bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dinâmica da composição lipídica das fórmulas infantis e suas implicações clínicas
Authors: Falcão Mário Cícero
Published: October 2020

In human milk, the role of lipids as a source for the adequate growth and development of the infant
is highlighted. The lipidic system of breast milk, responsible for approximately 50% of calories,
is structured for the newborn and the infant. Digestion and absorption of lipids are facilitated
by the organization of fat, the type of fatty acid (palmitic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic acids, etc.), the
composition of triglycerides and the lipase stimulated by bile salts. In addition, milk contains docosahexaenoic acid, which allows optimal neurological and immunological development. Although
the lipid structure of breast milk is extremely complex, it should serve as a model for the dynamics
of the lipid composition of infant formulas. The addition of long-chain fatty acids (arachidonic
and docosahexaenoic acids) linked to phospholipids in infant formulas can contribute to a better
development of infants, as well as acting on the immune system and metabolic imprinting, reducing
the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Infants receiving formulas with palmitic acid in
theß-2 position have a higher lactobacillus count in the feces, when compared to those receiving
formulas with palmitic acid in the ß-1 and ß-3 positions, promoting the maintenance of intestinal
eubiosis. Infants receiving formulas with ß-2 palmitic acid present bone health similar to infants
breastfeeding, as fecal calcium loss does not occur.
The Bipartite $K_{2,2}$-Free Process and Bipartite Ramsey Number $b(2, t)$
Authors: Bal Deepak , Bennett Patrick
Published: October 2020

The bipartite Ramsey number $b(s,t)$ is the smallest integer $n$ such that every blue-red edge coloring of $K_{n,n}$ contains either a blue $K_{s,s}$ or a red $K_{t,t}$. In the bipartite $K_{2,2}$-free process, we begin with an empty graph on vertex set $X\cup Y$, $|X|=|Y|=n$. At each step, a random edge from $X\times Y$ is added under the restriction that no $K_{2,2}$ is formed. This step is repeated until no more edges can be added. In this note, we analyze this process and prove that the resulting graph shows that $b(2,t) =\Omega(t^{3/2}/\log t)$, thereby improving the best known lower bound.
Monochromatic Subgraphs in Iterated Triangulations
Authors: Ma Jie , Tang Tianyun , Yu Xingxing
Published: October 2020

For integers $n\ge 0$, an iterated triangulation $\mathrm{Tr}(n)$ is defined recursively as follows: $\mathrm{Tr}(0)$ is the plane triangulation on three vertices and, for $n\ge 1$, $\mathrm{Tr}(n)$ is the plane triangulation obtained from the plane triangulation $\mathrm{Tr}(n-1)$ by, for each inner face $F$ of $\mathrm{Tr}(n-1)$, adding inside $F$ a new vertex and three edges joining this new vertex to the three vertices incident with $F$.

In this paper, we show that there exists a 2-edge-coloring of $\mathrm{Tr}(n)$ such that $\mathrm{Tr}(n)$ contains no monochromatic copy of the cycle $C_k$ for any $k\ge 5$. As a consequence, the answer to one of two questions asked by Axenovich et al. is negative. We also determine the radius 2 graphs $H$ for which there exists $n$ such that every 2-edge-coloring of $\mathrm{Tr}(n)$ contains a monochromatic copy of $H$, extending a result of Axenovich et al. for radius 2 trees.
Stieltjes Moment Sequences for Pattern-Avoiding Permutations
Authors: Bostan Alin , Elvey Price Andrew , Guttmann Anthony John , Maillard Jean-Marie
Published: October 2020

A small set of combinatorial sequences have coefficients that can be represented as moments of a nonnegative measure on $[0, \infty)$. Such sequences are known as Stieltjes moment sequences. They have a number of nice properties, such as log-convexity, which are useful to rigorously bound their growth constant from below.

This article focuses on some classical sequences in enumerative combinatorics, denoted $Av(\mathcal{P})$, and counting permutations of $\{1, 2, \ldots, n \}$ that avoid some given pattern $\mathcal{P}$. For increasing patterns $\mathcal{P}=(12\ldots k)$, we recall that the corresponding sequences, $Av(123\ldots k)$, are Stieltjes moment sequences, and we explicitly find the underlying density function, either exactly or numerically, by using the Stieltjes inversion formula as a fundamental tool.

We first illustrate our approach on two basic examples, $Av(123)$ and $Av(1342)$, whose generating functions are algebraic. We next investigate the general (transcendental) case of $Av(123\ldots k)$, which counts permutations whose longest increasing subsequences have length at most $k-1$. We show that the generating functions of the sequences $\, Av(1234)$ and $\, Av(12345)$ correspond, up to simple rational functions, to an order-one linear differential operator acting on a classical modular form given as a pullback of a Gaussian $\, _2F_1$ hypergeometric function, respectively to an order-two linear differential operator acting on the square of a classical modular form given as a pullback of a $\, _2F_1$ hypergeometric function.

We demonstrate that the density function for the Stieltjes moment sequence $Av(123\ldots k)$ is closely, but non-trivially, related to the density attached to the distance traveled by a walk in the plane with $k-1$ unit steps in random directions.

