bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Type 1 Diabetes, ACTH Deficiency, and Hypothyroidism Simultaneously Induced by Nivolumab Therapy in a Patient with Gastric Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Marshall Shoko , Kizuki Aki , Kitaoji Tadashi , Imada Hiroshi , Kato Hayato , Hosoda Mana , Ishikawa Motonao , Sakura Hiroshi
Published: September 2020

Nivolumab, a fully human IgG4 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) antibody, has been approved for a variety of cancers. Several endocrine-associated immune-related adverse events have been reported, but the incidence rate is relatively low. This is a case of a patient with gastric cancer who underwent nivolumab therapy, leading to type 1 diabetes as well as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency and hypothyroidism almost simultaneously. A 70-year-old man with no previous history of diabetes was treated with nivolumab monotherapy for gastric cancer in November 2018. After 8 courses of nivolumab, he was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes associated with ICI; consequently, insulin therapy was initiated in March 2019. In April 2019, he was transported to hospital due to suffering from prolonged hypoglycemia, disturbed consciousness, and fever. He frequently experienced episodes of hypoglycemia, with poor controlled glycemia. His disturbed consciousness and fever also sustained. Further investigation of his hormones revealed low cortisol and ACTH levels, as well as hypothyroidism. His blood glucose control was improved after the introduction of hydrocortisone and thyroid hormone; he became alert and afebrile. In January 2020, he received a followed-up in an outpatient setting under insulin, hydrocortisone, and thyroid replacement therapy. Endocrine defect associated with ICIs, especially type 1 diabetes or ACTH deficiency, is a rare condition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the 1st case of multiple endocrinopathies simultaneously induced by nivolumab. Various endocrine concomitant defects should be taken into consideration when treating with nivolumab.
Uso de substâncias em adultos em situação de rua e associação com mindfulness
Authors: Silva Daniela Prado Rocha , Rocha Marina Monzani da
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: analisar a relação entre o nível de atenção plena e o uso problemático de álcool e drogas em pessoas em situação de rua. Método: foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal com 40 usuários de um serviço de convivência de adultos em situação de rua ou de abrigamento. Eles foram entrevistados utilizando-se as escalas MAAS (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale ou Escala de Consciência e Atenção Mindfulness, em português), CAGE (acrônimo referente às suas quatro perguntas em inglês: Cut down, Annoyde by criticims, Guilty e Eye-opener) e AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), além de um questionário sociodemográfico. Resultados: evidenciam alta prevalência de abuso de substâncias nessa amostra e mostraram correlação negativa entre o uso problemático de álcool e drogas e o nível de atenção plena, o que indica que baixos níveis de mindfulness podem ser um fator de risco para a população adicta. Conclusão: o uso de meditação em intervenções com essa população é sugerido.
Evaluation of post-operative pain and stress in dogs after elective ovariohysterectomy under hospitalization
Authors: Santana Nathália Gonçalves de , Malm Christina , Maia Mariana Zanini , Megda Tábata , Beier Suzane Lilian , Mamão Leonardo Dias , Franco Thaíssa Castro
Published: September 2020

Surgical procedures in pet animals are usually associated with some degree of stress and pain. Hospitalization is one stress-triggering factor. The present study aimed to evaluate the degree of stress and pain during hospitalization of female dogs submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy (OVH) and to investigate the influence of hospitalization on the stress of these animals. Fifteen young adult crossbreed female dogs were divided into two groups: eight animals without surgery (Group 1 - control) and seven animals submitted to surgery (Group 2 - OVH). Pain and stress were evaluated. Visual analogue scale (VAS), simple descriptive pain scale (SDS) and modified Glasgow pain scale (MGPS) were used. Serum cortisol (μg/dL) and glucose (mg/dl) were also measured. No statistical difference was observed for cortisol (μg/dL) between the two groups. Despite the absence of statistical difference between groups and times, mean serum cortisol (μg/dL) values exceeded the normal values for the canine species at various times evaluated. Hyperglycemia was only observed at T4 in the OVH group. It was concluded that the hospitalization of animals was more relevant in the establishment of stress than the surgical procedure and associated pain. The influence of stress was a relevant factor in the results of assessments carried out using the MGPS.
Myofascial Pain Syndrome, myofascial trigger points and trigger points in Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Sato Nadia Yuri Shimosaka , Bastos Bárbara Buff Blumer , Pereira Marco Aurélio Amador , Campos Karina D’Angelo , Ambrósio Aline Magalhaes , Formenton Maira Rezende , Fantoni Denise Tabacchi
Published: September 2020

Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) a is a painful condition related to myofascial trigger points (TP) in skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to perform a literature review on the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of MPS in veterinary medicine. The research sites used for this purpose were: Scientific Electronic Library, PubMed and Medline. The inclusion criteria for the papers were: must be written in English; published between 1990 and 2018; include the following keywords: myofascial pain syndrome veterinary/dog/canine/cat/feline/horse/equine, trigger points veterinary/dog/canine/cat/feline/horse/equine. Through the review, it was observed that veterinary clinical studies are scarce, and the articles found lack information such as MPS description, incidence and specific treatment techniques in dogs and horses, and no studies in cats were found.
Evolution of Avian coronavirus (AvCoV) in BHK-21 and VERO cells
Authors: Brandão Paulo Eduardo , Leite Beatriz Alcântara , Miyagi Sueli Akemi Taniwaki
Published: September 2020

