bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El abuso del derecho de la mayoría: el artículo 348 bis de la Ley de sociedades de capital (LSC) y la reciente sentencia del Tribunal Supremo (STS) del 11 de enero de 2023
Authors: Molero Prieto Rafael , Polo Garrido Fernando
Published: June 2024

El libro que aquí presentamos se corresponde con los trabajos de investigación, en forma de ponencias y comunicaciones, que fueron presentadas y defendidas por sus autoras/es en el Congreso internacional «Derecho, Economía y Empresa: cuestiones prácticas actuales», celebrado en la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, en su Campus de Alcoy (Alicante) el pasado día 10 de noviembre de 2023. El éxito de esta iniciativa académica fue patente: 53 ponencias y comunicaciones aceptadas que entre libro se presentan en forma de capítulos, presentadas y defendidas por un total de 66 autores, de diferentes nacionalidades, provenientes del mundo universitario y/o profesional. Derecho, Economía y Empresa: cuestiones prácticas actuales gira en torno a diferentes ejes temáticos, que dan acogida a esos diferentes trabajos de investigación en materia de planificación y organización de la empresa, de marketing comercial y comunicación, de planificación jurídica internacional de la empresa, de internacionalización de la empresa y comercio exterior, de crecimiento económico, desarrollo social y empleo y de innovación docente y educación. A lo largo de sus más de 500 páginas, Derecho, Economía y Empresa: cuestiones prácticas actuales, dividido en 6 partes y contando con 53 capítulos de libro, el lector va a encontrar sabias reflexiones de grandes profesionales, garantizándole que el debate científico en el que se convirtió el Congreso se reproduzca con la lectura de esta obra.
SEKİZİNCİ SINIF ORTAOKUL MATEMATİK DERS KİTABINDA YER ALAN GEOGEBRA ETKİNLİKLERİNİN 5E MODELİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Kağızmanlı Köse Türkan Berrin , Erol Birkan
Published: June 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı sekizinci sınıf ortaokul matematik ders kitabında yer alan GeoGebra etkinliklerinin 5E modeline göre değerlendirilmesidir. Araştırmada örnek olay tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Ders kitabı (Ortaokul ve İmam Hatip Ortaokulu Matematik 8. Sınıf Ders Kitabı) tipik durum örneklemesi yöntemiyle seçilmiştir. Araştırmada ders kitabındaki GeoGebra etkinliklerinin konudaki işlevi, talimatların kazanıma uygunluğu, GeoGebra kullanımının örneğe ve öğrenciye etkisi yönleriyle incelenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen nitel veriler analiz edilirken içerik analizi yapılmıştır. GeoGebra etkinliklerinin yer aldığı tüm konularda, konuya daha önceki öğrenmelere hatırlatma yapılarak veya günlük hayattan örnekler verilerek giriş yapıldığı görülmektedir. Buna göre ders kitabındaki tüm GeoGebra etkinlikleri 5E modeline göre derinleştirme aşamasında yer almaktadır. Ders kitabında yer alan GeoGebra etkinliklerinin kazanıma uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ders kitabındaki GeoGebra etkinliklerinin tamamının öğrenciye konuları görselleştirdiği belirlenmiştir.
EIN VERGLEICH DER FRAUENBILDER IN DEN WERKEN “MADONNA IM PELZMANTEL” UND “DIE VILLA AM BOSPOROS”: TURKISCHER AUTOR - DEUTSCHE FRAU DEUTSCHE AUTORİN – TURKISCHE FRAU
Authors: Özgül Akkartal Duygu , Tanrıkulu Lokman
Published: June 2024

Von der Vergangenheit bis zur Gegenwart haben Frauen versucht, nach den Normen zu leben, die die Gesellschaft und Kultur, der sie angehören, erfordern. Seit vielen Jahren ist man bestrebt, unabhängig vom Osten und Westen der Länder in vielen Gebieten präsent zu sein. Allerdings werden diese Bewegungen als Verhaltensweisen beschrieben, die von der patriarchalischen Gesellschaft nicht übernommen werden und im Widerspruch zu ihren Ideologien stehen. Diese gegensätzlichen Verhaltensweisen werden von der patriarchalischen Gesellschaft bestraft, unabhängig vom Status der Frau. Daher ist der Kampf von Frauen im Teufelskreis aus Menschsein, Existenz, Qualifikationserwerb und Qualifikationsnachweis auch heute noch zu beobachten. Verschiedene Perspektiven und Annahmen der Gesellschaft werden heute durch die Stereotypen des Frauenbildes in Frage gestellt. In dieser Studie wurden die Werke von Sabahattin Alis „Madonna im Pelzmantel“ und das weibliche Motiv in Sigrid Weiners „Die Villa am Bosporos“ verglichen, beide Autoren, die in unterschiedlichen Kulturen lebten. Die gemeinsamen und unterschiedlichen Aspekte ihrer Perspektiven gegenüber Frauen wurden unabhängig von ihren eigenen kulturellen Werten bewertet. Diskutiert wird die historische Entwicklung der Stellung der Frau in der Gesellschaft im Hinblick auf Rechte und Gleichberechtigung. Es wurde versucht, die Perspektiven einer deutschen Schriftstellerin auf türkische Frauen und eines türkischen Schriftsteller auf deutsche Frauen aufzuzeigen. Die Ergebnisse wurden mithilfe der Dokumentenanalyse und der pluralistischen Analyse untersucht, bei denen es sich um qualitative Forschungsmethoden handelt. Als Ergebnis der aus der Untersuchung gewonnenen Daten kam man zu dem Schluss, dass es von der Beziehung zwischen Gesellschaft und Kultur abhängt, ob die Perspektiven auf das Frauenbild restriktiv oder befreiend sind, und nicht vom Wohlfahrtsniveau der Gesellschaft.
Two-step inertial bregman projection iterative algorithm for solving the split feasibility problem
Authors: HAO YAXIN , ZHAO JING
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we propose a new two-step inertial Bregman projection iterative algorithm by Halphern iterative method to solve the split feasibility problem in real Hilbert spaces. We give two selection strategies of step-sizes and prove that the proposed iterative sequence converges strongly to solution of the split feasibility problem. Our results extend and improve the corresponding results.
reestruturações do sistema produtivo e a educação escolar
Authors: Guimarães Gabriela Barbosa , Holanda George Ivan da Silva
Published: June 2024

