bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiosensory diagnostics of signal integrity in-circuit and peripheral architecture of microprocessor devices
Authors: Boikov K. A. , Kostin M. S. , Kulikov G. V.
Published: August 2021

For the first time, a passive method for radiosensor diagnostics of the integrity of signals from microprocessor devices was developed and presented. The method is based on the registration of the electrical component of the near field of electromagnetic radiation induced as a result of the clock formation (variability) of the impulse response of a digital circuit caused by the dynamic restructuring of the active configuration of its in-circuit and peripheral architecture. It is shown that real radiation is a superposition of fields of emitters of the active architecture of a microprocessor, each of which has its own impulse and amplitude-frequency characteristics with its own peaks and dips, resonances and excitations. An expression of the free component is presented for the oscillatory nature of the process of energy redistribution between reactive storage devices, which depends on the capacitances of the gate dielectrics of MIS transistors, barrier and diffusion capacities of p-n junctions, inductances and ohmic resistances of circuit elements and the scheme of their architectural connection. An experiment was prepared and carried out on the method of passive radio-wave technical diagnostics of microprocessor devices on a specially developed test sample with a known command execution algorithm. The results of registration of a series of signal radio profiles when starting a sample of a digital device are presented, and a correlation assessment of the reproducibility of the experiment is carried out. It is proved that time interval transitions of free oscillations are formed on the reference signal radio profile. These transitions correspond to the microcontroller’s reference to the periphery according to the algorithm of the command functioning of the sample. The possibility of obtaining detailed information about the nature of the peripheral load and its performance by examining the corresponding sections of the reference signal radio profile is shown. It was found that the spectral-time frames of the software and hardware functioning of the digital device under study are clearly identified on the recorded radio images.
Current capabilities of prototyping technologies for multilayer printed circuit boards on a 3D printer
Authors: Vorunichev D. S. , Vorunicheva K. Yu.
Published: August 2021

A new direction in 3D printing was investigated – prototyping of single-sided, double-sided and multilayer printed circuit boards. The current capabilities and limitations of 3D printed circuit board printing technology were identified. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of two desktop 3D printers presented in the industry for prototyping radio electronics, as well as the first professional machine DragonFly LDM 2020, which is a mini-factory for prototyping multilayer printed circuit boards, was carried out. The first practical experience of working and printing on DragonFly LDM 2020 supplied to the megalaboratory “3D prototyping and control of multilayer printed circuit boards” of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Telecommunication Systems MIREA – Russian Technological University is presented. The first samples of electronic boards printed on a 3D printer by the method of inkjet printing were obtained. An additive technology for the production of multilayer printed circuit boards is considered: printing with two printheads with conductive and dielectric nano-ink with two curing systems: an infrared sintering system for conductive ink and a UV curing system for dielectric ink. The LDM (Dragonfly Lights-out Digital Manufacturing) production method with the necessary maintenance is presented. The method allows the system to work roundthe-clock with minimal human intervention, significantly increasing the productivity of 3D printing and expanding the possibilities of prototyping. The materials used for 3D printing of multilayer printed circuit boards and their characteristics were investigated: dielectric acrylate nano-ink (Dielectric Ink 1092 – Dielectric UV Curable Acrylates Ink), conducting ink with silver nanoparticles (AgCite™ 90072 Silver Nanoparticle Conductive Ink). The research carried out allows us to compare the technological standards of printed electronics with traditional methods of manufacturing multilayer printed circuit boards for a number of parameters.
Two-wavelength WDM multiplexers based on combined fiber structures
Authors: Ivanov D. A. , Nefedov V. I.
Published: August 2021

One of the main directions in the development of optical communication systems is associated with the use of optical fiber (ОF) for data reception and transmission. Therefore, manufacturers began to pay special attention to the creation of new brands of OF, improving their optical and operational characteristics. This makes it possible to improve existing optical fiber components that use OF as an active medium. The most widely used are two-wavelength 1 × 2 WDM multiplexers/demultiplexers designed to separate and combine optical carriers with wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm, corresponding to the second and third transparency windows of quartz OF. It should be noted that multiplexers and demultiplexers are the same optical devices, which are spectrally selective splitters. Such devices are distinguished by a sufficiently high level of optical characteristics at a relatively low cost of products. However, an analysis of the multiplexers produced in recent years shows that the characteristics of these devices do not sufficiently correspond to the set of modern requirements imposed by most system developers, in particular on permissible values of external influencing factors, insertion loss and the value of optical isolation of channels. Therefore, the development and research of WDM multiplexers with improved optical characteristics is relevant. One of the possible ways of optimizing such devices using new types of OF with resistance to bending losses, of which WDM multiplexers could be made. In this paper, we consider the possibilities of realizing fused single-mode multiplexers/demultiplexers based on combined fiber structures. The technology and equipment for the manufacture of these devices are presented. The optical characteristics of experimental samples of WDM multiplexers are investigated. The results of testing for the effect of temperature are given.
Modeling of the electromagnetic field of radiating aperture
Authors: Isakov V. N. , Lankina V. S.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the issues of numerical calculation of the characteristics of the electromagnetic field of radiating apertures. Тhe radiating aperture is a universal electrodynamic model used in the analysis of a special class of antennas, in particular, mirror and horn antennas, in the study of diffraction phenomena, in the planning of radio wave propagation paths, and when solving problems of wireless transmission of electric energy at a distance. The structure of the electromagnetic field of a radiating aperture in the intermediate and far zones is of the greatest interest according to the needs of practice. However, the theoretical solutions of these problems are usually difficult to obtain, except for some special cases related to the far zone. This leads to the development of appropriate computational models. This paper is aimed at generalization and systematization of experience in developing software for the simulation of electromagnetic field characteristics of radiating apertures in the intermediate and far zones. This paper considers an approach to developing a computational model of a radiating aperture that may be used to calculate the characteristics of electromagnetic field in the intermediate and far zones. Examples of results obtained for circular and ring apertures describing the structure of their electromagnetic field are given. Examples of flight diagrams of a circular aperture are given. The effect of “searchlight” localization of the electromagnetic field in the intermediate zone of a circular emitting aperture is demonstrated. The effect of mutual compensation of neighbouring Fresnel zones using the circular emitting aperture model is demonstrated. A program was developed for calculating the characteristics of the electromagnetic field of radiating holes in the intermediate and far zones. The results can also be used as illustration material for teaching the academic disciplines “Electrodynamics and radio wave propagation” and “Microwave devices and antennas”.
ЗМІСТ
Authors: журналу Редакція
Published: August 2021

