bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A BERT's Eye View: A Big Data Framework for Assessing Language Convergence and Accommodation
Authors: Rosen Zachary P
Published: May 2022

The current paper details a novel quantitative framework leveraging recent advances in AI and Natural Language Processing to quantitatively assess language convergence and accommodation. This new framework is computationally cheap and straightforward to implement. The framework is then applied to a case study of immigration rhetoric in the lead up to the 2016 general election in the USA. Major results from the case study show that (1) Democrats and Republicans exhibited significant language convergence with members of their own parties, (2) President Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton converged with Senate Democrats’ immigration rhetoric, (3) Democrats accommodated the immigration rhetoric of both President Barack Obama and (candidate) Hillary Clinton, (4) contrary to initial hypotheses, Donald Trump's vitriolic immigration rhetoric did not show signs of language convergence with Republicans in the Senate, and (5) equally surprising, Senate Republicans showed significant non-accommodation to Donald Trump despite potential political costs for having done so.
Broadening the Definition of Socially Responsible Marketing
Authors: Ferrell Linda , Ferrell O.C.
Published: May 2022

Laczniak and Shultz developed a literature informed macro and normative definition of socially responsible marketing (SRM) that provides a stage for constructive engagement. The elements of the definition include: corporate citizenship, stakeholder orientation and social/ecological sustainability. While the definition is excellent, we focus on the organizational context of SRM. For a normative definition to be of value in research and practice, a micro and positive-descriptive approach is essential in implementing SRM. The Laczniak and Shultz definition provides a foundation and is not in conflict with an instrumental view of SRM. We reconcile the instrumental and normative approaches to SRM and find these perspectives to be congruent.
The Global North/South Inequalities in the IR Discipline: Some Reflections and Insights
Authors: Oztig Lacin I.
Published: May 2022

Global South scholars have a lot to offer to the IR discipline in terms of new ways of producing knowledge. However, there is a huge difference between the Global North and the Global South in terms of knowledge production in the discipline. The US and Western Europe take the lead in IR research. There is also a vast inequality within the Global South. Some Global South regions are more integrated with the global IR community and more visible in IR journals, while other regions are almost invisible. This commentary provides a glimpse into the dynamics of knowledge production and discusses the ways in which the Global South could be more integrated to the global IR community.
Gauging Public Attitudes and Preferences Toward a Hypothetical Future Public Shared Automated Vehicle System: Examining the Roles of Gender, Race, Income, and Health
Authors: Wexler Noah , Fan Yingling
Published: May 2022

We use data from an originally designed survey instrument administered in the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area to gauge general attitudes and design preferences for a hypothetical shared automated vehicle (SAV) system. Design considerations include seating, payment and booking logistics, security, and extra space and amenities. We pay particular attention to the role of gender, race, health, and income in shaping these attitudes and preferences. Specifically, we use multiple regression models to uncover general willingness-to-use SAV technology, finding that women are overall less comfortable with the technology, Black and Hispanic participants are more willing to pay for SAV technology and generally display lower magnitude preferences for design considerations. Although results are mixed in both sets of analysis for health status, higher income individuals display higher willingness to pay and higher magnitude preferences for design considerations.
H-loop Knotless Double-Row Repair Versus Knotted Suture Bridge for Rotator Cuff Tears: A Biomechanical and Histological Study in an Animal Model
Authors: Guo Jiang , Long Yi , Zhou Min , He Zhang-Hai , Zeng Wei-Ke , Yu Meng-Lei , Yamuhanmode Alike , Tang Yi-Yong , Li Fang-Qi , Meng Ke , Hou Jing-Yi , Yang Rui
Published: May 2022

Background:

Knotted suture bridge repair (KSBR) has been widely proven to be an effective method for rotator cuff repairs. However, the occurrence of type 2 failure after suture bridge repair remains a frequent problem because of the stress concentration and disturbance of tendon perfusion in the medial row. The authors have developed the H-loop knotless double–row repair (HLDR) to counteract these problems.

Purpose:

To compare the biomechanical and histological outcomes of HLDR and KSBR for rotator cuff tear in the rabbit model.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Acute bilateral supraspinatus tears were created on the shoulders of 46 New Zealand White rabbits. HLDR and KSBR were randomly performed on the left side or right side. Thirteen animals each were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery (n = 39), with 6 rabbits used for histological evaluation and the other 7 rabbits for biomechanical testing. The remaining 7 animals from the original 46 were only used for initial biomechanical evaluation at week 0.

Results:

Macroscopically, all repaired tendons were connected to their footprint on the greater tuberosity without postoperative complications at 8 weeks after surgery. The HLDR group had significantly better histological bone–to–tendon integration compared with the KSBR group in terms of fibrocartilage regeneration, collagen composition, and fiber organization. The biomechanical outcomes in the HLDR group were demonstrated to be better than those of the KSBR group at time 0 and 8 weeks after surgery.

