bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the Final Sintering Temperature on the Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of Ba0.75Ca0.25TiO3 Perovskite Ceramics
Authors: Feliksik Kamil , Adamczyk-Habrajska Małgorzata , Makowska Jolanta , Bartkowska Joanna A. , Pikula Tomasz , Panek Rafał , Starczewska Oliwia
Published: October 2024

Ba0.75Ca0.25TiO3 ceramics were successfully synthesized by a simple solid-state reaction method. This study examined the influence of sintering temperature on the structure, microstructure, dielectric properties and electrical behavior of the material. The XRD analysis reveals that the tetragonal phase (P4mm) is dominant in all the synthesized materials, with those sintered at T = 1400 °C and T = 1450 °C being single-phase, while others exhibit a minor orthorhombic phase (Pbnm). Higher sintering temperatures promoted better grain boundary formation and larger grain sizes. The electric permittivity increased with temperature up to T = 1400 °C, followed by a sharp decline at T = 1450 °C. Additionally, the Curie temperature decreased with increasing sintering temperature, indicating changes in phase transition characteristics. Thermal analysis showed that higher sintering temperatures led to sharper heat capacity peaks, while pyroelectric and thermally stimulated depolarization currents were maximized at T = 1400 °C due to oxygen vacancies. These findings highlight the significant impact of sintering temperature on the material’s structural and functional properties.
Multiple Broadband Infrared Topological Photonic Crystal Valley States Based on Liquid Crystals
Authors: Zhang Jinying , Wang Bingnan , Wang Rui , Wang Jiacheng , Wang Xinye , Zhang Yexiaotong
Published: October 2024

Spectral tunable technology has to meet the requirements of strong robustness and wide spectral range. We propose a method for the transmission and manipulation of infrared topological photonic crystal valley states based on tunable refractive index method that exhibits broad-spectrum and multi-band characteristics, along with a tunable emission angle. With this structure, different rotational directions of vortex light sources can independently excite the K valley and K′ valley within the frequency band ranging from 75.64 THz to 99.61 THz. At frequencies from 142.60 THz to 171.12 THz, it is possible to simultaneously excite both the K valley and K′ valley. The dual refractive index tunable design allows for the adjustment of the emission angle at a fixed frequency, enabling control over the independent excitation of either a single K valley or K′ valley, as well as their simultaneous excitation. This capability has significant implications for photonic computation and tunable filtering, offering enhanced operational flexibility and expanded functionality for future optical communications and integrated optical circuits.
A Radial Memetic Algorithm to Resolve the No-Wait Job-Shop Scheduling Problem
Authors: Pérez-Rodríguez Ricardo
Published: October 2024

A new radial memetic algorithm is proposed to resolve the no-wait job-shop scheduling problem. Basically, each sequencing solution is factorized as a distance-based ranking model, i.e., each solution is decomposed in n − 1 terms, where n is the number of jobs to be sequenced. After that, a cumulative radial distribution of hydrogen is considered to produce new factorizations using the offspring information (genes). Such radial distribution is applied in the local optimization procedure of the memetic algorithm. A benchmarking dataset is used to show the performance of this new experimental technique, as well as other current procedures. Statistical tests were implemented to confirm the performance of the proposed scheme.
Osteoporosis in Systemic Mastocytosis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Letizia Mauro Giulia , Accomando Jessica , Tomasello Sofia , Duca Adele , Mangano Maria Silvia , de Sire Alessandro , Vecchio Michele , Scaturro Dalila
Published: October 2024

