bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Psychological Abuse: The Role of Perpetrator Gender, Victim’s Response, and Sexism
Authors: Capezza Nicole M. , D’Intino Lauren A. , Flynn Margaret A. , Arriaga Ximena B.
Published: November 2017

It is commonly assumed that male abuse is more damaging than female abuse, just as it previously has been assumed that physical abuse is more harmful than psychological abuse. We sought to examine gender assumptions given that they may cause people to overlook the harm that men experience with a psychologically abusive partner. The current experiment compared perceptions of male and female perpetrators of psychological abuse, and examined whether gendered perceptions were affected by sexist beliefs or participants’ own sex. The experiment also explored the effect of the victim’s response to a perpetrator’s abuse. College participants ( N = 195) read a scenario depicting a hypothetical marital conflict that manipulated the sex of the perpetrator, the level of abuse (abuse or no abuse), and whether the victim did or did not respond with some aggression. In scenarios that featured abuse (relative to no-abuse conditions), a male perpetrator was consistently perceived more harshly than a female perpetrator. Participant sex and sexism did not moderate this gender-based perception. Varying the victim’s response in the scenario affected perceptions more in the no-abuse condition than in the abuse condition. The findings are discussed in terms of robust gender assumptions and the difficulties in challenging such assumptions.
Family-Centered Breastfeeding Education to Promote Primiparas’ Exclusive Breastfeeding in China
Authors: Ke Jian , Ouyang Yan-Qiong , Redding Sharon R.
Published: November 2017

Background:

Few breastfeeding education programs focus on primiparas and the importance of family members on exclusive breastfeeding in China.

Research aim:

This study aimed to explore the influence of a family-centered breastfeeding education program in promoting exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months postpartum and to improve women’s attitude and knowledge, family members’ knowledge, and family support.

Methods:

This was a two-group quasi-experimental design with multiple comparisons. Participants ( N = 59) were randomized to either the intervention ( n = 29) or the control ( n = 30) group. The intervention group received two prenatal breastfeeding education lectures that included important family members, three home visits, eight telephone calls, text or video/audio support, and quality online resources during lactation. The control group received in-hospital care and follow-up by community nurses after discharge.

Results:

Compared with the control group, the intervention group was more likely to exclusively breastfeed in the first 6 months, odds ratio = 0.44, 95% confidence interval [0.20, 0.98]. The mean knowledge level of the intervention group improved more across time ( p < .05) and was higher than the control group ( p < .05). Perceived family support within the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group from 1 to 6 months ( p < .05).

Conclusion:

The breastfeeding education program is an effective strategy to promote exclusive breastfeeding in China.
Gender Conformity, Perceptions of Shared Power, and Marital Quality in Same- and Different-Sex Marriages
Authors: Pollitt Amanda M. , Robinson Brandon A. , Umberson Debra
Published: November 2017

Research on gender inequality within different-sex marriages shows that women do more unpaid labor than men, and that the perception of inequality influences perceptions of marital quality. Yet research on same-sex couples suggests the importance of considering how gender is relational. Past studies show that same-sex partners share unpaid labor more equally and perceive greater equity than do different-sex partners, and that lesbian, gay, and bisexual people are less gender conforming than heterosexuals. However, studies have not considered how gender conformity might shape inequalities and marital quality within same- and different-sex unions. In this study, we analyze dyadic data from both spouses in same- and different-sex marriages to explore how sex of spouse and gender conformity influence perceptions of shared power within the relationship, which, in turn, influences marital quality. Results show that greater gender conformity is related to stronger perceptions of shared power in different-sex and male same-sex couples but not in female same-sex couples. Perceptions of shared power are positively associated with marital quality in all union types. Our findings suggest that maintaining hegemonic masculinity and power inequalities may be salient to marriages with men. In female same-sex couples, gender and its relation to power inequalities may carry less meaning.
Single and combined fault diagnosis of reciprocating compressor valves using a hybrid deep belief network
Authors: Tran Van Tung , AlThobiani Faisal , Tinga Tiedo , Ball Andrew , Niu Gang
Published: November 2017

