bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Corporate Innovation Resilience of China Based on FGM(1,1) and Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis Model
Authors: Xia Houxue , Jiao Jingyao , Wang Pengcheng , Tang Xiaowei , Xiong Chunyan , Wu Liusan
Published: December 2023

Over the past few years, the uncertain business environment has shaped the resilient development thinking of firms. Measuring and predicting innovation resilience plays a crucial role in fostering the sustainable development of enterprises. This paper used the entropy-weight TOPSIS model and FGM(1,1) model to measure the innovation resilience of companies based on an indicator system, covering aspects such as tolerance for factor scarcity, R&D safety, core technology self-sufficiency, and organizational change capacity. The results show that the MAPE of the FGM(1,1) model is 0.0136, which is lower than that of the GM(1,1) model, with the predicted annual growth rate of the resilience being −0.95% from 2020 to 2025. Consequently, the study investigated what policy configuration may improve innovation resilience using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) model. It identified four policy configuration paths, of which the combination of a tax policy for an additional deduction of enterprise R&D expenses and an income tax reduction policy is an effective policy configuration. This research expands the application of the FGM(1,1) model and inspires managers to develop innovative policies to enhance corporate resilience.
Fractional-Order Modeling of Piezoelectric Actuators with Coupled Hysteresis and Creep Effects
Authors: Xu Yifan , Luo Ying , Luo Xin , Chen Yangquan , Liu Wei
Published: December 2023

A novel fractional-order model, incorporating coupled hysteresis and creep effects, is proposed for typical piezoelectric actuators in this study. Throughout the actuation process, various nonlinear behaviors such as piezoelectric hysteresis, non-local memory, peak transition, and creep nonlinearity are accurately characterized by the model. Offering a simpler structure and superior tracking performance compared to conventional models, the proposed fractional-order model parameters are identified using a method that integrates actuator dynamics and employs the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Experimental validation on a piezoelectric actuation platform confirms the model’s superior accuracy and simplified structure, contributing to a deeper understanding of piezoelectric actuation mechanisms and providing an efficient modeling tool for enhanced system performance.
Assessment of Quality of Life in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Care—Study Protocol of the GDM-QOL Project
Authors: Güldner Lisa , Greffin Klara , Muehlan Holger , Stubert Johannes
Published: December 2023

In recent years, the concept of quality of life (QoL) has gained significant importance within health care and clinical research, e.g., as in patient-reported outcomes. In gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) care, enhancing QoL through reasonable interventions is considered equally important as achieving metabolic control and preventing complications in the treatment process, leading to the suggestion that QoL assessment should be implemented as a clinical standard in GDM care. Although a considerable number of questionnaires for the measurement of general as well as health-related and diabetes-specific QoL are frequently used in GDM research, a validated QoL questionnaire tailored to women with GDM does not exist in German-speaking countries. To develop and test such an instrument, we plan to conduct the following steps: (a) translate the Persian questionnaire GDMQ-36, the only GDM-specific questionnaire to date; (b) conduct expert ratings as well as pretests featuring cognitive debriefings and structured interviews with women suffering from GDM for evaluating comprehensibility, face and content validity; (c) pilot and validate the preliminary questionnaire in terms of testing its psychometric performance (e.g., via confirmatory factor analysis). The resulting GDM-specific questionnaire will facilitate a broader perspective of the pregnant women’s expectations, needs, impairments, and burdens related to their disease, and its treatment. This enables physicians and other health professionals to establish an individualized treatment plan and to provide customized information, support, and psychological counseling, which helps to optimize the provided care.
Development and Validation of an Artificial Intelligence-Based Motion Analysis System for Upper Extremity Rehabilitation Exercises in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Hyun Jong , Jin Seung Mo , Kim Seck Jin , Kim Jea Hak , Kim Hogene , Bae EunKyung , Yoo Sun Kook , Kim Jung Hwan
Published: December 2023

In this study, we developed an AI-based real-time motion feedback system for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) during rehabilitation, aiming to enhance their interest and motivation. The effectiveness of the system in improving upper-limb muscle strength during the Thera band exercises was evaluated. The motion analysis program, including exercise repetition counts and calorie consumption, was developed using MediaPipe, focusing on three key motions (chest press, shoulder press, and arm curl) for upper extremity exercises. The participants with SCI were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG = 4) or control group (CG = 5), engaging in 1 h sessions three times a week for 8 weeks. Muscle strength tests (chest press, shoulder press, lat pull-down, and arm curl) were performed before and after exercises. Although both groups did not show significant differences, the EG group exhibited increased strength in all measured variables, whereas the CG group showed constant or reduced results. Consequently, the computer program-based system developed in this study could be effective in muscle strengthening. Furthermore, these findings may serve as a valuable foundation for future AI-driven rehabilitation exercise systems.
An Overview on Post-Harvest Technological Advances and Ripening Techniques for Increasing Peach Fruit Quality and Shelf Life
Authors: Hayat Umar , Li Wenqing , Bie Hangling , Liu Suning , Guo Dandan , Cao Ke
Published: December 2023

