bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can an Atheist Know that He Exists? Cogito, Mathematics, and God in Descartes’s Meditations
Authors: Forsman Jan
Published: July 2019

Descartes’s meditator thinks that if she does not know the existence of God, she cannot be fully certain of anything. This statement seems to contradict the cogito, according to which the existence of I is indubitable and therefore certain. Cannot an atheist be certain that he exists? Atheistic knowledge has been discussed almost exclusively in relation to mathematics, and the more interesting question of the atheist’s certainty of his existence has not received the attention it deserves. By examining the question of atheistic knowledge in relation to the cogito, I articulate the advantage Descartes sees in having knowledge of God. I challenge a long-held reading of the cogito where “I exist” is the first full certainty and argue that while atheistic cogito is more certain than atheistic knowledge in mathematics, it cannot be a starting point for lasting and stable science, because science requires knowing the existence of the non-deceiving God.
DeRose on Lotteries
Authors: Baumann Peter
Published: July 2019

This article discusses Keith DeRose’s treatment of the lottery problem in Chapter 5 of his recent The Appearance of Ignorance. I agree with a lot of it but also raise some critical points and questions and make some friendly proposals. I discuss different ways to set up the problem, go into the difference (quite relevant here) between knowing and ending inquiry, propose to distinguish between two different kinds of lotteries, add to the defense of the idea that one can know lottery propositions, give a critical discussion of DeRose’s contextualist solution to the problem, and support his defense against an absurdity objection with additional arguments.
The Disappearance of Ignorance
Authors: McKenna Robin
Published: July 2019

Keith DeRose’s new book The Appearance of Ignorance is a welcome companion volume to his 2009 book The Case for Contextualism. Where latter focused on contextualism as a view in the philosophy of language, the former focuses on how contextualism contributes to our understanding of (and solution to) some perennial epistemological problems, with the skeptical problem being the main focus of six of the seven chapters. DeRose’s view is that a solution to the skeptical problem must do two things. First, it must explain how it is that we can know lots of things, such as that we have hands. Second, it must explain how it can seem that we don’t know these things. In slogan form, DeRose’s argument is that a contextualist semantics for knowledge attributions is needed to account for the “appearance of ignorance”—the appearance that we don’t know that skeptical hypotheses fail to obtain. In my critical discussion, I will argue inter alia that we don’t need a contextualist semantics to account for the appearance of ignorance, and in any case that the “strength” of the appearance of ignorance is unclear, as is the need for a philosophical diagnosis of it.
Evaluating Complex Higher Education Systems
Authors: Coates Hamish , Liu Lu , Shi Jinghuan
Published: July 2019

In this article we introduce the five papers published in this issue of the International Journal of Chinese Education (IJCE). We begin by discussing complexities shaping the analysis of education, then turn to each paper’s nature and contributions. The article concludes by introducing revised IJCE editorial arrangements.
Considerations for Evaluating Academic Units in Complex Universities and University Systems: A Capabilities-Based Approach
Authors: Cantwell Brendan
Published: July 2019

This paper reviews a set of considerations for evaluating academic units in complex universities and higher education systems. Methods of evaluation should match evaluative goals. Assessment should be sensitive to context and recognize the realities of contemporary higher education. Because a one-size-fits-all evaluative regime may be inappropriate, a capabilities-based approach is advanced. The capabilities-based approach focuses on meeting an overall goal of designing higher education systems that meet social demands.
Coṃpendio delas šeḥiṭót (Constantinople ca. 1510): The First Judeo-Spanish Printed Publication
Authors: Cohen Dov , (Rodrigue) Schwarzwald Ora
Published: July 2019

It is commonly accepted that Hilkhot Sheḥiṭa u-Vdika (literally, ‘The Laws of Ritual Slaughter and Examination’—Constantinople ca. 1510) was the first publication ever printed in Judeo-Spanish. Yet scholars possessed no evidence that the work actually existed, and no information was available regarding its contents or language. Recently, however, the first four pages of the publication were discovered among the remnants of the Cairo Genizah. The current study is a preliminary description of this publication’s historical bibliography, halakhic sources, structure and contents, orthography and spelling (which reflect untrained writing and inconsistent pronunciation), and its special vocabulary, including the Hebrew component, which specifically relates to religion.
Muḥammad Ḥusayn Haykal’s Anti-Enlightenment Modernity (1916–1925)
Authors: Casini Lorenzo
Published: July 2019

In public discourse and scholarly literature alike, the notions of “modernity,” “Enlightenment” and “the West” are often associated. This article underscores the problems inherent in these associations by focusing on the Egyptian context of the second and third decades of the twentieth century, and in particular on several nationalist articles published by Muḥammad Ḥusayn Haykal (1888–1956). The article contends that Haykal’s writings contributed to the shaping of a modern worldview, the unifying elements of which are represented by the tenets of the anti-Enlightenment tradition. Reference to this intellectual tradition, which the eminent historian of ideas Zeev Sternhell theorized almost exclusively in relation to European intellectual debates, proves to be a far more accurate approach to Haykal’s ideological orientations than the paradigms traditionally employed in the critical analysis of his writings.
Embarking upon a New Era through an Old Genre: Biographical Essays in Journals of the Nahḍah Period — Ǧurǧī Zaydān and al-Hilāl’s Early Years as Example
Authors: Winckler Barbara
Published: July 2019

