bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Ideological and Aesthetic Program of “Herald of Literature and Art” of Nikolay Adonts
Authors: Aghasyan Ararat
Published: September 2022

Among the first literary-and-art magazines of the late XIX – early XX centuries, which had played a noticeable role in nurturing aesthetic tastes of educated Armenians, one should name “Բանբեր գրականության և արվեստի [Herald of Literature and Art]” (Saint-Petersburg, 1903-1904) under the editorship of the outstanding Armenian historian and philologist Nikolay Adonts (Nikoghayos Ter-Avetikyan, 1871-1942). The ideological and aesthetic program of “Herald” was of a pronounced decadent nature, and this was declared both in the editor’s introductory note, signed by Nikolay Adonts, and in his article “Literary Essays: Decadence and Symbolism”. The same position was also held by the anonymous commentator of the art album, concluding the magazine, where, along with the works of such masters of Western European and Russian visual art as Dante-Gabriel Rossetti, Eugene Carriere, Arnold Böklin, Franz Stuck, Hans Thoma, Friedrich Kaulbach, Leon Bakst and others, paintings by Armenian artists were reproduced as well. However, only the works of E. Carriere’s pupil Arminia Babayan and F. Kaulbach’s pupil Vardges Surenyants could stand the proximity to the Europeans. Vardges Surenyants participated in selecting illustrations for “Herald”, too, giving preference to the Munich school of Jugendstil, with the early examples of which he had become acquainted in his student years in the Bavarian capital. The same spirit of Munich Jugendstil marked the graphic design of the magazine. The ideological and aesthetic program of Nikolay Adonts’s “Herald” was close to a number of foreign and Russian art editions, such as “La Revue blanche” and ”Art et décoration” in France, ”Pan”, ”Jugend”, ”Ver Sacrum”, ”Insel” in Germany and Austria, ”The Yellow Book” in England and particularly – “Mir iskusstva [World of Art]”, coming out in Saint-Petersburg from 1898. It ceased to exist in 1904, the same year as Nikolay Adonts’s magazine.
Մոսկվայի հայ արձանագործները. երեք ուրվապատկեր
Authors: Ավագյան Արթուր
Published: September 2022

XX դարի բազմաթիվ հայ արվեստագետներ հանգամանքների բերումով հիմնավորվեցին ոչ թե Հայաստանում, այլ օտար երկրներում՝ հնարավորություն ստանալով
լիարժեք դրսևորելու իրենց տաղանդը, գտնելու լսարան, հասնելու հաջողության: Այդպես
դասավորվեց նաև անվանի քանդակագործներ Նիկողայոս Նիկողոսյանի (1918-2018),
Ֆրիդրիխ Սողոյանի (1936-2019) և Գեորգի Ֆրանգուլյանի (ծնվ. 1945) ստեղծագործական
կենսագրությունը, որոնց համար երկրորդ հայրենիք դարձավ Ռուսաստանի մայրաքաղաք
Մոսկվան: Անցնելով իրենց անկրկնելի ուղին արվեստում՝ նրանք շոշափելիորեն նպաստեցին թե՛ XX դարի երկրորդ կեսի և XXI դարասկզբի արձանագործության և թե՛ հայ-ռուսական
մշակութային կապերի զարգացմանը:
Arshile Gorky’s Philosophical Thoughts in his Letters
Authors: Dolukhanyan Aelita
Published: September 2022

Arshile Gorky or Vostanik-Manuk Adoian (1904-1948) is one of the innovators of American
painting of the 20th century, whose name has been included in many encyclopedias of science
and art. Gorky is considered as the founder of surrealist expressionism in world painting.
The Armenian painter had a difficult fate. When he was four years old, his father, Sedrak
Adoian, left his native village of Khorgom, went to the United States and settled in the Armenianpopulated town of Watertown near Boston.
Before leaving Khorgom, he presents his son Vostanik with a pair of big peasant slippers,
which can later be seen in Gorky’s surrealistic paintings.
With his younger sister Vardush and his beloved mother Shushanik Gorky walked for
many days on foot with the survivors of the Armenian Genocide, first to the center of Armenian
Christianity in Etchmiadzin, then to Yerevan, where he stayed until he was 16 years old.
Subsequnetly, by the invitation of his relatives, he travelled with great privations with his
sister, first arrived in New York and then settled in Watertown.
Gorky was involved in painting from an early age, then received his painting education in
New York and earned a great reputation; he was considered one of the 4000 most famous
people in the world, from the past to the present. In the Dictionary of Biography to People Past
and Present, published in London in 1976, we read about Arshile Gorky:
“Gorky, Arshile (1904-48), American painter, b. Armenia. Influenced by Picasso, Mirò;
leader of Abstract Expressionists, used color to achieve emotional effect” [1, p. 215].
Design Development Stages in Armenia
Authors: Harutyunyan Martin
Published: September 2022

The development of design in Armenia began in the 1960s, in parallel with the industrial
boom period of the Soviet Union. There have been both active and passive stages in the
period of Armenian design development.
Design in Armenia developed in three stages: first stage: 1960-1990, second stage:
1991-2010 and the third stage: from 2011 until now. In the first stage of design development,
the types of architectural and industrial design were active, in the second stage, the types of
graphic and fashion design, and in the third stage, almost all fields of design are developing
rapidly, they develop in parallel with international trends. In the last decade, the IT sphere
has been developing in Armenia and the other spheres related to the IT sphere are also
developing. In this regard, it is necessary to state that not only graphic design, but also Web
and UI/UX design was widely developed in Armenia. Along with the development of
construction, the branches of interior and exterior design became more active. And Armenian
fashion designers are already able to export Armenian-made clothes.
For the first time in the history of design in Armenia, it is an initiative to classify the
stages of design development. The impact of design development is interrelated with the
socio-economic and cultural situation of the country, as well as the need to pursue a stateplanned policy to develop it and maintain contact with the social layers.
The Study of Lullaby Genre and its Subtypes: Since Komitas to Nowadays
Authors: Hakobyan Ani
Published: September 2022

