bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERBANDINGAN PERLAKUAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN UNTUK DOKTER DENGAN STATUS PEGAWAI NEGERI DAN DOKTER DENGAN STATUS PEGAWAI SWASTA
Authors: Alaika Rizki
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengenaan Pajak Penghasilan untuk dokter dengan status pegawai negeri atau pegawai swasta serta menganalisis apakah terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan pengenaan Pajak Penghasilan antara dokter dengan status pegawai negeri atau pegawai swasta. Data yang digunakan oleh peneliti, yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, Wajib Pajak orang pribadi dalam negeri yang berprofesi dokter dengan status sebagai pegawai negeri atau pegawai swasta dapat dikenakan Pajak Penghasilan yang bersifat final, tidak final, maupun tidak dikenakan Pajak Penghasilan atas penghasilan yang diperolehnya. Terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan pengenaan pajak penghasilan antara Wajib Pajak orang pribadi dalam negeri yang berprofesi dokter dengan status sebagai pegawai negeri dan pegawai swasta.
A Corpus-Based Study of Fact Projection in English
Authors: Guo Man
Published: February 2022

Fact projection is realized as a fact noun followed by an appositive clause. In this article, we conducted a corpus-based study of the modality of fact nouns. It is found that proposal facts tend to occur more in formal academic texts than proposition facts because the higher obligation that proposal facts construe does not fit into the interpersonal communication purpose in informal spoken texts. It is also found that modalized proposition facts are more prevalent in formal academic texts than non-modalized proposition facts because modalized proposition facts can lower the negotiability and the risk of rejection from readers in academic texts. These findings reveal how nominalization trigger the reenactment of interpersonal relationship in fact projection so the modality becomes salient and persuasive. The modality realized by fact nouns also contributes to the abstraction, objectification and reliability in academic writing.
The Importance of Mediator Training in Applied Behavior Analysis
Authors: Chaldi Dimitra
Published: February 2022

The mediator training is an important procedure of the applied behavior analysis. By providing an appropriate training to the mediator, the trainer can enhance the likelihood that the trainee will implement the intervention plan accurately. The purpose of this study was to operate mediator training to an instructor therapist to implement mand training to a 5-year old girl with autism spectrum disorder. Through this study we had to follow all the necessary steps of the mediator training and to collect data, through the behavior fidelity checklist and the staff satisfaction survey. The results demonstrated that the mediator implemented the steps accurately and she was also satisfied from the overall training that she received. Moreover, the interobserver agreement for the treatment fidelity, between the comparison of trainers and trainee’s checklist, demonstrated exact agreement of the implementation of the intervention.
Renteverplichtingen tijdens de wettelijke vereffening
Authors: Baetens S.R.
Published: February 2022

Renteverplichtingen tijdens de wettelijke vereffening

Op 17 september 2021 beantwoordde de Hoge Raad de prejudiciële vraag of het faillissementsrechtelijke fixatiebeginsel van artikel 128 Fw via de weg van artikel 4:218 lid 5 BW tijdens de vereffening van een nalatenschap van toepassing is, ontkennend. De Hoge Raad gaat in zijn uitspraak ook in op de wijze waarop renteverplichtingen tijdens de vereffening een rol spelen. De beantwoording van de prejudiciële vragen laat echter nog de nodige onduidelijkheden bestaan. In dit artikel wordt een blik geworpen op een aantal in het oog springende onduidelijkheden en wordt een aantal suggesties gedaan over hoe de vereffenaar met renteverplichtingen tijdens de vereffening zou kunnen omgaan.
Waar een wil is, is een testament
Authors: Diks J.Th.M. , Deckers N.M.A.
Published: February 2022

Waar een wil is, is een testament. Over de nietigverklaring van een testament in de praktijk

Een testament is nietig als de testateur wilsonbekwaam was ten tijde van het testeren. Dit volgt uit artikel 3:34 BW. De auteurs behandelen de werking van dit artikel. Aan de hand van een casus wordt uiteengezet hoe een gerechtelijke procedure tot nietigverklaring van een testament in zijn werk gaat. Daarbij komen het medisch dossier, stukken en informatie van de notaris, het horen van getuigen en inschakelen van deskundigen aan de orde.
Gedragsrechtelijke aandachtspunten voor de erfrechtadvocaat
Authors: de Wolff D.J.B.
Published: February 2022

Gedragsrechtelijke aandachtspunten voor de erfrechtadvocaat

In deze bijdrage staat het gedragsrecht voor de erfrechtadvocaat centraal. Ingegaan wordt onder meer op het risico van belangentegenstellingen in de erfrechtpraktijk, de omgang met derdengelden, typische honorariumperikelen, de noodzaak van doelmatig en tactvol optreden in de soms emotionele erfrechtelijke geschillen en het optreden van een advocaat in de rol van executeur of vereffenaar.
Impresiones sonoras del aula-zoom
Authors: Plá Pérez Sebastián
Published: February 2022

