bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytic solution of chemical evolution models with Type Ia supernovae
Authors: Palicio P. A. , Spitoni E. , Recio-Blanco A. , Matteucci F. , Peirani S. , Greggio L.
Published: August 2023

Context.In recent years, a significant number of works have been focussed on finding analytic solutions for the chemical enrichment models of galactic systems, including the Milky Way. Some of these solutions, however, are not able to account for the enrichment produced by Type Ia supernovae (SNe) due to the presence of the delay time distributions (DTDs) in the models.

Aims.We present a new analytic solution for the chemical evolution model of the Galaxy. This solution can be used with different prescriptions of the DTD, including the single- and double-degenerate scenarios, and allows for the inclusion of an arbitrary number of pristine gas infalls.

Methods.We integrated the chemical evolution model by extending the instantaneous recycling approximation with the contribution of Type Ia SNe. This implies an extra term in the modelling that depends on the DTD. For DTDs that lead to non-analytic integrals, we describe them as a superposition of Gaussian, exponential, and 1/tfunctions using a restricted least-squares fitting method.

Results.We obtained the exact solution for a chemical model with Type Ia SNe widely used in previous works, while managing to avoid numerical integration errors. This solution is able to reproduce the expected chemical evolution of theαand iron-peak elements in less computing time than numerical integration methods. We compare the pattern in the [Si/Fe] versus [Fe/H] plane observed by APOGEE DR17 with that predicted by the model. We find the low α sequence can be explained by a delayed gas infall. We exploit the applicability of our solution by modelling the chemical evolution of a simulated Milky Way-like galaxy from its star formation history. The implementation of our solution has been released as aPYTHONpackage.

Conclusions.Our solution constitutes a promising tool for Galactic archaeology studies and it is able to model the observed trends in α element abundances versus [Fe/H] in the solar neighbourhood. We infer the chemical information of a simulated galaxy modelled without chemistry.
The rich molecular environment of the luminous blue variable star AFGL 2298
Authors: Rizzo J. R. , Bordiu C. , Buemi C. , Leto P. , Ingallinera A. , Bufano F. , Umana G. , Cerrigone L. , Trigilio C.
Published: August 2023

Context. Luminous blue variable (LBV) stars represent a short-lived stage in the late evolution of the most massive stars. Highly unstable, LBVs exhibit dense stellar winds and episodic eruptions that produce complex circumstellar nebulae, the study of which is crucial for properly constraining the impact of these sources at a Galactic scale from a structural, dynamical, and chemical perspective.

Aims. We aim to investigate the molecular environment of AFGL 2298, an obscured Galactic LBV that hosts a highly structured circumstellar environment with hints of multiple mass-loss events in the last few 104 a.

Methods. We present spectral line observations of AFGL 2298 at 1 and 3 mm performed with the IRAM 30 m radio telescope.

Results. We report the detection of several carbon- and nitrogen-bearing species (CO, 13CO, C18O, C17O, HCO+, HCN, HNC, H13CO+, CN, N2H+, and C2H) in the surroundings of AFGL 2298. We identified three velocity components that clearly stand out from the Galactic background. The morphology, kinematics, masses, and isotopic ratios, together with a comparative study of the fractional abundances, lead us to suggest that two of these components (36 and 70 km s−1) have a stellar origin. The other component (46 km s−1) most likely traces swept-up interstellar material, and probably also harbours a photon-dominated region.

Conclusions. We provide the first inventory of the circumstellar molecular gas around AFGL 2298. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis of former mass-loss events produced before the one that created the infrared nebula. The chemistry of this LBV suggests the presence of ejected stellar material, and also swept up gas. These findings will help us to better understand the mass-loss history of this class of evolved massive stars, which is important given that they heavily influence the overall chemical evolution of the Galaxy.
The contribution of faint Lyman-αemitters to extended Lyman-αhalos constrained by MUSE clustering measurements
Authors: Herrero Alonso Y. , Wisotzki L. , Miyaji T. , Schaye J. , Pharo J. , Krumpe M.
Published: August 2023

Recent detections of extended Lyman-αhalos around Lyαemitters (LAEs) have been reported on a regular basis, but their origin is still under investigation. Simulation studies predict that the outer regions of the extended halos contain a major contribution from the Lyαemission of faint, individually undetected LAEs. To address this matter from an observational angle, we used halo occupation distribution (HOD) modeling to reproduce the clustering of a spectroscopic sample of 1265 LAEs at 3 < z < 5 from the MUSE-Wide survey. We integrated the Lyαluminosity function to estimate the background surface brightness due to discrete faint LAEs. We then extended the HOD statistics inwards towards small separations and computed the factor by which the measured Lyαsurface brightness is enhanced by undetected close physical neighbors. We considered various clustering scenarios for the undetected sources and compared the corresponding radial profiles. This enhancement factor from LAE clustering depends strongly on the spectral bandwidth Δvover which the Lyαemission is integrated and this value can amount to ≈20 − 40 for small values of Δv(around 200 − 400 km s−1) as achieved by recent studies utilizing integral-field spectrographic data. The resulting inferred Lyαsurface brightness of faint LAEs ranges between (0.4 − 2)×1020 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2, with a very slow radial decline outwards. Our results suggest that the outer regions of observed Lyαhalos (R ≳ 50 pkpc) could indeed contain a strong component from external (but physically associated) LAEs, and may even be dominated by them. It is only for a relatively shallow faint-end slope of the Lyαluminosity function that this contribution from clustered LAEs would be rendered insignificant. We also confirm that the observed emission from the inner regions (R ≤ 20 − 30 pkpc) is too bright to be substantially affected by clustering. We compare our findings with predicted profiles from simulations and find good overall agreement. We outline possible future measurements to further constrain the impact of discrete undetected LAEs on observed extended Lyαhalos.
Very late-time spectroscopy of SN 2009ip: Constraints on the ongoing Hα emission
Authors: Pessi Thallis , Prieto Jose L. , Dessart Luc
Published: August 2023

