bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Band gap information extraction from materials science literature – a pilot study
Authors: Ghosh Satanu , Lu Kun
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a preliminary work on extracting band gap information of materials from academic papers. With increasing demand for renewable energy, band gap information will help material scientists design and implement novel photovoltaic (PV) cells.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected 1.44 million titles and abstracts of scholarly articles related to materials science, and then filtered the collection to 11,939 articles that potentially contain relevant information about materials and their band gap values. ChemDataExtractor was extended to extract information about PV materials and their band gap information. Evaluation was performed on randomly sampled information records of 415 papers.

Findings

The findings of this study show that the current system is able to correctly extract information for 51.32% articles, with partially correct extraction for 36.62% articles and incorrect for 12.04%. The authors have also identified the errors belonging to three main categories pertaining to chemical entity identification, band gap information and interdependency resolution. Future work will focus on addressing these errors to improve the performance of the system.

Originality/value

The authors did not find any literature to date on band gap information extraction from academic text using automated methods. This work is unique and original. Band gap information is of importance to materials scientists in applications such as solar cells, light emitting diodes and laser diodes.
Construction and application of urban digital infrastructure—practice of “Urban Brain” in facing COVID-19 in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Yan Xiaoli , Li Tao
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze Hangzhou Urban Brain in responding to COVID-19, including systematically sorting out the development mode, capabilities, composition and application of Urban Brain and exploring its role and effect. This paper tries to provide a reference for other cities' digital infrastructure construction through case analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors took Hangzhou Urban Brain as a typical case in urban digital infrastructure construction, and they conducted thorough research on its practice in facing COVID-19. The authors analyzed the key elements of Urban Brain, the application and the evaluation of Urban Brain through literature review, field investigation, questionnaire and interviews.

Findings

Hangzhou Urban Brain has been deeply applied in urban management and has a good foundation. Therefore, when the COVID-19 occurred, the Urban Brain played an important role. The detailed practices facing COVID-19 are mainly in five aspects: information collection and analysis, ensuring material supply by government–enterprise collaboration, using AI and Big Data to “Visualize” COVID-19, etc. Moreover, Urban Brain has won high evaluation. However, Hangzhou Urban Brain still has problems like data privacy and security, technical issues, etc.

Originality/value

This case study shows that Hangzhou's experience in Urban Brain construction is worthy of reference and promotion. Firstly, it can strengthen the understanding of digital infrastructure in responding to public health emergencies. Furthermore, it provides a reference for other urban governance worldwide by excavating the role and effect of digital infrastructure in preventing and controlling COVID-19. Thirdly, it explores how to improve the digital infrastructure construction to support public health challenges, which will help the cities grasp the actual value of data and make progress in this field. By this, it can provide references for cities in the world, especially in Asia to achieve sustainable city development.
Open innovation starts from home: the potentials of enterprise social media (ESM) in nurturing employee innovation
Authors: Abhari Kaveh , Zarei Mahsa , Parsons Mikay , Estell Pamela
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Enterprise social media (ESM) applications offer new opportunities for organizations to mobilize employees for open innovation, by promoting innovation beyond traditional R&D functions. Despite the popularity and success of these applications, current research has yet to fully explore the potential of ESM applications as a driver of employee-driven innovation, specifically through advancements in innovation culture. To fill this gap, this study proposes a theoretical framework that explains the role of ESM applications in facilitating employee innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors administered a cross-sectional survey to collect data from professionals who use ESM applications regularly at work. Following a pilot study and instrument refinement, the authors conducted a field study to test measurement and the structural model by using the partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method.

Findings

The findings of this study support the validity of the proposed theoretical model. First, the results confirmed the three antecedents of ESM use for innovation: perceived innovation possibilities enabled by ESM technology, the expected value of ESM use for innovation and organizational support for using ESM applications for innovation. Next, the results confirmed the importance of ESM use in encouraging individual innovation productivity in terms of product/service innovation, process innovation and social innovation. Finally, the results corroborated the mediating role of risk-taking and knowledge-sharing culture in the use of ESM to increase innovation productivity.

Originality/value

The findings presented here have implications for theory and practices that would concern fostering a supportive environment and building an organizational culture that promotes employees' innovation behavior (internal open innovation) by using social technologies.
Facilitating or inhibiting? The role of enterprise social media use in job performance
Authors: Shang Yufan , Pan Yan , Richards Malika
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Organizations use enterprise social media (ESM) platforms to operate, function, and develop. However, the effectiveness of the use of ESM is inconclusive. This study aims to explore the mechanism and boundary conditions of the relationship between employee ESM use and job performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a 2-wave survey design, with a final sample of 481 employees from a large automobile company.

