bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved solution to CMB quadrupole problem using ellipsoidal universes with Chaplygin gas
Authors: Abdelali Mohamed Lamine , Mebarki Noureddine
Published: December 2024

A Universe containing uniform magnetic fields, strings, or domain walls is shown to have an ellipsoidal expansion. This case has motivations from observational cosmology especially the anomaly concerning the low quadrupole amplitude compared to the best-fit [Formula: see text]CDM prediction in Planck data. It is shown that a Universe with eccentricity at decoupling of order [Formula: see text] can reduce the quadrupole amplitude without affecting higher multipoles of the angular power spectrum of the temperature anisotropy. We study the evolution of ellipsoidal Universes using dynamical system techniques for the first time. The determined critical points vary between saddle and past attractors depending on dark energy state equation parameter [Formula: see text], with no future attractors. Important results are shown with numerical integrations of this dynamical system done using several initial conditions. For instance, a tendency for high expansion differences between planar and perpendicular axes is observed which contradicts previous assumption on the evolution behavior of ellipsoid Universes. Considering dark energy as a Chaplygin gas solves this contradiction by controlling cosmic shear evolution.
The novel quadratic-phase wavelet transform in the Clifford-valued domain
Authors: Rafiq Shahbaz , Younus Bhat M. , Zayed Mohra
Published: December 2024

To represent Clifford-valued signals more efficiently in the time–frequency domain, we establish the notion of novel integral transform known as Clifford quadratic-phase wavelet transform (CQPWT) by invoking the convolution theory associated with the Clifford quadratic-phase Fourier transform (CQPFT). We begin our discussion by establishing the definition of CQPWT and some fundamental properties, few of them include linearity, translation, and parity. We then proceed to the derivation of some mathematical formulae including the orthogonality relation, inversion formula, and reproducing kernel by formulating the relationship between the CQPFT and Clifford Fourier transform (CFT) of an analyzing function. We then investigate the Heisenberg’s and logarithmic uncertainty principles corresponding to the proposed transform. Finally, we conclude our discussion by displaying the validity of transform via illustrative examples.
Diagnostic Accuracy and Value of CXCR4-targeted PET/MRI Using 68Ga-Pentixafor for Tumor Localization in Cushing Disease
Authors: Wu Yue , Wu Yanfei , Yao Boyuan , Ren Shuhua , Wu Shiman , Rui Wenting , He Min , Zhang Shuo , Yu Yifei , Ye Hongying , Zhang Zhaoyun , Ye Zhen , Han Rui , Qiao Nidan , Zhang Yichao , Yu Xuejie , Ma Zengyi , Wang Yongfei , Zhao Yao , Guan Yihui , Xie Fang , Zhang Qilin , Yao Zhenwei
Published: December 2024

In a prospective study involving 43 participants with Cushing disease, the incorporation of gallium 68 (68Ga) pentixafor PET/MRI demonstrated promising sensitivity, which was higher than contrast-enhanced MRI alone in localizing adrenocorticotropic hormone–secreting pituitary tumors.
Efficient Alkali Sludge Treatment Technology Based on Polymer Flocculants
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wang Wenda , Zhang Jianmin
Published: December 2024

This study provides a detailed introduction to efficient alkali slag treatment technologies. First, it discusses the technical challenges faced in the resourceful utilization of alkali slag, such as the presence of various soluble salts that can decrease the layer strength, as well as its small particle size and high viscosity. Second, it introduces the key role of flocculants in the treatment of alkaline slag, including the charge neutralization and double‐layer compression of polyaluminum chloride (PAC), as well as the adsorption and bridging effects of polyacrylamide (PAM). It then describes how the treatment process—comprised of extraction, modification, flocculation, and dewatering stages—achieves harmless treatment and resourceful utilization of alkali slag. Finally, the advantages of efficient alkali slag treatment technology, which include a considerable reduction in the salt content of the alkali slag, improved viscosity, and effective harmless treatment, are discussed. This technology is more advanced, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable than traditional technologies. Consequently, the promotion and application of this technology can reduce environmental pollution and achieve sustainable resource utilization.
Generalized Epileptic Seizures in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva Harboring a Recurrent Heterozygous Variant of the ACVR1 Gene (R206H)
Authors: Mishima Kenichi , Kitoh Hiroshi , Shiraki Anna , Sawamura Kenta , Kamiya Yasunari , Matsushita Masaki , Imagama Shiro
Published: December 2024

Background: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra‐rare disorder caused by heterozygous ACVR1 pathogenic variants and is characterized by both progressive heterotopic ossification of the soft tissues and congenital malformations of the great toe. In addition to pathological skeletal metamorphosis, patients with FOP experience diverse neurological symptoms such as chronic pain and involuntary movements; however, little is known about the association between FOP and epileptic seizures.

Methods: We report the case of a young boy with FOP who sustained multiple major fractures due to epileptic loss of consciousness.

Results: Based on generalized electroencephalographic abnormalities and the presence of myoclonic movements, the patient was diagnosed with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. The absence of seizures was well‐controlled with valproic acid, whereas occasional abrupt myoclonic movements of the hands and feet persisted.

