bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of printing parameters on the properties of 316L stainless steel fabricated by fused filament fabrication
Authors: Chen Run , Zhao Qixin , Wang Sisi , Hu Zhonglue , Dong Weiping , Li Xiping , E Shiju , Wang Linlin
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to explore the impact of printing parameters, specifically raster angle and layer thickness, on the microstructure and mechanical properties of green and sintered parts produced through filament-based fused filament fabrication (FFF) using a self-developed filament. The goal is to improve the quality and performance of the final sintered components.

Design/methodology/approach

A filament containing 92 Wt.% 316L stainless steel with polyoxymethylene (POM)-based binder was formulated and evaluated for flexibility through a buckling resistance test. Green parts were printed with varying raster angles (+45°/−45°, 0°/90°) and layer thicknesses (0.2 mm, 0.3 mm), followed by catalytic debinding and high-temperature sintering. Microstructure, dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties, including microhardness, tensile strength and elongation at break, were analyzed to identify optimal parameters.

Findings

A raster angle of (+45°/−45°) produced denser interlayer bonding and a more compact green part structure, whereas a thicker layer (0.3 mm) resulted in a looser structure with larger pores. The optimal combination of +45°/−45° raster angle and 0.2 mm layer thickness achieved the highest relative density (99.37%) and superior mechanical properties: microhardness (216.83 HV), tensile strength (467.59 MPa) and elongation at break (16.81%).

Originality/value

A 92 Wt.% 316L stainless-steel filament for FFF was independently developed and near dense steel components were successfully fabricated. This study provides new insight into developing a novel formula of filament and optimizing printing parameters for FFF technology.
Preparation of copper/binder composites and fused filament fabrication process
Authors: Guan Jieren , Luo Shuhu , Kan Xinfeng , Chen Chao , Wang Qiuping
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of fused filament fabrication (FFF) printing parameters on the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of FFF-fabricated copper green parts using the appropriate filaments. The orthogonal experiments were implemented and the errors in length, width and height were measured and analyzed. The results of range analysis and variance analysis indicated the orders of effect factors. Dissolvent debinding combined with thermal debinding was adopted to remove the binders inside the green part by calculating debinding rate. The influence mechanism of sintering temperatures on the microstructure and shrinkage was elaborated.

Design/methodology/approach

The extrusion-based FFF in manufacturing copper parts can overcome shortcomings for high reflectivity and heat dissipation in laser powder bed fusion process at cost-saving and materials saving. This study makes an attempt to prepare copper/binder composite filaments through mixing, extrusion and flowability evaluation.

Findings

The results showed that the suitable composite filaments applied for FFF should balance rigidity and plasticity. The combination of printing speed and heating temperature impacts on the surface quality significantly, and the major factor in determining the dimensional accuracy is layer thickness. Two-stage debinding procedure was beneficial for binder removal and sintering process. The higher sintering temperature results in less voids, sizes shrinkage and densified microstructure, which is attributed to the occurrence of sintering neck among the fused copper powders.

Originality/value

The self-prepared copper/binder composite filaments were successfully manufactured using the FFF process. This study provides unique approach and print guidance for fabricating complex structures of pure copper components.
Unveiling the consequences of perceived greenwash among youth: a focus on the moderating role of environmental knowledge
Authors: Sinha Ranendra , Annamdevula Subrahmanyam
Published: February 2025

Purpose

When a company practices greenwashing, it breaks consumers’ trust by purposefully misleading them about its environmental practices or the benefits of its products/services. This study aims to contribute to the literature by testing the effect of perceived greenwash on green purchase intention through green trust, green perceived value and green skepticism. Furthermore, the study introduces environmental knowledge as a moderator in the relationship between perceived greenwash and three attitudinal factors by integrating the theory of cognitive dissonance and information asymmetry as a foundational framework.

Design/methodology/approach

The descriptive hypo-deductive research design was adopted to test the proposed model. This study performed survey research with a structured questionnaire. A sample of 432 responses was collected from youth living in India using a purposive sampling method. The validity and reliability of the model were tested using structural equation modeling, and moderation and mediation effects were examined using process macro.

Findings

The results support the mediation role of three attitudinal factors between perceived greenwash and green purchase intention. Furthermore, the moderation effect of environmental knowledge was significant between perceived greenwash and attitudinal factors, except between perceived greenwash and perceived green value.

Practical implications

This research offers valuable insights into the role of environmental knowledge and its moderating influence on shaping attitudes toward green purchase intentions. This study highlights green buying as an obscure risk, impacted by factors such as green trust, green perceived value, green skepticism and, ultimately, perceived greenwash. The proposed research framework carries significant implications for comprehending the underlying drivers of green purchase intentions, advocating for a strategic emphasis on truthful, transparent and verifiable communication by companies.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing knowledge base by delving into and examining the mediating and moderating factors influencing green purchase intentions, which was less emphasized in prior literature, especially within the context of India. The research provides empirical insights, establishes a theoretical consensus and unveils novel perspectives for reconsidering the intricate dynamics among environmental knowledge, perceived greenwash and diverse dimensions of green perceived value in the realm of sustainable products.
A new cybersecurity risk assessment framework for the hospitality industry: techniques and methods for enhanced data protection and threat mitigation
Authors: Pipyros Kosmas , Liasidou Sotiroula
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to emphasize the importance of cybersecurity in the hospitality industry and to propose a particular cybersecurity framework of best practices and techniques to mitigate vulnerabilities and prevent cyberattacks in hotels.

