bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Training to Improve the Landing of an Uninjured Leg in Crutch Walk Using AR Technology to Present an Obstacle
Authors: Tsuda Naoaki , Ehiro Takuya , Nomura Yoshihiko , Kato Norihiko ,   Department of Intelligent Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Wakayama College 77 Noshima, Nada-cho, Gobo, Wakayama 644-0023, Japan,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mie University 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
Published: October 2021

A patient who unexpectedly sustains a lower leg injury often uses crutches for walking, to both assist the patient and prevent further injury until a full recovery is made. In this study, a novel crutch walk training system was developed; a head-mounted display (HMD) was introduced to present a virtual obstacle for trainees using crutches. Through repetitions of the training, it was expected that the trainees would improve their overall body stability. Healthy subjects participated in experimental training exercises using the developed training system. As a result, the participants acquired the skill of walking well with crutches without losing their body balance significantly, even in the event of facing a virtual obstacle, during the five training sessions.
VIDVIP: Dataset for Object Detection During Sidewalk Travel
Authors: Baba Tetsuaki ,   Tokyo Metropolitan University 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we report on the “VIsual Dataset for Visually Impaired Persons” (VIDVIP), a dataset for obstacle detection during sidewalk travel. In recent years, there have been many reports on assistive technologies using deep learning and computer vision technologies; nevertheless, developers cannot implement the corresponding applications without datasets. Although a number of open-source datasets have been released by research institutes and companies, large-scale datasets are not as abundant in the field of disability support, owing to their high development costs. Therefore, we began developing a dataset for outdoor mobility support for the visually impaired in April 2018. As of May 1, 2021, we have annotated 538,747 instances for 32,036 images in 39 classes of labels. We have implemented and tested navigation systems and other applications that utilize our dataset. In this study, we first compare our dataset with other general-purpose datasets, and show that our dataset has properties similar to those of datasets for automated driving. As a result of the discussion on the characteristics of the dataset, it is shown that the nature of the image shooting location, rather than the regional characteristics, tends to affect the annotation ratio. Accordingly, it is possible to examine the type of location based on the nature of the shooting location, and to infer the maintenance statuses of traffic facilities (such as Braille blocks) from the annotation ratio.
Penguatan pendidikan karakter peserta didik melalui peraturan pondok pesantren di era 4.0
Authors: Kusuma Febra Anjar , Nurhayati  , Susilo
Published: October 2021

In the current era of the industrial revolution 4.0, strengthening character education is felt to be increasingly necessary, in addition to balancing changes that affect individual behavior, it is also one of the solutions that are considered the most appropriate in addressing moral problems and deviant behavior. This study provides an explanation of how the role of implementing regulations for Islamic boarding schools in shaping and strengthening the character of students/santri in Darul A'mal Islamic boarding schools. The results in this study indicate that the implementation of regulations in the Darul A'mal Islamic boarding school can be a solution to strengthen the character of the students/students in the boarding school. The characters in question are religious, disciplined, independent, polite, and responsible characters.

Abstrak Pada era revolusi industri 4.0 sekarang ini penguatan pendidikan karakter dirasa semakin perlu dilakukan, selain untuk menyeimbangkan perubahan yang mempengaruhi perilaku individu, juga menjadi salah satu solusi yang dianggap paling tepat dalam menyikapi permasalahan moral dan perilaku menyimpang. Penelitian ini memberikan penjelasan mengenai bagaimana peran dari implementasi peraturan pondok pesantren dalam membentuk dan memperkuat karakter peserta didik/santri di pondok pesantren Darul A’mal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif.  Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi peraturan di pondok pesantren Darul A’mal dapat menjadi solusi untuk memperkuat karakter peserta didik/santri yang ada di dalam pondok. Adapun karakter yang dimaksud yakni karakter religius, disiplin, mandiri, dan tanggungjawab
The Lonesome Mind or an attempt of an Existential Philosophy of Mind
Authors:   Lomonosov State University, Pavlov Alexey S.
Published: October 2021

This article is a review of Ben Lazare Mijuskovic’s book Consciousness and Loneli­ness: Theoria and Praxis (2018). The problem of the dividedness of the contemporary philosophy into the two different traditions has recently become apparent. This is evidenced by the growth of a number of investigations aiming to embrace contemporary thought in its wholeness. Among such studies is the new work of American philosopher Ben Lazare Mijuskovic. He attempts to defend the human microcosm from the threat of its neglection by philosophical naturalism. However, it is not only Mijuskovic’s anti-natu­ralistic position that is interesting. He also provides an in-depth analysis of such an Exis­tenzial of the human life as loneliness. The rich philosophical material drawn by the author is an indisputable merit of the study. However, this same merit also constitutes a problem. Mijuskovic’s arguments are reduced to a mere repetition of the philosophical ideas of the past and are thus unable to undermine contemporary naturalism. Meanwhile, the parts of the study in which the phenomenon of loneliness is discussed are the most interesting part of the book. Mijuskovic discusses loneliness as the feeling of loneliness per se and does not replace its phenomenological analysis by an economical investigation or by an evolutionary explanation. The author’s recognition of the significance of the content of conscious experience leads him to a disagreement with naturalism and to the acceptance of the position of substance dualism along with its known shortcomings. It seems that such a move is not at all necessary. In order for the content of our conscious experience to become significant, there is no need to exaggerate the ontological autonomy of the very conscious experience. It is always possible to commit to «weaker» ontological views without abandoning the scientific worldview and common sense.
In search of the foundations of the Russian Enlightenment in Pyotr Chaadayev and Ivan Kireevsky: the history of Pyotr Chaadayev’s “Note” to Alexander von Benkendorf
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shcherbatova Irina F.
Published: October 2021

