bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence live streaming TikTok to purchase intention of skincare products in Indonesia
Authors: Rajagukguk Nova Winda , Suwarno Wulan , Anggraeni Adilla
Published: April 2024

TikTok Live Streaming accommodates the needs of sellers to be able to communicate two-way between sellers and buyers. A new type of online business called live streaming allows users to watch and make purchases. The host is the person who sells the goods during the live-streaming event, and the live streaming platform is the location where the live-streaming takes place. The purpose of this study is to further understand the factors that determine customer purchase intention through tiktok live streaming using the IAM model. In previous research, several variables in the IAM model have a positive correlation with purchase intention. This study aims to see the impact of adding one variable, namely perceived persuasiveness within the framework of the IAM model on purchase intention. This research aims to see the impact of adding one variable, perceived persuasiveness in IAM model framework on purchase intention. This study using the quantitative method was employed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLSSEM). The SmartPLS 4.0 software was applied to examine the proposed model.
Discursos y prácticas de la familia en la formación de la ciudadanía y su incidencia en los adolescentes escolarizados
Authors: Docal Millán María del Carmen , Fajardo Claudia Ines , Arciniegas Jose Omar , Monastoque Angelica
Published: April 2024

La familia sigue siendo concebida como el apoyo fundamental de la persona y el escenario principal para la educación en valores y la formación como ciudadano. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer los discursos y las prácticas en la familia que los jóvenes perciben que contribuyen a su formación como ciudadanos, con el propósito de generar una serie de reflexiones asociadas con la comprensión de la familia desde la vida cotidiana de este grupo poblacional. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, transversal mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario a 2.535 hombres y mujeres con edades entre 12 y 18 años escolarizados en colegios oficiales de Bogotá.

Los resultados muestran que para el 66.8% la familia es una unidad de amor, en contraste con el 1.7% que es lugar de provisión de recursos. Respecto de los valores, el que más se practica es el respeto, reportándose en hombres y mujeres con el porcentaje más alto y el valor que menos se promueve en ellos es la aceptación del otro y en ellas hacer las cosas bien. Entre las prácticas negativas más observadas en sus familias, los hombres reportan las mentiras piadosas y las mujeres gritar para ofender.
Escuela e identidad social. Comprensión y acción de procesos de inclusión social
Authors: Vera Angela Victoria
Published: April 2024

Se presenta una revisión teórica alrededor de la identidad y la educación que argumenta la pertinencia de la categoría identidad social para comprender procesos de inclusión social. A partir de la reflexión sobre la pluralidad y diversidad de los actores educativos y el reconocimiento de las tensiones y conflictos entre individuos, grupos y culturas se realiza una mirada que parte de la discusión sobre la identidad social y su pertinencia para abordar diversos fenómenos sociales a nivel teórico y empírico. En el desarrollo del artículo se presentan algunos hallazgos de investigaciones alrededor de identidad social y educación, se discute el papel de la escuela y sus dificultades frente a la construcción de identidades sociales y las dinámicas de homogeneidad y heterogeneidad presentes en el mundo escolar. Finalmente, se generan interrogantes de posibles indagaciones y formas de abordaje de procesos implicados en la construcción de identidades sociales en el contexto escolar.
CREST‐2 Commitment to Rigorous Assessment of Carotid Stenting for Primary Prevention of Stroke
Authors: Meschia James F. , Edwards Lloyd , Roubin Gary , Brott Thomas G. , Lal Brajesh K.
Published: April 2024

Background

Rather than considering carotid stenting and endarterectomy to be rival procedures, they ought to be seen as complementary, with some patients more suited to one procedure over another. The respective patient populations best suited for optimal outcomes with stenting and endarterectomy differ substantially. Hence, the CREST‐2 (Carotid Revascularization, Endarterectomy Versus Stent Trial‐2)
(
study was designed as 2 separate 2‐arm randomized trials run in parallel. One trial compares intensive medical management with and without stenting; the other, intensive medical management with and without endarterectomy. Each trial has a recruitment target of 1240 patients with ≥70% asymptomatic carotid stenosis, randomized 1:1 in each arm. To ensure patient safety and give stenting the best possible chance of demonstrating net benefits in stroke prevention, CREST‐2 adopted a rigorous procedure for evaluating, monitoring, and approving operators to enroll in the trial. The CREST‐2 Registry was established to allow for recent experience for applicant stent operators.

Methods

The CREST‐2 Registry is a prospective, multicenter, short‐term observational study of carotid stenting allowing use of multiple devices.

Results

The registry enrolled its first patient in September 2014, and as of October 2, 2023, a total of 9830 patients have been treated by 207 different stent operators from 103 different clinical centers. In this mixed cohort of asymptomatic (61.1% of the cohort) and symptomatic (38.9%) patients, the 30‐day stroke rate is 1.8% and the combined 30‐day stroke or death rate is 2.6%. At its peak in March 2016, the registry achieved an enrollment rate of 142 cases/month. As of October 20, 2023, a total of 104 patients remain to be enrolled in the CREST‐2 stenting trial.

