bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polar Neptunes Are Stable to Tides
Authors: Louden Emma M. , Millholland Sarah C.
Published: October 2024

There is an intriguing and growing population of Neptune-sized planets with stellar obliquities near ∼90°. One previously proposed formation pathway is a disk-driven resonance, which can take place at the end stages of planet formation in a system containing an inner Neptune, outer cold Jupiter, and protoplanetary disk. This mechanism occurs within the first ∼10 Myr, but most of the polar Neptunes we see today are ∼Gyr old. Up until now, there has not been an extensive analysis of whether the polar orbits are stable over ∼Gyr timescales. Tidal realignment mechanisms are known to operate in other systems, and if they are active here, this would cause theoretical tension with a primordial misalignment story. In this paper, we explore the effects of tidal evolution on the disk-driven resonance theory. We use both N-body and secular simulations to study tidal effects on both the initial resonant encounter and long-term evolution. We find that the polar orbits are remarkably stable on ∼Gyr timescales. Inclination damping does not occur for the polar cases, although we do identify subpolar cases where it is important. We consider two case study polar Neptunes, WASP-107 b and HAT-P-11 b, and study them in the context of this theory, finding consistency with present-day properties if their tidal quality factors are Q ≳ 104 and Q ≳ 105, respectively.
The Influence of the Magnetic Braking Laws on the Evolution of Persistent and Transient Low-mass X-Ray Binaries
Authors: Yang Hao-Ran , Li Xiang-Dong
Published: October 2024

Swift J1858.6−0814 (hereafter J1858) is a transient neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB). There is controversy regarding its donor mass derived from observations and theoretical calculations. In this paper, we adopt seven magnetic braking (MB) prescriptions suggested in the literature and different metallicity Z to simulate the evolution of the LMXB. Our results show that, employing the MB model proposed by A. Reiners & S. Mohanty (“rm12”), the convection- and rotation-boosted (“carb”) model, and the intermediate (“inter”) and convection-boosted (“cboost”) models in K. X. Van et al. can match (part of) the observational parameters of J1858 well. We then apply our method to other observed LMXBs and find that the “rm12” and “inter” MB laws are most promising in explaining transient LMXBs. In comparison, the simulations with the “cboost” and “carb” MB laws are more inclined to reproduce persistent LMXBs and ultracompact X-ray binaries, respectively. Our results, though subject to computational and/or observational bias, show that it is challenging to find a unified MB law that applies to the NS LMXB subpopulations simultaneously, indicating our lack of understanding of the true MB law. In addition, we explore the influence of various MB laws on the magnitude of the bifurcation periods in LMXBs.
Evidence of a Forming Nucleus in the Fourcade–Figueroa Galaxy
Authors: Dottori H. , Díaz R. J.
Published: October 2024

We analyze data from the IRAS, Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, and Planck satellites, revealing an unresolved dust condensation at the center of the Fourcade–Figueroa galaxy (ESO270-G017), which may correspond to a forming nucleus. We model the condensation’s continuum spectrum in the spectral range from 3 to 1300 μm using the DUSTY code. The best-fit model, based on the chi-square test, indicates that the condensation is a shell with an outer temperature of T
out ≈ 12 K and an inner boundary temperature of T
i ≈ 500 K. The shell’s outer radius is r

o
= 86.2 pc, and the inner cavity radius is r

i
= 0.082 pc. The condensation produces an extinction A

V
= 50 mag, and its luminosity is L

c
= 1.08 × 1034 W, which would correspond to a burst of massive star formation approximately similar to the central 5 pc of R 136 in the LMC and NGC 3603, the ionizing cluster of a giant Carina arm H ii region. The comparison with normal, luminous, and ultraluminous IR galaxies leads us to consider this obscured nucleus as the nearest and weakest object of this category.
An Extremely Active Repeating Fast Radio Burst Source in a Likely Nonmagneto-ionic Environment
Authors: Feng Yi , Li Di , Zhang Yong-Kun , Tsai Chao-Wei , Qu Yuanhong , Wang Wei-Yang , Yang Yuan-Pei , Wang Pei , Zhou Dengke , Niu Jiarui , Miao Chenchen , Yuan Mao , Xu Jiaying , Lynch Ryan S. , Armentrout William Paul , Gregory Brenne , Meng Lingqi , Wang Shen , Chen Xianglei , Dai Shi , Niu Chen-Hui , Xue Mengyao , Yao Ju-Mei , Zhang Bing , Zhang Junshuo , Zhu Weiwei , Xie Jintao , Zhu Yuhao
Published: October 2024

