bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Self-inspected Adaptive SMOTE Algorithm (SASMOTE) for Highly Imbalanced Data Classification in Healthcare
Authors: Kosolwattana Tanapol , Liu Chenang , Hu Renjie , Han Shizhong , Chen Hua , Lin Ying
Published: May 2022

In many healthcare applications, datasets for classification may be highly imbalanced due to the rare occurrence of target events such as disease onset. The SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique) algorithm has been developed as an effective resampling method for imbalanced data classification by oversampling samples from the minority class. However, samples generated by SMOTE may be ambiguous, low-quality and non-separable with the majority class. To enhance the quality of generated samples, we proposed a novel self-inspected adaptive SMOTE (SASMOTE) model that leverages an adaptive nearest neighborhood selection algorithm to identify the “visible” nearest neighbors, which are used to generate samples precisely falling into the minority class. To further enhance the quality of generated samples, an uncertainty elimination via self-inspection approach is introduced in the proposed SASMOTE model, which filters out the synthetic data with high uncertainty and that are inseparable with the majority class. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through two real-world case studies in healthcare, including risk gene discovery and fatal congenital heart disease prediction, and compared with existing SMOTE-based algorithms. By generating the higher quality synthetic samples, the proposed algorithm is able to help achieve better prediction performance (in terms of F1 score) compared to the other methods, which is promising to enhance the usability of machine learning models on highly imbalanced healthcare data.
Understanding the clean cooking policy challenge in sub-Saharan Africa using a geospatial approach
Authors: Khavari Babak , Ramirez Camilo , Jeuland Marc , Nerini Francesco Fuso
Published: May 2022

Universal clean cooking is one of the key targets under Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7, and has implications for several other SDGs, such as good health and well-being, gender equality and the climate goals. Yet, 2.6 billion people globally still lack access to clean cooking. The situation is especially dire in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where only 16% use clean stoves and fuels. We develop, and apply to SSA, the first open-source spatial tool comparing the relative potential of different cookstoves based on their costs and benefits. Our results suggest a severe market failure as the currently most used solution, traditional cookstoves, have the lowest social net-benefit nearly everywhere in SSA. Correcting this failure would deliver significant health, time and emission benefits. The presence of severe market failures and behavioral obstacles require targeted policies to both increase the understanding and internalize benefits and externalities from the adoption of clean cooking.
Identification of key biomarkers and immune infiltration in the peripheral blood of osteoarthritis by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Ma Tiancong , Zhao Guanglei , Huang Xin , Lyu Jinyang , Huang Gangyong , Wang Siqun , Wei Yibing , Xia Jun
Published: May 2022

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic arthritis disease characterized by cartilage degeneration, sub-cartilage bone hyperplasia, osteophyte formation and joint space stenosis. Traditionally, OA treatment consists of pain management with joint replacement for end-stage disease. Patients diagnosed with OA have developed irreversible organic changes, so the focus should be shifted to prevention, early diagnosis and intervention of OA.Methods The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the gene expression profile GSE48556 from the GEO database, and functional enrichment analyses were performed. Boruta algorithm and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis were used to select hub genes, then we used the LightGBM to evaluate the accuracy of hub genes prediction for OA. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the immune infiltration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) between OA and normal controls.Results A total of 35 DEGs including 29 downregulated genes and 6 upregulated genes were mainly involved in ﻿response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF-mediated signaling pathway through GO analysis and were mainly enriched in cAMP signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway through KEGG. The LightGBM prediction of the hub gene model showed that area under curve (AUC) of ROC curve and PR curve reached 0.988 and 0.996 respectively in verification set, indicating that hub genes have a high diagnostic accuracy for OA. Gene ADRB2 was the only up-regulated gene in OA group. H3F3B showed the largest AUC which means a high diagnostic power of OA. From the immune infiltration analysis, the content of CD8+ T cells and resting mast cells showed significant differences between the two groups and hub genes were closely related to immune cells.Conclusion The hub genes in PBMCs between OA and normal controls may potentially serve as biomarkers in both prevention and diagnosis of OA and indicate for the exploration of the mechanism of OA.
Cost and time reduction of industrial mold design and manufacturing by implementing additive manufacturing for premature neonatal prong
Authors: mirnia kayvan , Heidarzadeh Mohammad , Maghsoudi Amid , Pourashouri Zahra ,   Abbas Abaei Kashan5
Published: May 2022

