bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Biomass-Based Catalyst in Walnut Shell/Polypropylene to BTX
Authors: Guo Yanan , Pan Xin , Zhu Qingjiao , Ma Jingjing , Guo Qingjie
Published: November 2021

Four biomass-based catalyst carriers with different pore structures were prepared by using a carbonization-activation method, followed by employment in the copyrolysis of Walnut Shell/Polypropylene (WNS/PP) to produce Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX). Ten cycles were performed in each copyrolysis test in a bench-scaled tube furnace to determine the suitable pore size of the catalyst and excellent cycling performance for BTX production. In addition, Zn, Ni, and Ce were loaded with the selected catalyst carriers to synthesize the most suitable biomass-based catalyst. Results showed that the pore size and active center of the catalyst were the key factors affecting the WNS/PP catalytic copyrolysis. Biomass-based carrier with a pore size in the range of 0.55-1.2 nm was the most suitable to produce BTX in the optimal 10 cycle performance; it realized a relative BTX content of 9-20 area%, and a BTX mass yield of 23-67 mg/(graw) in the liquid-phase products from the WNS/PP copyrolysis. A catalyst loaded with 10 wt% Zn possessed the best catalytic effect with a relative BTX content of 39.49 area%, and a BTX yield of 111.13 mg/(graw).
The Marketization of the Business Event Industry in China: Change the Roles of Industry Associations
Authors: Qi Hongxia
Published: November 2021

To further develop the booming business event industry, China is seeking to dismantle centralized bureaucracies and leading the sector to an increasing marketization. Emphasis on market and competition is increased. To enhance the understanding of this transformation process, a constructivist
grounded theory is adopted by drawing data from documents and in-depth interviews with 18 key stakeholders in the business event industry in China. The findings show that industry associations, who have strong relationships with authorities and are usually the organizer of key events in their
field, are key stakeholders in the process. Based on the identified three stages of transformation, peeling off industry associations from the government emerges as a key step for changing the traditional government-led model in the business event sector. Government transferring functions
to and purchasing services from associations, as well as changing the administrative approval system, are three prominent strategies. A framework of the marketization of the business event industry in China is proposed, laying a basis for future research in this area. This research provides
valuable insights into the underinvestigated phenomenon of the marketization of the business event industry in China. Practical implications for practitioners in the sector are identified.
Ambidextrous Utilisation of Artificial Intelligence in Policing: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Korhonen Tuomas , Heino Ossi , Laine Teemu
Published: November 2021

This conceptual paper contributes to the literature by showing the need to understand artificialintelligence (AI) in policing outside the task-dependent environment of today. We examine AI in policing by outlining its potential opportunities and challenges in exploration for today’s policing tasks and beyond. Based on these findings, we reflect upon Holmqvist’s prior theorisation of the dynamics of organizational ambidexterity (i.e., exploitation and exploration). The paper offers future research avenues for public administration and general management researchers interested in AI.
Artificial Intelligence (AI): Hidden Rules of our Society
Authors: Laakkonen Mika-Petri
Published: November 2021

AI explanatory research community has become vital in AI, because explanatory analysis of AI opens up and explains the operating principles of the hidden rules of AI. Explanatory AI community expounds the construction role between human-machine in AI modelling, and breaks the gap in understanding the hidden layers of AI. Instead of Alan Turning’s (1936) well-known problem of decidability (Entscheidungsproblem) the review approaches the AI hidden rules of our society from them knowledge interest (Erkenntnisinteresse) premises coined by German social theorist Jürgen Habermas (1970; 1978). This review illuminates how our contemporary society is constructed with AI models and hidden rules of artificial intelligence. It shall enlighten the Artificial Intelligence (AI) modelling complexity and illustrate AI hidden rules functionality in our society. AI explanatory research community opens field of wider discursion for socio-technological scholars, where aim is to understand AI's role in our society.
FEATURES OF POSSESSION OF MORPHOLOGICAL NORMS BY POLICE OFFICERS
Authors: Зорина Виктория Владимировна
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена проблеме владения сотрудниками полиции нормами современного русского литературного языка. Результаты выполнения задания, направленного на применение правил склонения фамилий (морфологические нормы), показали, что сотрудники правоохранительных органов-обучающиеся факультета профессиональной подготовки испытывают определенные затруднения. Полученные данные возможно учитывать при планировании и отборе упражнений для занятий по дисциплине «Русский язык в деловой документации. Культура речи».

The article is devoted to the problem of police officers ' proficiency in the norms of the modern Russian literary language, in particular morphological ones. The results of the task aimed at applying the rules of declension of surnames showed that law enforcement officers-students of the faculty of vocational training experience certain difficulties. The obtained data can be taken into account when planning and selecting tasks for classes in the discipline " Russian in business documentation. Culture of speech".
FOOD SECURITY AS AN OBJECT OF PROGRAM-TARGET MANAGEMENT
Authors: Гумеров Рустам Раулевич
Published: November 2021

Обеспечение продовольственной безопасности (ПБ) - одна из важнейших функций современного государства. Эффективность ее выполнения в существенной степени зависит от качества стратегического планирования, мониторинга и контроля состояния ПБ.

