bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Digital Empowerment Promotes Rural Autonomous Governance? — A Case Study of Houwei Village, Xingdian Street, Pukou District, Nanjing
Authors: Li Xiu , Yang Zhixuan , Liu Yinglu
Published: February 2025

This paper uses Houwei Village, Xingdian Street, Pukou District, Nanjing, as a case study to explore how agricultural IoT, smart community services, and e-commerce platforms empower rural governance and enhance villagers' subjectivity and governance effectiveness. By leveraging these digital tools, the paper also examines their contribution to building sustainable rural communities, in line with the global goal of promoting sustainable cities and communities.
On The Convergence of (p1, . . . , pn)-multiple Series
Authors: Zanu Pebrudal , Maharani Dian , Robby
Published: February 2025

It is a basic fact that a p-series is a convergent series if p > 1. We generalize the p-series into the form of (p1, . . . , pn)-multiple series. Through a few lemmas, we derive a necessary and sufficient condition for such multiple series to converge. We also obtain the relation between the Riemann Zeta and Eta functions in double-series form.
Energy Conservation of Linear Wave Equations on Equilateral Quantum Graphs
Authors: Burhan Mohammad Januar Ismail , Soeharyadi Yudi
Published: February 2025

We study the conservation of energy of the linear wave equation on an equilateral quantum graph. We equipped the quantum graph with Dirichlet and Neumann-Kirchhoff. We also show that the linear wave’s energy conservation remains relevant on the quantum graph. Moreover, our results are any properties of the conservation problem on the quantum graph and simulation that show the energy is conserved using the amplitude of the solution of linear wave equations on each edge.
Eigenvalues of Volterra Operator
Authors: Maharani Dian , Rahman Hairur , Nugroho Fresy , Lestari Tri Mukti , Buditjahjanto I.G.P. Asto , Pebrianti Dwi , Hammad Jehad A.H. , Fachri Moch.
Published: February 2025

Integral equations frequently appear in many mechanics problems. Several of them are grouped based on the location of an unknown function or the integration interval. Here we have a boundary problem that will be rearranged into Volterra integral equation. From this equation, the integral operator (namely the Volterra operator) will be developed by determining the kernel. Then the eigenvalues of this operator will be sought.
Stability Analysis of Mixing Problem with Cascading Tanks
Authors: Robby  , Widjaja Jalina
Published: February 2025

Several cases of mixing problems which yield to a system of first order differential equations are investigated. When the perfectly mixed assumption is lifted, the model will be changed into a system of delay differential equation. The method of steps can be employed to find its solution. The behavior of the solutions is also compared to the behavior of the solution of the corresponding ordinary equations, especially its stability. The stability aspect can be analyzed by considering the solution of the characteristic equation corresponding to its system.
Dynamics of a Modified Sprott A System
Authors: Rohman Muhammad Nuur , Tuwankotta Johan Matheus , Harjanto Eric
Published: February 2025

We examine a modified Sprott A system, one of the 17 chaotic systems without equilibria introduced by Jafari, Sprott, and Golpayegani (2013). For specific parameter values, the modified system exhibits invariant spheres. Using a stereographic map, we analyze the stability of the equilibria and demonstrate that all orbits, except for the unstable equilibrium, converge to the stable equilibrium. For other parameter values, the system has neither invariant spheres nor equilibria. Instead, the state space is foliated by tori.
On the relation between mixed Morrey spaces and mixed Morrey double-sequence spaces
Authors: Gunawan Hendra , Kikianty Eder , Hakim Denny Ivanal , Ifronika  , Yudatama Rizma
Published: February 2025

In this article, we prove that mixed Morrey double-sequence spaces can be realized as a subspace of mixed Morrey spaces. Our proof extends a similar result for discrete Morrey spaces, obtained by Kikianty and Schwanke in 2019. As an application, we provide simple proofs of several inclusion results in mixed Morrey spaces and mixed Morrey double-sequence spaces.
Implementation of Persistent Homology in Survival Analysis for Correlated and Longitudinal Data: A case study of COVID-19 Spread in Indonesia
Authors: Amartiwi Utih , Kholodov Yaroslav A.
Published: February 2025

Most survival models assume no autocorrelation between objects and time-independence. However, in many cases of disease spread, an object can potentially affect its neighbors, and the feature may change over time. To address these issues, we implemented persistent homology, a topological data analysis (TDA) approach, to handle the problems of correlated and longitudinal data. We applied this to the case of the first infection time of COVID-19 in each province in Indonesia, using the human mobility index as a feature. The results show that survival models with persistent homology achieved a higher C-Index than those without persistent homology.
The Linear Combination of ARIMA Models in Constructing the Areal Rainfall Using Thiessen Polygon Weighted Method
Authors: Rozzaq Hamidi Muhammad , Mukhaiyar Utriweni , Sri Rezeki Elizabet , Ratu Dianti Naila , Maulana Rohat Abdan
Published: February 2025

