bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Purification and Characterization of Antioxidant Peptides of Pseudosciaena crocea Protein Hydrolysates
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Zhang Chong , Chen Yuanyuan , Zheng Baodong
Published: December 2016

Two peptides with antioxidant activity were isolated from Pseudosciaena crocea proteins. Pseudosciaena crocea muscle was hydrolyzed with neutral protease to obtain Pseudosciaena crocea protein hydrolysates (PCPH). After ultrafiltration through molecular weight cut-off membranes of 10, 5 and 3 kDa and assessment of free radical scavenging ability, the fraction (PCPH-IV) with the highest antioxidant activity was obtained. Several purification steps, i.e., ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, were applied to further purify PCPH-IV. Two antioxidant peptides with the amino acid sequences Ser-Arg-Cys-His-Val and Pro-Glu-His-Trp were finally identified by LC-MS/MS.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Copper-Chitosan Nanoantimicrobials Prepared by Laser Ablation Synthesis in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Sportelli Maria , Volpe Annalisa , Picca Rosaria , Trapani Adriana , Palazzo Claudio , Ancona Antonio , Lugarà Pietro , Trapani Giuseppe , Cioffi Nicola
Published: December 2016

Copper-chitosan (Cu-CS) nanoantimicrobials are a novel class of bioactive agents, providing enhanced and synergistic efficiency in the prevention of biocontamination in several application fields, from food packaging to biomedical. Femtosecond laser pulses were here exploited to disrupt a Cu solid target immersed into aqueous acidic solutions containing different CS concentrations. After preparation, Cu-CS colloids were obtained by tuning both Cu/CS molar ratios and laser operating conditions. As prepared Cu-CS colloids were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), to study copper complexation with the biopolymer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to elucidate the nanomaterials’ surface chemical composition and chemical speciation of the most representative elements. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize nanocolloids morphology. For all samples, ξ-potential measurements showed highly positive potentials, which could be correlated with the XPS information. The spectroscopic and morphological characterization herein presented outlines the characteristics of a technologically-relevant nanomaterial and provides evidence about the optimal synthesis parameters to produce almost monodisperse and properly-capped Cu nanophases, which combine in the same core-shell structure two renowned antibacterial agents.
Dietary Selenium and Human Health
Authors: Schomburg Lutz
Published: December 2016

Next year (2017), the micronutrient Selenium (Se) is celebrating its birthday—i.e., 200 years after first being identified by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius. Despite its impressive age, research into the functions of this essential trace element is very alive and reaching out for new horizons. This special issue presents some recent fascinating, exciting, and promising developments in Se research in the form of eight original contributions and seven review articles. Collectively, aspects of Se supply, biochemical, physiological, and chemotherapeutic effects, and geobiological interactions are covered by leading scientists in the areas of nutritional, basic, and clinical research. It is obvious from the contributions that the bicentennial anniversary will celebrate a micronutrient still in its infancy with respect to being understood in terms of its biomedical importance.
Perturbation Analysis of Calcium, Alkalinity and Secretion during Growth of Lily Pollen Tubes
Authors: Winship Lawrence , Rounds Caleb , Hepler Peter
Published: December 2016

Pollen tubes grow by spatially and temporally regulated expansion of new material secreted into the cell wall at the tip of the tube. A complex web of interactions among cellular components, ions and small molecule provides dynamic control of localized expansion and secretion. Cross-correlation studies on oscillating lily (Lilium formosanum Wallace) pollen tubes showed that an increase in intracellular calcium follows an increase in growth, whereas the increase in the alkaline band and in secretion both anticipate the increase in growth rate. Calcium, as a follower, is unlikely to be a stimulator of growth, whereas the alkaline band, as a leader, may be an activator. To gain further insight herein we reversibly inhibited growth with potassium cyanide (KCN) and followed the re-establishment of calcium, pH and secretion patterns as growth resumed. While KCN markedly slows growth and causes the associated gradients of calcium and pH to sharply decline, its removal allows growth and vital processes to fully recover. The calcium gradient reappears before growth restarts; however, it is preceded by both the alkaline band and secretion, in which the alkaline band is slightly advanced over secretion. Thus the pH gradient, rather than the tip-focused calcium gradient, may regulate pollen tube growth.
Transcendence Un-Extra-Ordinaire: Bringing the Atheistic I Down to Earth
Authors: Dickman Nathan
Published: December 2016

I examine challenges to images of a personal god definitive for normatively policed theism (often called “traditional theism”), questioning whether a subject can be conscious of a transcendent being. I examine the challenges to show that disappointment with such images calls for rethinking terms like “transcendence” in horizontal rather than vertical registers. Through this, I indicate an irony in yearning for transcendence, one in which there is movement toward—rather than beyond—the utterly ordinary. We will see that such un-extra-ordinary transcendence makes a difference once difference is no longer determined under the hegemony of what Levinas calls “the atheistic I.” I bring together resources from feminist philosophies and Asian religions both to elaborate on the nature of the atheistic I and to rehabilitate a redeeming appreciation of the ordinary. My hope is to ameliorate disempowered estrangement by indicating ways the ordinary generates, not inhibits, becoming. However, my broader intent is to contribute to shifting sands in contemporary philosophy of religion due to recent calls for diversifying the field by including multiple religions, questioning the centrality of belief, and engaging multiple methods relevant in religious studies.
In Situ Real-Time Monitoring of Glutamate and Electrophysiology from Cortex to Hippocampus in Mice Based on a Microelectrode Array
Authors: Fan Xinyi , Song Yilin , Ma Yuanlin , Zhang Song , Xiao Guihua , Yang Lili , Xu Huiren , Zhang Dai , Cai Xinxia
Published: December 2016

