bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization Design, Mechanical Properties, and Energy Absorption Characteristics of Thin‐Walled Porous Structures Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Ge Yaqiong , Gong Yanao , Hou Min , Chang Zexin , Ma Ninshu , Wang Qian
Published: November 2024

Thin‐walled porous structures have great application prospects in aerospace, automotive, and biomedical fields, and the optimization of their properties is crucial to improve the overall effectiveness of the products. Herein, the optimal design of porous structures and their mechanical properties are discussed, and the effects of different geometrical features on the mechanical properties of porous structures are systematically investigated, aiming to address the challenges of lightweighting and strength enhancement of porous materials. Herein, innovative concepts are applied to hexagonal honeycomb and triple‐periodic minimal surface (P) structures, such as planar‐enhanced (BPEH), and anisotropic bidirectional gradient stratified TPMS‐Primitive (ABG‐P) are developed through structural optimization, and these 316L porous structures are fabricated using selective laser melting. Both quasistatic compression tests and finite element simulations show that at equal porosity, the optimized BPEH and ABG showed a significant increase in specific strength, specific stiffness, and specific energy uptake over the unoptimized structure, while the specific gravity is reduced. The structural optimization herein provides new ideas for the design and fabrication of high‐performance lightweight porous structures.
Effect of Welding Torch Mode on Heat Input, Microstructure, and Mechanical Performance of Inconel 625 via Wire‐Arc‐Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Guo Dongbo , Wang Tianqi , Tang Jinbao , Li Haoran , Li Liangyu
Published: November 2024

Cold metal transfer‐based wire‐arc directed energy deposition offers high molding efficiency and the capability to produce large, complex structural components. However, the grain structure and mechanical performance of the deposited parts are significantly influenced by the thermal history during deposition. This study prepared Inconel 625 samples using two different torch modes (vertical and tilt). The effects of two torch modes and build heights on the molten pool temperature are investigated, and the solidification structure and mechanical performance of the parts at various locations are analyzed. Results show that the deposited samples primarily consisted of columnar dendrites growing epitaxially along the deposition direction, with Laves phase particles distributed in blocks and chains among the dendrites. Tilting the torch contributed to grain refinement and reduced Laves phase precipitates, resulting in samples with high strength. Additionally, the tensile performance of the deposited samples exhibits anisotropy.
Spin Regulation of Nickel Single Atom Catalyst via Axial Phosphor‐Coordination Achieves Near Unity CO Selectivity in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Miao Kanghua , Qin Jundi , Lai Siyuan , Luo Mi , Kuchkaev Aidar , Yakhvarov Dmitry , Kang Xiongwu
Published: November 2024

The engineering of the spin state and axial coordination of the metal center of single‐atom catalyst (SAC) represents an effective strategy for regulating the catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability toward electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 (ECO2R). However, rational design and deliberate fabrication of SACs with axial coordination of specified atoms remain challenging. Herein, Ni single atoms with axial coordination of phosphorus (NiP−N4−C) and four planar nitrogen atoms are fabricated, which induces reorientation of the 3d orbitals of the Ni atom and shift of the spin state from low (S = 0) to high (S = 2). The enhanced d−p orbital coupling between the Ni and the adsorbents enhances CO2 activation and reduces energy barrier for formation of *COOH, a key intermediate in the ECO2R to produce CO, enabling the high activity and near unity selectivity of CO in ECO2R in a broad potential range of 600 mV (−0.4–−1.0 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode vs RHE), achieving a turnover frequency of 37.2 s−1 at −1.0 V versus RHE. As a bifunctional cathode electrocatalyst, NiP−N4−C demonstrates a peak power density of 18.5 mW cm−2 and maintains cycling durability over 70 h in rechargeable Zn−CO2 batteries.
Coaxial Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes as Dual‐Functional Biomimetic Tendon Sheath for Tendon Repair and Anti‐Peritendinous Adhesion
Authors: Yang Qiao , Li Jianfeng , Meng Hongfang , Wang Yongdi , Hu Lanlan , Su Weiwei , Xu Jie , Hou Juedong , Zhao Rui , Wang Zihan , Zhang Kairui , Wu Yaobin , Wang Ling
Published: November 2024

Tendon injuries often exhibit limited healing capacity, frequently complicated by peritendinous adhesion, posing a substantial challenge in clinical tendon repair. Although present biomaterial‐based membranes offer a promising strategy for tendon treatment, their clinical application is hindered by inflammation‐induced adhesion. Herein, this study presents a dual‐functional biomimetic tendon sheath based on a coaxial electrospun nanofibrous membrane for enhancing tendon repair and simultaneously preventing peritendinous adhesion. This nanofibrous membrane is fabricated using a coaxial electrospinning method, encapsulating celecoxib‐loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) within gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) shell. Both in vitro and in vivo analysis results demonstrated that such coaxial biomimetic tendon sheath enhanced tenogenic differentiation of tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) due to nanofibrous GelMA shell providing a suitable microenvironment surface. Simultaneously, the sustained release of celecoxib (CEL) from the core is able to significantly decrease the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Notably, in vivo assessments in animal models with patellar tendon defects revealed significant reductions in peritendinous adhesion, leading to further enhancement in tendon repair. These results underscore the potential of the coaxial nanofibrous membrane as a dual‐functional biomimetic tendon sheath, offering a promising avenue for the long‐term management of tendon injuries.
Taming Prolonged Ionic Drift–Diffusion Dynamics for Brain‐Inspired Computation
Authors: Inoue Hisashi , Tamura Hiroto , Kitoh Ai , Chen Xiangyu , Byambadorj Zolboo , Yajima Takeaki , Hotta Yasushi , Iizuka Tetsuya , Tanaka Gouhei , Inoue Isao H.
Published: November 2024

