bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vakıflar Hangi Statüde Bir İdarî Yapı İle Yönetilmelidir?
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Nazif
Published: July 2019

Bu yazıda, “Vakıflar Hangi Statüde Bir İdarî Yapı ile Yönetilmelidir?” Sualine cevap aranmaktadır. Anadolu coğrafyasının bin yıllık sosyal mirasını temsil eden vakıf müessesesinin, iki asırdır merkeziyetçi oligarşinin bürokratik sınırları içerisinde yaşadığı sıkıntılar, uygulamalardan hareketle somut arşiv belgelerine dayalı olarak ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Vakıflar batılılaşma ve yenileşme dönemine kadar, günümüz gelişmiş ülkelerinde olduğu gibi kurucularının belirlediği vakfiye şartlarına, serbest ekonomi kurallarına ve yerinden yönetim esaslarına göre, bağımsız bir şekilde idare ediliyordu. Haricî çevrelerden telkin edilen merkeziyetçi yönetim anlayışı ile dağınık vaziyette olan evkâf yönetiminin tek elde toplanması, vakıfların ekonomik imkân ve potansiyelinden devletin diğer sektörlerinde yararlanma fikri, dinî çevrelerin nüfuzunu kırma düşüncesi ve Batılı dostları memnun etme eğilimleri doğrultusunda vakıflar, 1826 tarihinde kabineye dâhil Evkâf-ı Hümâyûn Nezâreti çatısı altında toplanmıştır. Vakıf akar gelirlerinin diğer alanlara aktarılması sebebiyle tarihî vakıf hayrat eserlerin bakım ve onarımları yapılamamış, sivil toplum eliyle gerçekleştirilen hizmetler durma noktasına gelmiştir. Yaşanan bu olumsuzlukları ortadan kaldırmak ve vakıflar için tarafların hak ve menfaatlerini gözetecek teşkilat yapısını tespit etmek amacıyla II. Meşrutiyet yıllarından itibaren birincisi Osmanlı, dördü Cumhuriyet döneminde olmak üzere beş kez teşebbüste bulunulmuş, fakat arzu edilen bir neticeye ulaşılamamıştır.
Nakid Para Vakfı İle İlgili Çivi-zâde’nin Ebussu‘ûd’a Yazdığı Reddiye Risâlesi
Authors: AKGÜNDÜZ Ahmet
Published: July 2019

Bu makale, Ebussuʻûd Efendi ve Çivi-zâde arasındaki para vakıfları hakkındaki tartışmaları incelemekle ilgilidir. Para vakıflarının arşiv kaynakları oldukça zengindir; ancak, bu konu henüz yeterince araştırılmamış olduğundan, tarihte ortaya çıkışı ve gelişmesi hakkındaki akademik yayınlar henüz tatmin edici bir şekilde sunulmamıştır. Para vakıfları Osmanlı toplumuna sui-generis idi.İslâm hukuku açısından bakıldığında, vakıf, “bir malı habs ve menfaatini tahsis” olarak tanımlanabilir; çünkü bu haktan faydalanıcılığı ve hayırseverliği temsil eden bir hedefin yararına kesintisiz olarak sunulmalı ve tüketilmemelidir. Bu tanıma göre, varlıkların faydası kesilmeden devam ederse tam vakıf olur. Menkûl malların ve hele de hemen tüketilebilen nakit paranın vakıf yapılması bu sebeple tartışmalıdır. Bundan dolayı, Ebussuʻûd Efendi, İmam Muhammed’in görüşüne göre menkûlün vakf edilmesini yorumlayarak, nakid para vakfının câiz olduğunu savunmuştur. Fakat Çivi-zâde’ye göre, vakfın konusunun para olması halinde tüketilmesi söz konusu olduğundan vakıf olması da mümkün değildir. Bu sebeple, İslâm hukukunda buna izin verilmez. Çivi-zâde, Ebussuʻûd’un görüşlerini müstakil bir Risâle’de ele almış ve Ebussuʻûd’un yorumlarını reddetmiştir. İşte makalemizin konusu bu Risâle olacaktır.
A rede urbana da Região dos Vales – RS: O papel das cidades médias de Santa Cruz do Sul e Lajeado
Authors: Faccin Carolina Rezende , Giacometti Nicolas Billig de , Silveira Rogério Leandro Lima da , Brandt Grazielle Betina
Published: July 2019

A dinâmica da rede urbana regional e a importância de suas cidades médias podem ser analisadas através de distintos elementos e fluxos no território. Um deles decorre da dinâmica populacional regional. Desse modo, pretende-se analisar a importância e o poder de centralização e de articulação das cidades médias de Santa Cruz do Sul e de Lajeado no território da Região dos Vales, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, através de dados relativos a fluxos de pessoas. Também pretende-se analisar o papel dessas cidades médias para o equilíbrio da rede urbana regional, verificando se elas atraem investimentos e mão de obra para si e para os demais municípios da sua região de influência e da rede urbana regional, ou se estão concentrando os investimentos e a população regional. Para isso, foram utilizados dados do Censo Demográfico de 1991, 2000 e 2010, além de dados da pesquisa Regiões de Influência das Cidades (REGIC), de 2007, elaborados pelo IBGE. Os dados coletados confirmam a centralidade de Santa Cruz do Sul e Lajeado e evidenciam uma situação de crescimento desequilibrado da rede urbana regional.
El duelo de la muerte en la etapa de la adolescencia
Authors: Gallego Tena Antonia , Isidro de Pedro Ana Isabel
Published: July 2019