Finally, we study the challenging case of the $Av(1324)$ sequence and give compelling numerical evidence that this too is a Stieltjes moment sequence. Accepting this, we show how rigorous lower bounds on the growth constant of this sequence can be constructed, which are stronger than existing bounds. A further unproven assumption leads to even better bounds, which can be extrapolated to give an estimate of the (unknown) growth constant.
Existence and Hardness of Conveyor Belts
Authors: Baird Molly , Billey Sara , Demaine Erik , Demaine Martin , Eppstein David , Fekete Sándor , Gordon Graham , Griffin Sean , Mitchell Joseph , Swanson Joshua
Published: October 2020

An open problem of Manuel Abellanas asks whether every set of disjoint closed unit disks in the plane can be connected by a conveyor belt, which means a tight simple closed curve that touches the boundary of each disk, possibly multiple times. We prove three main results:

For unit disks whose centers are both $x$-monotone and $y$-monotone, or whose centers have $x$-coordinates that differ by at least two units, a conveyor belt always exists and can be found efficiently.

It is NP-complete to determine whether disks of arbitrary radii have a conveyor belt, and it remains NP-complete when we constrain the belt to touch disks exactly once.

Any disjoint set of $n$ disks of arbitrary radii can be augmented by $O(n)$ "guide" disks so that the augmented system has a conveyor belt touching each disk exactly once, answering a conjecture of Demaine, Demaine, and Palop.
El penúltimo capítulo sobre cláusulas abusivas: reflexiones al hilo de la sentencia TJUE Ibercaja Banco
Authors: Aguilera Morales Marien
Published: October 2020

La reciente Sentencia TJUE de 9 de julio de 2020 suma importantes novedades a la doctrina del TJUE en materia de cláusulas abusivas en contratos celebrados con los consumidores. En esta ocasión las novedades conciernen a la cláusula de renuncia al ejercicio de acciones por el consumidor, que se considera puede ser abusiva en el marco de las controversias actuales con el profesional, y que siempre es abusiva en el marco de las controversias futuras.
Incorporación del enjuiciamiento en ausencia de menores al sistema procesal penal español con apoyo en la jurisprudencia del TEDH y la normativa de la Unión Europea
Authors: Serrano Masip Mercedes
Published: October 2020

El enjuiciamiento en ausencia de menores acusados es una de las principales cuestiones controvertidas en el sistema de justicia penal español. Desde la entrada en vigor de la ley que regula en la actualidad el proceso penal de menores, la LO 5/2000, los tribunales que han de interpretarla y aplicarla han mantenido y continúan defendiendo posturas radicalmente opuestas acerca de si el juicio puede celebrarse sin estar presente el menor en la sala de vistas. Los efectos negativos de esta divergencia, en especial la inseguridad jurídica que genera, solo pueden ser superados a través de una reforma legal. En este trabajo se analizan las bases esenciales en las que ha de inspirarse dicha reforma. Estas son la jurisprudencia del TEDH sobre el derecho del acusado a estar presente en el proceso penal y los instrumentos normativos UE que han abordado, desde las perspectivas del reconocimiento mutuo y de la aproximación legislativa, el tema del enjuiciamiento y la condena en ausencia del acusado. Con respecto a la jurisprudencia del TEDH, son examinadas, en particular, las garantías procesales exigidas para que la renuncia a aquel derecho sea compatible con un juicio justo. Y en lo atinente a la normativa UE, además de comprobar cómo se lleva a cabo la recepción de la jurisprudencia del TEDH, se proponen los criterios que deberían acotar la eficacia de la cláusula de”no regresión”, incluida en la Dir. 2016/800, a los efectos de no impedir una futura modificación de la LO 5/2000.
Delay in Diagnosis of Patients with Head-and-Neck Cancer in Canada: Impact of Patient and Provider Delay
Authors: Kassirian S. , Dzioba A. , Hamel S. , Patel K. , Sahovaler A. , Palma D.A. , Read N. , Venkatesan V. , Nichols A.C. , Yoo J. , Fung K. , Mendez A. , MacNeil S.D.
Published: October 2020

Background: Head-and-neck cancers (hncs) often present at an advanced stage, leading to poor outcomes. Late presentation might be attributable to patient delays (reluctance to seek treatment, for instance) or provider delays (misdiagnosis, prolonged wait time for consultation, for example). The objective of the present study was to examine the length and cause of such delays in a Canadian universal health care setting. Methods: Patients presenting for the first time to the hnc multidisciplinary team (mdt) with a biopsy-proven hnc were recruited to this study. Patients completed a survey querying initial symptom presentation, their previous medical appointments, and length of time between appointments. Clinical and demographic data were collected for all patients. Results: The average time for patients to have their first appointment at the mdt clinic was 15.1 months, consisting of 3.9 months for patients to see a health care provider (hcp) for the first time since symptom onset and 10.7 months from first hcp appointment to the mdt clinic. Patients saw an average of 3 hcps before the mdt clinic visit (range: 1–7). No significant differences in time to presentation were found based on stage at presentation or anatomic site. Conclusions: At our tertiary care cancer centre, a patient’s clinical pathway to being seen at the mdt clinic shows significant delays, particularly in the time from the first hcp visit to mdt referral. Possible methods to mitigate delay include education about hnc for patients and providers alike, and a more streamlined referral system.
The Russian Orthodox Church and the Secret Chancellery in the Context of Reforms of Peter the Great
Authors:   Vologda Law and Economics Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (VILE of the FPS of Russia), Pavlushkov Aleksandr R.
Published: October 2020

