bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical System Characterization in Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy
Authors: Meshreki John , Kazim Syed Muhammad , Ihrke Ivo
Published: September 2024

Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy (FPM) is a recent technique to overcome the diffraction limit of a low numerical aperture (NA) objective lens by algorithmic post-processing of several lower resolved images. It can increase the space-bandwidth product of an optical system by computationally combining images captured under different illumination conditions. Vignetting determines the spatial extent of the bright-field and dark-field regions in the captured images that contain information about low and high frequency image content, respectively. State-of-the-art analyses treat vignetting as a nuisance that needs to be reduced or excluded from algorithmic consideration by means of ad hoc decision rules. In contrast, this work investigates vignetting effects as a tool to infer a range of properties of the optical system. Generally, the goal of the FPM reconstruction algorithm is to achieve results that closely resemble the actual specimen at the highest resolution possible. However, as the optimization process does not necessarily guarantee a unique solution, we identify system properties that support alignment between computational predictions and empirical observations, potentially leading to a more accurate and reliable analysis. To achieve this, we characterize the individual system components of the experimental setup and compare experimental data to both geometrical and wave optical simulations. We demonstrate that using vignetting as an analytical tool enables the modeling of the geometric and coherence properties of the optical system as evidenced by the good agreement between our simulation and experiment.
Simulation of ultra-fast structured illumination in single-photon sensitive single-pixel lidar
Authors: Olkkonen Jaakko , Taher Josef , Hakala Teemu , Kukko Antero , Kaartinen Harri , Hyyppä Juha
Published: September 2024

This study presents a novel single-pixel imaging lidar system utilizing individually addressable VCSEL arrays and single-photon detection for high-speed structured illumination and accurate reflectance estimation. VCSEL arrays as spatial light modulators offer modulation rates several orders of magnitude higher than conventional DMD-based systems. This capability allows for more measurements, reducing the effect of noise and enabling accurate angle of incidence estimation at the level of individual points, without the need for separate surface normal estimation from dense point clouds. The research developed a detailed measurement model and inverse rendering workflow, which were evaluated using ray tracing simulations that generated full-waveform intensity data. The proposed method achieved millimeter-level precision in range measurements and accurate reflectance estimates by leveraging local angle of incidence information. Future research may explore additional applications of the local angle of incidence information and further validate the model in real-world scenarios.
Experimental realization of a performance-enhanced reservoir computer based on a photonic-filter feedback laser
Authors: Huang Yu , Mu Penghua , Zhou Pei , Li Nianqiang
Published: September 2024

Reservoir computing (RC), especially time-delayed RC, as a lightweight, high-speed machine learning paradigm, shows excellent performance in time-series prediction and recognition tasks. Within this framework, time delays play a vital role in dynamic systems, i.e., significantly affecting the transient behavior and the dimensionality of reservoirs. In this work, we explore a multidelay system as the core computational element of RC, which is constructed using a semiconductor laser with photonic-filter feedback. We demonstrate experimentally that the photonic-filter feedback scheme can improve the mapping of scalar inputs into higher-dimensional dynamics, and thus enhance the prediction and classification ability in time series and nonlinear channel equalization tasks. In particular, the rich neural dynamics in turn boosts its memory capacity, which offers great potential for short-term prediction of time series. The numerical results show good qualitative agreement with the experiment. We show that improved RC performance can be achieved by utilizing a small coupling coefficient and eschewing feedback at integer multiples, which can induce detrimental resonance. This work provides an alternative photonic platform to achieve high-performance neural networks based on high-dimensional dynamic systems.
The role of training variability for model-based and model-free learning of an arbitrary visuomotor mapping
Authors: Velázquez-Vargas Carlos A. , Daw Nathaniel D. , Taylor Jordan A.
Published: September 2024

A fundamental feature of the human brain is its capacity to learn novel motor skills. This capacity requires the formation of vastly different visuomotor mappings. Using a grid navigation task, we investigated whether training variability would enhance the flexible use of a visuomotor mapping (key-to-direction rule), leading to better generalization performance. Experiments 1 and 2 show that participants trained to move between multiple start-target pairs exhibited greater generalization to both distal and proximal targets compared to participants trained to move between a single pair. This finding suggests that limited variability can impair decisions even in simple tasks without planning. In addition, during the training phase, participants exposed to higher variability were more inclined to choose options that, counterintuitively, moved the cursor away from the target while minimizing its actual distance under the constrained mapping, suggesting a greater engagement in model-based computations. In Experiments 3 and 4, we showed that the limited generalization performance in participants trained with a single pair can be enhanced by a short period of variability introduced early in learning or by incorporating stochasticity into the visuomotor mapping. Our computational modeling analyses revealed that a hybrid model between model-free and model-based computations with different mixing weights for the training and generalization phases, best described participants’ data. Importantly, the differences in the model-based weights between our experimental groups, paralleled the behavioral findings during training and generalization. Taken together, our results suggest that training variability enables the flexible use of the visuomotor mapping, potentially by preventing the consolidation of habits due to the continuous demand to change responses.
Emergent ecological patterns and modelling of gut microbiomes in health and in disease
Authors: Pasqualini Jacopo , Facchin Sonia , Rinaldo Andrea , Maritan Amos , Savarino Edoardo , Suweis Samir
Published: September 2024

Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing have revolutionized our understanding of the human microbiome. Despite this progress, challenges persist in comprehending the microbiome’s influence on disease, hindered by technical complexities in species classification, abundance estimation, and data compositionality. At the same time, the existence of macroecological laws describing the variation and diversity in microbial communities irrespective of their environment has been recently proposed using 16s data and explained by a simple phenomenological model of population dynamics. We here investigate the relationship between dysbiosis, i.e. in unhealthy individuals there are deviations from the “regular” composition of the gut microbial community, and the existence of macro-ecological emergent law in microbial communities. We first quantitatively reconstruct these patterns at the species level using shotgun data, and addressing the consequences of sampling effects and statistical errors on ecological patterns. We then ask if such patterns can discriminate between healthy and unhealthy cohorts. Concomitantly, we evaluate the efficacy of different statistical generative models, which incorporate sampling and population dynamics, to describe such patterns and distinguish which are expected by chance, versus those that are potentially informative about disease states or other biological drivers. A critical aspect of our analysis is understanding the relationship between model parameters, which have clear ecological interpretations, and the state of the gut microbiome, thereby enabling the generation of synthetic compositional data that distinctively represent healthy and unhealthy individuals. Our approach, grounded in theoretical ecology and statistical physics, allows for a robust comparison of these models with empirical data, enhancing our understanding of the strengths and limitations of simple microbial models of population dynamics.
Do beta-amyloid-targeted interventions improve cognition, physical functioning, and overt behaviour of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients: Protocol for meta-analysis of Phase 3 clinical trials both completed and terminated
Authors: Stellick (Bedrejo) Chelsea Ann , Greenshaw Andrew , Paulden Mike , Yap Sidney , Marshall R. Tyler , Kung Janice Y. , Spackman Eldon
Published: September 2024

Accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain has been explored as a primary cause of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Better known as the amyloid hypothesis, it has been the main target of researchers vying to bring their therapeutic interventions to market despite several failed attempts by predecessors. In June 2021, Aduhelm (Aducanumab) became the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved treatment for AD based on the amyloid hypothesis in which sparked controversy. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the efficacy of amyloid-beta targeting interventions at all stages of the disease including the prodromal or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage compared to placebo. All completed and terminated Phase III trials are assessed to provide a comprehensive overview of interventions targeting amyloid-beta to inform the legitimacy of the amyloid hypothesis.
Three inhibitory phenolic acids against common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) had a minimal effect on maize growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Pismarović Laura , Šoštarčić Valentina , Kljak Kristina , Lazarević Boris , Šćepanović Maja
Published: September 2024

With the increasing demand for non-chemical weed control methods, phenolic acids have shown promise due to their natural weed inhibitory potential. In this study, the inhibitory effect of ferulic acid, vanillic acid and p-coumaric acid was investigated on Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and the selectivity of Zea mays L. against these phenolic acids was tested. The seeds of A. artemisiifolia and Z. mays were treated in vitro with three phenolic acids at doses of 200–600 × 10−7 mol and in vivo foliar on A. artemisiifolia and Z. mays plants. While all phenolic acids had effects on the early growth of A. artemisiifolia, p-coumaric acid significantly reduced the length of radicle and hypocotyl by more than 60% while the effects on Z. mays were minimal. In vivo assessments using chlorophyll fluorescence and multispectral imaging showed selective stress responses in A. artemisiifolia but not in Z. mays after foliar application. The in vitro results show that p-coumaric acid is a promising compound for the control of A. artemisiifolia. However, these phenolic acids at these doses led to an insufficient reduction in photochemical efficiency. Therefore, these natural compounds need to be combined with other methods of weed control.
The association between arthritis and cognitive function impairment in the older adults: Based on the NHANES 2011–2014
Authors: Lv Taihong , Yu Hanming , Ji Zishuo , Ma Li
Published: September 2024

Objective

Arthritis has been postulated as a prevalent potential risk factor for the emergence of dementia and cognitive impairment. This conjecture prompted an examination of the correlation between arthritis and cognitive impairment using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) repository. The analysis was meticulously adjusted for potential confounders such as age and assorted systemic comorbidities, to ensure robustness in the results obtained.

Methods

Among 2,398 adults aged 60 years and above, logistic regression and cubic spline models were employed to elucidate the relationship between arthritis and cognitive performance. This was assessed utilizing tests such as Immediate Recall test (IRT), Delayed Recall test (DRT), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST).

