bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual-based and continuum models of phenotypically heterogeneous growing cell populations
Authors: Macfarlane Fiona R ,   School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom, Ruan Xinran , Lorenzi Tommaso ,   School of Mathematical Sciences, Capital Normal University, 100048 Beijing, P.R. China,   Department of Mathematical Sciences “G. L. Lagrange”, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
Published: March 2022

Existing comparative studies between individual-based models of growing cell populations and their continuum counterparts have mainly been focused on homogeneous populations, in which all cells have the same phenotypic characteristics. However, significant intercellular phenotypic variability is commonly observed in cellular systems. In light of these considerations, we develop here an individual-based model for the growth of phenotypically heterogeneous cell populations. In this model, the phenotypic state of each cell is described by a structuring variable that captures intercellular variability in cell proliferation and migration rates. The model tracks the spatial evolutionary dynamics of single cells, which undergo pressure-dependent proliferation, heritable phenotypic changes and directional movement in response to pressure differentials. We formally show that the continuum limit of this model comprises a non-local partial differential equation for the cell population density function, which generalises earlier models of growing cell populations. We report on the results of numerical simulations of the individual-based model which illustrate how proliferation-migration tradeoffs shaping the evolutionary dynamics of single cells can lead to the formation, at the population level, of travelling waves whereby highly-mobile cells locally dominate at the invasive front, while more-proliferative cells are found at the rear. Moreover, we demonstrate that there is an excellent quantitative agreement between these results and the results of numerical simulations and formal travelling-wave analysis of the continuum model, when sufficiently large cell numbers are considered. We also provide numerical evidence of scenarios in which the predictions of the two models may differ due to demographic stochasticity, which cannot be captured by the continuum model. This indicates the importance of integrating individual-based and continuum approaches when modelling the growth of phenotypically heterogeneous cell populations.
A potential approach for planning mean-field games in one dimension
Authors: Bakaryan Tigran , Ferreira Rita , Gomes Diogo
Published: March 2022

This manuscript discusses planning problems for first- and second-order one-dimensional mean-field games (MFGs). These games are comprised of a Hamilton–Jacobi equation coupled with a Fokker–Planck equation. Applying Poincaré's Lemma to the Fokker–Planck equation, we deduce the existence of a potential. Rewriting the Hamilton–Jacobi equation in terms of the potential, we obtain a system of Euler–Lagrange equations for certain variational problems. Instead of the mean-field planning problem (MFP), we study this variational problem. By the direct method in the calculus of variations, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the variational problem. The variational approach has the advantage of eliminating the continuity equation.

We also consider a first-order MFP with congestion. We prove that the congestion problem has a weak solution by introducing a potential and relying on the theory of variational inequalities. We end the paper by presenting an application to the one-dimensional Hughes' model.
Mortality can produce limit cycles in density-dependent models with a predator-prey relationship
Authors: Mtar Tahani , Fekih-Salem Radhouane , Sari Tewfik
Published: March 2022

We study an interspecific, density-dependent model of two species competing for a single nutrient in a chemostat, allowing for a predator-prey relationship between them. We have previously examined the system in the absence of species mortality, showing that multiple positive steady states can appear and disappear through a saddle-node or transcritical bifurcation. In this paper we include mortality. We give a complete analysis for the existence and local stability of all steady states of the three-dimensional system that cannot be reduced to two dimensional ones. Specializing the forms of the rate functions, we show how mortality destabilizes the positive steady state and that stable limit cycles emerge through supercritical Hopf bifurcations. To describe how the process behaves with respect to the choice of dilution rate and input concentration as control parameters, we determine the operating diagram theoretically and also numerically by using the software package MATCONT. The bifurcation diagram based on the input concentration shows various types of bifurcations of steady states, and coexistence either at a positive steady state or via sustained oscillations.
Traveling wave solutions of periodic nonlocal Fisher-KPP equations with non-compact asymmetric kernel
Authors: Zhang Aijun
Published: March 2022

This paper deals with front propagation for nonlocal monostable equations in spatially periodic habitats. In the authors' earlier works, assuming the existence of principal eigenvalue, it is shown that there are periodic traveling wave solutions to a spatially periodic nonlocal monostable equation with symmetric and compact kernel connecting its unique positive stationary solution and the trivial solution in every direction with all propagating speeds greater than the spreading speed in that direction. In this paper, first assuming the existence of principal eigenvalue, we extend the results to the case that the kernel is asymmetric and supported on a non-compact region. In addition, without the assumption of the existence of principal eigenvalue, we explore the existence of semicontinuous traveling wave solutions.
Estimation method of mixture distribution and modeling of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sindhu Tabassum Naz , Hussain Zawar , Alotaibi Naif , Muhammad Taseer
Published: March 2022

