bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Stomata Characteristics of Plantain and Horn Plants AAB genome
Authors: Narahayaan Clemens Sudiyono , Hiariej Adriana , Riupassa Pieter Agusthinus
Published: April 2022

The study of stomata characteristics of plantain and horn plants has been carried out. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of plant stomata by plantain and horn banana AAB genome. Therefore, it is possible to find out the similarities and differences in characteristics between plantain and horn banana that have the same genome, including by stomata location, cover cell shape, stomatal type, number of epidermal cells, number of stomata cells, stomata length, stomata width, stomata area, stomata index, and stomatal density. Stomata observations were made by making an incision using the whole mount method. The results obtained were then analyzed descriptively qualitatively by describing the stomata characteristics of the plantain and horn banana plants
Analysis of Vitamin C Resistance in Red Grapes (Vitis vinifera) After Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Magnetic Fields Intensity 700 uT and 900 uT
Authors: Sudarti Sudarti , Permatasari Elok , Ningtyias Farida W. , Mina Naura M. , Laksmiari Karina
Published: April 2022

The resistance of grapes at room temperature only reaches 7 days, then it will experience a decrease in quality and spoilage by the activity of pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to analyze the resistance of Vitamin C in red grapes (Vitis vinifera) by exposure to an Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic field with an intensity of 700 μT and 900 μT. This research is a laboratory experimental research using a completely randomized design. The sample of this study was red grapes (Vitis vinifera) in fresh condition as much as 7 kg, grouped into 7 groups @ 1 kg. One group as a control (K), three groups were exposed to an ELF magnetic field with an intensity of 700 μT, with a duration of exposure of 2x15 minutes (E-700.15), 2x30 minutes (E-700.30), and 2x45 minutes (E-700, 45). Three other groups were exposed to an ELF magnetic field with an intensity of 900 T, with a duration of exposure of 2x15 minutes (E-900.15), 2x30 minutes (E-900.30), and 2x45 minutes (E-900.45). is a component of ELF electromagnetic waves generated by current transformers by minimizing the intensity of the electric field up to 30 Volt/m. Measurement of Vitamin C and pH at the beginning and then 6 days, 12 days, and 18 days after being exposed to the ELF magnetic field. The results showed that the levels of Vitamin C in the group exposed to the ELF 900 T magnetic field for 2x30 minutes did not differ significantly (p>0.05) compared to the initial condition when it was still fresh, and physically the number of fresh fruit until the 12th day is the most. Conclusion: exposure to the ELF magnetic field intensity of 900 T for 2x30 minutes significantly (p<0.05), was able to maintain Vitamin C in red grapes until the 12th day
Analysis of Potential Landslide Areas Using Geoelectric Methods of Resistivity in The Kastoba Lake, Bawean Island, Indonesia
Authors: Karimah Karimah , Susilo Adi , Suryo Eko Andi , Rofiq Aunur , Hasan Muhammad F.R.
Published: April 2022

Kastoba Lake in Bawean Island Indonesia is a tourist attraction that has a level of vulnerability in landslide disasters. The landslides has been happen. From the large and small scale in the Kastoba Lake. Base on the problem, the landslides occured due to the field of derailment. According to the above statement, it was necessary to know the subsurface structure and the field of avalanche derailment in the kastoba lake area. This data was allowed by geophysical resistivity method which a dipole-dipole configuration with 4 measurement points. The acquisition of data was based on preliminary studies from the analysis of landslide vulnerability level maps (DEM Alos data processing) that have been done first. The results of lithological analysis with geoelectric resistivity methods in this research obtained three layers of subsurface structure, namely top soil (top layer) with a resistivity value of 7-110 Ωm, clay (middle layer) which was a resistivity value of 110-210 Ωm and lava (bottommost layer) which was a resistivity value of 210-357 Ωm. The field of gelincir in the research area was on the top layer of soil composed of weathering of rocks mixed with organic material or leaf/tree decay with an average depth of 7.25 meters. Thus, this research can be one of the parameters of landslide disaster mitigation in the development of geotourism in Kastoba Lake
Effect of Picture and Picture Integration with Guided Note Taking accompanied by Optimization of Teaching Aids Learning Outcomes
Authors: Khasanah Annisa Nur , Santosa Slamet , Indrowati Meti , Septiyanto Arifin
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of the Picture and Picture application integrated with Guided Note Taking (GNT) on students' biology learning achievement by optimizing teaching aids. The study is categorized as a quasi-experiment. The research design used is Post-test Only Control Group Design with group experiment, which implements Picture and Picture application coupled with Guided Note Taking (GNT) through the optimization of the use of teaching aids, and control group, which implements discussion technique, speech, and presentation. The population of the research is students of class XI IPA (grade 11 in Natural Science) from Public Senior High School (SMA N) 2 Boyolali. The sample in the research is students of class XI IPA 4 as the experiment group and students of class XI IPA 3 as the control group. Cluster random sampling was used to collect the sample. Multiple-choice tests, questionnaires, observation forms, and documentation are used to collect data. The t-test was used to test the hypothesis. This study concludes that Picture and Picture application integrated with Guided Note Taking (GNT) through the optimization of teaching aids utilization affects students' biology learning achievement in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains.
Development of A Two-Tier Multiple-Choice Instrument Based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) on Acids, Bases, and Salts
Authors: Hidayatullah Arif Rahmat , Yamtinah Sri , Masykuri Mohammad
Published: April 2022