This article analyses Pyotr Chaadayev’s “Note” (1832), a message addressed to Alexan­der von Benkendorf, who served as head of the secret police under Nikolas I. “The Note” is essentially a letter that supports Ivan Kireevsky’s article entitled “The 19th Century”, which Kireevsky published in his magazine – “The European” – and which provoked the secret police to close the magazine right after the publication of the article in 1832. “The Note” is a somewhat enigmatic text because it was signed with Kireevsky’s name, which for a long time made researchers believe that it reflected Kireevsky’s position. However, in the 1930s, researchers proved that the actual author of “The Note” was Pyotr Chaadayev, and that “The Note” contained his thoughts. “The Note” shows that it was the July Revolution of 1830 that temporarily undermined Chaa­dayev’s belief in Europe and made Chaadayev shift from the negative philosophy of Russian history and the Eurocentrism of his “Philosophical Letters” (1829–1830) to­wards the idea of Russia’s historical mission, despite Russia’s backwardness. This back­wardness was later presented in the text “Apology of a Madman” (1837) as the idea of Providence guiding Russia through history. The present article argues that in the early 1830s, Kireevsky did not share Chaadayev’s belief in Providence. “The Note” reads as a very ambivalent text because Chaadayev used it to both vindicate Kireevsky’s article, and to set forth his own philosophy of history. In the present paper, the author separates these two types of arguments and concepts which were tightly interwoven in “The Note”, but were in fact reflections of two different, although unstable and somewhat overlap­ping, positions of two philosophers.
Philosophy of the social policy in German conservatism of the XIX century
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Podolskiy Vadim A.
Published: October 2021

The article describes the attitude of the German conservative thinkers of the XIX century towards social policy. Works by Carl von Haller, Adam Muller, Wilhelm von Ketteler and Carl von Vogelsang are studied, the philosophic background of their views, and the im­pact of their arguments for the intellectual history of Germany. Their conservative cri­tique of capitalism and socialism is studied. The paper also analyzes the conception of “sustainable development” understood as an approach towards economy that is focused not on the increase of production, but on maintenance of acceptable level of welfare. The article presents ideas of corporate organization of society that can restore the har­mony of medieval social, political and economical relations. The ideology of aristocratic paternalism is explored together with its philosophical and religious foundations as well as its focus on the preservation of social peace and its concern about the needs of the pop­ulation. The article presents the claims of the conservative thinkers on the value of the nonmaterial components of the social life, which serve as the foundation for social policy, namely respect towards tradition, responsibility, service, trust, justice, frugality, religios­ity. The emergence of the German conservatism is explored in relation to Russian politi­cal philosophy. The article shows that the scientific and public activity of the German conservatives led to the introduction of social laws in Germany and Austria.
On the History of the Reception of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Works in the Netherlands: Nicolas van Wijk
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tsygankov Alexander S. , Obolevitch Teresa ,   Pontifical University John Paul II,   Research University “Higher School of Economics”
Published: October 2021

The article reconstructs the first stage of reception in the Netherlands of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s literary heritage in the late 19th century. The translations, as well as the reception, were originally inspired by the recognition of the writer in Germany and France rather than by the impact of the Russian cultural tradition itself. Attention is also paid to the writings of the “father of Dutch Slavic studies” Nicolaas van Wijk, from 1913 the chair of Slavonic and Baltic languages at Leiden University. His specific “prism” has been of help in understanding the work of the writer as a projection of the Russian people specific spirituality.
The “Confessions of the Flesh” by M. Foucault: Towards Understanding of Methodology and Significance
Authors:   The Baltic State Technical University “Voenmekh”, named after Ustinov, Gashkov Sergey A.
Published: October 2021

The author of the article analyzes the subject, the structure and the content elements of Michel Foucault’s posthumous “Confessions of the Flesh” (2018, Russian translation 2021). Foucault there turns to the patristic tradition (which gives some researchers a reason to talk about a “new theology”), but also proclaims the need for the unity of philosophical and philological approaches, a “lexicalization” (in the words of Philippe Chevallier). The author examines fragments on Christian chastity and the ascetic model of Cassian to demonstrate the historical and philosophical significance of Foucault’s distinctions between the ancient and Christian concepts of chastity, as well as between the “prohibitional” and “transformational” forms of asceticism.
Adaptive Time Stepping, Linearization and a Posteriori Error Control for Multiphase Flow with Wells
Authors: Ahmed E. , Klemetsdal Ø. , Raynaud X. , Møyner O. , Nilsen H. M.
Published: October 2021

