bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9 expression in primary triple negative and oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer and in vitro signalling
Authors: van Houtum Eline JH , Valk Anne HC , Granado Daniel , Lok Jasper , van den Bogaard Lune , Remkes Naomi , van Eck van der Sluijs Jesper , Span Paul N , Cornelissen Lenneke AM , Adema Gosse J
Published: September 2024

Objectives

PD‐1/PD‐L1 immune checkpoint blockade can be an effective treatment for advanced breast cancer patients. However, patients with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) tumors often display only low lymphocyte infiltration, while a large part of triple negative (TN) breast tumors does not generate an effective immunotherapy response. Therefore, new treatment strategies have to be developed. Here, we investigate Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9 as novel ITIM‐bearing inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors similar to PD‐1, but expressed on a broader range of immune cells.

Methods

We assessed Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9 (ligand) expression in TN and ER+ breast cancer tumors and their breast cancer cell line‐induced signalling.

Results

We report that Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9 are highly expressed in TN tumors, and to a low extent in ER+ tumors. Siglec‐7 was observed on myeloid cells, T cells, and NK cells and Siglec‐9 preferentially on myeloid cells. Expression of sialoglycans, including Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9 ligands, was observed in both TN and ER+ breast cancer tissue sections. Expression levels of Siglec‐7 and Siglec‐9 ligands were higher on in vitro cultured TN cell lines than ER+ cell lines. Importantly, by applying chimeric Siglec‐7 reporter cells, we showed the induction of Siglec‐7 signalling by multiple TN cell lines, but only by one ER+ cell line. Moreover, Siglec‐7 signalling is directly related to Siglec‐7 ligand expression levels of breast cancer cell lines.

Conclusion

These data imply that immunotherapy targeting Siglec receptors may be particularly interesting for TN breast cancer patients not responding to current treatment strategies with tumors displaying high immune cell infiltration.
Size and fluorescence calibrated imaging flow cytometry: From arbitrary to standard units
Authors: Woud Wouter W. , Pugsley Haley R. , Bettin Britta A. , Varga Zoltán , van der Pol Edwin
Published: September 2024

Imaging flow cytometry (IFCM) is a technique that can detect, size, and phenotype extracellular vesicles (EVs) at high throughput (thousands/minute) in complex biofluids without prior EV isolation. However, the generated signals are expressed in arbitrary units, which hinders data interpretation and comparison of measurement results between instruments and institutes. While fluorescence calibration can be readily achieved, calibration of side scatter (SSC) signals presents an ongoing challenge for IFCM. Here, we present an approach to relate the SSC signals to particle size for IFCM, and perform a comparability study between three different IFCMs using a plasma EV test sample (PEVTES). SSC signals for different sizes of polystyrene (PS) and hollow organosilica beads (HOBs) were acquired with a 405 nm 120 mW laser without a notch filter before detection. Mie theory was applied to relate scatter signals to particle size. Fluorescence calibration was accomplished with 2 μm phycoerythrin (PE) and allophycocyanin (APC) MESF beads. Size and fluorescence calibration was performed for three IFCMs in two laboratories. CD235a‐PE and CD61‐APC stained PEVTES were used as EV‐containing samples. EV concentrations were compared between instruments within a size range of 100–1000 nm and a fluorescence intensity range of 3–10,000 MESF. 81 nm PS beads could be readily discerned from background based on their SSC signals. Fitting of the obtained PS bead SSC signals with Mie theory resulted in a coefficient of determination >0.99 between theory and data for all three IFCMs. 216 nm HOBs were detected with all instruments, and confirmed the sensitivity to detect EVs by SSC. The lower limit of detection regarding EV‐size for this study was determined to be ~100 nm for all instruments. Size and fluorescence calibration of IFCM data increased cross‐instrument data comparability with the coefficient of variation decreasing from 33% to 21%. Here we demonstrate – for the first time – scatter calibration of an IFCM using the 405 nm laser. The quality of the scatter‐to‐diameter relation and scatter sensitivity of the IFCMs are similar to the most sensitive commercially available flow cytometers. This development will support the reliability of EV research with IFCM by providing robust standardization and reproducibility, which are pre‐requisites for understanding the biological significance of EVs.
Tricholoma matsutake heptapeptide prevents gastric mucosa injury by regulating oxidative stress‐related mitochondrial function and mucous layer integrity
Authors: Lv Renzhi , Lu Zhiqiang , Zheng Zhihong , Bao Zhijie , Lin Songyi
Published: September 2024

