bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atlantic Multidecadal Variability Response to External Forcing during the Past Two Millennia
Authors: Dai Zhangqi , Wang Bin , Zhu Ling , Liu Jian , Sun Weiyi , Li Longhui , Lü Guonian , Ning Liang , Yan Mi , Chen Kefan
Published: September 2022

Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) is a cornerstone for decadal prediction and profoundly influences regional and global climate variability, yet its fundamental drivers remain an issue for debate. Studies suggest that external forcing may have affected AMV during the Little Ice Age (AD 1400–1860). However, the detailed mechanism remains elusive, and the AMV’s centennial to millennial variations over the past 2000 years have not yet been explored. We first show that proxy-data reconstructions and paleo-data assimilations suggest a significant 60-yr AMV during AD 1250–1860 but not during AD 1–1249. We then conducted a suite of experiments with the Community Earth System Model (CESM) to unravel the causes of the changing AMV property. The simulation results under all external forcings match the reconstructions reasonably well. We find that the significant 60-yr AMV during 1250–1860 arises predominantly from the volcano forcing variability. During the period 1–1249, the average volcanic eruption intensity is about half of the 1250–1860 intensity, and a 20–40-yr internal variability dominates the AMV. The volcanic radiative forcing during 1250–1860 amplifies AMV and shifts the internal variability peak from 20–40 years to 60 years. The volcano forcing prolongs AMV periodicity by sustaining Arctic cooling, delaying subpolar sea ice melting and atmospheric feedback to reduce surface evaporation. These slow-response processes over the subpolar North Atlantic results in a persisting reduction of sea surface salinity, weakening the Atlantic overturning circulation, and warm water transport from the subtropical North Atlantic. The results reveal the cause of the nonstationary AMV over the past two millennia and shed light on the AMV’s response to external forcing.

Significance Statement

AMV plays an important role in the regional and global climate variability. The purpose of this study is to better understand the secular change of AMV during the past 2000 years and its response to the external forcing. Proxy data and model simulation consistently show a significant 60-yr AMV during AD 1250–1860 that is absent during AD 1–1249. Active volcanic eruptions during 1250–1860 amplify the AMV and shift its intrinsic 20–40-yr to a prominent 60-yr variance peak. Volcanoes prolong AMV periodicity by sustaining Arctic cooling, delaying subpolar sea ice melting, reducing evaporation, and increasing surface salinity. These results help us better understand nonstationary AMV and highlight the role of external forcing over the past two millennia.
Headland Rip Very Low Frequency Fluctuations and Surfzone Eddies During High-Energy Wave Events
Authors: Mouragues Arthur , Martins Kévin , Bonneton Philippe , Castelle Bruno
Published: September 2022

A wave-group-resolving model is used to investigate the driving mechanisms and the spatiotemporal variability of very low frequency (VLF) fluctuations of a headland deflection rip, measured during a 4-m oblique wave event. Surfzone eddies (SZE) occurring in the presence of a strongly sheared longshore current V at a longshore-uniform beach are first modeled. The spectral signature and the variability of SZE are displayed and compared with the literature. The model is then used to explore the dynamics of vorticity in the surf zone and against a headland under energetic oblique wave conditions. The resulting weakly sheared V is found to host large-scale SZE propagating toward the headland at a speed decreasing seaward. Vorticity animations and spectral diagrams indicate that VLF fluctuations of the deflection rip are driven by the deflection of the upstream SZE. In line with measurements, periods from 40 min to 1 h dominate the spectrum hundreds of meters from the headland at low tide. At high tide, vorticity spectra in the rip are much narrower than in the surf zone, suggesting that the headland enforces the merging of SZE. This mechanism is further analyzed using idealized simulations with varying headland lengths, aiming at extending traditional deflection patterns at the VLF scale. Finally, we discuss the existence of a continuum in SZE driving mechanisms, going from fully wave-group-driven to both wave-group- and shear-instability-driven SZE for weakly and strongly sheared V, respectively. This continuum suggests the importance of wave groups to produce SZE under energetic wave conditions.
Simulation of Heavy Precipitation and the Production of Graupel Related to the Passage of a Cold Front over the Australian Snowy Mountains
Authors: Gevorgyan Artur , Ackermann Luis , Huang Yi , Siems Steven , Manton Michael
Published: September 2022

