bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small-Seeded Legumes as a Novel Food Source. Variation of Nutritional, Mineral and Phytochemical Profiles in the Chain: Raw Seeds-Sprouted Seeds-Microgreens
Authors: Butkutė Bronislava , Taujenis Lukas , Norkevičienė Eglė
Published: December 2018

Growing public concerns about health haves prompted the search for novel food sources. The study is focused on the seeds, sprouted seeds and microgreens of Trifolium pratense, T. medium, Medicago sativa, M. lupulina, Onobrychis viciifolia, Astragalus glycyphyllos and A. cicer species as a potential source of value-added food ingredientsr. The samples were analysed for nutritional (wet chemistry, standard methods) and mineral (atomic absorption spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry) profiles, isoflavones (ultra-performance liquid with diode array detector –UPLC-DAD), coumestrol (UPLC-DAD), condensed tannins (CT) (vanillin-H2SO4 assay) and triterpene saponins (UPLC with triple-stage quadrupole MS). In our study, each species displayed high, but species-dependent nutritional, mineral and phytochemical value. All counterparts of legumes were mineral and protein rich. A. glycyphyllos samples, especially seeds, were abundant in iron. Trifolium spp. were found to be important sources of isoflavones, Medicago spp. of coumestrol and saponins, and O. viciifolia of CT. The protein and phytochemical contents increased and total carbohydrates decreased from seeds to microgreens.Our findings proved for the first time that seeds, sprouted seeds, and especially microgreens of small-seeded legumes are promising new sources of ingredients for fortification of staple foods with bioactive compounds, minerals and nutrients.
AN EXAMPLE OF USING FEM FOR AIR FLOW ANALYSIS THROUGH AIRCRAFT AREAL INJECTOR
Authors: Konieczny Adam
Published: December 2018

In the article an example of using the Finite Element Method to determine the air distribution that is used in the atomization of fuel by the aerial injector is presented. In detail, Finite Element Method analysis appeared to be helpful in verifying the geometrical parameter of the injector – the two‐flow parameter. The Finite Element Method results data of airflow distributions at the end of sections of an aerial injector allows a real geometric parameter to be verified. Full information about this parameter has shown the need to change other geometrical parameters. This work was made within the framework of a research project financed by State Committee for Scientific Research no. 5T12D 027 24.
ANALYSIS OF CONTROL QUALITY OF AIRCRAFT LATERAL MOTION DURING APPROACH WITH THE USE OF DIFFERENT CONTROL LAWS
Authors: Kopecki Grzegorz
Published: December 2018

The article presents different methods of control of the lateral motion of aircraft during approach with the use of ILS‐LOC. Results of computer simulations are presented. An assessment of the quality with and without cross‐wind was made with the use of quality coefficients. The control laws are based on PID regulator and its modifications. Moreover, the application of the model‐following control in case of incomplete measurement, i.e. lack of information about the track angle, is presented. For interception, the model is used as the generator of the desired trajectory. The difference between the real and model trajectory is used for wind compensation, instead of the integration in LOC regulator. For control law synthesis for stabilization, linear quadratic regulator method was used.
Twenty six new species of Leioproctus (Colletellus): Australian Neopasiphaeinae, all but one with two submarginal cells (Hymenoptera, Colletidae, Leioproctus)
Authors: Leijs Remko , Dorey James , Hogendoorn Katja
Published: December 2018

Twenty six new species of Australian Leioproctus (subgenusColletellus) (Hymenoptera, Colletidae) are described:aberransLeijs,sp. n.,alatusLeijs,sp. n.,albipilosusLeijs,sp. n.,albiscopisLeijs,sp. n.,aliceafontanusLeijs,sp. n.,altispinosusLeijs,sp. n.,aratusLeijs,sp. n.,auricorneusLeijs,sp. n.,bidentatusLeijs,sp. n.,centralisLeijs,sp. n.,ciliatusLeijs,sp. n.,clavigerLeijs,sp. n.,consobrinusLeijs,sp. n.,constrictusLeijs,sp. n.,laciniosusLeijs,sp. n.,longivultuLeijs,sp. n.,lucidusLeijs,sp. n.,nitidifuscusLeijs,sp. n.,pectinatusLeijs,sp. n.,pilotapilusLeijs,sp. n.,quadripinnatusLeijs,sp. n.,rubicundusLeijs,sp. n.,rubricinctusLeijs,sp. n.,similisLeijs,sp. n.,splendensLeijs,sp. n.,submetallicusLeijs,sp. n.High resolution images of diagnostic characters for all type specimens are included. Identification keys are provided.
Influência da temperatura final de carbonização nas características do carvão vegetal de espécies tropicais
Authors: Silva Renata Carvalho da , Marchesan Raquel , Fonseca Matheus Rodrigues , Dias Ana Carolina Caixeta , Viana Livia Cássia
Published: December 2018