The presented article is focused on the study of the lullaby and grounds for the existence of subtypes within the genre, which clearly differ from each other in their structure and composition principles. Observations on this subject can be seen in the works of Komitas, later in the works of musicologists Robert Atayan, Margarita Brutyan, Mushegh Aghayan, Hasmik Apinyan, as well as in the works of ethnographers Roza Grigoryan and Hripsime Pikichyan. We attempted to combine their observations and propose our own approach, as well as to classify these groups of lullabies by type, based on a comprehensive analysis. Among other academic achievements of Komitas, it should be noted that he made the first attempt at genre classification of Armenian traditional music, in which, however, the lullaby is not yet recognized as an independent phenomenon. Komitas divided the lullabies into two groups; one of which he considered a component of women’s lyrical song and the other a component of the women’s work song․
Фортепианный дуэт в творчестве Александра Спендиарова
Authors: Медведева Надежда
Published: September 2022

Целью работы является исследование произведений Александра Спендиарова для
фортепианного ансамбля с точки зрения концертного исполнения. Дана характеристика
жанров фортепианного дуэта и ансамбля двух фортепиано. Создание оригинальных
произведений и переложений представлено в контексте жизненного пути композитора.
Ученик Н.А. Римского-Корсакова, Спендиаров претворял в своем творчестве традиции петербургской композиторской школы. В четырехручных дуэтах обращают на себя
внимание ролевое соотношение партий, динамический баланс, имитация оркестрового
звучания. Использование элементов народной песенной и танцевальной музыки обогащает ансамбли Спендиарова выразительным мелодизмом, ориентальной темброво-гармонической палитрой, переменными размерами, остинатным движением.
Безусловными концертными характеристиками обладают обработки произведений
Спендиарова, выполненные известным пианистом Раффи Хараджаняном для ансамбля
двух фортепиано. Два инструмента дают больше возможностей в регистровом распределении музыкального материала, артикуляции, педализации.
Vitrification by Transient Vacuum Flashing Spray Cooling of Liquid Nitrogen
Authors: Su Fengmin , Fan Yiming , Zhang Chi , Wang Yifan , Wang Yanyang , Peng Benli
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: The transient vacuum flashing spray cooling of liquid nitrogen (LN2 ) on a microstructured surface can provide ultra-fast cooling rate and may improve cell survival rates. OBJECTIVE: To utilize flashing spray cooling of LN2 instead of
film boiling to improve further cell vitrification. METHOD: This study analyzed the effects of the three key parameters (flow rate of liquid nitrogen, ambient pressure, and spray distance) on the cooling process by experimentation. RESULTS: The experimental results showed that
the vacuum flashing spray cooling of LN2 can gain higher cooling rates than that achieved by film boiling in conventional vitrification methods. The three parameters all affected the vacuum flash evaporation spray cooling of LN2, and their effect trends were not monotonous
but followed a parabolic trend that increased and then decreased. That is, the three parameters all have optimum values to the cooling process. CONCLUSION: Vacuum flash evaporation spray cooling can develop the ultra-fast cooling rates needed to enhance cell vitrification.
Efeitos dos produtos à base da Papaína no tratamento tópico de lesões
Authors: Lima Rafaella Graziele de Melo Silva , Andrade Flávia Gymena Silva de , Soares Raianne Monteiro , Ribeiro Sarah Zayanne Rafael da Silva , Ferreira Shirlleisiana Joyciellem Barros
Published: September 2022