Introduction: For a long time, molding was one of the most important methods of producing metal, ceramic, and polymer materials. The two essential factors in this method were always cost and time. Nowadays, with a computer and additive manufacturing technology, you can design in 3D. This article describes how to reduce the time and cost to get the final product using 3D-Printers. The design and production of molds for premature neonatal respiratory aid, called "Prong," were applied based on neonatologists' considerations.Method: This study is performed in Alzahra hospital in Tabriz University on fifteen very low birth neonates from September 2017 till September 2019. In the first section, we described dental plaster material for molding. To use this material, select the printing material to control the parameters, including melting temperature and printer speed, so that the final sample results with acceptable quality. If the final three-dimensional design is suitable, various objects can be printed using CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software.Results: By using additive manufacturing technology, we achieved a new design with a little creativity and trial and error, and we also solved bubble problems at a low cost. So, we designed some cavities in the new mold to ensure that silicon takes up all of the mold space and provides a way to exit the bubble in the silicon.Conclusion: To achieve an optimal and final design for prong mold. Using 3D printers helps us reduce production costs and time and optimize the design. Finally, the CNC machine produced the ultimate mold made of aluminum. We tested the final product in Al-Zahra Hospital in Tabriz in Iran, and the results were satisfactory, and there were no reports of necrosis on the babies' noses.
CosSinO: A Trigonometric Rule-based Deterministic Gaming Algorithm in a Multi-player Environment
Authors: Sahu Shiv kumar , Panigrahi Niranjan
Published: May 2022

Game Playing has been an attractive field of research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) domain. Different category of games are evolved since its inspection which are based on rules and heuristics and investigated under AI scope. In this article, we have presented a trigonometric rule-based, multi-player board game, named as CosSinO, with its graphical layout, playing rules and the deterministic algorithm. The auxiliary data structure needed for the algorithm is a Trigonometric Function Mapper (TFM) which is realized as a look-up table. The output of the game is stored in a score table which is basically an n x m matrix where n is the number of players and m is the number of mutually agreed trials among the players. The time and space complexity of the algorithm is proven to be polynomial and is O (nm). The game in its physical form has been tested exhaustively by exposing it to different group of players and it is proven to be an exciting game among trigonometry lovers
Evaluating the Knowledge about Older Patients Quiz and the Kogan's Attitudes towards Old People Scale for Nursing Students’ Gerontological Learning Experiences in Ghana.
Authors: Abudu-Birresborn Diana , Brennenstuhl Sarah , Puts Martine , McCleary Lynn , Yakong Vida , Chu Charlene H , Cranley Lisa
Published: May 2022

Background: Understanding nursing students’ knowledge about and attitudes towards older adults’ using a context-specific survey instrument may help to identify, and design effective learning and teaching materials to improve the care for older adults. The study aimed to evaluate the items on the Knowledge about Older Patients Quiz and the Kogan's Attitudes towards Old People Scale suitable for the African context. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using second- and third-year nursing students from two public Nursing Training Institutions in Ghana. Data were collected from December 2019 - March 2020 using the Knowledge about Older Patients Quiz and the Kogan’s Attitudes Towards Old People Scale. Item response theory was employed to evaluate the difficulty level and discrimination indices of the Knowledge about Older Patients Quiz. Corrected item-to-total correlation analysis was conducted for the Kogan's Attitudes towards Old People scale. The internal consistency for both scales was examined.Results: Of the 170 participants, 169 returned completed surveys. The mean age of participants was 21years (SD = 3.7), and (54%) were female. Of the 30-items of the Knowledge about Older Patients Quiz, seven items were very difficult for most of the students to choose the correct response, and one was easy, as most of the students chose the correct response. Although, 22 items demonstrated appropriate difficulty level, discrimination indices, were used to select the final 15- items that discriminated moderately between upper and lower 25% performing students. The Kuder-Richardson-20 reliability was 0.30. Considering the Kogan's Attitudes towards Old People scale, 10-items were removed following negative and low corrected item-to-total correlation and a high Alpha coefficient if items were deleted. The final 22-items had a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.65.Conclusion: Evaluation of the scales demonstrated essential content validity and moderate internal consistency for the context of our study. Further research should focus on ongoing context specific refinement of the survey instruments to measure nursing students’ knowledge about and attitudes towards the care of older adults in the African context.
Natural history and cycle threshold values analysis of the first factory outbreak of the delta variant of COVID-19 in Xiamen, China
Authors: Deng Bin , Liu Weikang , Guo Zhinan , Yang Tianlong , Huang Jiefeng , Abudunaibi Buasiyamu , Zhang Yidun , Ouyang Xue , Wang Demeng , Su Chenghao , Chen Tianmu
Published: May 2022

