bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Perron–Frobenius analysis of wall-bounded turbulence
Authors: Jiménez Javier
Published: July 2023

The Perron–Frobenius operator (PFO) is adapted from dynamical-system theory to the study of turbulent channel flow. It is shown that, as long as the analysis is restricted to the system attractor, the PFO can be used to differentiate causality and coherence from simple correlation without performing interventional experiments, and that the key difficulty remains the collection of enough data to populate the operator matrix. This is alleviated by limiting the analysis to two-dimensional projections of the phase space, and developing a series of indicators to choose the best parameter pairs from a large number of possibilities. The techniques thus developed are applied to the study of bursting in the inertial layer of the channel, with emphasis on the process by which bursts are reinitiated after they have decayed. Conditional averaging over phase-space trajectories suggested by the PFO shows, somewhat counter-intuitively, that a key ingredient for the burst recovery is the development of a low-shear region near the wall, overlaid by a lifted shear layer. This is confirmed by a computational experiment in which the control of the mean velocity profile by the turbulence fluctuations is artificially relaxed. The behaviour of the mean velocity profile is thus modified, but the association of low wall shear with the initiation of the bursts is maintained.
Wildlife Health Australia; One Health in action
Authors: Woods Rupert , Kolek Sharon , Bridgewater Peter
Published: July 2023

A One Health approach that goes beyond human health has the potential to provide global health security (including prevention of future pandemics and reduction in antimicrobial resistant infections), provide food safety and security, as well as general environmental security. To answer the challenges to implementing such an all-embracing One Health approach, Wildlife Health Australia has grown from a primarily veterinarian-based organisation to an organisation working with governments, academia, and civil society across biosecurity to environment issues. Wildlife Health Australia sees its role in helping Australia, and the wider Indo-Pacific region, adopt a radical change in thinking to position people, animal, plant, and ecosystem health as mutual beneficiaries from societies’ investments and interventions. For the future, Wildlife Health Australia has adopted a Theory of Change leading to an impact mirroring the Convention on Biological Diversity’s 2050 Vision: “People living in harmony with nature”.
THE RADIOCARBON SAMPLE ARCHIVE OF TRONDHEIM
Authors: Seiler Martin , Grootes Pieter M , Svarva Helene , Nadeau Marie-Josée
Published: July 2023

Atmospheric CO2 samples have been collected by the Trondheim Radiocarbon Laboratory since the 1960s. The remaining material from the measurements has been precipitated as CaCO3 and stored in glass containers. We investigated some of the stored samples to assess whether the material could still be used for remeasurements of atmospheric radiocarbon (14C) content, or if it has been contaminated during the years of storage. We attempted different methods to clean the carbonate and release the CO2 for new measurements. The results indicate that the older samples before 1970 show a significant change in 14C content compared to the original measurements, and that our cleaning methods have only little effect. Later samples from the 1970s, which were archived in glass containers with a different lid, show a lower contamination that, however, still leads to an added uncertainty of several pMC and makes these samples unreliable.
“The Lord does not wish the death of a sinner”: Investigating Selected Ordinary Glosses to Pope Gregory IX's Decretales (1234) on Heretics
Authors: Liu Yanchen
Published: July 2023

This article provides a new perspective on the discussion of heresy from one of the most influential canonical-jurisprudential commentaries of the Middle Ages: Bernard of Parma's Glossa ordinaria to Pope Gregory IX's Decretales (commonly known as the Liber extra). Based on an analysis of Bernard's legal glosses, with special emphasis on his citation of Roman and canon law traditions, I argue that the often-overlooked Glossa ordinaria provides scholars a unique window into medieval conceptions of heresy, jurisprudence, and ecclesiastical-legal practice. This study demonstrates that this important mid-thirteenth-century legal-educational text not only reoriented the canonical definition of heretics toward an emphasis on sects rather than individuals, but, differing from the contemporary, often severe papal and conciliar rulings against heretics, also stressed the centrality of mercy and temperance in how heretics should be treated by the ecclesiastical court. The Glossa ordinaria, as this article discusses, might have served as an intellectual force that could have counter-balanced the overzealousness of emerging inquisitors in an age of intensifying repression of heretics.
History and Spiritual Formation: Baron Friedrich von Hügel's Spiritual Nurture
Authors: Wrigley-Carr Robyn
Published: July 2023

Baron Friedrich von Hügel (1852-1925) viewed history as the crux of institutional religion. He also believed that our response to God needs to include all three “Elements of Religion”: the “Intellectual Element” (rational and theological), “Mystical Element” (experiential and devotional) and “Institutional Element” (sacramental, community, tradition and history). Given the role of history in the Baron's “Institutional Element,” it is not surprising that history played a significant role in his spiritual nurture of five individuals. Prayerful reflection upon the historical Christ was central to Evelyn Underhill's conversion. Learning about secular history broadened Gwendolen Greene, enabling her to appreciate Christian mystical texts more fully. Biblical history helped in the formation of Henri Garceau. However, von Hügel's use of history in the spiritual formation of Juliet Mansel and his daughter, Gertrud, had mixed results, and is a reminder of the need to be attentive to both individual differences and maturity levels when using history for spiritual formation. This article builds upon prior research about von Hügel as a spiritual director through the inclusion of unpublished letters from several archives, plus focusing upon one area that has not been extensively discussed in previous studies: the role of history in the Baron's spiritual nurture.
Fulfilling Prophecies on China's Ethnic Frontiers in Southeast Asia: Peripheral Peoples’ Encounter with Christianity in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Xi Lian
Published: July 2023