Se presenta aquí una serie de impresiones sobre los paisajes sonoros producidos por el aula-zoom durante la pandemia en México. El resultado es la paradójica conclusión de que la mutación de los sonidos escolares demuestra el proceso contemporáneo en el que la escuela ha perdido el monopolio de la escolarización, así como la cada vez mayor dificultad de esta institución para crear un lugar para habitar en lo común. El texto interrelaciona estudios del sonido, historia de la cultura escolar y teoría educativa contemporánea para analizar este fenómeno liminal entre escuela, tecnología y cotidianidad. Las impresiones se dividen en dos apartados. En el primero nombro los sonidos tónicos que crean los fondos sonoros en el aula-zoom. En el segundo trabajo las relaciones sónicas a partir de tres metáforas: voz/voces, mutis/mutismo y escucha/escuchas. La recopilación de información se hizo a partir de un diario de campo y las grabaciones de las sesiones en Zoom durante tres semestres en la licenciatura y el posgrado de Pedagogía de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Association of Air Pollutant Index (API) on SARS-CoV-2 of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Samsuri , Imran Muhammad Azhari , Mansor Amalina Abu , Ku Yusof Ku Mohd Kalkausar , Dom Nazri Che , Saijan Siti Khamisah , Yatim Siti Rohana Mohd , Ahmed Ali Najah , Ismail Marzuki
Published: February 2022

Malaysia reported its first COVID-19 case on January 25, 2020, and the cases have continued to grow, necessitating the implementation of additional measures. Hence, determining the factors responsible for the significant increase in COVID-19 cases is the top priority issue for the government to take necessary action and ultimately restrain this virus before the vaccine availability. Researchers had predicted that air pollution had an indirect relationship with COVID-19 in terms of virus infections. As a result, this study focuses on the link between the Air Pollutant Index (API) and COVID-19 infections. The initial data set consists of daily confirmed COVID-19 cases in Malaysia and API readings obtained from the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Department of the Environment (DOE). The results show that Klang (S22) recorded the highest mean of API which at 62.70 while the lowest is at Limbang (S37) (25.37). Next, due to the implementation of Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia and reducing social movement, 27 stations recorded a good level of API compare to the stations that recorded moderate and unhealthy levels. There is positive relationship between API and COVID-19 at each of the region which are North 0.4% (R2=0.004), Central 2.1% (R2=0.021), South 0.04% (R2=0.0004), East 1.6% (R2=0.016), Sarawak 0.2% (R2=0.002), meanwhile Sabah recorded negative correlation at 4.3% (R2=0.043). To conclude, the API value did not have a strong relationship with the rising number of COVID-19 daily cases.
Tecnologias digitais na educação infantil e anos iniciais: estratégias de ensino
Authors: Neuenfeldt Adriano Edo , Neuenfeldt Derli Juliano , Negrão Manoel Maria Silva
Published: February 2022

O distanciamento físico/social provocado pela pandemia do COVID-19 estimulou educadores a repensarem e adaptarem suas práticas pedagógicas. Nesse sentido, essa pesquisa teve como objetivos investigar o uso das tecnologias digitais e formas de trabalhar o medo das crianças frente à pandemia, junto a professores de Educação Infantil e Anos Iniciais. Ressalta-se que o presente estudo buscou subsídios nas percepções de 40 professores da região central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul/BRA que participaram inicialmente de uma formação continuada e, mediante interesse deles, foram traçadas estratégias de assessoramento para a continuidade das atividades durante a pandemia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que organizou os dados a partir de questionários impressos e no Google Forms, analisando o conteúdo dos depoimentos dos professores conforme Bardin (2011). Como resultados destacam-se as contribuições dos recursos digitais para articular estratégias de ensino, com reflexões sobre o medo, o uso da literatura infantil e o brincar.
ʔAlsh
Authors: Mohammed Mohab
Published: February 2022

An array of Egyptian lifeworlds in 2016.
Crowdfunding
Authors: Pepe Teresa
Published: February 2022

An array of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016
Disasters (EG)
Authors: Armbrust Walter
Published: February 2022

An array of Egyptian lifeworlds in 2016.
Dollar Crisis
Authors: Armbrust Walter
Published: February 2022

An array of Egyptian lifeworlds in 2016.
Downtown/Centre-ville
Authors: Ryzova Lucie
Published: February 2022

An array of Egyptian lifeworlds in 2016.
Downtown/Centre-ville
Authors: N. N.
Published: February 2022

An array of Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016.
Father Figures
Authors: Ben Yakoub Joachim
Published: February 2022

An array of Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016.
Football
Authors: Rommel Carl , Roellin Jonas
Published: February 2022

An array of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016.
Garbage
Authors: Guth Stephan
Published: February 2022

An array of Egyptian and Tunisian lifeworlds in 2016.
High School Exams
Authors: Aardal Maren Buvarp
Published: February 2022

An array of Egyptian lifeworlds in 2016.
Utilisation of Digital Health in Early Detection and Treatment of Pre-Eclampsia in Primary Health Care Facilities South Africa: Literature Review
Authors: Welcome Ngwenya Mxolisi , Muthelo Livhuwani , Oupa Mbombi Masenyani , Adelaide Bopape Mamare , Maria Mothiba Tebogo
Published: February 2022

Gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia are the most prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa leading to undesirable perinatal and maternal outcomes. In South Africa, a high rate of maternal death was noted due to pre-eclampsia. However, the use of digital maternal health in South Africa has become of significance for reinforcement of health care. Digital health initiatives such as mobile health technologies were developed to improve better access to communities in low and middle-income countries. The implementation and practices of digital health seem to be growing expandable to achieve the UHC goals in the provision of care to all globally and nationally. This review aims to review existing literature on the use of digital maternal health to minimise admission of pre-eclampsia and early identification of gravid women who are at risk of developing pre-eclampsia.
Primary Gastrointestinal Lymphoma
Authors: Bayramov Ramiz , Abdullayeva Ramila
Published: February 2022

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the most common (30–40%) extranodal site involved in lymphoma. Although primary gastrointestinal lymphoma (PGIL) is a rare disease, comprising only 1–4% of gastrointestinal (GI) malignant tumors, its incidence is increasing. Different regions of the GIT are involved in different subtypes of PGIL with a various frequency that reflects the diversity of the causative agents and predisposing factors for each site and subtype of PGIL. Even though these malignant diseases are categorized under the common term of “lymphoma” they represent a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms which are different entities in terms of etiologic factors, predisposing conditions, pathogenesis, immunohistochemical profile, treatment strategy and prognosis. In this chapter the epidemiology of all subtypes of PGIL, factors and disorders contributing to the development of them, non-inherited and inherited conditions associated with a higher risk of them, diagnostic difficulties and pitfalls, and novel treatment strategies were comprehensively and concisely illuminated.
Role of Social Work as Part of PD Treatment
Authors: Marie Mooney Lisa
Published: February 2022

The goals of treatment for PD is to maximize function and attempt to minimize the negative impact symptoms may have on a person’s qualify of life. To achieve this physicians, patients and family members may need to explore additional medical professionals to address all the needs, challenges and concerns associated with living with Parkinson’s Disease. Social Workers can play a valuable role in the care, coping and overall well being of the patient and family members and play an integral part of the treatment team providing in depth psychosocial assessment and recommendations to improve adherence to the treatment plan for each patient/family. Social Workers can assist with a range of needs from the time of diagnosis to end of life. Social Workers can provide assistance at all stages of disease progression to the patient, family and the entire treatment team, therefore it is important for treatment teams consider integrating social workers into the multidisciplinary team approach and opportunities in effort to best address the entire needs of the Parkinson’s patient and their psychosocial needs as the disease progresses.
Anti-Senescence Therapy
Authors: Alshadidi Raghad
Published: February 2022

The development of therapeutic strategies aimed at the aging process of cells has attracted increasing attention in recent decades due to the involvement of this process in the development of many chronic and age-related diseases. Interestingly, preclinical studies have shown the success of a number of anti-aging approaches in the treatment of a range of chronic diseases. These approaches are directed against aging processes such as oxidative stress, telomerase shortening, inflammation, and deficient autophagy. Many strategies has been shown to be effective in delaying aging, including antiaging strategies based on establishing healthy lifestyle habits and pharmacological interventions aimed at disrupting senescent cells and senescent-associated secretory phenotype. Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting were reported to activate autophagy and reduce inflammation. In turn, immune-based strategies, senolytic agents, and senomorphics mediate their effects either by eliminating senescent cells through inducing apoptosis or by disrupting pathways by which senescent cells mediate their detrimental effects. In addition, given the association of the decline in the regenerative potential of stem cells with aging, many experimental and clinical studies indicate the effectiveness of stem cell transplantation in preventing or slowing the progress of age-related diseases by enhancing the repairing mechanisms and the secretion of many growth factors and cytokines.
Improved Technological Processes on the Nutritional Quality of Maize
Authors: Noxolo Nesamvuni Cebisa , Rinah Netshiheni Khavhatondwi , Funmi Akinmoladun Oluwaseun
Published: February 2022

As global food security and staple food, maize has become one of the most widely used cereals for fundamental research. Several important discoveries are reported, some of which are technological processes being used to improve maize crops’ dietetic, phenotypic, genotypic, and organoleptic properties. This chapter provides insight into improved technological techniques such as crossbreeding, genetic cloning, and functional genomics and how they improve the nutritional quality of maize crops. The use of these technological processes could be one of the sustainable strategies in meeting the dietary needs and livelihood of Africa, Mexico, and Latin America’s growing populace.
Use of Cell Biology to Identify Cellular Targets in Drug Development Process against Leishmania Sp.
Authors: dos Santos da Silva e Miranda Gabrielle , Lima Prado Godinho Joseane , Teixeira de Macedo-Silva Sara , Renato Farias Verçoza Brunno , Amaral da Rocha Alisson , Barenco Pires de Abreu Sodré Milena , Feliciano dos Santos Ramos Victor , Cola Fernandes Rodrigues Juliany
Published: February 2022

Leishmaniasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases. The chemotherapy for its treatment uses very toxic compounds with a low efficacy rate. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new chemotherapeutic agents to help countries control this devasting disease. In drug development, different approaches can be used to identify potential cellular targets that allow us to understand better the cell biology of eukaryotic cells. Several groups are dedicated to studying new molecules, searching for promising candidates against Leishmania. Different techniques have been used to characterize the cell biology, biochemistry, and molecular biology alterations induced by the treatments, trying to understand the mechanisms of action. The main goal of this chapter is to describe an overview of the literature exploring the several studies published about the chemotherapy of anti-Leishmania concerning the mechanisms of action of different classes of molecules or therapeutic alternatives.
Biological Determinants of Sleep Disorders
Authors: V. Gafarov Valery , A. Gromova Elena , N. Maksimov Vladimir , V. Gagulin Igor , V. Gafarova Almira
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study is to research the effect of polymorphism of genes such as CLOCK, ARNTL, PER2, NPAS2, DRD4, DAT, TNF-α, and NPSR1 on sleep disorders in an open population of 25–64-year-old men. We conducted screening studies of representative samples of men aged 25–64 years. The general examination was carried out according to the standard methods included in the WHO MONICA-Psychosocial Program (MOPSY). Carriers of the C/T genotype of the CLOCK gene more often than others reported having “satisfactory” or “poor” sleep. Carriers of the C/T genotype of the ARNTL gene were more likely to experience anxiety dreams, and they woke up exhausted. Carriers of the A/A genotype of the PER2 gene were more likely to wake up two or more times per night, a total of four to seven times per week. In the population, C/T and T/T genotypes of the NPAS2 gene were significantly more common in individuals with 7-hour sleep. Genotype 4/6 of the DRD4 gene and genotype 9/9 of the DAT gene were significantly associated with sleep disturbances. Carriers of the heterozygous A/G genotype of the TNF-α-308 gene, compared with carriers of all other genotypes, more often rated sleep as “satisfactory” (30%) than “good.”
Sorption Isotherms and Some Functional Properties of Cowpea Varieties Flour
Authors: Amadou Issoufou
Published: February 2022

In sub-Sahara, preservation of processed cowpea flour remained a challenge, and there are no standard isotherm conditions for drying cowpea flour. This study aims to define the optimum isotherm conditions for cowpea flour and assess their functional properties. Adsorption isotherms of three varieties of cowpea at temperatures 30, 40, and 50°C and in each case with six different applications depending on the constant relative humidity of the medium were executed. Water and oil absorption capacities including swelling index were determined. Results show that water content at equilibrium is inversely proportional to the temperature, and at the same temperature, the water content increases when water activity augments. The adsorption isotherms are of type II according to the fitted BET and GAB models. The absorption capacities ranged from 1.06 ± 0.01, 1.08 ± 0.02, and 1.09 ± 0.01(mL/g), respectively, for CS133, CS032, and control. However, the swelling index was significantly separated (P < 0.05). The adsorption isotherm curve of the sample CS032 at 50°C shows a stronger correlation (R2 = 0.9274) than the other varieties regardless of the mathematical isotherm model used. It can be concluded that depending on some functional properties of cowpea variety flour, these varieties seemed to behave separately vis-a-vis their sorption isotherm.
Feature Extraction Using Observer Gaze Distributions for Gender Recognition
Authors: Nishiyama Masashi
Published: February 2022

We determine and use the gaze distribution of observers viewing images of subjects for gender recognition. In general, people look at informative regions when determining the gender of subjects in images. Based on this observation, we hypothesize that the regions corresponding to the concentration of the observer gaze distributions contain discriminative features for gender recognition. We generate the gaze distribution from observers while they perform the task of manually recognizing gender from subject images. Next, our gaze-guided feature extraction assigns high weights to the regions corresponding to clusters in the gaze distribution, thereby selecting discriminative features. Experimental results show that the observers mainly focused on the head region, not the entire body. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the gaze-guided feature extraction significantly improves the accuracy of gender recognition.
Noninvasive Assessment of HCV Patients Using Ultrasound Elastography
Authors: Lupsor-Platon Monica , Serban Teodora , Iulia Silion Alexandra
Published: February 2022

Among patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection, extensive research showed that fibrosis progression is a proper surrogate marker for advanced liver disease, eventually leading to dramatic endpoints such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, there is growing interest in the use of noninvasive methods for fibrosis assessment in order to replace liver biopsy (LB) in clinical practice and provide optimal risk stratification. Elastographic techniques, such as Vibration Controlled Transient Elastography (VCTE), point-shear wave elastography (p-SWE), and 2D-SWE have shown promising results in this regard, with excellent performance in diagnosing hepatic cirrhosis, and great accuracy for steatosis detection through the Controlled Attenuation Parameter embedded on the VCTE device. In addition, the recent introduction of highly efficient direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) led to viral eradication and a significant decrease in liver damage, lowering the risk of hepatic decompensation, and HCC. Therefore, CHC patients need proper noninvasive and repeatable methods for adequate surveillance, even after treatment, as there still remains a risk of portal hypertension and HCC. However, the usefulness for monitoring fibrosis after the sustained virological response (SVR) needs further research.
Metabolite Profile of Amaranthus tricolor L. and Amaranthus cruentus L. in Adaptation to Drought
Authors: Motyleva Svetlana , Gins Murat , Gins Valentina , Tetyannikov Nikolay , Kulikov Ivan , Kabashnikova Ludmila , Panischeva Daria , Mertvischeva Maria , Domanskaya Irina
Published: February 2022

