bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prematurity and Body Fat at 6, 18, and 30 Years of Age: Pelotas (Brazil) 2004, 1993, and 1982 Birth Cohorts
Authors: Bortolotto Caroline Cardozo , Santos Iná , Vaz Juliana dos Santos , Matijasevich Alicia , B Aluísio J.D. , Barros Fernando C.
Published: October 2020

Background: Our aim was to investigate the association between preterm birth and body fat at 6, 18, and 30 years of age using data from three population-based birth cohort studies. Methods: Information on gestational age (GA) gathered in the hospital of birth in the first 24-hours after the delivery was obtained for all live births occurring in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, in the years 2004, 1993 and 1982. GA was defined by the date of last menstrual period and was later categorized in ≤33, 34-36 and ≥37 weeks. Body fat was assessed by air-displacement plethysmography. Outcomes included fat mass (FM, kg), percent fat mass (%FM), fat mass index (FMI, kg/m2), and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2 at 18 years in the 1993 cohort and at 30 years in the 1982 cohort; and BMI Z-score, at 6 years in the 2004 cohort). Crude and adjusted linear regression provided beta coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).Results: A total of 3036, 3027, and 2417 participants, respectively, from the 2004, 1993, and 1982 cohorts were analyzed. At 6 years, boys born at 34-36 weeks GA presented lower adjusted mean %FM (β: -2.91%; -4.45--1.36), FMI (β: -0.70 kg/m2 ; -1.13--0.28) and BMI Z-score (β: -0.48 kg/m2; -0.79--0.16), when compared to boys born at term (≥37). At 30 years, FM (15.6kg; 0.40-30.90), %FM (13.65%; 1.38-25.92) and FMI (5.3kg/m2; 0.30-10.37) were higher among males born at ≤33 weeks, with no statistical difference as compared to those born at term. No association was found between GA and body fat at the 1993 cohort (18 years) for both sexes. Conclusions: Given the large number of preterm infants born each year, prevention of prematurity is essential as there are possible links between body composition and diseases later in life.
Business Friendliness, Firm Performance and Owner’s Optimism
Authors: Kaya Halil D.
Published: October 2020

In this study, we attempt to find the factors that influence small business owners’ optimism as well as their company’s success. For this purpose, we use a survey done by Kauffman foundation. This survey asks business owners about their state’s performance in areas like “ease of starting a business”, “ease of hiring”, “regulations”, and “training and networking programs”. It also asks business owners questions about their firm’s performance and their optimism for the future. We run several tests to see if business owners are more optimistic and more successful in states with a high score in each “business friendliness” area. We show that, in the states with a higher business friendliness composite score, both growth in revenue and growth in employees are higher and also owners tend to be more encouraging to others. Regression analyses support these findings (except for growth in employees). Our results indicate that growth in revenue is driven mainly by the Ease of Start score. In other words, the revenues of small businesses grow faster in the states with a better initial registration/establishment process. Our results also indicate that growth in the number of employees is driven mainly by the Overall Regulations score. In other words, small businesses grow faster (in terms of the number of employees) in the states with more favorable regulations. With respect to whether or not the owners would encourage others to start a business in their state, our results show that all subcomponents (Ease of Start, Ease of Hire, Overall Regulations, and Training and Networking programs) are important. The owners are more encouraging to others when Ease of Start, Ease of Hire, Overall Regulations, and Training and Networking programs are all favorable. Overall, we conclude that while all components of business friendliness have a positive relation with the small business owners’ optimism, the link between the business friendliness score and firm performance is weaker. Ease of Start is important for growth in revenues and optimism, Ease of Hire is important for optimism only, Overall Regulations are important for growth in the number of employees and optimism, and Training and Networking Programs are crucial for optimism.

Keywords: regulations, business friendliness, small business, entrepreneurship, firm performance.
Artificial Intelligence: Serving American Security and Chinese Ambitions
Authors: Obeid H. , Hillani, F , Fakih R. , Mozannar K.
Published: October 2020

In recent years artificial intelligence has entered a new era, which gives rise to many hopes for powerful states such as the United States and China. In this paper, we analyze the importance and role of artificial intelligence in technological development in each of the two countries on the one hand, and its influence on China-American relations in terms of technological and geopolitical conflict. To get the right results, we rely on a literature review of dozens of articles published on the phenomenon in order to compare the power of artificial intelligence between the United States and China where we found that the US still has technological strength, especially in the field of artificial intelligence, but we can say that a large force is beginning pose a threat for it which is China that has great technological capabilities so, we can say that the United States should work more in this field. Also, we found that artificial intelligence has a primary goal in both countries, it helps China to achieve its ambitions to be the leader of the world, and this intelligence, on the other hand, provides protection and security to the United States. This paper is divided into three sections. The first section focuses on the importance of artificial intelligence in achieving China’s ambitions, the second section explains the role of artificial intelligence in the US protection service, and the third section describes the technological and geopolitical conflict resulting from the competition in artificial intelligence between these two countries.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, United States, China, Conflict, leader.
Implementation mechanism of impact investing in the post-conflict regions
Authors: Yelnikova Y. , Miskiewicz R.
Published: October 2020

