bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relevance of middle-income trap (MIT) to the vision-based development in Bangladesh
Authors: Akanda M. Aminul Islam
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate whether Bangladesh would avoid the middle-income trap (MIT) in its transition to a high-income country (HIC) according to its “Vision 2041”.

Design/methodology/approach

Using both actual and forecasted secondary data, three MIT models of different approaches were used to evaluate the government’s vision-based projections. Moreover, crucial indicators of deindustrialization and institutional strength were linked to the investigation of potential transitions.

Findings

According to the absolute definition and international forecasts, the Bangladesh economy might not fall into an MIT at its lower-middle-income level within the intended period due to being shorter than the defined limit. However, its real GDP per capita relative to the USA would remain far below the defined threshold limit of an upper-middle-income country (UMC) in 2041. Meanwhile, Bangladesh has reached the third of the five gradual phases and is awaiting a new transition in 2029. However, its vision-based plan would face challenges such as skills gaps, institutional reforms and successive global crises.

Practical implications

Bangladesh might be trapped in MIT at the UMC level in the 2030s, with no path to renovate after the demographic dividend ends in 2047. In this regard, the government must demonstrate a strong political will to ensure the effectiveness of its policies and the viability of its institutions.

Originality/value

This study not only compared projections to forecasts using different MIT models but also connected transition phases to industrial policies and institutional strengths.
Impact of information credibility on social media information adoption behavior: a systematic literature review
Authors: Khan Asim Mehmood , Soroya Saira Hanif , Mahmood Khalid
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this systematic literature review was to collect and review the studies published worldwide in English language presenting the persuasive role of information/content credibility (IC) on the information adoption behavior (IAB) of social media users.

Design/methodology/approach

The relevant literature was searched by the reviewers from two specialized databases, i.e. Library, Information Science and Technological Abstract (LISTA) and Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA), whereas five general databases, i.e. Emerald, Springer Link, Taylor and Francis Online, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global and Google Scholar, using the Internet (portal) services available at the two Pakistani universities, i.e. University of Sargodha and the University of the Punjab. The search was updated in February 2022.

Findings

The results of this study revealed that there was a significant impact of IC over the IAB of social media users.

Originality/value

This study is the first of its nature that aims to collect and present a systematic review of the literature based on empirical evidence of the influential role of IC on the IAB of social media users.
Implementing enterprise resource planning for lean waste minimisation: challenges and proposed strategies
Authors: Rasanjali W.A. , Mendis A.P.K.D. , Perera B.A.K.S. , Disaratna Vijitha
Published: November 2022

Purpose

In a conventional sense, information technology has frequently been considered a source of Lean waste management. However, as the corporate world evolves, new models that provide a competitive edge by merging technical breakthroughs with the Lean paradigm must be developed. Enterprise resource planning (ERP), which is such technological advancement, is found to be highly influential for Lean implementation. However, there is a dearth of literature on the adaptability of ERP to minimise Lean waste in the construction industry. This paper, therefore, aims to investigate the possibility of applying ERP to minimise Lean waste in the construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a qualitative approach, consisting of fifteen (15) expert interviews and code-based content analysis was used to analyse the empirical data.

Findings

The findings revealed the challenges faced when applying ERP with the Lean concept and the strategies that would help overcome the challenges. Most of the challenges could be overcome through training and awareness programmes and proper team management. The study also found that ERP could be applied with Lean to eliminate waste generation in the construction industry.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the theory by providing an evaluation of the possibility of adopting ERP to eliminate Lean waste in the construction industry. The study will contribute to new knowledge related to strategies for proper use of ERP for Lean waste minimisation, which will be useful for future researchers in the area.
Habitat detection, habitat choice copying or mating benefits: What drives conspecific attraction in a nomadic songbird?
Authors: Luepold Shannon Buckley , Kokko Hanna , Grendelmeier Alex , Pasinelli Gilberto
Published: November 2022

Conspecific attraction during habitat selection is common among animals, but the ultimate (i.e. fitness‐related) reasons for this behaviour often remain enigmatic.

We aimed to evaluate the following three hypotheses for conspecific attraction during the breeding season in male Wood Warblers (Phylloscopus sibilatrix): the habitat detection hypothesis, the habitat choice copying hypothesis and the female preference hypothesis. These hypotheses make different predictions with respect to the relative importance of social and nonsocial information during habitat assessment, and whether benefits accrue as a consequence of aggregation.

We tested the above hypotheses using a combination of a 2‐year playback experiment, spatial statistics and mate choice models.

The habitat detection hypothesis was the most likely explanation for conspecific attraction and aggregation in male Wood Warblers, based on the following results: (1) males were attracted to conspecific song playbacks, but fine‐scale habitat heterogeneity was the better predictor of spatial patterns in the density of settling males; (2) male pairing success did not increase, but instead slightly decreased, as connectivity with other males (i.e. the number and proximity of neighbouring males) increased.

