bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bergson, empirismo e espírito de sistema: entre subjetividade e ciência
Authors: Pinto Débora Morato
Published: July 2019

Esse artigo defende que as ressonâncias da filosofia de Bergson no século xx francês ultrapassam a divisão estabelecida por Foucault entre as filosofias do cogito e as filosofias de sistema (ou do conceito). O impacto de sua obra tem como razão principal a capacidade de articular o retorno à experiência (em sentido ampliado) e a incorporação do trabalho de sistematização de dados realizado pelas ciências do século XIX. Tal articulação delimita o teor empirista da filosofia de Bergson, que pode ser analisado em comparação com os empiristas do XVIII. Examinamos nesse contexto como o trabalho crítico dirigido às ideias abstratas que conduzem a filosofia a perder de vista o concreto é o fator de convergência entre Bergson e Merleau-Ponty. Por outro lado, mostramos que a análise filosófica sobre a biologia evolutiva relaciona o bergsonismo ao projeto epistemológico de Canguilhem.
Dualidades freudianas nas origens da Psicanálise
Authors: Namba Janaina
Published: July 2019

O texto propõe que as relações entre psicanálise e filosofia estão postas a partir do momento em que nova ciência concebida por Freud teve de tomar distância em relação aos saberes médicos nos quais, no entanto, ela se origina. Cabe dizer que, pela natureza mesma do objeto que ela delineia em seu horizonte de conhecimento, a psicanálise não apenas recorre, desde o seu ensejo, à filosofia, mas ganha necessariamente uma dimensão filosófica.
Uma cena para a perda: vergonha e melancolia
Authors: Aires Suely
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo visa discutir a ausência de vergonha na melancolia e a satisfação dos pacientes em comunicar o desprezo por si mesmo, tal como descritos por Freud em 1917. Para tanto, segue a argumentação do ensaio Luto e Melancolia e indica os aportes conceituais necessários para a apresentação da melancolia como uma neurose narcísica, distinta da vivência de luto. Considerando que a vergonha é um afeto que se coloca na fronteira entre psíquico e social, busca refletir sobre as implicações clínicas de sua ausência na melancolia.
Desamparo e Eros na concepção do “homem civilizado” em Freud
Authors: Moura Carlos Eduardo de
Published: July 2019

Considerando-se que a oposição entre Eu-não Eu, Sujeito-Objeto, Prazer-Desprazer são os pares de opostos (tensão) que lançam o indivíduo nos mais significativos vínculos para a estruturação de sua vida anímica, deseja-se aqui pensar em uma “organização psicofisiológica” que vai desde (sob o pano de fundo da experiência do desamparo) os estímulos pulsionais aos destinos das pulsões (de modo que a constituição do mundo real não se torne uma mera abstração). É nesse “circuito de investimentos” que a natureza biológica desse pulsional transbordará — eis o que se procurará defender — para um universo simbólico instanciado pela presença de outros seres humanos. Por fim, defender-se-á que é no cerne da dinâmica das moções pulsionais que o individual encontrar-se-á vinculado (fatalmente) aos enigmas das “psiques de massa”: trata-se da relação entre necessidade e satisfação (indivíduo biológico) e as exigências da comunidade (cultura, tempo socializado).
Cinismo e preconceito: uma homologia com o fetichismo freudiano em The Authoritarian Personality
Authors: Costa Virginia Helena Ferreia da
Published: July 2019

O trabalho aborda o cinismo do tipo antropológico autoritário de The Authoritarian Personality em homologia com o fetichismo descrito por Freud. Metapsicologicamente, é trabalhado o problema da síntese do eu e cisão interna a tal instância, bem como a externalização do superego. Sendo este sujeito massificado e esclarecido, a assunção de discursos morais contraditórios na mesma estrutura psíquica possibilitaria a manutenção de preconceito e autoritarismo em ambientes democráticos mediante racionalizações.
O elemento inconsciente na literatura e na filosofia (1921)
Authors: Cornford Fracis
Published: July 2019

Tradução em português de:

CORNFORD, Francis M. (1950). “The Unconscious Element in Literature and Philosophy (1921)”, In: The Unwritten Philosophy and Other Essays, edited by W. K. C. Guthrie, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-13.
Quantitative Myocardial Perfusion in Fabry Disease
Authors: Knott Kristopher D. , Augusto Joao B. , Nordin Sabrina , Kozor Rebecca , Camaioni Claudia , Xue Hui , Hughes Rebecca K. , Manisty Charlotte , Brown Louise A.E. , Kellman Peter , Ramaswami Uma , Hughes Derralyn , Plein Sven , Moon James C.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disease resulting in tissue accumulation of sphingolipids. Key myocardial processes that lead to adverse outcomes in FD include storage, hypertrophy, inflammation, and fibrosis. These are quantifiable by multiparametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Recent developments in cardiovascular magnetic resonance perfusion mapping allow rapid in-line perfusion quantification permitting broader clinical application, including the assessment of microvascular dysfunction. We hypothesized that microvascular dysfunction in FD would be associated with storage, fibrosis, and edema.

