bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIAGNÓSTICO DAS CONDIÇÕES DE SANEAMENTO NA COMUNIDADE DO MACIÇO DO MORRO DA CRUZ - FLORIANÓPOLIS – SC – BRASIL
Authors: Alejandra Patrícia Rebollar Nora , Simoni Schuch Fernanda , Loch Carlos
Published: September 2014

Este artigo relata a experiência e apresenta os resultados obtidos no projeto ‘Saneamento nas Comunidades do Maciço do Morro da Cruz - Promoção da Cidadania -Florianópolis – SC’, financiado pelo Ministério das Cidades, Ministério da Educação e Cultura do Brasil. Neste trabalho, realizou-se o diagnóstico das condições de saneamento da comunidade do Alto da Caieira do Saco dos Limões e a capacitação dos cidadãos da localidade de forma a implementar uma política  educacional. Esta capacitação se deu a partir da conscientização popular acerca da importância do saneamento básico, desenvolvendo juntamente com a comunidade, atividades para conscientizar os cidadãos quanto à necessidade de uma ocupação ordenada, em harmonia com áreas de preservação permanente. A comunidade está localizada em área considerada de preservação permanente segundo a legislação ambiental vigente. Em função de estar vivendo ‘a margem da lei’ em área de ocupação irregular, a população atualmente não tem acesso à água potável e sistema de esgoto fornecido pela concessionária estadual. Assim sendo, realizou-se um trabalho de campo para adquirir dados das residências tais quais: a existência ou não de reservatórios de água, fonte de captação da água utilizada, existência de sanitários, destinação do esgoto sanitário, entre outros. O diagnóstico final mostrou uma comunidade com problemas de abastecimento de água e esgoto favorecendo a proliferação de doenças em área que apresenta riscos em função de se localizar em áreas íngremes que foram desmatadas.
EDUCAÇÃO E SAÚDE NA MODERNIDADE E PÓS-MODERNIDADE: UM RESGATE DA HISTÓRIA
Authors: Mainardi Neuza , Maria Teixeira Bicudo Pereira Isabel , Focesi Pelicioni Maria Cecília
Published: September 2014

O presente estudo faz um resgate histórico do caminhar das escolas públicas e particulares de ensino fundamental e da saúde na modernidade e pós- modernidade,  no Brasil, perpassando todo o século XX . Mostra a evolução do ensino tradicional  e do movimento escolanovista até as propostas educacionais para  os dias atuais, assim como a evolução  do conceito biomédico da saúde entendendo-a como qualidade de vida.
Editorial
Authors: G. Gonçalves Nadia
Published: September 2014

Editorial
MIMU – MUSEU DE INSTRUMENTOS MUSICAIS DA UFPR
Authors: Bergmann Filho Juarez , Schmid Aloísio Leoni , Mombach Leandro Henrique Merino , Fomin Igor Mottinha , Pereira Rodrigo Mateus , Freitas Thiago Correa de
Published: September 2014

Este artigo trata da criação do programa de extensão universitária “MIMU – Museu de Instrumentos Musicais da UFPR” em várias etapas de implementação. Desde a concepção, partindo de necessidades levantadas juntamente com o curso de Tecnologia em Luteria da UFPR, passando pela estruturação do espaço e projeto e construção de expositores específicos, além da criação de logotipo e website para utilização em ambiente gráfico e virtual, até a aquisição de acervo, via doação ou construção.
GERAÇÃO DE IMAGEM ESFÉRICA EM 360 GRAUS COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE APRENDIZAGEM APLICADA NO ÂMBITO ESCOLAR
Authors: Troyan Daniele , Freitas Maria do Carmo Duarte , Ishida Celso Yoshikazu
Published: September 2014

Relata a experiência do uso da fotografia no Projeto de Extensão “Projeção e Visualização Científica dos 100 anos de Dados Históricos UFPR” como ferramenta capaz de desenvolver o raciocínio espacial e de visualização que, se aplicada a educação, estimula e fixa a atenção do aluno e o conteúdo das disciplinas. Identifica as vantagens e desvantagens de seu uso como prática didático-pedagógica em classe para trabalhar temas de criatividade. O experimento faz uso da tecnologia 360 graus esférico capaz de captar e unir séries de fotos de uma câmera digital amadora (que não permite troca de lentes) por intermédio de programas gratuitos e fornece o modelo de realidade virtual, que permite a real noção de tempo e espaço, sendo possível a visualização do todo, com o giro da imagem, e também a visualização dos detalhes por aproximação. Obtivemos resultados com boa qualidade de imagem e custo mais baixo que o utilizado por empresas. Tem-se a expectativa de unir temas como a educação e a tecnologia em escolas públicas, propiciando aplicações diferenciadas aos estudantes e estimulando o interesse pelos estudos.
Editor's Introduction: Innovations in the newsroom – and beyond
Authors: Ess Charles Melvin
Published: September 2014

I summarize both the four contributions to the theme issue - innovations in the newsroom - and the general article, highlighting their common threads and connections with larger literatures.  The two major threads are (1) the primary brakes on media innovations, for better and for worse, frequently come from within the media sectors (e.g., editorial offices, newsroom practices, business practices), in contrast with innovation as developed and "pushed" from the ICT industries; and (2) two of the theme issue articles take up the core normative value of autonomy, highlighting how far innovations may foster and/or hinder consumer and/or journalistic autonomy.  These connect in turn with themes and threads raised in our Inaugural Issue, beginning with the necessity of taking a holistic approach in our analyses of media innovations.
Discours magistériel et discours du maître : l’aporie est-elle surmontable ?
Authors: Lemieux Raymond
Published: September 2014