This study aims to measure higher order thinking skills on Acid, Base and Salt material. All students can think, but most of the students need encouragement and guidance for higher order thinking processes The test instrument needed in this research is to encourage students to think in higher order, namely the Two-tier Multiple-Choice test instrument that encourages students to think at higher levels. This research uses survey method. The sample in this study was 140 students from 3 junior high schools in Bima City, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia have high, medium, and low school averages. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, the conclusions are for the reliability value of 0.725, the difficulty of the problem is 0.560, and the discriminating power of 0.229. In the measurement of students' higher order thinking skills, it was found in the Low category of 8.8%, moderate 29.9%, good 42.7% very good 17.6%. This research is expected to provide an alternative to measure students' higher order thinking skills by using the TTMC instrument based on Higher Order Thinking Skills
Symbolic Communication Ability of Prospective Physics Teacher Students
Authors: Wahyuni Wahyuni , Husna Nuril , Evendi Evendi , Safitri Rini , Pratiwi Siti Habsari
Published: April 2022

Research in the field of physics education, only focuses on verbal communication such as the ability to ask questions. While communication skills are not only limited to the ability to ask questions. But there is an equally important symbolic communication. The indicators of symbolic communication in question: state the ideas of physics in the form of pictures, interpreting images into physical models, explain physical phenomena into problem solving procedures. The population in this study were all students majoring in Physics Education in the fifth semester of class 2019 and third semester of 2020, and the sample consisted of 38 students. The symbolic communication abilities of prospective physics teacher students at Samudra University are as follows:  The indicator states physics ideas in the form of pictures, 24 people or 63.16% of students can state physics ideas in the form of pictures correctly and completely, The indicator interprets the picture into the physics model, only 1 person or 2.63% of students can connect the picture into the physics model correctly and completely, Indicators explain physical phenomena into problem solving procedures, there are 17 people or 44.74% of students who can explain solving procedures correctly and completely
Higher-Order Thinking Skills in Prospective Physics Teacher
Authors: Arafah Kaharuddin , Ruslan Ruslan , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Hakim Aeman , Pongkessu Agriani
Published: April 2022

The rules regarding the assessment carried out by teachers have been refined to match the demands of 21st-century learning, the aspect that has been improved is the cognitive aspect, specifically in the assessment of Higher Order Thinking Skills. However, prospective teachers and even teachers still have difficulty implementing this assessment. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of the ability of prospective physics teacher students in solving Higher Order Thinking Skills questions as an initial description in identifying problems that occur. This research was a descriptive study to determine the profile of postgraduate students at Makassar State University, South Sulawesi. The research data was obtained through test technique. These questions consist of 40 sets of items, with indicators of analyzing, evaluating, and creating. It has been developed by researchers and validated by experts. The percentage of the score obtained is 68, 79, and 55% for indicators of analyzing, evaluating, and creating respectively. Therefore, Prospective physics teachers can still be said to be unsatisfactory in solving Higher Order Thinking Skills questions.
Breeding of Philemon buceroides by Synchronization of Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropine (PMSG) Reproductive Hormone and Estrogen as Conservation for Preventing Its Extinction
Authors: Yamin M , Khairuddin Khairuddin , Padusung Padusung
Published: April 2022

The research aims to figure out how to breed Philemon buceroides in captivity and make recommendations for conservation activities in-situ and ex-situ. Philemon buceroides are bred by giving the Pregnant Mare Serum Godadotrophin (PMSG) and Estrogen hormones and artificial insemination to birds who are sexually mature and physically healthy at least one year old. The birds in this study were Philemon buceroides that had been reared for at least a year to lessen stress. According to the researchers, the Philemon buceroides sample was acclimatized for 7 days in each birdcage. The treatment group was superovulated the next day to produce more eggs than normal, using PMSG hormone at a dose of 150 Im in 10 milliliters of ferologic Nacl / Kg BW once a day for three days. Only 10 milliliters of ferologic NaCl were given orally to the control group. The following day, lust/Estrus synchronization was performed utilizing the Estrogen hormone at a dose of 150 Im in 10 milliliters of ferological NaCl orally once a day for three days. Sperm was taken from male Philemon buceroides. As a result, synchronizing the reproductive hormones Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin (PMSG) and Estrogen in male and female Philemon buceroides considerably influenced the increase in ovulation, however the eggs generated by the mother Philemon buceroides have yet to produce chicks. Furthermore, obtaining male sperm is challenging. Just one sperm pulled out one drop from the three guys, while the other two did not
Efficiency of Heavy Metal Analysis Method in Marine Fish Samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Muti'ah Muti'ah , Siahaan Jackson , Loka I Nyoman , Irawan Jono
Published: April 2022

