bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effects on Single and Paired Flash Visual Evoked Potentials
Authors: Strigaro Gionata , Mayer Isabella , Chen Jui-Cheng , Cantello Roberto , Rothwell John C.
Published: September 2014

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the occipital cortex has a controversial effect on the visual cortex excitability. Paired flash visual evoked potentials (paired F-VEPs) offer a unique method to express neural inhibition within the visual system. However, no studies have explored the effects of tDCS on F-VEPs in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of single- and paired-F-VEPs during and after tDCS in healthy humans. Twenty-six healthy volunteers participated. F-VEPs were recorded from occipital electrodes with closed eyes. Stimuli were single flashes, intermingled to flash pairs at the interstimulus interval of 125, 62.5, 50, 33.3, 16.6, and 11.1 ms (internal frequency of 8, 16, 20, 30, 60, and 90 Hz). The single F-VEP was split into a “main complex” and a “late response.” As to paired stimuli, the “test” F-VEP emerged from electronic subtraction of the single-F-VEP to the paired-F-VEP. In experiment 1, the return electrode was located on the scalp and we studied changes in F-VEPs after anodal, cathodal (1 mA, 15 min) and sham stimulation. A second experiment was performed in which F-VEPs were recorded before, during and after tDCS stimulation (anodal and cathodal) with the return electrode on the neck. F-VEPs recorded in experiment 1 did not detect any significant change after tDCS. In experiment 2 anodal polarization significantly increased the P2 latency ( P = .031) and reduced the amplitude of the “late response” of the single F-VEP ( P = .008). As for the paired F-VEPs, no significant changes were detected. In conclusion, low-intensity anodal tDCS has weak inhibitory aftereffects on the single F-VEP and no effects on the paired F-VEPs. Further methodological studies are needed to improve polarization efficacy.
Location of Irritative Zone in Epileptic Brains of Schizencephalic Patients
Authors: Kim Do-Hyung , Kwon Oh-Young , Jung Suck-Won , Jeong Heejeong , Son Seongnam , Kim Soo-Kyoung , Kang Heeyoung , Park Ki-Jong , Choi Nack-Cheon , Lim ByeongHoon
Published: September 2014

Although many schizencephaly patients suffer from epilepsy, the relationship between schizencephalic lesions and epileptic foci remains unclear. Previous studies have shown that schizencephalic lesions may be associated with, rather than contain, epileptogenic zones. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the current source distribution (CSD) of epileptiform discharges in schizencephalic patients and to correlate this activity with existing structural lesions. A consecutive series of 30 schizencephalic patients who were diagnosed using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were selected retrospectively and prospectively. Of the original 30 subjects selected, 13 had epilepsy, and 6 of these patients exhibited schizencephaly, epilepsy, and interictal spikes on electroencephalograms (EEG) and were enrolled in the present study investigating the current source analysis of interictal spikes. The CSDs of the initial rising phases and the peak points of the interictal spikes were obtained using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). Five patients exhibited a single focus of interictal spikes, while 1 patient showed 2 foci. Relative to the structural brain lesions, 5 patients displayed extrinsically localized CSDs, while 1 patient showed a partially intrinsically localized CSD. The present findings demonstrate that the CSDs of interictal spikes in schizencephalic patients are in general anatomically distinct from the cerebral schizencephalic lesions and that these lesions may display an extrinsic epileptogenicity.
Patient adherence to generic gabapentin: A pragmatic study
Authors: Tiamkao Siriporn , Thanasatirakul Pachara , Kongbunkiat Kannikar , Sawanyawisuth Kittisak , Tiamkao Somsak
Published: September 2014

Generic medication is cheaper than the original brand. Patient adherence to generic gabapentin has never been studied. The study was a retrospective longitudinal study. All consecutive adult patients of ages >15 years who received gabapentin treatment at Srinagarind Hospital were included. The study period was from August 2011 to March 2013. Initially, all patients received generic gabapentin (Siam Pharmaceutical, Thailand). Physicians could switch to original gabapentin (Neurontin®, Pfizer, USA) if the patients did not improve after generic gabapentin treatment. The rate of original gabapentin switch treatment was calculated. Clinical features of all patients who required original gabapentin were also reviewed. The generic gabapentin was prescribed for 5195 patients during the study period. Of those, 310 patients (6.0%) required switch therapy to original gabapentin. The most common indication of gabapentin in the patients who had the need to switch therapy was neuropathic pain in 266 patients (85.8%). Spondylosis was the most common diagnosis in 229 patients (73.8%) The average generic gabapentin use before original gabapentin therapy was 107 days (SD 94). The reason to switch therapy to original gabapentin was recorded in 22 patients (7.1%) due to ineffective treatment. In conclusion, generic gabapentin therapy is effective as a pain controller in neuropathic pain with adherence rate of 94.0%. Generic gabapentin therapy may reduce cost and budget from the original gabapentin.
A register study of life events in young adults born to mothers with mild intellectual disability
Authors: Lindblad Ida , Billstedt Eva , Gillberg Christopher , Fernell Elisabeth
Published: September 2014

Background:

Young adults, born to population-representative mothers with intellectual disability (ID), were targeted for psychosocial/life event follow-up.