Avian coronavirus (AvCoV) infects a range of tissues in chickens and several other avian species. Although the virus can be isolated in chicken embryos, only a few strains of the 6 genotypes/33 lineages can grow in cell lines, with the Beaudette strain (GI-1 lineage) being the most used for in vitro studies. Considering the differences between cell lines and chicken embryos as habitats for AvCoV, this study aimed to assess the diversity of the genes coding for the nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3) and spike envelope protein (S) after serial passages in BHK-21 and Vero cells. After 14 passages of an embryo-adapted Beaudette strain, the virus loads fluctuated in both cell lines, with the highest loads being 8.72 log genome copies/µL for Vero and 6.36 log genome copies/µL for BHK-21 cells. No polymorphisms were found for nsp3; regarding S, not only aa substitutions (Vero: 8th passage A150S, and 14th S150A; BHK-21: 4th S53F, 8th F53Y, and 8th S95R), but also minor variants could be detected on chromatograms with fluctuating intensities. As the regions of these aa substitutions are within the receptor-binding domain of S, it can be speculated that differences in cell receptors between Vero and BHK-21 cells and the speed of cell death led to the selection of different dominant strains, while the stability of nsp3 supports its function as a protease involved in AvCoV replication. In conclusion, AvCoV quasispecies evolution is influenced by the biological model under consideration, and a gradual transition is seen for minor and major variants.
Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial of Early Coronary Angiography Versus No Early Coronary Angiography After Cardiac Arrest Without ST-Segment Elevation
Authors: Kern Karl B. , Radsel Peter , Jentzer Jacob C. , Seder David B. , Lee Kwan S. , Lotun Kapildeo , Janardhanan Rajesh , Stub Dion , Hsu Chiu-Hsieh , Noc Marko
Published: September 2020

Background:

The benefit of emergency coronary angiography after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is uncertain for patients without ST-segment elevation. The aim of this randomized trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of early coronary angiography and to determine the prevalence of acute coronary occlusion in resuscitated patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest without ST-segment elevation.

Methods:

Adult (>18 years) comatose survivors without ST-segment elevation after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were prospectively randomized in a 1:1 fashion under exception to informed consent regulations to early coronary angiography versus no early coronary angiography in this multicenter study. Early angiography was defined as ≤120 minutes from arrival at the percutaneous coronary intervention–capable facility. The primary end point was a composite of efficacy and safety measures, including efficacy measures of survival to discharge, favorable neurologic status at discharge (Cerebral Performance Category score ≤2), echocardiographic measures of left ventricular ejection fraction >50%, and a normal regional wall motion score of 16 within 24 hours of admission. Adverse events included rearrest, pulmonary edema on chest x-ray, acute renal dysfunction, bleeding requiring transfusion or intervention, hypotension (systolic arterial pressure ≤90 mm Hg), and pneumonia. Secondary end points included the incidence of culprit vessels with acute occlusion.

Results:

The study was terminated prematurely before enrolling the target number of patients. A total of 99 patients were enrolled from 2015 to 2018, including 75 with initially shockable rhythms. Forty-nine patients were randomized to early coronary angiography. The primary end point of efficacy and safety was not different between the 2 groups (55.1% versus 46.0%;
P
=0.64). Early coronary angiography was not associated with any significant increase in survival (55.1% versus 48.0%;
P
=0.55) or adverse events (26.5% versus 26.0%;
P
=1.00). Early coronary angiography revealed a culprit vessel in 47%, with a total of 14% of patients undergoing early coronary angiography having an acutely occluded culprit coronary artery.

Conclusions:

This underpowered study, when considered together with previous clinical trials, does not support early coronary angiography for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest without ST elevation. Whether early detection of occluded potential culprit arteries leads to interventions that improve outcomes requires additional study.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02387398.
Role of the Carotid Body in an Ovine Model of Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Chang Joshua Wen-Han , Tromp Tycho R. , Joles Jaap A. , McBryde Fiona D. , Paton Julian F.R. , Ramchandra Rohit
Published: September 2020

The carotid body is implicated as an important mediator and potential treatment target for hypertension. The mechanisms driving increased carotid body tonicity in hypertension are incompletely understood. Using a large preclinical animal model, which is crucial for translation, we hypothesized that carotid sinus nerve denervation would chronically decrease blood pressure in a renovascular ovine model of hypertension in which hypertonicity of the carotid body is associated with reduced common carotid artery blood flow. Adult ewes underwent either unilateral renal artery clipping or sham surgery. Two weeks later, flow probes were placed around the contralateral renal and common carotid arteries. Hypertension was accompanied by a significant reduction in common carotid blood flow but no change in renal blood flow. Carotid sinus nerve denervation significantly reduced blood pressure compared with sham. In both hypertensive and normotensive animals, carotid body stimulation using potassium cyanide caused dose-dependent increases in mean arterial pressure and common carotid conductance but a reduction in renal vascular conductance. These responses were not different between the animal groups. Taken together, our findings indicate that (1) the carotid body is activated in renovascular hypertension, and this is associated with reduced blood flow (decreased vascular conductance) in the common carotid artery and (2) the carotid body can differentially regulate blood flow to the common carotid and renal arteries. We suggest that in the ovine renovascular model, carotid body hypertonicity may be a product of reduced common carotid artery blood flow and plays an amplifying role with the kidney in the development of hypertension.
Sympathetic Regulation of the NCC (Sodium Chloride Cotransporter) in Dahl Salt–Sensitive Hypertension
Authors: Puleo Franco , Kim Kiyoung , Frame Alissa A. , Walsh Kathryn R. , Ferdaus Mohammed Z. , Moreira Jesse D. , Comsti Erica , Faudoa Elizabeth , Nist Kayla M. , Abkin Eric , Wainford Richard D.
Published: September 2020

