bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of a Deep Learning System and Performance of Optometrists for the Detection of Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy Using Colour Retinal Photographs
Authors: Jan Catherine L. , Vingrys Algis , Henwood Jacqueline , Shang Xianwen , Davey Christian , van Wijngaarden Peter , Kong George Y. X. , Fan Gaskin Jennifer C. , Soares Bezerra Bernardo P. , Stafford Randall S. , He Mingguang
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, with a significant proportion of cases remaining undiagnosed globally. The interpretation of optic disc and retinal nerve fibre layer images poses challenges for optometrists and ophthalmologists, often leading to misdiagnosis. AI has the potential to improve diagnosis. This study aims to validate an AI system (a convolutional neural network based on the Inception-v3 architecture) for detecting glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) using colour fundus photographs from a UK population and to compare its performance against Australian optometrists. Methods: A retrospective external validation study was conducted, comparing AI’s performance with that of 11 AHPRA-registered optometrists in Australia on colour retinal photographs, evaluated against a reference (gold) standard established by a panel of glaucoma specialists. Statistical analyses were performed using sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Results: For referable GON, the sensitivity of the AI (33.3% [95%CI: 32.4–34.3) was significantly lower than that of optometrists (65.1% [95%CI: 64.1–66.0]), p < 0.0001, although with significantly higher specificity (AI: 97.4% [95%CI: 97.0–97.7]; optometrists: 85.5% [95%CI: 84.8–86.2], p < 0.0001). The optometrists demonstrated significantly higher AUROC (0.753 [95%CI: 0.744–0.762]) compared to AI (0.654 [95%CI: 0.645–0.662], p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The AI system exhibited lower performance than optometrists in detecting referable glaucoma. Our findings suggest that while AI can serve as a screening tool, both AI and optometrists have suboptimal performance for the nuanced diagnosis of glaucoma using fundus photographs alone. Enhanced training with diverse populations for AI is essential for improving GON detection and addressing the significant challenge of undiagnosed cases.
Metabolomic Analysis and Biochemical Profiling of Cadmium-Induced Metabolic Impairment and Its Amelioration by Resveratrol
Authors: Ilyas Kainat , Rehman Kanwal , Iqbal Hajra , Hussain Amjad , Akash Muhammad Sajid Hamid , Shahid Mudassar , Sadaf Bushra
Published: November 2024

Exposure to heavy metals, particularly cadmium (Cd), poses significant health risks because of their toxic effects and potential for bioaccumulation in living organisms. This study examined the biochemical and metabolomic changes induced by Cd exposure in an animal model via advanced liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and biochemical assays to reveal significant disruptions in lipid and amino acid metabolism as well as alterations in key metabolic pathways. Cd exposure led to significant weight loss, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance, indicating its role in metabolic disorders such as diabetes. The accumulation of Cd in the liver and kidneys, identified via ICP-OES, corresponded with elevated levels of liver (ALT, AST) and kidney (BUN, creatinine) biomarkers, suggesting organ-specific toxicity. At the metabolic level, Cd exposure caused the accumulation of lipid metabolites such as ceramides and sphingolipids, which are associated with insulin resistance and broader metabolic impairments. Amino acid metabolism was also significantly disrupted, with increased concentrations of key amino acids such as phenylalanine, tryptophan, and arginine affecting pathways such as the urea cycle and Krebs cycle. These metabolic disturbances are linked to oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and impaired glucose regulation, as evidenced by elevated CRP and IL-6 levels. The protective effects of resveratrol (RSV) were clearly demonstrated in this study. RSV treatment ameliorated Cd-induced biochemical and metabolic alterations, as shown by improved glycemic control, restored lipid profiles, and normalized amino acid concentrations. Additionally, RSV significantly reduced inflammatory markers and improved liver and kidney function, highlighting its antioxidant properties and potential as a therapeutic agent against Cd toxicity. However, RSV did not significantly reduce Cd accumulation in organs, indicating that its protective effects are related to mitigating oxidative damage and metabolic disruption rather than promoting Cd excretion. This study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd-induced metabolic impairments and highlights the therapeutic potential of RSV in combating Cd toxicity. These findings underscore the need for further research into heavy metal exposure and its mitigation to protect human health, particularly in areas of environmental contamination.
Microgravity and Human Body: Unraveling the Potential Role of Heat-Shock Proteins in Spaceflight and Future Space Missions
Authors: Manna Olga Maria , Burgio Stefano , Picone Domiziana , Carista Adelaide , Pitruzzella Alessandro , Fucarino Alberto , Bucchieri Fabio
Published: November 2024