Background: Mastocytosis (MS) is a rare disease that can involve various organs, including the bone. Given the incidence of the disease in the global population, MS poses a challenge for physicians, and early therapeutic intervention in the initial stages could significantly impact the quality of life of affected patients. Objective: The aim of this scoping review was to provide an overview of secondary osteoporosis in systemic mastocytosis (SM), focusing on the heterogeneity of its manifestations, the benefits of early diagnosis, and appropriate pharmacological treatment. Design: A technical expert panel (TEP) consisting of 8 physicians with expertise in metabolic bone diseases conducted the review following the PRISMA-ScR model. A strength of this study is that it provides various therapeutic approaches for patients with bone involvement in SM, although the limited available literature on the topic constituted a limitation. The TEP sought evidence regarding the following diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in the management of SM: “bisphosphonate therapy”, “zoledronic acid therapy”, “denosumab therapy”, “IFN-alpha therapy”, and “IFN-alpha therapy in combination with pamidronate”. Results: Clinical data showed a correlation between densitometric outcomes, serum tryptase levels, and mast cell infiltration in the bone marrow, between increased bone mineral density and the presence of osteosclerosis in cases of advanced SM, between the severity of osteoporosis and hypertryptasemia, and also provided results on the long-term effects of bisphosphonate therapy, the therapeutic efficacy of zoledronic acid administration, the positive effect of denosumab on the reduction of serum tryptase levels (even if is proved in a limited numbers of cases) and the prevention of new fractures, and the effect of IFN-alpha in more severe cases of SM, either alone or in combination with pamidronate. Conclusions: Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of various treatments depending on the form of mastocytosis, whether indolent systemic or advanced systemic, in the prognosis of the disease. However, this role should be further investigated in additional clinical studies, considering the limited data on the use of these interventions.
Oral Microbial Changes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Focus on Treponema denticola, Lactobacillus casei, and Candida albicans
Authors: Lee Yeon-Hee , Jung Junho , Hong Ji-Youn
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: In this study, we aimed to explore the oral bacteria and fungi that can help discern oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and investigate the correlations between multiple key pathogens. Materials and Methods: Twelve participants (8 females and 4 males; mean age, 54.33 ± 20.65 years) were prospectively recruited into three groups: Group 1: healthy control, Group 2: patients with stomatitis, and Group 3: patients with OSCC, with 4 individuals in each group. Unstimulated whole saliva samples from these participants were analyzed using real-time PCR to assess the presence and abundance of 14 major oral bacterial species and Candida albicans. Results: The analysis revealed significant differences for certain microorganisms, namely, Treponema denticola (T. denticola), Lactobacillus casei (L. casei), and Candida albicans. T. denticola was most abundant in the OSCC group (5,358,692.95 ± 3,540,767.33), compared to the stomatitis (123,355.54 ± 197,490.86) and healthy control (9999.21 ± 11,998.40) groups. L. casei was undetectable in the healthy control group but was significantly more abundant in the stomatitis group (1653.94 ± 2981.98) and even higher in the OSCC group (21,336.95 ± 9258.79) (p = 0.001). A similar trend was observed for C. albicans, with DNA copy numbers rising from the healthy control (464.29 ± 716.76) to the stomatitis (1861.30 ± 1206.15) to the OSCC group (9347.98 ± 5128.54) (p = 0.006). The amount of T. denticola was positively correlated with L. casei (r = 0.890, p < 0.001) and C. albicans (r = 0.724, p = 0.008). L. casei’s DNA copy number was strongly correlated with C. albicans (r = 0.931, p < 0.001). These three oral microbes exhibited strong positive correlations with each other and had various direct or indirect relationships with other species. Conclusions: In the OSCC group, T. denticola, L. casei, and C. albicans exhibited strong positive correlations with one another, further emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of the complex microbial interactions in the OSCC environment.
Thermodynamic and Technological Studies of the Electric Smelting of Satpaevsk Ilmenite Concentrates
Authors: Myrzakulov Maxat K. , Jumankulova Saltanat K. , Barmenshinova Madina B. , Martyushev Nikita V. , Skeeba Vadim Y. , Kondratiev Viktor V. , Karlina Antonina I.
Published: October 2024

This work presents the results of thermodynamic and technological studies of the reducing electric smelting of low-quality and difficult-to-recover Satpaevsk ilmenite concentrates in the presence of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as a flux. In the course of thermodynamic studies, according to literature data and using the HSC Chemistry 8 program, the state diagrams of the FeO-TiO2, FeO-Fe2O3-TiO2, Na2O-TiO2, Na2O-SiO2, Ti-C-O and Fe-C-O systems and the possibility of reactions in the temperature range of 500–1600 °C (without smelting of titanium, 1678 °C), taking into account phase transitions, were studied. The article also presents the results of technological studies of the above process. In general, the research results showed the possibility of using sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as a flux in the charge of the electric smelting of low-quality Satpaevsk ilmenite concentrates. It has been established that the addition of 4.5–5% of Na2CO3 allows for reducing the temperature and the duration of electric smelting, the viscosity of the melt, and the complete separation of the smelting products (cast iron from slag).
Excellent Magnetocaloric Properties near 285 K of Amorphous Fe88Pr6Ce4B2 Ribbon
Authors: Liu Xiangjie , Yuan Jiameng , Wang Qiang , Ding Ding , Xia Lei
Published: October 2024

A novel amorphous Fe88Pr6Ce4B2 ribbon with better magnetocaloric properties near 285 K is reported in the present work. The Fe88Pr6Ce4B2 ribbon exhibits a typical second-order ferromagnetic–paramagnetic transition near its Curie temperature (Tc, ~284 K), with a maximum magnetic entropy change (−ΔSmpeak) of ~4.15 J/(kg × K) under 5 T and a maximum adiabatic temperature rise (ΔTad) of ~2.57 K under 5 T, both of which are almost the largest amongst the iron-based metallic glasses with Tc = 285 ± 10 K. The high −ΔSmpeak enables several amorphous hybrids with table-like −ΔSm–T curves to be synthesized by appropriately proportioning the Fe88Pr6Ce4B2 ribbon and other amorphous ribbons with different Tc. The larger average −ΔSm and effective refrigeration capacity, as well as the appropriate temperature range, make the two amorphous hybrids potential candidates for use as refrigerants in household magnetic air conditioners.
Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Evolution in Pure Copper with Dual Heterostructures Produced by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment
Authors: Sun Lele , Li Xingfu , Li Cong , Gong Yulan , Fu Zhengrong , Yang Jingran , Quan Shuwei , Qin Shen , Zhu Xinkun
Published: October 2024

