bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation on computed pressures from PIV, a study of how boundary definitions affect pressure accuracy along objects on the example of a cylinder flow.
Authors: Felis-Carrasco Francisco , Hess David , Watz Bo Beltoft , Mendez Miguel Alfonso
Published: September 2021

This work discusses an approach to compute pressure fields from planar PIV measurement using standard CFD tools. In particular, we propose a combination of interpolation and mesh adaptation to import the PIV measurements on a grid that is morphed around objects, and is fine enough to solve the Poisson equation accurately. The whole process of meshing, interpolation and pressure computation is carried out using the popular open-source solver OpenFoam®. The method is tested and validated on a classic benchmark test case, namely, the unsteady flow past a cylinder. A 3D multiphase flow simulation is used to generate the reference data and analyze the impact of both, the PIV interrogation and the interpolation on the morphed grid. The simulation uses an Euler-Lagrangian one-way coupling approach to simulate the flow field and the dynamics of seeding particles. The analysis compares the pressure field from the 3D CFD simulation with the solution of a 2D Poisson equation based on the 2D velocity field obtained by either down-sampling the CFD data or by PIV interrogation of synthetic images built from the CFD data. Finally, we challenge the proposed method with the pressure reconstruction in a TR-PIV experiment in similar conditions.
Tracer-based 3D surface reconstruction
Authors: Jux Constantin , Scarano Fulvio , Sciacchitano Andrea
Published: September 2021

The continuous advancements of particle imaging techniques for flow field measurements have led to imaging systems and processing approaches matching the demands for 3D velocimetry at large scale (Schanz et al., 2016; Discetti and Coletti, 2018). Often, the flow past an object immersed in the fluid is of key interest, and in some cases the experimentalist exploits the velocimetry data for analysis of the near-surface flow properties such as pressure. It follows that knowledge of the object shape and position is essential.
For 2D studies, the issue of identifying the fluid-solid interface often reduces to detection of the intensity gradient resulting from the light sheet striking the object. The latter task is well explored, with a variety of methods providing the object interface in the measurement plane (Canny, 1986; Malik et al., 2001; Gui et al., 2003, among others). These approaches, however, are not applicable in volumetric studies where the illumination is diffuse. A frequently applied alternative in fluid-structure-interaction studies is a dual-measurement approach, where a second measurement system tracks the object shape (e.g., Acher et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2019) The complexity of operating two measurement systems may not be affordable however, motivating the development of 3D interface detection methods that rely solely on the flow imaging system.
Particle imaging based interface detection approaches in 3D have been addressed from various perspectives, containing the detection of fluid-fluid interfaces. Examples utilizing tomographic PIV measurements include the studies of Adhikari and Longmire (2012), Im et al. (2014), and Ebi and Clemens (2016). The two latter examples identify the fluid-solid interface by discriminating a seeded phase (the fluid) from a void phase (the solid). The present work is inspired by this principle, but it assumes a discrete 3D particle distribution as obtained from a generic particle tracking algorithm such as IPR by Wieneke (2012), or “Shake-The-Box” by Schanz et al. (2016), as a foundation. Summarizing, this work aims to detect the surface of a solid object immersed in a seeded flow, solely based on the spatial distribution of flow tracers as recorded by a generic 3D PTV measurement.
Flow Field Study of a Top Heated Immiscible Liquid Layer Adjacent to Ice
Authors: Farmahini Farahani Hamed , Hayashi Tatsunori , Sakaue Hirotaka , Rangwala Ali S.
Published: September 2021

A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the flow field of a top-heated liquid fuel adjacent to an ice block. The experimental setup consisted of a borosilicate container containing an ice wall and a layer of n-heptane heated from above. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) measurements were conducted on the liquid -phase. PIV measurements showed a surface flow toward the ice caused by surface -tension forces, which is driven by the horizontal temperature gradients on the liquid surface. A recirculation zone was observed under the free surface and near the ice. The combination of the two flow patterns caused lateral intrusion in the ice, instead of a uniform melting across ice surface. BOS measurements indicated presence of density gradients below the free surface of n-heptane and in regions near the ice block. These density gradients were created by local small-scale temperature gradients. The current experiments were conducted to explore the processes that influence the ice melting by immiscible liquid layers.
Simultaneous PIV and DIC Measurements in a Towing Tank Environment with a Flexible Hydrofoil
Authors: Jacobi Gunnar , Nila Alex
Published: September 2021

Due to their good mechanical properties composite materials are increasingly applied for the construction of lifting surfaces in the maritime industry. However, besides improving the strength to weight ratio of a structure, the anisotropic material properties can also exhibit bend-twist coupling, when exposed to higher loads. In order to experimentally measure the fluid structure interaction, the object of investigation needs to exposed to the same fluid loadings, as it would experience during operation. To investigate the possibility to obtain simultaneous deformation and flow field measurements in a large hydrodynamic testing facility simultaneous PIV and DIC measurements are performed to obtain the deformation of a flexible NACA 0008 hydrofoil and to measure the flow field in the wing tip region. For the assessment of the performance of the methods two scenarios are presented including tests in stationary conditions with constant angles of attack and forced plunging oscillations. The calibration of both measurement systems is done independently and the wing tip, visible in the PIV images, is used for triangulation to find the position of the wing within the PIV coordinate system. The combination of both measurement techniques allows for an accurate determination of tip vortex center positions with respect to the deformed wing and their evolution downstream of the wing. During forced plunging motions, the phase lag of the wing tip and the influence on the wing tip vortex is observed.
Ultrasound PIV Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Derakhshandeh Rozhin , Bhattacharya Sayantan , Meyers Brett , Vlachos Pavlos
Published: September 2021