Post-harvest handling and ripening techniques have an impact on peach quality and shelf life, which has a big impact on consumer satisfaction and market competitiveness. This review paper examines recent advancements in ripening techniques and post-harvest technologies with the goal of improving peach fruit quality and sustainability. The factors impacting fruit quality after harvest and the physiological changes that occur throughout peach ripening are fully explained. For maintaining peach freshness and reducing losses, novel handling methods like modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and controlled atmosphere storage (CAS) have been investigated. The study explores the possibilities of nanotechnology applications and low-temperature storage for prolonging shelf life while maintaining texture, flavor, and aroma. This study further analyzes the effectiveness and waste reduction potential of automation and mechanization in post-harvest activities. The paper also discusses ethylene-based and non-ethylene-based ripening agents, as well as innovative techniques including gene editing and RNAi technology for controlled and delayed ripening. Analyses are performed on how these technologies affect the sensory qualities and nutrient profiles of peaches. The study emphasizes the significance of sustainable practices in the peach industry by focusing on waste reduction, resource efficiency, and circular economy integration. Post-harvest technologies’ potential environmental consequences are taken into consideration, and the paper encourages more studies and cooperation to increase sustainability.
Prospection of Nematotoxic Aqueous Seeds Extracts Derived from the Preserved Arachis (Fabaceae) Germplasm Bank
Authors: Nascimento Bruna , Brauna Cristiane , Ferreira Paula , Melo Luis , Ferreira Paulo , Rocha Thales
Published: December 2023

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) are the most damaging plant pathogens all over the world. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), considered the most important phytonematodes globally, cause significant agricultural losses. Despite the availability of various strategies to manage these pathogenic agents, excessive use of nematicides poses a threat to human health and the environment. Compounds derived from plant sources are proposed as an alternative to new biocides, potentially offering advantages over synthetic components. Several species within the Fabaceae family, including those within the Arachis genus, have demonstrated potential as sources of nematotoxic compounds. As part of a research program aimed at exploring bioactive compounds and valorizing germplasm banks, this study evaluated the nematicidal and nematostatic effects of aqueous crude extracts (ACEs) obtained from nine Arachis species sourced from the Embrapa Active Germplasm Bank against M. incognita’s second-stage juveniles (J2). The results indicate that Arachis stenosperma (ACE1) has promising nematocidal potential, with effectiveness exceeding 95% on dead nematodes for doses above 0.5 mg/mL. ACE1 has also demonstrated thermostability and lower harmful effects on bovine cells. This research provides a fresh outlook on the promising use of preserved germplasms to enhance Germplasm Storage Bank’s value, given the underexplored potential of these biological assets.
Enhancing Personnel Selection through the Integration of the Entropy Synergy Analysis of Multi-Attribute Decision Making Model: A Novel Approach
Authors: Kiratsoudis Sideris , Tsiantos Vassilis
Published: December 2023

Personnel selection stands as a pivotal component within the domain of human resource management, intrinsically tethered to the quality of the workforce at large. In this research endeavor, we introduce the Entropy Synergy Analysis of Multi-Attribute Decision Making (ES-MADM) model, an innovative framework expressly designed to rationalize and augment the decision-making processes inherent in the evaluation and selection of personnel within corporate entities. The ES-MADM model systematically navigates the complexities of personnel selection by imbuing objectivity into the assessment criteria, thereby facilitating the structured ranking of potential candidates and establishing a discernible selection sequence. Furthermore, it delves into the statistical significance of these criteria, thereby reinforcing the decision-making process’s stability. This research conducts a comparative analysis with alternative multicriteria methodologies and employs sensitivity analysis to ascertain the overall efficacy of the ES-MADM model. This scholarly pursuit, through its rigorous approach, furnishes a comprehensive solution to the intricate challenges surrounding personnel selection, thereby championing a systematic, data-driven approach to underpin pivotal decisions in this sphere.
A Context-Based Multimedia Vocabulary Learning System for Mobile Users
Authors: Vargo Andrew , Yamaguchi Kohei , Iwata Motoi , Kise Koichi
Published: December 2023

Vocabulary acquisition and retention is an essential part of learning a foreign language and many learners use flashcard applications to repetitively increase vocabulary retention. However, it can be difficult for learners to remember new words and phrases without any context. In this paper, we propose a system that allows users to acquire new vocabulary with media which gives context to the words. Theoretically, this use of multimedia context should enable users to practice with interest and increased motivation, which has been shown to enhance the effects of contextual language learning. An experiment with 46 English as foreign language learners showed better retention after two weeks with the proposed system as compared to ordinary flashcards. However, the impact was not universally beneficial to all learners. An analysis of participant attributes that were gathered through surveys and questionnaires shows a link between personality and learning traits and affinity for learning with this system. This result indicates that the proposed system provides a significant advantage in vocabulary retention for some users, while other users should stay with traditional flashcard applications. The implications of this study indicate the need for the development of more personalized learning applications.
Let the Body Talk: Preliminary Data of an Open Trial of Dance Movement Therapy for Eating Disorders
Authors: Bastoni Ilaria , Guerrini Usubini Anna , Gobetti Maria , Sanna Mila , Pagnoncelli Glenda , Uboldi Laura , Villa Valentina , Castelnuovo Gianluca , Sartorio Alessandro , Mendolicchio Leonardo
Published: December 2023