At the turn of the twentieth century, an enchanted response to Christianity among minority peoples on China's ethnic frontiers in Southeast Asia caught Western missionaries by surprise. This paper explores the historical circumstances and the dynamics of the mass Christian conversion among those hill peoples. Far from a cultural defeat and a grudging surrender to a conquering foreign faith, their embrace of Christianity was an exuberant, communal rush toward fulfillment of indigenous prophecies of redemption. Unlike the civilizing project of the modern state—a coercive mandate of assimilation and ideological transformation—the Christian movement offered them a choice and allowed them to channel their desperate prophecies of the past toward a reformist messianism. With its war on local shamanism, rituals of courtship, and inherited (and often inebriated) rhythms of ethnic life, Christian conversion was ostensibly a break with indigenous traditions. However, it also ironically fortified the ethnic identities of the peripheral peoples—especially through the creation of the written script for the purpose of Bible translation—and generated fresh resiliency for their material and cultural survival.
‘Generational Drag’: All-Child Performances in the Seventeenth and Nineteenth Centuries in Britain
Authors: Knowles Katie
Published: July 2023

Separated by almost three hundred years and by significant developments in the construction of childhood as an identity distinct from adulthood, the early seventeenth and late nineteenth centuries stand out as periods of intense and popular activity by child actors, and specifically by companies of child actors who played adult roles and deliberately juxtaposed the age categories of performer and character. While much excellent period-specific work has been accomplished during the last twenty years on early modern boy actors and on the ‘infant phenomena’ of the Victorian stage, there has as yet been no attempt to compare children’s professional performance during these two periods. This article contrasts the repertoire of the boy companies of Jacobean London with that of the children’s opera companies who toured the UK and Ireland throughout the 1880s performing comic operas such as H.M.S. Pinafore and Les Cloches de Corneville. It also explores what it meant for children to perform as adults during these two periods, and what the latter reveals about the historical construction and policing of age categories.
Stanislavsky’s Failed Bildungsroman
Authors: Kubikowski Tomasz
Published: July 2023

Disabled for the last nine years of his life, Konstantin Stanislavsky struggled to verbalize his artistic experience and record it in writing. This experience mostly concerned acting, itself extremely hard to conceptualize and explain, and, to his mind, the core of human existence. Stanislavsky looked for the proper literary vehicle to contain this abundance. Initially, he hoped he had found adequate means in the form of the educational novel – the Bildungsroman. However, in the course of his writing, he gradually abandoned this form, as well as any literary aspirations he may have had. What we can find in An Actor’s Work are only remnants of the original concept. Nevertheless, they are still present. Looking closer at these ruins can bring interesting insights into the aura and mood of Stanislavsky’s theorizing about art.
Integrating a Standardized Self-Report Tool into Geriatric Medicine Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Northwood Melissa , Didyk Nicole , Hogeveen Sophie , Nova Amanda , Kalles Elizabeth , Heckman George
Published: July 2023

Specialized geriatric services care for older adults (≥ 65 years of age) with dementia and other progressive neurological disorders, frailty, and mental health conditions were provided both virtually and in person during the pandemic. The objective of this study was to implement a software-enabled standardized self-report instrument – the interRAI Check-Up Self-Report – to remotely assess patients. A convergent, mixed-methods research design was employed. Staff found the instrument easy to use and the program-level metrics helpful for planning. Most patients urgently needed a geriatrician assessment (72%) and had moderate to severe cognitive (34%) and functional impairments (34%), depressive symptoms (53%), loneliness (57%), daily pain (32%), and distressed caregivers (46%). Implementation considerations include providing ongoing support and facilitating intersectoral collaboration. The Check Up enhanced the geriatric assessment process by creating a system to track all needs for immediate and future care at both the patient and program level.
Bioethics Without Theory?
Authors: Holm Søren
Published: July 2023

The question that this paper tries to answer is Q: “Can good academic bioethics be done without commitment to moral theory?” It is argued that the answer to Q is an unequivocal “Yes” for most of what we could call “critical bioethics,” that is, the kind of bioethics work that primarily criticizes positions or arguments already in the literature or put forward by policymakers. The answer is also “Yes” for much of empirical bioethics. The second part of the paper then provides an analysis of Q in relation to “constructive bioethics,” that is, bioethics work aimed at providing an argument for a particular position. In this part, it is argued that a number of the approaches or methods used that initially look like they involve no commitment to moral theory, nevertheless, involve such a commitment. This is shown to be the case for reflective equilibrium, mid-level theory, the use of theory fragments, and argument by analogy.
Cross-language activation of idiom meanings: Evidence from French– Vietnamese– and Indonesian–English bilinguals
Authors: Jared Debra , Nguyen Pearley , Grant-Pereira Alyssa , Rizkyana Qamara , Maziyah Mohamed Mirrah
Published: July 2023

The aim of the present study was to determine whether bilinguals activate the figurative meaning of an idiom that is specific to one language when they are exposed to its translation in their other language. We used a cross-modal priming task in which participants heard L2 English sentences that ended with an idiom translated from their L1. They then saw a visually presented stimulus that was either related to the meaning of the L1 idiom, a matched control word, or a nonword, and made a lexical decision. Three experiments were run, each with a different group of bilinguals (French–English, Vietnamese–English, and Indonesian–English), and each with a monolingual English control group. In all three studies, the effect of relatedness for bilinguals and monolinguals differed, demonstrating cross-language activation of idiom meanings. Evidence was obtained that suggested that culture-specific information in idioms influenced processing.
Continent‐Ocean Transition or Boundary? Crowd‐Sourced Seismic Interpretations of the East‐India Passive Margin
Authors: Bond Clare E. , Alcalde Juan , Butler Robert W. H. , McDermott Ken , Carbonell Ramon
Published: July 2023