Context. The peculiar supernova (SN) 2009ip was an ambiguous event that placed many questions on its true origin. Here, we present very late-time spectroscopic and photometric observations of SN 2009ip, obtained 9 years (3274 days) after the 2012B outburst.

Aims. We analyze the Hα emission still present in the very late-time spectrum of SN 2009ip. We also obtain photometric measurements in r, g and i bands.

Methods. We obtain observations of SN 2009ip on 2021 September 10 with the IMACS instrument at the 6.5 m Magellan Baade Telescope, located at the Las Campanas Observatory.

Results. SN 2009ip was detected in r, g and i bands, with an absolute magnitude in r band of ∼ − 8.66 mag. We show that the source faded significantly since the last observations in these bands. We further show that the very late-time spectrum contains a persistent Hα emission, although no other emission lines were detected. We measure a full width at half maximum of 930 ± 40 km s−1 and luminosity of ∼ 8.0 × 1037 erg s−1 for the Hα emission. The luminosity decreased relatively slowly in comparison to the last observations and its fading rate is very similar to other long-living interacting transients, such as SN 2005ip. Finally, we conclude that although these properties could be consistent with a non-regular core-collapse SN, they could also be explained by non-terminal explosion scenarios.
TheH∞-control problem for parabolic systems. Applications to systems with singular Hardy potentials
Authors: Marinoschi Gabriela
Published: August 2023

We solve theH∞-control problem with state feedback for infinite dimensional boundary control systems of parabolic type with distributed disturbances and provide some applications of this result to equations with Hardy potentials with the singularity inside or on the boundary, in the cases of a distributed control and of a boundary control.
Ulkus-Shaving mit primärer Hauttransplantation beim Ulcus cruris venosum
Authors: Juntermanns Benjamin , Kröger Knut , Waldhausen Peter , Gäbel Gabor
Published: August 2023

Dem Ulcus cruris venosum liegt immer eine chronisch-venöse Insuffizienz zugrunde. Sollte sich eine Resistenz gegen die konservative Kompressionstherapie einstellen, werden chirurgische Therapien empfohlen. Ein etabliertes Verfahren ist das Ulkus-Shaving mit Meshgraft-Deckung, ergänzt durch eine Rezidivprophylaxe mit Kompressionsstrümpfen der Klasse II (oder mehr), körperliche Bewegung, Hautpflege und regelmäßige phlebologische Kontrollen.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Schlitt Axel
Published: August 2023

wahrscheinlich „können Sie es nicht mehr
hören“, aber leider beschäftigt mich das Thema nach
wie vor:
Determination and Chemotaxonomic Analysis of Lanostane Triterpenoids in the Mycelia of Ganoderma spp. Using Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass
Spectrometry (I)
Authors: Yue Yawen , Zhou Shuai , Cheng Chilu , Teng Liming , Zhang Jingsong , Cui Baokai , Han Wei , Dai Yucheng , Feng Na
Published: August 2023

A comprehensive and sensitive method combining ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the quantification of characteristic triterpenoids in
Ganoderma mycelia. Eight ganoderic acids previously isolated from the mycelia of Ganoderma lingzhi were separated with a binary mobile phase on a reversed-phase C18 column. A
triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source was used as the detector in the negative ion mode. Identification and quantitation of target ganoderic
acids were accomplished using the dynamic multiple reaction monitoring mode. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, stability, and recovery. The
method was first applied to quantify the contents of eight ganoderic acids in the mycelia of G. lingzhi at different times to determine the optimum fermentation conditions.
Subsequently, the distribution of triterpenoids and the contents of eight ganoderic acids in sixteen different Ganoderma species were investigated. The results indicated that UV
chromatography combined with dynamic multiple reaction monitoring quantification was an effective chemotaxonomy method for Ganoderma species identification. This study also provided a
helpful analytical methodology for both scientific and industrial applications in the quality control of Ganoderma triterpenoids.
Long-term follow-up of the red density pilot trial: a basis for long-term prediction of sustained clinical remission in ulcerative colitis?
Authors: Sinonquel Pieter , Bossuyt Peter , Sabino João Pedro Guedelha , Verstockt Bram , Makino Takao , Vermeire Severine , Bisschops Raf
Published: August 2023

