bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing antioxidant capacity at the interfaces of oil-in-water emulsions
stabilized by phenolic conjugated protein: protein structure and surface activity
effect
Authors:   North Dakota State
            University, Li Hui , Chen Bingcan ,   North Dakota State
            University
Published: November 2022

Preventing lipid oxidation, especially at the oil-water interface, of emulsions is
still a challenge issue for suppressing food deterioration. A promising alternative is
to introduce polyphenols together with amphiphilic proteins to form protein-polyphenol
conjugates. Protein-polyphenols conjugates prepared via chemical bonding possess
advantages of enhanced product stability, better controlling/turnability, more stable
emulsion. Recently, we have successfully conjugated a natural antioxidant, gentisic acid
(GA), into a great protein emulsifier, Î²-lactoglobulin (Î²LG) and discovered the
significantly enhanced antioxidant activity in an in vitro assay. Moreover, we also
proved the possibility of controlling GA grafting number for optimizing antioxidant
activity of conjugates. In this follow-up study, we show a strategy to prepare future
food ingredients with dual functions of emulsification and antioxidant activity for food
emulsions formation. In particular, we systematically investigated the feed ratio of GA
and Î²LG on the structural changes of the protein, as well as the long-term physical
stability and oxidative stability of hemp oil-in-water emulsions. Upon optimizing the
conjugate production at a larger scale and a thorough characterization of the surface
charge, surface hydrophobicity, and surface tension of the resultant conjugates, we
found that the feed ratio is extremely important because it determines the solubility,
structure and surface activities of conjugated protein and GA grafting number, further
produce a great effect on the physicochemical stabilities of their stabilized emulsions.
In addition, the emulsions stabilized by the soluble portions of the conjugates could
maintain the good physical stability while greatly enhancing the oxidative stability. We
also proposed a possible explanation of the correlation between physicochemical
stability of emulsions and GA grafting number. This work represents the structural basis
of the functional improvement of the emulsions using protein-phenolic conjugates, which
provides unique insights into the future design of multifunctional food
biopolymers.
The results of the EU H2020 OLEUM project for the authenticity of olive
oils
Authors:   GOED Omega-3, Gallina Toschi Tullia
Published: November 2022

In 2014, a Horizon 2020 call was specifically dedicated to olive oil. The winning
OLEUM project grasped all the keywords and topics contained in the call, working
extensively on a multifaceted strategy on innovative methods, but also improving and
making more sustainable the many effective methods already in use. The project searched
new markers and methods, or modified approaches already legally recognized by reducing
time, solvents, and consumables. Finally, OLEUM implemented several analytical methods
to better guarantee olive oil quality and authenticity against the occurrence of common
and emerging fraudulent cases. In particular: a) two revised rapid and sustainable
in-house validated methods for the FAEEs determination (low quality virgin olive oils,
soft deodorized); b) methods to support the confirmation of the compliance with the
labelled geographical origin of VOOs; c) methods to detect illegal blends of olive oils
with other vegetable oils; d) instrumental methods and sensory reference materials
(SRMs) resembling two defects (rancid, winey-vinegary) to connect sensory analysis with
specific volatile markers quantification (Quantitative Panel Test); e) methods for
assessing the freshness/shelf-life of olive oils, including a software to estimate the
extra VOOs â€œbest before dateâ€. This to drive the future of olive oil quality and
authenticity controls, by distilling elements of complexity with an incremental
approach, to make a new synthesis and communicating to the stakeholders and consumers
without sensationalism, thus avoiding to introduce elements of uncertainty and
approximation. This last was the difficult challenge that OLEUM has won.This work is
developed in the context of the project OLEUM â€œAdvanced solutions for assuring
authenticity and quality of olive oil at global scaleâ€, funded by the European
Commission within the Horizon 2020 Programme (2014â€“2020, GA no. 635690). The
information expressed in this abstract reflects the authors€™ views; the EC is not
liable for the information contained therein.
Scale up biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate at palm oil refining
plant
Authors:   Prince of Songkla
            University, Punvichai Teerasak
Published: November 2022

A study on scale up biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate at palm
oil refining plant, namely palm oil derived using palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD),
collected from the Oleen Palm Oil industrial refining plant. This PFAD showed free fatty
acid content and a saponification value of 88.4 % and 204 mg KOH/g respectively. An acid
catalyst was successfully used to produce biodiesel in the esterification reaction, and
a 97.11% conversion to biodiesel based on the European Standard EN 14214:2003 was
achieved under the conditions (PFAD to methanol molar ratio 1:3.71 with 1.834 % H2SO4
catalyzed at 121 ÂºC for 15 minute). Overall, this novel process achieved highly
enhanced FAME (95.82% to 97.31%) with a significantly increased reaction time (10 to 30
minutes) and catalyst requirements (1.834 % H2SO4). In conclusion, the acid catalyst
with high temperature and pressure showed potential to enhance the esterification
reaction rate of PFAD with low biodiesel production costs, high FAME yields and short
reaction times.
Formation of reactive aldehydes (MDA, HHE, HNE) during in vitro digestion of cod
muscle: role of hemoglobin from trout and bovine sources
Authors:   Chalmers University of
            Technology, Wu Haizhou , Tullberg Cecilia ,   Lund
            University, Undeland Ingrid ,   Chalmers University of
            Technology
Published: November 2022

