bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding practices in mothers: a qualitative study
Authors: Marzuki Nanis S. , Yohmi Elizabeth , Nainggolan Eveline , Hegar Badriul , Oswari Hanifah , Partiwi I Gusti Ayu Nyoman
Published: August 2016

Background Despite the WHO and UNICEF recorrunendations, the well-known breastfeeding benefits, and the efforts to promote and support breastfeeding; exclusive breastfeeding by Indonesian mothers remains low and contributes to high infant mortality rates.Objective To elucidate the fac tors that influence mothers' choices for infant feedingMethods This qualitative study was conducted as part of a nationwide survey. The study included 36 in-depth interviews of mothers with infants aged 0-11 months, and health care professionals, including general practitioners, pediatricians, and midwives. This study was performed between 0 cto ber - November 2 0 l 0 in both rural and urban areas of 4 provinces in Indon esia.Results We found that most mothers intended to breastfeed and had positive perceptions of breastfeeding. However, mothers faced many challenges in the practice of exclusive and proper breastfeeding. Additionally, the perceived definition of exclusive breastfeeding varied among the participants, leading to n on-exclusive breastfeeding attitudes. The most frequent reasons for mothers to introduce additional milk formula or food were the perception of an inadequate milk supply, infant dissatisfaction or fu ssiness after feeding. Different perceptions were also demonstrated in different regions and the varying levels of socioeconomic status. Health care practitioners (HCPs) were the most reliable source for giving adequate information, but unfortunately, they were not easily accessible and provided inconsistent information. Consequently, closely-related family members were the major contributors of information to a mother'schoice of infant feeding; because they were easily accessible.Conclusion Factors influencing mothers in their breastfeeding practices are their basic knowledge, demographic and socioeconomic status, as well as the availability of support from closelyrelatedfamily members, friends, and HCPs.
Relationship between small for gestational age and aortic intima-media thickness in newborns
Authors: Alfarizi Ahmad Bayu , Nova Ria , Tasli Julniar Mawardi , Theodorus Theodorus
Published: August 2016

Background Small for gestational age (SGA) has been associatedwith adult cardiovascular disease. Small for gestational agenewborns may undergo early aortic wall intima-media thickening(aIMT) in utero.Objective To determine the relationship between SGA as a riskfactor for increased aIMT, as a sign of atherosclerosis onset.Methods We conducted a case-control study in the Neonatal Wardand Rooming-in Nursery at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital,Palembang, between April to June 2012. Subjects were allocatedto either the case group (aIMT 2: 0.9 mm) or to the controlgroup (aIMT <0.9 mm). Newborns were classified as SGA iftheir birthweight (BW) was < l O'h percentile, and appropriatefor gestational age (AGA) if their BW was between lQth - 90'hpercentile, according to the Lubchenco curve. Abdominal aorticintima-media thickness was measured by echocardiographyexamination.Results The case and control groups consisted of 30 n ewbornseach. The proportion of SGA newborns was higher in the casegroup than the control group. The likelihood of infants in the casegroup being SGA was significantly higher compared to the controlgroup, with odds ratio of 10.8 (95%CI 3,26 to 35, 72) . The meanaIMT was significantly higher in SGA than in AGA infants, 0.9(SD 0.16) mm vs. 0.8 (SD 0.13) mm, respectively, with a meandifference of 0, 13 (9 5% CI 0, 050 to 0,209 mm; P"" 0,02).Conclusion Increased aIMT is more likely found in SGA newborns.
Physical activity, eating patterns, and insulin resistance in obesity
Authors: Huriyati Erny , Nugroho Perdana Samekto , Susilowaty Rina , Julia Madarina
Published: August 2016

Background Unhealthy eating patterns and physical inactivityare associated with obesity. Insulin resistance, an early sign of type2 diabetes mellitus, is common in obese individuals.Objective To assess for an association between physical activity andeating patterns to insulin resistance in obese female adolescents.Methods Subjects were 77 obese female adolescents aged 13-15years. Peripheral blood specimens were obtained for measurementsof fasting blood glucose, insulin, and the homeostatic modelassessment (HOMA) index. Subjects were considered to be in astate of insulin resistance for HOMA index 2::3. 16. Physical activityrecalls for 7 x 24h were performed to obtain information on subjects'energy expenditure, as well as intensity and duration of physicalactivity. Data on nutrients intake was also obtained using 7 x 24hfood recalls. Fat intake was categorized into saturated fatty acid(SAFA), unsaturated fatty acid (UNSAF A), monounsaturated fattyacid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA).Results Subjects spent most of their time on light activities, 23 .5(SD 2.0) hours/day. Those with insulin resistance spent slightly moretime doing light activities. Conversely, they spent less time in vigorousactivities, a mean difference of 4.96 (95%CI 0.61 to 9.31) minutes/day (P=o 0.01). Subjects who spent less than 1 minute/day in heavyactivities had higher odds for insulin resistance, (OR 3. 14; 95%CI1.20 to 8.50; P=o0.02). There were no relationships found betweennutrients intake, such as energy, protein, fats (SAFA, UNSAFA,MUFA, and PUFA), or carbohydrates, and insulin resistance.Conclusion In obese female adolescents, physical inactivityis associated with insulin resistance, while nutrients intakeis not associated with insulin resistance.
Anemia among children and adolescents in a rural area
Authors: Widjaja Ivan Riyanto , Widjaja Felix Firyanto , Santoso Lucyana Alim , Wonggokusuma Erick , Oktaviati Oktaviati
Published: August 2016

