024

The Ostergren model is simple in form and widely used in engineering practice, also serving as the modeling basis of both the damage differentiation and crack propagation models. However, the shortcomings of the Ostergren model are that the modeling process is affected by thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) test parameters. To establish a TMF life normalized model, a modified Ostergren model based on hysteresis energy damage and TMF data for H13 steel was proposed. The model was successfully applied to TMF life prediction for 4Cr5Mo2V steel. The band of predicted life and test life is basically within the factor of 1.5. In summary, the modified Ostergren model is suitable for the TMF life prediction of Cr-Mo-V-type die-casting die steel.
Temperature Gradient Characteristics of Rubber-Modified Asphalt Pavement Under Dramatic Cooling–Heating Cycles
Authors: Huang Meiyan , Wei Jianguo , Li Ping , Zhou Yuming , Li Yiliang , Peng Wenju , Xiao Xuan
Published: November 2024

The periodic changes in climatic factors cause the pavement temperature field to change significantly, resulting in fatigue damage to the pavement caused by temperature stress, and the influence depth has a critical value. To reveal the influence range and variation pattern of the rubber-modified pavement temperature field under frequent rainfall and high temperatures, based on indoor tests and the finite element model, the evolution law of different influencing factors and pavement temperature fields was determined by a single factor sensitivity analysis method. The degree of influence of each influencing factor on the pavement temperature field was analyzed using the Pearson correlation. The results showed that with different asphalt mixture initial temperatures, the road surface temperature decreased from 20 °C to 40 °C under sudden rainfall. Repeated rainfall following high temperatures induces cyclic temperature changes 30 mm below the road surface. The pavement temperature difference increased linearly with the dramatic temperature difference, and the changes in the pavement temperature field were small when the number of cycles exceeded 30. The number of cycles and cycle temperature difference were the main factors affecting the changes in the pavement temperature field under dramatic cooling–heating cycles.
The Influence of the Steam Sterilization Process on Selected Properties of Polymer Samples Produced in MEX and JMT Processes
Authors: Zaborniak Małgorzata , Kluczyński Janusz , Stańko Jakub , Ślęzak Tomasz
Published: November 2024