Our study highlights how consideration of the process by which animals detect and assess habitat, together with the potential fitness consequences of resulting aggregations, are important for understanding conspecific attraction and spatially clustered distributions.
Contrasting soil‐ and canopy‐nurse effects in metalliferous systems may be explained by dominant plant functional strategies
Authors: Randé Hugo , Michalet Richard , Nemer David , Sappin‐Didier Valérie , Delerue Florian
Published: November 2022

Plant‐plant interaction studies in metalliferous systems have focused either on the role of facilitation or on negative effects of elemental allelopathy. However, no studies have investigated both of these effects in the same system, and their relationships with the functional strategy of the nurse species, although this is crucial for the ecological restoration of polluted sites.

We assessed the effects of two dominant nurse species, with apparent contrasting strategies, on two target species on a slag heap in the Pyrenees (France). We quantified both long‐term soil‐engineering and short‐term canopy effects on the growth of two target species. We also measured morphological traits and leaf metal concentration of the two nurse species and their effects on air moisture, temperature and vapour pressure deficit.

Nurse functional strategies, as inferred from morphological traits and leaf metal concentration seem to drive their long‐term soil engineering effects on target species: Gypsophila repens, the relative larger and more exploitative species with high leaf metal concentration, had negative long‐term effects likely due to elemental allelopathy, whereas Minuartia verna, the relative smaller and more conservative species with lower amount of metals in leaves, had neutral long‐term effects. Although Gypsophila repens had a slightly stronger positive effect on microclimate than Minuartia verna, this did not turn into higher short‐term effects for the target species.

Synthesis and applications: Our study highlights the diverse long and short‐term nurse effects on companion species in metalliferous systems. Different nurse species can improve the performance of companion species by mitigation of climatic stress, and ultimately help speed‐up the restoration of polluted environments. However, species status regarding leaf metal accumulation has to be verified. For species having a higher metal concentration in their leaves, positive microclimatic effects may be offset by local increase of soil contamination on the long‐term.
The ATO Longitudinal Information Files (ALife): Individuals—A New Dataset for Public Policy Research
Authors: Abhayaratna Thomas , Carter Andrew , Johnson Shane
Published: November 2022

The Australian Taxation Office Longitudinal Information Files: Individuals (ALife: Individuals), is one of the most comprehensive tax administrative datasets in the world. The ALife: Individuals dataset, which currently covers the period 1990‒1991 to 2017‒2018, is based on a 10 per cent longitudinal sample of administrative unit‐record personal income tax data. This new, high quality, longitudinal, de‐identified, research‐ready dataset is available to approved researchers through secure environments that safeguard taxpayers' information. The availability of ALife: Individuals opens exciting new possibilities for public policy research and evaluation that will improve understanding of taxpayer behaviour and support policy development and its administration.
Masculinities and men’s emotions in and after intimate partner relationships
Authors: Oliffe John L. , Broom Alex , Ridge Damien , Kelly Mary T. , Gonzalez Montaner Gabriela , Seidler Zac E. , Rice Simon M.
Published: November 2022

Men’s emotions in intimate partner relationships have received little research attention. The current interpretive descriptive study included 30 Canadian‐based men to address the research question: What are the connections between masculinities and men’s emotions in and after intimate partner relationships? Three inductively derived themes included emergent distressing emotions wherein participants’ predominance for holding in abeyance their concerns about the relationship manifested varying levels of emotional stoicism. Within this context most men denied or downplayed and did not express their emotions. When the relationship broke, men were overwhelmed by mixed and weighty break‐up emotions comprising diverse and often‐times discordant emotions, including sadness, shame, anger, regret and guilt, calling into question men’s rationality for deciphering and expressing what was concurrently but inexplicably felt. Shame and anger were prominent emotions demanding the participant’s attention to all that happened in and at the end of the relationship. In the third theme, understanding and transitioning after‐burn emotions, participant’s grief levered their efforts, including soliciting professional help for deconstructing, reframing and expressing their emotions in the aftermath of the partnership ending. The findings contextualise and in some instances counter claims about the utility of men’s emotional stoicism by mapping participants’ feelings in and after intimate partner relationships.
Understanding health inequalities through a practice‐oriented ‘capabilities’ perspective. Motherhood and leisure time physical activity
Authors: Spotswood Fiona , Gurrieri Lauren
Published: November 2022

In this article, we explore how a capabilities perspective can advance practice theoretic conceptualisations of persistent health inequalities. Specifically, we seek to understand the capabilities necessary for recruitment to leisure time physical activity (LTPA) practices by low SES mothers, a group traditionally excluded from LTPA. Our study illuminates that mothers living a life of social disadvantage face difficulties in becoming recruited to LTPA practices despite, in many cases, the availability of elements required for performance. We identify that temporal, support and energy capabilities are necessary for low SES mothers to become recruitable to LTPA. The dispossession of these capabilities signals inequalities in the constellation of practices that configure this group’s lived experiences, in turn giving rise to practice absence and further consolidating patterns of inequality. We offer a framework of practice capabilities and health inequalities to guide future practice‐oriented scholarship in the sociology of illness and health, which signals how capabilities may enable or constrain recruitment to health‐promoting practices, give rise to inequalities and condition the possibility of practice absence.
SPOTLIGHTING MIGRANT AGENCY: How Migratory Movements and Temporariness Drive Peripheral Urbanization in Mumbai's Agrarian‐urban Edge
Authors: Kamath Lalitha , Kotal Malay
Published: November 2022

