bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limited intestinal inflammation despite diarrhea, fecal viral RNA and SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in patients with acute COVID-19
Authors: Britton Graham J. , Chen-Liaw Alice , Cossarini Francesca , Livanos Alexandra E. , Spindler Matthew P. , Plitt Tamar , Eggers Joseph , Mogno Ilaria , Gonzalez-Reiche Ana S. , Siu Sophia , Tankelevich Michael , Grinspan Lauren Tal , Dixon Rebekah E. , Jha Divya , van de Guchte Adriana , Khan Zenab , Martinez-Delgado Gustavo , Amanat Fatima , Hoagland Daisy A. , tenOever Benjamin R. , Dubinsky Marla C. , Merad Miriam , van Bakel Harm , Krammer Florian , Bongers Gerold , Mehandru Saurabh , Faith Jeremiah J.
Published: June 2021

Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in COVID-19 patients but the nature of the gut immune response to SARS-CoV-2 remains poorly characterized, partly due to the difficulty of obtaining biopsy specimens from infected individuals. In lieu of tissue samples, we measured cytokines, inflammatory markers, viral RNA, microbiome composition, and antibody responses in stool samples from a cohort of 44 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in stool of 41% of patients and more frequently in patients with diarrhea. Patients who survived had lower fecal viral RNA than those who died. Strains isolated from stool and nasopharynx of an individual were the same. Compared to uninfected controls, COVID-19 patients had higher fecal levels of IL-8 and lower levels of fecal IL-10. Stool IL-23 was higher in patients with more severe COVID-19 disease, and we found evidence of intestinal virus-specific IgA responses associated with more severe disease. We provide evidence for an ongoing humeral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the gastrointestinal tract, but little evidence of overt inflammation.
Melanoma reactive TCR-modified T cells generated without activation retain a less differentiated phenotype and mediate a superior in vivo response
Authors: Wang Siao-Yi , Moore Tamson V. , Dalheim Annika V. , Scurti Gina M. , Nishimura Michael I.
Published: June 2021

Adoptive T cell therapy with T cell receptor (TCR)-modified T cells has shown promise in treating metastatic melanoma and other malignancies. However, studies are needed to improve the efficacy and durability of responses of TCR-modified T cells. Standard protocols for generating TCR-modified T cells involve activating T cells through CD3 stimulation to allow for the efficient transfer of tumor-reactive receptors with viral vectors. T cell activation results in terminal differentiation and shortening of telomeres, which are likely suboptimal for therapy. In these studies, we demonstrate efficient T cell transduction with the melanoma-reactive TIL1383I TCR through culturing with interleukin 7 (IL-7) in the absence of CD3 activation. The TIL1383I TCR-modified T cells generated following IL-7 culture were enriched with naïve (TN) and memory stem cell populations (TSCM) while maintaining longer telomere lengths. Furthermore, we demonstrated melanoma-reactivity of TIL1383I TCR-modified cells generated following IL-7 culture using in vitro assays and a superior response in an in vivo melanoma model. These results suggest that utilizing IL-7 to generate TCR-modified T cells in the absence of activation is a feasible strategy to improve adoptive T cell therapies for melanoma and other malignancies.
Correlation between muscle architecture and anaerobic power in athletes involved in different sports
Authors: Lee Kyu-Lim , Oh Tae-Woong , Gil Young-Chun , Kim Hee-Jin
Published: June 2021

Athletes cultivate highly developed muscles based on their sport category, creating a body shape that matches the characteristics of that sports category. We tested the significance of the correlation between muscle development characteristics and anaerobic power in athletes to build a database for each category. Fifty-eight college athletes participated in this study. To assess muscle characteristics, muscle thickness (MT) and fascicle angle (FA) were measured by ultrasonography (US) in lower limb. Furthermore, anaerobic power was measured with the Wingate test. Analysis of the correlation between muscle structure and anaerobic power revealed significant differences between the sports categories, except for the MT of the medial head of gastrocnemius (Gm), lateral head of gastrocnemius, and FA of Gm. A significant difference was observed for all parameters, except for the arrival time to peak power in the anaerobic power items; in particular, a high degree of correlation in mean power/kg and peak power/kg was observed. A similar tendency was observed in the correlation between muscle structure and anaerobic power in most sports categories, but certain muscle characteristic factors were prominent in each sport. Based on these, it is possible to contribute to predicting and promoting athletic performance.
Frozen/thawed meat quality associated with muscle fiber characteristics of porcine longissimus thoracis et lumborum, psoas major, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles
Authors: Cheng Huilin , Song Sumin , Kim Gap-Don
Published: June 2021

To evaluate the relationship between muscle fiber characteristics and the quality of frozen/thawed pork meat, four different muscles, M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), M. psoas major (PM), M. semimembranosus (SM), and M. semitendinosus (ST), were analyzed from twenty carcasses. Meat color values (lightness, redness, yellowness, chroma, and hue) changed due to freezing/thawing in LTL, which showed larger IIAX, IIX, and IIXB fibers than found in SM (P < 0.05). SM and ST showed a significant decrease in purge loss and an increase in shear force caused by freezing/thawing (P < 0.05). Compared with LTL, SM contains more type IIXB muscle fibers and ST had larger muscle fibers I and IIA (P < 0.05). PM was the most stable of all muscles, since only its yellowness and chroma were affected by freezing/thawing (P < 0.05). These results suggest that pork muscle fiber characteristics of individual cuts must be considered to avoid quality deterioration during frozen storage.
The impact of large and small dams on malaria transmission in four basins in Africa
Authors: Kibret Solomon , McCartney Matthew , Lautze Jonathan , Nhamo Luxon , Yan Guiyun
Published: June 2021