Short‐term excessive alcohol consumption easily leads to ethanolic gastric injury. Recent research on bioactive functional factors in preventing and treating ethanol‐induced acute gastric injury has garnered attention. This study explored the direct protective effects of the Tricholoma matsutake‐derived peptide Ser–Ala–Pro–Trp–Gly–Leu–Ala (SAPWGLA) on ethanol‐induced acute gastric damage. The results showed that SAPWGLA showed dose‐dependent protection against gastric mucosal injury, including the regulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function, as well as the enhancement of mucosal barrier integrity. SAPWGLA maintained normal mitochondrial metabolism by alleviating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; 400 mg/mL SAPWGLA reduced ROS levels by 81.72 ± 1.55% and reversed the decrease of MMP by ethanol to 1.22 ± 0.01 (J‐aggregates/monomer) in GES‐1 cells. Also, SAPWGLA enhanced the tight junctions between GES‐1 cells. In addition, SAPWGLA improved the integrity of the mucosal barrier by maintaining the balance of the mucus layer and regulating the expression of TJ proteins. Daily oral administration of SAPWGLA (50 mg/kg) exhibited a restoration in hexosamine to 10.76 ± 0.73 mg/g prot, a regulation in claudin‐1, occludin, and ZO‐1 (1.21‐, 1.39‐, and 0.73‐fold of the control group). These findings suggest that SAPWGLA can be a potential novel therapeutic approach to dealing with acute gastric injury caused by ethanol.
Key actors in neuropathophysiology: The role of γδ T cells
Authors: Bulgur Deniz , Moura Raquel Macedo , Ribot Julie C.
Published: September 2024

The neuroimmune axis has been the focus of many studies, with special emphasis on the interactions between the central nervous system and the different immune cell subsets. T cells are namely recognized to play a critical role due to their interaction with nerves, by secreting cytokines and neurotrophins, which regulate the development, function, and survival of neurons. In this context, γδ T cells are particularly relevant, as they colonize specific tissues, namely the meninges, and have a wide variety of complex functions that balance physiological systems. Notably, γδ T cells are not only key components for maintaining brain homeostasis but are also responsible for triggering or preventing inflammatory responses in various pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases as well as neuropsychiatric and developmental disorders. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of the art on the contribution of γδ T cells in neuropathophysiology and delve into the molecular mechanisms behind it. We aim to shed light on γδ T cell functions in the central nervous system while highlighting upcoming challenges in the field and providing new clues for potential therapeutic strategies.
Next‐Generation Time‐Resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance for Direct Visualizing Mechanisms in Radical Chemistry
Authors: Zhou Shengqi , Zhang Shixue , Guo Xingwei
Published: September 2024

Radical chemistry is an important research field that plays a vital role in life science, material science, and energy conversions. However, directly visualizing the transient open‐shell intermediates unambiguously in radical chemistry is a significant and long‐standing challenge. Recently, we have developed an innovative ultrawide single‐sideband phase‐sensitive detection (U‐PSD) time‐resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) technique, which enables the characterization of diverse transient radical intermediates and mechanistic studies close to reaction conditions. In this brief review, we will offer an outline of the principles underlying our U‐PSD TREPR technique, and present examples highlighting the technique's ability to accurately characterize and track free radical intermediates in photocatalytic reactions.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Polycyclic Spiroindolines via Intramolecular 1,2‐Acyloxy Migration‐Cyclization Cascade
Authors: Chen Jing , Chen Zhuoya , Yu Mingming , Xu Ze‐Feng , Li Chuan‐Ying
Published: September 2024

Herein, a novel and efficient protocol for the synthesis of polycyclic spiroindolines is realized through a 1,2‐acyloxy migration‐cyclization cascade starting from ester‐tethered 1,2,3‐triazoles. [6,5,5,6] and [6,5,6,6] ring skeleton are constructed in moderate to excellent yields.
Drivers to seismic hazard curve slope
Authors: Cito Pasquale , Iervolino Iunio
Published: September 2024

The slope of a linear approximation of a probabilistic seismic hazard curve, when it is represented in the log‐log scale, is a key parameter for seismic risk assessment based on closed‐form solutions, and other applications. On the other hand, it is observed that different hazard models can provide, at the same site, comparable ground shaking, yet appreciably different slopes for the same exceedance return period. Moreover, the slope at a given return period can increase or decrease from low‐ to high‐hazardous sites, depending on the models the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) is based on. In the study, the sensitivity of the slope to the main model components involved in PSHA was explored, that is: the earthquake rate, the magnitude and source‐to‐site distance distributions, and the value of the residual of ground motion models (GMM). With reference to a generic site, affected by an ideal seismic source zone, where magnitude follows the Gutenberg‐Richter (G‐R) relationship, it was found that the local slope of hazard curve increases with the following factors in descending order of importance: (i) increasing distance from the source; (ii) decreasing maximum magnitude and increasing ‐value of the G‐R model; (iii) increasing rate of earthquakes of interest; (iv) increasing residual of the GMM. These results help explain the systematic differences in hazard curve slopes found in three authoritative hazard models for Italy, and the related impact on simplified risk assessment.
Predicting soil loss in small watersheds under different emission scenarios from CMIP6 using random forests
Authors: Chen Yulan , Wang Nan , Jiao Juying , Li Jianjun , Bai Leichao , Liang Yue , Wei Yanhong , Zhang Ziqi , Xu Qian , Zhang Zhixin , Wang Jiaxi
Published: September 2024