In this article we look beyond dispossession by exclusionary urbanization to highlight the complex articulation of migration histories, speculative accumulation, translocal livelihoods and political practices that make up a mini‐city in Mumbai's periphery. We think from Mumbai's periphery as a site from where theory can be made to argue that existing frameworks of peripheral urbanization are territorially fixed, and that there is a need to expand beyond a focus on land dynamics to a discussion on migration, translocal residence and livelihoods. We propose three extensions. First, we argue that peripheral urbanization must expand to include multiple temporalities and agencies that play out in line with orientations toward permanence but also temporariness. Second, we stretch the idea of autoconstruction beyond the material realm to focus on autoconstructed alliances as a central component of participating in the capitalist commodification of land but also exceeding it. Third, in a situation where residents inhabit both temporariness and permanence, they collectively produce place as simultaneously way station and place‐in‐the‐making. We conclude the article by reflecting on what a peripheral urbanization reconfigured for mobility and temporariness means for social justice and inclusion of the (migrant) working poor in the city.
Cradle for the newborn Monochamus saltuarius: Microbial associates to ward off entomopathogens and disarm plant defense
Authors: Ge Si‐Xun , Li Jia‐Xing , Jiang Zhuo‐Heng , Zong Shi‐Xiang , Ren Li‐Li
Published: November 2022

The Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus saltuarius, as a beetle vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pine wood nematode), is an economically important forest pest in Eurasia. To feed on the phloem and xylem of conifers, M. saltuarius needs to overcome various stress factors, including coping with entomopathogenic bacteria and also various plant secondary compounds (PSCs). As an important adaptation strategy to colonize host trees, M. saltuarius deposit eggs in oviposition pits to shield their progeny. These pits harbor bacterial communities that are involved in the host adaptation of M. saltuarius to the conifers. However, the composition, origin, and functions of these oviposition pit bacteria are rarely understood. In this study, we investigated the bacterial community associated with M. saltuarius oviposition pits and their ability to degrade PSCs. Results showed that the bacterial community structure of M. saltuarius oviposition pits significantly differed from that of uninfected phloem. Also, the oviposition pit bacteria were predicted to be enriched in PSC degradation pathways. The microbial community also harbored a lethal strain of Serratia, which was significantly inhibited. Meanwhile, metatranscriptome analysis indicated that genes involved in PSCs degradation were expressed complementarily among the microbial communities of oviposition pits and secretions. In vitro degradation showed that bacteria cultured from oviposition pits degraded more monoterpenes and flavonoids than bacteria cultured from uninfected phloem isolates. Disinfection of oviposition pits increased the mortality of newly hatched larvae and resulted in a significant decrease in body weight in the early stages. Overall, our results reveal that M. saltuarius construct oviposition pits that harbor a diverse microbial community, with stronger PSCs degradation abilities and a low abundance of entomopathogenic bacteria, resulting in the increased fitness of newly hatched larvae.
Mergers and market power: evidence from rivals' responses in European markets
Authors: Stiebale Joel , Szücs Florian
Published: November 2022

We analyze the effects of M&A on the markups of non‐merging rival firms across a broad set of industries. We exploit expert market definitions from the European Commission's merger decisions to identify relevant competitors in narrowly defined product markets and estimate markups as a measure of market power. Our results indicate that rivals increase their markups after mergers. Consistent with increases in market power, the effects are particularly pronounced when pre‐merger concentration is high, when competitors are few, and when relevant markets are national. Merger rivals also reduce their employment, sales, and investment, whereas their profits increase.
Co‐creation of a student‐implemented allied health service in a First Nations remote community of East Arnhem Land, Australia
Authors: Barker Ruth , Witt Susan , Bird Katrina , Stothers Kylie , Armstrong Emily , Yunupingu Murphy Dhayirra , Marika Eunice Djerrkŋu , Brown Louise , Moore Renae , Campbell Narelle
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To co‐create a culturally responsive student‐implemented allied health service in a First Nations remote community and to determine the feasibility and acceptability of the service.

Design

Co‐creation involved a pragmatic iterative process, based on participatory action research approaches. Feasibility and acceptability were determined using a mixed‐method pre/postdesign.

Setting

The service was in Nhulunbuy, Yirrkala and surrounding remote First Nations communities of East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia.

Participants

Co‐creation of the service was facilitated by the Northern Australia Research Network, guided by Indigenous Allied Health Australia leadership, with East Arnhem local community organisations and community members. Co‐creation of the day‐to‐day service model involved local cultural consultants, service users and their families, staff of community organisations, students, supervisors, placement coordinators and a site administrator.

