bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual diagnosis in pediatrics: an interactive clinical case of a combination of two hereditary diseases
Authors: Putintsev A. N. , Voinova V. Yu. , Gorchkhanova Z. K. , Nikolsky D. A. , Gusev K. Ya.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the possibility of applying the case method for teaching the diagnosis of orphan diseases on a specific example. The article presents the possibilities of virtual diagnostics of a rare clinical case — a combination of two hereditary diseases: Angelman and Wiedemann—Steiner syndromes. The authors have developed a web application that allows you to reproduce the process of differential diagnostics using multimedia technologies. At each stage of virtual diagnostics, it is necessary to analyze the information received so far about the patient, determine the plan for further examination, refer the patient for consultations to specialists and form diagnostic hypotheses. To assess the correctness of the choice of the doctor’s actions, questions are provided. As a result of passing the case, an integral score is calculated and displayed on the screen — the sum of points for correct answers. Repeated passage of virtual diagnostics usually increases the quantitative criterion, and most importantly helps to consolidate the knowledge necessary for proper diagnosis. An interactive clinical case can be used in the process of training students at medical universities as an additional tool, as well as to improve the skills of pediatricians who can meet with this pathology in their practice. The use of the case-based learning in the educational process allows not only to conduct the learning doctor through the stages of the virtual diagnostic process but also to assess the correctness of the choice of the option of their actions, to explain the wrong decision in a particular situation.
On the cyclical development of healthcare in the Russian Federation
Authors: Rykov M. Yu. , Manerova O. A. , Dolgopolov I. S.
Published: November 2022

Any system, including the health care system, maintains stability, integrity and adapts to the requirements of evolution due to the changes introduced into it at the stages of development. None of the health systems are flawless and all are improving in various ways. The article provides an overview of the stages of development of healthcare in the Russian Federation based on an analysis of the regulatory legal framework over the past thirty years. As an illustration, an analysis of the organization of medical care for children with cancer was carried out.
Features of COVID-19 in children
Authors: Volgina S. Ya. , Sachkova O. G. , Sadykov M. M. , Gamirova R. G. , Kurmaeva E. A.
Published: November 2022

The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection is predominantly asymptomatic or presenting few symptoms in children, and life-threatening complications are rare. In most cases, symptoms of ARVI are observed, such as fever, cough, myalgia, or weakness, which are milder than in adult patients. In addition, most laboratory and radiographic findings in children with COVID-19 are nonspecific. However, some children may develop prolonged forms of COVID-19, as well as long-term symptoms (post-COVID syndrome) after the illness, which significantly affect the quality of life. There are different data regarding the prevalence and duration of long-term effects of a new coronavirus infection in children. The most common symptoms following COVID-19 in children/teens are fatigue, lack of concentration, and muscle pain. The review presents the latest literature data on the duration and course of COVID-19 in children. It should be remembered that long-term symptoms could affect the physical, social, and psychological well-being of children and adolescents in the future.
Gastrointestinal tract lesion in children with COVID-19: from pathogenesis to clinical manifestations
Authors: Pozdnyak V. A. , Khaliullina S. V. , Anokhin V. A.
Published: November 2022

Since the beginning of the pandemic, the new coronavirus infection has been regarded primarily as a respiratory disease. By now, it has become obvious that COVID-19 is a systemic infectious process with multiple organ damage. Having affinity for ACE-2 receptors, the virus can infect the cells of the respiratory tract, as well as the cells of the cardiovascular and nervous systems and smooth muscle structures of various organs. Expression of ACE-2 by enterocytes of the small intestine makes the gastrointestinal tract vulnerable in COVID-19 disease and leads to the manifestation of symptoms of gastrointestinal damage, which is often observed in clinical practice. Gastrointestinal symptoms usually include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, which can occur both at the onset and during the disease. Several mechanisms are described to explain these changes in COVID-19.
Management of arterial hypertension: practical aspects in young athletes
Authors: Sadykova D. I. , Lutfullin I. Ya. , Habibrahmanova Z. R.
Published: November 2022

Regular physical activity has a positive effect on blood pressure, but despite this fact, arterial hypertension in athletes, including children and adolescents, is a common problem. It is known that an increase in blood pressure is the most common cardiac symptom detected on pre-competition examination or physical performance testing. The risk factors for hypertension in young athletes are generally similar to those in the child and adolescent population as a whole, but some risk factors exist that are specific to athletes. The article discusses the possibilities of admittance of young athletes to sports competitions and the main aspects of drug and non-drug therapy.
Development and anatomo-physiological features of kidneys in premature newborns
Authors: Daminova M. A. , Safina A. I.
Published: November 2022

