bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An azimuthally-modified linear phase grating: Generation of varied radial carpet beams over different diffraction orders with controlled intensity sharing among the generated beams
Authors: Rasouli Saifollah , Khazaei Ali Mohammad
Published: August 2019

Diffraction gratings are important optical components and are used in many areas of optics such as in spectroscopy. A diffraction grating is a periodic structure that splits and diffracts the impinging light beam into several beams travelling in different directions. The diffracted beams from a grating are commonly called diffraction orders. The directions of the diffraction orders depend on the grating period and the wavelength of the impinging light beam so that a grating can be used as a dispersive element. In the diffraction of a plane wave from a conventional grating, the intensities of diffracted beams decrease with increasing order of diffraction. Here, we introduce a new type of grating where in the diffraction of a plane wave, the intensity of a given higher order diffracted beam can be higher than the intensity of the lower orders. We construct these gratings by adding an azimuthal periodic dependency to the argument of the transmission function of a linear phase grating that has a sinusoidal profile and we call them azimuthally-modified linear phase gratings (AMLPGs). In this work, in addition to introducing AMLPGs, we present the generation of varied radial carpet beams over different diffraction orders of an AMLPG with controlled intensity sharing among the generated beams. A radial carpet beam is generated in the diffraction of a plane wave from a radial phase grating. We show that for a given value of the phase amplitude over the host linear phase grating, one of the diffraction orders is predominant and by increasing the value of the phase amplitude, the intensity sharing changes in favor of the higher orders. The theory of the work and experimental results are presented. In comparison with the diffraction of a plane wave from radial phase gratings, the use of AMLPGs provides high contrast diffraction patterns and presents varied radial carpet beams over the different diffraction orders of the host linear phase grating. The resulting patterns over different diffraction orders are specified and their differences are determined. The diffraction grating introduced with controlled intensity sharing among different diffraction orders might find wide applications in many areas of optics such as optical switches. We show that AMLPG-based radial carpet beams can be engineered in which they acquire sheet-like spokes. This feature nominates them for potential applications in light sheet microscopy. In addition, a detailed analysis of the multiplication of the diffraction pattern of an AMLPG by the 2D structure of a spatial light modulator is presented. The presented theory is confirmed by respective experiments.
Reversibly switching water droplets wettability on hierarchical structured Cu2S mesh for efficient oil/water separation
Authors: Xu Shanya , Sheng Rui , Cao Yali , Yan Junfeng
Published: August 2019

Surfaces with reversible wettability have broad applications but remain challenging since the switching process is usually energy intensive and complex. In this paper, a pyramid shaped Cu2S film with hierarchical micro/nanostructures is formed on a commercial copper mesh. This film is formed by a spontaneous redox sulfuration reaction and results in a roughened surface, which enables reversible wetting transition between superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity. This switching occurs by simple processes such as alternately storing in air or using an ethanol solution treatment and yields cyclic wettability switching for many cycles. This convenient wetting transition behavior, as well as strong stability and efficient oil/water separation with efficiency exceeding 98%, renders it as a potentially useful mesh material for switchable surfaces.
Discovery of HSPG2 (Perlecan) as a Therapeutic Target in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Kalscheuer Stephen , Khanna Vidhi , Kim Hyunjoon , Li Sihan , Sachdev Deepali , DeCarlo Arthur , Yang Da , Panyam Jayanth
Published: August 2019

In recent years, there have been significant advances in the treatment of breast cancer resulting in remarkably high survival rates. However, treatment options for metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are quite limited due to a lack of identifiable, unique markers. Using a phage display-based whole cell biopanning procedure, we developed two human antibodies that bind to tumor cells with a metastatic TNBC phenotype. Our studies further identified domain 1 of HSPG2 (perlecan) protein as the cognate cell surface antigen bound by the antibody. Immunohistochemistry studies utilizing patient tissue samples revealed significant cell surface expression of HSPG2 in both primary tumors and metastatic lesions. Further, higher HSPG2 expression correlated with poor survival in TNBC. The affinity-matured antibody inhibited the growth of triple negative MDA-MB-231 tumors to a greater extent in nude mice than in NSG mice, pointing to the potential role of natural killer cell-mediated antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. This mechanism of action was confirmed through in vitro assays using mouse splenocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These results suggest that HSPG2 is a promising target in metastatic TNBC and HSPG2-targeted antibodies could represent a potentially novel class of targeted therapeutics for TNBC.
The Spatial and Temporal Influence of Cloud Cover on Satellite-Based Emergency Mapping of Earthquake Disasters
Authors: Robinson Tom R. , Rosser Nick , Walters Richard J.
Published: August 2019