In recent years, the increasing number of long-duration space missions has prompted the scientific community to undertake a more comprehensive examination of the impact of microgravity on the human body during spaceflight. This review aims to assess the current knowledge regarding the consequences of exposure to an extreme environment, like microgravity, on the human body, focusing on the role of heat-shock proteins (HSPs). Previous studies have demonstrated that long-term exposure to microgravity during spaceflight can cause various changes in the human body, such as muscle atrophy, changes in muscle fiber composition, cardiovascular function, bone density, and even immune system functions. It has been postulated that heat-shock proteins (HSPs) may play a role in mitigating the harmful effects of microgravity-induced stress. According to past studies, heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are upregulated under simulated microgravity conditions. This upregulation assists in the maintenance of the proper folding and function of other proteins during stressful conditions, thereby safeguarding the physiological systems of organisms from the detrimental effects of microgravity. HSPs could also be used as biomarkers to assess the level of cellular stress in tissues and cells exposed to microgravity. Therefore, modulation of HSPs by drugs and genetic or environmental techniques could prove to be a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce the negative physiological consequences of long-duration spaceflight in astronauts.
Peripheral Eosinophil Count May Be the Prognostic Factor for Overall Survival in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Undergoing Surgical Treatment
Authors: Ciesielski Wojciech , Kupryś-Lipińska Izabela , Kumor-Kisielewska Anna , Grząsiak Oliwia , Borodacz Julia , Niedźwiecki Sebastian , Hogendorf Piotr , Durczyński Adam , Strzelczyk Janusz , Majos Alicja
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: The importance of total eosinophil count in peripheral blood (EOS) as a type 2 inflammation marker is known to be fundamental in asthma, chronic sinusitis, and vasculitis. In cancer, despite their questionable antiproliferative effect, their role remains unclear. Our purpose was to describe the relationship between baseline blood EOS and overall survival (OS) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 137 adult patients who underwent surgical treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) between the years 2012 and 2019. Patients with no recent history of systemic steroid use and without intraoperative metastases were included. Patients were categorized into two groups based on EOS (≥0.1 G/l and <0.1 G/l). Survival outcomes were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. (3) Results: According to EOS and PDAC stage, median OS values were as follows: in stage I–III, EOS ≥ 0.1 G/l group: 14.5 months, in stage I–III, EOS < 0.1 G/l group: 8.0 months, in stage IV, EOS ≥ 0.1 G/l group: 7.0 months, and in stage IV, EOS < 0.1 G/l group: 5.0 months. EOS < 0.1 G/l (vs. ≥0.1 G/l) was an independent prognostic factor for OS in both the uni- and multivariate Cox regression, respectively (HR = 1.48, p = 0.035 and HR = 1.57, p = 0.021). (4) Conclusions: Peripheral eosinophilia seems to be a potential independent prognostic factor. Further studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis, since our findings suggest that type 2 inflammation may be the factor directly or indirectly lengthening the survival of patients with PDAC.
CART (Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript): A New Identified Intrafollicular Mediator in Ovulation Induction Protocols
Authors: Voros Charalampos , Mavrogianni Despoina , Stavros Sofoklis , Papamentzelopoulou Myrto , Dimitroulia Evangelia , Doumplis Dimitrios , Mathiopoulos Dimitris , Loutradis Dimitrios
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) expression, leptin, and hormone profiles—specifically progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)—across four distinct ovulation induction protocols (HMG, HMG/hCG, rFSH, and rFSH/hCG). It also investigates the relationship between follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) Ser680Asn polymorphisms, CART expression, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) results, with the goal of better understanding how CART and FSHR polymorphisms affect ovarian response and oocyte quality. Methods: Data were obtained from 94 women who underwent controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) as part of their IVF therapy. Hormone levels, CART expression, and FSHR polymorphisms were measured across all four ovulation induction procedures. Statistical studies were undertaken to investigate the relationships between CART expression, hormone levels, and IVF results. Results: The study found no significant difference in body mass index (BMI) amongst the four stimulation procedures (p-values varied from 0.244 to 0.909). CART expression did not show a significant correlation with hormone levels throughout the whole cohort (progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, FSH, hCG, and estradiol; p > 0.05). However, CART levels were adversely linked with the number of follicles > 12 mm (r = −0.251, p = 0.018), total oocyte count (r = −0.247, p = 0.019), and oocyte maturity (r = −0.212, p = 0.048). Furthermore, there was a strong negative connection between CART expression and thyroid hormone T3 (r = −0.319, p = 0.048). Among FSHR polymorphisms, the SER/SER genotype was related to greater CART levels (mean 4.198 ± 2.257) than the SER/ASN and ASN/ASN genotypes (p = 0.031). Conclusions: These data indicate that CART expression and FSHR polymorphisms may influence ovarian response and oocyte quality in IVF patients, possibly acting as biomarkers for evaluating ovarian outcomes in various ovulation induction procedures.
Analysis of Cushioned Landing Strategies of Cats Based on Posture Estimation
Authors: Zhang Li , Han Liangliang , Liu Haohang , Shi Rui , Zhang Meiyang , Wang Weijun , Hou Xuyan
Published: November 2024

