bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NSF grant to Colorado School of Mines
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Science Foundation, has awarded a $462,500, one‐year research grant to the Colorado School of Mines' Geophysics Department. Under the Direction of George V. Keller, a study of the hydrothermal systems of Kilauea Volcano, on the Island of Hawaii will be conducted.

The major portion of the research will be the drilling of a test hole, approximately 3000 feet deep, allowing the study of groundwater dynamics in a hydrothermal system intersecting a convection cell above the Kilauea magma chamber.
Fourth International Post‐Graduate Course in Geothermics
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The International Institute for Geothermal Research of Pisa, Italy, has organized a 1973 International Post‐Graduate Course in Geothermics, under the auspices of the National Research Council of Italy, the Italian Ministry for Foreign Affairs, and Unesco. The purpose of the course is to prepare specialists in the field of geothermics—geology, geophysics, and engineering applied to research and exploitation of geothermal fields.

The course begins January 15, 1973, and ends October 15, 1973. Included is a period of theoretical lectures and seminars at the International Institute for Geothermal Research in Pisa and a period of practical training in specialized research centers, in the field, and at the National Electric Energy Agency producing steam fields.
The future climate
Authors: Budyko M. I.
Published: October 2011

The influence of man on climate began to show itself as early as several thousand years ago. In many areas forests gave way to cultivated land, which resulted in an increase in surface wind speed, and some change of temperature and humidity in the lower boundary layer, as well as a change in the regime of soil moisture, evaporation, and river runoff. Another effect of man's activity upon climate is artificial irrigation, which has been applied in arid regions for many centuries. Irrigation appreciably increases evaporation from the earth's surface, causing temperature decrease and an increase in relative humidity. Observations have shown that the effect of forest felling and irrigation on meteorological conditions is limited only to changes in local climate, i.e., the climate of the regions where pertinent measurements are carried out [Landsberg, 1970].
The President's Page: Metric conversion and the AGU (guest editorial)
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

When the National Bureau of Standards completed its recent study of the pros and cons regarding the adoption by the U.S. of the metric system, they titled their report ‘Metric America; a decision whose time has come.’ The Secretary of Commerce sent the report to the Congress with his own recommendation that the United States adopt metric units without further delay, and the President's Science Adviser concurred.
Conference on Magnetospheric Substorms
Authors: Hill T. W.
Published: October 2011

Magnetospheric physicists from sixteen states and three foreign countries met in Houston, Texas, October 20–21, 1972, for a Conference on Magnetospheric Substorms. The conference, sponsored jointly by AGU and Rice University, was held on the Rice campus and was attended by 129 scientists, including 28 students.

The aims of the conference were to assess the present state of knowledge of the substorm phenomenon and to promote informal discussion of present controversies relating to substorm observations and theory. The second aim was easily met; the magnetosphere was discussed in varying degrees of informality, from the preregistration beer party Thursday night through the final session Saturday afternoon. The first aim proved to be more difficult. In trying to unravel the devious mechanism whereby the sun turns on the auroras, it seems that the problem of identifying the right questions to ask is sometimes as difficult as finding the answers.
The President's Page: AGU and AGI
Authors: LaMoreaux Philip E.
Published: October 2011

The last decade has produced a new perspective of science. The Apollo 11 view from Tranquillity Base dramatically reinforced the knowledge that our one earth is all we have; the deep‐sea cores brought up by the Glomar Challenger gave us new insight into the history and the workings of that earth, and the recent worldwide concern with pollution and our needs for energy and raw materials made us all aware that, we must learn much more about our earth and apply that knowledge with better judgment.

Item: Only a few years ago, every geologist ‘knew’ that geophysics was only a part of geology; on the other hand, every geophysicist ‘knew’ that geology was only a part of geophysics. But now, with our new perspective, the boundaries implied by the old academic categories are fading away, and in every field we find growing stress on the interdisciplinary approach.
Apollo 17 results
Authors: Bence A. Edward
Published: October 2011

The Special Sessions on Apollo 17 were among the high points of the Fifty‐Fourth Annual Meeting. The presence of geologist‐astronaut Harrison H. (Jack) Schmitt during the discussions provided participants with the unique opportunity of having direct feedback and observations from one of the Apollo 17 crew members— the only member of AGU who has been to the moon. The rationale for holding these sessions, which were cosponsored by the Section of Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology and Planetology, was to provide a forum for the discussion of pre‐ and postmission questions that arose in connection with the geology of the landing site. The emphasis in this case was on discussion, since the lack of it was a major shortcoming of the Apollo 17 session at the Lunar Science Conference held in early March at the Johnson Space Center in Houston. Participants in the sessions were asked to submit extended abstracts prior to their presentations. These abstracts are published on the following pages and represent the first extensive publication of results from Apollo 17.
AIAA‐AGU Space Science Conference
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The American Geophysical Union and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics will be the cosponsors of the AIAA‐AGU Space Science Conference: Exploration of the Outer Solar System. The conference will be held at the Brown Palace Hotel, Denver, Colorado, July 10–12, 1973. The General Chairman of the Conference is S. I. Rasool, NASA Headquarters, and the Technical Program Chairman is Rolf Faye‐Petersen, Martin Marietta Corporation.

