bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self‐sustainable wireless sensor network for low‐temperature application
Authors: Cho Young Seek , Choi Kyungjoon , Kwon Jaerock
Published: December 2021

While environmental monitoring system is an exemplary application for wireless sensor network (WSN), its energy‐constraint still remains unresolved issue and needs to be addressed. In this work, a self‐sustainable WSN is proposed for low‐temperature application. To resolve the energy‐constraint issue, a wireless power transfer (WPT) technique, called conformal strongly coupled magnetic resonant (CSCMR) technique, is adopted. At 90 MHz, the RF power transmission efficiency is 84% with 60 mm distance between transmitting and receiving resonators. For the 90 MHz RF power, the rectifier efficiency for the RF to DC power conversion is 69% and 76 at 25°C and −20°C, respectively. For an energy storage unit, a supercapacitor is chosen for the low‐temperature application. With the excellent temperature characteristic of the supercapacitor, the effectiveness of the supercapacitor is verified as the energy storage unit operating at −20°C. It is shown that the WSN proposed in this work can operate in perpetuity as long as the circuit components in the WSN do not have any defects.
Research note: Bridging the gaps between the theory and practice of nonprofit operating reserves
Authors: Kim Mirae , Mason Dyana P.
Published: December 2021

Over the last decade, scholars and practitioners have advocated for nonprofits to develop operating reserves to help them survive economic shocks, but questions about what can be considered financial reserves remain. To understand what it takes to build reserves, most previous studies used Liquid Unrestricted Net Assets (LUNA) calculated from organizations' Form 990 tax returns as the measure of reserves. Practitioners, however, seem to conceptualize reserves differently. Drawing from an original survey of arts and culture nonprofits as well as human services nonprofits administered during the early days of the COVID‐19 pandemic, we compared self‐reported measures of reserves to those based on academic definitions. We then explored if the factors found to estimate the size of nonprofit financial reserves in previous studies would predict the level of reserves that practitioners consider. Whether using the book value of reserves (i.e., LUNA) or the way practitioners think about reserves, we generally reached the same conclusions regarding the factors associated with reserve levels. These findings increase the reliability of studies that use LUNA despite the differences between “book” measures of reserves and how leaders consider their rainy‐day funds.
Pitfalls in the diagnosis of yolk sac tumor: Lessons from a clinical trial
Authors: Yang Adeline , Patterson Alison , Pavlock Tara , Chen Kenneth S. , Gagan Jeffrey , Hatley Mark E. , Frazier A. Lindsay , Amatruda James F. , Laetsch Theodore W. , Rakheja Dinesh
Published: December 2021

Though outcomes for patients with recurrent/refractory malignant germ cell tumors (mGCTs) are poor, therapies targeting mTOR and EGFR inhibition have shown promise in vitro. We hypothesized that the combination of sirolimus and erlotinib will show activity in patients with recurrent/refractory mGCTs. Patients were enrolled in a prospective phase II clinical trial; central review of existing pathology specimens was performed. Of the five patients evaluated, two had their diagnoses revised to pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP)‐secreting gastric adenocarcinoma, respectively. Although mGCTs are common AFP‐secreting neoplasms, recurrence or refractoriness to standard regimens should prompt histologic reevaluation for other diagnoses.
Volumetric de‐escalation and improved acute toxicity with proton craniospinal irradiation using a vertebral body‐sparing technique
Authors: Chou Brian , Hopper Austin , Elster Jennifer , Crawford John R. , McConnell Kristen , Chang Andrew , Mundt Arno J. , MacEwan Iain
Published: December 2021

Purpose

In growing children, craniospinal irradiation (CSI) has historically treated the entire vertebral body (VB) to avoid potential long‐term spinal abnormalities. Vertebral body‐sparing proton craniospinal irradiation (VBSpCSI) is a technique that spares the majority of the VB from significant irradiation, and long‐term safety outcomes have been reported previously. This retrospective study reviews the acute toxicity profile of children treated with VBSpCSI in a cohort comparison with photon‐based craniospinal radiotherapy (3DCRT).

Methods

Thirty‐eight pediatric CSI patients treated between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively evaluated for treatment‐related toxicity. Acute toxicity outcomes and acute hematologic profiles were compared according to treatment modality, either VBSpCSI or 3DCRT. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test for toxicity.

Results

Twenty‐five patients received VBSpCSI and 13 patients received photon CSI. Mean patient age at treatment was 7.5 years (range 2–16). The cohorts were well matched with respect to gender, age, and CSI dose. Patients receiving VBSpCSI had lower rates of grade 2+ gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity (24% vs. 76.5%, p = .005), grade 2+ nausea (24% vs. 61.5%, p = .035), and any‐grade esophagitis (0% vs. 38%, p = .0026). Patients treated with VBSpCSI had lower red blood cell transfusion rates (21.7% vs. 60%, p = .049) and grade 4+ lymphopenia (33.3% vs. 77.8%, p = .046).

