bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor revealing multi‐organ immunoglobulin G4‐related disease
Authors: Ben Salah Raida , Kammoun Sonda , Mefteh Ansar , Frikha Faten , Rekik Mona , Trigui Amira , Bahloul Zouhir
Published: November 2022

Relatively recently, the concept that immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)‐related disease is a distinct chronic inflammatory disorder rather than a subset of Sjögren's syndrome has been accepted. IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is a fibro‐inflammatory systemic immune‐mediated condition that can affect the pancreas, salivary glands, and lymph nodes. Almost every organ may be impacted synchronously or metachronously by this illness, which causes the development of sclerotic masses of varying sizes. Numerous other rheumatic diseases can present with characteristics of IgG4‐RD, making it difficult to distinguish between them. However, cases of IgG4‐RD involving the bilateral orbits, and pancreas with biological abnormalities are rare. We present a case of an 18‐year‐old female with vitiligo since the age of 3 years who presented with acute pancreatitis and acalculous cholecystitis, bilateral orbital masses, palpebral edema, and eosinophilia. The patient was diagnosed with IgG4‐RD in keeping with clinical presentation and the elevated serum IgG4 level and after elimination of other differential diagnoses. The patient's symptoms gradually relieved after glucocorticoid therapy. This case presents an uncommon combination of clinical features infrequently reported in the literature. Multi‐organ IgG4‐RD is a multisystemic mass, commonly creating diagnostic challenges for clinicians. Furthermore, and more importantly, it highlights the need to keep a differential of IgG4‐RD in mind, to aid in the early and correct treatment of the disease.
Enhancing the quality of allied health clinical supervision in a regional setting: An action research study
Authors: Gardner Marcus J. , McKinstry Carol , Perrin Byron M.
Published: November 2022

Objective

To explore and describe strategies to enhance the implementation of an organisational clinical supervision framework and subsequently inform the development of a model of implementation of clinical supervision for allied health professionals in a regional health care setting.

Setting

A large regional health service in Victoria, providing hospital, rehabilitation, community, mental health and aged care services.

Participants

Allied health managers employed at the health service were members of an action research group.

Design

This longitudinal study used an action research approach. The action research group informed the repeated cycles of planning, action and reflection. Data from recorded action research meetings were analysed using content analysis.

Results

The action research group met 11 times over a 5‐year period informing four action research cycles. Six main themes relating to factors that enhanced the quality of clinical supervision emerged from the analysis of the action research group data: purpose and value of clinical supervision; clinical supervision characteristics; differences between disciplines; framework development; training and support and implementation of clinical supervision.

Conclusion

The findings from this comprehensive longitudinal study provide evidence‐based approaches to the implementation of allied health clinical supervision. The action research approach used ensures that the strategies described are realistic and sustainable. A model has been developed to inform the implementation of clinical supervision for allied health.
IgG memory B cells expressing IL4R and FCER2 are associated with atopic diseases
Authors: Aranda Carlos J. , Gonzalez‐Kozlova Edgar , Saunders Sean P. , Fernandes‐Braga Weslley , Ota Miyo , Narayanan Sriram , He Jin‐Shu , Del Duca Ester , Swaroop Bose , Gnjatic Sacha , Shattner Gail , Reibman Joan , Soter Nicholas A. , Guttman‐Yassky Emma , Curotto de Lafaille Maria A.
Published: November 2022

Background

Atopic diseases are characterized by IgE antibody responses that are dependent on cognate CD4 T cell help and T cell‐produced IL‐4 and IL‐13. Current models of IgE cell differentiation point to the role of IgG memory B cells as precursors of pathogenic IgE plasma cells. The goal of this work was to identify intrinsic features of memory B cells that are associated with IgE production in atopic diseases.

Methods

Peripheral blood B lymphocytes were collected from individuals with physician diagnosed asthma or atopic dermatitis (AD) and from non‐atopic individuals. These samples were analyzed by spectral flow cytometry, single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), and in vitro activation assays.

Results

We identified a novel population of IgG memory B cells characterized by the expression of IL‐4/IL‐13 regulated genes FCER2/CD23, IL4R, IL13RA1, and IGHE, denoting a history of differentiation during type 2 immune responses. CD23+IL4R+IgG+ memory B cells had increased occurrence in individuals with atopic disease. Importantly, the frequency of CD23+IL4R+IgG+ memory B cells correlated with levels of circulating IgE. Consistently, in vitro stimulated B cells from atopic individuals generated more IgE+ cells than B cells from non‐atopic subjects.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that CD23+IL4R+ IgG+ memory B cells transcribing IGHE are potential precursors of IgE plasma cells and are linked to pathogenic IgE production.
Intramuscular adipogenesis in cattle: Effects of body fat distribution and macrophage infiltration
Authors: Yamada Tomoya
Published: November 2022

