bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile money networks with tax-incentives
Authors: Rivadeneyra Ivan , Suthers Daniel D. , Juarez Ruben
Published: February 2022

Mobile money (MM) is the most promising tool to enable more individuals living in rural and marginalized communities into the banking sector. Although private companies in some developing countries have transitioned most of its users over to MM, it remains unclear if government-initiated programs would be as successful. By accessing a comprehensive data set of the first MM project to be initiated by a government, we tracked the behavior of users within the MM network. Temporal analysis of network representations of MM transactions shows how agents behave over time and how they react when given tax-incentives for the use of non-cash transactions. Tax-incentives had immediate positive effects on the economic activity of continuing users (number of transactions, mean and total value of transactions) and a marginal effect on their interconnectedness (number of partners and clustering). However, the tax-incentive distorted economic behavior and had a modest effect on the adoption and diffusion of MM over time at a high price tag. Implementation of these new technologies requires consideration of the peculiarity of the different actors and the expansion of the network over time, as well as the specific characteristics of each economy. These findings offer important lessons that would be valuable to other governments and policymakers considering MM.
Organisational factors in the implementation of educational modules at schools in Barranquilla (Colombia)
Authors: Maya-Jariego Isidro , Muñoz-Alvis Andrés , Polo-Vargas Jean David , Palacio-Sañudo Jorge E. , de Castro-Correa Alberto M.
Published: February 2022

Job design affects motivational aspects and working conditions and, consequently, impacts the process of implementing programmes. This study examines the influence of the organisational context on the implementation of a psycho-educational programme and an academic levelling module at Colombian schools. Specifically, we evaluate the work design characteristics of teachers and their impact on the fidelity, effectiveness, and sustainability of the intervention. Information was collected from 102 teachers who acted as facilitators in the implementation of these interventions at a total of 72 schools in the city of Barranquilla. With a work design questionnaire, the characteristics of the task and working conditions of the teaching staff were analysed. To evaluate the implementation of the programme, indicators of fidelity, dose, frequency, and perceived effectiveness of the intervention were obtained. The results show that the autonomy and intrinsic characteristics of the task are positively related to the fidelity of the implementation. A certain influence of the working conditions of the teaching staff was also observed in the dose of the educational activities performed. Complementary to this, we describe the impact of confinement during the coronavirus pandemic on the implementation of programmes. Work design influences the process of implementing programmes in educational contexts. Both active hierarchical supervision and the motivational characteristics of teachers’ work affect the sustainability of interventions, especially in crisis circumstances. To conclude, we reflect on the organisational characteristics that facilitate the sustainability of the interventions.
Properties of topological crystalline insulator Pb0.5Sn0.5Te epitaxial films doped with bismuth
Authors: Kawata B. A. , Fornari C. I. , Kagerer P. , Heßdörfer J. , Bentmann H. , Reinert F. , Okazaki A. K. , Rappl P. H. O. , Abramof E.
Published: February 2022

We report here on the properties of topological crystalline insulator Pb0.5Sn0.5Te epitaxial films doped with bismuth at levels from 0% (undoped) to 0.15%. The undoped film exhibits a p-type character due to metal vacancies. As the doping level rises, the hole concentration reduces. At a level of 0.06%, the electrical character inverts to n-type and the electron density continues to increase for rising doping level up to 0.15%. This result demonstrates an effective extrinsic n-type doping of Pb0.5Sn0.5Te crystal with bismuth due to substitutional Bi atoms in metal sites. High-resolution x-ray diffraction and reciprocal space mapping show that fully relaxed high-quality films are obtained. A pristine (111) film surface is revealed after removal of the Te cover layer using a method combining Ar+ sputtering and thermal desorption. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) data acquired at 30 K near the Γ¯ point of the undoped film surface show a parabolic-like dispersion of the bulk valence band close to the Fermi level. Now, the ARPES data for a sample doped with 0.1% of Bi reveal that the chemical potential is shifted by 40 meV upwards in the direction of the conduction band. The ARPES results also indicate that there might be a discrepancy between surface and bulk chemical potential in the doped sample. This divergence suggests that Te atoms diffuse into the surface during the thermal process to desorb the protective layer, inverting the surface to p-type.
Nutritional strategies to support performance of commercial Pekin ducks exposed to a high-temperature thermal challenge over 29–41 days of age
Authors: Downing J. A.
Published: February 2022

