bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACURÁCIA DO POSICIONAMENTO ABSOLUTO GPS COM CORREÇÃO DA IONOSFERA ADVINDA DE MAPAS IONOSFÉRICOS GLOBAIS E REGIONAIS
Authors: Rocha Gilmara Dannielle de Carvalho , Marques Haroldo Antonio , Galera João Francisco Monico
Published: September 2015

Resumo:O efeito provocado pela ionosfera no sinal GPS é um dos mais impactantes no processo de estimativa das coordenadas geodésicas, principalmente para dados de simples frequência, sem o uso de um modelo ionosférico adequado. Neste caso, pode-se atualmente aplicar as correções ionosféricas advindas do modelo de Klobuchar, dos Mapas Globais (GIM) ou Mapas Regionais da Ionosfera. Sendo os dois últimos citados os que têm sido muito investigados pela comunidade cientifica. Nesse artigo destaca-se o LPIM (La Plata Ionospheric Model) desenvolvido na Universidade La Plata e disponibilizado dentro do contexto do projeto SIRGAS. Neste artigo apresenta-se a avaliação da acurácia do posicionamento absoluto com aplicação das correções ionosféricas advindas do GIM e do LPIM. Foram realizados processamentos no modo PPP utilizando somente código com dados GPS coletados em estações da RBMC. A estimativa das coordenadas foi realizada com solução época por época e comparadas com as coordenadas estimadas na rede SIRGAS-CON. Estimou-se o EMQ diário com geração de séries temporais para o ano de 2013. Com base nas melhorias produzidas com a utilização do modelo ionosférico regional, propõe-se a modificação do modelo estocástico do ajustamento, tendo em vista que somente o modelo funcional é afetado pelas correções ionosféricas advindas dos modelos
EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR FISHEYE CAMERA CALIBRATION
Authors: Marcato Junior José , Moraes Marcus Vinícius Antunes de , Tommaselli Antonio Maria Garcia
Published: September 2015

Abstract:Fisheye lens cameras enable to increase the Field of View (FOV), and consequently they have been largely used in several applications like robotics. The use of this type of cameras in close-range Photogrammetry for high accuracy applications, requires rigorous calibration. The main aim of this work is to present the calibration results of a Fuji Finepix S3PRO camera with Samyang 8mm fisheye lens using rigorous mathematical models. Mathematical models based on Perspective, Stereo-graphic, Equi-distant, Orthogonal and Equi-solid-angle projections were implemented and used in the experiments. The fisheye lenses are generally designed following one of the last four models, and Bower-Samyang 8mm lens is based on Stereo-graphic projection. These models were used in combination with symmetric radial, decentering and affinity distortion models. Experiments were performed to verify which set of IOPs (Interior Orientation Parameters) presented better results to describe the camera inner geometry. Collinearity mathematical model, which is based on perspective projection, presented the less accurate results, which was expected because fisheye lenses are not designed following the perspective projection. Stereo-graphic, Equi-distant, Orthogonal and Equi-solid-angle projections presented similar results even considering that Bower-Samyang fisheye lens was built based on Stereo-graphic projection. The experimental results also demonstrated a small correlation between IOPs and EOPs (Exterior Orientation Parameters) for Bower-Samyang lens.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE SIG E ANÁLISE MULTICRITÉRIO PARA SELEÇÃO DE ÁREAS COM POTENCIAL PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DE UNIVERSIDADES E LOTEAMENTOS UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Authors: Castro Jackeline de Siqueira , Costa Luma Soares , Barbosa Gustavo Rodrigues , Assemany Paula Peixoto , Calijuri Maria Lúcia
Published: September 2015

Resumo:A integração de sistemas de informação geográfica com os métodos de decisão multicritério, vem proporcionando inúmeros benefícios para a resolução de problemas de planejamento urbano. Nesse sentido este trabalho apresenta a metodologia utilizada na avaliação e seleção de áreas para a implantação de uma universidade e de um loteamento universitário no município de Patos de Minas - MG. Foram encontrados um local para o loteamento com área de 25,83 ha, e um para a universidade com uma área de 31,47 ha, ambos com risco médio e alta compensação. Os resultados obtidos revelam que o uso da ferramenta SIG associada a análise multicritério são eficientes na escolha de locais para a implantação de empreendimentos que causarão impactos no ambiente a ser instalado
Galectins and collectinis expression are increased in Haemonchus contortus-infected corriedale sheep
Authors: Souza Bárbara Maria Paraná da Silva , Lambert Sabrina Mota , Nishi Sandra Mayumi , Benavides Magda Vieira , Berne Maria Elisabeth Aires , Madruga Claudio Roberto , Almeida Maria Angela Ornelas de
Published: September 2015