Conclusion:

Both repair techniques were effective for rotator cuff tears in a rabbit rotator cuff tear model; however, HLDR demonstrated more advantages in improving biomechanical properties and histological tendon–to–bone healing compared with KSBR.

Clinical Relevance:

This animal study suggested that HLDR might be an alternative choice for rotator cuff tears in humans to increase tendon–to–bone healing and reduce the rate of failure to heal.
Personalized Medicine Using Predictive Analytics: A Machine Learning-Based Prognostic Model for Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Domb Benjamin G. , Ouyang Vivian W. , Go Cammille C. , Gornbein Jeffrey A. , Shapira Jacob , Meghpara Mitchell B. , Maldonado David R. , Lall Ajay C. , Rosinsky Philip J.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Personalized medicine models to predict outcomes of orthopaedic surgery are scarce. Many have required data that are only available postoperatively, mitigating their usefulness in preoperative decision making.

Purpose:

To establish a method for predictive modeling to enable individualized prognostication and shared decision making based on preoperative patient factors using data from a prospective hip preservation registry.

Study Design:

Cohort study (Prognosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Preoperative data of 2415 patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome between February 2008 and November 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Two machine-learning analyses were evaluated: Tree-structured survival analysis (TSSA) and Cox proportional hazards modeling for predicting time to event and for computing hazard ratios for survivorship after hip arthroscopy. The Fine-Gray model was similarly used for repeat hip arthroscopy. Variables were selected for inclusion using the minimum Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The stepwise selection was used for the Cox and Fine-Gray models. A web-based calculator was created based on the final models.

Results:

Prognostic models were successfully created using Cox proportional hazards modeling and Fine-Gray models for survivorship and repeat hip arthroscopy, respectively. The Harrell C-statistics of the Cox model calculators for survivorship after hip arthroscopy and the Fine-Gray model for repeat hip arthroscopy were 0.848 and 0.662, respectively. Using the AIC, 13 preoperative variables were identified as predictors of survivorship, and 6 variables were identified as predictors for repeat hip arthroscopy. In contrast, the TSSA model performed poorly, resulting in a Harrell C-statistic <0.6, rendering it inaccurate and not interpretable. A web-based calculator was created based on these models.

Conclusion:

This study successfully created an institution-specific machine learning–based prognostic model for predictive analytics in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy. Prognostic models to predict survivorship and the need for repeat surgeries were both adapted into web-based tools to assist the physician with shared decision making. This prognostic model may be useful at other institutions after performing external validation. Additionally, this study may serve as proof of concept for a methodology for the development of patient-specific prognostic models. This methodology may be used to create other predictive analytics models in different realms of orthopaedic surgery, contributing to the evolution from evidence-based medicine to personalized medicine.
Mental health status of medical laboratory professionals
Authors: Djukic Brandon , Nielsen Christine
Published: May 2022

Although job satisfaction remains high, Medical Laboratory Technologists (MLTs) and Medical Laboratory Assistants (MLAs) are experiencing increased levels of burnout and emotional exhaustion as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress levels have increased by nearly 10% since 2018, and emotional exhaustion has increased by 14%. We are seeing a rise in non-specific serious psychological distress contributing to a reduction in capacity to perform work. Staff capacity being critical as laboratory testing resumes normal operations in the wake of the global pandemic. Herein, we discuss our findings and efforts to address these challenges. We emphasize the need to increase domestic training program capacity, including clinical placements, and work to create sustainable programs for international, foreign-trained MLTs to join our workforce to ensure a manageable level of workload and reduction in stress.
International Expansion and Firm Growth in Domestic Markets: Family Versus Non-Family Firms
Authors: Zona Fabio , Bannò Mariasole , Coller Graziano
Published: May 2022

This study examines the effects of international expansion on domestic growth in family firms (FFs) versus non-FFs. Integrating international business research into socioemotional wealth (SEW) theory, we argue that FFs seek to compensate for SEW losses (as implied by foreign direct investments) with SEW gains (associated with domestic growth). We claim that FFs are less prone to substitute home businesses with foreign activities and more likely to move back resources to foster domestic growth. Geographical diversification and modes of entry foster FFs’ domestic growth to an even greater extent. A test conducted on Italian firms supports these hypothesized effects.
Developing or Degrading Young Workers? How Business Strategy and the Labour Process Shape Job Quality across Different Industrial Sectors in England
Authors: Yates Edward
Published: May 2022