There are six technical sessions planned for the meeting. They will include two sessions entitled Interplanetary and Interstellar Media, chaired by Eugene W. Greenstadt (TRW) and W. I. Axford (University of California at San Diego); one session on Planetary Physics, chaired by James W. Warwich (University of Colorado); two sessions on Solar System Bodies entitled Planetary Atmosphere chaired by Gary E. Thomas (University of Colorado), Comets and Satellites chaired by Charles Lillie (University of Colorado); half sessions entitled Formation and Composition (Solar System Bodies) and Space Research Priorities chaired by Donald G. Rea (Jet Propulsion Laboratory).
International Symposium on Terrestrial Electromagnetic Distance Measurements and Atmospheric Effects on Angular Measurements
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Swedish National Committee of Geodesy and Geophysics has invited the International Association of Geodesy to hold a Symposium on Terrestrial Electromagnetic Distance Measurements and Atmospheric Effects on Angular Measurements at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, August 19–2 4 , 1974.

The symposium will center around the propagation problems in E.D.M.; E.D.M. network design; instrumentation, field procedures and standards in E.D.M.; and atmospheric effects on angular measurements (S.S.G. 23). The scientific program will consist mainly of invited papers and discussion groups. Other papers are welcome but opportunities for their presentation may be limited.
Two ASCE conferences to be held this summer
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The American Society of Civil Engineering will hold an Irrigation and Drainage Division Specialty Conference on August 22–24, 1973, at the Colorado State University, Fort Collins. The theme of the conference is ‘Agricultural and Urban Considerations in Irrigation and Drainage.’ Papers at the conference will cover all phases of irrigation and drainage and will be presented by specialists in these fields.

A Hydraulics Division Specialty Conference will be held August 15–17, 1973, at Bozeman, Montana. The theme of the conference will be ‘Hydraulics Engineering in the Environment.’
Aurora
Authors: Heikkila Walter J.
Published: October 2011

The polar aurora is perhaps the most fascinating and mysterious of the many spectacles that Nature puts up for us to observe. Only direct observation can reveal its three‐dimensional grandeur, but some of the beauty can be captured in color photographs such as those included with this article (taken by Gustav Lamprecht of College, Alaska). The structure generally consists of one or more thin arcs stretching east to west from horizon to horizon, as is seen in the cover photograph. Periodically, the quiet arcs break up in a burst of activity called a substorm in which they brighten and spread across the sky, followed by a gradual return to quiet forms. Green is the most common color, both because of the strong (forbidden) emissions at 5577 A from atomic oxygen at altitudes from 100 to 150 km and because the maximum response of the human eye occurs in the green. Type A aurora is characterized by strong red emissions at high altitudes (inside back cover) due to another forbidden transition of atomic oxygen at 6300 A, and Type B has red lower borders due to emissions from molecular nitrogen at lower altitudes (inside front cover). Rayed structure is common in all a uroras, and high‐speed television recordings show small‐scale structures of considerable complexity that often escape the human eye. The active forms present during substorms are accompanied by geomagnetic and ionospheric disturbances.
Symposium Proceedings: (Commentary by the Editor)
Authors: Spilhaus A. F.
Published: October 2011

In this issue of EOS, John Brandt reviews Physics of the Solar Corona edited by C. J. Marcis. The reviewer points to the usefulness of symposium proceedings but decries their cost. He suggests that it is the responsibility of conference organizers to adopt methods of making inexpensive proceedings volumes available. To give the reader of EOS a better perspective on this problem, we outline below several ways proceedings can be prepared and give some order of magnitude figures for each based on AGU's experience.
The President's Page: Opportunities for international initiative
Authors: Newell Homer E.
Published: October 2011

Geophysics is naturally a global science. From the time of Hutton's ‘great geological cycle’ to the current revival of the concept of continental drift, the periods when earth science was driven to focus on the earth as a whole have characteristically been exciting and ofttimes downright exhilarating. Small wonder, then, that AGU constantly finds itself deeply involved in worldwide scientific activities.