Objective: This study elaborated the natural history parameters of Delta variant, explored the differences in detection cycle thresholds (Ct) among cases.Method: Natural history parameters were calculated based on the different onset times and exposure times of the cases. Intergenerational relationships between generations of cases were calculated. Differences in Ct values of cases by gender, age, and mode of detection were analyzed statistically to assess the detoxification capacity of cases.Result: The median incubation period was 4 days; the detection time for cases decreased from 25 to 7 hours as the outbreak continued. The mean intergenerational, intergenerational infectiousness and intergenerational symptomatology were 3.6, 1.67 and 1.7 days. Among the Ct values, we found little differences in testing across companies, but there were some differences in the gender of detected genes. The Ct values continuous to decreased with age, but increased when the age was greater than 60.Conclusion: This epidemic was caused by the aggregation of factories. The effective reproduction number and real-time reproduction number were calculated using symptom intergenerational relationship (SI). And the analysis of Ct values can improve the positive detection rate and improve prevention and control measures.
Deviating HER2 test results in gastric cancer – analysis from the prospective multicenter VARIANZ study
Authors: Kolbe Katharina , Haffner Ivonne , Schierle Katrin , Maier Dieter , Geier Birgitta , Luber Birgit , Bläker Hendrik , Wittekind Christian , Lordick Florian
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The prospective multicenter VARIANZ study aimed to identify resistance biomarkers for HER2-targeted treatment in advanced gastric and esophago-gastric junction cancer (GC, EGJC). HER2 test deviations were found in 90 (22.3%) of 404 cases (central versus local testing) and were associated with a negative impact on survival for trastuzumab treated patients. Here, we investigated methodological and biological variables that may promote deviating HER2 test results.
Methods
We analyzed HER2 testing procedures and participation in quality assurance programs of 105 participating local pathology laboratories. Furthermore, tumor localization and histological subtypes were compared between patients with centrally confirmed (central HER2+ /local HER2+, n = 68) and unconfirmed HER2 status (central HER2- /local HER2+, n = 68).
Results
Central confirmation of the local HER2 immunohistochemical (IHC) scores were seen for the majority of locally HER2- IHC 0/1 (172/178; 96.6%), but less frequently for locally IHC3+ (57/124; 46.0%) cases. The deviation rate was not associated with the IHC antibody platform used in the local pathology institute neither with participation in quality-assuring round robin tests. Regarding tumor characteristics, deviating test results were more frequently found in GC vs. EGJC (69.1% vs. 39.7%; p = 0.001) and in Laurén diffuse vs. intestinal subtype (23.5% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.004).
Conclusion
Tumor localization and histological subtype have an impact on HER2 test deviation rates. Assessment of HER2 remains challenging and has an impact on survival outcomes of patients treated with trastuzumab for advanced GC and EGJC.
The Prevalence of Gingivitis and Related Risk Factors in Schoolchildren Aged 6–12 Years Old
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Xu Jianhui , Li Siwei , Wang Xueqin , Liu Jin , Li Xin
Published: May 2022

Background: Although epidemiological studies have consistently shown that gingivitis is a common disease, there is considerable variation between prevalence rates. This study aimed to understand the epidemiological characteristics of gingivitis, including prevalence, severity, intraoral distribution, and associated risk factors of each classification of gingivitis, in children aged 6–12 years in Jinzhou, China.Methods: A multistage, whole-group, randomized sample of 2,880 children aged 6–12 years in Jinzhou City, China, was selected and clinically examined. Each selected child completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic factors and oral health behaviors associated with gingivitis in collaboration with the investigator and teacher. Bleeding gums were recorded using the gingival index, and bleeding gum was defined as gingivitis when the number of bleeding teeth was greater than or equal to 10% of the number of teeth examined. Gingivitis was further categorized into localized gingivitis (30%≥number of teeth positive for gingival bleeding≥10%) and generalized gingivitis (number of positive for gingival bleeding >30%).Results: The prevalence of gingivitis in children aged 6–12 years in Jinzhou was 28.58%, including 701 cases of localized gingivitis (24.3%) and 122 cases of generalized gingivitis (4.2%). There were 429 cases (28.3%) of gingivitis in males and 394 cases (28.9%) in females, with no statistically significant difference in prevalence between males and females (P>0.05). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analysis showed that aging, tusk, plaque, and dental crowding were significantly associated with a high prevalence of gingivitis.Conclusions: Our study showed that tartar, heavy plaque, poor oral health behavior, and oral health awareness are associated with the prevalence of gingivitis and maintaining children's oral health requires professional guidance and regular preventive care.
Effect of magnesium sulfate on retinal dopaminergic neurons in rats with 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Huang Leyi , Lin Renxi , Zhang Chunying , Lin Ling
Published: May 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. The main pathological features of PD are the degeneration and death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra-striatal pathway and the accumulation of Lewy bodies in neurons. In addition to the well-known hallmark symptoms such as resting tremor and muscle rigidity, Parkinson's patients also experience non-motor symptoms such as visual disturbances, hyposmia, and sleep disturbances. At the same time, visual disturbances appear earlier than motor symptoms. The visual dysfunction in early-stage of Parkinson's disease indicates the occurrence and development of the disease. The visual dysfunction in Parkinson's disease is due to the damage of retinal dopamine neurons. This study found that magnesium sulfate supplementation can effectively delay the death of retinal dopamine neurons in 6-OHDA induced rat model of PD and improve the motor symptoms of rats with anxiety-like behavior. Therefore, magnesium sulfate may provide a new option for the early diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Cue-induced temporal attention affects contrast response function by response gain
Authors: Jing Chengxu , Zeng Yongjie , Li Wenxia , Chen Yao , Huang Dan
Published: May 2022

