bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal changes in plankton diversity in relation to hydrographical characteristics at Perumal Lake, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Aravinth Annamalai , Kannan Radhakrishnan , Chinnadurai Gunasekaran , Manickam Narasimman , Raju Piliyan , Perumal Pachiappan , Santhanam Perumal
Published: March 2023

Background

The fresh water environment supports the productivity of phyto- and zooplankters and fin and shell fishes. The rate of fish productivity of an aquatic ecosystem solely depends on the rate of plankton productivity, and which in turn critically depend on the concentration and variation of hydrographical features. The current investigation was focused on the distributional pattern of phyto- and zooplankton vis-à-vis physicochemical characteristics in Perumal Lake, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu State (India).

Results

The hydrographical factors and phytoplankton as well as zooplankton diversity were studied at the monthly interval of 12 months by following the standard methods in freshwater of Perumal Lake from September 2018 to August 2019. Presently a total of 15 species of phytoplankton and 15 species of zooplankton were recorded in Perumal Lake. The present study reveals good variation in the hydrographical characteristics, such as temperature (24.2–30.1 °C), turbidity (10.4–43.2 NTU), total suspended solids (300.2–1800.8 mg/L), conductivity (3.25–10.54 mhos/cm), pH (6.92–8.2), total hardness (8.58–23.8 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (2.8–7.26 mg/L), dissolved carbon dioxide (0.96–13.2 mg/L), chloride (1.92–23.8 mg/L), nitrate (0.28–3.18 mg/L), sulphate (1.1–8.2 mg/L) and phosphate (0.19–3.34 mg/L).

Conclusions

The findings of the present study indicate that the temperature has influence on phytoplankton as well as zooplankton diversity of species. Regular monitoring of hydro-biological parameters is necessary to assess the health of the lake ecosystem.
Mother and father depression symptoms and child emotional difficulties: a network model
Authors: Martin Alex F. , Maughan Barbara , Konac Deniz , Barker Edward D.
Published: March 2023

Background

Mother and father depression symptoms often co-occur, and together can have a substantial impact on child emotional well-being. Little is understood about symptom-level mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of depression symptoms within families.

Aims

The objective was to use network analysis to examine depression symptoms in mothers and fathers after having a baby, and emotional symptoms in children in early adolescence.

Method

We examined data from 4492 mother–father–child trios taken from a prospective, population-based cohort in the UK. Symptoms were examined using two unregularised partial correlation network models. The initial model was used to examine the pattern of associations, i.e. the overall network structure, for mother and father depression symptoms, and then to identify bridge symptoms that reinforce depression symptoms between parents during offspring infancy. The second model examined associations between the parent symptom network, including bridge symptoms, with later child emotional difficulties.

Results

The study included 4492 mother–father–child trios; 2204 (49.1%) children were female. Bridge symptoms reinforcing mother and father depression symptoms were feeling guilty and self-harm ideation. For mothers, the bridge symptom of feeling guilty, and symptoms of anhedonia, panic and sadness were highly connected with child emotional difficulties. For fathers, the symptom of feeling overwhelmed associated with child emotional difficulties. Guilt and anhedonia in fathers appeared to indirectly associate with child emotional difficulties through the same symptom in mothers.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that specific symptom cascades are central for co-occurring depression in parents and increased vulnerability in children, providing potential therapeutic targets.
Implementation of Systematic Financial Screening in an Outpatient Breast Oncology Setting
Authors: Beauchemin Melissa P. , DeStephano David , Raghunathan Rohit , Harden Erik , Accordino Melissa , Hillyer Grace C. , Kahn Justine M. , May Benjamin L. , Mei Billy , Rosenblat Todd , Law Cynthia , Elkin Elena B. , Kukafka Rita , Wright Jason D. , Hershman Dawn L.
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE

Implementation of routine financial screening is a critical step toward mitigating financial toxicity. We evaluated the feasibility, sustainability, and acceptability of systematic financial screening in the outpatient breast oncology clinic at a large, urban cancer center.

METHODS

We developed and implemented a stakeholder-informed process to systematically screen for financial hardship and worry. A 2-item assessment in English or Spanish was administered to patients through the electronic medical record portal or using paper forms. We evaluated completion rates and mode of completion. Through feedback from patients, clinicians, and staff, we identified strategies to improve completion rates and acceptability.

RESULTS

From March, 2021, to February, 2022, 3,500 patients were seen in the breast oncology clinic. Of them, 39% (n = 1,349) responded to the screening items, either by paper or portal, 12% (n = 437) preferred not to answer, and the remaining 49% (n = 1,714) did not have data in their electronic health record, meaning they were not offered screening or did not complete the paper forms. Young adults (18-39 years) were more likely to respond compared with patients 70 years or older (61% v 30%, P < .01). English-preferring patients were more likely to complete the screening compared with those who preferred Spanish (46% v 28%, P < .01). Non-Hispanic White patients were more likely to respond compared with Non-Hispanic Black patients and with Hispanic patients (46% v 39% v 32%, P < .01). Strategies to improve completion rates included partnering with staff to facilitate paper form administration, optimizing patient engagement with the portal, and clearly communicating the purpose of the screening.

