bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of probiotic fodder additive in determining productivity and assessing the health of agricultural bird
Authors:   Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Chief Scientific Secretary, All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad, Russian Federation, Lenkova T. N. , Nikonov I. N. ,   Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of Pet Hygiene and Poultry A. K. Danilova, Moscow state Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K.I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russian Federation, Selina M. V. ,   Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Physics, Head of Project Management Sector of the Research and Development Department, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

This article presents the results of a study on testing a promising feed supplement based on a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum, with a high antagonistic activity for campylobacter. Probiotics now refers to live microbial feed additives that improve the health and productivity of farm animals. Probiotics can improve the growth rate of broiler chickens and control or prevent intestinal diseases, including salmonellosis, necrotic enteritis, and coccidiosis Scientific and industrial experience was carried out on broilers of the Cobb XNUMX cross country from daily to XNUMX days of age. As a result of research conducted by the scientific group, it was shown that feeding broiler chickens with a probiotic feed additive based on Lactobacillus plantarum helps to increase their productivity during the entire growing cycle and have a beneficial effect on the health status of farm birds.
Effect of low-intensity laser radiation of various ranges on the morphology of red blood cells
Authors:   Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Physiology and Anatomy of the Institute of Biology and Biomedicine of the Lobachevsky National Research Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Deryugina A. V. , Ivashchenko M. N. ,   Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Animals of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy of Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Belov A. A. ,   Post-graduate student of the Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Animals of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy of Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Petrov V. A. ,   Post-graduate student of the Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Animals of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy of Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

It is shown that under the influence of technological stress on the body of cattle, there is a violation of the ratio of normal forms of red blood cells – discocytes and their pathological forms – stomatocytes, echinocytes, the most common are echinocytes. To correct impaired body functions, the effect of continuous and fractional exposure to low-intensity laser radiation with wavelengths of 830 nm and 650 nm was studied. The obtained data indicate that the NILI with a wavelength of 650 nm and 830 nm does not have a negative effect on the morphology of bovine red blood cells. The stimulating and normalizing effect of low-intensity laser radiation on red blood cells was most pronounced in a continuous mode of exposure with a wavelength of 830 nm.
The Functionality of Sotho as a Previously Marginalised Language in a Multilingual Educational Setting
Authors: Marupi Omphile , Tshotsho Baba Primrose , Nhongo Raphael
Published: March 2021

The language policy issues in Zimbabwe are embedded in three documents which are the Education Act of 1987, the Nziramasanga Commission, and the current constitution which was passed into law in 2013. The paper examines the negatives and positives of these policies in education and how they facilitate the inclusion and exclusion of Sotho. The vague policies which are evasive on how indigenous languages should be treated when it comes to their use as media of instruction are problematised. Data used in this paper was supplemented with information that came from interviews with eight teachers from schools in Gwanda. It is argued in this paper that the policies and pieces of legislation are not devoted to the equal advancement of indigenous languages. It is concluded that the functionality of Sotho in the education sector in Zimbabwe is mainly hindered by the government policies that do not recognise the co-existence of languages but rather create a linguistic war zone where they have to fight to dislodge one another.  The paper advocates for the recognition of harmonious co-existence of languages in education where all the languages found in a geographical space are not restricted but are made to function equally and simultaneously.

 

Received: 12 September 2020 / Accepted: 17 December 2020 / Published: 5 March 2021
Internet Use among Jordanian Students with and without Learning Difficulties at Primary Schools
Authors: Rahahleh Zahraa J. , Sakarneh Mohammad A. , Hyassat Mizyed A. , Al-Zyoud Nawaf S.
Published: March 2021

The main aim of this study is to explore the degree of Internet use among Jordanian students with and without learning difficulties at primary schools. Descriptive-analytical approach was utilized to achieve the study aims. The study sample consisted of (144) students from different primary schools in Jordan. A validated scale was developed to collect the data. SPSS software was employed to analyze the collected data; means, standard deviations, and t-test were calculated. Findings revealed that students with learning difficulties had good computer skills which were similar to students without learning difficulties. It also showed that there were no statistical significant differences in the skills of using the Internet, the degree of its use, the areas of use, and the problems that hindered their use attributed to the classification variable (with and without learning disabilities). This indicates that students with learning difficulties have skills and abilities to use the Internet in all areas, just as students without learning difficulties. The study, therefore, recommends making technological useful facilities available to the students with learning difficulties, to their teachers, and their parents.

