bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Event-triggered background-oriented schlieren: High- frequency visualization of heated jet flow
Authors: liu yingzheng , Lyu Zhen , Cai Weiwei
Published: December 2023

This letter reports a novel event-triggered background-oriented schlieren (EBOS) technique using a combination of an event-triggered camera and pulsed laser speckle projection. The BOS images are reconstructed using the event data generated by the pulsed laser speckle projection and then processed to obtain the density and temperature distribution of the flow. This technique enables continuous visualization and recording of flows at kFPS frame rates with a very low cost, breaking through the short operating times of existing high-frame-rate BOS. To examine the event-triggered BOS technique, tests are conducted on a hot air gun. The measured temperature distribution coincides with the thermocouple data with an error of no more than 10.8%. Measurements taken during the startup of the hot air gun demonstrate that the presented technique can measure the evolution of the jet temperature for at least 150 s, as well as capture the localized unsteady turbulent structure in the heated jet flow.
The elite graduate school for leadership in the future. Results of a future workshop on excellent leadership education in 2030
Authors: Lange Nick , Kisgen Stefanie , Faix Werner G.
Published: December 2023

Elite higher education institutions are notable for developing a significant number of graduates who assume leadership positions. This highlights the importance of integrating the two fields of elite education and leadership education. This paper seeks to address the central questions of how leaders will be cultivated and what elite higher education institutions will look like in 2030. To explore these inquiries, a case study was conducted at a German graduate school using the future workshop methodology. The process involved four creative workshops and an online survey, employing both top-down and bottom-up approaches. Through this participatory process, an image of the future of an elite graduate school for leadership in 2030 was developed. This image can serve as a starting point for contemporary higher education institutions to prepare themselves for and actively contribute to shaping a promising future.
Does a school-based intervention increase girls’ sexual and reproductive health attitudes and intentions? Results from a mixed-methods cluster-randomized trial in Burkina Faso
Authors: Hinson Laura , Pliakas Triantafyllos , Schaub Emily , Nourou Aya Mahaman , Angelone Cecelia , Brooks Mohamad Ibrahim , Abga Abdou Arthur , Congo Zakari , Ki Bruno , Trasi Reshma
Published: December 2023

Adolescent girls in Burkina Faso face unintended pregnancy risk due to a lack of contraceptive use. The (re)solve project was designed to address contraceptive misperceptions and increase girls’ perceptions of their pregnancy risk, primarily through a participatory game and a health passport aimed at easing health facility access. The intervention components were implemented for girls in private and public school in grades 4ème and 3ème (grades 9 and 10) in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. We conducted an impact evaluation using a mixed-methods cluster randomized control trial design to evaluate (re)solve’s impact on girls’ intentions to use contraception, among other outcomes. Thirty-two schools were randomly allocated intervention or control. The evaluation included quantitative longitudinal surveys at baseline (N = 2,372) and endline (N = 2,072), qualitative in-depth interviews with girls in the intervention group at baseline (N = 41) and endline (N = 48) and with implementation staff (N = 35) and experts (N = 14) at endline. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis for the main analysis. Girls receiving the intervention had more positive attitudes related to contraception at endline compared to girls at control schools. (re)solve had a positive effect on girls’ intention to use contraception (aOR = 1.59, 95% CI 0.97–2.61), though this did not reach statistical significance. The impact was particularly large among girls who had never had sex, girls who attended public schools, and girls in 3ème. Qualitative findings suggest the intervention was well received and positively shifted attitudes and facility-seeking behaviors for many girls, but that myths and misconceptions related to contraceptive use persist in this mostly young, sexually naïve population. That the (re)solve intervention appears to have shifted adolescent girls’ attitudes toward using contraception, coupled with positive trends in intention to use contraception, indicates that interventions like (re)solve may ‘prime the pump’ for behavior change and increasing girls’ use of contraception.

Trial registration number and date: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15387847 Registered on June 15th 2021.
The “heterogeneous” effect of government grants on bank lending
Authors: Gu Shuibin , Zhang Qinyue
Published: December 2023

This study aims to test whether banks can recognize different signals from different types of government grants received by their clients and respond differently. Using a novel panel data set from China, we construct a three-way fixed-effect regression model and empirically explore the effect of government grants received by banks’ clients on banks’ lending decisions. We find that banks have heterogeneous attitudes towards their clients when the clients receive different types of government grants. In particular, we discover that banks behave positively toward clients who receive "development supportive" grants but negatively toward clients who receive "helping hand" grants. The main results hold after a series of robustness tests. Our study offers fresh perceptions on how banks see government grants of their clients while making lending choices. Our finds will offer certain inspirations for government grant policies and bank lending decisions.
Association of alternative healthy eating index and severity of pemphigus vulgaris: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Fallah Maryam , Najafi Anahita , Balighi Kamran , Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Ebrahimpour-Koujan Soraiya
Published: December 2023

Background

Evidence on the association between following healthy eating and the severity of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between adherence to the alternative healthy eating index (AHEI) and the severity of Pemphigus vulgaris disease in adults.

