bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KEBIJAKAN PENGANGGARAN DAERAH DIMASA PANDEMI COVID-19 (STUDY KASUS PADA PEMERINTAH DAERAH PROVINSI BANTEN)
Authors: Sanjaya Natta
Published: January 2021

The problem in this research, the Provincial Government of Banten faced on the condition of the regional economy sluggish due to pandemic Covid-19 so it requires a scheme of setting budgetary policy of regions, ranging from setting regional revenue, regional expenditure, up to the setting of local financing. According to the Circular Letter of the Minister of Finance and Minister of internal Affairs, Local Government is obliged to make the mechanism of setting the Budget Revenue and Expenditure through refocusing and reallocation of the budget. The purpose of this study is to determine how the policy of local budgeting in the pandemic Covid-19 study case on Local Government of Banten Province. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative using Purposive Sampling. The results showed the policy of the management of the regional budget in the pandemic Covid-19 at the Provincial Government of Banten that, the Provincial Government of Banten has been running a budget management in accordance with the directives and policies that have been set by the central government through the mechanism of refocusing and reallocation of the budget revenue, expenditure, and financing the area appropriately.
Does intense electoral competition increase the government health expenditure in EAs?
Authors: Lee Jeong Woo
Published: January 2021

Does intense electoral competition in
electoral autocracies (EAs) increase the government health expenditure?
Previous studies on EAs
and public health expenditure focus on the presence of multiparty
elections in EAs as a significant determinant on the expenditure. Most of
elections in EAs often are unfair because those are for the victory of
dictators; hence. multiparty elections per se do not capture well-known
impact of elections, such as the electoral competition increasing health
expenditure. Some EAs pay health expenditure less than others even though
electoral competition is high. This paper analyzes the effect of electoral
competition on the government health expenditure with the balanced panel data
of 20 EAs from 2001 to 2017. There are two rival arguments on how electoral
competition affect the expenditure according to previous studies; (a) a high
level of electoral competition indicates
a difficulty of dictatorial winning in elections. Autocrats,
hence, gather various demands including health issues from voters, and can
increase the government health expenditure; (b) Autocrats pursue the victory in
elections. Pork and personal benefits to voters rather than programmed policies
are helpful for the victory. Therefore, there is no incentive for autocrats to
provide government health expenditure to voters when the level of electoral
competition is high. Empirical findings demonstrate that electoral competition
in EAs lead the decrease of government health expenditure. This paper concludes
that electoral competition does not increase the public health expenditure; the
higher level of competition in autocracies does not mean that voters can exert
their power to autocrats to realize policies.
Does electoral competitiveness increase the government health expenditure in EAs?
Authors: Lee Jeong Woo
Published: January 2021

Previous studies on the public health
expenditure focus on the presence of multiparty elections in electoral
autocracies (EAs). Most of elections in EAs often are unfair because those are
for the victory of dictators. Multiparty elections per se do not capture
the impact of characteristics during elections such as the electoral
competitiveness in EAs. Some EAs pay health expenditure less than others even
though electoral competitiveness is high. I analyze the effect of electoral
competitiveness on the government health expenditure with the balanced panel
data of 20 EAs from 2001 to 2017. There are two rival arguments on how
electoral competitiveness affect the expenditure according to previous studies;
(a) a high level of electoral competitiveness stands for a difficulty of
dictatorial winning in elections. Autocrats, hence, gather various demands
including health issues from voters, and can increase the government health
expenditure; (b) Autocrats pursue the victory in elections. Pork and personal
benefits to voters rather than programmed policies are helpful for the victory.
Therefore, there is no incentive for autocrats to provide government health
policy to voters when the level of electoral competitiveness is high. Empirical
findings demonstrate that electoral competitiveness in EAs lead the decrease of
government health expenditure. This paper concludes that electoral
competitiveness does not increase the public health expenditure; the higher
level of competitiveness in autocracies does not mean that voters can exert
their power to autocrats to realize policies.
Perspectives on Leadership in Early Childhood Education and Care Centers Through Community of Practice
Authors: Heikkinen Kirsi-Marja , Ahtiainen Raisa , Fonsén Elina
Published: January 2021

In this
article we focus on the perceptions of Early Childhood Education and Care
(ECEC) directors, leaders on leadership through the concept of community of
practice and examine how it could be applied in the Finnish context during
times of change. Data on the perceptions of 15 ECEC centre directors were
collected via a focus group interview. The study employed qualitative content
analysis design. The results indicate that the formal leader has an important
role in leading the community. Moreover, building flexible leadership
structures and supporting all community members in developing the shared
pedagogical leadership are the building blocks of the future leadership as a
joint enterprise.
Enhanced recovery after surgery – possibility of implementation in the department of orthopedics and spine surgery in Poland
Authors:   Adult Spine Surgery Clinic, Clinical Hospital Wiktor Dega, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland, Dąbrowski Mikołaj , Kubaszewski Łukasz
Published: January 2021