Background Anemia in children and adolescents affects growthand development. It is a preventable disease, but unfortunately isoften ignored until the symptoms occur. There have been limitedreports on the prevalence of anemia in children and adolescentsin Indonesia, especially from rural areas.Objective To describe the prevalence of anemia in children andadolescents in district ofMalinau, a rural area in East KalimantanProvince.Methods This cross-sectional study was done in June 20 10 usinglaboratory records between July 2009 to January 20 10. Laboratoryrecords of patients aged between 6 months and 18 years whichinvestigated were complete blood count (CBC) from ambulatory,inpatient, and emergency care ofMalinau Public Hospital in EastKalimantan. Mentzer and England & Fraser indices were used todifferentiate iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and thalassemia amongmicrocytic hypochromic anemic patients.Results This study involved 709 laboratory records. Prevalenceof anemia was 53 .9% (95% CI 50.2% to 57 .5%) . The prevalenceof IDA among age groups were as follows: 29.4% (95% CI 24.3to 34.5%) in 6- 59 months group, 16% (95% CI 11 to 21 %) in5- 11.9 years, and 15.2% (95% CI 10.2 to 20.2%) in 12- 18 years.Children aged 6- 59 months tended to have more anemia th anthose aged 5- 11.9 years (OR 2. 184, 95% CI 1.398 to 3.413) oraged 12- 18 years (OR 2.3 19, 95% CI 1.464 to 3.674).Conclusion T he prevalence of an emia in children andadolescents of the Malinau Regency is 53 .9% (95% CI 50.2 to57.5%), quite similar to that of other developing countries . Agovernment program to overcome anemia is recommended, n otonly for pregnant women, but also for children and adolescents.
Viabilidade econômica da produção de crisântemos
Authors: Shiroto Caio Shigueaki , Peres Narah Vieira , Sabbag Omar Jorge
Published: August 2016

The segment of flower production in Brazil has shown remarkable development in recent years. The chrysanthemum is a product of extensive sales throughout Brazil and the diversity of types and colors, resistance to transport, excellent durability, and its easy adaptation to different regions make it as one of the main products in the various markets. This study aimed to evaluate the cost and economic viability of commercial production of potted chrysanthemums in the Atibaia, São Paulo State. For the total cost of production (6,413 vases/month) expenses cuttings accounted for 36.4% of inputs and 26.4% of the EOC (effective operational cost), followed by labor, with 16% of the TOC (total operational cost) achieving a profitability index 27.7%. It was found, based on cash flow, an IRR (internal rate of return) of 10.27% IRR (internal rate of return) already for the 6th productive year, showing attractive results for this segment considering the improving producer profitability is proportional to better production indicators. Note that to get a higher return activity, more efficient managements are required, resulting in lower losses and higher operating earnings, being necessary to take into account the cost management and production system are also essential to success in cultivation.
Academic Study of Indonesian Islam: A Biographical Account, 1970-2014
Authors: Steenbrink Karel A
Published: August 2016

In the humanities, including religious studies, personal factors often play a role in the selection of topic and methodology of research. This autobiographical sketch gives an overview of a long career in the study of religion in Indonesia, from the selection of the topic for doctoral research, through various jobs and academic projects until some work written in a period of retirement. The author’s background of liberal Catholicism with much interest in non-official popular religiosity, has influenced an approach in Islamic Studies and a selective attention for the boundaries between official and more popular religiosity, for literary and artistic expressions rather than for rigid doctrinal traditions. This history is told from field work to pesantren education in the early 1970s, the variety of Islamic history of Indonesia in the 1980s, until a major work in three volumes on the Catholic traditions of Indonesia in the period 1990-2010.[Dalam ilmu humaniora, termasuk studi keagamaan, faktor-faktor pribadi sering mempengaruhi pemilihan topik dan metodologi penelitian. Uraian biografis ringkas ini menggambarkan perjalanan panjang sebagai peneliti agama di Indonesia, mulai dari pemilihan topik riset disertasi, melewati beragam pekerjaan dan proyek-proyek akademik, sampai dengan beberapa karya yang ditulis sesudah pensiun. Latar belakang penulis sebagai penganut Katolik liberal dan banyak tertarik pada keberagamaan populer non-resmi, mempengaruhi pendekatan dalam pengkajian Islam dan perhatian khusus pada batas-batas antara agama resmi dan agama populer, pada ungkapan-ungkapan sastrawi dan seni daripada tradisi-tradisi doktriner yang kaku. Kisah ini berangkat dari pengalaman penelitian lapangan di lingkungan pendidikan pesantren pada tahun 1970an, kemudian serpihan-serpihan sejarah Indonesia pada tahun 1980an, sampai dengan penulisan tiga jilid buku penting tentang tradisi-tradisi Katolik Indonesia pada tahun 1990-2010.]
Practicing Uncertainty: Scenario-Based Preparedness Exercises in Israel
Authors: Samimian-Darash Limor
Published: August 2016