Context Commercial ducks often experience high temperature in summer and nutritional strategies could help them cope under these conditions. Aims To assess the effects of water and feed supplements on the growth performance of Pekin ducks exposed to high ambient temperature. Methods Commercial Pekin ducks were supplemented with betaine in feed, betaine or vitamin C in water or had feed withdrawn for 9 h/day or provided with water alone, during Weeks 5 and 6 of age. Water was supplemented with an ‘in house’ electrolyte formulation and betaine in Week 6, only. The treatments were applied to two strains, the Cherry Valley (CV) and a commercial line selected from the CV strain for higher breast muscle yield identified as CVP2. On Days 29–41 of age, shed temperature was increased to 30.5°C for 9 h (08:30–17:30) and then returned to 22.7°C for the remainder of the day. Individual liveweights of ducks were measured on Day 28, Day 35 and Day 41 of age. Feed intake and water consumption were measured over Days 14–28, Days 29–35, and Days 36–41. On Day 41, one male and one female from each pen, were weighed, euthanised and the total breast muscle was removed and weighed. Key results In Week 5, all supplements supported a higher LWG, although this was limited to 4.3–6.3%, with no effects on feed intake or feed to gain ratio. In Week 6, these same supplements provided no benefit and, in fact, vitamin C had a negative effect (−4.7%) on LWG. In Week 6, the electrolyte + betaine improved LWG by 17.1%, with no effects on feed intake or feed to gain ratio. The supplements had no effects on breast muscle weight or yields. The CVP2 selected line had a substantially higher LWG, with nearly all this being due to the 15.8% higher gain seen in males, as LWG of females was similar for both strains. Conclusions Using electrolytes as a nutritional intervention can help Pekin ducks cope with adverse high temperature and should be evaluated under more extreme high-temperature challenges. Implications Water electrolyte supplementation can support Pekin duck performance under high-temperature challenge.
BEND3 safeguards pluripotency by repressing differentiation-associated genes
Authors: Kurniawan Fredy , Chetlangia Neha , Kamran Mohammad , Redon Christophe E. , Pongor Lorinc , Sun Qinyu , Lin Yo-Chuen , Mohan Vijay , Shaqildi Oways , Asoudegi Darya , Hao Qinyu , Khan Abid , Aladjem Mirit I. , Prasanth Kannanganattu V. , Prasanth Supriya G.
Published: February 2022

Significance

The molecular basis of how the BEN domain–containing gene family regulates chromatin function and transcription remains to be elucidated. We report that BEND3 is highly expressed in pluripotent cells and binds to promoters of genes involved in differentiation. BEND3 regulates the expression of differentiation-associated genes by modulating the chromatin architecture at promoters. We propose that transcription repression mediated by BEND3 is essential for normal development and maintenance of pluripotency.
PRDM9
losses in vertebrates are coupled to those of paralogs
ZCWPW1
and
ZCWPW2
Authors: Cavassim Maria Izabel A. , Baker Zachary , Hoge Carla , Schierup Mikkel H. , Schumer Molly , Przeworski Molly
Published: February 2022

Significance

We take a phylogenetic approach to search for molecular partners of PRDM9, a key meiotic recombination gene, by leveraging the fact that the complete
PRDM9
gene has been lost at least 13 times independently in vertebrates. We identify two genes,
ZCWPW1
and its paralog
ZCWPW2
, whose presence or absence across vertebrates is coupled to that of
PRDM9
. ZCWPW1 was recently shown to be recruited to sites of PRDM9 binding and to aid in the repair of double strand breaks. ZCWPW2 is likely recruited to sites of PRDM9 binding as well; its tight coevolution with
PRDM9
across vertebrates suggests that it too plays an important role in mammals and beyond, either in double strand break formation or repair.
Specialized interferon action in COVID-19
Authors: Galbraith Matthew D. , Kinning Kohl T. , Sullivan Kelly D. , Araya Paula , Smith Keith P. , Granrath Ross E. , Shaw Jessica R. , Baxter Ryan , Jordan Kimberly R. , Russell Seth , Dzieciatkowska Monika , Reisz Julie A. , Gamboni Fabia , Cendali Francesca , Ghosh Tusharkanti , Guo Kejun , Wilson Cara C. , Santiago Mario L. , Monte Andrew A. , Bennett Tellen D. , Hansen Kirk C. , Hsieh Elena W. Y. , D’Alessandro Angelo , Espinosa Joaquin M.
Published: February 2022

Significance

The interferon (IFN) family of proteins plays key roles in the immune response against viruses and other pathogens. In the context of COVID-19, IFNs have been shown to be key for restraining SARS-CoV-2 infection but have also been described as drivers of severe symptoms. However, it is not fully understood how each member of the IFN family contributes to distinct aspects of COVID-19. We report here the results of a deep examination of 12 different IFNs in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, which revealed clear differences among IFNs in their associations with molecular, cellular, and physiological processes relevant to COVID-19 presentation.
Axioms for the category of Hilbert spaces
Authors: Heunen Chris , Kornell Andre
Published: February 2022

Significance

Hilbert spaces and their operators are the mathematical foundation of quantum mechanics. The problem of reconstructing this foundation from first principles has been open for nearly a century. What is mathematically special about Hilbert spaces and their operators? This paper gives a categorical axiomatization. Unlike previous partial results of this type, the axioms do not presuppose probabilities, complex amplitudes, or continuity and are not limited to finite dimension.
Label-free sensing of cells with fluorescence lifetime imaging: The quest for metabolic heterogeneity
Authors: Shirshin Evgeny A. , Shirmanova Marina V. , Gayer Alexey V. , Lukina Maria M. , Nikonova Elena E. , Yakimov Boris P. , Budylin Gleb S. , Dudenkova Varvara V. , Ignatova Nadezhda I. , Komarov Dmitry V. , Yakovlev Vladislav V. , Becker Wolfgang , Zagaynova Elena V. , Shcheslavskiy Vladislav I. , Scully Marlan O.
Published: February 2022