The case study of a heavy precipitation event associated with the passage of cold front over the Australian Snowy Mountains (ASM) on 3 August 2018 has been examined using the observational data from an intensive field campaign and high-resolution (1 km) Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation. We divided this event into prefrontal, cold front, and postfrontal periods. The cold front and postfrontal periods were characterized by higher production of graupel, while relatively low graupel was produced in the prefrontal period. Overall, aggregation along with deposition are likely the main growth mechanisms of snow in the prefrontal clouds, while heavy rain was produced below the melting level over windward slopes of the ASM. The simulated melting level is lower compared to the observations, which is consistent with model cold bias. Stronger orographic uplift and frontal forcing were mainly responsible for the enhanced supercooled liquid water (SLW) production over the ASM in the cold front period. A drop in elevation of the freezing level and increase in low-level relative humidity further enhanced the SLW production. The production of graupel through riming processes was highly efficient in the cold front period given the high concentration of ice-phase hydrometeors in the frontal clouds and the development of clouds comprising supercooled liquid water. The orographic updrafts and embedded convection were the main dynamical processes generating postfrontal SLW clouds and graupel. Ice initiation processes were activated once SLW cloud tops reached −15°C level followed by graupel production through riming processes.
Field Amputations Facilitated by a Surgical Extraction Team
Authors: DaVault Lindsay
Published: September 2022

A Case Study is presented to explore how the organization of Surgical Extraction Teams facilitates field amputations allowing for improved patient outcomes in extreme circumstances.
Exploring the Role of Family-School Partnerships in School Choice
Authors: Saltmarsh Jason E.
Published: September 2022

Parental access to useful information about schools continues to be a structural barrier that limits the equity potential of school choice programs. While “information interventions” or simplified and readable knowledge resources show promise for counteracting information disparities between families, this line of research has provided limited insight on the particular preferences and needs of parents or the value of person-to-person interpretive assistance in school decisions. This exploratory study uses qualitative methods to investigate parent-school collaboration for the purpose of school selection in Washington, D.C. Drawing on a social capital framework, this study analyzes information transactions from parents’ perspectives to clarify ways in which school personnel currently function as liaisons of choice. Findings from this study indicate future opportunities for districts to improve the outcome of school choice through better training of school and district personnel.
Melatonin Versus Trazodone for the Treatment of New Onset Insomnia in Hospitalized Adult Patients
Authors: Letsinger Emily , Sickley Rachel , Saum Lindsay
Published: September 2022

Background: New-onset insomnia and other sleep disturbances occur more frequently in the inpatient setting due to a variety of physical and psychological factors. Studies have found that non-pharmacologic interventions can be effective in treating insomnia in the inpatient setting, particularly in the ICU, to prevent adverse outcomes, but further research is needed to identify optimal pharmacologic interventions. Objective: To compare treatment outcomes of patients initiated on melatonin and trazodone to treat new-onset insomnia in non-ICU hospitalized patients based on the need for an additional sleep aid therapy during hospitalization and to compare the rate of adverse events of each agent. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for adult patients admitted to a non-ICU general medicine or surgical floor at a community teaching hospital between July 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021. Patients were included if they were initiated on scheduled melatonin or trazodone for the treatment of new onset insomnia during their hospitalization. Patients were excluded if they had a previous diagnosis of insomnia, were prescribed 2 sleep aids simultaneously, or if their admission medication reconciliation included pharmacologic treatment for insomnia. Clinical data collected included non-pharmacologic interventions, sleep aid dose, number of doses of sleep aid administered, and total number of nights an additional sleep aid was needed. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients needing additional therapy defined as, administering an additional sleep aid between 2100-0600 or utilizing more than 1 sleep aid agent during hospitalization compared between melatonin and trazodone. Secondary outcomes of this study included the rate of adverse events such as difficulty awakening, daytime sleepiness, serotonin syndrome, falls, and development of in hospital delirium. Results: Of 158 included patients, 132 received melatonin and 26 received trazodone. Male sex (53.8% [melatonin] vs. 53.8% [trazodone]; P = 1), hospital length of stay (7.7 vs 7.7 days; P = .68), and administration of drugs that could cause insomnia (34.1% vs 23.1%vs; P = .27) were similar between sleep aids. Percentage of patients needing an additional sleep aid during hospitalization (19.7% vs 34.6%; P = .09), and patients prescribed a sleep aid at discharge (39.4% vs 46.2%; P = .52) were similar between sleep aids, respectively. Rates of adverse events were similar between sleep aids. Conclusions: There was no significant difference between the 2 agents in terms of the primary outcome, even though a higher rate of patients treated with trazodone for new-onset insomnia during hospitalization required an additional sleep aid compared to those treated with melatonin. No difference in adverse events was observed.
Compressive strength of the plastic-bonded explosive surrogate idoxuridine under quasistatic and dynamic compression
Authors: Burch Alexandra C , Euser Virginia K , Morrow Benjamin M , Cady Carl M , Yeager John D
Published: September 2022