Conclusion

The registry has facilitated assembly of a high‐performing team of stent operators for the CREST‐2 trial. With continued support of the many operators, we anticipate completing enrollment by the summer of 2024.
The Important Role of the Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Conflict Adaptation: A Combined Voxel-Based Morphometry and Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation Study
Authors: Xu Ping , Lin Feng , Alimu Gulibaier , Zhang Junjun , Jin Zhenlan , Li Ling
Published: April 2024

Humans can flexibly adjust their executive control to resolve conflicts. Conflict adaptation and conflict resolution are crucial aspects of conflict processing. Functional neuroimaging studies have associated the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with conflict processing, but its causal role remains somewhat controversial. Moreover, the neuroanatomical basis of conflict processing has not been thoroughly examined. In this study, the Stroop task, a well-established measure of conflict, was employed to investigate (1) the neuroanatomical basis of conflict resolution and conflict adaptation with the voxel-based morphometry analysis, (2) the causal role of DLPFC in conflict processing with the application of the continuous theta burst stimulation to DLPFC. The results revealed that the Stroop effect was correlated to the gray matter volume of the precuneus, postcentral gyrus, and cerebellum, and the congruency sequence effect was correlated to the gray matter volume of superior frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and lobule paracentral gyrus. These findings indicate the neuroanatomical basis of conflict resolution and adaptation. In addition, the continuous theta burst stimulation over the right DLPFC resulted in a significant reduction in the Stroop effect of RT after congruent trials compared with vertex stimulation and a significant increase in the Stroop effect of accuracy rate after incongruent trials than congruent trials, demonstrating the causal role of right DLPFC in conflict adaptation. Moreover, the DLPFC stimulation did not affect the Stroop effect of RT and accuracy rate. Overall, our study offers further insights into the neural mechanisms underlying conflict resolution and adaptation.
Neuroethics, Covert Consciousness, and Disability Rights: What Happens When Artificial Intelligence Meets Cognitive Motor Dissociation?
Authors: Fins Joseph J. , Shulman Kaiulani S.
Published: April 2024

In this article, we consider the intersection of cognitive motor dissociation (CMD) and artificial intelligence (AI), hence when CMD meets AI. In covert consciousness, there is a discordance between the observed behavior, the traditional bedside mode of assessment, and the response to volitional commands as depicted by neuroimaging or EEG studies. This alphabet soup of acronyms represents both the promise and peril of nascent technology in covert consciousness. On the diagnostic side, there is the complexity and uncertainty of identifying the discordance between cognitive activity and overt behavior. On the therapeutic side, when AI is used to generate speech, there is the possibility of misrepresenting the thoughts and intentions of those who are otherwise voiceless. This concordance of factors makes the application of AI to CMD worthy of deeper consideration. We offer this analysis in the spirit of anticipatory governance, a prudential process by which one plans to prevent or mitigate unintended consequences of novel technology. We first consider the normative challenges posed by CMD for clinical practice, neuroethics, and the law. We then explore the history of covert consciousness and the relationship of severe brain injury to the right-to-die movement, before introducing three biographies of brain injury that highlight the potential impact of disability bias or ableism in clinical practice, assistive technology, and translational research. Subsequently, we explore how AI might give voice to conscious individuals who are unable to communicate and the ethical challenges that this technology must overcome to promote human flourishing drawing upon what Nussbaum and Sen have described as a “capabilities approach” to promote normative reasoning.
Inferring Consciousness in Phylogenetically Distant Organisms
Authors: Godfrey-Smith Peter
Published: April 2024

The neural dynamics of subjectivity (NDS) approach to the biological explanation of consciousness is outlined and applied to the problem of inferring consciousness in animals phylogenetically distant from ourselves. The NDS approach holds that consciousness or felt experience is characteristic of systems whose nervous systems have been shaped to realize subjectivity through a combination of network interactions and large-scale dynamic patterns. Features of the vertebrate brain architecture that figure in other accounts of the biology of consciousness are viewed as inessential. Deep phylogenetic branchings in the animal kingdom occurred before the evolution of complex behavior, cognition, and sensing. These capacities arose independently in brain architectures that differ widely across arthropods, vertebrates, and cephalopods, but with conservation of large-scale dynamic patterns of a kind that have an apparent link to felt experience in humans. An evolutionary perspective also motivates a strongly gradualist view of consciousness; a simple distinction between conscious and nonconscious animals will probably be replaced with a view that admits differences of degree, perhaps on many dimensions.
Age-related Differences in Response Inhibition Are Mediated by Frontoparietal White Matter but Not Functional Activity
Authors: Parimoo Shireen , Grady Cheryl , Olsen Rosanna
Published: April 2024