Increased sympathoexcitation and renal sodium retention during high salt intake are hallmarks of the salt sensitivity of blood pressure. The mechanism(s) by which excessive sympathetic nervous system release of norepinephrine influences renal sodium reabsorption is unclear. However, studies demonstrate that norepinephrine can stimulate the activity of the NCC (sodium chloride cotransporter) and promote the development of SSH (salt-sensitive hypertension). The adrenergic signaling pathways governing NCC activity remain a significant source of controversy with opposing studies suggesting a central role of upstream α
1
- and β-adrenoceptors in the canonical regulatory pathway involving WNKs (with-no-lysine kinases), SPAK (STE20/SPS1-related proline alanine-rich kinase), and OxSR1 (oxidative stress response 1). In our previous study, α
1
-adrenoceptor antagonism in norepinephrine-infused male Sprague-Dawley rats prevented the development of norepinephrine-evoked SSH in part by suppressing NCC activity and expression. In these studies, we used selective adrenoceptor antagonism in male Dahl salt–sensitive rats to test the hypothesis that norepinephrine-mediated activation of the NCC in Dahl SSH occurs via an α
1
-adrenoceptor dependent pathway. A high-salt diet evoked significant increases in NCC activity, expression, and phosphorylation in Dahl salt–sensitive rats that developed SSH. Increases were associated with a dysfunctional WNK1/4 dynamic and a failure to suppress SPAK/OxSR1 activity. α
1
-adrenoceptor antagonism initiated before high-salt intake or following the establishment of SSH attenuated blood pressure in part by suppressing NCC activity, expression, and phosphorylation. Collectively, our findings support the existence of a norepinephrine-activated α
1
-adrenoceptor gated pathway that relies on WNK/SPAK/OxSR1 signaling to regulate NCC activity in SSH.
TÜRKİYE’DE GIDA BANKACILIĞI MEVZUATI VE UYGULAMALARI
Authors: KALA Eyüp Sabri
Published: September 2020

Gıda bankacılığı, 1967’de ABD’de emekli bir kişinin çöpe atılan ve bağışlanan diğer gıda maddelerini toplayıp ihtiyaç sahiplerine dağıtmak üzere bir depo kurmasıyla başlamış, zamanla gelişmiş ve yaygınlaşmıştır.
Türkiye’de “Gelir Vergisi” ve “Katma Değer Vergisi” kanunlarında 2003’te yapılan değişikliklerle gıda bankacılığı uygulamaya girmiştir. Gıda bankacılığı yapan vakıf ve derneklere bağışlanan gıda maddelerine KDV istisnası tanınmış, bu bağışların tamamının gelir vergisine esas olacak kazancın hesaplanmasında gelirden indirilmesi imkânı sağlanmıştır. 2004 yılından itibaren giyecek, temizlik ve yakacak maddeleri de gıda bankacılığı kapsamına alınmıştır.
Türkiye’de gıda bankacılığıyla ilgili en detaylı çalışma TBMM Dilekçe Komisyonu’nca 2016’da kurulan Alt Komisyon tarafından yapılmıştır. Kamu kurumlarından yazılı bilgi alınarak, vakıf dernek ve kamu kurumlarıyla toplantılar düzenlenerek ve yerinde incelemeler yapılarak konu hakkında rapor hazırlamış, kurumlarca neler yapılması gerektiği hususunda öneriler oluşturmuştur. Rapor TMBB Dilekçe Komisyonu Genel Kurulu’nun 08.05.2018 tarihli toplantısında görüşülmüş ve 20 sayılı Genel Kurul kararı alınmıştır.
Bu çalışmada, bir sosyal politika aracı olan gıda bankacılığıyla ilgili mevzuatımızda yer alan düzenlemeler ele alınmış, bilahare Türkiye uygulamaları incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Caffeine Boosts Preparatory Attention for Reward-related Stimulus Information
Authors: van den Berg Berry , de Jong Marlon , Woldorff Marty G. , Lorist Monicque M.
Published: September 2020