Ensuring food security (FS) is one of the most important functions of a modern state. The effectiveness of its implementation significantly depends on the quality of strategic planning, monitoring and control of the state of the FS.
VOCALISM AS AN FRTICULATORY-ACOUSTIC COMPNENT OF SONDS
Authors: Иаикаия Татиана Ляаисшис
Published: November 2021

Актуальность поиска подтверждения феномена речи и объяснения её механизма обусловлена проблемами отсутствия описания артикуляционной модели.

The relevance of the search confirmation of the phenomenon of speech and the explanation of its mechanism is due to the problems of the lack of a description of the articulatory model.
REAL ESTATE AS A SUBJECT OF PLEDGE
Authors: Скворцова Татьяна Александровна , Кухмистрова Яна Валерьевна
Published: November 2021

Цель настоящей статьи - проведение правового анализа понятия и сущности недвижимости как предмета залога. Для достижения указанной цели в статье рассматриваются различные подходы к определению понятия и выделению свойств недвижимости. В результате проведенного исследования авторы пришли к выводу о необходимости закрепления исчерпывающего перечня недвижимого имущества, которое может быть предметом ипотеки.

The purpose of this article is to conduct a legal analysis of the concept and essence of real estate as a collateral. To achieve this goal, the article discusses various approaches to the definition of the concept and the allocation of real estate properties. As a result of the conducted research, the authors came to the conclusion that it is necessary to consolidate an exhaustive list of real estate that can be the subject of a mortgage.
Vacinas: primórdios de uma prática da saúde
Authors: Barbosa Ana Beatriz Silva , De Oliveira Anna D'Ávilla , Fonseca Halana Maria De Alencar , De Lima Ana Carla Isabelita , Fernandes Rodrigo Augusto Cavalcante , Farias Sérgio Everton Bessa , Do Nascimento Waldineide Oliveira , Barros Rodrigo José Fernandes de , Holanda Jamile Rodrigues Comes de
Published: November 2021

Milhares de doenças infecciosas assolam a humanidade por muitos anos, desde o primeiro surto de peste que causou uma alta letalidade até os dias atuais, com doenças mais fortes e com alta disseminação. Assim com o decorrer dos anos foram surgindo as vacinas, inicialmente com o médico inglês Edward Jenner, criador da primeira vacina contra a varíola. Desta forma tal pesquisa busca fazer um levantamento sobre as criações das primeiras vacinas do mundo, normalmente desencadeadas após surtos de doenças que acometeram várias populações no passado da humanidade. Para tal foi realizada uma busca em acervos digitais que falassem sobre os primórdios da vacinação, sendo encontrado e utilizado mais livros que artigos. Para a busca utilizou-se as palavras chaves: “vacinação”, “primórdios”, “primeiras vacinas”, “desenvolvimento” de formas associadas, utilizando o operador booleano “AND”. E pode-se observar que após as anotações e experimentos de Jenner, muitos outros pesquisadores conseguiram desenvolver e aplicar testes com vacinas, hoje de forma bem mais controlada e detalhada. E que com a obrigatoriedade não se consegue vacinar a toda a população, visto as revoltas desencadeadas por ela. Assim, podemos concluir que a vacina, apesar de uma longa trajetória percorrida no Brasil e no mundo, alcançou a vacinação em massa produto fundamental à saúde e à qualidade de vida, além de demonstrar sua indispensabilidade para o homem como o segundo maior fator de redução da mortalidade.
Department of Neurorehabilitation and Clinical Psychology of the National Medical Research Center of Rehabilitation and Balneology
Authors: Kuzyukova A. A.
Published: November 2021

Представлен обзор деятельности отдела неврологии НМИЦ РК (ранее «Института курортологии») с начала его основания (1921 г.) по текущее время, с указанием его предшествующих и настоящего руководителей, их научных интересов и вклада в развитие реабилитации пациентов с поражением нервной системы; отмечены основные достижения и наработки, полученные в отделе в прошлом в результате совместного творчества с другими сотрудниками центра, и современное направление деятельности.
Blood gas analysis syringes containing spray-dosed droplet liquid heparin may decrease sample rejection ratios
Authors: UÇAR Kamil Taha , NURLU Nilhan
Published: November 2021

Aim: The objective of this study is to evaluate blood gas analysis (BGA) sample rejection ratios (SRRs) in our laboratory and investigate the effect of various BGA syringes on SRR.

Material and Method: 3 groups were formed based on the type and use period of BGA syringes. Syringes containing spray-dosed droplet liquid Lithium Heparin were used in Group 1 (November 2018–May 2019), syringes containing lyophilized dried Lithium Heparin were used in Group 2 (July 2019–January 2020), and another syringes containing spray-dosed droplet liquid Lithium Heparin were used in Group 3 (March 2020–September 2020), and the groups were determined based on such use. SRRs of these groups were calculated, causes for sample rejection were identified, and department-based investigations were conducted. Comparisons between groups were performed according to the indicated variables.