Introdução:  A papaína é uma cobertura utilizada em feridas, que possui em sua estrutura uma combinação de enzimas proteolíticas e peroxidase, que propiciam a quebra de ligações peptídicas dos aminoácidos das proteínas, provocando a degradação do tecido desvitalizado, sem afetar o tecido de granulação. Objetivo: Avaliar os estudos publicados em relação às evidências terapêuticas da papaína em diversos tipos de feridas. Metodologia: É um estudo de revisão da literatura. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado através das bases de dados BVS, SCIELO e LILACS. Os descritores utilizados foram: papaína, úlceras, feridas e cicatrização, que levou a uma amostra de 88 artigos. Após definir os critérios de inclusão que foram: as publicações dos últimos quatorze anos, disponíveis na íntegra e em língua portuguesa. E de exclusão: estudos com animais, resultados de resumos publicados, artigos repetidos ou que não atenderam a temática proposta. Dessa forma, restaram 9 publicações para a construção desse trabalho. Resultados e Discussão: As propriedades intrínsecas da papaína abrangem sua atividade como debridante químico, favorecendo o progresso da cicatrização, ação bacteriostática, bactericida e anti-inflamatória, e ainda possibilita a regulação das fibras de colágeno, promovendo o crescimento tecidual alinhado, capaz de remover todos os tecidos desvitalizados, melhorando o aspecto do ferimento, controlando a exsudação e aumentando a epitelização dos bordos das lesões. Conclusão: a terapia em ferimentos com a papaína torna-se um importante método intervencionista que aumenta a resolubilidade no cuidado dedicado aos pacientes, e assim, ajudando a melhorar a qualidade de vida dos mesmos.
Bioaccumulation of Cu, Fe and Zn in Wild Ruminants in Middle Gemer Region
Authors: Hisira Vladimír , Kadaši Marián , Klein Róbert , Mesarčová Lýdia , Pošivák Ján
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to monitor trace metals (copper, iron and zinc) concentrations in parenchymatous organs and muscle tissue of red deer (n=23) and roe deer (n=25) that were hunted down in the middle Gemer region in south central Slovakia. Being expressed in mg kg–1 in all cases, these concentrations assumed the following values: mean renal copper concentration in red deer was 4.36, hepatic 19.65, muscle 1.96; renal iron concentration was 72.5, hepatic 131.9, muscle 45.09; mean zinc concentration in kidney was 27.77, in liver 30.22 and in muscle 29.58 , respectively. In roe deer, mean level of copper in kidney was 4.83, in the liver 26.4, in muscle tissue 2.1; mean concentration of iron in kidney was 66.69, in liver 122.83, in muscle tissue 49.07; mean concentration of zinc in kidney was 27.34, in liver 29.76, and in muscle tissue 24.37, respectively. Concentration of metals under study in different age groups showed that the values rose proportionally with age except for zinc concentration, where the highest Zn concentrations were detected in muscle of young animals. In other trace metal levels no significant differences were detected between age groups, males or females. Based on the given results, the Revuca district does not show itself as the most polluted region considering surveyed heavy metals, but nevertheless the presented results document that the presence of heavy metals in the tissues of game is still an interesting object for the next studies.
Lithology and hydrocarbon potential of the paleozoic sediments of the
North Caspian uplift (northern part of the Caspian sea, Kazakhstan)
Authors: Pronin A. P. , Shestoperova L. V. , Pronin N. A.
Published: September 2022

The North Caspian uplift is located in the water area of the Caspian Sea and coincides with the area of articulation of the Caspian Depression and the Turan Plate. Drilling of wells proved the presence of a large carbonate platform in the North Caspian uplift composed of Middle Carboniferous deposits, which is similar in structure to the South Emba and Zhanazhol zones of the Caspian Depression. Carbonate deposits of the Lower Permian, formed in shallow-shelf, bioherm and slope facies were discovered in the North Caspian uplift.
Feasibility study for polymer flooding in a heavy oil reservoir
Authors: Sagyndikov M. S. , Agleshov R. M. , Saliyev N. B. , Pangereeva Sh. S. , Feng Youkui
Published: September 2022

Nowadays, a wide range of perforation methods and technologies are offered in the market of secondary opening in reservoir beds. Furthermore, many manufacturing companies are modernizing previously existing methods, one of which is hydromechanical piercing perforation - a relatively new method of opening the reservoir to obtain a hydrocarbon influx in a gentle mode without any deformation of the initial state of the walls of the production string and cement ring. The developers of this method note a number of advantages compared to other types of perforation. The article describes the operation principle of the oil and gas production and the resulting effect, approach and selection of wells for this method.
Hydrocarbon exploration method based on basin modeling
Authors: Begimbetov Olzhas  B. , Taubassova Madina K.
Published: September 2022

Basin modeling is a tool that combines geological, geophysical, geochemical and field data, as well as practical geological knowledge in order to reconstruct the entire chain of tectono-sedimentological processes of sedimentary basins. Current approach allows us to understand in more detail the principles of the petroleum systems- mechanisms of generation, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons.

The paper describes the process of basin modeling starting from the stages of complex geological and geophysical analysis, interpretation and integration of data, ending with a risk assessment of the potential pool of prospects and selection of prospects for subsoil use.
Increasing the efficiency of the development of carbonate collectors by horizontal well systems
Authors: Khasanov Bakhytzhan K. , Kasenov Akzhan K. , Musaev Marlen S. , Serniyazov Zhalgas M.
Published: September 2022

Reservoir development of fractured reservoirs is an essential problem. 90% of oil reserves in the fields of Kazmunaigas is concentrated in fractured reservoirs. Due to the double porosity, the development of such collectors is less effective by standard methods, therefore application of the new approaches is extremely vital. This article presents a method for developing pore-fractured reservoirs with a horizontal well system. To implement this method, 3D simulation model was build and respective calculations were performed. As a result, the horizontal well system has shown its efficiency compared to the development of fractured reservoirs by vertical wells.
Asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits of the western kazakhstan and compositions for their removal
Authors: Boyko Galina I. , Lyubchenko Nina P. , Aitkaliyeva Gulzat S. , Sarmurzina Raushan G. , Karabalin Uzakbay S. , Tiesov Daniyar S. , Bukaeva Gildyan A.
Published: September 2022

New composite mixtures have been created to remove and dissolve asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) of the Uzen and Karazhanbas oilfields. The analysis of the structural-groupcomposition of ARPD was carried out and the solvent capacity of binary solvent systems containing straight-run gasoline and o-xylene was evaluated. Atactic polypropylene in an amount of 0.1 -0.5 mass.% was used as the active component.

The selection of ARPD solvent compositions and an assessment of their effectiveness were carried out in dynamic and static modes.

