bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telomerase‐specific oncolytic adenoviral therapy for orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma in HBx transgenic mice
Authors: Lin Wei‐Hsiang , Yeh Shiou‐Hwei , Yang Wan‐Jen , Yeh Kun‐Huei , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi , Nii Aisuke , Chang Stanley Shi‐Chung , Chen Pei‐Jer
Published: August 2012

The telomerase‐specific replication‐competent oncolytic adenovirus, Telomelysin, was developed for virus‐mediated preferential lysis of tumor cells. Its selectivity is derived from a human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter‐driven active viral replication, which occurs in cancer cells with high telomerase activity but not in normal cells lacking such activity. Because the TERT activity is elevated in most cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the current study aims to investigate whether Telomelysin can be used for treatment of HCC. The oncolytic effect of Telomelysin has been investigated both in vitro using cell culture and in vivo using an immunocompetent in situ orthotopic HCC model. In this model, HCC developed spontaneously in the liver of HBx transgenic mice, which is pathologically and genetically similar to human HCC. In cell culture assay, Telomelysin lyses HCC cell lines at a low multiplicity of infection (MOI), ranging 0.77–6.35 (MOI [PFU/cell]). In the orthotopic HCC model, Telomelysin showed a potent oncolytic effect on HCC but spared normal liver tissue. Dose escalation analysis identified a safety dose of 1.25 × 108 PFU for this model. The effect of multiple injections of Telomelysin was also evaluated in this immunocompetent HCC model. We found that the virus replicates in HCC after a second intratumoral injection despite an immune response induced by the previous injection. This preclinical study shows that Telomelysin can be used for treatment of human HCC at an appropriate dosage and that its tumor‐killing activity persists after multiple injections.
2‐Amino‐3‐(1‐(4‐(4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl) piperazine‐1‐yl)butyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl) propanoic acid: synthesized, 99mTc‐tricarbonyl labeled, and bioevaluated as a potential 5HT1A receptor ligand
Authors: Hassanzadeh Leila , Erfani Mostafa , Sadat Ebrahimi Seyed Esmaeil
Published: August 2012

To develop a novel 5HT1A receptor imaging agent, a new methoxyphenyl piperazine derivative was synthesized and radiolabeled with 99mTc‐tricarbonyl precursor. We used the Cu (I)‐catalyzed cycloaddition of azide and terminal alkynes to synthesize 1, 2, 3 triazole as the metal chelating system. This synthesis provided reliable and reproducible method to attach technetium to the methoxyphenyl piperazine moiety. 99mTc‐tricabonyl labeling of ligand was performed at high radiochemical purity (greater than 95%). The radiolabeled compound was stable at least 24 h in room temperature. In vitro stability study in human serum albumin showed more than 90% stability in 37 °C incubation for 6 h. Biodistribution studies in rat have shown brain hippocampus uptake of 0.31 ± 0.02 %ID/g at 5‐min post‐injection. The favorable in vitro/in vivo stability, lipophilicity, and biodistribution profiles suggest that this radioconjugate is a good candidate for further exploration of its potential clinical application. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of S‐thiomethyl MAG3, radiolabelling with technetium‐99m and biological evaluation
Authors: Sanyal Kasturi , Chattopadhyay Sankha , Debnath Mita Chatterjee
Published: August 2012

Protection of the thiolate function of the mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) by S‐thiomethyl group allows automatic deprotection of the protecting group during technetium‐99m radiolabelling by transchelation using stannous chloride dihydrate as reductant. Protection of the thiolate group with S‐thiomethyl increases the stability of the ligand, desired complex of high radiochemical purity could be prepared under relatively mild labelling condition (at room temperature) omitting the aeration step. The complex prepared from the S‐thiomethyl protected MAG3 ligand were chromatographically (HPLC) and biologically compared with the corresponding complex prepared from the S‐benzoylated MAG3 precursor. This result suggests that technetium‐99m complex of MAG3 could be prepared from S‐thiomethylated MAG3 precursor in comparatively higher purity under relatively milder labelling condition and this method of radiolabelling could be used for the development of less cumbrous single vial MAG3 kit. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical analysis of electrical logging‐while‐drilling tool using propagator matrix method
Authors: Liu Guo‐Sheng , Yang Hai‐Dong
Published: August 2012

In this paper, a propagator matrix method applied to logging‐while‐drilling tools is introduced and extended to deal with the anisotropic and radially inhomogeneous earth formations. This method expands the Maxwell's equations in the transverse direction, constructs the relationship between propagator matrix and reflection matrix, and obtains the solution by using the reflection matrix. We systematically derived the formulas of propagator matrix method in isotropic media, uniaxially anisotropic media, fully anisotropic media, and radially inhomogeneous media respectively. In order to obtain the propagator matrix in complex media, we used the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta scheme. Numerical experiments show that, compared with traditional methods, the propagator matrix method has wide range of applications while maintaining low computational costs and high accuracy. All algorithms presented in the paper have been parallelized and implemented on a high‐performance computing platform. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The study of packaging miniaturization effect on the characteristics of an active planar circuit by using the iterative method
Authors: Ziar Toufik , Zaabat Mourad , Baudrand Henri
Published: August 2012