A premature baby in need of resuscitation after birth is exposed to damaging factors that affect the entire body, including the kidneys. The review considers the stages of development and identifies the main anatomical and physiological features of the kidneys in premature babies. The main risk factor for the development of pathology associated with immaturity of the kidneys in preterm infants is imperfect glomerular and tubular functions of the kidneys, a large capillary surface of the kidneys, high renal blood flow, imperfect regulation of the acid-base balance, and the ability to concentrate, which become untenable under the influence of external loads. Any damaging factor in the antenatal period in premature infants, considering the anatomical and physiological characteristics and the imperfect compensatory response from the kidneys, can permanently change the structure of the kidneys, which will lead to the development of chronic kidney disease in the future. Proper management of premature newborns, considering the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the kidneys, will significantly reduce the risk of severe complications and mortality among premature newborns, and improve the long-term clinical prognosis in such children.
Risk factors, trends of neurological disorders, and outcomes of neonatal periventricular hemorrhages
Authors: Gaynetdinova D. D. , Karimova L. K. , Kazakova F. M. , Gamirova R. G.
Published: November 2022

Periventricular hemorrhage is bleeding from the subependymal germinal matrix, which results in severe motor disorders, mental and speech developmental delay.

Purpose. The study aims to evaluate risk factors, the trends of neurological disorders, and the outcomes of neonatal periventricular hemorrhage in children whose mothers were on gravidary anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet therapy.

Material and methods. The study examined 160 newborns with PVH: Group I — 53 (37.9%) children born from pregnancy on the background of antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant therapy for hypercoagulation syndrome; Group II — 87 (62.1%) children born from pregnancy on the background of antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant therapy to treat degree 1A uteroplacental blood flow disorders; Group III — 20 children born from pregnancy without corticosteroids and antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant therapy. All newborns underwent clinical and neurological examination and neurosonography; data on somatic and obstetric anamnesis were obtained from accompanying medical records.

Results. In children of Groups I and II a more severe condition of newborns with periventricular hemorrhage at birth was noted, a slower dynamics of restoration of muscle-postural tone and the pace of psychomotor development were observed compared to children in Group III. In Groups I and II a high incidence of epilepsy (5.7%) and cerebral palsy (6.4%) by 12 months of corrected age was revealed compared with the population.

Conclusion. Gravidary anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy might be considered as a risk factor for the development of intracranial hemorrhages and severe neurological disorders: epilepsy, cerebral palsy, mental and motor developmental delays.
The influence of nasal and oropharyngeal mucosal dysbiosis on the condition of the middle ear in children with congenital cleft palate
Authors: Andreeva I. G. , Mamleev R. N. , Marapov D. I. , Nesterov O. V.
Published: November 2022

Disturbance of the microbiocenosis of the nasal cavity and oropharynx in children with congenital cleft palate presents serious therapeutic difficulties. Pathobionts colonizing the upper respiratory tract and chronic adenoiditis pose a threat of acute purulent otitis media and chronic otitis media with effusion. The authors studied nasal and oropharyngeal mucosal dysbiosis in patients before elective uranoplasty and the effect of dysbiotic manifestations on the condition of the middle ear in the postoperative period. The results of microbiological examination of 80 swabs from the nasal cavity and oropharynx in patients with congenital cleft palate were analyzed. Among the culture-positive results in patients in clinical and laboratory remission of ENT-infections dysbiosis of 2–3 degrees prevails, the presence of bacterial-bacterial and bacterial-fungal associations is often noted, the predominance of gram-negative microflora is noted. There was an increase in the frequency of perforations of the tympanic membrane in the presence of bacterial and fungal associations, the appearance of retraction pockets in the presence of gram-negative microflora, the relationship between grade 3 dysbiosis and the appearance of purulent otitis media after uranoplasty were revealed.

Conclusion. Disturbance of microbiocenosis in patients with congenital cleft palate before uranoplasty requires the inclusion of a microbiological study in the preoperative preparation schedule and a personalized approach to perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis.
Gastrointestinal side effects of iron supplements: potential effects on gut microbiota
Authors: Balashova E. A. , Shadrina I. L. , Pogodina A. A.
Published: November 2022

Iron deficiency anemia remains a significant problem in pediatric practice with its prevalence of 6–40% in the Russian Federation. Oral iron supplementation is the most common first-line treatment especially in outpatient setting. Despite adequate efficacy of oral supplementation, the problem of its side effects and, primarily, gastrointestinal toxicity remains. This review examines the issue of the potential effect of iron supplementation on gut microbiota composition, presents data from studies in animal models and in clinical studies.
The content of potassium in biosubstrates in young athletes
Authors: Rylova N. V. , Samoilov A. S. , Zholinsky A. V. , Bolshakov I. V.
Published: November 2022

Purpose. To study the features of potassium metabolism in young athletes based on the analysis of its concentration in biological substrates.

Material and methods. The study involved 123 children aged 12 to 17 years. Four groups were formed: control (n=26), swimmers (n=33), hockey players (n=45), fencers (n=19). Samples were studied using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Saliva and hair were used as substrates for analysis.