Findings

A reciprocal learning service model was co‐created in which culturally responsive practice was embedded. The service was feasible and acceptable: it was delivered as intended; resources were adequate; the service management system was workable; and the service was acceptable. Health outcome measures, however, were not appropriate to demonstrate impact, particularly through the lens of the people of East Arnhem. Recommendations for the service included: continuing the reciprocal learning service model in the long term; expanding to include all age groups; and connecting with visiting and community‐based services.

Conclusion

The co‐created service was feasible and acceptable. To demonstrate the impact of the service, measures of health service impact that are important to First Nations people living in remote communities of northern Australia are required.
Competing logics and reform strategies in local reform: A case study of administrative licensing reform in China
Authors: Yang Zhenjie , Liang Yuqing , Yu Mengyan
Published: November 2022

How to balance the market and the government to promote local economic development and provide sufficient public services has always been a challenging issue for leaders, in face of the existence of varied interests and values of different stakeholders. Conflicting values between the market and the government are directly related to the competing logics between market orientation and bureaucratic/administrative dominance. Since China's transition from the planned economy or government dominance to marketization in 1978, a series of national and local innovations has been launched. Among those reforms, policy entrepreneurs played a critical role. Administrative licensing reform was one of key changes from the planned economy to the marketized economy. Through a local case in administrative licensing reform, this study explores how a policy entrepreneur at local level applied reform strategies to balance conflicting values and constrain the self‐interested bureaucracy to achieve the marketization reform.
A semiparametric joint model for cluster size and subunit‐specific interval‐censored outcomes
Authors: Lee Chun Yin , Wong Kin Yau , Lam Kwok Fai , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar
Published: November 2022

Clustered data frequently arise in biomedical studies, where observations, or subunits, measured within a cluster are associated. The cluster size is said to be informative, if the outcome variable is associated with the number of subunits in a cluster. In most existing work, the informative cluster size issue is handled by marginal approaches based on within‐cluster resampling, or cluster‐weighted generalized estimating equations. Although these approaches yield consistent estimation of the marginal models, they do not allow estimation of within‐cluster associations and are generally inefficient. In this paper, we propose a semiparametric joint model for clustered interval‐censored event time data with informative cluster size. We use a random effect to account for the association among event times of the same cluster as well as the association between event times and the cluster size. For estimation, we propose a sieve maximum likelihood approach and devise a computationally‐efficient expectation‐maximization algorithm for implementation. The estimators are shown to be strongly consistent, with the Euclidean components being asymptotically normal and achieving semiparametric efficiency. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the finite‐sample performance, efficiency and robustness of the proposed method. We also illustrate our method via application to a motivating periodontal disease dataset.
A review of state regulations for child care: Preventing, recognizing and reporting child maltreatment
Authors: Grossman Elyse R. , McClendon Jasmine E. , Gielen Andrea C. , McDonald Eileen M. , Benjamin‐Neelon Sara E.
Published: November 2022

Background

Prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic, nearly 60% of children under 5 years of age were cared for in out‐of‐home child care arrangements in the United States. Thus, child care provides an opportunity to identify and address potential child maltreatment. However, during the pandemic, rates of reporting child maltreatment decreased—likely because children spent less time in the presence of mandated reporters. As children return to child care, states must have regulations in place to help child care providers prevent, recognize and report child maltreatment. However, little is known about the extent to which state regulations address child maltreatment. Therefore, the purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to assess state regulations related to child maltreatment and compare them to national standards.

Method

We reviewed state regulations for all 50 states and the District of Columbia for child care centres (‘centres’) and family child care homes (‘homes’) through 31 July 2021 and compared these regulations to eight national health and safety standards on child maltreatment. We coded regulations as either not meeting, partially meeting or fully meeting each standard.

Results

Three states (Colorado, Utah and Washington) had regulations for centres, and one state (Washington) had regulations for homes that at least partially met all eight national standards. Nearly all states had regulations consistent with the standards requiring that caregivers and teachers are mandated reporters of child maltreatment and requiring that they be trained in preventing, recognizing and reporting child maltreatment. One state (Hawaii) did not have regulations consistent with any of the national standards for either centres or homes.

Conclusions

Generally, states lacked regulations related to the prevention, recognition and reporting of child maltreatment for both centres and homes. Encouraging states to adopt regulations that meet national standards and further exploring their impact on child welfare are important next steps.
Auditory–limbic–cerebellum interactions and cognitive impairments in noise‐induced hearing loss
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Min , Feng Yuan , Wang Jian , Salvi Richard , Yin Xindao , Gao Jun , Chen Yu‐Chen
Published: November 2022

Aims

This study aimed to explore the neural substrate of hearing loss‐related central nervous system in rats and its correlation with cognition.