We present in this paper a-posteriori error estimators for multiphase flow with singular well sources. The estimators are fully and locally computable, distinguish the various error components, and target the singular effects of wells. On the basis of these estimators we design an adaptive fully-implicit solver that yields optimal nonlinear iterations and efficient time-stepping, while maintaining the accuracy of the solution. A key point is that the singular nature of the solution in the near-well region is explicitly captured and efficiently estimated using the adequate norms. Numerical experiments illustrate the efficiency of our estimates and the performance of the adaptive algorithm.
EDFM-based Multi-Continuum Shale Gas Simulation with Low Velocity Non-Darcy Water Flow Effect
Authors: Jiang Yu , Killough John , Li Linkai , Cui Xiaona , Tang Jin
Published: October 2021

The exploitation of shale gas has attracted extensive attention in industry and academia. Multi-scale gas transportation mechanisms in matrix and fractures have been well studied. However, due to the presence of water originating from both fracking fluids and connate water, shale gas production is also greatly affected by water imbibition and flowback, of which the processes have not been thoroughly analyzed. This paper aims at presenting a comprehensive multi-continuum multi-component model to characterize the complicated shale gas flow behaviors as well as the impact of non-Darcy water flow on shale gas production.

A two-phase numerical simulator is built up with multi-continuum settings. Shale matrix is split into organic and inorganic matters while natural and hydraulic fractures are modeled using an embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM). Fracture closure and elongation are modeled using a dynamic gridding approach. Different transportation mechanisms are considered to describe gas flow in shale, including Knudsen diffusion, ab/desorption, and convection. The low-velocity non-Darcy flow of water is used in inorganic pores to analyze the effect of water flow.

A pre-stage model based on pumping history is simulated firstly before production starts. This serves as an initialization step to model fracking fluid imbibition and early-stage water flowback. This pre-stage simulation gives out more precise pressure and saturation profiles than the conventional non-equilibrium initialization method, especially in enhanced pore volumes and fractures. Based upon simulation results from the production period, Langmuir isotherm absorption has shown a massive impact on gas flow in shale, and Knudsen diffusion weights highest among transport mechanisms. Water non-Darcy flow better benefits in simulating both early-stage water flowback and production process compared with Darcy flow, which gives us a new explanation on the low flowback efficiency in real shale gas operations. Studies on early-stage water flowback also show that the flowback affects saturation distribution, which has a strong relationship with gas production and shall not be ignored.

This work establishes a novel method to simulate and analyze shale gas production. It considers multiple and complex flow mechanisms and gives out better estimates of water flux. It is also used to initialize a model for pumping water imbibition and early-stage flowback, which can be used as technical resources for analyzing and simulating unconventional plays.
A GPU-Based Integrated Simulation Framework for Modelling of Complex Subsurface Applications
Authors: Khait Mark , Voskov Denis
Published: October 2021

Alternative to CPU computing architectures, such as GPU, continue to evolve increasing the gap in peak memory bandwidth achievable on a conventional workstation or laptop. Such architectures are attractive for reservoir simulation, which performance is generally bounded by system memory bandwidth. However, to harvest the benefit of a new architecture, the source code has to be inevitably rewritten, sometimes almost completely. One of the biggest challenges here is to refactor the Jacobian assembly which typically involves large volumes of code and complex data processing. We demonstrate an effective and general way to simplify the linearization stage extracting complex physics-related computations from the main simulation loop and leaving only an algebraic multi-linear interpolation kernel instead. In this work, we provide the detailed description of simulation performance benefits from execution of the entire nonlinear loop on the GPU platform. We evaluate the computational performance of Delft Advanced Research Terra Simulator (DARTS) for various subsurface applications of practical interest on both CPU and GPU platforms, comparing particular workflow phases including Jacobian assembly and linear system solution with both stages of the Constraint Pressure Residual preconditioner.
Automatic Calibration of a Geomechanical Model from Sparse Data for Estimating Stress in Deep Geological Formations
Authors: Andersen O. , Kelley M. , Smith V. , Raziperchikolaee S.
Published: October 2021

In this study, we demonstrate geomechanical modeling with fully automatic parameter calibration to estimate the full geomechanical stress fields of a prospective US CO2 storage site, based on sparse measurement data. The goal is to compute full stress tensor field estimates (principal stresses and orientations) that are maximally compatible with observations within the constraints of the model assumptions, thereby extending point-wise, incomplete partial stress measurement to a simulated full formation stress field, as well as a rough assessment of the associated error. We use the Perch site, located in Otsego Country, Michigan, as our case study. Input data consists of partial stress tensor information inferred from in-situ borehole tests, geophysical well logs and processing of seismic data. A static earth model of the site was developed, and geomechanical simulation functionality of the open-source MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST) used to model the stress field. Adjoint-based nonlinear optimization was used to adjust boundary conditions and material properties to calibrate simulated results to observations. Results were interpreted through a Bayesian framework.

