bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical leadership in Africa – challenges and opportunities
Authors: Frimpong-Boateng Kwabena , Edwin Frank
Published: April 2019

Surgical care has been described as one of the Cinderellas in the global health development agenda, taking a backseat to public health, child health, and infectious diseases. In the midst of such competing health-care needs, surgical care, often viewed by policy makers as luxurious and the preserve of the rich, gets relegated to the bottom of priority lists. In the meantime, infectious disease, malnutrition, and other ailments, viewed as largely affecting the poor and disadvantaged in society, get embedded in national health plans, receiving substantial funding and public health program development. It is often stated that the main reason for this sad state of affairs in surgical care is the lack of political will to improve matters in the health sector. Indeed, in 2001, the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health concluded that the lack of political will to sufficiently increase spending on health at the sub-national, national, and international levels was perhaps the most critical barrier to improving health in low-income countries. However, at the root of this lack of political will is a lack of political priority for surgical care.
Image Compression Based on Block SVD Power Method
Authors: Asnaoui Khalid El
Published: April 2019

In recent years, the important and fast growth in the development and demand of multimedia products is contributing to an insufficiency in the bandwidth of devices and network storage memory. Consequently, the theory of data compression becomes more significant for reducing data redundancy in order to allow more transfer and storage of data. In this context, this paper addresses the problem of lossy image compression. Indeed, this new proposed method is based on the block singular value decomposition (SVD) power method that overcomes the disadvantages of MATLAB’s SVD function in order to make a lossy image compression. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better compression performance compared with the existing compression algorithms that use MATLAB’s SVD function. In addition, the proposed approach is simple in terms of implementation and can provide different degrees of error resilience, which gives, in a short execution time, a better image compression.
Metabolic characterization of amniotic fluids of fetuses with enlarged nuchal translucency
Authors: Iuculano Ambra , Murgia Federica , Peddes Cristina , Santoru Maria Laura , Tronci Laura , Deiana Monica , Balsamo Antonella , Euser Anna , Atzori Luigi , Monni Giovanni
Published: April 2019

Background

In prenatal diagnosis, a thickened nuchal translucency (NT) is one of the most sensitive and specific markers for several defects but it may also be found in 5% of healthy fetuses. The pathophysiological causes that lead to an increase in NT are not yet fully understood. Metabolomics represents a new promising approach, useful for studying different metabolites in biological organisms in response to environmental stressors. The aim of our study was to investigate the metabolomic profile of the amniotic fluid samples (AFS) of euploid fetuses with enlarged nuchal translucency (ENT) compared to a control group (C group).

Methods

This study was carried out on a group of women who underwent second-trimester amniocentesis for advanced maternal age (C group) or for NT ≥95th percentile (ENT group) found during first-trimester aneuploidy screening. AFS were analyzed with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and subsequent multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were conducted, followed by pathway analysis.

Results

In total, 67 AFS from the C group and 23 from the ENT group were analyzed. Partial least square discriminate analysis was carried out (R2X=0.784, R2Y=0.658, Q2=0.622, P<0.0001). A different metabolic profile was observed in the ENT group compared with the C group, suggesting an energetic shift to a glycolytic phenotype in an oxidative environment in the ENT group compared to the C group.

Conclusion

Metabolomic studies enable the identification of metabolic alterations occurring in fetuses with ENT. These findings may provide a new basis for better understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms in this prenatal phenomenon.
2-D noise maps for tier-2 city urban Indian roads
Authors: Sonaviya Dipeshkumar R. , Tandel Bhaven N.
Published: April 2019

In today’s era, vehicular noise pollution has been identified as a serious danger that influence the attribute of the urban regions. To identify the influence of noise effects, noise maps are very useful. A noise mapping study has been carried out to study the propagation of urban road traffic noise in the areas along with field measurements. The computer simulation model (Sound- PLAN software) is used to developed noise maps. In developing nations like India, traffic composition is heterogeneous. These traffic compositions contain vehicles, which have different sizes, speeds variations and operating systems. Because of fluctuating speeds, deficiency of lane disciplines, and non-authorized parking on main road lanes, honking events becomes inevitable, which changes and affects the urban soundscape of nations like India. Due to horn events (heterogeneous traffic condition), noise level (LAeq) increase by 0.5–8 dB (A) as compared to homogeneous traffic conditions.
Das Opferentschädigungsgesetz
Authors: Wulff Jonathan
Published: April 2019

Das Opferentschädigungsgesetz (OEG) bietet einen umfassenden Leistungskatalog – eine grundlegende Reform ist dem Autor zufolge dennoch nötig. Der Autor zeigt auf, dass das Bundesversorgungsgesetz den Anforderungen einer effektiven Versorgung von Gewaltopfer nur eingeschränkt genügt und kritisiert, dass Opfer „psychischer Gewalt“ keinen Anspruch auf Versorgung haben. Der Artikel gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die aktuelle Diskussion zur Reform des Sozialen Entschädigungsrechts.
Säkulares Sterben?
Authors: Greiner Florian
Published: April 2019