Findings

The results indicate that ESM use is beneficial and detrimental to job performance. On the one hand, ESM use is positively related to work overload, decreasing job performance. On the other hand, ESM use is positively associated with informational support, increasing job performance. A mediation test revealed that both work overload and informational support mediate the relationship between ESM use and job performance. Furthermore, job autonomy weakens the positive relationship between ESM use and work overload, but strengthens the positive relationship between ESM use and informational support.

Originality/value

This study provides a more balanced view of how ESM use influences job performance by demonstrating the opposing mediating roles of work overload and informational support. Further, this study fills a research gap by considering job characteristics when examining the boundary conditions of ESM use. Third, this study validates the generalization of the job demands-resources model in social media research.
Leaders' advice networks over time: the role of beliefs and organizational learning during change implementation
Authors: Liou Yi-Hwa , Lee Yong-Shiuan , Chiang-Lin Tsung-Jui , Daly Alan J.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Educational reform is a complex undertaking and the interactions between leaders as they go about a change are consequential for realizing desired outcomes. Advice relationships are one such interaction and can play a key role in driving knowledge transfer and development and as such are an important social capital asset supporting organizational change. Building on the growing scholarship around a social network approach to understanding educational leadership and systems change, the study draws from network concepts to examine advice relationships within a district-wide leadership team as the leaders engages a reform initiative, and what accounts for the development of these important relational ties.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative data were collected through an annual survey at six points over six years from the leadership team in one public school district in the Western United States, including perceptions of organizational learning, beliefs about reform, and reform-related advice relationships.

Findings

Using multilevel mixed modeling, findings reveal downward trends in leaders' advice-seeking and -receiving ties over time and that seeking and receiving advice is positively related to organizational learning, beliefs about reform impact, or beliefs about their efficacy in implementing the reform. However, views about reform-related resources are negatively associated with seeking and receiving advice ties over time.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature on the social side of change specifically related to leadership, reform, organizational learning, and leader beliefs about reform implementation. Further, the work offers practical implications for potential social infrastructure design for joint work.
Maintenance capability creation for buildings – concurrent process with design and construction
Authors: Annunen Petteri , Tella Juho , Pekki Sini , Haapasalo Harri
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study describes how maintenance capability should be created during the design and construction phases of construction projects. Purpose of the abstract to define the elements for creating the maintenance capability and the process to be used in construction life cycle projects for buildings.

Design/methodology/approach

An inductive and qualitative research method was used to construct the proposed process based on the literature and 18 interviews in two large construction companies.

Findings

The results indicate that the maintenance phase is usually overlooked during the design and construction phases, and capabilities are not systematically built. In particular, processes are lacking in data management, causing severe problems in maintenance.

Originality/value

This study presents a process including key requirements and activities for creating maintenance capability in conjunction with the design and construction phases, which is novel to the literature. The validated process can be adapted based on the needs of the construction company.
Association between the benefits and barriers perceived by the users in smart home services implementation
Authors: Nascimento Débora Rosa , Tortorella Guilherme Luz , Fettermann Diego
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The article aims to identify the association between each smart home service category's benefits and barriers to their adoption. The results seek to identify efficient approaches that motivate users to adopt smart homes services and support suppliers to establish strategies to expand and optimize smart home technologies.

Design/methodology/approach

The research used the chi-square test of independence to reveal the association between the benefits and barriers perceived by the users during smart home services implementation. Furthermore, the statistical analysis using reliable evidence based on 122 articles reported in the literature provides valuable knowledge for smart home implementation.

Findings

The results reveal which barriers and benefits in the smart home are essential for implementing each type of service. Therefore, the association between barriers and benefits with smart home services implementation can support the dissemination of smart home technologies.

Practical implications

The article provides evidence to develop strategies for implementing smart home services, supporting companies with guidelines to be more assertive in disseminating smart homes technologies.

Originality/value

Using the literature as a data source and raising the associations through the chi-square test of independence, the methodology provides a high level of generalization and strong evidence regarding the association of smart home benefits or barriers associated with every smart home service.
Prediction and validation of composite mechanical properties resulting from voxel-based microstructural design in material jetting
Authors: Kaweesa Dorcas , Bobbio Lourdes , Beese Allison M. , Meisel Nicholas Alexander
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the tensile strength and elastic modulus of custom-designed polymer composites developed using voxel-based design. This study also evaluates theoretical models, such as the rule of mixtures, Halpin–Tsai model, Cox–Krenchel model and the Young–Beaumont model and the ability to predict the mechanical properties of particle-reinforced composites based on changes in the design of rigid particles at the microscale within a flexible polymer matrix.

Design/methodology/approach

This study leverages the PolyJet process for voxel-printing capabilities and a design of experiments approach to define the microstructural design elements (i.e. aspect ratio, orientation, size and volume fraction) used to create custom-designed composites.