On the edge of our continents, oceanic crust meets continental crust. At passive margins, those where there is no active tectonics, subduction or transform faulting, these crustal types are connected as sharp continent‐ocean boundaries (COB) or as diffuse continent‐ocean transition (COT) zones. Passive margins are hard to explore and consequently relatively little is known about their morphology or the geological processes of their formation. Here we elicit and analyze seismic image interpretations of the passive margin offshore East India conducted by 17 groups of geoscientists to better understand the differences, or lack therein, of COB or COT interpretations of the margin. The group interpretations provide a wide range of margin models, five of which are abrupt COB based and 11 which are diffuse COT based. However, interpretations within the COB set vary in the placement of the boundary line between continental and oceanic crust, the boundary placement lying within the range of interpreted COT zones, with the average COB location falling in the center of the interpreted COT zones. These crowd‐sourced results are then compared with 10 published interpretations across the margin, which show COB and COT zones falling in the same area. These findings raise questions as to the real differences in COB and COT models and the geological processes involved in their formation. Considering this, we discuss the implications for passive margin models and the use of Wisdom of Crowds‐type approaches in reflecting on both the range of interpretation‐based models and in the value of determining “average” model approaches.
The Impact of Human‐Induced Climate Change on Future Tornado Intensity as Revealed Through Multi‐Scale Modeling
Authors: Woods Matthew J. , Trapp Robert J. , Mallinson Holly M.
Published: July 2023

A novel, multi‐scale climate modeling approach is used to show the potential for increases in future tornado intensity due to anthropogenic climate change. Historical warm‐ and cool‐season (WARM and COOL) tornado events are virtually placed in a globally warmed future via the “pseudo‐global warming” method. As hypothesized based on meteorological arguments, the tornadic‐storm and associated vortex of the COOL event experiences consistent and robust increases in intensity in an ensemble of imposed climate‐change experiments. The tornadic‐storm and associated vortex of the WARM event experiences increases in intensity in some of the experiments, but the response is neither consistent nor robust, and is overall weaker than in the COOL event. An examination of environmental parameters provides further support of the disproportionately stronger response in the cool‐season event. These results have implications on future tornadoes forming outside of climatologically favored seasons.
Influence of Lateral Plume Channel on the Evolution of Rift Arms of the Afar Triple Junction: Constraints From 3‐D Gravity Interpretation
Authors: Sreenidhi K. S. , Betts P. G. , Radhakrishna M. , Armit R.
Published: July 2023

The Afar region presents a unique example of a juvenile R‐R‐R triple junction with the arms evolved to various stages of maturity. The lithosphere in this area has been modified heterogeneously by the nearby Afar mantle plume. To gain a comprehensive and consistent understanding of the link between crustal geometry and geodynamics of the region and facilitate comparisons across different tectonic elements, we developed a high‐resolution crustal thickness map of the region that resolves major tectonic features. The calculation involved a well‐constrained 3‐D inversion of upper mantle‐corrected crustal Bouguer gravity anomalies computed with the help of tomography‐derived densities. Our results match earlier localized crustal thickness estimates, illustrating the method's efficacy. A thinner crust (∼20–26 km) is revealed in the Afar compared to adjacent continental regions. The Main Ethiopian Rift has the thickest crust in the central part of the rift (∼38–40 km) and thinner to the north (∼30 km) and south (∼35 km). The crustal thickness along the Gulf of Aden changes from east (∼5 km) to west (∼17 km) in the west, consistent with a westward transition from seafloor spreading to continental rifting. The southern Red Sea is characterized by asymmetric crustal thickness, with a thicker crust (∼17 km) on the eastern flank compared to the western flank (∼11 km), which we attribute to the influence of a sub‐lithospheric channel from the Afar mantle plume. We propose a model describing the channel leading to asymmetric features of the southern Red Sea, such as crustal accretion, marginal topography, and volcanism.
New Insights Into Scavenging Effect of Aerosol Species During Summer Rainfall Process in Beijing
Authors: Li Yan , Sun Jiaxing , Bi Yongheng , Wang Qingqing , Zhao Xiujuan , Lei Lu , Du Aodong , Li Zhijie , Wang Zifa , Pan Xiaole , Han Congzheng , Sun Yele
Published: July 2023

