bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis on Causes of Deformation and Failure of Large Scale Underground Powerhouse
Authors: Dong Jin Yu , Yang Ji Hong , Yang Guo Xiang , Wu Fa Quan
Published: August 2011

Jinoping No.1 is a dominant reservoir cascade hydropower station which locates at the downstream of Yalong river. The underground powerhouse locates at the right bank of the dam, lithology is marble that belongs to the second member of Zagunao group. It is constructed at region with very complicated geological conditions and high geo-stress. Concrete cracking, spalling and steel buckling and bending occurred at the downstream crown after supporting. This paper analysed the causes of deformation and failure through geological analysis and numerical simulation, and concluded that deformation and failure mainly occurred at the region where the quality of surrounding rock belongs to Ⅲ1 and had nothing to do with the unstable block cut by cracks; stress field of surrounding rock varied continueously with the proceeding of successive excavation of underground powerhouse, so the compressive stress and shear stress concentration occurred which caused the compression and shear failure of downstream crown and made it bending to the free face. It is significant to the further enforcement of this project and to the research on other similar underground caverns theoretically and practically.
Study on the Reconstruction Implementation Barriers of Urban Shanty Towns of Harbin
Authors: Fang De Wei
Published: August 2011

Solving the housing problem for urban low-income people is one of important issues of the housing policy and urban planning in China. Shanty towns which were left from old days are now the main housing source for low-income populations; therefore, shanty town reconstruction has been taken as a resolution for solving housing problems for low-income people. However, the current land policy, real estate development policy, urban planning laws and regulations are insufficient in solving the shanty town reconstruction difficulties and more likely become barriers of it. A number of indicators such as building density, per capita living space, land prices and floor area ratio are used to determine how successful the shanty town reconstruction being implemented. In this article, a flexible solution on political and regulatory basis for solving shanty town reconstruction difficulties will be proposed by systematically analyzing various economical and technical indicators.
Structure Design for Green Building in some Residential Area in Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City
Authors: Qin Rong
Published: August 2011

There are six basic control items, land saving, energy saving, water saving, material saving, indoor environment and operation, among which, only material saving are related to structure design. We followed the green building design concept and the control items list in those standards during structure design of one of the residential area in Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city, which consist of 15~18-story residential building connected to a large underground garage, as is shown below.
Wind-Induced Responses Study and Wind-Resistant Design of Super-Long-Span Cable-Membrane Roof Structure of Shenzhen Baoan Stadium
Authors: Sun Wen Bo , Li Qing Xiang , Chen Han Xiang , Zhou Wei Jian
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the system and the design philosophy of wheel-spoke cable-membrane structure of Baoan Stadium is introduced firstly. And then the study of wind tunnel test on 1:250 scale model is mainly presented, together with the numerical calculation of the wind dynamic response. Finally, the wind-resistant design of the roof structure based on the results of wind tunnel test and the foreign design codes is generally introduced.
Project Application of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhou Shi Hua , Wang Zai Qin , Xiao Kai Tao
Published: August 2011

C40R60 High volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete were adopted for the continuously casting massive foundation slab of Tianjin Tower, which has a volume of about 20 000 m3, to decrease the risk of cracking during the construction process. Suitable raw materials and mix proportion were chosen. The properties of hardened concrete cured under different conditions were investigated. A mock-up of massive structure with the dimension of 4.5×4.5×4m was cast using determined concrete. The temperature development in the core of structure was measured. The results show that the temperature rise in the core is relatively low and the compressive strength curing under the standard condition for 60 days is 54.3MPa. HVFA concrete is much suitable to the massive concrete structure in which elevated temperature would be kept for a long time.
Lost Foam Casting of Hydroturbine Blades Based on CAE
Authors: Zhou Jian , Li Li Jun , Yi Jian Wen , Yang Ming
Published: August 2011

The article studies the method which hydroturbine part is manufactured by lost foam casting for obtaining higher quality product.The lost model material is polystyrene foam plastics,the EPS diameters are selected in 0.5-0.76mm,the casting raw material is lower carbon martensite stainless steel(ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo).The style of open pouring system is adopted, ∑Fin-gate：∑Fcross-gate：∑Fdown-sprue=1：1.1：1.2, fireproof coating is mixed and coated,square sand box is used. The pouring temperature of liquid is 1600-1650°C.If the technology is strictly according to the design,good quality casting can be gotten.
Investigation of Ecological Protection Plan for Deep Water Port City - Taking the Development Plan Investigation of Ningbo Meishan Island for an Example
Authors: Fang De Wei
Published: August 2011

