bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Privileging and credentialing for interventional cardiology procedures
Authors: Blankenship James C. , Rosenfield Kenneth , Jennings Henry S.
Published: December 2014

Local institutional‐specific credentialing and privileging for procedures is an important process for ensuring the quality of care provided by interventional cardiologists. Recently revised standards for coronary intervention and the blossoming of structural heart disease programs have generated controversy over these processes. How standards are set for credentialing and privileging is poorly understood by most interventional cardiologists, including those responsible for credentialing and privileging. Requirements from The Joint Commission dictate how credentialing and privileging is performed at hospitals they accredit. Physicians must be recredentialed every 2 years at each hospital, with privileges renewed at that time. Hospitals must review quality of physicians even more frequently using Ongoing Professional Practice Evaluations. Hospitals must also evaluate the performance of physicians when they join a hospital staff or when they begin performing new procedures using Focused Professional Practice Evaluations. Cardiology department directors and catheterization laboratory directors are responsible for recredentialing and reprivileging members of their departments. Individual physicians are responsible for cooperating with these processes, and for periodic recertification with specialty boards and governmental agencies. We provide specific guidance to help physicians navigate these processes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gradient‐Direction‐Pattern Transform for Automated Measurement of Oil Drops in Images of Multiphase Dispersions
Authors: Rojas‐Domínguez Alfonso , Holguín‐Salas Alehlí , Galindo Enrique , Corkidi Gabriel
Published: December 2014

The automated detection and measurement of oil drops in multiphase fermentation systems are important for mass transfer analysis. A novel computer technique for automated detection of oil drops in images is presented in the context of a stirred tank containing a three‐phase water‐oil‐air dispersion. The technique is an original feature extraction transform designed for the detection of objects with a characteristic appearance. The proposed transform, denominated gradient‐direction‐pattern (GDP) transform, utilizes naturally occurring patterns in the orientation of the local gradient appearing in test images. The GDP transform was used to demonstrate the feasibility of automatically estimating oil drop‐size unbiased distributions which is an important task in the chemical and other related industries.
Enantioselective Michael Addition of Water
Authors: Chen Bi‐Shuang , Resch Verena , Otten Linda G. , Hanefeld Ulf
Published: December 2014

The enantioselective Michael addition using water as both nucleophile and solvent has to date proved beyond the ability of synthetic chemists. Herein, the direct, enantioselective Michael addition of water in water to prepare important β‐hydroxy carbonyl compounds using whole cells of Rhodococcus strains is described. Good yields and excellent enantioselectivities were achieved with this method. Deuterium labeling studies demonstrate that a Michael hydratase catalyzes the water addition exclusively with anti‐stereochemistry.
Conformational Dependence of Through‐Space Tellurium–Tellurium Spin–Spin Coupling in Peri‐Substituted Bis(Tellurides)
Authors: Knight Fergus R. , Diamond Louise M. , Arachchige Kasun S. Athukorala , Sanz Camacho Paula , Randall Rebecca A. M. , Ashbrook Sharon E. , Bühl Michael , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Woollins J. Derek
Published: December 2014

Three related series of peri‐substituted bis(tellurides) bearing naphthalene, acenaphthene and acenaphthylene backbones (Nap/Acenap/Aceyl(TeY)2 (Nap=naphthalene‐1,8‐diyl N; Acenap=acenaphthene‐5,6‐diyl A; Aceyl=acenaphthylene‐5,6‐diyl Ay; Y=Ph 1; Fp 2; Tol 3; An‐p­ 4; An‐o­ 5; Tp 6; Mes 7; Tip 8) have been synthesised and their solid‐state structures determined by X‐ray crystallography. Molecular conformations were classified as a function of the two C9‐C‐Te‐C(Y) dihedral angles (θ); in the solid all members adopt AB or CCt configurations, with larger Te(aryl) moieties exclusively imposing the CCt variant. Exceptionally large J(125Te,125Te) spin–spin coupling constants between 3289–3848 Hz were obtained for compounds substituted by bulky Te(aryl) groups, implying these species are locked in a CCt‐type conformation. In contrast, compounds incorporating smaller Te(aryl) moieties are predicted to be rather dynamic in solution and afford much smaller J values (2050–2676 Hz), characteristic of greater populations of AB conformers with lower couplings. This conformational dependence of through‐space coupling is supported by DFT calculations.
Practical Route to the Left Wing of CTX1B and Total Syntheses of CTX1B and 54‐deoxyCTX1B
Authors: Yamashita Shuji , Takeuchi Katsutoshi , Koyama Takuya , Inoue Masayuki , Hayashi Yujiro , Hirama Masahiro
Published: December 2014

Ciguatoxins, the principal causative agents of ciguatera seafood poisoning, are extremely large polycyclic ethers. We report herein a reliable route for constructing the left wing of CTX1B, which possesses the acid/base/oxidant‐sensitive bisallylic ether moiety, by a 6‐exo radical cyclization/ring‐closing metathesis strategy. This new route enabled us to achieve the second‐generation total synthesis of CTX1B and the first synthesis of 54‐deoxyCTX1B.
Celebratory Chemistry!
Authors: Compton Neville
Published: December 2014

Time to celebrate: This issue marks the start of the 20th anniversary of Chemistry–A European Journal. The journal has played a major role in changing the face of chemistry. Its history has featured top papers from top authors, among which 13 Nobel Laureates have published over 100 research articles in the journal.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermoelectric Properties of p‐Type Semiconducting NaB5C with Hexaboride‐Type Structure, Compared to Layered MB2C2 (M: La, Ce).
Authors: Guersoy Murat , Hempel Sabine , Reitz Andreas , Hofmann Kathrin , Albert Barbara
Published: December 2014

