bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 on adolescent sexual life and attitudes: have we considered all the possible secondary effects of the pandemic?
Authors: Kostopoulou Eirini
Published: March 2023

A significant increase in pornography use has been reported in the adolescent population worldwide over the past few years, with intensification of the phenomenon during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the present review is to provide data on the frequency of pornography consumption among adolescents during the pandemic and raise awareness about its potential impact on personal beliefs and sexual attitudes in the long term. A comprehensive literature review was performed in two scientific databases using the crossmatch of the terms “pornography”, “adolescents” and “COVID-19”. A significant increase in pornography consumption in adolescents was documented during the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of social detachment. Fulfilment of sexual desires in the context of social distancing, alleviation of COVID-19-related boredom and psychological strain, and coping with negative emotions are some of the reported reasons for increased pornography use during the pandemic. However, concerns have been raised in the literature regarding potentially negative effects of excessive pornography use from an early age, including the development of pornography addiction, sexual dissatisfaction and aggressive sexual attitudes reinforced by gender preoccupations and sexual inequality beliefs.

Conclusion: The extent to which increased pornography consumption from an early age during the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected adolescents’ mental well-being, personality construction and sexual behaviour is yet to be seen. Vigilance from the society as a whole is required so that potential negative adverse effects of adolescent pornography use and potential social implications are recognized early and managed. Further research is needed so that the full impact of the COVID-19-related pornography use in the adolescent population is revealed.

What is Known:•A significant increase in pornography consumption has been documented in the adolescent population worldwide over the past decades due to its quick, affordable and easy access from electronic devices and the possibility of anonymous and private participation.•During the COVID-19 pandemic, this phenomenon was intensified as a coping mechanism to social isolation and increased psychosocial strain.

What is New:•Concerns have been raised regarding the risk of pornography addiction in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, making the post-pandemic adaptation challenging.•Awareness is raised in parents, health care providers and policy makers about the potential negative impacts of pornography consumption from an early, vulnerable age, such as sexual dissatisfaction and development of aggressive sexual attitudes and sex inequality beliefs.
Nutritional management of children with acute kidney injury—clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce
Authors: Vega Molly R. Wong , Cerminara Dana , Desloovere An , Paglialonga Fabio , Renken-Terhaerdt José , Walle Johan Vande , Shaw Vanessa , Stabouli Stella , Anderson Caroline Elizabeth , Haffner Dieter , Nelms Christina L. , Polderman Nonnie , Qizalbash Leila , Tuokkola Jetta , Warady Bradley A. , Shroff Rukshana , Greenbaum Larry A.
Published: March 2023

The nutritional management of children with acute kidney injury (AKI) is complex. The dynamic nature of AKI necessitates frequent nutritional assessments and adjustments in management. Dietitians providing medical nutrition therapies to this patient population must consider the interaction of medical treatments and AKI status to effectively support both the nutrition status of patients with AKI as well as limit adverse metabolic derangements associated with inappropriately prescribed nutrition support. The Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce (PRNT), an international team of pediatric renal dietitians and pediatric nephrologists, has developed clinical practice recommendations (CPR) for the nutritional management of children with AKI. We address the need for intensive collaboration between dietitians and physicians so that nutritional management is optimized in line with AKI medical treatments. We focus on key challenges faced by dietitians regarding nutrition assessment. Furthermore, we address how nutrition support should be provided to children with AKI while taking into account the effect of various medical treatment modalities of AKI on nutritional needs. Given the poor quality of evidence available, a Delphi survey was conducted to seek consensus from international experts. Statements with a low grade or those that are opinion-based must be carefully considered and adapted to individual patient needs, based on the clinical judgment of the treating physician and dietitian. Research recommendations are provided. CPRs will be regularly audited and updated by the PRNT.
Physical activity, obesity, and quality of life among rural Australian cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Leach Michael J. , Barber Georgina , Monacella Stephanie , Jamieson Philip , Trinh Thi , Vo Ngan , Schmidt Ulla , Byrne Anny , Ristevski Eli
Published: March 2023

Purpose

We aimed to describe physical activity (PA), obesity, and quality of life (QoL) among rural Australian cancer survivors, assess whether total and item-specific QoL are associated with sufficient PA and obesity, and assess whether PA and obesity interact with respect to QoL.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, convenience sampling was used to recruit adult cancer survivors via a chemotherapy day unit and allied health professionals at a rural hospital in Baw Baw Shire, Australia. Exclusion criteria were acute malnutrition and end-of-life care. PA and QoL were measured using Godin-Shephard and 7-item Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-G7) questionnaires, respectively. Factors associated with total and item-specific QoL were assessed via linear and logistic regression, respectively.