Este estudo teve por objetivo a caracterização energética do carvão de resíduos de cinco espécies provenientes de marcenarias no município de Gurupi, TO, bem como avaliar a influência do tempo e temperatura final de carbonização. Dos resíduos de cada uma das cinco espécies, foram obtidos vinte corpos de prova. O carvão vegetal foi obtido por meio da pirólise da madeira em forno tipo mufla, onde foram utilizadas duas marchas com temperaturas finais de carbonização de 450 °C e 500 °C e tempo de carbonização de 6 h e 7 h, respectivamente. Para a determinação da densidade aparente e do rendimento gravimétrico, os carvões foram pesados em balança analítica e medidos com paquímetro. A análise química imediata (AQI) foi realizada em forno mufla, para a determinação dos materiais voláteis, carbono fixo e cinzas, sendo também calculado o poder calorífico. O rendimento gravimétrico apresentou valores médios aceitáveis para todas as espécies e temperaturas (36,4%). Os teores de materiais voláteis (27,7%), carbono fixo (70,6%) e cinzas (1,7%) também foram considerados aceitáveis. O poder calorífico apresentou valores dentro dos padrões recomendados, apresentando alto potencial energético. A temperatura final de carbonização recomendada foi de 500 °C.
Efeitos do manejo sustentável da Caatinga sob os atributos físicos do solo
Authors: Gonçalo Filho Francisco , Ferreira Neto Miguel , Fernandes Cleyton Dos Santos , Dias Nildo Da Silva , Cunha Rutilene Rodrigues da , Mesquita Francisco De Oliveira
Published: December 2018

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade do solo, em áreas da Caatinga submetidas a diferentes sistemas de manejo, tendo como parâmetros os atributos físicos do solo. As formas de manejo adotadas foram: (1) área de manejo sustentável da Caatinga; (2) área de Caatinga com manejo convencional; e (3) área de Caatinga considerada mata nativa. Decorridos 5 anos, foram coletadas amostras de solo nas áreas nas profundidades 0,00-0,20 m e 0,20-0,40 m para análise dos atributos físicos do solo. Os resultados evidenciaram maior compactação do solo na área de manejo convencional. O manejo sustentável da Caatinga mostrou-se uma técnica promissora para manutenção e recuperação das propriedades físicas do solo.
Consumidor de pinhão: hábitos, atributos de importância e percepção
Authors: Godoy Rossana Catie Bueno de , Deliza Rosires , Negre Maria De Fátima de Oliveira , Santos Greice Godoy dos
Published: December 2018

A semente de Araucaria angustifolia, conhecida como pinhão, é um alimento típico da região Sul do Brasil, com identidade histórica e cultural. Além de ser responsável pela renda de pequenos produtores, é um alimento com grande potencial nutricional, energético, pois contém amido resistente e compostos bioativos. A valorização do pinhão pode colaborar para a conservação da araucária, reduzindo o desmatamento. Para atingir esse objetivo, é importante conhecer o perfil do consumidor de pinhão, seus hábitos e preferências. Foi realizado um estudo com 183 consumidores em feiras, supermercados, sacolões e vendedores ambulantes, na região de Curitiba, PR, durante a época do ano com produção de pinhão. Utilizou-se um questionário sobre dados sócio demográficos, frequência de consumo, atributos de importância e percepção quanto ao valor nutricional. O produto é comprado a granel por mulheres em supermercados e feiras. Em geral, selecionam as sementes de maior tamanho, mais volumosas, brilhantes e com tonalidade tendendo ao amarelo (mais clara). O consumo é semanal, de preferência à tarde e à noite, servido quente. O pinhão é percebido como um alimento natural, é benéfico à saúde, que não é caro, e não é gorduroso, podendo ser consumido por toda a família.
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia: An uncommon presentation and novel treatment of a rare disease
Authors: Surprenant David , Goslawski Amanda , Kagha Karen , Griffin Dana , Mudaliar Kumaran , Hutchens Kelli , Opel Daniel , Tung Rebecca
Published: December 2018

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is an uncommon benign vascular proliferation characterized by isolated or grouped red-brown papules or nodules, most often located on the head or neck. Treatment of ALHE is difficult, with high recurrence rates reported across a myriad of different interventions. We report an atypical clinical presentation of ALHE that was successfully treated with a novel dual-therapeutic approach consisting of surgical excision followed by treatment with the pulsed dye laser.
Rotavirus diarrhea – An analysis through epidemic modeling
Authors: Chaturvedi Ojaswita , Lungu Edward , Jeffrey Mandu , Masupe Shedden
Published: December 2018

Modelling an infectious disease like diarrhea improves the understanding of the transmission and helps in preventing it. Based on the pathogenesis, this research creates a continuous mathematical model for diarrhea (forming an SIRS system) caused by the virus rotavirus. Basic calculations including the basic reproduction number (R0) and disease-free  state are successfully completed for the described system. Results show that if the basic reproduction number is kept below 1 (i.e. R0 < 1), there will be no epidemic. This mathematical model has been simulated using assumed values of parameters to test its fidelity.  In  order  to  establish  the  model  in  a  functioning  form,  the Routh Hurwitz method has been used for the stability  analysis.  Model fidelity has been made stronger by conducting the sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation too. This model is very useful and has been integrated to form utilizable systems which function as a predictive system to assist in prevention of further infections of rotavirus causing diarrhea.
The place of episiotomy in history: A sore review
Authors: Rodrigues Sofia B. , Néné Manuela
Published: December 2018