The aim of this manuscript is to present the application of an iterative method based on the concept of transverse wave to analyze the packaging (passive element and substrate) miniaturization effect on the characteristics of an active planar circuit structure. This approach consists in the substitution of the active element by one auxiliary source, and connection is assumed by microstrip line as passive element deposited on one unique substrate. An implementation of the presented theory is shown by extraction of S‐parameters and impedances of the active circuit using MATLAB program codes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential physiological responses to prey availability by the great egret and white Ibis
Authors: Herring Garth , Gawlik Dale E.
Published: August 2012

In long‐lived species, the balance between the benefits of reproduction and the costs from reduced survival or productivity is particularly challenging in dynamic environments like wetlands, where food levels vary greatly year to year. Some wetland species exhibit changes in reproductive strategies in response to food availability but whether physiological responses function in a similar manner is unclear. We compared the pre‐breeding physiological responses (fecal corticosterone [FCORT], heat shock protein 60 [HSP60], and mass) of 2 species of wading birds with contrasting foraging strategies (great egret [Ardea alba], an exploiter, and white ibis [Eudocimus albus], a searcher) during years with contrasting levels of prey availability. Both species were in good physiological condition, with low levels of HSP60 and FCORT, during a year with high prey availability (2006). In a contrasting year with lesser prey availability (2007), HSP60 and FCORT concentrations indicated that ibis physiological condition was reduced, whereas egrets showed little change. Egrets and male ibis increased body mass, whereas female ibis decreased mass, in the year with low prey availability. Although poorly understood, we hypothesize that the differential response between female ibis and the others is associated with differential investment strategies based on long‐term costs of reproduction. Model results identified prey availability and the 2‐week water recession rate as the primary habitat variables that were associated with the physiological condition of white ibises, whereas great egret physiological condition was influenced mostly by 2‐week water recession rate. Our results support the hypothesis that prey availability and hydrological factors play crucial roles in regulating populations of wading birds in the Florida Everglades. The results of this study show a more complete pathway by which hydrologic patterns affect wading birds, and it suggests that ibis are more sensitive to habitat conditions than are egrets. This information can be used to refine species models designed to evaluate water management scenarios and will improve our ability to manage and restore wetland ecosystems © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
The boundary value problems for the scalar Oseen equation
Authors: Medkova Dagmar , Skopin Emma , Varnhorn Werner
Published: August 2012

The scalar Oseen equation represents a linearized form of the Navier Stokes equations, well‐known in hydrodynamics. In the present paper we develop an explicit potential theory for this equation and solve the interior and exterior Oseen Dirichlet and Oseen Neumann boundary value problems via a boundary integral equation method in spaces of continuous functions on a C2‐boundary, extending the classical approach for the isotropic selfadjoint Laplace operator to the anisotropic non‐selfadjoint scalar Oseen operator. It turns out that the solution to all boundary value problems can be presented by boundary potentials with source densities constructed as uniquely determined solutions of boundary integral equations.
Controlled ROP of β‐Butyrolactone Simply Mediated by Amidine, Guanidine, and Phosphazene Organocatalysts
Authors: Jaffredo Cédric G. , Carpentier Jean‐François , Guillaume Sophie M.
Published: August 2012

Basic organocatalysts of the guanidine (1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene, TBD), amidine (1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]‐undec‐7‐ene, DBU), and phosphazene (2‐tert‐butylimino‐2‐diethylamino‐1,3‐dimethylperhydro‐1,3,2diazaphosphorine, BEMP) type do effectively polymerize β‐butyrolactone (BL). Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)s (PHBs) with controlled molecular features, that is, controlled molar masses, narrow molar mass distributions, and well‐defined functional end groups are thus formed at 60 °C from bulk monomer, with $ \overline{M}_{\rm n,NMR}$ up to 21 500 g mol−1. The formation of α,ω‐guanidine/amidine/phosphazene,crotonate functionalized PHBs, as demonstrated by NMR, SEC, and MALDI–ToF mass spectrometry analyses, mechanistically suggests the formation of N‐acyl‐α,β‐unsaturated propagating species that originate from 1:1 guanidine/amidine/phosphazene:BL adducts.
Age at onset and symptom spread in primary adult‐onset blepharospasm and cervical dystonia
Authors: Martino Davide , Berardelli Alfredo , Abbruzzese Giovanni , Bentivoglio Anna Rita , Esposito Marcello , Fabbrini Giovanni , Guidubaldi Arianna , Girlanda Paolo , Liguori Rocco , Marinelli Lucio , Morgante Francesca , Santoro Lucio , Defazio Giovanni
Published: August 2012

Background:

The site of dystonia onset is known to affect the risk of spread in primary adult‐onset focal dystonia, but other factors possibly influencing spread are unknown. This study explored the relationship between age and spread of dystonia in primary adult‐onset focal dystonia.