This article addresses the challenge of minimizing landing impacts for legged space robots during on-orbit operations. Inspired by the agility of cats, we investigate the role of forelimbs in the landing process. By identifying the kinematic chain of the cat skeleton and tracking it using animal posture estimation, we derive the cushioning strategy that cats use to handle landing impacts. The results indicate that the strategy effectively transforms high-intensity impacts into prolonged low-intensity impacts, thereby safeguarding the brain and internal organs. We adapt this cushioning strategy for robotic platforms through reasonable assumptions and simplifications. Simulations are conducted in both gravitational and zero gravity environments, demonstrating that the optimized strategy not only reduces ground impact and prolongs the cushioning duration but also effectively suppresses the robot’s rebound. In zero gravity, the strategy enhances stable attachment to target surfaces. This research introduces a novel biomimetic control strategy for landing control in the on-orbit operations of space robots.
A Novel High-Throughput Sample-in-Result-Out Device for the Rapid Detection of Viral Nucleic Acids
Authors: Wang Fangning , Hu Fei , Zhang Yunyun , Li Xichen , Ma Qin , Wang Xincheng , Peng Niancai
Published: November 2024

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) molecular diagnostic technology is one of the most reliable diagnostic tools for infectious diseases due to its short reaction time, high sensitivity, and excellent specificity. However, compared with fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, CRISPR molecular diagnostic technology lacks high-throughput automated instrumentation and standardized detection reagents for high sensitivity, limiting its large-scale clinical application. In this study, a high-throughput automated device was developed by combining reagent lyophilization, extraction-free technology, and a one-pot consumable system. This innovative approach enabled the rapid sample-in-result-out detection of 48 samples in 25 min and demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for the qualitative analysis of clinical samples. The obtained results show that the detection limit of the designed system for African swine fever virus (ASFV) is 0.5 copies/μL. As a proof concept, a single-tube dual-target nucleic acid detection method was developed, achieving a detection limit of 5 copies/μL for the ORF1ab and N genes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) within 45 min. The method is highly specific, reliable, and stable, providing a feasible solution for the clinical application of CRISPR nucleic acid detection technology.
Effects of the Interaction Between Time-on-Task and Task Load on Response Lapses
Authors: Li Jingqiang , Zhou Yanru , Hao Tianci
Published: November 2024

To investigate the interaction effects of prolonged working periods and different task loads on response lapses, focusing on the mechanisms of delayed responses and error lapses. Professionals such as pilots, truck drivers, and nurses often face extended work hours and fluctuating task loads. While these factors individually affect performance, their interaction and its impact on response lapses remain unclear. Twenty participants completed the Uchida–Kraepelin (U–K) Psychological Test and a dual-task version with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Independent variables were time-on-task and task load. Dependent variables included measures of fatigue, arousal, workload, task performance (delayed and error rates), and brain functional connectivity. Both time-on-task and task load significantly affected cerebral connectivity, response lapses, workload (frustration level), fatigue, and arousal. Arousal levels significantly decreased and reaction times increased after 60 min of work. Cognitive resource regulation became challenging after 90 min under high task load levels. A decline in the connection between the prefrontal and occipital cortex during high-load tasks was observed. The findings provide insight into the mechanisms of response lapses under different task load levels and can inform strategies to mitigate these lapses during extended work periods. This study’s findings can be applied to improve work schedules and fatigue management in industries like aviation, transportation, and healthcare, helping reduce response lapses and errors during extended work periods under high task load conditions.
How Are Physical Activity and Mindfulness Associated with Psychological Symptoms Among Chinese University Students: The Independent and Joint Role
Authors: Wei Xiaoqi , Chi Xinli , Chen Sitong , Liang Kaixin , Zhao Yue , Xie Sha
Published: November 2024

Prevalence of psychological symptoms among Chinese university students is relatively high globally, and most students cannot receive timely treatment. Therefore, exploring protective factors for these symptoms is crucial. In this study, the aim was to examine the independent and joint associations of physical activity (PA) and mindfulness with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and internet addiction. Due to the simplicity of implementation in a university context, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in China in 2022. Participants were recruited through online advertisements, in which 710 Chinese university students met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. Participants were then classified into four groups according to their PA and mindfulness levels. Adjusted nominal logistic regression models controlled for age and sex were fitted to examine the independent and joint associations of PA and mindfulness with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and internet addiction. When examined independently, high PA was associated with lower odds of depressive, anxiety, and internet addiction symptoms, while high mindfulness was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms. When examining the joint effect, compared to students with low PA and low mindfulness, those with high PA and low mindfulness had a lower risk of depressive and internet addiction symptoms, while students with high PA and high mindfulness reported the lowest odds of depressive, anxiety, and internet addiction symptoms. The current study found that a combination of PA and mindfulness was associated with a lower risk of psychological symptoms. Future studies are suggested to confirm the joint effects of PA and mindfulness on mental health using experiment design.
Project Report: Thermal Performance of FIRSTLIFE House
Authors: Tywoniak Jan , Malík Zdenko , Staněk Kamil , Sojková Kateřina
Published: November 2024