Vorspann

Der Tod als unausweichliches Ende des menschlichen Lebens ist eine anthropologische Konstante, aber der gesellschaftliche Umgang mit dem Sterben unterliegt historischen Wandlungsprozessen. Obwohl Philippe Ariès das mit seiner großen Studie zur „Geschichte des Todes“ schon 1977 gezeigt hat, nähert sich die Zeitgeschichtsforschung dem Thema erst in jüngerer Zeit. Florian Greiner untersucht, wie sich der Diskurs über Tod und Sterben in Westdeutschland nach 1945, vor allem aber seit den 1970er Jahren geändert hat. Dass die Kirchen dabei eine zentrale Rolle spielen, vor allem seit sie nach anfänglicher Skepsis begonnen haben, die Ideen und Initiativen der Hospizbewegung aufzunehmen, stellt verbreitete Annahmen über die fortschreitende Säkularisierung moderner Gesellschaften in Frage.
Walther Rauff und die chilenische Militärdiktatur unter Augusto Pinochet
Authors: Klein Marcus
Published: April 2019

Vorspann

Walther Rauff, seit 1944 Standartenführer der SS, gehörte bis zu seinem Tod im Mai 1984 als Verantwortlicher für die Entwicklung und den Einsatz der sogenannten Gaswagen zu den meistgesuchten NS-Verbrechern. Er hatte sich der Strafverfolgung durch Flucht entzogen und lebte seit Ende der 1950er Jahre in Chile. Als die Streitkräfte dort im September 1973 den sozialistischen Präsidenten Salvador Allende stürzten und unter General Augusto Pinochet eine brutale Militärdiktatur errichteten, wurden rasch Stimmen laut, Rauff sei an verantwortlicher Stelle für den berüchtigten chilenischen Geheimdienst tätig. Belastbare Indizien dafür fanden sich nie, dennoch entwickelte dieses Gerücht eine erstaunliche Beharrungskraft. Marcus Klein spürt der Frage nach, wie es dazu kam, welche Akteure und Netzwerke dabei eine wichtige Rolle spielten und warum sich das Gerücht bis in unsere Tage halten konnte.
Chemogenetic Suppression of Medial Prefrontal-Dorsal Hippocampal Interactions Prevents Estrogenic Enhancement of Memory Consolidation in Female Mice
Authors: Tuscher Jennifer J. , Taxier Lisa R. , Schalk Jayson C. , Haertel Jacqueline M. , Frick Karyn M.
Published: April 2019

The importance of the dorsal hippocampus (DH) in mediating the memory-enhancing effects of the sex-steroid hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) is well established. However, estrogen receptors (ERs) are highly expressed in other brain regions that support memory formation, including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The mPFC and DH interact to mediate the formation of several types of memory, and behavioral tasks that recruit the mPFC are enhanced by systemic E2administration, making this region a prime candidate for investigating circuit-level questions regarding the estrogenic regulation of memory. Further, infusion of E2directly into the DH increases dendritic spine density in both the DH and mPFC, and this effect depends upon rapid activation of cell-signaling pathways in the DH, demonstrating a previously unexplored interaction between the DH and mPFC that led us to question the role of the mPFC in object memory consolidation and the necessity of DH-mPFC interactions in the memory-enhancing effects of E2. Here, we found that infusion of E2directly into the mPFC of ovariectomized mice increased mPFC apical spine density and facilitated object recognition and spatial memory consolidation, demonstrating that E2in the mPFC increases spinogenesis and enhances on memory consolidation. Next, chemogenetic suppression of the mPFC blocked the beneficial effects of DH-infused E2on memory consolidation, indicating that systems-level DH-mPFC interactions are necessary for the memory-enhancing effects of E2. Together, these studies provide evidence that E2in the mPFC mediates memory formation, and reveal that the DH and mPFC act in concert to support the memory-enhancing effects of E2in female mice.
Nesfatin-1 suppresses peripheral arterial remodeling without elevating blood pressure in mice
Authors: Mori Yusaku , Shimizu Hiroyuki , Kushima Hideki , Saito Tomomi , Hiromura Munenori , Terasaki Michishige , Koshibu Masakazu , Ohtaki Hirokazu , Hirano Tsutomu
Published: April 2019

Nesfatin-1 is a novel anorexic peptide hormone that also exerts cardiovascular protective effects in rodent models. However, nesfatin-1 treatment at high doses also exerts vasopressor effects, which potentially limits its therapeutic application. Here, we evaluated the vasoprotective and vasopressor effects of nesfatin-1 at different doses in mouse models. Wild-type mice and those with the transgene nucleobindin-2, a precursor of nesfatin-1, were employed. Wild-type mice were randomly assigned to treatment with vehicle or nesfatin-1 at 0.2, 2.0 or 10 μg/kg/day (Nes-0.2, Nes-2, Nes-10, respectively). Subsequently, mice underwent femoral artery wire injury to induce arterial remodeling. After 4 weeks, injured arteries were collected for morphometric analysis. Compared with vehicle, nesfatin-1 treatments at 2.0 and 10 μg/kg/day decreased body weights and elevated plasma nesfatin-1 levels with no changes in systolic blood pressure. Furthermore, these treatments reduced neointimal hyperplasia without inducing undesirable remodeling in injured arteries. However, nesfatin-1 treatment at 0.2 μg/kg/day was insufficient to elevate plasma nesfatin-1 levels and showed no vascular effects. In nucleobindin-2-transgenic mice, blood pressure was slightly higher but neointimal area was lower than those observed in littermate controls. In cultured human vascular endothelial cells, nesfatin-1 concentration-dependently increased nitric oxide production. Additionally, nesfatin-1 increased AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, which was abolished by inhibiting liver kinase B1. We thus demonstrated that nesfatin-1 treatment at appropriate doses suppressed arterial remodeling without affecting blood pressure. Our findings indicate that nesfatin-1 can be a therapeutic target for improved treatment of peripheral artery disease.
Interleukin in endometriosis-associated infertility-pelvic pain: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Malvezzi Helena , Hernandes Camila , Piccinato Carla A , Podgaec Sérgio
Published: April 2019