Polymeric materials are widely used in medical engineering, and with the dynamic development of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, increasing attention is being paid to research on the mechanical strength of composite polymer structures. At the same time, the impact of sterilization on, for example, surgical templates and the influence of the sterilization process on the geometry of these parts have not been sufficiently studied. In this work, the effect of steam sterilization on samples made of polymer materials for medical applications was presented. This research was carried out on samples with normative geometry made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) polymers produced using the Material Extrusion (MEX) AM process and acrylic formulation (MED610) produced by Jetting Modeling Technology (JMT). These materials provide biocompatibility, which makes them suitable for potential medical applications. Steam sterilization was performed in an autoclave at temperatures of 121 °C and 134 °C. The three-point bending strength properties were determined according to ISO 178 standards. An INSTRON 5967 strength testing machine was used for those tests. Surface roughness analysis (according to ISO 21920) was performed and presented in 2D and 3D surface views using the Mountains Map Software (version 6.0).
The Influence of Craniometric Variation on the Position of Mandibular Foramen: A Cadaveric Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Darawsheh Hadi , Alsaegh Ali , Nikolenko Vladimir , Bakieva Saida , Smilyk Irina , Panin Andrew , Kheygetyan Artur , Troitskiy Vasiliy , Leonov Dmitry , Vasil’ev Yuriy
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: the mandibular foramen is an essential anatomic landmark in performing various dental and surgical procedures, including inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). However, its position may vary based on the individual morpho-functional features of the skull and face. This study aims to conduct a personalized assessment of the location of the mandibular foramen in various shapes of skulls, faces, and mandibles. Materials and Methods: this anatomic morphometric cross-sectional study was performed using one hundred and six (n = 106) certified human cadaver heads of both sexes. The cranial index (CI) and Izard’s facial index (FI) were calculated, the linear anatomic parameters of the skull and mandible were measured, the location of the mandibular foramen was identified, and the shapes of the skulls and mandibles were determined. Quantitative statistical data were obtained based on the location of the mandibular foramen, considering different shapes of skulls and faces. Results: there is a significant correlation between the location of the mandibular foramen, the high lengthy index (HLI) of the mandible, and the longitudinal latitude index (LLI) of the mandibular process. Conclusions: personalized assessment of the mandibular foramen based on a comprehensive analysis of craniometric characteristics can contribute to preventing unwanted dental and surgical complications, such as inferior alveolar nerve damage.
Age- and Gender-Related Femoral Bowing Analysis in the Korean Population and Features for Clinical Applications
Authors: Kim Ju-Yeong , Kong Gyu-Min
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: The anterolateral bowing of the femur shows differences between races and has recently caused many clinical problems. Asians tend to have increased femoral bowing, but there is a lack of large-scale studies. We aim to identify the patterns of femoral bowing in the Korean population through comprehensive analysis and address its clinical implications. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 550 femoral radiographs from Korean patients using three different views: anteroposterior, lateral, and 15-degree internal rotation. Initial univariate analysis examined age and gender differences, followed by multivariate analysis incorporating height and weight to understand their combined effects on femoral bowing. Results: The study included 229 (41.6%) males and 321 (58.4%) females, with a mean age of 62.53 years (SD = 21.93). Initial analysis showed greater femoral bowing in females than males by 2.72° (p < 0.001) in anteroposterior views. However, multivariate analysis revealed age to be the primary significant factor affecting femoral bowing across all viewing angles (p < 0.001), while gender effects became non-significant when controlling for other variables. The AP angle regression model explained 26% of the total variance, with each year increase in age associated with a 0.12-degree increase in bowing angle. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that age is the primary factor influencing femoral bowing in the Korean population, with apparent gender differences potentially attributable to age distribution differences between groups. Anteroposterior radiographic imaging proved most suitable for assessing bowing angles. These findings provide important insights for surgical planning and implant selection, particularly in addressing potential mismatch issues in Asian populations.
The Effectiveness of Tonsillectomy in the Diagnostic Workup of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Unknown Primary in the Head and Neck Based on p16 Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Stefanicka Patrik , Krupkova Katarina , Pavlovcinová Gabriela
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Despite the distinct entity of both p16-positive and p16-negative squamous cell carcinoma unknown primary in the head and neck (HNSCCUP), the diagnostic workup did not differ. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of palatine tonsillectomy in the identification of primary tumours in two groups of p16-positive and p16-negative HNSCCUP. Materials and Methods: Patients with HNSCCUP managed in two tertiary care referral centres from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2020 were analysed retrospectively. Results: Sixty-six patients with HNSCCUP diagnosis were included consecutively. HPV status of metastatic cervical lymph nodes using immunohistochemistry with p16 protein was available for all patients. The proportion of both p16-positive and p16-negative groups was not significantly different (p = 0.242). Of the 39 patients who underwent palatine tonsillectomy, tonsillar cancers were revealed histologically in 6 (15.4%) patients, and all these patients were p16-positive. No primary tonsillar tumour was found in the p16-negative group (0 of 17). The primary tumour identification rate in p16-positive HNSCCUP patients using palatine tonsillectomy was 27% (6 of 22). Conclusions: The diagnostic workup of HNSCCUP should be guided according to HPV/p16 status. Palatine tonsillectomy is a useful procedure in identifying primary cancer in p16-positive SCCUP patients, however, its effectiveness in p16-negative patients is debatable.
Recirculation in Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Gagliardi Veronica , Gagliardi Giuseppe
Published: November 2024

