bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Staff perspectives on the key elements to successful rapid uptake of telerehabilitation in medium‐sized public hospital physiotherapy departments
Authors: Ross Megan H. , Nelson Mark , Parravicini Vicki , Weight Matthew , Tyrrell Ryan , Hartley Nicole , Russell Trevor
Published: December 2022

Background and purpose

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, hospital physiotherapy departments transitioned to telerehabilitation to ensure continuity of care for patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the key elements to successful, rapid uptake of telerehabilitation in medium‐sized public hospital physiotherapy departments in response to COVID‐19.

Methods

This study used a qualitative design. Physiotherapists who delivered telerehabilitation consultations during the COVID‐19 restriction period in two Brisbane public hospital physiotherapy departments were eligible to participate in semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed thematically.

Results

Twenty‐five physiotherapists (22–60 years of age; 68% female) with 1–40 years of clinical experience provided insights into their perceptions of the rapid uptake of telerehabilitation in the provision of clinical care. Physiotherapists worked across musculoskeletal outpatient (72%), inpatient, community, paediatrics and pelvic health departments. Qualitative analyses in relation to the physiotherapist perceptions of the key elements of rapid transition to telerehabilitation, revealed four key themes underpinning success: (1) ‘it requires a whole team approach’, (2) ‘technology issues will be encountered and can be overcome’, (3) ‘optimise the situation while understanding the differences’ and (4) ‘modifying your approach doesn't imply inferior quality of care’.

Conclusion

Rapid implementation of telerehabilitation in a hospital setting is possible, and is facilitated by organisational, administrative and management support, willingness of physiotherapists to adopt, shared learning experience, quality software and connection, availability of equipment and space and optimised systems and processes. Key factors facilitating successful telerehabilitation consultations include effective communication, demonstration, involving a third party to help, and clients who are well prepared and willing to engage.
Dissecting the general mechanisms of protein cage self‐assembly by coarse‐grained simulations
Authors: Su Zhaoqian , Wu Yinghao
Published: December 2022

The development of artificial protein cages has recently gained massive attention due to their promising application prospect as novel delivery vehicles for therapeutics. These nanoparticles are formed through a process called self‐assembly, in which individual subunits spontaneously arrange into highly ordered patterns via non‐covalent but specific interactions. Therefore, the first step toward the design of novel engineered protein cages is to understand the general mechanisms of their self‐assembling dynamics. Here we have developed a new computational method to tackle this problem. Our method is based on a coarse‐grained model and a diffusion–reaction simulation algorithm. Using a tetrahedral cage as test model, we showed that self‐assembly of protein cage requires of a seeding process in which specific configurations of kinetic intermediate states are identified. We further found that there is a critical concentration to trigger self‐assembly of protein cages. This critical concentration allows that cages can only be successfully assembled under a persistently high concentration. Additionally, phase diagram of self‐assembly has been constructed by systematically testing the model across a wide range of binding parameters. Finally, our simulations demonstrated the importance of protein's structural flexibility in regulating the dynamics of cage assembly. In summary, this study throws lights on the general principles underlying self‐assembly of large cage‐like protein complexes and thus provides insights to design new nanomaterials.
Distribution and solvent exposure of Hsp70 chaperone binding sites across the Escherichia coli proteome
Authors: Chen Xi , Hutchinson Rachel B. , Cavagnero Silvia
Published: December 2022

Many proteins must interact with molecular chaperones to achieve their native state in the cell. Yet, how chaperone binding‐site characteristics affect the folding process is poorly understood. The ubiquitous Hsp70 chaperone system prevents client‐protein aggregation by holding unfolded conformations and by unfolding misfolded states. Hsp70 binding sites of client proteins comprise a nonpolar core surrounded by positively charged residues. However, a detailed analysis of Hsp70 binding sites on a proteome‐wide scale is still lacking. Further, it is not known whether proteins undergo some degree of folding while chaperone bound. Here, we begin to address the above questions by identifying Hsp70 binding sites in 2258 Escherichia coli (E. coli) proteins. We find that most proteins bear at least one Hsp70 binding site and that the number of Hsp70 binding sites is directly proportional to protein size. Aggregation propensity upon release from the ribosome correlates with number of Hsp70 binding sites only in the case of large proteins. Interestingly, Hsp70 binding sites are more solvent‐exposed than other nonpolar sites, in protein native states. Our findings show that the majority of E. coli proteins are systematically enabled to interact with Hsp70 even if this interaction only takes place during a fraction of the protein lifetime. In addition, our data suggest that some conformational sampling may take place within Hsp70‐bound states, due to the solvent exposure of some chaperone binding sites in native proteins. In all, we propose that Hsp70‐chaperone‐binding traits have evolved to favor Hsp70‐assisted protein folding devoid of aggregation.
Molecular dynamics studies of CED‐4/CED‐9/EGL‐1 ternary complex reveal CED‐4 release mechanism in the linear apoptotic pathway of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Reddy C. Narendra , Sankararamakrishnan Ramasubbu
Published: December 2022

