bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature-Dependent Thermal Conductivity Identification by Bayesian Inference
Authors: Ma Han , Chen Yuluo , Chen Qiang , Li Yanbin , Fei Qingguo
Published: November 2024

The identification of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity in aerogel material, which is commonly used as insulation in thermal protection structures of high-speed aircraft, faces the challenge of selecting the appropriate model in engineering practice. Considering the uncertainties in the selection process of an appropriate functional model, a novel Bayesian probability method computational framework based on response data is established to improve the accuracy of thermal conductivity identification. Three implementation steps are presented: 1) the database of candidate models is established; 2) the reconstructed signals can be calculated by a heat transfer analysis model; and 3) the posterior probability of each candidate model is estimated to obtain the optimal thermal conductivity model and determine the characteristic coefficients. Numerical simulations of a theoretical one-dimensional heat transfer model and a curved thermal protection structure are performed to verify the proposed method. Then, a heating experimental investigation of the curved thermal protection structure is conducted to identify the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of aerogel material. The results indicate that the temperature-varying thermal conductivity can be accurately identified by the proposed method, which can be applied to the heat transfer analysis and design of aerogel materials in high-speed aircraft.
Love, wealth, power, and sinfulness in “wish texts”: the features of Buryat conspiracies
Authors:   Institute of Mongolian, Buddhism and Tibetan Studies of SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation, Sodnompilova M.M. , Gympilova S.D.
Published: November 2024

This article delves into the examination of “wish texts,” specifically Buryat conspiracies centered around the topics of love, wealth, and power. One of the earliest forms of oral poetry, conspiracies hold great significance within the traditional ritual folklore of the Buryats and were widely utilized in their magical practices. There are special Buryat conspiracies aiming to possess magical abilities, achieve material advantage, or possess a beloved person. These conspiracies are of particular interest since they reflect the ideas of the Buryats about sin, the traditional values of Buryat society. The sinful nature of conspiracies was not so much determined by their goals but rather by the methods employed to achieve them. The depiction of sinfulness is particularly evident in the text of the love plot origins, which explicitly portrays the fundamental spiritual values of the Buryats that the petitioner is willing to forsake in pursuit of their desires. The analysis indicates the existence of a unique category of social conspiracies within the Buryat, Yakut, and Tuvinian texts, primarily involving male individuals as perpetrators. The majority of these individuals were considered outsiders, who, for unclear reasons, were willing to defy societal norms and regulations, including both the impoverished and solitary individuals, as well as the wealthy and those who had fallen out of favor with authorities.
Assessment and types of its representation in Khakass proverbs and sayings
Authors:   Katanov Khakass State University, Аbakan, Russia, Taskarakova N.N. , Pokoiakova K.A.
Published: November 2024

Assessment holds a significant position in contemporary linguistic research. Nevertheless, the assessment category has not yet been specifically studied in the context of Khakass language paremic expressions. This study categorizes the different forms of assessment found in Khakass proverbs and sayings. A range of sources was used, including a collection of Khakass proverbs, sayings, a Khakass-Russian dictionary, folklore, and artistic texts. The analysis has demonstrated a substantial prevalence of proverbs and sayings carrying evaluative meanings of a private nature, encompassing ethical, aesthetic, mental-psychological, teleological, and utilitarian evaluations. Assessment is expressed as a desire for a certain norm, a pattern of behavior. By means of private assessments, a selection is made between concepts of good and evil, morality and immorality, and the like. Understanding the evaluative semantics of proverbs and sayings in the Khakass language contributes to a deeper understanding of the national characteristics of the ethnic group. The ethical negative assessment is predominantly conveyed in the proverbial fund of the Khakass language, taking the form of moral teachings and prohibitions. The distinctive characteristics of aesthetic assessment involve drawing figurative parallels between the beauty of a Khakass woman and the sun and the moon and recognizing the beauty of a man through his moral resilience. The assessments found in the Khakass paremiological fund encompass both universal and ethnocultural values that depict the Khakass worldview. The investigation of Khakass paremiology presents further opportunities to uncover the characteristics of normative meanings and their overall evaluative connotations.
Emotive intonation structure of the Buryat language
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation, Abaeva Yu.D.
Published: November 2024

