bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safe Country of Origin List at the EU Level: The Bargaining Process and the Implications
Authors: Gurzu Anca
Published: May 2020

Critics have often highlighted that the 1999 Tampere decision to establish a common European Union (EU) asylum system has been too focused on security and not enough on human rights, leading to increased denial of protection for asylum seekers. This paper focuses on a controversial asylum policy, which is part of this debate: the safe country of origin (SCO) policy. This policy revolves around having a list of countries deemed "safe" which ensures asylum seekers from these countries are fast tracked through the system and likely denied asylum in the end, based on a general assumption that the application is unfounded. Human rights groups have argued the SCO policy violates the Geneva Convention. Widely used at the national level, officials proposed the creation of a supranational SCO list in the early 2000s. However, disagreements among Member States over what countries to deem “safe" as well as the need to place the European Parliament in a co-decision (as opposed to consultative) position for the creation of the EU SCO list have led to an impasse. This paper employs two major European integration theories, neofunctionalism and liberal intergovernmentalism, to explain the bargaining dynamics between Member States and their failure to agree on what “safe" means. Factors such as different national migratory pressures, varied procedural understandings and applications of the SCO policy, a limited successful harmonization in related asylum policies, along with a reluctance to have the European Parliament in a co-decision position all contributed to the non-adoption of a supranational SCO list.

 

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i1.212
Germany's Euro Crisis: Preferences, Management, and Contingencies
Authors: Olender Michael
Published: May 2020

This article applies Moravscik's ideational liberalism to outline domestic and international influences on German state preference formation since the introduction of the euro and discusses the trends that distinguish German policy making and why they matter in the development of sustainable solutions to the ongoing euro crisis. The German government's ideational commitments to the European project and ordoliberal principles are found to be significant determinants in preference formation, but while its commitment to Europe has remained stable over time, its commitment to ordoliberalism has wavered. The government prefers to advance European integration in line with ordoliberal principles, though in times of crisis it hardens its ordoliberal stance. This article argues that Germany will go to great lengths to keep the Eurozone intact because it is part of a grand political project, but the government's prescription for fiscal austerity, which is underpinned by ordoliberal principles, sometimes exacerbates the euro crisis. Policy recommendations that favour flexibility are offered for Germany and other Eurozone countries.

 

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i2.216
Vicarious Evaluation: How European Integration Changes National Identities
Authors: Giurlando Philip
Published: May 2020

This paper explores how European integration impacts the national identities of Member States. Identity is an amorphous concept, and so this paper focuses on one dimension of it: the perception of the relative status of the nation that nationalized individuals possess. Perceptions of relative national status flow from the fact that the international system is characterized by hierarchy, competition, and concerns for relative gains and losses. A key motivation for the foreign policies of lower status nations is equality with higher status ones, and for the former, European integration is often perceived in equalizing terms. But, this perception of Europe as equalizer often does not correspond with objectively unequal power relations in Europe. This paper focuses on why, among nationalized individuals, perceptions of power differentials change, even though objectively the unequal inter-state power relations may remain unchanged. The case study is Italy entering the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union in 1999, which was perceived by many Italians in equalizing terms, even though the unequal power relations between Italy and Europe's elite countries remained objectively the same.

 

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v7i2.219
Psychological capital and occupational commitment of Chinese urban preschool teachers mediated by work-related quality of life
Authors: Cheng Li , Gan Yongtao
Published: May 2020

We explored how the psychological capital of preschool teachers influences their occupational commitment (OC), and how work-related quality of life (WRQoL) mediates this relationship. Participants were 759 urban preschool teachers in China, who completed the Psychological Capital Questionnaire,
the Work-Related Quality of Life Scale, and the Occupational Commitment Scale. Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling with Amos 21.0. Our results indicate that the psychological capital of preschool teachers positively influenced their OC, and that WRQoL was a significant
partial mediator of this relationship, that is, as teachers' WRQoL increased, so too did the influence of their psychological capital on their OC. These results highlight potential avenues for improving the psychological capital and OC of preschool teachers that may be implemented in schools
and governmental institutions.
Avaliação clínica das soluções de fucsina básica 0,5% e vermelho ácido 1% em propilenoglicol como evidenciadores de cárie em dentes decíduos
Authors: Picon Carla Kluck , Zis Viviane , Figueiredo Márcia Cançado
Published: May 2020

A eficácia dos tradicionais critérios de detecção da dentina cariada infectada e também desmineralizada, tem sido questionada por vários pesquisadores, relatando que os estudantes e profissionais de Odontologia falham ao diagnosticar clinicamente qual dentina que deverá ser removida. Tendo em vista tamanha discussão, nós nos propusemos verificar clinicamente a efetividade de duas soluções evidenciadoras de cárie (fucsina básica 0,5% em propilenoglicol e solução de vermelho ácido 1,0% em propilenoglicol), que foram aplicadas por um examinador após o término de 100 preparos cavitários de dentes decíduos, realizados por alunos da Clínica da Disciplina de Odontopediatria da FO UFRGS. O resultado percentual do total de dentina corada foi de 82%. Não se encontrou diferenças estatisticamente significantes quando estes dados foram submetidos ao Teste T de Student para as amostras independentes e quando realizada a comparação entre as médias da JAD e FC, permitindo concluir que há discordância no diagnóstico do remanescente carioso comparando método clínico-visual com a utilização de soluções evidenciadoras.
Kent Kökenli Kadın Eğlencelerine Bir Örnek: Kerem'le Kız Kıza
Authors: Büyükokutan Töret Aslı
Published: May 2020

