bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benefits, Challenges, and Opportunities for International Research Collaborations: Perspectives from the Limnology and Oceanography Research Exchange
Authors: Wilkins Keiko W. , Rosa‐Marín Angelique , Weisend Rachel E. , Kurosawa Emmi
Published: October 2020

With the ever‐changing advances in the aquatic sciences, more efficient coordination of projects and cooperation between scientists in different countries is needed. The inclusion of scientists across the globe to solve complex ecosystem questions requires effective international collaborations across disciplines. One way to advance this process is through international research collaborations (IRCs) which include the next generation of scientists: graduate students. Through the use of lessons learned from the Limnology and Oceanography Research Exchange (LOREX) program, we provide survey and focus group data to show the benefits and challenges of IRCs and exchanges. We also provide recommendations for participants for future successful IRC programs like LOREX. Many opportunities exist for providing effective professional development for graduate students to ensure that they are successful in incorporating international research in their future careers. Creating programs like LOREX for graduate students could go a long way toward bridging the scientific gaps and improving mutual understanding between countries contributing to diversity in the broadest sense.
Controlling the Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Degradation to Maintain the Stemness and Function of Adipose‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vascular Regeneration Application
Authors: Yang Shaojie , Jiang Xia , Xiao Xiong , Niu Chuan , Xu Yue , Huang Ziwei , Kang Y. James , Feng Li
Published: October 2020

Biodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds with adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have been used in vascular regeneration studies. An evaluation method of the effect of PCL degradation products (DP) on the viability, stemness, and differentiation capacities of ADSCs is established. ADSCs are cultured in medium containing different concentrations of PCL DP before evaluating the effect of PCL DP on the cell apoptosis and proliferation, cell surface antigens, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacities, and capacities to differentiate into endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The results demonstrate that PCL DP exceed 0.05 mg mL−1 may change the stemness and differentiation capacities of ADSCs. Therefore, to control the proper concentration of PCL DP is essential for ADSCs in vascular regeneration application.
Many a little makes a mickle: Why do consumers negatively react to sequential price disclosure?
Authors: Totzek Dirk , Jurgensen Gabriel
Published: October 2020

Drip pricing (DP) is distinct from partitioned pricing as it sequentially discloses surcharges to consumers. Critics see DP as a deceptive pricing tactic because it obscures the final price of an offer. We examine the effects of the timing of the final price disclosure and the number of sequentially presented surcharges on consumers' attention to the final price and, ultimately, perceived price fairness. In an eye‐tracking study with 225 participants, we find that the sequential (vs. up‐front) disclosure of the final price lowers perceived price fairness by increasing consumers' attention to the final price, in particular, when the number of surcharges is high. In addition, the sequential disclosure of the final price lowers perceived price fairness because of higher perceived price complexity and lower pricing transparency perceptions. The findings suggest that firms need to be aware of both attentional and cognitive effects of the final price disclosure when designing DP.
Larviculture of Snubnose Pompano under Conditions of High Salinity
Authors: Young Benjamin C. , Hussain Alfaggeh Riyadh , AlMoutiri Ibrahim
Published: October 2020

This study estimated the survival rate and growth performance of Snubnose Pompano Trachinotus blochii larvae at different levels of salinity: 25, 33, 39, and 42‰. The experiments were conducted in triplicate, with 1,000 larvae per tank, and the control group was maintained at a salinity level of 42‰ at 28.3–31.0°C. At 18 h posthatch, the larvae were transferred directly to the four different salinities and their survival and growth rates were monitored. Our results indicated that the appropriate salinity for the survival of Snubnose Pompano larvae is 33–39‰, and 100% mortality was observed within 4 d posthatch at a salinity level of 42‰. Growth performance was not significantly different between the groups, except in the control group. After 21 d, strong cannibalism in the 25‰ groups was more evident than it was in the other groups. Overall, the results indicate that the larviculture of Snubnose Pompano is feasible at salinities of 33–39‰.
Nutrition Support During Prone Positioning: An Old Technique Reawakened by COVID‐19
Authors: Behrens Shay , Kozeniecki Michelle , Knapp Nathan , Martindale Robert G.
Published: October 2020