Background: There is growing support for considering Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) as an effective approach to improving physical and psychological symptoms in eating disorders (ED), but additional evidence is needed. The current study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a DMT intervention for inpatients with ED during an in-hospital rehabilitation program for ED in reducing emotion dysregulation and alexithymia and improving interoceptive awareness. Methods: Forty-nine consecutive inpatient young women with ED (aged between 18 and 34 years) recruited from a clinical center for the rehabilitation of obesity and ED received four group sessions of DMT intervention. All participants completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Scale (MAIA) before (Time 0) and after the intervention (Time 1). Paired-sample t-tests were run to assess differences between Time 0 to Time 1. Results: From pre-to-post interventions, there was a significant reduction in the means of all of the subscales of DERS, suggesting an improvement in emotion regulation competencies, with the only exception for difficulties in awareness that increased (p = 0.016). We also found a significant reduction in alexithymia, as proved by significant differences in all of the subscales and the total score of TAS (p < 0.001), and significant improvements in interoceptive awareness as suggested by increased scores of the noticing (p = 0.043), emotional awareness (p < 0.001), body listening (p < 0.001), and trusting (p < 0.001) subscales of MAIA. Conclusion: Overall, our results point towards the efficacy of dance/movement in reducing symptoms of eating disorders. Our findings also suggest that dancing can be considered a useful intervention to increase emotional regulation, reduce alexithymia, and enhance interoceptive awareness.
The Surgical Histopathology of the Filum Terminale: Findings from a Large Series of Patients with Tethered Cord Syndrome
Authors: Abdulrazeq Hael , Leary Owen P. , Tang Oliver Y. , Karimi Helen , McElroy Abigail , Gokaslan Ziya , Punsoni Michael , Donahue John E. , Klinge Petra M.
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the prevalence of embryonic and connective tissue elements in the filum terminale (FT) of patients with tethered cord syndrome (TCS), examining both typical and pathological histology. The FT specimens from 288 patients who underwent spinal cord detethering from 2013 to 2021 were analyzed. The histopathological examination involved routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and specific immunohistochemistry when needed. The patient details were extracted from electronic medical records. The study found that 97.6% of the FT specimens had peripheral nerves, and 70.8% had regular ependymal cell linings. Other findings included ependymal cysts and canals, ganglion cells, neuropil, and prominent vascular features. Notably, 41% showed fatty infiltration, and 7.6% had dystrophic calcification. Inflammatory infiltrates, an underreported finding, were observed in 3.8% of the specimens. The research highlights peripheral nerves and ganglion cells as natural components of the FT, with ependymal cell overgrowth and other tissues potentially linked to TCS. Enlarged vessels may suggest venous congestion due to altered FT mechanics. The presence of lymphocytic infiltrations and calcifications provides new insights into structural changes and mechanical stress in the FT, contributing to our understanding of TCS pathology.
Congestion in Heart Failure: From the Secret of a Mummy to Today’s Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Alevroudis Ioannis , Kotoulas Serafeim-Chrysovalantis , Tzikas Stergios , Vassilikos Vassilios
Published: December 2023

This review paper presents a review of the evolution of this disease throughout the centuries, describes and summarizes the pathophysiologic mechanisms, briefly discusses the mechanism of action of diuretics, presents their role in decongesting heart failure in patients, and reveals the data behind ultrafiltration in the management of acutely or chronically decompensated heart failure (ADHF), focusing on all the available data and advancements in this field. Acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF) presents a critical clinical condition characterized by worsening symptoms and signs of heart failure, necessitating prompt intervention to alleviate congestion and improve cardiac function. Diuretics have traditionally been the mainstay for managing fluid overload in ADHF. Mounting evidence suggests that due to numerous causes, such as coexisting renal failure or chronic use of loop diuretics, an increasing rate of diuretic resistance is noticed and needs to be addressed. There has been a series of trials that combined diuretics of different categories without the expected results. Emerging evidence suggests that ultrafiltration may offer an alternative or adjunctive approach.
Anxiety and Perception of Disease Control in Multiple Sclerosis Subjects Treated with Natalizumab
Authors: Corallo Francesco , Sessa Edoardo , Rifici Carmela , De Cola Maria Cristina , Di Cara Marcella , Cardile Davide , Venuti Giuseppe , Bonfiglio Noemi , D’Aleo Giangaetano , Quartarone Angelo , Lo Buono Viviana
Published: December 2023