Entre le discours du maître et le discours magistériel, la proximité est évidente. Pourtant le magis formant leur élément commun peut aussi bien s’avérer un facteur d’abrutissement, un producteur d’esclave, qu’un porteur d’émancipation. Comment le discours magistériel, qui se veut émancipateur, peut-il gérer cette ambiguïté ? Comment le maître peut-il être un maître de liberté ? L’article interroge tour à tour les pratiques éducatives et les pratiques psychanalytiques qui affrontent le même type d’aporie. Il met de l’avant l’importance de l’interdiction faite à l’éducateur tant qu’à l’analyste de jouir de l’élève ou de l’analysant, c’est-à-dire de faire de leur apparente position de sujet assujetti un profit personnel. Qu’est-ce qu’éduquer à la liberté ? Qu’en est-il du magistère, dont le discours se veut émancipateur ?
Justice et identité
Authors: Jobin Guy
Published: September 2014

Cette étude est consacrée aux effets de la mutation de la question sociale sur le discours magistériel en éthique sociale et politique. Le mot « mutation » désigne le fait qu’aux enjeux socio-économiques qui formaient traditionnellement le noyau dur de la question sociale s’ajoutent d’autres enjeux de nature différente, notamment ceux liés à la reconnaissance morale et juridique des identités individuelles et collectives. Deux thèmes de l’enseignement social de l’Église seront retenus et explorés ici pour tester l’hypothèse d’une répercussion de la mutation de la question sociale sur l’enseignement social de l’Église catholique. Ce sont l’enseignement sur le bien commun et l’enseignement qui condamne la discrimination. Nous concluons qu’il y a bien une ouverture du discours magistériel aux transformations des idées et des jugements dans le domaine éthico-moral. On voit pourtant que, même dans ces conditions, l’arrimage de logiques hétérogènes génère dans l’enseignement social des « tensions » épistémologiques et pratiques qu’on ne saurait minimiser.
Estimating dissolved organic carbon inventories in the East China Sea using remote‐sensing data
Authors: Liu Qiong , Pan Delu , Bai Yan , Wu Kai , Chen Chen‐Tung Authur , Liu Zhiliang , Zhang Lin
Published: September 2014

The coastal ocean is characterized by a high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration due to large terrestrial inputs and high primary production. Monitoring the dynamic variation of DOC inventories in coastal oceans provide more information on carbon flux, but is very challenging in practice. We propose a method of estimating DOC inventories in the East China Sea (ECS) by integrating the surface DOC distribution with a vertical model of the DOC profile via satellite data. Surface DOC concentration was retrieved from satellite‐derived chromophoric dissolved organic matter and chlorophyll concentration. Two vertical DOC profile models (uniform model and stratified model) were established based on water‐density profiles, and the usage of these two models was corresponded to water mass classification determined by a water mass index. The average bias of the satellite‐derived DOC inventory, in the euphotic layer was 23.8% in spring, 24.8% in autumn and 14.7% in winter, and in the water column was 15.6% in spring, 12.3% in autumn, and 10.2% in winter. The total satellite‐derived DOC inventory integrated in the water column was about 31.84, 31.96, 28.59, and 31.18 Tg in four seasons in the ECS (5.84 × 105 km2). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the remote‐sensing method of estimating DOC inventory is stable and reliable. The available long‐term and large‐scale satellite‐derived DOC inventories in marginal sea would provide us basic information on carbon cycle, and the difference between the seasonal DOC inventories would help to understand the DOC export and relative biogeochemical processes in the ECS.
Vertical structure of eddies and Rossby waves, and their effect on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5°N
Authors: Clément L. , Frajka‐Williams E. , Szuts Z. B. , Cunningham S. A.
Published: September 2014

The meridional overturning circulation (MOC) at
in the Atlantic has a standard deviation of 4.9 Sv and contains large fluctuations at subannual periods. The geostrophic component of the MOC is believed to be influenced on subannual time scales by eddies and Rossby waves. To quantify this effect, the vertical structure and surface characteristics of westward propagating signals are studied using altimetric data and full‐depth mooring measurements from the RAPID array at
. Westward propagating features are observed in the western North Atlantic in both data sets and have periods of 80–250 days in the first baroclinic mode. These features are still observed by the RAPID moorings 20 km offshore of the western boundary. The western boundary also exhibits deep variability characterized by enhanced energy in higher baroclinic modes. The effect of eddies and Rossby waves on the geostrophic transport is quantified by representing their vertical structure with the first baroclinic mode. In total, 42% of the variance of the transbasin thermocline transport inferred from geostrophic calculations at
can be attributed to first mode variability, which is associated with eddies and Rossby waves at periods of 80–250 days. The standard deviation of the transbasin thermocline transport due to eddies and Rossby waves is estimated to be 2.6 Sv.
Systematic Evaluation of Skin and Adnexa in Mutant Laboratory Mice
Authors: Silva Kathleen A. , Kennedy Victoria E. , Sundberg John P.
Published: September 2014