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complex disease characterized by inflammation, resulting in diffuse alveolar damage, proliferation, and fibrosis, and carries a high mortality rate. Recently, the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has overwhelmed healthcare systems worldwide, as many patients have required hospitalization for the management of respiratory failure similar in nature to ARDS. In addition to lung‐protective ventilation strategies aimed to maintain an oxygen saturation >90%, a ratio of partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen >200, a pH of 7.25–7.40, and a plateau pressure <35 cm H2O, prone positioning has emerged as an effective treatment strategy for severe ARDS by improving oxygenation and secretion clearance. Although early nutrition assessment and intervention are recommended for acutely and critically ill patients, rotational therapy may present challenges in providing this care. Here, we will describe the pathophysiology of ARDS and the rationale for use of prone positioning and review the considerations and challenges of providing nutrition therapy for patients in the prone position.
Providing Supportive and Palliative Care Using Telemedicine for Patients with Advanced Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico
Authors: Chávarri-Guerra Yanin , Ramos-López Wendy Alicia , Covarrubias-Gómez Alfredo , Sánchez-Román Sofía , Quiroz-Friedman Paulina , Alcocer-Castillejos Natasha , del Pilar Milke-García María , Carrillo-Soto Mónica , Morales-Alfaro Andrea , Medina-Palma Mildred , Aguilar-Velazco José Carlos , Morales-Barba Karen , Razcon-Echegaray Andrea , Maldonado Jenny , Soto-Perez-de-Celis Enrique
Published: October 2020

COVID-19 has overwhelmed the capacity of health care systems, limiting access to supportive and palliative care for patients with advanced cancer. Telemedicine has emerged as a tool to provide care continuity to patients while limiting the risk of contagion. However, implementing telemedicine in resource-limited settings is challenging. We report the results of a multidisciplinary patient-navigator-led telemedicine supportive care program in Mexico City. One-hundred sixty-three telemedicine interventions were provided to 45 patients (median age 68, 57% female). A quarter of the patients had less than or equal to elementary school education, and 15% lived in a rural area. The most common interventions were psychological care (33%), pain and symptom control (25%), and nutritional counseling (13%). Half of the interventions were provided by video conferencing. The most common patient-reported barrier was limited experience using communication technology. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of providing supportive and palliative care interventions using telemedicine in resource-limited settings.
Relationship between stress and weight management behaviors during the COVID‐19 pandemic among those enrolled in an internet program
Authors: Pellegrini Christine A. , Webster Jennifer , Hahn Korina R. , Leblond Tiffany L. , Unick Jessica L.
Published: October 2020

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in mandated stay‐at‐home orders, potentially resulting in changes in mental health (e.g., stress, anxiety) and challenges maintaining healthy dietary and physical activity behaviors.

Objective

This study examined how stress was associated with mental well‐being and weight loss behaviors during the COVID‐19 pandemic among adults enrolled in an internet‐based weight loss program.

Methods

Participants enrolled in a weight‐loss program residing in Rhode Island or Massachusetts, USA, completed a brief survey on their mental health and current weight‐loss behaviors during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Surveys were completed between 14 April 2020 and 21 April 2020, approximately one month after stay‐at‐home orders were mandated. Linear regression was used to examine associations between stress, mental health, and weight‐loss behaviors.

Results

A total of 99 participants completed the survey (79% female, 91% white, 52.2 ± 9.8 years, 34.0 ± 5.2 kg/m2, 77% reported moderate to extreme stress). Greater stress was associated with higher BMI (p = 0.04), higher education (p = 0.04), working more hours (p = 0.003), and having school‐age children at home (p = 0.002). Greater stress was also associated with higher levels of anxiety, worry, and concern regarding COVID‐19 (p's < 0.001) and having less time to spend on weight‐loss efforts (p < 0.001), after controlling for BMI and education.

Conclusions

Many individuals enrolled in a weight‐loss program experienced more stress during COVID‐19 compared to before the pandemic. This stress was related to more mental health challenges as well as more difficulties finding time for weight management efforts.
Antibiotic utilization within 18 community hospitals in the United States: A 5‐year analysis
Authors: Thabit Abrar K. , Shea Katherine M. , Guzman Oscar E. , Garey Kevin W.
Published: October 2020

Background

Antibiotic overuse is associated with antibiotic resistance. We evaluated antibiotic utilization defined by days of therapy/1000 patient days (DOT/1000 PD) in various community hospitals across the United States.

Methods

Community hospitals within the Cardinal Health Drug Cost Opportunity Analytics database were evaluated for the availability of DOT/1000 PD data between 2012 to 2016 for overall and specific antibiotic use and the following classes: narrow‐spectrum β‐lactams (ampicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, cefazolin, and cephalexin), non‐carbapenem antipseudomonal β‐lactams (piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, and cefepime), carbapenems, anti‐methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus agents (vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, and tigecycline), and fluoroquinolones. Antibiotic utilization and change in utilization during the study period was calculated using linear regression (β coefficient).

Results

Eighteen hospitals had antibiotic utilization data available. Hospitals were primarily urban (72%) with an average of 209 total beds and 22 intensive care unit beds. Mean number of pharmacists in these hospitals was nine with a mean pharmacist: bed ratio of 0.05. While all hospitals had antimicrobial stewardship programs established during the study period, only 78% and 22% had infectious diseases (ID) physician and ID pharmacist on staff, respectively. A decrease in antipseudomonal β‐lactams (excluding carbapenems) and fluoroquinolones was observed (β coefficients = −1.2 and −2.6, respectively), all other antibiotic classes had increased utilization.

