bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Benefit of Recovering Dermatophytes from Skin Swabs Sent for Bacterial Culture
Authors: Mabbott Gillian , Smith Jocelyn , Morris Arthur J.
Published: October 2004

We incubated Sabouraud dextrose agar plates to recover dermatophytes from skin swabs sent for bacterial culture. Dermatophytes were recovered from 66 (0.3%) of 22,613 cultures. Twenty-one patients received specific antifungal treatment when their dermatophyte was reported. Most clinicians thought recovering and reporting the dermatophyte contributed to patient management.
Sequence-Based Typing of
flaB
Is a More Stable Screening Tool Than Typing of
flaA
for Monitoring of
Campylobacter
Populations
Authors: Mellmann Alexander , Mosters Jan , Bartelt Edda , Roggentin Peter , Ammon Andrea , Friedrich Alexander W. , Karch Helge , Harmsen Dag
Published: October 2004

Different typing schemes for
Campylobacter
spp. were evaluated with 70 outbreak and sporadic isolates. The discriminatory indexes were 0.944 (by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis), 0.920 (by genotyping of the flagellin A gene), 0.902 (by genotyping of
flaB
), and 0.886 (by multilocus sequence typing). Cross-classification gave 94.77 or 95.82% (PFGE-
flaA
or PFGE-
flaB
) concordance.
flaA
was overdiscriminatory in three cases, most probably due to intragenomic recombination.
Fluorescent Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Subtyping of Multiresistant
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Typhimurium DT104
Authors: Lawson Andrew J. , Stanley John , Threlfall E. John , Desai Meeta
Published: October 2004

Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP) subtyping analysis was used to genotype multiresistant
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium definitive phage type 104. Thirteen distinct FAFLP profiles were found among 85 isolates exhibiting identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles. A single FAFLP profile was shared by 93% of outbreak-associated isolates and 82% of sporadic isolates. This study demonstrates the value of FAFLP as a high-resolution tool for epidemiological investigation of
Salmonella
.
icaA
Is Not a Useful Diagnostic Marker for Prosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Frank Kristi L. , Hanssen Arlen D. , Patel Robin
Published: October 2004

A collection of 99 staphylococcal isolates associated with prosthetic joint infection and 23 coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from noninfected arthroplasty-associated specimens were screened in order to determine whether the presence of
icaA
could be used to distinguish between pathogens and nonpathogens. All
Staphylococcus aureus
prosthetic joint infection isolates (
n
= 55) were
icaA
positive. A total of 46% (20 out of 44) of coagulase-negative staphylococcal prosthetic joint infection isolates were
icaA
positive, and 30% (7 out of 23) of arthroplasty-associated non-prosthetic joint infection-associated coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates were
icaA
positive (
P
= 0.23). Certain coagulase-negative
Staphylococcus
species appeared more likely to be isolated as either arthroplasty-associated non-prosthetic joint infection-associated isolates (e.g.,
Staphylococcus warneri
and
Staphylococcus hominis
) or pathogens (e.g.,
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
). The presence of
icaA
in a coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolate associated with an arthroplasty is not a useful diagnostic indicator of pathogenicity.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of
Helicobacter pylori
Strains Isolated in Bangladesh
Authors: Nahar Shamsun , Mukhopadhyay Asish K. , Khan Rasel , Ahmad Mian Mashhud , Datta Simanti , Chattopadhyay Santanu , Dhar Swapan Chandra , Sarker Shafiqul Alam , Engstrand Lars , Berg Douglas E. , Nair G. Balakrish , Rahman Motiur
Published: October 2004

Antimicrobial susceptibility of 120
Helicobacter pylori
isolates to metronidazole, tetracycline, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin was determined, and 77.5, 15, 10, and 6.6% of the isolates, respectively, were resistant. Only
rdxA
inactivation and both
rdxA
and
frxA
inactivation were responsible for metronidazole resistance in 66% (8 of 12) and 33% (4 of 12) of the isolates, respectively.
Comparative Analysis of the Schleicher and Schuell IsoCode Stix DNA Isolation Device and the Qiagen QIAamp DNA Mini Kit
Authors: Coyne Susan R. , Craw Philip D. , Norwood David A. , Ulrich Melanie P.
Published: October 2004

Efficient, rapid, and reproducible procedures for isolating high-quality DNA before PCR gene amplification are essential for the diagnostic and molecular identification of pathogenic bacteria. This study evaluated the Qiagen QIAamp DNA Mini Kit and the Schleicher and Schuell IsoCode Stix DNA isolation device for isolating nucleic acid. Buffer, serum, and whole-blood samples were spiked with
Bacillus anthracis
Sterne vegetative cells and
Yersinia pestis
, while water was spiked with
B. anthracis
Sterne spores. Although minimal variations in limit of detection occurred among matrices, both the IsoCode Stix extraction method and the Qiagen procedure have comparable detection limits.
Performance of the TechLab
C. DIFF
CHEK-60 Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) in Combination with the
C. difficile
Tox A/B II EIA Kit, the Triage
C. difficile
Panel Immunoassay, and a Cytotoxin Assay for Diagnosis of
Clostridium difficile
-Associated Diarrhea
Authors: Snell Heather , Ramos Meredith , Longo Sue , John Michael , Hussain Zafar
Published: October 2004

