bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visible 532 nm laser irradiation of human adipose tissue‐derived stem cells: Effect on proliferation rates, mitochondria membrane potential and autofluorescence
Authors: Anwer Ayad G. , Gosnell Martin E. , Perinchery Sandeep M. , Inglis David W. , Goldys Ewa M.
Published: October 2012

Background and Objective

The photobiological effect of laser light on cells and tissues originates from light absorption by endogenous chromophores and hence it depends on the wavelength of light source and cell type. Earlier studies regarding the biostimulation effects of green laser light investigated a wide variety of cells but not adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (ADSCS). In this study we reported thein vitroeffect of 532‐nm Nd:YAG laser on proliferation, mitochondrial activity of these mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the autofluorescence emission at wavelengths associated with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavoproteins.

Materials and Methods

ADSCS were exposed to 532 nm second harmonic generation laser light at moderate power density (0.153 W/cm2) for periods of 30, 45, 60, 180, and 300 seconds. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using JC1 stain and confocal laser scanning microscopy, cell proliferation rates, and cellular autofluorescence emission at 450 and 540 nm wavelengths were measured using micro plate spectrofluorometer 48 hours after irradiation.

Results

Shorter (30–60 seconds) exposure times led to significantly increased proliferation, attributed to increased mitochondrial activity (P < 0.05). At longer exposures we observed a significant decrease in proliferation and autofluorescence (P < 0.05). Strong correlation was observed between proliferation rates of cells and autofluorescence intensity.

Conclusion

Our results show that autofluorescence of the respiratory chain components and key autofluorescent metabolites offers a non‐invasive method to quantify cellular response to laser irradiation. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 769–778, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlling the Actuation Rate of Low‐Density Shape‐Memory Polymer Foams in Water
Authors: Singhal Pooja , Boyle Anthony , Brooks Marilyn L. , Infanger Stephen , Letts Steve , Small Ward , Maitland Duncan J. , Wilson Thomas S.
Published: October 2012

SMPs have been shown to actuate below their dry glass transition temperatures in the presence of moisture due to plasticization. This behavior has been proposed as a self‐actuating mechanism of SMPs in water/physiological media. However, control over the SMP actuation rate, a critical factor for in vivo transcatheter device delivery applications, has not been previously reported. Here, a series of polyurethane SMPs with systematically varied hydrophobicity is described that permits control of the time for their complete shape recovery in water from under 2 min to more than 24 h. This control over the SMP actuation rate can potentially provide significant improvement in their delivery under conditions, which may expose them to high‐moisture environments prior to actuation.

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Comparison of exponential‐logarithmic and logarithmic‐exponential series
Authors: Kuhlmann Salma , Tressl Marcus
Published: October 2012

We explain how the field of logarithmic‐exponential series constructed in 20 and 21 embeds as an exponential field in any field of exponential‐logarithmic series constructed in 9, 6, and 13. On the other hand, we explain why no field of exponential‐logarithmic series embeds in the field of logarithmic‐exponential series. This clarifies why the two constructions are intrinsically different, in the sense that they produce non‐isomorphic models of Th\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$(\mathbb {R}_{\mbox{an, exp}})$\end{document}; the elementary theory of the ordered field of real numbers, with the exponential function and restricted analytic functions.
The Kripke schema in metric topology
Authors: Lubarsky Robert , Richman Fred , Schuster Peter
Published: October 2012

A form of Kripke's schema turns out to be equivalent to each of the following two statements from metric topology: every open subspace of a separable metric space is separable; every open subset of a separable metric space is a countable union of open balls. Thus Kripke's schema serves as a point of reference for classifying theorems of classical mathematics within Bishop‐style constructive reverse mathematics.
Imaging of glutamate neurotransmitter alterations in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Haris Mohammad , Nath Kavindra , Cai Kejia , Singh Anup , Crescenzi Rachelle , Kogan Feliks , Verma Gaurav , Reddy Sanjana , Hariharan Hari , Melhem Elias R. , Reddy Ravinder
Published: October 2012

Glutamate (Glu) is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and has been shown to decrease in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using a glutamate chemical (amine) exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) method, we imaged the change in [Glu] in the APP‐PS1 transgenic mouse model of AD at high spatial resolution. Compared with wild‐type controls, AD mice exhibited a notable reduction in GluCEST contrast (~30%) in all areas of the brain. The change in [Glu] was further validated through 1H MRS. A positive correlation was observed between GluCEST contrast and 1H MRS‐measured Glu/total creatine ratio. This method potentially provides a novel noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis of the disease in preclinical stages and enables the development of disease‐modifying therapies for AD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility and Initial Efficacy of a Comprehensive School‐Based Intervention for High‐Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Lopata Christopher , Thomeer Marcus L. , Volker Martin A. , Lee Gloria K. , Smith Tristram H. , Smith Rachael A. , Mcdonald Christin A. , Rodgers Jonathan D. , Lipinski Alanna M. , Toomey Jennifer A.
Published: October 2012