Results

In our investigation, a total of 19931 individuals were analyzed, among which 2,398 patients (12.03%) were identified with arthritis. Subjects with arthritis inflammation had lower DSST and AFT scores compared to the healthy group, indicating cognitive decline. After adjusting for all covariates, arthritis was significantly associated with higher DSST and AFT scores by logistic regression modeling (OR: 0.796, 95% CI: 0.649–0.975; OR: 0.769, 95% CI: 0.611–0.968).

Conclusion

Our analysis underscores the potential linkage between arthritis prevalence and cognitive impairment within a nationally representative of US older adults.
RNA structures within Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus E1 alter macrophage replication fitness and contribute to viral emergence
Authors: Hickson Sarah E. , Hyde Jennifer L.
Published: September 2024

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a mosquito-borne +ssRNA virus belonging to the Togaviridae. VEEV is found throughout Central and South America and is responsible for periodic epidemic/epizootic outbreaks of febrile and encephalitic disease in equines and humans. Endemic/enzootic VEEV is transmitted between Culex mosquitoes and sylvatic rodents, whereas epidemic/epizootic VEEV is transmitted between mosquitoes and equids, which serve as amplification hosts during outbreaks. Epizootic VEEV emergence has been shown to arise from mutation of enzootic VEEV strains. Specifically, epizootic VEEV has been shown to acquire amino acid mutations in the E2 viral glycoprotein that facilitate viral entry and equine amplification. However, the abundance of synonymous mutations which accumulate across the epizootic VEEV genome suggests that other viral determinants such as RNA secondary structure may also play a role in VEEV emergence. In this study we identify novel RNA structures in the E1 gene which specifically alter replication fitness of epizootic VEEV in macrophages but not other cell types. We show that SNPs are conserved within epizootic lineages and that RNA structures are conserved across different lineages. We also identified several novel RNA-binding proteins that are necessary for altered macrophage replication. These results suggest that emergence of VEEV in nature requires multiple mutations across the viral genome, some of which alter cell-type specific replication fitness in an RNA structure-dependent manner.
Cellular dynamics shape recombination frequency in coronaviruses
Authors: Bonavita Cassandra M. , Wells Heather L. , Anthony Simon J.
Published: September 2024

Coronavirus genomes have evolutionary histories shaped extensively by recombination. Yet, how often recombination occurs at a cellular level, or the factors that regulate recombination rates, are poorly understood. Utilizing experimental co-infections with pairs of genetically distinct coronaviruses, we found that recombination is both frequent and rare during coinfection. Recombination occurred in every instance of co-infection yet resulted in relatively few recombinant RNAs. By integrating a discrete-time Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) model, we found that rates of recombination are determined primarily by rates of cellular co-infection, rather than other possible barriers such as RNA compartmentalization. By staggering the order and timing of infection with each virus we also found that rates of co-infection are themselves heavily influenced by genetic and ecological mechanisms, including superinfection exclusion and the relative fitness of competing viruses. Our study highlights recombination as a potent yet regulated force: frequent enough to ensure a steady influx of genetic variation but also infrequent enough to maintain genomic integrity. As recombination is thought to be an important driver of host-switching and disease emergence, our study provides new insights into the factors that regulate coronavirus recombination and evolution more broadly.
Development of an in-house primer design: Nested polymerase chain reaction for coronavirus disease 2019 detection based on open reading frame 1a/b and spike
Authors: Kurniawati Siti , Winarsih Sri , Andarini Sri , Rizky D. Rahmad , Ardiana Rahmawati , Perdana Waldy Yudha , Tulle Andrew
Published: September 2024

Background and Aim: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 1 million people and caused more than 100,000 deaths in Indonesia. This condition was augmented by a less advanced health system, especially in providing diagnostic facilities for the novel coronavirus, and the high mutation rate of the novel coronavirus, which may promote the generation of specific strains in Indonesia. This study aimed to propose a specific primer (in-house primer) toward open reading frame 1a/b (ORF1ab) and the spike protein gene of SARS-CoV-2 to detect SARS-CoV-2 and to analyze the presence of mutations.

Materials and Methods: One hundred and nine samples were collected from patients in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The samples were extracted using QIAamp viral RNA kits. The in-house primer was designed using Clone Manager 9.0 and amplified using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Then, the amplicon was analyzed through sequencing. The detection results were compared with those obtained using the quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Results: Nested PCR was 74.3% positive, whereas qPCR was 45.9% positive. Furthermore, sequencing analysis of the amplicon revealed the mutation at locations T3187C, T2889C/T, G3189T (spike), and C364T (ORF1ab). The sensitivity and specificity of nested PCR were 92.6% and 43.6%, respectively. This result indicated that the in-house primer performed well at screening.

