bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modeling of antihypertensive therapy
Authors: Kutumova Elena , Kiselev Ilya , Sharipov Ruslan , Lifshits Galina , Kolpakov Fedor
Published: December 2022

Hypertension is a multifactorial disease arising from complex pathophysiological pathways. Individual characteristics of patients result in different responses to various classes of antihypertensive medications. Therefore, evaluating the efficacy of therapy based on in silico predictions is an important task. This study is a continuation of research on the modular agent-based model of the cardiovascular and renal systems (presented in the previously published article). In the current work, we included in the model equations simulating the response to antihypertensive therapies with different mechanisms of action. For this, we used the pharmacodynamic effects of the angiotensin II receptor blocker losartan, the calcium channel blocker amlodipine, the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril, the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren, the thiazide diuretic hydrochlorothiazide, and the β-blocker bisoprolol. We fitted therapy parameters based on known clinical trials for all considered medications, and then tested the model’s ability to show reasonable dynamics (expected by clinical observations) after treatment with individual drugs and their dual combinations in a group of virtual patients with hypertension. The extended model paves the way for the next step in personalized medicine that is adapting the model parameters to a real patient and predicting his response to antihypertensive therapy. The model is implemented in the BioUML software and is available at https://gitlab.sirius-web.org/virtual-patient/antihypertensive-treatment-modeling.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of the NPF genes provide new insight into low nitrogen tolerance in Setaria
Authors: Cheng Jinjin , Tan Helin , Shan Meng , Duan Mengmeng , Ye Ling , Yang Yulu , He Lu , Shen Huimin , Yang Zhirong , Wang Xingchun
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Nitrogen (N) is essential for plant growth and yield production and can be taken up from soil in the form of nitrate or peptides. The NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER family (NPF) genes play important roles in the uptake and transportation of these two forms of N.

Methods

Bioinformatic analysis was used to identify and characterize the NPF genes in Setaria. RNA-seq was employed to analyze time-series low nitrate stress response of the SiNPF genes. Yeast and Arabidopsis mutant complementation were used to test the nitrate transport ability of SiNRT1.1B1 and SiNRT1.1B2.

Results

We identified 92 and 88 putative NPF genes from foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) and its wild ancestor green foxtail (Setaria viridis L.), respectively. These NPF genes were divided into eight groups according to their sequence characteristics and phylogenetic relationship, with similar intron-exon structure and motifs in the same subfamily. Twenty-six tandem duplication and 13 segmental duplication events promoted the expansion of SiNPF gene family. Interestingly, we found that the tandem duplication of the SiNRT1.1B gene might contribute to low nitrogen tolerance of foxtail millet. The gene expression atlas showed that the SiNPFs were divided into two major clusters, which were mainly expressed in root and the above ground tissues, respectively. Time series transcriptomic analysis further revealed the response of these SiNPF genes to short- and long- time low nitrate stress. To provide natural variation of gene information, we carried out a haplotype analysis of these SiNPFs and identified 2,924 SNPs and 400 InDels based on the re-sequence data of 398 foxtail millet accessions. We also predicted the three-dimensional structure of the 92 SiNPFs and found that the conserved proline 492 residues were not in the substrate binding pocket. The interactions of SiNPF proteins with NO3− were analyzed using molecular docking and the pockets were then identified. We found that the SiNPFs NO3− binding energy ranged from-3.4 to -2.1 kcal/mol.

Discussion

Taken together, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the NPF gene family in Setaria and will contribute to function dissection of these genes for crop breeding aimed at improving high nitrogen use efficiency.
Allelopathic potential in rice - a biochemical tool for plant defence against weeds
Authors: Rahaman Ferdoushi , Shukor Juraimi Abdul , Rafii Mohd Y. , Uddin Kamal , Hassan Lutful , Chowdhury Abul Kashem , Karim Sarker Mohammad Rezaul , Yusuf Rini Bashir , Yusuff Oladosu , Bashar H. M. Khairul , Hossain Akbar
Published: December 2022

Rice is a key crop for meeting the global food demand and ensuring food security. However, the crop has been facing great problems to combat the weed problem. Synthetic herbicides pose a severe threat to the long-term viability of agricultural output, agroecosystems, and human health. Allelochemicals, secondary metabolites of allelopathic plants, are a powerful tool for biological and eco-friendly weed management. The dynamics of weed species in various situations are determined by crop allelopathy. Phenolics and momilactones are the most common allelochemicals responsible for herbicidal effects in rice. The dispersion of allelochemicals is influenced not only by crop variety but also by climatic conditions. The most volatile chemicals, such as terpenoids, are usually emitted by crop plants in drought-stricken areas whereas the plants in humid zones release phytotoxins that are hydrophilic in nature, including phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The allelochemicals can disrupt the biochemical and physiological processes in weeds causing them to die finally. This study insight into the concepts of allelopathy and allelochemicals, types of allelochemicals, techniques of investigating allelopathic potential in rice, modes of action of allelochemicals, pathways of allelochemical production in plants, biosynthesis of allelochemicals in rice, factors influencing the production of allelochemicals in plants, genetical manipulation through breeding to develop allelopathic traits in rice, the significance of rice allelopathy in sustainable agriculture, etc. Understanding these biological phenomena may thus aid in the development of new and novel weed-control tactics while allowing farmers to manage weeds in an environmentally friendly manner.
The relationship between gratitude and adolescents’ prosocial behavior: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Zhang Ding
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The development of prosocial behavior is an important embodiment of youth socialization. Cultivating adolescents’ prosocial behaviors can be beneficial to individuals form correct outlook on life and values, and has a profound impact on promoting the harmonious development of society.