Red density (RD) technology is an automated operator-independent endoscopic scoring system
for disease activity in ulcerative colitis (UC). In this retrospective analysis we aimed to
assess the predictive value of the RD sore for sustained clinical remission. All 39 patients
from the RD pilot trial were evaluated for clinical outcome in a 5-year period. The highest RD
score was considered for Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine the
cut-off of the RD for the composite endpoint of treatment failure (defined as mortality,
colectomy, hospitalizations, flares and UC therapy changes). Statistical significance was
considered P < 0.05. Reassessment of the RD score was
possible in 36 patients. The composite endpoint was reached in 17 of 39 patients. ROC analysis
for clinical remission showed a RD cut-off of 65, area under the ROC was 0.68, sensitivity of
0.71, and a specificity of 0.63. A RD score of ≥ 65 demonstrated a statistically
non-significant increase in composite endpoint (hazard ratio 0.49 (95% confidence interval
0.1871-1.280); P = 0.1453). In conclusion, the RD score may be an independent predictor of
clinical remission in patients with UC for the disease course up to 5 years, but results of
the ongoing PROCEED-UC trial are to awaited for definite conclusions.
Multi-step Flow Synthesis of the Anthelmintic Drug Praziquantel
Authors: Gundla Rambabu , Mainkar Prathama S , Phull Manjinder Singh , Jadav Surender Singh , Bohara Chander Singh
Published: August 2023

Praziquantel (PZQ; Brand name: Biltricide) is categorized as an anthelminthic drug, and it is used for the treatment of Schistosomiasis and other parasitic infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified it as one of the essential and emergency medicines needed across the globe. The price of PZQ formulated product depends on the associated method of preparation, along with cost of raw materials. A precise and reliable method for the preparation of PZQ using a flow-chemistry approach is described in this study using phenylethylamine as the starting material. The main objective of the present study is to identify a new economical route for the synthesis of PZQ that could decrease the production time drastically from days to minutes and be transferred to large-scale production. Simultaneously, the purity of the obtained intermediates in essential steps, as single or continuous process, determined by HPLC analysis were more than 90% pure. The continuous preparation process of PZQ in the current study was achieved in less time (ca. 3–4 h) than using conventional methods (ca. 3–4 days). Moreover, the required quantity of key intermediate dimethoxyethanamine is 40–50% less than in existing methods.
Dysphagia in Neurological Disorders
Authors: El Halabi Maan , Arwani Remy , Parkman Henry P.
Published: August 2023

Dysphagia is a common symptom in many neurologic disorders. Patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia present with difficulties when they start to swallow, often with coughing and choking; whereas patients with esophageal dysphagia describe the feeling that swallowed food stops in the chest. Chronic neurologic diseases such stroke, Parkinson's disease, or dementia often have dysphagia as a symptom, particularly oropharyngeal dysphagia, and the term “neurogenic dysphagia” is often used. A disruption of the sophisticated, integrated sensorimotor swallowing system is usually the main reason behind dysphagia. Dysphagia can be associated with aspiration leading to aspiration pneumonia, and chronic dysphagia can lead to weight loss and malnutrition. Patients with dysphagia, when accurately and promptly diagnosed through medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests, often can be treated and experience improved quality of life. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind dysphagia, its diagnosis, and potential treatments are discussed in this manuscript.
Drug Resistance Analysis of Pathogens Isolated from Pediatric Patients in Mexico
Authors: Cruz-López Flora , Rincón-Zuno Joaquín , Morfin-Otero Rayo , Rodríguez-Noriega Eduardo , Corte-Rojas Reyna Edith , Feliciano-Guzmán José Manuel , Gil-Veloz Mariana , Rodríguez-Muñoz Lorena , Choy-Chang Elena Victoria , Cetina-Umaña Carlos Miguel , Avilés-Benítez Laura Karina , Martínez-Meléndez Adrián , López-Jácome Esaú , Silva-Sánchez Jesús , Bolado-Martínez Enrique , López-García Maribel , Castañeda-Duarte Juan de Dios , Ramos-Medellin Carmen Lucrecia , Escalante-Armenta Samuel Pavel , Quintanilla-Cazares Luis Javier , Couoh-May Carlos Antonio , Quintana-Ponce Sandra , Newton-Sánchez Oscar Alberto , Rodriguez-Galicia Verónica , López-López Dulce María , Huirache-Villalobos Guadalupe Soledad , Ramirez-Mis Jose Luis , Rojas-Larios Fabián , Guerrero-Nuñez Arely Elizabeth , Zubiate-Tejada Héctor Miguel , Duarte-Miranda Lizbeth Soraya , Barroso-Herrera-y-Cairo Irma Elena , Padilla-Rivas Gerardo , Garza-González Elvira
Published: August 2023

Objective To analyze the resistance to antimicrobials in clinical isolates from pediatric patients in Mexico.

Methods Susceptibility data from relevant specimens were collected in the pediatric population over 6 months from 25 centers from 17 states of Mexico and analyzed using the WHONET 5.6 software. Data were stratified into three age groups: younger than 2 years, 2 to 6 years, and 6 to 18 years.

Results For Escherichia coli, the infant/toddler group had higher resistance rates to ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, cefuroxime, cefepime, gentamicin, quinolones (p < 0.001), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (p = 0.003), and ceftazidime (p = 0.004) than the other two age groups. Additionally, a high proportion of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates for E. coli (75.3%) was detected in this age group. Comparable results were observed for Klebsiella pneumoniae, with higher resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime, gentamicin, cefepime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, carbapenems (p = 0.001) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (p = 0.023) in the infant/toddler group. Moreover, a high proportion of ESBL producers (76%) was detected in this age group. Regarding wards, E. coli and K. pneumoniae had the highest carbapenem resistance in the ICU area, and Acinetobacter baumannii had the highest carbapenem resistance in medical wards.

