bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ИЗДЕЛИЯ ИЗ ЖЕЛЕЗА И СТАЛИ В КОЛЛЕКЦИИ СЕЛИЩА КЛОЧКОВО 2
Authors: О.А. Несмиян , В.Л. Щербаков
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена коллекции изделий из черного металла, полученных при раскопках селища втор. пол. X – XII в. Клочково 2 в Ивановской области. С целью комплексной характеристики кузнечных изделий решен ряд исследовательских задач: предпринят количественный и морфологический анализ предметов, выполнено лабораторное изучение артефактов методом археологической металлографии. На основании полученных результатов в статье дана характеристика коллекции изделий из черного металла селища Клочково 2 с точки зрения категориального состава, технологии изготовления, выявлены особенности производственных мастерских, обеспечивавших местное население кузнечной продукцией.

The paper reports on the collection of items made from ferrous metal discovered during excavations of Klochkovo 2 unfortified settlement. The site is located in the Ivanovo region and dates to the second half of the 10th–12th centuries. In order to provide comprehensive characteristics of the blacksmiths items, a number of research tasks were addressed such as quantitative and morphological analyses of the finds; laboratory study of the artifacts with the use of the method of archaeological metallography. The paper presents results used to describe characteristics of the collection containing black metal items from the Klochkovo 2 settlement from the point of view of categorial components, production technology and identifies specific features of workshops that supplied blacksmiths products to the local population.
ТЕРРАКОТОВАЯ МУЖСКАЯ ГОЛОВА ИЗ БУХТЫ У МЫСА АК-БУРУН: ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И НОВЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ
Authors: С.Ю. Внуков , Т.А. Ильина , М.Б. Муратова , С.В. Ольховский , А.В. Смокотина
Published: November 2021

Статья представляет собой предварительную публикацию фрагментированной терракотовой головы, изображающей бородатого мужчину, найденной в 2017 г. в результате подводных раскопок у мыса Ак-Бурун. Подробно рассматривается технология изготовления головы, а также предпринимаются поиски аналогий и выяснение ее возможного функционального назначения.

The paper is a preliminary report on a fragmented terracotta head featuring a bearded man discovered in the course of underwater excavations near the Ak-Burun Capein 2017. The paper provides details of the technology used to make this head, attempts to find analogies and clarify its possible functional use.
ЛОЩЕНАЯ КЕРАМИКА РЖЕВСКОГО МОГИЛЬНИКА САЛТОВО-МАЯЦКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ
Authors: Е.В. Суханов
Published: November 2021

Автором статьи проводятся исследования хронологии форм лощеных сосудов салтово-маяцкой культуры с позиций историко-культурного подхода. Основная цель этой работы заключается в проверке периодизации, предложенной на основании керамики Дмитриевского могильника. В качестве памятника для выполнения такой проверки выбран Ржевский могильник. Он расположен примерно в 5 кмот Дмитриевского и датирован по монетам и металлическому инвентарю. Критерий для выяснения хронологической позиции Ржевского могильника по отношению к Дмитриевке – соотношение на памятнике несмешанных и смешанных традиций придания формы лощеным сосудам. В результате исследования мы приходим к выводу, что на основании форм керамики Ржевский могильник может быть синхронизирован с промежуточной группой Дмитриевки. Этот вывод подтверждается независимыми данными. Судя по монетным находкам и ременным гарнитурам, Ржевский могильник начал функционировать не ранее конца VIII в. и закончил около середины IX в.

The author of the paper studies the chronology of burnished vessels from the Saltovo-Mayatskoye culture based on the historical and cultural approach. The main objective of this paper is to verify periodization offered on the basis of the ceramics originating from the Dmitrievskiy cemetery. The Rzhevskiy cemetery has been selected as a reference site to carry out this kind of verification. The Rzhevskiy cemetery is located approximately five kilometers from the Dmitrievskiy cemetery and is dated by coins and metal funerary offerings. The criterion used to clarify the chronological position of the Rzhevskiy cemetery against that of the Dmitrievskiy cemetery is the non-intermingling versus intermingling traditions related to the shape of burnished vessels. The author comes to the conclusion that the Rzhevskiy cemetery can be regarded contemporary with the intermediary Dmitrievka group. This conclusion is confirmed by independent data. Judging by coin finds and belt sets, the Rzhevskiy cemetery started functioning not before the end of the 8th century and was abandoned around the mid 9th century.
АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ КОНТЕКСТ ИСКУССТВА МАЛЫХ ФОРМ ВЕРХНЕПАЛЕОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ СТОЯНКИ ХОТЫЛЕВО 2, ПУНКТ В
Authors: К.Н. Гаврилов
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена сравнительному анализу условий нахождения в культурном слое памятников искусства малых форм, обнаруженных при раскопках пункта В стоянки Хотылево 2. Дана характеристика комплексов археологических объектов, с которыми связано положение предметов искусства, проведено сопоставление их пространственного соотношения. Сделан вывод о том, что особенности археологического контекста произведений первобытного искусства из раскопок пункта В стоянки Хотылево 2 соответствуют культурному своеобразию этого памятника в рамках восточноевропейского граветта.

