bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strange Stars in the Color‐Flavor Locked (CFL) Phase: Masses, Radii and Deformabilities
Authors: Köpp Fábio , Horvath Jorge Ernesto , Hadjimichef Dimiter , Zen Vasconcellos César A.
Published: November 2024

In the search for the true ground state of dense matter at sufficiently large densities and low temperatures, we model the color‐flavor locked quark phase (CFL) and elaborate on strange quark star models. We address then the feasibility conditions for the realization of the phase diagram of dense nuclear matter, as a function of the baryonic chemical potential, , and the temperature (plane ), in the compact stars (neutron star, quark star or hybrid star) regime , , where represents the mass of the nucleon. Finally, we compare our results with recent mass‐radius values and the tidal deformability of the GW170817 event (NS‐NS merger). Given observational and theoretical uncertainties in the determination of the phase diagram of superdense matter—specifically at the color superconductor region, in our study we focus our attention on consistent parametrizations of the quark matter density , the superconducting band gap and the strange quark mass in order to match observational mass predictions. Our results are in accordance with observational expectations for massive compact stars, exceeding in some cases solar masses.
An evaluation of compassion‐focused therapy groups for women accessing a specialist perinatal service in England
Authors: Lawrence Kate , Nicholson Hannah , Iwanow Magdalena , Johnston Tara , Skelhorn Lucy , Toole Emily , O'Shaughnessy Ruth
Published: November 2024

Background

The perinatal period is a potentially vulnerable time for new mothers and infants, and can trigger self‐criticism and feelings of shame or blame. Compassion‐focussed therapy (CFT) focusses on developing an alternative to shame and self‐criticism.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate a transdiagnostic CFT group for women accessing a specialist perinatal service.

Method

Quantitative data were obtained from 114 people who engaged in the intervention. Participants completed a range of pre‐ and post‐group self‐report outcome measures that assessed self‐criticism and self‐compassion, mental health, parent–infant bonding and personalised goals.

Findings

Statistically significant improvements were found on all measures, suggesting that attending the CFT group resulted in meaningful change.

Conclusions

Results suggest that CFT groups are feasible and efficacious for women in the perinatal period across a range of clinical presentations. Limitations of this study are considered together with future directions for research into perinatal CFT.
Mo−O−Sn Bond Boosting Kinetics of MoO2−xSnO2/Sn Anode for High‐Performance Li‐ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Xiaojun , Li Wangzi , Bai Panqing , Dong Zhenyu , Yang Zhen , Dang Yubo , Gao Tianqi , Yuan Xing
Published: December 2024

Obtaining a robust electrode composed of Sn‐based metal oxides and carbonaceous matrix through nanoscale structure engineering is essential for effectively improving Li‐ion batteries’ electrochemical performance and stability. Herein, we report a bimetallic MoO2‐xSnO2/Sn nanoparticles uniformly anchored on N, S co‐doped graphene nanosheets (MoO2‐xSnO2/Sn@NSG) as an anode electrode for Li‐ion battery via a one‐step hydrothermal and thermal treatment approach. In the MoO2‐xSnO2/Sn nanocomposite, the generated Sn−O−Mo bond can modulate the electronic and composition structures to improve the intrinsic conductivity of SnO2 and reinforce the structural stability during cycles. Moreover, featuring excellent electronic conductivity via coupling of MoO2‐xSnO2/Sn and hierarchical NBG matrix, the MoO2‐xSnO2/Sn@NSG electrode possesses ultrafast electrochemical kinetics and superior long‐term cycling stability and rate capability. Additionally, the hierarchical MoO2‐2SnO2/Sn@NSG can suppress the aggregation and accommodate the volume variations of active substances, thereby providing more lithium storage sites. Consequently, the optimized MoO2‐2SnO2/Sn@NSG anode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 904 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and excellent cycling performance with the reversible capacity of 456 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 over 600 cycles. The universal synthesis technology of bimetallic oxide anodes for advanced LIBs may provide vital guidance in designing high‐performance energy‐storage materials.
Hydridostannylene Derivatives of Magnesium and Calcium
Authors: Kennedy Dominic B. , Pearce Kyle G. , Neale Samuel E. , Morris Louis J. , Mahon Mary F. , Lowe John P. , McMullin Claire L. , Jones Cameron , Hill Michael S.
Published: December 2024

Reactions of a m‐terphenylhydridostannylene with β‐diketiminato magnesium and calcium hydrides provide bis‐μ2‐hydrido species, the heterobimetallic constitutions of which are maintained after the addition of THF donor solvent. In both cases, reactions with hex‐1‐ene result in the formation of tetravalent organostannyl alkaline earth derivatives. Whereas the magnesium reagent undergoes facile twofold addition, the calcium‐centered process is arrested after a single alkene reduction event. This contrasting behavior is assessed to result from the heavier alkaline earth element's ability to form a persistent polyhapto interaction with an arene substituent of the m‐terphenyl ligand.
Myelinated Glial Cells: Their Proposed Role in Waste Clearance and Neurodegeneration in Arachnid and Human Brain
Authors: Fabian‐Fine Ruth , Weaver Adam L. , Roman Abigail G. , Winters Melanie J. , DeWitt John C.
Published: November 2024