Ectopic fat is defined by the deposition of adipose tissue within non‐adipose tissue such as skeletal muscle. Japanese Black cattle (Wagyu) are characterized by the ability to accumulate high amounts of intramuscular adipose tissue. Obese conditions enhance the accumulation of ectopic fat. This review shows the effects of subcutaneous and visceral fat distribution on Wagyu intramuscular adipogenesis. Obese conditions also stimulate the macrophage infiltration into adipose tissues. Adipose tissue macrophages have reported to regulate adipose tissue growth and ectopic fat accumulation in humans and rodents. Wagyu is characterized by the higher capacity for intramuscular adipogenesis than Holsteins. This review discusses the depot‐specific effects of macrophage infiltration among subcutaneous, visceral, and intramuscular adipose tissue on intramuscular adipogenesis in Wagyu and Holstein cattle. Recently, metabolome analysis has been used to identify obesity‐related biomarkers by comparing the biological samples between lean and obese patients. This review introduces the metabolomic profiles of plasma and intramuscular adipose tissue between Wagyu and Holsteins.
Influence of loading and aging on the fracture strength of an injection‐molded two‐piece zirconia implant restored with a zirconia abutment
Authors: Kohal Ralf‐Joachim , von Schierholz Christopher , Nold Julian , Spies Benedikt C. , Adolfsson Erik , Vach Kirstin , Burkhardt Felix
Published: November 2022

Objective

To investigate the fracture strength and potential phase transformation of an injection‐molded two‐piece zirconia implant restored with a zirconia abutment after loading and/or aging.

Methods

Thirty‐two two‐piece zirconia implants (4.0 mm diameter) restored with zirconia abutments were embedded according to ISO 14801 and divided into four groups (n = 8/group): Three groups were either exclusively hydrothermally treated (group HT; 85°C), dynamically loaded (group DL; 107 cycles; 98 N), or subjected to both treatments simultaneously (group DL/HT). One group remained untreated (group 0). A sample from each group was cross‐sectioned and examined by scanning electron microscopy for possible crystal phase transformation. The remaining samples were then loaded to fracture in a static loading test. A one‐way ANOVA was used for statistical analyses.

Results

During dynamic loading, three implants of group DL and six implants of group DL/HT fractured at a load of 98 N. The fracture strength of group DL/HT (108 ± 141 Ncm) was significantly reduced compared to the other groups (group 0: 342 ± 36 Ncm; HT: 363 ± 49 Ncm; DL: 264 ± 198 Ncm) (p < .05). Fractures from group 0 and HT occurred at both implant and abutment level, whereas implants from group DL and DL/HT fractured only at implant level. A shallow monoclinic transformation zone of approximately 2 μm was observed following hydrothermal treatment.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that dynamic loading and the combination of loading and aging reduced the fracture strength of the implant abutment combination. Hydrothermal treatment caused a shallow transformation zone which had no influence on the fracture strength.
Work‐related and personal risk factors for occupational contact dermatitis: A systematic review of the literature with meta‐analysis
Authors: Schütte Marijke G. , Tamminga Sietske J. , de Groene Gerda J. , Kezic Sanja , van der Molen Henk F.
Published: November 2022

The objective of this review is to identify work‐related and personal risk factors for contact dermatitis (CD), and assess their association with this frequently occurring occupational disease. A systematic review of the literature from 1990 to June 2, 2020, was conducted using Medline and Embase. Prospective cohort and case–control studies were included, and meta‐analyses were conducted when feasible. Quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Twenty‐nine studies were identified, comprising 26 study populations and with a total of 846 209 participants investigating 52 risk factors for CD. Meta‐analyses were performed for five risk factors, all of them for irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). Moderate‐quality evidence was found for associations between wet work and ICD (OR: 1.56, 95%CI: 1.21–2.01). High‐quality evidence was found for the association between atopic dermatitis and ICD (OR: 2.44, 95%CI: 1.89–3.15). There was no evidence for an association between ICD and sex or history of hand dermatitis, respiratory and mucosal atopy. In conclusion, several work‐related and personal risk factors associated with CD were identified. Our data emphasize the need for the assessment of both, work‐related and personal, risk factors to prevent occupational CD.
Cancer patients with venous thromboembolism: Diagnostic and prognostic value of elevated D‐dimers
Authors: Koch Vitali , Martin Simon S. , Gruber‐Rouh Tatjana , Eichler Katrin , Mahmoudi Scherwin , Leistner David M. , Scholtz Jan‐Erik , Bernatz Simon , Puntmann Valentina O. , Nagel Eike , Booz Christian , D'Angelo Tommaso , Alizadeh Leona S. , Yel Ibrahim , Ziegengeist Nicole S. , Torgashov Katerina , Geyer Tobias , Hardt Stefan E. , Vogl Thomas J. , Gruenewald Leon D. , Giannitsis Evangelos
Published: November 2022

Background

D‐dimer testing is known to have a high sensitivity at simultaneously low specificity, resulting in nonspecific elevations in a variety of conditions.

Methods

This retrospective study sought to assess diagnostic and prognostic features of D‐dimers in cancer patients referred to the emergency department for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In total, 526 patients with a final adjudicated diagnosis of PE (n = 83) and DVT (n = 69) were enrolled, whereas 374 patients served as the comparative group, in which venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been excluded.