Heterostructured materials consist of heterogeneous zones with dramatic variations in mechanical properties, and have attracted extensive attention due to their superior performance. Various heterostructured materials have been widely investigated in recent years. In the present study, a combination of two different types of heterogeneous structures, a surface bimodal structure and gradient structure, was designed using the traditional surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) method in pure copper, and the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of dual-heterostructure Cu were studied in depth. In total, 100 stainless steel balls with a diameter of 6 mm were utilized to impact the specimen surface at room temperature for a short period of time. In this work, the sample surface was divided into hard areas and soft areas, along with a roughly 90 μm gradient structure in the cross-sectional direction after 30 s of SMAT processing. After the partial SMAT processing, lasting 30 s, the strength increased to 158.0 MPa and a considerable ductility of 25.7% was sustained, which overcomes the strength–ductility trade-off. The loading–unloading–reloading (LUR) test was utilized to measure the HDI stress, and the result showed that the HDI stress of the partial SMAT sample was much higher than the annealed one, especially for the Cu-SMAT-30S specimen, the strength of which increased from 80.4 MPa to 153.8 MPa during the tensile test. An in situ digital image correlation (DIC) investigation demonstrated that the strain developed stably in the Cu-SMAT-10S specimen. Furthermore, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was carried out to study the microstructural evolution after partial SMAT processing; the KAM value increased to 0.34 for the Cu-SMAT-10S specimen. This research provides insights for the effective combination of superior strength and good ductility in dual-heterostructure materials.
Maternal Obesity and Differences in Child Urine Metabolome
Authors: Francis Ellen C. , Hunt Kelly J. , Grobman William A. , Skupski Daniel W. , Mani Ashika , Hinkle Stefanie N.
Published: October 2024

Background/objective: Approximately one-third of pregnant individuals in the U.S. are affected by obesity, which can adversely impact the in utero environment and offspring. This study aimed to investigate the differences in urine metabolomics between children exposed and unexposed to maternal obesity. Methods: In a study nested within a larger pregnancy cohort of women–offspring pairs, we measured untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry in urine samples from 68 children at 4–8 years of age. We compared metabolite levels between offspring exposed to maternal obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) vs. unexposed (maternal BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and matched them on covariates, using two-sample t-tests, with additional sensitivity analyses based on children’s BMI. This study reports statistically significant results (p ≤ 0.05) and potentially noteworthy findings (fold change > 1 or 0.05 < p < 0.15), considering compounds’ involvement in common pathways or similar biochemical families. Results: The mean (SD) maternal age at study enrollment was 28.0 (6.3) years, the mean child age was 6.6 (0.8) years, 56% of children were male, and 38% of children had a BMI in the overweight/obese range (BMI ≥ 85th percentile). Children exposed to maternal obesity had lower levels of 5-hydroxyindole sulfate and 7-hydroxyindole sulfate and higher levels of secondary bile acids. Phenylacetic acid derivatives were lower in offspring exposed to obesity and in offspring who had a current BMI in the overweight/obese range. Exposure to maternal obesity was associated with lower levels of androgenic steroid dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). Conclusions: In this preliminary study, children exposed to maternal obesity in utero had differences in microbiome-related metabolites in urine suggestive of altered microbial catabolism of tryptophan and acetylated peptides. Some of these differences were partially attributable to the offspring’s current BMI status. This study highlights the potential of urine metabolomics to identify biomarkers and pathways impacted by in utero exposure to maternal obesity.
Selenicereus undatus (Dragon Fruit) Phytochemicals for Managing Three Human Pathogenic Bacteria: An In Vitro and In Silico Approach
Authors: Yang Zhuan-Ying , Zheng Xue-Wen , Jiang Wen-Hao , Chen Gui-Zhi , Liang Qing-Zhi , Xu Guang-Zhao , Yi Run-Hua
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are a growing global concern. A natural remedy for bacterial infections could be available in the Selenicereus undatus fruit, but its antibacterial and biochemical properties are not fully known. Methods: In this study, the biochemical composition and antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of the Jindu No. 1 (JD) and Bird’s Nest (YW) dragon fruit varieties and their potential effects against E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., and Staphylococcus sp. were scrutinized. Results: The JD fruit extract showed higher antibacterial activity than the YW variety against E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., and Staphylococcus sp. in vitro. Additionally, the JD variety demonstrated more significant antioxidant activity than the YW variety and showed less cytotoxic activity. The JD variety had a higher glucose content, while the YW variety had a higher fructose content, and the phytoconstituents analysis confirmed 659 metabolites in total from the two varieties. Through in silico analyses, phytoconstituents were evaluated to identify potential drug molecules against the selected bacterial strain. Moreover, the molecular docking study revealed that riboprobe and Z-Gly-Pro might be effective against E. coli, 4-hydroxy retinoic acid, and that succinyl adenosine may target Pseudomonas sp., and xanthosine and 2′-deoxyinosine-5′-monophosphate may be effective against Staphylococcus sp. These results were further validated by 100 ns Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation, and all of the selected compounds exhibited acceptable ADMET features. Conclusions: Therefore, phytoconstituents from S. undatus fruit varieties could be employed to fight human bacterial diseases, and future studies will support the continuation of other biological activities in medical research.
A Scalable Digital Light Processing 3D Printing Method
Authors: Huang Junjie , Cai Jiangkun , Huangfu Chenhao , Li Shikai , Chen Guoqiang , Yun Hao , Xiao Junfeng
Published: October 2024