Biography is a genre with a long history in Arabic literature. This paper aims at demonstrating how Ǧurǧī Zaydān (1861–1914), one of the most prominent figures of the Nahḍah, adapted biographical writing to the needs of his time. The new medium of the periodical press seemed to be the most adequate means for him to realize his endeavors. The paper points to the central position accorded to biographical essays in al-Hilāl, the journal founded by Zaydān in 1892. Zaydān who saw himself in the role of the ‘educator of society’ pursued a twofold aim: the dissemination of historical knowledge and the presentation of role models. Through an exemplary reading of selected biographical essays published in the early years of al-Hilāl, the paper analyzes the style and structure of the essays and demonstrates how Zaydān selected and grouped the portrayed persons, building up a body of texts to be read as a series of exemplary lives. Focusing on the specifics related to the publishing medium, it examines various forms used by Zaydān to interact with the reader. Whereas, in previous research, much emphasis has been laid on the contents debated in the periodical press, I argue that it is particularly revealing to examine the effects and impact of form and style, of textual strategies and medial practices.
Women’s Fictional Writing and Social Morality: a Reading of Qalb al-raǧul (Man’s Heart, 1904) by Labībah Hāšim
Authors: Paniconi Maria Elena
Published: July 2019

Labībah Hāšim (1880–1947), a Lebanese-born intellectual and writer, moved to Egypt at the very beginning of the twentieth century and took part in the literary life of Cairene circles, frequenting prominent intellectuals such as the lexicographer Ibrāhīm al-Yāziǧī (1847–1906). She is generally quoted as the founder of the periodical Fatāt al-šarq (Eastern Young Woman, 1906), and subsequently of the first Arab periodical in Latin America (Šarq wa-Ġarb, East and West) during her four-year experience in Chile. Her juvenile novel Qalb al-raǧul (Man’s Heart), published in 1904, is set during and after the social events that shook Lebanon in 1860. The story initially is based on the traditional topos of a contrasted, romantic love and then evolves into an original narrative, characterised by the acute observation of social reality. I highlight here how Hāšim’s narrative embodies a formal and substantial shifting from a romantic and pastoral narrative to a more realistic model. In particular, issues as love, friendship and the quest for self-realisation are vividly discussed throughout the novel, through dialogic and realistic scenes from the daily life of the merchant class.
On the Order of the Books in the First Uppsala University Library Building
Authors: Sjökvist Peter
Published: July 2019

Uppsala University Library received several literary spoils of war that had been taken by Swedish armies from Jesuit colleges and other Catholic institutions in the seventeenth century. This article argues that the first university library building in Uppsala, which was built in two floors, kept good and useful literature on the upper floor, where the books were arranged according to faculties, and literature of less use on the lower, where the books were arranged according to a system similar to those in Jesuit libraries. In Lutheran Uppsala, most Catholic literature was therefore located in the lower library. In previous research on this library, its structure has not been fully acknowledged. Hence, several misleading conclusions have been drawn.
The effect of simulated sheep grazing on male and female reproductive performance in Caragana microphylla Lam. (Leguminosae)
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Wang Lichao , Liu Jing , Dong Zhaorong , Xu Wei , Wang Shiping
Published: July 2019

Understanding the reproductive response of host plants to herbivores is important in grazing ecology and grassland management. Simulated grazing experiments were conducted to determine the influence of different grazing intensities on reproductive performance of a shrub, Caragana microphylla Lam. The total leaf mass, total flower mass, total flower mass allocation, and single flower mass allocation decreased with increased grazing intensity. The total spine mass, single flower mass and total spine mass allocation increased with increased grazing intensity. The stem mass, stem mass allocation and total leaf mass allocation had not significant change with the increasing grazing intensity. Under heavy grazing treatments, the host plants significantly decreased their investment in reproduction and increased investment in physical defense organs. Although there were no significant differences in the number of ovules among different grazing intensities, herbivory negatively affected reproductive performance, including the number of flowers, the number of pollen grains per flower, the number of ripe seeds and the rate of pod-set in host plants. These results indicate that there are trade-offs among vegetative and reproductive and defensive organs. Compared with male reproduction, female reproductive performance was less sensitive to herbivory and grazing intensity. Moreover, pollen grains from heavily browsed plants seemed to be less likely to sire pods and ripe seeds than those from unbrowsed plants, indicating that herbivory not only decreased pollen production, but also adversely affected pollen performance.
The Great Sinner, the Harlot and the Eternal Book: The Genre of the Romance as Plot and Textual Motif in Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment in Comparison with Hawthorne’s Scarlet Letter
Authors: Horváth Géza S.
Published: July 2019