Findings

The comparison between the predictions and experimental results helps identify appropriate methods for determining the mechanical properties of custom-designed composites ensuring informed design decisions for improved mechanical properties.

Originality/value

This work centers on multimaterial additive manufacturing leveraging design freedom and material complexity to create a wide range of composite materials. This study highlights the importance of identifying the process, structure and property relationships in material design.
The Impact of Supplier Instability on Corporate Social Responsibility Performance over the Firm Lifecycle: A Social Systems Theory Perspective
Authors: Yang Yang , Jiang Yan , Jia Fu , Chen Lujie
Published: August 2022

Managing corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the supply chain context requires companies to consider complex issues embedded in their supply chains, one of which is the complexity caused by unstable suppliers. However, prior studies have focused primarily on how supplier instability affects a firm's operational or financial performance. Grounded in social systems theory, we aim to enrich this body of literature by investigating the impact of supplier instability on CSR performance throughout the firm lifecycle. Using a large panel dataset of Chinese manufacturing firms from 2008 to 2018, we find that the relationship between supplier instability and CSR performance varies throughout a firm's lifecycle. At the growth and maturity stages, supplier instability can negatively affect a firm's external and internal CSR performance, respectively. At the decline stage, this negative relationship is insignificant. Further, we unravel the moderating effects of different complexity reduction practices. This paper has significant implications for both research and practice in the increasingly important domain of CSR management in supply chains.
Feasibility and outcome of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in patients with Crohn's disease: Single‐centre experience at Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmad Khaled S. , Alenazi Naif A. , Essa Mohamed S.
Published: August 2022

Background

Combined obesity and Crohn's disease (CD) are becoming an increasing issue worldwide and in Saudi Arabia. In this series, we evaluate the feasibility and the outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in obese patients with CD.

Methods

This series is a retrospective analysis of our database with patients undergoing LSG from 2015 to 2020. Obese patients with CD were included.

Results

Sixty‐one obese patients with CD underwent LSG with a mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) of 42.6 ± 4.3. The mean excess weight loss (% EWL) at 3, 6, 9 months, and 1 year was 41 ± 1.8, 51 ± 2.3, 67 ± 1.2, and 71 ± 3.1, respectively. There were no identified intra‐operative complications. The mean intra‐operative time was 40 ± 20. Only one patient developed a postoperative leak and was treated conservatively. No late postoperative complications were reported. During the follow‐up period, 6 (9.8%) patients were noted to have CD‐related medications discontinued (azathioprine and sulfasalazine), and 8 (13.1%) patients showed a reduction in the dosage of their medications.

Conclusion

LSG appears to be a safe and effective option for carefully selected patients with CD.
A call for clean code to effectively communicate science
Authors: Filazzola Alessandro , Lortie CJ
Published: August 2022

Effective coding is fundamental to the study of biology. Computation underpins most research, and reproducible science can be promoted through clean coding practices. Clean coding is crafting code design, syntax and nomenclature in a manner that maximizes the potential to communicate its intent with other scientists. However, computational biologists are not software engineers, and many of our coding practices have developed ad hoc without formal training, often creating difficult‐to‐read code for others. Hard‐to‐understand code can thus be limiting our efficiency and ability to communicate as scientists with one another.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a primer on some of the practices associated with crafting clean code by synthesizing a transformative text in software engineering along with recent articles on coding practices in computational biology. We review past recommendations to provide a series of best practices that transform coding into a human‐accessible form of communication.

Three common themes shared in this synthesis are the following: (a) code has value and you are responsible for its organization to enable clear communication, (b) use a formatting style to guide writing code that is easily understandable and consistent and (c) apply abstraction to emphasize important elements and declutter.

While many of the provided practices and recommendations were developed with computational biologists in mind, we believe there is wider applicability to any biologist undertaking work in data management or statistical analyses. Clean code is thus a crucial step forward in resolving some of the crisis in reproducibility for science.
Bulgaria: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: SPIROVA MARIA
Published: August 2022

2021 was a turbulent political year in Bulgaria. Event‐wise, it saw three rounds of legislative elections, one presidential election, two caretaker cabinets and a lot of institutional struggles. In terms of results, 2021 saw the end of Citizens for a European Development of Bulgaria/Grazhdani za evropeysko razvitie na Bulgaria (GERB) dominance in political life, challenges to the links between the state and economic strongmen established during its government, and a new, reform‐minded, coalition Cabinet taking power. New parties made an entrance on the legislative scene: There Is Such a People/Ima takuv narod (ITN) led by Slavi Trifonov won one election (July) and then lost the next one (November), when a brand new party We Continue the Change/Prodalzhavame promyanata (PP) won a plurality of votes. Another surprising outcome was the acceptance of the Bulgarian Socialists/BSP za Balgariya (BSP) as a legitimate coalition partner after July 2021. The year also saw an inconsistent pattern of anti‐Covid‐19 policies, low vaccination and high death rates.
Daily diary study of loneliness, alcohol, and drug use during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Bragard Elise , Giorgi Salvatore , Juneau Paul , Curtis Brenda L.
Published: August 2022