The enhanced recovery after surgery protocol (ERAS) – is generally modern comprehensive perioperative care to improve the treatment results. It is more widely used in surgery, including orthopedics. Implementation of the ERAS protocol has been shown to accelerate post-operative recovery, shorten hospital stays, increase patient satisfaction, and improve clinical outcome. This article describes the main elements of the ERAS protocol with the stages that are possible to implement in Polish conditions.
Evacuation of the Crimea of 1920 according to the memoirs of contemporaries (to the centenary of the “Russian Exodus”)
Authors: Volodko Anna
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the events related with the evacuation of the defeated White Russian Army and civilians from the Crimea in November 1920 under the leadership of Lieutenant General Baron P.N. Wrangel. The developments in the South of Russia are analyzed on the basis of accounts by eyewitnesses. Special attention is paid to their estimates of the general situation of the White Crimea and P.N. Wrangel’s activities as its head, the weak points in the organization of the Peninsula’s defence, as well as issues concerning the planning and carrying out of the evacuation itself. The author concluded that in the given circumstances the efficient actions of Lieutenant General P.N. Wrangel, Commander in Chief of the Russian Army in the Crimea, ensured that as many White soldiers and civilians as possible were evacuated to Constantinople, thus saving them from imminent death during the consequent Red Terror.
The role of “personal factor” in British-Russian relations in 2016—2019
Authors: Valeeva-Khakimova Rimma Rimma
Published: January 2021

The article studies the key concepts and theories that had been forming the basis of Chilean multilateral diplomacy in 1990-2017. The author describes the essential pillars of Chilean foreign policy towards international organizations and offers its structured model-scheme which allows getting the systematic understanding of the related phenomena.
Resume Sejarah dan Pengertian Borland Delphi 7
Authors: Saputra Muhammad Ridho Febrian
Published: January 2021

Delphi adalah sebuah bahasa pemrograman visual di lingkungan windows ( under windows) yang menggunakan bahasa pascal sebagai Compiler. Keberadaan bahasa pemrograman Delphi tidak bisa dipisahkan dari bahasa Turbo pascal yang diluncurkan pada tahun 1983 oleh Borland International Incorporation. Dengan menggunakan Free Pascal yangmerupakan proyek opensource, bahasa ini dapat pula digunakan untuk membuat programyang berjalan di sistem operasi Mac OS X dan Windows CE.Khusus untuk pemrogaman database, Borland Delphi menyediakan fasilitas obyek yangkuat dan lengkap yang memudahkan programmer membuat program untuk aplikasi database.Format database yang dimiliki Delphi yaitu format database Paradox, dBase, MS Access,ODBC, SyBASE, Oracle dan lain-lain.
One Foot Out the Door: Stay/Leave Ambivalence Predicts Day-to-Day Fluctuations in Commitment and Intentions to End the Relationship
Authors: Joel Samantha , Stanton Sarah C. E. , Page-Gould Elizabeth , MacDonald Geoff
Published: January 2021

Why do some people maintain stable feelings of commitment toward their partners, whereas others’ feelings wax and wane from day to day? The current paper draws insight from decision conflict research suggesting that individuals torn between decision options are particularly susceptible to attitude change. In three samples, we validated a stay/leave ambivalence scale to capture internal conflict about whether to remain in versus exit a relationship. In two dyadic daily experience studies, individuals who felt more ambivalent about their relationships experienced greater daily fluctuation in commitment and breakup contemplation compared to less ambivalent individuals. Ambivalent individuals’ relationship intentions were also more strongly tied to their daily experiences, such that they felt more motivated to stay on days with greater relationship positivity, and more motivated to leave on days with greater relationship negativity. We discuss implications of these results for ambivalent individuals, their partners, and our understanding of stay/leave decision processes.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Keberhasilan Crowdfunding Melalui Kitabisa.com
Authors: Sayagiri Gofarna
Published: January 2021

Kemunculan media baru kian membuat manusia semakin berinovasi, perusahaan-perusahaan rintisan muncul dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan yang kian memudahkan. Berasal dari Indonesia, Kitabisa.com berdiri pada tahun 2013 sebagai platform berdonasi berbasis online. Pada platform ini, mulai dari individu hingga organisasi dapat memulai kampanye fundraising, ini berarti Kitabisa.com dapat mengumpulkan atensi publik. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor komprehensif dari crowdfunding yang sukses dalam platform ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif yang berisi pemaparan fenomena atau keterkaitan sesuatu dengan detail tanpa menguji hipotesis ataupun prediksi. Berpacu kepada model komunikasi Laswell (who, says what, in which channel, to whom, with what effect?), pembahasan topik ini dibagi menjadi beberapa indicator yang membagi faktor-faktor tersebut dengan berdasarkan apa yang dikemukakan Laswell. Ditemukan bahwa faktor-faktor tersebut berasal dari internal maupun eksternal penggalang dana, seperti jumlah share dan kemudian mengarah pada kepercayaan public yang bersumber dari transparansi, kredibilitas, kemudahan akses, urgensi, dan strategi pemasaran yang dapat menjaring kaum mayoritas sehingga kampanye tersebut dapat berjalan sesuai apa yang dikehendaki.
Timeless Data
Authors: Ho Manh-Toan
Published: January 2021