Changes in the structure and function of the hippocampus contribute to epilepsy, schizophrenia and other neurological or mental disorders of the brain. Since the function of the hippocampus depends heavily on the glutamate (Glu) signaling pathways, in situ real-time detection of Glu neurotransmitter release and electrophysiological signals in hippocampus is of great significance. To achieve the dual-mode detection in mouse hippocampus in vivo, a 16-channel implantable microelectrode array (MEA) was fabricated by micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology. Twelve microelectrode sites were modified with platinum black for electrophysiological recording and four sites were modified with glutamate oxidase (GluOx) and 1,3-phenylenediamine (mPD) for selective electrochemical detection of Glu. The MEA was implanted from cortex to hippocampus in mouse brain for in situ real-time monitoring of Glu and electrophysiological signals. It was found that the Glu concentration in hippocampus was roughly 50 μM higher than that in the cortex, and the firing rate of concurrently recorded spikes declined from 6.32 ± 4.35 spikes/s in cortex to 0.09 ± 0.06 spikes/s in hippocampus. The present results demonstrated that the dual-mode MEA probe was capable in neurological detections in vivo with high spatial resolution and dynamical response, which lays the foundation for further pathology studies in the hippocampus of mouse models with nervous or mental disorders.
Nanobiosensing with Arrays and Ensembles of Nanoelectrodes
Authors: Karimian Najmeh , Moretto Ligia , Ugo Paolo
Published: December 2016

Since the first reports dating back to the mid-1990s, ensembles and arrays of nanoelectrodes (NEEs and NEAs, respectively) have gained an important role as advanced electroanalytical tools thank to their unique characteristics which include, among others, dramatically improved signal/noise ratios, enhanced mass transport and suitability for extreme miniaturization. From the year 2000 onward, these properties have been exploited to develop electrochemical biosensors in which the surfaces of NEEs/NEAs have been functionalized with biorecognition layers using immobilization modes able to take the maximum advantage from the special morphology and composite nature of their surface. This paper presents an updated overview of this field. It consists of two parts. In the first, we discuss nanofabrication methods and the principles of functioning of NEEs/NEAs, focusing, in particular, on those features which are important for the development of highly sensitive and miniaturized biosensors. In the second part, we review literature references dealing the bioanalytical and biosensing applications of sensors based on biofunctionalized arrays/ensembles of nanoelectrodes, focusing our attention on the most recent advances, published in the last five years. The goal of this review is both to furnish fundamental knowledge to researchers starting their activity in this field and provide critical information on recent achievements which can stimulate new ideas for future developments to experienced scientists.
Optimal Design of Safety Instrumented Systems for Pressure Control of Methanol Separation Columns in the Bisphenol a Manufacturing Process
Authors: Lee In-Bok , Woo Insung
Published: December 2016

A bisphenol A production plant possesses considerable potential risks in the top of the methanol separation column, as pressurized acetone, methanol, and water are processed at an elevated temperature, especially in the event of an abnormal pressure increase due to a sudden power outage. This study assesses the potential risks in the methanol separation column through hazard and operability assessments and evaluates the damages in the case of fire and explosion accident scenarios. The study chooses three leakage scenarios: a 5-mm puncture on the methanol separation column, a 50-mm diameter fracture of a discharge pipe and a catastrophic rupture, and, simulated using Phast (Ver. 6.531), the concentration distribution of scattered methanol, thermal radiation distribution of fires, and overpressure distribution of vapor cloud explosions. Implementation of a safety-instrumented system equipped with two-out-of-three voting as a safety measure can detect overpressure at the top of the column and shut down the main control valve and the emergency shutoff valve simultaneously. By applying a safety integrity level of three, the maximal release volume of the safety relief valve can be reduced and, therefore, the design capacity of the flare stack can also be reduced. Such integration will lead to improved safety at a reduced cost.
Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from 17 Taiwanese Industries
Authors: Lu Wen-Cheng
Published: December 2016

The current paper investigates the existence and nature of the Granger causality between electricity consumption and economic growth for 17 industries in Taiwan. Empirical results over the period 1998–2014 suggest that a panel cointegration test shows a long-run equilibrium relationship and a bi-directional Granger causality between electricity and economic growth has been found. The result indicates that a 1% increase in electricity consumption boosts the real GDP by 1.72%. The government can pursue energy conservation and carbon reduction policy in some industries without impeding the economic growth for adjusting the industrial structure.
Two-Stage DEA Analysis of Water Resource Use Efficiency
Authors: Ren Chongfeng , Li Ruihuan , Guo Ping
Published: December 2016

