bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Russian-Ukrainian relations: stages of regression
Authors: Chemshit Alexandr
Published: July 2021

The subject of the article is Russian-Ukrainian relations, taken in the range from the recent past to the foreseeable future through political analysis. It is emphasized that in the considered short historical period of time there have been substantial and qualitative changes in these relations. The latter are arranged in a phased series: fraternal, good-neighbourhood, forced-neighbourhood and hostile. There are given descriptions of relations between states, elites and nations of Russia and Ukraine. The article reveals causes of political phenomena and processes that caused the negative dynamics of these relations. The research is based on the methodology of the Polish political scientist Jerzy Wiatra.
Considering Students Seating and Three Effective Classroom Seats Arrangements
Authors: Ibiloye Abiodun Christian
Published: July 2021

Teachers are often challenged on classroom design and space optimization that could bring the best out of learning environment given the available resources. Mostly not serious researches have been published on effects of seats arrangement on cognition, lesson delivery and classroom control. These are part of the contribution made by this article as it review, reflect and offer practical perspectives on three popular student seats arrangements: the traditional long rows (with variants including stadium or lecture theatre design , paired seat rows by columns arrangement, etc.), the U-shape or horseshoe design and the pod-community sitting design. This include principles that educators can consider in choosing arrangements most appropriate for learning and realizing the content and Instructional objectives. Literatures were explored, and from teaching experience, a balance between instructional objectives, class characteristics and diversity, and cost affordable to the school is suggested. Teacher’s innovation and improvisation are informed by their exposure and classroom experience. The arrangement of pair desk modules was shown to be the best in all situation, easy to readjust into pod-community design and into u-shape when appropriate for 21st century flipped learning, interactive and collaborative leaning shifts , giving its flexibility, advantage in time before lesson, and with the optimum results.
Proposal Penawaran Jasa Dalam Pembuatan Graphic Design
Authors: Harahap Nita Maharani
Published: July 2021

abstrakGraphic design is a visual communication that uses images to convey information or messages as effectively as possible. In graphic design, text is also considered as an image because it is the result of abstraction from symbols that can be spoken.Graphic design used in communication design and fine arts. Like other types of design, graphic design can refer to the process, design method, resulting product (design), the art of graphic design includes cognitive abilities and visual skills, including typography, illustration, photography, drawing, and layout. raphic design was originally applied to static media, such as books, magazines, brochures, etc. In addition, following the times, graphic design is also applied to electronic media which is commonly referred to as interactive design or multimedia design. The development of design thinking. Graphic design can be applied to any design environment including space.The role of graphic design in all areas of business is much needed. This can be evidenced by the many areas of business that utilize the expertise of graphic designers. The demands of promotional design that are increasingly common in today's business world require graphic designers to be able to develop their own interests in making products that are attractive to the public., To find out how much influence the world of work has on work.Through this proposal, I would like to submit a graphic design proposal to you, whether it is used for web pages, applications, company logos, posters, etc. or for other purposes. Compared to other professional design providers, the price is relatively competitive, but you can still get complete facilities and after-sales from us. We have given several advantages in design.
Women's Income-Generating Activities and Gender Roles in Rural Households in Mayo Danay Division, Northern Cameroon
Authors: SILIKAM Julie Jasmine , ESSOUNGA Angeline Raymonde NGO
Published: July 2021

In sub-Saharan Africa, women participate in the rural labor market where they are present in subsistence agro-pastoral activities, which are more domestic work and, in other income-generating rural activities such as trading. Within the studies carried out on women’s status in communities, those on women's access to income-generating activities in certain contexts such as Ghanaian urban areas, have revealed that, income-generating activities contribute to a redistribution of gender roles in households. This paper by questioning the impacts of women's economic activities on gender relations within households in rural areas of Northern Cameroon, aims to analyse the realities faced by women involved in income-generating activities in a particular rural area to assess if the changes mentioned above happened in all communities. The data used for this work are empirical data from a qualitative survey of 48 women living in 8 villages in Mayo Danay, an administrative territory in Northern Cameroon. The results of this survey reveal that rural women involved in income-generating activities are both breadwinners and domestic workers. Contrary to what was observed in Ghana, the status of female breadwinners does not participate in the emancipation of women. Indeed, even with their means of production, women are still dependent on men and are still alone to bear the burden of the domestic work. Access of women to income-generating activities and their participation in household expenditures have surely reduced poverty in households but have not contributed to gender roles changes.
MAKALAH TENTANG PERANAN AGAMA MENGHADAPI MODERNISASI
Authors: Arsi Andi
Published: July 2021

Agama islam dizaman modern ini sangat ditentukansejauh mana kemampuan umat islam dalam meresponsecara tepat tuntunan dan perubahan sejarah yang terjadidiera modern ini. sikap yang diambil oleh sebagianmasyarakat lainnya adalah menerima dengan sikap kritis.Cara menghadapi modernisasi di dalam suatu tindakanyang diambil adalah dengan mengambil budaya baratyang positif dan membuang budaya barat yang negatif
STATUS GIZI BALITA
Authors: Okarniatif Andi Assyifa Mappedeceng
Published: July 2021