The paper deals with selected thermal properties of a small building that was built during the international student competition Solar Decathlon 2021/2022 and is now part of the Living Lab in Wuppertal. It summarizes the essential information about the overall design of this wooden building with construction and technologies corresponding to the passive building standard. Built-in sensors and other equipment enable long-term monitoring of thermal parameters. Part of the information comes from the building operation control system. The thermal transmittance value for the perimeter wall matches calculated expectation well, even from a short period of time and not at an achievable perfectly steady state boundary condition. The (positive) difference between the calculated values and the measured ones did not exceed 0.015 W/(m2K). It was proven that even for such a small building with a very small heat demand, the heat transfer coefficient can be estimated alternatively from a co-heating test (measured electricity power for a fan heater) and from energy delivered to underfloor heating (calorimeter in heating system). Differences among both measurement types and calculation matched in the range ± 10%. In the last section, the dynamic response test is briefly described. The measured indoor air temperature curves under periodic dynamic loads (use of fan heater) are compared with the simulation results. The simulation model working with lumped parameters for each element of the building envelope was able to replicate the measured situation well, while its use does not require special knowledge of the user. In the studied case, the differences between measured and simulated air temperatures were less than 1 Kelvin if the first two to three days of the test period are ignored due to large thermal inertia. Finally, the measurement campaign program for the next period is outlined.
Empirical Analysis of Critical Success Factors for Mechatronics Implementation in Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operations Projects in Nigeria
Authors: Oke Ayodeji Emmanuel , Aliu John , Ekundayo Damilola , Oni Samuel Bankole , Ilesanmi Oluwadamilare Olamide , Aghimien Douglas Omoregie , Aigbavboa Clinton
Published: November 2024

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has ushered in a new era of technological advancements that are transforming industries worldwide. One such technology that is revolutionizing the construction industry is mechatronics, which has the propensity to enhance the operations, activities, productivity and efficiency of the sector’s activities. Despite the numerous advantages of mechatronic technologies, their successful implementation in the context of developing countries poses unique challenges and considerations. Therefore, this study seeks to identify and evaluate the critical success factors (CSFs) for mechatronics implementation in architecture, engineering, construction and operations (AECO) projects. Existing CSFs were extracted from extant studies, which helped formulate the questionnaire disseminated to 372 construction professionals in Nigeria, including architects, builders, quantity surveyors, and engineers (mechanical, civil, electrical). The methodology also employed exploratory factor analysis (EFA), which facilitated the identification of key themes within the data. Through this application, six clusters of CSFs were revealed: organizational factors, financial considerations, technological aspects, collaboration and knowledge sharing, regulatory and policy factors, and sustainability and environmental considerations. From a theoretical perspective, the identified clusters of critical success factors provide a comprehensive framework that encompasses various dimensions of successful mechatronics adoption in the Nigerian construction industry. This study advances scientific knowledge on CSFs for the adoption of mechatronic technologies in the Nigerian construction industry, providing a comprehensive understanding of the factors that drive successful implementation. For policymakers, this study’s findings will be invaluable in shaping supportive policies and strategies that foster the widespread adoption of mechatronics in the construction sector.
An Analysis of the Conceptual and Functional Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Proton-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: AlZohbi Gaydaa
Published: November 2024

Hydrogen has the potential to decarbonize the energy and industrial sectors in the future, mainly if it is generated by water electrolysis. The proton-exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) system is regarded as a propitious technology to produce green hydrogen from water using power supplied by renewable energy sources. It offers many benefits, such as high performance, high proton conductibility, quick response, compact size, and low working temperature. Many conceptual and functional parameters influence the effectiveness of PEM, including temperature, pressure of anode and cathode regions, water content and wideness of the layer, and cathode and anode exchange current density. In addition, the anodic half-reaction (known as the oxygen evolution reaction (OER)) and cathodic half-reaction (known as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)) perform an important function in the development of PEMWE. The current study aims to present these parameters and discuss their impacts on the performance of PEM. Also, the PEM efficiency is presented. The different methods used to enhance the scattering of OER electrocatalysts and minimize catalyst loading to minimize the price of PEMWE are also highlighted. Moreover, the alternative noble metals that could be used as electrocatalysts in HER and OER to minimize the cost of PEM are reviewed and presented.
Gain-of-Function and Loss-of-Function Mutations in the RyR2-Expressing Gene Are Responsible for the CPVT1-Related Arrhythmogenic Activities in the Heart
Authors: Paudel Roshan , Jafri Mohsin Saleet , Ullah Aman
Published: November 2024

Mutations in the ryanodine receptor (RyR2) gene have been linked to arrhythmia and possibly sudden cardiac death (SCD) during acute emotional stress, physical activities, or catecholamine perfusion. The most prevalent disorder is catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT1). Four primary mechanisms have been proposed to describe CPVT1 with a RyR2 mutation: (a) gain-of-function, (b) destabilization of binding proteins, (c) store-overload-induced Ca2+ release (SOICR), and (d) loss of function. The goal of this study was to use computational models to understand these four mechanisms and how they might contribute to arrhythmia. To this end, we have developed a local control stochastic model of a ventricular cardiac myocyte and used it to investigate how the Ca2+ dynamics in the mutant RyR2 are responsible for the development of an arrhythmogenic episode under the condition of β-adrenergic (β-AR) stimulation or pauses afterward. Into the model, we have incorporated 20,000 distinct cardiac dyads consisting of stochastically gated L-type Ca2+ channels (LCCs) and ryanodine receptors (RyR2s) and the intervening dyadic cleft to analyze the alterations in Ca2+ dynamics. Recent experimental findings were incorporated into the model parameters to test these proposed mechanisms and their role in triggering arrhythmias. The model could not find any connection between SOICR and the destabilization of binding proteins as the arrhythmic mechanisms in the mutant myocyte. On the other hand, the model was able to observe loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations resulting in EADs (Early Afterdepolarizations) and variations in action potential amplitudes and durations as the precursors to generate arrhythmia, respectively. These computational studies demonstrate how GOF and LOF mutations can lead to arrhythmia and cast doubt on the feasibility of SOICR as a mechanism of arrhythmia.
An Anonymous Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme for Telecare Medical Information Systems
Authors: Faraj Ghassan Hameed , Shahtalebi Kamal , Mala Hamid
Published: November 2024