Conclusions

VBSpCSI in children is a volumetric de‐escalation from traditional volumes, which irradiate the entire VB to full or intermediate doses. In our study, VBSpCSI was associated with lower rates of acute GI and hematologic toxicities. Long‐term growth outcomes and disease control outcomes are needed for this technique.
Dasatinib does not exacerbate dexamethasone‐induced osteonecrosis in murine models of acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy
Authors: Finch Emily R. , Janke Laura J. , Li Lie , Payton Monique A. , Jenkins David A. , Crews Kristine R. , Relling Mary V. , Karol Seth E.
Published: December 2021

Introduction

There are clinical reports that the incorporation of dasatinib may increase the frequency of osteonecrosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment regimens. No rigorous testing of this hypothesis is available to guide clinicians.

Methods

We tested whether oral dasatinib increased the frequency of dexamethasone‐induced osteonecrosis in a murine model and tested its effects on dexamethasone's antileukemic efficacy in a murine BCR‐ABL+ model of ALL.

Results

Dasatinib did not change the frequency of osteonecrosis (p = .99) nor of arteriopathy (p = .36) in dexamethasone‐treated mice when given at dosages that achieved clinically relevant steady‐state dasatinib plasma concentrations of 53.1 ng/ml (95% CI: 43.5–57.3 ng/ml). These dasatinib exposures were not associated with increased dexamethasone plasma exposure in nonleukemia‐bearing mice. These same dosages were not associated with any decrement in antileukemic efficacy of dexamethasone in a responsive BCR‐ABL+ model of ALL.

Conclusions

Based on the results of our preclinical murine studies, we conclude that dasatinib is unlikely to increase the osteonecrotic effects of dexamethasone in ALL regimens.
Influence of Composition on Energetic Properties of Copper Oxide – Aluminum Powder Nanothermite Materials Formed by Electrophoretic Deposition
Authors: Lebedev Egor A. , Sorokina Larisa I. , Trifonov Alexey Y. , Ryazanov Roman M. , Pereverzeva Svetlana Y. , Gavrilov Sergey A. , Gromov Dmitry G.
Published: December 2021

We investigated the reactions in composite thermite layers consisting of Al, CuO, and Cu2O nanoparticles formed by electrophoretic deposition on a titanium substrate. The composition determined the reaction propagation rates and heat effects in oxygen and oxygen‐free atmospheres. It was found that a stable self‐propagating exothermic reaction in the aluminum‐copper oxide layer takes place in the range of 50–80 wt.% of Al. The maximum values of the measured heat effects also fell in this range. At the same time, the calculation following the stoichiometry of the reaction shows the optimal range of the Al amount is 10–20 wt.%. To explain this fact, we proposed a model based on calculating the probability of contact between Al and CuO particles depending on the average particle size and their concentration. The model is based on the calculation of solid angles, which means that the exact value of the contact area does not play a decisive role in this case.
Compatibility assessment of Varian and Elekta robotic couch‐assisted six‐dimensional patient positioning correction systems with external independent imaging modalities
Authors: Sarkar Biplab , Ganesh Tharmarnadar , Munshi Anusheel , Manikandan Arjunan , Choudhari Suresh , Jassal Kanan , Mohanti Bidhu Kalyan , Pradhan Anirudh
Published: December 2021

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of robotic couch‐assisted six‐dimensional (6D) patient positioning systems with gantry‐mounted and in‐room independent imaging modalities in two different accelerators.

Materials and Methods

Imaging and 6D patient setup workflow were evaluated for both machines. The imaging workflow consists of onboard (OBI) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging and in‐room ExacTrac imaging to evaluate setup errors. Setup images were acquired using CBCT, and positional corrections were performed using a 6D robotic couch. Further compatibility of CBCT and ExacTrac was evaluated for both coplanar and noncoplanar beam geometries.

Result

Varian 6D couch, PerfectPitch, comprises three translational axes (x, y, z): the table column's rotational axis (yaw) and the two additional axes of rotation (pitch and roll) that are affected by the couch's bellows. In this approach, after accounting for 6D shifts, the couch remains physically rotated about its rotational axis (yaw:zROT ≠ 0°). This residual error in yaw rotation was counted in subsequent noncoplanar beam geometries. If the initial yaw couch error was −5.8°, after applying this error a beam planned at 30° couch rotation will appear as 24.2° (= 30°–5.8°) for both CBCT and ExacTrac images. In Elekta's HexaPOD six degrees of freedom (DoF) couch, the column rotational axis is not counted as one of the six DoF. Instead, HexaPOD's bellows can effectively execute all three rotations, and the 3D couch movements that correct setup errors are limited only to the translational axes. A noncoplanar beam planned at a couch rotation of 30° appeared at 30° after patient positional correction. 