The Federal Research Center of Vegetable Growing has developed the cultivars Valentina (Amaranthus tricolor L.) and Krepysh (Amaranthus cruentus L.), which are successfully grown in several regions of Russia. The dry periods observed in recent years have a negative impact on the development of plants. The red-colored vegetable cultivar demonstrated a higher level of adaptability to drought than the green-colored grain cultivar. It was found that only in the leaves of cv. Valentina multiple spiked crystals consisting of four elements were formed, the predominant proportion belonged to Ca (38.59), then P (0.48), Mg (0.25), and K (0.16) followed, weight%, respectively. Under the conditions of moisture deficiency, the antioxidant activity of water and ethanol extracts in the leaves of both types of amaranth increased from 1.5 to 2.5 times. It was established that under drought conditions, the carbohydrate metabolism and the synthesis of secondary metabolites change. The leaves of the new cultivar of amaranth Valentina are a promising and reproducible source of antioxidants and can be used to create phytobiological preparations. The increased level of the main macro- and microelements—Ca, K, P, Mg, Mo, S and Cl in the seeds of cv. Valentina and Krepysh makes these cultivars promising for use in the food industry.
Quality of Life in Neurogenic Bladder Patients and Improvement after Botulinum Toxin Injection
Authors: Palleschi Giovanni , Cardi Antonio
Published: February 2022

Various neurogenic conditions may determine an altered function of the bladder and urethral sphincters leading to urinary symptoms. Among these symptoms, loss of urine is considered the most bothersome, and recent literature has proposed that urinary incontinence and poor quality of life should be considered as associated conditions. Urinary incontinence is responsible for reducing the enjoyment of life, including loss of self-confidence and limitation of social activity; it is also associated with anxiety, depression, and deterioration in sexual life, and reduced physical activity. Conservative treatments represent a first-line therapeutic approach to neurogenic urinary disorders, followed by oral medications. However, these treatments often do not provide complete recovery from symptoms, especially from urinary incontinence. Onabotulimun toxin A has proven to be safe and effective for treating neurogenic urinary incontinence and its use is associated with a strong improvement of patients’ quality of life. Furthermore, this treatment lowers the risk of severe complications to the upper urinary tract, reducing the need for hospitalization. Quality of life improvement as well as clinical efficacy must be considered targets of the therapy, and the use of onabotulimun toxin A for treating neurogenic urinary incontinence reaches both these goals.
Ionic Conductivity of Strontium Fluoroapatites Co-doped with Lanthanides
Authors: Kthiri Khouloud , Mehnaoui Mohammed , Jebahi Samira , Boughzala Khaled , Hidouri Mustapha
Published: February 2022

Britholites derivatives of apatite’s that contain lanthanium and neodymium in the serial compounds Sr8La2−xNdx(PO4)4(SiO4)2F2 with 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 were subject of the present investigation. The solid state reaction was the route of preparing these materials. Several techniques were employed for the analysis and characterization of the synthesized powders. The chemical analysis results indicated that molar ratio Sr+La+NdP+Si was of about 1.67 value of a stoichiometric powder. The X-ray diffraction data showed single-phase apatites crystallizing in hexagonal structure with P63/m space group were successively obtained. Moreover, the substitution of lanthanium by neodymium in strontium phosphosilicated fluorapatite was total. This was confirmed by the a and c lattice parameters contraction when (x) varies coherently to the sizes of the two cations. The infrared spectroscopy and the 31P NMR (MAS) exhibited the characteristic bands of phosphosilicated fluorapatite. The pressureless sintering of the material achieved a maximum of 89% relative density. The sintered specimens indicated that the Nd content as well as the heating temperature affected the ionic conduction of the materials and the maximum was 1.73 × 10−6 S cm−1 obtained at 1052 K for x = 2.
Durable Ventricular Assist Device for Bridge to Transplantation
Authors: Ono Minoru
Published: February 2022

A durable ventricular assist device (VAD) is a key mechanical circulatory support to safely bridge a heart transplant candidate to transplantation over a long waiting period. Recent UNOS policy change has a great impact on the role of continuous-flow VAD as a bridging device. The rest of the majority of countries still rely on a cf-VAD as a safe and effective support device. A sole durable VAD for bridge to transplantation in pediatric patients is Berlin Heart EXCOR, for which there is a growing demand through the improvement of a long-term result. In this chapter, I will overview the history and the present status of durable VAD for bridge to transplantation in both adult and pediatric patients.
Feature Extraction Methods for CT-Scan Images Using Image Processing
Authors: K. Bharodiya Anil
Published: February 2022