Results

For the identification of VTE, D‐dimers yielded the highest positive predictive value of 96% (95% confidence interval (CI), 85–99) at concentrations of 9.9 mg/L and a negative predictive value of 100% at .6 mg/L (95% CI, 97–100). At the established rule‐out cut‐off level of .5 mg/L, D‐dimers were found to be very sensitive (100%) at a moderate specificity of nearly 65%. Using an optimised cut‐off value of 4.9 mg/L increased the specificity to 95% for the detection of life‐threatening VTE at the cost of moderate sensitivities (64%). During a median follow‐up of 30 months, D‐dimers positively correlated with the reoccurrence of VTE (p = .0299) and mortality in both cancer patients with VTE (p < .0001) and without VTE (p = .0008).

Conclusions

Although D‐dimer testing in cancer patients is discouraged by current guidelines, very high concentrations above the 10‐fold upper reference limit contain diagnostic and prognostic information and might be helpful in risk assessment, while low concentrations remain useful for ruling out VTE.
The significance of partial migration for food web and ecosystem dynamics
Authors: Peller Tianna , Guichard Frédéric , Altermatt Florian
Published: November 2022

Migration is ubiquitous and can strongly shape food webs and ecosystems. Less familiar, however, is that the majority of life cycle, seasonal and diel migrations in nature are partial migrations: only a fraction of the population migrates while the other individuals remain in their resident ecosystem. Here, we demonstrate different impacts of partial migration rendering it fundamental to our understanding of the significance of migration for food web and ecosystem dynamics. First, partial migration affects the spatiotemporal distribution of individuals and the food web and ecosystem‐level processes they drive differently than expected under full migration. Second, whether an individual migrates or not is regularly correlated with morphological, physiological, and/or behavioural traits that shape its food‐web and ecosystem‐level impacts. Third, food web and ecosystem dynamics can drive the fraction of the population migrating, enabling the potential for feedbacks between the causes and consequences of migration within and across ecosystems. These impacts, individually and in combination, can yield unintuitive effects of migration and drive the dynamics, diversity and functions of ecosystems. By presenting the first full integration of partial migration and trophic (meta‐)community and (meta‐)ecosystem ecology, we provide a roadmap for studying how migration affects and is affected by ecosystem dynamics in a changing world.
A spatiotemporal‐distributed deep‐learning framework for KPI estimation of chemical processes with cascaded reactors
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Li Yonggang , Feng Zhenxiang , Sun Bei , Long Shuang , Luo Yanting
Published: November 2022

Online and accurate estimation of key performance indicators (KPI) is the foundation for operational optimization of a chemical process. However, a chemical process usually consists of multiple reactors, and the factors influencing KPI are spatially distributed in the long process flow. In addition, due to the distinct time lags between KPI and each reactor, temporal relationships among KPI and its influence factors are a mixture of short‐term and long‐term relationships. In this regard, a deep distributed KPI estimator with a self‐attention mechanism is proposed in this paper. First, considering the process topology, a cascaded long short‐term memory network is developed to simulate the process topology and capture the short‐term effects. Then, to extract the long‐term dependencies, a de‐noise self‐attention layer is employed to model interactions of all the influence factors explicitly and dynamically. Lastly, the proposed method is compared with typical state‐of‐the‐art methods using real industrial data. The comparison results illustrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed KPI estimation method.
Community‐based health literacy focused intervention for cervical cancer control among Black women living with human immunodeficiency virus: A randomized pilot trial
Authors: Han Hae‐Ra , Mendez Kyra J. W. , Perrin Nancy , Cudjoe Joycelyn , Taylor Gregory , Baker Dorcas , Murphy‐Stone Jeanne , Sharps Phyllis
Published: November 2022

Background

Health literacy plays an essential role in how individuals process health information to make decisions about health behaviours including cancer screening. Research is scarce to address health literacy as a strategy to improve cancer screening participation among women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), particularly Black women who, despite the heavy burden of cervical cancer, report consistently low screening rates.

Aim

To assess the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a health literacy‐focused intervention called CHECC‐uP—Community‐based, HEalth literacy focused intervention for Cervical Cancer control—among women living with HIV.

Methods

We conducted a community‐based, single‐blinded randomized pilot trial. A total of 123 eligible women were enrolled and randomized to one of two conditions, control (i.e., cervical cancer brochure) or intervention (cervical cancer brochure plus 30–60 min health literacy‐focused education followed by monthly phone counselling and navigation assistance for 6 months). Study assessments were done at baseline, 3 and 6 months. The final analysis sample included 58 women who completed all data points and whose Papanicolaou (Pap) test status was confirmed by medical records.

Results

All intervention participants who completed the programme would recommend the CHECC‐uP to other women living with HIV. However, adherence in the experimental conditions was low (49.6% attrition rate including 20 women who dropped out before the intervention began) due, in large part, to phone disconnection. Those who had received the intervention had a significantly higher Pap test rate compared to women in the control group at 6 months (50% vs. 21.9%, p = .025). Participation in the intervention programme was associated with improved health literacy and other psychosocial outcomes at 3 months but the trend was attenuated at 6 months.

Conclusions

The CHECC‐uP was highly acceptable and led to improved Pap testing rates among Black women living with HIV. Future research should consider addressing social determinants of health such as phone connectivity as part of designing a retention plan targeting low‐income Black women living with HIV.