Conclusion

Overall antibiotic utilization increased over 5 years. The increase in narrow‐spectrum β‐lactams utilization along with the reduction in the use of antipseudomonal β‐lactams and fluoroquinolones indicate appropriate antimicrobial stewardship. Institutional antibiotic utilization should be evaluated for appropriateness to limit the overuse of broad‐spectrum antibiotics in an effort to reduce resistance development.
Thermo‐mechanical properties of rosin‐modified o‐cresol novolac epoxy thermosets comprising rosin‐based imidoamine curing agents
Authors: Thakur Tamanna , Jaswal Shipra , Gaur Bharti , Singha Amar Singh
Published: October 2020

Rosin‐modified o‐cresol novolac epoxy resin (AEOCN) was synthesized by condensation of rosin acid with o‐cresol formaldehyde novolac resin (AOCN). The AEOCN resin was further epoxidized using epichlorohydrin and sodium hydroxide. Rosin‐based imidoamine curing agents (IAMDK, IASDK, and IAEDK) were also prepared by reacting dimaleopimaryl ketone (DMPK), a dimerized rosin product with aromatic diamines. The chemical structures of all synthesized products were confirmed by FTIR,1H‐NMR,13C‐NMR, and DEPT‐135° spectroscopic techniques. The curing process of rosin‐modified epoxy cured with imidoamine crosslinkers was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the results were compared to o‐cresol novolac epoxy resin (EOCN) and some previously reported commercial‐based systems. The thermal and mechanical properties of the cured epoxy thermosets were determined using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and a universal testing machine (UTM), respectively. The chemical resistance analysis was carried out by immersing cured epoxy coated panels in 1M NaOH, 1MHCl, and 1M NaCl solutions. The results were evaluated in terms of % weight loss method and the morphological changes that appeared due to chemical exposure were also investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study presents the economical synthetic approach towards high‐performance bio‐based epoxy coating materials impending to replace some of the petrochemical compounds in coating industries.
An exploration of determinants of cyberchondria: A moderated mediation analysis
Authors: Zheng Han , Chen Xiaoyu , Fu Shaoxiong
Published: October 2020

Cyberchondria describes excessive or repeated health‐related information seeking on the Internet that is associated with increased emotional distress. Research on cyberchondria is still nascent. This study aims to propose a moderated mediation model to examine the relationships among intolerance of uncertainty, affective responses, e‐health literacy, and cyberchondria. Based on an online survey of 426 participants in China, the results suggest that intolerance of uncertainty is positively associated with cyberchondria, and affective responses partially mediate this association. Additionally, e‐health literacy negatively moderates the effect of affective responses on cyberchondria. Implications and limitations of this study are discussed.
Cross‐disciplinary data practices in earth system science: Aligning services with reuse and reproducibility priorities
Authors: Yan An , Huang Caihong , Lee Jian‐Sin , Palmer Carole L.
Published: October 2020

As a data intensive field that unites researchers from many disciplines, Earth System Science (ESS) is an ideal site for examining evolving cross‐disciplinary data practices. This paper reports on results from a survey examining data sharing, data reuse, and research reproducibility practices of ESS researchers, aimed at informing improvements in data services for interdisciplinary sciences. Data reuse was found to be very high for new and comparative analyses but very limited for reproducing research. Data sharing was also strong, mostly through supplements to published papers, with moderate use of open access repositories. At the same time, there was interesting variability in both data sharing and reuse among ESS disciplines. The most pronounced challenges to reuse and reproducibility stem from limited documentation on how data are collected and managed, practices that are poorly supported by institutions, funders, and publishers. A more refined approach to “reproducibility” is needed that aligns with priorities and practices within the research community. Just as importantly, advances in data service models for ESS and other interdisciplinary fields need to account for the diverse and distributed system of repositories and build a workforce with deeper knowledge of the complex data and methods that drive integrative systems science.
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology: Analysis of two decades of published research
Authors: Agarwal Naresh K. , Islam Md Anwarul
Published: October 2020

The Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology (JASIST) is a leading information science journal, recognized by many ranking metrics. Understanding patterns in articles published would be helpful to new researchers seeking to publish with the journal. However, the last comprehensive bibliometric analysis on JASIST is more than a decade old. The objective of this paper is to analyze the bibliographic information of full‐length research articles published in JASIST during the last two decades. This includes metrics such as article count, authorship, international collaboration, citations, and topical areas. Data was collected from SCOPUS, JASIST website, and Scimago. The findings show that JASIST published 3,052 articles during 2000–2020, which got cited 180,608 times (59.18 times per article) to date. Joint authorship and international collaboration has been increasing. Authors from institutions in 70 countries have published, with most articles from USA, with authorship from China steadily increasing in recent years. The detailed findings in the paper would help information science researchers and practitioners to assess the areas of focus, and various patterns in a top journal of the field. Such historical understanding is critical in charting agendas and directions for future research.
Uncovering temporal differences in COVID‐19 tweets
Authors: Zheng Han , Goh Dion H.‐L. , Lee Chei S. , Lee Edmund W. J. , Theng Yin L.
Published: October 2020