Results

Among 103 rural cancer survivors, the median age was 66 years, 35% were sufficiently physically active, and 41% presented with obesity. Mean/median total QoL scores were 17 on the FACT-G7 scale (0–28; higher scores indicate better QoL). Sufficient PA was associated with better QoL ($$\widehat{\upbeta }$$β^=2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26, 4.33) and more energy (odds ratio [OR] = 4.00, 95% CI = 1.48, 10.78) while obesity was associated with worse QoL ($$\widehat{\upbeta }$$β^=-2.09; 95% CI = -4.17, -0.01) and more pain (OR = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.29, 11.68). The PA-obesity interaction was non-significant (p-value = 0.83).

Conclusions

This is the first known study conducted among rural survivors of any cancer to find sufficient PA and obesity are associated with better and worse QoL, respectively. PA, weight management, and QoL—including energy and pain—should be considered when targeting and tailoring supportive care interventions for rural cancer survivors.
Almost-Riemannian manifolds do not satisfy the curvature-dimension condition
Authors: Magnabosco Mattia , Rossi Tommaso
Published: March 2023

The Lott–Sturm–Villani curvature-dimension condition$$\textsf{CD}(K,N)$$CD(K,N)provides a synthetic notion for a metric measure space to have curvature bounded from below byKand dimension bounded from above byN. It was proved by Juillet (Rev Mat Iberoam 37(1), 177–188, 2021) that a large class of sub-Riemannian manifolds do not satisfy the$$\textsf{CD}(K,N)$$CD(K,N)condition, for any$$K\in {\mathbb {R}}$$K∈Rand$$N\in (1,\infty )$$N∈(1,∞). However, his result does not cover the case of almost-Riemannian manifolds. In this paper, we address the problem of disproving the$$\textsf{CD}$$CDcondition in this setting, providing a new strategy which allows us to contradict the one-dimensional version of the$$\textsf{CD}$$CDcondition. In particular, we prove that 2-dimensional almost-Riemannian manifolds and strongly regular almost-Riemannian manifolds do not satisfy the$$\textsf{CD}(K,N)$$CD(K,N)condition for any$$K\in {\mathbb {R}}$$K∈Rand$$N\in (1,\infty )$$N∈(1,∞).
Wie wirken Antidepressiva? Weil sie einen Serotoninmangel im Gehirn ausgleichen?
Authors: Erfurth Andreas , Sachs Gabriele
Published: March 2023

Es kommt selten vor, dass ein neurochemisches Thema ausführlich in einem Zeitungsartikel behandelt wird. Am 8. November 2022 stellte die New York Times fest: Antidepressiva wirken nicht so, wie viele Menschen denken. Die Wirksamkeit der selektiven Serotonin-Rückaufnahme-Inhibitoren (SSRI) wird in dem Artikel anerkannt; allerdings würden die SSRIs nicht deswegen wirken, weil sie eine „chemische Imbalance“ korrigierten.

In diesem Artikel sollen die Grundlagen der Wirkungsweise von Serotonin-Rückaufnahme-Inhibitoren dargestellt und im Zusammenhang mit der oben erwähnten Debatte diskutiert werden.
Electrocorticographic Activation Patterns of Electroencephalographic Microstates
Authors: Mikutta Christian A. , Knight Robert T. , Sammler Daniela , Müller Thomas J. , Koenig Thomas
Published: March 2023

Electroencephalography (EEG) microstates are short successive periods of stable scalp field potentials representing spontaneous activation of brain resting-state networks. EEG microstates are assumed to mediate local activity patterns. To test this hypothesis, we correlated momentary global EEG microstate dynamics with the local temporo-spectral evolution of electrocorticography (ECoG) and stereotactic EEG (SEEG) depth electrode recordings. We hypothesized that these correlations involve the gamma band. We also hypothesized that the anatomical locations of these correlations would converge with those of previous studies using either combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-EEG or EEG source localization. We analyzed resting-state data (5 min) of simultaneous noninvasive scalp EEG and invasive ECoG and SEEG recordings of two participants. Data were recorded during the presurgical evaluation of pharmacoresistant epilepsy using subdural and intracranial electrodes. After standard preprocessing, we fitted a set of normative microstate template maps to the scalp EEG data. Using covariance mapping with EEG microstate timelines and ECoG/SEEG temporo-spectral evolutions as inputs, we identified systematic changes in the activation of ECoG/SEEG local field potentials in different frequency bands (theta, alpha, beta, and high-gamma) based on the presence of particular microstate classes. We found significant covariation of ECoG/SEEG spectral amplitudes with microstate timelines in all four frequency bands (p = 0.001, permutation test). The covariance patterns of the ECoG/SEEG electrodes during the different microstates of both participants were similar. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate distinct activation/deactivation patterns of frequency-domain ECoG local field potentials associated with simultaneous EEG microstates.
Decolonizing Zemiology: Outlining and Remedying the Blindness to (Post)colonialism Within the Study of Social Harm
Authors: Wright Edward J.
Published: March 2023

