bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MiRNA-200C expression in Fanconi anemia pathway functionally deficient lung cancers
Authors: Duan Wenrui , Tang Shirley , Gao Li , Dotts Kathleen , Fink Andrew , Kalvala Arjun , Aguila Brittany , Wang Qi-En , Villalona-Calero Miguel A.
Published: February 2021

The Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway is essential for human cells to maintain genomic integrity following DNA damage. This pathway is involved in repairing damaged DNA through homologous recombination. Cancers with a defective FA pathway are expected to be more sensitive to cross-link based therapy or PARP inhibitors. To evaluate downstream effectors of the FA pathway, we studied the expression of 734 different micro RNAs (miRNA) using NanoString nCounter miRNA array in two FA defective lung cancer cells and matched control cells, along with two lung tumors and matched non-tumor tissue samples that were deficient in the FA pathway. Selected miRNA expression was validated with real-time PCR analysis. Among 734 different miRNAs, a cluster of microRNAs were found to be up-regulated including an important cancer related micro RNA, miR-200C. MiRNA-200C has been reported as a negative regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibits cell migration and invasion by promoting the upregulation of E-cadherin through targeting ZEB1 and ZEB2 transcription factors. miRNA-200C was increased in the FA defective lung cancers as compared to controls. AmpliSeq analysis showed significant reduction in ZEB1 and ZEB2 mRNA expression. Our findings indicate the miRNA-200C potentially play a very important role in FA pathway downstream regulation.
Erythrocytes 3D genome organization in vertebrates
Authors: Ryzhkova Anastasia , Taskina Alena , Khabarova Anna , Fishman Veniamin , Battulin Nariman
Published: February 2021

Generation of mature red blood cells, consisting mainly of hemoglobin, is a remarkable example of coordinated action of various signaling networks. Chromatin condensation is an essential step for terminal erythroid differentiation and subsequent nuclear expulsion in mammals. Here, we profiled 3D genome organization in the blood cells from ten species belonging to different vertebrate classes. Our analysis of contact maps revealed a striking absence of such 3D interaction patterns as loops or TADs in blood cells of all analyzed representatives. We also detect large-scale chromatin rearrangements in blood cells from mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians: their contact maps display strong second diagonal pattern, representing an increased frequency of long-range contacts, unrelated to TADs or compartments. This pattern is completely atypical for interphase chromosome structure. We confirm that these principles of genome organization are conservative in vertebrate erythroid cells.
Infectious disease outbreak prediction using media articles with machine learning models
Authors: Kim Juhyeon , Ahn Insung
Published: February 2021

When a newly emerging infectious disease breaks out in a country, it brings critical damage to both human health conditions and the national economy. For this reason, apprehending which disease will newly emerge, and preparing countermeasures for that disease, are required. Many different types of infectious diseases are emerging and threatening global human health conditions. For this reason, the detection of emerging infectious disease pattern is critical. However, as the epidemic spread of infectious disease occurs sporadically and rapidly, it is not easy to predict whether an infectious disease will emerge or not. Furthermore, accumulating data related to a specific infectious disease is not easy. For these reasons, finding useful data and building a prediction model with these data is required. The Internet press releases numerous articles every day that rapidly reflect currently pending issues. Thus, in this research, we accumulated Internet articles from Medisys that were related to infectious disease, to see if news data could be used to predict infectious disease outbreak. Articles related to infectious disease from January to December 2019 were collected. In this study, we evaluated if newly emerging infectious diseases could be detected using the news article data. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Semi-supervised Learning (SSL), and Deep Neural Network (DNN) were used for prediction to examine the use of information embedded in the web articles: and to detect the pattern of emerging infectious disease.
Transketolase regulates sensitivity to APR-246 in p53-null cells independently of oxidative stress modulation
Authors: Milne Julia V. , Zhang Bonnie Z. , Fujihara Kenji M. , Dawar Swati , Phillips Wayne A. , Clemons Nicholas J.
Published: February 2021

The prevalence and dire implications of mutations in the tumour suppressor, p53, highlight its appeal as a chemotherapeutic target. We recently showed that impairing cellular antioxidant systems via inhibition of SLC7A11, a component of the system xc− cystine-glutamate antiporter, enhances sensitivity to mutant-p53 targeted therapy, APR-246. We investigated whether this synergy extends to other genes, such as those encoding enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). TKT, one of the major enzymes of the PPP, is allegedly regulated by NRF2, which is in turn impaired by accumulated mutant-p53 protein. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between mutant-p53, TKT and sensitivity to APR-246. We found that mutant-p53 does not alter expression of TKT, nor is TKT modulated directly by NRF2, suggesting a more complex mechanism at play. Furthermore, we found that in p53null cells, knockdown of TKT increased sensitivity to APR-246, whilst TKT overexpression conferred resistance to the drug. However, neither permutation elicited any effect on cells overexpressing mutant-p53 protein, despite mediating oxidative stress levels in a similar fashion to that in p53-null cells. In sum, this study has unveiled TKT expression as a determinant for sensitivity to APR-246 in p53-null cells.
Identification of candidate repurposable drugs to combat COVID-19 using a signature-based approach
Authors: O’Donovan Sinead M. , Imami Ali , Eby Hunter , Henkel Nicholas D. , Creeden Justin Fortune , Asah Sophie , Zhang Xiaolu , Wu Xiaojun , Alnafisah Rawan , Taylor R. Travis , Reigle James , Thorman Alexander , Shamsaei Behrouz , Meller Jarek , McCullumsmith Robert E.
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 is more contagious than other coronaviruses and has higher rates of mortality than influenza. Identification of effective therapeutics is a crucial tool to treat those infected with SARS-CoV-2 and limit the spread of this novel disease globally. We deployed a bioinformatics workflow to identify candidate drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. Using an “omics” repository, the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS), we simultaneously probed transcriptomic signatures of putative COVID-19 drugs and publicly available SARS-CoV-2 infected cell lines to identify novel therapeutics. We identified a shortlist of 20 candidate drugs: 8 are already under trial for the treatment of COVID-19, the remaining 12 have antiviral properties and 6 have antiviral efficacy against coronaviruses specifically, in vitro. All candidate drugs are either FDA approved or are under investigation. Our candidate drug findings are discordant with (i.e., reverse) SARS-CoV-2 transcriptome signatures generated in vitro, and a subset are also identified in transcriptome signatures generated from COVID-19 patient samples, like the MEK inhibitor selumetinib. Overall, our findings provide additional support for drugs that are already being explored as therapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID-19 and identify promising novel targets that are worthy of further investigation.
Tropical storms trigger phytoplankton blooms in the deserts of north Indian Ocean
Authors: Kuttippurath J. , Sunanda N. , Martin M. V. , Chakraborty Kunal
Published: February 2021