En nuestra sociedad, la muerte no es un tema que se aborde desde el punto de vista educativo, formal o no formal. Incluso se puede afirmar que es uno de los asuntos más tabuizados en nuestra sociedad. Paradójicamente, es una realidad absolutamente irremisible y, por el contrario, se obvia y rechaza psicológica y socialmente. La negatividad y el miedo bloquean un enfoque normalizado y relegamos un abordaje sano y preparatorio hasta que es ineludible por haberse producido el deceso de una persona cercana. Y en ese momento, inevitable, enfrentamos y manejamos la realidad estresante y dolorosa de la muerte y el duelo como buenamente somos capaces. Esto es especialmente significativo en la etapa de la adolescencia, un periodo vital decisivo de continuos cambios físicos, psicológicos y conductuales. En esta línea, el presente trabajo aborda la cuestión del proceso de duelo y la necesidad de una educación para la muerte en esta etapa evolutiva. Concretamente, pretende analizar, desde una metodología cuantitativa de tipo descriptivo, el concepto, sentimientos y actitudes que tienen los adolescentes con respecto a la muerte de un familiar o amigo. Así, se diseñó un cuestionario ad hoc, conformado por 14 ítems que combinan preguntas cerradas y abiertas. Se aplicó a una muestra de n=70 adolescentes, de edades comprendidas entre 12 y 17 años. La mayoría de los sujetos de la muestra han vivido una experiencia relativamente cercana de duelo y muerte y tan solo un 4,29% no han sufrido la muerte de un familiar o amigo próximo. Los resultados revelan que los sentimientos experimentados son abrumadoramente negativos, expresándolo así a familiares y amigos, aunque no siempre de la misma forma a ambos grupos. Por su parte, mayoritariamente llevan a efecto distintas conductas de despedida que inician el duelo y, en general, manifiestan haber podido superar las distintas etapas de éste.
Estudio de las tendencias paranoides
Authors: Encinas Martín Isaac
Published: July 2019

En la actualidad se está haciendo hincapié en fomentar el apego en la primera infancia. Qué duda cabe que es muy importante dicha acción, pero no debemos olvidar que el ser humano a lo largo de su vida pasa por distintas etapas que son evolutivas y bien es verdad que en las mismas observamos que las características fundamentales para que se den hay que dejarlas y tienen sus consecuencias. La consecuencia del apego es que, para permitir la evolución del bebé, este deja la etapa de simbiosis con la madre a través de tendencias paranoides. Consideramos que es importante conocer y saber interpretar los miedos y rabias del niño para su evolución adecuada, así como las tendencias asociadas a las mismas.
Las altas capacidades. Estudio de caso
Authors: Secanilla Esther
Published: July 2019

Partiendo de que la atención a la diversidad incluye la atención a todos y todas, las altas capacidades debieran tenerse en cuenta, visibilizarse, diagnosticarse y atenderse ofreciendo respuestas ajustadas a las necesidades de estas personas. Es necesaria la detección que facilitará la planificación e implementación de recursos, soportes y programas de intervención educativa que nos permitirán ofrecer tanto una adecuada calidad de atención educativa como el bienestar personal y social de los alumnos de altas capacidades. En este artículo se presenta el estudio de un caso único, su diagnóstico y posibles vías de actuación, así como estrategias complementarias a las que se utilizaron que permitan mejorar las acciones psicoeducativas necesarias.
Demencia frontotemporal: programa de intervención psicológica en afasia progresiva primaria fluente
Authors: Gómez García Cristina , Pérez Lancho Mª Cruz
Published: July 2019

La Demencia Frontotemporal (DFT) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa que carece de tratamiento curativo en la actualidad. La prevalencia de este síndrome es menor que otras demencias como la Enfermedad de Alzheimer, pero constituye la segunda causa de demencia en población no anciana. En la DFT se distingue una variante frontal cuyos síntomas son puramente conductuales y tres variantes de Afasia Progresiva Primaria (APP) que se caracterizan por afectación en el lenguaje. En concreto, la variante fluente o semántica de la APP constituye un 20% de los casos de DFT, y los síntomas principales que presentan estos pacientes, están relacionados con dificultad para acceder al significado de las palabras, así como al significante de las mismas. Esta enfermedad se describe como un declive gradual de la memoria semántica, mientras que otros procesos cognitivos aparecen relativamente conservados, al menos en las primeras fases de la enfermedad. La vida diaria de estos pacientes tiene grandes limitaciones que a su vez comprometen la vida diaria de sus familiares y cuidadores. Con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas afectadas por APP en su variante fluente o semántica, se presenta una propuesta de intervención formada por 12 sesiones de estimulación cognitiva. Dicha propuesta está dirigida a estimular las funciones del lenguaje, sin olvidar otros dominios cognitivos. Antes y después de implementar el programa debe realizarse una evaluación de las capacidades cognitivas de la persona, para poder comprobar la evolución del paciente. Por último, se presentan algunas recomendaciones importantes para el asesoramiento y apoyo de los familiares y cuidadores.
The Right to be Granted Access over the Property of Others in Order to Enter Prospecting or Mining Areas: Revisiting Joubert v Maranda Mining Company (PTY) LTD [2009] 4 ALL SA 127 (SCA)
Authors: Van der Schyff Elmarie
Published: July 2019