Recent advances in neural network‐based computing have enabled human‐like information processing in areas such as image classification and voice recognition. However, many neural networks run on conventional computers that operate at GHz clock frequency and consume considerable power compared to biological neural networks, such as human brains, which work with a much slower spiking rate. Although many electronic devices aiming to emulate the energy efficiency of biological neural networks have been explored, achieving long timescales while maintaining scalability remains an important challenge. In this study, a field‐effect transistor based on the oxide semiconductor strontium titanate (SrTiO3) achieves leaky integration on a long timescale by leveraging the drift–diffusion of oxygen vacancies in this material. Experimental analysis and finite‐element model simulations reveal the mechanism behind the leaky integration of the SrTiO3 transistor. With a timescale in the order of one second, which is close to that of biological neuron activity, this transistor is a promising component for biomimicking neuromorphic computing.
NIR‐II AIE Liposomes for Boosting Type‐I Photodynamic and Mild‐Temperature Photothermal Therapy in Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Zhen Shijie , Xu Zhe , Suo Meng , Zhang Teng , Lyu Meng , Li Tianwei , Zhang Tianfu , Li Meijing , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2024

Phototheranositcs has recently aroused extreme attention due to its exceptional advantages. However, the poor photothernostic efficiency, limited penetration depth, strong oxygen‐dependence, and inevitable damage to normal tissue of conventional photothernostic materials severely hindered their total theranostic efficacy. Herein, a series of near‐infrared second (NIR‐II) photosensitizers (PSs) featuring aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), NIR‐II fluorescence imaging (FLI), type I photodynamic therapy (PDT) and mild‐temperature photothermal therapy (PTT) are constructed through dual‐strategy methods combining donor group engineering and fluorination engineering. Profiting from sufficient molecular rotors and high electronegativity of fluorine, the developed 2‐(2‐((5‐(4‐((4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)(phenyl)amino)phenyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)methylene)‐5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile (BTS‐2F) and 2‐(2‐((5‐(4‐(bis(4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)amino)phenyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)methylene)‐5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile (TTS‐2F) are endowed with NIR‐II AIE property, high radical reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability and mild‐temperature photothermal conversion. Through thin film hydration method, the prepared BTS‐2F and TTS‐2F loaded liposomes exhibit significant NIR‐II FLI and improved type‐I PDT/mild‐temperature PTT therapy under laser irradiation both in vitro and orthotopic 4T1 mice models.
Experimental and Theoretical Insights into Single Atoms, Dual Atoms, and Sub‐Nanocluster Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction (CO2RR) to High‐Value Products
Authors: Woldu Abebe Reda , Yohannes Asfaw G. , Huang Zanling , Kennepohl Pierre , Astruc Didier , Hu Liangsheng , Huang Xiao‐Chun
Published: November 2024

Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion into valuable chemicals paves the way for the realization of carbon recycling. Downsizing catalysts to single‐atom catalysts (SACs), dual‐atom catalysts (DACs), and sub‐nanocluster catalysts (SNCCs) has generated highly active and selective CO2 transformation into highly reduced products. This is due to the introduction of numerous active sites, highly unsaturated coordination environments, efficient atom utilization, and confinement effect compared to their nanoparticle counterparts. Herein, recent Cu‐based SACs are first reviewed and the newly emerged DACs and SNCCs expanding the catalysis of SACs to electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR) to high‐value products are discussed. Tandem Cu‐based SAC–nanocatalysts (NCs) (SAC–NCs) are also discussed for the CO2RR to high‐value products. Then, the non‐Cu‐based SACs, DACs, SAC–NCs, and SNCCs and theoretical calculations of various transition‐metal catalysts for CO2RR to high‐value products are summarized. Compared to previous achievements of less‐reduced products, this review focuses on the double objective of achieving full CO2 reduction and increasing the selectivity and formation rate toward C–C coupled products with additional emphasis on the stability of the catalysts. Finally, through combined theoretical and experimental research, future outlooks are offered to further develop the CO2RR into high‐value products over isolated atoms and sub‐nanometal clusters.
Cell‐Penetrating Peptide Induced Superstructures Triggering Highly Efficient Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Gong Xuefeng , Han Yuchun , Wang Tengda , Song Gang , Chen Hongling , Tang Haiqiu , Huang Xu , Deng Ke , Wang Shu , Wang Yilin
Published: November 2024