In this article, I analyze how the Turning Point scenario-based exercise works as a technology-based uncertainty, both in its conceptualization of the future and in its enactment. The Israeli preparedness exercise involves the activation of and reaction to a chosen event, one that does not replicate the past or attempt to predict the future. Though designed to challenge responders, the scenario does not represent a worst-case event but a plausible one. With this technology, the Israeli preparedness system is directed neither toward producing specific responses nor toward discovering the best solutions for an unknown future. Rather, the technology generates uncertainty through its execution, from which new problems are extracted. I examine both the discursive and the dispositional aspects of the Turning Point scenario, approaching it as a narrative put into action. I thus go beyond the conceptualization of the future underlying this technology and address how it practices uncertainty.
Detection Techniques for Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Biofilms: A Review
Authors: Pan Mei , Zhu Liang , Chen Lin , Qiu Yunpeng , Wang Jun
Published: August 2016

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are one of the main components of biofilm, prompting biofilm to form a cohesive three-dimensional framework. Numerous methods are available to help characterize the properties and the structural, chemical and physical organizations of EPS during the biofilm formation process. This review highlights key techniques from different disciplines that have been successfully applied in-situ and non-destructively to describe the complex composition and distribution of EPS in biofilm, especially microscopic, spectroscopic, and the combination of multi-disciplinary methods that can provide new insights into the complex structure/function correlations in biofilms. Among them, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is emphasized, and its principles, applications, advantages, and limitations are summarized. Multidisciplinary techniques have been developed and recommended to study EPS during the biofilm formation process, providing more in-depth insights into the composition and spatial distributions of EPS, so as to improve our understanding of the role EPS plays in biofilms ultimately.
Fundamentals of Stereolithography, an Useful Tool for Diagnosis in Dentistry
Authors: Islas Ruiz DDS Ma. del Socorro , Loyola Frías DDS Miguel Ángel , Martínez Rider DDS Ricardo , Pozos Guillén DDS, PhD Amaury , Garrocho Rangel DDS, PhD Arturo
Published: August 2016

Advancements in digital technology and imaging over the last 25 years have permitted the implementation of three-dimensional (3D) modeling protocols in Dentistry. The use of stereolithographic models has progressively replaced traditional milled models and x-rays in the management of craniofacial anomalies and in implant rehabilitation. Diverse advantages can be mentioned, including better visualization of complex anatomical structures and more precise and sophisticated pre-surgical planning, through a simulated insight of the procedures of interest. The aim of this review is to provide essential information about the different applications and limitations of stereolithography, addressed to those general dentists and dental students interested in gaining experience in the reconstructive surgery and implant placement fields.
Prevalence of Shovel-Shaped in Patients of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Costa Rica. A Pilot Study
Authors: Bolaños DDS Violeta
Published: August 2016

The objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of shovel shaped teeth in a group of patients between 4 and 14 years old. A descriptive transversal clinical study was done by observing the patients of the Odontopediatrics Clinic, during March 2013 and December 2014. The Statistical Logistic Regression Method was used to study the prevalence of the abnormality by gender. The results showed that 96 patients presented shovel shaped teeth, which corresponds to 32% of the population; from which 13% were boys and 19% were girls. Concluding that the prevalence of shovel shaped teeth with a 95% of confidentiality was of 32%.
Quiste radicular infectado. Revisión de conceptos básicos y reporte de un caso clínico
Authors: Rojas Jimenez DDS Diego , Zamora Arce Daniela , Vargas Monge Natalia , Guillén Colombari DDS, MSc Diego
Published: August 2016

Odontogenic cysts are divided into development and inflammatory cysts. Periapical or radicular cyst of inflammatory origin, remains the most frequently described odontogenic cyst and is formed from the epithelial rests of Malassez in the periodontal ligament as a result of apical periodontitis after the pulpal necrosis. The treatment of these lesions is variable, sometimes the lesion is resolved with an endodontic treatment, or combination with certain surgical procedures (biopsy, marsupialization, decompression). However, in cases do not resolved with the initial endodontic treatment or retreatment, which should be combined with enucleation, apicoectomy. It is presented bellow a clinical case of a male patient with a tumor lesion on the vestibular sulcus in oral mucosa associated with dental organ 1.1. Radiological study was performed, it proceeds with incisional biopsy resulting reports periapical cyst, surgically enucleation and curettage of the lesion was performed.
Radix Entomolaris
Authors: Filos DDS Carlos
Published: August 2016

A comprehensive knowledge of the root canal morphology and its variations is a basic requisite for the success of the endodontic treatment. Mandibular molars may present a third or additional root, which if located lingually is called radix entomolaris or bucally is referred as radix paramolaris. This case report shows an endodontic retreatment of a radix entomolaris and details some variations in the approach to guarantee a successful terapy.
Validación de un instrumento para conocer el nivel de satisfacción de pacientes rehabilitados con prótesis removible
Authors: Valverde DDS Anabelle , Vargas DDS, MSc Tatiana , Fernández DDS, MSc Ottón
Published: August 2016