Results. As a result of our study, it was found that in the control group, the content of potassium in saliva was significantly higher than in young athletes of all groups (p<0.001). At the same time, it was also shown that the content of potassium in the hair of people professionally involved in sports is significantly higher than that of the control group (p><0.01). The use of correlation analysis made it possible to identify a negative statistically significant relationship between the indicators of potassium concentrations in saliva and in hair (R=–0.72; p><0.001). Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the formation of potassium content in saliva and hair are probably related and may reflect the peculiarities of mineral metabolism processes in young athletes. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms of mineral metabolism in young athletes. Key words: children, young athletes, potassium, physical development, deficiency of bioelements>˂0.001). At the same time, it was also shown that the content of potassium in the hair of people professionally involved in sports is significantly higher than that of the control group (p˂0.01). The use of correlation analysis made it possible to identify a negative statistically significant relationship between the indicators of potassium concentrations in saliva and in hair (R=–0.72; p˂0.001).

Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the formation of potassium content in saliva and hair are probably related and may reflect the peculiarities of mineral metabolism processes in young athletes. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms of mineral metabolism in young athletes.
Acute hepatitis as an independent form of mixed (herpetic and new coronavirus) infections in a child
Authors: Khaliullina S. V. , Anokhin V. A. , Khaertynov Kh. S. , Khoder M. A. , Pozdnyak V. A. , Raimova Yu. A.
Published: November 2022

To date, the association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with the reactivation of herpes viruses has been determined. This has been proven not only by the results of laboratory studies, but also by a clinically confirmed subsequent manifestation of the herpetic process. The article describes a clinical case of Epstein–Barr viral and cytomegalovirus infections reactivation after COVID-19. The child was diagnosed with anicteric form of hepatitis of herpetic etiology. Hepatitis, moderate anicteric form. During treatment, the patient’s condition improved. Complete clinical recovery with normalization of the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransaminases occurred 1 month after the onset of the disease, but the level of lymphocytes and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase still remained moderately elevated. According to the ultrasound of the abdominal organs, the size of the liver returned to normal. The presented case illustrates that mixed infections are a quite possible situation during the COVID-19 pandemic, which must be taken into account when working with such patients.
Craniofacial polyossal fibrous dysplasia
Authors: Kulakova G. A. , Solovyeva N. A. , Kurmaeva E. A. , Volgina S. Ya. , Nikiforova E. V. , Davletshina G. I. , Kuptsova D. O.
Published: November 2022

Fibrous dysplasia is a rare anomaly of bone tissue development, in which it is replaced by fibrocystic tissue. A clinical case of a patient with a craniofacial polyossal form of fibrous dysplasia is presented. At the age of 13, a child had a constant intense headache, which was accompanied by dizziness, tinnitus, cognitive impairment, deformity of the frontal region and lower jaw on the right, local pigmentation in the neck and face (coffee-and-milk-like stains). Brain tomography and osteoscintigraphy visualized a volumetric formation in the right half of the skull bones, in which fibrotic dysplasia was revealed during histological examination.

Conclusion. To establish this diagnosis, a combination of pain syndrome with deformation of the facial part of the skull and histological examination is important.
Figurate erythemas and herpetic infection in children
Authors: Fatkullina G. R. , Anokhin V. A. , Sabitova A. M.
Published: November 2022

Herpetic infections are distinguished by a diverse clinical picture — this is primarily the so-called «recurrent respiratory diseases» or a recurrent variant of a chronic infectious process in the form of a so-called «mononucleosis-like syndrome,» characteristic of almost every «herpetic nosology,» persistent subfebrile condition, and febrile condition. Often, against the background of herpetic infections, various kinds of exanthems manifest, and this is not only a vesicular rash during infection with the herpes simplex virus. In practice, pediatricians often have to deal with other types of exanthems, one way or another associated with herpes infections. The article discusses 2 clinical observations of relatively unusual manifestations of chronic herpetic infections accompanied by erythema in patients aged 16 years. Photo documents of the dynamics of the skin process and laboratory parameters against the background of antiviral therapy are presented.
Cornelia de Lange syndrome
Authors: Solovyeva N. A. , Kurmaeva E. A. , Kulakova G. A. , Volgina S. Ya. , Rudnitskaya A. A. , Samigullina R. R. , Danilaeva N. M.
Published: November 2022

The article presents the results of dynamic monitoring of a patient with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. The patient was born with archetypal facial features, multiple stigmas of dysembriogenesis, pre– and postnatal growth retardation and perinatal pathology of the brain in the form of spastic tetraparesis. Later, the child progressed with psychomotor development delay, hearing and vision disorders. Based on the conducted examination, consultations of specialists, including genetics, the diagnosis of «Cornelia de Lange syndrome» was established. To make this diagnosis, specific facial features in combination with additional criteria are sufficient.
Clinical manifestations of Angelman syndrome
Authors: Kurmaeva E. A. , Volgina S. Ya. , Solovyeva N. A. , Kulakova G. A.
Published: November 2022