 

Received: 26 November 2020 / Accepted: 15 February 2021 / Published: 5 March 2021
Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran PQRST Terhadap Tingkat Pemahaman Konsep Matematika Siswa
Authors: Pradestya Rakha , Setiani Ana
Published: March 2021

Ide penelitian ini muncul dari fenomena di sekolah tentang tingkat kemampuan matematika siswa yang relatif rendah. Khususnya di kelas IX. Hal ini terjadi karena beberapa faktor. Salah satunya adalah kesulitan siswa dalam memahami masalah dalam sebuah soal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu pengaruh dari metode pembelajaran Preview, Question, Rewrite, Solve, Test. Penelitian ini juga mencari tahu apakah metode pembelajaran PQRST dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman matematika siswa kelas IX di SMPN 3 Kota Sukabumi pada materi Pola, Barisan, dan Deret. Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX di SMPN 3 Kota Sukabumi. Di mana diambil dua kelas, yaitu kelas IX F dan IX G yang masing-masing kelasnya berjumlah 30 siswa. Pengumpulan data diambil menggunakan instrumen berupa lembar kerja siswa yang terdiri dari 5 soal pilihan ganda dan 5 soal uraian. Instrumen terlebih dahulu diuji cobakan kepada 8 siswa kelas IX di SMPN 3 Kota Sukabumi yang dipilih secara acak serta diuji validitas dan kelayakan soalnya. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah metode kuantitatif. Sampel tidak berasal dari populasi yang berdistribusi normal dan memiliki varians yang berbeda. Maka dari itu, uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Uji U Mann-Whitney guna mencari tahu pencapaian kelas mana yang lebih baik, apakah kelas IX F yang tidak diberi perlakuan metode Preview, Question, Rewrite, Solve, Test.  atau kelas IX G yang diberi perlakuan metode Preview, Question, Rewrite, Solve, Test.. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pencapaian kelas IX G tidak lebih baik dari kelas IX F. Ini menunjukkan bahwa metode pembelajaran Preview, Question, Rewrite, Solve, Test  tidak memberi peningkatan terhadap hasil belajar siswa, sehingga pemahaman konsep matematika siswa kelas IX di SMPN 3 Kota Sukabumi pada materi Pola, Barisan, dan Deret tidak meningkat.
EKSPERIMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIS SISWA SMA DITINJAU DARI MOTIVASI BELAJAR
Authors: Tresnawati Resi
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah  terdapat perbedaan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa yang mendapat perlakuan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dan model pembelajaran langsung ditinjau dari motivasi belajar, , serta untuk mengetahui  apakah pehaman konsep matematis siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing lebih baik dari model pembelajaran langsung di tinjau dari motivasi belajar siswa kelas X IPA 2 dan X IPA1 SMA Islam Miftahusa’adah yang berjumlah 78 siswa. Pembelajaran inkuiri yang dilakukan terdiri dari beberapa penyajian masalah, pengumpulan data verifikasi, pengumpulan data eksperimen organisasi data dan formulasi kesimpulan, dan analisis inkuri. Pembelajaran inkuiri melatih siswa untuk menemukan sendiri konsep matematika dan melibatkan pertipasi siswa secara optimal. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, dokumentasi dan tes. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian semu (quasi eksperimen research), hal tersebut dikarenakan peneliti tidak mungkin mengkontrol semua variabel yang relevan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah post-tes (online control group desaign). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa motivaqsi tidak berpengaruh kepada pemahaman konsep siswa dan pemahaman konsep siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuirui terbimbing lebih baik dari model pembelajaran langsung.
New Testament Anthropology: Conscience as an Anthropological Phenomenon in the Context of the Epistles of St. Paul the Apostle
Authors:   Saints Cyril and Methodius Institute for Postgraduate Studies, Aleksiy (Razdorov) Priest
Published: March 2021

This article examines the New Testament teaching about man in the authentic epistles of Paul the Apostle. In particular, it studies the anthropological phenomenon of conscience as one of the important ethical terms in Christian worldview. In spite of the fact that this topic has been thoroughly investigated by Western biblical science, Russian theological environment has not been paying it sufficient attention. Therefore, from the position of theological and philological research within the framework of the historical and cultural approach, the article dwells on conscience expressed by Paul the Apostle through the term συνείδησις in the epistles to the Corinthians and the Romans, whose authorship as St. Paul’s is unquestioned by modern biblical studies. The research shows that Paul the Apostle used the term συνείδησις in a sense related to human awareness, without any explicit emphasis on morality as in the works by Stoic philosophers. For St. Paul, the term συνείδησις in a general sense means an autonomous anthropological instance of a person’s judgеment/assessment of his/her own behaviour in relation to the norms, laws and rules adopted by him/her. However, depending on the historical circumstances in the life of Christian communities, Paul the Apostle gave this term his own semantic connotations. According to this research, in the text of the Pauline epistles συνείδησις appears not only as a general anthropological phenomenon, but also as an independent (autonomous) personified witness to the truth, as an instance that checks the correspondence between the declared value norms in the mind and the person’s own behaviour. This instance reflects the mental activity of a conscious human as a person in any cultural and historical epoch regardless of his/her religious preferences.
Peripartum Safety: Time to Act
Authors: Alby Johnson  , Sasi Vaithilingan
Published: March 2021