NaB5C is prepared by solid state reaction of the elements in the molar ratio of Na:B:C = 6:5:1 (sealed boronated Ta tubes in evacuated quartz ampoule, 1000 °C, 6‐8 h) and densified by high‐pressure spark plasma sintering (923 K, 100 MPa, 90 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrimagnetism in the High Pressure 6H‐Perovskite BaCrO3.
Authors: Arevalo‐Lopez Angel M. , Reeves Simon J. , Attfield J. Paul
Published: December 2014

The 6‐layered hexagonal polymorph of 6H‐BaCrO3 is prepared by hot isostatic pressing of Ba3Cr2O8 (from BaCO3 and Cr2O3, 1000 °C, 12 h) and Cr2O3 in the molar ratio of 2:1 (multianvil press, 900 °C, 9 GPa, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Charge‐Order Melting in Charge‐Disproportionated Perovskite CeCu3Fe4O12.
Authors: Yamada Ikuya , et al. et al.
Published: December 2014

The title compound is prepared by high temperature/high pressure reaction of a precursor of nominal composition CeCu3Fe4O11 and KClO4 in a molar ratio of 2:1 (Pt capsule, 15 GPa, 1473 K, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrapalladium‐Containing Polyoxotungstate [PdII4 (α‐P2W15O56)2] 16—: A Comparative Study.
Authors: Izarova Natalya V. , Maksimovskaya Raisa I. , Willbold Sabine , Koegerler Paul
Published: December 2014

Na16 [Pd4 (α‐P2W15O56)2] ·71H2O is synthesized from a mixture of Na12[α‐P2W15O56] dissolved in 0.5 M AcONa buffer (pH 4.2) and solid Pd(NO3)2 (25 °C, 1 h, 55% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: RE6Pd13Zn4 (RE: La—Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb) — New Palladium‐Rich Phases with Pd@RE6 Octahedra in bcc Packing.
Authors: Gerke Birgit , Janka Oliver , Poettgen Rainer
Published: December 2014

Ln6Pd13Zn4 (Ln: La—Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb) intermetallics are prepared from the elements in the ratio Ln:Pd:Zn = 1:2:1 (sealed Nb ampoules, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Aryl Substituted, Five‐ and Six‐Membered Azacycles Using Aluminum‐Amide Complexes.
Authors: Korbad Balaji L. , Lee Sang‐Hyeup
Published: December 2014

Treatment of cyclic ethers such as (I), (IV), (VI), and (VIII) with dimethylaluminum‐amide reagents, derived from aryl amines (II) and trimethylaluminum, affords the corresponding azacycles (III), (V), (VII), and (IX), resp., in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: InCl3‐Mediated Eco‐Friendly Three‐Component Domino Reaction for Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Triazolylspiroxindolinopyrans and Triazolylpyrans under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Kamalraja Jayabal , Murugasan Potharaj , Perumal Paramasivan Thirumalai
Published: December 2014

The title compounds are designed by combining three biologically important core moieties in a single molecule.
ChemInform Abstract: Soft Propargylic Deprotonation: Designed Ligand Enables Au‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Alkynes to 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Wang Zhixun , Wang Yanzhao , Zhang Liming
Published: December 2014

Although the isomerizations of the terminal alkynes (XIV) and (XVI) proceed very efficiently, no diene product is observed upon reaction of the terminal alkyne analogue of (VIII) without the phenyl group.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Recyclable Catalyst for Dehydrogenation of Hydrazo Compounds.
Authors: Bai Li‐Sha , Gao Xiao‐Min , Zhang Xuan , Sun Fei‐Fei , Ma Ning
Published: December 2014

Reduced graphene oxide efficiently catalyzes the aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation of aromatic hydrazo compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Sonogashira Couplings Catalyzed by Collaborative (N‐Heterocyclic Carbene)‐Copper and ‐Palladium Complexes.
Authors: Gallop Christopher W. D. , Chen Ming‐Tsz , Navarro Oscar
Published: December 2014

This user‐friendly protocol for the Sonogashira coupling needs only very low loadings of the corresponding catalysts, and does not require the use of an anhydrous solvent or an inert atmosphere.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction Providing a New Access to Fully Substituted Thiophene Derivatives.
Authors: Jiang Bo , Tu Xing‐Jun , Wang Xue , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Li Guigen
Published: December 2014

Condensation of α‐thiocyanate ketones with indole‐2,3‐diones gives aroylethanethiolates (IV), which readily undergo a Cu(I)‐catalyzed three‐component reaction with terminal alkynes and tosylazides to form highly functionalized thiophene derivatives through [3 + 2] cycloaddition of in situ generated azaheterocumulenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Activation/Cyclization of Indoles and Pyrroles: Divergent Synthesis of Heterocycles.
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zheng Jing , Cui Sunliang
Published: December 2014

A new strategy is developed which allows the reaction of the title compounds with alkynes, alkenes, and diazo compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Facile Synthesis of Benzimidazo[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles via Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Addition/Double Cyclization
Authors: Yuan Guodong , Liu Haiquan , Gao Jilong , Xu Hongjuan , Jiang Liu , Wang Xiaoxia , Lv Xin
Published: December 2014

of bis(o‐haloaryl)carbodiimides with primary amines
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized N‐Triazolyl Maleimides.
Authors: Stefani Helio A. , Ferreira Fernando P. , Ali Bakhat , Pimenta Daniel C.
Published: December 2014

N‐Triazolyl maleimides (III) are prepared by copper catalyzed 1,3‐cycloaddition of enantiopure N‐propargylpyrrole (I) with various azides.
ChemInform Abstract: Cholinium Ionic Liquids as Cheap and Reusable Catalysts for the Synthesis of Coumarins via Pechmann Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Zhang Yuehua , Zhu Anlian , Li Qianqian , Li Lingjun , Zhao Yang , Wang Jianji
Published: December 2014

A cheap and reusable cholinium ionic liquid efficiently catalyzes the Pechmann condensation reaction of phenol derivatives with β‐keto esters to form coumarin derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Step Synthesis of Multi‐Substituted Amines by Using an N‐Methoxy Group as a Reactivity Control Element.
Authors: Yoritate Makoto , Meguro Tatsuhiko , Matsuo Naoya , Shirokane Kenji , Sato Takaaki , Chida Noritaka
Published: December 2014