Sanayileşmeye paralel olarak başlayan kente göç, toplumların gündelik yaşamında ve eğlence şekillerinde değişmelere yol açmıştır. Kadınların çalışma hayatına katılması ve kadın işgücünün ülke kalkınmasındaki öneminin anlaşılarak bu yönde politikaların izlenmesi, kentlerde kadınların da eğlenceye duyduğu ihtiyacın nedenini ortaya koymaktadır. Ev ve iş hayatının neden olduğu stres, zorluk ve yorgunluktan kadınları uzaklaştıran, hoşça vakit geçirten eğlence ve bu ihtiyacın giderilme şeklini özellikle kültür değişmeleri bağlamında değerlendirmek gerekmektedir. Eskişehir il merkezinde hafta içinde gerçekleştirilen Kerem’le Kız Kıza adlı program, bu ihtiyaca yönelik kent kökenli eğlencelere bir örnektir. İcracısı konservatuvar mezunu olan ve ortalama üç saat süren programın her hafta dolu olması, kent kadınlarının yeni eğlence arayışı içinde olduklarını göstermektedir. Bilhassa kentteki üst gelir ve eğitim grubu mensuplarının yoğun ilgi gösterdikleri eğlencede, bazı geleneksel unsurları canlandırma ve yaşatma gayreti de dikkat çekmektedir. Makalede, Eskişehir’de sadece kadınların katılabildiği Kerem’le Kız Kıza adlı eğlence programı yapısal ve işlevsel bir yaklaşımla ele alınmıştır. “Katılma”, “gözlem” ve “mülakat” yöntemleriyle elde edilen verilerden hareketle söz konusu programın, kadınların sosyalleşmesi, dayanışması, toplumsal baskı ve kontrol mekanizmasından kurtulması açısından önemli bir görevi yerine getirmekte olduğu görülmüştür. Kadınların, programın icracısının biyolojik cinsiyetinden rahatsız olmadıkları, onun koreografisi, sahne kostümü, repertuvarı, zenne ve dansçılarla yaptığı şovu ile eğlendikleri, kendisiyle fotoğraf çektirdikleri gözlemlenmiştir. İcracının şarkıcı ve eğitimci kimliğinin, cinsiyet kimliğinin önüne geçmesi hâlihazırda yerleşmiş olan toplumsal cinsiyet kodlarının kırılmaya başlaması hakkında da önemli ipuçları sunmaktadır.
Unutulmuş Bir Topluluğu Hatırlamak: Diyarbakır Yahudileri
Authors: Şanlı Süleyman
Published: May 2020

Mezopotamya ve Anadolu'da Yahudilerin varlığına çok eski çağlardan beri karşılaşılmaktadır. Osmanlı döneminde, zamanla Yahudiler devletin farklı bölgelerine dağıldılar fakat daha çok İstanbul, İzmir, Bursa ve Edirne gibi batı bölgelerinde yoğunlaştılar. Ancak bununla birlikte, Osmanlı Devleti'nin ve günümüz Türkiye’sinin doğu kesiminde yaşayan başka Yahudi toplulukları da vardı. Gaziantep, Urfa, Siverek, Diyarbakır, Çermik, Mardin, Nusaybin, Cizre, Başkale ve Van gibi doğu kesimlerinde yaşayan önemli Yahudi cemaatler de vardı. Görüleceği üzere Doğu Yahudileri derken öncelikle Osmanlı Devletinin doğusunda daha sonra da Türkiye’nin doğusunda yaşayan Yahudilere atıfta bulunulmaktadır. Bu çalışma bir zamanlar Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun ve daha sonraları Türkiye'nin doğusunda yaşayan ancak İsrail’e göç eden Yahudilerin ekonomi, din, sosyal ve yaşam gibi kültürel özelliklerini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Söz konusu topluluklar içinde Diyarbakır Yahudileri, bu kentte yaşayan uzun tarihi bir geçmişi olan dinsel azınlık gruplarından birisidir. Diyarbakır’da Yahudilerin varlığı yüzyıllar öncesine dayanmaktadır. Türkiye Yahudileri ile ilgilenen tarihçiler veya araştırmacılar genellikle İstanbul Yahudileri, İzmir Yahudileri ve batıdaki şehirlerin farklı bölgelerinde yaşayan Yahudiler üzerinde çalışmaktadırlar. Araştırmaların eksikliği ve kaynakların azlığı, Diyarbakır Yahudilerini Doğu Yahudileri arasında dikkate alınması gereken önemli Yahudi topluluklarından biri haline getirmektedir. Bu makalede, bir zamanlar Türkiye'nin doğusunda yaşayan ve daha sonra İsrail'e taşınan küçük bir dini grubun göç süreci, dini, sosyal ve kültürel durumlarına yer verilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Diyarbakır şehrinin çok kültürlü ve çok dinli yapısında Yahudilerin yaşam tarzları, inançları ve diğer yerli topluluklarla olan ilişkileri incelenmektedir. Bununla birlikte, bu makaledeki verilerin çoğunluğu, İsrail'de gerçekleştirilen antropolojik alan çalışmasına dayanan derinlemesine mülakatlardan elde edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, görüşmeciler tarafından verilen bilgiler, bu çalışmanın en önemli ayırt edici özelliğini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çerçeve de unutulmak üzere olan Diyarbakırlı dini azınlık grubunu daha görünür kılmak amaçlanmaktadır.
As políticas públicas educacionais em tempos de educação 3.0
Authors: Jung Hildegard Susana , Vaz Douglas , Benatti Remi Maria Zanatta
Published: May 2020