Conclusion: This case expands our understanding of the phenotypic diversity of FOP and the functional versatility of ACVR1‐mediated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling.
Investigation of Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Starch Nanobiocomposite Film Reinforced With Silver Nanoparticles and Salvia Extract
Authors: Sepahvand Parisa , Khorramabadi Mahdi Karami , Dousti Behrooz
Published: December 2024

Biocompatible nanobiocomposites, made of a biopolymer matrix reinforced with inorganic or organic fillers in nanodimensions, are used in food packaging to preserve food and extend its shelf life through their antibacterial qualities. And they reduce and resolve biological problems. This work examined the mechanical and antibacterial characteristics of a starch nanobiocomposites supplemented with silver metal nanoparticles and salvia plant extract. Using the casting procedure, samples containing salvia plant extract and silver nanoparticles at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% were created, and antibacterial tests were performed on the microorganisms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, to test their mechanical characteristics such as thickness, tensile test, swelling, water vapor transmission, and the transmission and absorption of visible and ultraviolet light. The enhanced intermolecular interaction between the starch matrix, salvia extract, and silver nanoparticles was shown by the FTIR spectra. The distribution of nanoparticles in the nanobiocomposite film is clearly visible in the SEM pictures. The results of this study demonstrated that nanobiocomposite films made of starch, silver, and salvia extract nanoparticles had better mechanical qualities and were more successful in preventing bacterial growth than pure starch films. This finding is supported by the possibility of using biocomposite films in antimicrobial food packaging.
Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐1α Modulates the Toll‐Like Receptor 4/Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling Pathway in Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Zhang Yunfei , Yan Mei , Yue Yingbin , Cheng Yongfeng
Published: December 2024

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease observed in premature infants, characterized by intestinal ischemia and inflammation. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α), a master regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia and ischemia, plays a critical role in NEC pathogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms by which HIF‐1α influences the intestines in NEC remain poorly understood. Herein, we aimed to explore the role of HIF‐1α in NEC using a transgenic mouse model. We induced NEC in neonatal mice from postnatal day 5 to 9, and various parameters, including intestinal injury, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation, and apoptosis, were assessed. The results confirmed that the absence of intestinal epithelial HIF‐1α increased the susceptibility of mice to NEC‐induced intestinal injury, as evidenced by increased oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and inhibition of proliferation. Additionally, we observed an upregulation of the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway specifically in the intestines of mice lacking HIF‐1α in IECs (HIF‐1αΔIEC) with NEC. These findings provide crucial insights into the role of HIF‐1α in regulating intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation to maintain intestinal homeostasis, highlighting its association with the TLR4–NF‐κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, these insights might lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of NEC.
Correlation Between Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio and Inhospital Cardiac Events in Geriatric Patients With Hip Fractures
Authors: Yu Miaomiao , Cui Zhen , Bai Ying
Published: December 2024

Background: The novel inflammatory biomarker known as the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has shown great potential in predicting and prognosing many diseases. However, its correlation with postoperative inhospital major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in geriatric patients with hip fractures remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between NLR and postoperative inhospital MACEs among geriatric patients with hip fractures.

Methods: We enrolled geriatric patients with hip fractures who were hospitalized in the Department of Geriatric Traumatology and Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, between January 2023 and November 2023. After surgery, the patients were transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) for postoperative monitoring and treatment. Patients were assigned to the MACE or non‐MACE group based on the occurrence of MACEs after surgery during their hospital stay. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: In all, 216 patients were recruited into the study: 34 in the MACE group and 182 in the non‐MACE group. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that a medical history of stroke (odds ratio (OR) = 2.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18–6.01; p = 0.018) and elevated preoperative NLR (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.03–1.17; p = 0.005) were significant risk factors for postoperative inhospital MACEs. The area under the curve (AUC) of preoperative NLR‐predicted MACEs was 0.65 (0.55–0.75). Patients with a preoperative NLR <6.49 were less likely to experience inhospital MACEs, demonstrating a sensitivity of 61.8% and specificity of 64.8%.

Conclusion: Elevated preoperative NLR is an independent risk factor for postoperative inhospital MACEs in geriatric patients with hip fractures.
Supplemental Material from Trastuzumab Deruxtecan with Nivolumab in HER2-Expressing Metastatic Breast or Urothelial Cancer: Analysis of the Phase Ib DS8201-A-U105 Study
Authors: Hamilton Erika , Galsky Matthew D. , Ochsenreither Sebastian , Del Conte Gianluca , Martín Miguel , De Miguel Maria José , Yu Evan Y. , Williams Anja , Gion Maria , Tan Antoinette R. , Agrawal Laila , Rutten Annemie , Machiels Jean-Pascal , Cresta Sara , Debruyne Philip R. , Hennequin Audrey , Moreno Victor , Minchom Anna , Valdes-Albini Frances , Petrylak Daniel , Li Li , Tsuchihashi Zenta , Suto Fumitaka , Cheng Fu-Chih , Kandil Maha , Barrios Daniel , Hurvitz Sara
Published: December 2024