To endow non‐antibacterial molecules with highly efficient bactericide activity is an important but challenging issue. Herein, a kind of cell‐penetrating peptide octa‐arginine (R8) is found to be effective in activating antibacterial ability when assembling with anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), while individual R8 or SDS shows poor or no antibacterial ability. By combined electrostatic, hydrogen bond, and hydrophobic interactions, R8 and SDS associate into wormlike micelle and lamellar structure by forming supramolecular self‐assembling units, depending on their charge ratio (CR). The lamellar aggregates show particularly high antibacterial activities against both Gram‐negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Interestingly, E. coli and S. aureus are killed by membrane‐disrupting and membrane‐penetrating mechanisms, respectively. Furthermore, in vivo experiments evidence that the R8/SDS lamellar aggregates accelerate the recovery of bacteria‐infected wounds, wherein the reduced inflammation and promoted angiogenesis are clearly presented. This study proves that highly efficient bactericidal activity is triggered by the synergistic action of penetrating peptide and anionic amphiphiles, thus providing a new strategy to realize highly efficient and targetable antibacterial application.
Optimizing Oxygen Redox Activity by Local Chemical Disorder toward Robust Co‐Free Li‐Rich Cathode with High Voltage Stability
Authors: Zheng Hongfei , Fan Mengjian , Zhang Chenying , He Wei , Gao Guiyang , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Laisen , Xie Qingshui , Peng Dong‐Liang , Lu Jun
Published: November 2024

Despite extensive investigation on the lattice oxygen redox (LOR) in Li‐rich cathodes, significant challenges remain in utilizing LOR activity without compromising structural and electrochemical stability. Related breakthroughs are hindered by the lack of understanding regarding how different LOR activity influences the structural evolution and electrochemical stability, and what is the optimal LOR activity. Herein, the degree of LOR activity is successfully regulated from 22% to 92% in Co‐free Li‐rich cathodes (Li1+xMn0.62Ni0.18O2) by controlling local chemical disorder, and the relationship between LOR activity and cycling stability is revealed. Conventional consensus is challenged by new findings that the over‐suppressive LOR activity also undermines electrochemical/structural stability, and even causes more severe voltage fading compared to cases with excessive LOR. However, their failure mechanisms related to lattice strain present different characteristics. Based on the established understanding, the appropriate LOR activation is necessary to balance the maximum reversible LOR activity and good stability, and the optimal degree is identified as 86% in Li1.18Mn0.62Ni0.18O2 (LR‐78). LR‐78 exhibits remarkable voltage retention of 96% after 400 cycles at 1 C, and superior high‐rate cyclability without capacity decay within 600 cycles at 5 C. These findings significantly broaden the understanding of LOR mechanisms and provide critical guidance for designing durable LOR‐based cathodes.
Directional Reconstruction to Highly Active Tandem Sites for Superior Acidic CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Yang Ruoou , Wen Qunlei , Yang Yuqi , Liu Youwen , Yang Yan , Wu Mao , Wei Yao , Mei Bingbao , Liu Yan , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou
Published: November 2024

Acidic CO2 electroreduction (CO2R) to multi‐carbon (C2+) chemicals advance the carbon neutrality in the manner of high carbon utilization efficiency; however, it suffers from low selectivity. Designing tandem catalysts is the most promising remedy, yet achieving highly active tandem sites remains an immense challenge due to the potentiodynamic structural evolution. Here self‐reducing ion (e.g., iodate) mediated reconstruction, which leverages the self‐reduction of dissolved iodate ions is presented to harmonize reconstruction rate of the tandem catalyst and directionally optimize tandem sites in operation. Multiple in situ workflow clearly demonstrate that the exploited CuO/AgIO3 tandem catalysts occur rapid dissolution of iodate ions in AgIO3 during the CO2R, resulting in the formation of defective Ag. Subsequently, the preferential self‐reduction of dissolved iodate as a reduction inhibitor delays the reconstruction rate of CuO and directs surface reconstruction toward highly active Cu(100). The asymmetric charge distribution of defective Ag facilitates the generation of *COOH and enhances local CO availability to further accelerate the C─C coupling step implemented on Cu(100). The directionally reconstructed CuO/AgIO3 achieves outstanding C2+ Faradaic efficiency of 82% at 1.2 A cm−2 and a peak jC2+ (1024 mA cm−2) is ≈1.5 times higher than that reported in literature benchmark in strong acid electrolyte.
Reassessing the Role of Thermal Convection in Simultaneous Water Production and Pollutant Degradation in Interfacial Photothermal‐Photocatalytic Systems
Authors: Li Xiaoke , Yang Rui , Zou Lie , Zheng Size , Chen Mengshan , Wen Jin , Zhang He , Wu Cheng , Zhang Yongcai , Zhou Yingtang
Published: November 2024

The interfacial photothermal‐photocatalytic systems can generate clean water while purifying wastewater containing organic pollutants, but the impact of thermal convection on synergistic effects remains unexplored. This paper aims to regulate the thermal convection at the interface to significantly enhance the synergistic effect of interfacial photothermal‐photocatalytic systems. A novel heterogeneous structure comprising iron‐based metal‐organic frameworks and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes with a gelatin‐polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) double network hydrogel (MWCNTs@NM88B/PVA/gelatin hydrogel, denoted as MMH) is developed and employed in the construction of the solar‐driven interfacial evaporation (SIE) system. The system shows high activity for solar water evaporation and simultaneous photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. MMH demonstrates an evaporation rate of 2.84 kg m−2 h−1, achieving an efficiency of 95.3% under 1 sun. COMSOL simulations reveal that the implementation of a three‐phase interface configuration with SIE technology significantly boosts thermal convection, effectively diminishing the barrier to gas release from the reaction system and consequently enhancing the efficiency of the interfacial photothermal‐photocatalytic process. Furthermore, the potential mechanism of photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants in MMH/H2O2/visible light reaction system is proposed by combining the experiments of KPFM, in situ XPS, and ESR spectra. Therefore, this work offers a fresh perspective on evaluating the impact of thermal convection on water evaporation and pollutant degradation in interface photothermal‐photocatalytic systems.
3,4‐Dicyano‐2,5,6‐Trifluorophenyl Glycosides as Electron‐Deficient Fluoroarene Glycosyl Donors for Chemical Glycosylation
Authors: Khanam Ariza , Tiwari Ashwani , Ovais Mohammad , Lal Mohan , Kumar Mandal Pintu
Published: November 2024