The paper offers comparative analysis of depositional contexts of portable art items found in the occupation layer during excavations of station V at Khotylevo 2. It provides description of assemblages of archaeological objects related to the position of works of art and compares their spatial distribution. The author comes to the conclusion that distinctive features of the archaeological context where prehistorical art items from station V at Khotylevo 2 have been found are consistent with cultural attributes of this site within the Eastern European Gravettian.
КОСТЯНЫЕ ИЗДЕЛИЯ С ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЯМИ С ОЗЕРА ВЕЧЕРА И ИХ АНАЛОГИИ В МЕЗОЛИТЕ-НЕОЛИТЕ ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЕВРОПЫ И УРАЛА
Authors: С.Н. Савченко
Published: November 2021

При добыче сапропеля на озере Вечера в Любанском районе Минской области Республики Беларусь были извлечены различные древние предметы, собранные, изученные и опубликованные Н. Н. Кривальцевичем. В том числе было получено 125 костяных и роговых изделий. Сопоставление их с мезолитическими и неолитическими материалами соседних территорий и неолитических памятников Беларуси с костяным инвентарем позволило предположительно выделить среди них предметы мезолитического и неолитического облика. Два кинжала и 4 наконечника стрел декорированы гравированными линейными изображениями. Помимо декорированных предметов охотничьего вооружения в коллекции Озерного 2Б имеются два уникальных артефакта неутилитарного назначения с зооморфным и антропоморфными изображениями. Рассмотренные восточноевропейские и уральские аналогии не только типам костяных изделий с озера Вечера, но и изображениям на них позволяют связать эти артефакты с кругом мезолитических и неолитических восточноевропейских и уральских культур лесной зоны.

During extraction of gyttja clay from Lake Vecherain the Lyuban district, Minsk region, Republic of Belarus, ancient items were retrieved, and then collected, examined and published by N. N. Krivaltsevich. The assemblage included 125 bone and antler items. Comparison of these finds with Mesolithic and Neolithic artifacts from adjacent areas and items from Neolithic sites in Belarusthat contained offerings made from bone enabled the researchers to tentatively single out items of Mesolithic and Neolithic types. Two daggers and four arrowheads are decorated with engraved line images. Besides decorated items of hunting weapons the assemblage from Ozernoye 2B includes two unique artifacts featuring zoomorphic and anthropomorphic images that were not intended for practical use. The examined East European and Urals analogies to the bone items and analogies to the images from Lake Vechera suggest that these artifacts were related to a circle of the Mesolithic and Neolithic East European and Urals cultures of the forest zone.
БУЛАВКИ САМБИЙСКО-НАТАНГИЙСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ ПО ДАННЫМ ЖЕНСКОГО УБОРА
Authors: О.А. Хомякова
Published: November 2021

Рассматриваются булавки самбийско-натангийской культуры Юго-Восточной Прибалтики из женских комплексов I–V вв. В женском уборе они наиболее разнообразны и представляют собой маркер межкультурных контактов и особый компонент региональной модели убора. Для реконструкции местоположения булавок в уборе костюма местных племен привлекаются сравнительные данные соседних территорий. Импортные по большей части и нехарактерные для самбийско-натангийского женского убора булавки, возможно, могли использоваться по-разному: как деталь одежды, элемент прически, головного убора, быть скрученными на манер подвески в составе ожерелий. В раннесредневековой культуре пруссов VI–VIII вв. булавки исчезают из женского убора, редко встречаясь в инвентаре детских и мужских захоронений.

The paper examines the pins found in women’s assemblages from cemeteries in the Kaliningrad Peninsuladating to 1st–8th centuries. The pins are analyzed as a marker of cultural links and an element of local population clothes.
УКРАШЕНИЯ ДНЕПРОВСКОГО КУЛЬТУРНОГО КРУГА НА РАННЕСРЕДНЕВЕКОВЫХ ПАМЯТНИКАХ ЛИНИИ КРИВЦА В ВЕРХОВЬЯХ р. ВОРОНЕЖ
Authors: Н.В. Сыщиков
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматривается проблема присутствия украшений 1-й группы днепровских раннесредневековых кладов (по О. А. Щегловой) на памятниках культурной линии Кривца в верховьях р. Воронеж. Целью публикации является привлечение наибольшего числа аналогий украшениям круга днепровских раннесредневековых кладов 1-й группы с поселения Кривец-4. Задачей является поиск украшений, сходных с теми, что были обнаружены на обозначенном памятнике. При работе с материалами был применен сравнительно-типологический метод. Результатом работы стало увеличение количества аналогий для украшений днепровского культурного круга, обнаруженных на памятнике Кривец-4. На основании обнаружения клада 1-й группы днепровских раннесредневековых кладов (по О. А. Щегловой) близ г. Острогожска было сделано предположение о возможности существования «моста» между раннеславянскими культурами Поднепровья и памятниками в верховьях р. Воронеж.