Medical image processing covers various types of images such as tomography, mammography, radiography (X-Ray images), cardiogram, CT scan images etc. Once the CT scan image is captured, Doctors diagnose it to detect abnormal or normal condition of the captured of the patient’s body. In the computerized image processing diagnosis, CT-scan image goes through sophisticated phases viz., acquisition, image enhancement, extraction of important features, Region of Interest (ROI) identification, result interpretation etc. Out of these phases, a feature extraction phase plays a vital role during automated/computerized image processing to detect ROI from CT-scan image. This phase performs scientific, mathematical and statistical operations/algorithms to identify features/characteristics from the CT-scan image to shrink image portion for diagnosis. In this chapter, I have presented an extensive review on “Feature Extraction” step of digital image processing based on CT-scan image of human being.
Probability and Sampling in Dentistry
Authors: Riaz Malik Yasser , Saad Sheikh Muhammad , Yousaf Shakeela
Published: February 2022

Probability and sampling in dentistry are two fundamentals which have great importance in clinical research. Many research works in dentistry shows lack of proper understanding and use of these two factors. The definition of probability is incredibly significant in daily life. Statistical analysis is based on this particularly useful definition. In fact, the function of probability in modern science is that of substituting for certainty. Probabilities are numbers that represent the probability that a specific occurrence will occur. We learn about the odds of many daily cases, ranging from weather predictions (probability of rain or snow) to lotteries (probability of winning a major jackpot). In biostatistical applications, probability theory underlies the statistical inference. Statistical inference means drawing generalizations or inferences on unknown population parameters. After selecting a sample from the population of interest, we calculate the characteristics under analysis, summarize the characteristics in our sample, and then draw inferences about the population based on what we find in the sample. Population and sampling are two critical aspects of study design. The population is a group of individuals who share common relations. A sample is a population subset. The size of the sample is the number of individuals in the sample. The more representative the sample of the population, the surer the researcher can be about the validity of the data. In this module, we will explore sampling methods, basic principles of probability, and applications of probability theory. The definition of probability is introduced, and the function of probability distributions is discussed in the statistical theory, with reference to the normal distribution and its characteristics. Sampling and sampling variations are defined, along with the sampling error, the standard error of the mean and the confidence intervals for determining the likely magnitude of the population mean. Medical study typically includes patients with an illness or disorder. The generalization of clinical research results is focused on several factors linked to the internal and external validity of the research methods. The sampling process is the key methodological problem that affects the generalizability of clinical research results. In this educational article, we also clarify the various methods of sampling in clinical research.
Industrial Applications of Nanomaterials Produced from Aspergillus Species
Authors: Rai Mahendra , Gupta Indarchand , Bonde Shital , Ingle Pramod , Shende Sudhir , Gaikwad Swapnil , Razzaghi-Abyaneh Mehdi , Gade Aniket
Published: February 2022

There is a great demand for green methods of synthesis of nanoparticles. Fungi play an important role in the synthesis of nanoparticles, of which Aspergillus spp. are known to secrete different enzymes responsible for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The process of biosynthesis of nanoparticles is simple, rapid, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and easy to synthesize at ambient temperature and pressure. Mostly, the metal nanoparticles such as silver, gold, lead and the oxides of titanium, zinc, and copper are synthesized from Aspergillus spp. These include mainly Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, A. terreus, and A. clavatus. The fabrication of different nanoparticles is extracellular. In the present chapter, we have discussed the role of different species of Aspergillus, mechanism of biogenic synthesis particularly enzymes involved in the reduction of metal ions into nanoparticles. The biogenically synthesized nanoparticles have demonstrated several biomedicals, agricultural, and engineering applications. The biogenic nanoparticles are mostly used as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. Their use as fungicidal agents is important for sustainable agriculture.
Self-efficacy as a predictor of the individual's future links with the employing organization
Authors: Balsan Laércio André Gassen , Bastos Antônio Virgílio Bittencourt , Costa Vânia Medianeira Flores , Schleder Marcus Vinicius Nascimento , Balsan Fernanda Binotto Vizzotto
Published: February 2022

Purpose: This study analyzes the influence of the perception of self-efficacy on the commitment, entrenchment, and consent bonds that the individual will establish with the employing organization.
Design/methodology/approach: This is a longitudinal panel-type survey composed of two data collections: one applied before the individual joined the organization, and the other applied nine months after joining the contracting company. 
Findings: The main results show the commitment established by individuals, with the contracting organization, can be predicted by the perceived self-efficacy of the individual measured before joining the organization. This suggested that the organization gives preference, at the time of hiring, to individuals with greater self-efficacy, as they will tend to develop higher commitment bond when compared to workers with lower self-efficacy. Besides the dispositional factors, other aspects arising from the individual/organization relationship will be involved in the development of the bond, and will be up to the company’s people management team to ensure adequate conditions for the building of a strong affective bond.
Research limitations/implications: To better understand future linkage, other variables need to be tested to verify what are the main antecedents of the future linkage of the individual. A gap left here is the absence of data collection through interviews, which would enrich quantitative data, as well the addition of new variables not tested.
Originality/value: Inserted in the efforts to predict how the new individual's future relationship with the employing institution will be, this study relates self-efficacy to future commitment, entrenchment, and consent, something that does not exist in the literature.
National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) cybersecurity workforce framework (Ukrainian translation)
Authors: Newhouse William , Keith Stephanie , Scribner Benjamin , Witte Greg
Published: February 2022