Here, we present 3,4‐dicyano‐2,5,6‐trifluorophenyl glycosides as bench‐stable, and reactive electron‐deficient fluoroarene based glycosyl donors that can be prepared in one‐step and be activated with catalytic amounts of TMSOTf. The glycosylation reaction conditions show tolerance towards acid/base sensitive protecting groups and have a different substrate scope with 68–89% yields. The electron‐deficient fluoroarene‐containing glycosyl donor enables the construction of O‐ and C‐glycosides using both free alcohols and silylated alcohols, as well as C‐ nucleophiles as acceptors.
Phosphonamidates of Camphorsultam: Versatile Building Blocks for the Synthesis of P‐Chiral Phosphorous(V) Compounds
Authors: Yamamoto Yasutomo , Kambara Yurika , Matsumoto Ayase , Murata Miku , Nakamoto Mizuki , Ishiura Tomoe , Nakai Sakura , China Hideyasu , Watanabe Kenji , Miyawaki Akari , Matsuoka Junpei
Published: November 2024

Camphorsultam was utilized for the optical resolution of P‐chiral phosphorous compounds. After chromatographic separation of diastereomeric RP‐ and SP‐phosphonamidate intermediates, subsequent substitution reactions with phenol derivatives yielded P‐chiral phosphonic acid aryl esters with excellent enantioselectivities. In these processes, chiral sulfonamide of camphorsultam demonstrated superior abilities as an optical‐resolving agent and a good leaving group. This method was applied to the synthesis of P‐chiral phosphinic esters, phosphonamidates, and thiophosphonate diesters.
Sustainable Green Solvents for Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Meng Fanning , Cheng Long , Wang Fang , Chen Kaifei , Sun Zhiyan , Wang Guiqiang
Published: November 2024

Lead halide perovskites have revolutionized the field of optoelectronics and attracted worldwide attention due to their outstanding semiconducting characteristics. Meanwhile, solution processability and printability of the perovskite allow the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) profitable. However, deposition of the perovskite films usually uses polar aprotic solvents. The popular antisolvents are aromatics or aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons. All of them have a high risk of toxicity and flammability. To reduce the adverse effects on the environment and operators and enhance the sustainability of perovskite technologies, researchers have made lots of efforts to study sustainable green solvents. Herein, the selection criteria of green solvents are surveyed. Methods of solubility prediction of precursor solvents are comprehensively discussed from the perspectives of polarity and Lewis acid–base chemistry. The significance of antisolvent polarity and boiling point is emphasized. Research advances in green solvents are summarized. Finally, this review presents in‐depth insights into green‐solvent‐processable perovskites and highlights research directions for perovskite modules in the future. It lays a good foundation for the commercialization and sustainable development of PSCs.
A Chemically Defined Culture for Tooth Reconstitution
Authors: Zhang Ziwei , Hu Hong , Xu Zhiheng , Shan Ce , Chen Hanyi , Xie Kun , Wang Kun , Wang Yifu , Zhu Qing , Yin Yike , Cai Haoyang , Zhang Yunqiu , Li Zhonghan
Published: November 2024

It is known for decades that dental epithelium and mesenchyme can reconstitute and regenerate a functional tooth. However, the mechanism of tooth reconstitution remains largely unknown due to the lack of an efficient in vitro model. Here, a chemically defined culture system is established that supports tooth reconstitution, further development with normal anatomy, and prompt response to chemical interference in key developmental signaling pathways, termed as toothoids. By using such a system, it is discovered that, during reconstitution, instead of resetting the developmental clock, dental cells reorganized and restarted from the respective developmental stage where they are originally isolated. Moreover, co‐stimulation of Activin A and Hedgehog/Smoothened agonist (SAG) sustained the initial induction of tooth fate from the first branchial arch, which would be otherwise quickly lost in culture. Furthermore, activation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling triggered efficient enamel formation in the late‐stage toothoids, without affecting the normal development of ameloblasts. Together, these data highlight the toothoid culture as a powerful tool to dissect the molecular mechanisms of tooth reconstitution and regeneration.
Possible Superconductivity Transition in Nitrogen‐Doped Lutetium Hydride Observed at Megabar Pressure
Authors: Zhao Xingbin , Huang Yu , Ma Shuailing , Song Hao , Cao Yanwei , Jiang Hao , Huang Yanping , Cui Tian
Published: November 2024