We compared a recently marketed enzyme immunoassay for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), TechLab's
C. DIFF
CHEK-60 (TL-GDH), in combination with the
C. difficile
Tox A/B II enzyme immunoassay (Tox-A/B) with (i) the Triage
C. difficile
test, which detects both GDH (TR-GDH) and toxin A (TR-Tox-A); (ii) an in-house cytotoxin assay (C-Tox); and (iii) stool cultures for
C. difficile
. All
C. difficile
isolates were tested for the presence of the toxin genes by PCR. If a toxin gene-positive strain of
Clostridium difficile
was recovered and a toxin was detected by any method, the result was considered to be truly positive. Eighty-seven of 93 and 79 of 93
C. difficile
culture-positive samples were also TL-GDH and TR-GDH positive, respectively. No test was able to detect toxin in all samples with true-positive results. Tox-A/B and TR-Tox-A in combination with the GDH detection tests and C-Tox were able to identify 52 and 50 samples with true-positive results. Tox-A/B and TR-Tox-A would have missed 15 and 31% of cases of
C. difficile
-associated diarrhea, respectively, if used alone.
Pooling of Clinical Specimens Prior to Testing for
Chlamydia trachomatis
by PCR Is Accurate and Cost Saving
Authors: Currie Marian J. , McNiven Michelle , Yee Tracey , Schiemer Ursula , Bowden Francis J.
Published: October 2004

The accuracy and cost savings of pooling specimens prior to testing for
Chlamydia trachomatis
by PCR were evaluated with genital and urine specimens (
n
= 2,600). There was a 60% reduction in tests without significant loss of accuracy. The efficiency of pooling vaginal swabs is demonstrated for the first time.
Association between Phospholipase Production byMalassezia pachydermatisand Skin Lesions
Authors: Cafarchia C. , Otranto D.
Published: October 2004

An evaluation was made of the phospholipase activities ofMalassezia pachydermatisstrains isolated from healthy dogs versus those from dogs with dermatitis and otitis. A high percentage of strains ofM. pachydermatisobtained from lesion sites (93.9%) produced phospholipase, compared to the strains obtained from healthy skin of the same dog with localized lesions (41.4%) and healthy dogs (10.6%).
Antigen Assay with the Potential To Aid in Diagnosis of Blastomycosis
Authors: Durkin Michelle , Witt John , LeMonte Ann , Wheat Blair , Connolly Patricia
Published: October 2004

We report results of an immunoassay for
Blastomyces dermatitidis
antigenuria. Sensitivity was 92.9%, and specificity was 79.3%. Cross-reactions occurred in 96.3% of patients with histoplasmosis, 100% of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis, 70% of patients with penicilliosis marneffei, 2.9% of patients with cryptococcosis, and 1.1% of patients with aspergillosis. Reproducibility was 96.3%. These findings support a potential role for antigen testing in blastomycosis.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the rRNA Operon and Variable Numbers of Tandem Repeats in the Lipoprotein Gene among
Mycoplasma genitalium
Strains from Clinical Specimens
Authors: Ma Liang , Martin David H.
Published: October 2004

We characterized the single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the rRNA operon and variable numbers of tandem repeats in the lipoprotein gene MG309 among
Mycoplasma genitalium
strains from clinical specimens by PCR and sequencing. Analysis of 31
M. genitalium
-infected patient specimens and 7 American Type Culture Collection strains identified six types of rRNA sequences and 11 different numbers of MG309 repeats. Examination of sequential specimens from 10 patients showed that these genotypes were stable for at least 5 weeks. These data suggest the potential usefulness of the rRNA genotypes and the MG309 repeats for genotyping of
M. genitalium
.
Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Polymorphism among Brazilian
Enterococcus faecalis
Strains
Authors: Titze-de-Almeida Ricardo , Willems Rob J. L. , Top Janetta , Pereira Rodrigues Isabela , Fonseca Ferreira Renato , Boelens Hélène , Brandileone Maria Christina C. , Zanella Rosemeire C. , Soares Felipe Maria Sueli , van Belkum Alex
Published: October 2004

Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) for seven genomic loci was developed for
Enterococcus faecalis
. MLVA and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) resulted in 37 and 31 genotypes among 83 strains, respectively. Both typing schemes were highly concordant (90.4%). MLVA is an excellent alternative to PFGE.
Pediatric Infection Due to Multiresistant
Salmonella enterica
Serotype Infantis in Honduras
Authors: Liebana Ernesto , Batchelor Miranda , Torres Carmen , Briñas Laura , Lagos Luis A. , Abdalhamid Baha , Hanson Nancy D. , Martinez-Urtaza Jaime
Published: October 2004

We report the case of a pediatric patient with a
Salmonella enterica
serotype Infantis infection. Detailed microbiological investigation revealed that this isolate carries four β-lactamase genes (
bla
TEM-1b
variant,
bla
SHV-5
,
bla
CTX-M-15
, and
bla
CMY
-
2
) conferring resistance to all β-lactams but imipenem. This is the first report of a
Salmonella
isolate with CTX-M and AmpC enzymes on the American continent, the first report of
bla
CMY-2
in
Salmonella
serotype Infantis, and the first report of
bla
CTX-M-15
in the genus
Salmonella
.
Culture-Negative Neonatal Meningitis and Endocarditis Caused by
Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Nègre Valérie Lefranc , Colin-Gorski Anne-Marie , Magnier Suzel , Maisonneuve Lydia , Aujard Yannick , Bingen Edouard , Bonacorsi Stéphane
Published: October 2004

We describe a case of culture-negative meningitis and endocarditis caused by
Streptococcus agalactiae
in a 27-day-old boy.
S. agalactiae
was detected in cerebrospinal fluid and serum by broad-spectrum PCR amplification.
Rothia dentocariosa
Septicemia without Endocarditis in a Neonatal Infant with Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Authors: Shin Jeong Hwan , Shim Jae Dong , Kim Hye Ran , Sinn Jong Beom , Kook Joong-Ki , Lee Jeong Nyeo
Published: October 2004