In the fight against the COVID‐19 pandemic, understanding how the public responds to various initiatives is an important step in assessing current and future policy implementations. In this paper, we analyzed Twitter tweets using topic modeling to uncover the issues surrounding people's discussion of the disease. Our focus was on temporal differences in topics, prior and after the declaration of COVID‐19 as a pandemic. Nine topics were identified in our analysis, each of which showed distinct levels of discussion over time. Our results suggest that as the pandemic progresses, the concerns of the public vary as new developments come to light.
Libraries and the UN Sustainable Development Goals: The past, present, and future
Authors: Cyr Christopher , Connaway Lynn Silipigni
Published: October 2020

This paper presents initial research from a broader project about the impact of libraries on the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In 2015, the UN launched the SDGs, a set of 17 goals for global development by the year 2030. Librarians helped shape the inclusion of access to information in these goals and are involved in furthering them through providing access to information. The OCLC Global Council has selected the SDGs as its area of focus for 2020 and is formulating a research program that will identify and advocate for the ways that libraries can help further the SDGs. This paper details the history of the SDGs and the role that librarians played in shaping them. It shows examples of ways that librarians and library initiatives have helped further them through providing access to information and information literacy skills. Finally, it offers suggestions for ways that library leaders could structure their information activates around the SDGs, based on data from a survey of OCLC Global Council delegates.
An ontology automation construction scheme for Chinese e‐government thesaurus optimizing
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhang Wei , Deng Sanhong , Zhang Baolong
Published: October 2020

To optimize the term hierarchy in the manual e‐government thesaurus, we combine the mainstream knowledge organization technology to form a complete set of ontology automation construction scheme. We build an e‐government knowledge base by using subject words in the Comprehensive E‐government Thesaurus as the term set and encyclopedia text as the corpus. The specific work includes the extraction of semantic features from the bag‐of‐words model, determination of the number of clusters by linear and nonlinear dimensionality reduction, division of terms by spectral clustering, social network analysis to determine the class label, and storing knowledge ontology via OWL. The recall rate of term hierarchy in the ontology is excellent, indicating the ontology has good knowledge extensibility, and also proving the efficiency of the scheme proposed in this work. Besides, the application model of a term hierarchy in information retrieval can show a richer semantic relation than the original thesaurus to guide the retrieval extension of government information resources.
What we can learn from information flows about COVID‐19: Implications for research and practice
Authors: Afzal Waseem
Published: October 2020

COVID‐19 has become a global pandemic affecting billions of people. Its impact on societies worldwide will be felt for years to come. The purpose of this research is to examine information flows about COVID‐19 to understand the information‐specific underpinnings that are shaping understandings of this crisis. As a starting point, this research analyzes information about COVID‐19 from a selection of information sources, including the World Health Organization (WHO), the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHCPRC), and three news outlets with vast global coverage. The analysis reveals some distinctive information underpinnings about COVID‐19, including (a) flows of information becoming regular and larger around certain dates, (b) preponderance of information imperfections such as incomplete information, misinformation, and disinformation, and (c) absence of information about some key turning points. The implications of these information imperfections in that they create information failures and, hence, ineffective approaches to dealing with this crisis warrant further investigation.
Searching Covid‐19 by linguistic register: Parallels and warrant for a new retrieval model
Authors: Benoît G.
Published: October 2020

Keeping informed given rapid trend in data and resources about covid‐19 is a new challenge. Different user groups (researchers/doctors, practitioners, public) vary in linguistic expression and vocabulary so a new retrieval framework might likewise vary to improve retrieval, expose unanticipated concepts, and establish a sustainable research stream. In this project a document collection about covid‐19 was created, parsed according to ISO12620's definition of linguistic register, and retrieval sets compared. Results suggest trends from other fields parallel register‐oriented criteria; project exposes unexpected concepts across groups, uses of visualization, and warrants ling‐register as a sustainable IR research stream.
“Predictive ads are not doctors”: Mental health tracking and technology companies
Authors: Costello Kaitlin L. , Floegel Diana
Published: October 2020

Although using mobile phone apps to track and monitor mental health is increasingly popular, we know little about how and why people with mental health diagnoses use such technologies, nor do we know of concerns they may express about these apps. Further, automated assessments of mental health status, or digital phenotyping, are also on the rise; how people with mental health conditions feel about such technologies is also an underexplored area of research. This paper presents an exploratory interview study with 12 people that begins to address these gaps. We focus specifically on how participants, who all have been diagnosed mental health conditions, perceive tech companies' involvement with existing mental health apps and mental health digital phenotyping. We find that participants satisfice in order to interact with existing mood tracking apps, and that they are wary of digital phenotyping for mental health diagnostics. Participants raise concerns related to profit motives, distrust, and fatalism in both cases, and they recommend regulations that may be put in place to keep tech companies in check. Though participants describe regulatory policies that may mitigate their concerns, we question whether regulations can truly foster sustainable interactions with mental health apps operated by technology companies.
Data to knowledge in action: A longitudinal analysis of GenBank metadata
Authors: Hemsley Jeff , Qin Jian , Bratt Sarah E.
Published: October 2020