This research studies the efficient method for heavy metal analysis in marine fish samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The dissolution of the samples used the wet destruction technique in 2 ways. The first method uses a mixture of HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4 (1:2:1), and the second method uses a mixture of HNO3and H2SO4 (1:1). Tuna (Euthynnus affinis) was taken as Marine fish samples. The results showed that the first method took 180 minutes with a % recovery of 98.79% - 99.55%. In contrast, the second method took 240 minutes and a % recovery of 98.08% - 98.45%. The results of measurements by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) using standard calibration curve and standard addition techniques are as follows: using standard regression curve technique obtained Pb (0.664 ± 0.067) mg/kg, Cu (2.780 ± 0.01) mg/kg, Cd (0.192 ± 0.044) mg/kg, and Zn (1.824 ± 0.075) mg/kg, while the standard addition method obtained Pb (0.612 ± 0.016) mg/kg, Cu (2.364 ± 0.016) mg/kg, Cd (0.148 ± 0.029) mg/kg and Zn (1.692 ± 0.016) mg/kg. The calculation of the level of accuracy of the analysis showed that the standard addition method RSD gave a precision value of 0.97% - 3.76% and the standard curve method RSD with a precision of 5.76% - 31.77%. In conclusion, (1) Heavy metal content in tuna (Euthynnus affinis) is still within the permissible limits. (2) wet digestion technique using a mixture of HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4 (1:2:1) can be more efficient. (3) The measurement results of the standard addition method give more precise results
High-Performance Compensation Dispersion with Apodization Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating for Fiber Communication System
Authors: Irawan Dedi , Azhar Azhar , Ramadhan Khaikal
Published: April 2022

The effect of dispersion will interfere with the signal transmission. Several ways can be done in compensating the dispersion such as by utilizing dispersion compensator fiber (DCF) or chirp fiber Bragg grating (CFBG). The dispersion compensation schemes with DCF are expensive and it also causes nonlinear optical effects, meanwhile, the CFBG can reduce costs and promise better results. In this study, an Apodization Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating (ACFBG) has been developed as a dispersion compensator with Optisystem with non-return to zero (NRZ) 20 Gbps. It is found that the Gaussian Cubic-CFBG apodization with a size of 90 mm had the highest Q-factor evaluation of  20,776 dB for a 250 km dispersion compensation scheme. this result is much larger than the previous CFBG dispersion compensation scheme. This study also confirmed that the Gaussian Apodization was the best profile compared to Tanh Apodization, from the evaluation of the Q-factor, Tanh cubic-CFBG only obtained a Q-factor of 9.6 dB. Certainly, the high performance of ACFBG as a dispersion compensator is very useful to support optical communication systems
Frequency of anemia in patients with preterm labour.
Authors: Aasia Fozia  , Hajra Bibi  , Saba Nasir  , Mona Khan  , Laila Asmat  , Zahida Anwar
Published: April 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of anemia in pregnant women with preterm labour. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jinnah International Hospital (Teaching Hospital of Women Medical College), Abbottabad. Period: July 2020 to December 2020. Material & Methods: The study comprised 171 females with a singleton pregnancy on ultrasound, gestational age of 24 to 37 weeks on ultrasound, parity 0-4 and preterm labour. Patients with history of cervical insufficiency, vaginal infection in last one year and urinary tract infection in last one year were excluded. Venous blood was collected from all 171 women in sodium EDTA tube by a 3rd year resident and was immediately sent to laboratory. Hemoglobin < 9 g/dL was recorded as anemia. Results: The participants in this study ranged in age from 18 to 40 years, with mean age of 28.274±3.48 years, mean gestational age was 30.473±3.37 weeks, mean parity1.064±1.28 and mean weight was 73.836±9.74. Anemia was seen in 41.5% patients. Conclusion: The study gave us the information about the importance of iron deficiency anemia as a risk factor for preterm labor.
Effect of preemptive bronchodilator therapy in reducing postoperative pulmonary complications in smokers undergoing CABG.
Authors: Mehwish Naseer  , Rehana Feroz
Published: April 2022

Objective: To study the effect of preemptive bronchodilator therapy in reducing postoperative pulmonary complications in smokers undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Setting: Army Cardiac Centre CMH Lahore. Period: January to June 2021. Material & Methods: A total of 200 patients undergoing CABG in Army cardiac Centre CMH Lahore were included in this study. Patients were divided in to two groups i.e. case and interventional groups. All the procedures were performed by the consultant cardiac surgeon of experience of more than 5 years. In interventional group patients were administered with bronchodilator therapy i.e. salmicort inhaler preoperatively along with other necessary preoperative measures while in case group no bronchodilator therapy was introduced. Preoperatively, ASA status, FEV1, BMI, oxygen saturation, Ejection fraction (EF), and smoking status, COPD diagnosis, and PaCO2, FVC-L, PEFR, Hb and CRP levels was assessed. Postoperatively, different pulmonary function tests were performed in both groups i.e. need for prolonged oxygen therapy, prolonged ICU stay, re-intubation and antibiotic use. Results: The frequencies of prolonged oxygen therapy and ICU stay, re-intubation, antibiotics use, COPD diagnosis were same in both the groups. Therefore, the differences were statistically insignificant. But, PaCO2, in intervention group was higher than the control group with significant difference, (p=0.004). Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results of this study that administration of bronchodilator therapy preoperatively in patients with known history of smoking undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery has no significant effect in terms of outcome variables.
Addressing malnutrition and food insecurity with breadfruit in a rural, developing country: a case study and lessons learned in Thomassique, Haiti
Authors: Klyver John M , Haugen Inga , Schulz Logan , LaPais Wiscard-Kardin , Saint-Fleur Charles , Starke Samuel J , Piersaint Jason , Rizzo Anael S , Sarazen Kyra M , Missionaries Medical
Published: April 2022