Multiple sclerosis subjects treated with natalizumab face anxiety about developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), besides the psychological distress caused by the disease. The aim of this study is to investigate whether increasing the frequency of neurological and nuclear magnetic resonance screening may affect anxiety and the perception of disease control in patients treated with natalizumab. A total of 62 relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients were recruited from 2019 to 2020. All patients received conventional infusion treatments with natalizumab, along with a screening protocol for PML. Three clinical assessments were considered: at the beginning of the study (T0), after 3 months (T1) and after 6 months (T2). Patients were classified into three levels of risk, where level 1 represented a low risk of PML and level 3 a high risk. This classification determined treatment and screening protocol, i.e., the frequency of performing the Stratify test and the brain 3T NMR exam, as well as the frequency of infusion treatments. Anxiety and perception of disease control were assessed at T0, T1, and T2 by a skilled psychologist. The Friedman test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare outcomes at baseline with the two follow-ups. Statistical test results showed that the risk of PML (per 1000 patients) was significantly lower in women than in men (W = 198.5; p = 0.01). Moreover, significant differences between baseline and the two follow-ups were found, both for anxiety (F(2) = 122.6, p < 0.001) and for perception of disease control (F(2) = 123.5, p < 0.001). In both cases, there was significant improvement between baseline (T0) and the end of the study (T2) in any risk level (p < 0.001). An increase in the number of follow-ups, as well as an increase in instrumental investigations, might have a positive effect on both anxiety and the perception of disease control. However, there are many variables involved in the disease process that have an impact on patients’ psychological well-being. Therefore, further and more extensive studies are necessary to evaluate how, and how much, each variable impacts the disease course.
The Management of Acute Exacerbations in COPD: A Retrospective Observational Study and Clinical Audit
Authors: Boesing Maria , Ottensarendt Nicola , Lüthi-Corridori Giorgia , Leuppi Jörg D.
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not only associated with increased patient morbidity and mortality, but with extensive healthcare costs. Thus, adequate clinical management is crucial. The aim of this project was to evaluate the management of acute COPD exacerbations in a public teaching hospital in Switzerland. (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical routine data of patients presenting with an acute exacerbation of COPD at the emergency department of a Swiss hospital between January 2019 and February 2020. Management was evaluated against recommendations from the GOLD 2019 report and previous audits. (3) Results: The data of 184 patients (mean age 73.5 years, range 41–95 years, 53% male) with 226 visits were included. While the documentation of GOLD stage (I-IV) and smoking status was consistent (81.0% and 91.6%), GOLD risk category (A-D) was only documented in 36% of the cases. Patients’ respiratory rate upon presentation was measured in 73%, and blood gas analysis was performed in 70%. A total of 94% of the patients received a chest imaging; spirometry was performed in 10%. Initial symptomatic therapy with short acting bronchodilators was applied in 56%. Systemic steroid treatment was installed in 86%. Antibiotics were given in 56%, but in one fourth the indication was not clear. Non-invasive ventilation was applied in 25% of the indicated cases. Smoking cessation was recommended to 26% of the current smokers and referral to pulmonary rehabilitation was given in 16%. (4) Conclusion: GOLD recommendations were not comprehensively implemented, especially with regard to the assessment of severity, initial symptomatic therapy, and non-invasive ventilation. These results show the importance of the frequent revision of routine practice and may help to create awareness among practitioners and ultimately improve the quality of COPD management.
Steady Decline of HBV DNA Load under NAs in Lymphoma Patients and a Higher Level of qAnti-HBc Predict HBV Reactivation
Authors: Liu Yiqi , Nuersulitan Reyizha , Zhang Chi , Huo Na , Li Jun , Song Yuqin , Zhu Jun , Liu Weiping , Zhao Hong
Published: December 2023

Background: Patients with lymphoma and chronic hepatitis B virus infection need to be treated with both chemotherapy and nucleotide analogue (NA) therapy. However, dynamic changes in HBV DNA loads with increasing chemotherapy cycles are lacking. It is unknown whether HBV replication markers, namely, the quantitative hepatitis B core antibody (qAnti-HBc), HBV RNA, and the hepatitis B virus core-related antigen (HBcrAg), are also markers for predicting HBV reactivation (HBVr). Methods: From 29 June 2010 to 6 December 2021, the data of patients with single-site diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and HBV infection (HBsAg+ and HBsAg−/anti-HBc+) were collected from a hospital medical record system, retrospectively. Serum HBV DNA loads (using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR tests), qAnti-HBc levels (using a newly developed chemiluminescent particle immunoassay), HBV RNA levels (using the simultaneous amplification testing method based on real-time fluorescence detection), and HBcrAg levels (using a Lumipulse G HBcrAg assay) were tested, and factors related to HBVr were analyzed. Results: Under NAs, the HBV DNA loads of 69 HBsAg+ lymphoma patients declined from 3.15 (2.13–4.73) lg IU/mL to 1.00 (1.00–1.75) lg IU/mL, and further declined to 1.00 (1.00–1.04) lg IU/mL at the end of a 24-month follow-up. The qAnti-HBc levels decreased gradually during chemotherapy in HBsAg+ lymphoma patients (F = 7.090, p = 0.009). The HBV RNA and HBcrAg levels remained stable. A multivariate analysis revealed that higher qAnti-HBc levels (1.97 ± 1.20 vs. 1.12 ± 0.84 lg IU/mL, OR = 6.369, [95% CI: 1.523–26.641], p = 0.011) and higher HBV RNA levels (1.00 ± 1.13 vs. 0.37 ± 0.80 lg copies/mL, OR = 3.299, [95% CI: 1.229–8.854], p = 0.018) were related to HBVr in HBsAg−/anti-HBc+ lymphoma patients. Conclusions: HBV DNA loads declined under NAs during chemotherapy in lymphoma patients. In HBsAg−/anti-HBc+ lymphoma patients, a higher level of baseline serum qAnti-HBc and HBV RNA levels can predict the likelihood of HBVr during chemotherapy.
Global and Local Deformation Analysis of Mg-SiC Nanocomposites: Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Representative Volume Element (RVE) Techniques
Authors: Rahimi Mehr Fatemeh , Kamrani Sepideh , Fleck Claudia , Salavati Mohammad
Published: December 2023

