bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
I'dâd al-Mawâd al-Ta'lîmiyyah li Mahârati al-Kalâm Fî Dhoui al-Madkhal al-Wadzhîfî Fî Maskan al-Khairiyyah Sukorejo Situbondo
Authors: Fu’adah Shofwatul
Published: August 2021

Learning materials are very important in learning Arabic. But in reality, there are many learning processes that do not use even do not have the right textbooks or teaching materials, like the researcher found in Al-Khoiriyah Ma’hadul Qur’an dormitory Sukorejo Situbondo. This was impacting on their lack of speaking skills, while they have to communicate in Arabic and English everyday as bilingual dormitory. Therefore, they need specific learning textbooks so that teaching and learning activities can be directed correctly, especially the textbooks that can support learning maharah kalam, so they can improve their speaking skills. This study aims to preparation textbooks of maharah kalam using functional approach because students need materials that related with their daily activities and functional verbal expressions. The method of this research was research and development (R&D)"which was proposed by Borg and Gall. The design of the product trial went through the expert validation, content and instructional design expert. The results of this textbook trial showed that this textbook was effective to meet the students need to increase speaking skills which using pre-test and post-test exercise, with pre-test result from 58,6 then increase in post test to be 85 and also the result of the teachers and students questionnaire is very good and effective to use after using this product. Therefore the teaching materials useful for their Arabic daily communication
Communication entanglements in small propaganda texts: The case of the children’s letter to Płomyk
Authors: Borkowski Igor
Published: August 2021

The wide-ranging systemic activities of political propaganda can also be observed and studied in the context of individual products, almost on a microscale. This paper makes an attempt at such an analysis, whose subject is a handwritten letter from the mid-1960s school chronicle, written by primary school students and addressed to the editorial office of the youth magazine Płomyk. In the content of the message, apart from regular communication behaviors, we find references to the context of reality, life and the experiences gained in the immediate circle of the local community. The epistolary narrative, when confronted with facts, leaves no doubt that the letter, while being a tool for didactics of forms and genres of expression, and at the same time an educational tool, also becomes a space in which a consistent utterance with manipulative features is formed. Looking at a single manifestation of a propaganda utterance enables us to ask questions about the level of trust in the text, the assimilation of the style of expression, and the internalization of the rituals of propaganda statements.
Microexpressions give rise to aggression: A case study with the Extended Ecology Hypothesis application
Authors: Steciąg Magdalena
Published: August 2021

The occasional article deals with a topic that Professor Irena Kamińska-Szmaj has explored in recent decades of Her scientific activity. It is an attempt to investigate the process of creating political invective in response to microexpressions, i.e. momentary movements of the facial muscles expressing emotions, in relation to Greta Thunberg — a teenage icon of the ecological movement. It contains both an analysis of microexpression based on 20 photos from public activist speeches and how they spread in social media with the hashtag #gretinism, which can be considered a manifestation of the connection between the communication crisis and the ecological one.
Feminatywum, feminatyw, nazwa żeńska, żeńska końcówka — problemy terminologiczne
Authors: Krysiak Patrycja , Małocha-Krupa Agnieszka
Published: August 2021

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie różnych zakresów funkcjonowania i odmiennych sposobów rozumienia terminów najczęściej pojawiających się w polskim piśmiennictwie w odniesieniu do rzeczowników rodzaju żeńskiego nazywających kobiety. Swoisty chaos terminologiczny rodzi się z jednej strony z różnych, częstokroć niezgodnych definicji nazw żeńskich/feminatywów przytaczanych przez badaczy i badaczki języka, z drugiej zaś — z obecności również w kręgach nieakademickich kontrowersji i sporów wokół zagadnienia językowej niewidzialności kobiet, które owocują pojawianiem się w komunikacji publicznej potocznych użyć czy wręcz wariantów naukowych terminów. Autorki przybliżają wypracowany we wrocławskim ośrodku badawczym sposób rozumienia terminu nazwy żeńskie i charakteryzują go na tle innych koncepcji; przedstawiają przy tym założenia terminologiczne leżące u podstaw Słownika nazw żeńskich polszczyzny (2015). W artykule omówiono także kwestię ewolucji użyć terminu naukowego feminatywum i jego przenikanie do polszczyzny ogólnej, jak również pojawiające się w obiegu potocznym innowacje nazewnicze (żeńska końcówka).
The uniformised communication: On the basis of a specific educational path
Authors: Wojtak Maria
Published: August 2021