The survey is an element of health data collection. The validity of the questionnaire is essential to achieve useful evidence, being a crucial aspect in identifying and correcting sources of bias during data collection. Verbal and cognitive tests are recognized as a tool to assess whether questions cause problems for both, the interviewer and the interviewee. The aim of this study was to validate the OHIP-49 and OHIP-19 instruments in a sample of Costa Ricans applying cognitive tests such as probing and thinkalouds and then a standard pretest. In a sample of 15 individuals rehabilitated with dentures a questionnaire of 42 items was applied that served as a cognitive test. Also 20 individuals performed a standard pretest using the telephone. The validation of this instrument served to determine the final sample for a further investigation and also to collect information about the duration of the survey as well as its comprehension.
N-Telopeptide of Type I Collagen Long-Term Dynamics in Breast Cancer Patients With Bone Metastases: Clinical Outcomes and Influence of Extraskeletal Metastases
Authors: Ferreira Arlindo R. , Alho Irina , Shan Ning , Matias Margarida , Faria Mariana , Casimiro Sandra , Leitzel Kim , Ali Suhail , Lipton Allan , Costa Luís
Published: August 2016

Background.

Markers of bone metabolism, such as N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX), have been demonstrated to be prognostic in previous trials of breast cancer (BC) patients with bone metastases (BMs). In the present study, we tested the survival effect of the NTX response to zoledronic acid (ZA) at 3 and 12 months in a contemporaneous cohort of BC patients with BMs and evaluated the influence of extraskeletal metastatic disease on NTX variation.

Patients and Methods.

The present study was a prospective cohort study of consecutive BC patients diagnosed and treated at a single center. Patients presenting with de novo radiological evidence of BMs who started monthly intravenous ZA were included. Urinary NTX was measured at baseline and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after ZA introduction.

Results.

Overall, 71 patients were enrolled, 32 with BMs and 39 with BMs plus extraskeletal metastases. The proportion of patients with elevated NTX at baseline and 3 and 12 months was 49.3%, 26.6%, and 34.2%, respectively. The variables associated with survival included age at diagnosis, tumor estrogen receptor status, and NTX at 3 and 12 months. Multivariate analysis showed that, in addition to age at diagnosis, only the 3-month NTX level was significantly associated with survival. Patients with BMs plus extraskeletal metastases had an erratic NTX variation pattern, unrelated to survival.

Conclusion.

In the present contemporaneous cohort of BC patients with BMs, the NTX response at 3 months was strongly associated with survival. Furthermore, an early response to ZA was strongly associated with long-term NTX control. Finally, patients with BMs plus extraskeletal metastases had an erratic NTX variation.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Herzberg Benjamin , Campo Meghan J. , Gainor Justin F.
Published: August 2016

Historically, lung cancer was long considered a poorly immunogenic malignancy. In recent years, however, immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutic agents in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To date, the best characterized and most therapeutically relevant immune checkpoints have been cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) pathway. In early studies, PD-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors demonstrated promising antitumor activity and durable clinical responses in a subset of patients. Based on these encouraging results, multiple different PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have entered clinical development, and two agents (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) have gained regulatory approval in the United States for the treatment of NSCLC. In several large, randomized studies, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have produced significant improvements in overall survival compared with single-agent docetaxel delivered in the second-line setting, effectively establishing a new standard of care in NSCLC. In the present report, we provide an overview of the rationale for checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer, recent clinical trial data, and the need for predictive biomarkers.
Control of saltwater intrusion by aquifer storage and recovery
Authors: Hussain Mohammed S. , Javadi Akbar A. , Sherif Mohsen M. , Naseri-Karim-Vand Reza
Published: August 2016

This paper presents the results obtained from the application of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) technique to control seawater intrusion (SWI) in coastal aquifers. The study is based on the numerical modelling experiments performed using the SUTRA (Saturated–Unsaturated TRAnsport) finite-element code on the Wadi Ham aquifer in the UAE. A three-dimensional numerical model of this aquifer is developed and calibrated based on the available hydrogeological data in real scale. A significant amount of SWI has been calculated for the year 2015 due to the high rates of pumping from the available local well fields. To study the future responses of the aquifer to different control actions, the transient responses of SWI are simulated over a 10-year planning horizon. The proposed management measure (ASR) is implemented in repeated cycles of artificial recharge, storage and recovery using an additional set of wells defined in the model. The results show that ASR is a reliable method in controlling SWI in coastal aquifer systems besides its conventional role in subsurface water banking.
Alienation and Betrayal: A Comparative Study of Okonkwo and Said Mahran
Authors: Hezam Abdulrahman Mokbel Mahyoub
Published: August 2016

The study aims at tracing out the analogous creative credo Chinua Achebe and Naguib Mahfouz share and decipher it through their novels Things Fall Apart and The Thief and the Dogs. The focus is on examining alienation and betrayal as two of the recurring themes in modern novel in general and Third World novel in particular. One of the objectives of the study is to show how social change affects the lives of the protagonists in both novels in two societies that undergo a transition resulting, in varying degrees. These novelists present a painstaking study of the effects of this change on the sensibility of Okonkwo and Said Mahran which shows their understanding of the social forces at work at the time and their skill in using their knowledge of human psychology to develop their central characters Okonkwo and Said. The comparative methodology is used to understand the reaction of both men to the social changes around them in the light of their personalities and their social background.
A Critique of Politeness Theories
Authors: Al-Hindawi Fareed H. , Alkhazaali Musaab A. Raheem
Published: August 2016