Based on various sources, this article attempts to determine the scope and nature of the relationship between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Secret Chancellery during the reforms of Peter I. The chronological framework of the period under study is limited to 1718–1725. It should be noted that the number of works on this topic is rather small. The article dwells on the various aspects and forms of the relationship between the penal body and the Church as a whole. The starting point is the case of Tsarevich Alexei, which exposed the dissatisfaction of the clergy with the reforms of Peter I and initiated the strengthening of punitive policies, involving the tools of the Church. According to the author, the established relationship between the Church and the Secret Chancellery cannot be called sporadic, since there had been a certain unity of mutual interests between the parties. It is emphasized that contradictions had been accumulating between them, related to the violation of the secrecy of confession, lack of legal regulation of official relations, and structural vagueness of the institutions of the Most Holy Synod that had contacts with the Secret Chancellery. Nevertheless, in practice there had been developed a certain procedure for coordinating various issues, which both sides refrained from violating. Further, the author analyses the case of Tsarevich Alexei and the role of the first chief procurators of the Most Holy Synod in the context of the development of the relationship between the Church and the Secret Chancellery. Further, the article indicates the reasons for not only mutual interest, but also the subsequent crisis in their relationship that occurred in 1725. The author concludes that the relationship between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Secret Chancellery was in line with the policy of forming a police state.
The Interaction Between the Soviet and the British Troops in Austria in the Spring of 1945
Authors:   Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, Terent’ev Vyacheslav O. ,   Museum of Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping
Published: October 2020

This article is part of the series of the author’s works covering the interaction between the Soviet and the British troops in the spring of 1945. For the first time in historiography, a comprehensive reconstruction of the meeting of these troops in Austria on 9–13 May 1945 is undertaken on the basis of original documents from Russian and British archives, quite a few of which have never been analysed or even mentioned before. The final stage of the liberation of Austria has been rather misrepresented in Soviet historiography. In particular, the Soviet troops were thought to have met the American troops on the Linz–Gaflenz–Klagenfurt line in late April – early May. However, the archival documents indicate that it was the British troops the Red Army met in Austria, and that as late as May 9–13. What is more, Klagenfurt was never reached by the Soviet units, as the British division headquarters were dislocated there. In Austria, the interaction lines had not been clearly determined due to Churchill’s efforts; at the same time, a crisis was brewing there between the British contingent and the Yugoslavs and the Bulgarians. The troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front under the command of Marshal Tolbukhin pushed the meeting line planned by the British prime minister far west. The actions of Tolbukhin’s units and their assistance to the Bulgarian and the Yugoslavian troops substantially weakened the British positions in the future political dialogue and practically wrecked Churchill’s plans for strengthening the British influence on the Balkans. Further, this paper depicts and analyses the activities of the Soviet headquarters and military units aimed to make their way forward into the area of the “opposing ally” – Great Britain. In addition, the role of the Soviet command in settling the British-Bulgarian military confrontation is noted.
Biblical Background of Earth Conceptualization in English Linguoculture (the Motif of the Creation of Man in John Milton’s Epic Poem Paradise Lost)
Authors:   Military Educational Institution of Logistics named after General of the Army A.V. Khrulyov, Moshina Elena A.
Published: October 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to describe the cognitive signs of dust in the acroconcept “earth/ land” in the aspect of Christian influence on the consciousness of native speakers of English. For material the author turned to English fiction of different periods and monolingual English dictionaries. The key methods applied in this paper are descriptive, conceptual, comparative, and interpretative. According to the study, the structure of the macroconcept “earth/land” in English linguoculture contains religious signs related to the Christian cult, namely to the motif of the creation of man. The English version of King James Bible states that God created man from “dust of the ground”. The analysis of dictionary entries revealed 17 cognitive signs of dust, including the following: ‘dry natural matter’, ‘decay’, ‘confusion/fuss/disturbance’, ‘humiliation/low state, ‘ground/surface’, ‘small dry particles of dirt’, ‘dust cloud’, ‘low value’, ‘residue/waste ready for collection’, ‘individual particle’, ‘gold dust’, ‘corpse’, ‘(mortal) body of man’, ‘ashes/soot/coal/brick/chalk/garbage’, ‘place of burial’, ‘money/cash’, and ‘silicosis/respiratory disease’. The author found 15 of the aforementioned cognitive signs of dust in John Milton’s Paradise Lost, some of which express syncretic concepts. The article singles out six clusters of cognitive signs of dust in modern English linguoculture: 1) agricultural: the Garden of Eden; 2) somatic; 3) material; 4) territorial: a) place of residence, b) place of rest; 5) valuable, of ambivalent nature; 6) mental, emotional and moral. The third – material – cluster is the most diverse in terms of the number of cognitive signs.
The Sources and Formation of Significs: Victoria Welby’s Early Works
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Skripnik Konstantin D.
Published: October 2020