This review focuses on recirculation in the context of Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Life Support in adults. The methods employed to calculate and quantify the extent of recirculation, as well as factors affecting recirculation and interventions that could reduce recirculation, are detailed. As recirculation may significantly reduce extracorporeal oxygen delivery, leading to refractory hypoxemia, detecting and quantifying the recirculation fraction is fundamental in order to optimize VV-ECMO lung support. Although it is necessary to assess extracorporeal oxygen delivery, quantifying the amount of recirculation may be difficult. Besides mathematical methods, different experimental techniques for the direct measurement of recirculation are in development at present. Moreover, specific interventions and ECMO configurations could significantly reduce recirculation, and innovative systems are under study in this regard. Nevertheless, further human studies are needed to validate and standardize their use in clinical practice, and there remain limited data on their effectiveness and safety. More pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to assess the results obtained thus far and to improve the technologies to minimize the potential complications associated with their use.
Obstetric Intensive Care Admissions and Neonatal Outcomes: 15 Years of Experience from a Single Center
Authors: Rocha Filipa Ramalho , Gonçalves Tiago Neto , Xavier-Ferreira Maria Inês , Laranjeira Francisco , Magalhães Gonçalo Meleiro , Lopes Maria Inês , Sousa Marta , Pestana Daniela , Fernandes Élia , Chung Ana , Berdeja Ana , Santos Gonçalo Cassiano , Marto Natália , Messias António , Lima Jorge
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Maternal severe morbidity and mortality are measures for assessing maternal healthcare, and admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU) can be used to study these metrics. Here, we analyze ICU admissions of pregnant or postpartum women in a tertiary hospital. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study of obstetric intensive care admissions at a Portuguese hospital spanning 15 years. We analyzed maternal, admission-related, and neonatal variables from women admitted during pregnancy and up to 42 days post-delivery. Results: We identified 150 obstetric ICU admissions (0.9% of all ICU admissions, with an admission rate of 4.4 per 1000 deliveries). The mean age was 34 years, with most women being multiparous and 16.7% utilizing assisted reproductive technology. Notably, 45% of the women were above 35 years old. Most (86.7%) were admitted during the early postpartum period after undergoing a cesarean section (74%). The most frequent reasons for ICU admission were postpartum hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The mortality rate was 1.3%. The mean gestational age of newborns was 36 weeks and 6 days, and 46.4% were admitted to the neonatal ICU. We recorded one fetal death at 25 weeks and no neonatal deaths. Conclusions: The unique needs of obstetric ICU patients emphasize the need for specialized training of multidisciplinary teams. Severe postpartum hemorrhage was responsible for significant morbidity and disability, prompting a reassessment of delivery practices.
Comparison of the Effects of Lidocaine Versus Magnesium Infusion on Quality of Recovery After Nasal Bone Fracture Surgery
Authors: Choi Eun Kyung , Baek Jongyoon , Chung Kyu Jin
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Postoperative recovery from general anesthesia is a multidimensional process, and patient-centered outcome assessment should be considered an important indicator of recovery quality. This study compared the effectiveness of intraoperative lidocaine and magnesium on postoperative recovery in nasal bone fracture surgery, using the quality of recovery-40 questionnaire (QoR-40) to assess recovery quality and pain intensity. Materials and Methods: A total of 74 patients scheduled for elective closed reduction surgery for isolated nasal bone fracture were assigned to the intraoperative infusions of lidocaine or magnesium. Immediately after anesthetic induction, 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine or 20 mg/kg magnesium was administered over 10 min, followed by a continuous infusion of 2 mg/kg/h lidocaine or 20 mg/kg/h magnesium until the end of the surgery. The primary outcome variable was the QoR-40 survey on postoperative day 1. The secondary outcome variables included postoperative pain intensity, sedation score, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and other side effects. Results: The global QoR-40 score at postoperatively 24 h was comparable between the intraoperative lidocaine and magnesium groups. Postoperative pain 30 min after surgery was significantly lower in the lidocaine group than in the magnesium group (p = 0.01), along with lower rescue analgesic consumption (p = 0.003), but pain intensity was not different at other time points (2, 6, and 24 h). The incidence of nausea and vomiting and the sedation score in the post-anesthetic care unit were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: Intraoperative lidocaine and magnesium had no difference in the scores of postoperative QoR-40, but lidocaine was associated with lower postoperative pain scores and analgesic requirement in comparison to magnesium in the closed reduction of nasal bone fractures.
