bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LKB1 and STRADα Promote Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Spheroid Cell Invasion
Authors: Trelford Charles B. , Buensuceso Adrian , Tomas Emily , Valdes Yudith Ramos , Hovey Owen , Li Shawn Shun-Cheng , Shepherd Trevor G.
Published: November 2024

Late-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) involves the widespread dissemination of malignant disease throughout the peritoneal cavity, often accompanied by ascites. EOC metastasis relies on the formation of multicellular aggregates, called spheroids. Given that Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1) is required for EOC spheroid viability and LKB1 loss in EOC cells decreases tumor burden in mice, we investigated whether the LKB1 complex controls the invasive properties of human EOC spheroids. LKB1 signalling was antagonized through the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic knockout of LKB1 and/or the RNAi-dependent targeting of STE20-related kinase adaptor protein (STRAD, an LKB1 activator). EOC spheroids expressing nuclear GFP (green) or mKate2 (red) constructs were embedded in Matrigel for real-time live-cell invasion monitoring. Migration and invasion were also assessed in spheroid culture using Transwell chambers, spheroid reattachment, and mesothelial clearance assays. The loss of LKB1 and STRAD signalling decreased cell invasion through Matrigel and Transwell membranes, as well as mesothelial cell clearance. In the absence of LKB1, zymographic assays identified a loss of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, whereas spheroid reattachment assays found that coating plates with fibronectin restored their invasive potential. A three-dimensional EOC organoid model demonstrated that organoid area was greatly reduced by LKB1 loss. Overall, our data indicated that LKB1 and STRAD facilitated EOC metastasis by promoting MMP activity and fibronectin expression. Given that LKB1 and STRAD are crucial for EOC metastasis, targeting LKB1 and/or STRAD could disrupt the dissemination of EOC, making inhibitors of the LKB1 pathway an alternative therapeutic strategy for EOC patients.
Assessing the 9G Technology Blood Test for Predicting Lung Cancer in Patients with CT-Detected Lung Nodules: A Multicenter Clinical Trial
Authors: Kim So Yeon , Park Young Sik , Kim In Ae , Kim Hee Joung , Lee Kye Young
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Lung nodules detected by chest computed tomography (CT) often require invasive biopsies for definitive diagnosis, leading to unnecessary procedures for benign lesions. A blood-based biomarker test that predicts lung cancer risk in CT-detected nodules could help stratify patients and direct invasive diagnostics toward high-risk individuals. Methods: In this multicenter, single-blinded clinical trial, we evaluated a test measuring plasma levels of p53, anti-p53 autoantibodies, CYFRA 21-1, and anti-CYFRA 21-1 autoantibodies in patients with CT-detected lung nodules. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated, and subgroup analyses by gender, age, and smoking status were performed. A total of 1132 patients who had CT-detected lung nodules, including 885 lung cancer cases and 247 benign lesions, were enrolled from two academic hospitals in South Korea. Results: The test demonstrated a sensitivity of 78.4% (95% CI: 75.7–81.1) and specificity of 93.1% (95% CI: 90.0–96.3) in predicting lung cancer in CT-detected nodules. The PPV was 97.6%, and the NPV was 54.6%. Performance was consistent across gender (sensitivity 79.3% in men and 76.8% in women) and age groups, with a specificity of 93.4% in men and 92.7% in women. Stage I lung cancer was detected with a sensitivity of 80.6%. Conclusions: The Lung Cancer test based on 9G technology presented here offers a non-invasive method for stratifying lung cancer risk in patients with CT-detected nodules. Its integration into clinical practice could reduce unnecessary interventions and foster earlier detection.
Simultaneous Stimulation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with CpG ODN2006 and α-IgM Antibodies Leads to Strong Immune Responses in Monocytes Independent of B Cell Activation
Authors: Fleige Leonie , Capellino Silvia
Published: November 2024

CpG ODN2006 is widely used both in vitro and in vivo to achieve B cell activation and has been previously applied in clinical trials as an adjuvant and anti-cancer agent. Recent studies have demonstrated the benefit of combining CpG ODN2006 with α-IgM antibodies to obtain optimal B cell activation in vitro. In this study, we expanded the knowledge of how both agents affect other types of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), thereby highlighting beneficial and potentially unfavorable properties of the combination of CpG ODN2006 and α-IgM when applied beyond isolated B cells. We elucidated the effects of both compounds on mixed PBMCs, as well as on B cell- and monocyte-depleted PBMCs, allowing us to distinguish between direct effects and indirect influences mediated by other interacting immune cells. Flow cytometry was used to measure the expression of surface markers and intracellular cytokines, while ELISA and multiplex assays were performed to determine cytokine secretion. Our results revealed that stimulation of mixed PBMCs with CpG ODN2006 and α-IgM strongly increased cytokine secretion, primarily originating from α-IgM-stimulated monocytes. Monocyte activation was confirmed by increased CD86 and HLA-DR expression and occurred independently of B cells. The high level of monocyte-derived cytokines after α-IgM exposure did not affect B cell activation. However, it represents a rather unfavorable property for clinical applications. In conclusion, α-IgM is a potent inducer of cytokine production in monocytes. Based on our findings we hypothesize that significant side effects on monocytes can occur when using α-IgM to enhance CpG ODN2006’s efficacy on B cells, particularly in clinical settings.
Preparation of Hierarchical Porous ZIF-67 and Its Application in Zinc Battery Separator
Authors: Zhao Tian , Yu Jiangrong , Xiao Pengcheng , Nie Saiqun , Peng Shilin , Chen Jiayao , Luo Fuli , Janiak Christoph , Chen Yi
Published: November 2024