This paper hosts the first meaningful dialogue between two important epistemic movements for criminology: zemiology and decolonisation. I identify that zemiology has a disciplinary blindness to colonialism and explain this using Gurminder K. Bhambra’s scholarship—and cognate scholarship—as a frame. Three cases—Pemberton’s Harmful Societies, Grenfell, and Border Zemiology—are selected for their critical importance within zemiology. They are used to argue that zemiology works within a standard narrative of modernity characterised by capitalist nation-states, which does not recognise the colonial foundations of both of these. Capitalist modernity is, however, a colonial formation. Recognising this allows for a better understanding for a wide range of harms. I then discuss future directions for decolonial zemiology, advocating not for expansion of repertoire, but canonical revision so that colonialism is afforded space as an explanatory frame and zemiology can better explain social harm on a global level.
Real-Time Visual Recognition of Ramp Hand Signals for UAS Ground Operations
Authors: de Frutos Carro Miguel Ángel , LópezHernández Fernando Carlos , Granados José Javier Rainer
Published: March 2023

We describe the design and validation of a vision-based system that allows the dynamic identification of ramp signals performed by airport ground staff. This ramp signals’ recognizer increases the autonomy of unmanned vehicles and prevents errors caused by visual misinterpretations or lack of attention from the pilot of manned vehicles. This system is based on supervised machine learning techniques, developed with our own training dataset and two models. The first model is based on a pre-trained Convolutional Pose Machine followed by a classifier, for which we have evaluated two possibilities: A Random Forest and a Multi-Layer Perceptron based classifier. The second model is based on a single Convolutional Neural Network that classifies the gestures directly imported from real images. When experimentally tested, the first model proved to be more accurate and scalable than the second one. Its strength relies on a better capacity to extract information from the images and transform the domain of pixels into spatial vectors, which increases the robustness of the classification layer. The second model instead is more adequate for gestures’ identification in low visibility environments, such as during night operations, conditions in which the first model appeared to be more limited, segmenting the shape of the operator. Our results support the use of supervised learning and computer vision techniques for the correct identification and classification of ramp hand signals performed by airport marshallers.
Poor Karnofsky performance status is not a contraindication for neurosurgical resection in patients with lung cancer brain metastases: a multicenter, retrospective PSM-IPTW cohort study
Authors: Liang Lun , Wen Liangbao , Qin Shixing , He Zhenqiang , Lu Jie , Cui Run , Jiang Xiaobing , Hu Hongrong , Zhong Sheng , Li Chang , Yu Chengwei , Xie Yuang , Wang Zhenning , Duan Hao , Mou Yonggao
Published: March 2023

Backgound

Neurosurgical resection is a standard local treatment for lung cancer brain metastases (BMs). This study aims to investigate whether neurosurgical resection provides survival benefit in lung cancer BMs with poor KPS.

Materials and methods

This multicenter retrospective study included 386 lung cancer BMs with pretreatment KPS ≤ 70 among a total of 1177 lung cancer BMs treated at three centers from August 2010 to July 2021. Data analysis was performed from July to September 2022. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and propensity scores matching (PSM) based on propensity scoring were used to minimize bias. The main outcome was overall survival (OS) after diagnosis of BMs. Risk factors of OS were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. All Characteristics were included in the multivariate Cox regression.

Results

386 patients with pretreatment KPS ≤ 70 were included (age mean [SD], 57.85 [10.36] years; KPS mean [SD], 60.91 [10.11]). Among them, 111 patients received neurosurgical resection, while 275 patients did not. Baseline characteristics were balanced between groups after IPTW or PSM. Neurosurgical resection was associated with significantly better prognosis in unadjusted multivariate COX analysis (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–0.91, P = 0.01), and PSM-adjusted multivariate COX analysis (HR: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.39–0.94, P = 0.03), IPTW-adjusted multivariate COX analysis (HR: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.40–0.84, P = 0.004). OS was significantly longer in neurosurgical resection group compared with non-surgical resection group according to unadjusted data (Median OS, surgery vs non-surgery, 14.7 vs 12.5 months, P = 0.01), PSM-adjusted data (median OS, 17.7 vs 12.3 months, P < 0.01) and IPTW-adjusted data (median OS, 17.7 vs 12.5 months, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Neurosurgical resection was associated with improved survival in patients with lung cancer BMs with poor KPS, suggesting that poor KPS is not a contraindication for neurosurgical resection in these patients.
Modeling Framework for the Simulation of an Electric Smelting Furnace Considering Freeze Lining Formation
Authors: Rodrigues Christian M. G. , Wu Menghuai , Ishmurzin Anton , Hackl Gernot , Voller Nikolaus , Ludwig Andreas , Kharicha Abdellah
Published: March 2023

