bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behind the scenes: Uncovering the downsides of skill and simulation laboratories
Authors: Shetti Akshaya N
Published: July 2024

Skill and simulation laboratories have become integral components of modern medical education, offering hands-on training experiences in a controlled environment. While these labs are lauded for their potential to enhance learning and improve patient safety, they are not without their limitations and drawbacks. One of the primary challenges of skill and simulation labs lies in the fidelity of simulation models. While technological advancements have enabled the creation of highly realistic simulators, they often fall short in replicating the complexities and nuances of real-world clinical scenarios. This discrepancy can lead to a false sense of proficiency among learners, who may struggle to translate their skills effectively to clinical practice. Additionally, the cost involved in maintaining high-fidelity simulators and equipment poses a financial burden on educational institutions, limiting access and scalability. Another disadvantage of skill and simulation labs is the potential for simulation bias. Learners may approach simulated scenarios differently from real patient encounters, leading to skewed learning outcomes and overestimation of abilities. Moreover, the standardized nature of simulations may not adequately prepare students for the variability and unpredictability inherent in clinical practice, where factors such as patient diversity, comorbidities, and environmental stressors play significant roles. This review article highlights the disadvantages related to the skill and simulation lab.
Classroom versus screen: An analysis of learning environments and experiences in the digital age
Authors: Rai P Shruthi
Published: July 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of medical education, the shift from traditional classrooms to digital screens has gained significant attention, particularly accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This review examines the comparative effectiveness and perceptions of traditional versus digital learning environments in medical education. The findings highlight the benefits of digital learning, including cost savings and accessibility, while recognizing the value of face-to-face interactions for social and communication skills development. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews indicate a positive impact of flipped classrooms on student learning outcomes, underscoring the importance of pre-class preparation and interactive sessions. Additionally, digital tools such as virtual reality enhance the understanding of complex concepts, though challenges like digital inequality persist. By integrating early clinical experiences and active learning strategies, a balanced educational approach can be achieved, leveraging the strengths of both traditional and digital methods to improve student engagement and learning outcomes.
AI Chat GPT technologies in health sciences: A study with mathematical statistic correlation and probabilistic mission induction
Authors: Raju Venkateshwarla Rama
Published: July 2024

The purpose is to study the effect and influence of Chat GPT application in education technology on health sciences post graduates (PGs) task-initiation, applying the “cross-sectional” model through scholars and PG`s. The study observes the connections and relationships, i.e., correlations among the frequency-of Chat GPT interface plus pace of starting Academic-educational errands, using a normalized/systematized uniform (homogenous) scaling to errand induction next to lately built scaling to measure Chat GPT use. Using probability—statistical models bi variate correlation plus analysis-of-variance (ANOVA), such that it will detect patterns (signatures) of errand start amongst `non-users` and `end-users` of diverse versions of Chat GPT. Our findings show that the big depressing/off-putting correlation (=-0.511, p<0.01 statistically not significant) among Chat GPT use plus chore-initiation, signaling that fueled application of Chat GPT might be linked through of-late/delayed issue-start. Remarkably, non-native-users formed the top-bias to induce brief induction (M = 3.215) than Chat GPT end-users. Likewise, variants within chore start activities were studied amongst the end-users-of two versions-of Chat GPT, through the V4version-users showing new helpful errand induction results. Our results feature the nuanced-effect of Chat GPT over Academic-educationalists’ deeds, implying that whilst Chat GPT might function as valued Academic-utility-tools, its use might impact accepted-conventional errand induction behavioral-conducts. These intuitions stress the requirement for the weighed method for making amendments and to incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) utility-tools within the Academic-educational locational-settings, as their latent to vary PGs and research scholars errand behaviors and conducts plus self-control.
Perception of the use of an e-lab platform for university students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Daaif Jabran , Tridane Abdessamad , Wafiq Mohamed El , Tridane Malika , Belaaouad Said
Published: July 2024