Precipitation is a critical factor in changing aerosol life cycle, yet its impact on aerosol species with different properties in megacities remains unclear. Here we characterized the changes of PM2.5 aerosol species during rainfall processes in five summers (2018–2022) in Beijing using highly time‐resolved measurements of aerosol chemical speciation monitor along with precipitation. Average pattern of 233 rainfall processes showed that over 30% decreases in aerosol species before rain start were due to the increased wind speed, and the subsequent decreases were caused by the combined effects of precipitation and winds with an average scavenging of 62%–100% in 1 hr. We also observed very different responses of aerosol species to precipitation depending on intensities, duration and formation mechanisms. During the rainfall processes, aerosol composition showed decreased contributions of organics and sulfate, particularly from late night to morning, while increased contributions of nitrate and chloride due to enhanced gas‐particle partitioning associated with the increase of relative humidity and the decrease of temperature. The scavenging rates of aerosol species significantly increased as the increase of rainfall intensity (>5 mm hr−1) and duration (>4 hr). However, the scavenging effect of light rainfall was negligible although the cumulative contribution was ∼50% due to high frequency, and even caused increases in nitrate and chloride. The case analysis of aerosol evolution during weak and heavy rainfall events further illustrated the dual impacts of precipitation on aerosol species through wet scavenging and secondary formation.
Alterations in immune cell phenotype and cytotoxic capacity in HER2+ breast cancer patients receiving HER2-targeted neo-adjuvant therapy
Authors: Gaynor Nicola , Blanco Alfonso , Madden Stephen F. , Moran Barry , Fletcher Jean M. , Kaukonen Damien , Ramírez Javier Sánchez , Eustace Alex J. , McDermott Martina S. J. , Canonici Alexandra , Toomey Sinead , Teiserskiene Ausra , Hennessy Bryan T. , O’Donovan Norma , Crown John , Collins Denis M.
Published: July 2023

Background

The phase II neo-adjuvant clinical trial ICORG10-05 (NCT01485926) compared chemotherapy in combination with trastuzumab, lapatinib or both in patients with HER2+ breast cancer. We studied circulating immune cells looking for alterations in phenotype, genotype and cytotoxic capacity (direct and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)) in the context of treatment response.

Methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from pre- (n = 41) and post- (n = 25) neo-adjuvant treatment blood samples. Direct/trastuzumab-ADCC cytotoxicity of patient-derived PBMCs against K562/SKBR3 cell lines was determined ex vivo. Pembrolizumab was interrogated in 21 pre-treatment PBMC ADCC assays. Thirty-nine pre-treatment and 21 post-treatment PBMC samples were immunophenotyped. Fc receptor genotype, tumour infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) levels and oestrogen receptor (ER) status were quantified.

Results

Treatment attenuated the cytotoxicity/ADCC of PBMCs. CD3+/CD4+/CD8+ T cells increased following therapy, while CD56+ NK cells/CD14+ monocytes/CD19+ B cells decreased with significant post-treatment immune cell changes confined to patients with residual disease. Pembrolizumab-augmented ex vivo PBMC ADCC activity was associated with residual disease, but not pathological complete response. Pembrolizumab-responsive PBMCs were associated with lower baseline TIL levels and ER+ tumours.

Conclusions

PBMCs display altered phenotype and function following completion of neo-adjuvant treatment. Anti-PD-1-responsive PBMCs in ex vivo ADCC assays may be a biomarker of treatment response.
NRF2 transcriptionally regulates Caspase-11 expression to activate HMGB1 release by Autophagy-deficient hepatocytes
Authors: Khambu Bilon , Cai Genxiang , Liu Gang , Bailey Niani Tiaye , Mercer Arissa A. , Baral Kamal , Ma Michelle , Chen Xiaoyun , Li Yu , Yin Xiao-Ming
Published: July 2023

Injury or stress can induce intracellular translocation and release of nuclear HMGB1, a DAMP molecule known to participate in inflammation and other pathological processes. Active release of HMGB1 from stimulated macrophages can be mediated by inflammasomes, which cleave Gasdermin D to form pores on cytoplasmic membranes. We previously had shown that active release of HMGB1 from autophagy deficient hepatocytes also depended on the inflammasome but how the inflammasome was activated was not known. Here we report that persistent activation of transcription factor NRF2 under the autophagy deficient condition led to transcriptional upregulation of Caspase-11 expression, which could then activate the CASPASE-1inflammasome. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) and luciferase-based reporter assays, we show that NRF2 directly binds to the Caspase-11 promoter and transcriptionally increase the expression of Caspase-11. Genetic deletion of Caspase-11 in autophagy-deficient livers represses the release of HMGB1 and its pathological consequence, ductular cell proliferation. Consistently, deletion of NLRP3, which can activate CASPASE-1 mediated inflammasomes under other types of signals, did not prevent HMGB1 release and ductular cell proliferation in autophagy deficient livers. Surprisingly, while cleavage of GASDEMIN D occurred in autophagy-deficient livers its deletion did not prevent the HMGB1 release, suggesting that CASPASE-11-mediated inflammasome activation may also engage in a different mechanism for HMGB1 release by the autophagy deficient hepatocytes. Collectively, this work reveals the novel role of NRF2 in transcriptional upregulation of Caspase-11 and in inflammasome activation to promote active release of HMGB via a non-Gasdermin D mediated avenue.
Extracellular vesicles from neural progenitor cells promote functional recovery after stroke in mice with pharmacological inhibition of neurogenesis
Authors: Campero-Romero Aura N. , Real Fernando H. , Santana-Martínez Ricardo A. , Molina-Villa Tonatiuh , Aranda Cristina , Ríos-Castro Emmanuel , Tovar-y-Romo Luis B.
Published: July 2023

Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) of the subventricular zone proliferate in response to ischemic stroke in the adult mouse brain. Newly generated cells have been considered to influence recovery following a stroke. However, the mechanism underlying such protection is a matter of active study since it has been thought that proliferating NPCs mediate their protective effects by secreting soluble factors that promote recovery rather than neuronal replacement in the ischemic penumbra. We tested the hypothesis that this mechanism is mediated by the secretion of multimolecular complexes in extracellular vesicles (EVs). We found that the molecular influence of oxygen and glucose-deprived (OGD) NPCs-derived EVs is very limited in improving overt neurological alterations caused by stroke compared to our recently reported astrocyte-derived EVs. However, when we inhibited the ischemia-triggered proliferation of NPCs with the chronic administration of the DNA synthesis inhibitor Ara-C, the effect of NPC-derived EVs became evident, suggesting that the endogenous protection exerted by the proliferation of NPC is mainly carried out through a mechanism that involves the intercellular communication mediated by EVs. We analyzed the proteomic content of NPC-derived EVs cargo with label-free relative abundance mass spectrometry and identified several molecular mediators of neuronal recovery within these vesicles. Our findings indicate that NPC-derived EVs are protective against the ischemic cascade activated by stroke and, thus, hold significant therapeutic potential.
Disruption of RCAN1.4 expression mediated by YY1/HDAC2 modulates chronic renal allograft interstitial fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Jianjian , Zhang Yao , Feng Dengyuan , Zhou Hai , Gui Zeping , Zheng Ming , Hang Zhou , Gu Min , Tan Ruoyun
Published: July 2023

Chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) is a major factor that hinders kidney transplant survival in the long run. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been confirmed to significantly contribute to interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA), which is the main histopathological feature of CAD. Aberrant expression of the regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1), recognized as an endogenous inhibitor of the calcineurin phosphatase, has been shown to be extensively involved in various kidney diseases. However, it remains unclear how RCAN1.4 regulates IF/TA formation in CAD patients. Herein, an in vivo mouse renal transplantation model and an in vitro model of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were employed. Our results proved that RCAN1.4 expression was decreased in vivo and in vitro, in addition to the up-regulation of Yin Yang 1 (YY1), a transcription factor that has been reported to convey multiple functions in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Knocking in of RCAN1.4 efficiently attenuated chronic renal allograft interstitial fibrosis in vivo and inhibited TNF-α-induced EMT in vitro through regulating anti-oxidative stress and the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) signaling pathway. In addition, suppression of YY1 mediated by shRNA or siRNA alleviated TNF-α-induced EMT through abolishing reactive species partly in an RCAN1.4-dependent manner. Notably, we confirmed that YY1 negatively regulated RCAN1.4 transcription by directly interacting with the RCAN1.4 promoter. In addition, histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) interacted with YY1 to form a multi-molecular complex, which was involved in TNF-α-induced RCAN1.4 transcriptional repression. Therefore, RCAN1.4 is suggested to be modulated by the YY1/HDAC2 transcription repressor complex in an epigenetic manner, which is a mediated nephroprotective effect partly through modulating O2⋅− generation and the calcineurin/NFATc1 signaling pathway. Thus, the YY1–RCAN1.4 axis constitutes an innovative target for IF/TA treatment in CAD patients.
Selective activation of STAT3 and STAT5 dictates the fate of myeloid progenitor cells
Authors: Zhang Meichao , Meng Yiling , Ying Yingxia , Zhou Pingting , Zhang Suning , Fang Yong , Yao Yuan , Li Dong
Published: July 2023

The molecular programs that govern the directed differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells are still poorly defined. Using a previously established immortalized, phenotypically normal myeloid progenitor cell model mEB8-ER, we unveil a new mechanism mediated by STAT5 and STAT3 at a bifurcation point of myeloid progenitor cell-fate specification. We find that myeloid progenitor cells can spontaneously differentiate into neutrophils with a basal level of STAT3 phosphorylation, which is enhanced by G-CSF treatment or STAT3 over-expression, leading to elevated neutrophil differentiation. Reduced STAT3 phosphorylation caused by GM-CSF treatment, STAT3 specific inhibitor, or STAT3 depletion leads to attenuated myeloid differentiation into neutrophils, while elevating differentiation into monocytes/macrophages. In contrast, STAT5 appears to have an antagonistic function to STAT3. When activated by GM-CSF, STAT5 promotes myeloid differentiation into monocytes/macrophages but inhibits neutrophil differentiation. At the mechanistic level, GM-CSF activates STAT5 to up-regulate SOCS3, which attenuates STAT3 phosphorylation and consequently neutrophil differentiation, while enhancing monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Furthermore, inhibition of STAT5 and STAT3 in primary myeloid progenitors recapitulates the results from the mEB8-ER model. Together, our findings provide new mechanistic insights into myeloid differentiation and may prove useful for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to abnormal myeloid differentiation.
Distinct types of multicellular aggregates in Pseudomonas aeruginosa liquid cultures
Authors: Melaugh Gavin , Martinez Vincent A. , Baker Perrin , Hill Preston J. , Howell P. Lynne , Wozniak Daniel J. , Allen Rosalind J.
Published: July 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosaforms suspended multicellular aggregates when cultured in liquid media. These aggregates may be important in disease, and/or as a pathway to biofilm formation. The polysaccharide Psl and extracellular DNA (eDNA) have both been implicated in aggregation, but previous results depend strongly on the experimental conditions. Here we develop a quantitative microscopy-based method for assessing changes in the size distribution of suspended aggregates over time in growing cultures. For exponentially growing cultures ofP. aeruginosaPAO1, we find that aggregation is mediated by cell-associated Psl, rather than by either eDNA or secreted Psl. These aggregates arise de novo within the culture via a growth process that involves both collisions and clonal growth, and Psl non-producing cells do not aggregate with producers. In contrast, we find that stationary phase (overnight) cultures contain a different type of multicellular aggregate, in which both eDNA and Psl mediate cohesion. Our findings suggest that the physical and biological properties of multicellular aggregates may be very different in early-stage vs late-stage bacterial cultures.
Spectral kissing and its dynamical consequences in the squeeze-driven Kerr oscillator
Authors: Chávez-Carlos Jorge , Lezama Talía L. M. , Cortiñas Rodrigo G. , Venkatraman Jayameenakshi , Devoret Michel H. , Batista Victor S. , Pérez-Bernal Francisco , Santos Lea F.
Published: July 2023

