bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Annular Post-Compression by FRP inside Mortar Joints and Vertical Post-Compression by Stainless Steel, for Seismic and Wind Retrofitting of Historical Masonry Chimney
Authors: Viskovic Alberto , Antonelli Libbio , Morgante Filippo
Published: August 2019

This paper shows the efficiency of the vertical and annular post-compression for wind and seismic structural behavior improvement of slender masonry chimney. For this aim a case study approach regarding an old masonry chimney is used. The paper shows the safety analysis and the safety improvement obtained applying at the same time a vertical and an annular masonry post-compression. The vertical post-compression is obtained through the post-tensioning of twenty-four vertical stainless-steel thin bars. These bars are connected to the chimney masonry only at the basement and at the top. They are placed inside the central void and horizontally distributed along a circumference near the inside face of the masonry, but without to touch it. The annular post-compression is obtained post-tensioning forty-five annular aramidica “not twisted” cables, placed and glued (after the post-tensioning) inside horizontal mortar joints of the more external masonry brick layer.
Comparison of Different FE Modeling for In-Plane Shear Strengthening of Brittle Masonry with FRCM
Authors: D'Ambra Claudio , Lignola Gian Piero , Prota Andrea , Sacco Elio
Published: August 2019

Few design oriented models on strengthening of unreinforced masonry (URM) panels under in-plane actions with composite systems are currently available (among them, the pioneers researches [1, 2] and the guidelines [3, 4] for FRPs). Usually, the in-plane shear capacity of a strengthened panel is evaluated as the sum of two terms: the contribution of URM masonry and that of the composite strengthening system (usually only the fibers are considered, also in the case of inorganic matrix, as illustrated in [5, 6, 7], neglecting the shear contribution of the matrix). Mostly, the models proposed to compute the strength increment of the URM can be seen as extensions of provisions for steel-reinforced masonry, where the reinforcement is modeled by the truss analogy [8] and an effective ultimate strain is introduced to account for premature failure of fibers in shear applications. However, the development of the ideal truss in a masonry wall is strongly conditioned by a proper anchorage of fibers and availability of a fiber grid, which is not always ensured. Several failure modes can be expected for strengthened masonry, like diagonal splitting cracking, sliding of a portion over the other, so that the contribution of the composite can be engaged in different ways. The aim of this study is to compare different modeling strategies in the numerical field accounting for matrix as a continuum or as a stiffening of individual fibers, and to provide novel FEM analyses revealing the different role of fiber orientations and matrix properties.
Dynamic Characterization of Nepali Masonry Temples Hit by 2015 Earthquake
Authors: Russo Salvatore , Spoldi Eleonora
Published: August 2019

The objective of this work is present the results of ambient vibration measurements obtained in two different Nepal missions (October 2016 and October-December 2017). The object of the research is the comparison of the dynamic behavior, through the measurement of the ambient micro tremor, of two monumental Hindu masonry buildings (Bhimsen Temple and Pancha Deval complex) damaged by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. The methodology used involves a meticulous study of the building through visual inspection and the use of a tromograph for the survey of structures in elevation. The results obtained show, in the case of Jagannath temple, a relationship between the high level of damage and the asymmetrical disposition of the roof beams.In the case of Pancha Deval complex, the AVMs show an interaction between the structure and the ground.
Structural Reinforcement of a Masonry Building
Authors: Cerretini Giovanni , Giacomin Giorgio
Published: August 2019

A structural reinforcement carried out on a 12th century mansion in masonry with the aim of a seismic improvement valued as a decrease in the Seismic Risk Class [4].The reinforcement technique combines the use of FRP systems with carbon fiber strips applied to the external perimeter walls and FRCM systems applied to the internal walls.The proposed solution allows the seismic improvement both in relation to local failure phenomena and in the overall behavior of the whole structure. Particular focus is given to the dimensional calculation of the reinforcements and to the combined contribution of the two techniques, highlighting the peculiarities of both. The FRP system is used to avoid overturning and to increase the resistance of the walls, while the FRCM system is used for the general improvement of the mechanical properties of the masonry. Particular attention is paid to the evaluation of the design resistance values related to the debonding failure by carrying on special technical measures in installation of aramid fiber or CFRP connectors.The intervention methodology allows an increase of the Seismic Risk Class of at least 3 levels, as deductible from the calculation of the PAM value.
Numerical Simulation of Geogrid Reinforced Adobe Walls
Authors: Invernizzi Stefano
Published: August 2019