The issue explored in this paper deals with presence of jewelry referred to the 1st group of the Dnieper early medieval hoards after O. A. Shcheglova at the sites of the Krivets line in the upper reaches of the Voronezhriver. The aim of this publication is to find as many analogies to the jewelry referred to the 1st group of the Dnieper early medieval hoards retrieved from the Krivets-4 settlement as possible. The task is to find jewelry pieces similar to those discovered at this site. A comparative-typological method was used, when examining the finds. The outcome of this analysis is an increased number of analogies to the jewelry of the Dnieper cultural circle discovered at Krivets-4. The discovery of a hoard referred to the 1st group of the Dnieper early medieval hoards after O. A. Shcheglova near the town of Ostrogozhsk suggested that, probably, there was a ‘bridge’ between the early Slav cultures of the Dnieper region and the sites in the upper reaches of the Voronezh river.
К ВОПРОСУ О ТРАССИРОВКЕ И ДАТИРОВКЕ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЫХ ОБОРОНИТЕЛЬНЫХ СООРУЖЕНИЙ СМОЛЕНСКА В РАЙОНЕ АВРААМИЕВСКОГО МОНАСТЫРЯ
Authors: И.Н. Ершов , Н.А. Кренке , К.А. Ганичев
Published: November 2021

Исследования восточной окраины Смоленска позволили получить новые данные, на основании которых делается попытка рассмотреть проблему расположе­ния трасс укреплений города XVI–XVII вв. в районе Авраамиевского монастыря. Участки укреплений, прилегающие к территории монастыря, изначально являются, по данным раскопок, набросом из котлована Смоленской крепости, поновлявшимся поляками перед войнами 1632–1634 и 1654 гг. Трасса же «Нового большого города» пролегала по современной ул. Жукова.

Excavations carried out in the eastern outskirts of Smolenskprovided essential new data. The authors use them to make an attempt to examine the laying-out of the city near the Avraamy Transfiguration Monastery in the 16th–17th centuries. The excavations have shown that for construction of the sections of the fortifications adjacent to the monastery the earth taken from the foundation pit of the Smolenskfortress and then upgraded by the Polish before the war of 1632–1634 and the war of 1654. The location line of the «New Big City» ran along modern Zhukov Street.
УКРЕПЛЕНИЯ БАССЕЙНА АВВАКУМОВКИ В ВОСТОЧНОМ ПРИМОРЬЕ
Authors: О.В. Дьякова
Published: November 2021

В статье на основе архивных источников и полевых исследований предлагается картирование и классификация девяти древних и средневековых укреплений бассейна р. Аввакумовки Восточного Приморья (Ольгинский район Приморского края). По геоморфологической характеристике укрепления относятся к мысовому, долинному и горному типам. Установлено, что фортификационные памятники создавались носителями разных культур (янковской, польцевской, мохэской, чжурчжэньской), датируемых I тыс. до н. э. – первой половиной II тыс. н. э. Впервые выявлено, что Михайловское городище относится к польцевской культуре эпохи Средневековья (VI в. н. э.). Расположение укреплений вдоль реки и ее притоков свидетельствует о функционировании здесь сухопутной и морской дорог. Сухопутная дорога спускалась с перевала к морю, морская магистраль пролегала вдоль побережья Японского моря.

Based on archival sources and field research, the paper offers mapping and classification of nine ancient and medieval fortifications located in the Avvakumovka River basin in Eastern Primorye (Olga district of Primorye). Regarding their geomorphological characteristics, the fortifications are referred to promontory, valley and mountainous types. It has been discovered that the fortifications were built by people representing various cultures (the Yankovka, the Poltse, the Mohe, the Jurchen cultures) dating to I mill. BC – first half of II mill. AD. It has been established for the first time that the Mikhaylovskoye fortified settlement is attributed to the Poltse culture of the medieval period (6th century). The location of the fortifications along the river and its tributaries suggest existence of local overland and marine roads. The overland road descended from a mountain pass to the sea, whereas the marine road ran along the coastline of the sea of Japan.
ВНЕШНИЕ ОБОРОННЫЕ СООРУЖЕНИЯ ЧЖУРЧЖЭНЬСКИХ ГОРОДОВ ГОСУДАРСТВА ВОСТОЧНОГО СЯ
Authors: Н.Г. Артемьева , С.В. Макиевский
Published: November 2021

Государство Восточное Ся (1215–1233 гг.) было создано чжурчжэнями для защиты от монгольского вторжения на территории Северо-Востока Китая, в которую входил юг Дальнего Востока России. При строительстве городов-крепостей широко использовались естественно-географические условия. Горный ландшафт создавал возможность строить горные городища в распадках сопок, используя природные условия как дополнительные преграды. При исследовании фортификационных сооружений Шайгинского городища были выявлены основные и дополнительные оборонные сооружения чжурчжэньских укрепленных поселений, прослежена эволюция средневекового оборонного зодчества Дальнего Востока. В наиболее уязвимых местах возводились внешние дополнительные сооружения – реданы и отсекающие валы. Редан Шайгинского городища представлял собой сооружение шириной около 30 м, окруженное тремя валами и тремя рвами. В качестве дополнительного укрепления применялись отсекающие рвы, которые перекрывали подходы по мысам к городищу. На Шайгинском городище прослежено четыре отсекающих рва. Внешние фортификационные сооружения в виде редана и отсекающих рвов выполняли функцию первой линии защиты чжурчжэньских городов-крепостей. Эти укрепления впервые зафиксированы на горных городищах периода государства Восточного Ся. Их можно считать достижением чжурчжэньских градостроителей XIII в.

