bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparação de diferentes comprimentos de onda do laser de baixa potência no sóleo de ratos Wistar após lesão nervosa
Authors: Pelissari Daniele , Ribeiro Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko , Machado Luiz Gustavo Vasconcelos , Neves Morgana , Costa Rose Meire , Bertolini Gladson Ricardo Flor
Published: August 2020

RESUMO Os músculos esqueléticos podem ser afetados por lesões do sistema nervoso periférico, levando a fraqueza e atrofia muscular. Na tentativa de recuperar a funcionalidade dos músculos, existem vários recursos terapêuticos utilizados, dentre os quais o laser de baixa potência (LBP). Este estudo comparou o efeito do LBP em dois comprimentos de onda (660 nm e 830 nm), em características morfológicas do tecido muscular após axonotmese de nervos isquiáticos de ratos Wistar. Para tanto, foram utilizados 32 ratos Wistar, divididos em quatro grupos, sendo G1 (controle), G2 (lesão), G3 (lesão e tratamento com LBP de 660 nm) e G4 (lesão e tratamento com LBP de 830 nm). Os animais de G2, G3 e G4 foram submetidos à lesão do nervo isquiático e, três dias após a lesão, G3 e G4 realizaram tratamento com LBP de 660 nm e 830 nm, respectivamente. Após o tratamento, todos os animais foram eutanasiados e os músculos sóleos coletados para confecção das lâminas histológicas, visando a realização de análises morfológicas do tecido. Constatou-se que os animais submetidos à lesão sofreram alterações morfológicas na fibra, resultando em sua atrofia. Foi percebido também que o LBP com comprimento de onda de 830 nm apresentou ligeiros sinais de recuperação das características morfométricas analisadas.
Efeito da fotobiomodulação associada a exercícios na dor e na funcionalidade de pacientes com osteoartrite de joelho: estudo-piloto
Authors: Sardim André Cabral , Prado Rodrigo Paschoal , Pinfildi Carlos Eduardo
Published: August 2020

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da fotobiomodulação associada a exercícios na dor e na funcionalidade de pacientes com osteoartrite de joelho. Para isso foram recrutados 20 pacientes com osteoartrite do joelho uni ou bilateral, que foram distribuídos em dois grupos: grupo-controle (GC), que realizou aplicação de fotobiomodulação (FBM) placebo e um protocolo de exercício; e grupo fotobiomodulação (GF), que realizou aplicação ativa da FBM e o protocolo de exercício, sendo esse realizado duas vezes por semana durante oito semanas e consistindo de alongamentos passivos dos músculos de membros inferiores, straight leg raise, treinamento proprioceptivo e exercícios para o controle da marcha. A FBM foi aplicada com o aparelho cluster contendo quatro diodos de 670 nm e cinco diodos de 850 nm, com uma potência de saída de 540 mW, sendo a dose utilizada de 4 J/cm2. Os grupos foram avaliados pré e pós-tratamento com os questionários SF-36, Lequesne, Tinetti, e por meio da Escala Visual Analógica de dor (EVA). Os dados foram analisados com o método Anova, seguido do Bonferroni. Os dados indicaram melhoras significativas para o GF ao fim do tratamento para as avaliações da EVA (2±1,25 vs. 0,7±0,82; p=0,009). Embora ambos os grupos tenham obtido melhoras significativas ao longo do tratamento, não foi possível observar diferenças significativas entre eles para o restante das avaliações ao final do tratamento. Portanto, conclui-se que o uso da FBM associada a exercícios apresentou melhora da dor nos pacientes com osteoartrite de joelho, embora não tenha sido possível observar diferenças significativas no que diz respeito à funcionalidade.
Sternocleidomastoid muscle activation following inspiratory muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bordin Diogo Fanfa , Cardoso Dannuey Machado , Wagner Litiele Evelin , Beckenkamp Paula Regina , Silva Andrea Lúcia Gonçalves da , Paiva Dulciane Nunes
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT This study aims to assess the effect of short-time low frequency inspiratory muscle trainer (Threshold IMT) on inspiratory muscle strength and electromyographic activity of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). People with COPD participating in a lung rehabilitation program were allocated to a control or inspiratory muscle training (IMT) group. The control group participated in the usual rehabilitation, whereas the other group received IMT (performed with a load of 50% maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) adjusted weekly). Both interventions lasted for 2 months. Outcomes included electromyographic analysis of the SCM and MIP. In total, ten participants were allocated to each group. The IMT group presented an increase in absolute (p<0.001) and predicted (p<0.001) values of MIP and also in pre- and post-intervention variation between groups (p=0.003 and p=0.008, respectively). Such differences were not found in the control group. The SCM muscle activity decreased in the IMT post intragroup evaluation (p=0.008). IMT provided a reduction of the electromyographic activity of SCM in COPD patients, also increasing inspiratory muscle strength in the study participants.
Avaliação do agenciamento de autocuidados e sua associação com sintomas e qualidade de vida em indivíduos com fibromialgia
Authors: Couto Letícia Assis , Yuan Susan Lee King , Souza Ingred Merllin Batista de , Santo Adriana de Sousa do Espírito , Marques Amélia Pasqual
Published: August 2020