Methods:

Two survival models analyzed spread of dystonia in a large cohort of patients with primary blepharospasm (BSP) and cervical dystonia. The first model was based on time interval between onset and spread of dystonia, and the second model was based on age at spread.

Results:

Patients presenting with BSP had a 2‐fold higher rate of spread than those presenting with cervical dystonia, regardless of the survival model used. However, survival analysis, based on age at spread, showed that spread develops at a similar age period in both groups, with most spread events occurring after the age of 50.

Conclusions:

The convergent age of spread in BSP and cervical dystonia is a novel finding indicating age as a factor modulating spread of dystonia. These findings may assist in informing prognostication for patients with primary adult‐onset focal dystonia. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
A new robust visual tracking algorithm based on Transfer Adaptive Boosting
Authors: Wu Songtao , Zhu Yuesheng , Zhang Qing
Published: August 2012

A new robust visual tracking algorithm, based on Transfer Adaptive Boosting, is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is able to produce a higher accuracy hypothesis for more effective and adaptive tracking by using certain useful historical instances of the video. The theoretical upper bound for the classification error of the samples and its corresponding theorem are also given. The theoretic analysis and simulation results show that the new method achieves a better performance compared with other methods in terms of avoiding drifting and miss‐tracking, even with complex variations and alterations of the object's original appearance, such as occlusions, illuminations, and shape deformations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are male and female responses to social phobia diagnostic criteria comparable?
Authors: Crome Erica , Baillie Andrew , Taylor Alan
Published: August 2012

Females typically report higher social phobia levels than males in community samples, and this may be due to sex bias in assessment measures. This study aims to establish whether patterns of responding to social phobia diagnostic criteria in the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) are comparable across males and females. A subsample of participants in the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (1997) reporting at least one social fear were selected (n = 1755). Analyses were conducted using a series of multi‐group confirmatory factor analyses for categorical data, with unique steps to model invariance of residual variances. Partial, but not full, invariance was established, as males and females differed in their responses to items assessing physical anxiety symptoms at low levels of social fear. Whilst these differences were statistically significant, they are likely not to affect clinical practice or rates of social phobia diagnosis. This supports differences on this measure being interpreted as genuine, and strengthens findings females are more vulnerable to social phobia than males. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of tearing mechanisms of woven textile
Authors: Triki Ennouri , Nguyen‐Tri Phuong , Boukehili Hychem , Vu‐Khanh Toan
Published: August 2012

Tearing resistance is an important parameter for evaluating the reliability of textile structures, especially in the case of protective materials. In order to better understand the individual contribution of the different mechanisms involved in the tearing process, a study of the relation between the fabric and yarn properties characterizing these mechanisms and the tearing energy has been carried out. For that purpose, polyester fabrics with two types of weave patterns and various values of filling yarn density and linear density were characterized in terms of tongue tear energy, yarn and fabric modulus, breaking force and elongation at break, yarn slippage, and yarn jamming. Data for all tested fabrics relied on a unique master curve when the tearing energy was expressed as a function of the transverse yarn slippage force. This demonstrates the strong contribution of transverse yarn slippage to the tearing process, a mechanism which has generally been overlooked in previous works on tearing. Relationships between the tearing energy and the other properties characteristics of the mechanisms involved in tearing of woven textiles were also observed. These results build the path toward the development of models for the tearing energy of textile structures. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Empathy, emotional contagion, and rapid facial reactions to angry and happy facial expressions
Authors: Dimberg Ulf , Thunberg Monika
Published: August 2012

The aim was to explore whether emotional empathy is related to the capacity to react with rapid facial reactions to facial expressions of emotion, and if emotional empathy is related to the ability to experience a similar emotion as expressed by another person. People high or low in emotional empathy were exposed to pictures of happy and angry faces while their facial electromyography from the zygomaticus major and corrugator supercilii muscle regions was detected. High empathy participants rapidly reacted with larger zygomatic muscle activity to happy as compared with angry faces as early as after 500 ms after stimulus onset, and with larger corrugator muscle activity to angry than to happy faces after 500 ms. Accordingly, this group also reacted with a corresponding experience of emotion. The low empathy participants, in contrast, did not differentiate between the happy and angry stimuli with either facial muscles or in their self experience of emotion. The findings are related to the facial feedback hypothesis and the results are interpreted as support for the hypothesis that rapid and automatically evoked facial mimicry may be one important mechanism for emotional and empathic contagion to occur.
Corticosterone combined with intramedial prefrontal cortex infusion of SCH 23390 impairs the strong fear response in high‐fear‐reactivity rats
Authors: An Xian‐Li , Zheng Xi‐Geng , Liang Jing , Bai Yun‐Jing
Published: August 2012