In this paper, a hybrid deep belief network is proposed to diagnose single and combined faults of suction and discharge valves in a reciprocating compressor. This hybrid integrates the deep belief network structured by multiple stacked restricted Boltzmann machines for pre-training and simplified fuzzy ARTMAP (SFAM) for fault classification. In the pre-training procedure, an algorithm for selecting local receptive fields is used to group the most similar features into the receptive fields of which top values are the units of each layer, and then restricted Boltzmann machine is applied to these units to construct a network. Unsupervised learning is also carried out for each restricted Boltzmann machine layer in this procedure to compute the network weights and biases. Finally, the network output is fed into SFAM to perform fault classification. In order to diagnose the valve faults, three signal types of vibration, pressure, and current are acquired from a two-stage reciprocating air compressor under different valve conditions such as suction leakages, discharge leakages, spring deterioration, and their combination. These signals are subsequently processed so that the useful fault information from the signals can be revealed; next, statistical features in the time and frequency domains are extracted from the signals and used as the inputs for hybrid deep belief network. Performance of hybrid deep belief network in fault classification is compared with that of the original deep belief network and the deep belief network combined with generalized discriminant analysis, where softmax regression is used as a classifier for the latter two models. The results indicate that hybrid deep belief network is more capable of improving the diagnosis accuracy and is feasible in industrial applications.
The development of design guidelines for integrally stiffened panels under compression using surrogate modelling
Authors: Dezyani Morteza , Yousefi Shahram , Dalayeli Hossein , Frrokhfal Hamid
Published: November 2017

Preliminary design of stiffened compression panels used in aerospace structures is commonly based on the routine analytical and semi-empirical equations. Empirical charts are used for obtaining an initial guess to start the preliminary design process. In this paper, preliminary design guidelines for stiffened compression panels are developed based on the non-linear finite element analyses. Meanwhile, the process of design and optimization of the stiffened compression panels are carried out. Modelling phase is based on the finite element simulations of the structure. The surrogate modelling technique is employed to reduce the number of finite element analyses. An efficient technique is developed to find the global optimum of the surrogate model using sequential quadratic programming algorithm. The proposed approach is applied to two types of integrally stiffened panels. The final results are extracted as practical design guidelines which are suitable for preliminary design phase.
Burkitt non-Hodgkin lymphoma presenting with mental neuropathy (‘numb chin’ syndrome) in an HIV-positive patient
Authors: Vora N , Haryee H , Dickson JC , Miller RF
Published: November 2017

Mental nerve neuropathy is usually due to local trauma or dental causes, but may be a manifestation of malignancy. A patient with virologically controlled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection presented with a ‘numb chin’ on the background of long-standing night sweats, malaise and weight loss, worsening respiratory symptoms, and lymphadenopathy. Burkitt non-Hodgkin lymphoma was diagnosed from histology of a lymph node. Imaging (magnetic resonance imaging and 18fluorodeoxyglucose [FDG]-positron emission tomography-computed tomography [PET-CT]) showed abnormal intracranial enhancement of the right mandibular nerve and extensive 18FDG-avid lymphadenopathy above and below the diaphragm, focal lesions in the spleen and within the right mandible. The patient received chemotherapy and remains in clinical and radiological remission seven years later. This case highlights the need for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for underlying malignancy when an HIV-infected patient presents with new onset of a ‘numb chin’. Additionally, it demonstrates the importance of functional 18FDG-PET-CT and neuroimaging in order to identify site(s) of pathology.
Infectious Disease and Imperfections of Self-Image
Authors: Ackerman Joshua M. , Tybur Joshua M. , Mortensen Chad R.
Published: November 2017

Infectious disease is an ever-present threat in daily life. Recent literature indicates that people manage this threat with a suite of antipathogenic psychological and behavioral defense mechanisms, which motivate the avoidance of people and objects bearing cues to pathogen risk. Here, we demonstrate that self-image is also impacted by these mechanisms. In seven studies, pathogen cues led individuals chronically averse to germs to express greater concern about their own physical appearance. Correspondingly, these people exhibited behavioral intentions and decisions intended to conceal or improve their appearance, such as purchasing facial products, taking pharmaceuticals, and undergoing cosmetic surgery. This work opens a new area of investigation for infectious-disease psychology research and highlights the central role played by physical appearance in pathogen-related cognition.
It’s “like walking on broken glass”: Pan-Canadian reflections on work–family conflict from psychology women faculty and graduate students
Authors: McCutcheon Jessica M , Morrison Melanie A
Published: November 2017

Studies on work–family conflict amongst university faculty members indicate that women experience significantly more conflict in balancing their dual roles than their male counterparts. Research suggests that female faculty may be disadvantaged because of the norms structuring academic environments, which seemingly accommodate the life courses of men. Interestingly, the experience of work–family conflict for graduate students, who are besieged by many of the same environmental forces as female faculty, has been largely ignored within the scholarly literature. In the present study, qualitative responses regarding work–family conflict from 65 academic women (32 faculty; 33 graduate students) from universities and colleges across Canada were submitted to thematic analysis. Results revealed three interconnected themes: masculine workplace norms, the need to choose between work and family, and consequences of work–family conflict. The findings point to the need for academic institutions to critically examine their cultures surrounding motherhood in an effort to provide hospitable environments for faculty and graduate students who are, or who will become, parents.
Association between false-positive TORCH and antiphospholipid antibodies in healthy pregnant women
Authors: De Carolis S , Tabacco S , Rizzo F , Perrone G , Garufi C , Botta A , Salvi S , Benedetti Panici P , Lanzone A
Published: November 2017

