bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KETERKAITAN PENDAPATAN DENGAN MUTU BOKAR YANG DIHASILKAN PETANI KARET RAKYAT DI PROVINSI JAMBI
Authors: Napitupulu Dompak , Efran Endy
Published: January 2019

ome research showed that the quality of natural rubber produced by smallholder in Jambi Province is getting worst, while the international rubber market on the other hand needs higher quality. This research is aimed to find out whether the natural rubber price received by farmer is linked to the rubber quality marketed in Jambi Province. The research was undertaken in four regency main rubber producing samples. Data was both primary and secondary data. The research found that the natural rubber was marketed in monopolistic manner, in which the natural rubber price was mainly controlled by trader. Majority (81,33 %) smallholder farmer sold their natural rubber to certain local trader. The natural rubber quality was range from low (50.09 %) to medium (76,14 %) grade, with the average grade was 62,27 %. Furthermore, the research was also showed that the price ranges from Rp. 5000/Kg to Rp. 10.800/Kg and the average price was Rp. 7.499,02/Kg. The research was also found that there is a weak correlation between price paid to the farmer and the natural rubber quality sold by the farmer in Jambi Province.
On liver damage at generalized form of coxiellosis. Case report
Authors: Domashenko O. N. , Slyusar E. A. , Gridasov V. A.
Published: January 2019

Disease case has been analyzed at 59 years old female patient, living in rural area. The disease progressed with long-time and high fever accompanied with liver damage including formation of abscesses. Anamnesis showed that raw milk was consumed. During 1.5 months, high steady fever, weakness, sweating and anorexia were observed, with further moderate pain in a right abdominal wing. The whole period of disease was noted with hepatomegaly, worsening leukocytosis, ESR 60 mm/hr, and moderate hyperenzymenia. SCT findings showed an inhomogene hypoechoic formation in a right hepatic lobe in segment’s projection 7, with sharp margins, dimension 3,0 2,2 cm, with 4 nearby liquor formations up to 1.2 cm in diameter. The percutaneous puncture biopsy, liquor formation aspiration and automatic trepanobiopsy of the tissue pattern of the formation under consideration. Cytological study revealed a non-specific inflammation with pus. Atypical cells not found. Histological findings: biopsy material from liver does contain a fibrous tissue with granulomatous inflammation. Complex detoxicating, metabolic and desensibilizing therapy was performed in combination with Ofloxacin, Meropenem (14 days), and Doxycycline (20 days). Diagnosed coxiellosis was confirmed with ELISA in titer 1:400/ОD 0,587 –ОD/0,726. The patient is fully recovered.
Viral placentitis: morphological features and verification possibilities
Authors: Kolobov A. V. , Karev V. E.
Published: January 2019

This article describes the results of own observations of viral placentitis caused by parvovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, respiratory syncytial virus and Herpesviridae family viruses – herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus), describing the morphological features of typical changes and immunohistochemical verification their etiology.
Comparison of efficacy and safety of antiretroviral first-line therapy with phosphazideortdf
Authors: Kravchenko A. V. , Kuimova U. A. , Efremova O. S. , Ivanova E. S. , Popova A. A.
Published: January 2019

The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of ART regimens, which included TDF or PhAZT, in patients with HIV infection who had not received treatment previously. Patients. The study included 85 adult patients with HIV infection. Group 1 consisted of 60 patients who received TDF/FTC + EFV. The second group included 25 patients who received PhAZT + 3TC + EFV. The study was not randomized, comparative, patient groups were similar in terms of the main indicators. The efficacy and safety of the treatment was assessed during the first 24 weeks of therapy. Results. After 24 weeks of therapy, 74,5% of patients in Group 1 and 87,5% of patients in Group 2 had less than 50 copies/ml of HIV RNA (MITT analysis). The increase in the median CD4 + lymphocytes after 24 weeks of treatment was 143 and 135 cells/μl, respectively. Most of the AE (including all AE that caused change or cancellation of the treatment regimen) were associated with the use of EFV. In 22,4% of patients receiving TDF, transient proteinuria was noted, and in 17,2% – deviation of blood creatinine level deviation of mild severity. The safest drugs included PhAZT, FTC and 3TC. The most frequent AE associated with the use of PhAZT, there was a slight decrease in hemoglobin and red blood cell count. Conclusion. The study conducted in the conditions close to real clinical practice showed that both first-line ART regimens, including TDF or Phosphazide in addition to 3TC (FTC) and EFV antiretroviral drugs, were highly effective and safe during the first 24 weeks of treatment. PhAZT is a drug of choice in the schemes of ART of the first line in the presence of contraindications to the prescription of TDF and/or ABC.
Thrombocytopenia and endothelial dysfunction in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Authors: Mukhetdinova G. A. , Fazlyeva R. M. , Valishin D. A. , Khasanova G. M. , Yapparov R. G.
Published: January 2019