Accumulating evidence suggests that stress‐dose corticosteroids impair fear memory in animals and humans. Corticosteroid treatment after critical illness is seen as a potential psychotropic medication by which to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder. However, individual difference in the responsiveness to stress (i.e., stress reactivity) is a factor that modulates the efficacy of corticosteroids. To understand the contribution of fear reactivity to the effect of post‐stress corticosterone, male Sprague‐Dawley rats were subjected to classical tone‐cued fear conditioning and separated into high and low reactivity (HR and LR, respectively) responder groups based on their levels of freezing during conditioning. The HR rats showed significantly higher fear responses than the LR rats during conditioning as assessed by freezing behavior. At two intervals, 30 min and 48 hr later, the HR rats still displayed more pronounced conditioned responses to cued stimuli compared with the LR rats. Moreover, in contrast to the LR rats, the enhanced fear response in the HR rats was difficult to attenuate by post‐training high‐dose corticosterone. These results suggest that fear reactivity results in stronger fear memory, and that it is difficult to disrupt this strong fear memory in the HR phenotype using monotherapy. However, the strong fear memory in the HR rats was impaired by concurrent intramedial prefrontal cortex infusion of a high dose of the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 and systemic administration of corticosterone. SCH 23390 and corticosterone alone did not decrease freezing levels in the HR rats. The fear impairment induced by SCH 23390 combined with corticosterone was not attributable to the effect of these drugs on locomotor activity. This effect was not found with administration of the D2 antagonist eticlopride combined with corticosterone. Our findings demonstrate that the conditioned fear memory in individuals with high stress reactivity is difficult to disrupt using monotherapy, but that combined pharmacotherapy may be useful for treating intervention‐resistant fear.
Uncertainty and psychological adjustment in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Kurita Keiko , Garon Edward B. , Stanton Annette L. , Meyerowitz Beth E.
Published: August 2012

Background

For many patients with lung cancer, disease progression occurs without notice or with vague symptoms, and unfortunately, most treatments are not curative. Given this unpredictability, we hypothesized the following: (1) poorer psychological adjustment (specifically, more depressive symptoms, higher perceptions of stress, and poorer emotional well‐being) would be associated with higher intolerance for uncertainty, higher perceived illness‐related ambiguity, and their interaction; and (2) greater avoidance would mediate associations between higher intolerance of uncertainty and poorer psychological adjustment.

Methods

Participants (N = 49) diagnosed with lung cancer at least 6 months prior to enrollment completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression Scale, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Lung Emotional Well‐being subscale, the Perceived Stress scale, the Intolerance of Uncertainty scale, the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale Ambiguity subscale, the Impact of Event – Revised Avoidance subscale, and the Short‐scale Eysenck Personality Questionnaire – Revised Neuroticism subscale. Mean age was 64.2 years (standard deviation [SD] = 11.0), mean years of education was 15.6 (SD = 3.1), and 71.4% were female. Hypotheses were tested with regression analyses, adjusted for neuroticism.

Results

Higher perceptions of stress and poorer emotional well‐being were associated with higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty and higher perceived illness‐related ambiguity. Non‐somatic depressive symptoms were associated with higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty. Avoidance was found to mediate relations of intolerance of uncertainty with non‐somatic depressive symptoms and emotional well‐being only.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that interventions to address avoidance and intolerance of uncertainty in individuals with lung cancer may help improve psychological adjustment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linguistic indicators of patient, couple, and family adjustment following breast cancer
Authors: Robbins Megan L. , Mehl Matthias R. , Smith Hillary L. , Weihs Karen L.
Published: August 2012

Background

This study examined how language reflective of emotional and social processes during a cancer‐related discussion relates to patient, couple, and family adjustment after breast cancer. It investigated whether emotional expression or relational focus, manifested in language use, indicates healthy family coping following breast cancer.

Methods

Family members each completed measures of adjustment (Family Environment Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and patient Profile of Mood States) and engaged in a 15‐min family discussion about how they have coped with breast cancer. Transcripts from the discussion were submitted to a text‐analysis software program to obtain frequency of positive and negative emotion words, and personal pronouns spoken by each family member. The relationship between self‐reports of adjustment and frequency of language use during the family discussion was analyzed with regression models.

Results

Partners' positive emotion words were indicative of better family adjustment, patients' negative emotion words indicated greater family conflict, and sons' and daughters' anger words indicated poorer adjustment, whereas their anxiety words indicated better family adjustment. Partner we‐talk was related to better dyadic adjustment, and couples' ‘you’ was somewhat related to worse adjustment at all levels.