The objective is to study the significance of altered interleukin levels in endometriosis-related infertility or pelvic pain. The present systematic review and meta-analysis includes a discussion on the roles of interleukin in the physiopathology of endometriosis-associated infertility and/or pelvic pain. We included all studies in which interleukins in peritoneal fluid, follicular fluid or serum from patients were measured and that correlated the findings with either peritoneal or deep endometriosis-associated infertility or pelvic pain. For the meta-analysis, we selected studies on the following cytokines: interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Inflammatory processes clearly participate in the etiology of endometriosis. Cytokines are mediators of inflammation, and increase in their concentration in plasma or other body fluids signals the presence and extent of tissue lesions. A number of studies have reported on the association between higher cytokine levels and progression or maintenance of endometriosis and coexisting infertility or pelvic pain. The results of the analyses support that an association exists between elevated serum IL-6 and/or IL-8 concentrations and the occurrence of endometriosis-associated infertility. Such association was not found for endometriosis-associated pain. In spite of accumulated evidence on the association of pro-inflammatory cytokines and endometriosis, it still is not clear if and how these mediators participate in the physiopathology of endometriosis-associated infertility or pelvic pain, in part due to poor quality of the evidence established in the vast majority of interleukins and challenges in endometriosis research reproducibility. In summary, the results of the analyses support that an association exists between elevated serum IL-6 and/or IL-8 concentrations and the occurrence of endometriosis-associated infertility.
ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ ПОДАТКОВОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ ЯК СКЛАДОВА ФОРМУВАННЯ ПОДАТКОВОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ СУБ'ЄКТА ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ В УМОВАХ КРИЗОВИХ ЯВИЩ
Authors: Shkromyda N.Ya.
Published: April 2019

У статті розглянуто необхідність і методичні особливості податкової оптимізації як основної складової податкової політики підприємства, що є вимогою часу, особливо в період кризових явищ у вітчизняній економіці. У сучасному бізнес-середовищі систематизовано та згруповано існуючі моделі поведінки платників податків, зокрема: сплата податків без застосування спеціальних заходів і методів впливу на суму податкових зобов’язань; ухилення від сплати податків; обхід податкових платежів та податкова оптимізація. Досліджено рівень податкового навантаження за останні роки та проаналізовано динаміку його зміни. Систематизовано основні способи та форми оптимізації оподаткування бізнес-процесів господарюючого суб’єкта, які у конкретних виробничих умовах мають свої як переваги, так і недоліки.
Sayan–Biryusa Volcanoplutonic Belt (Southern Siberian Craton): Age and Petrogenesis
Authors: Donskaya T.V. , Gladkochub D.P. , Mazukabzov A.M. , L’vov P.A. , Demonterova E.I. , Motova Z.L.
Published: April 2019

—Geological, geochronological, and geochemical isotope studies are carried out for metamorphosed volcanic rocks and dolerites of the Maltsevka sequence of the Elash Group in the Biryusa block of the Siberian craton. It is found that mafic igneous rocks (dolerites and basaltic andesites) are close in composition to intraplate basalts. Flat or slightly fractionated REE patterns ((La/Yb)n = 1.3–2.3) and positive εNd(T) values of +3.7 and +4.1 are observed. It is assumed that the depleted asthenospheric mantle and, possibly, plume mantle were the sources of these rocks, while the lithospheric mantle had no significant effect. Meta-andesites of the Maltsevka sequence belong to the tholeiitic series and have high La, Th, and U contents. Pronounced negative Nb and Ti anomalies are observed in the multielement patterns of these rocks, along with negative εNd(T) values of –4.6. It is assumed that meta-andesites were resulted from the late Archean crustal melting with the participation of the mantle material. Metarhyolites prevalent in the Maltsevka sequence are divided into two groups similar in REE composition to A-type and I-type granites. A-type metarhyolites show high contents of Zr, Y, Nb, Th, and REE (except for Eu) and positive εNd(T) values of +2.2 and might have resulted from the melting of the source with geochemical isotope parameters close to those of mafic igneous rocks of the Maltsevka sequence. I-type metarhyolites have low contents of Y, Yb, Zr, and Nb but high contents of Th and show negative εNd(T) values of –3.7. They might have resulted from the melting of lower crustal diorite–tonalite rocks with addition of juvenile mantle material to the magma generation area. U–Pb zircon dating of metarhyolites of the Maltsevka sequence corresponding to A- and I-type granites showed that they are close in age, 1872 ± 10 and 1874 ± 10 Ma, respectively, which agrees with the age estimated earlier for granitoids of the Sayan complex of the Biryusa block. The similar ages and structural positions, along with the localization within the same structure, made it possible to unite volcanic rocks of the Elash Group and granitoids of the Sayan complex of the Biryusa block into a Paleoproterozoic volcanoplutonic association. The rocks of the association form the Sayan–Biryusa volcanoplutonic belt stretching for about 300 km along the zone of junction of the Biryusa block of the Angara fold belt and the Archean Tunguska superterrane of the Siberian craton. The belt is part of the large Paleoproterozoic South Siberian postcollisional magmatic belt formed at the final formation stage of the Siberian craton, when it was possibly part of the Paleoproterozoic Columbia supercontinent.
Determination of electrophysiological properties of human monocytes and THP-1 cells by dielectrophoresis
Authors: Mohamed Rafeezul , Azhar Abdul Razak Mohd , Adib Kadri Nahrizul
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is based on polarization and bioparticle movement in applied electric fields. Each type of cells has its own electrical properties within the DEP spectra and undergoes significant changes in direction of frequency following an increase of an applied nonuniform alternating current (AC) electric field. Therefore, DEP can be an effective technique for characterization and separation of different cells. The goal of the current study was to determine the electrophysiological properties of human monocytes and a human monocytic cell line originated from an acute monocytic leukemia patient (THP-1), using a lab on a chip (LOC) device that utilised microarray dot electrodes.