Implications

The findings should be incorporated into a future intervention framework to fulfil the unmet needs of Black women living with HIV to facilitate their decision‐making about Pap test screening.

Patient or Public Contribution

Nineteen community members including women living with HIV along with HIV advocates and care providers participated in four focus groups to develop cervical cancer screening decision‐relevant information and the health literacy intervention. Additionally, a community advisory board was involved to provide guidance in the general design and conduct of the study.
Propofol dose and efficacy of defibrillation testing during implantation of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators: A retrospective, single center cohort study
Authors: Trolese Luca , Dall'Aglio Pietro Bernardo , Steinfurt Johannes , Gressler Alexander , Faber Thomas , Cipriani Alberto , Migliore Federico , Westermann Dirk , Hilgendorf Ingo , Jäckel Markus ,   Study Group
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Defibrillation testing (DFT) is recommended during subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) implantation. Previous studies analyzing the potential interference of propofol with defibrillation threshold are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether propofol affects DFT post S‐ICD placement.

Methods

All patients with S‐ICD implantation between 01/2017 and 11/2020 at the University Heart Center Freiburg were retrospectively analyzed. Two groups were generated depending on the success of the first shock during DFT. Implantation characteristics and dose of anesthetics were analyzed.

Results

In 12 of the included 80 (15%) patients, first shock during DFT failed. The absolute dose of propofol was significantly higher in patients with first shock failure (median 653 mg [IQR 503–855]) compared to patients with first shock termination (376 mg [200–600]; p = 0.027). Doses of opioids and midazolam as well as type of anesthesia did not differ between the groups. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis confirmed an independent association of first shock termination and propofol dose (per 100 mg: OR 0.73 (95% CI: 0.56–0.95); p = 0.021).

Conclusion

There is an independent association of propofol dose and first shock failure in routine S‐ICD defibrillation testing.
High sodium diet intake and cardiovascular diseases: An attributable death study in Tianjin, China
Authors: Xue Xiao‐Dan , Li Wei , Xie Mei‐Qiu , Wang De‐Zheng , Li Dan‐Dan , Xin Peng , Zheng Wen‐Long , Jiang Guo‐Hong
Published: November 2022

There is clear evidence that high sodium intake is associated with many health issues including hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Several national and worldwide studies have estimated deaths from CVDs attributable to high sodium. But how to evaluate the impact of high sodium intake on diseases using regional routine monitoring and investigation data is necessary and important. Our study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the high sodium intake attributed to CVDs deaths based on the routine monitoring data from China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) in Tianjin, China. The population attributable fractions (PAF) were calculated by comparing the observed systolic blood pressure (SBP) distribution with the theoretical minimum or counterfactual distribution by sex and age groups. The results showed that CVDs deaths due to elevated SBP were 22728 (95% uncertainty intervals: 22679‐23050), accounting for 62.8% of total CVDs deaths. According to sodium intake recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), PAF of CVDs deaths attributable to high sodium diet in our study was 14.6% of total CVDs deaths, accounting for 5228 (95% UI: 5005–5998) cases. The dietary sodium intake of residents is nearly three times than sodium intake recommended by WHO. If sodium intake was reduced to reference level, the potential avoidable CVD deaths attributable to the SBP‐raising effect were more than 5200 among adults 25 aged and over in Tianjin. This evaluation method can be extended to other cities.
Immediate effect of textured insoles on the balance in patients with diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Alaee Seyed Javad , Barati Kourosh , Hajiaghaei Behnam , Ghomian Banafshe , Moradi Sedigheh , Poorpirali Marziyeh
Published: November 2022

Aims/Introduction

Neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes that reduces balance by disrupting vision, and the sensory and vestibular systems. This is important in older adults who are more at risk of falling. Studies show that improving the sensory mechanisms through insoles can improve balance in people with balance disorders. As textured insoles have recently been considered for improving balance disorders, this study aimed to investigate the immediate effect of textured insoles on the balance of patients with diabetic neuropathy.

Materials and Methods

A total of 17 patients with diabetic neuropathy participated in this quasi‐experimental study. The studied variables were the general balance index, posterior–anterior balance index and medial‐lateral balance index, which were measured in three conditions: (i) soft textured insoles; (ii) hard textured insoles; and (iii) without textured insoles. A Biodex balance device was used for this purpose.

Results

In the general balance index, there was a significant difference between all the studied conditions. In the posterior–anterior balance index, there was a significant difference between without textured insole and hard textured insoles, and also soft and hard textured insoles. In the medial‐lateral balance index, there was a significant difference between the hard textured insoles and without textured insoles, and also soft and hard textured insoles (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Wearing textured insoles can increase the balance in patients with diabetic neuropathy. This can be due to its effect on the sensory feedback of the soles, improving the proprioception and tactile sensors that are the main sources of balance.
Role of adenosine A2A receptors in the loss of consciousness induced by propofol anesthesia
Authors: Guo Meimei , Wang Jie , Yuan Yikang , Chen Lei , He Jingang , Wei Wei , Xu Fuqiang , Liu Qing , Peng Mian
Published: November 2022