The paper analyzes the various parallels of plot and text in Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punisment (1866) and Hawthorne’s Scarlet Letter (1850). Similarity of motifs in these novels has already been noticed in the critical literature but more detailed research is still lacking. In this paper, it is claimed that Hawthorne’s novel provided Dostoevsky not only with the material for certain narrative situations, motifs and characters in Crime and Punishment but also influenced the heterogeneity and complexity of the genre in Dostoevsky’s novel. To illuminate this relationship of the two novels, the article examines the characteristics of the genre of romance, the eschatological plot of revelation and the apocalyptic imagery proper to the romance. The study is focused on the common metaphorical basis of the two texts, such as the biblical and mythical semantics of the motifs of New Jerusalem, pearl, treasure etc., which circumscribes the transformation process in the correspondence of tresaure and word, letter and text.
Waste of Space or Room for Place?
Authors: Marie Wilson Leah
Published: July 2019

This article explores how young people today engage with physical space and how it can best be utilized within ministry to youth. Sociological research has suggested a movement away from thought on physical space and its impact on creating a place for young people to be rooted in community. Through visual research conducted on a current youth ministry, it was discovered that physical spaces directly impact youth and their ability to belong to a faith-based community. It was also discovered that of the two youth ministries analyzed in this study – one in the US and one in the UK – there was the practice of attempting to create a third place for youth to congregate. From the visual research conclusions, this article argues for the importance of creating a place for youth and how this can be achieved in multi-functional spaces, specifically through the utilization of music.
Social Ethos and Political Mission. University on the Margins
Authors: Sørensen Asger
Published: July 2019

The idea of the university is habitually discussed in relation to German or English language classics. Instead, I will focus on the Spanish language periphery arguing that the discussions there merit attention for distinguishing between three central Old World models of the university, namely, apart from the English and the German, also a French one. Moreover, the marginal perspective stresses the social and political importance of the university. In this perspective, José Ortega y Gasset deserves attention for arguing for a university in the service of a modern republican state. Ortega stresses the importance of a cultural formation that includes the sciences to make enlightened decisions, the distinction between teaching a discipline and doing research within it, and that between a scientist doing research and a highly educated professional practitioner. Unfortunately, the role of knowledge and truth is neglected. The argument from the periphery is therefore necessary albeit not sufficient.
The Preverbal Negation Particle esə in Kalmyk: Historical Development and Typological Context of Negators in Subordinate Clause
Authors: Baranova Vlada
Published: July 2019

The goal of this paper is a comprehensive description of the negation particle esǝ, which is the single preverbal indicative negator in Kalmyk, whereas other negation markers are placed after the verb. The particle esǝ is mainly used in subordinate clauses. Judging from corpus data, it also occurs with a small number of finite forms in emphatic contexts such as rhetorical questions. This paper provides an explanation for both of these facts based on historical and typological considerations. More specifically, it will examine the results of the development of the negation system on a synchronic level, focusing on spoken data and corpora. It will also contribute to a broader understanding of negation in subordinate clause. A typological overview of sources for different markers in dependent clause shows that the Kalmyk case is uncommon cross-linguistically. An additional factor that plays a role here is the dichotomy finiteness vs. non-finiteness/nominalization.
The authorship and date of five generic nomina of Squamata and Amphibia published by Cuvier (1816, 1829), with recourse to and comments on twenty Articles of the Code

Authors: FRÉTEY THIERRY , DUBOIS ALAIN
Published: July 2019

In the scientific literature, the availability, authorship, date and onomatophore of the four generic nomina of lizards "Platydactyles", "Hemidactyles", "Thecadactyles" and "Ptyodactyles" published by Cuvier (1816) and of the genus nomen of toads "Otilophes" published by Cuvier (1829) as French scientific nomina in the plural, and of their latinised forms, are credited to various authors. After a careful analysis, these nomina are here attributed respectively to Goldfuss (1820) for Platydactylus, Hemidactylus, Thecadactylus and Ptyodactylus, to Wagler (1830) for Otilophus and to Tschudi (1838) for Osilophus. Solutions are proposed to various other nomenclatural problems related to these and related nomina. Attention is drawn again to the fact that the Code’s Rules concerning specific epithets and generic substantives being ‘unmodified vernacular words’, as well as those distinguishing ‘unjustified emendations’ from ‘incorrect subsequent spellings’ are deficient. In order to solve all these nomenclatural cases, we had to resort to 20 Articles of the Code (3.2, 11.2, 11.3, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 21.2, 21.3, 23.9, 24.2, 30.2, 32.5, 33.2, 33.3, 35.4, 40.2, 50.1, 57.3, 67.8 and 68.3) and to 59 technical nomenclatural terms. This highlights the fact that nomenclatural problems concerning old nomina cannot be properly dealt with in a hurry and without a good, but also critical, knowledge of the Code, and that the use of a more detailed terminology than that of the Code facilitates such a work.
A new replacement name for Vitta Burt, 1938 (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Dilepididae)