Developing electronic platforms during education disruptions, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, had become crucial to addressing educational gaps. Research has shown technology's significant contribution to improving teaching and learning methods in labs, whether theoretical or experimental. This study creates an e-laboratory platform for managing university-level physics-chemistry practical work. The aim is to measure the platform's impact on students' experimental learning and identify integration and usage constraints. Our methodology was both quantitative and qualitative, conducted in a public institution. Two hundred forty students from two departments completed the questionnaire, and 25 teachers participated in semi-structured interviews. Findings revealed that e-laboratory simulations facilitated comparing theoretical solutions with actual lab practices and achieved goals in terms of communication pace, pre-lab content exchange (video conferences), post-lab experiment records, and evaluation sessions providing feedback for student progress tracking. However, insufficient computer equipment, technical problems during experiment setup, and momentary video conference issues hindered effective communication. This study guides researchers in enhancing adult education program efficiency. Considering online learning's adaptability and cost-effectiveness, improving learning effectiveness can justify continued use of online teaching beyond the pandemic by universities. Hence, electronic laboratories and the exploration of their integration transcend the realm of university scholars; they stand as a reservoir of potentiality for the perpetual advancement of professionals across diverse domains, affording a continuum of erudition throughout one's lifetime.
Exploring Taiwanese university students’ self-regulatory processes, perceived stress, and academic coping
Authors: Shih Shu-Shen , Tu Wei-Li
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the roles of self-regulatory processes and perceived academic stress in the academic coping of Taiwanese university students, as well as the relationships of these variables to academic resilience and anxiety. Additionally, this study explored the moderating influence of self-criticism on the connections between mindfulness and academic coping. A total of 535 Taiwanese undergraduate students completed an online survey assessing the variables described above. The collected data were analyzed using regression techniques. The results showed that self-compassion abilities were identified as essential factors associated with engagement coping and academic resilience. There is also a link between students' engagement coping and academic resilience. Moderation analyses suggested that the adaptive effects of mindfulness on academic coping were only shown for students low in self-criticism. The findings from this study provide empirical support for the conceptual model of adaptive stress and coping processes.
Evaluating students’ willingness to use digital technologies
Authors: Oyetade Kayode , Harmse Anneke , Zuva Tranos
Published: July 2024

The prevalence of digital technologies in education has fundamentally reshaped the learning landscape. Despite acknowledging their positive impact, limited studies exist in understanding the factors influencing students' engagement and its effect on teaching and learning outcomes. To address this gap, the study evaluates students' willingness to use digital technologies by utilizing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework to analyze the determinants that shape students' usage patterns of digital technologies. A quantitative research approach included surveying 222 university students who were actively engaged with digital technologies. Data analysis comprised mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation calculations, with appropriate reliability and validity values established based on the obtained data. Correlation analysis validates the proposed model's hypothesis, revealing a statistically significant yet weak relationship between performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and students' willingness to use digital technologies. Conversely, social influence and facilitating conditions exhibit a moderately positive and statistically significant correlation with students' willingness to adopt digital technologies. These findings indicate factors that influence and have a positive relationship with students' willingness to use digital technologies, providing insights into effective ways for integrating and maximizing educational technologies in today's increasingly digital learning environment.
The effects of voice blogging on upper secondary students’ L2 Kazakh speaking performance
Authors: Oraz Aidana , Malikov Kuanyshbek , Abenova Gulmira , Sametova Zhanakul , Almautova Assiya
Published: July 2024

This investigation aimed to examine the impact of a 12-week voice blogging course on L2 Kazakh speaking performance among Russian-speaking upper secondary school students in Kazakhstan. The participants (n = 84) were randomly allocated to an experimental group engaged in weekly voice recording and posting via WhatsApp outside of class time and a control group that received the same regular classroom instruction but without extracurricular speaking practice. The oral performance of both groups was assessed in terms of complexity, fluency, and accuracy indices before and after the intervention. A questionnaire was administered to the experimental group to elicit their perceptions of the audio blogging course. The learners in the experimental group demonstrated higher complexity and fluency in their post-test narrations than the control group. However, no significant effect was found on the accuracy of speech. The participants reported a positive attitude toward the completed course and expressed willingness to recommend voice blogging to others. These findings suggest that audio blogging can be an effective and engaging method to enhance L2 speaking skills, but it may require additional support and feedback to address accuracy issues. The findings advocate the promise of voice blogging as a helpful approach for enhancing L2 oral skills.
The role of parent’s commitment in preventing drug abuse: Evidence from high-risk areas of Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Siti Salina , Saat Nor Hayati , Mustapa Khuzaimah , Sanusi Nur Azura
Published: July 2024