RESUMO A fibromialgia (FM) é uma condição de alta prevalência e que causa desconforto físico, sofrimento mental e comprometimento nas relações sociais. Assim, o autocuidado pode ser um aspecto determinante para melhorar a qualidade de vida de indivíduos com FM, pois está relacionado ao ato de se investir de poder. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o agenciamento do autocuidado de indivíduos com FM e verificar a associação do autocuidado com variáveis sociodemográficas, sintomas e qualidade de vida. Participaram do estudo 40 indivíduos com FM, que preencheram os critérios diagnósticos do Colégio Americano de Reumatologia de 2010. O autocuidado foi avaliado pela Escala de Avaliação de Agenciamento de Autocuidados Revisada (EAAA-R), a intensidade da dor dos pacientes foi verificada pela Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) e pelo Índice de Dor Generalizada (IDG), enquanto a severidade dos sintomas foi avaliado pela Escala de Severidade dos Sintomas (SS) e a qualidade de vida pelo Questionário de Impacto da Fibromialgia Revisado (QIF-R). Utilizamos o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (dados paramétricos) e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (dados não paramétricos), com nível de significância α<0,05. Os resultados mostram valores médios para o agenciamento do autocuidado (52,75±10,25), intensidade da dor (5,84±2,16), IDG (13,32±3,78), SS (9,30±1,68), e QIF-R (63,98±17,26). Houve associação do autocuidado com a classe social (r=0,391) e associação com domínios do QIF-R: função (r=-0,338), impacto geral (r=-0,315), sintomas (r=-0,332) e escore total (r=-0,375). O estudo sugere moderado agenciamento de autocuidado e fraca associação do autocuidado com a qualidade de vida e com a classe social em indivíduos com fibromialgia.
Interação toracoabdominal e sua relação com os fatores de risco biológico em recém-nascidos prematuros
Authors: Ribeiro Simone Nascimento Santos , Lourenço Lorena Batista , Sena Giuliana de Souza , Sampaio Sabrinne Suelen Santos , Pereira Silvana Alves
Published: August 2020

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a participação toracoabdominal durante a respiração e sua relação com os fatores de risco clínicos em recém-nascidos prematuros (RNPT). Trata-se de um estudo multicêntrico, transversal, realizado em duas unidades de cuidado intermediário neonatal com RNPT entre 26-35 semanas, estáveis hemodinamicamente, que fizeram uso de oxigênio ou suporte ventilatório durante a fase da internação. O movimento lateral do tronco foi filmado por 2 minutos e os vídeos foram avaliados no software MATLAB® para interpretação quantitativa da participação toracoabdominal, por um pesquisador cego sobre os dados da amostra. Os dados foram expressos graficamente em cm2 representando os valores máximos, mínimos e médios da participação de tórax e abdômen. O coeficiente de Pearson foi usado para avaliar a correlação entre as variáveis neonatais com a mobilidade. Foram avaliados 2.080 frames de 26 RNPT com idade gestacional média de 31 semanas ±2,34. Quanto maior a idade e o peso, maior a participação do tórax na respiração (r=0,55; p=0,001); e quanto maior o tempo de internação, menor é a sua participação (r=-0,40; p=0,04). A participação do abdômen aumenta de acordo com o aumento do número de dias em uso de oxigênio (r=0,33; p=0,001) e diminui com o aumento da idade e do peso (r=-0,41; p=0,001). A participação toracoabdominal tem relação direta com a idade gestacional e o peso. Como fatores externos, o uso prolongado de oxigênio e o tempo de internação interferem negativamente no padrão respiratório, uma vez que o aumento da participação abdominal durante a biomecânica respiratória pode representar um gasto energético.
Avaliação da distribuição do peso corporal em hemiparéticos: medidas posturográficas versus o instrumento Avaliação da Simetria e Transferência de Peso
Authors: Martins Camilla Polonini , Xarles Thiago Moreira , Lemos Thiago , Oliveira Laura Alice Santos de
Published: August 2020

RESUMO A assimetria na distribuição do peso corporal (DPC) é um achado comum após um acidente vascular cerebral. Embora a posturografia seja considerada o padrão-ouro para a detecção da assimetria da DPC, exige equipamentos e conhecimentos específicos, limitando seu uso na prática clínica. Por outro lado, a Escala de Avaliação da Simetria e Transferência de Peso (ASTP) é um método simples para identificar a assimetria na DPC. Entretanto, não foi testado se seus resultados estão relacionados às medidas posturográficas. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a validade concorrente por meio da identificação do grau de associação entre a ASTP e as medidas posturográficas da DPC em indivíduos com hemiparesia. Sessenta indivíduos, com hemiparesia [mediana (min-max)] 58 (33-86) anos e 24 (6-29) meses desde o primeiro AVC, foram avaliados. zA DPC foi avaliada por meio da ASTP e da posturografia (percentual da DPC sobre o membro não parético). A mediana do escore ASTP foi 23 (14-27), “capacidade parcialmente boa de simetria e transferência de peso”. A posturografia revelou 59% de apoio do peso corporal (50-97) sobre o lado não parético. Além disso, identificou uma proporção maior de indivíduos assimétricos do que a ASTP (29 vs. 8; p=0,003). Não houve correlação significativa entre ASTP e %DPC (rho=0,001, p=0,992). Concluiu-se que a ASTP não está relacionada à assimetria na DPC estimada pela posturografia, sugerindo a necessidade de uma reavaliação de sua utilidade clínica.
Motor development in non-microcephalic infants born to mothers with Zika Virus infection during pregnancy
Authors: Gerzson Laís Rodrigues , Almeida Carla Skilhan de , Silva Juliana Herrero da , Schüler-Faccini Lavinia
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study sought to evaluate motor development in infants exposed to ZIKV born with normal head circumference (HC). Thirty one children, distributed into two groups, participated in the study: 15 whose mothers were infected by ZIKV during pregnancy, born with HC from −1.9 to +2 Z-scores, adjusted for sex and gestational age (exposed group); and 16 randomly selected infants without known prenatal exposure to ZIKV, paired by sex and age (control group). Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) was used to evaluate gross motor development. We found no significant difference between the exposed and control groups. However, considering that AIMS is a screening test that assesses only the gross motor development and the small size of our sample, infants exposed to ZIKV during pregnancy should be continuously evaluated for different aspects of their development.
Funcionalidade de membro superior em pacientes deambuladores e não deambuladores com distrofia muscular de Duchenne
Authors: Santos Ana Lúcia Yaeko da Silva , Maciel Flaviana Kelly de Lima , Fávero Francis Meire , Grossklauss Luís Fernando , Sá Cristina dos Santos Cardoso de
Published: August 2020