CONCLUSION

Systematic financial screening is feasible, and electronic data capture facilitates successful implementation. However, inclusive procedures that address language and technology preferences are needed to optimize screening.
Open questions in marine mammal sensory research
Authors: De Vreese Steffen , Sørensen Kenneth , Biolsi Kristy , Fasick Jeffry I. , Reidenberg Joy S. , Hanke Frederike D.
Published: March 2023

Although much research has focused on marine mammal sensory systems over the last several decades, we still lack basic knowledge for many of the species within this diverse group of animals. Our conference workshop allowed all participants to present recent developments in the field and culminated in discussions on current knowledge gaps. This report summarizes open questions regarding marine mammal sensory ecology and will hopefully serve as a platform for future research.
Ratiometric sensing of Pnt and Yan transcription factor levels confers ultrasensitivity to photoreceptor fate transitions in Drosophila
Authors: Bernasek Sebastian M. , Hur Suzy S. J. , Peláez-Restrepo Nicolás , Boisclair Lachance Jean-François , Bakker Rachael , Navarro Heliodoro Tejedor , Sanchez-Luege Nicelio , Amaral Luís A. N. , Bagheri Neda , Rebay Ilaria , Carthew Richard W.
Published: March 2023

Cell state transitions are often triggered by large changes in the concentrations of transcription factors and therefore large differences in their stoichiometric ratios. Whether cells can elicit transitions using modest changes in the ratios of co-expressed factors is unclear. Here, we investigate how cells in the Drosophila eye resolve state transitions by quantifying the expression dynamics of the ETS transcription factors Pnt and Yan. Eye progenitor cells maintain a relatively constant ratio of Pnt/Yan protein, despite expressing both proteins with pulsatile dynamics. A rapid and sustained twofold increase in the Pnt/Yan ratio accompanies transitions to photoreceptor fates. Genetic perturbations that modestly disrupt the Pnt/Yan ratio produce fate transition defects consistent with the hypothesis that transitions are normally driven by a twofold shift in the ratio. A biophysical model based on cooperative Yan-DNA binding coupled with non-cooperative Pnt-DNA binding illustrates how twofold ratio changes could generate ultrasensitive changes in target gene transcription to drive fate transitions. Thus, coupling cell state transitions to the Pnt/Yan ratio sensitizes the system to modest fold-changes, conferring robustness and ultrasensitivity to the developmental program.
SLC25A46 promotes mitochondrial fission and mediates resistance to lipotoxic stress in INS-1E insulin-secreting cells
Authors: Santo-Domingo Jaime , Lassueur Steve , Galindo Antonio Núñez , Alvarez-Illera Pilar , Romero-Sanz Silvia , Caldero-Escudero Elena , de la Fuente Sergio , Dayon Loïc , Wiederkehr Andreas
Published: March 2023

Glucose sensing in pancreatic β-cells depends on oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondria-derived signals that promote insulin secretion. Using mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics to search for downstream effectors of glucose-dependent signal transduction in INS-1E insulinoma cells, we identified the outer mitochondrial membrane protein SLC25A46. Under resting glucose concentrations, SLC25A46 was phosphorylated on a pair of threonine residues (T44/T45) and was dephosphorylated in response to glucose-induced Ca2+ signals. Overexpression of SLC25A46 in INS-1E cells caused complete mitochondrial fragmentation, resulting in a mild mitochondrial defect associated with lowered glucose-induced insulin secretion. In contrast, inactivation of the Slc25a46 gene resulted in dramatic mitochondrial hyperfusion, without affecting respiratory activity or insulin secretion. Consequently, SLC25A46 is not essential for metabolism–secretion coupling under normal nutrient conditions. Importantly, insulin-secreting cells lacking SLC25A46 had an exacerbated sensitivity to lipotoxic conditions, undergoing massive apoptosis when exposed to palmitate. Therefore, in addition to its role in mitochondrial dynamics, SLC25A46 plays a role in preventing mitochondria-induced apoptosis in INS-E cells exposed to nutrient stress. By protecting mitochondria, SLC25A46 might help to maintain β-cell mass essential for blood glucose control.
Ανάλυση και προτυποποίηση γραμμών παραγωγής με γραμμική και μη γραμμική ροή των υλικών και προϊόντων
Authors: Διαμαντίδης Αλέξανδρος
Published: March 2023

Η εργασία αυτή ασχολείται κυρίως με την ανάπτυξη αλγορίθμων οι οποίοι θα συμβάλουν στην ανάλυση των βιομηχανικών συστημάτων στα οποία η ροή των προϊόντων μπορεί να είναι είτε γραμμική είτε μη γραμμική. Πιο συγκεκριμένα η εργασία αυτή αποτελείται από πέντε κεφάλαια: Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται μια εισαγωγή στα βιομηχανικά συστήματα στηνοποία περιγράφονται οι κατηγορίες των βιομηχανικών συστημάτων που συναντώνται στην πράξη και στις αναλύσεις στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται οι μέθοδοι ανάλυσης των βιομηχανικών συστημάτων που χρησιμοποιούνται στη σχεδίαση, ανάλυση και βελτιστοποίησή τους. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο δίνεται ένας αλγόριθμος για τον προσδιορισμό της απόδοσης ενός βιομηχανικού συστήματος στο οποίο πραγματοποιούνται εργασίες συγχώνευσης,γεγονός που οδηγεί σε μη γραμμική ροή των υλικών και προϊόντων, τα οποία είναι ενός τύπου μόνον. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο εξετάζεται ένα βιομηχανικό σύστημα παρόμοιο με αυτό τουτρίτου κεφαλαίου (δηλαδή πραγματοποιούνται πάλι εργασίες συγχώνευσης), αλλά μετη σημαντική διαφορά ότι το σύστημα αυτό μπορεί να παράγει περισσότερα του ενός τύπου προϊόντα. Η τελευταία αυτή υπόθεση αυξάνει κατά πολύ την πολυπλοκότητα του συστήματος.Το πέμπτο και τελευταίο κεφάλαιο της εργασίας ασχολείται με την εύρεση ενός αλγόριθμου για τον προσδιορισμό της απόδοσης ενός βιομηχανικού συστήματος στο οποίο κάθε σταθμός εργασίας αποτελείται από παράλληλες μηχανές επεξεργασίας. Η ανάλυση των βιομηχανικών συστημάτων που εξετάζονται και στα τρία μέρη τηςεργασίας με σκοπό τον προσδιορισμό της απόδοσής τους, γίνεται επεκτείνοντας τη μέθοδο της αποσύνθεσης (decomposition method) που αρχικά είχε χρησιμοποιηθείγια απλούστερα βιομηχανικά συστήματα.
Η επιρροή του διαπολιτισμικού κεφαλαίου στη διαπολιτισμική ικανότητα των εκπαιδευτικών
Authors: Γιάκη Σπυριδούλα
Published: March 2023

Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή επιχειρεί να θέσει τις βάσεις για τη θεωρητική τεκμηρίωση του διαπολιτισμικού κεφαλαίου. Η έννοια αυτή διατυπώθηκε πρόσφατα από τον Andreas Pöllmann και δεν έχει διερευνηθεί συστηματικά στην παγκόσμια βιβλιογραφία. Η διερεύνηση της έννοιας στην Ελλάδα απουσιάζει εντελώς, αν και είναι ιδιαίτερα σημαντική λόγω της ενδυνάμωσης του πολυπολιτισμικού προφίλ της χώρας και της εισροής προσφύγων και μεταναστών τα τελευταία χρόνια. Το διαπολιτισμικό κεφάλαιο μπορεί να λειτουργήσει ως δείκτης της κοινωνικοπολιτισμικής διαφοράς, δίνοντας έμφαση στην σφαίρα των σχέσεων και των επαφών που δημιουργούνται ανάμεσα σε διαφορετικές κουλτούρες, στις οποίες διατηρούνται και μεταφέρονται οι «πολιτισμικές ιδιαιτερότητες» της κάθε πλευράς. Επιπλέον, η έννοια του διαπολιτισμικού κεφαλαίου μπορεί να λειτουργήσει ως ένα πλαίσιο για την ανάλυση των σχέσεων μεταξύ εκπαιδευτικού υπόβαθρου και πολιτισμικών/παιδαγωγικών προτύπων των εκπαιδευτικών στην προσπάθειά τους να καταστούν φορείς κοινωνικής αλλαγής και συμπερίληψης. Ένα ενισχυμένο διαπολιτισμικό κεφάλαιο δύναται να οδηγήσει σε επιλογές με μεγαλύτερο όφελος για την προσωπική και επαγγελματική ανάπτυξη των εκπαιδευτικών, οδηγώντας έτσι στην πρόληψη των φαινομένων του κοινωνικού αποκλεισμού, του ρατσισμού και του εθνοκεντρικού τρόπου σκέψης. Η οικοδόμηση ενός σύγχρονου διαπολιτισμικού κεφαλαίου στοχεύει σε μια κοινωνία συμπερίληψης και μετασχηματισμού και συνυφαίνεται με την κατάκτηση της διαπολιτισμικής ικανότητας. Η πολυσχιδής ερευνητική μεθοδολογία που υιοθετείται αφορά στην Κλίμακα Ποσοτικής Εκτίμησης του Κοινωνικού Κεφαλαίου (Social Capital Questionnaire – SCQ), στην Κλίμακα Διαπολιτισμικής Ανάπτυξης (Intercultural Development Inventory – IDI) καθώς και στις αφηγήσεις ζωής τριάντα εκπαιδευτικών σε Ελλάδα και Αυστραλία. Μέσα από την τριγωνοποίηση των δεδομένων και την ενδελεχή βιβλιογραφική τεκμηρίωση φαίνεται πώς το διαπολιτισμικό κεφάλαιο μπορεί να λειτουργήσει ως στρατηγική ανάπτυξης της διαπολιτισμικής ικανότητας. Ένα πρωτογενές habitus που έχει συγκροτηθεί στις αρχές της αποδοχής και της αμοιβαιότητας δύναται να οδηγήσει σε έναν διαπολιτισμικά ανοικτό εκπαιδευτικό. Αν αυτή η ανοικτότητα μετασχηματιστεί σε διαπολιτισμική ικανότητα, εξαρτάται από μία σειρά παραγόντων όπως είναι η συμμετοχή στα δίκτυα, οι θρησκευτικές πεποιθήσεις, οι κοινωνικές σχέσεις, τα βιώματα, η δυναμική του οικογενειακού και σχολικού πεδίου καθώς και η εκπαίδευση. Τέλος, καίριο ρόλο στη συγκρότηση του διαπολιτισμικού κεφαλαίου αλλά και στην ανάπτυξη της διαπολιτισμικής ικανότητας κατέχουν τα βιώματα του εκπαιδευτικού, ειδικά εκείνα που σχετίζονται με το τραύμα που μπορεί να προέρχεται από κοινωνικό αποκλεισμό.
Η θεολογία των αδελφών Προχόρου και Δημητρίου Κυδώνη και η συνοδική της καταδίκη (1368)
Authors: Γιουβάνη Αναστασία
Published: March 2023

H παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή εκθέτει τη διδασκαλία του Προχόρου και Δημητρίου Κυδώνη. Η μελέτη στοχεύει να αναδείξει τον σημαντικό ρόλο των αδελφών Κυδώνη στη συνάντηση Ορθόδοξης και Σχολαστικής Θεολογίας, με απώτερο στόχο την ανάλυση και ερμηνεία της δογματικής τους διδασκαλίας. Αξίζει να σημειωθεί ότι η ιστορικοδογματική διερύνηση της Θεολογίας των αδελφών Κυδώνη διαπερνά τις εκκλησιαστικοπολιτικές εξελίξεις και την ερμηνεία της ησυχαστικής έριδας που συνετάραξαν τον ΙΔ’ αιώνα. Ο Πρόχορος και ο Δημήτριος Κυδώνης υπήρξαν φιλομαθείς και πολύπλευρες προσωπικότητες, χάρη στη γνώση της λατινικής γλώσσας που διέθεταν, διοχέτευσαν το κοινό τους ενδιαφέρον για τη σχολαστική Θεολογία στον κόσμο του Βυζαντίου. Ο Πρόχορος προβληματίστηκε ιδιαίτερα με βαθιάς φύσεως δογματικά ζητήματα και ιδιαίτερα με την διάκριση θείας ουσίας και θείων ενεργειών. Ως οπαδός της ακινάτειας Θεολογίας, αποδέχτηκε μια ουσία και ενέργεια , την ουσία του Θεού, αρνούμενος την περί Θαβωρίου φωτός διδασκαλία του Γρηγορίου Παλαμά. Η Θεολογία του Προχόρου καταδικάστηκε στην Σύνοδο του 1368, με την οποία κλείνει ο κύκλος των ησυχαστικών ερίδων. Ο Δημήτριος Κυδώνης σε αντίθεση με τον Πρόχορο, ασχολήθηκε με προβλήματα που έθεταν σε διχασμό την Ανατολή και τη Δύση. Το σπουδαιότερο ζήτημα που τον απασχόλησε υπήρξε η εκπόρευση του Αγίου Πνεύματος. Η ενασχόληση του με το ζήτημα του ησυχασμού και της διδασκαλίας του αγίου Γρηγορίου Παλαμά συνδέεται άρρηκτα με την καταδίκη του αδελφού του Προχόρου το 1368. Ο Δημήτριος παράλληλα με την πολιτική του δραστηριότητα ως πολιτικός αξιωματούχος της ύστερης βυζαντινής περιόδου, υπήρξε φιλοδυτικός αντιπαλαμιστής θεολόγος και μεταφραστής δυτικών εκκλησιαστικών συγγραφέων. Για την πληρέστερη κατανόηση του έργου και της διδασκαλίας των αδελφών Κυδώνη προτάσσεται στο πρώτο μέρος της εργασίας, ο βίος, η δράση και η συγγραφική δραστηριότητα του Προχόρου και του Δημητρίου. Παράλληλα εκτείθεται συνολικά η συγγραφική τους δραστηριότητα, τόσο η εκδοθείσα όσο και η χειρόγραφη. Επίσης παρουσιάζεται η κατάτμηση των έργων τους, με βάση το περιεχόμενό τους. Το δεύτερο μέρος, υπεισέρχεται στην ερμηνεία της δογματική Θεολογίας του Προχόρου και Δημητρίου Κυδώνη. Το τρίτο μέρος, προσεγγίζει ερμηνευτικά τη Χριστολογία και Τριαδολογία του Δημητρίου Κυδώνη. Το τέταρτο μέρος, επικεντρώνεται στη μελέτη της συνόδου του 1368, η οποία καταδίκασε τη Χριστολογία του Προχόρου. Επίκεντρο της μελέτης αποτελεί η δογματική Θεολογία που πραγματεύεται ο Πρόχορος, το περιεχόμενο των αιρετικών αποκλίσεων, η συνοδική αντιμετώπιση των επιχειρημάτων του αγιορείτη μοναχού. Ενώ στο τελευταίο μέρος, εξετάζεται η αντίδραση του αδελφού του Δημητρίου μέσω των γραπτών απολογιών του.
Αρχαία ελληνική και ρωμαϊκή αρχιτεκτονική στον ελλαδικό χώρο σε κείμενα ταξιδιωτών του 18ου αιώνα
Authors: Τζωρτζακάκης Ιωάννης
Published: March 2023

Σκοπός της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι να συμβάλλει στην ερμηνεία της αρχαίας ελληνικής και ρωμαϊκής αρχιτεκτονικής του ελλαδικού χώρου μέσα από την ταξιδιωτική λογοτεχνία του 18ου αιώνα. Η μελέτη πραγματοποιείται υπό το πρίσμα της Ιστορίας της Τέχνης, επιστρατεύοντας τη θεωρία της αισθητικής της πρόσληψης. Στην πορεία της εργασίας παρακολουθούμε, αρχικά, ταξιδιωτικά κείμενα τα οποία φανερώνουν ένα διαχρονικό ενδιαφέρον για τον πολιτισμό και την τέχνη στον ελλαδικό χώρο. Από αυτές τις περιπτώσεις μελέτης είμαστε σε θέση να παρατηρήσουμε ότι αυτό το ενδιαφέρον δεν ταυτιζόταν αποκλειστικά με τον αρχαίο ελληνικό ή τον ρωμαϊκό πολιτισμό, αλλά και με τον βυζαντινό και με τον οθωμανικό. Στη συνέχεια, εξετάζουμε δύο βιβλία, το Les Ruines des plus beaux monuments de la Grèce του Julien-David Le Roy και το The Antiquities of Athens των James Stuart και Nicholas Revett, και καταγράφουμε τα αρχιτεκτονικά μνημεία της αρχαιότητας τα οποία επέλεξαν οι συγγραφείς να παρουσιάσουν. Έπειτα, διαβάζουμε αποσπάσματα κριτικής της αρχιτεκτονικής ως τέχνη από δύο μνημεία, τον Παρθενώνα και την Πύλη της Αθηνάς Αρχηγέτιδος. Σε συνέχεια ερμηνεύουμε αυτή την τεχνοκριτική εστιάζοντας την προσοχή μας στο λεξιλόγιο το οποίο επιστράτευσαν οι συγγραφείς, με άξονα την κυρίαρχη αισθητική φιλοσοφία της εποχής –το «Υψηλό», όπως αυτό εκφράστηκε από τον Edmund Burke. Πέρα από το φιλοσοφικό ερμηνευτικό πλαίσιο, επιχειρούμε, στη συνέχεια, να εντάξουμε τα εξεταζόμενα κείμενα στο εικαστικό ερμηνευτικό πλαίσιο της ελληνορωμαϊκής διαμάχης και της εμφάνισης και διάδοσης του εικαστικού φαινομένου του Νεοκλασικισμού. Τέλος, σκιαγραφούμε πολιτισμικές εκφάνσεις σε πολιτικό ερμηνευτικό πλαίσιο, το οποίο μας επιτρέπει να σχολιάσουμε τη χρήση της ελληνικής και ρωμαϊκής αρχαιότητας κατά τον 18o αιώνα. Από τα παραπάνω, συμπεραίνουμε πως τα ταξιδιωτικά κείμενα τα οποία εξετάσαμε φανερώνουν μία βιωμένη εμπειρία του Υψηλού, αναγγέλλουν τις «νέες» αρχιτεκτονικές και εικαστικές αξίες, και παράλληλα συνδέονται έμμεσα με τη χρήση της αρχαιότητας στην πολιτική σκηνή του ίδιου αιώνα. Κλείνοντας τη μελέτη, προβάλουμε την αναγκαιότητα μιας συνδυαστικής ερμηνευτικής προσέγγισης για την πληρέστερη ερμηνεία αρχιτεκτονικών μνημείων.
Digital Twins along the product lifecycle: A systematic literature review of applications in manufacturing
Authors: Pronost Guillaume , Mayer Frédérique , Camargo Mauricio , Dupont Laurent
Published: March 2023