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are bright radio bursts originating at cosmological distances. Only three repeating FRBs FRB 20121102A, FRB 20190520B, and FRB 20201124A among ∼60 known repeating FRBs have circular polarization. We observed the FRB 20220912A with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) at L-band on 2022 October 24 and detected 128 bursts in 1.4 hr, corresponding to a burst rate of about 90 hr−1, which is the highest yet for FRBs observed by the GBT. The average rotation measure (RM) was −0.4 ± 0.3 rad m−2 with negligible intraday RM change, indicating a likely nonmagneto-ionic environment. A total of 61% of bursts have a linear polarization fraction greater than 90%. Approximately 56% of the bright bursts have circular polarization. A downward drift in frequency and polarization angle swings were found in our sample. The characterization of FRB 20220912A indicates that the circular polarization is unlikely to be caused by the magneto-ionic environment for at least some of the repeating FRB population.
The Effects of Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Social Capital on Self-rated Health and Perceived Quality of Life: A Cross-sectional Survey-based Study in a Minority Group in Iran
Authors: Ahmadifar Rashid , Rajabi-Gilan Nader , Rostamizadeh Shirzad , Nadimi Nsrolah , Sobhani Parviz , Irankhah Adel
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of subjective socioeconomic status and social capital on self-rated health and quality of life among a minority group in Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 800 individuals from a minority group in Iran. The sampling method was clustering, and data collection was conducted using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 18 and Stata version 8.Results: The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that subjective socioeconomic status (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34 to 1.61), belonging and empathy (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.15), and trust (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.13) significantly impacted the quality of life. Additionally, the logistic regression analysis for factors influencing self–rated health demonstrated significant effects for the age group of 31-50 years (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.91), gender (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.92), academic education (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.22 to 3.26), subjective socioeconomic status (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.38), chronic disease (OR, 4.52; 95% CI, 2.49 to 8.19), belonging and empathy (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.11), and participation (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.24).Conclusions: The findings indicate that bonding social capital significantly influences health levels and quality of life. Focusing on delegating local responsibilities to community members and striving to promote participation in health programs, along with increasing the socioeconomic status of minority groups, can effectively improve their health and quality of life.
MAIN euskalduna: haurren kontaketetan adinak eta ingurune soziolinguistikoak duten eragina neurtzeko tresna
Authors: Ezeizabarrena Maria José , Murciano Aroa
Published: October 2024

Ikerketa honetan 4-8 urte bitarteko 72 haur nafarren ahozko ipuin-kontaketak aztertu dira MAIN tresnaren euskarazko bertsioa baliatuaz, ondoko helburuekin: batetik haur kontalarien autonomia eta kontatutako ipuinen luzera eta konplexutasun narratiboa neurtzea, eta bestetik, aldagai horietan adinak eta ingurune soziolinguistikoak duten eragina behatzea. Hiru adin-talde bereiztu dira: 5 urteko, 6 urteko eta 7 urtekoak deiturikoak eta bi ingurune soziolinguistikoaren araberakoak: ingurune euskaldunekoak eta ingurune ez euskaldunekoak. Adinari dagokionean, alde esanguratsuak aurkitu dira erabilitako hiru neurgaietan, talde gazteena eta bi zaharragoen artean, baina ez 6 urteko eta 7 urtekoen artean. Ingurune soziolinguistikoaren eragina, berriz, 5 urteko taldean bakarrik agertu da, ingurune euskaldunetako haurren alde hiru neurgaietan. Emaitzek ipuinen kontaketetan haur hezkuntzatik lehen hezkuntzara bitarteko jauzia ageri dela erakutsi dute, eta MAIN euskalduna jauzi horren ebaluazio kuantitatiborako tresna egokia izan daitekeela.
(Up) Against the Prefecture: Associations and Activists in the Cause of Foreign Nationals at Odds with the State
Authors: Pette Mathilde
Published: October 2024

Based on fieldwork carried out in northern France, this article looks at associations and activists—both volunteers and paid employees—working for the cause of foreign nationals, and seeks to understand their role in the reception and defence of these populations through the figure of the “intermediary”. By analysing local configurations of intermediation and delegation, the article shows that associations and activists constitute intermediary figures between foreign nationals, the state and migration policies. The methods used by activists contribute to the transmission of knowledge, skills, categories and norms on and about immigration: activists appear to be both legal experts and links in the chain of migration policies. In turn, the position of intermediary says something about activists, the dilemmas they face and the demarcation strategies they sometimes employ.
Uncanny Women and Angolan Unhomeliness
Authors: Rothwell Phillip
Published: October 2024

