bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of the influence of SOI and injection duration on the homogenization of hydrogen-air mixtures in a PFI SI engine under lean operation
Authors: Pasa Bruno Roberto , Fagundez Jean Lucca Souza , Martins Mario Eduardo Santos , Salau Nina Paula Gonçalves , Cogo Vitor Vielmo , Prante Geovane Alberto Frizzo , Wittek Karsten
Published: January 2024

The use of green hydrogen as a fuel for internal combustion engines is a cleaner alternative to conventional fuels for the automotive industry. Hydrogen combustion produces only water vapor and nitrogen oxides, which can be avoided with ultra-lean operation, thus, eliminating carbon emissions, from a tank-to-wheel perspective. In this context, the aim of this study is to investigate the influence of hydrogen injection timing and duration on the homogeneity of the hydrogen-air mixtures. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations were performed to analyze the distribution of air-fuel ratios along the engine's combustion chamber. The simulation software was CONVERGE 3.0, which offers the advantage of automatic mesh generation, reducing the modeling efforts to adjusting the operating conditions of the studied case. Before comparing the injection parameters, a mesh independence test was conducted along with model validation using experimental data. To properly evaluate the start of injection (SOI) angle, three points were considered, ranging from 90° before to 90° after the intake valve opening (IVO). Additionally, three values of injection duration were examined: 90°, 70° and 50° CAD, while keeping the mass flow rate of hydrogen and SOI constant. The standard deviation of the fuel-air equivalence ratio (φ) was used as a metric to compare the homogeneity of the in-cylinder hydrogen-air mixture. The results highlighted the significant impact of correctly selecting these two parameters on mixture preparation. More advanced SOI and longer injection durations resulted in a more homogeneous mixture, which can improve conditions for flame propagation and combustion efficiency. However, in cases where SOI occurred after IVO, hydrogen mass fraction gradients were higher. Moreover, depending on the injection timing and duration, the amount of hydrogen that returns to the intake manifold may increase, reducing the amount of hydrogen entering the combustion chamber, thus lowering power and increasing consumption. Therefore, the study of a hydrogen internal combustion engine in CFD proves crucial for identifying potential critical points for enhancing efficiency and improving safety during operation.
Connected Vehicle Data Applied to Feature Optimization and Customer Experience Improvement
Authors: Lima Jonathan , Silva Caique , Cardoso Luis , Medeiros Maxsuel , Cardoso Pedro , Mercês Rafael , Tronolone Ulisses
Published: January 2024

In a recent time, which new vehicle lines comes with a huge number of sensors, control units, embedded technologies, and the complexity of these systems (electronics, electrical and electromechanical parts) increases in an exponential way. Considering these events, the expressive generated data amount grows in the same pace, so, consume, transform, and analyze all these data to better understand the modern customer, their needs and how they use the car features becomes necessary. Through that scenario, connected vehicles developed by Ford Motor Company has been generating opportunities to feature’s improvement and cost reduction based on data analysis. This growing quantity of data might be used to optimize feature systems and help engineering teams to understand how the features have been used and enhance the systems engineering design for new or existing features.

These opportunities come to the target of this work, even because features are designed to transform inputs into functional outputs that add perceived value to the customer. Therefore, focusing the customers, this work intends to deal with connected vehicles and bring results to Feature Systems Engineers in the following way: collect data from the Ford Motor Company databases, pre-process and model the data, analyze information applying a variety of methods, understand Customer Experience, add data knowledge based on feature usage, and improve Features: identifying new opportunities to enhance vehicle Features based on the customer behavior, targeting customer satisfaction.

The outcomes of all this work are to unveil patterns of features usage that were not clear enough for systems engineering teams until these techniques show results from data knowledge. Moreover, reaching out the understanding about the customer experience might deliver information resources for the Systems Engineering teams to redefine or improve Engineering products design.
Flame structure characteristics and performance comparison of a NG SI engine under stoichiometric and lean combustion using CFD
Authors: da Silva Cristian Douglas Rosa , França Louise Bomfim Magalhães , Fagundez Jean Lucca Souza , Lanzanova Thompson Diórdinis Metzka , Martins Mario Eduardo Santos
Published: January 2024

The development and improvement of efficient compressed natural gas (CNG) engines align with efforts to reduce greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the flame structure and compare the performance characteristics of an engine powered by compressed natural gas (CNG) under stoichiometric and lean combustion in wide open throttle. CFD simulation alongside experimental tests are performed. The experimental data were obtained using a Hyundai 2.5-liter HR engine, originally a Diesel engine, adapted for spark ignition operation. Lean and stoichiometric conditions were evaluated at compression ratio 14:1, operating at 1800 rpm in MBT spark timing. The results showed that increasing lambda (λ) had a significant effect on apparent heat release rate, laminar flame speed, flame thickness and flame surface area. While the flame speed decreased in a leaner operating condition, the flame thickness and surface area increased due to reduced reaction rates and extended combustion duration. By reducing the flame speed but increasing its surface area, the amount of unburned fuel does not experience a significant increase, while the heat losses to the cylinder walls are reduced. When comparing the total energy between the two conditions and the indicated thermal efficiency, the lean operation achieved an absolute increase of almost 1% in efficiency, from 37.41% in stoichiometric condition to 38.34% in lean condition. This highlights the need to explore lean operation to increase the efficiency of internal combustion engines using natural gas.
Investigating the Effects of Dethrottling on the Combustion and Efficiency of a Spark-Ignition Engine Powered by Hydrogen
Authors: Silveira Juliano Pereira , Roso Vinícius Rückert , Salau Nina Paula Gonçalves , Martins Mario Eduardo Santos , Lanzanova Thompson Diórdinis Metzka
Published: January 2024

