bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of angular dispersion in dielectric gratings for multifunctional wavefront shaping and dynamic polarization conversion
Authors: Yuan Yiwu , Cheng Jierong , Fan Fei , Wang Xianghui , Chang Shengjiang
Published: September 2021

Compared with traditional optical elements, metasurfaces have shown unique advantages in multifunctionality encoded in different frequencies, polarization states, and orbital angular momentums. However, the study of metasurfaces with well-controlled functions under different incident angles is still in its infancy. Here we propose a general method to tailor the angular dispersion over the simplest binary dielectric grating in the transmission mode. We demonstrate that the angular response is strongly related to the number of waveguide modes inside the grating, so one can intentionally reduce or enhance the angular dispersion by controlling the number of waveguide modes. Independent phase manipulation over incident angles is experimentally demonstrated by a metalens with angle-dependent focus. The angular dispersion in orthogonal polarization states is further utilized to demonstrate angle-insensitive and angle-multiplexed wave plates. These devices with simple configuration and clear physics offer a general platform to expand the scope of beam manipulation over metasurfaces.
Monolithic high-index contrast grating mirror for a GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser
Authors: Hong Kuo-Bin , Chang Tsu-Chi , Hjort Filip , Lindvall Niclas , Hsieh Wen-Hsuan , Huang Wei-Hao , Tsai Po-Hsun , Czyszanowski Tomasz , Haglund Åsa , Lu Tien-Chang
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a pulsed electrically pumped GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with one dielectric distributed Bragg reflector and one n-GaN monolithic high-index contrast grating (MHCG) mirror was demonstrated at room temperature. The reflectance of the n-GaN MHCG and cavity mode behaviors of the VCSEL with MHCG for varying n-GaN thickness, MHCG pattern diameter, and current aperture size were numerically investigated. Measured characteristics of the fabricated device showed that the lasing action started at an injection current of 10.2 mA, corresponding to a current density of about

15.1
  

kA/
cm

2

. Above threshold, the measured slope efficiency was

6.2
×

10

−
3

  
W
/
A

, and the output power was 0.13 mW at 30 mA. Moreover, the measured lasing peak occurring at 403.4 nm and the longitudinal mode spacing of 5.6 nm were in good agreement with simulations. The incorporation of an n-GaN MHCG mirror not only greatly simplified the fabrication but also substantially improved the lasing characteristics in comparison to the previous work applying

TiO

2

HCG mirrors.
Functional human genes typically exhibit epigenetic conservation
Authors: Rud Daniel , Marjoram Paul , Siegmund Kimberly , Shibata Darryl
Published: September 2021

Recent DepMap CRISPR-Cas9 single gene disruptions have identified genes more essential to proliferation in tissue culture. It would be valuable to translate these finding with measurements more practical for human tissues. Here we show that DepMap essential genes and other literature curated functional genes exhibit cell-specific preferential epigenetic conservation when DNA methylation measurements are compared between replicate cell lines and between intestinal crypts from the same individual. Culture experiments indicate that epigenetic drift accumulates through time with smaller differences in more functional genes. In NCI-60 cell lines, greater targeted gene conservation correlated with greater drug sensitivity. These studies indicate that two measurements separated in time allow normal or neoplastic cells to signal through conservation which human genes are more essential to their survival in vitro or in vivo.
High-throughput kinome-RNAi screen identifies protein kinase R activator (PACT) as a novel genetic modifier of CUG foci integrity in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1)
Authors: Neault Nafisa , O’Reilly Sean , Baig Aiman Tariq , Plaza-Diaz Julio , Azimi Mehrdad , Farooq Faraz , Baird Stephen D. , MacKenzie Alex
Published: September 2021

Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) is the most common form of adult muscular dystrophy (~1:8000). In DM1, expansion of CTG trinucleotide repeats in the 3’ untranslated region of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) gene results in DMPK mRNA hairpin structures which aggregate as insoluble ribonuclear foci and sequester several RNA-binding proteins. The resulting sequestration and misregulation of important splicing factors, such as muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1), causes the aberrant expression of fetal transcripts for several genes that contribute to the disease phenotype. Previous work has shown that antisense oligonucleotide-mediated disaggregation of the intranuclear foci has the potential to reverse downstream anomalies. To explore whether the nuclear foci are, to some extent, controlled by cell signalling pathways, we have performed a screen using a small interfering RNA (siRNA) library targeting 518 protein kinases to look at kinomic modulation of foci integrity. RNA foci were visualized byin situhybridization of a fluorescent-tagged (CAG)10probe directed towards the expanded DMPK mRNA and the cross-sectional area and number of foci per nuclei were recorded. From our screen, we have identified PACT (protein kinase R (PKR)activator) as a novel modulator of foci integrity and have shown that PACT knockdown can both increase MBNL1 protein levels; however, these changes are not suffcient for significant correction of downstream spliceopathies.
Dengue virus in humans and mosquitoes and their molecular characteristics in northeastern Thailand 2016-2018
Authors: Nonyong Patcharaporn , Ekalaksananan Tipaya , Phanthanawiboon Supranee , Aromseree Sirinart , Phadungsombat Juthamas , Nakayama Emi E. , Shioda Tatsuo , Sawaswong Vorthon , Payungporn Sunchai , Thaewnongiew Kesorn , Overgaard Hans J. , Bangs Michael J. , Alexander Neal , Pientong Chamsai
Published: September 2021