This study examined the feasibility and initial efficacy of a comprehensive school‐based intervention (CSBI) for 12 children with high‐functioning autism spectrum disorders, aged 6 to 9 years. Treatment included a 3‐week summer preparation program followed by a 10‐month CSBI, comprising social skills groups, therapeutic activities, face and voice emotion recognition instruction, an individual daily note, and parent training. Feasibility was supported in high levels of treatment fidelity and teacher‐ and parent‐reported acceptability and satisfaction. Pre–post comparisons suggested that children significantly improved their knowledge of target social skills, ability to identify emotions in facial and vocal expressions taught in the program, and broader emotion recognition skills in child faces. According to parent and teacher ratings, children displayed gains in their use of target social skills and broader social performance. Parents also reported a significant reduction in autism spectrum disorder‐related features.
Characterization of large molecular weight ester‐functionalized norbornene and hydroxylated norbornane carboxylic acid polymers prepared by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization
Authors: Stidham Sarah E. , Weinberg Benjamin H. , Grinstaff Mark W.
Published: October 2012

5‐Norbornene‐2‐ethyl ester (mixture of endo and exo) is polymerized via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization, yielding polymers with molecular weights ranging from 50,000 to 5,000,000 g/mol. The polymers are hydroxylated and saponified without alteration of the molecular weight. The polymers are analyzed by NMR, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Films are cast from the polymers at several molecular weights and their rheological properties are investigated. The results showed greater solid‐like character with increasing molecular weight for all polymers analyzed. Cell viability studies showed that the films possessed minimal cytotoxicity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
[2.2]paracyclophane‐based through‐space conjugated polymers with fluorescence quenchers
Authors: Morisaki Yasuhiro , Ueno Shizue , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: October 2012

New [2.2]paracyclophane‐based through‐space conjugated polymers containing fluorescence quenchers such as anthraquinone and ferrocene units at the polymer termini were designed and synthesized. Their optical properties were investigated in detail. Fluorescence emission from the stacked π‐electron systems was effectively quenched by the stacked π‐electron systems at the polymer termini due to the energy and electron transfer through a single polymer chain; thus, the polymers acted as the molecular wire. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Recent progress on polymer dynamics by neutron scattering: From simple polymers to complex materials
Authors: Colmenero Juan , Arbe Arantxa
Published: October 2012

The recent (from 2010 onward) contributions of quasielastic neutron scattering techniques (time of flight, backscattering, and neutron spin echo) to the characterization and understanding of dynamical processes in soft materials based on polymers are analyzed. The selectivity provided by the combination of neutron scattering and isotopic—in particular, proton/deuterium—labeling allows the isolated study of chosen molecular groups and/or components in a system. This opportunity, together with the capability of neutrons to provide space/time resolution at the relevant length scales in soft matter, allows unraveling the nature of the large variety of molecular motions taking place in materials of increasing complexity. As a result, recent relevant works can be found dealing with dynamical process which associated characteristic lengths and nature are as diverse as, for example, phenyl motions in a glassy linear homopolymer like polystyrene and the chain dynamics of a polymer adsorbed on dispersed clay platelets. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Partner relationships after mastectomy in women not offered breast reconstruction
Authors: Andrzejczak Ewa , Markocka‐Mączka Krystyna , Lewandowski Andrzej
Published: October 2012

Backgroud

The present study assessed the degree to which undergoing a mastectomy without reconstructive surgery negatively impacts the patient's psychological state. We focus on body image and self‐esteem as well as the influence of mastectomy on patient sex lives and partnership relations.

Methods

The participants were 60 women, either married or in a relationship, who had had a mastectomy because of breast cancer and no subsequent reconstructive surgery. A marital happiness questionnaire was used to evaluate the research problem.

Results

Surgery negatively impacted partnership relations for 33% of participants. In particular, 31% reported deterioration in attractiveness; 31%, a feeling of malaise; and 30%, that their partners perceived them as less attractive. Moreover, 80% in the youngest group reported that they covered their body during intimate contact, whereas 58% in the oldest age group reported the same behaviour. Deterioration in satisfaction with sex life and in the pleasure of sexual intercourse was indicated by 71% and 77%, respectively. Correspondingly, 71% also noticed a decrease in sexual activity, with 76% of participants aged 50–65 years reporting such a decline. The oldest women were also less satisfied with their sexual intercourse.

Conclusions

Breast excision due to cancer negatively impacted the quality of sexual life for 71% of participants. Partnership relations after surgery remained unchanged for 67% of them. There was significant impact of surgery on the perception of one's own body. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of disordered regions in globular proteins using 13C‐detected NMR
Authors: Gray Felicia L. V. , Murai Marcelo J. , Grembecka Jolanta , Cierpicki Tomasz
Published: October 2012

Characterization of disordered regions in globular proteins constitutes a significant challenge. Here, we report an approach based on 13C‐detected nuclear magnetic resonance experiments for the identification and assignment of disordered regions in large proteins. Using this method, we demonstrate that disordered fragments can be accurately identified in two homologs of menin, a globular protein with a molecular weight over 50 kDa. Our work provides an efficient way to characterize disordered fragments in globular proteins for structural biology applications.
Proton pump inhibitors: how to withdraw treatment
Authors: Vine Louisa , Philpott Robert , Fortun Paul
Published: October 2012

Our series on stopping drugs provides practical advice on why, when and how to withdraw drug therapy. Here the authors discuss the discontinuation of proton pump inhibitors.
ALPP: anonymous and location privacy preserving scheme for mobile IPv6 heterogeneous networks
Authors: Taha Sanaa , Shen Xuemin (Sherman)
Published: October 2012