Soil loss is a common land degradation process worldwide, which is impacted by land use and climate change. In this study, random forests (RF) were first used to establish a soil loss model at the scale of a small watershed in the hilly‐gully region of the Loess Plateau based on the field observation data. Subsequently, the model was used to predict soil loss in the Chabagou watershed under the historical (1990–2020) and future emission scenarios, namely SSP1–2.6 (low‐emission), SSP2–4.5 (medium‐emission) and SSP5–8.5 (high‐emission) (2030–2,100) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phases 6 (CMIP6). In the RF model, the coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NS) were both greater than 0.86, and the RMSE‐observations standard deviation ratio (RSR) was less than 0.36. Additionally, the RF‐based model had higher simulation accuracy and robustness than those of the previous soil loss models, indicating its potential for wider applications in simulating soil loss. Compared with soil loss between 1990 and 1999, climate change led to a 35.36% increase in soil loss, while land use change resulted in an 11.13% reduction from 2000 to 2020 in the Chabagou watershed. This reveals that the current land use management could not effectively counterbalance the soil loss caused by rainstorms. Furthermore, compared with the historical period (1990–2020), under SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5 (2030–2,100), the soil loss rates without land use change would be increased by 6.01%, 19.11% and 35.35%, while the soil loss rates with land use change would be changed by −5.88%, +4.41% and +19.12%, respectively. These results help to provide a scientific basis for enhancing the capacity to respond to climate change and mitigation of soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau.
Low‐Temperature Annealed Fe‐Doped ZnO on Bamboo‐Derived Porous Carbon: High‐Performance Ternary Nanocomposite for Asymmetric Supercapacitors With Superior Capacitance and Stability
Authors: Gunasekaran Sivagaami Sundari , Jose Sujin P. , Vediappan Kumar , Lee Changwoo , Subashchandrabose Raghu
Published: September 2024

In this study, we present a strategy of synergistic lowest‐temperature annealing, and solvent‐casting to synthesize Fe‐doped ZnO anchored porous activated carbon‐based ternary nanocomposite for asymmetric supercapacitor applications with an extended potential window of 1.2 V. The prepared nanocomposite shows a “stacked‐table” like morphology with pores in the surface and walls of the carbon matrix. The incorporation of Fe‐doped ZnO onto the carbon skeleton improves the conductivity by controlling morphology and specific capacitances through fast electron transfer property. The prepared nanocomposite delivers a specific capacitance of ~930 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1. The fabricated ASC device delivers the specific capacitance of ~480 Fg−1, energy and power density of ~266.6 Whkg−1 and ~1998.5 Wkg−1 at a current of 1 and 10 Ag−1 respectively, respectively maintaining its remarkable capacitance of about 98.5% across 10 000 cycles. This superior performance can be attributed to the significant contact between the positive/negative electrode and the electrolyte which reduces the pathway of the diffused ions and enhances the conductivity of the porous carbon material aiding the electrons to travel towards the current collector. The low‐temperature annealing and solvent casting strategy pave the way for the use of facile synthesis of Fe‐doped ZnO as an efficient material for high‐power supercapacitor applications.
Tracing subducted oceanic slabs in the mantle by using molybdenum isotopes: A case study of intraplate basalts from Northeast China
Authors: Zheng Qifang , Gao Xiuhe , Fan Zhenyu , He Guangyu , Wang Qian , Fitton Jane , Zhou Daoqing
Published: September 2024

Determining subduction‐related processes is crucial for understanding lithological heterogeneity, as substantial quantities of slabs are recycled into the mantle. Molybdenum isotopes are valuable for distinguishing sources materials due to the significant isotope differences between the crust and the mantle. In this study, we systematically investigate Mo isotopes in a suite of well‐characterized continental basalts from Keluo and Halaha‐Chaoer, located in Northeast China. The δ98Mo values of Keluo range from −0.41 to −0.23‰, with an average of −0.34‰, while Halaha‐Chaoer samples ranged from −0.18 to −0.12‰, with an average of −0.15‰. The δ98Mo values of Keluo basalts are lighter than the mean value of fresh oceanic basalts (−0.21‰), whereas those of Halaha‐Chaoer basalts are similar to oceanic basalts. Combined with other geochemical indications (LOI, Ce/Pb, La/Yb and so on), the Mo isotopic variations cannot be attributed to chemical weathering, continental crust contamination or magmatic processes. Instead, the δ98Mo variations in this study are explained by the incorporation of different oceanic crustal materials into the magma sources. Correlations of δ98Mo with Ba/Th, Th/U, 143Nd/144Nd indicated that both sediment and altered oceanic crust have significantly influenced these variations. This study demonstrates the potential of Mo isotopes to distinguish different types of recycled oceanic crust materials.
Guide to capnography in dogs and cats
Authors: Damian Giovanni , Burman Rachel , Flaherty Derek
Published: September 2024

Background: Capnography is a monitoring tool that is increasingly available in veterinary practice, providing valuable information regarding ventilatory status and tissue perfusion. While its main use is during general anaesthesia, capnography can also be applied in conscious/sedated animals.