Dengue is hyperendemic in most Southeast Asian countries including Thailand, where all four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1 to -4) have circulated over different periods and regions. Despite dengue cases being annually reported in all regions of Thailand, there is limited data on the relationship of epidemic DENV infection between humans and mosquitoes, and about the dynamics of DENV during outbreaks in the northeastern region. The present study was conducted in this region to investigate the molecular epidemiology of DENV and explore the relationships of DENV infection in humans and in mosquitoes during 2016–2018. A total of 292 dengue suspected patients from 11 hospitals and 902 individual mosquitoes (at patient’s houses and neighboring houses) were recruited and investigated for DENV serotypes infection using PCR. A total of 103 patients and 149 individual mosquitoes were DENV -positive. Among patients, the predominant DENV serotypes in 2016 and 2018 were DENV-4 (74%) and DENV-3 (53%) respectively, whereas in 2017, DENV-1, -3 and -4 had similar prevalence (38%). Additionally, only 19% of DENV infections in humans and mosquitoes at surrounding houses were serotypically matched, while 81% of infections were serotypically mismatched, suggesting that mosquitoes outside the residence may be an important factor of endemic dengue transmission. Phylogenetic analyses based on envelope gene sequences showed the genotype I of both DENV-1 and DENV-4, and co-circulation of the Cosmopolitan and Asian I genotypes of DENV-2. These strains were closely related to concurrent strains in other parts of Thailand and also similar to strains in previous epidemiological profiles in Thailand and elsewhere in Southeast Asia. These findings highlight genomic data of DENV in this region and suggest that people’s movement in urban environments may result in mosquitoes far away from the residential area being key determinants of DENV epidemic dynamics.
Definitheit im Selkupischen
Authors: Budzisch Josefina
Published: September 2021

The dissertation at hand deals with definiteness in Selkup. It is investigated how in Selkup – taking the three dialect groups North, Central and South Selkup into account – semantic-pragmatic definiteness is expressed, since the language lacks an explicit grammatical marker (like a definite article) for the expression of definiteness. The analysis is carried out on the basis of existing research literature, elicit data and a corpus, which is composed of 248 texts with 12,828 sentences and 77,443 tokens.

In its entirety, Selkup thus shows that demonstratives, possessive associations and the non-possessive use of the possessive suffix of the third person singular are the most important strategies for marking definiteness. All types of references, however, contain large numbers of unmarked noun phrases, showing that context is often the decisive factor in deciding whether a noun phrase is to be interpreted as definite or indefinite.
Targeted Albumin Therapy Does Not Improve Short-Term Outcome in Hyponatremic Patients Hospitalized With Complications of Cirrhosis: Data From the ATTIRE Trial
Authors: China Louise , Freemantle Nick , Forrest Ewan , Kallis Yiannis , Ryder Stephen D. , Wright Gavin , O'Brien Alastair
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Patients with decompensated cirrhosis and hyponatremia have a poor prognosis. We investigated Albumin to Prevent Infection in Chronic Liver Failure trial data to determine whether targeted albumin infusions improved outcome in patients with hyponatremia at baseline.

METHODS:

We examined the interaction between targeted albumin and standard care for the composite primary end point, stratifying by baseline sodium ≥ and <130 mmol/L.

RESULTS:

Randomization to albumin was associated with a significant increase in sodium; however, there was no interaction between sodium category and treatment for the trial primary end point.

DISCUSSION:

Targeted intravenous albumin infusions increased serum sodium level in hospitalized hyponatremic patients with cirrhosis, but this did not improve outcome.
Novel bounds for causal effects based on sensitivity parameters on the risk difference scale
Authors: Sjölander Arvid , Hössjer Ola
Published: September 2021

Unmeasured confounding is an important threat to the validity of observational studies. A common way to deal with unmeasured confounding is to compute bounds for the causal effect of interest, that is, a range of values that is guaranteed to include the true effect, given the observed data. Recently, bounds have been proposed that are based on sensitivity parameters, which quantify the degree of unmeasured confounding on the risk ratio scale. These bounds can be used to compute an E-value, that is, the degree of confounding required to explain away an observed association, on the risk ratio scale. We complement and extend this previous work by deriving analogous bounds, based on sensitivity parameters on the risk difference scale. We show that our bounds can also be used to compute an E-value, on the risk difference scale. We compare our novel bounds with previous bounds through a real data example and a simulation study.
Broadband Internet and Income Inequality
Authors: Houngbonon Georges V. , Liang Julienne
Published: September 2021