Conclusions

Important information about how a family copes with breast cancer can be obtained by attending to families' emotional and relational language. This study suggests that clinicians and members of families' support networks can gauge how well a family has adapted after the breast cancer experience by attending to the type of words that each family member uses to describe how they coped with breast cancer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infrared measurement and irradiation of ultra low carbon concentration silicon crystal
Authors: Inoue Naohisa , Goto Yasunori , Seki Hirofumi , Watanabe Kaori , Oyama Hidenori , Kawamura Yuichi
Published: August 2012

Vacancy‐interstitial‐oxygen‐carbon (VIOC) complexes induced by electron irradiation in ultra‐low and low carbon content (well below and around 1015/cm3) CZ silicon crystals were examined by highly sensitive infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy at RT. Absorption lines of peak absorbance down to 5x10‐6 were successfully delineated. Dose dependence and annealing temperature dependence were systematically investigated. Both major and minor groups were detected. Increase, saturation and decrease for the dose increase is mainly due to the chain reaction. Order estimate of complex concentration was performed. In addition to the established advantage of IR such as wide applicability to all complexes, reliable assignment and insensitivity to coexisting defects, high sensitivity down to 5x1012/cm3 was established. The problem of measuring carbon substitutional (Cs) concentration was discussed and reduction of [Cs] in the reference material by irradiation is demonstrated. These techniques will provide reliable measurement of oxygen, and nitrogen also and tool for analysis of the infrared defect dynamics in growing silicon crystals. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A re‐examination of the interstitial Ti levels in Si
Authors: Kolkovsky Vladimir , Scheffler Leopold , Weber Joerg
Published: August 2012

Using high‐resolution Laplace DLTS studies we demonstrate that three Ti‐related levels (E40, E150 and H180) previously assigned to the different charge states of the interstitial Ti belong to different Ti defects. The enhancement of the emission rates of E40 and H180 as a function of the electric field (Poole‐Frenkel effect) shows that these defects are charged before they capture a majority carrier in n‐ and p‐type Si, respectively. In contrast to the previous studies we did not observe the Poole‐Frenkel effect for E150. The inconsistence is correlated with the presence of H‐related defects close to E150, which cannot be distinguished by using the conventional DLTS technique. The absence of the Poole‐Frenkel effect for E150 indicates that the defect is an acceptor in n‐type Si. The origin of the defects will be discussed. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sequential hydrogen dissociation from a charged Pt13H24 cluster modeled by ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Meng Qingguo , May P. Stanley , Berry Mary T. , Kilin Dmitri
Published: August 2012

Platinum is one of the most valuable catalysts that have been used in the catalytic fields of hydrogenation, fuel‐cell technologies, and photocatalytic water splitting. In this work, the dissociative chemisorption of hydrogen in a molecular form on a Pt13H24 cluster with cuboctahedral symmetry (Oh), which has one center Pt atom and side 12 Pt atoms (each bonded by two hydrogen), is investigated by using first‐principles density functional theory calculation. After computing geometry optimization on the Pt13H24 cluster, the equilibrium distances of PtPt and PtH are inspected. Two nonequilibrium modifications, for example, addition of electrons and heat treatment were applied on the cluster, with the aim to simulate the experimental reaction of hydrogen on the Pt13 H24 cluster. An ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) is simulated after the cluster is charged and heat treated at high temperature to compute the trajectory for the positions of all the atoms. The computation results reveal that H2 desorption is observed during the MD simulation, and higher temperature is beneficial to the H2 desorption. An elementary hydrogen evolution mechanism on the charged Pt cluster can be established as 2Hads+ + 2e− + Ptads→ [PtadsHadsHads] → H2↑ + Pt. A rate (fs−1) of hydrogen desorption from different cluster models is determined, together with the hydrogen dissociative activation energy as a function of total charge. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis and control of switched linear systems via modified Lyapunov–Metzler inequalities
Authors: Duan Chang , Wu Fen
Published: August 2012

This paper addresses analysis and switching control problems of continuous/discrete‐time switched linear systems. A particular class of matrix inequalities, the so‐called Lyapunov–Metzler inequalities, will be modified to provide conditions for stability analysis and output feedback control synthesis under a relaxed min‐switching logic. The switching rule combined with switching output feedback controllers will be designed to stabilize the switched system and satisfy a prespecified gain performance. The proposed analysis and switching control approach could refrain frequent switches commonly observed in min‐switching based designs. The effectiveness of the proposed approach will be illustrated through numerical examples. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐tuning minimum variance control of linear systems followed by saturation nonlinearities in a noisy frame
Authors: Pupeikis Rimantas
Published: August 2012

The aim of the present paper was to increase the efficiency of self‐tuning minimum variance (MV) control of linear systems followed by the so‐called hard nonlinearities. To this end, an approach based on reordering of observations to be processed for the reconstruction of an unmeasurable internal intermediate signal, which acts between a linear dynamic time‐invariant (LTI) system and a static nonlinear block of the closed loop Wiener system with a saturation nonlinearity in an output, has been developed. The technique based on the ordinary least squares and on data partition is used for the internal signal extraction. The results of numerical simulation, identification, and self‐tuning MV control as well as generalized MV control of the second‐order discrete‐time closed loop LTI system with the saturation nonlinearity are given by the computer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FTDA: outlier detection‐based fault‐tolerant data aggregation for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Ozdemir Suat , Xiao Yang
Published: August 2012