The paper describes the finite element model simulation of reinforced adobe walls to assess the feasibility of an innovative strengthening technique for earthen constructions, which improves the seismic performance. The retrofitting technique is based on the application of geogrids on both sides of the earthen wall. The geogrid is comprised in the mud plaster layer, which is applied to the wall surface in two steps. No additional connections are put in place, and the connection between the geogrid and the wall is granted exclusively by the mud plaster. The numerical simulation accounted for the presence of adobe blocks and clay joints, as well as for the presence of the reinforcing geogrid and of the mud plaster. The nonlinear behavior of the material was modeled with smeared cracking in tension and plasticity in compression, allowing to minimize the number of fitting material parameters. The numerical results are compared with the output from experimental tests [1] performed on almost twenty small walls without reinforcement, or with different types of geogrids available from the market. The laboratory tests included simple compression, diagonal shear, and three-point bending. The tests and the numerical simulation revealed that the retrofitting system is particularly effective from the mechanical point of view thanks to the optimal ratio between the wall and the geogrid stiffness and strength. The reinforced samples showed increased strength and greatly increased ductility, which is very promising in particular with respect to the seismic load behavior. The material compatibility between the geogrid and the mud plaster and the earthen wall is also very good, mainly due to the fact that geogrids were developed primarily for soil stabilization applications. The analyzed retrofitting system looks very promising for both the seismic improvement of existing vernacular heritage and for application in new bio-architecture building contexts.
FRP Pultruded Material as Reinforcement for Masonry: Expected Interaction in the Medium and Long Time
Authors: Russo Salvatore , Ippolito Ileana , Bergamo Claudia
Published: August 2019

Masonry buildings are still very common in the area with high seismic zone, such as the Mediterranean countries and other areas of the world recently hit by earthquakes of considerable intensity. The structural reinforcement of the masonry load-bearing elements is often necessary to increase their seismic resistance, also underway to modern regulatory codes. The use of FRP materials (fiber-reinforced polymers), produced by the pultrusion process, is for these purposes of a possible solutions. FRP pultruded structural elements could enhance the seismic capacity of the reinforced masonry structure and represent an advantage. The application of these materials in the field of structural reinforcement, takes place by gluing with appropriate adhesives or by bolting on the element to be reinforced. The aim of our research is the evaluation of the life cycle (LCA) of FRP glued a halted to the masonry. In detail, the research shows the final experimental results, related to the residual mechanical performance of pultruded samples subject to induced aging.
Numerical Modelling of FRCMs Confined Masonry Column
Authors: Verre Salvatore , Cascardi Alessio , Aiello Maria Antonietta , Ombres Luciano
Published: August 2019

The Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrices (FRCMs) are promising strengthening solution for existing masonry since the inorganic matrix is considerably compatible with historical substrates. Nevertheless, the matrix is responsible for the stress-transfer in composites so, in case of poor-quality mortar, the effectiveness of the strengthening can be limited or even compromised. For this reason, a few studies have been targeted to this aspect in the recent past, while numerical investigations are still limited. The present paper refers to a Finite Element (FE) analysis of masonry columns confined with FRCM composites developed by Abaqus-code and based on the macro-model approach. At this scope, available experimental results were used for the calibration regarding different types of the matrix (lime and cement based) for FRCM-confinement. The model was performed by using the Plastic (P) and the Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) material constitutive laws. The FRCM-strengthened system was preliminary modeled as a homogenous elastic material until failure. Typical failures of FRCM-systems are the detachment of the matrix from the substrate, slippage of the fibers within the embedding matrix, detachment of the composite strip at the fabric-matrix interface and fiber rupture. In this study, a perfect bond was considered for the interaction between the masonry column and the external reinforcement according to the experimental observations (calibration specimens). The parametric analysis allowed to evidence the influence of the mechanical and geometrical parameters on the structural performances of the FRCM-system in confining column.
Half-Scale Tests on Masonry Panels Strengthened with Pultruded FRP Frames
Authors: Sciarretta Francesca , Russo Salvatore
Published: August 2019

The research explores the capabilities of frames of pultruded FRP profiles as seismic strengthening for masonry walls. A programme is currently in progress at the IUAV University of Venice, consisting of in-plane shear tests on half-scale panels. The selected masonry type is traditional, i.e. clay bricks and lime mortar joints. The goal is to assess the effectiveness of the strengthening system with respect to the undamaged condition of masonry. A particular focus is on the connection system between the panel and the frame, i.e. epoxy adhesive connection and bolted joint. The results will be implemented in FEM analyses and analytical models to predict the system's and the joints' shear strength.
Consumption Value and Goat Livestock Weight Gain through Taiwanese Grass Feeding Using Morinda Bio-Activator Liquid Fertilizer
Authors: Semaun Rahmawati , Rauf Juliawati , Fitriani Fitriani , Hasan Syamsuddin , Nohong Budiman
Published: August 2019