Conclusion: In-house primers could detect SARS-CoV-2 and mutations in samples from Malang, East Java, Indonesia. In the future, this method could be recommended as a screening tool for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Keywords: nested polymerase chain reaction, open reading frame 1a/b, primer, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, spike.
Participation and Yield in Multiple Rounds of Colorectal Cancer Screening Based on Fecal Immunochemical Test: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhou Yueyang , Li Na , Luo Jiahui , Chen Yuqing , Zhang Yuelun , Dai Min , Chen Hongda
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION:

The evidence on the cumulative participation and yield in multiple rounds of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening based on fecal immunochemical test is sparse. We aimed to assess the trends in participation and detection for advanced colorectal neoplasm under different screening intervals in multiround fecal immunochemical testing–based CRC screening by synthesizing the current available evidence.

METHODS:

PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were retrieved from January 1, 2002, to April 16, 2024, for potential eligible studies, and then, we synthesized participation and advanced colorectal neoplasm detection rates for each screening round, along with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:

Nineteen studies involving a total of 2,296,071 individuals were included. As screening rounds increased, participation exhibited a gradual consistent increase, reaching 78.45% and 74.97% for annual and biennial screening strategies. For annual screening, the cumulative detection rates for 3 rounds were 1.38% (95% CI: 1.18%–1.63%), 1.95% (95% CI: 1.72%–2.21%), and 2.50% (95% CI: 2.29%–2.72%), respectively. For biennial screening, the cumulative detection rates for 4 rounds were 2.22% (95% CI: 1.22%–3.22%), 3.44% (95% CI: 2.06%–4.82%), 4.26% (95% CI: 2.70%–5.83%), and 5.10% (95% CI: 3.28%–7.29%), respectively. Notably, the per-round detection rate of advanced colorectal neoplasms declined yet as the screening progressed.

DISCUSSION:

In population-based CRC screening programs, the participation exhibited a slow upward trend for both screening strategies, but the incremental benefits in CRC detection gradually diminished. Tailored strategies, such as extending intervals for individuals with multiple negative fecal immunochemical testing results, might optimize effectiveness and cost-efficiency in population-based CRC screening.
Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Women: Insights From the Houston HeartReach Study
Authors: Raghuram Arjun R. , Segar Matthew W. , Coulter Stephanie , Rogers Joseph G.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women in the United States. Past research has highlighted the importance of the relationship between female-specific demographics and traditional risk factors. The present analysis aimed to identify the prevalence of modifiable risk factors in women attending a community cardiovascular health screening.

Methods:

Data collected between 2011 and 2019 were obtained from the Houston HeartReach Registry. Participants were classified as having or not having each of 4 traditional cardiometabolic risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, body mass index indicating overweight or obesity, and dyslipidemia. Differences in prevalence were compared using the Pearson χ2 test.

Results:

Most participants had hypertension, overweight or obesity, and dyslipidemia. Older women (≥65 years) had the highest prevalence of all cardiometabolic risk factors. Black participants had a higher prevalence of hypertension (P = .006) and a lower prevalence of dyslipidemia (P = .009) than non-Black participants. Hispanic participants had a lower prevalence of hypertension (P < .001) and a higher prevalence of overweight or obesity (P = .03) than non-Hispanic participants. Participants in the lowest household income bracket (<$25,000) were more likely to have diabetes (P = .001) and overweight or obesity (P = .004) than participants in the highest income bracket (≥$50,000). Unemployed participants had a higher prevalence of diabetes (P < .001), overweight or obesity (P = .004), and dyslipidemia (P < .001) than employed participants. Comorbidity analysis revealed clustering of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors. Moreover, risk factor hot spots were identified by zip code, which could help select future sites for targeted screening.

Conclusion:

The analysis found that cardiometabolic risk factor prevalence varies with demographic and socioeconomic status. Geographic areas where cardiometabolic risk factor prevalence was highest were also identified. Further participant recruitment and analysis are required to create predictive models of cardiovascular disease risk in women.
Remineralization Potential of Grape Seed Extract on Artificial Enamel Caries Lesions
Authors:   Private Pediatric Dentist, Friga Dental Clinic, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, Lesions Caries , Oz2 Esra ,   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Dentistry, Isparta, Turkey
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study aimed at a comparative analysis of the remineralization potential of grape seed extract (GSE) alone, together with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and/or acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF). Methods: The samples were randomly divided into seven groups according to the treatment used: 25% GSE, 1.23% APF (Gelato APF gel), and CPP-ACP (GC Tooth Mousse). The samples in group 7 received no treatment as a control group. All specimens were subjected to pH cycling for two weeks. Surface microhardness analyses were performed at baseline, after demineralization and remineralization. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Post Hoc Bonferroni, and Repeated measures of ANOVA tests (0.05). Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the mean microhardness values of the groups after remineralization (p < 0.05). The difference was between groups 2 and 7. According to the surface microhardness values measured at baseline, after demineralization, and after remineralization within groups 3, 5, and 6, the difference was due to all measurement times. The mean microhardness values were highest at baseline and the lowest after demineralization. Conclusion: This study concluded that grape seed extract with other agents can increase the remineralization efficiency, however, it is essential to support the results with in vivo studies.
How do adolescents perceive body image and respond to body dissatisfaction?
Authors: Deshmukh Vaishali R. , Oka Gauri A.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To assess adolescents’ attitudes, satisfaction, and practices regarding their body image across body mass index (BMI) categories.