Many steps in programmed cell death are evolutionarily conserved across different species. The Caenorhabditis elegans proteins CED‐9, CED‐4 and EGL‐1 involved in apoptosis are respectively homologous to anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 proteins, Apaf‐1 and the “BH3‐only” pro‐apototic proteins in mammals. In the linear apoptotic pathway of C. elegans, EGL‐1 binding to CED‐9 leads to the release of CED‐4 from CED‐9/CED‐4 complex. The molecular events leading to this process are not clearly elucidated. While the structures of CED‐9 apo, CED‐9/EGL‐1 and CED‐9/CED‐4 complexes are known, the CED‐9/CED‐4/EGL‐1 ternary complex structure is not yet determined. In this work, we modeled this ternary complex and performed molecular dynamics simulations of six different systems involving CED‐9. CED‐9 displays differential dynamics depending upon whether it is bound to CED‐4 and/or EGL‐1. CED‐4 exists as an asymmetric dimer (CED4a and CED4b) in CED‐9/CED‐4 complex. CED‐4a exhibits higher conformational flexibility when simulated without CED‐4b. Principal Component Analysis revealed that the direction of CED‐4a's winged‐helix domain motion differs in the ternary complex. Upon EGL‐1 binding, majority of non‐covalent interactions involving CARD domain in the CED‐4a‐CED‐9 interface have weakened and only half of the contacts found in the crystal structure between α/β domain of CED4a and CED‐9 are found to be stable. Additional stable contacts in the ternary complex and differential dynamics indicate that winged‐helix domain may play a key role in CED‐4a's dissociation from CED‐9. This study has provided a molecular level understanding of potential intermediate states that are likely to occur when CED‐4a is released from CED‐9.
Decentralized iterative learning control for constrained collaborative tracking
Authors: Chen Bin , Chu Bing
Published: December 2022

High performance collaborative tracking where multiple subsystems work together repetitively to track a reference has found applications in various areas. To meet the high accuracy requirements, iterative learning control (ILC) has recently been used. However, most existing designs ignore the system constraints that are often encountered in practice. Furthermore, they usually have a centralized structure (or controller parameter) that needs to be redesigned or re‐tuned when the system changes which may cause difficulties for handling large scale systems. In this article, we consider the constrained collaborative tracking problem and propose a novel constrained ILC design. The resulting ILC algorithm guarantees not only the satisfaction of the system constraints, but also the monotonic convergence of the collaborative tracking error norm to a minimum (possible) value. We further develop a decentralized implementation of the proposed algorithm using the alternating direction method of multipliers, allowing the design to scale up to large scale and varying system dynamics. Finally, we provide numerical examples to verify the algorithms' effectiveness.
A unified Lyapunov characterization for finite time control and prescribed time control
Authors: Song Yongduan , Su Jie
Published: December 2022

This work presents a novel approach to unifying finite time control and prescribed time control. The main idea is to establish a new Lyapunov differential inequality that allows finite time and prescribed time stability to be addressed uniformly. It is shown that the derived control algorithm is able to achieve prescribed time convergence with bounded control gain and bounded control action, completely solving for the first time the long‐lasting issue of infinite gain associated with current notion of prescribed time control. Numerical simulations also confirmed the effectiveness of the developed approach.
Evaluating a driving index of nonresidential green building implementation for sustainable development in developing countries from a Vietnamese perspective
Authors: Yang Jin Kook , Thuc Le Dinh , Cuong Pham Phu , Van Du Nguyen , Tran Huu‐Bang
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate a quantitative driving index for implementing green building in Vietnam as a case study in developing countries. Using literature review and expert interviews, 19 driving forces affecting green building implementation were identified in the Vietnamese context. Via obtained data from a questionnaire survey, four principle factors were grouped from defined drivers. The fuzzy synthetic evaluation method was utilized to develop a driving index (DI) for developing the green building in Vietnam. DI model indicated that environmental impact is the most crucial group for green building implementation in Vietnam. Apart from this, the result of the comparative analysis also indicated that most driving forces for adopting green building in developing countries related to environmental and social problems. These results provide the decision‐makers with a comprehensive tool to assess the expectations for green building implementation in both Vietnam and other developing countries.
Zinc‐bis(imino)pyridine Complexes as Catalysts for Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition in Water
Authors: Dey Jyotirmoy , Yadav Seema , Raj Lakshkar Ritu , Singh Ajeet , Ray Sriparna , Dash Chandrakanta
Published: December 2022

Two new zinc(II) complexes, [2,6‐bis(methylphenyliminomethyl)pyridine]ZnBr2 (2 a) and [2,6‐bis(triflouromethylphenyliminomethyl)pyridine]ZnBr2 (2 b) were synthesized by the reactions of corresponding 2,6‐bis(imino)pyridine based [NNN]‐pincer ligand and anhydrous ZnBr2 in acetonitrile as a solvent. The catalytic properties of zinc(II) complexes were examined in azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reactions in water. The zinc(II) complexes were characterized by UV‐Vis, 1H NMR, IR, elemental analysis and mass spectroscopy. The zinc complex [2,6‐bis(triflouromethylphenyliminomethyl)pyridine]ZnBr2 was characterized by X‐ray crystallography. The zinc(II) complexes efficiently catalyzed the azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction for the synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles (mixture of 1,4‐ and 1,5‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles) in water with good to excellent yields.
Morphological, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polybutylene Tetrephthalate‐Polyester Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane Blends
Authors: Rawat Rajkumar Singh , Tyagi Mukti , Talwar Meenu , Tyagi Vinay Kumar , Kumar Manmohan , Das Mukul , Roy Parsun
Published: December 2022