The article focuses on analyzing the meaning of a commonly used intonation contour in Buryat oral speech. This contour is characterized by a high pitch level and a noticeable elongation of stressed words. The research material was taken from audio recordings of spontaneous speech. Acoustic analysis was performed using the Speech Analyzer and Praat computer programs. The following parameters were investigated: the intonation contour shape, the rising and falling interval of the fundamental frequency, the register, and the sound length compared to the average duration. The analysis revealed three meanings expressed by the contour: intensification, agreement, and surprise. Hence, the Buryat language has a remarkable intonation structure employed to convey a multitude of emotionally resonant semantic meanings. The additional experiment conducted to transform emotional intonation into a neutral one demonstrated that this intonation is used in two specific types of statements: emotionally charged statements and veritably emotive statements. The first type demonstrates the supplementary role of intonation by strengthening the meanings expressed by other linguistic means (lexical and syntactic). Intonation allows the speaker to express their emotional evaluation and convey their attitude. In the second type, the change of intonation entails a change in semantic meaning, with the expression of emotions being the dominant communicative task. Additionally, it has been revealed that the intonation contour under examination displays stratification in terms of age and territorial factors. Its usage is more prevalent among the speakers of the Aga subdialect and is particularly common among the older generation.
The writing system project for the endangered unwritten Alutor language
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Golovaneva T.A.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the article is to organize the graphic and orthographic patterns found in Alutor language publications, establish fundamental rules for Alutor writing, and provide a theoretical rationale for them. The text examined in the analysis comprised a series of books written in Alutor. The Alutor script was created under the influence of the dominant Russian and Koryak writing systems. A fundamental aspect involves phonemic representation utilizing the Cyrillic alphabet alongside specific national characters and graphical combinations B’, Г’, Ӄ, and Ӈ. Following the syllabic principle, the letters E, Ё, Ю, and Я, as well as hard and soft signs, are utilized. The challenge is how to depict the super-short vowel sound [ǝ] in writing through the use of the letter Ы. The representation of glottal [ʔ] and epiglottal [ʕ] consonants in written form poses challenges as well. Until the start of the 21st century, these consonants were a defining element of monolingual speech. Nonetheless, the impact of Russian language phonetics caused a reduction in glottal and epiglottal consonants. The morphological principle, concerning the duplication of consonants at morpheme boundaries, is significant in the context of the Alutor script. The analysis revealed the unification of the author's variants of the Alutor script by the 1820s of the 19th century. The graphical and orthographic system of the Alutor language was developed without normative guidelines by editors of national texts and linguists.
Calendar tradition of Belarusian settlers: structural and rhythmic typology of late summer and autumn songs
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Dayneko T.V.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the tunes of ritual and season-timed songs of late summer and autumn of the folklore tradition of Belarusian settlers of Siberia and the Far East. The study material comprises archival and published recordings made since the 1970s and up to the present time in a number of the main regions of settlement of Belarusians: Novosibirsk, Omsk regions, Krasnoyarsk, and Primorsky Territories. The focus is on the most important aspect of calendar songs, namely, the structural-rhythmic organization of the tunes. The author of the article has correlated the features of the tunes of the songs of the settlers’ tradition with the types of tunes of ritual songs in the maternal tradition identified by the Belarusian ethnomusicologist Z. Ya. Mozheyko. The tunes under investigation were established to belong to the first and second typological groups of zhnivnye songs, to the type of zhnivnye tunes of the eastern districts of Poozerye (the territory of Belarus), to the first and second dozhinochnye types, the first yarynnyy and the second autumn types (according to Mozheyko). In addition, some tunes were found to have characteristic structural and rhythmic parameters of the summer period types – the sixth rusal’nyy and the seventh kupal’skiy. Few songs proved to have typical modified and typical combined tunes. A special role in the organization of zhnivnye tunes is played by four- and six-syllable verse structures; they are realized in rhythmic formulas found in the tunes of songs throughout the calendar circle.
Comparative evaluation of the position of incisive canal and its proximity to the maxillary central incisor roots with different incisor inclinations – A CBCT study
Authors: Gupta Shefali , Kothari Bhavesh , Garg Kamlesh , Shah Sagar , Singh Neelima , Chhaparwal Tannu
Published: November 2024

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the incisive canal position and its proximity to maxillary central incisor roots at different incisor inclinations.

Material and Methods:

A 105 CBCT samples have been then divided into three groups on the basis of U1-SN and U1-NA when traced on lateral cephalogram into normal, proclined, and retroclined. Several linear measurements have been made in the axial plane at three different levels, that are palatal opening, mid-root level, and apex, in relation to the incisive canal. Angular measurements were also made in the sagittal plane.

Results:

A significant difference was found between the proximity of the maxillary right and left central incisor to the incisive canal in the proclined and retroclined group at the mid-root level and at the apex. There has been a major variation between the angles developed by the incisive canal to the palatal plane in all three groups. A significant correlation was also found between the angle formed by the incisive canal to the palatal plane and the tooth’s long axis to the palatal plane.

Conclusion:

The proclined group exhibits the shortest distance between the incisive canal and the incisors, implying the need for meticulous planning in Class II Division 1 and bimaxillary protrusion cases. This planning is crucial when aiming for extensive retraction and intrusion to prevent any contact with an incisive canal, thus reducing the root resorption risk.
Strategies used for knowledge dissemination and outreach in a renewable energy project
Authors: Posada Vanegas Gregorio , Torres Celbán Rosa Elena , Gutierrez Jorge , Chávez Valeria , Vega Serratos Beatriz Edith , Silva Rodolfo
Published: November 2024