Conclusion

Varian 6D robotic couch solutions are only partially compatible with independent in‐room imaging systems.
Influence of Nonmagnetic Dilution on the Magnetic Properties of La1−xDyxMn1−yZnyO3 Perovskites at High Temperature
Authors: López-Toro José Fernando , Lezama Luis , Salazar Daniel , Mendoza Aminta
Published: December 2021

Herein, the influence of Zn nonmagnetic doping on magnetic properties above the Curie temperature of La1−x
Dy
x
Mn1−y
Zn
y
O3 diluted samples is studied. The Zn doping effect on the structure and distortions of MnO6 octahedra are observed, suggesting a relaxation effect of the tilting on the stress introduced by Zn doping. Magnetization versus temperature shows a transition from paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) phase in the temperature range from 130 to 190 K. In the PM regime, FM spin clusters are observed by dc susceptibility and electron PM resonance (EPR). The effective moment of the clusters is obtained from the high‐temperature dc susceptibility. The effective exchange constants, J, are estimated using an open‐source program for the high‐temperature expansion (HTE) for inverse susceptibility of the spin Heisenberg model.
Ability ofB12N12fullerene like nano‐cage for sensing and improving the antioxidant activity of juglone and its derivative: Density functional theory investigation
Authors: Zoua Vincent de Paul , Tamafo Fouegue Aymard Didier , Mama Désiré Bikélé , Ghogomu Julius Numbonui , Abdoul Ntieche Rahman
Published: December 2021

Theoretical chemistry calculations were used to investigate the ability of the B12N12fullerene like nano‐cage for sensing juglone (Jug) and one of its derivative (JugOH) in gas phase, pentyl ethanoate (PE) and water. Results obtained at DFT/M05‐2X‐D3/6‐311+G(d,p) level of theory showed that B12N12is able to adsorbed Jug preferentially by binding to one of the O‐atom of its carbonyl groups. Based on natural bond orbital analysis, a charge transfer from the oxygen atoms of Jug and JugOH to the anti‐bonding orbital of B was revealed. Quantum theory of atoms in molecule analysis showed that the B12N12Jug and B12N12JugOH complexes are stabilized by a partially covalent BO bond in addition to attractive non covalent interactions. The ability ofJug,JugOHas well as their complexesAandAOHto scavenge HO●radical has been investigated via the usual hydrogen atom transfer mechanism in the three media of study previously stated. Theoretical evaluation of pH effect on this radical scavenging activity revealed that in water, the anionic forms ofJugOH(86%) andAOH(96%) are dominant and mainly transfer their remaining H‐atom to HO●via a spontaneously reaction, the complex presenting the lowest Gibbs free energy. These results provide fundamental knowledge for the development of new antioxidant delivery careers.
Out of bounds: Coerced invisibility and alternate sexualities
Authors: Gupta Nikhil Kumar
Published: December 2021

The alternate sexualities face a society and discourse which presumes a condition of ceteris paribus for heteronormativity. Such framework of understanding very often denies the very existence of the alternate sexualities, and thus, their concerns of justice remain out of the purview of any democratic deliberation. The idea of coerced invisibility discusses such status of the alternate sexualities, wherein they are suppressed and neglected at multifarious levels. This erosion of spatiality puts them under a situation of “out of bounds” which ensures their insulation from the issues such as justice and equality. The paper attempts to discuss how coerced invisibility is a tool through which the exclusion of the alternate sexualities is ensured. The impact of coerced invisibility extends from one's psychology to social existence. When imposed in an acute form, it often produces results like alienation and anomie, which causes serious implications for the alternate sexualities.
“A riddled restitution”—The Indian journey from the recognition of the third gender towards the Queer
Authors: Gupta Nikhil Kumar
Published: December 2021

The queer movement in India celebrated a landmark with the decriminalization of Section 377 of Indian Penal Code in 2018. Another milestone was reached through the legal recognition of the transgender population of the Indian state in 2019. These developments point towards a positive progression of the queer movement in India. The change in the perspective of the state towards the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI) shows a positive stance towards the concerns of the LGBTQI groups. However, the trajectory taken by the Indian state with respect to the concern of the queer community is riddled with a few challenges and roadblocks, which might create obstacles in furthering the concerns of the LGBTQI groups. The engagement with the heteronormative framework makes the sight of the state prismatic, which leads to lopsided and ineffective results. Thus, it is important to understand the specific nature of the concerns of the LGBTQI groups before embarking upon the task of restitution. This paper seeks to discuss the changing perspective of the Indian state towards the concerns of the LGBTQI and find the probable challenges that might be left unaddressed.
3D Ordered Porous Nanostructure Confers Fast Charge Transfer Rate and Reduces the Electrode Polarization in Thick Electrode
Authors: Lin Shengxuan , Wang Yifan , Chen Yuhang , Cai Zihe , Xiao Jiajia , Muhmood Tahir , Hu Xiaobin
Published: December 2021

Lithium batteries with high electrode thickness always possess a poor battery property due to electrode polarization along the thickness direction. Herein, a concept that the electrode polarization can be reduced through the fabrication of 3D ordered interconnected nanostructure in the electrode is put forward. A nitrogen‐doped carbon photonic crystal (NCPC) with the ordered interconnected nanostructure is used in the electrode to prove the concept. NCPC can provide a fast charge transfer rate along the thickness direction and a uniform distribution for electrons and lithium ions, resulting in diminishing the concentration polarization and concentration gradient. When NCPC works for lithium–sulfur battery, the thick electrode achieves a fast charge transfer rate and a small voltage gap as well as the thin electrode. The 200 µm thick sulfur cathode obtains a specific capacity (87%) as high as 100 µm thick sulfur cathode. In contrast, the capacity ratio of the electrode made by the traditional coating method is only 45%.
SafeOSL: Ensuring memory safety of C via ownership‐based intermediate language
Authors: Yin Xiaohua , Huang Zhiqiu , Kan Shuanglong , Shen Guohua , Chen Zhe , Liu Yang , Wang Fei
Published: December 2021