As the phytoplanktons consume carbon dioxide, they significantly influence the global carbon cycle and thus, the global temperature by modifying sea surface temperature. Studies on the changes in chlorophyll–a (Chl-a) amount are therefore, key for understanding the changes in ocean productivity, global carbon budget and climate. Here, we report the cyclone-induced Chl-a blooms in the North Indian Ocean (NIO) using the ocean colour measurements from satellites for the past two decades (1997–2019). The average Chl-a concentration associated with cyclone-induced phytoplankton blooms is around 1.65 mg/m3, which is about 20–3000% higher than the average open ocean or pre-cyclone Chl-a levels, depending on the cyclones. In general, the phytoplankton bloom is inversely related to the translational speed (TS) of cyclones, as slower storms make intense Chl-a blooms. In addition to wind-induced upwelling and TS of cyclones, cold-core eddies also play a major role in enhancement of Chl-a when the cyclones encounter eddies on their track. It is observed that the cyclone-induced phytoplankton blooms are larger in the La Niña years than that in the El Niño and normal years. The amplitude of bloom is higher for the positive IOD years in Bay of Bengal, but for negative IOD years in Arabian Sea. Henceforth, this study provides new insights into the life cycle, seasonal changes, and magnitude of the cyclone-induced primary production, remote forcing and greenhouse mediated climate change in NIO.
βA1-crystallin regulates glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in mouse retinal astrocytes by modulating PTP1B activity
Authors: Ghosh Sayan , Liu Haitao , Yazdankhah Meysam , Stepicheva Nadezda , Shang Peng , Vaidya Tanuja , Hose Stacey , Gupta Urvi , Calderon Michael Joseph , Hu Ming-Wen , Nair Archana Padmanabhan , Weiss Joseph , Fitting Christopher S. , Bhutto Imran A. , Gadde Santosh Gopi Krishna , Naik Naveen Kumar , Jaydev Chaitra , Lutty Gerard A. , Handa James T. , Jayagopal Ashwath , Qian Jiang , Sahel José-Alain , Rajasundaram Dhivyaa , Sergeev Yuri , Zigler J. Samuel , Sethu Swaminathan , Watkins Simon , Ghosh Arkasubhra , Sinha Debasish
Published: February 2021

βA3/A1-crystallin, a lens protein that is also expressed in astrocytes, is produced as βA3 and βA1-crystallin isoforms by leaky ribosomal scanning. In a previous human proteome high-throughput array, we found that βA3/A1-crystallin interacts with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a key regulator of glucose metabolism. This prompted us to explore possible roles of βA3/A1-crystallin in metabolism of retinal astrocytes. We found that βA1-crystallin acts as an uncompetitive inhibitor of PTP1B, but βA3-crystallin does not. Loss of βA1-crystallin in astrocytes triggers metabolic abnormalities and inflammation. In CRISPR/cas9 gene-edited βA1-knockdown (KD) mice, but not in βA3-knockout (KO) mice, the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic retinopathy (DR)-like phenotype is exacerbated. Here, we have identified βA1-crystallin as a regulator of PTP1B; loss of this regulation may be a new mechanism by which astrocytes contribute to DR. Interestingly, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients showed reduced βA1-crystallin and higher levels of PTP1B in the vitreous humor.
Photoreceptor metabolic reprogramming: current understanding and therapeutic implications
Authors: Pan Warren W. , Wubben Thomas J. , Besirli Cagri G.
Published: February 2021

Acquired and inherited retinal disorders are responsible for vision loss in an increasing proportion of individuals worldwide. Photoreceptor (PR) death is central to the vision loss individuals experience in these various retinal diseases. Unfortunately, there is a lack of treatment options to prevent PR loss, so an urgent unmet need exists for therapies that improve PR survival and ultimately, vision. The retina is one of the most energy demanding tissues in the body, and this is driven in large part by the metabolic needs of PRs. Recent studies suggest that disruption of nutrient availability and regulation of cell metabolism may be a unifying mechanism in PR death. Understanding retinal cell metabolism and how it is altered in disease has been identified as a priority area of research. The focus of this review is on the recent advances in the understanding of PR metabolism and how it is critical to reduction-oxidation (redox) balance, the outer retinal metabolic ecosystem, and retinal disease. The importance of these metabolic processes is just beginning to be realized and unraveling the metabolic and redox pathways integral to PR health may identify novel targets for neuroprotective strategies that prevent blindness in the heterogenous group of retinal disorders.
Fe-MIL tuned and bound with Bi4O5Br2 for boosting photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CH4 under simulated sunlight
Authors: Li Xiaoli , Tang Yuan , Jiang Yue , Mu Manman , Yin Xiaohong
Published: February 2021

