bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatic Analysis Revealing Independent Predictors of Poor Prognosis and Immunologic/Metastatic Behaviors in Squamous Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yan Jinshan , Na Fangjian , Li Xinyao , Shi Sha , Li Xin , Hao Junli , Wu Ying , Gang Xiaoyu , Zhao Mingfang
Published: September 2022

Background
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (LUSC) is a malignant tumor with a high mortality rate and few treatment options.
Methods
This study explored novel biomarkers and the related mechanisms in LUSC development via integrated bioinformatics analysis based on multiple databases. TCGA-LUSC, GSE30219, and GSE37745 datasets were selected, and univariate Cox analysis was applied to each. The candidate prognostic genes were those survival hazardous genes that overlapped in the three datasets and were further applied in Kaplan-Meier log-rank test. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves were made to compare the candidate prognostic genes’ predictive accuracy and traditional clinicopathological parameters (CPPs). Moreover, fast preranked gene set enrichment analysis, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, gene set variation analysis, and correlation analysis was sequentially performed to explore the candidate prognostic genes’ potential functions.
Results
Based on the data for stage I–III LUSC, aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1 (ALDH7A1), progestogen-associated endometrial protein (PAEP), and vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (VAV2) were identified as prognostic candidate biomarkers that could improve the accuracy of traditional CPPs for predicting overall survival (OS). Moreover, ALDH7A1, PAEP, and VAV2 were, respectively, correlated with the immune microenvironment and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), but not with tumor mutation burden, microsatellite instability, or CPPs. The EMT biomarker vimentin (but not E-cadherin) was consistent with ALDH7A1, PAEP, and VAV2.
Conclusion
This study elucidated the prognostic roles and potential functions of ALDH7A1, PAEP, and VAV2 in LUSC.
“You nearly feel a little bit like you’ve less right to grieve”: A Qualitative Study on the Impact of Cancer on Adult Siblings
Authors: Burke Hazel , Dunne Simon
Published: September 2022

Purpose
Family members of cancer patients experience a range of challenges and are impacted in various ways by the cancer. To our knowledge, the impact of cancer on adult siblings has yet to be explored. Sibling relationships are one of the longest relationships individuals have across the lifespan. Thus, the current study sought to investigate the perspectives of siblings of those who previously had cancer.
Methods
10 participants were recruited using purposive sampling. A qualitative, cross-sectional design was implemented with both virtual and in-person semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.
Results
The researcher identified five themes relating to both the impact of cancer on siblings and the supports they received: changes in family relationships, sibling’s grief is forgotten, benefits of social support networks, supporting their sibling & caregiving and self-support.
Conclusions
Cancer organizations and support services should focus on signposting services for siblings in order to ensure they can access support. Further research is needed with siblings to gain greater insight into what supports siblings feel are available for them to access, whether there are any for them to access or how supports can be improved.
Implications for Cancer Survivors:
The provision of appropriate psychological support for siblings of cancer patients will ensure they can provide optimal support and care to their siblings. This will in turn benefit cancer patients along their cancer trajectory as adequate support from their caregivers will enhance their quality of life.
DP CHALLENGES IN ANA PLATFORM JACKET INSTALLATION
Authors:   GSP Offshore LLC, United Arab Emirates, Ardavanis Kimon , Nabergoj Radoslav ,   Nasdis PDS d.o.o., Izola, Slovenia, Mauro Francesco ,   University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom,   TU Delft, Delft, the Netherlands
Published: September 2022

Installation of jacket platforms requires simultaneous and combined operations of multiple assets. Once the whole process has to be planned, it is necessary to predict in a fast and reliable way the possible weather limitations that may occur during the operations. The paper will present the major challenges of this unusual and innovative Dynamic Positioning analysis which has been carried out for Ana Jacket installation. The obtained results show that the Dynamic Positioning system of the core vessel in intact configuration is capable to hold the position for the investigated vessels' arrangements and design operative weather conditions. Lifting, upending and installation of Ana Jacket were carried out successfully in 2021.
IDENTIFYING OLIVE OIL FRAUD AND ADULTERATION USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS
Authors: Yakar Yasin , Karadağ Kerim
Published: September 2022