The construction of areal rainfall is crucial aspects in water resource management and disaster risk mitigation. The areal rainfall can be constructed as the linear combination of the actual rainfall in each stasion in the respected area. Thus, the rainfall modeling also be crucial. This research explores the integration of ARIMA models for temporal rainfall analysis and Thiessen polygon method for spatial analysis in contruction of areal rainfall. The ARIMA was used to model monthly cumulative rainfall of eight rain gauge stations in Tasikmalaya area. The areal rainfall was subsequently constructed using the Thiessen polygon method based on actual rainfall, taking into account the spatial heterogeneity of the observation stations. It is obtained that the AR(1) is the appropriate model for the actual rainfall in each rain gauge station. Further analysis showed that a linear combination of AR(1) model from the rain gauge stations resulted in a consistent AR(1) model for areal rainfall. This research successfully provided practical and analytical evidence that a linear combinations of multiple AR(1) models result in a consistent AR(1) model.
Governing the Olympic Winter Games: Reflections from Canada
Authors: Parent Milena M.
Published: February 2025

As we celebrate 100 years of the Olympic Winter Games, it is an appropriate time to reflect on these Games and particularly on their governance. In this paper, I examine the governance of the Olympic Winter Games from a Canadian perspective and reflect on why there have been multiple failed bids and what it means for the Olympic Winter Games and their owner, the International Olympic Committee, moving forward. From the previous studies on Canadian Olympic (Winter) Games governance and documentary evidence from the more recent bid attempts, I show how the structure and processes, institutions and procedures, and multijurisdictional and multisectoral nature of the Games in Canada allowed the country, in the past, to be innovative in its governance and the actors brought onboard, such as the Four Host First Nations. However, current national realities (e.g., reconciliation efforts with the Indigenous communities) have challenged established (Western colonial) ways of doing and led, at least in part, to the failed bids. Yet, the Indigenous way of governing may be a light of hope for the International Olympic Committee as it struggles with a lacklustre reputation and its need to address the environmental sustainability of the Olympic Winter Games.
Übergabesituationen im perioperativen Prozess interprofessionell gestalten
Authors: Schiller Benjamin
Published: February 2025

Die Übergabe von Patient*innen ist ein komplexer Vorgang, der Struktur benötigt. Für den Prozess im perioperativen Bereich können unterschiedliche Assessments angewendet werden. Eine Übersicht.
Bereit für den Ernstfall?! Krisenmanagement und Brandschutz im Krankenhaus
Authors: Schenkel Viktoria , Stettner Florian , Solarek André
Published: February 2025

Krankenhäuser sind in vielen (Krisen-)Fällen eine der ersten Anlaufstellen nicht nur für Patient*innen und Angehörige, sondern auch für sonstige Hilfesuchende. Das Krisenmanagement eines Krankenhauses muss daher auf verschiedene Szenarien vorbereitet sein, um in Krisensituationen effektiv handeln zu können. Oberstes Ziel ist es, die Integrität der Einrichtung zu bewahren und sie somit jederzeit handlungsfähig zu halten. Die Resilienz von Krankenhäusern, also deren Fähigkeit mit Krisen umzugehen, und insbesondere die Steuerung und Vorbereitung auf Krisensituationen ist in der aktuellen Zeit von besonderer Relevanz.
Kardiotechnik im OP
Authors: Nester Jana , Dreizler Thomas
Published: February 2025

Ohne die Kardiotechnik sind die meisten herzchirurgischen Eingriffe nicht möglich. Zu den Hauptaufgaben der Perfusionistinnen und Perfusionisten zählt, die Herz-Lungen-Maschine zu überwachen und zu steuern. Wir stellen das anspruchsvolle und vielseitige Berufsbild vor.
Gesundheit Nord: Opposition empört über Bauprojekt-Neuplanung
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: February 2025

Eines der größten Projekte der Gesundheit Nord im Rahmen ihrer Restrukturierung muss in Teilen neu geplant werden. Dadurch wird es nicht nur teurer, sondern auch später fertig. Die Bremer CDU wirft dem Klinikverbund gravierende Planungs- und Managementprobleme vor.
E-Health: Kommt jetzt die digitale Wende, Herr Fuhrmann?
Authors: Doelfs Guntram , Lang Michael
Published: February 2025

Dr. Florian Fuhrmann ist Vorsitzender der neuen dreiköpfigen Geschäftsführung der Gematik. Im Interview spricht er über die Entscheidungsspielräume der neuen Geschäftsführung der Gematik, das gescheiterte Digital-Agentur-Gesetz und die Einführung der elektronischen Patientenakte (ePA).
Krankenhausreform: Mit Schwung und im Miteinander umsetzen
Authors: Scholz Jens
Published: February 2025

Es gilt, was auf dem Tisch liegt: Das Krankenhausversorgungsverbesserungsgesetz (KHVVG) ist am 1. Januar 2025 in Kraft getreten.
Local conditional topological pressure for amenable group actions
Authors: Wang Minghan , Wu Weisheng , Xiao Jianrong
Published: February 2025

In this article, we introduce topological pressure with sub-additive potentials with respect to an open cover conditioned by a fixed finite Borel partition for amenable group actions, and establish a local conditional variational principle for it. As an application, we obtain variational principles for upper and lower conditional metric mean dimensions with sub-additive potentials, in terms of conditional measure-theoretic entropy.
Nonlinear light control in optical couplers: Harnessing PPTT-symmetry for enhanced beam propagation
Authors: Jaseera C. P. , Aysha Muhsina K. , Thasneem A. R.
Published: February 2025