The 3D printing method based on digital light processing (DLP) technology can transform liquid resin materials into complex 3D models. However, due to the limitations of digital micromirror device (DMD) specifications, the normal DLP 3D printing method (NDPM) cannot simultaneously process large-size and small-feature parts. Therefore, a scalable DLP 3D printing method (SDPM) was proposed. Different printing resolutions for a part were designed by changing the distance between the projector and the molding liquid level. A scalable DLP printer was built to realize the printing resolution requirements at different sizes. A series of experiments were performed. Firstly, the orthogonal experimental method was used, and the minimum and maximum projection distances were obtained as 20.5 cm and 30.5 cm, respectively. Accordingly, the layer thickness, exposure time, and waiting leveling time were 0.08 mm, 3 s, and 6 s and 0.08 mm, 7 s, and 10 s. Secondly, single-layer column feature printing was finished, which was shown to have two minimum printing resolutions of 101 μm and 157 μm at a projection distance of 20.5 cm and 30.5 cm. Thirdly, a shape accuracy test was conducted by using the SDPM. Compared with the NDPM, the shape accuracy of the small-feature round, diamond, and square parts was improved by 49%, 42%, and 2%, respectively. This study verified that the SDPM can build models with features demonstrating high local shape accuracy.
Soil Properties Regulate Soil Microbial Communities During Forest Succession in a Karst Region of Southwest China
Authors: Jiang Shanghua , Song Min , Du Hu , Wang Feng , Song Tongqing , Chen Huijun , Zeng Fuping , Peng Wanxia
Published: October 2024

Natural vegetation restoration has emerged as an effective and rapid approach for ecological restoration in fragile areas. However, the response of soil microorganisms to natural succession remains unclear. To address this, we utilized high-throughput sequencing methods to assess the dynamics of soil bacterial and fungal communities during forest succession (shrubland, secondary forest, and primary forest) in a karst region of Southwest China. Our study revealed that bacterial α-diversity was significantly higher in secondary forest compared to both shrubland and primary forest. Intriguingly, the soil bacterial community in primary forest exhibited a closer resemblance to that in shrubland yet diverged from the community in secondary forest. Conversely, the soil fungal community underwent notable variations across the different forest stages. Furthermore, analysis of the microbial co-occurrence network revealed that, within these karst forests, the relationships among soil fungi were characterized by fewer but stronger interactions compared to those among bacteria. Additionally, soil properties (including pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, moisture, and available potassium), soil microbial biomass (specifically phosphorus and nitrogen), and plant diversity were the drivers of soil bacterial community dynamics. Notably, soil pH accounted for the majority of the variations observed in the soil fungal community during karst forest succession. Our findings provide valuable insights that can inform the formulation of strategies for ecological restoration and biodiversity conservation in karst regions, particularly from a microbial perspective.
Correction: Kommerein et al. Antiplanktonic and Antibiofilm Activity of Rheum palmatum Against Streptococcus oralis and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 965
Authors: Kommerein Nadine , Vierengel Nina , Groß Jonathan , Opatz Till , Al-Nawas Bilal , Müller-Heupt Lena Katharina
Published: October 2024

In the original publication [...]
T-Cell Phenotypes and Systemic Cytokine Profiles of People Living with HIV Admitted to Hospital with COVID-19
Authors: van der Mescht Mieke A. , Steel Helen C. , de Beer Zelda , Masenge Andries , Abdullah Fareed , Ueckermann Veronica , Anderson Ronald , Rossouw Theresa M.
Published: October 2024

Whether SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to a higher mortality and morbidity in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Africa remains inconclusive. In this study, we explored the differences in the T-cell phenotypes between people with and without HIV on the day of admission (V1) and ±7 days later (V2), as well as their cytokine/chemokine profiles on V1. Patients admitted with COVID-19 were recruited between May 2020 and December 2021 from the Steve Biko Academic and Tshwane District Hospitals in Pretoria, South Africa. Of 174 patients, 37 (21%) were PLWH. T-cell profiles were determined by flow cytometry, and cytokine levels were determined using a multiplex suspension bead array. PLWH were significantly younger than those without HIV, and were more likely to be female. In an adjusted analysis, PLWH had higher percentages of CD4+ central memory (CM) programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)+, CD8+ effector memory (EM)2, and CD8+ EM4 CD57+ cells, as well as higher concentrations of interleukin (IL)-35 at admission. PLWH with CD4+ T-cell counts of >200 cells/mm3 had altered CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell profiles, lower levels of systemic inflammation measured by plasma ferritin and PCT levels, and less severe disease. PLWH with CD4+ T-cell counts of <200 cells/mm3 on admission had higher concentrations of IL-6 and lower levels of IL-29. At V2, the percentages of CD4+ CM PD-1+ T-cells and CD8+ EM4 T-cells co-expressing CD57 and PD-1 remained higher in PLWH, while all other CD8+ EM populations were lower. Fewer CD8+ EM T-cells after ±7 days of admission may be indicative of mechanisms inhibiting EM T-cell survival, as indicated by the higher expression of IL-35 and the T-cell maturation arrest observed in PLWH. This profile was not observed in PLWH with severe immunodeficiency, highlighting the need for differentiated care in the broader PLWH population.
Mineralogical Characteristics and Their Usability as Gemstones of Jaspers in Altered Metavolcanics Belonging to the Topçam Formation, Tokat, Turkiye
Authors: Yüzbaşıoğlu Taha Yasin , Kaydu Akbudak İlkay
Published: October 2024