Concentrate is required to be added for forage feeding in order to meet nutritional needs and also to increase the productivity of goat livestock. This study was done gradually and continuously, starting from the making of liquid organic fertilizer with the addition of Morinda fruit bio-activator that used to cultivate Taiwan grass. Furthermore, the Taiwan grass is combined with concentrate to be given to goats every day at different treatment level. During the cultivation process, consumption and weight gain value are generated in goats. It can be concluded that the value of consumption and weight gain are not significant statistically. However, the best weight gain is obtained in K3 treatment with a value of 0.29 kg/day and it is also in line with the value of feed consumption in K3. Taiwan grass as initial feed and concentrate as additional feed in balancing level so that it can fulfill nutritional needs of goat livestock.
The Effect of Temperature and Duration Roasting of the Physical Characteristics of Arabica Coffee
Authors: Musa Bondaris Palungan , Charnia Iradat Rapa , Salma Salu
Published: August 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and roasting time on changes in physical characteristics of arabica coffee beans. Rotary type mechanical coffee roaster equipment equipped with a digital temperature measuring device to measure the roasting temperature. The heat source used is from the gas stove with the inner surface temperature of the coffee bean roaster cinder being kept constant. Arabica dry coffee as much as 500 grams with 14 % moisture content is put into the roasting device which has been heated at the desired temperature. The roasting is done by repetition twice for each temperature which is 165 °C, 175 °C, 185 °C and 195 °C with variations in the average length of time ie 35 minutes, 29 minutes, 25 minutes and 23 minutes. The results showed that the temperature and roasting time had an effect on the physical characteristics of the coffee beans, especially the very real color changes and also the changes in the average moisture content of coffee beans were 1.82 %, 1.43 %, 1.12 % respectively. and 0.94 %. Keywords: Arabica coffee, temperature, roasting time, physical characteristics
The Used of Protease from Palado (Agave) Roots, and Palado Leaf in the Making Process of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)
Authors: Rahmawati Sitti , Nuryanti Siti , Male KASMIR S.
Published: August 2019

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) which is also known as coconut oil or virgin coconut is coconut oil obtained from fresh coconut meat through a process of heating at low temperatures, freeze drying, fermentation, enzymatic, mechanical pressure or centrifugation. VCO has a higher commercial value because it has many benefits and efficacy, which is only used for food and industrial raw materials for the cosmetic treatment of the body (hand body lotion), can also improve your metabolism and can cope with a variety of disease, thus used as ingredients in traditional medicines. One way of making the VCO is quite interesting by the enzymatic method using a protease derived from agave roots, and agave (palado) leaves. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of existing protease enzymes in plant roots palado, and agave leaves (leaf palado) as materials for VCO on enzymatic methods and and the determination of enzyme activity by Murachi method. The results showed that the enzyme that is at the root of the agave plant (palado root), and leaves of the agave plant (palado petals) can be used as an ingredient in the manufacture of VCO with enzymatic methods. VCO yield resulting from the material between palado leaves, and roots of palado, namely 17.5%. acid number of the resulting VCO is 0.56 (using a leaf Palado), who used the palado roots 0.44. The results of enzyme activity test show that protease enzyme contained in palado leaf extract is bromelin enzyme.
Optimization of Chitinase Production by Trichoderma virens in Solid State Fermentation Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Rachmawaty Rachmawaty , Halifah Pagarra , Hartati Hartati , Maulana Zulkifli , Salleh Madihah Md.
Published: August 2019

Physical factor for chitinase production by Trichodermavirens was first carried out using screening factor of 2-level factorial. The design was employed by selecting incubation time, temperature, moisture substrate, pH, inoculums size and concentration ammonium sulphate as a model factors. The result of 2-level factorial design experiment showed thal all three independent variable have significant effect on chitinase production. The physical factor was further optimized using Central Composite Design in which response surface was generated later from the derived model. An experimental design of three variables including various incubation time, temperature and moisture substrate were created using Design Expert® Software, Version 6.0.4 The design consist of 20 experiments, which include 6 replicate at center points. The optimal value for each variable are incubation time sixth days, temperature 27.83°C and moisture substrate 54% with predicted chitinase activity of 0.48738 U/g of dry substrate. These predicted parameters were tested in the laboratory and the final chitinase activity obtained was 0.48864 U/g of dry substrate, which is similar to the predicted value. The obtained value of the chitinase production was 0.48738 U/g IDS, which was 1.2 fold higher than that of the 2-level factorial design (0.261 U/gds)
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Moringa oleifera L. Leaf Extract as Bioreductor
Authors: Pratiwi Diana Eka , Side Sumiati , Nisa Nur Aifah Tun
Published: August 2019

In recent years, the development of efficient green chemistry methods for synthesis of metal nanoparticles has become a major focus of researchers. One of the most considered methods is production of metal nanoparticles using plants. In this study silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were rapidly synthesized by reacting silver ions with Moringa oleiferaL. leaf extract. The reaction process was simple and convenient to handle, and was monitored using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. The crystalline phase of the AgNPs was determined from X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns. The UV-vis spectra gave surface plasmon resonance for synthesized AgNPs at 465-473 nm. The XRD analysis showed that AgNPs are crystalline in nature and have face centered-cubic geometry with average particle size of 32 nm.
Determination of Bromide and Bromate Ions in the Presence of Standard Ions by Suppressed Ion Chromatography
Authors: Surleva Andriana , Ivanova Veronika
Published: August 2019

An ion chromatographic method for determination of bromide and bromate in the presence of standard anions in drinking water was described. The method was based on separation on Metrosep A Supp 7-250 (250 x 4 mm) column with 3.6 mmol/L Na2CO3 as eluent and conductivity detection after sequential chemical and carbon dioxide suppression. The influence of flow rate and column temperature was studied and optimal experimental conditions for simultaneous determination of eight anions were chosen. Analytical characteristics of the ion chromatographic method were assessed for simultaneous determination of bromide, bromate, fluoride, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate. The calibration curves were linear (r2=1, N=7) in the concentration ranges: 0.4-12 mg/L BrO3- and 0.3-11 mg/L Br-. Recovery test was performed on a spiked certified reference material for soft drinking water. The obtained recoveries for bromate and bromide were 96.0 and 101.0 %, respectively. The repeatability and intermediate precision were between 5.1 and 0.14 % (RSD) depending on the analytes concentration. The limits of detection were 20 μg/L BrO3- and 10 μg/L Br-
A Contrastive Analysis of Wall Water Quality Test in Parepare City, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmawati Rahmawati , Jasman Jasman , Mustakim Mustakim , Andi Irmayani Pawelloi , Andi Abd. Jabbar
Published: August 2019