Background

Research conducted during the COVID‐19 Pandemic has identified two co‐occurring public health concerns: loneliness and substance use. Findings from research conducted prior to the pandemic are inconclusive as to the links between loneliness and substance use. This study aimed to measure associations of loneliness with three different types of substance use during COVID‐19: daily number of alcoholic drinks, cannabis use, and non‐cannabis drug use.

Method

Data were obtained between October 2020 and May 2021 from 2,648 US adults (Mage = 38.76, 65.4% women) diverse with respect to race and ethnicity using online recruitment. Participants completed baseline surveys and daily assessments for 30 days. A daily loneliness measure was recoded into separate within‐ and between‐person predictor variables. Daily outcome measures included the number of alcoholic drinks consumed and dichotomous cannabis and non‐cannabis drug use variables. Generalized linear multilevel models (GLMLM) were used to examine within‐ and between‐person associations between loneliness and substance use.

Results

The unconditional means model indicated that 59.0% of the variance in the daily number of alcoholic drinks was due to within‐person variability. GLMLM analyses revealed that, overall, people drank more on days when they felt a particularly high or particularly low degree of loneliness (positive quadratic effect). There was a negative and significant within‐person association between daily loneliness and the likelihood of cannabis use. There was also a positive and significant within‐person association between daily loneliness and the likelihood of non‐cannabis drug use.

Conclusions

Associations between loneliness and substance use vary with substance type and whether within‐ or between‐person differences are assessed. These findings are relevant to the persistence of substance use disorders and thus of potential clinical importance. Individuals who do not experience severe loneliness at intake but who show daily increases in loneliness above baseline levels are at heightened risk of alcohol and non‐cannabis drug use. Future research could profitably examine just‐in‐time adaptive interventions that assess fluctuations in loneliness to prevent the development or exacerbation of substance use disorders.
Brain volume and magnetic susceptibility differences in children and adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure
Authors: Nakhid Daphne , McMorris Carly , Sun Hongfu , Gibbard William Benton , Tortorelli Christina , Lebel Catherine
Published: August 2022

Background

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can negatively affect brain development thereby increasing the risk of cognitive deficits, behavioral challenges, and mental health problems. Brain iron is important for a number of physiological processes for healthy brain development. Animal studies show that PAE reduced brain iron; however, this has not been investigated in human children with PAE.

Methods

We studied 20 children and adolescents with PAE and 44 unexposed children and adolescents aged 7.5 to 15 years. All children underwent quantitative susceptibility mapping and T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans. Susceptibility and volume measurements of the caudate, putamen, pallidum, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens were extracted using FreeSurfer. ANCOVAs were used to compare volume and susceptibility between groups for each region of interest, controlling for age and gender. For structures where susceptibility differed by group, we also tested for an association between intelligence quotient (IQ) and susceptibility.

Results

There were no significant group differences in susceptibility after multiple comparison correction, though the PAE group had higher susceptibility in the thalamus compared to unexposed participants before correction (p = 0.032, q = 0.230). There was no association between IQ and thalamus susceptibility. The PAE group had significantly lower volume in the bilateral caudate, bilateral pallidum, and left putamen.

Conclusions

These findings suggest susceptibility may be altered in children and adolescents with PAE, though more research is needed. Volume reductions are consistent with previous literature and likely underlie cognitive and behavioral deficits associated with PAE.
Frontoparietal and temporal white matter diffusion MRI in children and youth with prenatal alcohol exposure
Authors: Gómez María José C. , Beaulieu Christian , McMorris Carly A. , Gibbard Ben , Tortorelli Christina , Lebel Catherine
Published: August 2022

Background

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with brain alterations and neurocognitive deficits, but relationships between brain alterations and neurocognitive deficits remain unclear.

Methods

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were obtained from 31 participants with PAE and 31 unexposed controls aged 7–15 years. Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were derived from the genu, body, and splenium of the corpus callosum (CC), bilateral cingulum, and inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF, SLF). Participants completed language subtests from the NEPSY‐II. Executive functioning was measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF‐PR) and verbal learning was assessed using the California Verbal Learning Test‐Children's Version (CVLT‐C) only in children with PAE. Group differences in diffusion metrics and cognitive scores were tested. Principal component analysis was used to reduce redundancy in cognitive and behavior variables; associations between components and brain measures were then assessed.