Expansion of various types of water infrastructure is critical to water security in Africa. To date, analysis of adverse disease impacts has focused mainly on large dams. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of both small and large dams on malaria in four river basins in sub-Saharan Africa (i.e., the Limpopo, Omo-Turkana, Volta and Zambezi river basins). The European Commission’s Joint Research Center (JRC) Yearly Water Classification History v1.0 data set was used to identify water bodies in each of the basins. Annual malaria incidence data were obtained from the Malaria Atlas Project (MAP) database for the years 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. A total of 4907 small dams and 258 large dams in the four basins, with 14.7million people living close (< 5 km) to their reservoirs in 2015, were analysed. The annual number of malaria cases attributable to dams of either size across the four basins was 0.9–1.7 million depending on the year, of which between 77 and 85% was due to small dams. The majority of these cases occur in areas of stable transmission. Malaria incidence per kilometre of reservoir shoreline varied between years but for small dams was typically 2–7 times greater than that for large dams in the same basin. Between 2000 and 2015, the annual malaria incidence showed a broadly declining trend for both large and small dam reservoirs in areas of stable transmission in all four basins. In conclusion, the malaria impact of dams is far greater than previously recognized. Small and large dams represent hotspots of malaria transmission and, as such, should be a critical focus of future disease control efforts.
Post-match recovery profile of leukocyte cell subsets among professional soccer players
Authors: Kostrzewa-Nowak Dorota , Wityk Paweł , Ciechanowicz Andrzej , Nowak Robert
Published: June 2021

This study assessed the impact of cumulative match time on the distribution of CD45+ cell subtests in the capillary blood of professional soccer players. Twenty-two males (aged 18–30 years) took part in the 36-week study. Participants playing up to 540 in cumulative match time and less than 30 min in each single match during the observation period formed the control group. White blood cell (WBC) phenotyping and creatine kinase (CK) plasma activity analyses were performed. Also, counts for WBC subsets were determined. No significant differences in the hematological parameters or lymphocyte and NK cell percentages were observed between the control and study groups. Changes in the T cell percentage were significant during weeks 11 and 30 and in Th and Tc cell percentages during weeks 2 and 26. Significant correlations were found between the cumulative match time and Th, NK, and B cell percentages; monocyte counts; and CK activity in the control group. However, for the study group, correlations were found between cumulative match time and Th, Tc, and B cell percentages; CK activity; and the CK ratio. Our study suggests that the distribution of CD45+ cells might be a useful tool for monitoring the immune status of professional soccer players.
Human encroachment into wildlife gut microbiomes
Authors: Fackelmann Gloria , Gillingham Mark A. F. , Schmid Julian , Heni Alexander Christoph , Wilhelm Kerstin , Schwensow Nina , Sommer Simone
Published: June 2021

In the Anthropocene, humans, domesticated animals, wildlife, and their environments are interconnected, especially as humans advance further into wildlife habitats. Wildlife gut microbiomes play a vital role in host health. Changes to wildlife gut microbiomes due to anthropogenic disturbances, such as habitat fragmentation, can disrupt natural gut microbiota homeostasis and make animals vulnerable to infections that may become zoonotic. However, it remains unclear whether the disruption to wildlife gut microbiomes is caused by habitat fragmentation per se or the combination of habitat fragmentation with additional anthropogenic disturbances, such as contact with humans, domesticated animals, invasive species, and their pathogens. Here, we show that habitat fragmentation per se does not impact the gut microbiome of a generalist rodent species native to Central America, Tome’s spiny ratProechimys semispinosus, but additional anthropogenic disturbances do. Indeed, compared to protected continuous and fragmented forest landscapes that are largely untouched by other human activities, the gut microbiomes of spiny rats inhabiting human-disturbed fragmented landscapes revealed a reduced alpha diversity and a shifted and more dispersed beta diversity. Their microbiomes contained more taxa associated with domesticated animals and their potential pathogens, suggesting a shift in potential metagenome functions. On the one hand, the compositional shift could indicate a degree of gut microbial adaption known as metagenomic plasticity. On the other hand, the greater variation in community structure and reduced alpha diversity may signal a decline in beneficial microbial functions and illustrate that gut adaption may not catch up with anthropogenic disturbances, even in a generalist species with large phenotypic plasticity, with potentially harmful consequences to both wildlife and human health.
Multi-year presence of humpback whales in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean but not during El Niño
Authors: Schall Elena , Thomisch Karolin , Boebel Olaf , Gerlach Gabriele , Mangia Woods Sari , El-Gabbas Ahmed , Van Opzeeland Ilse
Published: June 2021

