bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards an Intrinsic Relationship between Diffusion Coefficients and Microscopic Features of Cements ?
Authors: Lovera P. , Galle C. , Bescop P. Le
Published: May 2011

Long-term behavior of cemented waste packages requires the knowledge of water diffusion coefficients (water is supposed to be the main degradation agent, by solubilization of some chemical compounds). A simple modeling, based on the use of hydration code CEMHYD3D is proposed and validated for pure OPC pastes (sound or degraded) at mass ratio water / cement lying between 0.25 and 0.65. The nature of the porosity available for diffusion and the role of residual anhydrous compounds are discussed.
Determination of the Flow-Wetted Surface in Fractured Media
Authors: Moreno Luis , Svensson Erik , Neretnieks Ivars
Published: May 2011

Diffusion and sorption in the rock matrix are important retardation mechanisms in radionuclide transport in fractured media. The surface area in contact with the flowing water so called flow-wetted surface controls the interaction with the rock matrix. The flow-wetted surface, FWS, may be determined from the frequency of open fractures intersecting a borehole. The choice of the packer distance used in these hydraulic measurements is however crucial. If the packer distance is large, several open fractures may be found in the same packer interval. Analytical solutions and numerical calculations are used in order to address the determination of the flow-wetted surface from borehole data. The study is focused in two important aspects of the fieldwork, namely the distance used between the packers and b) the number of measurements that are required in order to obtain a accurate determination of the flow-wetted surface. A large volume of hydraulic data in Sweden obtained by using quite small packer distance is revised. The most usual packer distance was 3 meters. However, for some boreholes or sections of them even smaller packer distances were used. From these data, the flow-wetted surface was determined at several sites in Sweden. In some sites, the used packer distance was too large that no accurate determination of the flow-wetted surface could be done.
Cs Speciation in Cements
Authors: Hanna J. V. , Aldridge L. P. , Vance E. R.
Published: May 2011

Solid-state 133Cs magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) measurements have been used to investigate Cs speciation in cements designed for immobilizing low-level nuclear wastes. Cs in ordinary Portland cement cured for only 10 days at room temperature appears to only inhabit aqueous solutions, as evidenced by a sharp signal with no sidebands, whether or not substantial quantities of blast furnace slag or silica fume are present. No significant 133Cs spectral differences were observed when slag or silica fume were present for curing periods of 10 days, but differences due to Cs partly inhabiting crystalline sites instead of water solutions were observed after 12 months in the slag-containing cement. Pre- incorporation of Cs in various zeolites, followed by mixing the zeolites into the cement, leads to enhanced Cs retention in the cement when it is subject to water leaching at 25°C.
An Overview of the Crystal Chemistry, Durability, and Radiation Damage Effects of Natural Pyrochlore
Authors: Lumpkin G.R. , Ewing R.C. , Williams C.T. , Mariano A.N.
Published: May 2011

Numerous studies of pyrochlore group minerals have been completed over the previous 15 years, providing researchers in the field of nuclear waste disposal with a large body of data relevant to the behavior of these minerals in natural systems. The information obtained from studies of natural pyrochlore is applicable to the formulation of diverse waste form compositions and provides data for the assessment of the long-term behavior. Although resistant to dissolution, pyrochlore is subject to chemical alteration by ion exchange with hydrothermal fluids and low temperature ground water; however, Th and U are generally immobile and are retained in the structure. X-ray diffraction, TEM, EXAFS-XANES, and other techniques have been employed in studies of radiation damage. These studies reveal the classic sequence of damage microstructures with increasing dose and provide details about the structure of the amorphous state. Furthermore, the radiation damage studies are now complemented by data relating to the thermal histories of some of the host rocks.
Isotopic Fractionation of U in Rocks Reflecting Redox Conditions around a Groundwater Flow Route
Authors: Suksi Juhani , Rasilainen Kari
Published: May 2011

Abstract; Low234U/238U activity ratios observed in rock and mineral samples were scrutinized. U isotope fractionation leading to234U depletion (234U/238U<1) in rocks appears to be linked to changes in redox conditions. The fractionation takes place as selective chemical release dominates over direct physical μ recoil. This preferential234U release depends on the valence contrast between the U isotopes,238U occurring in +4 form and ingrown234U, due to oxidizing microenvironment, in +6 form. Observed U isotopic fractionation combined with other uranium series disequilibrium measurements provides a tool for locating redox fronts formed as a result low temperature rock-groundwater interaction.
Anti-Inflammatory, Antipyretic and Antioxidant Effect of Some Medicinal Plant Extracts
Authors: Atta Attia H. , Kenawy Sanaa , Awaad Amani , El-Melegy Reham
Published: May 2011

The anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antioxidant effect of the methanol extract of Alhgi maurorum, Conyza dioscoridis and Convolvulus fatmensis was investigated. The anti-inflammatory effect was studied using carageenan-induced rat paw edema, while the antipyretic effect was estimated using Brewer's yeast-induced hyperpyrexia in rats. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity method of different concentrations of the plant extracts using ascorbic acid as a standard antioxidant. The results revealed that oral administration of Alhgi maurorum and Convolvulus fatmensis at 1 g/ kg exhibited anti-inflammatory effect comparable to the standard diclofenac sodium (0.03 g/kg). The anti-inflammatory effect of Conyza dioscoridis appeared at lower doses 0.5g/kg. In all cases the maximum effect was obtained 2h after administration. None of the tested plant extracts showed antipyretic effect. The tested plant extracts showed variable degrees of antioxidant activity. Conyza dioscoridis showed the highest antioxidant effect (91.14%) and Alhgi maurorum has the least (28.78%) compared to the standard ascorbic acid (87.8%).
Diazoxide-Unresponsive Congenital Hyperinsulinism in Children With Dominant Mutations of the β-Cell Sulfonylurea Receptor SUR1
Authors: MacMullen Courtney M. , Zhou Qing , Snider Kara E. , Tewson Paul H. , Becker Susan A. , Aziz Ali Rahim , Ganguly Arupa , Shyng Show-Ling , Stanley Charles A.
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE

Congenital hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia is a group of genetic disorders of insulin secretion most commonly associated with inactivating mutations of the β-cell ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP channel) genes ABCC8 (SUR1) and KCNJ11 (Kir6.2). Recessive mutations of these genes cause hyperinsulinism that is unresponsive to treatment with diazoxide, a channel agonist. Dominant KATP mutations have been associated with diazoxide-responsive disease. We hypothesized that some medically uncontrollable cases with only one KATP mutation might have dominant, diazoxide-unresponsive disease.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Mutations of the KATP genes were identified by sequencing genomic DNA. Effects of mutations on KATP channel function in vitro were studied by expression in COSm6 cells.

RESULTS

In 15 families with diazoxide-unresponsive diffuse hyperinsulism, we found 17 patients with a monoallelic missense mutation of SUR1. Nine probands had de novo mutations, two had an affected sibling or parent, and four had an asymptomatic carrier parent. Of the 13 different mutations, 12 were novel. Expression of mutations revealed normal trafficking of channels but severely impaired responses to diazoxide or MgADP. Responses were significantly lower compared with nine SUR1 mutations associated with dominant, diazoxide-responsive hyperinsulinism.

CONCLUSIONS

These results demonstrate that some dominant mutations of SUR1 can cause diazoxide-unresponsive hyperinsulinism. In vitro expression studies may be helpful in distinguishing such mutations from dominant mutations of SUR1 associated with diazoxide-responsive disease.
Kolmogorov-Smirnov isometries and affine automorphisms of spaces of distribution functions
Authors: Molnár Lajos
Published: April 2011

In this paper we describe the structure of surjective isometries of the spaces of all absolutely continuous, singular, or discrete probability distribution functions on R equipped with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov metric. We also study the structure of affine automorphisms of the space of all distribution functions.
On the Heegaard genus of contact 3-manifolds
Authors: Ozbagci Burak
Published: April 2011

It is well-known that the Heegaard genus is additive under connected sum of 3-manifolds. We show that the Heegaard genus of contact 3-manifolds is not necessarily additive under contact connected sum. We also prove some basic properties of the contact genus (a.k.a. open book genus [Rubinstein J.H., Comparing open book and Heegaard decompositions of 3-manifolds, Turkish J. Math., 2003, 27(1), 189–196]) of 3-manifolds, and compute this invariant for some 3-manifolds.
On the deformed squeezed states on noncommutative plane
Authors: Liu Hong-ling , Guo Guang-Jie
Published: April 2011

A new kind of deformed boson operators is proposed to be consistent with the large noncommutativity parameters on noncommutative plane when noncommutativity of momentum spaces is considered. Using this kind of deformed boson operators, the coherent states and squeezed states are constructed, and their properties are discussed in detail.
Mathematical model for a Herschel-Bulkley fluid flow in an elastic tube
Authors: Vajravelu Kuppalapalle , Sreenadh Sreedharamalle , Devaki Palluru , Prasad Kerehalli
Published: April 2011

The constitution of blood demands a yield stress fluid model, and among the available yield stress fluid models for blood flow, the Herschel-Bulkley model is preferred (because Bingham, Power-law and Newtonian models are its special cases). The Herschel-Bulkley fluid model has two parameters, namely the yield stress and the power law index. The expressions for velocity, plug flow velocity, wall shear stress, and the flux flow rate are derived. The flux is determined as a function of inlet, outlet and external pressures, yield stress, and the elastic property of the tube. Further when the power-law index n = 1 and the yield stress τ
0 → 0, our results agree well with those of Rubinow and Keller [J. Theor. Biol. 35, 299 (1972)]. Furthermore, it is observed that, the yield stress and the elastic parameters (t
1 and t
2) have strong effects on the flux of the non-Newtonian fluid flow in the elastic tube. The results obtained for the flow characteristics reveal many interesting behaviors that warrant further study on the non-Newtonian fluid flow phenomena, especially the shear-thinning phenomena. Shear thinning reduces the wall shear stress.
The role of auxins in somatic embryogenesis of Abies alba
Authors: Vondráková Zuzana , Eliášová Kateřina , Fischerová Lucie , Vágner Martin
Published: April 2011