Background and objective: During childbirth some practices are common and widely accepted though they have no scientific basis. Despite of being implemented some centuries ago, they last in time up to the present day, as for example episiotomy. Currently it is a controlled use intervention in some countries, especially in northern Europe, and a liberal (and almost unquestionable) use intervention in other countries: It is so common that, there is not even accounting for this procedure as a quality care indicator. In the present time, there is a conflict that involves the advocated minimally invasive care versus defensive practices… Episiotomy perfectly illustrates this dichotomy. To synthesize the current knowledge about intrapartum perineal care, regarding the origin and introduction of episiotomy in the midwives practice over time, in order to comprehend the evolution of the concept and methods of perineal preservation.Methods: A literature search was conducted in the electronic databases CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MedicLatina, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, using descriptors MeSH and natural language. The results were synthesized and evidenced throughout this review.Results: A total of 27 articles were identified, which fully comply with the inclusion criteria. The most representative categories of papers are literature reviews (37%) and nonempirical articles (26%).Conclusions: Although scarce, the existing literature on this subject is very meticulous. One third of the articles are from midwives/nurse-midwives authorship which reveals special interest and concern of this professional class for this subject, that admittedly belongs to its field of expertise whether theoretical or practical. Major milestones were identified in the history of episiotomy which led to significant changes in midwifery intrapartum care patterns, with supremacy of the biomedical model.
Using a behavior analytics approach to change nursing care of extremely premature infants: A pilot study
Authors: Gonya Jenn , Niski Jessica , Cistone Nicole
Published: December 2018

The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is, inherently, a trauma environment for the extremely premature infant. This trauma is often exacerbated by nurse caregiving practices that can be modified and still remain effective. Our study explored how behavior analytics could be used to implement an intervention known as Care by Cues and how the intervention might, ultimately, impact infant physiologic stability.
Assessment of Promotional Strategies and Market Orientations on Jordanian Islamic Bank Performance
Authors: Muala Ayed Al
Published: December 2018

This study examined and observed connections between the influences of promotional strategies (PSs) and global market orientations (MOs) on the performance of Jordanian Islamic Bank. A survey was conducted using questionnaires, which were distributed to the employees of Jordanian banks. The banks of interest to this study are those that have adopted e-business. Questionnaire survey results corroborate that Jordanian bank employees should adopt MOs and PSs to realize strong bank performance (BP). The results also suggest an analysis on the influence of the sources of value creation on e-business and BP. The findings of the study are expected to contribute to the continued debate on e-business in the contemporary banking industry.
Mean Reversion and Momentum in Central and Eastern European Countries – A Case Study on Poland and Romania
Authors: Klein Alina F. , Klein Rudolf F.
Published: December 2018

There is considerable evidence showing that both mean reversion and momentum exist in stock prices, especially in financially-developed countries. We analyze these phenomena for two Central and Eastern European countries with very different transitions from centrally-planned to market economies: Poland and Romania. Although Poland’s stock market cannot be considered well-developed, its capitalization increased from 3 percent of GDP in 1995 to about 30 percent in 2017, while Romania’s stayed under 6 percent of GDP in the 1990s and early 2000s, and only recently has increased to about 21 percent. Examining how mean reversion and momentum affect stock prices, we find very similar results for the two countries. The speed at which stocks converge back to their fundamentals (i.e., mean reversion) is much faster than that of the developed markets, with half-lives of just over 9 months for both countries (similar to the results obtained in the literature for the Chinese market, but much shorter than the 3-4 years for  the well-developed markets). We also find that the momentum effect lasts less than in the developed countries. Therefore, in most cases, strategies combining mean reversion and momentum generate abnormal excess returns only for holding periods of less than 12 months.
English Passive Alternation by Saudi EFL Students
Authors: Alotaibi Reem A.
Published: December 2018

This study examines Saudi Arabian EFL students in relation to alternating, and non-alternating passive verbs. This study also considers factors related to the mastering of alternating / non-alternating verbs by (40) Saudi student participants related to correct/incorrect usage of alternating / non-alternating verbs by Saudi Arabian EFL student participants in a Grammaticality Judgment Task (GJT). The results of this study demonstrate that participants scored a satisfactory mean score of correct answers in the usage of alternating verbs (79%). On the other hand, this study demonstrates that the (40) Saudi EFL student participants achieved a total mean score of (48%) for non-alternation verbs. This study then considers possible causes for correct usage of alternating verbs and proposes to identify elements which relate to correct transfer by the (40) Saudi EFL student participants. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the over-generalizing of the passivisation rule for verbs that do not alternate resulted in improper usage. Lastly, this study indicates that a similarity between the construction of the non-causative and passive construction gives rise to improper understanding of English Passive Alternation by Saudi EFL student participants.
Vowel Variation Between American English and British English
Authors: Khan Afzal , Alzobidy Soleman Awad Mthkal
Published: December 2018

The English Language, being an international language, is spoken all over the world with many variations. These variations occur primarily due to environmental, cultural and social differences. The main reasons for these variations are intermingling of different races and strata in a society. In this regard prominent differences can be observed at phonological levels. These phonological variations produce different kinds of English, like British and American English. In these two there are differences in intonation, stress pattern, and pronunciation. Although South-Eastern British R.P. is known as Standard English but one cannot deny the existence and value of American English. The study attempts to highlight the vowel variation between British English and American English at phonological level.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 13, No. 1
Authors: Lee Sunny
Published: December 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 13 No. 1
Solar radiation affects bloat potential of wheat forage
Authors: Malinowski Dariusz Piotr , Pinchak William E. , Pitta Dipti , Min Byeng R.
Published: December 2018