The diagnosis of genetic disorders is always difficult. Early detection of Angelman syndrome is complicated by the similarity of its clinical manifestations with other diseases. The purpose of the study was to describe the clinical manifestations in children with Angelman syndrome in order to identify early and characteristic clinical signs. In the study of patients, it was revealed that the hereditary history was aggravated in one patient, the obstetric history — in all women. Clinical manifestations debuted in children at an early age, only in one patient from birth. In all children, changes were recorded on the electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. The patients were consulted by a geneticist. Awareness of the medical community contributes to the timely detection of signs of the disease and the establishment of a diagnosis. The sooner the diagnosis is established, the higher the chances of providing the patient with effective care.
MEHMO syndrome: complexity of verifying the diagnosis
Authors: Shaydullina M. R. , Karpova O. A. , Shakirova A. R. , Demina N. A.
Published: November 2022

MEHMO syndrome (OMIM: 300148; ORPHA: 85282) is a disease appears by mental retardation, epilepsy seizures, hypogonadism, microcephaly, and obesity. Pathology is associated with mutations in the EIF2S3 gene located on the X chromosome and leads usually to serious disability of patients. The article presents a clinical observation of the case of the syndrome in two male cousins with microcephaly, manifested by a complex of endocrinopathies (hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, multiple adenohypophysis hormone deficiency) and accompanied by severe neurological abnormalities (epilepsy, spastic tetraparesis, optic nerve atrophy). The complexity of the diagnostic due to the rarity of this syndrome, is described.
Early diagnostics of motor disorders in children: an interdisciplinary approach
Authors: Volgina S. Ya. , Zhurkova N. V. , Gamirova R. G. , Nikolaeva E. A. , Solovyeva N. A.
Published: November 2022

Assessment of motor development is an important part of the study of the neuropsychic development of children, which is carried out by a pediatrician during preventive examinations. To identify the causes of motor disorders, in addition to studying the anamnesis, it is necessary to conduct a physical examination of the child with the appointment of additional research methods. It is important to remember that developmental delay does not always indicate the presence of any disease but requires dynamic monitoring. However, if they progress, then these patients are more likely to be diagnosed with specific neuromuscular disorders. In this case, the pediatrician should pay attention to the neurological status of the child, assess visual acuity and hearing. At the same time, one should not forget that motor disorders are often combined with a general developmental delay (mental retardation) of the child. Fasciculation of the tongue, loss of motor skills, organomegaly, coarsening of facial features, increased levels of creatine phosphokinase (more than 3 times higher than normal), respiratory failure, in the presence of general weakness, a sharp deterioration in the child’s condition, accompanied by lethargy, vomiting, development of convulsive syndrome, disorders detected on MRI of the brain, are alarming symptoms that require urgent intervention by specialists (neurologist, genetics). Also, some hereditary (chromosomal and monogenic) diseases are often combined with the development of motor disorders. The best results are achieved if the early diagnosis of diseases accompanied by movement disorders is carried out using an interdisciplinary approach.
Regional experience in the treatment of children with short bowel syndrome
Authors: Kamalova A. A. , Podshivalin A. A. , Sageeva G. I. , Druzhkova E. E.
Published: November 2022

Short bowel syndrome is a rare, chronic, debilitating, and potentially life-threatening condition in which loss of intestinal absorption capacity deprives children of the ability to absorb sufficient nutrients from the food they consumed. The authors describe regional experience of treating children with short bowel syndrome, which includes conservative and surgical approach, with an analysis of the leading causes, prognostic factors, timing of achieving intestinal autonomy, complications and catamnesis.

Purpose. The study aims at analyzing cases of short bowel syndrome in children in order to improve the provision of medical care for children in the Republic of Tatarstan and the nearest regions.

Material and methods. Single-center, retrospective study was conducted of 22 cases of children with short bowel syndrome who received treatment in the surgical department for young children in the State Autonomous Healthcare Institution Children’s Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan for the period September 2014 till November 2021.

Results. The most common cause of intestinal resection in the study group were: congenital malformations in 7 children (32%), necrotizing enterocolitis in 5 children (23%), small intestine malrotation (Ladd’s bands) in 4 children (18%), mesenteric thrombosis in 4 (18%), Hirschsprung’s disease in 2 children (9%). By the end of the first year after diagnosis, intestine self-regulation was achieved in 17 children. The mortality rate was 9%.
Assessment of postural control in children
Authors: Samsonova T. V. , Krivonogov V. A. , Nazarov S. B. , Ryl’skaya Yu. A.
Published: November 2022

The relevance of the study is due to the high incidence of postural control impairment in patients with neurological diseases and lack of common approaches to their diagnosing in children. In this article we show the main stages in the formation of postural control and mechanisms of balance maintaining in childhood. We assessed the information content of existing clinical scales used to study components of postural balance in children in clinical practice. Also, we studied the diagnostic significance of functional methods for assessing postural control. Particular attention we paid to the study of the diagnostic significance of computer posturography (stabilometry) and accelerometry. We identified the main clinical and functional diagnostic markers of postural imbalance in children of different age and nosological groups. Further research in this area will make it possible to develop the most objective criteria for impaired postural control in childhood, which will increase the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation measures.
Clinical and morphological features of arterial duct in premature newborns
Authors: Saryyeva O. P. , Kharlamova N. V. , Kulida L. V. , Fisyuk Yu. A. , Protsenko E. V.
Published: November 2022

The open arterial duct has a pathological significance in premature newborns. Closure of the ductus arteriosus is a complex process that includes functional and anatomical closure.