The paper examines the conditions and opportunities for impact investment in post-conflict regions of Ukraine, ways to attract foreign investment, as well as assess the potential of impact investment for the national economy. The mechanism of impact investment in the regions of post-conflict economy is detailed in order to rationale use investment resources and minimize risks for impact investors. It is established that the losses of the Ukrainian economy from the military conflict are primarily related to the role of the affected regions in the development of industry, agriculture, trade and services. Reconstruction of post-conflict regions requires the creation of favorable conditions and a rationale mechanism for investment in these regions to ensure the restoration of economic stability in the country. In the context of this study, it was found that the received and interpreted signals give impact investors a specific moment to start working in post-conflict regions. The process should include the following elements: such as data selection and analysis; decision making; project implementation. Accordingly, these elements of the study of a potential investment object allow you to assess the prospects and potential risks for investors. The author formed a matrix of SWOT-analysis of the project, which claims to receive financial assistance from the impact investor, during which it was determined that in the process of implementation of measures developed within the impact project information should be updated to monitor progress and achieve goals. Accordingly, the hierarchy of goals of the impact project of post-conflict reconstruction of the regions is systematized. To attract impact investment, it is necessary to create an investment-friendly environment to obtain the most positive effect from investment. Given that the risks can be quite high, especially in the initial stages of implementation of an impact project, any opportunities for support in the implementation of projects by other structures should be used, such as peace restoration in post-conflict areas, reconstruction and reconstruction. infrastructure, etc.

Keywords: investment, reconstruction, impact investment, investment risks, post-conflict economy, economic development.
HEMATOTOXIC ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR INHIBITORS AND CYTOTOXIC DRUGS IN THE TREATMENT OF GLIOBLASTOMA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Stepanov I. A. , Shameeva M. A. , Kruchinin D. B. , Byvaltsev V. A. , Shagdurova I. A.
Published: October 2020

Several studies have shown that the use of inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (Vascular Endothelial Gowth Factor, VEGF) in the treatment of glioblastoma results in a significant increase in the rate of progression-free survival. However, administration of anti-VEGF agents is associated with the development of a wide range of adverse drug reactions (ADR), among which, hematotoxic ADR is the most common.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review based on the results of randomized controlled clinical studies on the type and frequency of hematotoxic ADRs associated with anti-VEGF and chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of glioblastoma.

Material and Methods. Pubmed, EMBASE, Cohrane Library and eLibrary databases were used to identify reports from randomized controlled clinical studies on the safety of anti-VEGF drugs as the main/auxiliary treatment for patients with glioblastoma, and published from January 2008 to August 2019. The main criteria for inclusion of studies in the systematic review were determined.

Results. The combined data analysis included 13 randomized controlled clinical trials. The average incidence of hematotoxic ADRs associated with anti-VEGF agents in monotherapy for glioblastoma was 27.7 %. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were the most common types of ADR. The average incidence of hematotoxic ADRs associated with cytotoxic drugs in monotherapy for glioblastoma was 48.1 %, and lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia were the main types of hematotoxic ADRs. The average incidence of hematotoxic ADRs associated with the combined use of anti-VEGF and chemotherapeutic drugs was 46.2 %. In this case, the most common ADRs were thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and anemia. The use of a combination of anti-VEGF, chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation therapy was associated with the development of hematotoxic ADRs with an average incidence of 12.3 %. The most common ADR was severe thrombocytopenia.

Conclusion. The use of anti-VEGF drugs as monotherapy for glioblastoma was associated with a lower incidence of hematotoxic ADRs. In this case, bevacizumab was the safest anti-VEGF agent in relation to hematotoxicity. The highest incidence of hematotoxic ADRs is observed for a combination of antiVEGF and cytotoxic drugs, such as cediranib with lomustine and bevacizumab with carboplatin.
ASSESSMENT OF HISTOPATHOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY IN GASTRIC CANCER PATIENTS: A MULTI-CENTER RANDOMIZED STUDY
Authors: Skoropad V. Yu. , Afanasyev S. G. , Gamayunov S. V. , Sokolov P. V. , Zhavoronkova Ye. S. , Silanteva N. K. , Ivanov S. A. , Kaprin A. D.
Published: October 2020

A multicenter randomized trial was conducted to assess histopathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer.

Material and Methods. Patients of the study group received conformal radiation therapy (total dose of 46 Gr/23 fractions) with concurrent chemotherapy consisted of capecitabine at a dose of 1850 mg/m2 twice daily during the whole course of radiotherapy, and oxaliplatin at a dose of 85 mg/m2 on days 1 and 21. After an interval of 4–6 weeks and a control examination, in the absence of disease progression, patients were scheduled for surgery (gastrectomy or D2 subtotal gastric resection) and 4 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy according to the FOLFOX4 or CAPOX regimens.