The integration of mobile IPv6 heterogeneous networks enhances networking performance; however, it also breaks mobile node's anonymity and location privacy. In this paper, we propose an anonymous and location privacy preserving (ALPP) scheme that consists of two complementary subschemes: anonymous home binding update and anonymous return routability. In addition, anonymous mutual authentication and key establishment schemes have been proposed to work in conjunction with ALPP to authenticate a mobile node to its foreign gateway and create a shared key between them. ALPP adds anonymity and location privacy services to mobile IPv6 signaling to achieve mobile senders and receivers' privacy. Unlike existing schemes, ALPP alleviates the trade‐off between the networking performance and the achieved privacy level. Combining onion routing and anonymizer in ALPP scheme increases the achieved location privacy level where no entity in the network except the mobile node itself can identify this node's location. Using entropy model, we show that ALPP achieves higher degree of anonymity than the mix‐based scheme. The anonymous home binding update and anonymous return routability subschemes require less computation overheads and thwart both internal and external adversaries. Simulation results demonstrate that our schemes have low control packets routing delays and are suitable for the seamless handover. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Versatile Multicomponent Assembly via β‐cyclodextrin Host–Guest Chemistry on Graphene for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Dong Haiqing , Li Yongyong , Yu Jinhai , Song Yanyan , Cai Xiaojun , Liu Jiaqiang , Zhang Jiaming , Ewing Rodney C. , Shi Donglu
Published: October 2012

A multi‐component nanosystem based on graphene and comprising individual cyclodextrins at its surface is assembled, creating hybrid structures enabling new and important functionalities: optical imaging, drug storage, and cell targeting for medical diagnosis and treatment. These nanohybrids are part of a universal system of interchangeable units, capable of mutilple functionalities. The surface components, made of individual β‐cyclodextrin molecules, are the “hosts” for functional units, which may be used as imaging agents, for anti‐cancer drug delivery, and as tumor‐specific ligands. Specifically, individual β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), with a known capability to host various molecules, is considered a module unit that is assembled onto graphene nanosheet (GNS). The cyclodextrin‐functionalized graphene nanosheet (GNS/β‐CD) enables “host–guest” chemistry between the nanohybrid and functional “payloads”. The structure, composition, and morphology of the graphene nanosheet hybrid have been investigated. The nanohybrid, GNS/β‐CD, is highly dispersive in various physiological solutions, reflecting the high biostability of cyclodextrin. Regarding the host capability, the nanohybrid is fully capable of selectively accommodating various biological and functional agents in a controlled fashion, including the antivirus drug amantadine, fluorescent dye [5(6)‐carboxyfluorescein], and Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) peptide‐targeting ligands assisted by an adamantine linker. The loading ratio of 5(6)‐carboxyfluorescein is as high as 110% with a drug concentration of 0.45 mg mL−1. The cyclic RGD‐functionalized nanohybrid exhibits remarkable targeting for HeLa cells.
Hierarchical Rutile TiO2 Flower Cluster‐Based High Efficiency Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells via Direct Hydrothermal Growth on Conducting Substrates
Authors: Ye Meidan , Liu Hsiang‐Yu , Lin Changjian , Lin Zhiqun
Published: October 2012

Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on hierarchical rutile TiO2 flower clusters prepared by a facile, one‐pot hydrothermal process exhibit a high efficiency. Complex yet appealing rutile TiO2 flower films are, for the first time, directly hydrothermally grown on a transparent conducting fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. The thickness and density of as‐grown flower clusters can be readily tuned by tailoring growth parameters, such as growth time, the addition of cations of different valence and size, initial concentrations of precursor and cation, growth temperature, and acidity. Notably, the small lattice mismatch between the FTO substrate and rutile TiO2 renders the epitaxial growth of a compact rutile TiO2 layer on the FTO glass. Intriguingly, these TiO2 flower clusters can then be exploited as photoanodes to produce DSSCs, yielding a power conversion efficiency of 2.94% despite their rutile nature, which is further increased to 4.07% upon the TiCl4 treatment.
A Transdisciplinary World Model
Authors: Hodgson Anthony
Published: October 2012

The complexities and non‐linearities of the world system are increasing the mismatch between the way we think about the world and the actual behaviour of the world. In systems science, this is summarized by expressions like unintended consequences, counter‐intuitive outcomes, emergent properties, synchronous failures and unpredictable knock‐on effects. This whole field has been summed up as the global problematique. Increasing the match between our espoused world models and the behaviour of the real world in policies, strategies and decisions requires a major shift to holistic transdisciplinary approaches.

This paper will describe the innovation and pilot testing of a transdisciplinary approach to stimulating systemic interconnected thinking about complex issues from the global level (for example climate change) to the local level (for example increasing resilience in a village community). The approach is based on a world system model that is designed to promote holistic and transdisciplinary conversations across 12 key dimensions of sustainable communities. The model serves several purposes ranging from a ‘World Game’ that groups of people can play to strategic workshops that challenge decision making beyond conventional scenario planning methods, to ways of mapping global impacts of climate change.