This paper presents a critique of politeness theories. As such, it aims to show the shortcomings and defects of the different theoretical foundations and pragmatic models of politeness. This work is hopefully supposed to be significant for the specialists and analysts in the field of pragmatics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics and conversational analysis, ethnomethodology and communication studies. On the basis of the results of the criticism, it has been concluded that politeness theories suffer from different shortcomings and problems that lessen their efficiency in the successful analysis of interactive communication. Universalism, for instance, is not well-defined by Brown and Levinsons’ theory. Leech’s model is limited to some speech acts. Besides, his model is not clear whether to cover culture-specific as well as cross-cultural aspects of communication.
The Effects of Collaborative and Individual Planning on Iranian Male and Female EFL Learners' Writing Ability
Authors: Mirazi Sara , Mahmoudi Asgar
Published: August 2016

This article is concerned with the effects of planning type (individual vs. collaborative) and gender on EFL learners' writing quality. The interaction of these two types of variables is also investigated. In a quasi-experimental design, the performance of two collaborative-planning and two individual-planning groups were compared. In each of these planning situations there was a male group and a female group with 26 students of the same proficiency level. All four groups underwent 8 treatment sessions. Results of the Paired-samples T-tests revealed that both types of planning had been effective in improving the learners’ writing performance. Moreover, based on the MANOVA results, there was no interaction between the two independent variables of the study and the main effect was significant only for the planning type. Findings of the study highlight the significance of planning, whether individually or collaboratively, before writing tasks.
Examining English Language Teachers through Metaphorical Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xin
Published: August 2016

This paper investigated students’ conceptualizations of English language teacher. Metaphors play an essential part in understanding of a variety of disciplines and educational issues. It is regarded as a powerful means to examine students’ conceptualizations. This study elicited an exploratory angle, describing student participants’ conceptualizations of English language teacher through an analysis of metaphors they created in the ‘X is Y’ format (e.g., “EFL teacher is … because…”). The elicited metaphors were collected, categorized and analyzed. Through the understanding of students’ beliefs of English language teacher, it provided insightful suggestions for EFL teaching.
The Effect of Native Model Writing on the Vocabulary Richness of Iranian EFL Learners’ Written Text in a Four-stage Writing Task
Authors: Amirian Seyed Mohammad Reza , Behshad Azam
Published: August 2016

Vocabulary is a main part of English language teaching because without sufficient vocabulary students cannot understand others or express their own thoughts. “A repeating inquiry in the historical backdrop of language teaching research has been that of how vocabulary can be best organized for learning “(see McArthur 1998; Howatt and Widdowson 2004 for historical reviews). The present study investigated a group of Iranian EFL students’ knowledge for vocabulary learning and their vocabulary size. This study aimed at investigating the role of native-like writing in enhancing learners' writing ability by sensitizing them to select more native-like terms and expressions through improving their vocabulary knowledge. For this purpose the researcher used native models in two revisions of story in four-stage writing task that consisted of output, comparison, and two revisions. The question that researchers asked was whether giving native models later turns into better performance. At the end it is concluded that the 4-satge native model of writing helps L2 learners to write a well-formed English narrative and make use of better terms and expressions as well as helping teachers understand the formulation problems of EFL writers and what the students notice. That is, the gap between the way that they write and the native models to which they compare themselves.
Samsun’da Erken Çocukluk Çağı Zehirlenmeleri 2010-2015
Authors: Polat Salih Tunahan , Çağlayan Serkan , Turla Ahmet , Aydın Berna
Published: August 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess cases in early childhood age group (1-4 years of age) who were admitted to Ondokuz Mayıs University Health Application and Research Center due to poisoning and to obtain guiding results in taking protective measures. Materials and Methods: 761 children between the ages of 1 to 4 who were admitted to Ondokuz Mayıs University Health Application and Research Center between 01 August 2010 and 31 July 2015 with a diagnosis of poisoning were included in the study.The data obtained with this cross sectional study was analyzed by using SPSS statistic program.Results: 413 (54,3%) of the cases were male, while 348 (45,7%) were female. The highest number of cases were admitted in the months of July (11,8%) and May (11,6%), on Mondays (18,3%) and between the hours 16.00-23.59. Drugs were statistically significantly the most common reason (48,3%) for poisoning in children.Conclusion: In early childhood age group, trainings for parents or caregivers against poisoning that may happen in the house are quite important. In addition, labor force planning should be arranged by considering admission times in emergency services to make sure that patients are exposed to poison for a shorter period of time.Keywords: Childhood, Poisoning, Accident, Emergency department, Prevention.
Fit Adequacy of Dichotomous Logit Response Models of the Regressor Bernoulli and Binomial Probability Distributions
Authors: Ugwuanyim G. Uzodinma , Ogbonna Chukwudi Justin
Published: August 2016