Purpose: to estimate the content of platelets and sP-selectin in patients with different severity of Hemorrhagic Feverwith Renal Syndrome. Materials and methods: we have conducted the clinical and laboratory examination of 220 patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome, including mild (52), moderate (112) and severe (56) forms. The quantitative content of sPselectin in blood serum was determined by enzyme immunoassay in 90 patients (30 people from each group). Results: during first days of admission to the hospital thrombocytopenia in patients with mild form of HFRS was moderate. For moderate and severe forms of HFRS during the initial period the average value of the platelet was less than 100u109/l; correlation analysis between platelet countand creatinine level revealed an inverse relationship between the platelet count during the initial period and the level of creatinine during the oliguric period (r=-0,526; p=0,029). The difference in the content of sP-selectin are statistically significant not only with the control group, but also between groups of patients depending on the severity of the disease, a correlation between the content of platelets and sP-selectin was revealed in all groups of patients. Conclusion: the activity of sP-selectin and the degree of thrombocytopenia are closely interrelated and characterize the severity of the disease.
Antiviral therapy of acute respiratory viral infection and influenza in children in a hospital
Authors: Sharipova E. V. , Babachenko I. V. , Levina A. S. , Grigoriev S. G.
Published: January 2019

Objective: to study the efficacy and safety of antiviraltherapy for influenza and acute respiratory viral infection with Kagocel in children in a hospital. Materials and methods: in the observational study included 80 children aged 3 to 11 years, hospitalized with symptoms of influenza and acute respiratory viral infection. The etiological confirmation of the diagnosis was carried out by the PCR method based onthe study of nasal swabs.The drug Kagocel was administered according to the instructions for use during the first 24 hours of hospitalization.The analysis of the virus release after the course of therapy with Kagocel (at 5–6 days from the beginning of treatment) was carried out only in patients with verified influenza and acute respiratory viral infection. Results: the dominant influence of viruses in the development of acute respiratory infections in children aged 3 to 11 years in the period of rising morbidity in St. Petersburg from September 2015 to May 2016. At the same time, 25% of the total number of patients were sick with influenza A and/or B. There was a significant decrease in fever to the third day (p <0,001) and normalization of body temperature from the fourth day after the beginning of therapy with Kagocel in the general group and in patients with confirmed influenza diagnosis. The intoxication syndrome, most pronounced with the flu, was mostly stopped by the fourth day(р<0,001). Catarrhalsyndrome, prevalent in the general group of acute respiratory viral infection, had longer periods of clinical manifestation and against the background of the therapy completely eliminated to the third or seventh day of therapy.Negative PCR results after the course of Kagocel therapy were established in 57,1% of the total group of patients. Among all detected viruses, the most typical is the absence of repeated isolation of influenza B and A viruses, PC virus (86% and 53,8%, 71,4%, respectively), the elimination of rhinoviruses was less frequent (33,3%). Conclusion: according to the results of the study, the effectiveness of therapy with the inclusion of the drug Kagocel in relieving fever by 3–4 days of treatment, as well as intoxication syndrome by 5–6 days in patients with acute respiratory viral infections, including patients with influenza, has been established. Negative results of PCR at the time of completion of therapy occurred mainly in patients with influenza A and B, PC infection. No adverse events were noted.
Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, neopterin and interferon-gamma as indices of inflammation activity in patients with acute brucellosis
Authors: Sannikova I. V. , Mahinja O. V. , Kovalevich N. I. , Sarkisjan N. S. , Titorenko M. V.
Published: January 2019

Brucellosis is characterized by nonspecific clinical manifestations, the possibility of subclinical flow, the development of relapses and chronic course. Currently, there are nolaboratory criteria to assess the activity of inflammation in brucellosis, the effectiveness of the therapy, predict the outcome of the disease and the risks of recurrence. Available in clinical practice, laboratory tests to assess inflammation, in particular, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, leukocyte level, with brucellosis infection are almost not informative. An important role in the development of the cellular immune response against brucella is played by interferon-γ, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and neopterin. The aim of the study was to determine the level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, neopterin and interferon-γ,in the serum of patients with acute form of brucellosis beforeand after antibacterial treatment. When studying the blood of patients with acute brucellosis before and after therapy, the indices of neopterin, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and interferon-γ were significantly higher than normalvalues. The obtained results testify to the persisting active inflammation and the formation of a chronic brucellosis. Determination of the level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, neopterin and interferon-γ in the blood of patients withbrucellosis can be used as markers of inflammation and in monitoring the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy.
Application of silicone implants in mammoplasty (literature survey)
Authors: Khodjamurodova Dj. A. , Saidov M. S. , Khodjamuradov G. М.
Published: January 2019

In the article literature data concerning indications to placement of silicone breast implants in plastic surgery are presented. Peculiarities of preoperative preparation of patients aimed at prevention of postoperative complications are considered. The technique of surgical intervention, advantages and disadvantages of different methods are described. Difference in choice of surgical approach and positioning of implant relative to mammary gland are considered. Recommendations are given on selection of the type of implant, on determination of the volume of supposed silicone breast-implant prostheses, and also on the choice of optimal access for their insertion. The early and long-term complications and measures proposed by the authors for their elimination are studied. According to different studies, the commonest complication of the augmentation mammoplasty is contracture of the fibrous capsule surrounding the implant that requires surgical correction. One of main complications of all kinds of augmentation mammoplasty is secondary ptosis of mammary gland. A common complication of the augmentation mammoplasty is incorrect position of implants such as their asymmetry and location on different levels. In case of tubular breast a double inframammary fold may result unless tubularity of areola is corrected. Authors think that a significant number of unsolved problems concerning augmentation mammoplasty, optimal surgical approach, existence of the immediate and long-term complications are reasons for further study of augmentation mammoplasty. Increased dissatisfaction of patients with long-term results of augmentation mammoplasty, necessity to prevent such complication as fibrous contracture, create an urgent need for search of new methods. Thus, application of silicone implants in augmentation mammoplasty requires further study with the aim of optimization of the final aesthetic and clinical result.
P. K. Anokhin is the founder of theory of functional systems (to 120th birthday anniversary of academician Pyotr Kuzmich Anokhin)
Authors: Lapkin M. M. , Kiryushin B. A. , Kozeevskaya N. A.
Published: January 2019