Youth drug usage is caused by insufficient parental support. Lack of dedication, decreased communication and poor family connection describe inadequate family support. In addition to parental support, self-efficacy, employer support and community support have been shown to promote addiction and relapse. Substance addiction among youth is alarming and could harm the next generation if not handled. Thus, family and parents strongly impact teenage drug usage. Drug dependence prevention begins with parents. Parents affect their children by offering advice, setting explicit drug use restrictions and emphasizing good communication skills as part of their commitment. Thus, this study aims to determine the significance of family participation particularly parental involvement in reducing juvenile substance addiction in Malaysia. We use Hirshi's social bond theory to link a parent's willingness to participate in a drug prevention programme to their social bonding which includes their attachment, devotion and academic involvement. Additionally, proportionate sampling was used for stratified sampling. Two criteria were used to choose participants: parents with children aged 13–18 and drug-free families. The survey has 515 respondents, 103 per state: Kelantan, Kedah, Kuala Lumpur/Selangor, Johor and Sabah. NADA lists it in high-risk states. Study results indicate that attachment (ATT) and participation (INV) do not affect interest (INT). The study also found that commitment (COM) affects interest (INT). Additionally, the commitment (COM) f² value has a minor impact on interest (INT), an endogenous variable. Agencies must collaborate and exchange resources to promote drug awareness and a drug-free family culture.
Assessing post-traumatic stress disorder among healthcare workers in COVID-19 hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Le Cong Minh , Nguyen Tuong Van , Cao Lieu Xuan , Nguyen Vu Hoang Anh
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, a worldwide health emergency has had extensive effects not just on the economy but also on mental well-being specifically among healthcare professionals. This study focuses on examining the extent and symptoms of post-traumatic stress as well as the causes associated with it, the techniques employed to respond and the effectiveness of coping mechanisms among healthcare professionals who are providing care to COVID-19 patients in certain hospitals located in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. This research used a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative research techniques. This included documentary analysis, surveys, mathematical and statistical analysis and in-depth interviews. The sample consisted of 638 healthcare workers aged between 21 and 63 working at Cho Ray Hospital and the COVID-19 Resuscitation Unit. The results suggest that a majority of healthcare professionals display indications of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ranging from occasional mild episodes occurring once a month to more severe occurrences exceeding 17 times per month. The research findings indicate that coping techniques show high individualization. While certain healthcare professionals may exhibit "normal" levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), effectively managing stress through rest, relaxation and personal time, others with varying degrees of PTSD necessitate professional therapeutic assistance to mitigate the risk of self-harm. This study highlights the pressing necessity for the provision of focused mental health assistance to healthcare personnel in light of the current epidemic.
Brazilian cooperatives and the 2030 Agenda
Authors: Barden Júlia Elisabete , Sindelar Fernanda Cristina Wiebusch , Cyrne Carlos Cândido da Silva , Bersch Gabriel Arthur
Published: July 2024

This study aims to analyze the initiatives taken during the Cooperation Day («C Day»), of Brazilian cooperatives and their contributions to the fulfillment of the 2030 Agenda. To this end, actions developed by Brazilian cooperatives in reference to the C Day related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), made available by the National Cooperative Learning Service (SESCOOP), were analyzed. Activities performed during the 2017 to 2020 period were analyzed. Results show the contributions of Brazilian cooperatives to the fulfillment of the SDGs. under analysis increased over time, although it is possible to observe disparities in the execution of the program in regional terms, in terms of the branches of activities involved, the impacted SDGs, and the dimensions met (economic, social, environmental or institutional).
Recibido: 29 agosto 2023 Aceptado: 26 junio 2024
Los principios cooperativos, su relatividad y su discutido valor como fuentes del derecho
Authors: Vargas Vasserot Carlos
Published: July 2024

El trabajo trata del origen y evolución de los siete principios cooperativos de la Alianza Cooperativa Internacional y de su valor o no como fuente del Derecho nacional, retomando la clásica discusión del valor jurídico que realmente tienen. Para comprobar si estos principios vinculan a los legisladores, si les sirven como simples guías o si han quedado en un mero decálogo de buenas intenciones sin gran valor jurídico, se realiza una investigación del especifico reflejo normativo que ha tenido cada uno de ellos en el Derecho positivo. Respecto al Derecho español, se analiza cómo la legislación de cooperativas histórica y la actual han recepcionado los distintos principios cooperativos y como su reconocimiento varía mucho entre unas leyes autonómicas y otras. También se analiza el diferente tratamiento legal que han tenido los principios cooperativos en distintos ordenamientos de Derecho comparado, que da como resultado una gran falta de homogeneidad de sus regulaciones que demuestra la relatividad temporal y espacial de estos principios.
Recibido: 20 noviembre 2023 Aceptado: 04 julio 2024
Therapeutic approaches to language skills in major neurodegenerative disorders: a literature review
Authors: Karalı Fenise Selin , Tosun Samet , Çınar Nilgün
Published: July 2024

Major Neurodegenerative Disorders (MNDs) impact a large number of individuals globally. Individuals with neurodegenerative diseases have a significant problem due to the gradual development of communication difficulties. This is a review article to address the latest ways to manage and help individuals with language problems because of neurological diseases like Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and primary progressive aphasia (PPA). In the beginning we'll discuss the diseases, and then we'll be discussing how to treat them. The therapies used for Alzheimer's disease and PPA have been subject to extensive research. Therefore, the techniques follow a more structured way. However, there is a limited number of research in MCI and the strategies used in MCI mostly concentrate on enhancing the communication abilities of patients and their caregivers. There is a need for more research to increase approaches for speech and language therapy, as there is limited research on intervention in Turkish patients with MCI, PPA and Alzheimer's disease. It is critical to have evidence-based practice in MNDs, and more research is required to understand the effectiveness of speech and language therapy.
Analysis of small-scale farmers’ indigenous knowledge of bambara groundnut - a case of Syringavale, Zimbabwe
Authors: Maphosa Yvonne ,   Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Jideani Victoria ,   Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Published: July 2024