Inert simulant materials, or “mocks”, are often used as surrogates for plastic-bonded explosives (PBX) in non-detonative tests in order to mitigate hazards. Mocks should reproduce as many non-detonative properties of the explosive as possible, including structural behavior in a variety of thermal and mechanical environments. Recently, the molecular crystal idoxuridine (IDOX) has been identified as an ideal mock for the main component in the explosive polymer-matrix composite PBX 9501, and has performed favorably under quasistatic loading conditions. Here, in order to assess robustness over a range of mechanical environments, plastic-bonded IDOX was compression tested from 0.001/s to 2000/s strain rates and compared to PBX 9501 historical data. Plastic-bonded IDOX showed good agreement to PBX 9501 across these strain rates, justifying continued development and production as a mock.
Causal Effect of Tooth Loss on Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Matsuyama Y. , Jürges H. , Listl S.
Published: September 2022

Many studies suggest associations between oral health and cardiovascular diseases, but there is a lack of causal evidence. Exploiting exogenous variation in tooth loss in US adults due to differential childhood exposure to fluoridated water, this study investigated the causal effect of tooth loss on cardiovascular diseases. A total of 722,519 participants in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) waves 2006, 2008, or 2010 (birth years 1940–1978) were included in the analytical sample. To identify the effect of tooth loss on having a history of coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke, instrumental variable analysis exploited childhood exposure to drinking water fluoride as an instrument. The weighted prevalence of CHD and stroke histories was 5.1% and 2.1%, respectively. First-stage regression indicated that childhood exposure to drinking water fluoride was a strong instrument for the number of lost teeth in adulthood (coefficient −0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.80, −0.41; F = 37.47). The probability of CHD was significantly higher by 1.04 percentage points (95% CI 0.57, 1.50) per lost tooth. The effect of tooth loss on stroke was significant only for people aged ≥60 y (coefficient 0.93 percentage points; 95% CI 0.14, 1.71). These findings are supportive of a causal effect of tooth loss on cardiovascular diseases among US adults, particularly in older age.
Mental Disorders and Oral Diseases: Future Research Directions
Authors: Joury E. , Kisely S. , Watt R.G. , Ahmed N. , Morris A.J. , Fortune F. , Bhui K.
Published: September 2022

The poor physical health (including oral health) of people with mental disorders is a global problem. The burden of oral diseases among this group is substantial given their high prevalence and ability to increase the personal, social, and economic impacts of mental disorders. This article summarizes causes of mental disorders and oral diseases, critically reviews current evidence on interventions to reduce the burden of oral diseases in people with mental disorders, and suggests future research directions. The relationship between mental disorders and oral diseases is complex due to the shared social determinants and bidirectional interaction mechanisms that involve interconnected social, psychological, behavioral, and biological processes. Research has, to date, failed to produce effective and scalable interventions to tackle the burden of oral diseases among people with mental disorders. Transformative research and actions informed by a dynamic involvement of biological, behavioral, and social sciences are needed to understand and tackle the complex relationship between mental disorders and oral diseases, as well as inform the design of complex interventions. Examples of future research on complex public health, health service, and social care interventions are provided. The design and testing of these interventions should be carried out in real-world settings, underpinned by the principles of coproduction and systems thinking, and conducted by a transdisciplinary team. We propose this starts with setting research priorities and developing complex intervention theory, which we report to support future research to improve oral health and hence physical and mental health in this disadvantaged group.
When Payments Go Social: The Use of Person-to-Person Payment Methods Attenuates the Endowment Effect
Authors: Huang Liang , Savary Jennifer
Published: September 2022

The authors examine how person-to-person (P2P) payment methods affect consumers’ participative pricing decisions. Participative pricing occurs when people choose how much to pay for a good or how much they will sell it for. This pricing mechanism is increasingly common, for example, on platforms like Craigslist, eBay, or Etsy. A successful transaction requires that consumers converge on a mutually acceptable price, yet decades of research on the endowment effect show that sellers often demand more for goods than buyers are willing to pay. The authors propose that compared with traditional payment methods, when consumers use P2P payments they make somewhat more cooperative pricing decisions: buyers are willing to pay a bit more and sellers are willing to accept a bit less. This attenuates the endowment effect and increases the odds of a successful trade. This occurs because even when the trade is with a stranger, P2P payments can subtly activate a social transaction context, cuing the social transaction pricing norm of making more cooperative pricing offers. The authors test these proposals in eight studies using consequential and hypothetical choices, moderation, and mediated moderation. A simulation indicates that compared with traditional payment methods, the use of P2P payments can increase successful transactions in a marketplace by nearly 10%.
Impact of non-exercise activity thermogenesis on physical activity in patients with COPD
Authors: Shirahata Toru , Nishida Yuki , Sato Hideaki , Yogi Sanehiro , Akagami Tomoe , Nagata Makoto , Tanaka Shigeho , Nakamura Hidetoshi , Katsukawa Fuminori
Published: September 2022