Rothia dentocariosa
, a gram-positive coccoid- to rod-shaped bacterium with irregular morphology, is a rare cause of bacteremia in patients without endocarditis. We report the first case of
R. dentocariosa
septicemia without endocarditis, which occurred in a neonatal infant with meconium aspiration syndrome.
Mitral Bioprosthetic Valve Endocarditis Caused by an Unusual Microorganism,
Gemella morbillorum
, in an Intravenous Drug User
Authors: Zakir Ramzan M. , Al-Dehneh Anthony , Dabu Leticia , Kapila Raj , Saric Muhamed
Published: October 2004

We report a case of
Gemella morbillorum
mitral bioprosthetic valve endocarditis with perivalvular extension in a 44-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-positive man who is an active intravenous drug user together with review of all published cases. This is only the second reported case of
Gemella morbillorum
endocarditis in a patient with a prosthetic valve.
Gemella bergeriae
Endocarditis Diagnosed by Sequencing of rRNA Genes in Heart Valve Tissue
Authors: Elsayed Sameer , Zhang Kunyan
Published: October 2004

We describe a case of
Gemella bergeriae
endocarditis in a patient with a bicuspid aortic valve. Diagnosis was confirmed by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in heart valve tissue. This is the first report of
Gemella
endocarditis confirmed by molecular detection of bacterial genes in heart valve tissue.
Eumycetoma Caused by
Cladophialophora bantiana
in a Dog
Authors: Guillot J. , Garcia-Hermoso D. , Degorce F. , Deville M. , Calvié C. , Dickelé G. , Delisle F. , Chermette R.
Published: October 2004

We report a case of eumycetoma due to
Cladophialophora bantiana
in a 3-year-old male Siberian Husky living in France. The dog presented a tumefaction on the thorax and deformity of the second and third subjacent ribs, which were surgically removed. Macroscopic black granules were visible on the ribs, and direct microscopic examination revealed their fungal origin. Cultures yielded pure colonies of
C. bantiana
. The identification of the causative agent was confirmed after amplification and sequence analysis of fungal internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and 5.8S ribosomal DNA regions. Surgery and antifungal treatment with oral itraconazole associated with flucytosine allowed apparent cure after a 10-month follow-up. Envenomation with pine processionary caterpillars (
Thaumetopoea pityocampa
) and subsequently intensive corticotherapy were considered as possible predisposing factors. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case in which
C. bantiana
is identified as the causative agent of eumycetoma.
Disseminated Infection with
Prototheca zopfii
after Unrelated Stem Cell Transplantation for Leukemia
Authors: Lass-Flörl Cornelia , Fille Manfred , Gunsilius Eberhard , Gastl Günther , Nachbaur David
Published: October 2004

Disseminated infection with
Prototheca zopfii
is a rare disease in immunosuppressed patients. We here report the first case of lethal infection with
P. zopfii
following unrelated stem cell transplantation for leukemia. Breakthrough protothecosis occurred during long-term administration of voriconazole in the case of pulmonary aspergillosis.
Vibrio metschnikovii
, a Rare Cause of Wound Infection
Authors: Linde Hans-Jörg , Kobuch Reinhard , Jayasinghe Sylvia , Reischl Udo , Lehn Norbert , Kaulfuss Stefan , Beutin Lothar
Published: October 2004

We report the first case of a postoperative wound infection caused by
Vibrio metschnikovii
on the lower right leg of a patient after saphenectomy. Compared to the healing of an uninfected site, that of the right leg was delayed, and a cure was achieved by intensified wound care. Several swabs taken from the infected site grew a gram-negative rod in pure culture that was identified as
V. metschnikovii
by the VITEK 2 system. The source of the infection was not detected; however, the absence of putative risk factors (exposure to water or shellfish or an episode of diarrhea), the profession of the patient (butcher), and the isolation of
V. metschnikovii
in a variety of farm animals (chicken, cattle, swine, and horses) suggest that infections caused by
V. metschnikovii
may be regarded as zoonotic.
JET PRODUCTION IN γγ PHYSICS
Authors: FINCH ALEX
Published: October 2004

The history, currents status and future prospects of jet studies in γγ physics are briefly reviewed.
INVESTIGATION OF STATISTICS-CHANGING PHASE TRANSITION OF CHERN-SIMONS HIGGS THEORY
Authors: KIM WON-TAE , SHIN HYEONJOON , KIM JAE KWAN
Published: October 2004

The statistics-changing phase transition in terms of the spontaneous symmetry breaking is examined by studying anomalous angular momenta in symmetric and broken phases. We show that the zero-momentum mode of charged degree of freedom cannot be eliminated through the unitary gauge fixing even though the excited modes can be done in any vacuum phase, and the statistics-changing phase transition is impossible in the Chern-Simons Higgs theory.
GRAVITATIONAL PHASE TRANSITIONS IN INFRARED QUANTUM GRAVITY
Authors: ELIZALDE E. , ODINTSOV S. D.
Published: October 2004

The conformal anomaly induced sector of four-dimensional quantum gravity (ir quantum gravity), which has been introduced by Antoniadis and Mottola, is studied here on a curved fiducial background. The one-loop effective potential for the effective conformal factor theory is calculated with accuracy, including terms linear in the curvature. It is proved that a curvature induced phase transition can actually take place. An estimation of the critical curvature for different choices of the parameters of the theory is given.
NON-COMMUTATIVE QUANTUM DYNAMICS
Authors: REMBIELIŃSKI JAKUB , SMOLŃSKI KORDIAN A.
Published: October 2004