Background: The evolution of product expectations in the era of mass customization implies an improvement and a better control of individualized creation and production processes throughout the product lifecycle. The application of the digital twin (DT) seems to be a favoured solution in this context, but its study during the lifecycle of a product has only been partially evoked in the literature.

Methods: The purpose of this state-of-the-art article is to identify current trends of applications of the digital twin concept in the literature under two main dimensions: its nature regarding the interaction structure between digital and physical objects (defined as: Pre-Digital Twin, digital model, digital shadow, and digital twin), but also its applications, along the product lifecycle (Design, Production, Operation, Disposal). To achieve this analysis a systematic literature review was carried out. The publications selection was based on the presence in this of a case of application of a digital twin with a focus in the Manufacturing sector. Within this review, 188 scientific papers were compiled and analyzed.

Results: Results showed that although the term digital twin is widely used, the deployment of DT technologies in manufacturing is still at an early stage as most of the digital twin applications were in fact prototypes focused on the real-time observability of the physical system, either for optimization or predictive maintenance. Moreover, regarding the product lifecycle, most of the applications have been focused on the production and operational phases whereas those at the design and disposal phases are still limited.

Conclusions: This paper presents an original approach to the study of digital twins, not focusing on a single application area or lifecycle phase but which aims to establish future perspectives on the use of digital twins along the lifecycle.
A cross-sectional survey among parents to report challenges and barriers in the administration of medicines to children in United Arab Emirates
Authors: AlKaddour Nour Aliyan , Shah Rawa Banoori , Gillani Syed Wasif , Sharafi Niloofar Hadi , Khan Aiman Fatima , Elshafie Riham Mohamed , Rathore Hassaan Anwer
Published: March 2023

Background: Lack of knowledge among parents can result in inappropriate administration practices.  After analyzing different studies among children, there was no data on challenges and barriers in the administration of medicines among children in this region because of the diverse environmental issues and challenges in the UAE. The objective of this study was to determine the reported administration practices of parents and challenges and barriers in the administration of medicines among children in UAE.

Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data. An online Raosoft® sample size calculator was applied (n = 248). The inclusion criteria were parents who had a child under 10 years of age and gave consent to participate in this study. Children with vision problems, cognitive/physical disabilities, and caregivers other than parents were excluded from this study.

Results: The study reported response rate of 73.2%. The mean ± S.D age of the parents in years was 35.5 ± 7.8, and the mean ± S.D of children aged years was 2.60 ± 1.54. 26.2% of parents reported treatment failure due to oral medicine administration. A total of 22.2% of parents reported that they gave medicines in doses higher than prescribed by the doctor to treat their children more quickly. Similarly, a total of 64.5% of the parents reported self-medication without consultation from a healthcare provider.

Conclusions: The study concluded that there were inappropriate medicine administration practices among parents. Parents reported administration of higher doses to treat their children quickly.
Virtual screening for chemical analogues similar to phytochemicals that inhibit aldose reductase in the development of diabetic microvascular complications
Authors: Otieno Filex , Kagia Richard
Published: March 2023

Background: The polyol pathway contributes to the development of diabetic complications but can be inhibited by plant phytochemicals. This study aimed at assessing analogs of specific flavonoids that delay onset of microvascular complications with better pharmacokinetic and toxicology profiles.

Methods: An in silico study design was employed. The phytochemicals luteolin and quercetin were selected. Analogs were obtained from ZINC database and prepared using Avogadro software. Docking analysis was done using AutoDock Vina embedded in Chimera. Ligand enzyme interaction was carried out using Biovia Discovery studio. Pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiling was carried out using SWISSADME and protox server. A total of 40 analogues were analyzed. Sulindac was used as the comparator besides original phytochemicals.

Results: Docking analysis showed both luteolin and quercetin (-9.7) had a slightly stronger affinity for inhibiting aldose reductase compared with sulindac (-9.6). Eight analogues of luteolin and 14 analogues of quercetin showed stronger affinity with the highest registered at -10.6. Both luteolin and quercetin did not violate the Lipinski rule, had high GI absorption, did not cross the blood brain barrier nor were p-glycoprotein substrates, and inhibited CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. The LD50 of luteolin (3,919 mg/kg) was high indicating excellent safety profile. Quercetin had a low LD50 (159 mg/kg). All 22 analogues exhibited similar pharmacokinetic profiles to their respective phytochemical. However, they did differ in terms of docking strength and toxicology analysis. Six out of the eight luteolin analogues had LD50=3,919 mg/kg, while the remaining had LD50=159 mg/kg. Five quercetin analogues had LD50 of 159 mg/kg, another five had LD50=3,919 mg/kg and the rest had LD50=4,000 mg/kg, while the other two had a LD50 of 5,000 mg/kg.