The use of freeze linings to protect pyrometallurgical furnaces from chemically corrosive molten slags is a widespread technique in industrial processes. The main goal of the present study is to establish a modeling framework that considers fluid flow, heat transfer, and slag solidification to simulate freeze-lining formation and its dependency on operating conditions. A mixture continuum solidification model, which had been used for the solidification of metal alloys, was employed. Several parametric studies have been conducted to better understand the smelting process. The results demonstrate that the model can capture freeze-lining formation and predict the global energy balance and flow behavior of the smelting furnace. The freeze-lining thickness was shown to depend on heat removal intensity during the process and slag bath chemistry. A direct relationship between the average temperature in the refractory and freeze-lining thickness was also observed. This is an important indicator for furnace operators in controlling the furnace operation parameters. This improved knowledge offers the potential to further optimize furnace operations and reduce energy costs and environmental impacts. A discussion was presented on the different modeling assumptions considered and potential future model refinements.
Surgical treatment of urachal remnants in an adult population—a single-centre experience
Authors: Ryan Paul C. , Kelly Caroline , Afridi Irfan , Fawaz Aisling , Aboelmagd Mohammed , Cullen Ivor M. , Keane John P. , Daly Padraig J.
Published: March 2023

Background

Urachal remnants are a rare congenital defect resulting from failure of obliteration of a fibrous tube that connects the umbilicus to the bladder dome during embryological development. Oftentimes a urachal remnant will go undiagnosed, but occasionally a patient may present with a variety of symptoms, ultimately leading to the identification of the remnant. Given its rarity, there is very limited literature available on the management of symptomatic urachal remnants, especially in adults. Surgical resection has been the first-line management of urachal remnants for years, especially given the risk of the development of urachal adenocarcinoma secondary to recurrent infection, persistent irritation, and urinary stasis associated with some urachal remnants.

Aim

We present our experience in the management of symptomatic urachal remnants in adults at our institute and perform a brief literature review of the same.

Methods

A retrospective review of all cases who underwent surgical management of symptomatic urachal remnants between December 2015 and January 2022 was performed. Seven cases of urachal remnant excision in total were identified over the time period. Patient characteristics and perioperative parameters were analysed. Post-operative complications were measured in accordance with the Clavien-Dindo grading system.

Result

In total, 7 cases of urachal remnants were treated at our institute over the study period. Four patients were treated with a TURBT and 3 patients were treated with a laparoscopic partial cystectomy. There were no intraoperative complications and one post-operative complication requiring readmission for intravenous antibiotics. There was one mortality but this was not as a direct result of the operative procedure. Mean length of stay was 1.71 days. Two of patients had histologically confirmed urachal adenocarcinoma and the remaining five patients had benign histology. Each patient was seen in the outpatients department 6 weeks post-operatively for clinical review and review of histology. No further follow-up was required for the patients with benign histology given resolution of symptoms and follow-up for the malignant histology was arranged appropriately following MDM.

Conclusion

There is a paucity of data available on the management of urachal remnants in the adult population; however, an endoscopic or laparoscopic approach is a safe and effective method of excising symptomatic urachal remnants.
On Local and Nonlocal Discrete p-Laplacian Equations via Clark’s Theorem
Authors: Stegliński Robert
Published: March 2023

By employing Clark’s theorem we prove the existence of infinitely many homoclinic solutions to the local and nonlocal discrete p-Laplacian equations on the integers. Our results extend and correct the reasoning of some recent findings expressed in the literature.
Antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum of quinolizidines isolated from three controlled-growth Genisteae plants: structure–activity relationship implications
Authors: Cely-Veloza Willy , Yamaguchi Lydia , Quiroga Diego , Kato Massuo J. , Coy-Barrera Ericsson
Published: March 2023

The Genisteae tribe belongs to the Fabaceae family. The wide occurrence of secondary metabolites, explicitly highlighting the quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs), characterizes this tribe. In the present study, twenty QAs (1–20), including lupanine (1–7), sparteine (8–10), lupanine (11), cytisine and tetrahydrocytisine (12–17), and matrine (18–20)-type QAs were extracted and isolated from leaves of three species (i.e., Lupinus polyphyllus ('rusell' hybrid), Lupinus mutabilis, and Genista monspessulana) belonging to the Genisteae tribe. These plant sources were propagated under greenhouse conditions. The isolated compounds were elucidated by analyzing their spectroscopical data (MS, NMR). The antifungal effect on the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum (Fox) of each isolated QA was then evaluated through the amended medium assay. The best antifungal activity was found to be for compounds 8 (IC50 = 16.5 µM), 9 (IC50 = 7.2 µM), 12 (IC50 = 11.3 µM), and 18 (IC50 = 12.3 µM). The inhibitory data suggest that some QAs could efficiently inhibit Fox mycelium growth depending on particular structural requirements deduced from structure–activity relationship scrutinies. The identified quinolizidine-related moieties can be involved in lead structures to develop further antifungal bioactives against Fox.
Improving Wildfire Probability Modeling by Integrating Dynamic-Step Weather Variables over Northwestern Sichuan, China
Authors: Chen Rui , He Binbin , Quan Xingwen , Lai Xiaoying , Fan Chunquan
Published: March 2023