The article is dedicated to 120th birthday anniversary of a well-known Soviet scientist, the author of theory of functional systems, academician of Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR and Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Pyotr Kuzmich Anokhin (1898-1974). In the article the main milestones of his life, of his scientific and pedagogical activity are considered.
P.K. Anokhin was among the talented pupils of academician I.P. Pavlov. Having gained a substantial physiological knowledge under his guidance, Anokhin very early showed his worth as an independent original researcher developing a new important section of physiology.
P.K. Anokhin is one of leading physiologists of the XX century. He inherited the best traditions of the classic Russian physiology and created his scientific school.
P.K. Anokhin focused his research work on investigation of neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the activity of the nervous system, but the main direction of his theoretical and experimental work was a study of an organism as an integral formation. The theory of functional systems proposed by P.K. Anokhin is widely recognized in the world science, and he is the founder of the systemic approach in physiology and biology.
Results of his research, his many-sided heritage and productive ideas proposed and developed by him during more than 50 years of his activity are used not only in physiology, but also in other fields of knowledge: biology, mathematics, pedagogics, philosophy…Works of P.K. Anokhin gained him recognition and acknowledgement in the international science which is evidenced by numerous references to his works in the modern scientific medical literature.
Agerelated dynamics of elasticity of deep dorsal vein of human penis according to results of direct measurements
Authors: Strelkov Alexey N. , Ulitenko Alexandr I.
Published: January 2019

Background. An important role in the mechanism of the development and support of erection is assigned to the venous system of penis. At the same time, diacrisis and surgical correction of the disordered venous drainage is not successful in all cases. The rate of erection disorders is associated with various factors, but progressively grows with the age.
Aim. To define the agerelated dynamics of flexibility of the major venous vessel of penis – a deep dorsal vein – in a direct experiment.
Materials and methods. Research was conducted on samples of a deep dorsal vein of penis obtained in autopsy of 30 males who have died suddenly from injuries or acute diseases at the age from 18 to 83 years. A deep dorsal vein of penis was isolated by an acute method without surrounding tissues. A fragment of the vein 2.53.5 cm in length was isolated distally the retaining ligament used as a reference point. In the course of experiments samples of veins were exposed to discretely increasing stretching force in the longitudinal direction with fixation of the corresponding absolute increments in the length on a specially designed installation using the original technique.
Results. The mathematical analysis of the results of direct measurements of elastic properties of the studied vein permitted to reveal a considerable – about 20% – reduction in the elasticity of the vein in the studied age range 18 years – 83 years from α0 = 6,2∙108 m2/N to α0 = 5,0∙108 m2/N. With increase in the force of load, the average value of vein elasticity rapidly declined, and asymptotically approached the established value of the order of α = 1,4∙108 m2/N. Here, the agerelated tendency to reduction in the elasticity with different degree of the functional load persists.
Conclusion. The identified regularities of decline in the elasticity reflect changes in the wall of a deep dorsal vein with age that may play a role in the agerelated increase in the rate of erectile dysfunction. The applied method of determination of elasticity can be used for determination of elasticity of vessels of other localizations and also of some other biological tissues in norm and pathology.
Transarterial chemoembolisation in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Shabunin Alexey V. , Tavobilov Michael M. , Paklina Oksana V. , Grekov Dmitriy N. , Setdikova Galia R. , Drozdov Pavel A.
Published: January 2019

Aim. To assess effectiveness of chemoembolization of hepatic artery (CEHA) in treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, and also to determine the optimal interval in combination of CEHA with other treatment methods.
Materials and Methods. The study includes analysis of the results of treatment of 30 patients with resectable metastases of colorectal cancer in the liver. The first group included 15 patients with resection made 1 week after CEHA. The second group consisted of 15 patients in whom resection operation was made 2 weeks after CENA with subsequent assessment of morphological changes in metastases.
Results. Therapeutic pathomorphism was recorded in 25/30 patients. In the first group, therapeutic pathomorphism was observed in 13/15 patients. In 11/13 patients, the 2nd degree of therapeutic pathomorphism was recorded. In 2/13 patients – the 1st degree. In the second group, therapeutic pathomorphism was observed in 12/15 patients. In all patients the 2nd degree of therapeutic pathomorphism was recorded. No significant differences in the degree of therapeutic pathomorphism were recorded on the 7th and 14th day after regional chemotherapy (p=0.436).
Conclusion. Hepatic artery chemoembolization is an effective method of treating patients with metastases of colorectal cancer in the liver. In use of chemoembolization of hepatic artery in combination with other surgical methods, the sevenday time interval is optimal.
Mud therapy in the rehabilitation of patients with cervical dorsopathy
Authors: Filatova Elena V. , Malayev Khajimurat M. , Konovalov Oleg E.
Published: January 2019