Supplemental Material
Navigating Gynecological Oncology with Different Versions of ChatGPT: A Transformative Breakthrough or the Next Black Box Challenge?
Authors: Güngör Nur Dokuzeylül , Esen Fatih Sinan , Taşçı Tolga , Güngör Kağan , Cil Kaan
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The study evaluates the performance of large language model (LLM) versions of ChatGPT—ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and ChatGPT-Omni—in addressing inquiries related to the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological cancers, including ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers.
Methods: A total of 804 questions were equally distributed across four categories: True/False, Multiple-Choice, Open-Ended, and Case-scenario, with each question type representing varying levels of complexity. Performance was assessed using a six-point Likert scale, focusing on accuracy, completeness, and alignment with established clinical guidelines.
Results: For True/False queries, ChatGPT-Omni achieved accuracy rates of 100% for easy, 98% for medium, and 97% for complicated questions, higher than ChatGPT-4 (94%, 90%, 85%) and ChatGPT-3.5 (90%, 85%, 80%) (p=0.041, 0.023, 0.014, respectively). In Multiple-Choice, ChatGPT-Omni maintained superior accuracy with 100% for easy, 98% for medium, and 93% for complicated queries, compared to ChatGPT-4 (92%, 88%, 80%) and ChatGPT-3.5 (85%, 80%, 70%) (p=0.035, 0.028, 0.011). For Open-Ended questions, ChatGPT-Omni had mean Likert scores of 5.8 for easy, 5.5 for medium, and 5.2 for complex levels, outperforming ChatGPT-4 (5.4, 5.0, 4.5) and ChatGPT-3.5 (5.0, 4.5, 4.0) (p=0.037, 0.026, 0.015). Similar trends were observed in Case-Scenario questions, where ChatGPT-Omni achieved scores of 5.6, 5.3, and 4.9 for easy, medium, and hard levels, respectively (p=0.017, 0.008, 0.012).
Conclusions: ChatGPT-Omni exhibited superior performance in responding to clinical queries related to gynecological cancers, underscoring its potential utility as a decision-support tool and an educational resource in clinical practice.
Pharmaco-Invasive Strategy With Half-Dose Tenecteplase in Patients With STEMI: Prespecified Pooled Analysis of Patients Aged ≥75 Years in STREAM-1 and 2
Authors: Bainey Kevin R. , Welsh Robert C. , Zheng Yinggan , Arias-Mendoza Alexandra , Ristic Arsen D. , Averkov Oleg V. , Lambert Yves , Kerr Saraiva José F. , Sepulveda Pablo , Rosell-Ortiz Fernando , French John K. , Musić Ljilja B. , Temple Tracy , Ly Eric , Bogaerts Kris , Sinnaeve Peter R. , Danays Thierry , Westerhout Cynthia M. , Van de Werf Frans , Armstrong Paul W. ,   on behalf of the STREAM-2 Investigators
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

In STREAM-1 (Strategic Reperfusion Early After Myocardial Infarction), excess intracranial hemorrhage occurred in patients aged ≥75 years receiving full-dose tenecteplase as part of a pharmaco-invasive strategy, whereas no further intracranial hemorrhage occurred after halving the tenecteplase dose. In STREAM-2 (Second Strategic Reperfusion Early After Myocardial Infarction), half-dose tenecteplase was an effective and safe pharmaco-invasive strategy in older patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction presenting within <3 hours, compared with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We prespecified evaluating the efficacy and safety of a half-dose versus full-dose pharmaco-invasive strategy and compared the half-dose pharmaco-invasive strategy to primary PCI in patients aged ≥75 years.

METHODS:

We pooled data sets in patients aged ≥75 years from STREAM-1 and STREAM-2 receiving a pharmaco-invasive strategy versus primary PCI. Resolution of ST-segment–elevation after fibrinolysis and angiography was assessed, as was the relative risk of the primary composite of 30-day all-cause death, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and shock, along with bleeding.

RESULTS:

A total of 390 patients were included: 42 patients were randomized to full-dose pharmaco-invasive treatment, 205 patients to half-dose pharmaco-invasive treatment, and 143 patients to primary PCI. Half-dose versus full-dose pharmaco-invasive treatment resulted in similar proportions of patients achieving ≥50% ST-segment resolution posttenecteplase (63.2% versus 62.6%), with reduced intracranial hemorrhage (7.1% versus 0%, respectively). Half-dose pharmaco-invasive treatment and primary PCI also had similar proportions of patients with ≥50% ST-segment resolution postangiography (77.9% versus 72.4%;
P
=0.277) and comparable composite end points (23.4% versus 28.0%; relative risk, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.62–1.30];
P
=0.567) without occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage.

