bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EDUKASI GIZI IBU HAMIL DENGAN MEDIA BOOKLET SEBAGAI UPAYA TINDAKAN PENCEGAHAN STUNTING PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS UNDAAN KABUPATEN KUDUS
Authors: Listyarini Anita Dyah , Fatmawati Yayuk , Savitri Indriana
Published: November 2020

Stunting adalah masalah gizi yang cukup signifikan terkait pertumbuhan dan perkembangan balita. Stunting juga merupakan masalah gizi kronis yang disebabkan oleh asupan gizi kurang dalam waktu yang cukup lama dan disebabkan pemberian makanan tidak sesuai maupun seimbang dengan kebutuhan gizi pada anak. Pemberian pendidikan gizi pada ibu dengan metode booklet dapat memperbaiki tingkat pengetahuan ibu. Media booklet dipilih sebagai media pendidikan kesehatan karena mampu menyebarkan informasi dalam waktu relative singkat, sehingga dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil. Metode pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah obsevasional analitik menggunakan sampel sebanyak 54 ibu hamil trimester I yang tinggal di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Undaan Kabupaten Kudus. Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2019. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan berdasarkan romdam sampling. Tehnik pengambilan data primer dilakukan melalui wawancara tentang pemenuhan gizi seimbang yang dibutuhkan pada ibu hamil. Hasil kegiatan edukasi pada ibu hamil trimester 1 di wilayah Puskesmas Undaan sebelum diberikan edukasi gizi dengan media booklet mempunyai perubahan pengetahuan dan perilaku perilaku  kurang sebanyak 38.8 %, cukup 25.9 %, dan baik sebanyak 35% responden, dan setelah dilakukan edukasi gizi menggunakan media booklet responden mempunyai tindakan kurang sebanyak 7.4% dan cukup 5.5% dan baik sebanyak 87%. Kata kunci : Edukasi, Booklet, Pencegahan Stunting, Ibu Hamil
PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN GURU PAUD TENTANG DETEKSI TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK MENGGUNAKAN KPSP
Authors: Winarsih Biyanti Dwi , Hartini Sri
Published: November 2020

Tumbuh kembang anak usia pra sekolah merupakan periode yang sangat penting sebagai awal perkembangan selanjutnya. Diharapkan orang tua untuk mempelajari atau memperhatikan tentang proses perkembangan anak karena sebagai orang tua pasti mempunyai keinginan untuk menjadi pendidik yang lebih baik bagi anaknya. Cakupan pelayanan kesehatan anak yang terdiri dari pemantauan perkembangan dan stimulasi dini tumbuh kembang mencapai 75,82%.Tujuan umum kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk peningkatan pengetahuan guru PAUD tentang deteksi tumbuh kembang anakusia pra sekolah. Kata Kunci : Deteksi, Pertumbuhan, Perkembangan, anak usia prasekolah
TERAPI BERMAIN ENGLISH GAMES UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF ANAK PRASEKOLAH
Authors: Adimayanti Eka , Siyamti Dewi
Published: November 2020

Anak memiliki pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang pesat pada awal-awal kehidupan dimana proses itu tidak dapat diulang kembali sehingga kualitas perkembangan anak dimasa depannya ditentukan oleh stimulasi yang diperolehnya sejak dini. Anak Usia prasekolah memasuki tahap perkembangan pra operasional dimana mempunyai karakteristik menonjol anak telah mengkombinasi dan mentransformasi informasi,  mampu mengemukakan alasan dan menyatakan ide, mulai mengerti hubungan sebab akibat dan mempunyai cara berfikir egosentris. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat dengan Judul “Terapi Bermain (English Games) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak Prasekolah.Adapun tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak TK IT Cahaya Ummat.Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan terapi bermain English games.Kegiatan tersebut bermain dengan English games.Hasil yang didapatkan adalah kemampuan anak dalam berfikir secara kognitif melalui tebak gambar, tebak huruf, tebak warna, tebak kata, menyebutkan nama nama hari, menyebutkan angka, menyebutkan nama buah, menyebutkan anggota tubuh, sehinga anak mampu memungpulkan banyak kosakata baru dalam permainan kartu bahasa inggris. Beberapa anak ada sudah mulai belajar berkomunikasi dengan menggunakan bahasa inggris.Kata Kunci :Terapi bermain, English games, kemampuan kognitif
INOVASI LIMBAH JAHE MENJADI HAND SANITAZER OLEH KELOMPOK SAHABAT DIFABEL JEPARA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 MELALUI PROGRAM CSR PT PLN UNIT INDUK TANJUNG JATI B
Authors: Arifin Miftah , Sofyan Sofyan , Mahaputra Wahyu
Published: November 2020