Setiap tahapan perkembangan anak memiliki ciri tersendiri mulai dari sejak kandungan hingga masa remaja, sehingga apabila terjadi masalah pada salah satu tahapan dapat menyebabkan masalah terhadap kehidupan anak selanjutnya. Namun, tidak semua anak mengalami tumbuh kembang yang baik sehingga beberapa anak membutuhkan penanganan khsusus (Hamzar, 2012). Anak berkebutuhan khusus diartikan sebagai anak yang tergolong cacat atau penyandang ketunaan maupun anak yang memiliki kelebihan berupa kecerdasan atau bakat istimewa (Abdurrahman, 2003). Anak disabilitas merupakan anak yang memiliki keterbatasan pada salah satu atau beberapa kemampuan baik bersifat fisik seperti tuna netra, maupun bersifat psikologis seperti autism dan ADHD (Susanti & Yuni, 2019). Menurut Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 tahun 2016 penyandang disabilitas merupakan seseorang yang memiliki keterbatasan secara fisik, mental, intelektual, dam sensorik dalam waktu yang lama dan mengalami kesulitan dalam berinteraksi dengan lingkungan maupun berpartisipasi secara efektif dengan warga Negara berdasarkan kesamaan hak. Beberapa jenis penyandang disabilitas yaitu tuna netra, tuna rungu, tuna wicara, tuna daksa, tunagrahita, tuna ganda, autis, lamban belajar, kesulitan belajar spesifik, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), serta anak berbakat (Usop et al., 2019).
Predicting Deconversion: Concurrent and Cross-time Correlations in Three Samples
Authors: Streib Heinz , Chen Zhuo Job
Published: July 2021

This chapter presents results about one of the questions that our research has focused from the beginning: religious change and deconversion. While in the Deconversion Study (2001-2005) we could use only cross-sectional data to estimate characteristics of deconverts in the U.S.A. and Germany, the analyses reported in this chapter are based on repeated surveys in three waves that allow the identification of concurrent and cross-time correlations—thus, open perspectives on the prediction of deconversion. Results indicate that, with difference between the three waves however, deconversion concurrently may correlate positively with openness to experience and negatively with consciousness, it may correlate also with mysticism and show concurrent correlations with truth of texts and teachings and self-rated religiosity. Cross-time correlations indicated as (negative) predictors of deconversion: self-rated religiosity, extraversion, agreeableness, environmental mastery, positive relations with others, purpose in life, self-acceptance, interpretive mysticism, and truth of texts and teachings. We conclude that low scores on variables for religiosity and religious cognition, but also personality and well-being variable that call for emotional compensation are predictors of deconversion.
Vuong Quan Hoang
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang , La Viet-Phuong , Ho Manh-Toan , Huyen Nguyen Thanh Thanh , Le Tam-Tri
Published: July 2021

Dr. Vuong Quan Hoang (also known as Quan-Hoang Vuong and original Vietnamese name: Vương Quân Hoàng) is one of the most important figures in contemporary Vietnamese social sciences and humanities, especially after 2000. He is the founder of Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research (Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam) and Vietnam Chapter of the European Association of Science Editors. Since his first publication in 1997, he has proposed five notable theoretical frameworks and concepts: 1) Serendipity as a strategic advantage, 2) 3D information process of creativity, 3) Mindsponge mechanism, 4) Cultural additivity, and 5) Semi-conducting principle.
Geometric and temporal evolution of extensional growth folds in the Barents Sea, offshore Norway: A tool to understand normal fault growth
Authors: Alghuraybi Ahmed , Bell Rebecca , Jackson Chris
Published: July 2021

Extensional growth folds form ahead of the tips of propagating normal faults. These folds can accommodate a considerable amount of extensional strain and they may control rift geometry. Fold-related surface deformation may also control the sedimentary evolution of syn-rift depositional systems; thus, the stratigraphic record can constrain the four-dimensional evolution of extensional growth folds, which in term provides a record of fault growth and broader rift history. Here we use high-quality 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the SW Barents Sea, offshore northern Norway to determine the geometric and temporal evolution of extensional growth folds associated with a large, long-lived, basement-involved fault. We show that the fault grew via linkage of four segments, and that fault growth was associated with the formation of fault-parallel and fault-perpendicular folds that accommodated a substantial portion (10 – 40%) of the total extensional strain. Fault-propagation folds formed at multiple times in response to periodic burial of the causal fault, with individual folding events (c. 25 Myr and 32 Myr) lasting a considered part of the total, c. 130 Myr rift period. Our study supports previous suggestions that continuous (i.e., folding) as well as discontinuous (i.e., faulting) deformation must be explicitly considered when assessing total strain in extensional setting. We also show changes in the architecture of growth strata record alternating periods of how folding and faulting, showing how rift margins may be characterised by basinward-dipping monoclines as opposed to fault-bound scarps. Our findings have broader implications for our understanding of the structural, physiographic, and tectonostratigraphic evolution of rift basins.
Influence of zones of pre-existing crustal weakness on strain localization and partitioning during rifting: Insights from analogue modeling using high resolution 3D digital image correlation
Authors: Osagiede Edoseghe , Rosenau Matthias , Rotevatn Atle , Gawthorpe Robert , Jackson Christopher , Rudolf Michael
Published: July 2021