The unsafe features of C make it a big challenge to ensure memory safety of C programs, and often lead to memory errors that can result in vulnerabilities. Various formal verification techniques for ensuring memory safety of C have been proposed. However, most of them either have a high overhead, such as state explosion problem in model checking, or have false positives, such as abstract interpretation. In this article, by innovatively borrowing ownership system from Rust, we propose a novel and sound static memory safety analysis approach, named SafeOSL. Its basic idea is an ownership‐based intermediate language, called ownership system language (OSL), which captures the features of the ownership system in Rust. Ownership system specifies the relations among variables and memory locations, and maintains invariants that can ensure memory safety. The semantics of OSL is formalized in K‐framework, which is a rewriting‐logic based tool. C programs to be checked are first transformed into OSL programs and then detected by OSL semantics. Experimental results have demonstrated that SafeOSL is effective in detecting memory errors of C. Moreover, the translations and experiments indicate that the intermediate language OSL could be reused by other programming languages to detect memory errors.
Molecular Display on Protein Nanocompartments: Design Strategies and Systems Applications
Authors: Szyszka Taylor N. , Jenner Eric N. , Tasneem Nuren , Lau Yu Heng
Published: December 2021

The front cover artwork is provided by the Lau Group from the University of Sydney. The image shows an artistic example of a catalytic system depicting cross‐talk between enzymes displayed on the surface and sequestered within the compartment. Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/syst.202100025.
Correction to: Migrant Hospitalities in the Mediterranean
Authors: Grotti Vanessa , Brightman Marc
Published: December 2021

The book was inadvertently published without the funder information. The funder information “This book has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 638259 (Project EU Border Care)” has been now included in the copyright page.
Zoom-Fatigue managen
Authors: Legerer-Bratengeyer Andrea
Published: December 2021

Im März 2020, bedingt durch die Corona-Pandemie, hat sich die Berufsgruppe der Psychotherapeut_innen flexibel und spontan auf die Anforderung des Online-Settings als Behandlungsformat eingelassen. Es galt die Versorgung der Klient_innen unbedingt aufrecht zu halten und einen Anteil an der Gesamtgesundheit der Bevölkerung zu leisten. Durch digitale Kommunikation im Online-Video-Setting ergeben sich für Psychotherapeut_innen bisher wenig beachtete, zusätzliche Belastungen. Insbesondere Arbeitsplatzsicherheit (Bildschirmarbeitsverordnung), Achtsamkeit und Sorgsamkeit für Augen, Binokularsystem, Rücken, Schultern und Nacken sowie der Umgang mit einer neuen Form der Erschöpfung, der Zoom-Fatigue, sind von Bedeutung. Die Arbeitswelt 4.0 hat Einzug in die psychotherapeutischen Praxen gehalten und bringt neue Aspekte und Anforderungen an Selbstfürsorge und Psychohygiene.
Field-scale monitoring of nitrate leaching in agriculture: assessment of three methods
Authors: Wey Hannah , Hunkeler Daniel , Bischoff Wolf-Anno , Bünemann Else K.
Published: December 2021

Deterioration of groundwater quality due to nitrate loss from intensive agricultural systems can only be mitigated if methods for in-situ monitoring of nitrate leaching under active farmers’ fields are available. In this study, three methods were used in parallel to evaluate their spatial and temporal differences, namely ion-exchange resin-based Self-Integrating Accumulators (SIA), soil coring for extraction of mineral N (Nmin) from 0 to 90 cm in Mid-October (pre-winter) and Mid-February (post-winter), and Suction Cups (SCs) complemented by a HYDRUS 1D model. The monitoring, conducted from 2017 to 2020 in the Gäu Valley in the Swiss Central Plateau, covered four agricultural fields. The crop rotations included grass-clover leys, canola, silage maize and winter cereals. The monthly resolution of SC samples allowed identifying a seasonal pattern, with a nitrate concentration build-up during autumn and peaks in winter, caused by elevated water percolation to deeper soil layers in this period. Using simulated water percolation values, SC concentrations were converted into fluxes. SCs sampled 30% less N-losses on average compared to SIA, which collect also the wide macropore and preferential flows. The difference between Nmin content in autumn and spring was greater than nitrate leaching measured with either SIA or SCs. This observation indicates that autumn Nmin was depleted not only by leaching but also by plant and microbial N uptake and gaseous losses. The positive correlation between autumn Nmin content and leaching fluxes determined by either SCs or SIA suggests autumn Nmin as a useful relative but not absolute indicator for nitrate leaching. In conclusion, all three monitoring techniques are suited to indicate N leaching but represent different transport and cycling processes and vary in spatio-temporal resolution. The choice of monitoring method mainly depends (1) on the project’s goals and financial budget and (2) on the soil conditions. Long-term data, and especially the combination of methods, increase process understanding and generate knowledge beyond a pure methodological comparison.
Modelling the nucleation and propagation of cracks at twin boundaries
Authors: Grilli Nicolò , Cocks Alan C. F. , Tarleton Edmund
Published: December 2021