The somatic embryogenesis of conifers is a process susceptible to exogenous phytohormonal treatments. We report the effects of the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and the auxin inhibitor p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB) on the endogenous level of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and on the anatomical composition of early somatic embryos of Abies alba (European silver fir). The embryogenic suspensor mass (ESM) of Abies alba proliferated on a medium supplemented by 2,4-D as well as on an auxin-free medium. The endogenous level of IAA was significantly higher in the ESM cultivated on a medium supplemented by 2,4-D. The decrease in the endogenous level of IAA in the first week of maturation is one of the most important stimuli responsible for the subsequent development of embryos. However, suppression of IAA synthesis by an auxin inhibitor did not stimulate the development of embryos. The maturation of somatic embryos from the globular to the cotyledonary stage occurs when the concentration of endogenous auxin in the ESM (including the embryos) increases. Early somatic embryos proliferating on a medium supplemented by auxin had an increased probability of maturing successfully. Exogenous auxin treatment during maturation did not compensate for the auxin deficiency during proliferation.
The State Policy and The Identity of the National Minorities in Slovakia in 20th Century
Authors: Pekár Martin
Published: April 2011

The State Policy and The Identity of the National Minorities in Slovakia in 20th Century

Significant role in forming the identity of national and ethnic minorities is played by the living conditions provided by the country in which these minorities live. The following contribution outlines the possible ways of developing the ethnic national consciousness and identity on the territory of Slovakia during the 20th century from the perspective of the selected elements of the state policy. It focuses on national minorities in relation to such aspects of the state policy as the governmental structure of the country, legislative regulation of the minority rights, institutional protection of minorities, language and education policy and the status of minorities in the media. We can hardly speak about the continuity or the basic pattern of the state minority policy for the years 1918 - 1989. Throughout this period, basically incompatible political systems altered in Slovakia. Each of those systems tried to solve the minority issue taking its own interests, needs, ideological concepts and respective circumstances of the period into consideration. However, no political system settled the minority issue in a way and under such conditions, so that it could become the basis for the minority policy of the present Slovak Republic.
Greek Catholic Metropolitan Church sui iuris in Slovakia and Greek Catholic Church in the Czech Republic within the Current Catholic Canon Law
Authors: Čitbaj František
Published: April 2011

Greek Catholic Metropolitan Church sui iuris in Slovakia and Greek Catholic Church in the Czech Republic within the Current Catholic Canon Law

This article treats of new situation of Greek Catholic metropolitan church sui iuris in Slovakia, by describing its historical development. It is describing terms of Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches as tradition, ceremony and church sui iuris. It is also about institutes typical for metropolitan churches, which are the following: the institute of metropolitan, council of hierarch and also convention of metropolitan church sui iuris.
Presentation of the Preaching Activity in the Greek-Catholic Church in Slovakia
Authors: Petrík Ľubomír
Published: April 2011

Presentation of the Preaching Activity in the Greek-Catholic Church in Slovakia

The author of the article Presentation of the Preaching Activity in the Greek-Catholic Church in Slovakia offers the view on the current preaching activity of the Greek-Catholic clergy in Slovakia. He states, it is in complete union with the Documents of the Catholic Church of which the Greek-Catholic Church is an integral part. The most used form of preaching among the Greek-Catholic priests is the homily. The author also focuses on some specifics of the preaching activity in the Greek-Catholic Church.
Online Visualization of 3D City Model Using CityGML and X3DOM
Authors: Mao Bo , Ban Yifang
Published: April 2011

This article proposes a novel framework for online visualization of 3D city models. CityGML is used to represent the city models, based on which 3D scenes in X3D are generated, then dynamically updated to the user side with AJAX and visualized in WebGL-supported browsers with X3DOM. The experimental results show that the proposed framework can easily be implemented using widely supported major browsers and can efficiently support online visualization of 3D city models in small areas. For the visualization of large volumes of data, generalization methods and multiple-representation data structure should be studied in future research.
Quality Analysis of OpenStreetMap Data Based on Application Needs
Authors: Mondzech Juliane , Sester Monika
Published: April 2011

More volunteered geographic information is becoming available; if this information is to be exploited, its quality must be known. This study evaluates the quality of OpenStreetMap data with respect to its “fitness for use” (i.e., its suitability for a certain application), specifically pedestrian navigation. The quality of the data is determined by comparing simulated routes on two networks; one data set is from OSM, and the other is the German topographic data set, ATKIS. Both accessibility and length of routes are used as quality criteria. The two data sets are tested using three different test scenarios in Germany.
The Possibilities for Functionality Research on Interactive Internet Maps
Authors: Balciunas Andrius
Published: April 2011

While the need of interactive Internet maps to solve geographical tasks in society is urgently growing and the technologies are constantly improving, research on user interfaces is one tool that can ensure the application of effective functionality, and thus improve the quality of communication. This article introduces and analyses four classic functionality research techniques (monitoring, examination, feedback registration, and experiment) drawn from the scientific literature and suggests two new research techniques (qualimetry and conversion) based on the author's research. The author suggests distinguishing four main indicators that in general would describe the weak and strong features of research techniques: length of research, costs of research organization, objective of research, and applicability of results. The principal aim of the analysis is to help define the most important advantages and disadvantages of functionality research techniques. The article first describes types of interactive maps and their function groups, then proceeds to the analysis of the six suggested functionality research techniques.
Cartographic Quality Issues for View Services in Geoportals
Authors: Harrie Lars , Mustière Sébastien , Stigmar Hanna
Published: April 2011