With the rapid development of information technology from one side and the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic from the other side, people presently prefer to access healthcare services remotely. Telecare Medical Information System (TMIS) provides more flexible, faster, and more convenient e-healthcare services available to all people, particularly those who lack access to physicians due to their geographical restrictions. However, due to the sensitivity of medical information, preventing unauthorized access to patient data and preserving patient privacy is crucial. In this paper, we propose an authenticated key agreement scheme for TMIS to preserve the privacy of the patient’s identity from all internal (even the health server and the physician) and external entities. Moreover, the physician’s identity is kept secret from all external entities. Formal and informal security analysis of the proposed scheme indicates that it is secure against all attacks in the context.
On the Peculiarities of Wire-Feed Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing (WEBAM) of Nickel Alloy–Copper Bimetal Nozzle Samples
Authors: Osipovich Kseniya , Semenchuk Vyacheslav , Chumaevskii Andrey , Gurianov Denis , Korsunsky Alexander M. , Rubtsov Valery , Kolubaev Evgeny
Published: November 2024

In order to gain insight into the unique characteristics of manufacturing large-scale products with intricate geometries, experimental nozzle-shaped samples were created using wire-feed electron beam additive technology. Bimetal samples were fabricated from nickel-based alloy and copper. Two distinct approaches were employed, utilizing varying substrate thicknesses and differing fabrication parameters. The two approaches were the subject of analysis and comparison through the examination of the surface morphology of the samples using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. It has been demonstrated that the variation in heat flux distributions resulting from varying the substrate thicknesses gives rise to the development of disparate angles of grain boundary orientation relative to the substrate. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that suboptimal choice of the fabrication parameters results in large disparities in the crystallization times, both at the level of sample as a whole and within the same material volume. For example, for the sample manufacturing by Mode I, the macrostructure of the layers is distinguished by the presence of non-uniformity in their geometric dimensions and the presence of unmelted wire fragments. In order to characterize the experimental nozzle-shaped samples, microhardness was measured, uniaxial tensile tests were performed, and thermal diffusivity was determined. The microhardness profiles and the mechanical properties exhibit a higher degree of strength than those observed in pure copper samples and a lower degree of strength than those observed in Inconel 625 samples obtained through the same methodology. The thermal diffusivity values of the samples are sufficiently close to one another and align with the properties of the corresponding materials in their state after casting or rolling. The data discussed above indicate that Mode II yields the optimal mechanical properties of the sample due to the high cooling rate, which influences the structural and phase state of the resulting products. It was thus concluded that the experimental samples grown by Mode II on a thinner substrate exhibited the best formability.
Early Diagnostic Prediction of Infective Endocarditis: Development and Validation of EndoPredict-Dx
Authors: Paixão Milena Ribeiro , Besen Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro , Pocebon Lucas Zoboli , Felicio Marilia Francesconi , Furtado Remo Holanda de Mendonça , de Barros e Silva Pedro Gabriel Melo , Gualandro Danielle Menosi , Bittencourt Marcio Sommer , Strabelli Tânia Mara Varejão , Sampaio Roney Orismar , Tarasoutchi Flávio , Siciliano Rinaldo Focaccia
Published: November 2024

Background: Infective endocarditis is a life-threatening disease with diverse clinical presentations, making diagnosis challenging and requiring a range of complementary tests. The level of suspicion, based on clinical judgment, guides decisions regarding the initiation of empirical treatment and the selection of appropriate diagnostic tools. This study aimed to develop and validate the EndoPredict-Dx score for early prediction of infective endocarditis diagnosis. Methods: Patients admitted to a specialized cardiovascular hospital emergency department with suspected infective endocarditis between January 2011 and January 2020 were included. The primary outcome was left-sided infective endocarditis according to the Duke criteria. Logistic regression was used to derive the scoring system, with internal validation performed through bootstrapping. Candidate variables were obtained from the admission medical history, physical examination, and laboratory parameters. Results: Of the 805 individuals with suspected infective endocarditis (median age 56 years (40–73); 58.6% men), 530 confirmed the diagnosis based on the Duke criteria. The EndoPredict-Dx assigned points for male sex, previous endocarditis, petechiae, heart murmur, suspected embolism, symptoms lasting 14 or more days at the time of admission, hemoglobin level ≤ 12 g/dL, leukocyte level ≥ 10 × 109/L, C-reactive protein level ≥ 20 mg/L, and urine red blood cells ≥ 20,000 cells/mL. Patients were divided into three risk groups. The AUROC was 0.78 (95% CI 0.75–0.81) for the derivation cohort and 0.77 for the internal validation. Conclusions: The EndoPredict-Dx score accurately predicted the likelihood of infective endocarditis using clinical and laboratory data collected at admission.
A Nitrogen- and Carbon-Present Tin Dioxide-Supported Palladium Composite Catalyst (Pd/N-C-SnO2)
Authors: Ding Keqiang , Li Weijia , Li Mengjiao , Di Mengyao , Bai Ying , Liang Xiaoxuan , Wang Hui
Published: November 2024