The interest in the ideas, works and personality of Victoria Lady Welby, which are practically unknown to Russian scholars, was first generated in commentaries and studies as late as fifty years after her death. Meanwhile, Lady Welby was not only the founder of a new science of meaning, which she called significs, but also played an important role in connecting different scholars and philosophers of her time as well as influenced the development of many of them, including C. Ogden and C. Peirce and members of the Signific Movement in the Netherlands. Although the fundamental ideas of significs are fully presented in her books published in the 20th century, this paper focuses on Welby’s early articles in the journals Mind and The Monist. Noteworthy, it is not hard to see the influence of Darwin’s evolutionary theory in the development of significs as well as to find the traces of preceding linguistic and philosophical considerations of the nature of language in it. Significs defines meaning in the evolutionary dynamics as a three-part structure that includes three stages or phases: sense, meaning and significance. Sense is defined as a pre-rational, pre-verbal or instinctive stage, while meaning as intentional or volitional stage. At the third stage, it includes sense, meaning and value. Thus, significs combines organismic, psychological, linguistic, practical, as well as moral and axiological aspects.
Digitalization of the Economy as the Basis for the Formation and Development of E-business and the Transformation of Traditional Entrepreneurship
Authors: Мавлянова З.
Published: October 2020

в статье рассматривается воздействие цифровой экономики на современный бизнес. Показывается нарастающая электронизация бизнеса, его новые формы и возможности. Особо выделяется та часть цифровой экономики, которая нацелена на цифровизацию традиционных отраслей. Электронизация бизнеса включает и электронизацию производственных отношений.

the article examines the impact of the digital economy on modern business. It shows the growing electronics business, its new forms, and opportunities. The part of the digital economy that aims to digitalize traditional industries is particularly highlighted. Business electronation also includes the electronation
of industrial relations.
The content of Research Activity of Foreign Undergraduates
Authors: Рыблова А.Н. , Кан Ц.
Published: October 2020

в статье ставится и успешно решается проблема организации научно-исследовательской деятельности иностранных магистрантов в РФ и КНР. Авторы статьи анализирует проблемы, возникающие при реализации магистерских программ у обучающихся во время их обучения за рубежом, отмечает рост числа иностранных граждан, желающих освоить магистерские программы за рубежом, выделяют направление и профиль наиболее востребованных ими программ. На основе теоретического анализа нормативных документов, научных исследований российских и китайских ученых была определена сущность научно-исследовательской деятельности в магистратуре, а также ее цели, виды, синтезированы основные действия и операции, которые должны выполнять иностранные магистранты по направлению подготовки.

the article raises and successfully solves the problem of organizing research activity of foreign undergraduates in Russia and China. The authors analyze the problems that arise when implementing masters’ programs for foreign students, point out the growth in the number of foreign undergraduates, highlights the most popular training directions in the masters’ programs. Based on the theoretical analysis of regulatory documents, and scientific researches by Russian and Chinese scientists, the definition of research activity in the masters’ programs, as well as its goals, types are defined, the main actions and operations that should be performed by foreign undergraduates are summarized.
Evald Vasilievich Ilyenkov on the Role of School Education in the Formation of Critical Thinking of Students
Authors: Кондратьева С.Б.
Published: October 2020

статья посвящена анализу творческого наследия Э.В. Ильенкова, связанного с осмыслением проблемы критического мышления и роли школьного образования в его формировании. Размышления философа носят междисциплинарный характер, затрагивая философские, педагогические и психологические вопросы. Особое место в работах Э.В. Ильенкова отводится вопросам морали и нравственности, на основе которых формирование критического мышления у школьников реализуется уже на уровне начальных классов. Автор делает вывод о том, что обращение к работам философа способствует переосмыслению взглядов на современное образование, разрешению противоречий, связанных с этическими вопросами современности, а также дает возможность акцентировать внимание на роли учителя в образовательном процессе, направленном на воспитание критически мыслящей и духовно-нравственной личности.

the article is devoted to the analysis of the creative heritage of E.V. Ilyenkov, associated with the comprehension of the problem of critical thinking and the role of school education in its formation. It is shown that the philosopher's thoughts are interdisciplinary in nature, affecting philosophical, pedagogical, and psychological issues. A special place in the works of E.V. Ilyenkova is devoted to questions of morality, based on which the formation of critical thinking in schoolchildren is realized already at the level of elementary grades. The author concludes that the appeal to the works of the philosopher contributes to the rethinking of views on modern education, the resolution of contradictions related to ethical issues of our time, and also makes it possible to focus on the role of the teacher in the educational process aimed at educating critically thinking and spiritually - moral personality.
Problems and Prospects of Training Primary School Teachers to use Distance Learning Technologies in the Regions
Authors: Горбатова О.А.
Published: October 2020

в статье рассматриваются проблемы современного образования и перспективы подготовки учителя начальной школы организовать дистанционное обучение в регионе.

the article discusses the challenges of modern education and the ability of primary school teachers to organize distance learning in the region.
Management Decision-making as an Element of Mobility Training of Subjects from Kyrgyzstan in Russian Higher-educational Establishments
Authors: Акылбекова А.А.
Published: October 2020

в статье рассматриваются управленческие решения, которые принимаются в российских вузах для осуществления учебной и профессиональной мобильности. Анализируются барьеры иностранных студентов и рассматриваются пути их преодоления.

the article dwells on the decisions made by higher educational establishments for academic and professional mobility implementation. The barriers of foreign students are analyzed and the ways to their overcoming are reviewed.
The Team Focus of Modern Educational Organisation
Authors: Губанова Е.В.
Published: October 2020