Digital technologies like the Internet can affect income inequality through increased demand for employment in manual and abstract jobs and reduced demand for employment in routine jobs. In this paper, we combine city-level income distribution and jobs data with broadband data from France to investigate the impact of broadband Internet access on income inequality. Using an instrumental variable estimation strategy, we find that broadband Internet reduces income inequality through increased employment in manual jobs. These effects increase with the availability of skilled workers and are significant in cities with a large service sector or high-speed Internet access. Further, the diffusion of broadband Internet comes with relatively greater benefits in low-income cities compared to high-income cities. Several robustness checks support these findings.
Human Slip Assessment of Candidate Reference Surfaces for Walkway Tribometer Validation: An Update to Standard ASTM F2508
Authors: Blanchette Mark G. , Lee-Confer Jonathan , Brault John R. , Rutledge Bradley , Elkin Benjamin S. , Siegmund Gunter P.
Published: September 2021

Previous studies have reported on the concept of using human subjects to rank and differentiate walkway surfaces that vary in slipperiness. Surfaces identified as having different levels of slipperiness, based on the outcomes of human subject walking trials, are then used to validate tribometer slip resistance measurements. This concept was adopted in the development of ASTM F2508-11, Standard Practice for Validation and Calibration of Walkway Tribometers Using Reference Surfaces. Because of a depleting supply of the reference surfaces cited by ASTM F2508, new reference surfaces are needed. In this study, our objective was to assess new candidate reference surfaces to update the ASTM F2508-16, Standard Practice for Validation, Calibration, and Certification of Walkway Tribometers Using Reference Surfaces. One hundred and forty-eight human subjects walked across four ceramic-based tiles (E, F, G, and H) under contaminated conditions. Our results revealed that, consistent with our prior studies, human subjects were able to rank and differentiate surfaces according to slipperiness. Moreover, the surfaces evaluated in this study demonstrate characteristics that make them suitable replacements for the ASTM F2508 reference surfaces. Based on our findings, we recommend that ASTM F2508 be updated using surfaces E, F, and G and that surface G be considered a candidate to establish a slip resistance threshold for walking.
Towards Capturing Human Well-Being-Nature Relationships in Poverty Assessments in Rural Malawi and Rwanda
Authors: Schaafsma Marije , Gross-Camp Nicole
Published: September 2021

Despite repeated emphasis on the links between the natural environment and human well-being and the disproportionate and direct dependence of the rural poor on natural resources, these links have not been well addressed in poverty assessments. Common poverty profiles neither reflect the contribution of nature to well-being nor the multiple values and meanings that people ascribe to nature. Building on a conceptual grounding for including environmental components in well-being measures, our work aimed to determine for which components it is legitimate to do so according to the people whose well-being is measured. We developed a focus group discussion protocol to elicit perceptions of environment-well-being relationships in rural settings in Rwanda and Malawi. The protocol included a well-being free-listing exercise, a matching exercise linking the listed items to predefined well-being dimensions, and a discussion of environment-well-being connections. We found that severe environmental degradation, hazards, and conflicts over access to land and forests in these diverse rural areas are deeply and directly linked to well-being. Environmental changes such as flooding or extended drought led to losses of income, crops, and assets, as well as prolonged periods of psychological stress, constrained freedom of choice, and in extreme cases, death. Our results suggest that some environmental components are constituent to well-being. We emphasise the importance of validating the precise environmental components that are considered relevant to well-being in different contexts. Extending poverty measurement with relevant environmental components can help in targeting action towards reducing poverty in a more legitimate, context-specific way.
Cardiac Papillary Fibroelastoma Result in Acute Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Kang Zhefeng , Shi Jun , Guo Yingqiang , Wang Mian
Published: September 2021

Background: Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma is a rare, benign primary cardiac tumor that remains asymptomatic. Severe complications have been reported in some cases. The only effective therapy is surgical excision.
Case presentation: Here, we report a case of cardiac papillary fibroelastoma with the initial symptom of chest pain and a first diagnosis of acute left main coronary artery disease. This patient eventually underwent tumor excision surgery and recovered well.
Conclusion: For patients with symptomatic cardiac papillary fibroelastoma, we provide a series of comprehensive data from before, during, and after surgery. This might be helpful for the future diagnosis and treatment of these tumors.
Is Epicardial Adipose Tissue Associated with Atrial Fibrillation Following Cardiac Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sha Rina , Han Wenqiang , Lin Mingjie , Zhong Jingquan
Published: September 2021

Background: Although epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been proven to be related to atrial fibrillation (AF) and post-ablation AF recurrence, the association between EAT and AF after cardiac surgery (AFACS) remains unclear.
Objective: This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis that assessed the relationship between EAT and AFACS.
Methods: Electronic databases were systematically searched for “atrial fibrillation” and “epicardial adipose tissue.” The analysis was stratified according to the EAT measurement into three meta-analyses as (1) total EAT volume, (2) left atrial (LA)-EAT volume, and (3) EAT thickness. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was estimated using a random effects model.
Results: Eight articles with 10 studies (546 patients) were included. The meta-analysis revealed that EAT was higher in those with AFACS irrespective of the EAT measurement (total EAT volume: SMD = 0.56 mL, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.56–1.10 mL, I2 = 0.90, P = .04; EAT thickness: SMD = 0.85 mm, 95% CI = 0.04–1.65 mm, I2 = 0.90, P = .04; LA-EAT volume: SMD = 0.57 mL, 95% CI = 0.23–0.92 mL, I2 = 0.00, P = .001).
Conclusion: EAT was higher in patients with AFACS, measured either as volume or thickness.
The poetics of Vasyl Stefanyk’s story «Children’s Adventure»
Authors: Цівкач Ольга
Published: September 2021