The development of a two‐step synthesis of multi‐substituted N‐methoxyamines from N‐methoxyamides is reported in which the N‐methoxy group ensures the success in this two‐step procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Catalyzed Benzylic C—H Bond Functionalization of Azaarenes: Nucleophilic Addition to Nitroso Compounds.
Authors: Gao Xu , Zhang Feng , Deng Guojun , Yang Luo
Published: December 2014

An efficient reaction of benzylic C‐H bonds on azaarenes is developed using the nucleophilic addition of nitrosoarenes to afford azaarene‐2‐aldimines in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Pyrimidinone and Pyrimidine Containing Bisheteroarenes and Analogues
Authors: Maurya Hardesh K. , Gupta Atul
Published: December 2014

[via reaction of active methylene compounds or acrylates with N‐containing precursors, viz.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Isoindoloquinazolinones via Dicarbonylation of 1,2‐Dibromoarenes.
Authors: Chen Jianbin , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: December 2014

The first examples of a carbonylative synthesis of isoindoloquinazolinones are given (10 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Pyridyl‐Substituted 1,3,5‐Triazines from 4H‐Pyrido[1,3]oxazin‐4‐ones via a Cyclocondensation Process.
Authors: Le Falher Laetitia , Ben Ayad Omar , Ziyaret Ozge , Mamontov Alexander , Botuha Candice , Thorimbert Serge , Slowinski Franck
Published: December 2014

A broad spectrum of the desired triazine derivatives is available from 4H‐pyrido[1,3]oxazin‐4‐one substrates and amidines (used either as free base or salt) and microwave irradiation is found to be optimal for the procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Triterpene Saponin from the Tubers of Stachys sieboldii
Authors: Cho Hyeon Kyung , Kim Chung Sub , Woo Kyeong Wan , Lee Kang Ro
Published: December 2014

isolation and structure elucidation of a new triterpene saponin, Sieboldii saponin A (I), along with five known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: A New Noreudesmane‐Type Sesquiterpenoid from Alpinia oxyphylla
Authors: Park Dong Hyun , Lee Jin Woo , Jin Qinghao , Jeon Won Kyung , Lee Mi Kyeong , Hwang Bang Yeon
Published: December 2014

isolation, structure determination, and inhibitory effects of the new noreudesmane‐type sesquiterpenoid 4‐methoxy‐oxyphyllenone A (I) and fifteen known compounds on NO production in LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 cells
ChemInform Abstract: Toward the Stereoselective Synthesis of C1—C23 Fragment of Spirastrellolide B.
Authors: Rajesh Akkapalli , Sharma Gangavaram V. M. , Damera Krishna
Published: December 2014

The key steps of the synthesis of the title fragment (I) are cross metathesis and Bu4NF promoted oxa‐Michael reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Four Diastereomers and Structural Revision of Tetradenolide.
Authors: Tokuda Maki , Kurogome Yuji , Katoh Rieko , Nohara Yukie , Hattori Yasunao , Makabe Hidefumi
Published: December 2014

Four diastereomers (I), (II) of tetradenolide are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Tribological Properties of Two‐Dimensional Ti3C2.
Authors: Yang Jin , Chen Beibei , Song Haojie , Tang Hua , Li Changsheng
Published: December 2014

Two‐dimensional Ti3C2 is prepared by exfoliation of Ti3AlC2 powders (obtained by sintering of Ti, Al, and graphite at 1350 °C for 2 h under flowing Ar) with HF solution at room temperature for 20 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Thermoelectric Materials and Solar Thermoelectric Generators — A Critical Review
Authors: Sundarraj Pradeepkumar , Maity Dipak , Roy Susanta Sinha , Taylor Robert A.
Published: December 2014

Review: 155 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Defect Chemistry of Photocatalysts
Authors: Schoonman Joop , Perniu Dana
Published: December 2014

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycles from α‐Aminonitriles
Authors: Otto Nicola , Opatz Till
Published: December 2014

Review: [91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Ligand Bifunctional Reactivity and Catalysis of Protic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and Pyrazole Complexes Featuring β‐NH Units
Authors: Kuwata Shigeki , Ikariya Takao
Published: December 2014

Review: [77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Steroidal Hormones with an Emphasis on Transformations of Phytosterols and Cholesterol
Authors: Al Jasem Yosef , Khan Mubashar , Taha Ahmed , Thiemann Thies
Published: December 2014

Review: 186 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of 4‐Hydroxyproline Derivatives via Intramolecular Cyclization of Amino Acids with Side Chain Epoxides
Authors: Krishnamurthy Suvratha , Arai Toru , Nishino Norikazu , Nakanishi Kanae , Kato Tamaki
Published: December 2014

Review: 2 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 1,2‐Cyclopropyl Carbohydrates
Authors: Harvey Joanne E. , Hewitt Russell J. , Moore Peter W. , Somarathne Kalpani K.
Published: December 2014

Review: progress in the synthesis and reactions of 1,2‐cyclopropyl carbohydrates since 2000
ChemInform Abstract: Making C‐C Bonds from Carbon Dioxide via Transition‐Metal Catalysis
Authors: Yeung Charles S. , Dong Vy M.
Published: December 2014

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tribromoisocyanuric Acid: A Green and Versatile Reagent
Authors: de Almeida Leonardo S. , Esteves Pierre M. , de Mattos Marcio C. S.
Published: December 2014

Review: 137 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of N‐Substituted (S)‐1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carboxamides and Thioamides as Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Drabina Pavel , Androvic Ladislav , Panov Illia , Harmand Lydie , Padelkova Zdenka , Sedlak Milos
Published: December 2014