Physical inactivity is associated with comorbidities and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Although non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is important for evaluating the physical activity level (PAL) of patients with chronic diseases, it has not yet been assessed in COPD patients. This study included male patients with COPD (n = 28) and high risk for COPD (n = 8). Total energy expenditure (TEE) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were measured using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method and indirect calorimetry, respectively. PAL was calculated as TEE/BMR, while the NEAT was obtained from a questionnaire. Physical activity was also assessed using an accelerometer. The total NEAT score was correlated with PAL (r = 0.534, P < 0.001), while PAL was correlated more strongly with the non-locomotive NEAT score (r = 0.548, P < 0.001) than the locomotive NEAT score (r = 0.278, P = 0.10). Regarding accelerometer-obtained data, this questionnaire mainly reflected steps/day and the duration of light locomotive and non-locomotive daily activities. The NEAT score is a possible option for evaluating PAL in daily clinical practice. The present results indicated that non-locomotive activity may have a greater impact on PAL than locomotive activity in COPD patients.
Children and the Eucharist at the Council of Trent
Authors: O’Brien Christopher M.
Published: September 2022

This article examines the relationship between children and the Eucharist at Trent by studying the Acta of Sessions XIII and XXI and by historically and theologically contextualizing Session XXI. It argues that Trent’s teachings on children and the Eucharist are motivated more by concerns about what is necessary for salvation than by reflection on children’s spiritual growth or membership in the church. While the council adequately articulates the requirements for salvation, it does not offer a comprehensive eucharistic theology, which could lead to deeper reflection on children’s relationship with the Eucharist.
Multi-Modal-based Emotional Contagion from Tourists to Hosts: The Dual-Process Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Shiqin , Chen Nan , Hsu Cathy H.C. , Hao Jin-Xing
Published: September 2022

Emotional reactions and transmissions are crucial to host-tourist interaction yet lacking in research, particularly from the host viewpoint. To deepen understanding of host-tourist interaction, this study took a host perspective to examine emotional contagion from tourists to hosts. By adopting video-vignette based interaction scenarios and cutting-edge techniques (e.g., FaceReader), a real-time multi-modal investigation was undertaken to reveal mechanism underlying emotional contagion of Hong Kong residents from Mainland Chinese tourists. Results theoretically consolidated the dual-process mechanism underpinning automatic emotional contagion and empirically verified an Emotional Contagion Model (ECM) from tourists to hosts. The compelling effects of mimicry, interaction context and stereotypes explained the emotional convergence and divergence between hosts and tourists. The study extended the knowledge boundary of host-tourist interaction to micro-level interpersonal emotional connection. Moreover, the verified ECM theoretically advances emotional contagion mechanism in the social psychology literature. Practical guidelines for host-tourist relation management and sustainable destination development were provided.
Fault-tolerant trajectory tracking control of an unmanned marine vehicle via an adaptive non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control
Authors: Dong Jiayu , Zhao Meijiao , Zhao Li , Cheng Min
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a novel finite-time fault-tolerant trajectory tracking controller is created to render a marine vehicle to enhance tracking performance in the presence of complex unknown variables, including model uncertainties, environmental disturbances, and actuator faults. An adaptive fault-tolerant finite-time sliding mode controller is designed by introducing adaptive control techniques, the non-singular fast terminal sliding mode (NSFTSM) function, and a radial base function (RBF) neural network. The radial base function neural network (RBFNN) is developed to eliminate the influences of model uncertainties and environmental disturbances. A fault compensation by integrating the adaption technique is designed to reduce the effects of actuator faults and approximation errors. Suffering from uncertainties and actuator faults, the proposed finite-time tracking controller can track the desired trajectory with high precision. Simulation results and compared simulations indicate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed controller.
Infant Feeding Practices and Social Support Networks Among Immigrant Chinese American Mothers With Economic Disadvantage in New York City
Authors: Duh-Leong Carol , Yin H. Shonna , Salcedo Vanessa , Mui Angel , Perrin Eliana M. , Yi Stella S. , Zhao Qiuqu , Gross Rachel S.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Maternal social support promotes healthy infant feeding practices, which influence healthy growth and development. Less is known about how the interplay of social support networks and multicultural health beliefs may influence infant feeding practices, particularly among immigrant Chinese American mothers with economic disadvantage and low breastfeeding rates.

Research Aim:

To explore the role of social support networks in the development of infant feeding practices in immigrant Chinese American mothers with infants.

Methods:

This was a prospective, cross-sectional qualitative study where we conducted semi-structured interviews in Mandarin, Cantonese, or English with Chinese American mothers of infants ( N = 25) at a federally qualified health center in the Sunset Park neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. Data were analyzed by a multicultural, multidisciplinary team using qualitative thematic analysis and the constant comparative method to identify and iteratively refine emerging codes.

Results:

Three themes emerged describing how broad transnational communities and close family and friends influence maternal-infant feeding practices: (1) Gathering and processing infant feeding information from broad transnational resources (i.e., from both the mother’s country of residence and the mother’s country of origin); (2) aligning maternal feeding attitudes with cultural health beliefs of local social networks; and (3) gaining confidence with transactional maternal–infant feeding interactions.