Results: Mean SRRs of the groups by percentage (%) were calculated as 6.1±1.5, 10.0±0.9, and 3.8±0.9, respectively, and showed a statistically significant difference (p
The validity and agreement of PI-RADS v2 in the diagnosis of prostate cancer
Authors: TEZCAN Şehnaz , BEKAR Ülkü , ONBAŞIOĞLU GÜRBÜZ Müge , ERGİN Giray
Published: November 2021

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate accuracy of multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) in detection of clinically significant (CS) prostate cancer (PC) and determine agreement of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data Systems version2 (PI-RADS v2) among three readers.

Material and Method: The study included 65 (32 malignancy, 33 benign) patients with clinically suspected PC who were underwent mpMRI between January 2017 and January 2020 followed by biopsy or prostatectomy. The images were evaluated by three readers who were blinded to patient data. The inter-observer agreement was analyzed with Cohen’s weighted kappa statistics.

Results: 74 lesions were detected in 46 patients among 65 patients. When a PI-RADS assessment category ≥3 (K value, 0.406-0.632) was considered positive for CS PC for readers, higher sensitivity, lower specificity and lower agreement was found than PI-RADS ≥4 (K value, 0.545-0.667). The sensitivity and specificity of index lesion detection ranged from 71.8%-90.6%, 60.6%-72.7%, respectively. We found moderate to substantial agreement for index lesion detection. The agreement of PZ lesions was higher than TZ lesions. The agreement in DWI scores was higher than the agreement in T2 scores between readers.

Conclusion: By using PI-RADS v2, high sensitivity but moderate specificity was found in detection of index lesion. The agreement in PI-RADS category assignment was moderate among readers. The agreement and sensitivity in threshold of PI-RADS 4 was higher than PI-RADS 3. TZ lesions showed more variability among radiologists than PZ lesions by using PI-RADS v2.
Bilayer repair technique with mesh in petit lumbar hernia
Authors: TOPCU Ramazan , SEZİKLİ İsmail , TOPÇU Hülya
Published: November 2021

Aim: Lumbar hernias are rare; Petit’s lumbar hernia (PLH), which is among them, is a rarer hernia type. Surgical repair is a standard treatment after the diagnosis of lumbar hernia. Controversy continues regarding the surgical technique of repairing Petit’s lumbar hernia. With this study, we aim to share short term results we obtained from the application of bilayer repair technique with mesh (BRTM), which is a new method in petit lumbar hernia treatment.

Material and Method: Five patients who were diagnosed with lumbar hernia and treated between 2017 and 2020 were examined retrospectively.

Results: Most patients consisted of women (n=4). The mean age was 58.2 years. As for the etiological reason of the disease, 3 patients were trauma-related and 2 patients were previous operations-related. The petit lumbar hernia defect diameter was 6.42. In all patients, BRTM was used. The mean length of hospitalization was 3.6 days. The mean follow-up duration was 13.8 months. There was no recurrence in any of the patients after follow-up.

Conclusion: PLH requires a difficult management from diagnosis to treatment. Thanks to such a strong BRTM, not merely tissue integrity can be ensured, but also anatomical structures will become more organized, and intra-abdominal pressure will be evenly distributed to the preperitoneal area, creating a suspensory mechanism, also, since recurrence will be minimized, we predict that the surgery operation can be performed safely through BRTM in petit lumbar hernia. To support this technique, long-term follow-up and multi-centered studies are necessary.
MICROPLASTICS RISK AT THE INTERFACE OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY, QUALITY AND FOOD SAFETY IN POLAND: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Kafel Piotr , Nowicki Paweł , Balon Urszula
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explore the scope of undertaken and planned actions related to microplastics risk in one of the biggest polish food sector company for better understanding the relations between quality management, food safety management and circular economy. To explore the planed and undertaken actions in relation to microplastics risk a case study was performed. It was performed in one of the leading polish organization producing and selling food products of an international range of operation. During the study representative of the leadership of the organization was interviewed as well as relevant instructions and records provided by the organization were analysed. Results indicate that the issue of microplastics for studied company is a marginal problem, that has not been given much attention so far. On the other hand, significant changes at the global level such as circular economy strategy lead to changes in the design of products (mainly packaging). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the microplastics risk from the perspective of the management systems implemented in food sector organization with the circular economy context. This study enriches current knowledge about circular economy and its integration with other management systems in the microplastics elimination context.
Stellar Gravitational Lens Engineering for Interstellar Communication and Artifact SETI
Authors: Kerby Stephen , Wright Jason T.
Published: November 2021

Several recent works have proposed a “stellar relay” transmission system in which a spacecraft at the focus of a star’s gravitational lens achieves dramatic boosts in the gain of an outgoing or incoming interstellar transmission. We examine some of the engineering requirements of a stellar relay system, evaluate the long-term sustainability of a gravitational relay, and describe the perturbations and drifts that must be actively countered to maintain a relay-star-target alignment. The major perturbations on a relay-Sun-target alignment are the inwards gravity of the Sun and the reflex motion of the Sun imparted by the planets. These ∼m s−1 yr−1 accelerations can be countered with modern propulsion systems over century-long timescales. This examination is also relevant for telescope designs aiming to use the Sun as a focusing element. We additionally examine prospects for an artifact SETI search to observe stellar relays placed around the Sun by an extraterrestrial intelligence and suggest certain nearby stars that are relatively unperturbed by planetary systems as favorable nodes for a stellar relay communications system.
“Worst-case” Microlensing in the Identification and Modeling of Lensed Quasars
Authors: Weisenbach Luke , Schechter Paul L. , Pontula Sahil
Published: November 2021