The present study investigated: (a) the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and (b) the obstetric outcome in healthy pregnant women showing false-positive TORCH—Toxoplasmosis, Other: syphilis, varicella-zoster, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes infections—results. Data from 23 singleton healthy pregnancies with false-positive TORCH results were collected. Each woman was systematically screened for TORCH IgG and IgM during the pre-conception assessment and/or at the beginning of pregnancy. In the presence of IgM positivity, when indicated (CMV, toxoplasmosis, rubella, herpes simplex virus), IgG avidity was evaluated and, if possible, polymerase chain reaction was performed on an amniotic fluid sample in order to distinguish between primary infection or false positivity. The antiphospholipid antibodies tests were: lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies IgG, IgM, and anti-β2glicoprotein I IgG, IgM. The antiphospholipid antibodies tests, if positive, were repeated after 12 weeks to confirm the results. In pregnant women with false-positive TORCH, the overall prevalence of positive antiphospholipid antibodies for one or more tests was 52.2%. To clarify the correlation of false-positive TORCH results with clinical practice, obstetric outcome was analyzed in terms of live births, week of delivery, neonatal birth weight, and neonatal birth weight percentile. A statistically significant lower neonatal birth weight and neonatal birth weight percentile were observed in women with false-positive TORCH associated with antiphospholipid antibodies positivity (Group A) in comparison with those in women with false-positive TORCH without antiphospholipid antibodies positivity (Group B). No statistically significant difference was found for the week of delivery between the two groups. It is hoped that future studies will verify the life-long persistence of antiphospholipid antibodies positivity by follow-up of these women and identify who will develop a classical antiphospholipid syndrome or other autoimmune disorders.
Efficient estimation of disease odds ratios for follow-up genetic association studies
Authors: Hu Jiyuan , Zhang Wei , Li Xinmin , Pan Dongdong , Li Qizhai
Published: November 2017

In the past decade, genome-wide association studies have identified thousands of susceptible variants associated with complex human diseases and traits. Conducting follow-up genetic association studies has become a standard approach to validate the findings of genome-wide association studies. One problem of high interest in genetic association studies is to accurately estimate the strength of the association, which is often quantified by odds ratios in case-control studies. However, estimating the association directly by follow-up studies is inefficient since this approach ignores information from the genome-wide association studies. In this article, an estimator called GFcom, which integrates information from genome-wide association studies and follow-up studies, is proposed. The estimator includes both the point estimate and corresponding confidence interval. GFcom is more efficient than competing estimators regarding MSE and the length of confidence intervals. The superiority of GFcom is particularly evident when the genome-wide association study suffers from severe selection bias. Comprehensive simulation studies and applications to three real follow-up studies demonstrate the performance of the proposed estimator. An R package, “GFcom”, implementing our method is publicly available at https://github.com/JiyuanHu/GFcom .
Signed family physician reminder letters to women overdue for screening mammography: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Chan Elisa K , Wilson Christine , Tyldesley Scott , Olivotto Ivo A , Lai Anky , Sam Janette , Harry Ritinder , Nichol Alan
Published: November 2017

Objective

To determine whether signed family physician reminder letters to women overdue for screening mammography prompts rescreening.

Methods

A randomized double-blind trial conducted in 2013 among women aged 51–73 and overdue for screening by 6–24 months. The study was carried out by the publicly funded British Columbia Cancer Agency Screening Mammography Program, which routinely sends standard reminder postcards to women who are due for mammography. Participating family physicians signed letters for the overdue women in their practices. The overdue women were mailed either the signed reminder letter and the standard reminder postcard, or the standard reminder postcard alone. The primary endpoint was the proportion of overdue women that attended a screening mammogram appointment within six months of mailing the study letters. The analysis was by intention to treat.

Results

In total, 822 family physicians participated and 5638 women were randomized. Mammography attendance by six months after mailing the reminders was 34.4% (947/2749) for women in the signed family physician letter arm, compared with 24.0% (660/2749) for women in the control arm (p < 0.0001). Adjusting for age, number of previous screening mammograms, and months overdue, women in the signed letter arm were significantly more likely to return for screening than women in the control arm (RR 1.41; 95% confidence interval: 1.30–1.54).