RESUMO Novos tratamentos propostos para os pacientes com distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) têm sua eficácia avaliada por testes de membros inferiores. Contudo, os testes funcionais de membros superiores (MMSS) avaliam tanto deambuladores (D) como não deambuladores (ND). Assim, este estudo se propôs a comparar a funcionalidade de MMSS de pacientes D e ND com DMD e correlacionar o estadiamento da doença e a função de MMSS. Trata-se de um estudo transversal no qual os pacientes foram divididos em D e ND de acordo com a escala Vignos. Posteriormente, a funcionalidade dos MMSS foi avaliada pela escala performace of upper limb (PUL). Foi realizado o teste t independente, teste qui-quadrado, teste Mann-Whitney, regressão linear e teste de correlação de Spearman pelo programa SPSS, versão 22. A pesquisa foi composta de 51 pacientes, sendo 20 D e 31 ND. Houve diferença entre os grupos em relação à idade (p=0,001), ao índice de massa corporal (IMC) (p=0,016), à escolaridade (p=0,011), quanto ao escore na escala Vignos (p<0,001) e na função dos MMSS (p<0,001). Na análise de regressão linear observamos que o paciente ser D ou ND influencia na função dos MMSS em 18 pontos na escala PUL. Houve forte correlação entre o estadiamento da doença e a função de MMSS (r2=−0,769, p<0,001). A condição funcional dos MMSS depende se o paciente é D ou ND, sendo pior nos ND. Concluiu-se que a função de MMSS tem forte correlação com o estadiamento da doença.
Activities of daily living in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with depressive symptoms
Authors: Souza Rilda Carla Alves de , Vieira Fabíola Cássia de Oliveira Silva , Costa Graziella Monicky Oliveira , Souza Kamila Roberta Perpétua de , Siqueira Laura Maria Gomes de , Marinho Patrícia Érika de Melo
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study assessed the activities of daily living (ADL) and risk factors for developing depressive symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and was carried out at the pulmonology outpatient clinic of the Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz. Two hundred two (202) patients with COPD participated in the study. We evaluated the sociodemographic and anthropometric data, the ADL by means of Pulmonary Functional Status and Dyspnea Questionnaire - Modified version (PFSDQ-M), and the presence of depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). All domains (dyspnea, fatigue and activity changes) of PFSDQ are compromised in patients with depressive symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 38.6%. The chance of developing these symptoms was higher for those who used more than one bronchodilator (OR: 2.82, CI 95%: 1.47-5.38, p=0.002), presented dyslipidemias (OR: 2.74, CI95%: 1.24-6.07, p=0.012), had a heart disease (OR: 2.82, CI 95%: 1.18-6.74, p=0.020), presented expectoration (OR: 2.44, CI 95%: 1.2-4.95, p=0.014) or did not have a partner (OR: 2.58, CI 95%: 1.36-4.9, p=0.004). COPD patients with depressive symptoms had all domains of ADL compromised compared to patients without these symptoms.
Electrophysical agents in clinical practice of orthopedic and sports physical therapists in Brazil
Authors: Silva Francine Pereira da , Severo-Silveira Lucas , Plentz Rodrigo Della Méa , Durigan João Luiz Quagliotti , Baroni Bruno Manfredini
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Studies have described the use of electrophysical agents (EPA) by physical therapists worldwide. However, the use of EPA by Brazilian physical therapists remains undetermined. This study aims to describe the availability, use, and perception about EPA by orthopedic and sports physical therapists in Brazil. Professionals of the area were invited to answer an online questionnaire. Demographic data and information regarding the availability, use and perception about EPA in their current clinical practice were asked. Out of 376 physical therapists included in this study, 89% declared to use EPA in clinical practice. Sensory electrotherapy with pulsed current (TENS), therapeutic ultrasound, excitomotor electrotherapy with pulsed current (FES/NMES), and cryotherapy are available for more than 3/4 of interviewees. Scientific articles and clinical experience, respectively, are the most influential factors for the choice of EPA. Ultrasound is the most frequently used EPA, followed by TENS, cryotherapy, photobiomodulation, hot packs, and FES/NMES. The top-five most useful EPA in clinical practice chosen by physical therapists are: (1) ultrasound; (2) photobiomodulation; (3) TENS; (4) cryotherapy; and (5) FES/NMES. In conclusion, EPA are widely used by orthopedic and sports physical therapists in Brazil. Therapeutic ultrasound, TENS, FES/NMES, photobiomodulation, cryotherapy, and hot packs are the most used EPA in clinical practice of these physiotherapists.
Efeito do laser de baixa intensidade na dor e na funcionalidade de pacientes com tendinopatia de ombro: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Leotty Carla Lopes Rodrigues , Lima Michele Mendes Coelho , Araújo Francisco Xavier de
Published: August 2020