A new mineral law regime was introduced when the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 (MPRDA) commenced. Common law mineral rights were abolished and replaced by statutorily created rights to minerals. Prospecting rights and mining rights granted in terms of the MPRDA entitle their holders, amongst other things, to enter the designated prospecting or mining area in order to commence with and conduct prospecting or mining activities. This contribution focusses on the question whether the entitlement to "enter" the land to which a specific prospecting or mining right relates automatically includes the ancillary right to be granted access over the property of others in order to enter the designated prospecting or mining area. It is important to determine the source or origin of the right to access in the new regime and to differentiate between "access" and "entry". It would not be just or justifiable summarily to accept that legal principles that developed under a completely different regime apply unchanged in a new regime.
Propuesta de herramienta para la integración de BIM a la toma decisiones financieras en proyectos de construcción
Authors: Prieto-Tibaduiza Wilson Andrés , Rocha-Vega Sebastián Mauricio , Julián Páez Holmes Julián , Lozano-Ramírez Natalia E
Published: July 2019

Las decisiones cruciales en proyectos de construcción se toman en sus etapas iniciales. Además, una correcta planeación determina el éxito o fracaso de la ejecución, operación y mantenimiento de este tipo de proyectos. Con la metodología conocida como Building Information Modeling (BIM) es posible mejorar el resultado de la planeación mediante la implementación de modelos digitales en la toma de decisiones. En la presente investigación se propone una herramienta computacional que apoya la toma de decisiones financieras en la etapa de factibilidad integrando flujos de caja y modelos 4D. Esta herramienta permite mejorar la eficiencia de la planeación incrementando la precisión de los resultados de los indicadores de bondad económica que se analizan para la ejecución de proyectos de construcción.
Nakayama Automorphism of Some Skew PBW Extensions
Authors: Suárez Héctor , Reyes Armando
Published: July 2019

Let R be an Artin-Schelter regular algebra and A=σ(R)〈x1,...,xn〉be agraded quasi-commutative skew PBW extension overR. In this paper wedescribe the Nakayama automorphism ofAusing the Nakayama automor-phism of the ring of coefficients R. We calculate explicitly the Nakayamaautomorphism of some skew PBW extensions.
Secado por atomización de bacterias ácido lácticas: una revisión
Authors: Vera Peña Madalyd Yurani , Cortés Rodríguez Misael , Valencia-García Francia Elena
Published: July 2019

Las bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) son microorganismos que se utilizan como cultivos iniciadores o probióticos, los cuales son de interés en la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica. La preservación de las BAL por diferentes métodos de secado es un tema que ha cobrado interés debido al aumento en la demanda de estos microorganismos. El secado por atomización es un método eficaz que permite obtener productos a bajo costo, con relación al secado por liofilización el cual es comúnmente utilizado para estos microorganismos. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es presentar de forma organizada los artículos científicos que han sido publicados en procesos de secado por atomización empleando bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL). La metodología utilizada en la búsqueda y selección de los artículos brinda una exploración durante el periodo 2009- 2019. Los resultados de los diferentes artículos consultados se compararon estableciendo las similitudes metodológicas, se discuten los principales microorganismos estudiados, así como los agentes protectores empleados para mejorar la viabilidad durante el secado por atomización, las condiciones y escala de los equipos de secado por atomización y finalmente las características de los productos secos obtenidos. La información aquí compilada brinda unabase para ajustar la metodología de trabajo cuando se propongan procesos de secado por atomización para BAL.
Peculiarities of Fencers’ Recovery in Pre-Сompetition Period When Using Foam Roller Massage
Authors: Kriventsova I. V. , Pashkevych S. A.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of foam rolling on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and the recovery of fencers’ technical and tactical qualities during a pre-competition period.
Materials and methods. The study participants were male fencers (n = 12), SC “Unifeht”, aged 18.77 ± 2.55 years (6 – experimental group (EG), 6 – control group (CG)). The study lasted for two weeks of the pre-competition period. The CG fencers performed a self-myofascial release using a foam roller (BLACKROLL) for 20 minutes five times a week. The EG athletes were given partial restorative massage using a foam roller (10 + 10 minutes) five times a week. To assess the effectiveness of massage treatments, the study subjectively evaluated delayed onset muscle soreness, evaluated the impact of pain on daily life and changes in the parameters of the fencers’ technical and tactical qualities. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r) was used to roughly estimate the causal relationship between the existing factor and the emergence of the effect. The study compared original characteristics of the groups, using Mann-Whitney tests to compare the distribution of ordinal variables, Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests (linked samples). A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was carried out to estimate the impact of existing factors.
Results. For two weeks of using a restorative massage and myofascial release, the study observed a significant increase in the parameters of the fencers’ technical and tactical qualities and a reduction in subjective pain in both groups (p < 0.05). However, the EG athletes had a more positive subjective assessment of delayed onset muscle soreness at the time of survey than the CG members (0.2 ± 0.1 points in comparison with 1.5 ± 0.4; p < 0.05) and a more significant reduction of the impact of pain on daily life (scales of walking ability, normal work at home and outside the home, sleep, p < 0.05). At the same time, in two of the three tests that characterized the fencers’ technical and tactical qualities, the results were significantly higher in the EG (test exercise with thrust: 89.9 ± 2.8% in the CG in comparison with 98.6 ± 4.1% in the EG, and the test exercise with the coach’s occasional task: 88.2 ± 2.1% in the CG in comparison with 95.4 ± 3.8% in the EG, p < 0.05).
Conclusions. Massage treatments and self-myofascial release reduce the level of delayed onset muscle soreness, improve the recovery of technical and tactical qualities of fencers and reduce the impact of pain on daily life. The study has proved that foam rolling is effective in fencers’ recovery. This massage technique is relatively accessible, simple and it greatly facilitates a massage therapist’s work.
Study of the Technical Training System of Young Athletes
Authors: Koryahin V. , Blavt O.
Published: July 2019