Conclusion

A signed family physician reminder letter improved mammography attendance for women who were overdue for screening mammography.
The transition game: Toward a cultural economy of football in post-socialist China
Authors: Yu Lin , Newman Joshua , Xue Hanhan , Pu Haozhou
Published: November 2017

Following decades of significant economic and political reform, a once-closed China has emerged as the world’s fastest growing and arguably most interconnected political economic system. In the context of what has been termed a “post-socialist” transition, China’s sport system has similarly undergone rapid marketization (bringing in market actors and action). In this article, we examine the changing state and function of football (soccer) within this period of post-socialist transition. We provide a critical analysis of recent (c. 2010–2017) private and state-based initiatives to develop the commercial viability, international interconnectivity, and cultural significance of football (soccer). Drawing upon theories of cultural economy as developed by the globalization theorist Arjun Appadurai, we provide an historical and conceptual investigation of the strategic efforts to nationally imagine football culture as, and within, transitioning China. To do this, we examine how state actors and private intermediaries have leveraged increases in high-profile player transfers, domestic franchise valuations, investment in foreign teams, development of player academies, overall youth and adult participation, and expanded media rights agreements to simultaneously economize Chinese football culture and culturalize the logics of commercial sport and free market capitalism more generally. In so doing, we map the various “scapes” through which people, capital, images, technologies, and ideologies have been set aflow and thereby frame new imaginings of mass privatization, mediation, and consumerism for a national football consuming public.
A comparison of multi-component systems approaches to suicide prevention
Authors: Baker Simon TE , Nicholas Jennifer , Shand Fiona , Green Rachel , Christensen Helen
Published: November 2017

Objective:

To describe the new Australian approach to suicide prevention, LifeSpan, and compare it to other multi-component intervention models.

Method:

The components, implementation strategies and effectiveness of three multi-component intervention models are described and compared in a narrative review.

Results:

The LifeSpan, European Alliance Against Depression (EAAD), and Zero Suicide models emphasise the provision of evidence-based interventions and continuity of care. Only LifeSpan and EAAD include community-based interventions at the population level, and LifeSpan is the only model to include school-based interventions. Zero Suicide focuses on healthcare settings. Implementation of LifeSpan and EAAD involves the convening of multi-stakeholder teams at the local level. To date, there is some, albeit mixed, evidence in support of EAAD, while LifeSpan and Zero Suicide await further evaluation.

Conclusions:

Although multi-component approaches to suicide prevention share similar components, there are some important differences. Multiple interventions implemented at the same time and tailored to the local community context are likely to be the most effective way of reducing the rate of suicide. There is growing evidence for the effectiveness of multi-component systems approaches to suicide prevention; however, further evaluation is required.
“I Think He Will Have It Throughout His Whole Life”: Parent and Youth Perspectives About Childhood Mental Health Problems
Authors: Schraeder Kyleigh E. , Reid Graham J. , Brown Judith Belle
Published: November 2017

Children’s mental health (CMH) problems can be long-lasting. Even among children and youth who receive specialized CMH treatment, recurrence of problems is common. It is unknown whether youth and their parents view the possibility of future mental health problems. This has important implications for how CMH services should be delivered. This grounded theory study gained perspectives from youth (aged 12–15 years) who received CMH treatment ( n = 10) and their parents ( n = 10) about the expected course of CMH problems. Three disorder trajectories emerged: (a) not chronic, (b) chronic and persistent, and (c) chronic and remitting, with the majority of youth falling in the third trajectory. A gap in available services between CMH and adult care was perceived by parents, leaving them either help hopeful or help hungry about their child’s future care. Improving care for youth with ongoing mental health problems is needed to minimize costs to families and the system.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine: The Mozart Effect on Childhood Epilepsy—A Systematic Review
Authors: Brackney Dana E. , Brooks Jessica L.
Published: November 2017

This systematic review examines the effectiveness of Mozart’s music in decreasing seizures in children with epilepsy (Mozart Effect) using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice rating scale©. A search for articles with “Mozart Effect,” “child*,” and “epilepsy” was conducted in CINAHL Complete, Science Direct, Cochrane, and PubMed databases. Eight studies were selected based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria after removal of duplicates ( n = 17) and others ( n = 46). Studies included were English language, peer reviewed, published between April 2010 and February 2017, and available in full text with an abstract. Quasi-experimental studies demonstrate that the Mozart Effect May reduce epileptiform discharges or seizures in children and has potential as an adjunct to medical management of seizure activity or alone when medication or surgery is not accepted. A causal relationship between the music of Mozart and decreased seizure activity has yet to be demonstrated.
A Review of Perioperative Complications of Outpatient Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Borenstein Todd R. , Anand Kapil , Li Quanlin , Charlton Timothy P. , Thordarson David B.
Published: November 2017

Background:

Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is commonly pursued for patients with painful arthritis. Outpatient TAA are increasingly common and have been shown to decrease costs compared to inpatient surgery. However, there are very few studies examining the safety of outpatient TAA. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 65 consecutive patients who received outpatient TAA to identify complication rates.