O presente texto tem como objetivo analisar os processos de reestruturação produtiva e sua influência na formação escolar. Para tanto, destaca-se como as transformações do sistema produtivo, o Taylorismo-Fordismo e Toyotismo, trouxeram novas exigências para a formação do trabalhador moderno, sintetizadas pelo lema do aprender a aprender. Nas considerações finais, é ressaltado que o discurso educacional contemporâneo está carregado de ideologias neoliberais que tentam fazer da escola um braço do sistema produtivo vigente, exigindo da sociedade civil uma postura contrária a esse retrocesso.
Bone-modifying agents for bone metastasis in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Park Lee Chun , Lee Eun Mi
Published: June 2024

The bone is the most common location of breast cancer metastasis. Bone metastasis causes pain and skeletal-related events (SREs), and affects the quality of life and survival of breast cancer patients. Bone-modifying agents, including bisphosphonates and denosumab, reduce the risk of SREs in these patients. Among bisphosphonates, zoledronic acid is preferred due to its higher efficacy. Denosumab is marginally more effective than zoledronic acid in reducing the frequency of SREs. Patients with renal impairment should receive zoledronic acid with caution due to nephrotoxicity, and denosumab is an alternative option in these patients. Osteonecrosis of the jaw is a rare but severe complication of both zoledronic acid and denosumab, and all patients should undergo dental examinations before and during treatment. Although these drugs can reduce the risk of SREs in bone metastasis, no significant improvement in survival has been noted. This study reviews the effects and adverse events of bone-modifying agents for the treatment of bone metastasis from breast cancer.
Four-layer technique for tracheostomy scar treatment
Authors: Kang Jae Kyoung , Yun Byung Min
Published: June 2024

One important complication of the tracheostomy procedure is the depressed scar left after the tube is removed. A depressed tracheostomy scar can be aesthetically and functionally unacceptable. Tracheostomy scar treatment aims to fill lost soft tissue volume and correct tracheal skin tug. There are various techniques described to manage post-tracheostomy scars, including the use of autologous tissue or allogenic material and the creation of muscle flaps. In this article, the authors introduce a surgical method using four layers: the scar, the strap muscles, the platysma muscle, and the skin. This procedure has been used in two patients with depressed scar after prolonged tracheostomy placement. The tracheal tug was eliminated in each patient, and an imperceptible cutaneous scar remained. In each case, patient satisfaction was complete. The authors recommend this technique as a simple and effective method of closure for these troublesome tracheostomy scars.
Comparison of local flaps versus skin grafts as reconstruction methods for defects in the medial canthal region
Authors: Lee Min Hak , Kim Hoon Soo , Bae Yong Chan
Published: June 2024

Background: The medial canthal region features a complex three-dimensional and internal anatomical structure. When reconstructing a defect in this area, it is crucial to consider both functional and aesthetic aspects, which presents significant challenges. Generally, local flaps are preferred for reconstruction; however, skin grafts can be used when local flaps are not feasible. Therefore, we conducted a comparative analysis of surgical outcomes skin grafts when local flaps were not feasible, to determine which surgical method is more effective for medial canthal region reconstruction.Methods: Twenty-five patients who underwent medial canthal region reconstruction using skin grafts or local flaps from 2002 to 2021 were enrolled. Patient information was obtained from medical records. Five plastic surgeons evaluated the surgical outcomes based on general appearance, color, contour, and symmetry.Results: Skin grafts were used in eight patients and local flaps were used in 13. Combined reconstructions were employed in four cases. Minor complications arose in four cases but improved with conservative treatment. No major complications were reported. Recurrence of the skin cancer was noted in two cases. All categories showed higher scores for the local flap compared to both skin graft and combined reconstruction; however, the differences were not statistically significant respectively.Conclusion: The choice of appropriate surgical methods for reconstructing defects in the medial canthal region depends on various factors, including the patient’s overall health, the size and depth of the defect, and the degree of involvement of surrounding structures. When a local flap is not feasible, a skin graft may provide favorable surgical outcomes. Therefore, a skin graft can serve as a viable alternative for reconstructing the medial canthal region.
The Spatial Frequency Representation Predicts Category Coding in the Inferior Temporal Cortex
Authors: Toosi Ramin , Karami Behnam , Koushki Roxana , Shakerian Farideh , Noroozi Jalaledin , Rezayat Ehsan , Vahabie Abdol-Hossein , Akhaee Mohammad Ali , Dehaqani Mohammad-Reza A.
Published: June 2024