Pemberdayaan merupakan salah satu strategi yang saat ini sedang banyak digunakan dalam pengembangan masyarakat. Pemberdayaan terkait dengan peningkatan pengetahuan dan peningkatan kekuasaan untuk mencapai kondisi berdaya. Kelompok difabel merupakan salah satu kelompok rentan dan sering menjadi subjek pemberdayaan masyarakat. Program pemberdayaan ini mengarah pada penguatan ekonomi kelompok difabel melalui pembuatan sirup herbal dan tanggung jawab lingkungannya melalui pengolahan limbah dari hasil produksi. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pemberdayaan ini adalah pelatihan dan pendampingan dimana hasilnya dijabarkan dalam deskripsi hasil. Dari hasil pelatihan berdampak pada pembukuan menjadi lebih tertib dan kelompok sudah dapat melaporkan keuangan dengan sederhana. Sedangkan untuk pelatihan pemasaran online berdampak ada peningkatan penjual sebesar 15% dari sebelumnya. Berkaitan dengan pendampingan yang dihasilkan adalah terjadi peningkatan pendapat telah mendapatkan hasil peningkatan pendapatan Rp. 150.000,- per minggu. Selain pendapatan dalam pendampingan di temukan bahwa terdapat upaya upcycle limbah ampas jahe menjadi hansinitizer dan pembuatan masker ramah difabel tuli dan wicara untuk mempermudah akses komunikasi. Kedua bentuk inovasi produk ini mengakar pada permasalahan pandemi covid-19 dan sebagai bentuk kontribusi inovatif kelompok difabel dalam pencegahan covid melalui pemanfaatan limbah. Kata Kunci : Inovasi, Limbah, Difabel, Pemberdayaan,  CSR
OVERVIEW OF THE ROLE OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN THE EDUCATIONAL SPHERE OF THE NEW AGE
Authors:   Ph.D., doctoral student of social philosophy, philosophy of education and educational policy Department,  National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, BABIІCHUK Svitlana
Published: November 2020

Have been described the role of the scientific method of cognition and the role of scientific knowledge in the educational sphere in the period of Modern philosophy. Have been determined the role of the empirical method and the theoretical method in experiments in order to gain new knowledge and test hypotheses. Considered the role of scientific societies and academies as centers of development of scientific knowledge. Have been determined that the expansion of knowledge through the improvement of the scientific method has led to the need for changes in principles of education. Are described the demonstrations of physical experiments for educational purposes in universities and academies. Have been described the physical experiments on the example of a lecture of Jacques Rohault and Pierre Poliniere. The contribution of Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes, Isaac Newton in the study of the effectiveness and objectivity of the scientific method in research is described. Was considered that scientific research was made with the aim of practical efficiency for human life, and not as a self-goal. Knowledge and education should be formed based on the inductive method. The main ideas of the work "Reflections on the method" are considered as the publication of tipping point in the formation of Modern philosophy. Have been described the main ideas of 21 rules of application the scientific method in researches in this publication. Have been determined that in the Modern philosophy period science had a direct impact on education, as well-known representatives of science popularized and involved in their research students and young scientists through educational institutions. At this time, education has become an instrument of human socialization, so well-known educators of this period emphasized to the need of early child development (John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau) and the universality of education (Jan Amos Comenius). It is determined that the application of the scientific method in the research activities of period of Modern philosophy is inextricably linked with their pedagogical practice. In this way it has led to active improvement and structuring of scientific methods, and to involving more young minds in scientific research and investigations. Which was a background to the germination of the next period of Classical Philosophy of Science
"Синайська кампанія" 1956 р.: військова перемога та дипломатична невдача Ізраїлю
Authors: Motsiiaka P. P.
Published: November 2020

У статті досліджується перебіг подій 1956 р., пов’язаних з результатами і наслідками націоналізації Єгиптом Суецького каналу, виникнення так званої "Суецької кризи" та реакції на це з боку Великої Британії, Франції, Ізраїлю та інших зацікавлених держав. Здійснено огляд військових дій наСинайському півострові, в секторі Газа та в зоні Суецького каналу. Простежено позицію Організації Об’єднаних Націй, світового співтовариствастосовно конфлікту на Близькому Сході та прийняття ефективних рішень, які зупинили війну і дозволили здійснити мирне врегулювання. Наголошено на компромісному характері вирішення Суецької кризи, що пізніше давало підстави учасникам конфлікту, зокрема Ізраїлю та Франції, як переможцям, прагнути надолужити втрачене. Зроблено висновок про те, що в результаті "Синайської кампанії" Ізраїль перетворився на одну з найсильніших у військовому відношенні держав регіону, що дозволило отримати йому кращі, ніж до війни 1956 р., безпекові умови.
Олена Левковцева – перша студентка Ніжинського інституту
Authors: Luniak Y. M.
Published: November 2020

У статті розглянуто життєвий шлях Олени Олександрівни Левковцевої, першої дівчини, яка була в 1919 р. зарахована до складу студентів Ніжинського інституту й пов’язала свою подальшу долю з педагогічною діяльністю в Ніжині. Особливу увагу приділено початку жіночої освіти в Ніжинській вищій школі. Основними джерельними свідченнями стали спогади самої Левковцевої, написані нею власноруч в 1968 р., архівні документи Ніжинського інституту та середньої школи № 4 міста Ніжина, а також спогади місцевих старожилів, які пам’ятали цю жінку. По суті, здійснено перше дослідження її життя та діяльності. Визначено найбільш проблемні питання біографії цієї жінки. Проаналізовано особливості та специфіку жіночого навчання в стінах Ніжинського вишу в 1916–1923 рр. Виявлено низку імен перших жінок, які здобували вищу освіту в цьому закладі у той період. Визначено важливість гендерної тематики в історичних студіях і подальші перспективи розвитку цієї теми. Статтю доповнено документальними свідченнями, що доводять факт прийому Левковцевої до складу студентів Ніжинського історико-філологічного інституту князя Безбородька наприкінці 1919 р.
Випускник чоловічої гімназії при Ніжинському класичному ліцеї князя Безбородька Хведір Вовк та його внесок у розвиток народознавства
Authors: Chutchenko S. A.
Published: November 2020