Significance

Tumors are complex systems characterized by spatial heterogeneity at the genetic, molecular, and cellular levels. Tumor heterogeneity is the critical phenomenon determining the difference in therapeutic outcomes for patients with similar histological diagnosis. Metabolic heterogeneity, i.e., the difference in cancer cell metabolism within a tumor and between tumors, is considered to be a negative prognostic factor and is accompanied by an increased probability of recurrence and higher mortality. Detection and quantification of metabolic heterogeneity can help in diagnosing cancer, assessing tumor progression, and optimizing cancer treatment. Here, we demonstrate that fluorescence lifetime imaging with the advanced detection and signal analysis system may allow rapid, sensitive, and noninvasive assessment of cellular metabolic heterogeneity in living cells.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid porous g-C3N4/CdS–diethylenetriamine S-scheme heterojunctions with enhanced visible light hydrogen production
Authors: Chen Dongdong , Li Xiaofeng , Dai Kai , Zhang Jinfeng , Dawson Graham
Published: February 2022

The activity of photocatalysts depends, to a large extent, on the separation of internal charge carriers, thereby enhancing the redox ability. S-scheme photocatalysts have shown good hydrogen-production performance, not only with good performance, but also with high reproducibility. In particular, two-dimensional (2D)/2D S-scheme heterojunction materials have attracted a great deal of attention because of the rapid charge separation and transfer rate between the interfaces. In this work, a porous g-C3N4/CdS–diethylenetriamine (PCN/CS–D) S-scheme heterojunction is designed and fabricated by a facile microwave method. The designed PCN/CS–D photocatalyst has a hydrogen-evolution rate of 12 547 μmol g−1 h−1, which is 15.6 and 2.4 times as high as that of PCN (806 μmol g−1 h−1) and CS–D (5209 μmol g−1 h−1), respectively. The combination of PCN and CS–D improves the separation of electron–hole pairs and the rate of charge transfer.
P

c
resonances in the compact pentaquark picture
Authors: Ruangyoo Wiriya , Phumphan Kanokphon , Xu Kai , Chen Chia-Chu , Limphirat Ayut , Yan Yupeng
Published: February 2022

P

c
resonances are studied in the approach of quark model and group theory. It is found that there are totally 17 possible pentaquark states with the quark contents

q

3

Q

Q

¯

(q are u and d quarks; Q is c quark) in the compact pentaquark picture, where the hidden charm pentaquark states may take the color singlet–singlet

(

[

111

]

q
q
q

⊗

[

111

]

c

c

¯

)

and color octet–octet

(

[

21

]

q
q
q

⊗

[

21

]

c

c

¯

)

configurations. The theoretical results of partial decay widths of the pentaquark states show that open charm channels are the dominant decay modes for almost all hidden charm pentaquark states, but there are four pentaquark states which decay through the pJ/ψ channel with sizable partial decay widths.
Creation of nitrogen-vacancy centers in chemical vapor deposition diamond for sensing applications
Authors: Luo T , Lindner L , Langer J , Cimalla V , Vidal X , Hahl F , Schreyvogel C , Onoda S , Ishii S , Ohshima T , Wang D , Simpson D A , Johnson B C , Capelli M , Blinder R , Jeske J
Published: February 2022

The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a promising quantum system for magnetometry applications exhibiting optical readout of minute energy shifts in its spin sub-levels. Key material requirements for NV ensembles are a high NV− concentration, a long spin coherence time and a stable charge state. However, these are interdependent and can be difficult to optimize during diamond growth and subsequent NV creation. In this work, we systematically investigate the NV center formation and properties in bulk chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond. The nitrogen flow during growth is varied by over four orders of magnitude, resulting in a broad range of single substitutional nitrogen concentrations of 0.2–20 parts per million. For a fixed nitrogen concentration, we optimize electron-irradiation fluences with two different accelerated electron energies, and we study defect formation via optical characterizations. We discuss a general approach to determine the optimal irradiation conditions, for which an enhanced NV concentration and an optimum of NV charge states can both be satisfied. We achieve spin–spin coherence times T
2 ranging from 45.5 to 549 μs for CVD diamonds containing 168 to 1 parts per billion NV− centers, respectively. This study shows a pathway to engineer properties of NV-doped CVD diamonds for improved sensitivity.
Connecting steady-states of driven-dissipative photonic lattices with spontaneous collective emission phenomena
Authors: González-Tudela Alejandro
Published: February 2022