O objetivo do presente artigo consiste em suscitar o debate sobre os limites e as possibilidades das políticas públicas educacionais em tempos de educação 3.0. A metodologia tem abordagem qualitativa e buscou seus dados em uma revisão da literatura pertinente à temática. O referencial teórico fundamenta-se, principalmente, em autores como Moran (2014), Lévy (1999), Sant’Ana, Suanno e Sabota (2017), Fava (2014), entre outros. Os resultados sinalizam que: a) a educação 3.0 transcende a questão da utilização das tecnologias como recurso pedagógico, uma vez que supõe uma mudança profunda na educação, a qual deve considerar a interdisciplinaridade e a complexidade; b) a educação brasileira, desde o Brasil Imperial, tem um caráter público, portanto as políticas públicas educacionais precisam acompanhar as mudanças impostas pela contemporaneidade; c) o maior desafio pelo qual passam as políticas educacionais na atualidadeconsiste em acompanhar as demandas da educação 3.0, cenário em que um estudantemais autônomo e conectado exige práticas docentes que condizem com as suas necessidades,bem como um sistema educacional pensado para o cenário que se apresenta. O debate está aberto.
Supply of Materials to the Agribusiness Sector of European Union Countries
Authors: Bajan Bartłomiej , Mrówczyńska-Kamińska Aldona
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this paper was to assess the prevailing relationships in the supply structure of the agribusiness sector in European Union countries over the years. The study focused on 25 European Union countries (Cyprus, Luxembourg and Malta were excluded) to address the changes in the supply structures of agriculture and food industries, the two major components of agribusiness. The study was of a dynamic nature. Although the study period was 2000–2014, this paper only presents the figures for the first and the last year, i.e. 2000 and 2014. The main focus was on drawing conclusions on the trends observed which proved to be relatively stable in the years covered. The input–output analysis was used by aggregating the sectors of the economy for a better transparency of the inference process. As shown by this study, EU countries at higher development levels witness a decline in the share of the chemical industry in the mix of goods and services supplied to agriculture. Conversely, less developed countries saw that ratio increase. Also, the share of goods supplied to agriculture from the fuel and energy sectors goes up in most EU countries. As regards the food industry, this study observed high shares of agriculture, services and self-supply in the supply structure of EU countries. This analysis extends the existing knowledge on the relationships in the structure of materials supplied to the agribusiness because in addition to agriculture itself (which was addressed by similar studies found in literature) it takes account of the food industry. Moreover, based on long-term observations, it endeavors to capture the prevailing relationships in several countries at a time.
Prediction of denitrification capacity of alkalotolerant bacterial isolates from soil - an artificial neural network model
Authors: Sovljanski Olja , Tomic Ana , Pezo Lato , Ranitovic Aleksandra , Markov Sinisa
Published: May 2020

In the past decades, the bioremediation process based on denitrification by aerobic heterotrophic bacteria was extensively studied for different engineering approaches. Besides the fact that only non-pathogenic and non-biofilm forming bacteria must be used, it is very important to isolate bacteria or a group of bacteria in nature with the capacity to remove completely nitrate without accumulation of nitrogen oxides or ammonia as intermediates. In this article, the denitrification capacity of 43 bacterial strains isolated from slightly alkaline and calcite soils along the Danube River were investigated by artificial neural network (ANN) modelling. According to the obtained results, an ANN model was developed for the prediction of denitrification capacity of bacterial soil strains based on six signification denitrification indicators: biomass and N2 gas production, nitrate and nitrite concentration as well as nitrite and ammonia formation. The ANN model showed a reasonably good predictive capability of the outputs (overall R2 for prediction was 0.958). In addition, the experimental verification of the ANN in laboratory testing indicated that the ANN could predict the denitrification capacity of soil bacteria during the denitrification process in laboratory conditions.
Evaluation of the suitability of human settlement environment in shanghai city based on fuzzy cluster analysis
Authors: Xue Qi-Rui , Yang Xiao-Hua
Published: May 2020

Fuzzy clustering analysis is a mathematical method to classify objective
things according to their characteristics, affinity, and similarity by
establishing fuzzy equivalence relations. It can solve the ambiguity of
environment classification better. With the development of cities, the
effluent and waste gas discharged by industrial activities have a great
impact on the living environment of cities. This paper builds up an
evaluation system of urban residential environment by considering society,
economy, resources and environment conditions, the results show that the
human settlement suitability of Shanghai became better during 2001 to 2016.
Polynomial characteristic method an easy approach to lie symmetry
Authors: Tian Yi , Wang Kang-Le
Published: May 2020

Along the approach to Lie symmetry, it is always needed to solve an
over-determined system, which is difficult and complex if not impossible.
Here we suggest a new polynomial characteristic method combined with Lie
algorithm to complete symmetry classification for a class of perturbed
equations. A differential polynomial characteristic set algorithm is
proposed to decompose the determining equations into a series of equations
easy to be solved.
Suitable Proportion Sample of Holdout Validation for Spatial Rainfall Interpolation in Surrounding the Makassar Strait
Authors: Giarno Giarno , Hadi Muhammad Pramono , Suprayogi Slamet , Murti Sigit Heru
Published: May 2020