Conclusion High antibiotic resistance rates were detected in the infant/toddler group. This report presents baseline data for future prospective surveillance studies of antimicrobial resistance in pediatric patients in Mexico.
Umbilical Cord Blood Gas Pairs with Near-Identical Results: Probability of Arterial or Venous Source
Authors: Monneret Denis , Stavis Robert L.
Published: August 2023

Objective In studies of concomitant arterial–venous umbilical cord blood gases (CAV-UBGs), approximately 10% of technically valid samples have very similar pH and/or pCO2 values and were probably drawn from the same type of blood vessel. Without a way to objectively determine the source in these cases, it has been argued that most of these same-source CAV-UBGs are venous because the vein is larger and more easily sampled than the artery. This study aimed to calculate the probability of an arterial (ProbAS) or venous source (ProbVS) of same-source CAV-UBGs in the clinically and medicolegally important pH range of 6.70 to 7.25 using a statistical predictive model based on the cord blood gas values.

Study Design Starting with a dataset of 56,703 CAV-UBGs, the ProbAS, ProbVS, and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the 241 sample pairs with near-identical pH, pCO2, and pO2 values and a pH of 6.70 to 7.25. Using a previously validated generalized additive model, the source was categorized as: Probable Arterial or Highly Probable Arterial if the ProbAS and CIs were >0.5 or >0.8, respectively; Probable Venous or Highly Probable Venous if the ProbVS and CIs were >0.5 or >0.8, respectively; or Indeterminant if the CIs encompassed ProbAS/VS = 0.5.

Results A total of 39% of the same-source CAV-UBGs were Probable Arterial, 56% were Probable Venous, and 5% were Indeterminant. However, considering samples with a pH ≤7.19, 80% were Probable Arterial and 16% were Probable Venous. Considering the Highly Probable categories, the more acidemic specimens were 9 times more likely to be arterial than venous. Similarly, CAV-UBGs with pCO2 > 8.2 kPa (62 mm Hg) or pO2 ≤ 1.9 kPa (14 mm Hg) were more likely to be in the arterial rather than the venous categories.

Conclusion Same-source CAV-UBGs in the more acidemic, hypercarbic, or hypoxemic ranges are more likely to be arterial than venous.

Key Points
Anterior Tibial Island Flap in the Management of Trophic Ulcers of Heel
Authors: Kalra G. S. , Bhatnagar S. K. , Chandra R.
Published: August 2023

The use of anterior tibial flap as a distally based island flap for the management of trophic ulcers of heel is being presented. The advantages and vascular bases have been discussed.
Public opinion in Japanese newspaper readers’ posts under the prolonged COVID-19 infection spread 2019–2021: contents analysis using Latent Dirichlet Allocation
Authors: Kasuga Hideaki , Endo Shota , Masuishi Yusuke , Hidaka Tomoo , Kakamu Takeyasu , Fukushima Tetsuhito
Published: August 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, information on what people are interested in and what they are disseminating can be an important public health resource. Most studies on public opinion during the pandemic have focused on social networking services in the context of the early phases of the pandemic or on a short-term basis; research on public opinion outside of social networking services that consider long-term changes has not been conducted. To examine this gap in the research, we analyzed readers’ posts on Japanese hardcopy newspaper articles in the public domain. A total of 1910 such posts published during four emergency declaration periods in Japan were included in the study. Latent Dirichlet Allocation was applied in our analysis to extract topics and Kendall rank correlation coefficients between the emergency declaration periods, and each topic was calculated to examine the effect size. We selected 10 topics and categorized them into three themes: (1) “Life” comprising “Family,” “Daily Life in the COVID-19 Disaster,” “Education in the COVID-19 Disaster,” “The Importance of Humanity,” and “Daily Life unrelated to COVID-19”; (2) “Awareness of the emergency” comprising, “Awareness of being a party to an emergency” and “Concerns about the medical environment,”; and (3) “Policy” comprising “Domestic and foreign policies,” “Opposition to hosting the Tokyo Olympics,” and “Criticisms of the Japanese Government.” This research revealed that, as a result of the exposure to COVID-19-related material over a prolonged period, awareness of the emergency decreased (r = −0.189, p < 0.000), while other topics remained. This study showed that it is possible to extract more everyday public opinion topics from the reader’s posts in newspapers and that these are issues that should be addressed from a long-term perspective since they do not change significantly in a stressful life.
Laminar boundary layers and damping of finite amplitude solitary wave in a wave flume
Authors: Wang Yufei , Liu Philip L.-F.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the laminar viscous effects on finite amplitude solitary wave propagation in a wave flume with a rectangular cross section are investigated. The laminar viscous effects are most important in the laminar boundary layers adjacent to the bottom and sidewalls of the flume. The closed-form solutions of Clamond and Fructus [“Accurate simple approximation for the solitary wave,” C. R. Mec. 331, 727 (2003)] provide the free stream velocity to derive the boundary layer flows. The rotational velocities inside the bottom and sidewall boundary layers are first obtained analytically after linearization. Numerical solutions for the nonlinear boundary layer flows are also calculated. The importance of the nonlinearity is discussed. The laminar viscous damping rate is estimated by balancing the energy dissipation inside the boundary layers and the rate of wave energy change in the entire wave. Numerical results of the damping rate show the dependence on the viscosity of the fluid, the wave amplitude, the water depth, and the width of the wave flume. New laboratory experiments on the wave damping of finite amplitude solitary waves are also performed. The theoretical results are confirmed with the laboratory data. The methodologies introduced in this paper for obtaining boundary layer solutions and laminar viscous damping rate can be applied to other transient waves with finite amplitude.
Magneto-optical imaging of magnetic-domain pinning induced by chiral molecules
Authors: Kapon Yael , Kammerbauer Fabian , Yochelis Shira , Kläui Mathias , Paltiel Yossi
Published: August 2023