Women writers have contested the monolithic version of Angolan nationhood propagated by the MPLA during the struggle for independence and its aftermath. Often haunted by an instrumentalized form of “mother-ness”, the version of Angola fashioned by the New Man left little space for women’s agency or the recognition of their creative autonomy. This article’s central premise is that a range of women writers (exemplified by Ana Paula Tavares, Rosária da Silva, Margarida Paredes, and Chó do Guri) have contested the gendered limitations placed on them by deploying techniques grounded in the uncanny, most notably “foreignness”, “unhomeliness” and new takes on old narratives, in the process, wresting control of Mother from the New Man. The article discusses the deployment of Mother in nationalist discourse, and the extent to which this was inflected in colonial-era gender-saturated matrices. Less gender-coded research on motherhood is juxtaposed with Agostinho Neto’s “mãe” to argue that nationalist poets and authors, unwittingly or otherwise, pushed a metaphor of Mother articulated from within a colonial epistemological framework. The article suggests that the failure of the MPLA revolution should be judged as much in terms of the movement’s proclivity towards normalizing gender binaries as its inability to realize political utopia. Against a backdrop of “patriotic motherhood” that reduced women to carers, Ana Paula Tavares’s challenges to the prudish sensitivities of the New Man were expanded linguistically into the terrain of uncanny “foreignness” by Rosária da Silva. For her part, Margarida Paredes’s rewriting of the Freudian primal scene foregrounds the colonial mother as an Angolan inheritance. For Chó do Guri, the interpellation of mother replicates Neto’s strategy of calling a maternal object into being, but in an uncanny way that uses mother to tell the fraught history and present of a daughter rather than alloying her to the future of a nation.
Mental Health and Academic Performance Among University Undergraduate Students
Authors: Otieno Rose Anyango
Published: October 2024

Academic work is a significant factor in mental health and academic performance of university students. Mental health challenges can impede academic success. Academic performance and mental health wellness have an interactive relationship. The top two mental health issues faced by College Students include anxiety and depression. This chapter will focus on how the two disorders with high comorbidity can impede the academic success of students. Anxiety and depression are major predictors of academic performance among university students. Students with the two disorders are likely to lose interest in learning and therefore, perform poorly in class. There is often a positive correlation between anxiety and depression and poor academic performance by university students. The two disorders among university students have been established to be on the rise besides other mental health problems that students experience while in campus, leading to poor academic performance and failure to transit to graduation.
Creativity as a Driver for Action
Authors: Stefanidou Antonia , Zopounidis Constantin
Published: October 2024

The chapter focuses on creativity, culture and sustainable regional development as creative economy contributes to Sustainable Development Goals. Therefore, the relation between creative economy and sustainable development is highlighted, as well as recent reports that focus on the quality of life in European level. Moreover, UNESCO Creative Cities Network is presented with emphasis on its aims. For the empirical analysis of the theoretical part the case study of Municipality of Chania is examined, as a city which has progressively realized that culture and innovation are key ingredients to pursue its own objectives. In 2023, the city participated in the process of becoming a UNESCO Creative City in the creative field of music. The city gained useful feedback from its participation, even though its candidacy was not selected. Furthermore, the city's policy makers included in their future planning the development of partnerships that promote creativity and cultural industries as well as culture's integration in urban strategies.
Developing Distance Education Environments for Distressed, Wounded Instructors and Learners
Authors: Dillard II James L. , Crawford Caroline M.
Published: October 2024

A qualitative analysis of a distance education instructor and learner supported a focused conversation upon the development of distance education environments for cognitively and emotionally distressed, wounded instructors and learners. Findings reflect thematic alignment between instructor and learner needs. A grounded theory analytic approach supported the further recognition of a distance education hierarchy of needs, that closely aligned with instructor dispositions and learner dispositions within distance education environments. The distance education hierarchy of needs offered a foundational grounding that was articulated. The instructor dispositions and the learner dispositions aligned with the distance education hierarchy.
How It Started Is Not How It Ended
Authors: Hosek Vicki A.
Published: October 2024

This chapter focuses on a case study of an English Language Arts middle school teacher who taught 7th and 8th grade students at a large, urban middle school in the Midwest of the United States during the Covid-19 crisis. The study highlights the challenges teachers faced creating and teaching in virtual classrooms. Analysis of decisions made by both school administrators and teachers to ensure learning objectives and the diverse needs of students were met is provided. The analysis highlights the obstacles and barriers practicing teachers faced in developing and utilizing online platforms that prioritized teachers' concerns and students' learning during this crisis. Those barriers resulted in pedagogical shifts and compromises that are discussed in depth. Ways to ensure effective and supportive communication between administrators and teachers are proposed. Finally, suggestions are made for professional development and teacher education programs about how to ensure that teachers' pedagogical beliefs are considered and respected as they recruit those beliefs to integrate technology.
The Benefits of Choosing to Let Students Choose
Authors: Woodall Karen , Moore Monika , Brijmohan Amanda , Childs Ruth A.
Published: October 2024

