bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telomere maintenance during anterior regeneration and aging in the freshwater annelid Aeolosoma viride
Authors: Chen Chi-Fan , Sung Tzu-Ling , Chen Liuh-Yow , Chen Jiun-Hong
Published: December 2018

Aging is a complex process involving declines in various cellular and physical functionalities, including regenerative ability. Telomere maintenance is thought to be necessary for regeneration, and telomere attrition is one mechanism that contributes to aging. However, it is unclear if aging affects regeneration owing to deterioration of telomeric maintenance. We introduceAeolosoma viride—a freshwater annelid with strong regenerative abilities—as a new model for studying the effects of aging on telomere functions and regeneration. We show that the anterior regenerative ability ofA. viridedeclines with age. We characterized theA. viridetelomere sequence as being composed of TTAGGG repeats and identifyied the telomerase geneAvi-tert. In adultA. viride, telomerase was constantly active and telomere lengths were similar among different body sections and stably maintained with age. Notably, we found that regeneration did not result in telomere shortening at regenerating sites. Moreover, transient up-regulation ofAvi-tertexpression and telomerase activity was observed at regenerating sites, which might promote telomere lengthening to counteract telomere erosion resulting from cell proliferation. Our study suggests that although aging affectsA. virideregeneration independent of steady-state telomere length, timely regulation of telomerase functions is critical for the regeneration process inA. viride.
Author Correction: Structural basis of cell wall peptidoglycan amidation by the GatD/MurT complex of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Nöldeke Erik R. , Muckenfuss Lena M. , Niemann Volker , Müller Anna , Störk Elena , Zocher Georg , Schneider Tanja , Stehle Thilo
Published: December 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Rapid preconcentration of palladium and rhodium using magnetic graphene oxide/silicon dioxide nanocomposite prior to FAAS determination
Authors: Mohammadi Sayed Zia , Karimi Mohammad Ali , Mofidinasab Nastaran
Published: December 2018

The present study was conducted to evaluate the capability of magnetic graphene oxide/silicon dioxide nanocomposites as a novel adsorbent for the separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of Pd(ii) in the presence of Rh(iii) ions prior to FAAS determination.
Ultrathin BiOCl nanosheet modified TiO2 for the photoelectrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos
Authors: Luo Yanni , Mi Yan , Tan Xuecai , Chen Quanyou , Feng Defen , Ai Chenhao
Published: December 2018

A convenient photoelectrochemical sensor was constructed based on the synergistic contributions of an ultrathin BiOCl nanosheet and anchored TiO2 nanoparticles to detect the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos.
Identifying key barriers in cationic polymer gene delivery to human T cells
Authors: Olden Brynn R. , Cheng Emmeline , Cheng Yilong , Pun Suzie H.
Published: December 2018

Decreased uptake of polyplexes and an increased intracellular pH contribute to poor gene delivery to human T cellsviacationic polymers.
Reduction of CO2with H2S in a simulated deep-sea hydrothermal vent system
Authors: He Runtian , Hu Baoyun , Zhong Heng , Jin Fangming , Fan Junjie , Hu Yun Hang , Jing Zhenzi
Published: December 2018

CO2can be reduced to organic molecules, such as formic and acetic acids in a yield of approximately 67% with metal sulfides catalysts, using H2S as a reductant and with SxOy2−as oxidative products in a simulated hydrothermal vent system. These results are significant for understanding abiotic organic synthesis from dissolved CO2in deep sea hydrothermal vents.
Silyl–pyridine–amine pincer-ligated iridium complexes for catalytic silane deuteration via room temperature C–D bond activation of benzene-d6
Authors: Komuro Takashi , Osawa Tomohiro , Suzuki Ryuju , Mochizuki Daiki , Higashi Hironori , Tobita Hiromi
Published: December 2018

SiNN-pincer iridium complexes were synthesised and demonstrated to catalyse deuteration of trialkylsilanes with benzene-d6 through H/D exchange at room temperature.
The chiral interfaces fabricated by d/l-alanine-pillar[5]arenes for selectively adsorbing ctDNA
Authors: Zhang Jin , Wang Zhenjun , Lv Shuxin , Zeng Xiangfei , Sun Yao , Li Haibing , Zhang Ruiping
Published: December 2018

In this paper, the d/l-AP5-interfaces are firstly fabricated by attaching d-alanine-pillar[5]arene and l-alanine-pillar[5]arene (d/l-AP5) onto the gold surface, and they exhibit a significantly different chiral influence on the morphology and the adsorption quantity of the adsorbed ctDNA molecules.
Garnet-type crystallites, their isomorphism and luminescence properties in glass ceramics
Authors: Tratsiak Yauhen , Trusova Ekaterina , Bokshits Yulia , Korjik Mikhail , Vaitkevičius Augustas , Tamulaitis Gintautas
Published: December 2018

Glass ceramics based on Ce-doped garnets were fabricated by the controlled crystallization of CaO(MgO)–Y2O3–Al2O3–GeO2–SiO2–CeO2 glasses. Isomorphism of garnet-type crystallites and its influence on the crystall and luminescence properties was investigated.
Growth, thermal and spectral properties, and laser performance of Tm3+:CNGS crystal
Authors: Ma Congyu , Wang Yiming , Gao Cunyuan , Cheng Xiufeng , Xue Mei , Sun Zhihua , Guo Shiyi , Zhang Baitao
Published: December 2018