The intake of caffeine and the prospect of reward have both been associated with increased arousal, enhanced attention, and improved behavioral performance on cognitive tasks, but how they interact to exert these effects is not well understood. To investigate this question, we had participants engage in a two-session cued-reward cognitive task while we recorded their electrical brain activity using scalp electroencephalography. The cue indicated whether monetary reward could be received for fast and accurate responses to a color–word Stroop stimulus that followed. Before each session, participants ingested decaffeinated coffee with either caffeine (3-mg/kg bodyweight) or placebo (3-mg/kg bodyweight lactose). The behavioral results showed that both caffeine and reward-prospect improved response accuracy and speed. In the brain, reward-prospect resulted in an enlarged frontocentral slow wave (contingent negative variation, or CNV) and reduced posterior alpha power (indicating increased cortical activity) before stimulus presentation, both neural markers for preparatory attention. Moreover, the CNV enhancement for reward-prospect trials was considerably more pronounced in the caffeine condition as compared to the placebo condition. These interactive neural enhancements due to caffeine and reward-prospect were mainly visible in preparatory attention activity triggered by the cue (CNV). In addition, some interactive neural enhancements in the processing of the Stroop target stimulus that followed were also observed. The results suggest that caffeine facilitates the neural processes underlying attentional preparation and stimulus processing, especially for task-relevant information.
Review of the genera Berlesia Canestrini, 1884, and Katydiseius Fain & Lukoschus, 1983, the subfamily Katydiseiinae Fain & Lukoschus, 1983, and their family group relationships (Acari: Mesostigmata: Gamasina), with description of three new species parasitic on gryllacridid crickets (Orthoptera)
Authors: LINDQUIST EVERT E. , OCONNOR BARRY M. , SHAW MATTHEW D. , SIDORCHUK EKATERINA A.
Published: September 2020

The gamasine genus Berlesia Canestrini, 1884, is revived and further diagnosed, based on descriptions of adult females, males and nymphs of three new species (B. hospitabilis sp. nov., B. multisetosa sp. nov., B. vorontsovi sp. nov.) ectoparasitic on raspy crickets of three genera of Gryllacrididae (Ensifera) from Australia and the Philippines. A tight sister relationship of Berlesia with the monobasic genus Katydiseius Fain & Lukoschus, 1983, known only from a pseudophylline katydid in Malaysia, is proposed. The subfamily Katydiseiinae Fain & Lukoschus, 1983 (previously included in the family Otopheidomenidae in the superfamily Phytoseioidea) is redefined to include only those two genera, and moved to the dermanyssoid family Laelapidae, while its previously other monobasic genus, Eickwortius Zhang, 1995, is retained tentatively in the family Otopheidomenidae. Among other taxa relevant to Katydiseiinae reviewed here, Berlesia cultrigera Berlese, 1910a is transferred to the genus Orthopteroseius Mo, 1996, at present Otopheidomenidae, as Orthopteroseius cultrigerum (Berlese) comb. nov., and Berlesia nuda Berlese, 1910b is transferred to the genus Prasadiseius Wainstein, 1972, at present Otopheidomenidae, as Prasadiseius nudum (Berlese) comb. nov. A key to the two genera and five species recognized as belonging in Katydiseiinae is presented. Notable morphological traits of Berlesia, including only deutonymphs equipped with well-developed claws and males with dimorphically more elongated salivary stylets, are discussed. The one known life cycle of a species of Berlesia, B. hospitabilis sp. nov., includes protonymphipary, followed by a fully functioning deutonymph, and male copulation with pharate females—traits, rarely or not known among gamasine mite associates of invertebrates. The possible significance of elongate spermatodactyls and male reduced feeding are explored.
Morphological ontogeny of Zachvatkinibates latilamellatus (Acari: Oribatida: Punctoribatidae), and comments on Zachvatkinibates Shaldybina
Authors: SENICZAK STANISŁAW , SENICZAK ANNA , KACZMAREK SŁAWOMIR , MARQUARDT TOMASZ , SARSENOVA BIBIGUL
Published: September 2020

The morphological ontogeny of Zachvatkinibates latilamellatus Bayartogtokh & Aoki, 1998 is described and illustrated. The juveniles of this species are light brown, with several pairs of small, sclerotized depressions on the gastronotum, which are unique in Zachvatkinibates Shaldybina, 1973. The larva has 12 pairs of gastronotal setae, including h3, all are inserted on unsclerotized integument; nymphs have 15 pairs, of which c-series is inserted on individual sclerites, d-, l-, h-series and p1 are on sclerotized integument, and p2 and p3 on unsclerotized integument. In all juveniles, a porose humeral organ is present.
Morphological ontogeny of Liebstadia mongolica (Acari: Oribatida: Scheloribatidae), with comments on Liebstadia Oudemans
Authors: SENICZAK STANISŁAW , SENICZAK ANNA , KACZMAREK SŁAWOMIR , MARQUARDT TOMASZ , SARSENOVA BIBIGUL
Published: September 2020

The morphological ontogeny of Liebstadia mongolica Bayartogtokh, 2001 is described and illustrated. The juveniles of this species are elongated and unpigmented. The larva has 12 pairs of gastronotal setae, and three of them are with excentrosclerites (c2, la, lp), the nymphs have 15 pairs, and five of them are with excentrosclerites (c2, la, lp, h2, h3). In all instars, solenidion ω1 on tarsus I is curved laterally, and is shorter than ω2.
Morphological ontogeny of Oribatella hungarica (Acari: Oribatida: Oribatellidae)
Authors: SENICZAK STANISŁAW , IVAN OTILIA , MARQUARDT TOMASZ , SENICZAK ANNA
Published: September 2020