Aim. The article analyses the means of using a new method of storytelling with elements of the poetics of behaviourism, which deeply showed the consequences and impact of the First World War on the lives of civilians in the sphere of hostilities. The heroes of the novel are little children who were running away from the soldiers and found themselves in the dark woods near a fatally wounded mother. The hero of the novel Vasilko, a boy of six or eight years, must fulfil the prayer of a dying mother and save his sister Nastya, who is very young and cannot even speak. The novelty of the author of the novel does not describe Vasylko’s inner emotions, but using the poetics of behaviourism, shows only the actions of the boy and his behaviour in these circumstances. The novel is devoid of emotional expressions, conveys the boy’s behaviour, his actions caused by external pathogens. The author with great force conveys his attitude to the war and its inhumane nature.
Володимир Серафимович Вахрушев (Від публікатора)
Authors: Козлик Ігор
Published: September 2021

У статті, яка є післямовою до надрукованої вище в перекладі на українську мову методологічної статті російського літературознавця, доктора філологічних наук, професора В. С. Вахрушева (1932–2011) «Про метамову гуманітарної наукової думки», подано біографічні відомості про російського гуманітарія, дана стисла характеристика його методологічної та загальнокультурної позиції, охарактеризовано його ставлення до своєї і чужої культури та його погляди на завдання філологічної освіти, вказано на причини здійсненої публікації його неопублікованої раніше праці у перекладі на українську мову.
Chemical characteristics of thermo-hydrolytically recycled particles
Authors: Fu Qilan , Wang Xiang-Ming , Cloutier Alain , Roussière Fabrice
Published: September 2021

Particles from waste laminated particleboards were recovered using various thermo-hydrolytic treatments. The size distribution and three main chemical properties, such as pH, buffer capacity, and nitrogen content of the control and resulting particles were determined. The effects of treatment temperature and duration on the chemical properties of recycled particles were investigated. The effects of the resulting particles on the gel time of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin were also measured. The test results suggested that the pH of particles after hot water soaking pre-treatment and the different thermo-hydrolytic treatments increased to different extents, with the exception of the particles treated at 140 °C for 50 min and 160 °C for 20 min. The acid buffer capacity and base buffer capacity of particles treated at 140 °C for 50 min and 160 °C for 20 min had no statistical difference, but they were much higher than those of other types of treated particles. A high treatment temperature facilitated the decomposition of wood polymers and UF resin. Both temperature and treatment duration had significant effects on pH, acid buffer capacity, and base buffer capacity of wood particles. Wood particles recycled at a high temperature had a negative effect on the gel time of UF resin.
Spectral characteristics of initial and irradiated GaAsP LEDs
Authors:   National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Vernydub R.M. , Kyrylenko O.I. , Konoreva O.V. , Stratilat D.P. , Tartachnyk V.P. , Filonenko M.M. , Shlapatska V.V. ,   Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine,   L.V. Pisarzhevski Physical Chemistry Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

The optical characteristics of the GaAs1-хPх output LEDs and LEDs irradiated with electrons with Е = 2 MeV, Ф = 1015 ÷ 1016 cm-2 were studied. The width of the band gap of the GaAs1-хPх (х = 0.45) solid solution was estimated. Its growth is caused by the heating of carriers by the field of the p-n junction. The damage coefficients of the lifetime of minority charge carriers for irradiated GaAsP LEDs have been calculated and the consequences of exposure to radiation on the operational parameter Т1, which determines the thermal stability of the diodes, have been analyzed.
"Dose – effect" calibration dependence by frequency of unstable chromosomic exchanges in human lymphocytes in acute gamma irradiation by 137Сs in low doses for biological dosimetry
Authors:   Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kurochkina V.A. , Bezdrobna L.K. , Tsyganok T.V. , Khomych I.A.
Published: September 2021

The calibration dependence of dicentrics and rings chromosomes with an accompanying fragment induction in human lymphocytes by in vitro 137Сs acute gamma irradiation of blood in the dose range of 0.09 - 1.0 Gy is presented. The application of the obtained calibration curve for estimation of “biological” doses for overexposed 9 persons from the contract staff of the Chornobyl SSE is shown. Their doses calculated by the frequency of dicentrics and centric rings with consideration of operation duration and mode in the zone of influence of the radiation factor, significantly exceeded the doses determined by the methods of physical dosimetry.
Hepatic Vein and Inferior Vena Cava Reconstruction during Hepatic Surgery Resection for Cancer
Authors: Coco Danilo , Leanza Silvana
Published: September 2021