The skin and its adnexa (hair and nails) comprise one of the easiest organ systems to evaluate, as they are the most accessible. However, mice are small and have lots of very fine hairs of multiple types. Thus, while major abnormalities are obvious, subtle abnormalities or the basis for these defects can be difficult to define. To assist in outlining basic approaches to evaluating mice clinically as well as microscopically with the help of a pathologist, methods are provided here that are used routinely in many laboratories. The mouse is a very useful mammalian model system for studying normal and abnormal (disease) development, and there is a high degree of correlation not only with human biology and medicine but with that of most other mammalian species. Utilizing basic approaches standardizes analysis and provides quality samples for analysis. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 4:105‐119 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Overview of Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Bobela Wojciech , Zheng Lu , Schneider Bernard L.
Published: September 2014

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of neurons in specific regions of the nervous system, notably in the substantia nigra pars compacta and, in most cases, by the deposition of intraneuronal inclusions named Lewy bodies. These pathological alterations have profound effects on the brain function, leading to the progressive development of various symptoms, the most prominent being the impaired initiation of voluntary movements caused by the loss of dopamine signaling in the basal ganglia. Here, we provide an overview of the mouse models of Parkinson's disease, with the goal of guiding selection of the most appropriate model for studying the question at hand. Pharmacological approaches targeting dopamine signaling and toxins leading to selective degeneration of nigral neurons are used to validate symptomatic treatments that aim at restoring effective dopaminergic function for motor control. Alternative mouse models are based on genetic modifications that are meant to reproduce the inherited alterations associated with familial forms of Parkinson's disease. Although genetic models have most often failed to induce overt degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons, they provide essential tools to explore the multifactorial etiology of this complex neurodegenerative disorder. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 4:121‐139 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Aggression between siblings: Associations with the home environment and peer bullying
Authors: Tippett Neil , Wolke Dieter
Published: September 2014

Sibling aggression is a common form of intra‐familial aggression, yet has been largely neglected by research. Using an inclusive measure of sibling aggression, this study investigated, firstly, prevalence of sibling aggression and associations with family and household characteristics, and secondly, the relationship between sibling aggression and peer bullying. Participants were 4,237 adolescents from Wave 1 of Understanding Society. Four types of sibling aggression were measured: physical, verbal, stealing and teasing, and combined into composite measures of victimization and perpetration. Regression analysis identified associations with demographic characteristics, family and sibling composition, parent–child relationships and socioeconomic status and explored the link between sibling aggression and involvement in peer bullying. Using a broad definition, sibling aggression was found to be widespread, with 46% of all participants being victimized and 36% perpetrating aggression. Household and family characteristics, including a large family size, male siblings, and financial difficulties were associated with greater rates of sibling aggression. Parenting behavior showed the strongest relationship: harsh parenting increased the risk of sibling aggression while positive parenting protected against it. Sibling aggression was also homotypically related to involvement in peer bullying. Victimization by siblings significantly increased the odds of being a victim of peer bullying, and perpetrators of sibling aggression were more likely to be both peer bullies and bully‐victims. Considering the adverse effects of sibling aggression on physical and mental health, the study provides pointers for efforts to reduce the risk of sibling aggression. Furthermore, the link with peer bullying suggests that school anti‐bullying efforts should also take account of children's sibling relationships. Aggr. Behav. 41:14–24, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating Indeterminate Interferon‐γ–Release Assay Results in Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Calabrese Cassandra , Overman Robert A. , Dusetzina Stacie B. , Hajj‐Ali Rula A.
Published: September 2014

Objective

To analyze the rate of indeterminate interferon‐γ–release assay (specifically the QuantiFeron‐TB Gold In‐Tube [QFT‐GIT]) testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with chronic inflammatory disease (CID) compared with the general hospital population (GH) and a healthy reference group of hospital employees (HR), and to analyze factors associated with an indeterminate test result.

Methods

Adults with a QFT‐GIT result within a large regional US health system were included. We compared the likelihood of having an indeterminate test across each patient group. Among patients with CID, we estimated the effect of glucocorticoids, biologic agents, and disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use on the likelihood of having an indeterminate test, controlling for age, sex, comorbidities, and prior health services use.

Results

Of the 55,108 patients who met the inclusion criteria, CID made up 5.2% (n = 2,864), GH 48.2%, and HR 46.6% of the study population. Indeterminate results were present in 5.3% of the CID group, 1.9% of the GH group, and 1.5% of the HR group. Compared with HR, patients with CID were 2.4 times as likely to have indeterminate test results (adjusted risk ratio [RR] 2.4, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.9–2.9). In adjusted models restricted to patients with CID, glucocorticoid use significantly increased the likelihood of an indeterminate test (adjusted RR 1.4 [95% CI 1.02–2.0]) while DMARD use decreased this likelihood (adjusted RR 0.7 [95% CI 0.5–0.97]) when compared to patients not receiving medications.

Conclusion

Patients with CID were more likely to have indeterminate QFT‐GIT results when compared to HR subjects. Among patients with CID, only glucocorticoid use was associated with an increased likelihood of having an indeterminate test result.
Comparison of Tests for Lumbar Flexion and Hip Function in Patients With and Without Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Stolwijk Carmen , Ramiro Sofia , Vosse Debby , Landewé Robert , van der Heijde Désirée , van Tubergen Astrid
Published: September 2014

Objective

To compare the 15‐cm Schober test with the 10‐cm Schober test and the intermalleolar distance (IMD) with the internal hip rotation (IHR).