High-quality crystals of Tm3+:CNGS were successfully grown by the Czochralski method. The laser performance of the trigonal crystal system at 2 μm is presented for the first time, and the structural, thermal, and spectral properties are also reported.
White-light emission based on a single component Sm(iii) complex and enhanced optical properties by doping methods
Authors: Xu Yuan-Yi , Chen Peng , Gao Ting , Li Hong-Feng , Yan Peng-Fei
Published: December 2018

Six lanthanide complexes with enhanced tunable photoluminescence were designed and synthesized using codoping methods and single component white-light emission was achieved.
Structural behaviour of OP-ROY at extreme conditions
Authors: Funnell Nicholas P. , Bull Craig L. , Ridley Christopher J. , Capelli Silvia
Published: December 2018

A highly-flexible organic molecule, with numerous polymorphs at ambient conditions, shows remarkable metastability, resisting the effects of extreme pressure and temperature.
Understanding water interactions with organic surfaces: environmental molecular beam and molecular dynamics studies of the water–butanol system
Authors: Johansson Sofia M. , Lovrić Josip , Kong Xiangrui , Thomson Erik S. , Papagiannakopoulos Panos , Briquez Stéphane , Toubin Céline , Pettersson Jan B. C.
Published: December 2018

The scattering, fast and slow desorption of water molecules from solid and liquid butanol surfaces are investigated by experiments and simulations.
A vacuum ultraviolet photoionization study on the formation of methanimine (CH2NH) and ethylenediamine (NH2CH2CH2NH2) in low temperature interstellar model ices exposed to ionizing radiation
Authors: Zhu Cheng , Frigge Robert , Turner Andrew M. , Abplanalp Matthew J. , Sun Bing-Jian , Chen Yue-Lin , Chang Agnes H. H. , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: December 2018

Methylamine (CH3NH2) and methanimine (CH2NH) represent essential building blocks in the formation of amino acids in interstellar and cometary ices.
Isotope-selective chemistry in the Be+(2S1/2) + HOD → BeOD+/BeOH+ + H/D reaction
Authors: Chen Gary K. , Xie Changjian , Yang Tiangang , Li Anyang , Suits Arthur G. , Hudson Eric R. , Campbell Wesley C. , Guo Hua
Published: December 2018

Low temperature reactions between laser-cooled Be+(2S1/2) ions and partially deuterated water (HOD) molecules have been investigated using an ion trap and interpreted with zero-point corrected quasi-classical trajectory calculations on a highly accurate global potential energy surface for the ground electronic state.
Conductive nanomaterials for 2D and 3D printed flexible electronics
Authors: Kamyshny Alexander , Magdassi Shlomo
Published: December 2018

This review describes recent developments in the field of conductive nanomaterials and their application in 2D and 3D printed flexible electronics, with particular emphasis on inks based on metal nanoparticles and nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and graphene sheets.
Synthesis, structure and long-lived NIR luminescence of lanthanide ate complexes with perfluorinated 2-mercaptobenzothiazole
Authors: Ilichev Vasily A. , Silantyeva Liubov I. , Yablonskiy Artem N. , Andreev Boris A. , Rumyantcev Roman V. , Fukin Georgy K. , Bochkarev Mikhail N.
Published: December 2018

Lanthanide ate complexes with perfluorinated 2-mercaptobenzothiazole show long-lived NIR PL in hydrogen-rich media.
Effects of high pressure homogenization and addition of oil on the carotenoid bioaccessibility of carrot juice
Authors: Liu Jianing , Bi Jinfeng , Liu Xuan , Zhang Baiqing , Wu Xinye , Wellala Chandi Kanchana Deepali , Zhang Biao
Published: December 2018

High pressure homogenization combined with the addition of oil or emulsion had the potential to boost the carotenoid bioaccessibility.
Comparative study on the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharide fractions extracted from Fructus Mori at different temperatures
Authors: Zhang Jia-Qi , Li Chao , Huang Qiang , You Li-Jun , Chen Chun , Fu Xiong , Liu Rui Hai
Published: December 2018

This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (30 °C and 90 °C) on the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides (MFPs-30-60, MFPs-30-80, MFPs-90-40, MFPs-90-60 and MFPs-90-80) extracted at same ethanol gradation (40, 60 and 80%).
Is oxidation–reduction a real robust strategy for lignin conversion? A comparative study on lignin and model compounds
Authors: Guo Haiwei , Miles-Barrett Daniel M. , Zhang Bo , Wang Aiqin , Zhang Tao , Westwood Nicholas J. , Li Changzhi
Published: December 2018

The enigma of the oxidation–reduction strategy for lignin valorization was disclosed over heterogenous catalysts and was compared with model compound studies.
Resistant energy analysis of self-pulling process during dropwise condensation on superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Vandadi Aref , Zhao Lei , Cheng Jiangtao
Published: December 2018

Resistant energy analysis of self-pulling process during dropwise condensation on superhydrophobic surfaces with optimum surface roughness.
Highly frustrated liquid crystal phases in optically active dimers: synthesis and rich phase transitional behavior
Authors: Nayak Rashmi Ashwathama , Bhat Sachin A. , Shanker G. , Rao D. S. Shankar , Yelamaggad C. V.
Published: December 2018

New cholesterol-based Schiff base dimers exhibit a rich mesomorphism.
NHC stabilized Pd nanoclusters in the Mizoroki–Heck reaction within microemulsion: exploring the role of imidazolium salt in rate enhancement
Authors: Ghosh Koena , Dhara Shubhajit , Jana Sourav , Das Subhomoy , Roy Sudeshna
Published: December 2018