Galectins and collectins are proteins classified in the lectin family that have the ability to recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens. Studies on cattle have demonstrated high expression of these proteins during infection with gastrointestinal nematodes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the level of Haemonchus contortus infection would alter the expression of galectins (Gal11 and Gal14) and collectins (SPA and CGN) in sheep. Twelve Corriedale sheep exposed to natural infection with nematodes were divided into two groups: group 1 (G1, n = 7) and group 2 (G2, n = 5), with low and high parasite burdens, respectively, based on fecal egg counts and abomasal parasite counts. The fecal egg counts and abomasal parasite counts were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the groups. Galectin and collectin gene expression was observed in all sheep abomasal samples. However, animals with lower infection levels showed lower expression of the genes Gal14, SPA and CGN (p < 0.05). Expression of lectins was associated with the abomasal H. contortus burden, thus suggesting that these proteins may have a role in controlling of this infection.
Anthelmintic activity of Cymbopogon citratus against Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Macedo Iara Tersia Freitas , Oliveira Lorena Mayana Beserra de , Ribeiro Wesley Lyeverton Correia , Santos Jessica Maria Leite dos , Silva Kaline das Chagas , Araújo Filho José Vilemar de , Camurça-Vasconcelos Ana Lourdes Fernandes , Bevilaqua Claudia Maria Leal
Published: September 2015

Parasitic nematodes are of major economic importance in livestock. An alternative for the control of parasites is phytotherapy. This study evaluated the efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus decoction (CcD), C. citratus essential oil (CcEo) and citral against Haemonchus contortus using in vitro egg hatch test (EHT) and larval development test (LDT) and an in vivo test using a Meriones unguiculatus (gerbil) model. The effect of 800 mg/kg CcEo was evaluated in gerbils that had been artificially infected with 5,000 third-stage H. contortus larvae. The effective concentrations required to inhibit 50% (EC50) of egg hatching were 0.46, 0.14 and 0.13 mg/mL for CcD, CcEo and citral, respectively. The EC50 values in the LDT were 5.04, 1.92 and 1.37 mg/mL for CcD, CcEo and citral, respectively. H. contortus population in the group treated with C. citratus essential oil was reduced by 38.5% (P< 0.05) in comparison to the control group. These results suggest that it may be possible to use C. citratusessential oil to control of H. contortus parasite of small ruminant.
Nonverbal Communication and Global Discourse Analysis: Report of the Application and its Results in the Context of Criminal Investigation
Authors: Mônica Azzariti  , Rui Mateus Joaquim
Published: September 2015

This article consists of two analysis of an oral testimony conducted in police headquarters, of a case involving a childs murder. This case, of great repercussion in Brazil, has become a major challenge for the authorities, which led to the request of analysis involved aspects of verbal and nonverbal communication. They were performed separately by professionals from different areas. Such analysis, when confronted, brings convergent evidence, and corroborates the findings obtained by the two methods, the result indicates a reliable way of using communicative analysis in the context of statements. Finally, we intend to describe the used methodology and the theoretical resources on which professionals involved in the case are based on.
Perception of a Successful Passing of State Final Testing (SFT) and United State Exam (USE) by Parents of Moscow School Students: Opportunities and Drawbacks
Authors: Pishnyak Alina , Khalina Natalia
Published: September 2015

Based on the data of a representative poll performed by Institute of Megalopolis Humane Development in April of 2014 among 1516 parents of 1st through 11th grade students of Moscow schools, there are data being analyzed related to parents’ perception of preparation to and taking of SFT and USE. There are results given for groups of parents of school students of various ages: 1st‑4th, 5th‑6th, 7th‑9th and 10th‑11th grade students as well as a detailed information related to specific subjects of the school program. Most of those taking part in the poll believe that regular studies do not ensure passing of FST and USE with high grades with more than 30% of parents believing that additional classes would not allow passing with high grades either. Such expectations normally shape during the first years of their children spent in school. The major drawback for successful passing of FST and USE are believed to be poor training programs, whereas less than 20% refer to poor quality teaching. In parents’ view, students’ passing of FST and USE is accompanied by a series of challenges: starting from their persuasion being that exams are an inadequate tool for knowledge assessment to a fear of being unable to ensure they children a proper preparation to the exams. The authors believe that the issue of FST and USE has become a resource of social tension for families with children in a metropolis.
Demand for Second Higher Education: Empirical Evidence for Russian Senior Executives
Authors: Solntsev Sergey
Published: September 2015

We review the most widespread theoretical models of demand for higher education. We use weekly Vedomostipublications on appointments of senior executives in Russian companies and Russian branches of foreign companies from the late 1999 to the late 2009 to analyze the education level of Russian senior executives: what first higher education they reseived and where; how and where they got their second higher education; what categories of managers are more likely to reseive a second higher education. The sample comprised 5001 appointments. We performed an econometric analysis of the factors determining demand for second higher education among senior executives. Almost all the senior executives have higher education, one third of them have two or more diplomas. Economic and business studies were found to be the most needed areas. Second higher education was more likely to be in demand by senior executives who obtained their first diploma in engineering or humanities.
Soviet Enlightenment Project: Eradication of Illiteracy among Adults in the 1920s‑1930s
Authors: Gluschenko Irina
Published: September 2015