Invasion of tumor in the liver requires surgical interventions that may reduce the effects or may eliminate the tumor-affected cells. The renewal of the hepatic vein and inferior vena cava has enabled most specialized oncologists and medical specialists to use advanced diagnostic methods in the treatment of the liver tumors. Liver resection has prolonged the lives of many patients and the invention of live donor organ transplants has effectively enabled the use of liver resection in most cancer centers across the world. By reviewing data from 10 articles, 21 surgical analyses were investigated and analyzed for the risks involved in the applications of reconstructions of hepatic vein and inferior vena cava in the surgical liver resection. The postoperative complications and the indications of reconstructions were mentioned. The results indicated that with these surgical procedures, complications are still involved but may be successful for particular patients.
Proyección social mediante la gestión de proyectos de investigación y desarrollo
Authors: Ureña-Villamizar Yan Carlos , Carrullo-Durán Norcelly Yaritza , Narváez-Castro Mary Sol , Ontiveros-Cepeda Roberto Carlos
Published: September 2021

La incubación de ideas=valor se basa en modelos estratégicos para la generación, conversión y socialización de las realidades del entorno a través de la investigación intencionada, promoviendo los conocimientos humanísticos, tecnológicos y científicos, en este sentido es necesario platearse como objetivo de este articulo el analizar la importancia que tiene proyección social mediante la gestión de proyectos de investigación y desarrollo, como elemento de interrelación entre las empresas y las universidades, permitiendo a través de su creación, desarrollo y seguimiento actualizar los conocimientos de los profesionales en formación. Metodológicamente, esta basado en un enfoque cualitativo, bajo un tipo interpretativo y con basamento en un estudio documental, Los resultados arrojados muestran que los stakeholder son necesarios, específicamente porque se generan producto de los cambios sociales, económicos, políticos, del estado, y encaminan esfuerzos a satisfacer sus expectativas, reconociendo de esta manera beneficios internos y a la sociedad en su conjunto. Tomando en cuanto los aportes anteriores, se puede señalar que las universidades no han tenido el interés en involucrar a otras personas en los procesos de proyectos de investigación y desarrollo, dejando el conocimiento encerrado en las mismas.
Desplazamiento altitudinal de las zonas productoras de cacao en el departamento Norte de Santander por efectos de las variaciones climáticas
Authors: Nuñez-Rodríguez José de Jesús
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar los efectos de las variaciones climáticas en las características físicas de las almendras de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en 6 gradientes altitudinales del departamento Norte de Santander, Colombia.  Se  seleccionaron 12 fincas, de pequeños productores, localizadas entre los 0 msnm hasta los 1.200 msnm. Asimismo, se analizaron los registros de 36 años  de temperaturas y precipitaciones medias obtenidos de una  estación  meteorológica del  Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM),  ubicada a 50 msnm dentro del área de influencia de las zonas cacaoteras evaluadas. En cada unidad de análisis se caracterizaron muestras de 300 gramos de almendras secas, de la cosecha de marzo-junio 2019, a las cuales se les determinó el peso de 100 almendras y el porcentaje de cascarilla. Los datos fueron analizados a través de  estimadores descriptivos, ANAVAR y la Prueba de Tukey. Los resultados evidenciaron  incrementos significativos en las temperaturas de 0.0315 °C/año y variaciones en el peso de las almendras significativas, p ˂ 0.01, Fc= 33.4, infiriéndose la aparición de 2  franjas climáticas para la producción de cacao en el departamento, la primera ubicada entre los 0 a los 600 msnm con granos medianos y grandes y altos contenidos de cascarilla y; la segunda, situada sobre los 600 hasta los 1.200 msnm, con granos de tamaño grande y bajo porcentaje de cascarilla. En conclusión, se establece que las variaciones  climáticas están generando efectos negativos en los principales municipios productores de cacao del departamento y, al mismo tiempo, abre nuevos espacios para el desarrollo del cultivo en los municipios con altitudes superiores a los 600 msnm.
The Effect of Teacher’s Corrective Feedback Through Online Conferencing on Elementary Students’ English-Speaking Confidence
Authors: Jo Yun Hui , Park Yun Joo
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of teacher's corrective feedback through online conferencing on elementary students' English-speaking confidence. This study was conducted for 4 months from August to December 2020. There were 6 participants, aged 8 to 13 enrolled in a private education institute where they attended English classes using mobile devices. During this case study, the students were asked to use English, learners’ target language when interacting with their teacher. When learners struggled to understand the teacher’s English instructions, the teacher guided them in Korean. All the classes were video-recorded and transcribed by the teacher. Data were analyzed in order to examine the progress of participants’ voluntary English production stimulated by having conversational interactions with the teacher. The findings were as follows. First, participants’ anxiety level was high in the beginning. Second, they were able to speak English words, give their opinions in English, and join the conversation in English with the teacher. Lastly, feedback from the teacher through conversational interactions helped learners understand how to speak in English better and build up confidence. As a result, it is necessary to interact with the teachers and peers using learners’ target language to improve English communication skills.
Investigation of a Perovskite Solar Cell and Various Parameters Impact on Its Layers and the Effect of Interface Modification by Using P3HT as an Ultrathin Polymeric Layer Through SCAPS-1D Simulation
Authors: HOSSEİNİ Seyyedreza , BAHRAMGOUR Mahsa , DELİBAŞ Nagihan , NİAİE Aligholi
Published: September 2021