It was revealed that the created composite systems provide complete destruction and dissolution of the ARPD, the solvent composition containing 50 mass.% of the o-xylene, 50 mass.% of the straight-run gasoline and 0.5 mass.% of the atactic polypropylene (APP) has the best washing, dissolving and removing effect. When using this solvent composition, a maximum increase in solvent saturation with high molecular weight paraffin compounds is observed.
Component composition of dissolved organic compounds of sewage water of uzen’ oilfield
Authors: Suleimen Yerlan Melsuly , Sabirov Renatzhan U. , Sisenbaeva Marziya R. , Talipbekov Abilseit D,
Published: September 2022

The composition of extracts of volatile dissolved organic compounds of the wastewater of the Ozen oilfield was studied by chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It has been established that the main components are hydrocarbons. It should be noted the presence in the water of benzyl chloride (benzene chloride) -1.3%, the content of which is strictly regulated in oil. A low content of organic acids (palmitic acid) is observed. It should also be noted the presence of tertiary N, N-dimethyldodecanamine (C-12) upto 2.3% and N, N-dimethyltridecanamine (C-13), which are components of corrosion inhibitors. The presence of xylene, mesitylene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene indicates the possible use of the demulsifier type Tretolite. A significant amount of squalene, which is a natural biomarker of oils has also been discovered.
Net environmental benefit analysis as an instrument for applied decisions
Authors: Kulekeyev Zhaksybek A. , Nurtayeva Gulnara G.
Published: September 2022

Net environmental benefit analysis (NEBA) is a structured simplified procedure that allows you to compare the positive or negative effects of various methods of oil spill response at sea for the environment in specific conditions. In accordance with the legislative acts of the country, the decision on the application or non-application of oil spill response methods should be prepared only on the basis of NEBA, and therefore the contents of this new tool are disclosed in this work.
Application of convolutional neural networks in the lithological description of the core
Authors: Murtazayev I. D. , Konyssov N. Zh. , Saliyev N. B.
Published: September 2022

The article describes a method for training a convolutional neural network for rock lithology recognition based on images of core material. High Resolution (Hi-Res) photos were used for training models. The principles of convolutional neural networks and their practical application in geology are considered. As an outcome of this work, the model of neural networks for recognizing rock lithology was created and applied in practice using a smartphone. It was established that many ML and DL technologies potentially can be applicable for oil and gas industry.
Fundamental reasons for Exxonmobil’s expulsion from the Dow Jones industrial average on aug 31, 2020: lessons and implications for the global oil market and Kazakhstan
Authors: Kulekeev Zh. A. , Pak Ye. A.
Published: September 2022

This article provides a reasonable explanation for Exxonmobils unprecedented expulsion from the Dow Jones Industrial Average on August 31, 2020 based on the Kondratieff Wave Concept and Capital Overaccumulation Theory.

Authors of this paper suggest that the crisis in the oil market in 2020, triggered by the coronavirus, was expected and could be explained by the economic origins of development, namely, the change of the 5th technological mode to the 6th one. Taking into account the fact that oil is the main energy source of the 5th technological mode, it is obvious that its change will affect the oil market. At the same time, the process of the oil market losing its positions is not spontaneous, since the intensive development of new technologies and a sharp increase in renewable energy investments have led to a decrease in oil consumption.
Evaluation of the applicability of cyclic steam stimulation method at cretaceous deposits
of Kenbai field
Authors: Shakenuly M. , Zhiyengaliyev B. Y. , Kustanov M. S. , Garifov A. K. , Dauletov A. S.
Published: September 2022

Due to reducing volumes of light oil reserves, oil companies are increasingly focusing on hard-to-recover reserves, in particular, deposits with high-viscosity oil. Shallow-lying oil deposits are mainly concentrated in the Cretaceous horizons, in the western region of the country, along the Caspian coast. One of them is a highly viscous oil reservoir, consisting of 3 Cretaceous horizons of the Moldabek Vostochny section of Kenbai field, where 54.5 million tons of oil are concentrated, of which 19.5 million tons are recoverable. The current produced reserves makes up 5% of the initial recoverable reserves, and the approved design oil recovery factor implies the full-scale application of thermal oil recovery enhancement methods. The aim of this work is to select the most suitable method of thermal impact and assess the prospects for implementation with the calculation of economic feasibility. Taking into account the geological features of the reservoir, the cyclic treatment of the wells was chosen as the optimal method for increasing oil recovery. According to the results of calculations on the hydrodynamic model, the starting production rates using the technology of steam-cyclic treatment of producing wells are 23 times higher than the production rates for cold production: the difference in accumulatedproduction over 5 years will be 2030%.
Optimization of drilling parameters for extended reach directional wells with an early kick-off point
Authors: Zhiyenbayev B. K. , Aitkulov Ye. K. , Yershiev K. T. , Magzumov N. M.
Published: September 2022

This article analyzes the impact of an actual trajectory of a J-Type directional well with an early kick-off point on the values of torque and drag along the bore hole.The actual data collected while drilling the directional SU-2 well with a target depth of 5000 m (South Urikhtau field) was used for the analysis: trajectory survey data results of the well, actual bottom hole assemblies applied (dimensions, material and characteristics of the elements), the actual drilling mud parameters according the control acts, actual drilling parameters according the daily drilling reports and mud logging curves, etc.Calculations of torque and drag were performed on a specialized software Landmark, a comparative analysis was carried out with the design values of parameters and appropriate recommendations were issued.
Geochemical atlas of «Oil fingerprinting» for fields of «Embamunaygas» JSC
Authors: Seitkhaziyev Y. Sh. , Uteyev R. N. , Sarsenbekov N. D. , Tassemenov E. T. , Dosmukhambetov A. K.
Published: September 2022