Стаття присвячена висвітленню постаті професора Хведора Кіндратовича Вовка – етнографа, антрополога, археолога України зі світовим ім’ям. Розкрито громадянську й культурно-освітню позиції вченого в історії України на зламі XIX–XX століть. Означено важливість проведення бібліографічних досліджень життєвого, наукового шляху видатного українця, що сприятиме висвітленню його різножанрової праці в галузях історії літератури, шевченкознавства, етнології, архітектури, видавничої справи в ім’я майбутнього України. Зроблено ретроспекцію праць 1904–2016 років українських науковців про Хв. Вовка в контексті причинно-наслідкового зв’язку подій, фактів у його різнобічній науковій, просвітницькій діяльності в східному, центральному, західному регіонах України, країнах Європи: Угорщини, Сербії, Франції, Швейцарії, Росії. Охарактеризовано як важливий період навчання осібно в чоловічій гімназії Ніжинського класичного ліцею князя Безбородька та акцентовано увагу на джерелах духовності родини науковця, викладачів Ніжинської гімназії-ліцею для формування в нього національного світогляду, світосприйняття дійсності крізь призму історії, звичаїв, традицій, спадщини духовних світочів України, осібно Тараса Шевченка. Зроблено гіпотези щодо першопричин жертовного служіння країні Хв. Вовка як професора, науковця, громадського діяча, носія української культури в країнах Європи, світу. На прикладі реєстру почесних звань та відзнак провідних університетів Європи визнано активну 50-річну науково-практичну діяльність Хв. Вовка як зразок нащадкам для наслідування. Виокремлено його внесок у розвиток світової науки. Стверджено актуальність наукової діяльності вченого в контексті становлення та розвитку української етнології, археології, антропології, народознавства. Наголошено на значущості Хв. Вовка як першого, хто науково обґрунтував відмінність української нації в ряду слов’янських. Розглянуто його науковий внесок у розвиток народознавства.
Russian Cement Market (Results of 9 Months of 2020)
Authors:   LLC “GS-Expert” http://www.gs-expert.ru/, SEMENOV A.A.
Published: November 2020

Information on the state and main trends in the development of the cement market in Russia in 2020 is presented. Data on the volumes and dynamics of production, consumption and foreign trade operations with cement are summarized. Keywords: cement, market analysis.
Traitement des formes métastatiques et avancées des carcinomes épidermoïdes du canal anal
Authors: Pernot S. , Desolneux G.
Published: November 2020

Les formes métastatiques ou avancées des cancers du canal anal sont rares. En cas de récidive locorégionale, la chirurgie de rattrapage offre, au prix d’une colostomie terminale définitive, une chance de rémission prolongée pour les patients avec une morbidité acceptable. Le facteur pronostique principal est la qualité de l’exérèse chirurgicale complète R0, amenant à envisager des exérèses élargies avec reconstruction périnéale par lambeau myofasciocutané. Dans les formes avancées non opérables ou métastatiques, de récents progrès ont permis de mieux définir les standards thérapeutiques. Les protocoles DCF modifié et paclitaxel‒ carboplatine sont désormais les deux schémas de première ligne de référence. L’immunothérapie par anti-PD-1 a montré des résultats encourageants chez certains patients. La place de la chirurgie chez les patients oligométastatiques reste à définir et se discute au cas par cas en RCP.
Post-Carroll
Authors: Cowan Philip
Published: November 2020

Analyzing moving images is one of the fundamental practices in our attempt to understand the medium. Building on Noël Carroll’s functional theory of film style, this article attempts to define a taxonomy of functional elements of shot composition in order to establish a clear methodology for the analysis of a moving image. Carroll criticizes forms of stylistic analysis that limit themselves to a few pre-selected aspects of the moving image, for example, genre motifs, individual filmmakers’ personal traits, or broad studies of film movements. Numerous writers have presented breakdowns of component parts of a moving image, often in wider discussions of film form. However these lists are often incomplete or do not have a clear methodology. This article identifies the key components of a moving image that could serve a functional purpose in individual films.
The Ukrainian divide
Authors: Penkala Alina , Derluyn Ilse , Lietaert Ine
Published: November 2020

Abstract:Ukraine is usually portrayed as a cleft country with a determining internal East–West divide. However, critical researchers in Ukrainian scholarship emphasize that the East–West paradigm fails to adequately reflect the complex reality of the Ukrainian society and its historical, linguistic, economic, and political mixture. This article deconstructs the origins and evolution of the eastern and western Ukrainian identities and argues that the current clash between the two regions should not be explained by linguistic and ethnic differences, geopolitical strategies, economic interests, or political gains but rather by symbolic geographies, historical myths, and political imaginations. As a consequence, Ukraine is unable to make clear choices about its geopolitical future and remains a liminal space of east and west, where the broader EU-centered and Russia-centered regions overlap.