One of the most important goals in biomedical sciences is understanding the causal mechanisms of neurodegeneration. A prevalent hypothesis relates to impaired waste clearance mechanisms from the brain due to reported waste aggregation in the brains of Alzheimer patients, including amyloid‐β plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles. Currently, our understanding of the mechanisms by which waste is removed from the brain is only fragmentary. Here we provide compelling evidence that waste clearance from brain tissue is highly conserved in arachnids and humans. Utilizing RNAscope in situ hybridization, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and histological approaches, we demonstrate that cellular debris in spider neurons is engulfed by myelin‐forming ependymal glial cells that transect into neuronal somata and form myelin‐derived waste‐internalizing receptacles. These canal systems channel this debris into the lymphatic system likely in an aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) water channel‐dependent manner. We provide robust evidence that a similar process may be true in human hippocampus where vast numbers of myelinated AQP4‐immunoreactive ependymal glial cells send cellular projections into the somata of neurons and glial cells where they differentiate into waste internalizing receptacles. In the brains of Alzheimer decedents, hypertrophic impairment of these myelinated glial cells leads to the catastrophic obstruction and depletion of neuronal cytoplasm into the ependymal glial cells. At the cellular level, the structural impairment of macroglia leads to swelling myelin protrusions that appear as electron‐lucent circular profiles, explaining spongiform abnormalities associated with the neurodegenerative diseases described here. We propose to term this novel type of macroglia‐mediated cell death “gliaptosis.”
An Electrochemical Screening Reactor Kit for Rapid Optimization of Electrosynthesis Applications
Authors: Wickert Leon , Pellumbi Kevinjeorjios , Kleinhaus Julian T. , Wolf Jonas , Obel Julia , Cao Rui , Siegmund Daniel , Apfel Ulf‐Peter
Published: December 2024

Electrosynthetic processes powered by renewable energy present a viable solution to decarbonize the chemical industry, while producing essential chemical products for modern society. However, replacing well‐established thermocatalytic methods with renewable‐powered electrosynthesis requires cost‐efficient and highly optimized systems. Current optimization of electrolysis conditions towards industrial applications involving scalable electrodes is time‐consuming, highlighting the necessity for the development of electrochemical setups aimed at rapid and material efficient testing. To address this challenge, we introduce a 3D‐printed electrochemical screening reactor designed for rapid optimization of relevant electrochemical parameters, utilizing electrode and membrane materials comparable to those in scalable electrolyzers. The reactor comprises eight individual two‐compartment cells that can be operated simultaneously and independently. To evaluate the reactor′s ability to provide meaningful insights on scalable cell designs, trends were compared with data from conventional scalable systems for electrochemical hydrogenations (EChH), demonstrating fast and accurate parameter optimization with the screening reactor. A detailed description of the reactor design and construction data files are provided using open‐source tools, enabling easy modification for anyone. We believe this screening reactor will be a valuable tool for the scientific community, for facilitating the discovery of reactions with customized electrode designs and rapidly improving conditions in established large‐scale electrolyzers.
An Adaptive Control Strategy for VSG Parameters With Perturbation Segmentation
Authors: Wang Meijie , Cen Honglei , Lu Min , Li Jingbin , Zhao M. , Li Jingyun
Published: November 2024

The virtual synchronous generator (VSG)–based photovoltaic system is affected by the external environment and sudden changes in load, which can lead to deteriorations in dynamic characteristics of power and frequency and even system instability. To ensure the dynamic performance and stability of the system, it is necessary to adjust the inertia‐damping parameters in time. This paper proposes a new cooperative adaptive control strategy for VSG inertia and damping parameters by analyzing the output angular frequency change and angular frequency deviation during the dynamic process of the system. Segmental adaptation is based on the size of the perturbation. The parameter selection rule is improved to increase the sensitivity of the parameter adjustment, and the improved sign function is used to prevent the parameter overmodulation problem. Finally, the proposed strategy is verified to effectively improve the system response speed and antidisturbance ability by comparing it with the traditional strategy on the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform.
A rectal ulcer caused by hydrogel spacer insertion: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yagi Sen , Kawano Moyu , Kawasaki Keitaro , Murakami Takatoshi , Miyaike Jiro , Furukawa Shinya
Published: December 2024

A 75‐year‐old man presented with hematochezia. He had been diagnosed with prostate cancer (stage 1) 1 month previously and had undergone gold marker injection and hydrogel spacer insertion 3 weeks previously to prepare for radiotherapy. Hydrogel spacer insertion is a safe procedure that can prevent the side effects of radiotherapy for prostate cancer. A computed tomography evaluation identified a low‐density area that extended from the prostate to the rectal wall. Magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen revealed the hydrogel spacer between the anterior rectal wall and prostate. A colonoscopy revealed an approximately 2 cm ulcer in the rectum. The patient was diagnosed with a rectal ulcer with bleeding caused by hydrogel spacer insertion. Conservative follow‐up was performed, and his condition improved over time. Radiotherapy for prostate cancer was initiated 4 months after hydrogel spacer insertion. The patient has not experienced any abdominal symptoms such as bloody stools since that time. Because the incidence of prostate cancer is increasing, the number of such cases is likely to increase in the future.
The Influence of Negative Affect and Food Stimuli on Cognitive Flexibility in Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Gil Meital , Latzer Yael , Tziperman Noa , Farbstein Dan , Sher Helene , Weinbach Noam
Published: November 2024

Objective

Inflexible thinking among individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) was proposed to reflect difficulties in set‐shifting. However, studies assessing set‐shifting in AN often find mixed results, especially in adolescent samples. It has been proposed that affective states and exposure to disorder‐salient stimuli may modulate executive functions in AN. The current study examined the influence of induced negative emotion on the ability to shift toward or away from a food categorisation task among adolescents with AN.

