bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Compartment Model of Human Mobility and Early Covid-19 Dynamics in NYC
Authors: Frankenburg Ian , Banerjee Sudipto
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we build a mechanistic system to understand the relation between a reduction in human mobility and Covid-19 spread dynamics within New York City. To this end, we propose a multivariate compartmental system that jointly models smartphone mobility data and case counts during the first 90 days of the epidemic. Parameter calibration is achieved through the formulation of a general statistical-mechanistic Bayesian hierarchical model. The open-source probabilistic programming language Stan is used for the requisite computation. Through sensitivity analysis and out-of-sample forecasting, we find our simple and interpretable model provides quantifiable evidence for how reductions in human mobility altered early case dynamics in New York City.
Necesidades de atención en cuidado paliativo de Costa Rica según provincia
Authors: Picado-Ovares Jose Ernesto , Solórzano-Morera Flavia
Published: January 2022

Justificación y objetivo. Existe un desconocimiento en relación con las necesidades de cuidados paliativos en Costa Rica lo que genera dificultades para poder distribuir los recursos adecuadamente. Este estudio busca identificar las necesidades de cuidado paliativo por provincia para que sirva de insumo para una adecuada planeación y utilización de los recursos.
Métodos. Se utilizó la metodología diseñada por la Lancet Commission on Palliative Care and Pain Relief basada en el sufrimiento grave relacionado con la salud para 20 enfermedades con mayor necesidad probable de atención paliativa utilizando la base de datos del Instituto costarricense de estadística y Censo y bases de datos del Ministerio de Salud y de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social.
Resultados. En Costa Rica, 19502 personas requirieron atención paliativa en el 2018, siendo las enfermedades neoplásicas las que ocupan el primer lugar, seguidas por enfermedades cerebrovasculares, causas externas y HIV-SIDA.  La mayoría de los casos se ubican en las provincias del centro del país (San José, Alajuela y Heredia) y la minoría en Guanacaste.
Conclusiones. Se logró estimar las necesidades de cuidado paliativo en Costa Rica por diagnósticos y provincia de domicilio documentando que la mayoría de las necesidades son por enfermedades terminales no oncológicas y en las provincias de San José, Alajuela y Heredia.
Camino al Alzheimer a la luz de la evolución ß-amiloide: ¿villano o héroe abatido?
Authors: De Céspedes Carlos
Published: January 2022

La edad de 65 años se usa generalmente para clasificar la enfermedad de Alzheimer (AD) como de inicio temprano o de inicio avanzado, lo que corresponde a un 10% de formas raras de inicio a edades menores, con clara agregación familiar, herencia autosómica dominante y mutaciones identificadas que codifican para enzimas las cuales catalizan la producción del péptido b-amiloide (Ab) a partir de la proteína precursora del amiloide (APP).
Cargas virales en pacientes trasplantados y genotipificación de Citomegalovirus
Authors: Rojas-Cordero Elizabeth , Rodríguez-Sevilla María , Herrera-Muñoz Álvaro , Karkashian-Córdoba James
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Determinar el curso de infecciones virales por un periodo de un año, mediante la medición de la carga viral de Adenovirus, virus BK, virus Epstein-Barr, Citomegalovirus y Herpesvirus humano 6, en 30 pacientes del Hospital San Juan de Dios, sometidos a trasplante de riñón o células progenitoras hematopoyéticas.

Métodos: Se determinaron las cargas virales en diez muestras de sangre por paciente: una muestra pretransplante, ocho muestras obtenidas cada dos semanas postrasplante y una última muestra a los seis meses posteriores al trasplante. La cuantificación de los virus se realizó por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real y, solo en el caso del Adenovirus, por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de punto final. También se determinaron los genotipos de Citomegalovirus en los pacientes positivos para este virus, utilizando una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa dirigida al gen de la glicoproteína B y secuenciación de los fragmentos amplificados. Las secuencias obtenidas fueron comparadas y alineadas con una secuencia de referencia, utilizando el programa Clustal Omega.

Resultados: Al 77 % de los pacientes se les detectó al menos uno de los cinco virus analizados y el virus con mayor prevalencia fue el Citomegalovirus, con un 57% de positividad del total de la población. El genotipo de Citomegalovirus que más se detectó fue el genotipo 3. Se monitoreó el comportamiento de las cargas virales para cada virus analizado y la proporción de su incidencia entre pacientes masculinos y femeninos.

Conclusiones: La cuantificación y caracterización de virus en pacientes de trasplante, permite un mejor manejo clínico del paciente con infecciones oportunistas y también un manejo más adecuado de las terapias farmacológicas.
Caso Clínico: Paciente doble heterocigoto para Hemoglobina New York (HB Kaohsiung) y Alfa Talasemia (–α3.7/αα)
Authors: Pérez-Rodríguez Vivian , Alvarado-Romero Danny , Cartín-Sánchez Walter
Published: January 2022

Se reporta el caso de una paciente adulta, asintomática, sin historial familiar de anemia o enfermedades crónicas, atendida en el Laboratorio Clínico del Área de Salud de Aserrí que acude a control salud por seguimiento a tratamiento de anemia. Se revisa el histórico del expediente médico del propositus, donde se evidencia que el VCM por debajo del límite de referencia normal, hace incurrir al médico tratante en el error de asociar microcitosis con anemia ferropriva.