Methods:

The whole group originally comprised 42 individuals but 3 had died and 1 had moved abroad. The remaining 38 were approached and 10 consented to participate in an interview study. However, of the remaining 28, it was not possible to establish contact with 21 who were instead searched for in various official registers.

Results:

Most ( n = 18) individuals in the study group had been in contact with different authorities and clinics. Of the 21 individuals, 10 had contact with social services since childhood and 4 of these had been taken into care (foster family) and 6 had had contact families during childhood. One individual had been taken into a treatment centre and one grew up mainly with the father. Altogether 12 (57%) of 21 individuals did not grow up full-time with their biological mother. Twelve (57%) had major neurodevelopmental/neuropsychiatric conditions, including five with ID and seven with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Four individuals were registered within the Prison and Probation Service due to various types of crimes.

Conclusion:

Individuals born to mothers with ID in our study group were at high risk of adverse experiences and negative outcomes, such as increased childhood mortality, a relatively large proportion of children taken into care, high rates of ID and ADHD in the children and of criminality in young adulthood. Taken together with the results obtained in an in-depth interview study of those in the originally targeted sample with whom it was possible to obtain contact, the present findings suggest that it will be important to provide early support and longitudinal developmental follow-up in groups of children growing up with a mother with ID. Children in this situation appear to be at a number of risks, probably related both to hereditary factors and to social disadvantage.
Managing multimorbidity in primary care
Authors: Shiner Alice , Ford John , Steel Nick , Salisbury Chris , Howe Amanda
Published: September 2014

Approximately eight in ten of all GP consultations involve a patient with multimorbidity. An average consultation covers 2.5 problems, but those involving a patient with multimorbidity will often be more complex, usually without additional time being available to address the extra problems. As the population ages the prevalence of multimorbidity and the pressures it creates will increase. Although there is little evidence to suggest the best way to deliver care for these patients, it is apparent that the use of single-disease-oriented guidelines without due regard for the individual is often inappropriate. GPs need the confidence and ability to interpret evidence-based recommendations within the context of individual patients. This article discusses the growing phenomenon of multimorbidity, its impact on patients, GPs and the health service, and outlines the skills required of GPs to provide optimal management.
Bilateral chylothorax: an unusual complication of cervical rib resection
Authors: Morjaria Jaymin B. , Aslam Imran , Johnson Brian , Greenstone Michael A. , Kastelik Jack A.
Published: September 2014

Bilateral chylothorax is a rare cause of pleural effusions. Here we report an unusual acute presentation of bilateral chylothorax following thoracic outlet surgery. Unique to this case was the disparate characteristics of pleural fluid analyses with an exudate on the left and a transudate on the right. This report describes the recognition and management of bilateral chylothoraces, an uncommon but potentially serious complication of this frequently performed surgical procedure.
Disruption of hSWI/SNF complexes in T cells by WAS mutations distinguishes X-linked thrombocytopenia from Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Authors: Sarkar Koustav , Sadhukhan Sanjoy , Han Seong-Su , Vyas Yatin M.
Published: September 2014

Key Points

hSWI/SNF requires WASp to remodel IFNG and TBX21 loci in T-helper (TH)1 cells. WAS-causing but not XLT-causing hot-spot mutations impair SWI/SNF-activity at TH1 gene promoters.
Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of traumatic articular cartilage defects: a comprehensive review
Authors: Bornes Troy D , Adesida Adetola B , Jomha Nadr M
Published: September 2014

Articular cartilage has a limited capacity to repair following injury. Early intervention is required to prevent progression of focal traumatic chondral and osteochondral defects to advanced cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis. Novel cell-based tissue engineering techniques have been proposed with the goal of resurfacing defects with bioengineered tissue that recapitulates the properties of hyaline cartilage and integrates into native tissue. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising strategy given the high proliferative capacity of MSCs and their potential to differentiate into cartilage-producing cells - chondrocytes. MSCs are historically harvested through bone marrow aspiration, which does not require invasive surgical intervention or cartilage extraction from other sites as required by other cell-based strategies. Biomaterial matrices are commonly used in conjunction with MSCs to aid cell delivery and support chondrogenic differentiation, functional extracellular matrix formation and three-dimensional tissue development. A number of specific transplantation protocols have successfully resurfaced articular cartilage in animals and humans to date. In the clinical literature, MSC-seeded scaffolds have filled a majority of defects with integrated hyaline-like cartilage repair tissue based on arthroscopic, histologic and imaging assessment. Positive functional outcomes have been reported at 12 to 48 months post-implantation, but future work is required to assess long-term outcomes with respect to other treatment modalities. Despite relatively positive outcomes, further investigation is required to establish a consensus on techniques for treatment of chondral and osteochondral defects with respect to cell source, isolation and expansion, implantation density, in vitro precultivation, and scaffold composition. This will allow for further optimization of MSC proliferation, chondrogenic differentiation, bioengineered cartilage integration, and clinical outcome.
Seismic Damage to Masonry-Infilled Timber Houses in the 2013 M7.0 Lushan, China, Earthquake
Authors: Qu Zhe , Dutu Andreea , Zhong Jiangrong , Sun Jingjiang
Published: September 2014