The paper will describe some of the main foundations from systems thinking that underpin the model. These include multi‐factor modelling, variety engineering, feedback coupling and non‐linear behaviour. Some indications of application are also given. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
R‐Theory: A Synthesis of Robert Rosen's Relational Complexity
Authors: Kineman John J.
Published: October 2012

Mathematical biologist Robert Rosen proposed a revolutionary new way of understanding life in terms of causal ‘entailments’ and modelling ‘relations’, two main theory tracks in his work. His work, however profound in quality and elegant in explanation, remained incomplete during his lifetime and in need of synthesis. Such a synthesis was completed in 2011. The two main lines of reasoning were combined to define a new analytical methodology that is fully relational. This paper discusses the main implications of that synthesis, using the name ‘R‐theory’ to distinguish it from Rosen's original work. R‐theory describes a fully closed causal unit of nature, called the ‘holon’, which is a Rosen modelling relation between category theoretic mappings (thus integrating both concepts). R‐theory provides a new method of analysis that can relate whole and fractioned (mechanistic) aspects of nature. As such, it offers an approach for understanding complex phenomena at the edge of classical domains, which includes quantum, relativistic, living, social and cognitive phenomena. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Systematic Consideration of Observational Design Decisions in the Theory Construction Process
Authors: Shaw Duncan R. , Allen Timothy F. H.
Published: October 2012

The aim of this paper is to develop an explicit protocol for gaining the use of new concepts from external and transdisciplinary sources during the theory construction process. We are concerned with Churchman's ‘sweeping in’ of alternative perspectives and with inductive research. The potential for innovation that concepts from external disciplines bring is balanced by the risks of working outside a researcher's area of expertise. There is potential for researcher bias when gathering new ideas as well as when filtering possible new theory, and a protocol might help minimize such problems. For example, few business researchers are fully versed in ecology, and vice versa. This applies to the authors here, but we look at the issue from our respective sides and bring our respective expertise. Hierarchy theory is fundamentally a theory of observation. Here it helps us to define how the perspective of the researcher affects theory construction and the use of transdisciplinary concepts. It introduces a precision about the use of levels and brings out the dualism that arises in movement between levels. We use this to develop a theoretical model of the theory‐building process that avoids bias whilst making best use of the researcher's preconceptions. We illustrate our protocol using the business ecosystem metaphor, which is common in the business literature. Our special case that straddles business and ecology might offer guidance in other transdisciplinary efforts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pulvermetallurgisch hergestellte Sputtertargets
Authors: Adelhelm Christoph , Winkler Jörg , Linke Christian , Franzke Enrico , Köstenbauer Harald
Published: October 2012

Die Schichtabscheidung über Magnetronsputtern ist Bestandteil wichtiger Prozessschritte bei der Herstellung von CIGS‐Dünnschicht Photovoltaikmodulen. Diese basieren auf dem Halbleiter Cu(In, Ga)Se2 und erfordern einen Rückkontakt aus Molybdän. Herstellung und Anwendung von Sputtertargets aus Molybdän, MoNa und CuGa werden diskutiert. Die Targetherstellung über pulvermetallurgische Fertigungsverfahren wird am Beispiel von Molybdän eingeführt. Der Herstellungsweg über Pressen‐Sintern‐Umformen resultiert in hochreinem Material mit voller Dichte. Durch Zugabe einer Natriumverbindung wurden MoNa Targets entwickelt, wodurch die Dotierung des CIGS‐Absorbers mit geringen Mengen Natrium erreicht werden kann. Bei CuGa‐Targets bietet die pulvermetallurgische Fertigung gegenüber der Schmelzmetallurgie Vorteile: Eine feinere und gleichmäßigere Mikrostruktur des Targets resultiert in einer homogenen lateralen Zusammensetzung der CuGa‐Schichten.
CXS chemical dry vacuum pump brings smart vacuum to the process industry
Authors: Collins Don
Published: October 2012

The chemical sector as a whole has been quick to recognise the clear advantages of dry vacuum pumps over traditional wet technologies, and dry vacuum pumps are now well established around the world as an efficient, reliable option.

A new trend is now emerging: for vacuum to be seen as a ‘utility’. In response, dry vacuum technology is being developed by manufacturers to be available on demand in a ‘plug and pump’ system that requires minimum set‐up and maintenance.

The most advanced chemical dry vacuum pumps, such as the new CXS pump from Edwards, deliver exceptional energy efficiency and performance, are cost‐effective to run, and are environmentally sound.
Sind Trockenläufer wirklich die Lösung aller Probleme?
Authors: Barfuss Heinz
Published: October 2012

Mit diesem Artikel versucht der Autor aufzuzeigen, daß Trockenläufer nicht in allen Anwendungen aufgrund des Pumpprinzips, der Saugvermögenscharakteristik und auch physikalischen Grenzen die Lösung aller vakuumtechnischen Herausforderungen sind. Aufwendige Überwachungs‐ und Schutzmaßnahmen machen den Betrieb anfälliger, erhöhen die Betriebs‐ und Wartungskosten und stellen gegenüber den klassischen Drehschieberpumpen deutlich höhere Anforderungen an die Systemhersteller und Betreiber. Die Notwendigkeit der Ölfreiheit im Schöpfraum und der Prozesskammer oder Apparatur hat die Entwicklung der Trockenläufer entscheidend vorangetrieben, jedoch ist die Drehschieberpumpe auch weiterhin in bestimmten Anwendungen die Pumpe der Wahl.
An improved short‐lived fluorescent protein transcriptional reporter for Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Houser John R. , Ford Eintou , Chatterjea Sudeshna M. , Maleri Seth , Elston Timothy C. , Errede Beverly
Published: October 2012