Recent experimental advances enable the fabrication of photonic lattices in which the light propagates with engineered energy dispersions. When interfaced with quantum emitters, such systems yield strong collective spontaneous emission phenomena, such as perfect sub-radiance, in which the decay into the bath is completely suppressed, forming bound-states-in-the-continuum (BIC). Since such photonic lattices are generally lossy, an alternative way of probing them consists in coherently driving them to an steady-state from which photoluminescence can be extracted. Here, we formalize connections between these two seemingly different situations and use that intuition to predict the formation of non-trivial photonic steady-states in one and two dimensions. In particular, we show that subradiant emitter configurations are linked to the emergence of steady-state light-localization in the driven-dissipative setting, in which the light features the same form than the spontaneously formed BIC. Besides, we also find configurations which leads to the opposite behaviour, an anti-localization of light, that is, it distributes over all the system except for the region defined between the driving lasers. These results shed light on the recently reported optically-defined cavities in polaritonic lattices, and can guide further experimental studies.
Hawking radiation of Dirac particles from soft-hairy black holes
Authors: Zhang Wen-Jie , Mao Pu-Jian , Wu Jun-Bao
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we study the Hawking radiation of Dirac particles via tunneling formalism from linearly supertranslated Schwarzschild black holes. We find that the radiation spectrum and the Hawking temperature remain the same as the one without soft hair.
Dynamics and intermittent stochastic stabilization of a rumor spreading model with guidance mechanism in heterogeneous network
Authors: Zhong Xiaojing , Yang Yukun , Miao Runqing , Peng Yuqing , Liu Guiyun
Published: February 2022

We propose a novel rumor propagation model with guidance mechanism in heterogeneous complex networks. Firstly, the sharp threshold of rumor propagation, global stability of the information-equilibrium and information-prevailing-equilibrium under R
0 < 1 and R
0 > 1 is carried out by Lyapunov method and LaSalle’s invariant principle. Next, we design an aperiodically intermittent stochastic stabilization method to suppress the rumor propagation. By using the Itô formula and exponential martingale inequality, the expression of the minimum control intensity is calculated. This method can effectively stabilize the rumor propagation by choosing a suitable perturb intensity and a perturb time ratio, while minimizing the control cost. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the analysis and method of the paper.
Core structure and Peierls stress of the 90° dislocation and the 60° dislocation in aluminum investigated by the fully discrete Peierls model
Authors: Xiang Hao , Wang Rui , Deng Feng-Lin , Wang Shao-Feng
Published: February 2022

The core structure, Peierls stress and core energy, etc. are comprehensively investigated for the 90° dislocation and the 60° dislocation in metal aluminum using the fully discrete Peierls model, and in particular thermal effects are included for temperature range 0 ≤ T ≤ 900 K. For the 90° dislocation, the core clearly dissociates into two partial dislocations with the separating distance D ∼ 12 Å, and the Peierls stress is very small σ
p < 1 kPa. The nearly vanishing Peierls stress results from the large characteristic width and a small step length of the 90° dislocation. The 60° dislocation dissociates into 30° and 90° partial dislocations with the separating distance D ∼ 11 Å. The Peierls stress of the 60° dislocation grows up from 1 MPa to 2 MPa as the temperature increases from 0 K to 900 K. Temperature influence on the core structures is weak for both the 90° dislocation and the 60° dislocation. The core structures theoretically predicted at T = 0 K are also confirmed by the first principle simulations.
Dynamic polarizabilities of the clock states of Al+
Authors: Wei Yuan-Fei , Tang Zhi-Ming , Li Cheng-Bin , Yang Yang , Zou Ya-Ming , Cui Kai-Feng , Huang Xue-Ren
Published: February 2022

The dynamic polarizabilities of

3
s

2
1

S
0

and

3
s
3
p

3

P
0
o

states of Al+ are calculated using the hybrid configuration interaction and many-body perturbation theory method, and multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method in this work. Five ultraviolet magic wavelengths for the Al+ clock transition

3
s

2
1

S
0

–

3
s
3
p

3

P
0
o

are predicted. Although the suitable lasers are not available presently, the potential precision measurement on these magic wavelengths for the Al+ clock transition would be used to extract the ratios of several certain transition matrix elements with high accuracy, and then help to improve the precision and reliability of the estimate of the BBR shift of the Al+ clock transition. The differential dynamic polarizabilities at certain wavelengths are evaluated, which are useful to assess the ac Stark shift of the Al+ clock transition frequency and helpful in the clock experiments to suppress the ac Stark shift of the clock transition as possible as it can.
Hyperparameter on-line learning of stochastic resonance based threshold networks
Authors: Li Weijin , Ren Yuhao , Duan Fabing
Published: February 2022