CONCLUSIONS:

Comparable efficacy exists between half- and full-dose tenecteplase pharmaco-invasive treatments with improved safety in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction aged ≥75 years. Half-dose pharmaco-invasive therapy is a legitimate therapeutic option for elderly patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction unable to access timely primary PCI.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00623623. URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02777580.
The Jesuit China Mission in an Italian Frame
Authors: Catto Michela
Published: December 2024

In recent decades, global history studies devoted specifically to the Society of Jesus have contributed significantly to research on missions and the emergence of the concept of global Christianity. In the absence of a prevailing political and economic role played by the Italian Peninsula in the Early Modern Age, the Papacy acted with its universal body and offshoots consisting of missionaries; through these, Rome projected itself into the spaces of global politics and intellectual discussions. The Papacy and Society of Jesus, both global institutions based in Rome, found themselves at odds in dealing with many of the issues raised by journeys in other continents. These include the controversy of Chinese rites, a question this article addresses once again setting off from Rome and the debates that took place as the Papacy prepared to condemn these rites.
Germinated finger millet supplemented with dry maize cob is a promising diet for the farming of edible grasshopper, Ruspolia differens
Authors: Acur A. , Malinga G.M. , Eilenberg J. , Alemu M.H. , Valtonen A. , Roos N. , Nyeko P.
Published: December 2024

The edible grasshopper, Ruspolia differens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) is food and a source of income for many people in East Africa. Recent laboratory experiments have succeeded in rearing them on germinated finger millet (GFM). However, long-term mass production on such a feed would be costly. Incorporating inexpensive and locally abundant agricultural byproducts into GFM could be another option to lower the production cost while maximising its profits. We experimentally evaluated the effect of blending GFM with 25%, 50%, or 75% by weights of three agricultural byproducts (soybean hull meal, local brew waste and dry maize cob) on the survival, developmental period, adult wet weight and reproductive performance of R. differens. A total of 390 R. differens were reared individually on each of the dietary treatments, including GFM as control, till death. Data was analysed using generalised linear models. Overall, the R. differens performed optimally on GFM supplemented with dry maize cob, and poorly on GFM supplemented with soybean hull meal. However, performance varied across supplementation levels with dry maize cob. GFM supplemented with 25% dry maize cob yielded the highest overall survival (86.2%) and highest 14-day-old male adult wet weight (0.54 g). While the shortest overall developmental period (86.8 days), highest fledgling adult wet weight (0.53 g), and highest 14-day-old female adult wet weight (0.82 g) were observed on GFM supplemented with 50% dry maize cob. Supplementing GFM with 75% dry maize cob resulted in the shortest pre-oviposition period (10.6 days) and the highest percentage hatchability (82.7%). Generally, supplementing GFM with dry maize cob greatly improves the performance of R. differens. Our findings recommend including dry maize cob on the list of low-cost substrates for the farming of this endangered valuable edible insect species.
Depolicing in Chicago: Contrasting Patrol Officer and Specialized Unit Activity in the Aftermath of the Laquan McDonald Video Release
Authors: McCarty William P. , Muchow Ashley N. , Burke Patrick , St. Louis Ermus , Moreno Rafael
Published: December 2024

The release of video showing a Chicago Police Department (CPD) officer fatally shooting 17-year-old Laquan McDonald resulted in widespread outrage and scrutiny of the CPD. This study examines whether the video’s release influenced arrest and traffic stop rates in Chicago. It adds to the existing depolicing literature through its focus on the CPD’s specialized units contrasted with officers assigned to patrol. The results indicate that arrest rates decreased significantly after the video was released, but only for officers assigned to specialized units. The video release had no significant impact on traffic stop rates. Additional analyses demonstrate that the significant reductions in arrest rates for specialized units were somewhat more pronounced in police districts with less than a majority of Black residents.
Causes of care discontinuity in chronic outpatient care: A mixed method case study
Authors: Vehkamäki Anu , Vesinurm Märt , Helminen Riina-Riitta , Halminen Olli , Lillrank Paul
Published: December 2024

Background

While health systems are primarily designed for acute health issues, managing life-long conditions often results in chronic care discontinuity. This refers to situations where a chronic patient’s planned care fails to actualise.

Research Design

This study descriptively explores the reasons behind chronic care discontinuity in outpatient care.

Data Collection

Data was collected via interviews and a focus group with healthcare professionals, and a patient survey specifically targeting chronic abdominal patients.

Analysis

Using grounded theorising the Discontinuity of Chronic Care (DoCC) framework was developed, to identify and categorise reasons behind chronic care discontinuity.

Results

The framework reveals that reasons for discontinuity can be largely divided into healthcare system related factors—including caregiver, technological, and process challenges—and patient-related factors such as situational and internal psychological challenges.

Conclusions

The DoCC-framework provides a valuable tool for analysing various patient processes, offering healthcare managers insights to improve the management of chronic patient journeys. Additionally, it guides healthcare professionals to better focus their development efforts on challenges they have the capacity to address.
Metabolic Syndrome and Its Impact on Bone and Joint Health: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Vaish Abhishek , Vaishya Raju , Iyengar Karthikeyan P.
Published: December 2024

Objective:

To explore the complex relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders, highlighting the impact of MetS on bone and joint health, and to propose effective management strategies for improving patient outcomes.

Methods:

This comprehensive review involved an extensive literature search conducted on 17 September 2024, utilising scientific databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The search, focused on articles published in English and pertaining to humans, employed Boolean operators and MeSH terms ‘MSK’, ‘metabolic diseases’, ‘diabetes’ and ‘osteoporosis’.