Wildfire occurrence is attributed to the interaction of multiple factors including weather, fuel, topography, and human activities. Among them, weather variables, particularly the temporal characteristics of weather variables in a given period, are paramount in predicting the probability of wildfire occurrence. However, rainfall has a large influence on the temporal characteristics of weather variables if they are derived from a fixed period, introducing additional uncertainties in wildfire probability modeling. To solve the problem, this study employed the weather variables in continuous nonprecipitation days as the “dynamic-step” weather variables with which to improve wildfire probability modeling. Multisource data on weather, fuel, topography, infrastructure, and derived variables were used to model wildfire probability based on two machine learning methods—random forest (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The results indicate that the accuracy of the wildfire probability models was improved by adding dynamic-step weather variables into the models. The variable importance analysis also verified the top contribution of these dynamic-step weather variables, indicating the effectiveness of the consideration of dynamic-step weather variables in wildfire probability modeling.
Cognitive Functions in Compulsive Buying-Shopping Disorder: a Systematic Review
Authors: Thomas Tobias A. , Joshi Maithilee , Trotzke Patrick , Steins-Loeber Sabine , Müller Astrid
Published: March 2023

Purpose of the Review

To provide a systematic review of experimental studies concerning cognitive functions in compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) and to evaluate the studies as supporting or not supporting the affective and cognitive interactions proposed by the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors.

Recent Findings

The results of the present review concerning CBSD mirror findings regarding cue reactivity and disadvantageous decision making in other addictive behaviors, but they also demonstrate a relative lack of experimental studies addressing other cognitive domains such as attentional bias, inhibitory control, implicit associations, or Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer. Experimental work on physiological and neural correlates of affective and cognitive mechanisms and their interaction in CBSD is still at the beginning.

While a reasonable number of experimental neuropsychological studies support the application of the I-PACE framework to CBSD, future research is required to systematically examine affective and cognitive interactions in CBSD.
Riemann–Roch coefficients for Kleinian orbisurfaces
Authors: Lim Bronson , Rota Franco
Published: March 2023

Suppose $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
is a smooth, proper, and tame Deligne–Mumford stack. Toën’s Grothendieck–Riemann–Roch theorem requires correction terms, involving components of the inertia stack, to the standard formula for schemes. We give a brief overview of Toën’s Grothendieck–Riemann–Roch theorem, and explicitly compute the correction terms in the case of an orbifold surface with stabilizers of types ADE.
A new multi-attribute decision making approach based on new score function and hybrid weighted score measure in interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy environment
Authors: Qin Hongwu , Peng Qiangwei , Ma Xiuqin , Zhan Jianming
Published: March 2023

Interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy sets (IVFFSs) were introduced as a more effective mathematical tool for handling uncertain information in 2021. In this paper, firstly, a novel score function (SCF) is proposed based on IVFFNs that can distinguish between any two IVFFNs. And then, the novel SCF and hybrid weighted score measure were used to construct a new multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) method. Besides, three cases are used to demonstrate that our proposed method can overcome the disadvantages that the existing approaches cannot obtain the preference orderings of alternatives in some circumstances and involves the existence of division by zero error in the decision procedure. Compared with the two existing MADM methods, our proposed approach has the highest recognition index and the lowest error rate of division by zero. Our proposed method provides a better approach to dealing with the MADM problem in the interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy environment.
Tri-functional lanthanum-based biochar for efficient phosphorus recovery, bacterial inhibition, and soil fertility enhancement
Authors: Jia Xiuxiu , Zhao Xue , Zhou Yingtang , Li Fan , Liu Wen , Huang Yimin , Zhang Hucai , Ma Jinxing , Hu Guangzhi
Published: March 2023

Excess phosphorus (P) in water can lead to eutrophication and upset ecological balance. In this study, biochar with ultrathin two-dimensional nanosheets from the natural mesocarp of shaddock was chosen as the carrier. The highly dispersed and small particle size of La(OH)3 on the surface of the nanosheets (MSBL3) was successfully achieved using chemical impregnation for the adsorption of P in aqueous solution, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 260.0 mg P g−1 [La]. The differences in surface crystallization of La(OH)3 on biochar at different La loadings were analyzed using the high-precision characterization methods. After six adsorption–desorption cycles, MSBL3 retained 76.7% of its initial performance in terms of the P adsorption capacity. The preparation of 1 g of MSBL3 costs about RMB 1, and it could reduce the P concentration in 2.6 ton of Laoyu River water to below the eutrophication threshold; and the inhibitory effect of MSBL3 on the eutrophication of water bodies was confirmed by the growth state of water hyacinth. Furthermore, 0.1 M MSBL3 could inhibit Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus up to 98.7% and 85.0%, respectively, which indicates that MSBL3 can be used to recover P from water and also to improve water quality. In addition, the growth of the maize seedlings verified that the P-absorbed MSBL3 waste is a good soil fertilizer and can solve the problem of post-treatment of the adsorbent. In conclusion, MSBL3 prepared in this study is a promising P sorbent for application.