The mathematical characteristics of the mixture of Lindley model with 2-component (2-CMLM) are discussed. In this paper, we investigate both the practical and theoretical aspects of the 2-CMLM. We investigate several statistical features of the mixed model like probability generating function, cumulants, characteristic function, factorial moment generating function, mean time to failure, Mills Ratio, mean residual life. The density, hazard rate functions, mean, coefficient of variation, skewness, and kurtosis are all shown graphically. Furthermore, we use appropriate approaches such as maximum likelihood, least square and weighted least square methods to estimate the pertinent parameters of the mixture model. We use a simulation study to assess the performance of suggested methods. Eventually, modelling COVID-19 patient data demonstrates the effectiveness and utility of the 2-CMLM. The proposed model outperformed the two component mixture of exponential model as well as two component mixture of Weibull model in practical applications, indicating that it is a good candidate distribution for modelling COVID-19 and other related data sets.
Anaphylaxis: recognition, treatment, and outcomes
Authors: Seth Divya , Kamat Deepak
Published: March 2022

Anaphylaxis is defined as an acute, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction associated with a broad array of clinical manifestations. Anaphylaxis typically is a type 1 (IgE mediated) hypersensitivity reaction though other mechanism may also be involved. Patients most commonly present with cutaneous symptoms followed by respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Prompt recognition and treatment can be life saving. Epinephrine is the drug of choice for treatment of anaphylaxis. It is imperative that patients and their caregivers are educated on the use of epinephrine autoinjectors and provided with an emergency action plan for managing anaphylaxis.
Comparative genome analysis of the first Listeria monocytogenes core genome multi-locus sequence types CT2050 AND CT2051 strains with their close relatives
Authors: Nwaiwu Ogueri
Published: March 2022

Genome sequences of the three strains of L. monocytogenes, which are the first core genome multi-locus sequence types (cgMLST) 2050 and 2051 were reviewed and compared with 21 close relatives and reference genomes. Using a pan-genomic approach to analyse whole genome sequences, it was found that the strains consisted of approximately 2200 shared genes and a much greater pool of genes present as an accessory genome. An unknown transmissible sequence of approximately 91 kb harbouring bacitracin resistance genes found in strain LmNG2 (1/2b) was revealed to be an Inc18 plasmid. The CT2051, strain LmNG3 (1/2a) haboured more unique genes (252 vs 230) than the well-known reference strain LmEGD-e (1/2a). More studies to monitor new strains can help reduce food-borne outbreaks.
Contribution à l’histoire de la boulangerie romaine : étude de « pains/galettes » découverts en Gaule
Authors: G. Heiss Andreas , Matterne Véronique , Monteix Nicolas , Tillier Margaux , Noûs Camille
Published: March 2022

Parmi les mobiliers archéologiques figurent régulièrement des fragments de matière organique carbonisée (MOC), fréquemment assimilables à des produits végétaux transformés. Les plus grands d’entre eux laissent encore deviner leur forme d’origine, et ils peuvent être identifiés comme des artéfacts. Dans les cas où l’analyse les désigne comme des mets élaborés, le potentiel informatif de ces éléments paniformes (EPF) – potentiellement des pâtes, pains, pains plats, galettes, gâteaux, biscuits, etc. – est considérable, même si leurs composantes ne sont plus visibles macroscopiquement. Ils sont en effet le reflet direct de pratiques alimentaires en contexte domestique, ou ils participent de rites en contexte cultuel. Encore sous-exploités dans la démarche archéologique, ces EPF représentent en réalité des produits complexes, témoignant de savoir-faire culinaires dans un environnement culturel précis. Plusieurs démarches analytiques permettent d’identifier la composition de ces préparations alimentaires et de préciser certaines étapes de leur apprêt. Les grains moulus de céréales sont identifiés par l’histologie du son, en observant notamment la morphologie de certaines couches de cellules. Les pratiques boulangères sont approchées par microtomographie aux rayons X, de manière non intrusive, en observant l’aspect des pâtes, révélateur de leur façonnage (pétrissage, levée, pliage, formation d’une croûte, cuisson dans un moule, etc.). Par observation au microscope électronique à balayage, on relève aussi la présence d’impuretés ou l’adjonction d’ingrédients. L’étude des farines et des modes de préparation permet de voir en quoi les standards de qualité évoluent sur le temps long, en relation avec les caractéristiques des céréales. À titre d’illustration, les résultats des analyses de six préparations alimentaires à base de céréales, datées entre le iie s. av. J.-C. et le vie s. apr. J.-C., sont présentés dans cet article.
Training Partners for the Long Haul
Authors: Harris Kymberly , Sparkman Dana D. , Doran Cheryl L.
Published: March 2022

This chapter seeks to provide the background, benefits, and design of writing groups created to aid doctoral candidates in the completion of the dissertation process. Literature will be used to support the rationale for such groups and will outline the structure that can be used to create and support doctoral students in peer groups by their dissertation chair or facilitator. In this chapter, specific guidelines for the creation of the groups and the role of the chair are outlined, and suggestions for remedying dysfunctional groups or group members. While ultimately the doctoral candidate is responsible for the successful completion and defense of his or her own research, peer groups can be instrumental in promoting task completion and task satisfaction.
Digital Transformation and Health Systems Performance in Global Settings During COVID-19
Authors: ElSayed Omkolthoum , Mansour Wesam
Published: March 2022