Methods

In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, a total of 138 pemphigus vulgaris cases were studied, of which 108 had pemphigus disease area index (PDAI) ≤15, and 30 had PDAI>15. Dietary intakes were assessed using a valid 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). To calculate the AHEI, the data received from the diet were used. The subjects of this index received a score of 1–10. The final AHEI was calculated by summing the component scores.

Results

After adjusting for age and sex, we found that individuals with the highest AHEI score were 72% less likely to have increased PV severity compared with those with the lowest score (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.08–0.92, P trend = 0.020). Further control for another potential confounder, intake energy, made the association stronger (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06–0.88, P trend = 0.017). Also, after controlling the body mass index (BMI) confounding factor, it maintained its strong relationship (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06–0.88, P trend = 0.016).

Conclusion

The evidence of our study shows that following the healthy eating index is associated with a reduction in the severity of pemphigus vulgaris. Prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Comparative transcriptomics of stem rust resistance in wheat NILs mediated by Sr24 rust resistance gene
Authors: Vishwakarma Gautam , Saini Ajay , Bhardwaj Subhash Chander , Kumar Satish , Das Bikram Kishore
Published: December 2023

Stem rust of wheat is a deleterious fungal disease across the globe causing severe yield losses. Although, many stem rust resistance genes (Sr) are being used in wheat breeding programs, new emerging stem rust pathotypes are a challenge to importantSrgenes. In recent years, multiple studies on leaf and yellow rust molecular mechanism have been done, however, for stem rust such studies are lacking. Current study investigated stem rust induced response in the susceptible wheat genotype C306 and its Near Isogenic Line (NIL) forSr24gene, HW2004, using microarray analysis to understand the transcriptomic differences at different stages of infection. Results showed that HW2004 has higher basal levels of several important genes involved in pathogen detection, defence, and display early activation of multiple defence mechanisms. Further Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis identified important genes responsible for pathogen detection, downstream signalling cascades and transcription factors (TFs) involved in activation and mediation of defence responses. Results suggest that generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), cytoskeletal rearrangement, activation of multiple hydrolases, and lipid metabolism mediated biosynthesis of certain secondary metabolites are collectively involved inSr24-mediated defence in HW2004, in response to stem rust infection. Novel and unannotated, but highly responsive genes were also identified, which may also contribute towards resistance phenotype. Furthermore, certain DEGs also mapped close to theSr24-linked marker onThinopyrum elongatumtranslocated fragment on wheat 3E chromosome, which advocate further investigations for better insights of theSr24-mediated stem rust resistance.
Theorizing gender in homestay settings: Mobilities and/as power relations
Authors: Moysidou Gesthimani , Stanley Phiona
Published: December 2023

A contribution to critical work in hospitality, this article theorizes gendered power relations in various homestay settings. As such, it is an endorsement of – and response to – Shelagh Mooney’s call for critical problematization of ‘gender’, not least as a lens to better understanding the hospitality experiences of – and research approaches to – marginalized people, including women but also LGBTIQA+-identifying people. Discussed are the following ideas: intersectional identities and positionalities as these relate to gendered power relations; the role of mobilities in host/guest conflicts and resolutions; and the contested axiologies, epistemologies and ontologies that may undergird host–guest conflicts. We draw on our empirical research among homestay guests and hosts, including qualitative interviews with au pair, Workaway and WWOOFing hosts and guests and ethnographic research undertaken among Spanish-language learners in Guatemala and Nicaragua. Across all contexts, we focus on women’s and LGBTIQA+ people’s experiences in homestays – as part of wider mobilities – as prisms through which to understand the ways in which gendered identity work is undertaken and gender roles may be performed, negotiated, constructed and – above all – contested in hospitality settings more broadly as well as the associated mobilities, affordances and constraints. As such, this article contributes to the critical hospitality literature by queering gender in this context, understanding it as something one does/performs rather than is.
I.A., (des)informação e (des)contextualização no jornalismo
Authors: Pessôa Paulo , Bomfim Ivan
Published: December 2023

O artigo propõe, em caráter ensaístico, uma reflexão sobre os recentes debates em torno das produções automatizadas de notícias realizadas por ferramentas e plataformas de inteligência artificial. Dentre as recentes discussões sobre a defesa do jornalismo realizado por profissionais humanos, os conceitos basilares estão sendo revisados e tensionados diante às atualizações de produções jornalísticas. Entre suas fundamentações, a contextualização tem se destacado como um elemento basilar da notícia que necessita de revisitação e, após definição, pode ser um passo para o diferencial do jornalismo produzido por humanos e por robôs. Contribuindo para evitar propagação de futuras desinformações em um cenário comunicacional de desordem informativa.
DIGITALIZATION OF MUNICIPAL AS A STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT (EXAMPLE THE CITY OF BARNAUL)
Authors: Martens A. A. , Derkach N. O.
Published: December 2023

