bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les parures du Midi méditerranéen du Néolithique ancien à l'Age du Bronze : origine et circulation des matières premières
Authors: Roscian Suzanne , Claustre Françoise , Dietrich Jacques E.
Published: March 2010

L'étude des parures en matière minérale a porté sur un matériel très abondant : près de 35 000 objets recensés pour plus de 200 sites du Sud de la France.

Malgré une grande variété des matières premières (une quarantaine) on constate une nette prééminence de l'emploi du talc, puis du calcaire et de la calcite. Tous les autres matériaux sont représentés de manière plus sporadique.

Certaines roches présentes dans plusieurs régions ont été employées de façon préférentielle dans l'une ou l'autre, ainsi la fluorite en Languedoc et la bauxite dans le Var et la région de Grasse.

Des minéraux comme le talc ont pu circuler à plus ou moins longue distance depuis les Pyrénées et peut-être les Alpes. D'autres comme la turquoise et la variscite ont une provenance lointaine. Ce dernier matériau est le seul dont on ait des témoins directs d'exploitation à grande échelle au Néolithique, avec les mines de Gava (Barcelone). Il semble que la variscite ait largement diffusé.

Le choix des matières premières peut varier d'une région à l'autre et n'est pas uniquement lié aux propriétés physiques des roches et minéraux ou à la proximité des gisements géologiques.
Une nouvelle mise en perspective des sites archéologiques lacustres : les fluctuations holocènes des lacs jurassiens et subalpins
Authors: Magny Michel
Published: March 2010

The question about lake-level fluctuations in the Jura and Subalpine ranges at the time of the Neolithic and Bronze Age lake-dwelling development is discussed using sedimentological analysis of holocene lacustrine infillings. The study of the present sedimentary processes in Jurassian lakes allows us to establish a sedimentary model. The reconstruction of the level fluctuations of 21 lakes during the last 9 millennia is based on this model. Correlations between lake-level fluctuations in the Jura, glacier and timberline variations in the Swiss and Austrian Alps, and lastly the atmospheric 14C record argue for the climatic significance of these Holocene lake-level fluctuations and for the influence of the varying solar activity on the climate. Thanks to the dendrochronological datings, these prehistoric lake-dwellings appear to be very interesting sites for a reconstruction of Holocene climate evolution and processes.
Le Solutréen de Laugerie-Haute (Dordogne). Économie du silex
Authors: Demars Pierre-Yves
Published: March 2010

L'immense abri de Laugerie-Haute est le site de référence du Solutréen. Les travaux de D. Peyrony et P. E. L. Smith ont montré que se succédait dans les locus est et ouest la séquence suivante : Protosolutréen, Solutréen inférieur, moyen, supérieur et peut-être final. Cependant, mon étude des collections des fouilles de F. Bordes dans ce site montre que cette stratigraphie est plus complexe, avec probablement des mélanges et une absence de parallélisme entre les séquences des deux locus. Pour moi, il est possible de distinguer : à l'est, le Protosolutréen (couche 31) et un Solutréen évolué (couches 30 à 21) ; à l'ouest, le Solutréen inférieur (couches 12 et 11 A), un Solutréen évolué différent de celui du locus est (couches 9 à 1) et des mélanges d'industries (couches 11 et 10).

L'étude des matières premières montre surtout l'utilisation des silex du Sénonien d'origine locale, notamment ceux que l'on trouve dans les alluvions de la Vézère qui coule à quelques mètres du site. Ces choix sont liés à des techniques de taille faiblement laminaires. Les feuilles de laurier sont surtout fabriquées dans le silex brun du Sénonien. Des silex exotiques sont également présents (silex du Bergeracois, du Fumélois, de l'Hettangien de Corrèze, du Cénozoïque du sud de la Dordogne). Ils ont été utilisés notamment pour la fabrication des pointes à face plane. La stratigraphie de Laugerie-Haute et, en conséquence, la chronologie du Solutréen sont plus complexes que ce qui était reconnu. Pendant le Solutréen, Laugerie-Haute a été habité par un petit groupe qui n 'occupait pas la totalité de l'abri. Comme les populations des autres périodes du Paléolithique supérieur, celui-ci parcourait un territoire limité au nord de l'Aquitaine.
L'abri du Lagopède (fouilles Leroi-Gourhan) et le Magdalénien des grottes de la Cure (Yonne)
Authors: Schmider Béatrice , Valentin Boris , Baffier Dominique , David Francine , Julien Michèle , Leroi-Gourhan A. , Mourer-Chauviré Cécile , Poulain Thérèse , Roblin-Jouve Annie , Taborin Yvette
Published: March 2010

Lagopède rock shelter is part of the Arcy cave ensemble, excavated by A. Leroi-Gourhan. A sequence of horizons developing from Lascaux interstad to the start of Alleröd is identified by pollen analysis. The upper level attributed to Dryas II has furnished remains of a short halt of Magdalenians, with hearth, lithic industry and animal remains (largely reindeer and horse). Imported flint was used for toolkits, local raw material hardly being employed. Other Magdalenian sites on the banks of the Cure are evoked : if the small La Marmotte cave presents a settlement model comparable to that of Lagopède, Trilobite cave seems rather to have been a continuous and repeated occupation site during the entire upper Paleolithic, besides furnishing a rich bone industry. Research into the origins of fossil shell and lithic raw material suggests links to the great open-air settlements of Central Paris basin and attests to the Yonne valley 's importance as a communication route during the final Paleolithic.
Les groupes régionaux occidentaux du Rubané (Rhin et Bassin parisien) à travers les pratiques funéraires
Authors: Jeunesse Christian
Published: March 2010

