bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The caves of Sierra de Atapuerca and human use of the karst landscape during the Pleistocene (Burgos, Spain)
Authors: Ortega A.I. , Benito-Calvo A. , Martín M.A. , Pérez-González A. , Parés J.M. , Bermúdez de Castro J.M. , Arsuaga J.L. , Carbonell E.
Published: April 2018

The Sierra de Atapuerca karst is an interesting inactive multilevel cave system, which is the result of the action of ancient base levels during the Plio-Pleistocene. It contains one of the most important prehistoric sites for the understanding of old settlements in Eurasia, and was listed by the UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000. These caves were formed on the bases of sub-horizontal conduits with SN paleo-drainage, with the discharge zone located in the head of Pico river. The conduits are organized into three main levels that appear perched between 90 and 60 m above the current course of the Arlanzón River, coinciding with the base levels generated mainly by the fluvial terraces T2, T3 and T5. Incision of the water table released the upper ducts from the action of water while the lower levels were being developed in the phreatic zone. The vadose caves would have been used by wildlife and hominids for more than 1.2 Ma, preserving the important archaeo-paleontological records of the Early and Middle Pleistocene.
Fluvial dynamics during the Early Upper Holocene in the Vinalopó middle watercourse (Alicante, Spain)
Authors: Ferrer García C.
Published: April 2018

This paper presents the geomorphological and stratigraphical study of several sequences of fluvial terraces in the centre of the Vinalopó River and the sedimentological analysis (grain size) of depositional sequences in the archaeological site of EDAR in Monforte del Cid (1st century BC). Both studies allow us to pinpoint fluvial sedimentary dynamics during the first part of the upper Holocene (5000 BC - 400 AD) in an arid environment in south-eastern Spain. The analysis of the territory occupation allows us to relate sedimentary processes with human activity. The fluvial system has had a complex sedimentary evolution. Sedimentary aggradation processes are relevant, particularly from the 5th-4th century BC up to the 3rd-4th century AD. Between these periods slow depositional processes alternated with quasi-stability phases are documented, in a more humid climate than the current context. These geomorphological processes appear to have had a direct relationship with the level of human pressure on the basin, at least since the third century BC. This modest geoarchaeological approach provides relevant data to the discussion about the impact of human activitiy on the fluvial sedimentary dynamics.
Geomorphology and environmental change around the Punic sites of the Terralba plain (Oristano Gulf, Sardinia, Italy)
Authors: Ruiz J.M. , Carmona P. , Gómez-Bellard C. , Van Dommelen P.
Published: April 2018

We report a geomorphological study of the coastal plain of Terralba (SW coast of the island of Sardinia, Italy) in order to contextualize the high concentration of Punic rural settlements and analyze the environmental changes. The methodology is based on a detailed geomorphological study and sedimentological analysis of several records from different environments in artificial cuts and cores (chronology from archaeological remains and 14C dating). The study was also completed with information from various cartographic sources, and historical and geoarchaeological data. The Punic sites are located on a wide alluvial plain, modelled by aeolian sand mantles and wetlands, between the floodplain of the Sitzerri-Mannu and Mogoro rivers. Extensive aeolian units (Holocene and Pleistocene) are the most characteristic features of the geomorphology of the area. The results provide useful information on the environmental context of the Punic settlements on the coastal plain of Terralba, while evidence of significant geomorphological and environmental changes were found for over two millennia affecting the coastline, lagoon, marsh, aeolian and fluviodeltaic environments. The emergence of fresh water in the “paulis” or small depressions interspersed between dunes and well-drained soils suitable for cultivation have been a factor in the settlement of Punic farms.
Historical mapping and geoarchaeological reconstruction of the Roman city of Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza, Spain)
Authors: Longares Aladrén L.A. , Peña-Monné J.L. , Escudero Escudero F. , Pérez-Lambán F.
Published: April 2018

In this paper we provide a reconstruction of the topography and characteristics of the terrain of Caesar Augusta (the Roman name of the present-day city of Zaragoza). This reconstruction has been modelled using GIS and integrating the topographic map drawn by Casañal in 1880 –previous to the main urban transformations-with geomorphological, geoarchaeological and archaeological data. Caesar Augusta was founded by Romans near the Ebro River in the 1st century BC in the same place where there was a previous Iberian settlement (Salduie). The urban area occupied a quaternary fluvial terrace in the confluence of the rivers Ebro and Huerva. The terrace stands about 10 m above these rivers, with a varying height between 208-200 masl. The present-day urban topography has suffered many transformations throughout history; therefore, it is impossible to reconstruct the original morphology of the land where the Romans decided to build their town in the past. We have used ArcGIS Desktop 10.0 and its platforms ArcMap and ArcScene for managing and analysing the data. 3D models show many fine topographic features that in were overlooked previous maps. These models are complemented with information about the underground geologic nature, which is known through the observations made in several archaeological excavations. The model derived from Casañal´s map and complementary data is only valid for general reconstructions, but it has enhanced our knowledge of many elements of Caesar Augusta (topography of the Decumanus and Cardo maximus, sewage system, moats, wall, theatre, forum), making it possible to better understand the geomorphology and fluvial evolution of the city of Zaragoza.
Hybrid Compounds in the Search for Alternative Chemotherapeutic Agents against Neglected Tropical Diseases
Authors: Herrera Acevedo Chonny , Scotti Luciana , Alves Mateus F. , de F.F.M. Diniz Margareth , Tullius Scotti Marcus
Published: April 2018