As olive oil (OO) is more expensive than other vegetable oils, it is usually adulterated by blending it with more economic edible oils such as cottonseed oil (CSO), canola oil (CO), and soybean oil (SO). This research aimed to determine the fatty acid compositions obtained as a result of blending different proportions of CSO, CO and SO with OO using a gas chromatograph and to reveal OO adulteration by evaluating the obtained data with different machine learning algorithms. The assessment of the OO consisted of two stages. The first step was extraction of the feature vector, while second step was the classification of feature vectors with regard to the data and computing the regression values. Features were extracted using the Relief method, classified with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and the k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) and Decision Tree (DT) algorithms, and the neural network algorithm was used for regression. The highest accuracy values for classification were calculated as 0.946, 0.964 and 0.982 for OO-CO, OO-SO, and OO-CSO mixtures, using the SVM method, respectively. The errors in the regression analysis were computed as 0.005, 0.005 and 0.002 respectively using the neural network algorithm.
The Impact of Coronavirus Disease-19 on Pregnancy Outcomes, A Case Series
Authors: Cetinkaya Demir Bilge , Albayrak Ozge , Aslan Kiper
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) infection on pregnancy outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary university hospital between the years of October 2020-October 2021. All the pregnant women with COVID-19 diagnoses were enrolled in the study during this period. Demographic parameters, a history of Favipiravir use, COVID-19 symptoms, treatment approaches, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and obstetric and neonatal outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 92 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 30+5 years. Forty-seven of the patients were asymptomatic (51%). The most common symptoms were respectively; fatigue (37.8%), fever (27.6%), dyspnea (22%), cough (17.8%), headache (11%), anosmia (4.4%), hyperemesis (4.4%), diarrhea (2.2%). There were 20 patients (21.7%) who were hospitalized. Eight of these women (8.6%) required intensive care unit admission due to COVID pneumonia-related acute respiratory distress syndrome. Five of the patients treated in the intensive care unit died due to respiratory failure. Two patients had a miscarriage before the 20th week. There were four stillbirths. The gestational weeks at which fetal death occurred were 24, 26, 28, and 38 weeks of gestation. There were 19 patients with a history of favipiravir use. There was not any other congenital abnormality due to Favipiravir usage.CONCLUSION: Our study showed that COVID-19 disease has similar symptoms in pregnant women to non-pregnant women, according to the literature data. However, COVID-19 infection increases the rates of pregnancy complications and maternal mortality
Simplification of water distribution networks using non-linear Thevenin theorem and its application for maximum power transfer
Authors: Balireddy Raman , Chakravorty Anjan , Bhallamudi S. Murty , Kuiry Soumendra Nath
Published: September 2022

The boundaries of existing cities are expanding rapidly due to the exponential growth in urban population. Therefore, the existing water distribution networks (WDNs) need to be expanded up to the newly developed areas to meet the additional water demand. The optimal design of a sub-network planned for network expansion requires multiple simulations under various constraints. Simulating the additional sub-network along with the existing network takes a lot of CPU time. In this study, a methodology is proposed to replace an existing large pipe network with its equivalent network consisting of a single source and a single pipe by applying the non-linear Thevenin theorem being used for electrical circuits. The equivalent network model parameters are extracted by fitting the driving-node head-loss characteristics at the connecting node. Unlike all other available methods except the traditionally used reservoir–pump model, the equivalent network presented in this study reduces to only two elements. The theoretical aspect of the reservoir–pump model can be explained by the proposed Thevenin reduction method. The advantage of the proposed method is put forward by deriving an analytical expression for the condition of maximum power transfer from the equivalent main network to the sub-network. The economic diameter value of the connecting pipe is subsequently determined. The proposed network reduction method is demonstrated on different WDNs for various demand patterns. The reduced networks yield accurate results and simulate faster when compared with those of the original networks. The proposed methodology is beneficial for a focused analysis of a sub-network and to transfer maximum power to the sub-network connected to a large existing hydraulic network.
Effectiveness of tetrahydrofuran at enhancing the 1,4-dioxane degradation ability of activated sludge lacking prior exposure to 1,4-dioxane
Authors: Inoue Daisuke , Hisada Kazuki , Ike Michihiko
Published: September 2022

1,4-dioxane (DX) is a contaminant of emerging concern in water environments. The enrichment of DX-degrading bacteria indigenous to activated sludge is key for the efficient biological removal of DX in wastewater. To identify an effective substrate, which enables the selective enrichment of DX-degrading bacteria and has lower toxicity and persistence than DX, this study explored the effectiveness of tetrahydrofuran (THF) at enhancing the DX degradation ability of activated sludge without historical exposure to DX. Although the activated sludge initially exhibited negligible ability to degrade DX (100 mg-C/L) as the sole carbon source, the repeated batch cultivation on THF could enrich bacterial populations capable of degrading DX, inducing the DX degradation ability in activated sludge as effectively as DX did. The THF-enrichment culture after 4 weeks degraded 100 mg-C/L DX almost completely within 21 d. Sequencing analyses revealed that soluble di-iron monooxygenase group 5C, including THF/DX monooxygenase, would play a dominant role in the initial oxidation of DX in THF-enrichment culture, which completely differed from the enrichment culture cultivated on DX. The results indicate that THF can be applied as an effective substrate to enhance the DX degradation ability of microbial consortia, irrespective of the intrinsic ability.
2-Nucleobase-substituted 4,6-Diaminotriazine Analogs: Synthesis and
Anti-cancer Activity in 5-Fluorouracil-sensitive and Resistant Colorectal
Cancer Cells
Authors: Hamze Khalil , Abdallah Rola H. , Younis Nour K , Fardoun Manal , Darwiche Nadine , Kobeissy Firas , Iratni Rabah , Bouhadir Kamal , Eid Ali H.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Cancer continues to be the second leading cause of death worldwide, with
colorectal cancer (CRC) being the third most common type. Despite significant advances in cancer
therapies, the current treatment of CRC remains suboptimal. In addition, the effectiveness of available
chemotherapeutic drugs such as 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is limited by CRC-acquired resistance.