Ultrasound Particle image velocimetry (UPIV) is a non-invasive flow measurement technique where acousticopaque flow tracers are injected into a working fluid and ensonified to create ultrasound images. These images are processed using PIV cross-correlation based algorithms to measure the velocity field (Kim et al., 2004). UPIV is useful for opaque flows, primarily where complex flows exist, accordingly, it is used in many industrial and clinical research applications such as studying intracardiac flow (Crase et al., 2007). Furthermore, the measurement provides suitable temporal and spatial resolutions for improved diagnostic metrics. Mentioned applications and the sensitive diagnostic industrial and clinical decisions made based on these measurements intensifies the importance of characterizing the UPIV measurement accuracy and associated uncertainty. However, quantifying UPIV measurement uncertainty is non-trivial due to the complexity of possible uncertainty sources, their combination, and propagation through the measurement chain.

The formation of a particle image by ultrasound significantly differs from optical imaging, introducing unique aspects to image quality that must be considered. Particle images are formed across several ultrasound scan lines, yielding an elliptical particle image shape. Furthermore, the particle’s reflected pressure wave is converted to a digital signal that undergoes signal modulation, and this process forms a non-Gaussian point spread function (PSF) along the scan line direction. Additionally, clusters of tracers produce a single, bright image intensity and speckle image pattern. Compared to conventional PIV images, UPIV incurs significantly higher image noise due to lack of filtration for the ultrasound reflection of the non-tracer obstacles.
Characterization of interactive force acting on colloidal particles near an electrode in presence of a high-frequency (>10 kHz) AC electric field using particle diffusometry
Authors: Gupta Kshitiz , Lee Dong Hoon , Wereley Steven T. , Williams Stuart J.
Published: September 2021

Colloidal particles like polystyrene beads and metallic micro and nanoparticles are known to assemble in crystal-like structures near an electrode surface under both DC and AC electric fields. Various studies have shown that this self-assembly is governed by a balance between an attractive electrohydrodynamic (EHD) force and an induced dipole-dipole repulsion (Trau et al., 1997). The EHD force originates from electrolyte flow caused by interaction between the electric field and the polarized double layers of both the particles and the electrode surface. The particles are found to either aggregate or repel from each other on application of electric field depending on the mobility of the ions in the electrolyte (Woehl et al., 2014). The particle motion in the electrode plane is studied well under various conditions however, not as many references are available in the literature that discuss the effects of the AC electric field on their out-of-plane motion, especially at high frequencies (>10 kHz). Haughey and Earnshaw (1998), and Fagan et al. (2005) have studied the particle motion perpendicular to the electrode plane and their average height from the electrode mostly in presence of DC or low frequency AC (<1 kHz) electric field. However, these studies do not provide enough insight towards the effects of high frequency (>10 kHz) electric field on the particles’ motion perpendicular to the electrode plane.
Visualization of Three-Dimensional Acoustic Streaming Flow Patterns around an Inclined Triangular Obstruction using Digital In-Line Holographic Micro-Particle Tracking Velocimetry
Authors: Hung Sheng Po , Tien Wei-Hsin
Published: September 2021

Acoustic Streaming is a flow phenomenon with many applications in the field of microfluidics, such as micro mixing[1, 2] and particle manipulation[3]. With the manufacturing techniques evolves, more complicated geometries can be designed for microfluidic device and 3-D acoustic streaming patterns may occurs. In this study, 3-D trajectories of particle induced by acoustic streaming around an inclined triangular obstruction in a microchannel were visualized by a volumetric tracking method using Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM)[4-6]. The triangular obstruction has a tip angle of 20° and an inclined angle of 30°. The acoustic streaming is created under 12 kHz oscillation of a piezo plate driven by 20V voltage. Illuminated by a 450nm continuous laser, the magnified hologram of the motion of 1.79μm tracer particles was recorded by a low-cost 10X industrial microscope with a machine vision camera of 10 fps (frames per second). Using RayleighSommerfeld back-propagation method[7], particle locations was reconstructed frame by frame and 3-D tracking of individual particles was performed afterwards. The trajectories of each particle were reconstructed to reveal the vortical structure of the acoustic streaming flow. For the current system setup, the measurable range was estimated to be 550×685×840 μm3. The 3-D location reconstruction accuracy was verified with a calibration target and the location sensitivity was found to be linear throughout the measurable range. Reconstruction at different depth locations show that the dick-shaped calibration dots and the spherical polystyrene particles have different intensity profiles. The calibration dots show local minimum of intensity at the correct depth location, while polystyrene particles show local maximum of intensity instead. Resolved particle trajectories show that the acoustic streaming flows cause particles to move with 3-D spiral shaped motions near the side of the triangular obstruction, while particles away from the obstruction shows planar motions.
Validation of Multi-Frame PIV Image Interrogation Algorithms in the Spectral Domain
Authors: Beresh Steven , Neal Douglas , Sciacchitano Andrea
Published: September 2021