Methods:

A prospective, observational study of 44 FD patients (49 years, 43% male, 24 [55%] with left ventricular hypertrophy [LVH]) and 27 healthy controls with multiparametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance including vasodilator stress perfusion mapping. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured and its associations with other processes investigated.

Results:

Compared with LVH− FD, LVH+ FD had higher left ventricular ejection fraction (73% versus 68%), more late gadolinium enhancement (85% versus 15%), and a lower stress MBF (1.76 versus 2.36 mL/g per minute). The reduction in stress MBF was more pronounced in the subendocardium than subepicardium. LVH− FD had lower stress MBF than controls (2.36 versus 3.00 mL/g per minute;
P
=0.002). Across all FD, late gadolinium enhancement and low native T1 were independently associated with reduced stress MBF. On a per-segment basis, stress MBF was independently associated with wall thickness, T2, extracellular volume fraction, and late gadolinium enhancement.

Conclusions:

FD patients have reduced perfusion, particularly in the subendocardium with greater reductions with LVH, storage, edema, and scar. Perfusion is reduced even without LVH suggesting it is an early disease marker.
Multi‐Site Coronary Vein Sampling Study on Cardiac Troponin T Degradation in Non–ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Toward a More Specific Cardiac Troponin T Assay
Authors: Damen Sander A. J. , Vroemen Wim H. M. , Brouwer Marc A. , Mezger Stephanie T. P. , Suryapranata Harry , van Royen Niels , Bekers Otto , Meex Steven J. R. , Wodzig Will K. W. H. , Verheugt Freek W. A. , de Boer Douwe , Cramer G. Etienne , Mingels Alma M. A.
Published: July 2019

Background

Cardiac troponin T (
cTnT
) is seen in many other conditions besides myocardial infarction, and recent studies demonstrated distinct forms of
cTnT
. At present, the in vivo formation of these different
cTnT
forms is incompletely understood. We therefore performed a study on the composition of
cTnT
during the course of myocardial infarction, including coronary venous system sampling, close to its site of release.

Methods and Results

Baseline samples were obtained from multiple coronary venous system locations, and a peripheral artery and vein in 71 non–
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients. Additionally, peripheral blood was drawn at 6‐ and 12‐hours postcatheterization.
cTnT
concentrations were measured using the high‐sensitivity‐
cTnT
immunoassay. The
cTnT
composition was determined via gel filtration chromatography and Western blotting in an early and late presenting patient. High‐sensitivity ‐
cTnT
concentrations were 28% higher in the coronary venous system than peripherally (n=71,
P
<0.001). Coronary venous system samples demonstrated
cT
n T‐I‐C complex, free intact
cTnT
, and 29
kD
a and 15 to 18
kD
a
cTnT
fragments, all in higher concentrations than in simultaneously obtained peripheral samples. While
cT
n T‐I‐C complex proportionally decreased, and disappeared over time, 15 to 18
kD
a
cTnT
fragments increased. Moreover,
cT
n T‐I‐C complex was more prominent in the early than in the late presenting patient.

Conclusions

This explorative study in non–
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction shows that
cTnT
is released from cardiomyocytes as a combination of
cT
n T‐I‐C complex, free intact
cTnT
, and multiple
cTnT
fragments indicating intracellular
cTnT
degradation. Over time, the
cT
n T‐I‐C complex disappeared because of in vivo degradation. These insights might serve as a stepping stone toward a high‐sensitivity‐
cTnT
immunoassay more specific for myocardial infarction.
Isaac Casaubon and Greek Scholarship in the Low Countries
Authors: Tournoy Gilbert
Published: July 2019

This contribution focuses on the relationship between Isaac Casaubon and a few humanist scholars from the Low Countries, who were interested in the search for manuscripts and the edition of Greek authors, particularly the Fathers of the Church: Bonaventura Vulcanius, Andreas Schottus, Petrus Pantinus.
Ongoing invasions of old-growth tropical forests: establishment of three incestuous beetle species in southern Central America (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Authors: KIRKENDALL LAWRENCE R. , ØDEGAARD FRODE
Published: July 2019

Old-growth tropical forests are widely believed to be immune to the establishment of alien species. Collections from tropical regions throughout the world, however, have established that this generalization does not apply to inbreeding host generalist bark and ambrosia beetles. Scolytine saproxylophages are readily spread by shipping, inbreeders can easily establish new populations, and host generalists readily find new breeding material, apparently regardless of stage of forest succession. Consequently, many inbreeding scolytines are globally distributed and abundant in all forest types, often being among the dominant species in their wood-borer communities. We report the recent introductions to lower Central America of two Old World inbreeding ambrosia beetles: Xylosandrus crassiusculus, which breeds primarily in smaller diameter trunks, small branches, and twigs, and Xyleborinus exiguus, which is apparently not size selective. We also document the establishment of Euwallacea fornicatus in the region, known previously from a single collection in Panama. Xylosandrus crassiusculus and E. fornicatus are notorious agricultural and forestry pests, as are several previously established alien species in the region. Studying the spread of species such as these three new arrivals into millions of years-old faunas could help us to understand if the saproxylic communities of old-growth tropical forests are peculiarly vulnerable to invasion.
A brief review of Triplophysa (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae) species from the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, China, with description of a new species
Authors: LI JINLU , LIU NAIFA , YANG JUNXING
Published: July 2019