Authors: SAŁAMATIN RUSŁAN
Published: July 2019

The generic name Vitta has been proposed at least three times for different organisms within the Animal Kingdom. Klein (1753: 19) erected the mollusc genus Vitta (Gastropoda, Neritopsina, Neritiliidae). This name was used by Mörch (1852: 166) in his Catalogus conchyliorum as a nomen nudum, then as a valid name by Adams & Adams (1854: 382–383). Later, a new rhizopod genus Vitta was erected by Folin (1884–1887: 183). Finally, Burt (1938: 21) proposed the name Vitta for a new cestode genus.
A new synonymy in the genus Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with comments on potential homonymy

Authors: SHERWOOD DANNIELLA , GABRIEL RAY , LONGHORN STUART J.
Published: July 2019

Montenegro et al. (2018) reported the theraphosid spider genus Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 from Chile and described a new species of this genus with distinctive red and black colouration, naming it Homoeomma chilensis Montenegro & Aguilera, 2018. Soon after, Sherwood et al. (2018) described Homoeomma bicolor also from Chile having the same colouration. In this work, we demonstrate these nominal species to be synonymous and H. chilensis is regarded as the valid senior synonym of H. bicolor following the Article 23 of the Code (Anonymous 1999).
World checklist of Moltkia (Boraginaceae) with notes on types
Authors: RANJBAR MASSOUD , KHALVATI SINA
Published: July 2019

An updated checklist of the genus Moltkia is presented and seven taxa (six species and one subspecies) are recognized from the entire world. In this checklist, the effective place of publication of the accepted names, formal taxonomic status, nomenclature, homotypic and non-homotypic synonyms are identified and verified. Lectotypes are here designated for five names. An identification key, illustrations and a distribution map for Moltkia species are provided.
Additions to the genus Savoryella (Savoryellaceae), with the asexual morphs Savoryella nypae comb. nov. and S. sarushimana sp. nov.
Authors: ZHANG SHENG-NAN , ABDEL-WAHAB MOHAMED A. , JONES E.B. GARETH , HYDE KEVIN D. , LIU JIAN-KUI (JACK)
Published: July 2019

Two asexual trichocladium-like species were recorded from coastlines in Japan and Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis of multi-gene sequence data placed them in Savoryella (Savoryellaceae), grouping with an unidentified strain isolated from submerged wood in a saline environment, but distinct from other Savoryella species. In this paper, we propose a new combination as Savoryella nypae based on Trichocladium nypae and a new species Savoryella sarushimana. Savoryella sarushimana differs from S. nypae in having larger conidial dimensions, with a rough to spiny surface and the proliferation of conidia. Detail morphological features coupled with sporulation in culture of the new taxa are illustrated. Notes on the phylogenetic placement of the discussed taxa and emendation of the genus Savoryella are provided.
Morphological variation and the relationship with host leaves in the epiphyllous liverwort Cololejeunea chenii Tixier (Marchantiophyta: Lejeuneaceae)
Authors: TU SHU-WEN , DAI ZUN , TANG XIA , TANG LU-YAN , PENG TAO , LI WEI , ZHU RUI-LIANG , WANG JIAN
Published: July 2019

Cololejeunea (Spruce 1884: 291) Stephani (1891: 208), with over 400 published binominals, is the largest genus of Lejeuneaceae Cavers (1910: 291) and the most species of the genus are distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions (Zhu & So 2001, Yu et al. 2013). These usually small sized liverworts grow preferably in extreme habitats, such as on the surface of living leaves, on twigs, or in running water (Gradstein et al. 2003). The currently accepted generic concept of the genus is based on its incubous foliation, leaves consisting of a dorsal lobe and a ventral lobule, Lejeunea-type branching, lack of underleaves, and transverse section of stem comprising of 5(–8) cortical cells and 1 medullary cell (Yu et al. 2013, and references therein).
On Recent species of Tonnacypris Diebel & Pietrzeniuk, 1975 (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with new species descriptions from Mongolia
Authors: VAN DER MEEREN THIJS , KHAND YONDON , MARTENS KOEN
Published: July 2019

The ostracod species Tonnacypris estonica (Järvekülg, 1960), T. tonnensis (Diebel & Pietrzeniuk, 1975), T. edlundi n. sp. and T. mazepovae n. sp. are here reported from Mongolia. Redescriptions of females of T. glacialis (Sars, 1890) and males of T. lutaria (Koch, 1838) are included. The revised generic diagnosis maintains the main character of the anteroventral peg on the calcified part of the inner lamella of the left valve, but this character has a significant level of morphological variability between species of this genus. This is also true for several characters of soft parts, which results in a broader concept for the genus. Different ecological strategies and reproductive modes are present. New records also change the evolutionary and zoogeographical scenario of the genus.
A new species of Bent-toed Gecko (Squamata, Gekkonidae, Cyrtodactylus) from the Shan Plateau in eastern Myanmar (Burma)
Authors: GRISMER L. LEE , WOOD PERRY L. JR. , QUAH EVAN S. H. , THURA MYINT KYAW , OAKS JAMIE R. , LIN AUNG
Published: July 2019

