bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of biotreatability of ionic liquids in aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Authors: Žgajnar Gotvajn Andreja , Tratar-Pirc Elizabeta , Bukovec Peter , Žnidaršič Plazl Polona
Published: August 2014

The aim of our study was to set up an approach for reliable biotreatability assessment of ionic liquids (ILs). As a case study, two different ILs were selected: pyridinium-based 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium dicyanamide ([bmpyr][dca]) and imidazolium-based 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]). Toxicity in aerobic conditions was determined by measurement of inhibition of oxygen consumption by activated sludge, while their biodegradability was calculated from measurements of oxygen consumption and dissolved organic carbon elimination. For their biotreatability in anaerobic conditions, the method with measurement of biogas production has been employed comparing flocculent and granular sludge. Both ILs were less toxic and more biodegradable in anaerobic conditions. IL [bmpyr][dca] was not toxic to granular sludge up to 742 mg L−1 and it even has been degraded at this concentration in the presence of easily degradable glucose. Flocculent sludge was completely inhibited at the lower concentration of 318 mg L−1, but it degraded by 44% at 106 mg L−1 in the presence of glucose, indicating the appearance of cometabolism. IL [bmim][BF4] was less toxic but also resistant to biodegradation in anaerobic conditions. It degraded via cometabolism 21% at 1,452 mg L−1. It has been concluded that any assessment of biotreatability of ILs should include parallel determination in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Tranexamic Acid Reduces Blood Loss and Transfusion in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty without Tourniquet: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bidolegui Fernando , Arce Guillermo , Lugones Alfonso , Pereira Sebastián , Vindver Gabriel
Published: August 2014

Introduction :

Blood loss during and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can lead to substantial morbidity and the need for blood transfusions. There are several methods to minimize blood loss and to decrease transfusion rates in patients undergoing TKA. Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic agent with known efficacy for achieving these goals. Currently, many surgeons are performing TKA without the use of tourniquet. Consequently, the aim of the study is to evaluate whether tranexamic acid reduces blood loss during and after TKA without the adjunctive use of above-the-knee tourniquet.

Methods :

We performed a prospective randomized controlled trial (1:1 fashion) on the use of tranexamic acidversusplacebo in 50 patients undergoing TKA (without tourniquet). The treatment group received two (preoperative and postoperative) 15 mg/kg doses. The primary endpoint was blood transfusion rate. We collected data about demographic and procedural characteristics, hemoglobin and hematocrit values, drain blood loss at 24 hours as well as adverse events.

Results :

There were no transfusions in the treatment group, whereas 32% of the control group required transfusion (p<0.01). The treatment group had higher hematocrit and hemoglobin levels at 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery (all p<0.01) and lower drain loss at 24hours (363.4±141vs626±260ml, p=<0,001). There were no in-hospital or six-month thromboembolic complications.

Discussion :

A double-dose of tranexamic acid was safe and effective, reducing blood loss and preventing the need of blood transfusion in patients undergoing TKA without above-the-need tourniquet.
Camouflage effects following resin infiltration of postorthodontic white-spot lesions in vivo: One-year follow-up
Authors: Eckstein Amely , Helms Hans-Joachim , Knösel Michael
Published: August 2014

Objective: 

To assess camouflage effects by concealment of postorthodontic white-spot lesions (WSLs) to sound adjacent enamel (SAE) achieved over 12 months with resin infiltration (Icon, DMG, Hamburg, Germany).

Methods:  

Twenty subjects (trial teeth nteeth = 111) who had received resin infiltration treatment of noncavitated postorthodontic WSLs were contacted for a 1-year follow-up assessment of CIE-L*a*b* colors (T12). Color and lightness (CIE-L*a*b*) data for WSLs and SAE were compared to baseline data assessed before infiltration (T0) and those assessed after 6 months (T6), using a spectrophotometer. The target parameter was the difference between the summarized color and lightness values (ΔEWSL/SAE). Intergroup (WSL, SAE) and intertime comparisons (T0 vs T6, T12) were performed using paired t-tests at a significance level of α = 5%.

Results: 

Nine subjects (trial teeth nteeth = 49; male/female ratio 5/4; age range 13–19 years) were available at T12. After the highly significant reduction of ΔEWSL/SAE discrepancies between T0 and T6, analysis of 12-month records revealed color and lightness discrepancy of WSL vs SAE that was significantly decreased compared with baseline, indicating an assimilation of WSL color to SAE appearance after infiltration, while an additional reduction of discrepancies between T6 and T12 was not significant.