Title compounds (I) are synthesized and tested as catalysts for aldol reaction of nitrobenzaldehyde (II) with acetone.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(dba)2 vs Pd2(dba)3: An in‐Depth Comparison of Catalytic Reactivity and Mechanism via Mixed‐Ligand Promoted C—N and C—S Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Cong Mei , Fan Yuting , Raimundo Jean‐Manuel , Tang Jingjie , Peng Ling
Published: December 2014

The analogous mechanisms leading to the related performance of Pd(dba)2 and Pd2(dba)3, respectively, in catalyzing C—N and C—S coupling reactions are demonstrated with the aid of mixed ligand catalytic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Transformations of α‐Trifluoromethylated Ketoximes to Optically Active Amines by Enzyme—Nanometal Cocatalysis: Synthesis of (S)‐Inhibitor of Phenylethanolamine N‐Methyltransferase.
Authors: Cheng Guilin , Wu Qi , Shang Zeyu , Liang Xinhua , Lin Xianfu
Published: December 2014

The asymmetric synthesis of α‐trifluoromethyl amides is accomplished with an enzyme‐nanometal cocatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(II)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Boron Conjugate Addition to α,β‐Unsaturated Imines in Water.
Authors: Kitanosono Taku , Xu Pengyu , Isshiki Satoshi , Zhu Lei , Kobayashi Shu
Published: December 2014

The copper‐catalyzed enantioselective β‐borylation of α,β‐unsaturated imines (I) with bis(pinacolato)diboron followed by oxidation of intermediate boryl imines leads to β‐hydroxy imines (II) in high yields and excellent e.e.‐values (<99% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Intermolecular Alkene Oxyamination with Nitrenes.
Authors: Dequirez Geoffroy , Ciesielski Jennifer , Retailleau Pascal , Dauban Philippe
Published: December 2014

The addition reaction of the nitrene, generated from the sulfonamide (II), to a variety of olefins in the presence of acetic acid is studied to provide an efficient oxyamination process with complete regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: CH2Cl2 as Reagent in the Synthesis of Methylene‐Bridged 3,3′‐bis(oxazolidin‐2‐one) Derivatives under Ambient Conditions.
Authors: Liu Qingfeng , Zhang Yansen , Zhang Zhiguo , Liu Tongxin , Shi Lei , Zhang Guisheng
Published: December 2014

Highly efficient and facile NaH‐catalyzed condensation of CH2Cl2 with cyclic carbamates to form corresponding aminal derivatives in a solvent mixture of CH2Cl2 and DMF under ambient temperature is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Homocoupling of Aryl Halides Promoted by an NiCl2/bpy/Mg System in DMF.
Authors: Yamamoto Takakazu
Published: December 2014

It is possible to apply the presented approach (NiCl2‐bipy‐Mg mixture in DMF) to prepare π‐conjugated polymers by starting from bisbromoarenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Taming Living Carbocations in Catalytic Direct Conjugate Addition of Simple Alkenes to α,β‐Enones.
Authors: Lv Jian , Zhong Xingren , Luo Sanzhong
Published: December 2014

The use of a BINOL derived phosphonic acid ester salt as the catalyst facilitates the selective β‐proton elimination by suppressing cationic olefin polymerization in direct alkene addition to enones to afford vinyl‐type adducts in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic CuFe2O4 Nanoparticles: A Retrievable Catalyst for Oxidative Amidation of Aldehydes with Amine Hydrochloride Salts.
Authors: Suresh Kumar A. , Thulasiram B. , Bala Laxmi S. , Rawat Vikas S. , Sreedhar B.
Published: December 2014

The use of amines as their salts is crucial.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Metal Free Approach to α‐Ketoamides via Oxidative Amidation—Diketonization of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Deshidi Ramesh , Kumar Manjeet , Devari Shekaraiah , Shah Bhahwal Ali
Published: December 2014

In the presence of trimethylsilyl triflate and catalytic amounts of iodine, the first metal free oxidative amidation—diketonization of terminal alkynes leads to a wide variety of α‐ketoamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Ketoamides from Aryl Methyl Ketones and N,N‐Dimethylformamide via Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling.
Authors: Zhou Mingxin , Song Qiuling
Published: December 2014

Other amides such as N,N‐diethylformamide, N‐formylmorpholine and N‐formylpiperidine provide the corresponding products in low yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Access to Cycloalk‐2‐enone‐Derived N‐Sulfonyl Imines.
Authors: Hirner Sebastian , Westmeier Johannes , Gebhardt Sandra , Mueller Christian H. , von Zezschwitz Paultheo
Published: December 2014

Tosylation of cyclohept‐2‐enone occurs with complete conversion, but yields an inseparable mixture of the desired imine and its tautomer cyclohept‐1,3‐dienyltosyl amide.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(OAc)2 Promoted Chan—Evans—Lam C—N Cross Coupling Reactions on the N‐ and N′‐Nitrogen Atoms of Sulfonimidamides with Aryl Boronic Acids.
Authors: Nandi Ganesh C. , Kota Sudhakar R. , Govender Thavendran , Kruger Hendrik G. , Arvidsson Per I.
Published: December 2014

A convenient and mild procedure for the N‐arylation of sulfonimidamides with various boronic acids is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Thiol and Selenol Esters by Oxidative Coupling Reaction of Aldehydes with RYYR (Y: S, Se) under Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: He Chunhuan , Qian Xuewei , Sun Peipei
Published: December 2014

Simple, atom‐economical and environmentally friendly route for the formation of C‐S and C‐Se bond based on the direct oxidative cross‐couplings of aldehydes with disulfides or diselenides under metal‐free conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Organophotoredox Catalysis: A General Approach to β‐Keto Sulfoxidation of Alkenes.
Authors: Keshari Twinkle , Yadav Vinod K. , Srivastava Vishnu P. , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: December 2014

A mild, simple, metal‐free, direct, and rapid protocol for difunctionalization of alkenes using thiophenols and atmospheric oxygen is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: “Amano” Lipase DF‐Catalyzed Efficient Synthesis of 2,2′‐Arylmethylene Dicyclohexane‐1,3‐dione Derivatives in Anhydrous Media.
Authors: Jiang Ling , Wang Bo , Li Rong‐Rong , Shen Sa , Yu Hong‐Wei , Ye Li‐Dan
Published: December 2014