Within the western Bandkeramik (extending from the Rhine to the Paris basin) four regional groups can be defined on the basis of ceramic styles : north-west Bandkeramik, Neckar Bandkeramik, north Alsace Bandkeramik and south-west Bandkeramik. The whole area contains two separate funerary traditions : tradition I is confined to the south-west Bandkeramik (southern Alsace and the Paris basin) ; tradition II covers the other three groups. This division is present from the early Bandkeramik stage and can be traced as far as the east of central Europe. Tradition I occurs in Bavaria and lower Austria, tradition II in the Elbe regions (central Germany). In consequence one obtains two extensive bands, orientated east-west, which broadly correspond to the two major axes of Bandkeramik colonization. It is therefore likely that the distribution of the two funerary traditions derives from an early and profound division within the Bandkeramik. Yet the two traditions have also integrated, in their own ways, traits of mesolithic origin. Reflecting recent work on lithic industries, analysis of burial practices shows in fact that acculturation processes are under way very early in the Bandkeramik, probably from the "earliest" stage. Their development is deeply affected by the complex web of relations created by two competing ideologies : that of the Danubian colonists and that of the "indigenous component", the latter being a mixture of real hunters and groups undergoing neolithization. At the beginning of the Middle Neolithic there is a marked decline in the Danubian component ; in the Danubian neolithic funerary tradition III, which emerges with the Hinkelstein culture, an important place is given to symbols linked to hunting and the wild.

(Translated by M. Ilett)
Du site au territoire : l'occupation du sol dans les hautes vallées de la Loire et de l'Allier au Paléolithique supérieur (Massif central, France)
Authors: Bracco Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2010

Les conditions paléoenvironnementales du Wüm récent régissent en grande partie l'occupation humaine des hautes vallées de la Loire et de l'Allier. La colonisation peut être divisée en deux grandes phases principales. Jusqu 'à la fin du Dryas ancien, les peuplements sont épisodiques car ils sont fonction des améliorations climatiques. Le Velay se situe alors en marge des zones principales de peuplement. A partir du Bölling, le peuplement, beaucoup plus dense, n 'est plus soumis aux contraintes climatiques. Pour chacune de ces deux phases est proposé et discuté un modèle d'organisation socio-économique des groupes humains. Toutefois, les limites d'une interprétation strictement « écologique » du comportement des groupes humains sont évoquées.
La fin du Paléolithique supérieur en Franche-Comté : environnement, cultures, chronologie
Authors: David Serge
Published: March 2010

The chronological limits of this article are the Late Glacial Period between 15 000 and 10 000 BP. It consists in two cold periods, the Oldest Dryas and the Younger Dryas, between which an unstable temperate period is situated, the Late Würmian Interstadial, subdivided in Bölling and Alleröd. The latest palynological studies in humid environment do not show the Older Dryas of the traditional chronology. The Late Glacial Period is characterized by the succession of Magdalenian and Epipaleolithic cultures. The most frequent of this cultures is Azilian. The existence of Badegoulian being only an hypothesis, we think that Magdalenian occurs at a middle stage around the beginning of the Oldest Dryas in a still cold environment. Complex influences seem to exert over the genesis of that first Magdalenian culture. The Upper Magdalenian could be placed around the end of the Oldest Dryas and is closely related to classical Magdalenian from the south of France. At the late stage of this culture, dated of the junction Bölling-Alleröd, many evolutions occur in lithic assemblages and in art, but Magdalenian features remain strongly present. On the contrary, the beginning of Alleröd is a major break : first a climatic break, with the extinction of Würmian fauna, then a cultural break, with the appearance of Azilian, whose roots are located in the local Late Magdalenian. But the Azilian culture is also very different by its typological structure and its artistic themes, even if the symbolic references come from the same cultural environment.
Les gravures de la grotte ornée de Bara-Bahau (Le Bugue, Dordogne)
Authors: Delluc Brigitte , Delluc Gilles
Published: March 2010

La grotte ornée de Bara-Bahau (Le Bugue, Dordogne), découverte en 1951 par N. et M. Casteret, a fait récemment l'objet d'une étude méthodique. Les dix-huit représentations (trois signes quadrangulaires, une main, un phallus, six chevaux, deux bisons, un aurochs, un renne, un ours et deux tracés incomplets) sont gravés sur une surface pyramidale en trois registres superposés au fond de la galerie. L'analyse technologique a rendu nécessaire l'élimination d'un certain nombre de tracés d'origine et de datation sans doute modernes. Par le style des animaux et par l'existence de signes quadrangulaires proches des tectiformes, Bara-Bahau semble bien pouvoir être rapporté au Magdalénien.
Contribution à la lecture des gravures symboliques de la région du Mont Bego, Tende (Alpes-Maritimes). Les petits personnages associés à un zigzag
Authors: Lumley Henry de , Echassoux Annie , Serres Thierry
Published: March 2010

Quatre roches gravées de la région du mont Bego présentent sept fois la même composition : un petit personnage en position

d'orant, évoquant un prêtre, les bras dirigés vers une alvéole ou une petite plage rectangulaire symbolisant le dieu du ciel, d'où part un

zigzag ou une ligne régulière représentant à la fois la foudre et la source jaillissant du rocher.