Multi-frame correlation algorithms for time-resolved PIV have been shown in previous studies to reduce noise and error levels in comparison with conventional two-frame correlations. However, none of these prior efforts tested the accuracy of the algorithms in spectral space. Even should a multi-frame algorithm reduce the error of vector computations summed over an entire data set, this does not imply that these improvements are observed at all frequencies. The present study examines the accuracy of velocity spectra in comparison with simultaneous hot-wire data. Results indicate that the high-frequency content of the spectrum is very sensitive to choice of the interrogation algorithm and may not return an accurate response. A top-hat-weighted sliding sum-of-correlation is contaminated by high-frequency ringing whereas Gaussian weighting is indistinguishable from a low-pass filtering effect. Some evidence suggests the pyramid correlation modestly increases bandwidth of the measurement at high frequencies. The apparent benefits of multi-frame interrogation algorithms may be limited in their ability to reveal additional spectral content of the flow.
Grid-free least-squares method for pressure evaluation from LPT data
Authors: Bobrov Maxim , Hrebtov Mikhail , Ivashchenko Vladislav , Mullyadzhanov Rustam , Seredkin Alexander , Tokarev Mikhail , Zaripov Dinar , Dulin Vladimir , Markovich Dmitriy
Published: September 2021

Lagrangian particle tracking Shake-the-box (STB) method (Schanz et al., 2016) acquires the 3D positions of tracer particles from the temporal sequences of their 2D projection images even for rather high seeding densities. Approximation of tracks by analytical functions (Gesemann, 2015) provides an accurate evaluation of tracers’ local velocity and acceleration. This data, which is obtained on non-regular grid, can be used to estimate local pressure fluctuations based on the Navier–Stokes equation. The present paper describes a grid-free least-squares method for the gradients and pressure evaluation based on irregularly scattered LPT data with random noise minimization.
Characterisation of vortex shedding on a hydrofoil using PIV measurements
Authors: Bonnard Hervé , Chatellier Ludovic , David Laurent
Published: September 2021

An experimental study of vortex shedding on a hydrofoil Eppler 817 was conducted using two-dimensional two components Particle Image Velocimetry. This foil section’s characteristics are adapted for naval applications but sparsely documented. The characterization of the flow modes was realized based on statistical data such as the mean velocity field and the standard deviation of the vertical velocities. The data were acquired at very low Reynolds number which are not often covered for such hydrofoil and at four angles of attack ranging from 2◦ to 30◦. A map of different characteristic flow modes was made for this space of parameters and was used to identify flow configurations exhibiting particular dynamics.
Cross-plane stereo-PIV measurements in a refractive-index-matched environment of flow associated with barchan dunes immersed in a turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Bristow Nathaniel , Blois Gianluca , Best James , Christensen Kenneth
Published: September 2021

Barchan dunes are crescent-shaped bedforms that form in aeolian (i.e., wind-driven) environments (including both Earth and other planets, such as Mars) as well as subaqueous environments. Under the forcing of the aloft turbulent boundary layer, they migrate downstream at a rate inversely proportional to their size, which results in complex interactions between neighboring dunes of disparate scales. In particular, it has been observed that dunes will interact at a distance, causing changes in morphology without contacting each other, which is thought to be driven by the way dunes modify the local flow field Bristow et al. (2018); Assis and Franklin (2020).

In this study, the coherent structures formed in the wakes of barchan dunes are investigated using measurements of the flow over fixed-bed (i.e., solid) barchan models, both in the wake of an isolated barchan and the interdune region between interacting barchans (Fig. 1(a)). Furthermore, the interactions between the flow structures shed by the dunes and the structures in the incoming boundary layer are analyzed.
Pressure calculation for flows with moving surface boundaries from particle tracking velocimetry (PTV)
Authors: Azadi Reza , Nobes David S.
Published: September 2021

The examples of flow conditions, where an object of a fixed or deformable body moves in a fluid, or the interface between the flow phases instantaneously changes its topology, are numerous in industry and natural sciences. The advent of particle image velocimetry (PIV) [1] and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) [2] enabled the measurement of the instantaneous velocity fields in these types of complicated flow fields. As a next step, several methodologies have been developed in the past decade to calculate the pressure fields from PIV or PTV data [3,4]. These methods were developed based on the assumption of a stationary flow domain, with surface boundaries that are fixed and independent of time. This makes the current pressure calculation methods inapplicable to a flow domain with deformable moving surface boundaries. Also, for most of the two-phase flows, the capillary forces are significant and the pressure drop over the two-phase interface must be considered. Therefore, the current pressure calculators require an improvement in the formulation of the algorithms to account for the deformable volume conditions and the effect of the surface tension force. For the calculation of pressure from sparse PTV velocity data, firstly, a tessellation method is required to interconnect the irregularly spaced vectors in the flow field using a highquality mesh grid. The mesh must be dynamic and adjust itself to the moving boundaries. This tessellation method has already been developed by the current authors [5]. As the next step, equations of motion for a deformable C.V. need to be coupled with the tessellation method to calculate the instantaneous pressures in a two-phase flow field, with a moving interface, which will be the ultimate goal of the current study.
3D pressure field reconstruction from time-resolved stereoscopic PIV measurements by relaxation of Taylor's hypothesis
Authors: Fratantonio Dominique , Charonko John James
Published: September 2021