Heme-mediated oxidation in red meat is described as one of the potential routes to
meat-induced colorectal cancer, which is linked to the ability of this reaction to
continue also during gastrointestinal (GI) digestion while generating reactive aldehydes
such as e.g. malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and
4-hydroxy-trans-2-hexenal (HHE). Very little is however known about the specific forms
of heme being present at different stages of the GI-tract, and how mammal heme-proteins
compare to those of for example fish with respect to their lipid pro-oxidative activity
under GI-conditions. In the present study, the degradation of trout and bovine Hb and
their pro-oxidant activities towards washed cod muscle mince were studied using in vitro
GI digestion models. When the two HbÂ´s were subjected only to the pH-cycle of the
GI-digestion model (pH 7â†’6â†’3â†’7) at 37Â°C, metHb formation increased following the
initial gastric acidification to pH 6, especially for trout Hb. Subsequent acidification
to pH 3 promoted Hb unfolding and partial or complete loss of the heme group. When
digesting the HbÂ´s in the full digestion model, i.e. with enzymes and bile present,
high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC) and sodium dodecyl
sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of digests showed more extensive
Hb-degradation in the gastric phase compared to in the duodenal phase. When washed cod
muscle was digested without/with Hb, a strong pro-oxidative effect was seen from the
HbÂ´s, resulting in high MDA, HHE, HNE formation which peaked at the end of the gastric
phase. Slightly higher oxidation was seen with trout Hb, especially with respect to HHE.
Results thus indicate that partially degraded Hb, and/or free hemin -both from mammal
and fish sources- were highly pro-oxidative towards PUFA-rich lipids under
GI-conditions, especially in the gastric phase.
Raman spectroscopy as a tool for understanding oil or fat quality in food
products
Authors:   Endress+Hauser, Esmonde-White Karen , Lewis I ,   Endress+Hauser, Lewis Mary ,   Endress+Hauser, Woolf Tory ,   Endress+Hauser
Published: November 2022

Many natural and produced foods contain oils or fats, and their presence affects
the product shelf life and sensory attributes. Analysis of oils or fats in these foods
can be carried out using wet chemistry, chromatographic, or spectroscopic techniques.
Molecular spectroscopic techniques of near-infrared, infrared, or Raman have the benefit
of providing a non-destructive chemical and molecular structure analysis with the
ability to measure oil or fat quality directly in a process or in the laboratory. Raman
spectroscopy is a molecular spectroscopy technique that is highly specific, can measure
in aqueous systems, and provides a multi-attribute measurement in a single probe. We
provide an overview of the information provided by a Raman spectrum, including the
presence of cis or trans isomers, fatty acid saturation, and polymorphic stability. An
application example of Raman spectroscopy in dark and milk chocolate will be presented
to showcase Raman's capability to measure qualitative and quantitative quality aspects
of fats in a complex and highly fluorescent matrix. Our initial feasibility studies
showed initial markers of cocoa butter quality that support additional studies with more
samples.
Lipid oxidation in emulsions and bulk oils: A review of the importance of
micelles
Authors:   CIRAD, Villeneuve Pierre , Bourlieu-Lacanal Claire ,   INRAE/Univ
            Montpellier/Institut Agro, McClements David ,   Shell Global Solutions
            International B.V, Decker Eric ,   University of Massachusetts
            Amherst, Durand Erwann ,   CIRAD / UMR
            QUALISUD
Published: November 2022

Lipid oxidation is a major cause of quality deterioration in food or cosmetic
products.Â  In these matrices, lipids are often present in a bulk or in emulsified
forms. In both systems, the rate, extent and pathway of oxidation are highly dependent
on the presence of colloidal structures and interfaces because these are the locations
where oxidation normally occurs. In bulk oils, reverse micelles (association colloids)
are present and are believed to play a crucial role on lipid oxidation.Â  Conversely, in
emulsions, surfactant micelles are present that also play a major role in lipid
oxidation pathways. This review discusses the current understanding of the influence of
micellar structures on lipid oxidation. In particular, is discussed the major impact of
the presence of micelles in emulsions, or reverse micelles (association colloids) in
bulk oil on the oxidative stability of both systems. Indeed, both micelles in emulsions
and associate colloids in bulk oil are discussed as nanoscale structures that can serve
as reservoirs of antioxidants and pro-oxidants and are involved in their transport
within the concerned system. Their role as nanoreactors where lipid oxidation reactions
occur is also commented. Significance of your research to the AOCS membership? The
results underline the importance of a better understanding of the role of micelles in
the control of lipid oxidation in food or cosmetic products.
Electro-oxidation of glycerol and diglycerol in the presence of Pt or Pd-based
electrocatalyst follows by the reductive amination of the products obtained
Authors:   IC2MP, Universite De Poitiers,
            CNRS, De Oliveira Vigier Karine , Coutanceau Christophe ,   IC2MP, Universite De
            Poitiers, CNRS, Baranton Steve ,   IC2MP, Universite De
            Poitiers, CNRS
Published: November 2022