This paper presents an extended two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) method for analyzing water resource use efficiency (WRUE) and related WRUE issues, which was developed by introducing regional water resource metabolic theory into the two-stage DEA method. It has the following advantages: (1) it has the ability to reflect the inner difference and connection of the regional water resource consumption process, which developed the corresponding physical model instead of making it a “black box”; (2) the built physical model for WRUE divided the main body of water resource consumption into social and economic subsystems, which can thus elaborate WRUE; (3) it can analyze not only WRUE but also related WRUE issues. The proposed method was applied to a real-case study in Gansu Province, China. Results show that decision makers can determine the comprehensive and accurate WRUE and negative factors of WRUE in Gansu Province. Moreover, the results offer recommendations for decision makers to plan for efficient use of water resources in different cities.
The Incumbents’ Conservation Strategies in the German Energy Regime as an Impediment to Re-Municipalization—An Analysis Guided by the Multi-Level Perspective
Authors: Berlo Kurt , Wagner Oliver , Heenen Marisa
Published: December 2016

After two decades of privatization and outsourcing being the dominant trends across public services, an inclination towards founding new municipal power utilities can be observed. In this article, the authors examine the preservation strategies of the German energy regime following the transition approach developed by Geels. From the multi-level perspective, it can be stated that innovations take place in niches and have to overcome the obstacles and persistence of the conventional fossil–nuclear energy regime. Through an empirical analysis, it can be concluded that the established regime significantly delays the decentralization process required for a transformation of energy structures on local electricity grids. Furthermore, it is shown that municipal utilities (Stadtwerke) are important key actors for the German Energiewende (energy transition) as they function as local energy distributors and they meet a variety of requirements to promote fundamental structural change. The trend towards re-municipalization and the re-establishment of municipal utilities reveal the desire to further strengthen the scope of local politics.
Choice Architecture as a Way to Encourage a Whole Systems Design Perspective for More Sustainable Infrastructure
Authors: Harris Nora , Shealy Tripp , Klotz Leidy
Published: December 2016

Across fields, more sustainable and resilient outcomes are being realized through a whole systems design perspective, which guides decision-makers to consider the entire system affected including interdependent physical and social networks. Although infrastructure is extremely interdependent, consisting of diverse stakeholders and networks, the infrastructure design and construction process is often fragmented. This fragmentation can result in unnecessary tradeoffs, leading to poor outcomes for certain stakeholders and the surrounding environment. A whole systems design perspective would help connect this fragmented industry and lead to more sustainable outcomes. For example, a whole systems design approach to relieve traffic on a highway might see beyond the obvious, but often ineffective, response of adding a new vehicle lane to encourage a solution such as repurposing existing road lanes from automobiles to above-ground “subway” systems. This paper discusses influences to whole systems design and how intentional choice architecture, meaning the way decisions are posed, can nudge decision-makers to employ whole systems design and result in more sustainable infrastructure. By uncovering these influences and organizing them by the social, organizational, and individual levels of the infrastructure design process, this paper provides the needed foundation for interdisciplinary research to help harness these influences through choice architecture and whole systems design for the infrastructure industry.
When the going gets rough – studying the effect of surface roughness on the adhesive abilities of tree frogs
Authors: Crawford Niall , Endlein Thomas , Pham Jonathan T , Riehle Mathis , Barnes W Jon P
Published: December 2016

Tree frogs need to adhere to surfaces of various roughnesses in their natural habitats; these include bark, leaves and rocks. Rough surfaces can alter the effectiveness of their toe pads, due to factors such as a change of real contact area and abrasion of the pad epithelium. Here, we tested the effect of surface roughness on the attachment abilities of the tree frog Litoria caerulea. This was done by testing shear and adhesive forces on artificial surfaces with controlled roughness, both on single toe pads and whole animal scales. It was shown that frogs can stick 2–3 times better on small scale roughnesses (3–6 µm asperities), producing higher adhesive and frictional forces, but relatively poorly on the larger scale roughnesses tested (58.5–562.5 µm asperities). Our experiments suggested that, on such surfaces, the pads secrete insufficient fluid to fill the space under the pad, leaving air pockets that would significantly reduce the Laplace pressure component of capillarity. Therefore, we measured how well the adhesive toe pad would conform to spherical asperities of known sizes using interference reflection microscopy. Based on experiments where the conformation of the pad to individual asperities was examined microscopically, our calculations indicate that the pad epithelium has a low elastic modulus, making it highly deformable.
RECONNECTION-DRIVEN CORONAL-HOLE JETS WITH GRAVITY AND SOLAR WIND
Authors: Karpen J. T. , DeVore C. R. , Antiochos S. K. , Pariat E.
Published: December 2016