Fracture arising from cracks nucleating and propagating along twin boundaries is commonly observed in metals that exhibit twinning as a plastic deformation mechanism. This phenomenon affects the failure of macroscopic mechanical components, but it is not fully understood. We present simulations in which a continuum model for discrete twins and a cohesive zone model are coupled to aid the understanding of fracture at twin boundaries. The interaction between different twin systems is modelled using a local term that depends on the continuum twin variables. Simulations reveal that the resolved shear stress necessary for an incident twin to propagate through a barrier twin can be up to eight times the resolved shear stress for twin nucleation. Interface elements are used at the interfaces between all bulk elements to simulate arbitrary intragranular cracks. An algorithm to detect twin interfaces is developed and their strength has been calibrated to give good agreement with the experimentally observed fracture path. The elasto-plastic deformation induced by discrete twins is modelled using the crystal plasticity finite element method and the stress induced by twin tips is captured. The tensile stress caused by the tip of an incident twin on a barrier twin is sufficient to nucleate a crack. A typical staircase fracture path, with cracks propagating along the twin interfaces, is reproduced only if the strength of the twin interfaces is decreased to about one-third of the strength of the bulk material. This model can be used to help understand fracture caused by the activation of multiple twin systems in different materials.
Environmental Correlates of Adolescent’ Materialism: Interpersonal Role Models, Media Exposure, and Family Socio-economic Status
Authors: Zawadzka Anna Maria , Kasser Tim , Niesiobędzka Małgorzata , Lewandowska-Walter Aleksandra , Górnik-Durose Małgorzata
Published: December 2021

The present study examined how adolescents’ materialism relates to interpersonal materialism role models (i.e., mothers’, fathers’, siblings’, and peers’), media exposure, and family socio-economic status (SES). We obtained our data from the adolescent, his/her mother and father, and one each of his/her siblings and peers. The results showed that mother’s, father’s, sibling’s and peer’s’, materialism are approximately equally strong predictors of adolescents’ materialism. Further analyses, using structural equation modeling, revealed that interpersonal materialism role models and media exposure both positively predicted adolescents’ materialism; in contrast to past literature, family SES was also significantly positively related to adolescents’ materialism. Limitations and implications of the current project are discussed.
Perceived Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on the Family Context of Foster and Non-Foster Families
Authors: González-Pasarín Lucía , Urbano-Contreras Antonio , Bernedo Isabel M. , Oliver Jesús
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting lockdown have had a far-reaching impact across all levels of society. In Spain, severe restrictions were placed on people’s mobility, and leaving the home was only possible under special circumstances. This study analyzes the impact of lockdown on the family context of foster and non-foster families, focusing particularly on their levels of cohesion, adaptability, and perceived stress. It also examines a series of variables that may have influenced foster families’ perceptions of their family context during lockdown. Data were gathered through an online survey that was completed by 347 individuals corresponding to 100 foster families and 247 non-foster families from different regions of Spain. Analyses were descriptive and exploratory in nature. The results appear to suggest that lockdown has had a greater impact on the family context of non-foster families. With respect to foster families’ experiences of lockdown, variables such as loss of employment and having a child with special educational needs would seem to be important. For both types of families, lockdown has provided an opportunity to improve certain aspects of their family context. Given that further lockdowns of some degree may be necessary in the future, it is important to ensure that families have access to the psychoeducational resources they need to maintain, as far as possible, a positive family context.
Sexual Harassment and Candidate Evaluation: Gender and Partisanship Interact to Affect Voter Responses to Candidates Accused of Harassment
Authors: Masuoka Natalie , Grose Christian , Junn Jane
Published: December 2021

Public airing of incidents of sexual harassment have moved abuse from the shadows to the light, spurring mass response in the form of #MeToo and “Time’s Up.” While sexual harassment holds negative valence, election outcomes suggest that not all voters punish leaders accused of harassment. We argue there is systematic variation in how voters respond to candidates accused of harassment because evaluations are made within the context of both partisanship and the gendered issue of sexual harassment. As a result, we expect to find distinct responses across four voter groups—Democratic women and men, and Republican women and men on the specific issue of harassment. We present supporting evidence from two survey experiments and a third associational study to show that Democratic women are most likely to electorally punish sexual harassers. Experimental evidence also shows that Republican men are least likely to electorally punish candidates accused of harassment.
Stochastic approximation cut algorithm for inference in modularized Bayesian models
Authors: Liu Yang , Goudie Robert J. B.
Published: December 2021