We analyze the Soviet campaign to eradicate illiteracy among adults in the 1920s‑1930s. A comparison of educational and ideological aspects of this campaign demonstrates how closely they were related and how they formed new patterns of cultural behavior. We discuss methodological regulations and decrees of the Soviet government, as well as printed press, study guides, and ABC books. They reveal how entire social strata not only learned to read and to write but also familiarized themselves with (and shaped, to some extent) the new «lingua Sovietica» in the course of the campaign. This new language allowed people to communicate with authorities and to achieve their specific goals through playing with official notions and terms. The soviet approach was specific not just in that education was brought together with solving ideological and upbringing problems but in that it was a totally deliberate and transparent process. Eradication of illiteracy in the Soviet Union was accompanied by radical changes to the way people lived and worked, which resulted in immediate demand for and utilization of the skills they acquired. That was the key to success of the Soviet illiteracy eradication campaign. None of the countries that used the Soviet scheme in their enlightenment projects cold replicate this success, as people were taught literacy with the traditional social relationships being preserved. As a result, knowledge was distributed much slower and population often lost their newly-acquired skills quickly.
Co-Evolution of Social Networks and Student Performance
Authors: Dokuka Sofia , Valeeva Diliara , Yudkevich Maria
Published: September 2015

Peer-effects describe the influence of social environment on individual academic achievements. Social environment is usually considered as a randomly formed group. However, it forms and develops as a result of an individual conscious dynamic choice. Students may initially choose friends among peers with similar level of academic performance, and the influence of close friends on each other’s achievements may reveal itself over time. Using stochastic actor-based models, we demarcated the boundaries between social selection and social influence evaluated through academic performance. Having analyzed the dynamics of friendship ties and academic achievements throughout the first year at university, we discovered that students were not guided by the level of academic performance when choosing friends among peers but academic achievements of the latter affected their own performance over time. This could be explained by social segregation of students based on their academic outcomes.
Questioning the Policy Framing of Roma in Ghent, Belgium: Some Implications of Taking an Insider Perspective Seriously
Authors: Hemelsoet Elias , Van Pelt Pauwel
Published: September 2015

The recent flow of Roma immigrants to Western Europe has caused a lot of societal and political discussion. Initiatives and policy measures are introduced at the European and national or local level in order to deal with this situation. This article explores to what extent experiences and self-perceptions of Roma immigrants in Western Europe correspond with the constructed discourse in terms of “Roma inclusion”. In policy practices, there seems to be a tension between a willingness to strengthen the particular identity of Roma on the one hand (“targeting”), and a desire to fit those people into mainstream society on the other hand (“mainstreaming”). Based on a case study in the city of Ghent (Belgium) with a small sample of in-depth interviews, the authors explore what an insider perspective may add to the construction of policy. Conclusions relate to the experienced gap with mainstream society, the identification with and definition of the “Roma” concept as well as intergenerational differences. Finally, the argument is taken a step further, and it is wondered how an insider perspective may also question policy. By relating policy conceptualisations of Roma to (self) identification processes, suggestions are made to redefine the meaning of inclusion.
Victimization and Vilification of Romani Children in Media and Human Rights Organizations Discourses
Authors: Christianakis Mary
Published: September 2015

Through an analysis of European newspapers, human rights organization reportage, and United Nations documents and websites, this article examines how public discourse regarding education, human rights, poverty, child rearing, and child labour manufactures a dangerous, implausible childhood for Romani children. These discourses, perpetrated by human rights organizations and news media, leverage the languages of intervention, cultural difference, nationalism, and social justice to simultaneously victimize and vilify Romani children, rendering them incapable of experiencing humane childhoods. Employing critical discourse analysis and systemic functional grammar analysis, the proposed article seeks to disentangle the discourses of human rights for Roman children from the assimilationist arguments aimed at compulsory schooling and Eurocentric family and labour practices rooted in access to middle class dominant labor markets.
Integrating Methods Training and Community-based Participatory Research: The NSF-Supported Ethnographic Field School in Tallahassee, Florida
Authors: Gravlee Clarence C. , Szurek Sarah M. , Mitchell M. Miaisha
Published: September 2015

The Health Equity Alliance of Tallahassee (HEAT) Ethnographic Field School (EFS) uses a community-based participatory research (CBPR) framework to provide intensive, hands-on training in methods of collecting and analyzing qualitative and quantitative ethnographic data. In this article, we describe (1) how the field school addresses a disciplinary need for more rigorous training in research methods, (2) the value of grounding field training in a participatory framework, and (3) the structure and aims of the field school training program. Our efforts promote mutual learning in a collaborative environment and the integration of teaching, research, and action.
Collaboration of Community and University Scholars: Training in the Transformation of Research for Community Development
Authors: Gragg Richard Schulterbrandt , Mitchell M. Miaisha , Usher Kareem M. , Schensul Stephen , Schensul Jean
Published: September 2015

Community-based Participatory Research (CBPR) provides a methodology that creates mutually beneficial and equitable partnerships between researchers and community people involved in positive change. Participatory Action Research (PAR) is rooted in trust, connectivity, and reciprocity to address issues and actions that remedy inequitable social, economic, and environmental problems arising from racism rooted in structural/political imbalances. In this paper, we discuss the Health Equity Alliance of Tallahassee (HEAT) and its affiliated six week Ethnographic Field School that trains graduate students in CBPR methodology by bringing faculty, local community activists and stakeholders, and students together for mutual learning in dynamic classroom, community, and social settings. The paper offers reflections on the experience by a student, HEAT activist, local and visiting faculty, and demonstrate how a model field school based on PAR offers an empirical approach to building capacity to address power inequities in local settings and beyond.
AVALIAÇÃO DA CAPACITAÇÃO E SATISFAÇÃO DE CHEFES DE COZINHA EM UNIDADES PRODUTORAS DE REFEIÇÕES LOCALIZADAS NA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: De Mello Aline Veroneze , Da Cruz Daniele Lima , Nogueira Luana Romão , Facincani Walleska Luctke , Matias Andrea Carvalheiro Guerra , Spinelli Mônica Glória Neumann , De Abreu Edeli Simioni
Published: September 2015