Chiral molecules have the potential for creating new magnetic devices by locally manipulating the magnetic properties of metallic surfaces. When chiral polypeptides chemisorb onto ferromagnets, they can induce magnetization locally by spin exchange interactions. However, direct imaging of surface magnetization changes induced by chiral molecules was not previously realized. Here, we use magneto-optical Kerr microscopy to image domains in thin films and show that chiral polypeptides strongly pin domains, increasing the coercive field locally. In our study, we also observe a rotation of the easy magnetic axis toward the out-of-plane, depending on the sample’s domain size and the adsorption area. These findings show the potential of chiral molecules to control and manipulate magnetization and open new avenues for future research on the relationship between chirality and magnetization.
Terahertz unipolar polarimetry by second-harmonic generation in air
Authors: Mou Sen , Rubano Andrea , Yu Qiucheng , Paparo Domenico
Published: August 2023

Femtosecond laser-based terahertz (THz) sources have gained attention for their potential in various applications. As for any electromagnetic radiation, the wave polarization is a critical parameter, which needs to be under control in a wide class of those applications. However, characterizing the polarization of broadband THz pulses remains challenging due to their limited efficient optics. THz air-biased coherent detection has emerged as a promising candidate. The technique employed is heterodyne detection, utilizing second-harmonic generation induced by THz radiation in laser-induced air plasmas. This approach provides exceptional spectral bandwidth and an unbounded power detection limit, rendering it highly suitable for ultra-broadband and high-power THz sources. It enables a very efficient polarization measurement too. However, recent findings have revealed that the laser-induced air plasma generated in this technique can exhibit birefringence, which in turn adds systematic errors to the polarization-state determination. In this Letter, we propose a simplified approach that utilizes a weak probe beam and avoids high-voltage DC bias-fields. Unlike the terahertz (THz) air-biased coherent detection scheme, our approach yields a unipolar, intensity-proportional signal for second-harmonic generation. The experimental results reported in this Letter show the absence of induced birefringence in air and, hence, demonstrate accurate measurements of the polarization state of ultra-broadband THz pulses. Therefore, our technique may provide valuable results in applications where the polarization state, and not the full electric field waveform, is required for analysis or characterization. Finally, we discuss a possible application of our method to the emergent field of THz singular optics.
Variable spin texture in Mn3Sn/Pt heterostructures revealed by magnetic circular dichroism
Authors: Jiang Nai , Deng Yongcheng , Liu Xionghua , Zhang Dong , Zhang Enze , Zheng Houzhi , Chang Kai , Shen Chao , Wang Kaiyou
Published: August 2023

Non-collinear antiferromagnets with a D019 hexagonal structure have attracted tremendous attention for their potential applications in topological spintronics. Exploring the relationship between spin texture and electronic band structure is crucial for understanding the physical nature of these chiral antiferromagnets. Here, we systematically investigated the variation of topological spin texture of the non-collinear antiferromagnet Mn3Sn film using magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy. The evolution of Mn spin texture from coplanar inverted triangular structure to swirling spin texture was achieved in Mn3Sn/Pt heterostructures through introducing an interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) at room temperature. Correspondingly, unconventional zero-crossing points in energy-resolved MCD spectra as well as a gradual shift of a zero-crossing point to longer wavelength were observed. Our work provides a spin texture modulation approach via interfacial DMI and an effective non-contact magneto-optical detection method to reveal the spin texture in the non-collinear antiferromagnet/heavy metal system.
High-efficient OER/ORR bifunctional electrocatalysts based on hexagonal boron nitride enabled by co-doping of transition metal and carbon
Authors: Zhan Wei , Gao Jinling , Li Xin , Wang Hongyan , Gao Wei , Yin Hong
Published: August 2023

The construction of highly active earth-abundant electrocatalysts, which hold bifunctional oxygen reduction and evolution reactions simultaneously, is of great importance for inexpensive and high-performance electrochemical energy devices, yet still challenging. Here, we demonstrate that the inert hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) can accommodate single atomic 3d transition metal (TM) sites by co-doping of carbon atoms as high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The TM atoms including Fe, Co, and Ni have been anchored with either four or two substituting carbon atoms forming TM–C4–BN and TM–C2N2–BN structures, in which the latter exhibits higher structural stability and stronger adsorption in response to the oxygen-containing intermediates such as OH*, O*, and OOH* in the reaction pathways. The optimal OER/ORR bifunctional catalyst is determined to be Co–C2N2–BN, showing ηOER of 0.42 V and ηORR of 0.26 V. Especially, its excellent ORR catalytic activity can be compared to that of well-known Pt(111) surface. It exhibits high thermodynamic stability and most favorable binding strength toward OER/ORR intermediates. The density functional theory calculations of the charge transfer and redistribution reveal the origin of the excellent catalytic activity in Co–C2N2–BN. This work provides a promising and feasible solution in searching for high-performance non-precious bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts.
Automating hybrid collective intelligence in open-ended medical diagnostics
Authors: Kurvers Ralf H. J. M. , Nuzzolese Andrea Giovanni , Russo Alessandro , Barabucci Gioele , Herzog Stefan M. , Trianni Vito
Published: August 2023