This study explored the evolution of nonlinear eigenmodes in coupled optical systems supported by PT-symmetric Rosen–Morse complex potential, in which one channel is with gain and the other is with loss. We assessed that the threshold potential above which PT-symmetry breakdown occurs is enhanced by coupling constant, by examining low- and high-frequency eigenmodes of ground and first excited states. The stability of eigenmodes was verified by stability analysis using Bogoliubov–de-Gennes (BdG) equations and it was established that even though the Rosen–Morse potential-supported system can create eigenmodes, it cannot support stable soliton solutions for any potential values. The investigation was extended using the modified Rosen–Morse potential that is nearly PT-symmetric and deduced the conditions for better-defined thresholds, improved damping of growth of perturbation which destabilizes eigenmodes, and advanced control mechanisms to manage perturbations and potential interactions. Propagation dynamics of the eigenmodes and power switching between channels have been studied and the controlling mechanism has been discussed to use coupled systems as optical regulators to precisely direct light between multiple paths. We have explored the significance of couplers in signal-processing applications because they control the intensity of various frequency modes. Optical couplers can be used to develop devices that let light travel in one direction while restricting it in the other which find applications in optical sensing.
Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasmas: A topical review through representative results obtained over the last 60 years
Authors: Svarnas P.
Published: February 2025

The present review is devoted to the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasmas. Considering that the electromagnetic wave absorption using the ECR concept has been employed since the 1960s, it becomes obvious that the coverage of the field of the ECR plasma physics, engineering, applications, and prospectives in its entirety would be a utopia in the context of a single report. Thus, the backbone of this work is a meaningful categorization of the wide applications of the ECR plasmas (Secs. III, V, and VI), by citing representative publications. The applications mainly refer to surface processes (etching, deposition, nano-construction, functionalization, cleaning, etc.), biotechnology, thrusters, and ion sources. The text also focuses on the details of different ECR setup designs, as they are tailored for specific projects. At the same time, physical parameters and the pros and cons of the ECR discharges are evaluated. This approach leads to a brief but telling compilation of the state of the art of the ECR-driven plasmas over the last 60 years (mainly 1960–2023) as well as of their prospective aspects. An introductory discussion on the ECR plasma history (Sec. I) and on the fundamental principles of the ECR heating, multipolar confinement, technical aspects, practical setups, and features of ECR plasmas (Sec. II) is given at the early beginning of this work, facilitating, thus, the consideration of the topics that follow. Special attention is paid to the distributed or modular ECR plasmas (Sec. IV) since they may mirror the road map for engineering the future ECR plasma systems. The review is throughout supported by future-proof classic and up-to-date bibliographies to encourage further reading and to fill any information gap that inevitably appears in the present work. It is underlined that the main claims or conclusions of most of the cited works are here reproduced intentionally. In other words, it is the pretension of the present article to become a quick, but pithy, guide on the ECR plasmas and on the results achieved over the last 60 years, for potential readers of different disciplines and various backgrounds. Finally, Sec. VII recaps the present perspective on the ECR plasmas, and it points to the ECR plasma prospectives.
Coherence resonance and energy dynamics in a memristive map neuron
Authors: Lei Zhao , Ma Jun
Published: February 2025

Nonlinear circuits can be tamed to produce similar firing patterns as those detected from biological neurons, and some suitable neural circuits can be obtained to propose reliable neuron models. Capacitor C and inductor L contribute to energy storage while resistors consume energy, and the time constant RC or L/R provides a reference scale for neural responses. The inclusion of memristors introduces memory effects by coupling energy flow with the historical states of the circuit. A nonlinear resistor introduces nonlinearity, enriching the circuit's dynamic characteristics. In this work, a neural circuit is constructed and one branch circuit contains a constant voltage source E. The relation between physical variables is confirmed and a memristive oscillator with an exact energy function is proposed. Furthermore, an equivalent map neuron is derived when a linear transformation is applied to the sampled variables of the oscillator-like neuron. The energy function for the memristive oscillator is calculated following Helmholtz's theorem, and the memristive map is expressed with an energy description. It is found that the energy of the periodic state is higher than that of the chaotic state, which highlights the key role of energy in mode conversion. Noise-induced coherence resonance or stochastic resonance is induced under an external field. The adaptive control mechanism influenced by Hamilton energy is investigated, revealing its impact on neural mode transitions. These findings bridge the gap between physical circuit design and neural modeling, providing theoretical insights into applications in neuromorphic computing, signal processing, and energy-efficient control systems.
Role of anisotropic confining potential and elliptical driving in dynamics of a Ge hole qubit
Authors: Dey Bashab , Schliemann John
Published: February 2025