Recent fieldwork allows a revision of the loaches of the genus Triplophysa inhabiting the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, China. Eleven species were previously recorded. T. stewarti is a new record. Triplophysa papilloso-labiatus should be regarded as a valid species name. Triplophysa laterimaculata sp. n. was collected from the Kezile River, a tributary of the Tarim River, Kashigar City, Xinjiang on August 22, 2004. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of the characters: body compressed posteriorly; origin of dorsal fin closer to caudal base than to snout tip; pelvic fin insertion below 2 nd– 3 rd branched dorsal rays, fins extending beyond anus or nearly reaching anal fin origin; caudal fin slightly emarginate; body scaleless; lateral line complete; lips thick with strong furrows and papillae remarkable at mouth angle; anterior margin of lower lip covering anterior margin of lower jaw; intestine with 2 coils; free posterior portion of air bladder nearly equal to eye diameter, connecting to anterior encapsulated portion with long tube.
Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: The Phyllophorinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phyllophorinae)
Authors: RENTZ DCF , SU YOU NING , UESHIMA NORIHIRO
Published: July 2019

A survey of Australian Phyllophorinae is presented. The entire fauna is represented by two species in two genera. Siliquofera grandis Blanchard, a species widely distributed in Papua New Guinea, is recorded from Iron Range, Queensland. Phyllophorella queenslandica Rentz, Su, Ueshima sp. nov. is described from Kuranda, Queensland and recorded from several localities on the Cape York peninsula. The unusual habits of the subfamily are discussed and the equally unusual karyotype of Phyllophorella queenslandica Rentz, Su, Ueshima sp. nov. is presented.
New species, taxonomic notes, and records for Agrilus Curtis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) of México and the United States
Authors: HESPENHEIDE HENRY A. , BELLAMY CHARLES L. L.
Published: July 2019

The following new species and subspecies of the genus Agrilus are described: A. rifkindi Hespenheide, New Species, A. rifkindi pueblae Hespenheide, New Subspecies, A. obrienorum Hespenheide, New Species, A. giesberti Hespenheide, New Species, A. anthaxioides Hespenheide, New Species, A. leucaenae Hespenheide, New Species, A. chrysobothroides Hespenheide, New Species, A. paramacer Hespenheide, New Species, and A. parkinsoniae Hespenheide, New Species. Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer is removed from synonymy and considered a distinct subspecies of A. coxalis Waterhouse, A. coxalis auroguttatus, New Status. New collection records are given for Agrilus connisalis Obenberger and A. sublateralis Waterhouse. Agrilus balaenicaudus Westcott & Noguera is considered to be a synonym of A. langei Obenberger, New Synonymy; A. jaliscoanus Westcott & Noguera is considered to be a synonym of A. sublateralis, New Synonymy. Corrected type depositories and additional records are given for Agrilus howdenorum Hespenheide.
New Pieza Evenhuis (Diptera, Mythicomyiidae, Mythicomyiinae) from Northeast Brazil
Authors: MENDES LUANNA L. , LAMAS CARLOS J.E. , EVENHUIS NEAL L. , LIMEIRA-DE-OLIVEIRA FRANCISCO
Published: July 2019

The genus Pieza Evenhuis, 2002 has 11 known species but only one recorded from Brazil. In this paper, eight new species, P. ankh sp. nov., P. aurislepus sp. nov., P. bittencourti sp. nov., P. parakake sp. nov., P. parnasecon sp. nov., P. rafaeli sp. nov., P. silvanae sp. nov. and P. yeatesi sp. nov., are described from Maranhão and Piauí in the Northeast of Brazil. A key to genera of Mythicomyiinae of the world (modified from Rafael and Limeira-de-Oliveira 2014) and the Brazilian species of Pieza is provided. In addition, a distribution map for the Brazilian species of Pieza is presented.
A new species of Aethiopella Handschin, 1942 (Collembola, Poduromorpha, Neanuridae) from Neotropical Region, with comments on the genus
Authors: PAZ RAIANE VITAL DA , QUEIROZ GABRIEL COSTA , BELLINI BRUNO CAVALCANTE
Published: July 2019

Aethiopella Handschin, 1942 as other Pseudachorutinae (Neanuridae) presents a diagnosis with overlapping characters when compared to other similar genera, especially Halachorutes Arlé, 1966, Ceratrimeria Börner, 1906 and Pseudachorutes Tullberg, 1871. This condition, combined to several gaps on the knowledge of described species and a wide range of morphological differences within the genus, reinforces the need of its revision, since it can be an artificial group. In spite of that, a new species, Aethiopella ricardoi sp. nov., is described and illustrated. It resembles the other five Neotropical taxa of Aethiopella but is unique by the combination of fourth antennal segment with trilobed apical bulb and 7 dorsal sensilla, lack of dorsolateral S-microchaeta (ms); postantennal organ with 13–19 vesicles; mandibles with 7–8 teeth; maxillae apically hooked; and tibiotarsi I–III with 19/19/18 chaetae, respectively, with M chaeta slightly basally displaced. We also present an updated diagnosis of Aethiopella based on current knowledge of Pseudachorutinae, a table comparing all species, a key to Neotropical taxa and remarks on the genus.
Analysis and Classification of Liquid Samples Using Spatial Heterodyne Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Gojani Ardian B. , Palásti Dávid J. , Paul Andrea , Galbács Gábor , Gornushkin Igor B.
Published: July 2019

Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) is used for quantitative analysis and classification of liquid samples. SHS is a version of a Michelson interferometer with no moving parts and with diffraction gratings in place of mirrors. The instrument converts frequency-resolved information into a spatially resolved one and records it in the form of interferograms. The back-extraction of spectral information is done by the fast Fourier transform. A SHS instrument is constructed with the resolving power 5000 and spectral range 522–593 nm. Two original technical solutions are used as compared to previous SHS instruments: the use of a high-frequency diode-pumped solid-state laser for excitation of Raman spectra and a microscope-based collection system. Raman spectra are excited at 532 nm at the repetition rate 80 kHz. Raman shifts between 330 cm−1 and 1600 cm−1 are measured. A new application of SHS is demonstrated: for the first time, it is used for quantitative Raman analysis to determine concentrations of cyclohexane in isopropanol and glycerol in water. Two calibration strategies are employed: univariate based on the construction of a calibration plot and multivariate based on partial least squares regression. The detection limits for both cyclohexane in isopropanol and glycerol in water are at a 0.5 mass% level. In addition to the Raman–SHS chemical analysis, classification of industrial oils (biodiesel, poly(1-decene), gasoline, heavy oil IFO380, polybutenes, and lubricant) is performed using the Raman–fluorescence spectra of the oils and principal component analysis. The oils are easily discriminated showing distinct non-overlapping patterns in the principal component space.
Perceived Illegality of the Body: Reclaiming the Space in Nagaland
Authors: Achumi Ilito H.
Published: July 2019

The article is premised upon the production and reproduction of the idea of the ‘illegality’ on the subject matter of migration in Nagaland, India. Lynching of Syed Sarif Khan at Dimapur on 5 March 2015 encounters multiple narratives relevant to the current issue of sexual violence against women, migration, security and identity politics. Northeast as a sociopolitical site has produced extensive works on how Northeast India has been marginalised historically. On the contrary, the article looks inside rather than outward to see how we also marginalise the ‘other’. Reclaiming the space, cleansing the subject of the illegal, conducting flush-out operations and creating the illegal child of the state called ‘sumiyas’ are some of the key discussions on the constructs of who are included and who are excluded in the ‘imagined’ and ‘real’ community of the Nagas.
Identity-Blind Intervention: Examining Teachers’ Attention to Social Identity in the Context of Response to Intervention
Authors: Gomez-Najarro Joyce
Published: July 2019

Limited qualitative work has examined how response to intervention (RTI) is shaping teachers’ understandings of intervention, the premise for conversation about referral, when serving diverse learners. In this case study, I use the lenses of Cultural-Historical Activity Theory and intersectionality to examine (a) how educators at one public elementary school are attending to student identity in the context of RTI implementation, and (b) how RTI is mediating teachers’ approaches to academic intervention. Findings indicate that teachers struggled to develop differentiated, culturally relevant approaches to intervention. The results hold implications for the preparation of teachers to serve diverse learners using RTI.
Media and Education Effect on Impaired Driving Associated With Alcohol Service
Authors: George Michael D. , Bodiford Ashley , Humphries Caroline , Stoneburner Kristy A. , Holder Harold D.
Published: July 2019

This study tested a three-component community prevention intervention with alcohol businesses to reduce alcohol overservice and to reduce drinking and driving crashes using a longitudinal design. The intervention involved a responsible beverage serving practices toolkit, a series of on-site visits from law enforcement, and a supporting media campaign. The effort achieved a reduction in the monthly percentage of drivers arrested for driving under the influence who cited the alcohol-licensed establishments as the place of last drink, and the number of establishments mentioned 2+ times as well as a decline in alcohol-involved crashes in the 12-month postintervention period. Results supported a conclusion that the intensive intervention media can achieve a reduction in the frequency with which drinking drivers utilized bars and restaurants and overall impaired driving-related crashes.
Causation in Securities and Financial Product Disclosure Cases: An Analysis and Critique
Authors: Saunders Benjamin B
Published: July 2019

This article critically examines the approach adopted by the courts to causation in securities and financial product disclosure cases, where a plaintiff alleges loss as a result of defective disclosure by a product issuer. The article argues that the reliance approach should be rejected as the sole approach to causation in securities and financial product disclosure cases. The article gives two principal arguments in support of this claim. Firstly, the reliance approach, by insisting that causation may only be established by proving reliance on the disclosure document, implicitly assumes a ‘rational choice’ approach to investor decision-making which, as demonstrated by a significant body of behavioural research, does not accurately reflect the reality of investor decision-making. Secondly, the reliance approach sits at odds with other developments in securities cases and misleading and deceptive conduct jurisprudence. I argue that the courts should recognise that causation may potentially be demonstrated in a variety of ways other than reliance on the disclosure document, including reliance on sources such as communications from financial advisers, newspapers, online sources, briefings, investor roadshows, social media and other marketing practices.
Intraocular Pressure–dependent Corneal Elasticity Measurement Using High-frequency Ultrasound
Authors: Osapoetra Laurentius O. , Watson Dan M. , McAleavey Stephen A.
Published: July 2019