RESUMO Dentre as diferentes intervenções fisioterapêuticas existentes, a terapia com laser de baixa intensidade (LBI) é altamente utilizada em distúrbios musculoesqueléticos. Evidências sugerem que o LBI é eficaz na modulação de mediadores inflamatórios, contribuindo para o reparo tecidual e sendo, portanto, indicado para o tratamento de condições inflamatórias em geral. Contudo, resultados heterogêneos foram relatados sobre sua eficácia em tendinopatias de ombro. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi revisar sistematicamente ensaios clínicos randomizados sobre os efeitos do LBI na dor e na funcionalidade de pacientes com tendinopatia de ombro. Dois revisores realizaram independentemente buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane e PEDro. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados, com seres humanos diagnosticados com tendinopatia de ombro e submetidos ao LBI, com desfechos de dor e/ou funcionalidade. A avaliação do risco de viés de cada estudo foi realizada por meio da escala PEDro. Oito estudos (73%) foram considerados com menor risco de viés, e três (27%) foram considerados com alto risco de viés. Onze estudos, totalizando 486 participantes, foram incluídos nesta revisão. O LBI reduz de forma estatisticamente significativa a dor em 45% dos estudos, e apenas um estudo apresentou aumento estatisticamente significativo na funcionalidade. Futuras revisões sistemáticas sobre o efeito combinado de LBI e exercícios, assim como sobre o efeito da terapia de LBI com dosagens recomendadas no tratamento de tendinopatias de ombro, são ainda necessárias.
Covid-19: Por que a proteção de trabalhadores e trabalhadoras da saúde é prioritária no combate à pandemia?
Authors: Helioterio Margarete Costa , Lopes Fernanda Queiroz Rego de Sousa , Sousa Camila Carvalho de , Souza Fernanda de Oliveira , Pinho Paloma de Sousa , Sousa Flávia Nogueira e Ferreira de , Araújo Tânia Maria de
Published: August 2020

Resumo A pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) configura quadro de emergência de saúde pública mundial. Algumas categorias ocupacionais têm risco elevado de exposição à infecção, como os(as) trabalhadores(as) da saúde. Neste artigo, objetiva-se sumarizar e sistematizar aspectos relativos às condições de trabalho e de saúde dos(as) trabalhadores(as) da saúde nessa pandemia, enfatizando a situação no Brasil, experiências exitosas na proteção do trabalho em saúde em outros países e recomendações para o contexto brasileiro. Iniciativas imediatas de proteção e combate à pandemia em outros países incluíram como pontos estratégicos: adequação das condições de trabalho; testagem sistemática e ações específicas de assistência aos(às) trabalhadores(as). Para o enfrentamento da Covid-19 no Brasil, destacam-se como recomendações: revisão de fluxos de atendimento e definição de características e condições para cada etapa de atendimento; estabelecimento da Covid-19 como doença relacionada ao trabalho para os grupos expostos; registro efetivo da ‘ocupação’ nos sistemas de informação; estabelecimento de condições especiais para execução do trabalho na situação de epidemia; atenção às jornadas laborais e ações para redução de estressores ocupacionais. A atuação desses(as) trabalhadores(as) é elemento central no enfrentamento da pandemia, portanto, o plano de combate ao Covid-19 deve incluir proteção e preservação de sua saúde física e mental.
Plano Plurianual como proxy para medir capacidades estatais: um estudo sobre o planejamento governamental nos municípios da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre
Authors: Lima Luciana Leite , Lui Lizandro , Biasi Ruiz Karina Pietro , Dias Gianna Vargas Reis Salgado , Papi Luciana Pazini , Demarco Diogo Joel
Published: August 2020

Resumo Este artigo tem o objetivo de investigar as capacidades estatais relacionadas ao planejamento governamental dos municípios da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPA). De forma específica, analisamos os planos plurianuais (PPAs) desses municípios, enfocando seus aspectos formais/obrigatórios, conforme exigidos normativamente. Assumimos que tais planos, em sua condição de produtos das burocracias estatais, expressam as capacidades estatais instaladas, especialmente a capacidade administrativa. Dessa forma, permitiriam uma aproximação analítica (proxy) desta. No que tange aos procedimentos metodológicos, foi realizada pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, operacionalizada por meio de pesquisa documental e análise de conteúdo. Constatamos que os PPAs dos municípios estudados apresentavam diversas fragilidades e inconsistências, tendo apenas Porto Alegre oferecido à sociedade um plano composto de todos os elementos obrigatórios. De forma geral, enquanto os objetivos e as metas foram os componentes mais presentes, indicadores, diretrizes e diagnóstico pouco foram acionados. Entende-se que tais debilidades refletem a baixa qualidade das burocracias instaladas no que concerne à área de planejamento municipal. Ainda, averiguou-se que o porte populacional do município não influenciou tais resultados.
Imposto Predial e Territorial Urbano: tratando espacialmente desafios econômicos, sociais e políticos
Authors: Libório Matheus Pereira , Laudares Sandro , Abreu João Francisco de , Ekel Petr Yakovlevitch , Bernardes Patrícia
Published: August 2020