Healthy older adults often exhibit lower performance but increased functional recruitment of the frontoparietal control network during cognitive control tasks. According to the cortical disconnection hypothesis, age-related changes in the microstructural integrity of white matter may disrupt inter-regional neuronal communication, which in turn can impair behavioral performance. Here, we use fMRI and diffusion-weighted imaging to determine whether age-related differences in white matter microstructure contribute to frontoparietal over-recruitment and behavioral performance during a response inhibition (go/no-go) task in an adult life span sample (n = 145). Older and female participants were slower (go RTs) than younger and male participants, respectively. However, participants across all ages were equally accurate on the no-go trials, suggesting some participants may slow down on go trials to achieve high accuracy on no-go trials. Across the life span, functional recruitment of the frontoparietal network within the left and right hemispheres did not vary as a function of age, nor was it related to white matter fractional anisotropy (FA). In fact, only frontal FA and go RTs jointly mediated the association between age and no-go accuracy. Our results therefore suggest that frontal white matter cortical “disconnection” is an underlying driver of age-related differences in cognitive control, and white matter FA may not fully explain functional task-related activation in the frontoparietal network during the go/no-go task. Our findings add to the literature by demonstrating that white matter may be more important for certain cognitive processes in aging than task-related functional activation.
Implicit Adaptation Is Modulated by the Relevance of Feedback
Authors: Tsay Jonathan , Parvin Darius E. , Dang Kristy V. , Stover Alissa R. , Ivry Richard B. , Morehead J. Ryan
Published: April 2024

Given that informative and relevant feedback in the real world is often intertwined with distracting and irrelevant feedback, we asked how the relevancy of visual feedback impacts implicit sensorimotor adaptation. To tackle this question, we presented multiple cursors as visual feedback in a center-out reaching task and varied the task relevance of these cursors. In other words, participants were instructed to hit a target with a specific task-relevant cursor, while ignoring the other cursors. In Experiment 1, we found that reach aftereffects were attenuated by the mere presence of distracting cursors, compared with reach aftereffects in response to a single task-relevant cursor. The degree of attenuation did not depend on the position of the distracting cursors. In Experiment 2, we examined the interaction between task relevance and attention. Participants were asked to adapt to a task-relevant cursor/target pair, while ignoring the task-irrelevant cursor/target pair. Critically, we jittered the location of the relevant and irrelevant target in an uncorrelated manner, allowing us to index attention via how well participants tracked the position of target. We found that participants who were better at tracking the task-relevant target/cursor pair showed greater aftereffects, and interestingly, the same correlation applied to the task-irrelevant target/cursor pair. Together, these results highlight a novel role of task relevancy on modulating implicit adaptation, perhaps by giving greater attention to informative sources of feedback, increasing the saliency of the sensory prediction error.
The Costs (and Benefits?) of Effortful Listening for Older Adults: Insights from Simultaneous Electrophysiology, Pupillometry, and Memory
Authors: Silcox Jack W. , Bennett Karen , Copeland Allyson , Ferguson Sarah Hargus , Payne Brennan R.
Published: April 2024

Although the impact of acoustic challenge on speech processing and memory increases as a person ages, older adults may engage in strategies that help them compensate for these demands. In the current preregistered study, older adults (n = 48) listened to sentences—presented in quiet or in noise—that were high constraint with either expected or unexpected endings or were low constraint with unexpected endings. Pupillometry and EEG were simultaneously recorded, and subsequent sentence recognition and word recall were measured. Like young adults in prior work, we found that noise led to increases in pupil size, delayed and reduced ERP responses, and decreased recall for unexpected words. However, in contrast to prior work in young adults where a larger pupillary response predicted a recovery of the N400 at the cost of poorer memory performance in noise, older adults did not show an associated recovery of the N400 despite decreased memory performance. Instead, we found that in quiet, increases in pupil size were associated with delays in N400 onset latencies and increased recognition memory performance. In conclusion, we found that transient variation in pupil-linked arousal predicted trade-offs between real-time lexical processing and memory that emerged at lower levels of task demand in aging. Moreover, with increased acoustic challenge, older adults still exhibited costs associated with transient increases in arousal without the corresponding benefits.
Relationship Between Resting State Functional Connectivity and Reading-Related Behavioural Measures in 69 Adults
Authors: Bathelt Joe , Rastle Kathleen , Taylor J. S. H.
Published: April 2024

In computational models of reading, written words can be read using print-to-sound and/or print-to-meaning pathways. Neuroimaging data associate dorsal stream regions (left posterior occipitotemporal cortex, intraparietal cortex, dorsal inferior frontal gyrus [dIFG]) with the print-to-sound pathway and ventral stream regions (left anterior fusiform gyrus, middle temporal gyrus) with the print-to-meaning pathway. In 69 typical adults, we investigated whether resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the visual word form area (VWFA) and dorsal and ventral regions correlated with phonological (nonword reading, nonword repetition, spoonerisms), lexical-semantic (vocabulary, sensitivity to morpheme units in reading), and general literacy (word reading, spelling) skills. VWFA activity was temporally correlated with activity in both dorsal and ventral reading regions. In pre-registered whole-brain analyses, spoonerisms performance was positively correlated with RSFC between the VWFA and left dorsal regions (dIFG, superior parietal and intraparietal cortex). In exploratory region-of-interest analyses, VWFA-dIFG connectivity was also positively correlated with nonword repetition, spelling, and vocabulary. Connectivity between the VWFA and ventral stream regions was not associated with performance on any behavioural measure, either in whole-brain or region-of-interest analyses. Our results suggest that tasks such as spoonerisms and spellings, which are both complex (i.e., involve multiple subprocesses) and have high between-subject variability, provide greater opportunity for observing resting-state brain-behaviour associations. However, the complexity of these tasks limits the conclusions we can draw about the specific mechanisms that drive these associations. Future research would benefit from constructing latent variables from multiple tasks tapping the same reading subprocess.
Electronic Visualization Laboratory's 50th Anniversary Retrospective: Look to the Future, Build on the Past
Authors: Johnson Andrew E. , Renambot Luc , Marai G. Elisabeta , Tsoupikova Daria , Papka Michael E. , Long Lance , Plepys Dana , Talandis Jonas , Brown Maxine D. , Leigh Jason , Sandin Daniel J. , DeFanti Thomas A.
Published: April 2024

