bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRUKTUR GEOLOGI TELUK BONE - SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Rahardiawan Riza , Arifin Lukman
Published: October 2018

Morfologi dasar laut di daerah penelitian agak curam dan bergelombang, terdapat pada kedalaman laut antara 50 sampai 2000 meter. Pembentukan morfologi dasar laut ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh adanya gejala sesar-sesar aktif. Dari interpretasi runtunan seismik terlihat jelas adanya struktur- struktur geologi berupa sesar dan pelipatan. Adanya bentuk struktur bunga (flower structure) menunjukkan bahwa gejala tektonik aktif dari sesar Palu- Koro, Kolaka, Matano, Lawanopo masih berlangsung sampai sekarang. Keberadaan sesar-sesar aktif ini perlu diwaspadai karena dapat menimbulkan gempa diseluruh Teluk Bone.

Kata kunci: sesar aktif, struktur bunga, sesar Palu-Koro

Morphology of study area shows a steep and a slighty wavy seabed with the depths between 50 to 2000 meters. The formation of this morphology is strongly influenced by the presence of active faults. Seismic sequence interpretation shows the geological structures such as faults and folds. The present of the flower structure suggest that tectonically active faults such as Palu-Koro, Kolaka, Matano, Lawanopo are under going until now. The present of these active faults need to be considered as it can generate the earthquake in the Bone Gulf.

Keywords: active fault, flower structure, Palu-Koro fault
KEBERADAAN SESAR DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PEMBENTUKAN GUNUNG BAWAH LAUT DI BUSUR BELAKANG PERAIRAN KOMBA, NUSA TENGGARA
Authors: Sarmili Lili , Troa Rainer Arief
Published: October 2018

Lokasi penelitian terletak di busur belakang perairan timurlaut pulau Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Di daerah ini terdapat gunung api Komba (Batutara) yang masih aktif yang letaknya agak ke utara dari jajaran gunung api aktif yang berada di sepanjang pulau-pulau Jawa, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Pantar dan lainnya. Ke arah tenggara dari gunung api Komba ini ditemukan beberapa gunung bawahlaut. Gunung bawahlaut tersebut adalah Baruna, Abang dan Ibu Komba. Gunung bawah laut ini telah dipetakan dengan batimetri multibeam mulai dari tahun 2003 hingga tahun 2013 dan pada tahun 2010 dilengkapi dengan seismik refleksi. Berdasarkan kerangka tektonik, gunung bawah laut ini terletak di cekungan busur belakang dan sekitar 200 sampai 300 km dalamnya dari bidang penunjaman. Munculnya gunung bawah laut ini diduga disebabkan oleh sistim sesar yang dalam yang berarah barat laut â€“ tenggara. Data seismik juga mengindikasikan bahwa gunung bawah laut tersebut terpotong oleh sesar yang lebih muda yang berarah timurlaut-baratdaya. Akibat dari sesar yang berarah barat daya â€“ timur laut ini juga merubah arah dari sesar naik busur belakang yang umumnya berarah barat-timur.

Kata Kunci : gunung bawah laut Baruna, Abang dan Ibu Komba, cekungan busur belakang, sesar-sesar dalam, Flores timur laut Nusa Tenggara Timur.

The study area is located on the back arc basin of northeast Flores island, East Nusa Tenggara. The area that is an active volcano of Batutara (Komba) situated. The Komba volcano is located far to the north of normal volcanoes belt of Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Pantar, and others. To southeast of the Komba volcano, we found three submarine ridges. They are Baruna, Abang and Ibu Komba. These submarine ridges were mapped by multi beam bathymetry since 2003 and 2013 and at 2010 was completed by single and multi channel seismic reflection. According to their tectonic setting these ridges belong to the back arc basin and they are about 200 â€“ 300 km depth of to the subduction slab. We interpret from the data of seismic reflection, these ridges are formed by a deeply NW-SE fault. Data from the seismic profiles also indicate that all the submarine ridges are cut by younger SW-NE faults. Inconsequently, the NE-SW faults have changed the direction of back arc thrusts those are normally E-W in direction.

Keywords : Baruna, Abang and Ibu Komba submarine ridge, back arc basin, deep faults, North East Flores
PENGARUH PENGANGKATAN DAN PERUBAHAN POLA SEDIMENTASI TERHADAP SEBARAN PASIR BESI DI PESISIR DAN PERAIRAN PANTAI BAGIAN BARAT PULAU TALAUD SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Kurnio Hananto , Mustafa Moch. Akrom , Kamiludin Udaya
Published: October 2018

Hasil penelitian sumber daya pasir besi di pesisir barat Pulau Talaud, menyimpulkan bahwa sebarannya sebagian dikontrol oleh proses tektonik aktif yang berlangsung sekarang berupa pengangkatan yang mengakibatkan perubahan pola sedimentasi. Proses tektonik ini mengakibatkan terangkatnya bagian barat Pulau Talaud, yang ditunjukkan oleh terdapatnya terumbu-terumbu karang yang mati. Peristiwa ini berhubungan dengan gempabumi di laut sebelah barat pulau yang terjadi pada tahun 2009 dengan magnitude 7,2 sekala Richter, kedalaman episenter kurang dari 35 kilometer. Proses pengangkatan ini, sekitar 1 meter berdasarkan informasi penduduk setempat, mengakibatkan terjadinya fenomena re-distribusi endapan pasir besi. Pasir besi di pesisir tersebar ke arah laut membentuk dangkalan-dangkalan (shoals), yang tampak jelas pada saat air laut surut. Kata kunci pengangkatan, perubahan pola sedimentasi, pasir besi, Perairan Pulau Talaud Results of research on iron sand resource in coastal zone of Talaud Island concluded that its distribution is partly controlled by active tectonic process which took the form of uplifting and changing of sedimentation pattern. This tectonic process was causing uplifting of western side of Talaud Island, which is shown by mortality of coral reefs. This event was related to a 2009's earthquake of 7.2 Richter scale which was located at the sea west of the island, epicenter depth less than 35 kilometers. The uplifting process, approximately 1 meter based on local residence information, generates phenomenon of redistribution of iron sand deposit. The iron sand is distributed toward sea forming shoals, which is clearly could be seen during low tide. Keywords: uplift, sedimentation pattern change, iron sand, Talaud Island Waters
PROSPEK SUMBER DAYA ENERGI BERDASARKAN ANALISIS POLA ANOMALI GAYA BERAT DI DAERAH BIAK DAN SEKITARNYA, PAPUA
Authors: Panjaitan Saultan , Subagio Subagio
Published: October 2018