Methods

This manuscript constructs a model to explain the mediating role of sense of meaning in life between gratitude and prosocial behavior and the moderating role of self-esteem in the mediating path. From the analysis of the data of 2,735 questionnaires utilizing SPSS 22.

Results

(1) Gratitude has a significant positive effect on prosocial behavior; (2) sense of meaning in life plays a mediating influence on the relationship between gratitude and prosocial behavior; and (3) self-esteem has a moderating impact on relationship between sense of meaning in life and prosocial behavior, which means that adolescents with high self-esteem experience a stronger positive effect of a sense of life’s meaning on their prosocial behavior.

Discussion

These findings not only add to research on the relationship between gratitude and prosocial behavior, but also provide ideas for improving adolescent prosocial behavior. Theoretical and practical implications, along with limitations and future research directions, were discussed.
Structural validity of the Norwegian version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in children aged 3–6 years
Authors: Aadland Katrine Nyvoll , Lervåg Arne , Ommundsen Yngvar , Aadland Eivind
Published: December 2022

Introduction

This study examined the structural validity of the teacher-report Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in Norwegian preschoolers aged 3–6 years. We tested the original five-factor structure, the five-factor structure with two broader second-order factors, and a three-factor structure, all suggested in the literature. Since the positively worded items in SDQ have been shown to introduce noise, we also examined all three structures with a positive construal method factor for these items.

Methods

Preschool teachers from 43 preschools completed the SDQ questionnaire for 1,142 children [48% girls, mean age 4.3 (SD 0.9) years]. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to estimate and compare the six models. Measurement invariance was tested across sex (multi-group approach) and age (multiple-indicator multiple-cause approach).

Results

The original five-factor structure of SDQ was supported, where the model fit improved when including a method factor for positively worded items. Both models showed scalar invariance across sex and age. The second-order and the three-factor structures were not supported.

Conclusion

We recommend using the original five-factor structure when using SDQ for both clinical and research purposes in young children and adding a method factor when using structural equation modeling.
Being a team player: Approaching team coordination in sports in dialog with ecological and praxeological approaches
Authors: Thonhauser Gerhard
Published: December 2022

This paper discusses key conceptual resources for an understanding of coordination processes in team sports. It begins by exploring the action guidance provided by the environment, studied in terms of affordances. When conceptualizing sporting performances in general, we might distinguish social and object affordances, think about the spatial and temporal order of affordances in terms of nested and sequential affordances, and differentiate between global, main, and micro-affordances within an action sequence. In the context of team sports, it is crucial to understand how affordances might be given to a plurality of athletes. For that purpose, the paper defines shared, common, and collective affordances. A distinguishing characteristic of team sports is the key role of collaborative intra-team coordination which take place within a setting of antagonistic team-team interactions. A key proposal from dynamical systems theory is to conceptualize intra-team coordination in terms of synergies. Synergies are emergent systems of several athletes who coordinate their movements to achieve specific performance tasks. Many of the embodied skills that players need to develop to become suitable participants in the coordination processes of sport teams are abilities to participate in dynamic sequences of collective activity. Praxeological approaches have emphasized that training processes in team sports are aimed at transforming athletes into skillful participants in sequences of collective play. Athletes need to develop their ability-to-play-with to become proficient in contributing to the formation of suitable collectives for specific performance tasks.
Examining the role of employability as a mediator in the relationship between psychological capital and objective career success amongst occupational psychology professionals
Authors: Elsey Vicki , Van der Heijden Beatrice , Smith Michael A. , Moss Mark
Published: December 2022

Employability is core to our understanding of career sustainability, and at an individual level, identifying the personal resources that support employability in the achievement of career success is warranted. This study builds on the conservation of resources theory, examining the role of employability as a mediator in the relationship between psychological capital and objective career success. To test our hypotheses, we utilised a context-specific practitioner sample of 135 individuals with UK-accredited occupational psychology qualifications. Employability was conceptualised using the competence-based model, underpinned by occupational expertise. Psychological capital and employability were measured using self-report questionnaires, whilst career success was determined via gross annual salary and practitioner status, ensuring objective measures of this outcome variable. Structural equation modelling identified that the relationship between psychological capital and objective career success was fully mediated by employability. These novel findings have important theoretical and practical implications for the role of psychological capital as a personal resource in achieving career success via its influence on employability.
Implementation of the compulsory universal testing scheme in Hong Kong: Mathematical simulations of a household-based pooling approach
Authors: Ng Kei Shing , Hon Jeffrey Man Hin , Chong Stephen Chau Chun , Cheung Howard Ho Kan , Chan Jeffrey , Lam Simon Ching , Hon Benny Yiu Chung
Published: December 2022