Methods

The study included 47 adolescents with AN and 41 healthy adolescents who performed a modified task‐switching paradigm.

Results

No indication of general set‐shifting difficulties among adolescents with AN was found. Nevertheless, the results showed that when negative emotion was induced, adolescents with AN shifted from a non‐food categorisation task to a food categorisation task with greater efficiency compared to a neutral emotion condition. Emotion and switch type did not influence set‐shifting abilities among healthy adolescents.

Conclusion

The findings indicate automatic and more efficient switching towards preoccupation with food among adolescents with AN while experiencing negative emotion. The results emphasise the important role played by situational factors in modulating cognitive abilities in individuals with AN.
A New Interpretable State‐of‐Health Assessment Model for Lithium‐Ion Batteries With Multidimensional Adaptability Optimization
Authors: Zhang Zongjun , Qu Yuanyuan , Liu Yuxi , Li Mengqi , Li Hongyu , He Wei
Published: November 2024

The state‐of‐health (SOH) assessment of lithium‐ion batteries is critical to the development and optimization of maintenance strategies. To ensure the accuracy of the assessment results, it must not only address a variety of uncertainties but also rationalize and transparently conduct the assessment process, as well as make the results interpretable and traceable. These requirements are necessary to ensure that the battery operates safely and steadily. As an interpretable modeling method, belief rule base (BRB) has been widely used in lithium‐ion battery SOH assessment. However, current BRB‐based models face two problems: (1) The initial reference values provided by experts often have limited accuracy due to complex internal chemistry. (2) The multidimensionality of the parameters in the interpretable optimization process and the differences in their properties should be fully considered. Therefore, this paper proposes a new SOH assessment model for lithium‐ion batteries based on an interpretable BRB with multidimensional adaptability optimization (IBRB‐mao). First, an interpretable knowledge and data dual‐driven reference value generation method is proposed to address the issue of imprecise reference values. Expert knowledge is maintained when generating reference values using this method. Second, two interpretable multidimensional constraint strategies are proposed to ensure interpretability in the optimization process. Finally, the NASA lithium‐ion battery data set is taken as a case study to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
ISOA‐DBN: A New Data‐Driven Method for Studying the Operating Characteristics of Air Conditioners
Authors: Zhou Mengran , Zhang Qiqi , Hu Feng , Wang Ling , Zhou Guangyao , Kong Weile , Wu Changzhen , Cui Enhan
Published: November 2024

Air conditioning load is a crucial demand response resource for optimizing energy consumption control, and its accurate analysis provides an essential basis for achieving efficient energy management. We aim at solving the problems of scarcity, single type, low accuracy and difficult construction of high‐quality data sets available for air conditioning operation characteristic models at present. This paper proposes a construction method of air conditioning operation characteristic model based on an improved seagull optimization algorithm to optimize deep belief network (ISOA‐DBN). Firstly, the data set for the study of air conditioning operation characteristics is obtained through experiments. Secondly, the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) and Deep Belief Network (DBN) are used to study the operating characteristics of air conditioning. The results show that the model effect is better when DBN is used to study the operating characteristics of air conditioning, and the coefficient of determination reaches 0.9439. Then, the SOA is improved, and its performance is tested. The results show that ISOA performs better than SOA in the test of 14 standard functions. Finally, the ISOA is used to adjust the DBN parameters finely. The results show that compared with DBN and SOA‐DBN, ISOA‐DBN has a better model effect when used to study the operating characteristics of air conditioners, and the coefficient of determination reaches 0.9534. This can provide strong support for studying air conditioning operating characteristics under different working conditions and has broad application prospects in optimizing energy consumption control.
Physicochemical, Antioxidant Characteristics and Sensory Evaluation of Functional Pro‐Biogenic Ice Cream
Authors: Soodbar Mehri , Mojgani Naheed , Sanjabi Mohammad Reza , Mirdamadi Saeed , Soltani Mostafa
Published: December 2024

Pro‐biogenic is a recent terminology widely used for products that combine biogenic materials and probiotics which has made progressive improvement in a new era of research on functional foods. This study aimed to develop functional ice cream with Bacillus coagulans and propolis extract (PE) as a biogenic part to develop ice cream's physiochemical and antioxidant characteristics. Five probiotic ice cream samples were prepared using different levels of PE powder (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% w/w), and the physicochemical, total phenol content (TPC), antioxidant and sensory properties, and probiotic survival of the samples were examined. The study found that PE levels did not significantly impact fat, protein, carbohydrate, and ash content, overrun, melting rate, and adhesiveness of probiotic ice cream, but increased dry matter, apparent viscosity, and hardness. Adding PE to freeze‐storage samples significantly (p < 0.05) reduced pH and improved TPC and antioxidant activity. The prepared ice cream containing probiotic bacteria and PE extracts, despite their darker and yellower color, were acceptable based on sensory evaluation. Furthermore, the survival of probiotic bacteria in the ice cream, with different levels of PE appeared to be in acceptable limits (107 CFU/g). The findings of the research indicated that the pro‐biogenic ice cream has good functionality and incorporating a PE aside probiotic could improve physiochemical and antioxidant characteristics which can be used as a value‐added ingredient in the formulation of functional pro‐biogenic ice creams.
Hyperscale Data Centers, Regulatory Institutions, and US Economic Growth
Authors: Makholm Jeff D. , Olive Laura T.W. , Beiser Emily A.
Published: November 2024