Data aggregation protocols are essential for wireless sensor networks to prolong network lifetime by reducing energy consumption of sensor nodes. For mission‐critical wireless sensor networks, however, not only the energy consumption of sensor nodes but also the correctness of the data aggregation results is critical. As wireless sensor networks are usually deployed in harsh and hostile environments, malfunctioning and/or compromised sensor nodes negatively affect the correctness of the data aggregation results. This paper presents a fault‐tolerant data aggregation scheme that eliminates the false data sent by malfunctioning and/or compromised sensor nodes. To conserve energy while eliminating false data, an in‐network outlier detection technique that is based on locality sensitive hashing scheme is used. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to reduce the number of false data transmissions, thereby increasing the data aggregation accuracy. Moreover, it is also observed that the proposed scheme reduces the overall data transmission in the network. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using particle swarm optimization in fuzzy association rules‐based feature selection and fuzzy ARTMAP‐based attack recognition
Authors: Sheikhan Mansour , Sharifi Rad Maryam
Published: August 2012

Feature selection is a classic research topic in data mining, and it has attracted much interest in many fields such as network security. In addition, data mining approaches such as fuzzy association rule mining (FARM) can improve the performance of intrusion detection systems. In this study, a FARM‐based feature selector is proposed in order to reduce the dimension of input features to the misuse detector. Furthermore, a fuzzy ARTMAP neural network is used as the classifier. The accuracy of the proposed approach depends strongly on the precision of the parameters of FARM‐based feature selector module and fuzzy ARTMAP neural classifier. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is incorporated into the proposed method to determine optimum values of parameters. In this way, the performance of PSO algorithm is compared with genetic algorithm (GA), as well. Experimental results indicate that PSO outperforms GA both in population size and number of evolutions and can converge faster. This is very important for enhancing the mining performance in large datasets such as intrusion detection datasets. When compared with some other machine learning methods, the proposed system indicates better performance in terms of detection rate, false alarm rate, and cost per example. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A secure IPv6 address configuration scheme for a MANET
Authors: Wang Xiaonan , Mu Yi
Published: August 2012

We propose a secure Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) address configuration scheme for a Mobile Ad Hoc Network. The scheme presents the architecture for a Mobile Ad Hoc Network and the hierarchical IPv6 address structure. In the architecture, a new node can acquire a unique IPv6 address from a proxy node within one‐hop scope without performing a duplicate address detection process, and the IP addresses occupied by failed nodes can be recovered automatically for reuse. On the basis of the hierarchical IPv6 address structure, each proxy node can acquire a unique address scope for assignment and assign a unique IP address for new nodes, so the address configuration task is distributed around proxy nodes. In addition, the transmission scope of the control packets for address configuration is controlled within one‐hop scope, so the address configuration cost is reduced, and the delay is shortened. The security of the proposed address configuration scheme is achieved through authentication. The paper analyzes the performance parameters of the proposed scheme and the existing schemes, and the analytical results show that the address configuration cost of the proposed scheme is lower and the delay is shorter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of an oxidation of the carbon fiber surface by boiling nitric acid on the adhesion strength in carbon fiber‐acrylate composites cured by electron beam
Authors: Vautard F. , Fioux P. , Vidal L. , Dentzer J. , Schultz J. , Nardin M. , Defoort B.
Published: August 2012

A time‐dependent oxidation of carbon fibers in boiling nitric acid was used to investigate the influence of a modification of the fiber surface properties on the adhesion strength with an acrylate resin cured by electron beam (EB). For each time of treatment, a characterization of the surface topography and the surface chemistry was done (topography at a micrometric and nanometric scale, specific surface area, temperature programmed desorption, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis). The oxidation of the fiber surface in boiling nitric acid created a rough surface, which significantly increased the specific surface area, and also generated a high density of hydroxyl groups, carboxylic acids and lactones in comparison to untreated fibers. The adhesion strength with the acrylate resin cured by EB was measured by a pull‐out test. For comparison, an isothermal ultraviolet curing of the matrix was also investigated. The value of the interfacial shear strength, determined by the Greszczuk's model, was increased by the oxidation of the carbon fiber surface for both curing processes, but lower values were systemically obtained with EB curing. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Children's Acceptance of Others with Disability: The Influence of a Disability‐Simulation Program
Authors: Hurst Christina , Corning Ken , Ferrante Richard
Published: August 2012