Methods

We identified the neural mechanism for these debilitating abnormalities by inducing a bilateral hearing loss animal model using intense broadband noise (122 dB of broadband noise for 2 h) and used the Morris water maze test to characterize the behavioral changes at 6 months post‐noise exposure. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted to clarify disrupted functional network using bilateral auditory cortex (ACx) as a seed. Structural diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was applied to illustrate characteristics of fibers in ACx and hippocampus. Pearson correlation was computed behavioral tests and other features.

Results

A deficit in spatial learning/memory, body weight, and negative correlation between them was observed. Functional connectivity revealed weakened coupling within the ACx and inferior colliculus, lateral lemniscus, the primary motor cortex, the olfactory tubercle, hippocampus, and the paraflocculus lobe of the cerebellum. The fiber number and mean length of ACx and different hippocampal subregions were also damaged in hearing loss rats.

Conclusion

A new model of auditory–limbic–cerebellum interactions accounting for noise‐induced hearing loss and cognitive impairments is proposed.
Preliminary feasibility of animated video education designed to empower patients’ referral to kidney transplantation
Authors: Kayler Liise K. , Keller Maria M. , Breckenridge Barbara , Feeley Thomas H. , Suboh Jamal , Tumiel‐Berhalter Laurene
Published: November 2022

Background

Referral for kidney transplantation is influenced by patient education; digital technologies can enhance broad information accessibility. This single‐group study tested the feasibility and acceptability of patient‐centered self‐directed educational animated videos to improve mediators of kidney transplant referral.

Methods

Community‐based adults with chronic kidney disease stage ≥4 invited from a clinical registry or self‐responding to flyers viewed eight sequential videos (19:36 min total duration) remotely on their own device. Change in kidney transplant knowledge, concerns, and confidence talking about kidney transplantation to doctors was assessed with self‐report surveys before and immediately after viewing. Program feedback was assessed by survey and self‐selected exit interview.

Results

Viewers of the video set (n = 50) demonstrated increases in mean kidney transplantation knowledge by +22%, confidence discussing with their doctor by +6%, and reductions in concerns by ‐2%. Knowledge results were consistent across age, race, and literacy level. Over 90% indicated positive ratings on understanding, engaging, and helpfulness. In post‐study interviews viewers indicated the videos promoted confidence in obtaining a kidney transplant and none reported that the 19‐min duration of the home education was too long.

Conclusion

The animated video education is promising to improve diverse individuals’ knowledge, concerns, and communication confidence about kidney transplantation and is highly acceptable.
A retrospective chart review of trauma‐related documentation in an Australian substance use treatment service
Authors: Harvey Logan R. , Hopkins Rachel , Truscott Melanie , Marel Christina , Slade Tim , Mills Katherine L.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Trauma exposure among clients of substance use treatment services is almost universal and rates of trauma‐related symptoms are correspondingly high. This study examined one aspect of clinical care—clinical documentation—and sought to systematically assess the documentation of trauma‐related comorbidities and their treatment in a substance use treatment setting.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted on a sample of 300 patient records in a public substance use treatment setting. Rates of documentation of trauma‐related events, symptoms and treatment, along with variables influencing the documentation of these issues, were examined.

Results

Trauma‐related documentation was present in 45.3% of records. There were documented trauma‐related symptoms in 15.3% of records, although treatment activities addressing trauma were only present in 2.3% of records. Being female (odds ratio [OR] 2.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42, 4.69), having prior mental health treatment (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.05, 1.12) and having more treatment sessions (OR 1.08, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.12) increased the odds of trauma‐related documentation being present, while being in the first episode of treatment (OR 0.49, 95% CI = 0.28, 0.84) decreased the odds.

Discussion and Conclusions

This study highlights significant under documentation of trauma‐related comorbidities in substance‐use treatment. There is limited evidence of consideration of trauma‐related symptoms or diagnoses, and trauma‐related comorbidities are rarely included in treatment planning activities. The lack of documented trauma‐related information has important clinical and medico‐legal implications for patients, and provides evidence to suggest a lack of integration of treatment for trauma‐related disorders in substance use settings.
Analysis of online rebates and commission formats in a retailer‐Stackelberg supply chain with cashback website
Authors: Xu Peng , Xiao Tiaojun
Published: November 2022

Motivated by the fact that many e‐tailers offer online rebates through cashback websites to attract more consumers, and wield channel leadership, we construct a retailer‐Stackelberg supply chain comprised of one e‐tailer, one manufacturer, and one cashback website. Cashback websites have two commission formats: sharing and fixed. We first explore the online rebate strategy of the e‐tailer (under the two commission formats); and then study the e‐tailer's commission format selection strategy when offering rebates. Our analysis reveals that: (i) the product valuation and fraction of low‐end consumers play key roles in shaping the e‐tailer's online rebate and commission format selection strategies; (ii) the e‐tailer's rebates increase the wholesale price under sharing commission, but decrease it under fixed commission; (iii) the e‐tailer's rebates may be a trap for consumers because they may pay a higher retail price after rebates; (iv) under both commissions, the e‐tailer's rebates hurt the manufacturer, but could enhance supply chain performance; and (v) when offering rebates, low‐end consumers and the manufacturer are better off under sharing commission if its product valuation is sufficiently low, while high‐end consumers are better off under fixed commission. Additionally, the e‐tailer has a stronger incentive to provide rebates when the manufacturer acts as the leader; temporary rebate promotion may lead to a triple win situation for the manufacturer, e‐tailer, and consumers.
The Midlife Crisis
Authors: Giuntella Osea , McManus Sally , Mujcic Redzo , Oswald Andrew J. , Powdthavee Nattavudh , Tohamy Ahmed
Published: November 2022