The jaspers located in the Topçam Mountain, Tepeyurt region (Tokat, Turkey), were formed at green-colored metavolcanic levels within Permian–Triassic schists. The sizes of the jaspers generally vary from a few cm to 1.5 m, and their colors vary from grayish–reddish–brownish/blackish tones depending on the increase in the amount of Fe and Mn elements they contain. According to thin section and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis examinations, it was determined that the composition of jaspers includes quartz, hematite, calcite, and pyrite. As stated by the Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF) analysis results, it was observed that the amount of SiO2 in jaspers was 82.5%, and the amount of Fe2O3 was 15.5%. According to Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis results, Fe and Mn impurities, which are thought to cause the color of jaspers, as well as the amount of Fe (6975.5 ppm–46,893.9 ppm–96,431.1 ppm) and the amount of Mn (935.9–3219.7–6040.4 ppm), caused a darkening in color tones (grayish–reddish–brownish/blackish). Cabochon cutting applications were made of jaspers taken from the study area. As a result of these applications, it has been determined that jaspers can be used as gemstones due to their properties, such as their workability, polish retention, and color and light reflection.
Staphylea bumalda Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Regulating Inflammatory Cytokines, Oxidative Stress, and Maintaining Gut Homeostasis
Authors: Wang Lu , Long Sha , Zeng Qi , Dong Wanrong , Li Yaoyao , Su Jiangtao , Chen Yuxin , Zhou Gao
Published: October 2024

Staphylea bumalda is a rare medicine and edible shrub native to the temperate regions of Asia, possessing significant medicinal potential. In this study, the components of S. bumalda tender leaves and buds extract (SBE) were analyzed and identified by HPLC and LC/MS method, and the safety of SBE was evaluated through mouse acute toxicity models. The protective effects of SBE on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice were investigated in terms of inflammatory factor levels, oxidative stress, and gut microorganisms. Results showed that hyperoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isorhoifolin, and rutin were the main components of the extract, and SBE demonstrated good safety in experimental mice. SBE could alleviate weight losing, disease activity index (DAI) raising, and colon shortening in mice. Pathological section results showed that the inflammatory cell infiltration decreased significantly, and the number of goblet cells increased significantly in the SBE group. After SBE treatment, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in serum were significantly decreased, and the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO) in colon tissues were significantly decreased. SBE inhibited gut inflammation by increasing Lactobacillus. In summary, SBE played a therapeutic role in UC mice by relieving colon injury, reducing inflammatory factor levels, and maintaining gut flora homeostasis. SBE is expected to become an auxiliary means to participate in the prevention and treatment of UC.
Nutritional Value Evaluation of New Pea Genotypes (Pisum sativum L.) Based on Their Chemical, Amino Acids and Dietary Fiber Composition
Authors: Fraś Anna , Gzowska Marlena , Wiśniewska Magdalena
Published: October 2024

This research concerned the assessment of the utility value of new pea breeding materials intended for registration in the European Union. The research material consisted of sixteen breeding lines and four reference pea varieties. The evaluation was carried out based on the chemical composition of seeds and its variability within the studied genotypes. The contents of protein, starch, lipids, ash and dietary fiber (DF) were determined. The nutritional value of the protein was assessed in vitro using the value of the limiting amino acid index chemical score (CS) and the integrated essential amino acid index (EAAI). The analyzed pea genotypes were characterized by significant diversity in terms of the content of the tested components. The obtained results combined with the PCA analysis were used to select pea genotypes of the highest quality, having the potential as a raw material for the production of food with health-promoting properties. The effect of the conducted research was the identification of three pea genotypes with the greatest potential in terms of protein content and dietary fiber complex.
Advancements in Carbazole-Based Sensitizers and Hole-Transport Materials for Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Ibrayeva Ayagoz , Abibulla Urker , Imanbekova Zulfiya , Baptayev Bakhytzhan , O’Reilly Robert J. , Balanay Mannix P.
Published: October 2024