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than a billion people worldwide, mainly populations living in poverty conditions. More than 56% of annual NTD deaths are caused by Leishmaniasis, Sleeping sickness, and Chagas disease. For these three diseases, many problems have been observed with the chemotherapeutic drugs commonly used, these being mainly resistance, high toxicity, and low efficacy. In the search for alternative treatments, hybridization is an interesting approach, which generates new molecules by merging two pharmacophores and then looking for improvements in biological activity or reduced compound toxicity. Here, we review various studies that present such hybrid molecules with promising in vitro and in vivo activities against Leishmania and Trypanosoma parasites.
MESTRADOS PROFISSIONAIS NA ÁREA DE EDUCAÇÃO E ENSINO
Authors: Sousa Clarilza Prado , Placco Vera Souza
Published: April 2018

O texto procura discutir dois dos desafios que programas de Mestrado Profissional (MP) enfrentam atualmente, para constituir uma identidade funcional que os distinga dos mestrados acadêmicos e mantenham a qualidade acadêmica desejável.Partimos do pressuposto que os MP têm um compromisso com um impacto mais preciso em relação à educação básica, respondendo à sua realidade e demandas, e que sua proposição deve estar alinhada com os resultados de uma política voltada para a melhoria da qualidade do ensino. Assim, procura-se contribuir para o delineamento das necessidades e compromisso educacional que um MP deve atender. O primeiro desafio destes MP diz respeito à interpretação que têm feito das necessidades do contexto educacional para definir suas propostas. O segundo diz respeito às possibilidades de como formar o professor. Considerando os fundamentos consolidados da área de formação, é possível ultrapassar as disputas entre comunidades epistêmicas, propondo uma formação completa e complexa do profissional da educação.
IMPACTS OF BUDGE BUDGE POWER PLANT ON ITS SURROUNDINGS AND FLY ASH MANAGEMENT
Authors: Mondal Mitra
Published: April 2018

Due to the presence of toxic metals, dumping of fly ash is causing ever-growing environmental problem including the pollution of air, water and soil. The present study investigates the possible environmental impacts associated with the land disposal of fly ash generated in the power plant of Budge Budge. This paper attempts to highlight the effects of fly ash on its srroundings and management of it to make use of this solid waste, in order to save environment.
Multicomponent mHealth Intervention for Large, Sustained Change in Multiple Diet and Activity Risk Behaviors: The Make Better Choices 2 Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Spring Bonnie , Pellegrini Christine , McFadden H G , Pfammatter Angela Fidler , Stump Tammy K , Siddique Juned , King Abby C , Hedeker Donald
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Prevalent co-occurring poor diet and physical inactivity convey chronic disease risk to the population. Large magnitude behavior change can improve behaviors to recommended levels, but multiple behavior change interventions produce small, poorly maintained effects.

OBJECTIVE

The Make Better Choices 2 trial tested whether a multicomponent intervention integrating mHealth, modest incentives, and remote coaching could sustainably improve diet and activity.

METHODS

Between 2012 and 2014, the 9-month randomized controlled trial enrolled 212 Chicago area adults with low fruit and vegetable and high saturated fat intakes, low moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and high sedentary leisure screen time. Participants were recruited by advertisements to an open-access website, screened, and randomly assigned to either of two active interventions targeting MVPA simultaneously with, or sequentially after other diet and activity targets (N=84 per intervention) or a stress and sleep contact control intervention (N=44). They used a smartphone app and accelerometer to track targeted behaviors and received personalized remote coaching from trained paraprofessionals. Perfect behavioral adherence was rewarded with an incentive of US $5 per week for 12 weeks. Diet and activity behaviors were measured at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months; primary outcome was 9-month diet and activity composite improvement.

RESULTS

Both simultaneous and sequential interventions produced large, sustained improvements exceeding control (P<.001), and brought all diet and activity behaviors to guideline levels. At 9 months, the interventions increased fruits and vegetables by 6.5 servings per day (95% CI 6.1-6.8), increased MVPA by 24.7 minutes per day (95% CI 20.0-29.5), decreased sedentary leisure by 170.5 minutes per day (95% CI –183.5 to –157.5), and decreased saturated fat intake by 3.6% (95% CI –4.1 to –3.1). Retention through 9-month follow-up was 82.1%. Self-monitoring decreased from 96.3% of days at baseline to 72.3% at 3 months, 63.5% at 6 months, and 54.6% at 9 months (P<.001). Neither attrition nor decline in self-monitoring differed across intervention groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Multicomponent mHealth diet and activity intervention involving connected coaching and modest initial performance incentives holds potential to reduce chronic disease risk.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01249989; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01249989 (Archived by WebCite at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01249989).
Mobile Phone–Based Telemedicine Practice in Older Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Sun Chenglin , Sun Lin , Xi Shugang , Zhang Hong , Wang Huan , Feng Yakun , Deng Yufeng , Wang Haimin , Xiao Xianchao , Wang Gang , Gao Yuan , Wang Guixia
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Previous studies on telemedicine interventions have shown that older diabetic patients experience difficulty in using computers, which is a barrier to remote communication between medical teams and older diabetic patients. However, older people in China tend to find it easy to use mobile phones and personal messaging apps that have a user-friendly interface. Therefore, we designed a mobile health (mHealth) system for older people with diabetes that is based on mobile phones, has a streamlined operation interface, and incorporates maximum automation.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of the research was to investigate the use of mobile phone–based telemedicine apps for management of older Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Variables of interest included efficacy and safety.