The mechanism of propofol‐anesthesia‐induced loss of consciousness (LOC) remains largely unknown. We speculated that the adenosine A2A receptor serves as a vital molecular target in regulating LOC states under propofol anesthesia. c‐Fos staining helped observe the changes in the neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Initially, the adenosine signals in the NAc were measured under propofol anesthesia using fiber photometry recordings. Then, behavior tests and electrophysiological recordings were used to verify the effect of systemic A2AR agonist or antagonist treatment on propofol anesthesia. Next, the microinjection technique was used to clarify the role of the NAc A2AR under propofol anesthesia. Fiber photometry recordings were applied to assess the effect of A2AR agonist or antagonist systemic treatment on adenosine signal alterations in the NAc during propofol anesthesia. Then, as the GABAergic neurons are the main neurons in the NAc, we further measured the neuronal activity of GABAergic neurons. In our study, propofol anesthesia enhanced the neuronal activity in the NAc, and the adenosine signals were increased in the NAc. SCH58261 reduced the LOC time and sedative depth, while CGS21680 increased those via intraperitoneal injection. Additionally, CGS21680 increased the changes in delta, theta, alpha, beta, and low‐gamma oscillations in the NAc. Moreover, microinjection of SCH58261 significantly shortened the LOC time, whereas microinjection of CGS21680 into the NAc significantly prolonged the LOC duration. The results illustrated that after A2AR agonist administration, the level of extracellular adenosine signals in the NAc was decreased and the neuronal activity of GABAergic neurons was enhanced, whereas after A2AR antagonist administration via intraperitoneal injection, the opposite occurred. This study reveals the vital role of the A2AR in propofol‐induced LOC and that the A2AR could affect the maintenance of propofol anesthesia.

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What kind of region reaps the benefits of a currency union?
Authors: Cerqua Augusto , Di Stefano Roberta , Pellegrini Guido
Published: November 2022

What is the economic impact of joining a currency union? Is this impact heterogeneous across regions? And how does it change in case of a recession? We answer these questions by investigating the economic impact of joining the euro area for the latecomers, that is, the eastern European countries that adopted the euro after 2002. Differently from previous literature, we use NUTS‐2 regions as units of analysis. This novelty allows us to investigate the theoretical predictions of a currency union impact at a more appropriate geographical level. Using a recently developed counterfactual approach, we estimate the overall as well as the disaggregated impact of joining the euro area. We find that the adoption of the euro brought about a small positive effect, which was, however, dampened by the Great Recession. Individual regional estimates suggest heterogeneous returns with benefits accruing mostly to core regions.
Re‐engagement of Early Adolescents with Severe School Issues in School/Professional Project Reduces School‐Behavior‐Health Problems
Authors: Chau Kénora , Brard Emmanuelle , Riff Maria
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

In France, 3.2 million middle‐school students have serious/persistent school difficulties and are re‐engaged in adapted‐general/vocational‐education class (AGVEC), created to early re‐engage them in school/professional projects. We assessed the AGVEC's benefits for school‐behavior‐health‐related difficulties (SBHDs).

METHODS

This population‐based study compared 83 AGVEC students (mean age = 14.4 ± 1.1) with 1559 regular‐class students (mean age = 13.5 ± 1.3) from north‐eastern France. They completed a questionnaire collecting socioeconomic features and SBHDs. The data were analyzed using logistic regression models and Kaplan‐Meier estimates.

RESULTS

The AGVEC students had similar academic performance but fewer school absences due to health problems, less sleep difficulty, fewer depressive symptoms, and more social support as compared with regular‐class students: sex‐age‐class‐level‐adjusted odds ratio (saclOR) 0.31‐0.56 (p < 0.05/0.001). The AGVEC students had fewer skipping school, better health status, less sleep difficulty, fewer depressive symptoms, fewer suicide ideation/attempt, and more social support as compared with regular‐class students with low academic performance: saclOR 0.22‐0.52 (most with p < 0.01). Socioeconomic features played modest roles. The benefits for depressive symptoms and suicide attempt increased with age since age 10.

CONCLUSIONS

Re‐engagement in the AGVEC is particularly effective in reducing SBHDs.
Weak direct current exerts synergistic effect with antibiotics and reduces the antibiotic resistance: An in vitro subgingival plaque biofilm model
Authors: Zou Peihui , Wang Yanfeng , Cao Pei , Li Peng , Liu Jia , Luan Qingxian
Published: November 2022

Background and Objective

Weak direct current (DC) exerts killing effect and synergistic killing effect with antibiotics in some specific bacteria biofilms. However, the potential of weak DC alone or combined with periodontal antibiotics in controlling periodontal pathogens and plaque biofilms remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate whether weak DC could exert the anti‐biofilm effect or enhance the killing effect of metronidazole (MTZ) and/or amoxicillin–clavulanate potassium (AMC) on subgingival plaque biofilms, by constructing an in vitro subgingival plaque biofilm model.