Ideal reporter genes for temporal transcription programmes have short half‐lives that restrict their detection to the window in which their transcripts are present and translated. In an effort to meet this criterion for reporters of transcription in individual living cells, we adapted the ubiquitin fusion strategy for programmable N‐end rule degradation to generate an N‐degron version of green fluorescent protein (GFP) with a half‐life of ~7 min. The GFP variant we used here (designated GFP*) has excellent fluorescence brightness and maturation properties, which make the destabilized reporter well suited for tracking the induction and attenuation kinetics of gene expression in living cells. These attributes are illustrated by its ability to track galactose‐ and pheromone‐induced transcription in S. cerevisiae. We further show that the fluorescence measurements using the short‐lived N‐degron GFP* reporter gene accurately predict the transient mRNA profile of the prototypical pheromone‐induced FUS1 gene. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Reaction Conditions on the Structures of Nickel(II) Complexes Based on 3‐(4‐Carboxyphenyl)propionic Acid
Authors: Sun Chang‐Yan , Li Wen‐Jun , Che Ping
Published: October 2012

Two new nickel(II) complexes, [Ni(4, 4′‐bpy)(H2O)4]n·n(cpp)·0.5nH2O (1) and [Ni(cpp)(4, 4′‐bpy)(H2O)2]n (2) [4, 4′‐bpy = 4, 4′‐bipyridine, H2cpp = 3‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)propionic acid] were synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. In complex 1, NiII ions are bridged by 4, 4′‐bpy into 1D chains, and cpp ligands are not involved in the coordination, whereas in complex 2, cpp ligands adopt a bis(monodentate) mode and link NiII ions into 2D (4, 4) grids with the help of 4, 4′‐bpy ligands. Triple interpenetration occurs, which results in the formation of a complicated 3D network. The difference in the structures of the two complexes can be attributed to the different reaction temperatures and bases.
Synthesis and Structure of the Rubidium Uranium Selenophosphate Rb4U2P5Se17
Authors: Bellott Brian J. , Ibers James A.
Published: October 2012

Black crystals of the rubidium uranium selenophosphate Rb4U2P5Se17 have been prepared by the solid‐state reaction of uranium, P2Se5, and Rb2Se3 at 1023 K. The compound crystallizes with four formula units in the triclinic space group P$\bar{1}$ with cell constants at 100 K of a =10.0824(2), b = 10.6905(2), c = 15.7845(3) Å, α = 84.678(1), β = 76.125(1), γ = 85.874(1)°. Its complex three‐dimensional structure displays four different types of ligands that bridge uranium atoms. Three are P2Se64– anions in different bonding modes and the fourth is an asymmetric Se22– dianion. The compound may be written Rb4U2(P2Se6)2.5(Se2) and is charge‐balanced as a U4+ compound.
Zero Thermal Expansion in K0.46Co1.27[Fe(CN)6]·5.5H2O
Authors: Liu Min , Xu Ming‐Xiang
Published: October 2012

Thermal expansion of materials is a comparatively easy‐understood physical property. Prussian blue analogues are of particular interest in engineering as new zero thermal expansion materials. We investigated the thermal expansion in K0.46Co1.27[Fe(CN)6]·5.5H2O by x‐ray powder diffraction. This compound is a good example of a zero thermal expansion material. The origin of zero thermal expansion is considered to be the low frequency transverse vibrational motion of the cyano bridges.
Beam-helicity asymmetry arising from deeply virtual Compton scattering measured with kinematically complete event reconstruction
Authors:   The Hermes Collaboration, Airapetian A. , Akopov N. , Akopov Z. , Aschenauer E. C. , Augustyniak W. , Avakian R. , Avetissian A. , Avetisyan E. , Belostotski S. , Blok H. P. , Borissov A. , Bowles J. , Brodski I. , Bryzgalov V. , Burns J. , Capiluppi M. , Capitani G. P. , Cisbani E. , Ciullo G. , Contalbrigo M. , Dalpiaz P. F. , Deconinck W. , De Leo R. , De Nardo L. , De Sanctis E. , Diefenthaler M. , Di Nezza P. , Düren M. , Ehrenfried M. , Elbakian G. , Ellinghaus F. , Etzelmüller E. , Fabbri R. , Fantoni A. , Felawka L. , Frullani S. , Gapienko G. , Gapienko V. , Garibaldi F. , Gavrilov G. , Gharibyan V. , Giordano F. , Gliske S. , Golembiovskaya M. , Gregor I. M. , Guler H. , Hartig M. , Hasch D. , Hillenbrand A. , Hoek M. , Holler Y. , Hristova I. , Ivanilov A. , Jackson H. E. , Jo H. S. , Joosten S. , Kaiser R. , Karyan G. , Keri T. , Kinney E. , Kisselev A. , Korotkov V. , Kozlov V. , Krauss B. , Kravchenko P. , Krivokhijine V. G. , Lagamba L. , Lapikás L. , Lehmann I. , Lenisa P. , Ruiz A. López , Lorenzon W. , Lu S. , Lu X. , Ma B.-Q. , Mahon D. , Makins N. C. R. , Manaenkov S. I. , Manfré L. , Mao Y. , Marianski B. , de la Ossa A. Martinez , Marukyan H. , Miller C. A. , Miyachi Y. , Movsisyan A. , Murray M. , Mussgiller A. , Nappi E. , Naryshkin Y. , Nass A. , Negodaev M. , Nowak W.-D. , Osborne A. , Pappalardo L. L. , Perez-Benito R. , Petrosyan A. , Reimer P. E. , Reolon A. R. , Riedl C. , Rith K. , Rosner G. , Rostomyan A. , Rubacek L. , Rubin J. , Ryckbosch D. , Schäfer A. , Schnell G. , Schüler K. P. , Seitz B. , Shearer C. , Shibata T.-A. , Shutov V. , Stancari M. , Statera M. , Steijger J. J. M. , Stewart J. , Taroian S. , Terkulov A. , Truty R. , Trzcinski A. , Tytgat M. , Van Haarlem Y. , Van Hulse C. , Veretennikov D. , Vikhrov V. , Vilardi I. , Wang S. , Yaschenko S. , Ye Z. , Yen S. , Zagrebelnyy V. , Zeiler D. , Zihlmann B. , Zupranski P.
Published: October 2012