Availability of raw water is one of the problems faced in the provision of clean water services in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the quality of ordinary well water and drill water with physical parameters test. The number of samples in this study was 12 drill wells and 12 ordinary wells belonging to residents in the City of Parepare and the total were 12 villages. The parameters observed refer to the Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation Number 479 / Menkes / Per / IV / 2010 concerning Water Quality Requirements and Supervision which includes physical parameters such as turbidity. Data collection methods used in this study were cross sectional analysis in South Sulawesi Provincial Health Laboratory Makassar. Based on the results of the laboratory test for measuring water quality as measured by one of the physical parameters, namely turbidity, there is a difference in value between ordinary wells and boreholes. The turbidity values ​​measured in ordinary wells are 3 villages that do not meet the requirements of clean water quality, where all of the results are above the maximum set level of> 5 NTU, the villages is watang Soreang village, Lompoe village and Galung Maloang village while the turbidity value is measured in drill wells are the result that meets the requirements of clean water quality where the results do not exceed the maximum set level of 5 NTU.
The Analysis of n-Alkane Hydrocarbons in the Sediment around the Coast of Makassar Using Mopi Indicator
Authors: Syahrir Muhammad , Hasri Hasri , Salempa Pince
Published: August 2019

This study aims to determine the content of n-alkanes in the sediment around the coast of Makassar using the MOPI (Marine Oil Pollution Index) indicator. The method includes the sediment sampling from nine different stations with the Phleger Corer Sampler in gravimetric analysis to identify the concentration of organic material extract and aliphatic fraction. To identify the characteristic of n-alkane hydrocarbons, gas chromatography of mass spectra method was applied. The results of the aliphatic fraction (F1) analysis of the coastal sediments which were contaminated with low biogenic - petrogenic have a MOPI scores of 3, which is supported by a high UCM (Unresolved Complex Mixture) and n-alkane identified between C1-C44. While the sediments that come from natural processes, pure - biogenic and biogenic, have MOPI scores ​​between 1 and 2. This is supported by the chromatogram profile with an area of ​​UCM generally smaller by n-alkanes identified between C15-C58
Properties of Alkali Activated Slag Concrete Incorporating Waste Materials as Aggregate: A Review
Authors: Adesina Adeyemi
Published: August 2019

Alkali activated slag (AAS) has gained huge attention in recent years due to its ability to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as a binder in concrete. A need to replace OPC is imminent due to the high carbon dioxide emitted into the environment during its production. However, the use of this type of binder did not eliminate the huge strain placed on the deposit of natural resources. With the demand for concrete predicted to rise significantly in coming years, this means there will be a consequential increase in the amount of natural deposits of aggregates exploited, as aggregates make up about 80% by the volume of concrete. Therefore, in order to meet this forthcoming demand of sustainable concrete, and reduce the excessive strain on the use of natural aggregates, it is essential to find alternative materials that can be used as aggregate in concrete using AAS as a binder. This paper summarizes experimental results from various studies on the use of waste materials on aggregate. The fresh and hardened properties, alongside the cost and sustainability indications, are explored. It was drawn from this review that more reduction in carbon dioxide emission and cost could be achieved with the use of waste materials as aggregate in concrete. In addition, concrete made with AAS as a binder and incorporating waste as aggregate showed similar/higher properties with those made with natural aggregate. However, proper selection of types of wastes and replacement levels of these waste materials used as aggregate is still required to achieve enhanced properties.
Durability Enhancement of Concrete Using Nanomaterials: An Overview
Authors: Adesina Adeyemi
Published: August 2019

Different initiatives have evolved over the years to improve the durability of concrete, and one of the promising areas gaining attention in recent years is the use of nanomaterials in concrete. Though most of the applications of nanomaterials to improve the properties of concrete has been restricted to laboratory applications, it is anticipated that in few years to come more commercial and large-scale applications will ensue. This overview explored different types of nanomaterials already used in concrete and their effects on the durability of concrete. It was found out that nanosilica is the most used nanomaterial in concrete. And all types of nanomaterials currently used, enhance the durability of concrete significantly compared to other methods employed before the advent of nanomaterials in concrete. However, the use of other nanomaterials such as nanotitania and nanoalumina is attracting great attention. But the use of nanomaterials in concrete is faced by several challenges such as its high cost, production process, toxicity, etc. It is expected that with more research and application in the use of nanomaterials to enhance the properties of concrete, cheap and user-friendly nanomaterials can be developed. In addition, this review shows the possibility of enhancing the current durability properties with the use of nanomaterials.
A Review on Heat Released in early Geopolymerization by Calorimetric Study
Authors: Mohamed Rosnita , Abd Razak Rafiza , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa
Published: August 2019