For the first time, nitrogen- and carbon-present tin dioxide-supported palladium composite catalysts (denoted as Pd/N-C-SnO2) were prepared via an HCH method (HCH is the abbreviation for the hydrothermal process–calcination–hydrothermal process preparation process). In this work, firstly, three catalyst carriers (denoted as cc) were prepared using a hydrothermal-process-aided calcination method, and catalyst carriers prepared using ammonia monohydrate (NH3∙H2O), N,N-dimethylformamide (C3H7NO) and triethanolamine (C6H15NO3) as the nitrogen sources were nominated as cc1, cc2 and cc3, respectively. Secondly, these catalyst carriers were reacted with palladium oxide monohydrate (PdO·H2O) hydrothermally to generate catalysts c1, c2 and c3. As testified by XRD and XPS, besides carbon materials and the N-containing substances, the main substances of all prepared catalysts were SnO2 and metallic palladium (Pd). Above all things, all resultant catalysts, especially c2, showed a prominent electrocatalytic activity towards the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). As indicated by the CV (cyclic voltammetry) results, all fabricated catalysts presented a clear electrocatalytic activity towards the EOR. In the CA (chronoamperometry) measurement, the faradaic current density of EOR measured on c2 at −0.27 V vs. an SCE (saturated calomel electrode) after 7200 s was still maintained at about 5.6 mA cm−2. Preparing a novel catalyst carrier, N-C-SnO2, and preparing a new EOR catalyst, Pd/N-C-SnO2, were the principal dedications of this preliminary work, which was very beneficial to the development of Pd-based EOR catalysts.
Assessing Satellite-Augmented Connected Vehicle Technology for Security Credentials and Traveler Information Delivery
Authors: Concas Sisinnio , Kummetha Vishal C.
Published: November 2024

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technology has the capability to enhance road safety by enabling wireless exchange of telematics and spatiotemporal information between connected vehicles (CVs). Effective V2X communication depends on rapid information sharing between Roadside Units (RSUs), in-vehicle On-Board Units (OBUs), and other connected infrastructure. However, there are increasing concerns with RSUs related to installation needs, reliability, and coverage, especially on rural roadways. This study aims to evaluate the benefits of augmenting CV infrastructure with satellite technology in situations where RSU access or coverage is limited while maintaining V2X security protocols and critical information exchange. The study utilizes data from over 400 personal, fleet, and commercial CVs collected during two real-world pilot deployments in the United States, one in an urban environment in Florida and one in a rural environment in Wyoming. The analysis performed shows that the delivery of critical security credential information and traveler information messages (TIMs) to CVs is dependent on a multitude of environmental and operational reliability factors. Overall, information delivery is faster with dense RSU infrastructure as compared to satellites. However, we show that by augmenting RSU infrastructure with satellite technology, the delivery of information is more robust, improving V2X system reliability, security, and overall road safety.
Buffer Occupancy-Based Congestion Control Protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks
Authors: Majeed Uzma , Malik Aqdas Naveed , Abbas Nasim , Alfakeeh Ahmed S. , Javed Muhammad Awais , Abbass Waseem
Published: November 2024

Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) have stringent constraints and need to deliver data packets to the sink node within a predefined limited time. However, due to congestion, buffer overflow occurs and leads to the degradation of the quality-of-service (QoS) parameters of event information. Congestion in WMSNs results in exhausted node energy, degraded network performance, increased transmission delays, and high packet loss. Congestion occurs when the volume of data trying to pass through a network exceeds its capacity. First, the BOCC protocol uses two congestion indicators to detect congestion. One is the buffer occupancy and other is the buffer occupancy change rate. Second, a rate controller is proposed to protect high-priority I-frame packets during congestion. BOCC sends a congestion notification to the source node to reduce congestion in the network. The source node adjusts its data transmission rate after receiving the congestion notification message. In the proposed algorithm, the rate adjustment is made by discarding low-priority P-frame packets from the source nodes. Third, to further improve the performance of the BOCC protocol, the problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem and solved using convex optimization and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) methods. Experimental results based on Raspberry Pi sensor nodes show that the BOCC protocol achieves up to 16% reduction in packet loss and up to 23% reduction in average end-to-end delay compared to state-of-the-art congestion control algorithms.
The Functional Response of Estuarine Fish Communities to Hydrologic Change in a Semi-Arid Ecosystem
Authors: Gonzalez Lisa A. , Quigg Antonietta
Published: November 2024