The selective electro-oxidation of bio-based organic molecules such as glycerol,
polyglycerols, saccharides and furanic compounds has received particular attention in
recent years, due to the high value-added compounds that result and their numerous
industrial applications.Â  Electrochemical methods are therefore well suited for the
controlled oxidation of small organic molecules in aqueous media. Glycerol valorization
through partial oxidation is a good way of obtaining many different molecules with high
added value such as glyceric acid, tartronic acid, dihydroxyacetone, glyceraldehyde
etc., that can find various applications in different domains such as organic chemistry,
medical, and cosmetic industries. Here we have studied the electro-oxidation of glycerol
in the presence of Pt or Pd-based catalysts. The development of mono- and bimetallic
catalysts based on platinum on the one hand and palladium on the other hand for the
electro-oxidation of glycerol is a very important goal to direct the reaction pathways
to desired products. Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Bimetallic catalysts synthesized by the
water-in-oil microemulsion method were characterized by physicochemical (TEM, XRD, ATG,
SAA and ICP-OES) and electrochemical (active surface and surface composition study)
methods in order to obtain a correlation between surface structure and electrochemical
response. The reactivity of glycerol and diglycerol in alkaline medium was evaluated to
determine the catalyst offering the best conversion. A selectivity study of these
catalysts was performed by in situ infrared spectroscopy to determine the reaction
intermediates. The distribution of reaction products was determined by HPLC analysis and
1H and 13C NMR analyses.
Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Reductive amination reactions
with ammonia on the one hand and n-butylamine on the other hand on products identified
as being of interest (glyceraldehyde/dihydroxyacetone) were carried out in the presence
of hydrogen and catalyzed by palladium-based nanoparticles dispersed on carbon.
Antioxidant activity of EGC (epigallocatechin) ester derivatives in food and
biological model system
Authors:   Memorial
            University, Peng Han , Shahidi Fereidoon ,   Memorial Univ of
            Newfoundland
Published: November 2022

Objective: Antioxidants retard oxidative processes in food and pharmaceuticals as
well as in the body. However, potential adverse effects of synthetic antioxidants and
insufficient efficacy of current natural/natural-derived antioxidant substitutes
necessitate developing novel antioxidants. Thus, EGC, as one of the most widely
distributed dietary flavanols, serves as an efficient natural antioxidant with numerous
health effects, but it is relatively poorly soluble in lipophilic media. In this study,
novel lipophilic EGC derivatives prepared via enzymatic esterification will be evaluated
in controlling oxidation in food and biological systems.
Methods: EGC esters were
prepared under optimized reaction conditions, including enzyme type, substrate ratio
(Acyl acceptor/acyl donor), and reaction time. The purified products were then tested
for their antioxidant ability using Î²-carotene bleaching, LDL (low-density lipoprotein)
oxidation, and DNA scission assays.

Results: In the Î²-carotene bleaching
assay, the oxidation inhibition of EGC and its esters was observed for about 80 min at
50â„ƒ by maintain the yellow colour and then decreased gradually with time. Meanwhile,
EGC monoesters (except EGC acetate and stearate) showed a significantly higher
inhibition rate than EGC. In the LDL oxidation assay, a similar downtrend of antioxidant
ability was observed. However, EGC exhibited higher antioxidant capacity compared to EGC
monoesters. In the DNA scission test, the EGC acylated with short-chain fatty acids
(C2-C6) showed the higher DNA stability than EGC or other EGC
monoesters.

Conclusion: Overall, EGC monoesters displayed significant
antioxidant activity in all three assays. The results in biological/food systems were in
agreement with our previous chemical antioxidant tests. Moreover, the antioxidant
ability of EGC as a natural antioxidant was retained or even enhanced after
modification. Thus, acylated EGCs could serve as viable alternatives to traditional
synthetic antioxidants.
Heat sealable soluble soybean polysaccharide based composite films containing
gelatin and curcumin for oil packaging
Authors:   Zhengzhou
            University, Liu Jie , Tang Keyong ,   Zhengzhou
            University, Zheng Xuejing ,   Zhengzhou
            University, Dong Yitong ,   Zhengzhou
            University
Published: November 2022

Polysaccharides have the potential to be used as green packaging materials because
of their biodegradability, biocompatibility and renewability. In this work, soluble
soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) based films containing gelatin and curcumin were
fabricated for oil packaging. These composite films were heat seable and can easily be
made into pouches. These pouches were used as food packaging material in edible oil
packaging. The structure, physical and mechanical properties of the SSPS-based composite
films were investigated. When compared to neat SSPS and SSPS/gelatin films, the
composite films containing curcumin showed excellent antioxidant activity and certain
antibacterial performance. The high oxygen barrier properties of the composite films
resulted in reduced oxidative rancidity of soybean oil packaged in the pouches made from
the SSPS-based films. Our results indicated that blending of SSPS, gelatin and curcumin
effectively improved heat sealability and activity for edible oils.
Carinata: An emerging biofuel feedstock platform
Authors:   Nuseed, Bennett Rick
Published: November 2022