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among both healthy individuals and patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).The spinal and hip mobility tests were assessed in all subjects. Agreement between the different tests was assessed with correlation coefficients, Bland and Altman agreement, and by cumulative probability plots. The component scores for lumbar flexion in the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) with use of either the 10‐cm Schober test or the 15‐cm Schober test were compared.

Results

A total of 393 healthy individuals (51% males; mean age 44 years) and 90 patients with axial SpA (53% males; mean age 49 years) were included. A strong correlation was found between the 10‐cm and 15‐cm Schober test, in both healthy individuals (r = 0.89) and in patients (r = 0.93). The 10‐cm Schober test was systematically lower than the 15‐cm test with a mean ± SD difference of 1.5 ± 0.8 cm in patients, resulting in a higher total mean ± SD BASMI score of 0.4 ± 0.2 points. The correlation between IMD and IRH was weak, both in healthy individuals (r = 0.29) and in patients (r = 0.40).

Conclusion

The 10‐cm and 15‐cm Schober tests are highly correlated but, as expected, the 10‐cm method is systematically lower than the 15‐cm method. Therefore, these measures cannot be interchangeably used in the BASMI. The IMD and IHR are not correlated, indicating that they measure different aspects of hip mobility. Therefore, the IHR cannot be used as a substitute for the IMD.
Visible Light‐Induced Aromatic Difluoroalkylation
Authors: Jung Jaehun , Kim Eunjin , You Youngmin , Cho Eun Jin
Published: September 2014

Difluoroalkylated aromatics are important structural motifs in pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications. Herein, we report their synthesis by a mild, efficient, and convenient method using visible light photoredox catalysis. A variety of unactivated aromatics were difluoroalkylated with ethyl 2‐bromo‐2,2‐difluoroacetate (BrCF2CO2Et) in the presence of the triscyclometalated Ir complex fac‐[Ir(ppy)3] under visible light irradiation at room temperature. It is shown that reaction outcomes containing the CF2CO2Et moiety can be converted to a variety of other CF2‐containing aromatics, demonstrating the synthetic utility of the present method.

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Substituent Enabled Divergent Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles: a Metal Carbene Approach Involving Intramolecular Carbene Interception
Authors: Xu Hua‐Dong , Xu Ke , Jia Zhi‐Hong , Zhou Hao , Jiang Pan , Lu Xiao‐Long , Pan Ying‐Peng , Wu Hao , Ding Yun , Shen Mei‐Hua , Pan Xian‐Hua
Published: September 2014

N‐Aryl‐N‐allyl‐bis‐functionalized amino‐1‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐trizoles undergo rhodium‐catalyzed cyclization reactions and subsequent hydrolytic cleavage of the sulfonyl imine to give two structurally distinct N‐heterocycles, 3‐indolyl aldehydes and 3‐azabicyclo[3,1,0]hexyl aldehydes. The product ratio can be tuned by varying the electronic properties of the two functional groups attached to the N atom. Based on these findings, two efficient and general methods for the synthesis of highly valuable 3‐indolyl aldehydes and 3‐azabicyclo[3,1,0]hexyl aldehydes have been developed.
Study on the preparation and mechanical properties of injection‐moulded wood‐based plastics
Authors: Su Meng , Chen Jianqiang , Pan Zhenhong , Li Xiaobao , Xu Anqi , Hong Jianguo
Published: September 2014

The objectives of this study were to prepare injection‐moulded wood‐based plastics and to characterize their mechanical properties. Injection‐moulded wood‐based plastics with satisfactory flexural (65.7 MPa) and tensile strengths (30.1 MPa) were successfully obtained through a simple reaction of mulberry branch meal with phthalic anhydride (PA) in 1‐methylimidazole under mild condition. The X‐ray diffraction results indicated complete disruption of the crystallinity of cellulose because the pattern obtained for esterified fiber was almost a straight line without any peaks. The peaks in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra (1738 and 748 cm−1) and NMR spectra (173.3 and 133.5 ppm) indicated the attachment of 0‐carboxybenzoyl groups onto the wood fibers via ester bonds. The differential scanning calorimetry curves showed that the glass transition temperature decreased with increasing weight percentage gain (WPG). The derivative thermogravimetric analysis curves indicated that esterified wood fiber was less thermally stable than the untreated fiber and that the component tends to be homogeneous with increasing WPG. Scanning electron microscope revealed that the fractured surfaces of most samples were smooth and uniform but that high temperature and less PA dosage could lead to the appearance of holes and cracks. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41376.
Novel polyimide/graphene oxide composite films with ultralow dielectric constants
Authors: Zhi‐Qiang Yang , Yuan Yuan , Feng‐Ling Li , Rui‐Jin Liao
Published: September 2014

Graphene is generally used for conductive material; it can also be used as a key nanofiller for the insulation material of inverter motors. In this study, a series of polyimide (PI) films were prepared successfully by a conventional two‐step polymerization method based on bis[3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]methane as a diamine and 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride as a dihydride with different weight percentage graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets as nanofillers. The dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss (tan δ) of these films were measured. The results show good dielectric properties, especially an ultralow ε value of 1.41 at 1 MHz with 0.19% GO. This showed that the low ε value was caused by a high free volume led by the GO nanosheets and the CF bond. The structure and micromorphology of the PIs were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41385.
HLA–DRB1–Associated Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk at Multiple Levels in African Americans: Hierarchical Classification Systems, Amino Acid Positions, and Residues
Authors: Reynolds Richard J. , Ahmed Altan F. , Danila Maria I. , Hughes Laura B. ,   the Consortium for the Longitudinal Evaluation of African Americans with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Investigators, Gregersen Peter K. , Raychaudhuri Soumya , Plenge Robert M. , Bridges S. Louis
Published: September 2014

Objective

To evaluate HLA–DRB1 genetic risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in African Americans by 3 validated allele classification systems and by amino acid position and residue, and to compare genetic risk between African American and European ancestries.