Deep water coastline and ecological environment are natural resources that the development of port city will depend on. Driven by economy globalization, port city development is the inevitable choice to guarantee economic flow and promote sustainable development of trading. Especially in newly rising developing countries, the construction of port city and green city should be organically combined, and the ecological environment protection becomes the important work for construction of green port city. Meishan Island in Ningbo is just at the critical period for determing the long-term development orientation. Meishan Island is the only undeveloped area in Ningbo City, which has deep water coastline, land resources, ecological environment and cultural tourism resources. In early 2007, China Academy of Urban Planning and Design is appointed by Beilun District Government of Ningbo City to perform a demonstration of long-term development orientation for Meishan Island. The topic is “Investigation of Ningbo Meishan Island Development”. The development plan and ecological environment protection plan for deep water port city was investigated on the base of this project, and some references for investigation were provided on ecological environment protection plan for deep water port city. The natural geographical condition of Ningbo Meishan Island was introduced as well as its role in development of regional economy and society; performed factor analysis for ecological environment of Meishan Island. Considering the level of ecological protection plan, Meishan Island is divided into three areas by functions which are port city development zone, ecological buffer zone and ecological protection zone.
Activation of Slag Cement by Hydrated Lime
Authors: Naceri A , Bouglada M.S , Belouar A
Published: August 2011

In this experimental study, the setting agent Ca(OH)2 used for activation of slag cement is used in the proportions of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% by substitution method by mass of slag cement. The results indicated that the mineral activator has a significant effect on the flexural and compressive strengths. The optimum percentage of the mineral activator (hydrated lime) ranges between 2 to 4%. The activation of the slag cement by fine lime (calcium hydroxide) is a simple and economic method especially for cement containing not very reactive slag or low reactivity due to its low CaO/SiO2.
Adsorption of Bisphenol-A by HDTMA Modified Clinoptilolite
Authors: Wang Hong Yu , Zhang Hang Li , Zhao Qian , Huang Hui Fei
Published: August 2011

The adsorption of bisphenol-A (BPA) by hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA) modified clinoptilolite was presented. In this paper, the equilibrium adsorption of BPA by HDTMA modified clinoptilolite was described by Freundlich isotherm with a correlation coefficient's square (R2) of 0.988. The kinetics of adsorption was defined by second-order kinetics with a rate constant (Kv) of 1.98 g/mg/h. The absorption rate was fast, and the liquid solid equilibrium was accomplished within 180 minutes. The effects of initial solution pH, and reaction temperatures had been estimated, showing that the adsorption was enhanced gradually by increasing pH value.
Test and Design of Tensile-Compression Prestressed Concrete Beam
Authors: An Jing Bo
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the tensile-compression prestressed concrete beam was researched, and gets deflection of the beam subjected to load. Then, the beam was analyzed by the finite element method of ANSYS software. The test and analysis results show that the beam has a good flexibility and the phenomenon of stress concentration were appeared in ends concrete of pre-compressed steel tube. The pre-compressed steel tube control stress is 0.5 times the nominal value of steel tube, the concrete pre-tensile stress can be obtained effectively by relaxes pre-compressed steel tube. This paper further optimizes the dosage of pre-tensile tendon (Ap), pre-compressed steel tube (AT), tensile reinforcements (As)and compression reinforcements (A`s).The results from example show that the concrete structure of tensile-compression prestressed can reduce the pressure area height of the beam effectively and solving conventional prestressed concrete structure excessive or cannot reinforcement in pressure area.
Random Aggregate Generation and Mesoscale Modeling of Concrete under High Strain Rate Compression
Authors: Zhou Xiao Qing , Xia Yong
Published: August 2011

In the mesoscale modeling, concrete is assumed consisting of three components, i.e., coarse aggregates, mortar matrix, and the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), each with different material behavior. The shape and the percentage of the coarse aggregate are the key factors in the mesoscale numerical simulation. The present paper investigates the effect of the coarse aggregate shape on the concrete behavior under high strain rate compression. Simplified methods are adopted to construct the aggregate distribution. Three different aggregate shapes, i.e., circular, oval and polygons, are generated to model the gravel and crushed stone aggregates, respectively. Using these different aggregate shapes, concrete specimens under high strain rate compression are modeled. Numerical results show that the aggregate shapes have a significant effect on the crack path, whereas little effect on the overall responses of the concrete specimen.
Experimental Study of Green High Performance Concrete Strength Testing by Rebound Method
Authors: Kong Xu Wen , Cui Long , Wang Jin Shan
Published: August 2011

Compare experiment analysis effect of material, slump, carbonation depth on green high performance concrete strength by rebound method, analysis under questions based on microstructure: (1)Basic reason for additives and admixtures etc. impact rebound testing; (2) Significant differences of pumping concrete and plastic concrete; (3) Concrete carbonation depth impact rebound value. Provide the method for improving testing accuracy of green high performance concrete strength testing by rebound method.
Improvement on Electrical Properties of Screen-Printed Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells by Light-Induced Electroplating of Silver
Authors: Li Tao , Zhou Chun Lan , Liu Zhen Gang , Wang Wen Jing , Song Yang , Gao Zhi Hua , Duan Ye , Li You Zhong
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the improvement on electrical properties of screen-printed crystalline silicon solar cells by light-induced electroplating of silver is studied. Optical losses are analysed by the introduction of scale factor in the calculation. Electrical losses are mainly from the seed layer electrodes, top layer electrodes, the emitter, the base and the contact resistance between silicon and silver. Light-induced electroplating of silver is able to reduce the total power losses of screen-printed solar cells obviously by denser silver electrode. In experiment, the relative increments of I-V parameters as a function of electroplating time for crystalline silicon solar cells with 60μm, 75μm and 90μm wide seed layer electrodes are measured. After light-induced electroplating process, the cells efficiencies of 16.8%, 17.2% and 17.8% have reached on 60μm, 75μm and 90μm wide gridlines screen-printed solar cells, respectively. The calculated results and experimental data show good agreement. Due to the successful verification by comparing between numerical simulation and experimental data, the simulation results could be used to optimize the two-layer electrode structure and light-induced electroplating process.
Study on Deformation Property of EPS Concrete Under Impact Loading
Authors: Bai Er Lei , Xu Jin Yu , Gao Zhi Gang
Published: August 2011