Resumo Esta pesquisa se insere no contexto da desigualdade urbana, que se revela, em parte, pela concentração da oferta de bens-serviços públicos em áreas mais favorecidas em detrimento de áreas menos favorecidas. Além de trazer evidências empíricas que confirmam esse entendimento, exploram-se alternativas para aumentar a progressividade dos tributos. Busca-se, assim, atribuir um imposto maior àqueles que se beneficiam mais da valorização imobiliária e do bem-estar produzido por tais bens e serviços. Logo, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi criar um mecanismo para extrair recursos de áreas mais favorecidas e investi-los, na forma de bens-serviços públicos, em áreas menos favorecidas. Para tanto, selecionaram-se variáveis relacionadas aos bens-serviços públicos (agrupamento hierárquico) e criou-se uma Variável de Síntese Bens-Serviços Públicos (VS-BSP) (análise de componentes principais). Os resultados revelaram que áreas menos favorecidas possuíam 2,54 e 2,52 vezes menos VS-BSP e renda, respectivamente. Com a nova alíquota do IPTU, que considera a progressividade tributária e a proporção da VS-BSP nos domicílios, pode-se atribuir uma alíquota 157% maior para áreas mais favorecidas. Estima-se que essa alíquota possa contribuir para uma redução de 47% da diferença na oferta de bens-serviços públicos entre áreas mais e menos favorecidas.
O estudo da forma urbana no Espírito Santo
Authors: Botechia Flavia Ribeiro , Mendonça Eneida Maria Souza , Pegoretti Michela Sagrillo
Published: August 2020

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para a periodização do estudo sobre a forma urbana no estado do Espírito Santo, mais especificamente a partir do ponto de vista dos pesquisadores vinculados à Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), na qual se sedia, desde 1979, o curso de graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Na primeira parte do texto, sugere-se a existência de três períodos de ensino e pesquisa em Morfologia Urbana, quais sejam: os primeiros anos, a consolidação com formação de redes e a difusão. Ao final do artigo, relatam-se as experiências mais atuais e as perspectivas futuras que estão alinhavadas com toda a formação precedente.
Habitação de Interesse Social e o Minha Casa Minha Vida – faixa 1: questão ambiental na produção habitacional
Authors: Sousa Isabel Cristina Nunes de , Braga Roberto
Published: August 2020

Resumo A proposta deste estudo incorpora, na análise da inserção urbana dos conjuntos produzidos pelo Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV), um olhar ambiental à discussão habitacional. Assim, buscou-se compreender como o atendimento às demandas sociais de habitação dialoga com a proteção ambiental. Objetivou-se, portanto, fazer uma análise da vinculação entre os efeitos ambientais e socioespaciais da implantação de empreendimentos do PMCMV – Faixa 1, em uma cidade média do interior paulista. O intuito foi contribuir para discussões acerca dos processos de provisão habitacional a partir de uma perspectiva ambiental, relacionando condicionantes do meio físico às estratégias de produção de cidade. Por meio de um estudo de caso, identificou-se a intensificação na ocupação de áreas ambientalmente impróprias à urbanização pela provisão habitacional via financiamento público. Essa conjuntura revela uma desarticulação entre funções social e ambiental, bem como entre políticas urbanas e habitacionais.
Neonatal gastric perforation: is prematurity the only cause?
Authors: Dash Manas R. , Barma S. K. , Panigrahi Pranay , Parida P. , Mohanty P. K. , Jena P. K.
Published: August 2020

Background: Neonatal Gastric Perforation (NGP) is a serious and life-threatening emergency and challenging in terms of diagnosis and management.  The precise aetiology remains obscure in most cases. Published literatures provide theories of gastric ischemia, aerophagia & trauma with or without definite inciting pathology.  Owing to its high mortality rate, it requires early detection & urgent intervention to bring out the newborn from this catastrophe.Methods: We report five cases of neonatal gastric perforation over period of 2013-2019 admitted to a tertiary paediatric surgical care hospital managed by early detection, prompt resuscitation along with exploration and primary repair of the defect in gastric wall.Results: The common feature in these five cases were preterm age, low birth weight, hypoxic event   and   marked abdominal distension causing respiratory distress.  Features of imminent or complete septic shock were present in all cases. Perforation was found on anterior wall along greater curvature of stomach in all babies. Four babies out of five survived except in one case of jejunoileal Artesia that developed gastric perforation in post operative period.Conclusions: Neonatal gastric perforation should be suspected in cases of rapidly deteriorating premature newborn with gross abdominal distension and pneumoperitoneum. In our opinion, etiology of NGP is multifactorial. Prematurity, low APGAR score with vigorous resuscitation could be a clue for early diagnosis. Good outcome in our series was due to early diagnosis and prompt pre and postoperative measures. Additionally, sterile gastric content in peritoneum  might lead to survival from this catastrophic event.
Assosıation Between Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction and Vitamin D Levels in Congestive Heart Failure; a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ozdemir Betul
Published: August 2020