Sin embargo, el Laboratorio Clìnico de Aserrí cuenta con un algoritmo de donde se deriva que los índices y la morfología obtenidos en este hemograma son sugestivos de Talasemia, por lo que se envía la muestra al Laboratorio de Estudios Especializados e Investigación del Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera para realizar una electroforesis de hemoglobina. En este análisis se detecta una variante de hemoglobina.

A nuestro buen saber, no se ha descrito anteriomente un caso de doble heterocigota como el aquí mencionado, por lo que se reporta el primer caso en Costa Rica de un doble heterocigota hemoglobina New York/-3.7 Alfa Talasemia.
MEASURING FIRM PERCEPTION TO ADAPTATION of INDUSTRY 4.0: THE CASE OF TURKEY
Authors: AŞAR Ebru , BÜLBÜL Filiz , AKBULUT Mansur , BAYARSLAN Pınar , KERMEN Tunahan , FINDIK Derya
Published: January 2022

Purpose: This study aims at examining the perceptions of various layers within a firm toward integrating Industry 4.0 applications in production.
Methodology: We follow a case study approach to obtain detailed information about the selected firm. For this purpose, we focus on three sectors as machinery, food, and automotive spare parts having a strategic role in digital transformation. In total, 12 interviews with blue-collar workers, engineers, and managers are conducted in five different companies.
Findings: The results of the study are twofold. As for the senior management layer and engineers, the adaptation of Industry 4.0 applications to the firm will increase the firm efficiency. As far as its effect on employment is considered, it has been determined that the concept is not fully understood, especially by blue-collar workers, and it is not known how it will contribute to production. Production line workers, therefore, think that they will experience the threat of losing their jobs with the implementation of Industry 4.0 applications.
Originality: Despite its importance, the number of studies dealing with the difficulties, benefits, opportunities, and threats of adopting Industry 4.0 especially for developing countries is still few. This study, therefore, closes this gap by conducting a comprehensive study with various layers of the firm.
YAPI ENDÜSTRİSİNDEKİ ÜRETİM BAŞARISININ SORGULANMASI: YENİLEŞİM, OTOMASYON, DİJİTAL DÖNÜŞÜM
Authors: KORALAY Seçkin , HALICIOĞLU Fahriye
Published: January 2022

Amaç: Bir endüstrinin üretim başarısı, kaynaklarını ne kadar etkin bir biçimde dönüştürebildiği ve katılımcılarına maliyet, zaman, kalite ve kapsam gibi yönlerden ne kadar değer katabildiği ile ilişkilidir. Yapı endüstrisi, küresel düzeydeki önemine ve büyüklüğüne rağmen genel üretkenlik ortalamalarının altında kalmaktadır. Çalışmanın sorgu alanı bu durumun sebeplerini endüstrinin özgün özellikleri üzerinden değerlendirmektir. Bu kapsamda; yapı endüstrisinin üretimini diğer endüstrilere kıyasla ne kadar başarılı bir biçimde yürütebildiği, başarım düzeyini yükseltmeye yönelik son yüzyılda ne tür yenilikçi gelişmelerin yaşandığı ve bu gelişmelerin çözüm sağlamakta neden yetersiz kaldığı irdelenmektedir.
Yöntem: Çalışmada eleştirel bir inceleme yapılmaktadır.
Bulgular: Yapım sektörünün karmaşık ve özgün doğasından kaynaklı dağınık ve parçalı üretim mekanizması, robotik ve dijitalleşme gibi yenilikçi konseptlerin geliştirilmesini ve uyarlanmasını güçleştirmektedir. Başarım düzeyini yükseltmek için inşaat sektörüne özgü yenilikçi gelişmelerin radikal ve bütüncül bir yaklaşımla ele alınması gerekmektedir.
Özgünlük: Çalışma inşaat endüstrisi alanında inovasyon literatürüne katkıda bulunmaktadır.
İŞLETMELER İÇİN YENİ BİR VERİMLİLİK TEKNOLOJİSİ: DİJİTAL İKİZ
Authors: ÇALIŞ DUMAN Meral
Published: January 2022

Amaç: Bu makalenin amacı, Endüstri 4.0 ile önemi artan dijital ikiz kavramının yeri, önemi, verimliliği ve gelecekteki potansiyelini anlamak, diğer çalışmalar için temel oluşturmak adına literatüre katkı sağlamaktır.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmanın yöntemi literatür taramasıdır. Dijital ikiz ve işletmelerde kullanımı ile ilgili en güncel makaleler, bildiriler, gazete ve internet haberlerine dair örnek uygulamalar incelenerek, konu ile ilgili derinlemesine bir derleme makale çalışması yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Değerlendirme sonuçlarına göre, dijital ikiz teknolojisi işletmeler için bir çözüm yoludur. Dijital ikiz teknolojisinin katkısı ile siber fiziksel sistemler ve nesnelerin interneti başta olmak üzere Endüstri 4.0 teknolojileri daha etkin kullanılabilmektedir. Dijital ikiz, esnek, daha hızlı, kaliteli ve kişiselleştirilmiş ürünler elde edilmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. İşletmelerin tahmin etme, güvenlik, teşhis etme ve mevcut durumu sorgulamasında önemli avantaj sağlayan dijital ikizler, karar vermede isabet gücünü, ürün ve hizmetlerde kaliteyi, operasyonel faaliyetlerde hızı artırarak, toplamda işletme verimliliğini ve örgütsel performansı iyileştirip işletmelerin rekabet gücünü artırmaktadır.
Özgünlük: Dijital ikiz kavramının yeni ortaya çıkmasına bağlı olarak literatürde önemli bir boşluk bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle makale, dijital ikiz hakkında bilgi veren, üretimde faydaları ve uygulamaları üzerine odaklanan ilk yerli çalışmalar arasındadır.
Epentheorie als interdisziplinäre Methodologie.
Authors: Niedling Christian
Published: January 2022