Aim of the article: This article describes how capnography works, the different devices available, and how to interpret the information provided. A discussion regarding troubleshooting is presented to help identify and solve common issues that may arise while using capnography.
Diagnosing and treating mammary tumours in cats
Authors: Lopes Mariana , Morris Jo
Published: September 2024

Background: Mammary tumours remain one of the most common types of cancer in female cats. Management recommendations are still not well established, but early diagnosis and treatment can have a positive impact on outcome.

Aim of the article: This article describes the signalment, diagnostic work up, treatment and prognosis for cats diagnosed with mammary tumours, alongside recent literature updates.
The impact of psychological resilience and gender on the relationship between trauma‐coping perception and levels of secondary traumatic stress in mental health workers
Authors: Özbay Ahmet , Bülbül Ayşe E.
Published: September 2024

This study examined the mediating role of psychological resilience and gender on mental health workers' perceptions of coping with trauma and secondary traumatic stress. Following the February 6 earthquake, the study group consisted of 212 mental health workers who came from various provinces of Turkey to support the earthquake region. We collected data using the “Perception of Coping with Trauma Scale,” “Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale,” “Brief Psychological Resilience Scale,” and “Personal Information Form.” We conducted analyses using PROCESS Macro Model 4 and Model 8. The results show that the perception of coping with trauma indirectly affects secondary traumatic stress through psychological resilience. The relationship between men's perception of coping with trauma and their psychological resilience appears to be greater than that of women. The direct effect of perceptions of coping with trauma on secondary traumatic stress also varies by gender. As men's perceptions of coping with trauma and psychological resilience decrease, the level of secondary traumatic stress increases. We found no significant relationship between these three variables in women. We found that psychological resilience and gender mediate the relationship between perceptions of coping with trauma and secondary traumatic stress. While this relationship was significant for men, it was not significant for women.
Excess iron accumulation affects maize endosperm development by inhibiting starch synthesis and inducing DNA damage
Authors: Zang Jie , Yao Xueyan , Zhang Tengfei , Yang Boming , Wang Zhen , Quan Shuxuan , Zhang Zhaogui , Liu Juan , Chen Huabang , Zhang Xiansheng , Hou Yifeng
Published: September 2024

Iron (Fe) storage in cereal seeds is the principal source of dietary Fe for humans. In maize (Zea mays), the accumulation of Fe in seeds is known to be negatively correlated with crop yield. Hence, it is essential to understand the underlying mechanism, which is crucial for developing and breeding maize cultivars with high yields and high Fe concentrations in the kernels. Here, through the successful application of in vitro kernel culture, we demonstrated that excess Fe supply in the medium caused the kernel to become collapsed and lighter in color, consistent with those found in yellow strip like 2 (ysl2, a small kernel mutant), implicated a crucial role of Fe concentration in kernel development. Indeed, over‐accumulation of Fe in endosperm inhibited the abundance and activity of ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and the kernel development defect was alleviated by overexpression of Briittle 2 (Bt2, encoding a small subunit of AGPase) in ysl2 mutant. Imaging and quantitative analyses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death showed that Fe stress‐induced ROS burst and severe DNA damage in endosperm cells. In addition, we have successfully identified candidate genes that are associated with iron homeostasis within the kernel, as well as upstream transcription factors that regulate ZmYSL2 by yeast one‐hybrid screening. Collectively, our study will provide insights into the molecular mechanism of Fe accumulation‐regulated seed development and promote the future efficient application of Fe element in corn improvement.
Long‐term safety of sapropterin in paediatric and adult individuals with phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency: Final results of the Kuvan® Adult Maternal Paediatric European Registry multinational observational study
Authors: Feillet François , Arnoux Jean‐Baptiste , Delgado María Bueno , Burlina Alberto , Chabrol Brigitte , Kucuksayrac Ece , Lagler Florian B. , Muntau Ania C. , Olsson David , Paci Sabrina , Rutsch Frank , van Spronsen Francjan J. ,   the KAMPER investigators
Published: September 2024

Phenylketonuria is a rare inherited disorder that disrupts the metabolism of phenylalanine (Phe) to tyrosine by phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). Sapropterin dihydrochloride (Kuvan®) is approved for use in Europe to reduce blood Phe levels and improve Phe tolerance in sapropterin‐responsive individuals. KAMPER (NCT01016392) is an observational, multinational registry assessing long‐term safety and efficacy of sapropterin. Five hundred and seventy‐six participants with PAH deficiency were enrolled from nine European countries (69 sites; December 2009–May 2016). Participants were aged <4 years (n = 11), 4 to <12 years (n = 329), 12 to <18 years (n = 141), and ≥18 years (n = 95) at enrolment. Overall, 401 (69.6%) participants experienced a total of 1960 adverse events; 61 events in 42 participants were serious, and two were considered sapropterin‐related by the investigator. Mean (standard deviation) actual dietary Phe intake increased from baseline across all age groups: 957 (799) mg/day to a maximum of 1959 (1121) mg/day over a total study period of 11 years. Most participants exhibited an increase in Phe tolerance while blood Phe levels remained in the target range for their age (120–360 μmol/L for <12 years; 120–600 μmol/L for ≥12 years). Most participants exhibited normal growth for height, weight, and body mass index. No additional safety concerns were identified. As an observational study, limitations include variability in routine care practices and inconsistent availability of data. Long‐term sapropterin use demonstrates a favourable safety profile in real‐world settings and increases Phe tolerance in participants with PAH deficiency while maintaining blood Phe levels in the target ranges.
To escape the pain: Paths to voluntary turnover, social pain, and influences on the selection of a new job role
Authors: Merritt Stephanie , Boyle Elizabeth , Johnson Christopher , Niemann Paul , Parsley Sammie
Published: September 2024