The ability to rapidly access optical satellite imagery is now an intrinsic component of managing the disaster response that follows a major earthquake. These images provide synoptic data on the impacts, extent, and intensity of damage, which is essential for mitigating further losses by feeding into the response coordination. However, whilst the efficiency of the response can be hampered when cloud cover limits image availability, spatio-temporal variations in cloud cover have never been considered as part of the design of effective disaster mapping. Here we show how annual variations in cloud cover may affect our capacity to respond rapidly throughout the year and consequently contribute to overall earthquake risk. We find that on a global scale when accounting for cloud, the worst time of year for an earthquake disaster is between June and August. During these months, 40% of the global population at risk from earthquakes are obscured from optical satellite view for >3 consecutive days. Southeastern Asia is particularly strongly affected, accounting for the majority of the population at risk from earthquakes that could be obscured by cloud in every month. Our results demonstrate the importance of the timing of earthquakes in terms of our capacity to respond effectively, highlighting the need for more intelligent design of disaster response that is not overly reliant on optical satellite imagery.
Genome-wide association study of knee pain identifies associations with GDF5 and COL27A1 in UK Biobank
Authors: Meng Weihua , Adams Mark J. , Palmer Colin N. A. ,   The 23andMe Research Team, Agee Michelle , Alipanahi Babak , Bell Robert K. , Bryc Katarzyna , Elson Sarah L. , Fontanillas Pierre , Furlotte Nicholas A. , Hicks Barry , Hinds David A. , Huber Karen E. , Jewett Ethan M. , Jiang Yunxuan , Kleinman Aaron , Lin Keng-Han , Litterman Nadia K. , McCreight Jennifer C. , McIntyre Matthew H. , McManus Kimberly F. , Mountain Joanna L. , Noblin Elizabeth S. , Northover Carrie A. M , Pitts Steven J. , Poznik G. David , Sathirapongsasuti J. Fah , Shelton Janie F. , Shringarpure Suyash , Tian Chao , Tung Joyce Y. , Vacic Vladimir , Wang Xin , Wilson Catherine H. , Shi Jingchunzi , Auton Adam , Ryan Kathleen A. , Jordan Joanne M. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Jackson Rebecca D. , Yau Michelle S. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Smith Blair H.
Published: August 2019

Knee pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints that brings people to medical attention. Approximately 50% of individuals over the age of 50 report an experience of knee pain within the past 12 months. We sought to identify the genetic variants associated with knee pain in 171,516 subjects from the UK Biobank cohort and seek supporting evidence in cohorts from 23andMe, the Osteoarthritis Initiative, and the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. We identified two loci that reached genome-wide significance in the UK Biobank: rs143384, located in GDF5 (P = 1.32 × 10−12), a gene previously implicated in osteoarthritis; and rs2808772, located near COL27A1 (P = 1.49 × 10−8). These findings were supported in cohorts with self-reported osteoarthritis/radiographic knee osteoarthritis without pain information. In this report on genome-wide association of knee pain, we identified two loci in or near GDF5 and COL27A1 that are associated with knee pain.
Droplet incubation and splitting in open microfluidic channels
Authors: Berry Samuel B. , Lee Jing J. , Berthier Jean , Berthier Erwin , Theberge Ashleigh B.
Published: August 2019

Droplet-based microfluidics enables compartmentalization and controlled manipulation of small volumes in open channels.
Preparation and application of molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective extraction of naringin and genistein from herbal medicines
Authors: Luo Zhimin , Xiao Aiping , Chen Guoning , Guo Qi , Chang Chun , Zeng Aiguo , Fu Qiang
Published: August 2019

Two uniform-sized molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared and used as SPE sorbents for the selectively extraction of genistein and naringin from herbal medicines.
Quantitative analysis of toxic elements in polypropylene (PP)vialaser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) coupled with random forest regression based on variable importance (VI-RFR)
Authors: Liu Ke , Tian Di , Xu Heyi , Wang Hongxia , Yang Guang
Published: August 2019

With the extensive use of plastic products, determining the amount of toxic elements in plastic products has become a pressing issue for human health and environmental protection.
Lysosome-targeting turn-on red/NIR BODIPY probes for imaging hypoxic cells
Authors: Kong Xiangduo , Di Linting , Fan Yunshi , Zhou Zhikuan , Feng Xinjiang , Gai Lizhi , Tian Jiangwei , Lu Hua
Published: August 2019

Two lysosome-targeting turn-on red/NIR BODIPY probes for imaging hypoxic cells were rationally designed.
A multifunctional triazine-based nanoporous polymer as a versatile organocatalyst for CO2utilization and C–C bond formation
Authors: Sharma Ruchi , Bansal Ankushi , Ramachandran C. N. , Mohanty Paritosh
Published: August 2019

Conversion of CO2to cyclic carbonates, methanol and methane by using a nanoporous MNENP as a multifunctional metal-free organocatalyst.
Liquid metal dispersion by self-assembly of natural phenolics
Authors: Centurion Franco , Saborío Maricruz G. , Allioux Francois-Marie , Cai Shengxiang , Ghasemian Mohammad B. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kourosh , Rahim Md. Arifur
Published: August 2019

Liquid metal dispersion stabilized by natural phenolics for conductive paper composites has been demonstrated.
Unusual isomorphism in crystals of organic solvates with hydrazine and water
Authors: Navasardyan Mger A. , Kuz'mina Lyudmila G. , Churakov Andrei V.
Published: August 2019

Unusual isomorphism and isomorphous substitution in crystals of organic solvates with hydrazine and water are observed for the first time.
Study on growth characteristics of Ib-type diamond in an Fe–Ni–C–S system
Authors: Fang Shuai , Ma Hongan , Wang Zhanke , Yang Zhiqiang , Cai Zheng-hao , Ding Luyao , Miao Xinyuan , Chen Liangchao , Jia XiaoPeng
Published: August 2019