Methods

The pooled subgingival plaque and saliva of patients with periodontitis (n = 10) were collected and cultured anaerobically on hydroxyapatite disks in vitro for 48 h to construct the subgingival plaque biofilm model. Then such models were stimulated with 0 μA DC alone (20 min/12 h), 1000 μA DC alone (20 min/12 h), 16 μg/ml MTZ, 16 μg/ml AMC or their combination, respectively. Through viable bacteria counting, metabolic activity assay, quantitative real‐time PCR absolute quantification and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, the anti‐biofilm effect of 1000 μA DC and enhanced killing effects of 1000 μA DC combined with antibiotics (MTZ, AMC or MTZ+AMC) were explored.

Results

The old subgingival plaque model (48 h) had no significant difference in total bacterial loads from subgingival plaque in situ, which achieved a similarity of 80%. The 1000 μA DC plus MTZ or AMC for 12 h showed a stronger synergistic killing effect than the same combination for 20 min. The metabolic activity was reduced to the lowest by DC plus MTZ+AMC, as 37.4% of that in the control group, while average synergistic killing effect reached 1.06 log units and average total bacterial loads decreased to 0.87 log units. Furthermore, the relative abundance of the genera Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Treponema_2, and Tannerella were decreased significantly.

Conclusion

The presence of weak DC (1000 μA) improved the killing effect of antibiotics on subgingival plaque biofilms, which might provide a novel strategy to reduce their antibiotic resistance.
Nursing staff compliance and adherence to standard precautions during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Berdida Daniel Joseph E.
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the compliance and adherence of nursing staff (nurses, nursing assistants, and midwives) to standard precautions (SPs). A cross‐sectional design while adhering to STROBE guidelines was used for this study. Nursing staff from a government tertiary hospital (n = 515) were recruited and completed the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS) and Factors Influencing Adherence to Standard Precautions Scale (FIASPS). Analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The overall average compliance with the SPs of the nursing staff was suboptimal, and the disposal of sharps domain had the lowest compliance. Nurses were more compliant with sharps disposal, and nursing assistants with waste disposal. Contextual cues were the most influential factor influencing participants' adherence to SPs. All CSPS domains were significantly correlated with the Contextual cues factor of the FIASPS. Finally, service years and educational attainment were significant predictors of SPs adherence. The findings underscore the organization's critical responsibility for actively enforcing policies using monitoring systems and contextual cues in the workplace to ensure staff compliance and adherence with SPs.
Benefit of extending the protocol for high resolution manometry according to the version 4.0 of the Chicago criteria. A multicenter study
Authors: Alcalá‐González Luis G. , Ezquerra‐Duran Alberto , Aguilar Ariadna , Barber Claudia , Barba Elizabeth , Araujo Isis K. , Marin Ingrid , Naves Juan , Serra Jordi
Published: November 2022

Background

The last version of the Chicago Criteria for high resolution esophageal manometry proposes an expanded protocol including complementary maneuvers to improve the diagnostic yield of the exploration. Our aim was to determine the diagnostic gain of the CCv4.0 protocol compared to the CCv3.0 protocol.

Methods

All manometry recordings performed in 4 reference centers during the first 10 months after the implementation of the new protocol were retrospectively reviewed. The time spent to complete the protocol was measured, and the changes in diagnosis resulting from the new CCv4.0 were compared to CCv3.0.

Key Results

From a total of 756 HRM performed, 606 studies could be properly analyzed. The duration of the studies was 18.3 ± 4.3 min. From these, 11.3 ± 3.4 min were spent to complete the CCv3.0 protocol, and 7.4 ± 3.6 min were spent for the remaining maneuvers. A discordant diagnosis between CCv3.0 and CCv4.0 was obtained in 12% of patients: 32% of patients with ineffective esophageal motility turned to normal motility; 24% of patients with esophagogastric junction outlet obstruction (EGJOO) turned to a non‐obstructive disorder; and 1% of patients with an apparently normal EGJ relaxation, turned to an obstructive disorder. EGJOO according to CCv4.0 was more prevalent in patients referred for dysphagia (11%) than those referred for GERD (4%; p = 0.003).

Conclusions and Inferences

Prolongation of the time spent to complete the CCv4.0 protocol leads to a change in the diagnosis of 12% of patients. Clinically relevant changes are mainly related to the evaluation of EGJOO.
Defining patient‐centered research priorities in pediatric dermatology
Authors: Neale Holly , Schrandt Suz , Abbott Becky M. , Austin Jennifer , Brand Callista , Camp Karen , Devenport Katherine , Hall Michelle , Isbell Lauren , Miciano Charlene , Pry Sarah , Quinn Paula , Rittle James , Tenconi Francesca , Terrell Julia , Weiss Meredith , Zavitz Sam , Siegel Michael
Published: November 2022

Background/Objectives

Patient and caregiver perspectives are critical in understanding dermatologic disease impact, presentation, and management in children. The Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance (PeDRA) Patient Advisory Committee (PtAC), a group of patient representatives and parents of children with cutaneous disease, pursued a multistep, iterative, consensus‐building process to identify comprehensive, high‐priority research needs.

Methods

Building on discussions at the 2020 PeDRA Annual Conference, a research prioritization survey was developed and completed by PtAC members. Survey themes were aggregated and workshopped by the PtAC through a series of facilitated calls. Emerging priorities were refined in collaboration with additional PeDRA patient community members at the 2021 PeDRA Annual Conference. Subsequently, a final actionable list was agreed upon.