Clinical Characteristics and Prevalence of Celiac Disease in a Large Cohort of Type 1 Diabetes from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hakami Mohammed , Yafei Saeed , Hummadi Abdulrahman , Abutaleb Raed , Khawaji Abdullah , Solan Yahia , Aljohani Turki , Alhagawy Ali Jaber , Ali Amer Al , Bakkari Shakir , Adawi Morghma , Saleh Maram , Zaylaee Sayidah , Aref Rashad , Tahash Khaled , Haddad Ebrahim , Hakami Amnah , Hobani Mohammed , Abutaleb Ibrahem
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: The link between celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been well-documented in the medical literature and is thought to be due to a shared genetic predisposition in addition to environmental triggers. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and biopsy-proven CD (PBCD) prevalence in individuals with T1D from Saudi Arabia and identify their clinical characteristics and the impact on glycemic control. Materials and Methods: A total of 969 children and adolescents with confirmed T1D were investigated. Prospective and retrospective data were collected to include clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical data. Total IgA and anti-TTG-IgA antibodies were screened to detect seropositive cases. Upper intestinal endoscopy and biopsy were performed to find BPCD. Results: The seroprevalence of CD was 14.6% (141/969), while BPCD prevalence was 7.5%. Females had a higher prevalence than males: 17.8% vs. 9.8%, p < 0.001. The CD group had lower HbA1c and more frequent hypoglycemia than the seronegative group. Conclusions: This study highlighted the high prevalence of CD in T1D Saudi patients. CD has multiple effects on glycemic control, growth, and puberty in children and adolescents with T1D. We emphasize the importance of early screening for CD at the time of diabetes diagnosis and periodically after that or if any atypical features present, especially anemia, growth delay, underweight, or frequent hypoglycemia.
Prognostic Implications of Occult Nodal Metastases in Patients with Clinically N0 Primary Parotid Gland Cancer
Authors: Bang Jooin , Lee Oh-Hyeong , Kim Geun-Jeon , Sun Dong-Il , Kim Sang-Yeon
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: The role of occult nodal metastases in patients with parotid gland cancers remains unclear; such metastases are histologically diverse and exhibit unpredictable clinical courses. Here, we evaluated the prognostic utilities of such metastases, including metastases in the intraparenchymal lymph nodes (PARs). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of patients who underwent surgery to treat clinically N0 primary parotid gland cancers from 2000 to 2022. The primary outcome variables were 5-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS). We explored the effects of occult nodal metastases, including metastases in the PARs, especially in terms of the pathological T (pT) classification. Results: Among 74 patients, 48 (64.8%) were pT1/2 cases, and 26 (35.2%) were pT3/4 cases. Both perineural and lymphatic invasion were negatively associated with the 5-year DFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.533, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.325–9.421, p = 0.012; HR = 4.028, 95% CI = 1.497–10.839, p = 0.006, respectively). During pathological review, PAR metastases were observed in 12 patients (16.2%), and other occult metastases were present in 8 patients (10.8%). PAR metastases reduced the 5-year DFS in pT1/2 cases (87.2% vs. 22.2%, p = 0.001) but not in pT3/4 cases. Conclusions: PAR metastases significantly reduced the 5-year DFS in patients with clinically N0 primary parotid gland cancer. On subgroup analysis according to pT classification, this effect was significant among patients with early pT1/2 status but not patients with advanced pT3/4 status.
Tribological Properties of SPS Reactive Sintered Al/MoS2 Composites
Authors: Kostecki Marek , Kulikowski Krzysztof , Moszczyńska Dorota , Olszyna Andrzej Roman
Published: November 2024