Significant rate enhancement of the Mizoroki–Heck reaction by in situ generated palladium nanoclusters within the confined space of water-in-oil mixed microemulsion in the presence of novel imidazo[1,5-α]pyridinium chlorides as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors is reported.
Tuning optimum transfection of gemini surfactant–phospholipid–DNA nanoparticles by validated theoretical modeling
Authors: Taheri-Araghi Sattar , Chen Ding-Wen , Kohandel Mohammad , Sivaloganathan Sivabal , Foldvari Marianna
Published: December 2018

Coarse-grained mathematical modeling using the polymorphic structural features of gemini nanoparticles assists designing non-viral gene delivery systems with high transfection efficiency for applications in non-invasive gene therapy.
In situ inclusion of thiocyanate for highly luminescent and stable CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Cai Tao , Li Fan , Jiang Yihua , Liu Xueyuan , Xia Xuefeng , Wang Xiaofeng , Peng Jie , Wang Li , Daoud Walid A.
Published: December 2018

A novel in situ thiocyanate inclusion approach is developed to fabricate highly luminescent and stable CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals.
Bio-inspired nano-engineering of an ultrahigh loading 3D hierarchical Ni@NiCo2S4/Ni3S2 electrode for high energy density supercapacitors
Authors: Tang Tong , Cui Shizhong , Chen Weihua , Hou Hongwei , Mi Liwei
Published: December 2018

Energy density has become a critical barrier in supercapacitor engineering and improvement of the electrode-loading is urgently demanded.
All-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanohexagons for high performance air-stable lithium batteries
Authors: Kostopoulou A. , Vernardou D. , Savva K. , Stratakis E.
Published: December 2018

All-inorganic Cs4PbBr6 perovskite nanohexagons pre-synthesized by a room temperature co-precipitation method as an anode material in Li-ion batteries.
Use of plant hormones to activate silent polyketide biosynthetic pathways inArthrinium sacchari, a fungus isolated from a spider
Authors: Morishita Yohei , Okazaki Yusuke , Luo Yi Yi , Nunoki Jun , Taniguchi Tohru , Oshima Yoshiteru , Asai Teigo
Published: December 2018

A new method to activate fungal silent biosynthesis by using natural and synthetic plant hormones.
An alternative approach to create N-substituted cyclic dipeptides
Authors: Tezgel Özgül , Noinville Sylvie , Bennevault Véronique , Illy Nicolas , Guégan Philippe
Published: December 2018

N-Modified peptide backbones are promising peptidomimetics which offer several advantages in terms of improved biological activity and stability.
Experimental characterization and first principles calculations of linear and nonlinear optical properties of two orthophosphates A3Al2(PO4)3(A = Rb, K)
Authors: Wen Ming , Wu Hongping , Cheng Shichao , Sun Jun , Yang Zhihua , Wu Xiaohong , Pan Shilie
Published: December 2018

We report the experimental characterization and first principles calculation of linear and nonlinear optical properties of two orthophosphates A3Al2(PO4)3(A = Rb, K).
Facile approach for a robust graphene/silver nanowires aerogel with high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Liu Xiaoting , Chen Tianrui , Liang Hao , Qin Faxiang , Yang Hui , Guo Xingzhong
Published: December 2018

We report a facile, eco-friendly approach to prepare the robust graphene/silver nanowires aerogel with high compressive strength and excellent EMI shielding performance due to its unique nanostructure and good electrical properties.
Structured ZSM-5 coated SiC foam catalysts for process intensification in catalytic cracking of n-hexane
Authors: Jiao Yilai , Ou Xiaoxia , Zhang Jinsong , Fan Xiaolei
Published: December 2018

Structured zeolite/SiC foam catalysts provide alternative solutions to mass and heat transfer limited chemical transformations for process intensification, exemplified by cracking reactions.
Synthesis and folding behaviour of poly(p-phenylene vinylene)-based β-sheet polychromophores
Authors: Elacqua Elizabeth , Geberth Geoffrey T. , Vanden Bout David A. , Weck Marcus
Published: December 2018

This contribution describes the design and synthesis of β-sheet-mimicking synthetic polymers comprising distinct poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(norbornene) (PNB) backbones with multiple turns.
Vacancy-enhanced generation of singlet oxygen for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Guan Shanyue , Wang Li , Xu Si-Min , Yang Di , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Qu Xiaozhong , Zhou Shuyun
Published: December 2018

Oxygen vacancy introduced defects in the band gap of BiOBr–H allow facile electron transfer from a photo-excited ruthenium complex to the semiconductor, thereby increasing ROS yields and PDT efficiency.
Correction: Thermoreversible crystallization-driven aggregation of diblock copolymer nanoparticles in mineral oil
Authors: Derry Matthew J. , Mykhaylyk Oleksandr O. , Ryan Anthony J. , Armes Steven P.
Published: December 2018

Correction for ‘Thermoreversible crystallization-driven aggregation of diblock copolymer nanoparticles in mineral oil’ by Matthew J. Derry et al., Chem. Sci., 2018, 9, 4071–4082.
NaCl-induced nickel–cobalt inverse spinel structure for boosting hydrogen evolution from ethyl acetate and water
Authors: Xue Zhiwei , Shen Yuesong , Chu Lin , Wang Yan , Zhang Yu , Sun Zhefei , Wang Jianhai , Zeng Yanwei , Li Peiwen , Zhu Shemin
Published: December 2018