This paper documents a longitudinal crisis of midlife among the inhabitants of rich nations. Yet middle‐aged citizens in our datasets are close to their peak earnings, have typically experienced little or no illness, reside in some of the safest countries in the world, and live in the most prosperous era in human history. This is paradoxical and troubling. The finding is consistent, however, with the prediction—one little‐known to economists—of Elliott Jaques (1965). Our analysis does not rest on elementary cross‐sectional analysis. Instead, the paper uses panel and through‐time data on, in total, approximately 500,000 individuals. It checks that the key results are not due to cohort effects. Nor do we rely on simple life satisfaction measures. The paper shows that there are approximately quadratic hill‐shaped patterns in data on midlife suicide, sleeping problems, alcohol dependence, concentration difficulties, memory problems, intense job strain, disabling headaches, suicidal feelings, and extreme depression. We believe that the seriousness of this societal problem has not been grasped by the affluent world's policy‐makers.
A prediction model based on functional mitral regurgitation for the recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) after post‐circular pulmonary vein radiofrequency ablation (CPVA)
Authors: Sheng Jingyu , Yang Zhenni , Xu Min , Meng Jun , Gong Mingxia , Miao Yuxia
Published: November 2022

Aim

To construct a prediction model based on functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) to predict atrial fibrillation recurrence after the post‐circular pulmonary vein radiofrequency ablation (CPVA).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 289 patients with PAF who underwent CPVA for the first time. The patients were randomly divided into modeling group and verification group at the ratio of 75:25. In the modeling group, the multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze and construct a prediction model for post‐CPVA recurrence in PAF patients, which was then validated in the verification group.

Results

(1) After 3–6 months of follow‐up, the patients were divided into sinus rhythm group (252 cases) and recurrence group (24 cases); (2) In the modeling group, the age, left atrial diameter (LAD), and the degree of MR (mild, moderate, severe) were higher in recurrence group than that of the sinus rhythm group, and the left atrial appendage emptying velocity (LAAV) was lower in recurrence group (all p < .05). (3) A model for predicting the recurrence of PAF after radiofrequency ablation was constructed in the modeling group. The equation was: Logit(P) = −3.253 + .092 × age + 1.263 × mild MR + 2.325 × moderate MR + 5.111 × severe MR −.113 × LAAV. The area under the curve (AUC) of the model was .889 in modeling group and .866 in verification group, and the difference was not statistically significant (p > .05).

Conclusion

The prediction model of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after CPVA in PAF patients has good predictive efficacy, specificity, and accuracy.
Reference change value of global longitudinal strain in clinical practice: A test‐retest quality implementation project
Authors: Tuzovic Mirela , Tang Xiu , Francisco Nadia , Sell April , Drew Robert , Paloma Allan , Chow Judy , Liang David , Heidenreich Paul , Salerno Michael , Schnittger Ingela , Haddad Francois
Published: November 2022

Background

Reference change value (RCV) is used to assess the significance of the difference between two measurements after accounting for pre‐analytic, analytic, and within‐subject variability. The objective of the current study was to define the RCV for global longitudinal strain (GLS) using different semi‐automated software in standard clinical practice.

Methods

Using a test‐retest study design, we quantified the median coefficient of variation (CV) for GLS using AutoStrain and Automated Cardiac Motion Quantification (aCMQ) by Philips. Triplane left‐ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured for comparison. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to determine factors influencing test‐retest CV including image quality and the presence of segmental wall motion abnormalities (WMA). RCV was reported using a standard formula assuming two standard deviations for repeated measurements; results were also translated into Bayesian probability. Total measurement variation was described in terms of its three different components: pre‐analytic (acquisition), analytic (measuring variation), and within‐subject (biological) variation.

Result

Of the 44 individuals who were screened, 41 had adequate quality for strain quantification. The mean age of the cohort was 56.4 ± 16.8 years, 41% female, LVEF was 55.8 ± 9.8% and the median and interquartile range for LV GLS was −17.2 [−19.3 to −14.8]%. Autostrain was more time efficient (80% less analysis time) and had a lower total median CV than aCMQ (CV = 7.4% vs. 17.6%, p < .001). The total CV was higher in patients with WMA (6.4% vs. 13.2%, p = .035). In non‐segmental disease, the CV translates to a RCV of 15% (corresponding to a probability of real change of 80%). Assuming a within‐subject variability of 4.0%, the component analysis identified that inter‐reader variability accounts for 3.7% of the CV, while acquisition variability accounts for 4.0%.