METHODS

A total of 91 older (aged over 65 years) patients with T2DM who presented to our department were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Patients in the intervention group (n=44) were provided glucometers capable of data transmission and received advice pertaining to medication, diet, and exercise via the mHealth telemedicine system. Patients assigned to the control group (n=47) received routine outpatient care with no additional intervention. Patients in both groups were followed up at regular 3-month intervals.

RESULTS

After 3 months, patients in the intervention group showed significant (P<.05) improvement in postprandial plasma glucose level. After 6 months, patients in the intervention group exhibited a decreasing trend in postprandial plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels compared with the baseline and those in the control group (P<.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Mobile phone–based telemedicine apps help improve glycemic control in older Chinese patients with T2DM.

CLINICALTRIAL

China Clinical Trial Registration Center ChiCTR 1800015214; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=25949 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/73wKj1GMq).
A escola como um espaço de democratização do acesso às TIC - uma perspectiva educomunicativa
Authors: Vieira Wanessa Matos , Sartori Ademilde Silveira
Published: April 2018

RESUMO
O objetivo do presente artigo é perceber como a democratização do acesso às TIC nas escolas propicia a construção da ciberdemocracia. Em um mundo no qual o acesso à tecnologia praticamente se tornou sinônimo de participação efetiva na sociedade, é de fundamental importância que a escola leve a tecnologia para mais perto de seu aluno e se torne um espaço de democratização do acesso às TIC. Sendo assim, a escola se apresenta como um ambiente capaz de fazer imergir tais tecnologias a serviço da ciberdemocracia e de incentivo à participação dos alunos na Esfera Pública. Ao se utilizar de diferentes mídias que colaboram para a criação de um ambiente comunicativo, as TIC têm um papel fundamental na sociedade da informação, e por meio de programas, leis, ou planos de incentivo ao acesso democrático como o PROINFO/MEC (2007), a escola deve proporcionar um ambiente em que as TIC estejam à disposição do aluno. Baseado nestes preceitos, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar o tema da democratização do acesso fazendo interface com os conceitos da Educomunicação. A pesquisa bibliográfica realizada para o presente artigo traz autores como Lévy (1999; 2003), Castells (2003), Sartori (2010; 2015), Soares (2011) entre outros que corroboram com o objetivo da pesquisa.
Educação e tecnologia: o uso do filme como fator de educação filosófica
Authors: Reina Alessandro , Balduino Horn Geraldo
Published: April 2018

RESUMO O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a utilização do filme como um recurso tecnológico, com forte potencialidade voltada a aprendizagem da filosofia, servindo tanto como educação do pensamento quanto um elemento de formação cultural. Aborda primeiramente a utilização do filme como um recurso tecnológico e sua utilização em sala de aula voltada a aprendizagem da filosofia e, posteriormente como fator de educação do pensamento e de formação cultural por meio da prática cineclubista. Tanto o uso do filme em sala de aula quanto por meio dos cineclubes, converte-se como um instrumento pedagógico importante, tendo em vista a construção de um itinerário de formação filosófico, social e cultural por meio do cinema.   Palavras Chaves: Filmes; Filosofia; Cinema; Cineclubes; Educação. ABSTRACT The following paper aims to discuss the use of movies as a technological resource. Such resource has great potential for learning philosophy, serving for reasoning and as an element of cultural formation. It deals first with the use of movies as a technological resource and its use in the classroom as a learning philosophy tool, later as reasoning practice and cultural formation by setting movie clubs. The use of movies in the classroom and movie clubs become an important pedagogical tool when it comes to the construction of a way of philosophical, social and cultural formation through motion pictures. Keywords: Movies; Philosophy; Motion pictures; Movie clubs; Education.   RESUMEN l presente artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la utilización de la película como un recurso tecnológico, con fuerte potencialidad orientada al aprendizaje de la filosofía, sirviendo tanto como educación del pensamiento como un elemento de formación cultural. En primer lugar se refiere al uso de la película como un recurso tecnológico y su utilización en el aula orientada al aprendizaje de la filosofía y, posteriormente, como factor de educación del pensamiento y de formación cultural a través de la práctica cineclubista. Tanto el uso de la película en el aula como por medio de los cineclubes, se convierte en un instrumento pedagógico importante, con vistas a la construcción de un itinerario de formación filosófico, social y cultural por medio del cine.   Palabras Clave: Películas; Filosofía; Cine; Cineclubes; Educación. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22169/revint.v12i27.1322
Decision-making self-efficacy mediates the peer support–career exploration relationship
Authors: Zhang Huafeng , Huang Haitao
Published: April 2018

We explored the mediating effect of decision-making self-efficacy in the relationship between undergraduates' perceived career-related peer support and career exploration. Participants were 650 junior and senior undergraduates from 6 public universities in Shanghai, China. The key results
were as follows: (1) career information and suggestion, emotional support, and peer role models were the 3 dominant factors of career-related peer support; (2) career-related peer support was positively and significantly correlated with career exploration; and (3) career decision-making self-efficacy
mediated the relationship between career-related peer support and career exploration. Specifically, career information and suggestion and peer role models provided proximal and distal support, promoting individuals' career exploration not only directly but also indirectly through career decision-making
self-efficacy. In comparison, emotional support from peers provided only distal support, promoting individual career exploration indirectly through career decision-making self-efficacy. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings, study limitations, and future research directions
are discussed.
Seasonality of consumers' third-party online complaining behavior
Authors: Lee Seungsin , Park Jungkun , Hyun Hyowon , Back Seungyup , Bryan Lee Sukhyung , Gunn Frances , Ahn Jiseon
Published: April 2018