Aiming at training the feed-forward threshold neural network consisting of nondifferentiable activation functions, the approach of noise injection forms a stochastic resonance based threshold network that can be optimized by various gradient-based optimizers. The introduction of injected noise extends the noise level into the parameter space of the designed threshold network, but leads to a highly non-convex optimization landscape of the loss function. Thus, the hyperparameter on-line learning procedure with respective to network weights and noise levels becomes of challenge. It is shown that the Adam optimizer, as an adaptive variant of stochastic gradient descent, manifests its superior learning ability in training the stochastic resonance based threshold network effectively. Experimental results demonstrate the significant improvement of performance of the designed threshold network trained by the Adam optimizer for function approximation and image classification.
Optical fiber FBG linear sensing systems for the on-line monitoring of airborne high temperature air duct leakage
Authors: Wang Qinyu , Tong Xinglin , Zhang Cui , Deng Chengwei , Xu Siyu , Wei Jingchuang
Published: February 2022

Electrical sensing systems, such as those involving eutectic salt, are mostly used in connection to leakage from existing airborne high-temperature air-conducting pipelines. Such complex structured systems are susceptible to external interferences and, thus, cannot meet the increasingly strict monitoring needs of a complex air-conducting pipeline system of an aircraft. In view of this point, this paper studies an alternative sensor system based on a dense array fiber grating. To obtain a compact and light-weight airborne signal processing system, a field programmable gate array is used as the main control core that controls the output of the light source. The functions of pulse modulation, analog-to-digital conversion, data buffering and transmission are integrated into a single system, while the linear sensing monitoring is obtained by detecting the time-division and wavelength-division wavelength drift signals of the fiber Bragg grating array. Our experiments show that the spatial resolution of the linear sensing system approaches 5 cm, the temperature measurement accuracy reaches 2 °C, the temperature measurement range is between 0–250 °C, and the response time is within 4 s. Compared with the existing electrical monitoring systems, various monitoring indicators have been greatly improved and have broad application prospects.
Shadows of magnetically charged rotating black holes surrounded by quintessence *
Authors: Sun Chengxiang , Liu Yunqi , Qian Wei-Liang , Yue Ruihong
Published: February 2022

In this work, we study the optical properties of a class of magnetically charged rotating black hole spacetimes. The black holes in question are assumed to be immersed in the quintessence field, and subsequently, the resulting black hole shadows are expected to be modified by the presence of dark energy. We investigate the photon region and the black hole shadow, especially their dependence on the relevant physical conditions, such as the quintessence state parameter, angular momentum, and magnetic charge magnitude. The photon regions depend sensitively on the horizon structure and possess intricate features. Moreover, from the viewpoint of a static observer, we explore a few observables, especially those associated with the distortion of the observed black hole shadows.
First equilibrium reconstruction for ITER with the code NICE
Authors: Faugeras B. , Blum J. , Boulbe C.
Published: February 2022

In this short paper we present the first application of the IMAS compatible code NICE to equilibrium reconstruction for ITER geometry. The inverse problem is formulated as a least square problem and the numerical methods implemented in NICE in order to solve it are presented. The results of a numerical experiment are shown: a reference equilibrium is computed from which a set of synthetic magnetic measurements are extracted. Then these measurements are used successfully to reconstruct the equilibrium of the plasma.
Promoting in-vivo bone regeneration using facile engineered load-bearing 3D bioactive scaffold
Authors: Dash Saumya , Pinky  , Arora Varun , Sachdeva Kunj , Sharma Harshita , Dinda Amit Kumar , Agrawal Ashwini Kumar , Jassal Manjeet , Mohanty Sujata
Published: February 2022

The worldwide incidence of bone disorders has trended steeply upward and is expected to get doubled by 2030. The biological mechanism of bone repair involves both osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. Despite the self-healing functionality after injury, bone tissue faces a multitude of pathological challenges. Several innovative approaches have been developed to prepare biomaterial-based bone grafts. To design a suitable bone material, the freeze-drying technique has achieved significant importance among the other conventional methods. However, the functionality of the polymeric freeze-dried scaffold in in-vivo osteogenesis is in a nascent stage. In this study facile, freeze-dried, biomaterial-based load-bearing three-dimensional porous composite scaffolds have been prepared. The biocompatible scaffolds have been made by using chitosan (C), polycaprolactone (P), hydroxyapatite (H), glass ionomer (G), and graphene (gr). Scaffolds of eight different groups (C, P, CP, CPH, CPHG, CPHGgr1, CPHGgr2, CPHGgr3) have been designed and characterized to evaluate their applicability in orthopedics. To evaluate the efficacy of the scaffolds a series of physio-chemical, morphological, and in-vitro and in-vivo biological experiments have been performed. From the obtained results it was observed that the CPHGgr1 is the ideal compatible material for Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the blood cells. The in-vitro bone-specific gene expression study revealed that the scaffold assists MSCs osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, the in-vivo study on the mice model was also performed for a period of four and eight weeks. The subcutaneous implantation of the designed scaffolds did not show any altered physiological condition in the animals, which indicated the in-vivo biocompatibility of the designed material. The histopathological study revealed that after eight weeks of implantation, the CPHGgr1 scaffold supported significantly better collagen deposition and calcification. The facile designing of the CPHGgr1 multicomponent nanocomposite provided an osteo-regenerative biomaterial with desired mechanical strength as an ideal regenerative material for cancellous bone tissue regeneration.
Substantiation of application of the order variable submission principle in the bioenergy theory of plant productivity
Authors: Dorokhov A S , Grishin A P , Grishin A A , Grishin V A , Semenova N A
Published: February 2022