Purpose. To identify the features of arterial duct remodeling in premature newborns.

Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective clinical and morphological analysis of 35 deceased premature newborns. During their lifetime, all children were examined using clinical and laboratory-instrumental methods. In all cases, autopsies of deceased children were performed with a complex of morphological studies of the arterial duct.

Results. It has been established that the open arterial duct in premature newborns plays an important role in increasing respiratory failure. It also necessitates the appointment and conduct of invasive respiratory therapy. The functioning of the arterial duct is facilitated by low partial pressure and blood oxygen saturation levels. Morphofunctional features of arterial duct remodeling were revealed. A positive correlation was established between the indicators of the gas composition of the child’s blood and the thickness of the duct wall.

Conclusion. Risk factors for an open arterial duct in premature newborns are the age of the mother over 35 years, threatened miscarriage, prenatal discharge of amniotic fluid, gestational diabetes mellitus, fetoplacental insufficiency, and severe asphyxia at birth. Morphological changes in the form of thickening of the endothelial layer and the formation of intimal pillows, fragmentation and focal necrosis of the internal elastic membrane with the accumulation of mucoid matter, proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells into the subendothelial space reflect the processes of remodeling of the arterial duct.
Features of platelet and plasma hemostasis in premature infants with hemorrhagic disorders
Authors: Budalova A. V. , Kharlamova N. V. , Kuzmenko G. N. , Popova I. G. , Nazarov S. B.
Published: November 2022

The research revealed features of platelet and plasma hemostasis indicators in children born before 32 weeks with hemorrhagic disorders in the early neonatal period, a method for predicting the development of intraventricular hemorrhage was developed.

Material and methods. 132 premature newborns were examined, a detailed clinical blood test, a coagulogram with the determination of: activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, thrombin time, prothrombin index, fibrinogen content, D-dimer were performed on 1–3 days of life. The main group consisted of 58 children with hemorrhagic disorders, the comparison group included 74 children without hemorrhagic disorders.

Results. Risk factors for the formation of hemorrhagic disorders in the early neonatal period were established: a lower gestational age of the child, lower Apgar scores at the end of the first and fifth minutes of life, the need for the introduction of an exogenous surfactant, and the use of higher concentrations of oxygen-air mixture during respiratory therapy. The features of hemostasis indicators in deep-premature newborns with hemorrhagic disorders in the early neonatal period were revealed: a lower number of platelets in the blood and higher platelet granularity, higher activated partial thromboplastin time, and a decrease in the prothrombin index. Based on the data obtained, a new method for predicting the formation of intraventricular hemorrhage in deeply premature newborns is proposed based on determining the concentration of total Ca2+ in the blood and the average concentration of platelet components. The results of this study can be used in intensive care units for newborns. Conclusion. The implementation of the obtained results in practice will help timely assess the state of hemostasis in deeply premature newborns to predict the development of intraventricular hemorrhages in the early neonatal period.
Associations of molecular genetic predictors of arterial hypertension in adults with the development and course of arterial hypotension in premature newborns
Authors: Mironov P. I. , Mingazov N. N. , Valiev R. R. , Lekmanov A. U. , Ivanov D. O.
Published: November 2022

Purpose. This study aims at assessing the association of the development and clinical course of arterial hypotension in premature newborns, depending on the polymorphism of the genes of predisposition to hypertension.

Material and methods. The study design is prospective, controlled, single-center, and non-randomized. Genomic DNA samples were studied in premature newborns (n = 199), as well as a population sample of adults (n = 100). Newborns with arterial hypotension (n = 23) formed the study group, patients without it (n = 100) formed the comparison group. Loci with already known association with the development of arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease were selected for analysis: AGT (rs4762), AGTR1 (rs5186), ACE (Ins\Del), ADRB1 (rs1801253), ADD1 (rs4961), CYP11B2 (rs1799998), eNOS (rs1799983), eNOS (rs1549758), eNOS (rs2070744). The distribution of allele frequencies between the studied groups of individuals was compared.

Results. Premature babies are significantly more likely to be carriers of the allele with the AGT gene. In newborns with arterial hypotension, we additionally revealed a more frequent occurrence of dominant alleles of the eNOS gene, and children with the SS genotype of the eNOS gene required longer vasopressor therapy. Conclusion. The carriage of risky alleles of genes predisposing to arterial hypertension, not only does not increase the risk of arterial hypotension in premature newborns, but also may, in the case of carriage of mutant alleles of the eNOS rs1549758 gene, contribute to less prolonged vasopressor therapy.
Neurospecific markers of brain damage in infants
Authors: Panova M. S. , Panchenko A. S. , Ziganshin A. M. , Mudrov V. A.
Published: November 2022

Timely diagnosis of brain lesions in infants is important for preventing the development and progression of neurological diseases.