The Eastern Xia Kingdom(1215–1233) was established by the Jurchens to defend themselves against invasions of the Mongols in North-East Chinathat included the southern parts of the Far East of Russia. Local topographic features were widely used in construction of city fortresses. Mountain landscape provided an opportunity to build mountainous fortified settlements into narrow valleys of sopkas to follow the natural terrain contours and use them to create additional obstacles. Excavations of the Shayginskoye hillfort revealed main and additional defensive constructions of Jurchen fortified settlements tracing the evolution of medieval defensive architecture in the Far East. Additional external constructions such as redans and cut-off ramparts were erected in soft spots of fortifications. The redan of the Shayginskoye hillfort was a construction around 20 mwide which was surrounded with three ramparts and three ditches. Cut-off ditches that closed access to the hillfort through promontories were used as an additional obstacle. Four cut-off ditches were identified at the Shayginskoye hillfort. External fortification constructions such as redans and cut-off ditches served to be the first defensive line of Jurchen fortress cities. This type of fortifications was recorded for the first time in mountainous hillforts of Eastern Xia. They can be regarded as an achievement of Jurchen town planners of the 13th century.
ИЗОТОПНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ СКЕЛЕТНЫХ ОСТАНКОВ ЛЮДЕЙ ИЗ ГРОБНИЦЫ ХРАМА В ГОРЗУВИТАХ: ХРОНОЛОГИЯ, ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПИТАНИЯ, МОБИЛЬНОСТЬ
Authors: М.В. Добровольская , А.В. Мастыкова
Published: November 2021

Палеоантропологические материалы из коллективного погребения в храме в Горзувитах исследованы с целью получения сведений о времени функционирования гробницы. Минимальное число индивидов в гробнице – 20. Это мужчины, женщины и дети разных возрастов. Результаты радиоуглеродного датирования 14 образцов указывают использование погребального сооружения с VII по XII в. Однако анализ изотопного состава азота и углерода коллагена костной ткани дает основание предполагать значительный резервуарный эффект, обусловленный употреблением морских продуктов. Предполагаемый период функционирования гробницы XI–XIII вв. Судя по изотопным данным, основную долю обыденного рациона людей составляли растительные продукты, морская рыба, доля мясной и молочной пищи, скорее всего, была невелика. Эта структура питания находит аналогии в питании средневекового византийского населения с территории Греции. Данные об изотопном составе стронция эмали зубов позволяют предполагать, что все индивиды жили в сходных геохимических условиях, недавних мигрантов из отдаленных районов не встречено.

Palaeoanthropological remains from a multiple grave in the church at Gorzuvity have been examined to obtain information about the time the sepulchral vault was in operation. The minimum number of the individuals in the grave is 20. These are males, females and children of various ages. The radiocarbon dating of 14 samples demonstrates that the funerary construction was used from the 7th till the 12th centuries. However, the analysis of the nitrogen and carbon isotopes in the bone tissue collagen suggests a strong reservoir effect caused by consumption of marine food. The tentative period of the vault operation ranges between the 11th and 13th centuries. Based on the stable isotope data, plant food and sea fish accounted for the largest part of everyday human dietary intake; the share of meat and milk products is likely to have been low. This diet pattern finds analogies in the diet system of medieval Byzantine population in Greece. The data on the isotope composition of strontium from tooth enamel suggest that all individuals lived in similar geochemical conditions; no non-locals from far-away regions have been identified.
КРАНИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ ИЗ МОГИЛЬНИКОВ АЛАНСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ СЕВЕРНОГО КАВКАЗА III – ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ V в. н. э.
Authors: В.Ю. Малашев , С.Ю. Фризен
Published: November 2021

В статье анализируются материалы из могильников раннего этапа аланской культуры с территории РСО-Алании и Чеченской Республики. По данным палеоантропологии и археологии делается вывод, что население предгорной полосы, оставившие в том числе Бесланский могильник, являются предками для погребенных в некрополях аланской культуры Среднего Терека (Братские 1-е курганы, Октябрьский I и Киевский I м-ки); а последние стали основным культурным компонентом в формировании населения Западного Прикаспия, в первую очередь Южного Дагестана, что иллюстрируется материалами Паласа-сыртского могильника.

The paper analyzes materials from the Alan cemeteries in the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania and the Chechen Republic. Analyzing the data of palaeoanthropology and archaeology, the authors come to the conclusion that the population of the piedmont belt that left behind cemeteries including the Beslan cemetery are ancestors of the people buried in Alan necropolises located in the Middle Terek region (Bratskiye 1st kurgans and Oktyabrskiy I and Kievskiy cemeteries). The latter represent the main cultural component in formation of the population that settled in the western Caspian region, in particular, southern Dagestan, as illustrated by the remains from the Palasa-Syrt cemetery.
УЧАСТИЕ СОТРУДНИКОВ МОСКОВСКОГО ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ ИНСТИТУТА ИСТОРИИ МАТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ АН СССР В РАБОТЕ ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНОЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ КОМИССИИ (1943–1944 гг.)
Authors: А.А. Кудрявцев , С.А. Володин
Published: November 2021

В 1943–1944 гг. сотрудники Института истории материальной культуры принимали участие в работе Чрезвычайной государственной комиссии (ЧГК). Это выражалось в составлении инструкций по установлению стоимости различных археологических памятников для определения нанесенного им ущерба в период оккупации, составлении их списков и анкетировании. В 1944 г. ИИМК по заданию ЧГК организовал восемь экспедиций в освобожденные районы РСФСР и УССР с целью обследования ряда поселений и курганных могильников, а также музеев с археологическими коллекциями, пострадавших в военные годы. Участие в деятельности ЧГК позволило Московскому отделению ИИМК сохранить основные функции научного учреждения в тяжелый период войны.