Humpback whales are thought to undertake annual migrations between their low latitude breeding grounds and high latitude feeding grounds. However, under specific conditions, humpback whales sometimes change their migratory destination or skip migration overall. Here we document the surprising persistent presence of humpback whales in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during five years (2011, 2012, 2013, 2017, and 2018) using passive acoustic data. However, in the El Niño years 2015 and 2016, humpback whales were virtually absent. Our data show that humpback whales are systematically present in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean and suggest that these whales are particularly sensitive to climate oscillations which have profound effects on winds, sea ice extent, primary production, and especially krill productivity.
A de novo transcriptional atlas in Danaus plexippus reveals variability in dosage compensation across tissues
Authors: Ranz José M. , González Pablo M. , Clifton Bryan D. , Nazario-Yepiz Nestor O. , Hernández-Cervantes Pablo L. , Palma-Martínez María J. , Valdivia Dulce I. , Jiménez-Kaufman Andrés , Lu Megan M. , Markow Therese A. , Abreu-Goodger Cei
Published: June 2021

A detailed knowledge of gene function in the monarch butterfly is still lacking. Here we generate a genome assembly from a Mexican nonmigratory population and used RNA-seq data from 14 biological samples for gene annotation and to construct an atlas portraying the breadth of gene expression during most of the monarch life cycle. Two thirds of the genes show expression changes, with long noncoding RNAs being particularly finely regulated during adulthood, and male-biased expression being four times more common than female-biased. The two portions of the monarch heterochromosomeZ, one ancestral to the Lepidoptera and the other resulting from a chromosomal fusion, display distinct association with sex-biased expression, reflecting sample-dependent incompleteness or absence of dosage compensation in the ancestral but not the novel portion of theZ. This study presents extended genomic and transcriptomic resources that will facilitate a better understanding of the monarch’s adaptation to a changing environment.
Target -responsive host–guest binding-driven dual-sensing readout for enhanced electrochemical chiral analysis
Authors: Ebrahimi Somaye , Afkhami Abbas , Madrakian Tayyebeh
Published: June 2021

Achieving efficient chiral discrimination by a convenient method remains a challenge in pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.
Monitoring of pesticide residues in crops irrigated with reclaimed water by a multiresidue method based on modified QuEChERS
Authors: Martínez Bueno M. J. , García Valverde M. , Gómez-Ramos M. M. , Valverde A. , Martínez Galera M. , Fernández-Alba A. R.
Published: June 2021

In this study, we aimed to validate a quick and easy extraction method for the simultaneous determination of 27 pesticide residues at trace levels in agricultural samples to monitor the presence of these contaminants released from reclaimed water.
Anionic diketopiperazine induces osteogenic differentiation and supports osteogenesis in a 3D cryogel microenvironment
Authors: Panjla Apurva , Qayoom Irfan , Kumar Ashok , Verma Sandeep
Published: June 2021

A novel diketopiperazine induces osteogenic differentiation of bone precursor cells to mature osteoblasts and interacts in synergistic manner with 3D cryogel composite enhancing its osteogenic potential.
A visible-light-induced photocatalyst-free approach for C-3 dicarbonyl coumarin production
Authors: Xi Jinhu , Wu Xinjie , Huang Mengmeng , Kim Jung Keun , Zhang Jianye , Li Yabo , Wu Yangjie
Published: June 2021

A mild and efficient visible-light-induced photocatalyst-free method for the synthesis of C-3 dicarbonyl coumarins with potential application in H2O2 detection has been developed.
Catalytic asymmetric multicomponent reactions of isocyanide, isothiocyanate and alkylidene malonates
Authors: Xiong Qian , Luo Qiliang , Zhang Tinghui , Dong Shunxi , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: June 2021

The first asymmetric isocyanide-based multicomponent reaction involving TMSNCS was realized via utilizing a chiral Mg(OTf)2/N,N′-dioxide complex as the catalyst.
Hierarchical structure TiNb2O7 microspheres derived from titanate for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yu Ling , Lv Jintao , Zhou Ziwang , Li Yafeng , Wei Mingdeng
Published: June 2021

Hierarchical structure TiNb2O7 microspheres derived from titanate displayed satisfactory long-term cycling stability and prominent rate capability for lithium-ion batteries.
Unraveling the stability of cyclobutadiene complexes using aromaticity markers
Authors: Ganguly Gaurab , Pathak Shubhrodeep , Paul Ankan
Published: June 2021

Calculations employing ab initio multireference wavefunction-based methods shed light on the intriguing reversal of aromaticity during the formation of cyclobutadiene complexes from antiaromatic to aromatic regions.
Observation and deconvolution of a unique EPR signal from two cocrystallized spin triangles
Authors: Mathivathanan Logesh , Sanakis Yiannis , Raptis Raphael G. , Turek Philippe , Boudalis Athanassios K.
Published: June 2021

A 16-line pattern has been theoretically predicted, but hitherto not reported, for the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectrum of antiferromagnetically coupled CuII triangles experiencing isotropic exchange of isosceles magnetic symmetry.
Fe-Doping induced divergent growth of Ni–Fe alloy nanoparticles for enhancing the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction
Authors: Xie Qianjie , Wang Zheng , Lei Chen , Guo Penghu , Li Cong , Shen Yehua , Uyama Hiroshi
Published: June 2021