It was shown that the agricultural branches of knowledge lacks calculus principles – the most important values for these branches and methods for determining these limiting theoretical values. For this reason, it is very difficult to use modern computer technologies in this industry. Another problem is the lack of a method for energy analysis of the bioconversion of radiant energy in plants. These problems are solved by using the well-known principle of synergy submission. We considered the production processes in a tomato plant when exposed to LE consisting of photosynthetic and thermal components and presented a synergistic model of these processes. It was experimentally proved that these components, according to the synergetics submission principle, are order variables, to which control variables are subordinated. We established a high degree of submission of control variables (growth of productive mass and thermoregulatory evaporation) to the order parameter (energy of light radiation in the form of its components). Calculations of plant productivity should begin with determining LE consisting of photosynthetic and thermal components that made it possible to design an exergy model, and subsequently an algorithm, for managing production processes and increasing productivity.
Results and prospects of introducing cultivated soybeans into crop rotations for sustainable development of the environment
Authors: Yakovleva M I , Mefodyev G A , Dimitriev V D , Eliseeva L V , Shashkarov L G
Published: February 2022

In increasing soil fertility, an important role belongs to legumes, which are capable of fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere. One of these crops is of great interest to soybeans. This crop can be successfully cultivated both green manure and fodder - for grain and green mass. For this, we studied four links of the crop rotation. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Department of Agriculture, Plant Growing, Breeding and Seed Production of the Chuvash State Agrarian University in 2018-2020. Experimental data showed that the most effective in all quantitative indicators are the links of crop rotation with leguminous crops - soybeans. The most productive were the links in the crop rotation: the second link in the crop rotation: cultivated soybeans - potatoes - barley and the fourth link in the crop rotation: cultivated soybeans - spring wheat - barley. The yield of potatoes and spring wheat in the second year after the soybean predecessor increased by 65.6% and 27.6%, compared with the control. The increase in barley in the aftereffect (third year) was 28.0% and 42.1%, respectively.
The problem of agricultural waste and ways to solve it
Authors: Agapkin A M , Makhotina I A , Ibragimova N A , Goryunova O B , Izembayeva A K , Kalachev S L
Published: February 2022

Billions of tons of agricultural waste are generated worldwide every year. In Russia the total amount of agricultural waste reaches 630-650 million tons annually. The situation with agricultural waste will only get worse, because on the one hand, this waste is a valuable raw material that can be used in agriculture (more than half of that is manure), and on the other hand, for the same reason, this waste creates great environmental and sanitary problems. The most promising way to solve the problem is to use manure for the production of organic fertilizers, which can be used in organic farming. The organic market is one of the most dynamically developing in the world, which is estimated at 198.1 billion US dollars in 2020, is projected to reach 495.9 billion US dollars by 2027. The solution of the problem of agricultural waste must be complex and includes legislative, economic and technological components. The article describes the need to support cooperation between producers of organic fertilizers, organic products and sellers of organic products. Variants of modification of the existing equipment for manure processing in order to obtain biologically active organic fertilizers are proposed.
Improving the efficiency and environmental reliability of water supply facilities using modern reagents
Authors: Vasiliev D V , Shayakhmetova A I , Ozden I V
Published: February 2022

This article considers methods of selection of modern reagents for treatment of industrial waste water. Based on these articles, it is proposed to replace the inefficient flocculant used in the mechanical treatment plants of one of the oil refineries with a more modern reagent. Thus, increase the efficiency and reliability of treatment facilities.
Personal subsidiary plots as a tool for sustainable development and overcoming the crisis in the agriculture
Authors: Zhichkin K , Zhichkina L , Kholopova Yu , Tolmacheva O , Skrynchenko B , Kudryavtsev V
Published: February 2022