Abstract

The beam-helicity asymmetry in exclusive electroproduction of real photons by the longitudinally polarized Hera positron beam scattering off an unpolarized hydrogen target is measured at Hermes. The asymmetry arises from deeply virtual Compton scattering and its interference with the Bethe-Heitler process. Azimuthal amplitudes of the beam-helicity asymmetry are extracted from a data sample consisting ofep→epγevents with detection of all particles in the final state including the recoiling proton. The installation of a recoil detector, while reducing the acceptance of the experiment, allows the elimination of background fromep→eN πγevents, which was estimated to contribute an average of about 12% to the signal in previous Hermes publications. The removal of this background from the present data sample is shown to increase the magnitude of the leading asymmetry amplitude by 0.054 ± 0.016 to −0.328 ± 0.027 (stat.) ± 0.045 (syst.).
An indigoidine biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces chromofuscus ATCC 49982 contains an unusual IndB homologue
Authors: Yu Dayu , Xu Fuchao , Valiente Jonathan , Wang Siyuan , Zhan Jixun
Published: October 2012

A putative indigoidine biosynthetic gene cluster was located in the genome of Streptomyces chromofuscus ATCC 49982. The silent 9.4-kb gene cluster consists of five open reading frames, named orf1, Sc-indC, Sc-indA, Sc-indB, and orf2, respectively. Sc-IndC was functionally characterized as an indigoidine synthase through heterologous expression of the enzyme in both Streptomyces coelicolor CH999 and Escherichia coli BAP1. The yield of indigoidine in E. coli BAP1 reached 2.78 g/l under the optimized conditions. The predicted protein product of Sc-indB is unusual and much larger than any other reported IndB-like protein. The N-terminal portion of this enzyme resembles IdgB and the C-terminal portion is a hypothetical protein. Sc-IndA and/or Sc-IndB were co-expressed with Sc-IndC in E. coli BAP1, which demonstrated the involvement of Sc-IndB, but not Sc-IndA, in the biosynthetic pathway of indigoidine. The yield of indigoidine was dramatically increased by 41.4 % (3.93 g/l) when Sc-IndB was co-expressed with Sc-IndC in E. coli BAP1. Indigoidine is more stable at low temperatures.
“I Didn't Know It Existed Before You Called”: Protestant Clergy Experience, Education and Perceptions Regarding Genetics
Authors: Lemons Jennifer , Ragsdale Judy , Vaughn Lisa , Grossoehme Daniel
Published: October 2012

Despite the intrinsic role religious/spiritual (hereafter, R/S) beliefs have in patient clinical decision‐making and crisis coping, there is little research exploring the relationship that exists between clergy (professionals who provide R/S counsel and guidance) and genetic counseling patients. This qualitative, exploratory study was designed to explore Protestant clergy (N = 8) perceptions of and experience with genetics‐related issues. Data analysis revealed that a wide range of R/S perceptions regarding genetics‐related issues exist within Protestantism, Protestant clergy have a basic understanding of genetic testing and conditions, and while directive counseling is inherent to Protestant clergy counseling, there appears to exist two opposing styles: unbiased and biased. Based on this information, there are two main implications for genetic counseling clinical practice. First, R/S assessments need to be increasingly implemented into genetic counseling sessions, so that the psychosocial needs of patients with specific R/S beliefs can be identified and addressed. An increase in R/S assessments may be accomplished by increased exposure in genetic counselor training, continuing education opportunities, and by establishing relationships with board‐certified, professional chaplains. Second, genetic counselors can influence the genetic education and experience of clergy by raising awareness within their own R/S assemblies. Doing so can also serve to further educate genetic counselors in the R/S beliefs of their own traditions, thus increasing sensitivity, empathy and the quality of care provided.
Using the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Method to Measure Racial Bias in Achievement Tests
Authors: Duncan Kevin , Sandy Jonathan
Published: October 2012