Conclusion: 

As color and lightness characteristics of the Icon infiltrant as well as the esthetic camouflage effects achieved by WSL infiltration were not altered significantly or clinically relevant after 12 months, the method of resin infiltration can be recommended for an enduring esthetic improvement of postorthodontic WSL. (Angle Orthod. 2015;85:374–380.)
The importance of family support in old age
Authors: Świderska Mariola
Published: August 2014

The image of the modern older man is often far from the old man withdrawing from life. Participation of seniors in the lectures of Universities of the Third Age or cross-country skiing became obvious and not unusual. However, older people often feel psychological and social loneliness, as well as a high need for security and belonging. All of this needs is able to meet properly functioning family.
Communication with a mother and popularity of an adolescent in a school class
Authors: Morawiec Magdalena , Napora Elżbieta
Published: August 2014

The aim of the research was to obtain the answer to the research problem - does communication with a mother influence the popularity of an adolescent among peers? While conducting the research Parent Adolescent Communication Scale PACS and a classic sociometric technique by J.L. Moreno were used. The obtained results have not managed to establish unequivocally that satisfying communication with a mother influences both popularity as well as the lack of attractiveness of an adolescent in a school class and his favourable relations with peers.
Preference Markets in New Product Development
Authors: Dahan Ely , Soukhoroukova Arina , Spann Martin
Published: August 2014

Preference markets address the need for scalable, fast and engaging market research in new product development. The Web 2.0 paradigm, in which users contribute numerous ideas that may lead to new products, requires new methods of screening those ideas for their marketability and preference markets offer just such a mechanism. For faster new product development decisions, a flexible prioritization methodology for product features and concepts is tested. It scales up in the number of testable alternatives, limited only by the number of participants. New product preferences for concepts, attributes and attribute levels are measured by trading stocks whose prices are based upon share of choice of new products and features. Benefits of preference markets include speed, scalability, flexibility, and respondent enthusiasm for the method.
Different Channel – Different Price? INVESTIGATING THE PRACTICE OF MULTI-CHANNEL PRICE DIFFERENTIATION
Authors: Eckert Christine
Published: August 2014

Price differentiation has long been recognized as a strategy that companies can use to increase profits when consumers’ tastes and valuations of a good price vary. Companies engaging in price differentiation have the opportunity to increase profits considerably compared to those which use a uniform pricing strategy. Accordingly, it should be beneficial for companies to exploit the possibility of charging different prices in online and offline channels as they offer different shopping benefits and are differently valued by consumers. nevertheless, it can be observed that some multi-channel retailers prefer to charge uniform prices in online and offline channels. They argue for consistent prices across distribution channels to maintain a strong brand - and because varying prices may lead to customers’ confusion, anger, irritation and perceptions of price unfairness.
Preference Measurement with Conjoint Analysis. Overview of State-of-the-Art Approaches and Recent Developments
Authors: Eggers Felix , Sattler Henrik
Published: August 2014

Determining consumer preferences is still one of the most important topics in marketing research. Not surprisingly, numerous approaches have been developed for this task. Conjoint measurement techniques are among the most prominent and different forms have emerged over the years. Depending on the specific research setting, all of them have their advantages and drawbacks. The authors discuss the nature and applicability of recent conjoint approaches and provide examples. Guidelines for selecting the optimal technique help to identify which approach works best in a given situation.
Age and Land Use as Factors Differentiating Hydrochemistry and Plant Cover of Astatic Ponds in Post-Agricultural Landscape
Authors: Mętrak Monika , Pawlikowski Paweł , Suska-Malawska Małgorzata
Published: August 2014

Small, astatic ponds are important features of post-glacial landscape, which support heterogeneity and biodiversity of agricultural areas. In the presented research we explored differences in hydrochemistry and plant cover of 20 small ponds located in Northeastern Poland, characterized by diverse age and developed in differently managed areas. According to our research, though changes in water level are under direct influence of water balance in the catchment, to which belonged the ponds, their hydrochemistry seemed to be shaped by processes at the level lower than the catchment scale. Age of the ponds appeared to be an important factor influencing density and species composition of vegetation developed on the studied ponds.
The Influence of Permanent Grasslands on Nitrate Nitrogen Loads in Modelling Approach
Authors: Śmietanka Maria
Published: August 2014

The water pollution in areas with intensive agriculture is growing rapidly. Computer model is a tool which can help in finding solutions for water pollution reduction and help in creation of catchment management plans. In this research the SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was used to test the influence of introduction of permanent grasslands into the catchment on nitrate nitrogen load in surface water. Small catchment of upper Zgłowi?czka River in central Poland with intensive agriculture was chosen as a test site. Model was fed with data about land use, soils, weather, elevation and management practices and calibrated and validated using flow data and nitrate nitrogen loads data. Then 2 scenarios with land use change were tested. A part of arable land was changed into permanent grasslands. The results show that permanent grasslands are effective in reducing nitrate nitrogen load. The load was reduced by 19% when permanent grasslands constituted 10% of arable land and by 38% with permanent grasslands taking up 20% of arable land.
The Influence of The „KOMISARZ Alex“ TV Series on The Development of Łódź (Poland) in The Eyes of City Inhabitants
Authors: Cudny Waldemar
Published: August 2014