The unfolding model of voluntary turnover established that there is no “one size fits all” turnover experience. Anecdotal evidence suggests that voluntary turnover experiences can be painful, yet the role of social pain (as distinct from dissatisfaction) in turnover and subsequent job selection has not yet received much scholarly attention. In Study 1, we re‐analyze 13 detailed case histories of employees who had recently quit one organization and entered another. Using a cluster analysis of the terms they used when describing their reasons for leaving and when describing what attracted them to their new roles, we find that experiencing social pain in the prior role affected the things people prioritized when selecting a new role. Furthermore, sentiment analysis revealed that higher social pain was linked with lower positive sentiment (hope, excitement, joy, etc.) during the job search process. Study 2 creates a self‐report measure of social pain, and Study 3 quantitatively reaffirms the relationship between social pain and subsequent affect. This set of studies provides initial evidence that social pain is different from the attitudinal constructs that have been traditionally incorporated into voluntary turnover models (e.g., satisfaction, commitment, embeddedness) and that social pain may have implications for turnover, retention, and employees' post‐turnover destinations.
Rating with the senses: How sensory encounters are reflected on online review ratings?
Authors: Hallikainen Heli , Halinen Marianna , Tervonen Hannes , Ruusunen Nino , Wang Yuyu
Published: September 2024

Sensory encounters are an essential component of the customer experience. However, most of the research conducted thus far has used self‐reported measuring techniques to address sensory experiences, which have limitations in holistically capturing the sensory encounters. Text analysis coupled with online reviews provides valuable customer experience information and at the same time, the data contains many suggestions regarding consumers’ sensory experiences. Consequently, online review data can be used to gain insights into how consumers’ sensory experiences—visual, olfactory, auditory, gustatory, and tactile—are represented in the dynamics of online reviews. Using a data set of 13,575 online reviews from Trustpilot and expanding upon the vocabulary of senses, we investigate how customers’ sensory experiences during grocery shopping relate to online review ratings. We discover that the interaction is more complex than one might think because the review star rating rises in the presence of visual and gustatory cues, while the effects of auditory, olfactory, and tactile cues are not demonstrated. We recommend marketers to monitor eWOM related to their own brand, as it can provide indications of what kind of sensory experiences customers have encountered.
Bycatch mitigation for commonly caught shark species in the Gulf of Mexico reef bottom longline fishery
Authors: O'Farrell Halie B. , Babcock Elizabeth A. , McCarthy Kevin J.
Published: September 2024

Objective

The Gulf of Mexico (GOM) reef bottom longline fishery typically not only targets groupers and snappers but also interacts with 27 species of sharks, which are primarily discarded as bycatch. Slow growth, late maturity, and low fecundity in a landscape of increasing fishing pressure make sharks comparatively more susceptible to overfishing and endangered status than other fishes. The purpose of this study was to determine which gear and/or environmental variables best predict the shark catch per set for commonly caught shark species in the GOM reef bottom longline fishery.

Methods

We considered 12 commonly caught shark species that vary from the abundant Atlantic Sharpnose Shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae to the critically endangered Scalloped Hammerhead Sphyrna lewini. Catch per set, effort, gear, and environmental data were taken from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service observer dataset for the GOM reef bottom longline fishery (2009–2017) and were used to fit generalized additive models. The Bayesian information criterion and 10-fold cross-validation were used to select the best set of variables that predicted catch per set to determine gear configurations, fisher activities, and environmental conditions contributing to higher shark catch per unit effort. We modeled each species individually, all species combined, and species grouped by similar ecology.

Result

Gear and fishing method variables were consistently included in the best predictive models across species and were the only potential basis for a single strategy that could decrease bycatch across all 12 species. Patterns of environmental variables were only consistent across species with similar ecology and habitat.

Conclusion

Sharks as a group should not be lumped together, as the effects of mitigation measures become confounded and directly managing trade-offs between species when minimizing bycatch becomes impossible. Focusing on gear rather than environmental variables is the best apparent option to potentially reduce shark catch per set across commonly caught species while minimizing trade-offs.
Study finds helpful treatment for antidepressant nonresponders
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: September 2024

Although repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for depression, little is known about the comparative effectiveness of rTMS and other treatment options, such as antidepressants, researchers stated in a new study published in the September issue of the American Journal of Psychiatry (AJP). To address this objective, researchers used rTMS as a treatment for patients with treatment‐resistant depression (TRD).
IVIM parameters mapping with artificial neural network based on mean deviation prior
Authors: Hu Guodong , Ye Chen , Zhong Ming , Lei Chao , Qin Junpeng , Wang Lihui
Published: September 2024

Background

The diffusion and perfusion parameters derived from intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging provide promising biomarkers for noninvasively quantifying and managing various diseases. Nevertheless, due to the distribution gap between simulated and real datasets, the out‐of‐distribution (OOD) problem occurred in supervised learning‐based methods degrades their performance and hinders their real applications.