Resumen:Ucrania suele ser retratada como un país caracterizado por una división interna determinante entre el este y el oeste. Sin embargo, algunos investigadores critican este paradigma Este-Oeste, que no refleja la compleja realidad de la sociedad ucraniana y su mezcla histórica, lingüística, económica y política. En este artículo se deconstruyen los orígenes y la evolución de las identidades ucranianas orientales y occidentales y se argumenta que el actual choque entre las dos regiones debería explicarse por el nuevo enfoque de geografías simbólicas, mitos históricos e imaginaciones políticas. En caso contrario, Ucrania no puede tomar decisiones claras sobre su futuro geopolítico y sigue siendo un espacio liminal de este y oeste, donde se superponen las regiones más amplias centradas en la UE y en Rusia, respectivamente.

Résumé:L’Ukraine est généralement présentée comme un pays avec une division interne Est-Ouest déterminante. Cependant, des chercheurs ukrainiens critiquent ce paradigme Est-Ouest, qui ne reflèterait pas la réalité complexe de la société ukrainienne ni son mélange historique, linguistique, économique et politique. Cet article déconstruit les origines et l’évolution des identités ukrainiennes orientales et occidentales et soutient que le conflit qui les oppose actuellement devrait être expliqué par la nouvelle approche des géographies symboliques, des mythes historiques et des imaginations politiques. A défaut, l’Ukraine est incapable de faire des choix clairs quant à son avenir géopolitique et reste un espace liminaire entre l’Est et l’Ouest, où les régions plus larges centrées sur l’UE et la Russie se chevauchent.
“If the coronavirus doesn’t kill us, hunger will”
Authors: Puerta Silva Claudia , Torres Muriel Esteban , Amaya Epiayú Roberto Carlos , Dorado González Alicia , Epieyú Fatima , Frías Epinayú Estefanía , Ipuana Guariyü Álvaro , Ramírez Boscán Miguel , Romero Epiayú Jakeline
Published: November 2020

For more than 30 years after the arrival of the first multinational coal company in La Guajira, the Wayuu have raised their voices. They denounce the extermination of their people, the dispossession of their territory and their resources, and the negligence of the Colombian and Venezuelan states in facing a humanitarian crisis caused by hunger and the death of more than 4,000 children. The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 pandemic within this context.
STIFFNESS ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF STEPPED COLUMNS UNDER COMBINED BENDING AND COMPRESSION
Authors: Grebenyuk G. I. , Maksak V. I. , Yankov E. V.
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the stiffness analysis and optimization of stepped columns constituting the core frame of the industrial building. The two-span cross section of a one- storey industrial building is investigated herein. The quasi-static calculation is performed using the limited load approximation method for the cross-section of the most loaded middle column. The critical Euler characteristic of the compressive longitudinal load is determined by the differential bending equations at the bifurcation instability in the column sections. The parameter optimization of the column cross-section is achieved through the nonlinear mathematical programming. The optimization of medium column cross-section is considered using the proposed calculation when setting a set of constraints for the optimization task.
GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF BORED PILES DETERMINED BY DUAL CHANNEL ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Samarin D. G. , Ustyuzhanin V. L. , Lobanov A. A.
Published: November 2020

Surface acoustic measurements in examining pile foundations is increasingly used in practice, as it is an effective tool for the measuring the length and defects of piles. However, this method for diagnostics of monolithic pile structures, for example, bored piles, can lead to significant measurement errors. This is because the propagation velocity of acoustic waves in a bored pile is usually calculated theoretically, and many factors affecting the propagation velocity of acoustic waves are not taken into account. According to earlier research, dual channel acoustic measurements used to determine the length of bored piles, makes it possible to accurately calculate the propagation velocity of acoustic waves and, accordingly, the pile length. It is shown that dual channel acoustic measurements applied to bored piles allow detecting with sufficient accuracy such defects as cross-sectional deviations of the pile shaft along its length.
South Pacific in the Belt and Road Initiative: Security Aspects
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Kanaev E.A.
Published: November 2020

The article analyses the implementation of China’s mega-strategy the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in the South Pacific. The key parameters shaping the security milieu of this subregion are outlined, China’s measures in the context of the BRI realization are revealed and systemized, the key BRI vulnerability factors in the South Pacific are distinguished. In the author’s view, stressing its significance as the non-traditional security provider to the South Pacific states, without timely and comprehensive measures to cope with the COVID-19 pandemics as part of its BRI strategy China may become a hostage of this approach.
Why South China Sea is Important for the Philippines: Economic Aspect
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of science (MOSCOW), Panarina D.S.
Published: November 2020