Novel NaCl-induced nickel–cobalt inverse spinel nanoclusters are designed for boosting H2 evolution from ethyl acetate and water.
A biomimetic multifunctional electronic hair sensor
Authors: Liu Ya-Feng , Huang Pei , Li Yuan-Qing , Liu Qun , Tao Jiang-Ke , Xiong De-Jian , Hu Ning , Yan Cheng , Wang Hao , Fu Shao-Yun
Published: December 2018

A high performance electronic hair sensor with multiple functionalities is fabricated via fully mimicking the sensory hair cell structure of human skin.
Achieving high energy density for lithium-ion battery anodes by Si/C nanostructure design
Authors: Lv Xingshuai , Wei Wei , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying
Published: December 2018

Siligraphenes including g-SiC2 and g-SiC3 can be promising candidates as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
Two green iridium(iii) complexes containing the electron-transporting group of 4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole for highly efficient OLEDs
Authors: Lu Guang-Zhao , Liu Liang , Tu Zhen-Long , Zhou Yong-Hui , Zheng You-Xuan
Published: December 2018

Two novel iridium(iii) complexes containing the electron-transporting group of 4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole exhibited good photoluminescence and electroluminescence performances with an EQE of 31.43% and a mild efficiency roll-off.
Visual saliency based structural contrast quality index
Authors: Uddin A.F.M. Shahab , Chung T.C. , Bae Sung‐Ho
Published: December 2018

Studies on human visual systems (HVS) recommend that assessing the structural information change can provide a good approximation of the perceived image quality. Moreover, psychovisual studies have suggested that the HVS is more sensitive to the extraction of visual information in the salient regions rather than minor regions. Based on the above observations, this Letter proposes a novel full‐reference image quality assessment metric called the visual saliency based structural contrast‐quality index by the modification and adjustment of an image signature to incorporate into the structural contrast index (SCI) features, which can well depict the visual quality by considering the local and global visual quality perceptions for different types of structural distortions on the salient regions. The proposed method was tested on four world recognised databases and from the experimental result, it became apparent that the authors proposed method strongly correlates the subjective mean opinion scores and performs better than the existing state‐of‐the‐art image quality assessment methods.
Validity index based improvisation in reproducibility of load profiling outcome
Authors: Maniar Mudassir A. , Abhyankar Abhijit R.
Published: December 2018

Under competitive market environment, the knowledge of load variation and its behavioural aspect are essential for the survival of electric supply utility. Load profiling is a useful tool to acquire it, and k ‐means clustering is a crisp, robust and widely proposed method. However, the multiple runs of a k ‐means algorithm for the same problem do not result in a deterministic outcome because of its dependency on initialisation. This study proposes an improved k ‐means algorithm to reduce the stochasticity in the outcome. The methodology combines clustering and qualitative validation processes and extracts the best outcome based on several validity indices that take into account cohesion and separation. The external cluster validity indices are innovatively used for comparison of the proposed method with the k ‐means algorithm. If the same problem is repeatedly executed, the variation in the outcome is lesser as compared to the standard k ‐means algorithm, thus improving the repeatability and overall quality of the clustering. The 24 real‐life data‐sets of load patterns of distribution feeders of the Central Indian state discom have been used for the study. The results show that proposed methodology reduces the stochasticity in the outcome significantly.
Research on the transformerless connection mode for DC power distribution system
Authors: Yu Yue , Jiang Daozhuo , Liang Yiqiao , Chen Jietao
Published: December 2018

The connection mode of the flexible DC distribution network and the AC network is not only the basis of the system design but also is one of the key technologies in the DC distribution. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of the transformerless system using modular multilevel converters (MMC) in the power distribution system. Here, in allusion to the DC power distribution network without transformer, the influence of AC system fault on DC system and the influence of DC system fault on AC system are analysed in detail separately. By establishing the simulation model with the PSCAD/EMTDC software, the transformerless system proposed is verified feasible at the appropriate voltage and the appropriate earthing way of AC system. The research proposed a solution of saving economic cost and space which is the critical issue in the conventional DC power distribution system with the transformer.
Time‐sharing control of multi‐inverter‐module parallel system for frequency multiplication
Authors: Zhang Yanxiao , Li Shouzhi , Cao Xiaoge , Xu Wei
Published: December 2018

In order to fulfil the requirements in high‐frequency and high‐power applications, this paper presents a novel frequency multiplication method, in which N single‐phase voltage‐type inverter circuits are combined in parallel, being time‐sharing controlled in rotation, and the output is through a transformer. The output frequency from the secondary side of the transformer will be increased to N times switching frequency. Using lower‐frequency power switching devices for frequency multiplication, this scheme has several advantages. It overcome the limitation of dead‐zone time of each inverter, possesses soft switching ability thus reducing the loss in switch tubes, and can be implemented at lower cost. This frequency multiplication method is analysed and simulated on a five‐inverter‐module system under ten different working conditions, with the associated parameters calculated. A five‐module 800 kHz/20 kW prototype has been designed and the test results have shown the validity of the proposed method.
Modelling and stability analysis of virtual synchronous machine using harmonic state‐space modelling method
Authors: Chen Xu‐Dong , Yu Si‐Ru , Ge Xing‐Lai
Published: December 2018

