bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced manufacturing in heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Kanitkar S. R. , Dutta B. , Abedin Md. A. , Bai X. , Haynes D. J.
Published: March 2024

Heterogeneous catalysis is one of the major pillars of the chemical and refining industry that has evolved significantly from the need for more efficient and sustainable industrial processes. Advanced manufacturing will play an important role in driving this evolution through its ability to create or design more favourable interactions with catalytic components that can result in more active and stable catalysts, efficient catalytic processes, and sustainable reaction systems. This chapter provides an overview of recent progress that covers various catalyst coating methods, application of 3D printing in catalytic supports and reactor components, and process intensification through additive manufacturing. The work also provides a brief overview on artificial intelligence/machine learning in heterogeneous catalysis that is helping to make/screen catalysts more efficiently. The work further highlights the impacts and challenges of implementing advanced manufacturing methods.
Chemical transformations using GaN-based catalysts
Authors: Han Jing-Tan , Tan Lida , Su Hui , Li Chao-Jun
Published: March 2024

Gallium nitride (GaN), a wide bandgap III–V semiconductor, has been extensively applied in lighting, electronics, and radiofrequency devices over the last few decades. With the distinct properties of fast charge mobility, high stability, tunable wide bandgap, and ionicity structure, GaN-based catalysts have drawn considerable attention in chemical synthesis recently. In this chapter, the recent progress and critical breakthrough of GaN-based catalysis in synthesis are reviewed, with a focus on mechanistic understanding. The reactions are categorized as water splitting, direct methane activation, direct methanol activation, organic synthesis, carbon dioxide reduction, and nitrogen gas reduction. Lastly, the challenges and future possible improvement of GaN-based catalysis are discussed, to encourage more interdisciplinary advances in the development of novel catalysts for sustainable chemical transformations.
Non-oxidative propane dehydrogenation in membrane reactors
Authors: Pan Ying , Bhowmick Antara , Liu Lu , Zhang Chen , Liu Dongxia
Published: March 2024

Propylene (C3H6) is a building block for important petrochemicals production such as polypropylene and acrylonitrile. Propylene is traditionally produced as a co-product in steam crackers (SC) and as a by-product in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units. A growing gap between the supply and demand for C3H6 is expected in the foreseeable future. On-purpose C3H6 production, such as non-oxidative propane dehydrogenation (PDH), is considered as a suitable technology to bridge the gap between conventional processes (SC and FCC) and the demand for C3H6. However, the PDH process faces challenges due to its endothermic nature. Membrane reactors, consisting of PDH catalysts and H2-permeable membranes, have the potential to improve C3H6 yield. The key feature of the implemented PDH membrane reactor is that the catalyst activates C3H8 to form C3H6, while the membrane continuously removes H2 to influence C3H8 equilibrium conversion. This chapter provides a summary of past research and ongoing developments in PDH reactions in membrane reactors. The content covers the membrane material, catalyst, reactor configuration, and performance for PDH in membrane reactors. Furthermore, the challenges and strategies to mitigate reactor performance decline during PDH are presented, along with future research and development directions to advance this technology for on-purpose C3H6 production.
Catalytic routes for upgrading pyrolysis oil derived from biomass
Authors: Allouss Dalia , Achouri Ines Esma , Abatzoglou Nicolas
Published: March 2024

The modern energy industry faces the challenge of reducing its carbon footprint, mainly due to fossil fuel use, while satisfying the continuously increasing demand for fuels, electricity, and chemicals. Biomass is one of the six ways to produce renewable energy. It can provide all energy types and become our primary source of chemicals and materials. While energy can also be derived from the other five renewable sources (hydro, solar, wind, ocean, and geothermal), biomass is the only renewable energy source that is further a renewable carbon source. It can potentially complement the production of all C-based raw materials, which are the building blocks of our chemical and biochemical industry. Among the various biomass-conversion technology platforms, ‘pyrolysis’ is one of the most promising to produce bioenergy and biomaterials, particularly bio-oil. The usefulness of bio-oil in transportation is restricted by its high oxygen concentration. This review summarises the recent progress in catalytically upgrading pyrolysis bio-oils to biofuels and chemicals. The first part of this chapter is on the pyrolysis process itself; it focuses on fast pyrolysis and the resulting bio-oil due to the consensus about this technology’s superiority. The second part of this chapter provides an overview of the bio-oil upgrading routes. A comprehensive collection of the results on the type of catalysts used in such processes and their relevant functions are provided. Finally, this chapter closes with a discussion of the challenges and limitations of the bio-oil upgrading processes.
New insights and enhancement of biocatalysts for biomass conversion in the bioproducts industry and environmental welfare
Authors: Kognou Aristide Laurel Mokale , Khatiwada Janak Raj , Shrestha Sarita , Chio Chonlong , Jiang Zi-Hua , Xu Chunbao Charles , Qin Wensheng
Published: March 2024