The issues of creative and cultural industries and their role in city branding and development are explored in this paper. Activities enhancing city placement and city branding via a TV series are subject to enquiry. As a result, the city becomes a film-friendly destination, attracting people and firms from the film industry. Besides, the city is perceived more favourably, standing out from the competition and possibly attracting tourists and potential investors and immigrants. Such a policy has been introduced in Łódź, a large Polish post-socialist and post-industrial city. With the city authority’s support, the town has become the location of a popular TV crime series, entitled “Komisarz Alex” (“Inspector Alex”). The main aim of the research was to investigate how Łódź inhabitants perceive the series and what influence they think the film-making would have on the city. The evaluation of the perception of the series is based on structured interviews, and is generally very positive.
Baddeleyite segregations in zircon of the Azov zirconium-rare-earth deposit (Ukrainian Shield)
Authors: Voznyak Dmytro K. , Chernysh Dariia S. , Melnikov Volodymyr S. , Ostapenko Stepanyda S.
Published: August 2014

Baddeleyite as inclusions in zircon crystals is described for the first time from the ore zone of the Azov zirconium-rare-earth deposit in the Volodarsky (Pivdennokalchytsky) syenite Massif in the Ukrainian Shield. The main admixture in the zircon containing baddeleyite is hafnium (0.68 wt%). The baddeleyite occurs in a substance that fills cracks and that probably corresponds to glass. The chemical compositions of four baddeleyite segregations, and of the hosting glass, are presented. The baddeleyite formed as a result of interaction between zircon and silicate melt with a low SiO2 content. The silicate melt formed under the influence of highthermobaric CO2-fluid flows on the rock.
Enzymatic oxidation of substituted tryptamines catalysed by monoamine oxidase
Authors: Dragulska Sylwia , Kańska Marianna
Published: August 2014

The enzymatic deamination of 5-fl uorotryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT, catalysed by enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A, EC 1.4.3.4) was investigated using the kinetic (KIE) and solvent (SIE) isotope effects methods. The numerical values of deuterium isotope effects in the (1R) positions of 5-F-tryptamine were determined using non-competitive spectrophotomeric method. Isotopologue 5-F-[(1R)- -2H]-tryptamine, needed for kinetic studies was obtained by enzymatic decarboxylation of 5´-fl uoro-L-tryptophan, 5´-F-L-Trp, in fully deuteriated medium.
New Records for The Solenogaster Proneomenia Sluiteri (Mollusca) from Icelandic Waters and Description of Proneomenia Custodiens sp. n.
Authors: Todt Christiane , Kocot Kevin M
Published: August 2014

During August–September 2011, scientists aboard the R/V Meteor sampled marine animals around Iceland for the IceAGE project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). The last sample was taken at a site known as “The Rose Garden” off northeastern Iceland and yielded a large number of two species of Proneomenia (Mollusca, Aplacophora, Solenogastres, Cavibelonia, Proneomeniidae). We examined isolated sclerites, radulae, and histological section series for both species. The first, Proneomenia sluiteri Hubrecht, 1880, was originally described from the Barents Sea. This is the first record of this species in Icelandic waters. However, examination of aplacophoran lots collected during the earlier BIOICE campaign revealed additional Icelandic localities from which this species was collected previously. The second represents a new species of Proneomenia, which, unlike other known representatives of the genus, broods juveniles in the mantle cavity. We provide a formal description, proposing the name Proneomenia custodiens sp. n. Interestingly, the sclerites of brooded juveniles are scales like those found in the putatively plesiomorphic order Pholidoskepia rather than hollow needles like those of the adults of this species. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA barcode sequences are provided for both species of Proneomenia.
Sutures in abdominal surgery: biomechanical study and clinical application
Authors: Samartsev Vladimir , Kuchumov Alex , Gavrilov Vasiliy
Published: August 2014

The aim of this study is to improve treatment results and SSI prevention by differential usage of the contemporary suture materials and choice of proper suturing technique. To simulate suturing process and compared two suturing techniques, two FE models were developed. Finite-element analysis (FEA) was based on experimental data of contemporary commercial sutures and soft tissue properties. We applied obtained results for abdominal wall closure in rats and compared non-absorbable suture (capron) with absorbable suture (PDS Plus) for chosen technique. Cross-sections were examined by lighting electron microscope. Afterwards, the results of patients’ treatment are also presented. It was shown that running sew was more appropriate for aponeurosis suturing compared to interrupted sew. The optimal parameters of suturing techniques were computed. Single-row running sew by PDS Plus was proved to hold wound edges for 90 days with less inflammatory response compared to other suture in the result of histological analysis. Application of contemporary synthetic absorbable suture materials with antibacterial coating for laparotomic wounds closure and anastomosis decreases local inflammatory reaction and provides the successful tissue regeneration. Application of advanced SSI prophylactics algorithm was shown to decrease risk of post-operative suppurative complications from 14.2 to 1.6 %.
Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome induced by excessive L-tryptophan intake from cashew nuts
Authors: Barešić Marko , Bosnić Dubravka , Bakula Marija , Žarković Kamelija
Published: August 2014