Measurement of corneal biomechanical properties can aid in predicting corneal responses to diseases and surgeries. For delineation of spatially resolved distribution of corneal elasticity, high-resolution elastography system is required. In this study, we demonstrate a high-resolution elastography system using high-frequency ultrasound for ex-vivo measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP)-dependent corneal wave speed. Tone bursts of 500 Hz vibrations were generated on the corneal surface using an electromagnetic shaker. A 35-MHz single-element transducer was used to track the resulting anti-symmetrical Lamb wave in the cornea. We acquired spatially resolved wave speed images of the cornea at IOPs of 7, 11, 15, 18, 22, and 29 mmHg. The IOP dependence of corneal wave speed is apparent from these images. Statistical analysis of measured wave speed as a function of IOP revealed a linear relation between wave speed and IOP cs = 0.37 + 0.22 × IOP, with the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.86. We also observed depth-dependent variations of wave speed in the cornea, decreasing from anterior toward posterior. This depth dependence is more pronounced at higher IOP values. This study demonstrates the potential of high-frequency ultrasound elastography in the characterization of spatially resolved corneal biomechanical properties.
Leisure Time Physical Activity Mediates the Relationship Between Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Mental Health Among Older Adults
Authors: Kim Jaehyun , Kim Junhyoung , Han Areum
Published: July 2019

Neighborhood social cohesion can contribute to leisure time physical activity (LTPA) involvement and psychological well-being. In spite of the value of neighborhood social cohesion for health benefits, there is a dearth of empirical study that explores how neighborhood social cohesion influences LTPA and mental health among older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association among neighborhood social cohesion, light-to-moderate and vigorous LTPA, and mental health in a representative sample of U.S. older adults ( n = 6,412). Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that older adults who perceived neighborhood social cohesion were more likely to participate in light-to-moderate and vigorous LTPA, which in turn resulted in better mental health. This study confirmed the importance of neighborhood social cohesion in promoting older adults’ health-related behaviors and mental health. The practical implications on how to promote mental health among older adults, as well as future research directions were discussed.
Type of Traumatic Events, Mental Health Problems, and Posttraumatic Cognitions Among Eastern Anatolian Women
Authors: Sezgin A. Ufuk , Punamäki Raija-Leena
Published: July 2019

Both severity and type of trauma play a role in mental health consequences. Interpersonal trauma, especially sexual abuse and intentional assaultive violence, form a risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, few studies have factually compared the impact of trauma types on mental health. This study examined whether interpersonal violence (IPV), natural disasters and accidents (NDA), and life-threat and war (LTW) are differently associated with mental health problems among women. It further examined the mediating role of posttraumatic cognitions (PTCs) among the abovementioned three types of traumatic events and mental health problems. The participants were 1,569 Eastern Anatolian women (16-72 years of age). Traumatic events were assessed with the Life Events Checklist (LEC), mental health with the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for PTSD, psychiatric distress symptoms with the GHQ-28 (General Health Questionnaire) scales, and PTCs with the self-related and other-related scales of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI). As hypothesized, IPV was more significantly associated with PTSD, anxiety, and somatization symptoms than with NDA. The LTW was significantly associated with all symptoms. Both self-related and other-related PTCs partially mediated the association of both IPV and NDA with mental health problems. The findings are discussed from the perspectives of women and human rights, emphasizing also the importance of cognitive processing of traumatic experiences in enhancing good mental health.
A numerical study of snow accumulation on the bogies of high-speed trains based on coupling improved delayed detached eddy simulation and discrete phase model
Authors: Liu Mingyang , Wang Jiabin , Zhu Huifen , Krajnovic Sinisa , Gao Guangjun
Published: July 2019

A numerical simulation method based on the improved delayed detached eddy simulation coupled with a discrete phase model is used to study the influence of the snow on the performance of bogies of a high-speed train running in snowy weather. The snow particle trajectories, mass of snow packing on the bogie, and thickness of snow accumulation have been analyzed to investigate the flow mechanisms of snow accumulation on different parts of the bogies. The results show that the snow accumulation on the first bogie of the head vehicle is almost the same as that of the second bogie, but the total accumulated snow on the top side of the second bogie is more than 74% higher than that of the first bogie. Among all the components of the bogies, the motors were found to be strongly influenced by the snow accumulation. The underlying flow mechanisms responsible for the snow accumulations are discussed.
Latent growth modeling of IRT versus CTT measured longitudinal latent variables
Authors: Gorter R , Fox J-P , Riet G Ter , Heymans MW , Twisk JWR
Published: July 2019