The innovative material synthesized in this experiment can reduce CO2 to methane under simulated sunlight, solving environmental pollution and energy problems.
[Re(CO)3(5-PAN)Cl], a rhenium(i) naphthalimide complex for the visible light photocatalytic reduction of CO2
Authors: Case Derek R. , Spear Alyssa , Henwood Adam F. , Nanao Max , Dampf Sara , Korter Timothy M. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur , Zubieta Jon , Doyle Robert P.
Published: February 2021

A rhenium(i) naphthalimide complex [Re(CO)3(5-PAN)Cl] (Re(5-PAN); 5-PAN = 1-(1,10-phenanthroline)-4-nitro-naphthalimide) was synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as a photocatalyst for CO2 reduction.
A pH-sensitive nanoagent self-assembled from a highly negatively-charged phthalocyanine with excellent biosafety for photothermal therapy
Authors: Zheng Bing-De , Huang Zhen-Liang , Lv Li-Li , Lan Wen-Liang , Hu Jia-Qian , Li Xingshu , Zheng Bi-Yuan , Ke Mei-Rong , Huang Jian-Dong
Published: February 2021

A negative-charged and pH-sensitive nanoagent self-assembled from a multisulfonate-substituted phthalocyanine was prepared, which showed highly efficient photothermal anticancer efficacy with very low accumulation in liver and excellent biosafety.
Mesoporous (001)-TiO2 nanocrystals with tailored Ti3+ and surface oxygen vacancies for boosting photocatalytic selective conversion of aromatic alcohols
Authors: Li Dianfeng , Wang Jinguo , Xu Fengxia , Zhang Nianchen , Men Yong
Published: February 2021

Mesoporous (001)-TiO2 nanocrystals with tailored Ti3+ and surface oxygen vacancies exhibited remarkably boosted photoactivity for selective conversion of aromatic alcohols to carbonyl compounds in water medium under visible-light irradiation.
Gold(i)-doped films: new routes for efficient room temperature phosphorescent materials
Authors: de Aquino Araceli , Caparrós Francisco J. , Truong Khai-Nghi , Rissanen Kari , Ferrer Montserrat , Jung Yongsik , Choi Hyeonho , Lima João Carlos , Rodríguez Laura
Published: February 2021

The synthesis of four novel gold(i)-phosphane complexes coordinated to 9-phenanthrene has been carried out and their inclusion within organic matrixes showed the formation of new pure room temperature phosphorescence materials.
A chiral spirobifluorene-based bis(salen) zinc(ii) receptor towards highly enantioselective binding of chiral carboxylates
Authors: Ikbal Sk Asif , Sakata Yoko , Akine Shigehisa
Published: February 2021

A new chiral receptor based on two salen zinc(ii) complex units and a spirobifluorene linker enantioselectively binds chiral carboxylate guests.
Investigation of the dissolution and diffusion properties of interstitial oxygen at grain boundaries in body-centered-cubic iron by the first-principles study
Authors: Liu Zhijie , Zhang Yange , Li Xiangyan , Xu Yichun , Wu Xuebang , Liu Changsong , Kong Xiangshan , Yao Cunfeng , Wang Zhiguang
Published: February 2021

Oxygen atoms prefer to segregate to grain boundaries (2/2′). They segregate to Σ3〈110〉(111) with low energy barrier, but concentrate at the transition region of Σ5〈001〉(310) due to high energy barrier. They diffuse in grain boundaries (3/3′) more than in bulk (1/1′).
Pure room temperature phosphorescence emission of an organic host–guest doped system with a quantum efficiency of 64%
Authors: Liu Xiaoqing , Dai Wenbo , Qian Junjie , Lei Yunxiang , Liu Miaochang , Cai Zhengxu , Huang Xiaobo , Wu Huayue , Dong Yuping
Published: February 2021

A doped system with strong pure phosphorescent emission has been constructed, and the QY phos. can reach up to 64%. The ISC efficiency of excitons can be adjusted by changing the excitation wavelength, so the doped materials can selectively emit green phosphorescence or cyan fluorescence.
Molecular engineering of twisted dipolar chromophores for efficiency boosted BHJ solar cells
Authors: Abdul Raheem Abbasriyaludeen , Kumar Chitra , Shanmugam Ramasamy , Murugan P. , Praveen Chandrasekar
Published: February 2021

Replacing TCNE with TCNQ in push–pull dipolar chromophores increases the photovoltaic efficiency up to 7.79% in organic solar cells
Targeting islet G-protein-coupled receptors for type 2 diabetes therapy
Authors: Persaud Shanta J. , Olaniru Oladapo E. , Atanes Patricio
Published: February 2021

The majority of people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes (T2D), where hyperglycaemia occurs because the islet β-cells are unable to secrete enough insulin, usually in the context of insulin resistance that arises because of fat mass expansion. There are a range of pharmacotherapies in current use to treat T2D and pharmaceutical companies are actively engaged in the development of novel therapies for better glucose control. Ligands that target G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are obvious candidates because they are used successfully for a wide range of disorders and GLP-1 receptor agonists, which are a relatively recent class of diabetes therapy, have proved to be very effective in treating T2D. We provide here an overview of current successes, some drawbacks and future possibilities for GPCR-based T2D therapies.
Automatic layered RGB‐D scene flow estimation with optical flow field constraint
Authors: Li Xiuxiu , Liu Yanjuan , Jin Haiyan , Zheng Jiangbin , Cai Lei
Published: February 2021