In search of opportunities to improve mechanical properties and abrasion resistance, composites based on aluminum reinforced with MoS2 particles were produced. The authors’ previous research indicated the possibility of obtaining hard dispersion precipitates of the Al12Mo intermetallic phase as a result of the reaction of the composite components at a temperature exceeding 550 °C during the SPS (Spark Plasma Sintering) process. This work focused on optimizing the SPS consolidation process and assessing the microstructure and mechanical properties of the obtained materials. A series of experiments proved that by increasing the amount of the strengthening phase and increasing the process temperature, a significant amount of Al12Mo and Al5Mo strengthening phases is produced. Exceptionally good dispersion of reinforcing particles and the presence of layered MoS2 crystals, while ensuring optimal parameters of the synthesis process, lead to a change in friction mechanisms and improved abrasion resistance through an approximately 30-fold decrease in the wear factor.
Research on Dynamic Evolution of Residual Stress Based on Simulation of Piston Manufacturing Process
Authors: Yang Dong , Li Lizheng , Zhou Chuanlong , He Qiang
Published: November 2024

Rather than focusing on the residual stress generated from casting, machining, or heat treatment unilaterally, a comprehensive research method to consider the whole dynamic evolution of residual stress is proposed. The cast iron piston is taken as the research object to establish a continuous simulation model for its manufacturing. Firstly, a simulation model of piston casting is established to analyze the stress change. Subsequently, through the machining and heat treatment simulation of the piston, the variation law of residual stress before and after machining is analyzed. Different process parameters are designed to study the redistribution mechanism of residual stress. Residual stress tests are further conducted on the processed piston products. The results indicate that shakeout can effectively remove 60% to 80% of the residual stress. The removal of materials results in overall residual stress release and redistribution for the piston, and the piston releases 10% to 40% of the residual stress after machining. The heat treatment of the machined piston can effectively reduce the residual stress with a maximum reduction of 27.1%. The good consistency between experimental results and simulation results further confirms the feasibility of the comprehensive research method. This study is beneficial for achieving low stress manufacturing of pistons and improving their working performance.
Physical Activity Reduces Metabolic Risk via Iron Metabolism: Cross-National Evidence Using the Triglyceride–Glucose Index
Authors: Hao Zikang , Guo Xinmeng , Wang Yitao , Yang Guang
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Studies suggest that the triglyceride–glucose index (TyG) is a novel and comprehensive marker of metabolic health. While most research indicates that increased physical activity (PA) is linked to improved metabolic health, some studies argue that the previous markers may not fully capture this relationship. This study uses TyG as a marker of metabolic health to examine the association between PA and TyG. Methods: Data are from cross-sectional surveys in three large population studies in China and the United States: CHARLS, CHNS, and NHANES. Regression models were applied to analyze the relationship between PA and TyG, with covariates adjusted in a stepwise manner. Stratified analysis was used to explore this relationship among different population groups, and, since it has been suggested that iron metabolism plays an important role in metabolic health, it was used as a mediating variable to construct a mediation model for analysis and discussion. Results: Higher PA was significantly associated with lower TyG levels across all three databases (p < 0.001), and this relationship remained robust after full adjustment for covariates. This negative association was more pronounced in older males (over 45 years). Iron metabolism also mediated this relationship, with mediation proportions ranging from 10% to 12.5%. Conclusions: There is a significant inverse association between PA and TyG, suggesting a link between increased PA and metabolic health, with iron metabolism moderating this relationship, especially among older males.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential for Breast Cancer of Phytochemicals and Secondary Metabolites in Marjoram, Thyme, and Persimmon
Authors: Mattingly Aubrey , Vickery Zoe , Ivankovic Diana , Farrell Christopher L. , Hakonarson Hakon , Nguyen Katie , Boccuto Luigi
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common cause of death in women worldwide and the most commonly diagnosed cancer. Although several therapeutic approaches are widely used against breast cancer, their adverse effects often lead to symptoms severely affecting the quality of life. Alternative methods have been explored to reduce these adverse effects, and nutraceuticals have yielded promising results. This review will discuss mechanisms of action and potential applications against breast cancer of some nutraceuticals, specifically marjoram, thyme, and persimmon leaves. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across the public databases of PubMed, PubChem, and Google Scholar, with a specific focus on the plant extracts and phytochemicals of interest, as well as the anticarcinogenic mechanisms. Results: Ethnopharmacological and biochemical evidence support the anticarcinogenic role of marjoram, thyme, and persimmon. Numerous phytochemicals contained in these herbs’ extracts, like terpenes and flavonoids, possess remarkable potential to effectively treat breast cancer. Discussion: The phytochemicals contained in the reviewed nutraceuticals target the main cellular pathways involved in cell growth and disrupted in carcinogenesis, such as Nf-κB, MAPK/p38, TNF-α/IL-1β, and PI3K/Akt. The mechanisms of action of these compounds can successfully limit the abnormal growth and proliferation of cancerous breast cells. Conclusions: The potential use of the phytochemicals discussed in this review, either alone or in combination, may offer a valid alternative to chemotherapy against breast cancer with virtually no adverse effects, and further research on these molecules may lead to the identification of additional chemo-preventative and chemotherapeutic candidates.
Novel Deposition Technique for Fabricating Films with Customized Thickness Profiles
Authors: Hsieh Chi-Yung , Lin Yu-Chi , Huang Xuan-Shan , Lin Jing-Ting , Huang Cheng-Sheng
Published: November 2024

This study introduces a novel deposition technique capable of depositing thin films with any arbitrary thickness profile. The apparatus consists of a fixed shadow mask and a rotating sample carrier plate. The shadow mask features a specifically designed opening curve that corresponds to the particular thickness profile of the deposited film. We successfully designed two shadow masks and used them to deposit films with linear thickness gradients of 49.3 and 86.8 Å/mm and films with sinusoidal thickness profiles with a period of 40 mm. Furthermore, a linear variable filter was designed on the basis of a quarter-wavelength stack of Si3N4 and SiO2, combined with a TiO2 cavity layer with a linearly varying thickness. By coaxially rotating the sample carrier plate relative to the shadow mask, films with the desired thickness profiles could be fabricated in a single deposition step without the need for additional rotational or translational devices inside the deposition chamber. By rotating the carrier plate, the chips attached at different circumferential positions can achieve consistent thickness profiles, making this method well-suited for mass production.
Scanning Micromirror Calibration Method Based on PSO-LSSVM Algorithm Prediction
Authors: Liu Yan , Cheng Xiang , Zhang Tingting , Xu Yu , Cai Weijia , Han Fengtian
Published: November 2024

Scanning micromirrors represent a crucial component in micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS), with a broad range of applications across diverse fields. However, in practical applications, several factors inherent to the fabrication process and the surrounding usage environment exert a considerable influence on the accuracy of measurements obtained with the micromirror. Therefore, it is essential to calibrate the scanning micromirror and its measurement system. This paper presents a novel scanning micromirror calibration method based on the prediction of a particle swarm optimization-least squares support vector machine (PSO-LSSVM). The objective is to establish a correspondence between the actual deflection angle of the micromirror and the output of the measurement system employing a regression algorithm, thereby enabling the prediction of the tilt angle of the micromirror. The decision factor (R2) for this model at the x-axis reaches a value of 0.9947.
Editorial for the Micro/Nanoscale Electrokinetics Section
Authors: Xuan Xiangchun
Published: November 2024