Lignocellulosic biomass is a prominent alternative raw material for producing valuable products via enzymatic hydrolysis. Lignocellulolytic enzymes are secreted by microorganisms (pure or mixed cultures of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, yeasts and fungi, and algae), which can act synergistically to degrade biomass into fermentable sugars. However, inhibitory compounds and catabolic repression can inhibit the fermentation process. To overcome this issue, engineering strategies based on metabolic pathways, transcription factors, promoters, proteins, nanotechnology and division of labor have promoted modifying microbial gene expression, enhancing hydrolytic enzyme performance for lignocellulosic conversion. This chapter comprehensively discusses advances in approaches and engineered microorganism utilization for valorizing lignocellulose waste, along with possible opportunities in the bioeconomy.
Analysing micro- and nanoplastics with cutting-edge infrared spectroscopy techniques: a critical review
Authors: Xie Junhao , Gowen Aoife , Xu Wei , Xu Junli
Published: March 2024

In this review, we discussed and compared the applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, quantum cascade laser infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy, and optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy in MNP research from multiple perspectives.
Ambient and sub-ambient temperature direct air CO2 capture (DAC) by novel supported in situ polymerized amines
Authors: Al-Absi Akram A. , Benneker Anne M. , Mahinpey Nader
Published: March 2024

Novel in situ polymerized amines and their promising potential for dry and humid ambient and sub-ambient temperature DAC are explored.
A passivation strategy assisting a robust and low consumption power BP-based optical synaptic device for neural computing
Authors: Zeng Jiahao , Ding Liping , Yuan Shuai , Feng Zhe , Dong Liyan , Shen Weikang , Wang Pan , Wu Zuheng , Wei Guodong
Published: March 2024

This study advances artificial synapses with BP–GOQDs, showcasing stability and bio-visual recognition, which are promising for commercializing BP-based neural devices and opening new applications.
Nutritional profiling, fiber content and in vitro bioactivities of wheat-based biscuits formulated with novel ingredients
Authors: Mesias Marta , Morales Francisco J. , Caleja Cristina , Pires Tânia C. S. P. , Calhelha Ricardo C. , Barros Lillian , Pereira Eliana
Published: March 2024

Designing a cereal-based product with added nutritional value and health-enhancing effects.
Migration of zeolite-encapsulated subnanometre platinum clusters via reactive neural network potentials
Authors: Heard Christopher J. , Grajciar Lukáš , Erlebach Andreas
Published: March 2024

Pt atoms and small clusters move through the zeolite framework via distinct mechanisms, leading to complex size-dependent diffusivity.
Direct access to pyrrole anhydrides via oxidative self-coupling of pyrrole carboxaldehydes
Authors: Panday Surabhi , Maity Tapas , Bhatti Pratibha , Laha Joydev K.
Published: March 2024

An elegant synthesis of pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid anhydrides from pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes using TBAI as a catalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant is described herein.
Validating the Use of Percent Grammatical Utterances for Assessing Mandarin-Speaking Children's Grammatical Skill: Evidence From 3-Year-Olds
Authors: Guo Ling-Yu , Lee Ping , Hsu Hsin-jen , Spencer Linda
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

The study examined the use of percent grammatical utterances (PGUs) for assessing grammatical skills in Mandarin-speaking 3-year-old children.

Method:

Participants were 30 Mandarin-speaking 3-year-olds with typical development. Language samples were collected in two visits for each child using a picture description task. Children were asked to talk about 16 pictures in response to questions and prompts at each visit. Pictures for the language sample collection were identical across the visits. PGUs were computed, and the grammatical errors that children produced in the task were coded and tallied for error types at each visit. Test–retest reliability, split-half reliability, and concurrent criterion validity of PGUs were evaluated.

Results:

The mean PGU level was approximately 78% at Visit 1 and 81% at Visit 2, both of which were significantly below the mastery level (i.e., 90%). The correlation coefficient for test–retest reliability of PGU was large (
r
= .70,
p
< .01); the correlation coefficient for split-half reliability was medium at Visit 1 (
r
= .47,
p
< .01) and large (
r
= .65,
p
< .01) at Visit 2. In addition, the correlation coefficient for concurrent criterion validity of PGU was medium for both visits (
r
s ≥ .35,
p
s ≤ .03). The ranking and proportion of each error type were similar between the visits.

Conclusion:

The initial evidence from psychometric properties suggests that PGU computed from the picture description task is a reliable and valid measure for evaluating grammatical skills in Mandarin-speaking 3-year-old children.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25395499
Robust flux angle control of induction motors to improve efficiency at light loads
Authors: Mohebbi Mohammad Reza , Arab Khaburi Davood
Published: March 2024

Vector control of induction motors has provided us with both good performance and acceptable efficiency at rated loads. Using this method at light loads reduces the efficiency due to the adjustment of motor flux at the rated value. Electric motors are normally used even at lower loads than the rated ones and often selected oversized. Enhancing the efficiency of induction motors at light loads will significantly reduce electric energy consumption. A novel method called Flux Angle Control (FAC) of the induction motor is presented to improve efficiency in the steady state at light loads. To increase the accuracy of the induction motor model we consider iron losses. This method controls the angle between the stator flux (stator current) and the d‐axis (rotor flux direction). The primary aim of the flux angle control method is to reduce the flux level and increase the flux angle at light loads. The optimal flux angle is sensitive to some induction motor parameters. The proposed method offers several advantages compared to similar methods, including high efficiency, minimal sensitivity of the optimal flux angle to changes in motor parameters, a reduced number of calculations, and easy implementation. The validity of this method is examined through experiments.
Statistical analysis of asteroseismic indices and stellar parameters of TESS-observed δ Scuti stars
Authors: Lv C. , Esamdin A. , Hasanzadeh A. , Ghazinejad M. , Pascual-Granado J. , Mirouh G. M. , Karimov R.
Published: March 2024

Context. Over the last few years, δ Scuti stars have been at the center of the attention of the asteroseismology community thanks to the derivation of seismic indices connected to stellar parameters. The statistical analysis of the wealth of data offered by a large space survey such as the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), the identification of new δ Scuti stars, and the correlation between asteroseismic indices and stellar parameters in the resulting sample are therefore of utmost interest.