Purpose

To address the OOD problem in supervised methods and to further improve the accuracy and stability of IVIM parameter estimation, this work proposes a novel learning framework called IterANN, based on mean deviation prior (MDP) between training and estimated IVIM parameters on the test set.

Methods

Specifically, MDP indicates that the mean of the estimated IVIM parameters always locates between the mean of IVIM parameters in the test and train sets. In IterANN, we adopt a very simple artificial neural network (ANN) architecture of two hidden layers with 12 neurons per hidden layer, an input layer containing the signals acquired at multiple b‐values and an output layer composed of three IVIM parameters (, and ). Inspired by MDP, the distribution of IVIM parameters in the training set (simulated data) is iteratively updated so that their mean gradually approaches the predicted values of the real data. This aims to achieve a strong correlation between the simulated data and the real data. To validate the effectiveness of IterANN, we compare it with several methods on both simulation and real acquisition datasets, including 21 healthy and 3 tumor subjects, in terms of residual errors of IVIM parameters or DW signals, the coefficients of variation (CV) of IVIM parameters, and the parameter contrast‐to‐noise ratio (PCNR) between normal and tumor tissues.

Results

On two simulation datasets, the proposed IterANN achieves the lowest residual error in IVIM parameters, especially in the case of low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR = 10), the residual error of , and is decreased by (Gaussian distribution /realistic distribution) respectively comparing to the suboptimal method. On real dataset, the IterANN achieves the highest PCNR when comparing the normal and tumor regions. Additionally, the proposed IterANN demonstrated better stability, with its CV being significantly lower than that of other methods in the vast majority of cases (, paired‐sample Student's t‐test).

Conclusions

The superior performance of IterANN demonstrates that updating the distribution of the train set based on MDP can effectively solve the OOD problem, which allows us not only to improve the accuracy and stability of the estimated IVIM parameters, but also to increase the potential of IVIM in disease diagnosis.
Does Financial Development Induce Total Factor Productivity Growth in an Emerging Economy? The Role of Gender Human Capital
Authors: Pal Shreya , Mahalik Mantu Kumar , Mallick Hrushikesh , Heshmati Almas
Published: September 2024

Drawing from neoclassical growth theories, this study explores the interplay between financial development, gender‐specific human capital, and total factor productivity (TFP) growth in India, addressing a gap in prior literature by examining their interactive effects on emerging economies' productivity trajectories. Employing the ARDL Bound test model, we estimate the productivity growth equation using annual data from 1980 to 2019. Variables such as government spending on education and foreign direct investment serve as crucial control variables in the TFP growth framework. Our findings reveal nuanced dynamics: while financial development enhances productivity growth in the absence of gender‐specific human capital considerations, its impact varies significantly with the inclusion of male and female education levels. Notably, financial development positively influences productivity growth when male education levels are high. Surprisingly, financial development hampers productivity growth when female education level is high. These insights underscore the disproportionate influence of male education on productivity growth vis‐à‐vis female education in India. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the differential impacts of financial development on India's productivity growth in the presence of gender‐specific human capital. This analysis emphasizes the role of gender dynamics in educational attainment for policymakers aiming to leverage financial development as a catalyst for productivity growth. In addition, the policymakers in India are urged not to downplay the significance of male education in fostering financial development and augmenting productivity growth. Furthermore, the policymakers are advised to scrutinize the adverse repercussions of financial development on productivity growth within the context of female education at higher levels.
Morphological and mechanical properties of filamentous pellets during the cultivation process
Authors: Liu Qiyue , Liu Jintian , Kozanecka Zuzanna , Krull Rainer , Böl Markus
Published: September 2024

Filamentous bacteria and fungi are attracting increasing attention due to their medicinal value. Among these microorganisms, Actinomadura namibiensis has attracted great interest due to its ability to produce Labyrinthopeptin A1 with antiviral activity. In order to increase productivity and shorten the development cycle, recent studies have shown that the production of Labyrinthopeptin A1 can be enhanced by optimising the cultivation processes of filamentous pellets with the help of morphology engineering techniques including the appropriate preparation of the culture medium and the flow conditions for agitation, as well as the contact mechanisms during the flow‐induced movements of the pellets. From a mechanical point of view, contact energy is positively correlated with productivity and is determined by the mechanical and morphological properties of the pellets, which have a string influence on the stresses, contact frequency and structure for mass transfer of nutrients. To gain a deeper understanding of the stress‐induced pellet growth mechanisms during cultivation, experimental characterisation of Actinomadura namibiensis pellets was performed using a micromechanical setup. Considering that filamentous pellets exhibit an irregular geometry with tightly intertwined and branched hyphal networks, the measured force responses of cyclic compression experiments were analysed in correlation with the morphological properties. In addition, the process‐dependent mechanical behaviour was investigated by comparing the mechanical behaviour at different cultivation times. The results obtained provide sufficient information to propose a contact model of the pellets and to derive the process‐dependent material parameters for further numerical simulations of the cultivation process.
Acceleration of immersed computations of brittle phase‐field fracture utilizing moment fitting schemes
Authors: Gorji Mahan , Hosseini Seyed Farhad , Sartorti Roman , Radtke Lars , Düster Alexander
Published: September 2024