Masonry-infilled timber frames are widely used for residential houses in underdeveloped rural and mountainous areas in southwestern China. As suggested by the identified dynamic properties of three typical timber houses of this type, the structure can be taken as a dual system in which the masonry infills provide the most lateral resistance, while the timber frame withstands the vertical loads. The seismic damage to the houses, either of masonry or of masonry-infilled timber structures, in a small town near the epicenter of the 2013 M7.0 Lushan earthquake in southwestern China was inspected and compared, in order to show that the masonry-infilled timber houses exhibited much better seismic performance than the unreinforced masonry ones during the earthquake.
Forward and feedback regulation of cyclic steroid production in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Parvy Jean-Philippe , Wang Peng , Garrido Damien , Maria Annick , Blais Catherine , Poidevin Mickael , Montagne Jacques
Published: September 2014

In most animals, steroid hormones are crucial regulators of physiology and developmental life transitions. Steroid synthesis depends on extrinsic parameters and autoregulatory processes to fine-tune the dynamics of hormone production. In Drosophila, transient increases of the steroid prohormone ecdysone, produced at each larval stage, are necessary to trigger moulting and metamorphosis. Binding of the active ecdysone (20-hydroxyecdysone) to its receptor (EcR) is followed by the sequential expression of the nuclear receptors E75, DHR3 and βFtz-f1, representing a model for steroid hormone signalling. Here, we have combined genetic and imaging approaches to investigate the precise role of this signalling cascade within theprothoracic gland (PG), where ecdysone synthesis takes place. We show that these receptors operate through an apparent unconventional hierarchy in the PG to control ecdysone biosynthesis. At metamorphosis onset, DHR3 emerges as the downstream component that represses steroidogenic enzymes and requires an early effect of EcR for this repression. To avoid premature repression of steroidogenesis, E75 counteracts DHR3 activity, whereas EcR and βFtz-f1 act early in development through a forward process to moderate DHR3 levels. Our findings suggest that within the steroidogenic tissue, a given 20-hydroxyecdysone peak induces autoregulatory processes to sharpen ecdysone production and to confer competence for ecdysteroid biosynthesis at the next developmental phase, providing novel insights into steroid hormone kinetics.
Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Muffins with Added Powdered Tangerine Peel
Authors: Oh Seung Woo , Chung Kang Hyun
Published: September 2014

This study was done to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory properties of muffins with the addition of powdered tangerine peel (PTP). The pH of both the raw muffin dough and the baked muffins with the PTP decreased as the amount of PTP increased. The volume of the muffins was reduced with increased of amounts of PTP. The baking loss rate of muffins was demonstrated to be 11.13% in the control with 10% and 15% in the PTP added muffin, respectively. The texture of the muffins became more compact with increased amounts of PTP observed in a CreambScan analysis, while the crust thickness of the muffins was reduced from 0.14 cm to 0.05 cm. Furthermore, the void shape inside the muffins did not display a significant difference by the addition of PTP. The a and b values of muffin color were elevated with increases of PTP, while the L value was reduced. The textural properties of the muffins were changed by the increase of PTP. In sensory intensity tests, the inner color of the muffins changed significantly among treatments, whereas the size and uniformity of the void did not change compared with those of the control. However, the hardness and moistness of the muffins in the sensory preference test showed an erratic trend between the control and treated batches. The sensory scores of sour and tangerine flavors showed significant differences among treatments with increased PTP. The best sensory scores from the muffins were obtained at TP5 in the preference test and TP10 in texture, flavor and taste.
Preparation and Characterization of Black Garlic Wine
Authors: Kim Jin Hee , Son Ho Chang , Shin Ji Young , Kim Sung Hoon , Yang Ji Young
Published: September 2014

Wine from fermented black garlic, including many pharmacological components, was manufactured and its characteristics were investigated. The fermented black garlic contained 57.35±0.60% (w/w) moisture, 0.93±0.02%(w/w) crude protein, and 0.57±0.03% (w/w) total carbohydrate. The initial pH, soluble solid and fermentation temperature were measured to be pH 6.0, 25 brix and 25°C, respectively, for manufacturing wine from fermented black garlic. Young black garlic wine was harvested after storage for 3 mon at 10°C. Black garlic wine using France chips was analyzed for flavor compounds. Acetaldehyde, 1-propane, ethyl butylate, 2-methyl-1-propane, 3-methyl-1-butanol were detected as the major flavor compounds. The general composition of the finished black garlic wine was 12.50% of alcohol, 0.78% of acidity, 24.61 mg/mL of total phenol, 2.86 mg/mL of flavonoids and pH 3.57. The color index of the finished black garlic wine was 24.78±0.14 of L value, 2.89±0.53 of a value, and 3.29±0.72 of b value. The sensory evaluation rated the finished black garlic wine 11.9 points out of 20 points.
Physicochemical Properties of a Betatini Variety of Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme (Cherry Tomato)
Authors: Kim Hyen Ryung , Ahn Jun Bae
Published: September 2014