Methods:

In this study, we provide innovative approaches employed in synthesizing four novel nucleobase
analogs. Equally, we describe the effects of these compounds on proliferation, migration,
aggregation, and adhesion of 5-FU-sensitive (HCT116) and -resistant (5-FU-R-HCT116) human
CRC cells. In either cell type, our synthesized novel analogs significantly inhibited cell viability in
a concentration- and time-dependent manner. This highlights the higher potency of these novel
analogs. In addition, these compounds attenuated migration and adhesion of both cell types while
they promoted homotypic cell-cell interaction.

Results:

These changes were reflected by the downregulation of matrix metalloproteases (MMP-2
and MMP-9). Furthermore, our analogs exhibited potent anti-angiogenic activity in vivo.

Conclusion:

These novel nucleobase analogs reduced the level of secreted vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO) production in both 5-FU-sensitive and -resistant CRC
cells. Taken together, our data highlight the potential chemotherapeutic properties of our novel
analogs against CRC, including the 5-FU-resistant form.
Advances in the Therapeutic Use of Non-Ergot Dopamine Agonists in the
Treatment of Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Jing Xiao-Zhong , Yang Hui-Jia , Taximaimaiti Reyisha , Wang Xiao-Ping
Published: September 2022

Dopamine (DA) agonists, as an excellent dopamine replacement therapy for
patients with early and advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), play a vital role in
controlling motor and several non-motor symptoms. Besides, the application of DA
agonists may delay levodopa therapy and the associated risk of motor complications.
Indeed, each DA agonist has unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic
characteristics and therefore has different therapeutic efficacy and safety profile. The
comorbidities, significant non-motor manifestations, concomitant medications, and
clinical features of PD individuals should guide the selection of a specific DA agonist
to provide a more patient-tailored treatment option. Thorough knowledge of DA
agonists helps clinicians better balance clinical efficacy and side effects. Therefore,
this review refers to recent English-written articles on DA agonist therapy for PD
patients and summarizes the latest findings on non-ergot DA agonists as well as the
advantages and disadvantages of each compound to help clinicians in the selection of
a specific DA agonist. In addition, novel D1/D5 partial agonists and new formulations
of DA agonists are also discussed.
Association between Awareness on the Neurophysiologic Effects of Caffeine and Consumption of Caffeinated Beverages among Saudi University Students
Authors: Alshakhs Hassan , Fabella Eduardo , Al Hassan Yasser , Alsultan Muntathir , Alshuwyash Mohammed
Published: September 2022

Background:

Caffeine is known to have numerous neurophysiologic effects. This study aimed to determine the association between university students’ awareness on the neurophysiologic effects of caffeine and their coffee consumption.

Methods:

An analytic cross-sectional study design was utilized. A 45-item questionnaire was distributed to 523 randomly selected students at the College of Applied Medical Sciences at King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Collected data was subjected to estimation of proportion and logistic regression analyses using EpiInfo version 7.

Results:

Coffee consumption was prevalent among the university students (58.62%, 95% CI: 54.22% - 62.89%). Majority of university students were unaware about the potential effects of caffeine to reduce suicide risk and the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Increased coffee consumption was associated with awareness that caffeinated beverage consumption could lead to a decrease in suicide risk (OR = 1.6286, p = 0.0506) and awareness that caffeinated beverage consumption could help increase alertness (OR = 2.4462, p = 0.0458).

Conclusion:

Caffeinated-beverage consumption is prevalent among Saudi university students. Awareness on potential increased alertness effects of caffeine consumption were significantly associated with caffeinated beverages consumption.
A Review on Therapeutic Potential of Indian Herbal Plants to Counter
Viral Infection and Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Rajawat Jyotika , Banerjee Monisha
Published: September 2022

Herbal plant extracts or purified phytocomponents have been extensively acknowledged in treating several diseases since time immemorial. The Indian Ayurvedic system and Chinese traditional medicines have documented the medicinal properties of important herbs and their effects. In Ayurveda, polyherbal formulation is known to exhibit better therapeutic efficacy compared to single herb. This review focuses on six key ayurvedic herbal plants namely, Tinosporacordifolia (giloi/guduchi), Withaniasomnifera (Ashwagandha), Glycyrrhiza glabra/Licorice (Mulethi), Zingiberofficinale (Ginger), Emblicaofficinalis(Amla) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi).Each of these herbal plants possesses specific phytocomponents that aid them in fighting infections and keeping body healthy and stress free. These medicinal plants are known to exhibit several protective features against various diseases or infections. Here we have particularly emphasized on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties which are common in these six plants. Recent literature analysis has revealed Ashwagandha to be protective for Covid-19 too. The formulation from such herbs can exhibit synergism and hence better effectiveness against infection and related diseases. Hence, the importance of these medicinal herbs becomes highly prominent as it maintains the harmonious balance by way of boosting the immunity in a human body. Further, greater mechanistic analyses are required to prove their efficacy to fight infectious diseases like Covid-19. It further opens the arena for in-depth research of identifying and isolating the active components from these herbs and evaluating their potency to inhibit viral infections as polyherbal formulation.
Effect of Processing and Fat Content on the Oxidative Stability and Interfacial Behavior of Tree Nut Oil-bodies
Authors:   CIRAD, Villeneuve Pierre , Duplessis-Kergomard Jeanne ,   Institut de Physique de Rennes, Universite De Rennes 1, Robert Melina ,   CIRAD/UMR QUALISUD, Paboeuf Gilles ,   Institut de Physique de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Barouh Nathalie ,   CIRAD, Schafer Olivier ,   Nestlé, Wooster Tim ,   Nestlé, Bourlieu-Lacanal Claire ,   INRAE/Univ Montpellier/Institut Agro, Vie Veronique ,   Institut de Physique de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1
Published: September 2022