Understanding the neural representation of spatial frequency (SF) in the primate cortex is vital for unraveling visual processing mechanisms in object recognition. While numerous studies concentrate on the representation of SF in the primary visual cortex, the characteristics of SF representation and its interaction with category representation remain inadequately understood. To explore SF representation in the inferior temporal (IT) cortex of macaque monkeys, we conducted extracellular recordings with complex stimuli systematically filtered by SF. Our findings disclose an explicit SF coding at single-neuron and population levels in the IT cortex. Moreover, the coding of SF content exhibits a coarse-to-fine pattern, declining as the SF increases. Temporal dynamics analysis of SF representation reveals that low SF (LSF) is decoded faster than high SF (HSF), and the SF preference dynamically shifts from LSF to HSF over time. Additionally, the SF representation for each neuron forms a profile that predicts category selectivity at the population level. IT neurons can be clustered into four groups based on SF preference, each exhibiting different category coding behaviors. Particularly, HSF-preferred neurons demonstrate the highest category decoding performance for face stimuli. Despite the existing connection between SF and category coding, we have identified uncorrelated representations of SF and category. In contrast to the category coding, SF is more sparse and places greater reliance on the representations of individual neurons. Comparing SF representation in the IT cortex to deep neural networks, we observed no relationship between SF representation and category coding. However, SF coding, as a category-orthogonal property, is evident across various ventral stream models. These results dissociate the separate representations of SF and object category, underscoring the pivotal role of SF in object recognition.
Self-inhibiting percolation and viral spreading in epithelial tissue
Authors: Xu Xiaochan , Nielsen Bjarke Frost , Sneppen Kim
Published: June 2024

SARS-CoV-2 induces delayed type-I/III interferon production, allowing it to escape the early innate immune response. The delay has been attributed to a deﬁciency in the ability of cells to sense viral replication upon infection, which in turn hampers activation of the antiviral state in bystander cells. Here, we introduce a cellular automaton model to investigate the spatiotemporal spreading of viral infection as a function of virus and host-dependent parameters. The model suggests that the considerable person-to-person heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 infections is a consequence of high sensitivity to slight variations in biological parameters near a critical threshold. It further suggests that within-host viral proliferation can be curtailed by the presence of remarkably few cells that are primed for IFN production. Thus, the observed heterogeneity in defense readiness of cells reﬂects a remarkably cost-eﬃcient strategy for protection.
Novel Mechanism for Tubular Injury in Nephropathic Cystinosis
Authors: Sur Swastika , Kerwin Maggie , Pineda Silvia , Sansanwal Poonam , Sigdel Tara K , Sirota Marina , Sarwal Minnie M
Published: June 2024

Understanding the unique susceptibility of the human kidney to pH dysfunction and injury in cystinosis is paramount to developing new therapies to preserve renal function. Renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs) and fibroblasts isolated from patients with cystinosis were transcriptionally profiled. Lysosomal fractionation, immunoblotting, confocal microscopy, intracellular pH, TEM, mitochondrial stress test, and membrane integrity assays were performed for validation. CRISPR,
CTNS
-/-
RPTECs were generated. Alterations in cell stress, pH, autophagic turnover, and mitochondrial energetics highlighted key changes in the vacuolar (V)-ATPases in patient-derived and
CTNS
-/-
RPTECs. ATP6V0A1 was significantly downregulated in cystinosis and highly co-regulated with loss of
CTNS
. Correction of ATP6V0A1 rescued cell stress and mitochondrial function. Treatment of
CTNS
-/-
RPTECs with antioxidants astaxanthin (ATX) induced ATP6V0A1 expression and improved autophagosome turnover and mitochondrial integrity.In conclusion, our exploratory transcriptional and in vitro cellular and functional studies confirm that loss of cystinosin in RPTECs, results in a reduction in ATP6V0A1 expression, with changes in intracellular pH, mitochondrial integrity, mitochondrial function, and autophagosome-lysosome clearance. The novel findings are ATP6V0A1’s role in cystinosis-associated renal pathology and among other antioxidants, ATX specifically upregulated ATP6V0A1, improved autophagosome turnover or reduced autophagy and mitochondrial integrity. This is a pilot study highlighting a novel mechanism of tubular injury in cystinosis and requires further study in animal models to clarify its utility in clinical settings.
Artificially inserted G-quadruplex DNA secondary structures induce long-distance chromatin activation
Authors: Roy Shuvra Shekhar , Bagri Sulochana , Vinayagamurthy Soujanya , Sengupta Avik , Then Claudia Regina , Kumar Rahul , Sridharan Sriram , Chowdhury Shantanu
Published: June 2024