Polybutylene tetrephthalate (PBT)‐polyester based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends with varying percentages of TPU (10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %) were prepared in order to improve impact strength of PBT to enhance its applications. The blends were prepared by melt mixing using a twin screw extruder. Based on morphological images, impact strength analysis and dynamical mechanical analysis, TPU was well dispersed in PBT polymer matrix. Studies using Differential Scanning Calorimetry indicate a decrease in crsytallinity on addition of 30 % TPU in PBT. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that addition of TPU in PBT matrix increases the char content. PBT and TPU have a good interfacial adhesion, according to SEM investigations. Mechanical characteristics demonstrate that the inclusion of TPU in PBT matrix resulted in a significant increase in impact strength of about 208 %, with minor changes in tensile strength and tensile modulus. Change in glass transition temperature of the optimised blend was measured using DMA.
Copper‐Decorated Magnetite Polydopamine Composite (Fe3O4@PDA): An Effective and Durable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Pyranopyrazole Synthesis
Authors: Badbedast Mehran , Abdolmaleki Amir , Khalili Dariush
Published: December 2022

Synthesis of pyranopyrazoles using heterogeneous catalysts is among the most executed synthetic approaches in organic chemistry and has attracted much attention because of the atom economy and environmentally benign issues. Magnetite dopamine‐supported copper nanoparticles were created using a simple co‐precipitation technique and characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The catalytic activity of the Fe3O4@PDA/CuCl2 system was probed in the synthesis of structurally diverse pyranopyrazoles. It′s worth mentioning that the catalyst could be used at low loadings to produce pyranopyrazoles with high to acceptable in the absence of an external reducing agent. Additionally, the produced heterogeneous catalyst can be reused (by extracting with an external magnet) in six subsequent cycles without suffering a significant loss in catalytic activity. The high efficiency of the derivatives from about 70 % to 98 %, as well as the fact that the TON)1000–2500( and TOF)1000–5000 h−1) have attained the optimal amount, indicate the catalyst‘s high efficiency.
Spectral, Thermal Behavior, Molecular Modeling, and Antimicrobial Studies of Fuchsin Basic Hydrochloride
Authors: Masoud Mamdouh S. , Ramadan Ahmed M. , Ahmed Mahmoud M.
Published: December 2022

The current study reported important characteristic features of the 4‐[(4‐aminophenyl)‐(4‐imino‐3‐methylcyclohexa‐2,5‐dien‐1‐ylidene)methyl]aniline hydrochloride known as fuchsin basic dye (FB). The thermal decomposition behavior of the dye was scrutinized through thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Besides, the acid dissociation constants of FB were evaluated by analyzing its electronic spectra at different pH values. In addition, a docking study was also carried out to investigate the binding affinity between the FB dye and two selected proteins (3t88 and 1bqb) of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The docked complex of the dye with the target proteins exhibits moderate scoring energy values (−5.2025 and −5.5762 kcal/mol where the receptors are bonded to the dye through H‐bonds of lengths that are less than 3.5 Å. The dye was also tested for its antimicrobial activity against two Gram‐positive and two Gram‐negative bacterial species. The results revealed moderate to good activity against Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus pyogenes species compared to amoxicillin 0.1 % as a reference control.
Quinoline N‐Oxide: A Versatile Precursor in Organic Transformations
Authors: Singha Koustav , Habib Imran , Hossain Mossaraf
Published: December 2022

Quinoline derivatives are very widely known biologically active heterocyclic compounds, as for example quinine, mefloquine, etc. In recent years, the interests of researchers are growing to look for a methodology using quinoline N‐oxides as a precursor to make several bio‐active quinoline compounds as quinoline N‐oxides are more reactive with good regioselectivity than unoxidized quinolines. In this review, numerous procedures are discussed using quinoline N‐oxides as a versatile precursor in organic transformations, such as alkenylation, alkylation, arylation, amination, amidation, halogenation and so on under metal or metal‐free conditions at C‐2, C‐3 or C‐8 positions. The main focus of this context is to explore various procedures of synthesis of quinoline derivatives with good regioselectivity, to understand the extent of usefulness of those procedures through the study of scope of substrates and the reaction mechanisms of the processes.
Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazole‐Containing 2,3‐Dihydrofuran Derivatives, Evaluation of Anticancer Activity and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Sabhavath Anil Kumar , Madderla Sarasija , Dharavath Ravinder , Thumma Vishnu , Thara Gugulothu , Gundu Srinivas , Dongamanti Ashok
Published: December 2022