FeS is the main sulfur-containing compound in natural diamond inclusions.
Alloying-induced spin Seebeck effect and spin figure of merit in Pt-based bimetallic atomic wires of noble metals
Authors: Singh Gurvinder , Kumar Krishan , Moudgil R. K.
Published: August 2019

The chemical potential of electrodes can be tuned to generate pure thermal spin voltages in certain bimetallic wires of noble metals.
Drug-resistance mechanisms of three mutations in anaplastic lymphoma kinase against two inhibitors based on MM/PBSA combined with interaction entropy
Authors: Xiao Zhengrong , Cong Yalong , Huang Kaifang , Zhong Susu , Zhang John Z. H. , Duan Lili
Published: August 2019

As a promising drug target in the treatment of lung cancer, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and its mutations have been studied widely. This work explored the origin of the resistance mechanism of the ALK mutants again two inhibitors.
Asymptotic behavior of the Hartree-exchange and correlation potentials in ensemble density functional theory
Authors: Gould Tim , Pittalis Stefano , Toulouse Julien , Kraisler Eli , Kronik Leeor
Published: August 2019

We show that the Hartree-exchange and correlation potentials of ensemble systems can have unexpected features, including non-vanishing asymptotic constants and non-trivial screening of electrons. These features are demonstrated here on Li, C, and F.
Why does the presence of silicon atoms improve the emission properties of biphenyl derivatives? – Verification of various hypotheses by experiment and theory
Authors: Rachuta Karolina , Bayda-Smykaj Malgorzata , Koput Jacek , Hug Gordon L. , Majchrzak Mariusz , Marciniak Bronislaw
Published: August 2019

Enhanced emission of 4,4′-bis(vinyldimethylsilyl)-biphenyl as compared to its carbon analogue resulted from the presence of the silicon atom that caused stronger transition moment of the emissive state and more efficient mixing of the excited states.
Linking capacity loss and retention of nickel hexacyanoferrate to a two-site intercalation mechanism for aqueous Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions
Authors: Shrivastava Aniruddh , Liu Sizhe , Smith Kyle C.
Published: August 2019

Partial substitution of Ni2+ in the host lattice of nickel hexacyanoferrate by Mg2+ or Ca2+ from aqueous electrolytes leads to rapid capacity fade during galvanostatic cycling, while capacity is retained by intercalation into interstitial sites.
Growth of well-ordered iron sulfide thin films
Authors: Davis Earl Matthew , Berti Giulia , Kuhlenbeck Helmut , Vonk Vedran , Stierle Andreas , Freund Hans-Joachim
Published: August 2019

Preparation and structural analysis of well-ordered, single-crystalline, hexagonal iron sulfide thin films for use in model catalysis studies.
Retraction: Monodisperse CuB23 nanoparticles grown on graphene as highly efficient catalysts for unactivated alkyl halide Heck coupling and levulinic acid hydrogenation
Authors: Tong Dong Ge
Published: August 2019

Retraction of ‘Monodisperse CuB23 nanoparticles grown on graphene as highly efficient catalysts for unactivated alkyl halide Heck coupling and levulinic acid hydrogenation’ by Shi Yan Fu et al., Catal. Sci. Technol., 2015, 5, 1638–1649.
Weakening hydrogen adsorption on nickel via interstitial nitrogen doping promotes bifunctional hydrogen electrocatalysis in alkaline solution
Authors: Wang Tingting , Wang Miao , Yang Hao , Xu Mingquan , Zuo Chuandong , Feng Kun , Xie Miao , Deng Jun , Zhong Jun , Zhou Wu , Cheng Tao , Li Yanguang
Published: August 2019

Ni3N nanoparticles are promising candidates for the electrocatalytic hydrogen oxidation reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline solution.
Biochar enhanced microbial degradation of 17β-estradiol
Authors: Dai Han , Gao Shumei , Lai Chaochao , He Huan , Han Fengxia , Pan Xuejun
Published: August 2019

The reed straw biochar can receive electrons generated by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to promote the biodegradation of E2.
Emerging investigator series: linking chemical transformations of silver and silver nanoparticles in the extracellular and intracellular environments to their bio-reactivity
Authors: Minghetti Matteo , Dudefoi William , Ma Qing , Catalano Jeffrey G.
Published: August 2019

Here we track intracellular uptake, speciation and bioreactivity of silver and silver nanoparticles in a model of the fish intestine and show that intracellular silver speciation is related to its bio-reactivity.
Unsymmetrical triazolyl-naphthyridinyl-pyridine bridged highly active copper complexes supported on reduced graphene oxide and their application in water
Authors: Hu Wenkang , Zhang Yilin , Zhu Haiyan , Ye Dongdong , Wang Dawei
Published: August 2019

A clean method for the synthesis of functionalized quinolines in water with a recoverable copper catalyst was developed.
Continuous flow solvent free organic synthesis involving solids (reactants/products) using a screw reactor
Authors: Sharma Brijesh M. , Atapalkar Ranjit S. , Kulkarni Amol A.
Published: August 2019

Various organic transformations such as aldol condensation, oxidation, nucleophilic substitutions, protection, acylations and coupling reactions are performed using a single mechanochemical platform.
Selective photothermal ablation of cancer cells by patterned gold nanocages using surface acoustic waves
Authors: Zhou Wei , Chen Mian , Liu Xiufang , Zhang Wenjun , Cai Feiyan , Li Fei , Wu Junru , Wang Jinping , Wang Yang , Huang Xiaowei , Lin Zhengrong , Zhou Hui , Meng Long , Niu Lili , Zheng Hairong
Published: August 2019