Functional assessment approaches were used to identify the responses of fish to environmental change in the San Antonio Bay System (Texas, USA). Using a 26-year coastal fisheries dataset (1993–2018), multivariate analyses revealed relationships between functional group abundance and freshwater inflows in the upper segments (Hynes Bay and Guadalupe Bay), but the patterns were decoupled from inflows in the lower bay segments (San Antonio Bay, Ayres Bay and Espiritu Santo Bay). In Hynes and Guadalupe Bays, freshwater migrant carnivores accounted for a significant fraction of the community irrespective of the gear, year or flow. Freshwater stragglers (omnivores and carnivores) were often present in the upper reaches of the bay. In the lower reaches, marine migrant omnivores were present during high and low flows in Espiritu Santos Bay, but only during low flows in Ayres Bay. Marine migrant carnivores were more important in gill nets irrespective of the flow conditions. The five most abundant fish were estuarine resident carnivores and omnivores, accounting for 53.5% of the community. Declines in the abundance of functional groups occurred during the 2011–2014 drought, with rebounds in 2015–2018. Functional methodologies provide insights into estuarine ecosystems and can serve as management tools to assess changes in fish assemblages.
Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages by Polish Young Adults: A Preliminary Study on the Importance of Sugar Tax Familiarity and Health Effects
Authors: Sajdakowska Marta , Jeżewska-Zychowicz Marzena , Gębski Jerzy , Kiełb Artur
Published: November 2024

Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) contributes to the risk of developing overweight and obesity in children and adults. Thus, reducing free sugar is a globally recognized public health priority. The implementation of a sugar tax is one way of achieving this goal. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between familiarity with the sugar tax and its importance in reducing obesity, the perceived health consequences of SSBs, situations and reasons for consumption, and the frequency of SSB consumption. A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2022 among 216 Polish adults (age 18–45). Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify three homogeneous clusters with regard to the perceived health consequences of consuming SSBs. A logistic regression model was used to verify the relationship between the frequency of SSB consumption (dependent variable) and other variables. Respondents with higher familiarity with the sugar tax (OR: 0.594; 95% CI: 0.42–0.85) and those in the “Unaware of disease” (OR: 0.437; 95% CI: 0.18–0.94) and “Disease-conscious” (OR: 0.484; 95% CI: 0.24–0.97) clusters were less likely to consume SSBs at least once per week than those in the “Moderately disease-conscious” cluster. Both the place of SSB consumption (i.e., restaurant—OR: 1.847; 95% CI: 1.14–3.64, work or university—OR: 3.217; 95% CI: 1.51–6.88, family home—OR: 2.877; 95% CI: 1.50–5.53) as well as a preference for their taste (OR: 4.54; 95% CI: 1.66–12.45) increased the chance of consuming SSBs at least once a week. In conclusion, it is necessary to continue educating the public about the health consequences of SSB consumption. The use of legislative measures (i.e., sugar tax) also contributes to reducing SSB consumption and can thus counteract the increasing obesity rate.
Alleviating D-Galactose-Induced Aging in Mice by Modulating Gut-Liver Axis Using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TY-Y10
Authors: Shi Shaoqi , Li Xiaoxia , Zhang Feng , Jiang Zhengqiang , Wang Jing , Zhao Liang , Chen Juan , Shu Xi , Fang Bing , Liu Ping , He Jingjing , Ge Shaoyang , Wang Fuqing , Guo Jie , Li Yixuan , Luo Jie , Wang Ran
Published: November 2024

Oxidative stress is closely linked to aging. Probiotics, whether viable or heat-inactivated, have shown antioxidant properties; however, their effect and mechanism of action in reducing oxidative stress during aging remains underexplored. This study examined the effects of viable and heat-inactivated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TY-Y10 (L. plantarum TY-Y10) on D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging in mice, aiming to uncover potential anti-aging mechanisms. Mice were induced to age with D-gal injections, then treated with sodium ascorbate (positive control) or varying doses of L. plantarum TY-Y10 for eight weeks. After treatment, oxidative stress markers, gut microbiota, and liver health were analyzed. Results showed that L. plantarum TY-Y10 decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and inflammatory markers while increasing antioxidant levels (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase). Liver damage was reduced, and expression of Nrf2 and related antioxidant enzymes improved. Additionally, L. plantarum TY-Y10 enhanced the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, boosting fecal short-chain fatty acid levels. In short, both viable and heat-inactivated L. plantarum TY-Y10 mitigated oxidative stress in aging mice by modulating gut microbiota and activating liver antioxidant pathways through the gut-liver axis.
Enhancing the Hypolipidemic and Functional Properties of Flammulina velutipes Root Dietary Fiber via Steam Explosion
Authors: Ma Chao , Ni Liying , Sun Mengxue , Hu Fuxia , Guo Zebin , Zeng Hongliang , Sun Wenlong , Zhang Ming , Wu Maoyu , Zheng Baodong
Published: November 2024