Spatial rainfall interpolation requires a number of suitable validation samples to maintain accuracy. Generally, the larger the areas which can be predicted, the better the interpolation. In addition, the data used for validation should be separated from the modelling data. Moreover, the number of samples determine optimally proportion the independent sites. The objective of this study is to determine the optimal sample ratio for holdout validation in interpolation methods; the Makassar Strait was chosen as the study location because of its daily rainfall variation. The accuracy of the sample selection is tested using correlation, root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and the indicators of contingency tables. The results show that accuracy depends on the ratio of the modelling data. Therefore, the more extensive the data used for interpolation, the better the accuracy. Otherwise, if the rain gauge data is separated according to province, there will be a variation in accuracy in the portion of independent samples. For rainfall interpolation, it is recommended to use a minimum 75% of data sites to maintain accuracy. Comparison between kriging and inverse distance weighting or IDW methods indicates that IDW is better. Moreover, rainfall characteristics affect the accuracy and portion of the independent sample.
The canine furcation cyst, a newly defined odontogenic cyst in dogs: 20 cases (2013–2017)
Authors: Soukup Jason W. , Bell Cynthia M.
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

To characterize clinical, radiographic, and histologic features of canine furcation cysts (CFCs) in dogs and to propose possible mechanisms of CFC development.

ANIMALS

20 client-owned dogs with CFCs biopsied between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017.

PROCEDURES

Medical records of the Center for Comparative Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison were retrospectively searched to identify records of dogs that had surgical biopsy specimens of mandibular or maxillary cavitary lesions diagnosed as odontogenic cysts and that met additional inclusion criteria. Biopsy sample submission records, medical records, clinical and radiographic images, and histologic samples were reviewed. Clinical, radiographic, and histologic features were evaluated.

RESULTS

Mean body weight and age of affected dogs were 23.5 kg (51.7 lb) and 8.2 years, respectively. All 20 dogs had a unilateral cyst, with the right (n = 13) or left (7) maxillary fourth premolar tooth affected and viable in all dogs. A predominant clinical sign was a fluctuant swelling of the buccal gingiva and mucosa overlying the CFC, and enucleation of the cyst lining, with or without extraction of the affected tooth, resolved the lesion in most dogs.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Our findings indicated that CFC is an odontogenic cyst of uncertain etiopathogenesis and that complete evaluation of the clinical, radiographic, and histologic features of the lesion in affected patients is necessary to distinguish a CFC from other odontogenic cysts and tumors in dogs. Defining CFCs in terms of characteristic features permits accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of these previously unclassifiable odontogenic cysts in dogs.
STRATEGI BELAJAR DAN PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BAHASA
Authors: Fatimah Fatimah , Kartikasari Ratna Dewi
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAK  Penelitian ini bertujuan agar proses pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan keterampilan bahasa dapat memberikan hasil dan prestasi yang baik bagi generasi bangsa dan negara. Proses pembelajaran harus disertai dengan strategi belajar, strategi pembelajaran, serta strategi keterampilan bahasa meliputi keterampilan menyimak, keterampilan berbicara, keterampilan membaca dan keterampilan menulis. Semua aspek tersebut memberikan peranan penting dalam proses pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan keterampilan bahasa. Dengan adanya strategi belajar dan pembelajaran diharapkan proses belajar maupun pembelajaran bahasa dapat terlaksana dengan baik sehingga dapat meningkatkan keterampilan dalam berbahasa. Keterampilan berbahasa yang baik dapat mempermudah individu dalam berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi dengan lingkungan. Seiring perkembangan teknologi dan zaman, hal tersebut juga menjadi motivasi agar Bahasa Indonesia dapat diperkenalkan dan dikembangkan ke seluruh dunia. Kata kunci: Strategi pembelajaran, bahasa Indonesia.
MENGUAK SASTRA DALAM SEJARAH ISLAM
Authors: Khaerunnisa Khaerunnisa , Septiana Dini
Published: May 2020

Sejak dahulu sastra menjadi pendamping sejarah perjalanan Indonesia. Sastra menjadi salah satu wadah untuk mengisahkan setiap tragedi yang terjadi dalam perkembangan Indonesia. Begitu pula dalam sejarah perkembangan Islam yang sering sekali dikisahkan dalam syair-syair. Kata sastra sangat akrab dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Sastra dapat memainkan perannya sebagai media yang menjadi sumber informasi untuk menyampaikan tentang nilai-nilai pendidikan moral dan membudayakan sebauh kisah kegenerasi selanjutnya. Oleh karena itu dalam pembahasan ini akan menguak sastra dan ajaran Islam serta menguak ajaran Islam dan sastra pada saat ini terkhusus di Indonesia. Karya sastra yang kental dengan budaya sering sekali diasumsikan tidak bisa dikaitkan denga agama, dalam pembahasan ini menguak sejarah Islam yang akrab dengan budaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data yang berasal dari studi pustaka, hasil akan disajikan dengan cara mendeskripsikan hasil yang telah didapat. Sastra sejak dulu sudah digandrungi sebagai alat penyampaian pesan dengan cara memainkan kata-kata sehingga indah dibaca dan didengar. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dipahami bahwa sastra sesungguhnya telah ada pada zaman penyebaran Islam yaitu sebelum Nabi Muhammad SAW mendapatkan wahyu yang dapat dibuktikan dari ayat dan kisahat sahabat pada masa itu. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap sastra sebelum ajaran Islam dan unsur sastra yang terdapat pada kitab suci Alquran. Bangsa Arab pada masa penyebaran Islam memang telah mengenal sastra namun sering disebut pintar bermain kata. Pada masa itu jika seseorang pandai bermain kata indah maka mereka akan menjadi seseorang yang dihargai dan dianggap berintelektual, oleh karena itu manusia pada masa itu setelah Alquran diturunkan banyak yang mengagumi kata demi kata yang terdapat di dalamnya. Dalam penelitian ini terkuak bahwa benar Alquran mengandung nilai-nilai sastra yang terkandung di dalamnya.
Higher Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression in the Population of Untreated Immune-Tolerant Phase Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: An Evidence Based
Authors: Fahira Alessa , Hasan Irsan
Published: May 2020