This study was carried out to elucidate the physicochemical properties of Betatini, a cherry tomato variety. The compositions of free amino acids, amino acid metabolies and phenolic compounds were analyzed and identified using HPLC and LC mass spectrometry. Eighteen free amino acids were found in the Betatini variety. The most abundant free amino acid was L-Glutamic acid (L-Glu) which comprised 48% of the total free amino acids in the Betatini. With the exception of tryptophan, the Betatini variety contained all of the essential amino acids. Several amino acid metabolites were also detected. Particularly, 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a known neurotransmitter, was present in high levels. Ten phenolic compounds were identified and their contents were measured. Large quantities of quercetin- 3-rutinoside (Q-3-R) and naringenin chalcone (NGC), both bioactive compounds, were found. These results revealed that the Betatini variety of cherry tomato contained various nutritional and bioactive compounds and would be a potent, functional food material.
Quality Characteristics of Cream Soup Containing Rice Starch and Guar Gum
Authors: Cho Yong-Hwa , Lee Young-Tack
Published: September 2014

The quality characteristics of cream soup containing 5% w/w rice starch replaced with varying levels (10-30% of rice starch) of guar gum as thickening agents were investigated to develop a new cream soup formulation. Rapid visco-analysis (RVA) showed that the replacement of guar gum with rice starch significantly lowered the pasting temperature and increased the peak, trough, breakdown and final viscosities. Guar gum also lowered pasting temperatures in cream soup formulation and resulted in increased pasting viscosities. Rice starch with guar gum slightly increased the moisture content of the cream soup. As the guar gum substitution increased, the lightness (L value) slightly decreased, while the yellowness (b value) increased. Apparent viscosity measured in the cooked cream soup containing rice starch was somewhat lower than those containing potato, sweet potato, tapioca, and wheat starches, while increasing gradually with increased guar gum replacement levels. Sensory evaluations showed that the overall acceptability score of cream soup containing rice starch was 6.7 on a nine-point hedonic scale and comparable to soups containing potato, sweet potato, wheat, and tapioca starches with scores ranging from 6.2 to 6.9. The rice starch cream soup was reported to have a soft and clean taste. Guar gum replacement up to 15% appeared to improve the sensory characteristics of rice starch cream soup including appearance, flavor, mouthfeel, and overall acceptability.
Effect of Steamed Rice Powder Temperature Added to Wheat Flour on Retrogradation Retardation in Garaetteok
Authors: Kim Hee-Sun , Kim Kyung-Mi , Han Gwi-Jung , Lee Hyeon-Gyu , Kim Myung-Hwan
Published: September 2014

The retrogradation retardation effects in Garaetteok, after storage for 28 days at 4°C, by the addition of the wheat flour into the steamed rice powder on a 0.8% (w/w) basis at different temperatures were analyzed. In the X-ray diffraction pattern, the control and 95°C treatment showed mixed B- and V-type patterns. The peaks were sharp with their size having increased after storage, whereas the 55 and 75°C treatments showed a single peak throughout the storage period. In addition, enthalpy changes (ΔE) measured by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) thermograms of Garaetteok were minimized with the 55°C treatment. Concurrently, the blue values in the starch increased during storage. The optimum temperature of the wheat flour, based on the textural hardness and chewiness of Garaetteok, was found to be 55°C after storage.
Changes in Microflora and Flavor of Soy Sauce (Ganjang) According to the Salt Concentration
Authors: Han Deok-Hee , Park Jung-Min , Bai Dong-Hoon
Published: September 2014

During a one-year fermentation of naturally brewed soy sauce (ganjang), changes in the microflora and flavor were analyzed according to the salt concentration. Ganjang was prepared by a traditional method with five different salt concentrations. The total viable cell numbers of aerobic and halophilic bacteria from all ganjang samples showed no significant changes. During the early fermentation period, mainly Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis, and B. subtilis appeared. During the late fermentation period, various species of bacteria were identified. Lactic acid bacteria were identified only in the early fermentation period, whereas yeast strains were observed only in ganjang with a low salt concentration of 4.8%. Small amounts of viable fungal cells were similarly isolated in all samples. The amount of aldehydes, alcohols, and acids in low salt samples were higher than those of the other groups during 0 to 3 months of fermentation.
Progress and litigation: protecting the urge to innovate in an increasingly litigious environment
Authors: Samuels Alec
Published: September 2014

Does the doctor have a duty to advance medicine? In law it is said that ‘every man is a debtor to his profession’. Doctors should always seek to do a good job, to improve their practice, to advance the progress of medicine. The doctor may be of an aspirational or progressive disposition, may work in research or in an academic and teaching post, which ideally should be linked to a practical post. As an ‘ordinary’ practitioner he or she may lack creative ideas, be very busy with day-to-day ordinary conventional ‘humdrum’ work and therefore may not have much opportunity for innovation. However, doctors are required to undergo regular training throughout their careers, in order to keep up to date. It is suggested that medical practitioners have a duty to do what they can to improve and advance medicine, within certain restraints. If new techniques are not tried out then medical progress will be stifled.
Data – celebrating high performance
Authors: Marx Clare
Published: September 2014

We are beginning to see the benefits of the difficult decisions taken in recent years to collect and publish data on surgeons’ outcomes. The Secretary of State is expressing considerable interest in data as part of his transparency agenda. Naturally, he is interested in the Office of National Statistics data, which show that in recent years overall potential years of life lost from causes considered amenable to healthcare have fallen and five-year survival rates from all cancers – particularly breast, lung and colorectal cancer – continue to steadily improve. In recent meetings with him, I have been able to emphasise the major role that surgery is playing in this positive healthcare story.
The impact of head and neck cancer service guidance on surgical workload
Authors: Price G , Roche M , Wight R
Published: September 2014