Following the INSPIRE directive, several countries are now setting up geoportals. These geoportals have view services that offer new opportunities for users to easily display rich and personalized geographic data. However, they also raise new challenges. One challenge is the absence of the traditional cartographer, which sets requirements for the development of automatic methods that optimize the presentation of the data. This article discusses five issues for the improvement of map presentation—semantics, geometries, levels of detail, labels, and symbols—and reviews some related methods. The development of this type of method is essential for the success of view services in the future.
Domestic Services in a “Land of Equality”: The Case of Sweden
Authors: Calleman Catharina
Published: April 2011

Pendant environ deux générations, le travail domestique rémunéré était très rare en Suède et la disparition du travail domestique des ménages privés était largement considérée comme importante du point de vue de l’égalité. Toutefois, pendant les deux dernières décennies, la demande de services ménagers a augmenté en raison du déclin des services sociaux et institutionnels et des écarts salariaux grandissants. Au même moment, la mondialisation, surtout l’élargissement de l'Union européenne, a ouvert l'accès à la main-d’œuvre de pays où les salaires sont considérablement plus bas qu'en Suède.

Le présent article décrit le contexte historique de la réglementation qu'on trouve aujourd'hui sur le travail domestique rémunéré en Suède. La gestion actuelle du travail domestique rémunéré y est ensuite analysée en tenant compte de la façon dont elle cause des inégalités et de la diversité par l'intermédiaire de la déréglementation, de l'individualisation et de la privatisation. De plus, la réglementation existant en Suède fait l'objet de discussion du point de vue des droits et de l'accès à la justice, à partir de certains éléments clés de la Convention proposée de l'Organisation internationale du travail.

La réglementation et la protection du travail domestique améliorent les conditions de travail à court terme, mais l'auteure croit que la façon d’éliminer à long terme les inégalités et la vulnérabilité doit reposer sur la collectivisation des tâches ménagères et aussi sur le partage égal de ces tâches entre hommes et femmes. Cependant, ces changements doivent comprendre des choix de société plus larges, y compris de généreuses ressources pour offrir de bonnes garderies publiques, des services sociaux et des soins de santé, des congés parentaux partagés entre hommes et femmes, ainsi que l’égalité entre les sexes en ce qui a trait à la rémunération et aux règlements de l'impôt sur le revenu. Enfin, chaque personne physiquement apte à faire du ménage devrait s'en occuper elle-même.
Regulating Migrant Domestic Work in the Netherlands: Opportunities and Pitfalls
Authors: van Walsum Sarah
Published: April 2011

Aux Pays-Bas, les travailleuses domestiques migrantes font actuellement campagne sur plusieurs fronts pour avoir davantage de droits, pour que leurs droits soient mieux protégés en tant que travailleurs, pour réclamer l'aide sociale, et pour le droit de résider et de travailler aux Pays-Bas. Depuis 2006, elles reçoivent l'appui des syndicats néerlandais. Bien que les soins à domicile et les services ménagers aux Pays-Bas suivent traditionnellement la ligne de faille fondée sur le sexe et qui démarque la main-d'œuvre payée et non payée, on accorde davantage de place aux autres lignes de faille qui distinguent les citoyens des étrangers, et le groupe ethnique dominant des minorités ethniques. Pour assurer le succès d'une campagne menée en collaboration avec les travailleuses domestiques migrantes sans papier et les syndicats néerlandais, il faudra réconcilier les besoins et les désirs d'un groupe de plus en plus divers de travailleuses. Dans le présent article, l'auteure décrit les intérêts divergents, les possibilités de collaboration et les contraintes politiques qui marquent la situation actuelle des travailleuses domestiques aux Pays-Bas, qu'elles soient migrantes ou de souche. Les propositions actuelles pour revoir la loi sur l'immigration aux Pays-Bas peuvent non seulement inspirer une campagne concertée visant à améliorer la situation de toutes ces travailleuses, mais aussi soulever de nouveaux défis. Pour arriver à donner du travail décent à toutes les travailleuses domestiques, il faudra éventuellement chercher au-delà de l'horizon national, en tentant à distribuer plus équitablement les soins, de protéger la main-d'œuvre et d'assurer des avantages sociaux à toutes les travailleuses à l'échelle mondiale.
Decent Work for Domestic Workers: Reflections on Recent Approaches to Tackle Informality
Authors: Tomei Manuela
Published: April 2011

Depuis les deux dernières décennies, on assiste dans le monde entier, à une recrudescence du travail domestique, typiquement « féminin » et déprécié, synonyme de travail informel et mal payé. Parmi les tentatives récentes pour réduire la fréquence du travail domestique informel, on a simplifié les mécanismes de paiement pour les employeurs, créé des avantages fiscaux (p. ex., avec des crédits d'impôt) et « industrialisé » le travail domestique (p. ex., en fondant des entreprises autorisées qui fournissent des services domestiques dans les foyers).