Methods

Four‐digit HLA–DRB1 genotyping was performed on 561 autoantibody‐positive African American cases and 776 African American controls. Association analysis was performed on Tezenas du Montcel (TdM), de Vries (DV), and Mattey classification system alleles and separately by amino acid position and individual residues.

Results

TdM S2 and S3P alleles were associated with RA (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 2.8 [2.0–3.9] and 2.1 [1.7–2.7], respectively). The DV (P = 3.2 × 10−12) and Mattey (P = 6.5 × 10−13) system alleles were both protective in African Americans. Amino acid position 11 (permutation P < 0.00001) accounted for nearly all variability explained by HLA–DRB1, although conditional analysis demonstrated that position 57 was also significant (0.01 ≤ permutation P ≤ 0.05). The valine and aspartic acid residues at position 11 conferred the highest risk of RA in African Americans.

Conclusion

With some exceptions, the genetic risk conferred by HLA–DRB1 in African Americans is similar to that in individuals of European ancestry at multiple levels: classification system (e.g., TdM), amino acid position (e.g., 11), and residue (Val11). Unlike that reported for individuals of European ancestry, amino acid position 57 was associated with RA in African Americans, but positions 71 and 74 were not. Asp11 (odds ratio 1 in European ancestry) corresponds to the 4‐digit classical allele *09:01, which is also a risk allele for RA in Koreans.
Relationships Between Body Mass Index, Fat Mass, Muscle Mass, and Musculoskeletal Pain in Community Residents
Authors: Yoo Jong Jin , Cho Nam Han , Lim Seung Hun , Kim Hyun Ah
Published: September 2014

Objective

To evaluate the relationships between fat mass, muscle mass, fat:muscle mass ratio, metabolic syndrome, and musculoskeletal pain in community residents.

Methods

In the Korean Health and Genome Study, 1,530 participants (mean ± SD age 60.8 ± 8.60 years) completed pain questionnaires and underwent dual x‐ray absorptiometry to calculate body composition. Pain was categorized according to the number of pain regions, such that widespread pain, defined as pain above the waist, below the waist, on both sides of the body, and in the axial region, represented the most severe pain. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the International Diabetes Federation 2005 recommendations, and the association between metabolic syndrome and pain was evaluated by dividing the population into 4 groups, according to the presence/absence of metabolic syndrome and of high body mass index (BMI).

Results

Total fat mass and fat:muscle mass ratio were significantly and positively associated with musculoskeletal pain among female subjects only. Compared to the lowest quartile of fat:muscle mass ratio, the odds ratios for widespread pain among subjects in other quartiles were significantly increased after adjustment for confounders. Widespread pain was more prevalent among subjects with metabolic syndrome whether their BMI was high or normal, especially among female subjects.

Conclusion

Increased fat mass and fat:muscle mass ratio were significantly associated with musculoskeletal pain among women. Widespread pain was significantly associated with a high fat:muscle mass ratio after adjustment for confounders. Understanding the relationship between fat mass and pain may provide insights into preventative measures and therapeutic strategies for musculoskeletal pain.
Expression of the Dermatomyositis Autoantigen Transcription Intermediary Factor 1γ in Regenerating Muscle
Authors: Mohassel Payam , Rosen Paul , Casciola‐Rosen Livia , Pak Katherine , Mammen Andrew L.
Published: September 2014

Objective

Autoantibodies against transcription intermediary factor 1γ (TIF1γ) are found in many patients with dermatomyositis (DM). Although TIF1γ is known to play a role in the differentiation of other tissues, its functional role in muscle regeneration has not been elucidated. This study was undertaken to explore the regulation and functional role of this protein during muscle differentiation and regeneration.

Methods

TIF1γ expression was analyzed in human muscle biopsy specimens using immunofluorescence microscopy. Immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting analyses were used to study TIF1γ expression in a mouse model of muscle injury and repair. The effect of premature TIF1γ silencing on muscle differentiation was studied in cultured mouse myoblasts.

Results

In muscle biopsy specimens from DM patients, TIF1γ was expressed at low levels in the nuclei of histologically normal muscle cells but at high levels in the centralized nuclei of atrophic, perifascicular myofibers expressing markers of regeneration. TIF1γ levels were also increased in regenerating myonuclei following muscle injury in mice. Premature silencing of TIF1γ in vitro using small interfering RNA did not accelerate the expression of myogenin, a transcription factor that plays a central role in regulating relatively early stages of muscle differentiation. However, premature silencing of TIF1γ did accelerate myotube fusion and the expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), a later marker of muscle differentiation.