This work describes the actions carried out by participants of the Mexican Center for Innovation in Ocean Energy project (CEMIE-Océano) to disseminate their advances and results, to the general public and to the scientific community. The project was set up to assess the energy potential in Mexican coastal areas related to waves, tides and currents, and salinity and thermal gradients, and also to investigate their expected environmental and social impacts. The main actions by the CEMIE-Océano dissemination, outreach and press area, 2017 - 2023, were the design, construction and administration of the project website, the regular publication of activities and major achievements on social media via Facebook and Twitter, and the editing of 28 scientific books and nine editions of a biannual newsletter. Eight work meetings, three conferences and a range of science dissemination seminars were also organized. With the strategies presented in this work, for a value close to 3% of the total project budget, the participation of all the collaborators was achieved. In addition, the CEMIE-Océano project is widely recognised within the community of scientists from Mexico and Latin America, and others interested in renewable energies and energy transition issues.
Keywords: CEMIE-Oceano project, ocean energy, dissemination, outreach.
Plan de manejo basado en ecosistemas para el santuario Chenkan, Campeche
Authors: Avila Ortega Yesenia , Vega Serratos Beatriz Edith , Posada Vanegas Gregorio
Published: November 2024

The objective of this work was to design an ecosystem-based management plan for the Chenkan Beach Sanctuary, located in the municipality of Champoton, state of Campeche, using as methodology the twelve principles of the ecosystem approach mentioned by Shepherd (2006) grouped into the following steps: determination of the main actors, characterization of the structure and function of the ecosystem, identification of the relevant economic aspects that will affect the ecosystems and their inhabitants, determination of the probable impact of the ecosystem on adjacent ecosystems and decision of long-term goals and flexible mechanisms to achieve them. The results obtained indicate that the Chenkan Beach Sanctuary was named a protected natural area due to the great variety of species that are at risk, which are registered in the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 and because it is a nesting site for the hawksbill turtle and the green turtle. It was found that the place has erosion problems that put the nesting sites at risk and that various anthropogenic activities have altered the ecosystems causing the turtles to have to migrate to find a new suitable site to nest. Based on all these problems, proposals are put forward to help mitigate the existing problems in the area.
Keywords: Chenkan Beach, environmental problems, ecosystem services, ecosystem approach.
Spectro: A multi-modal approach for molecule elucidation using IR and NMR data
Authors: Chacko Edwin , Sondhi Rudra , Praveen Arnav , Luska Kylie L. , Vargas Hernandez Rodrigo Alejandro
Published: November 2024

Molecular structure elucidation is a crucial but fundamentally challenging step in the characterization of materials given the large number of possible structures. Here, we introduce Spectro, an innovative multi-modal approach for molecular elucidation that combines $\CNMR$ and $\HNMR$ NMR data with IR. Spectro translates the embedded representations of the spectra into molecular structures using the SELFIES notation. We employed a vision model for the embedded representation of the IR data, which was pretrained to detect relevant functional group peaks in the IR spectra achieving an F1 score of 91\%. For NMR data, we utilized LLM2Vec, treating the NMR spectra as text. This integration of multiple spectroscopic techniques allows Spectro to achieve an overall test accuracy of 93\% when trained jointly with the vision model for the IR spectra, and 82\% when trained with fixed embeddings. Our approach demonstrates the potential of multi-modal learning in tackling complex molecular characterization tasks.
An integral-direct GOSTSHYP algorithm for the computation of high pressure effects on molecular and electronic structure
Authors: Pausch Ansgar , Zeller Felix , Neudecker Tim
Published: November 2024

To simulate the effects of high pressure on molecular and electronic structure, methods based on the polarizable continuum model have emerged as a serious contender to the conventionally employed periodic boundary conditions. In this work, we present a highly efficient integral-direct algorithm for the Gaussians On Surface Tesserae Simulate HYdrostatic Pressure (GOSTSHYP) method. We examine the efficiency of this implementation on large chains of α-D-glucose units. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of high pressure on the binding energy of a supersystem consisting of a buckminster fullerene and a corannulene pincer system, and juxtapose various types of surfaces that constitute the boundary between the molecule and the implicit solvent. Our efficient implementation of the GOSTSHYP model paves the way for large-scale simulations of molecules under pressure.
Photo-swing CO2 capture using aminopolymers as sorbents and TiN light absorber
Authors: Leick Noemi , Halingstad Sawyer , Crawford James , Carroll Michael , Yung Matthew , Cortright Randy , Braunecker Wade
Published: November 2024

Using aminopolymers as the sorbent material for dilute CO2 capture, a photo-swing method is demonstrated in an industrially relevant contactor architecture using titanium nitride (TiN) nanosized light absorbers coupled with low-power LEDs with irradiances up to 420 mW/cm². The photo-driven desorption process is applied to dry and humid CO2 streams. Consistent with known sorption mechanisms for aminopolymers, humid CO2 streams increased the CO2 uptake, in our case by ~30%. The photo-swing CO2 capture desorbed ~83% and ~100% CO2 compared to thermally-driven desorption over the same period for a dry and humid CO2 stream, respectively. The photo-swing CO2 capture exhibits robust performance over > 90 cycles without significant signs of photo(thermal) induced sorbent degradation. This work lays the groundwork for photo-swing DAC technology as a scalable, energy-efficient solution for CO2 capture, well-suited for modular systems in remote locations utilizing intermittent renewable energy sources.
Green Pudovik Addition/Cyclization/Aromatization to Isobenzofuran-Based AIEgens with Color Tunability for Lipid Droplets Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Chang Xin , Han Xiao-Wen , Zhou Ni-Ni , Zhu Hai-Tao , Yang Nan , Shen Chen-Ping , Qi Chunxuan , Zhou An-Xi , Feng Hai-Tao , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2024

Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have gained significant attention in science and manufacture due to its potential application in photoelectric materials and biomedical materials. Thus, development of new organic reactions to synthesize novel AIEgens is highly essential. Due to their unique electronic structures and distinctive optoelectronic properties, the formation of main group heterocycle-based AIEgens is becoming a research hotspot. Herein, we develop a one-pot metal-free Pudovik addition/cyclization/aromatization reaction between o-propargyl alcohol benzaldehydes and diarylphosphine oxides to generate isobenzofuran-based AIEgens. Such reaction possesses green synthesis, simple operation, high skeletal stability, satisfactory quantum yields and tunable emission covering the entire visible region. Moreover, these isobenzofuran-substituted phosphine oxides (IBFPO) can be used as bioprobes for cell imaging of lipid droplets in HeLa cells. Notably, quantitative evaluation of phototherapy effect demonstrates that one of these presented AIEgens, namely IBFPO-3j, displays high Type-I reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency, enabling its effective application for photodynamic therapy in hypoxic environment. Benefiting from the easy preparation and the tunable emission, versatile IBFPO-based AIEgens provide a new platform toward advanced materials for extensive applications in biological systems.
Synthesis of a lysosome-targeting aminoferrocene-based prodrug NCure2
Authors: Dill Maximilian , Attia Dina , Mokhir Andriy
Published: November 2024

Prodrugs can achieve highly specific targeting of cancer cells. Therefore, their application can improve the therapy of cancer diseases. The best aminoferrocene-based prodrug developed in the group of Mokhir is N-ferrocenyl-N-[4-(1-piperidinylmethyl)benzyl]aminocarboyloxymethyl-phenylboronic acid pinacol ester, NCure2 (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 56 (2017), 15545). It targets lysosomes of cancer cells due to the presence of a basic N alkylpiperidine moiety in its structure. In the lysosomes, the prodrug is activated by H2O2 due to the presence of a H2O2 responsive, Lewis acidic boronic acid pinacol ester moiety. Due to the zwitter-ionic nature of NCure2 its synthesis is low yielding, purification is laborious that leads to the product losses. In this work we report on the significantly improved synthetic protocol for preparation of HCl salt of NCure2 by introducing the boronic acid moiety in the last synthetic step via Miyaura borylation conditions that allowed the facile purification of the final product by its precipitation. This new approach makes NCure2·HCl easily synthetically accessible that will facilitate its further pre-clinical and clinical studies.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Efficiency Using Urea-Derived Carbon Nitride in a Continuous Flow Reactor
Authors: Batool Samar , Ibrahim Malek , Ehrlich - Sommer Florian , Nagaraju Myakala Stephen , Naghdi Shaghayegh , Cherevan Alexey
Published: November 2024

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive comparison of the photocatalytic properties and the reactivity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of carbon nitride (GCN) in batch and flow photo-reactors. GCN was synthesized from urea, melamine, and dicyandiamide (DCD) under variable synthesis conditions and it was found that GCN synthesized from urea under nitrogen exhibited exceptionally high reactivity that can exceed 21,903 µmol H2 h-1 g-1 when tested in a thin path flow reactor fitted with mixing patterns. This record high reactivity results from the combination of the increased flow velocity and light exposure by the flow reactor along with the weaker interplanar bonding and high surface area of GCN made from urea. Attempting to further enhance this reactivity by exfoliation had an adverse effect. Eliminating the mixing patterns from the flow reactor also resulted in a drastic decrease in catalyst reactivity because of particles deposition on the reactor window. GCN made from melamine had the lowest band gap of all the synthesized GCN and proved to be reactive for HER with visible light and to be stable for over 14 hours. While exfoliation increased the surface area of GCN from melamine, it also raised the band gap from 2.5 to 2.9 eV and did not improve HER under visible light. The two methods of exfoliation; thermal treatment and ultrasonication impacted the HER reactivity and stability the same way across all the GCN samples. The provided guidance on the selection of the reactor design, catalyst precursor, synthesis temperature, and exfoliation based on the applied wavelength for HER paves the way to developing energy-efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production process.
Transmembrane peptide-loaded ionic liquid nanocarriers for targeting ErbB2-positive cancer
Authors: Abujubara Helal , Bharmoria Pankaj , Alvarez Samantha , Appiah Enoch , Moth-Poulsen Kasper , Sayin Volkan , Tietze Alesia
Published: November 2024