Hasil penelitian gayaberat di Pulau Biak menghasilkan anomali gayaberat yang dikelompokkan kedalam 2 (dua) satuan yaitu anomali gayaberat 50 mGal hingga 120 mGal membentuk rendahan anomali mencerminkan cekungan. Kelompok anomali gayaberat 120 mGal hingga 220 mGal membentuk tinggian anomali. Pola tinggian anomali sisa 0 mGal hingga 2 mGal diduga sebagai perangkap struktur migas yang terdapat di daerah Kota Biak utara, Mandon dan lepas pantai timur P. Pai. Batuan bertahanan jenis rendah antara 0 - 16 Ohm-meter yang mengindikasikan batuan reservoir jenuh fluida terbentuk di kedalaman 2500 meter. Kedalaman batuan dasar terbentuk antara 7000-8500 meter, dengan rapat massa batuan 2.9 - 3.1 gr/cm3 bertahanan jenis tinggi 1000-8200 Ohm-meter diduga sebagai cerminan dari batuan ultramafik kerak samudera. Batuan yang menyusun di daerah penelitian terdiri atas lapisan batuan Tersier dengan rapat massa 2.45 gr/cm3, batuan Pra-Tersier dengan rapat massa 2.75 gr/cm3 dan batuan dasar dengan rapat massa 3.1 gr/cm3. Batuan sumber adalah serpih Formasi Makat berumur Miosen dengan rapat massa batuan 2.45 gr/cm3, sedangkan batuan reservoir terdiri dari batupasir Formasi Mamberamo. Kata kunci Gayaberat, cekungan, migas, anomali sisa, rapat massa, sesar, antiklin, batuan sumber, tahanan jenis. Gravity research on the island of Biak gravity anomalies are grouped into two (2) units is a gravity anomaly 50 mgal up to 120 mgal is basin reflecting. Gravity anomaly 120 mgal up to 220 mgal formed heights anaomaly. Altitude residual anomaly from 0 mGal to 2 mgal is oil and gas as trapping structures contained in the northern City of Biak, off the east coast Mandon and P. Pai. The rocks is of low resistivity between 0 -16 Ohm-meter that indicates the saturated fluid reservoir rocks are in the depths of 2500 meter. The depth of the bedrock formed between 7000-8500 meters, with density 2.9 - 3.1 gr / cm3 is heights resistivity types of 1000-8200 Ohm-meter interpreted as a reflection of ultramafic rocks oceanic crust. The rocks in the study area consists of Tertiary rocks layers with a density 2.45 gr / cm3, the Pre-Tertiary rocks with density 2.75 gr / cm3 and bedrock with density 3.1 gr / cm3. The source rocks is of shale from Makat Formation Miocene age with density 2.45 gr / cm3, and the reservoir rock consists of sandstone Mamberamo Formation. Keywords: Gravity, basin, oil and gas, recidual anomaly, density, fault, anticline, source rocks, resistivity.
POTENSI TENGGELAMNYA PULAU-PULAU KECIL TERLUAR WILAYAH NKRI
Authors: Prabowo Harkins Hendro , Salahudin Muhammad
Published: October 2018

Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) mempunyai 92 pulau-pulau kecil terluar.yang berpotensi tenggelam. Kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis secara genetik pulau-pulau ini terkait dengan sifat fisik batuan terhadap gempa bumi dan perubahan muka air laut. Keberadaan pulau kecil tersebut sebagai lokasi titik pangkal wilayah NKRI. Metode penelitian meliputi analisis spasial dengan cara menumpang susunkan informasi yang termuat dalam masing-masing peta. Jika skenario IPCC terjadi, bencana alam global dengan meningkatnya permukaan laut, maka pulau kecil terluar yang akan tenggelam paling banyak sekitar 83 pulau. Hasil analisis menunjukkan potensi gempa bumi akan berpengaruh terhadap hampir 55 pulau-pulau kecil terluar Indonesia.Kata kunci: genetik batuan, titik pangkal, pulau-pulau kecil terluar.The Republic of Indonesia has 92 outermost islands that potentially drowning. The purpose of study is to analyse these islands genetically in relation to rock properties to earthquake and sea level changes. The appearance of the islands as base points of Indonesian region. The methods of this study consist of spatial analyses by overlying information that noted in each map. If the IPCC scenario occurs, global natural hazard with increasing sea level, the outermost islands would be drown not more than 83 islands. The result shows that earthquake potentially will influence to mostly 55 outermost islands of Indonesia.Keywords: Rocks genetic, base point, outermost small islands.
FORAMINIFERA DI TELUK SEPI - BLONGAS, LOMBOK SELATAN, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Auliaherliaty Auliaherliaty , Dewi Kresna Tri , Priohandono Yusuf Adam
Published: October 2018