When public health restrictions prevented large groups from meeting, instead of moving their courses fully online, a small number of faculty adopted a hybrid mode in which small groups of students attended in-person while most students participated online. The opportunity to participate in-person was important for students living on campus with limited social interactions due to pandemic restrictions and online participation was necessary for those who were unable or unwilling to travel to campus. In this chapter, we discuss students' self-reported expectations and experiences when taking hybrid courses in the Forensic Science Program. Of particular interest were the students' reports of their access to space, their responsibilities in addition to school, their use of study strategies, their reasons for choosing to participate in the course in-person or online, and their relationships with the instructor and peers. We discuss the insights gained from this experience and the lasting effects on the first author's pedagogical practices.
Safety Nets of Success
Authors: Burris Shalieka T. , Burris-Melville Tashieka S. , Burris Oprah D.
Published: October 2024

With the increasing challenges confronting higher education institutions (HEIs), encouraging a positive team climate that encourages psychological safety is crucial for developing high-performing and thriving teams. This study explored the differences in team climate perceptions and psychological safety between academic and administrative staff at a higher education institution. Employing a quantitative survey research design, the research study investigated how the staff groups perceive various aspects of team climate and psychological safety. The study also explored the relationship between team climate and psychological safety. The data revealed that academic teams had a lower perception of the team climate and a slightly lower perception of psychological safety when compared to administrative teams. The relationship between team climate and psychological safety scores was weak and not statistically significant. These findings highlight the need for strategies to enhance psychological safety, particularly in academic settings where perceptions are less uniform.
Building Champions
Authors: Sarkar Saptarshi Kumar , Ghosh Sanchita , Roy Piyal , Choudhury Nobhonil Roy
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the role of leadership in team development and performance in organizations. It reviews literature on leadership theories, team dynamics, and performance outcomes, examining the impact of different leadership styles on team cohesion, motivation, and productivity. The paper analyzes effective leadership strategies and best practices, providing insights on how organizations can empower and nurture leaders. Empowered leaders can harness team potential, maximizing effectiveness and paving the way for sustainable growth. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding and implementing nuanced leadership approaches, fostering a culture of excellence, and achieving enduring success.
Using Google Docs for Enhancing Collaboration in Academic Writing Instruction
Authors: Reid Nekiesha
Published: October 2024

Collaborative learning is a powerful method to fostering engagement and meaningful learning experiences within academic writing instruction, promoting participation critical thinking & skill development. In this vein, computer-mediated collaborative writing has been increasingly integrated into the classroom using tools like Google Docs. However, there is still limited research focused on understating the benefits and challenges of Google Docs for academic writing instruction, especially outside the second language learning classroom.Based on quantitative survey data from tertiary students in Guyana, this chapter explores the benefits and challenges associated with using Google Docs in academic writing instruction. The results show that that Google Docs offers a versatile platform that aligns with the evolving needs of modern educational practices, contributing to learning and academic writing skill development. However, for maximal impact, educators must also confront challenges that may surface, such as ensuring equitable participation and overcoming resistance to new technologies.
Avatars of Academia
Authors: Asrifan Andi , Dewi Anita Candra , Rosmayanti Vivit , Saodi Syamsuardi , Kaddas Badruddin , Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: October 2024

The effects of COVID-19 on educational institutions, leadership, technology in the classroom, virtual reality, and collaborative learning are just a few of the topics covered in this extensive review of recent studies. It explores the pros and cons of virtual teams in educational contexts, focusing on knowledge work in virtual environments and how they could improve interdisciplinary partnerships. Setting clear goals, communicating effectively, and managing cultural differences are critical tactics outlined in the article for successful virtual collaboration. Additionally, it delves into how virtual collaboration tools might enhance teamwork and student engagement, as well as the changing function of avatars in educational environments. The paper highlights the potential of virtual reality, augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and gamification to revolutionize collaborative learning, build immersive environments, and enhance learning outcomes in the next quarter of a century. It predicts immense progress in education due to these technologies' incorporation.
Fusion Femme
Authors: Williams-Shakespeare Eraldine S. , Smith Sharlene M. , Wright-Cameron Taneisha , Tawiah-Mensah Joyce Esi , Swann Natasha G. , Alahmari Adhwaa
Published: October 2024

This intrinsic case study explored six women of colour in varying stages of their academic careers across five universities in the Caribbean, North America, Africa and Asia, reflecting on their experiences with virtual teamwork and its influence on research, teaching innovation and leadership. The chapter presents challenges experienced by early to mid-career academics and outlines opportunities that virtual collaborative engagement efforts may yield. The research question guiding this study was “how can women of colour in academia support each other virtually in areas of research, teaching excellence and leadership?” Data collected via a focus group discussion revealed several challenges related to each key area of interest and ranged from discrimination to lack of mentorship on the job. The findings highlight several factors that affect research (funding and time affordance), teaching (mentorship and support) and leadership (mindset of long-service over merit and gender and personal biases) progress for women of colour. The ability to collaborate virtually offered these women an avenue through which they can support each other while increasing research output, improving teaching skills and positioning themselves to excel in leadership.
AI-Powered Language Teaching and Learning
Authors: Eswaran Ushaa , Eswaran Vivek , Murali Keerthna , Eswaran Vishal
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) in language education, examining both the innovative potential and significant challenges presented by AI-powered tools and systems. The authors investigate how AI is transforming traditional approaches to language teaching and learning, enabling more personalized, adaptive, and engaging educational experiences. The chapter delves into various AI applications, including intelligent tutoring systems, chatbots, speech recognition, and natural language processing, analyzing their impact on language acquisition processes. They also critically examine the ethical, pedagogical, and practical challenges associated with integrating AI into language education. Through a combination of literature review, case studies, and experimental research, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the current state and future prospects of AI in language teaching and learning.
Exploring Educational Technology in Language Education
Authors: Mahmood Rizgar Qasim
Published: October 2024

