bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction OF Dithane M-45 (MANCOZEB) and Lead Acetate during a teratogenicity test In rats
Authors: Kárpáti Andrea , Takács I. , Várnagy L. , Budai P. , Molnár E.
Published: October 2005

The teratogenic effects of lead acetate (Trial 1) and the possible teratogenic effect of this compound administered in combination with a fungicide containing 80% mancozeb (Trial 2) were studied in rats. The test substances were administered by gavage on Days 6-15 of gestation. In Trial 1, five groups were treated with lead acetate administered at doses of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 10.0 and 1000.0 mg/kg body weight (bwkg), respectively. In Trial 2, lead acetate was applied at doses of 0.1, 10.0 and 1000.0 mg/bwkg, respectively. In the latter case the dose of the pesticide was 750 mg/bwkg in all treated groups. Lead acetate was not teratogenic after a single administration. Combined administration of lead acetate and mancozeb gave rise to the following toxic effects: average maternal weight decreased during pregnancy, the ratio of live fetuses decreased after the two lowest doses, and fetal mortality increased in the lowest and in the highest dose groups. The ratio of fetal resorption was higher in all the treated groups than in the control group. A significant decrease occurred in average fetal and placental weight in each treated group as compared to the control. Maternal toxicity was expressed in paralysis of the hindlimbs in the two lowest dose groups. Maternal mortality was between 16.7 and 23.3% at the three dose levels. Phocomelia and hernia cerebri occurred as characteristic fetal developmental anomalies in all the treated groups. It is concluded that the joint administration of lead acetate and a mancozeb-containing fungicide can cause maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity and characteristic teratogenic effects.
GASTROINTESTINAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF THE DOG: A REVIEW OF 265 CASES (1996-1998)
Authors: Manczur F. , V K.
Published: October 2005

The findings of ultrasonography of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of 265 dogs with GI disorders were analysed retrospectively. The sonographic changes associated with various inflammatory and neoplastic conditions and mechanical obstruction of the GI system were recorded and discussed. Sonographic alterations of the pancreas and the tissues adjacent to the GI tract were also included in the study. Ultrasonographic alterations of the GI tract were classified into three main categories: thickening of the GI wall, changes in peristalsis and dilation of the lumen. Localised thickening of the GI wall with disruption of its structure was caused by both neoplastic diseases and by inflammatory disorders. However, diffuse thickening with retained wall structure was generally associated with inflammatory diseases. The criteria previously established for the ultrasonographic diagnosis of intestinal obstruction were successfully applied to a large number of GI disorders. Pancreatitis was most often associated with hyperechoic mesentery and hypoechoic pancreas mass, but similar alterations were encountered in some cases of gastric or duodenal ulceration. Except in cases of invaginations and intestinal obstructions, the observed ultrasonographic changes were not specific enough for a definitive diagnosis. Nevertheless, ultrasonography proved to be a valuable technique in the diagnostic process of GI disorders of the dog.
Effects of classical swine fever virus infection on the porcine leukocyte subsets
Authors: Schubert H. J. , Soós P. , Depner K. R.
Published: October 2005

The effects of classical swine fever (CSF) virus infection on the porcine leukocyte subsets were investigated by flow cytometry in acute, chronic and convalescent forms of the disease. The virus antigen could be first detected in the monocytes on postinfection (p.i.) day 10 while in the lymphocytes on p.i. day 13. It could be established that the ratio of CD6+ cells decreased until p.i. day 6, but afterwards it started to increase and reached different values. The CD4+CD8+, the CD8+ and the CD6- cells were obviously higher virus positive than the CD4+ and the CD4-CD8-subsets, but essentially all subsets could be infected. The ratio of CD8+ cells increased during the disease, while the number of double positive cells decreased, and that of the CD4+ cells was variable. The viral antigen could be detected in a lower percentage of the CD4+CD8+, CD8+, CD6+ and CD6- cells of the pigs affected with the chronic form of the disease than in those with the acute form. During the experiments no viral antigen could be detected in the leukocytes of the pig that became convalescent, though the changes in its leukocyte subsets were very similar to those seen in pigs in which the viral antigen could be detected. The studies have revealed that essentially all leukocyte subsets can be infected with the CSF virus, but in very different amounts.
CHOLANGIOHEPATITIS IN BROILER CHICKENS IN JAPAN: HISTOPATHOLOGICAL, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SPONTANEOUS DISEASE
Authors: Sasaki J. , Goryo M. , Honda J. , Okoshi N. , Okada K. , Furukawa H.
Published: October 2005

Forty-five broiler arcasses from 6 different flocks were condemned due to liver lesions at processing meat inspection, and collected for pathological and bacterial examination. All affected chickens showed liver enlargement with distrahepatic bile ducts contained yellow inspissated cream-coloured material. Histopathologically, extensive proliferation of bile ductules with fibrosis was observed in interlobular connective tissue, and it spread to form bridges with adjoining triads. Destruction and obstruction of portal bile ducts with multiple granulomas due to bacterial infection and outflow of the bile were frequently observed.Many-Gram-positive bacilli were seen in the lesions, and they were identified asClostridium perfringensby indirect immunofluores en ecstaining technique.Clostridium perfringenswas isolated from affected livers. These findings are consistent with cholangiohepatitis. Therefore, it is suggested thatC. perfringensmight be important in the pathogenesis of cholangiohepatitis in broiler chickens.
Ram seminal plasma and fertility: Results from an ongoing field study
Authors: Amiridis G. S. , Lymberopoulos A. , Varsakeli Sophia , Kouskoura Theodora , Belibasaki Sophia
Published: October 2005