Carbazole-based molecules play a significant role in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to their advantageous properties. Carbazole derivatives are known for their thermal stability, high hole-transport capability, electron-rich (p-type) characteristics, elevated photoconductivity, excellent chemical stability, and commercial availability. This review focuses on DSSCs, including their structures, working principles, device characterization, and the photovoltaic performance of carbazole-based derivatives. Specifically, it covers compounds such as 2,7-carbazole and indolo[3,2-b]carbazole, which are combined with various acceptors like benzothiadiazole, thiazolothiazole, diketopyrrolopyrrole, and quinoxaline, as reported over the past decade. The review will also outline the relationship between molecular structure and power-conversion efficiencies. Its goal is to summarize recent research and advancements in carbazole-based dyes featuring a D-π-A architecture for DSSCs. Additionally, this review addresses the evolution of carbazole-based hole-transport materials (HTMs), which present a promising alternative to the costly spiro-OMeTAD. We explore the development of novel HTMs that leverage the unique properties of carbazole derivatives to enhance charge transport, stability, and overall device performance. By examining recent innovations and emerging trends in carbazole-based HTMs, we provide insights into their potential to reduce costs and improve the efficiency of DSSCs.
Degradation of Decabromodiphenyl Ether Dispersed in Poly (Acrylo-Butadiene-Styrene) Using a Rotatory Laboratory Pilot Under UV-Visible Irradiation
Authors: Benmammar Rachida Khadidja , Bouberka Zohra , Malas Christian , Carpentier Yvain , Haider Kawssar Mujtaba , Mundlapati Venkateswara Rao , Ziskind Michael , Focsa Cristian , Khelifi Skander , Poutch Franck , Laoutid Fouad , Supiot Philippe , Foissac Corinne , Maschke Ulrich
Published: October 2024

The growing volume of plastics derived from electronic waste (e-waste) underscores the imperative for environmentally sustainable strategies for the management of this waste. In light of the paramount importance of this issue, a pilot demonstrator for the decontamination of polymers containing Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) has been developed. The objective is to investigate the potential for decontaminating BFR-containing polymers from e-waste via UV-visible irradiation using a rotatory laboratory pilot operating under primary vacuum conditions. This report focuses on binary model blends composed of 90 weight% (wt%) poly(Acrylo-Butadiene-Styrene) (ABS) pellets and 10 wt% Deca-Bromo-Diphenyl Ether (DBDE), which is one of the most toxic BFRs. The efficiency of the irradiation process was evaluated as a function of pellet diameter and irradiation time using Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR) and High-Resolution Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectroscopy (HR-LDI-MS). As a consequence, ABS + DBDE achieved a decontamination efficiency of 97% when irradiated with pellets of less than 1 mm in diameter for a period of 4 h. Additionally, the thermal behavior of the irradiated samples was investigated through thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. It was thus established that the application of UV-visible irradiation had no significant impact on the overall thermal properties of ABS.
Innovative Use of Spirogyra sp. Biomass for the Sustainable Adsorption of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Siri-anusornsak Wipada , Kolawole Oluwatobi , Soiklom Siriwan , Petchpoung Krittaya , Keawkim Kannika , Chuaysrinule Chananya , Maneeboon Thanapoom
Published: October 2024

This research investigates the efficacy of Spirogyra sp. biomass as an effective adsorbent for the removal of AFB1 and OTA from aqueous solutions. Several factors, including contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH level, and initial mycotoxin concentration, were analyzed to evaluate their impact on adsorption efficacy. The optimal contact time for equilibrium was determined at 60 min, during which the TPA obtained a 91% reduction in AFB1 and 68% removal of OTA. Although increasing the adsorbent dosage improved effectiveness, excessive quantities led to particle aggregation, hence diminishing adsorption performance. The optimal dosage of 5.0 mg/mL optimized the efficacy and use of resources. Adsorption was more efficacious at acidic to neutral pH levels (5–6), enhancing the accessibility of functional groups on the biomass. Kinetic analysis indicated that adsorption process followed a pseudo second-order model, whereas isotherm studies demonstrated a heterogeneous adsorption mechanism, with the Freundlich model providing the optimal fit. The TPB exhibited enhanced adsorption capacities for both mycotoxins, offering a viable solution for mitigating mycotoxin contamination in food and feed. These findings illustrate the significance of biomass treatment techniques in improving mycotoxin removal efficacy and suggest the potential of algal biomass in food safety applications.
Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Characterization, and Antioxidant, Protective, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity, of the Polyphenolic Fraction from Ocimum basilicum
Authors: Wójciak Magdalena , Paduch Roman , Drozdowski Piotr , Żuk Magdalena , Wójciak Weronika , Tyszczuk-Rotko Katarzyna , Feldo Marcin , Sowa Ireneusz
Published: October 2024