Aims. The goal of our study is to analyze the statistical properties of stellar parameters and characterize the asteroseismic indices of δ Scuti stars observed in TESS cycle 4.

Methods. We used TESS 2 min cadence photometric data and the corresponding Fourier transform to identify δ Scuti stars. The asteroseismic indices for these stars were determined using an empirical relation and a 2D autocorrelation method.

Results. We discovered 765 δ Scuti stars from the data obtained by the TESS mission, from Sectors 40–55, corresponding to cycle 4 and observed with a 2 min cadence. Of these stars, 179 δ Scuti stars have low-resolution spectral parameters from LAMOST. We first analyzed the relation between pulsation and stellar parameters from TESS observations and the distribution of δ Scuti stars with two different stellar parameters, TESS Input Catalog (TIC) and Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), within the classical instability strip. Most of the stars lie within the instability strip and follow the period-luminosity relation of δ Scuti stars. Additionally, the majority of the stars exhibit pulsation properties consistent with those expected for δ Scuti stars, including periods falling within the typical range, amplitudes at the millimagnitude level, and fundamental parameters such as spectral type, effective temperature, log g, and luminosity that match the characteristics of δ Scuti stars. This confirms the reliability of the δ Scuti stars we have identified. We subsequently obtained the large frequency separation (∆ν), vmax, and ν(Amax) for 179 δ Scuti stars with LAMOST parameters by using an empirical relation and a 2D autocorrelation method, and obtained the relations between these asteroseismic indices. These stars will provide significant support for a deeper study of the internal structure and evolution of stars.
The enigma of Gaia18cjb: A possible rare hybrid of FUor and EXor properties
Authors: Fiorellino Eleonora , Ábrahám Péter , Kóspál Ágnes , Kun Mária , Alcalá Juan M. , Caratti o Garatti Alessio , Cruz-Sáenz de Miera Fernando , García-Álvarez David , Giannini Teresa , Park Sunkyung , Siwak Michał , Szilágyi Máté , Covino Elvira , Marton Gabor , Nagy Zsófia , Nisini Brunella , Marianna Szabó Zsófia , Bora Zsófia , Cseh Borbála , Kalup Csilla , Krezinger Máté , Kriskovics Levente , Ogłoza Waldemar , Pál András , Sódor Ádám , Sonbas Eda , Szakáts Róbert , Vida Krisztián , Vinkó József , Wyrzykowski Lukasz , Zielinski Pawel
Published: March 2024

Context.Gaia18cjb is one of theGaia-alerted eruptive young star candidates that has been experiencing a slow and strong brightening during the last 13 years, similarly to some FU Orionis-type objects.

Aims.The aim of this work is to derive the young stellar nature of Gaia18cjb and determine its physical and accretion properties to classify its variability.

Methods.We conducted monitoring observations using multi-filter optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometry, as well as NIR spectroscopy. We present an analysis of pre-outburst and outburst optical and IR light curves, color-magnitude diagrams in different bands, the detection of NIR spectral lines, and estimates of both stellar and accretion parameters during the burst.

Results.The optical light curve shows an unusually long (over 8 years) brightening event of 5 mag in the last 13 years, before reaching a plateau indicating that the burst is still ongoing, suggesting a FU Orionis-like (FUor-like) nature. The same outburst is less strong in the IR light curves. The NIR spectra, obtained during the outburst, exhibit emission lines typical of highly accreting low-intermediate mass young stars with typical EX Lupi-type (EXor) features. The spectral index of Gaia18cjb SED classifies it as a Class I in the pre-burst stage and a flat-spectrum young stellar object (YSO) during the burst.

Conclusions.Gaia18cjb is an eruptive YSO that exhibits FUor-like photometric features (in terms of brightening amplitude and length of the burst) as well as EXor-like spectroscopic features and accretion rate. Its nature appears similar to that of V350 Cep and V1647 Ori, which have been classified as objects in between FUors and EXors.
Identification of a transition from stochastic to secular star formation around z = 9 with JWST
Authors: Ciesla L. , Elbaz D. , Ilbert O. , Buat V. , Magnelli B. , Narayanan D. , Daddi E. , Gómez-Guijarro C. , Arango-Toro R.
Published: March 2024