An exothermic chemical reaction between cement and water or is called as hydration of cement produced heat in which gives significance impact to the cement or concrete produced. This hydration of cement is similar to geopolymerization as in geopolymerization, heat is liberated when any pozzolanic material mixes with alkaline solution. Heat released for both hydration of cement and geopolymerization can be measured in a form of calorimetric data. This paper reviews on the use of heat released information for a better understanding on the reaction kinetics of geopolymerization and correlating the heat released with several factors including concentration of alkaline solution, mixing designation and curing temperature.
Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer/Carbon Fiber/TiO2 Nanoparticles (NPs) Composite
Authors: Subaer Subaer , Haris Abdul , Kharisma Noor Afifah , Akifah Nur , Zulwiyati Risna
Published: August 2019

The main objective of this study is to investigate the thermo-mechanical properties of composite made from geopolymer/carbon fiber/TiO2 NPs. The composite was fabricated from geopolymer based on metakaolin added with carbon fibers as reinforcement and TiO2 NPs as self-cleaning agent. The thermal properties of the composite was examined by subjecting the samples to temperature up to 750OC for 4 hours. The mechanical properties of the resulting materials were measured by using flexural and tensile strength measurements. The experimental results showed that the compsite exhibited high temperature resistance and the addition of carbon fiber were increase the flexural as well as the tensile strength of the composite.
Development of Photoactive Nano TiO2 Thin Film-Geopolymer Based on Laterite Soils Deposit Gowa Regency as Self-Cleaning Material
Authors: Permatasari Anita Dewi , Fahira Nursalfaul , Husna Muslimin Nurul , Subaer Subaer
Published: August 2019

The main objectives of this study is to investigate the properties of photoactive Nano TiO2 thin film-geopolymer based on laterite soils deposit Gowa regency as self-cleaning material. The soil was clean, grounded, sieves 200 mesh and dehydroxylated at 750 for 2 hours. Nano TiO2 was prepared through ball milling process for 10 hours. The geopolymers was synthesized through alkali activation method by adjusting the molar oxide ratios of SiO2/(Al2O3+Fe2O3), Na2O/SiO2 and H2O/Na2O in accordance with the chemical compositions of the soils. Nano TiO2 was added into geopolymers paste at different concentration namely 0.5% and 1.0% (relative to the mass of laterite soils) by using spray method. The self-cleaning properties of the sample were observed by immersing the sample into clays solution then irradiated under UV lamp for 24 hours. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was performed to examine the structure and phase of the sample. The surface morphology of geopolymers was studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The measurements results showed that photoactive Nano TiO2-geopolymers composite can be applied as self-cleaning materials.
Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity from Sonneratia caseolaris Fruit Extract
Authors: Halifah Pagarra , Hartati Hartati , Rachmawaty Rachmawaty , Yusminah Hala , Roshanida A. Rahman
Published: August 2019

A study out to investigate the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Sonneratia caseolaris fruit, a mangrove plant from Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Sonneratia caseolaris extract was prepared by two different solvent: ethyl acetate and ethanol 70%. We tested the extract of Sonneratia caseolaris for antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The phytochemicals were extracted separately with ethyl acetate and ethanol 70% by maceration. The evaluation of antibacterial activity for different solvent with different concentration of Sonneratia caseolaris fruit was measurements of inhibitory power are measured by measuring the diameter of the clear zone formed. In phytochemical test Sonneratia caseolaris fruits extracted by ethyl acetate solvent confirmed the presence of flavanoids, saponin, tannin and phenolic and extracted by ethanol 70% solvent confirmed the presence of alkaloid, saponin and phenolic. The antioxidant activity as indicated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of the Sonneratia caseolaris fruits extract from the species was found to be quite appreciable. The antioxidant scavenging activity of Sonneratia caseolaris fruit extract by ethyl acetate solvent was 0.38% and by ethanol solvent was 0.08%. Antimicrobial activity of Sonnerati caseolaris fruits ethyl acetate extract obtained significant was from P<0.05 of Escherechia.coli and Candida albicans but not significant of Staphylococcus aureus. The Sonneratia caseolaris extracted by ethanol 70% solvents was highly promising among Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans with level of significance was from P <0.05. The study suggests Sonneratia caseolaris fruits as a potential source of bioactive compounds with stable antioxidative and antimicrobial properties and can be used as natural antimicrobial/antioxidative agents in clinical, pharmaceutical and food processing industries.
The Properties of Geopolymer-Cuo Nanoparticles as a Functional Composite
Authors: Qadry Annisa Nur , Kharisma Noor Afifah , Subaer Subaer
Published: August 2019

CuO nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) have been attracted much attention recently as a functional material. This study was conducted to investigate the properties of geopolymer-CuO-NPs as a functional composite. Geopolymer paste was produced through the alkali-activation method of metakaolin. CuO-NPs was synthesized from precipitation of CuSO4 in NaOH solution. The composites were developed by mixing geopolymer with CuO-NPs varying the concentration of CuO-NPs relative to metakaolin. The structure of the raw materials, as well as the resulting composites, was examined by using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of the composites were measured by using compressive and flexural measurements. The measurements results showed that geopolymer CuO-NPs composites offer a wide range of potential structural applications.
The Relation between Density and Flexural Strength of Geopolymer Based Ceramic with Addition of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) for Lightweight Ceramics
Authors: Ahmad Romisuhani , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa , Hussin Kamaruddin , Sandu Andrei Victor , Binhussain Mohammed
Published: August 2019