This article presents geochemical atlas of oil for 18 fields of Embamunaigas JSC based on the results of fingerprinting carried out in the Central Scientific Research Laboratory (CSRL) of the Atyrau branch of KMG Engineering LLP. This type of geochemical analysis allows to classify oil by chemical composition and provides additional information on productive pay zones and fields. To carry out the study, high-tech equipment and modern tools for data interpretation were applied. The data obtained can be used to deal with issues during field development and orient the areas of prospecting, evaluation and exploration work to promising oil and gas complexes. The article summarizes the results of geochemical studies of Embamunaigas fields and presents further vision for geological exploration.
Synthesis and investigation of properties of a new copolymer used as a flocculant, structure-forming agent and biocidal material
Authors: Telmanova N. S. , Gabdullin A. G. , Kusaimov B. B.
Published: September 2022

Nowadays water-soluble polymers play a significant role in many branches of science and can be used as flocculants for wastewater treatment, as well as biocidal materials for inhibiting the growth of corrosive microorganisms, in particular against sulphate-reducing bacteria. The objects of research are synthesized new polymeric surfactants (poly-surfactants) copolymers of N, N-dimethyl-N, N-diallylammonium chloride with N [(3-trimethylamino) propyl]methacrylamide (DMDAAH TMAPMA). The molar composition and structure of the synthesized copolymers were proved by methods of conductometric titration, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy.
Towards the new bioeconomy: Bio-manufacturing as a strategic economic development initiative for Quebec
Authors: Campbell Bryan , Magnan Michel
Published: September 2022

Globally, the bioeconomy can be defined as the domain of the economy based on products, services and processes derived from biological resources. In this regard, synthetic biology refers to the characteristics of a field derived from biology that has developed over the past thirty years thanks to advances in applied genetics and bioengineering. Some predict that the future economy will primarily be a bioeconomy based on these emerging techniques, which are consistent with the decarbonization of our economy. We first describe the international reality of the "Bio Revolution" and then aim to assess Quebec's position. Next, we present some government policies following a top-down approach from different jurisdictions. A case study of a Montreal-based company allows us to highlight the problems it faced in attracting the financial capital needed for its growth. Another critical issue in the field is the scalability of production processes. We explore this issue further in agritech, a high potential sector but whose realization faces several socio-economic challenges. This analysis serves as a backdrop to our recommendations to develop a roadmap for government support for synthetic biology.
Professor Sahni's Palaeobotanical work
Authors: Halle T.G.
Published: September 2022

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Ancient Indian Flora in the Ashtadhyayi of Panini
Authors: Agrawala V.S.
Published: September 2022

Panini, the greatest grammarian of the Sanskrit language is the author of a work called the Ashtadhyayi, comprising about four thousand rules. His date is about 500 B.C. The cultural data in Panini 's work are considered by Indian historians as authoritative as those from epigraphical and numismatic sources. The study of Paninian flora furnishes an important chapter in the general history of Indian plants, which still remains to be written on the basis of literary and archaeologica sources. The author refers to the systematic cultivation of forests and groves of trees and plants. He also shows acquaintance with early attempts at nomenclature of plants on the basis of their flowers, leaves, fruits and roots. He is acquainted with the principal trees of north India like Ficus religiosa, Ficus bengalensis, Ficus infectoria, Mangifera indica, Butea frondosa, Aegle Marmelos, Acacia catechu, Dalbergia Sissoo, Shorea robusta and Salvadora indica. A good many of these are referred to by him for the first time, which offers a proof of their antiquity on Indian soil in the 5th century BC.
Tertiary plants from North America
Authors: Arnold Chester A.
Published: September 2022

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On a new Cordaitean Stem, Cordaites Sahnii, from Central Shansi, China
Authors: Hsu Jen , Bose M.N.
Published: September 2022

A silicified stem collected by F. L. Yuan from the Yang-Chu district (37º 8’: 112° 6’) of Central Shansi, China, is considered to be a new species of Cordaites. The pith is fairly large and discoid. The bark is represented by some layers of crushed tissues. The secondary wood consists only of tracheides and rays and is devoid of annual rings, resin canals and resin cells. Bordered pits are confined in the radial walls of tracheides and are generally uni- and biseriate, alternately arranged, and mostly flattened into hexagons. Triseriate pits are found only at the terminal part of racheides. The xylem rays are uni- to biseriate, about 1-10 cells high with bordered pits, confined in radial walls of ray cells. In each "cross field" there are one to four elliptical bordered pits.

The geological age of this fossil is thought to be Upper Carboniferous or Lower Permian.

The specific name Cordaites Sahnii sp. nov. is suggested in memory of the late Professor B. Sahni.
Bucklandia Sahnii sp. nov. from the Jurassic of the Rajmahal Hills, Bihar
Authors: Bose M.N.
Published: September 2022

The description of this new species of Bucklandia is based on specimens from Amarjola, Amrapara, Rajmahal Hills, India.

The stem is covered with persistent leaf-bases which are very variable in shape and size. Pith wide, surrounded by a broad zone of xylem, phloem and bark. The importance of this stem lies mainly on the secondary wood which is compact with sharply marked growth rings. Medullary rays are very conspicuous by their number and crowded occurrence. Most of the rays are uniseriate, but biseriate ones also occur frequently. The tracheids of the early wood have mainly scalariform pitting. The early wood shows various types of pitting, varying from scalariform to multiseriate. Pits seen on the radial walls of the rays are bordered. The number of bordered pits in a cross-field varies from 1 to 6 or more. Primary xylem is endarch.