The focus of this article is to demonstrate how the fully automatic calibration procedure works and discuss the results obtained but does not attempt a detailed analysis of the stress field in the context of the proposed CO2 storage initiatives. Our work is part of a larger effort to non-invasively determine in-situ stresses in deep formations considered for CO2 storage. Guided by previously published research on geomechanical model calibration, our work presents a novel calibration approach supporting a potentially large number of linear or nonlinear calibration parameters, in order to produce results optimally agreeing with available measurements and thus extend partial point-wise estimates to full tensor fields compatible with the physics of the site.
A Multi-Level Non-Linear Solver for Complex Well Modelling
Authors: Chen Zhen , Shaalan Tareq , Dogru Ali
Published: October 2021

Complex well model has proved to be important for capturing the full physics in wellbore, including pressure losses, multiphase effects, and advanced device modelling. Numerical instability may be observed especially when the well is produced at a low rate from a highly productive multi-phase zone. In this paper, a new multi-level nonlinear solver is presented in a state-of-the-art parallel complex wellbore model for addressing some difficult numerical convergence problems. A sequential two-level nonlinear solver is implemented, where the inner solver is used to address the convergence in the constraint rate equation, and then the entire complex network is solved using an outer solver. Finally, the wellbore model is coupled with the grid solution explicitly, sequentially, or implicitly. This novel formulation is robust enough to greatly improve the numerical stability due to the lagging in the computation of mixture density in wellbore constraint rate equation and the variation in the fluid composition over Newton iterations in network nonlinear solver.

The numerical challenge in the complex well model and the improvement of performance with the new nonlinear solver are demonstrated using reservoir simulation. Models with complex wells running into convergence problems are constructed and simulated. With this novel nonlinear solver, simulation gives much more reliable results on well productions without numerical oscillations and computational cost is much less.
Electrical Dry Needling Versus Conventional Physiotherapy in the Treatment of Active and Latent Myofascial Trigger Points in Patients With Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Lara-Palomo Inmaculada C. , Gil-Martínez Esther , Antequera-Soler Eduardo , Castro-Sánchez Adelaida María , Fernández-Sánchez Manuel , García-López Héctor
Published: October 2021

Background: Chronic low back pain is considered to be one of the main causes of absenteeism from work and primary and specialized consultations. The symptoms of non-specific chronic low back pain may be accompanied by the activation of myofascial trigger points in the muscles, together with local and/or referred pain. Electrical dry needling is increasingly used in the treatment of lumbar myofascial pain. Conventional physiotherapy, however, is a popular approach to chronic pathologies, and there is evidence of different modalities of physiotherapy being used in the treatment of chronic low back pain. The aim of this study has been to determine the effectiveness of electrical dry needling versus conventional physiotherapy when applied to active and latent myofascial trigger points in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Methods and Analysis. This is a controlled, randomized, two-arm, double-blind study. A total of 92 patients with chronic low back pain (time to onset ≥ 3 months, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire score ≥ 4) will be recruited from the University of Almería. Participants will be divided into two study groups (n = 40, respectively) to receive treatment of low back pain with electrical dry needling and conventional physiotherapy (ischaemic compression, analytic stretching and postural education training dossier). A total of 3 sessions will be administered once a week for 3 weeks. Pain intensity, disability, fear of movement, quality of life, quality of sleep, anxiety and depression, pressure pain threshold, abdominal strength, and lumbar mobility will be recorded at 3 weeks (post-immediate) and 2 months after the end of treatment.Ethics and dissemination. Ethics and Research Committee of the University of Almería (UALBIO2020/044). The results of the study will made available to researchers, clinicians and health professionals through publications in international journals and presentations in conferences.Trial registration number: NCT04804228. Recruiting
Measuring the Effective Dispersal of an Emerging Coastal Weed, Euphorbia Paralias (Sea Spurge), To Help Inform its Eradication.
Authors: Thomson Fiona Joanne
Published: October 2021

Understanding dispersal and establishment patterns of invasive plant species is critical information to help control and eradicate their populations. Euphorbia paralias, sea spurge, is a highly invasive weed that can be a serious threat to coastal environments. Two recent incursions of E. paralias on New Zealand’s coastline consisted of one reproductive adult surrounded by several hundred juveniles, providing the opportunity to gather effective dispersal distance data for this species. Using these two separate populations effective dispersal distances curves were created for E. paralias. It was found one adult led to the establishment of 213 healthy plants at NZ’s southern-most incursion and 484 healthy plants at the northern-most incursion. All plants were subsequently removed from the site. The maximum effective dispersal distance of 15.8m on land for E. paralias was larger than would be predicted by the majority of trait-based dispersal distance models and the estimate of ~ 2m in the literature. These results show that E. paralias can establish large healthy populations, making it a considerable threat to coastal environments. However, populations around an adult plant are fairly concentrated at the very early stages of invasion (90% of offspring < 5.5m from the adult) providing opportunities to remove the seed bank at incursion sites. Early detection of E. paralias populations using comprehensive surveillance and removal of any new populations (seed and establishing plants) will be essential components for the success in any eradication programme for sea spurge.
(f, g)- Derivation In Residuated Multilattices
Authors: Yemene Darline Laure Keubeng , Fotso Luc Emery Diekouam , Lele Celestin
Published: October 2021