Latent growth models are often used to measure individual trajectories representing change over time. The characteristics of the individual trajectories depend on the variability in the longitudinal outcomes. In many medical and epidemiological studies, the individual health outcomes cannot be observed directly and are indirectly observed through indicators (i.e. items of a questionnaire). An item response theory or a classical test theory measurement model is required, but the choice can influence the latent growth estimates. In this study, under various conditions, this influence is directly assessed by estimating latent growth parameters on a common scale for item response theory and classical test theory using a novel plausible value method in combination with Markov chain Monte Carlo. The latent outcomes are considered missing data and plausible values are generated from the corresponding posterior distribution, separately for item response theory and classical test theory. These plausible values are linearly transformed to a common scale. A Markov chain Monte Carlo method was developed to simultaneously estimate the latent growth and measurement model parameters using this plausible value technique. It is shown that estimated individual trajectories using item response theory, compared to classical test theory to measure outcomes, provide a more detailed description of individual change over time, since item response patterns (item response theory) are more informative about the health measurements than sum scores (classical test theory).
Collagen VII Expression Is Required in Both Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts for Anchoring Fibril Formation in Bilayer Engineered Skin Substitutes
Authors: Supp Dorothy M. , Hahn Jennifer M. , Combs Kelly A. , McFarland Kevin L. , Schwentker Ann , Boissy Raymond E. , Boyce Steven T. , Powell Heather M. , Lucky Anne W.
Published: July 2019

The blistering disease recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding collagen VII (COL7), which forms anchoring fibrils that attach the epidermis to the dermis. Cutaneous gene therapy to restore COL7 expression in RDEB patient cells has been proposed, and cultured epithelial autograft containing COL7-modified keratinocytes was previously tested in clinical trials. Because COL7 in normal skin is expressed in both fibroblasts and keratinocytes, cutaneous gene therapy using a bilayer skin substitute may enable faster restoration of anchoring fibrils. Hypothetically, COL7 expression in either dermal fibroblasts or epidermal keratinocytes might be sufficient for functional anchoring fibril formation in a bilayer skin substitute. To test this, engineered skin substitutes (ESS) were prepared using four combinations of normal + RDEB cells: (1) RDEB fibroblasts + RDEB keratinocytes; (2) RDEB fibroblasts + normal keratinocytes; (3) normal fibroblasts + RDEB keratinocytes; and (4) normal fibroblasts + normal keratinocytes. ESS were incubated in vitro for 2 weeks prior to grafting to full-thickness wounds in immunodeficient mice. Biopsies were analyzed in vitro and at 1, 2, or 3 weeks after grafting. COL7 was undetectable in ESS prepared using all RDEB cells (group 1), and macroscopic blistering was observed by 2 weeks after grafting in ESS containing RDEB cells. COL7 was expressed, in vitro and in vivo, in ESS prepared using combinations of normal + RDEB cells (groups 2 and 3) or all normal cells (group 4). However, transmission electron microscopy revealed structurally normal anchoring fibrils, in vitro and by week 2 in vivo, only in ESS prepared using all normal cells (group 4). The results suggest that although COL7 protein is produced in engineered skin when cells in only one layer express the COL7 gene, formation of structurally normal anchoring fibrils appears to require expression of COL7 in both dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes.
Hopeful Cross-Cultural Encounters to Support Student Well-Being and Graduate Attributes in Higher Education
Authors: Daddow Angela , Cronshaw Darren , Daddow Newton , Sandy Ruth
Published: July 2019

The impetus to ensure Australian students, once enrolled, complete their university qualification has become more pressing. Student retention impacts funding in a tight fiscal environment and is used as a benchmark for quality performance. Evidence of increased levels of psychological distress in university students threatens this retention. Risks to student well-being can be compounded for diverse and international students with vulnerabilities that include social isolation, negotiating cultural difference, and marginalization. This article reports on the evaluation of an extracurricular program available to all students in an Australian university that enabled respectful interfaith and cross-cultural dialogue, called Finding Common Ground. The program sought to reduce social isolation, support mature religious expression, counter marginalization, and strengthen graduate attributes. The research highlighted hopeful and surprising cross-cultural encounters, impacted positively on student well-being, enhanced cross-cultural learning, and disrupted the propensity for polarization or “silence” in university (and social) discourse on religious beliefs.
Partial closure of the periodic system of variable width bridged slits in an isotropic medium under compression
Authors: Mirsalimov Vagif M
Published: July 2019

The problem of compression of an isotropic medium by a periodic system of variable width slits comparable with elastic deformations is considered. The slit faces are under internal pressure. It is considered that the slits have end zones wherein material's tractions act. It is accepted that interaction of the slit's surface under applied loads may reduce the formation of contact zones of their surfaces. The formation of several contact areas of faces of each slit is studied. Therewith, it is considered that on some parts of a contact area there happens stick of the faces, on the remaining part there may happen slippage. The problem of equilibrium of a periodic system of slits with partially contacting faces under compressing load is reduced to the problem of linear conjugation of analytic functions. Determination of unknown parameters characterizing partial closing of a periodic system of variable width slits is reduced to the solution of the system of singular integro-differential equations. The contact stresses, the tractions in bonds between the slit faces in the end zones, the sizes of the contact areas, the adhesion and end zones are studied.
A.R. Luria’s cultural neuropsychology in the 21st century
Authors: Kotik-Friedgut Bella , Ardila Alfredo
Published: July 2019