Scene flow estimation with RGB‐D frames is receiving increasing attention in digital video processing and computer vision due to the widespread use of depth sensors. Existing methods based on object segmentation have shown their effectiveness for object occlusion and large displacement. However, improper segmentation often causes incomplete segmented areas or incorrect edges, which will result in inaccurate occlusion inference and scene flow estimation. To this end, an automatic layered RGB‐D scene flow estimation method is proposed, which achieves more accurate layering of objects in depth image by exploring motion information. The authors exploit super‐pixel segmentation for initial layering, which is beneficial for preserving edges and integrity of the objects. Furthermore, an optical flow which is highly correlated with the scene is also used for automatic layering. Finally, the utilisation of super‐pixel segmentation and motion information would ensure the integrity of the object area and improve the accuracy of scene flow. They have validated their approach both qualitatively and quantitatively on several public datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed method is able to preserve the integrity of the object and achieve lower root mean square error and average angular error as compared with the current state‐of‐the‐art algorithms.
Infrared and visible image fusion using multi‐scale NSCT and rolling‐guidance filter
Authors: Selvaraj Arivazhagan , Ganesan Prema
Published: February 2021

Image fusion is essential to produce a complementary and comprehensive image, with the source images derived from different sensors, captured from different illumination conditions. In this study, a novel multi‐scale image fusion based on the combination of non‐subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) and rolling‐guidance filter (RGF) is used to enhance the edges and texture details better than the conventional methods. Initially, infrared (IR) and visible (VIS) source images are multi‐scale decomposed to low‐frequency and high‐frequency sub‐band coefficients by NSCT for the best representation of edges and curves. Further, the low‐frequency coefficients are decomposed into the base and detail layers by a combination of RGF and GF (Gaussian filter) to retain the features in multiple scales and to reduce halos near the edges. Base layers are fused by saliencybased fusion rule and detail layers are fused by Max absolute rule. High‐frequency coefficients are fused by consistency verification based fusion rule to preserve visual details and to suppress noise from source images. Finally, the image is reconstructed by inverse NSCT with good visual perception. Experimental results are evaluated by different evaluation metrics and the results suggest that the proposed method results with better improved source information, clarity and contrast.
Relevanz und Auswirkungen der 3. BtMVVÄndV für die Opioidsubstitutionstherapie
Authors: Lehmann Kirsten , Kuhn Silke , Schulte Bernd , Verthein Uwe
Published: February 2021

Hintergrund Die Opioidsubstitutionstherapie (OST) ist in Deutschland die wichtigste Therapieoption zur Behandlung der Opioidabhängigkeit. Trotz ihrer Effektivität limitieren strukturelle Rahmenbedingungen und die Zurückhaltung v. a. jüngerer ÄrztInnen, die Substitution anzubieten oder fortzuführen, die Ausweitung dieser Behandlung. Mit der 3. Verordnung zur Änderung der Betäubungsmittel-Verschreibungsverordnung (3. BtMVVÄndV) wurden 2017 umfassende Reformen der Rahmenbedingungen der Opioidsubstitutionstherapie verabschiedet. In dem vorliegenden Artikel werden die Ergebnisse leitfadengestützter Interviews mit substituierenden ÄrztInnen als ein Bestandteil einer umfassenden Evaluation dieser Änderungen vorgestellt.

Methode Im Zeitraum zwischen Dezember 2019 bis April 2020 wurden in den deutschen Bundesländern Hamburg, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Sachsen und Bayern insgesamt 31 qualitative Interviews mit substituierenden ÄrztInnen geführt. Der Interviewleitfaden beinhaltete Fragen zu den in der 3. BtMVVÄndV beschlossenen Neuerungen, zu strukturellen Voraussetzungen sowie Vorstellungen für eine zukünftige Gestaltung der Opioidsubstitutionstherapie.

Ergebnisse Das Durchschnittsalter der interviewten ÄrztInnen lag bei 58,5 Jahren, 77,4% waren männlich und 54,8% konsiliarisch tätig. Die Veränderungen der Substitutionsrichtlinie werden überwiegend positiv bewertet; bezogen auf die praktische Relevanz bestehen jedoch bundeslandbezogene Unterschiede. Eine hohe praktische Relevanz wird der Ausdehnung der Take-Home-Verordnung auf 30 Tage, der Ausnahme vom Sichtbezug auf 5 Tage sowie dem veränderten Umgang mit Beikonsum zugeschrieben. Von untergeordneter Bedeutung ist die Möglichkeit, nunmehr 10 anstatt 3 PatientInnen unter der Konsiliarregelung behandeln zu dürfen.