Elementary school is a transitional and impressionable period for any child. In inclusive classroom settings, children with disabilities may experience the challenges of acceptance and integration into peer relationships. The experience of children with disabilities in such classrooms can be positive if their classmates are accepting and open. One way to encourage these attitudes is by increasing awareness through disability‐simulation. This study evaluates an existing school program, whose goal is to increase acceptance of others with disability. We surveyed students to assess the influence of the program. An adapted acceptance scale was distributed to students before and after participation in the program. Our hypothesis was that student acceptance would increase after participating in the program. Additionally, we hypothesized that physical, visual, and auditory disabilities would be easier for students to understand, making acceptance scores for these disabilities higher than those for a learning disability. We report changes in acceptance using group means. Our results reveal that post‐survey responses showed higher acceptance than pre‐survey responses, especially for auditory disabilities. Other significant findings include differences in attitudes between the two schools and differences based on prior experience with someone with a disability. By evaluating the effectiveness of this type of program (whose efficacy has been controversial in the literature), this study can provide teachers, administrators, genetic counselors, and parents with a better idea of how to address children's attitudes towards peers. In our study, the effectiveness of promoting understanding through disability‐simulation has proven its worth to improve children's acceptance.
Phytoplankton species abundance in Lake Kasumigaura (Japan) monitored monthly or biweekly since 1978
Authors: Takamura Noriko , Nakagawa Megumi
Published: August 2012

This data paper reports the abundance of phytoplankton species in monthly or biweekly samples collected from May 1978 through March 2010 at two stations on Lake Kasumigaura, a shallow lake that is the second‐largest lake in Japan. The data set of quantitatively over several decades is unique among the available published data papers concerning lakes or plankton and continues to be freely available. The monitoring has been performed as a component of the Lake Kasumigaura Long‐term Environmental Monitoring program, conducted by the National Institute for Environmental Studies since 1977. The data set details 173 phytoplankton species (or taxa), which can be identified by using an optical microscope and records their abundance. The abundance of each species is expressed in units of volume (μm3) per milliliter of lake water. This approach allows quantitative comparisons among taxa because the cell size of phytoplankton varies by several orders of magnitude among taxa. The phytoplankton data include 39 species (taxa) of Cyanophyta, 67 Chlorophyceae (Chlorophyta), 3 Prasinophyceae (Chlorophyta), 1 Raphidophyceae (Heterokontophyta), 6 Euglenophyceae (Euglenozoa), 4 Dinophyceae (Dinophyta), 38 Bacillariophyceae (Heterokontophyta), 6 Chrysophyceae (Heterokontophyta), 7 Xanthophyceae (Heterokontophyta), 1 Cryptophyceae (Cryptophyta) and 1 Prymnesiophyceae (Haptophyta). The data have been used for ecological and environmental studies and for studies on lake management.
The densities of bacteria, picophytoplankton, heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates in Lake Kasumigaura (Japan) monitored monthly since 1996
Authors: Takamura Noriko , Nakagawa Megumi
Published: August 2012

This data paper describes the densities of the bacterioplankton, picocyanobacteria, eukaryotic picoplankton, heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates in the water of Lake Kasumigaura—a shallow, eutrophic lake that is the second largest in Japan. All of these planktonic organisms are components of a microbial loop and are countable using an epifluorescence microscope. These data represent the results of monthly collections from April 1996 through March 2010 at two sites on the lake, and this data set is unique among the available published data papers concerning lakes or plankton and continues to be freely available. The monitoring was performed as a component of the Lake Kasumigaura Long‐term Environmental Monitoring program conducted by National Institute for Environmental Studies since 1977 and includes water quality, plankton, and benthos. The data have been used for ecological studies and for studies on the management of water quality.
Reducing the impact of location errors for target tracking in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Souza Éfren L. , Nakamura Eduardo F. , de Oliveira Horácio A. B. F. , Figueiredo Carlos M. S.
Published: August 2012

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), target tracking algorithms usually depend on geographical information provided by localization algorithms. However, errors introduced by such algorithms affect the performance of tasks that rely on that information. A major source or errors in localization algorithms is the distance estimation procedure, which often is based on received signal strength indicator measurements. In this work, we use a Kalman Filter to improve the distance estimation within localization algorithms to reduce distance estimation errors, ultimately improving the target tracking accuracy. As a proof-of-concept, we chose the recursive position estimation and directed position estimation as the localization algorithms, while Kalman and Particle filters are used for tracking a moving target. We provide a deep performance assessment of these combined algorithms (localization and tracking) for WSNs are used. Our results show that by filtering multiple distance estimates in the localization algorithms we can improve the tracking accuracy, but the associate communication cost must not be neglected.
Russian labor: Quiescence and conflict
Authors: Vinogradova Elena , Kozina Irina , Cook Linda
Published: August 2012

This paper aims to explain the characteristics and internal mechanisms of protest activity and solidarity among Russia’s industrial workers over the past two decades. Both academic discussions and officials’ attitudes toward protests prove contradictory. Even in periods of increase, labor activism has remained limited. Yet authorities continue to show concern about real and potential discontent, while academics puzzle over the dominance of quiescence as well as the reasons for sporadic activism. The research presented in this article advances our understanding of both: the limits of protest, and the causes, forms and goals of Russian labor’s periodic collective activism. We rely on a combination of available statistical and recent survey data to try to resolve the paradoxes of labor’s quiescence and conflict, as well as elites’ neglect and concern.