The pursuit of room‐temperature superconductivity at an accessible synthetic pressure has been a long‐held dream for both theoretical and experimental physicists. Recently, a controversial report by Dasenbrock‐Gammon et al. claims that the nitrogen‐doped lutetium trihydride exhibits room‐temperature superconductivity at near‐ambient pressure. However, many researchers have failed to independently reproduce these results, which has sparked intense skepticism on this report. In this work, a LuH2±xNy sample is fabricated using high‐pressure and high‐temperature methods. The composition and structural characterization are the same as the aforementioned near‐ambient superconductor. In situ X‐ray diffraction investigations indicate that a high‐pressure phase transition toward Fmm‐LuH3±xNy occurred in the sample at 59 GPa. The temperature‐dependent resistance measurements reveal that two possible superconductivity transition are observed at 95 GPa, with Tc1 ≈6.5 K for high‐Tc phase and Tc2 ≈2.1 K for low‐Tc phase, arising from the disparate phases in the sample. Resistivity measurements in the Fmm‐LuH3±xNy phase under varying magnetic fields exhibited characteristics consistent with superconductivity, with an upper critical field μ0Hc2(0) of 3.3 T measured at 163 GPa. This work is expected to shed some light on the controversy surrounding superconductivity in the nitrogen‐doped lutetium hydride system.
Advancing Neural Networks: Innovations and Impacts on Energy Consumption
Authors: Fedorova Alina , Jovišić Nikola , Vallverdù Jordi , Battistoni Silvia , Jovičić Miloš , Medojević Milovan , Toschev Alexander , Alshanskaia Evgeniia , Talanov Max , Erokhin Victor
Published: November 2024

The energy efficiency of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems is a crucial and actual issue that may have an important impact on an ecological, economic and technological level. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are strongly suggested as valid candidates able to overcome Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in this specific contest. In this study, the proposal involves the review and comparison of energy consumption of the popular Artificial Neural Network architectures implemented on the CPU and GPU hardware compared with Spiking Neural Networks implemented in specialized memristive hardware and biological neural network human brain. As a result, the energy efficiency of Spiking Neural Networks can be indicated from 5 to 8 orders of magnitude. Some Spiking Neural Networks solutions are proposed including continuous feedback‐driven self‐learning approaches inspired by biological Spiking Neural Networks as well as pure memristive solutions for Spiking Neural Networks.
Ultrasound evaluation of peripheral intravenous catheter thrombus formation associated with intravenous flucloxacillin administration: A prospective observational pilot study
Authors: Bulmer Andrew C. , Nightingale Rachael , Hewage Wenu , Keijzers Gerben , Snelling Peter J.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to sonographically evaluate whether intravenous (IV) flucloxacillin administration was associated with an increased risk of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) thrombus formation.

Methods

This observational study included participants enrolled as a convenience sample from a larger prospective study of patients with cellulitis receiving IV antibiotics in the emergency department. Point‐of‐care ultrasound was used to evaluate the PIVCs for thrombus formation after insertion and at specified timepoints after IV administration of antibiotic or saline solution through to discharge. The primary endpoint included the presence and length of the thrombus in proximity of the catheter tip.

Results

Between May 2021 and June 2022, 25 participants were enrolled and received either IV flucloxacillin (n = 10), other IV antibiotics (n = 8) or no IV antibiotics (control; n = 7). PIVC thrombus formation was sonographically detected in 100%, 67% and 17% of patients in flucloxacillin, other and control groups at 6–12 h (flucloxacillin vs. control; P = 0.015), with a mean length of 17.4 ± 8.1 (flucloxacillin vs. control; P = 0.46), 15.5 ± 13.4 (other vs. control; P = 0.73) and 7.3 ± 17.9 mm (control), respectively. Thrombus formation increased significantly in the flucloxacillin group over time (0–>12 h; P = 0.03) but did not increase in the other or control groups.

Discussion

The administration of IV flucloxacillin appears to promote the formation of a PIVC thrombus visible on ultrasound, but the clinical implications are uncertain. Although the vast majority appear to be asymptomatic, they have the potential to become a precursor to thrombophlebitis and lead to early PIVC failure.

Conclusions

It was feasible to identify and measure PIVC thrombus sonographically. Ultrasound showed that IV flucloxacillin administration appeared to be associated with more frequent formation of PIVC thrombus, with these increasing in length over time. Further research is required to confirm these findings in larger studies and to identify any clinical implications of the findings.
Social factors associated with aspirin desensitization and diagnosis age in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Asthana Shravan , Workman Alan D. , Lerner David K. , Randell Rani M. , Lopez Dana F. , Kohanski Michael A. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. , Douglas Jennifer E. , Bosso John V.
Published: November 2024

Key points

Racial disparities influence the completion of aspirin (ASA) desensitization and ASA‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) diagnosis age.

Public insurance correlates with an official AERD diagnosis after age 50.

Social factors, including race and insurance status, impact AERD diagnosis and adherence to ASA desensitization.
Unwanted disorders and xenogeneic graft‐versus‐host disease in experimental immunodeficient mice: How to evaluate and how to report
Authors: Monzavi Seyed Mostafa , Muhammadnejad Samad , Mansouri Vahid , Ashraf Hami , Ahmadbeigi Naser
Published: November 2024