Results.The study included 70 patients, including of 35 patients in the study group. Men predominated (n=23), the age ranged from 22 to 76 years (median – 61 years). The middle third of the stomach was the most common tumor location (n=19); involvement of the entire stomach occurred in 5 cases. Ulcerative and diffuse infiltrative forms were the most common (n=29). Well-and moderately-differentiated adenocarcinoma was observed in 11 patients and poorly – differentiated adenocarcinoma in 24 patients, including signet ring-cell cancer (n=8). In accordance with the clinical T, N and M categories, patients were distributed as follows: T3 – 22 patients, T4a/b – 13; N0 – 13, N1 – 12, N2–3 – 10; M0 – 35; stage IIB – 12, and stage III–IVA – 23 patients. Gastrectomy was performed in 30 patients and subtotal resection of the stomach in 4 patients; D2 lymphodissection was performed in all cases. One patient was not operated on due to disease progression. Of the 47 patients achieving pathological response, 5 (14.7%) patients had a complete pathological response. Among patients achieving pathological response, a statistically significant predominance of less advanced tumors was found (in accordance with the ypT category and stage).

Conclusion. In general, a decrease in the pathological tumor stage compared to clinical stage was registered in 62 % of patients. Taking into account the data available in the world literature on high survival rates in patients with pathological complete regression, the optimization and implementation of neoadjuvant therapy techniques is of great importance.
LOW-INTENSITY LASER RADIATION IN CORRECTION OF BLOOD HEMODYNAMIC AND RHEOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AFTER SURGERY FOR HEAD AND NECK CANCER
Authors: Gorchak Yu. Yu. , Stakhanov M. L. , Gens G. P. , Firsov K. A. , Reshetov D. N. , Gainedinov S. M. , Kurnosov A. A. , Korobkova A. Yu. , Korobkova L. I.
Published: October 2020

Purpose: to study the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in correction of blood hemodynamic and rheological parameters after surgery for head and neck cancer.

Material and Methods. The study included 134 head and neck cancer patients with a median age of 54.24 ± 12.7 years (range: 23–78 years). There were 39 (29.1 %) men and 95 (70.9 %) women. To assess the effectiveness of LLLT, all patients were divided into 3 groups. Group I included 45 patients, who received conventional therapy without the use of LLLT. Group II consisted of 45 patients, who received conventional therapy in combination with LLLT. Group III included 44 patients, who received LLLT alone. Azor 2K-02 was used as a source of LLLT in the red to near infrared spectral range. Characteristics of blood flow in the vessels of the neck and the rheological properties of blood, as well as the parameters of spontaneous platelet aggregation and the content of soluble fibrinmonomer complexes in the blood plasma of patients were studied.

Results. The data obtained indicated that the use of LLLT promoted normalization of blood rheological properties in patients, who underwent surgery. Normalization of blood rheological properties occurred faster and lasted for a longer period. In patients, who received conventional therapy in combination with LLLT, the hemodynamic and rheological parameters of blood were improved 2–14 days after therapy, whereas in patients receiving conventional therapy alone, this improvement was seen 30 or more days after therapy.

Conclusion. LLLT in combination with conventional therapy was shown to have a positive effect on hemodynamic and rheological parameters after surgery for head and neck cancer.
LEVELS I–VII FOLLOWING THYROIDECTOMY FOR PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER
Authors: Parshin V. S. , Veselova A. A. , Medvedev V. S. , Ivanov S. A. , Kaprin A. D.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Cervical lymph node metastases can occur not only in patients when they are first diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer but also in patients who have undergone thyroidectomy. 

Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the potential utility of neck ultrasound in diagnosing cervical lymph node metastases (levels I–VII) in patients who underwent surgical treatment for papillary thyroid cancer.

Material and Methods. B-mode sonography of all nodal levels in the neck was performed using a linear array transducer in the frequency range of 7.5–13 MHz, power mapping and panoramic scan to locate regional lymph node metastases. All lymph nodes removed during reoperations were submitted for histological evaluation. Sonographic examinations of cervical lymph nodes of the levels I–VII were performed in 2875 patients who had undergone thyroidectomy in different regions of the Russian Federation. The patients were admitted to our clinic to receive radioactive iodine therapy. All neck levels were assessed by ultrasound.