In 1943–1944 the staff of the Institute for the History of Material Culture was involved in the work performed by the Extraordinary State Commission. The Institute staff prepared guidelines to be used in assessing the value of various archaeological sites to determine the damage caused to the sites during the occupation period, prepared relevant lists and conducted questionnaire-based interviews. In 1944 by order of the Extraordinary State Commission, the Institute organized eight expeditions to the liberated regions of the Russian SFR and the Ukrainian SSR in order to survey a number of settlements and kurgan burial grounds as well as museums with archaeological collections damaged during the war. Involvement in the activities of the Extraordinary State Commission enabled the Moscow Branch of the Institute to continue performing its main functions as a research institution during the hard time of the war.
МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ «ЗНАКИ И ОБРАЗЫ В ИСКУССТВЕ КАМЕННОГО ВЕКА»: ИСТОКИ И ИТОГИ
Authors: Е.С. Леванова , Г.А. Хлопачев , К.Н. Гаврилов
Published: November 2021

27–29 ноября 2019 г. в Институте археологии РАН состоялась Международная конференция «Знаки и образы в искусстве каменного века», организованная Центром палеоискусства и отделом каменного века ИА РАН, Музеем антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) РАН, Международной ассоциированной лабораторией «Мультидисциплинарные исследования первобытного искусства Евразии» (ARTEMIR) и Новосибирским государственным университетом. Это третье мероприятие в ряду конференций, связанных с темой изучения монументального и мобильного искусства каменного века. В работе конференции приняли участие специалисты из ряда научных учреждений России, Франции, Великобритании, Германии, Румынии, Швейцарии, Португалии, Норвегии, Италии, Казахстана, было заслушано 45 устных докладов и представлено 8 стендовых докладов. Работа конференции была организована по пяти направлениям, охватывающим проблемы археологического контекста в изучении искусства малых форм и наскальных изображений; изучения знаков и геометрических изображений, техники и стилистики исполнения пещерного и наскального искусства; дискуссий о семантике знаков и образов в искусстве каменного века, а также методологии изучения изображений.

On November 27–29, 2019, the Institute of Archaeology (RAS) held the international conference on the Signs and Images in Stone Age Art organized by the Center of Palaeoart and the Stone Age Department of the Institute of Archaeology (RAS), the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) (RAS), the International Associated Laboratory ‘Multidisciplinary Research of Prehistory Art of Eurasia’ (ARTEMIR) and Novosibirsk State University. It was the third event of this kind in a series of conferences held to discuss research of Stone Age monumental and portable art. The conference was attended by scholars from a number of research institutes of Russia, France, the UK, Germany, Rumania, Switzerland, Portugal, Norway, Italy, and Kazakhstanwho made 45 presentations and organized 8 poster presentations. The conference focused on five areas covering the issues of the archaeological context in studying portable items and rock images as well as signs and geometric images, technology and stylistical features of cave and rock art; discussions of semantics of signs and images in Stone Age art and methodology for examining images.
ОБРАЗ КОНЯ ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ ОБРАБОТАННОЙ КОСТИ ВЕРХНЕПАЛЕОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ СТОЯНОК БЫКИ
Authors: Н.Б. Ахметгалеева
Published: November 2021

Данная работа посвящена анализу зооморфных скульптурных изображений из бивня мамонта со стоянок Быки-1 и Быки-7, I культурный слой (бассейн реки Сейм, Русская равнина). Радиоуглеродные некалиброванные даты этих памятников находятся в диапазоне 18–16 тыс. л. Поделки отличаются по форме, но их объединяет набор технологических приемов изготовления, стилистика и схематизация зооморфных изображений. Аналогичен и их археологических контекст. Предметы оставлены древними людьми преднамеренно при покидании стоянки. Несмотря на выявленные различия, мы полагаем сходную семантику и их предназначение, связанные с конкретными охотничьими ритуалами. Особое внимание уделено образу коня/лошади, который, по одной из гипотез, имеет важное значение в мировосприятии древних обитателей этих стоянок.

The paper represents an analysis of the zoomorphic sculpture ivory objects from the Upper Paleolithic sites of Byki-1 and Byki-7, layer I (Seym River Basin, Russian Plain). Radiocarbon uncalibrated dates for these sites fall within 18 and 16000 BP. Figurines differ in form, but they are united by technological methods of manufacturing and the style / schematic of the zoomorphic image. Their archaeological context is similar. The items were left by the ancient people deliberately while leaving the site. We believe their similar semantics and purpose of zoomorphic figurines associated with specific hunting rituals. Particular attention is paid to the image of a horse / horse, which, according to one hypothesis, is important in the worldview of the ancient inhabitants of these sites.
МОНЕТЫ «НЕИЗВЕСТНОГО НАРОДА» НА ПОЛУОСТРОВЕ АБРАУ
Authors: А.И. Бабиец , Е.О. Богачук
Published: November 2021