The morphological ontogeny of Oribatella hungarica Balogh, 1943 is described and illustrated. The nymphs of this species are apopheredermous, i.e. they carry the exuvial scalps of previous instars away from the dorsal integument, using modified setal pair da. The larva has 12 pairs of gastronotal setae, most of them have long barbs, except for c3 with short barbs and minute h3, whereas the nymphs have 13 pairs with short barbs (dm and dp are lacking). In the tritonymph, leg seta d on all femora and genu IV, l” on femora I and II and pair l on genua and tibiae I and II, l’ on femur III and genua and tibiae III and IV, and ft on tarsi II–IV are thicker than other setae on these segments. In all juveniles, a humeral organ is present. In the adult, epimeral seta 4c and leg seta l” on genua and tibiae I and II, and l’ on genu III and genu and tibia IV are thickened.
Unsteady Vortex Behavior in the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone
Authors: Siu Leong Wai , Bowman Kenneth P.
Published: September 2020

The Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA), which is primarily driven by the latent heat released by monsoon precipitation, is one of the dominant features of the Northern Hemisphere summer circulation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Due to variations in the diabatic heating, interactions with Rossby waves propagating along the subtropical jet, and internal dynamics within the anticyclone, the circulation of the AMA is unsteady. Here we use the ERA-Interim dataset and trajectories computed with ERA-Interim winds to show that the AMA contains two or three distinct synoptic-scale subvortices 69% of the time, while a single circulation center is present only 23% of the time. More than three simultaneous subvortices are uncommon. Observed behaviors of the subvortices include 1) splitting of a single vortex into two vortices; 2) merger of two vortices into a single vortex; 3) vortex shedding in the eastward direction; 4) vortex shedding in the westward direction; and 5) formation, movement, and dissipation of a vortex. The evolution of the subvortices is closely tied to stirring and transport.
The Western Alboran Gyre: An Analysis of Its Properties and Its Exchange with Surrounding Water
Authors: Brett Genevieve Jay , Pratt Larry J. , Rypina Irina I. , Sánchez-Garrido José C.
Published: September 2020

One of the largest and most persistent features in the Alboran Sea is the Western Alboran Gyre (WAG), an anticyclonic recirculation bounded by the Atlantic Jet (AJ) to the north and the Moroccan coast to the south. Eulerian budgets from several months of a high-resolution model run are used to examine the exchange of water across the Eulerian WAG’s boundary and the processes affecting the salinity, temperature, and vorticity of the WAG. The volume transport across the sides of the WAG is found to be related to vertical isopycnal movement at the base of the gyre. Advection is found to drive a decay in the salinity minimum and anticyclonic vorticity of the Eulerian WAG. Given the large contributions of advection, a Lagrangian analysis is performed, revealing geometric aspects of the exchange that are hidden in an Eulerian view. In particular, stable and unstable manifolds identify a stirring region around the outer reaches of the gyre where water is exchanged with the WAG on a time scale of weeks. Its complement is an inner core that expands with depth and exchanges water with its surroundings on much longer time scales. The 3D evolution of one parcel, or lobe, of water as it enters the WAG is also described, identifying a general Lagrangian subduction pathway.
School Outcomes of Children Raised by Same-Sex Parents: Evidence from Administrative Panel Data
Authors: Mazrekaj Deni , De Witte Kristof , Cabus Sofie
Published: September 2020

Although widely used in policy debates, the literature on children’s outcomes when raised by same-sex parents mostly relies on small selective samples or samples based on cross-sectional survey data. This has led to a lack of statistical power and the inability to distinguish children born to same-sex parents from children of separated parents. We address these issues by using unique administrative longitudinal data from the Netherlands, which was the first country to legalize same-sex marriage. These data include 2,971 children with same-sex parents (2,786 lesbian couples and 185 gay male couples) and over a million children with different-sex parents followed from birth. The results indicate that children raised by same-sex parents from birth perform better than children raised by different-sex parents in both primary and secondary education. Our findings are robust to use of cousin fixed effects and coarsened exact matching to improve covariate balance and to reduce model dependence. Further analyses using a novel bounding estimator suggest the selection on unobserved characteristics would have to be more than three times higher than the selection on observed characteristics to reduce the positive estimates to zero.
The scribal household in flux: Pathways of Kayastha service in eighteenth-century Western India
Authors: Vendell Dominic
Published: September 2020

Scribes in early modern South Asia relied on their skill in writing to secure the support of powerful courtly patrons. The rapid expansion of emerging regional states in the eighteenth century created new opportunities to apply these skills to administration, land-holding, and politics. This article examines the changing professional identity of the Kayastha scribal household in eighteenth-century western India. I focus on the ascendancy of the Chitnis household of Satara in the context of the growth and diversification of Kayastha employment under the Maratha sovereign Shahu Bhonsle (1682–1749). By consolidating portfolios of titles, appointments, and rights to property, ambitious scribes and secretaries, as epitomised by the career of Govind Khanderao Chitnis (d. 1785), were able to pursue riskier and more lucrative political assignments and form networks of kinsmen and associates across Maratha governments. Yet greater scrutiny and competition for state largesse, not least from within the Chitnis household itself, forced members of later generations to adopt creative and sometimes risky strategies to defend their claims to property. This article explores how the profound dislocations of political transformation in eighteenth-century South Asia enabled distinctive modes of individual and collective self-fashioning amongst skilled, upwardly mobile groups.
Low Self-Control, Substance-Using Peers and Intimate Partners, Pro-Drug Use Definitions, and Inhalant Use Among Convicted Offenders in South Korea
Authors: Choi Jaeyong , Kruis Nathan E.
Published: September 2020