Personal subsidiary plots still occupy a significant place in the production of agricultural products. Having appeared in the 1930s as an auxiliary tool for agrarian policy in the conduct of collectivization, over the next years they have shown their resilience in the face of crisis phenomena in the economy. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors influencing the development of private household plots, taking into account the political and economic characteristics of the country’s agricultural management. Within the framework of this study, the following tasks were solved: - a detailed analysis of the political and economic situation in the country was carried out; - analyzed the data of the household books of the settlement for the period 1935-2019; - statistical processing of the research results was carried out; - the regularities of the development of private household plots in the study period were revealed. As a result of the study, it was revealed that when signs of a crisis in the economy appear, rural residents to a greater extent transfer their business activities to personal subsidiary plots, using them as a tool of survival. When the crisis ends, business activity moves back to large agricultural or industrial production.
Features of the heterosis manifestation in monoecious hybrids of cannabis-free hemp and their resistance to adverse environmental conditions
Authors: Dimitriev V L , Shashkarov L G , Yeliseeva L V , Yeliseev I P , Yakovleva M I , Chernov A V
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the manifestation of heterosis by economically valuable traits in monoecious hybrids of hashishfree monoecious hemp. Heterosis is one of the reserves for increasing yields and improving the quality of hemp products. In terms of seed harvest, the vast majority of combinations exceed parental varieties. The highest outbreak of heterosis was obtained by crossing varieties Glukhovskaya-10 and YSO-1. In relation to the most productive parent, the degree of heterosis reaches 38.5%. An increase in seed harvest is a derivative of the heterosis of several components: the weight of the plant, the length of the inflorescence, the weight of seeds per plant, the weight of 1000 seeds and the number of seeds per plant. Of these, the most important are the weight of seeds per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds. According to the harvest of straw and fiber, the manifestation of heterosis is limited. Most hybrids have indicators equal to those of the best parental varieties. However, these hybrids significantly exceed the best monoecious variety YSO-1 recommended for cultivation, which is of practical interest. Hybrid plants are more resistant to adverse conditions than the parent varieties. Homeostasis of hybrids depends on the degree of heterozygosity of the organism, as well as the nature of the interaction of alleles of heterozygous loci. The results of our research show that it is possible to consciously control the process of obtaining highly productive hybrid seeds, spending a small amount of labor and funds for its implementation.
Development of waste-free production technologies for the food industry
Authors: Ya Kolman O , Ivanova G V , Glotova M V , Perestoronina A N
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the research of processed raw materials and the development of flour confectionery products on their basis. Since flour confectionery products are currently in high demand among the population of the Russian Federation, the main disadvantages of which are the high nutritional value and the absence of dietary fiber, water-soluble vitamins, and minerals in the chemical composition of this product, which the human body needs for normal functioning. Therefore, research aimed at developing a technology for obtaining flour confectionery products of increased nutritional value is acquiring special relevance. Based on the data carried out, it was revealed that the defatted viburnum oil meal is a promising source of dietary fiber and protein. It is proposed to obtain powder from viburnum oil meal. A recipe and a technological scheme for the production of sandy semi-finished product with viburnum opulus oil meal have been developed. The regulated indicators of the quality of the sandy semi-finished product with the common viburnum meal (physicochemical, microbiological, organoleptic) have been determined.
Analysis of correlation of agricultural products and number of agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Danilova S S , Borisov A I
Published: February 2022

This article explores the important problem of modernization and improvement in the field of agriculture, which is characteristic of regions, in particular, such a territorial entity of the Russian Federation as the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Justifications and reasons are given that distinguish Yakutia as one of the largest regions of the Far East, where the agricultural sphere is predominant. The relevance of agriculture today is undeniable, since there are many programs, grants and subsidies to support rural entrepreneurship. Research is subject to scientific, technical and innovative products of the agricultural sector, evidence of the causes of technical and technological shortcomings of the industry is given. An analysis of the interdependence of agricultural products and the number of agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is of practical importance. The article concludes with variations of decisions to increase the level of competitiveness of agricultural industries.
Modern problems and prospects for the agricultural land use development in the Irkutsk region
Authors: Chernigova D R , Ponamorenko E A
Published: February 2022

At present, attention a lot is paid to agriculture development. For example, the “State Program for the Agriculture Development and the Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food Markets Regulation”, the May 14 Russian Federation Government Decree, 2021 No. 731 “On the State Program for the Agricultural Lands Effective Involvement and the Russian Federation Land Reclamation Complex Development”, subsidies are allocated for agriculture, etc. But in our country some regions, the agricultural industry is a non-priority. This also applies to the Irkutsk region. The article reveals the reasons for the agriculture backwardness in the Irkutsk region. In particular, the main reasons for this are that the agricultural land use nature idea is usually determined by the agricultural land structure in the district total area; the Irkutsk region land’s natural fertility cannot be considered high; agricultural production low efficiency, etc. The question arises, what are the most realistic directions and prospects for the agricultural land use development in the region in the coming period? It is necessary to develop a concept for agricultural land use in the Irkutsk region, and it should be based on the land intensification basic principles; to bring agricultural products to the consumer, i.e., improve infrastructure and processing services in the region agricultural areas; personal subsidiary and peasant (farm) farms should complement large enterprises, since the first of them can more efficiently use the agricultural land and their location-specific features, etc.
Methodology for monitoring soil moisture in systems of double-acting irrigation
Authors: Semenova K S , Kablukov O V
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the research is, based on the analysis of field studies, to select a well for sampling soil moisture relative to the entire inter-drain space for monitoring double-acting irrigation systems. To solve the problem, a monitoring system on double-acting irrigation systems, providing two-way regulation of the water regime in the root layer of the soil, as well as to ensure fire safety of the entire peat profile. Based on the results of field studies on the peat bogs of the Dubna river floodplain in the Moscow Region, a representative sampling point for monitoring double-acting irrigation systems has been substantiated. The sampling point should be located on an area with the same relief, the soil profile should be uniform with the properties and soil morphology characteristic of the entire field. Wells for taking moisture samples are recommended to be installed at a distance of ¼E (E is the distance between channels), in this case the measured moisture value will be closest to the average value in relation to the entire site. For the soil conditions of the experimental site, the moisture content in the selected well during sluicing in the dry summer period increased by 1.5 times to the anti-fire moisture standard. If the water level in the canal is maintained up to 85 cm for 5 or more hours, the humidity will rise to anti-fire moisture in the dry period.
The mechanism of regulation of agriculture in the formation of a sustainable food system of Russia
Authors: Zhupley I V , Schmidt Yu I , Zadvorneva E P
Published: February 2022