This study aims to propose a pooling approach to simulate the compulsory universal RT-PCR test in Hong Kong and explore the feasibility of implementing the pooling method on a household basis. The mathematical model is initially verified, and then the simulation is performed under different prevalence rates and pooled sizes. The simulated population is based in Hong Kong. The simulation included 10,000,000 swab samples, with a representative distribution of populations in Hong Kong. The samples were grouped into a batch size of 20. If the entire batch is positive, then the group is further divided into an identical group size of 10 for re-testing. Different combinations of mini-group sizes were also investigated. The proposed pooling method was extended to a household basis. A representative from each household is required to perform the RT-PCR test. Results of the simulation replications, indicate a significant reduction (p < 0.001) of 83.62, 64.18, and 48.46% in the testing volume for prevalence rate 1, 3, and 5%, respectively. Combined with the household-based pooling approach, the total number of RT-PCR is 437,304, 956,133, and 1,375,795 for prevalence rates 1, 3, and 5%, respectively. The household-based pooling strategy showed efficiency when the prevalence rates in the population were low. This pooling strategy can rapidly screen people in high-risk groups for COVID-19 infections and quarantine those who test positive, even when time and resources for testing are limited.
Scalable production of large components by industrial robots and machine tools through segmentation
Authors: Schnellhardt Thorben , Hemschik Rico , Weiß Arno , Schoesau Rene , Hellmich Arvid , Ihlenfeldt Steffen
Published: December 2022

The production of large components currently requires cost-intensive special machine tools with large workspaces. The corresponding process chains are usually sequential and hard to scale. Furthermore, large components are usually manufactured in small batches; consequently, the planning effort has a significant share in the manufacturing costs. This paper presents a novel approach for manufacturing large components by industrial robots and machine tools through segmented manufacturing. This leads to a decoupling of component size and necessary workspace and enables a new type of flexible and scalable manufacturing system. The presented solution is based on the automatic segmentation of the CAD model of the component into segments, which are provided with predefined connection elements. The proposed segmentation strategy divides the part into segments whose structural design is adapted to the capabilities (workspace, axis configuration, etc.) of the field components available on the shopfloor. The capabilities are provided by specific information models containing a self-description. The process planning step of each segment is automated by utilizing the similarity of the segments and the self-description of the corresponding field component. The result is a transformation of a batch size one production into an automated quasi-serial production of the segments. To generate the final component geometry, the individual segments are mounted and joined by robot-guided Direct Energy Deposition. The final surface finish is achieved by post-processing using a mobile machine tool coupled to the component. The entire approach is demonstrated along the process chain for manufacturing a forming tool.
The Concussion Challenge Assessment: Development and reliability of a novel gross motor assessment tool for paediatric concussion
Authors: Tanel Michelle R. , Gupta Christopher , Wilson Katherine E. , Murphy James , Wright F. Virginia , Reed Nick
Published: December 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to develop a gross motor performance clinical assessment tool, the Concussion Challenge Assessment (CCA), for paediatric concussion populations.

Methods

An expert panel evaluated tasks from the Acquired Brain Injury Challenge Assessment to determine relevant tasks for a paediatric concussion population. These tasks were administered to a convenience sample of 854 healthy youth. An analysis of the response options for each task, considering task difficulty, was performed. The test–retest reliability of each task was considered to finalise the tool.

Results

The Acquired Brain Injury Challenge Assessment was reduced to six tasks (three coordination, two speed and agility, and one strength) to create the CCA. Population-specific 4-point response options were generated, which, upon examination of task difficulty, were revised as 5-point response sets to better capture performance differences. The test–retest reliability results led to acceptance of all six: three performance tasks and three exertion tasks.

Conclusion

This development of the CCA is an important step in creating a gross motor performance assessment tool that can assist in the determination of when youth are able to safely return to activity following a concussion.
A study on agricultural investment along the Belt and Road
Authors: Tian Jiajun , Liu Youjin
Published: December 2022

On the basis of the theories of overseas foreign direct investment (OFDI) and New Economic Geography, the factors influencing the grain industry investment in the countries along the Belt and Road (herein after referred to as the “B&R countries”) were discussed, and the impacts of such investment in terms of the bilateral economic distance, institutional environments and the farmland resource levels of host countries were analyzed in depth in this study, thus expanding the theoretical analysis framework of OFDI. Empirically, the dependence on China's overseas investment was applied to measure the bilateral economic distance, and these two variables were incorporated into the empirical model along with the location characteristics of the institutional environments of host countries. The Zero-inflated Poisson Model was applied to analyze China and the B&R countries. A conclusion derived is as follows: the farmland resources of the B&R countries have a positive impact on China's overseas farmland investment, and the location characteristics of the B&R countries vary greatly. China should confer great importance to regional comparative advantages, conduct differentiated cooperation in farmland investment, strengthen the conservation of water and land resources and safeguard of farmers' livelihoods in the less developed regions, and guarantee the grain security in developing countries, while valuing the distribution and sales of agricultural products in developed regions and greatly enhance the ties between enterprises and local markets to ensure the sustainable development of grain industry investment projects in the B&R countries.
Deamination of 1-Aminoalkylphosphonic Acids: Reaction Intermediates and Selectivity
Authors: Brol Anna , Olszewski Tomasz K.
Published: December 2022