Background: Hepatitis B infection is a major health problem worldwide, currently occurring in 350-400 millions of people. If not treated properly, hepatitis B infection may progess into chronic hepatitis B (CHB)—which may developed into hepatocelullar carcinoma (HCC). The first phase of CHB, the immune-tolerance (IT) phase, is marked with minimal necroinflammatic activity and a lower risk in the development of a more chronic liver condition, by hence antiviral therapy is not recommended. Recent studies however, shows that there are apparently histological activity and immune specific response towards HBV, accompanied by extensive clonal expansion of hepatitis in the IT phase, hence questioning its risk for the development of HCC. This evidence-based case report is meant to comprehensively review the effect of antiviral treatment in IT-phase CHB patients from available studies.Method: Pubmed, ProQuest, Cochrane, Scopus, Sciencedirect and EBSCOhost were comprehensively searched for systematic review and cohort prognostic researches studying the impact of anti-virals treatment for CHB patients in IT-phase. Three studies were selected and critically appraised. Data were then summarized descriptively.Results: The three studies included in this study were retrospective cohort studies. One study stated that the treated IT-phase group had significantly reduced risk for HCC (HR = 0.234; log-rank p = 0.046), compared to the untreated IT-phase group. One study found that untreated IT phase is asscociated with significantly higher risk of HCC (HR = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.54 to 4.18; p 0.001) compared to the treated immune-active (IA) phase group. The last study stated a higher adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of the UIT in predicting HCC risk was 2.327 (95% CI 0.475–11.391; p = 0.297), if compared to the IA group.Conclusion: While studies shows apparent results regarding the treatment of CHB patients in the IT-phase and its benefit in reducing cumulative incidence of HCC, its clinical advantage is soon to be discovered. The results were inconclusive, and the initiation of treatment in CHB patients within the IT-phase cannot yet be recommended until further research.
Perbandingan Sistem Pengelolaan Sampah di TPA Wukirsari Gunungkidul dan Tpa Banyuroto Kulon Progo
Authors: Suyatmi Suyatmi , Mulasari Surahma Asti
Published: May 2020

Sistem pengelolaan sampah kota umumnya dilakukan adalah sistem 3P (pengumpulan, pengangkutan dan pembuangan). Sampah dikumpulkan dari sumbernya, kemudian diangkut ke TPS (Tempat Pembuangan Sementara) dan dibuang ke TPA (Tempat Pembuangan Akhir).Pengelolaan sampah di Indonesia masih menggunakan paradigma lama  kumpul-angkut-buang atau  dikenal  dengan  pendekatan  akhir  (endof-pipe),  yaitu  sampah  dikumpulkan, diangkut,dan dibuang ke tempat pemrosesan akhir sampah.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perbandingan sistem pengelolaan sampah di TPA Wukirsari Gunungkidul dan TPA Banyuroto Kulon Progo.Jenispenelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Volume sampah yang masuk ke TPA Wukirsari Gunungkidul pada bulan Januari sampai April 2014 sebanyak10.106,1 m3 sedangkan pada TPA Banyuroto Kulon Progo sebanyak 6.288 m3. Pelayanan pengangkutan yang dilakukan oleh TPA Wukirsari Gunungkidul dan TPA Banyuroto   dengandoor to door dan pengambilan padakontainer. Penerimaan sampah di TPA Wukirsari Gunungkidul dan TPA Banyuroto Kulon Progo petugas mencatatvolume sampah sesuai kapasitas muatan kendaraan tanpa ditimbang. Pengolahan akhir di TPA Wukirsari Gunungkidul menggunakan metode sanitary landfill, pengolahan akhir di TPA Banyuroto Kulon Progo menggunakan metode controlled landfill.TPA Wukirsari Gunungkidul belum efektif dalam melakukan pengolahan akhir di TPA sedangkan TPA Banyuroto Kulon Progo sudah efektif melakukan pengolahan akhir untuk mengurangi volume sampah yang masuk ke TPA. Volume sampah  di  TPA Wukirsari Gunungkidul lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan  volume  sampah di  TPA Banyuroto Kulon Progo. Prosedur pengangkutan dan penerimaan sampah pada kedua TPA ini sama. Pengolahan akhir di TPA Banyuroto Kulon Progo sudah efektif mengurangi volume sampah.
Saturation Profile Based Conformality Analysis for Atomic Layer Deposition: Aluminum Oxide in Lateral High-Aspect-Ratio Channels
Authors: Yim Jihong , Ylivaara Oili , Ylilammi Markku , Korpelainen Virpi , Haimi Eero , Verkama Emma , Utriainen Mikko , Puurunen Riikka
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT: Atomic layer deposition (ALD) raises global interest through its unparalleled conformality. This work describes new microscopic lateral high-aspect-ratio (LHAR) test structures for conformality analysis of ALD. The LHAR structures are made of silicon and consist of rectangular channels supported by pillars. Extreme aspect ratios even beyond 10 000:1 enable investigations where the adsorption front does not penetrate to the end of the channel, thus exposing the saturation profile for detailed analysis. We use the archetypical trimethylaluminum (TMA)-water ALD process to grow alumina as a test vehicle to demonstrate the applicability, repeatability and reproducibility of the saturation profile measurement and to provide a benchmark for future saturation profile studies. Through varying the TMA reaction and purge times, we obtained new information on the surface chemistry characteristics and the chemisorption kinetics of this widely studied ALD process. We propose new saturation profile related classifications and terminology.
Natural Contaminants in Infant Food: The Case of Regulated and Emerging Mycotoxins
Authors: Braun Dominik , Eiser Maximilian , Puntscher Hannes , Marko Doris , Warth Benedikt
Published: May 2020