Bambara groundnut (BGN), a legume in the Fabaceae family, is typically cultivated on a small scale by female subsistence farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite being the largest exporter of BGN in southern Africa, Zimbabwe considers BGN a supplementary crop. Although components of BGN have been previously studied, this study involved active participation from local farmers, leading to a more community-driven understanding of perceptions and practices surrounding this legume. This study was conducted in the Syringavale community in Marula, situated in the Matabeleland South province of Zimbabwe and consisted of fifty Black African respondents [females (86%) and males (14%)]. The primary aim was to collect indigenous information on consumer perceptions, agricultural and processing practices, cultural beliefs and superstitions, and the overall significance of BGN in the community. Simple random sampling was used to select fifty households, from a list of sixty BGN-cultivating households, in the study area, followed by judgmental sampling to choose one respondent per selected household. Then after, a mixed-methods approach was applied, with structured questionnaire administered first, followed by in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was employed to systematically identify and categorise themes, sub-themes and patterns within qualitative responses. Bambara groundnut was cultivated at household level, mostly by married women over the age of 40 and held dietary, agricultural, medicinal and traditional significance. Different components of the BGN crop, such as the seeds, leaves, flowers, roots and pods were reported to serve as food, fodder, medicine, maturity indicators and compost. Boiling, soaking, roasting, baking, cracking and frying were the cooking methods used in the community, with boiling being the most common method used by 100% of respondents. Respondents (100%) showed a preference for the mature green seed over the dry seed due to the significant time and energy consumption associated with cooking the latter. Some respondents (52%) sold their BGN produce in the open market, at home, to wholesalers, as well as in petty batter. Urbanisation, heavy rains and cultural beliefs were cited as major hindrances to BGN production. The prioritisation of BGN in terms of land allocation was recommended considering its nutritional and economic value as well as its potential contribution to the alleviation of poverty and malnutrition. Key words: Bambara groundnut, subsistence farming, legumes, poverty alleviation, small scale farmers
Contribution of school lunch programme to intake of micronutrients among preschool children in semi arid areas of Kilifi County, Kenya
Authors: Mungai BO ,   Technical University of Mombasa, Makokha A , Kyallo F , Onyango A ,   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology,   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology,   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology
Published: July 2024

Undernutrition adversely affects the cognitive and physical development of preschool children especially in arid and semi-arid areas, with far reaching effects up to adulthood. School feeding programmes are perceived as safety measures to improve children’s health. The study assessed the contribution of school lunch feeding programmes in improving the micronutrients intake of preschool children in Kilifi County, Kenya. This quasi experimental study involved 288 children from ten Early Childhood Education Development (ECED) centers and their parents/ guardians. Five of the centers had a government sponsored school lunch programme (Lunch programme group) and the other five centers had no lunch programme (Non programme group). Data collected included types of food, frequency and quantity consumed by the children using 24 hours’ recall method and Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS). The micronutrients intake was assessed through Recommended Dietary Adequacy (RDA) using NutriSurvey 2007 Program and 2009 WHO guidelines. The SPSS version 24 and SAS version 9.4 statistical software were used in data management and analysis. Inferential statistics including Chi-square, correlation and regression were used to evaluate the contribution of the feeding programme to the micronutrient intake. The threshold for statistical significance for all analysis was set at p<0.05. The results indicated a low intake of micronutrients with only 12% meeting RDA for zinc in the feeding programme and 2% for those not in the programme. For iron, 30% of those in the programme met the RDA and 16% for those not in the programme. All the children met the RDA for iodine, vitamin A and C but none met the RDA for calcium. The study suggests diversification and supply consistency of school feeding foods to boost the micronutrient intake. The community needs to be empowered in areas of nutrition education, income generation and food production to be able to cater for the children’s nutritional needs and prevent micronutrient deficiency. Key words: Dietary diversity, Micronutrient deficiency, preschoolers, recommended dietary adequacy
The growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood profile of broilers fed on yellow maize stored in polypropylene and zerofly® hermetic bags
Authors: Opoku B ,   Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Osekre EA , Adomako K , Amoah KO , Opit GP , Bosomtwe A ,   Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology,   Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology,   CSIR-Animal Research Institute,   Oklahoma State University,   Oklahoma State University
Published: July 2024