Despite modern technology, we still find ourselves immersed in the world of nostalgia. Vinyl records, black-and-white films, antiques, or classic books are all an embodiment of timelessness.
Program Meningkatkan Aktivitas Fisik Sebagai Wujud Gerakan Masyarakat Hidup Sehat (GERMAS) untuk Mencegah Penyakit PTM
Authors: Nurrohmah Meisi
Published: January 2021

Penyakit tidak menular (PTM) adalah jenis penyakit yang tidak dapat ditularkan dari orang ke orang melalui bentuk kontak apa pun. Meski demikian, beberapa macam penyakit tidak menular tersebut memiliki angka kematian yang cukup tinggi. Indonesia tengah menghadapi tantangan besar yakni meningkatnya penyakit tidak menular (PTM) dan penyakit-penyakit yang seharusnya sudah teratasi muncul kembali. Berdasarkan data dari WHO di tahun 2018, diperkirakan ada sekitar 41 juta orang yang meninggal akibat penyakit tidak menular setiap tahunnya. Data tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hampir 71% angka kematian di seluruh dunia disebabkan oleh penyakit tidak menular. Berdasarkan data yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, diperkirakan sedikitnya ada 1,4 juta orang meninggal setiap tahunnya akibat penyakit tidak menular. Kebanyakan penyakit tidak menular bersifat menahun (penyakit kronis). Dengan permasalahan tersebut diharapkan upaya meningkatkan aktivitas fisik dapat mencegah terjadinya PTM.
Oke
Authors: umaryadi Ganda
Published: January 2021

Jurnal ini berjudul “Dinamika komunikasi krisis identitas seni topeng malangan di adaptasi budaya masyarakat malang” penulis tertarik untuk meriview jurnal ini karena pertama membahas tentang budaya. kesenian Keunikan seni dan budaya daerah adalah sebuah identitas yang sudah mendarah daging dari dahulu dalam masyarakat homogen yang mempunyai suatu tujuan menjaga dan melestarikan identitas ras etnis. Seperti seni topeng malangan yang berasal dari malang(jawa timur). dimana biasa nya sebuah kesenian dari suatu daerah atau pun budaya di suatu daerah menjadi sebuah symbol dan ciri khas dari suatu daerah tempat asal kesenian tersebut dan di zaman sekarang banyak nya budaya dan kesenian dari luar yang muncul membuat berbagai krisis atau permasalahan yang muncul di daerah. Untuk itu penulis ingin meriview jurnal yang membahas tentang seni dan budaya di Indonesia salah satunya jurnal ini.
RESUME SISTEM OPERASI
Authors: Yusuf M.Maulana
Published: January 2021

Sistem operasi dan Komponen Sistem Operasi
Looking for Semantic Similarity: What a Vector Space Model of Semantics Can Tell Us About Attention in Real-world Scenes
Authors: Hayes Taylor R. , Henderson John M.
Published: January 2021

The visual world contains more information than we can perceive and understand in any given moment. Therefore, we must prioritize important scene regions for detailed analysis. Semantic knowledge gained through experience is theorized to play a central role in determining attentional priority in real- world scenes but is poorly understood. Here we examined the relationship between object semantics and attention by combining a vector space model of semantics with eye movements in scenes. Within this approach, the vector space semantic model served as the basis for a concept map, an index of the spatial distribution of the semantic similarity of objects across a given scene. The results showed a strong positive relationship between the semantic similarity of a scene region and viewers’ focus of attention, with greater attention to more semantically related scene regions. We conclude that object semantics play a critical role in guiding attention through real-world scenes.
Lockdowns and Suppression: Was it? Will it have been worth it?
Authors: Grove P G
Published: January 2021

The UK Government has not carried out an Impact Assessment of its Coronavirus policies. Such assessments are a normal part of Government policy formation and Ministers are expected to personally sign off policies as cost beneficial.This short paper considers a high level assessment of the kind that normally would have been produced (and could have been produced rapidly) before the introduction of the suppression or ‘lockdown’ policy on the 23rd March. The issue at question is the relative benefits of the mitigation policy, which was the standing Government pandemic policy until March 2020, compared with those of the ‘lockdown’ or suppression policy actually adopted in that month. It shows that all unquantifiable and the net quantifiable benefits favour the abandoned mitigation policy.Further it shows that an economically rational decision maker would have chosen the mitigation strategy, over’ lockdown’ even in March 2020.
Physics informed deep learning for coupled flow and poromechanics. Mandel’s problem
Authors: Dana Saumik , Kadeethum Teeratorn
Published: January 2021

We evaluate the performance of the physics informed deep learning paradigm for solving the Biot system modeling coupled flow and poromechanics using Mandel’s problem analytical solution. The solution presents a unique set of challenges to the deep learning paradigm, such as the disparity in expected orders of magnitude of the output variables as well as the non-monotonicity and steep gradient in one of the output variables in a certain spatio-temporal domain. We tackle those challenges in this work and comment on the effect of activation function and minimization algorithm on the deep learning framework.
Does Selection History Influence Attentional Capture by Threat in the Dot-Probe Task?
Authors: Maxwell Joshua W , Fang Lin , Carlson Joshua
Published: January 2021