Geophysics is also of great practical import. Geophysical research lays the foundation for practical applications in such areas as water conservation, irrigation and watershed management, flood control, monitoring and management of the environment, practical uses of the oceans, land use planning and management, mineral exploration and resource management, weather observation and prediction, effective scheduling and conduct of radio communications, and on and on. Looking further to the future, one may anticipate additional applications in the prediction and even alleviation of earthquakes, in long‐range weather forecasting and weather modification, and in mitigation of severe storms; one may also anticipate substantial advances in understanding and perhaps even influencing climate.
New Products
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Ithaco, Inc., has developed the Model 4251 Variable Electronic Filter, designed for state‐of‐the‐art accuracy of all parameters. The filter can operate either as a high‐pass or low‐pass filter, and, according to the manufacturer, the corner frequency may be set with 3‐digit resolution and 1% accuracy from .01 Hz to 111 kHz. Phase and amplitude accuracy are reportedly 20 and 1%, respectively. Att enuation slope is 24 dB/octave. Total hum and noise is 50 J.Lvolts or less. If the Model 4251 is used as a low‐pass filter, response can be set to be maximally flat (Butterworth) or linear phase (Bessel).
Communication modes of qeophysics: The case of ionospheric physics
Authors: Gillmor C. S. , Terman C. J.
Published: October 2011

Scientific communication takes various forms: from the casual comment made to a coworker in the lab to the preliminary results read to a group of colleagues at a seminar to the final paper published in a leading journal. All these and other modes of communication are of some degree of importance to the geoscientist, but each is useful in different ways in the progress of research. This article discusses the value of differing modes of communication to scientists and engineers working in the field of ionospheric physics. It compares these modes, and in particular it examines the function of journals in the field.
USGS studies Martian landing sites
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The two sites on Mars announced recently by NASA as landing areas for unmanned instrumented Viking spacecraft have been the targets of intensive study by geologists of the U.S. Geological Survey.

Plans call for the first lander to touch down in the Chryse region (20°N, 33°W), an area located on a plain north of the lower end of a large channel, on or about July 4, 1976. About a month and a half later, a second lander will touch down in the Cydonia region (44°N, 10°W), not far from the southernmost extent of the north polar cap where the atmospheric water content is at its seasonal high.
Data buoys survive Arctic weather, ice and polar bears
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Several unmanned satellitecommunicating, data‐reporting buoys have drifted in the Arctic ice for more than 15 months in a dramatic demonstration of their ability to operate effectively in one of the world's harshest environments.

By mid‐July, two of six 340‐pound buoys being tested in the ice pack north of Alaska had continued to operate since April 1972 despite storms, drifting ice, temperatures of 50° below zero Fahrenheit, and attacks by polar bears. Two remained operational for more than 13 months before they ceased responding to satellite‐relayed signals. Two operated for 2½ to 3 months. Still another buoy, placed in the ice in October 1972, was still operating after nine months. The buoys were designed to operate up to one year.
OWRR announces fiscal year 1974 Title II Water Resources Research Program
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Secretary of the Interior Rogers C.B. Morton has announced the selection of 25 research projects for the fiscal year 1974 water research program authorized under Title II of the Water Resources Research Act of 1964.

The Title II program, administered by the Office of Water Resources Research, provides for research grants, contracts, or other arrangements with educational institutions, private foundations, or other institutions, and with private firms and individuals for the conduct of research that seeks solution to urgent water problems throughout the nation.
Geophysicists
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Hugo de Oliveira Piva has been appointed as the new Director of the Institute for Space Activities of the Aerospace Technical Center.

Charles P. Sonett, former Deputy Director of Astronautics at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, has become Director of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory at the University of Arizona.
Notes and commentary
Authors: Bourke Austin , Lvovitch M. I.
Published: October 2011

The following letter was received in the office of the U.S. National Committee for the IHD on April 23, 1973. Professor Lvovitch's reply, dated July 5, 1973, follows.

In his interesting paper on ‘The Global Water Balance’ (IHD Bulletin, No. 23, January 1973) Lvovitch is surely in error in suggesting that the basic water balance equation (precipitation is equal to runoff plus evaporation) was first suggested by A. Penck as late as 1896.
AAAS Special Symposia
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Two special symposia are planned in connection with the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in San Francisco, February 27 and 28, 1974. Both will be given under the auspices of Section W (Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Sciences). The symposium on ‘Remote Sensing Applications for Water Resources Monitoring’ will include papers on Advances in Water Resources Monitoring from Space, by V.V. Salomonson; Nimbus Microwave Spectrometer Observations, by D.H. Staelin; Radar for Rainfall Monitoring, by E. Kessler and K.E.Wilk; Application of Remote Sensing to Water Resources Monitoring in California, R.H. Burgy; Mapping Atlantic Coastal Wetlands Using ERTS‐1 and Sky lab Data, by R.R. Anderson and V. Carter; Snow and Ice Observations from Space, by J.C. Barnes; Microwave Measurements of Soil Moisture, by T.J. Schmugge; and Remote Sensing for Groundwater Exploration and Management, by M. Deutsch.
Openings on Ocean Affairs Board and Ocean Sciences Committee (NAS)
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Academy of Sciences is seeking qualified persons to fill vacancies on its Ocean Affairs Board and Ocean Sciences Committee.