This chapter aims at providing a view of the recent digital transformations features and applications that have taken place amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The government-coordinated efforts worldwide have focused mainly on the pandemic containment and mitigation. The scale of coordination and data management required for effective implementation of the various containment and mitigation strategies across many countries has relied on adopting digital health applications, integrating them into health policy and healthcare services. This was observed in pandemic planning, surveillance, testing, contact tracing, quarantine, and healthcare services. Evaluating the implementation of these technologies, practices, and health delivery services worldwide, as well as factors supporting or hampering their use are highlighted in this chapter.
An Overview of Remote Work From the Viewpoint of Work-Life Balance and Motivation in the Maritime Sector
Authors: Ozdemir Pinar
Published: March 2022

Remote working and hybrid working, as it has evolved into over time, have been considered the new normal in all sectors during and after the pandemic. They brought their disadvantages as well as advantages and kept the people in all sectors busy with researching on how to best adapt their employees and companies into the new normal. The maritime sector is among those which have tried to find the best for the benefit of both the employees and the companies. This sector differs from other sectors in that it has employees both at sea and on land, and it needs to strike a balance that will protect the interests of both parties. In this chapter, the problems faced by the maritime sector workers especially in the context of the pandemic were examined, the measures taken to solve the problems experienced by seafarers were focused on, and teleworking as a solution for land workers was discussed. Finally, the effects of remote working on work-life balance and motivation were studied, and productivity-enhancing methods that could be accepted by both parties were suggested.
Improving Occupational Safety Onboard Turkish Flagged Ships by Benefiting From Smart Technologies
Authors: Yilmaz Fatih , Ilhan Mustafa Necmi
Published: March 2022

In recent years, some smart technologies have been developed for different purposes in a wide variety of fields, including occupational health and safety (OHS), in accordance with the technological developments of the Industry 4.0 era. The main question of this research is, “How can the smart technologies be benefited in order to improve the occupational safety onboard the Turkish flagged ships?” To answer this question, the relevant literature on shipboard occupational accidents and smart technologies for OHS have been systematically reviewed. Based on the review, the authors have concluded that some smart technologies for OHS can be benefited for improving occupational safety onboard ships as well, particularly onboard the Turkish flagged ships. Some recommendations have been presented. It is also pointed out that further studies are needed on this interesting topic.
Fluid Mechanics in Arterial Diseases
Authors: Mandal Dipak Kumar , Goswami Partha , Biswas Nirmalendu , Manna Nirmal K.
Published: March 2022

With the advancement of computer power, computational solution is considered as a useful predictive tool for study of the blood flow through a diseased artery. The blood flow is governed by the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations. Womersley number and Reynolds number are physiologically important non-dimensional flow parameters and have existence in the non-dimensional governing equations. In the computational solution, the mathematical flow modelled is established considering some boundary conditions, and then it is solved by numerical simulations. The governing equations are converted to discretised form and then solved numerically by readily available commercial CFD software and/or by in-house developed CFD code using appropriate algorithms. Grid independence test and validation of CFD model are the crucial parts of computational solutions. The chapter delivers the knowledge on impact of fluid mechanics on arterial diseases and computational solution techniques.
Small Intestinal Peristalsis
Authors: Bhanarkar Jetal , Singh Rashi , Siddhanathi Anupama Usha Rani , Avvari Ravi Kant
Published: March 2022

Digestion of food forms an essential process in a living organism. Digestion of food can be classified into two categories: (1) mechanical digestion and (2) chemical digestion. Whereas mechanical digestion contributes to the physical breakdown of food using mechanical forces, chemical digestion contributes via breaking down the chemical bonds present in the food. The process is manifested by muscular contraction. The intestine develops undulations via contraction of the muscle fiber that involves contraction and relaxation of muscle fibers (referred to as the peristalsis). As a consequence, the momentum generated by the muscular contraction serves to develop fluid motion in the lumen, which eventually leads to mixing and transport. Whereas the bodily secretions of the digestive enzymes participate in innate digestion, the gut flora, on the other hand, also influence digestion to an extent by means of fermentation. Small intestinal peristalsis serves as the key mediator, whether the digestion proceeds normally during physiology or abnormally leading to pathology.
Computational Study of In-Vitro Ureter Urine Flow in DJ Stent
Authors: Barua Ranjit , Datta Pallab , Chowdhury Amit Roy , Das Surajit
Published: March 2022