South China Sea in the Southeast Asia region has always been and remains a strategic and economic factor of the balance among many regional states as well as some outer players, including here the USA and China. To answer a question why for many states in the region, states always growing economically the SCS is a water area of great significance, what is so important in the sea for regional economies and outer states – is the main purpose of this paper. The author gives data on the riches of the SCS and explains its role as a water way for transporting oil through the region. Growing oil demand in the ASEAN countries is also examined in this work in order to speculate on possible perspectives on oil market in the region in the future.
Continuous Professional Development: A Source of Appropriate Learning Activities for Students
Authors: Shaikh Muhammad Ali , John Stephen , Haider Kamal
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this research study was to analyze the impact of professional development courses on teaching practices of the teachers A quantitative approach was adopted to solve the query, a questionnaire having close-ended questions was developed to collect data. The population of the study was teachers' trainers and heads of the institutions. The purpose of including trainers was to understand what types of courses offered by the teachers training institutes while inclusion heads to know about the changes found in the personalities of the teachers after attending a course. The analysis of collected data reveals that training institutes are offering general courses instead of subject-oriented courses, and resultantly teachers are unable to have appropriate subject related activities during their classroom teaching. Therefore, it is recommended that subject-oriented professional development courses should be designed for the teachers who will ultimately help teachers in using more appropriate activities during their teaching
Teachers' Preparation: A Contribution of Distance Education in Pakistan
Authors: Waheed Abdul , Manuchaher Asad Naeem , Jabeen Rashdah
Published: November 2020

The main objectives of the study were to explore the theoretical and practical component of teacher training programme and effectiveness of instructional package particularly the instructional material and contribution of the teacher education programme of distance education in teacher training. In light of the literature review, the three questionnaires were developed to survey the contribution of the teacher education programme of distance education in teacher training. The respondents were of the opinion that the instructional package, particularly instructional material, is effective for teacher training. The tutorial system contributes to the interaction between the tutor and students as well as peer students. T.V programmes on teachers' education are also providing additional information. Lesson planning and different teaching strategies are practised during training workshops. Distance education is on par with the formal system of formal teacher education system.
Professional Quality of Life of Physicians in Nepal: Addressing the Present-day Need
Authors: Vaidya Anju , Deo Satish Kumar , Karki Shristi , Neupane Sudan Prasad
Published: November 2020

Medical practice is a noble profession that bears with it critical responsibilities on the practitioner and expectations from the public. Few studies originating from low-income countries like Nepal indicate a greater extent of dissatisfaction in relation to workload, financial and social circumstances among doctors leading to lower Quality of life. In addition, there has been a rise in doctor’s migration to developed nations in aspire of better living standards and job satisfaction which has aggravated the already resource-constrained healthcare systems in those countries. This challenges both access and equity in healthcare. There are indications, based on first-hand experiences and the socio-political situation, that Quality of Life may be alarmingly poor among doctors working in Nepal. The first step towards a comprehensive effort to addressing this issue would be to carry out researches on doctors to gauge the scale and dimensions of the issue.
Amitraz Poisoning - Tale of an Unusual Pesticide Poisoning: A Case Report
Authors: Shilpakar Olita , Karki Bipin , Rajbhandari Bibek
Published: November 2020

Amitraz is a formamidine group of compounds used in many parts of the world as an agriculturalpesticide and an ectoparasiticide. Amitraz intoxication secondary to the oral, dermal or inhalationalroutes, both accidental and suicidal, has been encountered in humans leading to severe life-threateningside effects. Only very few cases of amitraz toxicity have been reported to date. This emphasizesthe importance to ascertain amitraz intoxication from more commonly encountered pesticides likeorganophosphorus poisoning to avoid erroneous management of the patient. We report a case of atwenty-seven-year-old man who presented to the emergency room following suicidal ingestion ofamitraz with the clinical manifestations of vomiting, altered sensorium, bradycardia and hypotensionand complete recovery following supportive management.
Clinicodemographic Profile of Kidney Diseases in a Tertiary Hospital of Central Nepal, Chitwan: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ghimire Madhav , Vaidya Shreeju , Upadhyay Hari Prasad
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Spectrum of kidney diseases differs significantly in developing and developedcountries. However, there is no central registry regarding the nature of such diseases in Nepaland our center either. The study aims to know the clinicodemographic spectrum of kidney diseasepatients admitted to our hospital.

Methods: This study was a descriptive cross sectional study done in the department of Nephrology,College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital from May 2018 to April 219. Convenient samplingwas done and all the consecutive kidney disease patients irrespective of their age, sex, and renaldiagnosis were included in the study. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional ReviewCommittee of the college (reference number. 2016/COMSTH/IRC/049). Clinicodemographic profileof kidney diseases were studied using statistical package for the social sciences version 20 and wererepresented as mean, standard deviation, number, percentage and ratio.

Results: Out of a total of 829 patients, the commonest clinical syndrome and the histological patternswere end-stage renal disease 248 (29.9%) and IgA nephropathy 18 (20.7%) respectively. The meanage was 51.4±18.6 years. The commonest reason for hospitalization was sepsis 372 (44.8%). Maleswere 486 (58.6%) and females were 343 (41.4%).