Studies typically use publication‐based authorship data to study the relationships between collaboration networks and knowledge diffusion. However, collaboration in research often starts long before publication with data production efforts. In this project we ask how collaboration in data production networks affects and contributes to knowledge diffusion, as represented by patents, another form of knowledge diffusion. We drew our data from the metadata associated with genetic sequence records stored in the National Institutes of Health's GenBank database. After constructing networks for each year and aggregating summary statistics, regressions were used to test several hypotheses. Key among our findings is that data production team size is positively related to the number of patents each year. Also, when actors on average have more links, we tend to see more patents. Our study contributes in the area of science of science by highlighting the important role of data production in the diffusion of knowledge as measured by patents.
Do neutral names have an influence on scientists' research impact
Authors: Zhang Ning , Li Jiang
Published: October 2020

The underrepresentation of women in academia and industries is a hot topic in many research fields. Studies of some occupations showed that neutral names help change the inferior positions of women. Using the publication data of the Web of Science from 2009 to 2015, this paper analyzed citations within 3 years after publication, to investigate whether a neutral name has an impact on the research impact of a scientist. The findings show that: (a) a paper is cited significantly more when the author's name sounds more neutral; (b) the effect of single author's name neutralization degree on citations shows no significant difference in different fields except “Engineering & Technology”; (c) for both men and women, first and last authors with relatively gender‐neutral names have higher scientific impact, in the fields of “Clinical, Pre‐Clinical & Health”, “Engineering & Technology”, “Life Sciences” and “Physical Sciences”. Implications of these findings are provided at the end of the manuscript.
Information science identity: Students' perspective
Authors: Ma Yuanye , Goray Cami
Published: October 2020

We present a qualitative study that maps Library and Information Science (LIS) students' understanding of their information science identity. The mapping is achieved through exploring multiple aspects of this identity, including students' conceptualization of the field and related disciplines, their evaluation of coursework, and their future career expectations. Twelve semi‐structured interviews were conducted with undergraduate and graduate LIS students in the spring of 2020. Five themes were identified through the coding process, which include: how students conceptualized the field in general, the people focus in information science, students' explicit expression of difficulty in describing the field, coursework representative of information science, and how students relate information science studies to their intended career path. Leveraging the students' perspective to frame this identity question is valuable, because it offers an opportunity to understand the Library and Information Science identity in its formative stages.
Transforming and sustaining information science education: A conversation to begin the asistED podcast
Authors: Pollock Danielle , Demasson Andrew , Zhang Mei , Williams Rachel , Maurici Arthur
Published: October 2020

The COVID‐19 global pandemic necessitated sudden, large scale transformations in higher education, as many institutions and programs were forced to leverage their existing technological resources and expertise to manage a rapid shift to delivering education in an online‐only environment. In the short term, the shift required creativity, quick thinking, and in many cases, adaptations that were less than ideal. In wake of that semester, the conversation has now shifted to how to best manage sustained transformation of higher education in the face of these new realities. This, too, will take creativity and leveraging of technology and expertise. This alternative event represents an interactive conversation with information science education professionals about transformation experiences, the leveraging of new technologies, and the future of information science education. This event will also be the first episode of SIG ED's new podcast, asistED: The Information Science Education Podcast, itself developed as a creative new way to offer a forum for conversation, connection, and continuing professional development focused on issues related to information science education. This event will be recorded for later download.
The role of the data paper in scholarly communication
Authors: Jiao Chenyue , Darch Peter T.
Published: October 2020

Data sharing and reuse promise many benefits to science, but many researchers are reluctant to share and reuse data. Data papers, published as peer‐reviewed articles that provide descriptive information about specific datasets, are a potential solution as they may incentivize sharing by providing a mechanism for data producers to get citation credit and support reuse by providing contextual information about dataset production. Data papers can receive many citations. However, does citation of a data paper mean reuse of the underlying dataset? This paper presents preliminary findings from a content‐based citation analysis of data papers (n = 103) published in two specialized data journals, one in earth sciences and one in physical and chemical sciences. We conclude that while the genre of data papers facilitates some data sharing and reuse, they fail to live up to their full potential. Further, practices of reuse of datasets from data papers vary considerably between disciplines. We propose measures for academic publishers to enhance the data paper's role in scholarly communication to attract more attention from researchers and to inform discipline‐specific policy and practices related to data publication.
Adapting research process models for the design of knowledge engineering applications
Authors: Keefer Donald A. , Wickett Karen M.
Published: October 2020