Haiti’s Central Plateau region suffers from significant malnutrition, economic hardship, and a crisis level of food insecurity. Already the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere in terms of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, Haiti has pervasively high malnutrition rates, but the Central Plateau is among the most severely affected areas. One in five children of the Central Plateau suffers from malnutrition, and the region exhibits a devastating 30% rate of child stunting. Our US-based team affiliated with Klinik Sen Jozèf, a community-respected medical clinic in the Central Plateau city of Thomassique. We partnered with local Haitian leadership, a local agronomist, and Trees That Feed Foundation to introduce breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) and an innovative development model to combat local malnutrition. Five years into the program, we have partnered with 152 farmers, and we have enhanced our malnutrition program with breadfruit derivatives. This report addresses the lessons we learned to assist others looking to introduce models or crops in a similar manner. Our experience is particularly significant in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, as supply chain disruptions have worsened food insecurity for more than 800 million people in low-income countries.
Mahmood Mamdani. Scholars in the Market Place: The Dilemmas of Neo-Liberal Reform at Makerere University, 1989–2005
Authors: Berglund Eeva
Published: April 2022

M AHMOOD MAMDANI. Scholars in the Market Place: The Dilemmas of Neo-Liberal Reform at Makerere University, 1989–2005. Dakar, Senegal: Council for Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA), 2007. Pp. 312. ISBN: 978-2-86978-201-3.
Annelin Eriksen. Gender, Christianity and Change in Vanuatu: An Analysis of Social Movements in North Ambrym
Authors: Armstrong Karen
Published: April 2022

ANNELIN ERIKSEN. Gender, Christianity and Change in Vanuatu: An Analysis of Social Movements in North Ambrym. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007. Pp. 216. ISBN 978-0-7546-7209-8.
Patricia L. Sunderland and Rita M. Denny. Doing Anthropology in Consumer Research
Authors: Ruckenstein Minna
Published: April 2022

PATRICIA L. SUNDERLAND AND RITA M. DENNY. Doing Anthropology in Consumer Research. Walnut Creek, California: Left Coast Press, 2007. Pp. 368. ISBN: 978-1-59874-090-5 (Hardback); ISBN: 978-1-59874-091-2 (paperback).
Matt Tomlinson. In God’s Image: The Metaculture of Fijian Christianity
Authors: Eräsaari Matti
Published: April 2022

M ATT TOMLINSON. In God’s Image: The Metaculture of Fijian Christianity. The Anthropology of Christianity 5. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009. Pp. 263. ISBN: 978-0-520-25777-1 (cloth); ISBN: 978-0-520-25778-8 (paper-back).
Narrating Religious Realities:
Authors: Lindhardt Martin
Published: April 2022

In this paper I explore the complex and constitutive role of narrative practice in Chilean Pentecostalism. I argue that it is in large part through different kinds  of storytelling that Pentecostal self identities are produced, nourished and modified. Particular attention is focused on testimonies of salvation, and life  stories as narrative practices through which converts engage in ongoing construction of biographic identities and provide themselves with symbolic schemes for present and future action. I further argue that Pentecostal story telling should be seen as a specific kind of social interaction, creating and unfolding  eligious realities to be inhabited by narrator and listener alike. I pursue this argument by examining different linguistic as well as non-linguistic strategies  through which the listener is invited to project him or herself into the world of the story.

Keywords: Pentecostalism, Chile, conversion, narratives, identity
Tombstones of Fallen Heroes
Authors: Kalhoro Zulfiqar Ali
Published: April 2022

This paper is based on fieldwork which I carried out in Sindh, Pakistan, from December 2007 to February 2008. The main objective of the study was to document and delineate two graveyards and their contents which are located in two different districts of Sindh, one in Thatta and the other in Tando Muhammad Khan. After discussing the origin of the term ‘chaukhandi’ as applied to a type of tombs present in the area I present the two graveyards, discussing the meanings of motifs that decorate the tombstones in both places. I also discuss the role of the tribes associated with these graveyards in the  tribal history of Sindh and the battles in which they displayed their heroism.

Keywords: chaukhandi, Sindh, tombstone decoration, tribal history
Urban Diaspora and the Question of Community
Authors: Kaartinen Timo
Published: April 2022

The Bandanese are a community with a distinct language and tradition which point to their origin in Banda, an early base of Dutch colonization in Indonesia. Presently focused in two villages in the Kei Islands, the community has been transforming into a regional, urban diaspora since the 1960s. Field research from March until August 2009 focused on the question of how this community distributes itself regionally and to what extent its ethnic relations are informed  by its previous history of travel, migration and displacement. The study reveals that urbanized Bandanese occupy political and economic niches  marked by a privileged access to fishing and trade, the backbones of the provincial economy. At the same time, their shared ancestry with local land-owning  groups legitimizes their presence in new locations. Differential access to maritime wealth and land give new meaning to the classification of immigrant and  autochthonous people, ubiquitous in each island society of Maluku, in which the Bandanese are placed in a mediating position.