Many researchers and urologists are presently studying different designs of ureteral stents to advance the feature of their surgeries and the succeeding recovery of the patient. With the aim of help during this design procedure, several computational models have been established to simulate the performance of various biological tissues and deliver an accurate computational environment to estimate the stents. As a result of the high difficulty of the complicated issues, they generally introduce interpretations to create these simulations a smaller amount computationally trying. A DJ stent (double J) is used to improve the blocking of urine in the upper urinary tract while there is ureteral stenosis, which causes the disturbance of normal urine flow and affects renal or kidney failure. The intention of employing a DJ stent is to confirm enough urine flow in the ureter, but the DJ stent performs as a foreign body in the urinary tract and sometimes acts as a difficulty in achieving satisfactory urine flow.
An Introductory Study to Quantum Programming
Authors: Biswas Ankur , Chakraborty Amartya , Dutta Stobak , Mitra Anirban , Mishra Brojo Kishore
Published: March 2022

Computational capabilities are reaching their limits with the current technology. Quantum computing is the answer to this limitation. It has unraveled new possibilities of solving the unsolvable and computationally hard problems within a feasible time frame. In this chapter, the authors have discussed the basics of quantum computing, which include the need for quantum computers and how it internally works without getting into too much mathematics for an introductory understanding. The authors have also discussed different technologies in which the scientific communities and industries are working to make these computers feasibly work and the different programming techniques and tools available to implement the algorithms in these computers and the testbeds available to common people for testing the feasibilities of their programs.
Disruptive Innovations
Authors: Deb Rajdeep , Kumar Pankaj
Published: March 2022

The significant competitive environment around the hospitality industry triggers the exploration of novel ways and elements of coherent performance. Although disruptive innovations in the hospitality industry are complex, it provides compelling opportunities. Moreover, its emergence cannot be bestowed upon the current pandemic, since it is considered to be as old as business itself. The aim of the chapter is to capture the role of disruptive innovation in enabling the hospitality industry to engineer business excellence. Also, the chapter attempts to provide insights into the potential disruptions that will rule the hospitality industry in the future. The recent findings from this field show that the hospitality sector has already begun to adopt innovations gradually to respond to consumer behavior transition driven by on-demand services. Finally, the author concludes with the assertion that disruptive innovations are pivotal in the survival and sustenance of the hospitality businesses.
Mobile Technology
Authors: Singh Pramendra
Published: March 2022

The tourism industry is very dynamic, and tourism businesses have witnessed drastic change in their operations since the inception and growth of technology. Mobile technology is one of the emerging segments that is facilitating tourism businesses on a large scale. It saves time, effort, money, and also provides ease, convenience, and comfort. Mobile technology has enhanced tourism business operations and helps the tourism businesses in guided tours, navigation, reservation, payment, information search, content creation, product development, getting feedback, digital marketing, etc. Mobile technology has also facilitated tourists for different purposes. It has made travelling convenient, easy, and safe for tourists. Adoption of mobile technology is bound to grow in the future for tourism businesses as well as for more tourists. The present study investigates the role of mobile technology for tourists and for various tourism-related business organizations. With the help of review of literature, the study aims to highlight its importance.
The Lived Experiences of Female Educational Leaders in Higher Education in the UK
Authors: Meletiadou Eleni
Published: March 2022

This chapter discusses female educational leaders' experiences in higher education institutions (HEI) in the UK to unravel both barriers and facilitators and their main guiding principles in leading as advancing women in leadership roles is in the best interest of the society. The current study revealed that they still face sex-related barriers but have more support as more women have entered HEI. It concludes that HEI need to examine the kinds of professional development programs offered to aspiring female leaders and other staff to help women become more successful as leaders. While several studies have reported on diversity management issues in HEI, this study highlights the facilitators of female educational leaders' advancement and indicates that the redefinition of capabilities of successful leaders and modern trends such as reverse mentoring and gender-neutral recruitment may assist to eliminate gender bias and highlight attractive traits that female educational leaders bring to the table.
University Diversity Challenge
Authors: Greening Linda
Published: March 2022

The widening participation agenda in the UK higher education system aims to promote equality of opportunity throughout the student lifecycle. Higher education providers have been challenged to set ambitious targets around student diversity within aspects of the student lifecycle; however, small specialist degree providers (SSDPs) experience greater challenges in achieving ambitious targets, specifically with regards to ethnic homogeneity on many campuses. Exploration of the challenges faced by UK SSDPs and an overview of current activity are provided within this chapter, facilitated by the use of qualitative data from an online survey distributed to SSDPs in the summer of 2021. Seemingly, these degree providers need to undergo a large-scale cultural shift to enable achievement of ambitious targets.
RETRACTED: Online Surveys
Authors: Schreiber Shani , Borovoi Leah , Vlaev Ivo
Published: March 2022

This experimental study investigated factors that influence cheating in health literacy surveys. The objective was to predict who is most likely to cheat using Google in online knowledge surveys. The experiment randomly assigned 265 participants into three research conditions. The first group completed a pen-and-paper version of the health literacy questionnaire. The second group and the third group completed an online version of the same questionnaire, while the participants of the latter group were explicitly asked to be honest. The number of correct answers was higher in the online groups, indicating that respondents to online surveys were more likely to ‘cheat' by using search engines to answer questions. A positive correlation was found between the ability to seek health information on the web, and the probability that a participant would cheat without the request to avoid using the internet. In the online group with a request to be honest, no correlation was found. The conclusion is that people who have high ability to seek information online are most likely to cheat.
One-Pot Two-Step Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 4-(Hydroxy-(1H-1,2,3-Triazol-4-yl))Methyl Phenol Derivatives
Authors: Thin Ei Ei , Kanjanapruk Pitikarn , Pochanakom Kanawan , Niratisai Sathit
Published: March 2022