September 2023 marks the 50th anniversary of the Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL) at University of Illinois Chicago (UIC). EVL's introduction of the CAVE Automatic Virtual Environment in 1992, the first widely replicated, projection-based, walk-in, virtual-reality (VR) system in the world, put EVL at the forefront of collaborative, immersive data exploration and analytics. However, the journey did not begin then. Since its founding in 1973, EVL has been developing tools and techniques for real-time, interactive visualizations—pillars of VR. But EVL's culture is also relevant to its successes, as it has always been an interdisciplinary lab that fosters teamwork, where each person's expertise contributes to the development of the necessary tools, hardware, system software, applications, and human interface models to solve problems. Over the years, as multidisciplinary collaborations evolved and advanced scientific instruments and data resources were distributed globally, the need to access and share data and visualizations while working with colleagues, local and remote, synchronous and asynchronous, also became important fields of study. This paper is a retrospective of EVL's past 50 years that surveys the many networked, immersive, collaborative visualization and VR systems and applications it developed and deployed, as well as lessons learned and future plans.
The Sum of All Fears: the Figure of the Anti/Metaphysical Jew in Heidegger’s Black Notebooks (and beyond)
Authors: Bielik-Robson Agata
Published: April 2024

My essay positions Heidegger’s Black Notebooks (Schwarze Hefte) in the light of the later transformation of his thought after die Kehre, which introduces a new motif: “the withdrawal of Being.” And while the Jewish question disappears from his official discourse, the essay poses it nonetheless, despite and against Heidegger’s silence: Does the diagnosis from the Black Notebooks, which perceives the Jew as the agent of metaphysical destruction, still stand? In my analysis, the figurative Jew emerges in a role which Heidegger refuses to recognize: as a positive agent of letting-be, acting in accordance with Being’s rhythm of self-withdrawal.
Semantic properties of prepositions
Authors: Staps Camil , Beukenhorst Martijn
Published: April 2024

In Biblical Hebrew, both min ‘from’ and be ‘in’ are used to mark causing arguments (Agents, Instruments, Reasons, …). Reference works list the thematic roles each preposition can mark, but do not address the differences between the two. We argue that the contrast is one of ‘dominance’: min-causers are more dominant than be-causers. They can fully determine the effect, whereas the effect of a be-causer can be altered or prevented. This distinction derives from the spatial meanings of these prepositions based on an abstract spatial representation of the causal domain. The object of min is a Source or Origin, which is interpreted as being the instigator of a causal chain, and thus having dominance over that chain from instigation to effect. By contrast, the Locative preposition be describes a location close to a Ground, which is interpreted as being able to cause an effect, but not necessarily in a dominant way.
Evidentiality in Middle Classical Tibetan
Authors: OISEL Guillaume
Published: April 2024

This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of Evidentiality in Middle Classical Tibetan. This is of great importance since Middle Classical Tibetan is the oldest system in typological studies yet identified that uses evidentiality beginning in at least the 15th century. This article also highlights the distinction between the notions of information source and information access in an evidential system. By using a morphosyntactic approach, the usage of evidentiality can be properly described in that language. Specifically, certain types of highly complex copula and auxiliary verb constructions, which had not been previously analyzed, can be used to demonstrate how evidentiality is grammaticalized in Middle Classical Tibetan. This approach avoids the pitfalls of lexical-only analyses, which have previously not been able to support a comprehensive and accurate description of evidentiality. Further, the intricate interaction between evidentiality, aspect, and epistemic modality reveals the subtlety and complexity of the system. Finally, the interaction between evidentiality and politeness register, reveals discursive complex social relationships which have not been previously described and the importance of social deixis in the study of evidentiality.
The development of zl in Tibetic languages
Authors: LIU Kitty Wenying
Published: April 2024

This article assesses five proposals for the development of Tibetic zl, which has modern reflexes including Lhasa Tibetan /_(ⁿ)d/. My assessment considers on their ability to account for zl’s modern reflexes, their plausibility from the perspective of phonetics, and their congruence with typological observations. I conclude that, at present, Bialek (2018)’s proposal is the most plausible. However, future research may produce comparative evidence that support Gong (2016)’s proposal. At the end, I outline a methodology for investigating the role of functional load in Tibetic consonant cluster mergers.
Echoing the Eleusinian World: Eleusinian Topoi and Sounds in Pindaric Epinician Poetry
Authors: Buè Francesco
Published: April 2024

