bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sodium alginate-supported AgSr nanoparticles for catalytic degradation of malachite green and methyl orange in aqueous medium
Authors: Younas Umer , Ameen Mafia , Perviaz Muhammad , Shahzadi Gulshan , Fatima Arene , Ali Faisal , Ahmad Ikram , Saeed Zohaib , Ashraf Adnan , Aldossari Samar A. , Sheikh Mohammed , La Moonwoo , Park Sung Jea
Published: September 2024

In the last few years, metal nanoparticles (NPs) have become one of the major components in the field of nanotechnology. NPs with fascinating and tunable properties (size and shape) have provided solutions for many problems including water pollution which has now become alarming in the current era. Herein, natural polymer-supported AgSr bimetallic NPs have been synthesized. For this purpose, sodium alginate (Na-Alg) was used as a stabilizer along with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent. The synthesized Na-Alg-supported AgSr NPs were characterized employing UV–Vis, FTIR, SEM, and XRD techniques. The spectrophotometric analysis confirmed the formation and SEM and XRD confirmed the size of NPs up to 24.18 and 12.95 nm, respectively. These NPs were tested for catalytic degradation potential against malachite green (MG) and methyl orange (MO) dyes in the aqueous medium. The catalytic activity of NPs was evaluated in terms of kinetics and percent removal of the dyes. The results revealed that the MO dye was degraded in 21 min with a removal efficiency of 86.45% and MG dye in 24 min with 91.74%. Catalytic degradation of MO and MG dyes was also monitored in the absence of AgSr NPs which showed no catalytic degradation of dyes even after half an hour. The study has confirmed that biopolymer-supported NPs can be synthesized with suitable morphology for catalytic applications and these NPs can be further used for the removal of dyes from aqueous medium.
Die Ungleichheit der zu versteuernden Vermögen in der Schweiz während der Covid-19-Pandemie
Authors: Krapf Matthias
Published: September 2024

Die Schweiz zählt zu den wenigen Ländern, die noch eine Vermögensteuer erheben. Dies ermöglicht eine Schätzung der Vermögensungleichheit, wie sie Matthias Krapf in diesem Beitrag vornimmt. Nachdem die Vermögensungleichheit in der Schweiz in den 2010er Jahren zugenommen hatte, blieb sie im ersten Covid-19-Jahr 2020 weitgehend stabil, stieg aber 2021 wieder deutlich. Trotz der eingeschränkten Konsummöglichkeiten infolge der Pandemie lassen die Daten in beiden betroffenen Jahren keine außergewöhnliche Ersparnisbildung erkennen. Unterschiede in der Portfoliozusammensetzung zwischen den Vermögensklassen könnten eine größere Rolle bei der unterschiedlichen Entwicklung der Vermögensungleichheit in den beiden Jahren spielen. Besonders ausgeprägt ist die Vermögensungleichheit nach wie vor in den Kantonen der Zentralschweiz.
Intelligent sportswear design: Innovative applications based on conjugated nanomaterials
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxi , Li Mengyu , Zhao Jianzhong , Wang Xu
Published: September 2024

Sport plays a crucial role in human society, fostering physical health, collaboration, and the spirit of rivalry. The importance of sports in promoting a sense of well-being, self-control, and cognitive sharpness should be considered. The efficacy of sports and athletic performance often relies on the caliber of clothing used. Traditional sportswear encounters many issues, including but not limited to restricted breathability, inefficient moisture management, and insufficient ultraviolet (UV) protection. To examine these concerns, the present study investigates the Intelligent Sportswear Design (ISWD), an innovative advancement rooted in conjugated nanomaterials. The field of ISWD covers the development of sports apparel and footwear specifically intended to boost performance and provide optimal comfort. Coatings of graphene, silver nanoparticles, and environmentally friendly green nanomaterials are employed in these multipurpose PES fabrics. This research looks at how we might better protect athletes from the sun by developing fabrics with UV-blocking qualities. Results show increased moisture-wicking efficiency, better UV-radiation protection, and enhanced electrical conductivity. The study found that fabric moisture management could be improved by 25%, UV-blocking performance could be increased by 30%, fabric conductivity could be increased by 15%, and heat retention could be decreased by 20%. The experimental results show that the proposed ISWD exhibits notable performance in several necessary measures, including moisture-wicking effectiveness (23.22%), UV-blocking performance (34.22%), fabric conductivity (20.88%), heat retention reduction (26.94%), and UV radiation shielding (35.68%).
Role of different cavity flame holders on the performance characteristics of supersonic combustor
Authors: Shajahan Shaik , Gugulothu Santhosh Kumar , Muthyala Raju , Barmavatu Praveen
Published: September 2024

The study’s primary goal was to assess the effects of different geometrical configurations of cavity flame holders on the performance characteristics of an H2-based scramjet combustor overall efficiency, focusing on mixing efficiency, combustion performance, and total pressure loss. Key findings indicate that incorporating a cavity into the combustor design leads to developing a robust recirculation zone within the cavity area. This recirculation zone is pivotal in enhancing fuel-air mixing and combustion efficiency, with cavity-based combustors showing an earlier onset of combustion and achieving peak combustion efficiencies around 90–95 %. The extent of the recirculation region is notably influenced by the proximity of the strut injector to the cavity’s length. This shock interaction can adversely affect scramjet combustor performance, especially at higher cavity angles (α) and specific geometric configurations, such as an L/D ratio of 4 and α = 30°. This advantage is critical, especially considering the compact length of the combustor, which is a desirable attribute in scramjet design.
Small-Sided Games in Handball: A Narrative Review
Authors: Clemente Filipe Manuel
Published: September 2024