A one-pot two-step microwave-assisted reaction was developed as key steps for the synthesis of 4-(hydroxy-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl))methyl phenol derivatives,7a-g. The reaction steps involvedin situgenerations of azides,5a-gwhich were further coupled with alkyne to undergo a cycloaddition reaction, under microwave heating at 70 °C, 15 min to generate 1,4 disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole compounds,6a-g. These two reactions occurred in the same vial and so we call “one-pot two-step” synthesis. In such a method, the alkyl and arylalkyl azides were generated in a safe manner under microwave irradiation using polar aprotic solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide. In this study, it was demonstrated that the one-pot two-step reaction could avoid tedious extraction procedures and handling of potentially explosive azides, and provide good yields of products with much less period of reaction time compared with the conventional method.
Synergistic Anticancer Activity of Cinnamon Bark Oil and Imatinib Mesylate Combination on Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Khaing Ei Mon , Phaechamud Thawatchai , Intaraphairot Torsak
Published: March 2022

Cinnamon bark oil (CO) has anticancer activity in various type of cancer cells and could be used alternatively to support anticancer drugs. For the enhancement of cytotoxic effects, the combination of bioactive compounds with chemotherapeutics drug has been interested in the possibility of cancer treatment. This study aimed to determine whether there is a synergistic effect between the combination of CO and chemotherapeutic drug such as imatinib mesylate (IM) on HCT 116 and HT29 colorectal cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic activities of CO and IM were investigated individually and their combination in each cancer cell line using cell viability assay. The interaction between CO and IM was determined using the combination index (CI) method. Cinnamon bark oil exhibited the high cytotoxicity on HCT116 cell, while IM showed the high cytotoxic activity on HT 29 cell. The tested combination decreased notably viability of cell and allowed to reduce the dose of imatinib chemotherapy drug. The combination of CO with IM showed a strong synergistic effect (CI < 1) on HT29 cell. For HCT116 cell treated combination of CO (4μg/mL) and IM (10μg/mL) demonstrated a strong synergistic effect (CI = 0.52). Thus, the combined CO and IM might be applied for pharmaceutical drug delivery for colon cancer treatment.
Impact of Polymers as Precipitation Inhibitors on Physicochemical Properties of Spray-Dried Astaxanthin-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Delivery Systems
Authors: Aung Wai Thet , Boonkanokwong Veerakiet
Published: March 2022

Supersaturated astaxanthin (AST)-loaded self-microemulsifying delivery system (SMEDS) was developed and formulated with polymeric precipitation inhibitors (PPIs) to improve the dissolution profile of AST. Based on our preliminaryin vitropolymer screening test, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC-L) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA8/88) were selected as PPIs and studied further in this work. Microemulsions prepared from AST SMEDS (composed of AST, rice bran oil, Kolliphor®RH40, and Span®20) were mixed with maltodextrin (MD) as a solid carrier and each PPI solution and then solidified using a spray drying technique. Particle size of spray-dried S-MD-HPC powder had larger circular equivalent (CE) diameter (14.69 ± 0.75 μm) than the other formula and showed particle agglomeration in SEM images. Spray-dried S-MD-PVA powder had 8.94 ± 0.37 μm CE diameter, and smooth surface of particles was observed. Amorphous phase transformation and chemical compatibility of both spray-dried powder formulations were detected by FT-IR, PXRD, and DSC. S-MD-HPC had marginally slower dissolution rate and release profile of AST compared to those of S-MD-PVA; however, both HPC and PVA polymers exhibited the ability for AST precipitation prevention and solubilization enhancement. Although AST degradation was caused by high temperature, physicochemical properties of the spray-dried AST SMEDS (S-MD-HPC and S-MD-PVA) powders after reconstitution were not significantly changed upon storage at 30°C/ RH 75%. This study illustrated a novel platform of spray-dried AST SMEDS in combination with HPC or PVA as a polymeric precipitation inhibitor for improvement of AST loading, solubility, and stability.
Effect of Sn Impurity on a Commercial Aluminium Alloy for Die Casting
Authors: Sooksaen Pat , Thongyoug Penpisuth
Published: March 2022

This research studied the effect of tin (Sn) on the surface dullness of ENAC44300 aluminum alloy commercial grade for die casting applications.Tin impurities in the alloy composition led to surface dullness which degraded the quality of the alloy. This investigation found that bulk structure as well as microstructure were affected by the presence of high Sn content. Porosity increased in the amount and size and microstructural change was evident when the alloy containing high Sn (0.67%) was homoginized at 550°C.
Newly Designed Geldanamycin Analogues for Targeted Cancer-Causing Hsp90 Protein Inhibitor: Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Suttayasorranakhom Satipat , Jaramornburapong Chanjira , Phuthawong Waya , Sirirak Jitnapa
Published: March 2022