Cette composition, remarquablement constante, évoque le prêtre intercédant auprès du dieu du ciel, « le principe primordial », maître de l'orage et dispensateur de la pluie, pour qu'il vienne fertiliser la terre.

Ne peut-on évoquer ici Moïse, accompagné du grand prêtre Aaron, dans le désert de Sin, frappant le rocher avec son bâton et faisant

jaillir l'eau en abondance pour abreuver son peuple et faire boire le bétail ?
Les microgravettes du Périgordien de Rabier à Lanquais (Dordogne) : analyse technologique fonctionnelle
Authors: Soriano Sylvain
Published: March 2010

La morphologie particulièrement suggestive des microgravettes contribue à leur attribuer une fonction de pointe de projectile. Cette hypothèse est examinée à la lumière de l'analyse technologique fonctionnelle d'une série de microgravettes provenant du site de Rabier (Lanquais, Dordogne) complétée par une approche expérimentale. Les résultats de cette analyse sont finalement discutés dans le panorama du Périgordien supérieur.
III. Les armatures de flèches en silex de Chalain et de Clairvaux
Authors: Saintot Sylvie
Published: March 2010

This study shows the main trends of flint arrow-heads evolution, from shore dwellings in Chalain and Clairvaux lakes. The data concerns 408 arrow-heads, dated from the 38th to the 17th centuries BC (calendar years). It is possible to determine the most important stages of this evolution :

• a regional tradition during Middle Neolithic II (NMB), characterized by simple types (piercing arrow-heads with a triangular shape). As soon as the 32nd century BC, the triangular and symetrical types issued from Horgen tradition take over and they are occasionally used until Late Neolithic II ;

• the inflow of southern influences (Ferrières), as soon as 3200 BC emphasized by the appearance of diamond-shapes and tanged arrow types ;

• the development of a new local tradition (Clairvaux culture), following the assimilation of external cultural influences, as persists the import of arrow-heads, between 3050 and 2750 BC ;

• the diversification of arrow-heads shapes (14 types) and the inflow of standard types which shows the intensification of exchange networks, taking place as soon as the end of the IVth millennium. In this way, the Chalain culture expands between 2750 and 2400 BC ;

• the standardization of arrow-heads (barbed and tanged types) could show the development of Bell Beaker influences, from 2400 BC onwards ;

• the likely late use of Bell Beaker types up to the end of Ancient and Middle Bronze Age.
Le site de La Roquette à Tresques (Gard) et le Néolithique final du bassin bas rhodanien
Authors: Georjon Cathy , Forest Vianney , Raux André
Published: March 2010

Le gisement de La Roquette, à Tresques, est situé dans la vallée de la Tave, petit affluent du Rhône au nord du département du Gard. Trois occupations principales ont été identifiées : un dépôt du Néolithique ancien final ou du Chasséen ancien, un probable four attribuable au Chasséen classique et un habitat du Néolithique final. Cette dernière période est la mieux documentée : un sol induré, des fosses et des calages ont été mis en évidence. Le mobilier, abondant, pose des problèmes d'attribution chronoculturelle. Trois hypothèses sont examinées ici. La première s 'appuie sur des comparaisons avec les séries de transition Néolithique moyen-final. La deuxième permet de réexaminer les arguments retenus pour identifier le passage du groupe de Ferrières au groupe de Fontbouisse. Enfin, la dernière proposition prend en compte des rapprochements typologiques avec les faciès rhodaniens et provençaux de la fin du Néolithique.
Introduction
Authors: Joussaume Roger
Published: March 2010

À 33 m d'altitude sur une butte calcaire, au sud-ouest du village de Fontaine, le tumulus du Pey (ou Pé) embrasse un très large paysage jusqu'à La Rochelle et l'île de Ré à une trentaine de kilomètres au sud, de l'autre côté de l'entrée de la baie de l'Aiguillon et donc du Marais poitevin.

Ouverte au sud, la plaine de Longeville, que le tumulus domine de tous côtés, forme un territoire très spécifique qui explique probablement son intense occupation dès le Néolithique ancien (La Tranche-sur-Mer et Longeville-Plage).

Le tumulus du Pey de Fontaine fut construit en deux temps. Un premier dolmen à couloir (voire deux monuments parallèles) fut entouré d'un cairn quadrangulaire à double parement. Dans un deuxième temps, le monument fut allongé et abrita un autre dolmen, parallèle au(x) précédent(s). Détruit dès le début du XIXe s., il servit de carrière avant d'être éventré lors de l'installation du mur de l'Atlantique au cours de la dernière guerre.