Deamination of 1-aminoalkylphosphonic acids in the reaction with HNO2 (generated “in situ” from NaNO2) yields a mixture of substitution products (1-hydroxyalkylphosphonic acids), elimination products (vinylphosphonic acid derivatives), rearrangement and substitution products (2-hydroxylkylphosphonic acids) as well as H3PO4. The variety of formed reaction products suggests that 1-phosphonoalkylium ions may be intermediates in such deamination reactions.
The Synergistic Mechanism of Total Saponins and Flavonoids in Notoginseng–Safflower against Myocardial Infarction Using a Comprehensive Metabolomics Strategy
Authors: Fang Meng , Meng Yuqing , Du Zhiyong , Guo Mengqiu , Jiang Yong , Tu Pengfei , Hua Kun , Lu Yingyuan , Guo Xiaoyu
Published: December 2022

Notoginseng and safflower are commonly used traditional Chinese medicines for benefiting qi and activating blood circulation. A previous study by our group showed that the compatibility of the effective components of total saponins of notoginseng (NS) and total flavonoids of safflower (SF), named NS–SF, had a preventive effect on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. However, the therapeutic effect on MI and the synergistic mechanism of NS–SF are still unclear. Therefore, integrated metabolomics, combined with immunohistochemistry and other pharmacological methods, was used to systematically research the therapeutic effect of NS–SF on MI rats and the synergistic mechanism of NS and SF. Compared to NS and SF, the results demonstrated that NS–SF exhibited a significantly better role in ameliorating myocardial damage, apoptosis, easing oxidative stress and anti-inflammation. NS–SF showed a more significant regulatory effect on metabolites involved in sphingolipid metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle, such as sphingosine, lysophosphatidylcholine (18:0), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (22:5/0:0), chenodeoxycholic acid, L-valine, glycine, and succinate, than NS or SF alone, indicating that NS and SF produced a synergistic effect on the treatment of MI. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the clinical development of NS–SF.
Synthesis of New Cobalt(III) Meso-Porphyrin Complex, Photochemical, X-ray Diffraction, and Electrical Properties for Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Nasri Soumaya , Guergueb Mouhieddinne , Brahmi Jihed , Al-Ghamdi Youssef O. , Molton Florian , Loiseau Frédérique , Turowska-Tyrk Ilona , Nasri Habib
Published: December 2022

The present work describes the preparation and characterization of a new cobalt(III) porphyrin coordination compound named (chlorido)(nicotinoylchloride)[meso-tetra(para-chlorophenyl)porphyrinato]cobalt(III) dichloromethane monosolvate with the formula [CoIII(TClPP)Cl(NTC)]·CH2Cl2 (4). The single-crystal X-ray molecular structure of 4 shows very important ruffling and waving distortions of the porphyrin macrocycle. The Soret and Q absorption bands of 4 are very red-shifted as a consequence of the very distorted porphyrin core. This coordination compound was also studied by fluorescence and cyclic voltammetry. The efficiency of our four porphyrinic compounds—the H2TClPP (1) free-base porphyrin, the [CoII(TClPP)] (2) and [CoIII(TClPP)Cl] (3) starting materials, and the new Co(III) metalloporphyrin [CoIII(TClPP)Cl(NTC)]·CH2Cl2 (4)—as catalysts in the photochemical degradation was tested on malachite green (MG) dye. The current voltage of complexes 3 and 4 was also studied. Electrical parameters, including the saturation current density (Js) and barrier height (ϕb), were measured.
Comment on Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Terpenes from Senecio (Asteraceae): Chemistry and Research Gaps in Africa
Authors: Sadgrove Nicholas John
Published: December 2022

The genus Senecio is one of the largest in Asteraceae. There are thousands of species across the globe, either confirmed or awaiting taxonomic delimitation. While the species are best known for the toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids that contaminate honeys (as bees select pollen from the species) and teas via lateral transfer and accumulation from adjacent roots of Senecio in the rhizosphere, they are also associated with more serious cases leading to fatality of grazing ruminants or people by contamination or accidental harvesting for medicine. Surprisingly, there are significantly more sesquiterpenoid than pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing species. The main chemical classes, aside from alkaloids, are flavonoids, cacalols, eremophilanes, and bisabolols, often in the form of furan derivatives or free acids. The chemistry of the species across the globe generally overlaps with the 469 confirmed species of Africa. A small number of species express multiple classes of compounds, meaning the presence of sesquiterpenes does not exclude alkaloids. It is possible that there are many species that express the pyrrolizidine alkaloids, in addition to the cacalols, eremophilanes, and bisabolols. The aim of the current communication is, thus, to identify the research gaps related to the chemistry of African species of Senecio and reveal the possible chemical groups in unexplored taxa by way of example, thereby creating a summary of references that could be used to guide chemical assignment in future studies.
Anlotinib Exerts Inhibitory Effects against Cisplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Ji Yurou , Li Xinyu , Qi Yue , Zhao Jianguo , Zhang Wenwen , Qu Pengpeng
Published: December 2022