The study objective is the to investigate the dynamics of technical preparedness of basketball players at different stages of their training and the systems of time distribution for its preparation in young basketball players in the process of a long-term training.

Materials and methods.The analysis of the literature and the summarizing of the practical experience of basketball coaches and skills generalization. The existing programs and the system of training basketball players of all ages have been analyzed. Young basketball players aged 11-17 years have been tested.

Results.The study results have revealed that the effectiveness of the system of the long-term training of basketball players will improve significantly, if it is conducted taking into account a scientifically based strategy of age peculiarities of sportsmen and taking into consideration model characteristics at all stages of sport improvement.

Conclusions.The existing programs and training systems do not sufficiently take into account the importance of technical skills in basketball. The age peculiarities of the development of young basketball players are not taken into account.The identified level of technical preparedness of basketball players of all ages confirms the need to revise the training system in terms of increasing the role of mastering skills of the game technique at stages from 11 to 17 years old.
Effect of Motor Ability and Self-Confidence on Triple Jump Skills in Youth Aged 18–20: Path Analysis Study Among Students at University College
Authors: Pardilla Herli , Hanif Achmad Sofyan , Humaid Hidayat , Dlis Firmansyah , Henjilito Raffly , Jufrianis M.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of motor skills and self-confidence on triple jump skills.

Materials and methods. The study participants (n = 41) were male college students aged 18–20 years. Regression analysis (path analysis) was used to analyze the interrelationship between motor skills variable variables, self-confidence (exogenous variables) and triple jump skills (endogenous variables).

Results. The analysis indicated that there is an influence of motor skills towards triple jump skills with = (r ≥ 0.711; p < 0.000; significant) and a linear determination coefficient (R2 ≥ 0.506) contributing 50.60%. There is an influence of self-confidence on triple jump skills with = (r ≥ 0.707, p < 0.000; significant) and a linear determination coefficient (R2 ≥ 0.50) contributing 50.00%. There is an influence of motor skills on self-confidence with = (r ≥ 0.693, p < 0.000; significant) and a linear determination coefficient (R2 ≥ 0.480) contributing 48.00%. There is an influence of motor skills and self-confidence on triple jump skills with = (r ≥ 0.771, p < 0.000; significant) and a linear determination coefficient (R2 ≥0.594; p < 0.005; significant), the total exogenous variable contribution is 59.40%.

Conclusions. Motor skills and self-confidence must be considered by educators or trainers during the training process. Good motor skills and high self-confidence will affect triple jump skills.
UP: IO: Small protocol with all content PikaPoka 3983 9898 v1
Authors: Darja Darja
Published: July 2019

Protocol Repository and Exporting Once protocols are created, they can be exported for use in other sciNote projects and/or copied directly to the sciNote Protocol Repository, where they are versioned and accessible to designated users. Exporting a Protocol Exporting a protocol saves it in a place of your choosing as a proprietary ".eln" file, which can be opened by sciNote. It is useful if you want to share it with other sciNote users specifically (the repository only allows you to designate access to either all other users or no other users), especially if they are not users of your particular sciNote app.
UP: IO: Small protocol with all content PikaPoka 3983 9898 two step v1
Authors: Darja Darja
Published: July 2019

Protocol Repository and Exporting Once protocols are created, they can be exported for use in other sciNote projects and/or copied directly to the sciNote Protocol Repository, where they are versioned and accessible to designated users. Exporting a Protocol Exporting a protocol saves it in a place of your choosing as a proprietary ".eln" file, which can be opened by sciNote. It is useful if you want to share it with other sciNote users specifically (the repository only allows you to designate access to either all other users or no other users), especially if they are not users of your particular sciNote app.
A step-by-step beginner’s protocol for whole genome sequencing of human bacterial pathogens v1
Authors: Gautam Sanjay , KC Rajendra , WC Leong Kelvin , Mac Aogáin Micheál , F. O’Toole Ronan
Published: July 2019