Small-sided games (SSGs) are widely used drill-based games that mimic the dynamics of a match while allowing coaches to tailor specific objectives, such as inducing physiological/physical stimulus or developing technical/tactical behaviors. Interestingly, by designing the SSGs with different modifications, player's responses can occur with a potential impact on the physical adaptations of players. With growing evidence about using SSGs in handball, there is now an opportunity to summarize the main acute effects induced by different task constraints. Furthermore, there is also an increasing body of evidence that can help coaches decide on the effectiveness of SSGs compared with other types of high-intensity interval training for improving physical fitness. Thus, this narrative review aims to summarize the evidence regarding using SSGs in handball, particularly regarding the acute physiological and locomotor demands, and physical fitness adaptations after exposing players to SSG-based programs.
Tolerance mechanisms in mercury-exposed Chromolaena odorata (l.f.) R.M. King et H. Robinson, a potential phytoremediator
Authors: Alcantara H J P , Rivero G C , Puzon J M
Published: September 2024

Chromolaena odorata (L.f.) R.M. King et H. Robinson plants were grown in Hoaglandâ€™s solutions with 0.00 ppm and 1.00 ppm Hg(NO3)2. The calcium, magnesium, iron, and sulfur levels in the leaves were found to be not significantly affected by presence of the uptaken Hg2+. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll contents of its leaves also remained within normal levels, which may indicate that the photosynthetic machinery of the Hg-exposed C. odorata was unaffected by the presence of Hg2+. The results of the ICP-AES analyses of the Hg2+ contents established the presence of Hg2+ in all the subcellular components obtained from the leaves of the Hg-treated C. odorata plants, and that the ultimate localization of Hg2+ is in the vacuoles. The findings revealed no significant differences in the degree of oxidative injury between the cells from the control and Hg-treated plants, as evidenced by the low lipid peroxidation levels obtained with the TBARS assay. The SH-containing biomolecules that were initially detected through DTNB assay manifested a predominant peak in the RP-HPLC chromatographs of both the control and Hg-treated plants, with their retention times falling within the ranges of GSH, MT, and cysteine standards. However, the concentrations of the GSH- and/or MT-like, Cys-containing biomolecules detected in the leaves of Hg-treated C. odorata plants were ten times higher than those of the control.The findings of this study suggest that the enhanced antioxidative capacity, the production of Hg-binding biomolecules, and the localization of Hg2+ ions ultimately in the vacuoles of the leaves are the mechanisms which bring about Hg2+ tolerance and homeostasis in C. odorata plant. These results indicate that C. odorata is a potentially effective phytoremediator for Hg2+.
Phytoextraction to promote sustainable development
Authors: Anderson C W N
Published: September 2024

Mining makes a positive contribution to the economy of Indonesia. Significant earnings accrue through the export of tin, coal, copper, nickel and gold. Of these commodities, gold carries the highest unit value. But not all gold mining is regulated. Indonesia has a significant Artisanal and Small Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) industry, defined as any informal and unregulated system of gold mining. These operations are often illegal, unsafe and are environmentally and socially destructive. New technology is needed to support the sustainable exploitation of gold and other precious metal resources in locations where ASGM is currently practised. This technology must be simple, cheap, easy to operate and financially rewarding. A proven option that needs to be promoted is phytoextraction. This is technology where plants are used to extract metals from waste rock, soil or water. These metals can subsequently be recovered from the plant in pure form, and sold or recycled. Gold phytoextraction is a commercially available technology, while international research has shown that phytoextraction will also work for mercury. In the context of ASGM operations, tailings could be contained in specific â€˜farming areasâ€™ and cropped using phytoextraction technology. The banning of ASGM operations is not practicable or viable. Poverty would likely become more extreme if a ban were enforced. Instead, new technology options are essential to promote the sustainable development of this industry. Phytoextraction would involve community and worker engagement, education and employment. New skills in agriculture created through application of the technology would be transferrable to the production of food, fibre and timber crops on land adjacent to the mining operations. Phytoextraction could therefore catalyse sustainable development in artisanal gold mining areas throughout Indonesia.
Waste management of shrimp farms as starting point to develop integrated farming systems (case study: Kuwaru Coast, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Authors: Saiya H G , Katoppo D R
Published: September 2024

Intensive waste management is a solution to maintain an area of ecological harmony but still can produce economic benefits that are beneficial to social welfare. So in this research, waste of shrimp farms which was just processed by using zeolite, was treated again with a few treatments, i.e. simple filters, constructed wetlands, shell, fish and composting. Simple filters were composed of stone, gravel, coral, charcoal, sand and coconut fibers. Constructed wetland system used was hybrid type which combines type of horizontal flow and type of vertical flow. The shell used was Polymesoda erosa. The fish used was Tilapia. In the composting sediment activator, biang kompos was used with the composting time of one month. The results indicated that the system ofsimple filters, constructed wetlands, shells and fish proved to be quite effective to reduce levels of pollutants in wastewater and will be more effective if treatment was accompanied with a proper aeration. While, the sediment composted into fertilizer needed to be composted with a longer time than normal composting time. This was because the composted materials were derived from wastehaving a very low nutrient, so it took longer to restore nutrients. The results also indicated the potential of shrimp farm waste of PT. IBD to be processed into clean water and fertilizer. With the appropriate policies and strategies, this can lead to the development of an integrated farming system to support sustainable coastal ecologically, economically and socially.
The effect of motor vehicle emission towards lead (Pb) content of rice field soil with different clay content
Authors: Wati C C , Prijono S , Kusuma Z
Published: September 2024