Монетные типы с изображением идущего Марса, получившие распространение в основном на азиатской части Боспора и в прилежащих районах Северного Кавказа, получили название монет неизвестного народа . Ареал находок связан с азиатским Боспором, причем особое место занимает его юго-восточная периферия в античную эпоху хора Горгиппии. Более того, их находки явно тяготеют к региону между современными Новороссийском (в древности Бата-гавань) и Анапой (Горгиппия). В последние десятилетия в результате широкого использования металлодетекторов резко возросло находок и отдельных монет, и монетных кладов, в которых были представлены либо только варварские подражания, либо комплексы с позднебоспорскими монетами, что важно для уточнения хронологии.
HEAT AND DROUGHT STRESS EFFECT IN WHEAT GENOTYPES: A REVIEW
Authors: Paudel Sandesh , Pokharel Netra Prasad , Adhikari Susmita , Poudel Sarah
Published: November 2021

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) belonging to family Poaceae is the most important cereal crop as it contributes major portion to the world food for the world’s population. Similarly, it is the third most cultivated cereal crop in Nepal in terms of production and area. Wheat is a winter season crop which is usually grown within a temperature range of 15-250C in cold and dry weather. However frequent irrigations are crucial for proper growth of the plant, high yield and high quality of the grain. The annual productivity of wheat has been reported to be 2.49 tons per hectare. Water is found to be one of the most important factors in wheat production and by far not a single water stress tolerant variety has been introduced thus water management is necessary. In Nepal around 35% of the total wheat is cultivated under rainfed condition annually and in Terai this is around 19%. This cultivated area faces a severe drought stress during growing stage and heat stress during anthesis stage. Various studies have suggested that the combined impacts of drought and heat stress had a significant harmful effect on wheat than individual stresses (Stress and Review, 2017). Under drought stress days to anthesis and days to maturity were reduced by 10% and 14% while under heat stress these were reduced by 16% and 20% respectively. Combined effect of drought and heat stress caused reduction in DTA by 25% DTH by and 31%.
TREND, GROWTH RATE AND INSTABILITY ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION, PRODUCTIVITY, AREA AND SUPPLY OF POTATO IN KAVREPALANCHOK DISTRICT, NEPAL
Authors: Rijal Mahesh , Thapa Rabin , Srivastava Arvind , Lamsal Gunakeshari
Published: November 2021

A study was carried out to assess the trend of area, production, productivity and supply of potato in Kavre district, Nepal. The time-series data (1999/00 to 2017/18) were collected from the “Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture” published yearly by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, Nepal and the data of potato (red and white) supply from Kavre to Kalimati wholesale market from 2000/01 to 2019/20 was collected from the official website of Kalimati market. The data were entered and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and XLSTAT. Mann-Kendall test (M-K) and Sen’s slope method were used for trend analysis. The results showed that the potato cultivation area increased by 341.786 ha/year, production increased by 8323.933 Mt/year and productivity increased by 0.231 Mt/ha/year from 1999/00 to 2017/18. Similarly, the red potato supply from Kavre to the Kalimati market increased by 13.412 Mt/year and the white potato supply decreased by 234.174 Mt/year during the period from 2000/01 to 2019/20. The instability analysis showed 34.41%, 41.36% and 11.16%. coefficient of variation for area, production and productivity while red potato and white potato supply showed 11.64% and 107.86% variation. The average annual growth rates for area, production and productivity of potato were 6.02%, 8.83% and 2.43%, respectively. Similarly, growth rate of red potato supply was 3.91% per annum while white potato supply decreased at the compound annual growth rate of 19.61%. Thus, an increasing trend of area, production and productivity and supply of potato along with a positive growth rate for the potato can be seen in the Kavre district. Findings from this study could be used to suggest necessary policy guidelines for future production and marketing strategies of potato in Kavre.
FAW; AN EMERGING THREATS TO AGRICULTURE
Authors: Ghimire Prakriti , Bhetwal Nikku
Published: November 2021

The fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a polyphagous crop pest which has a higher possibility of spreading all over the world, risking the agricultural potential yield by reducing the productivity and production. The rapid breeding ability with a speed migrating tendency along with the voracious feeding nature, has made the monitoring and control of this pest more difficult. With more than 80 host species, the agricultural devastation caused by FAW has been a threat to the agricultural sector. So, an integrated approach of pest management should be in our top priority while dealing with controlling of the pest. Various cultural practices like deep ploughing before the rain onset and intercropping with different leguminous crops has helped to decrease the faw population along with other physical, biological, mechanical and chemical methods. However, chemical methods should be applied below the economic threshold level and only when the pest population is growing in such a rapid form that the other methods has failed to affect the pest population. This review mainly focuses on the Insect distribution, its biology, host preference, field damage along with its management strategies that has been researched by various researchers from different corners of the world.
Quality Pedagogical Practice in Early Childhood Education Institutions Relating to Children at Risk of Social Exclusion
Authors: Antulić Majcen Sandra , Drvodelić Maja
Published: November 2021