The transmembrane peptide domains (TMs) of membrane proteins are involved in signal transduction and are crucial for receptor dimerization. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2 or ErbB2) promotes accelerated cancer cell proliferation and survival and is overexpressed in over 20% of all malignancies. We target ErbB2 in a set of ErbB2-positive cancer cell lines by chemically synthesized peptides mimicking the full ErbB2 TM, which inhibited downstream MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling and drastically reduced cell viability. Loading the ErbB2 TM into surface-active ionic liquid nanocarriers demonstrated a synergic effect on cell viability via cell membrane disruption with simultaneous inhibition of the downstream signaling cascades. Thus, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates TM peptides in conjunction with surface-active ionic liquid carriers as a promising strategy for targeted cancer treatment and broad application, exemplified on ErbB2 receptor as a target here.
RNA Binding and Coacervation Promotes Preservation of Peptide Form and Function Across the Heterochiral-Homochiral Divide
Authors: Goldfarb Daniella , Seal Manas , Edelstein Ilan , Weil-Ktorza Orit , Metanis Norman , Levy Yaakov , Longo Liam
Published: November 2024

Recent evidence suggests that peptide-RNA coacervates may have buffered the emergence of folded domains from flexible peptides. As primitive peptides were likely composed of both L- and D-amino acids, we hypothesized that coacervates may have also supported the emergence of chiral control. To test this hypothesis, we compared the coacervation propensities of an isotactic (homochiral) peptide and a syndiotactic (alternating chirality) peptide, both with an identical sequence derived from the ancient helix-hairpin-helix (HhH) motif. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we found that the syndiotactic peptide does not form stable dimers with high α-helicity in solution, unlike the isotactic peptide. However, both peptides do coacervate with RNA, albeit with distinct reentrant phase behaviors. Coacervation in each case is facilitated by oligomer formation, likely dimerization, upon RNA binding that promotes RNA cross-linking. Additionally, RNA cross-linking and coacervation of the syndiotactic peptide seems to involve α-helical conformations. We attribute differences in reentrant phase behavior to differences in dimer flexibility and stability that alter the effectiveness of RNA cross-linking. These results illustrate how RNA-binding and/or coacervation by early protein forms could have promoted the transition of flexible, heterochiral peptides into folded, homochiral domains.
Putting faults in the northern Chilean subduction margin into motion: evidence for remote dynamic earthquake triggering on the plate interface and within the forearc
Authors: Harrington Rebecca , Kilb Debi , Roth Marco , Victor Pia , Verdecchia Alessandro
Published: November 2024

Dynamic stresses on the order of ~1 kPa from passing waves of mainshock earthquakes can trigger aftershocks at remote distances. Here, we investigate the prevalence of remote earthquake triggering in northern Chile, where aseismic-slip triggering has been documented. Our twofold approach to quantify triggerability includes a statistical difference-of-means test to quantify seismicity-rate changes bracketing candidate mainshock times, and a waveform-based approach to look for triggered earthquakes missing from the local catalog. We find no persistent, statistically-significant seismicity-rate increases associated with any of the candidate mainshocks when considering the local catalog in aggregate. However, catalog statistics reveal evidence for localized triggering both on the subduction interface and within the shallower forearc faults. Waveforms reveal local, uncataloged earthquakes only visible using a high-pass filter that removes the mainshock signal that otherwise overprints the local signals. Based on Japan mainshocks, we cannot rule out antipodal triggering. Areas showing higher triggerability are consistent with regions of low locking inferred from GNSS models and regions of observed aseismic slip. The spatial coincidence of triggering and low-locking, combined with the absence of a stress-triggering threshold, requires non-linear triggering mechanisms, such as altered frictional strength or aseismic-slip triggering, to be consistent with the observations.
Primary School Teachers’ Attitudes, Perceptions and Self-Efficacy Regarding Students With Special Educational Needs: A Comparative Study of the Education Systems in Slovenia and Kosovo
Authors: Keka Arben
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this paper is to explore teachers’ attitudes, perceptions and self-efficacy regarding students with special educational needs in Slovenia and Kosovo, as well as to identify the similarities and differences between the two education systems in terms of inclusive practices. Quantitative data were collected from a sample of teachers working in grades 1–5 of primary schools in Slovenia (n = 258) and Kosovo (n = 255). The data were gathered using the Sentiments, Attitudes and Concerns about Inclusive Education scale and the Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practice scale and analysed using SPSS version 21.0. The findings indicate higher means of samples in both Slovenia and Kosovo in negative sentiments, attitudes and perceptions regarding inclusive education, while statistically significant differences were identified in attitudes and other factors, such as age, gender or teaching experience with students with special educational needs. Teachers in Slovenia and Kosovo scored higher in self-efficacy, which is negatively correlated at a significant level with sentiments, attitudes and perceptions regarding inclusive education.
Pilgrim Dark Energy Bianchi Type-I f(T) Gravity Model
Authors: Khan Siraj N. , Wankhade Kishor S. , Shaikh Alfred Y.
Published: November 2024