Der Beitrag fasst die Fragestellungen und Ergebnisse der Dissertation zusammen, die sich mit den Theorien Karl Lachmanns und Andreas Heuslers zur Entstehung des Nibelungenliedes beschäftigte. Lachmann übertrug die Homer-Theorie F. A. Wolfs auf das Nibelungenlied und war der Ansicht, dass das Epos aus ursprünglich einzeln umlaufenden Liedern kompiliert wurde. Heusler kam durch den Vergleich mit nordeuropäischen Nibelungenstoffen zu dem Schluss, dass das Epos durch Anschwellung eines Liedes entstanden sei. In der Arbeit werden erstmals mündlich überlieferte heldenepische Gesänge Kareliens aus dem Bereich der Sampo-Zyklik als Forschungsmaterial für die umrissene germanistische Fragestellung verwendet.

Die Analyse der Korpustexte zeigte verfestigte Erzählkonventionen durch konstitutive Sequenzen, die den narrativen Kern des Sampo-Zyklus abbilden. Darüber hinaus stehen durch den pool of tradition optionale Sequenzen zur Verfügung, die jeweils individuell variiert werden können. Es ließen sich Verbindungen zu anderen Motivkomplexen, die Anschwellung von Liedinhalten, aber auch der Einbezug eigenständiger Liedinhalte und Allusion erkennen. Die Realisierung eines Vortrags kann als mentaler Text, als jeweils individuelle Variante eines Darbietungsspektrums verstanden werden.
Abbatissae uenerabili Heanfled agnominatae
Authors: Di Clemente Valeria
Published: January 2022

The unique Anglo-Saxon woman’s name Heanfled (S904, c. 1002 AD) is generally interpreted as a scribal error for Eanfled (or Eadfled, or Heahfled). Although the hypothesis has been dismissed in the older literature, the possibility stands that the form handed down is correct, and Heanfled might represent a (Christian) proper name in its own right, deliberately created or shaped according to the rules presiding over the formation of Germanic dithematic anthroponyms.
Openings and closings in tourist offices in Belgium, France and the Netherlands.
Authors: Tobback Els , Van den Heede Margot
Published: January 2022

This paper deals with openings and closings in 400 service encounters in tourist offices situated in Belgium’s two main language communities, Flanders and Wallonia, in the north of France and the south of the Netherlands. On the basis of a detailed, bottom-up quantitative analysis of the structural properties of the openings and closings, we draw part of the interactional profiles of the tourist office encounters. Differences between the four regions are shown to be related to the degree of volubility and involvement of the interactants and to the degree of ritualisation and efficiency of the opening and the closing section.
Pemeriksaan Kecacingan Secara Kualitatif pada Sapi Perah Friesian Holstein di KPGS Cikajang Garut
Authors: Yunizeta Refi , Siagian Tetty Barunawati
Published: January 2022

Infeksi kecacingan (helminthiasis) pada sapi perah masih kurang mendapat perhatian dari para peternak dibandingkan penyakit lain. Helminthiasis menimbulkan kerugian berupa penurunan berat badan dan produksi susu. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan metode natif dan metode pengapungan (flotasi sederhana). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguraikan informasi mengenai pemeriksaan kecacingan secara kualitatif pada sapi perah (Friesian holstein) dari beberapa kelompok peternak di KPGS Cikajang Garut. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu feses sapi perah yang diambil dari beberapa kelompok peternak di KPGS Cikajang Garut. Sampel feses diambil dari 82 ekor sapi perah. Sampel yang diambil adalah feses segar yang diambil langsung dari rektum sapi secara acak. Kemudian sampel dimasukkan ke dalam plastik ziplock untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan kualitatif feses. Pemeriksaan kualitatif yang dilakukan yaitu natif dan pengapungan. Hasil pemeriksaan terhadap 82 sampel feses menunjukkan hasil negatif. Hasil negatif disebabkan sapi perah tersebut telah diberi obat anti cacing secara rutin dan pemeliharaannya dilakukan secara baik. Obat anti cacing yang biasa diberikan pada sapi perah di KPGS Cikajang adalah Albenol-2500® (Albendazole 2500 mg) diberikan secara per oral yang dicampur pakan sapi, Intermectin® (Ivermectin 10 mg), Intermectin Super® (Ivermectin 100 mg, Clorsulon 100 mg) dan Fluconix-340® (Nitroksinil 340 mg) yang diaplikasikan secara subkutan.
O AGRESSOR E AS CIRCUNSTÂNCIAS DIANTE DAS RELAÇÕES ABUSIVAS SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA GESTALT-TERAPIA
Authors: Gracher Bianca , Meurer Luzia de Miranda
Published: January 2022