The EPS concrete with 10%，20%，30%，40%，50% EPS volume fraction were prepared. Taking critical strain as the index, the deformation property of EPS concrete with different EPS volume fraction under impact loading were studied using a 100-mm-diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) apparatus. The results show that the deformation property of the EPS concrete increases with the average strain rate for the strain rate effect, which takes on obvious strain rate dependency. For the EPS microscopic structure effect, the deformation property of the EPS concrete increases with the EPS volume fraction in 0~40%. Its deformation property reduces somewhat when the EPS volume fraction reaches 50%. To improve the deformation property, the optimum volume fraction of EPS is 40%.
Calculation of Flexural Capacity of High-Strength Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with FRP
Authors: Liang Jiong Feng , Yang Ze Ping , Qiu Zhi Ming
Published: August 2011

The mechanical properties of high-strength reinforced concrete beams strengthened with FRP ( fiber reinforce polymer) are further investigated theoretically including it s failure mechanism and loadability,based on earlier theoretical works on RC beams. And the correlation equation of flexural capacity on the cross section of high-strength reinforced concrete beams strengthened with FRP is deduced according to different types of failure.The correlation equation is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results, which can be referred to engineering application.
The Study of Divalent Metal Ion Catalysts on Phenol-Formaldehyde Resol Resins
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Yi Fan
Published: August 2011

The curing characteristic of phenol-formaldehyde resol resins catalyzed with magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide was studied in this study.The effects of catalysts on chemical structure of phenol formaldehyde resin was investigated by fourier transform infrared.The results indicated that divalent metal ions catalysts played an important role influence both the cure rate and cure time.Phenol formaldehyde resin catalysed by diffierent catalysts showed diffierent addition of formaldehyde onto ortho positions of phenolic rings.The order of the divalent metal ions effectiveness studied in alkaline conditions is calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.
Technical and Economic Analysis of Thermal Insulation Coating
Authors: Li Jian Feng , Shen Yue , Suo Yuan
Published: August 2011

At present, the more common materials of exterior insulation in our country are the external heat-insulation wall of polystyrene panel, aerated concrete blocks and thermal insulation coating. Paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these three technologies. The results show that with the same thermal insulation property, the cost of thermal insulation coating is obviously lower than the other two. Meanwhile, the thermal insulation coating has a significant improvement on the anti-fire properties, which can eliminate the potential fire risk which may be caused by the external wall of polystyrene panels. In addition, the thermal insulation coating is more simple to construction. Finally, this paper introduces the development prospects of thermal insulation coating.
Experimental Study on Progressive Collapse Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures
Authors: Zheng Yong Kang , Xiong Jin Gang , Wu Zhao Qiang , He Yi Nong
Published: August 2011

The progressive collapse of the frame structure is simulated with testing a 1/3 scale, 4×2-bay and 3-storey reinforced concrete spatial frame in this paper. The experimental model was designed according to the non-seismic resistance demand, and the middle-side column of the bottom floor was replaced by a mechanical jack to simulate its initial local damage. Based on the experimental results, the applied load process and the load transferring mechanism of the model frame are analyzed. The progressive collapse-resisting performance of reinforced concrete frames with non-seismic demand are obtained.
Bearing Performance and Design Method of Aluminum Alloy Bolted Connections
Authors: Wang Yuan Qing , Yuan Huan Xin , Shi Yong Jiu , Zhang Gui Xiang
Published: August 2011

Served as the primary form of joints in aluminum structures, the bolted connection is of great necessity to be investigated. The bearing performance of aluminum alloy bolted connections was evaluated by test and finite element (FE) analysis. A total of 20 bolted connections were tested and the varying parameters incorporated screw diameter and end distance. The test results included the ultimate bearing capacities and relationship between applied load and bolt hole deformation. Numerical simulation for the test process was implemented; thereupon reliability and accuracy of the FE models could be validated by good agreement with test results. By virtue of the verified numerical model, elaborated analysis of principle variables including inner and outer plies, end distance, screw diameter, sheet thickness and so on was carried out. Compared to the current overly conservative design rules, a new design method that could make full use of the bearing capacity was proposed. The corresponding design value of bearing strength was also presented with reference to the recommended constructional provisions.
Research of In Situ Polymerization and Core-Shell Structure Modified Emulsified Asphalt
Authors: Wu Jin Liang , Zhang Yong Xing , Zhang Chun Sun
Published: August 2011