Eosinophilia is characterized by more than 0.5 × 109 eosinophils per liter in the full blood count. A wide range of conditions, from asthma to parasitic infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain forms of cancer, have been known to trigger abnormally high amount of eosinophils. It is essential to reach the correct diagnosis and treat the underlying disease aggresively. Definition of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome was offered in 1980s by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for surveillance purposes, and criteria were revised in 2001, with high specificity. We report a case of 59-year old female who started a special weight-reducing diet regimen that included excessive cashew nut ingestion. Several months after she has presented with periferal blood eosinophilia and constitutional symptoms. Detailed work-up has not found elements for haematological, systemic autoimmune, neoplastic or infectious disease. She was diagnosed with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome due to extreme L-tryptophan intake, a compound found in the cashew nut’s oil. She responded well to cashew nut withdrawal and steroid therapy. In the follow-up period she remained stable with normal eosinophil count and there was not a need for any specific therapy.
Management and Prevention of Bone Stress Injuries in Long-Distance Runners
Authors: Warden Stuart J. , Davis Irene S. , Fredericson Michael
Published: August 2014

Synopsis

Bone stress injury (BSI) represents the inability of bone to withstand repetitive loading, which results in structural fatigue and localized bone pain and tenderness. A BSI occurs along a pathology continuum that begins with a stress reaction, which can progress to a stress fracture and, ultimately, a complete bone fracture. Bone stress injuries are a source of concern in long-distance runners, not only because of their frequency and the morbidity they cause but also because of their tendency to recur. While most BSIs readily heal following a period of modified loading and a progressive return to running activities, the high recurrence rate of BSIs signals a need to address their underlying causative factors. A BSI results from disruption of the homeostasis between microdamage formation and its removal. Microdamage accumulation and subsequent risk for development of a BSI are related both to the load applied to a bone and to the ability of the bone to resist load. The former is more amenable to intervention and may be modified by interventions aimed at training-program design, reducing impact-related forces (eg, instructing an athlete to run “softer” or with a higher stride rate), and increasing the strength and/or endurance of local musculature (eg, strengthening the calf for tibial BSIs and the foot intrinsics for BSIs of the metatarsals). Similarly, malalignments and abnormal movement patterns should be explored and addressed. The current commentary discusses management and prevention of BSIs in runners. In doing so, information is provided on the pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical diagnosis, and classification of BSIs.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 5. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(10):749–765. Epub 7 August 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5334
Altered Tendon Characteristics and Mechanical Properties Associated With Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Chimenti Ruth L. , Flemister Adolph S. , Tome Joshua , McMahon James M. , Flannery Marie A. , Xue Ying , Houck Jeff R.
Published: August 2014

Study Design

Case-control laboratory study.

Objectives

To compare tendon characteristics (shape, composition) and mechanical properties (strain, stiffness) on the involved side of participants with insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) to the uninvolved side and to controls, and to examine if severity of tendon pathology is associated with severity of symptoms during function.

Background

Despite the severity and chronicity of IAT, the quality of theoretical evidence available to guide the development of exercise interventions is low. While tendon pathology of midportion Achilles tendinopathy has been described, there are few studies specific to IAT.

Methods

Twenty individuals with unilateral IAT and 20 age- and sex-matched controls volunteered to participate. Ultrasound imaging was used to quantify changes in tendon shape (diameter) and composition (echogenicity). A combination of ultrasound and dynamometry was used to measure tendon mechanical properties (strain and stiffness) during passive ankle rotation toward dorsiflexion. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between IAT, alterations in tendon properties, and participant demographics. Pearson correlation was used to examine the association between severity of tendon pathology and severity of symptoms (Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles).

Results

The side with IAT had a larger tendon diameter (P<.001), lower echogenicity (P<.001), higher strain (P = .011), and lower stiffness (P = .007) compared to the side without IAT and the controls. On the involved side of participants with IAT, a lower echogenicity correlated with higher severity of symptoms (r = 0.603, P = .010).

Conclusion

Ultrasound imaging combined with dynamometry can discriminate alterations in tendon shape, composition, and mechanics in participants with IAT. Future clinical trials for IAT may consider strategies to alter tendon characteristics and restore tendon mechanics. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(9):680–689. Epub 7 August 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5369
Lower-Limb Muscular Strategies for Increasing Running Speed
Authors: Schache Anthony G. , Dorn Tim W. , Williams Gavin P. , Brown Nicholas A.T. , Pandy Marcus G.
Published: August 2014