This article explores variations in job quality for young workers by analysing six employers across three industrial sectors of Greater Manchester, an English city-region. Four aspects of job quality are examined because of their centrality in shaping how youth labour-power is deployed in the labour process: technological utilisation, work-rate, autonomy and discretion, and opportunities for training and career progression. Primary data were collected from 30 semi-structured interviews with business owners, managers, young workers and from workplace observations. Findings reveal job quality is high in advanced manufacturing and creative and digital sectors, but low in business services. Job quality is shaped by the nature of commodity production and accompanying labour process. Development or degradation of young workers in the labour process depends largely on the requirements of the employer, as few countervailing pressures exist. Training provision improves job quality, but demand-side interventions are required to generate sustainable good jobs for young workers.
Design of a real-time three-axis controller for contour error reduction based on model predictive control
Authors: Kang Zhong-Jian , Zhao Kai , Li Shurong , Liu Zhe
Published: May 2022

The machining accuracy is mainly indicated by the contour error especially in high-precision processing. Previously, scholars have proposed many controllers to reduce contour errors in real-time machining, such as the cross coupling controller and sliding mode controller. In this paper, we propose a controller based on model predictive control (MPC), and the contour error caused during path tracking can be effectively reduced by this controller. First of all, for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) tool paths, their contour errors are deduced based on coordinate system transform. Second, the MPC-based controller is designed with the state-space discrete model of a machine tool. The contour error is regarded as a constraint during receding optimization. These are reasons why the presented control scheme is adapted with both bi-axis and three-axis machine tools. Furthermore, in order to improve the efficiency of receding optimization, the contour error of a 3D curve is simplified. Subsequently, the optimization problem is transformed into the standard form of quadratic programming. Finally, a 2D tool path and a 3D tool path are machined to test the proposed controller. Simulations and experiments show satisfactory results which indicate effectiveness of the proposed method.
Occupying the streets, occupying words. Reframing new feminisms through reappropriation
Authors: Romano Manuela
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a Critical and Socio-Cognitive analysis of protest discourse as created in slogans for feminist rallies taking place in Spain (2017–2020). The study focuses on the discursive evolution of the term manada (‘wolfpack’), from its origins as a metonymy to refer to a gang rape taking place in the San Fermín bullfighting celebration of July 2016, to its reappropriation by feminists to bring attention to gender violence and, most importantly, to create a positive in-group identity of cohesion and empowerment, while delegitimizing and dispossessing the out-group, rapists, of their power. The analysis shows how reappropriation, together with recontextualization and multimodal creativity, helps to understand the impact of a single term, manada, in the transformation of the traditional discourse of fear and threat into one of solidarity and hope when addressing gender violence, as well as its effects on the constructions of new cognitive and social frames within the community.
Loan Repayment Dynamics of Self-help Groups in India
Authors: Muduli Silu , Sharma Manu
Published: May 2022

The overall ratio of non-performing assets (NPAs) to total advances (the NPA ratio) extended to self-help groups (SHGs) has historically remained below 8 per cent in India. However, in the central, northern, and north-eastern regions of India, this ratio is relatively high and has remained above 15 per cent since 2015–2016. Using state-level data, the study identifies SHG-specific and state-specific factors that might be responsible for higher NPAs ratios. It also examines whether higher NPAs constrain access to future credit. Spatial analysis confirms the existence of geographical clustering of NPAs in the northern and central regions of the country. SHGs with lower outstanding loans and lower savings are more likely to default, the relationship being stronger in states with higher NPAs. The article finds that states with higher SHGs densities, per capita incomes, and road and railway connectivity, and lower infant mortality rates have lower NPAs in their SHGs. SHGs with lower savings and higher NPAs operating in states with lower per capita incomes and banking penetration face difficulties accessing fresh credits.

JEL Codes: G21, O18, R51
Equalisation Transfers Based on Spending Needs and Fiscal Capacity of State Governments in India
Authors: Shanmugam K. , Shanmugam K. R.
Published: May 2022

This study addresses an important policy issue pertaining to the determination of equalisation transfers to Indian states. It empirically estimates the effect of transfers on the expenditures of 29 Indian states using panel data methodology. It also determines transfers based on the spending needs and fiscal capacities of states. The results indicate a strong crowding-in effect of transfers on the public spending of states and the presence of the flypaper effect. Fiscal transfers relate positively to revenue expenditures in 13 out of 18 general category states and in 8 out of 11 special category states. The estimated amounts of equalisation transfers for all 29 states in four alternative scenarios, based on alternative benchmarks of fiscal capacities and spending needs, range between ₹555 billion and ₹16,048 billion. We believe these results will help policymakers and other stakeholders to design appropriate fiscal transfer strategies such that all citizens can avail a standard level of public services in India.