In 1995 the Calman–Hine report provided a policy framework for commissioning high-quality cancer services in England and Wales. 1 A comprehensive NHS cancer plan followed in 2000. 2 Both documents recommended that cancer care should be centralised around site-specific multidisciplinary teams. These reforms aimed to improve outcomes and reduce inequalities in NHS cancer care through service reconfiguration rather than the introduction of new health technologies. A body of evidence that high-workload 3 or specialist 4,5 teams had better outcomes than their low-workload or generalist peers supported the recommendations. In contrast, some studies produced inconclusive results 6 and not all health services adopted this site-specific approach. 7
‘… and I remember every single session!’ – on the usefulness of making reflective books as active note-taking
Authors: Gröppel-Wegener Alke , Williamson Sarah
Published: September 2014

This mainly visual essay attempts to give a glimpse of the potential reflective book-making has as note-taking through showcasing a variety of the artefacts produced during a number of Writing in Creative Practice workshops. It is interspersed with some of the quotations we use to put this activity into a larger context of making, thinking and reflective practice.
The ‘Creative Arts Patchwork Project’: An alternative to the academic essay
Authors: Cattaneo Jac
Published: September 2014

The ‘Patchwork Project’ explored peer assessment and alternative submission of written work on Creative Arts degrees. Art and Design students often experience a tension between the experiential learning of their main subject disciplines and the formal academic outcomes required by their Contextual Studies (theoretical) modules. Their studio practice (e.g. making paintings in Fine Art, garments in Fashion Design or images in Photography), involves working alongside peers and participating in formative group critiques of work in progress. However, Contextual Studies modules have a different mode of pedagogic delivery (the lecture or seminar) and require written outcomes, composed in isolation. Creative Arts students thus often consider writing to be an unwelcome ‘bolt-on’ to their core activity of creative production. This article shows that Creative Arts students who share the stages of composition with each other are better able to engage with writing as a meaning-making process. The project modified R. Winter’s patchwork text model, originally established in Health contexts, to include visual and performative elements, such as an images analysis and a poster presentation. Instead of producing an essay at the end of a Contextual Studies module, a cohort of B.A. (Hons) Fine Art students wrote a number of short pieces of text to be discussed with peers before being redrafted for submission and assessment. The poster presentation patch developed previous investigations into holistic assessment for visual arts students. Participants in the ‘Creative Arts Patchwork Project’ claimed that using a poster to ‘stitch’ the patchwork learning together had helped their learning to ‘go deeper’. This article demonstrates that the combination of a patchwork approach, peer discussion and a strong visual element improved students’ analytical abilities and confidence in their writing voices. The ‘Patchwork Project’ proposes a new way to approach the academic essay on Creative Arts degrees.
Sketchbook postal exchange
Authors: Challis Sue
Published: September 2014

This is a personal account of the re-evaluation of an artists’ sketchbook project, which I made during a period of struggle to write an academic Ph.D. thesis in a way that would draw on my creative practice as an artist. The Ph.D. research (for submission January 2014) explores the evaluation of qualitative impact of creativity in community projects, through empirical field trials. Part of this has included the use and development of creative evaluation methods, and an exploration of the issues of interpretation of data which these raise. This article describes how the experience of participating in a Writing-PAD HEA seminar using collage, earlier this year, prompted me to re-examine the personal sketchbook project and make a useful connection between my arts practice and academic writing.
The artist book: Making as visual method
Authors: Kealy-Morris Elizabeth
Published: September 2014

This article considers how the act of making through embodied activity can enhance levels of knowledge of complex theoretical frameworks. W. G. Sebald’s use of narrative and image in The Emigrants (1993) to conjure up ghosts that reside in our memory of significant places influenced the development of a hand stitched artist book of collaged photographs taken on a final farewell walk. This article examines the journey undertaken to develop the book from the walk over two years ago to the recent binding of the spine and considers the tacit understanding of the theoretical concepts which developed into explicit knowledge through the making of the book.
The Button Connection – Embedding quotations
Authors: Gröppel-Wegener Alke
Published: September 2014

A short addendum to Pat Francis’ report on her button activity – which it was inspired by – this contribution demonstrates how visual analogies can be used to help students visualize ‘hidden’ academic practice. Addressing students, it specifically uses the button to explain the concept of embedding quotations.
Wing-words and frameways: Materializing the critical incident through poetic enquiry and reflective practice in doctoral supervision
Authors: Mansell Lisa
Published: September 2014

The narratives and nomenclature which surround doctoral supervision reflect inherited metaphors of hierarchy. Traditional doctoral theses in the humanities show, in addition, a conservative adherence to certain modes of discourse which serve these inherited narratives that assume a certain fixedness in identity constructions of the ‘supervisor’ and ‘supervisee’, or the ‘supervisor’/’student’; worst of all, perhaps, the ‘master’/‘apprentice’ schema. This article uncovers an alternative approach to the supervisory relationship (via a methodology of poetic inquiry) which aims to dismantle inherited mythologies in the supervisory discourse and places the doctoral student and supervisor as co-collaborators in the act of supervision. Through poetic inquiry, critical incidents in reflective practice can be crystallized, deconstructed and reconstructed in new configurations that reflect more genuine dynamics in the relationship than those accommodated via the traditional models and schemas pertaining to supervisory discourse.