Although the role of G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures has been suggested in chromosomal looping this was not tested directly. Here, to test causal function, an array of G4s, or control sequence that does not form G4s, were inserted within chromatin in cells.
In vivo
G4 formation of the inserted G4 sequence array, and not the control sequence, was confirmed using G4-selective antibody. Compared to the control insert, we observed a remarkable increase in the number of 3D chromatin looping interactions from the inserted G4 array. This was evident within the immediate topologically associated domain (TAD) and throughout the genome. Locally, recruitment of enhancer histone marks and the transcriptional coactivator p300/Acetylated-p300 increased in the G4-array, but not in the control insertion. Resulting promoter-enhancer interactions and gene activation were clear up to 5 Mb away from the insertion site. Together, these show the causal role of G4s in enhancer function and long-range chromatin interactions. Mechanisms of 3D topology are primarily based on DNA-bound architectural proteins that induce/stabilize long-range interactions. Involvement of the underlying intrinsic DNA sequence/structure in 3D looping shown here therefore throws new light on how long-range chromosomal interactions might be induced or maintained.
Sex-dependent, lateralized engagement of anterior insular cortex inputs to the dorsolateral striatum in binge alcohol drinking
Authors: Haggerty David L , Atwood Brady K
Published: June 2024

How does alcohol consumption alter synaptic transmission across time, and do these alcohol-induced neuroadaptations occur similarly in both male and female mice? Previously we identified that anterior insular cortex (AIC) projections to the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) are uniquely sensitive to alcohol-induced neuroadaptations in male, but not female mice, and play a role in governing binge alcohol consumption in male mice (Haggerty et al., 2022). Here, by using high-resolution behavior data paired with in-vivo fiber photometry, we show how similar levels of alcohol intake are achieved via different behavioral strategies across sexes, and how inter-drinking session thirst states predict future alcohol intakes in females, but not males. Furthermore, we show how presynaptic calcium activity recorded from AIC synaptic inputs in the DLS across 3 weeks of water consumption followed by 3 weeks of binge alcohol consumption changes across, fluid, time, sex, and brain circuit lateralization. By time-locking presynaptic calcium activity from AIC inputs to the DLS to peri-initiation of drinking events we also show that AIC inputs into the left DLS robustly encode binge alcohol intake behaviors relative to water consumption. These findings suggest a fluid-, sex-, and lateralization-dependent role for the engagement of AIC inputs into the DLS that encode binge alcohol consumption behaviors and further contextualize alcohol-induced neuroadaptations at AIC inputs to the DLS.
Microtubule networks in zebrafish hair cells facilitate presynapse transport and fusion during development
Authors: Hussain Saman , Pinter Katherine , Uhl Mara , Wong Hiu-Tung , Kindt Katie
Published: June 2024

Sensory cells in the retina and inner ear rely on specialized ribbon synapses for neurotransmission. Disruption of these synapses is linked to visual and auditory dysfunction, but it is unclear how these unique synapses are formed. Ribbon synapses are defined by a presynaptic density called a ribbon. Using live-imaging approaches in zebrafish, we find that early in hair-cell development, many small ribbon precursors are present throughout the cell. Later in development, fewer and larger ribbons remain, and localize at the presynaptic active zone (AZ). Using tracking analyses, we show that ribbon precursors exhibit directed motion along an organized microtubule network towards the presynaptic AZ. In addition, we show that ribbon precursors can fuse together on microtubules to form larger ribbons. Using pharmacology, we find that microtubule disruption interferes with ribbon motion, fusion, and normal synapse formation. Overall, this work demonstrates a dynamic series of events that underlies formation of a critical synapse required for sensory function.
The transformation of sensory to perceptual braille letter representations in the visually deprived brain
Authors: Haupt Marleen , Graumann Monika , Teng Santani , Kaltenbach Carina , Cichy Radoslaw
Published: June 2024

Experience-based plasticity of the human cortex mediates the influence of individual experience on cognition and behavior. The complete loss of a sensory modality is among the most extreme such experiences. Investigating such a selective, yet extreme change in experience allows for the characterization of experience-based plasticity at its boundaries. Here, we investigated information processing in individuals who lost vision at birth or early in life by probing the processing of braille letter information. We characterized the transformation of braille letter information from sensory representations depending on the reading hand to perceptual representations that are independent of the reading hand. Using a multivariate analysis framework in combination with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), and behavioral assessment, we tracked cortical braille representations in space and time, and probed their behavioral relevance. We located sensory representations in tactile processing areas and perceptual representations in sighted reading areas, with the lateral occipital complex as a connecting ‘hinge’ region. This elucidates the plasticity of the visually deprived brain in terms of information processing. Regarding information processing in time, we found that sensory representations emerge before perceptual representations. This indicates that even extreme cases of brain plasticity adhere to a common temporal scheme in the progression from sensory to perceptual transformations. Ascertaining behavioral relevance through perceived similarity ratings, we found that perceptual representations in sighted reading areas, but not sensory representations in tactile processing areas are suitably formatted to guide behavior. Together, our results reveal a nuanced picture of both the potentials and limits of experience-dependent plasticity in the visually deprived brain.
Neural mechanisms of learned suppression uncovered by probing the hidden attentional priority map
Authors: Huang Changrun , van Moorselaar Dirk , Foster Joshua , Donk Mieke , Theeuwes Jan
Published: June 2024