JEL Codes: H77, H73, H72, C23
How natural environments influence traditional sports and games: A mixed methods study from China
Authors: Zuo Yifan , Qiu Qihang , Hu Tianlong , Zhang Jie
Published: May 2022

This study explores complex relationships between the formation and development of traditional sports and games (TSGs) and the natural environment by adopting a mixed method of two studies. First, taking 1356 TSGs as cases, Study 1 uses spatial analysis to explore the representation, connotation, and source of the relationship between TSGs and natural environment factors. Second, Study 2 uses grounded theory to analyze 149 official declaration documents of TSGs and extracts 36 initial concepts, 12 subcategories, and 4 core categories, from which a theoretical framework of the formation process model of TSGs is constructed. The findings illustrate that the formation and development of TSGs are not completely determined by the natural environment but are derived from a combination of factors such as survival values, beliefs, attitudes, and the natural environment. On one hand, when the natural environment is considered an external factor of society, TSGs are directly affected by it. On the other hand, when the natural environment is considered an internal factor of society, it can only interact with people's beliefs and attitudes and indirectly accelerate or delay TSG formation and development. Research results provide both theoretical and practice implications in the safeguarding of TSGs.
A novel magnetorheological braking system with variable magnetic particle volume fractioncontrolled by utilizing shape memory alloy
Authors: Xiong Yang , Huang Jin
Published: May 2022

To address the shortcomings of decreasing shear yield stress of magnetorheological fluid due to temperature increase, magnetic saturation phenomenon under the action of a strong magnetic field, and decreasing performance of magnetorheological brake due to magnetic particle settling, a braking system of variable particle volume fraction of magnetorheological fluid modulated by shape memory alloy spring is proposed, which solves the shortcomings of constant particle volume fraction magnetorheological brakes. The brake temperature rises and automatically increases the volume fraction of magnetorheological fluid, leading to increase in the braking torque and ensuring stable braking performance at high temperatures. The magnetorheological fluid particle settling stability is enhanced, and energy consumption at idle is reduced. Based on the shape memory effect of shape memory alloy, the relationship between the output displacement of shape memory alloy spring and temperature, squeezing pressure and volume fraction of magnetic particles is established. Based on the microscopic body-centered tetragonal structure of magnetorheological fluid, the relationship between the volume fraction of magnetic particles and the magnetic permeability of magnetorheological fluid was established. Based on the rheological characteristics of magnetorheological fluid, the relationship between the braking torque of magnetorheological fluid and the magnetic permeability and the volume fraction of magnetic particles is established; and the finite element method was applied to simulate and analyze it. The results show that the magnetic permeability increases with the increase of the volume fraction of magnetic particles and the braking torque increase with the increase of the volume fraction of magnetic particles during the evolution of the magnetorheological fluid microstructure from single chain to body-centered tetragonal structure. When the volume fraction of magnetic particles in the magnetorheological fluid increased from 15% to 45%, the magnetorheological brake torque increased to 10.1N·m, and the braking performance of the magnetorheological brake improved by 14.3%. The experimental and theoretical analyses provide a theoretical basis for the design and manufacture of magnetorheological fluid brakes with variable particle volume fractions.
Correlation Between ApoE Gene Polymorphism and LEAD in Patients with T2DM That are of Han Nationality in Northern China
Authors: Liu Xiao , Zhou Huimin , Li Xinyi , Zhang Rui , Zhao Chenxu , Zhou Yaru , Xu Shunjiang
Published: May 2022

To investigate the correlation between ApoE gene polymorphism and the risk of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) in T2DM patients of Han nationality in northern China. One hundred and fifty patients with T2DM and 150 patients with T2DM combined with LEAD were enrolled in the study and assigned to the control group and the case group, respectively. The results revealed that the number of epsilon 2 (ε2) genotype carriers in the case group was significantly lower than that in the control group (case vs control: 8.0% vs 15.4%), and the distribution of the ε2 allele frequency was similar to that of the genotype (case vs control: 4.0% vs 8.4%). A binary logistic regression analysis revealed that age, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and gender were risk factors for T2DM with LEAD and that the ApoE ε2 carriers was a protective factor (odds ratio [OR] 0.380; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.162-0.892; P = .026). In male subjects, ε2 carriers were more common in the control group (case vs control:7.8% vs 24.1%), while epsilon 4 (ε4) carriers were more common in the case group (case vs control: 23.3% vs 8.6%); the distribution of frequency of ε2 and ε4 alleles was more common in the control group and the case group, respectively (case vs control: 3.9% vs 12.1%, 12.8% vs 5.2%). In male, age and WHR were risk factors for the disease, and being an ε2 carrier was a protective factor. Being an ApoE gene ε2 carrier is a protective factor for LEAD in male patients with T2DM that are of Han nationality in northern China.
The Development and Acceptability of a Comprehensive Crisis Prevention Program for Implementation in Health Care Settings
Authors: Bernstein Alec M. , Clark Seth B. , Pattishall Amy E. , Morris Claudia R. , McCarter Andrea , Muething Colin S. , Pavlov Alexis C. , Chun Thomas , Call Nathan A.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Behavioral crises are increasingly prevalent in health care settings. Existing programs, however, include procedures that lack adaptability, omit critical components, and deviate from clinical best-practice recommendations. Health care employees also continue to report lacking confidence for safely managing behavioral crises.