A simple and convenient one‐pot three‐component method to synthesize 1,2,3‐triazole‐based 2,3‐dihydrofuran derivatives from the condensation of 5,5‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1,3‐dione, substituted phenacyl bromide, triethylamine and 1,2,3‐triazole based benzaldehyde using a mixture of CH3CN/water as a reaction medium is described. The current protocol delivers numerous advantages such as good yield, short reaction time, easy work‐up and simplicity in the procedure as it uses a green method and an eco‐friendly catalyst. The target compounds are screened for their in‐vitro anticancer activity and most of the compounds are found to exhibit promising activity compared to standard drug Doxorubicin. Molecular docking studies performed on caspase‐3 and COVID‐19 main protease revealed well defined binding interactions and docking scores.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Azacrownophanes Containing Tetrahydropyridine or Piperidone Subunits
Authors: Dao Nhung T. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Polyakova Elena I. , Le Anh T.
Published: December 2022

Herein we presented the synthesis of azacrownophanes containing tetrahydropyridine or piperidone rings. The multicomponent reactions were performed and afforded tetrahydropyridine or piperidone derivatives which strongly depended on used substrates. Structure of tetrahydropyridine and piperidone derivatives was differentiated by spectrometry methods such as IR, HRMS, NMR and single‐crystal Xray diffraction. Eight synthesized compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity through Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Three tetrahydropyridine derivatives displayed the most potent cytotoxic activity against Hep‐G2 and Lu‐1 cell lines with the IC50 values around 8 μM and 31.62 μM, respectively. The screening result of antimicrobial activities of all compounds showed negative values at a tested concentration of 50 μg/ml. The ADME study was calculated to provide some useful information about the structure and bioactivity relationship.
Hopping Light Vat Photopolymerization for Multiscale Fabrication
Authors: Xu Yang , Mao Huachao , Liu Cenyi , Du Zhengyu , Yan Weijia , Yang Zhuoyuan , Partanen Jouni , Chen Yong
Published: December 2022

3D objects with features spanning from microscale to macroscale have various applications. However, the fabrication of such objects presents challenges to additive manufacturing (AM) due to the tradeoffs among manufacturable feature resolution, maximum build area, and printing speed. This paper presents a projection‐based AM process called hopping light vat photopolymerization (HL‐VPP) to address this critical barrier. The key idea of HL‐VPP is to synchronize linear scanning projection with a galvo mirror's rotation. The projector moves continuously at a constant speed while periodically rotating a one‐axis galvo mirror to compensate for the projector's linear movement so synchronized hopping motion can be achieved. By this means, HL‐VPP can simultaneously achieve large‐area (over 200 mm), fast‐speed (scanning speed of 13.5 mm s‐1), and high‐resolution (10 µm pixel size) fabrication. The distinguishing characteristic of HL‐VPP is that it allows for hundreds of times lower refresh rates without motion blur. Thus, HL‐VPP decouples the fabrication efficiency limit imposed by the refresh rate and will enable super‐fast curing in the future. This work will significantly advance VPP's use in applications that require macroscale part size with microscale features. The process has been verified by fabricating multiple multiscale objects, including microgrids and biomimetic structures.
Constructing Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Fiber Electrodes with Unique Hierarchical Microcrack Structure for High‐Voltage, Ultrahigh‐Rate, and Ultralong‐Life Flexible Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Wang Hui , Lu Yufei , Nie Zhentao , Liu Haodong , Dai Bingfei , Shi Xiaofan , Yan Bing , Zhao Tiancheng , Zhang Zhitao , Zhu Jixin , Zhao Yang
Published: December 2022

Flexible aqueous zinc batteries are promising candidates as safe power sources for fast‐growing portable and wearable electronics. However, the low working voltage, poor rate capability, and cycling stability have greatly restricted their development and applications. Here, a new family of flexible bimetallic phosphide/carbon nanotube hybrid fiber electrodes with unique macroscopic microcrack structure and microscopic porous nanoflower structure is reported. The hierarchical microcrack structure not only facilitates the penetration of electrolyte for effective exposure of active sites, but also can serve as buffers to relieve the stress concentrations of the fiber electrode under deformations, enabling impressive electrochemical performance and mechanical flexibility. Particularly, the fabricated flexible aqueous zinc batteries demonstrate high working voltage plateau and specific capacity (≈1.7 V, 258.9 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1), ultrahigh rate capability (135.8 mAh g−1 at 50 A g−1, fully charged in only 9.8 s) and impressive power density of 79 000 W kg−1. Moreover, the flexible batteries show ultralong cycling life with 74.6% capacity retention after 20 000 cycles. The fiber batteries are also highly flexible and can be easily knitted into soft electronic textiles to power a smartphone, which are particularly promising for the next‐generation of flexible and wearable electronics.
Integrating Incompatible Nanozyme‐Catalyzed Reactions for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Li Guangming , Liu Hao , Yi Jiadai , Pu Fang , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: December 2022