Methods:

The medical records of 65 consecutive outpatient TAA from October 2012 to May 2016 with a minimum 6-month follow-up were reviewed. All patients received popliteal and saphenous blocks prior to surgery and were managed with oral pain medication postoperatively. All received a STAR total ankle. Demographics, comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, and perioperative complications including wound breakdown, infection, revision, and nonrevision surgeries were observed. Mean follow-up was 16.6 ± 9.1 months (range, 6-42 months).

Results:

There were no readmissions for pain control and 1 patient had a wound infection. The overall complication rate was 15.4%. One ankle (1.5%) had a wound breakdown requiring debridement and flap coverage. This patient thrombosed a popliteal artery stent 1 month postop. The 1 ankle (1.5%) with a wound infection occurred in a patient with diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates the safety of outpatient TAA. The combination of regional anesthesia and oral narcotics provided a satisfactory experience with no readmissions for pain control and 1 wound infection. The 1 wound breakdown complication (1.5%) was attributed to arterial occlusion and not outpatient management.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Postoperative Analgesia Using Peripheral Anesthetic Block of the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Stéfani Kelly Cristina , Ferreira Gabriel Ferraz , Pereira Filho Miguel Viana
Published: November 2017

Background:

Anesthetic block of the peripheral nerves in the foot and ankle is generally used as anesthesia. The increased use of anesthetic blocks has made this technique an increasingly safe method, and its use has been expanded to postoperative analgesia in foot and ankle surgeries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the analgesia time and pain intensity, using objective scores, after peripheral nerve block in foot and ankle surgeries.

Methods:

Patients who underwent surgery by the foot and ankle group of our institution from March 2016 to January 2017 were invited to participate in this prospective, randomized, and blinded study after signing an informed consent form. The study was approved by the local ethics committee. In total, 57 patients and 59 feet (2 bilateral surgeries) were subjected to spinal anesthesia and were randomized into the group receiving peripheral nerve block in the foot and ankle (7.5 mg/mL ropivacaine) and the control group. The patients answered a questionnaire, administered by phone during the postoperative period, regarding measurement of pain intensity, using the visual analog scale (VAS), and the time of onset of pain.

Results:

Improved pain was noted in patients who received a supplemental peripheral nerve block in relation to the duration of postoperative analgesia and the intensity of pain during the immediate postoperative period. No significant difference was found between the 2 groups in terms of pain intensity on the first or second postoperative day.

Conclusion:

Peripheral nerve block in the foot and ankle region can be used effectively as postoperative analgesia to reduce pain intensity during the immediate postoperative period and prolong analgesia.

Level of Evidence:

Level I, high-quality prospective randomized clinical trial.
Community Activism as Curriculum: How to Meet Gifted Students’ Needs While Creating Change
Authors: Beason-Manes Ashley D.
Published: November 2017

Gifted middle school students in sixth, seventh, and eighth grades engaged with a community activism curriculum designed and implemented by the author, their gifted education facilitator, as part of their gifted programming. This authentic learning experience asked students to follow a creative problem-solving process that fostered thoughtful problem-solving and successful action plans. Participating students reported feeling empowered by the experience of creating lasting positive change in their community and even altered their own expectations of learning experiences in school. This article explores the perspective of the practitioner and ways of successfully implementing such a curriculum.
Artful Teaching and Science Investigations: A Perfect Match
Authors: McGee Christy
Published: November 2017

Tomlinson’s explanation of Artful Teaching and her 2017 expansion of this concept The Five Key Elements of Differentiation provide the theoretical framework of this examination of the need for science investigations in elementary schools. The Artful Teaching framework uses an equilateral triangle with vertices labeled The Teacher, The Student, and The Content illustrating the need to incorporate these components when designing lessons. The Five Key Elements of Differentiation show essential elements of the environment, curriculum, assessment, instruction, and leadership and management as approaches to ensure artful teaching. This article examines how elementary schoolteachers can and should create interesting science investigation for students. A Moon Study unit provides an example of combining the five key elements of differentiation, artful teaching, and Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) to create a first grade unit that encompasses reading, writing, science concepts, student readiness levels, and respectful tasks to assist students in participating in inquiry-based science exploration.
A Systematic Review of Single-Case Research Studies on Using Video Modeling Interventions to Improve Social Communication Skills for Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Qi Cathy Huaqing , Barton Erin E. , Collier Margo , Lin Yi-Ling
Published: November 2017