The effects of partial replacement of ram semen diluent with ram seminal plasma on the fertility of ewes were studied. Crossbred Chios ewes (n = 152) were assigned to six groups. The oestrous cycles of the ewes were synchronised at the peak (Groups A, B, C and D) and at the end (Groups E and F) of the breeding season by means of intravaginal sponges impregnated with fluorogestone acetate (FGA) for 14 days. Four hundred IU of PMSG were injected intramuscularly at the time of sponge removal. Ewes of Groups A, C and E were artificially inseminated with ram semen diluted with skim milk extender, while those of Groups B, D and F with ram semen diluted with 50% skim milk and 50% ram seminal plasma. The addition of ram seminal plasma induced a significant increase (P < 0.05) in litter size in Groups B and D when compared with that of Groups A and C (1.85 and 1.88 vs. 1.39 and 1.52, respectively). This increase was not significant when insemination was performed at the end of the breeding season (2.0 vs. 1.4). These results indicate that the addition of seminal plasma can influence the fertility of ewes or the fertilising capacity of extended ram semen to some extent.
Arthroscopic autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty for the treatment of subchondral cystic lesion in the medial femoral condyle in a horse
Authors: Girtler D. , Bodó G. , Hangody L. , Szabó Zsuzsa , Peham Ch. , Schinzel Monika , Sótonyi P.
Published: October 2005

An 11-year-old, Hungarian half-bred stallion was presented with a history of mixed left hindlimb lameness of 6 months duration. Subchondral bone cyst of the medial femoral condyle and injury of the medial meniscus were diagnosed. Osteochondral autograft transplantation (mosaic arthroplasty) was performed, taking grafts from the less weight-bearing medial border of the medial femoral trochlea of the affected limb, and transplanting them into the cyst during arthroscopy. The lameness was evaluated prior to and one year after the operation with a motion analysis system during treadmill exercise. Considerable improvement of the lameness and the clinical signs as well as successful transplantation of the grafts, and a new hard joint cartilage surface of the medial femoral condyle could be detected during follow-up arthroscopy. Osteochondral autograft transplantation seems to bee a possible alternative for treating subchondral cystic lesions of the medial femoral condyle in horses. A new technique for the surgical treatment of a subchondral cystic lesion of the medial femoral condyle in the horse is described.
StudIES oN the Toxic Interaction between Monensin and Tiamulin in Rats: EFFECTS ON P450 ACTIVITIES
Authors: Szűcs G. , Laczay P. , Bajnógel Judit , Móra Zsuzsa
Published: October 2005

Studies were carried out to investigate the effects of monensin and tiamulin, and the simultaneous administration of both compounds on microsomal enzymes in rats. In Phase I of the experiments the effects of monensin and tiamulin were studied separately (monensin 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg or tiamulin 40, 120, and 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively), while in Phase II the two compounds were administered simultaneously (monensin 10 mg/kg and tiamulin 40 mg/kg b.w., respectively). When monensin was administered by itself, it exerted no significant effect on microsomal liver enzymes. In a few cases, slight inhibition of certain enzyme activities was seen. Tiamulin provoked a dose-dependent hepatic enzyme induction. The combined administration of monensin and tiamulin at low doses (10 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) resulted in marked elevation of P450-related enzyme activities. The enzyme induction was more pronounced in females than in males. The results suggest that the simultaneous administration of tiamulin may influence the biotransformation of monensin, possibly increasing the amount of reactive metabolite(s) of the ionophore antibiotic.
Ultrasonographic deteCTION of abdominal abScess in two guinea pigs
Authors: Zorn Suzanne , Molnár V. , Bíró F. , Beregi A.
Published: October 2005

Two guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) with clinical signs of anorexia, weight loss, depression and abdominal enlargement were examined. During ultrasound examination, a fluid-filled anechogenic structure 3–4 cm in diameter, with echogenic spots and a highly echogenic thick wall, was found in the pelvic region in one case and connected to the liver in the other case. An abscess or a cyst was suspected and surgical treatment including laparotomy was performed. By histopathological examination performed after surgery, a liver abscess was diagnosed in one guinea pig and an abscess in the pelvic region in the other animal.
DISEASE CAUSED BY MYCOPLASMA MYCOIDES SUBSPECIES MYCOIDES LC IN HUNGARIAN GOAT HERDS
Authors: Bajmócy E. , Turcsányi Ibolya , Bölske G. , Bacsadi Á. , Kiss I.
Published: October 2005

The occurrence of a goat disease caused byMycoplasma mycoidessubsp.mycoidesLC in Hungary is reported. The disease occurred in two goat herds in the spring of 1999. In one herd 25% of the 4–12 weeks old kids (10 animals) while in the other herd 33% of the 6–12 weeks old kids (20 animals) became affected. The goat kids developed polyarthritis. The most severe lesions developed in the carpal joints. All animals died after 3–8 days of disease. Four dead kids were necropsied. All of them had serofibrinous and purulent polyarthritis, and in two animals bronchopneumonia, fibrinous pleuritis and meningitis were also found. In the articular exudates the presence of mycoplasmas was detected by PCR using a general mycoplasma primer. Mycoplasmas were cultured from the joints of all animals, from the abdominal parenchymal organs of two kids and from the lungs of one animal. The cultured mycoplasmas grew in strikingly large colonies, proved to be glucose positive, arginine negative and phosphatase positive, and liquefied the coagulated serum. They survived incubation at 45 °C for more than 24 h. Based upon their biochemical properties, the results of the immunofluorescence (IF) and growth inhibition tests and the sequence analysis of the PCR product, the cultured strains were identified asM. mycoidessubsp.mycoidesLC. Animals purchased in the previous autumn had been introduced to both farms. The disease may have been introduced with asymptomatic carrier animals, as earlier no similar disease had been observed at either farm.
HEPATIC BIOTRANSFORMATION PROFILES OF SULPHAMONOMETHOXINE IN FOOD-PRODUCING ANIMALS AND RATS IN VITRO
Authors: Furusawa N.
Published: October 2005