The factors controlling the selective reactivation of pre-existing crustal structures and strain localization process in natural rifts have been studied for decades but remain poorly understood. We present the results of surface strain analysis of a series of analogue rifting experiments designed to test the influence of the size, orientation, depth, and geometry of pre-existing crustal weak zones on strain localization and partitioning. We apply distributed basal extension to crustal-scale models that consist of a silicone weak zone embedded in a quartz sand layer. We vary the size and orientation (θ-angle) of the weak zone with respect to the extension direction, reduce the thickness of the sand layer to simulate a shallow weak zone, and vary the geometry of the weak zone to reflect a range of anticlinal, either linear or curvilinear natural weak zone geometries. Our results show that at higher θ-angle (≤ 60o) both small- and large-scale weak zones localize strain into graben-bounding (oblique-) normal faults. At lower θ-angle (≤ 45o), small-scale weak zones do not localize strain effectively, unless they are shallow. We observe diffuse, second-order strike-slip internal graben structures, which are conjugate and antithetic under orthogonal and oblique extension, respectively. In general, the changing nature of the rift faults (from discrete fault planes to diffuse fault zones, from normal to oblique and strike-slip) highlights the sensitivity of rift architecture to the orientation, size, depth, and geometry of pre-existing weak zones. Our generic models are comparable to observations from many natural rift systems like the northern North Sea and East Africa, and thus have implications for understanding the role of structural inheritance in rift basins globally.
Creativity in Humans, Robots, Humbots
Authors: Lubart Todd , Esposito Dario , Gubenko Alla , Houssemand Claude
Published: July 2021

This paper examines three ways that robots can interface with creativity. In particular, social robots which are designed to interact with humans are examined. In the first mode, human creativity can be supported by social robots. In a second mode, social robots can be creative agents and humans serve to support robot's productions. In the third and final mode, there is complementary action in creative work, which may be collaborative co-creation or a division of labor in creative projects. Illustrative examples are provided and key issues for further discussion are raised.
Search in Dynamic Scenes: Cueing by Body Parts Leads to Transient Covert Attention and Microsaccade Bias while Whole Silhouettes to Sustained
Authors: Han Nicole X , Eckstein Miguel P.
Published: July 2021

Gaze direction is an evolutionarily important mechanism in daily social interactions. It reflects a person’s internal cognitive state, spatial locus of interest, and predicts future actions. Studies have used static head images presented foveally and simple synthetic tasks to find that gaze orients attention facilitates target detection at the cued location in a sustained manner. Little is known about how people’s natural gaze behavior, including eyes, head, and body movements, jointly orient covert attention, microsaccades, and facilitate performance in more ecological dynamic scenes. Participants completed a target person detection task with videos of real scenes. The videos showed people looking toward (valid cue) or away from a target (invalid cue) location. We digitally manipulated the individuals in the videos directing gaze to create three conditions: intact (head+body movements), floating heads (only head movements), and headless bodies (only body movements). We assessed their impact on participants’ behavioral performance and microsaccades during the task. We show that, in isolation, an individual’s head or body orienting toward the target-person direction led to facilitation in detection that is transient in time (200 ms). In contrast, only whole silhouettes led to sustained facilitation (500 ms). Furthermore, observers executed microsaccades more frequently towards the cued direction for valid trials, but this bias was sustained in time only when full silhouettes were present. Together, the results differ from previous findings with foveally presented static heads. In more real-world scenarios and tasks, sustained attention requires the presence of the whole silhouettes of the individuals dynamically directing their gaze.
The Sentiment is in the Details: A Language-agnostic Approach to Dictionary Expansion and Sentence-level Sentiment Analysis in News Media
Authors: de Vries Erik
Published: July 2021

Determining the sentiment in the individual sentences of a newspaper article in an automated fashion is a major challenge. Manually created sentiment dictionaries often fail to meet the required standards. And while computer-generated dictionaries show promise, they are often limited by the availability of suitable linguistic resources. I propose and test a novel, language-agnostic and resource-efficient way of constructing sentiment dictionaries, based on word embedding models. The dictionaries are constructed and evaluated based on four corpora containing two decades of Danish, Dutch (Flanders and the Netherlands), English, and Norwegian newspaper articles, which are cleaned and parsed using Natural Language Processing. Concurrent validity is evaluated using a dataset of human-coded newspaper sentences, and compared to the performance of Polyglot dictionaries. Predictive validity is tested through two long-standing hypotheses on the negativity bias in political news. Results show that both the concurrent validity and predictive validity is good. The dictionaries outperform their Polyglot counterparts, and are able to detect a negativity bias, which is stronger for tabloids. The method is resource-efficient in terms of manual labor when compared to manually constructed dictionaries, and requires a limited amount of computational power.
Welcome to the Real World: Escaping the Sociology of Culture and Cognition
Authors: Vaisey Stephen
Published: July 2021

Recent developments in cultural sociology show that our field remains entrenched in a troubling pattern. As Lizardo (2014) demonstrated, sociologists have a pathological relationship to interdisciplinarity. We tend to create internal “avatars” of other disciplines rather than working with them directly. This fools us into thinking that we’re interdisciplinary when, in reality, “[t]hese subdisciplinary avatars have been created by sociologists for sociological consumption” (Lizardo 2014: 985). Little has changed in the past seven years. In this paper, I will briefly examine one recent case - values - where some sociologists are actively resisting interdisciplinary engagement. I argue that most of their objections are unfounded. I then examine other, less obvious, mechanisms that discourage cultural sociologists from interdisciplinary dialogue.
Codebuch: Hate Speech im Internet 3/2019
Authors: Paasch-Colberg Sünje , Strippel Christian , Laugwitz Laura , Emmer Martin , Trebbe Joachim
Published: July 2021