Collective intelligence has emerged as a powerful mechanism to boost decision accuracy across many domains, such as geopolitical forecasting, investment, and medical diagnostics. However, collective intelligence has been mostly applied to relatively simple decision tasks (e.g., binary classifications). Applications in more open-ended tasks with a much larger problem space, such as emergency management or general medical diagnostics, are largely lacking, due to the challenge of integrating unstandardized inputs from different crowd members. Here, we present a fully automated approach for harnessing collective intelligence in the domain of general medical diagnostics. Our approach leverages semantic knowledge graphs, natural language processing, and the SNOMED CT medical ontology to overcome a major hurdle to collective intelligence in open-ended medical diagnostics, namely to identify the intended diagnosis from unstructured text. We tested our method on 1,333 medical cases diagnosed on a medical crowdsourcing platform: The Human Diagnosis Project. Each case was independently rated by ten diagnosticians. Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of single diagnosticians with the collective diagnosis of differently sized groups, we find that our method substantially increases diagnostic accuracy: While single diagnosticians achieved 46% accuracy, pooling the decisions of ten diagnosticians increased this to 76%. Improvements occurred across medical specialties, chief complaints, and diagnosticians’ tenure levels. Our results show the life-saving potential of tapping into the collective intelligence of the global medical community to reduce diagnostic errors and increase patient safety.
Physiological adaptation in flagellar architecture improves
Vibrio alginolyticus
chemotaxis in complex environments
Authors: Grognot Marianne , Nam Jong Woo , Elson Lauren E. , Taute Katja M.
Published: August 2023

Bacteria navigate natural habitats with a wide range of mechanical properties, from the ocean to the digestive tract and soil, by rotating helical flagella like propellers. Species differ in the number, position, and shape of their flagella, but the adaptive value of these flagellar architectures is unclear. Many species traverse multiple types of environments, such as pathogens inside and outside a host. We investigate the hypothesis that flagellar architectures mediate environment-specific benefits in the marine pathogen
Vibrio alginolyticus
which exhibits physiological adaptation to the mechanical environment. In addition to its single polar flagellum, the bacterium produces lateral flagella in environments that differ mechanically from water. These are known to facilitate surface motility and attachment. We use high-throughput 3D bacterial tracking to quantify chemotactic performance of both flagellar architectures in three archetypes of mechanical environments relevant to the bacterium’s native habitats: water, polymer solutions, and hydrogels. We reveal that lateral flagella impede chemotaxis in water by lowering the swimming speed but improve chemotaxis in both types of complex environments. Statistical trajectory analysis reveals two distinct underlying behavioral mechanisms: In viscous solutions of the polymer PVP K90, lateral flagella increase the swimming speed. In agar hydrogels, lateral flagella improve overall chemotactic performance, despite lowering the swimming speed, by preventing trapping in pores. Our findings show that lateral flagella are multipurpose tools with a wide range of applications beyond surfaces. They implicate flagellar architecture as a mediator of environment-specific benefits and point to a rich space of bacterial navigation behaviors in complex environments.
Amino acid–dependent regulation of insulin-like peptide signaling is mediated by TOR and GATA factors in the disease vector mosquito
Aedes aegypti
Authors: Ling Lin , Raikhel Alexander S.
Published: August 2023

Aedes aegypti
female mosquitoes require vertebrate blood for their egg production and consequently they become vectors of devastating human diseases. Amino acids (AAs) and nutrients originating from a blood meal activate vitellogenesis and fuel embryo development of anautogenous mosquitoes. Insulin-like peptides (ILPs) are indispensable in reproducing female mosquitoes, regulating glycogen and lipid metabolism, and other essential functions. However, how ILPs coordinate their action in response to the AA influx in mosquito reproduction was unknown. We report here that the AA/Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway regulates ILPs through GATA transcription factors (TFs). AA infusion combined with RNA-interference TOR silencing of revealed their differential action on ILPs, elevating circulating levels of several ILPs but inhibiting others, in the female mosquito. Experiments involving isoform-specific CRISPR-Cas9 genomic editing and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that the expression of
ilp4
,
ilp6
, and
ilp7
genes was inhibited by the GATA repressor (GATAr) isoform in response to low AA-TOR signaling, while the expression of
ilp1
,
ilp2
,
ilp3
,
ilp5
, and
ilp8
genes was activated by the GATA activator isoform after a blood meal in response to the increased AA-TOR signaling. FoxO, a downstream TF in the insulin pathway, was involved in the TOR-GATAr-mediated repression of
ilp4
,
ilp6
, and
ilp7
genes. This work uncovered how AA/TOR signaling controls the ILP pathway in modulation of metabolic requirements of reproducing female mosquitoes.
Keywords of the manosphere
Authors: McGlashan Mark , Krendel Alexandra
Published: August 2023