This publication describes the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) Cybersecurity Workforce Framework (NICE Framework), a reference structure that describes the interdisciplinary nature of the cybersecurity work. It serves as a fundamental reference resource for describing and sharing information about cybersecurity work and the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) needed to complete tasks that can strengthen the cybersecurity posture of an organization. As a common, consistent lexicon that categorizes and describes cybersecurity work, the NICE Framework improves communication about how to identify, recruit, develop, and retain cybersecurity talent. The NICE Framework is a reference source from which organizations or sectors can develop additional publications or tools that meet their needs to define or provide guidance on different aspects of cybersecurity workforce development, planning, training, and education.
Workforce framework for cybersecurity (NICE Framework) (Portuguese translation)
Authors: Petersen Rodney , Santos Danielle , Smith Matthew C , Wetzel Karen A , Witte Greg
Published: February 2022

This publication describes the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) Cybersecurity Workforce Framework (NICE Framework), a reference structure that describes the interdisciplinary nature of the cybersecurity work. It serves as a fundamental reference resource for describing and sharing information about cybersecurity work and the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) needed to complete tasks that can strengthen the cybersecurity posture of an organization. As a common, consistent lexicon that categorizes and describes cybersecurity work, the NICE Framework improves communication about how to identify, recruit, develop, and retain cybersecurity talent. The NICE Framework is a reference source from which organizations or sectors can develop additional publications or tools that meet their needs to define or provide guidance on different aspects of cybersecurity workforce development, planning, training, and education.
VTA-projecting cerebellar neurons mediate stress-dependent depression-like behaviors
Authors: Baek Soo Ji , Park Jin Sung , Kim Jinhyun , Yamamoto Yukio , Tanaka-Yamamoto Keiko
Published: February 2022

Although cerebellar alterations have been implicated in stress symptoms, the exact contribution of the cerebellum to stress symptoms remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated the crucial role of cerebellar neurons projecting to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the development of chronic stress-induced behavioral alterations in mice. Chronic chemogenetic activation of inhibitory Purkinje cells in crus I suppressed c-Fos expression in the DN and an increase in immobility in the tail suspension test or forced swimming test, which were triggered by chronic stress application. The combination of adeno-associated virus-based circuit mapping and electrophysiological recording identified network connections from crus I to the VTA via the dentate nucleus (DN) of the deep cerebellar nuclei. Furthermore, chronic inhibition of specific neurons in the DN that project to the VTA prevented stressed mice from showing such depression-like behavior, whereas chronic activation of these neurons alone triggered behavioral changes that were comparable with the depression-like behaviors triggered by chronic stress application. Our results indicate that the VTA-projecting cerebellar neurons proactively regulate the development of depression-like behavior, raising the possibility that cerebellum may be an effective target for the prevention of depressive disorders in human.
A Statistical Study of Lead-Lag Relationship between BCG and DPT Vaccinations in Anambra State: A Cross Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Ngome Eke Charles
Published: February 2022

This study examined the lead-lag relationship between between Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus (DPT) vaccinations in Anambra State using cross spectrum analysis with BCG as the input series. The monthly data on the number of vaccinations for BCG and DPT were collected from Expanded Programmes on Immunization office in Awka, Anambra State for the period of January, 2012 to December, 2020. The Fisher’s Kappa and Bartlett Komolgorov-Smirnov white noise tests showed that both series were white noise. The series were differenced stationary using Augumented Dickey-fuller test. The coherence squared presented a strong relationship between BCG and DPT vaccinations, though it did not show consistent pattern of relationship, however identified pattern of relationship existed at both lower and higher frequencies. In addition, the phase showed that at lower frequencies BCG led DPT, while at higher frequencies BCG lagged DPT. The analysis showed that there is a high awareness for both vaccinations in the State and it should be sustained by the state government.
Simple Superluminal Entangled Communication Scheme and Its Base in Special Relativity
Authors: Chang Yi-Fang
Published: February 2022

Based on quantum entanglement and corresponding quantum communication, we research a simple superluminal entangled communication scheme, whose key is to establish two mutually entangled particles or devices A and B. We observe and control the information of A position, then can know the corresponding results of the other B. This is not to send directly information each other. It may be superluminal. In special relativity we provided that there are necessary two symmetrical topological structures separated by the light-cone, which includes the generalized Lorentz transformation (GLT) for the spacelike interval, in which phase velocity is superluminal. It is base of this scheme, and may test GLT.
Acute and Subchronic Toxicities of the Aqueous Extract of the Hymenocardia acida (Euphorbiaceae) Roots in Rodents
Authors: Koffi Severin , Soro Tianga Yaya , Emile Bégbin Kouassi , Abizi Georges , Ahebié Magne Elisabeth , John Kouadio Kouakou , Ernest Zougrou N’Guessan , Kouakou Koffi
Published: February 2022