The article presents an analysis of an educational path as a genre in the form of a collection with its flexible rules. It refers to sets of utterances published on boards or posters placed on areas of natural interest and presenting its values. Continuing her earlier studies, the author enriches the communicative perspective of the analyses. She aims at showing the eclectic nature of communication programmed in the analysed educational path.The communication plane is created by a mosaic of discourses with the educational one as the lead, yet updated in the absorptive manner (thus, among others, there is a specification the uniformised communication in the title of the article). In this case the genre filter acts peculiarly, since the realisation of generic rules on the structural level is accompanied by a deepening simultaneity of the sender’s roles with a parallel masking of this process. An official acts in the legislator’s uniform and an educator (teacher) receives a communication costume of a scientist. The world is presented from the professional (scientific) point of view and the utterances take a stereotyped form (the other indicator of uniformisation).The analysed educational path has a low cognitive value both due to the scope and the manner of the knowledge transfer. The entirety — discussed as macrocommunication accomplishing the generic rules in the form of a collection — is unsuccessful in terms of communication. One cannot expect that it will fulfill the function harmonising with the communicational intention of the sender.
Communication and communicology in the didactic message
Authors: Grzelak Eliza
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of multiyear studies on modern social relations. Author states that underuse of the results provided by previous communicology studies is a partial reason why communication skills of the Poles are so low. As a remedy the author postulates to modernize the core curriculum and implement both theoretical and practical teaching of communication in schools. This proposition is based on the author’s diagnosis and goals. Taking into account that communicology is a multidisciplinary field of study, the author emphasizes the importance of presenting the issues from various perspectives, depending on the school subject. The author states that it is the most effective way of neutralizing social aggression.
Positive psychology and its role in foreign language learning studies
Authors: Michońska-Stadnik Anna
Published: August 2021

Positive psychology is a new subfield in general psychology which developed under the influence of humanistic approach at the end of the 20th century. Its subject-matter concerns human well-being, its sources and sustainable growth. This type of psychology distinguishes six positive human features: knowledge and wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance and transcendence. In foreign language learning in formal classroom conditions, which is different from learning other school subjects because it requires skill attainment, positive psychology, and its research methods could propose tools to more efficiently investigate determinants of differential success in the process of language acquisition.
Issues around Racibórz
Authors: Miodek Jan
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to linguistic reflections related to the local names Racibórz and Miedonia, which administratively belongs to it. The etymology of the first form and the pronunciation of the second one are recalled. The second part of the article is a linguistic and stylistic analysis of the play Pierońsko komedyja by Łukasz J. Porwoł, written in the Racibórz area dialect.
Expressions of intercultural awareness present in essays and oral statements of Ukrainian and Belorussian students
Authors: Pasieka Małgorzata
Published: August 2021

The paper describes the level of intercultural awareness present in the written works and oral statements of Belarusian and Ukrainian students taking part in a Polish language course. The students’ task was to compare various phenomena in the other participants’ native culture and the Polish culture. Although the students were generally aware of cultural differences, they did not try to reflect on these issues more deeply.
The (informed) patient’s consent: How to actually increase health literacy in the Polish healthcare
Authors: Moroń Ewelina
Published: August 2021

The paper contains basic information on health literacy — the process of gaining information and improving one’s knowledge about health, avoiding health-risk behaviors and being able to identify and realize social and environmental factors related to healthcare (WHO 1986). The text comprises two parts: the first describes the need to develop health literacy and lists the basic tools which can be used for this purpose. The second one includes a proposal for a plain-language tooth extraction consent.
Medical issues in the writings of old Polish religious polemists
Authors: Kamieniecki Jan
Published: August 2021

Discussions and polemics between representatives of different religious orientations are not a new phenomenon. Even in antiquity there was already a struggle between Christian theologians and representatives of newly emerging heresies. In Poland religious polemics were a common phenomenon in the 16th and 17th centuries. They were attended by both Catholic theologians and representatives of various Protestant communities, as well as antitrinitarians called the Polish Brethren. Very important theological issues were discussed, but in addition to the substantive arguments, there were also mentions relating to history, politics, and even medicine. In this article I present how references to various branches of medicine were used in theological texts, and show how the terms relating to various dis-eases and their symptoms could be used to construct an image of a religious opponent.
A few remarks about dictionaries of foreign words (as a side note to considerations about the status of Russianisms in the contemporary Polish language)
Authors: Sarnowski Michał
Published: August 2021

The article attempts to compare two treatments of Russianisms in nowadays Polish practical lexicography. Many words in this group are registered in Polish dictionaries of foreign words, while at the same time being recorded in defining dictionaries. Therefore it raises a question about the linguistic status of some components of that lexicological category. Discrepancies in dictionary qualifications of Russianisms were used by the author to draw a few critical remarks about practices when forming word lists in dictionaries of foreign words.
Dictionaries of Polish language for the youngest children as an example of adapting lexicographic description and editorial model to a young user
Authors: Hojka Bożena
Published: August 2021

The article discusses six dictionaries of the Polish language for preschool and early school-aged children published in Poland over the period of 1981–2015. The aim of the analysis was to indicate how the resources were adapted to the needs and competencies of a child user. It takes into account the scope and presentation of information about lexemes, paratexts and metatexts included in the dictionaries, as well as the editorial model and typographic solutions.
Diachronic differences and cultural universals as an elements of discussing movies: Selected reviews in pragmalinguistic perspective
Authors: Filip Grażyna
Published: August 2021