This experiment was conducted to determine the growth performance, blood profile and carcass characteristics of broilers fed yellow maize stored in Polypropylene (PP) and ZeroFly® Hermetic (ZFH) storage bags for six months. Two hundred unsexed day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 2 treatments (2 storage bags) with 100 chicks per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design experiment. Each treatment had four replications with 25 birds per replicate. The experimental diets were formulated using the same quantities of maize stored in the PP and ZFH bags. The study was in three phases, that is, starter, grower and finisher phases and each had 22%, 20% and 18% crude protein (CP), respectively. The experiment lasted for six weeks. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Statistical analyses were performed with SAS Version 9.4. Effects of storage bags were assessed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference test was used as an option in the Mixed Procedure to determine differences between means (p < 0.05). Broilers on the ZFH bag dietary treatment recorded significantly (p = 0.035) higher weight gain in grams (2395.11 ± 32.15), than their counterparts on the PP treatment (1980.30 ± 82.19). The feed conversion ratio, measured as feed: gain ratio, was better (p = 0.041) for the ZFH birds (1.74 ± 0.03) than the PP birds (2.24 ± 0.19). Birds fed the ZFH diet had higher (p < 0.05) dressing percentage (74.05 ± 0.24), percentage whole thigh (14.45 ± 0.10) and percentage drumstick (9.22 ± 0.16) than their PP counterparts. All the blood profile parameters measured were similar except total cholesterol and aspartate aminotransferase in which birds on the ZFH maize recorded higher values (p < 0.05). It was concluded that maize stored in ZeroFly® hermetic storage bags could be fed to broilers for better feed efficiency and carcass yield. Key words: Deltamethrin, grain storage technique, mycotoxin contamination, post-harvest loss
Bilateral agricultural aid to Ghana and Uganda: donor practices under different institutional quality
Authors: Lee Hyejin ,   Konkuk University in Seoul
Published: July 2024

Agriculture has been the backbone of African economies, and agricultural development has the potential to drive overall economic growth. Considering the importance of agriculture in Africa, foreign aid donors have supported the sector to help push economic growth and reduce poverty. Studies indicate governance quality of a recipient country is an important factor for agricultural aid. Building upon this, the paper explores how bilateral donors provided agricultural aid to two African countries that have different institutional quality, Ghana and Uganda. The analysis of agricultural aid in those two countries was carried out with bilateral aid-profile data from 2011 to 2022. Despite the similar economic importance of agriculture in Ghana and Uganda, donors to Ghana invested the largest amount in agriculture among aid sectors, followed by health. On the other hand, donors to Uganda supported mainly health-relevant sectors with agriculture being ranked only fifth. Donors in both countries implemented agricultural aid mostly as project types. Yet, donors disbursed their aid funds through different aid channels. Donors to Ghana disbursed 48% of agricultural aid funds through the public sector institutions channel (or the state channel). By contrast, donors to Uganda disbursed only 24% of agricultural aid funds through the state channel, essentially bypassing Ugandan public agencies. They instead provided 76% of agricultural aid through the non-state channels such as non-governmental organizations, multilateral organizations, and private entities. Similar donor preferences of the aid disbursement channels were observed with total aid across all aid sectors. Overall, the donor aid profiles suggested donors provided Ghana with more flexible agricultural aid, while in Uganda they controlled agricultural aid more tightly. There could exist multiple underlying reasons for this, but the different level of institutional quality is highly likely one of the possible reasons. For foreign aid, governance quality is an important issue equally to both donors and recipients. Key words: Africa, agriculture, aid channel, bilateral aid, foreign aid, Ghana, governance, Uganda
The impact of globalization on economic growth: insights from sub-Saharan Africa (1971-2019)
Authors: Wondim A ,   Injibara University, Chang C-L
Published: July 2024

As globalization continues to shape the global economic landscape, understanding its intricate relationship with economic growth remains paramount in regions like sub-Saharan Africa. Hence, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of globalization's impact on economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa from 1971 to 2019. Using panel data from reputable databases on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), World Development Indicators, Penn World Table 10.0, and Our World Data, the paper explores various dimensions of globalization, including economic, social, and political factors. The feasible generalized least square (FGLS) estimation technique was used to analyze data. Findings reveal nuanced dynamics, with social and financial globalization indices showing positive effects on economic growth and statistically significant at 1% significance level. Additionally, this study uncovers the influence of demographic indicators, government consumption, and the rule of law on economic growth. The result of the study revealed demographic indicators, government consumption, and the rule of law had statistically significant impacts on the economic growth of sub-Sahara Africa. In contrast, certain aspects of economic globalization exhibit negative impacts. However, political, trade, information, and cultural globalization had no significant impact on economic growth of the region. It is important to recognize that the absence of significant effects does not necessarily imply an absence of impact, but rather reflects the multifaceted nature of globalization's influence on economic growth. Several factors, including differences in the periods analyzed, may account for the differences in these results compared to previous studies. This study not only adds to the existing literature on globalization and economic growth but also offers valuable insights for policymakers tasked with promoting sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa. By acknowledging the complexities of globalization's impact, policy makers can formulate more effective strategies to harness its benefits while mitigating its potential drawbacks. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of globalization's role in economic development, laying the foundation for evidence-based policy interventions tailored to the unique challenges and opportunities facing sub-Saharan Africa. Key words: Social globalization, financial globalization, government consumption, economic growth
The deterioration of current account balance in selected countries of MENA: Causes of concern
Authors: Badwan Nemer , Al-Qubbaj Ihab
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the macroeconomic factors that influence the current account balance deterioration in the selected Middle East and North Africa MENA countries (Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Palestine, and Lebanon). Data from six MENA countries were analyzed using a panel-static approach. This study employs the Breusch-Pagan Lagrangian multiplier test, the pooled ordinary least squares model (OLS), and the random effect model (REM). The findings reveal that exchange rate (ER), interest rate (IR), and term of trade (ToT) are the main factors that influence the deterioration of the current account balance. The money supply (MS) and oil prices (OP) had negligible correlations with the current account balance. The study's findings suggest significant practical implications for policymakers and regulators in MENA countries. Given the significant influence of exchange rate (ER), interest rate (IR), and term of trade (ToT) on the current account balance, we recommend that the authorities in MENA countries implement policy reforms and macroeconomic adjustments to mitigate the current account balance deterioration. A deterioration in the current account balance began in 2018, sparking concerns in most MENA countries. The problem in the current account has led to various disadvantages in MENA countries, which will harm the economic health of the countries.
The time-varying impact of US monetary policy spillovers on small open economies: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Danladi Saba Ndayezhin , Sanusi Aliyu Rafindadi
Published: July 2024