Schlussfolgerungen Die veränderten Vorschriften dürften nicht ausreichen, um neue ÄrztInnen für die Opioidsubstitutionstherapie zu gewinnen. Kooperationen mit Apotheken, Pflegeeinrichtungen und staatlichen Institutionen werden zukünftig an Bedeutung gewinnen. Ferner ist eine Unterstützung niedergelassener ÄrztInnen durch Substitutionsambulanzen, Psychiatrische Institutsambulanzen sowie Bezirkskrankenhäuser erforderlich. Der Behandlung von Abhängigkeitserkrankungen sollte in der Ausbildung von MedizinerInnen ein größerer Stellenwert zukommen.
Sexualität rund um die Geburt
Authors: Mottl Miriam M
Published: February 2021

Es existieren viele Mythen rund um die Sexualität der Frau, vor allem in der Zeit der Schwangerschaft und nach der Geburt. Die Autorin des vorliegenden Beitrags ist Fachärztin für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe und berät Frauen und Paare rund um Sexualität, Kinderwunsch und Schwangerschaft. Nachfolgend beleuchtet sie das Thema Sexualität vor, während und nach der Schwangerschaft aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht und aus ihrer Beratungserfahrung heraus und leitet Tipps für die Praxis ab.
Ambulantes Management nach vorzeitigem Blasensprung – eine chancenreiche Alternative auch für das geburtshilfliche Outcome
Authors: Klotzsch Anne-Katrin , Li Weijing , Kaiser Monique , Hurpin Marie , Abou-Dakn Michael
Published: February 2021

Das ambulante Management nach vorzeitigem Blasensprung am Termin erlaubt es, dass Frauen sich möglichst lang in ihrer vertrauten Umgebung aufhalten. Seit September 2017 wird das ambulante Procedere im St. Joseph Krankenhaus Berlin-Tempelhof erfolgreich praktiziert. Nun liegen die Ergebnisse einer retrospektiven, quantitativen Datenerhebung vor, die die positiven Effekte hinsichtlich des geburtshilflichen Outcomes bestätigen.
Was wissen wir über die Zusammenhänge von Urbanisierung und psychischen Erkrankungen?
Authors: Richter Daniel , Löbner Margrit , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Gühne Uta
Published: February 2021

Ziel der Arbeit Der in Städten lebende Anteil der Weltbevölkerung wird bis zum Jahr 2050 auf über zwei Drittel ansteigen. Die Arbeit gibt einen Überblick zu Untersuchungen über psychische Erkrankungen im Zusammenhang mit Urbanisierung und den zugrunde gelegten Konzepten.

Methodik Systematische Suche in Medline, Health Evidence und Google Scholar nach systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten und Einzelstudien. Analyse des Urbanisierungsbegriffs.

Ergebnisse Das urbane Setting geht mit höheren Inzidenz- und Prävalenzraten insbesondere für Störungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis sowie affektive Erkrankungen einher. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Urbanisierung und psychischer Gesundheit bei Zuwanderern (Migration: Land in Stadt) ist nicht eindeutig belegt. Soziodemografische und -ökonomische Faktoren wirken moderierend. Urbanisierung wird in den Arbeiten wenig einheitlich konzeptualisiert.

Schlussfolgerung Weitere nachhaltige Untersuchungen mit einheitlichen methodischen Konzepten und aktuellen Geburtskohorten sind erforderlich.
Effectiveness of Secondary Alveolar Bone Graft on Canine Eruption: Systematic Review
Authors: Lacerda-Santos Rogério , Batista Rhaslla Gonçalves , Neves Samantha Silva , Araújo José Lucas dos Santos , Vieira Rayssa Amaral , Carvalho Fabiola Galbiatti de , Pithon Matheus Melo , Martins Carolina de Castro
Published: February 2021

There are controversies related to the effects of bone grafts on tooth eruption and impaction in patients with cleft lip and palate. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of bone grafting on eruption of canines in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). An electronic search was conducted in six electronic databases and gray literature, without limitations on year of publication or language. The primary outcome was the increase in rate of canine eruption; the secondary outcomes were success of the bone graft, canine impaction due to agenesis of the lateral incisor, and effect of orthodontic treatment before and after bone grafting. The risk of bias was analyzed by means of the tool Cochrane risk of bias in nonrandomized controlled trials (NRCTs) of interventions (ROBINS-I). The certainty of the evidence was assessed for outcomes reported through a narrative synthesis using grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach. Four NRCTs were included, with a total of 360 patients, 283 UCLP and 77 bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). The studies reported association between the increase in the rate of tooth eruption and bone graft with very low certainty of evidence, and greater experience of surgical success, with low certainty of evidence. The majority of the studies found an association between increase in the rate of canine impaction and agenesis of the lateral incisor, with very low certainty of evidence. There was very low certainty of the efficacy of secondary alveolar bone grafting for increasing the rates of eruption and reducing impaction of the maxillary canine.
Off-Pump Technique May Prevent Worsening of Renal Function in CAD with CKD Undergoing CABG
Authors: Afsal Shaheen , Sujani K. , Viswanathan Shashank , Bhati Akshay , BR Harish , Kanchi Muralidhar
Published: February 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause for a significant proportion of all deaths and disability worldwide. Postoperative renal dysfunction following cardiac surgery is not an uncommon complication of cardiac surgery, which has serious implications with regard to morbidity, mortality, financial expenditure, and resource utilization. This study was performed to compare outcomes of patients with preoperative renal dysfunction with those having normal renal function undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG). Patients were divided into two categories, depending on their preoperative serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The preoperative renal dysfunction was defined as serum creatinine >1.3 mg/dL and/or estimated GFR (eGFR) of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The category A patients had normal renal function defined as serum creatinine ≤1.3 mg/dL and/or eGFR of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 while the category B patients had preoperative renal dysfunction that did not necessitate renal dialysis. Blood samples were collected from both category patients for serum creatinine prior to surgery, following surgery, on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and on the day of discharge. The occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) was defined as an increase in the serum creatinine levels of ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours or an increase of ≥1.5 above baseline known or presumed to have occurred within the previous 7 days based on Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria. This study demonstrated that there was worsening of renal function in 7.4% of patients with normal renal function and 10.74% of patients with renal dysfunction that was not statistically different. Based on the results, we conclude that preoperative renal dysfunction may be a contributing predictor of AKI following OPCABG, and we recommend that the patients with more severe renal dysfunction with eGFR of 45–60 mL/min should be studied to demonstrate this hypothesis.
Japanese politicians’ questions in parliament
Authors: Tanaka Lidia
Published: February 2021