This study successfully prepared a hierarchically porous ZIF-67 (H-ZIF-67) by incorporating the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) at room temperature. Compared to standard control ZIF-67 (C-ZIF-67) with a yield of 81% and a BET specific surface area of 1228 m2·g−1, the H-ZIF-67 not only exhibited improved crystallinity and pore structure but also achieved a yield of up to 93% and a BET specific surface area of 1457 m2·g−1. Due to its hierarchically porous structure, H-ZIF-67 demonstrated excellent adsorption capacity and efficiency for methylene orange (MO). Additionally, the composite separator created by combining H-ZIF-67 with nanocellulose (CNF) exhibited remarkable uniformity and dispersion in zinc batteries. In comparison to a conventional CNF separator, the porous structure and high specific surface area of H-ZIF-67 significantly enhanced its electrolyte wettability and Zn2+ transport rates. Its abundant Lewis acid sites effectively promoted the uniform deposition of Zn2+, thereby suppressing the formation of zinc dendrites and improving the cycling and safety performance of zinc-ion batteries. Experimental results indicate that the ion conductivity of the membrane was 4.31 mS·cm−1, the electrolyte absorption rate was 316%, and it could cycle stable for over 4000 h at a current density of 1 mA·cm−2 with a discharge capacity of 1 mAh·cm−2. This achievement will open up new avenues for the preparation and application of ZIF-67 composite separators in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
Coordination Modes of Ortho-Substituted Benzoates Towards Divalent Copper Centres in the Presence of Diimines
Authors: Loukas Ioannis , Frantzana Eirini , Hatzidimitriou Antonios , Tzimopoulos Demetrios , Akrivos Pericles
Published: November 2024

The coordination modes of several ortho-substituted benzoates towards the copper(II) centre are investigated. The coordination environment of the metal ion includes nitrogen atoms from 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and occasionally oxygen atoms from coordinated water, ethanol molecules, or nitrate ions. The compounds are investigated by a variety of spectroscopic methods and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Although the reaction scheme involved equimolar amounts of the reactants, cationic dinuclear compounds with a metal/benzoate/diimine ratio of 2:3:2 have been realized, cationic in nature regardless of the counter anion used. Furthermore, the carboxylate moieties display a range of twisting relative to the orientation of the benzene ring to which they are attached.
Caries Incidence in School-Based Prevention Programs in the Presence of Interval Censoring
Authors: Ruff Ryan Richard
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: School-based caries prevention can increase access to critical dental services and reduce oral health inequities. However, little is known regarding the incidence of dental caries in children participating in school caries prevention, and caries diagnosis is often interval censored. Methods: In this paper, we used data from a longitudinal, school-based, randomized clinical trial of minimally invasive treatments for dental caries to estimate the per-visit incidence rate and compare the hazard of dental caries in children receiving either silver diamine fluoride or glass ionomer dental sealants. To account for interval censoring, we used semiparametric transformation models for univariate failure time data and imputed caries incidence using G-imputation. Results: There were 3040 children that met inclusion criteria for analysis, 1516 (49.9%) of which were randomly assigned to receive silver diamine fluoride and 1524 (50.1%) were assigned to receive glass ionomer dental sealants and atraumatic restorations. There were no differences in the hazard of caries between treatments (HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.72, 1.24), while children with caries at baseline had a significant increase in the hazard of new caries (HR = 2.54, 95% CI = 2.26, 2.83) compared to those that were caries free. The per-visit caries incidence ranged from 4.8 to 11.1 at the individual level and increased with each successive study observation. Conclusions: School-based caries prevention can positively affect caries incidence, and the results can be used to inform future program design and implementation.
Preliminary Study on Lutetium-177 and Gold Nanoparticles: Apoptosis and Radiation Enhancement in Hepatic Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Kouri Maria Anthi , Georgopoulos Anastasios , Manios George E. , Maratou Eirini , Spathis Aris , Chatziioannou Sofia , Platoni Kalliopi , Efstathopoulos Efstathios P.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates a novel approach toward enhancing the efficacy of Lutetium-177 (Lu-177) radiopharmaceutical therapy by combining it with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the HepG2 hepatic cancer cell line. Lu-177, known for its effective β radiation, also emits gamma rays at energies (113 keV and 208 keV) near the photoelectric absorption range, suggesting potential for targeted and localized radiation enhancement when used in conjunction with AuNPs. Thus, HepG2 cells were treated at two different activity levels (74 MBq and 148 MBq), with Lu-177 alone, with a combination of Lu-177 and AuNPs in two sizes (10 nm and 50 nm), while some received no treatment. Treatment efficacy was assessed by quantifying the radiation enhancement ratio (RER) and the apoptosis levels. The results reveal that combining Lu-177 with AuNPs significantly increases cell death and apoptosis compared to Lu-177 alone, with 10 nm AuNPs demonstrating superior effectiveness. Additionally, varying Lu-177 activity levels influenced the treatment outcomes, with higher activity levels further augmenting the therapeutic impact of combined therapy. These findings underscore the potential of utilizing Lu-177’s beta, but also gamma, emissions, traditionally considered non-therapeutic, for localized radiation enhancement when combined with AuNPs. This novel strategy leverages Lu-177 as an internal irradiator to exploit gamma radiation for a targeted therapeutic advantage without requiring nanoparticle functionalization. The study provides a promising approach to improving radionuclide therapy and sets the stage for future research aimed at optimizing cancer treatments through the combined use of Lu-177 and AuNPs.
The Adaptive Mechanism of Ginseng Rhizomes in Response to Habitat Changes
Authors: Zhang Meng , Sun Yingxin , Lv Zeliang , Lin Hongmei , Han Mei , Yang Limin
Published: November 2024