Conclusions:

Strategies to promote healthy infant feeding should consider how family supports and culturally-relevant coaching can help align multilevel transnational social networks with healthy infant feeding practices.
Utility of a Diabetes Medication Poster in a Primary Care Clinic
Authors: Shamsi Wasif E. , Mersfelder Tracey L. , Kavanaugh Kevin J.
Published: September 2022

Background: Diabetes with related complications is a common disease state seen in primary care and available therapies have increased exponentially. It is difficult for a busy primary clinician to know and utilize these options efficiently. Objective: The objective was to determine whether creating a diabetes medication poster that included costs, drug classification, adverse effects, and clinical outcomes/contraindications/cautions for use in an internal medicine/medicine-pediatric clinic improves resident and faculty knowledge, comfort, and awareness of those medications. Methods: This quality improvement prospective study was designed to evaluate the utility of a diabetes medication poster in a medicine/medicine-pediatric clinic over a 2-month period. A pre and post survey was electronically sent to all residents and faculty to assess their level of confidence and knowledge of diabetes medication treatment before and after the poster was distributed. This study was classified as exempt by the Institutional Review Board. Results: There were 40 physicians that responded to the pre survey and 31 to the post survey. Both surveys revealed >90% agreed or strongly agreed that the poster would decrease risk of adverse reactions, help control cost, and increase confidence to providers about diabetic medications. The knowledge score increased pre vs post survey ( P = .0398). Conclusion: There are a myriad of tools that can be utilized to help navigate complex diseases. Posters have rarely been evaluated. Physicians viewed the diabetes medication poster as favorable to help decrease adverse effects and cost while increasing knowledge. Areas where visual aids could be effective without overwhelming the providers should be explored.
Analysis on wear patterns and mechanisms of carbide tool for face-hobbing of spiral bevel gear
Authors: Cheng Yao-Nan , Ma Chun-Jie , Zhang Jian-Yu , Zhou Huan
Published: September 2022

Spiral bevel gear is widely used in the automotive and aerospace manufacturing industries, and the machining process is complex and the material is difficult to cut. The characteristics of high hardness, strong chemical reactivity and poor heat dissipation make the machinability of 20CrMnTi poor for face-hobbing machining of spiral bevel gear. In the process of cutting, there are some problems such as severe tool wear, poor machining quality and low machining efficiency caused by higher cutting force and higher cutting temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to study and analyze the wear experiment of the cutting tools of spiral bevel gear for face-hobbing deeply. Firstly, under the single factor experimental conditions, the wear patterns of inside blade and outside blade are observed and analyzed at different rotational speeds, and the tool wear conditions are detected and measured analysis. Secondly, the tool wear morphology and element distribution of rake face and flank face of inside blade and outside blade are analyzed by scanning electron microscope and energy spectrometer, and the tool wear mechanism for face-hobbing of spiral bevel gear is discussed in depth. The results demonstrate that chipping and fracture are the main patterns of tool wear; the tool wear mechanism are mainly embodied in adhesive wear, diffusion wear and oxidation wear. The tool wear is mainly distributed on the main cutting edge, top edge and corner radius, and the top edge and corner radius are more seriously worn. The research results can provide an effective basis for exploring the tool wear mechanism and improving the tool life, and provide technical support for the design and development of gear machining tools.
Expanded agroecological niches and redistributed risks in northern Peru’s Chicama Valley during late-Holocene ENSO climate changes
Authors: Vining Benjamin R , Hillman Aubrey , Contreras Daniel A , Tejedor Ernesto
Published: September 2022

South American arid lands present unique constellations of climatic risk to their human inhabitants, due to volatile events that can create markedly different hydroclimate conditions over interannual–centennial scales. However, a main driver of such volatility – the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) – occurs with semiregular periodicity. Paleoclimatic and archeological evidence indicate not only that the strength and periodicity of ENSO patterns have changed over the late-Holocene, but their impacts were likely recognized, adapted to, and perhaps capitalized upon by agriculturalists employing adaptive risk strategies. We examine relationships over the last 1.3 kyr between ENSO periodicity, ecological transitions, and archeological settlement in Peru’s Chicama Valley through a coupled paleohydroclimate and agroecology model. We reconstruct periods when ENSO-like conditions dominated past hydroclimates and present a quantitative, spatially-explicit analysis of ecological productivity during modern ENSO-positive hydroclimate conditions. We show that archeological settlement patterns are sensitive to these transformations and reflect efforts to capitalize on expanded agroecological niches. Such expanded niches potentially offset the adverse impacts and risks associated with abrupt ENSO climate events. These results suggest archeological communities were aware of ENSO risk and managed productive strategies accordingly, highlighting the importance of a risk calculus that considers the net ecological effects of climate events.
Self-Perception and Psychological Well-Being as Determinants of Classroom Behavior of Students With and Without Learning Disability
Authors: Veni R.K.  , Merlene Annie Marie
Published: September 2022

Background:

Studies in the field of learning disability (LD) have repeatedly shown that majority of the LD students experience negative social comparisons, result in negative self-perception (SP), especially in the classrooms. Literature has also described that these students are more prone to develop mental health issues which may reflect in the way they behave within the classroom. Though studies have been found done separately on some of the dimensions of SP, psychological well-being (PWB), and classroom behavior (CRB) on learning disabled and their normal peers, no scientific study was found done together either in India or abroad.