Purpose. The study aimed at investigation of neurospecific laboratory parameters in children of 1 year of age with structural changes in the brain.

Material and methods. The clinical and laboratory examination of 50 children of 1 year of age, born at full term, was carried out. Serum concentrations of neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF), fractalkine (CX3CL-1), monocytic chemotactic protein (CCL2), trigger receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, 2 (TREM-1, TREM-2), transforming growth factor-ȕ1 (TGF-ȕ1), nerve growth factor-ȕ (ȕ-NGF), visinin-like protein-1 (VILIP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glycosylation end product receptor (sRAGE), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor Į (TNF-Į).

Results. Predictors of brain damage in full-term infants have been identified. The level of TGFB-1 in children with structural changes in the brain exceeded that of the control group by 1.4 [1.1; 1.6] times, the level of AntiGRIN2A — 1.6 [1.1; 2.0] times, which makes it possible to consider these parameters as biomarkers of brain damage.

Conclusion. Based on the results obtained, an additional laboratory examination of children who have undergone ante- and intranatal hypoxia is recommended, including the determination of the level of neurodamage biomarkers such as: TGFB-1 and AntiGRIN2A. This study will contribute to the timely detection of disorders of the central nervous system and the initiation of therapy to prevent the development and progression of neurological pathology in childhood.
COVID-19 and the digestive system lesions in children
Authors: Grigoriev K. I. , Kharitonova L. A.
Published: November 2022

Initially, doctors did not pay much attention to gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Fever and respiratory syndrome were monitored. A more prolonged observation period revealed gastrointestinal disorders to be an important element of the new coronavirus infection. In scientific publications, a stable term appeared — gastrointestinal coronavirus disease 2019. The tropism of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to the epitheliocytes of the gastrointestinal tract, the presence and long-term persistence of the virus in the feces were found. The frequent detection of gastrointestinal symptoms in infected patients, the frequent involvement of the liver and pancreas in the pathological process determine the importance of clinical and laboratory assessment of the state of the digestive system due to its undoubted impact on the status, course, and the overall disease prognosis. Based on the analysis of scientific publications, the article presents the results of the latest observations regarding the development of a new disease, its diagnosis, treatment options using modern drugs when combined with dyspeptic syndrome and other gastroenterological symptoms. The role of the use of standards, in particular the clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of Russia, is emphasized.
Early diagnosis and surgical treatment of craniosynostoses
Authors: Ivanov V. P. , Sakhno L. P. , Shchetinina A. M. , Kim A. V. , Trushcheleva S. V.
Published: November 2022

Craniosynostosis is a craniofacial anomaly, characterized by premature fusion of one or more of the cranial sutures. Each suture and their combination correspond to a special type of deformation.

Purpose. The study aimed at indicating the difficulties of early diagnostics of various forms of the craniosynostosis and evaluating the quality of treatment of patients with this disease depending on their age.

Material and methods. A survey of parents with craniosynostosis who were treated at the Almazov National Medical Research Centre in 2018–2019 was conducted. The parents of 107 patients were surveyed. The main objectives of our research were: to evaluate the timeliness of diagnosis of craniosynostosis at primary health care at patient’s place of residence; to compare the methods of diagnosis verification and to present the results of the parents’ subjective assessment of the results of surgical treatment at the early and long-term postoperative period.

Results. The median age of children when they were diagnosed with craniosystosis was 5 months, the median age of patients when they underwent a surgical treatment was 16 months. The median duration of the catamnesis was 6 months. We revealed that the preliminary diagnosis was established by a neurologist and pediatrician only in 21% of cases. Only at 28% of cases, children were directed to neurosurgeon, who confirm the diagnosis. In 38 (35.3%) cases, patient’s parents independently sought medical advice. The diagnosis was verified by the results of the computer tomography in 55% of patients. on because primary care specialists due to the lack of primary care specialists’ awareness about the diagnosis of craniosynostoses and attempts at long-term monitoring and conservative treatment. The timeliness of detection of craniosynostosis in the newborn period and in the|first month of life can significantly improve the cosmetic and functional outcomes of the disease.
Chronic pyelonephritis in children with different dysplastic phenotypes
Authors: Ivanova I. I. , Koval N. Yu.
Published: November 2022

Connective tissue dysplasia affects the course of pyelonephritis.

Purpose. The study aimed at identifying the features of chronic pyelonephritis in children with different dysplastic phenotypes.

Material and methods. The study included 108 children aged 6–17 years with chronic pyelonephritis and connective tissue dysplasia. They were divided into 3 groups with Marfan-like, Ehlers-like, and unclassifiable phenotypes.

Results. It was shown that the groups differed in the frequency of occurrence and types of structural disorders of urinary system, which affected the need for surgical treatment.