Although microlensing of macrolensed quasars and supernovae provides unique opportunities for several kinds of investigations, it can add unwanted and sometimes substantial noise. While microlensing flux anomalies may be safely ignored for some observations, they severely limit others. “Worst-case” estimates can inform the decision whether or not to undertake an extensive examination of microlensing scenarios. Here, we report “worst-case” microlensing uncertainties for point sources lensed by singular isothermal potentials, parameterized by a convergence equal to the shear and by the stellar fraction. The results can be straightforwardly applied to nonisothermal potentials by utilizing the mass sheet degeneracy. We use microlensing maps to compute the fluctuations in image micromagnifications and estimate the stellar fraction at which the fluctuations are greatest for a given convergence. We find that the worst-case fluctuations happen at the stellar fraction

κ

⋆

=

1

∣

μ

macro

∣

. For macrominima, the fluctuations in both magnification and demagnification appear to be bounded (1.5 > Δm > −1.3, where Δm is the magnitude relative to the average macromagnification). Magnifications for macrosaddles are bounded as well (Δm > −1.7). In contrast, demagnifications for macrosaddles appear to have unbounded fluctuations as 1/μ
macro → 0 and κ
⋆ → 0.
Can the Fe K-alpha Line Reliably Predict Supernova Remnant Progenitors?
Authors: Siegel Jared , Dwarkadas Vikram V. , Frank Kari A. , Burrows David N.
Published: November 2021

The centroid energy of the Fe Kα line has been used to identify the progenitors of supernova remnants (SNRs). These investigations generally considered the energy of the centroid derived from the spectrum of the entire remnant. Here we use XMM-Newton data to investigate the Fe Kα centroid in 6 SNRs: 3C 397, N132D, W49B, DEM L71, 1E 0102.2-7219, and Kes 73. In Kes 73 and 1E 0102.2-7219, we fail to detect any Fe Kα emission. We report a tentative first detection of Fe Kα emission in SNR DEM L71 with a centroid energy consistent with its Type Ia designation. In the remaining remnants, the spatial and spectral sensitivity is sufficient to investigate spatial variations of the Fe Kα centroid. We find in N132D and W49B that the centroids in different regions are consistent with those derived from the overall spectrum, although not necessarily with the remnant type identified via other means. However, in SNR 3C 397, we find statistically significant variation in the centroid of up to 100 eV, aligning with the variation in the density structure around the remnant. These variations span the intermediate space between centroid energies signifying core-collapse (CC) and Type Ia remnants. Shifting the dividing line downwards by 50 eV can place all the centroids in the CC region, but contradicts the remnant type obtained via other means. Our results show that caution must be used when employing the Fe Kα centroid of the entire remnant as the sole diagnostic for typing a remnant.
Discovery of a Highly Collimated Flow from the High-mass Protostar ISOSS J23053+5953 SMM2
Authors: Rodríguez Tatiana M. , Hofner Peter , Araya Esteban D. , Zhang Qizhou , Linz Hendrik , Kurtz Stanley , Gomez Laura , Carrasco-González Carlos , Rosero Viviana
Published: November 2021

We present Very Large Array C-, X-, and Q-band continuum observations, as well as 1.3 mm continuum and CO(2-1) observations with the Submillimeter Array toward the high-mass protostellar candidate ISOSS J23053+5953 SMM2. Compact centimeter continuum emission was detected near the center of the SMM2 core with a spectral index of 0.24(± 0.15) between 6 and 3.6 cm, and a radio luminosity of 1.3(±0.4) mJy kpc2. The 1.3 mm thermal dust emission indicates a mass of the SMM2 core of 45.8 (±13.4) M
⊙, and a density of 7.1 (±1.2)× 106 cm−3. The CO(2-1) observations reveal a large, massive molecular outflow centered on the SMM2 core. This fast outflow (>50 km s−1 from the cloud systemic velocity) is highly collimated, with a broader, lower-velocity component. The large values for outflow mass (45.2 ± 12.6 M
⊙) and momentum rate (6 ± 2 × 10−3
M
⊙ km s−1yr−1) derived from the CO emission are consistent with those of flows driven by high-mass YSOs. The dynamical timescale of the flow is between 1.5 and 7.2 × 104 yr. We also found from the C18O to thermal dust emission ratio that CO is depleted by a factor of about 20, possibly due to freeze-out of CO molecules on dust grains. Our data are consistent with previous findings that ISOSS J23053 + 5953 SMM2 is an emerging high-mass protostar in an early phase of evolution, with an ionized jet and a fast, highly collimated, and massive outflow.
Calibration of the Marshall Grazing Incidence X-Ray Spectrometer Experiment. II. Flight Instrument Calibration
Authors: Athiray P. S. , Winebarger Amy R. , Champey Patrick , Kobayashi Ken , Savage Sabrina , Beabout Brent , Beabout Dyana , Broadway David , Bruccoleri Alexander R. , Cheimets Peter , Golub Leon , Gullikson Eric , Haight Harlan , Heilmann Ralf K. , Hertz Edward , Hogue William , Johnson Steven , Kegley Jeffrey , Kolodziejczak Jeffery , Madsen Chad , Schattenburg Mark L. , Siler Richard , Vigil Genevieve D. , Wright Ernest
Published: November 2021

The Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS) is a sounding rocket experiment that observes the soft X-ray spectrum of the Sun from 6.0–24 Å (0.5–2.0 keV), successfully launched on 2021 July 30. End-to-end alignment of the flight instrument and calibration experiments are carried out using the X-ray and Cryogenic Facility at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. In this paper, we present the calibration experiments of MaGIXS, which include wavelength calibration, measurement of line spread function, and determination of effective area. Finally, we use the measured instrument response function to predict the expected count rates for MaGIXS flight observation looking at a typical solar active region.
The Impact of Realistic Red Supergiant Mass Loss on Stellar Evolution
Authors: Beasor Emma R. , Davies Ben , Smith Nathan
Published: November 2021

Accurate mass-loss rates are essential for meaningful stellar evolutionary models. For massive single stars with initial masses between 8 and 30M
⊙the implementation of cool supergiant mass loss in stellar models strongly affects the resulting evolution, and the most commonly used prescription for these cool-star phases is that of de Jager. Recently, we published a new

M

̇

prescription calibrated to RSGs with initial masses between 10 and 25 M
⊙, which unlike previous prescriptions does not overestimate

M

̇

for the most massive stars. Here, we carry out a comparative study to the MESA-MIST models, in which we test the effect of altering mass loss by recomputing the evolution of stars with masses 12–27 M
⊙ with the new

M

̇

-prescription implemented. We show that while the evolutionary tracks in the HR diagram of the stars do not change appreciably, the mass of the H-rich envelope at core collapse is drastically increased compared to models using the de Jager prescription. This increased envelope mass would have a strong impact on the Type II-P SN lightcurve, and would not allow stars under 30 M
⊙ to evolve back to the blue and explode as H-poor SN. We also predict that the amount of H-envelope around single stars at explosion should be correlated with initial mass, and we discuss the prospects of using this as a method of determining progenitor masses from supernova light curves.
Giant Radio Quasars: Composite Optical Spectra
Authors: Kuźmicz Agnieszka , Sethi Sagar , Jamrozy Marek
Published: November 2021

We present the composite optical spectrum for the largest sample of giant radio quasars (GRQs). They represent a rare subclass of radio quasars due to their large projected linear sizes of radio structures, which exceed 0.7 Mpc. To construct the composite spectrum, we combined the optical spectra of 216 GRQs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). As a result, we obtained the composite spectrum covering the wavelength range from 1400 Å to 7000 Å. We calculated the power-law spectral slope for the GRQ’s composite, obtaining α

λ
= −1.25, and compared it with that of the smaller-sized radio quasars, as well as with the quasar composite spectrum obtained for a large sample of SDSS quasars. We obtained that the GRQ’s continuum is flatter (redder) than the continuum of comparison quasar samples. We also show that the continuum slope depends on core and total radio luminosity at 1.4 GHz, being steeper for higher radio luminosity bins. Moreover, we found that there is a flattening of the continuum with the increase in the projected linear size of the radio quasar. We show that α

λ
is orientation-dependent, being steeper for a higher radio core-to-lobe flux density ratio, which is consistent with AGN unified model predictions. For two GRQs, we fit the spectral energy distribution using the X-CIGALE code to compare the consistency of results obtained in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum with broadband emission. The parameters obtained from the SED fitting confirmed the larger dust luminosity for the redder optical continuum.
Relationship of Ability of Family Caregivers and Society’s Stigma to Prevent Relapse and Improve the Quality of Life for People with Mental Disorders
Authors: Widyowati Agustin , Murti Bhisma , Sudiyanto Aris
Published: November 2021

People with mental disorders will experience a relapse even after 1 month of getting treatment or care from a health facility. The high recurrence rate can cause a decrease in quality of life. Efforts to prevent recurrence by involving family caregivers and reducing stigma from the community. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the ability of family caregivers and community stigma to prevent recurrence and improve the quality of life of people with mental disorders. This study used a cross-sectional approach. The research location is in Kediri Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Sampling was done by using the multistage random sampling technique. The number of samples is 76 respondents. The variables in this study were the ability of family caregivers, community stigma, disease recurrence, and quality of life for people with mental disorders. The data were analyzed using path analysis with the help of STATA 13. There is a relationship between the ability of family caregivers and community stigma to prevent recurrence and improve the quality of life of people with mental disorders.
Exploration of the Profile and Intention in Restricting Online Game in Teenagers with Gaming Disorder: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Djannah Sitti , Tentama Fatwa , Sinanto Rendi , Sulistyawati Sulistyawati , Mulasari Surahma Asti , Sukesi Tri Wahyuni , Rokhmayanti Rokhmayanti , Hastuti Siti Kurnia Widi , Hidayat Muhammad Syamsu , Putra Ulinnuha Yudiansa
Published: November 2021