Modern methodologists pay special attention to digital technologies in the issues of sustainable development of urban districts. The current realities, as well as the promotion of digitalization at the federal level, are forcing municipal authorities to put forward their own projects in the field of the digital economy. Under the conditions of transformation, cities are becoming a place for testing digital services to meet the needs of basic life, social issues and interaction with municipal authorities of the appropriate level. The authors of the article consider the basic issues of sustainable development of the digital environment, the practice of applying which is revealed on the example of the city of Barnaul, Altai Territory, as part of the national project «Digital Economy». In addition, the article highlights the special tasks that are set for local governments for the digitalization of the urban environment, considers indicators of their achievement, statistics of individual indicators. In conclusion, the authors come to the conclusion that the city of Barnaul is at the initial stage of digitalization, which is confirmed by the successful functioning of a number of socially significant online services and the rating of the Ministry of Construction of Russia.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MIGRATION PROCESSES ON THE POPULATION DYNAMIC OF ALTAY REGION
Authors: Shevchuk N. A.
Published: December 2023

The lack of human resources is a serious problem for Altay region that negatively affecting the economic development of the region. The migration processes are one of the factors that exert influence on the condition of the human resources and act as an indicator of the social and economic development of the region. The migration of the population becomes a leverage of the economic growth in the host regions. At the same time the outflow of qualified staff personnel from the territory of the donor regions is akin to a reduction in investment in their economy. The study found that during the specified period, the number of migrants arriving in the region decreased by 8.3 %, while the migration outflow decreased by 56.4 %. Arriving internal migrants is distributed in approximately equal proportions between the urban and rural populations, and most of them leave the countryside. More than 90 % of international migrants arriving in the region are CIS citizens. To a greater extent, people of active working and reproductive age (30–39 years) leave the region. For every man who left the region, there were 3 women who left. The conducted research allows us to prioritize the formation and implementation of the migration policy of the region. The activities aimed at increasing its economic potential are coming to the fore. Special attention should also be paid to the expansion and improvement of infrastructure in the broad sense of the word, conducting systematic monitoring of migration processes, development of regional systems of higher and secondary special education, immigration from abroad of qualified foreign specialists, as well as compatriots wishing to return to their homeland.
First review of recent records of sturgeons and paddlefishes (Acipenseriformes) in the Danube River basin in Slovenia
Authors: Govedič Marijan , Friedrich Thomas
Published: December 2023

We present recent records of sturgeons and paddlefishes from the rivers in Danube basin in Slovenia after 2000. Strictly, only confirmed and unambiguous records (specimen, picture) were taken into account. The sterlet and the Siberian sturgeon have been occasionally found in rivers and Russian sturgeons in gravel pits, while sterlets, Siberian sturgeons, Russian sturgeons and the paddlefish are still farmed in some ponds. The Siberian sturgeons were released in the Mura and Sava River in 2016, but the species is as »exotic pet fish« present in more water bodies. The presence of sturgeons in gravel pits is unknown. The Siberian sturgeon can be relatively easily misidentified with the sterlet, so the catches in the Mura and Sora Rivers in 2009 were misidentified as sterlet, while the Siberian sturgeon was actually captured. The last sterlet in Slovenian rivers was captured in the Drava River in 2001, and even this individual had probably been released in Austria. The occurrence of sturgeons in Slovenian rivers in the last eighteen years does not seem to be connected with migration and revival of natural populations in the lower part of the Drava and Sava Rivers.
Ocena številčnosti populacije velikega/panonskega pupka (Triturus carnifex/dobrogicus) v mrtvici Zaton (Petanjci) ob Muri (SV Slovenija)
Authors: Gorički Špela , Strah Sara , Lužnik Martina
Published: December 2023

In 2018 we estimated the population size of the hybrid population of Italian crested/Danube crested newt (Triturus carnifex/dobrogicus) in the Zaton oxbow lake, Petanjci (Natura 2000 »Mura«, SAC SI3000215 & SCI SI5000010). The Ortmann traps were set in the lake for ten consecutive days during the reproductive season. We used the mark-release-recapture method by comparing photographs of individually specific belly patterns of the trapped newts. The estimated Italian crested/Danube crested newt population size in the Zaton oxbow lake was 2,951 individuals (95 % confidence interval: 2,226–3,977 individuals).
First capture of the greater noctule bat Nyctalus lasiopterus (Schreber, 1780) individuals in Slovenia
Authors: Zidar Simon
Published: December 2023

n/a
Newly discovered vital population of the European pond turtle Emys orbicularis in Prilipe oxbow lakes (SE Slovenia)
Authors: Govedič Marijan , Lipovšek Gregor , Kirbiš Nino , Bizjak Govedič Tea , Vamberger Melita
Published: December 2023

In this study we examined the population of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) in the Prilipe oxbow lakes along the Sava River. The species’ sex and age structure were estimated as well its population size. In the area of approximately 5.9 ha of water surface, 3 individuals were found in 2008 and 70 in 2019, when a more detailed survey was conducted. The population size was estimated at 125 individuals. According to the age structure and confirmed reproduction, the population is recognized as viable. The main threats to the survival of European pond turtles in this area are potential direct interventions into habitat as well as indirect changes such as alterations in flood regime or in groundwater level. Additionally it is threatened by the invasive red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans), the reproduction of which was also confirmed during our survey. Although the studied area meets all conditions for the establishment of the Natura 2000 site, it was not included in this network in 2003 due to lack of knowledge as far as this species was concerned.
The butterfly (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) diversity of Mt. Mosor in Dalmatia, Croatia
Authors: Koren Toni , Burić Ivona , Glavan Gordana , Verovnik Rudi
Published: December 2023