Results

Children with PAE had lower MD in the right SLF compared with unexposed controls. FA was positively related to age in 6 of 9 tracts and MD negatively related to age in all tracts; there were no significant age‐by‐group interactions. Participants with PAE scored lower than unexposed peers on the NEPSY‐II Comprehension of Instructions and Phonological Processing and above population norms (indicating worse performance) on the BRIEF‐PR. Children with PAE had a negative association between a principal component closely associated with Speeded Naming and FA in the left SLF (PAE: p = 0.002) and left ILF (PAE: p = 0.002); unexposed controls showed no significant associations.

Conclusion

We found widespread cognitive difficulties in children with PAE, but relatively limited differences in brain metrics and associations with age. Different brain–cognitive relationships were found in children with PAE compared with controls. Overall, the results provide additional evidence that PAE may lead to cognitive difficulties and disrupt typical brain–function relationships.
Checking bioclimatic variables that combine temperature and precipitation data before their use in species distribution models
Authors: Booth Trevor H.
Published: August 2022

The 19 BIOCLIM variables available from the WorldClim databases have become the most widely used set of climatic variables for creating species distribution models (SDMs) and ecological niche models (ENMs). Nevertheless, in recent years, there has been an increasing trend to exclude four of these variables from SDM/ENM analyses. The four values concerned are interactive as they combine both temperature and precipitation assessments. Their exclusion was justified initially due to discontinuities in their interpolated surfaces observed in a study using data from version 1 of WorldClim. The discontinuities were thought to be artefacts of the measures used, and such sudden changes were unlikely to be biologically meaningful. A freely available biodiversity database and an open access geographic information system were used here to check the four interactive variables for discontinuities in data from both versions 1 and 2 of WorldClim. Over most of the world, the four interactive BIOCLIM variables from WorldClim were found to change smoothly. Major and minor discontinuities, however, were noted for all four variables in specific parts of some of the six continents (excluding Antarctica) covered by WorldClim databases. Discontinuities were related to sudden changes in the quarterly periods used to calculate the variables. These discontinuities were often found in equatorial regions where there are only small changes in temperature across the year. Bimodal precipitation distributions may also cause problems. It is recommended that the quick and simple method described here should be used to facilitate visual inspection and numerical checking for possible discontinuities of these variables before SDM/ENM analyses. If discontinuities are found for an interactive variable in the study area, it is recommended that the variable should not be used. Ways in which the four variables could be recalculated when new databases are created are suggested to reduce discontinuity problems.
Ctenostegus hansoni sp. nov., a new species of spider wasp endemic to Lord Howe Island (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
Authors: Rodriguez Juanita , Evangelista Olivia
Published: August 2022

Lord Howe Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site with a highly endemic biota and a history of recent species extinction. During the 2017 and 2018 Australian Geographic Society expeditions to Lord Howe Island, spider wasps in the genus Ctenostegus Haupt, 1930 were collected from various sites. A new species – C. hansoni sp. nov. – is described based on this material. The external morphology and male genitalic features are illustrated for all constituents of the C. immitis species‐group, for which an identification key is provided. New distribution data for the Hymenoptera of Lord Howe Island include an additional genus of Pompilidae (Fabriogenia sp.) and the first record for the family Mutillidae (Ephutomorpha sp.). Ctenostegus hansoni sp. nov. is one of the few spider wasps restricted to an oceanic island and constitutes an intriguing new record of long‐distance dispersal from mainland Australia followed by speciation.
Native bees with floral sonication behaviour can achieve high‐performance pollination of highbush blueberry in Chile
Authors: Cortés‐Rivas Benito , Smith‐Ramirez Cecilia , Monzón Víctor Hugo , Mesquita‐Neto José Neiva
Published: August 2022

Blueberry is one of the most relevant buzz‐pollinated crops worldwide and Chile is the most important global producer of fresh blueberries during wintertime in the Northern Hemisphere. Thousands of exotic Bombus terrestris are imported from Europe to pollinate blueberries. However, no study has investigated the performance of the native Chilean fauna to pollinate blueberry or other crops. Therefore, we aimed to compare the performance of native Chilean floral visitors with managed visitors to pollinate highbush blueberry.

Per‐visit pollination performance (stigmatic pollen deposition) and floral visitation were measured and the presence of sonication behaviour of flower visitors was evaluated for five cultivars in two blueberry orchards located in southern Chile.

Floral visitors showed a preference for one or more blueberry cultivars, instead of visiting all cultivars equally. Floral visits with sonication deposited more conspecific pollen on stigmas than visits without sonication. Some native sonicating bees (Cadeguala and Bombus), especially Cadeguala occidentalis, were efficient pollen vectors of blueberry and better pollinators than honeybees (5.8 times more pollen transferred) similar to that of the managed bee B. terrestris.