Hirschi has repeatedly argued that the relationship between social learning variables and crime is a product of “self-selection” driven by low self-control (LSC). Akers’ has suggested that social learning mechanisms, such as affiliations with deviant individuals and acceptance of criminal definitions, can mediate the effects of LSC on crime. Interestingly, there has been little comparative work done to explore this mediation hypothesis in the realm of substance use for offender populations outside of the United States. This study helps fill these gaps in the literature by exploring the potential mediation effects of social learning variables on the relationship between LSC and inhalant use among a sample of 739 male offenders in South Korea. Our results provide strong support for the mediation hypothesis that LSC indirectly influences self-reported inhalant use through social learning mechanisms.
Varieties of Cognitive Profiles in Poor Readers: Evidence for a VAS-Impaired Subtype
Authors: Valdois Sylviane , Reilhac Caroline , Ginestet Emilie , Line Bosse Marie
Published: September 2020

A wide share of secondary school children does not reach the expected competence level in reading. These children could benefit from more efficient intervention responses, providing a better understanding of their cognitive weaknesses/deficits. Our aim was to explore the cognitive heterogeneity of a population of poor readers identified from a large sample of 948 sixth-grade children. We first assessed the contribution of phoneme awareness (PA), rapid automatized naming (RAN), and visual attention span (VAS) to reading performance in a subset of 281 children including poor and average readers/spellers. We show that all three skills are unique and significant predictors of reading fluency. We then restricted the analysis to participants with normal Raven’s score (IQ) and oral language skills to focus on 110 children with more specific reading difficulties. A unique VAS deficit was found in 18% of these poor readers while 20% and 15.5% showed a unique PA or RAN deficit. Children with multiple or no deficit were further identified. The overall findings provide evidence for a variety of cognitive profiles in poor readers. They suggest that, in addition to PA interventions, training programs targeting VAS might be useful for the nontrivial share of poor readers who exhibit a VAS deficit.
Do Charter Schools Worsen Conditions in Neighborhood Public Schools? An Analysis of School Safety in New York City
Authors: Hamlin Daniel
Published: September 2020

Safety has contributed to the growth of charter schools. However, charter schools may drain public schools of key resources, leading to a decline in safety in public schools. This study examines whether the opening of charter schools in New York City is associated with decreased safety in public schools. Results indicate very little or no difference in violent and non-violent offenses for public schools co-locating with charter schools and those within a quarter-mile and a half-mile of new charter schools. Charter schools in New York City may provide safer options without having a negative influence on safety in public schools.
Gendered Racism in the Lives of Black Women: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Spates Kamesha , Evans Na’Tasha , James Tierra Akilah , Martinez Karen
Published: September 2020

Historically, Black women have experienced multiple adversities due to gendered racism. While research demonstrates that gendered racism is associated with negative physical and mental health implications, little attention has been given to how being Black and female shape Black women’s experiences in multiple contexts. This study provided an opportunity for Black women to describe their lived experiences of gendered racism in the United States. We conducted in-depth interviews with Black women ( N = 22) between the ages of 18 and 69 years. We applied a thematic analysis approach to data analysis. Three themes were identified that underscored how these Black women navigated gendered racism: (a) navigating societal expectations of being Black and female, (b) navigating relationships (or lack thereof), and (c) navigating lack of resources and limited opportunities. Findings from this study provide an increased understanding of the unique challenges that Black women face because of their subordinated statuses in the United States. These findings may influence programs and assessments for Black women’s wellness.
Bilateral Cervical Pilomatricoma: A Diagnostic Dilemma for the Pediatric Otolaryngologist
Authors: Rossi Nicholas A. , Gietzen Rachelle , Clement Cecilia G. , Ohlstein Jason F. , Pine Harold S. , Szeremeta Wasyl , McKinnon Brian J. , Daram Shiva
Published: September 2020

Pilomatricomas are benign skin tumors often encountered by otolaryngologists but frequently misdiagnosed. Although they can occur at any age, they commonly present in children as a discolored superficial lesion adhered to the overlying skin. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management, which is surgical in most cases. Here, we present bilateral pilomatricomas mimicking features of several other diagnoses in a pediatric patient. The patient was successfully treated with surgical excision. This case presented a unique diagnostic challenge, as the lesions exhibited features of several common diagnoses. In general, surgical management of pilomatricoma is curative, and recurrence is rare.
A [White] Cyborg’s Manifesto: the overwhelmingly Western ideology driving technofeminist theory
Authors: DeCook Julia R
Published: September 2020

‘A Cyborg Manifesto’ is a required reading in many graduate programs to explore technofeminism, transhumanism, and studies of science and technology to explore notions of gender, race, and other minoritized identities. However, in this essay, I note the ways that Haraway’s piece still exacerbates categories of difference, and my own difficulties and critiques of the cyborg identity. I encourage readers to not only consider its importance, but also the limits of the cyborg identity, and how the concept of cyborg itself is fraught with a Western, patriarchal violence that cannot be ignored in the greater context of technology and technological innovation. Although useful in imagining a departure from traditional categories of difference, I inquire as to whether it upholds the very things it purported to dismantle, and explore other scholars’ works in challenging the concept. Ultimately, ‘cyborgs’ are not outside of the politics within which they exist, and must be interpreted in relation to other identity categories without upholding whiteness and Western epistemologies as the center.
Social Resources as Cognitive Structures: Thinking about a Dense Support Network Increases Perceived Support
Authors: Lee David S. , Stahl Jonathan L. , Bayer Joseph B.
Published: September 2020