Conclusion. Considering the dysplastic phenotype allows for a personalized approach to the patient.
Questionnaire for quantitative assessment of treatment adherence: modification for adolescents aged 15–17 years, validation, and reliability assessment
Authors: Nikolaev N. A. , Skirdenko Yu. P. , Pavlinova E. B. , Andreev K. A. , Gorbenko A. V. , Zakharova T. D. , Livzan M. A. , Usov G. M. , Fedorin M. M. , Chebanenko E. V.
Published: November 2022

In Russia, the QAA-25 questionnaire is used to quantify the adherence to treatment of adult patients. The accumulated experience of its use made it possible to identify several cohorts of respondents, including adolescents, whose characteristics required special adaptation of the formulations of a number of questions.

Purpose. The study aimed at modifying the questionnaire for quantitative assessment of treatment adherence QAA-25 for adolescents aged 15–17 years and evaluate it according to the criteria of validity and the measure of consent.

Material and methods. In a descriptive one-stage study with the participation of 108 high school students at secondary schools in Omsk, the level of adherence to treatment was determined according to the QAA-25 scale, using traditional and alternative formulations of individual questions, with the formation of a modified scale and an assessment of its constructive and factor validity and a measure of consent.

Results. Applying various options for testing alternative questions, the possibility and expediency of using them to assess the adherence to treatment of adolescents, including separately evaluated subsamples of male and female individuals, was shown. 94% of respondents rated alternative questions as “more acceptable,» 5% of respondents «did not notice significant differences,» and 1% of respondents rated them as «less acceptable.» The QAA-25 scale modified for adolescents demonstrated good structural and internal validity (α = 0.818, αst = 0.857), with high reliability (consistent exclusion of scale items preserves the validity of the questionnaire in the range of 0.793–0.858) and almost perfect agreement (κ = 1.000).

Conclusion. The modified QAA-25 questionnaire is recommended to be used to assess the adherence to treatment and potential adherence to treatment of adolescents who have reached the age of 15 but have not reached the age of 18, both for research purposes and when making decisions related to the provision of medical care and the organization of preventive measures.
Pathological physiology of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in children
Authors: Nikitin S. S. , Guseva N. B. , Nikitin V. S.
Published: November 2022

Около 15% всех нарушений мочеиспускания приходится на довольно опасное нарушение уродинамики — дисфункциональное мочеиспускание, или детрузорно-сфинктерную диссинергию, при котором отсутствует возможность полной релаксации сфинктера и потоку мочи препятствует высокое давление в уретре. Детрузорно-сфинктерная диссинергия — наиболее распространенный вариант функциональной инфравезикальной обструкции. Проявляется продолжительным по времени опорожнением мочевого пузыря с необходимостью напряжения брюшного пресса, а также периодически возникающим неконтролируемым резким перерывом потока мочи. Активность сфинктера уретры при детрузорно-сфинктерной диссинергии обусловлена нарушением функции микционного центра Варолиева моста, в норме обеспечивающего согласованную работу детрузора и наружного сфинктера уретры, а также классических рефлексов мочеиспускания (с 7-го по 11-й), обеспечивающих фазу опорожнения, — нарушается последовательность их активации. Для преодоления внутриуретрального давления во время микции создается высокое внутрипузырное давление. Нестабильное состояние сфинктера создает турбулентный и реверсивный ток мочи по уретре. Эти факторы приводят к развитию ретроградного инфицирования мочевых путей, нарушению оттока мочи из лоханок почек и мочеточников, определяя риск развития почечной недостаточности. В статье подробно описана патологическая физиология детрузорно-сфинктерной диссинергии, объяснены клинические проявления с позиции патогенеза и дано представление о возможных результатах уродинамических исследований при данной патологии.
Comparison of Supervised Learning Methods for COVID-19 Classification on Chest X-Ray Image
Authors: Adhinata Faisal Dharma , Ramadhan Nur Ghaniaviyanto , Amrulloh Arif , Bahtiar Arief Rais
Published: November 2022

The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is still ongoing in almost all countries in the world. The spread of the virus is very fast because the transmission process is through air contaminated with viruses from COVID-19 patients’ droplets. Several previous studies have suggested that the use of chest X-Ray images can detect the presence of this virus. Detection of COVID-19 using chest X-Ray images can use deep learning techniques, but it has the disadvantage that the training process takes too long. Therefore, the research uses machine learning techniques hoping that the accuracy results are not too different from deep learning and result in fast training time. The research evaluates three supervised learning methods, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), and Random Forest, to detect COVID-19. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the SVM method using a polynomial kernel can reach 90% accuracy, and the training time is only 462 ms. Through these results, machine learning techniques can compensate for the results of the deep learning technique in terms of accuracy, and the training process is faster than the deep learning technique. The research provides insight into the early detection of COVID-19 patients through chest X-Ray images so that further medical treatment can be carried out immediately.
Su Altı Yapılarının 3B Modellemesi ve Dokümantasyonunda Kullanılan Video ve Fotoğraf Çekimi Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi
Authors: HAMAL Seda Nur Gamze , ULVİ Ali , YİĞİT Abdurahman Yasin , YAKAR Murat
Published: November 2022