We described a q-deformation of a quantum dynamics in one dimension. We prove that there exists only one essential deformation of quantum dynamics.
ULTRAVIOLET FINITE GAUGE THEORIES IN THE FIVE-DIMENSIONAL SPACE-TIME
Authors: BELOKUROV V. V. , IOFA M. Z.
Published: October 2004

Ultraviolet divergencies in gauge theories including those with higher powers of covariant derivatives are discussed in a space-time of an arbitrary dimension. In particular, it is noted that in the case d=5 all the one-loop graphs are finite, and theories with sufficiently high power of derivatives are finite in all orders.
NON-PERTURBATIVE UNIFICATION IN THE LIGHT OF LEP RESULTS
Authors: BRAHMACHARI BISWAJOY , SARKAR UTPAL , SRIDHAR K.
Published: October 2004

We consider an alternative to conventional grand unified theories originally proposed by Maiani, Parisi and Petronzio, where owing to the existence of extra fermion generations at some intermediate scale, the gauge couplings become large at high energies. We first comment on how the non-supersymmetric version of this scenario is ruled out; we then consider the two-loop evolution of couplings in the supersymmetric extension of this scenario, and check whether such a scenario is feasible in the light of the precise values of couplings now available from LEP.
THE PARTITION FUNCTION FOR THE SUPERSYMMETRIC EIGENVALUE MODEL
Authors: McARTHUR I. N.
Published: October 2004

The fermionic integrations are carried out explicitly in the partition function for the supersymmetric eigenvalue model, which is a supersymmetric generalization of the eigenvalue model resulting from the Hermitian one-matrix model. The resulting expression confirms a conjecture by Becker and Becker that the free energy is at most quadratic in the fermionic couplings which appear in the potential.
SPONTANEOUS POLARIZATION OF THE ℤn-BAXTER MODEL
Authors: QUANO YAS-HIRO
Published: October 2004

We show that correlation functions of the ℤn-Baxter model in the principal regime satisfy a system of difference equations. We obtain the spontaneous polarization of the ℤn-Baxter model as a solution of the simplest difference equation.
FADDEEV-JACKIW QUANTIZATION OF NON-ABELIAN SYSTEMS
Authors: MONTANI H. , WOTZASEK C.
Published: October 2004

The Faddeev and Jackiw procedure for the quantization of constrained gauge systems is used on the analysis of non-Abelian symmetries. The key point is that the gauge algebra of the non-Abelian constraints under generalized brackets can be reconstructed. This follows from the singular matrix that defines the basic geometric structure of the model and its corresponding zero-modes. The attainment of this algebra, not previously found in the Faddeev-Jackiw formalism for constrained theories, leads to the correct transformation properties for the gauge fields. This construction shows that the zero-modes of the symplectic matrix and the generators of gauge symmetry are closely related. To illustrate the method studied here we consider a simple mechanical model with an underlying non-Abelian symmetry and the field theory of pure Chern-Simons theory in (2+1) dimensions.
THE BATALIN-VILKOVISKY METHOD OF QUANTIZATION MADE EASY: ODD TIME FORMULATION
Authors: DAYI ÖMER F.
Published: October 2004

Odd time was introduced to formulate the Batalin-Vilkovisky method of quantization of gauge theories in a systematic manner. This approach is presented emphasizing the odd time canonical formalism beginning from an odd time Lagrangian. To let beginners have access to the method, essential notions of the gauge theories are briefly discussed, and each step is illustrated with examples. Moreover, the method of solving the master equation in an easy way for a class of gauge theories is reviewed. When this method is applicable some properties of the solutions can easily be extracted, as shown in the related examples.
EFFECTIVE ACTIONS OF LOCAL COMPOSITE OPERATORS: THE CASE OF φ4 THEORY, THE ITINERANT ELECTRON MODEL, AND QED
Authors: OKUMURA K.
Published: October 2004

The effective action Γ[ɸ], defined from the generating functional W[J] through the Legendre transformation, plays the role of an action functional in the zero temperature field theory and of a generalized thermodynamical function(al) in equilibrium statistical physics. A compact graph rule for Γ[ɸ] of a local composite operator is given in this paper. This long-standing problem of obtaining Γ[ɸ] in this case is solved directly without introducing the auxiliary field. The rule is first deduced with help of the inversion method, which is a technique for making the Legendre transformation perturbatively. It is then proved by using a topological relation and also by the summing-up rule. The latter is a technique for making the Legendre transformation in a graphical language. In the course of proof a special role is played by J(0)[ɸ], which is a function(al) of the variable ɸ and is defined through the lowest inversion formula. Here J(0)[ɸ] has the meaning of the source J for the noninteracting system. Explicitly derived are the rules for the effective action of <φ(x)2> in the φ4 theory, of the number density  in the itinerant electron model, and of the gauge-invariant operator [Formula: see text] in QED.
WEAK DECAYS OF B−, $\bar{B}^0$ MESONS TO A PSEUDOSCALAR AND A SCALAR MESON IN THE FINAL STATE
Authors: KATOCH A.C. , VERMA R.C.
Published: October 2004

Using the factorization scheme, we study two-body exclusive weak decays of B– and [Formula: see text] mesons to a pseudoscalar meson and a scalar meson in the final state. Employing the Isgur-Scora-Grinstein-Wise quark model to obtain the form factors involved in the decay matrix elements, we calculate the branching ratios for the decays involving b→c transition.
FLOW INTO A BLACK HOLE
Authors: TORDELLA DANIELA , BREIDENTHAL ROBERT E.
Published: October 2004