The use of green hydrogen as a fuel is a promising solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from our current fleet of petrol-fueled vehicles. However, achieving zero emissions remains a challenge due to the higher relative air-to-fuel ratio (lambda) required to avoid NOx formation during periods of increased load demand. On the other hand, the capability of hydrogen combustion to use a lean mixture with lower combustion variability presents a great advantage. In such cases, thermal efficiency can be improved by reducing pumping work through leaning the mixture and dethrottling to maintain the same load. This study investigates the efficiency and combustion parameters of hydrogen spark ignition operation while maintaining a constant load at several intake pressure conditions. Tests were conducted on a Ricardo Proteus spark ignition single-cylinder research engine to evaluate the impact of throttle aperture on pumping work and combustion parameters. The results of this study suggest that pumping work and combustion duration can significantly improve efficiency. By optimizing the combustion process and reducing pumping work, it is possible to reduce greenhouse gas emissions further. These findings have important implications for the development of more sustainable transportation systems and the achievement of our climate goals.
Subaqueous soil sequence in marine waters of the Strunjan Bay
Authors: Repe Blaž , Pavlin Tina
Published: January 2024

Soil research focuses mainly on soils on land, but the process of soil formation also takes place in shallow waters. Subaqueous soils form below the water surface, mainly on the bottom of shallow, stagnant waters such as bogs, swamps, lakes, and shoals in the sea. Three subaquatic soil profiles were investigated in the Strunjan Bay to study them in detail. The sites for the soil investigation were selected after observing the movement of seawater and thus its possible influence on subaquatic soils. All the soils studied are permanently and year-round under water. Therefore, all soil samples were collected under water using drainage pipes and by excavation. The samples were slowly drained in the pipes to prevent mixing of the material and to keep the horizons as intact as possible. Visual observations and standard analyses were carried out in the laboratory according to the identified horizons. During the investigation, we found that apart from water properties and movement, most soil-forming factors can be considered constant, so we investigated and presented a soil hydrosequence. According to the WRB classification, the subaqueous soils in the waters of the Strunjan Bay were divided into the reference groups Gleysols and Leptosols.
Sezonske spremembe gladine Cerkniškega jezera v obdobju 1961–2020
Authors: Miklič Stanka , Trobec Tajan
Published: January 2024

V prispevku analiziramo letne spremembe najnižjih (Hnp), srednjih (Hs) in najvišjih (Hvp) letnih vodostajev Cerkniškega jezera v obdobju 1961–2020 ter jih skušamo povezati s spremembami lokalnega podnebja. Manjša količina padavin, višja temperatura in posledično večje izhlapevanje ter manjši vpliv snežnega zadržka se odražajo v spremenjenem odtoku s pojezerja, kar se zrcali v upadu letnih, pomladnih in poletnih Hs in Hvp, medtem ko so zimski in jesenski Hs in Hvp ostali na podobni ravni. Po drugi strani so Hnp razen pomladi v porastu, kar na letni ravni, poleti in jeseni (kolikor to dopušča nezanesljivost podatkov ob najnižjih vodostajih) verjetno lahko pripišemo umetnemu zadrževanja vode v jezeru, pozimi in pomladi pa podnebnim spremembam.
Giant lipoma of the vulva in a primary care setting: a case report
Authors: Yambah John Kanyiri , Avoke Fenella , Bondzie Mercy , Smith Esperanza
Published: January 2024

Les lipomes géants de la vulve sont rares. Nous présentons une femme préménopausée para-4 de 49 ans qui se présente avec une masse indolore à croissance progressive qui s'est révélée comme un lipome vulvaire après histopathologie. Une discussion détaillée est présentée et met en évidence la nécessité de l'histopathologie même dans les cas où l'imagerie pré-chirurgicale est une limitation.

Giant Lipoma of the vulvar are rare. We present a 49-year-old para-4, premenopausal woman who presented with a painless progressively growing groin mass which was revealed as a vulvar lipoma after histopathology. A detailed discussion is presented and highlights the need to for histopathology even in cases where pre-surgical imaging is a limitation.
Syndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB), Polyradiculonévrite démyélinisante inflammatoire aigue, Polynévrite idiopathique aigue : une observation clinique vécue au centre hospitalier de Rodez
Authors: Wa Balekelayi Jacques Balekelayi , Caurier Bernard , Geraud Justine , Picard Mariane , Chometon Thibault
Published: January 2024

Guillain-Barré syndrome is the leading cause of acute acquired neuropathy. Diagnosis is based on the patient's history and a good clinical examination. Complementary examinations are sometimes initially normal. In the present case, we present a 3-year-old child with no particular problems and in whom Guillain-Barré syndrome was suspected on the basis of history and clinical examination. This diagnosis was confirmed by analysis of the lumbar puncture and electromyography. After treatment with immunoglobulin infusions, the overall progress of the patient was normal, with a partial recovery, even though he continued to attend hospital appointments to monitor any recurrence.