High yields, mild reaction conditions, simple work‐up procedure and eco‐friendliness are the key features of the new protocol.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Halogenation of Diaryl Oxime Ethers.
Authors: Bhattarai Bijay T. , Adhikari Sarju , Kimball Elizabeth A. , Moore Jane N. , Shaughnessy Kevin H. , Snowden Timothy S. , Fronczek Frank R. , Dolliver Debra D.
Published: December 2014

The Pd‐catalyzed halogenation of diaryl ketoxime ethers provides predominantly the corresponding ortho monohalogenated products (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Aerobic Photo‐Oxidation of 9H‐Fluorenes for the Synthesis of 9‐Fluorenones.
Authors: Kojima Masahiro , Oisaki Kounosuke , Kanai Motomu
Published: December 2014

The novel protocol allows the aerobic photo‐oxidation of various substituted fluorenes under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed C(sp3)—H/C(sp)—H Coupling/Cyclization/Oxidative Alkynylation Sequence: A Powerful Strategy for the Synthesis of 3‐Alkynyl Polysubstituted Furans.
Authors: Ma Yuanhong , Zhang Shuai , Yang Shiping , Song Feijie , You Jingsong
Published: December 2014

A series of 1,3‐dicarbonyl substrates is treated with various terminal alkynes under optimized conditions A) to produce the title compounds in a completely regioselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Chemo‐, Enantio‐, and Regioselective Synthesis of α,α‐Disubstituted Furanones by Cu‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition.
Authors: Endo Kohei , Yakeishi Sayuri , Takayama Ryotaro , Shibata Takanori
Published: December 2014

Asymmetric Cu‐catalyzed conjugate addition of organoaluminum reagents to unsaturated ketoesters results in fast chemo‐, regio‐, and enantioselective synthesis of furanones bearing an α‐chiral quaternary stereocenter.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition Catalyzed by Impregnated Bimetallic Nickel and Copper on Magnetite.
Authors: Perez Juana M. , Cano Rafael , Ramon Diego J.
Published: December 2014

The new catalyst is prepared in one step from CuCl2, NiCl2·H2O as well as Fe3O4.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorinated Heteroaromatics Through Formal Substitution of a Nitro Group by Fluorine under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Guo Ran‐Ning , Cai Xian‐Feng , Shi Lei , Chen Zhang‐Pei , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: December 2014

The novel one‐pot method allows the conversion of 3‐nitroquinolines into the corresponding 3‐fluoro derivatives via a dearomatization/fluorination/rearomatization sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclisation of Benzo[b]thiophen‐3(2H)‐one 1,1‐Dioxide and 1,3‐Indanedione into Novel Methylene Bridged Polycyclic Diazocines and Their Rearrangement into Spirocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Cekavicus Brigita , Vigante Brigita , Rucins Martins , Plotniece Aiva , Pajuste Karlis , Petrova Marina , Belyakov Sergey , Duburs Gunars , Sobolev Arkadij
Published: December 2014

Substrates (I) react with hexamethylenetetramine in acidic reaction medium to form methylene bridged polycyclic diazocines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Three Component Synthesis of Novel 5H‐[1,3,4]Thiadiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylate Derivatives by Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Zhao Bing , Xu Yu , Deng Qi‐Gang , Liu Zhuo , Wang Li‐Yan , Gao Yan
Published: December 2014

A facile catalyst‐free procedure for the reaction of thiadiazole (I) with aldehydes and β‐ketoesters to form the title species in good yields is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Benzyloxypyrazin‐2(1H)‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Mai Anh Hung , Pawar Sonalika , De Borggraeve Wim M.
Published: December 2014

Different approaches are utilized for the synthesis of a large range of 1‐benzoyloxypyrazinone derivatives (33 examples) starting from amino acids (I) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Carboboration of Alkenes under Copper Catalysis.
Authors: Kageyuki Ikuo , Yoshida Hiroto , Takaki Ken
Published: December 2014

Product (XXIIe) is an intermediate in the synthesis of equol, a compound with estrogen‐like effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica‐Supported Tripod Triarylphosphines: Application to Palladium‐Catalyzed Borylation of Chloroarenes.
Authors: Iwai Tomohiro , Harada Tomoya , Tanaka Ryotaro , Sawamura Masaya
Published: December 2014

The presented system is applicable to one‐pot biaryl synthesis of biphenyl derivative (V) via Miyaura borylation—Suzuki coupling sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridoid Glycosides from Lagotis alutacea.
Authors: Yang Li‐Juan , Zhang Na , Liu Na , Yang Xiao‐Dong
Published: December 2014

The new iridoid glycoside, lagotisoside F (I), and three known analogs are isolated and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against HL‐60, MCF‐7, A549, SW480, and SMMC‐7721 cells.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Total Synthesis of Puberulic Acid, a Potent Antimalarial Agent.
Authors: Sennari Goh , Hirose Tomoyasu , Iwatsuki Masato , Omura Satoshi , Sunazuka Toshiaki
Published: December 2014

Puberulic acid (I) is prepared from D‐(+)‐galactose in eight steps and with 54% overall yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Fluoxetine and Duloxetine Through an in situ Imine Formation/Borylation/Transimination and Reduction Approach.
Authors: Calow Adam D. J. , Fernandez Elena , Whiting Andrew
Published: December 2014

An efficient, catalytic, asymmetric route to both (R)‐fluoxetine (II) and (S)‐duloxetine (IV) through the asymmetric copper‐mediated β‐borylation of α,β‐unsaturated imines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Semiconductors for Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Hisatomi Takashi , Kubota Jun , Domen Kazunari
Published: December 2014