Breast milk substitutes, e.g. infant formulae, are commonly introduced to the diet within the first months of life. As the infants detoxifying capability is not fully developed, it is of vital importance to minimize their exposure to food contaminants. Here, we present the first comprehensive multi-mycotoxin assessment in infant food. Samples (n=59) were screened for 46 mycotoxins and key metabolites using two complementary LC-MS/MS methods. Trace levels of 17 mycotoxins, including aflatoxin B1 (0.4 µg/kg), zearalenone (<2.3 µg/kg), deoxynivalenol (<131 µg/kg) and fumonisin B1 (<39 µg/kg) were detect-ed. Infant formulae were contaminated at lower levels compared to cereal-based products. Overall, the concentrations of most toxins were near or below their respective LOQ value. However, two raw flour samples exceeded the regulatory limit of aflatoxin B1 for infant foods. Interestingly, two toxins not reported previously, namely aflatoxicol and sterigmatocystin, were identified in 3 and 17% of infant foods, respectively.
Design and Implementation of Automatic Following Balancing Vehicle Based on UWB Positioning Principle
Authors: Zhang Chenyu , Chen Fangyi , Kang Zhongyun
Published: May 2020

With the modernization of industrial production, various automatic following technologies have gradually penetrated into people's lives. Among them, the application fields that follow mobile balancing vehicles range from the structured environment of factories to the daily living environment. The purpose of this subject is to be able to use UWB positioning technology to realize that the balanced trolley is an automatic following function, which mainly uses the ranging function in UWB positioning technology, uses the TOF ranging principle and embedded basic knowledge, and changes the positioning algorithm to a following algorithm. The distance between the target object and the person is effectively determined by two tags set on the trolley and a base station in the hand to determine the distance, and the distance information is transmitted through the serial port. By writing an algorithm, the distance information is converted to the driving information of the trolley, and the driving information is sent to the trolley to control the trolley, thereby realizing the task of balancing the trolley to follow the specified target in a simple indoor environment.
Positional differences in anthropometric characteristics of the Croatian U18 female field handball players
Authors: Vuleta Dinko , Bojić-Ćaćić Lidija , Milanović Dragan , Mišigoj Duraković Marjeta , Dizdar Dražan
Published: May 2020

The aim of the study was to analyze positional
differences in anthropometric characteristics of 48 Croatian selected female handball
juniors (average age 18.43 years) who played in three positions: backs (B;
n=19), wings (W; n=7) and pivots (P; n=6). Twenty-four anthropometric measures, defining the four latent
morphological dimensions, were used. Globally, significant differences were revealed
by means of ANOVA in 11 morphological measures (7 at p≤.01 and 4 at p≤.05)
between the three groups of female juniors with no significant differences in
longitudinal dimensions. Only one significant positional difference was found
between pivots and backs (in the lower leg skinfold in favour of pivots
suggesting a higher body fat percentage. Between wings and pivots no
significant differences were found in longitudinal body dimensions; however,
the measures of skeletal transversality,
voluminosity and partially of fatty tissue (two variables) corroborated the
fundamental difference between these two positions: pivotsʼ body built was more
robust. No significant differences were found in longitudinal and almost all
transversal measures between backs and wings; however, the differences in body
voluminosity (all in favour of backs) were probably due to the selection
process. In the juniorsʼ somatotype (3.72‒3.49‒2.32),
endomorph and mesomorph components were predominant over the ectomorph
component, in which the lowest values were obtained from the players in all the
three positions. It is of outmost importance that handball
practitioners should work on the reduction of players’ percentage of
subcutaneous fatty tissue and on the enhancement of the portion of active
muscle mass in their body composition by the implementation of quality sports
training programmes and changes in dietary habits if better game performance
and sports achievements of the Croatian junior female handball players are
expected.
Kant's Idea of Association and Passive Synthesis
Authors: Tang Shusheng
Published: May 2020

When Kant discusses the comprehensive role of transcendental imagination, he mentions the role of an empirical synthesis, which is the basis of perceptual activity, but if it is based on empirical synthesis then the contradiction of a priori comprehensive ability and empirical synthesis has occurred, and the relationship between active synthesis and passive synthesis of consciousness has now become a problem that must be solved. The description of the association idea has already incorporated the passive synthesis component, which actually provides a solution to this contradiction.
Análisis de los hábitos de estudio en los estudiantes del primer semestre de la Facultad de Psicología, PUCE
Authors: Vargas Estupiñan Elka Jacqueline , Barahona Cruz Nora Paulina , Verkovitch Irina Eugenievna
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo se basa en los resultados de la investigación exploratoria realizada en la Facultad de Psicología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, durante el período comprendido entre marzo 2016 a febrero 2017 (dos semestres consecutivos), que se centró en comprender los hábitos de estudio de los estudiantes que ingresan a la Facultad, para este estudio se utilizó el test Inventario de Hábitos de estudio (IHE) el cual fue aplicado a un total de 250 estudiantes. De las escalas analizadas el estudio concluye que el resultado más bajo se obtiene en Planificación de Estudio, por lo que se proponen acciones para fortalecer esta área. Respecto al factor Condiciones Ambientales, es necesario señalar que esta es una escala de la que no se tendrá control total, debido a la existencia de condiciones extra universitarias que inciden. Sin embargo, realizar cambios en el entorno de estudios puede implicar mejorar en el rendimiento. Las escalas Utilización de Materiales y Asimilación de contenidos, también merecen atención, sobre todo en la detección de los factores relevantes, para potenciarlos en el trabajo individual y grupal que cada docente realiza en el aula. Esta información permite iniciar la elaboración del perfil de entrada del estudiante de Psicología.
Análisis de la Ley Orgánica de Discapacidades y otras disposiciones como apoyo a los procesos de inclusión
Authors: Valdivieso Miño Gina Marcela , Lalama Rovayo Ruth Magdalena
Published: May 2020