The material basis of the text is Zygmunt Kałużyński’s reviews anthology called Royal Cannon. His 50 Favourite Movies, which consists texts that were published by the critic in Polityka weekly, from 1957, when it was established, until 2001. Reviews were therefore created throughout 44 years, full of changes in culture, worldwide and domestic cinematography, and film genology. Because of the political and social reality of those days, Polish premieres of western film productions were often significantly belated in comparison to Western Europe countries.The direct matter of interest are lexical determinants of two antonymous semantic categories. These are: 1. Diachronic differences in the scope of the same culture group or between different groups motivated by chronology.2. Cultural–social universals.In case of both distinguished groups, the movie critic may play an important role as an intermediary role in the movies’ reception.
Tadeusz Staich and Podhale regionalism
Authors: Kolbuszewski Jacek
Published: August 2021

Tadeusz Staich (1919–1987) was a Tatra guide, author of sightseeing essays and a poet, author of poems about the Tatra Mountains. During the war he took part in secret teaching and in the resistance movement. In 1956, together with Hanna Pieńkowska, he published a monumental book Drogami skalnej ziemi (Rock Roads). It was a monograph of Podhale’s sightseeing, documenting the state of his spiritual and material culture around 1955. His last work — published posthumously — was a monograph of the historic church in Dębno. The main character is a folk sculptor Józef Janos.
Paternoster, or Invective by paradigm
Authors: Choroszy Jan A.
Published: August 2021

The poem Apostrofa (na czas stanu wojennego) by Father Kazimierz Wójtowicz was published in the collection of poems Odpisy Nadziei in Vienna in 1982. The artist is a Catholic monk (a Resurrectionist) and a poet with considerable achievements, acknowledged in the so-called priestly poetry (Krzysztof Dybciak, Bożena Chrząstowska), but going beyond the features of its style through the connection with linguistic poetry and the New Wave poetics. The author of the article attempts to recognize the phenomenon of the text, which belongs to the realm of martial law literature and in which the poet expresses a politically and morally motivated reprimand addressed to General Jaruzelski through the pattern of Pater noster — the most important Christian prayer. The foundations of the strategy implemented in Apostrofa are: the shift of meanings (“Our Stepfather” as an invective), the reference to the language of values, the use of several rhetorical figures (including figures of thought and aversio), as well as the reference to the Lord’s Prayer in the form of reactivating a separate literary genre (pacierz — Lord’s prayer) in its serious and exhorting variant (paternoster — ‘scolding’ prayer). With such an approach, the text of Our Father cannot be perceived as the subject of occasional intertextual stylization (parody, travesty or burlesque), the matrix of a pamphlet or a pasquil, but rather as the root paradigm (“the cultural model of behavior”; Victor Turner’s concept) defining a universal ethical horizon for Wójtowicz’s poem.
Literature — history — education: Encounters with the past in contemporary Polish narratives for children and young adults
Authors: Michułka Dorota
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the ‘relationships’ that exist between literature, history and education in contemporary Polish narratives for children and young people. The historical literary works for young readers discussed in the text are strongly rooted in the concept of culture remembrance — they represent a variety of genres, a kind of modernist genre syncretism and hybrid forms, as well as a diverse type of narration. Walter Scott’s traditional historical novel model is mixed with narration maintained in the poetics of a story of a reflective character with a clearly exposed issue of the concept of time and setting (chronotope), and didactic short stories with elements of “dialogues with a thesis”. It is also worth noting that literary examples of playing with conventions using fantasy motifs. As has been shown, contemporary Polish literature on historical topics intended for children and young people as an element of historical education may constitute a specific cultural and social form of memory about people and events of the past years.
Breslau. Nazwa miasta jako dziedzictwo kulturowe — zarys problematyki w perspektywie analizy dyskursu historycznego
Authors: Biskupska Kamila
Published: August 2021

W artykule śledzę taktyki przywoływania (i unikania) wcześniejszych nazw współczesnego Wrocławia jako elementu tworzenia jego dziedzictwa kulturowego. Na przykładzie opracowań historycznych i  wykorzystując metodę analizy dyskursu, pokazuję mechanizmy kreowania różnie akcentowanych przeszłości miasta. Opierając się na użyciu nazwy historycznej (na przykład Breslau) czy konsekwentnie tylko współczesnej (Wrocław), wskazuję, że za strategią wyboru nazwy stoją odmienne, ideologicznie uwarunkowane, narracje. Jedni badacze, używając wcześniejszych, historycznych nazw miasta, tworzą obraz ciągle zmieniającego się europejskiego ośrodka miejskiego, natomiast drudzy, posługując się wyłącznie współczesną nazwą, konstruują obraz miasta jako kontynuatora wielowiekowej miejskiej tradycji, z dominacją polskiej perspektywy narracji historycznej.
From mathematical linguistics to philology: Some remembered impressions
Authors: Heck Dorota
Published: August 2021