An integrative taxonomic analysis of the Cyrtodactylus linnwayensis group of the Shan Plateau recovered two new populations from isolated karst habitats near Pinlaung Town, Shan State as a new species, C. pinlaungensis sp. nov. Cyrtodactylus pinlaungensis sp. nov. is most closely related to a clade comprising C. linnwayensis and C. ywanganensis from the western edge of the Shan Plateau approximately 90 km to the northwest. Cyrtodactylus pinlaungensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all members of the C. linnwayensis group by a number of statistically different morphological characters, discrete color pattern differences, and its heavy tuberculation. It also bears an uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence of 5.0–7.6% from all other species combined based on the mitochondrial gene ND2 and its flanking tRNAs. The discovery of this new species on the Shan Plateau continues to underscore the fact that this region is rapidly emerging as a herpetological diversity hot-spot for Myanmar.
First record and one new species of Cerconychia Klapálek, 1913 (Plecoptera: Styloperlidae) from Shaanxi Province of the Northwest China
Authors: MO RAORAO , YAO GANG , WANG GUOQUAN , LI WEIHAI
Published: July 2019

The family Styloperlidae is reported from Shaanxi Province of northwestern China for the first time with the description of a new species of the genus Cerconychia, C. trilobata sp. nov. The relationships based on morphological characteristics of the new species and related species are discussed.
Three morphologically and genetically confirmed new Pleurota species from Morocco (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Oecophoridae: Pleurotinae)
Authors: TABELL JUKKA , MUTANEN MARKO , SIHVONEN PASI
Published: July 2019

Three new Pleurota species (Oecophoridae: Pleurotinae) from Morocco, which form a species complex, are described: P. variocolor Tabell, sp. nov., P. azrouensis Tabell, sp. nov., and P. ternaria Tabell, sp. nov. Species are diagnosable by wing pattern and they have distinct genetic divergences in DNA barcodes, while genitalia structures are uniform and less informative. DNA barcodes of the new species are compared with those of all other Pleurotinae available in BOLD database. Each of the newly described species has a unique BIN (Barcode Index Number). Adult males and females, and their genitalia, are illustrated. Life histories of new species are unknown, but two of those were collected during daytime.
New record of Thor hainanensis Xu & Li, 2014 and taxonomical remarks on Lysmata ternatensis de Man, 1902 (Decapoda: Thoridae & Lysmatidae) from the Lakshadweep Islands, India
Authors: MADHAVAN MANU , PURUSHOTHAMAN P. , AKASH S. , BHARATHI S. , JOSE SHEENA , DHINAKARAN A. , RAVI CHARAN , KUMAR T.T. AJITH  , LAL K. K.
Published: July 2019

The present study reports the new record of Thor hainanensis Xu & Li, 2014, on the basis of material from Agatti Islands in the Lakshadweep, India. This species was recently described from Hainan Island, China. Relationship of this species to two closely related species (T. paschalis and T. amboinensis) is discussed in this manuscript. Similarly, the present study also reports the rediscovery of other species, Lysmata ternatensis De Man, 1902 from the Lakshadweep waters with detailed taxonomic description. The present specimens were found to occur in the intertidal region in small crevices and rocks at a depth of 0.5-2.0 m. Genetic analysis using the mitochondrial COI sequences for both the species reveals close agreement for the morphological identification and showed the significant variation from the closely related species.
A review of the generic end-user adoption of e-government services
Authors: Jacob Deden Witarsyah , Fudzee Mohd Farhan Md , Salamat Mohamad Aizi , Herawan Tutut
Published: July 2019

E-government projects provide many advantages and offer benefits to governments and their citizens. Hence, the big issue and challenge for governments are how they can increase citizen adoption. This has resulted in the development of many e-government initiatives that aim to enhance the provision of public services to citizens and improve associations with industry and world business. It is shown that there are critical success factors and barriers in e-government adoption, and technology adoption more generally, which identifies the fact that current e-government adoption models do not adequately explain the needs of citizens. Based on the diagrammatic of a detailed structure of review methodology, existing studies show that national culture, trust, the information system success model, and knowledge services are very crucial issues for citizens regarding new system application in the successful uptake of e-government services. Therefore, this article presents a review of the generic end-user adoption of e-government services based on a theoretical perspective and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use Technology model. Furthermore, this article presents a conceptual model as a better foundation for the development of e-government. The findings of this article will contribute to the limited e-government adoption literature available by providing insights into end users’ perceptions of e-government services.
A retrospective of LGBT issues on US college campuses: 1990–2020
Authors: Rankin Susan , Garvey Jason C , Duran Antonio
Published: July 2019