Aims

We described the development and acceptability of a comprehensive crisis prevention program and its modification for a large pediatric health care system to help remediate the limitations of existing programs.

Method

Chi-square analyses evaluated the acceptability of the crisis prevention program pre- versus post-training and at 3- and 6-month follow-up times. For insignificant outcomes, logistical regressions identify whether responses differed between emergency-department and nonemergency-department employees.

Results

Chi-square analyses were significant for 10 of 15 questions suggesting that employees were more confident in managing and communicating during behavioral crises post-training, and that this confidence was maintained. Logistic regressions found that emergency-department employees differed in some responses to the acceptability questionnaire than nonemergency-department employees over time

Conclusion

The present crisis prevention program is adaptable to various settings and patients, and it is well received overall by employees. The safety of patients and employees is integral to the delivery of quality care and improving patient-provider relations.
On Power’s Doorstep: Gays, Jews, and Liminal Complicity in Reproducing Masculine Domination
Authors: Shapiro Andrew J.
Published: May 2022

This article explores the gender complexities of men caught between social power and powerlessness. Specifically, I consider the cases of Jewish men and gay men in the late modern West, two demographics with deep historic ties to both abjection and privilege. Such "in-between-ness” steers many, especially those who are white, cisgender, and/or otherwise privileged, toward what I term liminal complicity, a normative adaptation whereby men embrace manly ideals while disavowing femininity in themselves and others. I synthesize cultural, interactionist, and psychoanalytic literatures on stigma, boundaries, and gender practice to articulate liminal complicity as both an emotional retreat from stigmatization and a rational means of accruing status and redrawing social boundaries. I conduct a comparative-historical analysis of gendered discourses and practices at different historical junctures to show how analogous processes of (1) normative identification, (2) self-transformation, and (3) distinction from and (4) aggression toward feminized others enable historically subordinated men to elevate themselves without disrupting broader systems of domination.
The Effect of Wearable and Smartphone Applications on Physical Activity, Quality of Life, and Cardiovascular Health Outcomes in Overweight/Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Dehghan Ghahfarokhi Amin , Vosadi Elham , Barzegar Hamed , Saatchian Vahid
Published: May 2022

Background

Advances in the device and smartphone technology have resulted in a convenient option for providing physical activity strategies; this is especially important during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Objective

The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of wearable and smartphone-based interventions to promote physical activity and improve quality of life and cardiovascular health outcomes among overweight/obese adults.

Data sources

We searched relevant databases up to 18 November 2021 for conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials lasting 4 or more weeks that investigated the impacts of wearables and smartphone applications on physical activity, quality of life and health outcomes.

Results

Twenty-six studies including 2373 participants were included. There was a significant pooled standard mean differences (SMD) for the comparison between intervention versus control in steps per day (SMD: 0.54; p = 0.0003), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (SMD: 0.47; p = 0.02), quality of life (SMD: 0.33; p = 0.0006), body weight (mean difference (MD), -1.61 kg; p = 0.009), and BMI (MD, -0.59 kg/m2; p = 0.04). There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and resting heart rate (all p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that wearable and smartphone-based interventions are effective strategies in promoting physical activity and can provide a direct contact line to health professionals.
Re-theorizing the progress of women in policing: An alternative perspective from the Global South
Authors: Carrington Kerry , Rodgers Jess , Sozzo Máximo , Puyol María Victoria
Published: May 2022

Women’s entry into policing, a traditionally masculine occupation, has been theorized almost entirely through a liberal feminist theoretical lens where equality with men is the end target. From this theoretical viewpoint, women’s police stations in the Global South established specifically to respond to gender violence have been conceptualized as relics from the past. We argue that this approach is based on a global epistemology that privileges the Global North as the normative benchmark from which to define progress. Framed by southern criminology, we offer an alternative way of theorizing the progress of women in policing using women’s police stations that emerged in Latin America in the 1980s, specifically those in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
“He/his/she/her/father/mother/son/daughter”: A critical reflection of reproductions of cis-normativity and cis-dominance in preparing qualitative data for analysis
Authors: Liegghio Maria , Sloos Renée , Fantin Skyler , Ciordas Hannah
Published: May 2022