Multi‐nanozymes are widely applied in disease treatment, biosensing, and other fields. However, most current multi‐nanozyme systems exhibit only moderate activity since reaction microenvironments of different nanozyme are often distinct or even incompatible. Conventional assemble strategies are inapplicable for designing multi‐nanozymes consisting of incompatible nanozymes. Herein, a versatile fiber‐based compartmentalization strategy is developed to construct multi‐nanozyme system capable of simultaneously performing incompatible reactions. In this system, the incompatible nanozymes are spatially distributed in distinct compartmentalized fibers, where different microenvironments can be tailored by controlling the doping reagent, endowing each nanozymes with the preferential microenvironments to exhibit their highest activity. As a proof of concept, pH‐incompatible peroxidase‐like and catalase‐like catalytic reactions are tested to verify the feasibility of this strategy. By doping with benzoic acid in the desired location, the two pH‐incompatible nanozymes can work simultaneously without interference. Further, it is demonstrated that the oxygen supply and antimicrobial power of the integrated platform can be applied for accelerating diabetic wound healing. It is hoped that this work provides a way to integrate incompatible nanozyme and broadens the application potential of multi‐nanozymes.
Molybdenum Oxycarbide Supported Rh‐Clusters with Modulated Interstitial C–O Microenvironments for Promoting Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Weiwen , Geng Wei , Zhang Lu , Zhao Zhenyang , Zhang Zhen , Ma Tian , Cheng Chong , Liu Xikui , Zhang Yanning , Li Shuang
Published: December 2022

Tuning the microenvironment and electronic structure of support materials is essential strategy to induce electron transfer between supports and active centers, which is of great importance in optimizing catalytic kinetics. In this study, the molybdenum oxycarbide supported Rh‐clusters are synthesized with modulated interstitial C–O microenvironments (Rh/MoOC) for promoting efficient hydrogen evolution in water splitting. Both electronic structure characterizations and theoretical calculations uncover the apparent charge transfer from Rh to MoOC, which optimizes the d‐band center, H2O adsorption energy, and hydrogen binding energy, thus enhancing its intrinsic hydrogen‐evolving activities. In addition, the co‐occurrence of interstitial C and O atoms in MoOC supports plays a vital role in the dissociation reaction of water during the hydrogen‐evolving process. Impressively, the Rh/MoOC exhibits excellent hydrogen‐evolving activities in terms of exceptional turnover frequency values (11.4 and 39.41 H2 s−1 in alkaline and acidic media) and mass activities (21.3 and 73.87 A mg−1 in alkaline and acidic media) at an overpotential of 100 mV, which is more than 40 times higher than that of the benchmark commercial Rh/C catalysts. This work sheds new light on designing water dissociation materials that surpasses most of the reported catalysts.
Dopant‐Free Polymer Hole Transport Materials for Highly Stable and Efficient CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Zelong , Fu Jianfei , Chen Qiaoyun , Zhang Jiajia , Huang Zhezhi , Cao Ji , Ji Wenxi , Zhang Longgui , Wang Ailian , Zhou Yi , Dong Bin , Song Bo
Published: December 2022

All‐inorganic perovskite CsPbI3 contains no volatile organic components and is a thermally stable photoactive material for wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs); however, CsPbI3 readily undergoes undesirable phase transitions due to the hygroscopic nature of the ionic dopants used in commonly used hole transport materials. In the current study, the popular donor material PM6 in organic solar cells is used as a hole transport layer (HTL). The benzodithiophene‐based backbone‐conjugated polymer requires no dopant and leads to a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) than 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD). Moreover, PM6 also shows priorities in hole mobility, hydrophobicity, cascade energy level alignment, and even defect passivation of perovskite films. With PM6 as the dopant‐free HTL, the PSCs achieve a champion PCE of 18.27% with a competitive fill factor of 82.8%. Notably, the present PCE is based on the dopant‐free HTL in CsPbI3 PSCs reported thus far. The PSCs with PM6 as the HTL retain over 90% of the initial PCE stored in a glovebox filled with N2 for 3000 h. In contrast, the PSCs with Spiro‐OMeTAD as the HTL maintain ≈80% of the initial PCE under the same conditions.
A Progress Review on Challenges and Strategies of Flexible Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 Solar Cells
Authors: Xie Weihao , Yan Qiong , Sun Quanzhen , Li Yifan , Zhang Caixia , Deng Hui , Cheng Shuying
Published: December 2022

Flexible Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells have the advantages of nontoxicity and low cost, showing great commercial potential in wearable devices, indoor photovoltaics, and building‐integrated photovoltaics. Currently, the performances of flexible CZTSSe devices still faces a huge gap on the commercialization level. Herein, the development of flexible CZTSSe devices to provide the challenges is summarized and possible strategies are explored. During the past ten years of research, flexible CZTSSe devices’ efficiency has increased to 11.19% through studies of flexible substrates, residual stress, deposition processes, and physics. However, the improvement of efficiency is facing large challenges in severe open‐circuit voltage loss and low fill factor. After solving the issues by the strategies of deep‐level defect passivation and interface optimization, the efficiency of flexible CZTSSe solar cells is expected to reach the commercial level.
Thermomechanical Treatment Performance and Flow Stress Model of a Fe–Mn–Al–C Low‐Density Steel
Authors: Wang Weijun , Zhang Bendao , Cen Qiongying , Zhang Mei , Man Tinghui , Dong Han
Published: December 2022