Design/methodology/approach

Exploratory research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with hotel managers. The interview content enables the retrieval of real-case cybersecurity incidents, identifies hotels’ vulnerabilities and suggests a new methodological approach to conduct risk assessment in the hospitality industry to mitigate threats and ensure cybersecurity and data protection.

Findings

Research results show that hotels need to prioritize cybersecurity and limit cyber threats. To achieve this, hotels must develop effective risk assessment methods and mechanisms followed by implementing the necessary technical and organizational measures to mitigate threats and vulnerabilities, prevent malicious cyberattacks and ensure information security.

Originality/value

This research highlights a new methodological approach to perform effective risk assessment in the hospitality industry as well as a framework of cybersecurity methods and techniques to implement effective controls and mitigate cybersecurity risks.
Mining differentially expressed genes in Fagus crenata seedlings in response to short‐term soil drought stress
Authors: Torimaru Takeshi , Ao Hinako , Akaji Yasuaki , Akada Shinji , Ohmiya Yasunori , Matsuda Yosuke , Kisanuki Hiromitsu , Tomaru Nobuhiro
Published: February 2025

We analyzed the transcriptional response of current‐year Fagus crenata (beech) seedling leaves after exposure to short‐term drought. Following well‐watered and water‐stressed treatments, we mapped the RNA‐seq reads from the sampled leaves and identified 127 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 89 were upregulated and 38 downregulated in water‐stressed plants. Several dozen upregulated DEGs were predicted to encode proteins that facilitate mitigating processes or help avoid the adverse effects caused by drought stress, including stomatal closure, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation and response, and accumulation of osmoprotectants. The functional category of sulfate assimilation was enriched in upregulated DEGs, although there was also evidence of sulfur deficiency. These results suggest the existence of molecular mechanisms in beech that are common to other plant species, representing an acclimation response to drought stress as well as sulfur metabolism under drought stress conditions.
Enhancing Tenebrio molitor Larvae Growth and Nutrition: The Potential of Wheat Bran and Coffee Grounds Blends
Authors: Lee Sung‐Hoon , Choi Sung‐Up
Published: February 2025

Coffee grounds, a solid residue left after coffee extraction, are often discarded in landfills or incinerated, posing environmental concerns. To promote sustainability, this study explores the potential use of coffee grounds as a feed source for Tenebrio molitor (TM) larvae. The growth performance, survival rates, and nutritional properties of TM larvae were evaluated using three feed groups: wheat bran, coffee grounds, and a blend of the two. TM larvae (2 g of 3rd instar per group) were randomly assigned to one of three treatments in a completely randomized design: (1) 100 g wheat bran, (2) 100 g of a wheat bran and coffee grounds blend, or (3) 100 g coffee grounds. Results revealed that the blend of wheat bran and coffee grounds yielded the highest growth and survival rates, followed by wheat bran, with coffee grounds alone showing the least favorable outcomes. Nutritional analysis indicated that larvae fed on the blended diet exhibited enhanced crude protein content and reduced crude fat compared to larvae fed on wheat bran or coffee grounds alone. These findings suggest that the blend of wheat bran and coffee grounds serves as a promising feed additive for TM larvae, improving growth, survival, and nutritional quality while supporting the sustainable use of coffee byproducts.
Dynamic changes in microbial communities during sweet flour sauce fermentation and their correlations with physicochemical properties and volatile compounds
Authors: Sang Ziqing , Xie Qiang , Chen Chen , Luo Dan , Xue Wentong
Published: February 2025

Sweet flour sauce is a traditional fermented condiment in China, known for its distinct sweet and savory flavor profile. During the fermentation process, the dominant bacterial genera were Ralstonia and Bacillus, and the dominant fungal genera were Aspergillus, Issatchenkia, Clavispora, and Zygosaccharomyces. In addition, total acidity (TA) and amino acid nitrogen (AAN) in different fermentation stages were determined by the acidometer titration method, and reducing sugar (RS) was determined by the 3,5‐dinitrosalicylic acid method. The correlation network revealed TA, RS, and AAN were closely related to multiple microorganisms. TA showed significant positive correlations with Gluconobacter, Candida, and Clavispora. RS was positively correlated with Geotrichum, and AAN was positively correlated with Methylobacterium‐Methylorubrum and Zygosaccharomyces. Correlation network analysis was also conducted to show the significant correlations among 2 bacterial genera, 9 fungal genera, and 16 characteristic volatile compounds. In general, the relationships between fungus and volatiles were more significant, with a wide range of yeasts exerting significant functions in forming flavor compounds, whereas most bacteria were negatively correlated with volatiles. Among fungi, Clavispora and Meyerozyma were positively associated with furfural, methional, 5‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐2‐hexenal, 2‐isopropyl‐5‐methylhex‐2‐enal, and benzeneacetaldehyde. Zygosaccharomyces exhibited strong correlations with acetic acid, 2‐furanmethanol, phenylethyl alcohol, and 2‐methyl‐1‐butanol. These findings can be used to better understand and manage the fermentation process, making it possible to improve the quality of sweet flour sauce by enriching key microorganisms.