Separate (111)- and (200)-faceted Ni–Fe nanoparticles were synthesized and their oxygen reduction reaction activity studiedviadensity functional theory calculations and experiments.
Emerging investigator series: rapid defluorination of 22 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water using sulfite irradiated by medium-pressure UV
Authors: Abusallout Ibrahim , Wang Junli , Hanigan David
Published: June 2021

The removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water supplies is crucial to protect the public and the environment.
Deciphering the protein digestion of meat products for the elderly by in vitro food oral processing and gastric dynamic digestion, peptidome analysis and modeling
Authors: Peyron M-A. , Sayd T. , Sicard J. , Mirade P-S. , Pinguet J. , Chambon C. , Santé-Lhoutellier V.
Published: June 2021

FODP: Food Oral and Digestive Processing.
Rapid analysis of 90Sr in cattle bone and tooth samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Koarai Kazuma , Matsueda Makoto , Aoki Jo , Yanagisawa Kayo , Terashima Motoki , Fujiwara Kenso , Kino Yasushi , Oka Toshitaka , Takahashi Atsushi , Suzuki Toshihiko , Shimizu Yoshinaka , Chiba Mirei , Osaka Ken , Sasaki Keiichi , Sekine Tsutomu , Fukumoto Manabu , Shinoda Hisashi , Kitamura Akihiro , Abe Hironobu
Published: June 2021

Rapid analysis of 90Sr in bone and tooth samples of cattle was conducted by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The ICP-MS method can be a rapid and useful procedure for determination of 90Sr in small bone and tooth samples.
Preparation and characterization of a copper oxide nanoparticle-supported red-mud catalyst for liquid phase oxidation of ethyl benzene to acetophenone
Authors: Mishra Subhashree , Sangma Simon Watre , Bal Rajaram , Dey Ratan Kumar
Published: June 2021

In this study, liquid phase oxidation of ethyl benzene to acetophenone was widely investigated using a new recyclable supported catalyst of CuO nanoparticles impregnated over activated red-mud (CuO_AARM).
Synthesis and evaluation of the antiproliferative activity of new heterylmethylidene derivatives of imidazothiazolotriazinones
Authors: Izmest'ev Alexei N. , Gazieva Galina A. , Anikina Lada V. , Pukhov Sergey A. , Karnoukhova Valentina A. , Kolotyrkina Natalya G. , Kravchenko Angelina N.
Published: June 2021

Two series of regioisomeric heterylmethylidene derivatives of imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[3,2-b]-1,2,4-triazines and imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[2,3-c]-1,2,4-triazines were synthesized. Several compounds exhibiting high antiproliferative activity were found.
Iron-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of olefinic 1,3-dicarbonyls with ketone C(sp3)–H bonds: facile access to 2,3-dihydrofurans
Authors: Kang Qing-Qing , Meng Ya-Nan , Zhang Jun-Hao , Li Long , Ge Guo-Ping , Zheng Hongxing , Liu Hongxin , Wei Wen-Ting
Published: June 2021

The reaction involves the addition of an α-carbonyl radical to the CC bond of olefinic 1,3-dicarbonyls followed by intramolecular 5-endo-trig cyclization.
Diversity-orientated synthesis of macrocyclic heterocycles using a double SNAr approach
Authors: Raubo Piotr , Carbajo Rodrigo J. , McCoull William , Raubo Joanna , Thomas Morgan
Published: June 2021

An efficient macrocyclisation approach based on the double aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNACK) was developed.
Controlled and efficient polymerization of methyl methacrylate catalyzed by pyridinylidenaminophosphine based Lewis pairs
Authors: Ge Fang , Li Sun , Wang Zhe , Zhang Wenzhong , Wang Xiaowu
Published: June 2021

Developing different synthetic approaches to realize controlled or living polymerization is of great interest to polymer chemists to obtain polymers with defined molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution and unambiguous structures.
Recyclable non-isocyanate polyurethanes containing a dynamic covalent network derived from epoxy soybean oil and CO2
Authors: Yang Xinxin , Ren Chunyu , Liu Xiuxiu , Sun Penghao , Xu Xu , Liu He , Shen Minggui , Shang Shibin , Song Zhanqian
Published: June 2021

CO2 was fixed by synthesizing a cyclic carbonate, which was used to prepare non-isocyanate polyurethane that can be reprocessed.
Porous scaffolds with the structure of an interpenetrating polymer network made by gelatin methacrylated nanoparticle-stabilized high internal phase emulsion polymerization targeted for tissue engineering
Authors: Safaei-Yaraziz Atefeh , Akbari-Birgani Shiva , Nikfarjam Nasser
Published: June 2021

The interlacing of biopolymers and synthetic polymers is a promising strategy to fabricate hydrogel-based tissue scaffolds to biomimic a natural extracellular matrix for cell growth.
Emergent vortices and phase separation in systems of chiral active particles with dipolar interactions
Authors: Liao Guo-Jun , Klapp Sabine H. L.
Published: June 2021

The interplay between chiral motion and dipolar interactions leads to intriguing collective behavior, including percolation, phase separation, emergent vortices, and flocking transition.
Emerging elemental two-dimensional materials for energy applications
Authors: Wu Zongxiao , Qi Junlei , Wang Wenbin , Zeng Zhiyuan , He Qiyuan
Published: June 2021