Methods: Ten microliters of human monocytes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and highly confluent THP-1 cells were diluted in DEP medium and added to the spacer of the LOC device. Subsequently, the AC signal in the range of 10 kHz to 2 MHz was supplied to the LOC device, and the dynamic behaviours of monocytes and THP-1 cells due to the DEP force were observed. Images were captured and analyzed using MATLAB software.

Results: Microscopic visualization showed that THP-1 cells were physically larger than human monocytes. The dielectric parameters (radius, diameter, and conductivity and permittivity of the cytoplasm and membrane) were greater for THP-1 cells compared to monocytes. The cross-over frequencies for THP-1 cells and monocytes were respectively 66 kHz and 280 kHz.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the DEP spectra reflected the morphological differences between monocytes and THP-1 cells. The dielectric properties for each type of cells can be used as the criteria in the development of DEP-based characterization assays.
Implementation of a General Pediatric Clinical Rounding Checklist
Authors: Clark Nicholas A. , Burrus Stephanie , Richardson Troy , Sterner Sophia , Queen Mary Ann
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND:

Checklists have been found to improve patient outcomes in a variety of health care settings, but use is rare during general pediatric rounds. We aimed to decrease length of stay (LOS) by 10% within 12 months through the standardized delivery of 8 aspects of hospital care for the general pediatric unit.

METHODS:

For the general pediatrics unit at our freestanding children’s hospital, a clinical rounding checklist was developed through a consensus of teaching faculty. Iterative plan-do-study-act cycles were conducted in a targeted medical unit over a 12-month period. We assessed change using control charts.

RESULTS:

Checklist use increased from 61% to 96% early in the implementation phase. LOS (72 hours) was relatively unchanged. Cardiorespiratory monitor (CRM) duration was reduced by 28% (17.3 hours) within 4 months and was sustained for more than 12 months. A similar CRM reduction of 29% (22.5 hours) was seen in our medically complex patient subgroup. No clinically significant change was appreciated in central line, peripheral intravenous (IV) catheter, IV fluid, or IV medication duration. Thirty-day readmissions, code blue events, and rapid response team activations were not impacted.

CONCLUSIONS:

The use of a clinical rounding checklist on the general pediatric floor improved care in only 1 of 8 targeted domains. LOS did not change significantly over the project’s duration. CRM duration was significantly reduced in both routine patients and medically complex children, and these improvements were sustained without impacting patient safety. More study is needed to determine which checklist components, if any, may prove beneficial to patient outcomes.
Pediatric Readmissions Within 3 Days of Discharge: Preventability, Contributing Factors, and Necessity
Authors: Rodriguez Victoria A. , Goodman Denise M. , Bayldon Barbara , Budin Lee , Michelson Kelly N. , Garfield Craig F. , Rychlik Karen , Smythe Kathryn , Schroeder Sangeeta K.
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Among pediatric 30-day readmissions, 20% to 30% are preventable, and ∼25% are within 3 days of discharge. We investigated the preventability, contributing factors, and necessity of 3-day pediatric readmissions.

METHODS:

We enrolled patients who were readmitted within 3 days at a freestanding tertiary children’s hospital in this single-site observational study from July 2016 to February 2017. We performed chart reviews and interviews with discharge and readmission providers and families. Preventability was defined by the chart reviewer’s determination. Contributing factors for readmission, demographics, and clinical characteristics were analyzed for association with preventability and necessity. We analyzed qualitative data using content analysis.

RESULTS:

Of the 125 readmission cases included, 60 (48%) were preventable per chart reviewer compared with 27 of 92 (29%) per discharge providers, 33 of 93 (35%) per readmission providers, and 9 of 36 (25%) per families. Preventability was associated with the following contributing factors: problems with clinical decision-making in 54 of 125 (43%) readmissions (P < .001), issues with the discharge process in 25 of 125 (20%) readmissions (P = .01), clinically related admission and readmission (P = .004), and weekday of initial discharge (P = .02). Seventeen percent were unnecessary per readmission provider. Clinically unnecessary readmissions were associated with Hispanic ethnicity (P = .02), outside-hospital transfer (P = .05), and problems with clinical decision-making (P = .01). Qualitative data highlighted disagreement on readiness for discharge and the necessity of readmission among various providers and family.