Motor vehicle gas emission contains lead (Pb) which is a hazardous and toxic substance. Agricultural land, especially rice field, which is located nearby roads passed by many motor vehicle, are susceptible to the accumulation of Pb. If Pb is permeated by plants cultivated in the rice field, it will be very hazardous for humans as they are the final consumers. Hence, it is essential to identify Pb content of rice-field soil initiated by motor vehicle gas emission. This study was aimed to identify the effects of motor vehicle density, the distance between rice-field and road, and the clay content of soil towards Pb content of soils in Blitar and Ngawi Regencies of East Java. The method used for the study was survey method managed by using three-factor nested design with three replicates. The results of this study showed that motor vehicle density and the distance of rice field to road provide significant affected the total of Pb content of soil. However, the dissemination pattern of Pb in the soil was irregular due to the factors of climate and environment. Before Pb reached soil surface, Pb was spread out in the air due to the effect of temperature, wind velocity, vehicle velocity, size of vehicle, and road density. Consequently, the location with low motor vehicle density and positioned faraway to the road had higher total rate of Pb than the location with high motor vehicle density and positioned nearby the road. Clay content affected the total rate of Pb content as much as 37%, every 1% increase of clay content increased the total rate of Pb as much as 0.08 mg/kg.
Simulation of increasing night temperature on vegetative and generative of paddy (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Putra D F , Tyasmoro S Y , Wicaksono K P , Vincie L
Published: September 2024

The rate of respiration increases with increasing temperature. It causes a problem to occur with photosynthesis result (photosynthate) generated during photosynthesis as a source of energy for metabolism of plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate of growth and the production result by affected an increasing night temperature on paddy. The simulation was performed in growth chamber with increased night temperature by 20 C (T1) and 40 C (T2) higher than normal night temperature (T0). Growth phase of rice plant treated an increase in night temperature among others on the vegetative phases continues on the generative phase (VG), was treated only on the vegetative phase (V) and treated only on the generative phase (G). The number of tillers, leaf area, number of leaf, the total dry weight of rice plant on the T2 had values that were lower than at T0 and T1. The decreased values in the parameter number of tillers, leaf area, number of leaf, and total dry weight at the end of the observation were observed on T2V and T2 VG. The T2 had longer panicle than T1 and T0, but the number of panicle, weight ofÂ  seedper plant, harvest index (HI), the number of productive tillers, flowering time, harvesting time , nitrogen content in the leaves, the and percentage of open stomata values were lower than T1 and T0.Â  T1G, T1VG, T2VG and T2G showed lower percentage of full grain than at T0. T1 and T2 treatments on VG and V resulted in the delay of flowering time. T1 and T2 on the VG phase resulted in the delay of harvesting time.
The potential of Tithonia diversifolia green manure for improving soil quality for cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Brotrytis L.)
Authors: Hafifah H , Sudiarso S , Maghfoer M D , Prasetya B
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to analyze the effect of Tithonia diversifolia green manure and cow manure on soil quality and yield of cauliflower. A field experiment was conducted in the village of Tegalgondo, Karangploso District of Malang Regency. Eight treatments tested were control (no added manures), T.diversifolia 8.15 t/ha, cow manure 25.85 t/ha, NPK fertilizer 1.35 t/ha, T.diversifolia 4.08 t/ha + cow manure 12.93 t/ha, T.diversifolia 4.08 t/ha + NPK fertilizer 676 kg/ha, cow manure 12.93 t/ha + NPK 676 kg/ha and T.diversifolia 2.69 t/ha + cow manure 8.53 t/ha + NPK fertilizer 446 kg/ha. Soil quality was monitored at top soil (0-20 cm) at planting time and 30 days after planting. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for chemical and physical properties. Yield of cauliflower was observed at the time of harvest or 44 days after planting. The results showed that application of green manure could significantly change the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The decrease of bulk density of about 27.47%, increase of organic carbon of about 12.60%, increase of total N of about 53.87%, increase of available P of about 64.24 mg/kg, and exchangeable K of about 8.34 cmol/kg were observed in T. diversifolia treatment. The increase of pH of about 1.75%, and total porosity of about 17.73% was found in cow manure treatments. The increased water holding capacity of about 10.70% was found in T. diversifolia + cow manure treatments and increased stability aggregate about 23.54% was found in T. diversifolia + cow manure + NPK treatments. There was a significant increase of fresh weight of flower about 666.67 g/plant in T. diversifolia + NPK treatment.
Acquired isolated ACTH deficiency co-occurrence with breast cancer irrespective of paraneoplastic syndrome: coincidence or inevitability
Authors: Urai Shin , Bando Hironori , Nakatsuji Mei , Yamamoto Masaaki , Fukuoka Hidenori , Iguchi Genzo , Ogawa Wataru
Published: September 2024

A 52-year-old female patient with breast cancer presented with a history of fatigue and malaise 1 year prior. She was diagnosed with isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency (IAD) on endocrinological examination. Her pituitary gland showed normal morphology. Paraneoplastic IAD associated with breast cancer was suspected; however, immunofluorescence staining revealed no ectopic ACTH or proopiomelanocortin expression in the tumor tissue. Subsequently, the patient was diagnosed with idiopathic acquired IAD concurrent with breast cancer, ruling out paraneoplastic syndrome. Although malignancy should be considered a potential cause of IAD, not all patients with concurrent IAD and malignancy necessarily develop paraneoplastic syndrome.