Зміст
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІГРОВИХ МЕТОДІВ НАВЧАННЯ НА ЗАНЯТТЯХ З ІНОЗЕМНОЇ МОВИ ПІД ЧАС ВИВЧЕННЯ ПРОБЛЕМИ ПРОТИДІЇ ТОРГІВЛІ ЛЮДЬМИ
Authors: БАЛЕНДР Андрій
Published: August 2021

У статті розглянуто особливості застосування ігрових методів навчання під час вивчення тематики протидії торгівлі людьми на заняттях з іноземної мови в закладах освіти Державної прикордонної служби України. З’ясовано, що нині протидія торгівлі людьми може відбуватись як у межах країни, так і за її кордонами, відповідно, прикордонний контроль відіграє важливу роль та уможливлює втручання у процес запобігання торгівлі людьми та боротьби з цим явищем. Країни-члени Європейського Союзу (ЄС) вирішили запровадити відповідні механізми з метою попередньої ідентифікації, надання допомоги й підтримки жертвам торгівлі людьми і тому сьогодні спільна підготовка персоналу різних країн ЄС охоплює різноманітні навчальні курси за цією тематикою. Водночас спільні операції, спільне патрулювання та робота в пунктах пропуску на зовнішніх кордонах ЄС відбувається англійською мовою, що передбачає й організацію спільної професійної підготовки європейських прикордонників цією ж мовою. Важливе місце у підготовці прикордонників до вирішення питань, які виникають під час виконання службових обов’язків у підрозділах охорони кордону займають рольові, моделюючі ігри, навчання на основі сценаріїв, змодельовані ситуації, постановки. Під час планування і проведення співбесіди з жертвами торгівлі людьми ефективним є використання моделі семи кроків, запропонованої в межах спільної підготовки персоналу європейських прикордонних відомств до боротьби з торгівлею людьми під егідою агенції FRONTEX. Ця модель дозволяє прикордонникам послідовно й ефективно проводити співбесіду з жертвами торгівлі людьми. Автором було узагальнено досвід організації спільної підготовки прикордонників в країнах ЄС з питань торгівлі людьми з метою подальшого проведення педагогічно-компаративних досліджень та адаптації набутого досвіду в систему професійної підготовки персоналу Державної прикордонної служби України.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ІНТЕРАКТИВНОГО НАВЧАННЯ ЗА ДИСТАНЦІЙНОЮ ФОРМОЮ ПІД ЧАС ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ПРАКТИЧНИХ ЗАНЯТЬ З МАЙБУТНІМИ ОФІЦЕРАМИ-ПРИКОРДОННИКАМИ З ДИСЦИПЛІН ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО СПРЯМУВАННЯ
Authors: САМОЙЛЕНКО Олександр , ЗАБОЛОТНА Олена
Published: August 2021