The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique is typically applied to gender or racial earnings gaps with the goal of determining the percent of the gap that can be attributed to differences in attributes between groups and to labor market discrimination. We apply this technique to the racial gap in achievement tests with the goal of measuring the relative racial bias of these tests. The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) and the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT) were administered to respondents from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Decomposition results indicate that up to 49.5 % of the white-black gap in the PIAT is explained by racial differences in average attributes. The corresponding figure for the ASVAB is 44.7 %. Since the same sample and specification are used in estimating ASVAB and PIAT scores, the difference in the percent of the gaps due to attributes can be ascribed to test score bias and not omitted variable bias. Therefore, the results suggest that the “discrimination” or bias of the ASVAB is greater than the PIAT.
Family Instability and Early Initiation of Sexual Activity in Western Kenya
Authors: Goldberg Rachel E.
Published: October 2012

Epidemiological, economic, and social forces have produced high levels of volatility in family and household structure for young people growing up in sub-Saharan Africa in recent decades. However, scholarship on the family to date has not examined the influence of this family instability on young people’s well-being. The current study employs unique life history calendar data from Western Kenya to investigate the relationship between instability in caregiving and early initiation of sexual activity. It draws on a body of work on parental union instability in the United States, and examines new dimensions of family change. Analyses reveal a positive association between transitions in primary caregiver and the likelihood of early sexual debut that is rapidly manifested following caregiver change and persists for a short period. The association is strongest at early ages, and there is a cumulative effect of multiple caregiver changes. The results highlight the importance of studying family stability in sub-Saharan Africa, as distinct from family structure, and for attention to dimensions such as age and recency.
Timing of stroke onset determines discharge‐functional status but not stroke severity: A hospital‐based study
Authors: Liou Li‐Min , Lin Hsiu‐Fen , Tsai Chin‐Ling , Lin Ruey‐Tay , Lai Chiou‐Lian
Published: October 2012

Circadian variation of the onset time of acute ischemic stroke has been well studied. However, little is mentioned about the circadian variation of discharge‐stroke severity and discharge‐functional status. This study evaluated the impact of onset time on discharge‐stroke severity and the functional status of acute ischemic stroke. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 274 acute ischemic stroke patients (66.42% male; mean age = 64.81 ± 12.80 years). All times of onset were assigned to 4‐hourly periods (six groups) starting from midnight. Stroke severity/functional status was evaluated on admission and discharge using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score/modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel Index (BI), respectively. Using mRS, but not NIHSS score and BI, it was possible to differentiate the best and worst groups on discharge. Patients in group 2 (4 to <8 am) and group 6 (8 to <12 pm) had best and worst functional status, respectively. To control other stroke risk factors, multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the role of onset time in discharge mRS. Aside from age, onset time was a significant indicator in mRS, while gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and current smoking were not. In conclusion, there is also circadian variation of discharge‐functional status in patients with acute ischemic stroke when assessed by mRS.
MicroRNA and cancer
Authors: Jansson Martin D. , Lund Anders H.
Published: October 2012

With the advent of next generation sequencing techniques a previously unknown world of non‐coding RNA molecules have been discovered. Non‐coding RNA transcripts likely outnumber the group of protein coding sequences and hold promise of many new discoveries and mechanistic explanations for essential biological phenomena and pathologies. The best characterized non‐coding RNA family consists in humans of about 1400 microRNAs for which abundant evidence have demonstrated fundamental importance in normal development, differentiation, growth control and in human diseases such as cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and concepts concerning the involvement of microRNAs in cancer, which have emerged from the study of cell culture and animal model systems, including the regulation of key cancer‐related pathways, such as cell cycle control and the DNA damage response. Importantly, microRNA molecules are already entering the clinic as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for patient stratification and also as therapeutic targets and agents.
Double Concussions and Cognitive Dysfunction: A Population Study of Young Men
Authors: Teasdale Thomas W. , Engberg Aase W. , Holte Linda G.
Published: October 2012

Aims: To determine whether double concussions can result in longer-lasting cognitive dysfunctioning than a single concussion and/or whether cognitive dysfunction is a greater risk factor for double concussions than for a single concussion.

Method: Through a national hospitalisation database, 2753 men were found who, at ages between infancy and early adulthood, had, on two separate occasions, been briefly hospitalised after a concussion. This cohort was compared with a previously obtained and comparable sample of men who had suffered a single concussion. From Draft Board records a dichotomised index was obtained indicating whether or not they had performed at or above a cut-off total score on a cognitive screening test involving four timed subtests, below cut-off being considered as dysfunctional.

Findings: For all age groups, double concussions were associated with higher rates of cognitive dysfunction than single concussions. This was especially true where the concussion(s) had occurred after cognitive testing [odds ratio = 2.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.92–3.36]. Where double concussions had occurred before cognitive testing but after age 12, cognitive dysfunction was more prevalent when the interval between concussions was less than 1 month than at longer intervals (odds ratio = 3.91, 95%CI = 1.14–13.34). It is concluded that cognitive dysfunction in young men is a risk factor for repeat concussions; at the same time cognitive dysfunction can also be a long-term consequence of two concussions occurring in close temporal proximity.
A New Set of Standardised Verbal and Non-verbal Contemporary Film Stimuli for the Elicitation of Emotions
Authors: Jenkins Lisanne M. , Andrewes David G.
Published: October 2012