Star formation histories (SFHs) of early galaxies (6 < z < 12) have been found to be highly stochastic in both simulations and observations, while at z≲6 the presence of a main sequence (MS) of star-forming galaxies implies secular processes at play. In this work we characterise the SFH variability of early galaxies as a function of their stellar mass and redshift. We used the JADES public catalogue and derived the physical properties of the galaxies as well as their SFHs using the spectral energy distribution modelling code CIGALE. To this end, we implemented a non-parametric SFH with a flat prior allowing for as much stochasticity as possible. We used the star formation rate (SFR) gradient, an indicator of the movement of galaxies on the SFR–M* plane, linked to the recent SFH of galaxies. This dynamical approach of the relation between the SFR and stellar mass allows us to show that, at z > 9, 87% of massive galaxies (log(M*/M⊙)≳9) have SFR gradients consistent with a stochastic star formation activity during the last 100 Myr, while this fraction drops to 15% at z < 7. On the other hand, we see an increasing fraction of galaxies with a star formation activity following a common stream on the SFR–M* plane with cosmic time, indicating that a secular mode of star formation is emerging. We place our results in the context of the observed excess of UV emission as probed by the UV luminosity function at z ≳ 10 by estimating σUV, the dispersion of the UV absolute magnitude distribution, to be of the order of 1.2 mag, and compare it with predictions from the literature. In conclusion, we find a transition of star formation mode happening around z ∼ 9: Galaxies with stochastic SFHs dominate at z ≳ 9, although this level of stochasticity is too low to reach those invoked by recent models to reproduce the observed UV luminosity function.
Spectroscopic observations of progenitor activity 100 days before a Type Ibn supernova
Authors: Brennan S. J. , Sollerman J. , Irani I. , Schulze S. , Chen P. , Das K. K. , De K. , Fransson C. , Gal-Yam A. , Gkini A. , Hinds K. R. , Lunnan R. , Perley D. , Qin Y. J. , Stein R. , Wise J. , Yan L. , Zimmerman E. A. , Anand S. , Bruch R. J. , Dekany R. , Drake A. J. , Fremling C. , Healy B. , Karambelkar V. , Kasliwal M. M. , Kong M. , Kulkarni S. R. , Masci F. J. , Post R. S. , Purdum J. , Michael Rich R. , Wold A.
Published: March 2024

Obtaining spectroscopic observations of the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae is often unfeasible, due to an inherent lack of knowledge as to what stars experience supernovae and when they will explode. In this Letter we present photometric and spectroscopic observations of the progenitor activity of SN 2023fyq before the He-rich progenitor explodes as a Type Ibn supernova. The progenitor of SN 2023fyq shows an exponential rise in flux prior to core collapse. Complex He I emission line features are observed in the progenitor spectra, with a P Cygni-like profile, as well as an evolving broad base with velocities of the order of 10 000 km s−1. The luminosity and evolution of SN 2023fyq is consistent with a Type Ibn, reaching a peak r-band magnitude of −18.8 mag, although there is some uncertainty regarding the distance to the host, NGC 4388, which is located in the Virgo cluster. We present additional evidence of asymmetric He-rich material being present both prior to and after the explosion of SN 2023fyq, which suggests that this material survived the ejecta interaction. Broad [O I], C I, and the Ca II triplet lines are observed at late phases, confirming that SN 2023fyq was a genuine supernova, rather than a non-terminal interacting transient. SN 2023fyq provides insight into the final moments of a massive star’s life, demonstrating that the progenitor is likely highly unstable before core collapse.
Application of quantum computing in image processing for recognition of infectious diseases of wheat
Authors: Mukhamedieva D.T. , Sobirov R.A.
Published: March 2024

This study is devoted to the development and application of quantum methods in the field of diagnostics of infectious diseases of wheat. Taking into account the relevance of the problem of agriculture and the need to improve the efficiency of plant disease control, the work proposes a new approach based on the combined use of quantum computing, image processing and machine learning. Quantum image processing techniques have been applied to improve contrast, filter noise, and analyze key features of infectious diseases in the early stages of their development. The developed quantum machine learning models demonstrate high ac-curacy in image classification, which contributes to earlier and more accurate detection of diseases. The study results highlight the effectiveness of quantum methods in agriculture and provide new tools for more accurate diagnosis of infectious plant diseases. The prospects for introducing this approach into agriculture mean the possibility of improving yields, reducing the use of chemicals and ensuring food security.
Clinical and hematological indicators of cows belonging to different selections of the holshtin breed by seasons
Authors: Mirsaidova Zukhra , Narzullayeva Mokhigul , Amonov Rasul , Khujamov Jurabek , Rizabek Kadyken
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the hematological (erythrocyte, leukocyte, total protein, hemoglobin, glucose) and clinical (respiration, heart rate, body temperature, belly movement) characteristics of Holstein dairy cows from various selections. These results showed that the blood of cows in our republic is saturated with morphological elements due to the same kind of feeding that they receive throughout the seasons, including concentrate feeding.
Results of the study of rotary feed pump with separator and screw feeder
Authors: Rakhimov Oktyabr , Khidirova Dildora , Manzarov Yusuf , Yavkochdieva Dilafruz
Published: March 2024

