ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE TOWARDS OSTEOPOROSIS SCREENING AMONG PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PHYSICIANS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS IN MAKKAH AL-MOKARRAMAH CITY, 2023. (ACROSS SECTIONAL STUDY)
Authors:   Family Medicine Consultant, Directorate of Health Affairs, Makkah Al Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia., Awad Eid Aljohani Dalia , Abdulrahman Alharbi Rayan ,   General Practitioner, Directorate of Health Affairs, Makkah Al Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia., Adel Atik Mohammed ,   Family Medicine Resident, East Jeddah Governmental Hospital, Saudi Arabia., Yahya Zakri Arwa ,   Specialist Nursing, Directorate of Health Affairs, Makkah Al Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia., Salman Almajnoni Fahad ,   Register Nurse, Directorate of Health Affairs, Makkah Al Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia., Maid Albajaly Juman ,   Senior Specialist Healthcare Management, Directorate of Health Affairs, Makkah Al Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia.
Published: November 2023

Background:Osteoporosis, a silent disease characterized by decreased bone density and increased fracture risk, poses a significant public health challenge. This study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Primary Health Care (PHC) physicians in MakkahAl-Mokarramah regarding osteoporosis screening. Osteoporosis is a multifactorial skeletal disorder with increasing prevalence, especially in regions with an aging population, such as Saudi Arabia. Understanding the current state of awareness and practices among PHC physicians is essential for early detection and intervention. Method:This study employs a cross-sectional design and targets PHC physicians in Makkah Al-Mokarramah in 2023. The sample size was calculated, and participants were selected through simple random sampling. Data was collected using a structured electronic questionnaire with sections on demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to osteoporosis screening. Results: The study focused on PHC physicians, with a significant proportion below the age of 30 and a university-level education. The gender distribution was nearly even, with a focus on both males and females. Regarding knowledge, the majority of participants exhibited adequate knowledge (58%) of osteoporosis, while 19.2% had poor knowledge, and 22.8% had proper knowledge. There were notable knowledge gaps, especially among those with poor knowledge. Regarding attitude,most participants believed that osteoporosis is a major health concern (85.2%) and that it is preventable (83.6%). Confidence in screening and managing osteoporosis varied based on knowledge levels, with those having proper knowledge expressing the highest confidence. Regarding practice, the study revealed variations in participants practices related to osteoporosis, including calcium and vitamin D supplementation, physiotherapy recommendations, participation in continuous medical education, and the use of tools like FRAX. Conclusion: The study reveals that while there is general awareness of osteoporosis, there are significant knowledge gaps among PHC physicians. Attitudes toward prevention are positive, but these attitudes must be translated into concrete practices, such as improved dietary habits and physical activity. We recommend further research initiatives and calls for both government and non-government organizations to intensify their efforts in promoting preventive programs, particularly tailored to the needs of the population. Overall, the study contributes to the understanding of osteoporosis awareness and behaviors, offering a foundation for public health interventions in this domain.