Background Gaming disorder is one of the mental disorders when someone does his spare time activity by playing the game and is addicted to playing online games. This condition is more common in adolescents and eventually could harm their health. Hence, the researchers interested to study the teenagers' profiles and intentions to identify their efforts and obstacles in restricting online games. Objective This study aimed to explore the profile and addiction scales of teenagers with online gaming disorder and to identify their intentions, plans, and obstacles in reducing their addictions. Method The study employed qualitative research with a phenomenology approach. The research included six online gamer participants. The researcher selected the participants by using a purposive sampling technique. They were game-addicted teenagers according to the scale of gaming addiction. The researchers collected the data with a guided interview and an observation list. They analyzed the data using phenomenology analysis.   Results The scale of addiction data showed that all informants were in a high category of addiction. This scale of addiction was in line with their profiles of playing games at least five hours a day because they perceived playing games as an urgent activity to relieve stress or as entertainment. When they played online games, they held back hunger and skipped their meals, even though they were hungry and often held back urinating. Besides, being actively playing at night made them sleep in the daytime. In addition, the data showed that four of the informants stated that they had some intentions and plans to reduce or quit playing, but they did not have specific plans. They had not followed up on their readiness and had not known when to reduce or stop playing online games. Some obstacles cause them to have no intentions. Conclusion The profiles of the teenagers with gaming disorders showed a high category of addiction scale. They played online games as stress-relieving entertainment. When playing, they often held hunger, thirsty, urinating, and did not sleep at night. There were some teenagers with gaming disorders who had no intention of reducing or stopping the games. Meanwhile, some others were willing to reduce and quit the game, but they did not have any alternative activities and did not know when they will stop playing online games. Friends' invitation, the fun of playing games, problems of self-control/habits, the temptation of watching other gamers playing, boredom, and the new trend of the electronic game sport were the obstacles for the addictive teenagers to control their online gaming.
Cystatin and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Obese Versus Non-obese Adolescents
Authors: El-Shaheed Azza Abd , Mahfouz Nermine N. , Fahmy Reham F. , Elabd Mona A. , Sibaii Hiba , El-Zayat Salwa Refat , El-Kassaby Mahitab I. , Mourad Hagar H.
Published: November 2021

Background: Obesity is well known as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Thus meticulous assessment of renal function is more essential in obese individuals. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is commonly estimated based on serum creatinine (Cr).  However, using Cr as marker of kidney function has some limitations and Cystatin C has been reported as an alternative marker.
Aim of work: This study was designed to assess renal function using both GFR and cystatin in obese adolescents.
Methods: This case-control study enrolled ninety Egyptian adolescents aged between 10 and 18 years old who were divided equally into two groups according to body mass index (obese and non-obese).  Each participant was subjected to full medical history taking, anthropometric measures, and Laboratory investigation including CBC, serum Cr, estimated GFR and cystatin C.
Results:  Serum Cr level was significantly higher in obese adolescents compared to non-obese mean value (0.94) and (0.79) resepectively. Also, eGFR based on Cr was significantly lower in obese group compared to controls (73.1) and ( (85.30)respectively. Cystatin C showed non-significant higher levels in obese group versus controls with mean value (2.28) and (1.85)respectively. Cystatin C at Cut-off value of 1.525 and 95% CI showed sensitivity of 47.2% and specificity of 63.9% for evaluation of kidney affection in obese children and adolescences.
Conclusion: GFR is affected in obese adolescence with elevation of serum creatinine and unexpected non significant elevation of cystatin C in obese adolescence when compared by control group.
Keywords: Cystatin, Creatinine, Pediatric obesity, GFR, renal function.
Biotic factors damaging forest stands in Gornata Koria and Chuprene Reserves in Western Balkan Range, Bulgaria
Authors: Georgieva Margarita , Georgiev Georgi , Mirchev Plamen , Zaemdzhikova Gergana , Doychev Danail , Bencheva Sonya , Zafirov Nikolay , Dimitrov Stelian , Iliev Martin , Trenkin Vladislav
Published: November 2021

AbstractAssessment and monitoring of health status in deteriorated forest stands in Gornata Koria and Chuprene Reserves in Western Balkan Range (Bulgaria) were conducted in 2017. An integrated approach (based on remote sensing technologies and terrestrial validation) was applied. A series of subsequent terrain observations were carried out in both protected areas mainly in dead or in poor health status stands. As a result, sixteen insect species were identified in Gornata Koria and nine pests in Chuprene Reserves. The predominant number of pests included bark beetles and weevils (Curculionidae), longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), etc. Attacks caused by the European bark beetle (Ips typographus) formed the main disturbance in the Norway spruce forests in both reserves. Ten parasitic and ten saprophytic fungi were identified in the stands of the Norway spruce (Picea abies), silver fir (Abies alba) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica). Among the parasitic fungi, six species were identified as destructive (Armillaria sp., Heterobasidion annosum, Fomitopsis pinicola, Fomes fomentarius, Ramaria flava and Pholiota squarrosa).
Workplace Violence Prevention Policies in Home Health and Hospice Care Agencies
Authors: Gross Nathan , Peek-Asa Corinne , Nocera Maryalice , Casteel Carri
Published: November 2021