A relação abusiva pode ser considerada como o excesso de poder e de controle, na objetificação do outro, independente da violência aplicada (física, psicológica, sexual e outras) e do tipo de relação afetiva. Assim, esse estudo tem como objetivo desvelar as circunstâncias presentes nas relações abusivas em relacionamentos íntimos heteroafetivos, tendo em vista a figura do agressor na perspectiva da Gestalt-Terapia. Dessa forma, o estudo não tem como intuito justificar, mas sim compreender esses atos. A esse respeito, correlacionando o tema à abordagem gestáltica, a qual se baseia na visão do homem como um sujeito em relação com o mundo, que só pode ser apreendido por meio de um olhar holístico e um indivíduo que busca equilíbrio e autorrealização, organizando-se naturalmente para alcançar suas preferências e satisfazer suas necessidades mediante as transições com o meio. A esses fatores, buscou-se responder ao seguinte problema de pesquisa: é possível desvelar o fenômeno das relações abusivas em relacionamentos íntimos heteroafetivos, tendo em vista a figura do agressor, na perspectiva do olhar da abordagem da Gestalt-Terapia? Nesse sentido, a partir da abordagem qualitativa, foi realizada uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados científicas, nas plataformas online. Desse modo, os resultados apresentados nas unidades de análise demonstraram que mediante algumas circunstâncias, encontram-se: uso de drogas, visão estereotipada da figura masculina, falta de informações frente às leis e consequências diante dos atos abusivos praticados, falta de contato consigo, dificuldades de expressão verbal e emocional, ajustamento disfuncional, entre outros. Considera-se então que o sujeito que comete atos violentos, pode apresentar sofrimento psicológico e falta de clareza em relação às consequências de seus atos e também a falta de contato consigo e com o meio.
Quantification of methane emissions from hotspots and during COVID-19 using a global atmospheric inversion
Authors: McNorton Joe , Bousserez Nicolas , Agustí-Panareda Anna , Balsamo Gianpaolo , Engelen Richard , Huijnen Vincent , Inness Antje , Kipling Zak , Parrington Mark , Ribas Roberto
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Concentrations of atmospheric methane (CH4), the second most important greenhouse gas, continue to grow. In recent years this growth rate has increased further (2020: +14.7 ppb), the cause of which remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate a high-resolution (~80 km), short-window (24-hour) 4D-Var global inversion system based on the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) and newly available satellite observations. The largest national disagreement found between prior (63.1 Tg yr−1) and posterior (59.8 Tg yr−1) CH4 emissions is from China, mainly attributed to the energy sector. Emissions estimated form our global system agree well with previous basin-wide regional studies and point source specific studies. Emission events (leaks/blowouts) >10 t hr−1 were detected, but without accurate prior uncertainty information, were not well quantified. Our results suggest that global anthropogenic CH4 emissions for 2020 were 5.7 Tg yr−1 (+1.6 %) higher than for 2019, mainly attributed to the energy and agricultural sectors. Regionally, the largest 2020 increases were seen from China (+2.6 Tg yr−1, 4.3 %), with smaller increases from India (+0.8 Tg yr−1, 2.2 %) and Indonesia (+0.3 Tg yr−1, 2.6 %). Results show the rise in emissions, and subsequent atmospheric growth, would have occurred with or without the COVID-19 slowdown. During the onset of the global slowdown (March–April, 2020) energy sector CH4 emissions from China increased; however, during later months (May–June, 2020) emissions decreased below expected pre-slowdown levels. The accumulated impact of the slowdown on CH4 emissions from March–June 2020 is found to be small. Changes in atmospheric chemistry, not investigated here, may have contributed to the observed growth in 2020. Future work aims to develop the global IFS inversion system and to extend the 4D-Var window-length using a hybrid ensemble-variational method.
Smart in-cylinder pressure sensor for closed-loop combustion control
Authors: Vollberg Dennis , Gibson Peter , Schultes Günter , Groh Hans-Werner , Heinze Thomas
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Our approach of a closed-loop combustion control is built on an intensively evaluated robust cylinder pressure sensor with integrated smart
electronics and an openly programmed engine control unit. The presented
pressure sensor consists of a steel membrane and a highly strain-sensitive thin film with laser-welded electrical contacts. All components are
optimized for reliable operation at high temperatures. The sensor setup
safely converts the in-cylinder pressure of a combustion engine at
temperatures of up to 200 ∘C into the desired electrical values.
Furthermore, the embedded smart electronics provides a fast analogue to digital conversion and subsequently computes significant combustion parameters in real time, based on implemented thermodynamic equations,
namely the 50 % mass fraction burned, the indicated mean effective
pressure, the maximum pressure and a digital value, which represents the
intensity of knocking. Only these aggregated parameters – not the running
pressure values – are sent to the engine control unit. The data
communication between the smart sensor and the engine control unit is based
on the controller area network bus system, which is widely spread in the
automotive industry and allows a robust data transfer minimizing electrical
interferences. The established closed-loop combustion control is able to control the ignition angle in accordance with the 50 % mass fraction burned
at a certain crankshaft angle. With this loop, the combustion engine is
controlled and run efficiently even if the ignition angle is intentionally
incorrectly adjusted. The controlled and automatic correction of simulated
ageing effects is demonstrated as well as the self-adjustment of an efficient operation when different fuels are used. In addition, our approach saves the computing capacity of the engine control unit by outsourcing the data processing to the sensor system.
Process-based flood damage modelling relying on expert knowledge: a methodological contribution applied to agricultural sector
Authors: Brémond Pauline , Agenais Anne-Laurence , Grelot Frédéric , Richert Claire
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Flood damage assessment is crucial for evaluating flood management policies. In particular, properly assessing damage to the agricultural assets is important because they may have greater exposure and are complex economic systems. The modelling approaches used to assess flood damage are of several types and can be fed by damage data collected post-flood, from experiments or based on expert knowledge. The process-based models fed by expert knowledge are subject of research and also widely used in an operational way. Although identified as potentially transferable, they are in reality often case-specific and difficult to reuse in time (updatbililty) and space (transferability). In this paper, we argue that process-based models are not doomed to be context specific as far as the modelling process is rigorous. We propose a methodological framework aiming at verifying the conditions necessary to develop these models in a spirit of capitalisation by relying on four axes which are: i/ the explicitation of assumptions, ii/ the validation, iii/ the updatability, iv/ the transferability. The methodological framework is then applied to the model we have developed in France to produce national damage functions for the agricultural sector. We show in this paper that the proposed methodological framework allows an explicit description of the modelling assumptions and data used, which is necessary to consider a reuse in time or a transfer to another geographical area. We also highlight that despite the lack of feedback data on post-flood damages, the proposed methodological framework is a solid basis to consider the validation, transfer, comparison and capitalisation of data collected around process-based models relying on expert knowledge. In conclusion, we identify research tracks to be implemented to pursue this improvement in a spirit of capitalisation and international cooperation.
High-fidelity aeroelastic analyses of wind turbines in complex terrain: FSI and aerodynamic modelling
Authors: Guma Giorgia , Bucher Philipp , Letzgus Patrick , Lutz Thorsten , Wüchner Roland
Published: January 2022