This is our second in a series of columns on data center problems. Our first column appeared in the November edition of this journal1 — just before the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) held its Technical Conference on “Co‐Located Load” on November 1, 2024.2 In this column, we report on the outcomes of that Technical Conference. We also draw attention to how a split‐decision FERC Order that same day had the effect of erasing $12 Billion in common equity value for nuclear plant owners, both active and shuttered, who hopefully anticipate the co‐location of hyperscale data centers at their sites. These events reinforce the perspective our column brought to bear in November — and which we expand upon here.
Interferon gamma‐mediated prevention of tumor progression in a mouse model of multiple myeloma
Authors: Kellermayer Zoltán , Tahri Sabrin , de Jong Madelon M. E. , Papazian Natalie , Fokkema Cathelijne , Stoetman Elodie C. G. , Hoogenboezem Remco , van Beek Gregory , Sanders Mathijs A. , Boon Louis , Den Hollander Chelsea , Broijl Annemiek , Sonneveld Pieter , Cupedo Tom
Published: December 2024

Malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma patients reside in the bone marrow and continuously interact with local immune cells. Progression and therapy response are influenced by this immune environment, highlighting the need for a detailed understanding of endogenous immune responses to malignant plasma cells. Here we used the 5TGM1 murine transfer model of multiple myeloma to dissect early immune responses to myeloma cells. We modeled stable and progressive disease by transferring 5TGM1 murine myeloma cells into C57Bl/6 mice and KaLwRij mice, respectively. We used flow cytometry and single‐cell and bulk transcriptomic analyses to characterize differential immune responses in stable and progressive disease. Transfer of 5TGM1 cells in C57Bl/6 mice led to stable disease with low tumor burden in a subset of animals. Stable disease was associated with sustained activation and expansion of NK cells, ILC1, and CD8+ T cells, a response that was lost upon disease progression. Single‐cell RNA‐sequencing of immune cells and bulk RNA sequencing of immune and mesenchymal stromal cells implicated the activation of interferon responses as a central immune pathway during stable disease. Experimentally, neutralization of IFNγ significantly increased myeloma development and progression in C57Bl/6 mice, testifying to the importance of this pathway in early disease control. In conclusion, we provide a framework for studying immune responses to multiple myeloma progression in immunocompetent and genetically modifiable mice and highlight the importance of bone marrow immunity in tumor control.
Impact of the peak period of coronavirus disease 2019 on 28‐day mortality, emergency department visits and length of hospital stay of emergency admissions: A single center retrospective observational study in Hong Kong
Authors: Li Rebecca Sin Tung , Law Alex K. K. , Graham Colin A.
Published: December 2024

Background

During the fifth wave of COVID‐19, accident and emergency departments in Hong Kong experienced significant overcrowding yet there was limited evidence available regarding emergency services and patients' clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the 28‐day mortality, emergency department (ED) visits, and length of stay (LOS) between the peak period of COVID‐19 and a control period in 2019.

Method

This was a retrospective case‐control study comparing the peak period of COVID‐19 (7 Feb 2022 to 23 Apr 2022) with a control period (7 Feb 2019 to 23 Apr 2019). Patients' characteristics, ED visits, diagnoses, mortality, and LOS were compared.

Results

35,429 patients were included. The 28‐day in‐hospital mortality was significantly higher in the peak period of COVID‐19 with a risk ratio of 3.91 (95% CI: 3.38–4.53). There was a 36% reduction in ED visits during the peak period of COVID‐19 while there was a 53.7% increase in critical cases at triage. The average LOS of emergency admissions increased from 3.8 days (Median = 2.0; IQR = 1.0–3.0) in the control period to 5.1 days (Median = 2.0; IQR = 1.0–6.0) in the peak period of COVID‐19 especially in the subgroups of chronic kidney disease, influenza and pneumonia, diabetes, and mental disorders.

Conclusion

Increased risk of all‐cause 28‐day in‐hospital deaths was observed during the peak period of COVID‐19 along with a reduction in overall ED visits and lengthened LOS.
Safety and Efficacy of Tinostamustine in a Subpopulation of Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma From a Phase I Trial
Authors: Sureda Anna , Pinto Antonio , Ghesquières Hervé , Morschhauser Franck , Tournilhac Olivier , Mutsaers Pim , Zijlstra Josée M. , De Filippi Rosaria , Hilgier Kasia , Manamley Nick , Janik Tomas , Zinzani Pier Luigi
Published: December 2024