Peripartum safety refers to the safe care of women throughout the antenatal, intranatal, and postnatal periods.Approximately 15% of all childbearing women are likely to develop life-threatening complications. Indiaand Nigeria accounted for one-third of global maternal deaths at the country level. Recognizing the need,the United States has initiated a Maternal safety Bundle. On a par with, The Government of India introducedvarious programs to reduce maternal deaths. Though the country made most of its progress, MMR stateperformances are varied in their extremes and failed to achieve the targeted goal. High maternal mortalityis associated with medical, socio-economic, and health care system problems are evidenced. The shortfallof skilled health care providers in India hampers progress towards achieving universal health coverage. Thecurrent situation calls for more sensitization and sustainable efforts for integration and institutionalizationof health system monitoring to achieve the target of Sustainable Developmental Goals. Studies need togerminate to tackle the health care insufficiencies of pregnant women and enhance the quality of care.
Effect of Bimanual Activities on Hand and Proprioception in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Chinmoyee Nanda Panigrahy  , Rituja Vilas Dandekar
Published: March 2021

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined as neurological and developmental disorder withcharacteristic features that include delayed gross motor milestones. It can be recognized at the initial stageduring infancy or childhood with major affection see in communication and behavioral response of the child.Every 1 child amongst 100 children suffers from autism in India. The aim of our study was to see the effectsof bimanual exercises on the hand function and kinesthetic awareness in the child with autism spectrumdisorder and the objective of the study was to measure kinesthetic awareness, to measure pegboard reactiontime and to measure grip strength.Method: 20 children were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and were divided into2 groups, interventional group (group A) and control group (group B), each group consisted of 10 childreneach. Group A has 6 boys and 4 girls and group B has 7 boys and 3 girls. A written consent was taken fromthe parent (guide) of autistic child and study was explained to them and data was collected and analyzedusing SPSS within the confidence interval of 95%. Result: - On the basis of data analysis table no. 1 showsthe prevalence of both the genders. And table no. 8 shows the comparison between interventional group andcontrol group within the confidence interval of 95% (with significant p value- 0.02)Conclusion: Bimanual exercises has been shown to be effective in improving hand function and kinestheticawareness in children suffering from Autism spectrum disorder.
Accuracy of Linear Measurements of Ultra-Low Dose Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Digital Panoramic Radiography Performed on Mandibular Anaesthetic Landmarks Versus Real Mandibular Measurements: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study
Authors: Hala Wafik El Fayoumy  , Hoda Abd El Kader Saleh  , Mohamed Khalifa Zayet  , Iman Dakhli
Published: March 2021

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of linear measurements performed on mandibularanaesthetic landmarks obtained by ultra-low-dose cone beam computed tomography and digital panoramicradiography in comparison with real measurement on dry mandible.Method: A total number of nine dry human mandibles were selected and mandibular anaesthetic landmarkswere marked using gutta-percha. The dry mandibles were submitted for digital panoramic radiography andcone beam computed tomography with mini-dose parameters using the SOREDEX CRANEX™ 3Dx unit,linear measurements were performed on SCANORA Lite image viewer and on Demand 3D viewer. The reallinear measurements were measured using digital caliper.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in all measurements performed on digital panoramicradiographs,reformatted panoramic images underestimate real linear vertical measurements withoutsignificant difference, the absolute error for the cross-sectional views of CBCT ranged from 0.0001 to1.44mm for mandibular foramen linear measurements, using mini-dose parameters did not affect imagequality nor measurements accuracy.Conclusions: Linear measurements driven from CBCT cross-sectional images using On Demand softwareare accurate and have the lowest error value; therefore it is considered one of the most important imagingmodality for preoperative surgical site assessment.
Study on Changes of the Concentration of Some Indicators of the Serum Iron Test in Patients with Nephrotic Syndromein Vietnam
Authors: Le Van An  , Le Chuyen  , Duong Thi Ngoc Lan  , Pham Thi Thuy Vu  , Nguyen Thi Thu Thao  , Vo Hoang Lam
Published: March 2021

Background: In nephrotic syndrome (NS), the excessive and prolonged loss of protein in the urine reducesalbumin blood and leads to many other changes such as dyslipidemia, blood clotting disorders, and disordersof hematopoietic components. In NS, the more persistent and persistent decrease in albumin in the blood, themore apparent these disorders, including disorders of iron, transferrin and ferritin in serum. The objectivesof the study were to: Determine serum iron, transferrin and ferritin concentrations and Investigate therelationship between iron, transferrin and ferritin concentrations and serum albumin in NS patients.Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive research method. Convenient and controlled sample selectionof 68 NS patients without kidney failure, aged 16 years and over, hospitalized for treatment at InternalDepartment of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Vietnam.Results: The average serum iron concentration is 8.9 µmol/L, of which at low level, the rate is 30.9%; In100% of cases, the serum transferrin concentration is lower than normal, the average concentration is 0.68mmol/L; the average elevation of ferritin in serum was 610.3 pmol/L, of which at high level accounted for67.6% (46 patients). Serum albumin concentrations are positively correlated with iron and transferrin, butnegatively with serum ferritin.Conclusion: In NS, the serum ferritin concentration is elevated and inversely correlated with the serum iron,transferrin, and albumin concentration.
Instruments for Screening Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Drivers of Commercial Vehicles: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Lelitasari  , L. Meily Kurniawidjaja  , Robiana Modjo
Published: March 2021