Coronal-hole jets occur ubiquitously in the Sun's coronal holes, at EUV and X-ray bright points associated with intrusions of minority magnetic polarity. The embedded-bipole model for these jets posits that they are driven by explosive, fast reconnection between the stressed closed field of the embedded bipole and the open field of the surrounding coronal hole. Previous numerical studies in Cartesian geometry, assuming uniform ambient magnetic field and plasma while neglecting gravity and solar wind, demonstrated that the model is robust and can produce jet-like events in simple configurations. We have extended these investigations by including spherical geometry, gravity, and solar wind in a nonuniform, coronal hole-like ambient atmosphere. Our simulations confirm that the jet is initiated by the onset of a kink-like instability of the internal closed field, which induces a burst of reconnection between the closed and external open field, launching a helical jet. Our new results demonstrate that the jet propagation is sustained through the outer corona, in the form of a traveling nonlinear Alfvén wave front trailed by slower-moving plasma density enhancements that are compressed and accelerated by the wave. This finding agrees well with observations of white-light coronal-hole jets, and can explain microstreams and torsional Alfvén waves detected in situ in the solar wind. We also use our numerical results to deduce scaling relationships between properties of the coronal source region and the characteristics of the resulting jet, which can be tested against observations.
Antimicrobial resistance of selected invasive bacteria in a tertiary care center: results of a prospective surveillance study
Authors: Djuric Olivera , Jovanovic Snezana , Stosovic Branka , Tosic Tanja , Jovanovic Milica , Markovic-Denic Ljiljana
Published: December 2016

Introduction: We aimed to report the distribution and resistance patterns of eight invasive clinically relevant bacteria surveyed in the Clinical Center of Serbia (CCS) in Belgrade. Methodology: A total of 477 clinical blood stream isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. were collected in the period from January to December 2013. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using standard methods and interpreted using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoint criteria. Results: Acinetobacter spp. was the most prevalent bacteria encountered (37%), followed by K. pneumoniae (25.7%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 92.5% of all isolates. Out of 177 strains of Acinetobacter spp., 97.7% were resistant to fluoroquinolones and carbapenems. Resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins was 97.1%, 95.4%, and 95.8% among K. pneumoniae and 21.4%, 21.7%, and 31% among E. coli isolates, respectively. In total, 65.1% of K. pneumoniae and 12.1% of E. coli isolates were determined to be extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positive. High-level aminoglycoside resistance of E. faecalis was 71.4%, and glycopeptide resistance of E. faecium was 95%. Out of 66 strains of S. aureus, 63.4% were methicillin resistant. Conclusions: The majority of bloodstream isolates of clinically relevant bacteria in CCS were multidrug resistant. The biggest concerns are carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp., K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa; third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli; vancomycin-resistant E. faecium; and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Stricter measures of infection control and antibiotic use are needed.
Comparison of HRM analysis and three REP-PCR genomic fingerprint methods for rapid typing of MRSA at a Brazilian hospital
Authors: Bodnar Giovana Carolina , Martins Heloísa Moreira , De Oliveira Caio Ferreira , Morey Alexandre Tadachi , Tavares Eliandro Reis , Cardoso Juscélio Donizete , Perugini Marcia Regina Eches , Lioni Lucy Megumi Yamauchi , Yamada-Ogatta Sueli Fumie , Kobayashi Renata Katsuko Takayama , Nakazato Gerson
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are increasingly common and represent a serious problem for public health. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major agents of infections, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has spread worldwide. The aim of this study was to phenotypically and genotypically characterize 55 MRSAs isolated in the University Hospital of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, during 2010. Methodology: Bacterial isolates were characterized based on their antimicrobial susceptibility profile, biofilm production capacity, and staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec) type. Determination of clonal groups was performed by polymerase chain reaction using the RW3A, JB1, and BOX A1R primers and high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Results: The majority of isolates harbored SCCmec type II. SCCmec III, characteristic of the Brazilian endemic clone, was observed in four strains. Only two isolates harbored SCCmec type IV, which is common in community-acquired MRSA strains. Most isolates also showed resistance to more than four of the tested antimicrobials, and 30 isolates exhibited the ability to produce biofilm. DNA polymorphism analysis showed a higher discriminatory power for the JB1 primer, but RW3A revealed several clonal groups of MRSA with similar genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. HRM analysis showed eight different sequence types. Conclusions: These results are important for epidemiological studies involving MRSA infections.
Post-delivery mycobacterium tuberculosis infection misdiagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ting Li Yu , Shrestha Bikash , Lu Yi Lu , Ping Fu
Published: December 2016

Tuberculosis is a common infectious mycobacterial disease having a wide range of clinical and serological manifestations that are similar to rheumatic disease. Differential diagnosis is a crucial aspect in any rheumatic disease as many other infectious diseases portray clinical similarities and autoantibody positivity. Our case report illustrates of a young woman just after the delivery of a child presented an unusual case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis infection initially misdiagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Modélisation, invariants structurels et raisonnement temporel : hommage à un passeur de la cognition
Authors: Crépault Jacques
Published: December 2016