The Ocean Affairs Board is anxious to involve in its activities individuals concerned with atmospheric affairs, coastal zone problems, the economics of marine activities, commercial uses of the sea, and the effects of man on the ocean environment. Individuals with broad experience in ocean policy, management, and national and international matters are particularly desired. Please send your recommendations to R.W. Morse, R. Revelle, J. Fisher, or to R.C. Vetter, Ocean Affairs Board, National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20418.
NSF awards 3 contracts for solar energy research
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Science Foundation has awarded three contracts for a research project designed to hasten the day when solar energy for heating, cooling, and supplying the hot water needs for buildings will become commercially available and socially acceptable.

The NSF awarded contracts totaling approximately $1,536,000 to three industry‐university teams to conduct studies for eight months as the first phase of the project.
International Symposium on Lake Hydrology
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Approximately 200 engineers and scientists from 35 countries attended the International Symposium on the Hydrology of Lakes held at Helsinki, Finland, July 23–27, 1973. The symposium was sponsored by Unesco, World Meteorological Organization, and the International Association of Hydrological Sciences. It was organized within the framework of the International Hydrological Decade by the Finnish National Committee for the IHD and the Finnish National Committee for IAHS.

All papers sessions were held at the Dipbli Congress Hall on the Otaniemi campus of the University of Helsinki. Eighty‐seven papers were scheduled for presentation concerning physiography, water balance, hydrometeorology, hydraulics, sedimentation, and water management. Of the 87 papers listed on the program, 26 were not presented. Three of the papers were presented in French and the rest in English. Only four papers were presented by U.S. authors. Each half‐day technical session had a chairman and a general reporter, the latter having responsibility for presenting a summary paper on the main topic of the subsequent group of papers. William C. Ackermann, Director of the Illinois Water Survey, served as one of the general reporters, presenting a summary on water management for lakes.
Correction [to October new products]
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The photo of the Model 110 Automatic Flourescent Particle counter appeared at the bottom of page 920 and the photo of the Model GA‐32 Magnetic Locator was at the top of page 121.
Glacier movement predicted a year in advance
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

For years, Medvezhy (the Bear) glacier, one of the more than 4000 in the Pamirs of Soviet Central Asia, has been studied intensively by researchers of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In the summer of 1973 their efforts were rewarded.

When Medvezhy once again began its sporadic and hitherto catastrophic slide toward the Vanch valley last May, it was fulfilling a prediction made by the scientists a year before. The government of Tajikistan had been warned, so that inhabitants of the danger zone, with their cattle and possessions, were relocated in ample time, and no deaths or injuries resulted. Steps were taken to avert or minimize the destruction attendant on similar slides in 1937, 1951, and 1963. But the mood of the Bear as he rose from hibernation in 1973 was no gentler than in those earlier years.
Hydrological effects of urbanization: Warsaw, Poland, November 8”10, 1973
Authors: Heindl L. A.
Published: October 2011

A total of 54 experts from 23 countries participated in the International Workshop on the Hydrological Effects of Urbanization. With the firm guidance of Zdzislaw Mikulski of the Water Resources Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences, the workshop completed its set task of reviewing the draft report, ‘Hydrological Effects of Urbanization: Environmental Impact.’
The President's Page: Science in a new era
Authors: Abelson Philip H.
Published: October 2011

There was an era long ago when scientists worked with test tubes, sealing wax, and string. Then if they chose, they could conduct their work largely unaffected by the public mood. But those days are gone, and research at the frontiers of science is complex and costly. Much of the support for research comes from the federal government, and its level and emphasis tend to be sensitive to public opinion. Moreover, higher education is also vulnerable to the winds of changing fashions. Accordingly, scientists and engineers have a considerable stake in consequences of the energy shortage. The profound influence of events on the conduct of research was evident in our experiences of the last two decades.
Advanced study institute offered by NATO
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

An Advanced Study Institute on Continuum Mechanics Aspects of Geo dynamics and Rock Fracture Mechanics will be offered by the Scientific Affairs Division of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, August 11–20, 1974, in Reykjavik, Iceland.