This study examines the impact of the US monetary policy spillover on Indonesia’s macroeconomic and financial variables using quarterly data for the period 2000–2020 for both domestic and US variables.  The study uses a Bayesian form of a time-varying parameter (TVP) vector autoregressive (VAR) model with stochastic volatility to look at how real GDP, inflation, the exchange rate, the stock market return, and the monetary policy rate react to a shock in US monetary policy. We find that US monetary policy spillovers, on average, boost Indonesia’s real GDP, stock market returns, and bilateral exchange rate vis a vis the US Dollar but also trigger domestic inflation beyond what Indonesia’s policy reaction could counteract.  However, there are significant differences between the variables' responses to easing and tightening shocks, on the one hand, and conventional vs. unconventional monetary policy, on the other. Finally, we found substantial time variation corresponding to major global events, including the Global Financial Crisis and implementation of unconventional monetary policy, the taper tantrum of 2013–2014, and the severe lockdown in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019–2020. These findings underscore the importance for policymakers in Indonesia to closely monitor and anticipate the impact of US monetary policy spillovers on domestic macroeconomic variables. This knowledge can inform more effective policy responses and risk management strategies to safeguard economic stability and promote sustainable growth.
Drivers and barriers to financial inclusion: New insights from Muslim countries
Authors: Akasumbawa Muhammad Dedat Dingkoroci , Haryono Slamet , Chairunnisa
Published: July 2024

Purpose – This study examines the factors driving and barriers to financial inclusion in Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries.Methodology – This study employs panel data analysis using fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methods. The sample consists of OIC countries from 2011 to 2021.Findings – According to the FMOLS model, remittances, bank stability, and government debt are key drivers of long-term financial inclusion, while inflation, trade openness, and economic development act as barriers. Bank competition does not significantly impact financial inclusion. In the DOLS model, remittances and bank stability remain significant drivers, with inflation and economic growth acting as barriers. However, in the long term, financial inclusion is not significantly influenced by government debt or competition.Implications – This study offers insights for financial institutions and governments. Financial institutions should improve their access to low-income groups and small businesses. Governments should promote financial inclusion and stability through sound macroeconomic policy. Policymakers can use these findings to focus on key factors for a sustainable economy.Originality – This study fills a gap by exploring the factors affecting financial inclusion in OIC countries, a less-studied topic. It also uses additional indicators to measure the financial inclusion index, leading to more comprehensive results.
Метод обобщенных и объединенных расчетных сеток для восстановления параметров неоднородностей тела по результатам измерений электромагнитного поля
Authors: Lapich Andrey O , Medvedik Mikhail Yur'evich
Published: July 2024