Electrokinetics is the study of fluid flow and particle motion driven by electricity [...]
Atomic Force Microscopy as a Means to Analyze Vickers Indentation Experiments: Crack Morphology, Fracture Toughness, and Indentation Profile
Authors: Vivanco-Chávez Patricia , Klichowicz Michael , Popov Oleg , Lieberwirth Holger , Heide Gerhard , Mertens Florian
Published: November 2024

Studies of micro/nanoscale mechanical properties of materials are scarce and the determination of the corresponding parameters such as fracture toughness (KIC) and Vickers hardness number (HV) at those scales remains a challenge. In the presented work, a methodological approach was applied that provides detailed insight on the elastic/plastic behavior of minerals subjected to Vickers indentation experiments. In this research, five samples were analyzed: one fused silica sample (reference material), two synthetic quartz crystals (differently cut, SQ⊥ and SQX), and two quartz grains from polished sections of granite and granodiorite rock. The applied methodology was predominantly based on qualitative and quantitative morphology measurements by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). This analysis shows the dominant presence of either Primary Radial Cracks (PRC) or Secondary Radial Cracks (SRC) in both natural (mineral) quartz grains and synthetic quartz crystals, and Cone Cracks (CC) in fused silica. Moreover, the parameters associated with the indentation (e.g., length of the cracks, the depth of residual indentation, and the indentation mark size) allowed the reconstruction of the indentation profile model and the determination of KIC and HV with enhanced accuracy.
Increasing Structural Diversity of the Early Growth Stages in Polynesian Pearls Reveals Biological Stress Suffered by the Grafts
Authors: Cuif Jean-Pierre , Dauphin Yannicke , Gèze Marc , Lo Cedrik , Nemeth Gergely , Sandt Christophe
Published: November 2024

In Polynesian pearls produced using Pinctada margaritifera var. Cumingii, we investigated the structure of the early growth stages, from the nucleus surface up to the first deposition of the black nacre characteristic of this subspecies. Despite simultaneous grafting from the same donor oyster and similar cultivation conditions, we observed the deposition of various non-nacreous pre-nacre structures. These unusual microstructures, which precede the return to black nacre, varied from immediate deposition onto the nucleus surface to increasing delays, depending on the graft’s position in the grafting series. Given the similar biological conditions of grafting and cultivation, we suggest that, in line with recent data demonstrating genomic sensitivity to environmental conditions, alterations in the graft cells produced during the increasing waiting period were transmitted to the pearl sacs and the early growth stages of the grafted pearls.
Discovery and Geological Significance of Neoproterozoic Bimodal Intrusive Rocks in the Dabie Orogen, China
Authors: Li Linjing , Hu Mingyi , Kong Lingyao , Wang Lin , Lyu Qiqi
Published: November 2024

The Mingshan reservoir of the Dabie Orogen has a number of Neoproterozoic bimodal intrusive rocks. We focused on the zircon U-Pb chronology, Hf isotopes, and bulk-rock geochemistry of these rocks. The results showed the following: (1) The bimodal intrusive rocks mainly consist of monzogranitic gneiss and plagioamphibolite, with zircon U-Pb ages of 785.0 ± 7.1 Ma and 787.3 ± 6.1 Ma, respectively. These ages indicate that they were formed in the late Qingbaikou epoch of the Neoproterozoic era. (2) The monzogranitic gneiss was dominated by peraluminous features and displayed a strong right deviation of REE (rare-earth element) patterns and a negative δEu anomaly. It is enriched in the LILEs (large-ion lithophile elements) Rb, Ba, and K, but slightly depleted in Nb, Sr, P, and Ti, with low 10,000* Ga/Al values, indicating that it is similar to Al-type granite. The plagioamphibolite belongs to the metaluminous, peraluminous series. It has a Mg# (molar ratio of Mg to Mg + Fe) of 36.1~55.9 and is enriched in the LILEs Rb, Ba, and K, with a slight positive anomaly of Ba, and is depleted in Nb and Sr. (3) The monzogranite shows negative zircon εHf(t) values ranging from −13.4 to −7.2 and a Paleoproterozoic TDM2(Hf) (two-stage depleted mantle model age) of 1969–2298 Ma. The zircon εHf(t) values and TDM2(Hf) of the plagioamphibolite were concentrated around 2.9–5.7 and 1257–1410 Ma, respectively. The geochemistry and Hf isotopes show that the monzogranitic gneiss and plagioamphibolite have distinct magmatic sources. The plagioamphibolite formed from mantle and partial continental crustal materials. The monzogranitic gneiss, on the other hand, was formed as a result of the partial melting of the shallow ancient felsic crust caused by mafic rock heating or upwelling. Taking into account regional correlation, the middle Neoproterozoic bimodal intrusive rocks originated in the structural framework of an extensional setting.
A Dual-Functional and Efficient MOF-5@MWCNTs Electrochemical Sensing Device for the Measurement of Trace-Level Acetaminophenol and Dopamine
Authors: Gu Jianxia , Lang Shuting , Jin Zhanbin , Wei Tingting
Published: November 2024