Ce travail est consacré à la modélisation des systèmes cognitifs temporels dans le cadre des interactions cognitives entre adultes de deux niveaux de connaissance temporelle ( temps newtonien de niveau N et temps relativiste de niveau N-1). Un modèle structural de l’évolution des interactions est proposé. Ce modèle permet de faire des hypothèses sur la probabilité des états théoriques (en T2, T3 et T4) et sur les fréquences de transition. Une articulation avec la modélisation statistique log-linéaire est suggérée. Le matériel expérimental consiste en une donnée spatiale représentant la composition d’un mouvement de translation et de vibration (Crépault, 1989). La recherche empirique (n =792) s’insère dans le cadre de la méthodologie des interactions verbales entre pairs. Elle porte sur 396 dyades et 198 sous-groupes de quatre adultes. L’analyse des réponses montre que le modèle log-linéaire postulé – indépendance conditionnelle – s’ajuste bien aux données observées. Le temps newtonien , de niveau supérieur (N5), semble donc relativement stable au cours des interactions avec un temps relativiste de niveau inférieur.
Une interprétation de l’approche bayesienne de la déduction sous incertitude : l’analogie de la cuve
Authors: Politzer Guy
Published: December 2016

La représentation diagrammatique des tableaux de contingence bivariés, dite en « carrés et rectangles », est interprétée en termes de contenant et contenu (réservoir et liquide) et appliquée à un nouveau domaine : les inférences déductives avec prémisses incertaines. L’analogie est exploitée pour déterminer qualitativement et calculer quantitativement les conditions de validité d’arguments déductifs parmi les plus étudiés en logique et en intelligence artificielle (par exemple le modus ponens ). On montre que les valeurs limites de la probabilité de la conclusion peuvent être obtenues sur la base du respect de principes triviaux tels que « un compartiment ne peut pas contenir un volume de liquide supérieur à sa capacité », ou « si un compartiment est vide, le liquide est contenu dans les autres », etc. Enfin, on évoque la possibilité d’utiliser ces contraintes physiques pour justifier les lois du calcul des probabilités.
Niveaux de représentation opérative du risque dans la gestion d’environnement dynamique (feux de forêt)
Authors: Rogalski Janine
Published: December 2016

Dans cet article on analyse les effets du niveau opérationnel sur les représentations opératives de sapeurs-pompiers quant à un risque dynamique dans le cas d’un environnement dynamique particulier (le feu de forêt méditerranéen). Il s’agit d’une représentation occurrente de la situation dynamique qui consiste essentiellement en un pronostic d’évolution possible en vue de l’action, et des moyens qui lui sont nécessaires. Le champ de contrôle dépend de la position des acteurs dans un travail collectif distribué, avec dimension verticale de la coopération. La question traitée est celle de la compatibilité des représentations opératives d’acteurs à des positions différentes dans ce dispositif. Une situation de type expérimental a été conçue en transposant une situation réelle de sorte à en assurer la validité écologique. Les représentations exprimées par des acteurs de trois niveaux opérationnels ont été analysées à différents moments de l’évolution du feu évoqué : situation initiale, empan spatio-temporel du risque représenté, existence d’informations conflictuelles ou ambiguës. Les acteurs de niveau opérationnel plus élevé maintiennent une représentation orientée par l’issue la plus grave en cas de saute, au niveau le moins élevé ils sont plus sensibles au pronostic d’évolution proche dans le temps et l’espace. Néanmoins, tous expriment une conscience du risque et du type de moyens pour le contrer : les représentations opératives ne sont pas partagées, mais elles sont compatibles. Des implications pour la formation sont proposées.
Domestiquer le budget ouvrier
Authors: Leleu Audrey
Published: December 2016

Dans la deuxième moitié du xix e siècle, les patrons miniers s’intéressent à la question de l’usage des salaires et à l’épargne ouvrière. Dans cette optique, ils entendent éduquer les jeunes filles, futures épouses de mineurs, à l’économie domestique. Cet article propose de revenir sur les positions des patrons des mines d’Anzin et de Lens concernant l’utilisation du budget ouvrier et l’attitude des femmes dans leur gestion de l’argent. Nous verrons comment ces deux postures influent sur le contenu de l’enseignement ménager et traduisent de la part des patrons miniers une volonté de montrer leur investissement dans l’amélioration des conditions de vie de leurs ouvriers et de leurs familles.
Une incompréhension de la pauvreté ?
Authors: Albert Anaïs
Published: December 2016

Le Mont-de-Piété de Paris détient le monopole du prêt sur gages dans la capitale et cette pratique s’appuie dès l’origine sur une vision fortement morale : il s’agit d’offrir un crédit charitable, pensé comme une forme de secours pour les plus pauvres. Mais cette inscription dans l’univers de la bienfaisance, ainsi qu’une incompréhension des transformations économiques et sociales qui affectent les classes populaires parisiennes, provoquent de grandes difficultés de fonctionnement qui entraînent l’institution dans une profonde crise. Celle-ci n’est résolue que par sa transformation en Crédit Municipal − c’est-à-dire en banque − en 1919.
Chapitre 2. Care beyond autonomy: The recognition of our vulnerable capabilities
Authors: Botbol Baum Mylène
Published: December 2016