Las personas con discapacidad (PCD) han estado desprotegidas por muchos años, y en muchos casos excluidas y discriminadas, lo que ha generado una baja autoestima en las mismas. Con el estudio realizado, se procura dar a conocer la existencia y disposiciones contenidas en la legislación que pretenden, establecer acciones directas que favorezcan la inclusión y bienestar de las PCD. Si bien el Ecuador ha avanzado en este tema a nivel político y jurídico, aún se observa contradicciones entre ellas. El momento que la PCD quiere ejercer sus derechos, la falta de información y el sinnúmero de procedimientos imposibilitan su acceso a los mismos. Pretenderemos describir el marco conceptual de qué se entiende por discapacidad y además, realizar un análisis bibliográfico del marco jurídico que rige en el país, para finalmente contrastarlo con la realidad ecuatoriana, los servicios dispuestos, responderse a la pregunta planteada acerca de la complejidad que se presenta para una persona con discapacidad que desea acceder a los servicios requeridos y emitir las conclusiones y recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones sobre este tema.
La praxis educativa como acontecimiento ético: Una aproximación a las propuestas de mélich y savater
Authors: VILAIN ROGER
Published: May 2020

En este trabajo pretendemos indagar la propuesta ético-educativa de Joan Carles Mélich (1994) y sus posibles vínculos con las ideas de Fernando Savater (1999, 2004). Creemos que el ámbito de la educación y la ética son dos planos que en Mélich y Savater permanecen inextricables, de modo que esta, como filosofía moral que hurga los valores de un nuevo modo de vivir en sociedad, implica la irrupción de un acontecimiento educativo que marca de forma indeleble al educando. Así, el individuo o “yo” debe construirse a partir de la relación mutua con un “tú” reconocido como ontológicamente igual, al punto de que la comunidad resultante, es decir la sociedad, se deriva de la interacción permanente entre sujetos que imponen mutuamente responsabilidades, respetos, dignidades (Kant, 2002), que desembocan en una concepción de la educación en tanto revelación de la condición humana. Los discursos educativos sobre los que se asienta este trabajo corresponden a las propuestas de Joan Carles Mélich (1994) y Fernando Savater (1999, 2004), reportadas en las respectivas referencias bibliográficas.Se trata de una investigación de tipo descriptivo-explicativo cuyo enfoque epistemológico es intuitivo-introspectivo.
Diseño metodológico para la valoración económica de los servicios ambientales de la reserva ecológica “Hola Vida”
Authors: Gavidia B. José , Palacios B. Teresa , Yauri B. Carmen
Published: May 2020

Los servicios ambientales que presta un bosque son incalculables y carecen de un mercado, es decir, no tienen un valor económico relacionado con cada uno de ellos, por tal motivo, son explotados de manera incontrolada sin prever las consecuencias que ello conlleva. La importancia de establecer un valor económico a los servicios ambientales provenientes de los bosques, no solo radica en representar en cifras monetarias cuánto significarían las pérdidas de uno u otro recurso natural; sino más bien, representar la necesidad de mantener el equilibrio ecológico con respecto al cuidado y manejo de los recursos naturales, mediante la implementación de medidas que contribuyan al logro de un desarrollo sostenible que permita el balance entre la actividad económica y el desarrollo de la sociedad. En Ecuador existen muy pocos estudios sobre la valoración de los servicios ambientales en Reservas Ecológicas; es por ello que la presente investigación sugiere un valor económico representativo a los principales bienes y servicios ambientales presentes en la Reserva Ecológica “Hola Vida”, a través de métodos que incluyen la valoración contingente, costo de viaje, valoración basada en costes y costo de oportunidad. La propuesta metodológica para la valoración de servicios ambientales, concentra elementos para obtener resultados relevantes, como parte de un mecanismo que permita encontrar el valor de los principales bienes y servicios ambientales evaluados y a su vez, promuevan una concienciación ambiental dentro la sociedad que visita este importante recurso natural.
La enseñanza y aprendizaje del inglés como lengua añadida: estudio de caso de la comunidad inmigrante en Bradford
Authors: Peña Sonia , Ortega José Luis
Published: May 2020

Hasta la fecha, numerosas investigaciones se han llevado a cabo sobre la enseñanza del inglés como lengua añadida (EAL en inglés). Sin embargo, parecen no haber sido suficientes para cubrir las necesidades que este tipo de alumnado y profesorado requiere. Este estudio trata de analizar lo que está sucediendo actualmente en las aulas. Se llevó a cabo en varios colegios de secundaria en Bradford (GB), donde más de la mitad del centro son alumnos EAL, con una participación de 117 sujetos. El principal objetivo es el de analizar qué métodos se utilizan en la enseñanza del inglés como lengua añadida y realizar una propuesta de mejora.
Los barrios de Buenos Aires en Adrián Gorelik y Jorge Luis Borges 1900-1936
Authors: Del Pino Martínez Inés
Published: May 2020