The flow stress curves of Fe‐31.7Mn‐11.5Al‐0.9C low‐density steel are obtained by a hot‐compression test with a Gleeble‐3500 thermomechanical simulator. It is shown in the results that the dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of δ‐ferrite occur preferentially under the same deformation condition, inducing a “yield point‐like” phenomenon in the true stress–strain curves. The Zener–Hollomon parameter is introduced to fit the characteristic parameters used to establish the flow stress model according to Arrhenius hyperbolic sine relationship and Avrami equation, and the DRX activation energy of austenite is 414.12 KJ mol−1. The hot‐processing maps at different true strains are simulated based on the dynamic material model to determine the suitable hot‐rolling process and the optimal hot‐working process selection of high strain rate and high deformation temperature combination, 1100–950 °C/1–0.2 s−1, is recommended.
Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation and Prediction in Press‐Hardened Steels
Authors: Cao Zuoheng , Wang Zhou , Ngiam Yan , Luo Zhichao , Geng Zhiyu , Wang Jingjing , Zhang Yu , Huang Mingxin
Published: December 2022

The application of press‐hardened steels (PHSs) in automotive body‐in‐white components using the hot‐stamping technique is growing thanks to its impressive strength and formability. Unfortunately, hydrogen embrittlement (HE), an issue that generally exists in high‐strength steels, impedes the PHSs rising application trend by causing catastrophic mechanical property degradation. Thus, detailed evaluation and prediction of HE risk throughout PHSs manufacture and service condition are necessary. This study highlights techniques to characterize the hydrogen content and distribution, techniques to evaluate HE susceptibility, and potential models to simulate the in‐service performance of PHS. The survey of existing studies has revealed the gaps between laboratory measurement and industry application, including but not limited to 1) the accelerated experiment‐induced discrepancies against real‐life applications, 2) a selection of the appropriate HE indicators, 3) an accurate risk prediction model, and 4) efficient feedback to the industry based on both experimental and simulated results. Based on the review, future studies are expected to establish a conclusive HE evaluation standard for PHS.
Hydrogen Embrittlement in a Plasma Tungsten Inert Gas‐Welded Austenitic CrMnNi Stainless Steel
Authors: Hempel Christian , Mandel Marcel , Quitzke Caroline , Radajewski Markus , Schröder Christina , Wendler Marco , Volkova Olena , Krüger Lutz
Published: December 2022

The study evaluates the effect of electrochemical hydrogen charging on the tensile properties and fracture behavior of the plasma tungsten inert gas weld of the high‐alloy austenitic steel X3CrMnNiMoN17‐8‐4 in comparison to the pure base metal (BM). The weld metal exhibits a higher susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement than the BM, which is mainly expressed by a loss in ductility. Based on the performed electron backscatter diffraction and X‐ray diffraction examinations, this is attributed to the higher amount of δ‐ferrite and the higher dislocation density in the weld zone. Furthermore, fractographic analyses reveal a change in the manner of fracture mode from ductile to brittle fracture starting from the edge in the hydrogen charged samples. The wider area of brittle fracture in the weld seam in relation to the BM indicates that hydrogen penetrates deeper into the material. Consequently, the diffusivity of hydrogen in the weld seam is determined to be significantly higher than in the BM.
Urethral obstruction due to an inflammation and necrosis in the os penis of a dog
Authors: Brückner Michael
Published: December 2022

A 2‐year‐old, 24.8 kg, entire, male, mixed breed dog was evaluated because of acute onset of pollakiuria and stranguria. Abdominal radiographs identified no obvious underlying cause for the stranguria. Abdominal ultrasound revealed prostatic cysts with a periprostatic inflammation. Retrograde contrast urethrography and urethrocystoscopy demonstrated a compressive lesion of the urethra at the caudal end of os penis. Initially, a balloon‐expandable metallic stent was placed in the area of the urethral obstruction. Haematuria and compression of the stent were observed 2 weeks after stent placement. Penile amputation in combination with cryptorchidectomy and neutering as well as scrotal urethrostomy were performed. Recovery was uneventful and the dog was doing well at the 2‐week follow‐up recheck. Histopathology diagnosed a well‐circumscribed necrotic area with haemorrhage within the os penis. The patient was clinically doing well over the next 13 months, but then humanely euthanased due to unrelated reasons.
Marek Thee: His Published Work
Authors: Erdal Marta Bivand , Gleditsch Nils Petter , Tønnesson Stein
Published: December 2022

Marek Thee was a prolific writer and made his mark in journalism as well as academic publications. What follows is hardly a complete bibliography, but we have been able to collect writings from four important periods of his life.
Impact of Cultivation and Origin on the Fruit Microbiome of Apples and Blueberries and Implications for the Exposome
Authors: Wicaksono Wisnu Adi , Buko Aisa , Kusstatscher Peter , Cernava Tomislav , Sinkkonen Aki , Laitinen Olli H. , Virtanen Suvi M. , Hyöty Heikki , Berg Gabriele
Published: December 2022