L’usage de la catégorie de vulnérabilité s’est multiplié dans les textes internationaux de bioéthique et de sciences sociales. Etre vulnérable peut qualifier tout être mortel, mais aussi les êtres privés d’agentivité ou de droits ce qui en fait une notion ambiguë que nous voudrions confronté aux notions de care et de capacités mais aussi de reconnaissance afin de donner de la profondeur anthropologique à la notion afin d’en faire un concept bioéthique pertinent pour penser l’exploitation ou l’abus de catégories souvent stigmatisées comme vulnérables. Le lien entre les théories du care, de capacité et de reconnaissance enrichissent le débat. Nous poserons que la vulnérabilité ne doit pas, d’un point de vue anthropologique être liée à la dépendance ou à l’exploitation.
Chapitre 3. Favoriser concrètement le rôle actif et citoyen de la personne âgée : une application du care capacitant
Authors: Closon Marie-Christine , Léonard Christian
Published: December 2016

Cet article s’interroge sur la signification du renforcement du rôle actif de la personne âgée entre l’injonction sociétale à se sentir responsable des coûts de son comportement pour la collectivité et la liberté de définir son projet de vie et d’avoir les moyens de le mettre en œuvre. Il décrit deux expériences menées dans deux communes bruxelloises d’un modèle de co-construction avec la personne âgée d’un projet de vie à domicile qui favorise le maintien de son rôle actif pour la définition de ses besoins (sociaux, médicaux) et la recherche de solution. Il met en évidence les problèmes qu’une telle approche rencontre en Belgique : séparation dans l’organisation et le financement du social et du médical, financement à l’acte qui ne favorise pas un accompagnement global des problèmes et le renforcement du rôle actif, pressions importantes sur les dépenses sociales qui provoquent une concurrence entre les différents acteurs de l’accompagnement pour assurer leur survie et l’emploi de leur personnel et n’est pas propice à l’accompagnement multidisciplinaire autour de la personne âgée.
De la guerre des disciplines à celle des paradigmes ?
Authors: Ost François , Bailleux Antoine
Published: December 2016

Cette étude entend examiner à frais nouveaux la question de l’interdisciplinarité, et ce sous l’angle de l’incidence qu’exerce la confrontation de paradigmes rivaux au sein des disciplines en présence, appelées à collaborer, à s’ignorer ou à se rejeter. Six hypothèses sont formulées, qui conduisent à relativiser les conflits entre disciplines (conflits qui se ramènent le plus souvent à des oppositions entre paradigmes rivaux en leur sein), tout en redramatisant les tensions entre ces paradigmes rivaux (qui prennent appui sur des orientations disciplinaires distinctes pour se développer). Il en résulte que la discussion scientifique gagnerait beaucoup à l’élucidation des paradigmes en présence plutôt qu’à l’exacerbation des spécificités disciplinaires et à la revendication de leur « pureté » prétendue. Cette étude se prolonge dans un second article, qui entreprend de confronter ces six hypothèses à la crise que traverse aujourd’hui le « paradigme croissanciel ». Ce second volet est publié dans le cadre du dossier intitulé « Quand la croissance pâlit », que le lecteur trouvera un peu plus loin dans ce même numéro.
Six hypothèses à l’épreuve du paradigme croissanciel
Authors: Bailleux Antoine , Ost François
Published: December 2016

Cet article s’inscrit dans le prolongement direct de l’étude figurant dans ce même volume, et intitulée De la guerre des disciplines à celle des paradigmes ? . Cette étude, rappelons-le, développait six hypothèses conduisant à relativiser les conflits entre disciplines, tout en redramatisant les tensions entre ces paradigmes rivaux. Les pages qui suivent entreprennent de nourrir ces six hypothèses à partir de l’analyse du conflit entre un paradigme dominant, que nous qualifions de « croissanciel », et un paradigme émergent, que nous appelons « écologique ». Cette contribution a lancé les travaux menés actuellement par le SIEJ sur le thème de la place du droit dans une société de l’après-croissance.
Critique existentielle de la croissance économique. Eléments pour une « transition anthropologique »
Authors: Arnsperger Christian
Published: December 2016

Cet article a pour objectif de faire le point sur une question cruciale mais trop souvent passée sous silence : comment « déraciner » les ressorts de la croissance économique comme base même de nos motivations dans la sphère économique. Pour ce faire, il propose une analyse approfondie des soubassements existentiels de notre système consumériste, productiviste et croissantiste, inscrite dans la tradition de l’anthropologie économique critique et visant à montrer que l’économie politique classique a, dès le départ, postulé une sorte de « pulsion de croissance » qui ferait partie du cœur des motivations de tout être humain. Aveuglément, l’économie contemporaine pose la croissance comme un principe existentiel incontournable et incontestable. À partir de là, le caractère socialement construit et psychologiquement pathologique d’une croissance économique perpétuelle devient invisible et cette croissance est présentée comme une propriété naturelle des « bons » systèmes économiques. L’article tente de démystifier cette posture naturaliste en partant de la pensée d’Adam Smith telle que relue par Christian Marouby, et en la critiquant à la lumière des travaux d’anthropologues et de philosophes davantage sensibles aux alternatives à la croissance. L’approche de la « contreproductivité », de l’« autonomie » et de la « convivialité » d’Ivan Illich est proposée comme voie de sortie vers une critique existentielle de la croissance économique et de reconstruction d’une science économique mieux adaptée aux nécessités de notre temps.
Novelties of gasteroid fungi, earthstars and puffballs, from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest
Authors: Da Silva Alfredo Dönis , De Oliveira Sousa Julieth , Jacinto de Souza Elielson , Nunes Conrado Luana Mayra , Goulart Baseia Iuri
Published: December 2016