Abstract. This paper shows high-fidelity Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) studies applied on the research wind turbine of the WINSENT project. In this project, two research wind turbines are going to be erected in the South of Germany in the WindForS complex terrain test field. The FSI is obtained by coupling the CFD URANS/DES code FLOWer and the multiphysics FEM solver Kratos, in which both beam and shell structural elements can be chosen to model the turbine. The two codes are coupled in both an explicit and an implicit way. The different modelling approaches strongly differ with respect to computational resources and therefore the advantages of their higher accuracy must be correlated with the respective additional computational costs. The presented FSI coupling method has been applied firstly to a single blade model of the turbine under standard uniform inflow conditions. It could be concluded that for such a small turbine, in uniform conditions a beam model is sufficient to correctly build the blade deformations. Afterwards, the aerodynamic complexity has been increased considering the full turbine with turbulent inflow conditions generated from real field data, in both a flat and complex terrains. It is shown that in these cases a higher structural fidelity is necessary. The effects of aeroelasticity are then shown on the phase-averaged blade loads, showing that using the same inflow turbulence, a flat terrain is mostly influenced by the shear, while the complex terrain is mostly affected by low velocity structures generated by the forest. Finally, the impact of aeroelasticity and turbulence on the Damage Equivalent Loading (DEL) is discussed, showing that flexibility is reducing the DEL in case of turbulent inflow, acting as a damper breaking larger cycles into smaller ones.
Gaussian mixture model for extreme wind turbulence estimation
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Natarajan Anand
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Uncertainty quantification is a necessary step in wind turbine design due to the random nature of the environmental loads, through which the uncertainty of structural loads and responses under specific situations can be quantified. Specifically, wind turbulence has a significant impact on the extreme and fatigue design envelope of the wind turbine. The wind parameters (mean and standard deviation of 10-minute wind speed) are usually not independent, and it will lead to biased results for structural reliability or uncertainty quantification assuming the wind parameters are independent. A proper probabilistic model should be established to model the correlation among wind parameters. Compared to univariate distributions, theoretical multivariate distributions are limited and not flexible enough to model the wind parameters from different sites or direction sectors. Copula-based models are used often for correlation description, but existing parametric copulas may not model the correlation among wind parameters well due to limitations of the copula structures. The Gaussian mixture model is widely applied for density estimation and clustering in many domains, but limited studies were conducted in wind energy and few used it for density estimation of wind parameters. In this paper, the Gaussian mixture model is used to model the joint distribution of mean and standard deviation of 10-minute wind speed, which is calculated from 15 years of wind measurement time series data. As a comparison, the Nataf transformation (Gaussian copula) and Gumbel copula are compared with the Gaussian mixture model in terms of the estimated marginal distributions and conditional distributions. The Gaussian mixture model is then adopted to estimate the extreme wind turbulence, which could be taken as an input to design loads used in the ultimate design limit state of turbine structures. The wind turbulence associated with a 50-year return period computed from the Gaussian mixture model is compared with what is utilized in the design of wind turbines as given in the IEC 61400-1.
The revised FLORIDyn model: Implementation of heterogeneous flow and the Gaussian wake
Authors: Becker Marcus , Ritter Bastian , Doekemeijer Bart , van der Hoek Daan , Konigorski Ulrich , Allaerts Dries , van Wingerden Jan-Willem
Published: January 2022