Initiatives to combat global climate change are rapidly increasing. In the United
States, this includes the expansion of investment on infrastructure supporting the
production renewable fuels such as renewable diesel produced through Hydrotreated
Vegetable Oil (HVO) technology or Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) technologies. Second
generation biofuels are preferred because they are produced from dedicated sustainable
non-food crops or waste residuals. As a high yielding, high oil content, dedicated
non-food crop oilseed, Carinata (Brassica carinata) is well poised to scale alongside
the growing need for second generation biofuel feedstocks. Grown in rotations as a high
value cover crop, it does not displace land for food production, while at the same time
the large taproot and high biomass properties help sequester carbon in the soil. It is a
non-GMO crop which allows for flexibility in markets such as the EU which are important
in the biofuel industry. Hybrid technology being deployed in the crop is demonstrating
significant yield gains which makes growing the crop an increasingly attractive economic
option to complement main cash crops for growers. Significant progress is being made
towards establishment of Carinata in the Southeast U.S. such as through the USDA-NIFA
funded consortium The Southeast Partnership for Advanced Renewables from Carinata
(SPARC).
Static optics FTIR spectroscopy for the measuring and control of
fermentation
Authors:   Keit Spectrometers, Speed Jonathon
Published: November 2022

Fermentation is one of the most promising development areas in modern
manufacturing and processing sectors. Offline analysis of the fermentation vessel to
monitor levels of feedstock molecules, nitrogen and nutrient levels and contaminant
signalling molecules (such as organic acids) is a powerful technique, but is slow and
prone to errors through sample preparation. Online analysis using pH and temperature
probes is possible, but more advanced analysis online can be very difficult to do high
solids loading and the filamentous nature of the biomass.Here we present the development
of a novel static optics FTIR instrument specifically designed for online monitoring of
industrial scale processes. The extremely stable optical design allows for long term
online monitoring of both batch and continuous fermentation processes. We present the
design of the static optics and explain how this allows the removal of fragile and
unreliable mid infrared fiber optics from the instrument, and replacement with a solid
light pipe.We then proceed to present the results from various online fermentation
installations, both in terms of batch and continuous processes. We will discuss how the
data generated (such as concentration profiles over time for various different sugars,
organic acids and alcohols) can be used for closed loop control to optimise the process
and maximise biomass growth rate.We will lastly compare static optics FTIR with other
technologies such as Raman and near-infrared spectroscopy. We discuss the different
challenges present for seemingly similar technologies, and explain how FTIR coupled with
attenuated total reflectance probes are naturally well-suited for fermentation and
biomass growth processes.
Mindful snacking: Formulating antioxidant solutions to increase extruded puffed
snack stability
Authors:   Kalsec, Young Jennifer
Published: November 2022

Extruded snacks have long been a snacking favorite. As snacking continues to be a
growing eating occasion for many consumers, and healthier oils are utilized, ensuring
oxidative stability has become more important than ever. Consumers also want clean
labels, making the need to find a balance of ingredients and performance critical.
Natural antioxidants are known to provide oxidative protection, making them a compelling
ingredient for evaluation in extruded snacks. In this study, a variety of antioxidants
(i.e. rosemary extract, green tea extract, ascorbic acid), alone and in combination were
added either prior to extrusion or post extrusion or both. Antioxidants were
incorporated prior to extrusion either in the kettle water or in the dry extrudate
blend. Post extrusion, antioxidants were incorporated in the oil slurry added to the
extruded snack exterior. The study design allowed for determination of which antioxidant
and which stage of production will yield the most oxidative protection. Oxipresâ„¢ was
used to measure oxidative stability immediately after production and GC-FID was used to
evaluate headspace aldehydes (e.g. hexanal) of the extruded snacks over the storage
period. Periodic descriptive sensory evaluation was also conducted using a panel trained
to evaluate oxidized aromas and flavors. Results of this study indicate substantial
oxidative protection is achieved with the incorporation of natural antioxidants in the
topical oil spray. A combination of rosemary and ascorbic acid is especially effective,
resulting in a near 50% increase in Oxipresâ„¢ induction time compared to an untreated
oil slurry. Additional oxidative protection can be achieved when antioxidants are added
to both the extrudate and in the topical oil spray. These study findings will provide
guidance to extruded snack manufacturers on how to best utilize their processing
capabilities for incorporation of the most effective natural antioxidants.
Avocado oil chemical composition varies with harvest time, growing region, and
fruit quality, demonstrating important considerations for standard development
Authors:   University of California,
            Davis, Green Hilary , Wang Selina ,   University of California,
            Davis
Published: November 2022