Hydroxylation and acetylation of sulphamonomethoxine (SMM) and deacetylation of N4-acetyl SMM (N4-AcSMM) were estimated in liver post-mitochondrial supernatants (S-9) from laying hens, female cattle, swine and rats. The formation of hydroxylated SMM, 2,6-dihydroxy SMM (2,6-diOH-SMM), was found only with hen S-9s. N4-acetylation rate of SMM was the highest in pig S-9s, followed by rat, then hen or cow S-9s. All S-9s from the four species deacetylated N4-AcSMM. In hen S-9s, the rate of 2,6-dihydroxylation was higher during incubation at 41 °C than at 37 °C.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT METHODS FOR DOG SEMEN CRYOPRESERVATION AND TESTING UNDER CLINICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Szász F. , Gábor G. , Solti László
Published: October 2005

The extenders and freezing rates from three different freezing protocols were combined and compared to each other in order to study the post-thawing acrosome integrity and fertility of frozen dog sperm. A commercial bovine TRIS-base extender (TRILADYL) and two self-made canine semen extenders (Norwegian and Dutch) were combined with a conventional bovine and two canine freezing regimes, and acrosome integrity of frozen/thawed spermatozoa was assessed by fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated peanut agglutinin staining (FITC-PNA). Differences between freezing/thawing protocols were reflected in the proportion of cells with acrosomal damage and not based on motility results. It was concluded that during dog semen cryopreservation extenders had less influence on the post-thawing sperm quality than did the freezing rates. The optimal extender/freezing rate combination (TRILADYL/Norwegian) was used in the clinical practice to evaluate the fertility of frozen sperm administered by intrauterine insemination using a surgical approach. The pregnancy rate was 57% (4/7), but the average litter size was low (2.8). This may have been due to the insufficient sperm numbers contained in an insemination dose and/or to the incorrect timing of artificial insemination (AI). The final conclusion is that the commercial bovine extender is useful for freezing dog semen, and the TRILADYL/Norwegian freezing protocol is recommended as the most advantageous combination for the freezing of canine semen in the clinical practice.
Measurement of belly composition variability in pigs by in vivo computed tomographic scanning.
Authors: Romvári R. , Szabó A. , Kárpáti J. , Kovach G. , Bázár G. , Horn P.
Published: October 2005

The belly region composition of a representative commercial pig sample of 130 castrates was examined by in vivo spiral computed tomographic (CT) scanning. The lean meat percentage, the muscle/fat tissue ratio within the total body and separately within the bacon part were estimated by image analysis. The lean meat content of the total body was determined by the EU reference method. A correlation of r = 0.97 was found between lean meat content of the total body determined by CT estimation and the slaughtering results. The pigs were divided into seven groups on the basis of their lean meat content. The muscle percentage of the bacon part was 26% and 67%, respectively, in the two groups representing the two extremes of lean meat percentage (36% and 67%, respectively). The total volume of the bacon part was relatively constant (8.6 ± 1 dm3) in the groups representing different lean meat categories. At the same time, the fat tissue volume of the bacon part was considerably higher while its muscle tissue volume was markedly lower in the group of the lowest than in that of the highest lean meat content (6.6 vs. 2.5 dm3 and 2.4 vs. 5.5 dm3, respectively). To describe changes in the tissue composition of the bacon part during fattening, 10 castrates were scanned repeatedly at 70, 90 and 110 kg of liveweight. A linear regression model was developed to characterise the continuous decrease observed in the muscle/fat ratio within the bacon part due to increasing liveweight.
Oesophageal tonsil of the chicken
Authors: Nagy N. , Igyártó B. , Magyar A. , Gazdag Emese , Palya V. , Oláh I.
Published: October 2005

The oesophageal tonsil of the chicken is a novel member of the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), which is located around the entrance of the proventriculus. It consists of 6 to 8 single units, which are surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule. Each one is organised around the bottom of the longitudinal folds of the oesophagus, and serves as a 'tonsillar crypt'. Stratified squamous epithelium is infiltrated by lymphoid cells, i.e. T cells, plasma cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, but not B cells, to form lymphoepithelium (LE). In the LE vimentin-, MHC II- and ATPase-positive cells possibly represent Langerhans' cells, but the appearance of 74.3 positive cells in the LE is unusual, because the 74.3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognises chicken follicular dendritic cells in the germinal centre and medulla of the bursal follicles. The subepithelial lymphoid tissue is organised into T- and B-dependent regions, which are the interfollicular areas and the germinal centres, respectively. Existence of high-endothelial venules in the interfollicular region suggests an extensive cellular connection between the oesophageal tonsil and the other lymphoid organs. In the resting oesophagus the lumen is closed, but during swallowing a bolus the crypt opens and the lymphoepithelium can be exposed to undigested food, antigens, infectious agents and vaccines. The location of the oesophageal tonsil, cranial to the stomach, may provide this organ with a unique role as compared to the other parts of the MALT; namely, it may contribute to the replication of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and/or the pathogenesis of infectious bursal disease.
Ultrastructural observations on the surface of Thelazia lacrymalis (Nematoda: Spirurida, Thelaziidae)
Authors: Naem Soraya
Published: October 2005