Les fouilles récentes ont mis en évidence son architecture primitive et permis la découverte d'un matériel archéologique abondant, très dispersé par les mauvais traitements anciens, datable du Néolithique moyen et récent (Peu-Richardien maritime). Des réutilisations et fréquentations au Néolithique final (Artenac) et au Bronze final sont attestées, mais également à l'époque gallo-romaine et du Moyen Age à nos jours.
La Préhistoire ancienne en Gironde : apport des recherches récentes
Authors: Lenoir Michel
Published: March 2010

In the low Dordogne and Garonne valleys the oldest prehistoric occupation appears during the Mindel but the human presence becomes more obvious during the Riss, in numerous open air settlements close to local flint sources or mixed assemblages in the alluvial deposits. During the old Würm the Mousterian people almost exclusively settle in open air stations, less frequently in caves like Pair-non- Pair's lowest layers. In this geographical area the Chatelperronian remains discrete. Aurignacians and Gravettians settled in open air sites, on foot-clives or in small rockshelters with lithic assemblages and bones. The long controversy on a Solutrean occurrence on the footcliff of Grand-Moulin is nowadays closed. Badegoulian occupation is usually known in small open air sites, on top hills, more scarcely on footclives, by polymorphous lithic industries. Magdalenian sites are numerous, in rockshelters along some small tributaries of the Dordogne valley, sometimes on open air slopes close to limestome dives and in one case, actually dug, in the sandy plateau between the river Garonne and the atlantic coast. Two main sites, with representative sequences of lower and middle Magdalenian have been recently revised and the Upper Magdalenian known in small rockshelters, shows the invention of new projectile points.
L'exploitation et la transformation de l'ivoire de mammouth : une étude technologique d'objets gravettiens de la grotte du Pape (Brassempouy, Landes)
Authors: Thiault Marie-Hélène
Published: March 2010

Cet article présente les résultats d'une analyse technologique de plusieurs catégories d'artefacts en ivoire de mammouth provenant des niveaux gravettiens de la grotte du Pape (produits et rebuts d'exploitation, objets en cours de façonnage, objets finis). Il décrit les techniques et les modalités d'exploitation et de transformation de ce matériau. La production de deux catégories d'objets de fonction symbolique (objets de parure, statuettes féminines) est ainsi replacée dans le cadre d'une chaîne techno-économique d'acquisition, de stockage, d'exploitation et de transformation de défenses de mammouth.
Structure et identité des styles céramiques du Néolithique ancien entre Rhône et Èbre
Authors: Manen Claire
Published: March 2010

The advance of archaeological research ceaselessly demonstrates the important polymorphism that characterizes the first agro- pastoral communities in Southern France, and, on a larger scale, in the Western Mediterranean. Through the construction of a referential corpus of homogenous ceramic assemblages and the treatment of their stylistic characteristics by quantitative analysis, a new framework is suggested for the Early Neolithic between Rhône and Ebro river. This scheme includes three main chronological phases. In the first one, impressed wares appear along the Languedocian and Catalonian coastlines with various stylistic characteristics suggesting a multiplicity of origins. The second identified phase concerns the parallel evolution of two ceramic styles, Recent Cardial and Early Epicardial, the origins of which are being discussed. The third and last chronological phase shows a stylistic homogeneity in ceramic decoration in opposition to the previous phase. The geographical extension of Recent Epicardial shows, with farming and herding plans, an exploitation of territories more and more distant from the coastline. Finally we observe a consolidation of the economic system and the first steps of exchanges networks which will greatly increase during the fourth millenium before Christ.
Le tumulus C de Péré à Prissé-la-Charrière (Deux-Sèvres)
Authors: Laporte Luc , Joussaume Roger , Scarre Chris
Published: March 2010

This article presents the results of six years of excavation at Tumulus C in the megalithic cemetery of Prissé-la-Charrière (Deux- Sèvres). This is a trapezoidal mound 115 metres long, 30 metres wide and 4 metres high, that was constructed in several stages. The earliest stage that has so far been documented consists of a small funerary monument measuring 7.2 metres east-west and 8.8 metres wide. It was built largely of earth, and contained a cist open on one side and enclosed within a circular dry-stone mass. At a later stage, the entrance to the cist was blocked and the monument extended towards the east to form a long mound 23 metres in length. This mound was entirely surrounded by an encircling ditch. Later still, the 100-metre trapezoidal long mound was built, enclosing the earlier long mound within its western terminal. This extended mound contains at least one megalithic chamber of quadrangular plan, accessed by a passage opening from the northern façade approximately 1/3 of the distance from the western terminal. The chamber has yielded Middle Neolithic material. The significance of these discoveries are discussed in relation to existing understanding of the megalithic monuments in this region of France, with particular regard to the question of origins.
Comportements techniques et de subsistance à l'Aurignacien ancien : la couche 11 de l'abri Pataud (Dordogne)
Authors: Chiotti Laurent , Patou-Mathis Marylène , Vercoutère Carole
Published: March 2010

Cet article concerne les comportements techniques et de subsistance des hommes préhistoriques qui occupaient l'abri Pataud durant l'Aurignacien ancien. Nous avons croisé les résultats émanant des analyses des industries lithique et osseuse et des restes fauniques découverts dans le principal niveau archéologique aurignacien : la couche 11. Le paysage d'alors était ouvert de type steppique avec, près de la Vézère, des espaces boisés. Le climat était froid mais non rigoureux et sec mais non aride. Le dépôt de cette couche pourrait avoir eu lieu durant une oscillation tempérée du Pléniglaciaire supérieur (vers 32 000 BP). Les industries lithiques et osseuses ont montré que les matières premières travaillées dans l'abri sont essentiellement locales ; certaines matières, notamment lithiques, ont été apportées de plus loin. Les outillages sont plutôt à usage domestique. Seule l'industrie osseuse a livré quelques pièces liées à la chasse. L'alimentation carnée des Aurignaciens qui ont occupé l'abri durant cette période reposait sur le Cheval et le Renne. Ils ont chassé à plusieurs reprises, en période hivernale, des rennes de tous âges présents au sein de hordes composées de femelles et de jeunes et, en période estivale, de petits groupes de chevaux composés également de jeunes et de femelles. La répartition spatiale du matériel (lithique et osseux) indique que la partie fouillée située sous l'abri correspond à des aires d'activités domestiques. Ces analyses mettent en évidence une occupation récurrente du site. L'abri Pataud peut être assimilé à un campement saisonnier, de durée plus longue en périodes hivernales qu'estivales.
Les sépultures chasséennes du site de Narbons à Montesquieu-de-Lauragais (Haute-Garonne)
Authors: Tchérémissinoff Yaramila , Martin Hélène , Texier Myriam , Vaquer Jean
Published: March 2010