Dans le présent article, l'auteure se demande si un engagement croissant de l'État et du marché dans la réglementation et l'offre de services domestiques permet d'assurer des conditions décentes aux travailleuses domestiques et de corriger la dévalorisation historique de leur travail. En partant d'expériences menées en Belgique, en France, dans le canton de Genève en Suisse et au Brésil, l'article démontre que l'on peut aider à réglementer le travail domestique occasionnel et à temps partiel, mais qu'on réussit moins à régulariser les heures de travail et les revenus, à lutter contre l'isolement des travailleuses domestiques et à leur donner la possibilité d'améliorer leurs habiletés et leurs compétences. Les employées des entreprises à but non lucratif bénéficient de meilleures conditions de travail en Belgique et en France. Au Brésil, le fait de simplifier les mécanismes de paiement diminue l'informalité du travail quand cela s'accompagne de la reconnaissance juridique des garanties d'emploi pour les travailleuses domestiques, au même titre que les autres travailleurs, et d'un salaire minimum obligatoire. Cependant, on continue partout à qualifier le travail domestique de travail de femme, dénué de valeur et que n'importe qui peut faire.
“Sweeping Changes?” A Review of Recent Reforms on Protections for Migrant Domestic Workers in Asia and the Middle East
Authors: Varia Nisha
Published: April 2011

Des millions de femmes émigrent vers l'Asie et le Moyen-Orient pour gagner leur vie comme travailleuses domestiques. Dans les pays d'accueil, la combinaison de graves lacunes dans les lois sur le travail, de mesures visant à restreindre l'immigration et le fait que la société accepte la discrimination contre les travailleurs migrants, entraîne d'inquiétantes violations des droits de la personne, comme de trop longues heures sans congés, le non-versement du salaire, le confinement au lieu de travail, de mauvais traitements physiques, des sévices sexuels, du travail forcé et dans certains cas, des conditions d'esclavage. Bien que certains gouvernements aient commencé à améliorer peu à peu leurs normes, la plupart n'ont pas adopté de réformes globales. Un tel changement se bute souvent à une forte résistance chez les employeurs qui craignent une augmentation des coûts et une diminution de leurs droits, chez les agences de placement qui profitent d'un système mal réglementé, et chez les fonctionnaires gouvernementaux qui considèrent les migrants comme une menace à la sécurité. Les politiques fondées sur le sexe, la race, la classe sociale et l'origine nationale influencent ces négociations sur les droits de la personne. Le présent article examine des modèles de changement dans trois secteurs : les mesures de protection des travailleurs, les règlements concernant l'immigration et la mobilisation de la société civile. La plupart des pays ont compté sur la mise en place de contrats de travail standards pour régir les conditions d'emploi, au lieu d'inclure les travailleurs et travailleuses domestiques dans les lois sur le travail. Bien que l'on convienne de plus en plus qu'au Moyen-Orient, le système actuel de recrutement de travailleurs immigrés par « parrainage » contribue aux mauvais traitements, le changement advient lentement et graduellement. Sur une note plus favorable, on constate que malgré la lutte contre les restrictions à la liberté de mouvement et les lourdes contraintes imposées aux groupes de migrantes qui cherchent à s'organiser, ces derniers sont de plus en plus nombreux, diversifiés et raffinés.
The Pitfalls of Home: Protecting the Health and Safety of Paid Domestic Workers
Authors: Smith Peggie R.
Published: April 2011

Dans le présent article, il est question des stratégies et des difficultés inhérentes à l'amélioration de la santé et de la sécurité des travailleuses domestiques, particulièrement aux États-Unis. Contrairement à l'idée répandue selon laquelle le foyer est un endroit sûr, les travailleuses domestiques doivent livrer une dure bataille pour convaincre le législateur et les responsables des orientations politiques que leur travail présente des risques pour la santé et la sécurité. Ce n'est pas parce que les domestiques travaillent dans une maison qu'elles sont protégées contre les blessures et les maladies professionnelles. Cependant, il devient compliqué d’établir une réglementation efficace dans ce domaine à cause de la nature solitaire du travail, étroitement associé au travail non payé des femmes à la maison, et parce qu'il est exécuté derrière des portes closes dans l'intimité des foyers. L'auteure évalue la pertinence de ces préoccupations et de quelques autres concernant les mesures qui visent à promouvoir la santé et la sécurité au travail pour les travailleuses domestiques employées directement par des particuliers dans les maisons, ainsi que pour les travailleuses domestiques employées par des agences indépendantes.
L'administration et l'inspection du travail dans le domaine du travail domestique: les expériences de l'Amérique latine
Authors: Ruiz Maria Luz Vega
Published: April 2011

Labour inspection services play a fundamental role in enforcing labour legislation. Such mechanisms must be introduced in the domestic work field in Latin America. Recent regional developments in labour law with regard to these workers have not always been accompanied by rules ensuring this fundamental aspect, but the legislative approaches and practices adopted these last years in the region form an interesting first step. Much remains to be done to explore such fields as records, inspections/prior authorizations as well as safety and health control and training and public awareness-raising campaigns and the importance of control.
FORMALISM IN MUSIC AND LAW
Authors: Beever Allan
Published: April 2011