Video modeling (VM) interventions have increasingly been examined as a means of teaching social communication skills to individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the research, which primarily used single-case research designs (SCRDs), pointed to inconsistent results across participants within studies and across studies. The purpose of this review was to synthesize 24 research studies using SCRD to examine the effects of VM for individuals with ASD on social communication skills. We applied the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) SCRD design standards, conducted our own independent visual analysis, and calculated four nonoverlap indices to synthesize this research. Findings from the synthesis of the 24 SCRD studies concluded that VM intervention is an evidence-based practice according to the WWC standards for increasing social communication skills of individuals with ASD. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Being Where? Navigating the Involvement Paradox in Qualitative Research Accounts
Authors: Langley Ann , Klag Malvina
Published: November 2017

Researcher presence in the field (“being there”) has long been a topic of scholarly discussion in qualitative inquiry. However, the representation of field presence in research accounts merits increased methodological attention as it impacts readers’ understanding of study phenomena and theoretical contributions. We maintain that the current ambiguity around representing field involvement is rooted in our scholarly community’s “involvement paradox.” On one hand, we laud field proximity as a tenet of qualitative inquiry. On the other hand, we insist on professional distance to avoid “contamination” of findings. This leaves authors in a difficult position as they attempt to weave field involvement into written accounts. We draw on existing conceptual articles and illustrative exemplars to introduce four interrelated dimensions of representation: visibility, voice, stance, and reflexivity. These are intended to structure thinking about how authors do, and can, cast field involvement in research accounts as they navigate the involvement paradox. We encourage researcher-authors to think carefully about how they attend to their field presence as they craft research accounts, in order to enhance their legitimacy, trustworthiness, and richness.
Indentation failure of foam cored sandwich structures subjected to elevated temperatures
Authors: Laux Tobias , Thomsen Ole T
Published: November 2017

This research explores the detrimental effect of elevated temperatures on local indentation failure of polymer foam cored sandwich structures with laminated glass fibre reinforced epoxy face sheets. A simple analytical model to predict the critical indentation failure load at elevated temperatures is presented and validated against experimental observations. For this purpose, a sandwich beam loaded in three-point bending with an induced through-thickness elevated temperature profile was studied experimentally and by means of analytical and finite element models. In the experiment, the through-thickness temperature gradient was induced with an infrared lamp pointing on the top face sheet, while the local displacement and strain fields near the applied point load were recorded by digital image correlation. The analytical model proposed, which accounts for temperature degraded/reduced foam core properties, superimposes the local response, approximated by the classical Winkler foundation model, and the global response obtained by sandwich beam theory. The comparative study has shown that the critical load causing core crushing failure reduces significantly with elevated temperatures by as much as 50% at an elevated temperature of 90℃. It is shown that the simple analytical model can predict the local deflections and core stresses of foam cored composite sandwich structures subjected to simultaneous localized mechanical loading and elevated temperatures. Thus, the analytical model can be used as a preliminary design tool to determine the critical core crushing load at elevated temperatures.
Always on My Mind
Authors: Thulin Eva
Published: November 2017

This article examines how current widespread smartphone adoption and usage plays out in the everyday lives of young Swedes. Drawing on the framework of media and information and communication technology domestication, we examine the appropriation and incorporation of new mobile media as well as the redefined roles and meanings of traditional mobile communication channels (i.e., text messages and voice calls). Based on an in-depth study of 18 high-school students, the study explores how practices, roles and experiences associated with mobile social communication are currently evolving with the advent of smartphones. The main arguments are that emerging ‘smart’ practices are reorienting mobile social communication towards the increased centrality of images and visual messaging, ‘groups’ and many-to-many contact, and mediated social contact as an intensified background setting. At the same time, SMS and voice calls have been removed from the centre of young people’s social communication.
Vulnerable Girls and Dangerous Boys
Authors: Henriksen Ann-Karina
Published: November 2017

The study explores the gendered institutional practices and rationalities applied to young people placed in Danish secure institutions. The study draws on ethnographic research, combining participant observation and interviews to gain insight into professionals’ gendered practices and rationalities, and young people’s experiences of confinement. Drawing on Foucauldian power analytics and post-structuralist feminist theory on subjectivity, the study finds that the disciplining practices are gendered to promote working-class masculinity for boys and normative femininity and (hetero)sexuality for girls, with minorizing effects on some boys and girls. The study provides unique insights from a gender-integrated context for confined young people and supplements scholarship on the gendered logics that underpin interventions operating within the penal–social work nexus.
Neural correlates of effort-dependent and effort-independent cognitive fatigue components in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Spiteri Stefan , Hassa Thomas , Claros-Salinas Dolores , Dettmers Christian , Schoenfeld Mircea Ariel
Published: November 2017

Background:

Among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), fatigue is the most commonly reported symptom. It can be subdivided into an effort-dependent (fatigability) and an effort-independent component (trait-fatigue).