The author recalls her youth in Wroclaw where Jerzy Woronczak — a  philologist and one of the pioneers in applying mathematical linguistics to literary analysis — worked. Woronczak was a true master for his students in the nineteen-seventies and eighties. It is interesting to trace the paradoxical journey from traditional Polish philology to mathematical linguistics, semiotics and structuralism fifty years ago, and from them to the new philology as a phenomenon of digital humanities.
The cult of Adam Mickiewicz in “Soviet paradise” (Lviv 1939–1941)
Authors: Sojka-Masztalerz Helena
Published: August 2021

An ideologization of Mickiewicz began with the arrival of “Soviet paradise” and it was intensified with the Soviet presence in the former Kresy region. Mickiewicz’s politicization primarily served to encourage mass actions: rallies, academies, commemorative exhibitions, and jubilee celebrations. They put effort into placing Mickiewicz in the pantheon of internationalist artists, revolutionaries-democrats, heroes who fight for the freedom of the people, eulogists of Polish-Russian rapprochement. His carefully selected works were used as a propaganda discourse about the “one correct” vision of literature which confirms the strength and timelessness of socialist literature. The most popular linguistic strategy used in the official press (Czerwony Sztandar) was the strategy of apparent praise.
Ulotki propagandowe z okresu II wojny światowej jako specyficzna forma komunikacji politycznej i łączności władz z obywatelami. Analiza wybranych zjawisk tekstowych, pragmatycznych i stylistycznych
Authors: Poprawa Marcin
Published: August 2021

Przedmiotem rozważań i analiz są ulotki propagandowe i wzorce im pokrewne — jako specyficzna forma komunikacji rządzących z rządzonymi i aktywności politycznej, społecznej, obywatelskiej w podziemnym dyskursie politycznym lat 1939–1945. W artykule opisano okupacyjne druki ulotne jako przekazy, które prymarnie służyły propagandzie politycznej i wojennej, a wtórnie — wypełniały w warunkach totalitarnego porządku okupacyjnego sferę dawnego, przedwojennego dyskursu publicznego, medialnego, politycznego. W analizie zrezygnowano z rekonstrukcji zaplecza ideowego, aksjologicznego i relacji między ugrupowaniami podziemnej sceny politycznej. Przedstawiono druki ulotne w perspektywie zawartych w nich środków perswazji językowej, charakterystycznych dla konspiracyjnej kultury politycznej czasu wojny i okupacji, jak również odtworzono wpisane w przestrzeń tekstową i aranżację graficzną pism ulotnych strategie oddziaływania na odbiorcę. Są nimi: wizualizacja i grafizacja tekstu, ułatwiająca szybką lekturę i zapamiętanie treści (ważny składnik aktywności czytelniczej i propagandy szeptanej w warunkach strachu i represji), a także kondensacja treści na poziomie graficznie wyróżnionych haseł i sloganów propagandowych.
The need of research on the language of protest in Poland during the period of communism — government-independent press in Cracow
Authors: Batko-Tokarz Barbara
Published: August 2021

In the 1980s illegal press played a very important role in the fight for political changes in Poland and was also one of the most important tools against official government language. This press was a part of a bigger picture of the language self-defence in totalitarian political system. Professor I. Kamińska-Szmaj from University in Wroclaw characterised this phenomenon very adequately in her books. Cracow — according to the newest historical research — was the second largest independent press movement center in Poland. In Cracow between 1976–1990 there were a few hundred different kinds of independent press circulations, therefore it is a priceless source for language and press research. This article is describing a variety of possibilities and perspectives in this very interesting linguistic research field, which is still very little known and rarely described.a
Freedom on the post-totalitarian horizon
Authors: Matusiak Agnieszka , Polak Andrzej , Wolting Monika
Published: August 2021

The authors of this sketch are drawing a panorama of the potential interpretational aspects of understanding the category of freedom in the societies of the post-communist part of Europe. At the same time, they attempt to define the horizon for finding the answer to the identity-forming question that is key for this georegion, i.e. about the essence and the specificity of processes, phenomena and mechanisms of emancipation of culture and societies of post-totalitarian European countries from the legacy of World War II, and particularly its post-Yalta consequences which embedded the countries and nations of Central, East and South-East Europe in the sphere of imperial subordination of Soviet dominance for nearly another half a century.
Wobec kapitalistycznej (pseudo)wolności. Teatralne manifesty na postjugosłowiańskich scenach
Authors: Abrasowicz Gabriela
Published: August 2021