У статті здійснено аналіз досвіду організації практичних занять з майбутніми офіцерами-прикордонниками з дисциплін професійного спрямування шляхом застосування технологій інтерактивного навчання за дистанційною формою.Досвід проведення практичних занять з дисциплін кафедри прикордонного контролю з використанням технологій інтерактивного навчання можливо розглядати в різних варіантах: класичне заняття, за дистанційною формою та змішане.Серед основних недоліків дистанційного навчання є його “теоретизація”, тобто зведення навчального процесу до мінімізації виконання практичних тренувань та вправ на користь вирішення теоретичних завдань. З метою вирішення цієї проблеми викладачі намагаються максимально застосовувати інтерактивні методи навчання, де курсанти мають можливість вирішувати ввідні ситуативні завдання, пов’язані з майбутньою професійною діяльністю.В умовах дистанційного навчання слід більш ретельно організовувати самостійну підготовку, під час якої курсанти можуть детально ознайомитись із порядком відпрацювання на занятті практичних завдань, орієнтовний перелік яких вони отримують заздалегідь. Крім того, самостійну підготовку слід використати для поділу курсантів на підгрупи та для розподілення ролей, які вони будуть виконувати в підгрупах.В умовах пандемії під час проведення навчальних занять у режимі онлайн з використанням Google Meet викладачами кафедри прикордонного контролю широко використовуються технічні можливості інтерактивної панелі Newline TruTouch. Навчальна аудиторія облаштовується двома вебкамерами, одна з яких направлена на аудиторію (навчальну групу), а інша – на місце біля дошки або фліп-чарта, де кожна підгрупа по черзі буде доповідати рішення завдання. Відображення інформації на інтерактивній панелі дозволяє побачити її на екранах своїх мобільних пристроїв курсантам, які працюють на занятті дистанційно. Після завершення доповіді відбувається її обговорення. Для обговорення результатів роботи курсантів та колективів на занятті може призначатися група експертів з числа курсантів, яка повинна охарактеризувати правильність дій курсантів та за необхідності їх скорегувати.По завершенні основної частини заняття викладач виставляє кожному курсанту загальну оцінку, при цьому він ураховує: оцінку, отриману за доповідь біля фліп-чарту, активність на занятті, а також оцінку, виставлену експертами.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pati dan Yeast pada Pembuatan Etanol dari Pati Sorgum Melalui Proses Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) dan Separated Hydrolysis Fermentation (SHF)
Authors: Haryani Kristinah , Hargon Hargon , Handayani Noer Abyor , Harles Hendra , Putri Sheila Amanda
Published: August 2021

Bioetanol merupakan anhydrous alkohol yang dapat diproduksi dengan cara fermentasi pati. Sorgum mengandung pati yang cukup tinggi sebesar 74,63g / 100g bahan sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan etanol. Pembuatan etanol berbahan baku pati sorgum ada dua metode yaitu Separated Hydrolysis Fermentation (SHF) dan Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan proses yang tepat untuk memproduksi etanol dari pati sorgum dengan membandingkan metode fermentasi SSF dan SHF. Untuk masing masing proses digunakan variabel konsentrasi pati sebesar 10%, 20% (berat/volume) dan Saccharomyces Cereviciae sebagai yeast saat proses fermentasi sebesar 5%, 7%, 9% dari berat pati. Enzim StargenTM sebesar 1ml/100gram pati sorgum digunakan untuk membantu proses hidrolisis. Dari hasil fermentasi selama 72 jam menunjukkan bahwa sorgum yang difermentasi dengan metode SSF menghasilkan lebih banyak etanol sebesar 111,944 gram/liter dibandingkan metode SHF sebesar 108,645 gram/liter dengan konsentrasi pati sebesar 20% (berat/volume) dan yeast 9% w pati.
Tekstur dan Uji Tarik Ti~4% berat Al yang Dicanai Searah pada Suhu 1100 C
Authors: Supriyanto Adolf Asih , Syafrizal Syafrizal , Tauvana Ade Irvan
Published: August 2021

Saat ini masih jarang ditemukan penelitian menggunakan paduan Al-Ti dengan komposisi berat Al yang sangat kecil. Tidak banyak orang melakukan penelitian tekstur tentang bahan ini. Proses canai dan anil dapat mempengaruhi tekstur dan sifat mekanik bahan. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan proses canai dan anil terhadap bahan Ti-4%beratAl. Tujuan dari penelitan ini adalah untuk mengetahui anisotropi uji tarik bahan tersebut akibat proses canai dan anil. Bahan yang digunakan adalah 3 batang Ti-4%beratAl yang dicanai pada suhu 1100 oC dengan reduksi tebal 96%. Kemudian 1 batang Ti-4%beratAl dianil pada suhu 900 oC selama 3,5 jam dan 2 batang Ti-4%beratAl dianil pada suhu 850 oC masing-masing selama 1 dan 4 jam. Difraksi sinar-x dengan metode refleksi digunakan untuk menentukan tekstur yang dinyatakan dengan gambar kutub (11-20). Uji Tarik dilakukan terhadap bahan yang dianil pada suhu 850 oC selama 1 jam. Hasil menunjukan bahwa Ti-4%beratAl yang dianil pada 850oC selama 1 jam memiliki tekstur dengan bidang kutub (11-20) terpecah di daerah sekitar ±30o dari arah arah normal (AN) ke arah canai (AC). Hasil uji tarik menunjukkan bahwa nilai UTS untuk arah AC, 45 oC dan AL berturut-turut adalah 651MPa, 571MPa dan 632MPa.
The Effect of Type A Personality and Public Accountant Law Perception on Career Interests as Public Accountants
Authors: Damayanti Ni Nyoman Sri Rahayu , Pertama I Gde Agung Wira
Published: August 2021