We examined consumer complaining behavior on a third-party website at different times during a 1-year period, with a focus on seasonal differences in complaints made during the year. We collected 1,799 complaints as data from the website and applied both content analysis and critical
incident technique to identify whether or not there were seasonal differences in reasons for reporting complaints and the frequency of complaints. Results showed that there were differences in frequency and type of complaint between the nonholiday shopping season and the holiday shopping season
from Thanksgiving to Christmas. Our findings contribute to a topic on which there is a paucity of empirical research.
RETENSI FENOLAT BUBUR INSTAN FUNGSIONAL SELAMA PENYIMPANAN PADA SUHU RUANG
Authors: Nurakhirawati Nurakhirawati , Nurhaeni Nurhaeni , Irpan Irpan
Published: April 2018

Fenolat retention of porridge instant functional for storage at room temperature. Has been done this study aims to determine the retention of instant porridge phenolics during storage as well as to determine the shelf life of instant porridge at room temperature. Estimation of shelf life or expiration period using the model of reaction kinetics. The treatment phase of the study include purple sweet potato flour manufacture, processing, instant porridge, instant porridge and storage at room temperature. Analysis of phenolics in instant porridge be done every 7 days for 56 days using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 765 nm. The data obtained is used to determine the shelf life of instant porridge. The results obtained show the retention levels of phenolics on day 0 was 100% and at day 56 was 27.911% and the expiration of a functional instant porridge is 55 daysKeywords: Phenols, functional porridge, Fenolat Retention, Shelf Life, reaction kinetics model
DAFTAR ISI
Authors: Isi Daftar
Published: April 2018

Daftar Isi
EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI EKSTRAK ZAT WARNA RUMPUT LAUT (Eucheuma cottonii)
Authors: Veronika Henny H. , Mappiratu Mappiratu , Sumarni Ni Ketut
Published: April 2018

This study was done for the following purposes: to found solution pH as an extract to result from an extract color substance with high concentration to found time of extraction which result extract with high concentration. Determination of the best eluent which can be used in the separation of pigmented compound from the extract, by using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and determination of spectrum for each functional molecule. This study was done by a maceration-extraction method, determination of pH using phosphate buffer pH 5-6 and time of extraction during 1-4 hour, separation based on TLC and analysis FTIR spectrums. The result showed that ethanol extract of Eucheuma cottonii was contained the ficoeritrine compound. This extract has appeared brown yellow in acid solution and base solution with high absorbance at pH 9 and time extraction at 1 hour. Maximum absorbance from the extract was 330 nm and the best eluent in separation of this chemical by TLC preparation, it was mixture of Chloroform-Acetic Acid-Ethanol in composition of 30 : 15 : 2 (v/v/v), which indicating there were at least four compounds within the extract, two of these were coloring brown yellow and other two were colorless and it was free hydroxyl function and bind in hydrogen bound, also C=O function.Key words: Extraction, Eucheuma cottonii, buffer phospat, TLC.
SINTESIS KARBOKSIMETIL SELULOSA (CMC) DARI SELULOSA KULIT DURIAN (Durio zibethinus)
Authors: Safitri Dini , Rahim Erwin Abdul , Prismawiryanti Prismawiryanti , Sikanna Rismawati
Published: April 2018

The investigation about of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) of Durian peel  (Durio zibethinus) cellulose has been done. The research aim is to determine the best ratio of sodium mono-chloroacetate toward cellulose and is to determine the reaction time in the synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose of durian peel in order to obtain the highest substitution degree. The applied of ratio variations and reaction time were 5:5, 6:5, 7:5, 8:5, 9:5 grams and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, respectively. The result showed that the best ratio of sodium mono-chloroacetate toward cellulose was 7:5 gram with yields and the substitution degree of 39.39% and 1.17, respectively. The best time reaction was found at 4 hours with yields and the substitution degree of 39.77 % and 1.2, respectively. Keywords: Durian peel, carboxymethyl cellulose, substitution degree.
ANALISIS KADAR α-TOKOFEROL (VITAMIN E) DALAM DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera Lam) DARI DAERAH PESISIR DAN PEGUNUNGAN SERTA POTENSINYA SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN
Authors: Mubarak Khalil , Natsir Hasnah , Wahab Abd. Wahid , Satrimafitrah Pasjan
Published: April 2018