Avocado oil currently does not have standards in place to regulate its purity or
quality. To set appropriate standards, factors that impact the chemical composition of
avocado oil need to be better understood. To help address this, fruits from different
regions were harvested throughout the year and processed using lab-scale equipment into
oil. The oilsâ€™ purity (fatty acid profile, sterols, and triacylglycerols) and quality
(free fatty acidity, peroxide value, and specific extinction in UV) were determined in
addition to minor components such as tocopherols. It was discovered that growing region
and harvest time had a greater impact on fatty acid and sterols profiles than using
whole fruit verses only flesh to process the oil. The same standards are set for all
avocado oils regardless of the country of origin, this finding indicates it will be
important to ensure standards can accommodate oils from different regions. In addition,
using poor quality fruit to make oil caused a significant increase in the free fatty
acidity compared to using good quality fruit at the time of processing. This work
determined a baseline for avocado oil quality parameters by extracting oil from ripe,
good quality fruit, which can in turn can inform reasonable limits for avocado oil
quality standards.
Advanced Process Control in Edible Oils Refining
Authors:   Keit Spectrometers, Sallis Richard
Published: November 2022

From its initial development in the oil and gas industry, Advanced Process Control
(APC) has become widely adopted in many segments of the process industries and has
demonstrated benefits in terms of yield, throughput and energy saving many times over.
Edible oil refining is an ideal candidate for such deployment.Here we give a brief
overview of the concepts of APC, introduce the underlying principles as well as some
potential implementation strategies in edible oils and expected benefits.
Exodus or Exile: Hermeneutic Shifts in a Shifting Fijian Methodist Church
Authors: Matsen Neal Jerusha
Published: November 2022

Over the past 30 years, the effects of globalization, climate change and multiple military coups have reshaped the Fijian landscape. The “lines in the sand” around issues of land ownership, rising tides and Fijian identity have complicated the relationship between the Fijian Methodist Church and the land which grounds its culture. The historical fissures between the majority Methodist indigenous church and Fiji’s large Hindu population continue to place the rights of first peoples in tension with rights of ethnic and religious minorities, even as the country’s secular government stresses the possibility of harmony. In recent years, the church’s primary responses to these demographic, political and environmental changes have been homiletic and hermeneutic. In spite of declining membership and reduced political influence, the church’s present experience has been re-read as a “New Exodus” journey toward a promised land. This theme of “New Exodus” has become a dominant trope in sermons, church education events and Fijian Methodist self-understanding. A more complicated hermeneutic, however, mines the biblical theme of exile to describe the current situation. In iTaukei (indigenous Fijian) understanding, the ‘vanua,’ or land, connotes the traditional culture of those who live on that land. As change impacts the culture of indigenous village life, the land itself is understood to change. Though 80% of Fijian land is tribally held, many Fijian Methodists experience the land on which they have lived for generations as suddenly unfamiliar. My paper will explore these disparate biblical readings of the Fijian Methodist experience through a homiletic analysis of four Fijian sermons, pointing to the importance of pulpit rhetoric in creating new conceptions of place and direction in a world where familiar markers are washing away.
Topical Preaching and Otherness: A Conversational Topical Preaching Proposal
Authors: Nash Bryan
Published: November 2022

This article suggests that topical preaching can be revisited with integrity in postmodernity. The topical sermon in postmodernity should seek to place texts in conversation with one another in such a way that each text is valued and respected. Instead of allowing only one text to be heard at the exclusion of all others, appropriate topical preaching should model the embrace of otherness and conversation.
Exile and Return: Trauma and the Unfinished Theological Task of Christian Preaching of the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Jacobsen David Schnasa
Published: November 2022

David Stark argues the problem of Christians preaching the Hebrew Bible remains stuck in a binary between historical-critical approaches and christological allegorization. I view the problem as also a homiletical-theological one: Christians narrating the two-part canon unidirectionally, e.g., promise/fulfillment. In light of a rethinking of the reception of Jeremiah 31:31-34 in practice, I propose an alternative metaphor, “exile and return,” influenced by Cathy Caruth’s work on trauma, narrative, and history. I then concretize the complexity of trauma and history in the two-part canon itself through David Carr’s Holy Resilience. As for the other part of Stark’s binary, I propose revising our homiletical Christologies to emphasize Jesus’ Jewishness in differentiated relation to us, following J. Kameron Carter’s Race: A Theological Account. My revisions loosen Stark’s binary by relating Christology across differences of identity today within a trauma-informed hermeneutic. I conclude by proposing a homiletical model that (1) embraces a trauma-informed “not yet” in Christian proclamation of the Hebrew Bible, (2) re-focuses preaching “in Christ” as an identity-related homiletical point-of-view, and (3) acknowledges how struggles with trauma and point of view can foreground relations with inter-religious others today.
Women in STEM Interview Analysis: Encouraging Young Female Learners in STEM Pathways
Authors: Arcand Kimberly K. , Price Sara R. , Smith Lisa F. , Hsu Brian
Published: November 2022