Aim. To identify specificity of reaction of a male and female organism to galvanic mud application procedures in cervicalgia.
Materials and Methods. 48 Patients (23 men and 25 women) with the diagnosis of cervicalgia who took a course of rehabilitation treatment in Republican Hospital of Rehabilitation Treatment of Makhachkala, were examined. The patients received medicinal treatment and medical massage. Galvanic mud therapy was conducted with the underlying standard therapy. The effectiveness and safety of the procedure were evaluated using visual analog scale (VAS), and also parameters of the arterial pressure and heart rate before and after the procedure, and also values of Kerdo vegetative index, body mass index, mobility of the cervical part of the spine, psychoemotional condition by WAM test.
Results. Analysis of predomination and characteristics of pain syndrome revealed predomination of the damage to the upper cervical parts (in women – 62.0%, in men – 40.0%), and statistically more common cervicocranialgias in women (22.0% against 8.0% in men). Headaches associated with pain in the neck were reliably more common in women than in men (48.0% and 10.0%, respectively). A significant difference in the rate of complaints of pain irradiation to the upper limbs was recorded (20.0% of women against 10.0% of men). Intensity of pain syndrome determined by VAS test significantly differed in the compared groups before rehabilitation (5.25±1.64 points in men and 5.62±1.98 points in women, р<0.05); after rehabilitation treatment VAS parameters decreased in both groups: in men down to 1.62±0.83 points (р<0.05), in women – to 2.25±1.07 points (р<0.05), here, no significant differences between the groups were found. In women with cervicalgias the distance between the upper and lower cervical vertebrae was on average 14.0±0.1 cm, increment on bending before treatment was 2.43±0.75 cm and after treatment 2.75±0.11 cm which indicates a tendency to normalization of the condition of muscle tissue, but preservation of spastic component.
Conclusion. Mud therapy in complex rehabilitation of patients positively influences recovery of the motor activity of the cervical part of the spine.
Fruits of plants of Amelanchier genus (Amelanchier Medic) as source of biologically active substances and minerals
Authors: Laksaeva Elena A.
Published: January 2019

An interest in plants of Amelanchier genus is stimulated by the necessity of search for plant sources rich in biologically active substances and possessing the ability to influence different physiological processes in a human organism. The article gives information about places of growth of different species of Amelanchier (Amelanchier Medic) and about the fact that its fruits contain high concentration of free sugars, relatively low level of organic acids, sufficient amounts of various vitamins and provitamins and a complex of mineral substances. Nutritive and biological value of Amelanchier fruits in complex may produce a beneficial effect on different biochemical and physiological processes of normal vital activity of a human organism. The data are given about a positive influence of enteral introduction of polysaccharides isolated from Amelanchier fruits, on different physiological processes that enhance adaptational reserves of an organism of experimental animals. In particular, it was shown that watersoluble polysaccharide complex (WSPC) of Amelanchier fruits activates erythropoiesis increasing the amount of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in blood of experimental animals and raises concentration of iron. WSPC improves physical working capacity and increases the body mass of experimental animals. Addition of watersoluble polysaccharide complex of Amelanchier fruits to blood of a healthy donor increases thermal, osmotic and peroxide resistance of erythrocyte membranes thus protecting cells against damage under action of adverse factors in the experiment. Fruits of plants of Amelanchier genus may be recommended to be used as a food additive or a product in dietary and prophylactic therapy.
Peculiarities of electroencephalogram of left-handed individuals in imagination and realiza-tion of feet movements
Authors: Vedyasova Olga A. , Morenova Kseniya A.
Published: January 2019

Background. Relevance of the study arises from a lack of knowledge about peculiarities of programming and realization of movements in individuals with different profiles of motor dominance. This knowledge is important for understanding the neurophysiological mechanisms of motor functions and for creating neurocomputer interfaces.
Aim. The analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns in lefties during imaginary and real motor acts by right and left legs.
Materials and Methods. The left-handed students were examined. They were divided into two groups on the basis of coefficients of motor asymmetry – with low (n=14) and high (n=7) degree of right-hemisphere dominance (LDRD and HDRD). EEG was recorded on neurovisor «NVX 36 digital DC EEG» in standard leads at rest and in successive imagination and fulfilment of movements by the right and left legs. Types of EEG were determined and the amplitude of the sensorimotor alpha-rhythm (mu-rhythm) was evaluated on the basis of analysis of spectral patterns of EEG.
Results. It was shown that the majority of left-handed individuals with LDRD had type I EEG, and the minority had type III, whereas all left-handed individuals with HDRD had type I EEG. In imagination and realization of leg movements in the first group the quantity of individuals with EEG of type III increased, while in the second group the type of EEG did not change. Motor tasks were associated with depression of alpha-rhythm in central and frontal areas, but with different extent of evidence in lefties with LDRD and HDRD. More pronounced desynchronization of the central mu-rhythm was observed in left-handed individuals with HDRD, while the amplitude of the frontal alpha-rhythm, on the contrary, was more decreased in left-handed individuals with LDRD.
Conclusions. The obtained data show dependence of EEG pattern in left-handed people during imagination and realization of motor acts by the leading and non-leading leg on the degree of the right hemisphere dominance that may find clinical application.
Addictive behavior and alcoholism in medical students of senior courses (prevalence, comorbidity and treatment)
Authors: Lukyantseva Inna S. , Ruzhenkov Victor A. , Ponomarenko Dariya O.
Published: January 2019