Quality early childhood education and care has been the focus of interest of researchers for over half a century. Approaches to the quality monitoring and quality assurance of early childhood education and care, as well as its conceptualisation and operationalisation, have changed and developed over the decades in line with contemporary understandings of child development and learning, and in accordance with changes in the purpose and functions of early childhood education and care. The results of many relevant studies confirm that quality early childhood education and care is crucial for short-term and long-term positive outcomes in different development and learning areas, especially in the case of disadvantaged children, including children at risk of social exclusion. The aim of this paper is to present the concept of quality in early childhood education and care from various research perspectives, with special emphasis on a review of the literature on the quality of pedagogical practice aimed at children at risk of social exclusion. The paper presents the theoretical model of responding to the needs of children at risk of social exclusion in Croatian early childhood education and care. Special attention is given to the quality of pedagogical practice regarding children at risk of social exclusion, as a prerequisite for planning targeted measures and interventions directed at this group of children and their families within the Croatian early childhood education and care system. It was concluded that the key factors for quality pedagogical practice are an interdisciplinary approach of highly qualified professionals and the participation of all key stakeholders within the child’s immediate environment, as well as connection between relevant policies and practice, which are crucial for early childhood education and care quality.
Through Thick and Thin: Lower Secondary School Students’ Barriers to Learning under Covid-19 Conditions
Authors: Nedzinskaitė-Mačiunienė Rasa , Stasiūnaitienė Eglė , Šimienė Gerda
Published: November 2021

At the global level, the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the whole education system, ranging from pre-school to higher education. Without any prior preparation, the teaching process has undergone a massive transition from face-to-face to distance learning. This transition has posed many challenges. This article aims to reveal what barriers to learning lower secondary school students face and how schools can minimise these barriers. A systematic review of the academic literature from two well-known databases, EBSCO and ScienceDirect, was performed to identify and determine the prevailing consistencies and gaps. The empirical study follows a qualitative research design: an explanatory case study. The data were collected through observations of online lessons, interviews with teachers and the school principal, and students’ reflections. In addition, an inductive thematic analysis was employed. The empirical results help to identify secondary school students’ barriers to learning in terms of learning accessibility and technological literacy; planning and reflections on learning; self-regulated learning and active involvement; and emotional and psychological well-being. Furthermore, the study highlights how a school can minimise these barriers.
Views of Adolescent Bhutanese Refugees on Home Learning During School Shutdown Across the Period of COVID-19
Authors: Mudwari Nabaraj , Beasy Kim , Murphy Carol , Cuskelly Monica
Published: November 2021

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is now a global crisis, resulting in the intermittent closure of many schools, worldwide. The school closures are believed to have affected adolescents’ education, particularly for vulnerable adolescents including those from a refugee-background.  The study explores the home learning experiences of adolescent Bhutanese refugees in Tasmania, Australia and draws on social capital theory to interpret findings. Interviews with adolescent Bhutanese refugees revealed four overarching themes: disengagement from learning, the experience of isolation, the complexity of family relationships and motivation through relationships. This article makes an important practical and theoretical contribution to home learning through challenging Putnam’s binary distinction between bonding and bridging and suggesting alternative conceptualisations based on the role of bonding in the creation of bridging social capital.  These findings have potential implications for the development of mitigation measures to support refugee-background students under extraordinary circumstances.
Medicinal plants possessed beneficial therapeutic effects in Alzheimer’s disease and memory deficits
Authors: Ali Esmail Al-Snafi
Published: November 2021

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for an estimated 60% to 80% of cases. The treatment of Alzheimer's disease remains challenging. Many medicinal plants possessed beneficial therapeutic effect inAlzheimer’s disease and memory deficits, by their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, NF-κB inhibition, phosphodiesterase inhibition, anti-amyloidogenic, and anticholinesterase activities. In the current article, the medicinal plants with beneficial effects in Alzheimer’s disease and memory deficits were discussed. This article considers not only the therapeutic effect of medicinal plants in AD and memory deficits, but also discussed the mechanisms of their beneficial effects.
Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of physical activity. An international position statement
Authors: Burhaein Erick , Demirci Nevzat , Lourenço Carla Cristina Vieira , Németh Zsolt , Phytanza Diajeng Tyas Pinru
Published: November 2021

Since its appearance at the end of 2019 and the beginning of 2020 in Wuhan (China),
the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide. The outbreak
was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Home confinement, travel restrictions, the
closing of venues for exercise and recreation, and the cancellation of indoor and
outdoor events including sport have been characteristic features of the public health
responses around the world. The result has been a reduction in the levels of physical
activity experienced by large numbers of the world population of all ages. This has
caused considerable alarm for physical activity professionals around the world. In
response, this position statement makes a case for the importance of continuing to
embrace regular physical activity alongside the existing public health strategies that
are being implemented in the management of the effects of the virus internationally. To
be consistent with these policies this activity should always be away from others
(application of social distancing) and preferably outdoors. Some potential benefits
specific to the current situation, are suggested by reference to existing knowledge about
the significance of exercise in the maintenance of a healthy immune system. However,
these recommendations need to be viewed primarily within an unchanging context of
the long-term value of healthy levels of physical activity for population well-being and
quality of life. This has been made the more important on account of the potential
harmful effects of the current reduced levels. Some recommendations for appropriate
dosage and types of PA for those with different conditions are provided.
Controlling soil degradation and increasing their fertility
Authors: Cherchel V. , Shevchenko M. , Desyatnyk L. , Shevchenko S.
Published: November 2021