Attentional capture by an irrelevant salient distractor is attenuated when the distractor appears more frequently in one location, suggesting learned suppression of that location. However, it remains unclear whether suppression is proactive (before attention is directed) or reactive (after attention is allocated). Here, we investigated this using a ‘pinging’ technique to probe the attentional distribution before search onset. In an EEG experiment, participants searched for a shape singleton while ignoring a color singleton distractor at a high-probability location. To reveal the hidden attentional priority map, participants also performed a continuous recall spatial memory task, with a neutral placeholder display presented before search onset. Behaviorally, search was more efficient when the distractor appeared at the high-probability location. Inverted encoding analysis of EEG data showed tuning profiles that decayed during memory maintenance but were revived by the placeholder display. Notably, tuning was most pronounced at the to-be-suppressed location, suggesting initial spatial selection followed by suppression. These findings suggest that learned distractor suppression is a reactive process, providing new insights into learned spatial distractor suppression mechanisms.
Doubling the known diversity of a remote island fauna: marine bivalves of the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas oceanic archipelagos (Southeastern Pacific Ocean)
Authors: Zelaya Diego Gabriel , Güller Marina , Bieler Rüdiger
Published: June 2024

Juan Fernández and Desventuradas are two oceanic archipelagos located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean far off the Chilean coast that received protected status as marine parks in 2016. Remoteness and access difficulty contributed to historically poor biodiversity sampling and limited associated research. This is particularly noticeable for bivalves, with most prior regional publications focused on single taxa or un-illustrated checklists. This study investigates marine bivalves collected between the intertidal and 415 m depth during (1) the 1997 IOC97 expedition aboard the M/V Carlos Porter, with special focus on scuba-collected micro-mollusks of both archipelagos, (2) two expeditions by the R/V Anton Bruun (Cruise 12/1965 and Cruise 17/1966), and (3) Cruise 21 of USNS Eltanin under the United States Antarctic Program, which sampled at Juan Fernández in 1965. Also, relevant historical material of the British H.M.S. Challenger Expedition (1873–1876), the Swedish Pacific Expedition (1916–1917), and by German zoologist Ludwig H. Plate (1893–1895) is critically revised. A total of 48 species are recognized and illustrated, including 19 new species (described herein) and six other potentially new species. The presence of two species mentioned in the literature for the region (Aulacomya atra and Saccella cuneata) could not be confirmed. The genera Verticipronus and Halonympha are reported for the first time from the Eastern Pacific, as are Anadara and Condylocardia from Chilean waters. Lectotypes are designated for Arca (Barbatia) platei and Mytilus algosus. These findings double the number of extant bivalve species known from the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas archipelagos, highlighting the lack of attention these islands groups have received in the past. A high percentage of species endemic to one or both archipelagos are recognized herein, accounting for almost 78% of the total. The newly recognized level of bivalve endemism supports the consideration of Juan Fernández and Desventuradas as two different biogeographic units (Provinces or Ecoregions) of the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
A taxonomic revision ofRhizophoraL. (Rhizophoraceae) in Thailand
Authors: Ngernsaengsaruay Chatchai , Chanton Pichet , Leksungnoen Nisa , Uthairatsamee Suwimon , Mianmit Nittaya
Published: June 2024

A taxonomic revision ofRhizophoraL. (Rhizophoraceae) in Thailand is presented. Two species,R. apiculataBlume andR. mucronataPoir., are enumerated with updated morphological descriptions, illustrations and a taxonomic identification key, together with notes on distributions, habitats and ecology, phenology, conservation assessments, etymology, vernacular names, uses, and specimens examined. Three names inRhizophora, are lectotypified:R. apiculataand two associated synonyms ofR. mucronata(i.e.,R. latifoliaMiq. andR. macrorrhizaGriff.).R. longissimaBlanco, a synonym ofR. mucronata, is neotypified. All twoRhizophoraspecies have a conservation assessment of Least Concern (LC). Based on the morphological identification, these two species can be distinguished from one another by the shape and width of the leaf laminae and the length of a terminal stiff point of the leaf laminae; the type and position of the inflorescences and the number of flowers per inflorescence; the character and color of the bracteoles; the presence or absence of the flower pedicels; the shape of the mature flower buds; the shape, color, and texture of the sepals; the shape, character, and the presence or absence of hairs of the petals; the number of stamens per flower; the size of the fruits; the color and size of the hypocotyls; the color and diameter of the cotyledonous cylindrical tubes; and the color of the colleters and exudate. The thick cuticles, sunken stomata, large hypodermal cells, and cork warts are adaptive anatomical features of leaves inRhizophorathat live in the mangrove environments. The pollen grains of ThaiRhizophoraspecies are tricolporate, prolate spheroidal or oblate spheroidal shapes, small-sized, and reticulate exine sculpturing.
Combined uranium-series and electron spin resonance dating from the Pliocene fossil sites of Aves and Milo’s palaeocaves, Bolt’s Farm, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa
Authors: Yu Wenjing , Herries Andy I. R. , Edwards Tara , Armstrong Brian , Joannes-Boyau Renaud
Published: June 2024