Bayesian modelling enables us to accommodate complex forms of data and make a comprehensive inference, but the effect of partial misspecification of the model is a concern. One approach in this setting is to modularize the model and prevent feedback from suspect modules, using a cut model. After observing data, this leads to the cut distribution which normally does not have a closed form. Previous studies have proposed algorithms to sample from this distribution, but these algorithms have unclear theoretical convergence properties. To address this, we propose a new algorithm called the stochastic approximation cut (SACut) algorithm as an alternative. The algorithm is divided into two parallel chains. The main chain targets an approximation to the cut distribution; the auxiliary chain is used to form an adaptive proposal distribution for the main chain. We prove convergence of the samples drawn by the proposed algorithm and present the exact limit. Although SACut is biased, since the main chain does not target the exact cut distribution, we prove this bias can be reduced geometrically by increasing a user-chosen tuning parameter. In addition, parallel computing can be easily adopted for SACut, which greatly reduces computation time.
Random vibration analysis with radial basis function neural networks
Authors: Wang Xi , Jiang Jun , Hong Ling , Sun Jian-Qiao
Published: December 2021

Random vibrations occur in many engineering systems including buildings subject to earthquake excitation, vehicles traveling on a rough road and off-shore platform in random waves. Analysis of random vibrations for linear systems has been well studied. For nonlinear systems, particularly for multi-degree-of-freedom systems, however, there are still many challenges including analyzing the probability distribution of transient responses of the system. Monte Carlo simulation was considered the only viable method for this task. In this paper, We propose a method to construct semi-analytical transient solutions of the probability distribution of transient responses of nonlinear systems by using the radial basis function neural networks. The activation functions consist of normalized Gaussian probability density functions. Two examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed solution method. The transient probability distributions and response moments of these examples are presented, which have not been reported in the literature before.
The Liminal Leisure of Disadvantaged Young People in the UK Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Woodrow Nicholas , Moore Karenza
Published: December 2021

The global COVID-19 pandemic has created, exposed and exacerbated inequalities and differences around access to—and experiences and representations of—the physical and virtual spaces of young people’s leisure cultures and practices. Drawing on longstanding themes of continuity and change in youth leisure scholarship, this paper contributes to our understandings of ‘liminal leisure’ as experienced by some young people in the UK before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do this, we place primary pre-pandemic research on disadvantaged young people’s leisure spaces and practices in dialogue with secondary data on lockdown and post-lockdown leisure. Subsequently, we argue that existing and emergent forms of youth ‘leisure liminality’ are best understood through the lens of intersectional disadvantages. Specifically, pre-existing intersectional disadvantages are being compounded by disruptions to youth leisure, as the upheaval of the pandemic continues to be differentially experienced. To understand this process, we deploy the concept of liminal leisure spaces used by Swaine et al Leisure Studies 37:4,440-451, (2018) in their ethnography of Khat-chewing among young British Somali urban youth ‘on the margins’. Similarly, our focus is on young people’s management and negotiation of substance use ‘risks’, harms and pleasures when in ‘private-in-public’ leisure spaces. We note that the UK government responses to the pandemic, such as national and regional lockdowns, meant that the leisure liminality of disadvantaged young people pre-pandemic became the experience of young people more generally, with for example the closure of night-time economies (NTEs). Yet despite some temporary convergence, intersectionally disadvantaged young people ‘at leisure’ have been subject to a particularly problematic confluence of criminalisation, exclusion and stigmatisation in COVID-19 times, which will most likely continue into the post-pandemic future.
THE BEGINNING OF CULTURAL MEMORY PRODUCTION IN CHINA AND THE MEMORY POLICY OF THE ZHOU ROYAL HOUSE DURING THE WESTERN ZHOU PERIOD
Authors: Khayutina Maria
Published: December 2021

This article explores how the memory of the conquest of Shang and the rise of the first Zhou kings was transmitted during the early centuries of the Zhou dynasty, specifically as it was reflected in inscriptions on excavated bronze vessels and bells from the Western Zhou period (ca. mid-eleventh to early eighth century b.c.e.). Approaching these inscribed objects and their texts from the perspective of the theories of social memory and cultural memory reveals that commemorating the foundational past of the dynasty became part of an intentional policy of the Zhou royal house as early as the first half of the tenth century b.c.e. It demonstrates that by the mid-tenth century b.c.e., a stable narrative emphasizing Kings Wen 文 and Wu 武 as the founding fathers of the Zhou dynasty was established at the expense of King Cheng 成, whose role was gradually downplayed following the general logic of lineage organization, according to which the commemoration of the earliest common ancestors serves as the foundation of corporate integrity in a network of patrilineally related families. It shows that most of the men who included such commemorations in inscriptions indeed belonged to the royal patrilineal network, wherein they occupied the highest positions. It further exemplifies that the royal house cultivated the memory of the first kings using various media, including rituals, utensils, royal speeches, and inscriptions. From the analysis of such inscriptions, we can infer that that the foundational memory of the Zhou dynasty was usually reactivated in the context of political negotiations, some of which included addressing lineage outsiders. Finally, it shows that both the royal house and other metropolitan lineages modified the foundational narrative according to their current needs. This article thus contributes both to tracing the roots of the early Chinese historiographic tradition and to understanding memory production in a society as an ongoing process of negotiations and adaptations.
Effects of l-citrulline supplementation and watermelon consumption on longer-term and postprandial vascular function and cardiometabolic risk markers: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials in adults
Authors: Smeets Ellen T. H. C. , Mensink Ronald P. , Joris Peter J.
Published: December 2021