Recently, renewable energy sources such as solar energy have gained much attention for electricity generation because of their easy access and infinite resources. Solar cells are a good choice for this goal. Among the various solar cells that have already been studied, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently is interested in researchers due to their tremendous improvement in system performance and efficiency. This type of solar cell is divided into several layers, each of which has its role in the structure of the cell. Front Contact/Electron transporting material/Absorbent (perovskite)/Hole transporting layer/Back Contact. The overall structure of these cells has shown a maximum efficiency of about 22% which is good efficiency for solar cells. However, this type of solar cell suffers from stability problems, especially at the junction point between the HTM and the perovskite (absorber) layer, despite its cost-effectiveness advantages. To solve this problem, recent studies have been transferred to a study called interface engineering. In this study, the mentioned interfaces are modified by some materials that have regular and stable structures such as polymers. Many polymeric modifiers have been studied in recent years. Among them, P3HT (Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)) has provided the best results. In this paper, first, the effect of different layer properties such as their thickness and charge carrier density were investigated and optimal parameters were obtained for each one using SCAPS-1D (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator) software. Then we simulated the structure of a perovskite solar cell using a polymeric modifier in its structure. The results showed that by adding an ultrathin polymeric film as an interface between HTM and perovskite, the performance of the device was improved and its efficiency was enhanced. The final efficiency of the device with the optimal parameters was obtained about 26.5%.
Кредитный рынок в период коронавируса: кредитование физических лиц и субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства в 2020 году
Authors: Перескокова Мария Владимировна , Кузнецова Эльвира Рудольфовна
Published: September 2021

Цель: статья посвящена вопросам влияния ослабившей экономику Российской Федерации пандемии COVID-19 на развитие кредитного рынка в России. Обсуждение: предполагая, что влияние эпидемии коронавирусной инфекции негативно сказалось на всей экономике государства, в частности на кредитной сфере, авторы осуществляют подробный анализ изменения основных показателей состояния кредитного рынка в 2020 году. Представлена ежемесячная динамика показателей и тенденции на рынке кредитов в период пандемии COVID-19, а также возможные причины выявленных изменений. Результаты: авторами выявлены основные тенденции на рынке кредитования, объяснены причины их появления. Результаты проведенных экономических исследований подтвердили негативное влияние эпидемии COVID-19 на кредитный рынок Российской Федерации в 2020 году.
Индикаторы стратегического развития в условиях цифровизации
Authors: Голикова Галина Викторовна , Ломанова Юлия Михайловна
Published: September 2021

Цель: работа посвящена исследованию существующих инструментов реализации стратегии и созданию методики стратегического управления на основе индикаторов, позволяющих определять и контролировать темпы стратегического развития компании по заданным ключевым направлениям. Обсуждение: на сегодняшний день наиболее популярной и результативной системой для реализации стратегии является Сбалансированная система показателей Р. Каплана и Д. Нортона (ССП). Однако эта система нуждается в доработке под реалии современных тенденций ведения бизнеса и для упрощения контроля над стратегическим развитием компании посредством индикаторов и коэффициентов результата изменений. Результаты: дана авторская трактовка индикаторов стратегического развития компании, подчеркнута важность фазы реализации стратегии и ее контроля, предложена видоизмененная модель реализации стратегии на основе ССП.
Инновации в управлении персоналом организаций: анализ технологических трендов
Authors: Митина Наталья Николаевна
Published: September 2021

Цель: в фокусе нашего исследования находится анализ изменений, проходящих во внешней среде, которые напрямую или опосредованно окажут или уже оказывают существенное влияние на сферу управления человеческими ресурсами. Обсуждение: изменения внешней среды, относящиеся к технологическим факторам, такие как распространение высокоскоростного интернета, искусственного интеллекта, технологий виртуальной реальности, облачных решений, развитие интернета вещей, робототехники, биометрии, геномной инженерии, влекут неизбежные адаптационные изменения в процессах управления на микроуровне. Успешность адаптации во многом зависит от инновационной направленности организационной культуры, определяющей уровень инновационности и креативности мышления как руководителей, так и персонала. Необходимо проводить аналитическую работу по выявлению и исследованию технологических трендов, потенциала их имплементации в процессы управления персоналом в качестве организационно-управленческих инноваций. Результаты: выявлены новые возможности, которые могли бы способствовать развитию системы управления персоналом организации, усилению ее конкурентоспособности, а также угрозы, которые необходимо учитывать при принятии управленческих решений.
Обеспечение экономической устойчивости деятельности автотранспортного предприятия на основе оптимальной структуры баланса
Authors: Бухонова Надежда Митрофановна , Матыцина Наталья Петровна , Яковлев Андрей Васильевич
Published: September 2021