Synopsis

This clinical commentary discusses the mechanisms used by the lower-limb musculature to achieve faster running speeds. A variety of methodological approaches have been taken to evaluate lower-limb muscle function during running, including direct recordings of muscle electromyographic signal, inverse dynamics-based analyses, and computational musculoskeletal modeling. Progressing running speed from jogging to sprinting is mostly dependent on ankle and hip muscle performance. For speeds up to approximately 7.0 m/s, the dominant strategy is to push on the ground forcefully to increase stride length, and the major ankle plantar flexors (soleus and gastrocnemius) have a particularly important role in this regard. At speeds beyond approximately 7.0 m/s, the force-generating capacity of these muscles becomes less effective. Therefore, as running speed is progressed toward sprinting, the dominant strategy shifts toward the goal of increasing stride frequency and pushing on the ground more frequently. This strategy is achieved by generating substantially more power at the hip joint, thereby increasing the biomechanical demand on proximal lower-limb muscles such as the iliopsoas, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, and hamstrings. Basic science knowledge regarding lower-limb muscle function during running has implications for understanding why sprinting performance declines with age. It is also of great value to the clinician for designing rehabilitation programs to restore running ability in young, previously active adults who have sustained a traumatic brain injury and have severe impairments of muscle function (eg, weakness, spasticity, poor motor control) that limit their capacity to run at any speed. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(10):813–824. Epub 7 August 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5433
Somaclonal Variation in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Using Chemical Mutagens
Authors: Hoque ME , Morshad MN
Published: August 2014

An experiment was conducted with three popular potato varieties viz. Cardinal, Diamant and Asterix to create somaclonal variation in potato. The chemical mutagens viz. Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), Methyl methane sulphonate (MMS), 5-Bromo Uracil (BU) and 2,4-D were used in three different concentration (1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/L). Among them only 2,4-D regenerated callus in potato. Higher concentration (4.0 mg/L) of 2,4-D showed variant type of callus, which regenerated abnormal plantlet and some of the plantlets died within 45 days after inoculation. The higher concentration (4.0 mg/L) of EMS, MMS and BU showed huge abnormality on in vitro regeneration in all three varieties of potato. Thin stem, deformed shoot development and very less leaf formation were observed in 2.0 mg/L and 4.0 mg/L of EMS, MMS and BU. Due to toxic effect some of the plantlets died. The mutagen treated variants were acclimatized in plastic tray and subsequently in the field condition. It was noticed that, only 37.16% plants survived in natural field condition. Morphological characterization and yield potentiality of all somaclones were studied. It revealed that only one variants viz. SVP-53 showed higher yield as compared with two check varieties. The first generation mini tubers were kept for further research.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19572  The Agriculturists 2014; 12(1) 15-25
Seed Quality of Stored Soybean (Glycine max L.) as Influenced by Storage Containers and Storage Periods
Authors: Akter N , Haque MM , Islam MR , Alam KM
Published: August 2014

An experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during April 2013 to June 2013 to study the effect of three storage containers (tin container, polythene bag and cloth bag); and five storage periods (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days) on the seed quality of soybean. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. The soybean seeds stored in tin container showed maximum germination capacity with high germination index, highest seedling growth, seedling dry weight per plant and vigour index. The seeds stored in cloth bag had the lowest seed quality during the testing period. The highest 1000-seed weight, moisture content, electrical conductivity, abnormal seedlings and number of dead seeds were recorded in cloth bag; where the equivalent lowest values were recorded in tin container. The moisture content, 1000-seed weight, electrical conductivity, number of abnormal seedlings and dead seeds were increased with the longer period of storage. In addition, germination index, seedling growth, dry weight per plant of soybean seedling, and vigor index decreased with the increase in storage period. Among the three containers, tin container was the best and the cloth bag was the worst storage container for soybean seed storage for long period. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19585 The Agriculturists 2014; 12(1) 85-95
Clinical Patterns of Polyneuropathy Attending in a Tertiary Level of Hospital
Authors: Paul Makhan Lal , Khan Rezaul Karim , Khan Md. Zulfiqar Hossain , Rahman Md. Mahabubur , Sinha Monoj , Parvez Zahed , Saha Chinmoy Kumar
Published: August 2014

A cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka to explore the different clinical pattern of polyneuropathy. A total of 60 subjects were included in this study and mean age of the entire patient was 42.25 year and male and female ratio was 3:1. Out of all patients 26.7% were service holder, 20.0% were student, 20.0% were housewife, 11.7% were unemployed and 33.3% were engaged in some other professions. Maximum 41.7% patients were educated up to graduate and above level followed by 20.0% secondary, 18.3% primary, 16.7% higher secondary and 3.3% were illiterate. Out of all patients 31.7% were smoker, 48.3% were non smoker and 20.0% past smoker. About 35.0% patients had history of betel leaf; nut chewing and no patient had history of alcohol intake. Out of all patients of polyneuropathy 33.3% had diabetic neuropathy, 11.7% had Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), 10.0% had chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, similar number had unknown etiology, 6.7% had renal failure, 5.0% had leprosy, Vitamin B 12 deficiency and chronic liver disease(CLD) of each, 3.3% had history of INH drug intake and similar had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Regarding clinical presentation, out of all respondents 83.3% had muscle weakness, similar number had problems with object handling, 66.3% had muscle cramp, 63.3% had impaired standing or gait, 55.0% had distal paresthesia, 41.7% had burning feet, 8.3% had restless legs and 5.0% had stiffness. In the light of this study we conclude that polyneuropathy has wide variety of clinical pattern. The study will enrich our current knowledge and will improve the quality of management of polyneuropathy among the Bangladeshi population.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i1.19851 J Medicine 2014; 15: 3-8
Spectrum of Rheumatological Disorders: A Clinic-based Study
Authors: Ahmed AKM Shaheen , Rahim Muhammad Abdur , Dewan Pratik , Haque Hasna Fahmima , Nazim Reshad Falah , Afroz Farhana , Afroze Samira Rahat , Ahmed Jamal Uddin , Hossain Mostaque , Hossain Md. Delwar , Rahman Md. Raziur , Musa A K M , Khan Md. Shah Zaman , Khasru Moshiur Rahman , Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: August 2014