Results

Fourteen PtAC members (86.7% female) representing patients with alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, vascular birthmarks, congenital melanocytic nevi, ectodermal dysplasias, epidermolysis bullosa, Gorlin syndrome, hidradenitis suppurativa, ichthyosis, pemphigus, psoriasis, Sturge–Weber syndrome, and pachyonychia congenita completed the survey. Following serial PtAC meetings, 60 research needs were identified from five domains: psychosocial challenges, health care navigation/disease management, causes/triggers, treatments to preserve or save life, and treatments to preserve or save quality of life.

Conclusions

Many pediatric dermatology research priorities align across affected communities and may drive meaningful, patient‐centric initiatives and investigations.
Echinacea purpurea microbiota: bacterial–fungal interactions and the interplay with host and non‐host plant species in vitro dual culture
Authors: Maggini V. , Bettini P. P. , Fani R. , Firenzuoli F. , Bogani P.
Published: November 2022

Important evidence is reported on the antimicrobial and antagonistic properties of bacterial endophytes in Echinacea purpurea and their role in the modulation of plant synthesis of bioactive compounds. Here, endophytic fungi were isolated from E. purpurea, and the dual culture approach was applied to deepen insights into the complex plant–microbiome interaction network.

In vitro experiments were carried out to evaluate the species specificity of the interaction between host (E. purpurea) and non‐host (E. angustifolia and Nicotiana tabacum) plant tissues and bacterial or fungal endophytes isolated from living E. purpurea plants to test interactions between fungal and bacterial endophytes.

A higher tropism towards plant tissue and growth was observed for both fungal and bacterial isolates compared to controls without plant tissue. The growth of all fungi was significantly inhibited by several bacterial strains that, in turn, were scarcely affected by the presence of fungi. Finally, E. purpurea endophytic bacteria were able to inhibit mycelial growth of the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea.

Bacteria and fungi living in symbiosis with wild Echinacea plants interact with each other and could represent a potential source of bioactive compounds and a biocontrol tool.
Phosphorylation of S11 in PHR1 negatively controls its transcriptional activity
Authors: Trejo‐Fregoso Ricardo , Rodríguez Iván , Ávila Alejandra , Juárez‐Díaz Javier Andrés , Rodríguez‐Sotres Rogelio , Martínez‐Barajas Eleazar , Coello Patricia
Published: November 2022

Plant responses to phosphate starvation (−Pi) are very well characterized at the biochemical and molecular levels. The expression of thousands of genes is modified under this stress condition, depending on the action of Phosphate starvation response 1 (PHR1). Existing data indicate that neither the PHR1 transcript nor the quantity or localization of its protein increase during nutrient stress, raising the question of how its activity is regulated. Here, we present data showing that SnRK1 kinase is able to phosphorylate some phosphate starvation response proteins (PSRs), including PHR1. Based on a model of the three‐dimensional structure of the catalytic subunit SnRK1α1, docking simulations predicted the binding modes of peptides from PHT1;8, PHO1 and PHR1 with SnRK1. PHR1 recombinant protein interacted in vitro with the catalytic subunits SnRK1α1 and SnRK1α2. A BiFC assay corroborated the in vivo interaction between PHR1 and SnRK1α1 in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Analysis of phosphorylated residues suggested the presence of one phosphorylated site containing the SnRK1 motif at S11, and mutation in this residue disrupted the incorporation of 32P, suggesting that it is a major phosphorylation site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay results indicated that the binding of PHR1 to P1BS motifs was not influenced by phosphorylation. Importantly, transient expression assays in Arabidopsis protoplasts showed a decrease in PHR1 activity in contrast with the S11A mutant, suggesting a role for Ser11 as a negative regulatory phosphorylation site. Taken together, these findings suggest that phosphorylation of PHR1 at Ser11 is a mechanism to control the PHR1‐mediated adaptive response to −Pi.
Group multi‐component programme based on cognitive behavioural therapy and positive psychology for family caregivers of people with dementia: a randomised controlled study (3C study)
Authors: Tamura Noriko Takasaki , Shikimoto Ryo , Nagashima Kengo , Sato Yasunori , Nakagawa Atsuo , Irie Sachiko , Iwashita Satoru , Mimura Masaru , Fujisawa Daisuke
Published: November 2022

Background

Caregivers of people with dementia frequently experience an elevated level of psychological distress and burden. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a group‐format multi‐component programme which is based on cognitive behavioural therapy and positive psychology.

Methods

Family caregivers of dementia were allocated (1:1) to the intervention group and the wait‐list control group, stratified by age (<65 years, ≥65 years) and care status (at home or in an institution). The intervention group received a six‐session, 10‐week, group‐format programme. The primary outcome was the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). Secondary outcomes were the short‐version of the Zarit Burden Interview (personal strain and role strain), Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire, Dementia Caregiver Positive Feeling Scale, and Self‐Compassionate Reactions Inventory. The evaluations were conducted at baseline, 10 weeks (post‐intervention), and 14 weeks (follow‐up).