Though apparently dead and buried for decades, formalist approaches to law appear to be gaining ground within the academy. This advance, however, has been strongly resisted by proponents of the alternative, functionalist, view. To many of them, formalism seems open to devastating, and indeed obvious, criticisms. In this article, I argue that these criticisms are without force, as they are based on misunderstandings concerning the formalist project. I demonstrate this by comparison with formalist approaches to another subject matter: music. In that area, too, formalism initially faced considerable challenge, but it survived to become the dominant view. It is submitted that the popular criticisms of formalism examined herein are no barrier to a similar outcome for formalism with respect to law. In that way, this article is intended as a defence and celebration of the path-breaking work of Ernest Weinrib.
Critical behaviour of the MHD flow in convergent-divergent channels
Authors: Alam Md. Sarwar , Khan Md. Abdul Hakim
Published: May 2011

The effect of external Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) field on the steady two-dimensional nonlinear flow through Convergent-Divergent Channels of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid is investigated. We compute the critical behaviour of the solution govern by the equation. Our approach uses the power series in order to observe the instability of the problem. The series is then summed by using various generalizations of the approximants. We find the critical values of various parameters and type of the principal singularity for different choice of MHD effect.DOI: 10.3329/jname.v7i2.5635
Studies on Molecular Interactions of Some Electrolytes in Water by Volumetric and Viscometric Measurments at T= (303.15 to 323.15 K)
Authors: Kabiraz D. C. , Biswas T. K. , Islam M. N. , Huque M. E.
Published: May 2011

The viscosities and densities of potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, magnesium chloride, and magnesium nitrate have been measured at 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, 318.15 and 323.15 K in aqueous solution. The viscosity data were analyzed by using Jones–Dole equation. The values of apparent molar volume, limiting apparent molar volume have been evaluated from the density data. The results were interpreted in the light of ion–ion and ion–solvent interactions and of structural effects of the solutes in solution.Keywords: Density; Apparent molar volume; Viscosity; Jones–Dole equation.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v2i2.6288                J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 437-444 (2011)
Phenotypic Variations in Calligonum comosumL`Her (Polygonaceae) Grown in Al-Nefud Desert in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Taia W. K. , Moussa S. A. I.
Published: May 2011

Vegetative community structures and phenotypic variations within Calligonum comosum L`Her individuals grown in two different locations in Al-Nefud desert in Saudi Arabia; Nefud Al-Shakika and Al-Dahnaa, have been studied. Eleven species have been recorded in both areas; five of them were present in both locations. Ephedra elata and Convolvulus lanatus were recorded in Nefud Al-Shakika only. While Heliotropium bacciferum, Cleome arabica, Dodonaea viscosa and Erodium gleurocophyllum were found in Al-Dahnaa only. The importance values of the species recorded have been calculated and cluster analyses of the studied quadrates have been made using TWINSPAN method. Vegetative morphological characters showed great variations within C. comosum collected from the two locations. Floral morphological characters are more stable, except the fruit colour and hair which was different in the C. comosum plants grown in the two locations. Epidermal stem secretions as well as mineral contents varied in response to change in locations. ANOVA test have been carried out to evaluate the differences between the two areas. The variations in these characters are discussed according to the difference in climates, soil characters and water availability. Keywords: Phenotypic variation; Vegetative morphology; Fruit morphology; Pollen grains; Mineral contents; Al-Nefud- Al-Dahnaa. © 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.7010                 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 421-435 (2011)
Effects of Process Parameters on Ferrite Grain Size of Commercially Pure Iron
Authors: Islam M. A. , Sato N. , Tomota Y.
Published: May 2011

Besides the tremendous development of various materials, e.g. polymeric, ceramic, composites materials, etc. ferrous material is still the most important engineering material because of its many favorable properties. For ferrous alloys, grain size is very important as it directly influences the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the alloys. In this study the effects of various process parameters such as annealing temperature, holding time period during annealing and phosphorus (P) additions (0.11% and 0.21%) have been investigated. After annealing heat treatments at different temperatures for various time periods, the alloys were etched in nital to reveal the ferrite grain sizes and they were then observed in the optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experimental results revealed that annealing temperatures were more dominating over annealing time periods to control ferrite grain sizes and that after 0.11% P, more addition of phosphorus (e.g. 0.21%) was not found to influence ferrite grain sizes significantly under any annealing condition practiced in this study.Keywords: Pure iron; Fe-phosphorus alloys; Annealing; Ferrite grain; Grain refinement.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.7012                 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 311-319 (2011)
Study on Isolation and Identification of Salmonella and Escherichia coli from Different Poultry Feeds of Savar Region of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury A. , Iqbal A. , Uddin M. G. , Uddin M.
Published: May 2011