Alpha-tocopherol, a major vitamin E component, functions as an antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in a living organism. Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves are rich source of carotenoids and -tocopherol. This research was aimed to determine the concentration of α-tocopherol and examine the activity of moringa leaves (Moringa  oleifera L.) crude extracts as an antioxidant. Sample used in this research were juvenile and adult moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L), which were taken from seashore of Barru regency and highland of Soppeng regency. Extraction of the leaves was carried out by reflux method using ethanol as a solvent, and then evaporated to produce concentrated ethanol extract. Analyzes were detected at wavelenght of 510.20 nm using UV-Vis Spectroscopy, the results indicated that concentration of α-tocopherol extracted from juvenile and adult moringa leaves from seashore area were 104.52 mg/100g and 11.419 mg/100g respectively, whilst the leaves from highland area gave a concentration of 134.4 mg/100g and 114.918 mg/100g. Next, we examined the antioxidant activity of each type of leaf using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) methods at the wavelength of 515 nm. The IC50 results data showed that ethanol extract of juvenile and adult leaves from seashore area were 172.71 μg/mL and 258.92 μg/mL respectively, and categorized as weak antioxidant. Adversely, juvenile leaves from highland area gave a result of 97.79 μg/mL and categorized as strong antioxidant; while adult leaves from the same area gave a values of 143.14 μL/mL and categorized as medium antioxidant. Vitamin E and BHT were used as control and had higher values compared to all samples.Keywords: α-tocopherol, antioxidant, Moringa oleifera leaves, DPPH, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer.
POTENSI PRODUKSI BIOFUEL DARI BIOMASSA FITOPLANKTON LAUT SPESIES Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella salina DAN Spirulina sp., YANG DITUMBUHKAN DALAM NUTRIEN UNGGUL “MSSIP” TERINDUKSI ION LOGAM Fe, Co, DAN Ni
Authors: Kasim Syahruddin , Taba Paulina , Raya Indah , Ruslan Ruslan
Published: April 2018

Research about composition of superior nutrients, growth parameters, and best method to maximize production of biomass sea phytoplankton, Chlorella  vulgaris, Dunaliella salina, and Spirulina sp. has been performed. The nutrients was named as MSSIP which were consist of following compositions: urea fertilizer, Arschat-M nutrient, Fe:Co:Ni metal ions (6 : 3 : 9 : 6 : 3). Methods used were identification and analysis of sea phytoplankton.  Determination of optimum growth condition, pure culture, and mass culture were using local raw materials-based engineered nutrients or MSSIP (M. Sjahrul-Syahruddin Kasim-Indah Raya-Paulina Taba). Determination of product density of sea phytoplankton biomass, analyses of carbohydrate content, and lipid biomass were done by using haemocytometer and microscope, Luff Schrol method, and soxhlet method (n-hexane as solvent), respectively. Morphology of phytoplankton was identified by using a digital camera microscope, SZ60/sZ60-61. Furthermore, to understand the effect of metal ions, Fe, Co, and Ni added into MSSIP nutrient, identification of nutrient before and after culturing process were done using XRF-Thermo-Fisher.  The results showed that Chlorella  vulgaris, Dunaliella salina, and Spirulina sp. were suitable as raw materials  to produce biofuel. Those three phytoplankton contained 0,3095 g/L, 0,3782 g/L, and 0,3325 g/L biomass, 32,49%w/w, 31,58%w/w, and 29,81%w/w carbohydrates; and  25,95%w/w, 26,82%w/w and 24,53%w/w lipid, respectively. Best optimum condition of culture were salinity of 30-35%, temperature of 20-30 °C, pH of 8-9, initial density of 2.5 x 104 cell/mL, light exposure of 40 watt, and continuously aerated with CO2. Based on our study, sea phytoplankton, Chlorella  vulgaris, Dunaliella salina, and Spirulina sp. have a high potency as source of bioethanol and biodiesel.Keywords: mass culture, superior nutrient MSSIP, sea phytoplankton biomass, Fe, Co, Ni metal ions
PENENTUAN WAKTU PARUH ENZIM AMILASE AMOBIL DARI KECAMBAH KACANG HIJAU (Phaseolus aureus) PADA PRODUKSI GLUKOSA DARI MALTODEKSTRIN
Authors: Turah Nur'ain , Bahri Syaiful , Nurakhirawati Nurakhirawati
Published: April 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang penentuan waktu paruh enzim amobil dari kecambah kacang hijau (Phaseolus aureus) untuk produksi glukosa dari maltodekstrin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rasio kecambah kacang hijau : air terbaik untuk proses isolasi enzim amilase, dan konsentrasi terbaik alginat untuk proses amobilisasi serta menentukan waktu paruh enzim amobil dalam menghidrolisis maltodekstrin menjadi glukosa. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 2 faktor yaitu rasio kecambah kacang hijau : air terdiri atas 5 taraf (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, dan 5:1 (b/v)) dan konsentrasi alginat terdiri dari 5 taraf  (2%, 2,5%, 3%, 3,5%, dan 4%) yang masing-masing dilakukan secara duplo. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar glukosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rasio kecambah kacang hijau : air terbaik untuk produksi amilase kasar yang digunakan dalam produksi glukosa dari maltodekstrin adalah 3:1 (b/v) dengan kadar glukosa 3966,52 mg/L, konsentrasi alginat terbaik yang digunakan sebagai bahan pengamobil amilase kasar untuk produksi glukosa dari maltodekstrin adalah konsentrasi 3% dengan kadar glukosa 4686,54 mg/L, dan waktu paruh enzim amobil yang diperoleh adalah 444,34 menit.Kata Kunci : kecambah kacang hijau, alginat, amilase, maltodekstrin, glukosa.
KARAKTERISASI ENZIM KITINASE DARI ISOLAT BAKTERI TERMOFILIK B1211 ASAL AIR PANAS BORA
Authors: Hardi Jaya , Ruslan Ruslan , Razak Abd. Rahman , Silva Silva
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi enzim kitinase dari bakteri termofilik asal sumber air panas Bora. Isolat bakteri B1211 digunakan pada produksi enzim kitinase pada media MSM cair yang diperkaya dengan konsentrasi koloidal kitin 1% pada suhu inkubasi 60oC selama 3 hari. Aktivitas enzim kitinase dianalisis berdasarkan standar N-asetil-D-glukosamin untuk kondisi suhu dan pH optimum, pengaruh substrat, dan pengaruh ion logam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan enzim kitinase memiliki suhu optimum, pH optimum, dan konsentrasi substrat terbaik, masing-masing 600C, pH 7, dan 2%. Kinetika enzim kitinase memiliki Vmaks dan Km, yaitu 0,72 U/mL dan 0,01 mg/mL. Ion logam Hg2+, Zn2+, Al3+, dan Cu2+ berfungsi sebagai activator, sedangkan ion Li3+, Ca2+, dan K+ cenderung sebagai inhibitor terhadap enzim kitinase.Kata kunci: bakteri termofilik, isolat B1211, kitinase, karakterisasi
STUDI KINETIKA DAN ISOTERM ADSORPSI TIMBAL(II) PADA KULIT JENGKOL (Pithecellobium jiringa) TERAKTIVASI
Authors: WARDANI GATUT ARI , WULANDARI WINDA TRISNA
Published: April 2018