Le syndrome de Guillain-Barré est la première cause de neuropathie aigue acquise. Son diagnostic est basé sur l’anamnèse et un bon examen clinique. Les examens complémentaires sont parfois normaux initialement. Nous rapportons un cas de syndrome de Guillain-Barré. Il s’agit d’un enfant de 3 ans, sans antécédent morbide qui avait été admis pour un rhume articulaire chez qui l’examen physique avait montré des faiblesses des membres inférieurs et abolition des réflexes ostéotendineux et une dissociation albumino cytologique dans le LCR. Sous l’immunothérapie, l'évolution a été favorable avec une récupération partielle mais continue à suivre ses rendez-vous à l’hôpital pour surveillance d’une éventuelle récidive.
Dépistage de la stéatose hépatique par le Fibroscan/CAP chez les sujets noirs africains porteurs d’une Hépatite Virale B chronique en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Hatrydt Guillaume Dimitri Kouamé , Gogan Patricia , Yao-Bathaix Fulgence Mammert , Mahassadi Alassan Kouamé , Koffi Alain Attia
Published: January 2024

Context and objectives : As the global epidemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome progresses, the coexistence of fatty liver disease in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B (VHB) becomes significant. The objective of this work was to determine the frequency of hepatic steatosis assessed by Fibroscan/CAP (Controlled Attenuation Parameter) in patients with chronic VHB in Côte d'Ivoire.

Methods: The study included 83 patients with chronic VHB. These were black patients who had performed a Fibroscan/CAP during the recruitment period and were willing to participate in the study. Patients with significant alcohol consumption, a secondary cause of hepatic steatosis, another liver disease regardless of the etiology associated with VHB were not included.

Results: The frequency of hepatic steatosis in chronic HBV carriers assessed by CAP in our study population was 48.19 %, including 24.10 % of severe steatosis. Obesity was statistically correlated with the presence of steatosis in our patients. Patients who had steatosis on ultrasound were 5 times more likely to have steatosis on CAP. Significant fibrosis was insignificantly associated with steatosis.

Conclusion. The frequency of fatty liver disease detected by fibroscan/CAP is high in patients with chronic VHB.

Contexte et objectifs : Avec la progression de l’épidémie mondiale d’obésité et du syndrome métabolique, la coexistence d’une stéatose hépatique chez les patients porteurs d’une hépatite virale B chronique devient non négligeable. L’objectif de ce travail était de déterminer la fréquence de la stéatose hépatique chez les patients porteurs d’une hépatite virale B (HVB) chronique.

Méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une série des cas de HVB de race noire, ayant réalisé un Fibroscan/CAP pendant la période du recrutement et consentants à participer à l’étude. Les patients ayant une consommation d’alcool significative, une cause secondaire de stéatose hépatique, une autre hépatopathie quelle que soit l’étiologie associée à l’hépatite B n’ont pas été inclus.

Résultats. Quatre-vingt-trois patients porteurs d’une HVB ont été inclus. La fréquence de la stéatose hépatique chez les porteurs du VHB chronique était de 48,19 % dont 24,10 % de stéatose sévère. L’obésité était statistiquement corrélée à la présence d’une stéatose chez nos patients. Les patients qui avaient une stéatose à l’échographie étaient 5 fois plus à risque d’avoir une stéatose au CAP. La fibrose significative était associée de façon non significative à la stéatose.

Conclusion : Près de la moitié des patients porteurs d’une hépatite virale B chronique présente une stéatose hépatique.
Serial Biography in Journalism: The Case of Juan Belmonte, matador de toros, by Manuel Chaves Nogales
Authors: Pérez Álvarez Álvaro
Published: January 2024

The Spanish journalist Manuel Chaves Nogales (Seville, 1897 - London, 1944) published the biography of bullfight- er Juan Belmonte  (Seville, 1892 - Utrera, 1962) in 1935 in the graphic magazine Es- tampa. This biography, considered one of the best-written ones in  Castilian, was re- leased in weekly chapters. Belmonte was already at that time one of the most famous bullfighters in Spain, but across  his person- al story, Chaves Nogales turned Belmonte into a legend. Through the content and formal text analysis, this research identifies the connexions between the external form of a biography, published episodically, and the scenes chosen by the journalist that helped to  enlarge the legend of a character. Chaves Nogales wrote the work in the first- person, so the text reads like an autobiog-raphy. This paper studies the use of first person narrative and shows the new pattern introduced in Journalism by Chaves Nogales. He  contributes to the creation of the Belmonte myth through the storytell-ing.