Practical Application

During the fermentation of sweet flour sauce, the metabolic activities of microbial communities exerted an important function in forming unique sensory and nutritional properties. These findings revealed significant correlations among microorganisms, vital physicochemical indices, and key volatiles, providing a theoretical foundation for regulating the fermentation process, enhancing product qualities, and developing functional strains.
Effects of temperature on the physicochemical properties and total phenolic content of red and green chilies during postharvest storage
Authors: Mohd Akbar Siti Suhaila , Azmie Nur Aina Atiqah , Mohd Ali Maimunah
Published: February 2025

Chilies are usually packed and stored after harvesting for sale, which can result in quality loss and affect the edibility of the product. This study aimed to determine the effect of temperature on the physicochemical properties of red and green chilies during postharvest storage at three different temperatures (0, 5, and 25°C). The physicochemical analysis of chilies was conducted for 9 days to determine color changes, texture, pH, total soluble solids, and total phenolic content (TPC). All test data were statistically analyzed using two‐way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between physicochemical properties and the TPC. The study found that the TPC values decreased significantly at all temperatures for both red and green chilies. At 5°C, the TPC values were 3.42 mg GAE/g extract and 2.23 mg GAE/g extract for red and green chilies, respectively. The red chilies showed the lowest values of texture and TPC at 0°C, indicating poor preservation. The green chilies at 0°C had higher TPC values (4.74 mg GAE/g extract) but suffered from high firmness loss, whereas 25°C led to microbial growth. Therefore, the overall quality and market acceptability of both red and green chilies were ideal at 5°C due to better preservation of physical appearance. In conclusion, the ideal storage condition at 5°C can reduce qualitative and postharvest losses of red and green chilies by maintaining better texture and acceptable TPC values.
Alkaloid profile of Italian alpine milk
Authors: Nardin Tiziana , Piasentier Edi , Romanzin Alberto , Martinelli Francesca , Larcher Roberto
Published: February 2025

This study examines the alkaloid profiles in alpine milk. Alkaloids could pose a health concern but also prove interesting from a geographic traceability perspective. Over three consecutive days, 48 daily milk samples were collected from 16 lactating cows grazing on two alpine pastures in Northeast Italy, with 8 cows from each pasture. Simultaneously, alpine herbs selecting by the cows during grazing were collected using the hand‐plucking technique. Additionally, 12 milk mass samples were obtained from an entire herd of 110 cows. Liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry was employed to analyze both herbage and milk samples, identifying 41 alkaloids with pure standards and putatively identifying another 116. The results revealed a transfer of 0.4% for pyrrolizidine alkaloids, 2.7% for indole alkaloids, and 12% for steroidal alkaloids from herbs to milk. A partial least squares—discriminant analysis model based on the alkaloid profiles achieved a correct reclassification of 67% of milk samples from cows grazing on the two distinct pastures. Despite the minimal transfer, which should be considered positive in terms of health, it opens the door to interesting studies on the use of alkaloids as traceability markers for mountain products.

Practical Application

The study provides a novel perspective interaction between alpine grazing systems and milk composition. This research could be useful for enhancing mountain pasture products in terms of healthiness and can help prevent fraud on the declaration of origin.
High‐intensity ultrasound‐assisted extraction for functionalized pistachio meal protein concentrate
Authors: Yildiz Semanur , Karabulut Gulsah , Sıçramaz Hatice
Published: February 2025

The residues left over from cold‐pressing oilseeds and fruits offer a promising source of plant proteins, serving as an alternative resource within the circular economy framework. This research aims to develop protein concentrates (PCs) from pistachio meal with enhanced functional properties using ultrasound ‐assisted extraction (UAE). A response surface methodology was employed to optimize UAE considering power (200–600 W), time (5–25 min), and pH (8–11). Through a Box–Behnken experimental design, the optimal extraction conditions were determined as 595 W, pH 11, and 19 min, targeting maximal protein extraction yield (R2: 0.9359, desirability of 0.993). Under these ideal conditions, UAE achieved higher protein extraction yield (51%), compared to the conventional alkaline extraction (AE) (39%). Protein recovery rate increased from 33.1% to 44% by UAE. PCs obtained through the AE (PC‐AE) and optimal UAE (PC‐UAE) were evaluated for their functional, structural, and morphological properties. UAE significantly improved the emulsion activity index of the PC‐UAE by 34.9% (p < 0.05), whereas solubility and foaming activity showed slight increases compared to PC‐AE (p > 0.05). US‐induced size reduction as observed by smaller and irregular particles in morphological analysis. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy spectra, analyzed using a curve‐fitting approach on the second derivative, revealed hidden peaks that highlighted changes in the secondary structure of the PCs, including slight shifts in characteristic wavenumbers and variations in the proportional amounts of β‐sheet, α‐helix, and random coil structures. This study demonstrated that UAE achieved similar protein purity as AE while producing larger quantities through higher recovery of proteins with improved functional properties.