Learning points

Several adrenal insufficiency symptoms are similar to the nonspecific symptoms associated with malignancies, and therefore, the diagnosis of IAD remains challenging, especially in patients with cancer.

When we encounter a case of IAD accompanied by a malignant tumor, it is important to suspect that paraneoplastic IAD, a novel clinical condition as secondary hypophysitis, may be the etiologic agent.

Although malignant tumours should be considered a potential cause of IAD, not all patients with concurrent IAD and malignancy necessarily develop paraneoplastic autoimmune hypophysitis.
Synthesis of Aldonitrones of the 1-Pyrroline-1-oxide Series Using a Three-Component Domino Reaction of Glycine Esters, Ketones and Activated Olefins
Authors: ДОБРЫНИН С.А. , КИРИЛЮК И.А.
Published: September 2024

Альдонитроны пирролинового ряда находят широкое применение в органическом синтезе, в том числе в синтезе алкалоидов и других биологически активных соединений, а также в качестве спиновых ловушек для регистрации короткоживущих радикалов. Для получения альдонитронов пирролинового ряда 1-пирролин-1-оксида использован трехкомпонентный домино-процесс с участием бензилового эфира глицина, кетонов (циклогексанон и диэтилкетон) и эфиров фумаровой кислоты. Синтезированные на первой стадии бензиловые эфиры 3,4,5-замещенных пролинов селективно расщепляли гидрогенолизом. Окисление полученных циклических аминокислот в системе “вольфрамат – пероксид водорода” сопровождается декарбоксилированием и приводит к образованию 3,4,5-замещенных 1-пирролин-1-оксидов. Показано, что сложноэфирные группы в этих соединениях могут быть восстановлены в гидроксиметильные избытком алюмогидрида лития, а последующая обработка диоксидом марганца позволяет регенерировать альдонитронную группу.

Aldonitrones of pyrroline series are widely used in organic synthesis, in particular in the synthesis of alkaloids and other biologically active compounds, and as spin traps for short-lived radicals. A three-component domino process involving glycine benzyl ester, ketones (cyclohexanone and diethyl ketone) and fumaric acid esters was used to synthesise aldonitrones of the pyrroline series of 1-pyrroline-1-oxide. The benzyl esters of 3,4,5-substituted prolines obtained in the first step were selectively cleaved by hydrogenolysis. Oxidation of the resulting cyclic amino acids in the tungstate – hydrogen peroxide system is accompanied by decarboxylation and leads to the formation of 3,4,5-substituted 1-pyrroline-1-oxides. It is shown that the ester groups in these compounds can be reduced to hydroxymethyl ones by an excess of lithium aluminum hydride, and subsequent treatment with manganese dioxide leads to aldonitrone group recovery.
Synthesis of Ureas Combining Adamantane and Monoterpenoid Fragments and Study of Their Activity Against the SARS-CoV-2 Viruses
Authors: МОРДВИНОВА Е.Д. , МОЖАЙЦЕВ Е.С. , ЯРОВАЯ О.И. , ПОНОМАРЕВ К.Ю. , СУСЛОВ Е.В. , ЩЕРБАКОВ Д.Н. , ЗАЙКОВСКАЯ А.В. , ПЬЯНКОВ О.В. , САЛАХУТДИНОВ Н.Ф.
Published: September 2024

Синтезирована серия мочевин, содержащих адамантановые и монотерпеноидные остатки. Все соединения были протестированы с использованием псевдовирусной системы, несущей на своей поверхности гликопротеин S-вируса SARS-CoV-2 и инфекционных вирусов SARS-CoV-2 различных штаммов in vitro. Соединение 4a показало высокую активность против четырех штаммов SARS-CoV-2.

A series of ureas containing adamantane and monoterpenoid residues has been synthesised. All compounds were tested in vitro using a pseudoviral system containing the S glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and infectious SARS-CoV-2 viruses of various strains on its surface. Compound 4a demonstrated high activity against four strains of SARS-CoV-2.
Synthesis and Properties of Furanyl-Substituted [1]Benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene Derivatives
Authors: ТОЛКАЧЕВ Е.Д. , БЕККЕР К.С. , СОНИНА А.А. , КУИМОВ А.Д. , КАЗАНЦЕВ М.С.
Published: September 2024

Производные [1]бензотиено[3,2-b][1]бензотиофена (BTBT) имеют большие перспективы в использовании в качестве полупроводниковых материалов за счет стабильности на воздухе, способности к формированию 2D-пленок и высокой подвижности носителей заряда. В представленной работе предложены подходы к синтезу новых фуранилзамещенных производных BTBT и исследованы их физико-химические свойства. Показано, что полученные вещества демонстрируют высокие квантовые выходы фотолюминесценции. Подробно изучена реакция бромирования BTBT и оптимизированы условия ее проведения. Установлено, что в этом процессе всегда образуется смесь региоизомеров, однако это не обязательно мешает дальнейшему синтезу. Достигнуто существенное сокращение общего времени реакции – с 48 до 6 часов.