A significant unmet need remains for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) who fail to respond to first‐line treatment or experience an early relapse. Tinostamustine, a novel alkylating deacetylase inhibitor, inhibits tumor cell growth and slows disease progression in models of hematological malignancies and solid tumors. This was a Phase I, multicenter, open‐label, two‐stage trial investigating the safety and efficacy of tinostamustine in patients ≥ 18 years with relapsed/refractory (R/R) hematological malignancies, including HL. Stage 1 involved dose‐escalation to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of tinostamustine, optimal infusion time and recommended Phase II dose (RP2D). Stage 2 confirmed the safety and efficacy of the RP2D in expansion cohorts of selected R/R hematological malignancies. Ten patients with heavily pre‐treated HL entered dose‐escalation, with nine patients experiencing treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) considered to be related to study treatment—primarily hematological toxicities. MTD was 100 mg/m2 tinostamustine over 60 min and signals of efficacy were observed for patients with HL. In Stage 2, all 20 patients with HL experienced ≥ 1 TEAE, which were principally hematological or gastrointestinal. There were no tinostamustine‐related deaths in either stage of the study. Overall response rate in Stage 2 was 37% (2 complete responses, 5 partial responses; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 16%, 62%) and median progression‐free survival 3.8 months (95% CI: 2.2–9.4 months). Tinostamustine is a promising new therapeutic approach for the treatment of patients with R/R classical HL with limited options. This study demonstrates a predictable and manageable safety profile with signals of efficacy.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02576496
Obstetrical Outcomes in Women With a History of Bladder Augmentation
Authors: Susanna Porela‐Tiihonen , Riina Jernman , Seppo Taskinen
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To evaluate possible problems during pregnancy or delivery in women with pediatric bladder augmentation.

Methods

Eleven of 59 women, who had undergone bladder augmentation in our pediatric hospital during 1990–2019, had given birth in our hospital district afterwards and their obstetrical records were evaluated.

Results

Median age at first delivery was 32 years (range 26–42). Six patients had myelomeningocele, two had bladder exstrophy and the remainder had VATER association, epispadias or traumatic paraplegia with vesicovaginal fistula. The patients had altogether 18 children (all singletons). Catheterizations were performed through continent stoma in six cases and through urethra in five cases. None of the patients needed an indwelling catheter before delivery. Antibiotic prophylaxis was initially in use during two pregnancies. Symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) developed for five mothers in 11 pregnancies without prophylaxis and prophylaxis was continued after UTI in these cases. Three of the five mothers with UTI were treated with intravenous antibiotics due to pseudomonas infection (three infections) or pyelonephritis (one).

Two patients with myelomeningocele delivered vaginally (one woman three times and one woman once). In the remaining 14 cases a cesarean section (CS) was performed (two urgent and one emergency CS). A urologist was present in seven CSs. Some difficulties accessing the uterus were reported in seven surgeries. There were 10‐term, three late‐preterm and one very preterm delivery. In four cases the information on gestational age was unavailable. Six newborns had respiratory problems, two had severe asphyxia. One newborn had myelomeningocele like her mother.

Conclusions

Risk for UTIs during pregnancy is high in bladder augmentation patients, hence prophylactic antibiotics are justified. A multidisciplinary team should be involved in the planning of delivery. When indicated for obstetrical or urological reasons, an elective cesarean section with a urologist present may be the most rational option for many, although vaginal delivery is possible in selected patients.
Diagnosing and treating cellulitis in horses
Authors: Braid Helen
Published: November 2024

Background: Cellulitis is a commonly observed condition in horses, which often requires an urgent or emergency veterinary visit. The condition often presents with acute‐onset diffuse limb swelling, heat, pitting oedema and pain on palpation of the affected limb. Lameness is variable but can be severe and the horse may display signs of extreme discomfort, alongside tachycardia, tachypnoea and pyrexia. Risk factors such as blunt trauma, recent wounds, recent surgery or recent injections have been identified, and studies suggest that cellulitis is more common in the hindlimbs than forelimbs.

Aim of the article: This article provides an overview of the physiology of oedema formation and discusses the diagnosis and treatment options available for cases of cellulitis in horses.
Influence of super absorbent hydrophilic polymers on enhancing resources use efficiency and crop productivity in Vertisols
Authors: Pandey Umashanker , Rao Kondapally Venkata Ramana , Rajwade Yogesh Anand , Jat Dilip , Singh Ranjay Kumar
Published: November 2024

Water scarcity is a significant challenge in agriculture, particularly in arid and semiarid regions. Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs), such as hydrogels, have emerged as effective tools for enhancing soil moisture retention and improving crop yield and water productivity in these environments. A two‐year field study was conducted to examine the impacts of hydrogel type and application depth on soil water distribution, water productivity and spinach growth. Two types of hydrogels, polymer‐based (Hydrogel‐1) and small organic molecule‐based (Hydrogel‐2), were applied at three depths—surface (D1), 5 cm (D2) and 10 cm (D3)—in a randomized block design. The results revealed that the water absorption capacity and water salinity of Hydrogel‐1 were negatively correlated, whereas those of Hydrogel‐2 were unaffected by salinity. Compared with that of the control, the soil moisture retention improved with deeper hydrogel application, with the Hydrogel‐1 treatment at 10 cm extending irrigation intervals by 2–4 days. Hydrogel application at greater depths significantly increased spinach growth metrics, including plant height, leaf count, leaf area, root length, SPAD value and yield, resulting in the highest yield (5.7 kg/m2) and water productivity (44.8 kg/m3). The study concludes that applying hydrogels at a depth of 10 cm is optimal for maximizing resource use efficiency and water productivity in spinach grown in vertisols.
Quantification of Empty Lacunae in Tissue Sections of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Using YOLOv8 Artificial Intelligence Model
Authors: Shinohara Issei , Inui Atsuyuki , Murayama Masatoshi , Susuki Yosuke , Gao Qi , Chow Simon Kwoon‐Ho , Mifune Yutaka , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Kuroda Ryosuke , Goodman Stuart B.
Published: December 2024