Geopolymer are being considered for a variety of application including formation of ceramics. The addition of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene as binder in geopolymer based ceramic is purposely to enhance the strength and toughness of the ceramic materials. This paper aims to study the relation of density and flexural strength of geopolymer based ceramic with addition of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene as binder. Geopolymer were synthesized by fixing the NaOH molarity, Na2SiO3/NaOH and solid to liquid ratio at 12 M, 0.24 and 1.0 respectively. Geopolymer in a powder form with addition of various content of UHMWPE (2 wt.%, 4 wt.%, 6 wt.%, 8 wt.% ) were pressed into pellets followed by sintering at 1200 °C. The highest flexural strength of geopolymer based ceramics was achieved at sintering temperature of 1200 °C which is 92.1 MPa with a lowest density of 1.88 g/cm3.
Analysis of Magnetic Mineral Types of Iron Sand at Sampulungan Beach, Takalar Regency Based on Magnetic Susceptibility Values
Authors: Vistarani Arini Tiwow , Muhammad Arsyad , Sulistiawaty Sulistiawaty , Rampe Meytij Jeanne , Winda Indira B. Tiro
Published: August 2019

Analysis on magnetic minerals of iron sand in Sampulungan Beach, Takalar Regency based on magnetic susceptibility value has been conducted. Iron sand was taken on 30 points and extracted using a rod magnet, then measured magnetic susceptibility using Bartington susceptibility meter MS2 with the MS2B sensor. Furthermore, types of magnetic minerals were analyzed based on the value of magnetic susceptibility. The results showed that the percentage of magnetic mineral was higher along the trajectory near residential areas. Magnetic susceptibility values ranged from 33932.62 x 10-8 m3/kg to 71829.96 x 10-8 m3/kg. Based on the value of magnetic susceptibility, the dominant type of magnetic mineral in Sampulungan Beach is magnetite (Fe3O4) of 76 wt.%. The high magnetite potential in Sampulungan Beach can be further processed to be used in the metal industry.
Antioxidant Activity Test Ethanol Extract of Lontar Fruits (Borassus flabellifer L.) and Ginger Bud (Etlingera elatior (Jack.) R.M. Sm) Using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Method
Authors: Muflihunna A. , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Pratama Mamat , Mu'nisa Andi , Astuti Astuti , Adri Tenri Ayu
Published: August 2019

This study aims to examine the activity of the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of lontar fruit peel (Borassus flabellifer l.) and ginger bud (Etlingera elatior (Jack.) R.M. SM) by using the ferric reducing antioxidant power method. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using 70% ethanol. The extracts were analyzed quantitatively with the addition of FRAP reagents measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer analyzed at a wavelength of 752.29 nm in the ginger bud fruit peel and 727.05 nm for palm fruit skin using a quartetine as a comparison. Based on data analysis, the average value of the three antioxidant activity of the replication was 2.482 mg QE / g Extract on the skin of ginger bud fruit and 99.846 mgQE / g extract for lontar fruit skin. The conclusion shows that both the ginger bud fruit skin and lontar fruit skin have antioxidant activity.
Usnic Acid Derivate from Usnea sp. and Bioactivity against Arthemia salina Leach
Authors: Maryono Maryono , Muharram Muharram , Suryani A. Irma , Dini Iwan
Published: August 2019

Usnic acid is chemical compound commonly found in lichen. These derivatives compounds both from the synthesis and from the isolation of various lichens have been studied as antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antiviral, and anticancer. Usnat acid derivative with not hydroxyl group on carbon C-3 was isolated from lichen usnea sp. taken from the Sinjaiselatan described in this paper. Its bioactivity against Arthemia Salina Leach. LC50 value of 19.49 μg/mL.
Effect of Boiled Water Parasite Kapok (Dendrophthoe pentandra) Leaves on Total Cholesterol Levels and Histopathology of Hepar of Hypercholesterolemic Mice
Authors: Mu'nisa Andi , Hala Yusminah , Taiyeb A. Mushawwir , Sari Dwi Kesuma
Published: August 2019

This study aims to determine effect of boiled water parasite kapok (Dendrophthoe pentandra) leaves on the total cholesterol level and histopathology of hepar of hypercholesterolemic mice (mus musculus). This study used 20 ICR male mice divided into 4 treatment groups namely normal mice group, hypercholesterolemic mice group, mice group with boiled water kapok parasite at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW, and 800 mg/kg BW, respectivelly. The animal group was given boiled water kapok parasite after standard feeding and cholesterol feed for 2 weeks. The parameters observed in this study were total cholesterol levels, the amount of fat granules in the liver tissue of mice which were observed in the form of liver-preserved preparations made by paraffin method. The results showed that the administration of parasitic kapok (Dendrophthoe pentandra) at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW and 800 mg/kg BW had an effect on decreasing the total cholesterol level of mice and the histopathology of hepar of showed improvement after the therapy.
Novel DNA Barcode Sequence Discovery from Transcriptome of Acheta domesticus: A Partial Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Gupta Yash Munnalal , Buddhachat Kittisak , Peyachoknagul Surin , Homchan Somjit
Published: August 2019