In this work, we have analyzed Bianchi type-I space-time (spatially homogeneous and anisotropic), using an interacting two fluid - dark matter (DM) and Pilgrim dark energy (PDE) in the framework of f(T) gravity by taking into consideration the infrared (IR) cut-off as a candidate of Hubble’s horizon L=1/H. We have also performed the state-finder diagnostics and in addition, energy conditions are discussed to verify accelerating expansion of the universe.
On the Stability of Planetary Motions During Stellar Approaches
Authors: Mammadli A.G. , Mammadov R.T. , Valiyev U.S.
Published: November 2024

The problem of the spatial motion of a passively gravitating body during an to the central body of a perturbing body – a test star – is considered. Using the exact expression of the force function, an integral invariant relationship – a quasi-integral – was found. Due to the quasi-integral, the regions of possible motion of the passively gravitating body, the surfaces of minimal energy (a generalization of the zero velocity surfaces), and the singular points of these surfaces were determined. The stability of planetary motion according to Hill during the approach of a test star to the Solar System was investigated. Criteria for the possibility, as well as the impossibility of capturing the passively gravitating body by the test star, were established. According to the Hill stability criteria, critical values of the orbital parameters of the test star were established, at which the planets of the Solar System either become satellites of the test star or leave the bounds of the Solar System.
Photoelectric Characteristics of the Heterojunction n-GaAs-p-(GaAs)1-x-y(Ge2)x(ZnSe)y
Authors: Boboev Akramjon Y.
Published: November 2024

The photoelectric properties of n-GaAs – p-(GaAs)1–x–y(Ge2)x(ZnSe)y heterostructures have been investigated both in photodiode and photovoltaic modes. It has been revealed that the spectral dependence of the photocurrent covers a wide range of energy intervals, ranging from 1.07 eV to 3 eV. It has been demonstrated that as the temperature of the crystallization onset (Toc) increases, the peaks of the spectral dependencies of the photoelectromotive force (photo-EMF) shift towards shorter wavelengths. It has been observed that as the crystallization onset temperature (Toc) of the solid solution layer (GaAs)1–x–y(Ge2)x(ZnSe)y increases, the lifetime of photo carriers increases from 10-7 s at Toc=650°C to 5·10-5 s at Toc=730°C. It is demonstrated that the peaks of the intrinsic photoluminescence band shift towards shorter wavelengths with an increase in the temperature of the crystallization onset. Additionally, the study of the intrinsic spectral region of photoluminescence in samples across the thickness of the epitaxial layer confirms the variability of the obtained structures.
Optimization of The Influence of Temperature on The Electrical Distribution of Structures with Radial p-n Junction Structures
Authors: Abdullayev Jo`shqin Sh. , Sapaev Ibrokhim B.
Published: November 2024

In recent years, advances in optoelectronics and electronics have prioritized optimizing semiconductor device performance and reducing power consumption by modeling new semiconductor device geometries. One such innovative structure is the radial p-n junction structure. In this work, we present a concept that submicron three-dimensional simulations were conducted on radial p-n junction structures based on GaAs material to investigate the influence of temperature ranging from 250K to 500K with a step of 50K on the electrophysical distribution, such as space charge, electro-potential, and electric field, in radial p-n junction structures, as well as various forward voltages. In particular, we focus on the shell radius within the structure: 0.5 μm and 1 μm for the shell. The modeling results were compared with the results obtained from solving the theoretical Poisson equation in the cylindrical coordinate system.
Study of Structural and Vibrational Properties of Cu2In4Se7 by Analytical Methods
Authors: Ibrahimova S.I. , Jabarov Sakin H. , Agamirzayeva G.M. , Abiyev Afsun S. , Aliyev Yusif I.
Published: November 2024

The compound Cu2In4Se7 was synthesized, the crystal structure and atomic dynamics were studied. The studies were carried out at room temperature and under normal conditions using XRD, Raman spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. The obtained X-ray structural spectra were analyzed by the Rietveld method and various crystallographic parameters were determined. It was established that the crystal structure of this compound corresponds to tetragonal symmetry with the space group P-42c (112). As a result of the analysis of the Raman spectrum with the Gaussian function, it was established that in the Cu2In4Se7 crystal in the frequency range ν = 0–800 cm-1 3 main vibrational modes are observed: ν1 = 146 cm-1, ν2 = 171 cm-1 and ν3 = 229 cm-1. It was found that these modes correspond to vibrations of InSe4 tetrahedra formed by In-Se bonds. As a result of analysis of the FTIR spectrum, it was established that 3 main vibration modes are observed in the Cu2In4Se7 crystal in the wavenumbers range ν = 400-4000 cm-1. These modes are associated with water and carbon dioxide molecules in the sample.
Strengthen the Power Conversion Efficiency of Solar Cell Based RbGeI3: Numerical Approach
Authors: Loumachi Lazhar , Yousfi Abderrahim , Saidani Okba , Alsubaie Abdullah Saad , Abed Oussama , Amiri Samir , Sahoo Girija Shankar , Islam Md. Rasidul
Published: November 2024