In this brief retrospective of LGBT issues on US College Campuses: 1990–2020, the authors first review the extensive changes in the language used to ‘define’ people within these communities. Given the fluid and evolving language used in sexual and gender minority communities, it is crucial to examine how community members are named and who is centered as a result of this naming. The authors use the terms queer-spectrum and trans-spectrum to honor how individuals choose to identify themselves as opposed to placing them into socially constructed, fixed categories of sexuality and gender. Next, they explore how the climate has changed in higher education to support queer-spectrum and trans-spectrum students. Finally, the authors examine the research on how queer-spectrum and trans-spectrum students experience their campuses and the climate’s influence on specific outcomes. This retrospective contends that higher education scholars must continue to examine outcomes that will facilitate success for queer- and trans-spectrum student populations.
Sustainability without Subsidy: Public Case for Vertically Integrated Rail Oligopolies for Freight
Authors: Allen John G. , Newmark Gregory L.
Published: July 2019

Maintaining rail freight networks without subsidy is an important transportation policy concern. Today’s vertically integrated rail oligopolies (VIROs) in the United States, Canada, and Mexico have enabled rail freight to be commercially self-sustaining. A combination of favorable geography involving a choice of railroads for most longer hauls and commercial freedom for railroads to set prices without prior regulatory approval have helped create a situation in which North American freight railroads are self-sustaining without government subsidies. This research examines the development of VIROs in the United States, Canada, and Mexico today. A largely hands-off policy, combined with a willingness to allow railroads to accumulate enough money to maintain their physical plants to high standards, have led to today’s major freight railroad duopolies in the eastern and western United States, Canada, and Mexico. Despite some complaints from shipper interests, today’s VIROs are largely stable (with the possible exception of broader policy changes in Mexico). Lawmakers and regulators should ensure that any future mergers do not adversely affect the performance of what has thus far been a largely satisfactory model.
GTFS-Ride: Unifying Standard for Fixed-Route Ridership Data
Authors: Carleton Phillip , Hoover Sylvan , Fields Ben , Barnes Matthew , Porter J. David
Published: July 2019

The rapid growth in the availability and utility of vast amounts of digital data is arguably one of the most significant technological developments in recent years. In public transit, many agencies utilize modern technologies to collect large amounts of data, whereas smaller agencies with fewer resources and less expertise still use more traditional, manual data collection methods. Regardless of their technological capabilities, transit agencies recognize that some amount of transit data is useful and required. To the best of our knowledge, no standard data description of detailed fixed-route ridership exists today in the United States, forcing transit agencies to develop their own system of collecting, storing, and analyzing ridership and related data. In response to this need, this research aimed at developing one of the first public transit ridership data standards for fixed-route services and to support and promote its adoption and use. The resulting standard, an extension to the General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data standard, is referred to as GTFS-ride. GTFS-ride is easy to understand, able to accommodate the complexities of larger transit agencies, and capable of establishing a strong connection to the state of a transit network as it existed when the ridership data was collected. The first complete draft of GTFS-ride was released on September 6, 2017. This paper explains the structure of the five files that compose GTFS-ride, introduces additional support elements developed to facilitate its promotion and adoption, and documents the lessons learned from pilot implementations of GTFS-ride at three Oregon public transit agencies.
Numerical investigation of the full-cone spray structure and characteristics provided by a jet-swirl atomizer
Authors: Hassani Mohammad Amin , Elkaie Abbas , Shafaee Maziar
Published: July 2019

Jet-swirl atomizers are one of the pressure-swirl atomizers that produce full-cone spray. Although many hollow-cone pressure-swirl sprays have been studied, characteristic investigation of pressure-swirl full-cone sprays are limited to a few experimental, analytical, and numerical works where each of them investigate some of the main spray parameters. The few existing numerical studies are limited to calculate the coefficient of discharge and spray cone angle. Current numerical study investigate a newly developed jet-swirl atomizer with pressure-swirl full-cone spray, which considers other important full-cone spray characteristics including Sauter mean diameter, D10, and spray tip penetration along with the spray structure. In this study, a full-cone spray based on a newly developed jet-swirl injector is numerically simulated and analyzed using sprayFoam solver in the OpenFOAM 4.1 software. The existing code of the solver is developed and its dictionary is modified. The C+ + Sauter mean diameter and D10 codes on the cross-sectional surface are developed and this feature is added to the sprayFoam solver. The pre-published experimental and current work numerical results were in good agreement. In the simulation process, blob sheet model is used for the spray primary breakup. Two models including Taylor analogy breakup and Reitz–Diwakar have been used for the secondary breakup of the developed jet-swirl atomizer. This work shows that the results of the Reitz–Diwakar model are close to that of the Taylor analogy breakup model. The time-varying results of Sauter mean diameter, D10, and spray tip penetration are found to be in good agreement in both models. The results show that the Reitz–Diwakar model is stabilized somewhat later than the Taylor analogy breakup model. The simulated spray structure shows that the density of droplets is higher in the spray center region and this density is gradually reduced through the radial direction. The results along the radius show that the diameter of the droplets becomes larger while moving away from the center of the spray.
Pleasure and the Sanctuary Paradox: Experiences of girls and women playing soccer
Authors: Pielichaty Hanya
Published: July 2019