The squeezing of a Ge planar quantum dot enhances the Rabi frequency of electric dipole spinresonance by several orders of magnitude due to a strong Direct Rashba spin-orbit interaction (DR-SOI) in such geometries [Phys. Rev. B 104, 115425 (2021)]. We investigate the geometric effectof an elliptical (squeezed) confinement and its interplay with the polarization of driving field indetermining the Rabi frequency of a heavy-hole qubit in a planar Ge quantum dot. To calculatethe Rabi frequency, we consider only the p-linear SOIs viz. electron-like Rashba, hole-like Rashbaand hole-like Dresselhaus which are claimed to be the dominant ones by recent studies on planarGe heterostructures. We derive approximate analytical expressions of the Rabi frequency using aSchrieffer-Wolff transformation for small SOI and driving strengths. Firstly, for an out-of-planemagnetic field with magnitude B, we get an operating region with respect to B, squeezing andpolarization parameters where the qubit can be operated to obtain ‘clean’ Rabi flips. On andclose to the boundaries of the region, the higher orbital levels strongly interfere with the two-levelqubit subspace and destroy the Rabi oscillations, thereby putting a limitation on squeezing of theconfinement. The Rabi frequency shows different behaviour for electron-like and hole-like RashbaSOIs. It vanishes for right (left) circular polarization in presence of purely electron-like (hole-like) Rashba SOI in a circular confinement. For both in- and out-of-plane magnetic fields, higherRabi frequencies are achieved for squeezed configurations when the ellipses of polarization and theconfinement equipotential have their major axes aligned but with different eccentricities. We alsodeduce a simple formula to calculate the effective heavy hole mass by measuring the Rabi frequenciesusing this setup.
‘ChatGPT did my homework’: lessons learnt from embedding a chatbot in undergraduate coursework
Authors: Elson Lucy , Gaughan Lauren , Hopton Benjamin , LIoyd-Brown Stephen , Briggs Christopher , Gharamti Moustafa , Moriarty Philip
Published: February 2025

OpenAI’s ChatGPT, a formidable large language model (LLM) based on a generative pre-trained transformer architecture, has a remarkable, and rather unsettling, ability to solve conceptually challenging physics problems. One of the more impressive demonstrations of ChatGPT’s capabilities in this regard is its expert-physicist-level performance on the questions that make up the Force Concept Inventory [CG West, https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.01067]. Motivated by the deep implications of these advances in LLM technologies for student learning, attainment, and assessment, we asked a class of undergraduate physics students (N = 119) to use ChatGPT to solve problems, and write Python code, related to the eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian of the 1D quantum harmonic oscillator—a staple of introductory quantum mechanics courses. We discuss the significant pitfalls we encountered when incorporating ChatGPT into coursework in this manner, and make recommendations as to how LLMs might be better embedded into the undergraduate physics curriculum.
Multifunctional bio-enzyme sensor empowered by bound states in the continuum via a Si-VO₂ metasurface
Authors: Wu Fengshi , Yu Shilin , He Yang , Gao Ziang , Zhao Tonggang
Published: February 2025

Bound states in the continuum (BIC) present a novel avenue for advancing high-quality factor metasurfaces, promising in high-performance lasers, sensors, and nonlinear optical devices at the nanoscale. Currently, sensors designed based on BIC have achieved good sensing performance. However, the functionality of current metasurface sensors is relatively singular, rendering them less chance in complex sensing scenarios. Specifically, taking a bio-enzyme metasurface sensor as an example, since different bio-enzymes have different optimal reaction temperatures, it is mostly inescapable to design multiple metasurface sensors for different bio-enzyme detection. In this paper, we developed a multifunctional sensor that can adapt to different reaction temperatures of bio-enzymes, meeting the requirements of multiple scenarios. The proposed metasurface consists of two elliptical cylinders, which can excite a high-Q quasi-BIC resonance by changing their rotation angles. By introducing VO₂ film, external ambient temperature can effectively manipulate the transmission modulation depth and quasi-BIC. Simulation results show the maximum relative modulation depth of the metasurface can reach 296%. When combined with bio-enzymes, the metasurface serves as a refractive index sensor with a sensitivity as high as 370 nm/RIU at 30℃ and 80℃. Our work provides insights for the design of highly integrated and tunable devices in the future.
Fusion of fractional vortex pairs and their transition to integer vortex controlled by optical power
Authors: Sun Chunzhi , Chen Xiangwei , Xu Huizhong , Liang Guo
Published: February 2025

The evolution of fractional vortex pairs in free space and nonlocal nonlinear media is studied. In free space, the off-axis fractional vortex pairs of the-same-sign topological charge (TC) will be merged to one integer vortex at the beam center, which is drastically different from the dynamics of integer vortex pairs. In nonlocal nonlinear media, the conversion between the fractional vortex pair and the conventional integer vortex can be readily achieved by only tuning the input optical power. Therefore our approach provides a convenient way to control the number of vortices and thus the number of optical tweezers by adjusting the input optical power. These results may find potential applications in optical manipulation of particles.
Non-conventional ultrasound transducer geometry facilitates remote light control within samples
Authors: Torres-Durall Jordi , Duocastella Marti
Published: February 2025