Su altındaki bir cismin üç boyutlu olarak belgelenmesi ve dijital platformlara aktarılması son yıllarda önem kazanmıştır. Bu amaçla fotogrametri yöntemi su altında denenmiş ve sualtı fotogrametrisi terimi literatürde kendine yer bulmuştur. Fotogrametri yönteminin tercih edilmesinin en önemli nedeni geleneksel yöntemlere göre daha kısa sürede veri üretimi, zaman ve maliyet açısından olumlu katkı sağlamasıdır. Ancak su altında fotografik veri toplayan dalgıçlar su altında sınırlı bir süre kalabildikleri için fotoğraflama işlemi tekrarlanmakta ve süreç uzamaktadır. Bu olumsuzluğu en aza indirmek için video çekim yöntemiyle veri elde etme çalışmaları denenmeye başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, bir havuza test amaçlı obje yerleştirilerek hem fotoğraf çekim hem de video çekim yöntemi ile üç boyutlu model üretiminin karşılaştırılmalı analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda video çekim yönteminin doğruluğunu test etmek için fotoğraf çekim yöntemi referans kabul edilmiştir. Her iki veriden elde edilen üç boyutlu nokta bulutları karşılaştırılarak doğruluk analizi yapılmış video çekim yönteminin karesel ortalama hatası ± 3.24 cm olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile su altında video çekim yönteminin kullanılabilirliği araştırılmış sonuç olarak video çekim yönteminin doğruluk açısında yeterli düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiş fakat görsel açıdan yetersiz bulunmuştur.
Hydrological variability and flood risk in a forest watershed undergoing accelerated urbanization: the case of Mefou (South Cameroon)
Authors: Ebodé Valentin Brice
Published: November 2022

This article has as objectives to investigate the impact of precipitation variability and land use change on the hydrological dynamics of the Mefou river over the recent period (1963–2018), and draw up a basin flooding risk areas map. To achieve these goals, hydrometeorological data of this basin were analyzed using the Pettitt and Mann Kendall tests. Likewise, flooding risk areas were produced from Frequency Ratio (FR) model. Average and extreme flows of Mefou river have increased since 1985–86, unlike the rainfall, which generally decreased for all seasons from the 1970s, apart from summer, where the reverse was observed. Changes in land use (increase impervious areas (+530%) and a decrease in forest (−52.9%) and water bodies (−80.4%)) seem to be the main cause of the increase in flows observed. Floods are often recurrent in basins with such hydrological behaviour. To enable policymakers to reduce the vulnerability of populations to this disaster, the proposed flood map shows that 2.67, 7.22, 22.5, 35.25 and 32.36% of the catchment area are respectively delineated into very low, low, medium, high and very high flood vulnerability classes. These results could be useful for the management of water resources and associated hydrological risks in the basin investigated.
Zakłócanie przebiegu lekcji – różnorodność i sytuacyjna zmienność
Authors: Konieczna Agnieszka
Published: November 2022

Zjawisko określane jako przeszkadzanie na lekcji, jeśli przyglądamy się mu bliżej, okazuje się złożone i wielowymiarowe. Artykuł skupia się na różnorodnych formach uczniowskich zachowań zakłócających pracę w klasie oraz na tym, jak mogą być one postrzegane. Ukazane zostało, jak każda z konceptualizacji zjawiska nakłada na nauczyciela inne wymagania. Celem artykułu jest także zwrócenie uwagi na decyzje dydaktyczne dotyczące takich kwestii, jak wybór zadań i struktura organizacyjna zajęć. Mają one wpływ na minimalizowanie zakłóceń w trakcie lekcji. W artykule zgromadzono dowody empiryczne pokazujące, że zachowania zakłócające mogą się zmniejszać lub zwiększać i że wszystkie dzieci mogą przejawiać nieproduktywne zachowania w pewnych kontekstach.
Wyznaczniki poczucia tożsamości osób w wieku późnej dorosłości żyjących w polskiej i czeskiej części Śląska Cieszyńskiego
Authors: Jas Katarzyna
Published: November 2022

Osoby mieszkające na Śląsku Cieszyńskim żyją w kilku wymiarach pogranicza. Taka sytuacja przyczynia się do tworzenia złożonej i niejednorodnej tożsamości jednostek zamieszkujących ten teren. W poczynaniach badawczych podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na następujący problem: jakie są wyznaczniki poczucia tożsamości osób w wieku późnej dorosłości żyjących w polskiej i czeskiej części Śląska Cieszyńskiego? Opisu wyznaczników poczucia tożsamości mieszkańców Śląska Cieszyńskiego dokonano odwołując się do Teorii Zachowań Tożsamościowych Tadeusza Lewowickiego.Podstawę analiz podjętych w tym rozdziale stanowi materiał empiryczny uzyskany w badania ilościowych. Uzyskane odpowiedzi poddano analizie statystycznej. W badaniach uczestniczyły osoby w wieku późnej dorosłości Śląska Cieszyńskiego. Wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy statystycznej wskazują na to, że istnieją statystycznie istotnie związki między poszczególnymi obszarami TZT a poczuciem tożsamości osób w wieku późnej dorosłości żyjących w polskiej i w czeskiej części Śląska Cieszyńskiego.