A simple model is proposed to describe the flow into a black hole from the turbulent flow of matter in initially circular orbits about the black hole. Magnetic effects are not considered. The shear between fluid elements at slightly different orbital radii causes turbulent eddies to be formed. These eddies determine the dissipation rate of kinetic energy into thermal energy. For approximately circular orbits, the magnitude of the gravitational potential energy is always equal to twice the kinetic energy; the destruction of the latter resulting in a reduction in the orbital radius and hence the potential energy. In this model, the turbulent eddy rotation period is presumed to be determined by the gradient in the gravity acceleration, leading to an eddy period proportional to the orbital period. If the flow speeds are supersonic but not relativistic, then the turbulent eddy size is set by the product of the eddy rotation period and the speed of sound. At a certain smaller radius, the orbital speeds and hence the dissipation rate are so great that the speeds become relativistic and the molecular speed tends toward its limit [Formula: see text]. Then the effective eddy size is controlled by the product of the eddy rotation period and the speed of light. Using these estimates for the important eddy size, the dissipation rate, temperature, density and sinking speed as a function of the orbital radius and the rate of mass flow into the black hole are derived.

Subject headings: accretion, accretion disks, stars evolution, turbulence, eddy, sonic eddy.
MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF SELF-DUAL COSMIC STRINGS: EXISTENCE AND OBSTRUCTIONS
Authors: YANG YISONG
Published: October 2004

This is a survey article concerning some recent mathematical results for the static selfdual cosmic-string solutions in the Abelian Higgs model and in the Weinberg-Salam standard model unifying electromagnetic and weak interactions, both coupled with gravity through the Einstein equations. For the Abelian Higgs strings there is a nearly complete picture. If the Riemann surface M on which the strings reside is compact, it can be shown that M must be S2 up to topological equivalence and there are only countably many values of the Higgs vacuum states for strings to exist. When M is noncompact and conformally a plane there are exact obstructions to the finiteness of energies and geodesic completeness of solutions. For the Weinberg-Salam strings, much is to be achieved. It can be shown in this case that self-dual strings generated from W and Higgs condensation lead to an explicit formula for a positive cosmological constant and the gravitational metric is always noncomplete. This feature leads to the properties that the metric decays sufficiently rapidly at infinity and there exist non-Abelian electroweak strings of finite energies. It is established that for any integer N there are always suitable ranges of the electroweak parameters to allow the existence of W- and Higgs-condensed N-vortex solutions of finite energies.
THREE-POINT FUNCTIONS ON THE SPHERE OF CALABI-YAU d-FOLDS
Authors: SUGIYAMA KATSUYUKI
Published: October 2004

Using mirror symmetry in Calabi-Yau manifolds M, we study three-point functions of A(M) model operators on the genus 0 Riemann surface in cases of one-parameter families of d-folds realized as Fermat type hypersurfaces embedded in weighted projective spaces and a two-parameter family of d-folds embedded in a weighted projective space Pd+1 [2,2,2,...,2,2,1,1] (2 (d + 1)). These three-point functions [Formula: see text] are expanded by indeterminates [Formula: see text] associated with a set of Kähler coordinates {tl}, and their expansion coefficients count the number of maps with a definite degree which map each of the three-points 0, 1 and ∞ on the world sheet on some homology cycle of M associated with a cohomology element. From these analyses, we can read the fusion structure of Calabi-Yau A(M) model operators. In our cases they constitute a subring of a total quantum cohomology ring of the A(M) model operators. In fact we switch off all perturbation operators on the topological theories except for marginal ones associated with Kähler forms of M. For that reason, the charge conservation of operators turns out to be a classical one. Furthermore, because their first Chern classes c1 vanish, their topological selection rules do not depend on the degree of maps (in particular, a nilpotent property of operators [Formula: see text] is satisfied). Then these fusion couplings {κl} are represented as some series adding up all degrees of maps.
A-D-E POLYNOMIAL AND ROGERS-RAMANUJAN IDENTITIES
Authors: WARNAAR S. OLE , PEARCE PAUL A.
Published: October 2004

We conjecture polynomial identities which imply Rogers-Ramanujan type identities for branching functions associated with the cosets [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text], Dn–1 (ℓ≥2), E6,7,8 (ℓ=2). In support of our conjectures we establish the correct behavior under level-rank duality for [Formula: see text] and show that the A–D–E Rogers-Ramanujan identities have the expected q→1− asymptotics in terms of dilogarithm identities. Possible generalizations to arbitrary cosets are also discussed briefly.
MODIFIED TETRAHEDRON EQUATION AND RELATED 3D INTEGRABLE MODELS, II
Authors: BOOS H.E.
Published: October 2004

This work is a continuation of Ref. 13, where the Boltzmann weights for the N-state integrable spin model on the cubic lattice has been obtained only numerically. In this paper we present the analytical formulae for this model in a particular case. Here the Boltzmann weights depend on six free parameters including the elliptic modulus. The obtained solution allows us to construct a two-parametric family of the commuting two-layer transfer matrices. The presented model is expected to be simpler for a further investigation in comparison with a more general model mentioned above.
A CONSTITUENT QUARK-ANTIQUARK EFFECTIVE LAGRANGIAN BASED ON THE DUAL SUPERCONDUCTING MODEL OF LONG DISTANCE QCD
Authors: BAKER M. , BALL JAMES S. , ZACHARIASEN F.
Published: October 2004