Abstract. In this paper a new version of the FLOw Redirection and Induction Dynamics (FLORIDyn) model is presented. The new model uses the three-dimensional parametric Gaussian FLORIS model and can provide dynamic wind farm simulations at low computational cost under heterogeneous and changing wind conditions. Both FLORIS and FLORIDyn are parametric models which can be used to simulate wind farms, evaluate controller performance and can serve as a control-oriented model. One central element in which they differ is in their representation of flow dynamics: FLORIS neglects these and provides a computationally very cheap approximation of the mean wind farm flow. FLORIDyn defines a framework which utilizes this low computational cost of FLORIS to simulate basic wake dynamics: this is achieved by creating so called Observation Points (OPs) at each time step at the rotor plane which inherit the turbine state. In this work, we develop the initial FLORIDyn framework further considering multiple aspects. The underlying FLORIS wake model is replaced by a Gaussian wake model. The distribution and characteristics of the OPs are adapted to account for the new parametric model, but also to take complex flow conditions into account. To achieve this, a mathematical approach is developed to combine the parametric model and the changing, heterogeneous world conditions and link them with each OP. We also present a computational lightweight wind field model to allow for a simulation environment in which heterogeneous flow conditions are possible. FLORIDyn is compared to SOWFA simulations in three- and nine-turbine cases under static and changing environmental conditions.The results show a good agreement with the timing of the impact of upstream state changes on downstream turbines. They also show a good agreement in terms of how wakes are displaced by wind direction changes and when the resulting velocity deficit is experienced by downstream turbines. A good fit of the mean generated power is ensured by the underlying FLORIS model. In the three turbine case, FLORIDyn simulates 4 s simulation time in 24.49 ms computational time. The resulting new FLORIDyn model proves to be a computationally attractive and capable tool for model based dynamic wind farm control.
Classification and properties of coastal wind profiles with negative gradients – an observational study
Authors: Hallgren Christoffer , Arnqvist Johan , Nilsson Erik , Ivanell Stefan , Shapkalijevski Metodija , Thomasson August , Pettersson Heidi , Sahlée Erik
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Wind profiles with a negative gradient are frequently occurring over the Baltic Sea and are important to take into consideration for offshore wind power as they affect not only the power production, but also the loads on the structure and the behavior of the wake behind the turbine. In this study, we classified non-normal profiles as wind profiles having negative shear in at least one part of the profile between 28 and 300 m: low-level jets (with a local wind maximum in the profile), profiles with a local minimum, and negative profiles. Using observations spanning over 3 years, we show that the non-normal wind profiles are common over the Baltic Sea in late spring and summer, with a peak of 40 % relative occurrence in May. Negative profiles (in the 28–300 m layer) were mostly occurring during unstable conditions, in contrast to low-level jets that primarily occurred in stable stratification. There were indications that the the zone with strong shear during low-level jets could cause a relative suppression of the variance for large turbulent eddies compared to the peak of the velocity spectra, in the layer below the jet core. Swell conditions were found to be favourable for the occurrence of negative profiles and profiles with a local minimum, as the waves fed energy into the surface layer, resulting in an increase of the wind speed from below.
L’œuvre musicale de Boubacar Diop alias Bams Kolda : étude monographique de l’expression poético-musicale d’un mal-être urbain
Authors: Baldé Hamidou
Published: January 2022

Les œuvres littéraires, cinématographiques ou musicales puisent leurs matières dans les milieux sociaux de leurs auteurs. Sous ce rapport, les productions artistiques, de quelque bord qu’elles soient, proposent des contenus dont le sens suit la courbe de l’évolution des groupes communautaires. Si en toile de fond des pages d’un texte littéraire se font entendre souvent en sourdine les préoccupations majeures de l’auteur, les notes musicales, elles, également accompagnent des paroles régulièrement plaintives de l’artiste-compositeur. Dans le répertoire musical de Boubacar Diop dit Bams, la fibre contestataire ou révolutionnaire apparaît aussi bien dans le creuset thématique que dans la mixité de la langue de travail. L’œuvre de cet artiste se prête bien à l’approche transdisciplinaire permettant une mise en relation entre littérature et musique.
Sarah Bernhardt’s presence in Montréal Québec
Authors: Lee Amanda , De Viveiros Geneviève
Published: January 2022

During the summer 2021 and under the direction of Geneviève De Viveiros, Amanda Lee produced a large portion of this study based on Sarah Bernhardt’s performances in Canada as they occurred between 1800 and 1918 and were studied by John Hare and Ramon Hathron, who included in their records her repertoire and the dates of her performances as well as critical opinions from various print sources. When Montréal constructed its francophone theater and its artistic infrastructure it quickly caught up with anglophone venues. Catholic institutions became increasingly adverse to Bernhardt deemed unworthy to represent the desired link to the French Catholic cultural bridge with the former motherland, in a context that revealed itself anti-women as well as anti-Semitic for this respected actress of Jewish ancestry, yet so famous for her French elocution. Bernhardt’s sulphureous reputation festered when she was reported as accusing people from Québec to be Iroquois or under religious guidance, setting her friend Louis Fréchette apart from the benighted crowd. Conversely, contrary to the increasingly negative reception of Bernhardt’s performances in the early 1900s, and the association of Jewish immigrants with Anglophone communities, Yiddish theatre saw a massive and fragmented growth between 1905-1910. By 1913, there were a total of three permanent professional Yiddish theatre troupes in the city.
Optimization of the process of banana flour preparation
Authors: Vithu P.
Published: January 2022