Oil bodies (OB) are the natural form of energy storage in oilseeds. They consist of a triacylglyceride core stabilized by proteins (mainly oleosins) embedded in a phospholipid membrane. In some tree nut species, OB contain an important amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids that make them interesting food ingredients but prone to oxidation. Due to the growing interest in minimally-processed nut-based beverages, the understanding and the preservation of the physico-chemical properties of these lipoprotein assemblies are of great interest. In this context, previous interfacial studies have led to the proposition of a new model of adsorption for minimally-processed OB that is useful to design functional emulsion or foam in which OB act as emulsifiers. The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of processing and fat content on the physico-chemical behavior of tree nut-based matrixes. The interfacial and oxidative behaviors of minimally-processed isolated OB were compared with processed complex nut-based matrixes (i.e. beverages) of different fat content. Processing operations (heat-treatment, homogenization) affected OB interfacial properties and oxidative stability but fat content had even stronger impact on this last parameter, with more concentrated systems more stable to oxidation. The results underline the good physico-chemical stability of tree nut OB, and raise the interest of their use in the minimally-processed form to fully exploit their beneficial properties.
Inhibitory Mechanisms of Quercetin Against Hemoglobin-mediated Lipid Oxidation in Washed Muscle Model
Authors:   Chalmers University of Technology, Wu Haizhou , Yin Jie ,   University of Wisconsin-Madison, Richards Mark ,   University of Wisconsin-Madison
Published: September 2022

Lipid oxidation in fresh and further processed meat facilitates quality deterioration during storage, including loss of color, flavor, and in some cases nutritional value. Flavonoids are found ubiquitously in plants as a member of polyphenolic compounds and have received considerable attention for their antioxidant properties. Numerous studies have demonstrated that free radical scavenging and metal chelation could be the key factors responsible for the antioxidative activities of flavonols. In our previous work, a fraction isolated from cranberry juice powder was an effective inhibitor of lipid oxidation in mechanically separated turkey (MST) and washed cod muscle. The compound responsible for the inhibitory activity was then identified as quercetin. However, the mechanisms by which quercetin inhibits lipid oxidation due to heme proteins present in muscle foods has received little attention. With this background, we studied the antioxidant effect of quercetin on hemoglobin(Hb)-mediated lipid oxidation and the mechanisms involved in washed cod muscle model. Quercetin strongly inhibited Hb-mediated lipid oxidation in washed muscle. Quercetin showed effective hydroxyl radical scavenging ability similar to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Quercetin reduced metHb resulting in formation of oxyHb. Bound quercetin decreased heme dissociation from metHb. Conversion to oxyHb and decreased heme dissociation represent routes to limit Hb-mediated lipid oxidation. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) indicated one molecule of quercetin was covalently bound to Hb α-chain. Quercetin quinone docked 3.3 Å from the thiol of αCys(H15) but not near any other Cys residues of turkey Hb. At the docking site, hydrogen bonding between quercetin quinone and amino acids of α- and β-chain was demonstrated. This represents a path by which quercetin became covalently bound to α-chain. Molecular docking of heme proteins to polyphenols provides a template to better understand antioxidant interactions in muscle foods.
Effects of Palm Stearin and Palm Olein Emulsion Crystallinity on Beta-carotene Degradation and in vitro Bioaccessibility
Authors:   University of Guelph, Ulbikas Jessica , Li Ye Ling ,   University of Guelph, Wright Amanda ,   University of Guelph
Published: September 2022

The encapsulation of lipophilic vitamins and other bioactive molecules in nanoemulsions can promote their stabilization, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability, which impacts various physiological processes. This research investigated how triacylglycerol crystallinity influenced the effect of beta-carotene (BC) encapsulation on emulsion properties, the degradation of BC nanoemulsions over time, and BC bioaccessibility during static in vitro digestion. Emulsions composed of 10 wt% palm stearin (PS) or palm olein (PO), 0.4 wt% Span 60, and 0.01 wt% BC were tempered to achieve four emulsions with different physical states: crystalline solid (PS-SE-BC); partially crystalline solid (PS-SE-25-BC); undercooled liquid (PS-LE-BC); and a control emulsion (PO-BC) not susceptible to crystallization. BC degradation under accelerated lighting conditions at 37o C, melting behaviour, and particle size were measured at baseline and after 14 days. Emulsions were subjected to simulated in vitro gastric and duodenal digestion for up to 24 hours, and BC bioaccessibility was determined at 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours. The baseline particle size distributions for all emulsions at baseline were similarly monomodal, centred around 0.8 um, and unchanged from emulsions without BC. However, at day 14, all the palm stearin emulsions had monomodal distributions but consisted of larger particles. The melting behaviour of emulsions at baseline and day 14 were similar, except for PS-LE-BC, which contained some solid fat by day 14. All emulsions showed statistically similar BC degradation after 14 days (P >0.05), and BC bioaccessibility was similar between all emulsions (P >0.05). Therefore, the presence of lipid crystallinity in the nanoemulsions did not significantly influence BC degradation or BC bioaccessibility. These results help to explain how lipid crystallinity may impact bioactive stability and bioaccessibility, highlighting its wide-ranging implications for nutrient delivery.
Stability of Novel Peptides (linusorbs) in Flaxseed Meal Fortified Gluten-free Bread
Authors:   University of Saskatchewan, Shim Youn Young , Olivia Clara ,   University of Saskatchewan, Zou Xian-Guo ,   Zhejiang University of Technology, Kim Young Jun ,   Korea University, Reaney Martin ,   University of Saskatchewan
Published: September 2022