Results:

MetS, characterised by obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance (IR), and hypertension, is closely associated with a variety of MSK disorders including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and tendinopathy, among others. These conditions exacerbate MetS symptoms, creating a feedback loop that complicates patient management. The review identifies both common and rare metabolic and genetic disorders contributing to MSK issues, emphasising the intricate interplay between metabolic dysfunctions and MSK health. Special attention is given to the MSK manifestations of prevalent metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, gout, and osteoporosis, underscoring their significant impact on quality of life.

Conclusion:

Understanding the relationship between MetS and MSK disorders is crucial for the development of holistic management strategies. The review suggests that addressing the root metabolic issues alongside direct treatment of MSK symptoms can significantly improve patient outcomes. Future research should focus on integrated care approaches that offer hope and optimism for individuals facing these interconnected challenges.
Apolipoprotein and peripheral artery disease: Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Wan Chen-Xin , Gong Yu-Shu , Xu Tao
Published: December 2024

Background

The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is on the rise globally, leading to adverse clinical outcomes. Our aim was to investigate the causal relationship between apolipoprotein and PAD, as well as the potential mediating role of smoking, diabetes, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke.

Methods

We employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) to assess the causal effect of apoB/A1 on the risk of PAD and potential mediators (smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke), as well as the causal effect of those mediators on PAD. The use of multivariate MR (MVMR) allowed us to explore and quantify the mediating role of these factors in the causal association between apoB/A1 and the risk of PAD.

Results

Our MR analysis showed that each standard deviation increase in apoB/A1 increased the risk of PAD by 46% (OR = 1.460, 95% CI: 1.255–1.697, P = 8.74E-07). Hypertension, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke were ultimately recognized as the mediators of the causal relationship between apoB/A1 and PAD, explaining 7.5%, 19.7%, and 62.5% of the causal effect, respectively, and the proportion combined of the three together was 81%.

Conclusions

These studies demonstrated that elevated apoB/A1 increases the risk of developing PAD and that this association may be mediated by hypertension, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke.
Real-world comparison of palbociclib, abemaciclib, and dalpiciclib as first-line treatments for Chinese HR+/HER2−metastatic breast cancer patients: a multicenter study (YOUNGBC-28)
Authors: Chen Yifan , Xie Yizhao , Sang Die , Xie Ning , Han Xinhua , Zhao Yanxia , Li Juanjuan , Yue Jian , Yuan Peng , Wang Biyun
Published: December 2024

Background:

In recent years, the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and endocrine therapy (ET) has emerged as the standard first-line treatment for hormone receptor positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2−) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. However, the comparison between the efficacy of CDK4/6i has been poorly explored before. Moreover, it remains unclear about the optimal choice of CDK4/6i in the first-line treatment for HR+/HER2− MBC patients in Asian, especially Chinese populations.

Objectives:

Our study aims to compare the efficacy of three CDK4/6i widely used in the Chinese population (palbociclib, abemaciclib, and dalpiciclib) in the real world.

Design:

From 2020 to 2023, the medical records of patients diagnosed with HR+/HER2− MBC were retrospectively assessed in seven institutions in China. Patients who received first-line palbociclib, abemaciclib, or dalpiciclib plus ET were included.

Methods:

Demographic and clinical data were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate were used to analyze the clinical outcome.

Results:

In total, 209 HR+/HER2− MBC patients were eligible for this study. Eighty-eight (42.1%), 79 (37.8%), and 42 (20.1%) patients were administered first-line palbociclib, abemaciclib, or dalpiciclib plus ET. The overall median rwPFS was 19 months, with no significant difference between these three CDK4/6i ( p = 0.84). The results were similar even after propensity score matching. The median OS was not reached. Cox univariate and multivariate regression analysis identified that higher KI67 index, liver metastasis, and primary endocrine resistance were independent risk factors for rwPFS in patients with initial CDK4/6i plus ET.

Conclusion:

This study presents a comparison of the real-world efficacy between three CDK4/6i widely used in the Chinese population. Palbociclib, abemaciclib, and dalpiciclib demonstrated comparable efficacy in Chinese patients with advanced HR+/HER2− MBC.

Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06344780.
Social-emotional learning and skills development in pre-school aged children attending playgroup in Australia: A scoping review of the perceived benefits
Authors: Mosby Vinnitta , Mensinga Jo
Published: December 2024

Play is fundamental to childhood development, fostering social skills and behaviours essential for school readiness in children. The aim of this scoping review was to explore the benefits of play and the social and emotional learning and skills development that occur in pre-school aged children (0–5) attending playgroups in Australia. The initial focus was on playgroups for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, but a dearth of literature meant that the scope was extended to all Australian playgroups. A methodological search of various databases was undertaken. Articles were included if they focused on the benefits of playgroup attendance and included first-person voice. Nine studies met the final inclusion criteria. Five studies were child-focused, and all nine focused on the general benefits of playgroups. A summary of the articles was compared to the wider literature. The findings suggest that playgroups provide valuable opportunities for children to develop age-appropriate skills and behaviours.
Social Media Users’ Motives for (Not) Engaging With Hate Speech: An Explorative Investigation
Authors: Schmid Ursula Kristin , Kümpel Anna Sophie , Rieger Diana
Published: December 2024