Codebuch der annotationsbasierten Inhaltsanalyse von Nutzerkommentaren zum Thema Flucht und Migration aus März 2019 im Rahmen des BMBF-Verbundprojekts „NOHATE – Bewältigung von Krisen öffentlicher Kommunikation im Themenfeld Flüchtlinge, Migration, Ausländer“ (Förderkennzeichen: 01UG1735AX).
Covid-19, STATE CAPACITY, AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE BY NONSTATE ACTORS
Authors: Koehnlein Brittney , Koren Ore
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has constrained the ability of states across the world to govern and control their territories. As the state reduces its activities, space opens up for violent nonstate actors working for and against the state to fill the vacuum. Highlighting this trend, the present study evaluates the effects of COVID-19 and pandemics more broadly on attacks by nonstate actors. Our theory emphasizes the incentives of both rebels and pro-government nonstate actors (PGNs) to increase their attack frequency as disease spreads and the state retracts its governance activities to preserve resources needed elsewhere. In the first case, we highlight how the pandemic allows rebels to reduce asymmetries of power with respect to the military and establish themselves as a viable government alternative. In the second case, PGNs, which provide an alternative to militaries, are deployed to these contested spaces to thwart or preempt rebellion during the pandemic. Employing daily level data on the annual change in armed conflict and COVID-19 cases across 127 countries between 1 January 2020 and 15 June 2020, we test both claims using an econometric identification strategy. We do not find clear evidence that COVID-19 led to a higher frequency of rebel attacks, suggesting that these groups prefer to bolster their standing using nonviolent means, or avoid fighting and preserve their resources. In contrast, we find that the frequency of PGN attacks has increased with COVID-19 prevalence compared with last year. Case studies of insurgent and PGN activity in Afghanistan and Nigeria lend additional support to these results, illustrating some underlying mechanisms. Our findings explore overlooked challenges that pandemics and other disasters pose to conflict mitigation and the role PGNs play in these contexts.
Elder Rights in Bangladesh: Critical Reflections on the Elder Law, Policy and Programme
Authors: Malek Abdul
Published: July 2021

Today’s society tends to glorify youth whereas older persons are often associated with grumpiness or antagonism. But ageing is a fact of life; and demographically, a natural process that inevitably occurs in the human life cycle. But this global trend of demographic aging is laden with a panoply of emerging challenges that push the elder population vulnerable to exploitation, mistreatment, and right violations. Although the elderly in Bangladesh are valued as an asset, not as a burden on society, they are, in reality, less likely to form new friendship; rather, often labeled as ‘aged’ and ‘unproductive’ due to our social construction for age biases that also create dependency eventually.In effect, the elderly face many difficult challenges, i.e. discrimination, homelessness, poverty, discrimination, denial of basic human rights and social services, lack of adequate care and Medicare, or isolation. Besides, the elder’s rights have not yet received the adequate legal attention they deserve. Along with establishing the elderly’s particular vulnerability that requires preferential treatment under elder law, this paper hence attempts to look into the Bangladesh position in the elder law regime, and how the elderly rights are brought in governance and legal practice. After doing so, this paper also uses a searchlight on whether the legal protection mechanisms are adequate, and what measures are imperatives to address the dynamics of the elderly.
Empirics vs. art theory: Exploring a factor structure of pictorial expression based on contemporary artworks
Authors: Schoch Kerstin , Ostermann Thomas
Published: July 2021

As a transdisciplinary questionnaire combining psychometrics and art theory, RizbA enables a quantitative measurement of pictorial expression in terms of a formal image analysis. This study explores its factor structure and a potential gap between theory and empirics.The sample consists of 275 contemporary pictorial works by artists and nonprofessionals, rated by 179 experts in a randomized online survey. Three path models were specified and computed as CFA: models A and B based on the results of the two previous studies, model C on the theoretical framework of the initial study. Model C was additionally tested on a combined dataset of all three studies.While models A and B did not converge, model C was associated with fit indices as follows: χ2 = 1299.752, df = 278, p = .000, RSMEA = .122 (90% CI = .116, .129), CFI = .712, TLI = .679, SRMR = .135 and for the combined dataset: χ2 = 6860.824, df = 278, p = .000, RSMEA = .086 (90% CI = .084, .088), CFI = .740, TLI = .696, SRMR = .084.Studies implicate reliability, but there might not be a globally stable factor structure across artworks. Only model C partly suggests an acceptable fit for the combined data. The results speak to a methodological gap between empirics and theory due to art being highly ambiguous with various analysis options. Further postdisciplinary approaches are needed to develop a theory-based measurement model for pictorial expression, which might to do justice to the arts.
Can we quantify the benefits of “super spikes” in track running?
Authors: Healey Laura , Bertschy Montgomery , Kipp Shalaya , Hoogkamer Wouter
Published: July 2021