Objective:

The objective was to disentangle activity changes associated with effort-independent “trait-fatigue” from those associated with effort-dependent fatigability in MS patients.

Methods:

This study employed behavioral measures and functional magnetic imaging to investigate neural changes in MS patients associated with fatigue. A total of 40 MS patients and 22 age-matched healthy controls performed in a fatigue-inducing N-back task. Effort-independent fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Scale of Motor and Cognition (FSMC) questionnaire.

Results:

Effort-independent fatigue was observed to be reflected by activity increases in fronto-striatal-subcortical networks primarily involved in the maintenance of homeostatic processes and in motor and cognitive control. Effort-dependent fatigue (fatigability) leads to activity decreases in attention-related cortical and subcortical networks.

Conclusion:

These results indicate that effort-independent (fatigue) and effort-dependent fatigue (fatigability) in MS patients have functionally related but fundamentally different neural correlates. Fatigue in MS as a general phenomenon is reflected by complex interactions of activity increases in control networks (effort-independent component) and activity reductions in executive networks (effort-dependent component) of brain areas.
Are pupils’ ‘Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)’ scores associated with a nation’s fish consumption?
Authors: Schmiedel Volker , Vogt Hans , Walach Harald
Published: November 2017

Aims: Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for neurodevelopment. Fish is a major source of these essential nutrients. We asked whether a nation’s fish consumption is associated with its pupils’ PISA scores as measures of school achievement, independent of economic status and breastfeeding. Method (Design and Setting): This was a regression analytic study based on published data. Results: Data on fish consumption and PISA scores were available for 64 countries. A significant regression model explained 72% of the variance in PISA scores. Breastfeeding does not enter the model. After controlling for technical and/or economic development, a nation’s fish consumption remains a significant predictor, explaining an additional 4% of the variance. Discussion: This effect is likely due to the fact that fish, as the major source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for a population, is important for the omega-3 supply to mothers and the early neurodevelopment of their children. Conclusions: Fish consumption, as a proxy for a population’s omega-3 supply, is an independent predictor of pupils’ school achievement, in addition to a nation’s economic development.
Reported habitual intake of breakfast and selected foods in relation to overweight status among seven- to nine-year-old Swedish children
Authors: Nilsen Bente B. , Yngve Agneta , Monteagudo Celia , Tellström Richard , Scander Henrik , Werner Bo
Published: November 2017

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the reported frequency of breakfast intake and selected food and beverages in the investigated group of Swedish children in comparison with recommended intakes. Furthermore, the study analyses these food habits and some demographic and lifestyle factors in relation to overweight and obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study builds on data collected in 2008 and 2010. Measured anthropometric data and parent questionnaire data were collected. A total of 2620 Swedish children (52.1% boys) aged seven to nine years were included. Results: The majority of parents reported that their children (95.4%) had breakfast every day. The majority of children had fresh fruit (84.7%) and vegetables (83.9%) most days a week. Only 1.6% of the children were reported to have fast food and 6.0% to have sugar containing soft drinks, four days a week or more. The prevalence of overweight including obesity (OW/OB) was 17.8% for boys, 18.6% for girls. The odds of being OW/OB was higher among those not having breakfast every day (odds ratio (OR) 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–2.96), drinking diet soft drink (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.52–4.42) and skimmed/semi-skimmed milk (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.37–2.36) four days a week or more. Parents being overweight and having low education levels were also related to a higher risk of their children being overweight. Conclusions: The parental reports of children’s food habits pointed at favourable eating patterns for most investigated children. Breakfast skipping, diet soft drinks and low-fat milk consumption were more frequent among OW/OB children. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the causal relationships.
Drinking with parents
Authors: Pape Hilde , Bye Elin K.
Published: November 2017

Aims:

Is drinking with parents (DWP) likely to curb or to encourage adolescent heavy drinking? The scant number of studies addressing this issue have arrived at contradictory conclusions, which may reflect that different measures of DWP have been used. We pursued the assumption, taking potential confounding related to parental alcohol-specific rule-setting and parenting style into account.

Method:

Data stem from the Norwegian 2015 ESPAD survey of 15–16 year olds. Drinking with parents at the last drinking event and the frequency of DWP in the past year were assessed among those who had consumed alcohol ( n = 1374). Severe drunkenness and binge drinking in the past month were the outcomes. Parental covariates were accounted for in Poisson regression models.