Cancer is currently a major public health concern worldwide. Previous studies have shown that heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is the key common cause of cancer. Thus, Hsp90 is one of the important molecular targets for the development of Hsp90 cancer drug based on geldanamycin (GDM) and alvespimycin (17-DMAG). Herein, novel geldanamycin derivatives, S1-S6 were designed as potential Hsp90 cancer drug by targeting signal transduction pathway, especially against oncogenic client protein from Hsp90. The binding of S1-S6 in the cavity of Hsp90 were investigated by molecular docking using the iGEMDOCK v2.1 software. The results illustrated that S1-S6 bound in the binding site of Hsp90 with similar manner to GDM and 17-DMAG. The binding energies of S1-S6 in Hsp90 (PDB ID:1YET) (-137.49 to -123.24 kcal/mol) were comparable to that of GDM (-133.06 kcal/mol) while the binding energies of S1-S6 in Hsp90 (PDB ID:1OSF) (-137.49 to -131.22 kcal/mol) were slightly higher than that of 17-DMAG (-145.31 kcal/mol). S1-S6 interacted well by hydrogen bonding with key amino acids in the binding site of Hsp90, which could inhibit the cancer cell growth. Therefore, S1-S6 containing novel geldanamycin derivatives could be promising molecules for anti-cancer drug against Hsp90 2 types in the future.
Synthesis of Benzhydrol Derivatives as Antituberculosis Agents via Fries Rearrangement Method Investigated by DSC Analysis
Authors: Kanjanapruk Pitikarn , Prammananan Therdsak , Niratisai Sathit , Pochanakom Kanawan
Published: March 2022

Benzhydrol derivatives 2a-c were synthesized, and evaluated for antituberculosis activities. These compounds were prepared from corresponding phenyl benzoates through Fries rearrangement and reduction reaction. Fries rearrangement reaction was chosen to use due to its convenient non-solvent method for synthesis. In order to determine the effective temperature for Fries rearrangement reaction, the reaction mixtures of phenyl benzoates 4a-c and AlCl3 heated at constant rates were studied using DSC analysis. DSC curves of those mixtures showed that the reactions started at endothermic temperature ranging from 130 to 140 °C. The optimum temperatures for the synthesis of Fries rearrangement products 5a-c with high %yields were observed at 130, 140, and 130 °C, respectively. The DSC data were effectively applied for the estimation of the optimal reaction temperatures to attain high %yields for the synthesis of benzhydrols. The final benzhydrol derivatives 2a-c were structurally elucidated by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and LC-MS and evaluated for antituberculosis activities by agar-dilution method. It was found that 4-hydroxy-α-(4ʹ-fluorophenyl) benzyl alcohol 2a possessed the highest activity in the series with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 40 µg/mL.
Knowledge and prospects of Sri Lankan aquatic science research: A bibliometric analyses
Authors: Bandara Tharindu
Published: March 2022

The present study summarizes the research productivity and international collaboration in aquatic studies conducted by Sri Lankan scholars during 2000-2019. The study was based on the SCOPUS® database. R programming language, package bibliometrix and Vosviewer software were employed in the analysis. Results of the present study indicate that increasing growth trend in the annual number of publications. A significant correlation (p<0.05) between the number of articles and per capita GDP (Gross Domestic Production) was also observed. Senior authors dominated in terms of the article count, citation count, h index, and other author productivity indices. Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka had the highest article count (n=33). Aquatic studies in Sri Lanka were more locally funded. Sri Lanka had strong research collaborations with Japan, South Korea and Australia. During 2000-2019, the transition of aquatic studies from lacustrine field studies to molecular lab-based studies were observed. The findings of the present study may provide a comprehensive understanding on the current context and future directions of aquatic studies in Sri Lanka.
The preservative roles of barley extract on physico-chemical treats of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fillets under refrigerated condition
Authors: Namiq Karzan , Ahmed Vian Mohammed , Mahmood Shaima Saleh , Abdulrahman Nasreen Mohialddin , Sadraddin Avan Alaaddin , Ezzat Sarhang Noori
Published: March 2022

The study was carried out to determine the effect of barley extract on the shelf life of common carp fillets that refrigerated at 4°C through thiobarbituric acid (TBA), pH, water holding capacity, moisture contents and cooking loss. Using of thiobarbituric acid proved suitable for studying lipid hydrolysis and primary and secondary lipid oxidation in samples of common carp throughout refrigerated storage. Barley powder extract solutions (water extraction) were prepared at the concentration of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5 % (v/v), also, control without adding barley extract. The samples were then stored under refrigerated conditions (4.0°C) for 0, 3 and 6 days until analysis. The results confirmed the efficacy of natural antioxidants derived from barley slowing down lipid hydrolysis and increasing the oxidative stability of common carp flesh.
Effect of autoclaving as a pre-treatment in the wet reduction process for extracting fish oil from yellowfin tuna heads
Authors: Lakmini K. P. C. , Gonapinuwala S. T. , Senarath H. P. S. , Fernando C. A. N. , Wijesekara I. , De Croos M. D. S. T.
Published: March 2022