Spanish title: La biografía seriada en el periodismo: El caso de Juan Belmonte, matador de toros, por Manuel Chaves Nogales

El periodista español Manuel Chaves Nogales (Sevilla, 1897 - Londres, 1944) publicó en 1935 la biografía del torero Juan Belmonte (Sevilla,  1892 - Utrera, 1962) en la revista gráfica Estampa. Esta biografía, considerada una de las mejores en caste- llano, apareció por  entregas semanales. Belmonte era ya entonces uno de los toreros más famosos de España, pero Chaves Nogales lo convirtió en una  leyenda a través la historia de su vida. Esta investigación identifica las conexiones entre el género biográfico y el periodismo mediante  un análisis formal y de contenido de los distintos capítulos de la biografía y de las escenas narrativas. Chaves Nogales escribió el texto  en primera persona, por lo que se lee como una autobiografía y este trabajo estudia el uso que hace Chaves Nogales de esa persona  gramatical y muestra algunos de los rasgos periodísticos introducidos por Chaves Nogales. A través del storytelling, Chaves Nogales  contribuyó a crear el mito de Belmonte.
Mujer, política y profecía: la autoridad espiritual de María de Toledo (1437-1507)
Authors: González-Díaz Marí­a
Published: January 2024

María de Toledo fue una de las primeras representantes del modelo de santidad que cobró una gran importancia en la Castilla de finales  de la Edad Media. En este trabajo se muestran los cinco ele- mentos que le otorgaron autoridad espiritual en su época: los paralelismos  con la genealogía mística europea a la que perte- neció; la caridad con el prójimo; el empare- damiento; la relación con la corte de los Reyes Católicos, la Inquisición y otras auto- ridades eclesiásticas gracias a sus dones proféticos; y la escritura. A partir de su estudio, se  pretende contribuir al conoci- miento y a la difusión de las visionarias peninsulares anteriores a Teresa de Jesús, sobre las cuales aún queda mucho por decir.

 

English title: Woman, Politics and Prophecy: the Spiritual Authority of María de Toledo (1437-1507)

Maria de Toledo was one of the first representatives of the model of sanctity that gained great importance in Castile at the end of the  Middle Ages. This article shows the five elements that gave her spiritual authority in her time: the parallels with the European mystical  genealogy to which she belonged; charity towards others; the isolated confinement between walls; the relationship with the court of the Catholic Monarchs, the Inquisition and other ecclesiastical authorities thanks to her prophetic gifts; and her writing. The aim of this study  is to contribute to the knowledge and dissemination of the peninsular visionaries prior to Teresa of Jesus, about whom there is still  much to be said.
El regeneracionista: ¿un tipo de intelectual en la España de la Restauración?
Authors: Viana Ruiz de Aguirre Natxo
Published: January 2024

La historiografía española ha tendido a definir al regeneracionista como un intelectual surgido tras el Desastre del 98, hondamente  preocupado por la deca- dencia de su país. Sin embargo, a pesar de los diversos intentos de catalogación, toda- vía predomina cierta  imprecisión a la hora de definirlo y caracterizarlo. Ante ello, el primer propósito de este artículo es trazar un recorrido por las diferentes  propuestas de conceptualización del intelectual regene- racionista, comenzando por la de Miguel de los Santos Oliver, el primero en  hablar de una ‘literatura del desastre’, y siguiendo por las realizadas por la historiografía a partir de los años 1960. Tras ello, el principal  objetivo es examinar conjuntamente las propuestas de catalogación de obras y auto- res regeneracionistas realizadas por la his- toriografía para tratar así de establecer en qué medida puede hablarse del regenera- cionista como un tipo específico de intelectual en  la España de la crisis de la Restaura- ción. 

 

English title: The Regenerationist: a Type of Intellectual in Restoration Spain?

Spanish  historiography has tradi- tionally defined the regenerationist as an intellectual born after the 1898 Disaster, deeply concerned about the decline of its country. However, despite the attempts of cataloguing it, a certain imprecisions still prevail when it comes to  define and charac- terise it. Therefore, the first aim of this arti- cle is to examine the different proposals of conceptualization of the  regenerationist, starting with that made by Miguel de los Santos Oliver, who spoke about a ‘literature of disaster’, and following with  those made by the historiography from the 1960’s on- wards. From that on, the main objective is to examine conjointly the proposals of  cataloguing of the regenerationists’ authors and works in order to respond to the question of to what extent we can consider the exist- ence of the regenerationist as a specific type of intellectual in the Spain of the crisis of the Restoration.
Psychological distress of Ghanaian couples after unsuccessful treatment for infertility
Authors: M. Arhin Stephen , B. Mensah Kwesi , K. Agbeno Evans , Yirdong Felix , Opoku-Agyeman Kwame , Ansah Charles
Published: January 2024