The spheres of Eleusinian mystery cults and of the Panhellenic games have numerous points of contact, from a lexical point of view, as well as on the level of imagery, more particularly with reference to their respective soundscapes. The familiarity that Pindar and his audiences share with these two contexts seems to emerge throughout the epinician odes. Focusing on the Pindaric corpus, this article highlights the similarities and analogies that could have led the poet to put together (and to draw inspiration from) the Eleusinian mysteries with their jargon on the one hand, and the lexicon and imagery of eulogy embedded in the reality and representation of the Panhellenic games on the other. My double objective is to analyze this common repertoire of terminology and images, evoked by Pindar and recognizable to his audiences, and to shed fresh light on Pindar’s engagement with Eleusinian mysteries through a textual approach. More generally, what I attempt to demonstrate in this paper is that the Eleusinian world resonates in Pindaric epinician poetry.
Taxonomic relationship does not limit dietary assemblages in fish: an investigation in small freshwater fishes
Authors: Roy Sangeeta , Ray Santanu , Saikia Surjya Kumar
Published: April 2024

Foraging profitability is one of the significant factors affecting habitat selection in fishes. The food habits of the fish species vary seasonally due to the dynamic nature of their environment. For that, the dietary analysis of a fish is essential in the case of fish diversity research. Most of the variations in prey size consumed by piscivores were correlated to the differences in piscivore body size, which morphological constraints can explain. The present study aimed to investigate the ecomorphological assemblage of small indigenous freshwater fish species from smaller lentic freshwater bodies based on a range of morphological traits and evaluate fish assemblages with respect to the feeding guilds. Freshwater ponds around Birbhum district, West Bengal (India) were selected for the collection of fish species, namely Amblypharyngodon mola, Puntius sophore, Esomus danrica, Lepidocephalichthys guntea, Chanda nama, Parambassis lala, Trichogaster fasciata, Anabas testudineus and Glossogobius giuris. Morphometric and gut content analysis were done, and the trophic guild matrix, taxonomic distance matrix, and morphological matrix were calculated. The result showed a strong association between ecomorphological traits and trophic structure, indicating an independent assemblage pattern beyond the taxonomic influence.
Influence of Lake Breezes on the Triggering of Moist Convection on the Tibetan Plateau: A Large-Eddy Simulation Study
Authors: Zhang Yunshuai , Han Cunbo , Ma Yaoming , Fu Shizuo , Zuo Hongchao , Huang Qian
Published: April 2024

Applying 1D surface heterogeneity and observed atmospheric vertical profiles as initial conditions, two sets of large-eddy simulation experiments provided insight into the influence of lake size and soil moisture (SM) on the development of lake breezes and moist convection over land beside the lake. When the lake diameter increased from 20 km to 50 and 70 km, the maximum precipitation increased by 71.4% and 1.29 times, respectively. There are two reasons for larger precipitation over land in large-lake simulations: 1) Stronger and broader updrafts were found near the lake-breeze front (LBF); 2) the air at 2–4 km was moister, probably because more water vapor below 2 km was advected by the lake breezes and transported upward through turbulent exchange. Moreover, when the lake diameter increased from 20 km to more than 50 km, the deep moist convection (DMC) occurred 20 min earlier. This may be related to broader shallow convective cloud and larger vertical velocity of cloud-initiating parcels in large-lake simulations. Shallow moist convection transitioned to DMC earlier with broader clouds under moderate and high soil moisture conditions. Notably, stronger and broader updrafts near the LBFs, along with the advection of moisture induced by the lake breezes, caused the shallow moist convection to reach its peak 1 h earlier in the driest soil moisture case. However, smaller evapotranspiration could not provide sufficient moisture for the development of DMC. Our simulation results show that lake-breeze circulations are essential for the development of moist convections in the lake region.
Polarized Populists: Dark Campaigns, Affective Polarization, and the Moderating Role of Populist Attitudes
Authors: Nai Alessandro , Maier Jürgen
Published: April 2024

We investigate the antecedents of affective polarization in the American public, and focus specifically on the driving role of exposure to darker forms of campaign communication (negativity, incivility, populist rhetoric) and the intervening role of individual populist attitudes. Experimental evidence was gathered among a sample of US respondents (MTurk, N = 1,081); respondents were randomly exposed to a campaign message from a fictive candidate framed either positively or negatively, and afterwards asked to express their attitudes towards Democrats and Republicans. Results show that exposure to harsher forms of campaign negativity (character attacks associated with political incivility and populist messages) drives affective polarization upwards when compared to exposure to positive messages. We also show both a direct and moderating effect of populist attitudes: populist individuals are more likely to “like” negative campaign messages (they find them more amusing and fairer) and report higher levels of affective polarization. Furthermore, exposure to negative messages is associated with greater affective polarization particularly among respondents high in populist attitudes.
Prehospital Needle Decompression of Suspected Tension Pneumothorax: Outcomes and Consequences
Authors: Travis Harrison J. , Andry Gilbert V. , Rutner Colin C. , Lacy Elizabeth , Derouen Kaleb J. , Maristany Michael , Smith Alison A. , Greiffenstein Patrick P.
Published: April 2024