The article presents the results of an analysis of experimental studies of a rotary lobe pump with a separator and a screw feeder. The pressure loss in the feed line, the influence of the shape of the separator and the angle between its working edges on the performance characteristics of the pump, the influence of the performance of the screw feeder on the characteristics of the pump and the influence of the rotation speed of the pump shaft on its characteristics are studied. characteristics. As a result of experimental studies, it was established that a rotary pump with a screw feeder reliably transports feed mixtures with grass paste with a moisture content of 74% or more and feed mixtures without grass with a moisture content of 68% or more at a pressure in the discharge line of 0.4 MPa. In this case, the speed of the feed mixture in the suction cavity of the pump must be at least 0.42 m/s, which is ensured by a screw feeder.
Ovarian dysfunction in cows and its distribution in black soil farms
Authors: Lysenko A.V. , Mihkalev V.I. , Safonov V.A. , Sineva A.М.
Published: March 2024

A tendency was noted for an increase in the prevalence of ovarian hypofunction in cows with an increase in their milk productivity. On average, it is diagnosed in 28.9-43.9% of examined cows. It was noted that the prevalence of hypofunction decreased with the number of calvings in animals. In first-calf cows, ovarian hypofunction was registered in 37.6-52.8% of cases, which is 1.3-2.0 times higher compared to cows of the second lactation and 1.3-2.8 times higher compared to cows of the third or more lactations . The number of diagnosed cystic formations also increased with increasing milk production. In highly productive animals, ovarian cystic formations are diagnosed 1.3-1.8 times more often, including follicular - 1.4-1.9 times and luteal - 1.2-1.7 times.
Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of turkey histomonosis
Authors: Davlatov Ravshan , Rustamov Baxtiyor , Bo‘ronov Asqar
Published: March 2024

The scientific significance of the research results lies in the analysis of the epizootological features of helminthiasis and histomoniasis of turkeys in farms and private farms engaged in turkey breeding, the clinical course of the disease, hematological and biochemical changes in the body of turkeys when using some new anthelmintics and vitamin complexes, theoretical and practical justification for the effectiveness of the drugs. The practical significance of the research results lies in the fact that with widespread helminthiasis and histomoniasis in turkeys, the use of antiparasitic drugs and vitamin complexes in turkey farms leads to the recovery of turkey poults, an increase in their viability, growth and development, weight gain, and the achievement of an increase in productivity for through their use in disease prevention. The epizootology and causes of the spread of helminthiasis and histomonosis of turkeys in turkey poultry farms managed by farmers and private individuals of the republic were identified. The use of vitamin complexes in addition to antiparasitic drugs is scientifically substantiated in order to reduce the duration of treatment for turkey histomoniasis, their positive effect on the hemomorphological and hemobiochemical parameters of turkeys. Practical recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of turkey histomoniasis have been developed for the widespread use of effective, cost-effective diagnostic methods.
Characteristics of lighting parameters and its interception by the crowns of Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht. bushes in forest parks of Yekaterinburg
Authors: Tishkina Elena , Montile Andrey
Published: March 2024

Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht. distributed in twelve of fifteen forest parks in Yekaterinburg on an area of 396.8 hectares. The lighting parameters in different parts of the crown of pregenerative individuals of cotoneaster in the Karasye-Ozersky and Malo-Istoksky forest parks, as well as the ability to intercept light, were studied. The percentage of light interception by the entire crown is 41% and 51% for cotoneaster habitats, respectively. The average heights (H) and the minimum and maximum diameters of bush crowns (Dmin, Dmax) in the two habitats do not differ significantly. The parameters of illumination and its interception by different parts of the crown have their own characteristics for the two samples. There are no correlations between the measured heights and crown diameters of bushes and the considered lighting parameters. The initial illumination above the crowns of the bushes for the habitat in the Malo-Istoksky forest park has low values compared to the Karasye- Ozersky forest park, apparently this is a consequence of shading of the bushes. Differences in incoming illumination caused differences in the structure of correlations between the parameters of its interception. For the habitat in the Malo-Istoksky Forest Park, all correlations are high positive, while in the Karasye-Ozersky Forest Park some correlations are absent, and some are negative correlations. Other features of interception of illumination by the crowns of cotoneaster bushes were noted.
Analysis of forest fires in arid landscapes of the Orenburg region
Authors: Bastaeva Galia , Lyavdanskaya Olga , Kubasov Andrey , Altaev Alexander , Maltsev Petr
Published: March 2024

At the present stage of economic development of the forestry complex of the Russian Federation, solving problems with forest fires is key and fundamental. The inevitability of forest fires and the impossibility of preventing the loss of forest resources have led to the need to conduct analytical work to assess the fire rate of forests, which is an indicator of the conditionally permissible area of forest fires for a certain area or forestry for a certain period. The article presents the results of a review of forest fires in the Orenburg region in the context of 27 forest districts for the analyzed period from 2010-2020. Assessing the results of forest fires is necessary to solve current applied problems when planning work in subsequent fire seasons. The study found that for the period (2005-2023), the most fire-dangerous years in terms of the number of fires were 2010 and 2021. An assessment of the relative fire rate in forest districts of the region made it possible to establish that low fire rate is typical for 6 forest districts (22%), moderate and medium fire rate is established in 8 forest districts (30%), and strong (high) fire rate is found in 13 forest districts - 48%. High values of relative fire intensity with values of 0.9, 0.5 and 0.6 were established, respectively, in the Dombarovsky, Orenburgsky and Kvarkensky forest districts, the main reason for their occurrence is the anthropogenic factor. Depending on the geographical location of forestry areas, the number of fires increases; the reliability of the approximation was R2=0.83.
Potential of Egg Shells as a Natural Food Preservative
Authors: Murpi Ningrum Endah , Nahariah Naharia , Irfan Muhammad , Hatta Wahniyati
Published: March 2024