CONCLUSIONS:

More than one-half of 3-day readmissions were considered either preventable or unnecessary. Clinical decision-making, discharge processes, and improving consensus among families and providers may be valuable areas for future efforts to reduce readmission.
Voltage stability assessment using fast non-dominated sorting algorithm 1
Authors: Candelo John Edwin , Caicedo Delgado Gladys
Published: April 2019

This paper presents a method to calculate multiple voltage stability limits (VSLs), voltage stability margins (VSMs), and voltage stability curves (VSCs). A multiobjective metaheuristic algorithm was used to change real and reactive powers of loads and generators and perform contingencies of the network elements. The maximum values of real and reactive powers were selected using fast non-dominated sorting and crowding distance techniques, combined with a conventional power flow (PF), and referred to in this paper as NSPF. The results show that the method can select and assess multiple maximum real and reactive powers allowed for a bus, an area, or the power system and that it can consider changes in load, generation, and contingencies. Results were validated using the PF and continuation power flow methods. The method finds a large number of VSCs in less time than the conventional methods and estimates multiple VSLs and VSMs.
Valor de ajuste del índice de fugas de agua en infraestructuras
Authors: Garcia Espinosa Juan Carlos , Benavides-Muñoz Holger Manuel
Published: April 2019

En la actualidad se estima que un 85% de la población tiene acceso a un servicio adecuado de agua potable; sin embargo, cerca de un 40% no es registrada o facturada, debido a pérdidas, fugas o tomas clandestinas, lo que constituye un problema en la gestión y distribución de agua para consumo humano. Una manera de determinar la eficiencia del sistema es basándose en los valores de los caudales de fuga, teniendo como principal indicador el índice de fuga estructural (IFE), que permite medir la efectividad de actividades de mantenimiento de la red. En países desarrollados este índice es considerado, con un valor de presión promedio durante las 24 horas del día; pero la realidad de países en vías de desarrollo es otra, por lo que en este trabajo se presentan dos alternativas para la corrección del IFE, basándose en datos estadísticos del agua no contabilizada de una población ecuatoriana.
El uranio como recurso energético y su actualidad minera en Colombia
Authors: Porras Andres Felipe , Díaz-Velásquez José de Jesús
Published: April 2019

Se realiza un estudio del uranio como recurso energético y un comparativo con otros combustibles y biomasa, se analiza el costo / beneficio de la energía nuclear y los accidentes producidos por los diferentes tipos de energía. Se muestra el aprovechamiento de las diferentes formas de uso del uranio empobrecido (238U) para aumentar la vida útil del combustible nuclear; finalmente se muestra la actualidad minera del uranio en Colombia bajo el único proyecto de explotación por parte de la empresa U3O8corp. Con éste estudio se puede concluir que la energía nuclear se considera segura con respecto a los accidentes y muertes fatales en la conversión de los otros tipos de energía para la obtención de energía eléctrica.
Consumer loyalty programs: impact of different modalities
Authors: Zanchett Ricardo , Paladini Edson Pacheco
Published: April 2019

The present study structures a new modality for loyalty programs and compares it with traditional approaches. Initially, described here are two modalities of loyalty programs - individual and coalition, often used, being analyzed are their main characteristics, advantages and restrictions, market ranges in which they operate and the managerial implications of each modality. Subsequently, the study proposes a new program modality (cluster) and provides practical aspects for its use. The types of loyalty (loyalty to the brand, loyalty to the store or loyalty to the program) that are intended to be achieved in each program modality were also identified. Participation of partners, accumulation of benefits, options for recovery of benefits, market ranges, program management and program focus were the analyzed variables for comparison of the programs. This analysis revealed which approaches are most appropriate for each type of program.
Free fatty acids in rice bran during its storage after a treatment by twin-screw extrusion to prevent possible rapid hydrolytic rancidity of lipids
Authors: Guevara Guerrero Beatriz , Fernández-Quintero Alejandro , Montero-Montero Juan Carlos
Published: April 2019

This research studied the prevention of hydrolytic rancidity during the storage of rice bran stabilized by an extrusion process. A double screw extruder was used, set at 130° C in the barrel and a rotational speed of the screws programmed at 200 RPM. The moisture content of the bran was adjusted at 20%. The treated bran was stored, using two packing methods (with and without vacuum), at two ambient conditions (18° C – 70 % RH and 30° C - 78% RH) for a period of 8 weeks. The content of free fatty acids (FFA) in the rice bran was observed during the storage time period. The extruded treated rice bran stored at 18° C - 70% RH resulted in lower values of FFA in comparison with the values in the bran kept at 30° C - 78% RH. Vacuum packaging showed a significant disadvantage as compared to packaging without vacuum.
Valorización y optimización del residuo de mampostería para la elaboración de concreto autocompactante
Authors: Silva Urrego Yimmy Fernando , Gordillo Marisol , Delvasto Silvio
Published: April 2019