Light control inside a sample is central in areas as relevant as life sciences and material sciences. Traditionally, this is achieved by using external devices, which can be limited by a short working distance, scattering-limited focusing depth, and other device geometrical restrictions. A widely used solution consists of inserting lenses, optical fibers or mirrors directly inside a sample, as in endoscopy. However, this approach is invasive and can damage the studied medium. Recent advances in acousto-optics have shown promising results in controlling light inside media, but they usually require acoustic cavities, restricting sample geometry or compromising its non-invasiveness. Here, we report on the development of an ultrasound transducer that obviates the use of cavities and allows the external generation of an ultrasound lens inside a medium. When combined with pulsed illumination, the ultrasound lens can focus light down to a line and scan it across a 1.2 mm region in only 0.8 µs, while increasing peak intensities by a factor of 10. Additionally, the focused light shows a high robustness against scattering, as demonstrated when scanning a target sample at up to an optical thickness of 6. We anticipate that this work will be a step towards non-invasive light control inside samples.
Computational Complexity, Algorithmic Scope, and Evolution
Authors: Sidl Leonhard P , Faissner Maximilian , Uhlir Manuel , Velandia Huerto Cristian Arley Arley , Waldl Maria , YAO Hua-Ting , Hofacker Ivo , Stadler Peter F
Published: February 2025

Biological systems are widely regarded as performing computations. It is much less clear, however, what exactly is computed and how biological computation fits within the framework of standard computer science. Here we explore the idea that evolution confines biological computation to subsets of instances that can be solved efficiently with algorithms that are "hard-coded'" in the system itself. We use RNA secondary structure prediction as a simple surrogate for developmental programs to demonstrate that the salient features of the genotype-phenotype map remain intact even if ``simpler'' algorithms are employed that correctly compute the structures only for small subsets of instances, albeit quantitative differences depending on the choice of alternative algorithms can be observed.
Reform politics before 1830
Authors: Aidt Toke S , Franck Raphaël
Published: February 2025

This chapter briefly reviews the politics of parliamentary reform in Great Britain between 1642 and 1830—that is, before the reform process that culminated in the Great Reform Act of 1832 began. In so doing, it stresses the longer-term trends in the political attitudes to democracy and in the wider debate about the proper role of the elected House of Commons within the unwritten English constitution.
Jewish Law and International Law: The Past
Authors: Broyde Michael J , Elazar-De Mota Yehonatan
Published: February 2025

This chapter offers a historical survey of the interactions between Jewish law and international law from the sixteenth century until the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. It highlights critical moments when Jewish legal thought engaged with emerging international norms, particularly in areas such as trade, diplomacy, and treaties. The chapter details how Jewish communities, despite facing significant legal discrimination, contributed to the broader development of international legal principles. Through a series of historical case studies, the chapter demonstrates how Jewish law adapted to and influenced the evolving international legal landscape, laying the groundwork for modern legal integration.
eNODAL: an experimentally guided nutriomics data clustering method to unravel complex drug–diet interactions
Authors: Xu Xiangnan , Senior Alistair M , Le Couteur David G , Cogger Victoria C , Raubenheimer David , James David E , Parker Benjamin , Simpson Stephen J , Muller Samuel , Yang Jean Y H
Published: February 2025

Unraveling the complex interplay between nutrients and drugs via their effects on “omics” features could revolutionize our fundamental understanding of nutritional physiology, personalized nutrition, and, ultimately, human health span. Experimental studies in nutrition are starting to use large-scale “omics” experiments to pick apart the effects of such interacting factors. However, the high dimensionality of the omics features, coupled with complex fully factorial experimental designs, poses a challenge to the analysis. Current strategies for analyzing such types of data are based on between-feature correlations. However, these techniques risk overlooking important signals that arise from the experimental design and produce clusters that are hard to interpret. We present a novel approach for analyzing high-dimensional outcomes in nutriomics experiments, termed experiment-guided NutriOmics DatA cLustering (‘eNODAL’). This three-step hybrid framework takes advantage of both Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)-type analyses and unsupervised learning methods to extract maximum information from experimental nutriomics studies. First, eNODAL categorizes the omics features into interpretable groups based on the significance of response to the different experimental variables using an ANOVA-like test. Such groups may include the main effects of a nutritional intervention and drug exposure or their interaction. Second, consensus clustering is performed within each interpretable group to further identify subclusters of features with similar response profiles to these experimental factors. Third, eNODAL annotates these subclusters based on their experimental responses and biological pathways enriched within the subcluster. We validate eNODAL using data from a mouse experiment to test for the interaction effects of macronutrient intake and drugs that target aging mechanisms in mice.
High remnant cholesterol and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in healthy women and men ages 70-100
Authors: Riis Julie , Nordestgaard Børge G , Afzal Shoaib
Published: February 2025

Aims

High remnant cholesterol has been increasingly recognized as an important risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, uncertainty remains regarding this association in old age. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that higher remnant cholesterol is associated with higher incidence of ASCVD in healthy women and men aged 70-100.

Methods

90,875 women (57%) and men aged 20-100 and without ASCVD, diabetes, or lipid-lowering therapy at baseline were included in the Copenhagen General Population Study in 2003-2015. During a median follow-up of 12.8 years, 7,352 were diagnosed with ASCVD. Incidence rates and hazard ratios were calculated according to age and sex.