в статье рассматриваются подходы к командному фокусу современной образовательной организации, вопросы использования различных стратегий и методов обучения командной работе в образовательной организации по магистерским программам для подготовки управленческих кадров для системы образования. Выделены признаки (приверженность к успеху команды и общим целям, взаимозависимость, межличностные навыки, открытое общение и рефлексия, состав команды, приверженность командным процессам, лидерству и подотчетности), необходимые для успешной командной работы, и раскрыто их содержание. Сделан акцент на понимании качественных характеристик эффективной управленческой команде образовательной организации, а также выделены и охарактеризованы аспекты (различные «типы» участников команд, разделение труда и ответственность, рабочие процессы, определение цели, календарный график и промежуточные цели, определение и соблюдение правил, информационные каналы, креативность в команде, формирование команды) управления образовательной организации руководителем – лидером команды, который должен учитывать их в зависимости от ситуации при принятии решений.

the article deals with the approaches to modern educational organization team focus. The questions of using different strategies and methods of teaching teamwork in educational organization on Masters’ programs for tutoring managers for educational system. The patterns necessary for successful teamwork are determined (commitment to team success and common goals, interdependence, interpersonal skills, open communication and reflection, team composition, commitment to team processes, leadership, and reporting). The content of each pattern is given. The accent is given to understanding quality characteristics of effective management team of educational organization, also such aspects of managing educational organization by a manger – team leader who should take into account all these aspects depending on decision making situation are characterized (different team members’ types, labor and responsibility division, working processes, aiming, scheduling and sub aiming, the code of conduct, informational channels, team creativity, team formation).
Socio-Humanitarian Technologies forming Reflexivity and Responsibility in Student Youth
Authors: Филиппченкова С.И.
Published: October 2020

в статье рассматриваются возможности использования современных социогуманитарных технологий формирования рефлексивности и ответственности у современных российских студентов. Использование современных технологий, мультимедийных средств в учебно-воспитательном процессе базируется на специфических знаниях и умениях и предъявляет к личности как педагога, так и обучающегося ряд особых требований к когнитивной сфере, уровню ответственности и рефлексивности, мотивационной составляющей, психоэмоциональному состоянию и личностным особенностям субъектов учебного процесса в высшей школе. Взаимодействие в системе «преподаватель-студент» предполагает наличие диалогового общения, межличностного восприятия, доверия, сотрудничества. В статье представлены результаты психодиагностического исследования уровня рефлексивности современной молодежи, которое проводилось на репрезентативной выборке студентов тверских вузов в количестве 800 человек.
Средний с тенденцией к высокому уровень рефлексивности, демонстрируемый современными студентами, свидетельствует об их психологической готовности к учебному процессу в новых технологических и социально-психологических условиях. Рефлексивность, являясь одной из сторон когнитивной сферы личности, оказывает мощное влияние на формирование самооценки, самоотношения к самому себе как индивиду и будущему профессионалу, оказывает влияние на картину жизненного пути и личных достижений студентов.

the article discusses the possibilities of using modern socio-humanitarian technologies for the formation of reflexivity and responsibility among modern Russian students. The use of modern technologies, multimedia tools in the educational process is based on specific knowledge and skills and imposes on the personality of both the teacher and the student a number of special requirements for the cognitive sphere, level of responsibility and reflectivity, motivational component, psychoemotional state and personal characteristics of subjects of the educational process in high school. Interaction in the «teacher-student» system assumes the presence of dialogue communication, interpersonal perception, trust, cooperation. The article presents the results of a psychodiagnostic study of the level of reflexivity of modern youth, which was carried out on a representative sample of 800 students from Tver universities. Demonstrated by modern students, the average with a tendency to a high level of reflexivity testifies to their psychological readiness for the educational process in new technological and socio-psychological conditions. Reflexivity, being one of the aspects of the cognitive sphere of the personality, has a powerful impact on the formation of self-esteem, self-reliance on oneself as an individual and future professional, and affects the picture of students' life path and personal achievements.
Modern Teacher: Subject Specialist or Universal Specialist?
Authors: Левикова С.И.
Published: October 2020

проблема, каким быть современному педагогу: предметником или универсальным специалистом, в определенном смысле традиционна, но ее решение зависит от нескольких факторов: каковы цели образования; что предполагается получить в результате образования; какими будут ученики, получившие данное образование. Для различных ступеней школьного образования нужны различные модели педагогов: в начальной школе педагог должен быть универсальным специалистом, а на этапе средней и старшей общеобразовательной школы – предметником, но с широким кругозором и знаниями в других областях науки. При этом школа должна давать ученикам базовое образование.

the problem of what to be a modern teacher: a subject specialist or a universal specialist, is in a certain sense traditional, but its decision depends on several factors: what are the goals of education; what is supposed to be obtained as a result of education; what will be the students who received this education. The author comes to the conclusion that different models of teachers are needed for different levels of school education: in elementary school, the teacher should be a universal specialist, and at the stage of secondary and senior secondary school – a subject specialist, but with a broad outlook and knowledge in other fields of science. At the same time, the school should provide students with basic education.
Exhibition Activity as a Factor of Formation of Professional Identity of Students – Future Primary School Teachers
Authors: Федотова О.Д.
Published: October 2020

в статье анализируется результаты участия студентов, осваивающих основную образовательную программу по направлению подготовки 44.03.01 Педагогическое образование (профиль «Начальное образование»), в подготовке и проведении выставки «Очевидная грамотность: визуальный ряд в современной зарубежной азбуке». Характеризуются основные этапы совместной работы студентов над концепцией выставки, отбор и размещение экспонатов на стендах, представление их посетителям. Определяются прямые и косвенные эффекты, возникающие в результате освоения студентами теоретических знаний и коммуникативных умений, используемых для проведения выставки. Делается вывод о важности включения студентов в выставочную деятельность, которая способствует профессиональной самоидентификации будущего педагога.