El empleo de diferentes materiales cementicios suplementarios (MCS) en la elaboración de concretos autocompactantes (CACs) es una práctica cada vez más frecuente. En este artículo se presentan resultados de una investigación acerca de la utilización del residuo de mampostería (RM) como MCS. El material se caracterizó utilizando la prueba de Frattini, índice de actividad de resistencia y termogravimetría. La influencia del RM en las propiedades del CAC se evaluó reemplazando el cemento Portland en porcentajes de 0 a 50% en volumen. Las propiedades en estado fresco de los CAC se evaluaron mediante los ensayos de flujo de asentamiento con cono de Abrams, caja en L y embudo en V. Los resultados muestran que el RM presenta actividad puzolánica y puede ser empleado como MCS. El CAC elaborado con RM presentó buen comportamiento en términos de autocompactabilidad; sin embargo, el RM, al presentar baja reactividad a edades tempranas, mostró disminución en la resistencia a la compresión en forma directamente proporcional al porcentaje de reemplazo.
Análisis exergoeconómico de un ciclo de refrigeración por compresión de vapor incluyendo el costo de imputación por la formación del residuo
Authors: Hernández Mora Israel Eliú , Lugo Leyte Raúl , Bonilla Blancas Angélica Elizabeth , López Arenas Teresa , Lugo Méndez Helen Denisse , SALAZAR PEREYRA Martin
Published: April 2019

En este trabajo se realiza un análisis exergoeconómico a un sistema de refrigeración por compresión de vapor con R134a. Se plantea la estructura productiva y se obtienen los modelos matemáticos de los costos exergéticos y exergoeconómicos con y sin imputación del costo del residuo a los equipos. Se hace un análisis paramétrico para evaluar los costos de operación exergéticos y exergoeconómicos, el coeficiente de operación y la eficiencia exergética en función de la temperatura ambiente, la temperatura de refrigeración, la eficiencia de compresión isoentrópica y la potencia frigorífica. Los resultados muestran que al comparar los costos de operación del producto del sistema, considerando el análisis con imputación del costo del residuo, éstos aumentan 56.8 %; así mismo, los costos de operación se incrementan en mayor proporción con la temperatura ambiente que con la variación de la temperatura de refrigeración considerando como objetivo productivo la producción del frío.
Estimación del balance hídrico de la región Pacífica Colombiana
Authors: Velásquez Restrepo Manuela , Poveda Jaramillo Germán
Published: April 2019

Mediante la ecuación de balance hídrico superficial se estima la escorrentía media anual en la zona continental del dominio geográfico de Centro América para el programa Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) y se validan los resultados en los principales ríos de la región del Pacífico Colombiano: Atrato, San Juan, Baudó, Patía y Mira, usando los registros de caudales medios mensuales de las estaciones hidrológicas del Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM), así como los caudales reportados en el Estudio Nacional del Agua. Para la estimación de los campos de precipitación se usa información de Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) y Climate Hazard group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS), para la evapotranspiración real se usa información del Max Planck Institute (MPI), así como los métodos de Choudhury y Budyko partiendo de información de evapotranspiración potencial del Climatic Research Unit (CRU). Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que sobre la región de estudio se presentan un cierre casi perfecto en la ecuación de balance hídrico en los ríos Atrato y Baudó, con errores del orden de 10-20%, en contraste la cuenca del Río Mira presenta errores del orden de 40%.
Optimal joint RAN selection and resource allocation strategy in HetNet under Co-channel and user centric deployment
Authors: Montoya Juan Carlos , Gaviria Natalia
Published: April 2019

In this article, a joint Radio Access Network selection strategy and a sub-channel resource allocation scheme are introduced, where the downlink of a two-tier HetNet system is deployed in a co-channel deployment. With this scenario in mind, a Semi Markovian Decision Process based-model is proposed to find an optimal policy for user association the channel allocation, where the long-term expected reward is maximized. For the proposed strategy, the sub-channel allocation is only considered for those new and handoff petitions that potentially can be allocated in one of the SCs. In addition, with the aim to contribute to the enhancement of the overall usage of radio resources, a traffic offloading process is considered at the departure of the sessions. In order to motivate the session offloading from the MC to the SCs at departure times, we have defined that two sub-channels will be allocated in the SC for each offloaded session. Analytical results quantify and show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Estudio teórico, numérico y experimental de la intercambiabilidad del gas natural en Antioquia
Authors: Uribe Edwin Yair , Herrera Munera Bernardo Argemiro , Bedoya Caro Ivan Dario
Published: April 2019

Se determinaron los límites operativos de intercambiabilidad con gas natural proveniente de distintas fuentes, de tal manera que no se afecte las propiedades físicas de los equipos de combustión ya instalados y se garantice un flujo de combustible eficiente y seguro. Se estudiaron las mezclas de gas natural recibidas en Antioquia (Colombia) entre 2011-2015. obteniendo mezclas representativas de acuerdo a la clasificación de poder calorífico (PCS) alto, medio y bajo. Se calcularon las propiedades relacionadas con la intercambiabilidad utilizando el mecanismo GRIMECH 3.0. La velocidad de combustión laminar se calculó mediante simulación numérica y se midió utilizando la técnica Schlieren.Los índices de intercambiabilidad se validaron experimentalmente y se encontró que la intercambiabilidad no excede el 5,5% en comparación con el gas base. Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que no es necesario ajustar los diseños de los equipos de combustión cuando se utilizan estas mezclas.
Implementation of a holistic CSR method with regional scope
Authors: Niño-Muñoz Diana , Galán-Barrera Javier , Álamo Pablo
Published: April 2019