Orienting attention to a specific point in time has been shown to improve the contrast sensitivity at the attended time point and impair it earlier or later. This phenomenon could be explained by temporal attention increasing the effective contrast of target presented at the attended time point which leads to changes in contrast psychometric function by contrast gain. Another explanation is that temporal attention proportionally amplifies the amplitude of (behavioral or neural) response to contrast, resulting in alterations in contrast psychometric function by response gain. To explore the underlying mechanism, we adopted a temporal cueing orientation discrimination task using audio pre-cues composed of different frequency components to induce different attentional bias in time domain and targets of various contrast intensities to measure contrast psychometric functions. Obtained psychometric functions for contrast sensitivity were fitted for different conditions with discrepant attention states in time. We found that temporal attention manipulated by cue affected contrast psychometric function by response gain, indicating that multiplying contrast response of visual target occurring at the selected point in time by a fixed factor is a crucial way for temporal attention to modulate perceptual processing.
Panitumumab-associated stomatitis in metastatic colorectal cancer patients: clinical characterization and pathogenic considerations
Authors: Gomes-Silva Wagner , Vechiato-Filho Aljomar José , Luiz Ana Cláudia , Guollo André , de Oliveira Maria Cecília Querido , Gomes-Neves Maurício , Caparelli Fernanda Cunha , Brandão Thais Bianca
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report the clinical characterization and management of oral lesions affecting metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients undergoing panitumumab-containing regimens. Methods: Electronic medical records of mCRC patients referred to treat mouth sores during the treatment with the EGFR monoclonal antibody – panitumumab – were retrospectively reviewed at two centers. Patients’ characterization, clinical profile of oral lesions and management outcomes were documented. Additionally, modifications or discontinuation of the antineoplastic treatment as well as the occurrence of other adverse events (AEs) were analyzed. Results: A total of 8 patients were included. The oral lesions appeared in a mean time of 9 days (range 7-11 days) following the first cycles. Mean reported pain scores was 6 (range 1-9), causing feeding discomfort. The oral lesions showed a marked aphthous-like appearance in all cases and involved non-keratinized mucosa more likely. Painful atrophic tongue lesions (25%) and angular fissures (37.5%) were also observed. Two patients (25%) required dose reductions or interruptions of the antineoplastic treatment and 1 patient (12,5%) needed discontinuation due to panitumumab-associated stomatitis. Dermatologic AEs were the most prevalent. Clinical improvement was obtained in all patients following management with topical corticosteroid therapy and/or photobiomodulation. Conclusion: Panitumumab-containing regimes were associated with a particular pattern of oral lesions consistent with stomatitis. Although the lesions responded satisfactorily to corticosteroids and photobiomodulation, modifications or discontinuation of the antineoplastic treatment may eventually occur. Anti-EGFR effects of panitumumab on oral mucosa cells homeostasis seem to play a central role in the pathogenesis of this event.
Weighted composition, Volterra and Integral operators on Hardy Zygmund-type spaces
Authors: Hassanlou Mostafa , Abbasi Ebrahim
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we investigate weighted composition, Volterra and Integral operators on second derivative Hardy spaces. Some equivalent conditionsfor boundedness of the operators will be given using the boundedness on the Hardy spaces. Also we give a criteria forcompactness of weighted composition operators.
Taper off treatment can improve executive functions and regulate expression of BDNF and 5HTTPLR genes in opium abusers after six months period
Authors: Dezhakam Ani , Dezhakam Hossein , Haghighatfard Arvin
Published: May 2022

Opium is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy. Opium addiction is the most prevalent addiction in Iranian society. During the last two decades "congress 60" a nongovernmental organization, has been performed a taper off treatment of opium associated with a package of psychological treatment group classes. While the effectiveness of taper off method in opium addiction has been confirmed, molecular mechanisms of this treatment in addicts are not clarified. BDNF gene is a brain-derived neurotrophic factor which is related to several molecular mechanisms of the brain including memory. 5-HTTPLR is a transporter of serotonin that is related to the decision-making process. In present study mRNA level of BDNF and 5-HTTPLR genes in peripheral blood of 20 non-psychiatric persons and 79 opium addicted individuals before and after six months period of taper off treatment was examined by using Real-Time PCR and confirmed by protein level analysis using Western blotting. In addition, executive functions including memory and decision making were analyzed in all participants. Results showed significant down expression of BDNF and 5-HTTPLR in addict persons vs. non psychiatric persons. Also significantly increase detected in BDNF (p < 0.01) and 5-HTTPLR (p < 0.01) expression level in addicts after six months of therapy period. Similar results with gene expression results revealed in protein level analysis. Also, significant improvements in memory and decision making were revealed in addicts after therapy and these improvements were correlated with the expression level of BDNF and 5-HTTPLR. Findings revealed the effect of opium abuse and taper off treatment on the expression of BDNF and 5-HTTPLR. In addition, the association of BDNF mRNA level with psychological states of addict's individuals detected. Results of the present study may help to a better understanding of molecular and neuropsychological mechanisms of opium addiction and taper off treatment. Also, present BDNF and 5-HTTPLR as potential markers for screening the effectiveness of different kinds of addiction treatment.
Protective effect of Allium Scorodoprasum L. ethanolic extract in cyclophosphamide- induced hepatotoxicity model in rats Short Title: Allium Scorodoprasum L. extract can be protective in hepatotoxicity
Authors: GUNGOR Hüseyin , EKICI Mehmet , KARATAS Ozhan , DiK Burak
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Cyclophosphamide(CP) is a chemotherapeutic agent and immunosuppressant drug however it damages the liver. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Allium scorodoprasum(ASE) on CP-induced liver injury. Methods: A total of 28 Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=7/group): Healthy, CP(200 mg/kg), CP(200 mg/kg)+ASE(100 mg/kg), CP(200 mg/kg)+ASE(200mg/kg). ASE was administered for 14 days, and the rats were euthanized 24 hours after CP administration. Results: CP Treatment leads to an increase in serum levels ALT, AST, LDH, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and liver levels MDA, TNF, IL-1β and IL-6, while HDL levels decrease, statistically. Treatment with CP caused liver necrosis and postnecrotic cell infiltration; however, the pathologic changes were prevented by ASE. Immunohistochemically, 8-OhDG, 4-HNE, and diTYR levels increased in the treatment with CP, whereas they decreased in the groups treated with ASE. All these changes were dose dependent in the ASE-treated groups. Conclusion: The treatment with CP caused liver damage due to oxidative stress and inflammation. ASE regulated the damage at high doses because it has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ingredients. In future studies, it may be more beneficial to use ASE in higher doses or for a longer period of time.
Primary central nervous system CD20-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A case report
Authors: Luo Shuai , Huang Xiang , Li Yao , Wang Jinjing
Published: May 2022