Keywords: diaspora, migrations, Indonesia, Maluku Islands
Daniel L. Everett. Don’t sleep, there are snakes: life and language in the Amazonian jungle
Authors: Pylkkö Tuomas
Published: April 2022

D ANIEL L. EVERETT. Don’t Sleep, There Are Snakes: Life and Language in the Amazonian Jungle. New York: Pantheon Books, 2008. Pp. 279. ISBN 978-0- 375-42502-8.
Politics, History, and Culture: Comments on Anu Lounela’s “Sovereignty and Violence”
Authors: Tsing Anna
Published: April 2022

Comments delivered during Anu Lounela’s public defense of her Ph.D. Dissertation, ‘Contesting Forests and Power: Dispute, Violence, and Negotiations in Central Java’, September 26, 2009
Exchange and Inequality, Time and Personhood
Authors: Otto Ton
Published: April 2022

Comments on: JOHN LIEP. A Papuan Plutocracy: Ranked Exchange on Rossel Island. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 2009. Pp. 376. ISBN: 978-87-7934-446-4
This is a book that captures the reader’s attention from the start, not only because of its beautiful lay-out and illustrations and the exotic phenomena that it describes, but also thanks to the author’s academic assiduousness that transpires through its pages. It is the culmination of more than 35 years of dedicated study of a curious and complex system of monetary exchange that exists on Rossel Island, an eastern outlier of the Louisiade Archipelago, far to the east of the mainland of Papua New Guinea.
In the following I will suggest some limitations in Liep’s theoretical rendering of his ethnography, which have to do with his overall theoretical position, a relative neglect of the time dimension in exchange, and a lack of interest in the possibilities of newer theory on Melanesian exchange and personhood. I describe these limitations not to diminish the outstanding importance of this book, but to highlight the areas where in my view further theoretical and analytical work could be beneficial and could cast new light on the phenomena described. I give my views with due respect for Liep’s inspiring and  imposing accomplishments, well knowing that it is always easier to find areas that are underdeveloped in a book than to prove an author wrong on the arguments and analyses he has chosen to pursue.
Animating the Unseen
Authors: Lukin Karina
Published: April 2022

Changes, such as the social, cultural and economic transformations of the Soviet and post-Soviet eras, evoke a need to remember and remind. Recollecting can be expressed in multiple ways, among which discourses connected with physical artefacts are a universal form, though contents and meanings vary  considerably. This article examines Kolguyev Nenets memories of, and discourses about, a hill named Seĭkorkha: a sacred place whose idols were destroyed  in the Soviet years. Providing a backdrop to this Nenets discourse is an artistic project which aimed to protect the Kolguyev Nenets and their island. The  recollections are seen both as valued speech and as a part of everyday resistance to imposed transformations. This case study, based on field work and  archival materials,shows how a community that has lived through vast changes has built continuity and stability through constantly changing discourse about a place that has been undergoing modifications for centuries.

Keywords: Nenets, post-Soviet, memorial, sacred places, resistance, discourse
Strengthening the State
Authors: Tammisto Tuomas
Published: April 2022

In this paper I will examine how logging in Papua New Guinea affects the relationship between the state and the local communities on whose lands logging operations take place. The point of departure of my argument is the Ili-Wawas Integrated Project, a combined logging and agricultural project which seeks to bring economic development to the remote Pomio district of East New Britain Province by connecting existing logging roads to the limited national road network around the provincial capital. Developing the national road network and creating standardized or—to use James Scott’s concept—legible environments can be seen as an integral part of state-making and strengthening the role of the state. In addition to the environment, the state also needs to make social life legible in forms of maps, censuses and laws. As I will argue in my paper, the Ili-Wawas, and other similar projects, may indeed strengthen the role of the state not only by creating the infrastructure and legibility needed by the state, but also in unintended and accidental ways. The side effects of  logging and road building include, among others, fear of crime and land disputes. It is these that create among the locals a perceived need for state institutions, which may be as significant in advancing the role of the state as is the creation of infrastructure and legibility.

Keywords: Papua New Guinea, development, road building, land dispute, state, neoliberalism, legibility
Gender, Kinship and Lifecycle Rituals in Cuba
Authors: Härkönen Heidi
Published: April 2022

This report discusses the efforts of state powers to inflict large-scale societal transformations on local gender and kinship by exploring the relationship  between matrifocal gender and kinship structure and the socialist state in Cuba. Cuban gender and kinship relations are approached not only by examining the kinds of daily social interactions that took place amongst ‘lower-class’ Havanian informants, but also via the types of lifecycle rituals celebrated in Cuba:  Catholic baptism, girls’ quince-party, weddings and funerals. The report indicates an intriguing contrast between the, in-practice, very mother-centred gender  andkinship relations, and the revolutionary state symbology manifesting an idea of a metaphoric patriliny.

Keywords: Cuba, gender, kinship, matrifocality, life-cycle rituals
Westerners in Search of a Better Life in India
Authors: Korpela Mari
Published: April 2022

This report introduces research examining Westerners who spend long periods of time in the city of Varanasi in northern India year after year. Here they claim to have found a more meaningful and interesting life than in their homelands. The study discusses the phenomenon within the framework of lifestyle  migration arguing that it is important to pay attention to transnational lifestyles that are not elitist but nevertheless based on Western privilege. In addition, the study examines communality among the Westerners arguing that they form a tight, yet fluid, community in Varanasi. The Westerners lead highly mobile lives, yet the community is very significant for them in a particular place and at a particular time.