Nowadays, there are dominantly two ways of producing modified emulsified asphalt ,one of which is to emulsify modified asphalt, the other to modify asphalt emulsion. But they have the same defect that modifier cannot be evenly mixed with asphalt emulsion, which has side effect on the performance of modified emulsified asphalt. The emulsified asphalt and modifier have different traits in structure and property. In order to make the modifier disperse in asphalt emulsion evenly to improve the performance of modified emulsified asphalt, a tentative idea is brought forward: we shall utilize in-situ polymerization and core-shell structure to enhance feature of emulsified asphalt. Core-shell structure is a method of synthesizing composite material, which can assist to achieve sound effect of the two kinds of materials. The point to emphasize is, in this paper, the introduction and feasibility of the method, its specialty against current mainly methods, the difficulties encountered in practice as well as its promising prospect and the anticipated target to achieve will all be illustrated.
Experimental Research on Concrete Beams Being Strengthened Jointly by External Prestressing and Carbon Fiber Sheet
Authors: Wang Feng Guo
Published: August 2011

Base on two groups of comparison tests of bearing capacity of three rectangle section of steel concrete beams with different strength grades, the research analyzed the effect of concrete beams strengthened by carbon fiber sheet and strengthened jointly by carbon fiber sheet and external prestressing on the bearing capacity, failure modes, strain states, rigidity and ductility.The results show that bending resistance of steel concrete beams strengthened jointly by carbon fiber sheet and external prestressing can be improved obviously, and the usage performance and strengthened effect are obvious too.
The Influence of Calcination Temperature and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Honeycomb Platinum-Containing Cordierite Nanocomposite Catalysts via Incipient Wetness Impregnation Process
Authors: Hung Chang Mao
Published: August 2011

This work describes the platinum-containingcordieritenanocompositematerials were synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation process with aqueous solutions of H2PtCl6, Pd(NO3)3and Rh(NO3)3that were coated on cordierite ceramic honeycomb substances followed by calcinations temperature ranging from 973 to 1273 K. The nanocomposite materials were characterized by STEM, with a particle size around nanoscale particle sizes (~100 nm) with high dispersion phenomena. Further, cell cytotoxicity and the percentage cell survival was determined by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5(3-carboxymethoxyphenol)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazoli um (MTS) assay on human fetal lung tissue cell (MRC-5). The experimental results show that the platrinum-containingcordieritenanocompositematerials only minor cause cytotoxicity effect in cultured human cells.
Investigating Mix Proportions of Lightweight Expanded Polystyrene Concrete
Authors: Xu Yi , Jiang Lin Hua
Published: August 2011

An experimental program was carried out to obtain the density and compressive strength of lightweight expanded polystyrene (EPS) concretes. Tauchi’s approach was adopted to reduce the numbers of experiment. Four control factors and two responses were used. The results show that EPS dosage had the most significant effect on density and compressive strength. The density value of EPS concrete showed an almost linear decrease as the volume of EPS and W/C parameters increased, but results in a decrease in compressive strength.
Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Coefficient for Foam Glass Exterior Thermal Insulation Wall
Authors: Luo Yi Ying , Yang Xue Bin , Yu Zong Min , Xiong Hou Ren , Jiang Hai Bin
Published: August 2011

The heat transfer coefficients of two foam glass exterior thermal insulation walls were tested by weather-resistant testing instrument and heat flow meter. The experimental values were compared with the theoretical values. The results show that with the temperature differences Δt>20 °C, the testing errors of two walls are smaller than 1% and 3% respectively. In view of thermal performance, testing accuracy and operability, the test program is practicable to meet the testing requirement with a temperature difference greater than 20 °C and without seasonal restrictions. In the zones without heating such as hot summer and cold winter zone, therefore, the weather-resistant testing instrument (i.e. temperature control box) and heat flow meter can be used to test the heat transfer coefficient of a wall.
Research on Improvement Algorithm of Model Free Learning Adaptive Controller
Authors: Qin Pin Le , Lin Yan , Chen Ming
Published: August 2011

To improve the convergence rate of model-free learning adaptive controller (MFLAC) and decrease difficulty of parameters choice in control law, a new design method of MFLAC is presented. The controller proposed in this paper is designed based on pseudo gradient concept with solution by introducing multi-innovation method. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, numerical example is shown.
Research the Formulation of Triazophos Microemulsion
Authors: Gong Da Liao , Zhao Feng , Xia Hong Ying , Wu Ya Qian
Published: August 2011

Based on physical chemistry pseudo ternary phase diagram and orthogonal experimental method, the method of the component and preparation of pesticide microemulsion was discussed in detail. The heat storage and cold storage tests were used as an indicator to examine the stability of the formulations we obtained. Finally, the best formulation was obtained as follows: triazophos (2.946%), surfactant DK90 (7.232%), ethanol (4.821%), stabilizer A (0.4841%), distilled water (84.52%). Experimental results show that our method is simple, scientific and effective. It is beneficial for us to select the microemulsion formulation.
Effect of Solution Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ZL114A Alloy
Authors: Shi De Quan , Gao Gui Li , Gao Zhi Wei , Wang Xu Dong
Published: August 2011