Conclusion

Using test‐retest analysis and CVs, we find that an RCV of 15% for GLS represents an optimistic estimate in routine clinical practice. Based on our results, a higher RCV of 17%–21% is needed in order to provide a high probability of clinically meaningful change in GLS in all comers. The methodology presented here for determining measurement reproducibility and RCVs is easily translatable into clinical practice for any imaging parameter.
Association of resting left ventricular global longitudinal strain with myocardial perfusion abnormalities evaluated by 13N‐ammonia positron emission tomography in patients with stable angina pectoris and normal left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Yamabe Sayuri , Yamada Akira , Kawada Yuka , Ueda Sayano , Hoshino Naoki , Hoshino Meiko , Takada Kayoko , Sakaguchi Eirin , Ito Ryuta , Kakuno Motohiko , Sakakibara Takashi , Ohshima Satoru , Sarai Masayoshi , Izawa Hideo
Published: November 2022

Aims

Little is known about whether resting left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) impairment is associated with myocardial perfusion abnormalities evaluated using 13N‐ammonia positron emission tomography (13N‐NH3‐PET)‐myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). This study aimed to investigate the correlation between resting GLS and myocardial perfusion parameters in patients with a normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We evaluated whether resting GLS can predict myocardial perfusion abnormalities in these patients.

Methods and Results

We selected 157 patients with suspected stable angina pectoris who underwent both ATP‐stress NH3‐PET‐MPI and 2‐dimentional speckle tracing echocardiography. All subjects had a preserved LVEF and no known history of myocardial infarction. Patients were stratified into Group N (normal perfusion; summed stress score [SSS], 0–3; n = 101), Group M (mildly to moderately abnormal perfusion; SSS, 4–11; n = 41), or Group S (severely abnormal perfusion; SSS, 12+; n = 15). GLS was more impaired as myocardial perfusion abnormality severity increased (–17.9 ± 2.9% for Group N, –16.8 ± 3.1% for Group M, and –14.2 ± 3.5% for Group S; p < .001). GLS was weakly but significantly correlated with SSS (R = .32, p < .001), summed difference score (R = .32, p < .001), and myocardial blood flow during stress (R = –0.27, p < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male sex, diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure, and GLS were independent predictors of myocardial perfusion abnormality defined as Groups M and S. Additionally, the area under the curve for GLS for detecting myocardial perfusion abnormality was .65, and the optimal cutoff value for GLS was –16.5%, with sensitivity and specificity of 59% and 66%, respectively.

Conclusion

In patients with suspected angina pectoris, resting GLS impairment despite a normal LVEF might aid the detection of hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease.
A novel anatomic classification to guide transcatheter aortic valve replacement for pure aortic regurgitation
Authors: Chen Yang , Lu Zhi‐Nan , Yao Jing , Wang Mo‐yang , Niu Guan‐Nan , Zhang Hong‐Liang , Liu Qing‐Rong , Zhao Jie , Zhao Zhen‐Yan , Perrin Nils , Modine Thomas , Wu Yong‐Jian , Song Guang‐Yuan
Published: November 2022

Background

The success of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in native aortic regurgitation (AR) is limited by the absence of calcified anchoring structures. We sought to evaluate transfemoral TAVR in patients with native AR using a novel aortic root imaging classification.

Methods

From March to November 2021, 81 patients with severe AR were prospectively enrolled in 2 cardiac centers in China. All were evaluated using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and classified into 4 anatomic types in reference to transcatheter heart valve (THV) anchoring: Type 1: anchoring at the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), annulus, and ascending aorta (AA); Type 2: anchoring at the annulus and AA; Type 3: anchoring at the annulus and LVOT; and Type 4: anchoring at only 1 level or none at all. Based on the dual‐anchoring strategy, patients with Types 1–3 were considered TAVR candidates. Procedural and 30‐day outcomes were assessed according to Valve Academic Research Consortium‐3 definitions.

Results

TAVR was performed in 32 (39.5%) patients (71.9 ± 8.0 years of age, 71.9% were male) using 2 self‐expanding THVs. Types 1, 2, and 3 comprised 13 (40.6%), 11 (34.4%), and 8 (25.0%) cases, respectively. The procedural and device success rates were 100% and 93.8%, respectively, with 2 THV migration. Eight patients (25.0%) required a permanent pacemaker, and 2 (6.3%) developed moderate paravalvular leaks. No deaths or other major complications occurred during the study.

Conclusions

The novel anatomic classification and dual‐anchoring strategy were associated with a high procedural success rate with favorable short‐term safety and clinical outcomes.
Left atrial strain quantified after myocardial infarction is associated with early left ventricular remodeling
Authors: Legallois Damien , Hodzic Amir , Milliez Paul , Manrique Alain , Dolladille Charles , Saloux Eric , Beygui Farzin
Published: November 2022

Background

Left ventricular remodeling (LVR) is common and associated with adverse outcome after ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We aimed to investigate the association between left atrial (LA) mechanical function using speckle tracking imaging and early LVR at follow‐up in STEMI patients.