The turn of the millennia was full of events fundamental to negotiating and reinterpreting freedom. The citizens of the collapsing federal Yugoslavia, and then the seven new states that were forming, experienced this in a special way. Post-Yugoslav authors of theatrical manifestos, such as Maja Pelević and Olga Dimitrijević from Serbia, Borut Šeparović from Croatia, András Urbán and Zlatko Paković active in the supralocal area, show a special flair for unmasking. They warn that modern ways of exercising freedom leave much to be desired, since they are limited to the consumption of goods and, consequently, to escaping responsibility. In their performances, they are critical of capitalism in its dehumanising, alienating form, which is only an illusion of freedom. These artists, however, do not offer ready-made solutions — their projects are a starting point for further debate on devising the future of the country and region, on attitudes and relationships (including interpersonal), on (re)constructing identity and on the continuous creation of new ranges of possibilities and effects. They use artistic freedom to speak openly about the boundaries of freedom.
Imperializm, kolonializm, globalizm: stare idee, nowe wyzwania
Authors: Kieniewicz Jan
Published: August 2021

The article arises from observations on the terminological inadequacy pertaining to today’s reality, and from the analysis of the consequences of using prefixes “neo-” and “post-”. It thereby indicates the need to focus on the question of extending life and on the ideational influence of progressive doctrines as causes of the poverty of reflection on new terminology appropriate to contemporary challenges. In the face of the ever-evolving world, that terminology may be sought in a systemic approach.
W poszukiwaniu utraconego imperium. Polska imperialna jako świat i jako wyobrażenie
Authors: Nakoneczny Tomasz
Published: August 2021

The heritage of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth is one of the most problematic residues of the Polish past. After World War II, Poland lost its so-called Eastern Borderlands, which meant a break with a specific state tradition, the most important link of which was the powerful Polish-Lithuanian state in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The potential and significance of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth remains an important topic of Polish identity discourse. One of the issues addressed in that context is the imperial character of that state. The importance of this issue goes beyond the space of historiographic debates. It also concerns the place and role of Poland in the world from both historical and contemporary perspective. A common element of various narratives around the national-state status is myth. Myth is a story told for the needs of a specific social group, but it also refers to some of the supra-class conditions that could be described as the ontology of national being. Thanks to this, it can be treated as one of the tools used to study not only self-perceptions of the community, but also the interactions that occur between these self-images and real determinants of the community’s status. According to the author of the article, postcolonial studies create a possibility of integrated research on Polish imperiality, since they combine a number of different competencies necessary to comprehensively cover this broad topic. The sphere of national mythology is combined from a postcolonial perspective with a vast sphere of social facts and real-life conditions.
Kolonizacja wewnętrzna Rosji w ujęciu Aleksandra Etkinda
Authors: Polak Andrzej
Published: August 2021

The article aims to present the most important theses contained in the book of an outstanding Russian postcolonial researcher Alexander Etkind. At the heart of his deliberations lies the assumption that the Russian empire not only dominated foreign territories, but also native territories located in the central governorates of the state. The process was accompanied by colonization of the local population, above all — peasants. Etkind considers the Russian serfdom law and rural community as typical colonial institutions. His interests remain in some writers’ attempts to explain the phenomenon of internal colonization. A combination of methods used in historical and literary research results in an interesting interpretation of texts written by Daniel Defoe, Leo Tolstoy, Nikolai Gogol, Joseph Conrad, Immanuel Kant and Mikhail Bakhtin, reflecting their authors’ imperial experience. In the article, I focus on the issues included in the introduction and the first two parts of the book.
Rosyjska dyskusja postkolonialna w latach 2000–2018
Authors: Bakuła Bogusław
Published: August 2021

The article deals with two issues: research on the history of Russia in a post-colonial perspective; manifestations of Russian, imperial and colonizing ideology in contemporary essays and literature until 2018. Variants of Russian postcolonial academic thought are considered: M. Berg, A. Etkind, M. Tlostanova and others. The article also presents the literary and journalistic work of E. Limonov, A. Dugin, and A. Prokhanov, who are considered to be representatives of Russian neocolonial nationalism associated with the government policy of V. Putin.
Bronisława Grąbczewskiego postrzeganie Orientu w aspekcie rozważań postkolonialnych
Authors: Popiel-Machnicki Wawrzyniec
Published: August 2021

The relations between Poland and Russia have been significantly affected by national liberation conflicts. After the 1863 January uprising, approximately 40,000 Poles were sent into remote parts of Russia. Bronisław Grąbczewski was a January insurgent’s son for whom history delivered a very different fate. As a young man, he voluntarily joined the tsar’s army, which allowed him to serve far from his motherland. Central Asia was his second home for almost twenty years as he explored it during numerous Russian expeditions, including the two he led himself. Travel diaries are his testimony of these expeditions which show the way he presents the Orient. The analysis of these diaries constitutes excellent material for postcolonial studies.
Rosyjski literaturocentryzm w kontekście postkolonialnym
Authors: Nakoneczny Tomasz
Published: August 2021