Vegetables and fruits are a crucial part of the planetary health diet, directly affecting human health and the gut microbiome. The objective of our study was to understand the variability of the fruit (apple and blueberry) microbiome in the frame of the exposome concept. The study covered two fruit-bearing woody species, apple and blueberry, two countries of origin (Austria and Finland), and two fruit production methods (naturally grown and horticultural). Microbial abundance, diversity, and community structures were significantly different for apples and blueberries and strongly influenced by the growing system (naturally grown or horticultural) and country of origin (Austria or Finland). Our results indicated that bacterial communities are more responsive towards these factors than fungal communities. We found that fruits grown in the wild and within home gardens generally carry a higher microbial diversity, while commercial horticulture homogenized the microbiome independent of the country of origin. This can be explained by horticultural management, including pesticide use and post-harvest treatments. Specific taxonomic indicators were identified for each group, i.e., for horticultural apples: Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Stenotrophomonas. Interestingly, Ralstonia was also found to be enriched in horticultural blueberries in comparison to such that were home and wildly grown. Our study showed that the origin of fruits can strongly influence the diversity and composition of their microbiome, which means that we are exposed to different microorganisms by eating fruits from different origins. Thus, the fruit microbiome needs to be considered an important but relatively unexplored external exposomic factor.
Psychopathology and mental health service use among youth in foster care admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit: a 4-year retrospective controlled study
Authors: Solerdelcoll Mireia , Ilzarbe Daniel , Fortea Adriana , Morer Astrid , Lazaro Luisa , Sugranyes Gisela , Baeza Inmaculada
Published: December 2022

Youth in foster care (FC) are at increased risk of poor psychosocial outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess psychopathology and mental health service use among youth living in FC who require psychiatric hospitalisation. All individuals admitted to our Children and Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatry Unit between 2014 and 2017 who were in FC were systematically reviewed. The control group was defined as all youth living with their immediate family and hospitalised in our unit throughout 2016. We identified 89 patients placed in FC and 247 controls. Socio-demographic and clinical data were retrospectively collected from computerised charts. A survival analysis of emergency department visits and readmission to the hospital was conducted. Compared to controls, the FC group presented significantly higher rates of conduct disorder (78.7% vs 14.6%; p < 0.001) and substance use disorder (49.4% vs 27.5%; p < 0.001), mainly cannabis use (34.8% vs 16.6%; p < 0.001); higher rates of comorbidity (96.6% vs 55.9%; p < 0.001) and mean number of comorbid diagnoses (3.3 ± 1.1 vs 2.3 ± 0.5; p < 0.001). The FC group had a higher number of emergency room visits before and after admission than controls. FC youth were also 2.77 times more likely to visit the emergency department after discharge, and in a shorter time period, than controls (p = 0.004). Disruptive behaviours, substance use disorder, and comorbid psychopathology were all more prevalent among FC youth than controls. Specific strategies are needed to optimize community mental health resources and address the increased use of emergency services by these youth before and after hospitalisation.
Regional groundwater flow and the future of hydrogeology: evolving concepts and communication
Authors: Mádl-Szőnyi Judit , Batelaan Okke , Molson John , Verweij Hanneke , Jiang Xiao-Wei , Carrillo-Rivera José Joel , Tóth Ádám
Published: December 2022

Consideration of regional groundwater flow in aquifer systems allows for solving groundwater issues on a larger scale than single aquifers and contributes to all practical aspects of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals for water. The approach has been extended to a wide range of hydrogeological environments. However, it suffers from poorly constrained terminology and conceptualisation, compounded by the difficulties of interpreting complex groundwater flow systems. This essay aims to initiate a discussion on improving the application of regional groundwater flow approaches.
Catalytic pyrolysis of recycled polypropylene using a regenerated FCC catalyst
Authors: Palmay Paul , Medina Carlos , Donoso Caterine , Barzallo Diego , Bruno Joan Carles
Published: December 2022

The increasing generation of plastic wastes forces us to search for final disposal technologies environmentally friendly such as pyrolysis, which becomes an interesting technique because it takes advantage of the wastes obtaining important products. In addition, catalytic pyrolysis by using commercial catalysts, e.g. such zeolites, alumina or recovered from other industrial processes, it allows decreases the activation energy and selectivity in the obtained products. In this study, we report the evaluation of the catalytic pyrolysis with a regenerated fluid catalytic cracking catalyst using thermogravimetry with polypropylene and a pyrolytic process carried out in a batch reactor with polypropylene in a 1:10 ratio (catalyst-plastic). The regeneration studies were carried using two solvents (ethanol and toluene) at different contact times, then a thermal regeneration at two heating ramps was performed and the best treatment was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and surface area analysis. The results showed a better action of the ethanol in the chemical treatment at 14 h of contact in the heat treatment due to longer gasification of the coke. The degradation process using recovered catalyst decreases the degradation temperature compared to the no-catalyst process. As a consequence, the yield of the liquid fraction decreases by 10% with greater orientation to aliphatic components.