Background: Anlotinib is a highly potent multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Accumulating evidence suggests that anlotinib exhibits effective anti-tumor activity against various cancer subtypes. However, the effects of anlotinib against cisplatin-resistant (CIS) ovarian cancer (OC) are yet to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of anlotinib on the pathogenesis of cisplatin-resistant OC. Materials and Methods: Human OC cell lines (A2780 and A2780 CIS) were cultured and treated with or without anlotinib. The effects of anlotinib on cell proliferation were determined using cell-counting kit-8 and colony-formation assays. To evaluate the invasion and metastasis of OC cells, we performed wound-healing and transwell assays. The cell cycle was analyzed via flow cytometry. A xenograft mouse model was used to conduct in vivo studies to verify the effects of anlotinib. The expression of Ki-67 in the tumor tissue was detected via immunohistochemistry. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to measure the mRNA and protein levels. Results: Our study revealed that anlotinib significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A2780 and A2780 CIS in a dose-dependent way in vitro (p < 0.05). Through R software ‘limma’ package analysis of GSE15372, it was found that, in comparison with A2780, PLK2 was expressed in significantly low levels in the corresponding cisplatin-resistant strains. The ERK1/2/Plk2 signaling axis mediates the inhibitory effect of anlotinib on the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cell lines. Moreover, our research found that anlotinib effectively inhibited the growth of tumor cells in an OC xenograft mouse model. Conclusions: In this study, anlotinib showed excellent inhibitory effects against cisplatin-resistant OC both in vitro and in vivo. These results add to the growing body of evidence supporting anlotinib as a potential anticancer agent against OC.
Effects of Rhapontigenin as a Novel Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor on Exoenzymes and Biofilm Formation of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and Its Application in Vegetables
Authors: Li Bincheng , Huang Jiaoli , Yi Youjin , Liu Sisi , Liu Rukuan , Xiao Zhihong , Li Changzhu
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to devise a method to protect Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) from bacterial-disease-induced damage during storage. Thus, the potential of rhapontigenin as a quorum sensing (QS) inhibitor against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (P. carotovorum) was evaluated. The QS inhibitory effects of rhapontigenin were confirmed by significant inhibition of the production of violacein in Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 (C. violaceum, CV026). The inhibitory effects of rhapontigenin on the motility, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, biofilm formation and virulence–exoenzyme synthesis of P. carotovorum were investigated. Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) were quantified using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The inhibitory effects of rhapontigenin on the development of biofilms were observed using fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A direct-inoculation assay was performed to investigate the QS inhibitory effects of rhapontigenin on P. carotovorum in Chinese cabbage and lettuce. Our results demonstrated that rhapontigenin exhibited significant inhibition (p < 0.05) of the motility, EPS production, biofilm formation, virulence–exoenzyme synthesis and AHL production of P. carotovorum. Additionally, the result of the direct-inoculation assay revealed that rhapontigenin might provide vegetables with significant shelf-life extension and prevent quality loss by controlling the spread of soft-rot symptoms. Consequently, the study provided a significant insight into the potential of rhapontigenin as a QS inhibitor against P. carotovorum.
The Detailed Pharmacodynamics of the Gut Relaxant Effect and GC-MS Analysis of the Grewia tenax Fruit Extract: In Vivo and Ex Vivo Approach
Authors: Rehman Najeeb Ur , Ansari Mohd Nazam , Ahmad Wasim , Amir Mohd
Published: December 2022

The study was performed to assess and rationalize the traditional utilization of the fruit part of Grewia tenax (G. tenax). The phytoconstituents present in the methanolic extract were analyzed using Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), while the anti-diarrheal activity was investigated in the Swiss albino mice against castor oil-provoked diarrhea in vivo. The antispasmodic effect and the possible pharmacodynamics of the observed antispasmodic effect were determined in an isolated rat ileum using the organ bath setup as an ex vivo model. GC-MS findings indicate that G. tenax is rich in alcohol (6,6-dideutero-nonen-1-ol-3) as the main constituent (20.98%), while 3-Deoxy-d-mannoic lactone (15.36%) was detected as the second major constituents whereas methyl furfural, pyranone, carboxylic acid, vitamin E, fatty acid ester, hydrocarbon, steroids, sesquiterpenes, phytosterols, and ketones were verified as added constituents in the methanolic extract. In mice, the orally administered G. tenax inhibited the diarrheal episodes significantly (p < 0.05) at 200 mg/kg (40% protection), and this protection was escalated to 80% with the next higher dose of 400 mg/kg. Loperamide (10 mg/kg), a positive control drug, imparted 100% protection, whereas no protection was shown by saline. In isolated rat ileum, G. tenax completely inhibited the carbamylcholine (CCh; 1 µM) and KCl (high K+; 80 mM)-evoked spasms in a concentrations-mediated manner (0.03 to 3 mg/mL) by expressing equal potencies (p > 0.05) against both types of evoked spasms, similar to papaverine, having dual inhibitory actions at phosphodiesterase enzyme (PDE) and Ca2+ channels (CCB). Similar to papaverine, the inhibitory effect of G. tenax on PDE was further confirmed indirectly when G. tenax (0.1 and 0.3 mg/mL) preincubated ileal tissues shifted the isoprenaline-relaxation curve towards the left. Whereas, pre-incubating the tissue with 0.3 and 1 mg/mL of G. tenax established the CCB-like effect by non-specific inhibition of CaCl2–mediated concentration-response curves towards the right with suppression of the maximum peaks, similar to verapamil, a standard CCB. Thus, the present investigation revealed the phytochemical constituents and explored the detailed pharmacodynamic basis for the curative use of G. tenax in diarrhea and hyperactive gut motility disorders.
Inclusion of activated sea buckthorn oil cake and feed additive based on it in the ration of cows in the period of increasing the milk yield
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Gorno-Altaisk State University”, Russia, Altai Republic, Gorno-Altaisk, Shevchenko S. A. , Zaborskikh E. Yu. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Gorno-Altaisk State University”, Russia, Altai Republic, Gorno-Altaisk
Published: December 2022