This work presents reconstructions of 3D pressure fields starting from 2D3C stereoscopic-PIV (SPIV) measurements. In Fratantonio et al. (2021), we presented a new reconstruction algorithm, the “Instantaneous convection” method, capable of producing 3D velocity fields from time-resolved SPIV measurements. For reconstructions in flows with strong shear layers and high turbulence intensity, this method is able to provide time-resolved 3D velocity volumes that are more accurate than those that can be obtained from the more frequently employed reconstruction method based on the Taylor’s hypothesis and on the use of a mean convective field. Here we investigate the possibility of reconstructing the 3D pressure field from the timeresolved series of reconstructed 3D velocity data. A pseudo-tracking method is employed for computing the velocity material derivative, and the pressure field is then reconstructed by solving the 3D Poisson equation. The velocity and pressure reconstructions are validated on the Direct Numerical Simulation data of the turbulent channel flow taken from the John Hopkins Turbulence Database (JHTDB), and an application to experimental SPIV measurements of an air jet flow in coflow carried out at the Turbulent Mixing Tunnel (TMT) facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory is presented.
Separation Control of NACA0015 Airfoil using Plasma Actuators
Authors: Aiura Akira , Kobayashi Kentaro , Sakakibara Jun
Published: September 2021

Separation control of NACA0015 airfoil using plasma actuators was investigated. Plasma actuators in spanwise array, which consists of 21 electrodes, were located at the leading edge of the airfoil to give temporal periodic disturbances with phase variations into its boundary layer. The cord length of the airfoil was c = 100mm and corresponding Reynolds number was fixed at Re = 63,000. Non-dimensional frequency of the disturbance was chosen at F+ = 0.5 or 6. The gap between adjacent electrode was set as 1mm, and phase difference of the temporal periodic disturbances between adjacent electrode was set at φ = 0 or π. Velocity field was measured by conventional two-component PIV using a CCD camera (Imperx, B1922, 1920 x 1460pixels) and Nd-YAG laser (Quantel, Evergreen, 140mJ/pulse). Both large field of view (FOV) images capturing whole wing with surrounding flow and smaller FOV images focused on the separation bubble near leading edge were evaluated. Surface pressure was monitored by pressure transducers through pressure taps on the upper surface of airfoil. Lift and drag against the airfoil were measured using a two-component force balance.
Visualization and Quantification of the Cerebral Microcirculation using Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Particle Tracking Velocimetry
Authors: Zhang Zeng , Hwang Misun , Kilbaugh Todd J. , Sridharan Anush , Katz Joseph
Published: September 2021

Noninvasive measurements of the regional microvascular perfusion might lead to sensitive biomarkers for the changes in intracranial hemodynamics that could guide timely surgical interventions for neonatal brain injuries. The current work utilizes a clinically available contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) system and particle tracking velocimetry to perform ultrasound localization microscopy for measuring the microcirculation in piglets. A new deep learning method based on U-net is proposed for enhancing noisy raw CEUS images and detecting the microbubbles. Subsequently, the bubbles are tracked using a Kalman filter based method, which incorporates conditions of spatio-temporal consistency in flow direction and globally optimizes the assignment of bubbles to trajectories. Based on analysis of synthetic data, the U-net results demonstrate significant improvement in the processing speed and localization accuracy over a conventional blind deconvolution method. Visualization of the microvasculature is performed by superposing the bubble trajectories, enabling depiction of a complex micro-vessel network, where neighboring vessels separated by 40 µm can be distinguished. The corresponding perfusion map shows the velocity distribution in these vessels. Based on the current frame rate (44 fps), speeds in the 0.1 to 12 cm/s range can be well captured. These methods show promise as potential clinical tools for bedside measurement of cerebral microcirculation.
Causes of Language Anxiety in an ESL Classroom: Towards a Mentally Healthier Learning Environment
Authors: Sabri Salina , Khairuddin Zulaikha , Johan Syafiqah Johan Amir , Daud Khairunnisa Mohd , Bahrn Fatin Fatinah Shamshul
Published: September 2021

In a typical English language classroom, learners are expected to produce written sentences that are grammatically correct, and they are expected to sound native-like in their pronunciation. However, such expectations may cause anxiety and could potentially hinder the success of creating functional and successful language learners. This study aimed to understand undergraduate students’ language learning anxiety and their perceived success in an ESL classroom in the hopes of creating a mentally healthier language learning environment. Through a quantitative approach, the results of the questionnaire showed that reasons that led to undergraduate students’ anxiety in an ESL classroom were fear of tests, fear of comprehension, and fear of negative evaluation by peers. The results also showed that undergraduate students felt less anxious when lecturers provided non-threatening or mentally healthier environment for students to learn in their classroom. It can be concluded that a lecturer’s teaching styles and strategies affected students’ level of anxiety and can help ensure a mentally healthier language learning environment. From the findings, it is recommended that lecturers create a less formal and friendlier classroom atmosphere by providing psychological support and making students aware of the possible channels to seek help when needed.
Whole-Genome Sequencing in Food-borne Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Fatahi-Bafghi M. , Zandi H.
Published: September 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Microbiological Status and Quality Traits of Ready-to-Eat Minimally Processed Vegetables Sold in Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Baraquet M.L. , Camiletti O.F. , Moretti C.I. , Rodríguez L.E. , Vázquez C.
Published: September 2021