The purpose of the institute is to provide a link between mechanics of continuum media and geodynamics by facilitating exchange of knowledge, experience, and ideas among leading scientists in the two fields and participants actively engaged in research and applications.
Gordon Research Conferences, Summer 1974
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Gordon Research Conferences for summer 1974 will be held in New Hampshire and in California. The conference series will extend from June 10 through August 30.

Established to stimulate research in universities, industrial laboratories, and research foundations, the annual conference series utilizes an informal type of meeting consisting of scheduled speakers and discussion groups, with ample time made available to stimulate voluntary intercommunication among participants. This type of meeting has proved to be singularly effective as a means not only of disseminating ideas and information but of enabling scientists in related fields to become better acquainted and to form associations that often result in cooperative research efforts.
Highlights of the Council Meeting, December 9, 1973
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The fall meeting of the Council of the AGU was held on December 9, 1973, in the Jack Tar Hotel, San Francisco, California. Brief highlights only are presented here.

The council, unanimously approved institutional membership for AGU in the International Centre for Heat and Mass Transfer.
Aerosols, global temperatures, and climate linked
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

By screening out the rays of the sun, aerosols can reduce the global temperature, and by providing nuclei around which water droplets in clouds can condense or freeze, they can cause rain or snow.

Two scientists at the Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Boulder, Colorado, have drawn together and analyzed data collected by other investigators on aerosol emissions from various sources and the effects of different concentrations on worldwide climate.
The President's Page: Apollo Belvedere [Guest Editorial]
Authors: Wasserburg G. J.
Published: October 2011

It is five years since the first human beings landed on another planet and then returned to earth. It is almost two years since the last Apollo mission returned to earth from the moon. The excitement of Apollo 11 which reached a large proportion of the population of planet earth is now a quiet, majestic fact in history. The excitement and interest in scientific aspects of all the Apollo missions is active and has grown into an evolving study of our sister planet.
Problems related to the redefinition of North American Geodetic Networks
Authors: Whitten Charles A.
Published: October 2011

One hundred twenty delegates from twenty‐four countries met in Fredericton, New Brunswick, on May 20th to 25th to participate in an international symposium related to the new adjustments of the North American geodetic networks.

The geodetic agencies of Canada, Mexico, and the United States have cooperated for many years in the general development and extension of these control survey networks. Now, because of the remarkable achievements of the last decade, they recognize that it is an opportune time to adopt a new datum for the continental horizontal control network, one that will be accurately referenced to the networks of all other continents, with consideration that it be earth‐centered and a part of a worldwide geodetic system.
Report on instrumentation for air pollution analysis
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A technological market research organization has just completed a 210‐page study of markets for instrumentation for the analysis of air pollution. In their Report 233, Frost and Sullivan, Inc., of New York predict that these markets will continue to expand as government and industry increase their efforts to measure, monitor, and analyze air pollutants to further fulfill requirements of current and future legislation.
Hydrogeological group formed in Geological Society of London
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A Hydrogeological Group has been formed as a constituted group of the Geological Society of London. The group plans to hold three or four meetings a year.

The inaugural meeting, on the topic ‘The Scope of Hydrogeology,’ will be held in the Geological Society's quarters on October 24, 1974.
Geophysicists
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Four different bases are available for the new H/I Micromanipulator M so that, depending on application, a stationary, traversing, revolving, or magnetic type of platform can now be selected.

This precision micromanipulator provides for vertical, horizontal, and tilting adjustments. Coarse adjustments are by rack and pinion; fine motions are controlled by micrometer spindle.
Geodynamics Project Notes: The U.S. Program
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In the report of the U.S. Geodynamics Committee, U.S. Program for the Geodynamics Project: Scope and Objectives (Printing and Publishing Office, National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20418, 235 pp., 1973, $3.25), there were five basic recommendations, including ‘that there be a commitment of the government for U.S. participation in the Geodynamics Project’ and ‘that, in view of the fact that [at least twelve] federal agencies have activities relevant to some parts of the program, an appropriate focal point and mechanism be developed to coordinate the activities of the federal agencies, including their responses to the recommendations of the U.S. Geodynamics Committee.’
Floating power plants feasibility studied
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Two studies of the feasibility of large floating electric power plants using ocean temperature differences to provide energy for use on land have been funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF).

The design concepts to be analyzed in the research are for plants of 100 Mw or larger. Although power usage varies widely, a 100‐Mw plant might satisfy the needs of residential customers in a city of 300,000 to 400,000 population.
The AGU ad hoc Congressional Liaison Committee
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The AGU Council established an ad hoc Committee on Congressional Liaison at the 1974 annual meeting. The purpose of the committee is to study possible activities in the area of congressional liaison that might be appropriate for AGU.