This paper’s primary goal, is to extend the study of (f, g)-derivation to residuated multilattices with some examples and to study the first properties. We study ideal (f, g)- derivation and investigate several of its properties.
Formulation of a novel drinking water quality index equation with the application of multi-criteria decision making techniques
Authors: Deb Deepjyoti , Chakraborty Tilottama , Majumder Mrinmoy
Published: October 2021

Water Quality Index elucidates the complexity in assessing water quality by converting the results of various parameters into a single number for a precise interpretation of the condition of concerning water. The present study focuses on implementing Multi-Criteria decision-making techniques, namely, Analytical Hierarchy Process and Analytical Networking Process, in estimating the relative weighted significance values of the water quality parameters based on three novel criteria like Cost, Potability, and Taste. The suggested Water Quality Index technique utilizes these weighted values of the water quality parameters in depicting and expressing the water quality level in the form of an index value. Dissolved Oxygen has emerged as the most persuasive factor in evaluating water quality for drinking purposes in this study. This paper has also suggested modifying the standard weighted arithmetic water quality index for higher accuracy in results. Furthermore, Sensitivity analysis is performed to corroborate the Multi-Criteria Decision Making approach in index assessment. The accuracy of the Water Quality Index analysis shall improve if a fixed set of criteria and their preference are asserted and justified based on which the water quality parameters are ranked. Their weighted significance values will be estimated accordingly.
A Single Center, Open-Labeled Trial To Investigate The Pharmacokinetics of Insulin Detemir in Healthy Taiwanese Subjects
Authors: Kwok Ching Fai , Ho Low-Tone
Published: October 2021

Backgrounds: Insulin detemir(nn304) is a long-acting insulin analogue reported to provide more predictable blood glucose level throughout the day, leading to a lower within-subject variability compared to NPH insulin. Pharmacokinetic profiles of insulin detemir had not been investigated in Taiwanese. This study was to determine whether there is a differencebetween Taiwanese subjects in pharmacokinetic profile of insulin detemir compared to Caucasian subjects.Methods: Pharmacokinetic profile of insulin detemir was measured in twenty male Taiwaneses(nn304-3023). Eligible subjects were given insulin detemir as a single dose subcutaneous injection at 0.5 U/kg body weight in the mid-thigh using NovoPen® 3 device. 32-hour serum insulin detemir concentrations were measured. Hypoglycemia and adverse events were recorded. The results were compared to data obtained from a previous trial inCaucasian subjects (nn304-1451).Results: There was no significant difference between Taiwanese (nn304-3023) and Caucasian(nn304-1451) in the primary endpoint, AUC(0–∝), and the secondary endpoints, AUC(0–24h), and t1/2. However, the secondary endpoints, Cmax was 40% higher, tmax was shorter(270.0 vs. 420.0 min) and AUC(0–5h) was 2-fold more in Taiwanese. When only male subjects were included in the comparator trial (nn304-1451), the t1/2 was significantly shorter in Taiwanese(348 min vs 404 min). There was no significant difference in the mean blood glucose concentrations between Taiwanese and Caucasian subjects. A single episode of hypoglycemia(53 mg/dL) was reported in a 24-year-old male approximately 2.5 hours after the administration of insulin detemir. He was able to treat himself for the episode.Conclusion: In this pharmacokinetic evaluation of a single dose administration of insulin detemir in Taiwanese male subjects, the AUC(0–∝), and AUC(0–24h) were not different from that of Caucasians in the comparator trial. However, insulin detemir appeared to be more rapidly absorbed in Taiwanese males. Further studies are warranted to elucidate its pharmacodynamic response and mechanisms. Finally, there was no clinically relevant safety concern raised in this study. (Funded by research grant from Novo Nordisk, Taiwan; first registration date 22/12/2011 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01497587.
Loss of Autophagy In Tibial Growth Plate Chondrocytes Causes Increased Chondrocyte Apoptosis In Young Rats With Chronic Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Wang Xiao-jian , Lu Xiao , Guo Song-jia , Tian Wei , Wu Jian-bo
Published: October 2021