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the surface ultrastructure of femaleThelazia lacrymalisobtained from naturally infected cattle. At the anterior end, the buccal capsule was cup shaped. The mouth was without lips and was surrounded by four cephalic papillae and two amphids. There were two lateral cervical papillae. Also, a single small papilla was seen on the ventral side, close to the vulvar opening. The vulva was located posterior to the end of the oesophagus and the tail carried an anal pore and a pair of phasmids near the tip. The cuticle was transversally annulated with fine striations.
Haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese: Pathomorphological investigations and proposed pathogenesis
Authors: Dobos-Kovács M. , Horváth E. , Farsang A. , Nagy Edith , Kovács Andrea , Szalai F. , Bernáth S.
Published: October 2005

Haemorrhagic nephritis and enteritis of geese as a new disease was first described in Hungary in 1969. The authors identified the causative agent of the outbreaks occurring in 1969 as a polyomavirus by PCR in 2001. In order to study the pathogenesis of the virus, one-day-old goslings were infected with tissue homogenate that tested positive for polyomavirus by PCR. Morphological, light and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examinations have revealed that goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus replicates in the endothelial cells of the blood vessels and capillaries of diseased birds. Infection causes damage and necrosis of the endothelial cells. The virus was not observed in the parenchymal cells. Oedema and haemorrhages found throughout the body may be due to the dysfunction or functional deficiency of endothelial cells damaged by the virus.
Osteoclast-like giant cell tumour arising from the kidney in a dog
Authors: Haziroglu R. , Kul O. , Tunca R. , Guvenc T.
Published: October 2005

In this study, a case of osteoclast-like giant cell tumour arising from the kidney is reported in an eight-year-old female Anatolian Shepherd dog. Macroscopically, the tumorous mass covered the hilus of the left kidney. It was 26×22×12 cm in size and 3700 g in weight. Metastatic tumorous nodules, 0.5-2.0 cm in diameter, were found on the abdominal side of the diaphragm and in the lungs. Microscopically, numerous large osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells and spindle-spheroidal-shaped cells were seen. Osteoblastic differentiation and osteoid matrix were noted in a few areas at the periphery of the tumour, near the connective tissue septa. The stroma of the tumour tissue was vascular, oedematous and loose. By immunoperoxidase staining, tumour cells showed immunoreactivity for vimentin but not for keratin and desmin, indicating that the tumour had mesenchymal origin. This is the first report in the literature on a malignant osteoclast-like giant cell tumour arising from a visceral organ in animals.
Comparison of selective media for the isolation of Rhodococcus equi and description of a new selective plating medium
Authors: Makrai L. , Fodor L. , Vendég I. , Szigeti G. , Dénes B. , Reiczigel J. , Varga J.
Published: October 2005

In order to improve the isolation rate ofRhodococcus equifrom animals and soil, the efficacy of four previously described selective media (CAZ-NB, M3T, NANAT and TINSDALE) and that of four other media (NC, PNP, TCP and TVP) composed by us was compared and evaluated.Two selective plating media proved to be the best for the isolation ofR. equifrom contaminated samples. One of them was CAZ-NB containing ceftazidime, novobiocin and cycloheximide, while the other was the newly composed TCP containing trimethoprim, cefoperazone, polymyxin B, cycloheximide and potassium tellurite as selective components. These two media allowed the growth of at least 62-72% ofR. equipresent in the artificially contaminated samples, and the inhibition of unwanted contaminant bacteria and fungi was satisfactory with both media. TCP medium proved to be superior to CAZ-NB since the colony morphology ofR. equiwas much more characteristic (shiny, smooth, black colonies 3-5 mm in diameter) on it, and it inhibited the unwanted contaminant bacterial and fungal flora more effectively, especially in the case of faecal and soil samples. Therefore, TCP is recommended as a new, highly selective plating medium for the isolation ofR. equifrom contaminated samples.
Association of growth performance with atrophic rhinitis and pneumonia detected at slaughter in a conventional pig herd in Hungary
Authors: Donkó T. , Kovács Melinda , Magyar T.
Published: October 2005

The influence of atrophic rhinitis (AR) and pneumonia on growth performance was assessed in a conventional farrow-to-finish pig farm affected by both diseases. All tested pigs (n = 138) were individually weighed at birth, at weaning, at moving to the growing/finishing unit, and at slaughtering. The extent (grade) of turbinate atrophy and lung consolidation attributable to pneumonia was determined in each pig at slaughter. A negative correlation was found between birth weight and the prevalence of nasal lesions at slaughter, suggesting that pigs born with smaller weight may be more susceptible to AR. The growth performance of the pigs also showed a negative correlation with the degree of turbinate atrophy. In the nursery period, the average daily gain (ADG) of pigs with moderate/severe turbinate atrophy was 13.3% lower than that of animals with healthy snouts. In the finishing period, pigs with mild AR lesions had an ADG reduction of 6.2%, while pigs with severe AR lesions had a significant, 9.4% reduction in ADG as compared to the AR-free pigs. The extent of weight gain reduction over the whole life cycle was very similar (approximately 6%) in the pigs having either AR or pneumonia alone. In those pigs where both respiratory diseases were present, their effects seemed to be added up (11.5%); however, nasal lesion scores and percentage of lung consolidation did not show statistically apparent interactive effects on growth performance.
Binding of mycoplasmas to solid phase adsorbents
Authors: Szathmáry Susan , Rajapakse Nandani , Székely Ibolya , Pitlik E. , Bíró Judit , Erdei Noémi , Stipkovits L.
Published: October 2005