Frothy bloat is a serious digestive disorder in cattle (Bos taurus L.) grazing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) pastures in the Southern Great Plains of the USA. Wheat plant metabolism may be one of the factors involved in bloat occurrence. In a series of experiments conducted during 2004–2007, we evaluated the effects of solar radiation intensity (ambient, 100% vs. reduced, 25%), a short-time (24 h vs. 48 h) exposure to solar radiation, and forage allowance (high, 18 kg vs. low, 6 kg DM/100 kg body weight) on seasonal concentration of phenolic compounds and foam strength (a measure of bloat potential) of wheat forage ‘Cutter’. Reduced solar radiation decreased total phenolic concentration and increased foam strength when compared to ambient solar radiation. Forage allowance interacted with solar radiation and short-term exposure treatments in determining phenolic concentrations; however, the effects were inconsistent during and among growing seasons. Concentration of phenolic compounds responded rapidly to sudden changes in weather patterns (passing cold fronts) that were usually associated with significant decrease in solar radiation intensity and temperature. Solar radiation intensity was positively correlated with total phenolic concentration and explained 62% to 72% of the variation in total phenolic concentration. Correlation between temperature and total phenolic concentration varied among growing seasons and explained 9–17% of the variation in total phenolic concentration. Results suggest that phenolic concentration in wheat forage is correlated with solar radiation. The decrease in phenolic concentration and resulting increase of bloat potential are especially pronounced during sudden changes in weather patterns during winter.
Factors Predisposing to Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease in the Patients with Respiratory Isolates of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Szturmowicz Monika , Siemion-Szcześniak Izabela , Wyrostkiewicz Dorota , Klatt Magdalena , Brzezińska Sylwia , Zabost Anna , Lewandowska Anna , Filipczak Dorota , Oniszh Karina , Skoczylas Agnieszka , Augustynowicz-Kopeć Ewa , Kuś Jan
Published: December 2018

Introduction: An increasing incidence rate of respiratory isolates of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been noted recently in most European countries as well as in the US. Despite many publications, there is no consensus concerning the importance of different factors in promoting NTM lung disease (NTMLD). The aim of the present retrospective study was to analyse patients with positive NTM respiratory isolates in search of factors predisposing to NTMLD. Material and methods: 73 patients, 23 males, 50 females, median age 62.2 years, in whom NTM have been cultured from respiratory specimen (sputum and/or bronchial washings), in the period 2010–2015, entered the study. Results: NTMLD (according to ATS/IDSA) has been recognised in 36 patients, airways colonisation by NTM—in 37 patients. NTMLD was diagnosed more often in the patients infected with M. kansasii, M. abscessus and M. avium/M. intracellulare comparing to those infected with M. xenopi, M. gordonae and M. fortuitum (p < 0.0001). The proportion of females to males was significantly higher in the NTMLD group comparing to the colonisation group (p < 0.007). Previous tuberculosis or mycobacteriosis were noted significantly more frequently in the group of patients with NTMLD comparing to the colonisation group (28% vs. 8%, p = 0.038). Univariate regression analysis revealed M. kansasii, female gender, and previous tuberculosis or mycobacteriosis as significant predictors of NTMLD. Conclusions: The risk factors of NTMLD recognition in the presented group of patients were the following: female gender, M. kansasii isolation, as well as past tuberculosis or mycobacteriosis.
Speech Therapy in the Management of Difficult-to-Treat Chronic Cough—Preliminary Results
Authors: Dąbrowska Marta , Grabczak Elżbieta , Rojek Dorota , Łobacz Anna , Klimowicz Karolina , Truba Olga , Rybka Aleksandra , Krzeski Antoni , Krenke Rafał
Published: December 2018