Flaxseed meal is rich in water-soluble gums and, as such, can improve texture in gluten-free products. Flaxseed bioactive-antioxidant peptides, linusorbs (LOs, a.k.a. cyclolinopeptides), are a class of molecules that may contribute health-promoting effects. The effects of dough preparation, baking, and storage on flaxseed-derived LOs stability in doughs and baked products are unknown. Gluten-free (GF) bread dough and bread were prepared with flaxseed meal and the LO content was determined in the flaxseed meal, bread flour containing the flaxseed meal, bread dough, and bread. The LO content during storage (0, 1, 2, and 4 weeks) at different temperatures (−18 °C, 4 °C, and 22−23 °C) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The content of oxidized LOs like [1–9-NαC],[1(Rs,Ss)-MetO]-linusorb B2 (LO14) were substantially constant in flaxseed meal and flour produced from flaxseed meal under all conditions for up to four weeks. However, during GF-bread production LOs decreased. Due to microbial contamination dough could not be stored at either 4 or 21°C, and bread could only be stored for one week at 21°C. Up to four weeks of storage was possible for bread and dough at −18 °C and bread at 4 °C without the loss of LOs. The LOs change during processing and storage. The concentration of reduced LOs in flour and meal were much higher than measured in dough and bread. There was not a corresponding increase in oxidized LOs. The LOs in flaxseed meal-fortified bread were stable for products stored at low temperatures to preserve LOs. This study is the first of the impact of baking conditions on LOs content and quality.
Extrusion 3D Printing and Oxidative Stability of High-oil-content Printing Paste Formulated with Waxes-based Oleogels
Authors:   University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Liu Lingyi , Ciftci Ozan ,   University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Saturated fats exhibit more desirable properties for 3D food printing compared with liquid oils. However, increasing consumption of saturated fats is highly related to the pathogenesis of multiple diseases and physiological disorders. Wax-based oleogels as potentially healthier alternatives have drawn attention in food technology and industry recently. Inspired by the potential opportunities offered by sorghum as a natural wax source, the first objective of this study was to investigate the potential of three types of sorghum waxes, namely, sorghum bran wax, sorghum DDGS wax (SDW), and sorghum kernel wax, as an oleogelator. All three sorghum waxes showed good gelation properties with minor differences. Fast cooling rate and ultrasonic treatment favored the oil-gelling capacity and reduced oil loss by decreasing the crystal size. X-ray diffraction results indicated that all sorghum wax oleogels demonstrated a hexagonal symmetry and β’ crystals. Faster cooling rate resulted in an earlier onset of crystallization and ultrasonic treatment narrowed the melting range. Oxidation of fish oil in the sorghum wax oleogels was delayed considerably compared to free fish oil, while SDW generated the most stable oleogels. Next, four natural waxes were used to print on an extrusion-based 3D printer to explore the effect of wax-based oleogels on printability and post-printing properties. Results indicated that all wax-based oleogels showed excellent printability with the wax concentration under 6%, except SDW under 4%. The rheological properties of printing pastes were impaired with the increased wax concentration, while the higher wax concentration promoted the physical stability for beeswax and candelilla wax oleogel pastes. 6% beeswax oleogels exhibited the optimal capacity to keep the deposited shape lasting to 53 days. The wax with different concentrations in the oleogels displayed various effects on the oil-controlling capacity. Oxidative stability showed that wax-based oleogels displayed oxidative protection for the fish oil printed products.
Synthesis of Cycloalkanes from Lignocellulosic Platform
Authors:   Montana State University-Northern, Otto Jessica , Davison Evan ,   Montana State University-Northern, Maglinao Randy ,   Montana State University-Northern
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of biooil is instrumental in producing sustainable aviation fuels, specifically cycloalkanes, from lignocellulosic materials. Cycloalkanes typically have higher energy densities, lower freeze points and higher flash points than conventional jet fuel. In our study, we compared hydrodeoxygenation of p-cresol using Pd/C and tandem hydrogenation-dehydration using Pd/C for hydrogenation and heteropolyacid on alumina catalyst for dehydration. All of the hydrodeoxygenation and hydrogenation trials were ran at 250°C and 600 psi of hydrogen gas while dehydration to cycloalkenes were conducted at 250°C and 50 psi of argon gas. Hydrodeoxygenation produced less than 20% mol of cyclic hydrocarbons while tandem hydrogenation-dehydration presented an overall yield nearing to 60% mol. Results from the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis suggested isomerization of cyclohexene to metylcyclopentene occurred in runs utilizing heteropolyacid on alumina catalyst.
The Effects of Dietary Soybean Oil on Blood Fatty Acids and Body Weight in Overweight and Obese Adults: Protocol for a Crossover Design Pilot Study
Authors:   Ohio State University, Cole Rachel , Colombo Eric ,   Ohio State University, Angelotti Austin ,   Ohio State University, Belury Martha ,   Ohio State University
Published: September 2022

Dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n6), an essential fatty acid, is inversely correlated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in adults. LA blood biomarkers are negatively associated with diabetes and markers of insulin resistance and inflammation. In the US, changes in oil seed crops have reduced the amount of LA in edible oils like soybean, sunflower and safflower, which could lead to many adults in the US consuming inadequate amounts of LA. The objective of the Dietary Oils to Sustain Energy (DOSE) study is to determine changes in blood levels of LA and body weight after daily consumption of foods made with a LA-rich soybean oil. In this 10-week randomized crossover design pilot study, 16 overweight or obese adults will consume 3 study foods per day made with 10g of soybean oil or 10g of palm oil (30g of oil per day) for 4 weeks with a 2-week washout period between. A registered dietitian will help participants incorporate the study foods into their habitual diets with the goal of maintaining body weight which will be measured every two weeks. Fasting blood samples will be collected for fatty acid analysis of plasma, erythrocyte and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as well as analysis of markers of inflammation and glycemia. Study food consumption will be measured through self-report and returned uneaten study foods. 24-hour recalls will be used to measure dietary intake and physical activity. We hypothesize that consumption of the study foods made with the LA-rich soybean oil will increase LA levels in the plasma, erythrocytes and PBMC after 4 weeks. We expect that participants will be able to maintain their body weight during the study. The consumption of food products made with a LA-rich oil will allow adults to easily increase their intake of LA.
Lingonberry Press-cake Inhibits Lipid Oxidation During Ph-shift Processing of Herring Co-products and Subsequent Ice Storage of Recovered Protein Isolates
Authors:   Chalmers University of Technology, Zhang Jingnan , Hong Bovie ,   Chalmers University of Technology, Abdollahi Mehdi ,   Chalmers University of Technology, Alminger Marie ,   Chalmers University of Technology, Undeland Ingrid ,   Chalmers University of Technology
Published: September 2022

Lipid oxidation has been reported as a problem when recovering functional proteins from herring filleting co-products using the pH-shift method. Motivated by the wish for clean label and sustainable development within the food industry, we have earlier shown good oxidation-inhibiting potential when adding 30% (dw/dw) of seven different antioxidant-containing underutilized materials including agricultural/shellfish side streams and seaweeds, both during processing and during subsequent ice storage of protein isolates. Lingonberry press-cake has been recognized as the most promising. However, at 30% addition, it reduced protein yields, increased consumption of base, and dramatically changed the color and texture of protein isolates. Here, we investigated how reducing the lingonberry press-cake addition from 30% to 2.5% affected protein yields and base consumption during processing as well as lipid-oxidative stability, composition and appearance of protein isolates. < ![if !supportLineBreakNewLine] > < ![endif] >Aligned with our hypothesis, lower lingonberry addition yielded increased protein yields, reduced base consumption and lightened color of protein isolates. The results of hexenal, heptanal and octanal revealed that 2.5% addition of lingonberry press-cake efficiently limited lipid oxidation during pH-shift processing, and 10% was enough to also prevent the formation of above-mentioned volatile aldehydes during 7 days of ice storage. Based on the wish of higher protein yield and saving base while at the same time avoiding lipid oxidation, combining herring filleting co-products with 10% lingonberry press cake (dw/dw) was recognized as a very promising raw material combination for new types of protein isolates which will be subject for further studies.
Acid resistance of alkali-activated materials: recent advances and research needs
Authors: Gluth Gregor , Grengg Cyrill , Ukrainczyk Neven , Mittermayr Florian , Dietzel Martin
Published: September 2022

Cementitious materials are frequently applied in environments in which they are exposed to acid attack, e.g., in sewer systems, biogas plants, and agricultural/food-related industries. Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) have repeatedly been shown to exhibit a remarkably high resistance against attack by organic and inorganic acids and, thus, are promising candidates for the construction and the repair of acid-exposed structures. However, the reaction mechanisms and processes affecting the acid resistance of AAMs have just recently begun to be understood in more detail. The present contribution synthesises these advances and outlines potentially fruitful avenues of research. The interaction between AAMs and acids proceeds in a multistep process wherein different aspects of deterioration extend to different depths, complicating the overall determination of acid resistance. Partly due to this indistinct definition of the ‘depth of corrosion’, the effects of the composition of AAMs on their acid resistance cannot be unambiguously identified to date. Important parallels exist between the deterioration of low-Ca AAMs and the weathering/corrosion of minerals and glasses (dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism). Additional research requirements relate to the deterioration mechanism of high-Ca AAMs; how the character of the corroded layer influences the rate of deterioration; the effects of shrinkage and the bond between AAMs and substrates.
29-21
Authors: Lafitte-Houssat E.  , Ferrier A.  , Afzelius M.  , Berger P.  , Morvan L.  , Welinski S.  , Goldner P.
Published: September 2022