A qualificação profissional representa o conjunto de habilidades e requisitos necessários para o exercício de uma função, e, para o seu bom desempenho, um fator determinante é o grau de satisfação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a formação e nível de satisfação de chefes de cozinha. Foi realizado um estudo transversal por intermédio da aplicação de questionário. A maioria dos chefes de cozinha apresenta ensino médio completo (61%), e 89% declararam receber treinamento no próprio estabelecimento de trabalho. Todavia, a maioria dos chefes (66%) declarou que não há periodicidade pré-definida para o treinamento, sendo realizado “quando necessário”. Quanto à motivação para o trabalho, 61%, declararam “gostar do que faz”, sendo que a maioria manifestou satisfação pela profissão (89%). Dentre as principais dificuldades relatadas para o exercício da função destacaram-se o cansaço físico, o trabalho desgastante, as altas temperaturas do ambiente da cozinha, carregar peso, e funcionários que faltam. A maioria dos chefes de cozinha valoriza o próprio trabalho e sente que é valorizado pelos outros (83%). Pode-se concluir que, de modo geral, os colaboradores estão satisfeitos com o exercício da função.
ANÁLISE DA OFERTA ALIMENTAR EM REFEIÇÕES DE UMA PRÉ-ESCOLA DA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Vieira Maria Carolina Henrique , Silva Gabriela Farinha da , Navarro Gabriela Sanches Périco , Mendonça Ana Isabel Furtado de , Spinelli Mônica Glória Neumann , Matias Andrea Guerra
Published: September 2015

O comportamento alimentar tem suas bases fixadas na infância. A qualidade e quantidade dos alimentos ingeridos pela criança são essenciais, uma vez que resultam em repercussões nas práticas alimentares, tendo a escola um papel determinante na construção desses hábitos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar qualitativamente e quantitativamente a refeição fornecida a alunos do ensino Infantil por uma escola privada da cidade de São Paulo. Para a avaliação da qualidade do cardápio mensal, foi aplicado o método de Avaliação Qualitativa das Preparações do Cardápio (AQPC) adaptado. Para quantificar o porcionamento per capita, foram considerados a quantidade de refeição servida e os alimentos colocados no prato em três dias. O consumo médio foi calculado descontando-se os restos. A qualidade do cardápio foi considerada adequada uma vez que foram fornecidos frutas, legumes e verduras todos os dias e não houve oferta de doces e sucos industrializados. O porcionamento médio foi de 248,81g per capita. Os restos representaram 20,75%. Concluiu-se que houve um índice de resto considerável, o que torna necessária a busca por medidas para a redução de desperdícios.
O ESTADO DA ARTE NA AMBIÊNCIA DA INTERNET: COMO ESTÁ A PRODUÇÃO SOBRE EDUCAÇÃO PERMANENTE DO ASSISTENTE SOCIAL?
Authors: Marcondes Nilsen Aparecida Vieira , Brisola Elisa Maria Andrade , Chamon Edna Maria Querido de Oliveira
Published: September 2015

A qualificação profissional no âmbito da docência, pesquisa e intervenção passa, necessariamente, pela educação permanente. Para elaboração deste “estado da arte” de natureza exploratória e descritiva, utilizou-se de categorias para análise, categorias estas representadas pelos seguintes descritores: “educação permanente”, “formação continuada”, “capacitação”, “reciclagem profissional”, “SUAS”, “NOB-RH/SUAS” e “serviço social”.  A abordagem se configura como bibliográfica e quanti-qualitativa. Nessa direção, analisou-se criticamente a literatura acerca da educação permanente do assistente social no contexto do Sistema Único de Assistência Social, após regulamentação da Norma Operacional Básica de Recursos Humanos. A tendência da produção científica demonstra que tematizar questões referentes à educação permanente vem se constituindo como um grande desafio.
MODERN APPROACH TO CARIES PREVENTION AT THE POPULATION LEVEL
Authors: Родионова Анастасия , Rodionova Anastasia , Каменова Татьяна , Kamenova Tatiana , Афонина Ирина , Afonina Irina , Хмызова Тамара , Hmizova Tamara , Оганян Валентина , Oganian Valentina
Published: September 2015

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease and the quality of oral hygiene has high influence on development of dental caries. Knowing that dental caries is a dynamic and reversible process led to the development of new technologies that can detect caries at its earliest stages (before the formation of the cavity), for its prompt treatment and prevention. 70 years of fluoride usage for prevention dental caries showed their reliability and ability to participate in the remineralization of hard tooth tissues. At the same time efficiency of fluoride is reduced under acidic conditions of dental plaque (in case of a poor oral hygiene). Daily oral hygiene with usage of a paste with 1.5% arginine, 1450 ppm of fluoride and calcium bicarbonate will help to stop the development of dental caries and reduce the risk of the new carious cavities appearance even in conditions of low level of oral hygiene.
Conteúdo de marca e entretenimento: narrativas híbridas
Authors: Covaleski Rogério Luiz
Published: September 2015