A modelling and stability analysis method of a virtual synchronous machine (VSM) is proposed in this study. VSM technology is used to solve the problems caused by the high permeability of distributed energy. Though VSM has inertia and damping characteristics, it is more prone to oscillate than a synchronous generator because of the characteristic and unexpected harmonics generated by power electronic elements. The traditional linear time invariant based model is difficult to analyse a time‐variant system and cannot analyse harmonic coupling mechanism accurately. This study proposes a new model of a grid‐connected VSM by using the harmonic state‐space modelling approach, which is a typical linear time‐varying periodic model and considers different harmonics of the system. The stability of the system is analysed by eigenvalues of system matrix, which is based on the harmonic state‐space model. The theoretical modelling method and stability analysis are verified by direct time‐domain simulation results.
Transition from spot to faculae domination
Authors: Reinhold Timo , Bell Keaton J. , Kuszlewicz James , Hekker Saskia , Shapiro Alexander I.
Published: December 2018

Context. The study of stellar activity cycles is crucial to understand the underlying dynamo and how it causes magnetic activity signatures such as dark spots and bright faculae. Having knowledge about the dominant source of surface activity might allow us to draw conclusions about the stellar age and magnetic field topology, and to put the solar cycle in context.

Aims. We investigate the underlying process that causes magnetic activity by studying the appearance of activity signatures in contemporaneous photometric and chromospheric time series.

Methods. Lomb-Scargle periodograms are used to search for cycle periods present in the photometric and chromospheric time series. To emphasize the signature of the activity cycle we account for rotation-induced scatter in both data sets by fitting a quasi-periodic Gaussian process model to each observing season. After subtracting the rotational variability, cycle amplitudes and the phase difference between the two time series are obtained by fitting both time series simultaneously using the same cycle period.

Results. We find cycle periods in 27 of the 30 stars in our sample. The phase difference between the two time series reveals that the variability in fast-rotating active stars is usually in anti-phase, while the variability of slowly rotating inactive stars is in phase. The photometric cycle amplitudes are on average six times larger for the active stars. The phase and amplitude information demonstrates that active stars are dominated by dark spots, whereas less-active stars are dominated by bright faculae. We find the transition from spot to faculae domination to be at the Vaughan–Preston gap, and around a Rossby number equal to one.

Conclusions. We conclude that faculae are the dominant ingredient of stellar activity cycles at ages ≳2.55 Gyr. The data further suggest that the Vaughan–Preston gap cannot explain the previously detected dearth of Kepler rotation periods between 15 and 25 days. Nevertheless, our results led us to propose an explanation for the lack of rotation periods to be due to the non-detection of periodicity caused by the cancelation of dark spots and bright faculae at ∼800 Myr.
Orbital stability of Earth Trojans
Authors: Zhou Lei , Xu Yang-Bo , Zhou Li-Yong , Dvorak Rudolf , Li Jian
Published: December 2018

The only discovery of Earth Trojan 2010 TK7 and the subsequent launch of OSIRIS-REx have motived us to investigate the stability around the triangular Lagrange points of the Earth, L4 and L5. In this paper we present detailed dynamical maps on the (a0, i0) plane with the spectral number (SN) indicating the stability. Two main stability regions, separated by a chaotic region arising from the ν3 and ν4 secular resonances, are found at low (i0 ≤ 15°) and moderate (24 ° ≤i0 ≤ 37°) inclinations, respectively. The most stable orbits reside below i0 = 10° and they can survive the age of the solar system. The nodal secular resonance ν13 could vary the inclinations from 0° to ∼10° according to their initial values, while ν14 could pump up the inclinations to ∼20° and upwards. The fine structures in the dynamical maps are related to higher degree secular resonances, of which different types dominate different areas. The dynamical behaviour of the tadpole and horseshoe orbits, reflected in their secular precession, show great differences in the frequency space. The secular resonances involving the tadpole orbits are more sensitive to the frequency drift of the inner planets, thus the instabilities could sweep across the phase space, leading to the clearance of tadpole orbits. We are more likely to find terrestrial companions on horseshoe orbits. The Yarkovsky effect could destabilize Earth Trojans in varying degrees. We numerically obtain the formula describing the stabilities affected by the Yarkovsky effect and find the asymmetry between the prograde and retrograde rotating Earth Trojans. The existence of small primordial Earth Trojans that avoid being detected but survive the Yarkovsky effect for 4.5 Gyr is substantially ruled out.
Multifrequency filter search for high redshift sources and lensing systems in Herschel-ATLAS
Authors: Manjón-García A. , Herranz D. , Diego J. M. , Bonavera L. , González-Nuevo J.
Published: December 2018

We present a new catalog of high-redshift candidate Herschel sources. Our sample is obtained after applying a multifrequency filtering method (“matched multifilter”), which is designed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of faint extragalactic point sources. The method is tested against already-detected sources from the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS) and used to search for new high-redshift candidates. The multifilter technique also produces an estimation of the photometric redshift of the sources. When compared with a sample of sources with known spectroscopic redshift, the photometric redshift returned from the multifilter is unbiased in the redshift range 0.8 <  z <  4.3. Using simulated data we reproduced the same unbiased result in roughly the same redshift range and determined the error (and bias above z ≈ 4) in the photometric redshifts. Based on the multifilter technique, and a selection based on color, flux, and agreement of fit between the observed photometry and assumed SED, we find 370 robust candidates to be relatively bright high-redshift sources. A second sample with 237 objects focuses on the faint end at high-redshift. These 237 sources were previously near the H-ATLAS detection limit but are now confirmed with our technique as high significance detections. Finally, we look for possible lensed Herschel sources by cross-correlating the first sample of 370 objects with two different catalogs of known low-redshift objects, the redMaPPer Galaxy Cluster Catalog and a catalog of galaxies with spectroscopic redshift from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 14. Our search renders a number of candidates to be lensed systems from the SDSS cross-correlation but none from the redMaPPeR confirming the more likely galactic nature of the lenses.
Dimensionen der Bibliotherapie im historischen Kontext des heilsamen Lesens
Authors: Engelhardt Dietrich
Published: December 2018