Despite extensive research on what causes social media users to recognize hate speech and what motivates their reactions to it, little is known about a crucial intermediate step that leads to users’ engagement or non-engagement with hate speech online. In our study, drawing on the uses and gratifications approach, we theoretically derived motives representing affective and entertainment, personal identity and social-integrative as well as cognitive dimensions for social media users to engage or not engage with hate speech. To empirically investigate those motives, we conducted a quota-based online survey of adult social media users in Germany ( N = 4,020) and subjected the responses to exploratory factor analysis. We found that a range of personal and social gratifications, far beyond simple expressions of approval or disapproval, encourage social media users to engage with hate speech online, whereas intentions to protect oneself and others from potential harm discourage such behavior.
Green synthesis and multifaceted applications: challenges and innovations in carbon dot nanocomposites
Authors: Varadharajan S. , Vasanthan Kirthanashri S. , Mathur Vidhi , Hariperumal N. , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: December 2024

This paper describes the potential of carbon dot nanocomposites (CDs) synthesized from waste materials by top-down and bottom-up state-of-the-art approaches. Through sustainable practices, wastes are converted into valuable nanomaterials, solving environmental problems and pioneering advances in nanotechnology. In this paper, an overview of the synthesis aspects of CDs is presented with the formation of their versatile nanocomposites and metal/metal oxide elements. The phase of this paper has been devoted to elaborate study of the multifaceted applications of CDs in various sectors, ranging from electronics and biomedicine to environmental remediation. Although having huge potential, CDs application is presently hampered due to limitations on scalability, stability, and reproducibility. In this review paper, most profound insights have been drawn into overcoming these barriers for clear routes toward future innovations. The present research being undertaken in this area has, therefore, underscored sustainable nanotechnology to resolve global problems and achieving technological development through green synthesis. Necessitating the efficient sewage disposal systems ensuring minimum toxin generation.

Graphical abstract
Changes in allele frequencies and genetic architecture due to selection in two pig populations
Authors: Wientjes Yvonne C. J. , Peeters Katrijn , Bijma Piter , Huisman Abe E. , Calus Mario P. L.
Published: December 2024

Background

Genetic selection improves a population by increasing the frequency of favorable alleles. Understanding and monitoring allele frequency changes is, therefore, important to obtain more insight into the long-term effects of selection. This study aimed to investigate changes in allele frequencies and in results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and how those two are related to each other. This was studied in two maternal pig lines where selection was based on a broad selection index. Genotypes and phenotypes were available from 2015 to 2021.

Results

Several large changes in allele frequencies over the years were observed in both lines. The largest allele frequency changes were not larger than expected under drift based on gene dropping simulations, but the average allele frequency change was larger with selection. Moreover, several significant regions were found in the GWAS for the traits under selection, but those regions did not overlap with regions with larger allele frequency changes. No significant GWAS regions were found for the selection index in both lines, which included multiple traits, indicating that the index is affected by many loci of small effect. Additionally, many significant regions showed pleiotropic, and often antagonistic, associations with other traits under selection. This reduces the selection pressure on those regions, which can explain why those regions are still segregating, although the traits have been under selection for several generations. Across the years, only small changes in Manhattan plots were found, indicating that the genetic architecture was reasonably constant.

Conclusions

No significant GWAS regions were found for any of the traits under selection among the regions with the largest changes in allele frequency, and the correlation between significance level of marker associations and changes in allele frequency over one generation was close to zero for all traits. Moreover, the largest changes in allele frequency could be explained by drift and were not necessarily a result of selection. This is probably because selection acted on a broad index for which no significant GWAS regions were found. Our results show that selecting on a broad index spreads the selection pressure across the genome, thereby limiting allele frequency changes.
The mortality of Bombyx mori larvae challenged by BmNPV is reduced when supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria
Authors: Suraporn Siripuk , Suthikhum Vallaya , Terenius Olle
Published: December 2024

Objective

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) causes grasserie with severe effects in Thai strains of the silkworm Bombyx mori. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation on the survival of silkworm larvae challenged with BmNPV.

Results

Silkworm larvae of the Thai polyvoltine strain Samrong was supplemented with commercial probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus, on the second day of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar. When challenged with BmNPV on the second day of the 4th instar, the survival ratio was 92% for larvae supplemented with L. acidophilus as compared to 56% for larvae without L. acidophilus supplementation. For the larvae that survived until pupation, we determined the growth characters cocooning ratio, larval weight, and pupation ratio, and the economic characters cocoon shell weight and cocoon weight. Growth characters were significantly lower in larvae infected with BmNPV as compared to infected larvae receiving probiotics.
Phylogenetics and systematics of the subfamilies Cheirurinae and Deiphoninae (Trilobita)
Authors: Pérez-Peris Francesc , Adrain Jonathan M. , Daley Allison C.
Published: December 2024