[1]Benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) derivatives attract attention in the field of organic optoelectronics due to their stability in air, 2D film formation ability and high charge-carrier mobility. Here we present approaches to the synthesis of new furanyl-substituted BTBT derivatives. The physicochemical properties of the target compounds were studied. It is shown that all materials have high quantum yields of photoluminescence. A thorough analysis of BTBT bromination has been carried out, and the reaction conditions were optimised. It has been shown that a mixture of regioisomers is always formed in this process, but this does not necessarily interfere with further synthesis. A significant reduction in the total reaction time from 48 to 6 hours has been achieved.
MIKHAIL IVANOVICH SUMGIN - THE FOUNDER OF GEOCRYOLOGY (TO THE 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH)
Authors: АЛЕКСЕЕВ В.Р.
Published: September 2024

Приводятся сведения о жизни и деятельности выдающегося ученого М.И. Сумгина, рассматривается его вклад в становление и развитие мерзлотоведения - молодой науки о мерзлых горных породах и сопутствующих криогенных явлениях.

Information about the life and work of an outstanding scientist Mikhail Ivanovich Sumgin is presented. His contribution to the development of a young science of frozen rocks and related phenomena-geocryology is discussed.
CRYOGENIC RAPIDCREEKITE OF THE MALAYA NIZHNEUDINSKAYA CAVE (EASTERN SIBERIA)
Authors: БАЗАРОВА Е.П. , КАДЕБСКАЯ О.И. , РУБЦОВА М.Н. , КОРОТЧЕНКОВА О.В. , КОНОНОВ А.М.
Published: September 2024

Методами электронной микроскопии и порошковой дифракции исследованы морфология и минеральный состав криогенных образований пещеры Малая Нижнеудинская, приуроченной к многолетнемерзлым породам. В пещере круглогодично держится околонулевая температура, в результате чего в подземной полости широко развиты ледяные образования. Выявлено, что при замерзании растворов и последующем частичном испарении льда формируется криогенный остаток, сложенный гипсом, кальцитом и редким минералом рапидкрикитом Ca2(SO4)(CO3) 4H2O. Рапидкрикит образует радиально-лучистые сростки игольчатых кристаллов длиной до 200 мкм. Источником серы, по мнению авторов, являются локально развитые прослои гипса в перекрывающих известняки некарстующихся породах. Это вторая в мире находка рапидкрикита в обстановке спелеокриоминералогенеза и первая находка данного минерала в карстовых полостях на территории России.

The morphology and mineral composition of cryogenic formations of the Malaya Nizhneudinskaya Cave have been studied by electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. This cave is confined to permafrost. The temperature in the cave is near zero all year round, as a result of which ice formations are widely developed in the cave. When solution freezes, and the subsequent partial evaporation of ice occurs, a cryogenic residue composed of gypsum, calcite, and a rare mineral rapidcreekite Ca2(SO4)(CO3)·4H2O is formed. Rapidcreekite forms radial-radiant aggregates of acicular crystals of up to 200 μm in length. In our opinion, the source of sulfur is represented by the locally developed interlayers of gypsum in the non-karsting rocks overlaying the limestones. This is the second finding of rapidcreekite in the speleo-cryomineralogenesis environment in the world and the first discovery of this mineral in the caves in Russia.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GLACIAL FEEDING OF RIVERS
Authors: КОНОВАЛОВ В.Г.
Published: September 2024

Метод регионального расчета гидрологического режима оледенения включает определение многолетних изменений ледникового стока и ледникового питания в речных бассейнах Северного полушария. Информационной основой для гидрологических и гляциологических расчетов служили: данные мониторинга параметров оледенения в бассейне р. Рона за 1971-2016 гг.; многолетние измерения осадков и температуры воздуха на метеорологических станциях, расположенных на территории Швейцарии. Установлено, что результаты линейной экстраполяции пространственно-временных изменений высотно-площадных характеристик классифицированных совокупностей ледников в речных бассейнах являются достаточной входной информацией для расчета гидрологического режима оледенения. Адекватное описание процесса формирования внутригодового и многолетнего ледникового питания рек должно учитывать различия в абляции, зависящие от пяти типов деятельной поверхности ледников и их высотно-площадных характеристик. Получены удовлетворительные абсолютные и относительные оценки отклонений между измеренным стоком и суммой осадков, испарения и ледникового питания в верховье р. Рона, гидропост Порт-дю-Се, в течение 1971-2010 гг., а также между измеренными и рассчитанными объемами годовых осадков в бассейне р. Рона за 1971-2016 гг.

The elaborated method of regional calculation of the hydrological regime of glaciation includes determination of long-term changes in glacial runoff and glacial feeding in river basins. For the Rhone River basin, monitoring data on glaciation parameters over the period of 1971-2016 and long-term data on precipitation and air temperature at weather stations of Switzerland were used for hydrological and glaciological calculations. The results of linear extrapolation of spatiotemporal changes in the altitude-area characteristics of the classified groups of glaciers proved to be sufficient for calculating the hydrological regime of glaciation. An adequate description of seasonal and long-term glacial feeding of rivers should take into account spatiotemporal variations in the ablation of glaciers depending on the five types of active glacier surface and their altitude-area characteristics. Satisfactory absolute and relative estimates of differences between the measured runoff and the amount of precipitation, evaporation, and glacial feeding in the upper Rhone River in 1971-2010 (Porte du Scex gauging station), as well as between the measured and calculated annual precipitation in the Rhone River basin for 1971-2016, were obtained.
MOULINS: FORMATION AND SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: МАВЛЮДОВ Б.Р.
Published: September 2024

На основе собственных данных и литературных источников автором рассмотрены причины и условия формирования и изменения ледниковых колодцев. Ледниковые колодцы могут формироваться выше уровня воды в ледниковых трещинах в толще льда и не могут образовываться ниже уровня воды. Цилиндрическая форма ледниковых колодцев связана с разбрызгиванием водных струй на некоторой глубине от поверхности ледника. Рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с разными механизмами образования колодцев, их глубиной, возрастом, колебаниями уровня воды. Показана возможная связь ледниковых колодцев с внутренней дренажной системой ледников. Изучена связь колодцев с надвигами в толще льда, поскольку имеются ледники, у которых вода через колодцы до ложа не проникает.