Practical Application

Ultrasound‐assisted alkaline extraction significantly boosts protein extraction yield and recovery from pistachio meal and enhances functional properties (especially emulsion activity) of the extracted proteins. These improvements make the UAE protein concentrates suitable for applications in food formulations, such as plant‐based beverages and emulsified products. UAE offers a sustainable approach to valorize oilseed residues in the context of circular economy.
Laminaria japonica polysaccharide protects against liver and kidney injury in diabetes mellitus through the AhR/CD36 pathway
Authors: Xue Tao , Chen Xiaoxue , Wang Jiacai , Zhang Bo , Sun Yanlei , Xin Jie , Shao Fengli , Li Xinpeng
Published: February 2025

The lipid accumulation associated with diabetes causes continuous liver and kidney damage. Laminaria japonica polysaccharide (fucoidan) has been shown to regulate the disorder in lipid metabolism caused by diabetes. Herein, we established a diabetes mellitus (DM) rat model through a high‐fat and high‐sugar diet combined with streptozotocin. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect serum lipid content, and hematoxylin and eosin, Masson, periodic acid‐silver‐methenamine, and Oil Red O staining were used to observe changes in the structure of the kidney and liver, including fibrosis and lipid accumulation. We confirmed that fucoidan could ameliorate renal injury, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rat models. Metabolomics analysis demonstrated that amino acid metabolism is an important process. We further demonstrated a novel role of fucoidan in regulating kidney and liver lipid metabolism through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)‐mediated CD36 signaling pathway. Similar results were found in DM rats treated with an AhR inhibitor, as well as in those treated with a combination of both an AhR inhibitor and fucoidan. Importantly, we observed a higher expression of AhR/CD36 in the kidneys and liver of rats with DM, and the level of AhR/CD36 correlated with lipid accumulation and kidney function, suggesting that AhR/CD36 signaling could be a promising therapeutic target for fucoidan in treating lipid metabolism in DM.

Practical Application

As the main component of Laminaria japonica, fucoidan has excellent antioxidant properties and protective effects against liver and kidney damage in diabetes mellitus. It can play a protective role in the daily diet of diabetic patients. Alternatively, it could be developed as a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of diabetes.
The Impact of Immune‐Related Adverse Event Severity on Prognosis in Elderly Patients With Nonsmall‐Cell Lung Cancer in First‐Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment
Authors: Miyamoto Ippei , Shimizu Tetsuo , Hanamura Mizuki , Mizuno Yu , Nakayama Ryota , Kusahana Ryo , Nomoto Masayuki , Nakagawa Yoshiko , Gon Yasuhiro
Published: February 2025

Background

Recently, the treatment needs of elderly lung cancer patients have become comparable with those of younger patients. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of first‐line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in elderly patients with nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), stratified by immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) severity, and identified key prognostic factors.

Methods

This retrospective study targeted patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC who received ICI therapy as first‐line treatment between April 2017 and March 2023.

Result

Of the 138 patients enrolled in this study, 81 and 57 patients were classified into the elderly (aged 70 and above) and nonelderly (under 70 years old) groups, respectively. Severe irAEs were significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) in the elderly group (severe irAEs vs. others, 9.9 vs. 24.7 months; p = 0.043) and favorable OS in nonelderly group (severe irAEs vs. others, NR [not reached] vs. 21.0 months, p = 0.026). The OS of patients with severe irAEs was significantly worse in the elderly group than in the nonelderly group (elderly group vs. nonelderly group, 9.9 vs. NR months, p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, mild irAEs were associated with a favorable prognosis in elderly patients (hazard ratio, 0.446; p = 0.032).

Conclusion

Severe irAEs demonstrated different outcomes in elderly and nonelderly patients. Contrastingly, mild irAEs were associated with a favorable prognosis in elderly patients, emphasizing the need for appropriate patient selection, early intervention for irAEs and new tools to accurately predict irAE severity in elderly patients.
Stage IIIA Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment and Outcomes: A Single Institution Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Duan Richard , Kwan Michelle , Kordon Avram , Hu Carolyn J. , Vanjani Nisheka , Liu Yingzhe , Thomas Tarita O. , Gupta Divya , Patel Jyoti , Yadav Poonam , Abazeed Mohamed E. , Sun Zequn , Gharzai Laila A.
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Stage III non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment remains challenging, with a multitude of treatment options available. We assessed Stage IIIA NSCLC outcomes by treatment received.