Numerical methods play an important role when predicting structural failure in industrial applications. Among various methods, the phase‐field modeling (PFM) seems to be a very promising approach. By introducing an additional phase‐field variable, it can account for crack initiation, crack propagation, dynamic crack branching and more. However, it needs a very fine mesh especially along the propagating crack path. When utilizing boundary‐fitted methods such as the finite element method, this can lead to a large amount of elements and thus, results in huge systems of equations. In order to overcome this issue, immersed methods like the finite cell method (FCM) have been developed, where the mesh is independent of the geometry, which results in a fast and simple pre‐processing. In this work, the FCM is applied to the PFM in order to simulate quasi‐static brittle fracture of structures with complex geometries. Furthermore, the non‐negative moment fitting (NNMF) is employed in order to accelerate the finite cell computations. The proposed methods are tested on a numerical example in order to demonstrate the strength of the NNMF.
Karl Schellbach (1804–1892)—One of the fathers of the finite element method?
Authors: Ullrich Peter
Published: September 2024

Calculations by aerospace and automotive engineers in the 1950s for industrial applications are usually viewed as the beginnings of the Finite Element Method (FEM). However, some of its basic ideas can already be found on earlier occasions. One of the examples already discussed in the literature is the treatment of the brachistochrone problem by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) in 1697, even if he did not rigorously prove his ideas there. The mathematics educator Karl Schellbach (1804–1892) appears to have provided the first proof for the brachistochrone problem using FEM‐like methods in an article of 1851. However, one has to look at the details: Schellbach certainly first solves some elementary problems of the calculus of variations in this article by discretizing the situation. But then he generalizes this method in order to derive the general Euler‐Lagrange equation. And only on the basis of this differential equation and by use of standard methods from differential calculus he deals with the problem of the brachistochrone. In the final sections of his article, Schellbach generalizes his method to higher dimensions, which makes his considerations appear even more FEM‐like. For example, in his treatment of Plateau's problem he begins by dividing the domain of definition into triangles, which is even shown in an illustration.
Comparative analysis of formulae for umbilical venous catheterization depth based on birth weight
Authors: Luo Jingjie , Zheng Xu , Yang Zixin , Li Keyue , Chen Lu , Hei Mingyan
Published: September 2024

Importance

Umbilical venous catheterization (UVC) is a common procedure for critically ill newborn infants. The insertion depth was estimated before the procedure using various formulae.

Objective

To compare the accuracy of five published formulae based on birth weight (BW).

Methods

This is a secondary retrospective analysis using data collected in a previous study, in which the actual final insertion depth of UVC was recorded. Predicted insertion depths were calculated by five published formulae based on BW. Then the actual depth and predicted depth were compared. Accurate position was defined as predicted depth being within ± 10% of actual depth. The accuracy rate calculated as “(accurately positioned UVCs/ all UVCs) × 100%” and the ratio of difference calculated as “(|predicted depth − actual depth|/ actual depth)” were compared among five formulae.

Results

Totally 1298 were enrolled, with gestational age 29.8 ± 2.3 weeks and BW 1215 ± 273 g. The accuracy rates were: Tambasco formula (67.2%), Shukla formula (65.0%), JSS formula (64.4%), BW formula (48.9%), and revised Shukla formula (26.9%). Tambasco formula had the highest accuracy rate in newborns with BW ≥ 1000 g. JSS formula had the highest accuracy rate in newborns with BW<1000 g.

Interpretation

It is suggested to use the Tambasco formula for estimating the UVC insertion depth for newborns, especially for those with BW ≥ 1000 g, and to apply the JSS formula for newborns with BW < 1000 g. There is no universal formula for achieving 100% accurate positioning.
Synthesis and characterization of antibacterial and low‐temperature resistant slow rebound polyurethane foams
Authors: Cao Jing , Wang Li , Zheng Yuying
Published: September 2024

Slow rebound polyurethane foam (SPUF) has been widely used due to its advantages such as sound insulation, energy absorption, and good tactile sensation. However, SPUF is prone to harden at low temperature, and its application in medical equipment and households requires significant antibacterial properties. In this paper, self‐made silicone modified polyethylene glycol (Si‐APEG) and graphene oxide supported allicin (Alc@GO) were prepared and used as low‐temperature resistant agent and antibacterial agent, respectively. Low‐temperature resistant polyurethane foam (LSPUF) and antibacterial LSPUF (ALSPUF) were prepared respectively with water as foaming agent. The morphology of ALSPUF was observed by scanning electron microscope. Properties studied include apparent core density and porosity, mechanical properties including tensile strength, 40% compressive hardness, and rebound resilience, as well as low‐temperature resistance. Effects of Si‐APEG content on the structures and properties were analyzed and the LSPUF with an Si‐APEG content of 10 wt.% showed the best comprehensive performance. Therefore, ALSPUFs with Si‐APEG content of 10 wt.% and Alc@GO content of 0–3 wt.% were prepared. The addition of Alc@GO increased the antibacterial ratio significantly without obvious effect on the structure and mechanical properties of LSPUF. The antibacterial ratio of ALSPUF reached 99.07% at a Alc@GO content of 2.5 wt.% and testing time of 60 min. This work provides an effective and feasible method for the preparation of ALSPUF which can be widely used in medical devices and households.