the article presents the results of the participation of students mastering the main educational program in the field of training 44.03.01 Pedagogical education (Primary education profile) in the preparation and conduct of the exhibition «Obvious Literacy: A Visual Series in the Modern Foreign ABC-books». The characteristics of the stages of students' joint work are given, the joint activities on selecting exhibits, placing exhibits on stands, and the way exhibits are presented to visitors are described. Direct and indirect effects resulting from the development of theoretical knowledge and communication skills used by students for the exhibition are determined. The conclusion about the importance of including students in exhibition activities, which contributes to the professional self-identification of the future teacher is drawn.
The Study of Philosophy as a Factor in the Formation of Critical Thinking
Authors: Князев В.Н.
Published: October 2020

в статье рассматривается проблема формирования критического мышления в процессе обучения философии. Подчеркивается, что сама природа философского знания такова, что оно (знание) личностно ориентировано и может быть охарактеризовано как «сознание вслух» (М.К. Мамардашвили). Задача преподавателя философии состоит в создании условий для раскрытия душевных и интеллектуальных качеств студентов в векторе формирования креативности, самостоятельности мышления, толерантности и критичности.

the article considers the problem of the formation of critical thinking in the process of teaching philosophy. It is emphasized that the very nature of philosophical knowledge is such that it (knowledge) is personally oriented and can be characterized as “consciousness out loud” (M.K. Mamardashvili). The task of the teacher of philosophy is to create the conditions for the disclosure of the spiritual and intellectual qualities of students in the vector of the formation of creativity, independent thinking, tolerance, and criticality.
“You can't copy-paste”: Creative Home Tasks in the Context of Distance Learning
Authors: Шевцова А.А. , Купцова И.А.
Published: October 2020

В статье рассматривается кейс дистанционного обучения, реализованный на кафедре культурологии Московского педагогического государственного университета (МПГУ) во время пандемии коронавируса COVID-19 весной – начале лета 2020 г. Авторы анализируют спектр различных творческих домашних заданий для студентов бакалавриата и магистратуры и практику их применения в условиях дистанционного обучения.

the article deals with the case of distance learning, implemented at the Department of cultural studies of the Moscow state pedagogical University (MPSU) during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic in the spring and early summer of 2020. The authors analyze the range of various creative homework assignments for undergraduate and graduate students and the practice of their application in distance learning.
Educational Component of the Social Block of State Economic Policy of the Integration Associations of Countries with Emerging Markets
Authors: Бу Т.
Published: October 2020

в статье показана возрастающая роль социального блока государственной экономической политики интеграционных объединений стран с развивающимися рынками, где развитие образовательной составляющей выступает ее приоритетом.

the article shows the increasing role of the social block of the state economic policy of integration associations of countries with emerging markets, where the development of the educational component is its priority.
Distant Technologies in the Process of Training Future Journalists in Philosophy and Logic
Authors: Флорова В.С.
Published: October 2020

в статье рассматриваются перспективы дистанционного образования, его плюсы и минусы, возможность удаленного обучения как основной и вспомогательной формы. Способы организации занятий рассматриваются в применении к обучению будущих журналистов философии и логике с помощью цифровой среды Moodle.

the paper discusses perspectives of using distant learning technolo-gies, its positive and negative aspects and the possibility of virtual education as a basic and additional form of training. Also, the paper considers the organi-zation of classes for future journalists in process of training students in philos-ophy and logic with the aid of the virtual education platform LMS Moodle.
Intersticinių plaučių ligų radiologinės diagnostikos principai
Authors: Burovienė Vytautė , Zaveckienė Jurgita
Published: October 2020

Intersticinės plaučių ligos (IPL) – tai grupė įvairios etiologijos plaučių, jungiamojo audinio ir sisteminių ligų, pažeidžiančių plaučių intersticiumą. Nepakitęs intersticiumas radiologiniais tyrimo metodais dažniausiai nematomas dėl labai mažų struktūrų dydžių. Sergant IPL, intersticiumas sustorėja ir gali būti vertinamas vaizdiniais tyrimo metodais. Kompiuterinė tomografija – tai radiologinis metodas, kuriuo gali būti vertinami antrinės skiltelės struktūriniai pokyčiai. Radiologinė IPL diagnostika remiasi IPL požymių nustatymu bei pokyčių išplitimo įvertinimu ir dažnai yra sudėtinga, nes įvairios etiologijos intersticinės ligos pasireiškia radiologiniais požymiais ir jų deriniais, kurie būdingi daugeliui ligų. Tiksli IPL diagnozė yra konstruktyvaus tarpdisciplininio bendradarbiavimo rezultatas.
Sisteminių autoimuninių ligų, susijusių su plaučių pažeidimu, laboratorinės diagnostikos galimybės
Authors: Gintauskienė Viltė Marija , Paulauskienė Margarita , Šitkauskienė Brigita
Published: October 2020