Background: The changes and the availability of processed foods have increased the demand for ready-to-eat foods, such as Minimally Processed Vegetables (MPVs). The purpose of this work was to evaluate the microbiological status and quality traits of the MPVs obtained from retail outlets of Córdoba, Argentina.
Methods: Totally, 60 MPVs of 12 brands (30 single-ingredient salads and 30 mixed salad trays) were randomly sampled from different retail outlets of Córdoba, Argentina. The samples were analyzed according to international standards for Total Coliforms (TC), Fecal Coliforms (FC), Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Yeast and Molds (YM). The quality traits (respect to physical and sensory properties) of the MPVs were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed with InfoStat.
Results: All 60 MPV samples were positive for TC, ranging from 1.32 to 3.38 log Most Probable Number (MPN)/g. FC counts ranged from 0.30 to 1.95 log MPN/g. Out of 60 samples, 15 (25%) were positive for E. coli. Three brands of mixed trays were positive for S. aureus. Regarding sensory characteristics, the parameters such as freshness, turgid, normal color, decay, and dehydration were compliance in 42 out of 60 (70%) samples.
Conclusion: Some MPVs sampled from Córdoba, Argentina showed low microbiological quality and imperfect quality traits.
Investigation of TEM and SHV Beta-Lactamase Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Strawberry Samples in Sanandaj, Iran
Authors: Soltan Dallal M.M. , Abdolmaleki H. , Ramazanzadeh R. , Mazaheri Nezhad Fard R.
Published: September 2021

Background: When animal manures are used, food products may include pathogenic bacteria, especially Escherichia coli. The major aim of the current study was to investigate TEM (blaTEM) and SHV beta-lactamase (blaSHV) genes in E. coli isolated from strawberry samples in Sanandaj, Iran.
Methods: In this study, 150 strawberry samples were collected from farms (traditional), greenhouses, and packages in Sanandaj, Iran. E. coli contamination was done using routine culture methods. Then, isolates were investigated for Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) production and blaTEM or blaSHV genes using phenotypic and genotypic methods, respectively.
Results: The most susceptibility and resistance of E. coli to antibiotics were related to chloramphenicol and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, respectively. Out of 21 isolates of E. coli, eight were resistant to ceftazidime and cefotaxime; from which, six isolates were ESBL-producer. Furthermore, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis of six ESBL- producing E. coli isolates showed that four isolates included blaTEM gene, while no isolates included blaSHV gene.
Conclusion: In this study, multiple antibiotic resistance patterns were seen in E. coli isolates, especially ESBL patterns in E. coli isolated from strawberries produced in Iran.
Nanocomposite Hydrogels: A Promising Approach for Developing Stimuli-responsive Platforms and their Application in Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Samadi Amirmasoud , Yazdian Fatemeh , Navaei-Nigjeh Mona , Rashedi Hamid
Published: September 2021