This paper examines language used in five of the largest manosphere communities on Reddit (r/TheRedPill, r/braincels, r/MensRights, r/seduction, and r/MGTOW) to identify idiosyncratic language use within these communities. To do so, a novel methodology which combines key-key-word analysis with notions from set theory was used to identify and compare keywords between corpora and to find keywords that are used uniquely within – and thus are distinctive to – these five separate communities. The paper achieves the following: it (i) presents a novel method for identifying what we term ‘complement keywords’ (keywords that are not shared between multiple different corpora when compared against the same reference corpus), and (ii) explores idiosyncratic language use in five separate manosphere communities. The analysis first examines interdiscursive relationships between communities emerging from the complement keywords identified before discussing community-specific preoccupations emergent in the idiosyncratic language use found in these five communities.
Cyclic oxidation and hot corrosion performance of direct metal laser sintered and wrought alloy 718 at 800°C in air and molten salts containing Na2SO4, V2O5 and NaCl
Authors: Muthu S. M. , Veeman Dhinakaran , Paul Shiladitya , Prem Kumar M.
Published: August 2023

The main aim of this research work is to investigate the high-temperature cyclic corrosion performance of the wrought and direct metal laser sintered (DMLS) alloy 718 in the air and molten salts NaCl-90%Na2SO4 and three salt mixture (3SM) Na2SO4-10%V2O5-10%NaCl atmosphere for 120 h at 800°C. The microstructure of the wrought and DMLS alloy illustrated the austenitic and dendrite structure. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to evaluate the structure and phase constitutions of the scale. Visual and microstructural evaluation of the alloy post-exposure indicates that corrosion is more prevalent in molten salt conditions, when compared to air, and Cl-species induced the active oxidation in molten salt. The oxide film development and damage mechanism were detailed and explained by a cross-sectional investigation. Significant spalling and sputtering were also noticed in the S3 salt mixture. This might be attributed to the rapid formation of oxide scales by vanadate, followed by dissolution of the oxide in molten sulphate and chloride. The results divulged that both AM-built and wrought alloy exhibited the similar corrosion properties and both the alloys were undergone severe degradation in MS condition.

Highlights Alloy 718 was fabricated successfully by the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) method. Cyclic high-temperature oxidation and corrosion of the alloy were studied at 800°C. The oxidised sample exhibits a lower weight gain with no damage. Due to chlorination and sulfidation, the corroded samples exhibited more oxidation and susceptible.
Effect of Ai–Si coating weights on corrosion of ultra-high-strength steel UsiborR 1500 used in automotive structures
Authors: Onyishi Hilary A. , Okafor Anthony C. , Sohmshetty Raj
Published: August 2023

Corrosion is a major factor that inhibits the longevity of automotive components especially in countries where significant amount of salt is sprayed on highways during winter. In this paper the effect of cosmetic, perforation and red pitting corrosion on indirect hot-stamped Ultra-High-Strength-Steel UsiborR 1500 were investigated using two different Al–Si coating weights AS80 and AS150. The experiments were conducted in a cyclic corrosion chamber over 12 weeks. The results show that AS150 and AS80 exhibited similar excellent perforation corrosion resistance compared to 22MnB5 due to highly protective corrosion products; Both AS80 and AS150 show maximum depth of corrosion attack less than 200 µm compared to 22MnB5 of 900 µm. AS150 displayed better resistance to cosmetic corrosion than AS80. AS80 coating shows higher resistance to red rust pitting corrosion than AS150. E-coat thickness of 15 µm results in higher resistance to red-pitting corrosion than lower e-coat of 8 µm.
Impact of Er substitution on the properties of NdFeO3: structural, magnetic and microwave absorption
Authors: Liang Qihua , Zhang Haowen , Tong Zhaofei , Guo Jinxiang , Wang Man , Yao Qingrong , Zhou Huaiying
Published: August 2023

As a rare earth ortho-ferrite, NdFeO3 has strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy and can be used for microwave absorption, but its own wave absorption performance is poor. In this paper, Er3+ replaces Nd3+ to improve its microwave performance. Nd1−xErxFeO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) was prepared by the sol -gel method. The hysteresis loops at 10 and 300 K are show that the saturation magnetisation increased with the doping content, its due to change of the magnetic moment direction and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy for the entry of Er. Meanwhile, this paper studied the ZFC-FC curve of 10 -300 K under 200 Oe and found that with the increase of doping content, the magnetic transition temperature gradually decreases. The entry of Er improves the dielectric properties of NdFeO3, there are a large number of oxygen vacancies and interface polarisation, which improves its absorption performance. When x = 0.15, the reflection loss reaches −39.21 dB and the bandwidth reaches 1.76 GHz, which can be applied to the Ku band microwave absorption field.
Influence of applied magnetic field in an air-breathing microwave plasma cathode
Authors: Tisaev M , Karadag B , Fabris A Lucca
Published: August 2023