Methods

In this cross-sectional survey (2019–2020), we recorded anthropometry of 2,089 girls and boys between 13 and 17 years from semi-urban schools in western India. Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) was used for multidimensional attitudinal assessment of body image and weight-related variables. The Stunkard scale was used to assess body shape perception.

Results

In higher age categories, boys were more satisfied with their appearance (p=0.012, p linearity=0.001), cared more about grooming (p=0.007, p linearity=0.001), and regarded themselves more physically fit (p=0.003, p linearity 0.030 up to 16 years). Boys with normal BMI were more satisfied with their appearance (p=0.001), fitness (p=0.024), and more alert about symptoms of illness (p<0.000) than others. With increasing BMI, older girls and boys were more preoccupied with their weight and perceived themselves to be heavier (p=0.001). A majority of underweight girls perceived their weight as normal. Students engaged in weight loss practices irrespective of their BMI category. Boys wanted a bigger, and girls a smaller body shape than their current shape. We found body shape dissatisfaction in 66.4 % adolescents, more in boys than in girls (p=0.001).

Conclusions

Body shape dissatisfaction is quite common among semiurban adolescents, with boys outnumbering girls. BMI, age, and sex are associated with weight perception and attitude toward body image. Unindicated weight loss practices are prevalent.
Projection of the liquidus surface of the Ho-Bi-Te ternary system
Authors:   Baku State University, Baku, AZ-1148, Azerbaijan, Ilyasly T. M. , Sadigov F. M. ,   Baku State University, Baku, AZ-1148, Azerbaijan, Mammadova N. Sh. ,   Baku State University, Baku, AZ-1148, Azerbaijan, Aliyev Y. I. ,   Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University, Baku, AZ-1000, Azerbaijan, Huseynov R. E. ,   Institute of Physics, Ministry of Science and Education Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, АZ-1143, Azerbaijan
Published: September 2024

The Ho-Bi-Te ternary system was studied by DTA, X-ray diffraction, and MSA, as well as by measuring microhardness and determining density, congruent triangulation scheme and projection of the liquidus surface, types and coordinates of mono- and invariant equilibria. It is established that this system is triangulated into five pseudo-ternary systems. It was discovered that an incongruently melting ternary compound containing HoBiTe3 is formed in the Ho-Bi-Te ternary system. X-ray phase analysis established that the HoBiTe3 compound crystallises in a tetragonal system with lattice parameters: a = 19.99, с = 13.82 Å, Z = 3. Studying the nature of the interaction of the components of the quasi-binary section Bi2Te3-Ho2Te3 of the Ho-Bi-Te ternary system, as well as thermoelectric materials formed by combining Bi2Te3 with rare-earth tellurides, is of interest from a scientific and practical point of view
The influence of irradiation time and layer thickness on the optical properties of NiO/CO3O4 nanocomposite for optoelectronic applications
Authors:   Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia, Rashad M. , Hamdalla T. A ,   Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia, Albkumi A. ,   MSc student , Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia, Alfaqir S. ,   MSc student , Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia, Alqadi R. ,   MSc student , Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia, Alotibi N. ,   MSc student , Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia, Al-Balawi A. ,   MSc student , Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia, Alfadhil S. ,   Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
Published: September 2024

This paper offers insights into optical properties of NiO/Co3O4 nanocomposite, demonstrating how X-ray irradiation affects it which offers information for optoelectronic applications. FTIR results showed existence of chemical bonds that have been presented in our composite. The HRTEM images revealed the presence of clusters of molecules in various shapes and an average grain size approaching 19 nanometers. The optical investigations shows an increase in optical absorbance of a NiO/Co3O4 nanocomposite after irradiation with X-rays up to 60 min. The calculated indirect energy gap of the material increases response to X-ray radiation which attributed to defects in the material's crystal structure.
Hydrogen ions (H+) implantation induced interstitial defects for performance enhancement of flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (FDSSCS)
Authors:   Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, 53700, Pakistan, Ikram-ul-Haq  , Khan M. I. ,   Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, 53700, Pakistan, Irfan M. ,   Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, 53700, Pakistan, Usman M. ,   National Center for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan, Ul Hasan S. ,   Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China, Imtiaz Ahmad  ,   Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA, Mohamed Moussa Ihab ,   Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
Published: September 2024