Daugelis autoimuninių ligų yra siejamos su sisteminiu įvairių organų pažeidimu. Šių ligų metu gali būti pažeidžiama ir kvėpavimo organų sistema. Šiame straipsnyje aptariamos pagrindinės sisteminės autoimuninės ligos, galinčios sukelti plaučių pažeidimus, bei jų metu nustatomų autoantikūnų reikšmė. Laboratorinė autoantikūnų diagnostika, įtariant tokias ligas kaip, sisteminė raudonoji vilkligė, reumatoidinis artritas, sisteminė sklerozė (sklerodermija), polimiozitas, dermatomiozitas, Sjogreno, Gudpasčerio bei antifosfolipidinis sindromai arba vaskulitas yra itin svarbi ankstyvajai ligos diagnostikai bei galimai ligos prognozei vertinti. Vienu pagrindinių laboratoriniu tyrimo metodu autoantikūnams įvertinti laikoma netiesioginė imunofluorescencija.
Fibroblastų vaidmuo kvėpavimo takų remodeliacijos vystymuisi sergant astma
Authors: Januškevičius Andrius , Stonkus Rokas , Janulaitytė Ieva , Malakauskas Kęstutis
Published: October 2020

Terminu kvėpavimo takų remodeliacija apibūdinami struktūriniai plaučių pokyčiai sergant astma. Fibroblastai yra mezenchiminės ląstelės, organizme randamos tiek nekontraktiliškų fibroblastų, tiek kontraktiliškumu pasižyminčių miofibroblastų fenotipuose. Sergant astma, plaučių fibroblastų skaičius padidėja dėl gausesnio proliferaciją skatinančių mediatorių kiekio, intensyvesnio epitelinio-mezenchiminio virsmo bei fibrocitų infiltracijos į kvėpavimo takus iš periferinio kraujo. Epitelinis-mezenchiminis virsmas – tai procesas, kurio metu dalis epitelinių ląstelių įgauna mezenchiminėms ląstelėms būdingų savybių, o sutrikęs epitelinis-mezenchiminis virsmas nustatomas daugelio plaučių ligų atvejų. Fibrocitai turi fibroblastų, monocitų ir hematopoetinių ląstelių savybių bei lėtinio kvėpavimo takų uždegimo fone gali migruoti į sergančiųjų astma plaučius ir diferencijuoti į fibroblastus. Gausesnė fibroblastų populiacija plaučiuose dėl intensyvesnės proliferacijos, epitelinio-mezenchiminio virsmo ir fibrocitų infiltracijos prisideda prie sutrikusios užląstelinio užpildo baltymų apykaitos bei didesnio įvairių citokinų, chemokinų bei augimo faktorių kiekio, taip prisidedant ir prie kvėpavimo takų remodelicijos vystymosi sergant astma.
Dusulio intensyvumo sąsajos su eozinofilų skaičiumi kraujyje sergant alergine astma
Authors: Kalinauskaitė-Žukauskė Virginija , Hoppenot Deimantė , Malakauskas Kęstutis
Published: October 2020

Įvadas. Greta daugelio veiksnių, galinčių įtakoti dusulio suvokimą, reikšmingos įtakos turi ir patofiziologiniai procesai, vykstantys plaučiuose, pvz., kvėpavimo takų uždegimas. Alerginės astmos patogenezėje svarbiausios uždegimo ląstelės yra eozinofiliai, kurie sukelia eozinofilinį kvėpavimo takų uždegimą, pasireiškiantį padidėjusiu bronchų reaktyvumu. Iki šiol nepakankamai ištirtos dusulio intensyvumo sąsajos su kraujo eozinofilų skaičiumi sergant alergine astma. Tikslas. Įvertinti sergančiųjų alergine astma dusulio intensyvumo sąsajas su kraujo eozinofilų skaičiumi kraujyje prieš ir po bronchų provokacijos Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pteronyssinus) alergenu. Metodika. Ištirta 11 sergančiųjų alergine astma (amžiaus vidurkis – 31,8±9,3 metų) kurių plaučių funkcija normali ir nevartoja įkvepiamųjų gliukokortikoidų. Visiems tiriamiesiems atlikti bronchų provokaciniai mėginiai su metacholinu ir D. pteronyssinus alergenu. Dusulio intensyvumas vertintas matuojant Borgo skale sumažėjus forsuoto iškvėpimo tūriui per pirmąją sekundę (FEV1) 20 proc. bronchų provokacijos alergenu metu (PS20A). Eozinofilų skaičius kraujyje vertintas prieš ir praėjus 24 val. po bronchų provokacinio mėginio su alergenu. Gauti duomenys apdoroti statistine programa „SPSS 23.0“. Rezultatai. Vidutinis dusulio intensyvumas bronchų provokacijos su alergenu metu (PS20A) buvo 2,97±2,31. Vidutinis kraujo eozinofilų skaičius prieš provokacinį mėginį alergenu buvo 0,36±0,25×109/l, po provokacinio mėginio jų skaičius reikšmingai padidėjo iki 0,51±0,21×109/l (p = 0,046). Nustatytos statistiškai reikšmingos sąsajos tarp PS20A ir eozinofilų skaičiaus kraujyje prieš provokaciją alergenu (R = -0,651, p = 0,030) ir 24 val. po jos (R = -0,607, p = 0,048). Išvados. Nustatyta atvirkštinė sąsaja tarp PS20A ir eozinofilų skaičiaus prieš ir po provokacijos D. pteronyssinus alergenu. Taigi, ryškėjant sisteminiam eozinofiliniam uždegimui, blogėja dusulio suvokimas, o tai gali būti sunkaus alerginės astmos paūmėjimo rizikos veiksnys.
Omalizumabo veiksmingumas gydant sunkią alerginę astmą
Authors: Biekšienė Kristina
Published: October 2020