Background: Undiagnosed Obstructive sleep apnea in commercial vehicle drivers has the potential to causetraffic accidents. Polysomnography is the gold standard for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea, but it isexpensive, impractical, and not available in primary health services in the workplace.Objective: This systematic literature review aimed to identify and evaluate the Obstructive Sleep Apneascreening instruments that have been used on commercial vehicle drivers in the past 10 years.Method: A review was conducted to analyze the latest research related to the use of instruments for screeningObstructive Sleep Apnea in commercial vehicle drivers. Publications from December 2009 through December2019 were identified using EBSCO, Science Direct, ProQuest, SpringerLink, and SAGE Publications. Theresearch included was published in English and concerns the use of Obstructive Sleep Apnea screeningtools among commercial vehicle drivers (i.e., truck, taxi, commercial vehicle, and public transportationdrivers). The screening employed various questionnaires, the measurement of biological parameters (bodymass index [BMI], neck circumference, blood pressure, Mallampati score), and polysomnography. Eacharticle was analyzed according to these criteria, and its relevance was assessed.Result: The initial screening inclusion criteria produced 10 relevant studies. All the studies used instrumentsto screen Obstructive Sleep Apnea in commercial vehicle drivers, and they all indicate that using obstructivesleep apnea screening instruments is useful for identifying Obstructive Sleep Apnea cases in commercialvehicle drivers.Conclusion: The Obstructive Sleep Apnea screening instruments provided information through the use ofa questionnaire and the examination of biological parameters. The Berlin and STOP-Bang questionnaireshave good sensitivity and specificity, making them suitable tools for Obstructive Sleep Apnea screening incommercial vehicle drivers.
The Prevalence of Soft Tissue Calcifications in the Head and Neck Region Using CBCT among Egyptian Population
Authors: Maha Elhadidy  , Farid Medhat2  , Nashwa Salah  , Sherif Ali
Published: March 2021

Background: calcifications may be physiological or pathological. Understanding about soft tissuecalcifications help to reach appropriate diagnosis and take the right decision whether treatment, referral,further investigations or do nothing.Aim: To detect the prevalence of soft tissue calcifications using (CBCT) scans in the Egyptian population.Method: Retrospective Data Analysis was performed on (417) CBCT patients’ scans collected from thedatabase available at the Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology department,Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University.Data collection of patient sex and age was made. Data was assessed for presence or absence of calcification,type of calcification, sidedness and single or multiple occurring.Results: There were (94) scans detected with calcifications within the whole sample size (417 scans).The prevalence was (22.54%). There were (141) calcifications detected in the (94) scans. The soft tissuecalcifications detected were calcified stylohyoid ligament, tonsilloliths, sialoliths, laryngeal cartilagecalcification, carotid artery calcification and only one case of ethmoidal sinolith. There were 3 cases withoutcertain final diagnosis.Conclusions: The prevalence of calcifications seen on CBCT images is not uncommon, dental practitionersshould be aware of their presence. Their detection during routine dental examination should be made toensure the broad evaluation of the patients.
Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer: A Literature Review
Authors: Marwa Mahfood Almisawi  , Osama B. Albajalan
Published: March 2021

Ovarian cancer is the third type of gynecologic cancer in terms of prevalence after cervical and uterinecancer. The disease is known as the silent killer as it is slowly spread without a diagnosis, which leads tothe worst prognosis and high mortality rate. Libya shows low disease incidence while the high mortalityrate is seen in developed countries due to a lack of proper diagnostic and treatment options. This researchaims to understand the various risk factors of ovarian cancer described in literature. Based on the literaturereview related to various factors which are the demographic, reproductive history, hormonal factors, geneticfactors, lifestyle such as diet and BMI. Various controversial in literature exist on the effect of these factorsand their association with risk factors.
Functional Outcome of Hemiarthroplasty in Femoral Neck Fracture After Two Years of Surgery
Authors: Priti Ranjan Sinha
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Fractures of the neck of the femur have always presented great challenges to orthopaedicsurgeons and remain in many ways today the unsolved fractures as far as treatment and results are concerned.Method: To evaluate the functional results at two years or more of Hemiarthroplasty of Hip done at TataMain Hospital, Jamshedpur between January 2000–Dec 2000. To evaluate the variables which affect thefinal functional outcome.Results: In this study of functional outcome of hemiarthroplasty 2 years after surgery, total no. of cases doneduring year 2000 (Jan 2000–Dec 2000) was 57(n). Out of these 57 cases 19 (33.33%) were male and 38(66.66%) female. Females had double the no. of hemiarthroplasties than males. The mean age at operationwas 67.03 years.Conclusions: The functional outcomes may be improved further by a multidisciplinary approach to care,provided by team of health care personnel working closely together, may be an effective way to improve theshort and long term outcomes.
Clinical assessment of Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) of Mandibular Body Fractures Using ComputerAssisted Polyetherether Ketone (PEEK) Custom Made Plates Versus Conventional Titanium Plates: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: RofaidaA. Abaas  , KhaledA. Salah  , RagiaMounir
Published: March 2021