By using the universal mechanical testing machine and electric microscope, the effect of solution parameters on the mechanical properties of ZL114A aluminum alloy has been studied. The experimental results lead to the following conclusions. With the increase of solution temperature, the eutectic silicon gradually become round, and the roundness of solution at 550°C/10h is good. The tensile strength and hardness will increase, and the elongation rate will rise and then drop when the solution temperature increases. Along with the increase of solution time, the tensile strength and hardness will increase and then decrease, however, the elongation rate has been rising. When the water temperature is below 40°C, the satisfied mechanical properties can be got. The optimal solution temperature and time are 540±5°C/10h and the water temperature is below 40°C.
Deformation Analysis of Lateral Support of 600mm Aperture Interferometer Mirrors
Authors: Liu Zhao Dong , Chen Lei , Yang De Hua , Han Zhi Gang
Published: August 2011

The deformations of the 600mm aperture interferometer mirrors induced by gravity and supporting forces must be controlled strictly to ensure the accuracy of the large aperture interferometer to achieve 63nm. The mirror deformations induced by two types of forces and four axial distribution positions are analyzed respectively by finite element method. And the deformed interference wavefront are simulated by synthesizing deformations of reference flat and test flat mirrors. The maximum deformed interference wavefront formed by the cosine wave force at the middle of the mirrors and the minimum formed by the square wave force at the periphery of the mirrors. The peak to valley value varies 30nm and root mean square value varies 2.8nm between them. The measurement accuracy of large aperture interferometers can be improved by adjusting the force distributions and supporting positions of the mirrors according to the analysis.
Improved Design for the Device of Biomass Pyrolysis
Authors: Li Hui , Ma Xin Hui
Published: August 2011

On account of the problems which often appeared in the biomass pyrolysis device, a new set of improved biomass pyrolysis device was designed. It contains four parts: feed system, fluidized bed, cyclone separation system and condenser system. It has mainly solved the problems through the improved equipment as below: blind arch phenomenon in feed bucket, feed pipe jammed and the feed system leakage; when it makes pyrolysis experiment, the sand grains are easy to be carried out of the fluidized bed ; the cyclone separator separation efficiency is low; the condensation speed is slow and so on.
Mechanical and Magnetic Analysis of Giant Magnetostrictive Transducer
Authors: Wang Xiao Yu , Wu Jing Jing , Jia Zhen Yuan , Tan Xiao Dong
Published: August 2011

The giant magnetostrictive transducer is a prospective kind of transducer for precession position and actuator utilization. The transducer design need cooperated with the mechanics, electrics and magnetics knowledge. It designs the giant magnetostrictive transducer and employed the finite element method to simulate and analysis the transducer’s prestress mechanism and modal analysis, Meanwhile, It uses the Ansoft software simulated and calculated the electrical and magnetical performance of the designed transducer. It presents the calculating method of the actuator’s mechanical, magnetic and thermal system, and utilizes the finite element method to analysis the actuator’s prestress mechanism, modal mode, permanent and electromagnetic magnetic circuit. The simulation results verified the design is reasonable and effective. The discussion of the model, analysis and simulation method of the transducer can direct the future transducer design and manufacture.
Marbles Filter Based on Optical Fiber Sensor
Authors: Zhang Hai Feng , Wang Ying
Published: August 2011

By introducing the principle,classification and characteristics of optical fiber sensor ,we can understand the optical fiber sensor to some extent.Based on this,it introduces a filter which is used in lockmaking industry.This device is mainly made up of vibrating disk,optical fiber sensor and solenoid valve.By this filter,including vibration,detection and blowing,we can distinguish different kinds of marbles, also,we can distinguish the front-end and back-end of some kind of mables to meet special need.In this case,just connecting every part to each other and make a special angle of fiber head,then,the filter can distinguish marbles automatically an it improves the efficiency heavily.
Miscibility and Liquid Crystallinity Studies of Chitosan/Ethylcellulose Blends
Authors: Liu Peng Tao , Miao Hong , Liu Zhong
Published: August 2011

The miscibility of chitosan/ethylcellulose (CH/EC) blends was studied by FT IR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The regular changes of FT IR and WAXD spectra of CH/EC blend powder indicated the miscibility of the blends. DSC curves and SEM images of cross-sections of the blends films showed partly miscibility. CH/EC blends could form anisotropic phase in their formic acid solutions observed on a polarizing light microscope (PLM).
Effect of Elastic Materials on Pressure Comfort of Tight-Fit Bra
Authors: Zhuo Wang Li , Sheng Chen Dong , Wei Qu Fu , Bin Lin
Published: August 2011

This study seeks to design and develop tight-fit bra that provide wearing comfort. Five different elastic material commercial bras of size 75A have been tested on three healthy females.The elasticity of different fabrics had been tested with the method of load at specified elongation by using YG（B）026H electronic fabric strength machine. The pressure values have been measured 2 hours after wearing the tight-fit bras using an AMI-3037-5S Air-pack pressure measuring system. The test points were choosed at the hem of bras where the strong pressure will often cause very serious skin traces and the wearer will feel uncomfortable. The results showed that the clothing pressure values were affected by the materials’ tensile resistance, body radius of curvature and the BMI of females. There are smaller clothing pressure and more comfortable when wearing lower tensile resistance of elastic material the tight-fit bra.
Determination of Iridium in Platinum Jewelry Alloys by ICP-AES
Authors: Gao Rui Feng , Du Yuan Yuan , Yang Pei
Published: August 2011