Threatening stimuli are often thought to have sufficient potency to capture spatial attentional resources over neutral stimuli. But few studies have examined if implicit factors like the selection history of the threatening stimulus influences such cases of capture. Here we tested whether capture by threat in the recent past (i.e., the previous trial) would carryover, or influence capture by threat in the present (i.e., the current trial). In two highly powered dot-probe experiments, we observed a small and a reverse capture effect (sometimes referred to as avoidance) for fearful faces (n = 241) and threatening images (n = 82), respectively. Critically, we found no evidence of carryover effects for either type of threatening stimuli. We conclude that within the standard dot-probe paradigm, capture by threat in healthy adults is not moderated by the selection history for threatening stimuli.
MEASURING PSYCHOSOCIAL TRAUMA: A NEW INSTRUMENT
Authors: villagran loreto , Blanco Amalio , Olea Julio , Bilbao Marian
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was the design and validation of a Psychosocial Trauma Scale (PSTS). This instrument tried to capture the following theoretical dimensions: Pre-traumatic Situation, Destruction of Fundamental Beliefs; Intergroup Emotions, and Family and Community Destruction. In a first phase, we gather evidence for the items designed through content validation with experts. In a second phase, we explore the structure with EFA, reducing the number of items. The last phase was a divergent validation, applying the short version of PSTS with other validation scales (symptomatology of post-traumatic stress, psychological well-being, and social well-being). METHOD. A cross-sectional study was conducted, consisting of 382 individuals affected by political violence: civil war in El Salvador, forced displacement from Colombia, and victims of state violence from Chile. RESULTS. The content validation utilized 81 forms with 146 original items. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the PSTS had an internal structure partially differing from the one proposed, with two new emerging dimensions: Destruction of Sociality and Personal and Collective Self-Efficacy. The four dimensions found for PSTS were Pre-traumatic Situation, Destruction of Sociality, Personal and Collective Self-Efficacy and Intergroup Emotions. To examine divergent validity, we correlated these dimensions by using three different instruments, which showed coherent results. DISCUSSION. The dimensions of psychosocial trauma would complement PTSD or clinical measures. Future studies should expand and broaden the study of the psychosocial consequences of collective violence together with the properties of the presented instrument.
The Gendered Consequences of a Weak Infrastructure of Care: School Reopening Plans and Parents’ Employment During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Collins Caitlyn , Ruppanner Leah , Landivar Liana Christin , Scarborough William
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has upended in-person public education across the United States, a critical infrastructure of care that parents—especially mothers—depend on to work. To understand the nature and magnitude of school closures across states, we collected detailed primary data—the Elementary School Operating Status database (ESOS)—to measure the percentage of school districts offering in-person, remote, and hybrid instruction models for elementary schools by state in September 2020. We link these data to the Current Population Survey to evaluate the association between school reopening and parents’ labor force participation rates, comparing 2020 labor force participation rates to those observed pre-pandemic in 2019. We find that, across states, the maternal labor force participation rate fell to a greater extent than that of fathers. In 2019, mothers’ rate of labor force participation was about 18 percentage points lower than fathers’. By 2020, this gap grew by five percentage points in states where schools offered primarily remote instruction. We show that schools are a vital source of care for young children, and that without in-person instruction, mothers have been sidelined from the labor force. The longer these conditions remain in place, the more difficult it may be for mothers to fully recover from prolonged spells of non-employment, resulting in reduced occupational opportunities and lifetime earnings.
Expert endorsement and the legitimacy of public policy. Evidence from Covid19 mitigation strategies.
Authors: Bogliacino Francesco , Gómez Camilo Ernesto , Montealegre Felipe , Charris Rafael Alberto , codagnone cristiano
Published: January 2021

During a pandemic, the government requires active compliance by citizens. While these demands can be enforced with rewards and punishments, legitimacy allows the government to achieve the same results with greater cost effectiveness. In this article, we measure revealed legitimacy through support of three potential mitigation strategies against Covid19, when they are defended using expert endorsement, consultation by civil society, and mediation between opposing interests. We elicit approval of the supporting arguments and of the communication strategy. Our methodological choice was to randomly assign participants to either a non-conflicting priming or to one that emphasizes the risks involved, (e.g. connection between health and economy, uncertainty, and economic costs). The data come from an online experiment we conducted as part of a longitudinal study of several countries. The countries included are Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The results show that the support of experts in non-controversial domains is preferred (consensus of value, low uncertainty, diffuse rents). Contrary to our hypotheses, we found that citizen deliberation is not preferred under high epistemic uncertainty, and mediation is either indifferent or not preferred under conflict of value and conflict of interest.
Complexity of Knee Neuromuscular Control in Uninjured Physically Active Adults: Right/Left and Dominant/Nondominant Asymmetry Analyses
Authors: Clark Nicholas , Pethick Jamie
Published: January 2021