This article is a record of two workshops between a doctoral candidate and her supervisor and their effect on both the student’s reflection of her thesis and also the nature of PhD supervision itself. Techniques from poetics and ‘tactile academia’ formed the basis of the exercises and began a dialogue between supervisor and candidate, placing their texts in colloquy, for example, the poetic vignettes in this paper are the supervisor’s poetic inquiries, crystallized moments, in response to the candidate’s reflection. This exchange presents a more active reality of the supervisory relationship where a student can be simultaneously expert and novice, a supervisor a beginner and officiate, and both participants are co-creators.
A Conflicted Sense of Nationality: Napoleon III’s Arab Kingdom and the Paradoxes of French Multiculturalism
Authors: Murray-Miller Gavin
Published: September 2014

Les débats les plus récents à l’égard de l’identité nationale française ont révélé la résistance républicaine à la diversité culturelle dans la communauté nationale, exposant les problèmes de l’État pour encourager actuellement l’intégration musulmane. En revoyant les débats relatif à la nationalité et l’Algérie pendant le dix-neuvième siècle, cet article examine l’origine du multiculturalisme pathologique français en rapport avec la politique du Royaume Arabe. Il affirme que les débats sur la « question algérienne » sous le Second Empire déterminaient considérablement les conceptions de la nationalité et la modernité en France. En dépit de l’intention du Royaume Arabe d’établir une place pour les musulmans dans la nation française, il a confirmé en fin de compte les distinctions entre les ressortissants français et a sapé le but de réaliser une communauté cosmopolite française. Malgré cet échec les années du Second Empire constituait une époque dans laquelle les imaginaires nationaux parallèles ont émergé dans la politique française, mettant en lumière les possibilités alternatives à la nationalité républicaine française et le communauratisme républicain qui persiste au present.
The Missionary Réductions in New France: An Epistemological Problem with a Popular Historical Theory
Authors: Abé Takao
Published: September 2014

Afin de faire une antithèse, on examine l’idée populaire aujourd’hui que les réductions missionnaires des Jésuites au Paraguay ont été les modèles pour les réductions en Nouvelle France. Il est clair que cette idée n’était pas exprimée par les jésuites français aux dix-septième et dix-huitième siècles. L’idée que les réductions de Paraguay ont été les modèles a développé au dix-neuvième siècle et a été consolidé à la fin du vingtième siècle. Bien que les Jésuites français se rendaient compte des réductions du Paraguay, ils ne les comprennaient pas du tout. Par conséquence, il faut considérer ce que les auteurs jésuites ont signifié par ces références aux réductions du Paraguay. Lorsqu’on compare les deux types de réductions, les réductions du Saint Laurent étaient différentes essentiellement et pratiquement des réductions du Paraguay. Les Jésuites français étaient incapables de faire un modèle parfait des précédents paraguayens pour réussir dans leur propre projet. L’entreprise des réductions en Nouvelle France était basé sur la méthodologie évangélisatrice que les prêtres des Jésuites ont accumulée de l’expérience européen et de l’expérience dans les régions nonchrétiennes du monde. L’expérimentation missionnaire au Paraguay n’était qu’un seul précédent pour les Jésuites de la Nouvelle France.
Manifestos in Postrevolutionary Mexico: Opposition, Imposition, and the Comprimido Estridentista
Authors: Heilman Elliot
Published: September 2014

The years following the Mexican Revolution (1910–1917) witnessed energetic debate at all levels of Mexican society concerning the future of the nation. Utilizing the notion of “political fictions,” in this article I claim that a tension between two competing political fictions was laid bare and can usefully be examined through analysis of manifestos from this period. Building upon previous scholarship on this genre, I show how manifestos arose from institutional crisis and served as both the voice of the oppressed and as the bully pulpit of political elites in Mexico. I conclude by analyzing an artistic manifesto, the Comprimido Estridentista (1921), which is an early attempt to synthesize these two political fictions. Foreshadowing one of the central concerns of the postrevolutionary state, this unusual text attempts to institutionalize the promises of the Mexican Revolution.
The National Committee of Patriotic Societies and the Aesthetics of Propaganda
Authors: Hahner Leslie A.
Published: September 2014

This essay analyzes three pedagogical manuals on publicity design published by the National Committee of Patriotic Societies (NCPS) during the First World War. The NCPS represented dozens of nationalistic organizations dedicated to the mission of preparedness. This essay argues that in its publicity guidebooks, the NCPS suggested that propaganda designed with a Republican aesthetic could wed the working class to the war effort. Such advice was predicated on the psychological notion that affective experiences conditioned audiences for further persuasive appeals. Examination of these manuals thus highlights the importance of psychological theories of affect to the aesthetics of propaganda.
“We Shall Fight”: A Rhetorical Analysis of Churchill’s Famous Speech
Authors: Maguire Lori
Published: September 2014