Human‐derived tumor models are essential for preclinical development of new anticancer drug entities. Generating animal models bearing tumors of human origin, such as patient‐derived or cell line–derived xenograft tumors, is dependent on immunodeficient strains. Tumor‐bearing immunodeficient mice are susceptible to developing unwanted disorders primarily irrelevant to the tumor nature; and if get involved with such disorders, reliability of the study results will be undermined, inevitably confounding the research in general. Therefore, a rigorous health surveillance and clinical monitoring system, along with the establishment of a strictly controlled barrier facility to maintain a pathogen‐free state, are mandatory. Even if all pathogen control and biosafety measures are followed, there are various noninfectious disorders capable of causing tissue and multiorgan damage in immunodeficient animals. Therefore, the researchers should be aware of sentinel signs to carefully monitor and impartially report them. This review discusses clinical signs of common unwanted disorders in experimental immunodeficient mice, and how to examine and report them.
Long‐Term Follow Up in Anti‐Contactin‐1 Autoimmune Nodopathy
Authors: Caballero‐Ávila Marta , Martín‐Aguilar Lorena , Pascual‐Goñi Elba , Michael Milou R. , Koel‐Simmelink Marleen J.A. , Höftberger Romana , Wanschitz Julia , Alonso‐Jiménez Alicia , Armangué Thais , Baars Adája Elisabeth , Carbayo Álvaro , Castek Barbara , Collet‐Vidiella Roger , De Winter Jonathan , del Real Maria Ángeles , Delmont Emilien , Diamanti Luca , Doneddu Pietro Emiliano , Hiew Fu Liong , Gallardo Eduard , Gonzalez Amaia , Grinzinger Susanne , Horga Alejandro , Iglseder Stephan , Jacobs Bart C. , Jauregui Amaia , Killestein Joep , Pozza Elisabeth Lindeck , Martínez‐Martínez Laura , Nobile‐Orazio Eduardo , Ortiz Nicolau , Pérez‐Pérez Helena , Poppert Kai‐Nicolas , Ripellino Paolo , Roche Jose Carlos , Rodriguez de Rivera Franscisco Javier , Rostasy Kevin , Sparasci Davide , Tejada‐Illa Clara , Teunissen Charlotte C.E. , Vegezzi Elisa , Xuclà‐Ferrarons Tomàs , Zach Fabian , Wieske Luuk , Eftimov Filip , Lleixà Cinta , Querol Luis
Published: November 2024

Objective

To analyze long‐term clinical and biomarker features of anti‐contactin‐1 (CNTN1) autoimmune nodopathy (AN).

Methods

Patients with anti‐CNTN1+ autoimmune nodopathy detected in our laboratory from which clinical information was available were included. Clinical features and treatment response were retrospectively collected. Autoantibody, serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL), and serum CNTN1 levels (sCNTN1) were analyzed at baseline and follow up.

Results

A total of 31 patients were included. Patients presented with progressive sensory motor neuropathy (76.7%) with proximal (74.2%) and distal involvement (87.1%), ataxia (71.4%), and severe disability (median INCAT at nadir of 8). A total of 11 patients (35%) showed kidney involvement. Most patients (97%) received intravenous immunoglobulin, but only 1 achieved remission with intravenous immunoglobulin. A total of 22 patients (71%) received corticosteroids, and 3 of them (14%) did not need further treatments. Rituximab was effective in 21 of 22 patients (95.5%), with most of them (72%) receiving a single course. Four patients (12.9%) relapsed after a median follow up of 25 months after effective treatment (12–48 months). Anti‐CNTN1 titers correlated with clinical scales at sampling and were negative after treatment in all patients, but 1 (20/21). sNfL levels were significantly higher and sCNTN1 significantly lower in anti‐CNTN1+ patients than in healthy controls (sNfL: 135.9 pg/ml vs 7.48 pg/ml, sCNTN1: 25.03 pg/ml vs 22,186 pg/ml, p < 0.0001). Both sNfL and sCNTN1 returned to normal levels after successful treatment.

Interpretation

Patients with anti‐CNTN1+ autoimmune nodopathy have a characteristic clinical profile. Clinical and immunological relapses are infrequent after successful treatment, suggesting that continuous treatment is unnecessary. Anti‐CNTN1 antibodies, sNfL, and sCNTN1 levels are useful to monitor disease status in these patients. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:529–541
Ultrafast Luminescence Detection with Selective Adsorption of Carbon Disulfide in a Gold(I) Metal−Organic Framework
Authors: Yoshino Haruka , Saigo Masaki , Ehara Takumi , Miyata Kiyoshi , Onda Ken , Pirillo Jenny , Hijikata Yuh , Takaishi Shinya , Kosaka Wataru , Otake Ken‐ichi , Kitagawa Susumu , Miyasaka Hitoshi
Published: November 2024

Although a widely used and important industrial chemical, carbon disulfide (CS2) poses a number of hazards due to its volatility and toxicity. As such, the development of multifunctional materials for the selective capture and easy recognition of CS2 is one of the crucial issues. Herein, we demonstrate completely selective CS2 adsorption among trials involving H2O, alcohols, volatile organic compounds (including thiol derivatives), N2, H2, O2, CH4, CO, NO, and CO2. We also showcase its fine detection using remarkable luminescent response in a gold(I)‐based metal−organic framework (MOF) of {ZnII(pz)[AuI(CN)2]2} (pz=pyrazine; 1) with a two‐fold interpenetration network. Ex situ single crystal X‐ray diffraction for 1 and CS2‐accommodated 1 suggested that the Au ⋅⋅⋅ Au atoms are not only luminescent centers but also act as interaction sites for CS2 modulating the Au ⋅⋅⋅ Au contacts. These experiments revealed the specificity of CS2 and how changes in the CS2‐induced structure. Based on the obtained structural transformation, 1 exhibited a sensitive detecting ability for CS2 with an ultrafast response time of less than 10 s. Moreover, ex situ time‐resolved photoluminescence analyses developed in this work implied that CS2 varied the energetic relaxation at the excited states related to the luminescent efficiency of the resultant MOF system.
Redox‐Neutral Carboxylation of Benzylic Tertiary C−H Bonds with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Li Jun‐Li , Zhang Shan‐Shan , Jiang Liang‐Liang , Li Hao‐Yuan , Zhu Can‐Ming , Yuan Pan‐Feng , Yang Zhao , Yang Xiu‐Long , Zhong Jian‐Ji , Meng Qing‐Yuan
Published: November 2024