Various studies have focused on extracting fish oil using a variety of methods, yet, the wet reduction process is the common industrial method as it is environmentally friendly. However, the use of autoclaving in extracting oils from fish or fish by-products are comparatively less. Therefore, this study was conducted to extract crude oils from the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) head, the lipids richest body part compared to processing offcuts like skin, viscera etc., by a simple wet reduction process using an autoclave at 121°C as the pre-treatment with different holding times (15, 30, and 45 min). The maximum extraction yield of 5.37±0.22 % was recorded at 30 min holding time of autoclave. No significant changes in peroxide value, moisture content and colour values were observed for the different autoclaving durations (P > 0.05). Conversely, acid value, p-anisidine value and total oxidation value (TOTOX) were increased significantly with a longer autoclaving duration of 45 min (P < 0.05). However, all peroxide values, p-anisidine value, TOTOX value were below the standard values stated by the World Health Organization (WHO) except the acid values which shows the need for refinery before any applications. Based on the spectra of Attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), autoclaving for a longer time resulted in lower intensity at wavenumbers around 3,012 - 3,013 and 1,741 - 1,744 cm−1 and shifting of bands to lower wavenumbers showing its effect on the structural changes of molecules in the oil. All extracted oils resulted in a high PUFA content than MUFA and SFA contents based on the fatty acid composition. The DHA (C22:6, n3) was the most prominent fatty acid in all the oil samples. However, PUFA content was reduced slightly by increasing the autoclaving duration at 45 min. Therefore, this study concludes autoclaving at 121°C for 30 minutes as the optimum pre-treatment conditions to extract fish oil from yellowfin tuna heads using the wet reduction process.
Protective effects of methanolic leaf extracts of Monanthotaxis caffra against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Makhuvele Rhulani , Foubert Kenn , Hermans Nina , Pieters Luc , Verschaeve Luc , Elgorashi Esam
Published: March 2022

Aflatoxins are potent hepatotoxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi. The present study investigated the protective effect of methanolic leaf extracts of Monanthotaxis caffra (MLEMC) against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 animals each. Five groups were administered orally for seven days with three different concentrations of MLEMC (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg), curcumin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (25% propylene glycol). The following day, these groups were administered 1 mg/kg b.w. of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The experiment was terminated three days after administration of AFB1. Group 6 represented untreated healthy control. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine and liver histopathology were evaluated. Methanolic leaf extracts of M. caffra decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine in the sera of rats as compared with the AFB1 intoxicated group. Co-administration of MLEMC improved the histological characteristics of the hepatocytes in contrast to the AFB1 treated group, which had mild to severe hepatocellular injuries including bile duct proliferation, bile duct hyperplasia, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and fibrosis. Extracts of M. caffra were beneficial in mitigating the hepatotoxic effects of AFB1 in rats by reducing the levels of liver enzymes and preventing hepatic injury.
Current Evidence for the Association between Air Pollution and Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Saitoh Yuji , Mizusawa Hidehiro
Published: March 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and its global incidence is on the rise. There is increasing interest in understanding the role of air pollution in the development of human disease. Although the precise mechanisms are not understood, several epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between air pollution and the risk of PD. However, the various pollutants studied, endpoints measured, and differences in study design yield conflicting results. This review summarizes recent evidence regarding the relationship between particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide and PD. Limitations and challenges are also discussed, with suggestions for future work to understand the true effects of air pollution on PD.
Usefulness of the automated multiband imaging system for EUS-FNA biopsy specimen evaluation in patients with upper gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions
Authors: Okuwaki Kosuke , Imaizumi Hiroshi , Kida Mitsuhiro , Masutani Hironori , Iwai Tomohisa , Watanabe Masafumi , Adachi Kai , Tadehara Masayoshi , Hasegawa Rikiya , Nakatani Seigo , Kurosu Takahiro , Tamaki Akihiro , Koizumi Wasaburo
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives:

Sample isolation processing by stereomicroscopy (SIPS) was recently introduced as an alternative to rapid on-site cytologic evaluation and showed high accuracy for use in pathologic diagnoses. SIPS is a useful, but slightly complicated procedure; therefore, a new, more straightforward method for the objective estimation of the core tissue amount required during the sampling is desirable. We evaluated the usefulness of the automated multiband imaging system (AMUS) for calculating whitish core amounts in EUS-FNA biopsy (EUS-FNAB) samples from patients with subepithelial lesions (SELs).

Methods:

Four EUS-FNAB specimens per patient were obtained from 20 patients with upper gastrointestinal SELs. The correlation between the whitish core amount calculated by AMUS, length of the manually measured whitish cores (stereomicroscopically visible white core [SVWC]), and sample suitability for pathologic evaluation were analyzed.