Food preservatives are food ingredients that are added to food. Preservation aims to maintain the physical and chemical properties of food ingredients. Food preservatives are classified into two, natural and synthetic preservatives. Eggshells that can be used are chicken and duck eggshells. Several ingredients can be used as preservatives in food, such as sodium benzoate, nitrate, and sulphate, but in this case the main ingredient used in making natural preservatives in food is eggshells which are processed into flour for use in food preservation. Eggshells contain high levels of calcium carbonate so they can be used as a natural preservative. Apart from being easy to obtain, eggshells are also economically valuable and easy to apply. This review discusses and explains the function of eggshells as a natural preservative in food.
Cocoa Bean Shell By-Products as Potential Ingredients for Functional Food and Beverage - A Review
Authors: Rahmat Yuneri Dian , Syarifuddin Adiansyah
Published: March 2024

Cocoa processing generates by-products such as pod husks, pulp, and bean shells. Among these, cocoa bean shells (CBS) stand out as a significant by-product, comprising approximately 10% to 17% of the total weight of cocoa beans. These shells are typically separated from the cocoa beans before or after roasting. A large amount of waste can be produced during the mass processing of cocoa beans; in one year, the world has 700,000 tons. CBS contains various nutrients and beneficial compounds, including approximately 50% dietary fiber, proteins, minerals, vitamins, volatile compounds, and various polyphenols. The objectives of this review encompass assessing the potential of CBS as a valuable ingredient for developing functional foods and beverages. Our methodology involved a comprehensive literature search across multiple scholarly databases, focusing on journal articles exploring CBS utilization in functional foods and beverages. The results reveal CBS as a promising by-product with significant opportunities for value addition, presenting itself as a potential functional ingredient for food and beverage applications. However, the limited literature on developing CBS-based fermented beverage products akin to kombucha and kefir underscores the need for further research to explore their untapped potential fully.
Ohmic-based carbonic maseration of Arabica coffee cherries: A Review
Authors: Mustafa Arnida , Salengke Salengke , Laga Amran , Bastian Februadi , Hasizah Andi , Reta Reta
Published: March 2024

Coffee stands as one of the most globally significant and beloved commercial crops. Green coffee beans are typically produced from coffee cherries through one of three distinct processing techniques: wet, dry, or semi-dry process. During the wet and dry process, fermentation plays a pivotal role in the formation of distinct and desirable sensory attributes. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the intricate fermentation process, shedding light on its multifaceted impacts on flavor. Additionally, we introduce a novel approach to coffee processing, the ohmic-assisted carbonic maceration, drawing inspiration from the well-established winemaking technique. This innovative method explores the potential for using ohmic heating in carbonic maceration of coffee cherries to produce high-quality coffee beans with distinct flavor profiles; with a specific focus on crafting specialty coffee. This cutting-edge approach holds immense promise for modernizing the traditional methods that are commonly employed by coffee farmers and producers in Indonesia.
The Effect of Banana Kepok Substitution on Soybean Tempe as a Food Rich in Carbohydrates and Protein
Authors: Rukmelia  , Nur Inayah Astrina , Fitriani  , Harfika
Published: March 2024

Tempe is a fermented food product made from soybeans. It is a traditional Indonesian food. To make tempe, soybeans are soaked, dehulled, and partially cooked. Afterward, a specific type of mold called Rhizopus oligosporus is added to the soybeans. Kepok bananas are a type of food that high in carbohydrates. This research aimed to determine the effect of kepok bananas on tempe's carbohydrate and protein content. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 4 treatments and three replications. A0: No Banana Kepok Substitution; A1: 80% Soybeans and 20% Banana Kepok; A2: 60% Soybeans and 40% Banana Kepok; A3: 40% Soybeans and 60%. Banana Kepok The parameters observed were proximate analysis (water, carbohydrate, protein and fat content) as well as organoleptic tests. The data analysis technique used is Variance Analysis and Duncan test. The results of the study showed that Kepok bananas had a real influence on the carbohydrate and protein content of tempe. The carbohydrate value of tempe with the substitution of kepok banana ranges from 4.81% -13.93%. The protein content value of tempe with the substitution of kapok banana ranges between 11.48% - 18.98%.
Physical Characteristics of Instant Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cempo Ireng Variety, Indigenous of Indonesia
Authors: Nirbaya Arindra , Dian Nurhayati Aprinia , Permata Nusa Cassandra , Soekopitojo Soenar , Lukas Kurniawan Adi , Dwi Handoko Dody , Faza Sepbrina Aurelia , Oktavia Wahyuningsih Prastiwi Dwi , Ayu Puspitasari Diah , Athaya Nazhira , Yusuf Al Badwani Muhammad , Aulia Araminta Diza
Published: March 2024