Background. A high level of academic load and stress create risks of alcohol abuse among medical students because they use it as a method of coping with stress.
The aim of research was to verify the incidence of addictive behavior and alcoholism among medical students and their comorbidity with mental disorders, for development of therapeutic approaches.
Materials and Methods. 455 Medical students were examined using medico-sociological, psychometric methods and the author's «Methods of clinical screening-diagnostics of addictive and dependent behavior».
Results. Alcohol abuse was detected in 13.0% of cases. Addictive behavior was revealed in 11.2% of students: 14.8% among males and 9.9% among females. The 1st clinical stage of alcohol dependence was diagnosed in 1.8% of students: 6.6% among males and 1.2% among females. Individuals with addictive behavior and dependence were characterized by a high level of social frustration, negative thinking and aggressiveness, low level of self-motivation, inability to control emotions, low level of responsibility, intolerance and negative thinking. Predominating mental disorders included stress-related neurotic, somatoform and personality disorders. Individuals with addictive behavior and alcoholism exhibited a high level of asthenia, anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, social phobia and dysmorphophobia which created additional difficulties in social adaptation.
Conclusion. The study revealed a high level of comorbidity of addictive behavior and alcohol dependence with mental disorders. Methods of aversion therapy in combination with development and fixation of optimal methods of coping with stress permit to achieve qualitative remission of alcoholism and to prevent its formation.
Diagnostic significance of volume capnography in examination of patients with bronchial asthma
Authors: Subbotin Sergei V.
Published: January 2019

Aim: to study the diagnostic significance of volume capnography in examination of patients with severe and moderate bronchial asthma (BA).
Materials and Methods. 171 patents were examined, of them 43 patients with severe BA and 45 patients with moderate BA. The control group included 83 relatively healthy volunteers. In all the participants, along with clinical examination, parameters of spirometry and volume capnography were determined using ultrasound computer spirograph SpiroScout (Ganshorn, Germany) equipped with a volume capnography function.
Results. Volume capnography revealed the following changes in patients with BA in comparison with the control group: increase in the slope of phase III (indicates non-uniformity of ventilation and perfusion in the lung periphery due to pathology of the small airways) and increase in emphysema index (indicates hyperinflation of lung). The above indices had statistically significant differences in severe and moderate asthma. Based on the results of examination of healthy individuals, the normal values for the slope of phase III (<0.31 g/mol·L) and emphysema index (<43) were calculated. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of volume capnography were studied with subsequent construction of ROC-curves and calculation of AUC for the slope angle of phase III and for emphysema index. It was found that most informative in BA are parameters of specificity of the diagnostic test (slope of phase III – 90.32%, emphysema index – 96.77%). The subsequent construction of ROC-curves showed that the AUC value for slope of phase III and emphysema index was higher in severe BA compared to the moderate BA (0.74 and 0.86, respectively).
Conclusion. The obtained data demonstrate the significance of volume capnography in the functional diagnosis of respiratory disorders in BA.
Falling for the Troll: A Children’s Literature Study on Holly Black’s Valiant: A Modern Tale of Faerie (2005)
Authors: Adji Alberta Natasia , Belia Athaya Prita
Published: January 2019

Monsters have always been a part of children fictional tales, representing the evil side of nature. They are the reason why heroes and heroines struggle to fight against, but at the same time they balance the whole realm, existing side by side with the heroes. There have been numerous children stories which depict the monsters as the villains, but they have rarely done so in portraying monsters as the wronged ones. In Holly Black’s Valiant (2005), the troll character named Ravus is presented as an outcast, a banished figure from his folk because of a misjudged rumor in his former kingdom. Unlike others who constantly challenge and trap humans, Ravus becomes a scholar who loves to explore his alchemy. He helps other outlaws to secure their well-being and health, even teaching Valerie the protagonist with her sword practicing, rescuing her whenever possible and eventually falling for her. The study highlights a new perspective on monstrous identity in a young adult book, making a counterpoint in presenting a fact that monsters can also be portrayed as very human and gentle instead of rude and dangerous.
The importance of the intertidal area for the Mullet Liza klunzingeri
Authors: Alsaffar Adel , Bin Hassan Abdulrahman , Dashti Talal , Taqi Ali , Al-Mousawy Ali , Al-Alawi Adnan
Published: January 2019