Background and objective: This study aimed at clinical assessment of ORIF of mandibular body fracturesusing computer-assisted PEEK custom made plates versus conventional titanium plates.Materials and Method: Sixteen patients were divided into 2 equal groups. Patients in both groups underwentORIF of mandibular body fractures. In the study group, the fractures were stabilized using computerassisted PEEK custom made plates. In the control group, the mandibular body fractures were stabilizedusing 2.3 & 2.0 titanium plating system. Each patient was assessed in terms of postoperative occlusion,wound dehiscence and mental nerve paresthesia. Moreover, operative time was evaluated in both groups.Results: The postoperative recovery and healing phase were uneventful in all patients. No postoperativecomplications were observed except in one case in the study group (PEEK) where wound dehiscence &mental nerve paresthesia were experienced. Postoperative occlusion was satisfactory in both groups with aninsignificant difference (p>0.05) regarding the assessment criteria. However, the custom made PEEK platesshowed the advantage of decreasing operative time and accuracy of reduction.Conclusion: Patient specific PEEK plate showed satisfactory clinical outcomes in ORIF of mandibularbody fractures. Additional advantages include saving time & effort during the surgery.
Assessment of Stress and its Determinants among Indian Medical Undergraduate Students of North India
Authors: Shiv Kumar Yadav  , Dheeraj Gupta  , A.R. Piyush  , Bhola Nath
Published: March 2021

Background: Medical Education curriculum is considered to be one of the toughest across the world.The long duration of course along with frequent assessments done make it stressful journey for medicalstudents. Assessment of stress and its determinants among medical students is of utmost importance so thatcorrectable actions can be taken.Objective: Assessment of stress and its underlying causes among Indian Medical Undergraduate Students.Material and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study carried among 380 MBBS (Undergraduate)students of Government Medical College of North India to explore various stress determinants (Stressors)which were categorized into 6 domains viz. Academic Related Stressors (ARS), Intrapersonal andInterpersonal Related Stressors (IRS),Teaching and Learning-Related Stressors (TLRS), Social RelatedStressors (SRS), Drive and Desire Related Stressors (DRS) and Group Activities Related Stressors (GARS).Data collection was carried out for a period of 3 month and self-administrated validated MSSQ questionnairewas used as a Data tool. Data entered and analyzed with SPSS software.Result: 31% medical students suffers from Severe and 56% medical students suffers from moderateAcademic Stress. 40% medical students have documented that Teaching and Learning Method as a sourceof Moderate stress. Academic related stress and Social related Stress has significant association among bothgender when compared with 1st, 3rd and 5th Semester curriculum. Father’s Education status of a FemaleStudent and their Residence has significant association with Academic related stress. Mother occupation and1st, 3rd and 5th Semester Curriculum has significant association with Teaching Related stress.Conclusion: Stress exists in various domains and with variable intensity during whole MBBS course.
espejo como metáfora de la alteridad y de la intersubjetividad en la obra de Carmen Martín Gaite
Authors: Venzon Ruben
Published: March 2021

El motivo del espejo aparece con mucha frecuencia a lo largo de la obra, tanto narrativa como ensayística, de Carmen Martín Gaite, donde adquiere relevantes implicaciones metafóricas y simbólicas. Con el objetivo de entender el alcance de este leitmotiv, en el presente artículo se analiza, primero, a partir de la teoría psicoanalítica de Lacan sobre el “estadio del espejo”, cómo la autora retrata la problemática relación del individuo con su propia imagen especular para demostrar la insuficiencia de la subjetividad en sentido cartesiano. Posteriormente, mediante la referencia a las reflexiones de la escritora sobre la búsqueda del interlocutor y la comunicación interpersonal, se estudia, acudiendo al concepto lacaniano de “Gran Otro”, el proceso de metaforización del espejo y su significación como símbolo del semejante. De este modo se explica, por último, la importancia que la autora le otorga al papel de la alteridad y de la intersubjetividad en el desarrollo identitario del individuo así como en la realización personal del mismo.
Spatial Parametrization as a Basis of Conceptual Metaphor In the Language of W. Shakespeare
Authors: Пескова Н. А.
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматривается когнитивная основа формирования пространственной метафоры
в языке У. Шекспира. Исходя из накопленного опыта в изучении категоризации, концептуализации и вербализации пространства описаны возможные способы интерпретации пространственных (ориентационных) метафор, передаваемых предложными конструкциями.
Пространственная параметризация человеком окружающего мира, его первичный опыт взаимодействия с окружающим миром рассматриваются как когнитивная основа для формирования универсальных когнитивных моделей, лежащих в основе пространственных метафор. Модели, репрезентирующие физическое пространство, легко переходят в ментальные пространства, передавая разнообразные абстрактные отношения, что и происходит, в частности, при создании пространственной метафоры.
Многочисленные примеры доказывают, что явление метафорического переосмысления пространственных предлогов отнюдь не редко у Шекспира, а, напротив, является отражением его индивидуального мировосприятия, которое в конечном итоге отражается и в неповторимости стиля.
Образность и экспрессивность, порождаемые пространственной метафорой, как правило, создают проблемы при переводе, поскольку иной язык накладывает определенные ограничения на буквальное воссоздание авторского образа. В случае с пространственными метафорами замена когнитивной модели (базового образа) не столь существенна по сравнению с полной утратой метафоричности, что значительно снижает экспрессивность в целом.