Seit der Antike wird der Literatur eine Rolle in medizinischer Therapie und Psychotherapie zugeschrieben. Medizin selbst gilt als Kunst (ars) und nicht nur als Wissenschaft (scientia), auch das Leben mit der Krankheit ist eine Kunst. Das positivistische 19. Jahrhundert führt mit der naturwissenschaftlichen Orientierung zu einer Vernachlässigung; zu neuen Initiativen kommt es in der Gegenwart, mit zunehmender Anerkennung des Beitrags der Literatur und aller Künste für einen gelingenden Umgang mit Krankheit, Schmerz und Tod. Sechs Dimensionen sind von zentraler Bedeutung: Lesen in Gesundheit und Krankheit; Einfluß der unterschiedlichen Krankheiten; Abhängigkeit von der Therapieform; Persönlichkeit des Kranken; Vermittlung des literarischen Textes; Berufsbild des Bibliotherapeuten. Literatur ist aber kein Medikament, kann nicht „verschrieben“ werden; entscheidend ist die empathisch-kommunikative Wechselbeziehung im Dreieck von Therapeut, Patient und Text. Der Erfolg der Bibliotherapie mißt sich an den Auswirkungen auf: Körperbeziehung, Raumbeziehung, Zeitbeziehung, soziale Beziehung, Selbstbeziehung und Weltbeziehung. Literatur als kulturelle Antwort auf Krankheit und Therapie, Patient und Therapeut übersteigt zugleich jede Behandlung im biologischen Sinn, öffnet eine diesseitige Überzeitlichkeit oder immanente Transzendenz, trägt zu einer Medizin als medical humanities bei – menschlich und für Menschen.
Talbot interferometry for imaging two-dimensional electron density distribution over discharge plasma with higher sensitivity
Authors: Inada Y. , Kamiya T. , Nagai H. , Matsuoka S. , Kumada A. , Ikeda H. , Hidaka K.
Published: December 2018

The basic properties of a Talbot interferometer implementing pinhole arrays were experimentally and numerically investigated for the improvement of measurement sensitivity of laser wavefront sensors utilized for electron density imaging over discharge plasmas. A numerical simulation using a plane wave decomposition method indicated that the pinhole arrays with a pitch of 300 μm and a pinhole diameter of 150 μm were most suitable for the measurement of the millimetre-scale discharge plasmas, in consideration of the spatial resolution and measurement accuracy. The plane wave decomposition simulation expected that the measurement sensitivity of the 8th-Talbot-length interferometer could be improved by a factor of 4 compared with the previously developed Shack-Hartmann type laser wavefront sensors, which was experimentally verified by the self-image behavior of the pinhole arrays. The Talbot interferometric system was successfully used for electron density imaging over the vacuum arcs generated between a 3-mm gap. The electron density image observed by the Talbot interferometers was in excellent agreement with that visualized by the previously developed Shack-Hartmann sensors. The practical notification for the pinhole array fabrication was also presented.
Influence of mesoporous or parasitic BiFeO3 structural state on the magnetization reversal in multiferroic BiFeO3/Ni81Fe19 polycrystalline bilayers
Authors: Jahjah W. , Jay J.-Ph. , Le Grand Y. , Fessant A. , Richy J. , Marcelot C. , Warot-Fonrose B. , Prinsloo A. R. E. , Sheppard C. J. , Dekadjevi D. T. , Spenato D.
Published: December 2018

Coupled ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic bilayers are an important class of materials that allow manipulating magnetic properties, including the interfacial exchange bias phenomenon. Bismuth ferrite, BiFeO3, is the most studied single-phase magnetoelectric multiferroic due to its unique ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic orderings well above room temperature. We report on a systematic experimental study regarding the direct correlation between the Bi2O3 parasitic phase concentration in the BiFeO3 and the magnetic properties of the polycrystalline heterostructure BiFeO3/Ni81Fe19 deposited via magnetron sputtering. It was found that the macroscopic exchange field, that arises from exchange bias coupling, is zero for phase-pure BiFeO3 and increases up to 18 Oe on increasing the concentration of Bi2O3. This trend is in agreement with the azimuthal behavior of the magnetization reversal. The structural characterization also indicates that phase-pure BiFeO3 has a disordered mesoporous structure. The influence of the Bi2O3 parasitic phase and mesoporous state, that is known to exist and introduce defects in the polycrystalline bilayers of BiFeO3/Ni81Fe19, on the magnetization reversal and exchange bias coupling is reported for the first time in this study.
Geometries of Au nanoparticle-chains control their percolation in polymer
Authors: Zhang Faling , Wang Guotong , Wang Chengyuan , Tang Chun , Sun Tiger , Yu Xiaozhu
Published: December 2018

Gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-polymer composites have emerged as promising candidates for flexible electronics due to their super-high stretchability and metal-like conductivity. Their percolation threshold is, however, much higher than that of 1D carbon nanotubes or silver nanowires. A practical and appealing solution is to assemble AuNPs into 1D quasi-nanowires via the van der Waals interaction. In this letter, electron tunneling is incorporated into the theory of traditional composites to explore the percolation of these nanocomposites. The geometries of AuNP-chains are found to play a key role in determining the effect of electron tunneling and thus the overall percolation behavior. Small and/or short AuNP-chains yield the substantial tunneling effect, leading to the rapid growth in conductivity across a transition zone where the conductivity mechanism transfers from electron tunneling to contact conductance. This unique feature agrees with experimental observation but cannot be characterized directly by existing theories.
p-Diamond as candidate for plasmonic terahertz and far infrared applications
Authors: Shur Michael , Rudin Sergey , Rupper Greg , Ivanov Tony
Published: December 2018

High values of the hole mobility, low contact resistance, and high hole sheet densities in diamond two-dimensional hole gas make p-diamond field effect transistors superb candidates for implementing high temperature plasmonic sub-terahertz, terahertz, and far infrared devices. Our calculations show that p-diamond sub-THz transistors are viable contenders, especially for applications in the 200 to 600 GHz atmospheric window which are of special interest for the beyond 5 G sub-THz communications.
New aspects of operando Raman spectroscopy applied to electrochemical CO2 reduction on Cu foams
Authors: Jiang Shan , Klingan Katharina , Pasquini Chiara , Dau Holger
Published: December 2018

The mechanism of electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) on copper surfaces is still insufficiently understood. Operando Raman spectroscopy is ideally suited to elucidate the role of adsorbed reaction intermediates and products. For a Cu foam material which has been previously characterized regarding electrochemical properties and product spectrum, 129 operando spectra are reported, covering the spectral range from 250 to 3300 cm−1. (1) The dendritic foam structure facilitates surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and thus electrochemical operando spectroscopy, without any further surface manipulations. (2) Both Raman enhancement and SERS background depend strongly on the electric potential and the “history” of preceding potential sequences. (3) To restore the plausible intensity dependencies of Raman bands, normalization to the SERS background intensity is proposed. (4) Two distinct types of *CO adsorption modes are resolved. (5) Hysteresis in the potential-dependent *CO desorption supports previous electrochemical analyses; saturating *CO adsorption may limit CO formation rates. (6) HCO3− likely deprotonates upon adsorption so that exclusively adsorbed carbonate is detectable, but with strong dependence on the preceding potential sequences. (7) A variety of species and adsorption modes of reaction products containing C—H bonds were detected and compared to reference solutions of likely reaction products, but further investigations are required for assignment to specific molecular species. (8) The Raman bands of adsorbed reaction products depend weakly or strongly on the preceding potential sequences. In future investigations, suitably designed potential protocols could provide valuable insights into the potential-dependent kinetics of product formation, adsorption, and desorption.
Barriers for interfacial back-electron transfer: A comparison between TiO2 and SnO2/TiO2 core/shell structures
Authors: Troian-Gautier Ludovic , Sampaio Renato N. , Piechota Eric J. , Brady Matthew D. , Meyer Gerald J.
Published: December 2018

Temperature dependent kinetics for back-electron transfer (BET) from electrons in TiO2 or SnO2/TiO2 core/shell nanoparticles to oxidized donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) sensitizers is reported over a 110° range. Two D-B-A sensitizers (CF3-p and CF3-x) were utilized that differed only by the nature of the bridging ligand: a xylyl spacer that largely insulated the two redox active centers and a phenyl bridge that promoted strong electronic coupling and an adiabatic electron transfer mechanism. An Arrhenius analysis revealed that the activation energies were significantly larger for the core/shell oxides, Ea = 32 ± 4 kJ/mol, compared to TiO2 alone, Ea = 22 ± 6 kJ/mol. The barriers for BET on sensitized TiO2 were within the same range as previous literature reports, while this study represents the first quantification for SnO2/TiO2 core/shell materials. Two different models were proposed to rationalize the larger barrier for the core/shell materials: (1) a band edge offset model and (2) a low energy trap state model with recombination from the TiO2 rutile polymorph shell. The latter model was preferred and is in better agreement with the experimental data. The kinetic analysis also afforded the forward and reverse rate constants for the intramolecular equilibrium. In accordance with theoretical predictions and previous research, the absolute value of the free energy change was smaller for the adiabatic equilibrium provided by the phenyl bridge, i.e., |ΔGoad| <|ΔGo|.
The role of solvent quality and chain stiffness on the end-to-end contact kinetics of semiflexible polymers
Authors: Wu Jing , Huang Yiran , Yin Hongmei , Chen Tao
Published: December 2018

Motivated by loop closure during protein folding and DNA packing, we systemically studied the effects of the solvent quality and chain stiffness on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the end-to-end contact formation for semiflexible polymer chains with reactive ends by Langevin dynamics simulations. In thermodynamics, a rich variety of products of the end-to-end contact have been discovered, such as loop, hairpin, toroid, and rodlike bundle, the populations of which are dependent on the solvent quality and chain stiffness. In kinetics, the overall pathways to form the end-to-end contact have been identified. The change of solvent quality and chain stiffness can tune the roughness of energy landscape and modulate the kinetic partitioning of the end-to-end contact formation pathways, leading to differing kinetic behaviors. In good or poor solvents, the first end-to-end contact rate kc decreases with increasing the strength of bending stiffness kθ monotonically. In very poor solvents, however, the dependence of the logarithm of the first end-to-end contact rate ln kc on kθ exhibits erratic behavior, which stems from more rugged energy landscape due to the polymer chain getting trapped into the intermediate state composed of the rodlike bundles with two ends in separation. For semiflexible chains, with increasing chain length N, the rate kc increases initially and then decreases: in good solvents, the rate kc exhibits a power-law relationship to chain length N with an exponent of ∼−1.50 in the region of long chains, which is in good agreement with the value derived from the experiment in the asymptotic limit of large N; and in poor solvents, the rate kc exhibits a significantly stronger chain length dependence than those observed in good solvents in the region of long chains due to frustration to form the end-to-end contact along a specific path, especially the scaling exponent between the rate kc and chain length N is ∼−3.62 for the case of polymer chains with kθ = 4 at the solvent quality εij = 1, in accord with the value obtained from the experiments.
Wettability-mediated dynamics of two-phase flow in microfluidic T-junction
Authors: Boruah Manash Protim , Sarker Anik , Randive Pitambar R. , Pati Sukumar , Chakraborty Suman
Published: December 2018