The design and construction of dual-functional and high-efficiency electrochemical sensors are necessary for quantitative detection. In this work, a zinc-based metal–organic framework (MOF-5) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were combined in situ through a simple solvothermal reaction to obtain an MOF-5@MWCNTs composite. The composite exhibits a large surface area, hierarchical pore structure, excellent conductivity, and enhanced electrochemical performance in the detection of acetaminophenol (AP) and dopamine (DA). Remarkably, the synergistic effects between MOF-5 and MWCNTs enable the electrochemical sensor based on the MOF-5@MWCNTs composite to quantitatively determine AP and DA at trace levels. Under optimal conditions, the proposed sensor features relatively wide linear ranges of 0.005–600 μM and 0.1–60 μM for AP and DA, respectively, with very low detection limits (LODs) of 0.061 μM and 0.0075 μM for AP and DA. Importantly, this electrochemical sensor demonstrates excellent reproducibility, stability, and anti-interference ability, making it suitable for practical applications in the detection of AP and DA in urine and tap water samples with acceptable recoveries. The successful integration of MOF-5 with MWCNTs results in a robust and versatile electrochemical sensing platform for the rapid and reliable detection of AP and DA at trace levels.
A Comparative Review of Eugenol and Citral Anticandidal Mechanisms: Partners in Crimes Against Fungi
Authors: Shahina Zinnat , Dahms Tanya E. S.
Published: November 2024

Candida albicans is an emerging multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen that causes candidiasis, superficial infections on the mucosa, nails or skin, and life-threatening candidemia in deep tissue when disseminated through the bloodstream. Recently, there has been a sharp rise in resistant strains, posing a considerable clinical challenge for the treatment of candidiasis. There has been a resurged interest in the pharmacological properties of essential oils and their active components, for example, monoterpenes with alcohol (-OH) and aldehyde (-CHO) groups. Eugenol and citral have shown promising in vitro and in vivo activity against Candida species. Although there is substantial research on the efficacy of these essential oil components against C. albicans, a detailed knowledge of their mycological mechanisms is lacking. To explore the broad-spectrum effects of EOs, it is more meaningful and rational to study the whole essential oil, along with some of its major components. This review provides a comprehensive overview of eugenol and citral anticandidal and antivirulence activity, alone and together, along with the associated mechanisms and limitations of our current knowledge.
Accessing Promising Passerini Adducts in Anticancer Drug Design
Authors: Janeiro Ana Margarida , González-Bakker Aday , Padrón José M. , Marques Carolina S.
Published: November 2024

The 3-component Passerini reaction (3CPR), discovered little more than 100 years ago, has been demonstrated in the last few decades to be a valuable tool for accessing structural diversity and complexity, essential topics to consider in drug discovery programs. Focusing on accessing a fine-tuned family of α-acyloxyamide–oxindole hybrids, we underline herein our latest insights regarding the use of this mild reaction approach to obtain promising anticancer agents. Cheap and commercially available isatin was used as starting material. The library of α-acyloxyamide–oxindole hybrids was tested against six human solid-tumor cell lines; among them, non-small cell lung carcinoma, cervical and colon adenocarcinoma, and breast and pancreas cancer. The most potent compound displayed GI50 values in the range of 1.3–21 µM.
Three New Depsipeptides, Homiamides A–C, Isolated from Streptomyces sp., ROA-065
Authors: Kim Jeong-Hyeon , Lee Ji Young , Lee Juri , Hillman Prima F. , Lee Jihye , Choi Byeongchan , Paik Man-Jeong , Lee Songyi , Nam Sang-Jip
Published: November 2024