The article discusses the cognitive base of spatial metaphors in the language of W. Shakespeare. Relying on the accumulated experience in the study of categorization, conceptualization and verbalization of space, the author suggests ways of interpreting spatial (orientational) metaphors conveyed by prepositional constructions.
Man’s spatial parametrization of the surrounding world, his primary experience in interacting with the environment is regarded as a cognitive base of universal cognitive models which underlie spatial metaphors. Models representing physical space easily pass into mental spaces, conveying various abstract relations, which happens when a spatial metaphor appears.
Numerous examples prove that metaphorical use of spatial prepositions is by no means rare in Shakespearean texts. On the contrary, is arises from his individual perception of the world, which ultimately results in the uniqueness of style.
Figurativeness and expressiveness generated by spatial metaphor is a challenge in translation, since another language imposes certain restrictions on literal ‘verbal imitation’ of the author's image. As for spatial metaphors, а change of their cognitive model (base image) is a more acceptable loss as compared to the loss of figurativeness, which crucially reduces expressiveness.
Loving Husbands, Caring Fathers, Glorious Ancestors : Male Family Roles in Early Modern Transylvania
Authors: Orgona Angelika
Published: March 2021

The study examines how a Transylvanian nobleman, Gáspár Kornis of Göncruszka (1641–1683), created a narrative concerning four generations of his family. Though in his memoir, a patrilineal lineage scheme dominates, a close reading of scattered family documents also provides insights into the practices of horizontal bonding among relatives. The letters and last wills reflect the life cycle changes and represent emotional relationships among family members. By considering the act of writing as an emotional practice, the essay tests the claims of the memoir with the help of other archival and extratextual sources. What were the narrated roles of heroized protagonists, and what were the everyday duties of noble heads of family in the early modern period? The study depicts the transformations of the family network during crisis situations in the Transylvanian Principality.
Leveraging on the Urban Economy to Promote the Growth of Women-Owned Small Businesses in Bangladesh
Authors: Hafiz Nusrat , Latiff Ahmad Shaharudin Abdul , Wahab Sazali Abd
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The contribution of small businesses to a country’s economic growth is vital. It makes sense to accentuate the small businesses by emphasizing the neglected segments. The present study aims to explore the women-owned small businesses (WOSB) and their various problems. The study also examines if the city-based features of the urban economy can be favorable to promote the growth of WOSB.

Methods: The concept paper conducts secondary research by selecting sample literature on WOSB of Bangladesh from the manufacturing, and trading sectors.  The selection and classification of extant literature were conducted by emphasizing problems faced by WOSB, and the city-based amenities of developing countries. The extracted information is analyzed by categorizing and interpreting relevant issues to create a base-model of venture-growth.

Results: Based on the literature review, a growth-framework is formulated that reflects the issues faced by WOSB categorized as financial illiteracy, inadequate human capital, insufficient social capital, and business environmental hiccups. Also, the substandard growth of WOSB is envisaged in the model if the problems are not addressed timely. The study also discovers that the urban economy could be leveraged to make these issues less coercing for the women owners.

Implications: The paper creates a nexus with the WOSB and the privileges of urban platforms to ensure better growth of the firms.

Originality:  As far as authors could determine, the aimed research-domain was mostly covered from the perspectives of developed countries, rarely covered in the context of developing countries, and almost absent in Bangladesh. This paper attempts to fulfill that gap.
Drivers and Barriers of Using Intrenet of Things for Successful Lean Implementation in Construction Projects in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sandagomika N.M.G.H. , Sandanayake Y.G. , Ekanayake B.J.
Published: March 2021