A method for the determination of iridium impurity in platinum jewelry alloys by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was reported. Spectral interferences of Au, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pt to Ir at specific wavelengths have been investigated. The spectral coincidence profiles were recorded and interfering lines were identified. The optimum analytical line of 38 iridium emission lines was 215.268 nm {156}. Ir 212.681 {158} and Ir 205.116 nm {164} can be used as analytical lines after rectified by Inter-Element Corrections (IEC) coefficients. Ir 186.250 nm is a new candidate analytical line. Ir 224.268 nm is not being recommended by reason of the severe spectral interference from Cu and Ni. Ir 322.08 nm is not being recommended for its weaker emission intensity. Validation was performed in terms of detection limits, linearity, precision and recovery. The relative standard deviations (RSD) and recoveries of the method are in the range of 0.59%~1.84% and 85.5%~93.2%, respectively.
Determination of Benzopyrene in Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke
Authors: Yu Bao Hua , Jing Yan Qiu , Liu Jian Jun , Li Huai Qi , Zhang Xin Hua , Qu Xiao Ran , Lei Jin , Zhu Jin Feng
Published: August 2011

Inder order to determine Benzopyrene (BaP) in Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke, a Solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge was used to isolate the BaP fraction from the total particulate matter of mainstream cigarette smoke and sidestream cigarette smoke and the BaP were measured by RP-HPLC with ultraviolet detection. The result showed that the recovery rate of BaP extracted is 94.5%, compared with the relative standard of 6.95%. The yields of BaP in mainstream smoke for Virginia cigarette are higher than those for blended cigarettes. The yields of BaP in sidestream smoke are much higher than those in mainstream smoke. The proposed method involves an solid phase extract and HPLC-UV analysis procedure. With this method, the BaP yields in mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke can be measured fast, easily and precisely using readily available apparatus and instruments.
Application of Modified Self-Adaptive Kalman Filter in Integrated Navigation System of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Sun Yu Shan , Li Wen Jiang , Qin Zai Bai , Chen Hong Li , Li Ji Qing
Published: August 2011

Owing to the complex operating environment of underwater vehicles, many uncertainties of sensors data, big noises of sensors , low precision and high rate of wild points of underwater acoustic sensors, data processing of motion sensors data for underwater vehicle navigation system becomes extremely important. The integrated navigation system of autonomous underwater vehicle based on dead-reckoning is introduced. An modified adaptive Kalman filter is adopted for underwater vehicle sensors information data processing. Experimental results show that the modified self-adaptive Kalman filter(SAKF) is effective, and can meet the underwater robots perform a variety of tasks in the navigation and positioning accuracy..
The Study on Surface Chemistry of Nanoporous Black Si Layers
Authors: Li Wang
Published: August 2011

We reported our detailed investigation of the microstructure and surface chemistry of nanoporous black Si layers using transmission electron microscopy techniques such as HRTEM, EDS, and EELS. We found that a one-step nanoparticle-catalyzed liquid etch creates deep conical nanovoids. The cones provide the density-graded surface that suppresses reflection. The surface of the as-etched nanoporous black Si is an amorphous Si suboxide (SiOx) produced by the strongly oxidizing nanocatalyzed etch. The c-Si/suboxide interface is rough at the nanometer scale and contains a high density of point defects.
Isolation and Screening of Acetochlor-Degrading Strain and its Degradation Characteristics
Authors: Zeng Wei Ai , Zhao Song Yi , Li He , Zeng Min
Published: August 2011

The acetochlor residue in the tobacco cultivated soils was inclined to affect the growth of tobacco. In this study, regarding the acetochlor as the inorganic salt medium with the sole carbon source, we obtain the acetochlor-degrading bacteria from the tobacco cultivated soil through isolation and screening, numbering as CSUFTM78. Under the view of the microscopy, the bacteria has a rod shape and no spore with the size of 0.8 ~ 1.5 × 0.4 ~ 0.6μm; in the medium, the colonies are opaque, white, round, convex with neat edge and moist and shiny surface. Then determine the concentration of acetochlor which was directly added into the liquid medium and the phote-absorbance of strain number using UV spectrophotometer. The results indicate that the strain CSUFTM78 can grow in the inorganic salt medium which regards quinclorac as the sole carbon source; besides, the degradation rate was up to 38%. By determining the 16S sequence of CSUFTM78 strain, the homology of GENBANK in BLAST reaches more than 99% with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (HQ185399). By constructing a phylogenetic tree, strain CSUFTM78 and S. maltophilia were integrated into one with the confidence of 100%. Combined with the morphological characteristics of strains, we identify the CSUFTM78 as S.maltophilia and the results can provide both strains and theoretical basis for degrading the acetochlor residual in tobacco cultivated soil using microorganism.
The Effects of Filter Ventilation on Flavor Constituents in Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Jing Yan Qiu , Li Guang Liang , Liu Jian Jun , Huang Hai Tang , Hu Hong Min , Zhang Hong Li , Xie Xiao Hui , Zhu Jin Feng
Published: August 2011