The development of postcolonial studies as a research discipline to a large extent depends on their representatives’ ability to overcome their own post-colonial conditions. This particularly applies to researchers representing imperial cultures. Russian post-colonial studies develop their own cognitive categories in relation to the issue of Russian and Soviet imperialism, while avoiding many potential inspirations contained in the book by Ewa Thompson “Imperial Knowledge: Russian Literature and Colonialism”, which became an important reference for postcolonial research in Poland and Ukraine. The author of the article outlines the shaping of Russian literaturocentrism, and then, tries to answer the question of whether and to what extent it can be a useful issue for research on the imperial determinants of Russian culture.
Władza — etyka — egzystencja (uwagi o powieści Piotra Aleszkowskiego Twierdza)
Authors: Fast Piotr
Published: August 2021

Using metaphorical connotations terms functioning within postcolonial theory, the author analyzes mechanisms ruling the world of the novel Fortress (Крепость) by Piotr Aleshkovsky.
Ile to już utopii przeżyliśmy przez 75 lat, a myślenie utopijne wciąż ma się nieźle!
Authors: Sauerland Karol
Published: August 2021

The author tries to figure out how many utopian visions he has witnessed in the last 75 years.
„Chcecie totalnej wolności słowa?” Kultura w Niemczech u progu lat dwudziestych (XXI wieku) wobec radykalizmu, wielokulturowości i konfliktów etnicznych. Próba rozpoznania problemów
Authors: Okoński Krzysztof
Published: August 2021

This article attempts to present selected phenomena of contemporary German culture in the context of political radicalism, multiculturalism and ethnic conflicts. Starting with the criticism of the student protests of 1968 (using the example of the novel Örtlich betäubt by Günter Grass) and discourses on Europe in the early 1990s (Grass, Enzensberger), and ending with debates on freedom of expression, political correctness or “cancel culture” (Wallraff, Pirinçci, Nuhr, Eckhart), this article analyses the consequences of left- and right-wing radicalism, anti-Semitism and Islamism for literature and cabaret in Germany on selected examples.
Totalitaryzm i wolność w świetle paradygmatów kultury. Współczesna Rosja
Authors: Abassy Małgorzata
Published: August 2021

The presented paper is of a theoretical character. It includes a reflection on the mechanisms behind the rebirth of totalitarianism, using contemporary Russia as a case study. The research period taken as exemplification for the theoretical part comprises years 2000–2020 and was chosen for three reasons, mutually interconnected. The first among them is the election of Vladimir Putin, regarded as a strong symbolical representation of centralized state power, as the president of Russian Federation. Secondly, the consolidation of power in the hands of one man who had the tools to control and affect the political system. Thirdly, the modification of the Russian Federation Constitution to favor the durability of Putin’s government. The presented results point to the mechanisms behind the activation of totalitarian tendencies in Russian culture in the light of long-lasting cultural paradigms: collectivism and con-centrism.
Demony przeszłości. Więzy pamięci i tradycje powieści gotyckiej
Authors: Wójcik Paula
Published: August 2021

The ‘uncanny’, according to Freud — the feeling that something familiar turns out as strange and unknown, seems to have become a leading paradigm in the memory discourse in literature. Revenants, among them zombies, golems, dybbuks, ghosts, monsters, and changelings — the whole world of the supernatural and paranormal characters brings to mind what has been forgotten within the collective memory. This paper discusses two recent manifestations of the uncanny: Szczepan Twardoch’s The king of Warsaw (Król) and Jacek Dehnel’s But with our dead ones (Ale z naszymi umarłymi). The main objective is to examine the idea of a shadow-world as a design to analyze the multiple ways in which the past affects our present. From this perspective, the publication’s title — Escape from freedom, can be understood as a poetic strategy to symbolize the determining role of the past as a ‘shadow reign’.
Figuracje kobiecości i strategie wolnościowe. Komparatystyka powieści Bator, Plebanek i Gretkowskiej (w trzech krokach)
Authors: Kopacki Andrzej
Published: August 2021

Manuela Gretkowska, Joanna Bator and Grażyna Plebanek: three female authors, each of them involved in the ‘pro-woman’ discourse. Are the literary testimonies of this discourse and the figurations of femininity in their prose subject to synthesis in terms of the heroines’ freedom aspirations? What is the freedom of women in the light of these texts? The comparative procedure consists of three steps. Firstly, a comparison of the worlds presented in the dimension of the protagonists’ fates and the final storyline solutions. Secondly — of the functionality of the chosen state of aggregation within the plot, i.e. eroticism as a set of specific images (or anti-images) of the protagonists’ experiences. Thirdly — comparing the narrative structures (e.g. the role of metafiction), as well as attempting to determine what the selected modus operandi of each narrative results in.
Literackie obrazy tożsamości w prozie Andrzeja Stasiuka
Authors: Madej Adrian
Published: August 2021