Introduction: The efficacy of management of chronic cough in adults is limited. Speech therapy is one of the few therapeutic methods which seems to be useful in patients with persistent chronic cough. However, the method has not been available in Poland so far. The aim of the study was to implement speech therapy and assess its efficacy in the management of patients with difficult-to-treat chronic cough. Material and methods: Patients, who were diagnosed and managed due to difficult-to-treat chronic cough, were enrolled into the study. Speech therapy was developed on the basis of the technique described by Vertigan. The entire therapy consisted of eight weekly sessions, each lasting 45 minutes. Before and after speech therapy, cough severity and its impact on the quality of life was assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ). Additionally, cough challenge test with capsaicin was performed. Results: Eighteen women were enrolled into the study, 15 of them (83%) attended all treatment sessions (median age 66 years, median duration of cough 60 months). There was a significant decrease in cough severity measured by VAS (46 vs. 28 mm, p = 0.016) after completion of speech therapy. A significant improvement in patients’ quality of life measured by LCQ (10.7 vs. 14.6 points, p = 0.004) and an increase in the threshold of cough reflex measured by capsaicin challenge were also demonstrated. Conclusions: Speech therapy resulted in a decrease in cough severity and improvement of quality of life of females with refractory chronic cough. Our results support the use of speech therapy as add-on treatment in females with difficult-to-treat cough.
Comparing Transpulmonary Thermodilution Monitoring to Lung Ultrasound during Pneumonia: An Observational Study
Authors: Mendrala Konrad , Gajniak Dariusz , Cyzowski Tomasz , Czober Tomasz , Gierek Danuta , Kucewicz-Czech Ewa
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Monitoring of lung function during pneumonia is essential for the evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy in ICU patients. Among various bedside techniques, two particularly interesting are the lung ultrasound and the transpulmonary thermodilution technique. In this observational single center study we wanted to assess the correlation between the lung ultrasound examination (LUS) and transpulmonary thermodilution volumetric parameters such as extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI). Material and methods: We analyzed data obtained from medical history of twelve patients requiring mechanical ventilation and hemodynamics monitoring with PICCO catheter due to newly diagnosed pneumonia. We compared lung ultrasound examination performed on the first and third day of new antimicrobial therapy with results of transpulmonary thermodilution examination made on the same day. We also calculated the difference between values obtained on first and third day to compare the trends. Results: We did not find any association between tested variables, except a correlation between PVPI and EVLWI, both measured at the same day (Rho = 0.3; 95%CI –0.02–0.59; p = 0.03), and trends in the period of 3 days (Rho = 0.6; 95%CI 0.2–0.8; p = 0.005). Conclusions: The results of the study indicate that volumetric values achieved using the PiCCO method as well as lung ultrasound should be interpreted with care and related to the clinical state of a patient, keeping in mind that no correlation between the result achieved and the actual state of inflammatory changes in the lungs may be possible.
Early Maladaptive Schemas and Asthma: Disconnection and Rejection Domains May Have an Effect on the Severity of Asthma
Authors: Nazemiyeh Masoud , Sharifi Akbar , Shojaan Horiyeh , Mohammadi Maryam , Abdkarimi Sina , Gojazadeh Morteza
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) that are being shaped through the early period of development of humans have been reported to affect the functions of asthmatic patients. This study focuses on the probable relationship between the personality schemas and areas with severity of asthma. Material and methods: Fifty asthmatic patients were entered this descriptive cross-sectional study in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from March to August, 2016. We measured the personality schema of patients by using the Young Schema Questionnaire—Short Form (YSQ-SF; Young, 1994). On the other hand, patients’ clinical findings and severity of asthma were assessed by spirometry and the Asthma Control Test (ACT) questionnaire. Results: Uncontrolled (ACT score < 20) and controlled (ACT score ≥ 20) asthma had significant defect in ‘Disconnection domain’ (p = 0.001). Also, significant reverse linear correlation was found between FEV₁ and ‘Disconnection domain’, ‘Rejection’ schema area (r = –0.29, p = 0.03), and ‘Over vigilance domain’ (r = –0,36, p = 0.01). Whereas, significant reverse linear correlation was revealed between FEV₁/FVC and Over vigilance domain (r = –0.41, p = 0.003). Conclusion: EMSs possibly have potential effects on clinical characteristics and severity of asthma in asthmatic patients.
Development of Bronchiectasis during Long-Term Rituximab Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Santos Víctor , Tobón Gabriel , Cañas Carlos
Published: December 2018

Here are the cases of three female patients who received long-term rituximab treatment for seropositive, erosive and deforming rheumatoid arthritis were reported. After rituximab treatment, they presented with recurrent sinusitis and pneumonia, followed by the subsequent development of bronchiectasis. A temporal relationship between rituximab treatment and the onset of respiratory complications was exposed as a possible pathogenic mechanism.
A Validated Routine Method for Butyltin Determination in Seafood by Gas Chromatography Inductively Coupled Plasma Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Valdersnes Stig , Solli Berit , Sele Veronika , Julshamn Kåre
Published: December 2018

Organotin compounds are anthropogenic metal species with multiple uses as pesticides, preservatives, antifouling agents, biocides, and catalysts. Butyltins are the main organotin compounds found in biota, and the highest levels are found in marine foodstuffs. In this paper, we present the figures of merit for an in-house validated method for routine analysis of butyltins in seafood using GC inductively coupled plasma isotope dilution MS. The working range of the method spanned several orders of magnitude from 3.3–1013, 2.4–785, and 0.3–900 ng Sn/g dry weight for monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT), and tributyltin (TBT), respectively. The trueness of the method was evaluated by analyzing Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) ERM CRM 477 (Mussel Tissue) and NIES CRM 15 (Scallop). Recoveries, with RSD % in parentheses, were 78 (±14), 80 (±6), and 88% (±8%) for MBT, DBT, and TBT in ERM CRM 477 and 96% (±5%) for TBT in NIES CRM 15. Good agreements were found between experimental uncertainties and uncertainties predicted for single-laboratory validated methods calculated from the maximum standard measurement uncertainty function. The method has proven to be robust, and the wide range of seafood validated ensures that the method is applicable for measuring butyltins in marine tissue.
Social Construction of Nuclear Risks: Analysis of Institutional Communicative Discourses on Astravets Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Vilčinskas Vidas
Published: December 2018