In order to study the effects of filter ventilation on flavor constituents in cigarette smoke, the deliveries of 20 added flavor constituents (showed in table 2) and routine components (including TPM, nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide and water) in cigarette mainstream smoke were studied when filter ventilation were 0, 10%, 30%, 50% and 70% respectively. The flavor substance test was done by addition of standard samples. The flavor constituents were identified and determined quantitatively by gas chromatopraphy -mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and capillary gas chromatography (GC) and their condensate were separated by simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) and GC. The deliveries of routine components in mainstream smoke were determined according to international standard methods. It was found that the flavor constituents and routine components in mainstream smoke decreased in different proportions as the filter ventilation increased. Carbon monoxide and tar decreased more than nicotine. The flavor constituents with lower boiling points and molecular weights decreased more than those with higher. With the increase of filter ventilation, not only is the amount of smoke components reduced and the smoke taste weakened, but also the composition of smoke is modified and the quality of aroma changed slightly. Therefore, when low-tar cigarettes are made through the use of ventilation technology, different constituents and their changes should be taken into account in order to determine appropriate leaf group blending and flavoring.
Effect of Different Ratio of Cake Fertilizer and Inorganic Fertilizer on Free-Amino Acids in Burley Leaves
Authors: Jing Yan Qiu , Liu Jian Jun , Li Guang Liang , Hong Yang , Zhang Xin Hua , Xue Li Xin , Xie Xiao Hui , Le Jin
Published: August 2011

A Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method was developed for determining free Amino Acids in Burley Tobacco. The test was done by OPA/3-mercaptopropionic Acid as the pre-column derivatising reagent. Chromatographic column was Elitte C18 column (4.6mm×250mm i.d., 5um). Mobile phase A was 18mmol/L NaAc (PH=7.2) including 0.002% (v/v) triethylamine and 0.3% (v/v) furanidine. Mobile phase B was 100 mmol/L NaAc (PH=7.2) -Acetonitrile- methanol (v/v=1:2:2). The column temperature was 40°C and the flow rate was 1.0ml/min. The fluorescence detector was used with 350nm excitation wave length and 450nm emission wave length. The average recoveries of the method ranged 95.3% to 100.7% with the relative standard deviation of 2.32%~9.24%. The method is simple, accurate and has good repeatability. The results of the determination of seventeen kinds of free amino acids in burley leaves which were produced by way of different ratio of cake fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. The results show that aspartic acid has the highest content however ratio of cake fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. The most contents of free amino acids are increased and then gradually decreased with the increase of organic manure. The most contents of free amino acids are very close at the ratio of 15%:85% ratio and 30%:70% between cake fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. The total content of free amino acids is the highest at the ratio of 30%: 70% between cake fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. Considering comprehensively, the quality of burley leaves is the best at the ratio of 30%:70% between cake fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer.
Synthesis of CdS/CdCO3 Core/Shell Structural Nanocrystals Potentially Used for Solar Cell via Hydrothermal Route
Authors: Xu Rong Hui , Wen Jiu Ba , Ren Feng Zhang
Published: August 2011

Synthesis of CdS/CdCO3Core/Shell semiconductor nanocrystals potentially used for solar cell via hydrothermal route is presented. Water-soluble crystallites with wurtzite crystal structure (CdS), hexagonal structure (CdCO3) with strong photoluminescence are prepared. The synthesis is based on the separation of the nucleation and growth stages of core and shell by controlling some crucial factors such as temperature, pH, ratio and concentration of reactant mixture. Bare wurtzite structural CdS nanocrystallites were synthesized by using cadmium acetate and thiourea as precursors. Ostwald ripening process under high temperature leads to high sample quality. Photoluminescence of nanocrystals with Core/Shell Structure and bare nanocrystals was compared and analysed. Nanocrystals with Core/Shell Structure have stabler performance of photoluminescence than CdS bare nanocrystallites because of the shell. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction indicate the presence of bulk structural properties in crystallites as small as 5nm in diameter. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy was used to characterize core/shell structure of as-prepared NCs. Ultra-stability and super strong photoluminescence emission of as-prepared CdS/CdCO3Core/Shell semiconductor nanocrystallites indicates its potentially practical value in NCs solar cell.
Molten Slag Structure and Diffusion Coefficients of Cr3+ and Si4+ during Micro-Carbon Cr-Fe Alloy Production
Authors: Min Yi , Huang Jian , Liu Cheng Jun , Jiang Mao Fa
Published: August 2011