The results indicate that some Chilean native bee species, especially those with sonication behaviour, can provide pollination service to highbush blueberry crops.
Participant perspectives of an online co‐design process to develop a prevention‐focused mental health and well‐being platform for primary producers
Authors: Binder Marley J. , Beks Hannah , Versace Vincent L. , Macdonald Joanna , Mckay Claire , Cunningham Sally , Wall Gavin , Barnes Kelly , Cornell Sarah , Cock Malcolm , Kennedy Alison , Namara Kevin Mc
Published: August 2022

Objective

To explore participant experiences of an online co‐design process to develop a web‐based preventative mental health and well‐being intervention targeting primary producers in rural Australia.

Setting

Rural Victoria, Australia.

Participants

Participants from a primary producer background, including horticulture, fisheries, animal cultivation and farm consultancy, were eligible for the study if they had participated in both the co‐design and beta testing processes for a primary producer platform.

Design

A qualitative study using semi‐structured phone‐based interviews was undertaken. A reflexive inductive approach to data analysis was employed to develop themes.

Results

Eleven participants were interviewed, with an average age of 51 years, of which 7 were female. Five main themes were developed. These included: (1) participant diversity, (2) impact of online delivery on co‐design participation, (3) experiences of the co‐design process, (4) maintaining a shared vision and goals and (5) acting on the co‐design recommendations. Use of online methods was a clear enabler to engage participants who were geographically dispersed and offers an alternative to more conventional approaches to co‐design using face‐to‐face methods. Some aspects of participant engagement may need a greater focus when conducted online compared with face‐to‐face.

Conclusions

Using an online co‐design method to develop a preventative mental health and well‐being web‐based platform for primary producers was novel. Findings address a gap in the literature around the experience of participants engaging in a co‐design process and identify opportunities to improve participant engagement and experience with the online format.
A case‐control and seven‐year longitudinal neurocognitive study of adults with sickle cell disease in Ghana
Authors: Ampomah Mary A. , Drake Jermon A. , Anum Adote , Amponsah Benjamin , Dei‐Adomakoh Yvonne , Anie Kofi , Mate‐Kole Christopher C. , Jonassaint Charles R. , Kirkham Fenella J.
Published: August 2022

Ageing in sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with a myriad of end‐organ complications, including cerebrovascular damage and cognitive impairment (CI). Although CI is very common in SCD, little is known about cognitive functioning and how it changes with age. This study examines cognitive patterns of 63 adults with SCD and 60 non‐SCD, age‐ and education‐matched controls in Ghana. Of those adults with SCD, 34 completed the neuropsychological battery at baseline and again seven years later. In cross‐sectional data, adults with SCD performed worse than controls in all cognitive test domains (p < 0.01 for all). The seven‐year follow‐up data showed that the group exhibited a significant decline in visuospatial abilities (ranging from Cohen's d = 1.40 to 2.38), and to a lesser extent, in processing speed and executive functioning. Exploratory analyses showed a significant time‐by‐education interaction, indicating that education may be protective from decline in cognitive performance. These findings have implications for clinical practice. Early neuropsychological surveillance coupled with early assessment and remedial programmes will provide avenues for enhancing the quality of life of adults living with SCD in Ghana.
Permitting immoral behaviour: A generalized compensation belief hypothesis
Authors: Wang Xijing , Chen Zhansheng , Van Tongeren Daryl R. , DeWall C. Nathan , Yang Fan
Published: August 2022

When are we more likely to permit immoral behaviours? The current research examined a generalized compensation belief hypothesis that individuals, as observers, would morally tolerate and accept someone paying forward unfair treatment to an innocent person as a means to compensate for the perpetrator's previously experienced mistreatment. Across five experiments (N = 1107) based on economic games (Studies 1–4) and diverse real‐life scenarios (Study 5), we showed that participants, as observing third parties, were more likely to morally permit and engage in the same negative act once they knew about previous maltreatment of the perpetrator. This belief occurred even when the content of received and paid‐forward maltreatment was non‐identical (Study 2), when the negative treatment was received from a non‐human target (Study 3) and when the maltreatment was intangible (e.g. material loss) or relational (e.g. social exclusion; Study 5). Perceived required compensation mediated the effect of previous maltreatment on moral permission (Studies 4 and 5). The results consistently suggest that people's moral permission of immoral behaviours is influenced by perpetrator's previous mistreatment, contributing to a better understanding of the nature and nuances of our sense of fairness and contextualized moral judgement.
Quantifying the carbon footprint of household food waste and associated GHGs in Oakville, Ontario, and a municipality's role in reducing both food waste and GHGs
Authors: Gooch Martin , Matsubuchi‐Shaw Moira , Bucknell Delia , LaPlain Dan , Kohler Lisa
Published: August 2022