Panax ginseng, a perennial medicinal plant, utilizes its dried roots and rhizomes for medicinal purposes. Currently, in China, ginseng cultivation employs two methods: under-forest and farmland planting. These methods create distinct habitats, significantly influencing the ginseng’s rhizome morphology and, consequently, its economic value. In this study, two-year-old ginsengs were transplanted into farmland (TCG), a larch forest (TLCG) and a Quercus mongolica forest (TQCG) to analyze the differences in rhizome phenotypes caused by habitat changes. The results showed that there were significant differences in light intensity and the soil’s available phosphorus and potassium contents between farmland and forest environments. The differences in habitats led to different adaptability of the ginseng’s rhizome morphology. Compared with TCG, the rhizomes of TLCG and TQCG were significantly elongated by 48.36% and 67.34%, respectively. After the rhizomes’ elongation in TLCG and TQCG, there was an increase in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) contents and a decrease in lignin contents. By analyzing the expression of key genes, we found that, compared with TCG, the expression of key enzymes of lignin biosynthesis genes such as PgCOMT and PgCCR4 were down-regulated. The difference in ginseng’s rhizome length is related to the signal transduction pathway of auxin and gibberellin. In addition, we preliminarily screened out transcription factors PgWRKY75, PgDIV, and PgbHLH93.1, which can actively respond to habitat changes and play important roles in the elongation of ginseng rhizomes. In summary, this study elucidates the phenotypic plasticity strategy of ginseng rhizomes in response to habitat changes and delineates the regulatory mechanism behind phenotypic adaptation, offering novel insights into ginseng’s morphogenesis.
Integrative Taxonomy Reveals New Insights into the Species Validity of the Neocaridina davidi-N. denticulata-N. heteropoda Complex and Mitogenomic Phylogeny of Caridean Shrimps
Authors: Yang Mei , Cui Xiaodong , Li Xinzheng , Dong Dong , Kang Xianjiang , Gan Zhibin
Published: November 2024

The genus Neocaridina, originating from East Asia and representing a small-size landlocked shrimp group of the family Atyidae, is an important group of ornamental shrimps and plays significant ecological roles in their natural habitats. Owing to the considerable variability of the taxonomic characters it employed, Neocaridina is constantly under revision, and the validation of several species is currently questionable. In the present study, several Neocaridina shrimps were collected from the Baiyangdian drainage area. Through morphological examination, they exhibited delicately diagnostical differences in the dactyli of the third pereiopod and the endopod of the first and second pleopod and were classified into morph A, morph B and morph C. According to the literature description, morph A and morph C were identified as N. denticulata denticulata and N. denticulata sinensis, respectively. Among them, morph B presents an intermediate state between morph A and morph C. Subsequently, we determined the mitogenomes of morph A, morph B and morph C. Based on the morphological characteristics, genetic variation and phylogenetic tree, we contend that N. davidi, N. d. denticulata, N. d. sinensis and N. heteropoda should belong to the same species, and we propose retaining the name N. denticulata. The reconstructed mitogenomic phylogeny indicated that the monophyly of several genera within Atyidae has been challenged, suggesting that the established classification of Atyidae requires substantial taxonomic revision at all taxonomic levels. Furthermore, the tree’s topologies supported Atyidae at a deeper base within Caridea. More comprehensive taxon sampling is still needed to resolve the explicit internal relationships among Caridea.
Complementary Treatment of Breast Cancer Cells with Different Metastatic Potential with Iscador Qu in the Presence of Clinically Approved Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Iliev Ivan , Tsoneva Iana , Nesheva Aleksandrina , Staneva Galya , Robev Bozhil , Momchilova Albena , Nikolova Biliana
Published: November 2024