Graphical Abstract
A History of Music at Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin
Authors: Boydell Barra
Published: March 2023

Christ Church cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in a catholic country. Musical and archival sources (the most extensive for any Irish cathedral) provide a unique perspective on the history of music in Ireland.
Skepticism, the Virtue of Preemptive Distrust
Authors: BRENNAN JOHNNY
Published: March 2023

How does trust operate under conditions of oppression? Little attention has been paid to how distrust may be both necessary and costly to its bearer. Distrust is clearly warranted under certain conditions, but do those conditions contribute to a reduction in one's overall well-being? More importantly, is there something about distrust itself (rather than the conditions that warrant it) that contributes to this reduction in well-being? In this essay, I explore these questions in depth. I explain what the costs of distrust are and how they impede our well-being. I argue that the weakened development of trust through oppression has some important downstream consequences: namely, it requires the cultivation of skepticism as a virtue of distrust, which I argue should be included as one of Lisa Tessman's burdened virtues—those that are required for survival but that do not necessarily lead to the agent's flourishing.
Finding Homeplace within Indigenous Literatures: Honoring the Genealogical Legacies of bell hooks and Lee Maracle
Authors: Brant Jennifer
Published: March 2023

This article maps out a pedagogical juncture of bell hooks's feminist theory of homeplace (hooks 2007) and Indigenous maternal pedagogies as liberatory praxis through a journey with Indigenous women's literatures. I position this work as a response to the call to transform feminist theorizing through Indigenous philosophies as articulated in a recentHypatiaspecial issue (Bardwell-Jones and McLaren 2020, 2). The article documents hooks's theory of homeplace as a space of resistance and renewal and shares insights into Indigenous experiences of homeplace within historical and contemporary contexts of genocide, and the ongoing racialized and sexualized violence on Turtle Island. I discuss finding homeplace in Indigenous literatures by sharing a genealogy of Indigenous women's literatures as theorizing tools for engaging social change within academic spaces. To bring this work full circle, I offer Indigenous perspectives of homeplace, and the lessons gleaned from Indigenous women's literatures, as intentional work toward imagining Indigenous futurities. Indeed, connecting this work with liberatory pedagogical praxis imagines a site to establish homeplace in academic settings and empower students to engage in the kind of work that fosters and calls for safer homes, schools, and communities.
Clinical outcomes associated with blood-culture contamination are not affected by utilization of a rapid blood-culture identification system
Authors: Khan Sidra Liaquat , Haynatzki Gleb , Medcalf Sharon J. , Rupp Mark E.
Published: March 2023

Objective:

Contaminated blood cultures result in extended hospital stays and extended durations of antibiotic therapy. Rapid molecular-based blood culture testing can speed positive culture detection and improve clinical outcomes, particularly when combined with an antimicrobial stewardship program. We investigated the impact of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) FilmArray Blood Culture Identification (BCID) system on clinical outcomes associated with contaminated blood cultures.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving secondary data analysis at a single institution. In this before-and-after study, patients with contaminated blood cultures in the period before PCR BCID was implemented (ie, the pre-PCR period; n = 305) were compared to patients with contaminated blood cultures during the period after PCR BCID was implemented (ie, the post-PCR implementation period; n = 464). The primary exposure was PCR status and the main outcomes of the study were length of hospital stay and days of antibiotic therapy.

Results:

We did not detect a significant difference in adjusted mean length of hospital stay before (10.8 days; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.8–11.9) and after (11.2 days; 95% CI, 10.2–12.3) the implementation of the rapid BCID panel in patients with contaminated blood cultures (P = .413). Likewise, adjusted mean days of antibiotic therapy between patients in pre-PCR group (5.1 days; 95% CI, 4.5–5.7) did not significantly differ from patients in post-PCR group (5.3 days; 95% CI, 4.8–5.9; P = .543).

Conclusion:

The introduction of a rapid PCR-based blood culture identification system did not improve clinical outcomes, such as length of hospital stay and duration of antibiotic therapy, in patients with contaminated blood cultures.
THE EMBEDDING PROPERTY FOR SORTED PROFINITE GROUPS
Authors: LEE JUNGUK
Published: March 2023

We study the embedding property in the category of sorted profinite groups. We introduce a notion of the sorted embedding property (SEP), analogous to the embedding property for profinite groups. We show that any sorted profinite group has a universal SEP-cover. Our proof gives an alternative proof for the existence of a universal embedding cover of a profinite group. Also our proof works for any full subcategory of the sorted profinite groups, which is closed under taking finite quotients, fibre products, and inverse limits. We also show that any sorted profinite group having SEP has a sorted complete system whose theory is
$\omega $
-categorical and
$\omega $
-stable under the assumption that the set of sorts is countable.
The natural course of otitis media with effusion in infants who failed universal newborn hearing screening: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hu Y-L , Xia Z-F , Tuo W-B , Yuan C-H , Guo W-N , Yao C
Published: March 2023

Objectives

To analyse the natural course of infants with otitis media with effusion who failed universal newborn hearing screening and to explore the appropriate observation period.

Methods

This retrospective cohort analysis included infants with otitis media with effusion who failed universal newborn hearing screening every 3 months for 12 months.