Objectives: To assess the prevalence and distribution of rheumatic diseases at rheumatology clinic in a tertiary level hospital. Methods: This retrospective study was done at rheumatology clinic of BIRDEM from July 2009 to December 2012. Diagnoses were reached by using clinical criteria supplemented by necessary investigations. Results: Total number of patients was 772 with female predominance (F:M ratio of 1.3:1). Mean age was 46.9 (range 13-83) years. Majority (85.9%) were in 3rd to 6th decades. Degenerative diseases (49.9%) were most common, followed by inflammatory conditions (33.5%), soft tissue rheumatism (7%), metabolic bone disease (4.8%) and connective tissue diseases (2.5%). Rheumatoid arthritis (27.7%) was the most prevalent disease, followed by osteoarthritis of knees (26.2%) and lumber spines (23.4). Tendinitis, osteoporosis, fibromyalgia and systemic lupus erythematosus prevailed in 5.6%, 4.8%, 1.4% and 1.3% cases respectively. Common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (87.9%),  hypertension (22.2%), ischaemic heart disease (12.4%), dyslipidaemia (10.1%), fatty liver (7.9%), chronic kidney disease (6.9%) and hypothyroidism (4.5%). Commonly prescribed medications were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (93%), disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (28.9%) and prednisolone (10.6%). Physiotherapy was required in 13.3% cases. In 56.6% cases various combination of treatment was required. In 12% patients receiving methotrexate, adverse effects occurred.Conclusion: Degenerative joint and spine diseases were more common but as an individual disease rheumatoid arthritis was the most prevalent condition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i1.19855 J Medicine 2014; 15: 23-27
Impact of Age on Ovarian Response and IVF Outcome during Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation in Women from Gaza Strip
Authors: Yassin Maged M. , Lubbad Abdel Monem H. , Laqqan Mohammed M. , Alzmaily Eman S.
Published: August 2014

Background: Although age is an important factor in female fertility, not much date were focused on the relationship between age and ovarian response and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome. However, the female reproductive capacity varies with age.Objective: To assess the impact of age on ovarian response and IVF outcome during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in women from Gaza Strip. Methods: This prospective cohort study consisted of 75 women attending IVF at Al-Basma Fertility Center in Gaza City. The number of oocytes and embryos were recorded for each female and the occurrence of pregnancy was followed for three months. The obtained data were computer analyzed using SPSS statistical package version 18.Results: The mean age of the study population was 29.2±5.9 years. The total number of oocytes was significantly decreased with increasing age (F=3.932 and P=0.024).In this context Pearson correlation test exhibited negative significant correlation between women age and the number of mature oocyte (r=-0.276, P=0.017). There was an inverse relationship between age and ovarian response (F=6.773 and P=0.001), showing good response (9-16 oocytes) at mean age of 26.7±5.0 years. When related to women age, IVF outcome showed that the chance of getting pregnant increased with decreased age (F=4.278 and p= 0.018). Conclusion: The ovarian response and the chance of getting pregnancy were diminishing with ageing, implying that maternal age should by consider during IVF program.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i1.19858 J Medicine 2014; 15: 36-40
Sturge-Weber Syndrome with Port Wine Stain and Bilateral Choroid Plexus Angiomas: A Case Report
Authors: Ahmad Kaleem , Ansari Sajid , Dhungel Kanchan , Gupta Mukesh Kumar , Pant Ashok Raj , Rauniyar R K
Published: August 2014

Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rarenon-hereditary condition characterized by a hamartomatous vascular proliferation. It is usually unilateral; bilateral involvement is seen only in 15% cases. We report a case of a 6 month old male child with Sturge-Weber syndrome with its inherent clinical features and typical imaging findings.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i1.19877 J Medicine 2014; 15: 68-70
Relapsing Polychondritis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Haque Md Azizul , Tarik Mohammad Hasan , Razzak Md. Abdur , Ahmed KM Ahasan , Chowdhury Ahmed Tareq Shams , Rahman Md Mokhlesur
Published: August 2014