Objective: The main objective of the study was to assess psychological distress and to identify any gender specific differences in the psychological distress among infertile couples after one year of unsuccessful pharmacotherapy.Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study.Setting: The study was conducted in four fertility clinics in the Cape Coast Metropolis.Participants: One hundred and twenty respondents (71 women and 49 men) were recruited by simple random sampling.Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS (v. 25). Psychological distress scores were presented as Mean±SD and were analysed using One-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. Associations between exposures and outcomes were measured using relative risk.Outcome measure: The main outcome measure was the level of depression, anxiety, and stress among infertile couples after unsuccessful pharmacotherapy.Results: Anxiety was the predominant psychological distress experienced by respondents (60.8%), followed by depression (43.3%) and stress (37.5%). Generally, psychological distress scores increased with age among female respondents but decreased with age for male respondents. The duration of infertility only significantly affected anxiety (p=0.01) but not depression (p=0.51) and stress (p=0.06) levels. Approximately 31.7% of respondents reported experiencing extremely severe anxiety. Male respondents reported higher degree of depressive symptoms than females (46.9 vs. 40.8%).Conclusion: Unsuccessful pharmacotherapy of infertility is associated with varied degrees of psychological distress among Ghanaian infertile couples, which can be affected by age, duration of infertility and gender.
Self-medication with antibiotics among out-patient attendants at Madina Polyclinic prior to medical consultation
Authors: A. Asante Adelaide , A. Bandoh Delia , Kenu Ernest
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics among attendants of the Out-patient Department (OPD) at Madina Polyclinic before seeking medical consultation and associated factors.Design: Cross-sectional studySetting: The study was conducted at Madina PolyclinicParticipants: The study involved 319 general OPD attendants aged 18 years and above accessing healthcare services at the Madina Polyclinic between May and June 2019.Main outcome measures: The prevalence of antibiotic self-medication and the factors associated with this practiceResults: From the study, 46.4% (95% CI 40.8%- 52.0%) had self-medicated with antibiotics before presenting for medical consultation at the hospital. Less than half of the respondents (44.5%) had adequate knowledge about the use of antibiotics. Having a tertiary level of education was significantly associated with self-medication (aOR= 8.09, 95% CI 2.31-28.4, p = 0.001), whilst adequate knowledge on the use of antibiotics reduced the odds of self-medication by 53% (aOR= 0.47, 95% CI 0.23- 0.66, p<0.001). The level of education modified the relationship between knowledge and self-medication with antibiotics.Conclusion: The practice of antibiotic self-medication is rife among OPD attendants. Therefore, adequate public education on the use of antibiotics and the effects of using them inappropriately must be done. The Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) policy ought to be reinforced and made known to all, especially among the pharmacies that dispense antibiotics indiscriminately.
Detection and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from locally processed fermented foods in Ethiope West, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Beshiru A. , Uwhuba K.E.
Published: January 2024

Outbreaks linked with foodborne pathogens and associated diseases occur regularly and pose substantial health problems to consumer safety globally. Listeriosis is a leading foodborne disease initiated by the consumption of foods contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes ) This study evaluated the presence of . L. monocytogenes in various food samples. Locally fermented food samples (n = 80), which included Garri (n = 30), Kunu (n = 25), and Zobo (n = 25), were obtained from five open local markets in Ethiope West, Delta State, Nigeria. Food samples were screened for L. monocytogenes  using standard cultural techniques, biochemical tests including the Analytic Profile Index (API) Listeria  kit. The isolates were screened for antimicrobial resistance using the disc diffusion method, and breakpoints were interpreted based on the guidelines of the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Gelatinase and lipase activities, including β-haemolysis, were determined using standard methods. L. monocytogenes was identified in 3 (3.8%) and 4 (5%) samples from Zobo and Kunu, respectively. The Garri samples were negative for L. monocytogenes, and only 7 of the 80 (8.8%) samples were positive for L. monocytogenes.  One positive sample each was obtained in the Oghara and Ogharefe markets, two from the Ugbenu market, and three from the Mosogar market. No sample was positive L. monocytogenes. for in the Oghareki market. All the isolates were penicillin-resistant but susceptible to levofloxacin and tetracycline, whereas five were resistant to clindamycin. All isolates were resistant to at least two classes of antibiotics, and the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was ≥ 0.22. Gelatinase activity was observed in one isolate, β-haemolytic activity in four isolates, and lipase activity in five isolates. This study revealed the importance of proper hygiene practices in food production and continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants in food. There is a need to adhere to standard hygiene measures in food processing environments.
Effects of abattoir wastewater on the growth of Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato)
Authors: Faronbi A.O. , Ndiribe C.C.
Published: January 2024

With the growing necessity to use wastewater for irrigation due to water scarcity, farmers face the challenge of using wastewater containing non-profiled nutrients that may be detrimental to crop productivity. The study investigated the effects of water from abattoirs on tomato plant growth and development. Abattoir wastewater (AWW) was obtained from Surulere and Agege abattoirs in Lagos State. The experimental design implemented a randomized complete design (RCD) with three replications. Tomato plants were grown in experimental pots and treated with different amounts of AWW: Tap water (control), 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%. Data on plant height, branch and leaf numbers, fruit yield, stem girth, and root length, were collected at two-week intervals for five months. Data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the means were separated using the Tukey HSD test at a threshold of 5% (P<0.05). The study revealed that AWW significantly increased tomato growth characteristics and fruit yield at 100% AWW concentration. Thus, AWW may be an alternative source of organic nutrients for vegetable crop irrigation and could assist farmers with the escalating issues of freshwater scarcity and drought challenges worldwide.
Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activities and computational studies of some carbamoyl phosphonates
Authors: Doherty W.O. , Olasunkanmi L.O. , Ogunkunle O. A. , Akinpelu D. A. , Ojo I. A. O.
Published: January 2024