The roots of Hymenocardia acida are used in traditional African medicine to treat mainly erectile dysfunction. This study aims to evaluate the lethal and sub-lethal toxicities of the aqueous extract of Hymenocardia acida roots in in two rodents species, namely Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus. The acute intraperitoneal and oral toxicities of the extract were determined by the method of Miller and Tainter. Subchronic oral toxicity with doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight was assessed according to the slightly modified OECD 408 method. The results showed that the 50% intraperitoneal lethal dose was 223.87 mg/kg body weight in mice. In addition, the 50% oral lethal dose in mice was greater than 12,000 mg/kg body weight. In the subchronic study, the extract induced a significant (P < .001) increase in white blood cell count at 1000 mg/kg body weight after 60 days of treatment. From the thirtieth day of treatment onwards, the extract induced a significant (P < .05) reduction in blood glucose levels at the 500 mg/kg body weight dose and a significant (P < .05) increase in blood glucose levels at the 1000 mg/kg body weight dose. Aqueous extract of Hymenocardia acida roots is toxic by the intraperitoneal route and exerts a non-specific immunity action at high doses. It was harmless to rats at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/Kg of body weight.
Effective Drought Index Based Analysis of Drought Characteristics and Its Propagation for the Subtropical Climatic Region in Vindhyan Range
Authors: Kumar Chandra Kishor , Chandola V. K. , Nema A. K.
Published: February 2022

Drought is a disastrous natural phenomenon that significantly impacts socio-economic, agricultural, and environmental spheres. It is considered as the primary factor of uncertainty that continues to haunt Indian agriculture and its economy. In this context, the drought scenario in the Mirzapur and Sonbhadra districts of the Vindhyan range motivates the investigation of drought characteristics through an index called Effective Drought Index (EDI). The analysis revealed that the region faced drought during 1989, 1992, 1998, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2014, and 2018. Maximum extreme drought events occurred in Citynagar block (21 events) followed by Kon block (20 events) in Mirzapur district, while blocks located in Sonbhadra district of the study area face 1 to 6 extreme drought events. Haliya block (28 events) in Mirzapur district and Myorpur block (26 events) in Sonbhadra district faces maximum severe drought events. Chhanvey block in Mirzapur district faces 25 severe drought events, while the rest of the block of the study area faces severe drought conditions that vary between 6 to 22 events. The severity of extreme drought is maximum in Citynagar block (-47.46) followed by Kon block (-44.87) in Mirzapur district. Maximum drought severity based on EDI computation used to prevails in Chopan block (-170.48) in Sonbhadra block followed by Haliya block (-171.12) in Mirzapur district. Maximum drought events of varying severity classes used to prevail in Robertsganj block (172 events) in Sonbhadra district. The analysis exposed the characteristics of drought that prevail in the region and through a thorough inspection suitable strategy can be synthesis that renders the impact of drought.
Case Report on Infantile Tremor Syndrome with Severe Acute Malnutrition
Authors: Bhuchhada Miral , Shukla Parth , Dabgar Monil , Idrisi Tousif , Chakraborthy Guno Sindhu
Published: February 2022

A 8 month old female infant presented with a complain of fever since 4 days which was low grade to moderate in nature, intermittent 1-2 spikes/day which was relieved with medication, cough and cold since 2 days which was on and off since last 2 months, and had complain of ear discharge since 1 week from right ear. The discharge was yellowish in color, small in quantity and non foul smelling;the infant was showing tremors of limbs during awake stage. The infant seemed unhealthy and the weight was very low according to the age growth. The infant showed mild tremors which was said to be ITS.
Studies on Mutagenic Effectiveness and Efficiency of Gamma Rays and EMS in Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum)
Authors: Jency J. Poornima , Ravikesavan R.
Published: February 2022

Mutation breeding is the defined approach used for crop production and has played a key role in the creation of several varieties. The present research was carried out to induce mutants in kodo millet variety CO 3 using a physical mutagen (gamma rays) and a chemical mutagen  (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate) for creating novelty. Seeds were treated with five doses of gamma-rays viz., 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy, and 500 Gy at BARC, Kalpakam and with three concentrations of EMS viz., 24.15 mM, 32.20 mM and 40.25 mM. In the laboratory test, root and shoot lengths of seedlings were decreased with an increase in the dose of gamma rays and EMS. In field study, the germination percentage and survival rate of seedlings were decreased with an increase in the dose of gamma irradiation and EMS. In M2 generation, five types of chlorophyll mutations viz., albino, xantha, striata, chlorina and albomaculata were observed. Xantha and chlorina were observed in all treatments, whereas, striata and albomaculata were observed only in 200 Gy. Based on the biological damages on M2 plants, mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency were estimated. Both mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency reduced with the increase in the dose of irradiation. Regarding height reduction and lethality, the dose of 100 Gy in gamma treatment and 32.20 mM concentration in EMS treatment recorded maximum efficiency. The mutagenic effectiveness was found to be higher at gamma rays irradiated with 100 Gy and in EMS, in 24.15 mM concentration. The 100 Gray dose and 24.15 mM concentration was found to be highly effective for inducing mutation in kodo millet.