The site of Narbons (township of Montesquieu-de-Laurageais, Haute-Garonne), identified as a medieval area was excavated in August 1999 in the setting of preventive excavations carried out by the AFAN on the tracing of the A 66 freeway. Therefore, six pits are attributed to the Neolithic and four of them were containing burials. These burials set in holes of great depth, whose sections were principally oblong or sub-rectangular. It appears that these structures might be some well reused as graves because none of the skeleton was in contact with the funds. Hence, the primary destination of these stuctures could be reconsidered. The sediments on which they have been placed were extremely homogeneous except the filling of the single cylindrical pit which could be in relation with dumps at several layers. One raises three individual burials (an adult and two children) and two adults laid out simultaneously or in a very short time lapse and might be related because of an anomaly noted on the two subjects which could be of genetic origin (displasic thinning of the dome of the skull). All the individuals attested more or less inflections of the members, but the positions presented some variations. Osteologic and sedimentary data certify rather in favour of decomposition into a confined space. It's indoubtely the case for the two adults whose bones disposition implies a cover system. None item appears clearly as an offering, but some other pieces, dissociated, had been the object of particular settings. The majority of the fillings bang set up quickly, one cannot reject the possibility of a completely symbolic order relation between these elements and burials during the sealing of the structures. The radiocarbon datations added to the typology of artefacts in one case reveal that this group belongs to the Middle Neolithic. Three burials should be dated to the begening of Chassean, whereas one belongs at the end of this culture.

Translated by Yann Beliez
Conservation, traitement et consommation des produits végétaux dans la grotte chalcolithique de Foissac (Aveyron) : les données carpologiques
Authors: Bouby Laurent , Marinval Philippe
Published: March 2010

Zwei Abschnitte der chakolithischen Höhle von Foissac haben archäologische Überreste von Früchten und Körnern erbracht. Im ersten Höhlenabschnitt, dem sogenannten Versturz, waren verkohlte Pflanzenreste bereits während der Ausgrabung mit bloβem Auge sichtbar. Von zwei Stellen bestand der Verdacht, daβ die Sämereien aus zwei dort zerbrochenen Gefäβen stammten die dieser Hypothese zufolge vegetabile Vorräte enthalten haben muβten. Wie die Makrorestanalyse zeigt, waren in dem ersten Gefäβ beim Schälen von Emmer (Triticum dicoccum) angefallene Sekundärprodukte (vor allem Hülsen) deponiert. Die Wuchshöhe der mitgefundenen Unkräuter erlaubt die Vermutung daβ die Ernte durch hohen Schnitt ausgeführt wurde. Das zweite Vorratsgefäβ enthielt einen Emmervorrat der aufgrund des hohen Anteils von Nagerkot wahrscheinlich bereits alter als ein Jahr war. Unsere Untersuchung weist darüberhinaus die Existenz eines dritten vegetabilen Produktes nach, nämlich eines wahrscheinlich aus einem kleinen Gefäβ stammenden Vorrats an Leinsamen (Linum usitatissimum). Das Auftreten von Lein ist interessant weil die Kultur dieser Öl - und Faserpflanze bislang für Südostfrankreich vor der Bronzezeit nicht belegt war. In dem Höhlenabschnitt, der vom Fluβ durchzogen wird, konnten in den unter Wasser gelegenen Fundschichten unverkohlte Pflanzenreste unter Luftabschluβ erhalten bleiben. Da die Probenwahl und der Ablauf des Siebvorgangs aber schlecht auf die Makrorestanalyse abgestimmt waren, kam es leider zum Verlust vieler Informationen. Die Untersuchung dieses zweiten Abschnittes erbrachte dennoch wertvolle Erkenntnisse zu einer Auswahl gesammelter Wildfruchte.

Übersetzung: Stefan Wirth
Économie du bois de feu et sociétés néolithiques : analyses anthracologiques appliquées aux sites d'ambiance humide des lacs de Chalain et de Clairvaux (Jura, France)
Authors: Dufraisse Alexa
Published: March 2010