The capture of mycoplasmas(M. hominis, M. buccale, M. fermentans, M. bovis, M. synoviae, M. gallisepticumandM. arthritidis)based on lipid structures and adhesion molecules present in the mycoplasmal membrane was tested using different chromatographic resins (ActiClean Etox, ClarEtox, Heparin-Actigel, Sulfated Hiflow and SulfEtox). All of the resins efficiently reduced mycoplasma concentrations in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) and in Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) by 3-8 logs in a few minutes. This technology could be used for removing mycoplasmas from tissue culture components such as serum, and for concentrating mycoplasmas in vaccine production.
Protective effect of L-carnitine against oxidative damage caused by experimental chronic aflatoxicosis in quail (Coturnix coturnix)
Authors: Citil M. , Gunes V. , Atakisi O. , Ozcan Ayla , Tuzcu M. , Dogan A.
Published: October 2005

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and whole blood reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations in experimentally-induced chronic aflatoxicosis in quails. For this purpose, a total of 80 quails up to 8 weeks old were divided into four equal groups. Group I served as control, Group II was given L-carnitine at the dose of 200 mg/litre in the drinking water for 60 days, Group III was given 60 µg total aflatoxin/kg diet for 60 days, and Group IV was given both 60 µg total aflatoxin/kg diet and 200 mg L-carnitine/litre in the drinking water for 60 days. Aflatoxin treatment caused a significant increase in plasma MDA and a significant decrease in blood GSH concentrations. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in plasma MDA and a significant increase in whole blood GSH in the L-carnitine-supplemented group. The present study demonstrated that L-carnitine brought about the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by enhancing antioxidant capacity in quails with chronic aflatoxicosis.
Effect of pentoxifylline on endotoxin-induced haemostatic disturbances in rabbits
Authors: Cöl R. , Keskin E. , Atalay B.
Published: October 2005

Pentoxifylline (PTX, a methylxanthine derivative) has been found to interrupt early gene activation for tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tissue factor production and to improve survival from experimental sepsis. During endotoxaemia, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) and proinflammatory cytokines trigger the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) via the tissue factor-dependent pathway of coagulation. The present study was undertaken to determine whether pentoxifylline could prevent coagulation disturbances in LPS-treated rabbits. Endotoxaemia was induced withE. colilipopolysaccharide in New Zealand White rabbits. Forty rabbits were used and divided into four equal groups. Group 1 served as a control group; Group 2: lipopolysaccharide was injected intravenously, Group 3: pentoxifylline was injected intraperitoneally, Group 4: lipopolysaccharide and pentoxifylline were injected simultaneously. Blood samples were collected 6 h after the treatments. In rabbits with endotoxin-induced DIC, platelet count, leukocyte count, percentage of differential leukocyte values, fibrinogen level, antithrombin III (AT-III) and protein C (PC) activity were decreased. Moreover, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were prolonged when compared to the control group. In conclusion, haemostatic disturbances associated with endotoxin-induced DIC were moderately suppressed by the administration of PTX.
Morphological evaluation of canine platelets on Giemsa- and PAS-stained blood smears
Authors: Halmay Dóra , Sótonyi P. , Vajdovich P. , Gaál T.
Published: October 2005

The morphology of canine platelets (changes in size, shape, staining characteristics, degree of activation and clump formation, distribution of granules, appearance of vacuoles onGiemsa-stained smears) was investigated in 20 healthy control and 181 diseased dogs. In the group of the sick dogs 84 animals suffered from disorders affecting directly the haematological parameters or the haematopoietic organs such as bleeding, thymic haemorrhage, haemolytic disorders, lymphoma, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, and other 97 dogs were affected by other diseases (hepatopathy, nephropathy, hepatic, splenic or intestinal neoplasm, skin diseases, diabetes mellitus, Cushing'ssyndrome, sepsis). The alterations found in platelet morphology were not specific for any disorder. The most common platelet abnormalities were polychromasia and the presence of giant platelets. These changes occurred in a high number in disorders accompanied by bleeding or haemolysis. Anisocytosis was the most frequent finding in hepatic, splenic or intestinal neoplasms and in certain endocrinopathies. Microcytosis was observed in immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, hepatic neoplasms and endocrine disorders. Extreme platelet activation was common in haemolysis, hepatopathies, neoplastic diseases and sepsis. Vacuolisation was present in thymic haemorrhage, pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus and Cushing's syndrome. A new morphologic phenomenon, i.e. a ring-like formation of granules, was described in the cytoplasm of the platelets both in healthy and diseased animals. In addition, two forms of pathologic granulation were also described for the first time in Giemsa-stained blood smears: the pseudonuclear and the spot-like formation of granules, which were observed especially in disorders affecting the blood cells. The granulation and morphological characteristics of platelets on smears stained by periodic acid-Schiff reaction (PAS) were also studied. Three localisations of granulation were observed, such as peripheral, eccentric and diffuse. The ratio of PAS-positive and -negative platelets was evaluated in several diseases. Our findings support the diagnostic value of platelet evaluation by light microscopy and help clinicians/clinical pathologists to understand why morphologic changes of thrombocytes might be expected in several diseases.
Keretszerkezetek rúdkeresztmetszeteinek közelítő felvétele
Authors: Kollár Lajos
Published: October 2005

A tartószerkezetek tervezésének egyik lényeges lépése a rúdkeresztmetszetek mé- reteinek felvétele. Ez nem szokott problémát okozni a két- vagy többtámaszú tar- tók esetében, de a keretszerkezetek igénybevételeit általában kénytelenek vagyunk önkényesen felvett rúdkeresztmetszetekkel, számítógéppel & esetleg többször is & kiszámítani ahhoz, hogy meghatározhassuk a rudak keresztmetszeti méreteit. Csak ily módon kaphatunk választ arra a kérdésre is, hogy egyáltalán lehet-e keretet ter- vezni, vagy merevítőfalak (is) szükségesek az állékonyság biztosítására. A következőkben először igyekszünk röviden és szemléletesen bemutatni a ke- retszerkezetek erőjátékát, majd egy közelítő módszert javaslunk az igénybevételek (és ezzel együtt a rúdkeresztmetszetek) gyors meghatározására.
Többszabadságfokú, nem rugalmas anyagú rendszerek dinamikai stabilitási állapota (rázóasztal kísérletek)
Authors: Dulácska Endre
Published: October 2005