Context: Motor pathways include upper motor-neurons from the cerebrum and brainstem and lower motor-neurons from the spinal cord. Together, these physiological components are effectors of knee neuromuscular control. Because multiple components are involved, each with an output that is asynchronous to the others, ‘whole-system’ output is characterized by irregular temporal behavior and signal fluctuations. The irregular temporal behavior of physiological signals is analyzed using ‘complexity’. Complexity-based measures reflect the ability to adapt motor output rapidly and accurately in response to external perturbations and provide physiological information missed by magnitude-based (variability) measures.Objective: To characterize side-to-side symmetry of knee neuromuscular control (sub-maximal isometric knee extension constant-force task) using variability (coefficient of variation [CV%]) and complexity (approximate entropy [ApEn], detrended fluctuation analysis [DFA α]) measures.Design: Cross-sectional.Setting: Laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Sixteen (male/female n=11/5; age 24.0±5.3yr; height 1.74±0.08m; body-mass 68.3±11.1kg).Main Outcome Measure(s): Right/left and dominant/nondominant group-level (t-test) and individual-level (absolute-asymmetry [%]) comparisons. A limb-symmetry-index was calculated for each variable and clinically-signiﬁcant absolute-asymmetry deﬁned (>15%). Clinically-signiﬁcant absolute-asymmetry prevalence (%) was computed for each variable.Results: The only significant side-to-side difference was for right/left DFA α (P=.000). Maximum absolute-asymmetries were (right/left, dominant/nondominant): CV 18.2%, 18.0%; ApEn 34.5%, 32.3%; DFA α 4.9%, 5.0%. Clinically-significant absolute-asymmetry prevalence was (right/left, dominant/nondominant): CV 43.8%, 43.8%; ApEn 62.5%, 50.0%; DFA α 0.0%, 0.0%.Conclusions: Different side-to-side comparison methods yield different findings. Large proportions of participants demonstrated wide ranges of side-to-side absolute-asymmetries. The finding of a significant difference for the right/left DFA α comparison but not for the right/left ApEn comparison suggests that different complexity variables assess different aspects of complexity. Consideration for how side-to-side comparisons are performed (right/left, dominant/nondominant) is required. Approximate entropy and DFA α assess different aspects of complexity and both should be used alongside other traditional magnitude-based measures when studying knee neuromuscular control.
Rock support in hydropower projects of Nepal: case studies
Authors: Sunuwar Subas Chandra
Published: January 2021

The principal objective of rock support is to assist the rock mass to support itself. One common example is where the rock support system (e.g. rock bolts and shotcrete) actually becomes integrated with the rock mass. Rock support strengthens the rock mass surrounding an excavation by creating a reinforced zone, which maintains the integrity of the excavated surface, possesses sufficient flexibility to allow for the redistribution of stresses around the excavation, and has enough stiffness to minimise the dilation (opening) of discontinuities. Rock mass classification systems are used worldwide as a basis for tunnel support design. The Q and Rock Mass Rating systems have been extensively applied in rock support design on most of the hydropower projects in Nepal. Generic design guidelines based on rock mass classification systems cannot provide suitable rock support for every site. Therefore some modifications are necessary to suite the site-specific ground conditions including local rock mass and geological hazards.

There are relatively few tunnels excavated in the tectonically active Nepal Himalaya. Large diameter tunnels in Nepal are commonly lined with concrete whereas recently smaller-diameter tunnels are either shotcrete-lined or left unsupported. "Leaky" lining has been used in most of the projects to avoid the heavy reinforcement needed to withstand the occasional very high external water pressures.
A "Total Slope Analysis" methodology applied to an unstable rock slope in Washington, USA
Authors: Strouth A. , Eberhardt E. , Hungr O.
Published: January 2021

A "Total Slope Analysis" methodology, that combines several numerical techniques, is adopted to investigate an unstable rock slope in Washington State, USA. For this specific study, the distinct-element code UDEC is used to assess the stability and potential failure volume of the rockslide. Once the potential rockslide volume has been estimated and failure mechanism assessed, the runout path, distance and velocity are assessed using the dynamic or rheological flow model DAN3D. Site investigation and data reconnaissance plays an important role for both stages in the "Total Slope Analysis", including outcrop mapping, aerial photograph interpretation, scanline joint surveys and 3-D laser scanning.

The results of the "Total Slope Analysis" can be directly applied to assessment and mitigation of the landslide hazard, greatly aiding engineering judgment by providing key qualitative and quantitative insights into the risk analysis.
Praktyki dokumentowania i wykorzystania dziedzictwa kulturowego Śląska Cieszyńskiego od początku XIX wieku do wybuchu II wojny światowej
Authors: Studnicki Grzegorz
Published: January 2021

This article is devoted to an interest in local folk culture, regional heritage, and the past of Cieszyn Silesia, as well as to methods extending back through the 19th century for the documentation, popularization, and protection of the unique cultural knowledge of the region. Attention is primarily given to the activities of the Cieszyn Silesians themselves. The author examines multiple sources, including local periodicals, for elements of local culture (folklore, dialects, traditional outfits, customs). He tries to capture how the phenomena of cultural heritage is defined both regionally and nationally, and also how it can be used as a resource in tourism and in broadly-understood identity policy.
Ekspansja ludyczności w kulturze współczesnej
Authors: Hajduk-Nijakowska Janina
Published: January 2021