Individuals with type A personalities are people with high achievement-oriented, competitive, and fast workers. They are considered qualified to be public accountants. However, the perceptions of public accountant laws influence their career interests. The purpose of the research is to investigate the influence of type A personality and perception of public accountant law on career interests of accounting students as public accountants. The data were collected by disseminating questionnaires to respondents of 94 accounting students of the 7th semester and above at the private universities in Denpasar. All instruments are valid and reliable. Data distribution has been freed from classical assumptions. The findings indicate that type A personality and the perception of public accountant laws have positive and significant effects on accounting student career interests as public accountants.
How Job Stress Affect Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance in Four-Star Hotels
Authors: Puspitawati Ni Made Dwi , Atmaja Ni Putu Cempaka Dharmadewi
Published: August 2021

Four-Star Hotels in Bali continue to control the situation of the Covid-19 Pandemic by maintaining employee performance. Social Exchange Theory used to understand a person's behavior at work. A company leader who knows what employees want and can explain what will be obtained if the work results are in accordance with employee expectations will try to show maximum performance. The decline in employee performance indicates an increase in job stress and a decrease in employee job satisfaction. This study aims to determine the effect of job stress experienced by employee on job satisfaction and employee performance at Four-Star Hotels in Bali. The questionnaires were distributed to 130 employees from 10 Four-Star Hotels in Bali, only 117 questionnaires were returned (response rate 90%). The results showed that job stress has a negative effect on employee performance and, job satisfaction, while job satisfaction has no effect on employee performance. The research implies that job condition can cause stress depending on the employee's condition. The salaries they earn do not match the workload they, especially when working from home, and working time of other employees reduce their level of satisfaction at work. However, Covid-19 Pandemic conditions nowadays, employees feel that job satisfaction has no effect on their performance.
Числове та експериментальне дослідження наповнення резервуару компонентом газової суміші
Authors: Шипуль Ольга Володимирівна , Заклінський Сергій Олександрович , Комбаров Володимир Вікторович , Павленко Олексій Анатолійович , Гарін Вадим Олегович
Published: August 2021

The subject of the research is mathematical models of a gas-dynamic non-stationary process of filling a vessel with a component of a gas mixture. The aim of the study is the scientific and experimental substantiation of the choice of a model of filling a vessel with a component of a gas mixture with a given accuracy. The objectives of the study are to conduct full-scale experiments on filling the vessel with gas for further verification of the gas mixture generation control system, as well as in the development of adequate mathematical models of gas-dynamic flow, the analysis of simulation results, and the use of verified results in the system of automated generation of a gas mixture of a given accuracy by assessing the mass of its components depending on the filling parameters. The tasks are solved by studying the results of numerical modeling of the process and full-scale experiments. The following results are obtained. A series of full-scale experiments on filling a vessel with high-frequency monitoring of the pressure and temperature of the gas being filled was carried out. Significant factors were analyzed. The use of SAS SST turbulence models was substantiated. Models of the gas-dynamic unsteady process of filling the vessel with a component of the gas mixture for various values of the mass flow rate had been built. All the simulations were carried out using the ANSYS CFX software package. The influence of considering a heat exchange with the vessel walls on the studied parameters of the mixture is determined, namely: pressure, gas temperature averaged over the volume, gas temperature in a control point, mass of the component of a gas mixture. It was found that the deviation of the calculated data when using a model with an adiabatic condition on the wall compared to a model with a constant temperature regime is: for pressure – no more than 5 %, for averaged temperature – 6 %, for the temperature at the monitor point – 9 %, for mass – 1.5 %. The discrepancy between the simulation results and the full-scale experiment does not exceed 12 % in pressure and temperature at the monitor point, as well as 4 % in the mass of the component. By the experimentally determined accuracy parameter of the gas mixture (the mass of the mixture component in particular), the numerical models had been corrected to provide the mass value error of no more than 0.5 %.
Расчетная оценка влияния неравномерности распыла топлива на поле температур газа на выходе из камеры сгорания ГТД
Authors: Евсеев Сергей Анатольевич
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the results of numerical simulation of a gas flow with the combustion of atomized liquid fuel (the equilibrium combustion model pdf was used along with the model of a partially mixed mixture) in an annular combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine. Numerical modeling was carried out in the ANSYS Fluent computational complex. The purpose of the calculations was to assess the influence of the unevenness of the fuel spray specified in the design documentation and the coking of the parts of the front-line device on the radial and circumferential unevenness of the gas temperature field at the exit from the combustion chamber. The simulation used the previously verified turbulence model k-e with the functional dependence of the turbulent Schmidt number Sc on the gas temperature, which was implemented in the ANSYS Fluent computational complex using the user function (UDF). Since the fuel injector and the swirler represent a rather complex spraying scheme, which does not allow calculating the amount of fuel entering through the holes in the swirler cap, an installation was made and tests were carried out to determine the amount of the fuel-air mixture distributed over the holes in the swirler cap. The experimental values of the distribution of the air-fuel mixture through the holes in the swirler cap were further used to perform numerical simulation of combustion in the combustion chamber. Numerical modeling was carried out with sector non-uniformity equal to 0 %, 50 % (the maximum allowable according to the design documentation), and during coking of the swirler cap holes. As a result of the calculations, it was found that the sector irregularity of 50 % has an insignificant effect concerning the sector irregularity of 0 % on the radial irregularity of the gas temperature field at the exit from the combustion chamber, while the circumferential irregularity at the exit from the combustion chamber increased by 1.6 %. to the sectorial unevenness 0 %. When coking the holes of the swirler cap, the value of the radial diagram at the outlet from the combustion chamber increases by 1.2%, and the value of the circumferential irregularity increases by 4%.
Измерение напряженно-деформированного состояния деталей АГТД методом тензометрии
Authors: Крыгин Сергей Сергеевич , Торба Юрий Иванович
Published: August 2021