l-Citrulline may improve non-invasive vascular function and cardiometabolic risk markers through increases in l-arginine bioavailability and nitric oxide synthesis. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) was performed to examine longer-term and postprandial effects of l-citrulline supplementation and watermelon consumption on these markers for CVD in adults. Summary estimates of weighted mean differences in vascular function and cardiometabolic risk markers with accompanying 95 % CI were calculated using random or fixed-effect meta-analyses. Seventeen RCT were included involving an l-citrulline intervention, of which six studied postprandial and twelve longer-term effects. Five studies investigated longer-term effects of watermelon consumption and five assessed effects during the postprandial phase. Longer-term l-citrulline supplementation improved brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) by 0·9 %-point (95 % CI 0·7, 1·1, P < 0·001). Longer-term watermelon consumption improved pulse wave velocity by 0·9 m/s (95 % CI 0·1, 1·5, P < 0·001), while effects on FMD were not studied. No postprandial effects on vascular function markers were found. Postprandial glucose concentrations decreased by 0·6 mmol/l (95 % CI 0·4, 0·7, P < 0·001) following watermelon consumption, but no other longer-term or postprandial effects were observed on cardiometabolic risk markers. To conclude, longer-term l-citrulline supplementation and watermelon consumption may improve vascular function, suggesting a potential mechanism by which increased l-citrulline intake beneficially affects cardiovascular health outcomes in adults. No effects on postprandial vascular function markers were found, while more research is needed to investigate the effects of l-citrulline and watermelon on risk markers related to cardiometabolic health.
Attitudes towards the Sri Lankan leopard Panthera pardus kotiya in two rural communities
Authors: Uduman Aisha , Hagerman Shannon , Kroc Edward , Watson Anjali , Kittle Andrew , Burton A. Cole
Published: December 2021

Livestock depredation by wild carnivores threatens carnivore populations and livestock-dependent human communities globally. Understanding local attitudes towards carnivores can inform strategies to improve coexistence. In Sri Lanka, the dairy industry is expanding, creating a need for proactive conflict mitigation. Livestock depredation by the Endangered Sri Lankan leopard Panthera pardus kotiya occurs, but little is known about these incidents or the attitudes of those whose livelihoods may be threatened by this. We surveyed people in two rural communities, Palatupana and Maskeliya, that differed in the scale of livestock ownership, livestock management practices and socio-ecological factors, to characterize attitudes towards leopards and understand their determinants. In Palatupana, an area with extensive cattle rearing, depredation incidents were frequent, and attitudes towards leopards were positively related to respondents' age, number of dependants, years spent rearing livestock and a greater overall support for wildlife conservation. Attitudes were negatively related to respondents' knowledge of leopard ecology and awareness of leopard-related tourism, from which cattle owners do not benefit. In Maskeliya, where cattle rearing is secondary to other agricultural work, depredation did not occur. Here, attitudes were positively related to a desire for increased government assistance with cattle rearing. The inability to develop land for cattle husbandry was a common barrier experienced in both communities. Considering local attitudes can inform strategies to improve human–carnivore coexistence. Approaches that could improve attitudes towards leopards include involvement of cattle owners in tourism programmes, exploring potential alternative land ownership schemes, and improving infrastructure and access to veterinary care.
Shared genetic influences on depression and menopause symptoms
Authors: Meijsen Joeri J. , Shen Hanyang , Vemuri Mytilee , Rasgon Natalie L. , Koenen Karestan C. , Duncan Laramie E.
Published: December 2021

Background

Women experience major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) approximately twice as often as men. Estrogen is thought to contribute to sex differences in these disorders, and reduced estrogen is also known to be a key driver of menopause symptoms such as hot flashes. Moreover, estrogen is used to treat menopause symptoms. In order to test for potential shared genetic influences between menopause symptoms and psychiatric disorders, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of estrogen medication use (as a proxy for menopause symptoms) in the UK Biobank.

Methods

The analysis included 232 993 women aged 39–71 in the UK Biobank. The outcome variable for genetic analyses was estrogen medication use, excluding women using hormonal contraceptives. Trans-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses were conducted along with genetic correlation analyses on the European ancestry GWAS results. Hormone usage was also tested for association with depression and PTSD.

Results

GWAS of estrogen medication use (compared to non-use) identified a locus in theTACR3gene, which was previously linked to hot flashes in menopause [top rs77322567, odds ratio (OR) = 0.78,p= 7.7 × 10−15]. Genetic correlation analyses revealed shared genetic influences on menopause symptoms and depression (rg= 0.231,s.e.=0.055,p= 2.8 × 10−5). Non-genetic analyses revealed higher psychiatric symptoms scores among women using estrogen medications.