Rare earth ions are actively investigated as optically addressable spin systems for quantum technologies thanks to their long optical and spin coherence lifetimes. 171Yb3+, which has 1/2 electron and nuclear spins, recently raised interest for its simple hyperfine structure that moreover can result in long coherence lifetimes at zero magnetic field, an unusual property for paramagnetic rare earth ions. Here, we report on the optical inhomogeneous and homogeneous linewidths in 171Yb3+:Y2SiO5 (site 2) for different doping concentrations. While inhomogeneous linewidth is not correlated to 171Yb3+ concentration, the homogeneous one strongly decreases between 10 and 2 ppm doping level, reaching 255 Hz at 3 K. This is attributed to a slowing down of 171Yb3+ ground state spin flip-flops.
20-21
Authors: Batygov S. Kh.  , Borik M. A.  , Kulebyakin A. V.  , Larina N.A.  , Lomonova E. E.  , Myzina V. A.  , Ryabochkina P. A.  , Sidorova N. V.  , Taratynova A. D.  , Tabachkova N. Yu.
Published: September 2022

Crystals of the concentration series ZrO2- (8-10) mol.% Sc2O3- (1-2) mol.% Tb2O3 were grown by the method of directional crystallization of the melt from a cold container.
Analysis of the spectral-luminescence characteristics of these crystals after growth and after annealing processing in a vacuum revealed the presence of both Tb3 + and Tb4 + ions in them.
In crystals ZrO2- (8-10) mol.% Sc2O3- (1-2) mol.% Tb2O3, the presence of a process of non-radiative energy transfer from Tb4 + ions to Tb3 + ions was revealed.
Features of the phase composition and structure of hypoeutectoid steel, manifested in the behavior of magnetization near magnetic saturation
Authors: Komogortsev S.V.  , Semenov S. V.  , Varnakov S. N.  , Balaev D. A.
Published: September 2022

Investigation of the temperature evolution of magnetization curves near magnetic saturation makes it possible to extract new information on the features of the phase composition and structure of hypoeutectoid steel. It is shown that the main contribution to the magnitude and the temperature behavior of the energy density of the local magnetic anisotropy of hypoeutectoid steel is due to the lamellar structure of pearlite. The peculiarity of the temperature behavior of the energy of the magnetic anisotropy, along with the behavior of the paraprocess, indicates the formation of Mn-substituted cementite in the studied steel sample. The observation of the crossover of power-law regularities in the approximation of magnetization to saturation indicates the formation of two-dimensional nano-inhomogeneities of the local axis of easy magnetization in the plates of alpha iron, which are part of the pearlite. Keywords: magnetization, steel, cementite, iron, approach to saturation magnetization, pearlite
Modeling structural and energy characteristics of atoms in a GaS 2D-crystal with point defects
Authors: Asadov M.M.  , Mustafayeva S.N.  , Guseinova S.S.  , Lukichev V.F.  , Tagiev D.B.
Published: September 2022

The properties of hexagonal gallium monosulphide (GaS) were modeled within the framework of the density functionality theory (DFT) taking into account the impact of vacancies related to a short range ordered structure. It is shown that electron irradiation of a GaS monolayer causes a decrease in conductivity due to formation of point defects. The band structure, density of states and energy properties of GaS supercells with 36 and 48 atoms with monovacancies were calculated. DFT calculations were performed to obtain values of the formation energy of GaS and Ga and S atom vacancies, as well as to determine the degree of vacancies' impact on the properties. Impact of GaS compound composition on the chemical potential value was studied taking into account the Ga-S phase diagram. Key words: modeling, DFT calculation, GaS supercells, point defects, energy structure, density of states, formation energy, chemical potential.
Anticlassical approximation in the problem of electromagnetiv wave reflection from an inhomogeneous medium
Authors: V.V. Shagaev
Published: September 2022

Expressions are derived for the reflection coefficients ofelectromagnetic waves with p and s type polarizations from asemi-infinite dielectric medium having an inhomogeneous layer. Theinfluence of the layer was taken into account by the method of perturbationtheory in a quadratic approximation of the layer thickness. A method isproposed for converting expressions derived using perturbation theory intoother expressions that give more accurate values of the reflectioncoefficient. The angular dependences of the reflection coefficient obtainedby the developed method are compared with those obtained by the numericalsolution of electrodynamic equations. Requirements for the layercharacteristics are formulated to minimize the error of the analyticalsolution. Keywords: dielectric medium, inhomogeneous layer, electromagnetic wavereflection coefficient, analytical calculation, perturbation theory.\
Nonlinear splitting of magnetoelastic resonance line in powerfully excited ferrite
Authors: Vlasov V. S.  , Shavrov V. G.  , Shcheglov V. I.
Published: September 2022