The mullet Liza klunzingeri, locally known as maid, is an important commercial species in Kuwait and accounts for up to 16% of the total finfish landings.  To determine the seasonal and spatial distributions of juvenile maid, a small-mesh seine net was employed monthly at seven selected coastal sites during the period from November 2013 through October 2014.  Semicircular sweeps of the 30 m long, two-meters high seine covered an area of approximately 1,400 m2.  Juvenile maid were captured at most of the sampling sites during the entire investigation period, but mainly in spring and summer, indicating a wide coastal distribution of this species.  The highest catches of juveniles occurred in May with an average of 30.2 kg per sweep, corresponding to a density of 22 g/m2.  Catches of juveniles from sampling sites in or just south of the Kuwait Bay, near prime maid fishing grounds, were much higher than those from more southerly sampling sites.  The captured maid ranged in total length (TL) from 18 to 179 mm, with a high peak at 41 to 50 mm.  By-catch included thirty species, with  hasoom (Sillago sihama), Imchawah (Diplodus sargus kotschyi), and yowaff (Nematalosa nasus) being the most common.  The by-catch consisted mostly of juveniles with lengths less than100 mm TL, showing the importance of the intertidal and coastal waters for many species.
NEED ANALYSIS ON ENGLISH TEACHING MATERIALS FOR ICT STUDENTS
Authors: Diana Sri , Mansur Musdalifah
Published: January 2019

The research aims to find out the English Materials need of the students of Genetic Computer School Singapore in Learning English. The quantitative and qualitative method were conducted in this research to provide the description of the students’ needs. In collecting the data, the researcher applied interview for lecturers and questionnaire for the students as the instrument of the research. There were two lecturers and thirty of second-semester students in the 2017-2018 academic year as participants in this research by conducting purposive sampling.The result of this research revealed that students of Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) mostly needed two skills in learning English. First, speaking skill that is to communicate in English and to present their final project exam. Second, writing skill is used to do their assignment and final report in English. Language element which most important and needed by the students is vocabulary, then followed by grammar. The interview result showed that in teaching English the lecturers do not have permanent syllabuses for four semesters and the existing materials are design based on lecturers perception, it is not based on students needs. The information of this research as the recommendation for the institution that might be used as guidance to design the English syllabuses.
KEDUDUKAN GUBERNUR DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH
Authors: Asmar Abd. Rais
Published: January 2019

Gubernur adalah penyelenggara pemerintahan daerah provinsi berkedudukan sebagai kepala daerah provinsi dan wakil pemerintah pusat di daerah dan bertanggung jawab kepada presiden. Kedudukan sebagai kepala daerah bersandar pada bentuk pelimpahan kewenangan demi efisiensi, efektifitas, dan akuntabilitas pemerintahan di wilayah provinsi dan kedudukan sebagai wakil pemerintah pusat berdasarkan mandat untuk memperpendek rentan kendali pemerintahan. Keutuhan hubungan pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah juga ditentukan oleh seberapa besar kedudukan gubernur sebagai wakil pemerintah pusat.Governor is administration of the district government domiciling as local self government and local field government and responsible to president. Domiciling as local self government relying on form of what overflows of the authority for the shake of efficiency, efektivity, and accountability government in province area and domiciling as local field government of pursuant to mandate to cut short the conduct of the governance. perfection of relation of central government and local government is also determined by how big domicile governor as local field government..
PRINSIP GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PADA PERSEROAN TERBATAS
Authors: Erlina Erlina
Published: January 2019

In the management of the company is not uncommon there are transactions that contain conflict of interest (conflict of interest) and almost can not be felt if there are parties who harmed. The principle of good corporate governance serves to control the behavior of corporate managers not to act only benefit the company but also shareholders or equate the interests of shareholders with corporate managers and provide benefits to the environment in which the company conducts business activities.    Keyword: conflict of interest, good corporate governanceDalam pengelolaan perusahaan tidak jarang terdapat transaksi-transaksi yang mengandung konflik kepentingan (conflict of interest) dan nyaris tidak dapat dirasakan kalau ada pihak yang dirugikan. Prinsip good corporate governance berfungsi untuk mengendalikan perilaku pengelola perusahaan agar tidak bertindak hanya menguntungkan perusahaan tetapi juga pemegang saham atau menyamakan kepentingan antara pemegang saham dengan pengelola perusahaan dan memberikan manfaat terhadap lingkungan dimana perusahaan tersebut melakukan kegiatan usaha.Kata Kunci: konflik kepentingan,  good corporate governance
TINJAUAN YURIDIS PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU PENIPUAN SECARA HIPNOTIS
Authors: Sulastryani Sulastryani
Published: January 2019

Taking other people's stuff in a hypnotic way is getting rampant. In fact, this has come to the police, prosecutors, and courts. Therefore, special efforts are needed to take action against it. The act of taking other people's belongings by hypnosis becomes a very complicated problem because of the problem of applying and interpreting the article in KUHP primarily Article 362 of the KUHP about Theft and 382 of the KUHP about Fraud which is sometimes used by law enforcement to ensnare the perpetrators with the modus operandi of hypnosis. The next problem will be found in the evidentiary process. The need for other criminal codes is currently one of the obstacles in law enforcement effortKeyword : Hypnosis, Theft, FraudMengambil barang orang lain dengan cara hipnotis semakin marak. Bahkan, hal ini telah sampai pada kepolisian, kejaksaan, dan pengadilan. Oleh karena itu, perlu usaha khusus untuk menindaknya. Tindakan mengambil barang orang lain dengan cara hipnotis menjadi masalah yang sangat rumit karena terbentur masalah penerapan dan penafsiran pasal dalam KUHP utamanya Pasal 362 KUHP tentang Pencurian dan 382 KUHP tentang Penipuan yang terkadang digunakan oleh penegak hukum untuk menjerat pelaku dengan modus operandi hipnotis. Permasalahan selanjutnya akan ditemukan pada proses pembuktian. Perlunya ada aturan pidana lainnya pada saat ini merupakan salah satu kendala dalam upaya penegakan hukum.Kata Kunci : Hipnotis, Pencurian, Penipuan
KONSEKUENSI HUKUM PEMBATALAN AKTA PERJANJIAN PENGIKATAN JUAL BELI ( PPJB) DALAM PRAKTEK JUAL BELI PROPERTI DI MAKASSAR
Authors: Amin Muh. Taufiq
Published: January 2019