Workplace violence in the home health industry is a growing concern, but little is known about the content of existing workplace violence prevention programs. The authors present the methods for this study that examined workplace violence prevention programs in a sample of 40 California home health and hospice agencies. Data was collected through surveys that were completed by the branch managers of participating facilities. Programs were scored in six different areas, including general workplace violence prevention components; management commitment and employee involvement; worksite analysis; hazard prevention and control; safety and health training; and recordkeeping and program evaluation. The results and discussion sections consider these six areas and the important gaps that were found in existing programs. For example, although most agencies offered workplace violence training, not every worker performing patient care was required to receive the training. Similarly, not all programs were written or reviewed and updated regularly. Few program differences were observed between agency characteristics, but nonetheless several striking gaps were found.
Nurses' Attitudes Toward Older Patients in Acute Care in Israel
Authors: Topaz Maxim , Doron Israel
Published: November 2021

Ageism has been found to negatively affect the health care services that older persons receive, both implicitly through unfair resource allocation by the stakeholders, and explicitly, by providing offensive and poor quality treatment. In this article, the authors review the literature relating to ageing, noting that negative attitudes among caregivers toward older patients in acute care settings are a strong predictor of ageism. They describe a study in which they explored a group of Israeli nurses’ knowledge of ageing and attitudes toward older people in an acute care setting and analyzed the relationship between these variables using a descriptive, correlational design method. Nurses working in one of the largest public hospital in Israel completed Kogan’s Attitudes Towards Older People Scale and Palmore’s Facts on Ageing Quiz. Findings indicated that the nurses’ level of knowledge of ageing was relatively low. The authors discuss nurses’ knowledge of ageing and nurses’ ethnicity as significant predictors of ageist attitudes. They conclude by recommending that nurse educators strengthen gerontological content in the nursing curriculum and provide culturally tailored nursing education to reduce ageism among professional nurses.
Subjective Experiences of Coping Among Caregivers in Palliative Care
Authors: Uren Sarah , Graham Tanya
Published: November 2021

Several research studies have sought to quantify the effects of formal caregiving on the caregivers; however, limited research has described the experiences of caregiving using a qualitative research design. In this study, we used an interpretative, phenomenological method to explore how coping operates as a central resource for trained caregivers and professional nurses in a palliative care setting. Eleven participants from a community-based, palliative care organisation in South Africa provided narrative accounts of coping within the caregiving process. Our findings identified seven themes related to the different dimensions of coping and the implications of these responses on individual caregivers. In this article, we discuss the cumulative effect of caregiver exposure to stressors, consider future directions to enhance caregiving, and conclude that effective caregiver coping plays a substantial role in caregiver and patient wellbeing and should therefore be a central component of enhancing palliative care interventions.
Initiating Collaboration among Organ Transplant Professionals through Web Portals and Mobile Applications
Authors: Alexander Susan , Hoy Haley , Maskey Manil , Conover Helen , Gamble John , Fraley Anne
Published: November 2021

The knowledge base for healthcare providers working in the field of organ transplantation has grown exponentially. However, the field has no centralized ‘space’ dedicated to efficient access and sharing of information.The ease of use and portability of mobile applications (apps) make them ideal for subspecialists working in complex healthcare environments. In this article, the authors review the literature related to healthcare technology; describe the development of health-related technology; present their mobile app pilot project assessing the effects of a collaborative, mobile app based on a freely available content manage framework; and report their findings. They conclude by sharing both lessons learned while completing this project and future directions.
An Overview of the National Quality Strategy: Where Do Nurses Fit?
Authors: Kennedy Rosemary , Murphy Judy , Roberts Darryl
Published: November 2021

The definition of quality healthcare, its accurate measurement, and its effective management is nebulous and constantly evolving. Even the most respected and knowledgeable experts cannot come to consensus on exactly what quality means. Levels of measurement, as well as questions of whom, how, and when to measure are topics of continual deliberation. These discussions occur at multiple levels through councils, committees, workgroups, task forces, and expert panels. Many policy-related decisions these groups make affect nurses and nursing care. All of them affect how patients receive or engage in healthcare. This article discusses the National Quality Strategy by offering a description and history of the quality conversation, including federal advisory committees and quality measurement data standards. There are several gaps in the quality conversation to which nurses could contribute valuable insights. The authors describe ways that nurses can engage in the national quality agenda. The article concludes with a call to action to encourage nurses to take a larger role in driving the National Quality Strategy.
Pilot-study of ridden walk on the circle – effects of progressive collection and lateral exercises
Authors: Egenvall A. , Engström H. , Byström A.
Published: November 2021