A földrengés elleni méretezésnél a képlékeny elmozdulás (duktilitás) kedvezőnek vélt hatását világszerte figyelembe veszik oly módon, hogy a µ =Du / De duktilitási tényezővel elosztják a rugalmas rendszerre működő, a földrengést helyettesítő ho- rizontális erőt. A duktilitási tényező kifejezésében Du a képlékeny, és De a rugal- mas alakváltozás határa. A figyelembe, ill. számításba vett duktilitási tényező 2&12 között változik, az USA-ban például vasbetonszerkezetekre 8 értékű. Ennek az eredménye, hogy az épületeket alacsony teherszinten rugalmas állapotban vizs- gálják, így a mozgások kicsik, és emiatt a függőleges teher horizontális elmozdu- lást növelő kedvezőtlen hatását vagy elhanyagolják, vagy csak közelítően (lineáris hatásként) veszik figyelembe. Valójában a képlékenység és a kihajlás nem lineáris jelenség, és nem szabad őket szuperponálni. Az elméleti vizsgálatok szerint ez sú- lyos hiba a biztonság kárára. E szokásos eljárásnak az a következménye, hogy az egész világon nagyszámú, földrengésre méretezett épület megy tönkre, vagy omlik össze, emberek tízezreit temetve maguk alá.
Egy egyszerű viszkoelasztikus modell elemzése
Authors: Gáspár Zsolt , Nemeth Róbert
Published: October 2005

Ha egy viszkoelasztikus szerkezetet állandó teherrel megterhelünk, akkor általá- ban a terhelés pillanatában létrejön egy rugalmas alakváltozás, majd változatlan te- her esetén is további deformáció alakul ki. Itt, és a továbbiakban, feltételezzük, hogy a terhelés kvázistatikus, vagyis olyan lassan jut a teher a szerkezetre, hogy a létrejövő elmozdulások sebessége, gyorsulása figyelmen kívül hagyható. Ugyan- akkor azt is feltételezzük, hogy a terhelés folyamata elég gyors ahhoz (vagy a visz- kozitási anyagjellemzők olyanok), hogy az azalatt létrejövő viszkózus alakváltozások elhanyagolhatók a létrejövő rugalmas alakváltozások mellett.
Séta egy sátor körül
Authors: Galaskó Gyula
Published: October 2005

A címben szereplő séta csak képletes, mert a következő cikk egy 1998-ban létesí- tett sátor kapcsán két kérdést jár körül: a kezdeti alak meghatározását különféle módszerekkel és a felállítás során tapasztalt váratlan jelenség magyarázatát.
Westwerk, nyugati kórus, nyugati karzat (Dr. Entz Géza professzor gondolatmenetét folytatva...)
Authors: Guzsik Tamás
Published: October 2005

Az építészettörténeti vizsgálatok során bizonyos témák időnként fölbukkannak, a közlést követően az eredményeket mindenki tudomásul veszi, néha évtizedekre el- tűnnek az érdeklődés homlokteréből, hogy aztán újból, esetleg új megközelítésben ismét rájuk terelődjön a figyelem. A jelek szerint ilyen, ciklikusan visszatérő kér- dés a keresztény templomok nyugati terének vizsgálata. Mindenek előtt kötelessé- gemnek tartom fölidézni, hogy ebben a témában a magyar szakirodalomban elő- ször Entz Géza professzor közölt összefoglaló és elemző munkát még 1959-ben. 1 Húsz évvel később ugyanő visszatért a kérdésre, 2 korábbi gondolatmenetét kiegé- szítve A. Tomasewsky 1974-ben publikált közép-európai tipológiai tapasztalatai- val. 3 Entz Géza munkáinak megállapításait jelen tanulmány szerzője teljes egé- szében elfogadja és magáévá teszi. A téma kutatásának gyarló és méltatlan folyta- tójaként & immár ismét két évtized elteltével & továbbfejlesztésként a vizsgálatot kiterjesztettem a Westwerk, a nyugati kórus (szentély), a nyugati karzat és nyugati előcsarnok összefüggéseire, időben és térben tágabb előképeire, valamint a külön- böző liturgikus cselekményekben betöltött szerepére.
Patrick Geddes és az organikus szemlélet
Authors: Keserű Katalin
Published: October 2005

Mikor a természet élő rendjével való integráció, a világ egységben való látásának és megértésének romantikus törekvése újra kivirágzott, a 19&20. század fordulóján élt Skóciában Patrick Geddes biológus és várostervező. Tevékenységének meg- idézése a mostani század-, ill. ezredfordulón nemcsak azért aktuális, mert a 20. század kísérletei, a metropoliszokra koncentrált szellemi és tőkebefektetései során az ő gondolatai feledésbe merültek és a befektetésekről mára kiderült: nem időtál- lóak, ill. társadalmi falanszterhez vezetnek, hanem mert korunkban a Geddest is jellemző organikus szemlélet iránt egyre nagyobb a tudományos érdeklődés. Em- líthetem Carolina van Eck Organicism in the 19th Century Architecture című könyvét (1994), Portoghesi legújabban megjelent munkáját az organikus építé- szetről (Skira) és az ösztöndíjas tanulmányokat Magyarországon is végzett kana- dai Olivér Botár 680 oldalas tudománytörténeti és elméleti áttekintését a bioro- mantikáról, mely Prolegomena to the Study of Biomorphic Modernism: Bio- centrism, László Moholy-Nagy's —New VisionlN and Ernő Kállai's Bioromantik címmel doktori disszertációnak készült a Torontói Egyetemen (1998).
A környezetesztétika jeltudományi alapjai
Authors: Budai Aurél
Published: October 2005