This research paper applies a holistic solution to successfully cope with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) needs in a traditional university in Colombia. The suggested methodology follows a humanistic approach and strategically identifies and prioritizes available opportunities for this university within a territory, considering it is present in several regions. The most important conclusion of this work is that the proposed methodology presents an efficient way to design a CSR strategy for a private higher education institution; although we assume it can be easily replicated in other organizations. In consequence, this proposal contributes to the achievement of human development objectives in a specific geographical area. This is important in the Colombian context because of the current efforts to achieve peace and development for the country.
Quisiera que me explicara el subjuntivo. Actitudes y percepciones de hablantes de herencia de español en el contexto de estudios en el extranjero
Authors: Cabal Jiménez Munia
Published: April 2019

Este estudio analiza las percepciones de hablantes de herencia acerca de su propia variedad y sus actitudes y percepciones en el contexto de estudios en el exterior. Se analizan y contrastan las percepciones de hablantes de herencia que participan en un programa en España, por un período de tres meses, versus un grupo que participa en un programa en Costa Rica por un mes. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar, si después de haber participado en programas de estudio de lengua española en estos países, la experiencia impacta o modifica la percepción y comprensión sobre su español de herencia y, si diverge, en cuál parámetro. Los participantes son todos de la región del Medio Oeste, Estados Unidos (particularmente de Illinois), nacidos en los Estados Unidos y mayormente de origen mexicano. Los datos se recogen a través de un cuestionario aplicado via Qualtrics o personal que contiene veinticuatro preguntas en torno al perfil y bagaje del estudiante antes de dirigirse al programa de estudios en el extranjero, percepciones y reacciones durante los exámenes de ubicación escritos y orales, y su propia valoración después del programa. Las preguntas se circunscriben al ámbito académico en el país de inmersión.

Palabras clave: estudios en el extranjero, hablantes de herencia, español, actitudes, percepciones.
Notas sobre los elementos léxicos hispánicos de fecha reciente en rumano
Authors: Nica Iulia
Published: April 2019

El contacto entre el rumano y el español se ha intensificado en el período postcomunista, de mano con las nuevas realidades socio-políticas de Rumanía y la migración endémica hacia España. En este artículo, se analiza un inventario léxico hispánico de fecha reciente en el rumano intraterritorial, extraído de varios diccionarios, y se señalan algunos fenómenos más llamativos. Palabras clave: rumano, español, contacto lingüístico, préstamo.
Modos de escucha en música y en psicoanálisis
Authors: Picún Fuentes Olga , Fernández Caraballo Ana María
Published: April 2019

En la larga historia de la música occidental, cuyo antecedente directo se suele ubicar en la antigua Grecia, el oyente y la escucha han experimentado múltiples cambios. La ley que rige un modo de escuchar no se encuentra por fuera de determinaciones históricas, políticas y sociales que exceden el campo específicamente musical. No obstante, las transformaciones musicales resultan ineludibles para aproximarse a una comprensión de los cambios que se producen en el oyente y en el acto de oír una obra musical.

¿De qué manera ha sido tratada la música por parte de Freud y por parte de Lacan? ¿Cuál es el interés que puede suscitar para el psicoanálisis las dimensiones sonoras en sus diferentes tratamientos? ¿De qué modo se producen las transformaciones sonoras en el modernismo y cómo afectan la escucha? ¿Qué relaciones se pueden establecer entre dichas transformaciones y el psicoanálisis?

Palabras clave: consonancias, disonancias, música, psicoanálisis.
Variation and stability of the advanced bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under various environment conditions in Trakia region
Authors: Öztürk İ. , Kahraman T. , Avcı R. , Şen A. , Kılıç T.H.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Various environmental conditions can cause some biotic and abiotic stress factors and reduce yield and quality of wheat. This research was carried out to determine the effect of the environmental conditions on yield, some agronomic, and leaf rust disease of the bread wheat genotypes in four different locations in Trakia region, Turkey. The experiment was established with 25 genotypes in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications in 2008-2009 cycles. Grain yield, days to heading and maturity, plant height, lodging resistance, leaf rust and relationship among characters were investigated. The temperature and rainfall were scored at GS24-33, GS34-43, GS45-75 and GS77-89 growth stages and compared with the investigated traits. According to the results, significant differences among locations and some investigated parameters were found based on rainfall and temperature with yield and other investigated traits. The mean yield of the genotypes was 5851 kg ha-1, and CMSW97WM518S-12 had the highest yield with 6601 kg ha-1. Tekirdağ was the highest yielding location with 7022 kg ha-1, followed by Edirne (5808 kg ha-1) and Kırklareli (5754 kg ha-1. Due to various environment conditions infection of the leaf rust varied and there were differences among locations. Cultivar Aldane and three lines were resistant to leaf rust. Positive relation between yield with plant height and lodging resistance was found and this means that genotypes which have tall plant had higher yield potential. Rainfall at GS24-33 (r= 0.855) and GS34-43 (r= 0.911*) had a significant and positive effect on grain yield. Increase of temperature during the shooting, heading and grain filling period decreased grain yield, so negative association between grain yield and temperature at GS34-43 (r= -0.761), GS45-75 (r= -0.635) and GS77-89 (r= -0.815) was found. The overall evaluation suggested that increase of temperature from shooting up to grain filling decreased the grain yield duration of the maturating stage. Rainfall during the vegetative growth phase increased grain yield and biomass of plant of genotypes.
Antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of fifteen Bulgarian plants
Authors: Solak A. , Dyankova S.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Analyses were performed of the antimicrobial activity of 15 herbs and spices (lemongrass, sour cherry, horseradish, ginger, St. John's wort, common centaury, fig, clove, rose geranium, dill, rosemary, oregano, savory, smoketree and wild thyme) widely spread and used in Bulgaria and of some combinations thereof by the agar disk diffusion method. Total phenol content was the highest in the smoketree extract (43.80±1.50 GAE/ml), followed by rosemary (27.80±1.20 GAE/ml), clove (25.17±0.26 GAE/ml), wild thyme (24.83±1.20 GAE/ml), and oregano (23.50±2.00 GAE/ml) extracts. It was established that ethanol extracts of many tested plants showed inhibitory action against S. aureus and E. coli. The most potent effect was observed with extracts of St. John’s wort, smoketree and clove. With combination of plant extracts, very good results were demonstrated in mixtures of St. John’s wort with wild thyme, with savory and with clove. The said extracts may be used as active constituents in biopolymer matrices for development of functional antimicrobial films needed for food and pharmaceutical industries.
Characterization of multilayer films based on recycled high density polyethylene (HDPE) using methods of ir-spectroscopy
Authors: Georgieva Krasimira , Denev Yordan , Todorov Nikola
Published: April 2019