The study was conducted aiming at the isolation and identification of Salmonella and Escherichia coli (E. coli) from different brands of poultry feeds sold in Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Seven different poultry feeds were subjected to microbiological analysis. All these samples were analyzed by culturing in different media such as nutrient broth (NB), nutrient Agar (NA), SS Agar (Salmonella-Shigella Agar), BGA (brilliant-green Agar), Mac Conkey, DHL and EMB (eosin methylene blue) media. Total bacterial colonies of all the samples were counted separately on the nutrient Agar media. Hence, bacteria were counted as 9.5×105 in the feed sample C (Layer) which was found to be the highest in number among the poultry feeds. Total viable count (TVC) of Salmonella and E. coli in the feed samples were as 0 to 6.75×104 and 0 to 3.05×104 respectively.  Both organisms were found in 71.43% and 57.14% of the analyzed feed samples, respectively. The highest number of Salmonella was found in sample C (Layer) feeds and that of E. coli was found in sample B (Grower) feeds. The widespread occurrence of Salmonella and E. coli in poultry feeds reinforces the need for effective control measures, hygiene in processing and handling of feeds. Keywords: Salmonella; Escherichia coli; Poultry feeds; Total viable count; Contamination; Hygiene. © 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.7128                J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 403-411 (2011)
Phylogeny, adaptive radiation, and historical biogeography in Bromeliaceae: Insights from an eight‐locus plastid phylogeny
Authors: Givnish Thomas J. , Barfuss Michael H. J. , Van Ee Benjamin , Riina Ricarda , Schulte Katharina , Horres Ralf , Gonsiska Philip A. , Jabaily Rachel S. , Crayn Darren M. , Smith J. Andrew C. , Winter Klaus , Brown Gregory K. , Evans Timothy M. , Holst Bruce K. , Luther Harry , Till Walter , Zizka Georg , Berry Paul E. , Sytsma Kenneth J.
Published: May 2011

•Premise: Bromeliaceae form a large, ecologically diverse family of angiosperms native to the New World. We use a bromeliad phylogeny based on eight plastid regions to analyze relationships within the family, test a new, eight‐subfamily classification, infer the chronology of bromeliad evolution and invasion of different regions, and provide the basis for future analyses of trait evolution and rates of diversification.

•Methods: We employed maximum‐parsimony, maximum‐likelihood, and Bayesian approaches to analyze 9341 aligned bases for four outgroups and 90 bromeliad species representing 46 of 58 described genera. We calibrate the resulting phylogeny against time using penalized likelihood applied to a monocot‐wide tree based on plastidndhFsequences and use it to analyze patterns of geographic spread using parsimony, Bayesian inference, and the program S‐DIVA.

•Results: Bromeliad subfamilies are related to each other as follows: (Brocchinioideae, (Lindmanioideae, (Tillandsioideae, (Hechtioideae, (Navioideae, (Pitcairnioideae, (Puyoideae, Bromelioideae))))))). Bromeliads arose in the Guayana Shield ca. 100 million years ago (Ma), spread centrifugally in the New World beginning ca. 16–13 Ma, and dispersed to West Africa ca. 9.3 Ma. Modern lineages began to diverge from each other roughly 19 Ma.

•Conclusions: Nearly two‐thirds of extant bromeliads belong to two large radiations: the core tillandsioids, originating in the Andes ca. 14.2 Ma, and the Brazilian Shield bromelioids, originating in the Serro do Mar and adjacent regions ca. 9.1 Ma.
Influence of fire on a rare serpentine plant assemblage: A 5‐year study of Darlingtonia fens
Authors: Jules Erik S. , Ellison Aaron M. , Gotelli Nicholas J. , Lillie Sheilah , Meindl George A. , Sanders Nathan J. , Young Alison N.
Published: May 2011

• Premise of the study: Serpentine soils have attracted the attention of evolutionary biologists for decades because of their high number of rare and endemic taxa, though less is known about the ecological factors that govern the diversity and composition of serpentine communities. Theory suggests that vegetation on these low‐productivity soils will be relatively resilient to fire, the most common natural disturbance in serpentine systems.

• Methods: We studied the recovery of vegetation in Darlingtonia fens, a unique habitat dominated by herbaceous perennials, from a major fire that burned ∼202,000 ha in California and Oregon's Klamath Mountains in 2002. We established permanent plots in eight unburned and eight burned fens in 2003 and recorded percent cover of vascular plant species. We re‐sampled plots each year through 2007.

• Key results: Burned fens had less plant cover than unburned fens for 2 yr after the fire. Average species density was ∼10% lower in burned fens 1 yr after the fire but ∼4–8% higher for the next 4 yr. Burned fens exhibited greater evenness but not until 4 yr after the fire. Differences in community composition were detected between the two fen types, but species ranks were similar, and species neither were added to nor removed from the burned assemblages.

• Conclusions: Burning of Darlingtonia fens has detectable, albeit modest, effects on serpentine communities. Because fens have little or no canopy cover, fire has little influence on light availability in this system. This relatively small resource change, combined with high soil moisture and well‐developed underground organs of fen plants, produces a highly resilient assemblage.
Complex implications around a simple trait: ecological context determines the fecundity effects of corolla marcescence
Authors: Herrera Carlos M.
Published: May 2011

• Premise of the Study: Post‐anthesis functionality of persistent perianth parts has rarely been investigated, but available evidence suggests that perianth persistence may not always have an adaptive value. Given the high occurrence of the trait, that it may sometimes be maladaptive is an intriguing possibility and deserves exploration. This paper tests the hypothesis that the fitness value of corolla persistence after anthesis depends on ecological context, specifically the abundance of fruit predators and pollinators.