Four carbamoyl phosphonates, namely diethyl p-tolylsulphonyl carbamoyl phosphonate (NA), dimethyl p-tolylsulphonyl carbamoyl phosphonate (NC), dimethyl p-tolyl carbamoyl phosphonate (ND) and dimethyl p-tolylsulphonylmethane carbamoyl phosphonate (NE) were synthesized and characterized using FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR. The products were screened in vitro for their growth-inhibitory activity against nine Gram-positive strains, three Gram-negative bacteria strains, and a fungus isolate. Some compounds exhibited broad-spectrum (in vitro) activity against the bacterial strains, and all showed activity against the only fungus used. It was observed that NC showed the highest overall activity against the microorganisms. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations conducted at ωB97XD/def2-TZVP level of theory corroborated the structural conformations of the molecules deduced from spectroscopic analyses. Predicted reactivity indices of the compounds also correlate fairly with the observed biological activities.
Synthesis, characterisation and antibacterial study of copper(ii) complexes of new benzylacetone-benzoylhydrazone and its para-nitro and para-hydroxy substituted analogues
Authors: Ajayeoba T. A. , Famojuro A.T. , Akinkunmi E. O. , Olasehinde O. , Ayeni A. O. , Akinyele O. F. , Woods J.A.O.
Published: January 2024

Three new ligands viz, benzylacetone-enzoylhydrazone [babh (L1)], para-hydroxy-benzylacetone-benzoylhydrazone [p-OH-babh (L2 )] and para-nitrobenzylacetone-benzoylhydrazone [p-NO2 -babh (L3 )], were synthesised by condensation of hydrazides with benzylacetone. The ligands were each reacted with copper(II) salts (chloride, nitrate, acetate and sulphate) to form complexes with the general formulae ML2X2 (X = Cl , NO3 , AcO- and SO4 ). The compounds were characterised using 1H NMR, Infrared and UV-Visible spectroscopy, as 4 well as CHN elemental analyser and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Antibacterial activity of the ligands and synthesised complexes were investigated using the agar diffusion method against two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778) and three Gram- negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 13048) bacterial strains. However, the observed antimicrobial strength of the synthesized compounds was rather low.
Application of aqueous extracts of Alternanthera brasiliana, Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens plants in remediating lead contaminated soils
Authors: Etim E. U. , Ayejuone A. E.
Published: January 2024

Soil washing is an effective method of removing lead from contaminated soils. However, great limitations abound in the choice of washing solution that is ecologically sustainable for agricultural soils. In this study, applications of plant soluble extracts in remediating of Pb contaminated soils for ecological sustainability were carried out. Batch laboratory experiments were done using aqueous extracts of Alternanthera brasiliana, Chromolaena odorata, Tridax procumbens and water as control at varying soil-pulp-densities (SPD) of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15%, and washing time of 1, 3, 6, 12 h. For contaminated soil, percentage removal efficiency followed the order: Alternanthera brasiliana (38.1±0.28%) > Chromolaena odorata (21.8±0.12%) > Tridax procumbens (21.3±0.18%). The most appropriate ratio for contaminated soil was 3% SPD at 12 h washing time. Removal efficiency was found to be substantially depended on geochemical phase of Pb (exchangeable-4.04%) in contaminated soil and washing solution pH (5.68). Lead removal efficiency was observed to increased proportionally with increasing washing time, but decreased with increasing SPD. Spike soil with high exchangeable Pb-78.9% recorded significant Pb removal of 63.4±0.24% with Alternanthera brasiliana, 47.8±0.22% with Chromolaena odorata, 38.3±0.38% with Tridax procumbens and 52.0±0.26% with water. Analysis of variance at p=0.05 indicated a significant difference inpercentage Pb removal efficiency across all the four washing solutions. However, the statistical T-test indicated no significant difference at p=0.05 in percentage Pb removal efficiency between both soils. Also, moderately positive correlations were observed between contaminated and spiked soils for Alternanthera brasiliana (0.676), Chromolaena odorata (0.570) and Tridax procumbens (0.517) while negative correlation observed for water (0.485) which served as the control. The three plant extracts exhibited good potential characteristics as washing solutions for the treatment of Pb contaminated soils. Chemical modifications are recommended to enhance and improve their efficiencies when considering the geochemical phase of Pb in soil.
Evaluation of fungicidal efficacy of free and nano-encapsulated chitosan against Aspergillus flavus isolated from rice (Oryza sativa) seed
Authors: Aremu M. B. , Adebola M.O. , Egwim C. E. , Salaudeen M. T.
Published: January 2024