Цель: предложить способ обеспечения финансовой устойчивости деятельности предприятия на основе построения оптимальной структуры баланса. Обсуждение: рациональное размещение средств предприятия оказывает большое влияние на финансовую устойчивость деятельности организации. Оптимальное соотношение собственных и заемных средств, оборотных и внеоборотных активов способно значительно повысить финансовую устойчивость организации. Для обеспечения стабильности и безопасности перевозок автотранспортному предприятию необходим такой уровень рентабельности, который позволит поддерживать необходимый уровень ликвидности, наличие необходимой суммы денежных средств на расчетном счете и обеспечить постоянный рост чистых активов организации. Муниципальные автотранспортные предприятия, осуществляющие городские перевозки, в большинстве своем являются убыточными и датируются из местного бюджета, соответственно для них весьма актуальным является вопрос обеспечения устойчивого развития. Для обеспечения стабильности и безопасности перевозок автотранспортному предприятию необходима такая структура баланса, которая позволит поддерживать необходимый уровень финансовой устойчивости и ликвидности, и позволит обеспечить устойчивое развитие организации. Соответственно, возникает задача предложить способ формирования такой структуры баланса, которая позволит организации быть устойчивой как с экономической точки зрения, так и с финансовой. Такую структуру баланса можно назвать идеальной. Для формирования «идеальной» структуры баланса оставим неизменным один из элементов исходного баланса и, используя метод подстановок, найдем остальные элементы новой структуры баланса. Предложенную методику можно адаптировать для муниципальных автотранспортных предприятий, которые в большинстве своем являются убыточными и находятся на дотациях местного и областного бюджетов. Результаты: предложен способ обеспечения финансовой устойчивости деятельности автотранспортного предприятия на основе построения оптимальной структуры бухгалтерского баланса.
Вызовы и угрозы цифровой экономики: первые итоги и вектор дальнейшего развития
Authors: Тинякова Виктория Ивановна , Морозова Наталья Ивановна
Published: September 2021

Цель: провести анализ возможностей и ограничений практического применения ключевых технологий цифровой экономики. Обсуждение: информационные технологии видоизменяют существующие бизнес-модели, существенно снижают трансакционные затраты. Однако очень остро возникает вопрос защиты коммерческой информации и персональных данных. Необходимо создать правовую базу, регулирующую взаимоотношения между клиентами и владельцами цифровых платформ. Новая модель цифровой экономики также требует определенной институциональной модификации. Появление новых формальных и неформальных институтов должно отрегулировать правила поведения экономических агентов в условиях цифровой экономики, исключить возможность их оппортунистического поведения. Результаты: сформулированы ответы на основные вызовы цифровой экономики.
Прогнозирование стоимости контрактов «Месяц вперед» на торговых площадках европейского газового рынка
Authors: Ляховненко Дмитрий Сергеевич
Published: September 2021

Цель: статья посвящена методам прогнозирования среднемесячных значений цен форвардных газовых контрактов «Месяц вперед» на европейских торговых площадках. Обсуждение: стоимость форвардных газовых контрактов «Месяц вперед» является одним из важнейших оперативных индикаторов европейского газового рынка, во многом определяющим стратегии его основных игроков в кратко- и средне- срочной перспективе. Прогнозирование данного показателя позволяет предсказывать поведение участников рынка и, как следствие, принимать обоснованные управленческие решения. Поскольку динамика стоимости контрактов подвержена воздействию множества внешних и внутренних факторов, возникает задача анализа этого влияния и разработки многофакторной модели, учитывающей оперативное изменение ключевых характеристик рынка. Результаты: предложен метод многофакторного адаптивного прогнозирования стоимости газовых контрактов «Месяц вперед» на основе эндогенных и экзогенных факторов. Проведена верификация предложенного метода на примере торговой площадки TTF, представлены результаты числовых расчетов, подтверждающие его эффективность.
Особенности и проблемы стратегического управления инновационным развитием высокотехнологичных предприятий
Authors: Попова Илона Витальевна , Казьмина Ирина Владимировна , Рогов Николай Викторович
Published: September 2021

Цель: проанализировать ключевые особенности и проблемы стратегического управления инновационным развитием высокотехнологичного предприятия, выявить тенденции стратегического управления инновационным развитием. Обсуждение: В условиях усиливающейся конкуренции перед высокотехнологичными предприятиями становится все более актуальной проблема стратегического управления инновационным развитием, которое предполагает постоянный поиск методов, позволяющих перераспределять уникальные ресурсы при изменении внешних и внутренних обстоятельств. Стратегическое управление инновационным развитием основано на реализации таких элементов, как: конкурентное преимущество, отличительные возможности, стратегическое намерение, стратегические возможности, стратегические цели и стратегические планы. Результаты: в работе исследованы ключевые элементы стратегического управления инновационным развитием. Выявлены проблемы формирования стратегии инновационного развития, определяемые волатильность цифровой среды, в которой функционирует высокотехнологичное предприятие. Наиболее важной частью стратегического управления инновационным развитием высокотехнологичного предприятия являются знания, навыки, опыт и приверженность сотрудников предприятию. Наиболее существенной особенностью управления человеческими ресурсами является стратегическая интеграция, которая вытекает из видения высшего руководства относительно развития всего предприятия.
Application of machine learning and rough set theory in lean maintenance decision support system development
Authors: Antosz Katarzyna , Jasiulewicz-Kaczmarek Małgorzata , Paśko Łukasz , Zhang Chao , Wang Shaoping
Published: September 2021