This chapter addresses the paucity of research on parliamentary discourse in Japan by examining questions used in The House of Representatives Plenary Meetings (2014–2017). This study looks at grammatical, functional and turn-taking aspects to explore Japanese politicians’ questioning strategies and to ascertain whether the canonical ka-question is favored over other types of question forms. It also examines linguistic impoliteness which is noticeable in the discourse on both sides – the questioner and the answerer – or the opposition and the government. The analysis shows that Japanese politicians draw on very polarized questioning and answering strategies. Very polite forms are used but also aggressive linguistic strategies are deployed showing how language is used as a tool to attack the opposing members of Parliament and to defend own policies.
“You were resisting the whole time!”
Authors: Casey L. Guditus
Published: February 2021

This chapter uses critical discourse analysis (CDA) (Blommaert and Bulcaen 2000) to examine white police interactions with Black civilians in the United States. The syntactic, pragmatic, and discursive evidence in the interactions indicates the officers approach the interactions through an arrest framework based on assumption of civilian guilt. In contrast, it is arguable from the ways civilians ask questions and react to the officers’ accusations they frame the interactions as information exchanges. Because of this difference in framing, officers interpret actions allowable within an information exchange as “resistance” within an arrest framework, justifiying use of force against the civilians. This bias in the way civilians are treated when officers assume guilt problematizes this institutional interaction as unsafe for Black civilians.
Constructing interrupting inquiries as cooperative interactions
Authors: Nakamura Momoko
Published: February 2021

This chapter examines how speakers manage the simultaneous occurrence of questioning and interruption. The data are 22 sequences consisting of an interviewer’s interrupting question, the interviewee’s response, and the interviewer’s hai ‘yes’, from 60-minute interviews with eight women. I analyze what discursive strategies the interview participants employ to construct such sequences as cooperative interactions. The analysis shows that: (1) the interviewee constructs the sequence as a side activity, sustaining the status of her narrative as the main activity; (2) the interviewee turns the side activity into a crucial contribution to the interaction; and (3) the interviewer utilizes hai to explicitly transfer speakership to the interviewee. The findings demonstrate the importance of examining questions within sequences of ongoing interaction.
Tourism Planning in the Slovak High Tatras
Authors: Travis Anthony S.
Published: February 2021

The High Tatras mountain range separates Poland and Slovakia. Planning for tourism in this mountain area was mainly undertaken between the late 1940s and the 1970s and demonstrates an exceptional level of sophistication and quality. The planning goals included: recreation and tourist travel, essentially for a domestic audience; environmental protection of high-altitude regions, and their study; and therapeutic treatment. This case study describes the planning principles behind these objectives and how these goals were achieved.

Information

Adapted from 'Introduction to the High Tatras and the Slovak High Tatras Case study'. In: Travis A.S. (eds) Planning for Tourism, Leisure and Sustainability. CAB International, pp. 88-94

© T. Travis 2011
How the Singapore Tourism Board Confronted the 2002–2003 SARS Crisis
Authors: Joan Henderson
Published: February 2021

When the SARS virus was detected in Singapore in 2002, the Singapore Tourism Board stepped forward to become a key actor in the city’s response. Representing both government and the industry, it managed to maintain Singapore’s credibility as a tourist destination by the provision of up-to-date information for markets and the industry at home and abroad.

Information

Adapted from ‘Chapter 14 – International tourism and infectious diseases: managing the SARS crisis in Singapore’. In: Laws E., Prideaux B. and Chon K. (eds)
Crisis Management in Tourism
. CABI, pp. 186-199.

© CAB International 2007
Pilgrimage Trails in Japan’s Kii Peninsula
Authors: Ward-Perkins David
Published: February 2021

The Kii Peninsula boasts an exceptional heritage of ancient temples and monasteries. These assets have been opened up to tourism through the development of pilgrimage walking routes, attractive both to religious and cultural tourists. The Kumano Kodo trails link rural communities and small towns (population of 30,000–75,000) that are around 3 hours from major cities and that have few resources apart from small-scale agriculture and tourism.

Information

TEAM Tourism Consulting, adapted from cases prepared for STRELKA KB (2019)

© CAB International 2019
Community Relations in Őrség National Park
Authors: Smith Melanie K. , Csurgó Bernadett
Published: February 2021

The Őrség National Park in Hungary, is a protected area that attracts domestic and, increasingly, international tourists. The case study demonstrates how a Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) framework can be applied to a protected landscape providing new insights into local and tourism planning priorities. The national park’s tourism policy aims to decrease tensions between socio-economic development and ecological conservation. The National Park Authority (NPA) focuses on: (i) community development; (ii) education; (iii) local and regional development; (iv) place identity/attachment including local product development; and (v) cultural heritage protection. The NPA adopted sustainable tourism activities/initiatives involving both local tourism entrepreneurs and local communities including: (i) local tourism events and services; (ii) tourist routes to present protected areas and also the cultural heritage of the region; (iii) study trails; (iv) education programmes; and (v) local product development.