Background: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic disease that incidence is growing in the population. Vitamin D effects on directly myocardial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between vitamin D levels with ejection fraction of left ventricle.
Methods: The study population consisted of 101 patients admitted with heart failure. Age, gender, and demographic characteristics (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking-nonsmoking, coronary artery disease) of all patients were recorded. In all patients for blood analyses vitamin D, creatine, crp and lipid profile were studied. And all patients were studied echocardiography.
Results: CHF patients, in our population 35 (34.7%) patient is female and 66 (65.3%) patient is male. The mean age of our patients was calculated as 67.4±12.9 years. Our patients laboratory parameters mean were measured for vitamin D 24.3±17.3 ng/ml. Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) mean was measured 31.8±9.5. In our study group LVEF and vitamin D was correlated with each other
Conclusion: Vitamin D and LVEF had a positive correlation in heart failure patients. It may be occured with the protective effect of vitamin D or consequence of hipovitaminosis. J Pharm Care 2020; 8(2): 50-52.
Vancomycin Prescription Pattern in a Teaching Hospital: The Promising Role of Antimicrobial Control Programs
Authors: Alavi-Moghadam Mostafa , Shahim Farhad , Sistanizad Mohammad , Pourheidar Elham , Hassanpour Rezvan
Published: August 2020

Background: Irrational use of antibiotics is a healthcare problem which can lead to antibiotic resistance. Vancomycin resistance is developing worldwide and is a huge financial burden to healthcare systems. Antimicrobial control programs are an essential component of educational programs in ensuring the optimal use of antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an educational program implemented at an Educational Medical Center on vancomycin prescription patterns.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional, pre-post interventional study carried out at Imam Hussein Hospital affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran, between 2014 to 2016. Vancomycin protocol was prepared, then all physicians and assistants were trained through workshops and instructed to order vancomycin based on the approved protocol. The primary objective of this study was to determine the change in vancomycin usage – calculated based on the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) per 100 patient-days in each ward – collected in three phases: at baseline, during the educational program and post-intervention phase.
Results: The data revealed that total vancomycin consumption significantly decreased at the baseline and post-intervention phases in comparison with during the educational program (p=0.007, p= 0.105, respectively).
Conclusion: The educational programs in this study were effective at optimizing antibiotics usage and the study results showed that antimicrobial training programs can be successfully implemented for the management of vancomycin usage at our university-affiliated hospital.
The Effect of Beers Criteria-Based Training in General Practitioners on Prescribing Potentially Inappropriate Medications in Elderly Patients
Authors: Baradaran Hananeh , Nasirpur Mohammad , Hamishehkar Hadi
Published: August 2020

Background: Pharmacotherapy in elderly patients has become a major concern due to their physiological changes, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics variations and poly-pharmacy. In considering the global trend in population aging, we aim to evaluate the effect of “Beers Criteria” education on prescribing medications for elderly patients by General Practitioners (GPs).
Methods: Thirty GPs with the highest number of prescriptions were included in this pilot study. All prescriptions written over a three-month period were considered, then prescriptions for geriatric patients were selected and evaluated. The GPs were trained using pamphlets and booklets which were prepared based on Beers 2015 explicit criteria. In order to evaluate the effect of education, appropriateness of prescriptions was analyzed before and 1 month following training.
Results: Of 15,447 prescriptions selected during the first step, 1,281 prescriptions were related to geriatric patients in which the prevalence of inappropriate drug prescriptions was 37.3%. The most inappropriate medications identified were Bisacodyl, Alprazolam, and Hyoscyamine. While in the second step 1,055 of 15,154 prescriptions concerned the elderly and inappropriate drug prescription rate was noted as 23.6%. The most common inappropriate medications included Alprazolam, Amitriptyline, and Hyoscyamine. Based on our results, the prevalence of prescribing potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) for elderly patients is high among GPs and educational interventions that raise awareness about “Beers Criteria” significantly reduce the prescribing PIMs.
Conclusion: Given the importance of GP training programs in reducing inappropriate prescription rates among geriatric patients, it will be necessary for the National Committee of Rational Use of Drugs (NCRUD) to consider undertaking comprehensive educational strategies for reducing the prevalence of inappropriate medication use in elderly people.
Evaluation of Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis Guideline in the Intensive Care Units of a Teaching Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Vazin Afsaneh , Mousavinasab Seyed Ruhollah , Sabetian Golnar
Published: August 2020

Background: One of the complications of critical ill patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) are stress-related mucosal damage. Stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) should be administered to all critically ill patients with at least one major risk factor and two or more minor criteria.
Methods: This study was performed during 6 months from October 2013 to December 2013 in Namazi Hospital intensive care units to assess the appropriate administration of SUP, according to American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) protocol. Candidate for SUP according the ASHP guideline is considered if there is a at least one major risk factor or two or more minor risk factors.
Results: Ninety-four patients were enrolled (46 men and 48 women). The mean age of study subjects was 51.5 years. The most major risk factor to stress ulcer found to be mechanical ventilation more than 48 hours (53%). The most minor risk factor for stress ulcer was ICU admission for less than one week (23.5%). Most prescribed medication for stress ulcer prophylaxis was intravenous Pantoprazole (44.7%). Our results have shown that about 74% patients were candidate for SUP according the ASHP guideline. 13(13.8%) of patients had only major risk factors. 5 (5.3%) of patients received SUP while they did not have at least one major risk factor or two or more minor risk factors.
Conclusion: Our results have shown that 76.2% of the total SUP administrations were compliant with the ASHP guideline. Among the prescribed medication for SUP, intravenous pantoprazole had the highest percentage of administration (44.7%) and oral omeprazole had the lowest percentage of administration (7.4%). According to the results of our study, 72% of the route administrations are compliant with the ASHP guideline.
Herbal Medicine as Neuroprotective Potential Agent in Human and Animal Models: A Historical Overview
Authors: Abdolmaleki Arash , Akram Muhammad , Muddasar Saeed Muhammad , Asadi Asadollah , Kajkolah Mahan
Published: August 2020