Two experiments examined how the ways in which people mentally represent their personal networks affect perceptions of social support. Social support research often uses “name generators” in which individuals are asked to choose how many people they receive support from, resulting in cognitive networks that confound size and density. Taking a fixed size approach, Study 1 showed that the density of chronically activated networks predicted perceived support in both emotional and informational domains. Study 2 assigned participants to think of a dense or sparse personal network of equal size to test whether experimentally manipulated density can influence perceived support. Results indicated that thinking of a dense (vs. sparse) network led to higher perceived support, which in turn promoted more confidence in coping with life stressors. Collectively, these studies highlight how moment-to-moment changes in cognitive networks can influence social resources and explicate key psychological mechanisms tied to cognitive social structures.
Renewing the Promise and Potential of School-Based Management
Authors: Brunning Maurice , Fischetti John , Smith Maxwell
Published: September 2020

School-based management (SBM) remains a “hot topic” in educational circles. This article explores the reality of SBM internationally. It focusses on the perceptions of selected Australian public secondary principals who reflect on the drivers and impediments affecting their capacity to lead school-based innovation. While broadly supportive of SBM, the participants indicated that authority to make effective local decisions was ambiguous and inhibiting in the face of the managing system’s policies, procedures, and supervisory processes.
Mapping Universal Access Experiences for Public Transport in Latin America
Authors: Hidalgo Darío , Urbano Camilo , Olivares Claudio , Tinjacá Natalia , Pérez José Manuel , Pardo Carlos Felipe , Rodríguez Manuel , Granada Isabel , Navas Cristian , Glen Claudia , Ramos Camila , Gutierrez María Clara , Pedraza Lauramaría
Published: September 2020

A new methodology for universal accessibility is proposed to identify barriers in public transport accessibility and travel experience. The methodology focuses on the travel experience of people with disabilities and people with temporary restrictions in physical mobility. The methodology not only focuses on aspects of the planning, design, and operation of public transport systems, but also emphasizes sensitive aspects of user experience, considering satisfaction and emotions. The methodology maps tavel experiences using ethnographic methods and provides a graphical depiction of the trip. This helps in identifying key elements for improving accessibility when planning, implementing, and operating public transport systems. The methodology has two parts: (i) traveling along and observing a complete and common trip of people with a permanent or temporary disability or mobility restrictions, and (ii) analyzing and observing the travel experience. The methodology was applied in Bogotá, Santiago de Chile, and Medellín. The results of the methodology allowed us to formulate policy recommendations to improve the transportation systems of these cities in the short, medium, and long term. The methodology is applicable to other transit systems.
The internal group space
Authors: Scott Michael , Walshe John
Published: September 2020

In this article we describe dynamic structures and relationships that arise in the internal space of groups, a space which materializes from the unconscious internal world of each group member and within the group as a whole. We use keys and doors as metaphors to explicate our understanding of the internal dynamics. We give examples of how these metaphors can be used to understand the structure, the function and the relationships within the group. The possible connections of these ideas to other theoretical frameworks are discussed.
Factor Analysis and Variance Partitioning in Intelligence Test Research: Clarifying Misconceptions
Authors: Dombrowski Stefan C. , McGill Ryan J. , Canivez Gary L. , Watkins Marley W. , Beaujean A. Alexander
Published: September 2020

This article addresses conceptual and methodological shortcomings regarding conducting and interpreting intelligence test factor analytic research that appeared in the Decker, S. L., Bridges, R. M., Luedke, J. C., & Eason, M. J. (2020). Dimensional evaluation of cognitive measures: Methodological confounds and theoretical concerns. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment. Advance online publication article.
Women’s Rights and the Feminists’ “Dirty Plans”: Media Discourses During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Russia
Authors: Andreeva Anna , Drozhashchikh Nataliia , Nelaeva Galina
Published: September 2020

In this brief, the authors examine Russian media discourses on domestic violence during the COVID-19 global pandemic. With the introduction of restrictive measures against the virus, such as physical distancing measures, cordoning off cities, a 2-week travel quarantine, and others, media reports started to emphasize growing numbers of domestic violence cases and the insufficiency of measures to help the victims. Russian media frequently linked the incidents of violence under lockdown to the absence of adequate legislative measures. Importantly, Russian media reports referenced a proposed draft law on domestic violence that had been actively debated throughout the second half of 2019 but was not adopted. Traditionalist groups, who believed the special law was not necessary, countered media reports insisting that family remained the safest place for people under the pandemic. Drawing on a constructivist paradigm and using critical discourse analysis and content analysis, this article examines media representations of domestic violence during the COVID-19 health pandemic, as well as media narratives over the perception of the state faced with the two insurmountable tasks: to contain the epidemic and protect the most vulnerable members of the society. We argue that despite the increasing influence of traditionalist ideas in Russian foreign and domestic policy-making, the COVID-19 pandemic can provide human rights activists and social workers with a renewed opportunity to frame the necessity of a special domestic violence law as means to protect the interests of the most vulnerable members of the society during crisis situations.
Silver nanowire loaded self-healing EVA films
Authors: Hicyilmaz Ayse Sezer , Bedeloglu Ayse Celik
Published: September 2020