Winston Churchill is commonly considered to have written some of the greatest speeches of the twentieth century, yet few of them have been analyzed in any depth. This essay attempts to examine in detail one of the most famous and, indeed, most important of these speeches, the “we shall fight” oration, given in the House of Commons on June 4, 1940, at the end of the evacuation of British and French troops from Dunkirk. It considers the differing audiences that Churchill was writing for and the message he was attempting to give to each. It also studies the different levels that the prime minister sees to the conflict: the concrete one in which he describes the actual combat and the abstract one in which Good battles Evil on a cosmic stage. On the first level, Dunkirk is a disaster that cannot be denied or hidden from the British people. On the second, however, it is a victory—a moral one only but one that has its own importance for Churchill. The context of the time is also examined. In particular, the famous last paragraph is given an in-depth analysis that leads to some rather surprising results.
Synthese von Zustands- und Ausgangsrückführungen für rekurrente Fuzzy-Systeme
Authors: Gering Stefan , Adamy Jürgen
Published: September 2014

Als spezielle Klasse dynamischer Fuzzy-Systeme bieten rekurrente Fuzzy-Systeme die Möglichkeit, dynamische Prozesse anhand von Expertenwissen oder Messdaten zu modellieren.
Dabei zeichnet sich die Regelbasis durch die Möglichkeit der linguistischen Interpretierbarkeit und somit der Transparenz aus. Dieser Artikel stellt Ansätze vor, mit denen sowohl (beobachterbasierte) Zustands- als auch Ausgangsrückführungen zur Stabilisierung bekannter Ruhelagen mit Hilfe bilinearer Matrixungleichungen ausgelegt werden können.
Die sich ergebenden Regler sind dabei strukturell äquivalent zu Fuzzy-Reglern und können somit ebenfalls linguistisch interpretiert werden.
Hinsichtlich der Ausgangsrückführungen wird gezeigt, dass sich bekannte Syntheseansätze aus der linearen Systemtheorie ebenfalls auf Ausgangsrückführungen für rekurrente Fuzzy-Systeme übertragen lassen.
Habitat-conditioned feeding behaviour in Barbitistes constrictus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
Authors: Kaňuch Peter , Sliacka Anna , Krištín Anton
Published: September 2014

Some insect herbivores can regulate their
nourishment intake by different feeding behaviour.
This mechanism allows them to persist with utilising
different food resources according to the composition of
the vegetation within their habitats. Using a two-choice
experiment, we analysed foraging behaviour in females
of the tree-dwelling bush-cricket Barbitistes constrictus
(Orthoptera), which originated from two different
forest habitats, spruce and beech forest. We found that
individuals from the spruce forest mainly foraged on
needle tips, and thus they nibbled more needles per day
than individuals from the beech forest (medians 106.0 vs.
42.5; p < 0.0001). However, when the contents of droppings
were dissected, the volume of consumed spruce was
similar in both groups of bush-crickets (median > 90%),
which is explained by the different feeding techniques of
bush-crickets from different habitats. We propose possible
scenarios for bush-cricket feeding adaptations to the
deleterious effects of the host plant chemical compounds
serving as a plant defence against herbivores.
Manifolds with nef anticanonical bundle
Authors: Cao Junyan , Höring Andreas
Published: September 2014

Let X be a compact Kähler manifold such that the anticanonical bundle

-

K
X

$-K_{X}$

is nef.
A classical conjecture claims that the Albanese map

X
→
T

$X\to T$

is submersive.
We prove this conjecture if the general fibre is a weak Fano manifold. If X is projective
we prove the conjecture also for fibres of dimension at most two.
The Cultural Semantics of Yoruba Drum Poetry
Authors: Sesan Azeez Akinwumi
Published: September 2014

The inevitable incursion of modernity and technology in post-colonial African Yoruba societies is rendering the nobility and royalty attached to drum poetry among the ancient Yoruba people irrelevant, as understanding the meaning of drum poetry marks the nobility and royal inclination of the decipherer. This article reviews previous studies on drum poetry/literature with participant observation/field investigation used in the collection of data. It taxonomizes drum poetry into sacred and secular. It also draws comparisons to and finds similarities with how humans and drums communicate. This paper arrives at the conclusion that tone and tonal marks within situational contexts are the hallmarks of the semantic interpretation of drum poetry
Expanding Umwelt Theory
Authors: Kruis Jamie
Published: September 2014

I present a response to T. v. Uexküll’s attempt to complement J. v. Uexküll’s theories by incorporating concepts from structural linguistics. I more closely compare structural linguistics and J. v. Uexküll’s theories, noting significant differences unmentioned by T. v. Uexküll, leading to the claim that J. v. Uexküll’s theories need further development in relation to cognitive learning. I suggest that learning has a higher status and different conceptualization in a bio- or eco-semiotic approach than it does in structural linguistics. Bateson’s concepts of proto- and deutero-learning are found to be complementary to Jakob von Uexküll’s theory at the intra-specific level, while Hoffmeyer’s notions of semethic interaction and semiotic freedom are useful to describe interspecific relations and semiotic capacities of organisms.
Property Rights, Future Generations and the Destruction and Degradation of Natural Resources
Authors: Dennis Dan
Published: September 2014

The paper argues that members of future generations have an entitlement to natural resources equal to ours. Therefore, if a currently living individual destroys or degrades natural resources then he must pay compensation to members of future generations. This compensation takes the form of “primary goods” (in roughly Rawls’ sense) which will be valued by members of future generations as equally useful for promoting the good life as the natural resources they have been deprived of. As a result of this policy, each generation inherits a “Commonwealth” of natural resources plus compensation (plus, perhaps, other things donated to the Commonwealth). It is this inherited “Commonwealth” which members of that generation must then pass on to members of the next generation.