A jeltudomány, a szemiotika az utóbbi évtizedekben vált ismertté, sőt oly mérték- ben, hogy az e tudomány által kialakított fogalmak szinte közhasználatúakká vál- tak, és úton-útfélen találkozhatunk velük, gyakran eredeti, de igen sokszor félreér- tett formájukban is. Úgy tekinthetjük, hogy a szemiotika magának az információ- elméletnek az elmélete, és nem is annyira az informatika mai gyakorlatához, a szá- mítógépek világához kapcsolódik, hanem inkább a nyelvtudományokhoz, szoci- ográfiához, illetve a filozófiához. A szemiotika központi kategóriája a kommuni- káció, melynek során az egyik szubjektum (közlő, adó, angolul —senderlu, nyelvta- nilag az első személy) üzenetet (információt) küld a másik szubjektumnak (cím- zett, befogadó, —receiverln, nyelvtanilag a második személy) egy meghatározott csatorna útján. A kommunikáció úgy bonyolódik le, hogy a közlő személy üzene- tét érzékelhető formák rendszerébe kódolja, a befogadó pedig miután érzékelte a formákat, azokból dekódolva fogadja be a közölt információt. Mindehhez feltétle- nül szükséges, hogy mind a közlő, mind a befogadó ismerje az adott csatornának megfelelő kód nyelvét, de legalább valamilyen módon előzetesen össze legyenek beszélve. A kommunikáció eszközei a jelek, amelyeknek érzékelhető (látható, hallható) formáiban a kódolt üzenet jelentésként manifesztálódik. A jel tehát min- dig két részből áll: az érzékelhető jelformából és a benne megbúvó kódolt jeltarta- lomból (jelentésből).
Alkotás és műalkotás az épített környezet világában alkotáselméleti tézisek
Authors: Vámossy Ferenc
Published: October 2005

A kézirat előzményeit képező több éves értékelméleti és építészetkritikai kutatás- hoz 1978-ban kezdtem. Ezek nyomán 1983-ban készült —Az építészeti kritika és értékelés elméleti problémáilr című kandidátusi értekezésem, amiből csak a beve- zető hazai kritikatörténeti rész jelent meg nyomtatásban. Az épített környezet és a társadalom kölcsönhatásaival foglalkozó, 1986-ban indult hároméves társadalom- tudományi kutatási programban a címben jelzett témával tovább foglalkoztam. A kutatást összegező sokszorosított kiadványban azonban a gondolatsornak csak mintegy harmadát publikálhattam (Az építészet hatékonyabb érvényesítésének problémái a társadalmi alkotófolyamatokban. Az OKKFT Ts-2/2 Programiroda 7. sz. kiadványa, 1989). A jelen kézirat az ott & 13&28. és 33&69. oldalon & közölt szöveg eredeti és teljes formája. 1990 után a kutatásra és összegezésre vonatkozó terveimet (azonos szemléletmódot képviselő építészeti Alkotáselmélet, Befoga- dáselmélet, Értékelmélet kidolgozása és kiadása) egyetemi és más adminisztratív feladatok miatt félre kellett tennem, 1991 nyarán azonban még megkíséreltem egy rész összegezését. Ennek során számoztam le a bekezdéseket, tézisszerűvé formál- va a szöveget, reagálások kiváltása érdekében. Az akkor lezárhatónak remélt be- vezető gondolatsort tartalmazza e kéziratrész, amely az 1992-ben írott itt követke- ző előszóval együtt máig fiókban hevert, néhány gondolat azonban talán ma is ak- tuális.
Allocentrikus és egocentrikus téri referenciakeretek kapcsolata a szorongásos élményekről adott önbeszámolókkal
Authors: Kállai János , Révész György , Hartman Mónika , Karádi Kázmér , Kóczán György
Published: October 2005

Véleményünk szerint a különböző szorongásos tünetek jelentős része a környezet neuronális és kognitív reprezentációja során megjelenő zavarokra vezethető vissza. E zavarok térről való élmény és tudás reprezentációjában mutatkozó hibás beállítódásokban is tetten érhetők. A bemutatandó tanulmány a Tárgy Mentális Rotációs Teszt (TMRT), valamint a Kéz Mentális Rotációs Teszt (KMRT) segítségével, a szorongás azon összetevőit tárja fel, melyek összefüggést mutatnak a téri szignálok kezelésének zavaraival. A két teszt hasonló mentális rotációs, döntési és perceptuális folyamatokat igényel. A különbség közöttük a rotáció menetében megalkotott referencia keretek használatában van. Az TMRT esetében allocentrikus, KMRT esetében egocentrikus referencia keret működik aktívabban. A vizsgálatban 38 különböző szorongás értékekkel rendelkező személy vett részt. Eredményeink szerint, az allo cent ri kus és egocentrikus referencia használathoz különböző típusú szimptómák kapcsolódnak. Az allo centri kus referencia domináns használatához a „Mit csinálok a környezetemben?”, míg az egocentrikus referenciákkal dolgozó személyeknél az „Én milyen vagyok, hogyan értékelem magam?” típusú kérdés csoportokban azonosíthatók a szorongásos szimptómák. A mentális reprezentáció biológiai bázisát is be mutató interpretációink jelzik, hogy különböző típusú szorongáshoz különböző típusú téri referenciakeret és a hátterében álló különböző téri reprezentáció áll.Several symptoms encountered in psychological practice, such as anxiety, phobias, depression; they appear to involve abnormalities of the brain’s representation of the outside world. These phenomena undoubtedly include some underlying disturbances of the basic machinery of spatial perception, cognition, and knowledge representation. The aim of the research reported in this paper is to seek anxiety components which may play a role in spatial cognitive functions under different types of dynamic imagery task. The object mental rotation test (MRT) and the hand mental rotation test (HMRT) is frequently used to test the dynamic spatial imagery. The completion of the MRT supported by dominantly allocentric reference frame in contrast the HMRT supported by egocentric references. Studying of anxiety components of allocentric MRT and egocentric HMRT together, the analysis of the items of the anxiety and fear questionnaires show that MRT is connected with those items that give answer to „What does the person do?” question in an allocentric social surrounding. In contrast, at HMRT there are dominantly egocentric questions that show connections with the „What I am like?” type question. Our results demonstrate that different forms of anxiety are connected with preferency of special spatial representation type. We can say, there are a biological based allocentric and egocentric spatial reference balances, which determine the symptoms and cognitive contents of the different kinds of anxiety.
A magyar személyiségleíró melléknevek szociális kívánatossága
Authors: Szirmák Zsófia
Published: October 2005