Graphical abstract
Predicting the formation of different tissue types during Achilles tendon healing using mechanoregulated and oxygen-regulated frameworks
Authors: Notermans Thomas , Isaksson Hanna
Published: December 2022

During Achilles tendon healing in rodents, besides the expected tendon tissue, also cartilage-, bone- and fat-like tissue features have been observed during the first twenty weeks of healing. Several studies have hypothesized that mechanical loading may play a key role in the formation of different tissue types during healing. We recently developed a computational mechanobiological framework to predict tendon tissue production, organization and mechanical properties during tendon healing. In the current study, we aimed to explore possible mechanobiological related mechanisms underlying formation of other tissue types than tendon tissue during tendon healing. To achieve this, we further developed our recent framework to predict formation of different tissue types, based on mechanobiological models established in other fields, which have earlier not been applied to study tendon healing. We explored a wide range of biophysical stimuli, i.e., principal strain, hydrostatic stress, pore pressure, octahedral shear strain, fluid flow, angiogenesis and oxygen concentration, that may promote the formation of different tissue types. The numerical framework predicted spatiotemporal formation of tendon-, cartilage-, bone- and to a lesser degree fat-like tissue throughout the first twenty weeks of healing, similar to recent experimental reports. Specific features of experimental data were captured by different biophysical stimuli. Our modeling approach showed that mechanobiology may play a role in governing the formation of different tissue types that have been experimentally observed during tendon healing. This study provides a numerical tool that can contribute to a better understanding of tendon mechanobiology during healing. Developing these tools can ultimately lead to development of better rehabilitation regimens that stimulate tendon healing and prevent unwanted formation of cartilage-, fat- and bone-like tissues.
A National Strategy for Preventing Substance and Opioid Use Disorders Through Evidence-Based Prevention Programming that Fosters Healthy Outcomes in Our Youth
Authors: Fishbein Diana H. , Sloboda Zili
Published: December 2022

The recently released National Drug Control Strategy (2022) from the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) lays out a comprehensive plan to, not only enhance access to treatment and increase harm reduction strategies, but also increase implementation of evidence-based prevention programming at the community level. Furthermore, the Strategy provides a framework for enhancing our national data systems to inform policy and to evaluate all components of the plan. However, not only are there several missing components to the Strategy that would assure its success, but there is a lack of structure to support a national comprehensive service delivery system that is informed by epidemiological data, and trains and credentials those delivering evidence-based prevention, treatment, and harm reduction/public health interventions within community settings. This paper provides recommendations for the establishment of such a structure with an emphasis on prevention. Systematically addressing conditions known to increase liability for behavioral problems among vulnerable populations and building supportive environments are strategies consistently found to avert trajectories away from substance use in general and substance use disorders (SUD) in particular. Investments in this approach are expected to result in significantly lower rates of SUD in current and subsequent generations of youth and, therefore, will reduce the burden on our communities in terms of lowered social and health systems involvement, treatment needs, and productivity. A national strategy, based on strong scientific evidence, is presented to implement public health policies and prevention services. These strategies work by improving child development, supporting families, enhancing school experiences, and cultivating positive environmental conditions.
Heat projections and mortgage characteristics: evidence from the USA
Authors: Baranyai Eszter , Banai Ádám
Published: December 2022

Climate change is increasingly acknowledged as a fundamental risk to the stability of the financial system. The linkage between residential mortgage lending and local heatwave projections has hitherto received little attention in the climate finance discourse despite recognition of the detrimental effects of extreme heat on economic output measures. Through economic, demographic and other channels, future climate conditions can affect the housing market and, thus, the residential mortgage market. Moreover, the potential for contagion is high considering US residential mortgages’ key role in financial cycles and cross-border effects. First, our paper furthers conceptual and empirical understandings of the nexus between future extreme heat and lenders’ credit risk. Second, for the contiguous US states, we show that interest rates are higher and loan terms are shorter in areas forecast to experience a larger increase in the number of hot days over the coming decades after controlling for a range of factors. Rate spreads are higher still in areas where the number of hot days is projected to be extreme. It is lending from non-banks, rather than banks, that appears sensitive to the changing climate.
Linear and Non Linear Recognition for the Sorption of 60Co and 152+154Eu Radionuclides onto Bio CuO Nanocomposite
Authors: Moussa S. I. , Mekawy Zakaria A. , Dakroury G. A. , Mousa Abeer M. , Allan K. F.
Published: December 2022

A novel nanocomposite was prepared by hybridizing polyacrylic acid/maleic acid with nano copper oxide (PAACMA/CuO) for the sorption of 60Co (II) and 152+154Eu (III) radionuclides from an aqueous solution. Nano-CuO was biochemically produced by hydrolysing its salt in the presence of the Aspergillus terreus fungus. The PAACMA/CuO nanocomposite was characterized using a variety of analytical techniques. The optimum sorption conditions (pH  4.5 for 60Co and pH  3.53 for 152+154Eu, 24 h of equilibrium time at 20 oC) were applied. The kinetic mechanism of the sorption reaction was controlled by pseudo second order based on residual charts, coefficient of determination (R2), and corrected Akaike information Criterion (AICc). The sorption reaction mechanism was controlled by Langmuir model for linear regression using the coefficient of determination and the Dubinin-Radushkevich D-R model for the AICc and residual plots error functions. The reaction mechanism throughout non-linear regression was controlled by the D-R model due to the coefficient of determination, AICc, and residual charts. The PAACMA/CuO nanocomposite had a mono-layer adsorption capacity of 11.04 mg g− 1 for Co (II) and 21.54 mg g− 1 for Eu (III). According to desorption studies, Co (II) and Eu (III) could be recovered by 0.1 mol L− 1 EDTA with efficiencies 55.46% and 95.044%, respectively. According to thermodynamic studies, the sorption of Co (II) and Eu (III) on the prepared composite was endothermic and spontaneous.