In this research note, we present a critical moment we had as a research team in our work preparing qualitative data for its analysis in which an unanticipated social justice issue was triggered. The moment was related to determining the best ways to anonymize the information—in particular, how to replace what were perceived as “male” and “female” gendered names, family relationships, and roles with the labels of “she/her/mother/daughter” or “he/his/father/son”. The paper begins with a review of the main “do’s and don’ts” of data preparation, followed by our reflections of the social justice issue. Through our differently positioned reflections, we complicate the task of data preparation by revealing the ways in which cis-dominance is upheld by cis-normativity, cis-genderism, and heteronormativity. We end with recommendations for practices that uphold the values and goals of social justice by resisting cis-dominance and challenging the erasures of peoples with fluid genders and identities.
Waveform covariance imaging for Lamb wave phased array
Authors: Xu Caibin , Hu Ning , Deng Mingxi
Published: May 2022

The amplitude and the phase information are both important for damage localization in Lamb wave–based structural health monitoring and non-destructive testing. Most previous studies in Lamb wave imaging are only based on either the amplitude or phase of the signal at the time of flight. In this study, a post-processing technique for Lamb wave phased array imaging is proposed for isotropic plates, which simultaneously utilizes both the amplitude and phase information within a small neighborhood centered at the time of flight. In the proposed imaging algorithm, a modified virtual time reversal is firstly implemented to compensate for dispersion and the amplitude decrease caused by wave diffusion. Then the waveform covariance between any two processed wave packets, which contains information of both amplitude and phase, is used as the indicator of the presence of damage. Finally, adaptive weights based on minimum variance are introduced to weight and sum the waveform covariance for damage imaging. Based on a uniform circular array, experimental results on an aluminum plate with three defects verify that the proposed algorithm is capable of localizing multiple defects, suppressing background noise and main lobe width.
Reflections on Applying Institutional Ethnography in Participatory Weight Stigma Research with Young Women
Authors: Ferdinands Alexa R. , McHugh Tara-Leigh F. , Storey Kate , Raine Kim D.
Published: May 2022

Inspired by consciousness-raising practices of North American second-wave feminism, Dorothy Smith developed institutional ethnography (IE) as an alternative to established sociology, which she argued objectified people and their experiences. Instead, IE begins from an embodied standpoint to examine how local phenomena are coordinated to happen by ruling relations from afar. In this article, we present methodological insights from our experiences of applying IE, informed by principles of participatory research, in Alberta, Canada to examine the challenges young women (aged 15–21) in larger bodies face while navigating their everyday lives. We begin by exploring current discussions in the burgeoning field of IE, including how IE’s social ontology aligns with participatory approaches to research. Contextualized by our public health backgrounds, we then describe how we used IE to study how the work of growing up in a larger body is socially organized, interpreting work generously as any task requiring thought and intention. Between March-December 2019, we conducted 14 individual interviews and facilitated 5 working group meetings with a subset of interview participants. Discussions during the working group meetings were structured by an adapted critical analysis framework to prompt participants in questioning taken-for-granted assumptions around weight and health. As part of this working group, we developed knowledge mobilization materials (infographics and an open letter) for parents, educators, and healthcare providers about how to navigate weight-related issues with young people, grounded in participants’ experiential knowledge. We specifically reflect on how IE was a valuable tool for addressing four principles of participatory research central to this study: go beyond “do no harm”; provide opportunities for giving feedback; create space for critical engagement; and bring knowledge mobilization to the fore. Overall, our experiences suggest value in IE as a pragmatic, flexible approach to public health research, offering unique methodological tools which keep research participants in view.
Corticosteroid-free efficacy and safety outcomes in patients receiving tofacitinib in the OCTAVE Sustain maintenance study
Authors: Vavricka Stephan R. , Greuter Thomas , Cohen Benjamin L. , Reinisch Walter , Steinwurz Flavio , Fellmann Marc , Guo Xiang , Lawendy Nervin , Paulissen Jerome , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent
Published: May 2022

Background:

Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we report steroid-free efficacy and safety with tofacitinib among patients with UC who received corticosteroids at baseline of the maintenance study (OCTAVE Sustain).

Methods:

This analysis included patients with clinical response following OCTAVE Induction 1 and 2 who were re-randomized to receive placebo, or tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily (b.d.), in OCTAVE Sustain for 52 weeks and were receiving corticosteroids at OCTAVE Sustain baseline. Corticosteroid tapering was mandatory during OCTAVE Sustain. Rates of steroid-free remission, endoscopic improvement, and clinical response were assessed, stratified by baseline characteristics. Adverse events (AEs) were stratified by treatment and steroid-free remission status.