Cette étude repose sur l'analyse anthracologique de six sites d'habitat littoraux implantés sur les rives des lacs de Chalain et de Clairvaux. La séquence chronologique débute au Néolithique moyen II avec le Néolithique moyen bourguignon (NMB), vers 3700 av. J.-C., et s'achève au Néolithique final I avec le groupe de Clairvaux, vers 2800 av. J.-C. La problématique de cet article a été axée sur l'étude de l'exploitation du bois de feu destiné aux activités domestiques, en cherchant à démontrer l'existence ou non d'interactions entre, d'une part, les modalités d'exploitation et, d'autre part, l'organisation sociale, le contexte économique et l'environnement. Au cours de la première phase d'analyse, nous avons pu démontrer la qualité et la validité paléoécologique des charbons de bois prélevés en milieu lacustre, moyennant une méthode d'échantillonnage rigoureuse qui diffère parfois de celle appliquée en milieu terrestre sec. Il a été possible de caractériser les modalités d'exploitation du bois de feu, tant du point de vue des modes de collecte que de la gestion de l'espace forestier. Parce que le feu joue un rôle fondamental dans la vie quotidienne, ces communautés agropastorales ont mis en place une véritable économie du bois de feu conditionnée par un certain nombre de variables telles que la société et ses modes de vie, le contexte économique et l'état du milieu transformé, des résultats qui permettent de souligner la performance de l'anthracologie en milieu humide dans l'étude des relations homme/territoire.
Tortuosity in Movement Paths Is Related to Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Nams V. O. , Fozard J. L. , Kearns W. D.
Published: March 2010

Background: Using traditional assessment procedures, prior research demonstrated that deficiencies in gait and balance occur in the later stages of dementia.

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that an automated system capable of detecting path tortuosity (irregular movement) in elders would show that greater tortuosity was associated with greater cognitive impairment, potentially allowing early detection of dementia over time as tortuosity levels slowly increased.

Methods: An ultra-wideband sensor network using wireless transponders measured daytime locomotion to an accuracy of 20 cm in 14 elderly residents in an assisted living facility (ALF) as they traversed a shared living area while performing daily activities such as going to a dining area, conversing and watching television. Transponder location was updated at 0.4 sec intervals while in motion and revealed large individual differences in activity patterns.

Results: Fractal dimension (Fractal D), a measure of movement path tortuosity (directed vs. irregular or apparently aimless locomotion) was significantly and negatively correlated with cognitive status as measured by the Mini Mental State Examination administered to each participant at the study’s end.

Conclusions: Previous studies of locomotion in laboratory settings that have demonstrated gait variability increases with poor cognitive status have necessarily controlled various components of gait. The present results demonstrate that directional changes and other locomotion components can be studied by monitoring free movements in normal living settings over time. Implications for assessment and management of dementia-related wandering are discussed.
Pandemic Influenza situation update in Turkey
Authors: Bakir Mustafa
Published: March 2010

This item has no abstract. Use the links below to access the full text.
Stress and Perceived Faculty Support Among Foreign-Born Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Junious DeMonica L. , Malecha Ann , Tart Kathryn , Young Anne
Published: March 2010

Using the triangulation approach at the method level, this study explored and described the essence of stress and perceived faculty support as identified by foreign-born students (
N
= 10) enrolled in a generic baccalaureate degree nursing program. Philosophical principles outlined by Heidegger served as the core component guiding this study. Quantitative data from a larger study examining nursing students' stress and perceptions of faculty support served as the supplementary component. Results uncovered an overarching theme of the foreign-born nursing students wanting to be valued and accepted by the nursing faculty, their classmates, and the educational institution leading to patterns of stress, strain, and cultural ignorance. Language issues, stereotyping, discrimination, cultural incompetence, financial issues, and lack of accommodation as an international student were stressors that were not captured by the quantitative measures.
Engaging Nursing Students and Community Partners in the Development of Decision Cases
Authors: Head Barbara A. , Bays Cathy
Published: March 2010

Decision case method teaching uses open-ended cases to stimulate decision making and critical thinking skills in the classroom. The cases are taken from actual practice experience and are developed in great detail with the goal of engaging learners in the actual dilemma as encountered by the case protagonist. This method has proven effective in preparing students for actual practice in fields such as medicine, nursing, and social work, but one barrier to this pedagogical approach is the lack of available relevant cases. This article describes how senior nursing students partnered with community practitioners to develop cases and subsequently used the cases in teaching activities with their fellow students. Outcomes of the project supported such an approach as a valuable learning assignment and method for improving critical thinking abilities.
Student Adoption and Perception of Lecture Podcasts in Undergraduate Bachelor of Science in Nursing Courses
Authors: Kardong-Edgren Suzan , Emerson Roberta
Published: March 2010

The current study reports student use and perceptions of podcasted course lectures in an undergraduate Bachelor of Science in Nursing program. Prior to the current study, the majority of students were not familiar with the use of podcasts in education. Student use of the podcasts grew as they became familiar with the format. Students reported that podcasts helped them study and improved their grades. Faculty reported increased class absenteeism, although students reported no change in course attendance as a result of the availability of podcasts.
Unawareness as a Barrier to Treatment in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Forbes V. Jude
Published: March 2010

This article explores the phenomenon of unawareness in individuals with schizophrenia. Definitions, individual examples, prevalence data, suggested causation models, societal costs, and recommended treatment interventions are reviewed. In addition, strategies specific to advanced practice nurses who work with patients with severe and persistent mental illness are discussed.
Psychosocial Adjustments Following Weight Loss Surgery
Authors: Grimaldi Diane , Van Etten Deborah
Published: March 2010

Recent interest in weight loss surgery has increased dramatically, largely due to the rising prevalence of severe obesity and the use of less invasive laparoscopic surgical procedures. Physiological postoperative outcomes are easily measured and have been well documented in the literature. The impact of weight loss surgery on psychosocial, behavioral, and psychological function is less clearly understood. Few long-term studies of postoperative weight loss surgery patients in the literature measure emotional health and quality of life. This article discusses some of the psychosocial, behavioral, and psychiatric issues and challenges patients commonly encounter following weight loss surgery.
Walking for Therapy with Man's Best Friend
Authors: Cangelosi Pamela R. , Sorrell Jeanne M.
Published: March 2010