Results

The average recovery time of the 155 infants was 7.08 ± 0.32 months after diagnosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that frequent reflux, maxillofacial deformities and initial hearing status were independent factors affecting recovery. Moreover, the cumulative recovery of most infants with mild hearing loss and infants with moderate hearing loss accompanied by frequent reflux was significantly higher at six months after diagnosis than at three months.

Conclusion

For most infants with mild hearing loss, as well as those with moderate hearing loss accompanied by frequent reflux, the observation period can be extended to six months after diagnosis.
An African perspective on the genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii: A systematic review
Authors: du Plooy Ilze , Mlangeni Malitaba , Christian Riann , Tsotetsi-Khambule Ana M.
Published: March 2023

The study of Toxoplasma gondii genotypes is beneficial for detecting strains linked to increased disease severity and uncovering the processes involved in the transmission and distribution of this zoonotic parasite. A systematic review of literature was conducted to investigate the present status of T. gondii genetic diversity in African countries and among host species on the continent. Data from the results in the included studies were sorted, reviewed and descriptively analysed using tables, graphs and maps. Results indicate that there is a relative amount of genetic diversity with a clear difference in the population structure between geographical regions and the propensity for unique and regional genotypes to be predominant in tropical rainforest biomes, near the equator. From a clinical perspective, connections between specific T. gondii genotypes and disease manifestations were found. Theories are outlined on the dissemination of African T. gondii genotypes to other continents. The overrepresentation of samples from one geographical area and dissimilar genotyping methodologies creates challenges when concluding on the genetic diversity of T. gondii in Africa. The need for uniform genotyping methods with a continent-wide sampling of an extensive host range involving humans, domestic animals and wildlife is emphasized.
‘No one around to shut the dead eyes of the human race’: Sartre, Aron, and the limits of existentialism in the Nuclear Age
Authors: Zala Benjamin
Published: March 2023

The Nuclear Age is said to be defined by the notion of existential threat. The ability to destroy human societies in their entirety with a single class of weaponry raises profound questions about human existence. It even gives us a new form of species extinction – ‘thermonuclear omnicide’. Unsurprisingly, existentialism was a philosophy that found its feet in the shadow of the bomb. This article explores the possibilities and limits of an existentialist approach to nuclear dangers. It contrasts the views of two figures central to early existentialism: Jean-Paul Sartre and Raymond Aron. Sartre responded to the existential threat of nuclear war with moral outrage about the ‘unreality’ of the Cold War politics driving the arms race and an existentialist call to reject militaristic social norms. Aron, a key figure in early IR realism, famously rejected existentialism and turned instead to outlining norms for an international society that might better restrain nuclear-armed decision-makers. Bringing Sartre’s and Aron’s post-Second World War discussions into the new century, this article argues that the ongoing, and even growing, threats posed by nuclear weapons highlight the limits of Sartre’s approach as a guide to authentic existence in modern life. Instead, it supports Aron’s more conservative approach but also draws on Existentialism to extend it, strengthening the nuclear taboo for the sake of human survival as a persistent but urgent political project. At a moment in IR when scholars and other analysts are once again critiquing the fragile norms of global order and speculating about the dawn of a ‘Third Nuclear Age’, theoretical reflection on the politics of existential threats and the hard choices they entail remain indispensable aspects of IR’s theoretical toolkit. While Sartre and other existentialists argued convincingly that existence precedes essence, Aron reminds us that survival remains a precondition for both.
Caregiver sensitivity supported young children’s vocabulary development during the Covid-19 UK lockdowns
Authors: MCGILLION Michelle , DAVIES Catherine , KONG Shannon P. , HENDRY Alexandra , GONZALEZ-GOMEZ Nayeli
Published: March 2023

Previous studies have shown that caregivers’ sensitive, responsive interactions with young children can boost language development. We explored the association between caregivers’ sensitivity and the vocabulary development of their 8-to-36-month-olds during COVID-19 when family routines were unexpectedly disrupted. Measuring caregivers’ sensitivity from home interaction videos at three timepoints, we found that children who experienced more-sensitive concurrent interactions had higher receptive and expressive vocabularies (N=100). Children whose caregivers showed more-sensitive interactions at the beginning of the pandemic showed greater expressive vocabulary growth six (but not 12) months later (n=58). Significant associations with receptive vocabulary growth were not observed. Our findings highlight the importance of sensitivity at a time when other positive influences on language development were compromised.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Emergency Transferred Patients with Foreign Body Airway Obstruction in Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Suga Ryotaro , Igarashi Yutaka , Norii Tatsuya , Kogure Takuya , Kamimura Hiroki , Yoshino Yudai , Suzuki Kensuke , Yokobori Shoji , Ogawa Satoo , Yokota Hiroyuki
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO) is a life-threatening emergency, and the prognosis of patients with FBAO is greatly affected by the prehospital process. There are only a few large-scale studies analyzing prehospital process databases of the fire department.

Study Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate whether characteristics of patients with FBAO were associated with prehospital factors and outcomes.

Methods:

In this retrospective observational study, patients transferred to the hospital by the Tokyo, Japan Fire Department for FBAO from 2017 through 2019 were included. The association between neurologically favorable survival among the characteristics of patients with FBAO and prehospital factors affecting the outcomes was evaluated.