Dua puluh satu contoh sedimen dasar perairan Teluk Sepi - Blongas, Lombok Selatan, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat telah digunakan untuk studi foraminifera bentik dalam kaitannya dengan faktor lingkungan. Foraminifera bentik yang ditemukan di daerah penelitian sebanyak 133 spesies yang termasuk dalam 60 genera. Spesies yang mempunyai persentase tertinggi adalah Ammonia beccarii, kemudian diikuti oleh Ammonia sp., Elphidium crispum, Pattelina corrugata, Amphistegina lessonii, Amphistegina sp.1, Calcarina sp.1, Pyrgo lucernula dan Quinqueloculina seminulum. Calcarina dengan pengawetan cangkang yang baik merupakan genus penciri utama daerah penelitian. Genus ini terdiri dari 15 species dengan perkiraan 11 spesies diantaranya merupakan spesies baru dan diperlukan penelitian khusus di masa yang akan datang. Foraminifera bentik tidak terdistribusikan secara merata di setiap lokasi pengambilan percontoh. Hal ini berkaitan dengan faktor lingkungan seperti jenis sedimen, pola arus, nutrisi dan kondisi lingkungan setempat seperti wilayah bakau dan budidaya mutiara.

Twenty-one seafloor sediment samples of the Sepi-Blongas Bay, South Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara Province, have been used for foraminiferal study in relation to environmental factors. A total of 133 foraminiferal species belongs to 60 genera have been found in the study area. The largest percentage species is Ammonia beccarii, followed by Ammonia sp., Elphidium crispum, Pattelina corrugata, Amphistegina lessonii, Amphistegina sp.1, Calcarina sp.1, Pyrgo lucernula and Quinqueloculina seminulum. Calcarina, which is preserved in good condition, is a main genus dominated the study area. This genus comprises 15 species, in which 11 among them, are probably new and it needs particular research in the future. The benthic foraminifera in this study area are not distributed widely at every sample location. This depends on the ecological factors: sediment types, current pattern, nutrients and local environmental conditions such as mangrove area and pearl cultivation area.
FORAMINIFERA DI PERAIRAN SEKITAR BAKAUHENI, LAMPUNG (SELAT SUNDA BAGIAN UTARA)
Authors: Gustiantini Luli , Dewi Kresna Tri , Usman Ediar
Published: October 2018

Penelitian foraminifera bentik dari 15 percontoh sedimen dasar laut di bagian utara Selat Sunda, Perairan Bakauheni, Lampung telah dilakukan secara kuantitatif. Keterdapatan foraminifera bentik di daerah penelitian sangat melimpah dan bervariasi yaitu terdiri dari 142 spesies (65 genera) yang diidentifikasi dari 7.799 spesimen. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa kelimpahan dan komposisi spesies foraminifera di bagian timur (sekitar Bakauheni) cenderung lebih tinggi (rata-rata 6,24%) dibandingkan dengan bagian barat (rata-rata 4,7%) daerah penelitian. Hal ini kemungkinan dapat dikaitkan dengan arah pergerakan arus dasar laut yang bekerja di daerah penelitian. Keanekaragaman foraminifera bentik tertinggi terdapat pada titik lokasi BHL-36 yang terletak di bagian barat daerah penelitian dan terdiri dari 104 spesies. Kelimpahan tertinggi (10,07%) terdapat pada titik lokasi BHL-25 yang terletak tidak jauh dari Pelabuhan Bakauheni dan didominasi oleh spesies tertentu yang dapat bertahan hidup. Subordo Rotaliina merupakan kelompok utama di daerah penelitian yang dicirikan oleh genera Asterorotalia, Operculina, dan Elphidium. Benthic foraminifera from fifteen surface sediment samples in the northern part of Sunda Strait, Bakauheni Waters, Lampung have been analysed quantitatively. The occurrences of benthic foraminifera in the study area are very abundance and varied, it comprises of 142 species (65 genera), which is identified from 7,799 specimens. Based on this research, it is resulted that the abundance and diversity of foraminifera in the east (around Bakauheni) are higher (average of 6.24%) than in the west (average of 4,7%) of the study area. It may relate to bottom current pattern that work in the study area. The highest diversity of benthic foraminifera occurs at site BHL-36, which lies in west part of the study area and it comprises of 104 species. The highest number of individu (10.07%) occurs at the site of BHL-25, which is close to Bakauheni Harbour and it is dominated by certain survived species. Subordo Rotaliina is the main group found in the study area that is characterized by genera of Asterorotalia, Operculina, and Elphidium.
SEDIMENTOLOGI DAN STRATIGRAFI HOLOSEN DATARAN PANTAI MEDAN - BELAWAN SEKITARNYA, SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Moechtar Herman , Mulyana Herman , Pratomo Indyo
Published: October 2018