Once this picture is accepted, the standard bundle of property rights is problematic, for it takes the owner of a constituent of the Commonwealth (e.g. that gallon of oil) to have the right to “waste, destroy or modify” that item at will. This paper therefore presents a revised set of property rights which takes seriously the idea that each generation has an equal claim on the resources that nature has bequeathed us, whilst allowing certain effects on those natural resources by each generation, and a degree of exclusive use of those natural resources owned by an individual.
Radiochemical synthesis and biological evaluation of
3-[4-(4-[18F]fluorobenzyl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine
as dopamine D4 receptor radioligand
Authors: Gu-Cai Li , Ru Zhang , Kai-Jun Jiang , Bo Chen
Published: September 2014

A potential dopamine D4 receptor radioligand,
3-[4-(4-[18F]fluorobenzyl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine was synthesized through a one-pot two-step
procedure with total yield 18.5% (decay corrected). The molar
radioactivity was
115 GBq/μmol
and the
radiochemical purity was greater than 95.5%. Its affinity and selectivity for dopamine D2-like receptors were
measured through in vitro receptor binding experiments and the K

i
for D4 receptor was determined to be
17 ± 0.5 nM. The partition coefficient (Log P) of it was determined to be 2.80 ± 0.10 through octanol
experiment. The in vivo biodistribution of it in rat brain exposed that the radioligand penetrates through
blood-brain- barrier (BBB) and may specifically bind to dopamine D4 receptor. The results indicated that the radioligand
shows promise for the in vivo study of dopamine D4 receptor.
Plutonium sorption to nanocast mesoporous carbon
Authors: Parsons-Moss Tashi , Tüysüz Harun , Wang Deborah , Jones Stephen , Olive Daniel , Nitsche Heino
Published: September 2014

Nanocast ordered mesoporous carbons are attractive as sorbents because of their extremely high surface areas and large pore
volumes. This paper compares Pu uptake, added as Pu(VI), to both untreated and chemically oxidized CMK-(carbon molecular sieves
from KAIST) type mesoporous carbon with that to a commercial amorphous activated carbon. The CMK was synthesized via
nanocasting by using cubic ordered mesoporous silica KIT-6 as a hard template, and characterized by scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nitrogen
adsorption. A portion of the CMK was oxidized by treatment with nitric acid, and will be called OX CMK. The three carbon
powders have similar particle morphology, and high BET surface areas. The activated carbon is disordered, while the CMK
materials show large domains of ordered cubic mesostructure. The CMK material seems to have more oxygen-containing functional
groups than the activated carbon, and the oxidation of the CMK increased the density of these groups, especially –COOH, thus
lowering the point of zero charge (PZC) of the material. Batch studies of all 3 materials with plutonium solutions, in
a 0.1 M NaClO4 matrix were performed to investigate pH dependence, sorption kinetics, Pu uptake capacities,
competition with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in solution, and Pu desorption. Both CMK materials demonstrated high Pu
sorption from solutions of pH 3 or greater, and the oxidized CMK also showed high sorption from pH 2 solutions. The activated
carbon bound less Pu, and at a much slower rate than CMK. All other batch experiments were carried out in pH 4 solutions. The
Pu uptake from low-concentration solutions was faster for the oxidized CMK than for untreated CMK, but in more concentrated
samples
(∼250 μM Pu),
the Pu uptake kinetics and apparent capacity were the same for oxidized and
untreated CMK. The 23-h Pu uptake capacity of the CMK materials was measured to be at least 58 ± 5 mg
239Pu per g CMK carbon, compared to 12 ± 5 mg 239Pu per g activated carbon. The presence of
EDTA in solution decreased the Pu sorption to CMK. Desorption from all samples occurred in 1 M HClO4,
usually within 24 h. The Pu interaction with the carbon surface was also probed via X-ray absorption
spectroscopy (XAS) on the Pu L
III absorption edge. Spectral fits of the X-ray absorption near-edge structure
(XANES) data collected on both types of CMK samples showed that Pu(VI) was reduced to Pu(IV) at the carbon surface. The high
affinity of mesoporous carbon for Pu, and the spontaneous reduction of Pu(VI) or Pu(V) to Pu(IV) at these carbon surfaces could
be valuable for a variety of applications.
Refinement of the crystal structure of trimercury(II) orthoborate, Hg3(BO3)2
Authors: Weil M.
Published: September 2014

B2Hg3O6, trigonal, R3c (No. 167), a = 8.8936(9) Å, c = 13.052(3) Å, V = 894.1 Å3, Z = 6, Rgt(F) = 0.021, wRref(F2) = 0.053, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of hexamethanolo-iron diiodide, Fe(HOCH3)6I2
Authors: Harms Klaus , Biesemeier Frank , Müller Ulrich
Published: September 2014

C6H24FeI2O6, trigonal, P3(No. 147), a = 8.2947(8)Å, c = 7.0884(6)Å, V = 422.4Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.023, wRref(F2) = 0.065, T = 193 K.