Logit models belong to the class of probability models that determine discrete probabilities over a limited number of possible outcomes. They are often called ‘Quantal Variables’ or ‘Stimulus and Response Models’ in Biological Literature. The conventional R2 measure of goodness-of-fit is problematic in logit models. This has therefore led to the proposal of several alternative goodness-of-fit measures. But researchers in this area have identified the base rate problem in using these several alternative goodness-of-fit measures. This research is an extension of work done by people in this area. Specifically, this research is aimed at investigating the goodness-of-fit performances of eight statistics using the Bernoulli and Binomial distributions as explanatory variables under various scenarios. The study will draw conclusions on the “best” fit. The data for the study was generated through simulation and analysed using the multiple correlation analysis. The findings clearly show that for the Bernoulli Distribution, the goodness-of-fit statistics to use are: RO2, RC2, RM2 and λp; and for the Binomial Distribution, the goodness-of-fit statistics to use are: and RN2 and λp. RO2 stood out as the “best” goodness-of-fit statistics.
The Sum Degree Distance and the Product Degree Distance of Generalized Transformation Graphs Gab
Authors: Mirajkar Keerthi G. , Priyanka Y.B.
Published: August 2016

In this contribution, we consider line splitting graph LS(G) of a graph G as transformation graph G++ of Gab. We investigate the sum degree distance DD+(G) and product degree distance DD*(G) of transformation graph Gab, which are weighted version of Wiener index. The Transformation graphs of Gab are G++, G+-, G-+ and G--.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DOS VALORES NO AMBIENTE ESCOLAR: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Spíndola Márcia , Mousinho Silvia Helena
Published: August 2016

No atual contexto da globalização, caracterizado pela mundialização neoliberal, a sociedade exige cada vez mais indivíduos dotados de poder de decisão e iniciativa. Um novo olhar nos encaminha a novas práticas educativas e a ressignificar o papel do professor. Reconhecendo a complexidade das relações humanas quando a prioridade é educar em direção à autonomia, esse trabalho, através das concepções de Piaget sobre o desenvolvimento moral na criança, faz considerações sobre a importância de educar em valores. Cabe salientar que as contribuições de Piaget foram essenciais para a compreensão do desenvolvimento da moralidade, e a subjetividade inerente a esse objeto de estudo tem favorecido a integração de áreas afins em uma dimensão complementar. Não existem conteúdos específicos para trabalhar valores, e o seu caráter de natureza abstrata e não diretiva requer uma visão holística do conceito de educação para que tenhamos êxito em nosso propósito. No indissociável binômio teoria/prática, o objetivo maior do educador é possibilitar que o aluno construa a sua própria escala de valores, baseado na reflexão crítica sobre as condições humanas e que, ao longo desse processo, na conquista de sua autonomia, ele perceba que cabe ao homem a tomada de decisões diante das situações que comprometam a sua sobrevivência e a sua qualidade de vida. O presente trabalho pretende chamar a atenção para uma educação que nos desafia a repensar os rumos que a escola e nós, educadores, temos de assumir para educar visando à inteireza do ser humano. A nossa proposta é criar um espaço de reflexão a partir de um estudo de caso que, frequentemente, ocorre no nosso cotidiano profissional.
EDUCAÇÃO SEMIPRESENCIAL (A DISTÂNCIA) E PRESENCIAL: MOBILIDADE ACADÊMICA E INTEGRAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Gama Zacarias
Published: August 2016

O ponto de partida para a elaboração do presente texto foi a Deliberação CEA nº 04 de 14 de dezembro de 2009, que institui e regulamenta a mobilidade acadêmica e a integração de alunos dos cursos de EAD oferecidos pelo Consórcio CEDERJ e alunos presenciais das universidades consorciadas. O objetivo foi o de apreender a sua essência, situando-a no contexto da revolução global de reforma da administração pública, dar visibilidade à contradição que encerra, assim como às mediações que determinam seus movimentos e direções.
A EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES: A PERCEPÇÃO SOBRE O E-LEARNING EM UMA GRANDE EMPRESA NACIONAL
Authors: Ferreira André , Valério Juliana Nogarect da Silva , Souza Gustavo Costa
Published: August 2016

Este artigo busca verificar a percepção dos funcionários de um grande banco nacional sobre a eficácia do e-learning como ferramenta de aprendizagem, abordando aspectos relacionados à utilização dos recursos de informática, autodisciplina, instrutor em tempo integral, nível de aprendizado dos cursos e-learning, interatividade e qualidade gráfica, vantagem de determinar o horário de estudo, relação entre os cursos e-learning e as competências essenciais da empresa, aplicabilidade dos temas e a percepção dos correspondentes se o e-learning é uma tendência ou moda passageira. Os resultados indicam que, de forma geral, a aceitação da metodologia e-learning é bastante positiva por parte dos funcionários desta organização financeira e apontam para a necessidade de novos estudos que analisem a diferença do nível de aprendizagem entre cursos e-learning e cursos presenciais, formas de compensar a ausência de contato permanente entre instrutor e aluno no decorrer do curso e fatores que determinam a disciplina dos participantes para realização das atividades de e-learning.
EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA, EQUIPE DE PRODUÇÃO E INFORMAÇÃO: UMA PROPOSTA EM DEBATE
Authors: Cunha Claudia Silveira , Reis Alcenir Soares
Published: August 2016