Elemental two-dimensional (2D) materials possess distinct properties and superior performances across a multitude of fundamental and practical research fields.
Improving data hiding within colour images using hue component of HSV colour space
Authors: Hassan Fatuma Saeid , Gutub Adnan
Published: June 2021

Data hiding technologies aim to hide the existence of secret information within digital covers such as images by causing unnoticeable degradation to their quality. Reducing the image distortion and increasing the embedding capacity are the main points that the data hiding techniques revolved around. This article proposes two high payload embedding methods with high stego image quality using the Hue‐Saturation‐Value (HSV) colour model. The first method is hue‐based embedding (HBE) that employs the H plane for hiding one or two bits in non‐grey pixels. The second method uses the three HSV components, so it is called three‐planes embedding (TPE). In TPE, one bit is hidden in the least significant bit (LSB) of V of the grey pixels, one or two bits in H of the pixels having low saturation or low brightness and one bit in the LSB of S otherwise. The experiments were conducted on 25 images and the results show that HBE hides more data on average than TPE with its quality reaching 60 dB. TPE achieves quality up to 61 dB and capacity reaches 364 Kb. TPE scores the highest capacity among six state‐of‐the‐art techniques in Red‐Green‐Blue, HSV, Hue‐Saturation‐Intensity and YCbCr spaces with the highest average peak signal to noise ratio midst five of them. By embedding 60, 90, and 120 Kb, this TPE attains the best average quality amid all the methods.
Adaptive invariant Kalman filtering for attitude estimation on SO(3) thorough feedback calibration of prior error covariance
Authors: Wang Jiaolong , Li Minzhe
Published: June 2021

For invariant attitude dynamics evolving on matrix Lie groups, by proposing the stochastic feedback–based covariance calibration scheme, an adaptive invariant Kalman filter (AIKF) is elaborated to deal with the attitude estimation problems corrupted by unknown or inaccurate process noise statistics. The invariant Kalman filter (IKF) takes into account the geometry property of attitude dynamics and can boost the estimation performance; however, IKF requires accurate knowledge of the noise statistics and an incorrect noise parameter is prone to deteriorating the precision of final estimates. To eliminate this impact, instead of using the original covariance propagation step of IKF, the prior error covariance of the proposed AIKF is online calibrated based on the posterior information of the feedback stochastic sequence. As the main advantage, the statistics parameter of system process noise is no longer required in the proposed AIKF and the negative influence by unknown/incorrect noise parameters can be reduced significantly. The mathematical foundation for the new adaption scheme of AIKF is also presented. The AIKF's advantage in filtering adaptability and simplicity is further demonstrated by numerical simulations.
Study on six‐phase PMSM control strategy based on improved position sensorless detection technology
Authors: Gao Hanying , Zhang Guoqiang , Liu Xuechen , Wang Wenxue
Published: June 2021

The six‐phase motor control system has low torque ripple, low harmonic content, and high reliability; therefore, it is suitable for electric vehicles, aerospace and other applications requiring high power output and reliability. This study presents a superior sensorless control system for a six‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The mathematical model of PMSM in stationary coordinate system is presented; its sliding mode observer (SMO) of back electromotive force (BEMF) acquires the motor speed and position information. As torque ripple and harmonic components affect the BEMF estimated value through the traditional SMO, the function of the frequency‐variable tracker of the stator current (FVTSC) is used instead of the traditional switching function. By improving the SMO method, the BEMF is estimated independently, and its precision is maintained under startup or variable‐speed states. To improve performance of the system, the auto disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) is used to suppress load disturbance and speed overshoot. To reduce model parameters, an ADRC with sliding mode algorithm is proposed, simplifying the structure and simultaneously solving the parameter tuning problem. Finally, comparing the ADRC with FVTSC SMO and the traditional PI controller shows that the new ADRC effectively improves the dynamic and static performance of the PMSM.
Establishing the evolutionary timescales of the massive star formation process through chemistry
Authors: Sabatini G. , Bovino S. , Giannetti A. , Grassi T. , Brand J. , Schisano E. , Wyrowski F. , Leurini S. , Menten K. M.
Published: June 2021

Context.Understanding the details of the formation process of massive (i.e.M≳ 8–10M⊙) stars is a long-standing problem in astrophysics. They form and evolve very quickly, and almost their entire formation process takes place deeply embedded in their parental clumps. Together with the fact that these objects are rare and at a relatively large distance, this makes observing them very challenging.

Aims.We present a method for deriving accurate timescales of the evolutionary phases of the high-mass star formation process.

Methods.We modelled a representative number of massive clumps of the ATLASGAL-TOP100 sample that cover all the evolutionary stages. The models describe an isothermal collapse and the subsequent warm-up phase, for which we followed the chemical evolution. The timescale of each phase was derived by comparing the results of the models with the properties of the sources of the ATLASGAL-TOP100 sample, taking into account the mass and luminosity of the clumps, and the column densities of methyl acetylene (CH3CCH), acetonitrile (CH3CN), formaldehyde (H2CO), and methanol (CH3OH).