To enhance the performance of flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (FDSSCs), zinc oxide (ZnO) powder is prepared using the hydrothermal method and spin-coated onto plastic substrates. The films are implanted with H+ ions at three fluencies (1×1013, 1×1014, and 1×1015 ions/cm2 ). XRD results reveal the hexagonal (wurtzite) structure with improved crystallinity. SRIM software analyzed that with an increasing ion dose, vacancies are increased. UV-Vis shows increased bandgap energy. PL confirms reduced recombination rates. Photovoltaic measurements of FDSSCs demonstrate significantly enhanced efficiency (2.86%) at 1×1014 ions/cm2 fluence. EIS confirms the suppression of charge recombination and reduced charge transport resistance.
Brain metastasis mimicking a cavernous angioma as initial presentation of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Bucci Ines , Giuliani Cesidio , Di Dalmazi Giulia , Intraina Daniele , Zotta Donato , Ieraci Alfio , Presutti Livio , Napolitano Giorgio
Published: September 2024

Brain metastases as the first clinical presentation of a papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are exceptional, while cavernous angiomas are common cerebral malformations. We report the case of a 36-year-old male with an incidental brain lesion mimicking a cavernous angioma on MRI. Gamma knife radiosurgery was performed, but after 6 months, the patient developed neurological symptoms, and a repeat brain MRI revealed a significant increase in the mass. The patient underwent neurosurgery, and the histological examination of the lesion revealed metastatic carcinoma of thyroid origin. PET–CT and neck ultrasound, subsequently performed, were concordant for the presence of a right lobe nodule and ipsilateral lymph nodes, both with ultrasound features suspicious of malignancy. Total thyroidectomy with central and right lateral neck dissection was performed, and histology confirmed an intrathyroidal multifocal PTC with lymph node metastases. Postoperative radioiodine was administered, and focal uptake within the thyroid bed, without distant metastases or brain remnants, was found on the post-therapeutic whole-body scan. At 2 years from diagnosis, the patient is in good health and undergoes clinical and imaging follow-up.

Learning points

Brain cavernous angiomas are common cerebral vascular malformations that are usually diagnosed by MRI.

Despite the high accuracy of MRI, the exam is not pathognomonic, and misdiagnosis cannot be excluded.

Brain metastases from PTC are very rare; however, they can mimic a cavernous angioma. Therefore, the differential diagnosis should always be considered.
Decommissioning and demolition of a dicalcium phosphate plant: aspects of radiological protection and safety
Authors: Trindade Romão , Marques Ana Sofia , Albuquerque Ana Cristina , Schiappa João , Matos Ana Margarida , Moreira Joana , Narciso J. , Lopes D.
Published: September 2024

The detection of ionising radiation in materials from the decommissioning of a dicalcium phosphate plant meant that this whole operation had to be overhauled in terms of radiological protection and safety. Thus, an operations plan was drawn up that included: initial training for all workers involved, measurements of dose rates and a set of analyses by gamma and alpha spectrometry. Samples of "dry sludge" and debris were analysed for the identification and quantification of the radionuclides present, samples of workers' urine were analysed for the detection of any internal contamination, samples of washing water and air filters were analysed for the detection and control of any radioactive atmospheric contamination. In addition, individual dosimeters were distributed to workers. The extent of contamination was identified and the areas where higher values were detected were properly marked. From the results obtained (radiation dose rates and activity concentrations), it was possible to establish categories and separate the contaminated materials according to their physical characteristics. After the plant decommissioning, the resulting waste with dose rates higher than the effective dose limits for the public was packed in big bags. These bags were divided in 3 groups according to the external radiation dose rates at contact. This segregation allowed the competent authority to release a significant number of big bags from regulatory control. The remaining big bags are stored in two metal containers subject to regular radiological monitoring. The objective of this work is the presentation of a factual article where the methodology implemented to deal with this situation, which had never occurred in Portugal, is described, having only the Portuguese legislation as a reference.
Effects of PET image reconstruction parameters and tumor-to-background uptake ratio on quantification of PET images from PET/MRI and PET/CT systems
Authors: Ali Hussain Amena , Forssell-Aronsson Eva , Rosholm Tobias , Mehrara Esmaeil
Published: September 2024

Introduction: PET/CT and PET/MRI are valuable multimodality imaging techniques for visualizing both functional and anatomical information. The most used PET reconstruction algorithm is Ordered Subset Expectation Maximization (OSEM). In OSEM, the image noise increases with increased number of iterations, and the reconstruction needs to be stopped before complete convergence. The Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) algorithm, recently introduced, uses a noise penalty factor (β) to achieve full convergence while controlling noise. This study aims to evaluate how reconstruction algorithms and lesion radioactivity levels affect PET image quality and quantitative accuracy across three different PET systems. Materials and Methods: A NEMA phantom was filled with 18F and scanned by one PET/MRI and two PET/CT systems with sphere-to-background concentration ratio (SBR) of 2:1, 4:1, or 10:1. PET images were reconstructed with OSEM or BPL with TOF. The number of iterations and β-values were varied, while the matrix size, number of subsets, and filter size remained constant. Contrast recovery (CR) and background variability (BV) were measured in images. Results: CR increased with increased sphere size and SBR. CR and BV decreased with increased β for the 10mm sphere. Increased number of iterations in OSEM showed increased BV with limited variation in CR. BPL gave higher CR and lower BV values than OSEM. The optimal reconstruction was BPL with β between 150 and 350, where BPL was available, and OSEM with two iterations and 21 subsets for the PET/CT without BPL. Conclusion: BPL outperforms OSEM, and SBR significantly influences tracer uptake quantification in small lesions. Future studies should explore the clinical implications of these findings on diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and treatment follow-up.
Vernon James Schubel, Teaching Humanity: An Alternative Introduction to Islam
Authors: Bahrani Ashkan
Published: September 2024