Results:

We identified 13 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors, five with leiomyomas, one with a schwannoma, and one with an ectopic pancreas. The histological diagnostic accuracy was 100%, median SVWC length was 9 mm, and median whitish core area, calculated using AMUS, was 10 mm2. SVWC length correlated with whitish core amount (ρ = 0.81, P < 0.01) and adequacy score (ρ = 0.54, P < 0.01). Whitish core amount correlated with adequacy score (ρ = 0.54, P < 0.01). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve calculated for whitish core amount with respect to the histological diagnosis was 0.83 (P < 0.01; cutoff ≥4 mm2, sensitivity 98.4%).

Conclusions:

AMUS, a simple on-site verification instrument, is an alternative to SIPS for determining the appropriate SEL tissue sampling quantity with high diagnostic accuracy.
Controversies in EUS-guided treatment of walled-off necrosis
Authors: Hocke Michael , Burmeister Sean , Braden Barbara , Jenssen Christian , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio , Iglesias-Garcia Julio , Ignee André , Larghi Alberto , Möller Kathleen , Rimbas Mihai , Siyu Sun , Vanella Giuseppe , Dietrich Christoph F.
Published: March 2022

This review gives an overview of different techniques in the treatment of post-acute complications of acute pancreatitis. The endoscopic treatment of those complications is currently standard of care. EUS opened up the broad implementation of internal drainage methods to make them safe and effective. Due to different endoscopic approaches worldwide, controversies have arisen that are pointed out in this paper. The main focus was placed on weighing up evidence to find the optimal approach. However, if no evidence can be provided, the authors, experienced in the field, give their personal advice.
Lived experience of health-care providers during COVID-19: A meta-synthesis
Authors: Chandy Ponnambily , Kanthi Esther , Pradeep Preetha , Sathianathan Prasannakumari , Jebakamal S. , Narchaithi Meetpin , Anbarasi S.
Published: March 2022

Aim of the Study:

There is currently no meta-synthesis focused on the lived experiences of health-care providers during COVID-19. This meta-synthesis adds to evidence-based literature with an in-depth exploration of how health-care providers responded to the COVID-19 crisis.

Materials and Methods:

The meta-synthesis approach was used for the extraction and synthesis of data.

Results:

Fifteen qualitative research articles were identified and analyzed; the majority of which were done in China 7 (48%) and Iran 6 (40%). The total sample size was 383, and the majority of the samples were nurses 282 (74%). Three overarching themes identified were “It is my duty,” “I am exhausted and about to fall,” and “I have overcome it.” The subthemes were professional responsibility, challenges faced, the unexpected burden at work, self-coping and reflection, hospital support, government support, and social support.

Conclusion:

The recommendations for the policy-makers, put forward by the current study are; designing and engineering effective personal protective equipment (lightweight protective suit with long-lasting durable diapers and face masks with a portal for drinking juice or water), rostering minimal working hours, live-in care facilities, exclusion of pregnant and sick health care providers during an epidemic assignment and frequent outbreak training sessions for all department staff.
The prescriptions of psychotropic medications in telepsychiatry: An online survey of psychiatrists in India
Authors: Basavarajappa Chethan , Grover Sandeep , Dalal Pronob K. , Avasthi Ajit , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Manjunatha Narayana , Mehra Aseem , Saha Gautam , Sahoo Swapnajeet , Singh Om Prakash , Tripathi Adarsh , Gangadhar Bangalore N. , Math Suresh Bada
Published: March 2022

Context:

Over the years, telepsychiatry services have expanded in many institutes. The Telemedicine Practice Guidelines and Telepsychiatry Operational Guidelines (TPOG) released in 2020 have been received by the fraternity with a mixture of apprehension, relief, and dissatisfaction on the list of drugs provided in Lists O, A, B, and C. Many psychiatrists have raised the issues of having a consensus in the formulation of List A.

Aims:

To draw consensus on the medications that can be listed in Lists O, A, B, and C in TPOG-2020.

Settings and Design:

This was an online survey with ethics approval by the Indian Psychiatric Society Ethics Review Board. All psychiatrists, who are members of the Indian Psychiatric Society and whose E-mail address was available with the society, were sent the survey link by E-mail.

Methodology:

Opinions and suggestions on Lists O, A, B, and C of TPOG-2020 and reasons for the suggestions were collected.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Frequency, percentages, mean, and standard deviation were calculated. T-test and Chi-square tests were used to see the influence of demographics on the concurrence of the lists.

Results:

Responses from 340 responders were analyzed. Majority of the responders agreed that List O (277, 85.5%), List B (263, 82.4%), and List C (223, 69%) are apt except for List A (162, 50.3%).

Conclusions:

This online survey showed that majority of the responders agreed to the lists except for List A. The approach taken to include the medications in List A, which was to include the essential drugs, has various benefits. However, the lists are not final, and the results of this survey may become an impetus to modify the list in the next edition of TPOG.