The paper is located within scholarly fields of risk sociology and nuclear risk communication. It employs the Belarusian Astravets Nuclear Power Plant (BelNPP) case to show how political entities discursively construct the understanding of nuclear risks. The BelNPP is an important case in a broader European region, and especially – for Belarus and Lithuania, due to its debated safety and impacts. The analysis of political institutional communicative discourses, as taking place in the national governments and parliaments in Belarus and Lithuania, was performed as part of the master thesis research. The empirical basis consisted of 132 texts, published during 2012–2017 and defined as official institutional press releases. The theoretical explanatory model included theories of discursive institutionalism, agenda-setting and issue-framing. The results show that the discourse is dominated by the ‘safety’ topic. The Belarusian discourse more frequently communicates BelNPP in a detailed technical manner and dominant frames attenuate the associated risks. The Lithuanian discourse focuses on political aspects and uses issue frames that amplify the socially constructed risk.
The evaluation of the surface micro-hardness values in different depth of resin blocks
Authors: Bek Kürklü Zeliha Gonca , Yoldaş Hamdi Oğuz
Published: December 2018

Objective: Computer-aided
design and manufacturing technology has shown great improvement in dentistry
since the 1980s. This technology is based on a one-stage restoration using
prefabricated blocks. Two main types of materials are used during CAD / CAM
indirect restorations:  glass-ceramic /
ceramic and resin composite. CAD / CAM resin blocks are polymerized under high
temperature and pressure. Polymerization depth affects the surface hardness of
composite resins. When preparing a restoration, different depth layers of the
resin block are used. The aim of this study is to show that adequate
polymerization is achieved in each layer of the resin blocks and that the
hardness of each layer is the same. Two composite resin block materials and one
hybrid resin block material were included in this study.

Material and
method: The CAD/CAM block materials evaluated in this study were Cerasmart,
Lava  and Vita Enamic Square specimens
(n=5/material) of approximate dimensions 10×10×2 mm blocks were sectioned (5
slices/block) from commercially available CAD-CAM materials using a diamond saw
(exakt 300 cl Apparatebau, Norderstedt, Germany) with water cooling. All
specimens were abraded followed by 500,1200,2500 grid using SiC abrasive paper
(exakt 400 cs Apparatebau, , Norderstedt, Germany). After storage in distilled
water at 37 °C for 24 hours the Knoop hardness test was performed using a
hardness testing machine (Buehler MMT 3 digital micro hardness tester, Lake
Bluff, IL, USA) using a load of 500 gf and a loading time of 10s.

Results: The
material with the highest hardness number was Vita Enamic block, whereas the
lowest numbered group was the Cerasmart. The rank order of surface hardness was
as follows: Vita Enamic> Lava Ultimate >Cerasmart.

Conclusion: The
hardness measurements of the layers of blocks were similar.
The Perceptions and Attitudes of Dentists Towards Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Reports
Authors: ÖZDEDE Melih , PEKER İlkay , ALTUNKAYNAK Bülent , ÜÇOK Özlem
Published: December 2018

Objectives: Radiology reports are the most important method of
communication between the clinician and the radiologist. In dentomaxillofacial
radiology, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) reporting is a new subject. The
purpose of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction and expectations of
dentists from CBCT reporting as well as contributing to standardization and improvement
in the quality of CBCT reports. Materials and Methods: Dentists were invited to participate in the survey by
e-mail. The participants filled out a survey with their demographic data and
responded to 14 questions regarding CBCT reports. The responses regarding
gender, age, title, institution, and department were analysed and compared with
chi-square tests. Results: In total, 185 dentists (97 females and 88 males) participated in the
study. Participants reported that the adequacy level of the reports were mostly
moderate (47%) and that the source of adequate reports was university hospitals
(49.2%). Most dentists (57%) reported that they needed a consultant radiologist
in clinical practice on a part time basis. There was a statistically
significant difference (p<0.05) between participants’ genders, age groups, titles,
and departments regarding the source of the adequate reports.

Conclusions: The results of this study showed that most of the
dentists were not satisfied about the proficiency of CBCT reports. More than
half of those surveyed thought that “not reading” the radiology reports might
give them a legal liability. Most dentists wanted to consult with the
radiologist before and after patient examinations.
Comparison of Anxiety and Perception Levels of Patients Undergoing Initial Periodontal Treatment Using Different Instruments
Authors: LEKTEMÜR ALPAN Aysan
Published: December 2018

Objectives The aim of this
study is to compare perception and anxiety levels of patients who are received
different anesthesia and instruments prior to periodontal treatment.Material
and MethodsThe study performed in the Periodontology Department
of Pamukkale University’s Faculty of Dentistry (October 2017 - February 2018)
and was designed as a case control study. 60 periodontitis patients were
divided into 6 groups:  1-Local piezo,
2-Topical piezo, 3- Piezo, 4-Local hand instrument, 5-Topical hand instrument,
6- Hand instrument. Topical groups were received xylocain spray, local groups
were received jetocain ampoule. Patients were asked to fill dental anxiety
scale (DAS)  scale before the treatment
and 10th day. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was filled out on the
day of treatment, on the second day and on the 10th day following
treatment. Clinical measurements were taken on the treatment day and on the 30th
day.ResultsThere
was a significant decrease in clinical measurements in all groups. Local
anesthesia groups revealed lower VAS pain values (p<00.5) compared to other
groups on the day of the procedure. Topical anesthesia groups revealed lower
VAS pain values as compared to the piezo and hand instrument groups,
respectively (p>00.5). The
ultrasonic groups exhibited lower DAS scores than the hand instrument groups
(p>00.5).ConclusionLocal anesthesia provided better patients cooperation
and VAS pain scores, but did not yield good speech and chewing scores. Topical
anesthesia and piezo may be more useful to patients with dental anxiety.
Elongation or Angulation of Styloid Process: Discussion with a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: ŞENER Elif , GÜRHAN Ceyda , CEYLAN Naim , GÜNERİ Pelin
Published: December 2018