Mosor is a small mountain massif situated in central Dalmatia, above the cities of Split and Omiš. It was never a target of any systematic butterfly surveys, with its fauna remaining almost completely unknown. During our surveys from 2011 to 2020, we recorded 96 butterfly species at 60 localities. With the literature record of Polyommatus ripartii, a total of 97 species are recorded from Mt. Mosor. The comparison with the published lists of the neighbouring lower Mt. Kozjak and much higher Mt. Biokovo revealed that the butterfly richness of Mt. Mosor is intermediate, with 87 and 116 species recorded from those mountains, respectively. The biogeographical composition of all three mountains is, however, similar, with the dominant Euro-Siberian and Euro-Oriental faunistic elements comprising together about 80% of the species. For some species with scarce information for Croatia or Dalmatia, like Papilio alexanor, Zerynthia polyxena, Parnassius mnemosynae, Aricia anteros, Polyommatus escheri, Melitaea aurelia, Proterebia phegea, and Neptis rivularis, new records are discussed.
Larval habitat characteristics of eastern eggar Eriogaster catax (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) in Slovenia
Authors: Zakšek Barbara , Kogovšek Nika , Rebeušek Franc , Govedič Marijan
Published: December 2023

The ecology of the eastern eggar (Eriogaster catax) in Slovenia has not been well characterized to date. Within the framework of this study, focusing on the larval habitat of the species, a total of 489 caterpillar webs found in different areas of Slovenia were recorded and a number of important variables documented. These included the host plant species, the size of the web, the height of the web from the ground, the height of the host plant, the trunk diameter at ground level, the web aspect and the general habitat characteristics. The most important host plants turned out to be blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), with one web found on Pyrus pyraster and one on Amelanchier ovalis. The web sizes varied largely, with the median size reaching 54 cm2. The position and height of the web from the ground was correlated with the height of the plant. Most caterpillar webs (67.4%) were oriented to the south, south-west or south-east. 61.5% of caterpillar webs were recorded in temperate heath and scrubs, with the majority of them found in sub-Mediterranean blackthorn-privet scrub (25.4%), followed by Atlantic and medio-European blackthorn-privet scrub (18.0%) and shrub woodland (13.1%). The present study provides the first insight into the ecology of the eastern eggar in Slovenia, focusing on larval habitat. The characterization of the larval habitat is of particular importance for the conservation of the eastern eggar and its potential habitat in Slovenia.
Results of a clinical trial of humeral neck osteosynthesis with carbon – carbon composite material
Authors: Golovakha M. L. , Chornyi V. V.
Published: December 2023

The metals utilized in the production of various implants in traumatology possess all the required mechanical properties. However, these materials are susceptible to oxidation. Carbon-carbon composites, on the other hand, exhibit X-ray transparency and are easily machinable. Thanks to their intricate yet essential physical, mechanical, and chemical properties, they find effective application in osteosynthesis and endoprosthesis procedures for bone structures.
The aim of this study is to comparative view of the treatment outcomes for patients with fractures of the proximal part of the humerus by carbon-carbon composite material plates and titanium plates.
Materials and methods. In this study, a carbon-carbon composite material plate was conducted osteosynthesis of the proximal part of the shoulder. In the comparison group, a titanium plate was employed. The study group comprised 20 patients, while the comparison group included 15 patients. The analysis of the results was carried out utilizing the Constant–Murley scale and the Quick DASH questionnaire.
Results. A comparative study of treatment outcomes between the main and comparison groups revealed a more significant positive treatment effect in the group that underwent osteosynthesis of the humeral neck by a carbon-carbon composite material plate. This effect was observed at the 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month evaluation points. It was characterized by reduced shoulder pain, alleviated dysfunction manifestations, enhanced daily activities, and improved overall quality of life among patients in this group.
Conclusions. The analysis of long-term treatment outcomes for proximal humerus fractures, utilizing both carbon-carbon composite material plates and titanium plates, by the Constant–Murley scale and the Quick DASH questionnaire, demonstrated statistically confirmed improvements in shoulder joint function for both treatment methods.
Zjawisko autokracji informacyjnej: treść i cechy
Authors: Chulkov Dmitrii
Published: December 2023

Teoria autokracji informacyjnej została stworzona przez rosyjskiego ekonomistę Siergieja Guriewa i amerykańskiego politologa Daniela Treismana. Opisuje rozwój współczesnych reżimów, w których władzę sprawuje monopol informacyjny, cenzura i kooptacja elity informacyjnej. Badanie w tym kontekście dotyczy krajów Europy Wschodniej, Bliskiego Wschodu i Ameryki Łacińskiej. W artykule autor dąży do prześledzenia rozwoju zjawiska autokracji informacyjnej zarówno na terenie Europy Wschodniej (Rosja i Białoruś), jak również do zidentyfikowania pewnych cech tego pojęcia w niektórych krajach Unii Europejskiej.
Utility-Aware Payment Channel Network Rebalance
Authors: Ni Wangze , Chen Pengze , Chen Lei , Cheng Peng , Zhang Chen Jason , Lin Xuemin
Published: December 2023