Histomorphometry is an important technique in the evaluation of non‐traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Quantification of empty lacunae and pyknotic cells on histological images is the most reliable measure of ONFH pathology, yet it is time and manpower consuming. This study focused on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology to tissue image evaluation. The aim of this study is to establish an automated cell counting platform using YOLOv8 as an object detection model on ONFH tissue images and to evaluate and validate its accuracy. From 30 ONFH model rabbits, 270 tissue images were prepared; based on evaluations by three researchers, ground truth labels were created to classify each cell in the image into two classes (osteocytes and empty lacunae) or three classes (osteocytes, pyknotic cells, and empty lacunae). Two and three classes were then annotated on each image. Transfer learning based on annotated data (80% for training and 20% for validation) was performed using YOLOv8n and YOLOv8x with different parameters. To evaluate the detection accuracy of the training model, the mean average precision (mAP (50)) and precision‐recall curve were identified. In addition, the reliability of cell counting by YOLOv8 relative to manual cell counting was evaluated by linear regression analysis using five histological images unused in previous experiments. The mAP (50) for the detection of empty lacunae was 0.868 for the YOLOv8n and 0.883 for the YOLOv8x. The mAP (50) for the three classes was 0.735 for the YOLOv8n model and 0.750 for the YOLOv8x model. The quantification of empty lacunae by automated cell counting obtained in the learning was highly correlated with the manual counting data. The development of an AI‐applied automated cell counting platform will significantly reduce the time and effort of manual cell counting in histological analysis.
FOXD2‐AS1 Binding to MYC Activates EGLN3 to Affect the Malignant Progression of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Zhigang , Liu Bin , Li Xiaoju , Jin Chenghua , Hu Quansen , Zhao Zhiwei , Wang Qian
Published: December 2024

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) FOXD2 adjacent opposite strand RNA 1 (FOXD2‐AS1) show high expression in various cancers with elusive regulatory mechanisms. This study investigated the regulatory mechanism of FOXD2‐AS1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and its influence on ccRCC cell functions, providing novel insights into ccRCC treatment and a theoretical basis for refining prognoses of ccRCC patients.

Through differential analysis and survival analysis, differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) that were significantly linked with the prognosis of ccRCC were initially identified, and lncRNA‐transcription factor‐mRNA triplet was predicted via lncMAP database. RNA immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and dual‐luciferase reporter assays were applied to verify the targeted relationship between MYC, FOXD2‐AS1, and Egl‐9 family hypoxia‐inducible factor 3 (EGLN3). Cell functions in ccRCC were detected by a set of cell functional assays. Mice experiment was utilized for in vivo validation.

We uncovered the elevated FOXD2‐AS1 and EGLN3 expression in ccRCC, as well as the promotion effect of FOXD2‐AS1 on ccRCC cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade via upregulating EGLN3 expression. Our results also suggested that the regulatory influence of FOXD2‐AS1 on EGLN3 was achieved by recruiting MYC to the EGLN3 promoter region. In vitro and in vivo assays both confirmed that the FOXD2‐AS1/MYC/EGLN3 axis could accelerate the progression of ccRCC.

FOXD2‐AS1 activated EGLN3 to accelerate ccRCC cell functions via binding to the transcription factor MYC.
Comparison of localization and release of multivesicular bodies and secretory granules in islet cells: Dysregulation during type‐2 diabetes
Authors: Veerabhadraswamy Priyadarshini , Lata Kiran , Dey Sristi , Belekar Prajakta , Kothegala Lakshmi , Mangala Prasad Vidya , Gandasi Nikhil R.
Published: November 2024