An integrated microfluidic system, involving nanocage manipulation by SAW and patterned nanocage-induced temperature elevation by laser irradiation, was established for selectively destroying cancer cells.
Size-based analysis of extracellular vesicles using sequential transfer of an evaporating droplet
Authors: Jeong Hwapyeong , Shin Hyunwoo , Yi Johan , Park Yonghyun , Lee Jiyoul , Gianchandani Yogesh , Park Jaesung
Published: August 2019

We report spatial separation of extracellular vesicle (EVs) populations based on size by using Marangoni flow and the coffee-ring effect in microdroplets.
FlowSculpt: software for efficient design of inertial flow sculpting devices
Authors: Stoecklein Daniel , Davies Michael , de Rutte Joseph Michael , Wu Chueh-Yu , Di Carlo Dino , Ganapathysubramanian Baskar
Published: August 2019

Microfluidic devices for asymmetric and multi-material inertial flow sculpting are rapidly designed using FlowSculpt: an efficient, cross-platform, and free application.
Chiral co-selector induced chirality switching in the enantioseparation of ofloxacin by forming a co-crystal
Authors: He Lichao , Chen Xinjian , Li Xiangrong , Zhou Zhiyong , Ren Zhongqi
Published: August 2019

The chiral selectivity in the cocrystal process could be switched by changing the combination of chiral co-selectors.
Stabilizing cathodes of lithium–sulfur batteries by the chemical binding of sulfur and their discharge products to carbon nanofibers
Authors: Li Dan , Liu Jie , Xu Na , Wang Mengfan , Liu Xuejun , Yang Tingzhou , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin
Published: August 2019

Covalent immobilization of discharge products of Li–S batteries was designed, which results in the straightforward generation of short-chain polysulfides.
Quinacetophenone: a simple precursor for synthesis of phenoxazines
Authors: Nunewar Saiprasad N. , Muthyala Bhavana B. , Dastari Sowmya , Tangellamudi Neelima D.
Published: August 2019

Quinacetophenone is a versatile and easy accessible building block for synthesis of various biologically active heterocyclic compounds.
Solvothermal synthesis of CuCoO2 nanoplates using zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) as a co-derived precursor
Authors: Du Zijuan , Qian Jinchen , Zhang Tianyang , Ji Chenjie , Wu Jie , Li Hong , Xiong Dehua
Published: August 2019

CuCoO2 nanoplates were prepared through the solvothermal method at 140 °C using ZIF-67 as the Co precursor for the first time.
Monolayer MoS2 growth at the Au–SiO2 interface
Authors: Lim Hong En , Irisawa Toshifumi , Okada Naoya , Okada Mitsuhiro , Endo Takahiko , Nakanishi Yusuke , Maniwa Yutaka , Miyata Yasumitsu
Published: August 2019

Monolayer MoS2 was grown directly at the interface between Au and SiO2 by CVD.
Atomically thin two-dimensional ZnSe/ZnSe(ea)x van der Waals nanojunctions for synergistically enhanced visible light photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Song Huaibing , Yang Yichen , Li Zha , Huang Min , Yu Jiaguo , Wu Yan
Published: August 2019

Atomically thin two-dimensional ZnSe/ZnSe(ea)x van der Waals nanojunctions for synergistically enhanced visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Retraction: Synthesis of octahedral, truncated octahedral, and cubic Rh2Ni nanocrystals and their structure–activity relationship for the decomposition of hydrazine in aqueous solution to hydrogen
Authors: Ge Tong Dong
Published: August 2019

Retraction of ‘Synthesis of octahedral, truncated octahedral, and cubic Rh2Ni nanocrystals and their structure–activity relationship for the decomposition of hydrazine in aqueous solution to hydrogen’ by Chun Li et al., Nanoscale, 2016, 8, 7043–7055.
Controllable synthesis and electrochemical capacitor performance of MOF-derived MnOx/N-doped carbon/MnO2composites
Authors: Wang Kuaibing , Wang Huijian , Bi Rong , Chu Yang , Wang Zikai , Wu Hua , Pang Huan
Published: August 2019

Different amount of carbon and nitrogen, for MOF-derived nitrogen-doped carbon/Mn3O4composites, can result in the discrepancies of synergistic effect which plays an important role in final electrochemical performance.
Three-dimensional porous carbon materials and their composites as electrodes for electrochemical energy storage systems
Authors: Deng Xiaoyang , Li Jiajun , Ma Liying , Sha Junwei , Zhao Naiqin
Published: August 2019

This review describes the recent progress of 3D porous carbon materials and their composites as electrodes for electrochemical energy storage systems.
15N labeling and analysis of13C–15N and1H–15N couplings in studies of the structures and chemical transformations of nitrogen heterocycles
Authors: Deev Sergey L. , Khalymbadzha Igor A. , Shestakova Tatyana S. , Charushin Valery N. , Chupakhin Oleg N.
Published: August 2019