B. Sahnii differs from B. indica in having tracheids with scalariform as well as multiseriate bordered pits; no scalariform pitting was observed in B. indica. Comparisons have been made with the fossil Cycadeoidean stems and Homoxylon rajmahalense. The secondary wood of B. Sahnii has been found to be very similar to that of H. rajmahalense and now H. rajmahalense has been said to be a Bennettitalean wood.
On some fossil Cycadean stems from the Rajmahal hills, Bihar
Authors: Bose M.N.
Published: September 2022

The present work is based on five specimens of fossil Cycadean stems collected from the Rajmahal hills, Bihar. One of the stems is especially interesting because it has got a Williamsonia type of flower attached to it at the apex. These stems have been compared with the other fossil Cycadean stems and Protocyathea rajmahalense Jacob.
Some plant remains of the Cornaceae from the Karewa deposits of the Kashmir Valley, India
Authors: Puri G.S.
Published: September 2022

The paper figures and describes plant remains belonging to Cornus macrophylla, C. capilata(?) and Marlea begoniaefolia from the Karewa deposits of Kashmir. The present distribution of the fossil species is given in detail. A comparison of the past and present distribution of the fossil species on the whole confirms earlier conclusions of the author regarding changes in the forest, climate and altitude in the Kashmir Valley since the Pleistocene.
On a Fruitification from the Intertrappean Flora of the Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Chitaley S.D.
Published: September 2022

A new specimen identical with Viracarpon hexaspermum Sahni is investigated and described in detail. The stalked axis of the fructification bears sessile, ebracteate fruits in close vertical rows; the individual fruits are six-angular, six-carpellary and hexalocular with a single pendulous seed in each loculus: the fruit top has depressions and bears a crown of hairy spines. Comparison with the modern families shows that this monocotyledonous genus is an extinct one, and does not readily fall into any existing family.
An historical outline of Indian Palaeobotany
Authors: Lakhanpal R.N.
Published: September 2022

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An approach to the problem of taxonomy and classification in the study of Sporae dispersae
Authors: Bhardwaj D.C.
Published: September 2022

The present state of disagreement among spore workers with regard to the taxonomy and classification of Sporae dispersae has been reviewed. The taxonomic categories for Sporae dispersae have been defined and practicability of organ-genus concept over the form-genus concept for the circumscription of spore taxa has been discussed.
Plant fossils from Parsora in the South Rewa Gondwana Basin, India
Authors: Lele K.M.
Published: September 2022

The paper contains a description of plant impressions collected from Parsora in the South Rewa Gondwana Basin. Four new species are ascribed to Neocalamites, Samaropsis, Pterophyllum and Araucarites respectively. Certain leaves strongly suggest the presence of Taeniopteris spatulata. Besides, further contributions to the knowledge of Thinnfeldia odontopteroides and Thinnfeldia (Danaeopsis) Hughesi have been made and the occurrence of Noeggerathiopsis Hislopi and Glossopteris has been confirmed. Attempt has been made wherever possible to study the epidermal characters of the fossils under strong incident light. The entire fossil evidence brings to light for the first time the presence of an undoubted and perhaps strong Mesozoic (Upper Gondwana) element in the Parsora flora occurring with certain Lower Gondwana (Palaeozoic) forms. It seems more probable now that the Parsora beds represent a younger horizon of the Triassic period, probably Middle to Upper Triassic.
On the structure and affinities of Sahnipushpam glandulosum sp. nov. from the Deccan Intertrappean Series
Authors: Prakash U.
Published: September 2022

A new species of Sahnipushpam, S. glandulosum is described here in detail from the Intertrappean beds of Madhya Pradesh. A number of specimens probably representing young fruit stage of Salmipushpam glandulosum have also been described. The flowers and young fruits described here are sufficiently well preserved to reveal all their anatomical details. A comparison with the modern families’ reveals that this dicotyledonous flower shows a near approach to the family Myrtaceae.
The spore genera from the Upper Carboniferous coal of the Saar and their value in stratigraphical studies
Authors: Bhardwaj D.C.
Published: September 2022

Five new spore genera, viz. Cyclobaculisporites gen. nov., Foveolatisporites gen. nov., Savitrisporites gen. nov., Zerndtisporites gen. novo and Kosankeisporites gen. nov., from the coal measures of the Saar, have been described. Detailed descriptions of 6 other, recently proposed spore genera (BHARDWAJ, 1954), viz. Gravisporites Bhardwaj, Angulisporites Bhardwaj, Striatosporites Bhardwaj, Guthorlisporites Bhardwaj, Potonieisporites Bhardwaj and Sahnisporites Bhardwaj, have also been included.

Stratigraphic subdivisions of the Upper Carboniferous succession in the Saar have been suggested on the basis of variation in the microfloral assemblages of the successive periods. The vertical distribution of Sporae dispersae as well as that of the megaflora has been compared and shown to be similar. The Westphalian D in the Saar has been found to comprise of the combined zones of Palaeoweichselia defrancei and Neuropteris ovata. The Stephanian in the Saar consists of two subdivisions, viz. Lower Stephanian lacking Westphalian influence and the Upper Stephanian with pronounced Westphalian character.
Asterotheca meriani (Brongn.) Stur and its spores from the Upper Triassic of Lunz (Austria)
Authors: Bhardwaj D.C. , Singh H.P.
Published: September 2022

This paper deals with the morphological study of Asterotheca meriani (Brongn.) Stur, a species of ferns from the Upper Triassic of Lunz, Austria, well preserved in the form of carbonaceous crust on the shales. The frond is bipinnate. Pinnules are longer than broad and the venation is typically of Pecopteris type. Synangia are circular, borne intramarginally, comprising 4 sessile sporangia in close cohesion at the anterior end but slightly apart at the apical end. Spores are bilateral, circular to oval in polar view and indisputably show a longitudinal (monolete) slit, slightly bent in the middle. The spore exine is thick and finely granulose.
Studies in the Deccan Intertrappean flora - 1. On a petrified ovuliferous cone from Mohgaon cherts in the Deccan
Authors: Prakash U.
Published: September 2022