Information

Adapted from ‘Chapter 3 – Tourism, wellbeing and cultural ecosystem services: a case study of Őrség National Park, Hungary’. In: Azara, I., Michopoulou, E., Niccolini, F., Taff, B.D. and Clarke, A. (eds)
Tourism, Health, Wellbeing and Protected Areas
. CABI, pp. 26–38.

© CAB International 2018
Exploring the Case: Utah Farm-Chef-Fork: Linking Rural Growers with Urban Chefs
Authors: Ward-Perkins David
Published: February 2021

Introduction

A principal aim of the locavore movement is to reduce food-miles while giving consumers access to food that is of the region. Locally grown and locally raised food is of interest to tourists as it is a guarantee of authenticity, reflecting the landscapes and traditions of a place – in particular if it locally prepared at a food stand, in a restaurant or at a bed-and-breakfast.
Exploring the Case: Pilgrimage Trails in Japan’s Kii Peninsula
Authors: Ward-Perkins David
Published: February 2021

Introduction

The pilgrimage trail has become an important modern tourism product, thanks to the success of the Camino de Santiago. It has mostly been developed in Europe, but is also successful in Japan, where tourism is often of a low-key contemplative nature. The case of Kumano Kodo is an opportunity to understand how such routes develop and how they operate.
Exploring the Case: Community Relations in Őrség National Park
Authors: Ward-Perkins David
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Many national parks are located in areas of little or no habitation. The core issues in these parks are of an environmental nature: to protect then natural heritage, including plants, wildlife and other resources.

In Őrség National Park, on the other hand, which is home to a number of farming communities, relations with the inhabitants is a serious consideration.
The construction of a water clock: a proposal for teaching fluid physics in introductory courses
Authors: Savall-Alemany F , Esparza-Garcia M , Rosa-Cintas S , Martínez-Torregrosa J
Published: February 2021

In this work we present a water-driven clock (clepsydra) that uses the water that flows from a Mariotte flask to work. By designing and building all the elements properly, we get the seconds hand to make a full turn (1 min) at the right pace.
Dynamics of a pulsed negative nanosecond discharge on water surface and comparison with the positive discharge
Authors: Hamdan Ahmad , Diamond James , Herrmann Antoine
Published: February 2021

The fundamental physics underlying non-thermal plasmas produced by pulsed discharges at atmospheric pressure is of great interest, especially considering the technological and environmental applications of these plasmas. Discharge dynamics is highly dependent on experimental conditions, such as the propagation medium and the voltage polarity. Herein, we investigate pulsed nanosecond discharges produced by a negatively polarized voltage in a medium of air in-contact with water. Electrical and optical characterization of the discharges is achieved using the appropriate probes and ultrafast imaging, respectively. The time-integrated images are acquired under varying conditions of applied voltage, and the discharge emission is shown to be a homogenous disk at voltages between −4 and −15 kV. When the voltage is increased (absolute value) beyond −15 kV, the homogeneous emission is superimposed with filaments. The temporal evolution of the discharge emission (1 ns integration time) shows that it remains homogeneous and has a ring-like ionization front. At higher voltages and during the falling period, the discharge reignites as filaments that significantly elongate and decrease in intensity until extinguishment. A comparison of discharge emissions obtained at positive and negative polarities indicates that the features of both may be controlled by manipulating the space charge formation dynamics.
Quadratic transportation inequalities for SDEs with measurable drift
Authors: Bahlali Khaled , Mouchtabih Soufiane , Tangpi Ludovic
Published: February 2021

Let

X
X

be the solution of a stochastic differential equation in Euclidean space driven by standard Brownian motion, with measurable drift and Sobolev diffusion coefficient. In our main result we show that when the drift is measurable and the diffusion coefficient belongs to an appropriate Sobolev space, the law of

X
X

satisfies Talagrand’s inequality with respect to the uniform distance.
On fine Selmer groups and the greatest common divisor of signed and chromatic 𝑝-adic 𝐿-functions
Authors: Lei Antonio , Sujatha R.
Published: February 2021

Let

E

/

Q

E/\mathbb {Q}

be an elliptic curve and

p
p

an odd prime where

E
E

has good supersingular reduction. Let

F
1

F_1

denote the characteristic power series of the Pontryagin dual of the fine Selmer group of

E
E

over the cyclotomic

Z

p

\mathbb {Z}_p

-extension of

Q

\mathbb {Q}

and let

F
2

F_2

denote the greatest common divisor of Pollack’s plus and minus

p
p

-adic

L
L

-functions or Sprung’s sharp and flat

p
p

-adic

L
L

-functions attached to

E
E

, depending on whether

a
p

(
E
)
=
0

a_p(E)=0

or

a
p

(
E
)
≠
0

a_p(E)\ne 0

. We study a link between the divisors of

F
1

F_1

and

F
2

F_2

in the Iwasawa algebra. This gives new insights into problems posed by Greenberg and Pollack–Kurihara on these elements.
Pullbacks of 𝜅 classes on \overline{ℳ}_{0,𝓃}
Authors: Ramadas Rohini
Published: February 2021

The moduli space

M

¯

0
,
n

\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{0,n}

carries a codimension-

d
d

Chow class

κ

d

\kappa _{d}

. We consider the subspace

K

n

d

\mathcal {K}^{d}_{n}

of

A
d

(

M

¯

0
,
n

,

Q

)

A^d(\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{0,n},\mathbb {Q})

spanned by pullbacks of

κ
d

\kappa _d

via forgetful maps. We find a permutation basis for

K

n

d

\mathcal {K}^{d}_{n}

, and describe its annihilator under the intersection pairing in terms of

d
d

-dimensional boundary strata. As an application, we give a new permutation basis of the divisor class group of