With the rising impact of technological advancements within all sectors, there is an increase in interest among construction industry practitioners to integrate novel technologies collaborated with concepts. Lean is one such concept, which has received growing attention of construction companies. However, past researchers have identified many barriers for successful lean implementation in global construction context, where, technological approaches seem to be a success factor. Many experts have identified Internet of Things (IoT) as an enabler for the lean implementation in construction, which is undoubtedly lacking in the Sri Lankan context. Hence, this paper aims to investigate the drivers and barriers for using IoT for successful lean implementation in Sri Lankan construction industry. Seven semi structured interviews with experts in IoT and lean construction were conducted under the qualitative approach for data collection to achieve the research aim. Findings highlighted increased product and process quality; reduced unnecessary delays in construction process; reduced unnecessary costs; enhanced inventory management system; and increased site safety as key drivers, whereas, expensive devises and high cost of implementation; resistance to change; lack of internet coverage, IT facilities and compatibility issues; difficulties to adapt due to lack of knowledge and skills; security and privacy issues; and lack of innovative culture were identified as key barriers of using IoT for successful lean implementation in Sri Lankan construction industry. Findings revealed the several similarities in drivers and barriers of using IoT for lean construction implementation both in global and Sri Lankan context.
A Machine Learning Approach towards Determining the Openness of Urban Plaza
Authors: Alam Md Shariful , Chowdhury Ali Imam
Published: March 2021

The design of urban plaza is guided by the principle of D/H ratio where D denotes distance and H denotes building façade height which provides a quantitative measure of the enclosure. Plaza has been considered as an outdoor room and the buildings are the walls. But these urban walls are not continuous. Connecting roads, voids between buildings, the variation of building heights, and the omission of building on any side of the plaza affect openness. So, maintaining the same D/H ratio the sense of enclosure can be varied. This paper aims at determining the inter-relation of openness with distance and height for better understanding the idea of enclosure of urban plaza using machine learning algorithms. Machine learning can be used to determine the non-linear relationship between multiple variables. The variables D and H are set by the author where the perforation of the surrounding elevation varied, then respondents were asked to rate the degree of openness of the plazas based on their virtual journey using a head-mounted Virtual Reality (VR) display. Utilizing their responses an inter-relation among the parameters is determined by training up an artificial Neural Network (ANN) to predict the openness of any plaza. This can be used as a process of analyzing user experience of urban plazas.
Content Analysis of Facebook Food Community Meaning in a Time of Crisis
Authors: Mansor Nur Aliah , Awang Khairil Wahidin
Published: March 2021

Social media offer innovative opportunities for people to feel and stay socially connected in difficult times. This study aims to understand how people use their cooking mishaps during the movement control order (MCO) period due to the COVID-19 pandemic to seek emotional support and a sense of belonging to an online food community. Content analysis revealed three major sharing motivations: (i) social and relational, (ii) emotion articulation and (iii) information sharing. This research reveals that by opening up about their cooking mishaps and showing their vulnerability, users feel much more connected to the rest of the community members. The humorous way of posting has also deepened the connection between members, who maintain strong protective feelings for members of the community. This study highlights that people share information online during difficult times to cope with distress and stay connected with others.
Analytical and Clinical Evaluation of Two RT-qPCR SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic Tests with Emergency Use Authorization in Ecuador
Authors: Freire-Paspuel Byron , Bruno Alfredo , Orlando Alberto , Garcia-Bereguiain Miguel Angel
Published: March 2021

Dozens of RT-qPCR kits are available in the market for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, some of them with Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or at least by a responsible agency of their country of origin, but many of them lack proper evaluation studies because of COVID-19 pandemic emergency. We evaluated the clinical performance of two commercially available kits in South America, the 2019-nCoV kit (Da An Gene, Guangzhou, China) and GenomeCoV19 kit (ABM, Richmond, Canada), for RT-qPCR SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis using the FDA EUA 2019-nCoV CDC kit (IDT, Coralville, IA) as gold standard. We found striking differences among clinical performance and analytical sensitivity in both kits; whereas the 2019-nCoV kit (Da An Gene) has a limit of detection of 2,000 copies/mL and 100% of sensitivity, the GenomeCoV19 kit (ABM) has a poor sensitivity of 75% and a limit of detection estimated to be over 8.000 copies/mL. The GenomeCoV19 kit (ABM) lacks clinical use authorization in Canada; however, the 2019-nCoV kit (Da An Gene) is authorized by the Chinese CDC. Our results support that only SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis kits with clinical use authorization from their country of origin should be exported to developing countries lacking proper evaluation agencies to avoid a deep impact of the COVID-19 pandemic due to unreliable diagnosis.
Digital hygiene: pandemic lockdowns and the need to suspend fast thinking
Authors: Pittaway David Anthony
Published: March 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic accelerated the global trend towards spending increasing amounts of time online. I explore some of the potential negative consequences of lockdown-induced increases in time spent online, and I argue that the stressful context of the pandemic and lockdowns is exacerbated by being online beyond that which is required for essential purposes. Time spent online may increase stress levels by perpetuating the sympathetic nervous system's fight-or-flight response, draining a person’s energy and diminishing one’s ability to deal with illness. I frame the situation as one in which the pandemic context, combined with a mandatory need to be online more, forces many people into what Daniel Kahneman calls “System 1 thinking”, or “fast thinking”. I argue that digital hygiene requires the suspension of System 1 thinking, and that “philosophical perception” resonates with potential remedies in this regard.
Effect of Demographic Characteristics on Conflicts Management in Jigawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Chamo A.M. , Abdullahi A. , Tafida I. , Karaye A.K. , Mamman B.Y. , Kundiri M.M. , Sani U. , Damisa D.L. , Galadima M. , Ja’afar U.
Published: March 2021