The recent and rapid developments in track spike innovation have been followed by a wave of record-breaking times and top performances. This has led many to question what role ‘super spikes’ play in improving running performance. To date, the specific contributions of new innovations, including lightweight, resilient, and compliant midsole foam, altered geometry, and increased longitudinal bending stiffness, to track running performance are unknown. Based on current literature, we speculate about what mechanical advantages these features may provide. Importantly, the effects of super spikes will vary based on several factors including the event-specific speed (i.e. 100 m vs. 10,000 m) and the characteristics of the athlete wearing them. Further confounding our understanding of super spikes is the difficulty of testing them. Unlike marathon shoes, testing track spikes comes with a unique challenge of quantifying the metabolic energy demands of mid-distance running events, which are partly anaerobic. For this reason, putting an exact number on the benefits from super spikes is difficult.
A Portal into Biology Education: An Annotated List of Commonly Encountered Terms
Authors: Iqony Azra
Published: July 2021

Exploring a new discipline can be daunting in any field, and biology education is no exception. The authors provide a resource for those who are new to explorations of the biology education and biology education research worlds, including key terminology, brief definitions, and links to literature for further explorations.
Nasichatul Ummah
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: July 2021

Kisah perjalanan Ibu Ikak yang tak lelah mengayuh misteri teranyam azam. Teranyam sebagai motivasi dan inspirasi agar tetap meniti tatanan dari Pelantan Semesta Raya dengan rasa bahagia, walau setitik perih pernah meninggalkan luka.
Trends in bacteriological profile of neonatal sepsis in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a referral center of western Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Bikash , Panthee Kiran , KC Prabal , Siddique Neha
Published: July 2021

Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Nepal. In order to lower the morbidity and mortality of newborns in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), it is essential to study the bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity.

Objective: This study aims to study the common bacteriological profile and their antibiotics susceptibility pattern in the NICU of medical college of western Nepal.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in NICU of Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Nepal among all blood culture positive neonates admitted between April 2020 to September 2020. Convenient sampling was done. All clinically suspected neonates were identified and laboratory data including bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity were recorded and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.

Results: Among 215 neonates admitted in the NICU, 45 (20.9%) had culture positive sepsis. Most isolates were early onset sepsis (62.22%) and low birth weight (57.78%). The majority of isolates were Gram positive, predominantly Staphylococcus aureus (37.78%). Staphylococcus aureus showed higher resistance to Cloxacillin (57.1%) and had higher sensitivity to Vancomycin and Linezolid (100%). Similarly, Gram negative isolates, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sps, showed higher resistance to Ceftriaxone (100%) and Cefoperazone and were highly sensitive to Imipenem (100%) and Colistin (100%).

Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism causing neonatal sepsis in current study with increasing resistance to commonly used Cloxacillin and Ampicillin and highly sensitive to Vancomycin and Linezolid. There is higher risk of emergence of antibiotic resistance. Thus, rational use of empirical antibiotics is necessary to prevent drug resistant sepsis.
Colpocitología
Authors: Campos Rey de Castro Jorge
Published: July 2021

La utilidad del citodiagnóstico en la práctica médica, es tema que ya no se discute; abundante literatura acumulada en la cuarta y quinta décadas de este siglo, ha demostrado la exactitud del método y ha probado también que el citodiagnóstico ofrece posibilidades diferentes, según cual sea el territorio del organismo en el cual se lo aplica o el tipo de secreción o exudado que se examina. Todos los autores están de acuerdo que el método logra los mejores resultados cuando se lo aplica al territorio ginecológico.
Contribución de la endocrinología
Authors: Calderón V. Rolando
Published: July 2021

En Endocrinología adquiere particular importancia la relación que guardan entre sí las diferentes partes del sistema, es por ello que al evaluar un paciente con una disfunción endocrina hay que tener siempre presente el concepto de concierto que guardan entre sí las diferentes glándulas endocrinas, esto justifica que dentro de este symposium antes de hablar de la exploración funcional del ovario digamos algo de la exploración funcional de otras glándulas endocrinas íntimamente relacionada a él, tanto por su dependencia directa como en el caso de la hipófisis cuanto porque alteraciones de ellas pueden repercutir en la función ovárica.
Progresos en radioisotopos en ginecología y obstetricia
Authors: Bedoya Paredes Julio
Published: July 2021

Los coloides radioactivos, oro y fósforo crómico, para aplicación intersticial, o en las acitis carcinomatosas, han producido considerable alivio; la manuabilidad de los actuales materiales plásticos, y la corta vida media de varios isótopos radioactivos han permitido un mejor cálculo de las dosis. En cuanto a la aplicación de métodos al diagnóstico, ellos se ven limitados, por la posibilidad de producir daño con las radiaciones, y actualmente se pone mucho énfasis limitando los exámenes radiográficos a lo mínimo posible en los ovarios, y en especial en las embarazadas.
Síndrome de Fibrinogenopenia aguda y su tratamiento
Authors: García Valenzuela Raúl
Published: July 2021