Results

The highest incidence rate of ASCVD was observed in individuals aged 70-100 with a remnant cholesterol level >1.0 mmol/L (>39 mg/dL) (23 per 1000 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 21-25). Likewise, incidence rates of ASCVD per 1.0 mmol/L (39 mg/dL) higher remnant cholesterol were highest in individuals aged 70-100. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratio for 1.0 mmol/L (39 mg/dL) higher remnant cholesterol was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.20-1.44) in those aged 70-100, which was comparable to hazard ratios in younger age groups. Similar relationships were observed for women and men separately.

Conclusion

Higher remnant cholesterol was associated with higher incidence of ASCVD in those aged 70-100. The present results suggest that while relative rates of ASCVD for high versus low remnant cholesterol do not increase with higher age, elevated remnant cholesterol contribute substantially to the absolute risk of ASCVD at age 70-100.
Antibiotic resistance profiles of Enterococcus spp. isolates discovered from food-producing mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) farmed in Central Italy
Authors: Ferri Gianluigi , Pennisi Luca , Olivieri Vincenzo , Olivastri Alberto , Festino Anna Rita , Vergara Alberto
Published: February 2025

Aims

This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance phenomenon (phenotypical and genotypical profiles) in Enterococcus isolates, enrolled as marine bio sentinels, identified from bivalve lamellibranches (Mytilus galloprovincialis) farmed for human consumption on three different mariculture farms located along the coasts of the Central Adriatic Sea (Italy).

Methods and results

A total of 790 samples were collected and microbiologically screened by using culture-dependent methods, which permitted the identification of 118 enterococci (86 Enterococcus faecium, 24 Enterococcus durans, and eight Enterococcus gallinarum). In the antimicrobial susceptibility tests, all the isolates were mainly resistant to tetracyclines (54.54%), vancomycin (45.45%), nitrofurantoin (31.81%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (15.90%), teicoplanin (9.09%), and linezolid (6.82%). Uniplex and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays amplified many antibiotic resistance genes such as tetA (49.15%), tetK (16.95%), tetL (15.25%), tetD (7.63%), vanD (13.56%), vanN (13.56%), nfsA (14.41%), cfr (11.02%), vgaA and vatD (10.17%), and qnrS (6.78%). The calculated multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR=0.21) and antibiotic resistance pattern abundance (ARPA=0.58) revealed relevant anthropic pollution from the identified Enterococcus isolates.

Conclusions

These findings confirm the involvement of the Enterococcus genus in the harboring of antimicrobial resistance genetic forms and highlight the consistent genetic trading that can remain silent in bacterial isolates.
Endoscopic approach to large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps
Authors: Gupta Sunil , He Tony , Mosko Jeffrey D
Published: February 2025

Large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps ≥20 mm (LNPCPs) constitute approximately 1% of all colorectal polyps and present a spectrum of risks, including overt and covert submucosal invasive cancer (T1 colorectal cancer (CRC)). Importantly, a curative resection may be achieved for LNPCPs with superficial T1 CRC (T1a or T1b <1000 µm into submucosa), if an enbloc R0 excision (clear margins) with favourable histology is achieved (ie, absence of high-grade tumour budding, lympho-vascular invasion, and poor differentiation). Thus, while consensus recommendations advocate for endoscopic resection as the primary treatment option for LNPCPs, thorough optical assessment is imperative for selecting the most suitable ER strategy. In this review, we highlight the critical components of optical evaluation that assist in predicting the risk of T1 CRC, including morphology (Paris and LST classifications), surface pit/vascular pattern (JNET and Kudo classifications), and lesion location. Different resection modalities, including endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection are discussed, along with important considerations that may influence the resection strategy of choice, such as access to the LNPCP and submucosal fibrosis.
Current approaches to studying human resting-state function in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: McIver Theresa A , Bernstein Charles N , Kornelsen Jennifer
Published: February 2025

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are 2 subtypes of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The chronic, alternating periods of relapsing, and remitting inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that underlie these diseases trigger a range of gut-related symptoms, in addition to being related to burdensome psychological and cognitive comorbidities. With advancing knowledge of the brain–gut axis and its dysregulation in diseases such as IBD, understanding IBD-related brain changes is an important focus for current research in this area. “Resting state” function refers to the spontaneous fluctuations in neural activity when a person is awake and resting—not focussing attention on a task or stimulus. The recent surge in human resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies suggest that resting function is altered in IBD, representing a potential neural biomarker to target in the development of novel interventions. There are, however, multiple factors that contribute to the approach of these studies, including factors related to participant sample characteristics (IBD subtype and incorporation of disease activity in group definition and comparison), application of different resting-state metrics to assess resting brain activity (via regional homogeneity or amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations) or functional connectivity (via independent component analysis, region-of-interest, seed-to-voxel, or graph theory analyses) and incorporation of additional, multimodal variables of interest. The present review provides a summary of current approaches to studying resting-state brain function in IBD, the most commonly identified brain regions/networks to exhibit aberrant function, and avenues for advancement that forthcoming research in this field can strive to address.
Early life factors, diet and microbiome, and risk of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Mak Joyce Wing Yan , Lo Aaron Tsz Wang , Ng Siew Chien
Published: February 2025