European mistletoe extract (Iscador Qu) has been studied for decades, but it has not ceased to arouse scientific interest. The purpose was to investigate the impact of Iscador Qu on the antiproliferative potential of 11 standard chemotherapeutic agents on two breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7 low-metastatic and MDA-MB-231 high-metastatic and control cell lines (MCF-10A). MTT-dye reduction assay, FACS analysis, and PI staining were utilized. The most promising combinations acting against the MDA-MB-231 cell line were observed upon the simultaneous application of Iscador Qu (80 µg/mL) and Docetaxel, with 4-fold reduction in IC50. An antagonistic effect was found under treatment with Cisplatin and Iscador Qu (1.5-fold increase in IC50). The response of the low-metastatic breast cancer cell line MCF-7 to the tested combinations was different compared to the high-metastatic one. The most pronounced cytotoxic effect was found for the combination of Oxaliplatin and Iscador Qu (20 µg/mL) (5.2-fold IC50 reduction). An antagonistic effect for MCF-7 line was also observed when combinations with Olaparib and Tamoxifen were applied. This in vitro study offers new combinations between Iscador Qu and standard chemotherapeutic agents that hold great promise in establishing breast cancer therapeutic protocols compared to traditional monotherapies.
The Recycling of Lithium from LiFePO4 Batteries into Li2CO3 and Its Use as a CO2 Absorber in Hydrogen Purification
Authors: Köntös Zoltán , Gyöngyössy Ádám
Published: November 2024

The growing adoption of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy systems has intensified the need for sustainable management at the end of their life cycle. This study introduces an innovative method for recycling lithium from spent LiFePO4 batteries and repurposing the recovered lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) as a carbon dioxide (CO2) absorber. The recycling process involves dismantling battery packs, separating active materials, and chemically treating the cathode to extract lithium ions, which produces Li2CO3. The efficiency of lithium recovery is influenced by factors such as leaching temperature, acid concentration, and reaction time. Once recovered, Li2CO3 can be utilized for CO2 capture in hydrogen purification processes, reacting with CO2 to form lithium bicarbonate (LiHCO3). This reaction, which is highly effective in aqueous solutions, can be applied in industrial settings to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The LiHCO3 can then be thermally decomposed to regenerate Li2CO3, creating a cyclic and sustainable use of the material. This dual-purpose process not only addresses the environmental impact of LiFePO4 battery disposal but also contributes to CO2 reduction, aligning with global climate goals. Utilizing recycled Li2CO3 decreases the demand for virgin lithium extraction, supporting a circular economy. Furthermore, integrating Li2CO3-based CO2 capture systems into existing industrial infrastructure provides a scalable and cost-effective solution for lowering carbon footprints while securing a continuous supply of lithium for future battery production. Future research should focus on optimizing lithium recovery methods, improving the efficiency of CO2 capture, and exploring synergies with other waste management and carbon capture technologies. This comprehensive strategy underscores the potential of lithium recycling to address both resource conservation and environmental protection challenges.
Minimal Clinically Important Differences in the Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Kyrgidis Athanassios , Printza Athanasia , Vitkos Evangelos , Lallas Konstantinos , Vlassi Alexandra , Constantinidis Jannis , Triaridis Stefanos
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the magnitude of change that is clinically meaningful in the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-HN35 instruments in head and neck cancer patients. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-two patients completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-HN35 at baseline and follow-up one to two months later. Minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) were calculated through anchor- and distribution-based methods for improvement and deterioration. Karnofsky Performance status (KPS) was used as the anchor to determine meaningful change. Results: In the group of patients who deteriorated, more scales and symptoms demonstrated statistically significant meaningful change. EORTC QLQ-C30 meaningful change values for deterioration with KPS anchor ranged from 7.2 (physical functioning) to 16.7 units (Global Health Status), and for improvement ranged from 10.0 (role functioning) to 16.7 units (Global Health Status). Conclusions: We report—for the first time, to the best of our knowledge—MCID for EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-HN35 in head and neck cancer patients. Knowledge of meaningful change in these questionnaires allows physicians to assess patient change over time, along with evaluating the impact of treatment on quality of life.
Readability Metrics in Patient Education: Where Do We Innovate?
Authors: Singh Som , Jamal Aleena , Qureshi Fawad
Published: November 2024

The increasing use of digital applications in healthcare has led to a greater need for patient education materials. These materials, often in the form of pamphlets, booklets, and handouts, are designed to supplement physician–patient communication and aim to improve patient outcomes. However, the effectiveness of these materials can be hindered by variations in patient health literacy. Readability, a measure of text comprehension, is a key factor influencing how well patients understand these educational materials. While there has been growing interest in readability assessment in medicine, many studies have demonstrated that digital texts do not frequently meet the recommended sixth-to-eighth grade reading level. The purpose of this opinion article is to review readability from the perspective of studies in pediatric medicine, internal medicine, preventative medicine, and surgery. This article aims to communicate that while readability is important, it tends to not fully capture the complexity of health literacy or effective patient communication. Moreover, a promising avenue to improve readability may be in generative artificial intelligence, as there are currently limited tools with similar effectiveness.
ChatGPT as a Source for Patient Information on Patellofemoral Surgery—A Comparative Study Amongst Laymen, Doctors, and Experts
Authors: Frodl Andreas , Fuchs Andreas , Yilmaz Tayfun , Izadpanah Kaywan , Schmal Hagen , Siegel Markus
Published: November 2024