Simmental breed of cattle has a unique origin and is characterized by high plasticity and versatility, thanks to which it is widely distributed in many countries around the world. The reasons for the insuffi cient dairy productivity of cows in the farms of the Altai Republic such as the absence of their own breeding base since 2012, unbalanced feeding during the stall period, due to the low quality of bulky feed and a shortage of their own feed grain at high market prices for it. Therefore, it is obvious the relevance of studying the usefulness of feeding cows of the dairy herd of Simmental breed under the conditions of the Altai Republic and the development of targeted feed additives that contribute to a more complete realization of the genetic potential of dairy productivity, taking into account the peculiarities of the structure of the ration, contributing to the production of organic dairy products with increased biological value and optimal technological characteristics. The purpose of the work was to study the productivity traits of Simmental breed cows in the period of increasing the milk yield when feeding activated sea buckthorn oil cake and feed additive based on it. As a result of the use of activated fermented sea buckthorn oil cake and a feed additive based on it in feeding cows for 50 days of lactation, due to an increase in milk productivity and the percentage of fat and protein in milk, additional profit was obtained per 1 cow in the 1st experimental group of 1277,5 rubles and in the 2nd experimental group – 3064,5 rubles. The results obtained prove the eff ectiveness of the use of activated sea buckthorn oil cake and feed additive based on it in the rations of cows Simmental breed.
Improving the productive traits of steers when using selenium-containing feed additives in their rations
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Volgograd State Agrarian University”, Russia, Volgograd, Kulik D. K. , Varakin A. T. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Volgograd State Agrarian University”, Russia, Volgograd, Salomatin V. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Volgograd State Agrarian University”, Russia, Volgograd
Published: December 2022

Currently, there is great interest in the use of selenium preparations in animal husbandry. Chickpeas are high in selenium and protein. The feed additive benut made on the basis of chickpeas has a high content of selenium. At the same time, an active interaction of selenium with proteins was revealed. In this regard, the study of the beef productivity of steers when using the drug DAFS-25 in the ration separately and together with the feed additive benut is important and relevant. The purpose of the work was to increase the meat productivity and quality of beef of steers when using the selenium-containing drug DAFS-25 in rations separately and in combination with the high-protein feed additive benut. In the experiment, the steers of the 1st control group received the main ration (MR); the 2nd experimental – MR + DAFS-25 (1,6 mg/kg of concentrates); the 3rd experimental – MR + 0,5 kg of benut feed additive (0,5 kg/head/day) instead of an equivalent amount of concentrates + DAFS-25 to ensure the content of selenium, as in the ration of animals of the 2nd experimental group. The beef productivity of fattened steers of Aberdeen Angus breed, indicators of blood composition, digestibility and assimilation of feed nutrients, beef quality and effi ciency of its production were studied. The economic evaluation of the research results showed that on average 1 head additional costs from the use of selenium-containing additives amounted to 140,6 rubles in the 2nd experimental group and 138,7 rubles in the 3rd experimental group. The use of these additives made it possible to reduce the prime-cost of 1 c of growth in the 2nd experimental group by 24,9 and the 3rd group by 265,8 rubles. Profi ts from the sale of beef in the 2nd experimental group were received by 84,4 rubles more and in the 3rd group by 574,8 rubles more than in the 1st control group. In the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups the level of profitability increased by 1,2 and 13,2 abs.% compared with the 1st experimental group, where it amounted to 27,3 %.
Cultivation of leguminous crops in the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P. A. Stolypin”, Russia, Ulyanovsk, Toigildin A. L. , Mustafina R. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University named after P. A. Stolypin”, Russia, Ulyanovsk
Published: December 2022