Neurodegenerative disorders could be a most important health issue within the 21st century. In the recent past; there has been a growing interest in medicinal plants. Chemical fruits and vegetables are said to decrease the possibility of many chief ailments, together with cardiovascular and cancer disorders as well as neurodegenerative ailments. Hence, who eat more fruits and vegetables may be less threaten for developing certain diseases caused by neurological dysfunction. The present review provides an overview of the about 14 most important plants used for neurological disorders and explores their neurological protection for the development of new pharmacological potential drugs. The data sources including the publications on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. Publications searched with no particular time restriction in order to get a holistic and comprehensive view of the research done on this topic so far. Therefore, we present a systematic approach for herbal medicine as neuroprotective agent. From ancient time the herbal medicines are used to cure neurological symptoms. While the exact pharmacology of these herbs has not yet been set on, some of them have anti-inflammatory or antioxidant properties on different peripheral systems. The significant variety of medicinal plants makes it an essential source of healthy compounds compared to current therapeutic agents. In this review, the importance of phytochemicals for the function of neurological protection and other related disorders, in particular, the process mechanism and therapeutic prospective will be emphasize.
The Prevalence of Gram-Negative Microorganisms Isolated from Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Patients in the Intensive Care Units of Southwest of Iran
Authors: MehraliNejadian Saeed , Izadpanah Mandana , Soltani Farhad , Sayadi Sepideh , Aghakouchakzadeh Maryam
Published: August 2020

Background: Increasing microbial resistance is a severe threat to global public health. One of the most common diseases in the intensive care unit is ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Methods: The method of this research was non-interactive and descriptive. This study was carried out from January to March 2018, at the Golestan Hospital of Ahvaz. Patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) were included in the study. The prevalence of resistant gram-negative microorganisms was studied through reported laboratory antibiogram results of cultures.
Results: From 373 hospitalized patients, 38 (10.2%) were diagnosed with VAP. From the 57 respiratory cultures performed, overall 90 microorganisms were isolated, from which Enterobacter with 36 cases (39.5%) and E.Coli with 28 cases (30.7%) were most frequently compared to other organisms. From the 90 organisms responsible for the infection, 43 cases (47.2%) were Multiple drug-resistant (MDR)  microorganisms and 47 (51.6%) were Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) microorganisms. Enterobacter and E.Coli were the most prevalent MDR microorganisms with 17 cases (39.5%) and 13 (30.2%), respectively. Also, these two microorganisms were the most abundant XDR microorganisms with 19 cases (40.4%) and 15 (31.9%), respectively.
Conclusion:The results show the requirement of robust antibiotic monitoring and the optimization of antibiotic use in order to prevent the progression of antibiotic resistance in these units.
Reconsideration of Interactions Between Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Calcineurin Inhibitors
Authors: Labbani-Motlagh Zohre , Dashti-Khavidaki Simin
Published: August 2020

This article is a Letter to the Editor and does not include an Abstract.
Pharmacotherapy Plays Main Role in Managing Acute Epiploic Appendagitis: A Case Report
Authors: Asvadi-Kermani Touraj , Naeimzadeh Farnaz , Jalili Javad , Rezaee Haleh
Published: August 2020

Epiploic appendagitis is natural fats at the anti-mesenchymal surface of the colon. EP is self- limited. Misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary hospitalization, antibiotic therapy, and surgical intervention. The incidence reported 8.8 cases / million / year. Here, we report on 36-year-old female patient who presented with acute abdominal pain that was getting worse with the change of position. Based on these symptoms and double contrast computed tomography, she was diagnosed with epiploic appendagitis in adjacent to the sigmoid. The patient was treated successfully with conservative management and antibiotics. Since the signs and symptoms of epiploic appendagitis are nonspecific, but considering of this disease as one of the differential diagnoses of acute abdominal pain can prevent the disease from misdiagnosing.
The Potential for Coproducing Food Security in Public Housing Communities
Authors: Lucio Joanna , Bruening Meg , Hand Laura C.
Published: August 2020

The coproduction literature has long acknowledged that citizens are active consumers and producers of public goods. Coproduction tends to be successful when citizens are already engaging in activities that can be enhanced through collaboration with activities of public managers, programs, and agencies. In this article, we investigate the strategies and activities public housing residents engage in to produce consistent access to sufficient nutritious food needed to support a healthy life. That is, we investigate residents’ food security. Focus group responses from adults and adolescents in six public housing communities in the Phoenix metropolitan area reveal barriers and opportunities for leveraging communities to attenuate place-based disadvantages associated with low food security. These responses also demonstrate a potential missed opportunity to engage in place-based solutions that use principles of coproduction to produce and maintain residents’ food security.
Institutional Logics and Diverging Organizational Forms: An Empirical Study in Russia
Authors: Wathen Maria V.
Published: August 2020