Fundamental understanding of two-phase flow and the concomitant implications of wall wettability and viscosity are critical in areas like microfluidics and lab on chip applications. In this work, numerical investigation of the displacement of two immiscible fluids in a T-junction is presented. The study reveals the interplay of critical physicochemical determinants like capillarity, viscosity, and wettability on the dynamics of two-phase flow. Temporal evolution of the displacement of dispersed phase resulting into different regimes like squeezing, dripping, necking, droplet formation, and jetting for a combination of capillary numbers, viscosity ratios, and wettability scenarios is furnished in detail in order to elucidate the mechanism of droplet formation through the displacement behavior of two-phase flow. The findings establish the surface wettability to be the dominating factor in determining the time evolution of the dispersed liquid interface at a lower capillary number. With the increase in the hydrophobicity of the surface, the liquid interface transits from squeezing to dripping and then to droplet formation at a low capillary number. However, irrespective of wettability, the regime changes from jetting to parallel flows due to an increase in capillary number beyond a critical limit. Furthermore, the phenomenon of squeezing, necking, and breakage occurs relatively earlier with the increase in viscosity ratio and hydrophobicity of the surface. These results may bear significant implications toward designing of droplet dispensing systems with the substrate wettability as a critical controlling parameter.
Unsteady analysis of adiabatic film cooling effectiveness for discrete hole with oscillating mainstream flow
Authors: Zhou Wenwu , Chen Han , Liu Yingzheng , Wen Xin , Peng Di
Published: December 2018

The unsteady behaviors of adiabatic effectiveness under oscillating flow conditions were studied extensively using the fast-response pressure-sensitive paint technique. Nitrogen was used as the coolant and was discharged from a 35°-inclined round hole. The oscillation frequencies of the mainstream were set to 0, 5, 10, and 20 Hz. The unsteady features of the measured effectiveness were quantified in terms of standard deviations, cross correlations, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). Compared to the steady state, the measured effectiveness for the f = 10 and 20 Hz cases varied greatly during each cycle and led to significant enhancement in fluctuations. Cross correlations were used to determine the spatial signatures of large-scale structures (i.e., counterrotating vortex pairs, the horseshoe vortex, and structures near the hole) at various oscillation frequencies. Further POD and DMD analyses successfully decomposed the instantaneous fluctuations into a series of energetic modes, which vividly illustrated the strong modulations in adiabatic effectiveness imposed by flow oscillations and unsteady events.
Invited Article: Scalable high-sensitivity optomechanical magnetometers on a chip
Authors: Li Bei-Bei , Bulla Douglas , Prakash Varun , Forstner Stefan , Dehghan-Manshadi Ali , Rubinsztein-Dunlop Halina , Foster Scott , Bowen Warwick P.
Published: December 2018

The dual-resonant enhancement of mechanical and optical response in cavity optomechanical magnetometers enables precision sensing of magnetic fields. In previous working prototypes of such magnetometers, a cavity optomechanical system is functionalized by manually epoxy-bonding a grain of magnetostrictive material. While this approach allows proof-of-principle demonstrations, practical applications require more scalable and reproducible fabrication pathways. In this work, we developed a multiple-step method to scalably fabricate optomechanical magnetometers on a silicon chip, with reproducible performance across different devices. The key step is to develop a process to sputter coat a magnetostrictive film onto high quality toroidal microresonators, without degradation of the optical quality factor. A peak sensitivity of 585 pT/Hz is achieved, which is comparable with previously reported results using epoxy-bonding. Furthermore, we demonstrate that thermally annealing the sputtered film can improve the magnetometer sensitivity by a factor of 6.3.
Dissociative recombination process of ammonium for HN-MAR in high density D-N plasmas
Authors: Abe S. , Chakraborty Thakur S. , Doerner R. P. , Tynan G. R.
Published: December 2018

Ammonia molecules formed in a nitrogen-seeded D-fueled plasma are shown to catalyze volumetric recombination of hydrogen ions. This Hydronitrogen Molecular Assisted Recombination (HN-MAR) process occurs by charge and ion exchange reactions with ammonia (ND3), leading to subsequent volumetric recombination with ND3+ and ND4+ molecular ions. When the plasma density is raised to the point where volumetric recombination dominates plasma losses to the wall [ne > 1018 m−3], a calibrated electrostatic quadrupole plasma analyzer shows that the ND4+ ammonium ion density fraction drops from 0.55 to 0.11. We show that this is consistent with a 0-d kinetics model that includes the HN-MAR process with rates that are proportional to the electron density. The results suggest that direct injection of ammonia would provide a more efficient pathway to achieve divertor detachment in future tokamak experiments.