The payment channel network (PCN) is a promising solution to increase the throughput of blockchains. However, unidirectional transactions can deplete a user's deposits in a payment channel (PC), reducing the success ratio of transactions (SRoT). To address this depletion issue, rebalance protocols are used to shift tokens from well-deposited PCs to under-deposited PCs. To improve SRoT, it is beneficial to increase the balance of a PC with a lower balance and a higher weight (i.e., more transaction executions rely on the PC). In this paper, we define the utility of a transaction and the utility-aware rebalance (UAR) problem. The utility of a transaction is proportional to the weight of the PC and the amount of the transaction, and inversely proportional to the balance of the receiver. To maximize the effect of improving SRoT, UAR aims to find a set of transactions with maximized utilities, satisfying the budget and conservation constraints. The budget constraint limits the number of tokens shifted in a PC. The conservation constraint requires that the number of tokens each user sends equals the number of tokens received. We prove that UAR is NP-hard and cannot be approximately solved with a constant ratio. Thus, we propose two heuristic algorithms, namely Circuit Greedy and UAR_DC. Extensive experiments show that our approaches outperform the existing approach by at least 3.16 times in terms of utilities.
Exploring individual longitudinal development in a corpus of ‘natural’ disciplinary writing: what could it mean for teaching?
Authors: Reppen Randi
Published: December 2023

Two major research issues for longitudinal investigations are the ‘naturalness’ of the learner language being studied, and the extent to which the research design is truly longitudinal. Regarding the first issue, data for longitudinal studies are usually collected in language classrooms or exams, with the writing tasks/topics being tightly controlled. A major disadvantage is that tasks can be unrepresentative of the writing required in disciplinary content courses. The present study analyzes writing development as it occurs ‘naturally’ in university disciplinary content courses, using four complexity features (i.e., finite adverbial clauses, finite relative clauses, attributive adjectives, and nouns as pre-modifiers) with the goal of comparing the kinds of findings in a True-longitudinal approach, a Quasi-longitudinal approach, and a Case study approach. This close examination of writing development that controlled for discipline and task showed an increase in development as measured by these linguistic indicators.
Gorgias and Plato’s
Sophist
Authors: Di Iulio Erminia
Published: December 2023

My aim is to investigate the link between Plato’s Sophist and Gorgias’s treatise On What Is Not. This relationship is worth examining because Gorgias’s treatise constitutes an essential, but insufficiently studied stage in the intellectual journey leading from Parmenides to the Sophist. My claims are that 1) Plato’s agenda in the Sophist perfectly meets the challenges Gorgias raises in the first thesis of his treatise, that 2) this becomes clear once we focus on Gorgias’s and Plato’s respective use of the verb ‘to be’ and, finally, that 3) Plato is able to overcome Parmenides’s impasse precisely because he deals with Gorgias’s treatise.
Senses of Being in Plato’s
Timaeus
Authors: Fronterotta Francesco
Published: December 2023

In this paper I discuss the problem of the meanings of the verb ‘be’ in Plato’s Timaeus. My claim is that, at least in that dialogue, existence emerges as the main and autonomous meaning of the verb ‘be’, contrary to the widespread view first defended in a series of studies by Charles Kahn according to which, in the Greek language and in Plato’s philosophy, the verb ‘be’ basically has a copulative-predicative and, more specifically, a truth-related meaning. I consider and examine some passages from the Timaeus (27d5–28a4, 29b3–c3, 37e3–38b3, 51b7–52a7) where the concept of existence seems to be expressed in a clear and definite way by the use of the verb ‘be.’ I conclude by making some remarks on how we should understand the notion of existence, not least with reference to the problem of truth, within Plato’s philosophy and the Timaeus in particular.
Quantentechnologie und Quantensensorik: Aktuelle Themen der Technologieentwicklung und Transfer in die Anwendung aus Sicht eines nationalen Metrologieinstituts
Authors: Gerster Thomas , Spethmann Nicolas
Published: December 2023

Die rasanten Fortschritte in der Wissenschaft, sowie der technologischen Entwicklung der letzten Jahre ermöglichen es, nun maßgeschneiderte Quanteneffekte auszunutzen und die Kontrolle und Manipulation von einzelnen Quantenteilchen zu ermöglichen. Diese häufig auch als 2. Quantenrevolution bezeichnete Entwicklung erschließt neue, mit klassischen Methoden nicht zugängliche Anwendungsbereiche von der Sensorik und Messtechnik bis zur Quanteninfomationsverarbeitung und Quantenkommunikation. Diese neuartigen Komponenten und Systeme bergen ein großes Potential für eine breite kommerzielle Nutzung und sind daher für die europäische Wirtschaft ein hoch relevanter Zukunftsmarkt. In dieser Einführung soll neben einem kurzen Überblick über das Themenfeld der Quantentechnologien, ein Fokus auf die Grundprinzipien der Quantensensorik und ihren möglichen Anwendungen gelegt werden. Für die Überführung der Quantentechnologien aus dem forschungslabor in robuste und anwenderfreundliche Komponenten und Systeme, sind, neben dem Technologietransfer eng miteinander verzahnte Aktivitäten im Bereich der Standardisierung, Charakterisierung, Zertifizierung und Messtechnik, bis hin zu Themen der Weiterbildung und dem Wissenstransfer in Industrie und Gesellschaft notwendig. Hierzu können in einem ganzheitlichen Ansatz insbesondere die nationalen Metrologieinstitute mit ihrer Bündelung an QT-Infrastruktur und -Expertise in einem gemeinschaftlichen, europäischen Kontext beitragen.
Beyond the Bribe
Authors: Rademacher Heidi E.
Published: December 2023