Methods

We performed a single‐institution retrospective review of NSCLC patients with Stage IIIA disease treated January 01, 2010—March 01, 2022. Demographics, treatments, outcomes, and failure patterns were collected. Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Failure patterns were assessed for differences using chi‐square analysis.

Results

Of 270 Stage III NSCLC patients, 134 had Stage IIIA disease with a median follow‐up of 29.9 months and a median age of 66 years (IQR 60–75). 66 (49.3%) patients were male, and 105 (78.4%) were current/former smokers (with 30 median pack‐years). Patients were treated with definitive radiation with/without chemotherapy (CRT; n = 77, 57.5%), surgery with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation (Neoadj; n = 42, 31.3%), and surgery without neoadjuvant therapy (Surg; n = 15, 11.2%). Median PFS was 25.4 months (95% CI 12.5–42.6) for CRT, 22.6 months (95% CI 12.2–44.4) for Neoadj, and 22.8 months (95% CI 5.2‐NA) for Surg with no significant intergroup difference (p = 0.99). Median OS was 57.0 months (95% CI 37.4–77.5) for CRT, 51.5 months (95% CI 36.7–65.5) for Neoadj, and 35.3 months (95% CI 16.8‐NR) for Surg with no significant intergroup difference (p = 0.99).

Conclusions

In this single institution retrospective study, we find no significant differences in PFS, OS, and failure patterns between patients with Stage IIIA NSCLC treated with definitive (chemo)radiation and surgery with or without neoadjuvant therapy. Further work in the immunotherapy era is needed.
Hospitalize or discharge the emergency department patient with syncope? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of direct evidence for SAEM GRACE
Authors: Allen Robert , deSouza Ian S. , Wakai Abel , Richards Rebekah , Ardilouze Amelie , Dunne Eric , Rovic Isidora , Benabbas Roshanak , Zehtabchi Shariar , Sinert Richard
Published: February 2025

Background

Syncope is a frequent reason for hospitalization from the emergency department (ED), but the benefit of hospitalization is unclear. This systematic review and meta‐analysis (SRMA) aims to cohere and synthesize the best current evidence regarding the potential benefit of hospitalization for ED syncope patients for developing an evidence‐based ED syncope management guideline.

Methods

We conducted a SRMA according to the patient–intervention–control–outcome (PICO) framework: In patients 16 years of age or older who present to the ED with syncope (population), does hospitalization (intervention) or direct ED discharge (comparison) improve short‐term outcomes (outcome)? The primary outcome was a composite of all adverse events as defined by individual studies, up to 30 days. Two reviewers independently assessed articles for inclusion and methodological quality. We measured heterogeneity among included studies with I‐squared statistic and used GRADE criteria to assess the quality of evidence.

Results

Our search strategy identified 2140 publications and included 18 publications (510,545 participants) in the analysis. All studies reported higher rates of adverse events in hospitalized patients (0.7%–43.8%) compared to discharged patients (0%–3.7%). Our meta‐analysis detected considerable statistical heterogeneity. The GRADE assessment for all adverse events and all‐cause mortality revealed risk ratios of >5 favoring ED discharge for both outcomes at a median follow‐up of 30 days. However, point estimates are limited by serious risk of bias, inconsistency, imprecision, indirectness, and publication bias.

Conclusions

Due to the uncertainty of the available evidence, this SRMA's findings do not support a recommendation for or against hospitalizing patients presenting to ED with syncope. However, discharging low‐risk patients with syncope from the ED is associated with a low risk of short‐term adverse events.
Circular and spherical projected Cauchy distributions: A novel framework for directional data modelling
Authors: Tsagris M. , Alzeley O.
Published: February 2025

We introduce a novel family of projected distributions on the circle and the sphere, called the circular and spherical projected Cauchy distributions, as promising alternatives for modelling circular and spherical data. The circular distribution encompasses the wrapped Cauchy distribution as a special case while featuring a more convenient parameterisation. We also propose a generalised wrapped Cauchy distribution that includes an extra parameter, enhancing the fit of the distribution. In the spherical context, we impose two conditions on the scatter matrix of the Cauchy distribution, resulting in an elliptically symmetric distribution. Our projected distributions exhibit attractive properties such as a closed‐form normalising constant and straightforward random value generation. The distribution parameters can be estimated using maximum likelihood, and we assess their bias through numerical studies. Further, we compare our proposed distributions with existing models with real datasets, demonstrating equal or superior fitting both with and without covariates.
Can teacher ostracism be prevented? Exploring how empowering leadership can mitigate teacher ostracism through work engagement
Authors: Uslukaya Alper
Published: February 2025

Aim

Using the job demands‐resources model, this study theorizes the negative longitudinal relationship between empowering leadership and teacher ostracism, both directly and through work engagement.

Method

For this purpose, data collected in three waves at four‐month intervals from 473 teachers (51.6% women; mean age = 42.26) working in schools at different levels in the centre of Elazığ province, eastern Turkey, during the 2022–2023 academic year were used. The relationships between the variables were analysed using a cross‐lagged panel model with latent variables.