Keywords: communities, lifestyle migration, India, Westerners, transnationalism
Ethnographies of Extraction
Authors: Rajak Dinah
Published: April 2022

FORUM: ANTHROPOLOGY OF OIL AND THE RESOURCE CURSE
Mélanie van der Hoorn. Indispensable Eyesores: An Anthropology of Undesired Buildings .
Authors: Berglund Eeva
Published: April 2022

Mélanie van der Hoorn. Indispensable Eyesores: An Anthropology of Undesired Buildings. New York: Berghahn Books, 2009. Pp. 272. ISBN 978-1-84545-530-9 (hardback).
On the Criteria for Evaluating an Expert's Opinion and Forensic Methods by Participants in the Legal Proceedings
Authors: Giverts P. , Griber A. , Kokin A. V.
Published: April 2022

The issues of assessing the reliability of experts’ opinions are common for Russian and Anglo-Saxon legal proceedings. In the Russian legislation there are no legal norms or regulated rules defining this procedure. At the same time, in the USA there is Rule 702 “Expert Witness Testimony” of the Federal Code of Evidence which establishes four criteria that courts should consider when assessing the admissibility of the testimony of a forensic expert. Besides, based on court decisions, Fry and Daubert standards have been adopted. They determine criteria for methods used in conducting forensic examination in the United States. The article analyzes and evaluates the compliance of expert methods applied in Russia with the Fry and Daubert standards. The analysis shows that not all methods meet the criteria of Daubert standard. In particular, the structures of the so-called subjective methods do not provide calculations of a known or potential error rate as well as a mechanism for monitoring the conduct of various stages of a study. The article also discusses other foreign projects aimed at minimizing erroneous conclusions and reforming the system of forensic examination: the Innocence project, reports prepared by the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS report) and the US Presidential Council for Science and Technology (PCAST report). The authors believe that it is essential for the Russian legislation to develop criteria for evaluating experts’ opinions, research methods and scientific validity of the obtained results as well as the to formulate the appropriate norms.
Functional properties of ferroelectric materials based on lead zirconate-titanate and triglycine sulphate on macro- and microscale
Authors:   IRE RAS, Mokhovaya 11-7, Moscow, 125009, Russia, Koledov V.V. ,   Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olimpiiskii prospekt 1, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, 354340, Russia, Shavrov V.G. ,   IRE RAS, Mokhovaya 11-7, Moscow, 125009, Russia,   Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olimpiiskii prospekt 1, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, 354340, Russia, Bybik M.S. ,   IRE RAS, Mokhovaya 11-7, Moscow, 125009, Russia, Kalashnikov V.S. ,   IRE RAS, Mokhovaya 11-7, Moscow, 125009, Russia, Nesolenov A.V. ,   IRE RAS, Mokhovaya 11-7, Moscow, 125009, Russia, Orlov A.P. ,   IRE RAS, Mokhovaya 11-7, Moscow, 125009, Russia, Kuznetsov D.D. ,   IRE RAS, Mokhovaya 11-7, Moscow, 125009, Russia, von Gratowski S.V. ,   IRE RAS, Mokhovaya 11-7, Moscow, 125009, Russia,   Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olimpiiskii prospekt 1, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, 354340, Russia, Kamantsev A.P. ,   IRE RAS, Mokhovaya 11-7, Moscow, 125009, Russia,   Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olimpiiskii prospekt 1, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, 354340, Russia, Shandruk G.A. ,   TIPS RAS, Leninsky prospekt 9, Moscow, 119991, Russia, Peláiz-Barranco A. ,   Ferroic Materials Group, Physics Faculty – IMRE, Havana University, San Lázaro y L, Vedado. La Habana, 10400, Cuba, Andryushin K.P. ,   SFedU, Bolshaya Sadovaya Str. 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia, Sitallo E.I. ,   SFedU, Bolshaya Sadovaya Str. 105/42, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia, Malashin I.P. ,   IRE RAS, Mokhovaya 11-7, Moscow, 125009, Russia,   Bauman MGTU, 2-Baumanskaya St., 5, build. 1, Moscow, 105005, Russia
Published: April 2022

Samples of ferroelectric functional materials based on lead zirconate titanate with the chemical formula PbTiO3-PbZrO3-PbNb2/3Zn1/3O3-PbNb2/3Mg1/3O3 and triglycine sulfate (NH2CH2COOH)3•H2SO4 were manufactured and characterized. The dielectric spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the presence of phase transitions in them, and the characteristic transition temperatures were determined. Thermomechanical analysis method has been used to study thermally induced deformations in them, near phase transitions. The shape memory effect (SME) and electrocaloric effect in macro samples were studied. Methods of studying the SME on the microscale of sample sizes have been worked out. The process of formation of microstructures in these materials in the form of «micropillars» («micropillars») by selective ion etching with a focused ion beam is investigated. The process of deformation of «micro-pillars» with a diameter from 120 nm to 1 micron from ferroelectric materials using a microneedle mounted on a Kleidiek nanomanipulator in the vacuum chamber of a two-beam scanning microscope CrossBeam 1540 EsB has been studied.
Механосинтез матричных форм сульфаниламида
Authors: Крюк Татьяна Владленовна , Тюрина Татьяна Григорьевна , Кудрявцева Таисия Андреевна
Published: April 2022