The nonlinear splitting of magnetoelastic resonance line in powerfully excited ferrite is investigated. It is shown that the amplitude of splited resonance has the same order of value that the amplitude of basis resonance and its frequency is determined by the upper boundary of nonlinear amplitude-frequency characteristic of magnetic system. It is found the threshold character of splitting additional resonance from general. It is determined the possibility of operation of splited elastic resonance frequency by changing of exited magnetic field value which has practical importance. Keywords: ferromagnetic resonance, magnetoelastic interaction, nonlinear vibrations.\
Comparative study of the thermal stability of Be-based extremeultraviolet pellicles
Authors: Zuev S. Yu.  , Lopatin A. Ya.  , Luchin V. I.  , Salashchenko N. N.  , Tatarskiy D. A.  , Tsybin N. N.  , Chkhalo N. I.
Published: September 2022

We demonstrate the possibility of manufacturing Be-basedultrathin films with high transmission at wavelengths of 11.4 and 13.5 nm. For free-standing films of Be and Be-based multilayer structures (Si/Be,ZrSi2/Be, Be/BexNy, Zr/Be, Ru/Be, Mo/Be), we determine the thresholds of theabsorbed power at which over a short period (tens of minutes) of vacuumannealing, initially sagging free-standing films became visibly stretchedover the hole. Of the film structures tested here, the Be/BexNy structure(with beryllium nitride interlayers) showed the highest threshold for theabsorbed power (1 W/cm2). However, due to the low strength of thisstructure, ZrSi2/Be, Mo/Be, and Be films seem to be more promising for themanufacture of a full-size pellicle. Long-term vacuum annealing of Mo/Beand Be ultrathin films showed that they could withstand 24 hours of vacuumheating at an absorbed power density of 0.2 W/cm2 (film temperature 250oC)without noticeable changes in EUV transmission or sagging of films. Withcomparable transmission (~83% at 13.5 nm and ~88% at 11.4 nm), a multilayerMo/Be structure with a thickness of 30 nm appears to be preferable, as itshows less brittleness than a monolayer Be film with a thickness of 50 nm. Keywords: Be-based pellicle, multilayer thin film, EUV lithography,thermal stability\
Mode transformation in hybrid waveguides based on lithium niobate forefficient coupling to a standard single mode fiber
Authors: Parfenov M. V.  , Agruzov P. M.  , Ilichev I. V.  , Usikova A. A.  , Shamrai A. V.
Published: September 2022

Topology of a hybrid waveguide device, which performs aneffective transformation of a standard gradient titanium in-diffusedwaveguide mode to a hybrid waveguide mode, is considered. With its help arather large optical mode with size optimal for coupling with standardsingle-mode fibers can be converted to a mode with a smaller size. Two themost perspective materials for hybrid waveguide fabrication were considered:silicon and titanium dioxide. The theoretical analysis has shown thattransformation efficiency of more than 99% is achievable for waveguidedevices based on titanium dioxide with contact lithography resolution. Keywords: integrated optics, waveguide, lithium niobate, optical mode,taper, silicon, titanium dioxide\
Thermal conductivity of a composite based on n-alkane and nanosized additives
Authors: Egorov V. M.  , Borisov A. K.  , Marikhin V. A.
Published: September 2022

Composites based on n-alkane and nanoscale additives were investigated to determine the efficiency of heat transfer during phase transitions in phase change materials. There was justified a new technique for obtaining thermal conductivity by analyzing shapes of the peaks recorded in thermograms by the method of differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the thermal conductivity of composite materials is several times higher than the thermal conductivity of the initial n-alkane. The observed effect is due to the specificity of the supramolecular nanostructure of the composite, which differs from the supramolecular structure of the nonadecane. Keywords: conductivity, composite, phase transitions, n-alkane.
Investigation of the effect of hydrogen content on the conductivity of nanocrystalline diamond films
Authors: Ivanov O. A.  , Vikharev A. L.  , Bogdanov S. A.  , Ovechkin N. M.  , Loginov V. P.  , Yakovlev Y. A.  , Vul` A. Ya.
Published: September 2022

The results are presented for investigation of electrical conductivity of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films with thickness of 0.5-0.6 microns grown on silicon Si(100) substrates by the CVD method using methane-hydrogen and methane-hydrogen-oxygen mixtures. By the method of heating in vacuum with using hydrogen analyzer AB-1, the concentration of hydrogen in the studied films was determined and the relationship between the content of hydrogen in the NCD film and its conductivity was estimated. It has been shown that high-temperature processing in vacuum at the temperature of 600oC leads to desorption of hydrogen from the films and to a significant increase in their resistance. Keywords: nanocrystalline diamond, thin diamond films, electrical properties of films, hydrogen content.
Nonlocal electron dynamics in GaN / AlGaN transistor heterostructures
Authors: Bogdanov S. A.  , Borisov A. A.  , Karpov S. N.  , Kuliyev M. V.  , Pashkovskii A. B.  , Tereshkin E. V.
Published: September 2022

The processes of nonlocal electron heating in transistor heterostructures based on gallium nitride and gallium arsenide were compared. It has been shown that, in the case of GaAs double doped pseudomorphic heterostructures, the real space transfer of electrons significantly reduces their drift velocity overshot in the region of a strong field as compared with pure bulk GaAs, while in GaN-based heterostructures the decrease in the drift velocity overshot does not exceed 30% in the studied cases. Keywords: Real space transfer, field-effect transistor, gain factor