Relapsing polychondritis is a rare, severe, episodic and progressive inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology and autoimmune pathogenesis, causing recurrent inflammation of involving cartilaginous structures, predominantly those of the ears, nose, and laryngotracheobronchial tree. Rarity of this disease, array of many possible presenting symptoms, lack of specific diagnostic investigation and episodic nature often causes significant delay in diagnosis. We are reporting a 55 year old woman presenting with recurrent episodes of pain, swelling, redness of nose, and both ear resulting in depressed nasal bridge and floppy pinna. Relapsing polychondritis was diagnosed and she was treated with systemic corticosteroid successfully.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i1.19881 J Medicine 2014; 15: 80-83
Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl Syndrome: A 19 Years Girl with Total Blindness and End Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Rahman Matiur , Islam Nurul , Biswas Sarmistha , Zaved H A , Dewan Gourab
Published: August 2014

Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized bystructural and functional abnormalities of different organ and tissues. Renal involvement is the single most feature of prognostic importance. We report a case with end stage kidney disease. The diagnosis was missed until patient presented with renal dysfunction. Early diagnosis and screening for renal involvement is crucial for prolong survival.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i1.19885 J Medicine 2014; 15: 94-97
Abdominal Wall Actinomycosis - A Rare Surgical Scar Infection of the Antibiotic Era
Authors: George Peter , Hegde Narasimha , Pinto Jostol
Published: August 2014

No abstract availableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i1.19887 J Medicine 2014; 15: 104
Measuring the Changes in Aggregate Cycling Patterns between 2003 and 2012 from a Space Syntax Perspective
Authors: Law Stephen , Sakr Fernanda , Martinez Max
Published: August 2014

There has been a world-wide surge of interest in cycling over the last 10 years of which London has seen a continuous growth in cyclists and investment in infrastructure that has resulted in the introduction of the Barclays Cycle Superhighway and Barclays Cycling Hiring Scheme. Despite the investment in cycling infrastructure, there has been little understanding of cycling activity patterns in general and the effect of spatial configuration on cycling route choices. This research aims at measuring the impact of cycling infrastructure and spatial configuration on aggregate cyclist movement over two time periods. To do so, this paper presents a spatial-based cyclist movement statistical model that regress cyclist movement flows with measure of spatial configuration, safety and infrastructure and urban character attributes. Using Elephant and Castle, a Central London location, as a case study, the authors analyze cycling movement data sets from 2003 and 2012 to compare the change in cycling behaviour and the impact that the Cycling Superhighway 07, introduced in 2011, has had on cycling patterns. Findings confirm the growth of cycling in London with a 1000% increase in cyclists along some routes in comparison to a 10% increase in population at the same time. More importantly, results also suggest that higher cyclist movement were observed along routes with greater convenience and continuity—over and above route segregation from vehicular traffic. The relationship between spatial configuration and aggregate cyclists movement is consistent between 2003 and 2012 where spatial configuration have remained the same while changes were observed in both modal split and cycling infrastructure. This result is in line with previous research wherein aggregate higher cyclists movement are observed on major routes offering direct connections than less direct routes. From a spatial cognition perspective, this research enriches our understanding on how the external built environment as measured by the spatial configuration measure relates to aggregated cyclists movement overtime and in identifying key potential factors in influencing cyclist wayfinding. Further research is needed into validating the results and examining this relationship at an individual basis on route choice. These results help us better understand the trade off between cycling safety and cycling legibility which could help inform cycling route design in the future.
A Sensitive and Effective Proteomic Approach to Identify She-Donkey’s and Goat’s Milk Adulterations by MALDI-TOF MS Fingerprinting
Authors: Di Girolamo Francesco , Masotti Andrea , Salvatori Guglielmo , Scapaticci Margherita , Muraca Maurizio , Putignani Lorenza
Published: August 2014

She-donkey’s milk (DM) and goat’s milk (GM) are commonly used in newborn and infant feeding because they are less allergenic than other milk types. It is, therefore, mandatory to avoid adulteration and contamination by other milk allergens, developing fast and efficient analytical methods to assess the authenticity of these precious nutrients. In this experimental work, a sensitive and robust matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling was designed to assess the genuineness of DM and GM milks. This workflow allows the identification of DM and GM adulteration at levels of 0.5%, thus, representing a sensitive tool for milk adulteration analysis, if compared with other laborious and time-consuming analytical procedures.
Pheromonal Communication in the European House Dust Mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus
Authors: Steidle Johannes , Barcari Elena , Hradecky Marc , Trefz Simone , Tolasch Till , Gantert Cornelia , Schulz Stefan
Published: August 2014

Despite the sanitary importance of the European house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart, 1897), the pheromonal communication in this species has not been sufficiently studied. Headspace analysis using solid phase micro extraction (SPME) revealed that nerol, neryl formate, pentadecane, (6Z,9Z)-6,9-heptadecadiene, and (Z)-8-heptadecene are released by both sexes whereas neryl propionate was released by males only. Tritonymphs did not produce any detectable volatiles. In olfactometer experiments, pentadecane and neryl propionate were attractive to both sexes as well as to tritonymphs. (Z)-8-heptadecene was only attractive to male mites. Therefore it is discussed that pentadecane and neryl propionate are aggregation pheromones and (Z)-8-heptadecene is a sexual pheromone of the European house dust mite D. pteronyssinus. To study the potential use of pheromones in dust mite control, long-range olfactometer experiments were conducted showing that mites can be attracted to neryl propionate over distances of at least 50 cm. This indicates that mite pheromones might be useable to monitor the presence or absence of mites in the context of control strategies.
A Corrosion Sensor for Monitoring the Early-Stage Environmental Corrosion of A36 Carbon Steel
Authors: Chen Dong , Yen Max , Lin Paul , Groff Steve , Lampo Richard , McInerney Michael , Ryan Jeffrey
Published: August 2014