The study shows the need for a correct combination of state and market regulation of the agrarian sector of the Russian Federation; the structure of the mechanism for regulating agriculture in Russia is given; characterizes the main methods and levers of regulatory impact on agriculture; the special role of the mechanism of regulation of agriculture is reflected for the formation of a sustainable food system. The problems of applying the methods of regulating influence (insurance, pricing, crediting, taxation) are revealed. The article analyzes the impact of price disparity on the efficiency of agricultural enterprises (on the example of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia). It assesses the losses of agricultural producers in the region due to price disparity in agriculture. Formulated conclusions about the need to improve pricing policy.
State regulation measures and existing state strategy for the development of petrochemical industry in Russia
Authors: Gabdullina G K , Mullagayanova G S , Khusainova S V , Gafiyatov I Z , Nygmetova B D
Published: February 2022

Development of petrochemical industry, in particular the increase in the efficiency and quality of refined products, necessitates high long-term capital expenditures from oil companies. Today the process of petrochemical industry modernization is facing certain difficulties, which include lack of high-quality modern technologies and engineering, instability of tax policy, lack of qualified personnel, underfunding of projects, low profitability of oil refineries, high dependence on imports of the industry, etc. Complexity of the domestic petrochemical industry development underpins its support from the state. Currently, the development of petrochemical industry is enshrined in three state program documents. These documents include general scheme for the development of oil industry for the period up to 2020, the plan for the development of gas and petrochemicals in Russia for the period up to 2030 and the strategy for the development of chemical and petrochemical complex for the period of up to 2030. This article examines state regulation measures and existing state strategy for the development of petrochemical industry in Russia, as well as the impact and consequences of this regulation reflected on the activities of corporations.
Ecological plasticity and stability of spelt wheat samples under Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe conditions
Authors: Popova N M
Published: February 2022

The studies were carried out on the experimental field of Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture in Krasnoyarsk open forest-steppe in 2012-2014. The agrometeorological conditions of the crop season during the years of research developed in contrast: from arid in 2012 (GTC - 0.84) to excessively wet in 2013 (GTC - 2.20), which led to significant variation in yield. The study of samples of naked and aristulate spelt wheat in comparison with the standard variety of durum spring wheat Omskaya Stepnaya (Omsk region) in terms of ecological plasticity and stability made it possible to isolate valuable samples for further selection. In terms of yield among naked spelt wheat, samples from Leningrad region are of greatest interest: L 133*Protein is 246.33 g/m2, L 196/3 L-13 is 271.16 g/m2, L 133*Pkk is 249.17 g/m2. From filmy emmer wheat, the varieties Belka (Leningrad Region) (472.00 g/m2) and Runo (Krasnodar Territory) (407.25 g/m2) exceeded the standard for this indicator. In breeding varieties of spelt wheat a sample of naked spelt wheat - L 71/10 (Leningrad region) can be used as a source as it is the most responsive variety to improving growing conditions (intensive background); and when creating varieties with stable yields, durum spring wheat Omskaya stepnaya (Omsk region) can be used as a source.
Modeling the operation of recuperative ventilation system of cowshed with air-fountain adsorption devices
Authors: Kamenskih A D , Onuchin E M , Kostromin D V , Simonov A L , Medyakov A A
Published: February 2022

Analysis of promising directions for the development of technical means for providing a microclimate at livestock farms shows that the most promising are aerial adsorption and catalytic apparatuses. To assess the effectiveness of the application of the developed technological solutions, the modeling of the operation of the recuperative ventilation system of the barn with air-flow adsorption devices was carried out. The results obtained show that the required microclimate in the barn is provided. The required number of heat transfer units for the air fountain heater and heat exchanger, as well as the rational value of the specific capacity of the gasholder, have been determined.
Assessment of the effect of a colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles on the sowing quality of seeds
Authors: Suntsova L N , Keler V V , Sheklein D M
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of laboratory studies to assess the effect of a colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles on the sowing quality of wheat seeds of the Novosibirskaya 15 strain recommended for cultivation in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and an assessment of its influence on its seed productivity. It was found that the use of a colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles in the processing of seed material of the Novosibirskaya 15 soft spring wheat strain significantly increases the rate of seed growth, raising it from 63% in the control to 87% in the variant with a 50% solution of silver nanoparticles. It was found that the colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles did not affect on the indicators of seed germination and their germination energy.