Bolt’s Farm is the name given to a series of non-hominin bearing fossil sites that have often been suggested to be some of the oldest Pliocene sites in the Cradle of Humankind, South Africa. This article reports the results of the first combined Uranium-Series and Electron Spin Resonance (US-ESR) dating of bovid teeth at Milo’s Cave and Aves Cave at Bolt’s Farm. Both tooth enamel fragments and tooth enamel powder ages were presented for comparison. US-ESR, EU and LU models are calculated. Overall, the powder ages are consistent with previous uranium-lead and palaeomagnetic age estimates for the Aves Cave deposit, which suggest an age between ~3.15 and 2.61 Ma and provide the first ages for Milo’s Cave dates to between ~3.1 and 2.7 Ma. The final ages were not overly dependent on the models used (US-ESR, LU or EU), which all overlap within error. These ages are all consistent with the biochronological age estimate (<3.4–>2.6 Ma) based on the occurrence of Stage I Metridiochoerus andrewsi. Preliminary palaeomagnetic analysis from Milo’s Cave indicates a reversal takes place at the site with predominantly intermediate directions, suggesting the deposit may date to the period between ~3.03 and 3.11 Ma within error of the ESR ages. This further suggests that there are no definitive examples of palaeocave deposits at Bolt’s Farm older than 3.2 Ma. This research indicates that US-ESR dating has the potential to date fossil sites in the Cradle of Humankind to over 3 Ma. However, bulk sample analysis for US-ESR dating is recommended for sites over 3 Ma.
The best of two worlds: reprojecting 2D image annotations onto 3D models
Authors: Marcillat Marin , Van Audenhaege Loic , Borremans Catherine , Arnaubec Aurélien , Menot Lenaick
Published: June 2024

Imagery has become one of the main data sources for investigating seascape spatial patterns. This is particularly true in deep-sea environments, which are only accessible with underwater vehicles. On the one hand, using collaborative web-based tools and machine learning algorithms, biological and geological features can now be massively annotated on 2D images with the support of experts. On the other hand, geomorphometrics such as slope or rugosity derived from 3D models built with structure from motion (sfm) methodology can then be used to answer spatial distribution questions. However, precise georeferencing of 2D annotations on 3D models has proven challenging for deep-sea images, due to a large mismatch between navigation obtained from underwater vehicles and the reprojected navigation computed in the process of building 3D models. In addition, although 3D models can be directly annotated, the process becomes challenging due to the low resolution of textures and the large size of the models. In this article, we propose a streamlined, open-access processing pipeline to reproject 2D image annotations onto 3D models using ray tracing. Using four underwater image datasets, we assessed the accuracy of annotation reprojection on 3D models and achieved successful georeferencing to centimetric accuracy. The combination of photogrammetric 3D models and accurate 2D annotations would allow the construction of a 3D representation of the landscape and could provide new insights into understanding species microdistribution and biotic interactions.
Comprehensive identification and expression analysis of FAR1/FHY3 genes under drought stress in maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Zhao Dongbo , Guan Peiyan , Wei Longxue , Gao Jiansheng , Guo Lianghai , Tian Dianbin , Li Qingfang , Guo Zhihui , Cui Huini , Li Yongjun , Guo Jianjun
Published: June 2024

Background

FAR1/FHY3 transcription factors are derived from transposase, which play important roles in light signal transduction, growth and development, and response to stress by regulating downstream gene expression. Although many FAR1/FHY3 members have been identified in various species, the FAR1/FHY3 genes in maize are not well characterized and their function in drought are unknown.

Method

The FAR1/FHY3 family in the maize genome was identified using PlantTFDB, Pfam, Smart, and NCBI-CDD websites. In order to investigate the evolution and functions of FAR1 genes in maize, the information of protein sequences, chromosome localization, subcellular localization, conserved motifs, evolutionary relationships and tissue expression patterns were analyzed by bioinformatics, and the expression patterns under drought stress were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Results

A total of 24 ZmFAR members in maize genome, which can be divided into five subfamilies, with large differences in protein and gene structures among subfamilies. The promoter regions of ZmFARs contain abundant abiotic stress-responsive and hormone-respovensive cis-elements. Among them, drought-responsive cis-elements are quite abundant. ZmFARs were expressed in all tissues detected, but the expression level varies widely. The expression of ZmFARs were mostly down-regulated in primary roots, seminal roots, lateral roots, and mesocotyls under water deficit. Most ZmFARs were down-regulated in root after PEG-simulated drought stress.

Conclusions

We performed a genome-wide and systematic identification of FAR1/FHY3 genes in maize. And most ZmFARs were down-regulated in root after drought stress. These results indicate that FAR1/FHY3 transcription factors have important roles in drought stress response, which can lay a foundation for further analysis of the functions of ZmFARs in response to drought stress.
Antioxidant Properties of a Novel Food Product, Aadun (Pudding) from Roasted Maize-African Yam Bean-peanut Flours Enhanced its Anti-hyperglycemia Potentials in Wistar Rats
Authors: Alagbe Iyanu Caleb , Malomo Sunday Abiodun , Akinremi Tobi Israel , Fawoye Simeon Babatunde , Obiwusi Praise Elisha
Published: June 2024