Objectives:

The study aims at comparing the differences in SP, PWB, and CRB of students with and without LD. The study has also attempted to assess the relationship and influence of SP and PWB on CRB of the learning-disabled students from the schools of Kerala.

Method:

A representative sample of learning disabled (N = 225) and normal pupils (N = 260) was selected for the study. The data was collected using a scale of SP, mental health profile, and CRB inventory along with a personal information sheet. The data was analyzed using (a) independent t test (two tailed t test for significant difference between the means of independent samples), (b) computation of statistical indices like mean, percentages, and standard deviation, (c) Pearson’s product moment coefficient of correlation ( r), and (d) stepwise multiple regression analysis.

Result:

Results indicated that the pupils with LD were found to show lower SP, low PWB, and exhibit poor CRB in comparison to their normal peers. It was observed that there is a significant positive relationship found among all the major variables under the study namely, SP, PWB, and CRB of the learning-disabled students in the schools of Kerala. Findings also revealed that SP and PWB has a combined effect on CRB and PWB was found to be a better predictor of CRB of the learning-disabled students.

Conclusion:

The result of the study implies the need for enhancing the SP and PWB of LD students so as to improve their CRB with the help of psychologists, special educators, teachers, and other school authorities.
Experiences With Suicide Loss: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mary McDaniel Becky , Daly Patricia , Pacheco Christy L. , Crist Janice D.
Published: September 2022

To better understand suicide loss survivors’ experiences and barriers to accessing support and mental health care, 28 (21 women and 7 men) suicide loss survivors were interviewed. Using qualitative analysis of 28 in-depth, semi-structured phone interviews data, three categories emerged: Life before Suicide, Life after Suicide, and Meaning of Life. This deeper understanding of suicide loss survivors along with inclusion of experiences of male and rural participants’ suicide loss, fill previously identified research gaps. Our findings suggest importance in providing emotional support and mental health resources to those with suicide intent or experiences with suicide loss. Most importantly, the recognition of suicide loss survivors extends beyond the immediate family and includes cousins, friends, and work associates. Recognition of extended suicide loss survivors’ bereavement will provide additional opportunities for healthcare providers to effectively intervene with this vulnerable population.
Efficacy of a Decision Support Intervention on Decisional Conflict Related to Hepatocellular Cancer Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liao Yueh-Ling , Wang Tsae-Jyy , Su Chien-Wei , Liang Shu-Yuan , Liu Chieh-Yu , Fan Jun-Yu
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of decision support intervention on treatment knowledge, decision self-efficacy, decisional conflict, and decision satisfaction in patients with hepatocellular cancer. The study was a randomized controlled trial. In all, 69 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were recruited and randomly assigned to a decision support group or a control group. Data were collected at baseline, post-test, and follow-up using self-report questionnaires. After controlling for baseline scores, the between-group difference (95% confidence interval [CI]) for treatment-related knowledge in post-test scores was 11.9 (6.1, 17.8). After controlling for baseline scores, the between-group difference (95% CI) for decisional conflict was −7.0 (−12.0, −2.0). There was no statistically significant between-group difference in decision self-efficacy and decision satisfaction. Findings supported the efficacy of decision support intervention to improve treatment knowledge and reduce decisional conflict but had no significant effect on decision self-efficacy and decision satisfaction in patients with HCC.
Development and Validation of the Academic Persistence Outcome Expectations Scale
Authors: Kozlowski Michael B. , Fouad Nadya A.
Published: September 2022

Outcome expectations, an integral theoretical component of social cognitive career theory, remains almost completely unexamined in the domain of academic persistence, or the decision a student makes to remain in college. This study sought to develop a theoretically derived scale to measure outcome expectations. An initial item pool was developed and sent to a sample of college students. A second, confirmatory sample of undergraduate students was collected via an online crowdsourcing platform. Results suggested the presence of a two-factor structure was the most parsimonious solution across both samples. The two factors retained across both samples reflected positive and negative outcome expectations that students perceived about remaining in college for the year. Limitations and implications are discussed.
Safety and Efficacy of Endovascular Treatment on Pregnancy-Related Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Lu Zhao-Xuan , Wei Heng-Le , Shi Yadong , Huang Hao , Su Haobo , Chen Liang
Published: September 2022