Improving the ductile deformation behavior of Mg-SiC nanocomposites without compromising strength is critical to enhancing their mechanical properties. Mg-SiC nanocomposites are produced through mechanical milling, cold isostatic pressing, sintering, and hot extrusion processes. This study investigates the uniaxial stress–strain response and deformation behavior of the Mg-SiC nanocomposite compared to pure Mg samples with and without the milling process. The deformation behavior was investigated by two-dimensional (2D) digital image correlation (DIC) at two macroscopic and microscopic scales, employing light micrographs and in situ loading samples, respectively, in the scanning electron microscope. Compared to the pure Mg samples, the mechanical test results demonstrated a significant improvement in strength (80 MPa) and fracture strain (23.5%) of the Mg-SiC nanocomposite. The three-dimensional (3D) representative volume element (RVE) model revealed the particle dispersion effect on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite. The RVE results demonstrate ductile deformation behavior in the sample with homogenous dispersion of SiC particles compared with the heterogeneous dispersion of SiC particles in Mg-SiC nanocomposite. The results demonstrated a good agreement between DIC and RVE predictions for Mg-SiC nanocomposites across macro- and microscales.
AIS Data Manipulation in the Illicit Global Oil Trade
Authors: Androjna Andrej , Pavić Ivica , Gucma Lucjan , Vidmar Peter , Perkovič Marko
Published: December 2023

This article takes a close look at the landscape of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) spoofing. It is well known that automated identification system (AIS) spoofing can be used for electronic warfare to conceal military activities in sensitive sea areas; however, recent events suggest that there is a similar interest of spoofing AIS signals for commercial purposes. The shipping industry is currently experiencing an unprecedented period of deceptive practices by tanker operators seeking to evade sanctions. Last year’s announcement of a price cap on Russian crude oil and a new ban on Western companies insuring Russian cargoes is setting the stage for an increase in illegal activity. Our research team identified and documented the AIS position falsification by tankers transporting Russian crude oil in closed ship-to-ship (STS) oil transfers. The identification of the falsified positions is based on the repeated instances of discrepancies between AIS location suggestions and satellite radar imagery indications. Using the data methods at our disposal, we reconstructed the true movements of certain tankers and encountered some surprising behavior. These false ship positions make it clear that we need effective tools and strategies to ensure the reliability and robustness of AISs.
Guideline for the Decommissioning/Abandonment of Subsea Pipelines
Authors: Reda Ahmed , Amaechi Chiemela Victor , Diaz Jimenez Luis Fernando , Sultan Ibrahim A. , Rawlinson Andrew
Published: December 2023

The operating lifespan of pipelines is limited, defined by their specific design codes and specifications, with the economic justification for this being determined primarily by the pipeline owner. During its operational lifespan, a pipeline’s integrity is affected mainly by the quality of the hydrocarbons being transported. The integrity of a pipeline can be maintained with regular inspections and maintenance/cleaning programmes followed from installation to commissioning. As production matures and declines, operators face several decisions concerning the pipeline’s future. There are several potential scenarios, and each should be assessed on a case-by-case basis for any specific pipeline in question. The industry best practices outline the minimum requirements for the safe decommissioning of pipelines. However, there currently need to be international specifications to be followed for the decommissioning of disused offshore pipelines. This paper aims to provide insight into the decommissioning and abandonment of offshore pipelines. Also, this article provides case studies for the decommissioning of subsea pipelines.
A Network of Sporogenesis-Responsive Genes Regulates the Growth, Asexual Sporogenesis, Pathogenesis and Fusaric Acid Production of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense
Authors: Lu Songmao , Deng Huobing , Lin Yaqi , Huang Meimei , You Haixia , Zhang Yan , Zhuang Weijian , Lu Guodong , Yun Yingzi
Published: December 2023