This study used a qualitative approach to examine potential obstacles to and challenges in working in a STEM field for females from underrepresented groups. Unstructured interviews with 11 adult females representing diverse groups and various STEM careers yielded important historical perspectives, along with recommendations for building STEM careers for young females today. The findings indicated the critical role of having a strong mentor, role model, or support system in place along the STEM pathway; the need to work with and engage females in STEM activities and subjects when they are as young as possible, preferably while in primary/elementary school; and the importance of developing a sense of STEM self-efficacy in young females. Recommendations are given to inform studies in science communication and informal education.
Factors Affecting Consumers’ Intention in Vietnam-China Cross-border E-commerce: An Empirical Study in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Le Thuy Nga , Chen Jun , Nguyen Thi Viet Trung
Published: November 2022

In the era of innovative technologies, the physical border is no longer a concern in exchanging goods thanks to the widespread use of internet connections. On this basis, the study explores the determinants that impact cross-border online consumers’ purchase intentions in Hanoi, Vietnam. As fundamental ideas, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) are integrated with the influence of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). The examined factors consist of Consumer Attitude, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Risk, Trust, and RCEP. The research was conducted on a survey questionnaire of 253 online shoppers in Hanoi who have experienced cross-border purchasing. The data was processed using several statistical methods, namely descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The analysis reveals that Consumer Attitude, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and Trust have a positive influence on the consumer’s intention to cross-border e-commerce (CBEC), while perceived risk and RCEP do not exert any force on the intention. Among these variables, Risk perception and trust have been demonstrated to have the most significant impact on online purchase intention. The outcomes of the study indicate that online retailers or intermediaries adopt a third-party payment processor and publish policies to protect consumers’ private information. It is also suggested that the government should educate the public on the benefits of RCEP, implement the relevant policies, and provide guidance for the sellers to follow to utilize the advantages of RCEP.
R3TO: Algorithm for the Routing of Electrical Networks with Pole Allocation and Obstacle Transposition
Authors: Fernandes Danrley Rafael , Pereira Géssica Michelle Dos Santos , Toigo Maricler , Raittz Roberto Tadeu
Published: November 2022

The increase in energy consumption and the need to maintain continuity in supply, make it essential to plan for the expansion of electricity networks. Although there is extensive literature regarding the automatic generation of distribution network routing, the costs for pole allocation still deserve attention. This study presents the R3TO proposal, which combines Evolutionary Algorithms, with the deterministic Dijkstra algorithm, to solve network routing problems considering the adequacy of pole allocation. R3TO is able to determine the posting in a network, with minimization in the number of posts and transposition of obstacles, such as rivers or roads. In order to evaluate the method, tests were performed in a theoretical area and in a mapping of a pilot test region in a real area. The results obtained with the R3TO showed a cost reduction when compared to the traditional deterministic algorithm, and was successful in allocating poles across restricted areas, shortening the total path. Thus, it was proven that R3TO generates a minimized path, and with suggested positions for pole placement presenting good perspectives to improve current approaches to the problem.
Antología de documentos para la historia de la arqueología de Teotihuacan
Authors: Medina-González José Humberto
Published: November 2022

Esta reseña rescata la obra documental más importante del arqueólogo Roberto Gallegos Ruiz quien se encargó de recopilar una serie de textos que tratan de la zona arqueológica de Teotihuacan que van desde el siglo XVI hasta el siglo XX.
Hiperplasia biliar pseudocarcinomatosa y colangiocarcinoma en dos iguanas verdes (Iguana iguana)
Authors: Saravia Castro Melissa , Silva Castillo René Oswaldo , Yañez Muñoz Itzel Esperanza , Rodríguez Hernández Ángela , Ramos Garduño Liliana Aurora , Matute Alonso Reyes
Published: November 2022

Descripción de los casos. Se exponen dos casos de iguana verde (Iguana iguana) con lesiones hepatobiliares que se caracterizan por la proliferación de los conductos biliares que remplazan el parénquima hepático. El primero corresponde a una hiperplasia biliar pseudocarcinomatosa, un proceso proliferativo no neoplásico y el segundo a una neoplasia biliar maligna (colangiocarcinoma).Hallazgos clínicos. Ambas iguanas presentaron hepatomegalia. En el primer caso el paciente llegó a la consulta por presentar aumento de volumen en la cavidad celómica, disminución en el consumo de alimento y letargia con evolución de una semana. Se realizó una radiografía y un ultrasonido en los cuales se evidenció hepatomegalia con líquido libre en el celoma. En el segundo caso, el ejemplar presentó anorexia, coprostasis con evolución de tres semanas y distensión celómica en los últimos tres días, sin embargo, murió antes de poder realizar estudios de laboratorio o imagenología.Tratamiento y evolución. En el primer caso, no se administró ningún tratamiento y debido a la mala condición corporal, se decidió realizar la eutanasia. En el segundo, no se obtuvieron resultados positivos con el tratamiento administrado, el ejemplar murió y a ambos animales se les realizó el estudio post mortem.Pruebas de laboratorio. En el primer caso se realizó un hemograma, perfil bioquímico y análisis del líquido celómico. En ambos casos se realizó el estudio histopatológico de diversos órganos, incluyendo el hígado.Relevancia clínica. Los procesos proliferativos hepatobiliares están pobremente documentados en reptiles y en la mayoría de los casos son diagnosticados post mortem. Es de gran importancia la investigación y los reportes de estas lesiones para tener mayor conocimiento acerca de su patogenia, evolución, diagnóstico oportuno y posibles tratamientos en futuros ejemplares.
Stabilizing effects of biodiversity on grassland productivity under climate anomalies depend on the communities' resource use strategy
Authors: Hoss Daniela , Richter Aline , Vélez-Martin Eduardo , Menezes Luciana , Overbeck Gerhard , Debastiani Vanderlei , Pillar Valério D.
Published: November 2022