The current study employs numerical simulations via the SCAPS-1D platform to investigate the performance of solar cells based on perovskite, with RbGeI3 utilized as an absorber material possessing a wide bandgap of 1.31 eV. Through systematic exploration of various parameters including temperature, layer thickness, doping, and defects, the study aims to enhance the efficiency of the solar cells, considering their sensitivity to temperature variations. Results demonstrate that the proposed configuration effectively extends the absorption spectrum into the near-infrared region, with the thickness of the RbGeI3 layer emerging as a critical factor influencing device performance. Analysis reveals that the series resistance peaks at 2 Ω·см2, while the shunt resistance achieves optimal output parameters of up to 103 Ω·см2. Moreover, optimization efforts yield a solar cell exhibiting a power conversion efficiency of 24.62%, fill factor of 82.8%, open circuit voltage of 0.99V, and short circuit current density of 33.20 mA/cm2 at a RbGeI3 thickness of 0.6 um. This comprehensive numerical investigation not only enhances understanding of the intricate factors influencing perovskite solar cells but also suggests promising avenues for future advancements in the field.
Enhancing ZnO/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells: A Combined Experimental And Simulation Approach
Authors: Yusupov Fakhriddin T. , Rakhmonov Tokhirbek I. , Akhmadjonov Mekhriddin F. , Madrahimov Muminjon M. , Abdullayev Sherzod Sh.
Published: November 2024

In this study, we explore the fabrication and optimization of ZnO/Si heterojunction solar cells to enhance their performance through precise control of electron affinity and bandgap properties. ZnO thin films were synthesized using thermal oxidation in a high-vacuum chamber, followed by annealing to improve crystallinity and electrical characteristics. The photovoltaic performance of the ZnO/Si heterojunction solar cells was systematically characterized, and Quantum ESPRESSO simulations were employed to refine the electronic properties of ZnO. Our results show significant improvements in open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and overall conversion efficiency. The optimization of ZnO/Si heterojunction solar cells involves enhancing the electronic properties of ZnO thin films. Quantum ESPRESSO simulations were utilized to optimize the ZnO structure, calculate the band structure and density of states (DOS), and study the effects of Ga and Mg doping on the electronic properties of ZnO. The initial step in our study involved the structural optimization of ZnO to determine its lowest energy configuration. The optimization of the band offset engineering to improve the efficiency of n-ZnO/p-Si photovoltaic cells was found to be critical. Doping ZnO with Ga and Mg improved the band alignment with Si, reduced recombination losses, and enhanced charge carrier mobility. Our findings underscore the potential of optimized ZnO/Si heterojunction solar cells for high-efficiency solar energy conversion, demonstrating their viability as cost-effective and efficient solutions for renewable energy applications. This study highlights the importance of precise material engineering and simulation-driven optimization in developing advanced photovoltaic devices.
Design and Performance Analysis Of Complete Solid-State Dye Sensitised Solar Cell Using Eosin-Y Xanthene Dye: a SCAPS -1D Simulation Study
Authors: Dhandapani K.R. , Dhanya N.P. , Sudheer K. Sebastian
Published: November 2024

This paper reports the theoretical simulation study of the performance of a complete solid-state dye-sensitised solar cell with Eosin-Y as the photosensitizer and PEDOT: PSS as the hole transport layer. SCAPS-1D software is used for the simulation under quasi-ideal conditions and got an optimised efficiency of 4.19%, which matches much with the reported experimental values in the literature. These finding indicates the potential of Eosin-Y as a cost-effective photosensitiser capable of performing even under dim light conditions.
Performance Optimization of MgHfS3 Chalcogenide Perovskite Solar Cells Using SCAPS-1D
Authors: Adewoyin Adeyinka D. , Feika Abdulai M. , Olopade Muteeu A.
Published: November 2024

In this work, magnesium hafnium sulfide MgHfS3 perovskite solar cells have been investigated using numerical modelling and simulation. Perovskite solar cells have received increasing recognition owing to their promising light-harvesting properties. The modelling and simulation of MgHfS3 was successfully carried out using the Solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) software. Consequently, this study developed a base model structure of FTO/TiO2/MgHfS3/Cu2O/Au and subsequently explored the effect of varying device layer properties such as absorber thickness, total and interface defect densities with a view of optimizing these parameters for better device performance. Simulating the base model gave the performance characteristics of 0.99 V, 25.21 mA/cm2, 57.59%, and 14.36% which are the open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF) and PCE respectively. The optimal absorber thickness was found to be 300 nm and the optimum density of defects for both TiO2/Absorber interface and Absorber/Cu2O interface are respectively 1010 cm-3 and 109 cm-3. The obtained optimized PV parameters are Voc = 1.2629 V, Jsc = 24.44 mA/cm2, FF = 89.46% and PCE = 27.61%. Also, it was established that increasing the device temperature beyond 300K enhanced the short circuit current while other performance characteristics gradually declined. The obtained results suggest that chalcogenide MgHfS3 is a potential absorber material candidate for the production of cheap and very efficient environment-friendly perovskite solar cells.
A concise overview of the specific features of using exployts
Authors: Bogdanova Elizaveta , Pavlova Larysa , Pohorila Karina
Published: November 2024