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are vesicles of endosomal origin containing intraluminal vesicles, which upon fusion with plasma membrane, secrete exosomes. They play a significant role in the physiology and pathology of type‐2 diabetes (T2D) due to disrupted intercellular communication. The role of MVBs and their influence on insulin secretory granules (ISGs) of β‐cells or their characterization is yet to be uncovered. In our study, we compared MVBs to largely well‐characterized ISGs in β‐cells. This study compares the density, localization, and exocytosis of CD63+ compartments (CD63+c) with NPY labelled ISGs (NISGs) in β‐cells. For this, tetraspanin CD63 was exploited to majorly label MVBs in β‐cells. These labels preserve the structural integrity of labelled compartments and mostly do not localize with other endo‐lysosomal compartments. This study showed that the β‐cells have a significantly higher density of NISGs than CD63+c. CD63+c and NISGs are spatially localized apart within β‐cells. The proteins that localize with CD63+c are different from the ones that localize with NISGs. Exocytosis of NISGs occurs at the periphery of the β‐cells and takes significantly less time when compared to the release of CD63+c, which is non‐peripheral and takes a longer duration. Mechanistically, the availability of CD63+c for exocytosis was assessed and found that an equilibrium is maintained between docking and undocking states at the plasma membrane. Although there are a high number of short‐term residing, visiting CD63+c at the plasma membrane, the availability of CD63+c for exocytosis is maintained due to docking and undocking states. Further, a significant reduction in the density of NISGs and CD63+c was observed in β‐cells isolated from T2D donors compared to healthy counterparts. Studying the effect of MVBs on insulin secretion in physiological and T2D conditions has huge potential. This study provides a strong basis to open new avenues for such future studies.
Effects of electric fields on the release and content of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Wang Yihua , Worrell Gregory A. , Wang Hai‐Long
Published: November 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane‐bound structures that originate from various cell types and carry molecular cargos to influence the behaviour of recipient cells. The use of EVs as biomarkers for diagnosis and as delivery vehicles for treatment in a wide range of human disease is a rapidly growing field in research and clinical practice. We hypothesized that electric fields (EFs) could influence the release and content of EVs. To examine this hypothesis, we developed a specialized bioreactor enabling cells to thrive in a three‐dimensional setting, replicating in‐vivo conditions amidst programmable EF environments. We established a three‐step EV purification protocol to achieve high‐density production of EVs. We also performed mass spectrometry‐based proteomics analysis on EV‐carrying proteins and used high‐resolution nanoparticle flowcytometry for single‐vesicle analysis. Findings from this report suggest that electrical stimulation, employing physiologically relevant amplitudes typical in therapeutic deep brain stimulation, influences the release of EVs and their cargo content in a frequency‐dependent fashion. This conclusion could carry significant implications for both fundamental biological understanding and medical advancements. First, it raises an intriguing question about how the endogenous electrical activity of neuronal and other cellular assemblies influence the production and composition of EVs. Second, it reveals a novel underlying mechanism of how therapeutic electrical stimulations can modulate EVs and treat human brain disorders. Third, it provides a novel approach to utilize electrical stimulation for generating desired EV cargos in a programmable setting.
カテコラミン製剤のシリンジ交換方法が患者の血圧変動に与える影響：単施設後方視的研究(Influence of catecholamine syringe changeover method on patient’s blood pressure variability: a single–center retrospective study)
Authors: 宥太 新津 , 拓見 土田 , 隆太 佐藤 , 珠奈 新宅 , 幸一 岩佐
Published: November 2024

【目的】本邦ではカテコラミンシリンジ交換法に関するエビデンスが不十分であり，シリンジ交換法も施設や個人により異なる。本研究の目的は，ICU患者におけるカテコラミンシリンジ交換方法が血圧変動に及ぼす影響を明らかにすることである。【対象】2020年4月1日から2022年3月31日までに行ったカテコラミン製剤のシリンジ交換308回（患者数119名）を対象とし，並列交換群とクイック交換群を傾向スコアマッチングを用いて比較した。また，収縮期血圧が90mmHg以下の状態における交換に限定したサブグループ解析と，シリンジ交換時の血圧変動におけるリスク因子を調べるためのロジスティック回帰分析を行った。【結果】傾向スコアマッチングによる解析およびサブグループ解析において，シリンジ交換後15分までの収縮期/拡張期/平均血圧の変動係数や絶対値は両群で有意差がなかった。ロジスティック回帰分析では，年齢がシリンジ交換時の血圧変動に対する唯一の危険因子であり（オッズ比：1.018，95%信頼区間：1.001 – 1.036），シリンジ交換方法は血圧変動に寄与しなかった（オッズ比：1.186，95%信頼区間：0.672 – 2.092）。【結語】カテコラミン製剤のシリンジ交換において，並列交換法とクイック交換法の違いは血圧変動に影響しなかったが，年齢は血圧変動に対するリスク因子と考えられた。
COVID–19罹患後早期に発症したBickerstaff型脳幹脳炎の2症例(Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis developed quickly after COVID–19 infection)
Authors: 大樹 森 , 貴大 山田 , 博 福間 , 彰太 中尾 , 哲也 松岡
Published: November 2024

Bickerstaff型脳幹脳炎（Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis: BBE）は意識障害，眼球運動障害，運動失調を三主徴とし，先行感染を契機に発症する稀な自己免疫疾患である。我々はCOVID–19罹患後早期に発症したBBEを2例経験した。症例1；51歳，男性。発熱4日目に前医を受診しCOVID–19の診断で転院した。入院日より意識障害が遷延し眼球運動障害や運動失調を認めたためステロイド，免疫グロブリンを投与したところ意識状態は改善した。抗GQ1b抗体陽性でBBEと診断した。症例2；28歳，女性。発熱とショックのため搬送され，COVID–19，誤嚥性肺炎の診断で入院となった。意識障害，眼球運動障害，ジスキネジアを認めた。ステロイド，免疫グロブリンの投与と血漿交換を行い意識状態は改善した。頭部MRIで脳幹部錐体路の変性を認めBBEと診断した。2症例ともCOVID–19発症から1週間以内に中枢神経症状が出現しており，感染後早期からBBEを発症することが明らかとなった。COVID–19罹患後早期に中枢神経症状が出現した際は本疾患を想起する必要がある。
A Component of the Septation Initiation Network Complex, SepL, Participates in the Cellobiose‐Responsive Expression of Cellulolytic Enzyme Genes in Aspergillus aculeatus
Authors: Sawada Kazumi , Kikuya Saki , Shiga Yui , Kawaguchi Takashi , Tani Shuji
Published: December 2024