Conclusions: The commonest clinical presentation and the reason for admissions were end-stagerenal disease and sepsis syndrome respectively.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Pediatric Perspective
Authors: Shrestha Rupesh , Shrestha Laxman
Published: November 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019, the new public health emergency that originated in China, is spreading rapidly across the globe with limited tools to confine this growing pandemic. The virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is transmitted by droplet infection from person to person. Our current understanding of the disease spectrum is limited. The proportion of infected children is significantly less compared to adults with the majority of them showing mild symptoms. More than half of symptomatic children present with fever and cough. However, the extent of asymptomatic infection in children and the role they play in community transmission is still undetermined. Although there are case reports of neonates infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, vertical transmission from infected mother to new-born is yet to be proven. The disease is confirmed by demonstration of the virus by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerasechain reaction in respiratory secretions. Due to the lack of specific antiviral agents, we rely on infection-control measures to prevent disease spread and on supportive care for infected ones. This article has summarized the clinical characteristics of children with coronavirus disease 2019 based on published case reports.
Acute Poisoning among Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Thapa Sameer , Dawadi Bishwa Raj , Upreti Anup Raj
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Acute poisoning is a major global public health problem contributing to one of theleading causes for a visit to an emergency department. This study aims to analyse the demographicand psychosocial characteristics of patients with acute poisoning presented to the emergencydepartment.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital fromJune to December 2019 after obtaining ethical approval from Institutional review board (referencenumber. 041-075/0760). A convenient sampling method was applied. Epidemiological factors, typesof poison consumed, reason, motive, and place to take poison, time elapse in the presentation to thehospital were studied. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for the social sciencesversion 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency andproportion for binary data.

Results: Out of 76 cases of acute poisoning, the organophosphorus poisoning was 18 (23.7%) followedby unknown 12 (15.8). Of total, 28 (36.8%) had quarrel before taking poison and 41 (53.9 %) hadintention to commit suicide. Sixty-seven (88.2%) took a poison at home. The average elapsed time tothe visit of the emergency department was 110±80 minutes.

 

Conclusions: The most common poisoning was organophosphorus with a suicide being the mostcommon intention. Quarrel was the most frequent reason to take poison and the home was the mostcommon place to take poison.
Quarantine: A Period of Self-discovery and Motivation as Medical Student
Authors: Bhusal Suzit , Niroula Aliska , Kafle Rijan
Published: November 2020

The ongoing nationwide lockdown due to the global pandemic COVID-19 started from March 24, 2020, in Nepal. Lots of medical students are in dilemma about how to utilize this time to make it more productive. To live a good life, we must be able to balance our life in general so, we can use this time to discover ourselves. It is equally important to adjust to the global pandemic and help locally to combat the current situation. This difficult time demands resilience. This article focuses on some ideas to discover ourselves and develop resilience within us.
Blood-based Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer: A Review Article
Authors: Maharjan Narayani , Thapa Niresh , Tu Jiancheng
Published: November 2020

Lung cancer is the severe leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early detection of lung cancer can significantly increase their survival rate. However, conventional lung cancer screening methods such as sputum cytology, chest X-rays, low-dose computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, are radiational, and also expensive methods. Similarly, lung tumor tissue as invasive and difficult to obtain and potentially risky procedures, there is the immediate need of non-invasive, novel sensitive and reliable blood-based tumor markers which now has become an important area on research. This review will mainly focus on recently identified circulating biomarkers: circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid, tumor-derived exosomes, circulating ribonucleic acid and micro ribonucleic acid, and tumoreducated platelets which may enable earlier diagnosis of lung cancer and their application in clinicalpractices.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis of Lip and Role of Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Case Report
Authors: Parajuli Niraj , Shrestha Srijan , Manandhar Krishna Das , Bastola Anup
Published: November 2020

The diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis is mostly confirmed by the identification of parasitein a skin smear or biopsy. However, this method may not always be sensitive enough to detectthe disease when parasitic load is low. Molecular test such as polymerase chain reactions canbe useful in such circumstances. Here, we report a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosedby a polymerase chain reaction test when both smear and biopsy failed to confirm the diagnosis.A 17-years-old female from mountainous district of Nepal, presented with a crusted plaqueover the upper lip for a duration of 6 months. Both skin smear and biopsy from the lesionfailed to demonstrate Leishmania parasite but a polymerase chain reaction test was positivefor Leishmania donovani. This case emphasizes on the importance of molecular testing suchas polymerase chain reaction when commonly performed diagnostics test fails to supportconfirmation of clinical diagnosis.
Quackery in Dental Practice in Nepal
Authors: Humagain Manoj , Bhattarai Bishwa Prakash , Rokaya Dinesh
Published: November 2020

Quackery and fraud in dental practice, seen in many countries, is also rampant in Nepal, and they are unethical practices. There is a growing need for strict enforcement of government policy measures to eliminate quackery and fraudulent dental practice in Nepal. The government should mobilize all dental workforce (dental specialists, dentists, and dental auxiliaries) and aware of their responsibilities and limitations. This article presents a brief review showing some cases of malpractice in dentistry in Nepal.
Epidemiology of Femur Fractures in Children: A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study Based on a Rural Population of Nepal
Authors: Rokaya Poojan Kumar , Karki Dhan Bahadur , Rawal Mangal , Limbu Deoman , Acharya Bishnu Dutta , Bhandari Pratap Babu
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Femur fracture in children is one of the most common lower limb fractures which require inpatient care. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiology of femoral shaft fractures in children from a rural population of Karnali Nepal.

Methods: Hospital records were retrospectively reviewed from May 2017 to April 2020 to identify all the children with femur fracture. Sociodemographic profile, mode of injury, fracture pattern and location, time of presentation, initial treatment by traditional bone setters, treatment method and duration of hospital stay were noted. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.