Introduction: With the development of hydrogels from half a century ago, their application in various medical fields, including drug delivery has been widely expanded. Hydrogels used in this field are produced with synthetic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, or natural polymers like chitosan, agarose, and hyaluronic acid to develop biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-immunogenic drug carriers. However, limitations such as inadequate response to stimulation, low homogeneity, and poor loading capacity for hydrophobic drugs have limited the use of hydrogels for drug delivery due to the hydrophilic nature of the hydrogel. The use of nanoparticles in the structure of hydrogels to produce hydrogel nanocomposites leads to more diverse interactions such as hydrogen and electrostatic bonds in addition to covalent interactions between hydrogel polymers. In addition to enhancing the mechanical properties of the hydrogel and further homogeneity, these interactions lead to the formation of platforms responsive to various stimuli, attaining sustained release, and ameliorating the poor loading of hydrophobic drugs used in cancer treatment and wound dressing.
Conclusion: A review of a research conducted in the last 20 years represents that the application of nanocomposite hydrogels in drug delivery includes a wide range of production methods, nanoparticles to create various stimulation mechanisms, and therapeutic applications. Indeed, research has been focused on developing smart systems for controlled release with stimuli to reduce side effects of conventional cancer treatment methods, such as chemotherapy, by targeting drug delivery and reducing drug administration frequency and mitigating chronic wound complications by the release of growth factors.
Effect of Eight Weeks Aerobic Exercise and Vitamin-D Supplementation on Osteocalcin and Alkaline Phosphatase Gene Expression in Male Rats Poisoned with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Eimari Eskandari Ramin , Homaee Hassan Matin , Moradi Lida
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Free radicals increase with age and disease, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise and vitamin D on the expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin genes in bone tissue of rats poisoned with hydrogen peroxide.
Methods: In this experimental trial, 36 adult male Wistar rats were randomized into six groups of six rats, 1) control; 2) hydrogen peroxide; 3) hydrogen peroxide + vitamin D; 4) hydrogen peroxide + exercise; 5) hydrogen peroxide + exercise and vitamin D and 6) Sham. For eight weeks, groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were given daily dose of 1 mmol/kg hydrogen peroxide on even days, groups 3 and 5 received 0.5 mg / kg of Vitamin-D daily, and sham group received only vitamin D solvent intraperitoneally. Groups 4 and 5 performed aerobic exercise 3 day/week. Osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase gene expression were measured by PCR and were analyzed using independent t-test, two-way analysis of variance and Boferroni’s post hoc test with SPSS 16 (p≤0.05).
Results: The interactive effect of exercise and vitamin D on increasing alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin was significant. (p≤0.05); exercise increased alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin (p ≤ 0.05); vitamin D was also associated with increased alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin (p=0.0001). The greatest effect on increasing osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase showed in groups 5 and 3, respectively (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Exercise and vitamin D had a positive effect on bone tissue, so that even the systemic effect of hydrogen peroxide could not change the results of this constructive effect.
Celiac Disease Prevalence in Patients with Chronic Noninflammatory Diarrhea in 2017
Authors: Baghbanian Mahmud , Asadollahi Zahra
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder. Eating gluten, which is part of the cereals, can lead to intestinal mucosal injury and diarrhea. Although celiac disease is more common today with non-digestive symptoms, we sometimes encounter cases of chronic non-inflammatory diarrhea, which is one of the clinical manifestations of celiac disease. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of celiac disease in patients with chronic non-inflammatory diarrhea. Because diarrhea in celiac disease has distinct and efficient treatment we decided to do this study to evaluate the prevalence of celiac disease in patients with chronic non-inflammatory diarrhea.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study on 200 patients with chronic non-inflammatory diarrhea in Yazd in 2017. Stool exam and tissue transglutaminase Antibody (TTG Ab) was done for the patients; upper endoscopy and duodenum biopsy was done for the patients with high serum TTG Ab. Findings analyzed in SPSS.ver.17 statistical software. Chi-Square, t-test and Fisher Exact tests were used for statistical analysis. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Two hundred patients, including 93 (46.5%) men and 107 women (53.5%) participated in this study. The average age was 34.32 ± 17.84 years. Among these cases, 31 patients (15.5%) had celiac disease.  Among cases of celiac (16.1%), 15 (16.1%) were male and 16 (15%) were female. The relative frequency of celiac disease was the same in both sexes and in all age groups.
Conclusion: Significant portion of patients (15.5%) with chronic non-inflammatory diarrhea has celiac disease.
You can’t go home again: the Bavli’s story of Honi’s big sleep as inversion of the Yerushalmi’s account
Authors: Simon-Shoshan Moshe
Published: September 2021

This article presents an original reading of the Bavli account of Honi’s 70-year sleep. It argues that printed editions present a corrupt reading of Honi’s initial statement, which originally read ‘Seventy years like a dream!’, expressing Honi’s existential dread of his own mortality. The story must further be understood as a conscious inversion of the Yerushalmi’s version of the tale, rejecting the Yerushalmi’s optimistic vision of the role of individual holy men in Jewish history in favour of a tragic account of individual loneliness.
Intercepting missionaries: Jacob Sapir and Beta Israel contacts with Ottoman Jerusalem
Authors: Gerber Noah S.
Published: September 2021

The 1867 ‘counter-mission’ to Ethiopia undertaken by Joseph Halévy drew on the assumption that the Beta Israel was currently in the clutches of Protestant missionaries. This article focuses on a slightly earlier, more regionally rooted and arguably less Eurocentric effort in thwarting the same threat, spearheaded by Jacob Sapir (1822–1885), an Ashkenazi rabbinic emissary. Although not easily teased out of the historical record, Sapir’s efforts drew in fact on his own contacts with the missionary presence in Ottoman Jerusalem and elsewhere. While never setting foot in Ethiopia, Sapir successfully subverted a missionary line of communication with the leadership of the Beta Israel via Egypt. Simultaneously the journalistic crusade he had mounted on the pages of the Hebrew weekly
Halevanon
and elsewhere solidified the Beta Israel’s place in the realm of rabbinic Judaism.
What is the best medical approach in octogenarian patients with coronary artery disease? A 6-year experience
Authors: ATALAY Hasan Hakan
Published: September 2021

Aims: Best popular perception that coronary artery bypass grefting in octogenarians carries high risk related primarily to advanced age. Nevertheless, the effects of CABG, percutaneous coronary intervention , and medical treatment were not assessed on life adequately.

Material and Methods: In the present study, survival duration of 375 octogenarian patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) in our clinic was evaluated retrospectively.

Results: Patients were assigned and compare to seven groups as follows: group 1, patients with normal CAG results; group 2, patients with diffuse coronary narrowness who received medical treatment, group 3, patients who underwent PCI, group 4 was the subgroup of patients from group 3 who underwent PCI in the left anterior descending artery only or in combination with their coronary arteries; group 5, patients in critical condition who were unavailable for any intervention because of cardiac function, group 6, patients who underwent CABG; and group 7, patients who declined the recommended CABG and PCI. For each group, the first-year survival rates were respectively: 100%, 95%, 91.2%, 91.8%, 76.1%, 93.0%, 90.82%. After 6 years, the survival rates were respectively: 76.1%, 80.0%, 72.5%, 71.42%, 52.3%, 90.2%, 76.14%. Rates of patients living by years a significant correlation was revealed between group 6 and group 2 and group 3 (p=0.001, p = 0.004). Group 3 was found to have a significant correlation with Group 4 and Group 7 (p=.000). Group 7 was significantly correlated with groups 3 (p = 0.000), 4 (p = 0.000), and 2 (p = 0.007).