Bacterial whole genome sequencing (WGS) is becoming a widely-used technique in research, clinical diagnostic, and public health laboratories. It enables high resolution characterization of bacterial pathogens in terms of properties that include antibiotic resistance, molecular epidemiology, and virulence. The introduction of next-generation sequencing instrumentation has made WGS attainable in terms of costs. However, the lack of a beginner’s protocol for WGS still represents a barrier to its adoption in some settings. Here, we present detailed step-by-step methods for obtaining WGS data from a range of different bacteria (Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and acid-fast) using the Illumina platform. Modifications have been performed with respect to DNA extraction and library normalization to maximize the output from the laboratory consumables invested. The protocol represents a simplified and reproducible method for producing high quality sequencing data. The key advantages of this protocol include simplicity of the protocol for users with no prior genome sequencing experience and reproducibility of the protocol across a wide range of bacteria.
ISLAMIC EDUCATION AND LIBERATION FROM FEUDALISM
Authors: Anwar Syaiful
Published: July 2019

This article aimed at describing Islamic Education strategies and functions in liberating humankind from feudalism. Islam Believes that everybody’s status is equal, one thing that makes him different is his piety. There are Three harmonious relationships can be identified; those are the relationship between human being and God “Allah SWT” (Habblun min Allah, theological aspect), between human being and other human being (Hablun min al-nas, athropo-sociological aspect), and between human being and the natural environment (Hablun min al-‘alam, cosmological aspect). These harmonious relationships are the manifestation of perfect faithfulness of a Muslim to Allah SWT.In the religious dimension, the main purpose of Islam is to develop awareness and understanding about the meaning and of human’s life in relation to God. Meanwhile, in terms of social dimension, the purpose of Islamic Education is to develop understanding of harmonious relationship, either between human beings or between human being with the environment. In this context, human beings hold the responsibility for restraining a society from obstinacy, inanity, and anarchism. In this respect, the concept of liberalism in Islamic Education is to place teachers and students in a harmonious relationship. This relationship is to create learning atmosphere which is based on the principle of democratic and two-way relationship.
EDUCATION IN ANCIENT INDONESIA CULTURE (700-1700)
Authors: Kasdi Aminuddin
Published: July 2019

Within 1359-1364, Hayam Wuruk did a quest monitoring Majapahit, either to the east side, or the west side. From the many objects he visited, in addition to visiting authorities and local villagers, he also visited religious sacred places. Prapanca, who worked as Dharmadyaksa ring Kasogatan was one of the higher authorities in the kingdom who followed him (Pigeaude, 1963, IV, 150-153). The king’s quest was also followed by many authorities, and they were certainly intellectual prominent figures in their era. The position of saptopapati, for instance, was occupied by those who were entitled to as pangei or sanget. The term was derived from the root words of (V pgat) meaning: putus (Jw) mastery (Van Naerssen, 1933: 239-258). Furthermore, the terms of pgat is also defined by Van Nseassen as notable (Naerssen, 1933: 239-258). Within various epigraphs, authority titled with pamget or samget was under the third position of kingdom higher authority: rakryan katrini, namely rakrayan kartini (three higher authority), rakrayan mamantri I Hino, Rakryan I halu, Rakryan I Siikan. Within Nagarakratagama, pupuh 68, the second syair noted :” … wanten bodda Mahayana pgat/rin tantra yogiswara … was an expert (Jw. Mumpuni) of Buddha mahyana’s lesson on Tantra and Yoga …” (Pigeadu, 1963: 52). The terms refer to educated people who have comprehensive and mastery knowledge, so that they can take a decision based on their expertise independently, either in the field of science or governmental problems. Accordingly, if they master their knowledge (Jw. Putusing ngilmu), they will have the authority to make decision towards a problem whenever they are needed. The question is: what kind of knowledge, how can they attain it, and where they learn it? In many sources it was known that one kind of education spread within the age was mandala. During his quest, Hayam Wuruk, for example visited mandala segara. The term mandaleng (mandala – ing) was also found in Serat Pararaton. This article focuses on studying education in ancient Indonesia.
MULTICULTURAL AND ETHNICITY HISTORY APPROACH TOWARDS NATIONAL INTEGRATION IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Seman Ahmad Ali
Published: July 2019

Integration is a process to create national identity in a society which is differs in culture, social matter, location that live in a political unit. The concept of national integration is actually a broad concept. From sociological perspective, the process of understanding can be explained as integration, as in political integration resulted from the efforts in cooperating and uniting the parties that have followers with various ideological background. The national integration process happens as the result of the needs to strengthen the harmony and security for a sovereign country. Malaysia, however, has taken several concrete steps to bridge the diversity in ideology, politics, economy, and social matter, along with the efforts towards educational system. History education had been made as the main choice in Malaysia in order to realize the goal of teaching political value as well as its importance. History also plays a role in improving socialization and awareness towards politics within the young generation, as well as strengthening nationalism as an important element to build a good citizenship. History education should be able to foster national integration and national development. The awareness towards historical heritage is important to foster group identity that later may form the sense of belonging, love, empathy and loyalty. The development on history education in Malaysia shows that the subject of history has been made as a bridge in achieving the above goal (KPM, 2003) namely to foster the loyalty and identity as the citizen of Malaysia and as the member of the world society. Multicultural perspective is important to be delivered in history education so that every ethnic will be pround and respected. Multiculturality and diversity should be considered as a potential to foster diversity into national integration. History may also build an understanding and respect as well as explores other ethnic cultures as to find similarities that can be accepted nationally to build tolerant and to prevent clash among ethnics in Malaysia in the future time.
SCAFFOLDING DEVELOPMENT MODEL IN METACOGNITIVELY-ORIENTED HISTORY TEACHING
Authors: Utomo Cahyo Budi
Published: July 2019