Conclusion

The DM autoantigen TIF1γ is markedly up‐regulated during muscle regeneration in human and mouse muscle cells. Premature silencing of this protein in cultured myoblasts accelerates MyHC expression and myoblast fusion. However, TIF1γ may function independently of, or downstream from, myogenin.
Folate Depletion and Increased Glutamation in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients Treated With Methotrexate
Authors: Funk Ryan S. , van Haandel Leon , Leeder J. Steven , Becker Mara L.
Published: September 2014

Objective

Folates exist as a fluctuating pool of polyglutamated metabolites that may serve as a clinical marker of methotrexate (MTX) activity. This study was undertaken to evaluate circulating folate content and folate polyglutamate distribution in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients and in a cell culture model based on MTX exposure and folate supply.

Methods

Blood, plasma, and red blood cell (RBC) measurements of MTX and folates were obtained from previously published data sets and an additional analysis of JIA patients receiving MTX (n = 98) and those not receiving MTX (n = 78). Erythroblastoid cells maintained in culture were exposed to MTX and grown under varying levels of folic acid supplementation. Samples were analyzed for cellular folate and MTX content.

Results

Circulating folate levels were lower in JIA patients receiving MTX, with reduced levels of blood, plasma, and RBC 5‐methyl‐tetrahydrofolate (5mTHF) (P < 0.0001). Average polyglutamate chain length (Gluavg) of RBC 5mTHF was elevated in JIA patients receiving MTX (median ± interquartile range 5.63 ± 0.15 versus 5.54 ± 0.11 in those not receiving MTX; P < 0.001) and correlated with both RBC MTX accumulation (P = 0.02) and reduced plasma 5mTHF levels (P = 0.008). MTX exposure and folate deprivation in erythroblastoid cells resulted in a depletion of bioactive folate species that was associated with a shift to higher Gluavg values for several species, most notably tetrahydrofolate (THF) and 5,10‐methylene‐tetrahydrofolate (CH2THF). Increased Gluavg resulted from the depletion of short‐chain and the accumulation of long‐chain glutamate species.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that folate content and polyglutamate distribution are responsive markers of MTX activity and folate supply in vivo and in vitro, and may provide novel clinical markers of pharmacologic activity of MTX.
FoxO Transcription Factors Support Oxidative Stress Resistance in Human Chondrocytes
Authors: Akasaki Yukio , Alvarez‐Garcia Oscar , Saito Masahiko , Caramés Beatriz , Iwamoto Yukihide , Lotz Martin K.
Published: September 2014

Objective

A major signaling pathway that regulates cellular aging is the insulin/insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1)/phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt/FoxO transcription factor axis. We previously observed that FoxO transcription factors are dysregulated in aged and OA cartilage. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of down‐regulated FoxO transcription factors on chondrocytes.

Methods

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting FOXO1 (siFOXO1) and FOXO3 (siFOXO3) were transfected into human articular chondrocytes. Cell viability following treatment with the oxidant tert‐butyl‐hydroperoxide (tBHP) was measured by MTT assay. Caspase 3/7 activation and apoptotic cells were examined. Gene and protein expression of antioxidant proteins and autophagy‐related proteins and changes in inflammatory mediators following treatment with interleukin‐1β were assessed. Cells transfected with FOXO plasmids were also analyzed.

Results

Cell viability was significantly reduced by siFOXO after treatment with tBHP. Apoptosis accompanied by caspase activation was significantly increased in siFOXO‐transfected chondrocytes. Knockdown of FOXO1 and FOXO1+3 resulted in significant reductions in levels of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX‐1), catalase, light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin1, and sirtuin 1 (SIRT‐1) proteins following treatment with tBHP. In contrast, the constitutive active form of FOXO3 increased cell viability while inducing GPX‐1, Beclin1, and LC3 in response to tBHP. Expression and production of ADAMTS‐4 and chemerin were significantly increased in siFOXO‐transfected chondrocytes.

Conclusion

Reduced expression of FoxO transcription factors in chondrocytes increased susceptibility to cell death induced by oxidative stress. This was associated with reduced levels of antioxidant proteins and autophagy‐related proteins. Our data provide evidence for a key role of FoxO transcription factors as regulators of chondrocyte oxidative stress resistance and tissue homeostasis.
The Impact of Depression on Self–Other Discrepancies in Decision Making
Authors: Garcia‐Retamero Rocio , Okan Yasmina , Maldonado Antonio
Published: September 2014

Although there is a small but growing body of literature on how people make risky decisions for others and predict others' decisions, results seem to be contradictory. The authors contribute to the understanding of these mixed results by investigating how depression affects self–other discrepancies in decision making and the psychological processes that underlie these discrepancies. In an experiment, depressed and nondepressed individuals read a series of scenarios involving decisions about health, money, and interpersonal relationships. They then indicated which of two options they would choose for themselves or for another person, or predicted which option this person would choose for himself or herself. Finally, participants reported benefits and drawbacks of the decisions (i.e., cognitions) and feelings about risk. Depressed individuals were less prone to bias when they predicted others' decisions than nondepressed individuals. Feelings about risk played a key role in determining the direction and the magnitude of this bias. In contrast, both depressed and nondepressed individuals showed bias when they made decisions for others. This bias affected their decisions in opposing ways and was determined by cognitions. This bias is consistent with literature showing that depression is associated with an increased sensitivity to social risks. The authors provide a theoretical explanation of self–other discrepancies in decision making in depressed and nondepressed individuals and conclude that the results support the assumption that depression is associated with psychological processes whose role is to increase sensitivity to social threats rather than with a more general negative bias in cognitive functioning. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poloxamer surfactant preserves cell viability during photoacoustic delivery of molecules into cells
Authors: Sengupta Aritra , Dwivedi Nishant , Kelly Sean C. , Tucci Lara , Thadhani Naresh N. , Prausnitz Mark R.
Published: September 2014