Conclusion: Especially in octogenarians who had shortness of the expected survival, the surgical advantage of visual anastomotic replacement, and complete vascularization were successed more than PCI.
Evaluation of epidemiological characteristics of pelvic fractures
Authors: KAVAK Nezih , DUMAN Evrim , TIKMAN Mesut , YAMAN Ayhan Sumer
Published: September 2021

Aim: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of patients with pelvic fractures.

Material and Methods: We evaluated age, gender, comorbid disease, admission season, mechanisms of the injury, type of the fractures (Young Burgess classification), associated injuries, and mortality of patients with pelvic fractures in the emergency department (ED).

Results: Of the 919 patients included in the study, 307 (33.4%) were female and 612 (66.6%) were male. The mean age was 36,5±14,82 (18-80) years. The mean age of males was 35.1 ± 13.63 years, and it was 39.2 ± 16.63 years for females. Of the males, 46.4% were in the 28-37 years range. Comorbid diseases were found in 254 (27.6%) patients. Of the patients, 302 (32.9%) were admitted in winter and 285 (31%) in summer. It was mostly occurred due to automobile accidents 268 (29.2%), followed by falls from height 211 (23%). Automobile accidents were most common in the winter season, while falls from height was more common in the summer. While automobile accidents, falls from height, motorcycle accidents were more common in males compared to females, falls from own height, pedestrians hit by a car, and other injuries were observed more frequently in females than males (p
BRCA1/2 normal meme kanserli kadınlarda genotip-fenotip ilişkisinin araştırılması: Türkiye'den tek merkez deneyimi
Authors: DUZKALE Neslihan , GÖKCE Aysun , EREN Tülay , İMAMOĞLU Gökşen İnanç , ALTINBAŞ Mustafa
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Meme kanserlerinin yaklaşık %10'unun kalıtsal olduğu ve bunların yaklaşık %20'sinden BRCA1/2 genlerinin sorumlu olduğu bilinmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar, meme kanserinde BRCA1/2 dışındaki birçok genin mutasyonlarının da yatkınlığa neden olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada meme kanserli Türk kadınlarda diğer kanser yatkınlık genlerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya Ankara Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Genetik Bölümü'nde 2016-2021 yılları arasında değerlendirilen 66 kadın hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların kansere yatkınlık genleri, yeni nesil dizileme tekniği (NGS) kullanılarak incelendi.

Bulgular: Hastaların ortalama tanı yaşı 43 ± 8.0 idi. Genetik analiz ile 66 hastanın 9'unda (%13,63) nedensel gen tespit edildi. Bu genler ATM (%13), CHEK2 (%36), FANCC (%13), MUTYH (%13) ve PALB2'dir (%25). Nedensel varyantı olan hastalar ve diğerleri gruplandırılarak tanı yaşı, tümör lokalizasyonu, tümörün histopatolojik tipi, östrojen/progesteron reseptör durumu, cerbb2, evre, tanı anındaki metastaz ve kanserli akraba sayısı gibi parametreler açısından karşılaştırıldı. Gruplar arasında istatistiksel bir ilişki bulunamadı.

Sonuç: Bu çalışmada meme kanserli Türk kadınlarında BRCA1/2 dışındaki kansere yatkınlık genlerinin nedensel varyantlarının saptanma oranı %13,63 olarak belirlendi. Kanserli bireylerde NGS ile çoklu gen testlerinin yapılması, taşıyıcı bireylerin doğru tanı ve uygun tedavi almalarını ve gerekli taramalara yönlendirilmelerini sağlayacaktır.
The significance of pan-immune inflammation value and systemic immune inflammation Index in colorectal cancer screening
Authors: KAYHAN Sanem , AYDIN İSAK Özlem
Published: September 2021

Aim: It has been known for a long time that systemic inflammation is an important risk factor in cancer development. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in the world. In this study, we aimed to compare the inflammatory parameters tested in CRC patients at the time of diagnosis such as systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and pan-immune inflammation value (PIV) with those of the healthy control group.

Materials and Methods: The data of 162 patients diagnosed with CRC in the internal medicine clinic between 2012-2016 were analysed retrospectively and a total of 139 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Hemogram values, histopathology and tumour stage according to TNM classification of all patients at the time of diagnosis were recorded. The patients’ neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), SII and PIV were calculated using hemogram parameters such as neutrophils, monocytes, platelets and lymphocytes.