The integration of educational technology in language education, particularly in the realm of English as a foreign language (EFL) instruction, is a topic of growing importance. This chapter aims to investigate the utilisation of technology in L2 teaching classes from 50 EFL university teachers' perspectives in Iraqi Kurdistan. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining an online survey questionnaire with semi-structured interviews, to provide a comprehensive understanding of teachers' experiences. This chapter equips readers with the benefits and challenges of educational technology while teaching an L2. It offers several theoretical and pedagogical implications for policymakers, educators, and teachers.
The Use of Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Language Education
Authors: Ulutaş Nurdan Kavaklı , Durmaz Mualla Elif , Elbuğa Necdet , Sezgin Sena , Kaya Kübra , İsmailoğulları Barış
Published: October 2024

Mastery of language skills requires integrating various technologies within the lessons along with commonly utilized traditional materials. Since technology-based education caters learners with different learning styles by satisfying the endeavors of the educators in meeting the needs of the current age, there has been a tendency towards employing technological tools in language classrooms. Thus, a growing number of teaching pedagogies have become entwined with the use of several technologies. Fundamentally, there are three emerging technologies that have been the foci of interest in education: augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI). Within the scope of language teaching and learning, there is a plethora of research investigating the influences of these technologies on the effectiveness of language lessons. Concordantly, using the PRISMA systematic literature review method, this study presents the findings of the previous studies that investigate the effects of AR, VR and AI on language education.
Cultivating Cyborgs
Authors: Gwelo Farai Alice
Published: October 2024

This book chapter explores the transformative potential of human and artificial intelligence (AI) collaboration in agricultural marketing and supply chain management, drawing on three case studies from China, South Africa and Eswatini. These case studies shed light on how smallholder farmers collaborate with AI to revolutionise their marketing strategies, enhance their integration into high-value market systems, boost profitability, and secure recognition as vital participants within the broader food system. This chapter conceptualises human-AI collaboration as a cyborg to effectively explore the dynamics of collaboration between humans and AI. The findings underscore the importance of supporting human-AI collaboration in addressing the challenges faced by smallholder farmers in accessing agricultural commodity markets.
How Can AI Help Change the Future of Marketing?
Authors: Sharma Meenakshi , Zaman Zaid , Painuly Pramod Kumar , Kumar A. V. Senthil
Published: October 2024

The study explores the essential characteristics, preferences, and behaviors of Millennials and Generation Z, and the effects of different techniques on consumer responses and brand outcomes. Through a thorough investigation of successful artificial intelligence advertisements, consumer attitudes, and views, the research offers significant perspectives on the use of AI in marketing going forward that are genuine and foster significant relationships with these crucial groups of people. Despite a large portion (83.3%) of the young demographic (aged 18-34) in our survey having encountered personalized recommendations from AI in marketing, only 25% found them helpful. This highlights a critical gap between AI's potential and its current effectiveness in personalization suggesting a need for improvement in the quality and relevance of AI-generated recommendations for this tech-savvy generation. Further research is needed to understand if the ineffectiveness stems from intrusive or irrelevant suggestions, or a lack of personalization depth tailored to their specific preferences.
Algorithmic Bias and Farmers' Autonomy in AI-Driven Agricultural Marketing and Supply Chains
Authors: Gwelo Farai Alice
Published: October 2024

This study examines the ethical and social implications of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption in smallholder agricultural marketing and supply chains, focusing on algorithmic bias and its impact on the autonomy of smallholder farmers in agricultural marketing and supply chains. The findings reveal that data bias is the primary contributor to algorithmic bias. The output of AI systems reflects the data on which the algorithms were trained and when AI-driven agricultural marketing systems are trained on biased data machine learning algorithms and users' choices are informed by the biased data, perpetuating a cycle of bias, limiting smallholder farmers' choices. The study highlights the importance of inclusive data practices to reduce biases and ensure equitable outcomes and support AI-driven agricultural systems that uphold smallholder farmers' interests. It calls attention the need for ethical AI frameworks, comprehensive policy analysis, and strategies to mitigate socioeconomic risks faced by smallholders owing to biased AI training data and algorithms are crucial.
Examining Healthcare Services Utilizing Cloud Technology in Intelligent Urban Environments
Authors: Kumar Abhinav , Bag Anindya , Anand Aseem , Saha Siddhant , Mohapatra Hitesh , Kolhar Manjur
Published: October 2024