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), result from a loss of immune tolerance to gut microbiota, leading to inflammation. Their incidence is increasing, especially in newly industrialized countries. The etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic, immune, microbiota, and environmental factors. Maternal microbiome changes during pregnancy can elevate IBD risk in offspring, influenced by diet, smoking, and antibiotic exposure. Early life microbiota manipulation shows promise for preventing IBD. Epidemiological and pre-clinical studies highlight diet’s significant role in IBD development. High-inflammatory dietary patterns correlate with increased CD risk, while Mediterranean-like diets promote beneficial gut microbiome changes and reduce inflammation. Certain food additives, such as emulsifiers and artificial sweeteners, may exacerbate IBD by altering gut microbiota. A systematic review indicates that higher ultra-processed food consumption significantly increases CD risk. Lifestyle modifications, including healthy dietary adherence, could substantially reduce IBD risk, with studies showing that favorable choices can halve the risk in genetically predisposed individuals. Additionally, maternal diet impacts offspring IBD risk, as seen in mouse models where high-fat diets led to increased inflammation. Evidence suggests that maternal probiotics and specific dietary patterns may mitigate these risks. Overall, these findings emphasize the potential for dietary interventions to modulate gut microbiota and immune responses, offering promising avenues for IBD prevention and management. Further large-scale studies are needed to explore the impact of dietary strategies on IBD risk and gut health.
Role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pancreatitis
Authors: Nabi Zaheer , Nageshwar Reddy Duvvur
Published: February 2025

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has evolved from mainly a diagnostic tool to a treatment method, thanks to newer noninvasive techniques like magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). This paper looks at how ERCP is used to treat conditions such as acute gallstone pancreatitis, pancreas divisum (PD), sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD), and chronic pancreatitis (CP). For acute gallstone pancreatitis, early ERCP to reduce severity or mortality is now questioned, except when there is cholangitis or ongoing bile duct blockage. For patients with recurring acute pancreatitis due to PD, endoscopic treatment aims to lower duct pressure, but there is not enough strong evidence to support its long-term success. In SOD cases, recent research suggests being more careful with endoscopic sphincterotomy. ERCP plays a clearer role in CP by helping to manage duct stones and strictures in suitable patients. The rising use of pancreatoscopy-assisted lithotripsy as an alternative to ESWL is also discussed.
Pickleball-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries: Part 2—Traumatic Pathologies From Movement and Collision
Authors: Gregg Arianna R. , Ma Mia , Knisely Beatrice
Published: February 2025

Pickleball, one of the fastest-growing sports in the United States, combines elements of tennis, ping-pong, and badminton. Despite its noncontact nature, the sport’s rising popularity has led to an increase in musculoskeletal injuries. The unique characteristics and recent surge in pickleball’s popularity may pose a diagnostic challenge for clinicians, resulting in unnecessary radiologic studies, increased health care costs, and delayed diagnoses and treatment. A comprehensive understanding of these injury manifestations and mechanisms not only facilitates faster and more precise diagnoses, reducing the risk of complications, but also enables radiologists to guide clinicians in selecting the most appropriate imaging modalities for injury characterization and treatment planning.
Who is at Risk for Implant Irritation After Fixation of a Tibial Tubercle Fracture? A Multicenter Study
Authors: Maxwell Bryce E. , Edobor-Osula O. Folorunsho , Blanco John S. , Crawford Lindsay M. , Greenhill Dustin A. , Griffith Alexander H. , Kaushal Neil K. , Kell David M. , Rashiwala Abhi , Schlechter John A. , Thomas Evelyn S. , Tornberg Haley N. , Williams Brendan A. , Patel Neeraj M.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Tibial tubercle fractures are typically treated surgically with screws. Implant irritation is the most common complication. However, detailed investigation of this problem is challenging, since most research is limited to small, single-center studies. Understanding who is at the highest risk may improve patient counseling and potentially guide surgical techniques. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for implant irritation in patients undergoing fixation of tibial tubercle fractures.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study included tibial tubercle fractures fixed with screws at 7 tertiary children’s hospitals in the Tibial Tubercle Study (TITUS) Group. Exclusion criteria included age 18 years or older, primary fixation with nonscrew implants, or <6 months of follow-up. Demographic, perioperative, and postoperative data was collected. The primary outcome of interest was postoperative implant irritation. Univariable analysis was followed by multivariable regression to adjust for confounders. Odds ratios (OR) are reported with 95% CIs.

Results:

Of the 475 patients included, implant irritation was reported in 12.8% while 10.7% subsequently underwent unplanned removal. Patients weighing <70 kg reported more irritation than those weighing 70 kg or more (17.3% vs. 9.4%, P=0.01). However, in patients weighing <70 kg, there was no difference in the rate of symptomatic implants when stratifying by screw size. White patients reported more irritation than nonwhite patients (24.8% vs. 9.6%, P<0.001). Significant institutional variation in implant irritation rates was reported, ranging from 0% to 29% (P=0.004). Screw number, size, configuration, washer use, or pre-existing Osgood-Schlatter syndrome were not associated with symptomatic implants. When adjusting for confounders in multivariable analysis, white patients (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.5-6.6; P=0.002) and those weighing <70 kg (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2-4.2; P=0.02) had higher odds of experiencing implant irritation. One of the 7 study sites was also independently associated with increased odds of symptomatic screws (OR: 7.8, 95% CI: 1.1-54.9; P=0.04).