M

¯

0
,
n

\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{0,n}

.
WEDGE: imputation of gene expression values from single-cell RNA-seq datasets using biased matrix decomposition
Authors: Hu Yinlei , Li Bin , Zhang Wen , Liu Nianping , Cai Pengfei , Chen Falai , Qu Kun
Published: February 2021

The low capture rate of expressed RNAs from single-cell sequencing technology is one of the major obstacles to downstream functional genomics analyses. Recently, a number of imputation methods have emerged for single-cell transcriptome data, however, recovering missing values in very sparse expression matrices remains a substantial challenge. Here, we propose a new algorithm, WEDGE (WEighted Decomposition of Gene Expression), to impute gene expression matrices by using a biased low-rank matrix decomposition method. WEDGE successfully recovered expression matrices, reproduced the cell-wise and gene-wise correlations and improved the clustering of cells, performing impressively for applications with sparse datasets. Overall, this study shows a potent approach for imputing sparse expression matrix data, and our WEDGE algorithm should help many researchers to more profitably explore the biological meanings embedded in their single-cell RNA sequencing datasets. The source code of WEDGE has been released at https://github.com/QuKunLab/WEDGE.
ASAS-NANP SYMPOSIUM: Review of systems thinking concepts and their potential value in animal science research
Authors: Stephens Emma C
Published: February 2021

Worldwide, our collective research and policy institutions, including the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS), are calling for more systems-based research and analysis of society’s most pressing and complex problems. However, the use of systems analysis within animal science remains limited and researchers may not have the tools to answer this call. This review thus introduces important concepts in systems thinking methodology, such as policy resistance, feedback processes, and dynamic complexity. An overall rationale for systems thinking and analysis is presented, along with examples of the application of these concepts in current animal science research. In order to contrast systems approaches to more frequently employed event-oriented research frameworks, both frameworks are then applied to the ASAS’ identified “Grand Challenge” problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in order to compare these two kinds of analyses. Systems thinking stresses the importance of underlying system structures that lead to persistent problem behaviors vs a focus on unidirectional cause-and-effect relationships. A potential systems framework for animal production decisions to use antimicrobials is shown that more explicitly accounts for AMR in a way that can lead to different animal production decisions than the event-oriented framework. Acknowledging and accounting for fundamental system structures that can explain persistent AMR will lead to different potential solutions to this problem than would be suggested from more linear approaches. The challenges and benefits of incorporating systems methods into animal science research are then discussed.
The Blonde d’Aquitaine T3811>G3811 mutation in the myostatin gene: association with growth, carcass, and muscle phenotypes in veal calves
Authors: Vinet Aurélie , Bouyer Claire , Forestier Lionel , Oulmouden Ahmad , Blanquet Véronique , Picard Brigitte , Cassar-Malek Isabelle , Bonnet Muriel , Rocha Dominique , Renand Gilles
Published: February 2021

The mutation T3811 → G3811 (TG3811) discovered in the myostatin gene of the Blonde d’Aquitaine breed is suspected of contributing to the outstanding muscularity of this breed. An experiment was designed to estimate the effect of this mutation in an F2 and back-cross Blonde d’Aquitaine × Holstein population. By genotyping all known mutations in the myostatin gene, it was ensured that the TG3811 mutation was indeed the only known mutation segregating in this population. Fifty-six calves (43 F2, 13 back-cross) were intensively fattened and slaughtered at 24.0 ± 1.4 wk of age. The effects of the mutation were estimated by comparing the calves with the [T/T] (n = 18), [T/G] (n = 30), and [G/G] (n = 8) genotypes. Highly significant substitution effects (P < 0.001), above + 1.2 phenotypic SD, were shown on carcass yield and muscularity scores. Birth weight (P < 0.001) was positively affected by the mutation (+0.8 SD) but not growth rate (P = 0.97), while carcass length (P = 0.03), and fatness (P ≤ 0.03) were negatively affected (–0.5 to –0.7 SD). The characteristics of the Triceps brachii muscle were affected by the mutation (P < 0.001), with lower ICDH activity (oxidative) and a higher proportion of myosin type 2X muscle fibers (fast twitch). The effects of the TG3811 mutation were similar to those of other known myostatin mutations, although the Blonde d’Aquitaine animals, which are predominantly [G/G] homozygous, do not exhibit extreme double muscling.
Female Marking via Rubidium-Labeled Ejaculates in the West Indian Sweetpotato Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Kumano Norikuni , Tsurui-Sato Kaori , Teruya Kiyohito , Toyosato Tetsuya
Published: February 2021

The West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire), is one of the pests of the sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas, in tropical and subtropical countries. Although an eradication program using the sterile insect technique (SIT) for this weevil is now underway in Japan, the lack of potent attractants such as sex pheromones for this weevil species prevents effective monitoring and hampers pest control operations. New methods to monitor the performance of sterile males using trapped wild females are needed. In this study, we tested whether the ejaculate of the labeled males that were fed an artificial diet labeled with the trace element, rubidium (Rb), is detectable in the fertilized females. We fed an artificial diet treated with Rb (1.00, 0.50, 0.25, and 0.00%) to adult male weevils for 14 d after emerging and quantified the rubidium content in inseminated females. We also examined the side effects of the artificial diet on mating performance and longevity. The advantages of monitoring the spatial level of sterility using data from females labeled with ejaculate of Rb-fed males in an SIT eradication program are discussed.