Penggunaan limbah kulit jengkol untuk mengadsorpsi ion timbal(II) telah berhasil dilakukan. Kulit jengkol yang digunakan merupakan limbah dari salah satu pasar tradisional di Kota Tasikmalaya.  Kulit jengkol diaktivasi terlebih dahulu menggunakan asam nitrat sebelum digunakan sebagai adsorben. Waktu optimum yang dibutuhkan kulit jengkol untuk mengadsorpsi ion timbal(II) adalah 30 menit dengan persen ion teradsorpsi sebesar 60,6936%. Kinetika adsorpsi timbal(II) pada kulit jengkol mengikuti model kinetika pseudo dua Ho dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,9954 dan nilai k sebesar 1,9843 menit-1. Isoterm adsorpsi dari timbal(II) pada kulit jengkol mengikuti model adsorpsi Freunlich dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,9797 dan kapasitas adsorpsi sebanyak 0,5537 mg/gram.
Effects of 8-Week Thera-Band Training on Spike Speed, Jump Height and Speed of Upper Limb Performance of Young Female Volleyball Players
Authors: Agopyan Ani , Ozbar Nurper , Ozdemir Seda Nur
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT: Introduction and objectives: Elastic resistance has been commonly used in the therapeutic and fitness setting. However, the effects of a strength training program using elastic resistance exercises to the explosive power and spike speed, which are very important elements for successful volleyball practice, has not been clearly demonstrated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the effects of 8-week Thera-Band training protocols on the development of spike speed, counter movement jump (CMJ) height, peak power and speed of upper limb performance of young female volleyball players. Methods: The participants consists of 20 competitive female volleyball players who regularly train at the same team and aged 15-17 years (age 16.2 ± 0.7 years). All the players were tested for spike speed, CMJ height, peak power and speed of upper limb performances before and after 8-week training program. The players were divided into Thera-Band Training Group (TTG; n=10) and Control Group (CG; n=10). Both groups continued technical and tactical volleyball training together 3 days (120 min.d.-1) a week. Additionally, TTG attended Thera-Band training program through 8-week, 2 days per week and 2 sessions (60 min.d.-1). Results: The findings of the study showed significant change in CMJ height, peak power and spike speed at the end of 8-week. TTG significantly (p ≤ .001) improved CMJ height, peak power and spike speed, whereas the CG showed significant changes only CMJ height and peak power (p ≤ .05) at the end of 8-week. The effect of resistance exercises was significantly higher as compared to the control group (p < .05). Results demonstrated that the TTG players showed greater improvements in CMJ height (d = 1.31, moderate effect size), and spiking speed (d = 2.93, large effect size) performance than CG. Conclusion: It can be concluded that supervised  Thera-Band training contributed development of the performance of spike speed mostly and CMJ height and peak power of lower extremities in young female volleyball players. Due to its effectiveness on muscular performance, the Thera-Band training model can be recommended to the coaches and players in additional to the regular technical training.
Assessing the sustainability of Serbian school buildings by analyse and syntesis parameters under information deficiency method
Authors: Jovanovic Marina , Vucicevic Biljana , Turanjanin Valentina , Lazovic Ivan , Zivkovic Marija
Published: April 2018

Sustainable development indicators mainly provide information that can link
the observed energy system with sustainable development. This paper
considers building energy indicators in order to provide monitoring and
measurement of energy performance of buildings. The results of measurement
which are considered were obtained in school buildings in Serbia. The aim of
this paper is to select, define, and calculate energy indicators as criteria
for evaluating the quality of public buildings, with regard to sustainable
development. The criteria for assessing sustainability are quantified by
certain defined sets of economic, social and environmental indicators. The
ASPID method of multi-criteria analysis is also described and mathematically
presented. This method is based on the synthesis technique of fuzzy sets and
the sustainability of the school buildings was based on their assessment as
complex energy systems.
Modeling of overall heat transfer coefficient of a concentric double pipe heat exchanger with limited experimental data by using curve fitting and ANN combination
Authors: Kocyigit Necati , Bulgurcu Huseyin
Published: April 2018