Conclusions:

Implant irritation was reported by 12.8% of patients following screw fixation of a tibial tubercle fracture. Even when accounting for institutional variability, white patients and those weighing <70 kg had higher odds of symptomatic screws. This information can be used to enhance patient counseling and potentially adjust surgical techniques in some patients.

Level of Evidence:

Level III.
Blood Transfusion Practices in Intensive Care: A Prospective Observational Binational Study
Authors: Flint Andrew W. J. , Poole Alexis , Raasveld Senta Jorinde , Bailey Michael , Brady Karina , Chen Pin-Yen , Chen Yan , Cooper D. Jamie , French Craig , Higgins Alisa , Irving Adam H. , McAllister Richard E. , Neto Ary Serpa , Trapani Tony , Waters Neil , Winearls James , Reade Michael C. , Wood Erica M. , Vlaar Alexander P. J. , McQuilten Zoe K.
Published: February 2025

IMPORTANCE:

Blood transfusions are a common and potentially lifesaving intervention in ICU patients but are associated with harm and often transfused inconsistently with guidelines. However, it is not well known how ICU transfusion practice has recently changed and if there is variation in transfusion practice.

OBJECTIVES:

To describe blood transfusion practices in ICU, the variation in practice across sites, and to compare transfusion practices against national guidelines and with prior published practice.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:

A prospective, multicenter, binational, observational study conducted in 40 Australian and New Zealand ICUs from October 2021 to July 2022. All adult (≥ 18 yr) ICU patients admitted over 1 week were included and followed until ICU discharge or 28 days.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:

Types of transfusion, thresholds and reasons for transfusions, the use of viscoelastic hemostatic assays (VHAs), variation in transfusion practice across sites, and changes in transfusion practice over time.

RESULTS:

Of 927 patients, 217 (23.4%) received a blood transfusion during their ICU admission—192 (20.7%) received RBCs, 63 (6.8%) received platelets, 49 (5.3%) received fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and 29 (3.1%) received cryoprecipitate. Massive transfusion protocols were implemented nine times for six patients (0.7%). VHA were used in 25 of 268 (9.3%) non-RBC transfusions. Compared with national guidelines, 89.0% of RBC transfusions, 30.3% of platelet, 27.4% of FFP, and 20.0% of cryoprecipitate transfusions were consistent. Compared with ICU transfusion practices in 2008, after adjusting for confounding variables, ICU patients who received RBC and FFP were transfused more units each, and variation in total transfusions across sites increased for RBC, platelets, and FFP.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:

Blood transfusions are common in ICU, but the practice is heterogeneous and frequently inconsistent with national guidelines, and the number of units transfused per patient has increased. More evidence is required.
Securing Jugular Central Venous Catheters With Dressings Fixed to a Liquid Adhesive to Prevent Dressing Failure in Intensive Care Patients (the STICKY Trial): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Marsh Nicole , O’Brien Catherine , Larsen Emily N. , Alexandrou Evan , Ware Robert S. , Pearse India , Coyer Fiona , Patel Maharshi S. , Royle Ruth H. , Rickard Claire M. , Sosnowski Kellie , Harris Patrick N. A. , Laupland Kevin B. , Bauer Michelle J. , Fraser John F. , McManus Craig , Byrnes Joshua , Corley Amanda
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVES:

Central venous catheters (CVCs) are vital for treating ICU patients. However, up to a quarter of CVCs fail from mechanical or infective complications. Poor securement of CVCs to the skin contributes to catheter failure, particularly CVCs placed in the jugular vein, which are highly vulnerable to pullout forces. This study evaluated the effectiveness of medical liquid adhesive (MLA) for improving jugular CVC dressing adhesion.

DESIGN:

Multisite parallel group, superiority, randomized controlled trial.

SETTING:

Four metropolitan Australian ICUs.

PATIENTS:

Eligible patients were 18 years old or older, within 12 hours of jugular CVC insertion, expected to need the CVC for greater than or equal to 72 hours, and remain in ICU for greater than or equal to 24 hours.

INTERVENTIONS:

Patients were randomly allocated (stratified by hospital and gender) to standard CVC dressings with the application of MLA to skin under the dressing border (intervention) or standard care CVC dressings (control).

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

The primary endpoint was dressing failure within 7 days due to lifting edges. Secondary outcomes included the total number of dressing changes, skin injury, and CVC failure. In total, 160 participants (82 control; 78 intervention) were enrolled. There were 22 (28%) and 41 (50%) cases of premature dressing failure in the intervention and control groups respectively (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.20–0.76; p = 0.005). The intervention group had fewer dressing changes (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55–0.99). Time to dressing failure (log-rank test; p = 0.12) and all-cause CVC failure (IRR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.36–5.79) did not differ between groups. Three skin injuries occurred: one in the intervention (blister) and two in the control (maceration and skin tear) groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

MLA is associated with significantly decreased jugular CVC dressing failure and longer dressing dwell, with an acceptable safety profile. MLA should be considered to preserve jugular CVC dressings in ICU.