The subject of study in the article is various methods of measuring the stress-strain state of AGTE parts by the tensometry method. Differences were revealed when measuring the stress-strain state of rotor and stator parts, in different frequency ranges (study of static, static-dynamic and dynamic deformations). Methods for compensating or reducing the influence of external factors on the measurement results, such as temperature changes and electromagnetic interference, are indicated. The aim is to develop recommendations for research of AGTE parts in a test bench in a gradient of varying temperatures and in a complex electromagnetic environment of the engine. A review of the sources of inaccuracies, errors and interference arising during preparation for testing and directly during the measurement of the SDS of AGTE parts is performed. The effects of wiring, cabling, grounding and shielding can not only increase the level of errors, but can also negate the advantages of an expensive and extremely reliable electronic part of the system. The advantages and disadvantages of the most common schemes for connecting strain gages, as well as their areas of application are presented. Possible ways to compensate for imaginary deformations at temperatures outside the range of thermal compensation of primary converters. A list of common strain gauge systems with their advantages and disadvantages is given for each type of parts and frequency ranges of measurements. When strain measurement rotary parts to output the signal from the strain gauge to recording equipment used various current collector. The possibility of using wireless interfaces for communication between the primary converter and the recording equipment is also indicated. The described methods are: ways to compensate for imaginary deformations caused by changes in the temperature of the investigated part and connecting wires. Elimination or minimization of electromagnetic interference on the measuring channel. An estimate is given of the total error in measuring the deformation for a particular object under study for the final loading cycle, the specificity of the bench strain gauge path, the errors of the current collector in bench conditions, and others in the process of static strain gauging.
Сравнительный анализ критериев и методов определения тренда во временных рядах параметров регистрации технического состояния газотурбинных двигателей
Authors: Миргород Владимир Федорович , Гвоздева Ирина Маратовна
Published: August 2021

The main directions of improving the processes of life cycle management of power and power plants based on gas turbine engines are based on the strategy of operation according to the technical state. The very concept of a technical condition and the need to assess the tendencies of its permissible change determine the use of applied statistics methods to establish such tendencies - trends. Trend analysis has now emerged as an independent direction in applied statistics due to the specifics of the research object and the importance of applied applications. The problematic issue of the implementation of the strategy for the operation of gas turbine engines according to the technical condition is the reasonable choice of such criteria and methods for determining the trend, which are most consistent with the objects of diagnostics. One of the most important tasks of time series analysis is to substantiate the statistical model of data generation. Such a model, or their combination, should adequately reflect the change in the properties of an object during long-term operation, take into account the features of power plants for aviation and ground use, as well as the experience of use according to the operation manual. The next task is to select and analyze the trend and randomness criteria in relation to the time series, consisting of the parameters for registering the technical state of gas turbine engines. The specificity of trend criteria lies in the fact that at a given level of significance, the hypothesis about the randomness of the time series can only be refuted. The study of an alternative encounters significant difficulties, since the presence of a trend turns a time series into a non-stationary random process. At the same time, the practice of application requires a rational combination of errors of the first (false alarm) and second (trend skipping) kind. Operation by technical condition creates the prerequisites for the use of modern trend analysis methods, which allow dividing the time series into components in accordance with the accepted statistical model of data generation. From the group of such methods, it is advisable to single out the methods of orthogonal decomposition (factor analysis, the method of principal components), since they allow making a predictive assessment of the development of a trend. However, the proposed methods are predominantly scalar in nature, while the initial data on the technical condition of gas turbine engines are multidimensional time series of output parameters related to each other. Comparative analysis of the criteria and methods for determining the trend in the time series of registration parameters is of great practical importance, since it allows increasing the reliability of statistical conclusions about the technical condition of gas turbine engines.
Пілотна оцінка ставлення експертів до значущості характерних рис інноваційної привабливості об’єктів інтелектуальної власності
Authors: Яроцький Станіслав Володимирови
Published: August 2021