Greater media and scholarly coverage of corruption and fraud in local-level NGOs in developing countries has brought attention to the complex and often contradictory underbelly of global civil society. The vast majority of social science research on corruption and fraud focuses on governments, corporations, and large-scale organizations. While some scholarship has examined the conditions that allow the proliferation of corruption and fraudulent activities in local-level NGOs, most of this work emerges from the global North and frequently fails to consider the unique conditions of the global South. The first section of this article summarizes foundational theories on corruption and fraud, highlighting their Western standpoint, which can be limiting in the context of developing nations. The second section turns to the contemporary development literature on local-level NGOs in the global South to illustrate why any exploration of corruption and fraud in these organizations must first address their unique circumstances, including globalization and neoliberalism, environments of uncertainty, organizational frames, and national structures of inequality, and how each can create opportunities for corruption and fraud. The review concludes with a case study of alleged corruption and fraud at a local-level NGO in Kathmandu, Nepal, to illustrate the vulnerability of such NGOs and how an integrated approach can provide a better model for understanding the complexities of corruption and fraud in the developing world.
RECONSTRUYENDO ELEMENTOS DE CRÍTICA LITERARIA FEMINISTA EN LA RED: APROXIMACIÓN DIDÁCTICA
Authors: Pujals Pérez Gemma
Published: December 2023

Este artículo tiene como objetivo evidenciar y mostrar al profesorado de literatura que en la red puede encontrar información y elementos educativos que faciliten su tarea didáctica. Se parte de la creencia de que toda educadora o educador que quiera abordar la enseñanza de la literatura desde una perspectiva de género, no puede substraerse al conocimiento de los principios que rigen la crítica literaria feminista. Con esta finalidad, se ha realizado una investigación en internet para poder reconstruir una serie de conceptos clave sobre el tema y elaborar un mapa web de lecturas y recursos adecuados para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del alumnado. Se ofrece también un panorama introductorio de las corrientes críticas teóricas y de algunas de sus principales autoras.
LA EVALUACIÓN MEDIANTE CRITERIOS Y ESTANDARES: APLICACIONES AL ÁREA DE LENGUA Y LITERATURA
Authors: Gómez Picapeo Jesús
Published: December 2023

En este artículo se pone de relieve la importancia de la evaluación en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Los nuevos currículos de Educación Primaria y Educación Secundaria de la LOMCE incluyen criterios de evaluación y estándares de aprendizaje evaluables en todas las áreas de conocimiento. A lo largo del artículo se describen las posibilidades de uso de los criterios y estándares como punto de partida para elaborar y revisar instrumentos de evaluación y calificación. Los ejemplos utilizados se refieren al área de Lengua castellana y Literatura.
DESCUBRIMIENTO DEL VALOR POSICIONAL A TRAVÉS DE LA RESOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS
Authors: Ramírez García Mónica , De Castro Hernández Carlos
Published: December 2023

Estudiamos la comprensión de la decena en un contexto de resolución de problemas, con alumnos de primer curso de educación primaria. Para ello, planteamos problemas de estructura multiplicativa, con grupos de diez, cuya estrategia óptima de resolución implica el conocimiento del valor posicional de números de dos cifras. Los problemas se realizan en un taller semanal a lo largo de todo el curso. Recogemos datos mediante vídeo, entrevistas, hojas de registro y fotografías. En los resultados, destaca la preferencia de los alumnos por el uso de estrategias informales de modelización directa. En menor medida, los niños van incorporando los algoritmos, las estrategias inventadas y el conocimiento del valor posicional para resolver los problemas.
BÚSQUEDA DE VIDA FUERA DEL PLANETA TIERRA: “BANCO” DE ACTIVIDADES PARA EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA
Authors: Casas del Castillo Ricardo
Published: December 2023

En este artículo se presenta un “banco de actividades” para la enseñanza de las Ciencias en ESO. Diferentes estudios propugnan que su enseñanza debiera ser más activa, conectando con los intereses del alumnado. Por otra parte, se percibe como fundamental la necesidad de mejorar la enseñanza del inglés. Siguiendo estas indicaciones, en esta propuesta se integran diferentes metodologías, como el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas o el Aprendizaje Integrado de Lengua y Contenido. Las actividades diseñadas, partiendo de una situación problema que encaja en un marco genérico sobre la búsqueda de vida extraterrestre, abarcan temáticas de interés como el efecto invernadero, el ciclo del agua, o la Astronomía. Se proporciona una descripción detallada de dichas actividades y se hace referencia al material necesario para su implementación.
LA DIVULGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA EN EL MNCN. EL RETO DE INNOVAR EN UN MUSEO CON MÁS DE DOS SIGLOS DE HISTORIA
Authors: López García-Gallo Pilar
Published: December 2023