Tension pneumothorax (TPT) identified in the prehospital setting requires prehospital needle decompression (PHND). This study aimed to evaluate complications from PHND when it was performed without meeting clinical criteria. A retrospective review was performed of patients undergoing (PHND) from 2016 through 2022 at a level 1 trauma center. Patient data who received PHND were reviewed. Of 115 patients, 85 did not meet at least one clinical criterion for PHND. The majority of patients in this cohort 76 (89%) required a chest tube and 22 (25%) had an iatrogenic pneumothorax from PHND. 5 patients (6%) were admitted due to iatrogenic PHND. Two vascular injuries in this population were directly due to PHND and required emergency operative repair. This study shows the negative consequences of PHND when performed without clear indications. Several patients underwent unnecessary procedures with significant clinical consequences.
Clinical Longevity of Preoperative Injection of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Delayed Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Authors: Muanamputu Gael , Sparkman Brian K. , Louie Raphael J. , McGuire Kandace P.
Published: April 2024

Diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) represents about 25% of newly diagnosed breast cancers. There is debate about the benefit of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for further staging and guidance of therapy in patients with DCIS. Current guidelines recommend SLNB for patients undergoing breast-conserving therapy (BCT) for DCIS. Utilizing superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles as a tracer may allow for a delayed SLNB (d-SLNB), typically within a month of injection. We present our experience with a patient who due to complications from surgery could not complete her d-SLNB for 165 days. The SPIO tracer remained active in the lymph node and remained clinically useful for this five and a half month gap from time of injection. Further study is needed to determine the clinical longevity of SPIO in a lymph node.
Temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support During Bariatric Surgery: A Novel Bridge to Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device and Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: Sher Theo , Noom Madison , Ganam Samer , Sujka Joseph , Rinde-Hoffman Debbie , DuCoin Christopher
Published: April 2024

Advanced heart failure (HF) with comorbid severe obesity presents a unique surgical dilemma: bariatric surgery may help patients meet cardiac transplantation body mass index (BMI) criteria, but poor cardiac function puts them at increased intraoperative risk. Per International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) guidelines BMI > 35 is a contraindication for orthotopic heart transplantation. Temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS) with Impella 5.5 during bariatric surgery, as presented in this report, may help solve this dilemma for some patients. We present three patients with severe obesity and advanced heart failure (HF) who underwent successful bariatric surgery while supported by Impella 5.5 (Abiomed, Inc., Danvers, MA).
“The Prognostic Role of Aspartate Transaminase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) on Outcomes Following Non-emergent Minor Hepatectomy”
Authors: Patel Dhruv J. , LeCompte Michael T. , Jin Kim Hong , Gleeson Elizabeth M.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Fibrosis and cirrhosis are associated with worse outcomes after hepatectomy. Aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI) is associated with fibrosis and cirrhosis in hepatitis C patients. However, APRI has not been studied to predict outcomes after hepatectomy in patients without viral hepatitis.

Methods

We reviewed the ACS-NSQIP dataset to identify patients who underwent a minor hepatectomy between 2014 and 2021. We excluded patients with viral hepatitis or ascites as well as patients who underwent emergent operations or biliary reconstruction. APRI was calculated using the following equation: (AST/40)/(platelet count) × 100. APRI ≥0.7 was used to identify significant fibrosis. Univariable analysis was performed to identify factors associated with APRI ≥0.7, transfusion, serious morbidity, overall morbidity, and 30-day mortality. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify adjusted predictors of these outcomes.

Results

Of the 18,069 patients who met inclusion criteria, 1630 (9.0%) patients had an APRI ≥0.7. A perioperative blood transfusion was administered to 2139 (11.8%). Overall morbidity, serious morbidity, and mortality were experienced by 3162 (17.5%), 2475 (13.7%), and 131 (.7%) patients, respectively. APRI ≥0.7 was an independent predictor of transfusion (adjusted OR: 1.48 [1.26-1.74], P < .001), overall morbidity (1.17 [1.02-1.33], P = .022), and mortality (1.97 [1.22-3.06], P = .004). Transfusion was an independent predictor of overall morbidity (3.31 [2.99-3.65], P < .001), serious morbidity (3.70 [3.33-4.11], P < .001), and mortality (5.73 [4.01-8.14], P < .001).