The air-breathing electric propulsion concept refers to a spacecraft in very-low Earth orbit (VLEO) ingesting upper atmospheric air as propellant for an electric thruster. This compensates atmospheric drag and allows the spacecraft to maintain its orbital altitude, removing the need for on-board propellant storage and allowing an extended mission duration which is not limited by propellant exhaustion. There is a need for development of a robust, high current density and long life cathode (or neutralizer) for air-breathing electrostatic thrusters as conventional thermionic hollow cathodes are susceptible to oxygen poisoning. An Air-breathing Microwave Plasma CAThode is proposed to overcome this issue through the use of a microwave plasma discharge, producing an extracted current in the order of 1 A with 0.1 mg s−1 of air. In this paper, the effect of varying magnetic-field strength and topology is investigated by using an electromagnet coil, which reveals a significantly different behaviour for air compared to xenon. The extracted current with xenon increases by 3.9 times from the zero-field value up to a peak around 150 mT magnetic-field strength at the antenna, whereas an applied field does not increase the extracted current with air at nominal conditions. A non-zero magnetic-field with air is however beneficial for current extraction at reduced neutral densities. A distinct increase in extracted current is identified at low bias voltages with air for a field strength of around 50 mT at the internal microwave antenna, consistent across varying field topologies. The effect of a lowered magnetic-field strength in the orifice region is investigated through the use of a secondary coil, resulting in an extracted current increase of 25% for a relaxation from 6 mT to 1 mT, and demonstrating the beneficial impact of a locally reduced field strength on electron extraction.
A pre-seismic anomaly detection approach based on graph attention isomorphism network
Authors: Huang Yongming , Shi Wen , Zhu Kun’ao , Qiu Hongbin , Lu Yong , Liu Gaochuan , Zhang Guobao
Published: August 2023

Pre-seismic anomaly detection plays a crucial role in reducing economic losses and casualties caused by earthquakes. This paper proposes a novel four-step approach for pre-seismic anomaly detection. In the first step, a series of pre-seismic features are extracted by analyzing the earthquake catalog and geomagnetic signals. In the second step, the multi-view learning strategy is employed to obtain fusion features. In the third step, multiple seismic stations in one seismic zone are treated as a seismic station network, and a pre-seismic anomaly detection model is constructed based on the station network. In the final step, four evaluation indicators are introduced to comprehensively evaluate the detection results. Verification results show that the proposed method is effective and achieves better performance than other existing methods.
Dynamic characteristics analysis of an aeroengine rotor system subjected to aerodynamic excitation
Authors: Shao Jun , Wu Jigang , Zhang Yuan
Published: August 2023

This paper aims to investigate the dynamic characteristics of an aeroengine rotor subjected to aerodynamic excitation. Firstly, the dynamic model of the turbo-shaft engine rotor system is established by means of finite element (FE) method, taking into account the blade-tip clearance-induced aerodynamic force and oil-film force induced by squeeze film damper. Next, the critical speeds and mode shapes of the rotor are achieved by calculation, simulation and experiment to illustrate the validity of the established model. Then, using bifurcation diagram, rotating orbit and time-domain waveform, the dynamic responses of the turbo-shaft engine high-pressure (HP) rotor with aerodynamic excitation are analyzed, and the effects of blade-tip clearance, inlet and outlet angles on the dynamic responses of the rotor are discussed, respectively. The numerical results reveal that the system maintains a stable-periodic motion at low-speed region. In contrast, at high-speed region, there is a noticeable appearance of instability. Besides, the magnitude of the response decreases with the growth of the blade-tip clearance. The growth of the inlet angle will result in an increase of the magnitude of the response, and the magnitude of the response reduces with the growth of the outlet angle. The aerodynamic force at resonance is greater than that at non-resonance. The research results can assist in understanding the dynamic characteristics of the rotor subjected to aerodynamic excitation, and provide theoretical guidance for the structural design of an aeroengine rotor system.
Microdosimetric assessment about proton spread-out Bragg peak at different depths based on the normal human mesh-type cell population model
Authors: Kong Xianghui , Wang Yidi , Huang Jiachen , Zhang Wenyue , Du Chuansheng , Yin Yuchen , Xue Huiyuan , Gao Han , Liu Kun , Wu Tao , Sun Liang
Published: August 2023

Objective. In clinical proton therapy, the spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) is commonly used to fit the target shape. Dose depositions at microscopic sites vary, even with a consistent absorbed dose (

D

) in SOBP. In the present study, monolayer mesh-type cell population models were developed for microdosimetric assessment at different SOBP depths. Approach. Normal human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) and hepatocytes (L-O2) mesh-type cell models were constructed based on fluorescence tomography images of normal human cells. Particle transport simulation in cell populations was performed coupled with Monte Carlo software PHITS. The relationship between microdosimetry and macrodosimetry of SOBP at different depths was described by analyzing the microdosimetric indicators such as specific energy

z
,

specific energy distribution

f

z
,

D

,

and relative standard deviation

σ

z

/

z
¯

within cells. Additionally, the microdosimetric distributions characteristics and their contributing factors were also discussed. Main results. The microscopic dose distribution is strongly influenced by cellular size, shape, and material. The mean specific energy

z
¯

of nucleus and cytoplasm in the cell population is greater than the overall absorbed dose of the cell population model (

D

p

), with a maximum

z
¯

/

D

p

of 1.1. The cellular dose distribution is different between the BEAS-2B mesh-type model and its concentric ellipsoid geometry-type model, which difference in

z
¯

is about 10.3% for the nucleus and about 7.5% for the cytoplasm with the SOBP depth of 15 cm. When

D

= 2 Gy, the maximum

z

of L-O2 nucleus reaches 2.8 Gy and

σ

z

/

z
¯

is 5.1% at the mid-depth SOBP (16–18 cm); while the maximum

z

of the BEAS-2B nucleus reaches 2.2 Gy with only 2.7% of

σ

z

/

z
¯

. Significance. The significant variation of microdosimetric distributions of SOBP different depths indicates the necessity to use mesh-type cell population models, which have the potential to be compared with biological results and build the bio-physical model.