Discute-se, a partir do processo de formação acadêmica e da experiência de trabalho na modalidade de educação à distância a importância de se incorporar, nas equipes de produção de material educativo para Educação à Distância (EAD) a dimensão informacional com o objetivo de evidenciar a interação e a contribuição entre a Educação à Distância (EAD) e a Ciência da Informação (CI). Destaca-se que a ausência das dimensões de seleção, organização, tratamento e disseminação da informação, atividades intrínsecas dos profissionais da informação (bibliotecários, cientistas da informação) atuam como variáveis intervenientes e limitadoras tanto na produção do material didático quanto na efetividade do processo de ensino-aprendizagem no âmbito deste processo educacional. Enfatizam-se as contribuições e as potencialidades de incorporação de fundamentos e técnicas informacionais que poderão advir da área da Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação, tanto no trabalho das equipes de produção quanto nas orientações de aprendizagem destinadas ao corpo discente, participantes da formação à distância.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A INOVAÇÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA: O CASO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Tiziotto Simone Aparecida , Cazarini Edson Walmir , Oliveira Jose Dutra , Oliveira Selma Martins
Published: August 2016

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de investigar e apresentar dados que podem contribuir para a identificação da Inovação efetivamente verificada nos últimos sete anos, na EAD (Educação a Distância) brasileira. Propõe uma discussão teórica orientada rumo às necessidades e trajetórias da Inovação na educação e do contexto da Inovação na EAD brasileira, bem como uma pesquisa de campo para conclusão da investigação. Para a obtenção dos resultados, foram analisados cinqüenta artigos apresentados em Congressos organizados pela ABED: Associação Brasileira de Educação a Distância, nos anos de 2004 a 2010, seguindo os procedimentos metodológicos de uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva, os quais proporcionaram a aquisição de visão global do tipo aproximativo em relação ao fato determinado. Na análise procurou-se identificar as inovações radicais e/ou incrementais dos processos nesta modalidade de ensino-aprendizagem. E ainda, buscou-se identificar os limites, as contribuições deste trabalho e as propostas para pesquisas futuras. Os resultados apontaram as principais inovações e seus respectivos percentuais de incidência, divididas em dezesseis áreas temáticas que variaram inovações pedagógicas e tecnológicas, até administrativas, institucionais e políticas, bem como as características destas inovações, as quais tem se mostrado essencialmente incrementais. Finalmente, observa-se que a capacidade de aprender com a análise reflexiva e com a experiência tornam-se fundamentais para as instituições de ensino brasileiras que pretendem inovar em seus projetos de EAD. Seja como for, os resultados mostraram-se satisfatórios validando a pesquisa apresentada.
ISOLAMENTO OU COLABORAÇÃO: PERCURSOS, TRAFEGOS E CAMINHOS NA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA
Authors: Cardoso Ana Maria , Carleto Nilvaldo , Genovez Maria Salete , Martini Rodrigues Silvia Cristina
Published: August 2016

As novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação­ promovem inúmeras mudanças no comportamento social e cultural em nossos dias. O que se sabe é que o impacto deste fenômeno repercute em inúmeros setores sociais, mas é na forma de comunicação e na educação que estes fatores ganham força. Aliás, o modo como o sujeito do século XXI faz uso e como se expressa através destes instrumentos talvez defina uma inegável quebra de paradigmas. Se as gerações anteriores estavam acostumadas a assistir a programas televisivos quase sempre relacionados à aplicabilidade e venda de um produto ou à determinação de comportamentos, agora, a interação através da internet e redes sociais redefine posturas. Este artigo reflete acerca dos condicionamentos impostos ao telespectador para, num segundo momento, discutir de que maneira as novas ferramentas de TICs podem contribuir para uma dinâmica aprendizagem em rede. Nesta perpectiva se fez um levantamento de artigos científicos, a fim de procurar compreender em que medida os estudantes têm se servido dos meios disponíveis para a interação em rede e no ambiente de aprendizagem online. O que se verifica, no entanto, é que os aprendizes ainda não conseguem se apoderar dos espaços de interação que estão a sua disposição, o que indica ser este um dos obstáculos para se vincular ao curso. O mau uso da linguagem e a falta de um sentimento de pertencimento, infelizmente, têm contribuído para que os estudantes ainda relutem ou se sintam perdidos no ambiente de educação a distância.
OS DESAFIOS DO DESENHO DIDÁTICO DA EDUCAÇÃO ONLINE EM TEMPOS DE CIBERCULTURA
Authors: COSTA Alice Maria Figueira Reis da , DE CARVALHO Felipe da Silva Ponte
Published: August 2016