To design knowledge bases that effectively address desired reasoning goals, knowledge engineering requires a detailed description of information flow throughout the reasoning processes. Most existing workflow modeling technologies do not provide sufficient detail for projects where cognitive reasoning and field‐ or lab‐based data collection are important components. Research Process Modeling (RPM) was developed to support curation and data lifecycle needs, providing user‐targeted documentation on processes, agents, and artifacts, within research projects that include both computational and field‐ or lab‐based processes. We demonstrate the value of RPM to support the design of a knowledge engineering application within 3‐D geologic mapping, by documenting and describing information flow through a complex research project involving field‐, computation‐, and cognitive process‐generated data.
Mind the gap: Exploring differences between librarians’ and students’ perceptions of information literacy instruction
Authors: Julien Heidi , Gross Melissa , Latham Don
Published: October 2020

A study of information literacy instruction (ILI) practices in community college libraries in the United States has included a survey of instructional librarians and interviews with students. The goals of the study were to examine how librarians’ ILI is being impacted by the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy in the community college context; to understand librarians’ perceptions of their students’ information literacy (IL) abilities; and, to explore students’ experiences of ILI and their perceptions of their IL abilities. The study revealed challenges facing community college librarians, as well as gaps between the librarians’ and students’ perceptions, pinpointing opportunities for instructional improvements.
Rural librarians' perspectives on makerspaces and community engagement
Authors: Kim Soo Hyeon , Copeland Andrea
Published: October 2020

This study investigates eight rural librarians' perspectives related to makerspaces, community engagement, and youth informal learning through cultural probes and semi‐structured interviews. Preliminary findings through content analysis suggest the importance of aligning the librarians and the youths' interests in making to support learning within library‐based makerspaces and highlight the need to support rural librarians to develop STEM competencies and strategic partnerships.
Effects of mobile instant messaging applications in the workplace
Authors: Lee Chei Sian , Ker Ernie Seng , Ng Chee Hong , Ye Jialing , Watson‐Manheim Mary‐Beth
Published: October 2020

Despite the popularity of MIM applications in the workplace, little research has been done to understand the use of MIM applications at work. This initial study attempts to explore the effects of MIM on communication quality and Work‐Life‐Balance. Preliminary analysis from 166 participants indicated that the use of MIM did not compromise communication quality or Work‐Life‐Balance. Additionally, we also found that MIM applications facilitate information flow between work and personal domains.
Is it real? A study on detecting deepfake videos
Authors: Thaw Nyein Nyein , July Thin , Wai Aye Nu , Goh Dion Hoe‐Lian , Chua Alton Y.K.
Published: October 2020

We present an exploratory study of how people detect deepfake videos. Through watching a set of real and fake videos, and semi‐structured interviews, participants identified a set of characteristics such as blurred faces and unnatural voices, present in deepfake videos. A list of verification strategies, including checking other sources and repeated viewing, were also derived.
Collaborative information monitoring: Preliminary results of a systematic mixed studies review and a framework synthesis
Authors: Granikov Vera , El Sherif Reem , Bouthillier France , Pluye Pierre
Published: October 2020

Keeping up to date is essential across professional fields, yet it remains a challenge. Collaboration may act as a facilitator, yet more knowledge is needed to see if, how, and why it could overcome the challenges of keeping up to date. This systematic mixed studies review, a work in progress, bridges the conceptual fields of information monitoring/environmental scanning with collaborative information seeking. Specifically, a “best fit” framework synthesis approach is used to identify potential factors and outcomes, and to adapt a model of environmental scanning to collaborative information monitoring.
Using a 360° camera as a mobile data collection method towards understanding information types and use in running
Authors: Pretlove Lee J. , Cox Andrew M. , Sbaffi Laura , Hopfgartner Frank
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a mobile data collection method using a 360° camera developed in an ongoing qualitative doctoral research project. The method captures audio, participant action and the running environment visuals of a situation in an immersive way compared to traditional audio‐video capture. The method contributes towards an understanding of information types, use and value amongst those who run. This paper describes the mobile method, its research context and provides an insight to how the method has contributed to developing findings about information types and use.
Correlation between references and citations in artificial intelligence: A preliminary study
Authors: Xiao Lianjie , Jiang Weiwei
Published: October 2020

To reveal whether there exists a correlation between the number of references and the number of citations in a paper of the Artificial Intelligence‐related conference, we present an experiment based on a total number of 9,458 papers published in CVPR, ICML, and AAAI from the year 2014 to 2018. Spearman's rank correlation tests show that the number of references and that of the citations are correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.435, 0.464, and 0.180 respectively, in each p < .01. This means an increasing number of references in a paper may be contributing to the increase in citations. However, citing more references does not guarantee that a paper will be a highly cited paper. We hope this finding can provide a basis for the prediction of the citation impact of the Artificial Intelligence conference papers in the future.
Nucleation Dynamics of Phase‐Change Memory Materials: Atomic Motion and Property Evolution
Authors: Chen Nian-Ke , Liu Yu-Ting , Wang Xue-Peng , Li Xian-Bin
Published: October 2020