Background: CD20-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is a very rare and heterogeneous invasive cancer characterized by chemical resistance and poor prognosis. Primary CD20-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system is even rarer, presenting great challenges in pathological diagnosis and clinical treatment.Case Presentation: We report a case of primary CD20-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the CNS in a 54-year-old woman admitted to the hospital with a headache lasting more than 10 days. CT and MRI scans showed right temporal lobe lymphoma. Microscopically, large infiltrating lymphoid cells that induced brain tissue damage were observed. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were CD79a+, PAX-5+, MUM1+, and CD20-. The patient was diagnosed with lymphoma and transferred to an oncology hospital for chemotherapy.Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first reported cases of unclassifiable CD20-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma located in the CNS. This case report aims to deepen the understanding of clinicopathological features of this type of lymphoma and expand the scope of this disease.
A machine learning model for three years survival state prediction of HPSCC patients via multi parameters
Authors: Li Zufei , Ding Shuo , Zhong Qi , Fang Jugao , Chen Xiaohong , Huang Junwei , Zhang Yang , Huang Zhigang
Published: May 2022

Background and Objective: The survival rate of patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) was poor. The aim of this study was to establish a prediction model to predict the 3-year survival state of HPSCC patients by using artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. Methods: The survival and clinical-pathological data of 295 patients with HPSCC in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. 70% of the data were set as training sets and the other 30% were set as test sets. Total 22 clinical parameters which may correlated to the survival states of HPSCC patients were included as the training features. Total 12 kinds of different machine learning (ML) algorithms were used for model construction and were evaluated to find the model with the best model performance. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), as well as Cohen's kappa coefficient were used to evaluated the model performance. Results: We successfully conducted a 3-year survival prediction model of HPSCC patients based on the above clinical features by using XGBoost algorithm, which is the algorithm with the best model performance among all the 12 ML algorithms. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, area under ROC (AUC), and kappa value of the model were 80.9%, 92.6%, 62.9%, 77.7%, 58.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The XGBoost algorithm can construct a relatively reliable prediction model of 3-year survival state of HPSCC patients. The proposed model can offer a new prognostic evaluation method for clinical treatment of HPSCC.
Uptake of the Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine and Associated Factors Among Girls Aged 9-14 Years in Buikwe District: a Cross Sectional Study.
Authors: Ndibazza Catherine , Barugahare Banson John
Published: May 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the leading public health global concerns. Our study aimed at determining the level of uptake of the HPV vaccine and associated factors among Ugandan girls 9-14 years, to inform policy accordingly.Methodology: A cross-sectional study using mixed methods was carried out. Quantitative data were entered using Epidata and exported to Stata 14 for cleaning and analysis. Atlas.ti 6 software was used in thematic qualitative data analysis.Results: Only 30% of the girls whose mothers/caretakers were civil servants received the HPV vaccine P = 0.049, AOR=1.78 (1.00-3.18), CI=95%). Girls whose caretakers accessed health information were 2.68 times more likely to uptake the HPV vaccine (P = 0.004, AOR = 2.68(1.36-5.26), CI = 95%). To the extreme, girls whose mothers/caretakers had never heard about HPV vaccines and thought getting vaccinated is not important were less likely to uptake the HPV vaccine (P = 0.030, AOD = 0.31 (0.10-0.89), CI=95%) and (P = 000, AOD = 0.12 (0.05-0.28), CI=95%) respectively. Girls whose mothers/caretakers accessed health information through the health workers (P = 0.004, AOR = 2.68(1.36-5.26), CI = 95%) were 2.68 times more likely to uptake the HPV vaccine than any other girls in reference category.Conclusion: The level of HPV vaccine uptake among girls 9-14 years remains significantly low at 30% in Buikwe district. Vaccine uptake was negatively affected by level of formal education and health education awareness among the mothers/caretakers. There should be strategies to improve vaccine awareness and update among the key stakeholders. Nevertheless, health education enhances vaccine update and should be improved for better outcomes.
Analytical solution of the steady Navier-Stokes equation for a compressible fluid entrained by a rotating disk of finite radius using the apparatus of tunnel mathematics (subsonic case).
Authors: G. Shvydkyi O.
Published: May 2022