The production of cellulolytic enzymes in Aspergillus aculeatus is regulated at transcriptional levels in response to inducers and various physiological signals. In this study, we identified that a component of the septation initiation network complex, SepL, a putative protein kinase, was involved in the expression of carbohydrate‐active enzyme (CAZyme) encoding genes. The deletion of sepL (ΔsepL) in A. aculeatus resulted in a deficiency in both septation and conidiation and sensitivity to Congo red. These phenotypes of ΔsepL are conserved in Aspergillus. In addition to the conserved function of SepL in Aspergillus, we found that SepL in A. aculeatus was necessary for the inducible expression of the CAZyme genes in response to cellobiose, whereas the inducible expression of these genes in response to 1,4‐β‐mannobiose was significantly reduced but not abolished. Combining the results of the present functional analysis of SepL with previous evidence that the expression of the CAZyme genes, which is responsive to both cellobiose and 1,4‐β‐mannobiose, is regulated by a transcription factor ManR in A. aculeatus, indicates that SepL in A. aculeatus is involved in the selective expression of the cellobiose‐responsive CAZyme genes under the control of ManR.
Multisocietal Consensus on the Use of Cytoreductive Surgery and HIPEC for the Treatment of Diffuse Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma: A GRADE Approach for Evidence Evaluation and Recommendation
Authors: Kusamura Shigeki , Cinquini Michela , Morris David , Piso Pompiliu , Kindler Hedy , Brandl Andreas , Levine Edward , Glehen Olivier , Kepenekian Vahan , Sgarbura Olivia , Sugarbaker Paul H. , Baratti Dario , Marcello Guaglio , Marcello Deraco
Published: November 2024

The Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI) previously issued a recommendation endorsing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for treating diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM). However, broader acceptance of this approach, particularly within some segments of medical oncology, remains limited. To address this, PSOGI initiated a multisociety consensus effort, involving multidisciplinary International Societies, to strengthen and expand the endorsement of CRS‐HIPEC for DMPM. Using the GRADE ADOLOPMENT approach, the expert panel systematically reviewed existing guidelines and evaluated the available evidence to reinforce the recommendation. The panel unanimously recommended CRS‐HIPEC for a carefully selected subset of DMPM patients, emphasizing that this approach offers the best potential for improved survival compared to systemic chemotherapy alone. Despite the very low certainty of evidence, a strong recommendation was issued, reflecting the panel's recognition of the life‐threatening feature of DMPM and the limited efficacy of systemic chemotherapy. This consensus also highlights the importance of centralized and expert‐driven care. The recommendation aligns with previous guidelines and underscores the critical need for broader acceptance of this treatment strategy in managing this rare and aggressive malignancy.
No Difference in Perioperative Outcomes Following Colorectal Cancer Resection Between Flagship and Non‐Flagship Hospitals in New York State
Authors: L'Huillier Joseph C. , Boccardo Joseph D. , Berkebile Miranda , Woodward John M. , Martinolich Jessica L. , Noyes Katia , Nader Nader D. , Gajdos Csaba
Published: November 2024

Background

Hospitals are rapidly consolidating to create large healthcare systems. Whether outcomes following colorectal cancer resection at flagship hospitals differ from those at non‐flagship hospitals is unknown.

Methods

A 6‐year retrospective analysis of an all‐payor New York State (NYS) hospital database was conducted. All adult patients with a colorectal resection for primary resectable colorectal cancer were included. Within each system, the hospital with the most colorectal resections was designated the “flagship” hospital. Thirty‐day outcomes at flagship facilities were compared to affiliated, non‐flagship hospitals following colorectal resection while matching for patient‐level differences.

Results

In total, 28 400 patients were included across 31 healthcare systems in NYS. There were no differences in mortality (0.9% vs. 1.1%), 30‐day readmissions (10.5% vs. 11.9%), or postoperative outcomes between matched patients treated at flagship versus non‐flagship facilities (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

There are no differences in perioperative outcomes between flagship and non‐flagship hospitals in a given system in NYS. Patients with resectable non‐metastatic colorectal cancer may not need to undergo oncologic resection at flagship hospitals to receive high‐quality perioperative care.
Nationwide Survey on Incidence and Management of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis in Japan
Authors: Murono Shigeyuki , Kawase Tomotaka , Matsuzaki Hiroumi , Hasegawa Tomohiro , Kurakami Kazuya , Ueha Rumi , Tadokoro Hiroaki , Kikuchi Yoshikazu , Toh Yasushi , Shiotani Akihiro , Katori Yukio
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To investigate the incidence, laryngeal distribution, management, and postoperative clinical course of patients with newly diagnosed adult‐onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) in Japan.

Methods

An initial brief questionnaire was sent to 782 institutions, including all 101 core and 627 collaborating institutions providing board certification programs accredited by the Japanese Society of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery. A detailed questionnaire regarding patient age, sex, Derkay's score, surgery, and postoperative clinical course was sent to 196 institutions caring for patients with either newly or previously diagnosed RRP.

Results

A total of 186 patients with newly diagnosed adult‐onset RRP from 78 institutions were identified during the present study period (2018–2019), suggesting an annual incidence of 0.20 per 100,000 population in Japan. The true vocal folds were the most frequently affected subsites in the larynx, followed by the false vocal folds, anterior commissure, and laryngeal surface of the epiglottis. The use of cold instruments was the most preferred surgical approach, followed by the carbon dioxide laser and microdebrider. A significant difference in recurrence‐free period after the initial surgery was observed between patients with lesions in a single region and those with lesions in multiple regions (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Here, we estimated the annual incidence of adult‐onset RRP for the first time in Japan. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the largest to identify the laryngeal distribution of lesions, as well as postoperative outcomes after initial surgery in newly diagnosed adult‐onset RRP patients.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2024