A number of scientific and technical societies have established programs for communication with the legislative branch. Several of these programs include a full‐time staff operating a congressional liaison office while others are much less formal. Thus it is appropriate that the AGU examine the alternatives available with respect to congressional liaison activity. These activities might include: assisting congress in areas where AGU could provide sound technical advice on which legislation could be formulated; keeping the membership informed of legislative activities of interest to geophysicists, perhaps through notes in EOS, which might give the names of the specific congressmen involved; and providing information that might be valuable in permitting the membership to protect their professional interests with regard to pending legislation through various channels independent of AGU.
NSF director announces agency reorganization
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

H. Guyford Stever, Director of the National Science Foundation, has announced a major reorganization of the agency that is designed ‘to provide an effective management structure for dealing with current and future operations. The reorganization has been under active consideration for more than a year and is aimed at strengthening NSF and addressing problems of increased activities,’ he said.

An important change involves restructuring the Directorate for Research and the Directorate for National and International Programs along more functional lines. As a result, three new directorates (Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences; Astronomical, Earth, and Ocean Sciences; and Biological and Social Sciences) have been established. Each of the directorates will be headed by an assistant director nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate.
In defense of language study
Authors: Vitaliano Dorothy B.
Published: October 2011

I would like to say ‘amen’ to the remarks by Frank T. Manheim in the September issue of EOS. Not only is more than half the world literature in the earth sciences published in Russian, but a good part of that is in monograph form (perhaps 60% of it) and thus not picked up by the translations of leading journals.

As Dr. Manheim pointed out, those who can utilize the Russian literature directly have a distinct advantage over those who cannot. But there is an even more compelling reason why we need a ‘critical mass of prominent workers’ who can handle Russian, one which he only hinted at: Where else can we find potential translators of highly technical material? For translations will always be needed, and too few people understand that technical translation differs from other forms in that a sound grasp of the subject is of paramount importance. The English‐speaking scientist with a fair reading knowledge of Russian (or any other foreign language) can turn out much more accurate translations than one who may be thoroughly bilingual but is not familiar with the subject. Even when a technical term is included in the available bilingual dictionaries, it takes a certain amount of familiarity with the subject to know which of several definitions offered is the correct one in a given context; and at the rate that all the sciences are progressing, even the best of dictionaries cannot possibly keep completely up to date.
Smithsonian Institution research fellowship programs
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A fellowship program of higher education and research training in the earth sciences for 1976–1977 for doctoral and postdoctoral candidates, particularly in the fields of sedimentology and paleobiology, mineralogy, petrology, meteoritics, and volcanology, is offered by the Smithsonian Institution.

Applications for predoctoral and postdoctoral fellowships, supported by $5,000 and $10,000 per year plus research allowances, respectively, are due January 15, 1976.
Maurice Ewing Symposia
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, with the cosponsorship of the National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research and in cooperation with AGU, will initiate in March 1976 the first of a biannual series of symposia in honor of the late Maurice Ewing, founder of Lamont‐Doherty and past president of AGU.

The first symposium is ‘Problems in the Evolution of Island Arcs, Deep Sea Trenches, and Back Arc Basins,’ and it will be held at Arden House in Harriman, New York, from March 28 to March 31, 1976. Among the invited speakers are Sir Edward Bullard, W. R. Dickinson, Warren Hamilton, and Seiya Uyeda.
Sea solar power
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Sea Solar Power, Inc., the firm which recently demonstrated the world's first working model of a sea solar power plant, has just received a contract from the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration to further efforts in specific areas of full size plant design. One of the design requirements of a sea solar power plant is a cold‐water pipe, typically 12 m in diameter, suspended beneath the plant to depths of 1210 m to supply cold condensing water. The contract is for design and engineering evaluation of such a pipe.

Sea Solar Power, Inc., was established in 1973 by J. Hilbert Anderson and James H. Anderson, Jr., to develop and perfect a method of producing power by harnessing the temperature differences found in many parts of the ocean. This power would be completely clean and safe and would be much cheaper than established methods of power production.
New products
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Orbisphere Laboratories of Geneva, Switzerland, and York, Maine, announce the Model 2705 Oxygen Detector which provides high‐accuracy oxygen measurements at depths up to 200 m (600 ft). The instrument can be con‐nected to the detector head by long cables, of up to 300 m (900 ft), which permit continuous floating, downstream measurements.

The instrument is able to maintain long‐term stability with an average drift of only 0.05 p pm over a 30‐day period.
France joins IPOD
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The French National Center for the Exploitation of the Oceans and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) today signed a memorandum of understanding providing for French support and participation in the international phase of ocean drilling (IPOD) of the Deep‐Sea Drilling Project (DSDP).