Styloid process of temporal bone is a pointed projection from the petrous part of temporal bone which ranges with an average of 25 mm in length, and any process longer than 30 mm is defined as the "Elongated Styloid Process”. In asymptomatic cases, diagnosis is usually made with routine radiological examination, but morphological aspects of styloid process can be eva­luated with different imaging modalities. Although digital panoramic radiographs are sufficiently accurate for the diagnosis of elongated styloid process, multislice computed tomography scan with 3D reconstruction can further assist in determining the actual length and correct relationship with the surrounding adjacent anatomical structures. The aim of this case report is to investigate the morphological characteristics of an unilateral elongated styloid process (ESP) using both conventional and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) on a 55 year old asymptomatic male patient and to review the literature.
A Comparison of the Water Absorption and Water Solubility Values of Four Different Composite Resin Materials
Authors: CANGÜL Suzan , ADIGÜZEL Özkan , TEKİN Samet , ÖZTEKİN Faruk , SATICI Ömer
Published: December 2018

Objectives: The aim of
this study was to compare the water absorption and water solubility of four
different composte resin materials.

Materials and methods: A total of
40 cylindrical discs were prepared and polymerised with light, as 10 from each
group, each sample 2mm in depth and 8mm in diameter. The samples were kept for
24 hrs in a dessicator until a stable weight was reached. Then, the weight of
each sample was measured on highly sensitive scales. To calculate the water
absorption and solubility, measurements were made again with the sensitive
scales at the end of 1, 7 and 30 days. The data obtained were evaluated with
One-Way ANOVA variance analysis and the Friedman test.

Results: As a result of the statistical
analyses, significant differences were determined between the composite resins
in respect of water absorption on days 7 and 30 and in respect of solubility on day 30 only.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that the negative
mechanical, physical and biological effects created by the water absorption and
water solubility factors of restorative materials are important issues that
should be taken into consideration.
Çürüksüz Servikal Bölge Diş Sert Doku Kayıplarında Universal Adeziv Kullanılarak Yapılan Restorasyonların FDI Kriterlerine Göre Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: İSLATİCE ÖZKUBAT Gözde , YAMAN Batu Can , TEPE Hatice , IRMAK Özgür
Published: December 2018

Aim:  This study aimed to compare the different
application modes of universal bonding agents on non-carious cervical
lesions. 

Material and method:  Twenty-five patients without any systemic
disease and with good oral hygiene, having at least 20 teeth and 6 non-carious
cervical lesions treated using a universal adhesive and nano hybrid composite
material were selected among the patients who were treated at Department of
Restorative Dentistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University between January
2015-March 2015. The 246 restorations included in the study were evaluated
according to FDI criteria at 18-month follow-up. Each bonding mode was analyzed
by Friedman analysis and Dunn’s binary comparison test. Relation between the
categorical mode variate and the scores were analyzed by Pearson Chi-square
analysis (p=0.05).

Results: There was no
significant difference between the application modes at 18-month period
regarding surface luster, surface staining, color match and translucency,
esthetic anatomical form, marginal adaptation, post operative sensitivity,
caries recurrence, erosion, abfraction, tooth integrity and periodontal
response. Marginal discoloration, fracture and retention, and the patient's
view criterias showed a significant difference in terms of the application
modes at 18-month follow-up. Esthetic anatomic form, patient's view, and tooth
integrity were not significantly different between evaluation periods
(p>0.05).

Conclusion: SE mode showed
significantly worse scores than that of TE and SLE modes. Further studies are
needed to evaluate the clinical performance of universal adhesives.
The Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Titanium Prepared Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Early Soft Tissue Healing of Extraction Sites
Authors: ERCAN Esra
Published: December 2018

Objective: Physiological changes start after
tooth extraction. Some post-operative symptoms may accompany this healing
period, and affect patient's life quality. Many techniques have been developed
to promote healing soft and hard tissue and improve patient's life quality. So,
the aim of this study was to compare the early soft tissue healing of
extraction sites treated with leucocyte-platelet rich fibrin (L-PRF), titanium
prepared platelet rich fibrin (T-PRF) and non-treated control sites.

Material&Methods:A total of
42 single root teeth were enrolled to study. Extraction site was treated by
L-PRF or T-PRF. Spontanous healing sockets were considered as control sites. Landy
Wound Healing Index (LWH) scores and H2O2 bubbling test
results for complete wound epithelization (CWE) were recorded at 1st
and 2nd week. Also, the patient was requested to record the VAS scale
and the number of analgesics that taken during two days after extraction.

Results: The LWH were statistically significantly improved for all
groups at 2nd week according to 1st week (p<0.05). However there was no
difference among three groups in each week. According to H2O2
bubbling test results, the
CWE ratio at 1st week was 7.1%, 53,3% and 69.2% of control, L-PRF and T-PRF
groups, respectively. The control group rate of CWE was statistically
significantly lower than both of the test groups (p<0.05). Both of the test groups at 2nd week showed
100% CWE, however this rate was only 35.7% of control group. The VAS score, at
1st day,  was statistically
significantly higher at control group than both of the test groups at first day
(p<0.05). There was
non-significant difference among groups at 2nd day. There wass also
non-significant difference among groups with regard to number of analgesics.