Omalizumabas tai veiksmingas pridėtinis vaistas sunkiai alerginei astmai gydyti. Gydant omalizumabu, mažėja paūmėjimų dažnis, mažėja ne tik geriamųjų, bet ir inhaliuojamųjų gliukokortikoidų dozės, gerėja gyvenimo kokybė. Ilgalaikis gydymas omalizumabu yra veiksmingas ir pasižymi palankiu saugumo profiliu, be to, juo galima gydyti ir vaikus.
The Identity of Hispanic Literatures: One Breath, a Million Words
Authors: Marrero Henríquez José Manuel
Published: October 2020

Nothing can stop the tides of innovation in art: it is this idea that a captive, dirty, weak, and hungry Don Quixote embraced to affirm himself as the heroic referent for the emerging Romance literatures. Indeed, this adaptability has been the secret of his longevity in the Western canon. Like Don Quixote, Hispanic literatures cannot build their identity on a pristine, metropolitan, and uniform Spanish language elevated by its exclusivity. If literary Hispanism is to be alive, it needs to evolve into a complex cultural construction that binds together the oral and literat­e languages of America and Spain and takes into account transatlantic flows and contradictions. Breathing, a common feature of both literary patterns and a rhythm of nature, will serve as the much-needed metaphor to bridge Latin American oral cultures, which have found permanence and expression in written texts, with literate cultures, including even the most urban, digital, and technologically advanced from Mexico, Chile or Spain. ­
Seeing Ecophobia on a Vegan Plate
Authors: Estok Simon
Published: October 2020

There has been a sudden growth in the vegan industry, with meatless burgers garnering a profoundly inviting reception and even people such as Arnold Schwarzenegger and Jackie Chan supportively entering the conversation. In some ways, companies such as Beyond MeatTM and Impossible FoodsTM and films such as The Game Changers are succeeding in doing what many political vegetarians and vegans, academics, and activists have long failed to do: to have a real effect on the animal agriculture business. Perhaps this is something to celebrate, especially since (despite the arguments, protests, and even veg-friendly businesses having steadily increased) the numbers of animals involved in the industry have consistently swollen. To rest much hope in the current vegan trends would be to fall victim to a deceptively sexist and ecophobic guiding narrative. While taking big steps toward shutting down the animal agriculture business, the great strides of the vegan industry follow a well-worn path. Putting veggie patties in the meat aisle and shunning words such as “vegetarian” and “vegan” engages in a disavowal of vegetal realities, and the fact that the meat aisle itself is so heavily gendered effectively re-genders the food itself. It may all seem harmless enough—even productive—until understood within the larger context of patriarchal “attempts,” to cite Laura Wright, “to reconceptualize veganism as an alternative untramasculine choice.” The Game Changers drips with such attempts, and, like the “meatless” products now enjoying such popularity, reeks of male self-delusionalism about having discovered a healthful, new diet. There is a lot more than veggies being served up with what we might call the new veganism, and there is not much chance of really effecting change unless we look at what’s really on the plate.
The Dog Walkers
Authors: Darwell John
Published: October 2020

Images from series 'The Dog Walkers'.
Petrocultures
Authors: Grewe-Volpp Christa
Published: October 2020

Review essay.
From Ecocriticism to Environmental Humanities: A Brief Overview of Publications in Spain
Authors: Lindo Mañas Beatriz
Published: October 2020

This review essay focuses on an overview of relevant publications regarding ecocriticism, and its corollary, the environmental humanities, with a specific focus on Spain, through three main publications: Ecocríticas. Literatura y medio ambiente (2010); Visiones ecocríticas del mar en la literatura (2016); and Humanidades ambientales: pensamiento, arte y relatos para el siglo de la gran prueba (2018). This essay also mentions other relevant volumes and monographic issues published in Spain in the last ten years. The purpose of this essay is to give the reader a general view of the work done within the fields of ecocriticism and the environmental humanities in Spain in the last decade.
Into the Fray: A Call for Policy-engaged and Actionable Environmental Humanities
Authors: Hartman Steven
Published: October 2020

As European countries strive to meet their targets in support of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals adopted by UN member states in 2015, the importance of integrating all knowledge communities in coordinated responses to sustainability challenges becomes an increasing priority. The creativity and depth of knowledge within philosophical, cultural, aesthetic and historical disciplines of the humanities has been underutilized in coordinated international assessment initiatives that aim to inform policy and facilitate solutions of sustainability governance. The Environmental Humanities (EH) is a field of growing significance internationally. While it can no longer be called an emerging field, EH still holds only the promise of bringing knowledge of social and cultural systems to coordinated international efforts to address the human dimensions of global environmental change. The significant knowledge and expertise on the human dimensions of environmental change available within the EH field should be regarded as an indispensable resource to policymakers and to those on the ground who work to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. This essay makes a case for actionable, policy-engaged environmental humanities, an ambition that should certainly extend to the domain of the humanities more generally.
Dry Cycle
Authors: Loren Lucía
Published: October 2020

CICLO SECO, 2018. Montejo de la Sierra, Madrid. Wool and cracks.
Credits 11.2
Authors: Sanz_Alonso Irene
Published: October 2020

Credits 11.2