Results. Sonography revealed cervical lymph node metastases in 267 (9.2 %) of 2875 patients with papillary thyroid cancer who had undergone thyroidectomy. Nodal metastasis in level VI only occurred in 70 (2.4 %) patients, in levels II–III–IV only in 150 (5.21 %), in level VB only in 32 (1.11 %), and at the same time in level VI and in levels II–III–IV in 15 (0.52 %) patients. There were no metastases in levels I, VA, VII of the neck. Solitary metastases to all levels were found in 7.5 %, multiple metastases in 1.2 %, and conglomerates in 0.6 % of cases. Solitary metastases in level VI were noted in 56 (1.9 %), in levels II–III–IV in 125 (4.3 %), and in level VB in 29 (1.0 %) patients. Multiple metastases in level VI were detected in 11 (0.38 %), in levels II–III–IV in 21 (0.73 %), and in level VB in 3 (0.1 %) patients. Median metastasis size was 2.1 ± 1.6 cm.

Conclusion. Post-thyroidectomy patients were found to have cervical lymph node metastases. Ultrasound scanning of the neck should be considered a key examination if there are cicatricial changes as it enables to identify metastasis and to determine its location. The maximal number of metastases was noted in levels II–III–IV. Cervical lymph node metastases occurred less frequently in the central level and level VB. The predominant metastatic pattern was solitary. There was an essential difference in metastatic spread to cervical lymph nodes between postthyroidectomy patients and patients who were first diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer.
METHODS FOR SENTINEL LYMPH NODE DETECTION IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER
Authors: Zikiryakhodzhaev A. D. , Grushina T. I. , Starkova M. V. , Kazaryan L. P. , Volkova Yu. I. , Bagdasarova D. V. , Ablitsova N. V. , Skreptsova N. S. , Usov F. N.
Published: October 2020

Objective: to provide various methods for sentinel lymph node detection considering their advantages and disadvantages.

Material and Methods. The search of the relevant articles published in Pubmed, MedLine, RINTs, etc. database was conducted. 49 publications from 1970 to 2018 were analyzed.

Results. Currently, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLN biopsy) has become a worthy alternative to traditional lymphatic surgery for early breast cancer. SLN biopsy significantly decreases the number of postoperative complications caused by lymphadenectomy and improves the quality of life of cancer patients. So far, a large number of SLN detection techniques have accumulated. Each of these techniques has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Conclusion. Despite a large number of SLN detection methods, the question of the optimal technique is currently debatable.
La confesión sincera
Authors: Rabanal Palacios William
Published: October 2020

No tiene
El Derecho Penal económico
Authors: Colchado Bolívar Miriam Valentina
Published: October 2020

No tiene
La sociología jurídica: una ciencia social en construcción
Authors: Ríos Burga Jaime
Published: October 2020

No tiene
Introducción ai Derecho extraterrestre
Authors: Godoy Vargas Aparicio
Published: October 2020

No tiene
Algunos comentarios sobre el nuevo código Procesal Penal
Authors: Valdez Roca Raúl
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Amparo contra resoluciones judiciales la problemática del amparo contra amparo
Authors: Carpio Marcos Edgar
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
La regulación del mercado financiero y el Derecho Bancario
Authors: Blossiers Juan José
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
El debido proceso principio de la funcion juridiccional o derecho fundamental
Authors: Flores Chávez Rosa Isabel
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
La mujer y el Derecho
Authors: Lucena Hurtado Tatiana
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Nuevas causales de la separación de cuerpos y del divorcio incorporados por la Ley 27495 y modificaciones establecidas por la Ley 28384
Authors: Miranda Canales Manuel
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
MEDIDAS CAUTELARES Y PROCESOS CONSTITUCIONALES: PROGRESOS, RIESGOS Y OPCIONES PARA TOMAR EN CUENTA
Authors: Espinosa Eloy
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
LA VENTANILLA ÚNICA DE COMERCIO EXTERIOR COMO MEDIDA DE FACILITACIÓN AL COMERCIO EXTERIOR
Authors: Huamán Sialer Marco Antonio
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Constitución, Supremacia Constitucional y teoria de las fuentes del Derecho
Authors: Palomino Manchego José F.
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
La naturaleza de la voluntad general en la teoría del poder en Hobbes
Authors: Luján Túpez Manuel Estuardo
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
“Paz Perpetua” y “Guerras Justas”: ¿Oposición o Complementariedad?
Authors: Katayama Omura Roberto
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Trabajo Decente
Authors: Díaz Aroco Teófila
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
La Universidad Propedeutica
Authors: Peláez Pérez Luis Alberto
Published: October 2020

NO TIENE
Complex of Settlement Gorodishche-3 Belonging to Fominsky Stage of Kulaiskaya Culture
Authors: Kazakov A. A.
Published: October 2020