O desenho didático e o exercício da tutoria sob a perspectiva da Educação Online (SILVA e SANTOS, 2006) assumem um papel conflitante diante das dicotomias em relação à educação à distância (EAD) tradicional presente no curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia da UERJ / Fundação CECIERJ. A estas dicotomias atribuímos às peculiaridades epistemológicas que perpassam as questões da metodologia, docência e do desenho didático realizado na disciplina Informática na Educação. Neste trabalho optamos por narrar às práticas[i] pedagógicas de professores pesquisadores tutores presenciais em espaçostempos[ii] onde se vive o fenômeno da cibercultura relativos aos Polos de Belford Roxo e Angra dos Reis, neste sentido encontramos na metodologia da pesquisa ação (BARBIER, 2007), (SANTOS, 2007), as orientações necessários para alavancar esta reflexão metodológica e didática deste curso de formação de professores, enquanto alteramos (CERTEAU, 2004) a nossa própria práxis (PESCE, 2010) . Para tal, investigamos a interface[iii] digital da plataforma CEDERJ, assim como outras, para que pudéssemos entender melhor as possibilidades da Educação Online na contemporaneidade dos usos de softwares sociais e da convergência das mídias digitais. Como resultado de nossa docência online colaboramos na tensão epistemológica existente entre o conceito tradicional de EAD e Educação Online. Este último conceito permeado pelos estudos da antropologia e sociologia que compreendem e refletem o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem humana em interatividade nas/com as hipermídias (SANTAELLA, 2004). [i]Para Alves (2007, p.6) em seu artigo sobre as razões das pesquisas no/dos/com os cotidianos afirma que: as práticas, para nós, são as ações dos praticantes nos seus viveres cotidianos, nas táticas com que enfrentam as estratégias do poder proprietário, como nos ensinou Certeau (1994). Com elas criam a vida: conhecimentos, saberes, valores, crenças, modos de usar diferentes dos que estão nas bulas e manuais, saídas para situações difíceis ou fáceis... [ii] Para Alves (2007, p. 2), juntar termos, pluralizá-los, algumas vezes invertê-los, outra duplicá-los foi à forma que conseguimos, até o presente momento para mostrar como as dicotomias necessárias na invenção da ciência moderna têm se mostrado limitante ao que precisamos criar para pesquisar nos/dos/com os cotidianos. [iii]Interface é um termo que, na informática e na cibercultura, ganha o sentido de dispositivo para encontro de duas ou mais faces em atitude comunicacional, dialógica ou polifônica (...). A interface está para a cibercultura como espaço online de encontro e de comunicação entre duas ou mais faces. É mais do que um mediador de interação ou tradutor de sensibilidades entre as faces. Isso sim seria ferramenta?, termo inadequado para exprimir o sentido de ambiente?, de espaço? no ciberespaço ou universo paralelo de zeros e uns? (JOHNSON, 2001, p. 19 apud SILVA, 2006).
Indicadores da sustentabilidade de uma propriedade rural de base familiar no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Gallo Anderson De Souza , Guimarães Nathalia De França , Cunha Camila , Santos Rebeca Darc de Paula , Carvalho Emerson Machado de
Published: August 2016

O presente trabalho avalia a sustentabilidade de uma propriedade rural de base familiar, no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, com o objetivo de apresentar linhas de trabalho para os aspectos menos sustentáveis e, dessa forma, alcançar maior sustentabilidade do sistema. O estudo foi realizado através de diagnóstico visual, baseando-se nos indicadores de sustentabilidade do método MESMIS “Marco para Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturales Incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidad”. Para avaliação foram utilizados 36 indicadores e três parâmetros, abordando aspectos ambientais, sociais e econômicos. O resultado obtido com a avaliação da unidade de produção rural evidencia que a propriedade se encontrada alterada, demonstrando a necessidade de intervenções para se alcançar maior sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econômica. A propriedade apresenta alguns pontos críticos relacionados à ausência de área de preservação permanente e/ou reserva legal, baixa adoção da prática de rotação de culturas, aplicação de defensivos agrícolas, não aproveitamento dos resíduos orgânicos da cozinha, descarte inadequado do óleo de cozinha residual, assistência técnica ineficiente e /ou ausente e a não utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) nas atividades laborais. O estudo possibilitou traçar planos e metas para que o produtor possa alcançar maior êxito na busca da sustentabilidade de sua propriedade e, dessa forma, inserir-se no mercado agrícola comprometido com um desenvolvimento ambientalmente amigável, socialmente justo e economicamente viável.
Using of lean tools in reverse logistics (leanverse logistics?)
Authors: Makány Gábor
Published: August 2016

Lots of manufacturer base their process planning on lean principles. A straight way of supply chain could use lean tools efficiently. What about reverse orientation of supply chains? Reverse logistics is one of the most remarkable pivot of reverse way supply chains. To form best and useable practices we may have should use proper lean tools. If it realizable at all... In my paper I ask for those conditions, elements, parts which are responsible for a well working reverse supply chain based on lean tool using systems. Which are the future effects if we use the proper lean tools? What are the consequences of a reverse supply chain works without lean tools.
The implementation of smart measurement from the viewpoint of the consumers
Authors: Szunyog Vivien
Published: August 2016

“Electricity suppliers, in accordance with the appropriation of the European Union, the Hungarian government, and the Hungarian Energy and Public Utility Regulatory Authority, have begun the preparations for implementing the so-called smart measurement system.” – That is how those consumers who were planned to receive a smart meter in their household were notified. The new meter was planned to have been set up within a month by the company’s employed mechanics. These are the reasons why I have chosen to examine the installment of smart meters from the viewpoint of the consumers. What benefits would this change bring to them? How can they save money by using smart meters? How can they influence their consumption? Are they willing to change their consumption habits? In my work, the starting point will be a sociodemographic attitude research that has already been carried out. Besides all this, I am going to describe the disadvantages of smart meters as well. I am going to present what other inventions suppliers are planning after the installment of smart meters by performing some calculations with the smart web portal’s smart tariff calculator. Finally, I am going to summarize the most important thoughts and conclusions.