Introduction: In November 2022, OpenAI launched ChatGPT for public use through a free online platform. ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot trained on a broad dataset encompassing a wide range of topics, including medical literature. The usability in the medical field and the quality of AI-generated responses are widely discussed and are the subject of current investigations. Patellofemoral pain is one of the most common conditions among young adults, often prompting patients to seek advice. This study examines the quality of ChatGPT as a source of information regarding patellofemoral conditions and surgery, hypothesizing that there will be differences in the evaluation of responses generated by ChatGPT between populations with different levels of expertise in patellofemoral disorders. Methods: A comparison was conducted between laymen, doctors (non-orthopedic), and experts in patellofemoral disorders based on a list of 12 questions. These questions were divided into descriptive and recommendatory categories, with each category further split into basic and advanced content. Questions were used to prompt ChatGPT in April 2024 using the ChatGPT 4.0 engine, and answers were evaluated using a custom tool inspired by the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) instrument. Evaluations were performed independently by laymen, non-orthopedic doctors, and experts, with the results statistically analyzed using a Mann–Whitney U Test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study included data from seventeen participants: four experts in patellofemoral disorders, seven non-orthopedic doctors, and six laymen. Experts rated the answers lower on average compared to non-experts. Significant differences were observed in the ratings of descriptive answers with increasing complexity. The average score for experts was 29.3 ± 5.8, whereas non-experts averaged 35.3 ± 5.7. For recommendatory answers, experts also gave lower ratings, particularly for more complex questions. Conclusion: ChatGPT provides good quality answers to questions concerning patellofemoral disorders, although questions with higher complexity were rated lower by patellofemoral experts compared to non-experts. This study emphasizes the potential of ChatGPT as a complementary tool for patient information on patellofemoral disorders, although the quality of the answers fluctuates with the complexity of the questions, which might not be recognized by non-experts. The lack of personalized recommendations and the problem of “AI hallucinations” remain a challenge. Human expertise and judgement, especially from trained healthcare experts, remain irreplaceable.
Successful Management of Gastric Leakage Post Gastric Sleeve by Gastric Bypass Conversion
Authors: Vásquez Manuela Jaramillo , Thorne Vélez Hernando , Mendoza Morales Isaac , Londoño Andrés Hanssen
Published: November 2024

Gastric leak represents one of the most common, serious and challenging complications in bariatric procedures, and it is caused by both ischemic and mechanical failure. The management of these leaks remains controversial. In this clinical case, we describe the occurrence of a gastric leak after a gastric sleeve, which was successfully treated by gastric bypass using a laparoscopic technique.
COVID-19 Severity and Food Insecurity: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Umer Hamza , Khan Muhammad Fawad
Published: November 2024

COVID-19 caused serious food disruptions worldwide and raised food insecurity levels. To further understand how COVID-19 impacted food insecurity, this study used nationally representative data from Pakistan to examine the effect of negative COVID-19 shock on food insecurity and its heterogeneity across different income groups. COVID-19 shock was quantified by a subjective measure based on self-reported exposure to the severity of COVID-19. We found that households struck severely by COVID-19 were about 26% more likely to report a lack of healthy food, almost 35% more likely to skip a meal, around 33% more likely to run out of food, and around 20% more likely to go without food for one whole day in comparison to the households unexposed to the severe COVID-19 shock. Furthermore, households affected by severe COVID-19 shock, especially those in the lower income quartiles, faced acute food insecurity. We constructed two additional proxies for this negative COVID-19 shock based on the objective assessment of income loss due to the lockdown measures in Pakistan to examine the robustness of the findings, and they also led to similar outcomes. Overall, the findings suggested that poorer and COVID-19-stricken households faced severer food insecurity and required urgent support.
Psychosocial Complaints and Life Satisfaction Among Greek University Students: A Pre- and Pandemic-Era Comparison
Authors: Katsikidou Magdalini , Arvaniti Aikaterini , Plakias Spyridon , Ioannidou Dafni , Oikonomidou Georgia , Topali Sarantoula , Lemontzeli Aikaterini , Samakouri Maria
Published: November 2024

This study aims to identify and compare the prevalence and risk factors associated with psychosocial and psychological complaints, as well as life and study satisfaction, among Greek undergraduate students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected in two phases: initially, from 2018 to 2019 (pre-COVID), through face-to-face surveys, and later, from October 2020 to June 2021 (COVID period), through online surveys. The study, conducted at Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH) in Greece, utilized a repeated descriptive and comparative cross-sectional design. The sample comprised 540 and 641 undergraduate students during the pre-COVID and COVID period, respectively. The following questionnaires were used: I. A socio-demographic characteristics form, II. Psychosocial Complaints List (PCL), and III. Satisfaction with Life and Studies Scale (SLSS). During the COVID period, there was an increase of 63% in psychosocial complaints (p < 0.001), as indicated by the PCL total, and a 25% decrease in satisfaction with life and studies (p = 0.001), according to the SLSS, compared to the pre-COVID period. Incidences of “suicidal thoughts”, “sexual problems”, and “extreme psychological distress” nearly doubled (61%, 67%, and 104%, respectively) during the pandemic. Females exhibited a 33% increase in the PCL total during the COVID period compared to males (p < 0.001). These findings highlight the profound impact of pandemic-induced changes on students’ mental health and quality of life. Female gender and the pandemic period itself emerged as significant factors influencing these outcomes. Universities should prioritize the development of comprehensive support services to mitigate these adverse effects.
AlGaN-Based Ultraviolet PIN Photodetector Grown on Silicon Substrates Using SiN Nitridation Process and Step-Graded Buffers
Authors: Li Jian , Maidebura Yan , Zhang Yang , Wu Gang , Su Yanmei , Zhuravlev Konstantin , Wei Xin
Published: November 2024