The effects of climate changes on the stability of plant communities is
a major concern, especially for the maintenance of ecosystem processes
and services. Biodiversity may buffer communities from the effects of
these disturbances, providing resistance and resilience. Here we assess
the interplay between biodiversity facets on resistance and resilience
of biomass productivity under anomalous dry and wet conditions in
subtropical grasslands. Overall, high levels of taxonomic and functional
biodiversity components, coupled to the community type derived from
functional traits, positively affected the resistance under anomalous
dry and wet conditions, whereas resilience was positively affected in
the recovery from wet periods. We conclude that increased diversity of
the plant communities can ensure ecosystem stability throughout the
climatic anomalies, but this is contingent on the biodiversity component
evaluated, the direction and intensity of the climatic anomaly, and the
functional structure of the communities.
H2S Absorption with Deep Eutectic Solvents: Low Partial Pressure Capture and Thermodynamic Analysis
Authors: Wang Bo , Xie Xuhao , Wan Lurui , Chen Yuan , Zhao Wenbo
Published: November 2022

In the present work, a series of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on
organic amine as hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs), and ethylene glycol
(EG) as hydrogen bond donor (HBD) were prepared for the H2S absorption.
Thermal decomposition temperature, HBA mass ratios, alkalinity and
structure effect on absorption behavior were systematically
investigated. The reaction mechanism was demonstrated by FT-IR and 1H
NMR spectroscopy. The reaction equilibrium constants, Henry constant,
enthalpy and entropy change were calculated based on the thermodynamic
model to reveal the interactions between DESs and H2S. It is found that
H2S absorption capacities of the most of DESs with HBA/HBD mass ratio of
1:4 were close to 1mol /mol at 303.15K and 0.2 bar. The absorption
capacity of DESs depends on the alkalinity and structure of HBAs;
Additionally, a good linear correlation between the alkalinity of HBA
and the absorption equilibrium constant (lnK) of DESs to H2S was found
Development of ravine vulnerability index for identifying potential zones of reclamation in ravine lands of Western India
Authors: Singh Gaurav , Dinesh Dhakshanamoorthy , Moharana Pravash , Singh R. S. , kakade vijay , Jinger Dinesh , Singh A. K. , kumar Raj , Bhatnagar P R , Kumar Gopal , MADHU M. , Tailor B. L.
Published: November 2022

The ravine is considered as the worst manifestation of land degradation
by water erosion throughout the globe. About 120.7 M ha land in India,
suffers from various forms of land degradation, out of which 3.67 M ha
of land is affected by ravine. The extending ravine into the nearby 50 m
of buffer zone tends to deprive the farmers of their occupations forcing
them to work as landless laborers for their livelihood. Ravine
reclamation is a cost intensive activity, due to which it is financially
not feasible to go for reclamation in the entire ravine lands,
simultaneously. Therefore, there is a need to identify the potential
zones of reclamation for planning of reclamation work in a phased
manner. In this study, an innovative hybrid approach was used for
development of ravine vulnerability index for Mahi ravine in Western
India. The potential zones or active sites in the 50 m buffer zone of
the delineated ravine covering an area of 63031 ha was identified for
reclamation works. The spatial database was used for preparation of
raster layers using Arc GIS 10.3 software. The sand, silt, clay, organic
carbon, soil erodibility factor, slope, stream power index, topographic
wetness index, sediment transport index and cover factor were identified
as important parameter for development of ravine vulnerability index.
The weights were assigned to different parameters in pairwise comparison
on the scale of 1 to 10, based on the relative importance of the each
parameter with respect to another in the decision matrix of analytical
hierarchical process. The number of iterations were made to obtain the
consistency ratio less than 10% to obtain the final priority weights of
each parameter. The priority weights obtained for each layer was then
assigned in the raster calculator in the Arc GIS interface. The highest
weight of 28.5 was obtained for sand parameter and minimum weight of 1.4
for sediment transport index parameter. The ravine vulnerability index
validated through ground truth shows that 16703 ha (26.50%) area of
Mahi ravine in Western India was found be under very high priority and
was identified as potential zones or active sites for reclamation. The
land capability classification for reclamation of the Mahi ravine in
Western India shows that 20275 ha (32.16%) area of arable land falls
under Class-III followed by 18687 ha (29.65%) of non-arable land under
Class-VI for suitable soil and water conservation measures.
Glycemic Index Versus Wheat Fiber on Arterial Wall Damage in Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jenkins David J.A. , Chiavaroli Laura , Mirrahimi Arash , Mitchell Sandra , Faulkner Dorothea , Sahye-Pudaruth Sandhya , Paquette Melanie , Coveney Judy , Olowoyeye Omodele , Patel Darshna , Pichika Sathish Chandra , Bashyam Balachandran , Maraj Tishan , Gillett Chantal , de Souza Russell J. , Augustin Livia S.A. , Blanco Mejia Sonia , Nishi Stephanie K. , Leiter Lawrence A. , Josse Robert G. , McKeown-Eyssen Gail E. , Berger Alan R. , Connelly Philip W. , Srichaikul Korbua , Kendall Cyril W.C. , Sievenpiper John L. , Moody Alan R.
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVE

High cereal fiber and low-glycemic index (GI) diets are associated with reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in cohort studies. Clinical trial evidence on event incidence is lacking. Therefore, to make trial outcomes more directly relevant to CVD, we compared the effect on carotid plaque development in diabetes of a low-GI diet versus a whole-grain wheat-fiber diet.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The study randomized 169 men and women with well-controlled type 2 diabetes to counseling on a low GI-diet or whole-grain wheat-fiber diet for 3 years. Change in carotid vessel wall volume (VWV) (prespecified primary end point) was assessed by MRI as an indication of arterial damage.

RESULTS

Of 169 randomized participants, 134 completed the study. No treatment differences were seen in VWV. However, on the whole-grain wheat-fiber diet, VWV increased significantly from baseline, 23 mm3 (95% CI 4, 41; P = 0.016), but not on the low-GI diet, 8 mm3 (95% CI −10, 26; P = 0.381). The low-GI diet resulted in preservation of renal function, as estimated glomerular filtration rate, compared with the reduction following the wheat-fiber diet. HbA1c was modestly reduced over the first 9 months in the intention-to-treat analysis and extended with greater compliance to 15 months in the per-protocol analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

Since the low-GI diet was similar to the whole-grain wheat-fiber diet recommended for cardiovascular risk reduction, the low-GI diet may also be effective for CVD risk reduction.
Biliary Sodium Depletion: A Rare Cause of Hyponatremia and Renal Failure
Authors: L Yassine
Published: November 2022

External biliary drainage is a necessary procedure in some situations, particularly in tumor obstructions of the bile ducts. We report the case of a 51-year-old man with hyponatremia and functional renal failure after high-volume biliary excretion following external percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for an obstructive Klatskin tumor. Our case shows that internal drainage should be preferred to external drainage which is a source of hydroelectrolyte and circulatory complications that can be life-threatening.
Dampak Penerapan Metode Home Visit terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Marta Eni
Published: November 2022

Kurangnya pemahaman siswa mengenai suatu materi yang diajarkan oleh guru melalui pembelajaran daring selama masa pandemi covid-19 mengakibatkan hasil belajar siswa menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh metode home visit terhadap hasil belajar tematik siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 45 orang siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar dengan dua rombel A dan B. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik statistik dan program SPSS versi 16.00. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa angket. Berdasarkan hipotesis penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa ttabel = 1,67858 pada taraf signifikan 0,05, hasil analisis menunjukkan thitung diperoleh sebesar 2,92578. Hubungan metode home visit terhadap hasil belajar tematik pada kriteria pengujian koefisien korelasi (R) adalah jika nilai sig < α, maka koefisien korelasi tersebut signifikan. Karena nilai sig = 0,005 < nilai α = 0,05, maka koefisien korelasi untuk persoalan di atas dinyatakan signifikan dengan besar pengaruh 16,6%. Artinya, ada pengaruh metode home visit terhadap hasil belajar tematik siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar pada masa pandemi covid-19. Implikasi penelitian ini diharapkan guru menerapkan metode home visit selama pembelajaran daring.
Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Pengelolaan Berbasis Sekolah guna Menghasilkan Keproduktifan Kerja Guru
Authors: Rifai Mohamad Ridwan , Perceka Andhika Lungguh
Published: November 2022

Persoalan yang ditemui pada pengelolaan pembelajaran masa ini yaitu persoalan keproduktifan kerja guru yang masih rendah. Rendahnya keproduktifan pekerjaan guru dianggap sebagai dampak dari belum maksimalnya pola kepemimpinan di sekolah, sehingga manajemen berbasis sekolah belum optimal. Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah tidak berlangsung optimal dikarenakan belum maksimalnya pemberdayaan staf. Dalam hal ini masih kurang pendekatan dan terlalu menuntut disiplin yang kuat terhadap guru yang tidak disiplin menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya akan tetapi bersikap kaku dari bawahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap manajemen berbasis sekolah dalam menciptakan keproduktifan kerja guru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan teknik deskriptif survei. Subjek yang terlibat sebagai informan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 94 orang. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik studi lapangan dengan pengamatan langsung dan menyebarkan beberapa angket. Data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis dengan proses interval successive method dan selanjutnya diuji dengan memakai analysis path model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan kepala sekolah memiliki pengaruh penting terhadap pengelolaan berbasis sekolah dalam menciptakan keproduktifan kerja guru. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa keproduktifan pekerjaan guru dapat meningkat apabila didukung oleh pola kepemimpinan dan manajerial kepala sekolah yang efektif.