Представлен метод нахождения неоднородностей внутри тела, расположенного в свободном пространстве, по результатам измерения электромагнитного поля за его пределами. Данная задача актуальна, например, в дефектоскопии и медицинской диагностике. Предполагается использование неинвазивного подхода, который означает применение методов или процедур, не требующих проникновения или вмешательств внутрь исследуемого объекта для измерения параметров неоднородностей. Постановка задачи на электродинамическом уровне строгости описывается уравнениями Максвелла со всеми необходимыми условиями. Система уравнений Максвелла сводится к объемному сингулярному уравнению на теле. Используя полученное интегральное уравнение, производится моделирование значений поля за пределами тела в точках наблюдения. Вместо реального эксперимента в данной работе построена математическая модель физического процесса. Для нахождения неоднородностей применена двухшаговая процедура решения задачи, при которой обратная нелинейная задача заменена на решение линейного интегрального уравнения и формулу пересчета. Процедура хорошо показала себя при вычислении небольшого числа неоднородностей, не превышающих 1000 значений. Для определения большего числа неоднородностей используется решение задачи на объединенных и обобщенных расчетных сетках, что дает возможность вычислять неоднородности на расчетных сетках больших размеров, содержащих 10000 и более элементов. Предложенный подход позволяет качественнее описывать рассматриваемые физические явления.
Влияние границ потока при испытаниях затупленного тела на околозвуковых режимах
Authors: Glazkov Sergey Aleksandrovich , Ershov Aleksandr Alekseevich , Semenov Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Mikhailov Maksim Viktorovich
Published: July 2024

Представлены результаты численного моделирования обтекания околозвуковым потоком затупленного тела при нулевом угле атаки в рабочей части с проницаемыми стенками аэродинамической (АДТ) трубы Т-128 (Россия, ЦАГИ). Расчеты выполнены с помощью пакета программ EWT-128 ЦАГИ, в котором на стенках рабочей части используется граничное условие типа Дарси. Коэффициент проницаемости в нем зависит от направления течения газа через проницаемую поверхность. Приводится сравнение расчетных и экспериментальных коэффициентов сопротивления модели, а также распределений изоэнтропического числа Маха на модели и на перфорированных стенках рабочей части АДТ. Предложен способ определения поправки к числу Маха набегающего потока для устранения влияния стенок рабочей части в аэродинамическом эксперименте (для такого типа моделей). Коэффициенты сопротивления, полученные в результате расчетов в условия АДТ, корректируются на влияние границ потока и сравниваются с данными безграничного обтекания. Расчетные поправки используются для коррекции экспериментальных данных.
Численные эксперименты с совместной моделью атмосфера-океан ПЛАВ-NEMO
Authors: Fadeev Rostislav Yur'evich , Belyaev Konstantin Pavlovich , Kuleshov Andrey Aleksandrovich , Resnyanskii Yurii Dmitrievich , Smirnov Il'ya Nikolaevich , Strukov Boris Sergeevitch , Zelenko Aleksandr Andreevich
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты численных экспериментов, выполненных с помощью совместной модели атмосферы, океана и морского льда, включающей полулагранжеву модель динамики атмосферы ПЛАВ и модель циркуляции океана с морским
льдом NEMO-SI3 (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean). Объединение моделей выполнено с помощью программного пакета OASIS3-MCT. Проанализирована пространственно-временная изменчивость характеристик океана на его поверхности и в толще воды.
Численное определение эффективного коэффициента теплопроводности гидратосодержащих образцов горных пород по данным синхротронной микротомографии
Authors: Fokin Mikhail Igorevich , Markov Sergei Igorevich , Shtan'ko Ekaterina Igorevna
Published: July 2024

Предложена методика численного определения эффективного коэффициента теплопроводности гидратосодержащих образцов горных пород по данным синхротронной микротомографии. Выполнено построение трeхфазной цифровой трeхмерной модели образцов с использованием методов машинного обучения с последующим усреднением теплопроводности смешанных фаз и применением численного моделирования процесса теплопроводности. В отличие от существующих аналогов предложенный подход базируется на применении континуальных моделей, что позволяет получить более корректные результаты, чем при использовании феноменологических. Переход от данных микротомографии к цифровой модели осуществляется алгоритмом, принимающим на вход стек сегментированных изображений и генерирующим дискретную сеточную модель с разделением на фазы, которые присутствуют в образцах. Для дискретизации математической модели процесса теплопроводности предложена модификация вычислительной схемы многомасштабного разрывного метода Галeркина. Для вычисления эффективного коэффициента теплопроводности разработан и реализован алгоритм численной гомогенизации на базе закона Фурье. Показана зависимость эффективного коэффициента теплопроводности от объeмной доли компонентов гидратосодержащих образцов. Обнаружено хорошее совпадение результатов численного моделирования с опубликованными экспериментальными, теоретическими и численными оценками при гидратонасыщении более 15% и расхождение при гидратонасыщении менее 15% для некоторых оценок.
Peran Ukuran Perusahaan sebagai Variabel Moderasi dari Profitabilitas dan Leverage terhadap Pengungkapan Sustainability Report
Authors: . Radian Rachmadi Purnomo , I Gusti Ketut Agung Ulupui  , Muhammad Yusuf
Published: July 2024

This study aims to analyse the effect of profitability and leverage on sustainability report disclosure with company size as a moderating variable. Infrastructure sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020-2023 are used as research objects with secondary data in the form of annual reports and sustainability reports. There are 20 companies selected based on purposive sampling technique with a total of 74 unbalanced observation data. This research was processed using panel data regression and moderation regression in the E-views 13 application with the selected model, namely the random effect model. The results of this study indicate that profitability has no effect on sustainability report disclosure. While leverage has a positive effect on sustainability report disclosure. Firm size does not moderate either profitability or leverage on sustainability report disclosure.
Slope Osteotomies in the Setting of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency
Authors: Kayaalp Mahmut Enes , Winkler Philipp , Zsidai Balint , Lucidi Gian Andrea , Runer Armin , Lott Ariana , Hughes Jonathan D. , Musahl Volker
Published: July 2024

➤ Posterior tibial slope (PTS) of ≥12° represents an important risk factor for both anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and ACL reconstruction failure.