Conclusions: In conclusion, six ZINC compounds similar to luteolin and nine similar to quercetin had stronger binding affinity for aldose reductase and superior toxicological profile compared to parent phytochemicals.
Promising effect of cisplatin and melatonin combination on the inhibition of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Adeya Adella Cut , Siregar M Fidel Ganis , Putra Imam B , Hasibuan Poppy Anjelisa , Andrijono Andrijono , Bachtiar Adang , Lumbanraja Sarma N , Nasution Iqbal P
Published: March 2023

Background: Ovarian cancer management has not yet given a satisfactory result, and the recurrence rate is still high. One of the reasons for this is resistance to chemotherapy. Melatonin and cisplatin may be involved in the chemotherapy resistance of ovarian cancer.

Methods: A laboratory experiment was performed using melatonin and cisplatin in the SKOV3 cell, from September 2020 to November 2021 at the SCTE and Integrated Laboratory & Research Center Universitas Indonesia. Several variables were used, such as doxorubicin, melatonin, cisplatin, and combination of cisplatin and melatonin at several concentrations (1×, 3/4×, 1/2×, and 1/4×). A total of 24 samples were included and divided into 8 groups. The IC50 values of melatonin, doxorubicin, and cisplatin as well as cell viability was calculated via MTS assay. Subsequently, flow cytometry was performed to assess the effect of cisplatin and melatonin on the mechanisms of CTR1, p-glycoprotein, GSH, ERCC1, e-cadherin, and apoptosis. Analysis of variance and Bonferroni test were employed for the study.

Results: The IC50 values of melatonin, cisplatin, and doxorubicin were 1.841 mM, 117.5 mM, and 14.72 mM, respectively. The combination groups of cisplatin and melatonin reduced cell viability; decreased the CTR1 mean (19.73), Pgp (6.7), GSH (11.73), and ERCC1 (4.27) in the combination 1 (C1) group; and increased e-cadherin (32.2) and annexin V (53.57) also in the combination 1 (C1) group.

Conclusions: The combination of melatonin and cisplatin might have an impact on drug resistance via several mechanisms in ovarian cancer.
Enhancing workplace exercise and physical fitness: university workers’ attitudes
Authors: Boonsem Aungkana , Malarat Anan , Na Phatthalung Aditep
Published: March 2023

Background: Workplace exercise (WE) has become the focus of a number of studies in Thailand universities as it is believed to prevent numerous chronic diseases.  This study aims to illustrate and investigate the behavioral factors related to the physical fitness of university workers and attitudes in work performance.  

Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study on 93 workers with purposive sampling using the Taro Yamane method, to examine exercise behaviors and knowledge, attitude, and exercise practice. Then, 31 selected participants who were at a moderate level of attitude and exercise practice joined the workplace exercise program for two months. Participants’ exercise behavior and knowledge, attitude, and exercise practice before and after joining the program were analyzed using an independent t-test. The physical fitness and work attitude were examined. 

Results: The results show that the university workers who participated in the program had an adjustment in exercise behavior after engaging in WE with a high level of knowledge, attitude (3.14+.18) and exercise practice (3.32+.31). In addition, we found that programs improved physical fitness with a significant increase in resting heart rate and leg strength (p<0.05). A direct relationship between work attitude and physical fitness after adapting intervention were revealed with work attitude in 3.35+.44 high agreement.  

Conclusion: The results correspond to earlier studies on exercise factors with the increasing exercise behavior level in terms of knowledge, attitude, and exercise practice. The WE is important for university workers. Therefore, the developed WE in the workplace increased the health and work attitude.
State-of-the-art of miliary tuberculosis in children: protocol for a scoping review of the literature
Authors: Buonsenso Danilo , Mariani Francesco , Morello Rosa , Song Rinn
Published: March 2023

Background: Miliary Tuberculosis (TB) is a rare manifestation of TB described in both adults and children. Pediatirc reports are rare and therefore evidence about diagnostics and management is scarce.

Methods: We will start our research in March 2023 in the following bibliographic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and SCOPUS. The main review question will be “What are the main clinical characteristics and outcomes of pediatric miliary TB reported in the literature?” We will include randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective observational studies, performed on children and adolescents (younger than 18 years), hospitalized or not, with a confirmed diagnosis of miliary TB. To report our findings, we will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist.

Dissemination: The findings of this review will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and presented in pediatric infectious diseases national and international conferences.
A scoping review protocol to identify strategies to implement evidence-based diabetic foot disease guidelines for healthcare professionals in primary care
Authors: Naughten Enda , Giltenane Martina , O'Brien Tim , Ivory John , Gethin Georgina
Published: March 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus has been identified as a serious global public health concern. Diabetic foot disease is one of four major complications that impacts on people with the disease and health systems. The majority of diabetic foot care, including screening and treatment, occurs in the primary care sector. To provide optimal care, evidence-based guidance is essential for all healthcare professionals. There is little known about the implementation of these guidelines in primary care settings. The aim of this scoping review will be to identify strategic components used to support the implementation of diabetic foot disease evidence-based practice guidelines by healthcare professionals in primary care.