The study aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of a novel food product, aadun (pudding) from roasted maize-African yam bean-peanut flours as it enhanced the anti-hyperglycemia potentials of the cookies in Wistar rats. Aadun was produced from a blend of roasted maize, African yam bean (AYB), and peanut flour at different ratios (100%; 70:20:10%; 60:30:10%; and 50:40:10%) and labelled WKB 1, WKB 2, WKB3, and WKB 4, respectively, while a commercial sample (100%) was used as a positive control. The aadun was investigated for its proximate composition, titratable acidity, amino acid profile, in vitro antioxidant, in vivo glycemic index, and consumer acceptability. The proximate composition result showed that the protein and fiber content ranges were 11.90–13.91% and 2.68–3.30%, respectively. Its bioactivities were improved, as indicated by its hydrophobic amino acids and biological value (~71.96–87.57%), the respective hydroxyl radical scavenging and iron chelation activities of the aadun were 18.30–69.90 and 16.40–77.9% with sample WKB 3 (60:30:10%; maize:AYB:peanut) and the control sample having the highest and least activities, respectively. The sample WKB 3 had the highest DPPH and highest ferric-reducing properties. The aadun had a low glycemic index (GI) of 34.14–45.45%. Most interesting is that the panelists generally accepted all the aadun samples compared to the commercial aadun.
Exploring Competitive Strategies in Agri-tourism Ventures Located in Peri-Urban Areas of Telangana, India
Authors: Vishal Mangali , Radhika P. , Reddy D. Srinivasa , Meena A.
Published: June 2024

Agri-tourism is gaining momentum as a catalyst for rural development in Telangana, India. This study delves into the competitive strategies adopted by event and recreation agri-tourism ventures in Telangana, with a focus on those operating in proximity to urban centers like Hyderabad. By examining the strategic maneuvers of these ventures through the lens of the 4P's of marketing - Place, Price, Product, and Promotion - the study aims to elucidate their approach to attracting tourists and ensuring economic viability. The research explores the diverse activities offered by agri-tourism ventures, analyzes their strategic approaches, and assesses their financial feasibility. Through primary data collection via structured interviews with venture owners and secondary data analysis, the study provides insights into the competitive landscape of the agri-tourism sector in Telangana. The findings underscore the strategic importance of factors such as location, pricing flexibility, product diversification, and promotional efforts in shaping the success of agri-tourism ventures. Ultimately, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of the competitive dynamics within the burgeoning agri-tourism industry, offering valuable insights for stakeholders and policymakers aiming to foster sustainable rural development and economic growth in Telangana and beyond.
Case Report on Presentation of Scrub Typhus with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: V. Ashwin Karuppan , K. Yashwanth , Ganesh Deepika
Published: June 2024

The present study reports a case of scrub typhus with acute respiratory distress syndrome. In India, Scrub typhus has been endemic for many years. Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by the Orientia tsutsugamushi. The primary pathological change observed here is focal or disseminated vasculitis caused by endothelial cell destruction and perivascular leukocyte infiltration. We report a case of a 23-year-old female with nil comorbidities was referred from an outside hospital with complaints of high-grade fever, which was remittent in nature. Accompanied with symptoms such as abdominal pain which aggravated on food intake, cough without expectoration, nausea, vomiting, headache generalized myalgia and loose stools. This case of scrub typhus was chosen due to the wide variation in the clinical manifestations seen. It is important to determine the predictors that identify markers of severe disease in order to arrive at an early diagnosis, reduce the mortality, complications and the delay in the overall treatment.
Genetic Divergence Studies in Cucumber
Authors: Thakur Seema , Agrawal Anshika , Thakur Rajesh
Published: June 2024

Cucumber is an important vegetable crop belonging to family Cucurbitaceae which is the most widely cultivated in the tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world. Immature cucumber fruits can be either consumed as raw or in the form of pickle. In addition to its cooling properties, immature fruits are considered useful for people suffering from constipation, jaundice, and indigestion. In Himachal Pradesh, cucumber is commercially grown from March-May which makes the fruits available to the consumers from June-October, when there is non-availability of fruits in plains. Thirty two diverse genotypes of cucumber were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications including standard check cultivar i.e Solan Srijan at Horticultural  Research and Training Station and Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kandaghat It is concluded from the present investigation that for the improvement of various horticultural traits in cucumber, it would be better to carry out hybridization between genotypes from cluster IV (S-30, Sel-3A, Grani Collection, Kothi Deora Collection and Solan Srijan) and cluster II (FAM-2, Ujawala Summer Long-45, Bajrol Collection and Kothon Collection) in order to obtain better recombinants.
Evaluation of Modulation Techniques for 5G Wireless Communication: A Performance Comparison of OFDM, F-OFDM, UFMC and FBMC in terms of PSD, BER and SNR Metrics
Authors: Ramineni Padmasree , Yellagalla Manasa , Rajpet Bhavana
Published: June 2024