In the system of agriculture an important place belongs to legume phytocenoses, which have a unique ability as biological fixation of nitrogen, and increasing its share in the formation of crop yields becomes an urgent task in the system of ecologization of agriculture. The inclusion of grain legumes in the structure of sown areas will allow obtaining feed resources valuable in amino acid composition, developing crop rotations based on the principles of seed exchange, supporting biodiversity. The purpose of the research was to study the cultivation of leguminous crops in the forest–steppe zone of the Middle Volga region in order to increase the potential productivity of agrophytocenoses. Under the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region the infl uence of basic tillage techniques and plant protection levels on soil fertility indicators, the phytosanitary condition of crops, the activity of the symbiotic apparatus, yield and feed productivity of soybean, pea, lupine and chickpea was studied in a long-term stationary field experiment. The use of combined tillage in crop rotation increased the productivity of symbiotic nitrogen fi xation of grain legumes by 3,5–5,2 kg/ha or by 7,1–12,4 %, their yield by 0,23–0,33 t/ha or 10,3–15,9 %. Etching of seeds of grain legumes with the preparation Delit Pro, CS (pyraclostrobin, 200 g/l) 0,5 l/t together with the biopreparation BisolbiSan, Zh (Bacillus subtilis, strain Ch-13) 1,0 l/t reduced the spread of root rot of soybean by 93,7 %, pea by 96,2 %, lupine by 83,3 and chickpea by 91,5 %, increasing the productivity of symbiotic nitrogen fixation by 3,4–4,2 kg/ha or by 10,0–15,5 % and yield by 0,16–0,22 t/ha or 9,2–11,0 %.
ISLAM MODERATE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Faqihuddin Ahmad
Published: December 2022

Islam is a religion of peace, meaning that Islam does not justify violent practices, in a radical way to achieve a political goal or to maintain a belief that is considered sacred. Religion, which should be a guide for a friendly and tolerant life, has resulted in violence and terrorism. This means that there is a mistake in understanding and implementing fundamental religious teachings. Isn't it the opposite, Islam taught by the Prophet Muhammad SAW, in fact, proves to be a religion that upholds peace, compassion, and respects peace? The mission of Islam brought by the Prophet Muhammad SAW to mankind is peace (salam), this is why this religion is not called Mohammadanism, Arabism, or other isms, but this religion is called Islam which means safety, peace and peace, anyone who preaches Islam must have the principle of prioritizing peace not the other way around. Terrorism and religious radicalism are actually not only a problem of the perpetrators, and not the people who are victims of these actions, but terrorism and radicalism that must be paid attention to are problems of theological beliefs, meaning that the perpetrators can be arrested, imprisoned, and killed, but ideological beliefs and doctrines are not easily abolished. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss a friendly, tolerant, and soothing paradigm of Islamic understanding. This understanding is more suitable for Islamic moderation (Islam Wasathiyah).

Islam adalah agama damai, artinya Islam tidak membenarkan praktek kekerasan, dengan cara radikal untuk mencapai suatu tujuan politik atau untuk mempertahankan keyakinan yang dianggap suci, sangat tidak Islami. Agama yang seharusnya menjadi panduan hidup yang ramah dan toleran jusru menjadi timbulnya kekerasan dan terorisme. Hal ini berarti ada kesalahan dalam memahami dan mengimplementasi ajaran agama yang fundamental. Bukankah sebaliknya, Islam yang diajarkan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW, justru membuktikan sebagai agama yang menjunjung tinggi perdamaian, kasih sayang, dan memahargai perdamaian? misi Islam yang dibawa oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW kepada ummat manusia adalah perdamaian (salam), dari sinilah mengapa agama ini tidak dinamakan Mohammadanisme, Arabisme, atau isme lain, akan tetapi agama ini dinamakan Islam yang berarti selamat, tentram dan damai, siapapun yang mendakwahkan Islam harus berprinsip mengutamakan perdamaian bukan sebaliknya. Terorisme dan radikalisme agama sebenarnya tidak hanya masalah pelakunya, dan bukan pula para orang-orang yang menjadi korban dari aksi tersebut, akan tetapi terorisme dan radikalisme yang harus di perhatikan adalah masalah keyakinan teologis, artinya pelaku bisa ditangkap, dipenjarakan, dan dibunuh, akan tetapi keyakinan dan doktrin ideologinya tidak mudah dihapuskan begitu saja. Oleh karena itu, perlu mewacanakan paradigma pemahaman keislaman yang ramah, toleran, dan menyejukkan. Pemahaman ini lebih cocok pada moderasi Islam (Islam Wasathiyah)
IMPLEMENTATION OF CASH WAQAF MANAGEMENT IN ASSALAM SOCIAL INSTITUTION, JAYAPURA CITY
Authors: Wahib Mohammad
Published: December 2022

Cash waqf has the advantage of being easy to collect because it is not constrained by the complexity of immovable waqf objects such as land and buildings. People can donate their money directly or through the transfer line in a very easy, fast and practical way. One of the organizations actively managing cash waqf in Jayapura City, Papua Province is the Assalam Social Wallet (DSA). This study describes the implementation of cash waqf management in the Assalam Social Wallet in Jayapura City. This research uses descriptive qualitative type with data collection techniques using observation and interviews. From the results of this study it is known that the response of Muslims to the cash waqf program in the Social Institution of Assalam is quite good and significant. However, the empowerment programs run by Dompet Sosial Assalam are still limited and not yet optimal, not yet leading to dynamic, innovative and varied program forms. Cash waqf funds are only used to buy land designated for the location of the Assalam foundation education.