We review the assumptions leading to the description of long distance QCD by a Lagrangian density expressed in terms of dual potentials. We find the color field distribution surrounding a quark-antiquark pair to first order in their velocities. Using this distribution we eliminate the dual potentials from the Lagrangian density and obtain an effective interaction Lagrangian LI(x1, x2; v1, v2) depending only upon the quark and antiquark coordinates and velocities, valid to second order in their velocities. We propose LI as the Lagrangian describing the long distance interaction between constituent quarks. In this paper, for simplicity of presentation, we treat the quarks as classical particles.
FORMATION AND SURVIVAL OF ELECTROWEAK-SYMMETRIC NUGGETS IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE
Authors: GOYAL ASHOK , CHANDRA DEEPAK
Published: October 2004

It is well established that electroweak symmetry is restored at high temperatures. As the Universe expands, it cools in the EWS phase until it reaches a critical temperature TC at which the broken phase also becomes favored. If the phase transition is first order the Universe always supercools and the bubbles of the broken phase start expanding and then coalesce till the entire Universe is filled with the broken phase. The baryons, however, prefer to remain in the EWS phase because of their zero mass in the symmetric phase, and thus isolated bubbles of the symmetric phase could have remained, which would then be stabilized by the surface tension at the time of formation and would shrink because of the vacuum energy difference. These nuggets normally will not survive and will die out either by evaporation from the surface or by bubble nucleation of the broken phase. We study their properties at the time of formation and their evolution and survival as the Universe cools to its present epoch. We estimate the maximum number of baryons that have to be present in the nugget for it to survive till the freezeout temperature.
BRST COHOMOLOGY IN BELTRAMI PARAMETRIZATION
Authors: TĂTARU LIVIU , VANCEA ION V.
Published: October 2004

We study the BRST cohomology within a local conformal Lagrangian field theory model built on a two-dimensional Riemann surface with no boundary. We deal with the case of the complex structure parametrized by the Beltrami differential and the scalar matter fields. The computation of all elements of the BRST cohomology is given.
CRYSTALLINE SPINON BASIS FOR RSOS MODELS
Authors: NAKAYASHIKI ATSUSHI , YAMADA YASUHIKO
Published: October 2004

The crystalline spinon basis for the RSOS models associated with [Formula: see text] is studied. This basis gives fermionic type character formulas for the branching coefficients of the coset [Formula: see text]. In addition the path description of the parafermion characters is found as a limit of the spinon description of the string functions.
DO HIGHER ORDER PERTURBATIVE CORRECTIONS UPSET |Vcb| AND |Vub| DETERMINED FROM SEMILEPTONIC WIDTHS?
Authors: URALTSEV N.G.
Published: October 2004

It is shown that large perturbative corrections found previously for semileptonic beauty and charm decays are associated with the use of inappropriate pole masses. These pole masses, in the perturbative expansion, suffer from the 1/mQ infrared renormalon which is absent in the widths, leading to similar large corrections in mQ. Pole masses are not measured directly in experiment either. If the widths are related to parameters determined in experiment, the overall impact of the calculated second order corrections becomes strongly suppressed and leads to less than 1% change in |Vcb| and |Vub|. Even in charm decays the perturbative corrections appear to be very moderate in the consistent OPE-compliant treatment. An updated estimate of |Vcb| is given, based on recent accurate determination of mb and αs(1 GeV). The theoretical accuracy of determination of |Vub| from Γsl(b→u) appears to be good as well.
ADM MASS, BONDI MASS, AND ENERGY CONSERVATION IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL DILATON GRAVITIES
Authors: KIM WON T. , LEE JULIAN
Published: October 2004

We show how a stress-energy pseudotensor can be constructed in two-dimensional dilaton gravity theories (classical, CGHS and RST) and derive from it the expression for the ADM mass in these theories. We compare this expression with the ones in the literature obtained by other methods. We define the Bondi mass for these theories by using the pseudotensor formalism. The resulting expression is the generalization of the expression for the ADM mass. The boundary condition needed for the energy conservation is also investigated. It is shown that under appropriate boundary conditions, our definition of the Bondi mass is exactly the ADM mass minus the matter radiation energy at null infinity.
b→s+γ: A QCD-CONSISTENT ANALYSIS OF THE PHOTON ENERGY DISTRIBUTION
Authors: DIKEMAN R. DAVID , SHIFMAN M. , URALTSEV N.G.
Published: October 2004

The photon energy distribution in the inclusive b→s+γ transitions is a combination of two components: the first component, soft physics, is determined by the so-called primordial distribution function, while the second component, perturbative physics, is governed by hard gluon emission. A simple ansatz is suggested for the primordial distribution function which obeys the QCD constraints known so far. We then discuss in detail how hard gluon emission affects the energy distribution. An extension of the Sudakov approximation is worked out incorporating the Brodsky-Lepage-Mackenzie prescription and its generalizations. We explicitly calculate the marriage of nonperturbative and perturbative effects in the way required by OPE, introducing separation scale µ. A few parameters, such as mb and [Formula: see text] affect the shape of the distribution and, thus, can be determined by matching to the experimental data. The data, still scarce, while not giving precise values for these parameters, yield consistency with theory: the current values of the above parameters lie within experimental uncertainty. On the theoretical side we outline a method allowing one to go beyond the practical version of OPE.
AGK CUTTING RULES AND PERTURBATIVE QCD
Authors: TRELEANI D.
Published: October 2004