Results

The findings showed that empowering leadership positively related to work engagement and negatively related to teacher ostracism. Work engagement, in turn, is negatively related to teacher ostracism. Additionally, empowering leadership was found to be negatively related to teacher ostracism through work engagement.

Conclusion

These results suggest that empowering leadership may be a crucial factor in preventing teacher ostracism, both directly and by enhancing employee engagement. The article concludes by discussing the theoretical contributions of the findings and presenting practical implications to help mitigate the risk of teacher ostracism.
Mixed oligopoly and raising rivals' costs
Authors: Fjell Kenneth , Heywood John S. , Pal Debashis
Published: February 2025

We show that the presence of a welfare maximizing public firm in an oligopoly guarantees that no firm has an incentive to raise the costs of domestic private rivals. This represents another example of regulation by participation. There remains an incentive to raise the costs of the public firm and of foreign private rivals. We also explore which firms are most likely to have their costs raised and which firms are most likely to raise rivals' costs.
Low‐Dose Versus High‐Dose Lenvatinib in Radioiodine Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer—A Real‐World Safety and Efficacy Analysis
Authors: Moulika Jeepalem Sai , Chandekar Kunal Ramesh , Ravindra Shubha Gadde , G B Priyanka , Ballal Sanjana , Tripathi Madhavi , Satapathy Swayamjeet , Bal Chandrasekhar
Published: February 2025

Objective

Lenvatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR‐DTC) at a dose of 24 mg/day. Given its significant toxicity profile, the present study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of initial low‐dose lenvatinib to that of higher starting doses in patients with RR‐DTC.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients with RR‐DTC who were classified as: Group‐A: patients receiving 10mg/day, and Group‐B: patients receiving ≥ 14mg/day of lenvatinib as starting dose. Safety, radiological response (as per RECIST 1.1) and progression‐free survival (PFS) outcomes were analysed and compared.

Results

A total of 105 patients with RR‐DTC were included in this study (Group‐A: 60, Group‐B: 45). The study found that Group‐B experienced significantly higher rates of drug interruptions (68.9% vs 48.3%, p = 0.035) and dose reductions (60% vs 11.7%; p < 0.001) compared to Group‐A. Adverse events such as hand‐foot skin reaction (77.8% vs 58.3%), diarrhea (28.9% vs 11.7%), hepatotoxicity (33.3–40% vs 11.7–18.3%), and electrolyte imbalance (15.6% vs 3.3%) were also more frequent in Group‐B (p‐values < 0.05). However, both groups showed similar objective response rates (47.1% vs 46.3%; p = 0.936) and comparable PFS outcomes (restricted mean survival time at 24 months: 22.8 vs 21.4 months, p = 0.128).

Conclusions

The study suggests that starting with lower doses of lenvatinib, followed by dose escalation if tolerated, may offer a safer approach with significantly lower rates of drug interruptions and dose reductions, with comparable efficacy in RR‐DTC patients. Further validation by larger prospective trials is warranted.
Use and misuse of trait imputation in ecology: the problem of using out‐of‐context imputed values
Authors: Gorné Lucas Damián , Aguirre-Gutiérrez Jesús , Souza Fernanda C. , Swenson Nathan G. , Kraft Nathan Jared Boardman , Schwantes Marimon Beatriz , Baker Timothy R. , Ferreira de Lima Renato A. , Vilanova Emilio , Álvarez-Dávila Esteban , Monteagudo Mendoza Abel , Flores Llampazo Gerardo Rafael , dos Santos Rubens Manoel , Boenisch Gerhard , Araujo-Murakami Alejandro , Rivas-Torres Gonzalo , Ramírez-Angulo Hirma , dos Santos Prestes Nayane Cristina , Morandi Paulo S. , Cerruto Ribeiro Sabina , A. da Cruz Wesley Jonatar , Disney Mathias , Di Fiore Anthony , Marimon-Junior Ben Hur , Feldpausch Ted R. , Malhi Yadvinder , Phillips Oliver L. , Galbraith David , Díaz Sandra
Published: February 2025

Despite the progress in the measurement and accessibility of plant trait information, acquiring sufficiently complete data from enough species to answer broad‐scale questions in plant functional ecology and biogeography remains challenging. A common way to overcome this challenge is by imputation, or ‘gap‐filling' of trait values. This has proven appropriate when focusing on the overall patterns emerging from the database being imputed. However, some applications force the imputation procedure out of its original scope, using imputed values independently from the imputation context, and specific trait values for a given species are used as input for computing new variables. We tested the performance of three widely used imputation methods (Bayesian hierarchical probabilistic matrix factorization, multiple imputation by chained equations with predictive mean matching, and Rphylopars) on a database of tropical tree and shrub traits. By applying a leave‐one‐out procedure, we assessed the accuracy and precision of the imputed values and found that out‐of‐context use of imputed values may bias the estimation of different variables. We also found that low redundancy (i.e. low predictability of a new value on the basis of existing values) in the dataset, not uncommon for empirical datasets, is likely the main cause of low accuracy and precision in the imputed values. We therefore suggest the use of a leave‐one‐out procedure to test the quality of the imputed values before any out‐of‐context application of the imputed values, and make practical recommendations to avoid the misuse of imputation procedures. Furthermore, we recommend not publishing gap‐filled datasets, publishing instead only the empirical data, together with the imputation method applied and the corresponding script to reproduce the imputation. This will help avoid the spread of imputed data, whose accuracy, precision, and source are difficult to assess and track, into the public domain.
Reproductive Interference Alters Species Coexistence in Nematodes due to Asymmetric Sperm‐Induced Harm
Authors: Schalkowski Rebecca , Kasimatis Katja R. , Greischar Megan A. , Cutter Asher D.
Published: February 2025