Using an institutional logics approach, this study investigates how the institutional logics of leaders of grassroots social service nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Russia changed over time and how these changes related to changes in organizational mission, people served, professionalization, and interactions with the government. Relying on interviews as well as other data gathered, this analysis of organizational leaders’ narratives reveals the identities and experiences that these leaders turn to in their sensemaking of significant events. The findings show that, on the one hand, social welfare NGOs continued to provide services, increased their advocacy efforts, and professionalized their staff. Volunteer organizations, on the other hand, discontinued provision of social services turning instead to the recruitment and development of volunteers. Theoretically, this empirical case illustrates how an interplay of factors at multiple levels can affect the expression of logics at the organizational level.
Checking in on the State of Nonprofit Scholarship: A Review of Recent Research
Authors: Minkowitz Honey , Twumasi Akua , Berrett Jessica L. , Chen Xintong , Stewart Amanda J.
Published: August 2020

The complexity and diversity of the nonprofit sector provides a rich landscape for academic scholarship; and, growing numbers of nonprofit scholars and their associated research publications have established the field of nonprofit research. Yet, it is unclear if this research has been applied appropriately to the evolving landscape of the sector. Although literature reviews have helped us to understand the status of academic scholarship in the field of nonprofit research, these reviews have primarily focused on particular topics without considering the field as a whole. Thus, in this study we review all contemporary nonprofit scholarship (n=972) from three prominent nonprofit journals. The review documents the development of nonprofit research as presented in these journals over the last five years and offers recommendations for future research consideration.
“I Didn’t Want to be a Burden”: Improving Interactions between Refugees and Nonprofit Service Providers
Authors: Keegan Brittany
Published: August 2020

As newly resettled refugees integrate into their new communities they often receive services from nonprofit organizations to supplement government assistance. However, there has been little research regarding how nonprofit service providers and refugees interact with one another and perceive these interactions. This qualitative study uses data gathered from 60 first-person, open-ended interviews with refugees and nonprofit service providers to fill this gap. The research questions are: How do refugees being served by nonprofits express their perceptions of the services they receive to nonprofit service providers? To what extent do refugees feel that nonprofit service providers are responsive to their needs? And, how do nonprofit staff and volunteers report responding to the needs of their refugee clients? This article is framed using empowerment theory, where refugee needs and perspectives are at the forefront of service provision decisions
A Path Forward for Advancing Nonprofit Ethics and Accountability: Voices from an Independent Sector Study
Authors: Ito Karen , Slatten Lise Anne
Published: August 2020

The nonprofit sector continues to grow in size, assets, and influence. However, a critical eye in recent years has brought scrutiny from many stakeholders to the operations of nonprofit organizations (NPOs). Accountability, transparency, and ethical behavior are now part of the everyday language of NPO leaders, staff, volunteers, donors, and board members. This study synthesizes research on a specific set of guidelines developed by Independent Sector and provides a substantive review of key concepts and developments related to nonprofit ethics and accountability. The results should prove useful for NPO staff, stakeholders, regulators, the media, and others interested in improved governance.
The Urgency of Granting Authority to Assess Corruption Justice Collaborators
Authors: Triwanto Triwanto , Aryani Esti
Published: August 2020

This study aims to determine the urgency of the authority of investigators in the determination of justice collaborators in criminal acts of corruption. In answering the above problems, the research method used is doctrinal research. This study applies a case approach and concept. While the method of data collection is done by examining case studies and literature studies or mere secondary data. So if the Urgency of Giving the authority of the investigator in questioning the determination of justice collaborator in a criminal act of corruption, the author sees that there are 3 (three) things that become the basis for the urgency of granting authority to determine Justice Collaborator by the investigator, including: a. philosophical, b. juridical, and c. sociological. said to be important because it has become a common perception for investigators and police investigators about the massive and organized circulation of corruption networks at this time, in the investigation process often investigators find the potential of the existence of a saski crown that could become the role of justice collaborator.

 Keywords: Justice; Justice Collaborator; Corruption.

 

 
Legal Perspective on Effectiveness of Pre-Work Cards for Indonesian People
Authors: Zubaidi Najella , Pratama Regy Gusti , Al-Fatih Sholahuddin
Published: August 2020

Many populations in Indonesia have made various problems that arise one of the problems of unemployment that occur in Indonesia. Many unemployment certainly makes the Indonesian economy decline, of course it becomes the duty of the government in overcoming the decline in the Indonesian economy and the issue of unemployment which is surged annually especially in the year 2020. Indonesian President Joko Widodo has created a pre-work card program which is expected to suppress the unemployment rate in Indonesia. With community pre-work cards can increase productivity and competitiveness of work and improve work competence. The community who participated in the pre-employment card program will be provided with training and incentives during the pre-work card training. But the government itself does not guarantee after joining the pre-employment program, people will get a job or not. Of course again this is a government task to be able to open extensive jobs for the people of Indonesia but this also needs to get support and participation from the people of Indonesia to make this pre-work card a successful program and can suppress the unemployment rate in Indonesia.

  Keywords: Pre Work Cards; Unemployment; Effectiveness.