Background: To observed the effect of autophagy in tibial growth plate chondrocytes on apoptosis in chronic renal insufficiency(CRI) rats.Method: Male 4-week-old Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups (n=20/per group): (1) the normal group was intragastrically administered distilled water; and (2) the CRI group was given a 150 mg/(kg·d) adenine suspension. All rats were sacrificed after continuous gavage for 6 weeks. The tibial length and the width of the tibial growth plate were measured using micro-CT. The width of the tibial growth plate was also measured in histological sections at both 4 w and 10 w. The level of the autophagy marker Beclin-1 in chondrocytes was measured by immunofluorescence. The level of glycogenin-1, a marker of intracellular glycogen accumulation, was measured by immunohistochemistry in chondrocytes in vivo and in vitro. The apoptosis rate of chondrocytes was measured by the TUNEL method in vivo and in vitro.Results: The results showed that the length of tibia was shorter and the width of tibia growth plate was narrower in CRF young rats. Autophagy level of chondrocytes in tibial growth plate decreased, and accumulation of glycogen granules in chondrocytes increased significantly. Meanwhile, the apoptosis rate of chondrocytes in tibial growth plate increased.Conclusion: When CRF occurred in young rats, the autophagy level of chondrocytes in tibial growth plate decreased significantly.As a result, there are not enough autophagic vesicles to swallow glycogen granules in chondrocytes and degrade them into glucose for energy supply, which leads to chondrocyte apoptosis.Autophagy of chondrocytes is at least partly involved in energy metabolism of cells.
Kimura Disease With Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: A Case Report
Authors: Fan Ruiyun , Xu Guopeng , Chen Ying , Lv Jinghuan , Zhang Zhongwei
Published: October 2021

Background: Kimura disease (KD) is a rare chronic idiopathic condition of unknown etiology that is prevalent in Asian males. It often causes subcutaneous lumps and enlarged lymph nodes, especially in head and neck region. But KD is also a systemic disease that can involve multiple organs, such as the kidneys and skin. Case presentation: Here, we report a 62-year-old Chinese man who was characterized by paroxysmal cough, enlarged inguinal lymph nodes, recurrent skin itching, and elevated IgE antibodies specific to A. fumigatus. After a comprehensive inspection, the final diagnosis for this patient was KD with Atopic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA). Conclusions: The age of onset and the location of the lump involved were not the most common. This study described the patient’s diagnosis and treatment process. The coexistence of the two special diseases will provide clinicians with some enlightenment on the etiology of KD. Moreover, we hope to arouse the attention of multidisciplinary team to explore the potential relationship between KD and ABPA. It will contribute to preventing the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of KD.
Prebiotic Synthesis of α-Amino Acids and Orotate from α-Ketoacids Potentiates Transition to Extant Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Krishnamurthy Ramanarayanan , Pulletikurti Sunil , Yadav Mahipal , Springsteen Greg
Published: October 2021

The Strecker reaction of aldehydes is the preeminent pathway to explain the prebiotic origins of a-amino acids. However, biology employs transamination of a-ketoacids to give rise to amino acids which are then transformed to nucleobases, implying subsequent evolution of the biosynthetic pathways – abiotically or biotically. Herein, we show that a-ketoacids react with cyanide and ammonia sources to form the corresponding a-amino acids – via the Bucherer-Bergs pathway. An efficient prebiotic transformation of oxaloacetate to aspartate via N-carbamoyl aspartate enables the simultaneous formation of dihydroorotate, paralleling the biochemical synthesis of orotate as the precursor to pyrimidine nucleobases. Glyoxylate forms both glycine and orotate, and reacts with malonate and urea to form aspartate and dihydroorotate. These results, along with the previously demonstrated protometabolic analogs of the Krebs cycle suggest that there can be a natural emergence of congruent forerunners of biological pathways with the potential for seamless transition from prebiotic chemistry to modern metabolism.
Development of a 95 SNP Panel To Individually Genotype Mountain Lions (Puma Concolor) For Microfluidic and Other Genotyping Platforms
Authors: Buchalski Michael , Sacks Benjamin , Ahrens Kristen , Gustafson Kyle , Rudd Jaime , Ernest Holly , Dellinger Justin
Published: October 2021

The mountain lion (Puma concolor) is one of the few remaining large predators in California, USA with density estimation from fecal genotypes becoming an essential component of conservation and management. In highly urbanized southern California, mountain lions are fragmented into small, inbred populations making proper marker selection critical for individual identification. We developed a panel of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that can be used for consistent, routine mountain lion monitoring by different laboratories. We used a subset of existing Illumina HiSeq data for 104 individuals from throughout California to design a single, highly heterozygous multiplex of 95 SNPs for the Fluidigm platform. This panel confidently differentiates individual mountain lions, identifies sex, and discriminates mountain lions from bobcats. The panel performed well on fecal DNA extracts and based on design, had sufficient resolution to differentiate individual genotypes in even the population with lowest genetic diversity in southern California.
A Simulation Method for the Optimization of Cooling Water Slot Structure in Slab Continuous Casting Mold Combined With SEN
Authors: Om Sang Chol , Kim Dong-Gil , Pak Chong-Il , Kim Hak-Yong , Kim Il-Un
Published: October 2021