A female conifer cone is described here from the well-known locality of Mohgaon Kalan (22°1' N.; 79°11' E.) in the Deccan Intertrappean Series of Madhya Pradesh. The petrified cone shows resemblance in some characters with the ovuliferous cones of the family Abietineae. The flora of this locality is regarded as early Tertiary, and most probably Eocene.
Studies in the Glossopteris flora of India - 7. Dadoxylon jhariense sp. nov. from the Jharia coalfield, Bihar
Authors: Surange K.R. , Sah S.C.D.
Published: September 2022

A new species of fossil wood, Dadoxylon jhariense, is described from the Barakar stage of the Lower Gondwanas of India. The wood possesses distinct growth rings, a solid pith, continuous ring of endarch primary xylem and secretory sacs in the pith. Circular pits are rarely present on the tangential walls of the tracheids. Pitting on the radial wall of the tracheids usually uni-, bi-, triseriate or rarely more; pits round to elliptic, contiguous, rarely separate, usually alternate, sometimes opposite or sub-opposite. Medullary rays less numerous and low. Pits in the field 2-6 having elliptic with obliquely placed pores.
Studies in the Deccan Intertrappean flora - 2. Further observations on Dryoxylon mohgaoense Rode
Authors: Prakash U.
Published: September 2022

The petrified wood of Dryoxylon mohgaoense Rode is redescribed here giving further information as regards its structure and affinities. The wood of D. mohgaoense is nearly related to family Myrtaceae and shows a close relationship with the flowers of Sahnipushpam glandulosum Prakash (1955). The flower Sahnipushpam glandulosum and the wood Dryoxylon mohgaoense most probably belong to one and the same species.
Preliminary observations on the Phyto-geographical changes in the Kashmir valley during the Pleistocene
Authors: Puri G.S.
Published: September 2022

Four stages in the phyto-geographical evolution of the Kashmir Valley since the early Quaternary period have been distinguished by the author based on his investigations of the fairly complete sequence of fossil floras from the Pir Panjal range.
Thinnfeldia chunakhalensis sp. nov from the Jurassic of the Rajmahal Hills, Bihar
Authors: Sah S.C.D. , Dev Sukh
Published: September 2022

A new species of Thinnfeldia Ett., from Chunakhal, Rajmahal Hills, Bihar, has been described. The pinnules are characterized by their ovateelongate form, slightly decurrent base, and a prominent straight midrib giving off lateral veins which are usually forked more than once.
Studies in the Glossopteris flora of India - 9. A male fructification bearing monolete spores from the Lower Gondwana of India
Authors: Surange K.R.
Published: September 2022

A new type of male fructification is described from the Raniganj stage. It consists of a long, cylindrical, stalked perhaps fleshy axis on which are embedded exannulate, most probably sessile sporangia. Sporangia contain large number of bilateral monolete spores. Spore wall shows parallel ridges or longitudinal lines on the distal surface.
Some fragmentary plant fossils from Narsinghpur district, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Bose M.N.
Published: September 2022

A few hitherto unreported fossil plants from the Jabalpur series are described here. They are Bucklandia sp., ?Baiera sp., Coniferocaulon rajmahalense Gupta, stems with longitudinal ridges and grooves and an axis with spindle-shaped scars.
Studies in the Deccan Intertrappean flora - 3. On a new species of fossil woods of Euphorbiaceae from the Intertrappean beds of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Prakash U.
Published: September 2022

The paper describes a new species of fossil wood of Euphorbiaceae from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Keria (21°59'40"N.; 79°10'15"E.) in Madhya Pradesh. The fossil wood is named as Euphorbioxylon krauseli.
Studies in the Deccan Intertrappean flora - 4. Two silicified woods from Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Prakash U.
Published: September 2022

Two fossil woods belonging to Euphorbiaceae and Simarubaceae are described here from the Deccan Intertrappean Series of Madhya Pradesh. The first, Glochidioxylon sahnii belongs to Bharatwada (21° 14' N; 79° l' E) and the second, Ailanthoxylon indicum is from the well-known locality of Mohgaon Kalan (22° 1' N; 79° 11' E).
Further observations on Ontheodendron florini Sanhi & Rao
Authors: Rao A.R. , Bose M.N.
Published: September 2022

Ontheodendron florini is here interpreted as a cycadophyte stem impression and designated Cycadophytites florini gen et sp. nov.
Notes on Belgian specimens of Sporogonites
Authors: Andrews Henry N. Jr.
Published: September 2022

Specimens of Sporogonites exuberans from the Lower Devonian of Belgium are shown to be borne by a presumed thallus-like structure. The general habit of the plant and lack of vascular tissue suggest bryophytic rather than psilophytic relationships.
The fossil flora of the Jabalpur Series - 2. Filicales
Authors: Bose M.N.
Published: September 2022

Onychiopsis psilotoides (Stokes & Webb), Cladophlebis sp. cf. C. longipennis (Seward), Cladophlebis sp., Coniopteris hymenophylloides (Brongniart) Seward, Coniopteris sp. cf. C. hymenophylloides (Brongniart) Seward and Sphenopteris sp. are here described from Jabalpur and Sehora, Madhya Pradesh.
Leaf-cuticle and other plant microfossils from the Mesozoic rocks of Andoya, Norway
Authors: Bose M.N.
Published: September 2022