Studi sedimentologi dan stratigrafi endapan Kuarter di dataran pantai Medan â€“ Belawan dibedakan menjadi enam lingkungan pengendapan. Yaitu endapan-endapan rawa, laut, pantai, rawa bakau, dataran banjir, dan alur sungai. Berdasarkan korelasi perubahan lingkungan pengendapan secara lateral dan vertikal, rangkaian sedimen Kuarter tersebut dapat dibedakan menjadi empat Interval Pengendapan (I â€“ IV). Setiap interval dicirikan oleh berubahnya lingkungan yang dikontrol oleh perubahan iklim dan muka laut Holosenl. Perkembangan dari endapan Kuarter dan pengisisan cekungan cekungan di daerah dataran pantai Medan â€“ Belawan dipengaruhi oleh peristiwa global. Perubahan dari sirkulasi iklim dan turun naiknya muka laut selama proses pengendapan berlangsung adalah berkaitan dengan perisitiwa global tanpa dipengaruhi oleh efek tektonik. Studi yang dilakukan mencakup analisis sedimentologi dan stratigrafi terhadap empat belas pemboran yang dilakukan di sepanjang lintasan yang berarah utara â€“ selatan dari Medan hingga Belawan. Kedalaman pemboran berkisar antara 5,0 hingga 15,0 m.Kata Kunci: Sedimentologi dan stratigrafi, Holosen, dataran pantai Studies of sedimentology and Stratigrafi on Quaternary deposits in the coastal plain of Medanâ€“ Belawan surroundings, North Sumatera revealed six depositional environments. These are swamp, marine, beach, marsh, floodplain, and channel deposit environments. Based on the correlation of the lateral and vertical variation of the depositional environment, whereas the successsion of the Quaternary sediments can be divided into four sedimentary intervals (I â€“ IV). Each interval is typically for environment changes which is controlled by sea level and climatic especially during Holosen. The development of the Quaternary sediments and basin fill in the coastal plain of Medan to Belawan area was influenced by global events. Changes in climatological and relative sea level during during depostional processes were included clobal changes without influenced by tectonic. The study was based on analyses of sedimentology and stratigraphy of fourteen borehole information obtained along the North to South traverse from Medan to Belawan. The penentration of the bore head varied from 5.0 to 15.0 m. Keywords: Sedimentology and stratigraphy, Holosen, coastal plain
KARAKTER ENDAPAN KUARTER DI LEPAS PANTAI TEPIAN CEKUNGAN SUMATERA TENGAH - P. KUNDUR
Authors: Hidayat Suyatman , Pratomo Indyo
Published: October 2018

Studi yang dilakukan pada karakter endapan Kuarter di lepas pantai tepian cekungan Sumatera Tengah-P. Kundur mencakup analisis sedimentologi dan stratigrafi terhadap lima belas hasil pemboran yang dilakukan di sepanjang lintasan yang berarah barat - timur di baratlaut P. Kundur. Kedalaman pemboran berkisar antara 8,00 hingga 27,00 m. Studi ini, menunjukkan terdapatnya enam lingkungan pengendapan. Keenam lingkungan pengendapan itu ialah: endapan-endapan material rombakan (Mr), alur sungai (F), limpah banjir (Fp), cekungan banjir (Fb), pantai (Br), dan dekat pantai sampai lepas pantai.
Berdasarkan korelasi perubahan lingkungan pengendapan secara lateral dan vertikal, diketahui pula bahwa runtunan stratigrafi tersebut dicirikan oleh berubahnya lingkungan pengendapan yang dikendalikan oleh perubahan iklim dan muka laut, dan mungkin juga oleh tektonik. Selama proses pengendapan, aktifitas perubahan iklim terekam dalam 4 fasa kejadian ialah: (1) minimum, (2)minimum menuju maksimum, (3)maksimum menuju minimum, dan (4)minimum.

Kata kunci: Endapan Kuarter, iklim, muka-laut, tektonik

The study of the Quaternary sediment characters on offshore of the Central Sumatera basin margin-Kundur Island was based on the analyses of sedimentology of fiveteen boreholes information obtained along the West to East at the northwest of Kundur Island. The penetration of the bore head varied from 8.00 to 27.00 m. This study revealed six deposition environments. These are: mass flow (Mr), river channel (F), floodplain (Fp), floodbasin (Fb), beach (Br), and nearshore to offshore (M) deposits .
Based on the correlation of the lateral and vertical variation of the depositional environments, the stratigraphy successions/characterized by the variation of the depositional environments which is controlled by climatic and sea level changes, and also probably by tectonic. During the deposition processes, the activity of climatic changes were recorded in four stages episodes: (1)minimum, (2)minimum to optimum, (3)optimum to minimum, and (4)minimum.

Keywords: Quaternary sediments, climate, sea-level, tectonic
STRUKTUR GEOLOGI DI PERAIRAN PASANG KAYU, SULAWESI BARAT
Authors: Hanafi Mustafa , Arifin Lukman
Published: October 2018

Daerah penelitian dicirikan oleh morfologi dasar laut yang terjal dan bergelombang dengan kedalaman bervariasi dari 40 meter di bagian timur hingga 2150 meter di bagian utara.
Berdasarkan data rekaman seismik pantul dapat diidentifikasi adanya struktur geologi berupa sesar, lipatan, dan diapir. Kenampakan struktur-struktur tersebut ditandai dengan adanya lapisan yang patah, bergelombang, dan bentuk kubah. Sesar umumnya berarah timurlaut-baratdaya, dimana perkembangannya diduga sangat dipengaruhi tektonik regional terutama sesar utama Palu-Koro yang ada di daratan Pulau Sulawesi dan menerus ke laut sekitar lokasi penelitian.

Kata kunci: morfologi, struktur geologi, sesar Palu-Koro, Pasangkayu

The study area is characterized by the steep sea floor morphology with the depth from 40 metres in the east to 2150 metres in the north. On the basis of reflection seismic records, the geological structures such as faults, folds, and diapirs can be recognized. The appearance of such structures is signed by the faulted, wavy and domed layers. The faults in general have NE â€“SW direction, where it development possibly influenced by the regional Palu-Koro Fault present in Sulawesi island that continue to the study area.