Conclusion:
Both T-PRF and L-PRF, which are completely autologous biomaterials, enhance
wound epithelzation and reduced post-op discomfort at extraction sockets.
Searching the effect of anodization process as a surface treatment
Authors: COŞKUN Mehmet , AKAR Türker , ÇIRAK Burcu
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of anodization and air-particle abrasion surface treatments on shear bond strength between Ni-Cr and ceramics.Material and Methods: 30 cylindrical Ni-Cr specimens (7x10 mm) were divided into three groups according to the surface treatments [control group (no-treatment), air-particle abrasion group (110 µm Al2O3at 75 psi from 20 cm for 30 seconds), and anodization group]. One sample from each group was evaluated by using SEM. Ceramics with a dimension (5x3 mm) built-up on specimens and shear bond strength tests were performed by using universal testing machine with a 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Stereomicroscope was used to evaluate the failure mode of specimens. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s test was used to analyze the differences in shear bond strength values.Results: The shear bond strength of air-particle abrasion (21,35∓4,64) was higher than anodization group (20,92∓4,85) however, no statistically significant difference was detected. Both groups showed higher bond strength than control group (8,02∓1,47).Conclusion: Anodization process can be used in order to increase the metal-ceramic bond strength. However, according to the failure mode, air-particle abrasion forms stronger bond strength than anodization.
Histomorphometric Assessment of the Impact of Bovine Demineralized Bone Graft on Bone Healing Versus Autogenous, Allogeneic and Synthetic Grafts in Experimentally- Induced Critical Size Bone Defects in Rats
Authors: HOCAOĞLU Turgay Peyami , GENÇOĞLAN Sadık , ARSLAN Murat , BENLİDAYI M. Emre , KÜRKÇÜ Mehmet
Published: December 2018

Aim: Bone tissue has the ability to heal itself (regeneration) and may
restore its morphology and function when injured. However, healing
may be limited in the case of large wounds. A “critical-size defect” is
an intraosseous wound in a particular bone and species of animal that
will not heal spontaneously morphologically and functionally during
the lifetime of the animal. Autogenous bone grafts have been regarded
as “gold standard” for treatment of critical-size bone defects. Known
drawbacks of autogenous bone graft have led to research efforts
focusing on different graft materials and resulted in several alternative
substitutes including xenografts, allografts and synthetic graft
materials.
The aim of the present study was to perform a histomorphometric study
to investigate the effect of bovine demineralized bone graft on bone
healing in comparison to autogenous, allogeneic and synthetic graft
materials when applied into critical size bone defects with a diameter
of 5 mm.
Materials and methods: Experimental animals were divided into 4
groups, each having 8 rats. In the control group, a mandibular defect
was created and then filled with a bovine graft (Integros Bone Plus XS
Adana/Turkey). In the experimental groups, autogenous bone was
reinserted into the critical-size defect which was created using a
trephine bur in Group I (autogenous group) and Group II received a
human graft (Korea Bone Bank (KBB) Gasandong Keumcheongu
Seoul/South Korea) to fill the critical-size defect. For Group III, a
synthetic bone graft β-tricalcium phosphate (Cerasorb North
Carolina/USA) was applied on the critical-size bone defect. Specimens
were obtained for histomorphometric examination and rats were
sacrificed on day 28.
Results: Histomorphometric examination performed on day 28 to
evaluate the relative effects of different graft materials on new bone
formation showed no significant difference in the volume of newly
formed bone between groups receiving autogenous bone graft, allograft
and bovine xenograft but a significant difference was observed versus
synthetic bone graft group.
Conclusion: While autogenous bone graft is currently regarded as the
gold standard for bone regeneration, the difficulties in harvesting and
application of autografts limit their use. Our results demonstrate that
bovine bone graft may be used as a safe and effective alternative to
autogenous bone graft.
Boundaries Around, Boundaries Within: Introduction to the Thematic Section on the Translation Profession, Translator Status and Identity
Authors: Ruokonen Minna , Salmi Leena , Svahn Elin
Published: December 2018

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Through Women’s Eyes. Conference Interpreters’ Self-Perceived Status in a Gendered Perspective
Authors: Gentile Paola
Published: December 2018

This paper aims to analyse the differences between female and male conference interpreters’ self-perceived status. Several studies (Angelelli 2004; Katan 2011; Zwischenberger 2011) indicate that women make up most of the professionals working in the translational professions, but little academic attention has been devoted to the question as to whether female and male interpreters have different attitudes towards their profession and their self-perceived status. Sociological studies on feminised professions suggest that women are generally underestimated in the workplace, which leads to them to perceive their status as lower compared to their male colleagues (Cortina/San Román 2006). To test whether this phenomenon was experienced by conference interpreters as well, the responses of a world survey (n = 805) were analysed, with a special focus on interpreters’ self-perception of the status, prestige and social value of their profession. The results showed that, when asked to evaluate their self-perceived status, there were hardly any differences between the scores obtained by female and male interpreters. However, major differences emerged when men and women expressed their opinions on the way they think their work is seen by laypeople, showing that female interpreters perceive their status as far lower than their male counterparts do.