The reasons and conditions for the formation and change of moulins are considered on the base of author’s own data and on published data. Moulins can form above the water level in crevasses in the ice column and cannot form below the water level. The cylindrical shape of moulins is associated with the spraying of water jets at a certain depth from glacier surface. Questions related to different mechanisms of moulin formation, their depth, age, water level fluctuations are considered. A possible connection between moulins and the internal drainage system of glaciers is shown. Since there are glaciers in which water does not penetrate to the bed through moulins, the question of the connection between moulins and thrusts in the ice thickness is being considered.
DESIGN OF FIELD EXPERIMENTS FOR SUBSTANTIATION OF PERMAFROST MONITORING TECHNOLOGY
Authors: ГЛИНСКИХ В.Н. , ФЕДОСЕЕВ А.А. , НИКИТЕНКО М.Н. , МИХАЙЛОВ И.В. , БУХТИЯРОВ Д.А.
Published: September 2024

С целью обоснования технологии мониторинга многолетнемерзлых пород проведены теоретический анализ и моделирование полевых экспериментов высокоразрешающего геофизического метода импульсного электромагнитного зондирования. Для выбора оптимальных параметров зондирующей системы определена зависимость регистрируемой электродвижущей силы от расстояния между источником и приемником сигналов. На основе измерений температуры на геофизическом полигоне и выявленной зависимости между удельным электрическим сопротивлением и температурой рассчитаны вариации электросопротивлений приповерхностных супесей и суглинков за период с конца января по начало апреля 2022 г. Прослежена динамика изменения границы между сезонномерзлыми и нижележащими породами. С использованием рассчитанных по измеренной температуре электросопротивлений выполнено численное моделирование электродвижущей силы для установления зависимости сигналов от перемещения границы вследствие промерзания. Предложены подходы к верификации полученных результатов.

The work is aimed at the theoretical development and modeling of field experiments for a high-resolution geophysical technique of transient electromagnetic sounding in order to substantiate a permafrost monitoring technology. To select the optimal parameters of the sounding system, we established the dynamics of changes in the registered electromotive force in terms of the distance between the signal transmitter and receiver. Based on field temperature measurements at the geophysical test site and the elucidated interrelation between the electrical resistivity and temperature values, we calculated the variations in the resistivity of the near-surface loams and clay loams for the period late January - early April 2022. The dynamics of changes in the boundary between seasonally frozen and underlying rocks was traced. Using the resistivity values calculated from the measured temperatures, we carried out numerical modeling of the electromotive force amplitude to identify the dependence of the signals on the shift of the boundary due to freezing. In addition, approaches were proposed to verification of the results obtained.
ON THE 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF PROFESSOR LEV NIKOLAEVICH KHRUSTALEV
Authors: ЕМЕЛЬЯНОВА Л.В.
Published: September 2024

Отражены основные этапы научной и педагогической деятельности Л.Н. Хрусталева, одного из выдающихся ученых в области инженерного мерзлотоведения, заслуженного изобретателя Коми АССР, заслуженного деятеля науки Российской Федерации, доктора технических наук, заслуженного профессора Московского государственного университета имени М.В. Ломоносова.

This paper describes the milestones in the scientific and pedagogical activity of one of the outstanding scientists in the field of permafrost engineering L.N. Khrustalev, Honored Inventor of the Komi ASSR, Merited Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Honored Professor of Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Beyond Quasi-Adjoint Graphs: On Polynomial-Time Solvable Cases of the Hamiltonian Cycle and Path Problems
Authors: Kasprzak Marta
Published: September 2024

The Hamiltonian cycle and path problems are fundamental in graph theory and useful in modelling real-life problems. Research in this area is directed toward designing better and better algorithms for general problems, but also toward defining new special cases for which exact polynomial-time algorithms exist. In the paper, such new classes of digraphs are proposed. The classes include, among others, quasi-adjoint graphs, which are a superclass of adjoints, directed line graphs, and graphs modelling a DNA sequencing problem.
Radiological protection of Young Scientist and Scientific Researcher trainees in controlled areas of the Argonaut reactor installation: analytical approach
Authors: De Souza Luz Oliveira Eara , Pereira da Silva João Carlos , De Oliveira Ferreira Francisco José , Naulfel Claassen Gustavo , Fernandes da Silva Lucinda
Published: September 2024