The textbook considers the features and basic functions of soil as the main means of agricultural production and the most important resource of human; data on land resources of the planet and Ukraine are given; the main factors of degradation, soil contamination, causing their loss of fertility. The issues of prevention of fertility loss and control of soil degradation and pollution, as well as features of rational use, reclamation and protection of irrigated and disturbed lands are covered. The main provisions of alternative ecological systems of agriculture are given. The manual is intended for teachers of higher education institutions, postgraduate students and students on agronomy specialty, as well as for agronomists and specialists of agricultural enterprises
First record of rare boreal-alpine waxcap Hygrocybe calciphila (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales) in Southeastern Europe
Authors: Assyov B. , Slavova M.
Published: November 2021

Hygrocybe calciphila, an uncommon species of the genus was found for the first time in Southeastern Europe in forests of Pinus heldreichii in Bulgaria. Description and illustrations of the finding are presented. The European distribution of the species is summarized and briefly discussed, with emphasis on the scarce previous findings in Southern Europe.
Origin and Historical Process of Modern Europe: Part Two
Authors: Wang Zhiyong
Published: November 2021

Europe made the earliest contribution to modern civilisation and modernisation of Europe has long drawn attention from the academic world. This article conducts an investigation into the origin and historical process of modern Europe from a macroscopic perspective, in order to develop better understanding of the connection between European history and modern civilisation. It first illustrates the historical background against which modern Europe originated. Then it interprets the historical process of Europe’s modernisation with respect to economy, culture, politics, and technology. The outcomes and significance of Europe’s modernisation are discussed at the end. This study also reveals obvious continuity of European history and its impact on the modern world.
Rhythms of the day: how electronic media and daily routines influence mood during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zubek Julian , Ziembowicz Karolina , Pokropski Marek , Gwiaździński Paweł , Denkiewicz Michał , Boros Anna
Published: November 2021

This study aims to investigate how daily activities affect mood in the context of social distancing guidelines enforced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) administered four times a day during a two-week period, we asked participants (N = 91) about their mood and the activities they engaged in. Seven individuals were selected for a follow-up, open-ended questionnaire. Results show that a stable routine, including physical exercise, hobbies, regular sleep hours, and minimal time spent in front of the computer, helps maintain a good mood. Coping strategies such as planning and scheduling help keep routines and circadian rhythms stable. Face-to-face contact is associated with a more positive mood, while similar interaction through electronic communication has a less positive effect. We observe an effect related to the infodemic phenomenon: daily reports on COVID-19 cases and deaths affect mood fluctuations. This is an important consideration in shaping public information policies.
Ministério Público Antirracista a travessia necessária
Authors:   Cristiane Corrêa de Souza Hillal
Published: November 2021

Apesar de 56% da população brasileira ser negra (preta ou parda), os negros ainda estão em absurda desvantagem nesse país em todos os índices sociais relativos à educação, renda, emprego e violência de que são vítimas. Brancos ganham o dobro que negros, sendo que as mulheres negras ganham, em regra, 70% menos que os homens brancos. Estatísticas demonstram que mulheres negras morrem mais, são mais estupradas e agredidas no ambiente doméstico e fora dele que as mulheres brancas. Um jovem negro, no Brasil, tem 7 vezes mais chance de morrer que um jovem branco. A taxa de analfabetismo entre negros é mais que o dobro que entre brancos e nossa instituição, segundo último censo, possui mais de 90% dos seus quadros ocupados por Promotores e Promotoras de Justiça brancos. O Ministério Público de São Paulo, sem se esquivar de seus deveres constitucionais e sem se alienar de uma realidade de desigualdade que se escancara em números, tem se mobilizado para criar estruturas específicas de enfrentamento do racismo em sua tripla dimensão: estrutural, institucional e individual.
Kind of Blue: Lamenting the Failures of Settler Christianity in a Twilight Civilization
Authors: A. Kuipers Ronald
Published: November 2021

Amid the Black Lives Matter Movement and the ongoing struggle for the recognition of Indigenous rights, and in the wake of police murders of racialized minorities and state-sponsored cultural genocide, oppressed and marginalized groups are calling settler Christians to reckon with the legacy of colonialism that continues to haunt their cherished religious traditions. As a settler Christian, I here share my first halting steps to undertaking such a reckoning. It is a story about finally starting to listen, getting unsettled, and staying there. I have also found it to be a lament of sorts— a journey plunging me into a kind of blue that is perhaps different than the blues sung by those who have directly suffered the poverty and violence of colonialism’s oppressive legacy. It is, finally, a lament over the destructive “twilight civilization” (to use Cornel West’s phrase) this legacy has wrought—an unsustainable civilization that in a variety of ways dehumanizes everyone, whether we share the identity of the oppressor, the victim, or a mixture of both. Perhaps lament, then, is the spiritual practice settler Christians must first take up as we strive to work through and work free from our damaged past. That is, perhaps this reckoning calls settler Christians to perform a certain leavetaking before we may truly join our hearts and voices with those who seek to keep faith with all their fellow humans as well as the rest of God’s good Creation.
ASPECTS OF THE READINESS OF FOREIGN STUDENTS TO MASTER THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS OF RUSSIAN MILITARY UNIVERSITIES
Authors:   Military Academy of Communications named after S. M. Budyonny, Курдубова Варвара Вениаминовна , Шахвердова Елена Олеговна ,   Military Academy of Communications named after S. M. Budyonny
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the readiness of foreign students to master the educational programs of Russian higher military educational institutions, carried out from the standpoint of a functional and personal approach. The concept of readiness is clarified, the components of readiness are highlighted and their content is described.