Species coexistence is shaped by a range of biotic and abiotic factors. Beyond predation, parasitism and competition, one species may interfere with another's reproduction to induce sexual exclusion from a habitat. Here, we test for reproductive interference from inter‐species mating between sympatric nematodes Caenorhabditis macrosperma and C. nouraguensis. Higher intrinsic population growth of C. nouraguensis arises from greater reproductive output by both sexes, predicting it to be superior in resource competition. Mate discrimination between species is incomplete, however, with inter‐species mating errors reducing lifespan and reproductive fitness of female C. nouraguensis only. These asymmetric costs arise within hours, due to ectopic migration of C. macrosperma's giant sperm cells. We modelled the population dynamic impacts of reproductive interference, then confirmed rapid sexual exclusion in mixed‐species communities with multi‐generation experiments. These findings demonstrate the profound ecological implications of reproductive interference for demographic parameters and species coexistence through a cell‐mediated mechanism of inter‐species harm.
Racing performance of Standardbred horses following surgical treatment of apical proximal sesamoid bone fractures (49 cases)
Authors: Burns J. J. , MacMillan K. M. , John E. , Doyle A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Apical proximal sesamoid bone (PSB) fractures are a common occurrence in Standardbred racehorses due to the high‐intensity nature of their work. Several studies have evaluated the racing performance after surgical removal of apical fracture fragments in Thoroughbred horses, however information pertaining to Standardbred racehorses is limited.

Objectives

To (i) describe the distribution of apical PSB fractures in a population of Standardbred racehorses; and (ii) measure return to athletic ability in these horses following surgical removal of apical PSB fracture fragments.

Study design

Retrospective.

Methods

Medical records of Standardbred racehorses presenting to the Atlantic Veterinary College (AVC) for surgical treatment of an apical PSB fracture were reviewed. Lifetime racing records were obtained, and the five race starts before injury and the five race starts following surgical treatment were analysed for total earnings and number of top‐3 placings for each horse.

Results

Thirty‐three horses raced following surgery; 22 of which were racing prior to injury. No significant differences were found in top‐3 placings or monetary earnings for the 22 horses which had raced prior to and after surgery. There was no significant difference in limb or sesamoid affected and return to racing. No associations were found between type of surgery performed or degree of suspensory desmitis and whether the horse returned to racing.

Main limitations

Small sample size.

Conclusions

88% of horses that were racing prior to injury also raced following surgical treatment of an apical PSB fracture. Surgical removal of apical PSB fractures in Standardbred racehorses does not appear to affect their future athletic ability.
Redefining Parental Dynamics: Exploring Mental Health, Happiness, and Positive Parenting Practices
Authors: Kyriazos Theodoros , Poga Mary
Published: February 2025

This study investigated how mental health, subjective happiness, and positive parenting interrelate among 489 Greek parents (76% mothers, 20% fathers) of children aged 7–13 years. We aimed to clarify whether these constructs converge strongly or remain relatively compartmentalized. Using a network analytic framework, we first estimated a graphical LASSO partial correlation network (38 nodes) and found 257 nonzero edges out of 703 possible (37% connectivity). The mean edge weight was 0.024, and centrality metrics were robust (Correlation Stability > 0.59 at r = 0.70). We then constructed a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) via Bayesian network modeling (1000 bootstrap samples, edge retention ≥ 85%) to infer directional paths. Mental health items (MHC–SF) correlated strongly within their domain (partial correlations up to r = 0.50), as did subjective happiness items (SHS) and positive parenting items (NPP). However, cross‐domain links were notably weaker, with partial correlations between NPP items and mental health or happiness rarely exceeding r = 0.20. One bridging link emerged from MH_11 (“warm and trusting relationships”) to N_16 (“good relationship with extended family”), r = 0.23, highlighting only a modest cross‐construct relationship. The DAG similarly showed that mental health variables exerted moderate directional influence on happiness but minimal influence on parenting nodes. Contrary to assumptions of broad reciprocity, these constructs operated in largely discrete clusters. Interventions should thus treat parental well‐being and parenting skills as partially distinct targets, emphasizing more tailored, context‐sensitive strategies for Greek families.
Overuse of imaging in prostate cancer staging
Authors: Tohi Yoichiro , Kato Takuma , Kohashiguchi Kana , Kaji Asuka , Fujiwara Kengo , Harada Satoshi , Abe Yohei , Naito Hirohito , Okazoe Homare , Taoka Rikiya , Ueda Nobufumi , Sugimoto Mikio
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To examine prostate cancer staging in real‐world clinical practice.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 698 patients referred to the Department of Urology at Kagawa University Hospital from 25 facilities for prostate cancer treatment from June 2014 to December 2023. Patients treated with dutasteride (n = 10) and who underwent staging at our institution (n = 197) were excluded. The outcomes of interest were the proportion of computed tomography and bone scintigraphy, diagnostic rates of metastasis stratified by D'Amico risk, and incidental findings on computed tomography. We estimated the number of low‐risk patients based on the Japan Study Group of Prostate Cancer study and 2019 cancer statistical data. We calculated the staging costs of omitting computed tomography and bone scintigraphy in low‐risk patients.