Results:

One in five (21%) had been drinking with their parents the last time they consumed alcohol, and this DWP measure was strongly and inversely related to both drunkenness and binge drinking. Adolescents who reported no DWP episodes in the past year (61%) and those who reported 1–2 such episodes (30%) barely differed with respect to the two outcomes. More frequent DWP (9%) was significantly associated with an increased risk of heavy episodic drinking, but the statistical impact on severe drunkenness was no longer significant when adjusting for parental covariates.

Conclusions:

Different measures of DWP were related differently to adolescent heavy drinking, indicating that studies based on DWP at the last drinking event are biased in favour of the view that adolescents may “learn” sensible drinking by consuming alcohol with their parents.
Invading ethnography: A queer of color reflexive practice
Authors: Adjepong Anima
Published: November 2017

This article proposes invading ethnography as reflexive practice that disrupts normative representations of gender and sexuality. Writing from the perspective of the queer of color, this reflexive practice plays on the idea of the ethnographic researcher as an alien entity that invades a social setting, thereby calling attention to ethnography’s colonial history. I model this practice by sharing an ethnographic narrative from my research with a Ghanaian community in Houston, Texas. Rather than contain reflexivity to a methodological appendix or footnote, invading ethnography strategically interrupts the ethnographic narrative to illustrate how normative assumptions about gender and sexuality not only shape the organization of social spaces, but also inform ethnographic possibilities. In so doing, this article performs a decolonial option by destabilizing the powerful position of the narrator through an interruption of the ethnographic narrative.
Instantaneous torque, energy saving and flow rate ripple analysis of a common rail pump equipped with different delivery-pressure control systems
Authors: Ferrari Alessandro , Vitali Ruggero
Published: November 2017

A mechanical model of a high-pressure pump of a common rail fuel injection system is presented and validated by comparison with experimental instantaneous pump shaft torque and pump piston lift data. The instantaneous torque has been measured with a high-performance torque meter installed on a hydraulic rig for testing pieces of injection apparatus. In the model, the mechanics of the piston plunger and the forces exchanged between pistons and cam are simulated, and friction losses between mobile parts are taken into account. The numerical tool is used to investigate the dynamical performance of the high-pressure pump and to analyse the impact of the rail pressure control strategy on instantaneous torque, energy saving and flow rate ripple. The rail pressure control strategy, based on the application of a fuel metering valve at the pump inlet, gives rise to an improved hydraulic efficiency of the injection system at part loads and to a moderate rate of pressure increase in the pumping chamber at part loads. However, the rail pressure control strategy based on the installation of a pressure control valve at one rail extremity leads to a reduction in the pump flow rate ripple and to a diminution in the fatigue stress. Furthermore, cavitation problems can occur during intake and early compression phases of the pump cycle when the fuel metering unit is working.
The politics of the individual: Luhmann reading Durkheim
Authors: Debray Éva
Published: November 2017

In his introduction to the first German translation of Durkheim’s Division of Labour in Society, Luhmann hails the work as a “classic” of sociology, stressing its continued relevance and the need to persist in thinking with Durkheim. The present study focuses on this interpretative gesture, that is, on how Luhmann read Durkheim and set out a research program for sociology by defining its field of investigation, paying particular attention to his discussion of Durkheim’s approach to modern individuality. According to this interpretation, the French sociologist worked out a “sociological” conceptualization of the individual. On the one hand, in Luhmann’s view, Durkheim’s theory sheds light on a decrease in social control. On the other hand, he stresses that this inquiry into individuality was closely connected with a critical investigation of another conception of the individual that seems to derive from it, namely, the idea of human beings as “self-constituting.” Nevertheless, a complete examination of Luhmann’s interpretative gesture must also consider what is overlooked, namely the political conception of the individual Durkheim aimed to develop. In an attempt to fill this gap, this article highlights the political effects that such an occultation may entail.
Novel approach to constructing laser ionization elemental time-of-flight mass spectrometer
Authors: Sysoev Alexander A , Karpov Alexander V , Milyaeva Violetta V , Sysoev Alexey A
Published: November 2017

The main advantages of laser sampling are associated with following features: sample preparations as well as consumables are not needed, low risk of sample contamination, good spatial resolution. In mass spectrometry, high laser irradiance can be used for both ablation and ionization processes. The method is especially profitable in time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A new principle of constructing laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer based on wedge-shaped ion mirrors and the absence of electrostatic ion acceleration before mass analysis is discussed. Among advantages of the analyzer there are ability to provide temporal focusing of ions in a wide energy range (±20%), compactness of the analyzer, and minimization of the requirements for power supplies. The approach is expected to be profitable for standardless elemental analysis of solid samples, which should be possible at laser irradiation power density more than 3 × 109 W/cm2 that ensures complete ionization of all elements in a laser plasma. The analytical signal of each element is formed as the sum of the signals for all charge states and the energy scan of the mass spectra is provided.