The study analysed the effect of demographic characteristics on conflict management in Jigawa State. Multi-stage sampling procedure consisting of purposive, snow ball sampling method, cluster sampling and random sampling were used in selecting 75 crop farmers, 75 sedentary pastoralists and 79 migratory pastoralists who were interviewed using Structured Questionnaire. The analytical tools used include descriptive statistics, logistics regression. The study revealed that farmers believed court verdict (53.3%) and intervention by low enforcement agents (40.0%) were the strategies of conflict resolution. The sedentary pastoralists generally believed that  intervention by traditional leaders (52.0%) and local community crop farmers/herders intervention (42.7%) were the strategies of conflict resolution, while the migratory pastoralists opined that intervention by traditional leaders (50.6%) and payment of  compensation to victims (49.4%) are the strategies of conflict resolution. The result further revealed that 57.3% of farmers, 65.3% of the sedentary pastoralists and 50.6% of the migratory pastoralists agreed that extension agents play vital roles in conflicts prevention and management. Results of logistic regression for the farmers showed that marital status (0.007), household size (0.100) and nature of the farms (0.010) were statistically significant, while for the sedentary pastoralists’ age (0.010), herd size (0.093) and awareness about grazing reserves (0.097) were significant, and for the migratory pastoralists herd size (0.074), herding experience (0.063) and membership of association (0.100) were statistically significant. However, the demographic characteristics associated with conflict should be properly managed by the appropriate institutions involving in conflict resolutions, similarly  government should train and empowers extension agents in discharging their duties, and this will help in effective conflict prevention and management.

Keywords: Conflict, demographic characteristics, farmers, sedentary and migratory pastoralists
Value chain mapping and actors’ value added share in the catfish value chain in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Igwenagu M. O , Ohajianya D. O. , Nwaiwu I. U. O , Gbolagun A. O , Ehirim N. C
Published: March 2021

The study assessed the value chain mapping and actors value added share in the catfish value chain in Imo State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed in the selection of 217 catfish value chain actors comprising 37 input suppliers, 50 producers, 50 processors, 50 marketers and 30 consumers for the study. Data were analyzed using value chain map, net income, value added share models and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results indicated that primary actors are inputs suppliers, producers, processors, marketers and consumers while research, finance and legislation activities were carried out by support actors. The total value added in the catfish value chain system was N2,944.5/kg with value added share of 0.41%, 15.54%, 24.83% and 59.22% for input suppliers, producers, processors and marketers respectively and they were statistically significantly difference at 5% with marketers having the highest value added share as they occupy a pivotal position to harness the preference, place, price and product information from the final consumers who are at the epicentre of the value chain system. It was therefore recommended that actors at every node should ensure their efforts should be done in a manner that will attract better value by considering the final consumers' preference of catfish products.
On The Features of Changes In Hearing And Cerebral Hemodynamics In Patients With Nasal Obstruction Curvature
Authors:   Head of the Department of Otolaryngology and Dentistry, Tashkent Medical Academy, Doctor of Medical Science, U.S. Khasanov
Published: March 2021

This article presents the characteristics of changes in the hearing and cerebral hemadynamics of patients with deviation of the nasal septum. The deviation of the nasal septum occurs in the cartilaginous and bone regions, both separately and in both at the same time. Deformations can be of a different nature (bend, crest, spike) and localization. They are one and two-sided. Spines and ridges are more often localized at the junction of the quadrangular cartilage and the perpendicular plate, ploughshare, and the crest of the upper jaw (“growth zone”). Less often, the upper sections of the perpendicular plate and the rear section of the ploughshare are deformed. For traumatic deformities, characteristic bends with sharp angles. Often, after injury, the anterior edge of the quadrilateral cartilage is displaced in the form of its subluxation. The deformation of the cartilaginous part of the external nose in the patients under our supervision was due to the deviation of the nasal septum. There were no patients with deformity of the nose, who would have been indicated for surgical intervention on the cartilage of the external nose, in our group.
The Role of Sectors in the Socio-Demographic Process of Nukus
Authors:   Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture Tashkent architecture-construction institute, Shnekeev J. K.
Published: March 2021

It is natural that all modern small towns move to the level of megacities. The city of Nukus is trying to accept this status on the basis of its socio-demographic process, but it is natural that the bigger the city, the more problems. The main challenge for the rise of Nukus to the level of a megalopolis is to determine the evolutionary demographic growth of the population, to study the climatic conditions, to identify and improve the social infrastructure of the population. The climate of the urban nature, the social infrastructure of the population, the areas and shortcomings of each sector were studied. The result of the active movement of sectors to implement the state program in all areas of the city will serve to prepare for the level of the megalopolis.