The purpose of this article is to describe a few features of semihard interactions, in high energy nuclear collisions, that are better understood with the help of the AGK cutting rules, and of the probabilistic picture of the interaction which follows. In the first part of the article the cutting rules are discussed for the simplest component of the forward three-body parton amplitude in the large s fixed t limit. The case considered corresponds to the term — at the lowest order in the coupling constant and with vacuum quantum number exchange in both t channels — of the amplitude which describes the interaction of a high energy quark with the two target quarks. The different leading cuts of the amplitude are shown to be proportional to one another with the same weights of the cutting rules derived in the context of multi-Pomeron exchange. The probabilistic picture of the multiple interactions, which originates from the cutting rules, and the self-shadowing cross sections are then discussed. The second part of the article deals with the semihard interactions. The semihard cross section in high energy nucleus–nucleus collisions is represented as a self-shadowing cross section, and a feature which is pointed out is that the single scattering factorized expression of the perturbative QCD parton model holds at any order in the multiparton correlations, the relation being the analog of the AGK cancellation for the average number of soft interactions in high energy hadron–nucleus collisions. Finally, an infrared problem which finds a solution within the self-shadowing representation of the semihard cross section is discussed.
QUANTUM GAUGE THEORIES
Authors: LAGRAA M.
Published: October 2004

We consider a gauge theory by taking real quantum groups of nondegenerate bilinear form as a symmetry. The construction of this quantum gauge theory is developed in order to fit with the Hopf algebra structure. In this framework, we show that an appropriate definition of the infinitesimal gauge variations and the axioms of the Hopf algebra structure of the symmetry group lead to the closure of the infinitesimal gauge transformations without any assumption on the commutation rules of the gauge parameters, the connection and the curvature. An adequate definition of the quantum trace is given leading to the quantum Killing form. This is used to construct an invariant quantum Yang–Mills Lagrangian.
ON A HOPF ALGEBRA RELATED TO THE GLq(2) AND GLp,q(2) QUANTUM GROUPS
Authors: BASU-MALLICK B.
Published: October 2004

By adding one extra generator with the standard GL q(2) quantum group, we construct a Hopf algebra [Formula: see text] which depends on two deformation parameters and five generators. Curiously, it turns out that there exists a nonlinear realization of the two-parameter deformed GL p,q(2) quantum group through generators of this [Formula: see text] algebra. Subsequently, we find the invariant noncommutative planes associated with the [Formula: see text] quantum group and also discuss how the well-known Manin planes corresponding to the GL p,q(2) quantum group can be produced automatically, through such construction. Finally, we consider the “colored” extension of the GL p,q(2) quantum group as well as corresponding noncommutative planes and explore their intimate connection with the “colored” extension of [Formula: see text] Hopf structure.
q GAUGE THEORY
Authors: FINKELSTEIN ROBERT J.
Published: October 2004

We examine some issues that arise in the q deformation of a gauge theory. If the deformation is carried out by replacing the equal time commutators of free fields with the corresponding q commutators, the resulting propagators are not very much different from those of the undeformed theory as long as one is dealing with weak fields; but the theory still violates causality. If one postulates a q-deformed S matrix, the corresponding q causal commutator has two poles of different strength and the result again amounts to a deformation of the Lorentz group.
GAUGE AND SHAPE INDEPENDENCE OF FRACTIONAL SPIN OF DEFORMED SOLITONS IN THE (2+1)-DIMENSIONAL O(3) σ MODEL
Authors: ROY ASHIM KUMAR
Published: October 2004

The O(3) nonlinear σ model with the Hopf term and with a Chern–Simons gauge coupling in 2+1 dimensions is considered for an understanding of the soliton shape and gauge dependence of the fractional spin and statistics exhibited by the particle-like solutions. Some explicit forms of the shape-defining (for the deformed solitons of these models) functions and the adiabatic time-dependent function are used to assess the fractional spin. In two different gauges, a proper and explicit analysis shows that the fractional spin is a truly gauge- as well as shape-independent entity. This demonstrates that the fractional spin of solitons in the O(3) σ model is a topologically invariant quantity — a fact which has been put in doubt by some authors.
FIRST AND SECOND ORDER PHASE TRANSITIONS IN MAXWELL–CHERN–SIMONS THEORY COUPLED TO FERMIONS
Authors: KONDO KEI-ICHI
Published: October 2004

In the Maxwell–Chern–Simons theory coupled to Nf flavors of four-component fermions (or an even number of two-component fermions), we construct the gauge-covariant effective potential written in terms of two order parameters which are able to probe the breakdown of chiral symmetry and parity. In the absence of the bare Chern–Simons term, we show that the chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken for fermion flavors Nf below a certain finite critical number [Formula: see text] while the parity is not broken spontaneously. This chiral phase transition is of the second order. In the presence of the bare Chern–Simons term, on the other hand, the chiral phase transition associated with the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry is shown to continue to exist, although the parity is explicitly broken. However, it is shown that the existence of the bare Chern–Simons term changes the order of the chiral transition into the first order, no matter how small the bare Chern–Simons coefficient may be. This gauge-invariant result is consistent with that recently obtained through the Schwinger–Dyson equation in the nonlocal gauge.
MORSE THEORY AND THE TOPOLOGY OF CONFIGURATION SPACE
Authors: McGLINN W.D. , O’RAIFEARTAIGH L. , SEN S. , SORKIN R.D.
Published: October 2004