The goal of this study was to increase the knowledge of gasteroid fungi in Atlantic Forest biome, which is considered one of the most important hot-spots of the world. Field expeditions were carried out in the Reserva Biologica Municipal de Santa Rita Mitzi Brandao area, in the southeastern part of Minas Gerais. 39 samples belonging to 11 species of earthstars and puffballs are new record for Minas Gerais, Geastrum javanicum Lév., Bovista cunninghamii Kreisel, and Lycoperdon lambinonii Demoulin are first records for Brazil. Information about the locality, morphological characters, illustrations of the basidiomata, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the basidiospores, as well as its distribution in Brazil, are given for all species.
Vegetative anatomy of Lophophytum mirabile subsp. bolivianum (Balanophoraceae) and the effect of its parasitism in the anatomy of the roots of its host Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil
Authors: González Ana María , Sato Héctor A.
Published: December 2016

The objectives of this work were to study the structure of the vegetative body of Lophophytum mirabile subsp. bolivianum (Wedd.) B. Hansen, to analyze the change on roots of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul when they are infected by this parasitic plant, and to identify the anatomical changes produced by that parasitism. L. mirabile subsp. bolivianum plants are formed by a spheroidal-narrower underground vegetative body or tuber, that externally has a dark warty surface;epidermis, stomata or trichomes are lacking. The central matrix of tuber consists of reserving parenchyma and vascular bundles. Parasitic cells located at the level of root cambium initiate the tuber formation. On the infected root of A. colubrina var.cebil, the identity of radial and axial growth of the secondary system are lost. This leads to the formation of xylem loops that affect the xylem transport and root development, which stops length growth and develops a woody gall. Infection of L. mirabile subsp. bolivianum causes profound anatomical changes in timber developing of A. colubrina var. cebil, which favor the parasite success.
Refractarios para hornos rotativos de cemento
Authors: Balaguer de Palleja José M.
Published: December 2016

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Fabricación económica de cemento a partir de crudos descarbonatados
Authors: Eigen H.
Published: December 2016

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Low cost Airo Viber speeds movement of bulle materials by trouble-free vibration
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: December 2016

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Simple Devices for Capping Compression-Test Samples
Authors: Waldorf S. K.
Published: December 2016

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Phosphate-bonded alumina castables: Some properties and applications
Authors: Gitzen W. H. , Hart L. D. , Maczura G.
Published: December 2016

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Aparato registrador de la retracción por secado
Authors: Moore F. , Noble W.
Published: December 2016

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Tratamiento de las superficies metálicas oxidadas que se van a pintar
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: December 2016

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Los combustibles y la combustión en los hornos de cemento
Authors: López Peciña Darío
Published: December 2016

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Combustión conjunta de fuel-oil y carbón
Authors: Serratosa Nadal Alfredo
Published: December 2016

No available
Materiales aislantes a base de vidrio espumado. Ensayos para obtener la máxima espumación
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: December 2016

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El «Silex», un nuevo impermeabilizante
Authors: Sánchez Castro Carlos
Published: December 2016

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Calidades de masas refractarias de cromomagnesita en dependencia de su composición y temperatura
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: December 2016

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Estudio sobre Ia determinación microquímica de la cal libre en el clinker del cemento portland
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: December 2016

Nota available
Estimating the Live Body Weight of American Black Bears in Florida
Authors: Bartareau Tad M.
Published: December 2016

Measuring the live body weight of large-bodied animals can be impractical when equipment needed to weigh individuals is inadequate or unavailable. My objective here was to develop a model to accurately estimate the live body weight of black bears Ursus americanus floridanus in Florida based on the relationship between scale weight and sex, morphometric measurements, and age predictor variables obtainable in the field. I used an information-theoretic approach to evaluate simple and multiple linear regression models with 70% of the data, and evaluated the best model in the set using the remaining 30%. A sex-specific model was sustained because the intercept and coefficient of age variable in female and male modeled relationships differed significantly. Chest girth2 was the best single predictor of body weight in each sex. A model including age, age2, and body length variables was better supported than chest girth2 alone. I also created a reduced model to estimate body weight when personnel may not have an opportunity to determine a bear's age. Even though there was decreasing support for the reduced model, differences between the observed and estimated body weight of all models applied to the validation data set were not significant. The 95% confidence interval on the bias of the best model ranged from −1.9 to 1.6 kg in females and −1.4 to 2.1 kg in males. The 95% confidence interval of the reduced model ranged from −1.8 to 2.3 kg in females and −2.5 to 0.5 kg in males. The body weight estimation models can be used to provide more live body weight data from handled black bears in Florida that are not weighed with a scale.
Differential co-expression network analysis for identification of functional modules in HIV infection and tubercolosis-HIV co-infection
Authors: Jha Mohit , Gupta Anvita , Singh Sudha , Pandey Khushhali Menaria
Published: December 2016