AbstractCancellation of contract cause stop a[n alliance and bring everything return like initialy, impressing have never there is an alliance. The parties is obliged to return what have accepted of during sales take place the included in sales of properti. Despitefully, KUHPERDATA also give room to unprofitable side to file a bill indemnation Keyword : Cancellation of contract, Sales of PropertiAbstrakPembatalan perjanjian menyebabkan penghentian suatu perikatan dan membawa segala sesuatu kembali seperti semula, seolah-olah tidak pernah ada suatu perikatan. Para pihak wajib mengembalikan apa yang telah diterimanya selama jual beli berlangsung termasuk dalam jual beli properti. Di samping itu, KUHPerdata juga memberikan ruang bagi pihak yang menderita kerugian untuk mengajukan tuntutan ganti kerugian. Kata Kunci : Pembatalan perjanjian, Jual beli properti
Pandangan Masyarakat Terhadap Anak di Bawah Umur yang Mengonsumsi Minuman Ballo di Kecamatan Pallangga Kabupaten Gowa Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Kadir Munawir
Published: January 2019

faktor yang melatar belakangi anak di bawah umur mengonsumsi minuman ballo di Kecamatan Pallangga Kabupaten Gowa diantaranya yaitu karena rasa ingin tahu, karena pengaruh lingkungan pergaulannya, kurangnya kontrol dan pengawasan dari orang tua, karena kurangnya pendidikan agama, serta mudahnya minuman ballo tersebut diperoleh. Sedangkan dari pandangan masyarakat terkait kendala dalam mencegah konsumsi minuman ballo oleh anak di Kecamatan Pallangga Kabupaten Gowa diantaranya yaitu karena kurangnya kontrol aparat keamanan, kurangnya kerjasama antara masyarakat dan pihak kepolisian, kurangnya kontrol warga sekitar, masih banyak yang membuat dan menjual ballo, kurangnya kontrol pemerintah setempat. Sementara sanksi terhadap anak yang mengonsumsi ballo di Kecamatan Pallangga Kabupaten Gowa menurut hukum Islam yaitu warga sekitar  kepada anak yang mengonsumsi ballo biasanya memberikan sanksi pengajaran seperti memarahi atau diberikan sanksi sosial oleh masyarakat, sedangkan penerapan sanksi dari pihak kepolisian yang diberikan kepada anak di bawah umur yang mengonsumsi minuman ballo adalah sanksi pembinaan atau mendidik dan memberikan pengajaran agar anak tersebut tidak melakukan perbuatan seperti itu kembali, serta aparat juga memberikan arahan kepada orang tua/ wali anak tersebut agar anak tersebut bisa lebih dibina, diperhatikan, diawasi dan dididik dengan baik agar tidak sampai mengulangi perbuatannya, namun sanksi yang seperti itu sebenarnya sesuai dengan ajaran hukum Islam dalam menerapkan sanksi kepada anak yaitu hanya memarahi untuk memberikan pengajaran kepada anak tersebut untuk tidak mengulangi perbuatannya kembali, karena dalam hukum Islam ada yang namanya Ta’dibi yaitu hukuman yang bersifat mendidik terhadap anak yang melakukan pelanggaran seperti mengonsumsi minuman keras, Para ahli fikih menerima hukuman pemukulan dan pencelaan atau menegur sebagai bagian dari hukuman untuk mendidik.            Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) Kontrol orang tua terhadap anaknya. Hal ini tujuannya agar orang tua dapat mengawasi keseharian atau perilaku anak. Selain itu juga orang tua juga mesti mengetahui tentang pergaulan anaknya baik itu di sekolah maupun di lingkungan bermain. 2) Pemerintah dituntut lebih efektif dalam menangani permasalahan minuman keras ini. Dengan rutin melakukan bimbingan dan penyuluhan terkait dengan minuman keras tersebut. Hal ini menyangkut tentang masa depan anak karena anak merupakan penerus masa depan Negara. 3) Masyarakat dapat berperan aktif dalam mengawasi para remaja yang anti sosial, jangan bersikap acuh tak acuh terhadap konsumsi minuman ballo yang dilakukan oleh anak dilingkungannya. Hal ini bisa dilakukan dengan melakukan pemeriksaan dan pengawasan terhadap lingkungan sekitar tempat tinggal dalam pergaulan anak.
The basis of competition as a social phenomenon and its features in professional activity
Authors: Emelyanova L. A.
Published: January 2019