Cheiruridae is one of the most diverse families of trilobites known from the Ordovician with 453 species assigned. Within Cheiruridae eight subfamilies (Acanthoparyphinae, Cheirurinae, “Cyrtometopinae”, Deiphoninae, Eccoptochilinae, Heliomerinae, Pilekiinae, and Sphaerexochinae) have historically been recognised. Insights about the evolution of the family and the relationships within and between subfamilies have been published. However larger scale phylogenetic hypotheses are needed in order to explore the monophyly, the basal structure, the deep nodes and the relationships of the subfamilies. Cheirurinae, Deiphoninae and “Cyrtometopinae” have historically been defined by various morphological features (e.g., anteroposterior constriction of the thoracic pleura, pleural furrow morphology, pygidial morphology) that differentiate them from the rest of Cheiruridae. However, the phylogenetic status of “Cyrtometopinae” is unclear owing to a lack of obvious synapomorphies. Here, we present phylogenetic analyses of Cheirurinae, Deiphoninae, and “Cyrtometopinae”. The results indicate that both Cheirurinae and Deiphoninae are monophyletic. “Cyrtometopines” are resolved as a paraphyletic grade at the base of Deiphoninae and Cyrtometopinae should be considered a junior subjective synonym of Deiphoninae. The new phylogenetic hypothesis reveals that paedomorphosis plays an important role in the evolution of Deiphoninae. Within Cheirurinae two major clades are identified, the ‘Ceraurus-like’ clade and the ‘Ceraurinella-like’ clade.
Effects of excessive bleaching on hair: comparative analysis of external morphology and internal microstructure
Authors: Kim Dong Heui , Oh Seung Hyun , Chang Byung Soo
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of excessive bleaching on the external morphology and internal microstructure of hair, compared to untreated hair. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we observed significant changes in both the surface and internal structures of bleached hair. SEM analysis of normal hair revealed a relatively clean surface with intact cuticle scales, while bleached hair showed brittle, torn scales with a rough appearance. In areas where the cuticle was broken, remnants of endocuticle debris were still attached, contributing to the rough surface. Complete separation of the cuticle layer resulted in numerous longitudinal fissures along the exposed cortical surface of bleached hair. TEM analysis further confirmed distinct differences; in normal hair, the cuticle layer and cortex were well-separated, and a small hole was observed within the endocuticle of the cuticle cells. Conversely, in bleached hair, the cuticle layer was separated from the cortex, with numerous pores formed by the dissolution of melanin granules scattered within the cortex, specifically between the macrofibrils. No melanin granules were detected in the cortex of bleached hair, although the macrofibril structure remained intact. The findings clearly indicate that excessive bleaching leads to the loss of the cuticle layer, exposing the cortex and significantly altering the hair’s structural integrity.
UCP2 45-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism and obesity phenotype in the Lebanese population: a preliminary study
Authors: Masri Baraa , Matar Alaa
Published: December 2024

Background

Obesity is a significant health concern in Lebanon, contributing to various chronic diseases. Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2) plays a critical role in regulating metabolism, and genetic polymorphisms in the UCP2 gene, such as the 45-bp insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism, may influence susceptibility to obesity. This study aims to assess the association between the UCP2 45-bp I/D polymorphism and obesity in a sample of the North Lebanese population. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 123 subjects that were categorized into "non-obese" and "obese" groups, with further stratified analysis based on age and physical activity levels. UCP2 45-bp I/D variants were screened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).  

Results

The genotype frequencies of the UCP2 45-bp I/D polymorphism were as follows: D/D (46.3%), I/D (46.3%), and I/I (7.4%), with a minor allele frequency of 0.30. Statistical analyses, including Chi-squared tests and logistic regression, were conducted to explore the association between the UCP2 polymorphism and obesity. After adjusting for body mass index confounders and stratifying by physical activity and age, no significant differences were found in genotypic distributions: Stratum 1 (S1: irregular exercise, age < 40, P = 0.157), Stratum 2 (S2: irregular exercise, age ≥ 40, P = 0.192), and Stratum 3 (S3: regular exercise, age < 40, P = 0.160). Additionally, there were no significant differences in allelic distributions across these strata (S1: P = 0.514; S2: P = 0.869; S3: P = 0.681). Gender was also not associated with the  UCP2 45-bp I/D polymorphism.

Conclusions

This study found no significant association between the UCP2 45-bp I/D polymorphism and obesity in the North Lebanese population, suggesting that this genetic variation may not play a major role in obesity risk. These results underscore the need for larger, region-wide studies to better assess the genetic contribution of UCP2 to obesity in Lebanon.
Geometrically constrained localized configurations engendering nontopological profile
Authors: Bazeia D. , Bezerra Isaiane , Menezes R.
Published: December 2024

This work deals with two real scalar fields in two-dimensional spacetime, with the fields coupled to allow the study of localized configurations. We consider models constructed to engender geometric constrictions, and use them to investigate solutions of the lump type, which attain no topological properties. We show how to modify the internal structure of the field configurations and the corresponding energy densities in several distinct ways, making them thinner, thicker and also, in the form of a multi-lump solution composed of two or more lumps or asymmetrically distributed around their associated centers. The results appear to be of current interest in high-energy physics and may, in particular, be used to study bright solitons in optical fibers and in Bose-Einstein condensates.
Introduction
Authors: Dávila Arlene , Ramirez Yasmin
Published: December 2024