Keywords: morphology, geological structures, Palu â€“Koro Fault, Pasangkayu
KAJIAN IDENTIFIKASI INFRASTRUKTUR JARINGAN PIPA MIGAS BAWAH LAUT DI PERAIRAN SEBELAH UTARA PROVINSI BANTEN
Authors: Rachmat Beben , Purwanto Catur , Raharjo Purnomo
Published: October 2018

Keberadaan fasilitas infrastruktur pipa migas bawah laut di perairan utara Banten berkembang cukup pesat seiring dengan berkembangnya kegiatan industri yang berada di kawasan Propinsi Banten, DKI Jakarta dan Jawa Barat. Mengingat kondisi lingkungan di sekitar perairan utara Banten cukup komplek, seperti adanya jalur sesar/patahan, seismisitas kegempaan yang cukup aktif, morfologi dasar laut yang tidak rata, keberadaan jaringan kabel bawah laut, kondisi hidrooseanografi yang cukup dinamis, kegiatan pelayaran yang sangat padat dan adanya kegiatan nelayan, menyebabkan potensi resiko untuk terjadinya kegagalan struktur pada jaringan pipa yang digelar di perairan utara Banten cukup besar. Potensi resiko lainnya adalah terkait dengan penggelaran pipa yang tidak sesuai dengan aturan standar dan aturan perundangan yang berlaku. Pipa-pipa ini perlu ditertibkan karena posisi pipa-pipa ini sangat rawan untuk terjadinya kegagalan struktur. Beberapa potensi kegagalan struktur pada pipa migas bawah laut di perairan ini yang mungkin terjadi diantaranya adalah pipa tertimpa jangkar kapal, terseret jangkar kapal, terjadi bentang bebas (freespan), kegagalan akibat lelah (patigue) terjadi pembengkokan (buckling) dan terjadi pergeseran posisi pipa baik lateral maupun vertikal. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukannya pengawasan terhadap keberadaan pipa migas bawah laut ini yang sesuai dengan aturan standar dan aturan perundangan yang berlaku.

Kata kunci : jaringan, pipa, infrastruktur, aturan, penggelaran

The existence of gas pipeline on the sea bottom in the waters north of Banten has been developped rapidly in the course of the development activities located in the Provinces of Banten, Jakarta and West Java. The environmental conditions in waters arround the northen Jakarta are quite complex, such as the presence of fault zone, active seismicity, the morphology of the seabed is not flat, existence of submarine cable network, hydro-oceanography dynamic, highly dense shipping activity and the presence of fishing activity. These will cause the high potential risk for the occurence of structural failure in the pipeline that was held in the waters north of Banten. Another potential risk is associated with the pipeline deployment that is not in accordance with standard rules and regulations. These pipes need to be organized the right position because they are very prone to the structural failure. Some of the potential failure of the structure on oil and gas pipelines under the sea that may occur include crushed pipe anchor, dragged anchors, free spans, failure due to fatique occurred by bending and shifting in the position of the pipes either laterally or vertically. Therefore it is necessary for controlling the existence of oil and gas pipelines under the sea in accordance with standard rules and regulations.

Keywords: networks, pipelines, infrastructure, rules, deploying
AKUMULASI TAILING DASAR LAUT DI PERAIRAN TELUK SENUNU DAN SEKITARNYA, SUMBAWA BARAT
Authors: Noviadi Yogi , Astjario Prijantono
Published: October 2018

Teluk Senunu terletak di pantai selatan Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Daerah ini merupakan kawasan pembuangan tailing dari PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara (NNT). Hasil pemeruman di lokasi penyelidikan di sekitar alur pipa tailing memperlihatkan kedalaman dasar laut di sekitar Teluk Senunu bervariasi, pada kedalaman 0 sampai dengan 100 meter dijumpai pada jarak sekitar 3 - 3,25 km dari garis pantai. Keberadaan pipa tailing terluar berada pada kedalaman sekitar 120 meter dari permukaan dasar laut, dan posisi penempatan tailing ini terletak di kawasan Ngarai dengan kedalaman lebih dari 125 meter. Berdasarkan hasil penafsiran data Side Scan Sonar dijumpai adanya 3 jalur pipa tailing yang berada di permukaan dasar laut dengan penyebaran tailing secara lateral melebar sepanjang 1,5 km sejajar dengan tebing Ngarai Senunu.

Kata kunci : tailing, Teluk Senunu, Rekaman Seismik, Side scan sonar

Senunu bay is located on the southern coast of West Sumbawa Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. This area is a tailings disposal area of the ??PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara (NNT). Results of sounding around the tailing pipe shows the depth of the seafloor around the Senunu bay vary, at a depth of 0 to 100 meters was found at a distance of about 3 to 3.25 km from the coastline. The outer pipe of tailings located at a depth of 120 meters from the sealevel, and tailings placement position is located in the gap with a depth of more than 125 meters. Based on the results of Side Scan Sonar data interpretation, the 3 pipelines of tailings on the sea floor with spread laterally along the 1.5 km wide parallel to the canyon cliffs of Senunu.

Key words : tailing, Teluk Senunu, Seismic Record, Side scan sonar
Preparing and Mounting Polymer Nanofibers onto Microscale Test Platforms
Authors: Shrestha Ramesh , Shen Sheng , P. de Boer Maarten
Published: October 2018

Because they can achieve a high degree of molecular chain alignment in comparison with their bulk counterparts, the mechanical and thermal properties of polymer nanofibers are of great interest. However, due to their nanometer-scale size, it is difficult to manipulate, grip, and test these fibers. Here, we demonstrate simple repeatable methods to transfer as-drawn fibers to micrometer-scale test platforms where their properties can be directly measured. Issues encountered and methods to minimize measurement artifacts are also discussed.
Methods for Protecting a Personal Computer and Data Acquisition Electronics Installed on Mobile Equipment
Authors: Pelletier Mathew G. , Wanjura John D. , Holt Greg A. , Funk Paul A.
Published: October 2018