The study established a defensible estimate of household food waste and associated greenhouse gas emissions. Participants from 65 households measured food waste for seven consecutive days and then reported volume by food type, meal, day of the week, and whether it was avoidable or unavoidable. Participants from 26 households were then interviewed to gather further insights. This primary research enabled the comparative impact of correlating factors driving food waste among households with differing age and socio‐economic demographics to be quantified. The estimates of food waste and associated greenhouse gases encompassed food types, their disposal by individual households, and the subsequent management of municipal solid waste streams. Reported as carbon dioxide equivalents, the study's results identified where the greatest impacts on the carbon footprint of food waste can be achieved and the role that the municipality can play in motivating and enabling behaviours that lead to reductions in household food waste and associated greenhouse gases.
A nationwide skin protection program introduced in hairdressing vocational schools was followed by a decreased risk of occupational hand eczema
Authors: Havmose Martin , Uter Wolfgang , Gefeller Olaf , Friis Ulrik F. , Thyssen Jacob P. , Zachariae Claus , Johansen Jeanne D.
Published: August 2022

Background

Compliance with glove use and safe work practices are important factors in primary prevention of occupational hand eczema (OHE) in hairdressers.

Objective

To assess the risk OHE and compliance with skin protective measures in hairdressers trained before and after implementation of a nationwide skin protection program in Danish hairdressing vocational schools in 2011.

Methods

A repeated cross‐sectional study was performed. A questionnaire was sent in 2009 and 2020. The Danish Labour Market Supplementary Pension Scheme provided information on yearly payments from the hairdressing profession.

Results

A response rate of 66.6% (305/460) was obtained in the 2009 survey and of 29.9% (363/1215) in the 2020 survey. The career time prevalence of OHE decreased from 42.8% to 29.0% (adjusted odds ratio 0.55 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40‐0.77) and the incidence rate of OHE decreased from 57.5 (95%CI 48.4‐68.4) to 42.0 (95%CI 34.6‐50.9) per 1000 person years (incidence rate ratio 0.73 [95%CI 0.56‐0.95] between the two surveys). A statistically significant (P < .05) increase in glove use when doing wet‐work and when handling hair dyes, permanent wave solutions and bleaching products was observed in the 2020 compared to the 2009 survey.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that skin protection training during apprenticeship reduces the risk of OHE in hairdressers. The lack of primary prevention of OHE in hairdressing vocational schools may be a missed opportunity in the prevention of the disease.
The effect of care receivers' dysphagia severity on caregiver burden among family caregivers
Authors: Suzuki Mizue , Kimura Yosuke , Otobe Yuhei , Koyama Shingo , Terao Yusuke , Kojima Iwao , Masuda Hiroaki , Tanaka Shu , Yamada Minoru
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Dysphagia has received much attention as a factor that affects caregiver burden. However, few studies have examined how its severity can affect caregiver burden. This study aimed to examine the effect of dysphagia severity on caregiver burden.

Methods

A cross‐sectional online survey was carried out among family caregivers. We assessed caregiver burden using the Zarit Burden Interview. The dysphagia severity was assessed using the Functional Oral Intake Scale, and the caregivers were divided into three groups based on care receivers' oral intake status (levels 1–3: tube‐feeding group; levels 4–6: texture‐modified food group; level 7: normal group). To investigate the relationship between caregiver burden and dysphagia severity, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to caregiver burden.

Results

The Zarit Burden Interview was significantly higher in the texture‐modified food group, and the proportions of high caregiver burden reached 25.2%, 39.5% and 23.4% in the normal group, texture‐modified food group and tube‐feeding group, respectively. The multivariable analyses applied to caregiver burden (reference, normal group) showed that the texture‐modified food group was significantly associated with caregiver burden (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.04–2.32), whereas the tube‐feeding group had no relationship with caregiver burden (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.31–1.49).

Conclusions

Our study showed that the intake of texture‐modified food significantly affected caregiver burden even after adjusting for confounding factors, whereas the use of tube feeding did not increase caregiver burden. These results suggest that it is necessary to consider dysphagia severity to reduce dysphagia‐related caregiver burden. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 870–875.
Informal networks as investment: A qualitative analysis from Uganda and Tanzania
Authors: Baez‐Camargo Claudia , Costa Jacopo , Koechlin Lucy
Published: August 2022