Изучена возможность использования механохимической технологии для получения антибактериальных систем пролонгированного действия на основе сульфаниламида и сополимера малеинового ангидрида с винилацетатом или окисленного картофельного крахмала. Показано, что конъюгация лекарственного вещества с полимерами происходит в результате ковалентного связывания. Степень конверсии сульфаниламида зависит от величины действующей силы и времени твердофазной реакции; накопление продукта продолжается после снятия нагрузки. Наиболее перспективным является конъюгат с полисахаридной матрицей, в котором высвобождение фармацевтического препарата при расщеплении азометиновой связи происходит медленнее по сравнению с его выводом из организма при применении исходной лекарственной формы.
Регрессионный анализ в разработке методики выделения и количественного определения водорастворимых полисахаридов из листьев подорожника большого
Authors: Дьякова Нина Алексеевна
Published: April 2022

Цель исследования — подбор оптимальных параметров ультразвуковой экстракции водорастворимых полисахаридов из листьев подорожника большого на основе регрессионного анализа. Адекватность модели подтверждена проверкой гипотез по χ2-критерию Пирсона. При определении тесноты общей взаимосвязи исходных и полученных данных использовался коэффициент корреляции, полученный на основе значений коэффициента регрессии и среднеквадратичного отклонения. Наиболее важными условиями экстракции листьев подорожника большого для получения наиболее стабильной результативности следует считать: температура экстракции — 80 °C; кратность экстракции — 3, частота ультразвука — 35 кГц, время экстрагирования — 15 мин, соотношение сырья и экстрагента — 1 г на 15 мл, при этом измельчённость сырья может варьировать от 0,5 до 1 мм.
Комплексный подход к определению подлинности при разработке стандартных образцов лекарственных препаратов ингибиторов АПФ
Authors: Чепило Д. А. , Гегечкори Владимир Ираклиевич , Щепочкина О. Ю. , Ефремов А. Ю. , Левко А. А. , Чадова Н. Н. , Шестаков В. Н.
Published: April 2022

Постоянное развитие фармацевтической отрасли актуализирует задачи обеспечения качества лекарственных препаратов (ЛП), которые можно решить, обеспечив стандартизацию и дальнейший контроль качества ЛП. Для этих целей могут использоваться различные физико-химические методы, часто с применением стандартных образцов (СО), для получения достоверных данных в ходе проведения исследований. В процессе разработки СО антигипертензивных ЛП группы ингибиторов ангиотензинпревращающего фермента (АПФ) был проведен комплексный анализ спектральных данных, полученных методами инфракрасной (ИК) спектроскопии и спектроскопии ядерного магнитного резонанса (ЯМР-спектроскопии), в ходе которого выполнена идентификация исследуемых образцов Каптоприла и Эналаприла. Полученные данные могут быть использованы в фармацевтическом анализе ЛП, содержащих фармацевтическую субстанцию Каптоприла или Эналаприла в качестве действующего вещества, а также будут включены в нормативную документацию на соответствующие СО.
Изучение физико-химических свойств производного фенилтетрагидрохинолиндиона с TRPA1-антагонистической активностью
Authors: Пятигорская Наталья Валерьевна , Николенко Наталья Сергеевна , Кравченко Алексей Дмитриевич
Published: April 2022

Показано, что новая активная фармацевтическая субстанция с TRPA1-антагонистической активностью (производное фенилтетрагидрохинолиндиона) представляет собой белый или почти белый мелкокристаллический негигроскопичный порошок, состоящий из частиц сферической формы с большой площадью поверхности: D90 и span составляют 22,2 мкм и 1,9 единиц соответственно. Субстанция умеренно растворима в этаноле 96 % и практически нерастворима в воде и н-гексане, плавится в диапазоне температур от 203,5 до 208,3 °C с разложением, теряет 0,11 % массы при высушивании, содержит 0,096 % воды и 99,3 % действующего вещества. Полученные данные о физико-химических свойствах производного фенилтетрагидрохинолиндиона накладывают определенные ограничения на разработку и устанавливают требования к подходам к получению лекарственных форм на основе изучаемого вещества, а также могут быть использованы при обосновании проекта спецификации на изучаемую активную фармацевтическую субстанцию.
Разработка методики количественного определения ионов алюминия в сорбированных препаратах методом атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии с электротермической атомизацией
Authors: Макарищева Дарья Дмитриевна , Колесникова Оксана Николаевна , Трегубова Варвара Евгеньевна , Устинникова Ольга Борисовна
Published: April 2022

Разработана методика количественного определения алюминия в иммунобиологических препаратах методом атомно-абсорбционной спектроскопии с электротермической атомизацией. Подобраны условия пробоподготовки геля гидроксида алюминия (5 М гидроксид натрия, с нагревом на кипящей водяной бане в течение 5 мин с последующей нейтрализацией концентрированной азотной кислотой). Методика валидирована, аналитическая область установлена в диапазоне 10 – 50 мкг/л Al3+, подтверждены правильность и внутрилабораторная прецизионность. Полученные результаты позволяют рассматривать данную методику в качестве альтернативной для количественного определения алюминия в иммунобиологических лекарственных препаратах.
ANALISIS MARJIN PEMASARAN KOPI DI DESA KOPIDIL KECAMATAN KABOLA KABUPATEN ALOR
Authors: Latuan Emirensiana
Published: April 2022