Methods

Baseline 3D thoracic echocardiograms were performed within 48 h following admission and at a median follow‐up of 7 months after STEMI. A > 20% increase in the left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic volume compared to baseline at follow‐up was defined as LVR. LA global longitudinal strain was evaluated for the reservoir, conduit, and contraction (LASct) phases.

Results

A total of 121 patients without clinical heart failure (HF) were prospectively included, between June 2015 and October 2018 (age 58.3 ± 12.5 years, male 98 (81%)). Baseline and follow‐up LV ejection fraction (LVEF) were 46.8% [41.0, 52.9] and 52.1% [45.8, 57.0] respectively (p < .001). Compared to other patients, those with LVR had significantly lower values of LASct at baseline (−7.4% [−10.1, −6.5] vs. −9.9% [−12.8, −8.1], p < .01), both on univariate and baseline LV volumes‐adjusted analyses. Baseline LA strain for reservoir and conduit phases were not associated with significant LVR at follow‐up. Intra‐ and interobserver analysis showed good reproducibility of LA strain.

Conclusions

Baseline LASct may help identifying patients without HF after STEMI who are at higher risk of further early LVR and subsequent HF and who may benefit from more intensive management.
Targeted Interleukin‐9 delivery in pulmonary hypertension: Comparison of immunocytokine formats and effector cell study
Authors: Heiss Judith , Grün Katja , Tempel Laura , Matasci Mattia , Schrepper Andrea , Schwarzer Michael , Bauer Reinhard , Förster Martin , Berndt Alexander , Jung Christian , Schulze P. Christian , Neri Dario , Franz Marcus
Published: November 2022

Aims

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is accompanied by pulmonary vascular remodelling. By targeted delivery of Interleukin‐9 (IL9) via the immunocytokine F8IL9, beneficial effects could be demonstrated in a mouse model of PH. This study aimed to compare two immunocytokine formats (single‐chain Fv and full IgG) and to identify potential target cells of IL9.

Methods

The Monocrotaline mouse model of PH (PH, n = 12) was chosen to evaluate the treatment effects of F8IL9F8 (n = 12) and F8IgGIL9 (n = 6) compared with sham‐induced animals (control, n = 10), the dual endothelin receptor antagonist Macitentan (MAC, n = 12) or IL9‐based immunocytokines with irrelevant antigen specificity (KSFIL9KSF, n = 12; KSFIgGIL9 n = 6). Besides comparative validation of treatment effects, the study was focused on the detection and quantification of mast cells (MCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs).

Results

There was a significantly elevated systolic right ventricular pressure (104 ± 36 vs. 45 ± 17 mmHg) and an impairment of right ventricular echocardiographic parameters (RVbasal: 2.52 ± 0.25 vs. 1.94 ± 0.13 mm) in untreated PH compared with controls (p < 0.05). Only the groups treated with F8IL9, irrespective of the format, showed consistent beneficial effects (p < 0.05). Moreover, F8IL9F8 but not F8IgGIL9 treatment significantly reduced lung tissue damage compared with untreated PH mice (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in Tregs in F8IL9‐treated compared with control animals, the untreated PH and the MAC group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Beneficial treatment effects of targeted IL9 delivery in a preclinical model of PH could be convincingly validated. IL9‐mediated recruitment of Tregs into lung tissue might play a crucial role in the induction of anti‐inflammatory and anti‐proliferative mechanisms potentially contributing to a novel disease‐modifying concept.
Conservative management of a lymphocele that formed shortly after creation of an arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis
Authors: Zhou Meixia , Behera Tapas Ranjan , Xu Beilei , Shen Quanquan
Published: November 2022

Patients with end‐stage renal disease require to establish vascular access for regular hemodialysis. The creation of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is usually a safe procedure; however, there could be complications such as bleeding, hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, thrombosis, infection, and steal syndrome. A rare complication of such vascular manipulation could be formation of lymphocele. We present a case of a 67‐year‐old man who presented with a progressively enlarging mass 12 days after the surgery for AVF creation at the site of surgery in the right upper arm. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a fluid‐filled cystic structure measuring about 4.2 × 3.6 × 1.9 cm under the skin just above the anastomosis. The fluid was aspirated using ultrasound‐guided fluoroscopy that relieved the swelling. The analysis of aspirate suggested the cyst to be a lymphocele. The mass re‐enlarged to its previous size in the next 3 days. While under observation for signs of complication, regular intermittent compression and a low‐fat diet completely resolved the lymphocele over the subsequent 3 months. The less common occurrence of such lymphocele post AVF creation needs to be evaluated for its potential for complication, in the absence of which the lymphocele is amenable to conservative management using regular intermittent compression and low‐fat oral diet.