The article introduces materials of the Fominsky stage of the Kulaiskaya culture from the site in the Itkul microdistrict located in the forest-steppe Altai. It gives a detailed description of the site and its excavation. The site covered an area of 320 m². The excavation revealed a semi-dugout with a pit area of 25 m² and a corridor-type exit, a household building, and other structures. The author focuses on the moat and earthwork line and made a cultural and chronological interpretation of the complex based on ceramic and shell plate. The monument dates back to the late III – first half of the IV century and belongs to the Fominsky stage of the Kulaiskaya culture. The article contains previously unpublished photos of all the artifacts, except plain pottery. The introduction of the presented complex into scientific circulation improves the source base of ancient history studies of the forest-steppe Altai in the first half of the 1st millennium. The complex contains artifacts unpolluted with any culturally similar and chronologically close artifacts, which means that it can help identify the Fominsky stage and their cultural-markers. The matter is important not only for the archaeology of the forest-steppe Altai, but also for the neighboring territories with culturally and chronologically similar complexes in Novosibirsk and Kemerovo Regions.
Russian Adaptation of Identity Stage Resolution Index (ISRI)
Authors: Borisenko J. V.
Published: October 2020

Objective. In this article we present the translation and adaptation of the "Identity Stage Resolution Index (ISRI)" into Russian. Method. We studied the results of 245 participants: 100 male and 145 female at the age of 17–70 years old (M=28,33; SD=14,37). We analyzed the results of ISRI comparing them to Russian test of statuses and structure of egoidentity (E. L. Soldatova). Results. The statistic analysis of the data let us conclude that Russian version of ISRI has been shown to be a generally valid and reliable psychometric technique for assessing identity stages.Conclusion. The "Identity Stage Resolution Index (ISRI)" was successfully translated and adopted into Russian and might be used as a psychometric technique for psychological consulting and investigation for identity.
Content of Civil Identity of Students
Authors: Broun O. A. , Arkuzin M. G.
Published: October 2020

The empirical study featured content-related characteristics of civic identity in university students. According to constructivist approach, civic identity is a cognitive-value formation shaped in the process of personal development. It manifests itself in the subjective significance of one’s nationality. Its structure consists of cognitive (meaningful), affective (emotional-evaluative), and behavioral components. The cognitive component was the first stage in the present study of students’ civic identity conducted in February 2020. The authors used a Citizen’s Questionnaire developed by O. S. Deyneka and analyzed essays "Russia is My Country". The analysis revealed the structure of the substantial component of civic identity: the image of the state, government, fellow citizens, an ideal citizen, etc., and ideas about Russian values, environment, culture, history, etc. The data obtained gave reason to believe that civic identity has worldview, social, and territorial foundations. The respondents admired the nature, territory, and historical achievements of Russia, while the image of the state, fellow citizens, and authorities belonged to problematic representations. The present research can help to develop new technologies for the support of civic identity at university.
Precedent Phenomena as Names of Acts
Authors: Bushuyeva L. A.
Published: October 2020

The article focuses on the cognitive-semiotic nature of precedent phenomena as a marker of intertextuality. The symbolic function of precedent statements, texts, and names allows them to act as indirect naming and represent concepts of acts. An act is always voluntary; it is committed by an actant, receives external evaluation, and leads to a certain result. The precedent phenomena that facilitate interpretation of the acts they describe appeared to have a high cognitive potential in the Russian speech. Different kinds of phenomena represent different acts, precedent statements being the most popular type. They can represent all kind of acts, even in their concise form. Some precedent phenomena name only particular acts, e.g. betrayal, dishonesty, and other negatively evaluated acts, while others can mark a wide range of acts, even those with opposite values, e.g. heroism vs. crime.
Combining Linguistic Methods of Studying Egocentric Units in Russian Translated Narratives
Authors: Urzha A. V.
Published: October 2020

The present research featured a functional comparative analysis of egocentric language units in contemporary Russian translated narratives, namely six Russian translations of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The study was based on parallel corpora within the Russian National Corpus and a set of digitized translations. The research objective was to present the classification of egocentric units applicable to the analysis of translations, as well as to describe the ways of combining various linguistic methods of studying egocentrics in translated narratives. Egocentric units were studied within several semantic clusters: actualizing (deictic), evaluative, epistemic, modal, and interactive. Using the heuristic method, the authors found and counted the contexts containing egocentric units of a certain type within the parallel corpora. The inductive method made it possible to reveal the trends based on the data obtained. The hypotheses were verified using the deductive method. The research was based on wide narrative contexts and took into the account the writing style, the genre and composition of the text, the use of egocentrics in the target language, and the individual translation strategies. The paper focuses on the lexical markers of uncertainty added by the Russian translators of Mark Twain. They are often used as additional markers of focalization in Russian translations. On the one hand, this phenomenon deals with specific ways of foregrounding subjectivity in the Russian language; on the other hand, it reveals the strategies of building-up suspense applied by individual translators.
Self-Potential signals produced by pumping test of heterogeneous aquifer
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Mikhailenko Aleksandra A. , Konosavsky Pavel K. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Titov Konstantin V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we presented results of interpretation of Self-Potential (SP) signals produced by pumping test experiment of heterogeneous aquifer. Heterogeneity is represented by zone with low and high hydraulic conductivity in two types of configuration: planned boundary and strip-layer. We studied five models for each type of heterogeneity with two variants of hydraulic conductivity. We carried out three-dimensional modelling with the use of Modflow (for hydraulic heads and electrical potentials) and ElSources (for current source term). We obtained SP distributions Self-Potential produced by pumping test which indicate heterogeneity. We calculated the values of the anomalous field for a detailed study of the heterogeneties. We found a correlation between SP and drawdown for the case of heterogeneity with low hydraulic conductivity. We defined the both boundaries of the strip clearly for zone with low hydraulic conductivity. The outer boundary of the strip-layer was not fixed due to the high hydraulic conductivity of the heterogeneity and low hydraulic gradient at the boundary. We estimated dependence of horizontal thickness of heterogeneity on SP distribution. The results can serve as a base for defining the heterogeneties in the aquifer.
Benjamin Constant’s history of philosophy
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Krotov Artem A.
Published: October 2020