Equations of tunnel mathematics [3] can be applied for solving the steady Navier-Stokes equation for compressible fluid while the motion of fluid particles is described by means the velocity as a vector function. The principles of application are similar to those for incompressible fluid [2]. Especially this concerns to boundary conditions imposed on a disk surface which remain unchanged. The motion of compressible fluid entrained by a rotating disk of finite radius exhibits complex interaction pattern of main stream and compression and rarefaction simple cylindrical waves propagating in fluid (Fig. 1). If the velocity of main stream is subsonic then these simple cylindrical waves propagate in both direction of cylindrical polar coordinate r, if supersonic then only in direction of increasing of r coordinate. If the velocity of main stream becomes supersonic then forming of a shock wave is possible. However, it is impossible to reach the supersonic velocity for a fluid entrained by a rotating disk of finite radius since the only presence of centrifugal forces is not suffice for this. Moreover, when the velocity of main stream become comparable with that of sound the considerable heating of the gas and the disk occurs and we then should to deal with the equations of motion in the boundary layer together with the equation of heat transfer in it [1, p. 162, footnote]. Since the steady Navier-Stokes equation cannot describe oscillations of fluid particles obtained expressions of velocity projections and pressure relate to their time averaged values. We suppose that Reynolds number is enough large and the viscosity has in important effect on the motion of fluid only in a very small region near the disk (boundary layer). We also suppose that the fluid and the disk had at beginning the same temperatures and the energy dissipation occurs only by means internal friction.
Probabilistically violating the first law of thermodynamics in a quantum heat engine
Authors: Kerremans Timo , Samuelsson Peter , Potts Patrick
Published: May 2022

Fluctuations of thermodynamic observables, such as heat and work, contain relevant information on the underlying physical process. These fluctuations are however not taken into account in the traditional laws of thermodynamics. While the second law is extended to fluctuating systems by the celebrated fluctuation theorems, the first law is generally believed to hold even in the presence of fluctuations. Here we show that in the presence of quantum fluctuations, also the first law of thermodynamics may break down. This happens because quantum mechanics imposes constraints on the knowledge of heat and work.
To illustrate our results, we provide a detailed case-study of work and heat fluctuations in a quantum heat engine based on a circuit QED architecture. We find probabilistic violations of the first law and show that they are closely connected to quantum signatures related to negative quasi-probabilities. Our results imply that in the presence of quantum fluctuations, the first law of thermodynamics may not be applicable to individual experimental runs.
Gas exchange in bacurizeiro (Platonia insignis Mart.) genotypes in the dry and rainy seasons in the Middle North region of Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Clemilton da Silva , Pereira Walter Esfrain , Vasconcelos Lúcio Flavo Lopes , Vivian Rafael , Ribeiro João Everthon da Silva , Smiderle Oscar José , Souza Aline das Graças , Dias Thiago Jardelino , Leal Márcia Paloma da Silva , Silva Adjair José da
Published: May 2022

The bacurizeiro (Platonia insignis Mart.) is a species of great economic and social importance in the North and Middle North regions of Brazil. However, little is known about the environmental effects on its physiological characteristics. The objective of this work was to determine the gas exchange of genotypes of bacurizeiro in the dry and rainy seasons in the Middle North region of Brazil. The experiment was conducted in the Embrapa Meio Norte experimental field, located in Teresina-Piauí. A completely randomized design in a 7x2 factorial scheme was used, with seven genotypes and two seasons (dry and rainy), with three replications. The genotypes were M1MP14p12f1, M1MP14p13f1, M2PP2p18f5, M3MP6p14f1, M3MP6p15f1, M4MP6p7f4 and M7PP5p18f3 from the improvement program of Embrapa Meio Norte. Liquid photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and internal CO2 concentration, ratio between internal CO2 concentration and ambient CO2 concentration, intrinsic water use efficiency and instant water use efficiency were evaluated. The environmental variation affects the plasticity of the bacurizeiro genotypes. There is less efficiency in the use of water in the dry period in all genotypes of bacurizeiro, with values between 1.20 and 1.55 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 / µmol H2O m-2 s-1, respectively. The genotypes M1MP14p13f1, M2PP2p18f5 and M7PP5p18f3 are the most stable in the face of environmental variations, since in both seasons they are in the same formed groups
Rabies in a previously vaccinated horse: case report
Authors: Coelho Clarisse Simões , Sodré Ticiane d’El Rei Passos , Freitas Moises Dias , Moroz Ludmila Rodrigues , Nunes Talyta Lins , Peixoto Tiago da Cunha , Leal Paula Velozo
Published: May 2022