The process of the carnivalization of urban space is aided by contemporary media, which, in popularizing myriad events, amplifies community activities ranging from festivals to mass public shows connected with historical events. Contemporary fascination with such phenomena finds its sources in ritualized models of paratheatrical activity rooted in the traditions of peasant culture, as well as in forms of mass folk protest. As a result, we can observe the rapidly-developing ability of citydwellers to occupy public space while creating emotional communities that extend into virtual, and other, realms, with the aim of realizing political goals.
Utracone w XX wieku. O przeszłości podbełchatowskich wsi przed wydobyciem węgla brunatnego (zarys problematyki badawczej na wybranym przykładzie wsi Wola Grzymalina)
Authors: Czepas Piotr
Published: January 2021

This article presents ethnographic research undertaken in the region of Bałchatów at the initiative of the Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum in Łódź. The primary focus of the research is upon villages that do not exist at present, having been liquidated during the construction of the brown coal opencast mine known as “Bełchatów”. Of special interest has been the village of Wola Grzymalina, nonexistant since the 1980s. The study’s objective has been to reconstruct the village’s spatial layout, including traces of the social and economic lives of its residents, and to track the liquidation process itself. Special attention has been paid to the building industry, small industry and crafts, and commercial contacts. The study has also located material remnants of the former village which survived thanks to relocation. The research at hand is presented against a backdrop of the archaeological and ethnographic works which had been completed prior to the building of the mine.
Management model of education in managing superior in Al-Arief Jambi Islamic Vocational School
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi , Syahid Abdul , Ilyas M. , Kafrawi Kafrawi , Liriwati Fahrina Yustiasari
Published: January 2021

This paper's goal was to determine the school management model in realizing excellent superior schools in Islamic Vocational High School Al-Arief Jambi. To understand what model to use, we have chosen a descriptive design type with qualitative analysis under the phenomenology approach and in-depth interpretation to achieve this study question. We use a data collection method with several techniques, including direct observation with field studies, semi-structured interviews, and documentation to get data findings that we believe are valid and reliable. Finally, we can conclude our findings between the management of the implementation of education in Vocational High Schools at the Al-Arief Jambi Islamic Education foundation has been going as expected, such as 1) Educational Plan Sector, 2) Learners Development, 3) Fund Management, 4) Human Resources Sector, 5) Learning facility and Promomis, 6) Public Relations Sector. All of the functions we have mentioned allow significant changes to occur to make the school superior to other schools in Jambi and its surroundings.
Nomenclature of Phases and Constituents
Authors: Kennon Noel F.
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses the development of the nomenclature used to describe the constitution and structure of metals and alloys, particularly the phases observed in the microstructure of steel. It also points out some of the problems with current nomenclature and provides recommendations on how to avoid them.
CHARACTERISTIC OF MICROBIOCENOSIS OF THE GENITAL TRACT IN WOMEN OF FERTILIZED AGE OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Khaldarbekova G. Z.  , Kattakhodzhaeva M. H.
Published: January 2021

The article provides relevant data on the features of the microbiocenosis of the genital tract of women of fertile (childbearing) age. It is known that the microbiocenosis of the reproductive tract begins to form in a newborn girl 3-4 hours after birth, and throughout the neonatal period it is similar to the microbiocenosis of a woman of reproductive age. The key role in maintaining the health and normal functioning of the microbiocenosis of the female reproductive sphere belongs to lactobacilli, as the main component of the vaginal microflora. Microbiological disorders in this biotope usually lead to the development of chronic diseases of the pelvic organs. Based on recent studies on the relationship between the disturbance of the vaginal microflora with intestinal dysbiosis and chronic diseases of the nasopharyngeal biotope, it is relevant to study the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microflora of the reproductive tract, especially in pregnant women and after abortion (artificial termination of pregnancy) of women of fertile age in Uzbekistan.
Antiplatelet Therapy in Secondary Prevention in Patients with Ischaemic Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Chrbolka Pavel , Paluch Zoltán , Chrbolka Pavel , Pallag Gergely
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Globally, peripheral arterial disease affects almost 200 million individuals at high risk of
developing another type of cardiovascular disease with an annual incidence of cardiovascular events and
cardiovascular mortality of 4-5% and a risk of acute limb ischaemia and amputation of 5%. All patients with
clinical symptomatology of peripheral arterial disease should be treated with statins and antiplatelet drugs.
Evidence Acquisition: The authors provide an overview, from the perspective of a clinical pharmacologist,
of the pharmacokinetic properties of the antiplatelet agents available, mechanisms of their action, and
differences among individual agents in side effects, efficacy and safety as well as a comparison of clinical
trials.
Evidence Synthesis: In a significant proportion of patients, therapy with clopidogrel is modified, with
genetic polymorphism demonstrably preventing effective therapy in a proportion of patients. In cases where
an antiplatelet agent other than aspirin is chosen, clopidogrel therapy is rational only if a genetic mutation
resulting in ineffective therapy has been ruled out. Effective therapy can be accomplished using the more
modern antiplatelet agents with balanced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.
Conclusions: Several questions related to treatment of patients with peripheral arterial disease remain to be
answered. Expert views on recommended antiplatelet therapy diverge. It would be unethical to ignore the
fact that therapy may be ineffective in a proportion of clopidogrel-treated patients. Guidelines for the
treatment and prevention of peripheral arterial disease should offer alternative antiplatelet drugs or
recommendations to verify a patient´s genetic predisposition. Further clinical trials are warranted to assess
the efficacy of individual antiplatelet agents and doses thereof in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
Does the Unilateral Divorce Laws Cause Child Weight Gain?
Authors: Carvalho Rafaela Nogueira
Published: January 2021