Vernon James Schubel, Teaching Humanity: An Alternative Introduction to Islam. London and Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2023, pp. xviii + 277, $54.99, ISBN 978-3031223617 (pbk).
How Green Were Their Ravioli?
Authors: Allen Brigid
Published: September 2024

An etymological and textual study of in search of the origins of the word ravioli, the ravioli family and related filled pastas and dumplings.
Bladders
Authors: Dillon Clarissa F
Published: September 2024

The article looks at bladders and their culinary uses in 18th-century England and experiments in their preparation post-slaughter and provides some recipes where bladders are employed.
La Gastronomie
Authors: Berchoux Joseph , Cooke Peter
Published: September 2024

Peter Cooke alerted me to this poem where, for the first time in the modern era, the term gastronomie was deployed. It seemed to me useful that the full text might be made available to readers, although I should apologize for printing it in its original French. The text which I have followed is that of the fifth edition, the first having appeared in 1801. I propose to reprint its four cantos in successive issues of PPC, starting here with the prefatory matter and the first canto. Peter Cooke has kindly agreed to contribute an introduction.
Le Safari Historico-Gastronomique en Poitou-Charentes de Glen Baxter
Authors: Baxter Glen
Published: September 2024

This series of drawings was made for the journal L’Actualité Poitou-Charentes by the artist Glen Baxter. It is here reproduced in black and white with the artist’s permission. The cover to this issue shows one of the frames, not repeated on these pages, in its original colours.
The identity of some of the regional specialities may be mysterious to the outsider. Broyé du Poitou is also called la fouée and is a round of bread dough topped with butter and cream. Le tourteau fromagé is made with fresh goat’s cheese (and latterly with cow’s milk). Larousse describes it as a gâteau shaped like a slightly flattened ball with a smooth, almost black surface. A deep pastry shell is filled with goat’s cheese, eggs, crème fraîche, sugar and flour. A cartelin is a regional version of a craquelin or cracker, a dry petit four, golden from a dusting of sugar, usually round with a scalloped border. It is linked to the échaudé (which was boiled before its baking) and the pretzel and was originally a Lenten delicacy. The petatou is a tart filled with potato purée and goat’s cheese, crème fraîche, sugar and eggs.
Peran Harga, Fasilitas Dan Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Hotel Lotus Garden & Resort Kediri
Authors: Purnomo Hery
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the study was to determine the significance of prices, facilities, and services partially and simultaneously to consumer satisfaction of Lotus Garden & Resort Kediri Hotel service users, after the Covid-19 pandemic. Consumer satisfaction indicators used are the provision of good service, speed of work, responsiveness, employees can diagnose quickly, and employees pay attention to consumer complaints. The research strategy is descriptive quantitative. Survey methodology was used in this study. All people who have used the services of Lotus Garden & Resort Hotels are a sample population. Forty individuals were selected by stratified random selection and a snowball sampling process. Multiple linear regression analysis is performed to analyze the data. Overall client satisfaction with hotel services was found to be 85 percent due to price, amenities, and service.
The Consequences Of Social Comparison On Price-Quality Schema, Prestige Sensitivity, And Willingness To Purchase
Authors: Burhanudin Burhanudin , Putri Shalva Sabrina
Published: September 2024