Rabies is an acute, progressive, and fatal encephalomyelitis caused by a Lyssavirus. Horses affected by the disease may be a source of infection for humans. A rapid diagnosis is crucial to initiate a prompt and adequate infection control and public health measures. This manuscript reports the case of a 4-year-old gelding, 370 kg, healthy and routinely used for veterinary teaching purposes that developed rabies although vaccinated against it. Clinical signs included lameness, ataxia, muscle tremors, decubitus and pedalling, progressive paralysis, profuse salivation, teeth grinding, and whinnying. After 4 days, the animal was euthanised and definitive diagnosis was achieved through an animal inoculation test which was positive. Complementary findings included encephalomyelitis with perivascular cuffs and identification of Negri bodies in various areas of the brain.
Bovine enzootic hematuria in the state of tocantins and use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic method
Authors: Pereira Josielle de Almeida , Chenard Marina Galindo , Valle Matheus Dias , Caldas Saulo Andrade , Carvalho Vivian de Assunção Nogueira , Aguiar Junior Marcos Antônio , Rocha Juliana Ferreira , Pinna Aline Emerim , Gomes Márcio Gianordoli Teixeira , Helayel Michel Abdalla
Published: May 2022

Bovine enzootic hematuria (BEH) is a chronic disease caused by ingestion of Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Thomson. This disease has great importance because it affects the animal wellbeing, causes economic losses, and hinders public health due to the toxic principle that is present in the milk of cows that ingest this plant. Early diagnosis assists in the decision making for disposal and replacement of animals in endemic regions. Despite ultrasonography is a useful tool for diagnosis of this disease, there is a lack of studies evaluating BEH in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, using ultrasound and epidemiological data and clinical signs; however, the histopathological examination is the method that provides the definitive diagnosis. The objective of this study was to describe the occurrence of BEH in the state of Tocantins and evaluate the efficiency of bladder ultrasound examination for diagnosis and prognosis of BEH. Ten animals that presented intermittent hematuria and hypo-colored mucous membranes were subjected to clinical and complementary exams. The urine physical analysis presented light red color, high turbidity, and positive sedimentation. The ultrasonography showed a thick, irregular mass in the bladder wall, containing an echogenic liquid of high cellularity and pedunculated papillary lesions. Macro and microscopic analyses of the animals’ bladders showed areas with vascular proliferation in the sub-mucous membranes associated with mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate and proliferation of the epithelium. Ultrasonography is an excellent option and, combined with clinical and laboratory exams of blood and urine, enables the diagnosis and prognosis of BEH.
Occurrence of unstable non-acid milk in dairy farms in northern Tocantins state, Brazil
Authors: Soutelino Maria Eduarda Marques , Valle Matheus Dias , Santos Helora Kerol Manso dos , Carvalho Nathália da Silva , Chernard Marina Galindo , Aguiar Júnior Marcos Antônio , Carvalho Vivian de Assunção Nogueira , Santos Júnior Waldyr Xavier dos , Helayel Michel Abdalla
Published: May 2022

The diagnosis of unstable non-acid milk (UNAM) in Brazil is overlooked due to the lack of information about this problem available to dairy farmers, mainly in the North region of the country. This report describes the occurrence of UNAM in three dairy farms of family farmers in northern Tocantins state, Brazil, who use animal feed based on Urochloa brizantha without mineral supplementation. The animals had been subjected to a poor feeding practice, with low quantity and quality, due to the dry period in the region and inappropriate nutritional management. Fourteen animals that presented alterations in milk characteristics were subjected to 72% alizarol test, California mastitis test, strip cup test, somatic cell count (SCC), boil test, physical-chemical and microbiological analyses, and search for undesirable substances. The time of lactation, udder health, and serum glucose level of animals, and soil and forage quality were also evaluated. The results showed 42% animals diagnosed with mastitis, 21% of them with clinical and 21% with subclinical mastitis; and 78% of animals with samples positive for the alizarol and boil tests, and Dornic acidity between 14° and 18°, characterizing positive cases for UNAM. Only one animal presented SCC above the limit established by the Brazilian legislation. The animals presented undamaged teats and no alteration in glycemia. Changes in nutritional management were recommended and done and the alizarol tests were redone after 14 days, showing all negative results for UNAM. The conclusion is that incorrect nutritional management is the main cause of UNAN in the studied cases.
Mineral composition in commercial cuts of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) and Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) in ideal weight class for commercialization
Authors: Dantas Filho Jerônimo Vieira , Pontuschka Rute Bianchini , Rosa Bruna Laurindo , Gasparotto Paulo Henrique Gilio , Marmentini Regiane Pandolfo , Cavali Jucilene
Published: May 2022