This paper studies the impact of unilateral divorce laws on child weight gain. I use difference-in-differences approach exploiting time and state variation in the adoption of the unilateral divorce law. I analyze a comprehensive nationwide health examination survey (NHANES I) during 1971-1974. The results show that exposure to unilateral divorce law leads to bigger Body Mass Index (BMI) for children between 2 and 18 years.However, according to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), this weight gain is still under the normality patterns. I also investigate the possibles transmission mechanisms for the increase in BMI. Results indicate that for the specic age group of children between 7 and 18 years the exposure to unilateral divorce law leads to bigger BMI and bigger probability to be overweight.
Decisão Sobre Doação a uma Entidade do Terceiro Setor: Influência de Divulgação de Informações Financeiras e Não Financeiras
Authors: Pereira Mércia De Lima , Paiva Simone Bastos , Oliveira Ádria Tayllo Alves , Bezerra Elenildo Santos
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar como a divulgação das informações financeiras e não financeiras influenciam na decisão de se fazer doações a uma entidade do Terceiro Setor. O estudo classifica-se em qualitativo, documental, bibliográfico e experimental. Para sua aplicação utilizou-se dados reais de uma Associação para verificar as prováveis decisões de profissionais Contábeis, da Paraíba, quanto ao processo de doação. Para tal, elaborou-se um questionário online que foi encaminhado, via e-mail, a 133 indivíduos, destes, 45 o respondeu. Os resultados indicam que as informações não financeiras influenciam mais que as financeiras, tanto na decisão em doar quanto na quantia média de recursos a ser doada pelos indivíduos, sendo que o fato que mais influenciou na decisão em doar dos profissionais, a partir da análise das informações financeiras, foi a boa aplicação dos recursos e o no tocante as informações não financeiras, o que desperta a atenção dos doadores são os serviços prestados pela entidade.
Fim da Privacidade: divulgação e negociação de dados pessoais
Authors: Ruaro Regina Linden , Molinaro Carlos Alberto Da Silva
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo apresenta uma abordagem que nos leva a refletir acerca do fim da privacidade a partir de uma discussão das novas maneiras de relacionamento interpessoal e no ambiente digital, apresentado casos que demonstram tal realidade. Discute o fenômeno da comercialização de dados pessoais sob diversos aspectos. Aborda a forma de controle das informações e formação de perfis e diagnósticos nas relações de trabalho e nas novas formas de recrutamento de empregados, nas relações de consumo e o controle a partir da internet das coisas. Também debate os novos contornos da esfera pública em relação à esfera privada dos indivíduos e os controles digitais que alimentam os bancos de dados do Estado.
Como entendemos a Democracia?
Authors: Freire Ricardo Rodrigues
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a capacidade discricionária do Poder Executivo brasileiro para interpretar o conceito de Democracia. Com base na análise qualitativa das falas de atores políticos, do aparato legal e das referenciais teóricas que envolvem o conceito de democracia, o texto debate e referenda a existência de diferentes tipos de democracia no campo teorético. Todavia, no campo das práxis, são apresentados parâmetros que condicionam aquele que exerce o mandato de Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil a exercê-lo de forma própria, definida por marcos claros e explícitos que embasam a democracia nacional. Dessa forma, em que pese a diversidade de modelos de democracia na literatura, os quais permitem a construção de uma infinidade de conceitos, a sociedade brasileira, por meio de seu arcabouço jurídico, definiu o seu próprio entendimento sobre o Estado Democrático de Direito e, com isso, não deu margens ao Presidente da República para conjecturar quanto ao modelo de democracia de sua preferência para o exercício do mandato.
TERCEIRO SETOR NO BRASIL: SUA FUNÇÃO ECONÔMICO-SOCIAL E AS (DIS)FUNÇÕES BUROCRÁTICAS NA PARCERIA COM O PODER PÚBLICO.
Authors: Manaf Marcos Aurélio , Kerbauy Maria Teresa Miceli
Published: January 2021