This review provides a generalization of effective examples of15N labeling followed by an analysis ofJCNandJHNcouplings in solution as a tool to study the structural aspects and pathways of chemical transformations in nitrogen heterocycles.
Promotion of Pt/CeO2 catalyst by hydrogen treatment for low-temperature CO oxidation
Authors: Jan Asif , Shin Jisu , Ahn Junsung , Yang Sungeun , Yoon Kyung Joong , Son Ji-Won , Kim Hyoungchul , Lee Jong-Ho , Ji Ho-Il
Published: August 2019

Understanding on effects of Pt size and oxygen vacancy at CeO2 surface in Pt/CeO2 catalyst for CO oxidation reaction enables to boost catalytic activity.
Iodine-mediated C–N and N–N bond formation: a facile one-pot synthetic approach to 1,2,3-triazoles under metal-free and azide-free conditions
Authors: Mani Geeta Sai , Donthiboina Kavitha , Shaik Siddiq Pasha , Shankaraiah Nagula , Kamal Ahmed
Published: August 2019

A novel strategy towards the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazolesviaC–N and N–N bond formation has been demonstrated under transition metal-free and azide-free conditions.
The importance of intramolecular conductivity in three dimensional molecular solids
Authors: Ball Melissa L. , Zhang Boyuan , Fu Tianren , Schattman Ayden M. , Paley Daniel W. , Ng Fay , Venkataraman Latha , Nuckolls Colin , Steigerwald Michael L.
Published: August 2019

trans-Linked 3D-semiconductors have higher intramolecular conductivity.
Accelerated robotic discovery of type II porous liquids
Authors: Kearsey Rachel J. , Alston Ben M. , Briggs Michael E. , Greenaway Rebecca L. , Cooper Andrew I.
Published: August 2019

High-throughput automation was used to streamline the synthesis, characterisation, and solubility testing, of new Type II porous liquids, accelerating their discovery.
Fluorescence–phosphorescence dual emissive carbon nitride quantum dots show 25% white emission efficiency enabling single-component WLEDs
Authors: Yuan Ting , Yuan Fanglong , Li Xiaohong , Li Yunchao , Fan Louzhen , Yang Shihe
Published: August 2019

Blue-yellow fluorescence–phosphorescence dual emission from single-component white emissive W-CNQDs with a high PLQE of 25% is reported for the first time.
Iridium on vertical graphene as an all-round catalyst for robust water splitting reactions
Authors: Roy Sanjib Baran , Akbar Kamran , Jeon Jae Ho , Jerng Sahng-Kyoon , Truong Linh , Kim Kiwoong , Yi Yeonjin , Chun Seung-Hyun
Published: August 2019

Iridium on vertical graphene nano-hills emerges as a highly active and robust catalyst for the total water splitting reaction in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes.
A thermally stable, barium-stabilized α-CsPbI3 perovskite for optoelectronic devices
Authors: Kajal Sandeep , Kim Gi-Hwan , Myung Chang Woo , Shin Yun Seop , Kim Junu , Jeong Jaeki , Jana Atanu , Kim Jin Young , Kim Kwang S.
Published: August 2019

The all-inorganic perovskite CsPbI3 has emerged as an alternative photovoltaic material to organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites due to its non-volatile composition and comparable photovoltaic performance.
Retraction: Monodisperse Ni3Fe single-crystalline nanospheres as a highly efficient catalyst for the complete conversion of hydrous hydrazine to hydrogen at room temperature
Authors: Tong Dong Ge
Published: August 2019

Retraction of ‘Monodisperse Ni3Fe single-crystalline nanospheres as a highly efficient catalyst for the complete conversion of hydrous hydrazine to hydrogen at room temperature’ by Dong Ge Tong et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1, 6425–6432.
Pic1, counteracting plant immunity signalling
Authors: Kangasjärvi Saijaliisa
Published: August 2019

Plants are equipped with versatile pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which monitor their external environment and elicit defensive measures upon detection of potential risk for disease. Inside the cell, receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) are key components of PRR signalling, but their molecular functions and regulatory interactions are not yet fully understood. In tomato, two RLCKs, Pti1a and Pti1b, are important signalling components that relay early defence signals elicited by bacterial flagellin, a conserved pattern common to various pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes. An important question to resolve is how plant immune reactions are regulated to prevent unnecessary defensive measures. A recent paper published in the Biochemical Journal by Giska and Martin [Biochem. J. (2019) 476, 1621–1635] reports the identification and biochemical characterization of a new tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) protein phosphatase that negatively controls early defence signalling. The phosphatase, termed pattern-triggered immunity inhibiting PP2C 1 (Pic1), negatively controls the signalling function of Pti1b and therefore holds a central position in the defence signalling network. The Pti1b–Pic1 kinase–phosphatase interaction provides mechanistic insights that forward our understanding of protein phosphatases and their importance in plant immunity.
Physicochemical considerations for bottom-up synthetic biology
Authors: Śmigiel Wojciech Mikołaj , Lefrançois Pauline , Poolman Bert
Published: August 2019

The bottom-up construction of synthetic cells from molecular components is arguably one of the most challenging areas of research in the life sciences. We review the impact of confining biological systems in synthetic vesicles. Complex cell-like systems require control of the internal pH, ionic strength, (macro)molecular crowding, redox state and metabolic energy conservation. These physicochemical parameters influence protein activity and need to be maintained within limits to ensure the system remains in steady-state. We present the physicochemical considerations for building synthetic cells with dimensions ranging from the smallest prokaryotes to eukaryotic cells.
Saturated‐core fault current limiters for AC power systems: Towards reliable, economical and better performance application
Authors: Yuan Jiaxin , Gan Pengcheng , Zhang Zhaoyang , Zhou Hang , Wei Liangliang , Muramatsu Kazuhiro
Published: August 2019