Arguably, girls’ and women’s soccer in England is currently experiencing amelioration in terms of participation numbers, media coverage and general public interest. Although, lurking behind these favorable statistics and the pretence of new developmental strategies sits soccer’s cultural millstone, weighing down social progression and limiting the credibility afforded to the game. This paper seeks to unearth how girls and women negotiate their experiences of playing against this backdrop of inferiority by giving them a ‘voice’. The study is explored through a lens of ‘performative pleasure’ as a theoretical standpoint for understanding the basis of activity which involved qualitative methods enagaging with 57 female players aged between 8 and 31 years. The examination uncovered that despite barriers to participation and the management of social stereotyping, girls and women found pleasure through playing. Soccer provided the players with a ‘safe space’ to experience leisure, but ironically this refuge was often needed in response to soccer-based teasing and ‘banter’: conceptualized as the Sanctuary Paradox. The current findings have implications for the management and execution of cultural change within sporting environments.
The Unique Contribution of Attachment Theory in Understanding the Role of Nonoffending Fathers in the Care of Children Who Have Been Sexually Abused: A Historical Lens
Authors: Crocetto Johanna
Published: July 2019

Changing gender roles and caretaking roles in the family have resulted in increased father involvement in the day-to-day care of their children. As a result, there is a need to better understand the nature of father–child relationships within the context of multiple circumstances. One specific example is the role of nonoffending fathers in the care of children after child sexual abuse disclosure. This article first reviews how the attachment theory has evolved to include fathers and then reviews the unique contribution of paternal attachment to the care of child victims of sexual abuse. Implications for practice include enhanced engagement and intervention strategies that incorporate fathers effectively in services, better utilizing fathers as allies in the care of their children.
A Flexible Supply Chain Management Game
Authors: Shovityakool Patra , Jittam Piyachat , Sriwattanarothai Namkang , Laosinchai Parames
Published: July 2019

Background. Educational games are widely used in business classes in general, and supply chain management (SCM) classes in particular. These games are designed to familiarize students with the real business world. Most SCM games are ready-made, with pre-set learning objectives focusing on a certain module in a supply chain.

Intervention. This article presents the new spreadsheet-based Flexible Supply Chain Management Game (FSCMG) and the findings of its pilot study. FSCMG’s features are transparent to instructors and students alike. It is easily modifiable to suit an instructor’s learning objectives.

Method. Six groups of undergraduate students took turns playing three modules, namely a wholesaler, manufacturer, and supplier. There were two groups per module to represent two supply chains. The students’ spreadsheets are analyzed and presented.

Results. Students’ spreadsheets revealed that they were able to employ SCM conceptual understanding in FSCMG, particularly pricing strategy, inventory management, forecasting, and the relationships within a supply chain.

Conclusion. FSCGM helped the students apply their in-class knowledge in a real-world situation and be well prepared for their future careers where an extensive understanding is required.
Factors Relating to Caregivers’ Preference for Advance Care Planning of Patients in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shaku Fumio , Tsutsumi Madoka , Nakamura Asumi , Takagi Hiroshi , Otsuka Takahiro , Maruoka Shuichiro
Published: July 2019

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to examine the preferences of home caregivers on patient advance care planning (ACP), including life-sustaining treatment (LST) and the factors relating to these preferences.

Background:

Personalized ACP aims to respect the autonomy and choices of terminally ill patients regarding end-of-life care. However, there have been cases wherein doctors must instead discuss ACP with surrogates (including caregivers) for various reasons such as dementia, intractable neurologic diseases, and cerebrovascular accident.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, self-written questionnaires (filled by individuals themselves) were distributed to 506 in-home caregivers in 6 Japanese prefectures; the questionnaires contained items on caregiver and patient demographics, number of people living together in a caregiver’s home (aside from patients), care duration, comprehension level of doctors’ explanations regarding their patient’s condition, patient diseases, whether caregivers have or have not told patients about their disease, level of nursing care, and caregiver LST preference (preferred or not preferred). The questionnaire package also contained the Burden Index of Caregiver-11, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Short Form-8 Health Survey.

Results:

Valid responses were obtained from 309 caregivers. More than half of them were not sure of their patient’s LST preference. Sex, number of people living together in a care home, comprehension level of doctors’ explanations, and care duration were found to be the significant factors relating to caregivers’ LST preference ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

Health providers should be cognizant of the background factors relating to caregiver ACP preference when deciding on LST for terminal patients.
Minimally Invasive Retrograde Method of Harvesting the Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Goss David A. , Halverson Adam , Philbin Terrence M. , Bull Patrick E.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Use of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon is well described for several tendon augmentation procedures. Harvesting the FHL through an open medial approach is commonly done, but is associated with anatomic risks. Recently, several authors have described a minimally invasive (MI) technique to harvest the FHL tendon utilizing a hamstring tendon stripper commonly used in ACL reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of harvesting the FHL tendon using this novel minimally invasive retrograde approach.