Conclusions

These results suggest that menopause symptoms have a complex genetic etiology which is partially shared with genetic influences on depression. Moreover, theTACR3gene identified here has direct clinical relevance; antagonists for the neurokinin 3 receptor (coded for byTACR3) are effective treatments for hot flashes.
Tools for social policy management: the SiSo Scale for measuring situations of social difficulty
Authors: RAYA DIEZ ESTHER , FUMANAL AURELIO LASCORZ
Published: December 2021

The design and evaluation of social policies requires information systems that enable social intervention with the people targeted by the programmes and services and that also offer indicators for the follow-up and monitoring of the policies adopted. The article presents the process of validation of a tool for diagnosing situations of social difficulty arising from social exclusion. The scale has been implemented in one of Spain’s seventeen Autonomous Communities and has been selected on the basis of Good Practice under the European Social Fund. Expert judges were consulted for content validity; the metric properties of the scores obtained by the scale were examined and an exploratory factorial analysis (EFA) was performed to study the internal structure. The results show that the scale has adequate levels of content validity, construct validity and internal consistency. The SiSo Scale supplies a synthetic index of Social Position, providing professionals with the technical tools needed to carry out social diagnoses and simultaneously giving valid and reliable information on the social condition of people in a situation of social exclusion, which can guide social policy decision-making.
Applied corpus linguistics for language acquisition, pedagogy, and beyond
Authors: Römer Ute
Published: December 2021

This plenary speech provides an overview of applications of corpus research in several core areas of applied linguistics, including second language acquisition and language assessment. It does this by showcasing a number of recent studies carried out by or with involvement of the author. These studies all focus on phraseological aspects of language and demonstrate the importance of studying its patterned nature. The studies also illustrate how corpora and corpus-analytic techniques can allow us as applied linguists to contribute to solving problems in other disciplines (such as legal scholarship or music theory) and hope to thereby encourage more interdisciplinary research collaborations between corpus linguists and scholars from other fields.
Design and integration of a drone based passive manipulator for capturing flying targets
Authors: Vidyadhara B. V. , Tony Lima Agnel , Gadde Mohitvishnu S. , Jana Shuvrangshu , Varun V. P. , Bhise Aashay Anil , Sundaram Suresh , Ghose Debasish
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we present a novel passive single degree-of-freedom (DoF) manipulator design and its integration on an autonomous drone to capture a moving target. The end-effector is designed to be passive, to disengage the moving target from a flying UAV and capture it efficiently in the presence of disturbances, with minimal energy usage. It is also designed to handle target sway and the effect of downwash. The passive manipulator is integrated with the drone through a single DoF arm, and experiments are carried out in an outdoor environment. The rack-and-pinion mechanism incorporated for this manipulator ensures safety by extending the manipulator beyond the body of the drone to capture the target. The autonomous capturing experiments are conducted using a red ball hanging from a stationary drone and subsequently from a moving drone. The experiments show that the manipulator captures the target with a success rate of 70% even under environmental/measurement uncertainties and errors.
The costructure–cosemantics adjunction for comodels for computational effects
Authors: Garner Richard
Published: December 2021

It is well established that equational algebraic theories and the monads they generate can be used to encode computational effects. An important insight of Power and Shkaravska is that comodels of an algebraic theory
$\mathbb{T}$
– i.e., models in the opposite category
$\mathcal{S}\mathrm{et}^{\mathrm{op}}$
– provide a suitable environment for evaluating the computational effects encoded by
$\mathbb{T}$
. As already noted by Power and Shkaravska, taking comodels yields a functor from accessible monads to accessible comonads on
$\mathcal{S}\mathrm{et}$
. In this paper, we show that this functor is part of an adjunction – the “costructure–cosemantics adjunction” of the title – and undertake a thorough investigation of its properties. We show that, on the one hand, the cosemantics functor takes its image in what we term the presheaf comonads induced by small categories; and that, on the other, costructure takes its image in the presheaf monads induced by small categories. In particular, the cosemantics comonad of an accessible monad will be induced by an explicitly-described category called its behaviour category that encodes the static and dynamic properties of the comodels. Similarly, the costructure monad of an accessible comonad will be induced by a behaviour category encoding static and dynamic properties of the comonad coalgebras. We tie these results together by showing that the costructure–cosemantics adjunction is idempotent, with fixpoints to either side given precisely by the presheaf monads and comonads. Along the way, we illustrate the value of our results with numerous examples drawn from computation and mathematics.
Paediatric giant cell myocarditis: a case report
Authors: Lourenço Guilherme , Pimentel João , Trigo Conceição , Pinto Fátima F.
Published: December 2021

A previously healthy 15-year-old teenage boy was admitted for fever and heart failure. Myocarditis was suspected, and endomyocardial biopsy revealed giant cell myocarditis. Immunosuppressive treatment was initiated, with excellent response. A plausible link to previous leptospirosis was identified. At 18-month follow-up, left ventricular function is normal. Only one other reported case of paediatric giant cell myocarditis had such a favourable outcome.