Three new depsipeptides, homiamides A–C (1–3), were isolated from a marine sediment-derived strain of Streptomyces sp., ROA-065. The planar structures of homiamides A–C (1–3) were elucidated using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of 1–3 were deduced from the application of the Marfey’s method and GC-MS analysis after formation of the O-trifluoroacetylated (S)-(+)-methyl-2-butyl ester derivatives of amino acids. Compounds 1–3 exhibited weak anti-bacterial activities against both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, with compound 1 showing MIC values of 32–64 μg/mL. In antifouling assays, compounds 1 and 2 displayed moderate activity against Micrococcus luteus KCTC 3063, while compound 3 exhibited weak activity against all tested bacteria.
QSAR Modeling and Biological Testing of Some 15-LOX Inhibitors in a Series of Homo- and Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Khairullina Veronika , Martynova Yuliya , Kanevsky Matvey , Kanevskaya Irina , Zimin Yurii , Maksimov Leonid
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the quantitative structure–inhibitory activity relationship of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) in sets of 100 homo- and heterocyclic compounds using GUSAR 2019 software. Statistically significant valid models were built to predict the IC50 parameter. A combination of MNA and QNA descriptors with three whole molecular descriptors (topological length, topological volume and lipophilicity) was used to develop 18 statistically significant, valid consensus QSAR models. These compounds showed varying degrees of inhibition of the catalytic activity of 15-LOX: the range of variation in the pIC50 value was 3.873. The satisfactory coincidence between the theoretically calculated and experimentally determined pIC50 values for compounds TS1, TS2 and 1–8 suggests the potential use of models M1–M18 for the virtual screening of virtual libraries and databases to find new potentially efficient inhibitors of 15-LOX.
Investigation on Tattoo Ink (Hexadecachlorinate Copper Phthalocyanine) Removal: Novel Chemical and Biological Approach
Authors: Ranalli Giancarlo , Andreotti Alessia , Colombini Maria Perla , Corti Cristina , Paris Debora , Rampazzi Laura , Saviano Gabriella , Vecchio Ramona , Caprari Claudio
Published: November 2024

Tattoos have been a ubiquitous phenomenon throughout history. Now, the demand for tattoo removal for aesthetic or practical reasons is growing rapidly. This study outlines the results of field investigations into the chemical and biological removal of tattoo inks (Hexadecachlorinate copper phthalocyanine—C32Cl16CuN8—CAS no° 1328-53-6). FTIR, Py-GC/MS, and NMR analyses yielded intriguing profiles pertaining to the primary chemical constituents, along with others of an ambiguous nature. A bioremoval protocol was developed on a pork rind surface to simulate human tattooing. Two previously studied microbial strains were included in this analysis: (i) a bacterial culture of Pseudomonas stutzeri 5190 DSMZ viable cells and (ii) a fungal culture of Alternaria infectoria strain NIS4, the latter already isolated and identified. A combination of physical, chemical, and microbiological analyses, along with microscopic observations, was conducted. In our experimental conditions, inocula from environmental samples (soil and compost) were capable of inducing changes in even trace organic matter (glycerin and additives in pigments) used as a binder in emulsifiers in tattoo inks. Furthermore, the two microbial strains demonstrated promising potential for removing green tattoo ink. Finally, wastewater effluents containing green ink were recovered via electrochemical treatment, and the environmental impact in terms of the CO2 equivalent of our experiments was assessed. The results are promising and warrant further investigation into the innovative biological and chemical removal of tattoo inks from human skin and wastewater, respectively.
Nutrients and Quality Aspects Characterizing Ostrea edulis Cultivated in Valli di Comacchio (Northern Italy) Across Different Seasons
Authors: Chiefa Francesco , Tedeschi Paola , Cescon Mirco , Costa Valentina , Sarti Elena , Salgado-Ramos Manuel , Pallarés Noelia , Spadafora Natasha Damiana , Aguiari Leonardo , Pasti Luisa
Published: November 2024

The quality aspects of Ostrea edulis (O. edulis) cultured in Valli di Comacchio were examined across different seasons. Nutritional quality parameters, antioxidant activity, total carotenoids, and contaminants were determined in winter, summer, and autumn (December, June, and October). Seasonal variations in nutritional parameters were observed. In particular, in the winter samples, proteins, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, threonine, tyrosine, valine and methionine, isoleucine, potassium, and carotenoids showed the highest values, whereas oleic acid, linolenic acid, lysine, and magnesium exhibited the maximum values in the summer. Finally, lipids, carbohydrates, histidine, and magnesium were present at high values in the autumn. The antioxidant activity values differed between the two methods used (DPPH and photochemiluminescence assays); however, the oysters collected in June presented lower antioxidant capacity. Contaminant levels were always below the imposed concentration limits; however, higher levels of toxic metals were detected in the winter, while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in the summer and autumn. It is important to monitor the nutritional and toxicological quality of Ostrea edulis throughout the cultivation seasons, not only to enhance knowledge of this species and improve its cultivation systems but also to determine the optimal period for human consumption from both nutritional and toxicological perspectives.