A pesquisa observa estratégias narrativas presentes em discursos publicitários contemporâneos nos quais se hibridizam o Conteúdo de Marca – Branded Content – e o Entretenimento. Partindo do conceito de Publicidade Híbrida, que contempla quatro elementos constituintes – capacidade de persuasão, viés entretivo, nível de interação e estímulo ao compartilhamento – essa reflexão analisa a hibridização publicitária do social film “The Beauty Inside”, quanto à visibilidade propiciada às marcas anunciantes, ao engajamento do público e à efetividade dos resultados.
Seroprevalence of Streptococcus suis in Tibetan pigs in Tibet, China
Authors: LAN AYanfang , SHANG B Peng , LI Jiakui , CHAMBA Yangzom
Published: September 2015

To investigate the seroprevalence of Streptococcus suis (S. suis) in Tibetan Pigs on Tibetan plateau of China, a total of 454 serum samples were collected from December 2014 to January 2015 and analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Streptococcus antibodies. The seroprevalence was found to be 61.79% (95% CI 55.4-67.9), 57.81% (95% CI 50.5-64.9) and 62.50% (95% CI 35.4-84.8) in Tibetan counties of Nyingchi, Mainling and Gongbo'gvamda respectively; and 61.34% (95% CI 54.1-68.2) of females and 59.23 % (95% CI 53.0-65.3) of males were found to be positive for S. suis. These findings suggested a high seroprevalence of S. suis in Tibet pigs triggering a public concern.
Effects of deltamethrin on some haematological parameters of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario)
Authors: Karatas* Tayfun
Published: September 2015

This study was to assess the effects of deltamethrin on some haematological parameters of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario). During the 4 day, 10 brown trout were exposed to two different concentrations of Deltamethrin which they were 20% (0.91 mg·L-1) and 40% (1.88 mg·L-1) respectively, (LC50=4.7 mg·L-1). The results obtained from this study showed that the White Blood Cell (WBC), Hemoglobin content (Hb), Hematocrit percentage (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) were decreased in two treated groups when compared to the control (p less than 0.05). However, the number of Red Blood Cell (RBC) increased in deltamethrin treated fish (p less than 0.05). Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) values were insignificant when compared to control group (p greater than 0.05).
Employing ultrahigh-frequency RFID technology on deer farm managment
Authors: Hsiao-Mei*1 Liang , Chih-Hua Wang , Shann-Ren Kang , Yan-Der2 Hsuuw , Kuo-Hsiang1 Hung
Published: September 2015

This project uses ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) ear tags and readers with a readable range of 3 to 5 m. Forty stags were tagged with radio-frequency identification (RFID) ear tags and allocated into 20 pens. When deer with RFID ear tags walked through the aisle, handheld RFID readers, used as personal digital assistants (PDAs), and stationary RFID readers in frequency range received signals from the tags, and individual deer tag data were transmitted immediately and completely through wireless PDAs to a computer. The inputted data were sent to the deer-farm management system to be collated and organized. Farmers obtained individual deer data without approaching the deer, which decreased the risk of the deer attacking. Employing UHF-RFID technology integrated with software contributes to enhancing the efficiency of deer identification and farm management.
Path coefficient and path analysis of body weight and biometric traits in indigenous goats
Authors: Norris David , Brown David , Moela Abram K. , Selolo Tlou C. , Mabelebele Monnye , Ngambi Jones W. , Tyasi Thobela L.
Published: September 2015

The study was conducted in Sekhukhune District of the Limpopo province, South Africa where the goats between the ages of 20 and 30 months were used. A total of 613 indigenous goats of both sexes (62 male and 551 female) were selected and body weight and four morphological traits were taken on each goat in the morning before they were released for grazing. Means, standard deviations (SD) and coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated. Pair wise correlations among body weight and morphological traits were also determined which ranged from 0.81-0.91 for male and 0.72-0.89 for female goats, respectively and were statistically significant (P
Genetic parameters among lactational performance traits in Murrah buffaloes
Authors: Godara A. , Singh D. , Dhaka S. S.
Published: September 2015

The data pertinent to lactational performance traits on Murrah buffaloes calved during period 1987 to 2002, progeny of 52 sires maintained at Buffalo Research Centre, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar were considered. The estimates of heritability were obtained low to moderate for almost all lactational performance traits. All the first lactation traits viz., AC1, SP, CI, MY, LL, PY, DAPY and MY/LL had moderate to high positive genetic correlations among themselves except PY with CI and DAPY with AC1, which is negative. Age at calving (AC2) had moderate positive genetic correlation with second lactational performance traits like SP, MY, LL, PY, MY/LL and MY/CI and had negative correlations with DAPY and DP. Moreover, third lactational traits like milk yield, LL, PY, DAPY, MY/LL and MY/CI had high positive genetic correlations among themselves. However, age at calving during fourth lactation had positive genetic correlations with all the traits except CI, DAPY and DP which had negative genetic correlations with it. It is inferred that information on sip performance and other relatives coupled with better husbandry practices would be required to bring desirable improvement in these lactational performance traits.
Polymorphism analysis of three Chinese indigenous sheep breeds by microsatellite markers
Authors: Bai Jun Yan , Yang You Bing , Wang Yu Qin , Zhang Xiao Hui , Pang You Zhi
Published: September 2015