Efficient intracellular delivery of molecules is needed to modulate cellular behavior for laboratory and medical applications, but is often limited by trade‐offs between achieving high intracellular delivery and maintaining high cell viability. Here, we studied photoacoustic delivery of molecules into cells by exposing DU145 human prostate carcinoma cells to nanosecond laser pulses in the presence of carbon black nanoparticles. Under strong laser exposure conditions, less than 30% of cells were viable and exhibited uptake. Addition of poloxamer surfactant at those laser exposure conditions increased cell viability to almost 90%, with intracellular uptake in >80% of cells. This remarkable increase in efficiency of intracellular delivery and cell viability may be attributed to enhanced cell membrane resealing by poloxamer surfactant after photoacoustic delivery. While F‐68 poloxamer was effective, the larger, more‐hydrophobic F‐127 poloxamer provided the best results. There was no significant protective effect from addition of Ca2+, BAPTA‐AM, ATP, fetal bovine serum or glycine betaine, which were expected to promote active cell membrane repair mechanisms and other active intracellular protective processes. We conclude that poloxamer surfactant preserves cell viability during photoacoustic delivery of molecules into cells, thereby enabling highly efficient intracellular delivery. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 405–415. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
miR181c promotes apoptosis and suppresses proliferation of metanephric mesenchyme cells by targeting Six2 in vitro
Authors: Lv Xiaoyan , Mao Zhaomin , Lyu Zhongshi , Zhang Pengzong , Zhan Alan , Wang Jian , Yang Hui , Li Mi , Wang Honglian , Wan QianYa , Wei Hongyuan , Wang Ming , Wang Nian , Li Xun , Liu Yi , Zhao Hui , Zhou Qin
Published: September 2014

Increasingly recognized importance has been assumed for microRNA (miRNA) in the regulation of the delicate balance of gene expression. In our study, we aimed to explore the regulation role of miR181c towards Six2 in metanephric mesenchyme (MM) cells.

Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase assay and semi‐quantitative real‐time (RT) PCR, subsequently RT PCR, Western blotting, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine cell proliferation assay, Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, were employed to verify the modulation function of miR181c on Six2 in the mK3 MM cell line that is one kind of MM cells.

miR181c was predicted to bind the 3′ untranslated region of Six2 by bioinformatics analysis, which was subsequently validated by the in vitro luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, transfection of miR181c mimic can decrease the expression of Six2 both in mRNA and protein levels in mK3 cells. Still, ectopic expression of miR181c inhibits the proliferation, promotes the apoptosis and even makes the nephron progenitor phenotype lose mK3 cells.

These results revealed the ability of a single miRNA–miR181c to downregulate the expression of Six2, restrain the proliferation and promote the apoptosis that even makes the nephron progenitor phenotype lose MM cells, suggesting a potential role of miR181c during the kidney development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Isocytidine Derivative with a 2‐Amino‐6‐methylpyridine Unit for Selective Recognition of the CG Interrupting Site in an Antiparallel Triplex DNA
Authors: Okamura Hidenori , Taniguchi Yosuke , Sasaki Shigeki
Published: September 2014

Sequence‐specific recognition of duplex DNA mediated by triple helix formation offers a potential basis for oligonucleotide therapy and biotechnology. However, triplex formation is limited mostly to homopurine strands, due to poor stabilization at CG or TA base pairs in the target duplex DNA sequences. Several non‐natural nucleosides have been designed for the recognition of CG or TA base pairs within an antiparallel triplex DNA. Nevertheless, problems including low selectivity and high dependence on the neighboring bases remain unsolved. We thus synthesized N2‐arylmethyl isodC derivatives and incorporated them into triplex‐forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) for the selective recognition of the CG base pair within antiparallel triplex DNA. It was shown that an isodC derivative bearing a 2‐amino‐6‐methylpyridine moiety (AP‐isodC) recognizes the CG base pair with high selectivity in antiparallel triplex DNA irrespective of the flanking base pairs.
Multiplexed Programmable Release of Captured DNA
Authors: Kennedy‐Darling Julia , Holden Matthew T. , Shortreed Michael R. , Smith Lloyd M.
Published: September 2014

Nucleic‐acid hybridization is widely used for the specific capture of complementary sequences from complex samples. It is useful for both analytical methodologies, such as array hybridization (e.g. transcriptome analysis, genetic‐variation analysis), and preparative strategies such as exome sequencing and sequence‐specific proteome capture and analysis (PICh, HyCCAPP). It has not generally been possible to selectively elute particular captured subsequences, however, as the conditions employed for disruption of a duplex can lack the specificity needed to discriminate between different sequences. We show here that it is possible to bind and selectively release multiple sets of sequences by using toehold‐mediated DNA branch migration. The strategy is illustrated for simple mixtures of oligonucleotides, for the sequence‐specific capture and specific release of crosslinked yeast chromatin, and for the specific release of oligonucleotides hybridized to DNA microarrays.
High glucose‐induced Galectin‐1 in human podocytes implicates the involvement of Galectin‐1 in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Liu Yinghong , Long Luping , Yuan Fang , Liu Fuyou , Liu Hong , Peng Youming , Sun Lin , Chen Guochun
Published: September 2014