With the continuous expansion of power grid capacity, the problem of short‐circuit current exceeding the standard is becoming increasingly serious. Fault current limiter is a promising solution and is gradually becoming a research hotspot. In this study, fault current limiters are classified into four categories. And saturated‐core fault current limiters are emphatically introduced, including its working principle and comparison with the other three categories. Saturated core fault current limiters are divided into four branches according to the ways leading the core saturated. A comprehensive review of the research activities and emerging technologies of saturated‐core fault current limiters for AC power systems is presented in this study. The working principle and typical structure of DC‐biased‐, permanent‐magnet‐, superconducting‐ and hybrid‐type saturated‐core fault current limiters are introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of four types of saturated core fault current limiters are compared in detail from the aspects of current‐limiting performance, iron core size and DC magnetomotive force. Real grid application examples of some types of devices are presented, as well as new progress in the techniques, are covered and discussed in detail. One may find the content of this study helpful as a detailed literature review or as practical technical guidance.
The effects of anode distance and corrosion activity on current distribution for ICCP systems
Authors: Bhuiyan Shamir , Law David , Ward Liam , Saliba Justin
Published: August 2019

One of the most effective techniques to mitigate corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete is impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP). This technique has been widely used for several decades; however, there is limited research systematically studying the various factors affecting the distribution of cathodic current over the area of steel reinforcement. Understanding how current is distributed in an ICCP system is crucial for its design to ensure that all areas of steel are sufficiently protected, and overprotection of certain areas is avoided. In this study, the effect of distance of the anode from the steel and level of corrosion on current distribution is investigated by applying a potential sweep and measuring the steel potential and current for specimens with three layers of steel at different depths. The findings from this study revealed an inverse relationship between cathodic polarisation with steel distance from the anode and that higher levels of corrosion can cause a more non-uniform current distribution favouring the closest bar to the anode.
A fresh look at depolarisation criteria for cathodic protection of steel reinforcement in concrete
Authors: Rathod Nikita , Slater Peter , Sergi George , Seveviratne Gamini , Simpson David
Published: August 2019

Criteria for the successful application of cathodic protection (CP) for steel reinforced concrete have been fixed for decades and form part of ISO EN12696. The most used criterion is the achievement of 100 mV depolarization over a period not exceeding 24 hours after discontinuation of the applied current. Although more empirical than theoretically based, the criterion has served the CP industry well. It does, however, exclude any systems that may not always achieve that level of depolarization but have been shown to offer adequate protection, and so there is a need to explore ways of assessing depolarisation data more effectively. On a fundamental level, non-linear polarisation, as described by the Butler Volmer equation, relates corrosion rate to polarisation for a given applied current density and shows that at low current densities, estimated corrosion rates can be shown to be still insignificant at less than 100 mV polarisations. This paper explores the use of non-linear polarisation as an additional supportive criterion based on the measured 24-hour depolarisation level for a known applied current density and tests its applicability in the laboratory and in the field. It speculates that a reducing apparent corrosion current density trend in combination with a depolarised potential moving in a more noble direction is likely to be a suitable alternative criterion, where 100 mV depolarisation is not achieved.
Predicting residual service life of concrete infrastructure: a considerably controversial subject
Authors: Gulikers Joost
Published: August 2019

There is an increasing demand from asset owners for service life prediction of existing reinforced concrete structures. This requires assessment of the current condition and modelling to allow for a prediction. This paper critically discusses a number of subjects relevant for service life prediction with respect to durability related to chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion. The subjects include the physical meaning and variability of the end-of-service-life criterion, the validity of the deterioration models, the availability, variability and reality level of input values for some model parameters, as well as some practical issues concerning site investigations. The findings are exemplified by calculation examples using both a deterministic as well as a full probabilistic approach. It is anticipated that in the future a full probabilistic approach will be adopted which makes service life predictions more prone to manipulation of input values, as literature provides a wide spectrum of values to choose from. Although a probabilistic approach seems very impressive to most asset owners it usually disguises the lack of knowledge, responsibility and liability of the consultant involved. It is concluded that asset owners will be easy prey for consultants to play a lucrative numbers game eventually providing a desirable and realistic outcome, mostly already known beforehand.
Condition assessment and service life prediction of a marine concrete structure: an interesting case study
Authors: Gulikers Joost
Published: August 2019

On the windward side of an existing box girder bridge exposed to aerosol and incidentally spray chloride profiles were determined at an age of 18 and 32 years as to obtain data on the development of chloride ingress over time and to predict the time to onset of reinforcement corrosion. According to the chloride contents determined at the level of the reinforcing steel for an age of 18 years corrosion was likely to be present, however neither visual inspections nor large scale potential mapping revealed any spots suspect of corrosion. Chloride profiling performed at an age of 32 years indicated that chloride ingress was much slower than was anticipated. A full probabilistic approach was adopted to predict the development of chloride ingress over time and onset of reinforcement corrosion using updated values for the so-called ageing factor and the critical chloride content. However, the results obtained with these predictions proved to be far more pessimistic than is shown by the actual condition of the bridge. As a consequence it was decided not to rely anymore on predictions based on numerical models using probabilistic calculations but in contrast to adopt a pragmatic engineering approach using common sense as a basis.
ASR: Practical investigative techniques and field monitoring systems used to assess ASR for service life modeling.
Authors: Matteini Irene , Noyce Paul , Crevello Gina
Published: August 2019

Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) is a common deterioration mechanism affecting many concrete structures of any type and age. Initially identified more than 60 years ago (Stanton, 1930), this mechanism is based on the chemical reactions between certain siliceous minerals present in the aggregate and the alkalinity of the concrete in the presence of moisture (internal RH). While certain deterioration patterns are clearly associated with ASR, such as gel exudation, aggregate expansion, and characteristic cracking, the material degradation can often be misdiagnosed to the untrained eye. In addition, certain elements of a structure can be severely affected while neighboring elements of the same batch/ mix design do not bear signs of deterioration or impact. Thus far, in situ field monitoring of ASR affected structures is related to moisture measurements, electrical resistivity, expansion, service life models are based on fracture mechanics of the aggregate. The impact to the concrete is loss of integrity, decreased compressive strength, shear and tensile strength. Some observed structures have split, with such force, that the concrete structure had cracks greater than 25mm where steel retention bands have split. The authors of this paper were engaged in two instances to provide service life assessments for ‘corrosion related degradation’ on ASR affected structures. In all instances the elements which were assessed were structural, load bearing elements, which if failed could pose a significant risk to owner, user, or end recipient. The need to develop an assessment technique for monitoring and service life assessments which are practical and efficient is being developed. The paper will discuss the development of the approach, from visual indicators identifying condition hierarchies, to long term condition monitoring for various concrete parameters combined with laboratory testing (expansion and residual alkalis) and mathematical modeling. Three case studies will be presented to illustrate conditions and process.
Optimal Design of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines for Mechanical and Aesthetic Performances under Green Lifestyles in Thailand
Authors: Onporat Pataradanai , Nitichakorn Chayapol , Kumpeeyan Thinnaphat , Leephakpreeda Thananchai
Published: August 2019

Although current Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) is highly potential to energy conversion of wind energy under low wind speed conditions, which are abundantly found in Thailand, it is clear that there are no strong attentions of usages from private investors and government. To resolve the problems, the optimal design of VAWTs is proposed to obtain the most efficient power generation and the most physical attractiveness to household users. For each three dimensional VAWT model, the mechanical performance index is determined from the mean power coefficient over tip speed ratios via CFD analysis while the aesthetic performance index is obtained from the mean vote of respondents about their preference to three dimensional VAWT models. The product t-norm of two indices is used to quantify the most efficient power generation and physical attractiveness. The greatest values are chosen as the best designs. It is confirmed that there are significant tradeoffs between engineering achievement and appearance satisfaction for given models in the survey experiment. The mechanical performance index and aesthetic performance index should be taken in account for commercialization design. This work aims at research communities for systematically exploring new wind turbine rotors with innovative shapes, sizes, and orientations for physical attractiveness.
Design of Control Law for Ejection Seat under Adverse Attitudes
Authors: Mao Xiaodong , Liang Xudong
Published: August 2019

The escape performance of ejection seat under adverse attitudes is the key technology for the 4th generation ejection seat, and the design of control law algorithm is the core problem for attitude and trajectory adjustment. A new control law design method was presented. Firstly, a simulation model for the entire ejecting process was established and a control parameter optimization model was designed, through which an optimum parameter set was obtained as the discrete control law. Then, by utilizing multilayer feedback of the error back propagation (BP) algorithm based neural network model, the ultimate continuous control law can be acquired under the whole ejecting conditions. The roll attitude ejecting condition was exampled to design and validate the approached method. The results indicate that the performance of ejection seat by adopting the control law designed by the proposed method is higher than the multi-mode control law and the K3JI-3.5 ejection.
Design and Implementation of a Lightweight Lower Extremity Exoskeleton
Authors: Mu Jiamin , Jiang Hongzhou , Hua Yuxiang , Zhao Jie , Zhu Yanhe
Published: August 2019

This paper summarizes the biomechanics simulation and design of a lightweight lower extremity exoskeleton. The biomechanics simulation was carried out using LifeMOD to obtain joint torques of human body in the condition of its applications including walking on flat ground, ascending stairs, sitting down and standing up which provided the design criteria of actuating torques. The anthropomorphically based exoskeleton has 7 degrees of freedom per leg, two of which are powered by brushless DC motors, and the total mass is less than 12 kg due to the use of carbon fiber material and the compact structural design and optimization. Controlling and sensing system based on CANopen communication protocol is proposed which can provide high communication efficiency and reliability for the control of the exoskeleton.
Ressources en eau, sociétés et territoires méditerranéens. L’interdisciplinarité pour répondre aux défis du changement climatique
Authors: Romagny Bruno , Simonneaux Vincent , Boujrouf Saïd , Er-Raki Salah , Riaux Jeanne
Published: August 2019