Banana (Musa paradisiaca) is a cheap source of carbohydrates and micronutrients. Converting banana into flour can help to obtain a consistent ingredient for bakery foods while preventing the post-production losses of this bulky and perishable food source. Hence a study has been undertaken to standardize the drying protocol for banana flour preparation. The effects of the different temperature-treatment combination on drying of banana were studied. Experiments were done at 50°C, 60°C and 70°C (without any treatment, with citric acid dipping and with combined citric acid and blanching process) and the variation in the quality of the dehydrated material was studied. The results showed that drying at 70°C followed by 0.5% citric acid treatment for 10 min, in 24h, in non-circulating natural convection air dryer was the optimal protocol concerning better quality parameters like water activity, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, microbial contamination and the time taken to complete the drying process.
Performance evaluation of throat type updraft biomass gasifier using different biomass fuels
Authors: Vyas D. K.
Published: January 2022

A biomass gasifier converts solid fuel such as wood waste, saw-dust briquettes and agro-residues into a gaseous fuel through a thermo-chemical process and the resultant gas can be used for thermal and power generation applications. The present research aims to evaluate the updraft biomass gasifier using different biomass for thermal application. The capacity of updraft gasifier was a 5-10 kg.h-1 and three types of biomass: maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes were used as fuel for producing producer gas by thermal application. The maximum carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2) and Methane (CH4) found were 14.8, 12.7 and 3.9%, 14.6, 13.7 and 3.9 % and 14.2, 13.5 and 3.9% at 5 kg.h-1 biomass consumption rate, respectively using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes as fuel. The maximum and minimum producer gas calorific value was found 1120 and 1034 kcal.m-3; 1139 and 1034 kcal.m-3 and 1123 and 1036 kcal.m-3 at biomass consumption rate of 5 and 10 kg.h-1 using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes as fuel respectively. The maximum gasifier efficiency of 77.94, 70.26 and 69.60% was found at the biomass consumption rate of 5 kg.h-1 using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes as fuel, respectively. The minimum gasifier efficiency of 72.72, 64.49 and 64.90 % was found at the biomass consumption rate of 10 kg.h-1 using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes as fuel in the system, respectively. The maximum overall thermal efficiency of 29.60, 30.65 and 23.69 % were found at the biomass consumption rates of 8, 7 and 7 kg.h-1 using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes, respectively.
‘Cash Waqf’ and Islamic Microfinance: Untapped Economic Opportunities
Authors: Md Saad Norma , Anuar Azizah
Published: January 2022

The success of microfinance programmes in alleviating poverty in many countries has spurred the development of faith-based microfinance institutions. Muslims have combined certain elements in Islamic finance and microfinance to create a new programme called ‘Islamic microfinance’ and use it as a tool to fight poverty in their community. Even though microfinance is proven successful in fighting poverty, current microfinance practised by commercial banks in Malaysia has several shortcomings. Current weaknesses include stringent credit evaluation and missing the real target group, i.e., the poor and the needy. Furthermore, the mode of financing is mostly personal loan using bay’ al-‘inah, whereby the use of the loan is to fulfil personal consumption instead of income-generating activities. Given these shortcomings, the article explores the possibility of using ‘cash waqf’ as a new source of funding for Islamic microfinance and proposes a new concept and application of Islamic microfinance so that it is truly in line with the Islamic spirit of microfinance. It is hoped that with this new concept and application of Islamic microfinance, the use of microfinance genuinely caters for the needs of the poor as well as generating socio-economic growth of the Muslim ummah.
Malaysia's Journey Toward Becoming Truly Independent Nation
Authors: Wan Daud Wan Mohd Nor
Published: January 2022

Being properly cognizant of our achievements after more than half a century of independence - no matter how small - can be building blocks for bigger and greater successes; and conversely, recognising our major and lingering weaknesses can be useful in eliminating encumbrances that will sap our energy and waste our already limited resources - both human and otherwise - which may unravel the achievements that have been attained with great difficulty. However, independence is really a multi-levelled challenge. Merely obtaining political independence from colonial powers is not enough. Higher level independence starts with the freedom and independence of the mind to think and act according to the highest principles of knowledge and worthy traditions of a nation. Our challenges are therefore mostly centred on the higher intellectual level.
Bilveer Singh: The Talibanization of Southeast Asia: Losing the War on Terror to Islamist Extremists
Authors: Harun Ruhanas
Published: January 2022

The terrorist attack on the New York twin towers on 11 September 2001 has resulted in a number of works on terrorism committed by Muslims in the name of Islam. Bilveer Singh’s book is one of those which try to explain the radicalisation of Muslim societies in Southeast Asia - termed as ‘talibanisation’. Since the Bali attacks on 12 October 2002, a number of articles and books have been published examining the nature and extent of the militant Islamic threat in the region, and Bilveer Singh’s Talibanization of Southeast Asia falls into this category. The book is, of course, not the first of its kind in trying to understand the question of the emergence of militant Islam in the region. It is extremely informative, especially on Jemaah Islamiah (JI), as the author has collected and put together various information and earlier writings on the issue, as evident in the bibliography, chronology and appendixes provided.
Honour in Different Cultures and Legal Systems
Authors: Giordano Christian
Published: January 2022