Salah satu aspek pemasaran yang perlu diperhatikan dalam upaya meningkatkan arus barang dari produsen ke konsumen adalah saluran pemasaran.  Saluran pemasaran  juga menentukan marjin keuntungan yang diterima oleh para petani, semakin panjang alur pemasaran semakin banyak lembaga pemasaran  yang  menikmati marjin keuntungan dari petani dan konsumen, oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian tentang analisis marjin pemasaran kopi di desa Kopidil. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei dan wawancara langsung pada 63 petani responden dengan menggunakan kuisioner. Hasil penelitian Saluran pemasaran kopi di Desa Kopidil diketahui bahwa terdapat 3 saluran pemasaran kopi yang dilakukan yaitu : Saluran I : Petani– konsumen, Saluran II : Petani – Pedagang Pengumpul – Konsumen dan Saluran III : Petani– Pedagang Pengumpul – Pedagang Pengecer – Konsumen dan Marjin pemasaran kopi di Desa Kopidil untuk Saluran Pemasaran II  adalah Rp. 95.636,36 sedangkan pada saluran pemasaran III marjin pemasarannya adalah Rp. 396.000. Dengan demikian terdapat selisih marjin pada saluran pemasaran II dengan marjin pada saluran pemasaran III sebesar Rp. 300.363,64/kg.
Incidence of acute coronary syndromes during the pandemic period of COVID-19 in a cardiology reference service in the city of Curitiba
Authors: Bulow Leonardo , Furquim Jonhatan , Capote Edy , Wojcik Leandro , Antunes Leonardo , Farias Fabio , Rigo Mariane , Selene Vinícius
Published: April 2022

Background Cardiovascular diseases are an important cause of death worldwide, and ischemic heart diseases account for a considerable number of these deaths. COVID-19, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, may pose important cardiovascular complications and implications, including acute coronary syndromes. This study aimed to compare prevalence data of acute coronary syndromes during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020) to the previous year (2019). Methods This is a retrospective, descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study, with variables acquired through the analysis of the medical records of all adult patients of both sexes admitted for acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and ischemic heart disease between the months of January to December 2019, and January to December 2020, to a cardiology reference hospital in Curitiba (PR). The variables obtained were about diagnosis of these diseases, clinical consultation, laboratory tests, and imaging tests. The data found were then correlated with each other to define possible causal relations. Results There was a 40.38% reduction in the incidence of hospitalizations for the cited diagnoses in 2020 compared to 2019. There was no difference between days of onset of symptom between the compared years, days of hospitalization, or number of comorbidities presented by patients, although there was a higher number of diagnoses of unstable angina and presence of chest pain in individuals seen in 2020. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic affected the lives of all people, including the search for care in health facilities and hospitals worldwide, resulting in a lower demand for health services, including for severe and acute diseases, which can lead to increased morbidity and mortality in the population.
Self-Regulated and Externally Regulated Learning in Adolescence: Developmental Trajectories and Relations with Teacher Behavior, Parent Behavior, and Academic Achievement
Authors: Bardach Lisa , Yanagida Takuya , Goetz Thomas , Jach Hayley , Pekrun Reinhard
Published: April 2022

Both self-regulation and external regulation are key to understanding adolescents’ learning and positive development at school. However, evidence on the joint development of self-regulated learning and externally related learning during adolescence is largely lacking. The present multi-level longitudinal analysis (N = 1,542 German adolescents; annual assessments from grade 5 to 9; mean age at grade 5 = 11.79 years, SD = 0.71, 51.75 % female) examined this development and its relations with academic achievement in mathematics, and autonomy support and achievement pressure at school and in the family. Results from multi-level latent basic growth curve models showed that self- and externally regulated learning decreased over the five years at both the individual student and the class level. Changes in self- and externally regulated learning were linked: classes with higher levels of self-regulated learning at grade 5 showed a stronger decrease in externally regulated learning over time. Initial levels of and changes in teachers’ and parents’ autonomy support and achievement pressure were associated with self- and externally regulated learning at the individual student level; teacher autonomy support and self-regulated learning were also linked at the class level. Self-regulated learning related positively to standardized achievement test scores but not to adolescents’ school grades. This study adds to the scarce evidence base on different regulatory forms of adolescents’ learning and can inform future research focusing on students’ positive development at school as well as educational practice.
PENDIDIKAN ANAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF NASIH ULWAN
Authors: Puspita Itha
Published: April 2022

ABSTRAKPendidikan adalah faktor penting terhadap eksitensi sebuah peradaban. Bahkan, bisa dikatakan bahwa pendidikan merupakan hal yang tidak bisa dilepas dari kehidupan. Melalui pendidikan yang benar, maka kemajuan suatu bangsa dapat tercapai. Di sisi lain, anak adalah generasi penerus bangsa. Apalah gunanya bila kita hendak membangun masyarakat tanpa memedulikan pendidikan anak. Tetapi yang terjadi di lapangan saat ini krisis moral semakin memperhatinkan. Bagaimana bisa memajukan suatu peradaban bangsa sedangkan para penerus bangsa tidak memiliki moral yang baik dan akhlak yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memahami sebuah konsep pendidikam dari salah satu Ulama besar yang terkenal serta merelevasikannya dengan pendidikan Islam modern. Dengan fokus masalah, (1) pandangan Abdullah Nashih ulwan tentang pendidikan anak dalam kitab tarbiyatul aulad fiil Islam, (2) sasaran pendidikan anak prespektif abdullah nashih ulwan dalam kitab tarbiyatul aulad fil Islam, (3) model pendidikan anak yang tepat jika konsep pendidikan anak prespektif Abdullah Nashih Ulwan diterapkan di zaman pendidikan Islam modern ini.