Under the memorandum, France will contribute $1 million annually for 3 years in support of the DSDP. With the signing, France joins Great Britain, Japan, and the USSR as countries that have joined the United States in the project's international phase.
New seismograph station in Maine
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A new seismograph station has been established by Boston College's Weston Observatory in Allagash, Maine, to assist the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in evaluating seismic risk in the area of the proposed Dickey‐Lincoln dam and reservoir.

The station, eighth in the New England system operated by Boston College, was established in late November and has already recorded four small tremors in the area of the St. Lawrence River valley. Funding for the station was completely provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Benjamin Franklin—The compleat geophysicist
Authors: Pomerantz Martin A.
Published: October 2011

In commemorating the Bicentennial Anniversary of our nation, American geophysicists can take justifiable pride in the fact that one of the founding fathers was in his day the world's outstanding contributor to the development of our science. But few are aware of the breadth of his interests, which in fact spanned literally all of the disciplines embraced by AGU. Although his investigations of lightning are common knowledge, it is awesome to realize that phenomena studied by this most inquisitive and ingenious man in the eighteenth century fall within the purview of every one of the 10 sections of AGU. Thus on this occasion it seems most appropriate to reproduce some examples of Benjamin Franklin's writings on geophysical phenomena as well as to summarize his diverse activities as a geophysicist.
President's page: 30 out of 200 for ONR
Authors: Maxwell A. E.
Published: October 2011

In celebrating the United States Bicentennial, it is fitting that we also recognize the thirtieth anniversary of the founding of the Office of Naval Research, which has contributed so much to science and the well‐being of the country. Many younger scientists, particularly those turned off to the military with the country's involvement in the Vietnam War, have little sympathy nor much respect for research carried out under the auspices of the military establishment. Nonetheless, during times of great stress throughout the nation, the country has often taken advantage of science developed by the military to help solve nonrelated domestic problems. For example, during the Civil War the National Academy of Sciences was established to bring the country's scientific talents to bear on governmental needs. Similarly after World War I, the National Research Council was formed to enable the academy to be more effective in utilizing the science matured during wartime. The close of World War II found science in the United States at its peak. With the aid of a handful of dedicated scientists, particularly Vannevar Bush, a mechanism was established to make permanent the support of science which had been improvised so effectively during the war. So was born the Office of Naval Research.
Antarctic Dry Valley Drilling Project: Report on Seminar 2
Authors: Treves Samuel B. , Barrett Peter J. , Thompson Robert B. , Torii Tetsuya
Published: October 2011

An interdisciplinary science seminar on the Japanese, New Zealand, and American sponsored Dry Valley Drilling Project (DVDP) was hosted by the Antarctic Research Center and the Geology Department of Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, January 13–15, 1976.

The seminar, like the first one held in Seattle in May 1974, was designed to be a forum for scientists, administrators, and support personnel to report on achievements of the project to date and to consider future drilling in Antarctica. Seventy‐ one people attended the conference.
Science International solicits film clips, news item
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The television series Science International is soliciting film clips and/or information suitable for presentation to the average intelligent nonscientist. Verbal on‐air credit will be given to scientists and their institutions.

The series, which is to be hosted by Joseph Campanella, will be syndicated worldwide. It begins this fall in Canada, in January in selected U.S. markets, and in spring in Germany, Japan, Italy, and England.
Report of the treasurer
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Executive Committee of the Union approved the following testimony for submission in writing for the record of the hearings on H.R. 10013 National Climate Program Act held by the Subcommittee on Environment and the Atmosphere of the Committee on Science and Technology.

The American Geophysical Union is a scientific society of over 12,000 members. It was founded in 1919 and is incorporated in the District of Columbia as a nonprofit educational and scientific organization. The individual members are concerned with the scientific study of the earth and its environment in space. Among the membership are most of the geophysicists in the United States who have scientific interests in the earth's climate and the factors which govern it.
JILA Associateships and Fellowships
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Applications are invited for research associateships (recent Ph.D.'s) and visiting fellowships (senior scientists) by the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics. JILA, jointly run by the National Bureau of Standards and the University of Colorado, is devoted to research, study, and teaching in lowenergy atomic and molecular physics, theoretical astrophysics, and other closely related areas.
President's page
Authors: Maxwell A. E.
Published: October 2011

One of the constraints involved with writing this page is the submission of the manuscript two months prior to publication date. This often makes it difficult to discuss matters in a timely fashion. In the March issue of EOS I suggested that there be a new era for science with the commitment to reestablish a strong partnership between the government and the academic community. Further, I urged that geophysicists take the lead and play a major role in developing this partnership because of the importance of the earth sciences to national problems. Little could I realize the serendipity of timing that would occur with President Carter's appointment of Frank Press as his science adviser.
Results of Atlantic margin probe
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Preliminary results of a 60‐day scientific expedition this past summer that obtained core samples from the ocean floor of the Atlantic continental shelf and slope were announced by the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior.