Results: A total of 139 CRC patients and 139 healthy control subjects with similar age and sex distribution were included in the study. The mean age of all subjects included in the study was 61.7±11.8 years, and 170 subjects (61.2%) were male. In the CRC group, SII, PIV, NLR, and PLR levels were significantly higher, and LMR level was significantly lower than the control group (p
The epistemic status of the principles of justice in Habermas and Rawls
Authors: Skirbekk Gunnar
Published: September 2021

The debate between Habermas and Rawls that took place in 1990s concerned how philosophy can justify the principles of justice under the conditions of pluralism of different and irreconcilable moral, philosophical, and religious doctrines. The context of the debate was mainly Rawls’ Political Liberalism and Habermas’ Between Facts and Norms as well. This paper argues that a wider geo-cultural perspective is pertinent in order to better comprehend the different justification strategies in Habermas and Rawls, concerning the principle of justice. This goes for their different geo-cultural experiences and presuppositions – in short, Rawls living in a self-confident North America in the post-war period versus Habermas’ German experience of civilization breakdown. However, it might also be relevant for the assessment of these two strategies in our time, faced with new kinds of geo-political differences and conflicts.
Towards a better understanding of the bacterial pan-genome
Authors: Gmiter Dawid , Nawrot Sylwia , Pacak Ilona , Zegadło Katarzyna , Kaca Wiesław
Published: September 2021

The bacterial pan-genome is a relatively new concept that refers to the number of genes observed in a given set of bacterial genome sequences, either at the intra- or inter-species level. Determining the pan-genome of a given species of bacteria using a large number of strains allows one to compare multiple genes and to determine evolutionary links between isolates. This information can help to determine population structure, diversity in terms of prevalence in a given environment and pathogenicity of microorganisms. Within this review, we explain the most important issues related to pan-genome studies. We also include a brief description of some selected bacterial pan-genomes. Finally, we propose an easy-toperform workflow to study bacterial pan-genomes that will facilitate nonexperts in a pan-genome-based investigation.
A WEBOLDALAK SZEREPE A VIRTUÁLIS ISKOLAI NYELVI TÁJKÉPÉBEN
Authors: LŐRINCZ Gábor , ISTÓK Béla , VARAGYA Szilvia N.
Published: September 2021

A honlapok a virtuális tér meghatározó elemei, így fontos szerepük van az egyes oktatási intézmények imidzsének kialakításában is. Tanulmányunkban néhány szlovákiai és magyarországi alap- és középfokú, illetve felsőoktatási intézmény járványügyi helyzetre és online oktatásra vonatkozó virtuális tartalmait hasonlítjuk össze, emellett pedig figyelmet fordítunk a két- és többnyelvűség megjelenésének mértékére is. A nyelvi tájkép kutatásának több irányzata alakult ki az elmúlt évek során, melyek közül az egyik az iskolai (schoolscape), egy másik pedig (cyberscape) a virtuális vonatkozásokra fókuszál. Az egyes részterületek között azonban sok esetben átfedések mutatkoznak, így vizsgálatuk összekapcsolható. Az iskolai nyelvi tájkép jellemzőinek a virtuális vonatkozások természetesen csak egy kis részét képezik, hiszen az iskolában – mint a vizuális nyelvhasználat sajátos terében – minden olyan vizuális-nyelvi megnyilvánulás vizsgálható, amely ennek a térnek a kommunikációs elvárásait és igényeit tükrözi.
Interesses e discursos sobre a ciência
Authors: Mano Sonia Maria Figueira , Bevilaqua Diego Vaz , Guimarães Vanessa Fernandes , Gonzalez Ana Carolina de Souza , Damico José Sergio
Published: September 2021

Uma boa oferta cultural não é suficiente para atrair os visitantes. Socialmente, esta é uma questão induzida pela distribuição do capital cultural e científico. Esse trabalho investigou o interesse por temas científicos, expectativas sobre museus de ciência e diferentes visões sobre a própria ciência mediante entrevistas com 108 sujeitos que nunca visitaram o Museu da Vida. A metodologia baseou-se na Análise de Conteúdo e no Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os resultados indicam expectativas relacionadas a temas das ciências da saúde, biológicas e exatas, e pouca adesão às ciências humanas e sociais. Além disso, identificou-se uma percepção do museu como espaço de construção de cidadania e formação da geração futura, e uma visão da ciência relacionada ao seu valor e ao seu papel no futuro. Conhecer essas expectativas contribui para que os museus de ciência desenvolvam ações capazes de atrair o público potencial e oportunizar sua participação nesses espaços.
Políticas públicas de informação: um olhar para o acesso à Internet e para a inclusão digital no cenário brasileiro
Authors: Franco Angela Halen Claro
Published: September 2021

Tem como objetivo identificar o cenário recente das ações do Governo Federal voltadas para a democratização do acesso à Internet no contexto nacional. Optou-se como procedimento metodológico pela pesquisa de base, de caráter descritivo e delineamento bibliográfico e documental, considerando as ações empreendidas pelo Governo Federal de 2010 a 2019. A análise foi conduzida pela abordagem qualitativa. Foram identificadas dez inciativas principais empreendidas pelo Governo Federal que dialogam com a ampliação do acesso à Internet, sendo a mais antiga o Programa Nacional de Banda Larga e as mais recentes as Políticas Públicas de Telecomunicações e o Novo Marco Legal das Telecomunicações. Os principais pontos sobre a inclusão digital observados nas iniciativas identificadas são a infraestrutura para acesso à Internet e a educação para uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação.  Essas perspectivas apareceram juntas em algumas iniciativas, ao passo que outras inciativas estiveram concentram em apenas um dos pontos. Observou-se que as iniciativas identificadas carecem de clareza quanto seus encaminhamentos práticos, e que as políticas públicas voltadas ao acesso à Internet devem ser pautadas na inclusão digital, tendo como focos o letramento digital e a emancipação digital.