Wakaf tunai atau wakaf uang memiliki keunggulan, yaitu mudah dihimpun karena tidak terkendala dengan kerumitan benda wakaf yang tidak bergerak seperti tanah dan bangunan. Orang yang berwakaf dapat mewakafkan uangnya secara langsung atau lewat jalur transfer dengan cara yang sangat mudah, cepat dan praktis. Salah satu lembaga yang aktif mengelola wakaf tunai di Kota Jayapura Provinsi Papua adalah Dompet Sosial Assalam (DSA). Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan mengenai implementasi pengelolaan wakaf tunai di Dompet Sosial Assalam Kota Jayapura. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Dari hasil penelitian  ini diketahui bahwa  respon umat Islam terhadap program wakaf tunai di Dompet Sosial Assalam cukup baik dan signifikan. Namun program pemberdayaan yang dijalankan DSA masih terbatas dan belum maksimal, belum  mengarah kepada bentuk program yang dinamis, inovatis dan variatif. Dana wakaf tunai hanya dimanfaatkan untuk membeli tanah yang diperuntukkan  bagi  lokasi pendidikan yayasan Assalam.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ARABIC LANGUAGE IN DA’WAH ACTIVITIES: A STUDY OF WOMEN IN DA’WAH
Authors: Yahaya Atiku Garba , Sani Fatima Muhammad
Published: December 2022

This paper is on the importance of Arabic language and its usage in Da’awah activities by women in Da’awah in Nigeria. It also discussed how Arabic is used in Da’awah by Muslim women in Nigeria. It explained the mission and vision of Women in Da’awah (WID) and their various approaches to Da’awah that includes encouragement of the use and study of Arabic language. Likewise, the paper discusses the Da’awah activities of the Women in Da’awah and outline most the da’awah activities carried out by the organization. It also deliberates the importance of the use of the language for Da’awah purpose with evidence from the Qur’an and Sunnah. The paper adopted and used descriptive approach combined with content analysis approach. Arabic is a compulsory language. When Islam stretched and came into contact with other civilizations, Arabic acted as a bridge of scholarship through the movement of translation.

Makalah ini membahas tentang pentingnya bahasa Arab dan penggunaannya dalam kegiatan Dakwah oleh wanita dalam Dakwah di Nigeria. Dibahas pula bagaimana bahasa Arab digunakan dalam dakwah oleh wanita Muslim di Nigeria. Dijelaskan misi dan visi Women in Dakwah (WID) dan berbagai pendekatan mereka terhadap Dakwah yang mencakup dorongan penggunaan dan studi bahasa Arab. Demikian pula, makalah ini membahas kegiatan Dakwah para Wanita dalam Dakwah dan menguraikan sebagian besar kegiatan dakwah yang dilakukan oleh organisasi tersebut. Hal ini juga membahas pentingnya penggunaan bahasa untuk tujuan Dakwah dengan bukti dari Al-Qur'an dan Sunnah. Makalah ini mengadopsi dan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif yang dikombinasikan dengan pendekatan analisis isi. Bahasa Arab adalah bahasa wajib. Ketika Islam merentang dan bersentuhan dengan peradaban lain, bahasa Arab berperan sebagai jembatan keilmuan melalui gerakan penerjemahan.
HOMESCHOOLING AND ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Nasution Sri Mulyani , Choli Ifham
Published: December 2022

Homeschooling which is also called home education is education for children that is carried out at home and is specifically given by a teacher or a professional tutor. Homeschooling in the modern sense is an alternative to formal education in developed countries. In other words, the practice of homeschooling moves schools from a public area to a more private area, namely to the home. There are many pros and cons regarding this issue. To understand more about the problems surrounding home schooling, through library research, it is tried to be traced. From the results of the library search, it is concluded that homeschooling seems to be more recommended for developed countries or parents who understand and control the world of education. This concerns teaching and learning facilities and infrastructure that must be truly adequate for the success of this program.

 

Homeschooling yang juga disebut pendidikan di rumah merupakan pendidikan bagi anak-anak yang dilaksanakan di rumah dan secara khusus diberikan oleh guru atau seorang tutor professional. Homeschooling dalam pengertian modern, merupakan alternatif pendidikan formal di negara-negara maju. Dengan kata lain, praktek homeschooling memindahkan sekolah dari area umum ke area yang lebih privat, yakni ke rumah. Pro-kontra banyak bermunculan berkenaan dengan isu ini. Untuk memahami lebih lanjut mengenai permasalahan seputar home schooling, melalui penelitian kepustakaan dicoba ditelusuri. Dari hasil penelusuran Pustaka, disimpulkan bahwa homeschooling tampaknya lebih direkomendasikan bagi negara yang sudah maju atau orangtua yang memahami dan menguasai dunia Pendidikan. Hal ini menyangkut sarana dan prasarana belajar-mengajar yang harus benar-benar memadai demi suksesnya program ini.