Objective: This study investigates the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatments on pregnancy-related iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data of 46 patients who had symptomatic pregnancy-related iliofemoral DVT and underwent endovascular treatment. The patients treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) were classified as the CDT group. In contrast, those treated with CDT combined with pharmacomechanical thrombectomy (PMT) or angioplasty/stenting were classified as the pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis (PCDT) group. Results: Based on the immediate post-operative clot burden reduction rate analysis of 46 patients: 22 cases were completely dissolved (lysis grades III), 12 were partially dissolved (lysis grades II), and 12 failed (lysis grades I). There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of clot burden reduction between the CDT group (n = 19) and the PCDT group (n = 27) ( p = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of bleeding events between the two groups ( p = 0.989). At 24 months, cumulative venous patency in the CDT group was 50.0%, compared to 78.2% in the PCDT group. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference in Villalta score (p = 0.001) and venous severity scoring (VCSS score) (p = 0.005) between the two groups. Conclusions: CDT treatment combined with PMT or angioplasty/stenting is comparatively safe and effective for pregnant-related DVT patients. PCDT outperforms CDT in terms of immediate efficacy and reduces the incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome with better midterm outcomes.
Bilateral synchronous conjunctival myxoma and review of the literature
Authors: Lin Timothy P.H. , Wan Kelvin H. , Cheuk Wah , Leung Enne , Yuen Hunter K.L. , Lam Dennis S.C.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to report the clinicopathological features and management of the first case of bilateral synchronous conjunctival myxoma.

Methods

This study was a case report and literature review.

Results

A 66-year-old Chinese male with past ocular history of uncomplicated bilateral phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOLs) 3 years ago prior to presentation presented with bilateral red and swollen conjunctiva for over a year. On examination his corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 25/20 in the right eye 20/20 in the left eye. Slit lamp examination revealed swollen temporal conjunctiva bilaterally which appeared as painless, well-circumscribed, salmon-pink, fleshy patches. The lesion in the right eye was subsequently excised, followed by excision of the lesion in the left eye at 3-week interval. Microscopically, histopathological examination of both excised specimens revealed hypocellular conjunctival mucosa covered by non-dysplastic epithelium, with presence of myxoid degeneration in the subepithelial stroma and immunostaining findings consistent with conjunctival myxoma. At his latest follow-up at 24 months, there were no recurrences of the conjunctival masses and the CDVA was the same as preoperatively.
Disability and Indigenous resistance: mapping value politics during the time of COVID-19
Authors: Yellowhorse (Diné Nation) Sandra
Published: September 2022

This article is about value politics and Indigenous resistance in the time of COVID-19. The effects of the pandemic on our global community have fuelled rhetoric of productivity—advancing collective lamentations of losing our normal lives within wider socio-political dialogue. This article examines how global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic amplified the visibility of settler-colonial histories in union with capitalist discourses to form value politics that impact Indigenous and disabled communities. Mapping wider social dialogue through time, I focus on current economy-based solutions in the call to return to a social normal at the risk of disabled communities. Such global responses are premised on capitalist logics of productivity and ableism which continue to disproportionately impact marginalised communities. By mapping rubrics of value within two settler nation states—the United States and Aotearoa New Zealand—I offer another rubric of value predicated on Diné (Navajo) practices of relationship and resistance.
The standardisation of transitional justice
Authors: Gissel Line Engbo
Published: September 2022

This article argues that transitional justice (TJ) has recently been standardised: There is now a two-tiered global standard of TJ which structures policy responses and academic thinking. TJ comprises criminal justice, truth-telling, reparation and institutional reform – four core elements in a ‘comprehensive’ approach. The standard involves specifications for design, procedure and performance and draws on a selection of seemingly unambiguous international legal norms. Paradoxically, it claims to eschew a one-size-fits-all formula, while promoting uniformity in diverse contexts. It is moreover unclear whether its implementation generates beneficial effects in society. Building on existing research on international standardisation as an international political and sociological phenomenon, the article analyses the recently developed TJ standard and presents the first account of the process of TJ standardisation. It demonstrates how processes of ‘generification’ and ‘localisation’ make practices transferable and establish the means to facilitate their replication in and across different contexts and settings. These processes are illustrated drawing on existing scholarship from around the world that highlights the acceptance and contestation of and resistance to the standard. After analysing these processes, the article discusses the implications of TJ standardisation for societies, scholarship and global governance.
Barriers and facilitators for obtaining support services among underserved families with an autistic child: A systematic qualitative review
Authors: Wallace-Watkin Carla , Sigafoos Jeff , Waddington Hannah
Published: September 2022

Families of autistic children from underserved populations participate in support services at lower rates than other families. To better understand possible reasons for this inequity, we reviewed qualitative studies examining parent-reported barriers and facilitators to accessing and participating in support services. A systematic search identified 18 articles that met inclusion criteria. Resulting thematic analysis located three themes: (a) support service accessibility, (b) diversity of support services, and (c) community. Parents reported that financial pressures, geographic location, and service flexibility influenced their ability to obtain support services. Implications for service delivery and areas for future research are discussed.