The temperature field in the full 3D finite element mold model combined with submerged entry nozzle(SEN)(Full SEN-3D FEMM) is simulated with Fluent of ANSYS 18.0 Package to apply the maximum heat flux density on the heat face of mold copper plate obtained through this simulation to the element model of the copper plate, and thermal stress and strain simulations on the copper plate and stainless back ones are conducted with Workbench of ANSYS 18.0 Package to confirm the reasonable designing factors for the water slot structure on the copper plate. The maximum heat flux densities on the wide and narrow heat faces of the copper plates are given on the initial shock areas of molten steel flux injected through SEN. With constant heat flux density on the heat face, the more the thickness of copper plate increases, the more the max- and min temperatures increase and the difference between them decreases. Elastic and plastic deformations on the copper plate are made during continuous casting(CC) process; the former occurs around the water slots and the latter around the heat face with the highest temperature, which regards 20-18-17 as the most reasonable one among 4 plans for the water slot structure.
The Combined Effects of Wood Vinegar and Perfluorooctanoic Acid on Enzymatic Activities, DNA Integrity and Gene Transcription in Dugesia Japonica
Authors: Zhang Jianyong , Sun Na , Sun Jingyi , Wang Bin , Chen Xiaoran , Lv Ziheng , Liu Jing , Zhao Bosheng , Yuan Zuoqing
Published: October 2021

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been identified widely in aquatic environments, while there are few reports detailing the environmental risk of wood vinegar (WV) on freshwater ecosystems. We used freshwater planarians, Dugesia japonica, to evaluate the combined effects of PFOA and WV by examining the adverse influence of enzymatic activities, DNA damage and gene transcription on planarians. Compared with control and PFOA groups, the malonaldehyde content was lower in planarians treated with WV. In addition, WV enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and mitochondrial enzymes, relieving the toxicity effects of PFOA. We also studied the genotoxicity of PFOA and WV on planarians using the comet assay. WV decreased the proportion of DNA in the tail and the olive tail moment. Furthermore, expression of gpx, gst and gr genes in planarians was significantly altered following exposure to both PFOA and WV, compared with individual exposure. Our results suggest that WV could alleviate the adverse effects of PFOA on the aquatic environment, but ecological risk assessments and toxicological safety evaluations of WV are necessary.
Sparse Representation Optimization of Gaussian Mixed Feature of Image Based on Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Ye Yuguang
Published: October 2021

With the rapid development of intelligent algorithm and image processing technology, the limitations of traditional image processing methods are more and more obvious. Based on this, this paper studies a new pattern of sparse representation optimization of image Gaussian mixture feature based on convolution neural network, and designs a sparse representation system model of vehicle detection image based on convolution neural network. The vehicle image data is collected from many aspects, and the convolution neural network is used for comprehensive analysis and evaluation. The model can extract the feature information of the vehicle detection image better by making the scheme of the real-time vehicle detection image and according to the image features and convolution neural network algorithm. The results show that the Gaussian mixture feature sparse representation optimization model based on convolution neural network has the advantages of high feasibility, high data accuracy and high response speed, which can enhance the processing efficiency of vehicle detection image and improve the utilization of local environmental information in the image.
Early-Childhood Feeding Practices Among Mexican Indigenous Population A Qualitative Study
Authors: Vera-Becerra Luz E , Rodriguez-Guerra Ana I , MARTINEZ-CORDERO CLAUDIA
Published: October 2021

Breast feeding and complementary feeding practices are crucial for health across the life. The purpose of the study was to know some infant feeding practices in a Mexican indigenous population. Twenty Mexican indigenous mothers with children under two-year age answered a semi-structured interview. Most of the mothers reported to feed their children with breast milk during the first months, although exclusive breastfeeding did not meet the recommended time mainly due to cultural factors. We conclude the mothers followed the preferences and signals of the child for complementary feeding, and instinctively determined how and when to offer different foods to breast milk.
Efficacy of Precesarean Infrarenal Abdominal Aorta Balloon Occlusion Among Women With Pernicious Placenta Previa and Placenta Accreta: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Wei Xuemin , Chen Yan , Cheng Weiwei
Published: October 2021

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic balloon occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta among women with pernicious placenta previa and placenta accreta.Methods This retrospective study included 110 patients with pernicious placenta previa and placenta accreta. The control group consisted of 55 patients who underwent cesarean section alone, and the study group included 55 patients who underwent precesarean prophylactic balloon occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. In addition, both of the groups were further divided according to FIGO clinical grading standards. Prevention of hysterectomy was the primary outcome evaluated. The secondary outcomes included operative duration, estimated blood loss, blood transfusion, intensive care unit admission, total hospital stay (days), and puerperal morbidity, and these data were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the neonatal outcomes were compared.Results There were no significant differences in maternal and neonatal outcomes in the PAS 2 and PAS 3 groups (P > 0.05). However, in the PAS 4 and PAS 5 groups, the amount of bleeding in the study group was significantly less than that in the control group (3533.3 ± 2391.4 vs 4293.6 ± 1235.4, P < 0.05), and the total hysterectomy rate was also lower (7.8% vs 13.2%, P < 0.05).Conclusion Precesarean infrarenal abdominal aortic balloon occlusion is an effective and safe option for treating pernicious placenta previa and placenta accreta and can effectively reduce the risk of hysterectomy and intraoperative blood loss in women with PAS grade 4-5.
The Criticality of Tourism Development, Economic Complexity, and Country Security on Ecological Footprint
Authors: Lee Chien-Chiang , Chen Mei-Ping , Wu Wenmin
Published: October 2021