In this study, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) transparent nanocomposite films, which heal easily with the inclusion of a low amount of silver nanowire (AgNw), were produced. For this purpose, first AgNw was homogeneously dispersed in the polymer solution and then, nanocomposite films were produced from the solutions by casting method. The thermal, mechanical and optical properties of the produced films were characterized. Self-healing properties of nanocomposite films were confirmed by optical microscopy and mechanical tests. Optical microscope results showed that the optimum recovery temperature was 130°C and the addition of a small amount (5% w/w) of AgNw reduced the recovery time of the scratch on EVA film reducing the healing time by 66.66% (from 15 minutes to 5 minutes). In addition, tensile test results supported the optical microscope results. DSC results showed that the regular crystal regions were formed in composite films due to the high thermal conductivity and nucleating agent effect of AgNw. On the other hand, DSC curves proved that the healing process was occurred via re-entanglement of the polymer chains by heat effect, while silver nanowire addition did not affect the mechanical strength and transparency of the films, significantly. AgNw-loaded-EVA-based self-healing transparent films can be used for applications such as tempered glass laminates, electrical cables, coatings, packages, especially to protect the product and reduce the cost of repair.
Influence of polycaprolactone and titanium phosphate in the composites based upon recycled polypropylene
Authors: Quinelato Raquel RR , Albitres Gerson AV , Mariano Danielle M , Freitas Daniela FS , Mendes Luis C , Rodrigues Dayana C , Filho Marcus Ferreira
Published: September 2020

The influence of polycaprolactone (PCL) and nano titanium phosphate, pristine (TiP) and Jeffamine™ modified (JETiP), was investigated in composites derived from recycled polypropylene/polycaprolactone/titanium phosphate (PPr/PCL/TiP and PPr/PCL/JETiP). The TiP was synthesized and chemically modified with amine and the composite processed in a Haake rheometer. Improvement of PPr thermal stability was revealed. Reduction of PPr cooling crystallization temperature (9°C) and crystallinity degree (∼5–10%) were registered. Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance time domain revealed enhance of molecular mobility which was associated to the diminution of PPr crystallinity. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the composite PPr/PCL/JETiP did not show phosphate diffraction angle. It was understood as polymer intercalation into modified titanium phosphate galleries. At low temperature, the storage modulus increased by the presence of PCL and phosphates evidencing reinforcement. Both PPr/PCL/TiP and PPr/PCL/JETiP composites yielded phase separation systems revealed by two peaks in the loss modulus curves. Also, the high PPr participation effectiveness degree on the PCL-rich phase was understood as owing to the interaction between PCL and phosphates.
Intelligent optimal controller design applied to quarter car model based on non-asymptotic observer for improved vehicle dynamics
Authors: Haddar Maroua , Chaari Riadh , Baslamisli S Caglar , Chaari Fakher , Haddar Mohamed
Published: September 2020

A novel active suspension control strategy is introduced to improve dynamic response of vehicle suspension systems. The proposed algorithm is a fusion of classical controller design methods together with an online observer and is based on the cancelation of system disturbances. The operational calculus method and the differential algebraic theory are applied to build the observer/compensator that is appended to the classical linear quadratic regulator. An ultra-local model based on linear algebraic rules is presented avoiding the use of a precise mathematical model while guaranteeing the stability of the overall system. Simplicity of implementation, low power demand and significant enhancement of active suspension performance are the observed features of the proposed controller. The numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness and the robustness against sprung mass variation of the proposed control method compared to proportional–integral–derivative controller, intelligent proportional–derivative controller, linear quadratic regulator and active disturbance rejection—linear quadratic regulator.
Shocking Escape: A Cardiac Escape Room for Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Morrell Briyana , Eukel Heidi N
Published: September 2020

Background.

Cardiovascular content is challenging for students to master in the undergraduate nursing curriculum. Educational escape rooms have been shown to be useful in increasing student knowledge, immersing students in the learning process, and facilitating the growth of soft skills among learners.

Aim.

This article details a cardiovascular educational escape room in an undergraduate nursing course, including educational objectives, design considerations, and all materials for seamless transferability into other curricula.

Methods.

Faculty designed, implemented, evaluated, and revised a nursing cardiovascular escape room over three years. In this sequential-style escape room, junior-level students worked together in groups to complete nine puzzles and activities. The student teams solved puzzles during the allotted 60 minutes to save a fictional patient at risk for further clinical deterioration related to cardiogenic shock. Participants complete activities including drug dosage calculations, rebus puzzles, multiple choice items, and clinical reasoning activities based around course and licensing objectives for the content area in nursing education. Upon game conclusion, faculty lead a guided debriefing to close the loop of learning. The escape room has been implemented for groups ranging from 31 to 68 students in each cohort.

Results.

Previously published results on this topic indicate that student content knowledge improved after the event. Students also reflected growth in confidence, critical thinking, and teamwork and also appreciated the real-life nature of the activity. The educational game can be adapted and transferred to other schools of nursing or clinical sites.