When collecting the horse, the rider influences stride length, forehand/hindquarters balance, and head-neck position. The study aim was to describe the vertical excursion of the withers and croup, and the sagittal cannon angles during collection and lateral exercises. Ten horses were ridden by five riders during 14 trials (1-5 per rider) on 10 m circles. Each trial included free walk, four degrees of increasing collection, and haunches-in and shoulderin. Inertial measurement units (100 Hz) were positioned on the withers, the first sacral vertebra (S1) and laterally on the cannons. Data for each exercise were stride-split. Range of motion (ROM), minima and maxima were studied in mixed models, controlling for stride duration. S1 vertical ROM ranged between 30-32 mm (highest degree of collection) and 51 mm (free walk), significantly smaller with increasing collection. S1 ROM during the inside hind limb step was smaller in haunches-in and shoulder-in compared to at the lowest degree of collection. Withers ROM ranged between 12 mm (lowest degree of collection) and 16-18 mm (highest degree of collection). Fore cannon protraction-retraction ROM ranged between 57° (highest degree of collection) and 63° (free walk). Hind cannon protraction-retraction ROM ranged between 47-50° (highest degree of collection) and 51-56° (free walk). All limbs had significantly smaller ROM at the highest degree of collection. Cannon ROMs were smaller for the outer limbs in haunches-in, and all limbs but the outer fore in shoulder-in, compared to the lowest degree of collection. Progressively decreasing ROM for fore- and hind limb cannons and S1 suggest that the riders achieved a shortening of the gait at higher degrees of collection. In shoulder-in and haunches-in, the diagonal oriented in the direction of motion showed decreased hind limb cannon ROM while forelimb cannon ROM was maintained, which could suggest increased shoulder freedom and collection of the targeted diagonal.
Stability in a Ross epidemic model with road diffusion
Authors: Bao Xiaomei ,   School of Foreign Languages, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224003, China, Tian Canrong ,   School of Mathematics and Physics, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224003, China
Published: November 2021

Reaction-diffusion equations have been used to describe the dynamical behavior of epidemic models, where the spreading of infectious disease has the same speed in every direction. A natural question is how to describe the dynamical system when the spreading of infectious disease is directed diffusion. We introduce the road diffusion into a Ross epidemic model which describes the spread of infected Mosquitoes and humans. With the comparison principle the system is proved to have a unique global solution. By the approach of upper and lower solutions, we show that the disease-free equilibrium is asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number is lower than 1 while the endemic equilibrium asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number is greater than 1.
A novel design of Gudermannian function as a neural network for the singular nonlinear delayed, prediction and pantograph differential models
Authors: Sabir Zulqurnain ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan, Wahab Hafiz Abdul , Guirao Juan L.G. ,   Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Technical University of Cartagena, Hospital de Marina 30203-Cartagena, Spain,   Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics (NAAM)-Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Published: November 2021

The present work is to solve the nonlinear singular models using the framework of the stochastic computing approaches. The purpose of these investigations is not only focused to solve the singular models, but the solution of these models will be presented to the extended form of the delayed, prediction and pantograph differential models. The Gudermannian function is designed using the neural networks optimized through the global scheme "genetic algorithms (GA)", local method "sequential quadratic programming (SQP)" and the hybridization of GA-SQP. The comparison of the singular equations will be presented with the exact solutions along with the extended form of delayed, prediction and pantograph based on these singular models. Moreover, the neuron analysis will be provided to authenticate the efficiency and complexity of the designed approach. For the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed approach, the plots of absolute error will be drawn for the singular delayed, prediction and pantograph differential models. For the reliability and stability of the proposed method, the statistical performances "Theil inequality coefficient", "variance account for" and "mean absolute deviation'' are observed for multiple executions to solve singular delayed, prediction and pantograph differential models.
Construction and validation of a novel pyroptosis-related signature to predict prognosis in patients with cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Niu Zehao ,   Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China, Xu Yujian , Li Yan , Chen Youbai , Han Yan ,   Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
Published: November 2021

Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is one of the most malignant skin cancers and remains a health concern worldwide. Pyroptosis is a newly recognized form of programmed cell death and plays a vital role in cancer progression. We aim to construct a prognostic model for SKCM patients based on pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs). SKCM patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were divided into training and validation cohorts. We used GSE65904 downloaded from GEO database as an external validation cohort. We performed Cox regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to identify prognostic genes and built a risk score. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on the risk score. Differently expressed genes (DEGs), immune cell infiltration and immune-related pathways activation were compared between the two groups. We established a model containing 4 PRGs, i.e., GSDMA, GSDMC, AIM2 and NOD2. The overall survival (OS) time was significantly different between the 2 groups. The risk score was an independent predictor for prognosis in both the uni- and multi-variable Cox regressions. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encylopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that DEGs were enriched in immune-related pathways. Most types of immune cells were highly expressed in the low risk group. All immune pathways were significantly up-regulated in the low-risk group. In addition, low-risk patients had a better response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Our novel pyroptosis-related gene signature could predict the prognosis of SKCM patients and their response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.