Transmon qubits are the predominant element in circuit-based quantum information processing, such as existing quantum computers, due to their controllability and ease of engineering implementation. But more than qubits, transmons are multilevel nonlinear oscillators that can be used to investigate fundamental physics questions. Here, they are explored as simulators of excited state quantum phase transitions (ESQPTs), which are generalizations of quantum phase transitions to excited states. We show that the spectral kissing (coalescence of pairs of energy levels) experimentally observed in the effective Hamiltonian of a driven SNAIL-transmon is an ESQPT precursor. We explore the dynamical consequences of the ESQPT, which include the exponential growth of out-of-time-ordered correlators, followed by periodic revivals, and the slow evolution of the survival probability due to localization. These signatures of ESQPT are within reach for current superconducting circuits platforms and are of interest to experiments with cold atoms and ion traps.
Emergent topological quantum orbits in the charge density wave phase of kagome metal CsV3Sb5
Authors: Tan Hengxin , Li Yongkang , Liu Yizhou , Kaplan Daniel , Wang Ziqiang , Yan Binghai
Published: July 2023

The recently discovered kagome materials AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) attract intense research interest in intertwined topology, superconductivity, and charge density waves (CDW). Although the in-plane 2 × 2 CDW is well studied, its out-of-plane structural correlation with the Fermi surface properties is less understood. In this work, we advance the theoretical description of quantum oscillations and investigate the Fermi surface properties in the three-dimensional CDW phase of CsV3Sb5. We derived Fermi-energy-resolved and layer-resolved quantum orbits that agree quantitatively with recent experiments in the fundamental frequency, cyclotron mass, and topology. We reveal a complex Dirac nodal network that would lead to a π Berry phase of a quantum orbit in the spinless case. However, the phase shift of topological quantum orbits is contributed by the orbital moment and Zeeman effect besides the Berry phase in the presence of spin-orbital coupling (SOC). Therefore, we can observe topological quantum orbits with a π phase shift in otherwise trivial orbits without SOC, contrary to common perception. Our work reveals the rich topological nature of kagome materials and paves a path to resolve different topological origins of quantum orbits.
LRRC10 regulates mammalian cardiomyocyte cell cycle during heart regeneration
Authors: Salamon Rebecca J. , McKeon Megan C. , Bae Jiyoung , Zhang Xiaoya , Paltzer Wyatt G. , Wanless Kayla N. , Schuett Alyssa R. , Nuttall Dakota J. , Nemr Stephen A. , Sridharan Rupa , Lee Youngsook , Kamp Timothy J. , Mahmoud Ahmed I.
Published: July 2023

Leucine-rich repeat containing 10 (LRRC10) is a cardiomyocyte-specific protein, but its role in cardiac biology is little understood. Recently Lrrc10 was identified as required for endogenous cardiac regeneration in zebrafish; however, whether LRRC10 plays a role in mammalian heart regeneration remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that Lrrc10–/– knockout mice exhibit a loss of the neonatal mouse regenerative response, marked by reduced cardiomyocyte cytokinesis and increased cardiomyocyte binucleation. Interestingly, LRRC10 deletion disrupts the regenerative transcriptional landscape of the regenerating neonatal mouse heart. Remarkably, cardiac overexpression of LRRC10 restores cardiomyocyte cytokinesis, increases cardiomyocyte mononucleation, and the cardiac regenerative capacity of Lrrc10–/– mice. Our results are consistent with a model in which LRRC10 is required for cardiomyocyte cytokinesis as well as regulation of the transcriptional landscape during mammalian heart regeneration.
Long working hours and increased risks of lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Korean men and women
Authors: Lim Ga-Young , Chang Yoosoo , Kim Inah , Ryu Seungho , Kwon Ria , Song Jaechul
Published: July 2023

Despite the increasing prevalence of lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), its risk factors are not well established. We examined the association between long working hours and incident NAFLD in lean Korean workers with emphasis on sex-based effect modification. This cohort study involved 46,113 non-overweight (BMI < 23 kg/m2) and NAFLD-free Korean workers (mean age, 35.5 years). Working hours were categorized into 35–40 (reference), 41–52, and ≥ 53 h. The presence of fatty liver and its severity were determined using ultrasonography and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), respectively. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using parametric proportional hazards models. Incident cases of 5901 lean NAFLD developed over a median follow-up of 3.8 years. The incidence of lean NAFLD increased with increasing working hours with a stronger association in men than in women (P for interaction < 0.001). For men, multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for lean NAFLD in time-dependent models comparing working hours of 41–52 and ≥ 53 h compared to the reference category were 1.17 (1.07–1.28) and 1.25 (1.12–1.39), respectively. The excess relative risk of developing lean NAFLD with intermediate/high NFS was observed in working hours of 41–52 and ≥ 53 h with a corresponding HR of 1.66 (1.13–2.43) and 1.54 (0.94–2.51), respectively. Conversely, no significant associations were found between working hours and incidence of lean NAFLD in women. In conclusion, long working hours were significantly associated with an increased incidence of lean NAFLD and its severe form in men but not in women.
Highly sensitive asymmetric and symmetric cancer sensors with ultra-high-quality factor and resolution power
Authors: Sovizi Mahdi , Aliannezhadi Maryam
Published: July 2023