Methods:

The FHL tendon was harvested through a transverse plantar incision over the interphalangeal joint of the great toe in 10 fresh-frozen cadaver lower extremities. A lateral-based incision for peroneal tendon repair was made and the FHL was retrieved. Tendon length, complications, and interconnections between the FHL and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) were recorded and classified. The specimens were then dissected by a single surgeon in a standardized fashion, and damage to any surrounding structures was recorded.

Results:

The average length of the FHL tendon from the distal stump to the first intertendinous connection was 13.3 cm (range 8.8-16 cm, SD 2.3 cm). Eight cadavers demonstrated Plaass type 1 interconnections whereas 2 demonstrated type 3. There was no injury to the medial and lateral plantar arteries and nerves, plantar plate, or FDL tendons. One FHL tendon was amputated at the level of the sustentaculum during graft harvest. No injury of the medial neurovascular structures occurred with retrieval of the FHL tendon through the lateral incision.

Conclusions:

We found that care must be taken when approaching the sustentaculum with the tendon harvester in order to avoid amputation of the graft against a hard bony endpoint. Additionally, flexion and extension of the lesser toes could aid in successful tendon harvest when tendon interconnections were encountered.

Clinical Relevance:

Using this MI technique appears to be a safe and effective way to obtain a long FHL tendon graft for tissue augmentation.
Three Paradoxes of Climate Truth for the Anthropocene Social Scientist
Authors: Jennings P. Devereaux , Hoffman Andrew J.
Published: July 2019

Climate change has been one of the most contested truths for the past two decades. Many social scientists within the academy and this volume have spent years discerning the nature of this truth and articulating its importance for business, organizations, and society. Yet these same scholars face a triple paradox in their work on this important issue. In this essay, we examine those paradoxes—(1) The Paradox of Eliminating the Main Driver, (2) The Paradox of Objectivity and Passion, and (3) The Paradox of Double Irrelevance—and how they are amplified by two institutional factors—the construction of climate truth and its translation in relational fields. We revisit not only how the three paradoxes affect the Anthropocene social scientist as an individual, but, in light of the paradoxes and the two amplifying institutional factors, how she or he might rebalance these tensions by pushing back on each while embracing paradox in personal choices.
Acute angle-closure glaucoma with choroidal effusion revealing a hantavirus infection: Description of ultrasound biomicroscopy imagery and optical coherence tomography Visante
Authors: Baillieul Alexandre , Le Tich Ludovic , Rouland Jean-François
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

To report a case of bilateral angle-closure associated with systemic hantavirus infection.

Materials and methods:

A 32-year-old Caucasian man was referred with blurred vision, fever, cough, dyspnea and thrombocytopenia. Ophthalmologic examination revealed myopic shift, elevated intraocular pressure (30 mmHg right eye and 24 mmHg left eye), corneal edema, iridocorneal angle closure and shallow anterior chamber. Ciliochoroidal effusion was detected on anterior segment optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Serologic test and polymerase chain reaction confirmed the diagnosis of hantavirus infection and the serotype Puumala. On the sixth day after he started topical anti-glaucoma and cycloplegic medications, the anterior chamber and iridocorneal angles were normalized with disappearance of ciliochoroidal effusion.

Conclusion:

Puumala hantavirus infection is an exceptional cause of acute bilateral angle-closure combined with ciliochoroidal effusion.
Impact of increased injector nozzle hole diameters on engine performance, exhaust particle distribution and methane and formaldehyde emissions during dimethyl ether operation
Authors: Zubel Marius , Lehrheuer Bastian , Pischinger Stefan
Published: July 2019

E-Fuels can play a significant role in decarbonizing the transport sector. Among the potential E-fuels, dimethyl ether is a promising candidate for the combustion in compression ignition engines. Together with methanol, it can be produced from synthesis gas in a combined single-step process. However, due to the low volumetric heating value of dimethyl ether, the fuel injection system has to be modified to realize higher fuel flow rates. In this study, two injectors with increased nozzle hole diameters have been investigated, and their impact on engine performance, particle number distribution and formaldehyde as well as methane emissions was assessed. It was found that with dimethyl ether as fuel, the indicated efficiency at high load could be increased by over 1% compared to operation with conventional diesel fuel. The main reason for this is lower wall heat loss. Furthermore, almost no particle emission was found during dimethyl ether operation with the smaller nozzle. With the larger nozzle hole diameter, increased particle concentrations were measured at high loads. But these were still much lower compared to the corresponding diesel fuel combustion. Regarding formaldehyde and methane, higher emissions were found for the dimethyl ether combustion compared to diesel fuel combustion. It is assumed that this is due to the increased formaldehyde and methane production of dimethyl ether during high temperature pyrolysis and oxidation. The increased hydrocarbon emissions could have been caused by fuel dripping from the nozzle after the end of the injection event.