El ensayo trata sobre dos textos que trabajan la historia urbana de Bue­nos Aires: La grilla y el parque escrito por Adrián Gorelik y El Buenos Aires de Borges de Carlos Alberto Zito. El primero analiza la ciudad desde la historia urbana y la cultura y el segundo reflexiona desde su propia experiencia el Buenos Aires que reinventó Borges, la ciudad en la cual na­ció y vivió y a la que siempre se refirió con afecto. El examen de los textos sugiere que el investigador académico, sensible al mensaje del lenguaje literario, puede traducirlo en la clave de la disciplina que trata sobre la historia y el espacio urbano y elaborar un concepto apropiado para la identidad de barrio en el Buenos Aires del primer tercio del siglo XX.
La necesidad de un decrecimiento económico global -¿Hacia dónde vamos?
Authors: Stewart Donald
Published: May 2020

Diversos investigadores indican que hasta el año 2.100, el mundo contará con una sobrepoblación de once mil mi­llones de habitantes, es decir unos cua­tro mil millones más de carga humana, que exigirá un cambio transformativo de culturas y políticas de agricultura, alimen­tación, ambiente, ecología, economía, educación, consumismo y ética, lo cual es necesario para salvar al planeta Tierra y sus poblaciones de un inminente co­lapso. A pesar del incremento gradual de graves catástrofes ecológicas y sociales y sus consecuencias implacables, tales como inundaciones, incendios, erupcio­nes volcánicas, terremotos, tsunamis y se­quías, la humanidad sigue adelante en su sonambulismo, sin estar atenta a los lla­mados de alarma de organismos, grupos, individuos y asociaciones ambientalistas sobre el peligro inminente. De acuerdo con investigaciones, el decrecimiento económico mundial parece ser la mejor alternativa a esta crisis ambiental.
Redes neuronales artificiales para el control de acceso basado en reconocimiento facial
Authors: Ibarra-Estévez José , Paredes Kimberly
Published: May 2020

En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un sistema basado en redes neuronales artificiales para el reconocimiento rápido de rostros y su utilización en el control de acceso. El reconocimiento facial es un tema de gran interés por su impacto y posibles aplicaciones en temas de carácter laboral, control de ingreso a espacios, seguridad ciudadana, activación y funcionamiento de equipos, entre otros. El control de acceso es una de las medidas que puede contribuir a garantizar la seguridad del personal dentro de una organización o en entornos domésticos, por lo cual es importante el uso de herramientas tecnológicas que ayuden al apropiado reconocimiento facial y automatizar los procesos de control de acceso. La inteligencia artificial ha demostrado su utilidad y aplicación en diversas áreas del quehacer cotidiano y particularmente las redes neuronales artificiales por su capacidad de aprendizaje y generalización es una técnica novedosa y con potencialidades para su uso en el reconocimiento facial. En el sistema desarrollado se utilizan las redes neuronales artificiales para el reconocimiento facial de forma rápida a través de la extracción de características tomadas de la imagen del rostro. La implementación del sistema incluye el desarrollo usando herramientas de hardware libre para la automatización del sistema de control de acceso. El sistema desarrollado fue implantado en una empresa en la ciudad de Ibarra, Ecuador, obteniéndose resultados favorables y que permiten el registro y control de acceso a los empleados y visitantes.
Índice de Desarrollo Humano: una mirada desde Ecuador
Authors: Suárez Estefanía
Published: May 2020

El índice de desarrollo humano revolucionó la forma de cuantificar el desarrollo de un país al incluir indicadores adicionales a aquellos relativos a los ingresos. Si bien este índice es útil para comparar el desarrollo de distintos países, puede no ser adecuado para evidenciar el desarrollo en un país en particular dado que omite aspectos relevantes sobre el contexto de cada país. Por ello, es necesario revisarlo y ajustarlo para que logre reflejar de mejor manera el desarrollo de cada país. Se observó que el índice de desarrollo humano calculado a nivel nacional para Ecuador esconde las disparidades existentes entre las provincias del país. Adicionalmente, se encontró que el índice de desarrollo humano de algunas provincias se distorsiona debido a las altas cifras registradas en la dimensión de estándar de vida; en consecuencia, un mejor indicador del desarrollo humano a nivel provincial para Ecuador es el índice de desarrollo humano no extractivista, el cual excluye el componente de actividades extractivistas del valor agregado bruto provincial.
LA ECONOMETRÍA EN EL ECUADOR SUS ANTECEDENTES Y PRIMEROS PASOS
Authors: Dávila Andrade Oswaldo
Published: May 2020

Este artículo repasa, a grandes rasgos, cómo nacieron, maduraron y seconsolidaron algunos conceptos y definiciones teóricas fundamentales quese usan en una disciplina incorporada oficialmente al lenguaje científico, tales como econometría.Cuenta de la experiencia del autor a principios de los 60 en el uso y losavatares de esta herramienta científica, en un país de escaso desarrollo como el Ecuador de entonces. Relata cómo la planificación contribuyó a diseñar y aplicar modelos econométricos, útiles y sin pretensiones, compensando con esfuerzo humano e ingenio la carencia de hardware que sufrían los países periféricos frente a los centros hegemónicos de poder.La vertiginosa transformación tecnológica que ocurrió a fines del siglo XX es ilustrada con ejemplos actuales, los cuales llevan a que el autor termine el ejercicio expresando una mezcla de esperanza y temor hacia ese híper-tecnológico futuro que ya está aquí: la Revolución 5.0.