The present paper describes a fragmentary leaf of Thinnfeldia, a Ginkgoalean type of leaf-cuticle, female cone-scales of Sciadopitytes, spores and pollen grains from Andoya, Norway.
On megaspores, Charophyta fruits and some other small fossils from the Cretaceous
Authors: Dijkstra S.J.
Published: September 2022

Megaspores found in boring IJsselmonde, I, the Netherlands, have been compared with the spore content of some other borings in the Netherlands and of boring Kingscleke, Great Britain, which are Wealden in age. Convincingly it could be proved that the samples studied from boring IJsselmonde must belong to the Wealden. Some new specimens were noticed, of which Triletes gryensis has been found by Dr. Gry in the Lower Wealden from Bornholm, Denmark, by which fact the age of boring IJsselmonde, I, may belong to the Lower Wealden. Moreover, a number of non-calcified Charophyte fruits have been found in that boring.

Some new records of borings in Belgium, the Netherlands and Egypt have been mentioned. The most interesting result may be that Pyrobolospora lobata does not only occur in the Senonian, but also in the Palaeocene, whereas its horizontal spreading is also very wide (from W. Europe to Egypt). Finally, this spore is closely related, probably identical with Rodeites dakshini from India.
Upper Devonian (Frasnian) spores from the Carnarvon basin, Western Australia
Authors: Balme B.E.
Published: September 2022

Microfloras rich in individuals but poor in species have been separated from marine Frasnian sediment in a borehole near Carnarvon, Western Australia. These are the oldest assemblages of isolated spores yet recorded from the Southern Hemisphere. Eight species of microspores have been described, three of which are considered to be new. A new genus, Geminospora Balme, has been proposed.

Comparisions may be drawn between these microfloras and Devonian assemblages from other parts of the world.
New observations on the index fossil alga Distichoplax Pia from Laki (Lower Eocene) beds of the Punjab Salt Range
Authors: Varma C.P.
Published: September 2022

A new species of the index fossil alga Distichoplax Pia has been described from Laki (Lower Eocene) beds of the Punjab Salt Range and named D. raoi after Professor S. R. N. Rao. One of the sections indicates the type of conceptacle possessed by the new species. The presence of conceptacle in Distichoplax is being recorded for the first time and the type of conceptacle possessed by this genus also indicates the correctness of its inclusion under Melobesieae.
Studies in the Glossopteris flora of India - 12. Stellotheca robusta nov. comb.: A new equisetaceous plant from the Lower Gondwana of India
Authors: Surange K.R. , Prakash Gyan
Published: September 2022

A new combination- Stellotheca robusta- is proposed for the plant described previously under the name Phyllotheca robusta. It differs from Phyllothecas in not possessing cup-like leaf sheaths, and the free, stout leaf segments united only at the base.
Studies in the Indian Middle Gondwana Flora- 2. Plant fossils from the South Rewa Gondwana Basin
Authors: Lele K.M.
Published: September 2022

Plant fossils from the Middle Gondwana (Trias) beds of the South Rewa Gondwana basin are described. The flora consists of 15 genera and 16 recognizable species. Five species are new. The present findings serve to furnish the first record of certain interesting genera, viz. Lycopodites, Danaeopsis, Marattiopsis, Psuedoctenis, Baiera and Desmiophyllum from the Indian Triassic formations as well as confirm the occurrence of Cladophlebis, Glossopteris, Noeggerathiopsis and Araucarites.

It is suggested that this flora is the Indian representative of the general Dicroidium flora that flourished during the Triasso-Rhaetic times on the southern continents. The palaeobotanical evidence, as a whole, constitutes a strong point in support of a Middle Gondwana.
On some fossil plants from Karkati, Kamtadand and Parsora, in the South Rewa Gondwana Basin, Central India
Authors: Saksena Shivdayal
Published: September 2022

The fossil plants collected by the author in the year 1944 from three different localities in the South Rewa Gondwana basin, Central India, are described in this paper.

Karkati (23°.22': 81°.6') has yielded pure Glossopteris flora consisting of three species of Glossopteris -G. indica, G. Browniana, G. angustifolia -, one species each of Sphenopteris and Dictyopteridium, an equisetaceous stem and a fossil of uncertain affinity.

At Kamtadand (23°.25': 81°.6') were found one species each of Glossopteris, Vertebraria, Dicroidium and an equisetaceous stem. This interesting mixture of Glossopteris with Dicroidium suggests a somewhat younger age than that of Karkati flora. Fox (1931) has stated that there is no admixture of the two floras Glossopteris and Thinnfeldia (Dicroidium) at any place. But this mixed flora from Kamtadand shows that Fox's view is not correct.

Parsora (23Â°.26": 80°.5'.30"). Here a few very poorly preserved leaves, doubtfully referred to Glossopteris, have been found.
Occurrence of Pseudobornia Northorst in Alaska
Authors: Mamay Sergius H.
Published: September 2022

A small collection of fossil plants from northeastern Alaska contains Pseudobornia ursina Nathorst, which aids in the differentiation of age of rocks in a difficult stratigraphic section. This is not only the first occurrence of Pseudobornia in the western hemisphere, but also the first verifiable occurrence since the original discovery of Pseudobornia on Bear Island.
On some new spore genera from the Upper Carboniferous coals of Lothringen-Saar-Pfaiz basin
Authors: Venkatachala B.S.
Published: September 2022

Four new genera, Bullaspora gen. nov., Aggerispora gen. nov., Cymbospora gen. nov. and Candidispora gen. nov. from the Saar region have been described. Generic diagnoses and detailed descriptions of these genera have been given.