Andrzej Stasiuk, a Polish writer, is among authors who enjoy dealing with the world through the form of a reportage. Central Europe becomes the key point of his books, such as: Kroniki Beskidzkie i Światowe, Dziennik pisany później, Fado, Jadąc do Babadag, Wschód, and Moja Europa (written with Jurij Andruchowycz). In these works, Stasiuk touches upon the issue of the borders of Europe, which he defines as an intellectual space community. The question arises as to what criteria can be used in order to define the concept of Central Europe — to the author, one of the most important ones is the shared experience of the imposed communist system. The regime, which is an integral part of the immaterial culture of vast regions of Europe, has left its mark on the identities of those who lived behind the Iron Curtain until 1989/90. This is expressed and processed in Stasiuk’s literary works.
Where Physics Meets Biology
Authors: Nicodemi Mario
Published: August 2021

The frontier between Life and Physical Sciences currently includes the strategic research field where the wealth of data produced by new quantitative technologies in molecular biology naturally meets the advanced analysis and modelling tools of theoretical physics. For its profound scientific implications and huge potential impacts in biomedicine it is attracting substantial interest. Here I briefly review some of the developments in such a field.
A NEW WAY OF USING THE SPIDER DIAGRAM METHOD IN HEAVY METAL POLLUTION STUDIES FOR NEAR-SURFACE GEOPHYSICS AND THE OTHER EARTH SCIENCES
Authors: ÖZEL Sevda
Published: August 2021

In this study, a new way of using the Spider Diagram (SD) method has been shown in the investigation of the pollution spread and pollutant species caused by heavy metal-containing leachate in soil ground. Thus, it has been shown that this method can be used in conjunction with the results of earth science studies and its contribution to interpretation was emphasized. Because today, heavy metals in leachate water are an important environmental problem. It was determined that SD and geophysical methods could be used together in studies investigating this pollution. The heavy metal-containing leachate may contaminate the agricultural/non-agricultural soils/grounds or underground/surface waters by spreading in the permeable geological unit. This pollution spread and pollutant species can be analyzed by geochemistry (soil samples) studies. In addition, the horizontal-vertical boundaries of this pollution and the direction of pollution can be determined by geophysical methods. The results of soil analysis can also be interpreted using the SD method. However, it has been determined that this method can be used to interpret with geophysical results. This comparison has been found to contribute to the geophysical results in interpretation and it has been observed that it strengthens the geological interpretations. As a result, it is shown that SD method is a method that allows evaluating a large number of data in a short time and it can be used together with earth science methods. If these methods are used together in heavy metal pollution investigations, it has been shown whether the pollution in the soil is caused by the leachate or the bedrock unit, and in addition, whether the underground and surface water resources in the region are under the threat of pollution caused by leachate. It was thought that such a study would also be useful in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies.
SA-EXTENDING MODULES
Authors: TAKIL MUTLU Figen , TAŞTAN Edanur
Published: August 2021

In this note we investigate modules with the Ads and the SIP-extending properties. Besides many results obtained, we show that the class of SA-extending modules is not closed under direct sums. Further we deal with direct summands of an SA-extending module. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a module to be an SA-extending. It has been also shown that the concepts of UC, SA and SA-extending coincide when a module is distributive quasi continuous.
A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN GRANITE CUTTING WITH A MULTI-BLADE BLOCK CUTTER: THE CASE OF AN INDUSTRIAL
Authors: YURDAKUL Murat
Published: August 2021

In recent years, the use of natural stone, especially in the construction sector, has increased as a result of rapid economic development. One of the most important cost parameters in natural stone cutting processes is energy costs. Generally, cut granites with block cutters differ from other rocks in terms of both the cutting machines used and the energy consumed. Increases in energy prices and emission reduction requirements require cutting processes to work most efficiently. This article describes the energy consumption process in a stone processing plant, and makes recommendations to decision-makers for the more efficient use of energy. A total of 456 real cutting tests were conducted at three different cutting depths and at three different feed rates using a multi-blade block cutter with 10 saw blades at a plant with a monthly production capacity of over 4000 square meters. Real time energy consumption values were recorded with the help of a power analyzer installed on the control panel of the block cutter. The obtained data were used to calculate specific cutting energy values, and the energy consumed throughout the entire process was analyzed. The energy consumption values as the saw blade moves back and forth were examined in eight different regions, starting with the first phase in which the saw blade approaches the granite block. From the obtained power consumption values and calculated specific cutting energy values, an approach has been introduced in terms of cutting efficiency to the specific cutting energy values and energy consumption characteristics in rock cutting processes using circular saw blade.
Reconstructive surgery in the complex treatment of breast cancer (10 years of experience)
Authors: Khodyrev S. A. , Samoilenko V. M. , Shabaev R. M.
Published: August 2021

The aim of the study is to improve the quality of life of women with breast cancer (BC) and a high risk of its development by performing one-stage or delayed reconstruction of the lost breast.

The objectives of the study were: to clarify the criteria for selecting patients for prophylactic mastectomy; development of surgical tactics in the treatment of breast cancer and a high risk of its development; assessment of oncological safety of LME; clarification of the methods of reconstruction of the breast; analysis of postoperative complications, including the effect of neoadjuvant PCT during simultaneous breast reconstruction on their frequency, and determination of possible ways to prevent them.