The potential of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes are well-known for species identification and to establish a phylogenetic relationship. The De-novo transcriptome assembly of Acheta domesticus commonly known as house cricket, is provides important segments of DNA fragments from mitochondrial DNA due to higher abundance of its mRNA. When the reference sequence with gene annotation is absent for assembling and aligning desire gene sequences, like in the present case, the most similar sequence is obtained from online insect mitochondrial genome database to find mitochondrial DNA conserved domains of interested gene from high throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. The RNA-seq data of Acheta domesticus transcriptome is used to retrieve single nucleotide fragment out of 50,046 assembled contigs to discover three important genes from mtDNA of the house cricket. Present study provides effective workflow to identify genes like cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COX2), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2), cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX1) from mtDNA in large sequence archive of RNA-seq data. These three novel barcode sequences will be useful for genetic identification and evolution investigation of Acheta domesticus. The partial mtDNA sequence with these genes will be important for mitochondrial genome construction.
Collection of Mitochondrial tRNA Sequences and Anticodon Identification for Acheta domesticus
Authors: Gupta Yash Munnalal , Buddhachat Kittisak , Peyachoknagul Surin , Homchan Somjit
Published: August 2019

The mitochondria are organelles found within eukaryotic cell, possess own small circular DNA (mtDNA) apart from the most of DNA found in cell nucleus. The transcription and translation of mtDNA requires tRNA that often encoded by mtDNA itself. The mtDNA evolves faster than genomic DNA primary due to mitochondrial dysfunction and pathogenesis. The genes of mitochondria tRNA (mt tRNA) are prone to mutate that links to mitochondrial activity and protein synthesis machinery. It is important to understand the codon use by mt tRNA for Acheta domesticus to understand evolutionary relationship within closely related species and mitochondrial protein synthesis machinery. The present study uses the High throughput RNA sequencing data to identify mt tRNA genes using to examine the codon use for mitochondrial protein synthesis process. The conservative property of tRNA secondary structure assisted identified and confirmed anchored tRNA sequences with respective amino acid anticodon according to genetic code for tRNA in mtDNA. This study provides mt tRNA sequences to understand evolution of mitochondrial tRNA of Acheta domesticus with other related species to establish phylogeny. Moreover, mt tRNAs are the exons that provides partial sequences for mitochondria DNA. The novel approach for tRNA identification will guide other studies for PCR free in silico analysis.
Philogenic Relationship of Wild Pigs and Local Pig from North Sulawesi Based on the Growth Hormone Gene (GH Gene)
Authors: Revolson Alexius Mege , Mokosuli Yermia Semuel , Debby Jacqueline Jochebed Rayer , Hetie Adil Ellen , Rompas Christny , Manampiring Nony , Montolalu Merry
Published: August 2019

Growth hormone regulates reproduction and growth in mammals. A study was conducted to obtain the characteristics of the GH gene, in local pigs in North Sulawesi. Pig samples were obtained from traditional farmers, from four districts in North Sulawesi. DNA extraction and purification, using pig pituitary tissue. Amplification of GH gene, performed by PCR method. Visualization of CO1 gene amplikon, performed by electrophoresis technique. Sequencing, conducted through the First BASE Singapore sequencing service. The results show that there is a variation of local pigs CO1 gene in North Sulawesi. Variations are also found in the amino acid sequence encoded by the GH gene. Knowledge of the characteristics of local pig gh gene, the basics of selection of local pigs superior to North Sulawesi. Key words : growth hormone gen, local pigs, Sulawesi Utara Abstrak Gen growth hormone meregulasi reproduksi dan pertumbuhan pada mamalia. Telah dilaksanakan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik gen GH pada babi lokal di Sulawesi Utara. Sampel babi diperoleh dari peternak tradisonal dari empat kabupaten di Sulawesi Utara. Ekstraksi dan purifikasi DNA menggunakan jaringan hipofisis babi. Amplifikasi gen GH menggunakan metode PCR. Visualisasi amplikon gen CO1 dilakukan dengan teknik elektroforesis. Sekuensing dilakukan melalui jasa layanan sekuensing First BASE Singapura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi gen CO1 babi lokal di Sulawesi Utara. Variasi juga ditemukan pada urutan asam amino yang dikode oleh gen GH. Diketahuinya karakteristik gen GH babi lokal, menjadi dasar seleksi babi lokal unggul Sulawesi Utara.
Detection of Reinforced Concrete Thermal Damage by Nonlinear Ultrasonic Spectroscopy
Authors: Matysík Michal , Plšková Iveta , Chobola Zdeněk
Published: August 2019