Luria has long been one of the most influential authors in cognitive neurosciences, in particular in neuropsychology. New scientific advances and clinical observations have confirmed many of his proposals and hypotheses. In this paper one of his major ideas is analyzed: the influence of cultural factors on human cognition. The systemic-dynamic Lurian analysis of brain activity is based on Vygotsky's concept of higher mental functions, which are social in origin and complex and dynamic in their structure. Higher mental functions are based on a complex system of operations and means both external and internal. Living conditions and hence cultural characteristics have dramatically changed during the last half century with the development of new media and new virtual ways of communication. Review of contemporary developments supporting the appropriateness and usefulness of these concepts is presented. It is finally concluded that Luria is one of the major founders of contemporary neuropsychology not only from the clinical point of view, but also from the cultural perspective. His influence has continued undiminished during the 21st century.
What are we targeting when we treat autism spectrum disorder? A systematic review of 406 clinical trials
Authors: Provenzani Umberto , Fusar-Poli Laura , Brondino Natascia , Damiani Stefano , Vercesi Marco , Meyer Nicholas , Rocchetti Matteo , Politi Pierluigi
Published: July 2019

The number of trials aimed at evaluating treatments for autism spectrum disorder has been increasing progressively. However, it is not clear which outcome measures should be used to assess their efficacy, especially for treatments which target core symptoms. The present review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview regarding the outcome measures used in clinical trials for people with autism spectrum disorder. We systematically searched the Web of KnowledgeSM database between 1980 and 2016 to identify published controlled trials investigating the efficacy of interventions in autism spectrum disorder. We included 406 trials in the final database, from which a total of 327 outcome measures were identified. Only seven scales were used in more than 5% of the studies, among which only three measured core symptoms (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, and Social Responsiveness Scale). Of note, 69% of the tools were used in the literature only once. Our systematic review has shown that the evaluation of efficacy in intervention trials for autism spectrum disorder relies on heterogeneous and often non-specific tools for this condition. The fragmentation of tools may significantly hamper the comparisons between studies and thus the discovery of effective treatments for autism spectrum disorder. Greater consensus regarding the choice of these measures should be reached.
Echocardiographic association of epicardial fat with carotid intima–media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yafei Saeed , Elsewy Fathy , Youssef Eman , Ayman Mohamed , Elshafei Mohamed , Abayazeed Rasha
Published: July 2019

Background:

Epicardial fat is recognized as active endocrine organ and as emerging risk factor for cardio-metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between epicardial fat and carotid intima–media thickness in type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods:

Epicardial fat thickness was measured in 76 type 2 diabetes patients without clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and 30 age- and sex-matched controls. In addition to laboratory tests, all patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography for epicardial fat thickness and ultrasonographic examination of carotid intima–media thickness.

Results:

Patients with diabetes had higher epicardial fat thickness and carotid intima–media thickness than those of the controls (6.23 ± 1.27 mm vs 4.6 ± 1.03 mm, p < 0.001 and 0.77 ± 0.150 mm vs 0.58 ± 0.08 mm, p < 0.001, respectively). Epicardial fat thickness was correlated significantly with age, duration of type 2 diabetes, body mass index, waist circumference, HbA1c, carotid intima–media thickness, Homeostasis Model Assessment Index for insulin resistance and lipid profile in the type 2 diabetic patients. Stepwise regression analysis showed that carotid intima–media thickness, duration of diabetes, triglyceride and body mass index were the independent predictors of epicardial fat thickness, with carotid intima–media thickness the most important predictor ( β = 3.078, t = 4.058, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was done and cut-off high-risk epicardial fat thickness value of 6.1 mm was determined with a sensitivity and specificity of 71.4% and 72%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Patients with type 2 diabetes have higher carotid intima–media thickness and epicardial fat thickness. Epicardial fat thickness was found to be a strong predictor of subclinical atherosclerosis.
Beyond the Migrant “Problem”: Visualizing Global Migration
Authors: Risam Roopika
Published: July 2019

An area that has received comparatively little attention, in both postcolonial digital humanities and its overlap with studies of media and migration, is how geo-spatial data visualizations contribute to the othering of the migrant and how they can be used, in turn, to challenge the instantiation of the migrant as a “problem.” Positioning data visualizations of migration as a narrative genre, this article considers how data visualizations of migration reinforce the trope of migrant-as-problem and how they might resist this inscription. Through multimodal rhetorical analysis of data visualizations of migration, I examine the interplay of written-linguistic, visual, and spatial modes of communication deployed in two approaches to visualizing migration and propose that the contexts of collaboration behind their composition influence their representation of the migrant as a “problem” and hold the power to resist this narrative.
Rapid prototyping of cognitive agent simulations using C-BML transformations
Authors: Topçu Okan , Yilmaz Levent
Published: July 2019

Simulating battle management is an essential technique used in planning and mission rehearsal as well as training. Simulation development costs tend to be high due to the complexity of cognitive system architectures in such applications. Due to this complexity, it takes significant effort for a simulation developer to comprehend the problem domain enough to capture accurately in a simulation code. Domain-specific languages (DSL) play an important role in narrowing the communication gap between the domain user and the developer and hence facilitate rapid development. In command and control (C2) applications, the coalition battle management language (C-BML) serves as a DSL for exchanging battle information among C2 systems, simulations, and autonomous elements. In this article, we use a rapid prototyping framework for cognitive agents and demonstrate deployment of agent systems by adopting the model driven engineering approach. To this end, we extend the use of C-BML and automatically transform it in a cognitive agent model, which is then used for adaptive decision making at runtime. As a result, during a simulation run, it is possible to initialize and modify an agent’s goal reasoning model. The cognitive agent models are based on the deliberative coherence theory, which provides a goal reasoning system in terms of coherence-driven agents.
Resource allocation in heterogeneous cognitive radio sensor networks
Authors: Al-Medhwahi Mohammed , Hashim Fazirulhisyam , Ali Borhanuddin Mohd , Sali A , Alkholidi Abdulsalam
Published: July 2019