In smart cities, technology is transforming urban living, with healthcare being a primary focus. This chapter explores the challenges of implementing cloud-based healthcare, emphasizing data security, interoperability, and equitable access. Although cloud-based healthcare offers substantial benefits, it faces issues such as data security, lack of standardized data formats, and ethical concerns. The study underscores the necessity for strong security protocols to protect sensitive information and user-centric consent frameworks to ensure transparency and patient empowerment. Standardized data formats are essential for seamless communication between healthcare systems. Additionally, targeted efforts are required to bridge the digital divide and guarantee equitable access to these technologies for all citizens. Addressing these challenges can revolutionize healthcare in smart cities, enhancing preventive care, accessibility, and resource optimization.
Classifying Sleep Health and Lifestyle Patterns
Authors: Chauhan Dipti , Jain Jay Kumar
Published: October 2024

Sleep is essential in today's hectic world, particularly for those who are under a lot of stress. With the advent of emerging technologies IoT, Cloud computing, ML etc. it becomes convenient for an individual to keep the track of their sleep patterns and can be helpful in the treatment of severe disorders. By leveraging cloud computing, this data can be processed, stored, and used for advanced analytics, enabling insights into an individual's sleep patterns and their impact on overall health. Individuals can use this real time data and healthcare professionals to understand, monitor, and improve sleep quality and overall well-being. This chapter provides an insight for the classification of sleep patterns for an individual. We have also presented a case study based on sleep apnea and insomnia disorders. These two common sleep disorders can have serious consequences for a person's overall health and sleep quality. This study will be beneficial for persons with sleep disorders from early detection and personalized intervention if sleep health patterns are accurately classified.
Leveraging Social Media for Tea Destination Branding
Authors: Banerjee Shuvasree , Tyagi Pankaj Kumar
Published: October 2024

The use of social media has brought about a revolution in the branding and perception of tea places, providing one-of-a-kind chances for participation and marketing. In this chapter, we investigate the significant impact that social media has had on the branding of tea destinations. Specifically, we look at how social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube have influenced the attitudes of tourists and the destinations they choose to visit. Specifically, it emphasizes the significance of visual and interactive material in the process of developing captivating tales that attract and engage prospective visitors. A number of successful techniques that tea destinations have implemented in order to improve their brand presence and visibility are illustrated in this chapter through the use of specific case studies. In addition to this, it discusses the dual nature of user-generated material, addressing both the potential benefits and the issues that it may present.
E-Commerce Evolution
Authors: Panda Liji , Khatua Parikshita
Published: October 2024

E-commerce has emerged as a catalyst for novel business prospects within the global travel and tourism sector. This paper presents a historical analysis, exploring the permeation of e-commerce in the travel and tourism industry. The analysis highlights consistent customer experiences across diverse channels, airlines, and international as well as domestic travel, particularly in emerging economies with limited internet accessibility. It contends that various emerging technologies, such as mobile devices and global positioning systems, warrant careful consideration, necessitating a systematic assessment of their effects. The paper asserts that the industry faces a substantial challenge in comprehensively evaluating the impact of these technologies on various facets of the travel sector and determining the actual value-added services they offer to consumers. In conclusion, the study underscores the imperative for the industry to proactively assess and adapt to the evolving landscape shaped by these technologies.
Sustainable Travel Behaviour Among Women Tourists Visiting Rural Destinations
Authors: Das Runa , Singh Amrik
Published: October 2024

This study investigates how women's engagement in and perceptions of the advantages of waste management in rural tourist Himalayan villages in Darjeeling have changed as a result of the expansion of rural tourism. Regression analysis and positive correlation show that rural tourism substantially increases women's participation in community activities. While the growth of the tourism industry has a good impact on women's empowerment and cultural preservation, it is insufficient to propel environmental and sustainable development on its own, calling for integrated strategies. While descriptive statistics show that rural tourism and women's engagement are positively perceived, they also draw attention to the shortcomings of sustainable and environmental activities. The ANOVA results attest to the critical role that women play in advancing sustainable waste management techniques. The study's conclusions are consistent with previous research in that they highlight the value of encouraging rural tourism and women's empowerment for the advancement of sustainable community development.
An audit of the iron status of patients at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Grove Jurette S. , Khoza Siyabonga , Mabuza Dineo V. , Khan Shaida B.
Published: October 2024