The conidia produced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), the causative agent of Fusarium Wilt of Banana (FWB), play central roles in the disease cycle, as the pathogen lacks a sexual reproduction process. Until now, the molecular regulation network of asexual sporogenesis has not been clearly understood in Foc. Herein, we identified and functionally characterized thirteen (13) putative sporulation-responsive genes in Foc, namely FocmedA(a), FocmedA(b), abaA-L, FocflbA, FocflbB, FocflbC, FocflbD, FocstuA, FocveA, FocvelB, wetA-L, FocfluG and Foclae1. We demonstrated that FocmedA(a), abaA-L, wetA-L, FocflbA, FocflbD, FocstuA, FocveA and Foclae1 mediate conidiophore formation, whereas FocmedA(a) and abaA-L are important for phialide formation and conidiophore formation. The expression level of abaA-L was significantly decreased in the ΔFocmedA(a) mutant, and yeast one-hybrid and ChIP-qPCR analyses further confirmed that FocMedA(a) could bind to the promoter of abaA-L during micro- and macroconidiation. Moreover, the transcript abundance of the wetA-L gene was significantly reduced in the ΔabaA-L mutant, and it not only was found to function as an activator of micro- and macroconidium formation but also served as a repressor of chlamydospore production. In addition, the deletions of FocflbB, FocflbC, FocstuA and Foclae1 resulted in increased chlamydosporulation, whereas FocflbD and FocvelB gene deletions reduced chlamydosporulation. Furthermore, FocflbC, FocflbD, Foclae1 and FocmedA(a) were found to be important regulators for pathogenicity and fusaric acid synthesis in Foc. The present study therefore advances our understanding of the regulation pathways of the asexual development and functional interdependence of sporulation-responsive genes in Foc.
The Causal Relationship between FinTech, Financial Inclusion, and Income Inequality in African Economies
Authors: Girma Abebe Gule , Huseynov Fariz
Published: December 2023

Income inequality is one of the biggest problems affecting developing economies. Market imperfections and information asymmetry lead to lack of access to the financial system, which will exacerbate income inequality. The growing adoption of FinTech (financial technology) has altered the structure of how financial services are delivered and makes these services accessible to underserved groups. This study explores the causal relationship between FinTech development, financial inclusion, and income inequality in a panel study of 29 African countries. We apply pooled OLS regression and structural equation models to samples from the years 2011, 2014, and 2017. The findings indicate that FinTech has a positive and statistically significant effect on financial inclusion and income inequality in African countries. The study results also demonstrate that financial inclusion plays a pivotal mediation role in the negative effect of FinTech on income inequality in African economies. Further, financial inclusion (the ability to create a bank account and borrow money) negatively and significantly affects income inequality in African countries, whereas saving shows a positive and significant impact on income inequality. Overall, our study results suggest that to reduce income inequality and increase the effectiveness of FinTech investments, policymakers in African countries should design proper policies to enhance financial inclusion and offer more accessible and equitable financial services.
How Can Drones Uncover Land Degradation Hotspots and Restoration Hopespots? An Integrated Approach in the Mount Elgon Region with Community Perceptions
Authors: Opedes Hosea , Nedala Shafiq , Mücher Caspar A. , Baartman Jantiene E. M. , Mugagga Frank
Published: December 2023

Human-induced land degradation in biodiverse regions like Mount Elgon threatens vital ecosystems. This study employs drone mapping and community insights to assess land use changes, degradation, and restoration in Mount Elgon, Uganda. Drone monitoring (2020–2023) covered six sites, complemented by household surveys (n = 499), Focus Group Discussions (FDGs), and interviews. Drone imagery shows agriculture and planted forest as dominant land use types, gradually replacing tropical high forest, bushland, and grassland. Drone image results showed that smallholder subsistence farming is leading to and enhancing degradation. Landslides and encroachment into the park were detected in three of the six sites. Trenches were the most adopted Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) measure. The trench adoption varied by location and crop type, creating restoration potential, notably in Elgon, Nabyoko, and Shiteka. Interviews and FGDs revealed adoption of trenches, grass strips, and afforestation as remedies to land degradation. Complex interactions exists among land use, degradation, and SWC measures in the upper Manafwa watershed, underscoring the urgency of addressing landslides and encroachment into the forest. Community-based initiatives are vital for hands-on SWC training, emphasizing long-term benefits. Collaboration among government, local communities, and NGOs is crucial to enforce conservation and restore Mt. Elgon National Park, while encouraging diversified income sources can reduce land dependency and mitigate degradation risks.
Evolution and Transformation Analysis of Land-use in Mountainous “Granary”—Evidence from Typical Basin in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwest China
Authors: Chen Mei , Li Yangbing , Zhang Yiyi , Yu Limin , Yang Linyu
Published: December 2023