Reversible phase transitions between crystalline and amorphous phases of phase‐change memory (PCM) materials are the physical basis of PCM. Applications of PCM in multilevel memory, in‐memory computing, and neuromorphic computing require a precise control of material's structure/property to achieve signals beyond binary (0/1), where recrystallization is the key process because it is smooth compared with violent amorphization. By molecular dynamic simulations and electronic structure analyses based on density functional theory, nucleation dynamics during recrystallization are investigated from the point of view of atomic motions and property evolutions. Atomic motions are examined individually rather than statistically. According to the results, an atomic picture of the growth of the nucleus is described in detail, where the competition between the potential seeds of nucleus plays a critical role. The electron polarization during recrystallization is mapped to the linearly aligned atom chains. Further analyses of the Born effective charge confirm the delocalization of the electrons in the atom chains. Also, a large p‐orbital‐axial Born effective charge is observed in long‐range atom chains, which suggests a kind of resonance enhancement of electronic delocalization. These dynamics of nucleation in recrystallization provide references for the fine control of PCM performances.
Pulmonary lipiodol embolism following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization
Authors: Moriya Tomohiro , Kawakami Naoki , Wakai Yoko , Saito Hiroaki , Saito Kazuhito
Published: October 2020

Key message

Computed tomography of pulmonary lipiodol embolism reveals high‐density areas in the lung field or intrapulmonary blood vessels. One of the risk factors of lipiodol embolism is embolization of the inferior phrenic artery.
Halogenation of Imidazo[1,2‐α]pyridines with DXDMH (X=Cl, Br and I) Using DMSO as a Solvent and an Oxidant
Authors: Zhu Sha , Wang Binbin , Li Huiqin , Xiao Wending , Teng Fan , Shen Haicheng , Gui Qing‐Wen , Li Zhouchao , Jiang Hongmei
Published: October 2020

A simple and inexpensive methodology is reported for the conversion of imidazo[1,2‐α]pyridines to 3‐halo imidazo[1,2‐α]pyridines via oxidative halogenation using DXDMH (X=Cl, Br and I) paired with dimethyl sulfoxide, which serves as the oxidants as well as cosolvent.
Application of g‐C3N4 Matrix Composites Photocatalytic Performance from Degradation of Antibiotics
Authors: Niu Jinfen , Wang Kai , Ma Zhangtengfei , Yang Fan , Zhang Yue
Published: October 2020

Semiconductor photocatalysts have broad prospects in the removal of antibiotics in water. In numerous semiconductor light catalyst materials, g‐C3N4 has attracted much attention because of its suitable band gap, high thermal and chemical stability. But its conductivity is poor, and the visible light utilization rate is low, which restrict the range of application. Modification strategies such as doping and semiconductor materials compounding can expand the visible light absorption range and maintain the advantages of high redox capacity of the photocatalyst. This article introduces the hazards of antibiotics in water, describes the progress of research on the modification of g‐C3N4 by metal elements, non‐metal elements, metal oxides and metal sulfides to remove antibiotics (TCs, SAs etc.) in water. Finally, we try to put forward some new research directions on the basis of the current research of photocatalyst, and put forward some simple views on the application of g‐C3N4.
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Direct‐Quenched and Direct‐Quenched and Tempered Microalloyed Ultrahigh‐Strength Steels
Authors: Hannula Jaakko , Kaijalainen Antti , Porter David A. , Somani Mahesh C. , Kömi Jukka
Published: October 2020

Herein the effects of molybdenum and niobium on the microstructures and mechanical properties of laboratory‐rolled and direct‐quenched and direct‐quenched and tempered steels are revealed. The microstructures are martensitic with yield strength of 766–1119 MPa in direct‐quenched condition and 632–1011 MPa in direct‐quenched and tempered condition. Mo and Nb additions lead to a fine martensitic microstructure that imparts a good combination of strength and toughness. Steel with 0.5 wt% molybdenum has a high yield strength of 1119 MPa combined with low 28 J transition temperature of −95 °C in direct‐quenched condition. Molybdenum and niobium increase the strength significantly during tempering due to enhanced solute drag and precipitation hardening. Addition of 0.25 wt% molybdenum increases yield strength from 632 to 813 MPa after tempering. However, the combination of niobium and molybdenum results in even greater increase in yield strength during tempering compared to the nonalloyed version, producing almost 400 MPa increase in yield strength. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that only niobium forms stable precipitates during tempering, indicating that molybdenum largely remains in solution. X‐ray diffraction analysis elucidates that molybdenum and molybdenum–niobium alloying prevents annihilation of dislocations, leading to the presence of high densities of dislocations after tempering.
Causal inference in the presence of missing data using a random forest‐based matching algorithm
Authors: Hillis Tristan , Guarcello Maureen A. , Levine Richard A. , Fan Juanjuan
Published: October 2020