O processo de publicização, tratado na reforma administrativa do Estado de 1995-1998, proporcionou o fortalecimento do Terceiro Setor no Brasil, bem como instituiu condições para as parcerias com as entidades consideradas públicas não estatais, a fim de melhor o desempenho dos serviços públicos à sociedade. Ao longo dos anos, a proposta da reforma nos anos 90 não se efetivou como o idealizado, e as condições das parcerias entre Poder Público e entidades públicas não estatais não se confirmaram a ponto do Estado brasileiro ser mais gerencial do que funcional, em grande parte por entraves e excessos burocráticos, que dificultam a efetivação dessas parcerias.
ANALYTICAL PROPOSAL FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE MOLECULAR EXCITATION LEVELS TO THE MEAN EXCITATION ENERGY: APPLICATION TO THE WATER MOLECULE
Authors:   1 Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola, CONICET, FAMAF, UNC, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina. 2 Laboratorio de Investigaciones e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X - LIIFAMIR x , FAMAF, UNC, Geser F.A. , Valente M. ,   1 Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola, CONICET, FAMAF, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina. 2 Laboratorio de Investigaciones e Instrumentación en Física Aplicada a la Medicina e Imágenes por Rayos X - LIIFAMIR x , FAMAF, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina. 3 Centro de Física e Ingeniería en Medicina CFIM, Depto. de Cs Físicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
Published: January 2021

The mean excitation energy  is a fundamental quantity in radiation physics, concerning energy deposition in matter and absorbed dose analytical estimations for charged particles. The stopping of swift ions in different materials strongly depends on this parameter among others. This work intends to fill in part, an empty hole in the theory of stopping power: the need of analitically and theoretically assess the hIi-value for materials. The definition of the mean excitation energy using the dielectric response function is analytically integrable if the inelastic cross section parameters are known. Some dielectric models were studied, aimed at calculating the hIi-value for liquid water by theoretical means, reaching the conclusion that a decay of the order of ω −2 in frequency (energy) is needed as weak condition of the optical energy-loss function for the integrals to converge. Afterwards, the first four discrete excitation levels and the diffuse bands for water are treated in a fully analytical scheme, and further compared with numerical results, providing the contribution of these levels to hIi, with the aim of testing the proposed analytical model.
Learning framework for the development of key skills in the hospitality industry
Authors: Domínguez Gisela , Fornells Herrera Albert
Published: January 2021

The hospitality sector is one of the most competitive industries and it is one of the leading engines of the world economy. The current crisis in the sector due to the COVID-19 makes organizations to consider more than ever the unique and the alignment of their services for becoming different from their competitors. In this sense, the hospitality skills have been identified as one of the crucial elements in the strategy by the companies because of the wide and diverse offer of tourism services and, at the same time, the new customer expectations which are pushing the organizations to create customized, unique and memorable experiences. Thus, this change of paradigm leads to a constant reflection on the quality that services should offer in line with customer expectations. The aim of this research is twofold. On the one hand, the article identifies service orientation, empathy and teamwork as key competences in the development of the hospitality skills. On the other hand, the paper presents a learning framework of those skills within the University studies. This framework proposes an incremental learning process organized in three phases -Discover, Reflection and Experience- through the period of the academic program. First, the identification of their hospitality profile based on the three skills is done through a discovered process. Next, students reflect about the contents and best practices related to strategical and operational aspects linked to the sector. Finally, students experience all the previous concepts through an internship. One of the main benefits of this learning framework is that allows academic supervisors to define goals and monitoring the achievement of these competences of the students along the different academic years.
METHODICAL PECULIARITIES IN THE USAGE OF ROLE PLAY IN STUDYING ENGLISH FOR THE NON-SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS AT THE ESTABLISHMENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors:   Ph.D, Associate Professor, Translation Theory and Practice Department, Classic Private University, BABENKO Kateryna
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The article determines the place of the role play at the English lessons in the institutes of higher education. The attention is focused on the studying of the subject «Foreign language» for the nonspecial departments. The role play is the active method of studying English language. The play motivates for foreign language learning, it stimulates for development of students’ unassisted activity. The role play helps to remember grammar structures of the English language. Using of communicative situations which are approximate to the real events take possibilities for students to deal with in foreign language more fluently. The purpose of the article is finding of basic principles of role plays’ putting into the educational process. The role play is necessary to realize on the different learning stages. The article is directed to the opening of the point of the using of the role plays in the studying process. The methods of playing elements, minigames, role plays are used to achieve this purpose. The place of these ways on the lessons is determined in dependence of the learning stage and students’ language training. Results. Realization of the role play is needed for im- portant preliminary work. Complex using of didactic principles activates students’ educational activity. Principles of novelty, scientific quality, unassisted, systematization, visualization, activity, and consciousness are used in the process of teaching subject. Originality. Students do differentiated tasks in response to their various levels and linguistic training. Students’ wish to say their own opinion in English is approved. Lexical units and clichés which were studied unassisted introduce in practical using at the lesson. So, it takes place mutual enrichment and improvement of lexical communication skills. Conclusion. Complex using of didactic principles helps to increase students’ interest for the educational subject «Foreign language». Communication skills in English are improved thanks to systematic and succession in mastering of new teaching material. Role plays motivate for effectiveness of studying on the preparatory stage. The role play using is the most effective under systematization and generalization of knowledge with the definite theme.