Recent research has shown that older people who walk dogs are more likely than those who walk with a human companion to engage in regular exercise and show more improvement in fitness. Studies with dogs and other animals have suggested new approaches for using animals to enhance both mental and physical health in older adults. With the current intense focus on health care reform, increased use of animals as therapy may serve as a cost-effective strategy for improving and maintaining health in older adults.
High-Pressure Gas Cylinder Plug Material Substitution Simulation
Authors: Guo Zhi Qing , Xie Fang , Qin Zhong Bao , Lv Qiu Juan
Published: March 2010

On the basis of the actual detection of cylinders, this paper presents the necessity of replacement of stainless steel by plug made of 45# steel. Though FEM the simulated research on the forces exerted on the plug of high pressure gas cylinder in the process of rotation is done. Hence the feasibility analysis of plug to be made of 45# steel is further carried out.
Regions Segmentation Algorithm of Triangle Meshes Based on Normal Vector
Authors: Chen Jie , Gao Cheng Hui , He Bing Wei
Published: March 2010

An approach of regions segmentation algorithm in triangle meshes based on threshold angle of the normal vectors is proposed. In this paper, a set of threshold angles is used to identify features and segment different surfaces, and then the non-feature regions based on least squares method are fitted and the corresponding fitting precision are obtained. Finally, the best threshold angle of each region is determined according to the comparison the above fitting precisions and each non-feature region points are obtained exactly. This method can improve the precision of feature extraction and region segmentation in some hybrid blend region. Examples are given to prove the effectiveness and the processing flexibility and stability of the proposed approach.
Customer-Oriented Product Customization Model and its Mathematic Evaluation
Authors: Xiao Gang , Zhang Li Bin , Gao Fei , Chen Zhen Bo
Published: March 2010

How to satisfy individual demands as possible as product can is important for facilitating mass customization, one key technique of which is to survey easy-understood product customization model for customers. First, through fully defining product customization model and comparing to conventional product model, the formalized description of product customization model is given. Second, Analytic Hierarchy Process-based mathematic evaluation model of customization elements is established. Third, modeling process of product customization model is proposed. Finally, the proposed strategy is demonstrated effective in an instance of conference timer customization model.
Some Important Applications of Support-Function in Theory of Mechanisms
Authors: Li Yan Ping , Chang Yong
Published: March 2010

Via putting forward the new concept of “direction angle” for the first time, particularly via discovering and bringing to light the vivid, audio-visual geometrical background of integral geometry′concepts “support line” and “support function” in disc cam mechanisms with a flat-bottomed translating follower, this paper successfully obtains package formulae for judging the outward convexity of cam profile's, for calculating the equations and perimeter of cam profile’ as well as the area of cam end surface’.
Digital Manufacturing of Topology Optimization Designed Structure Based on Lever Set Function
Authors: Chang Yuan Yuan , Liang Sen , Mi Peng , Li Xuan
Published: March 2010

Based on the lever set function and the augmented Lagrange multiplier method, the topology optimization design of structure was achieved and the final cloud data were saved in matrix. The trigonometric patch method was explored to approach the optimized level set surface and the boundary data extraction was realized by each ridge line parametric equation. Together with the standards of the digital manufacturing, the cloud data were sorted through programming and exported by complying with the data format of digital manufacturing. The Wire Electrical Discharge Machining was proposed here to achieve the manufacturing on G01 code, which was proved to be practical by NC Viewer. This process fulfilled the whole courses from topology optimization to digital manufacturing, which makes the foundation for the promotion and large-scale production of topology optimization in future.
Research of Variant Design Method for Product-Level
Authors: Wang Zong Yan , Wu Shu Fang , Pang Long Liang
Published: March 2010

To solve the problem such as large amounts of repeated designs and long design cycle in the traditional design process of crane, by analyzed the current variant design methods, a product-level variant design method was presented based on product configuration technology, parametric design technology and modular product design. The theory and the flow of variant design were explained in detail. A variant design platform for portal crane was developed. Based on making the best of enterprise resource, the product design efficiency was improved and the cost of the production reduced.
Optimization for Stamping Process Parameters of Front Fender Based on Numerical Simulation Technology
Authors: Liu Zhi Feng , Zhang Qi , Yang Wen Tong , Wang Jian Hua , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: March 2010

According to the characteristic which is more and difficult to determine about the automotive panel forming factors, based on the dynamic explicit method, taking the typical automobile front fender for example, do the simulation analysis by using of DYNAFORM. On the premise of taking springback factors into account, analog the best stamping process parameters has been optimized from the analysis results after simulation such as sheet metal forming limited drawing(FLD)and sheet metal thinning drawing.
Development of the Picking Manipulator Simulation Platform Based on Multi-Domain System
Authors: Chen Yin Le , Zou Xiang Jun , Zou Hai Xin , Sun Quan , Li Jing , Wang Hong Jun , Liu Tian Hu
Published: March 2010