Observational studies require matching across groups over multiple confounding variables. Across the literature, matching algorithms fail to handle the issue of missing data. Consequently, missing values are regularly imputed prior to being considered in the matching process. However, imputing is not always practical, forcing us to drop an observation due to the deficiency of the chosen algorithm, decreasing the power of the study and possibly failing to capture crucial latent information. We propose a missing data mechanism to incorporate within an iterative multivariate matching method. The underlying framework utilizes random forest as a natural tool in constructing a distance matrix, implemented with surrogate splits where there might be missing values. The output is then easily fed into an optimal matching algorithm. We apply this method to evaluate the effectiveness of supplemental instruction (SI) sessions, a voluntary program where students seek additional help, in a large enrollment, bottleneck introductory business statistics course. This is an observational study with two groups, those who attend multiple SI sessions and those who do not, and, as typical in educational data mining, challenged by missing data. Additionally, we perform a data simulation on missingness to further demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed approach.
It's the product not the polymer: Rethinking plastic pollution
Authors: Stanton Thomas , Kay Paul , Johnson Matthew , Chan Faith Ka Shun , Gomes Rachel L. , Hughes Jennifer , Meredith William , Orr Harriet G. , Snape Colin E. , Taylor Mark , Weeks Jason , Wood Harvey , Xu Yuyao
Published: October 2020

Mismanaged plastic waste poses a complex threat to the environments that it contaminates, generating considerable concern from academia, industry, politicians, and the general public. This concern has driven global action that presents a unique opportunity for widespread environmental engagement beyond the immediate problem of the persistence of plastic in the environment. But for such an opportunity to be realized, it is vital that the realities of plastic waste are not misrepresented or exaggerated. Hotspots of plastic pollution, which are often international in their source, present complex environmental problems in certain parts of the world. Here we argue, however, that the current discourse on plastic waste overshadows greater threats to the environment and society at a global scale. Antiplastic sentiments have been exploited by politicians and industry, where reducing consumers' plastic footprints are often confused by the seldom‐challenged veil of environmental consumerism, or “greenwashing.” Plastic is integral to much of modern day life, and regularly represents the greener facilitator of society's consumption. We conclude that it is the product, not the polymer that is driving the issue of plastic waste. Contemporary consumption and disposal practices are the root of much of the anthropogenic waste in the environment, plastic, or not. Effective environmental action to minimize plastic in the environment should be motivated by changes in consumption practices, policies, and product design, and should be informed by objective science and legislation.

This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Pb[PtBi6I12] – Infinite Chains of Heavy Atom Clusters
Authors: Herz Maria A. , Knies Maximilian , Finzel Kati , Ruck Michael
Published: October 2020

Reaction of Bi with Pb, Pt and BiI3 above 330 °C yielded shiny, black, air insensitive crystals of the subiodide Pb[PtBi6I12]. Pb[PtBi6I12] crystallizes in the rhombohedral space group R3 with lattice parameters a = 1585.39(5) pm and c = 1098.77(3) pm at room temperature. The compound consists of cuboctahedral [PtBi6I12]2– clusters and Pb2+ cations in octahedral coordination between trigonal faces of two cuboctahedra, which concatenate them into linear chains. Six weaker Bi···I inter‐cluster bridges per cluster connect the chains. The structure can be interpreted as a superstructure of the NaCl structure type, with iodide and platinum(–II) as anions and bismuth(II) and lead(II) as cations, leaving 18 out of 39 cation positions unoccupied. The arrangement of the cuboctahedral clusters follows the motif of a body‐centered cubic packing. Pb[PtBi6I12] is a semiconductor with a measured bandgap of 0.69 eV. Full‐relativistic DFT calculations indicate a topologically trivial bandgap of 0.58 eV.
Non minimal D-type conformal matter compactified on three punctured spheres
Authors: Sabag Evyatar
Published: October 2020

Abstract

We study compactifications of 6d non minimal (Dp+3, Dp+3) type conformal matter. These can be described by N M5-branes probing a Dp+3-type singularity. We derive 4d Lagrangians corresponding to compactifications of such 6d SCFTs on three punctured spheres (trinions) with two maximal punctures and one minimal puncture. The trinion models are described by simple $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 quivers with SU(2N) gauge nodes. We derive the trinion Lagrangians using RG flows between the aforementioned 6d SCFTs with different values of p and their relations to matching RG flows in their compactifications to 4d. The suggested trinions are shown to reduce to known models in the minimal case of N = 1. Additional checks are made to show the new minimal punctures uphold the expected S-duality between models in which we exchange two such punctures. We also show that closing the new minimal puncture leads to expected flux tube models.