Review: tutorial review; 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review: Mixed‐Valent Metallodendrimers: Design and Functions
Authors: Astruc Didier , Rapakousiou Amalia , Wang Yanlan , Djeda Rodrigue , Diallo Abdou , Ruiz Jaime , Ornelas Catia
Published: December 2014

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Imine and Iminium Precursors as Versatile Intermediates in Enantioselective Organocatalysis
Authors: Kataja Antti O. , Masson Geraldine
Published: December 2014

Review: [127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pfitzinger Reaction in the Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds ‐ A Review
Authors: Sangshetti Jaiprakash N. , Zambare Abhay S. , Gonjari Indrajeet , Shinde Devanand B.
Published: December 2014

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photochromism of Aryl(Heteroaryl)‐ and Diheteroarylethenes‐Coumarin Derivatives
Authors: Traven Valerii F. , Bochkov Andrei Y.
Published: December 2014

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: In Vitro Propagation of Genus Ceropegia and Retrosynthesis of Cerpegin ‐ a Review
Authors: Muthukrishnan S. , Franklin Benjamin J. H. , Sathishkannan G. , Senthil Kumar T. , Rao M. V.
Published: December 2014

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Mediated Synthesis of Oxazoles
Authors: Tomkinson Nicholas C. O. , Bresciani Stefano
Published: December 2014

Review: [123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Application of Enamine Intermediate and Hydrogen Bonding Interaction to Dissymmetric Transformation
Authors: Yao Yuanyong , Chen Meihang , Zhang Xian , Xue Wei , Bhadury Pinaki S.
Published: December 2014

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review on Synthesis and Biological Activity of Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine
Authors: Hasan Mohsin , Yadav Vivek , Kumar Babita , Ahmed Bahar
Published: December 2014

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Medicinally Important 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acid (Tic) Derivatives and Higher Analogues
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Deodhar Deepak , Khedkar Priti
Published: December 2014

Review: [103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Zeolites as Catalysts in Oil Refining
Authors: Primo Ana , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: December 2014

Review: 50 refs.
Protective effect of bisphosphonates on endometrial cancer incidence in data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial
Authors: Alford Sharon Hensley , Rattan Ramandeep , Buekers Thomas E. , Munkarah Adnan R.
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUND

Preclinical studies have demonstrated antitumor effects of bisphosphonates. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of exposure to bisphosphonate on the incidence of endometrial cancer.

METHODS

The authors used data from the National Cancer Institute's Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, which collected data on all cancers. In year 5, all participants were asked to complete a self‐administered supplemental questionnaire (SQX) that included questions regarding bone medication use. For women without a cancer diagnosis at the time of the SQX, the authors identified whether a woman reported current or former use of a nitrogenous bisphosphonate (NBP), defined as ever‐use, and compared them with women never exposed to an NBP. Women with missing information were excluded as were women who reported undergoing a hysterectomy. Incidence rates and rate ratios were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Cox proportional hazard ratios were also calculated and adjusted for covariates.

RESULTS

A total of 29,254 women were included in the current analysis; an additional 77 cases of endometrial cancer have been diagnosed since the SQX. The incidence rate for endometrial cancer among women exposed to NBPs was 8.7 per 10,000 person‐years versus 17.7 per 10,000 person‐years among never‐exposed women (rate ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.30‐0.80). The effect was similar after adjusting for all the covariates in the Cox proportional hazards analysis, with a hazard ratio of 0.56 (95% CI, 0.34‐0.93).

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the current study suggest that use of NBPs may have a protective effect on the incidence of endometrial cancer. However, additional studies are needed that include other potential confounders and a larger sample. Cancer 2015;121:441–447. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Lanthanide‐Doped Nanocrystals: Strategies for Improving the Efficiency of Upconversion Emission and Their Physical Understanding
Authors: Kar Arik , Kundu Simanta , Patra Amitava
Published: December 2014

The fundamental understanding of lanthanide‐doped upconverted nanocrystals remains a frontier area of research because of potential applications in photonics and biophotonics. Recent studies have revealed that upconversion luminescence dynamics depend on host crystal structure, size of the nanocrystals, dopant concentration, and core–shell structures, which influence site symmetry and the distribution and energy migration of the dopant ions. In this review, we bring to light the influences of doping/co‐doping concentration, crystal phase, crystal size of the host, and core–shell structure on the efficiency of upconversion emission. Furthermore, the lattice strain, due to a change in the crystal phase and by the core–shell structure, strongly influences the upconversion emission intensity. Analysis suggests that the local environment of the ion plays the most significant role in modification of radiative and nonradiative relaxation mechanisms of overall upconversion emission properties. Finally, an outlook on the prospects of this research field is given.
Zero‐forcing and codebook based beamforming scheme for practical usage of multiuser MIMO‐OFDM with uplink channel sounding
Authors: Lee Byung Moo , Kim Youngok
Published: December 2014

Since the concept of the multiuser multiple input multiple output (MU‐MIMO) system has been introduced for enhancement of capacity and flexibility, it has been accepted in various wireless standards. To enjoy the benefits of the MU‐MIMO system, full or partial channel information is necessary at the transmitter, but how to use the full or partial feedback information in the practical system perspective has not been investigated well. In this paper, we analyze the interference of full usage concurrent transmission codebook based on the MU‐MIMO systems and also investigate the usage of channel information for a codebook based scheme and a zero‐forcing beamforming (ZFBF) scheme. Based on the analytic results, we propose two adaptive schemes for the practical usage perspective in MU‐MIMO‐OFDM systems. Firstly, we propose an adjustable uplink channel sounding scheme, which depends on the number of users in a given cell/sector in frequency division duplexing system, with ZFBF MU‐MIMO‐OFDM systems. Secondly, we propose an adaptive switching scheme, which depends on signal‐to‐noise ratio, between the codebook based scheme and the ZFBF scheme. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated with computer simulations, and the simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides the enhanced throughput over entire signal‐to‐noise‐ratio regions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Help students organize electronic information
Authors: Hamblet Elizabeth C.
Published: December 2014