In this study, six microsatellite markers were adopted to detect the genetic diversity and analyze the genetic distance of three Chinese indigenous sheep breeds. The results showed that 161 alleles were detected in the three breeds of sheep populations, and the average effective number of alleles, the average polymorphism information content (PIC) of six microsatellite markers in fat-tailed sheep, small tailed han-sheep, Yuxi fat-tailed sheep were 5.8844, 6.3103, 4.8017 and 0.7463, 0.7790, 0.7140 respectively. Five markers were highly polymorphic except marker ILSTS011 which gave moderate polymorphic. Except markers OarFCB48, OarFCB304 and BL1038, the other three microsatellite markers deviated significantly from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (P
Study on ages at first mating and calving of Murrah buffaloes in hot and humid climate of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Thiruvenkadan A. K. , Panneerselvam S. , Murali N.
Published: September 2015

Data on ages at first mating and first calving of Murrah buffaloes to identify the effect of various non-genetic factors on these traits. Period and season were the fixed environmental effects considered for both the traits studied. The overall least-squares means for ages at first mating and calving were 1222.3 ± 11.0 and 1578.7 ± 20.3 days respectively. Period had highly significant (Pe at first calving with peak yield, days to attain peak yield, 305-day milk yield, lactation length, lactation milk yield, milk yield per day of lactation, service period, calving interval, dry period and number of services per conception were -0.214 ± 0.32, 0.013 ± 0.31, 0.089 ± 0.33, 0.584 ± 0.47, 0.166 ± 0.35, -0.177 ± 0.30, 0.576 ± 0.53, 0.563 ± 0.55, 0.276 ± 0.49 and 0.944 ± 0.83 respectively. The study revealed that the ages at first mating and calving observed in Murrah buffaloes at coastal region of Tamil Nadu is comparable to those reported in its breeding tract and elsewhere in India. A negative genetic correlation between age at first calving and milk yield per day of lactation indicated that the selection based on milk yield per day of lactation would lead to reduction in age at first calving with consequent increase of milk yield per day of lactation in future generations.
Molecular characterization and polymorphism detection in HSPB6 gene in Sahiwal cattle
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Gupta I.D. , Verma Archana , Verma Nishant , Magotra Ankit , Vineeth M.R.
Published: September 2015

The present study was undertaken with the objectives of molecular characterization and detection of genetic polymorphisms in the HSPB6 gene of Sahiwal cattle. A total of 100 Sahiwal cattle maintained at LRC, NDRI, Karnal (Haryana) were included in the study. HSPB6 gene has been mapped on Bos taurus autosome 18 (BTA 18) and spans nearly 2620 bp comprising 3 exons and 2 introns. Four sets of forward and reverse gene-specific oligonucleotide primers of HSPB6 gene were designed using Primer3 software and amplicon size of 529 bp, 460 bp, 670 bp and 502 bp were ascertained. On the basis of comparative sequence analysis, total three polymorphic loci (SNPs) were detected at locus G436A, A2152G and A2417T in HSPB6 gene as compare to Bos taurus (NCBI GenBank AC_000175.1). Out of these three SNPs, two (A2152G and A2417T) were found in 3´-UTR region and third one (G436A) was detected in intronic region 1. However, monomorphic pattern was found in exon 2 of HSPB6 gene in Sahiwal cattle. Further research need be directed to find out the association of allelic variants in major heat shock protein genes to establish markers for the future genetic improvement of livestock through marker assisted selection.
Application of neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to predict subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle
Authors: Mammadova Nazira M. , Keskin Ismail
Published: September 2015

Mastitis is an important problem, while I guess AI is a possible solution to detect subclinical mastitis in Holstein cows milked with automatic milking systems. Mastitis alerts were generated via ANN and ANFIS model with the input data of lactation rank (current lactation number), milk yield, electrical conductivity, average milking duration and season. The output variable was somatic cell counts obtained from milk samples collected monthly throughout the 15 months of the sampling period. Cattle were judged healthy or infected based on somatic cell counts. This study undertook a detailed scrutiny of ANN, and ANFIS AI methodology; constructed and examined models for each; and chose optimal methods based on that examination. The two mastitis detection models were evaluated as to sensitivity, specificity and error rate. The ANN model yielded 80% sensitivity, 91% specificity, and 64% error and the ANFIS, 55%, 91% and 35%. These results suggest the ANN model is better predictor of subclinical mastitis than ANN based on Z-test (the hypothesis control for the difference between rates). AI models such as these are useful tools in the development of mastitis detection models. Prediction error rates can be decreased through the use of more informative parameters.
Effectiveness of levamisole and tarantula cubensis extract in the treatment of teat Papillomatosis of cows
Authors: Paksoy Zahid , Gülesci Nuri , Kandemir Fatih Mehmet , Dinçel Güngör Çagdas
Published: September 2015