Results:

Of the 2,429,175 patients, 3,807 (0.2%) patients had FBAO. The highest number of FBAO cases was 99 (2.6%), which occurred on January 1 (New Year’s Day), followed by 40 cases (1.1%) on January 2, and 28 cases (0.7%) on January 3. The number of patients who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) caused by FBAO was 1,644 (43.2%). Comparing the OHCA and non-OHCA groups, there were significant differences in age, sex, time spent at the site, and distance between the site and hospital. Cardiac arrest was significantly lower in infants after FBAO (P < .001). In total, 98.2% of patients who did not have return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) before hospital arrival died within 30 days, a significantly higher mortality rate than that in patients who had ROSC (98.2% versus 65.8%; P < .001).

Conclusions:

Among patients who did not have ROSC following FBAO upon arrival at the hospital, 98.2% died within 30 days. Thus, it is important to remove foreign bodies promptly and provide sufficient ventilation to the patient at the scene to increase the potential for ROSC. Further, more precautions should be exercised to prevent FBAO at the beginning of the year.
Terrorist Attacks against Sports Venues: Emerging Trends and Characteristics Spanning 50 Years
Authors: Rahman Grace R. , Jasani Gregory N. , Liang Stephen Y.
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Sports venues foster community and support local economies. Due to their capacity to host hundreds to thousands of spectators, sports venues are vulnerable to becoming targets of terrorism. Types of venues targeted, regional trends, and methods of attack employed world-wide have not been well-described.

Methods:

A search of the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) was conducted from 1970 through the end of 2019. Pre-coded variables for target type “business” and target subtype “entertainment/cultural/stadium/casino” were used to identify attacks involving venues where sports events might be viewed by spectators as part of an audience. Sports venues were specifically identified using the search terms “sport,” “stadium,” ”arena,” and “ring,” as well as mention of any specific sport. Two authors then manually reviewed each entry for specific information to confirm appropriateness for inclusion, selecting preferentially for attacks against venues where watching a sports event was the primary focus for the majority of the attendees. Descriptive statistics were performed using R (3.6.1).

Results:

Seventy-four (74) terrorist attacks targeting sports venues were identified from January 1, 1970 through December 31, 2019. Thirty-three (33) attacks, or 44.6% of attacks, involved soccer stadiums or soccer venues, while 33.8% of attacks (25 attacks) involved unspecified sports venues. A bombing or explosion was the most frequent method of attack employed, comprising 87.8% of attacks. The highest number of attacks occurred in the Middle East & North Africa. In total, 213 persons died and 699 more were wounded in attacks against sports venues.

Conclusion:

Although terrorist attacks against sports venues are uncommon, they carry the risk of mass casualties, especially when explosives are used. A greater understanding of the threat posed by terrorist attacks against sports venues can aid emergency preparedness planning and future medical responses.
Student Research Participation in South Korea
Authors: Yi Joseph , Shin Jiwon , Buchok Anastasiya , Han Sukhee
Published: March 2023

In South Korea, government regulations constrain the resources of higher (tertiary) education, especially non-STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) departments. Resource constraints, in turn, reinforce a culturally Confucian hierarchy that restricts the participation of lower-rank members (e.g., high school and undergraduate students). This more-regulated, formal-education sector does not reflect the increasingly diverse cultural preferences (e.g., utilitarian and expressive) of Korean students. Many students, acting as consumers, exit to alternative sectors, including formal-educational institutions abroad and informal, private supplemental education at home, which offer more student research opportunities. This article develops and illustrates three theoretical propositions with relevant literature and secondary data as well as participant observations and interviews with Korea-based students. Arguably, our propositions and findings are relevant to other countries with gaps between formal education and consumer preferences and with consumer exit options.
Victorian Humanity in Colonial Korea, Where Asians Did Not See Themselves as the Other
Authors: Lee Ji Eun
Published: March 2023

This article reconsiders the racial hierarchies rendering the nonwhite race as the Other in Anglo-American Victorian studies by examining the case of colonial Korea, where both the colonizer and the colonized were people of color. In colonial Korea, reading Victorian and Edwardian literature enabled Koreans to find an alternative humanity beyond the imperial Japanese modernity that stigmatized them. I briefly review how Asian critics located in colonial Korea read Samuel Smiles's Self-Help and Thomas Hardy's Tess of the d'Urbervilles. I suggest that their findings included the idea of humanity as a liberal, autonomous self and an environmental subject, both of which challenge the Japanese imposition of modern citizenship named as hwang-gook-shin-min (皇國臣民). I argue that such a response to Victorian literature from a locational perspective not affected by the hierarchical binaries of race or empire suggests that we as contemporary Victorianists (located around the globe) consider “transimperial” solidarity to explore a connection with others outside our immediate national community regardless of racial difference. It also urges us to promote “planetarity” in our reading to embrace willful dislocation accepting heterogeneous locationalities against homogenizing globalization.