Black rice was well known for its high antioxidant capacity, low calories, and glycaemic index. This rice is widely consumed as a diet for diabetic people or weight loss. It has a hard texture, so it takes a long time for black rice to be served. This research aims to study the physical characteristics of instant black rice produced with several treatments. The treatment given during soaking uses 0%, 5%, and 7% sodium citrate, then soaked at room temperature and 50°C. The process continues with freezing for 24 hours at -4°C, then drying using a food dehydrator and oven for 20 hours. The results showed that the fastest rehydration time was 5.33 minutes. The range of observation parameters, such as bulk density is 0.28 - 0.54 g/mL, expansion volume is 88 - 152%, water absorption capacity is 20 - 62.5%, and rehydration ratio is 180 - 320%. Variations in sodium citrate and soaking temperature decrease the rehydration time. The physical characteristic of Instant rice dried using a food dehydrator is better than an oven.
The use of immobilized enzyme in starch bioconversion: An update review
Authors: Miftahuddin  , Laga Amran , Bastian Februadi
Published: March 2024

Starch bioconversion enzymes play an important role in the food industry, raising up a vast research space. Immobilization of alpha-amylase, amyloglucosidase and glucose isomerase is a promising topic for ongoing research. In this review, we provide an updated overview of various carriers for carbohydrases immobilization, with the primary focus on the food industry. The method used in this review is the literature study method. The immobilization methods of carbohydrases enzymes are encapsulation by Ca-alginate, covalent and ionic bonding by chitosan, adsorption by ion exchange resin and cross-linking by glutaraldehyde and Bovine serum albumin as protein feeder, and mix of them. The research shows the ability of enzymes that can be used repeatedly while maintaining their activity. Immobilization increases the enzymes stability towards pH, temperature, and type of substrate. Through this method, various types of sugar such as maltose, glucose and fructose can be produced with reduced production costs. In future, immobilized enzymes are going to play a vital role in various industries not only in food, but including pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and fuel.
The Effect of Gelatin and Xanthan Gum Concentration on Diversification of Dark Chocolate Praline Jelly Coffee Products
Authors: Wahid Kurniawan Abdi , Bakar Tawali Abu , Fitri
Published: March 2024

This study aims to determine the best coffee juice jelly formulation using various concentrations of gelatin and xanthan gum, and evaluating the properties of each formula. The study used factorial experiments with 2 factors, 3 levels and 2 replicates. This approach allowed for the detection of the main and simple effects of each level, facilitating the analysis of variable impacts.The factors were Gelatin (9%; 10%; and 11%) and Xanthan Gum (1%; 2%; and 3%). The parameters for assessment were moisture content, ash content, texture, sugar content, fat content, caffeine content and organoleptics. The best treatment was selected based on the average acceptance of panelists on product quality. The best coffee juice jelly praline was made using 11% gelatin and 3% xanthan gum. It had 14.17% moisture and 0.32% ash content. For dark chocolate praline candy with coffee juice jelly candy filler, 10% gelatin and 2% xanthan gum was preferred by 40 respondents. It had 82.71% total sugar, 35.55% fat content, and 15% caffeine content.
Formation of Acrylamide Compounds in Food Products from Maillard Reactions: A Review Article
Authors: Zulhaq Paradiman Aidil , Tahir Mulyati M. , Dirpan Andi
Published: March 2024

The process of heat treatment is commonly used in food processing to improve colour, flavour, nutrition, and safety from microorganisms, while also reducing the potential of toxic chemical risks. However, researchers have identified a potential risk associated with the Maillard reaction in food products that occurred during in food heating process. The Maillard reaction occurs in three stages: the initial stage (such as in milk and UHT milk), the intermediate stage (as in lager beer and bakery products), and the advanced stage (as in stout beer, coffee, and chocolate). The Maillard reaction is influenced by both physical variables (such as temperature and time of treatment) and chemical variables (including pH, water activity, and substance). Acrylamide is one of the toxic chemical risks that can be formed during the Maillard reaction. This occurs when through the major pathway involving asparagine and carbonyl groups specifically, leading to the formation of N-glycoxyl-asparagine. Additionally, acrylamide can also be formed through oxidized acrolein and lipid oxidation. This review article used online search engines such as ScienceDirect, Google, and ResearchGate as literature research method.
Effect of Drying Temperature on the Proximate Content of Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera) Powder as Raw Material in Food Industry using Fluidized Bed Dryer
Authors: Tenrimega Tjalo Andi , Hasizah A. , Dirpan Andi , Langkong Jumriah
Published: March 2024

Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves can be used as a functional food as well as a source of nutrition for health. Moringa leaves are very rich in carbohydrates, protein, fiber, iron, magnesium, potassium, folate, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, copper, calcium, vitamin A, B vitamins, vitamin C, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and saponins. Moringa leaves processing is very limited in Indonesia, therefore further processing is needed using the best temperature. Because the content contained in Moringa leaves is very easy to damage. This study aims to obtain the best temperature treatment in the drying process of Moringa leaves and determine the effectiveness of drying Moringa leaves with a fluidized bed dryer, and it with the drying method at room temperature (20oC to 25oC) on the degradation of the proximate content of Moringa leaves. The stages of this research the cleaning and separation process from the stems of Moringa leaves, followed by a drying process at temperatures of 35oC, 45oC, 55oC, 65oC, and room temperature (20oC to 25oC). Followed by making Moringa leaves to powder and the process of proximate analysis of Moringa leaves. Results. The results showed that the best treatment proximate analysis results was at a temperature of 45oC with a water content of 8.97%, and ash content of 10.31%. The protein content of 36.04%, fat content of 9.56%, and carbohydrates of 35.11%.
Design of Mobilization System on Mobile Pulper Machine
Authors: Rinaldi Muh. , Iqbal Iqbal , Mursalim Mursalim , Azis Abdul
Published: March 2024

There are several coffee pulping machines that are commonly used by farmers, but there are some drawbacks to these pulping machines. For example, a pulper machine with a large construction does not allow peeling in the coffee harvesting area. The purpose of this research is to design and build a prototype of a mobile wet coffee peeling machine (pulper). The research method used starts from design analysis. Furthermore, the data from the design analysis was used as the basis for making the prototype of the mobile pulper machine. The testing method used is based on functional tests, structural tests and mobility testing of the mobile pulper to see the feasibility of mobilizing the machine. The results of the study show that the coffee pulper can be mounted on a modified motorcycle frame. The peeling cylinder is rotated by power from the engine and uses a shaft extender as an additional shaft from the engine. The transmission system used is pulley and belt with the ratio of engine pulley and peeling cylinder which is 1:4. The engine rotation in the idle position is 1289 RPM which produces a peeling cylinder rotation of 279 RPM in the test without material and 204 RPM in the test with material. The hopper used is a built-in hopper with a volume of 0.028 m3 or 15 kg of coffee cherries for one filling. It can be concluded that the mobile pulper machine can be used for peeling in the coffee harvesting area.
Spatial Analysis of Flood Vulnerability Base on Biophysics Factor the Krueng Baro Watershed in Flood Mitigation Efforts at Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmi Rahmi , Ahmad Ashfa , Yulianur Alfiansyah , Ramli Ichwana , Izzaty Atika
Published: March 2024

Flooding in a watershed is caused by the disruption of hydrological functions and physical factors of the watershed, as well as human activities. In the Krueng Baro watershed, several sub-districts experience flooding twice a year. To mitigate this problem, a study was conducted to spatially analyze flood-prone areas based on biophysical factors. Primary data from Landsat imagery use for land cover/land use) and secondary data (rainfall, soil type, and slope, were analyzed using ArcGIS 10.8. Each parameter was scored, and the overlay analysis resulted in a distribution of flood susceptibility in the Krueng Baro watershed. River density was found to have a significant impact on flood susceptibility, and settlements, agricultural land, slopes, and low altitudes were identified as highly vulnerable areas. The distribution of flood susceptibility in the Krueng Baro watershed was classified as very high and high (38.35%), moderate (21.60%), and low/very low (39.86%). Flood control methods such as mechanical and vegetation conservation, and community involvement, must be implemented to mitigate flooding in the affected areas.
Automation of humidity in the greenhouses for plant cultivation
Authors: Abidin Irfan , Faridah Sitti Nur , Sapsal Muhammad Tahir , Samsuar Samsuar , Mubarak Husnul
Published: March 2024

Greenhouse is a building formed to protect and care for plants from various kinds of weather and pests on plants. In addition, greenhouses also function to manipulate and control environmental conditions so that the conditions needed for plant growth are met. Air humidity is one of the environmental conditions that affect plant growth and can be controlled by automatic fogging so that plants can grow optimally. This research aims to produce an atomization system and maintain air humidity in the greenhouse automatically. The use of this research is as an information material for farming communities to control air humidity automatically in greenhouses through the use of technology. This research was carried out by designing automatic fogging to keep the air humidity value constant. The sensor test results show that the air humidity (RH) value when plants photosynthesize optimally, namely morning to evening within a 12 hour period, is around 84.17% with setting points of 80% and 90%. And the test results show that the system can maintain the air humidity value constant according to the given setting point.
The Use of Sentinel-2 Vegetation Indices Imagery in Detecting the Effect of Plant Distance to the Productivity of Corn Crops
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Haerani Haerani , Mursalim Mursalim , Azizan Fathin Ayuni
Published: March 2024

There are several variations in planting distance used for corn plants, including 70×40 cm, 70×20 cm, and irregular. This affects the productivity of corn plants because of competition between corn plants. Satellite imagery, such as Sentinel-2 imagery, can be used to observe this effect. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of Sentinel-2 satellite imagery in detecting the effect of plant distance on corn plant productivity. This research used Modified Red-edge Simple Ratio (mRE-SR) Vegetation Index imagery from Sentinel-2 imagery. The three plant distances used were 70×40 cm, 70×20 cm, and irregular. The images used corresponded to the corn planting times at research location, i.e. 10 and 20 December 2022, 14 January 2023, 28 February 2023 and 15 March 2023. Linear regression analysis was carried out to test the correlation between corn plant productivity of each plant distance and the mRE-SR Vegetation Index image. The results of this research indicated that the effect of plant distance on corn plant productivity can be studied using mRE-SR Sentinel-2 imagery.