En la actual sociedad del conocimiento en la que los ciudadanos pueden disponer de un acceso casi ilimitado e inmediato de la información, y procesar y transmitir esta información influye determinadamente en la actividad de las personas tanto en el desarrollo de su economía como en el ocio y en la vida pública, el compromiso de los museos de historia natural es hacer más accesibles sus fondos de colección y mostrar a la sociedad el trabajo de los científicos. Esta labor se realiza a través de sus exposiciones pero se hace más completa, cercana y evidente para el público cuando se realiza además, a través del diseño y puesta en práctica de diferentes actividades, que cada día se desarrollan en este tipo de centros, de manera específica, en función de los intereses y características de los diferentes tipos de público.
CONCEPCIONES ALTERNATIVAS DE LOS ALUMNOS DE EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA SOBRE EL ENLACE QUÍMICO
Authors: González-Felipe M. Esther , Aguirre-Pérez Constancio , Fernández-Cézar Raquel , Vázquez-Moliní Ana María
Published: December 2023

En el presente trabajo se analizan las concepciones alternativas de los alumnos de 4º curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y 1º de Bachillerato sobre el enlace químico. La parte experimental del trabajo consistió en la administración de 101 cuestionarios a alumnos de ambos cursos. Los resultados muestran que, a pesar de que hay matices diferenciales significativos entre cursos analizados, en los dos casos los alumnos presentan dificultades para relacionar los niveles macro y micro de la química, y por tanto, para llegar a comprender y relacionar las propiedades macroscópicas de las sustancias con el tipo de unión que presentan las partículas (átomos, iones y moléculas) a nivel microscópico.
NÚCLEOS DE PESQUISA NA ESCOLA: POSSIBILIDADES DE MUDANÇAS DIDÁTICAS E PRÁTICAS DE ENSINO DOS PROFESSORES
Authors: Ritter Jaqueline , Avila de Vasconcelos Andréia Rosa , Umpierre Andréa Borges , Chibiaque Francieli Martins , Maldaner Otávio Aloísio
Published: December 2023

Este trabajo presenta resultados de las primeras producciones curriculares de profesores de Educación Básica después de la implantación de Centros de Investigación en la Escuela (NPE), un proyecto piloto que pretende estimular el desarrollo de contenidos escolares a través de una situación de estudio (ES). Asociaciones con la universidad a través de un grupo de investigación - Grupo de Educación Química en Producción Curricular (GEQPC) - presentan potencial teórico-metodológico capaz de apuntar nuevos abordajes curriculares. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar en las narrativas de los profesores evidencias de cambios en sus prácticas de enseñanza cuando participan de la NPE en la escuela y son acompañados por el grupo de investigación GEQPC. Se presentan los primeros resultados que indican que el NPE es fundamental en los cambios didácticos y en las prácticas de enseñanza de los profesores.
Development of Scholarship Core Competencies for Pediatric Hospital Medicine Fellowship Programs
Authors: Thomson Joanna E. , Rassbach Caroline E. , Shah Neha , Walker Jacqueline , Wilson Karen , Shah Samir S. , Jerardi Karen
Published: December 2023

The Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) Fellowship Directors, recent fellowship graduates, and senior leaders in PHM have long identified training in scholarly activities as a key educational priority for fellowship training programs. We led a 2-day conference funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to develop scholarship core competencies for PHM fellows. Participants included fellowship directors, national experts in PHM research, and representatives from key stakeholder organizations. Through engagement in large group presentations and small group iterative feedback and editing, participants created and refined a set of scholarship core competencies. After the conference, goals and objectives were edited and harmonized by conference leaders incorporating feedback from conference participants. Core competency development included 7 domains: (1) study design and execution, (2) data management, (3) principles of analytics, (4) critical appraisal of the medical literature, (5) ethics and responsible conduct of research, (6) peer review, dissemination, and funding, and (7) professionalism and leadership. Specific objectives for each goal were further organized into 3 levels to indicate core skills for all fellowship trainees (level 1), specialized and specific skills determined by fellow scholarly focus (level 2), and advanced skills for fellows interested in a clinical investigator career path (level 3). These newly developed scholarship core competencies provide a foundation for curricular development and implementation to ensure that the field continues to expand academically, given the 2-year training period and variable infrastructure across programs.
¿A dónde va la enseñanza literaria?
Authors: Garayalde Nicolás
Published: December 2023

La ciencia de la literatura que emergió a finales del siglo XIX configuró una enseñanza literaria enmarcada en la cultura del comentario, cuyo rasgo sobresaliente fue la división de lenguajes, pues la disertación no debía estar escrita en la forma de su objeto. Esta división de lenguajes condujo a una instrumentalización de la literatura, donde el texto literario se usa para reproducir un saber ya sabido. En las últimas décadas, como reacción a esta enseñanza, han surgido pedagogías (humanistas o del placer) que pretenden un contacto directo con la obra, despojado de teoría. Me parece que son pedagogías que se precipitan hacia formas de conocimiento epistemológicamente ingenuas. En consecuencia, como se propone en este ensayo, la enseñanza literaria debería avanzar hacia una enseñanza articulada en dos dimensiones: 1) una epistemología de la lectura; 2) una enseñanza de la escritura de la lectura que retorne a la cultura retórica.
Characteristics of clinical manifestations of allergy in correlation with cow’s milk-sIgE components in children – preliminary reports
Authors: Rustecka Agnieszka , Lipińska-Opałka Agnieszka , Tomaszewska Agata , Synowiec Agnieszka Edyta , Paryż Maria , Będzichowska Agata
Published: December 2023