In many ways, technology has made students' lives simpler and easier, but it also creates new challenges, particularly for those with certain kinds of disabilities. Just as students have to organize physical copies of class handouts and papers, they also need to organize electronic information. If organization is a problem for any of the students your unit serves, providing them with effective strategies for organizing electronic information could help them succeed academically.
Dual‐hormone treatment with insulin and glucagon in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Reiband H. K. , Schmidt S. , Ranjan A. , Holst J. J. , Madsbad S. , Nørgaard K.
Published: December 2014

Intensive insulin treatment in type 1 diabetes reduces the incidence and slows the progression of microvascular and macrovascular complications; however, it is associated with an increased risk of hypoglycaemia and weight gain. In this review, we propose dual‐hormone treatment with insulin and glucagon as a method for achieving near normalization of blood glucose levels without increasing hypoglycaemia frequency and weight gain. We briefly summarize glucagon pathophysiology in type 1 diabetes as well as the current applications of glucagon for the treatment of hypoglycaemia. Until now, the use of glucagon has been limited by the need for reconstitution immediately before use, because of instability of the available compounds; however, stabile compounds are soon to be launched and will render long‐term intensive dual‐hormone treatment in type 1 diabetes possible. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TLR9 and STING agonists synergistically induce innate and adaptive type‐II IFN
Authors: Temizoz Burcu , Kuroda Etsushi , Ohata Keiichi , Jounai Nao , Ozasa Koji , Kobiyama Kouji , Aoshi Taiki , Ishii Ken J.
Published: December 2014

Agonists for TLR9 and Stimulator of IFN Gene (STING) act as vaccine adjuvants that induce type‐1 immune responses. However, currently available CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) (K‐type) induces IFNs only weakly and STING ligands rather induce type‐2 immune responses, limiting their potential therapeutic applications. Here, we show a potent synergism between TLR9 and STING agonists. Together, they make an effective type‐1 adjuvant and an anticancer agent. The synergistic effect between CpG ODN (K3) and STING‐ligand cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP), culminating in NK cell IFN‐γ (type‐II IFN) production, is due to the concurrent effects of IL‐12 and type‐I IFNs, which are differentially regulated by IRF3/7, STING, and MyD88. The combination of CpG ODN with cGAMP is a potent type‐1 adjuvant, capable of inducing strong Th1‐type responses, as demonstrated by enhanced antigen‐specific IgG2c and IFN‐γ production, as well as cytotoxic CD8+ T‐cell responses. In our murine tumor models, intratumoral injection of CpG ODN and cGAMP together reduced tumor size significantly compared with the singular treatments, acting as an antigen‐free anticancer agent. Thus, the combination of CpG ODN and a STING ligand may offer therapeutic application as a potent type‐II IFN inducer.
A Click‐Functionalized Single‐Molecule Magnet Based on Cobalt(II) and Its Analogous Manganese(II) and Zinc(II) Compounds
Authors: Plenk Christian , Krause Jasmin , Rentschler Eva
Published: December 2014

A mononuclear CoII single‐molecule magnet suitable for click chemistry was investigated. [M(oda)(aterpy)] complexes (oda2– = oxodiacetate, aterpy = 4′‐azido‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine) with M = MnII, ZnII, and CoII were synthesized as azide‐functionalized building blocks for the copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction. The required structural integrity of the complexes in solution was proven in great detail by using ESI‐MS and NMR spectroscopy. For the six‐coordinate [Co(oda)(aterpy)] complex, single‐molecule magnet behavior was confirmed with an effective energy barrier of 4.2 cm–1.
Biomimetic Hydroxylation Catalysis Through Self‐Assembly of a Bis(pyrazolyl)methane Copper–Peroxo Complex
Authors: Wilfer Claudia , Liebhäuser Patricia , Erdmann Hannes , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja
Published: December 2014

We synthesised and characterised four copper complexes (with copper in the oxidation states I and II) with the bis(pyrazolyl)methane ligands HC(3‐tBuPz)2(Py) and HC(3‐tBuPz)2(Qu). With the quinolinyl ligand (2‐quinolinyl)bis(3‐tert‐butylpyrazolyl)methane [HC(3‐tBuPz)2(Qu)] we obtained the tetrahedral monofacial complex [CuCl{HC(3‐tBuPz)2(Qu)}] (C1) and with the pyridinyl ligand (2‐pyridinyl)bis(3‐tert‐butylpyrazolyl)methane [HC(3‐tBuPz)2(Py)] we obtained the three complexes [CuCl{HC(3‐tBuPz)2(Py)}] (C2), [CuBr2{HC(3‐tBuPz)2(Py)}] (C3) and [CuCl2{HC(3‐tBuPz)2(Py)}] (C4), which are also monofacially coordinated. The molecular structures were analysed and compared with density functional theory calculations, which included natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. C1 can, when generated in situ, serve as part of a precursor, used for the activation of oxygen as tyrosinase model. We observe the self‐assembly of a peroxo–dicopper complex P with the HC(3‐tBuPz)2(Qu) ligand, which is able to perform catalytic hydroxylation catalysis with phenols. DFT calculations were also carried out to understand the electronic transitions responsible for the UV/Vis bands in the corresponding spectra of the peroxo species.
Sn6[P12N24] – A Sodalite‐Type Nitridophosphate
Authors: Pucher Florian J. , Frhr. von Schirnding Constantin , Hummel Franziska , Celinski Vinicius R. , Schmedt auf der Günne Jörn , Gerke Birgit , Pöttgen Rainer , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: December 2014