What kinds of countries are likely to be prosperous and have a sustainable environment at the same time? How might countries reorient their policy setting to be more capable of suppressing environmental degradation? To explore these questions, this research takes the six major kinds of ecological footprint (EF) as indicators of environmental quality and probes the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. We find that tourism development corresponds to more usage of carbon absorption land and cropland. Second, the lower (higher) a nation’s security is, the better (worse) is its the environmental quality. Third, economic complexity worsens environmental quality and does not effectively resolve environmental degradation. Fourth, country security weakens the negative influence of tourism development (economic complexity) on environmental quality. Fifth, increasing tourist arrivals should reach a specific level in order to raise the ecological footprint, which leads to greater environmental sacrifice. Sixth, the inverted U-shape relationship of economic complexity at the lowest to intermediate cropland quantiles supports the economic complexity-induced EKC hypothesis. Seventh, the country security-induced EKC hypothesis is supported in some specific EF quantiles. Finally, we show that tourism arrivals, economic complexity, and country security have varying impacts across diverse ecological footprint quantiles.
Contradictions and Continuities: A Historical Context to Euro-American Settlement Era Fires of the Lake States, USA.
Authors: Meunier Jed
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe Lake States experienced unprecedented land use changes during Euro-American settlement (settlement) including large, destructive fires. Forest changes were radical in this region and largely attributed to anomalous settlement era fires in slash (cumulation of tops and branches) following cutover logging. In this study I place settlement era fires in a historical context by examining fire scar data in comparison to historical accounts and investigate fire-vegetation-climate relationships within a 400-year context.ResultsSettlement era fires (1851–1947) were less frequent than historical fires (1548–1850) with little evidence that slash impacted fire frequency or occurrence at site or ecoregion scales. Only one out of 25 sites had more frequent settlement era fires and that site was a pine forest that had never been harvested. Settlement era fires were similar across disparate ecoregions and forest types including in areas with very different land use history. Settlement fires tended to burn during significantly dry periods, the same conditions driving large fires for the past 400 years. The burned area in the October 8, 1871 Peshtigo Fire was comprised of mesic forests where fuels were always abundant and high-severity fires would be expected given the conditions in 1871. Furthermore, slash would not have been a major contributor to fire behavior or effects in the Peshtigo Fire.Conclusions﻿Historical records, like written accounts of fires and settlement era survey records, provide a reference point for landscape changes but lack temporal depth to understand forest dynamics or provide a mechanistic understanding of changes. While settlement land use changes of Lake States forests were pervasive, fires were not the ultimate degrading factor, but rather likely one of the few natural processes still at work.
Hydrochemical Characteristics and Quality Assessment of Shallow Groundwater in Yangtze River Delta of Eastern China
Authors: Lu Taotao , Li Runzhe , Ferrer Aira Sacha Nadine , Xiong Shuang , Zou Pengfei , Peng Hao
Published: October 2021

The water resource is highly demanded in the Yangtze River Delta with a developed economy. Long-term exploitation has posed threats of artificial pollution and seawater intrusion to the shallow groundwater. This study aimed to reveal the hydrochemical characteristics and health risks of shallow groundwater in the coastal plain of the Yangtze River Delta. Also, possible factors affecting groundwater quality were discussed. Methods, such as typical hydrochemical tests, water quality assessment and health risk models, were applied to achieve the study targets. The results showed that the shallow groundwater was slightly alkaline, and the average values of total dissolved solids (TDS) and total hardness (TH) were 930.74 mg/L and 436.20 mg/L, respectively. The main hydrochemical types of groundwater were Ca+Mg–HCO3 and Ca/Na–HCO3, accounting for 44.3% and 47.5%, respectively. In addition, As concentration was generally high, with a mean value of 0.0115 mg/L. The principal factors affecting the groundwater components include water-rock interactions (especially silicate), cation exchange, seawater intrusion and human activities. As in the groundwater is strongly influenced by the redox of Fe, Mn, and NO3-. The results of the groundwater quality evaluation indicated that the shallow groundwater in some regions was unsuitable for drinking and agricultural irrigation. Health risk assessment showed that 44.3% of the water samples had significant health risks, which was attributed to the high As concentration. Therefore, it is urgent to establish long-term As monitoring to maintain sustainable groundwater management and drinking water safety. The results of this study can provide essential data for water resource management and human health protection in the Yangtze River Delta.