Lean maintenance concept is crucial to increase the reliability and availability of maintenance equipment in the manufacturing companies. Due the elimination of losses in maintenance processes this concept reduce the number of unplanned downtime and unexpected failures, simultaneously influence a company’s operational and economic performance. Despite the widespread use of lean maintenance, there is no structured approach to support the choice of methods and tools used for the maintenance function improvement. Therefore, in this paper by using machine learning methods and rough set theory a new approach was proposed. This approach supports the decision makers in the selection of methods and tools for the effective implementation of Lean Maintenance.
Digitális ökoszisztéma – A megosztáson alapuló gazdaság definíciójának egy lehetséges megközelítése
Authors: Bálint Dóra
Published: September 2021

Jelen tanulmány az információs kor egyik új keletű jelenségének, a megosztáson alapuló gazdaságnak vizsgálatát helyezi középpontba. A fogalom – átfogó jellege miatt – nem rendelkezik egységes definícióval, kutatása ezért is jelent kihívást. Írásomban a szakirodalomra építkezve a megközelítések azon közös elemeit azonosítom, amelyek segítségével lehetségessé válik a fogalom pontosabb meghatározása. Ezek közé tartozik egyrészt a magánszemélyek közvetlen összekapcsolása, másrészt a kihasználatlan kapacitások megléte, harmadrészt az átmeneti, ideiglenes hozzáférés, végül az online platform mint szervezőerő. Az alappillérek kérdéseket és dilemmákat is felvetnek a fogalommal kapcsolatban, melyeket a tanulmányban részletesen bemutatok. Az írás konklúziója, hogy egy olyan komplex ökoszisztéma, mint a megosztáson alapuló gazdaság, természetszerűleg nem rendelkezhet konszenzuson alapuló egységes deanícióval. A témában születő publikációk értelmezése okán mégis szükséges törekedni egy keretrendszer kialakítására. A tanulmány három nagy egységből épül fel. Első részében bemutatom a megosztáson alapuló gazdaság hátterét a társadalomföldrajz nézőpontjából. Ez két nagyobb alegységre oszlik, az információrobbanás és a területiség kapcsolatára, valamint a tér új dimenzióinak (online, digitális terek) rövid áttekintésére. Ezt követően a megosztáson alapuló gazdaság kialakulásában szerepet játszó tényezőket és a jelenség elterjedését tekintem át. Végül, a fogalom deanícióinak bemutatását követően a négy alappillér azonosítása és elemzése következik.
Management and rehabilitation of patients with persistent olfactory disorders (hypo- and anosmia) (literature review)
Authors: Voitenkov V.     B. , Ekusheva E. V. , Lavrenova G. V. , Skripchenko N.   V. , Bedova M. A. , Komazov A. A.
Published: September 2021

We present a review of the literature and our own data on the management and rehabilitation of impairment or persis‑tent loss of the olfactory function – hypo‑ and anosmia. Approaches for restoring impaired olfactory function can be divided into olfactory training, pharmacological and physiotherapy. Smell training is carried out according to a number of protocols that differ mainly in the used arsenal of smells, as well as in the frequency of their presentation. Pharma‑cologically, it is proposed to use steroids used both topically (intranasally) and systemically; there is no common view on the effectiveness of this approach. Physiotherapy involve electrical stimulation of the olfactory filaments in the area of their exit into the nasal cavity (lateral masses of the ethmoid bone). In our opinion the most rational approach is the use of training methods using different smells.
Medial plantar nerve: normative parameters of an electroneuromyographic study in adults
Authors: Grishina D. A. , Suponeva N. A.
Published: September 2021

Background. The study of the sensitive portion of the medial plantar nerve is relevant not only in the examination of patients with tibial nerve mononeuropathy or its branches, but also in the diagnosis of polyneuropathies.

Objective: to analyze the normative parameters of the sensory potential recorded during the study of the medial plantar nerve by the orthodromic method in healthy adults.

Materials and methods. 126 sensitive fibers of the medial plantar nerves were studied on the Dantec Keypoint G4 device (Denmark) in 63 healthy individuals (31 men and 32 women; age from 20 to 80 years). 3 groups were identified taking into account age: group 1 included healthy people aged 20 to 39 years (n = 23); group 2 consisted of people aged 40 to 60 years (n = 20); and 3 – older than 60 years (n = 20). The parameters of the sensory potential of the medial plantar nerve are analyzed.

Results. The sensory potential in the study of the sensitive portion of the medial plantar nerve was registered in all 126 healthy subjects. Comparative statistical analysis did not demonstrate significant differences between groups 1–3 in the values of such parameters of the sensory potential as the latency of the onset, the duration of the negative phase and the rate of propagation of excitation. At the same time, in groups 2 and 3, the magnitude of the amplitude from peak to peak of the sensory potential was significantly lower compared to group 1, and averaged 8.92 and 7.86 MV, respectively.

Conclusion. Knowledge of the regulatory parameters will allow expanding the use of electroneuromyography of the sensitive portion of the medial plantar nerve in clinical and research practice.