The paper interprets informal networks as investments made by citizens and business people to cope with the public sphere. Informal networks often orchestrate corruption, connecting public and private actors. The paper aims to understand their key characteristics, scopes, and functional roles. Ten mini case studies from Tanzania and Uganda are studied. The research applies narrative analysis to explore the experiences of citizens, entrepreneurs, and low‐level public officials, who built informal networks as a problem‐solving mechanism. It uses a grounded theory approach. The findings serve as working hypotheses about variables and patterns emerging from the bottom‐up analysis. The paper outlines: (a) whether there are distinct types of informal networks associated with particular types of corruption; (b) how, why and by whom these networks are built; (c) whether different individuals play specific roles; (d) the unwritten expectations and norms that govern such networks. The results highlight critical implications for anti‐corruption practice, showing, for example, how this can be strengthened by shifting the intervention unit from individuals to networks.
Physical activity pattern and migraine according to aura symptoms in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA‐Brasil) cohort: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Oliveira Arão Belitardo , Peres Mario Fernando Prieto , Mercante Juliane Prieto Peres , Molina Maria del Carmen B. , Lotufo Paulo A. , Benseñor Isabela M. , Goulart Alessandra C.
Published: August 2022

Objective

To estimate the associations of physical activity (PA) levels with migraine subtypes.

Background

Physical activity has been associated with reduced migraine prevalence, but less is known about its relationship with migraine subtypes and PA levels as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO).

Methods

In this cross‐sectional analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA‐Brasil), we estimated the odds ratios (ORs) of migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO), compared to participants without headaches, according to PA levels in the leisure time (LTPA), commuting time (CPA), and combined PA domains.

Results

In total, 2773 participants provided complete data, 1556/2773 (56.1%) were women, mean (SD) age of 52.3 (9.1) years. In this study's sample, 1370/2773 (49.4%) participants had overall migraine, 480/2773 (17.3%) had MA, and 890/2773 (32.0%) had MO. In the LTPA domain, there were reduced odds of MA (OR 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53–0.96; p = 0.030) and MO (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.56–0.90; p = 0.005) in participants who met the WHO PA guidelines after adjustment for confounder variables. In the analyses stratified by intensity, moderate LTPA was associated with reduced odds of MA (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.320–0.99; p = 0.049), while vigorous LTPA was associated with reduced odds of MO (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.395–0.77; p = 0.001). There were no significant associations between migraine subtypes and CPA or combined PA domains. In the whole migraine sample, meeting the WHO PA guidelines in the LTPA (OR 0.275, 95% CI 0.083–0.90; p = 0.034), CPA (OR 0.194, 95% CI 0.064–0.58; p = 0.004), and combined domains (OR 0.115, 95% CI 0.032–0.41; p = 0.001) was associated with reduced odds of daily migraine attack frequency.

Conclusions

Meeting the WHO PA guidelines for LTPA, but not CPA or combined PA domains, is associated with lower migraine occurrence. Moderate LTPA favors MA reduction, while vigorous LTPA favors MO reduction.
Hypothesis: HEG1 and claudin‐4 staining will allow a diagnosis of epithelioid and biphasic mesothelioma versus non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma with only two stains in most cases
Authors: Churg Andrew , Naso Julia R
Published: August 2022

Separation of mesothelioma from metastatic carcinoma requires immunohistochemical support, with small batteries of stains recommended as a starting‐point, but these numbers commonly expand to 10, 12 or more stains, a process that is not only expensive but frequently generates anomalous or confounding results, leading to even more stains. Here we review data on HEG1 clone SKM9‐2, a new (now commercially available) mesothelioma marker and claudin‐4, a broad‐spectrum carcinoma marker, to ask whether these two stains are sufficient, by themselves, to separate mesotheliomas from non‐small‐cell lung (NSCLC) as well as other carcinomas. Data for HEG1, derived from four laboratories, showed membrane staining in 393 of 434 (91%) epithelioid/biphasic mesotheliomas and one of 360 (0.3%) NSCLC (sensitivity 91%, specificity 99.7%). Reports from seven laboratories evaluating claudin‐4 in NSCLC showed positivity in 469 of 502 (93%) carcinomas and weak positivity in five of 463 (1.0%) epithelioid/biphasic mesotheliomas (sensitivity 93%, specificity 98.9%). Comparable results were found with carcinomas from other sites, except for serous and thyroid carcinomas, some of which react with HEG1 but are also positive for claudin‐4. For sarcomatoid mesotheliomas, HEG1 sensitivity is modest and staining sometimes difficult to interpret. We hypothesise that the combination of HEG1 and claudin‐4 immunostaining will potentially allow the separation of epithelioid/biphasic mesotheliomas from NSCLC carcinomas with high accuracy using only two immunostains in most cases. This combination will probably also work for carcinomas from most other sites, but more reports on HEG1 SKM9‐2 staining of carcinomas other than NSCLC are needed. This approach would greatly simplify the diagnosis of mesothelioma.