Results:

Overall, 289/593 patients had corticosteroid use at OCTAVE Sustain baseline. At week 52, steroid-free remission, endoscopic improvement, and clinical response rates were 10.9%, 11.9%, and 17.8% among patients receiving placebo, 27.7%, 29.7%, and 40.6% among patients receiving tofacitinib 5 mg b.d., and 27.6%, 29.9%, and 43.7% among patients receiving tofacitinib 10 mg b.d., respectively (non-responder imputation; all p < 0.05 tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg b.d. versus placebo). Discontinuations due to AEs were lower among patients with steroid-free remission versus without. AEs of special interest were infrequent.

Conclusion:

For patients with baseline corticosteroid use in OCTAVE Sustain, the odds of achieving steroid-free efficacy endpoints were significantly higher for tofacitinib versus placebo, irrespective of tofacitinib dose. There were no apparent differences in AEs of special interest by steroid-free remission status. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01458574
Efficacy of Aidi Injection Combined With Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Anlan , Wan Renhong , Zhong Min , Guo Xiaojing , Zou Shuyuan , Zhou Jiajing , Zeng Zuojing , Chen Pei
Published: May 2022

Objective: Radiotherapy (RT) is the first choice in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) but there are many adverse reactions. There is evidence that Aidi injection can improve the effect of RT and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions after RT, but there is still a lack of evidence-based study. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Aidi injection combined with RT in the treatment of NPC. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, EMBASE, Web of Science, CBM, Wanfang, and VIP data were thoroughly searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Aidi injection combined with RT against NPC until February 2021. The literature was screened, extracted, and evaluated by 2 investigators independently. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan5.3 and Stata 14.0, and the quality of evidence was evaluated by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: In this study, we included 9 RCT studies involving 422 patients. The results showed significant between-group differences in complete remission rate (CRR) [relative risk (RR) = 1.17, 95% CI (1.04, 1.31), P = .009], Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS) score [RR = 1.30, 95% CI (1.19, 1.42), P < .00001], leukopenia [RR = 0.65, 95% CI (0.54, 0.78), P < .00001], hemoglobin reduction [RR = 0.60, 95% CI (0.43, 0.84), P = .003], nausea and vomiting [RR = 0.60, 95% CI (0.45, 0.80), P = .0004], oropharyngeal mucosa injury (OMI) [RR = 0.25, 95% CI (0.15, 0.44), P < .00001], but the differences were not statistically significant in total effective rate (TER) [RR = 1.03, 95% CI (0.98, 1.08), P = .20 > 0.05], thrombocytopenia [RR = 0.78, 95%CI (0.52,1.16), P = .22 > .05], and skin injury [RR = 0.81, 95% CI (0.64, 1.04), P = .1 > .05]. Conclusion: Aidi injection combined with RT can improve patients’ quality of life (KPS score) and reduce the adverse reactions caused by RT (such as leukopenia, hemoglobin reductio，OMI，nausea, and vomiting). However, limited by the quality and quantity of the included trials，more high-quality studies should be performed to verify our conclusions.
Association between Concentration of Air Pollutants and Prevalence of Inflammatory Sinonasal Diseases: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Han Munsoo , Choi Soo Jeong , Jeong Yujin , Lee Kijeong , Lee Tae Hoon , Lee Sang Hag , Kim Tae Hoon
Published: May 2022

Background

Air pollution is a serious health concern and affects inflammatory sinonasal diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Clarifying the relationship between air pollutants and upper respiratory diseases could help the patients.

Objective

To evaluate the association between the concentration of air pollutants and the prevalence of AR and CRS among South Koreans.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, nationwide data were reviewed for participants of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008 to 2012. Participants were surveyed with health questionnaires, examined with endoscopies by otolaryngologists, and tested with serum immunoglobulin E levels. The concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤10 µm (PM10) were measured in 16 areas of South Korea. Air pollutant concentrations of geographic districts were matched to each participant's residence. Logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results

Among 27 863 eligible adults, 3359 and 1606 participants had AR or CRS, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analysis for AR, PM10 showed statistically significant results (odds ratio [OR] = 1.145, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.042–1.258). No air pollutants showed statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CRS. In AR, PM10 (OR = 1.458, 95% CI = 1.201–1.770) was associated with endoscopic findings of watery rhinorrhea, whereas SO2 (OR = 1.202, 95% CI = 1.100–1.313) was associated with pale mucosa.