Results: Altogether 104 children were identified. The mean age was 5.55 years and boys predominated 65 (62.5%). Falls were the major mode of injury in 65 (62.4%) patients. Fractures were frequently noted between April 15 to August 15. There were four (3.8%) open fractures and concurrent fracture observed in eight (7.6%) patients. Ten (9.6%) children received prior treatment from traditional bonesetters. Treatment methods included hip spica 62 (59.6%), elastic intramedullary nailing 30 (28.8%) and plate fixation 12 (11.5%). The duration of hospital stay in the nailing and plate fixation group was 11.43 days and 18 days respectively.

Conclusions: Fracture was common in 2-6 years of age group in boys during summer. Fall from cliff, rooftop and ladder were the major preventable cause of fracture. Delayed presentation and prior treatment with traditional bone setters add special challenges to orthopedic surgeons working in rural teaching hospital.
Myocysticercosis as a Rare Cause of Hand Swelling involving Thenar Group of Muscles: A Case Report
Authors: KC Saugat , Neupane Gaurav , Regmi Anand , Shrestha Sujit
Published: November 2020

Larval form of Taenia solium causes cysticercosis that commonly involves the central nervous system. Other sites of manifestation are eye, gastrointestinal system, skeletal muscles and subcutaneous tissues. Isolated muscular involvement is rare with only a handful of cases reported in the literature. We present this case of an isolated symtomatic hand swelling due to Myocysticercosis which pose diagnostic dilemma. This should be considered in differential diagnosis in our developing nation and especially in endemic region. High resolution ultrasound of the hand (thenar region) helped in the diagnosis and is often diagnostic like in our case. The treatment of choice of an isolated symptomatic lesion without involvement of central nervous system is surgical excision which we did followed by short course of antiheminthic and anti-inflammatory medication for two weeks.
Prevalence of Tracheoesophageal Anomaly Cases among Neonates Undergoing Surgery in a Tertiary Care Children’s Hospital
Authors: Basnet Bal Mukunda , Simkhada Prashant , Thapa Anupama , Singh Rajkumar
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Tracheo-oesophageal anomaly is the abnormal communication between trachea and oesophagus. The most common type of tracheo-oesophageal anomaly is oesophageal atreasia with distal tracheo oesophageal fistula. Tracheo-oesophageal anomaly is a common neonatal problem requiring an urgent surgery. Tracheo-oesophageal anomaly can be diagnosed as an isolated malformation or as part of polymalformative syndrome with possible vertebrae anomalies also known as Vacterl syndrome. The aim of the study is to find out the prevalence of tracheo-oesophageal anomaly cases among neonates undergoing surgery in a tertiary care childrens hospital in Nepal.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary care children’s hospital in Nepal taking into account the medical records from period of 01 Jan, 2018 to Dec 31, 2019. Study population included the infants undergoing operative procedure in the operation theatre of Kanti Children’s Hospital. The calculated sample size was 306. Data was collected by retrospective chart review technique and listed in performa. Consecutive sampling technique was used. Thus collected data was entered in SPSS version 20 and necessary calculations were done.

Results: The prevalence of tracheo-oesophageal anomalies was found out to be 30 (9.8%) at 95% confidence interval. The most common problem, with which infants were brought to Kanti Children’s Hospital, that required urgent neonatal surgical intervention was anorectal malformation constituting 94 (30.72%) of the surgeries followed by intestinal obstruction 76 (24.84%) which included duodenal atresia, jujunal atresia and ileal atresia.

Conclusions: Tracheo-oesophageal anomaly constitutes a major portion of neonatal disease condition requiring surgery in Nepal.
Clinical Profile of COVID-19 in Children and Research Progress on Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2: A Mini-review
Authors: Gao Qian , Liu Jing , Mu Zhilong , Yan Xianpeng , Shah Jay Narayan , Jiao Fuyong
Published: November 2020

The cases of coronavirusdisease 2019 in children have been increasing with the ongoing pandemic.The finding suggests children have mild symptoms and a short course of the disease. Angiotensinconverting enzyme-2 mediates entry of the virus into the cell, the combination of virus and ACE2 leads to an increase in activity of angiotensin II, resulting in acute injury to lungs, myocardium and other organs. The infection causes down-regulation of ACE2 expression. The ACE2 plays an important role in the infection progression and clinical characteristics of COVID-19. Works on ACE2 and virus spike protein have future prospects of strategic information on prevention, management as well as vaccine development.
Interpersonal Violence during the COVID-19 Lockdown Period in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ghimire Calvin , Acharya Sajan , Shrestha Carmina , KC Prabhat , Singh Swarndeep , Sharma Pawan
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The government issued a country-wide lockdown in Nepal as a measure to curb the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. This has resulted in various difficult experiences which includes financial loss, separation from loved ones, grief, uncertainty over disease status and loss of freedom. During these stressful situations, interpersonal violence is likely to be aggravated. To avoid the occurrence of adverse events such as impulsive acts, homicide, or suicide, it is important to identify high-risk individuals.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, online survey by convenience sampling. The prevalence of different types of interpersonal violence with socio-demographic factors, substance use, and overall mental wellbeing was assessed by using descriptive statistical tests.