Flammulina velutipes is an edible mushroom widely cultivated in China. As a by-product of Flammulina velutipes, the roots are rich in high-quality dietary fiber (DF). In order to obtain high-quality soluble dietary fiber (SDF), steam explosion (SE) is used as an effective modification method to improve the extraction rate and avoid the loss of active substances. Mounting evidence shows that SDF alleviates lipid metabolism disorders. However, it is not well understood how the influence of SDF with SE pretreatment could benefit lipid metabolism. In this study, we extracted a soluble dietary fiber from Flammulina velutipes root with an SE treatment, named SE-SDF, using enzymatic assisted extraction. The physicochemical and structural properties of the SE-SDF were investigated, and its hypolipidemic effects were also analyzed using oleic-acid-induced HepG2 cells. In addition, the anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of SE-SDF were investigated using a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model. The results indicate that SE treatment (1.0 MPa, 105 s) increased the SDF content to 8.73 ± 0.23%. The SE-SDF was primarily composed of glucose, galactose, and mannose. In HFD-fed mice, SE-SDF significantly reduced weight gain and improved lipid profiles, while restoring liver function and reducing injury. This work provides an effective method for the processing of fungi waste and adds to its economic value. In future studies, the structural characteristics and the anti-obesity and gut microbiota regulation mechanisms of SE-SDF will be explored in depth, supporting its high-value utilization in healthcare products.
Iterated Crank–Nicolson Runge–Kutta Methods and Their Application to Wilson–Cowan Equations and Electroencephalography Simulations
Authors: Liu Jinjie , Lu Qi , Boukari Hacene , Boukari Fatima
Published: November 2024

The Wilson–Cowan model has been widely applied for the simulation of electroencephalography (EEG) waves associated with neural activities in the brain. The Runge–Kutta (RK) method is commonly used to numerically solve the Wilson–Cowan equations. In this paper, we focus on enhancing the accuracy of the numerical method by proposing a strategy to construct a class of fourth-order RK methods using a generalized iterated Crank–Nicolson procedure, where the RK coefficients depend on a free parameter c2. When c2 is set to 0.5, our method becomes a special case of the classical fourth-order RK method. We apply the proposed methods to solve the Wilson–Cowan equations with two and three neuron populations, modeling EEG epileptic dynamics. Our simulations demonstrate that when c2 is set to 0.4, the proposed RK4-04 method yields smaller errors compared to those obtained using the classical fourth-order RK method. This is particularly visible when the spectral radius of the connection matrix or the excitation-inhibition coupling coefficient is relatively large.
Food Gels Based on Polysaccharide and Protein: Preparation, Formation Mechanisms, and Delivery of Bioactive Substances
Authors: Guo Yong , Ma Chao , Xu Yan , Du Lianxin , Yang Xin
Published: November 2024

Hydrogels have a unique three-dimensional network that can create a good environment for the loading of functional compounds; hence, they have considerable potential in the delivery of bioactive substances. Natural macromolecular substances (proteins, polysaccharides) have the features of low toxicity, degradability, and biosafety; thus, they can be employed in the manufacture of hydrogels in the food sector. With its customizable viscoelastic and porous structure, hydrogels are believed to be good bioactive material delivery vehicles, which can effectively load polyphenols, vitamins, probiotics, and other active substances to prevent their influence from the external environment, thereby improving its stability. In this research, the common raw materials, preparation methods, and applications in the delivery of bioactive elements of food gels were examined; this study aimed at presenting new ideas for the development and utilization of protein-based food gels.
Ulp1 Regulates Cell Proliferation Through INO1 in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Yang Junjie , Zhong Bo , Yang Lan , Luo Zhan , Jia Lei , Zheng Kaixi , Tang Wenjie , Shang Wenna , Jiang Xiaofeng , Lyu Zhengbing , Gai Qijing , Chen Jianqing , Chen Guodong
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Ulp1 is a vital regulator of the cell cycle, with its absence leading to G2/M phase arrest in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This study aims to investigate the role of Ulp1 in cell cycle regulation in Pichia pastoris and to elucidate its mechanisms of action, particularly through the modulation of the gene INO1. Methods: We generated Ulp1 knockout strains in Pichia pastoris using the FLP-FRT system and performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze gene expression changes. We assessed cell proliferation in Ulp1 knockout and INO1 overexpressing strains, as well as the effects of inositol supplementation. Results: Our findings revealed significant downregulation of INO1 and other genes in Ulp1 knockout strains. Importantly, overexpression of INO1 restored cell proliferation, indicating that Ulp1 regulates this process via INO1. Notably, supplementation with exogenous inositol did not rescue cell proliferation, suggesting that the enzymatic activity of INO1 is not required for Ulp1’s regulatory function. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that Ulp1 modulates cell proliferation in Pichia pastoris through INO1, independent of its enzymatic activity. These insights enhance our understanding of Ulp1’s role in cell cycle regulation and open new avenues for exploring the molecular mechanisms governing yeast cell division. Further investigations are warranted to delineate the intricate regulatory pathways involved in this process.