The modeling accuracy of artificial neural networks (ANN) was evaluated by using limited heat exchanger data acquired experimentally. The artificial neural networks were used for predicting the overall heat transfer coefficient of a concentric double pipe heat exchanger where oil flowed inside the inner tube while the water flowed in the outer tube. In the cases of parallel and counter flows, the experimental data were collected by testing heat exchanger in wide range of operating conditions. Curve fitting and artificial neural network combination was used for the estimation of the overall heat transfer coefficient to compensate the experimental errors in the data. The curve fitting was used to detect the trend and generate data points between the experimentally collected points. The artificial neural network was trained better from the generated data set. The feed forward type artificial neural network was trained by using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Two backpropagation network type artificial neural network algorithms were also used, and their performance were compared with the estimation of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The average estimation error between the predictions and the experimental data were in the range of 1.31e?4 to 4.35e?2%. The study confirmed that curve fitting and artificial neural network combination could be used effectively to estimate the overall heat transfer coefficient of heat exchanger.
Effects of multiple-nozzle distribution on large-scale spray cooling via numerical investigation
Authors: Xie Qiang , Chen Zuobing , Chen Gong , Yu Yongjie , Zhao Zheyu
Published: April 2018

Spray cooling has been widely employed in many applications due to its high flux removal ability. A previous study has been conducted to reveal the large-scale spray cooling performance of an industrial used single nozzle. Continuously, influence of multiple-nozzle distribution has also been numerically investigated in present work. The mean heat flux and its standard deviation and uniformity are used to qualify the cooling performance. A flat wall with 1.6 m in length and 1.0 m in width has been taken as the research object. Effects of nozzle number, distance and offset have been parametrically compared. It is found that increasing nozzle number could promote mean heat flux, improve the uniformity of cooling patterns and enhance heat transfer performance. A best nozzle number of 10 could be obtained by an equation fitting. Decreasing nozzle distance turns out to be detrimental to heat transfer. The reason comes from the collisions and interactions of two too adjacent nozzles. Based on choices in real practice, two types of arrays i. e. perpendicular and skew array have been discussed and compared. It is concluded that the skew array could obtain higher heat flux with more uniform distribution.
Heat transfer enhancement from power transformer immersed in oil by earth air heat exchanger
Authors: Hannun Rafid , Hammadi Salman , Khalaf Mohammed
Published: April 2018

In this study, the modelling of power transformer with (250 kVA) by using (ANSYS17.1/FLUENT) code program was done. The power transformer was connected with earth air heat exchanger to decrease the temperature of (oil, core, and coils) of transformer which will increase its efficiency for preventing the damage and/or failure. The case study used the weather conditions of Nasiriya city, Iraq, at July 1st with 50?C as maximum ambient temperature and full electrical load of the power transformer. In addition to different pipe diameter, length of earth air heat exchanger and different air velocity entering to pipe. The results showed the temperature of (oil, core, and coils) for power transformer decreased with increase the pipe length and earth air heat exchanger depth underground. The air velocities inlet to earth air heat exchanger that used in the study were (2, 4 , and 6 m/s, respectively) and the results showed the increasing of air velocity inlet to earth air heat exchanger should decrease the temperature of (oil, core, and coils) for power transformer and increase the thermal conductivity of oil. The study concluded when using earth air heat exchanger in the power transformer and performance of power transformer will be increasing and led to decrease the temperature of oil about (18.5?C).The results showed a significant convergence with previous researches.
A study of thermal behavior of the machine tool spindle
Authors: Zivkovic Aleksandar , Zeljkovic Milan , Mladjenovic Cvijetin , Tabakovic Slobodan , Milojevic Zoran , Hadzistevic Miodrag
Published: April 2018

The performances of high-speed machine tools depend not only on the speed, power, torque, dynamic and static stiffness, but also on the thermal behavior of the spindle. These parameters directly affect the productivity and quality of machining operations. This paper presents a 3-D finite element thermal model, which was based on the thermo mechanical bearing model and the numerical model of the spindle. Based on thermo mechanical analysis of bearings with angular contact, generated heat and thermal contact resistance are determined for each position of the ball. To provide the most accurate analysis possible in determining thermal contact resistance , bearings are divided into several zones based on the geometry of their cross-section. The aforementioned constraints have been applied to the 3-D FEM model which allowed for establishing temperature field distribution, and spindle thermal balance. In order to prove the efficacy of the proposed model, experimental measurements of spindle and bearing temperatures were done by using thermocouples and thermal imager.
Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase 2 Ameliorates Diabetic Keratopathy and Impaired Wound Healing in Mouse Corneas
Authors: Sun Haijing , Lee Patrick , Yan Chenxi , Gao Nan , Wang Jiemei , Fan Xianqun , Yu Fu-Shin
Published: April 2018