The integration of aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) with silicon substrates attracts significant attention due to the superior UV sensitivity of AlGaN and the cost-effectiveness as well as mechanical robustness of silicon. A PIN ultraviolet photodetector with a peak detection wavelength of 274 nm is presented in this paper. By employing a SiN nucleation layer and a step-graded buffer, a high-quality AlGaN-based photodetector structure with a dislocation density of 2.4 × 109/cm2 is achieved. A double-temperature annealing technique is utilized to optimize the Ohmic contact of the n-type AlGaN. The fabricated UV photodetector attains a dark current of 0.12 nA at −1 V and a peak responsivity of 0.12 A/W.
Self-Organization of Micro- and Nanosystems in the Form of Patterns
Authors: Perekrestov Vyacheslav , Kornyushchenko Anna , Kosminska Yuliia , Kubakh Maksym , Wilde Gerhard
Published: November 2024

In this work, the peculiarities of self-organization of patterned micro- and nanosystems under near-equilibrium condensation conditions were consistently considered. The criteria for stationarity of near-equilibrium condensation were introduced, and interrelations between the condensate local growth kinetics and the corresponding local technological parameters were described. Dissipative self-organization of small supersaturations in physically and chemically active medium-condensate systems were compared. The effectiveness of the unification of dissipative self-organization of small supersaturations and conservative self-organization of patterned micro- and nanosystems formation was shown, which forms the basis of a new concept of complete self-organized systems.
Assessment of Classical Force-Fields for Graphene Mechanics
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Tan Yongkang , Cai Xintian , Chen Xue , Shi Tan , Jin Jianfeng , Ouyang Yifang , Peng Qing
Published: November 2024

The unique properties of graphene have attracted the interest of researchers from various fields, and the discovery of graphene has sparked a revolution in materials science, specifically in the field of two-dimensional materials. However, graphene synthesis’s costly and complex process significantly impairs researchers’ endeavors to explore its properties and structure experimentally. Molecular dynamics simulation is a well-established and useful tool for investigating graphene’s atomic structure and dynamic behavior at the nanoscale without requiring expensive and complex experiments. The accuracy of the molecular dynamics simulation depends on the potential functions. This work assesses the performance of various potential functions available for graphene in mechanical properties prediction. The following two cases are considered: pristine graphene and pre-cracked graphene. The most popular fifteen potentials have been assessed. Our results suggest that diverse potentials are suitable for various applications. REBO and Tersoff potentials are the best for simulating monolayer pristine graphene, and the MEAM and the AIREBO-m potentials are recommended for those with crack defects because of their respective utilization of the electron density and inclusion of the long-range interaction. We recommend the AIREBO-m potential for a general case of classical molecular dynamics study. This work might help to guide the selection of potentials for graphene simulations and the development of further advanced interatomic potentials.
Exploring Multi-Parameter Effects on Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis by SAXS Analysis
Authors: Eigenfeld Marco , Reindl Marco , Sun Xiao , Schwaminger Sebastian P.
Published: November 2024

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) are extensively used in biomedical applications due to their unique magnetic properties. This study optimized ION synthesis via the co-precipitation method, exploring the impact of the reactant concentrations (Fe(II) and Fe(III)), NaOH concentration, temperature (30 °C–80 °C), stirring speed (0–1000 rpm), and dosing rate (10–600 s) on particle size and growth. Using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we observed, for example, that higher temperatures (e.g., 67 °C compared with 53 °C) led to a 50% increase in particle size, while the stirring speed and NaOH concentration also influenced nucleation and aggregation. These results provide comprehensive insights into optimizing synthetic conditions for targeted applications in biomedical fields, such as drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where precise control over nanoparticle size and properties is crucial.
Effect of Molybdenum Concentration and Deposition Temperature on the Structure and Tribological Properties of the Diamond-like Carbon Films
Authors: Zhairabany Hassan , Khaksar Hesam , Vanags Edgars , Marcinauskas Liutauras
Published: November 2024