Se estudian 29 casos de fibrinogenopenia aguda observados en el Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital San Francisco de Borja, en un período de 8 años ( 1956- 1963). Los cuadros clínicos que originaron esta complicación fueron: a) Desprendimiento prematuro de lo placenta (abruptio y ablatio placentae). b) Distocias y accidentes del alumbramiento (adherencias anormales de la placenta, placenta previa, etc.). c) Cuadros sépticos puerperales (aborto inducido, etc.). d) Embolía de líquido amniótico. Se enjuician las característicos fundamentales de estos cuadros, tanto desde el punto de vista clínico como terapéutico, destacando el valor práctica que tiene la "prueba del coágulo" para precisar de urgencia la causa del sangramiento.
Erosión cervical
Authors: Gonzales Merlo Jesús
Published: July 2021

Con un criterio eminentemente clínico, podemos definir la erosión cervical como una mancha roja, que aparece en las proximidades del orificio cervical externo y que contrasta del color rosa pálido de la portio normal.
Complicaciones urológicas del tratamiento quirúrgico del carcinoma del cuello uterino. Terapéutica y profilaxis
Authors: Antoine T.
Published: July 2021

El especialista siempre ha temido a las complicaciones urológicas a causa de la cirugía radical del carcinoma del cuello uterino. La forma clásico; de dichas complicaciones es la fístula necrótica del uréter. Durante los primeros años ocurría en más de 10% de los casos y aún hoy día encontramos tales cifras en manos de algunos cirujanos; aunque en su mayoría ha disminuido. A esta forma clásica se adhieren hoy otras cuyo origen es la linfadenectomía.
Uso y abuso de los progestágenos sintéticos
Authors: Blanchard Oscar
Published: July 2021

Los llamados progestágenos o progestábenos o gestágenos artificiales o sintéticos (caproato 17 a hidroxiprogesterona, acetato 6 metil 17 a hidroxiprogesterona) y las nortestosteronas provocan en los mamíferos, una reacción progestacional y otros, favorecerían la nidación y la gestación. Estos gestágenos, evidentemente, son de los últimos adelantos de la endrocrinología a punto tal que su estudio no es aún una cuestión acabada y en permanente revisión. Se ha comprobado que su acción no es idéntica -empíricamente- aunque mucho más activa que la progesterona o progestina; ésta no tiene efectos androgénicos y actúa sólo por vía parenteral. En verdad no tenemos un conocimiento cabal acerca de los nor-esteroides sintéticos; son esteroides con una estructura química ciclopentano fenartreno.
Diagnóstico y tratamiento del carcinoma in situ (Epitelio atípico no invasor)
Authors: Blanchard Oscar
Published: July 2021

La lesión que nos ocupa tiene numerosas designaciones o nombres como también variadas descripciones. Creemos que la designación "carcinoma in situ" o "carcinoma intraepitelial" o "superficial" o "preinfiltrativo”, son incongruentes al llamar "carcinoma” a un estado que no presenta sus caracteres específicos, ni sabemos si los tendrá, a saber: proliferación activa atípica, infiltrante o destructora, y producir metástasis. Precisamente, se trata de lesiones histopatológicas y por ello es más necesario fijar su designación y descripción.
Tumores benignos del ovario
Authors: Herrera Calmet Abelardo
Published: July 2021

Hemos hecho un estudio clínico-patológico de 374 tumores benignos de ovario, operados entre los años 1954-1963, en el Servicio de Ginecología Pab. 5 II del Hospital Arzobispo Loayza y que representa el 8,15% de las ginecópatas internadas en ese lapso. Los tumores quísticos (88,77%)  son más frecuentes que los sólidos (4,81%). La edad de mayor frecuencia la encontramos entre los 20 y 50 años. Habían tenido hijos el 79,01% de nuestras enfermas.
Estudio radiológico en algunos procesos del endometrio
Authors: Giampietro A. , Parada R.
Published: July 2021

Los estudios radiológicos de endometrio se indican en la posibilidad de la enfermedad neoplásica, esterilidad y enfermedades uterinas disfuncionales. Las contraindicaciones para este tipo de estudio son: el embarazo, la tuberculosis y la enfermedad inflamatoria aguda del útero.
Virilización materno-fetal por tumor ovárico de la madre
Authors: Guerra García Roger , Chávarry Manuel , Calderón V. Rolando , Muñóz T. Carlos
Published: July 2021

Los autores han estudiado una mujer de 23 años en los que un tumor de ovario desarrollado durante su tercera embarazo. El tumor era del tipo resto suprarrenal y virilizados tanto para la madre como para el feto, que era una chica seudohermafrodita; la virilización que se produjo en la madre retrocedió tres meses después de la entrega, y la excreción urinaria de testosterona y 17-CS estaban en el rango normal en este punto; sin embargo, un aumento de los 17-Ks se produjo con la inyección de HCG; Los autores postulan que el tumor era dependiente de hormonas, y que los andrógenos secretados fueron capaces de cruzar la placenta y de esta manera a virilizar el feto.
Valor terapéutico de la conización en el carcinoma cervical incipiente y displasias
Authors: Castellano Carlos , Bernedo Hernán , Canales P. Luis
Published: July 2021