This study responded to a need for an updated set of film clips for the elicitation of emotion. Previous such stimuli are not only dated, but are limited in that they have been validated using participants from a narrow age range, which is problematic given conflicting reports regarding age differences in self-reported emotion elicited in a laboratory setting. The present study aimed to develop a new film stimulus set standardised on a wide age range of participants, while investigating age differences in self-reported emotion in response to film clips. An ancillary aim was to standardise film clips that were with and without dialogue. Two researchers composed a shortlist of 60 clips that were chosen to elicit six target emotions of amusement, anger, disgust, fear, happiness and sadness, as well as a neutral state. Each of the 109 participants (55 males, 54 females), aged between 18 and 88 years (M = 44.94) viewed all 60 clips. Self-reported emotional experience was measured using a computerised Visual Analogue Scale. Age differences were observed whereby participants aged 46–88 reported more intense positive and negative emotions in response to film clips than participants aged 18–45. Consistent with previous research, difficulties were found in eliciting the target emotion of anger. A success index was calculated for each film that took into consideration the mean rating on the target emotion and the degree to which the film elicited only the target emotion. We present a list of film clips recommended for future research.
Moving Ahead: A New Centre of Research Excellence in Brain Recovery, Focusing on Psychosocial Reintegration Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: McDonald Skye , Anderson Vicki , Ponsford Jennie , Tate Robyn , Togher Leanne , Morgan Angela , Fleming Jennifer , Ownsworth Tamara , Douglas Jacinta , Murdoch Bruce
Published: October 2012

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of brain injury in the Western world and leads to physical, cognitive and emotional deficits that reduce independence. Changes to psychosocial function are the most disruptive, resulting in vocational difficulties, family stress and deteriorating relationships, and are a major target for remediation. But rehabilitation is expensive and its evidence base is limited. Thus, new collaborative initiatives are needed. This article details the development of ‘Moving Ahead’, a model for a Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) for Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation. This CRE offers several major innovations. First, it provides an integrated, multi-faceted approach to addressing psychosocial difficulties embracing different clinical standpoints (e.g., psychological, speech pathology, occupational therapy) and levels of investigation (e.g., basic science to community function) across the lifespan. It is based upon a close relationship with clinicians to ensure transfer of research to practice and, conversely, to ensure that research is clinically meaningful. It provides an integrated platform with which to support and train new researchers in the field via scholarships, postdoctoral fellowships, websites, meetings, mentoring and across-site training, and thus build workforce capacity for individuals with TBI and their families. It has input from the international community to contextualise research more broadly and ensure scientific rigour. Finally, it provides collaboration across sites to facilitate research and data collection.
Influences of Labour Participation Among Persons With Disabilities: A Systematic Review and Best Evidence Synthesis
Authors: Harder Henry G. , Rash Joshua A. , Nelson Sara
Published: October 2012

A systematic literature review was conducted to assess the individual, organisation, societal, and legal influences of labour participation among individuals with a disability.Methods: Nine databases were searched, for peer-reviewed studies of individual, organisation, societal, and legal influences among disabled populations published between 1990 and 2010.

Results: Of a total of 809 papers initially selected, only 46 studies were deemed to be of sufficient quality to be included in the review.Conclusions: Numerous studies have examined labour participation among persons with physical disabilities, some among persons with chronic disabilities, and few among persons with mental disabilities. Strong evidence was found for individual and organisation influences of labour participation among persons with physical disabilities in particular pain, catastrophising, job strain, and support. Only individual influences provided strong evidence among persons with chronic disabilities and no influences provided strong evidence among those with mental disabilities. The results are presented along with methodological weaknesses and future recommendations.
Association between dietary intake of micronutrients and cardiorespiratory fitness in Japanese men
Authors: Cao Zhen-Bo , Sasaki Azusa , Oh Taewoong , Miyatake Nobuyuki , Tsushita Kazuyo , Higuchi Mitsuru , Sasaki Satoshi , Tabata Izumi
Published: October 2012

Previous studies have demonstrated that meeting the dietary recommendations for macronutrients was significantly associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels in adults. However, the relation between the status of micronutrient intake and CRF still remains unclear. This study examined the association between micronutrient intake status (based on adherence to the dietary reference intakes (DRI)) and CRF in Japanese men. The study comprised 373 Japanese men aged 30–69 years. Dietary intake was assessed with a self-administered diet history questionnaire. Overall micronutrient intake status was quantified using an overall nutrient adequacy score (ONAS) for thirteen selected micronutrients. ONAS was calculated based on adherence to the DRI for Japanese. CRF was defined as O2max during a maximal incremental test on a bicycle ergometer. Physical activity was measured using accelerometer-based activity monitors for seven consecutive days. We observed a significant inverse trend for the prevalence of inadequacy for the intake of vitamin A and Ca across incremental CRF categories (P < 0·05). In a multivariate model, the ONAS was positively associated with absolute (β = 0·10, P = 0·02) and relative O2max (β = 0·09, P = 0·04), independent of physical activity. The OR for being unfit (the lowest 25 % of the age-specific distribution of O2max) in the third ONAS tertile compared with the first ONAS tertile was 0·52 (95 % CI 0·28, 0·96). These results demonstrated that the intake of several individual micronutrients and overall micronutrient intake status are independently and positively associated with CRF in Japanese men.