The article analyses the concept of a prominent representative of early French Romanticism, considers his division of the historical process into periods and his idea on the meaning of history. According to Constant, history is not uniform in a political sense. The lack of understanding this important truth by the rulers has always brought untold sufferings to their subjects. Constant’s philosophy of history is based on the idea of improving the human race, typical for the intellectual culture of the Age of Enlightenment, to which he gave a new sound, contraposing the spirit of war with the spirit of trade. Distinguishing between two types of freedom, he associated the first variety with the tradition of ancient people’s assemblies, collective direct decisions, and the second with the system of representative government. His periodization of world history concretizes the idea of progress as a fundamental law of nature. He included psychological elements into his interpretation of the meaning of revolutionary events. Treating inequality as the basis of social adversity, he attributed independence in deeds, choice of life’s priorities, personal security, the right to own property, and the ability to express and defend different opinions as the most important human freedoms. Expressed clearly in a number of Constant’s works is the desire to distance himself from the various opposing parties, to appear as an unbiased observer, and a sage guiding his efforts to the common good. This corresponded greatly to the ideal of a philosopher represented on the pages of d’Alembert and Diderot’s famous “Encyclopédie.” At the same time, his doctrine represents a certain rethinking of the Enlightenment legacy, carried out through the lens of the experience of revolutionary times. Hence the demand to limit popular sovereignty, criticism of Russoism, a unique concept of the evolution of religion.
Anility and time. Beyond the self-realisation
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Lishaev Sergei A.
Published: October 2020

The philosophy of age is mostly an inquiry into the temporal parameters of human existence. The aim of this article is to review the senile temporality as qualitatively different in time production (chronopoesy) from the temporality of youth and maturity. To achieve this I have considered different types of senile chronopoesy, especially its most radical version (eschatologic time), which correlates with chronoaesthetics of the decrepit and Christian Messianic time. As a result, I managed to identify the main conditions of transformation of time production while aging. I considered the problem, using comparative analysis, in the perspective of the methodological horizon of hermeneutics phenomenology (analytics of Dasein). The results of the study can be reduced to several points. The reduction of ‘age’ and ‘inner age’ future that requires an answer from Dasein determines a shift in the human temporality and configures the particular senile temporality. Changes are the most significant if man accepts his life as meaningfully completed, and the will to Other (that is good on its own) replaces the will for particular achievements (i. e., self-realisation). Goal-setting and the production of over situational temporality persist in eschatologic senility, while ‘heroic’, ‘finishing’ and petty senilities have no big goals and only situational temporality, uncompensated by the verticalization of temporality (by the orientation to the Other). The period between the substantial and physical eschatons is kindred to the time or the aesthesis of the decrepit and the Messianic time of Christian historiosophy as they all are forms of the present (end time). End time is an intransitive present, free from the past and future, correlated with the Other (that is timeless). Once started, it never ends and never become past until the end of the life.
Philosophical and pedagogic views of N. M. Karamzin
Authors:   Kozma Minin Nizhniy Novgorod State Pedagogical University, Shaposhnikov Lev E.
Published: October 2020

The paper analyses the evolution of N. M. Karamzin’s ideas from the position of moderate westernism and liberalism to organic conservatism. Special attention is given to Karamzin’s understanding of the philosophy of history, where the main emphasis was made on the splendor of monarchical Russia. N. M.Karamzin was critical about the early liberal reforms of Alexander I and proposed the introduction of a “sound” state system, based on national values and exercising caution to the new developments. The paper also analyses Karamzin’s conceptualization of the dynamics of the historical process. It is noted that he assign special importance to autocracy in the harmonious development of Russia, it is precisely the monarch who needs to create conditions for increasing the efficiency of the state apparatus. The monarch’s policy must, by the inevitability of punishment, compel officials (of high and lower ranks) to comply with the laws. A significant role in society should also belong to the Church, which, according to N. Karamzin, needs to be given more attention. Overall, the scholar sees the secret to the prosperity of Russia In the synergy of strong state leadership, government apparatus, and priests. The pedagogical views of Karamzin are another focus of the present work, as well as his understanding of national education and the interplay of the universal and nationally specific features in it. Opposing isolationism, the scholar, nevertheless, advanced the idea that Russia needs to have its own way in development by means of improving the educational system, introducing the continuity of its stages, and enhancing the quality of preparing teachers. The paper arrives at a conclusion about the relevance of N. Karamzin’s ideas for modern Russian society.
Scientific-technical revolution — important lessons of unimportant concept
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Shipovalova Lada V.
Published: October 2020