Grains are exposed to contamination by mycotoxins, both in the field and during storage. Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus species are the most harmful and carcinogenic mycotoxins in grains. Synthetic fungicides are widely used for the control of mycotoxigenic fungi in grains. However, rising public awareness about the toxicological effects of fungicides on human health necessitates the development of non-toxic bio-fungicides. In this connection, reports have shown that chitosan synthesized from shell waste has the potential to serve as an alternative fungicide. Therefore, this study investigated the fungicidal efficacy of free and nano-encapsulated chitosan against aflatoxigenic fungus (Aspergillus flavus). High molecular weight chitosan was purchased, and the in-vitro antifungal efficacy of chitosan against A. flavus was tested using the food poisoning method. Nano-encapsulated chitosan was synthesized using the ionic gelation method, the particle size was determined, and invitro inhibition against A. flavus was investigated. The results revealed that nano-encapsulated chitosan with particle sizes of 525.4 nm, 468.3 nm, and 711.7 nm were obtained. In-vitro mycelial A. flavus growth inhibition of 100% was recorded at 1.5% and 2.0% of free chitosan, while at 0.5% and 1.0% of free chitosan, 45% and 75% inhibition were observed, respectively. Nano-encapsulated chitosan with particle size (nm) of 525.4, 468.3, and 711.7 at 0.50% recorded 61%, 84% and 87% inhibition, respectively. However, at 0.25%, the rate of inhibition was 64%, 78% and 67%, respectively. This study showed that free chitosan and nano-encapsulated chitosan are potential antifungal agents for the control of A. flavus.
Micro-morphological study of three members of genus Plectranthus L. (Lamiaceae) in Nigeria
Authors: Titus A.O. , Arogundade O.O. , Ogunlowo I. I. , Oladipo O. T.
Published: January 2024

Micro-morphological studies of three members of the Genus Plectranthus L. (Lamiaceae) in Nigeria were conducted to investigate the anatomical characteristics of taxonomic importance. The following plant samples were collected from various locations in Southwestern Nigeria, namely Plectranthus aegyptiacus (Forssk.) C. Chr., Plectranthus esculentus N.E.Br. and Plectranthus monostachyus (P. Beauv.) B. J. Pollard. The anatomical study of the lamina epidermis, venation pattern and petiole were performed. The Single Linkage Cluster Analysis (SLCA) and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were used to analyze the parameters, and photomicrographs were employed to document the observations. Foliar epidermal characteristics such as epidermal cell shape, anticlinal wall pattern, stomata types, trichome types and ergastic substances are essential in delimiting the species. The identification of numerous starch grains delimits P. monostachyus from the other species, a straight anticlinal wall pattern delimits P. esculentus, and the presence of abundant crystal sands delimits P. aegyptiacus. Quantitatively, stomata index (S.I.) and trichome length for both adaxial and abaxial surfaces were significantly different (P≤0.05) among the species. The venation pattern of the studied plant samples also revealed specific characteristics. Irregular vein spacing, eucamptodromous secondary vein category and polygonal areole shape delimit P. esculentus from the other species.
Agricultural changes and the state of food sovereignty among the Macha Oromo of Wallagga, 1975-2015
Authors: Dehu, Dereje Hinew (PhD)
Published: January 2024

Since the mid-1970s, modern farming has endangered the indigenous production and food system among the Macha Oromo of western Ethiopia. Modern cultivation sought to secure food to the growing population and market that negatively affected the food sovereignty of the Macha farmers. The effects of agricultural changes on food sovereignty in this intensively cultivated region have received astonishingly little attention from either historians or other social scientists. This study attempts to examine how the modern farming practices endangered the farming and food system in Wallagga from 1975 to 2015. It illustrates the effects of land use changes and modern farm inputs on indigenous cultivation and subsequently food system. The study has employed a historical research method in which evidences on land use, farming practices, trade, investment since the mid-1970s. The study argues that the change in land use and excessive and continuous use of inorganic fertilizers since 1970s has seriously affected both the environment and food system. It reveals that these changes usurped the right of the Macha Oromo to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods. Thus, the return to ecologically and culturally sound agricultural system would realize food sovereignty and ease this historical injustice.
How to cite this article using ASWNet style
Dehu, D. H. (2023). Agricultural changes and the state of food sovereignty among the Macha Oromo of Wallagga, 1975-2015. People centred – The Journal of Development Administration (JDA), 8(2), 30-36. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jda.v8i2.2
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Challenges compounding foster care services in the Limpopo Department of Social Development, South Africa
Authors: Eric Mamukeyani
Published: January 2024

Pre-Trial Diversion services by juvenile offenders from high density suburbs in Zimbabwe. Foster care as an alternative placement for children in need of care and protection comes with innumerable challenges in the Department of Social Development (DSD). This paper uses a scoping literature review method to discuss the challenges of foster care services in Limpopo DSD. Literature on foster care was perused, analysed and derived into two major themes which constituted the discussion of this paper; namely administration challenges such as backlog, ineffectiveness of newspaper advertisement, and CSG top-up; human resource challenges such as inadequate supervision/management and low morale and burnt-out of social workers. This paper suggests practical and possible ways in which the situation could be remedied, such as amending the newspaper advertisement regulation in the Children’s Act 38 of 2005 and capacitating social work managers and supervisors to be effective in supporting social workers underground to improve their performance.Key wordsHow to cite this article using ASWNet styleMamukeyani E. (2023). Challenges compounding foster care services in the Limpopo Department of Social Development, South Africa. People centred – The Journal of Development Administration (JDA), 8(3), 68-74. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jda.v8i3.3

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Use of strength-based perspective to empower children in communities
Authors: Elizabeth Chanyau
Published: January 2024