In the paper, we proposed two new highly sensitive and compact biosensors with ultra-high-quality factors based on the 1-D binary photonic crystal (silicon/air thin layer) with a defect layer. The proposed asymmetric and symmetric biosensors have just a few periods (two to five) on both sides of the defect layer and the normal cell group (INOK) and cancer cells group (YD-10B) are considered for the studies. The effects of different parameters including silicon layer thickness, air layer thickness, defect layer thickness, substrate position, number of periods, and light incident angle are considered in the biosensor operation and the biosensors are optimized based on the sensitivity. The results demonstrate that the sensitivity and defect mode wavelength of the sensors are independent of the substrate position. However, the quality factor and FOM of the sensors significantly depend on the substrate position and they are improved significantly in the symmetric sensor (~ 37% improvement in optimum condition). Also, the high sensitivities of the sensors are maintained over a wide range of silicon and air thicknesses, which is a valuable achievement in the manufacturing process. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the optimized biosensors with a defect layer thickness of 10 microns and only two periods reaches S ~ 2811 nm/RIU which is an excellent sensitivity for an optical biosensor.
Structure, dynamics and transferability of the metal-dependent polyhistidine tetramerization motif TetrHis for single-chain Fv antibodies
Authors: Healey Robert D. , Couillaud Louise , Hoh François , Mouhand Assia , Fouillen Aurelien , Couvineau Pierre , Granier Sébastien , Leyrat Cédric
Published: July 2023

The polyhistidine (6XHis) motif is one of the most ubiquitous protein purification tags. The 6XHis motif enables the binding of tagged proteins to various metals, which can be advantageously used for purification with immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Despite its popularity, protein structures encompassing metal-bound 6XHis are rare. Here, we obtained a 2.5 Å resolution crystal structure of a single chain Fv antibody (scFv) bearing a C-terminal sortase motif, 6XHis and TwinStrep tags (LPETGHHHHHHWSHPQFEK[G3S]3WSHPQFEK). The structure, obtained in the presence of cobalt, reveals a unique tetramerization motif (TetrHis) stabilized by 8 Co2+ ions. The TetrHis motif contains four 6 residues-long β-strands, and each metal center coordinates 3 to 5 residues, including all 6XHis histidines. By combining dynamic light scattering, small angle x-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations, We investigated the influence of Co2+ on the conformational dynamics of scFv 2A2, observing an open/close equilibrium of the monomer and the formation of cobalt-stabilized tetramers. By using a similar scFv design, we demonstrate the transferability of the tetramerization property. This novel metal-dependent tetramerization motif might be used as a fiducial marker for cryoelectron microscopy of scFv complexes, or even provide a starting point for designing metal-loaded biomaterials.
Deformation-dependent polydimethylsiloxane permeability measured using osmotic microactuators
Authors: Spitzer Alexandra R. , Hutchens Shelby B.
Published: July 2023

Silicone membrane permeability to water decreases with increasing deformation. We report a near order of magnitude decrease in the permeability of PDMS using a micro-bulge test geometry that concurrently characterizes its large deformation response.
A simple polystyrene microfluidic device for sensitive and accurate SERS-based detection of infection by malaria parasites
Authors: Oliveira Maria João , Caetano Soraia , Dalot Ana , Sabino Filipe , Calmeiro Tomás R. , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Pereira Eulália , Prudêncio Miguel , Byrne Hugh J. , Franco Ricardo , Águas Hugo
Published: July 2023

Novel microfluidic SERS immunoassay to detect Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), with a LOD of 0.0012 ± 0.0001% parasitaemia, equivalent to ≈69 parasites per μL, a ∼7-fold higher sensitivity than most Malaria rapid diagnostic tests.
Emerging 2D pnictogens: a novel multifunctional photonic nanoplatform for cutting-edge precision treatment
Authors: Zheng Wenjing , Zhang Yifan , Gao Ming , Qiu Meng
Published: July 2023

2D pnictogens and their cutting-edge precision treatment applications.
Insight into the failure mechanism of large-scale cylindrical lithium–sulphur cells
Authors: Kaenket Surasak , Duangdangchote Salatan , Homlamai Kan , Joraleechanchai Nattanon , Sangsanit Titipum , Tejangkura Worapol , Sawangphruk Montree
Published: July 2023

Li–S batteries with a sulphur loading content of 5 mg cm−2 were produced as large-scale 18 650 cylindrical cells.
Morphology and orientation change of layer-by-layer deposited one- and two-dimensional coordination polymer nanocrystals containing rhodium paddle-wheel units
Authors: Steinbach Daniel , Neubert Richard , Gersdorf Sophie , Schimpf Christian , Erb Denise , Rafaja David , Plamper Felix A. , Mertens Florian
Published: July 2023

“Layer-by-layer” deposits of coordination polymers show a rich morphology spectrum and display unusual structural transformations as a function of the deposition cycle number.
Highly efficient conversion of CO2intoN-formamides catalyzed by a noble-metal-free aluminum-based MOF under mild conditions
Authors: Wang Zhi-Qiang , Deng Cheng-Hua , Liu Xiao , Wang Wen-Min
Published: July 2023