Background: Iron deficiency is a common disorder, especially in developing countries. Accurately assessing iron status remains challenging, particularly for patients with chronic diseases such as HIV and chronic kidney disease, prevalent in South Africa.Objective: This study aimed to determine how ferritin cut-offs affect iron status classification in adult patients treated at a tertiary hospital in South Africa. Additionally, it assessed the frequency of these conditions and the impact of age and gender on iron status.Methods: This retrospective study analysed iron profiles in adult patients from 01 October 2020 to 31 March 2021. Iron status was categorised into five groups: iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), anaemia of chronic disease, IDA with anaemia of chronic disease, iron deficiency without anaemia, and iron replete based on haemoglobin, transferrin saturation, and ferritin levels. The impact of using two different ferritin cut-off values (15 µg/L and 30 µg/L) was investigated.Results: The study included 3221 complete iron profiles. There was a predominance of female patients (2.2:1 ratio). Anaemia of chronic disease was the most prevalent iron disorder (39%), regardless of ferritin cut-off. Using a higher ferritin cut-off of 30 µg/L significantly increased the detection rates of both IDA and iron deficiency without anaemia (p  0.001).Conclusion: This study suggests that a higher ferritin threshold (30 µg/L) might improve diagnosis of iron disorders in settings with high inflammatory diseases. Further studies are needed to refine thresholds. Local guidelines should be adjusted to consider higher ferritin cut-offs, and longitudinal studies are recommended to evaluate long-term outcomes.What this study adds: This study confirms the use of higher ferritin cut-offs for enhanced detection of iron deficiency states. The findings also emphasise the ongoing need for establishing simple, standardised, and accurate methods for iron status classification.
Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Women under Treatment at a Tertiary Care Center of Western Maharashtra
Authors: Gadekar Tukaram J. , Kaushik Sushil K. , Gadekar Madhu , Bobdey Saurabh , Dharmesh
Published: October 2024

Background:

‘Breast cancer’ the most common cancer amongst females in India. Having good Quality of life (QoL) among the patients undergoing treatment is one of the vital and significant factors for ensuring holistic approach to treatment and well-being of cancer patients. The present study was conducted to assess the QoL and its determinants among breast cancer patients undergoing treatment at a tertiary care institute in western Maharashtra.

Material and Methodology:

300 histopathologically confirmed breast cancer patients undergoing treatment at a tertiary care centre were divided into three groups to include 100 patients in each group. Group 1 (patients with duration of treatment 1 to 2 years) Group 2 (patients with duration of treatment 2 to 5 years) and Group 3 (more than 5 years). Validated tool Function Assessment of Cancer Therapy Breast specific (FACT-B) questionnaire was used to collect information on QoL and analysed using appropriate statistical tests.

Results:

Mean age of patients was 53.2 + 10.08 years, 136 (45.33%) were from age group 51 to 65 years. Majority of the patients 106 (35.33%) were educated till secondary schooling and 172 (57.33 %) were belonging to the middle-upper class. Lump in breast was most common presenting symptom in 235 (78.33%) cases followed by nipple retraction. 275 (91.67 %) cases had infiltrating ductal Carcinoma and 144 (48%) patents were in Stage II cancer. Over all mean FACT-B score for QoL was 104.02 + 18.65 out of 141. Mean FACT-B score for Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 was 88.18 +17.20, 105.89 + 11.78 and 118.28 + 12.45 respectively with (p< 0.05), suggests significant improvement in QoL with increase in time elapsed since treatment.

Conclusion:

Socio-demographic factors, type of surgery and duration of treatment had significant effect on QoL among breast cancer patients. Apropos physicians, paramedic staff and domestic care givers need to be sensitised on importance of QoL for collective and deliberate efforts to achieve holistic care. QoL can be made integral part of breast cancer treatment and management policy or programme.
Immunohistochemical Expression of HBME-1 in a Spectrum of Thyroid Neoplasms
Authors: Chawla Archi A. , Dhar Reeta , Sahu Shilpi
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Thyroid neoplasms are the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, representing 3.8% of new cancer cases, and it is the ninth most common cancer overall. The immuno-histochemical marker Hector Battifora Mesotheilial-1 (HBME-1) is a monoclonal antibody that now finds its diagnostic utility as a positive marker for well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas. The aim was to study the expression of HBME-1 and to differentiate between malignant and non-malignant lesions by demonstrating their usefulness in the categorisation of thyroid neoplasms.

Methods:

A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care centre from August 2022 to May 2023, comprising 25 cases. All thyroidectomy specimens were included. They were subjected to histopathological examination using routine haematoxylin and eosin stain, and further confirmation was made by immuno-histochemical staining for HBME-1.

Results:

There were a total of 25 cases consisting of 23 (92%) females and two (8%) males. The maximum number of cases was seen in the age group of 21–30 years (27%), followed by 31–40 years (24%) and 41–50 years (24%). The most common thyroid neoplasm noted was the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (40%) with HBME-1 being strongly positive for papillary thyroid carcinoma and its variants compared to other tumour sub-types, where it shows diffuse and focal expression.