Consumers interact with other consumers and often compare themselves with others. This consumer tendency shows social comparison. Masstige, which stands for prestige for the masses, may involve this case. However, it has received less attention in previous studies. This study examines the consequences of social comparison on price-quality schema, prestige sensitivity, and willingness to purchase a masstige brand. This study also examines the mediation of price-quality schema and prestige sensitivity on the effect of social comparison on willingness to purchase. A consumer survey was conducted to test these effects, and 240 respondents participated. The data in this study were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The analysis results show that social comparison affects price-quality schema and prestige sensitivity and subsequently affects willingness to purchase. This study also found mediation of price-quality schema and prestige sensitivity on the effect of social comparison on willingness to purchase. The above findings indicate that marketers of masstige brands can utilize social comparison to market their products.
ANALYZING THE PERCEPTIONS OF TILS REGARDING THE PERFORMANCE OF REMOTE EMERGENCY TEACHING
Authors: SANSÃO WELBERT VINÍCIUS DE SOUZA , CRUZ-SANTOS ANABELA
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT: This article aims to analyze the perceptions of translators and interpreters of Libras/Portuguese Language (TILS) regarding the performance and translation processes in the face of the pandemic period in Brazil. The study is quantitative-qualitative research, in which a questionnaire was made in Google Forms aimed at TILS working in emergency remote teaching in Brazil. The questionnaire was disseminated online on social media platforms, in groups related to TILS, in Centers for the Training of Educational Professionals and for the Service of Persons with Deafness (CAS), in TILS associations and associations of the deaf, with the aim of reaching the widest possible audience of participants targeted for this study. The questionnaire was published online on the social networks of contact centers for training professionals in education and care for people with deafness (CAS), TILS federations, and associations of the deaf in order to reach the maximum number of target participants of this study. To this end, 58 participants responded to the request to participate in the study. From the data analyzed, it was found that there were drastic changes reflected in the performance of these professionals affecting three main aspects: (1) the (re)knowledge of the profession and the formation of TILS; (2) the transformations of the activities performed by TILS during the pandemic.; and (3) the locus of work in remote learning
Enfermagem integrativa no nordeste Brasileiro: inserção, potencialidades e desafios
Authors: Abrantes Maria Jussiany Gonçalves de , Freitas Carla Kalline Alves Cartaxo , Bispo Laura Dayane Gois , Santos Thaiane Santana , Piexak Diéssica Roggia , Menezes Andreia Freire de , Maciel Leonardo Yung dos Santos , Dallegrave Daniela
Published: September 2024

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a inserção, as potencialidades e os desafios vivenciados pelos enfermeiros na oferta das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde na região Nordeste do Brasil. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado de junho a dezembro de 2022 com 15 enfermeiros nordestinos habilitados em Práticas Integrativas e Complementares. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de entrevistas individuais online e submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Participaram 15 enfermeiros e 23 práticas integrativas foram citadas, com predomínio da auriculoterapia, com maior inserção na atenção primária e nos consultórios privados de enfermagem, ressaltando benefícios laborais e pessoais. Algumas das potencialidades incluem a habilitação técnica para a prática e o interesse na realização da educação continuada. A visão hospitalocêntrica dos profissionais, a baixa difusão sobre a temática no ensino, a dificuldade em precificar os procedimentos e em desenvolver raciocínio clínico em outras racionalidades médicas foram citados como os principais desafios. Conclusão: Apesar dos desafios ainda enfrentados, os enfermeiros nordestinos estão ofertando as práticas integrativas, visando complementar os cuidados aos usuários.
Knowledge and strategies for coping with fibromyalgia
Authors: Costa Larissa Pereira , Ferreira Márcia de Assunção
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the knowledge about fibromyalgia of people with this diagnosis and its repercussions in coping with the disease. Method: Qualitative research, based on the Social Representation Theory framework. Thirty people over 18 years old and from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, participated. Snowball sampling was applied to recruit participants and a semi-structured interview was used to produce data, between April 2020 and January 2021. Statistical and lexicographic analysis was performed using Alceste. Results: Most participants were women (93%); aged 41 to 60 years old (67%); of whom 63% were married; had been diagnosed 10 years ago or more (40%); and 40% participated in support groups. They did not know the name of the disease and its causes, but they mentioned its symptoms, mainly pain. Objectification of fibromyalgia occurs in painful symptoms and the lack of signs in the body generates misunderstanding among the people they live with. They share experiences in support groups to cope with the disease. Conclusion: The subjective phenomenon of pain generates distrust about the disease. Diagnosis difficulties delay treatment and insufficient information generates judgments and stereotypes for patients. Prejudices and rejections have repercussions on coping with the disease.
Prevalência de queixas vestibulares em pacientes psiquiátricos de uma cidade da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre
Authors: Santos Anghelis Silveira dos , Basile Augusto Astolfi , Scheffer Morgana , Soldera Cristina Loureiro Chaves
Published: September 2024

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar a prevalência das queixas vestibulares na população psiquiátrica de um centro de saúde mental de uma cidade da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Métodos Os dados foram coletados na instituição, por meio de um formulário composto por uma breve anamnese, e pelo Dizziness Handicap Inventory - Brazilian Version. Resultados A maior parte da amostra foi composta por adultos jovens (55,9%) e do gênero feminino (76,5%). A presença de tontura em algum momento do dia (sempre ou às vezes) acometia 67,7% dos sujeitos da amostra. A grande maioria fazia uso de fármacos psiquiátricos (94,1%). Conclusão Existe uma elevada prevalência de tontura na população psiquiátrica pesquisada, sendo verificado maior impacto do sintoma em sujeitos que fazem uso de fármacos para bipolaridade e mania e em sujeitos diagnosticados com transtorno depressivo. Com relação à associação das queixas vestibulares à categoria de transtorno psiquiátrico, constata-se associação significativa entre queixa de tontura e transtornos depressivos (p=0,033) e ausência de queixa de tontura e episódios depressivos (p=0,031).