Successful data acquisition on mobile platforms, such as tractors, requires the provision of protection for the sensitive electronics, as these platforms are inherently rife with electrical transients that have sufficient energy to cause damage to unprotected instrumentation. Unfortunately, though there are many protection options for industrial applications (i.e., those installed at 120VAC), off-the-shelf products for mobile protection are extremely limited and, after a survey, were determined to provide insufficient protection. The objective of this study was to identify the requirements for the protection of mobile platform instrumentation and equipment, and/or identify circuits that can perform this function. A literature review of electrical transients typical to automotive electronics was performed and circuit simulations were performed using open source software. Off-the-shelf circuit components were tested, via simulation, in various configurations until a design emerged that provided adequate protection from all surge classes. To ensure protection of valuable data, one of the design criteria was to ensure the circuit would continue to supply power to the personal computer (PC), and electronics, even during a load-dump event. The circuit was also designed to provide protection from electrical fast transients and electrostatic discharges. The reported circuit is capable of protecting a computer and data acquisition electronics installed on 12 VDC mobile equipment. This simple, inexpensive design meets Automotive Electronics Council requirements and uses readily available components without a specially fabricated circuit board.
Experimental Study of Advanced Helmholtz Resonator Liners with Increased Acoustic Performance by Utilising Material Damping Effects
Authors: Dannemann Martin , Kucher Michael , Kunze Eckart , Modler Niels , Knobloch Karsten , Enghardt Lars , Sarradj Ennes , Höschler Klaus
Published: October 2018

In aero engines, noise absorption is realised by acoustic liners, e.g., Helmholtz resonator (HR) liners, which often absorb sound only in a narrow frequency range. Due to developments of new engine generations, an improvement of overall acoustic damping performance and in particular more broadband noise absorption is required. In this paper, a new approach to increase the bandwidth of noise absorption for HR liners is presented. By replacing rigid cell walls in the liner’s honeycomb core structure by flexible polymer films, additional acoustic energy is dissipated. A manufacturing technology for square honeycomb cores with partially flexible walls is described. Samples with different flexible wall materials were fabricated and tested. The acoustic measurements show more broadband sound absorption compared to a reference liner with rigid walls due to acoustic-structural interaction. Manufacturing-related parameters are found to have a strong influence on the resulting vibration behaviour of the polymer films, and therefore on the acoustic performance. For future use, detailed investigations to ensure the liner segments compliance with technical, environmental, and life-cycle requirements are needed. However, the results of this study show the potential of this novel liner concept for noise reduction in future aero-engines.
Research on an Anthropomorphic Phantom for Evaluation of the Medical Device Electromagnetic Field Exposure SAR
Authors: Li Shu , Su Zengwen , Wang Hao , Wang Quan , Ren Haiping
Published: October 2018

A medical device will emit electromagnetic radiation to its surrounding environment either actively or passively. However, clinicians are unaware as to whether the ambient electromagnetic radiation will exceed the human body’s endurance capacity. In this paper, the mathematical model of electromagnetic parameters devoted to Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) testing of medical devices was established using a Debye Model. Body liquids featuring dielectric properties including the conductivity and permittivity of tissues at various body parts were simulated on the basis of results derived from the model. A simplified anthropomorphic phantom for the SAR test was founded on the basis of geometric parameters by following the principles of resemblance and consistent conductivity. A full-band electromagnetic mathematical model of brain, muscle, heart, lungs, stomach, and kidneys was set up. Electromagnetic radiation levels of a wearable Electrocardiograph monitoring device were measured and found that the maximum electric field intensity was up to 30 V/m, and the electromagnetic radiation SAR value was 0.96 W/kg, which were equivalent to the electromagnetic radiation exposure of the occupational group. The results established that electromagnetic radiation of certain medical devices exceeded the allowed values specified by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, further studies within the field of medicine are required to decide whether additional evaluation measures should be required.
A Fast Three-Dimensional Display Method for Time-Frequency Spectrogram Used in Embedded Fault Diagnosis Devices
Authors: Wang Lina , Wang Chengdong , Chen Yong
Published: October 2018

Time-frequency analysis is usually used to reveal the appearance of different frequency components varying with time, in signals, of which time-frequency spectrogram is an important visual tool to display the information. The Mesh Surface Generation (MSG) algorithm is widely used in three-dimensional (3D) modeling. Removing hidden lines from the mesh plot is an essential process that produces explicit depth information. In this paper, a fast and effective method has been proposed for a time-frequency Spectrogram Mesh Surface Generation (SMSG) display, especially, based on the painter’s algorithm. In addition, most portable fault diagnosis devices have little function to generate a 3D spectrogram, which generally needs a general computer to realize the complex time-frequency analysis algorithms and a 3D display. However, general computer is not portable and then not suitable for field test. Hence, the proposed SMSG algorithm is applied to an embedded fault diagnosis device, which is light, low-cost, and real-time. The experimental results show that this approach can realize a high degree of accuracy and save considerable time.
Activation Process of ONU in EPON/GPON/XG-PON/NG-PON2 Networks
Authors: Horvath Tomas , Munster Petr , Oujezsky Vaclav , Vojtech Josef
Published: October 2018