Results.We find that the molecular tracers we chose are affected by the thermal evolution of the clumps, showing steep ice evaporation gradients from 103to 105AU during the warm-up phase. We succeed in reproducing the observed column densities of CH3CCH and CH3CN, but H2CO and CH3OH agree less with the observed values. The total (massive) star formation time is found to be ~5.2 × 105yr, which is defined by the timescales of the individual evolutionary phases of the ATLASGAL-TOP100 sample: ~5 × 104yr for 70-μm weak, ~1.2 × 105yr for mid-IR weak, ~2.4 × 105yr for mid-IR bright, and ~1.1 × 105yr for HII-region phases.

Conclusions.With an appropriate selection of molecular tracers that can act as chemical clocks, our model allows obtaining robust estimates of the duration of the individual phases of the high-mass star formation process. It also has the advantage of being capable of including additional tracers aimed at increasing the accuracy of the estimated timescales.
Torsional-rotational spectrum of doubly deuterated dimethyl ether (CH3OCHD2)
Authors: Richard C. , Jørgensen J. K. , Margulès L. , Motiyenko R. A. , Guillemin J.-C. , Groner P.
Published: June 2021

Context. In 2013, we published the first rotational analysis and detection of mono-deuterated dimethyl ether in the solar-type protostar IRAS 16293-2422 with the IRAM 30 m telescope. Dimethyl ether is one of the most abundant complex organic molecules in star-forming regions, and its D-to-H (D/H) ratios are important to understand its chemistry and trace the source history.

Aims. We present the first analysis of doubly deuterated dimethyl ether (methoxy-d2-methane, 1,1-dideuteromethylether) in its ground-vibrational state, based on an effective Hamiltonian for an asymmetric rotor molecule with internal rotors. The analysis covers the frequency range 0.15–1.5 THz.

Methods. The laboratory rotational spectrum of this species was measured between 150 and 1500 GHz with Lille’s submillimeter spectrometer. For the astronomical detection, we used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations from the Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey.

Results. New sets of spectroscopic parameters have been determined by a least squares fit with the ERHAM code for both symmetric and asymmetric conformers. As for the mono-deuterated species, these parameters have permitted the first identification in space of both conformers of a doubly deuterated dimethyl ether via detection near the B component of the Class 0 protostar IRAS 16293-2422.
Solar energetic particle heavy ion properties in the widespread event of 2020 November 29
Authors: Mason G. M. , Cohen C. M. S. , Ho G. C. , Mitchell D. G. , Allen R. C. , Hill M. E. , Andrews G. B. , Berger L. , Boden S. , Böttcher S. , Cernuda I. , Christian E. R. , Cummings A. C. , Davis A. J. , Desai M. I. , de Nolfo G. A. , Eldrum S. , Elftmann R. , Kollhoff A. , Giacalone J. , Gómez-Herrero R. , Hayes J. , Janitzek N. P. , Joyce C. J. , Korth A. , Kühl P. , Kulkarni S. R. , Labrador A. W. , Espinosa Lara F. , Lees W. J. , Leske R. A. , Mall U. , Martin C. , Martínez Hellín A. , Matthaeus W. H. , McComas D. J. , McNutt R. L. , Mewaldt R. A. , Mitchell J. G. , Pacheco D. , Parra Espada P. , Prieto M. , Rankin J. S. , Ravanbakhsh A. , Rodríguez-Pacheco J. , Rodríguez Polo O. , Roelof E. C. , Sánchez-Prieto S. , Schlemm C. E. , Schwadron N. A. , Seifert H. , Stone E. C. , Szalay J. R. , Terasa J. C. , Tyagi K. , Freiherr von Forstner J. L. , Wiedenbeck M. E. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. , Xu Z. G. , Yedla M.
Published: June 2021

Context.Following a multi-year minimum of solar activity, a solar energetic particle event on 2020 Nov. 29 was observed by multiple spacecraft covering a wide range of solar longitudes including ACE, the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory-A, and the recently launched Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter.

Aims.Multi-point observations of a solar particle event, combined with remote-sensing imaging of flaring, shocks, and coronal mass ejections allows for a global picture of the event to be synthesized, and made available to the modeling community to test, constrain, and refine models of particle acceleration and transport according to such parameters as shock geometries and particle mass-to-charge ratios.

Methods.Detailed measurements of heavy ion intensities, time dependence, fluences, and spectral slopes provided the required test data for this study.

Results.The heavy ion abundances, timing, and spectral forms for this event fall well within the range found in prior surveys at 1 au. The spectra were well fitted by broken power law shapes; the Fe/O ratio was somewhat lower than the average of other events. In addition,3He/4He was very low, with only the upper limits established here.
Les « ichtyolites » (Actinopterygii) de la collection Jean-Baptiste Beurard (1745–1835) : intérêt historique et redécouverte de la série type d’Armigatus brevissimus (Blainville, 1818) du Cénomanien du Liban
Authors: Brignon Arnaud
Published: June 2021