Ocimum basilicum is a valuable plant widely consumed worldwide and considered a rich source of polyphenols. This study examined the impact of the polyphenolic fraction isolated from basil (ObF) on human normal colon epithelial cells and human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, evaluating its anti-inflammatory and protective activity against oxidative stress. The phytochemical characterization of the fraction was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with a photodiode detector (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS). UPLC-DAD-MS revealed that ObF predominantly contains caffeic acid derivatives, with rosmarinic acid and chicoric acid being the most abundant. The fraction demonstrated high antioxidant potential, as shown by DPPH assays, along with significant reducing power (FRAP). Furthermore, it prevented the depletion of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and catalase, and decreased malonylodialdehyde (MDA) in induced oxidative stress condition. Additionally, it exhibited a significant protective effect against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in human normal colon epithelial cells. Although it had no impact on the viability of adenocarcinoma cells, it significantly reduced IL-1β levels in the neoplastic microenvironment. Our study demonstrated that basil polyphenols provide significant health benefits due to their antioxidant and protective activities.
Toxicokinetics and Tissue Distribution of the Hepatotoxic Triterpenoid Saponin Pterocephin A in Rats Using the Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) Method
Authors: Xiong Yiran , Dong Zhaoyue , Zhou Hongxu , Mao Jingxin , Zeng Lingjiang , Jiang Yunbin , Meng Fancheng , Liao Zhihua , Chen Min
Published: October 2024

Pterocephin A is a natural triterpenoid saponin isolated from Pterocephalus hookeri, a traditional Tibetan medicine with slight toxicity, which can induce liver injury in rats. This study aimed to establish a sensitive and reliable UPLC-MS/MS method for exploring the toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of pterocephin A following single intravenous and intragastric administration. Pterocephin A and prosapogenin 1C (internal standard, IS) were extracted using a simple protein precipitation technique with methanol as the precipitant for plasma samples and methanol/acetonitrile = 1:1 (v/v) for tissue samples. UPLC separation was achieved by gradient elution with 0.3 mL/min and a mobile phase consisting of 5 mM ammonium formate (A) and acetonitrile (B) (0–2 min 30% B; 2–4 min: 30–80% B; 4–5 min: 80–98% B; 5–6.5 min: 98% B; 6.5–7 min: 98–30% B; and 7–8 min: 30% B, v/v) with a column temperature of 35 °C. MS spectrometry adopted negative ion scanning mode, primary MS spectrometry adopted full scan monitoring mode, and secondary MS spectrometry adopted targeted MS2 scan monitoring mode. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.02–15 μg/mL for pterocephin A in biological samples, with the low limit of quantification set at 0.02 μg/mL. Non-compartmental toxicokinetic parameters indicated that pterocephin A was well absorbed into the systemic circulation and had a long residual time after intravenous (10 mg/kg) and intragastric (60 mg/kg) administration, as it could still be detected after 72 h. Tissue distribution analysis revealed detectable levels of pterocephin A in various tissues, and a high concentration was maintained in the liver after intravenous (10 mg/kg) administration, with the highest concentration being 610.95 ± 25.73 ng/mL and a specific distribution pattern of liver > lung > kidney > intestine > spleen > testes > heart > stomach. The toxicokinetic process and tissue distribution characteristics of pterocephin A were expounded in this study, which can provide relevant data support for further research and clinical application of pterocephin A with its slight toxicity.
Current State of Serious Games in Human Trafficking: Evaluation, Gaps, and Future Research Directions
Authors: Noorbehbahani Fakhroddin , Fung Kingson , Oyibo Kiemute
Published: October 2024

Addressing human trafficking is crucial due to its severe impact on human rights, dignity, and well-being. Serious games refer to digital games that are designed to entertain while also accomplishing at least one additional objective, such as learning or health promotion. Serious games play a significant role in raising awareness, training professionals, fostering empathy, and advocating for policy improvements related to human trafficking. In this study, we systematically examine and assess the current landscape of serious games addressing human trafficking to unveil the existing state, pinpoint gaps, and propose future research avenues. Our investigation encompassed academic publications, gray literature, and commercial games related to human trafficking. Furthermore, we conducted a thorough review of evaluation criteria and heuristics for the comprehensive assessment of serious games. Subsequently, incorporating these evaluation metrics and heuristics, the games were subjected to evaluation by both players and experts. Following a combined qualitative and quantitative analysis, the results were deliberated upon, and their implications were expounded. Five serious games related to human trafficking were identified and evaluated using the SGES and EGameFlow scales, along with both game-specific and serious game heuristics. Player and expert evaluations ranked “(Un)TRAFFICKED” and “Missing” as the best-performing games, while “SAFE Travel” received the lowest ratings. Players generally rated the games higher than experts, particularly in usability, feedback, and goal clarity, although the games scored poorly in audiovisual quality and relevance. Experts highlighted deficiencies in motivation, challenge, and learning outcomes. The lack of personalization and the absence of social gaming elements point to the need for more targeted human trafficking games adapted to different demographics, cultures, and player types.
Hierarchical Heterojunctions of Metal Sulfide WS2 Nanosheets/Metal Oxide In2O3 Nanofibers for an Efficient Detection of Formaldehyde
Authors: Zhu Lei , Zhang Jiaxin , Wang Jianan , Liu Jianwei , Yan Wei
Published: October 2024