The diabetic milieu is believed to change the activity, or result in damage of podocytes—a key component of the glomerular filtration barrier and known to secrete matrix for glomerular basement membrane. This in turn contributes to diabetic nephropathy. However, how podocyte dysfunction is triggered in diabetic nephropathy remains ambiguous. Galectin‐1 belongs to Galectin family that bind to β‐galactoside residues of glycosylated proteins. We explored whether Galectin‐1 is dysregulated in diabetic nephropathy using three different techniques, namely real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining, to follow the expression of Galectin‐1 under high glucose levels in podocytes. High glucose consistently induced Galectin‐1 expression. Immunohistochemistry using a Galectin‐1‐specific antibody also showed elevated Galectin‐1 in renal tissues of diabetic patients with manifestation of nephropathy, indicating a correlation of Galectin‐1 overexpression with diabetic nephropathy. Upregulation of Galectin‐1 is associated with loss of podocin, which is important for the physiological function of podocytes and decreases in the renal tissues of diabetic nephropathy. Increased Galectin‐1 is a causal event for the high glucose‐induced loss of podocin, since silencing Galectin‐1 in podocytes increased podocin expression in the presence of 25 mM glucose. Thus expression of Galectin‐1 in diabetic nephropathy may serve as a marker and contribute to disease progression by interfering with podocin expression.
New Iridium Catalysts for the Selective Alkylation of Amines by Alcohols under Mild Conditions and for the Synthesis of Quinolines by Acceptor‐less Dehydrogenative Condensation
Authors: Ruch Susanne , Irrgang Torsten , Kempe Rhett
Published: September 2014

A novel family of iridium catalysts stabilised by P,N‐ligands have been introduced. The ligands are based on imidazo[1,5‐b]pyridazin‐7‐amines and can be synthesised with a broad variety of substitution patterns. The catalysts were synthesised quantitatively from the protonated ligands and a commercially available iridium precursor. The catalysts mediate the alkylation of amines by alcohols under mild conditions (70 °C). In addition, the synthesis of quinolines from secondary or primary alcohols and amino alcohols is reported. This sustainable synthesis proceeds through the liberation of two equivalents of water and two equivalents of dihydrogen. The investigations indicate that catalysts suitable for hydrogen autotransfer or borrowing hydrogen chemistry might also be suitable for acceptor‐less dehydrogenative condensation reactions.
Prussian Blues as a Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Shen Lian , Wang Zhaoxiang , Chen Liquan
Published: September 2014

Prussian blues (or iron cyanides) and their analogues are attractive in both fundamental studies and industrial applications owing to their chemical and structural diversity. The large open space in their framework provides tunnels and space for the transport and storage of lithium ions. Two Prussian blues were synthesized by a co‐precipitation method. The nanosized Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 and cubic FeFe(CN)6 deliver reversible capacities of 95 mAh g−1 and 138 mAh g−1, respectively. In comparison, FeFe(CN)6 shows cycling and rate performances superior to Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3.
Voltage‐Driven Photoluminescence Modulation of Liquid‐Crystalline Hybridized ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Neaime Chrystelle , Prévôt Marianne , Amela‐Cortes Maria , Cîrcu Viorel , Grasset Fabien , Folliot Hervé , Molard Yann
Published: September 2014

Liquid‐crystalline hybrid nanomaterials have been obtained by grafting mesogenic units around luminescent ZnO nanocrystals of 5 nm in diameter. Modifying the mesogenic density around the inorganic core allows the modulation of the liquid‐crystalline behavior and its miscibility in commercial liquid crystal (LC). The strong blue photoluminescence observed for the hybrids can be modulated by applying a voltage on a LC cell containing commercial LC and 10 wt % of hybrid.
Explosives Sensing by Using Electron‐Rich Supramolecular Polymers: Role of Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Significant Enhancement of Sensitivity
Authors: Gole Bappaditya , Song Wentao , Lackinger Markus , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi
Published: September 2014

We demonstrate here that supramolecular interactions enhance the sensitivity towards detection of electron‐deficient nitro‐aromatic compounds (NACs) over discrete analogues. NACs are the most commonly used explosive ingredients and are common constituents of many unexploded landmines used during World War II. In this study, we have synthesised a series of pyrene‐based polycarboxylic acids along with their corresponding discrete esters. Due to the electron richness and the fluorescent behaviour of the pyrene moiety, all the compounds act as sensors for electron‐deficient NACs through a fluorescence quenching mechanism. A Stern–Volmer quenching constant determination revealed that the carboxylic acids are more sensitive than the corresponding esters towards NACs in solution. The high sensitivity of the acids was attributed to supramolecular polymer formation through hydrogen bonding in the case of the acids, and the enhancement mechanism is based on an exciton energy migration upon excitation along the hydrogen‐bond backbone. The presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the acids in solution was established by solvent‐dependent fluorescence studies and dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments. In addition, the importance of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in solid‐state sensing was further explored by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) experiments at the liquid–solid interface, in which structures of self‐assembled monolayer of the acids and the corresponding esters were compared. The sensitivity tests revealed that these supramolecular sensors can even detect picric acid and trinitrotoluene in solution at levels as low as parts per trillion (ppt), which is much below the recommended permissible level of these constituents in drinking water.