Nonlinear Ultrasonic Spectroscopy (NUS) methods investigates nonlinear phenomena that occur when the sound or ultrasound waves pass through the material. This paper focuses on the use of these methods for nondestructive testing of reinforced concrete damaged by high temperature. For this research, reinforced concrete beams with one steel rod were made and the NUS measuring equipment was assembled. An appropriate nonlinear parameter was selected to assess the damage. The nonlinear behavior of thermally damaged reinforced concrete was manifested by the deformation of ultrasound waves passing through the measured samples, resulting in nonlinear effects in the frequency spectra of the recorded signal.
Sulphur Dioxide Emissions during the Firing of Ceramic Bodies Based on Class C Fly Ash
Authors: Sokolař Radomír , Nguyen Martin
Published: August 2019

Fluid fuel combustion technology in coal-fired power plants is very popular in the Czech Republic, resulting in a relatively high production of a specific by-product - fluidized fly ash (class C according to ASTM definition), which differs from the classical high-temperature fly ash in mineralogical composition with a high sulphur content of anhydrite CaSO4. Fluidized ash is not yet used in the production of fired building materials, where it could be used as a source of calcium oxide (for example, the production of porous ceramic tiles). However, high volume of sulphur dioxide emissions during the re-firing of fluidized fly ash in ceramic raw materials mixtures has been solved. The aim of the paper is definition of temperature ranges of anhydrite decomposition (formation of SO2 emission) from pure class C (fluidized) fly ashes from different sources (power plants) depending on granulometry of fly ash especially.
Influence of Fly Ash Addition in the Raw Mixture on Synthesis and Properties of Forsterite
Authors: Nguyen Martin , Sokolař Radomír
Published: August 2019

The aim of this article is to characterize the synthesis and properties of forsterite ceramics in dependence on different amount of fly ash in the raw material mixture. Forsterite ceramics is not currently produced in the Czech Republic. Forsterite is used in industry for its high refractoriness and for its coefficient of linear thermal expansion which is close to metals. The primary objective is to synthesize forsterite via solid state reaction using different amounts of fly ash in the raw material mixture. Fly ash is a secondary energy product from coal combustion in power plants. Therefore, it is inexpensive, and its recycling is important for the environment and sustainable development. Slovakia offers the import of talc, magnesite and its products. The article assessed the influence of different amounts of fly ash in the raw material mixture on the synthesis and properties of forsterite in terms of mineralogy, physico-mechanical properties of fired body and refractoriness.
Preparation and Verification of Properties of Alkali-Activated Composite
Authors: Boháčová Jana , Janalík Lukáš
Published: August 2019

The paper deals to create alkali activated composite based on the recipe of high-strength concrete. The paper includes the review of conditions for high-strength concrete proposing and preparation. Principles of design of high performance concrete based on Portland cement as a binder were described. The experiment was focused on the strength investigation of composites with different ratios of cement to slag, and also the effect of used activator on strength parameters was investigated.
The Influence of Cooling Process on the Formation of Dicalcium Silicate
Authors: Ravaszová Simona , Dvořák Karel
Published: August 2019

Of the existing modifications of dicalcium silicate (C2S), the β-C2S modification is the most important, because it is a regular constituent of Portland cement. β-C2S is a metastable modification at all temperatures, yet it can be stabilised at ambient temperature by doping with different foreign ions into its crystalline lattice. If β-C2S is produced in non-doped form, it is usually contaminated with variable amounts of γ-C2S. This article deals with the preparation of β-C2S without incorporating of different ions. The main aim of this article is to obtain β-C2S in the purest form with the lowest amount of γ-C2S. Stabilization of individual belite polymorphs affects many factors. For this article, one factor-cooling mode was chosen to stabilize β-C2S.
Impact of the Grinding Process on the Granulometric Properties of Dicalcium Silicate
Authors: Ravaszová Simona , Dvořák Karel , Gazdič Dominik
Published: August 2019

This article deals with the preparation and laboratory milling of β-dicalcium silicate. Dicalcium silicate is the second most important calcium silicate of Portland clinker. β-C2S is usually dominated in industrially produced clinker. Pure β-C2S can be prepared in several ways. Traditional way is the solid phase synthesis of raw material mixture. The paper deals with the preparation of β-dicalcium silicate, which is based on the modified Wesselsky-Jensen method and with the influence of length and the technology of the milling process in 3 types of laboratory mills on the particle size, distribution and agglomeration of the synthetically prepared β-dicalcium silicate.
Use of Lava Sand as an Alternative to Standard Quartz Aggregate in Lime Mortars
Authors: Vyšvařil Martin , Bayer Patrik , Rovnaníková Pavla
Published: August 2019

In this study, the utilization of lava sand as an aggregate in lime mortars, cement-lime mortars and natural hydraulic lime mortars has been investigated. The aim of this study is to compare some physico-mechanical and microstructural properties of lava sand mortars with reference mortars with pure quartz sand. Compressive and flexural strengths were tested at mortar age of 28, 56 and 90 days. The results revealed improved flexural strengths of mortars with lava sand despite the fact that the mortars showed higher open porosity and water absorption than those with quartz aggregate. This fact predetermines the use of lava sand in non-hydrophobic remedial mortars with a high ability to salt accumulation from masonry. The applied lava sand is convenient to lime-based mortars as an aggregate, especially in regions where the lava resources are abundant.