This paper focuses on the concept of the scientific-technical revolution. This concept is relevant today most of all in the context of historiographic studies of the Soviet period or the reflection of contemporary technological transformation from the Marxist position. The article demonstrates its relevance in the context of important contemporary issues. For a conceptual framework, the author uses the works on the social history of science by J. D. Bernal, the contemporary studies of science, technology and society, and the critical theory of technology, which seeks to integrate the philosophy of science and technology into topical socio-political discussions. The author reveals the concept of the scientific-technical revolution as describing the radical transformations taking place since the beginning of the 20 th century in science, society, and technology. These transformations manifest the essential social and technological character of science and its previously hidden contradiction. The social character of science involves an increasing number of participants of these transformations, but the technological character leaves them passive objects of the efficiency requirements. However, the scientific-technical revolution offers a lesson in overcoming this contradiction, creating conditions for the activity of various participants — scientists, nature, lay experts, and technologies themselves. The emphasis on the radical revolutionary changes that have occurred with science allows us to keep in the spotlight the foundations of modern problems and how to solve them.
Performance of electrochemical oxidation over BDD anode for the treatment of different industrial dye-containing wastewater effluents
Authors: Abdelhay Arwa , Jum'h Inshad , Albsoul Abeer , Abu Arideh Dina , Qatanani Bahaa
Published: October 2020

This paper presents the results of electrochemical oxidation of dye-containing wastewater over a BDD anode. Batch experiments were conducted at a fixed current density of 2.8 mA/cm2 to analyze the performance of the electrochemical process for the treatment of textile and paint wastewater utilizing different supporting electrolytes (Na2SO4 and NaCl). During electrolysis, emphasis was put on measuring different parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, conductivity, and color removal. The results revealed that BDD cell exhibited higher COD removal efficiency for textile wastewater than for paint wastewater. Adding supporting electrolytes had a positive effect on COD, turbidity, and color removal efficiencies for both textile and paint industry effluents. For textile wastewater, Na2SO4 and NaCl yielded a reduction in COD of 94% in 6 hours compared to 84% with no electrolyte added. The presence of Na2SO4 and NaCl in paint wastewater resulted in different COD removal percentages of 71 and 85% respectively with 21% in raw sample after 4 hours of treatment. The discoloration reached a percentage higher than 96% for both effluents and for both electrolytes. Under the same experimental conditions, all cases showed turbidity removal higher than 97%. The kinetic study showed that the reaction rate followed pseudo-first-order kinetics.
Evaluation of water security based on capacity for socio-economic regulation
Authors: Tang Lian , Zhang Weibing , Liu Zixi , Qi Yarong
Published: October 2020

From the perspective of social and economic regulation, the development trend of regional water security in different periods and under different regulation strengths is evaluated by using the fuzzy set pair analysis method. The results show: the degree of regional water resources security changes from insecurity in the pilot period of water-saving society construction to basic security, and then to security in the planning period, with the enhancement of economic and social regulation. The order of importance of each index is C19 > C1 = C5 > C18 > C14 > C10 > C13 > C3 = C4 > C8 > C7 > C15 > C16 > C12 > C2 > C11 > C17 > C6 > C9, the long-term shortage of water resources is the most important factor, the contribution rate is 60%, but the index weight of economic and social coordination ability is large, and its rapid change causes the improvement of water resources security; the contradiction between the regulation intensity of social and economic indicators in the planning year and the demand for water resources is not matched, and the degree of water security is mainly restricted by the shortage of regional water resources.
The G Protein Signal-Biased Compound TRV130; Structures, Its Site of Action and Clinical Studies
Authors: Miyano Kanako , Manabe Sei , Komatsu Akane , Fujii Yuriko , Mizobuchi Yusuke , Uezono Eiko , Ohshima Kaori , Nonaka Miki , Kuroda Yui , Narita Minoru , Uezono Yasuhito
Published: October 2020

Opioid agonists elicit their analgesic action mainly via μ opioid receptors; however, their use
is limited because of adverse events including constipation and respiratory depression. It has been
shown that analgesic action is transduced by the G protein-mediated pathway whereas adverse events
are by the β-arrestin-mediated pathway through μ opioid receptor signaling. The first new-generation
opioid TRV130, which preferentially activates G protein- but not β-arrestin-mediated signal, was constructed
and developed to reduce adverse events. TRV130 and other G protein-biased compounds tend
to elicit desirable analgesic action with less adverse effects. In clinical trials, the intravenous TRV130
(oliceridine) was evaluated in Phase I, II and III clinical studies. Here we review the discovery and synthesis
of TRV130, its main action as a novel analgesic having less adverse events, its up-to-date status in
clinical trials, and additional concerns about TRV130 as demonstrated in the literature.
In Memorium of B. “Irv” Summers
Authors: Stark Ernie
Published: October 2020