The first and second homology groups, H1 and H2, are computed for configuration spaces of framed three-dimensional point particles with annihilation included, when up to two particles and an antiparticle are present, the types of frames considered being S2 and SO(3). Whereas a recent calculation for two-dimensional particles used the Mayer–Vietoris sequence, in the present work Morse theory is used. By constructing a potential function none of whose critical indices is less than four, we find that (for coefficients in an arbitrary field K) the homology groups H1 and H2 reduce to those of the frame space, S2 or SO(3) as the case may be. In the case of SO(3) frames this result implies that H1 (with coefficients in ℤ2) is generated by the cycle corresponding to a 2π rotation of the frame. (This same cycle is homologous to the exchange loop: the spin-statistics correlation.) It also implies that H2 is trivial, which means that there does not exist a topologically nontrivial Wess–Zumino term for SO(3) frames [in contrast to the two-dimensional case, where SO(2) frames do possess such a term]. In the case of S2 frames (with coefficients in ℝ), we conclude H2=ℝ, the generator being in effect the frame space itself. This implies that for S2 frames there does exist a Wess–Zumino term, as indeed is needed for the possibility of half-integer spin and the corresponding Fermi statistics. Taken together, these results for H1 and H2 imply that our configuration space “admits spin 1/2” for either choice of frame, meaning that the spin-statistics theorem previously proved for this space is not vacuous.
SPACE–TIMES WITH A TWO-DIMENSIONAL GROUP OF CONFORMAL MOTIONS
Authors: KOLASSIS CHARALAMPOS , LUDWIG GARRY
Published: October 2004

The necessary and sufficient conditions for a space–time to admit a two-dimensional group of conformal motions (and, in particular, of homothetic motions) acting on nonnull orbits are found in the compacted spin-coefficient formalism. Although the discussion is restricted to the case of spacelike orbits, similar results are readily obtained for timelike orbits via the (modified) Sachs star operation. A number of theorems are obtained dealing with such topics as the Gaussian curvature of the group orbits, orthogonal transitivity, and hypersurface orthogonality of the conformal Killing vectors. A simple proof is presented of a generalization of a theorem due to Papapetrou.
MAIN PHENOMENOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE SPONTANEOUS CP VIOLATION IN SU(3)L⊗U(1)Y MODELS
Authors: GÓMEZ DUMM D.
Published: October 2004

We analyze the phenomenological consequences of assuming spontaneous CP violation in an SU (3)L⊗ U (1)Y model with three Higgs triplets and one sextuplet. After the identification of the relevant physical scalars, we estimate the contributions to the parameters ΔmK, ε and ε′ coming from the Higgs fermion couplings.
NONRELATIVISTIC QUANTUM FORMALISM FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTION OF ANYONS IN THE U(1)×U(1) GAUGE MODEL
Authors: FOUSSATS A. , REPETTO C. , ZANDRON O.P. , ZANDRON O.S. , MANAVELLA E.
Published: October 2004

Starting from the U (1)× U (1) classical gauge model for the nonrelativistic electromagnetic interaction of anyons, the quantum formalism is constructed. This gauge model containing the statistical U(1) field and the electromagnetic field can be coupled to both, a commuting or an anticommuting matter field. We explicitly consider the second case, i.e. a fermionic anyon system in the presence of an electromagnetic field, and we carry out the canonical quantization by following the Dirac formalism. Later on, the path integral approach is developed and the diagrammatic and Feynman rules, in the framework of the perturbation theory, are discussed. Finally, as an alternative method, the BRST formalism for this gauge model is also treated.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL ONE-COMPONENT PLASMA IN A QUADRUPOLAR FIELD
Authors: FORRESTER P.J. , JANCOVICI B.
Published: October 2004

The classical two-dimensional one-component plasma is an exactly solvable model at some special temperature even when the one-body potential acting on the particles has a quadrupolar term. As a supplement to a recent work of Di Francesco, Gaudin, Itzykson and Lesage1 about an N-particle system (N large but finite), a macroscopic argument is given for confirming that the particles form an elliptical blob, the analogy between the classical plasma and a quantum N-fermion system in a magnetic field is used for the microscopic approach, and a microscopic calculation of the surface charge–surface charge correlation function is performed; an expected universal form is shown to be realized by this correlation function.
INSTANTON DYNAMICS IN THE BROKEN PHASE OF THE TOPOLOGICAL SIGMA MODEL
Authors: YUNG A.V.
Published: October 2004

The topological σ model with the black hole metric of the target space is considered. It has been shown before that this model is in the phase with BRST symmetry broken. In particular, the vacuum energy is nonzero and correlation functions of observables show the coordinate dependence. However, these quantities turn out to be infrared-divergent. It is shown here that IR divergences disappear after the sum over an arbitrary number of additional instanton–anti-instanton pairs is performed. The model appears to be equivalent to the Coulomb gas/sine–Gordon system.
MINIMIZATION OF THE SCALAR HIGGS POTENTIAL IN THE FINITE SUPERSYMMETRIC GRAND UNIFIED THEORY
Authors: KONDRASHUK I.N.
Published: October 2004

An exact mathematical solution of the minimization conditions of the scalar Higgs potential of the finite supersymmetric grand unified theory is proposed and extremal field configurations are found. Types of extrema are investigated and masses of the new Higgs particles arising after electroweak symmetry breaking are derived analytically. The conditions for the existence of a physically acceptable minimum are given. As it appears, this minimum is a simple generalization of the analogous solution in the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Phenomenological consequences are discussed briefly.
AN OPERATOR ANALYSIS OF A SUPERSYMMETRIC EFFECTIVE THEORY
Authors: WALKER M.A.
Published: October 2004

An analysis of a SU (2)L× SU (2)R invariant, supersymmetric effective theory is given. The resulting leading and next-to-leading independent invariants are stated in terms of the underlying Killing vectors and Kähler potential. The appendices are devoted to the relationship between this geometrical point of view and the standard unitary matrix formulation.