Conclusion:

HBME-1, due to its high sensitivity, can be significantly used as a marker for identification and differentiation, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma. However, using a panel of markers comprising Galectin-3 and Ck-19 along with HBME-1 increases the accuracy and specificity for the correct diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms.
Granulomatous panuveitis following prolonged silicone oil tamponade - A Clinicopathological study
Authors: Mohapatra Ayushi , Biswas Jyotirmay
Published: October 2024

An enucleated specimen of a silicone oil-filled globe, showing migration of oil globules into the intraretinal, choroidal, and ciliary body areas, surrounded by multinucleated giant cells suggestive of panuveitis on histopathological evaluation, was reported.
Grammatophyllum speciosum ethanolic extract inhibits proliferation and migration of non-small cell lung cancer cells through focal adhesion kinase/AKT/β-catenin-dependent pathway
Authors: Chowjarean Verisa , Harikarnpakdee Saraporn , Phiboonchaiyanan Preeyaporn Plaimee
Published: October 2024

Research into the pharmacological effects of Grammatophyllum speciosum has indicated potential in various areas; however, there has been limited investigation into the impact of G. speciosum ethanolic extract (GSE) specifically on the migration and growth of non-small lung cancer cells. Hence, this research aims to examine the role of GSE in suppressing the cell cycle phases, migration, and expression of migratory regulatory proteins in H460 cells. Treatment with noncytotoxic concentrations of GSE significantly suppressed cell proliferation in H460 cells by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest. The wound space area was found to be greater compared to the control group, suggesting that GSE also inhibited cell migration. Furthermore, GSE downregulated migratory regulatory proteins, including phosphorylated forms of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), protein kinase B (AKT), and β-catenin. Similar inhibitory effects on cell growth and migration were observed in H23 lung cancer cells treated with GSE. These findings highlight a novel antiproliferative and antimigratory effect of GSE mediated through the FAK/AKT/β-catenin pathway, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies for lung cancer treatment.
Developing antioxidant of gold nanofilm by a facile electrodeposition method
Authors: Budi Setia , Suliasih Babay Asih , Fikri Ibrahim Dhuafa , Afrizal  , Angelina Marissa
Published: October 2024

Antioxidant activity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is known to have considerable therapeutic benefits in the field of medicine. This study aimed to synthesize AuNPs in the form of gold nanofilms (AuNFs) and characterize their antioxidant activity by controlling preparation parameters of scan rate. The AuNFs were synthesized by cyclic voltammetry technique by varying scan rates. The antioxidant capacity was measured using in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. The effect of incubation time on the assay was also observed by varying the incubation periods to 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 min. Antioxidant activity of AuNPs gradually increased from 15.18% ±1.8% to 46.17% ±1.87% with the increase in the scan rate. The examination of the variation in incubation time reveals that all samples exhibited a slight increase of inhibition percentage that ranged from 0.47 to 2.17 for each incubation time. This phenomenon showed that the generated AuNFs are classified as slow hydrogen atom transfer. The AuNFs synthesized using the cyclic voltammetry technique exhibited significant antioxidant activity, which was influenced by the scan rate factor. In addition, based on the analysis of incubation time variation, these AuNFs demonstrated a slow hydrogen atom transfer in relation to their reaction kinetics with free radicals.
Role of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) extracts in alveolar bone remodeling in diabetic rats during orthodontic tooth movements
Authors: Hikmah Nuzulul , Hidayat Mohamad , Permatasari Nur , Aulanni’am Aulanni’am , Rudijanto Achmad
Published: October 2024

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in diabetes can increase alveolar bone resorption and decrease formation. Cacao beans contain several bioactive compounds that can increase osteoblast differentiation and mineralization and inhibit osteoclastogenesis to maintain tooth stability. We explored the role of cacao extracts on alveolar bone remodeling in diabetic rats during OTM. Cacao extracts were assayed for phytochemical screening and antioxidant capacity. Twenty-five rats were divided into nondiabetes, diabetes, diabetes cacao 125, diabetes cacao 250, and diabetes cacao 125 groups. Diabetes was induced by injecting the rats with streptozotocin for 5 days. An orthodontic device was inserted between the maxillary incisors, and cacao extract was administered orally. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods were used to analyze bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and receptor activators of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) levels. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining, and the osteoclast/osteoblast ratio was observed through hematoxylin–eosin staining. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and post hoc tests, with P < 0.05 being statistically significant. Cacao extracts contained 7.27% phenolic, 0.02% flavonoid, 1.63% tannin content, and 147.47 µg/g of half-maximal inhibitory concentration. Approximately 250 mg/kg body weight of cacao extracts significantly increased BALP levels and decreased RANKL levels, TRAP expression, and osteoclast/osteoblast ratio in the diabetes group (P < 0.05). Cacao extracts can promote alveolar bone remodeling in diabetic rats during OTM by reducing alveolar bone resorption and increasing deposition.