To establish a qualified history teaching-learning equipped with a good constructivistic nuance requires teachers’ knowledge towards teaching-learning process. Besides comprehending subject matter, chosen teaching model, classroom management, and teaching media, teachers also need to comprehend scaffolding. Teachers’ knowledge towards the importance of scaffolding in history teaching in senior high school level is an important thing to get a good history teaching quality. The scaffolding implementation model in history teaching was the aim of the research.The development towards the metacognitively-oriented scaffolding implementation model in this study was conducted using teacher questionnaire analyzed through SmartPLS. The hipotetical model proposed on the first phase was confirmed by teachers’ response data that generated theoretical model. The next analytical model was then developed through model optimizing phase.Findings of the study show that the optimal model was the suittest scaffolding implementation model in metacognitively-oriented history teaching. Based on the optimal model, the changes on metacognitive construct can be explained by 63.2% of students’ activity construct. The changes on students’ activity construct can be defined by 73.9% of the scaffolding implementation construct. The changes on scaffolding implementation construct can be defined by 46.69% of the scaffolding development effort construct and by 41.8% of scaffolding comprehension construct. The improvement of teachers’ ability in the context of scaffolding was suggested to be one of important considerartions in the implementation of scaffolding in metacognitively-oriented history teaching in the classroom.
HISTORY CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT MODEL TOWARDS NATION BUILDING OF MALAYSIA
Authors: Ahmad Abdul Razaq , Ayudin Ahmad Rafaai
Published: July 2019

Malaysia is a heterogenic country as the nation is formed by multiracial.  Thus, national stability and racial harmony are depending on how relationship among ethnics is enhanced and preserved in order to form a strong nation state.  The government is fully aware that educational institutions are the most important  disseminators of unity values in enhancing the nation of Malaysia.  Schools are the main disseminators through curriculum development and evaluation towards values of unity and national integration, in restoring understanding on the nation and the country.   The Curriculum Development Model is the foundation of the research proposal to serve as an implementation manual to inculcate values of unity through History Curriculum.  The implementation involves  five  relevant constructs  in defining curriculum, involving comprehensive efforts in providing  students education, which are: (1) textual contents (text books)  (2) pedagogical elements, (3) inculcation of values, (4) usage of teaching aids and (5) assessment. This research evaluates the relationship among the five constructs towards the elements of racial unity in establsihing the nation state of Malaysia, with the demise of prejudiced and racial gap.  The comprehensive curriculum empathizes on the importance of holistic unity components to ensure that the inculcation of values is successfully done through multiple dimensions.
LOCAL POLITIC DYNAMICS, NATION INTEGRATION AND HISTORY LEARNING CHALLENGE
Authors: Iskandar Israr
Published: July 2019

Even though it is not directly included in the history study material, local politic dynamics in regional autonomy era can also be a challenge for history study at pre-university level. Negative excess of regional autonomy policy implementation and politic development after “Orde Baru” era that is likely to challenge the effectiveness of nationalism and national country existence can be a special challenge for history study, and civic education in general. At one side, the comprehensive history teaching will develop contextual nationalism spirit to the youth but at the other side, the phenomenon of regional autonomy implementation and local politic dynamics in the reformation era will challenge the existence of the nationality spirit, due to the spirits emerged and strengthened are the ethnocentrism, ethnicity, social conflict, and separatism. Special strategy for history study at school will be necessary to overcome the issue.
THE UNITY OF INDONESIA
Authors: Narny Yenny
Published: July 2019

Since independence Indonesia’s military has played an active role in defending the territorial integrity of Indonesia. For example, the military has been used to put down rebellions in various regions, such as Darul Islam in West Java in 1948, the Acehnese rebellion that was led by Daud Beurueh in 1950, Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia (PRRI), the Revolutionary Government of the Indonesian Republic) in West Sumatra in 1958, and Piagam Perjuangan Semesta Alam (Permesta) Charter of Universal Struggle in North Sulawesi in 1958. Disagreements with central government policies were the cause of these rebellions since they were intended to change the central government, not to achieve separatism. In addition, in 1961 a military operation was used to support the claim of Indonesia to West Irian (now Papua). By carrying out a military operation and negotiating with those giving support from the United States, in 1969 Indonesia succeeded in its goal of claiming Papua as a part of Indonesia. The success in pulling Papua into Indonesia’s territory did not directly stop the military operation there because the military had to maintain order in the region to frustrate the Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM), Free Papuan Organisation, separatist movement that began in 1964 and continues to the present day
CONSTRUCTING ONLINE BASED HISTORY LEARNING: COMPARISON OF LEARNING CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LCMS) TO LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LMS)
Authors: Kamarga Hansiswany
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this paper is to find a comparison between the use of QuestGarden learning content management system and Edmodo learning management system in learning particularly for the teaching of history. Characteristics of history filled with facts mastery often make teacher forget the real purpose of history learning. The abundance of facts characteristics brought up in history teaching, so it often put history learning as facts mastery learning through rote learning activity. This writing attempt to lift other approach in history learning namely online based learning that was identified can improve the ability to think. The results show QuestGarden (LCMS) or Edmodo (LMS) can be implemented in the history teaching learning, though both have different characters and use. Teachers need to understand them so that they can implement it in a synergic position.
THE USE OF POKER AID IN DEPELOVING THINK PAIR SHARE MODEL TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ INTEREST IN LEARNING HISTORY
Authors: Nadjamuddin Lukman
Published: July 2019