283 casos de carcinoma in situ del cuello del útero se investigan para establecer el valor de la conización en su diagnóstico y tratamiento. La conización en esta serie, constituye el mejor procedimiento para el diagnóstico de las lesiones invasivas y se debe utilizar preferently como una guía para el tratamiento individual. La histerectomía sin conización previa como se practica en 27 casos se lleva a cabo como un riesgo para el paciente, mientras que el enfoque conservador con conización sola seguida de un control adecuado rinde excelentes resultados terapéuticos. Sin embargo, la histerectomía extendido a la vagina sigue siendo el procedimiento de elección.
La inducción del periodo ovulatorio
Authors: Seegar Jones Georgeanna , Lopez J.
Published: July 2021

Dos instrumentos potentes -la gonadotropina humana y el citrato del clomiphene-- están a nuestra disposición para la inducción del período ovulatorio en todos las pacientes que demuestran un período anovulatorio de origen central: psicogénico, neurogénico e hipofisario. Estos drogas no han de emplearse sin un previo estudio sobre el diagnóstico etiológico excluyendo no solamente el fallo periférico ovó rico sino también el fallo de los órganos terminales. No han de emplearse en casos de amenorrea debida a causas intermediarias como enfermedades crónicas, enfermedades del metabolismo -tiroides, adrenol, páncreas y factores nutricionales-. Para obviar complicaciones que son ovarios poliquísticos y embarazos múltiples, uno ha de emplear la dosis mínima y efectiva. Esta dosis es, hasta cierto punto, a base de un criterio individual. Si estas precauciones son debidamente llevadas, uno puede esperar mejorar el pronóstico de los casos difíciles como la amenorrea causada por factores neurogénicos e hipofisarios, la amenorrea hipotalámica y quizás erradicar el tratamiento quirúrgico del síndrome de Stein-Leventhal.
Quistes dermoides del ovario
Authors: Espinoza Ramirez Alberto
Published: July 2021

Al presentar este trabajo a consideración del Segundo Congreso Peruano de Ginecología y Obstetricia, he creído necesario hacer una revisión de los conocimiento que, sobre el quiste dermoide, se tienen en lo actualidad a la luz de los modernos estudias sobre lo embriología del ovario. La estadística que presento ha sido recogido en los archivos del Pabellón 5, Sala 1a. del Hospital Arzobispo Loayza, durante el decenio 1951-1960.
Sobre el diagnóstico, pronóstico y tratamiento del carcinoma endometrial
Authors: Cruz Muñóz Héctor
Published: July 2021

El diagnóstico clínico del carcinoma endometrial en sus estadíos iniciales es muy difícil porque ni la sintomatología ni el examen objetivo proporcionan elementos de juicio lo suficientemente característicos como para poder afirmarlo con alguna certeza. El síntoma que hace pensar siempre en una neoplasia maligna del endometrio es la metrorragia que ocurre en una mujer que está en la época post-menopáusica, pero este síntoma no es de manera alguna propia del carcinoma endometrial desarrollado en este período de la vida. En efecto, en un estudio efectuado en la Clínico Ginecológica Universitaria (23) sobre 488 casos de hemorragia genital post-menopáusica, 265 casos correspondían a una neoplasia maligna (54,5%) de los cuales 55 presentaban un carcinoma endometrial, vale decir, que sólo el 11,2 % de los pacientes que consultaron por una hemorragia genital post-menopáusica tenían un carcinoma del endometrio.
Nutrición y estado gravido puerperal. IV Papel de la nutrición materna en la etiología de la toxemia gravídica
Authors: Karchmer K. Samuel , Chávez Azuela José , Shor Pinsker Velvl , Ontiveros Cerda Eduardo , Castelazo Ayala Luis
Published: July 2021

Los autores han estudiado la interrelación entre la toxemia del embarazo y el estado nutricional de los pacientes; la incidencia global en 2.523 mujeres fue 16,2%, pero en pacientes con la ingestión de proteínas subnormal la incidencia era significativamente mayor que en las mujeres con dieta adecuada. Se discute el posible rol de la nutrición materna en la etiología de la toxemia del embarazo.
Hipoplasia de una arteria umbilical
Authors: Chabes y Suárez Álvaro , Monroe Rodríguez Adolfo
Published: July 2021

Se presenta un caso de hipoplasia de arteria umbilical en un recién nacido de sexo femenino que no evidencia malformaciones congénitas hasta los 2 años de edad. Se hace hincapié en la necesidad de estudiar este tipo de patología que, cuando precoz, puede dar resultados quirúrgicos halagadores en lo referente a corrección de las malformaciones presentes.
Patología salpingea en el embarazo ectópico tubario
Authors: Vega Rizo Patrón Leoncio , Paredes Vasquez Segundo
Published: July 2021

Se estudia histopatológicamente, en forma retrospectiva 96 casos diagnosticados como "embarazos ectópicos salpíngeos", pertenecientes a los Archivos del Instituto de Patología de la Facultad de Medicina U.N.M.S.M., en el Hospital Loayza. Sesenta de estos casos tenían historias clínicas utilizables. En el grupo de lesiones puras la más frecuente era la Salpingitis crónica folicular con 22 casos (22.9%) siguiéndole en orden de frecuencia la salpingitis crónica simple con 18 casos (18.8 %) y por último la salpingitis ístmica nodosa con 16 casos (16.6%). Entre las catalogadas como "mixtas" el mayor porcentaje correspondió a casos en los que se hallaba concomitantemente lesiones del tipo de la Salpingitis ístmica nodosa y la Salpingitis crónica folicular: 6 casos (6.3 %), siguiendo los casos de Salpingitis ístmica nodosa y Salpingitis crónica simple: 3 casos (3.1 %). Este trabajo muestra la importancia de las lesiones inflamatorias salpíngeas en la génesis del embarazo ectópico tubario y el importante pero poco conocido rol de la salpingitis ístmica nodosa en este proceso.
Mecanismo de acción de los contraceptivos inyectables de depósito
Authors: Kesseru Esteban , Larrañaga Alfredo
Published: July 2021