Background: Cow’s milk, which is one of the first foods in human life, is also one of the most common causes of food allergy in infants and young children, as well as anaphylaxis in the youngest population. Thanks to component diagnostics, it is possible to accurately determine the concentrations of antibodies specific to individual milk proteins. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the cow’s milk component-specific IgE and the type of clinical manifestation of allergy. Materials and methods: Eighteen children with documented IgE-mediated allergy to cow’s milk proteins were enrolled in the study. Blood samples (2 mL) were collected from each patient for component diagnostics using the ALEX test. Results: The antibodies that were most frequently found among the children with cow’s milk allergy were antibodies against casein (Bos d 8). There were no statistically significant relationships between the clinical symptoms and the levels of individual components. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the concentration of α-lactalbumin (Bos d 4) and the duration of clinical symptoms of allergy to cow’s milk protein. Conclusions: The results of our study indicate that the most common component is casein (Bos d 8). The relationship between the sensitisation to other components and clinical symptoms requires further research, which is currently being conducted.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the attitude of parents to the use of vitamin K in newborns for prevention of bleeding due to vitamin K deficiency
Authors: Dziedzic Katarzyna , Jakubowska-Pietkiewicz Elżbieta
Published: December 2023

Introduction and objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the global healthcare system and all aspects of medical education. In this study, the knowledge of parents about the prophylactic use of vitamin K in newborns and infants, and the method of prophylaxis of vitamin K deficiency bleeding was assessed. Materials and methods: Data for the study were collected by conducting an online survey of 232 parents. They were assigned to two groups: group 1, responding before the COVID-19 pandemic, and group 2, responding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Vitamin K was administered intramuscularly in 99% of cases in group 1 and 57% in group 2 (significant relationship – p < 0.001). Half of group 2 mistakenly thought that vitamin K was given orally after childbirth. This answer was given by 20% of people from group 1 (p < 0.001). Conversely, the correct answer (intramuscular injection) was given by 52% of respondents in group 1 and 46% in group 2. More parents in the pre-pandemic group knew the symptoms of vitamin K deficiency in the body (54% vs. 25%; p = 0.006), when compared to the parents surveyed during the pandemic. Almost half of group 2 (46%) and 23% of group 1 also reported that oral vitamin K supplementation is recommended after childbirth (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the study, it can be concluded that parents’ knowledge of the prevention of vitamin K deficiency is low. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an adverse effect on the public awareness and education regarding vitamin K deficiency bleeding prophylaxis commonly used in Poland. There is a link between the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and parents’ perspectives on the intramuscular administration of vitamin K for the purpose of preventing deficiency.
A política de criação dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia
Authors: Carvalho Gisele Francisca da Silva , Lopes Daniel Pereira
Published: December 2023

Este artigo tem o objetivo de destacar e discutir elementos de potencial contra-hegemônico presentes na lei de criação dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFs) por meio da análise de bibliografias sobre o tema e documentos oficiais. Os resultados encontrados indicaram a presença dos seguintes elementos a) a interiorização e a verticalização; b) o ingresso dos profissionais via concurso público; c) o processo formativo que envolve a pesquisa e a extensão; d) a assistência estudantil. Concluímos que a política pública educacional em questão possui grande potencial para a formação ampla e de qualidade social de sujeitos que ainda não tinham sido alcançados por políticas educacionais desse porte, ainda que a política e os elementos discutidos por si só não garantam tal tipo de formação.
Validation of genetic risk scores for type 2 diabetes on a Russian population sample from the biobank of the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
Authors: Kiseleva A. V. , Soplenkova A. G. , Kutsenko V. A. , Sotnikova E. A. , Vyatkin Yu. V. , Zharikova А. A. , Ershova A. I. , Zaichenoka M. , Ramensky V. E. , Skirko O. P. , Smetnev S. А. , Kopylova O. V. , Limonova А. S. , Blokhina A. V. , Pokrovskaya M. S. , Shalnova S. A. , Meshkov A. N. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: December 2023

Aim. To validate and evaluate the accuracy of 14 genetic risk scores (GRSs) for type 2 diabetes (T2D), created earlier in other countries, using a Russian population sample from the biobank of the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine.

Material and methods. For genetic analysis, next generation sequencing data was used on a sample from the Russian population (n=1165) based on the biobank collection. The study included 14 GRSs associated with T2D.

Results. The study demonstrated that the predictive power of 12 out of 14 GRSs for T2D was replicated in the Russian population. As quality metrics, we used the area under the ROC curve, which for models including only GRS varied from 54,49 to 59,46%, and for models including GRS, sex and age — from 77,56 to 78,75%.

Conclusion. For the first time in Russia, a study of 14 T2D GRSs developed on other populations was conducted. Twelve GRSs have been validated and can be used in the future to improve risk prediction and prevention of T2D in Russia.