La COP 22 (Marrakech, 2016) a fourni aux scientifiques l’occasion de s’interroger sur les conditions d’un dialogue interdisciplinaire autour du changement climatique, notamment à travers le séminaire « Ressources en eau, sociétés et territoires méditerranéens. L’interdisciplinarité pour répondre aux défis du changement climatique », organisé par des équipes de recherche franco-marocaines. La réflexion associant chercheurs, gestionnaires et décideurs s’est déroulée à travers six ateliers centrés sur l’eau comme enjeu environnemental et social : irrigation, territoires de l’eau, gestion intégrée, risques, réutilisation des eaux usées, biens communs. Chacun de ces objets suscite des approches disciplinaires potentiellement complémentaires. Les différents ateliers ont ainsi permis de poser la question du dialogue interdisciplinaire et de réfléchir collectivement aux modalités d’articulation des contributions de chaque discipline.
A production inventory model for deteriorating items with backlog-dependent demand
Authors: Rout Chayanika , Chakraborty Debjani , Goswami Adrijit
Published: August 2019

This paper investigates a production inventory model under classical EPQ framework with the assumption that the customer demand during the stock-out period is affected by the accumulated back-orders. The backlog rate is not fixed; instead, the demand during stock-out is assumed to decrease proportionally to the existing backlog which is thereby approximated by a piecewise constant function. Deteriorating items are taken into consideration in this work. For better illustration of the theoretical results and to highlight managerial insights, numerical examples are presented which are then compared to the results obtained by considering an exact (non-approximated) backlogging rate (from literature). The comparisons indicate high quality results for the approximated model.
Diastereoselective [2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of N-Allyl Ammonium Ylides
Authors: Murre Aleksandra , Erkman Kristin , Kaabel Sandra , Järving Ivar , Kanger Tõnis
Published: August 2019

A rapid and diastereoselective method was developed for the [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of N-allyl ammonium ylides, affording products in up to 95% isolated yields and up to 97:3 dr; most of the desired products were formed within 1 minute. For the asymmetric reaction, a chiral auxiliary was introduced to the starting compound, affording the rearrangement product with high diastereoselectivities.
Predictors of Meniscal Allograft Transplantation Outcome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fanelli Daniele , Mercurio Michele , Gasparini Giorgio , Galasso Olimpio
Published: August 2019

This systematic review investigates factors associated with outcomes after meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT). The PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register databases were used to search relevant articles in April 2018. Studies that evaluated at least one association between a factor and outcomes were extracted. Of 3,381 titles, 52 studies were finally analyzed. Data about predictors, patient-reported outcome scores (PROMs), and failure rates were extracted for quantitative and qualitative analysis. A total of 3,382 patients and 3,460 transplants were identified. Thirty different predictors were reported in the current MAT literature, 18 of which by at least two studies. Subgroup analysis showed that lateral MAT had higher postoperative values than medial MAT in Lysholm's (p = 0.0102) and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC; p = 0.0056) scores. Soft tissue fixation showed higher postoperative IKDC scores than bone fixation (p = 0.0008). Fresh frozen allografts had higher Lysholm's scores (p < 0.0001) and showed significantly lower failure rates (p < 0.0001) than cryopreserved allografts. Age (p < 0.015, β = 0.80), sex (p < 0.034, β  =  − 8.52), and body mass index (BMI; p < 0.014, β = −4.87) demonstrated an association with PROMs in the regression model. Qualitative analysis found moderate evidence that a higher number of previous procedures in the same knee are an independent predictor of transplant failure. Conflicting evidence was found with regard to chondral damage, time from meniscectomy, smoke, sport level, worker's compensation status, and preoperative Lysholm's score as predictors of outcomes. Our review suggests that the ideal candidate to undergo MAT may be a young male of normal weight with no previous knee surgeries, treated with a lateral isolated procedure. However, MAT is associated with good outcomes in the majority of patients with many of the PROMs requiring further study to determine their direct effects on long-term outcomes. This study is a systematic review and reflects level of evidence IV.
A History of Past Prostate Cancer Still Carries Risk After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Rosas Samuel , Tipton Shane , Luo T. David , Kerr Bethany A. , Plate Johannes F. , Willey Jeffrey S. , Emory Cynthia L.
Published: August 2019

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent diseases in the North American elderly population. Moreover, many patients undergo prostate resection without further treatment and are often considered cured. As such, it is expected that many undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis while having a history of PCa. Nonetheless, limited research is available on this topic, and without it, surgeons may not be aware of increased complication rates. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether patients at a national level with a history of PCa are at increased risk for complications after TKA. A retrospective case–control, comorbidity matched paired analysis was performed. Patients were identified based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes and matched 1:1 ratio to age, smoker status, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, chronic lung disease, smoking status, and obesity. Patients with active disease were excluded. The 90-day outcomes of TKA were compared through univariate regressions (odds ratios [ORs] and 95% confidence intervals). A total of 2,381,706 TKA patients were identified, and after matching, each comprised 113,365 patients with the same prevalence of the matched comorbidities and demographic characteristics. A significant increase in thromboembolic events that was clinically relevant was found in pulmonary embolisms (PEs) (1.44 vs. 0.4%, OR: 3.04, p < 0.001), Moreover, an increased rate of deep vein thromboses was also seen but was found to be not clinically significant (2.55 vs. 2.85%, OR: 1.19). Although length of stay and other complications were similar, average reimbursements were higher for those with a history of PCa. In conclusion, a history of prior PCa carries significant risk as these patients continue to develop increased PE rates during the 90-day postoperative period which appears to lead to greater economic expenditure. Surgeons and payers should include this comorbidity in risk and patient-specific payment models.