Modulation techniques in 5G wireless communication systems play a crucial role in meeting demands for higher data rates, lower latency, and improved connectivity. This involves optimizing power spectral density (PSD), enhancing data transmission reliability, and reducing bit error rates (BER) and interference. The objective of this paper is to evaluate primary modulation schemes used in 5G—Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Filter-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (F-OFDM), Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC), and Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC)—based on performance metrics such as PSD, BER, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) using MATLAB. OFDM demonstrates low BER at high SNR but faces degradation at lower SNRs, necessitating a higher SNR for maintaining low BER. F-OFDM improves BER in noisy environments through reduced out-of-band emissions and improved spectral efficiency. FBMC shows lower BER than OFDM, especially in multipath fading scenarios, despite its higher complexity. UFMC provides balanced performance with moderate BER across varying SNRs, offering a trade-off between simplicity and efficiency, with stable BER and enhanced spectral efficiency, and reduced latency compared to OFDM. Each modulation scheme in 5G presents specific strengths and weaknesses. OFDM is robust and widely used, while F-OFDM, FBMC, and UFMC enhance spectral efficiency, BER, and SNR management. Selecting the appropriate technique depends on network requirements, with MATLAB simulations playing a crucial role in optimizing 5G network performance.
Patient race and surgical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty: An analysis of a large regional database
Authors: Blum Marissa A. , Singh Jasvinder A. , Lee Gwo‐Chin , Richardson Diane , Chen Wei , Ibrahim Said A.
Published: November 2012

Objective

To examine racial differences in surgical complications, mortality, and revision rates after total knee arthroplasty.

Methods

We studied patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty using 2001–2007 Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council data. We conducted bivariate analyses to assess the risk of complications such as myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolism, wound infections, and failure of prosthesis, as well as 30‐day and 1‐year overall mortality after elective total knee arthroplasty, between racial groups. We estimated Kaplan‐Meier 1‐ and 5‐year surgical revision rates, and fit multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to compare surgical revision by race, incorporating 5 years of followup. We adjusted for patient age, sex, length of hospital stay, surgical risk of death, type of health insurance, hospital surgical volume, and hospital teaching status.

Results

In unadjusted analyses, there were no significant differences by racial group for either overall 30‐day or in‐hospital complication rates, or 30‐day and 1‐year mortality rates. Adjusted Cox models incorporating 5 years of followup showed an increased risk of revisions for African American patients (hazard ratio [HR] 1.39, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.08–1.80), younger patients (HR 2.30, 95% CI 1.96–2.69), and lower risk for female patients (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71–0.92).

Conclusion

In this sample of patients who underwent knee arthroplasty, we found no significant racial differences in major complication rates or mortality. However, African American patients, younger patients, and male patients all had significantly higher rates of revision based on 5 years of followup.
Physical activity monitoring in adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia: Findings from a clinical trial of cognitive–behavioral therapy
Authors: Kashikar‐Zuck Susmita , Flowers Stacy R. , Strotman Daniel , Sil Soumitri , Ting Tracy V. , Schikler Kenneth N.
Published: November 2012

Objective

Juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM) is a chronic musculoskeletal pain condition that is associated with reduced physical function. Recent research has demonstrated that cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in improving daily functioning among adolescents with JFM. However, it is not known whether these improvements were accompanied by increased physical activity levels. Our objective was to analyze secondary data from a randomized clinical trial of CBT to examine whether CBT was associated with improvement in objectively measured physical activity and whether actigraphy indices corresponded with self‐reported functioning among adolescents with JFM.

Methods

Participants were 114 adolescents (ages 11–18 years) recruited from pediatric rheumatology clinics that met criteria for JFM and were enrolled in a clinical trial. Subjects were randomly (1:1) assigned to receive either CBT or fibromyalgia education (FE). Participants wore a hip‐mounted accelerometer for 1 week as part of their baseline and posttreatment assessments.

Results

The final sample included 68 subjects (94% female, mean age 15.2 years) for whom complete actigraphy data were obtained. Actigraphy measures were not found to correspond with self‐reported improvements in functioning. While self‐reported functioning improved in the CBT condition compared to FE, no significant changes were seen in either group for activity counts, sedentary, moderate, or vigorous activity. The CBT group had significantly lower peak and light activity at posttreatment.

Conclusion

Actigraphy monitoring provides a unique source of information about patient outcomes. CBT intervention was not associated with increased physical activity in adolescents with JFM, indicating that combining CBT with interventions to increase physical activity may enhance treatment effects.
Pain Intensity Variability and Its Relationship With Quality of Life in Youths With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Tupper Susan M. , Rosenberg Alan M. , Pahwa Punam , Stinson Jennifer N.
Published: November 2012

Objective

To describe variability of pain intensity experienced by youths with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and examine factors related to within‐day patterns of pain and the relationship between magnitude of pain variability and quality of life.

Methods

Pain intensity was self‐reported on a visual analog scale (VAS; range 0–100) by 112 youths with JIA ages 8–18 years using electronic diaries 3 times per day for 7 days. Average absolute change in pain (AAC) was computed as a measure of the magnitude of pain variability for each participant. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between demographic and disease characteristics and the probability of having high pain variability (AAC ≥10 VAS units). Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between quality of life (assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory) and AAC. The generalized estimating equations approach was used to examine the relationship between the time of day and pain intensity.

Results

The mean ± SD AAC was 15.6 ± 10.5. The majority of youths (65%) had high AAC (≥10 VAS units). Disease severity predicted high pain variability (β = 0.02, P = 0.044). Higher AAC predicted lower quality of life (adjusted R2 = 0.194, β = −0.59, P = 0.003). Within‐day patterns of pain intensity varied by JIA subtype and sex.

Conclusion

This study characterized the pain intensity variability experienced by youths with JIA. Pain variability throughout the day was common, varied by JIA subtype and sex, and was related to quality of life. These findings have implications for future pain research, patient education, and development of clinical interventions for this population.