Since the increasing use of ionizing radiations in medical and industrial proceedings, recommendations and actions have been necessaries to reduce the individual radiological risks. In the Nuclear Engineering Institute (IEN), there is the Argonauta research nuclear reactor (RARG) used for producing radionuclides, neutrongraphy studies and training young scientists (YST) and scientific researchers (SRT). During their trainings, these trainees are exposed to ionizing radiations meanly during the neutrongraphyc experiments when they need to adjust neutrongraphy plates in front the J9 channel with the RARG in critical condition. At this moment, they are exposed to neutron and gamma radiations in the RARG hall. This paper evaluated the gamma and neutron expositions that YST and SRT are submitted during the neutrongraphy experiments, by using area monitors to measure the ambient dose equivalent rates in two points near to J9 channel. Considering only this experiment, there was found that the annual individual effective dose could reach up to 2.5 mSv, which is more than 150% of the annual dose to member of the public (MP), but below the annual effective dose to occupationally exposed individual (OEI) as a worker. The question is if YST and SRT should be considered an OEI or a MP. This question is answered through an analytical approach of the regulations and recommendations. The conclusion is that YST and SRT shall be controlled as OEI, but must be submitted to MP’ restriction doses.
“Typical Values“ of Activities Administered to Pedriatics Patients in Renal Exams with 99mTc-DTPA
Authors: Oliveira C. M. , Oliveira L. , Furlaneto M.
Published: September 2024

99mTc-DTPA is a radiopharmaceutical employed for mofological and functional assessment of the renal system. The increase in the number of exams in nuclear medicine (NM) requires that optimization procedures are continually implemented and revised. "Picture Archiving and Communication System" (PACs) file system were utilized to count the number of scintigraphy. Record of pediatric exams from the NM service were used to verify the activities administered (MBq). The objective of this work is to evaluate the number of exams and the activities administered of the 99mTc-DTPA radiopharmaceutical in pediatric patients for suggest “typical values”. Results demonstrated that there are a high percentual difference between the activities administered for all age intervals. Furthermore, the activities administered to younger patients (0 to 1 year old) presented the higher “typical value“.
Desenvolvimento de metodologia para medição do fator output para blocos de elétrons
Authors: Fontana, J. M Fontana, J. M , Ribeiro dos Santos Maíra
Published: September 2024

In light of the routine verification of output factor for electron blocks manufactured for patients and outside the standard square field measurements, this study proposes a methodology for measuring the output factor using EPID, validated by water measurements with a diode, and employing Python programming to analyze the pre-processed detector images. The study used square and rectangular blocks to validate the code and evaluate the limitations of the EPID, finding an agreement of up to ±3.0% for fields larger than 6.0 cm² and ±5.0% for fields between 3.0 cm² and 5.0 cm². The final evaluation aimed to compare square field measurements with asymmetric rectangular fields, and the results showed deviations of less than ±1.0%, thus indicating the feasibility of using EPID for this methodology.
Vaccine Completion and Timeliness Among Children in the Military Health System: 2010–2019
Authors: Romano Celeste J. , Burrell Monica , Bukowinski Anna T. , Hall Clinton , Gumbs Gia R. , Conlin Ava Marie S. , Ramchandar Nanda
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE

Few studies have evaluated pediatric vaccination coverage in the Military Health System, although some evidence suggests lower than ideal coverage. This study assessed vaccine completion and timeliness among military dependents through age 24 months.

METHODS

Children born at military hospitals from 2010 through 2019 were identified using Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Research program data. Vaccine completion and timeliness were assessed for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis; polio; measles, mumps, and rubella; hepatitis B; Haemophilus influenzae type b; varicella; and pneumococcal conjugate individually and as a combined 7-vaccine series; rotavirus was assessed separately. Modified Poisson regression models were used to calculate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for noncompletion and delays, adjusting for demographic characteristics.

RESULTS

Of 275 967 children, 74.4% completed the combined 7-vaccine series, and 36.2% of those who completed the series had delays. Completion peaked at 78.7% among children born in 2016 and 2017. Among all vaccines, completion was lowest for rotavirus (77.5%), diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (83.1%), Haemophilus influenzae type b (86.6%), and pneumococcal conjugate (88.4%). Risk for noncompletion was higher among children born to younger pregnant parents (adjusted RR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.27–1.40) and with a well-child care location change (adjusted RR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.09–1.12). Risk for delays paralleled that for noncompletion.

CONCLUSIONS

Vaccine completion and timeliness generally improved among military children, but greater noncompletion of vaccine series with more versus fewer doses and disparities for younger and mobile service members suggest system barriers remain.
Phytoplankton from a brackish lagoon in the central region of Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Solorzano Gloria Garduño , González Fernández José Manuel , Fuentes Zuno Saúl Aldair
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The brackish lagoons are ecosystems with great diversity and possibilities for human use. Therefore, the knowledge about phytoplankton needs to be improved to understand its real impact. Objective: To relate the Mandinga's Lagoon phytoplankton to the limnological conditions during the dry and wet seasons. Methods: The material was collected in three stations: Isla Conchas (ICO), Mandinga Chica (MCH) and Isla del Amor (IA) during the dry (March 2018) and wet (September 2017 and 2018) seasons. The limnological analysis included ten abiotic variables, and the phytoplankton was analyzed by the Utermöhl method. Data was analyzed with the Shannon index (H´) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Results: 136 species were identified: 68.4 % Heterokontophyta, 22.8 % Dinoflagellata, and 5.9 % Cyanobacteriota; with 40 euryhaline and 96 stenohaline. The most abundant species were: Bacillaria paxillifera, Chaetoceros compressus, Coscinodiscus rothii, and Chaetoceros atlanticus. The highest abundance was in ICO (dry) and the lowest in MCH (wet), with 307 x 103 and 76 x 103 cells/ml, respectively; the H´ ranged from 1.31 to 0.70 bits/ind. The CCA showed a relationship between salinity and dissolved oxygen with C. rothii and Ceratoneis closterium. The phosphates were associated with B. paxillifera, C. atlanticus, and Podosira stelligera. The nitrate, water temperature and pH were related to Tripos hircus, T. furca, Diploneis bombus, and Merismopedia elegans. In contrast, Skeletonema costatum, Cocconeis scutelum, and Nitzschia bicapitata did not correlate with the limnological variables. Conclusions: The Mandinga's Lagoon is a shallow, euryhaline and well-oxygenated ecosystem. The dominance of diatoms and dinoflagellates was evidenced by their ability to survive in different salinities and temperatures. It is recommended monitor phytoplankton, in particular Microcystis wesenbergii, B. quinquecornis, Pseudo-nitzschia cf. pungens, and P. cf. pseudodelicatissima as they are harmful algae.
La estructura del hábitat influencia la diversidad de mariposas diurnas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) en ecosistemas de alta montaña en Colombia
Authors: Clavijo-Giraldo Alejandra , Álvarez-Hincapié Carlos F. , Colorado Z. Gabriel J.
Published: September 2024