A magyar személyiségszókincs taxonómiai vizsgálatához kapcsolódóan (Szirmák, De Raad, 1994) 620, a magyar személyiségtaxonómia alapját alkotó személyiségleíró melléknevek szociális kívánatosságát, azaz szociális tetszésigény szintjét vizsgáltam. A tanulmány a személyiségleíró melléknevek szociális kívánatosságának középértékét, szórását, z értékét, valamint gyakorisági eloszlását mutatja be tíz ítész hétfokú skálán végzett osztályzatai alapján. A dolgozat emellett a személyiségleíró melléknevek szociális kívánatosságának kutatási irányzatait ismerteti, valamint betekintést enged az angol, német és holland nyelvű taxonómiai kutatáshoz kapcsolódó szociáliskívánatosság-vizsgálatok eredményeibe.In the present study the social desirability is investigated of 620 personality descriptive adjectives from Hungarian personality taxonomy (Szirmák, De Raad, 1994). Ten judges rated the social desirability of the personality relevant descriptors on a seven point scale. The average score, standard deviation, Z score and the frequency distribution of the social desirability of the personality relevant adjectives are presented in detail. The study provides a short overview of the previous social desirability studies with special focus on the taxonomy oriented English, Dutch and German social desirability research.
Etikai dilemmák gyerekpszichológus hallgatók szemével
Authors: Gerő Zsuzsa
Published: October 2005

A szerző előadása az Intézmények és a nevelés című konferencián hangzott el, melyet a Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle, a Magyar Pszichológiai Társaság Dél-Magyarországi és Gyermek-klinikus szekciója közösen szervezett Szegeden, 1999 áprilisában. Az előadás a szerző etikaoktatási tapasztalatait összegzi. Kiemeli, hogy a gyerekekkel foglalkozva sajátos egyensúlyt kell teremteni a titoktartás és a családdinamikai szempontok között.The paper summarizes the author’s experience of teaching ethics to psychology students. The issues of discretion and family dynamics are especially emphasized concerning work with children.
Család és/vagy karrier: Fiatal női életutak szociális konstrukciós megközelítésben
Authors: Kende Anna
Published: October 2005

A tanulmány mélyinterjús technikával készült empirikus kutatásról számol be, amely húsz fiatal értelmiségi nő életútján keresztül igyekszik elemezni a nemekkel és nőiséggel kapcsolatos társadalmi elvárásokat és személyes tapasztalatokat. A kutatás hátteréül szolgáló szociális konstrukciós elmélet lehetővé teszi, hogy a biológiai különbségek tárgyalásán túllépve, a nőiség fogalmát a testbe, társadalomba és személyes élményekbe ágyazottan értelmezzük. Az interjúk tartalomelemzése során kiderül, hogy a női szerepekkel kapcsolatos ellentmondásos elvárások közül a csoport tagjainak egy része az egalitáriánus, míg mások a konzervatív szemlélettel azonosulnak, illetve megismerjük, hogy a kiválasztott értékrend harmonikusan vagy konfliktusosan épül-e be az életútba. Az így keletkezett négy csoport jellemzése annak megértéséhez igyekszik hozzájárulni, hogy jelen társadalmi változások milyen hatást gyakorolnak a személyes életutakra a nemi szerepek terén.The article summarizes the results of an empirical study conducted using the method of indepth interviews. Social expectations, as well as personal experiences of gender and femininity are analysed based on the life-routes of twenty young women. Social constructionist theories, providing the theoretical background of the study, enable us to understand the concept of femininity beyond biological differences, as it is embedded in the body, society, and personal experiences. From the content analysis of the interviews we see that part of the group identifies with an egalitarian viewpoint, while others identify with a conservative one in the context of the contradictory social expectations toward gender roles. Furthermore, we can perceive whether the chosen value system in incorporated in a harmonious or conflituous way into the life-route. The characterisation of the four groups that were gained as a result of the categorisation contributes to the understanding of the effects of societal changes on personal lives in the area of gender roles.
A pszichológiaoktatás sajátosságai az Arizonai Állami Egyetem Pszichológia Tanszékén
Authors: Kállai János
Published: October 2005

A szerző bemutatja, hogy Arizonában a pszichológusképzés a kutatólaboratóriumokra épül, s amellett érvel, hogy a pszichológusoknak a társszakmákban is végzettséget kell szerezniük - ugyanakkor hiányolja az amerikai képzésből a pszichodinamikus szemléletet.In Arizona, education in psychology is based on research labs. The author argues for second degrees is related fields. He points out the lack of psychodynamic point in American training.