Conclusions

APRI ≥0.7 is associated with perioperative transfusion, overall morbidity, and 30-day mortality. APRI may serve as a noninvasive tool to risk stratify patients prior to elective minor hepatectomy.
Life in abundance: Diet, Black health and spirituality in the Nation of Islam, 1930–1975
Authors: Duranton Nils
Published: April 2024

This article aims to analyse the relationship between the Nation of Islam and dietary rules, as well as to show how its doctrinal component is linked to a quest for an African American redemption. Although this Black nationalist organization claims to remain within the fold of the Islamic religion, historical research conducted in the 1990s and 2000s has stressed that its message is characterized by peculiar beliefs and religious practices. The author’s analysis relies on writings that were produced by the Nation of Islam – mainly, the two volumes of How to Eat to Live, authored by Elijah Muhammad. These dietetic teachings appear to bond the movement to various new religious movements, mainly of Christian inspiration. It appears probable that this set of beliefs was influenced by the German naturopath Arnold Ehret (1866–1922), thus leading to a significant difference with Sunni Islam.
Trends in Theorizing Sortition
Authors: Stone Peter , Plan Audrey M.
Published: April 2024

In recent years, political scientists have devoted increasing attention to sortition – the random selection of ordinary citizens for political decision-making. This has been accompanied by a number of real-world experiments in which randomly-selected bodies provide input into the political process. The result has been a large and growing literature on the topic. Recent contributions to that literature have detailed proposals for expanded use of sortition, most of which combine election and sortition in innovative and ambitious ways. The use of sortition in these proposals is justified in various ways, many of which involve the way random selection can generate bodies capable of high-quality deliberation. There is more controversy regarding the connection between sortition and democracy. Some regard sortition as a uniquely democratic selection mechanism, while others regard election and sortition as advancing competing democratic values, generating the need for a tradeoff between them. Future research on sortition will no doubt further explore both the value of sortition and its democratic credentials.
Machiavelli Against Sovereignty: Emergency Powers and the Decemvirate
Authors: Arum Eero
Published: April 2024

This article argues that Machiavelli’s chapters on the Decemvirate ( D 1.35, 1.40-45) advance an internal critique of the juridical discourse of sovereignty. I first contextualize these chapters in relation to several of Machiavelli’s potential sources, including Livy’s Ab urbe condita, Dionysius of Halicarnassus’s Roman Antiquities, and the antiquarian writings of Andrea Fiocchi and Giulio Pomponio Leto. I then analyze Machiavelli’s claim that the decemvirs held “absolute authority” ( autorità assoluta)—an authority that was unconstrained by either laws or countervailing magistrates. I proceed to argue that Machiavelli’s account of the decemvirs’ election contains a web of allusions to the lex regia, the “royal law” by which the Roman people were thought to have conveyed their sovereign power to an emperor. By modeling the decemvirs’ election on the lex regia, Machiavelli reveals the political limitations of the doctrine of popular sovereignty; moreover, he illustrates that even free and fair elections can easily give rise to tyranny.
Do Service Providers Play a Market Stewardship Role in Social Care Quasi-Markets, and Should They?
Authors: Green Celia , Carey Gemma , Malbon Eleanor
Published: April 2024

Market stewardship of social care quasi-markets has been an important area of inquiry. While most focus has been on central government stewardship, local level actors can also play a role. Using a case study of the Australian National Disability Insurance scheme, this article focuses on both how service providers can be market stewards and whether they should be. Findings suggest that while some aspects of market stewardship are appropriate for service providers to perform, others may be better done by different actors. We propose a preliminary framework for distributed stewardship to help join up the work of local level actors with central agencies.
Vanguard Visions of Vertical Farming: Envisaging and Contesting an Emerging Food Production System
Authors: Gugganig Mascha
Published: April 2024

Vertical farming is an emerging urban food growth proposal that has gained considerable attention for its ability to be space-efficient, independent of outside weather conditions, and to address a dismal agricultural system and ecoclimatic crises. VF is also a field riddled with debates on the unsustainability and high (energy) costs of a highly automated, indoor growth system that produces only a small range of perishable food. This paper explores arguments, visions, and internal disagreements among scientists, engineers, consultants, and entrepreneurs who form a heterogeneous, elite group of sociotechnical vanguards that popularize not yet widely accepted vanguard visions of future urban food production. It demonstrates that for the dominant vertical farm vanguard vision, a majority of vanguards borrow popular concepts and imaginaries from other sectors: containment of plant growth, cleanliness, the capability to feed the world, and the land-sparing narrative. The findings suggest three dimensions that add to the theorization of vanguard visions: the central role of mobilized problem-scripts; internal disagreements that indicate the contingency of vanguard visions and the existence of fringe visions; and that disagreements can reveal caveat politics, where a technical system, like VF, is not seen as the solution, but one of many.
Distorted flesh – Towards a non-speculative concept of social pathology
Authors: Sik Domonkos
Published: April 2024