Intermountain basins are the granaries of the karst mountains of southwest China. Revealing the process and trend of land-use transformation in typical mountainous “granaries” is of great significance to optimizing land-use, food security, and rural revitalization in the karst mountains of southwest China. Lianjiang basin in Huishui County is the largest in Guizhou Province of southwest China, and a typical mountainous “granary” is used as a case study area. Based on seven periods of high-definition remote sensing images from 1966 to 2020 and on-the-spot investigation, we adopt the analysis methods of landscape pattern, moving window, and buffer zone and conduct an in-depth study on the spatial evolution of land-use and the land-use transformation law of the typical “granaries” of karst mountainous areas in southwest China from the perspectives of changes in the quantity of land-use, changes in the types of land-use, and changes in the landscape pattern. The results showed that the transformation of land-use in the basin was mainly manifested in the transformation of the function of cultivated land and the diversification of the function of cultivated land. The landscape pattern of the basin was gradually transformed from traditional rural landscape to modern agricultural landscape. The gradient effect of land-use evolution and transformation in the study basin was obvious. Traffic, location, and land resources significantly affect land-use transformation in the basin. Based on the above analysis, this paper proposes that the “granary” basins in karst mountainous areas should optimize the land-use of the basin by the trade-off between regional socio-economic development, ecological protection, and food security. The results of this paper provide a reference for land-use optimization and rural development in the granary-type basins and other similar areas in the karst mountains of southwest China.
Intonational Features of Spontaneous Narrations in Monolingual and Heritage Russian in the U.S.—An Exploration of the RUEG Corpus
Authors: Zerbian Sabine , Zuban Yulia , Klotz Martin
Published: December 2023

This article presents RuPro, a new corpus resource of prosodically annotated speech by Russian heritage speakers in the U.S. and monolingually raised Russian speakers. The corpus contains data elicited in formal and informal communicative situations, by male/female and adolescent/adult speakers. The resource is presented with its architecture and annotation, and it is shown how it is used for the analysis of intonational features of spontaneous mono- and bilingual Russian speech. The analyses investigate the length of intonation phrases, types and number of pitch accents, and boundary tones. It emerges that the speaker groups do not differ in the inventory of pitch accents and boundary tones or in the relative frequency of these tonal events. However, they do differ in the length of intonation phrases (IPs), with heritage speakers showing shorter IPs also in the informal communicative situation. Both groups also differ concerning the number of pitch accents used on content words, with heritage speakers using more pitch accents than monolingually raised speakers. The results are discussed with respect to register differentiation and differences in prosodic density across both speaker groups.
Methodology for Rationalization of Pre-Production Processes Using Virtual Reality Based Manufacturing Instructions
Authors: Novikov Konstantin , Hořejší Petr , Kubr Jan , Dvořák Matěj , Bednář Miroslav , Krákora David , Krňoul Matěj , Šimon Michal
Published: December 2023

This article deals with the rationalization of manufacturing processes within the product life cycle with emphasis on the pre-production phase of production. A new methodology for evaluating the applicability of modern visualization tools in manufacturing processes is presented. This methodology includes a modified Z-score for categorizing manufacturing processes and has been validated by the successful implementation of 10 real projects. Ultimately, the methodology provides a practical decision-making aid for manufacturing companies in deploying such Computer Aided Instruction tools. For the pre-production phase of products and their development, the possibilities of using modern visualization tools to support CAD instructions and assembly instructions are being explored. These modern visualization tools are video tutorials, augmented reality tutorials and virtual reality tutorials. This paper explores the use of these tools for rationalization of pre-production processes. A methodology was designed to select the most appropriate tool for rationalizing process execution in preparation for production. The functionality of the methodology was verified by applying the methodology in industrial practice and subsequent implementation of the recommended solutions. The methodology was validated by testing key combinations that can arise based on the methodology directly in the operations of manufacturing companies. A total of 10 implementations in real production processes were tailored to this study and carried out over 2 years and the functionality of the methodology was confirmed (that consisted also of a new software development). It was found that there is a dependency between the visualization tools chosen to create the instructions in the context of organizational production preparation and the nature of the production processes.
Long-Term Behaviour in an Exactly Solvable Model of Pure Decoherence and the Problem of Markovian Embedding
Authors: Trushechkin Anton
Published: December 2023

We consider a well-known, exactly solvable model of an open quantum system with pure decoherence. The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, decoherence is a property of open quantum systems important for both quantum technologies and the fundamental question of the quantum–classical transition. It is worth studying how the long-term rate of decoherence depends on the spectral density characterising the system–bath interaction in this exactly solvable model. Secondly, we address a more general problem of the Markovian embedding of non-Markovian open system dynamics. It is often assumed that a non-Markovian open quantum system can be embedded into a larger Markovian system. However, we show that such embedding is possible only for Ohmic spectral densities (for the case of a positive bath temperature) and is impossible for both sub- and super-Ohmic spectral densities. On the other hand, for Ohmic spectral densities, an asymptotic large-time Markovianity (in terms of the quantum regression formula) takes place.
Coalitional Control Strategy for a Heterogeneous Platoon Application
Authors: Maxim Anca , Pauca Ovidiu , Amariei Romeo-Gabriel , Braescu Florin-Catalin , Caruntu Constantin-Florin
Published: December 2023

In this work, we propose a coalitional control solution for a multi-agent networked system. The idea is to use a flexible communication topology, in which the communication links are enabled or disabled between sub-systems, depending on their shared task. The control methodology is designed in an optimal control framework, by computing an optimal state feedback gain matrix corresponding to each communication topology. The proposed control algorithm was validated in simulation, and tested in real-time experiments using a heterogeneous vehicle platoon consisting of four mobile robots. Both simulation and experimental results illustrate the efficacy of our proposed methodology.
On a Generalized Gagliardo–Nirenberg Inequality with Radial Symmetry and Decaying Potentials
Authors: Tarulli Mirko , Venkov George
Published: December 2023