Lay abstract

Families from underrepresented ethnic or racial groups and those with limited financial resources could experience more difficulty in accessing support services for their autistic child due to certain types of barriers. We searched academic journals, websites, and other sources for studies which looked at what barriers might be present for such families and what might help families access support services for their autistic child. The search found 18 studies. Results from each study were examined and coded into themes. Parents reported that accessibility, diversity of support services, and stigma influenced their experiences with support services. We discuss what these findings might mean for future research and for service delivery.
Rainbows over the world’s public health: determinants of health models in the past, present, and future
Authors: Dyar Oliver J. , Haglund Bo J. A. , Melder Cecilia , Skillington Tracey , Kristenson Margareta , Sarkadi Anna
Published: September 2022

The need to visualise the complexity of the determinants of population health and their interactions inspired the development of the rainbow model. In this commentary we chronicle how variations of this model have emerged, including the initial models of Haglund and Svanström (1982), Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991), and the Östgöta model (2014), and we illustrate how these models have been influential in both public health and beyond. All these models have strong Nordic connections and are thus an important Nordic contribution to public health. Further, these models have underpinned and facilitated other examples of Nordic leadership in public health, including practical efforts to address health inequalities and design new health policy approaches.

Apart from documenting the emergence of rainbow models and their wide range of contemporary uses, we examine a range of criticisms levelled at these models – including limitations in methodological development and in scope. We propose the time is ripe for an updated generic determinants of health model, one that elucidates and preserves the core value in older models, while recognising the developments that have occurred over the past decades in our understanding of the determinants of health. We conclude with an example of a generic model that fulfills the general purposes of a determinants of health model while maintaining the necessary scope for further adjustments to be made in the future, as well as adjustments to location or context-specific purposes, in education, research, health promotion and beyond.
Sociodemographic characterisation of antibiotic heavy users in the Danish elderly population
Authors: Jensen Maria L.V. , Aabenhus Rune M. , Holzknecht Barbara J. , Bjerrum Lars , Siersma Volkert , COrdoba Gloria , Jensen Jette N.
Published: September 2022

Aims:

The development of effective interventions to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics in the elderly population requires knowledge on who can benefit from such interventions. Thus, we aimed to identify and characterise antibiotic heavy users among elderly patients in general practice with respect to sociodemographic variables.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective nationwide register-based study on all Danish elderly citizens (⩾65 years) who redeemed an antibiotic prescription in 2017. Heavy users were defined as the 10% with the highest excess use, that is, their recorded use minus the average use for their sex, age group and comorbidity level as estimated from a linear regression model. Comparative analyses of sociodemographic characteristics (civil status, employment status, urbanity, educational level and country of origin) of heavy users and non-heavy users were performed using logistic regression models.

Results:

The study population consisted of 251,733 elderly individuals, who in total redeemed 573,265 prescriptions of antibiotics. Heavy users accounted for 68% of all excess use of antibiotics. In multivariable analyses, individuals with an educational level above basic schooling, non-retired, residing in an urban municipality and being born in a country outside Scandinavia all had lower odds of being a heavy user. Widowed, divorced or single individuals had higher odds of being a heavy user compared with married individuals. Relative importance analyses showed that civil status and educational level contributed considerably to the explained variance.

Conclusions:

This study found an association between sociodemographic characteristics and risk of being a heavy user, indicating that sociodemographic variation exists with regard to antibiotic prescribing.
Mediated by the giants: Tracing practices, discourses, and mediators of platform isomorphism in a media organization
Authors: Laaksonen Salla-Maaria , Koivula Minna , Villi Mikko
Published: September 2022

News media are increasingly interwoven with social media platforms. Building on institutional theory, we trace the repercussions of the platform infrastructure inside a media organization by focusing on organizational discourses and practices in connection with the journalistic use of social media. The empirical material includes interviews, field notes, chat logs, and documents collected from a public service media organization during a 6-month on-site and virtual ethnography. The findings show how platform pressures intertwine with content production, audience representation, journalistic values, and organizational development, thus manifesting the infrastructuralization and institutionalization of platforms in the media industry. While the interviewees articulated tensions related to adopting social media, the fieldwork data revealed forms of mimetic and normative isomorphism, mediated by platform data and professional roles in the organization. Moreover, the platform infrastructure seems to cultivate both critical and aspirational talk in the organization, which implies a more complex relationship beyond coercive platform power.