Use of strength-based perspective to empower children in communities: Strengths-based practice is a collaborative process between the person supported by services and those supporting them, allowing them to work together to determine an outcome that draws on the person's strengths and assets. This paper seeks to show how strength based perspective can be applied to child protection and children's rights. Working in a collaborative way promotes the opportunity for children to be co-producers of services and support rather than solely consumers of those services. In child protection context, strengths based practice is solution focused and views the safety of the child or young person as paramount. It uses the strengths of individuals and families to develop strategies to achieve safety and change. It appreciates that the valuable skills and experiences children have is key to getting alongside them and co-producing. Principles of the strengths based approach include, social workers best save the clients by collaborating with them, every environment is full of resources and children have the capacity to determine what's best for them. However, weaknesses of this approach in child protection include the fact that, children can be manipulated by money leading to emotional and sexual abuse in private sectors and the approach also ignores people's problems can be heavy to such an extent they will not share or disclose to anyone.How to cite this article using ASWNet styleChanyau, E. (2023). Use of strength-based perspective to empower children in communities. People centred – The Journal of Development Administration (JDA), 8(3), 91. Social Work and Development Student Conference (SWDSC), 16 June 2023. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jda.v8i3.6

Conference AbstractSocial Work and Development Student Conference (SWDSC), Held on 16 June 2023, Day of the African Child (DAC), Organised by Africa Social Work and Development Network (ASWDN).

Conference Organising Committee: Danzel Rademan, University of the Free State, South Africa (Chairperson); Atuhairwe Collins, Student, Master of Social Work, Makerere University, Uganda (Vice-Chairperson); Never Winnie James Sebit, South Sudan; Bachelor in Social Work, RCSS, India (Secretary); Tatenda Sukulao, Bachelor of Social Work, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe (Vice-Secretary); Norman T. Manyika, Student, Bachelor of Social Work, University of Zimbabwe (Committee member) & Takudzwa Banda, Bachelor of Social Work, University of Zimbabwe (Committee member).

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Characterization, Efffects and Chemical Treatment of Heavy Metals in Produced Water from Injection Wells using Hydroxide Precipitation
Authors: Chikwe T N , Igwe E C
Published: January 2024

Produced water obtained from five (5) water injection Wells in the Niger Delta area Nigeria were analysed for heavy metal ion concentrations using Themo Elemental Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results obtained show that concentrations of lead (Pb2+), cadmium (Cd2+), chromium (Cr2+), nickel (Ni2+), cobalt (Co2+), vanadium (V2+), zinc (ZN2+), mercury (Hg+), silver (Ag+) and copper (Cu2) were above acceptable limits as specified by Environmental Guidelines and Standard for Petroleum Industries in Nigeria (EGASPIN). The concentrations of As2+, Fe2+, K+ and Mn2+ were within specification. Commingled produced water from the five water injection Wells were subjected to hydroxide precipitation using Ca(OH)2 at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ppm respectively. Results obtained show that all the heavy metal ions reduced within acceptable limit at 30 ppm chemical concentration. Heavy metal ions reduced with increase in chemical concentration with a corresponding increase in the pH of the solution which was however still within specification. The hydroxide converts the metal ions dissolved in solution into solid particles for easy sedimentation. Ca(OH)2 precipitates metal ions by changing the pH and electro-oxidizing potential of the solution. Properly treated produced water can be reinjected into the reservoir to enhance oil recovery, used in agriculture for irrigation purposes, discharged into the sea and other water bodies during offshore operations or even used in drilling services. Produced water discharged into the soil are non-biodegradable so must be adequately treated before discharge. Plants pick up heavy metals through their roots by the release of a variety of root exudates which changes the rhizosphere pH of the metal ion in solution thereby making them bioavailable for plant uptake by osmosis. Heavy metals in plants can exert a variety of toxic actions by damaging plant chloroplast thereby disturbing photosynthesis. Humans take in heavy metals into their system by consuming contaminated plants, water as well as inhaling contaminated air. Consumption, ingestion and inhalation of heavy metals by humans can cause a wide range of ailments such as cardiovascular diseases, kidney related problems, neurocognitive diseases, renal damage, heart disease, coronary artery disease, lung fibrosis, nasal cancer.
Investigation into the Bioavailability of Some Essential Health Based Elements in Ripe and Unripe Noni Fruits (Morinda citrifolia)
Authors: Shettima S A , Baffa B A , Baffa A A , Akinlabi A K , Abdulkadir A S
Published: January 2024

Noni (Morinda citrifolia) fruit has recently been gaining attention in the area of nutraceutical research due to its potential health benefits. The Fruit of the morinda citrifolia plant, also known as Indian mulberry, has been used for medicinal purposes for centuries in Polynesia and Southeast Asia and recently in Africa. The fruit has gained significant attention for its profound therapeutic and nutritional benefits in treating various ailments. This study aims to contribute to the existing literature by analyzing the presence and quantity of selected elements relevant to human health, namely Calcium, Manganese, Potassium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Nickel, Mercury, Lead, Arsenic, Chromium, and Cadmium, in both ripe and unripe Noni fruits. The highly sensitive atomic absorption spectroscopic (AAS) technique was employed for this purpose. The results revealed that ripe Noni fruit contained higher concentrations of Calcium, Potassium, Chromium, and Phosphorus, while unripe Noni fruit had higher levels of Manganese, Sodium, and Nickel.