Methods: A scoping review drawing on methods and guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute will be conducted and will be reported according to the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. This study will retrieve literature on strategic components used to implement diabetic foot disease evidence-based practice guidelines by health professionals in primary care, through a comprehensive search strategy in the following databases: CINAHL; Medline (Ovid); Embase; the Cochrane Library; and PsycINFO. Grey literature will be searched within the references of identified articles and in Lenus, BASE and LILACS. A data charting form will be developed with categories including: article details, population demographics, implementation strategies, strategy details, and evaluation methods such as feasibility and effectiveness, duration of intervention and duration of follow up.

Conclusions: Promoting foot care for people with diabetes in the primary care setting can make a significant impact on overall outcomes for the person and the health service. However, without the transition of evidence-based guidelines to practice, the impact can be difficult to assess. This study will map the evidence that can assist the transfer of evidence-based practice guidelines for diabetic foot care to healthcare professionals in primary care.
Association between dental amalgam restoration and urine mercury concentrations among young women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Park Su-Bin , Kim Eun-Kyong , Sakong Joon , Park Eun Young
Published: March 2023

Background: The association between dental amalgam fillings and urine mercury concentrations was investigated in this study to assess the health risks associated with dental amalgams. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 99 women in their 20s who visited the dental clinic in Daegu, Korea. The 99 participants were composed of 68 subjects who had dental amalgam fillings (exposure group) and 31 subjects who did not have dental amalgam fillings (nonexposure group). Oral examinations were conducted by a single dental hygienist, sociodemographic features were investigated as confounding variables, and urine mercury concentrations were measured using an automatic mercury analyzer. Results: The mean±standard deviation of the urine mercury concentrations of the exposure and nonexposure groups were 1.50±1.78 μg/g creatinine and 0.53±0.63 μg/g creatinine, respectively. The exposure group showed significantly higher levels than the nonexposure group (p<0.01). The urine mercury concentration significantly increased with an increase in the number of teeth filled with amalgam, cavity surfaces involved, and number of defective amalgam fillings, and according to the latest exposure time (p<0.001). In the multiple regression analysis of amalgam-related factors and urine mercury concentrations after correction for confounding factors, the urine mercury concentration in the group with six or more amalgam-filled teeth, 11 or more cavity surfaces, and two or more defective amalgams was significantly higher than that in the nonexposure group (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to this study, exposure to dental amalgams was confirmed to significantly affect urine mercury concentrations.
Irritable bowel syndrome – modern ways of treatment
Authors: Kuciński Jakub , Fryska Zuzanna , Wołejko Adam , Kulik Kacper , Semeniuk Paweł , Matusz Krystian , Burczyk Rafał , Górna Natalie
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most frequent functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract.  Main symptoms are recurring stomach ache connected with defecation, changes of frequency of defecation and/or stool’s consistency. Cause of IBS is still unknown unlike its pathomechanism. Continuous research allows doctors to understand and treat it better.

Discussion

Diagnosing IBS might be difficult even for the most experienced doctors due to its uncharacteristic symptoms. Therefore diagnosis should be made by using Rome IV Criteria. IBS is divided into 4 subtypes  basing on clinical picture: IBS with predominant constipation, IBS with predominant diarrhea, IBS with mixed bowel habits and IBS unclassified. Classification is being performed with the use of Bristol Stool Chart. Choice of remedy should be made depending on the subtype of IBS. Pharmacological treatment is symptomatic and focuses on relieving pain, diarrhea, constipation and bloating. Drugs that can be used are: loperamide, rifaximin, antispasmodic (e.g. hyoscine), antidepressants or laxatives. Treatment should also contain nonpharmacological methods. Nonpharmacological techniques which are proved to help patients contain regular physical activity, body mass reduction, low-FODMAP diet, using probiotics, psychotherapy and supplementing soluble fibre.

Conclusions

IBS is a big issue for public health as it is lowering quality of life and is generating big indirect costs. Difficulties in diagnosing are increasing those costs. That’s why it is of high importance to find more effective therapy. Raising awareness among doctors is crucial as plenty of methods are available to treat the disease which allows to reduce symptoms and costs.
Unlocking the Inventive Potential of Knowledge Distance in Teams: How Intrateam Network Configurations Provide a Key
Authors: Vestal Alex , Danneels Erwin
Published: March 2023

Increasingly, teams consist of members from widely distinct knowledge domains. This article studies the extent to which research and development (R&D) teams can transform their members’ different technological knowledge into impactful inventions. Although teams composed of members with distinct expertise can create impactful new technologies, in order to realize this potential, team members must have the ability and motivation to integrate each other’s knowledge. This article argues that the ability to do so is shaped by the patterns of intrateam ties, measured in terms of coauthorships on patents. Our results suggest that teams’ ability to reap the advantages of members’ distinct expertise is shaped by the patterns of members’ prior collaboration ties. Prior experience working together (i.e., density) and the presence of factions of team members with common history (i.e., subgroups) improve teams’ ability to leverage differences in members’ knowledge. In contrast, when prior collaborations center on one focal person (i.e., centralization), teams are less able to take advantage of the knowledge differences on the team. An analysis of 32,612 nanotechnology R&D teams provides support for the hypotheses.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1665 .
Transportation Asset Acquisition under a Newsvendor Model with Cutting-Stock Restrictions: Approximation and Decomposition Algorithms
Authors: Wagenaar Joris , Fragkos Ioannis , Faro W. L. C.
Published: March 2023