Material and methods. The prospective controlled study included 258 patients who underwent surgical treatment in our department between 2007 and 2016. The criteria for the inclusion of patients in the study were: carrying out radical surgical treatment for breast cancer, both in isolation and in combination with the reconstruction of the lost breast; carriage of germline mutations in the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, the presence of first-degree relatives suffering from breast cancer, previous BRCA-associated breast cancer; the desire of patients with multiple recurrent proliferative benign breast diseases that are not amenable to conservative and surgical treatment to use the surgical method of breast cancer prophylaxis with immediate restoration of the breast.

Results. According to the Beck Depression Questionnaire, 72 % of patients in the first group of patients had a critical and high level of depression, while patients who underwent CME with one-stage reconstruction did not have such levels of depression. At the same time, a relatively favorable psychological state of patients with a low level of depression was observed in 17 of 21 patients in the RME + delayed reconstruction group (which amounted to 81% of the group), in 21 of 22 patients in the RME + simultaneous reconstruction group (95% of the group), and only in 5 of 43 patients in the RME group (12% of the group) (χ2 = 51.6; critical value 9.2 at p ≤ 0.01).

Conclusions. When analyzing the results obtained, we once again became convinced of the oncological safety of LME with a one-stage reconstruction of the breast, subject to certain requirements. In the presence of appropriate conditions, it is possible to preserve the SAC during the LME. Preventive LME with simultaneous breast reconstruction is the method of choice in patients with a high risk of developing breast cancer, subject to the appropriate selection criteria and the patient's desire.
Effects of cover crops and irrigation on ‘Tempranillo’ grapevine and berry physiology: an experiment under the Mediterranean conditions of Southern Portugal
Authors: Tomaz Alexandra , Coleto Martínez José , Arruda Pacheco Carlos
Published: August 2021

In addition to irrigation, other viticultural practices such as soil management can be applied to improve grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) quality responses and attenuate unfavourable environmental conditions. Cover crops in the interrow of irrigated vineyards change the dynamics of water extraction and it is expected that the patterns of vines’ water relations will be modified, also changing their productive responses. This study took place over two seasons in ‘Tempranillo’ grapevines in a vineyard in South Portugal, where a cover crop was sown in the inter-rows of half the study area (SCC) while maintaining resident vegetation in the remaining (RV). Five water regime treatments were applied: full irrigation (200 mm irrigation amount–I200); moderate irrigation (150 mm–I150); deficit irrigation (100 mm–I100); ultra-deficit irrigation (50 mm–I50); rainfed (I0). Measurements of predawn leaf water potential (ΨPD), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic rate (An), and transpiration rate (E) were made during the final stages of the growth cycle. Data of soil water availability, yield and growth variables, and berries and wine composition were also used. Significant interactions between the effect of soil management and water regime were observed on ΨPD. A water competition effect exerted by the cover crop could be responsible for reduced water loss and carbon assimilation, whenever Spring rain is lower and/or the cover crop biomass development is not controlled. Differences in gs and An observed at midday and late measurements reflect the influence of the daily increase of atmospheric water demand. Stomatal closure of grapevines was less affected in plots of higher soil water storage capacity. The correlation between ΨPD and gs was higher in the midday and late measurements, pointing to the regulation of stomatal response in response to water availability and daily environmental conditions. Principal components analysis (PCA) evidenced an influence of water deficit on metabolic responses that benefit fruit and wine quality. The cluster analysis (CA) revealed that no significant cluster of cases was clearly controlled by soil management or water regime in the first season but, in the second, drier season, significant clustering more irrigation- than soil management-controlled showed that a predominant influence of irrigation should be expected for ‘Tempranillo’ grapevines grown under dry Mediterranean conditions.
Application of green marketing mix of beauty products on sales through purchase decisions as intervening variable
Authors:   Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pekalongan, Pekalongan, Indonesia, Satrio Danang , Yunitarini Siti ,   Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pekalongan, Pekalongan, Indonesia, Rizqiani Nila ,   Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pekalongan, Pekalongan, Indonesia
Published: August 2021

Public awareness in Indonesia in responding to global warming has increased significantly. Increased public awareness plays an important role in providing challenges and opportunities for companies that provide goods or services to create products that are in accordance with their wishes. The challenge is to guarantee that the goods or services provided are safe for consumers and friendly and do not damage the environment. The concept of green marketing mix refers to the satisfaction of customer needs, wants, and desires in relation to the maintenance and preservation of the environment. Discussions on environmental issues in developed countries have been initiated and developed since the 1990s. Green marketing is a marketing concept used by companies to achieve the main goal of making a profit. Green marketing in the process is an act of integrating broad activities, which include product modifications, changes to the production process, changes to packaging, to changes to advertising. Based on this phenomenon, this study aims to find out how much influence the application of the green marketing mix has on sales.