Among the initial findings was the discovery of a large subsurface zone of freshwater much farther offshore than had been expected. Another finding was the presence of methane gas in sediments on areas of the continental margin which might affect the stability of the sediments.
Hot dry rock: Widespread but invisible
Authors: West F. G. , Shankland T. J.
Published: October 2011

Exploration for hot dry rock (HDR) as a potential geothermal resource presents some novel problems and unusual contradictions not to be expected in exploration for other geological resources. This became apparent at a meeting held on June 22, 1976, at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) on t he subject of Exploration Methods for Hot Dry Rock. Unlike the case of petroleum or mineral prospecting the search for HDR is not for a region of strong chemical contrasts that are displayed as contrasts of physical properties. Rock suitable for HDR technologies has relatively weak geological manifestations and is almost geophysically invisible on a local scale; it is not so susceptible to direct detection as is, say, a gas reservoir. Thus we must look at related manifestations and for patterns more than for hot dry rock itself.
Plate tectonics, energy and mineral resources: Basic research leading to payoff
Authors: Rona Peter A.
Published: October 2011

We like to believe that basic research ultimately pays off in practical benefits. Yet when the theory of plate tectonics was developed during the 1960's, the prognosis for its impact on mineral prospects was generally negative. The conceptual changes of plate tectonics from old to young ocean basins and from deterministic to indeterministic geotectonic cycles were initially considered to be unfavorable to the occurrence of energy and mineral resources, including hydrocarbons and metals. The prognosis has changed. The kinematic model provided by plate tectonics of the earth's outer layer or lithosphere, involving the interaction of a small number of large plates the boundaries of which are global seismic belts (Figures 1 and 2), not only is helping to explain the distribution and genesis of known mineral deposits, but also is revealing new prospects [Rona, 1973a].
SEAN report
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following geophysical events were reported by the Scientific Event Alert Network (SEAN), Smithsonian Institution, NHB Stop 129, Washington, D.C. 20560.
Gondwanaland reconstructed
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Gondwanaland has a new look. Antarctica curls around South America's tip, Australia and India fit closely together with no Sinus Australis between, and Madagascar is to the east of Mozambique.
USGS to assess national petroleum reserve in Alaska
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has undertaken the responsibility for obtaining the data necessary for a more precise assessment of the oil and gas potential in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPRA).

The most recent estimate of 5 billion barrels of oil and gas condensate and 14.3 trillion ft 3 of gas is based on relatively limited information. To gain a better understanding of the geological, geochemical, and geophysical characteristics of the NPRA, the USGS will carry out a test well‐drilling program while collecting and processing 4672 km of seismic surveys. The first year's wells will be four medium‐ depth exploratory or confirmation wells ranging from 3050 to 3660 m and two deep wells ranging from 4500 to 6000 m.
Ionospheric ions found in Van Allen Belts
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Large quantities of energetic oxygen ions from the earth's atmosphere have been found in the Van Allen radiation belts. R. G. Johnson, R. D. Sharp, and E. G. Shelley of Lockheed Missiles and Space Company reported at the spring AGU meeting that the oxygen along with helium and hydrogen ions from the ionosphere are injected into the radiation belts by an electric potential associated somehow with the aurorae. Measurements of the earth‐based ions in the radiation belts were made with a new mass spectrometer able to differentiate between the heavy earth ions and the light ions from the sun.
Hydrocarbon calibration measurement techniques
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

New standard reference materials (SRM) to better calibrate instruments and techniques to analyze the hydrocarbon content of air are now available in the following concentrations: SRM 1658, methane (0.951 ppm) in air; SRM 1659, methane (9.43 ppm) in air; and SRM 1660, methane (4.10 ppm) and propane (0.976 ppm) in air. The cost is $283/cylinder from the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) Office of Standard Reference Materials, Chemistry Building, Room B311, NBS, Washington, D.C. 20234.
SEAN report
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following geophysical and astronomical events were reported by the Scientific Event Alert Network (SEAN) , Smithsonian Institution, NHB Stop 129, Washington, D.C. 20560.

Volcanic Events.

Global volcanic activity appears to have remained low during late May and June. Eruptions continued at Aso, Sakurazima, and Suwanosezima (Japan). A May 24 aerial inspection of White Island (Bay of Plenty, New Zealand) revealed two new ash deposits: the eastern half of the island was covered by gray green ash erupted about May 10, and the main crater contained red pink ash which had fallen during the night of May 23–24.