The author analyzes the fundamentals of social competition and its specific features in Russia. As the basic prerequisites for social competition, the author considers the activity in which its subjects enter into various forms of interaction and relationships, including competitive ones, objective and subjective differences between people and their communities — historical, socio-political, socio-economic, socio-cultural, international. Competition manifests itself in developing living and social systems, from which stem its two main varieties — biological and social, between which there is continuity. In the living nature, competition is manifested, as shown by Charles Darwin, within one species and between different species, in the fight against life conditions, leads to the natural selection and evolution of species. Competition in society has its own characteristics. At the same time, competition in the animal world and society, as P. Kropotkin has shown, is associated with various forms of cooperation, mutual assistance, which are dominant and more conducive to progress than competition. The transition of Russia from the socialist system of public relations with a planned economy to a capitalist system with a market system of development created the foundations of competition in the country. This transition is influenced by traditional socio-cultural characteristics, as well as current processes in society and in the world.Th is article considers the competition of collective subjects of professional activity as one of the types of social competition, its structure, typology, and basic functions are revealed. Competition is defined as a system of interaction of individual, group and collective subjects of professional activity, characterized by the achievement of goals of activity and advantages in the context of confrontation with those pursuing the same goals and advantages by other actors.
The formation of social inequality in the everyday practices: the historical perspective
Authors: Polyakova N. L.
Published: January 2019

The article analyzes the foundations methods and theoretical limits of the traditional sociological theories of social inequality. These theories do not distinguish methodologically between agence and structure. This makes such a theory of social inequality just a “social taxonomy”. The theories of A. Giddens and P. Bourdieu are viewed as the contemporary theoretical and methodological constructivist approaches to social inequality. They are based on the notions of “social practices”, “symbolic categorization”, “distinction”, “life style” (P. Bourdieu) and “reflexive structuration” (A. Giddens). The analysis demonstrates the lack of historical dimension in these theories. The article proves the need to analyze the basic everyday practices which give rise to social inequality. It is necessary to broaden the sphere of sociological research and use the historical perspective. It should also include as its object the system of social inequality in pre-modern societies. The article strives to achieve this by analyzing such pre-modern social practices of social inequality as inclusion/exclusion based on mechanisms of stigmatization, lanquage and ethuic-religions tradition.
SEBARAN SITUS PALEOLITIK DI TEPI ALIRAN SUNGAI WALENNAE, DI WILAYAH BONE BARAT, SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Hakim Budianto
Published: January 2019

Almost all the palaeolithic sites in Cabbenge, Soppeng are on the banks of the Walennae River, both located on ancient river terraces as well as those that exist today. Considering the Walennae River is located in Bone District (Bontocani region), it is very possible in the Bone region connected to the Walennae River, there are palaeolithic sites that contemporary with the oldest occupancy in Soppeng District. This has been guided by the results of the thesis study of Archaeology Departement of Hasanuddin University students, in 1990 of Mallinrung area, Libureng, Bone, which reported the first time that lithic artefacts were found in the area, including those with the characteristics of palaeolithic technology. In the framework of expanding the potential area of palaeolithic archaeological remains on the banks of the Walennae River, this study focused on the Bone West region, including Bengo, Lamuru, Lappariaja, Kahu and Libureng Districts. Exploration surveys are intended to obtain information on the distribution of sites related to palaeolithic potential in the region. The results of the study showed the development of the technology of the palaeolithic stone tools, including flakes, hand-held axes, impact axes, and axe axes. Technological developments in stone tools and palaeolithic culture in the Bone West region, as well as showing palaeolithic cultural connectivity both in the Soppeng region and in the Old Walennae depressed regions, especially in the Bone West region. Hampir semua situs paleolitik di Cabbenge, Soppeng berada di tepi Sungai Walennae, baik yang terletak di teras sungai purba maupun yang ada sekarang ini. Mengingat Sungai Walennae berhulu di Kabupaten Bone (wilayah Bontocani), maka sangat memungkinkan  di wilayah Bone yang terkoneksi dengan Sungai Walennae, terdapat situs-situs paleolitik yang sejaman dengan masa hunian tertua di wialayah Kabupaten Soppeng. Hal ini telah dipandu oleh hasil penelitian skripsi mahasiswa arekeologi, Unhas tahun 1990 di wilayah Mallinrung, Libureng, Bone yang melaporkan pertama kali bahwa di daerah tersebut ditemukan artefak litik, termasuk yang memiliki ciri teknologi paleolitik. Dalam kerangka memperluas area potensi tinggalan arkeologi jaman paleolitik di tepi Sungai Walennae, penelitian ini  difokuskan pada wilayah Bone Barat, meliputi Kecamatan Bengo, Lamuru, Lappariaja, Kahu dan Libureng. Survei eksploratif dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh informasi sebaran situs terkait potensi paleolitik di wilayah tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perkembangan teknologi alat batu paeolitik, diantaranya: alat serpih, kapak genggam, kapak perimbas, dan kapak penetak. Perkembangan teknologi alat batu dan budaya paleolitik di wilayah Bone Barat, sekaligus menunjukkan konektivitas budaya paleolitik baik di wilayah Soppeng maupun wilayah-wilayah depresi Walennae Purba khususnya di wilayah Bone Barat.