EPHX2 (encoding soluble epoxide hydrolase [sEH]) converts biologically active epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), anti-inflammatory and profibrinolytic effectors, into the less biologically active metabolites, dihydroxyeicostrienoic acids. We sought to characterize the expression and the function of EPHX2 in diabetic corneas and during wound healing. The expression of EPHX2 at both mRNA and protein levels, as well as sEH enzymatic activity, was markedly upregulated in the tissues/cells, including corneal epithelial cells as well as the retina of human type 2 and mouse type 1 (streptozotocin [STZ] induced) and/or type 2 diabetes. Ephx2 depletion had no detectable effects on STZ-induced hyperglycemia but prevented the development of tear deficiency. Ephx2−/− mice showed an acceleration of hyperglycemia-delayed epithelium wound healing. Moreover, inhibition of sEH increased the rate of epithelium wound closure and restored hyperglycemia-suppressed STAT3 activation and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in the diabetic corneas. Treatment of diabetic corneas with cobalt protoporphyrin, a well-known HO-1 inducer, restored wound-induced HO-1 upregulation and accelerated delayed wound healing. Finally, Ephx2 depletion enhanced sensory innervation and regeneration in diabetic corneas at 1 month after epithelial debridement. Our data suggest that increased sEH activity may be a contributing factor for diabetic corneal complications; targeting sEH pharmacologically or supplementing EETs may represent a new, adjunctive therapy for treating diabetic keratopathy.
MODEL STOKASTIK RANTAI MARKOV EMPAT STATUS PADA PENENTUAN NILAI HIDUP PELANGGAN
Authors: Permana Dony
Published: April 2018

Customer Lifetime Value, familiar as CLV is valuability a customer in marketing system. High CLV has a meaning that the customer will bring in a big return for a firm. CLV is determined by some factors, as retention rate, acquisition rate, some costs, product price, and interest rates. Markov Chain is one of model that used to determine CLV.  In Markov Chain, a customer is assumed some state. Transition inter states are assumed Markovian. Here, we make CLV model using Markov Chain with four states. There are four type of model that have four states. Each type have different transition chart and of course have different probability transition matrix. Here, we describe every type of CLV model using Markov Chain.
Kajian Terhadap Landasan Filosofi Pantun Minangkabau
Authors: Gani Erizal
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this research is to reveal (1) the nature of Minangkabau quatrains, (2) fundamental philosophy of Minangkabau quatrains and (3) the functions of Minangkabau quatrains. This research is uses the descriptive qualitative design. The results of the research show that (1) Minangkabau quatrains use Minangkabau language as means of communication, follow the philosophy of “from, by and for” Minangkabau society which are inspired from things related to Minangkabau and its thinking pattern and come from Minangkabau society, (2) the fundamental philosophy of Minangkabau quatrains is “alam takambang jadi guru”, (3) Minangkabau quatrains have some multifunctions for the life of the Minangkabau society. Keywords: minangkabau’s magic spells, fundamental philosophy, and function.
Improving Senior High School Students’ Reading Comprehension through Reading Strategies Derived from Genre Based Approach
Authors: Fitrawati Fitrawati
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat penerapan strategi-stategi membaca berdasarkan Genre Based Approach guna menigkatkan pencapaian nilai membaca siswa. penulis melaksanakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menerapkan strategi membaca berdasarkan konsep Genre Based Approach yang terdiri dari empat langkah yaitu building context of the text, modeling the text, joint construct of the text, dan independent construction of the text. Strategi-strategi membaca berdasarkan genre based approach diterapkan melalui tiga fase membaca yaitu, pre-reading phase, whilst reading phase, dan post reading phase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan strategi membaca bisa memperbaiki proses belajar dan mengajar membaca. Simpulan ini bisa dilihat dari hasil tes membaca siswa yang menunjukkan peningkatan dari 12, 5% di siklus 1 ke 70, 8% di siklus 2 dan terakhir di siklus 3 menjadi 83, 3%. Penulis juga melakukan pengamatan dengan menggunakan (contreng) checklist terhadap strategi pengajaran dan keaktifan siswa. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan hampir semua siswa suka strategi pengajaran guru dan sebagian besar dari siswa sudah aktif. Hasil angket menunjukkan 90% dari siswa tertarik dengan cara pengajaran guru dan 88% dari siswa  tersebut aktif dalam belajar. Data tersebut juga diperkuat oleh informasi dari wawancara yang direkam terhadap 15 siswa pada tiap siklusnya. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara diketahui bahwa sebagian besar siswa mengatakan mereka tertarik dengan cara guru mengajar dan termotivasi membaca teks berbahasa Inggris Key words: Students’ Reading Comprehension, Genre based approach, Reading Strategies Derived from Genre Based Approach
Pola Pengintegrasian Pembelajaran Komponen Kebahasaan Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) Mata Pelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia SMA/MA
Authors: Nurizzati Nurizzati
Published: April 2018

The formulation of competence standard and basic competence for Indonesian language and literature subject is based on four aspects of language skills. But when viewed from the point of the communicative approach in language learning. generally those competencies do not directly address the language components which must be taught again and teacher often do not specify clearly these aspects when developing indicators of basic integrate the three components of learning, namely :1. mastery of language knowledge which also includes a significant mastery of linguistic rules; 2. Four aspects of language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing); 3. A positive attitude towards meaningful Indonesian language and literature which enable student to use language appropriately. Communicative approach in learning the language is emphasized also that language learning is not learning about the language, but learning the language. However, learning the language without learning the rules of language is useless. Therefore, this article would like to try to criticize the imbalance of attention to good language trainings in the four aspects of language skills, supported by a situation that requires students to speak with the correct behavior Key words: Standar kompetensi, kompetensi dasar, pembelajaran bahasa, pendekatan komunikatif, pola pengintegrasian.