Results: Out of total 556 participants included in the analysis, 50.9% (283) were male and 48.7% (271) were female. There were 100 (18.0%) participants who reported being a victim of interpersonal violence and 101 (18.2%) participants who reported being a perpetrator during the lockdown. The victims of violence were more likely to be living with their spouse alone. The victims and perpetrators were also more likely to have increased alcohol and tobacco use. More number of victims and perpetrators had lower mental wellbeing scores on the WHO wellbeing index.

Conclusions: There was prevalence of interpersonal violence during the COVID-19 lockdown. In addition to the fear regarding pandemic, victims have to face domestic violence placing them at a double injustice. Identification of vulnerable groups and proper management of survivors must be prioritized given the unanimous consensus on the rise of interpersonal violence during periods of heightened stress.
Tertullian on the paradox of the Roman amphitheatre games: "De spectaculis" 22
Authors: Burliga Bogdan
Published: November 2020

Tematem artykułu jest ciekawy paradoks, o jakim mówi Tertulian w rozdzia­le 22. swego traktatu O widowiskach. Jest rzeczą wiadomą, że stanowisko tego żarliwego obrońcy wiary chrześcijańskiej było jak najbardziej nieprzychylne dawnej rzymskiej instytucji walk na arenie, wyścigów konnych i przedstawień scenicznych – Tertulian widział w nich niebezpieczeństwo i zagrożenie dla mo­ralności chrześcijan. Przy okazji zwrócił on również uwagę na samo podejście Rzymian do walczących i skazańców, wskazując na sprzeczność w postawie tak organizatorów, jak i tłumów oglądających spektakle. Z jednej strony, walczący byli dla tłumów bohaterami areny, z drugiej ludźmi jednocześnie pogardzanymi i wyszydzanymi, zmuszanymi do upokarzających występów. Przyczynę takiego stanu rzeczy autor trafnie dostrzega w braku utrwalonych wzorców etycznych u Rzymian, w swoistym pomieszaniu pojęć dobra i zła. Instytucjami, które utrwa­lały taki stan rzeczy, były właśnie publiczne formy rozrywki.
Posłuszeństwo monastyczne w prawodawstwie pachomiańskim i bazyliańskim
Authors: Ciemała Marianna
Published: November 2020

Obedience was one of the fundamental principles of community life in monas­teries in the first centuries. Based on the analysis of the texts of St. Pachomius’ and St. Basil’s legislation, the article addresses the issue of different correlations taking place within the framework of monastic obedience. The texts of the Rule of St. Pachomius as well as of the Asketikon of St. Basil the Great show that in the ceno­bitical life there was a close relationship between obedience to God, to His word, to the rule of life, to superiors, and, to some extent even to all brothers. Sacred Scripture was considered the primary, or even the only, rule of life for the ceno­bites. Both the Pachomius and Basil in their Rules put a strong accent on obedience to God, which, in practice, was realized in keeping His commandments. The main role of superiors was to lead the brothers to the fullness of salvation. They were to do it with care and responsibility. The analysis of the texts on superiors found that they indicated that the superiors had the obligation to be the first in keeping the God’s commandments as well as in obeying the Rule and the precepts of the elders. Obedience to superiors was understood as being the same as obedience to God, but was dependent according to the way the superiors fulfill their dutes of preaching the word of God and living their lives in agreement to their teaching.
Poezja religijna w kręgu mnichów Zakonu Grobu Bożego w Polsce – Gemmae sacrosanctae crucis Jakuba Pawła Radlińskiego
Authors: Milewska-Waźbińska Barbara
Published: November 2020

Jakub Paweł Radliński was a General of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre in Miechow between 1744-1765. In 1755 he published in Krakow a religious book Gemmae Sacrosanctae Crucis Nostri Domini Jesu Christi (Jewels of the Sacred Cross of Our Lord Jesus Christ). It is a collection of nearly 150 Latin epigrams preceded by lemmas. The work consists of two parts. In the first section the author develops themes and symbols (figurae) drawn from Scripture, both from the Old, and from the New Testament. The second part contains predictions (prophetiae) on St. Cross. The poems are related to emblems, which were popular in the first half of the eighteenth century. Radliński’s Latin book is worth reminding because of its religious and literary values.
Czy Ewagriusz z Pontu został rzeczywiście potępiony?
Authors: Misiarczyk Leszek
Published: November 2020

The article in the first part tries to prove on the basis of the arguments raised in recent studies, especially of A. Casiday, that there are no serious reasons to consider the syriac version S 2 of Kephalaia Gnostica as authentic and the ver­sion S 1 as expurged from Origenism. It seems quite the contrary, the version S 1 would be authentic and S 2 would has been contaminated by Origenism of sixth century. So Evagrius would not be the central figure in the so-called first Origenist controversy in the fifth century. In the second part author shows that the name of Evagrius does not appear in the Second Council of Constantinople in 553, in Epistula Synodum de Origene and in Edictum contra Origenem of Justinian. He was condemned probably only by some endemic synod before the official opening of the Council in 553. The question re­garding the real validity of this condemnation still remains open. The III Council of Constantinople in 680-681, II Nicean in 787 and patristic authors simply repeat the condemnation of the previus endemic synod without examining the case.