This article intends to point up characteristics shared by societies in which honour still retains a major social significance. These affinities must obviously not be regarded as cultural constants but rather as ‘family resemblances’ between analogous yet distinct socio-cultural phenomena. Unlike most authors who represent honour as the expression of specific moral values or religious belonging, this article endeavours to highlight the importance of transactional and interactional social aspects that characterise the ongoing rivalries, tensions and conflicts between groups and individuals with a view to confirm their own status, prestige and reputation. Under this aspect, the struggle for the recognition and permanent management of one’s own social standing or class-belonging becomes crucial, not least because status, prestige and reputation ultimately grant easier access to economic resources. Symbolic capital grounded in honour can be turned into economic capital, while loss of honour may lead to being excluded from activities that guarantee forms of prosperity, albeit limited. This point of view allows explaining phenomena deemed criminal, such as ‘honour killings’, while avoiding any ethnocentric prejudice.
Debt Management with a Conscience
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: January 2022

The inner stability and resilience of Islamic finance will not hold, and the low risk element therein is bound to diminish unless the shari'ah principles are diligently observed. The world experienced two major financial crises within a decade: the currency and stock market crises of 1997-98, and now a crippling recession that began with the US subprime debacle caused by excessive lending to borrowers unable to make repayment. Both originated in ‘asset bubbles’ and unlimited creation of fiat money that loaded the market with the sale of debts, or bay' al-dayn, as it is known in the jargon of shari'ah law. Dealing in debts that lacked any asset base overwhelmed the financial system.
Religious Education and the Challenge of Modernity
Authors: Hazri Tengku Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Religious education today confronts modernity in more complex ways than is readily acknowledged. The flourishing of Islamic educational establishments in the West - the newly-founded Cambridge Muslim College in the United Kingdom and Zaytuna College in the United States come to mind - inevitably raises fundamental questions pertaining to Muslim religiosity. The survival of religious education distinct from the modern one is, so the criticism goes, suggestive of the failure of Islam to come to terms with modernity, as it clings resiliently to the relic of a bygone era. At the other end of the spectrum, Muslims often express their dismay at the failure of modern education to address their spiritual needs. It was Seyyed Hossein Nasr (b. 1933) - Professor of Islamic Studies at George Washington University in the United States, one of the world’s foremost Islamic philosophers and a renowned scholar of comparative religion – who once lamented over the ease with which modern education instils doubt in the faith of the Muslims. Is reconciliation then possible? We think in the affirmative, and the solution is to be found by inquiring into the philosophical underpinnings that support these systems.
A Malaysian Perspective on Qur'anic Governance: Family Autonomy vs. State Intervention
Authors: Kamaruddin Zaleha
Published: January 2022

‘Good governance’ is considered a crucial element for peace and development of societies, because it implies good order and good policies. In the context of the family institution, this is a must in order to ensure that the basic unit of society is protected from destruction. In relation to this, most scholars have acknowledged that all over the world, the family has undergone radical transformations in response to the changing socio-economic environment. However, the breadth and depth of this change in the realm of good governance has often been neglected. This article begins by examining contemporary challenges confronting the family institution. Justifications for state intervention through the existing family laws in Malaysia as one of the mechanisms in protecting the family will also be analysed. To ensure that family stability can be maintained and developed, ‘qur'anic governance’ is proposed as a mechanism for social transformation.
Islamic Affinities with New Sciences and Technologies
Authors: Winkel Eric
Published: January 2022

Science and Technology (ST) understood as mechanical Newtonian physics and industry has indeed bypassed Muslim societies - and that’s a good thing. Because with the new ST Muslims can become full participants rather than passive recipients. From the 1960s and 1970s, a few Muslim thinkers sounded the alarm about ST (e.g., Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Ismail Faruqi, and Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas). They were aware that Muslim societies were trying to catch up and join a system of knowledge and technological tools that were both ontologically opposed to Islam and harmful to Muslim cultures. At the same time, thinkers in the West were horrified at the implications of ST for the natural world and for human freedom (e.g., Theodore Roszak, Jerry Mander, Lewis Mumford, Jacques Ellul). Today, from intellectual discourse to popular culture and movies, the idea that the old science and technology has gone wrong is easy to find and accept.
The Maqsad of Hifz al-Din is Liberal Religious Freedom Sufficient for the Shari'ah?
Authors: March Andrew F.
Published: January 2022

This article examines some treatments of the meaning and extension of the Islamic legal purpose (maqsad) of protecting religion (hifz al-din), with an eye towards Islamic legal theorists’ explicit or implicit encounter with modern liberal and secularist understandings of what it means to ‘protect religion’. The theory of the ‘purposes of divine law’ (maqasid al-shari'ah), which the author refers to as a form of ‘Complex Purposivism’ in legal interpretation and argumentation, is often viewed as a panacea for modern reformers and pragmatists who want to establish Islamic legitimacy for new substantive moral, legal and political commitments in new socio-political conditions, because it allows Muslims to ask not whether a given norm has been expressly endorsed within the texts, but whether it is compatible with the deeper goods and interests which God wants to protect through the Law.
The Maqasid Aspects of Sukuk (Islamic Bonds) and Civilisational Renewal (Tajdid Hadari)
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: January 2022

The following paragraphs basically supplement this writer’s discussion on the methodology of maqasid which featured in the first article of this volume, albeit with a more specialised focus. Here we shall look at the maqasid in conjunction with two themes, one of which highlights a certain violation of the maqasid in the issuance of sukuk, and the other expounding an affirmative reading of maqasid in conjunction with the larger theme of civilisational renewal. Both of these view the maqasid from slightly different angles. The discussion below features four sections.