Sn6[P12N24] was synthesized from Sn and HPN2 at 820 °C in an evacuated silica glass ampoule. According to powder X‐ray diffraction investigations and Rietveld refinement [space group I$\bar {4}$3m (no. 217), a = 8.2882(2) Å, RP = 0.03645, wRP = 0.04613], Sn6[P12N24] crystallizes with a sodalite‐type structure with a reduced occupation factor of 3/4 for the Sn atom at Wyckoff site 8c and an empty Wyckoff site 2a at the center of the β‐cages. The structural results are further corroborated by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses, solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, and theoretical investigations (DFT), including density of states (DOS), energy/volume, and electron localization (ELF) calculations. The 119Sn Mössbauer spectrum shows a single, quadrupole‐split signal for SnII at an isomer shift of 3.05 mm/s. In addition to SiPN3 with a defective wurtzite type of structure, the nitridophosphate sodalite Sn6[P12N24] represents the second ternary nitridophosphate containing only p‐block elements.
Modified Julia Olefination on Sugar‐Derived Lactones: Synthesis of Difluoro‐exo‐glycals
Authors: Habib Samuel , Gueyrard David
Published: December 2014

We report the preparation of difluoro‐exo‐glycals by gem‐difluoroolefination of benzylated sugar‐derived lactones using a modified Julia reaction. The addition is highly stereoselective, and the Smiles‐rearrangement–elimination sequence can be carried out under microwave irradiation.
Cycloaddition of Arynes and Cyclic Enol Ethers as a Platform for Access to Stereochemically Defined 1,2‐Disubstituted Benzocyclobutenes
Authors: Yedulla Vijayendar R. , Pradhan Padmanava , Yang Lijia , Lakshman Mahesh K.
Published: December 2014

Benzocyclobutenes (BCBs) are important entities in a multitude of areas, such as complex organic synthesis, materials and polymer chemistry, and electronics. Whereas reactions between arynes and ketene acetals have been well studied, reactions with cyclic enol ethers are unknown. A cis olefin geometry in cyclic enol ethers makes them well suited for formal [2+2] cycloaddition with arynes than for competing ene reactions, making them effective reactants. Reactions of 2,3‐dihydrofuran, 2,3‐dihydro‐3H‐pyran, 5‐butyl‐2,3‐dihydrofuran, (S)‐2‐[(benzyloxy)methyl]‐2,3‐dihydrofuran, and 1,4‐dioxene with various arynes were successful. An advantage of the use of cyclic enol ethers is that despite the plausible intermediacy of zwitterionic intermediates, the products are limited to a cis ring junction. This can be exploited for potential access to stereochemically defined 1,2‐disubstituted BCBs. As a demonstration, ether ring cleavage with BBr3 provided trans‐functionalized BCBs, and displacement with azide then provided cis derivatives. DFT computations have been utilized to understand the structures of three arynes in relation to the cycloadditions and for a predictive evaluation of product ratios in two cases. A comparative evaluation of the HOMO energies of a related series of cyclic olefins has also been performed by DFT computations.
Complementary Synthetic Approaches to Elongated Polycyclic Arenes with Regioisomeric Carboxylic Substitution Patterns
Authors: Bock Harald , Carré Pauline , Hillard Elizabeth A. , Durola Fabien
Published: December 2014

The reaction of 1,5‐dibromoanthracene with butyllithium and diethyloxalate followed by saponification gives anthrylene‐1,5‐diglyoxylic acid as a bifunctional reactant. Its double condensation with 2‐bromophenylacetic acid, followed by double cyclization, leads to a bright‐orange near‐linear dinaphtho‐anthracene‐tetracarboxdiimide with substituents on the naphthalene moieties. An analogous condensation‐cyclization sequence of 2,5‐dibromophenylene‐1,4‐diacetic acid with 1‐naphthylglyoxylic acid leads to an isomeric red diimide substituted on the anthracene nucleus. The striking difference in band gaps shows that diimide substitution on the central moiety of diareno[a,h]anthracenes is particularly efficient in inducing long‐wavelength absorption. The substitution dependence of the band gap is found to be mainly caused by a variation of the reduction potentials with substituent position, whereas the oxidation potentials are largely substitution‐independent.
A Route for the Total Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched Jasmonates 12‐COOH‐JA and 12‐COOH‐JA‐Ile
Authors: Heinrich Clément F. , Widemann Emilie , Sanz Jérémie , Lugan Raphaël , Heitz Thierry , Pinot Franck , Miesch Michel , Miesch Laurence
Published: December 2014

Enantiomerically enriched oxidized conjugated or non‐conjugated jasmonate derivatives were obtained through 3‐alkynoates. Stereoselective reduction of the triple bond afforded exclusively the Z isomer. Protection of the amide function led to the non‐conjugated derivatives, whereas the free amides provided the oxidized isoleucine derivatives of jasmonate.
Tuning the Isomeric Fused Heteroaromatic Core of Small Donor–Acceptor Molecules to Alter Their Crystalline Nature and Enhance Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Dang Dongfeng , Xiao Manjun , Zhou Pei , Zhong Juan , Fan Jiang , Su Ning , Xiong Wenjing , Yang Chuncheng , Wang Qiong , Wang Yafei , Pei Yong , Yang Renqiang , Zhu Weiguo
Published: December 2014

Novel donor–acceptor‐type molecules, endo‐DBST(BT‐Cz)2 and exo‐DBST(BT‐Cz)2, were designed with benzothiadiazole‐carbazole (BT‐Cz) based arms and isomeric cores of dibenzosexithiophene (DBST), in which sulfur atoms at two lateral thienos in DBST are face‐to‐face for the endo‐derivative and back‐to‐back for exo‐derivative. In contrast to the endo‐type, the exo‐form exhibited highly crystalline properties, leading to an increased hole mobility up to 1.1 × 10–4 cm V–1s–1. A significant effect of the isomeric DBST cores on the photovoltaic properties was also observed in the organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. The maximum power conversion efficiency of 2.13 % with a fill factor up to 61.41 % was obtained for the exo‐DBST(BT‐Cz)2‐based devices, which are 1.2 times higher than that in the endo‐DBST(BT‐Cz)2‐based cells. Our results demonstrate that tuning the isomeric core would increase the carrier mobility significantly and consequently enhance the photovoltaic performance of the resulting molecules in OPV cells.