The direct catalytic carboxylation of benzylic tertiary C−H bonds with CO2 for the synthesis of all‐carbon quaternary carboxylic acids represents a significant challenge. Here, we present a redox‐neutral approach to address this difficulty by leveraging the synergistic interplay between photocatalysis and cascade hydrogen abstraction cycles. Remarkably, this strategy eliminates the need for sacrificial electron donors, electron acceptors, or stoichiometric additives, offering enhanced atom economy and environmental sustainability. It is particular that the combination of α‐amino alkyl radicals with sulfur radicals generated in situ from the decomposition of DMSO was employed to realize the abstraction of benzylic tertiary C−H bonds. Our method enables the direct synthesis of a diverse array of benzylic quaternary carboxylic acids with excellent functional group tolerance as well as the derivatization of bioactive molecules and the gram‐scale synthesis of pharmaceuticals under mild reaction conditions.
Electrochemical Evaluation of Redox Active Cobalt‐Oxyquinolinate Complex Layered on Reduced Graphene Oxide for Hybrid Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Pandimadevi Lishavi S. , Thameem Ansari Mohamed Ali , Karthick Raja K. , Kumar Vivek , Chinnathambi V.
Published: November 2024

The redox active organometallic compounds are the prominent supercapacitor electrode materials due to the attractive properties like stable redox scheme, good electron transfer mediator, and low oxidation potential. The key advantage of the organometallic compounds is that the electronic property of the electrode can be modified by altering and functionalizing the ligands around the metal atom. In this work, we synthesized cobalt‐oxyquinolinate (Co‐Q) organometallic compound by solvothermal method. To improve the electrical conductivity, the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is grafted on Co‐Q. The electrochemical behaviour of Co‐Q is improved by the addition of RGO. The specific capacitance of Co‐Q layered on RGO is greater (1206 mF cm−2) than Co‐Q (670 mF cm−2) at current density of 1 mA cm−2. This is due to the increase in active sites after the incorporation of RGO on Co‐Q; further, this promotes the diffusion process. The fundamental electrochemical analyses, including cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge analysis, and electrochemical impedance analysis, provided the information about the electrochemical energy storage performance. Dunn's method is used to understand the diffusion and capacitive contributions of the electrode material during energy storage. From the electrochemical analysis, Co‐Q layered on RGO is a suitable material for the energy storage application due to its high diffusion and stability.
Dielectric Properties of Pristine and Green‐Synthesized Hematite Nanomaterials Vis‐À‐Vis Their Dependence on Porosity and Particle Size
Authors: Sarkar Toton , Kundu Sani , Bhattacharjee Ashis
Published: November 2024

Hematite is obtained using different concentrations of P. tuberosa flower extract. XRD and Raman studies confirm the formation of nanometric size (20–30 nm) and the corundum structure. Particle size depends on the extent of flower extract used for synthesis. Frequency and temperature dependent dielectric constant, dielectric loss, ac/dc conductivity and electric modulus have been explored. Large dielectric constant values (6 × 103−40 × 103) at low frequency under room temperature are observed. Dielectric constant () depends on frequency, temperature, particle size and porosity. The nature of the frequency dependence of can be explained with the help of the Maxwell‐Wagner‐Koop's theory. Correlation between particle size and dielectric constant is attributed to significant lattice distortion resulting from reduced grain size. AC conductivity is analyzed with Jonscher's power law, and correlated‐barrier‐hopping type of conduction mechanism is proposed in these nanomaterials. Temperature dependence of DC conductivity confirms semiconducting behavior of hematite. Investigation into the electric modulus reveals that both electrical conduction and dielectric polarization are governed by a common mechanism. Present study explores into the process of crystal growth influenced by the plant extract and examines its impact on the dielectric property.
Ubiquitin‐Independent Degradation: An Emerging PROTAC Approach?
Authors: Li Tiantian , Hogenhout Saskia A. , Huang Weijie
Published: November 2024

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) has emerged as a highly promising approach for eliminating disease‐associated proteins in the field of drug discovery. Among the most advanced TPD technologies, PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC), functions by bringing a protein of interest (POI) into proximity with an E3 ubiquitin ligase, leading to ubiquitin (Ub)‐dependent proteasomal degradation. However, the designs of most PROTACs are based on the utilization of a limited number of available E3 ligases, which significantly restricts their potential. Recent studies have shown that phytoplasmas, a group of bacterial plant pathogens, have developed several E3‐ and ubiquitin‐independent proteasomal degradation (UbInPD) mechanisms for breaking down host targets. This suggests an alternative approach for substrate recruitment and TPD. Here, we present existing evidence that supports the feasibility of UbInPD in eukaryotic cells and propose candidate proteins that can serve as docking sites for the development of E3‐independent PROTACs.
AtLEC2‐Mediated Enhancement of Endoplasmic Reticulum‐Targeted Foreign Protein Synthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves: Insights From Transcriptomic Analysis
Authors: Ocampo Carolina G. , Vignolles Florencia , Pombo Marina A. , Colombo Maria Laura , Rosli Hernan G. , Petruccelli Silvana
Published: November 2024