This article presents a numerical implementation of the activation process for gigabit and 10 gigabit next generation and Ethernet passive optical networks. The specifications are completely different because GPON, XG-PON and NG-PON2 were developed by the International Telecommunication Union, whereas Ethernet PON was developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The speed of an activation process is the most important in a blackout scenario because end optical units have a timer after expiration transmission parameters are discarded. Proper implementation of an activation process is crucial for eliminating inadvisable delay. An OLT chassis is dedicated to several GPON (or other standard) cards. Each card has up to eight or 16 GPON ports. Furthermore, one GPON port can operate with up to 64/128 ONUs. Our results indicate a shorter duration activation process (due to a shorter frame duration) in Ethernet-based PON, but the maximum split ratio is only 1:32 instead of up to 1:64/128 for gigabit PON and newer standards. An optimization improves the reduction time for the GPON activation process with current PLOAM messages and with no changes in the transmission convergence layer. We reduced the activation time from 215 ms to 145 ms for 64 ONUs.
EntangleNet: Theoretical Reestablishment of Entanglement in Quantum Networks †
Authors: Mina Mihai-Zicu , Popescu Pantelimon George
Published: October 2018

In the practical context of quantum networks, the most reliable method of transmitting quantum information is via teleportation because quantum states are highly sensitive. However, teleportation consumes a shared maximally entangled state. Two parties Alice and Bob located at separate nodes that wish to reestablish their shared entanglement will not send entangled qubits directly to achieve this goal, but rather employ a more efficient mechanism that ensures minimal time resources. In this paper, we present a quantum routing scheme that exploits entanglement swapping to reestablish consumed entanglement. It improves and generalizes previous work on the subject and reduces the entanglement distribution time by a factor of 4 k in an arbitrary scale quantum network, where N = 4 k - 1 is a required number of quantum nodes located between source and destination. In addition, k is the greatest positive integer considered by Alice or Bob, such that afterwards they choose N quantum switches.
The Characteristics of Intrinsic Fluorescence of Type I Collagen Influenced by Collagenase I
Authors: Shen Yiming , Zhu Deyi , Lu Wenhui , Liu Bing , Li Yanchun , Cao Shan
Published: October 2018

The triple helix structure of collagen can be degraded by collagenase. In this study, we explored how the intrinsic fluorescence of type I collagen was influenced by collagenase I. We found that tyrosine was the main factor that could successfully excite the collagen fluorescence. Initially, self-assembly behavior of collagen resulted in a large amount of tyrosine wrapped with collagen, which decreased the fluorescence intensity of type I collagen. After collagenase cleavage, some wrapped-tyrosine could be exposed and thereby the intrinsic fluorescence intensity of collagen increased. By observation and analysis, the influence of collagenase to intrinsic fluorescence of collagen was investigated and elaborated. Furthermore, collagenase cleavage to the special triple helix structure of collagen would result in a slight improvement of collagen thermostability, which was explained by the increasing amount of terminal peptides. These results are helpful and effective for reaction mechanism research related to collagen, which can be observed by fluorescent technology. Meantime, the reaction behaviors of both collagenase and collagenolytic proteases can also be analyzed by fluorescent technology. In conclusion, this research provides a foundation for the further investigation of collagen reactions in different areas, such as medicine, nutrition, food and agriculture.
Domestic Cat Sound Classification Using Learned Features from Deep Neural Nets
Authors: Pandeya Yagya Raj , Kim Dongwhoon , Lee Joonwhoan
Published: October 2018

The domestic cat (Feliscatus) is one of the most attractive pets in the world, and it generates mysterious kinds of sound according to its mood and situation. In this paper, we deal with the automatic classification of cat sounds using machine learning. Machine learning approach for the classification requires class labeled data, so our work starts with building a small dataset named CatSound across 10 categories. Along with the original dataset, we increase the amount of data with various audio data augmentation methods to help our classification task. In this study, we use two types of learned features from deep neural networks; one from a pre-trained convolutional neural net (CNN) on music data by transfer learning and the other from unsupervised convolutional deep belief network that is (CDBN) solely trained on a collected set of cat sounds. In addition to conventional GAP, we propose an effective pooling method called FDAP to explore a number of meaningful features. In FDAP, the frequency dimension is roughly divided and then the average pooling is applied in each division. For the classification, we exploited five different machine learning algorithms and an ensemble of them. We compare the classification performances with respect following factors: the amount of data increased by augmentation, the learned features from pre-trained CNN or unsupervised CDBN, conventional GAP or FDAP, and the machine learning algorithms used for the classification. As expected, the proposed FDAP features with larger amount of data increased by augmentation combined with the ensemble approach have produced the best accuracy. Moreover, both learned features from pre-trained CNN and unsupervised CDBN produce good results in the experiment. Therefore, with the combination of all those positive factors, we obtained the best result of 91.13% in accuracy, 0.91 in f1-score, and 0.995 in area under the curve (AUC) score.
The Street Air Warming Phenomenon in a High-Rise Compact City
Authors: Wang Xiaoxue , Li Yuguo , Yang Xinyan , Chan Pak Wai , Nichol Janet , Li Qinglan
Published: October 2018

The street thermal environment is important for thermal comfort, urban climate and pollutant dispersion. A 24-h vehicle traverse study was conducted over the Kowloon Peninsula of Hong Kong in summer, with each measurement period consisting of 2–3 full days. The data covered a total of 158 loops in 198 h along the route on sunny days. The measured data were averaged by three methods (direct average, FFT filter and interpolated by the piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation). The average street air temperatures were found to be 1–3 °C higher than those recorded at nearby fixed weather stations. The street warming phenomenon observed in the study has substantial implications as usually urban heat island (UHI) intensity is estimated from measurement at fixed weather stations, and therefore the UHI intensity in the built areas of the city may have been underestimated. This significant difference is of interest for studies on outdoor air temperature, thermal comfort, urban environment and pollutant dispersion. The differences were simulated by an improved one-dimensional temperature model (ZERO-CAT) using different urban morphology parameters. The model can correct the underestimation of street air temperature. Further sensitivity studies show that the building arrangement in the daytime and nighttime plays different roles for air temperature in the street. City designers can choose different parameters based on their purpose.
Development of a Regression Model for Estimating Daily Radiative Forcing Due to Atmospheric Aerosols from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometers (MODIS) Data in the Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP)
Authors: Shrestha Shreemat , Peel Murray , Moore Graham
Published: October 2018