Cet article souligne le rôle Jean-Baptiste Beurard dans l’histoire de la paléoichtyologie. Ancien chanoine de la cathédrale de Toul, il trouva après les affres des débuts de la Révolution un emploi d’agent du gouvernement attaché à l’administration des mines entre 1794 et 1815. Chargé de la surveillance des mines de mercure dans les nouveaux départements annexés par la France sur la rive gauche du Rhin, il redécouvrit en juillet 1799 le fameux gisement d’« ichtyolites » (poissons fossiles) imprégnés de cinabre de Münsterappel daté du Permien inférieur. Il envoya plusieurs spécimens dans des collections institutionnelles parisiennes. Des représentants de l’espèce Paramblypterus duvernoy (Agassiz, 1833) (Actinopterygii, Amblypteridae), probablement envoyés par Beurard avant 1809 d’après le témoignage de Barthélémy Faujas de Saint-Fond, ont été identifiés dans les collections du Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Un autre spécimen ayant appartenu de manière incontestable à Beurard est conservé dans les collections Géosciences de Sorbonne Université et revêt un intérêt historique tout particulier. Beurard possédait également dans sa collection deux échantillons de poissons fossiles du Cénomanien de Haqel dans l’actuel Liban, qu’il avait reçu de son neveu Claude Charles Harmand (1784–1847), officier de marine, en 1817. À partir d’eux, Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville décrivit deux espèces qu’il nomma Clupea beurardi Blainville, 1818a et Clupea brevissima Blainville, 1818a. La première n’est plus considérée comme valide et la seconde est aujourd’hui assignée au genre Armigatus Grande, 1982 (Actinopterygii, Clupeomorpha) dont elle est l’espèce type. Un de ces spécimens est conservé au Natural History Museum, Londres, et provient de la collection de William Willoughby Cole (1807–1886), comte d’Enniskillen, qui avait acquis une partie de la collection Beurard. Étiqueté par erreur Clupea beurardi par Beurard, cet échantillon porte en réalité les quatre syntypes d’Armigatus brevissimus. Un lectotype est désigné ici pour fixer le statut de cette espèce, certainement la plus abondante et la plus iconique du gisement de Haqel.
Second-order analysis of an optimal control problem in a phase field tumor growth model with singular potentials and chemotaxis
Authors: Colli Pierluigi , Signori Andrea , Sprekels Jürgen
Published: June 2021

This paper concerns a distributed optimal control problem for a tumor growth model of Cahn–Hilliard type including chemotaxis with possibly singular potentials, where the control and state variables are nonlinearly coupled. First, we discuss the weak well-posedness of the system under very general assumptions for the potentials, which may be singular and nonsmooth. Then, we establish the strong well-posedness of the system in a reduced setting, which however admits the logarithmic potential: this analysis will lay the foundation for the study of the corresponding optimal control problem. Concerning the optimization problem, we address the existence of minimizers and establish both first-order necessary and second-order sufficient conditions for optimality. The mathematically challenging second-order analysis is completely performed here, after showing that the solution mapping is twice continuously differentiable between suitable Banach spaces via the implicit function theorem. Then, we completely identify the second-order Fréchet derivative of the control-to-state operator and carry out a thorough and detailed investigation about the related properties.
Experimental study of the LED lamp
Authors: Markowicz Marek , Smyk Emil , Smusz Robert
Published: June 2021

LEDs are widely used light sources. Their main advantages are low power consumption, mechanical strength, high luminous efficacy, and a lifetime exceeding 50 000 hours. However, compared to other light sources, they are more sensitive to high temperatures. Heat is generated by converting electrical energy into radiant energy. The share of heat in this transformation describes the efficiency, but in the case of light sources, efficiency is not one of the basic parameters because only a part of the radiation produced is visible light, which interests the recipients. However, the temperature has a big influence on the properties and lifetime of LEDs. This article presents the results of temperature measurements of the LED lamp.
Experimental verification of the joints strength features in the quality control of the mass-produced upholstery frames
Authors: Skorupińska Ewa , Wiaderek Krzysztof , Matwiej Łukasz , Sydor Maciej
Published: June 2021

An upholstery frame is an element of upholstery furniture, which is heavily loaded with forces. Critical to the quality of the frame is the load capacity of the connections of its structure elements. Moreover an important issue is the repeatability of the suitable strength in the whole production batch. Tested wooden frame joints were made with glue and staples. The goal of our study was to compare the strength of the joints made by a man and by a robot in industrial mass production. The laboratory test was done on an universal testing machine which measure the stress–strain characteristics showing the yield behaviour of test samples. The results show that a “robotic technology” gives slightly higher strength values than the manual production. It was also observed that the force value distributions in compared two series of samples have different nature in the both technologies. Based on the observation of the technologies and based on the analysis of the research results, it was found that the reason for this is the greater constancy of technological parameters in robotic production (in the described case, the bigger variability of the strength of connections made by man was caused by the different exposure time of the adhesive to drying, while in “robotic” production gluing, was done in the same throughout the long production series).
Formation of motivational competence as a condition for successful professional development of future teachers-psychologists of inclusive education
Authors: Belenkova L.Y. , Sazonova S.A.
Published: June 2021

The article reflects the problem of formation of students' motivational competence in an inclusive environment of the university (motivations of affiliation, achievement, self-actualization and value orientations of the individual), presents the results of experimental work, testing of training for the of professional motivation of students in the process of studying disciplines of socio-psychological orientation, contributing to their successful professional development.
The problem of artistic image creating in the process of a teacher artist training
Authors: Vardanyan V.A. , Shishkina S.V. , Matveeva N.V.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the problem of artistic image creating in the students’ creative works as a productive source of an artistic-pedagogical development of the future teacher artist. An artistic image is the basis of any art form and occupies the leading part in the artwork as it has a vast and significant esthetic value, demonstrating the result of an artist life experience display. The analysis of the theoretical sources, university training internship and the process of creative works fulfillment in different art forms brought to light the undervaluation of the necessity of scientifically grounded pedagogical grounds creation which will allow to the utmost prepare the students to the artistic image creating. This determines the relevance of the ways developing of students’ readiness to create an artistic image and its implementation in creative activities.
Learning with the use of distance learning technologies or what digital tools should a teacher possess?
Authors: Voronin D.М. , Nechaev A.V. , Voronina E.G.
Published: June 2021