Conclusion

The prevalence of AR was significantly associated with PM10 concentration. In patients with AR, endoscopic findings of watery rhinorrhea were associated with PM10. However, CRS was not associated with the air pollutant concentrations. Lower concentration of PM10 might help managing the clinical symptoms in patients of AR.
Beyond the Corner: Introducing a String Music Program to Youth in Detention
Authors: Thompson Bethany Uhler
Published: May 2022

Offering music programs in prisons is one way that artists may contribute to the correctional system’s rehabilitative goals. To explore the role music may play in rehabilitating youth in detention, I developed a string program at a Youth Development Center. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the outcomes of implementing the string program at the center. Eight of the program’s members, aged 13 to 17 from various cultural backgrounds, volunteered to participate in this study. Data collection included field notes and interviews with the youth and facility staff members. Results showed that the program was beneficial to students and the center. Although students learned to play string instruments, rehearse in an ensemble, and perform in public, they also reported feeling a sense of achievement and increased personal potential. In addition, students and staff members noted students’ improved communication skills, increased frustration tolerance, perseverance, and behavior regulation as a result of participating in the string program. Reported benefits to the center included pride in student success, community development within the center, the staff’s increased sense of making a difference, and positive press.
School Counselors and Multicultural Counseling Competencies: Are We as Competent as We Think We Are?
Authors: Placeres Vanessa , Davis Don E. , Williams Nicolas , shodiya-zeumault shola , Aiello Michelle , Petion Giscard , Mason Erin
Published: May 2022

We investigated the relationship between self-reported multicultural competence and social issues awareness among school counselors and raters’ assessment of multicultural orientation skills (cultural humility and cultural comfort) using a recorded mock counseling session. Results revealed a positive correlation between multicultural competence and cultural comfort. However, findings demonstrated overestimated self-reports of multicultural competence compared to raters’ assessment of cultural humility. We discuss overreliance on self-report of multicultural competence and address implications for further research.
Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Midterm Outcomes After Arthroscopic Surgery for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Propensity-Matched Controlled Study With Minimum 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Jimenez Andrew E. , Lee Michael S. , Owens Jade S. , Maldonado David R. , Saks Benjamin R. , Lall Ajay C. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: May 2022

Background:

There is limited literature evaluating patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in cigarette smokers undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) at midterm follow-up.

Purpose:

(1) To report minimum 5-year PROs for cigarette-smoking patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS and (2) to compare these results with a propensity-matched control group of never-smoking patients.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data were collected for all patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS between June 2009 and March 2016. Patients were eligible if they indicated that they smoked cigarettes within 1 month of surgery and had minimum 5-year postoperative outcomes for the modified Harris Hip Score, Nonarthritic Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score–Sport Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), and International Hip Outcome Tool–12 (iHOT-12). The percentages of patients achieving the Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) and maximum outcome improvement satisfaction threshold were recorded. The study group was then propensity matched in a 1:2 ratio to patients who had never smoked for comparison.

Results:

Included were 35 patients (35 hips) with a mean age of 39.4 ± 13.0 years and mean follow-up of 64.6 ± 4.1 months. These patients demonstrated significant improvement from preoperatively to a minimum 5-year follow-up for all recorded PROs ( P < .05). When compared with 70 control patients (70 hips), smoking patients demonstrated significantly worse preoperative scores for all PROs ( P < .05). Study patients also demonstrated worse minimum 5-year scores for all recorded PROs compared with control patients, which did not reach statistical significance but trended toward significance for HOS-SSS (70.4 vs 81.9; P = .076) and iHOT-12 (74.7 vs 82.2; P = .122). Smoking patients also trended toward lower rates of achieving PASS for the iHOT-12 compared with never-smoking patients (50.0% vs 68.2%; P = .120).

Conclusion:

Patients who smoked cigarettes and underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS demonstrated significant improvement in PROs at a minimum 5-year follow-up. When compared with a propensity-matched control group of never-smokers, they trended toward lower postoperative HOS-SSS and iHOT-12 scores and lower rates of achieving PASS on the iHOT-12.
Algorithmic definitions of street network centrality sub-shapes: The case of superblocks
Authors: Feng Chen , Peponis John
Published: May 2022

The shape and distribution of the most integrated streets, collectively called the integration core, is critical to the characterization of local and global street network types in the space syntax literature. The description of the shape, position, and distribution of integration cores relative to the underlying street networks, however, has remained largely intuitive. We propose analytic and algorithmic definitions of integration core types. We then study empirical and experimental superblock designs with rectangular boundaries, as a particular kind of urban spatial syntax. The analysis leads to a clear understanding of the different ways in which the local street network, internal to the superblock, is structured and interfaced with the perimeter. When used as part of an automated sorting and query process applied to a universe of experimentally generated designs, our definitions and algorithms provide new insights about the interplay between the local generators of street network differentiation and the emergent syntactic structures of the superblock as a whole.