Cognitive radio sensor networks offer a promising means of meeting rapidly expanding demand for wireless sensor network applications in new monitoring and objects tracking fields. Several challenges, particularly in terms of quality of service provisioning, arise because of the inherited capability-limitation of end-sensor nodes. In this article, an efficient resource allocation scheme, improved Pliable Cognitive Medium Access Protocol, is proposed to tackle multilevel of heterogeneity in cognitive radio sensor networks. The first level is the network’s application heterogeneity, and the second level is the heterogeneity of the radio environment. The proposed scheme addresses scheduling and radio channel allocation issues. Allocation-decision making is centralized, whereas spectrum sensing is distributed, thereby increasing efficiency and limiting interference. Despite the limited capabilities of the sensor’s networks, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme also includes increasing the opportunity to utilize a wider range of the radio spectrum. improved Pliable Cognitive Medium Access protocol is quite appropriate for critical communications that gain attention in the next 5G of wireless networks. Simulation results and the comparison of the proposed protocol with other protocols indicate the robust performance of the proposed scheme. The results reveal the significant effectiveness, with only a slight trade-off in terms of complexity.
Endovascular treatment of intracranial ‘blister’ and dissecting aneurysms
Authors: Kaschner Marius G , Kraus Bastian , Petridis Athanasios , Turowski Bernd
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Blister and dissecting aneurysms may have a different pathological background but they are commonly defined by instability of the vessel wall and bear a high risk of fatal rupture and rerupture. Lack of aneurysm sack makes treatment challenging.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of endovascular treatment of intracranial blister and dissecting aneurysms.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed all patients with ruptured and unruptured blister and dissecting aneurysms treated endovascularly between 2004–2018. Procedural details, complications, morbidity/mortality, clinical favourable outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≤2) and aneurysm occlusion rates were assessed.

Results

Thirty-four patients with endovascular treatment of 35 aneurysms (26 dissecting aneurysms and 9 blister aneurysms) were included. Five aneurysms were treated by parent vessel occlusion, and 30 aneurysms were treated by vessel reconstruction using stent monotherapy ( n = 9), stent-assisted coiling ( n = 7), flow diverting stents ( n = 13) and coiling + Onyx embolization ( n = 1). No aneurysm rebleeding and no procedure-related major complications or deaths occurred. There were five deaths in consequence of initial subarachnoid haemorrhage. Complete occlusion (79.2%) was detected in 19/24 aneurysms available for angiographic follow-up, and aneurysm recurrence in 2/24 (8.3%). The modified Rankin Scale ≤2 rate at mean follow-up of 15.1 months was 64.7%.

Conclusion

Treatment of blister and dissecting aneurysms developed from coil embolization to flow diversion with multiple stents to the usage of flow diverting stents. Results using modern flow diverting stents encourage us to effectively treat this aneurysm entity endovascularly by vessel reconstruction. Therefore, we recommend preference of vessel reconstructive techniques to parent vessel occlusion.
Strenuous occupational physical activity: Potential association with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk
Authors: Shah Idrees Ayoub , Bhat Gulzar Ahmad , Rafiq Rumaisa , Nissa Najma , Muzaffar Mansha , Rasool Malik Tariq , Lone Mohd Maqbool , Lone Ghulam Nabi , Boffetta Paolo , Dar Nazir Ahmad
Published: July 2019

Objective:

The impact of recreational physical activity (RPA) on cancer risk has been extensively studied. However, the association of occupational physical activity (OPA), which differs in dose and intensity from RPA, with different cancers including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), has received less attention.

Materials and methods:

We conducted a hospital-based case–control study in Kashmir, India, majorly a rural population, to evaluate the association of OPA with ESCC risk. Histopathologically confirmed 703 ESCC cases and 1664 controls, individually matched to the respective cases for age, sex and district of residence, were recruited.

Main outcome measures:

Information on type, duration and intensity of physical activity was obtained in face-to-face interviews with participants using a structured questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Body mass index was unable to be accounted for in the analysis.

Results:

A high level of OPA was associated with increased ESCC risk (OR = 2.17, 95% CI; 1.41–3.32), compared to subjects with moderate OPA. The association with ESCC risk was stronger in strenuous workers (OR = 3.64, 95% CI; 2.13–6.20). The association of strenuous OPA with ESCC risk persisted only in subjects that were involved in strenuous activities for equal to or greater than five days/week.

Conclusions:

Our study suggests a possible association of strenuous OPA with ESCC risk. Although our results were adjusted for multiple factors, including indicators of socioeconomic status, more replicative occupational epidemiological studies are needed to rule out any residual confounding.