THE ORDEALS OF SCHOLARS AND THEIR JIHAD IN ANDALUSIA SINCE THE ERA OF THE KINGS OF THE SECTS UNTIL THE END OF THE ISLAMIC PRESENCE IN IT
Authors: Hatem YASSIN Redahab , Khalaf MUHAMMAD Latif 
Published: May 2023

The division drawn up by Andalusian scholars and others who chronicled the country of Andalusia and the designation of its land into secluded areas such as the Lower Al-Thaghr, the Middle Al-Thaghr, and the Upper Al-Thaghr, bears clear indications that Andalusia was a land of jihad and stationed during its long history. For their enemy, and at the forefront of those volunteers were the scholars who desire Muslims to wage jihad and make clear the aims of their enemies by eradicating them and eliminating their state. These scholars had an influential role in raising the morale of the Almoravids and increasing their numbers, including detailing the meanings of jihad and what the Holy Book and the Prophetic Sunnah contained from the fullest reward. For everyone who volunteers for the sake of God and for the preservation of the homeland. When the political unity of Andalusia was torn apart after it was an integrated and feared unit, which was called the stage of the kings of the sects, the jihadist activity of the scholars increased; Because they were more aware than others of the fate that man would end up with after the animosity, fighting, and greed that befell these kings and seeking help from the Christian forces against their Muslim neighbors, so they began to advise the rulers and remind them of Islamic brotherhood and the duty of a Muslim to his Muslim brother, with an explanation of the division that strengthens the enemy surrounding them. At the forefront of carrying out this task at that time were scholars who had their say in the Andalusian society, rulers and ruled, such as: Abu Al-Walid Suleiman bin Khalaf Al-Baji (d. 474 AH), Abu Muhammad Ali bin Muhammad bin Hazm (d. 456 AH), and the preserver Abu Omar Yusuf bin Abdullah Ibn Abd al-Barr (d. 463 AH) and others. These prominent imams were roaming the land of Andalusia, advising and calling for unity, alignment of ranks, and an explanation of the enemy’s plots, and the danger of division and its consequences. Scholars and others performed the same task; Because they realized well what the nation has become of craftsmen and rupture, and the work of these scholars was a great work, and a great jihad in what they offered, except that the kings of the sects did not give this effort a deafening permission. Many of them came to the idea of seeking help from their brothers in Morocco, and at that time the Almoravid state was led by Yusuf bin Tashfin, so they crossed the sea and spread the conditions of their country and what the kings of the sects had of fighting and truce with the Christian forces and ceding to them some fortresses and castles in return for their victory over their brothers, the efforts of those scholars were crowned with success Where Yusuf bin Tashfin, the leader of the Almoravids, responded and crossed to the land of Andalusia and the great victory in the famous battle of Zallaqa. They have a leading and important role during the battles led by the Almoravids and the Almohads, and many of them were martyred, and some of them fell into captivity, and as time progressed and the large Andalusian cities collapsed, we find there scholars who Without jihad work and calling for the necessity of the nation’s unity and the defense of its entity, and who carefully reads the history of Andalusia from the conquest until the fall of Granada finds scholars in the first ranks of the fighting are strong advocates and fighters. .