Two series of non-hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (DLC) films and molybdenum doped diamond-like carbon (Mo-DLC) films were grown on the silicon substrate using direct current magnetron sputtering. The influence of molybdenum doping (between 6.3 and 11.9 at.% of Mo), as well as the deposited temperature (between 185 and 235 °C) on the surface morphology, elemental composition, bonding microstructure, friction force, and nanohardness of the films, were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, and a nanoindenter. It was found that the increase in the metal dopant concentration led to a higher metallicity and graphitization of the DLC films. The surface roughness and sp3/sp2 ratio were obtained as a function of the Mo concentration and formation temperature. The nanohardness of DLC films was improved by up to 75% with the addition of Mo. Meanwhile, the reduction in the deposition temperature decreased the nanohardness of the DLC films. The friction coefficient of the DLC films was slightly reduced with addition of the molybdenum.
Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Expression and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients with Resected, Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Real-World Study
Authors: Cheema Parneet K. , Syed Iqra , Gwadry-Sridhar Femida , Rakibuz-Zaman Muhammad , Sachdeva Robin , Pencz Alec , Zhan Luna , Hueniken Katrina , Patel Devalben , Balaratnam Karmugi , Khan Khaleeq , Grant Benjamin , Sheffield Brandon S. , Locke M. Elizabeth O. , Moldaver Daniel , Shanahan Mary Kate , Liu Geoffrey , Kuruvilla M. Sara
Published: November 2024

Treatment options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are evolving, given recent and expected approvals of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death-(ligand) 1 (PD-1/PD-L1). We retrospectively evaluated outcomes among patients with resected stage IB-IIIA NSCLC tumors expressing PD-L1 using PALEOS (Pan-cAnadian Lung cancEr Observational Study) data (2016–2019). Key outcomes included PD-L1 expression rate and treatment patterns, recurrence, and median overall (mOS) and disease-free survival (mDFS) among PD-L1+ patients. Among 539 PD-L1–tested patients, 317 (58.8%) were PD-L1+ (≥1%). At diagnosis, 35.3%, 39.8%, and 24.9% of PD-L1+ patients had stage IB, II, or IIIA disease. Forty-one percent had received adjuvant therapy. At 22.6 months (median follow-up), first disease recurrence had occurred in 31.9% of patients, primarily at metastatic sites. After first metastatic recurrence, ICI regimens were the most common first systemic therapy (29.8%). mOS was not reached; mDFS was 40.0 months. At four years, DFS probability was 44%. Four-year OS and DFS rates were generally similar when stratified by PD-L1 expression (1–49% vs. ≥50%). These findings underscore the generally poor outcomes experienced by patients with early-stage, resected, PD-L1+ NSCLC after treatment with available adjuvant therapies, and provide context to recent and emerging trials of new treatment options.
Pattern Anlysis of Risk-Reducing Strategies in Unaffected Korean BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers
Authors: Kim Dabin , Ryu Jai Min , Han Sang-Ah , Kim Zisun , Kim Sung-Won
Published: November 2024

The lifetime risk of breast and ovarian cancer increases substantially for individuals with mutations in BRCA1/2. The evidence indicates that BRCA1/2 mutation carriers benefit from early cancer detection and prevention strategies. However, data on the patterns of risk-reducing interventions are lacking. This study investigated the patterns of surveillance and risk-reducing interventions among unaffected BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. A cohort of unaffected BRCA1/2 mutation carriers was identified from the Korean Hereditary Breast cAncer (KOHBRA) study database, and a telephone survey was conducted. The survey included questions on the incidence of new cancers, patterns of cancer (breast, ovarian, prostate, other) surveillance, chemoprevention, risk-reducing surgery, and reasons for participating in risk-reducing strategies. Between November 2016 and November 2020, 192 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers were contacted, of which 83 responded. After excluding 37 responders who refused to participate, 46 participants (15 males, 31 females) were included in the analysis. The mean ± SD follow-up time was 103 ± 17 months (median 107, range 68~154), and the mean ± SD age was 31 ± 8 years. Ten BRCA1/2 mutation carriers developed breast cancer, one developed ovarian cancer, and three developed other cancers. Six BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (19.4%) underwent annual breast cancer surveillance as recommended by guidelines, while none underwent ovarian or prostate cancer surveillance. Three carriers (9.7%) used chemoprevention for breast cancer. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy was performed on only one BRCA1/2 mutation carrier. The rates of breast/ovarian cancer surveillance, chemoprevention, and risk-reducing surgery were low among unaffected Korean BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Given this cohort’s relatively high risk of developing breast cancer, strategies to encourage active participation in risk reduction are needed.
Update on Fatty Liver in Dairy Cattle with Major Emphasis on Epidemiological Patterns, Pathophysiology in Relationship to Abdominal Adiposity, and Early Diagnosis
Authors: Melendez Pedro , Pinedo Pablo
Published: November 2024

Fatty liver is a more common than expected metabolic disease affecting dairy cattle around parturition, which generates high economic losses for the dairy industry. The disease has evolved from a low incidence of moderate cases to a greater increase of severe cases in recent years. This evolution could be explained by the higher rate of genetic selection that has been carried out for milk production, which concomitantly brings pleiotropic genes that determine greater abdominal adiposity, ketosis, and other diseases. Abdominal fat is much more reactive, pro-inflammatory, saturated, and low in adiponectin than subcutaneous fat. In this review, we will mainly address the epidemiological aspects, the pathophysiology concerning the different types of fat depots (subcutaneous and abdominal), and the early diagnosis of the disease to carry out efficient control and preventive strategies.
Data Hub for Life Cycle Assessment of Climate Change Solutions—Hydrogen Case Study
Authors: Zargar Shiva , Kannangara Miyuru , Gonzales-Calienes Giovanna , Yang Jianjun , Shadbahr Jalil , Decès-Petit Cyrille , Bensebaa Farid
Published: November 2024