An innovative prototype sensor containing A36 carbon steel as a capacitor was explored to monitor early-stage corrosion. The sensor detected the changes of the surface- rather than the bulk- property and morphology of A36 during corrosion. Thus it was more sensitive than the conventional electrical resistance corrosion sensors. After being soaked in an aerated 0.2 M NaCl solution, the sensor’s normalized electrical resistance (R/R0) decreased continuously from 1.0 to 0.74 with the extent of corrosion. Meanwhile, the sensor’s normalized capacitance (C/C0) increased continuously from 1.0 to 1.46. X-ray diffraction result indicates that the iron rust on A36 had crystals of lepidocrocite and magnetite.
Islam, Immigration, and Identity: An Introduction
Authors: Green Todd
Published: August 2014

It has been two decades since Samuel P. Huntington, a Harvard political scientist, first published his famous essay, “The Clash of Civilizations?” [1]. In the essay, and later in his book with the same title (minus the question mark) [2], Huntington argues that conflict in the post-Cold War era will be driven largely by irreconcilable cultural and religious differences, particularly in regards to Islam and the West. The conflict between these two civilizations, while not new, is bound to persist in large part because Islam is prone to violence. Much of the global conflict that exists in the modern world, observes Huntington, involves Muslims. It is for this reason that he states so bluntly: “Islam has bloody borders” ([1], p. 35). [...]
The Optimal Level of Strictness and Congregational Growth
Authors: Ferguson Todd
Published: August 2014

Beginning with Kelley’s and Iannaccone’s foundational studies, scholars have examined how strictness impacts congregational outcomes. This paper seeks to further develop the strict church thesis by examining Iannaccone’s concept of “optimal level of strictness”, an idea that there are limits to strictness. Using Stark and Finke’s theoretical framework of religious niches and data from the 2005 Baylor Religion Survey and the 2000 Faith Communities Today survey, I find that only prohibitions that are in line with a congregation’s religious niche have an impact on growth. To be beneficial, prohibitions must match the pool of potential members’ preferences.
Polymeric Micro Sensors and Actuators
Authors: Wang Wei-Chih
Published: August 2014

Sensors and actuators using polymeric systems, constitute one of the most promising fields of “smart polymers”, and it is becoming ever more important to associate artificial sensing and actuating systems with living organisms. [...]
Estimating Groundwater Recharge in the Semiarid Al-Khazir Gomal Basin, North Iraq
Authors: Jassas Hussein , Merkel Broder
Published: August 2014

The mean annual recharge of Al-Khazir Gomal Basin was estimated as a basis for decision makers regarding the renewability and sustainability of groundwater. For this purpose, two approaches were used: hydrograph analysis and water table fluctuation (WTF). The long-term mean daily stream-flow records of Al-Khazir River (1969–1981) were used to estimate groundwater discharge by base-flow hydrograph separation and displacement recession curve methods. Four base-flow separation methods were used; one is the graphical separation method, and three are automated separation methods included in the web-based Hydrograph Analysis Tool. The annual recharge estimated by WTF was 111.6 mm/y, and the average annual recharge estimated by the four base-flow separation methods was 125.8 mm/y. Estimating recharge by the water table fluctuation method does not incorporate spatial variability contained in the whole watershed, because the specific yield did not represent the entire basin. However, the hydrograph analysis method can give a comprehensive estimation of the net integrated recharge for the entire watershed, which includes different recharge mechanisms. The displacement recession curve method deviates a lot (>30 mm/y) from the other methods, which indicates that this method may not be suitable to apply in such large watersheds.
The Doctor of Nursing Practice Capstone Project: Consensus or Confusion?
Authors: Kirkpatrick Jane M. , Weaver Terri
Published: August 2014

Considerable diversity exists among Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs regarding capstone projects, which reflect the knowledge gained and the competency achieved during the immersion experience. This article describes a conversation of the DNP capstone project among participants of the Committee on Institutional Collaboration DNP Invitational Conference. The focus of the dialogue was to discuss the intent and breadth of the DNP capstone project and how it demonstrates competencies, to consider in what way it differs from the PhD dissertation, and to identify the similarities and differences among multiple forms of the project in terms of scope and expected deliverables, as well as to examine other related issues. The participants addressed eight salient questions in an effort to clarify the value, form, and key elements of the final project. Responses to these questions are presented, and the agenda for a national dialogue regarding the capstone project is considered. [
J Nurs Educ.
2013;52(8):435–441.]