Modern technology transfer is associated, inter alia, with the selection and implementation into production of the objects of intellectual property. At the same time, proactive assessment of the investors’ or experts’ attitude to the characteristics and indicators of these objects determines the appropriate "order" and promotes more effective interaction between the producers and the users of intellectual property. The experts’ preference patterns as the ordered series of many characteristics of attractiveness for innovation of objects of intellectual property are one of the indicators of human influence on decision-making about the degree of acceptability of a particular object and should be used to implement the method of successive concessions based on the pattern recognition methodology, "glob pattern/masks" of this acceptability. The research involved m = 90 highly qualified specialists who are constantly involved in UkrISTEI to provide various expert examinations. A more up-to-date list of n=18 characteristics of attractiveness for innovation of objects of intellectual property has been formed, which allows to study these objects comprehensively and to the fullest extent. The pairwise comparison and normative method of establishing part of the total value (significance, acceptability) of these characteristics were used by the experts, who took part in the research. They built individual systems of preferences, which were then aggregated into a group preference pattern using a group decision-making strategy such as summarizing and grade averaging. Verification of consistency of the group preference pattern revealed that the obtained empirical value of the Kendall's coefficient of concordance is statistically valid at an unusually high level of significance of  a= 1% as for human factor studies.  However, it does not satisfy the criterion for the minimum acceptable value: Wemp.=0,4772<Wmin=0,7. The ways of further research related to the application of multi-step technology of detection and elimination of marginal thoughts while eliminating the statistical error of the "survivor", as well as improving the group preference pattern where the classical Savage’s criterion in decision-making and the Kemeni median are applied.
Pricing Policy in an Integrated Two-echelon Supply Chain under Permissible Delay of Payment
Authors: Adhikari Subhankar
Published: August 2021

This work examines the effect of pricing strategy in a supply chain consists of two members namely supplier and retailer. The supplier provides a credit period to the retailer. The retailer also provides a trade credit period to the customer within cycle length. A collaborative approach between two members is considered. The ultimate objective is to find maximum profit for the integrated system.
Efecto del movimiento de contenedores sobre la eficiencia de las principales economías operadoras de carga del APEC
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Becerril-Torres Osvaldo Urbano , Munguía-Vázquez Gabriela ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Nava-Rogel Rosa María ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México
Published: August 2021

La Cuenca del Pacífico es una región que se caracteriza por su dinamismo económico. En ella se localizan algunas de las economías más importantes del mundo que integran asociaciones y acuerdos comerciales relevantes, entre ellos el Foro de Cooperación Económica de Asia-Pacífico (APEC, por sus siglas en inglés). Un elemento que distingue al APEC, es que muchas de las economías que lo integran cuentan con fuertes infraestructuras portuarias y un movimiento importante de mercancías mediante contenedores, lo que puede incidir en su eficiencia. Esto les aporta una ventaja en el comercio marítimo. Por ello, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar si el movimiento de contenedores contribuye a mejorar la eficiencia técnica del APEC. Para el análisis se emplea la metodología de Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Entre los resultados destacan que las principales economías operadoras de carga de contenedores, en general, mejoran su eficiencia, aun cuando también se detecta que existe un marginal proceso de divergencia en ésta.
El XIV Plan Quinquenal 2021-2025: reto para el nuevo modelo de desarrollo económico de China
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Liu Xuedong , González García Juan ,   Universidad de Colima
Published: August 2021

A partir de la teoría del desarrollo económico, en este artículo se analiza la propuesta de “circulación dual” del nuevo modelo de desarrollo económico chino, sugerido para la formulación del XIV Plan de Desarrollo Económico y Social 2021-2025. El trabajo se realiza desde una doble perspectiva: una retrospectiva que es una revisión del statu quo de la evolución económica china desde hace 40 años; y una prospectiva, que analiza cómo la guerra comercial con Estados Unidos y la Covid-19 le han reforzado y también motu proprio, ajustar su modelo de desarrollo económico, y, en consecuencia, las proyecciones a futuro. La hipótesis que se plantea es que la nueva estrategia, “circulación dual”, le permitirá alcanzar sus objetivos de desarrollo económico tanto de mediano como de largo plazo. Por ello, el artículo espera contribuir al debate teórico, ante la urgencia de buscar alternativas para que los países subdesarrollados logren su anhelado objetivo de desarrollo económico.
Cambiando prácticas en el campo de la ayuda internacional para el desarrollo: el ascenso de China y su influencia en África
Authors:   ITESO, Olea Contreras Victor Manuel
Published: August 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto del surgimiento de China como donante no tradicional, enfocándonos en el caso particular de África. Debido a las peculiaridades que muestran las prácticas de ayuda chinas, el posicionamiento de Pekín como jugador importante en dicho campo representa un serio desafío al orden establecido, ejemplificado en las normas e ideas establecidas por el Comité de Ayuda para el Desarrollo (CAD) de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE), que ha dominado desde el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Así pues, para poder observar la tensión entre el surgimiento de China como donante y el orden imperante, el trabajo adopta un enfoque centrado en las prácticas sociales, que enfatiza las acciones como potenciadoras del cambio O como mantenedoras del statu quo, argumentando que para el caso chino en África se estarían posicio-nando dentro de la primera categoría.
State of progress of industry 4.0 in the maquiladora: effects on employment in Mexicali, Mexico
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México, Garduño Palomino Karina Yazmín
Published: August 2021