Many proteins used in industrial and pharmaceutical applications are typically synthesized within the secretory pathway. While yeast and mammalian cells have been engineered to enhance the production of endomembrane‐targeted proteins, similar strategies in plant cells remain underexplored. This study investigates the potential of arabidopsis leafy cotyledon 2 (AtLEC2), a key regulator of seed development, to enhance the production of proteins targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Through transient expression experiments, we demonstrate that AtLEC2 selectively increases the production of ER‐targeted GUS without affecting its cytosolic variant. Moreover, leaves agroinfiltrated with AtLEC2 show a significant increase in ER‐GFP accumulation compared to controls lacking AtLEC2. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that AtLEC2 promotes ribosome and chloroplast biogenesis, along with the upregulation of genes involved in photosynthesis, translation, and membrane synthesis. Notably, seed‐specific poly(A) binding proteins involved in RNA stability and translation initiation, as well as 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase—linked to ER hypertrophy—are highly upregulated. This study establishes a novel connection between AtLEC2 and the enhancement of ER‐targeted foreign protein synthesis, paving the way for innovative strategies in plant cellular engineering.
ISO 9001 Certification and Organizational Performance Among Manufacturing Companies: A Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Ayyadi Ismail , Oulhadj Badia
Published: November 2024

Industrial enterprises are pivotal in the socio‐economic landscape, yet navigating the economic and non‐economic facets of modern organizational performance presents a considerable challenge. This article embarks on a systematic literature review to probe the question: Does ISO 9001 certification play a role in mitigating the complexities of organizational performance in industrial enterprises? To address this objective, we adopted the systematic literature review protocol delineated by Petticrew and Roberts (2006). A comprehensive analysis encompassed 94 primary studies spanning 60 contexts, conducted over the period from 2000 to 2023. The findings indicate that the efficacy of ISO 9001 certification is contingent upon the extent of its direct and indirect influence on the various dimensions of organizational performance. Furthermore, the motivations for embracing this international standard, coupled with the organizational perception of the QMS, are pivotal factors. Based on these insights, we have proposed a theoretical model and formulated recommendations aimed at refining the scope and impact of future research endeavors.
Will more multinational corporations inflow approach closer toward carbon neutrality? Novel propensity score matching‐difference‐in‐difference evidence across 35 developing countries
Authors: Ali Sajjad , Ghimire Amogh , Long Xingle , Chen Lili
Published: November 2024

This paper mainly investigates the roles of multinational corporations (MNCs) inflow on carbon neutrality across 35 developing countries. First, we testify the role of MNCs inflow on carbon neutrality. Next, we compare the heterogenous effects of the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement on CO2 emissions. Third, this study employs the propensity score matching (PSM) difference‐in‐difference (DID) with relatively higher internal validity to evaluate the policy shock impacts of the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement. Furthermore, we also explore the impact of trade competitiveness on CO2 emissions to verify the structure, technique, and scale effects of international trade. Finally, we also analyze how human capital impacts CO2 emissions from the perspective of endogenous growth, departing from exogenous growth. The findings indicate that MNCs inflow has mixed effect on CO2 emissions, due to pollution haven and halo effect. Kyoto Protocol increased CO2 emissions, whereas Paris Agreement decreased CO2 emissions. Human capital decreased CO2 emissions according to the DID model, suggesting its crucial role in achieving carbon neutrality through endogenous growth mechanisms. Renewable energy consumption reduced CO2 emissions, highlighting the importance of sustainable energy practices. Urbanization decreased more CO2 emissions in the model of Paris Agreement over that of Kyoto Protocol. Trade competitiveness exhibits mixed effects on CO2 emissions. It is better to facilitate the cleaner MNCs inflow across developing countries, aiming to decrease cross‐border pollution.
Lichen and Its Microbiome as an Untapped Source of Anti‐Biofilm Compounds
Authors: Millot Marion , Imbert Christine , Pouget Christelle , Girardot Marion , Mambu Lengo
Published: November 2024

Lichen substances have been first described in the 1870s, and around 10 000 compounds have been isolated and characterized. Most of them have been evaluated for their activity on planktonic microorganisms (bacteria and fungi). More recently, microorganisms colonizing the lichen thallus have been isolated and identified using DNA sequencing, giving access to a wide diversity of culturable microorganisms. The increasing research in lichen‐associated microbiomes in recent years has emphasized a wide range of metabolites as a potential source of bioactive compounds. In parallel, humans are facing microbial resistance to conventional antimicrobial drugs. One of the reasons is the biofilm lifestyle of microorganisms. Indeed, the aggregation of microbial communities inside biofilms is now well known and characterized, and some possible ways to fight and destroy biofilms are identified (quorum sensing inhibitors, etc.). The present review aims to summarize the anti‐biofilm potential of lichen metabolites and those from their associated microorganisms (bacteria and/or fungi). Are the metabolites isolated from lichens and their associated fungi displaying any anti‐biofilm activity? This literature synthesis highlights the metabolites of interest as new anti‐biofilm drugs and shows the lack of current biological research dealing with biofilm and lichen metabolites. Acetone and ethyl acetate extracts are the most studied sources of anti‐biofilm agents. Only two lichen metabolites, usnic acid and evernic acid, have been evaluated both as antifungal and antibacterial biofilm compounds. Terpenoids from lichens are still poorly explored for this activity.