Results

The proportion of D'Amico low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk patients was 15.7% (n = 77), 45.2% (n = 222), and 39.1% (n = 192), respectively. The percentages of computed tomography and bone scintigraphy performed according to risk were 88.3% and 67.5% for low risk, 98.6% and 80.2% for intermediate risk, and 98.4% and 94.3% for high risk, respectively. The diagnostic percentages for lymph node, organ, and bone metastases by risk were 0%/0%/0%, 0%/0%/0.5%, and 8.9%/0.5%/9.3% for low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk, respectively. Incidental findings were present in 2.7% of cases. By omitting computed tomography and bone scintigraphy for low‐risk patients, the total staging cost could be reduced by USD 4.07 million (607 million Japanese yen) annually.

Conclusions

We highlight the potential overuse of imaging in prostate cancer staging. Recognizing the excessive use of diagnostic imaging can reduce medical costs.
A Review of Emerging Technologies on the Rehydration Behavior of Foodstuffs
Authors: Özkan Karabacak Azime , Çalışkan Koç Gülşah , Adal Samiye , Süfer Özge , Tonay Ayşe Nur , Delikanlı Kıyak Berrak , Çelebi Yasemin , İnan‐Çınkır Nuray
Published: February 2025

This research examines the intricate interplay between novel drying techniques and rehydration processes, emphasizing their influence on food quality and rehydration behavior. Advanced methods such as electromagnetic radiation (microwave and infrared), ultrasound, heat pump drying, low‐pressure superheated steam, high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields, and ohmic heating were evaluated. Additive manufacturing techniques, including 3D and 4D printing, and nanotechnology's role in enhancing rehydration properties were explored. The study expressed that, methods like freeze‐drying and microwave‐assisted vacuum drying significantly preserved microstructural integrity and porosity, enabling higher rehydration capacities. For example, freeze‐dried samples exhibited up to a 9–10 fold faster rehydration rate, compared to traditional air‐dried methods. Mechanistically, porosity, capillary action, and preserved cellular structures were identified as critical drivers of improved rehydration performance. Emerging techniques such as pulsed electric field and ultrasound enhanced water diffusion and minimized structural damage, further optimizing rehydration efficiency. Insights into parameters like rehydration medium, temperature, and liquid–solid ratio were modeled to predict and enhance product reconstitution quality. The findings underscore the potential of integrating sustainable practices and advanced technologies to revolutionize food processing by reducing energy consumption, minimizing waste, and achieving superior product quality. These innovations position the study as a significant step forward in optimizing rehydration for food industry applications.
Moisture Induced Changes in Engineering, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.) Seeds
Authors: Akhtar Zahid , Tiwari Utkarsh , Madhumita Mitali , Ghanghas Neeraj , Prabhakar Pramod K.
Published: February 2025

Present research has been carried out to study the physical, thermal and mechanical properties of custard apple seed. The analysis assessed the effect of moisture content (7.8% to 30% d.b.) on diverse engineering properties of custard apple seeds. It was found that as the amount of moisture increased, number of properties, including seed length (L), seed width (W), and seed thickness (T), increased linearly. The results indicated the surface area of seed (Sa), volume of seed (V), angle of repose (θ) and mass of thousand seed (M1000), increased from 199.46 to 218.89 mm2, 181.78 to 210.19 mm3, 17.3° to 31.5°, and 234.63 to 280.46 g, respectively, with an increase in moisture content. The true density (ρt), bulk density (ρb) and porosity increased 19.13%, 15.74%, and 2.2%, respectively as the moisture content increased. The static coefficient of friction (μ) increased as the amount of moisture increased for various surfaces, that is, glass, galvanized iron (GI), and stainless steel (SS) from 0.316 to 0.522, 0.311 to 0.614, and 0.289 to 0.438, respectively. Hardness and thermal property are the two novel characteristics that have been used for seed characterization. When the amount of moisture increased then texture property dropped. Thermal conductivity (λ) and specific heat per unit volume (ρcp) increased from 0.13 to 0.17 W m−1 K−1 and 0.51 to 0.73 MJ m−3 K−1 and thermal diffusivity (α) reduced from 0.25 to 0.18, as the amount of moisture of custard apple seed raised.