The research finds changes in patterns of labor activism over the two decades. During the 1990s, most strikes were limited, defensive, managed, or desperate in character. In Russia’s recovered economy, from 2006 a qualitatively different, “classical” pattern of strikes and labor relations emerged. Workers’ collective actions mainly affected large, profitable industrial and transnational enterprises and took the form of “normalized” bargaining and conflict between labor and management. With the 2008–09 recession workers returned to the defensive strategies of the 1990s, protesting wage cuts and factory closures. Survey research from 2010 shows workers to be almost evenly divided between groups with positive and negative attitudes toward solidarity and bargaining.
Public Forces and Private Politics in American Big Business
Authors: Werner Timothy
Published: August 2012

What are the political motivations behind firms' decisions to adopt policies that self-regulate their behavior in a manner that is beyond compliance with state, federal and local law? Public Forces and Private Politics in American Big Business advances a new understanding of the firm as a political actor that expands beyond the limited conceptualizations offered by economists and organization theorists. Timothy Werner develops a general theory of private politics that is tested using three case studies: the environment, gay rights and executive compensation. Using the conclusions of these case studies and an analysis of interviews with executives at 'Fortune 500' firms, Werner finds that politics can contribute significantly to our understanding of corporate decision-making on private policies and corporate social responsibility in the United States.
Predation of larval benthic invertebrates in St George’s Bay, Nova Scotia
Authors: Short Jessie , Metaxas Anna , Daigle Rémi M.
Published: August 2012

Larval survival during planktonic dispersal is crucial to the connectivity among benthic populations. Although predation has been suggested as an important cause of larval mortality, this process has rarely been quantified in the field. We measured the abundance of various larval species in the water column in St George’s Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, on 3 different occasions in summer (August 2008, July and August 2009), the period of high larval abundance in our region. We sampled four numerically dominant predators (scyphozoans: Cyanea capillata and Aurelia aurita; fishes: Gasterosteus aculeatus and Merluccius bilinearis) and lobster larvae near the water surface with a neuston net and other larval species in the water column (3 m depth) with a ring net. Larvae found in the gut contents of the predators included various species of gastropods, crustaceans and bivalves, and these were more abundant in the scyphozoans than the fishes. We attribute these differences to variation in predation method. For certain larval taxa, we found significant differences between the proportional abundance in the guts of C. capillata and in the water column, indicating prey selectivity. This study evaluates the potential impact of predation on larval survival and indicates that the presence of predators can cause changes in abundance and consequent taxonomic shifts in species dominance of larvae, influencing their successful subsequent recruitment to the benthos.
Iheyaspira bathycodon new species (Vetigastropoda: Trochoidea: Turbinidae: Skeneinae) from the Von Damm Vent Field, Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre, Caribbean
Authors: Nye Verity , Copley Jon , Linse Katrin , Plouviez Sophie
Published: August 2012

Iheyaspira bathycodon sp. nov. is described from the Von Damm Vent Field on the world's deepest spreading centre, the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre (MCSC), Caribbean, at 2300 m depth. The new species is defined and illustrated from 11 specimens, with brief notes on habitat and known distribution. Molecular phylogenetic data from partial COI mDNA, 16S rDNA and nuclear 18S rDNA regions are used to analyse the species’ phylogenetic position and its morphology is compared with previously described skeneid and vent taxa. The new species is distinguished from the most closely allied vent species, Iheyaspira lequios Okutani, Sasaki & Tsuchida, 2000 by morphological differences in radula diagnosis and appendage structure of the head-foot. Iheyaspira bathycodon sp. nov. is the tenth turbinid to be described from a hydrothermal-vent environment and the second species to be named from recently discovered hydrothermal vents on the MCSC. Determining the faunal composition of assemblages at the vent fields of the MCSC will help to elucidate the vent biogeography of the region.
A new species ofLebbeus(Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae) from the Von Damm Vent Field, Caribbean Sea
Authors: Nye Verity , Copley Jon , Plouviez Sophie , Van Dover Cindy Lee
Published: August 2012

A new species of the hippolytid shrimp genusLebbeusWhite, 1847 is described from the Von Damm Vent Field (VDVF) on the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre, Caribbean Sea, at 2294 m water depth.Lebbeus virentovasp. nov. is defined and illustrated from seven specimens, with brief notes on its distribution and habitat. Molecular phylogenetic data from the COI mDNA region are used to analyse the species’ phylogenetic position, and its morphology is compared with previously described species. This new species represents the second family of caridean shrimp to be reported from the VDVF.Lebbeus virentovasp. nov. is the eighth member of the genus to be described from hydrothermal vents and appears to be the first hippolytid shrimp at a vent field known from outside the Pacific Ocean.