The use of Poker Aid in developing Think Pair Share Model: an Effort of Improving senior high school Students’ Interest in Learning History in Palu. The research purpose is to find out the effective use of Poker Aid in developing Think Pair Share implementation in relation to the improvement of senior high school students’ learning interest in history in Palu. The reseach Method employed to develop the model is preceeded by investigation, design, realisation, validation, implementation, and followed by providing training, modelling, teaching and learning activities. After the three tryout in four schools, the students’ intrest showed an increased particularly in the indicators of 1). Seriousness, 2). Curiousity, showed by asking questions to friends, 3). Curiousity, showed by asking questions to teachers, 4). Respoding questions from teachers, 5). Providing feedbacks for teachers, 6). Not refusing presentation, 7). Not refusing being paired, 8). Enthusiasm during sharing activities, 9). Enthusiast to do presentation, and 10). Jotting down to the important lessons. The aspect of learning achievement also improved. In SMA Negeri 1, students’ mean score before tryout program was 74,89, and after the tryout program, increased to 87,65; In SMA Negeri 8, students’ mean score before tryout program was 64,44, and after the tryout program increased to 74,89; In SMA Karuna Dipa, students’ mean score before tryout program was 76,12, and after the tryout, it increased to 87,08; and in SMA PGRI 2 students’ mean score before tryout program was 63,32, and after the tryout program, it increased to 71,55.
THE HISTORY OF THE FRANKFURT SCHOOL FROM CRITICISM TO EMANCIPATION MOVEMENT
Authors: Fatah Damanhuri
Published: July 2019

This paper describes the modern society’s major basic idea which has been uphold by Frankfurt School, that is, the crisis of enlightenment, of art and culture, and of history. The school is trying to reunite concretely branches of knowledge in social sciences which have been broken down into pieces without sacrificing their good points. The school also intellectually and socially redefines Marxism in its period. The Frankfurt School of the first period was claimed to have been deadlock in taking part in solving the problem of modern world. The works of Karl Marx, Horkheimer, Adorno, as well as Herbert Marcuse are the severe criticisms on scientism and positivism. According to them, both have interfered modern society as uncovered in the instrumental and technological rationality. The critical tradition previously developed by Marx tried to uproot the hidden system in a certain ideology that had made the society’s creative thinking less interisting. It means that the system which developed at that time was in fact the place where ideological interests of certain parties hid. Marx intended to uproot these interests which was the continued by the Frankfurt School community which was known for their ideological criticism.
THE TASIKMALAYA CHAOS IN 1996: BETWEEN THE SOCIETY’S SOLIDARITY AND THE SOCIO-ECONOMY IMBALANCE
Authors: Sriyanto Sriyanto
Published: July 2019

The harmony of Tasikmalaya society with its calm, polite, and peaceful life was in question when it was instantly turned agresive and violent. The 1996 Tasikmalaya Riot was a typology of collective behaviour which led the discourse into the Ethnic, Religion, and Race (SARA – Suku, Agama, Ras) problems by targetting their agresivity to churches and Chinese’s stores. However, was the riot really the problem of the Ethnic, Religion, and Race, or was there another problem behind the peaceful life of Tasikmalaya people? This study attempts to find the answer to this question, through interview and documentation, to obtain primary sources. The social condition of Tasikmalaya people is agrarian with its strong Islamic boarding school culture. The base to analyse the Tasikmalaya riot is the theories of Islamic boarding school network and collective behaviour. The trigger of the riot was the torturing of ustadz, the Islamic preachers, by the police. This incident emerge the Moslem solidarity in Tasikmalaya which caused the riot at 26 December 1996. The riot’s causes can be traced in the social-economy condition, the society culture, and Tasikmalaya society structure for a comphensive description. The collective behaviour of the Tasikmalaya riot in 1996 is a representative of social, economy, and law imbalance. The riot was an important learning process for the people and officers in Tasikmalaya.
THE IMPACT OF HISTORY LEARNING TO NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM ATTITUDES IN THE GLOBALISATION ERA
Authors: Subaryana Subaryana
Published: July 2019