• Methods: The study was conducted on Narcissus longispathus, a species in which corolla marcescence is apparently maladaptive because withered corollas provide a shelter for fruit‐predatory lepidopteran larvae. By experimentally manipulating corolla persistence, presence of fruit predators, and pollination, I tested whether variation in ecological scenario led to concomitant variation in the sign and magnitude of the effects of corolla marcescence on fecundity.

• Key Results: Persistent corollas were detrimental to fecundity when plants were exposed to larvae, but not when larvae were excluded. Pollination and herbivory had nonadditive effects on the fecundity consequences of corolla marcescence, the strongest detrimental effects of corolla persistence occurring for the “exposed to larvae + supplementary pollination” treatment combination.

• Conclusions: The hypothesis that ecological context is a major determinant of the fitness value of corolla marcescence was supported. In N. longispathus, corolla marcescence will be a maladaptive trait in situations in which pollinators and fruit predators are simultaneously abundant, but will be a neutral character in the absence of fruit predators, irrespective of pollinator service.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in an endangered palm, Johannesteijsmannia lanceolata (Arecaceae)
Authors: Ang Cheng Choon , Lee Soon Leong , Lee Chai Ting , Tnah Lee Hong , Zakaria Rozainah Mohamad , Ng Ching Ching
Published: May 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for Johannesteijsmannia lanceolata to assess the genetic diversity and mating system of this alarmingly endangered species.

• Methods and Results: A total of 31 polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for J. lanceolata using the enrichment protocol. These markers were screened on 24 samples from a natural population. The number of alleles ranged from four to 20, while the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.391 to 1.000. The 31 loci were further tested for transferability on J. altifrons, J. magnifica, and J. perakensis. Generally, all loci showed positive amplifications in these three Johannesteijsmannia species, except Jla124 (J. magnifica) and Jla168b (J. magnifica and J. perakensis).

• Conclusions: These microsatellite markers could be employed to study the population genetics and mating system of J. lanceolata and other Johannesteijsmannia species.
Low-Density Lipoprotein Size and Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 in HIV-Infected Patients Switching to Abacavir or Tenofovir
Authors:   the Bicombo-met Substudy Team, Saumoy Maria , Ordoñez-Llanos Jordi , Martínez Esteban , Barragán Patricia , Ribera Esteban , Bonet Rosa , Knobel Hernando , Negredo Eugenia , Loncá Montserrat , Curran Adrian , Gatell Josep Maria , Podzamczer Daniel
Published: May 2011

Background

The aim of this study was to assess changes in the size and cholesterol content of low-density lipo-proteins (LDL) and changes in lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity in HIV-infected patients switching to tenofovir + emtricitabine (TDF+FTC) or abacavir + lamivudine (ABC+3TC).

Methods

This was a substudy of a multicentre randomized trial comparing TDF+FTC with ABC+3TC-based regimens in patients with virological suppression. Fasting lipids and apolipoproteins (apo), LDL size and cholesterol content and Lp-PLA2 activity were measured at baseline and at week 48.

Results

A total of 62 patients, naive for the compared drugs, were included. At baseline, groups were comparable except for total Lp-PLA2 activity ( P=0.047) and for a tendency towards the use of a major baseline thymidine analogue in the TDF+FTC arm (25 versus 18 patients; P=0.054). In the ABC+3TC arm a significant increase in total cholesterol (0.64 mmol/l; P=0.003), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c, 0.13 mmol/l; P=0.031), triglycerides (0.39 mmol/l; P=0.036), apo A-I (0.12 g/l; P=0.006), apo B (0.16 g/l; P=0.015) and non-HDL-c (0.50 mmol/l; P=0.009) concentrations was observed at week 48 compared with the TDF+FTC treatment arm. In addition, an increase in the cholesterol content of small, dense LDL subfractions (0.48 mmol/l; P=0.003) and a decrease in LDL size (-2.6 nm; P=0.011) was observed in the ABC arm without changes in the TDF patients. Total PLA2, LDL-PLA2 and HDL-PLA2 activity decreased in the TDF arm, but multivariate analysis showed baseline PLA2 values and previous use of thymidine analogues as the factors associated with these changes. Estimated cardiovascular risk did not change in either arm.

Conclusions

A more atherogenic LDL profile, including a decrease in LDL size, was found in the ABC group and not in TDF patients.
La création adolescente
Authors: Morhain Yves , Morhain Émilie
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le travail de création est au centre même de l’opération adolescente, marquée par la rencontre avec l’autre sexe, la confrontation aux limites et au malaise narcissique, mais aussi aux désillusions qui résultent des promesses et des espoirs infantiles. Ce profond bouleversement ouvre la voie à l’acte créatif voire à la création. Émergence d’originalité, expression intense, quête d’idéal, découverte de systèmes de pensée, production d’objets culturels nouveaux, souci de mise en scène, sont des traits caractéristiques de la création artistique qui se retrouvent dans le processus de création de soi qu’est l’adolescence. L’acte de création renverrait-il au processus d’adolescence en tant que paradigme de la crise créative ? Est-il spécifique du passage adolescent pour y traduire les inquiétudes et les déchirements de cette période de la vie ? Ou bien, n’est-ce pas l’adolescence que ce vouloir créer pour devenir soi-même, à travers un mélange de volonté destructrice et de désir créateur ?