The issue of exploiting the software vulnerabilities is considered in the article. Particular attention has been paid to the two aspects of the practical usage of exploits, as an attack tool and as a means of testing protected information systems. It is stressed that integrating exploits into a single exploit-kit, increases the efficiency of searching for existing vulnerabilities of the modern information systems. The scheme of the exploit kit operation in the target information system is presented. Analysis of the known incidents related to the use of exploits, al-lows us to assert the existence of a relationship between the degree of popularity of a software product or device, and the probability of the exploits being created. The extreme importance of the timely release of security patches as an effective means of preventing the usage of identified software vulnerabilities is emphasized. Releasing security patches is a basic element of possible defensive reactions when dealing with such issues.
Modern threats and ways to secure web applications.
Authors: Yaremchuk Kyrylo , Voskoboinykov Denys , Melkozerova Olha
Published: November 2024

The complexity of the developed web applications is growing every year, which, in turn, makes it difficult to ensure their security. That is why it is advisable to pay special attention to the critical problems of software protection. The ability to assess risks and prevent vulnerabilities at the product design stage is an extremely important task, which reduces the potential difficulties in the operation of the application. In recent years, the number of data breaches in all market sectors has decreased, but their consequences have become more dangerous. Among all attacks, attacks on web applications account for more than 50 percent. According to the OWASP Top Ten list of the vulnerabilities, the relevant categories of vulnerabilities and directions of attacks on existing web applications were worked out in the work. Effective ways of their prevention are considered. Recommendations for implementing and maintaining the security of applications developed using the ReactJS library are provided. The most common security threats to React-based products throughout the application life cycle have been identified. Modern way of ReactJS optimization are considered.
Comparison of commercial web application vulnerability scanners and open source scanners
Authors: Lakhtin Ivan , Mykhailenko Dmytro , Nariezhnii Oleksii
Published: November 2024

The paper compares eight vulnerability scanners based on two intentionally vulnerable applications. The comparison is performed using five criteria: accuracy, recall, Juden index calculation, web benchmark from WASSEC and OWASP. OWASP WebGoat and Damn Vulnerable Web Application (DVWA) are selected as the tested applications. Among the tested scanners there are three commercial scanners: Acunetix, HP WebInspect, AppScan, and five open source scanners such as: Arachni, IronWASP, Skipfish, OWASP ZAP, Vega. According to the results, it was concluded that commercial scanners are more effective in a number of criteria (including the list of threats). Some open source scanners (such as ZAP and Skipfish) can be characterized as originally targeted at certain types of threats. It is emphasized that there is no single security scanner that provides consistently high detection rates for all types of vulnerabilities. Based on the results of the review, it is claimed that the existing differences in the frequency of false-positive vulnerabilities (for both groups of scanners) are due to the fact that most commercial solutions have automated scanners, which are more effective than manual settings by the tester. It is obvious that the results of manual settings have a direct relationship with the actual level of the tester's competence, and largely determine the final results.
Implementation of the method of encoding series lengths to provide procedures steganographic image insertion
Authors: Honcharov Mykyta , Melkozerova Olha
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this article is to introduce the principle of encoding series lengths to provide inter-block data multiplexing of a hybrid steganoalgorithm. As part of the modeling, it is made the assumption that the attacker has successfully determined one of the two parameters of content processing: the size of the basic blocks (BB) and the implemented principle of series scanning. The modeling was performed on the example of one test halftone image of the «city» type. Samples of the attacked test image obtained for a short sample stack (length in 4 series) are presented. An analysis of the results of attack content when using different ways of smoothing the source images is carried out. The implementation of different smoothing ways allows to improve in the combinatorics of multiplexing series and the number of formed BB. It is emphasized that with an increased dimensionality of the BB, the combinatorics of the multiplex of series parameters is limited. The dimension of the BB and the way of organizing the series scanning are elements of the composite key of the data extractor. The use of the principle of encoding series lengths significantly reduces the computational complexity of the algorithm and creates conditions for the implementation of inter-block multiplexing procedures. It is concluded that the use of the parameter of series lengths destroys the correlation relations of the source data more than in the case of using only BB. The main elements at the stage of inter-block content processing are BB and their parameters of series lengths. The modeling results confirm the key role of the «series length» parameter in the procedure of legitimizing content extraction. The variability of the sampling order of the used parameters of the BB series significantly enhances the resistance of the content to unauthorized extraction attempts. Attention is drawn to the fact that the principle of encoding series lengths is limited in the background areas of images, which makes it possible to preserve highly informative image areas and determine the structure of visual artifacts. According to the modeling results, it is concluded that the use of the method of encoding series lengths in inter-block multiplexing procedures additionally strengthens the protection and complicates the work of the steganoanalyst and determines the further course of the attack.