Globalization is a process of interdependence almost in all life dimension of nations-state relationship and trans-national relations. In this case, it is not only capital, knowledge and technology but also social, political and cultural values of another country such as materialism, hedonism, individualism and pragmatism, have come to Indonesia, and influenced Indonesian people expecially teenagers. Recently, we can feel the national degradation that can be seen from the fading away the senses of nationalism and patriotism. Therefore, its efforts are needed to encourage the nationalism and patriotism character built up among the youth. One of the encouragement can be done through an effective history lesson. It isn’t intended to the understanding of history lesson as a process of entrophy but in this case the history lesson must be viewed as a progresive lesson and has a future view. So nationalism hoped here is not jenggoism or chauvinism but it is humanist nationalism, and not blind patriotism but it is constructive patriotism.
THE 2013 CURRICULUM: STANDS ON TWO CONTRADICTIVE TRADITIONS
Authors: Muhidin Aeng
Published: July 2019

The 2013 Curriculum on history learning is a contradictive combination between the major tradition and alternative tradition. The major tradition focused in morality inculcation, political history material, clarification teaching method, logical thinking, and morality assessment. Challenges in major tradition implementation are (1) value determination, (2) topics election, and (3) learning climate. Alternative tradition appeared as a critic for major tradition. Alternative tradition itself focused in historical skill, history knowledge, and historical method based on learning principle. The main challenges in alternative tradition implementation are mastery in science and learning methods. The major tradition creates attitude competency, included spiritual and social’s value and morality; and alternative tradition creates knowledge and skill competency.
THE DESIGNING OF TECHNOLOGY BASED HISTORY LEARNING (THE APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY BASED SURVEY RESULT IN THE LECTURES OF HISTORY EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM AT UHAMKA AND UNJ)
Authors: Gunawan Rudi
Published: July 2019

The 2013 curriculum is developed for anticipating the development of sciences in the age of 21st century, either in the treatment or in the model of teaching and learning. The Model of learning that should be had developed by the teachers was the model which could shape the ability of students to have the competition to access any kind of information, so that they are enable to develop their own knowledges by their selves. The History education is the material subject that was full of the information and could use any kind of sources formally from internet. This research was the survey to the lectures of history education program study in Uhamka and UNJ about the use of technology in learning and supporting the failure from many sides. From the result of the survey was made the design of history learning by the technological basis, so that the students enable to use the sources that could make the history learning process became fun and meaningful.
HISTORY EDUCATION MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors: Kamarga Hansiswany
Published: July 2019

This research aims to obtain a form of the 21st Century History EducationModel based on the four converging forces, namely knowledge work, thinking tools,digital lifestyles, and learning research through local history as the substance in the ICT in History Learning course. It is done to anticipate the need of skill development that demanded in the 21st century, especially for Department of History Education which will produce the history teachers. The results of this research can be used and developed by the Department of History Education as the education model in every course which discusses about the historical thinking development. The results of the21st Century History Education Model show that (a) in knowledge work aspect, 90,3% of students opined that this course gave them much knowledge about the developmentin information and argued technology world; (b) in thinking tools, this course got good enough’ mark to help the students in learning, working, and recreating through browsers, email, blogs, UPI SPOT (Sistem Pembelajaran Online Terpadu / Integrated Online Instructional System, accessed on spot.upi.edu), and Wi-Fi facility in the faculty; (c) in digital lifestyles aspect, ICT in History Learning course could bring the changing of students’ lifestyle and habit. The students started to habitually do their task by them selves or by groups without being bordered by time or space. The last aspect, (d) learning research aspect of the students are good enough in understanding in searching and developing the information of local history substance via internet, but in developing their skill of updating the knowledge into a meaningful learning, and skill of confirming the information of local history substance that been got from the internet and the local region through observation and interview, 60% of students did feel difficult. Developing students skills in researching, searching, and finding their region potencies through the tasks which related to their locality also could grow their pride with their locality itself, and their appreciation between the other regions’ diversity. Kind of those thoughts are the requirement of the people in the 21st century: always think like a researcher search and find something new.
MEANING AND FUNCTION OF ANCIENT MANUSCRIPTS FOR THE CULTURE AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH TEACHING HISTORY
Authors: Saraswati Ufi
Published: July 2019

The Indonesian people still keep old manuscripts in considerable amounts. The distribution of ancient manuscripts is found in almost all regions of Indonesian archipelago, although the amount of ancient manuscripts in each region is not same. The old manuscript can also be expressed as a document of a nation, because the document defined as an article containing crucial information. Today, teaching history using an ancient manuscript still rarely carried out by the teachers. However, it needs an attempt to understand the ancient texts that all information about the past delivered to the present and the future generation. Teaching history that relies on scarce resources has brought new challenges for teachers. In this country, the history science has become one of the compulsory subjects in the curriculum, since elementary school there is a question, has history teaching has run well? In fact, teaching history in schools is more than a transfer of teachers’ knowledge to students in the classroom through the one-way communication. Pupil just become passive objects that have an obligation to memorize the teacher’s notes in order to answer the questions that will be tested. This kind of teaching history method has made history as a boring lesson. As for to make history teaching successful, the method used should be construct “historical memory” accompanied by “emotional memories”. Study of ancient texts in teaching history can be regarded as one of the methods that can lead to “emotional memories”. After students are given the facts of history to construct “historical memory” in the classroom, emotional memory can be explored by studying the ancient texts. Several alternative methods in relation to the modification of the teaching of history need to be developed. One method that researcher through think could be applied is the utilization of the ancient manuscript to the teaching of history, particularly for the development of Culture and National Character