In order to reduce the research and experimental cost of hand-picking machine, to make the design of manipulator more reasonable, and to provide more optimized program for the design, an agricultural picking manipulator simulation system based on intelligent design was designed. Firstly ,based on the research needs, to simplify the real picking manipulator under the premise of that the simulation accuracy reach the requirement, the model of picking manipulator had been simplified. Secondly, the finished model was put into EON Studio to build the virtual procedure, and movement properties were added to the manipulator to realize the function of motion simulation. Thirdly, the picking manipulator mathematics motion model of 4 freedoms was established, and the inverse kinematics of the picking manipulator was analyzed by MATLAB analysis tools, and the reverse solution program was written. Finally, Microsoft Visual C++ was used to complete the design of simulation platform, in order to realize the calling of various functions of the manipulator.
Numerical Study of a Panel with Big Grooves Subjected to In-Plane Tension
Authors: Huang Ning , Huang Ming Hui , Zhan Li Hua
Published: March 2010

The purpose of the present study is to propose a new technical method for improving the fatigue life of a panel with big grooves by setting rounded transition structure and stress relief slots in the vicinity of it. The main idea of the method is to reduce the stress concentration at the edges of rounded transition structure. To confirm the effectiveness of the method, analyses were performed by using software for two-dimensional elastic problems based on the body-force method. The calculation results show that the existence of stress relief slots effectively reduced the stress concentration at the edges of rounded transition structure. A close distance between the rounded transition structure and the stress relief groove resulted in a little influence of stress concentration at the edge of rounded transition structure. Also, a lower stress concentration was obtained by increasing the diameter and numbers of stress relief grooves. Results prove the effectiveness and certain engineering practicability of this method. The method is helpful for structure design.
Intelligent Algorithm of Machine Robust Design Orthogonal Optimization Based on Analysis of Variance Ratio
Authors: Li Yong Xian , Wang Bin , Peng Guang Ping
Published: March 2010

A new intelligent orthogonal optimization algorithm for robust design is proposed in order to improve accuracy and efficiency. The next searching direction and searching range of variables are determined by variance ratio after the robust optimization model is firstly calculated by design parameters on orthogonal array. New orthogonal array for further optimization is formed intelligently by analysis of variance ratio. The intelligent orthogonal optimization is performed until error value of each variable is equal to zero or is equivalent, which is the optimal robust solution. Correspondingly, the variable range corresponding to the minimum variance ratio in the orthogonal array in preceding step is the tolerance of the optimal robust solution, which means that there is no need for special tolerance design. This paper takes a cam profile as an example to perform robust design. The simulation results prove that the new intelligent algorithm for robust design has many advantages, such as less calculation time, higher speed, no exiting of prematurity of local circulation and slow convergence of global search.
Statics Analysis of a Novel 5-DOF Parallel Manipulator
Authors: Li Yan Biao , Ji Shi Ming , Wang Zhong Fei , Zhang Li , Wang Yang Yu
Published: March 2010

A novel orthogonal 5-DOF parallel manipulator was proposed, and the statics equations of the 5-DOF parallel manipulator were derived in closed forms based on its layout feature, then the statics transmission indices wer defined, and discussed in detail. It can provide theoretical base for the applications of the 5-DOF parallel machine tool. The novel 5-DOF parallel manipulator can be used as the precision platform in which the requirements for high stiffness, high accuracy and good technological efficiency.
A Study of Product Design at the Early Stage Based on SET Mode
Authors: Wu Jiang , Lu Zhong Cheng
Published: March 2010

The SET mode is a fire-new and advanced analysis theory for product design at the early stage, and it has been widely used in the industrial design in many developed countries. This function and value of SET mode is discussed in the early stage of product, and the SET mode is an effectively method, the present nanlysis provide the basis for its applications.
Kinematics Analysis and Control System Design of 6-DOF Parallel Kinematic Machine with Matlab and EMC2
Authors: Li Bin Cheng , Yang Dan , Lu Rong Zhi
Published: March 2010

This paper obtained the inverse kinematics model through performing kinematic analysis of 6-DOF parallel kinematic machine (PKM) via the MATLAB software. On the basis of that, kinematics inverse module in EMC2(Enhanced Machine Controller) is recompiled and verified through CNC machining simulation, which set up an important foundation for later prototype construction and motor output control.
Implementation of OMRON Servo Positioning Controllers in Automatic Terminal Crimping Machine
Authors: Su Shao Xing
Published: March 2010

This paper introduced the principle of automatic terminal crimping machine. The methods to improve the speed of terminal crimping machine and to control the precision of wires cutting and crimping were discussed. OMRON servo positioning controllers were adopted in this system. By debugging the positioning controllers, the efficiency, stability and convenience of the whole system will be optimized.
Error Compensation in Turning Operation of Slender Shaft Using a Fuzzy PID Controller
Authors: Guo Jian Liang , Chen Lian Qing
Published: March 2010

Turning operation of slender shaft poses a great challenge in machining field. It is due to the fact that the accuracy of machined workpiece depends almost completely on the operator’s skill by using conventional methods. To improve the accuracy of slender shaft with less operation skill, this paper presents an error compensation system, which includes a fuzzy PID controller. As a part of the controller, the traditional PID controller is used to control a follower rest for improving the dimensional accuracy. And the fuzzy controller incorporates skilled operators’ knowledge into an automatic machining system. At the end, turning experiments are carried out to verify the efficacy of the error compensation system. The experimental results indicate that the dimensional accuracy of slender shaft using the system is higher and more stable than that by using conventional methods.