The maquiladora industry in Mexico especially in the north of the country represents an important source of employment and social security, therefore, this article addresses the question of what would happen if new technologies displaced workforce in this economical sector? The objective of this research is to determine the maturity level of Industry 4.0 in the electronic maquiladora of Mexicali, in Baja California and its possible repercussions on the employment for operators and engineers. To understand and know the nature of this phenomenon, a case study was carried out on five of the most important companies in the region, the methodology used was quantitative and qualitative. Three surveys were designed based on the research of the Sectorial Model Reference Industry 4.0 made by the Valencian Institute of Business Competitiveness (IVACE) and the European Regional Development Fund and were applied to engineers in the department of investigation and development, operators, and to a Human Resources worker. In this regard was designed an interview that was applied to a key expert that gave us the point of view about the actual status of the developing of the industry 4.0 in the city of Mexicali. The overall conclusion is that the state of advancement of Industry 4.0 in the electronic maquiladora in Mexicali has an intermediate digital maturity (level 2-3), that is, in many cases the technology is known and used, but only by specific processes. Regarding the digital skills of engineers, it was found that they are highly trained to face the challenges of the new digital era, while the operator positions report a level of digital competence between low and medium, which places this profile of worker in a vulnerable situation for keep their position.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SAMPAH (PLTSa) SEBAGAI SOLUSI PERMASALAHAN SAMPAH PERKOTAAN; STUDI KASUS di KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Nurdiansah Toha , Purnomo Eko Priyo , Kasiwi Aulia
Published: August 2021

Daerah kota-kota besar setiap harinya memproduksi ribuan ton sampah, persoalan sampah di daerah perkotaan kerap kali menjadi masalah di daerah perkotaan. Sehingga perlu adanya system dan cara alternative yang lebih efektif dan efisien dalam mengelola sampah tersebut, sebagai bagian dari Smart environment dalam mendukung keberhasilan smart city. Lalu kemudian terdapat alternative yang dapat mengolah sampah menjadi sumber energi listrik, penulisan ini bertujuan untuk meng analisis evektifitas cara tersebut dalam menangani masalah yang ada. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga sampah (PLTSa) dapan menjadi salah satu alternative cara yang dapat di terapkan dalam upaya pengurangan volume sampah. Namun di butuhkan system dan standarisasi oprasi agar tidak menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan lain sehingga dapat bekerja dengan baik dan efisien.
ANALISA DISPERSI PM2,5 MENGGUNAKAN MODEL GAUSS POINT SOURCE DIKAWASAN INDUSTRI DAN DESAIN VENTURI SCRUBBER BESERTA IPAL UNTUK EFFLUENT VENTURI (Studi Kasus : Industri Peleburan Aluminium PT.X Kecamatan Kesamben, Jombang)
Authors: Maharani Ida Dwi , Razif Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Kegiatan Industri Peleburan Aluminium PT.X mengakibatkan kualitas udara di sekitar industri menurun hal tersebut ditandai oleh beberapa keluhan dari masyarakat, PM2,5 merupakan salah satu partikulat yang ditimbulkan dari proses peleburan aluminium yang mana sangat berpengaruh negatif terhadap kesehatan manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah menganalisis konsentrasi PM2,5 di kawasan penduduk menggunakan model gauss point source serta mendesain alat pengendali pencemar udara venturi scrubber untuk dapur peleburan aluminium beserta instalasi pengolahan air limbah. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi PM2,5 di kawasan industri PT.X titik 1 (50 m dari lokasi industri) yaitu 2,7 x 10-5/m3, titik 2 (100 m dari lokasi industri) yaitu 6,7 x 10-6/m3, titik 3 (200 m dari lokasi industri) yaitu 1,6 x 10-6/m3 dari ketiga titik tersebut masih memenuhi baku mutu udara ambient Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No. 41 Tahun 1999. Hasil perhitungan desain venturi scrubber diperoleh dimensi venturi diameter throat  (lebar) 0,55 m, panjang throat 1,65 m, dan panjang bagian diverging 2,2 m prosentase removal partikulat PM2,5 sebesar 95% dan hasil perhitungan desain IPAL diperoleh untuk bangunan koagulasi dengan dimensi Panjang 0,86 m, lebar 0,86 m dan tinggi 1,2 m, bangunan Flokulasi  diperoleh panjang 2,1 m , lebar 4,2 m dan tinggi 2 m, bangunan Sedimentasi dengan diameter 5,6 m dan tinggi 1,57 m. Rencana Anggara Biaya dari perhitungan desain didapatkan untuk desain Venturi Scrubber dan IPAL yaitu sebesar Rp. 83.647.421.
PENILAIAN DAUR HIDUP PRODUKSI GAS BUMI DAN KONDENSAT DI LAPANGAN SOUTH PROCESSING UNIT (SPU) – SWAMP AREA
Authors: Sumitro Doni Agus , Kusumawanto Arif , Hidayat Muslikhin
Published: August 2021