Varios parámetros fueron estudiados a la claridad de los mecanismos de acción de dos anticonceptivos inyectables progrstins de acción prolongada: caproato 17-a-19-hydroxynorprogesterone (que la eficacia anticonceptiva dura clínicamente al menos 8 semanas) y enantato 19-noretisterona (eficacia de más de 12 semanas). La teoría "clásica" de la ovulación-inhibición se encontró uncovincing. En 14 biopsias de ovario de pacientes en tratamiento, tomada en la segunda fase del ciclo, la ovulación era evidente en 11 de ellos por la presencia de cuerpos lúteos. 245 biopsias endometriales mostraron que exogenus efecto gestágeno dura sólo tres semanas; después de este período la mayoría de endometrio podrían estar correlacionadas con el ciclo de días en los que se tomaron: 2/3 de estos ciclos bifásicos sugeridas. Evaluación de 240 colpocytograms también confirmó actividad cíclica endógeno. Con el fin de explicar la acción prolongada eficacia anticonceptiva, factor de mucosa cervical se ha estudiado a fondo: en 380 casos spinnbarkeit (en cm.) Y lerning (en%) se evaluaron en correlación con el ciclo de día y el tiempo trascurrió desde la última dosis. Un efecto gestágeno definitiva, en el moco, uniforme y continua, se demostró en contraste con los cambios cíclicos en los otros parámetros; este efecto staris disminuyendo simultaneamente con la pérdida tle de protección anticonceptiva por la droga. Los autores postulan que el efecto cntraceptive a los dos fármacos mencionado la se deben a cambios en el factor cervical que afecta a la penetrabilidad de los espermatozoides.
Carcinoma del muñón cervical
Authors: Galdós Ricardo , Esteves Luis , Castellano Carlos , León A. Luis , Barriga Oscar
Published: July 2021

Los autores han estudiado 68 casos de carcinoma del muñón cervical tratados en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, entre 1952 - 1967. Mediante la aplicación de los criterios de dos años, intervalo libre, 49 de estos casos eran "auténticas" y 19 eran de el tipo coincidente. Estos 68 casos representaron 0,7% de las 9.197 casos de carcinoma del cuello uterino tratado en el período de 15 años. La tasa de supervivencia global para el grupo tratado quirúrgico fue de 50% y 47% para los que recibieron la terapia roentgen; sin embargo, después de un análisis de las etapas clínicas de los casos en ambos grupos los autores Suport radioterapia como el procedimiento más adecuado.
Historia de la Obstetricia y Ginecología en el Perú
Authors: Molina Navia Lucas
Published: July 2021

Historia de la Obstetricia y Ginecología en el Perú.
Contribución a la epidemiología del cáncer de cuello uterino en el Perú
Authors: Valdivia Ponce Eduardo , Galdós R. , Pinedo T. , Canales L.
Published: July 2021

Los A. A. presentan un estudio sobre epidemiología del cáncer de cuello uterino, basado en la revisión de 5,092 historias clínicas de pacientes portadores de esa neoplasia y que en 10 años concurrieron al Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, que es un Hospital con 120 camas, especializado y del Estado, al que llegan pacientes referidos de toda la República. Este estudio insinúa una vinculación entre Relaciones Sexuales y el desarrollo de cáncer de cuello uterino, en cierta forma similar a una enfermedad venérea (como en los condilomas acuminatus de los genitales (?)). Además, se aprecia que agravan esta vinculación, otros factores, en particular los Socio-económicos y Culturales de pobreza.
Actualización de la técnica de la operación cesárea en el Instituto Maternidad "Alberto Peralta Ramos"
Authors: Raimondi Domingo , Piovano Aldo , Oses Alberto , Torres Lopez Adalberto
Published: July 2021

Se analiza los conceptos modernos que debe regir la realización de una sutura uterina. Se da a conocer el procedimiento ideado por uno de nosotros (Dr. Domingo Raimondi), utilizado desde 1956 y simplificado desde entonces hasta utilizar desde 1961 una técnica cada vez más sencilla, avalada por estudios experimentales, anátomo-patológicos y clínico-quirúrgicos.
Conducta en presencia de displasia y cáncer in situ del cuello uterino
Authors: Zuckermann Conrado
Published: July 2021

El autor revisa la hipótesis, la nomenclatura y los problemas de la displasia y carcinoma in situ del cuello del útero que se presenta por diferentes autores y su forma de experiencia personal 1958-1967, consistente en 428 casos de displasia y 236 carcinoma in situ. Comentando que ambas entidades no significan emergencias, el autor establece su preferencia por el tratamiento conservador de la displasia y el abordaje quirúrgico de la carcinoma in situ con conización, o histerectomía total con extirpación de la parte superior de la vagina.