The assessment of direct radiative forcing due to atmospheric aerosols (ADRF) in the Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP), which is a food basket of south Asia, is important for measuring the effect of atmospheric aerosols on the terrestrial ecosystem and for assessing the effect of aerosols on crop production in the region. Existing comprehensive analytical models to estimate ADRF require a large number of input parameters and high processing time. In this context, here, we develop a simple model to estimate daily ADRF at any location on the surface of the IGP through multiple regressions of AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) aerosol optical depth (AOD) and atmospheric water vapour using data from 2002 to 2015 at 10 stations in the IGP. The goodness of fit of the model is indicated by an adjusted R2 value of 0.834. The Jackknife method of deleting one group (station data) was employed to cross validate and study the stability of the regression model. It was found to be robust with an adjusted R2 fluctuating between 0.813 and 0.842. In order to use the year-round ADRF model for locations beyond the AERONET stations in the IGP, AOD, and atmospheric water vapour products from MODIS Aqua and Terra were compared against AERONET station data and they were found to be similar. Using MODIS Aqua and Terra products as input, the year-round ADRF regression was evaluated at the IGP AERONET stations and found to perform well with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.66 and 0.65, respectively. Using ADRF regression model with MODIS inputs allows for the estimation of ADRF across the IGP for assessing the aerosol impact on ecosystem and crop production.
DYRK1A Protein, A Promising Therapeutic Target to Improve Cognitive Deficits in Down Syndrome
Authors: Feki Anis , Hibaoui Youssef
Published: October 2018

Down syndrome (DS) caused by a trisomy of chromosome 21 (HSA21), is the most common genetic developmental disorder, with an incidence of 1 in 800 live births. Its phenotypic characteristics include intellectual impairment, early onset of Alzheimer’s disease, congenital heart disease, hypotonia, muscle weakness and several other developmental abnormalities, for the majority of which the pathogenetic mechanisms remain unknown. Among the numerous protein coding genes of HSA21, dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) encodes a proline-directed serine/threonine and tyrosine kinase that plays pleiotropic roles in neurodevelopment in both physiological and pathological conditions. Numerous studies point to a crucial role of DYRK1A protein for brain defects in patients with DS. Thus, DYRK1A inhibition has shown benefits in several mouse models of DS, including improvement of cognitive behaviour. Lastly, a recent clinical trial has shown that epigallocatechine gallate (EGCG), a DYRK1A inhibitor, given to young patients with DS improved visual recognition memory, working memory performance and adaptive behaviour.
Ambition Levels of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) Definitions: An Approach for Cross-Country Comparison
Authors: Garcia Juan Fernando , Kranzl Lukas
Published: October 2018

Since buildings account for 40% of total energy consumption and 36% of CO2 emissions in the European Union (EU), the directive 2010/31/EU “Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPDB)” among other legal provisions concerning the reduction of energy consumption of buildings has been enforced. According to this legislation, all new buildings must be nearly zero energy buildings “nZEB” by 31 December 2020 (public buildings by 31 December 2018). Nonetheless, the assessment of the “high energy performance” of a building is ambiguous and a cross country comparison seems to be intricate since different national building codes and nZEB definitions employ different energy indicators and methods. This paper delves into the question of how do the ambition levels of “nZEB” definitions and the transposition of the Directive 2010/31/EU into national law differ in four selected EU Countries: Austria, Germany, Spain, and England (as part of UK). The energy performance of some exemplary buildings is assessed by means of a simplified MATLAB model that is based on the norm DIN V-18599. The results drawn from this work show how diverse are building codes scopes and national “nZEB” definitions. Only 9 of the 36 studied cases of residential buildings obtain consistently the “nZEB” compliance status in all four selected countries. The results show that climate conditions, energy requirements, primary energy factors, ambition levels, and calculation methodologies lead to the problem of an uneven cross-country comparison. Moreover, primary energy consumption [kWh/m2a] set as the main quantitative energy indicator by the directive 2010/31/EU might not be the most suitable one for an EU level comparison.
Risk Factors for Severe Diarrhea with an Afatinib Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Clinical Trials
Authors: Hopkins Ashley M. , Nguyen Anh-Minh , Karapetis Christos S. , Rowland Andrew , Sorich Michael J.
Published: October 2018

Afatinib is an effective therapy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but it is associated with a relatively high incidence of severe diarrhea. The association between pre-treatment candidate predictors (age, sex, race, performance status, renal function, hemoglobin, and measures of body mass) and severe (grade ≥ 3) diarrhea was evaluated using logistic regression with pooled individual participant data from seven clinical studies. A risk score was developed based on the count of major risk factors. Overall, 184 of 1151 participants (16%) experienced severe diarrhea with use of afatinib. Body weight, body mass index, and body surface area all exhibited a prominent non-linear association where risk increased markedly at the lower range (p < 0.005). Low weight (<45 kg), female sex, and older age (≥60 years) were identified as major independent risk factors (p < 0.01). Each risk factor was associated with a two-fold increase in the odds of severe diarrhea, and this was consistent between individuals commenced on 40 mg or 50 mg afatinib. A simple risk score based on the count of these risk factors identifies individuals at lowest and highest risk (C-statistic of 0.65). Risk of severe diarrhea for individuals commenced on 40 mg afatinib ranged from 6% for individuals with no risk factors to 33% for individuals with all three risk factors.