Introducción: Recientes investigaciones han mostrado correlaciones positivas entre la estructura del hábitat y las comunidades animales que los habitan. Generalmente, estos estudios evalúan la hipótesis de una mayor diversidad de animales en hábitats complejos y heterogéneos, ya que éstos pueden ofrecer un mayor número de nichos potenciales a diferencia de aquellos estructuralmente más simples. Objetivo: Se evaluó el efecto de la complejidad, la heterogeneidad y la estructura del hábitat sobre una comunidad de mariposas diurnas (Papilionoidea) en tres tipos de coberturas vegetales (rastrojo, bosque y páramo) ubicadas en ecosistemas de alta montaña sobre la cordillera Central, departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Métodos: Entre enero y julio del 2012, se realizaron capturas de mariposas utilizando trampas Van Someren Rydon y se cuantificó la complejidad, la heterogeneidad y la estructura de la vegetación a partir de parcelas circulares de 0.04 ha establecidas alrededor de las trampas. Resultados: Se reportó un total de 108 especies, 48 géneros y cinco familias de mariposas. La riqueza y la abundancia de especies de mariposas fueron sensibles tanto a la complejidad y heterogeneidad de las coberturas vegetales como a los cambios en la estructura de la vegetación, mostrando fuertes correlaciones con las características del hábitat. El rastrojo presentó la mayor diversidad de mariposas (1D = 25.02; 2D = 11.97), seguido por el bosque (1D = 15.83; 2D = 9.42) y el páramo (1D = 12.36; 2D = 7.86). Adicionalmente, la riqueza y abundancia de mariposas se asoció positivamente con la cobertura de dosel y la densidad de vegetación de los estratos verticales y horizontales. Conclusión: Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de conservar la heterogeneidad de los hábitats y la estructura vegetal en los ecosistemas de alta montaña andinos, para mantener la diversidad y abundancia de las mariposas, resaltando la necesidad de políticas de conservación y manejo que consideren la complejidad y diversidad de estos ecosistemas.
Análisis multi-temporal de la biodiversidad aviar en el Centro Universitario Regional del Norte (Tolima, Colombia)
Authors: Ramos-Mosquera Valentina , López-Delgado Edwin , Losada-Prado Sergio , Moreno-Palacios Miguel
Published: September 2024

Introducción: Cada vez son más los estudios que incluyen la diversidad funcional para comprender los patrones de la biodiversidad. Sin embargo, en el departamento del Tolima, se ha investigado poco este aspecto en las comunidades de aves, lo que crea un vacío de conocimiento acerca de esta faceta de la diversidad biológica. Objetivo: Determinar cambios o patrones en la diversidad taxonómica y funcional de la avifauna del Centro Universitario Regional del Norte del Tolima (CURDN) durante un periodo de ocho años. Métodos: Los datos fueron organizados de manera que permitieran determinar cambios en la comunidad de aves a lo largo del tiempo y en diferentes épocas climáticas (alta y baja precipitación). Se emplearon diferentes índices de diversidad taxonómica y funcional (alfa y beta). Para evaluar el efecto de las temporadas climáticas y establecer diferencias entre los años, se utilizó el Escalamiento Multidimensional No Métrico (NMDS) y el Análisis de Similitud no paramétrico (ANOSIM). Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio, se registraron 2 691 individuos. No se encontraron diferencias en la diversidad alfa, tanto taxonómica como funcional. Sin embargo, los resultados de estas dos facetas de la biodiversidad revelaron patrones opuestos que están estructurando la comunidad de aves. El análisis de partición de la diversidad taxonómica beta reveló un proceso de recambio de especies, mientras que la diversidad beta funcional determinó un anidamiento funcional. Conclusión: La diversidad funcional señaló la posibilidad de que las actividades antropogénicas llevadas a cabo en el CURDN actúan como filtros que estructuran la comunidad de aves. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de considerar estas dos facetas de la biodiversidad para determinar cambios o patrones de las comunidades de aves durante un amplio periodo de estudio.
Implementation of modern information technologies in public administration – a few reflections
Authors: Blicharz Jolanta , Zacharko Lidia
Published: September 2024

The aim of the article is to justify the tfhesis that coputerization of administration is a reponse to the challenges of changes in its environment. The article consists of two parts. The first part, discusses the grid of concepts of computer science, while presents the evolution of legal bases in the fied computerization of public administration as essential, was presented as fundamental and the most important of the priciples and instruments of computerization of administration i.e. the principle of knowledge-based administration providing intelligent services.