The article aims at elaborating a non-speculative concept of social pathology. In the first section, various conceptualizations (e.g. Habermas, Honneth) are critically revaluated. It is argued that (a) applying the originally medical concept of ‘pathology’ on social entities has untenable connotations (due to the lacking social equivalent of death); (b) grounding social pathology on the level of ‘social suffering’ is not in accordance with the actors’ horizon shaped by biomedical- and psy-discourses. To avoid these dead-ends, social pathologies are reinterpreted as structural distortions causing diseases or mental disorders. To refine this initial definition, in the second section, Merleau-Ponty’s concept of chiasm is used as an ontological framework translating between medical and social diagnoses. The proposed concept of social pathology refers to those patterns of disrupted pre-intentional, intentional and mediated intertwining, which manifest as ill or psychopathological chiasm. In the third section, two case studies are elaborated: the intersubjective structures of depressed and asthmatic chiasm. Finally, the implications for critical theory and praxis are overviewed.
Exploring clozapine use in severe psychiatric symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder: A scoping review
Authors: da Rosa André Luiz Schuh Teixeira , Bezerra Olivia Sorato , Rohde Luis Augusto , Graeff-Martins Ana Soledade
Published: April 2024

Background:

Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may experience severe psychiatric symptoms, often unresponsive to conventional pharmacological therapies, highlighting the need for more effective alternatives.

Aims:

This study aims to map and synthesize evidence on the use of clozapine as a therapeutic option for managing severe psychiatric symptomatology co-occurring with ASD.

Methods:

We conducted a scoping review on multiple sources following the JBI guidelines. The search strategy was inclusive, targeting both peer-reviewed publications and gray literature presenting empirical data on the use of clozapine therapy for patients with ASD accompanied by comorbid psychiatric symptoms. Two independent evaluators performed the selection of studies, data extraction, and critical appraisal.

Results:

The review included 46 studies, encompassing 122 ASD individuals who received clozapine therapy. The sources of evidence comprise 31 case reports, 8 case series, 6 retrospective observational studies, and 1 quasi-experimental prospective study. The tables present the findings along with a narrative summary. Clozapine treatment demonstrated benefits in four groups of severe and treatment-resistant psychiatric symptoms in ASD patients: disruptive behaviors, psychotic symptoms, catatonia, and mood symptoms. Although side effects were common, tolerability was generally satisfactory. However, severe adverse events, such as seizures, moderate neutropenia, and myocarditis, underscore the need for intensive clinical monitoring.

Conclusions:

While clozapine shows promise as a pharmacological intervention for severe psychopathologies in ASD, more rigorous clinical studies are required to elucidate its efficacy and safety in this population. The limited robustness of the evidence calls for caution, signaling an early research stage into this topic.
The 2-tier grading system identifies canine cutaneous and/or subcutaneous mast cell tumors with aggressive biological behavior regardless of growth model
Authors: Sabattini Silvia , Brocanelli Alessia , Zaccone Riccardo , Faroni Eugenio , Renzi Andrea , Ciammaichella Luca , Bettini Giuliano , Marconato Laura
Published: April 2024

Histologic grading of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (cMCTs) has prognostic and therapeutic implications, yet validation for subcutaneous MCTs (scMCTs) is lacking. For scMCTs with or without dermal invasion, determining their biological behavior remains poorly standardized and sometimes sparks controversy. This prospective study aimed to assess the prognostic utility of the 2-tier histologic grading system in MCTs with different growth models (GMs) and explore the prognostic impact of the GM itself. We assessed 6 histologic GM categories: solely cMCT (C-SC0), cMCT with superficial (C-SC1) or deep subcutaneous (C-SC2) involvement, solely scMCT (SC-C0), and scMCT with deep (SC-C1) or superficial (SC-C2) infiltration of the dermis. Ninety-one MCTs from 76 dogs undergoing excision and regional/sentinel lymphadenectomy were examined. GM classification identified 11 (12%) C-SC0 tumors, 12 (13%) C-SC1, 15 (16%) C-SC2, 21 (23%) SC-C0, 15 (16%) SC-C1, and 17 (19%) SC-C2. Mitotic count, 2-tier grade, nodal involvement, surgical margins, and outcome were stratified according to GM. scMCTs lacking dermal invasion, historically associated with a benign clinical course, had a poor prognosis in 10% of cases. cMCTs exhibiting deep subcutaneous involvement included the largest percentage of high-grade tumors (33%), had the highest occurrence of overt nodal metastases (33%), and had the lowest 1-year survival rate (86%). Histologic grade was confirmed as a relevant prognostic factor, surpassing nodal involvement and histologic margin status. The 2-tier histologic grading enabled the identification of all MCTs with aggressive biological behavior, regardless of their cutaneous or subcutaneous location.
Exploring the Motivations and Personality Traits of Pro-Russian Collaborationists in Ukraine
Authors: Shymko Vitalii , Babadzhanova Anzhela
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the personality traits and motivations of collaborationists with Russian invaders in Ukraine. A focus group of individuals who knew collaborationists personally identified 14 collaborationism motives (CMs), which were used to interview 104 probation clients convicted of collaborationism. The study utilized the five-factor model developed by Costa and McCrae to evaluate individual characteristics. Categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA) reduced the 14 CMs to three dimensions: pragmatism, adaptation, and fear. The study found that individual factors promoting collaborationism included pragmatism, ideological adaptation to changing realities, and fear stemming from threats to the life and health of an individual and/or their relatives. The study provides insights into the psychology of collaborationism, which can be useful in designing resocialization programs during the probation period of collaborationists.