Memorium
Predicting Safety Related Attitudes in the Workplace: The Influence of Moral Maturity and Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Jeffries Francis L.
Published: October 2020

Safety in the workplace has received an increasing amount of attention for over 50 years. Approaches to improving safety have focused primarily on extrinsic drivers such as engineering safer work environments, training, and policies. These efforts have reduced injuries and reportable incidents. Yet, progress toward industry’s stated goal of zero incidents has stalled. This paper explores an approach to creating a safer work environment using intrinsic drivers instead of compliance oriented behaviors. The Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1985) is employed to show that moral maturity and emotional intelligence can act as intrinsic drivers, positively influencing safety attitudes and behavior.
PHENOMENOGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ HISTORICAL THINKING ABILITY IN STUDYING SOCIAL HISTORY
Authors: Mulyana Agus , Kurniawati Yeni
Published: October 2020

The Marton Phenomenography Analysis model is interesting to apply because it has a significant characteristic of learning that is based on two academic learning patterns, namely "surface" and "in-depth" learning approaches. This study aimed to investigate students’ historical thinking ability using the Marton Phenomenography Analysis. Qualitative method was utilized with a phenomenography approach. The phenomenography approach was aimed to identify students’ historical thinking ability as they experience, conceptualize, perceive, and understand various historical phenomena of social movements. The subjects were students who took part in Social History. Data were collected from examination, observation, interviews and document study. The results showed that students who have "surface" and "in-depth" learning patterns have different thinking patterns, perspectives, and perceptions. There is a significant difference as much as 12.11% in the historical thinking ability between both groups. The "in-depth" group has an advantage over the "surface" group in terms of understanding changes, comparing historical narratives, interpreting history, understanding historical interpretation, as well as constructing history. Both the "in-depth" and "surface" groups have a good ability in the aspect of knowledge on facts and how to search for historical sources. Finally, both groups have less ability to develop different thinking patterns, create questions from historical stories, and evaluate historical sources.
SELF-ESTEEM DEVELOPMENT OF VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN INDONESIA: DOES GROUP COUNSELING WITH ASSERTIVE TRAINING TECHNIQUE HELP?
Authors: Rusmana Nandang , Hafina Anne , Siddik Riesa Rismawati , Nur Lutfi
Published: October 2020

Self-esteem contributes to an individual’s mental health and quality of life because it determines who they are, activities they do, as well as their personality. This study aimed to describe the development of students’ self-esteem through group counselling intervention with an assertive training technique. Employing a true experimental method with the pretest–posttest control group design, this study involved 191 students as the samples following Isaac and Michael at an error level of 5% of the total population of 420 students. From the self-esteem questionnaires, it was found that 28 students belonged to the low self-esteem group. Then, interventions were carried out in six sessions outside of class hours, with a duration of 90 minutes for each session. The data were obtained through the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) instrument with a reliability value of .92, and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney two mean discrimination test. The results showed that students who were given group-counselling interventions with assertive training technique were better than those in the control group. Therefore, assertive training technique helps restore students' awareness of their rights to have a happy and esteemed life. Besides, assertive training technique helps renew students' confidence in the functioning of their minds and belief in their abilities in facing life challenges.
SCHOOL CULTURE AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL TEACHERS FROM URBAN AND RURAL AREAS IN CHINA
Authors: Ling Zhang , Na Jiang , Yan-Li Siaw , Sriyanto Joko
Published: October 2020

Rural teacher recruitment and retention has become a common concern globally including in China. In order to understand the underlying reasons that cause rural teachers’ attrition, this study aims to explore the school culture and professional development of the teachers from urban and rural areas of China provinces, by examining three study objectives: teaching location and socio-demographic factor; challenges faced by rural teachers; and strategies to develop teaching professionalism in rural schools. A mixed-method approach involving survey forms and interview sessions was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS and ATLAS.ti which included inferential and thematic analysis. A number of 1547 teachers under Compulsory Education in Jiangxi, China were involved as participants. Results indicated that teaching location is significantly related to the socio-demographic condition. Additionally, five challenges reported by rural school teachers include parental involvement, working environment, salary, personal growth, and family environment. Meanwhile, three main strategies used for professional development are educational beliefs, collaboration relationships, and teacher self-training. The outcome of this study would contribute towards effective and feasible measures to stabilize rural teachers, promote educational and social equity, and promote the integration of urban and rural teachers. Findings conclude the importance to explore further and propose the corresponding measures to improve the working and living status of rural teachers.