The aimed of this study was to evaluate the mineral composition in commercial cuts of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and pirarucu (Arapaima gigas). Were compared to the minimum values of daily consumption of minerals recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The experimental design was completely randomized, with processing performed in triplicate. Data were submitted to ANOVA. If ANOVA appeared statistically significant (α=0.05), the means were compared by Tukey’s Test. There was a difference (p<0.05) between commercial cuts of the tambaqui for different minerals. Tambaqui ribs and band presented the highest values of total iron 1.08 ± 0.12 mg/100g compared to other commercial cuts. The mineral elements Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ expressed the highest values for the tambaqui steak, 301.00 ± 80.58, 457.00 ± 129.33, 36.00 ± 4.36 and 46.90 ± 4.68 mg/100g, respectively. There was a difference (p<0.05) between commercial cuts of the pirarucu for different minerals. The mineral elements Total Iron, Na+, K+ and Ca2+ expressed the highest values for pirarucu loin, 0.80 ± 0.07, 406.00 ± 117.50, 529.30 ± 130.58 and 32.00 ± 5.12 mg/100g, respectively. However, Mg2+ expressed a higher value for pirarucu tail fillet 37.10 ± 4.99 mg/100g. The tambaqui steak and pirarucu loin were the cuts that best met the minimum needs for mineral supply.
Research Progress of Raman Spectroscopy and Raman Imaging in Pharmaceutical
Analysis
Authors: Ren Jie , Mao Shijie , Lin Jidong , Xu Ying , Zhu Qiaoqiao , Xu Ning
Published: May 2022

The analytical investigation of the pharmaceutical process monitors the critical process parameters of
the drug, beginning from its development until marketing and post-marketing, and appropriate corrective action
can be taken to change the pharmaceutical design at any stage of the process. Advanced analytical methods,
such as Raman spectroscopy, are particularly suitable for use in the field of drug analysis, especially for qualitative
and quantitative work, due to the advantages of simple sample preparation, fast, non-destructive analysis
speed and effective avoidance of moisture interference. Advanced Raman imaging techniques have gradually
become a powerful alternative method for monitoring changes in polymorph distribution and active pharmaceutical
ingredient distribution in drug processing and pharmacokinetics. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
(SERS) has also solved the inherent insensitivity and fluorescence problems of Raman, which has made good
progress in the field of illegal drug analysis. This review summarizes the application of Raman spectroscopy
and imaging technology, which are used in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of solid tablets, quality control
of the production process, drug crystal analysis, illegal drug analysis, and monitoring of drug dissolution
and release in the field of drug analysis in recent years.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Thyroid Disorders: A Single Center
Experience
Authors: Fallahi Poupak , Patrizio Armando , Antonelli Alessandro , Ferrari Silvia Martina
Published: May 2022

Background:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) foster T lymphocytes to fight cancer, but they can also trigger immune-related adverse events (irAE) in various organs, including thyroid dysfunction that can manifest itself in terms of both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism or subclinical disease.

Objective:

Based on previous observations, this study evaluated the impact of oncological immunotherapy on the development of thyroid dysfunction in a cohort of patients treated with ICI at our institution.

Methods:

We collected 10 cases of thyroid irAE that emerged from 24 cancer patients treated with immunotherapy, belonging to a cohort of 120 patients sent to our clinic by the Oncology Department of our institution, between December 2016 and March 2020.

Results:

From the analysis of the data, thyroid irAE emerged after a median time of 9 weeks, and they occurred mainly in females. Regardless of the initial presentation (thyroiditis with thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, or worsening of the previous subclinical hypothyroidism), later all patients developed persistent hypothyroidism which required hormone replacement therapy with levothyroxine. This finding was confirmed by a statistically significant increase in the median value of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) between the pre-ICI treatment and subsequent phases and, for the first time, by a reduction in the median value of the thyroid volume estimated by neck ultrasound, a sign of destructive thyroiditis.

Conclusions:

Our results confirm that patients undergoing immunotherapy should be monitored for potential thyroid dysfunction with biochemical assessments and changing in thyroid volume estimated by ultrasound could be helpful in the diagnostic work-up.
An Approach to Psychiatric Illness in Rheumatology Clinics
Authors: Mathew Stephanie , Orzechowski Nicole , Teja Nikhil , Thakur Devendra , Scudder Paige , Albert Daniel
Published: May 2022

Rheumatologists encounter patients with psychiatric illnesses daily in their practice;
however, formal training in rheumatology does not sufficiently equip rheumatologists with guidance
for managing common psychiatric illnesses. This study reviews common clinical situations
involving psychiatric symptoms, their relationship with rheumatologic conditions, and their effects
on clinical presentation and management. We illustrate key principles in a case-based format and
reflect on the management of psychiatric components. Based on these discussions and a brief review
of the epidemiology of psychiatric illnesses, we emphasize the prevalence and significance of
these problems in daily practice.