The spectra in middle IR-region of common polymers obtain different characteristic bands which can be analyzed for proper characterization and identification of single polymers in polymer mixture. In the present work the results of multilayer polymer films based on recycled high density polyethylene (HDPE) characterization are presented. The main technological problem in the secondary processing of HDPE is determination of the polymer degradation degree. The most suitable region in the IR-region is between 1850 – 1630 cm-1, where the carbonyl group displays bands related to the oxidation processes of polyolefins. All IR-spectra have weak absorption in this region which proves the oxidation processes in macromolecular chains. The carbonyl index of the studied films is calculated too. It is proved that the recycling process of HDPE is insignificantly related to its stability, macromolecular characteristics and possibility for secondary processing. The results of present study show a perspective possibility for utilization of huge amounts of waste HDPE as main component in multilayer films with good characteristics, suitable for packaging purposes of foods.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESTORATION OF SOIL FERTILITY THROUGH METHODS OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE IN THE YAMBOL AGROREGION
Authors: Vateva Violeta
Published: April 2019

The quality and quantity of agricultural production depend on the fertility of the soil type on which it is grown. Soil fertility is the result of the interaction of multiple mutually merged factors. Loss of soil fertility leads to soil degradation. Subsequently, it gradually becomes unfit for farming activity. Controlling the maintenance and enhancement of soil fertility is the guarantor of sustainable yields and population satisfaction with food resources, protecting land from degradation, and preserving biodiversity of ecosystems.
The report examines the opportunities for restoration of the soil fertility of the agricultural lands of the Yambol Agro region. The aim is to analyze and propose for practice the most suitable methods of organic farming, with the application of which to preserve and improve the fertility of soils from the agricultural fund of the region. The proposed options are in line with the requirements of the European Union and the elements of the Common Agricultural Policy for Conservation of Soil Fertility. As a result of analysis and studies found that the preservation and maintenance of soil fertility in agricultural land in Yambol agroregion is recognized and priority policy of the departments of Agriculture and farmers. From soil fertility conservation methods, organic farmers in Yambol Agro region apply a comprehensive approach, focusing primarily on bio-fertilization, crop rotation and sequential soil treatment systems.
The mortal cause of sudden ECG changes in patients with chronic aortic insufficiency: Aortic dissection
Authors: Yesin Mahmut , Karabağ Turgut , Kalçık Macit , Karakoyun Süleyman , Çağdaş Metin , İbrahimov Zaur
Published: April 2019

The symptoms of aortic dissection (AD) may be highly variable and may mimic other much common conditions. Thus, a high index of suspicion should be maintaned, especially when the risk factors for AD are present or signs and symptoms suggest this possibility. However, sometimes AD may be asymptomatic or progression may be subclinical. Various electrocardiographical (ECG) changes may be seen in AD patients such as ST segment elevation in aVR as well as ST segment depression and T-wave inversion. In this case report, we reported a patient with acute AD whose ECG revealed ST segment elevation in aVR lead in addition to diffuse ST segment depression in other leads.
8-Oxo-2'-Deoxyguanosine - Biomarker, Signal Molecule, Potential Pharmaceutical Agent
Authors: Marmiy Natalya , Esipov Dmitriy
Published: April 2019

The study is devoted to 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), which is used as a biomarker of oxidative damage to DNA and its associated diseases. The study is based on the hypothesis put forward by the authors about the ability of 8-oxo-dG, which is the main product of DNA oxidation, to act as a signal molecule that activates cell resistance to nonspecific stress and DNA repair. In addition to studying the molecular mechanisms of the action of 8-oxo-dG, the authors have carried out an investigation of the effects that they caused on the organism level.