The introduction offers a survey of this project seeking to center the work, innovation, and worldmaking of Puerto Rican artists across the United States. It highlights underrepresented and overlooked Nuyorican/Diasporican artists who have created new visual vocabularies or innovated interdisciplinary approaches within the broader context of contemporary art in the United States. While the Nuyorican movement’s sociopolitical activism, poetry, and music are acknowledged, scholarship on Nuyorican visual art lags behind. Artists of Puerto Rican background born or raised in the United States challenge fixed notions of identity, yet they remain marginalized in museums, exhibitions, and scholarship. The chapter strives to foster equitable dialogue, spotlighting a rich tapestry of Nuyorican and Diasporican creativity within American art while acknowledging gaps in scholarship on Diasporican artists and artistic communities beyond New York City more generally.
Artistic Decoloniality as Aesthetic Praxis
Authors: Valentín-Escobar Wilson
Published: December 2024

This chapter delves into the artivist interventions of Puerto Rican artists Adál Maldonado and Sandra María Esteves at the New Rican Village (NRV) cultural arts and education center on Manhattan’s Lower East Side. Focused on challenging social alienation and mainstream art institutions, these artists created Bodega Surrealism, an avant-garde approach to art that embraced their working-class identities and harnessed creativity for social change. The NRV, founded in 1976, served as a haven for Latina/o/x artists seeking alternative spaces to showcase their subjectivity and combat neglect. Adál and Esteves used visual arts, poetry, and more to create a decolonial world within their marginalized communities, challenging norms and fostering new possibilities. This exploration of Bodega Surrealism reveals how art can empower, decolonize, and transform, making visible the often overlooked realities and aspirations of the Puerto Rican and Latina/o/x communities.
Creative Camaraderie
Authors: Cullen-Morales Deborah
Published: December 2024

This chapter highlights the transformative impact of Robert Blackburn’s Printmaking Workshop (RBPMW) on some of the Puerto Rican / Nuyorican artists in New York who found a home there. The RBPMW was an inclusive hub for artists during the 1970s–1990s, with its comprehensive facilities and open-door policy. Blackburn’s commitment to collaboration and community building was pivotal. This period nurtured creative connections, intercultural friendships, and diversity in the arts, prefiguring the era of multiculturalism. The chapter underscores the impact of the RBPMW in fostering global artistic networks, especially for Puerto Rican / Nuyorican artists, including Nitza Tufiño, Juan Sánchez, and Diógenes Ballester. The essay inserts Blackburn, a Black American of Jamaican descent, into Puerto Rico’s printmaking lineage within a broader legacy of creating connections across the African diaspora and multiple generations of printmakers.
Na cova do leão: uma negociação estratégica com desequilíbrio de poder
Authors: Corrêa Leite Jaci
Published: December 2024

Este caso, baseado num episódio real, pode ser aplicado em disciplinas de Negociação – especialmente Negociação Avançada – e de Estratégia de Negócios. É adequado a alunos que tenham alguma maturidade, dada a complexidade do problema. Pode ser utilizado em cursos de Graduação, Pós-Graduação e também Educação Executiva. Apresenta um impasse entre duas empresas: uma mineradora brasileira de médio porte (faturamento anual de € 100 milhões); e uma gigante transnacional japonesa, que fatura € 12 bilhões ao ano. O desequilíbrio de poder entre as partes é evidente. O conflito entre elas resulta de um incidente causado por terceiro que, por contrato, tem sua responsabilidade limitada a € 2 milhões. A transnacional exige indenização de € 40 milhões – valor esse muito acima do que, supostamente, a empresa brasileira poderia pagar. O caso em si está dividido em três partes. A primeira, com informações disponíveis a todos os participantes, descreve o contexto geral e relata o incidente e suas consequências imediatas. A segunda e a terceira partes são os role plays confidenciais de cada empresa, com orientações sobre prioridades, limites, diretrizes etc. A meta de cada participante é buscar a solução para a melhor proteção possível dos interesses da empresa que representa.
Guerra dos portos: querem acabar com Araras
Authors: Aguieiras Rodrigo Soares , Fidelis Luana Almeida da Silva , Nebenzahl Flávio do Cabo de Carvalho
Published: December 2024

O estado de Itororó está passando por uma crise econômica. Um de seus portos, Bananal, enfrenta dificuldades, operando abaixo da capacidade, e a concessionária que o administra espera que o governo encontre uma solução. Um importante deputado estadual propõe à Secretaria de Fazenda (Sefaz) um benefício fiscal exclusivo para o porto, mas a proposta não tem amparo legal por causa do regime de recuperação fiscal e poderia prejudicar o outro porto que opera no estado: Araras. O secretário de fazenda, então, se vê obrigado a apresentar uma solução ao governador, a fim de dirimir a questão.