Papillomatosis is widespread in cattle and is often observed on the skin of udders. For treatment, anthelmintic, immunomodulator and homeopathic drugs are administered. The objective of the study was to examine the therapeutic effect of levamisole and tarantula cubensis extract in the treatment of papilloma observed in the teats of cows. Sixteen Holstein cows between the age of 2-3 years were used as study material. The cows with Papillomatosis were randomly assigned into two equal groups. The animals in the first group (n=8) were treated with intramuscular double doses of levamisole (5 mg/kg) applied one week apart. The second group of animals (n=8) was treated with two subcutaneous doses of 10 ml of Tarantula cubensis extract one week apart. Four animals in the first group recovered while 8 animals in the second group recovered. The total serum oxidant levels of the animals treated with Tarantula cubensis extract and levamisole on the 15th day was found to be significantly lower than the serum levels of same animals on day 0 of the treatment (P
Effect of foot and mouth disease on haematological and biochemical profile of cattle
Authors: Barkakati J. , Sarma S. , Kalita D. J.
Published: September 2015

Present study was undertaken to know certain haematological and serum profile in FMD affected and recovered cattle. The RBC count in FMD affected, recovered and apparently healthy group were 5.18±0.11, 5.50±0.13 and 5.68±0.10X106 /μl respectively. The RBC count was found to be decreased significantly (Plood glucose concentration in FMD affected group (47.58±2.28 mg/dl) showed a significant (P9.63±1.68 mg/dl). The serum calcium was significantly (P/dl). From this study, it can be concluded that, FMD causes significant decrease of RBC count, total protein, albumin, BUN, calcium and significant increase of glucose.
Investigating Well Spacing and the Solvent-Aided Process
Authors: Miller Guindon Leah
Published: September 2015

The feasibility of using fewer wells in a steam-assisted-gravity-drainage (SAGD) project during solvent coinjection was investigated, which resulted in a field test showing that using a wider well spacing with a solvent-aided process (SAP) enhances production and reduces the steam/oil ratio (SOR). Compared with a steam-alone process or SAGD, fewer well pairs are required to drain a given reservoir pool.
Using PTA-Based Techniques in Minifracture Analysis in Oil Sands and Associated Caprocks
Authors: Miller Guindon Leah
Published: September 2015

Because of the Alberta Energy Regulator's minifractures test requirements on thermal or polymer-injection projects as part of the licensing process, a pressure-transient-analysis (PTA) based interpretation approach using field minifracture data can reduce the ambiguities and incorrect interpretations brought on by traditional approaches. Understanding that maximum operating injection pressure for injection wells has a significant impact on the economics of any given project, the study highlighted in this paper establishes a physics-based interpretation method that covers all injection/falloff minifracture tests.
FGF1 Mediates Overnutrition-Induced Compensatory β-Cell Differentiation
Authors: Li Mingyu , Page-McCaw Patrick , Chen Wenbiao
Published: September 2015

Increased insulin demand resulting from insulin resistance and/or overnutrition induces a compensatory increase in β-cell mass. The physiological factors responsible for the compensation have not been fully characterized. In zebrafish, overnutrition rapidly induces compensatory β-cell differentiation through triggering the release of a paracrine signal from persistently activated β-cells. We identified Fgf1 signaling as a key component of the overnutrition-induced β-cell differentiation signal in a small molecule screen. Fgf1 was confirmed as the overnutrition-induced β-cell differentiation signal, as inactivation of fgf1 abolished the compensatory β-cell differentiation. Furthermore, expression of human FGF1 solely in β-cells in fgf1−/− animals rescued the compensatory response, indicating that β-cells can be the source of FGF1. Additionally, constitutive secretion of FGF1 with an exogenous signal peptide increased β-cell number in the absence of overnutrition. These results demonstrate that fgf1 is necessary and FGF1 expression in β-cells is sufficient for the compensatory β-cell differentiation. We further show that FGF1 is secreted during prolonged activation of cultured mammalian β-cells and that endoplasmic reticulum stress acts upstream of FGF1 release. Thus, the recently discovered antidiabetes function of FGF1 may act partially through increasing β-cell differentiation.
The Metabolic Regulator Histone Deacetylase 9 Contributes to Glucose Homeostasis Abnormality Induced by Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Chen Jizheng , Wang Ning , Dong Mei , Guo Min , Zhao Yang , Zhuo Zhiyong , Zhang Chao , Chi Xiumei , Pan Yu , Jiang Jing , Tang Hong , Niu Junqi , Yang Dongliang , Li Zhong , Han Xiao , Wang Qian , Chen Xinwen
Published: September 2015

Class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs), such as HDAC4, HDAC5, and HDAC7, provide critical mechanisms for regulating glucose homeostasis. Here we report that HDAC9, another class IIa HDAC, regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis via deacetylation of a Forkhead box O (FoxO) family transcription factor, FoxO1, together with HDAC3. Specifically, HDAC9 expression can be strongly induced upon hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HCV-induced HDAC9 upregulation enhances gluconeogenesis by promoting the expression of gluconeogenic genes, including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase, indicating a major role for HDAC9 in the development of HCV-associated exaggerated gluconeogenic responses. Moreover, HDAC9 expression levels and gluconeogenic activities were elevated in livers from HCV-infected patients and persistent HCV-infected mice, emphasizing the clinical relevance of these results. Our results suggest HDAC9 is involved in glucose metabolism, HCV-induced abnormal glucose homeostasis, and type 2 diabetes.
American Diabetes Association and JDRF Research Symposium: Diabetes and the Microbiome
Authors: Semenkovich Clay F. , Danska Jayne , Darsow Tamara , Dunne Jessica L. , Huttenhower Curtis , Insel Richard A. , McElvaine Allison T. , Ratner Robert E. , Shuldiner Alan R. , Blaser Martin J.
Published: September 2015