This work is devoted to the analysis of the digital tools that a modern teacher should possess to implement the educational process using distance learning technologies. Based on the conducted research, the main competencies that a teacher should have to conduct professional activities from the point of view of students were established. Digital tools are urgently needed to implement these competencies. In this paper, we will show our view on the algorithm for using digital tools in the educational process. A teacher should have a wide arsenal of digital tools: be able to use office programs, be able to search, to select, to analyze and to interpret information. To be able to create a teacher’s website, record digital audio and video content, to be able to place it for easy access for students, and, of course, be able to use the University’s learning management system.
The development of personality qualities of future officers of law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation
Authors: Dyachkov A.A. , Shabanov L.V. , Suvorova O.V.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of the development of the emotional and volitional sphere within the framework of the formation of the personal subjectivity of the future officers of Russia. The authors draw attention to the area of concern of appropriate assessment of the situation in conditions of constant changes and the dependence of the subjectivity on rational and emotional risk factors when making a decision by the commander. The main methods were studying. systematizing and making conclusions on literature sources concerning the stated problem of the study. preparing proposals. The article presents an analysis of the data of various researchers on the problem of the formation of personal subjectivity of a person.
The technology of formation of future teachers’ information culture
Authors: Abbasova L.I. , Zotova I.V. , Mustafaeva Z.I.
Published: June 2021

The article describes features of the formation of future teachers’ information culture. The relevance of the development, implementation and maintenance of the technology of forming process of information culture of future teachers is substantiated. Different views of scientists on the definitions of “information culture of a person”, “technology” are considered. The main components of information culture are highlighted: computer literacy, information competence, information reflection, information culture creation. The constituent elements of pedagogical technology are listed, which is represented by a set of goals and methods aimed at implementing the projected learning process and is presented by a phased implementation plan. The main characteristics of a technology for the formation of information culture of a future educator are revealed and disclosed. The article describes the results of experimental work to identify the current level of formation of information culture of future teachers. Comparative results of the data obtained during the control experiment testify to the effectiveness of the probed technology and the readiness to use information technologies in professional activities.
Formation of auto-competence of a preschool teacher in the process of professional development
Authors: Korepanova M.V. , Savva N.V. , Gushchina N.A.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the problem of forming the autocompetence of a preschool teacher as a universal characteristic as a part of the structure of professional competence. The article substantiates the idea of the role of auto competence in the dynamic adaptation of the teacher in modern educational realities. The formation of auto competence is presented in the form of a step-by-step model that reveals the logic of the process based on objectively existing contradictions between the understanding of the importance of increasing the level of awareness of the subject’s own personality, and insufficient knowledge of a specific set of means and conditions that motivate him to self-knowledge. The authors trace the features of the formation of auto-competence at each of the stages described in the study. The article summarizes the practical experience of implementing the program for the auto competence formation into the process of psychological and pedagogical support of teachers.
Anti-terrorist activities of the future officers: essential and structural specifications
Authors: Laptev A.A. , Kosukhin V.V. , Lomakina I.G.
Published: June 2021

The issues of the fight against terrorism and the training of law enforcement personnel to participate in this fight are currently particularly relevant. This is due to the fact that on the one hand, terrorism evolves and builds its activities taking into account the anti-terrorist policy, on the other hand, international terrorism has long ceased to be a «thing in itself», it is actively but covertly used by many countries and political forces to gain benefits and achieve their goals. The article examines the characteristics of anti-terrorist activities and the conditions in which their skills are formed. The research methodology is based on the system and activity approaches and functional analysis. The main scientific results of the study were that the characteristics of the anti-terrorist activities of future officers were revealed and the structure of readiness for this activity was clarified, the pedagogical conditions for the formation of the readiness of future officers for anti-terrorist activities were given, the optimization of the educational process was modeled in order to form the readiness of future officers for anti-terrorist activities.
Realization of author’s program of developing artistic abilities of schoolchildren on basis of continuity
Authors: Legenchuk D.V.
Published: June 2021

The definition of abilities and their correct development act as one of the most important pedagogical tasks that require special attention, solution, approach, especially during the period of changes in the content of the educational process connected with its reform. According to the author, to update educational approaches related to improving the effectiveness of the educational process, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of author’s training programs. They will control planned and systematic activities of all participants in the educational process, regardless of the form of its organization. The article considers the main provisions of the author’s program that contribute to the development of the artistic abilities of schoolchildren in the conditions of modernization and reform of modern Russian education, including the changes caused by COVID 19. The author’s program is designed to expand the content of the concept of the continuity of secondary vocational and higher education. Its structure includes content components of general education and training of future designers and teachers of technology and design in multilevel professional education as potential directions for its development in the context of global challenges.