A noble-metal-free aluminum-based MOF shows high catalytic activity and efficient cycling performance for CO2formylation reactions under green conditions.
(FeMnCe)-co-doped MOF-74 with significantly improved performance for overall water splitting
Authors: Chai Ning , Kong Yuxuan , Liu Tian , Ying Shuanglu , Jiang Qiao , Yi Fei-Yan
Published: July 2023

In this work, a series of (FeMnCe)-trimetallic MOF-74 are successfully constructed based on a 3d–4f mixed metal strategy via a one-step synthetic process, and exhibit significantly improved performance for OER, HER and overall water splitting.
β-(Z)-Selective alkyne hydrosilylation by a N,O-functionalized NHC-based rhodium(i) catalyst
Authors: González-Lainez Miguel , Jiménez M. Victoria , Passarelli Vincenzo , Pérez-Torrente Jesús J.
Published: July 2023

Rhodium(i) complexes bearing a methylether-lutidine-tert-butyl-imidazolylidene ligand are efficientZ-selective alkyne hydrosilylation catalyst precursors.
Fine-tuning the cytotoxicity of ruthenium(ii) arene compounds to enhance selectivity against breast cancers
Authors: Pereira Sarah A. P. , Romano-deGea Jan , Barbosa Ana Isabel , Costa Lima Sofia A. , Dyson Paul J. , Saraiva M. Lúcia M. F. S.
Published: July 2023

A ruthenium(ii) arene compound was identified as the most promising candidate for breast cancer treatment amongst a library of rationally designed and fully synthesized compounds where the impact of different counterions’ cytotoxicity was evaluated.
Fate of polystyrene and polyethylene nanoplastics exposed to UV in water
Authors: Balakrishnan Gireeshkumar , Lagarde Fabienne , Chassenieux Christophe , Martel Arnaud , Deniau Elise , Nicolai Taco
Published: July 2023

UV irradiation leads to the degradation of PS or PE nanoplastics dispersed in water. They initially become porous, then fragment and finally degrade completely.
Ionotronics for reverse actuation
Authors: Haimov Ehud , Chen Yuan , Najeeb Zaeem , Urbakh Michael , Kornyshev Alexei A.
Published: July 2023

Droplet spreading upon compression enlarges the contact area between the electrodes and electrolyte, increasing the double-layer capacitance, which generates a transient ionic current in solution and an electronic current in the circuit.
A cross-linkable and resorbable PEDOT-based ink using a hyaluronic acid derivative as dopant for flexible bioelectronic devices
Authors: Leprince Maxime , Regal Simon , Mailley Pascal , Sauter-Starace Fabien , Texier Isabelle , Auzély-Velty Rachel
Published: July 2023

A PEDOT:hyaluronic acid ink was printed on a PLGA film, then UV-crosslinked to design non soluble conductive patterns. The ink was fully resorbable within 2 months when immersed in water, paving the way towards transient bioelectronic devices.
Effect of intra-cyclohexane rings in H-shaped reactive molecules on the negative dispersion of optical retardation
Authors: Luong Hoai Thu , Kim Ja Won , Lee Jiyun , Kang Yi Young , Cho Yumi , Ka Jae-Won , Kwak Sang Kyu , Lee Ji-Hoon
Published: July 2023

Artificial materials which show negative dispersion of retardation are of great importance and interest for applications to geometric phase retarders, compensation films, and augmented reality.
Pt-decorated MOF-derived Ni–N–C materials as efficient electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation
Authors: Luan Chao , Zhang Xuanhua , Wang Chao , Liao Mengyin , Xu Wenyuan , Chen Bohong
Published: July 2023

High-performance anode electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) have drawn great attention due to their promising commercial applications.
Structures and magnetic anisotropies of two seven-coordinate Co(ii)–nitrate complexes showing slow magnetic relaxation
Authors: Lv Wei , Chen Lei , Chen Xue-Tai , Yan Hong , Wang Zhenxing , Ouyang Zhong-Wen , Xue Zi-Ling
Published: July 2023

Two seven-coordinate mononuclear Co(ii) complexes are proved to have field-induced magnetic relaxation and one of them possesses capped octahedral geometry.
Electrooxidation of rhodamine B hydrazide
Authors: Belko Nikita , Maltanava Hanna , Lugovski Anatol , Fatykhava Sviatlana , Shabunya Polina , Tabolich Anastasiya , Samtsov Michael , Poznyak Sergey
Published: July 2023

The electrooxidation of rhodamine B hydrazide is shown to produce rhodamine B, a phenanthrenone derivative, and a phtalazinone derivative.
Optimizing strong metal–support interaction on cobalt phosphide-supported Ru single atom catalyst for highly-efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Meng , Zhang Rui , Li Chen , Sun Xue , Chen Guanjie , Guo Lidan , Zheng Kun , Sun Xiangnan
Published: July 2023

This study reports a RuSA@CoPx-350 single-atom electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline medium. Theoretical study reveals that Ru–Co2P(111) has an optimized balance for water dissociation and hydrogen atom adsorption.
Mechanism of photocatalyzed imine conversion: a relay process of sequential energy transfer, single electron transfer and proton transfer
Authors: Ji Shuangshuang , Sheng Jianfeng , Gao Shang , Pei Zhipeng , Ying Fuming , Song Jinshuai , Zhu Yanyan
Published: July 2023

The use of imine compounds to generate alkyl radicals has been a topic of interest among synthetic chemists.