Based on the silicate structure theory, the molten slag structure and the existential state of and during micro-carbon Cr-Fe alloy production process were analysised, and then their diffusion coefficients were calculated. The results showed that, during the initial stage, the average diffusion coeffecient of and is close to the , the reaction process is controlled by the diffusion of () and corporately, during the later stage, the diffusion coefficient of is less than average diffusion coefficient of and , the controlling step is the diffusion of . According to the evolution of diffusion coefficient, molten slag composition optimization method was advised to increase the diffusion ability of and for enhancing the reaction efficiency and the recovery rate of chromium.
Dynamic Crushing of Hexagonal Honeycombs under In-Plane Loading
Authors: Zhang Xin Chun
Published: August 2011

The in-plane dynamic crushing of hexagonal honeycombs was numerically studied by means of explicit dynamic finite element method using ANSYS/LS-DYNA. Under the assumption that the edge length and thickness were the same, the metal honeycomb models filled with convex and concave cells were established. And then the effects of expanding angle and impact velocity on the plateau stress and the energy absorption capacities of hexagonal honeycombs were discussed in detail. Numerical results show that the energy absorption capacities of convex hexagonal honeycombs are stronger than the concave ones. These results will provide some useful guides for the dynamic energy absorption design of cellular materials.
Design of Loader Working Device Based on SolidWorks
Authors: Guo Rong Chun , Zhou Jin
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the basic theory of Virtual Design was described and the application of 3D design software SolidWorks 2009 in loader working device was introduced as well. In SolidWorks 2009, Loader working device was taken for example to discuss the process of parametric modeling. Meanwhile, it could be approved from the virtual assembly process of working device that the whole process was fully in line with the assembly process in actual production.
Study on a Novel Adaptive Force Control Table Employed for Rotary Ultrasonic Drilling
Authors: Liu Li Ping , Lin Bin , Fang Feng Zhou
Published: August 2011

A novel adaptive force control table for rotary ultrasonic machine tool was developed for processing micro holes. The adaptive force control table, a mechanical balancing device by which the load can be adaptively adjusted without numerical control was adopted as an attachment in an ultrasonic machine tool. To verify the performance, micro holes were drilled on SiC workpiece. The drilling force, tool wear and profiles of these machined micro holes were investigated. According to the experimental results, it is confirmed that the newly developed table attached on the ultrasonic machine tool is an economical and efficient approach for machining micro holes on hard and brittle materials.
Study on Weld Seam Control and Thickness Distributing of Tailor-Welded Blanks Drawing
Authors: Wang Zhong Tang , Qi Guang Xia , Zhang Shi Hong
Published: August 2011

Deep drawing of square boxes of tailor-welded blanks (TWBs) was studied by experiment and simulation in this paper. When the tailor-welded square boxes with different thickness was drawn to square boxes, the weld seam moved towards the thick part on the bottom and towards the thin part on the wall of square boxes. If the blank-holder force was very small, the wrinkling will happen on the thin part. If the blank-holder was very large, fracture will occur on thin part. Draw beads and non-uniform blank-holder force were investigated to control the deformation of the TWBs workpieces in this paper. When using the draw beads during TWBs drawing, using draw beads in both sides was better measures to control the movement of the weld seam. When non-uniform blank-holder force was used to control the movement of weld seam of tailor-welded blanks, it should be choice that the non-uniform blank-holder force on thick part was a half of that on thin part. It was shown that draw beads give better effects on the control of TWBs drawing than other methods. The variation of thickness was little in the bottom, and the variation of thickness was obviously in the corner of bottom. The maximal variation of thickness of TWBs workpieces on different area was both about 90.1%.
Simulation of Dynamic Characteristic for Parallel Machine Tool
Authors: Zhu Chun Xia , Luo Ji Man , Li Bin
Published: August 2011

The dynamic characteristics of parallel 3-TPT machine tool are researched by simulation and experiment in this paper. Firstly, modal analysis principle of machine tool was analyzed in theory, and the parameters of dynamic characteristic were identified by theoretical analysis. Then vibration model of parallel machine tool was built in ADAMS and formed vibration system of rigid and flexible coupling for simulation analysis, and from the simulation results got the value of parameters for vibration characteristic of parallel machine tool. The simulation results showed that the simulation method and result dates are validated, which provides reference for dynamic optimal design.
Fault Diagnosis of Automobile Engine Based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: Wang De Jun , Li Meng , Liu Chao , Sun Jia Nan
Published: August 2011

A Vehicle simulation model is built by AMESim software. During the Electronic Stability Program (ESP) running on, the cases of varieties about system variables are investigated based on the automobile dynamic model. Fault modes of actuators and sensors in ESP are built up. And data-fault is acquired. Support Vector Machine (SVM) based on classification is applied for fault diagnosis of the ESP system. The basic idea is to identify the information and classify new fault samples by using the trained SVM model. Finally, simulation examples are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Cosine Second Order Robot Trajectory Planning Method
Authors: Xie Zong Wu , Li Cao , Liu Hong
Published: August 2011

A new joint space trajectory planning method for the series robot is proposed. Comparing with the traditional path planning methods which can only guarantee the planned trajectory velocity or acceleration continuous, the proposed trajectory planning algorithm can also ensure the derivative of acceleration (Jerk) continuous within a limit threshold. At the end of this paper, the proposed path planning algorithm is validated of having a great performance on robot trajectory tracking.