Life cycle assessment, which evaluates the complete life cycle of a product, is considered the standard methodological framework to evaluate the environmental performance of climate change solutions. However, significant challenges exist related to datasets used to quantify these environmental indicators. Although extensive research and commercial data on climate change technologies, pathways, and facilities exist, they are not readily available to practitioners of life cycle assessment in the right format and structure using an open platform. In this study, we propose a new open data hub platform for life cycle assessment, considering a hierarchical data flow starting with raw data collected on climate change technologies at laboratory, pilot, demonstration, or commercial scales to provide the information required for policy and decision-making. This platform makes data accessible at multiple levels for practitioners of life cycle assessment, while making data interoperable across platforms. The proposed data hub platform and workflow are explained through the polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis hydrogen production as a case study. The climate change environment impact of 1.17 ± 0.03 kg CO2 eq./kg H2 was calculated for the case study. The current data hub platform is limited to evaluating environmental impacts; however, future additions of economic and social aspects are envisaged.
Gut Microbiome and Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness: A Narrative Review of the Current Scenario
Authors: Pala Barbara , Tocci Giuliano , Nardoianni Giulia , Barbato Emanuele , Amedei Amedeo
Published: November 2024

Up to the last update, the gut microbiome (GM) had been associated with a different physiologic host process, including those affecting cardiovascular health. The carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is an indicator of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk. The GM influence on atherosclerosis progression has garnered growing attention in recent years but the consensus in subclinical atherosclerosis remains elusive. The aim of this narrative review is to investigate the connection between the GM and carotid IMT, encompassing mechanisms like the microbiome impact on metabolite production, and systemic inflammation, and its effects on endothelial function. The literature analysis revealed that the GM appears to exert an influence on carotid IMT development, likely through mechanisms involving metabolites’ production, systemic inflammation, and endothelial function modulation. Additional research, however, is needed to finely elucidate the relationship between the GM and atherosclerosis. Specifically, more extensive studies are required to pinpoint individuals at the highest risk of developing atherosclerosis based on their GM composition. This will facilitate the enhancement and optimization of cardiovascular disease prevention strategies and enable the treatments’ customization for each patient. Further investigations are required to refine patient outcomes in the context of probiotics and other interventions aimed at improving microbiome composition and function.
Dual Chamber Pacemaker Implant in Coronary Sinus Leading to Several Complications
Authors: Wassef Nancy , Ibrahim Mina , Botrous Christine , Anos Amr , Hogrefe Kai , Pathiraja Janaka
Published: November 2024

Permanent pacemaker implantation is a low-risk procedure. However, complications may occur at a rate of around 4–8%. We present a case where initial implantation resulted in complications that could have been avoided by meticulous assessment of lead position in different projections and early post-procedure X-ray that would have delineated other serious complications. We present a case where the right ventricular lead was placed in the coronary sinus, which resulted in the loss of pacing capture with further syncope after the pacemaker implant. This was apparent in the post-procedure electrocardiogram (ECG) with right bundle branch pacing and the lead was repositioned in the right ventricular apex the following day. Furthermore, the patient was discharged home without a chest X-ray (CXR), and she represented a week later with a haemo-pneumothorax and pericardial effusion. A chest drain was placed and was discharged after a slow recovery following several complications that could have been avoidable.
Bone Mineral Density and First Line Imaging with [18F]fluorocholine PET/CT in Normocalcemic and Hypercalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Results from a Single Center
Authors: Schaffler-Schaden Dagmar , Schweighofer-Zwink Gregor , Hehenwarter Lukas , van der Zee-Neuen Antje , Flamm Maria , Beheshti Mohsen , Pirich Christian
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with normal or elevated calcium levels and affects bone mineral density. The proportion of cases predisposed to metabolic bone disease is unknown in patients with PHPT. The aim of this study was to assess bone mineral density and bone quality in patients with normo- or hypercalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing baseline parathyroid gland assessment with [18F]fluorocholine PET/CT imaging. Methods: A total of 140 consecutive patients were enrolled in this observational study. All patients with normo- or hypercalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS). [18F]fluorocholine PET/CT was performed in all patients for the detection and localization of parathyroid adenoma. Hyper- and normocalcemic patients were compared with regard to the proportion of osteoporosis and osteopenia, T-Score, TBS, serum calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone levels, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in PET/CT imaging, and laboratory results. Results: The majority of patients was female (88.57%) and had a pathologic bone mineral density (52.86%). Overall, 33 patients had osteoporosis and 41 osteopenia. The mean lumbar T-Score was −1.48 (SD 1.37) and the T-Score of the femoral neck was −1.21 (SD 0.92). Mean TBS was also decreased (−2.13). No difference was found between normo- or hypercalcemic patients regarding bone metabolism and imaging parameters. Conclusions: More than half of patients with normo- or hypercalcemic PHPT showed abnormal BMD. First-line [18F]fluorocholine PET/CT identified parathyroid adenoma in a high proportion of patients, even in patients with normocalcemic PHPT. The early evaluation of metabolic bone disease seems desirable in clinical management of females with PHPT.