Co-infection with tuberculosis (TB) is the preeminent cause of demise in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals. However, diagnosis of TB, particularly in the presence of an HIV co-infection, can be limiting owing to the high inaccuracy associated with conventional diagnostic strategies. Here we determine dysregulated pathways in TB-HIV co-infection and HIV infection utilizing coexpression networks. Primarily, we utilized preservation statistics to identify gene modules that exhibit a weak conservation of network topology within HIV infected and TB-HIV co-infected networks. Raw data was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE50834) and duly pre-processed. Co-expression networks for each condition (HIV infected and TB-HIV co-infected) were constructed independently. Preservation of HIV infected network edges was evaluated with respect to TB-HIV co-infected and vice versa using weighted correlation network analysis. Two out of the 22 modules were identified as exhibiting weak preservation in both conditions. Functional enrichment analysis identified that weakly preserved modules were pertinent to the condition under study. For instance, weakly preserved TBHIV co-infected module T1 enriched for genes associated with mitochondrion exhibited the highest fraction of gene interaction pairs exclusive to TB-HIV co-infection. Concisely, we illustrated the application of using preservation statistics to detect modules functionally linked with dysregulated pathways in disease, as exemplified by the mitochondrion module T1. Our analyses discovered gene clusters that are non-randomly linked with the disease. Highly specific gene pairs pointed to interactions between known markers of disease and favoured identification of possible markers that are likely to be associated with the disease.
Impact of potash mining in streams: the Llobregat basin (northeast Spain) as a case study
Authors: Ladrera Ruben , Cañedo-Argüelles Miguel , Prat Narcís
Published: December 2016

Potash mining is significantly increasing the salt concentration of rivers and streams due to lixiviates coming from the mine tailings. In the present study, we have focused on the middle Llobregat basin (northeast Spain), where an important potash mining activity exists from the beginning of the XX century. Up to 50 million tonnes of saline waste have been disposed in the area, mainly composed of sodium chloride. We assessed the ecological status of streams adjacent to the mines by studying different physicochemical and hydromorphological variables, as well as aquatic macroinvertebrates. We found extraordinary high values of salinity in the studied streams, reaching conductivities up to 132.4 mS/cm. Salt-polluted streams were characterized by a deterioration of the riparian vegetation and the fluvial habitat. Both macroinvertebrate richness and abundance decreased with increasing salinity. In the most polluted stream only two families of macroinvertebrates were found: Ephydridae and Ceratopogonidae. According to the biotic indices IBMWP and IMMi-T, none of the sites met the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (WFD; i.e., good ecological status). Overall, we can conclude that potash-mining activities have the potential to cause severe ecological damage to their surrounding streams. This is mainly related to an inadequate management of the mine tailings, leading to highly saline runoff and percolates entering surface waters. Thus, we urge water managers and policy makers to take action to prevent, detect and remediate salt pollution of rivers and streams in potash mining areas.
Chironomid communities as indicators of local and global changes in an oligotrophic high mountain lake (Enol Lake, Northwestern Spain)
Authors: Tarrats Pol , Cañedo-Argüelles Miguel , Rieradevall Maria , Prat Narcís
Published: December 2016

The benthos of the high mountain Enol Lake (Picos de Europa National Park, Spain) was analyzed in order to understand the spatiotemporal factors and patterns controlling its current Chironomidae community. In total, more than 14,000 chironomid larvae were identified, belonging to 27 taxa. The results have pointed out the presence of 3 main chironomid assemblages in the lake: i) littoral community, which is mainly controlled by temperature and oxygen seasonal changes, ii) Chara-dominant community, which is mainly controlled by the presence and abundance of Characeae in the lake, and iii) profundal community, which is affected by low oxygen levels caused by sediment and organic matter discharge to the lake due to human pressures in the lake basin. We provide valuable insights for the managers to understand the current ecological status of Enol Lake and to evaluate which measures should be implemented to preserve or improve it. Moreover, our results constitute an essential step forward to improve the interpretation of the past changes of the lake by means of the subfossil chironomid community. 
Diffuse Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report with a Revision of Literature
Authors: Vinciguerra Gian Luca Rampioni , Noccioli Niccolò , Bartolazzi Armando
Published: December 2016

The diffuse follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DFV-PTC) is a rare malignant thyroid condition. It represents an uncommon variant of papillary carcinoma characterized by a diffuse involvement of thyroid parenchyma, follicular architecture and nuclear features of PTC in absence of a surrounding capsule. Up to date few data have been collected about this entity and, at the best of our knowledge, only 24 cases have been reported in the literature. According to these reports DFV-PTC seems to occur preferentially in young women and shows more aggressive behavior than other papillary thyroid tumors. Herein we present an unusual case of DFV-PTC occurring in an 83 years old woman, involving the entire thyroid gland, without distinct or prevalent thyroid nodules. The tumor was clinically misdiagnosed as obstructive goiter.