➤ PTS measurements can significantly differ on the basis of the imaging modality and the measurement technique used. PTS should be measured on strictly lateral radiographs, with a recommended proximal tibial length of 15 cm in the image. The PTS measurement can be made by placing 2 circles to define the proximal tibial axis, 1 just below the tibial tubercle and another 10 cm below it. PTS measurements are underestimated when made on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography.

➤ Slope-reducing osteotomies can be performed using a (1) supratuberosity, (2) tubercle-reflecting transtuberosity, or (3) infratuberosity method. The correction target remains a topic of debate. Although it is controversial, some authors recommend overcorrecting the tibial slope slightly to a range of 4° to 6°. For instance, if the initial slope is 12°, a correction of 6° to 8° should be performed, given the target tibial slope of 4° to 6°.

➤ Clinical outcomes following slope-reducing osteotomies have been favorable. However, potential complications, limited data with regard to the impact of slope-reducing osteotomies on osteoarthritis, and uncertainty with regard to the effects on the patellofemoral joint are notable concerns.

➤ Patients with complex deformities may need biplanar osteotomies to comprehensively address the condition.
Multiple mutations in polyketide synthase led to disruption of Psittacofulvin production across diverse parrot species
Authors: Abdu Uri , Roy Shatadru Ghosh , Brejcha Jindřich , Maršík Petr , Bakhrat Anna , Abdu Moty , Arbore Roberto , Araújo Pedro , Afonso Sandra , Carneiro Miguel , Grossman-Haham Iris
Published: July 2024

Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are crucial multidomain enzymes in diverse natural product biosynthesis. Parrots use a type I PKS to produce a unique pigment called psittacofulvin in their feathers. In domesticated budgerigars and lovebirds, the same amino acid substitution (R644W) within malonyl/acetyltransferase (MAT) domain of this enzyme has been shown to cause the blue phenotype with no psittacofulvin pigmentation, proposing a strong evolutionary constraint mechanism. Here, we identified six new causal variants in PKS associated with defective psittacofulvin production in four diverse species, including three nonsense mutations. Remaining three nonsynonymous substitutions reside within the ketoacyl synthase (KS) domain. Heterologous expression of these PKS variants in yeast confirmed complete or reduced loss of psittacofulvin production, additionally suggesting presence of an auxiliary polymorphism at the MAT domain. Our findings establish PKS as a functionally conserved key-enzyme determining psittacofulvin-based hues among diverse parrots, highlighting multiple conserved domains essential for the PKS function.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography based prognostic factors and visual outcomes in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after pars plana vitrectomy
Authors: Torres-Costa Sónia , Ribeiro Margarida , Tavares-Correia João , Godinho Gonçalo , Alves-Faria Pedro , Falcão Manuel , Sousa Amândio Rocha
Published: July 2024

Purpose
To evaluate the visual outcomes and changes in the retinal microcirculation in patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) following successful pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).
Methods
Nine macula-on RRD and 23 macula-off RRD eyes were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical data was collected at admission and 3 months after PPV. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed 3 months after PPV. Superficial vascular plexus data obtained with OCTA was compared between affected and fellow eyes and according to macular involvement. Quantitative measurements of the superficial retinal capillary associated with the preoperative and intraoperative factors were analyzed.
Results
Overall RRD inner vessel densities (IVD), full vessel densities (FVD), inner perfusion densities (IPD) and full perfusion densities (FPD) were significantly and positively correlated with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA)(p = 0.002, p = 0.006, p = 0.009, p = 0.023, respectively). In the macula-off RRD, IVD and FVD were significantly decreased compared to macula-on RRD (p = 0.014 and p = 0.034, respectively) and significantly correlated with a longer duration and larger extension of detachment. Higher differences of IVD and FVD between the fellow and affected eyes were significantly correlated with worse BCVA in the macula-off subgroup.
Conclusion
Macula-off RRD presented worse OCTA superficial vascular parameters compared to the macula-on group and fellow eyes, which were correlated with a poorer visual outcome and exacerbated by a longer duration and larger extension of the detachment. Macula-off RRD causes not only retinal structural damage but also a reduction in retinal perfusion despite successful anatomical repair.