Logistics service providers use transportation assets to offer services to their customers. To cope with demand variability, they may acquire additional assets on a one-off (spot) basis. The planner’s problem is to determine the optimal level of assets acquired upfront, such that their cost is minimized, for a given planning horizon. Our formulation captures a nontrivial complication: Although ordering quantities are pertinent to asset acquisition, customer demand is in the form of service requests. Not only does each request have a stochastic duration, but also the total number of requests per customer is uncertain. We introduce a two-stage newsvendor model where demand for spot assets is derived through optimal cutting-stock patterns. Leveraging results from bin-packing, we propose polynomial algorithms that have worst-case guarantees for upper and lower bounds. Our method finds optimal solutions to instances intractable by commercial solvers. We investigate demand variability by means of a factorial experiment. We find that, whereas variability in the number of requests leads to higher costs, variability in each request’s duration can reduce costs. Finally, we demonstrate the modularity of our approach with two extensions: asset routing and outsourcing. Our results provide a practical approach to transportation asset acquisition and offer insights on the differing impact of demand uncertainty on the total acquisition cost.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2023.1201 .
Altitude pre-acclimatization with an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent
Authors: Heldeweg Micah Liam Arthur , Medina Feliz Jonathan Xavier , Berend Kenrick
Published: March 2023

Introduction: High altitude illness is a complication of rapid ascent above 2,500 m elevation. Ventilatory, circulatory and haematological adjustments, known as acclimatization, occur to maintain adequate delivery of oxygen. Although (non-)pharmaceutical strategies that modulate ventilation and circulation have long been accepted, the haematological approach has not. Case description: This report describes the application of a comprehensive strategy, including prior pre-acclimatization using an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA), in two healthy subjects ascending from sea level to 6,268 m. Following ESA administration 30 days prior to ascent, the subjects had a cumulative haemoglobin rise of 7.1% and 11.9%, respectively. Both subjects experienced minimal symptoms during four incremental ascents to the final altitude and no adverse events occurred. Discussion: This report has limited external validity, lacking both a sample size and controls, but can serve as practical exploration of the concept. Administration of an ESA may be a safe and useful pre-acclimatization strategy but cannot be recommended based on current evidence. More comprehensive research is needed.
Substance abuse, self-harm and suicide in adolescents
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: March 2023

Data suggests a 35% rise in teenage suicide during the pandemic. Dr Stephanie Thornton considers the data and offers advice
Combining bioimpedance and clinical assessment for individualised fluid management in haemodialysis
Authors: Stenberg Jenny
Published: March 2023

Fluid management in haemodialysis is a delicate balancing act. Determination of target weight mainly relies on clinical assessment, but this may be subjective and imprecise. There is a need to find methods that can reduce the prevalence of chronic fluid overload and intra- and inter-dialytic symptoms related to fluid alterations in people with chronic kidney disease treated with haemodialysis. New technologies like bioimpedance can be used as aids in fluid management and target weight estimation in haemodialysis; however, these methods cannot be expected to provide a simple target applicable to all patients. This summary report reflects some of the current evidence and empirical knowledge on fluid management in haemodialysis. It stresses the importance of paying careful attention to patients' fluid status and provides suggestions for an individualised approach to target weight estimation. The report highlights several patient-related factors that may impact bioimpedance measurements, as well as treatment components that should be involved in the decision process of fluid management, target weight estimation and bioimpedance.
Estimation of dislocated phases and tunable orbital angular momentum using two cylindrical lenses
Authors: B. H. Swaliha , Asokan S. , Ivan J. Solomon
Published: March 2023

A first-order optical system consisting of two cylindrical lenses separated by a distance is considered. It is found to be non-conserving of orbital angular momentum of the incoming paraxial light field. The first-order optical system is effectively demonstrated to estimate phases with dislocations using a Gerchberg–Saxton-type phase retrieval algorithm by making use of measured intensities. Tunable orbital angular momentum in the outgoing light field is experimentally demonstrated using the considered first-order optical system by varying the distance of separation between the two cylindrical lenses.
Spectral power profile optimization of a field-deployed wavelength-division multiplexing network enabled by remote EDFA modeling
Authors: Jones Rasmus T. , Bottrill Kyle R. H. , Taengnoi Natsupa , Petropoulos Periklis , Yankov Metodi P.
Published: March 2023

We propose a technique for modeling erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) in optical fiber networks, where the amplifier unit is located at a distant node outside the laboratory. We collect data on an optical point-to-point link with the amplifier as the only amplification stage. Different amplifier operating points are modeled using probe signals and by adjusting the settings of the amplifier through a control network. The data are used to train a machine learning algorithm integrated within a physical EDFA model. The obtained mathematical model for the amplifier is used to model all amplifiers of a network and links with multiple amplification stages. To confirm the modeling accuracy, we thereafter predict and optimize launch power profiles of two selected links in the network of 439.4 km and 592.4 km lengths. Maximum/average channel optical signal-to-noise ratio prediction errors of 1.41/0.68 dB and 1.62/0.83 dB are achieved for the two multi-span systems, respectively, using the EDFA model trained on the single span system with margin-optimized launch power profiles. Up to 2.2 dB of margin improvements are obtained with respect to unoptimized transmission.
Analytical investigation of GeO2-doped optical fibers to build Brillouin lasers at 1300  nm
Authors: Silva Luís C. B. , Segatto Marcelo E. V.
Published: March 2023

The 1.5 µm spectral region concentrates the most substantial attention on building fiber laser sources for communications applications. However, data transmission in this spectral region is quite congested, requiring exploring new neighboring regions. In particular, 1.3 µm, usually defined as the zero-dispersion band, currently constitutes an active field of research, and the development of fiber laser sources in this wavelength band is of substantial interest to expand the capabilities of existing photonic operations. Previous experimental investigations have already shown that the peak stimulated Brillouin scattering efficiency is strongly affected by the concentration of GeO2 doping in single-mode fibers. In this context, this work presents an analytical investigation of the performance of a Brillouin fiber laser at 1.3 µm using optical fibers doped with different GeO2 concentrations as a Brillouin gain medium. The results obtained suggest that optical fibers doped with high GeO2 concentrations can be a simple and effective solution to build Brillouin lasers with better efficiency in the 1.3 µm band employing shorter fiber lengths with low pump power values.