We present a generalized version of a Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequality characterized by radial symmetry and involving potentials exhibiting pure power polynomial behavior. As an application of our result, we investigate the existence of extremals for this inequality, which also correspond to stationary solutions for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with inhomogeneous nonlinearity, competing with Hs-subcritical nonlinearities, either of a local or nonlocal nature.
Structure and Heat Transfer Characteristic Evolution of CaO-SiO2-CaF2-Based Solid Mold Flux Film upon Solidification
Authors: Long Xiao , Luo Wenbo , Li Xiang , Long Shaolei , Ma Honggang , Luo Dayang , Zheng Congxin
Published: December 2023

In this study, two typical commercially used CaO-SiO2-CaF2-based mold fluxes with different basicities were adopted. Solid slag films of the two mold fluxes were obtained by immersing an improved water-cooled copper probe in the molten fluxes for different probe immersion times and molten slag temperatures. The film thickness, closed porosity, and roughness of the film surfaces in contact with the copper probe were measured. The heat flux through the solidified films and the comprehensive thermal conductivity of the films were both calculated. The results indicated that compared with the heat flux through high-basicity films, the heat flux through low-basicity films exhibited high fluctuation due to the evolution of fusion cracks within the glass layer. High-basicity mold fluxes resulted in higher thickness, growth velocity, surface roughness, and devitrification velocity of the films. With the growth and crystallization of the slag films, the comprehensive thermal conductivity of the high-basicity films increased significantly. For the low-basicity films, their comprehensive thermal conductivity first decreased and then increased after the solidification time exceeded 30 s. The comprehensive thermal conductivity of the high- and low-basicity films ranged from 0.63 to 0.91 and 0.62 to 0.81 W/(m·K), respectively. The results provide a novel method for analyzing the potential effect of the structural factors of slag films on heat transfer control and controlling the heat transfer behavior of slag films.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Copper/Graphene Composites Fabricated via Accumulative Roll Bonding and Heat Treatment without a Controlled Atmosphere
Authors: da Cruz Ricardo Aparecido , de Andrade Mendes Filho Anibal , Santos Silvano Leal dos , Santos Vinícius Torres dos , da Silva Márcio Rodrigues , Lobo Flávia Gonçalves , Santos Givanildo Alves dos , Couto Antonio Augusto
Published: December 2023

Copper and its alloys are structural materials used in industries and engineering applications due to their excellent thermal and electrical conductivity and chemical stability. Integrating graphene, known for its exceptional electrical conductivity, into the copper matrix is a promising strategy to enhance mechanical properties without sacrificing electrical conductivity. The Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) process can effectively and homogeneously introduce graphene into the metal matrix and is adaptable to an industrial scale. This study investigates the impact of varying graphene concentrations and two heat treatment protocols (without a controlled atmosphere) on the mechanical and electrical properties of ARBed copper/graphene composites. Optical microscopy revealed minimal voids and graphene clumps, and the energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis revealed the absence of copper oxide in some samples. The conductivity test showed little influence of the graphene content and stress relief heat treatment temperature on electrical conductivity (~86% of the International Annealed Copper Standard) within a limited number of ARB cycles. The tensile tests did not reveal a significant influence of the graphene content and stress relief heat treatment temperature on the ultimate tensile strength (220–420 MPa) and elongation (~2%).
Microstructure Formations Resulting from Nanosecond and Picosecond Laser Irradiation of a Ti-Based Alloy under Controlled Atmospheric Conditions and Optimization of the Irradiation Process
Authors: Milovanović Dubravka , Rajčić Boris , Ranković Dragan , Stankov Biljana , Čekada Miha , Ciganović Jovan , Đurđević-Milošević Dragica , Stević Zoran , Kuzmanović Miroslav , Šibalija Tatjana , Petronić Sanja
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a study and comparison of surface effects induced by picosecond and nanosecond laser modification of a Ti6Al4V alloy surface under different ambient conditions: air and argon- and nitrogen-rich atmospheres. Detailed surface characterization was performed for all experimental conditions. Damage threshold fluences for picosecond and nanosecond laser irradiation in all three ambient conditions were determined. The observed surface features were a resolidified pool of molten material, craters, hydrodynamic effects and parallel periodic surface structures. Laser-induced periodic surface structures are formed by multi-mode-beam nanosecond laser action and picosecond laser action. Crown-like structures at crater rims are specific features for picosecond Nd:YAG laser action in argon-rich ambient conditions. Elemental analysis of the surfaces indicated nitride compound formation only in the nitrogen-rich ambient conditions. The constituents of the formed plasma were also investigated. Exploring the impact of process control parameters on output responses has been undertaken within the context of laser modification under different environmental conditions. Parametric optimization of the nanosecond laser modification was carried out by implementing an advanced method based on Taguchi’s parametric design and multivariate statistical techniques, and optimal settings are proposed for each atmosphere.