From 27–29 October 2014, more than 100 people gathered in Chicago, IL, to participate in a research symposium titled “Diabetes and the Microbiome,” jointly sponsored by the American Diabetes Association and JDRF. The conference brought together international scholars and trainees from multiple disciplines, including microbiology, bioinformatics, endocrinology, metabolism, and immunology, to share the current understanding of host-microbe interactions and their influences on diabetes and metabolism. Notably, this gathering was the first to assemble specialists with distinct expertise in type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, immunology, and microbiology with the goal of discussing and defining potential pathophysiologies linking the microbiome and diabetes. In addition to reviewing existing evidence in the field, speakers presented their own original research to provide a comprehensive view of the current understanding of the topics under discussion.

Presentations and discussions throughout the conference reflected a number of important concepts. The microbiota in any host represent a complex ecosystem with a high degree of interindividual variability. Different microbial communities, comprising bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, occupy separate niches in and on the human body. Individually and collectively, these microbes provide benefits to the host—including nutrient harvest from food and protection against pathogens. They are dynamically regulated by both host genes and the environment, and they critically influence both physiology and lifelong health. The objective of the symposium was to discuss the relationship between the host and the microbiome—the combination of microbiota and their biomolecular environment and ecology—specifically with regard to metabolic and immunological systems and to define the critical research needed to understand and potentially target the microbiome in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. In this report, we present meeting highlights in the following areas: 1) relationships between diabetes and the microbiome, 2) bioinformatic tools, resources, and study design considerations, 3) microbial programming of the immune system, 4) the microbiome and energy balance, 5) interventions, and 6) limitations, unanswered questions, and resource and policy needs.
Association between methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius carriage and the development of surgical site infections following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs
Authors: Nazarali Alim , Singh Ameet , Moens Noel M. M. , Gatineau Matthieu , Sereda Colin , Fowler David , Kim Stanley E. , Kisiel Agatha , Reynolds Debbie , Ringwood Brendon R. , Bruce Charles W. , Gibson Thomas W. G. , Rousseau Joyce , Weese J. Scott
Published: September 2015

Objective—To evaluate the association between preoperative carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) and the development of surgical site infections (SSIs) following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs.

Design—Prospective multicenter study.

Animals—549 dogs.

Procedures—At 7 veterinary hospitals, swab specimens were obtained from the pharynx, nares, rectum, and skin of dogs admitted for TPLO. Specimens were submitted for culture of MRSP. For each dog, information regarding preoperative and postoperative antimicrobial administration, comorbidities, contact with other dogs, and whether the dog developed an SSI was obtained. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify variables associated with preoperative and postoperative MRSP colonization and the development of an SSI.

Results—Of the 549 study dogs, 24 (4.4%) were identified as MRSP carriers before TPLO and 37 (6.7%) developed an SSI after TPLO. Bacteriologic culture was performed on specimens obtained from 32 of the 37 SSIs, and MRSP was isolated from 11 (34%). Carriers of MRSP (OR, 6.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.12 to 21.4) and Bulldogs (OR, 11.1; 95% CI, 2.07 to 59.3) were at risk for development of an SSI after TPLO, whereas postoperative administration of antimicrobials (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.91) appeared to protect against development of an SSI.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that carriage of MRSP were a risk factor for development of an SSI after TPLO and measures to rapidly identify and treat MRSP carriers are warranted. Postoperative administration of antimicrobials protected against development of an SSI after TPLO.
Subcutaneous ureteral bypass device for treatment of iatrogenic ureteral ligation in a kitten
Authors: Johnson Caitlin M. , Culp William T. N. , Palm Carrie A. , Zacuto Alyse C.
Published: September 2015

Case Description—A 17-week-old spayed female Sphinx was evaluated after a 3-day history of inappetence, lethargy, and vomiting. Three weeks prior, the kitten had undergone routine elective ovariohysterectomy.

Clinical Findings—Abdominal ultrasonography revealed moderate hydronephrosis of the left kidney, and the left ureter was tortuous and dilated from the kidney to the level of the midureter, where it abruptly tapered. No discrete cause of obstruction could be identified. Clinicopathologic analyses revealed that the kitten was nonazotemic.

Treatment and Outcome—Exploratory laparotomy revealed that the distal portion of the left ureter was irregular with ill-defined margins and abundant scar tissue, likely secondary to iatrogenic ureteral ligation during the ovariohysterectomy (suture was not observed). Intraoperative antegrade pyelography confirmed complete left ureteral obstruction extending distally from the level of the midureter. A subcutaneous ureteral bypass device was placed to allow for renal decompression. No complications were encountered in the perioperative period, and the kitten recovered well after anesthesia. The kitten was discharged from the hospital 7 days after initial evaluation and continued to do well after surgery. At long-term follow-up, abdominal ultrasonography confirmed resolution of hydronephrosis and ureteral dilation.

Clinical Relevance—A subcutaneous ureteral bypass device successfully allowed renal decompression in a kitten with iatrogenic ureteral ligation. A subcutaneous ureteral bypass device may be an alternative to historical surgical options in cases of unilateral ureteral obstruction and may result in a good long-term outcome.