Highlights

Silicone modified polyether is a suitable low‐temperature resistant agent for PU foam.

Allicin supported on GO provides good antibacterial property for PU foam.

ALSPUF has better mechanical properties than SPU.
Conceptualizing adult ADHD with the DSM alternative model of personality disorder
Authors: Jacobsson Peter , Hopwood Christopher J. , Krueger Robert F. , Söderpalm Bo , Nilsson Thomas
Published: September 2024

Personality traits and personality disorders are related to ADHD and indicate dysfunction in clinical populations. The goals of this study were to examine how the DSM‐5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) a) indicates the presence of ADHD and b) communicates information about dysfunction over and above ADHD diagnosis. A sample of 330 adult psychiatric patients with and without ADHD (60% female; mean age 33 years) were assessed for ADHD symptoms, personality impairment, maladaptive personality traits, and functional life impairment domains. The maladaptive personality domain Disinhibition and particularly the lower order facet of Distractibility distinguished between individuals with psychiatric difficulties with and without ADHD. Distractibility is strongly related to the ADHD symptom dimension Inattentiveness, and Antagonism to Hyperactivity/impulsivity. General personality impairment augmented ADHD diagnosis in predicting life impairments. The AMPD has utility in ADHD assessments for diagnosis and prognosis.
An EAADE: Effective Authentication Approach for Data Exchange in Vehicular Social Network for IoV
Authors: Singh Dhananjay Kumar , Bhardwaj Diwakar
Published: September 2024

In recent years, in order to protect the privacy of vehicular users, federated learning (FL) is mainly used for secure and reliable data transmission in the vehicular social network. However, there is a vulnerability to data attacks by adversaries when exchanging locally trained model data about the vehicle's trajectory with a federated server. Therefore, in this paper, we have proposed a federated learning‐based mutual authentication protocol to provide security in data transmission. First, we classified the vehicular social community by fixed, moving, and hybrid modes. Second, to develop a novel approach named EAADE (Effective Authentication Approach for Data Exchange). It provides efficient data dissemination in a vehicle social network and security of the main trade‐off between vehicles. Finally, experience it with in‐depth simulation and compare it with other modern protocols. During the analysis of the results, ensure its security against Sybil, replay and falsification attacks, and estimating processing costs and verification times. The outcomes of simulation on the SUMO and OMNeT++ platforms demonstrate that the packet loss rate is lowered to 4.78% and that the verification delay is the better, when compared to other protocols. This protocol has also better transmission cost and implementation costs.
BVA Congress 2024: contextualised care, pet diets and gene editing
Authors: Mullineaux Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

BVA junior vice president Elizabeth Mullineaux discusses some of the sessions she is most looking forward to at BVA Congress 2024.
A dog food brand, OV status, certifying zoo animals for export…this vet's done them all!
Authors: Kozhuharova Veneta
Published: September 2024

Instead of joining the family vinegar business in Bulgaria Veneta Kozhuharova qualified as a vet. Finding her skills in export certification in high demand, she opened a practice in the UK, Associated Veterinary Services.
Investigating the mechanical properties related to the vertical bending of composite I‐beams with corrugated steel webs
Authors: Gan Zi‐yu , Cen Feng , Gao Pei‐wei
Published: September 2024

The maximum angular rotation attributable to the in‐plane shear deformation of flange slabs is used as generalised displacement in the conventional analysis method for I‐beams. However, the mechanical concepts are poorly understood due to the complex nature of this analysis method. Consequently, a novel strategy for analysing vertical bending in composite I‐beams is proposed in this study. This approach uses the additional deflection of composite I‐beams induced by the shear lag effect as the generalised displacement. Furthermore, this research comprehensively considers the accordion effect, shear lag and self‐equilibrium conditions for the shear lag warping stress and bending moment. Moreover, two longitudinal warping displacement difference functions are employed to accurately describe the variation of shear lag in composite I‐beams with varying flange slab widths. The differential equations of the I‐beams with corrugated steel webs in the elastic range are established based on the energy‐variation method. A complete mechanical system of a composite I‐beam is decomposed into two parts, namely, the shear lag mechanical system and the elementary beam mechanical system, which are independent of each other. The theory presented in this paper reflects the internal mechanical mechanism of composite I‐beams. The calculation accuracy is considerably improved in this study. Therefore, this method is more unambiguous and well‐defined. It enriches and advances the current analysis theory of composite structures, which can guide the design of composite I‐beams.