The construction of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) heterojunctions for high-performance gas sensors has garnered significant attention due to their capacity to operate at low temperatures. Herein, we realize two-dimensional (2D) WS2 nanosheets in situ grown on one-dimensional (1D) In2O3 nanofibers to form heterostructures for formaldehyde (HCHO) gas sensors. Capitalizing on the p-n heterojunctions formed between WS2 and In2O3, coupled with the high surface-to-volume ratio characteristic of 1D nanostructures, the WS2/In2O3 NFs sensor demonstrated an elevated gas response of 12.6 toward 100 ppm HCHO at 140 °C, surpassing the performance of the pristine In2O3 sensor by a factor of two. Meanwhile, the sensor presents remarkable repeatability, rapid response/recovery speed, and good long-term stability. The superior sensing capabilities of WS2/In2O3 NFs heterojunction are attributed to the combined impact of the increased charge transfer and the presence of more sites for gas adsorption. The research endows a potent approach for fabricating TMD heterojunctions to significantly enhance the gas sensing properties of gas sensors at relatively low temperatures.
Selective Plasmonic Responses of Chiral Metamirrors
Authors: Li Chang-Ruei , Liao Yu-Wei , Bikbaev Rashid G. , Yang Jhen-Hong , Chen Lu-Hsing , Maksimov Dmitrii N. , Pankin Pavel S. , Timofeev Ivan V. , Chen Kuo-Ping
Published: October 2024

The properties of circularly polarized light has recently been used to selectively reflect chiral metasurfaces. Here we report the more complete basic functionalities of reflectors and absorbers that display various optical phenomena under circularly polarized light at normal incidence as before. For the chiral metamirrors we designed, the circular dichroism in about 0.4 reflection is experimentally observed in visible wavelengths. The experimental results also show high reflectance for right-handed circular polarization with preserved handedness and strongly absorbed left-handed circular polarization at chiroptical resonant wavelengths. By combining a nanobrick and wire grating for our design, we find and offer a new structure to demonstrate the superposition concept of the phase in the same plane that is helpful in effectively designing chiral metamirrors, and could advance development of their ultracompact optical components.
Emerging Nanomaterials for Drinking Water Purification: A New Era of Water Treatment Technology
Authors: Elhenawy Salma , Khraisheh Majeda , AlMomani Fares , Al-Ghouti Mohammad , Selvaraj Rengaraj , Al-Muhtaseb Ala’a
Published: October 2024

The applications of nanotechnology in the field of water treatment are rapidly expanding and have harvested significant attention from researchers, governments, and industries across the globe. This great interest stems from the numerous benefits, properties, and capabilities that nanotechnology offers in addressing the ever-growing challenges related to water quality, availability, and sustainability. This review paper extensively studies the applications of several nanomaterials including: graphene and its derivative-based adsorbents, CNTs, TiO2 NPs, ZnO NPs, Ag NPs, Fe NPs, and membrane-based nanomaterials in the purification of drinking water. This, it is hoped, will provide the water treatment sector with efficient materials that can be applied successfully in the water purification process to help in addressing the worldwide water scarcity issue.
Magnesium and Potassium Supplementation for Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction in the General Normotensive Population: A Systematic Review and Subgroup Meta-Analysis for Optimal Dosage and Treatment Length
Authors: Behers Benjamin J. , Behers Brett M. , Stephenson-Moe Christoph A. , Vargas Ian A. , Meng Zhuo , Thompson Anthony J. , Melchor Julian , Wojtas Caroline N. , Rosario Manuel A. , Baker Joel F. , Deevers Alexander C. , Mouratidis Roxann W. , Sweeney Michael J.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Studies have shown that consistent reductions of 2 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (SBP) for the general normotensive population can result in significant decreases in mortality from heart disease and stroke. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the optimal dose and duration of treatment for magnesium and potassium supplementation, having previously discovered that both reduce SBP by −2.79 and −2.10 mm Hg, respectively. Methods: Placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials examining the effects of magnesium and potassium supplementation on SBP were identified. Pairwise meta-analyses with subgroups for dosage and treatment duration were run. Results: Magnesium at dosages of ≤360 mg/day and durations greater than 3 months reduced SBP by −3.03 and −4.31 mm Hg, respectively. Potassium at dosages of ≤60 mmol/day and durations greater than 1 month reduced SBP by −2.34 and −2.80 mm Hg, respectively. Conclusions: Both supplements demonstrated greater reductions in SBP for the general population at lower dosages and longer treatment durations. Future studies are needed to validate these findings and provide tailored recommendations. These studies could investigate varying dosages over long-term follow-up to provide robust data on optimal dosages and treatment durations, as our findings were limited due to reliance on previously published trials.
Selenium, Immunity, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Sousa James A. , McKay Derek M. , Raman Maitreyi
Published: October 2024

Dietary intervention is a subject of growing interest in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as new incident cases across the globe are rapidly rising, suggesting environmental factors as contributing elements. Dietary components and micronutrients have been associated with IBD pathogenesis or reductions in disease severity. Selenium, a diet-derived essential micronutrient that is important for proper immune system function, has received limited attention in the context of IBD. Selenium deficiency is a common finding in patients with IBD, but few clinical trials have been published to address the consequences of this deficiency. Here, we review the physiological and immunological roles of selenium and its putative role in IBD, and draw attention to knowledge gaps and unresolved issues, with the goal of stimulating more research on selenium in IBD.