Results

The analyses were performed with 64 registered participants. In the whole sample, no significant effect was observed on HADS. There was medium effect on role strain (P = 0.04, partial η2 = 0.08). Positive feelings of caregiving increased after the intervention but were not maintained at follow‐up. In the subgroup analysis of caregivers under 65 years of age, a statistically significant effect was observed for personal strain (P = 0.03, partial η2 = 0.16). An interaction effect was also found for the total score of positive feelings of caregiving (P < 0.05, partial η2 = 0.02) and the meaning of caregiving (P = 0.02, partial η2 = 0.10).

Conclusions

This programme did not show significant improvement in depression and anxiety of caregivers of dementia; however, it reduced the burden of their role conflict (role strain) and yielded favourable short‐term effects on the positive feelings and the meaning of caregiving among the participants. Also, the programme effectively reduced the personal strain of caregivers under 65 years.
Brief immersion of southern Australia by change in relative plate speed
Authors: Bodur Ömer F. , Houseman Gregory A. , Rey Patrice F.
Published: November 2022

Dynamic subsidence and uplift of plates are often explained by the vertical motion of density anomalies in the mantle. Such models predict surface vertical motion rates of less than 100 m Myr−1 at long‐wavelengths with a timespan of tens of Myr. However, during periods of relative sea‐level stability, some of the phases of vertical motion on stable portions of plates have occurred at rates greater than 100 m Myr−1 during episodes that may last only a few Myr. Here, we show that vertical surface motions, with rates greater than 100 m Myr−1 and durations less than a few Myr, can be explained by changes in basal shear stress caused by variation in horizontal motion of a viscous plate relative to the asthenosphere. We apply our physical model to the short‐lived mid‐Eocene immersion of the southern margin of Australia.
Deep learning‐based diagnosis of stifle joint diseases in dogs
Authors: Shim Hyesoo , Lee Jongmo , Choi Seunghoon , Kim Jayon , Jeong Jeongyun , Cho Changhyun , Kim Hyungseok , Kim Jee‐in , Kim Jaehwan , Eom Kidong
Published: November 2022

In this retrospective, analytical study, we developed a deep learning‐based diagnostic model that can be applied to canine stifle joint diseases and compared its accuracy with that achieved by veterinarians to verify its potential as a reliable diagnostic method. A total of 2382 radiographs of the canine stifle joint from cooperative animal hospitals were included in a dataset. Stifle joint regions were extracted from the original images using the faster region‐based convolutional neural network (R‐CNN) model, and the object detection accuracy was evaluated. Four radiographic findings: patellar deviation, drawer sign, osteophyte formation, and joint effusion, were observed in the stifle joint and used to train a residual network (ResNet) classification model. Implant and growth plate groups were analyzed to compare the classification accuracy against the total dataset. All deep learning‐based classification models achieved target accuracies exceeding 80%, which is comparable to or slightly less than those achieved by veterinarians. However, in the case of drawer signs, further research is necessary to improve the low sensitivity of the model. When the implant group was excluded, the classification accuracy significantly improved, indicating that the implant acted as a distraction. These results indicate that deep learning‐based diagnoses can be expected to become useful diagnostic models in veterinary medicine.
Effect of a Short, Bio-Mimetic Control Device on Aerodynamic Drag of Ahmed Body
Authors: Tran The Hung , Hijikuro Masato , Anyoji Masayuki , Uchida Takanori , Nakashima Takuji , Shimizu Keigo
Published: November 2022

The effects of short automatic moving deflectors (AMD) on the aerodynamic characteristics of Ahmed body are considered in this study. AMDs, known as biomimetic control devices, were added to the leading edge of the slanted surface. Its position was automatically adjusted in a separation flow. The aerodynamic drag, the pressure, and the skin-friction distribution on the slanted surface were measured for the model with three deflectors with lengths of 9%, 18%, and 30% of the slant. Particle image velocimetry was also utilized to assess the flow on the vertical symmetric plane. The Reynolds number based on the height of the model is between 1.44 × 105 and 2.80 × 105. The results showed that at a low Reynolds number, a short deflector increases the drag of the model. The effectiveness of the deflector in reducing the drag arises at a high velocity, where a maximum drag reduction of 11% was observed. The deflectors also reduced the lift coefficient by as much as 89%. Global luminescent oil-film skin-friction measurements showed that in the low drag state, the structure of the longitudinal vortexes and the separation bubble disappear on the surface. A complex flow structure is classified for the baseline model and the model with deflectors. The relationship between the surface flow, pressure distribution, and flow on the symmetric vertical plane is discussed in detail.
Poggendorff’s Scales—Demonstration of Newton’s Laws in a Less Traditional Way
Authors: Kekule Tomáš
Published: November 2022

Newton’s laws are essential for understanding causes and description of mechanical motion. Great attention is paid to them during physics education. Unfortunately, many students, not only in high school, but also undergraduates, can recite them but do not understand their essence. Therefore, it is useful to demonstrate different experiments in the classroom in order to support and strengthen their understanding. Less traditional experiments demonstrating Newton’s laws can be performed using Poggendorff’s scales (also known as Poggendorff’s fall device). This article presents four experiments with such a device that are not common and lead to a deeper understanding of Newton’s laws.