South Processing Unit (SPU) adalah lapangan gas yang memproduksi kondensat dan gas bumi. Proses produksi kondensat dan gas bumi dapat mengakibatkan dampak terhadap lingkungan. Untuk mengukur dampak lingkungan yang di akibatkan oleh proses produksi kondensat dan gas bumi, dapat digunakan metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Metode ini dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi dan menganalisis dampak suatu produk terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui unit proses produksi yang berdampak besar terhadap global warming, dan human toxicity serta memberikan rekomedasi perbaikan untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungan.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode LCA dan dihitung memakai software Simapro versi Developer 9.0. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa dampak lingkungan terjadi pada proses produksi gas dan kondensat di lapangan South Processing Unit (SPU) terdapat pada unit proses LP Compressors, Turbo Electric Generator, SCP Flare, SMP Flare, dan Sodium Hydroxide Injection.  LP Compressors memberikan dampak terbesar terhadap Global warming dan Human toxicity karena memberikan dampak sebesar 2.855,236 kg CO2 dan 8,8839 kg 1,4-DB eq.  Rekomendasi yang diberikan untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungan adalah penggunaan biomassa sebagai bahan bakar alternative, adsorpsi CO2 dengan adsorban zeolite, dan penanaman tanaman penyerap CO2.

Kata kunci: LCA, South Processing Unit (SPU), SimaPro
FITOREMEDIASI LIMBAH LAUNDRY MENGGUNAKAN TANAMAN MENSIANG (Actinoscirpus grossus) DAN LEMBANG (Thypa Angustifolia L.)
Authors: Puspita Indria Setya , Mirwan Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Limbah laundry  adalah salah satu jenis limbah yang pada umumnya dibuang secara langsung ke lingkungan (badan air) tanpa dilakukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Limbah laundry memiliki kandungan pencemar diantaranya Surfaktan, Fosfat, BOD dan TSS. Fitoremediasi adalah metode yang digunakan dalam mengolah limbah laundry dan diujikan dalam penelitian ini. Tanaman yang digunakan dalam metode ini adalah Mensiang dan Lembang. Selain itu, penelitian ini menggunakan sistem batch dengan volume limbah 10 liter dan variasi kerapatan tanaman 3 dan 5 tanaman per reaktor. Waktu tinggal air limbah pada reaktor adalah 3, 6 dan 9 hari. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini yaitu persen penyisihan Surfaktan dan BOD sebesar 97,26% dan 84,94%  pada reaktor Lembang. Persen penyisihan Fosfat dan TSS sebesar 98,38% dan 93,81% pada reaktor Mensiang. Waktu tinggal optimal adalah 9 hari.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DENGAN KADAR LDL PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE II FKTP DI PRAKTEK MANDIRI DOKTER HAKIKIYAH LAMPUNG TENGAH TAHUN 2019
Authors: Esfandiari Firhat , Anggraeni Selvia , Nur Muhammad , Santoso Fathurrizqi Al-Faiz
Published: August 2021

Obesitas atau berat badan yang berlebih berhubungan dengan risiko kejadian Diabetes Melitus. Salah satu cara sederhana yang umum digunakan untuk menentukan obesitas adalah dengan pengukuran Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Untuk mengetahui hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan kadar LDL pada pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II FKTP di Praktek Mandiri Hakikiyah Lampung Tengah Tahun 2019. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian Analitik Observasional dengan rancangan studi Cross-Sectional. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dengan data rekam medis yang ada di Praktek Mandiri Dokter Hakikiyah. Analisis hubungan dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Responden dengan kadar LDL normal 21 responden 61,8% dan kadar LDL yang berlebih terdapat 13 responden 38,2%. Pada kelompok obesitas yang kadar LDL normal 9 reponden 32,0%, dan pada kelompok obesitas kadar LDL berlebih terdapat 17 responden 68,0%. Terdapat hubungan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan kadar LDL pada penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe II. Orang yang memiliki Indeks Massa Tubuh yang berlebih 3.443 kali lebih berisiko untuk meningkatkan kadar LDL dan mengakibatkan terjadinya faktor risiko Diabetes Melitus dibandingkan dengan orang yang Indeks Massa Tubuhnya yang normal.
HUBUNGAN KADAR LIMFOSIT DAN MONOSIT DENGAN TINGKAT KEPARAHAN PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS EKSTRA PARU
Authors: Nabilah Raihanah
Published: August 2021

Tuberkulosis (TB) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan di dunia yang menempati urutan kedua sebagai penyakit infeksi penyebab kematian terbanyak setelah Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Mycobacterium tuberculosis menyerang organ paru-paru 80%, sedangkan 20% lainnya menyerang organ luar paru seperti selaput otak, tulang, ginjal, rongga perut, kelenjar getah bening ataupun bagian tubuh lainnya termasuk kulit dan pleura. Penyebaran TB ke organ ekstra paru tergantung pada sistem kekebalan tubuh seluler, terutama sel T – helper (respon TH1). Imunitas seluler lebih berperan aktif daripada humoral dikarenakan imunitas seluler sebagai fungsi utama leukosit diaktifkan dan terjadi peningkatan sebagai sistem pertahanan imun tubuh yang berfungsi untuk menahan atau menyingkirkan benda asing yang berpotensi merugikan. Namun, berdasarkan klasifikasi tingkat keparahan pada TB ekstra paru dapat mempengaruhi hubungan kadar limfosit dan monosit bahwa pasien TB berat akan mengalami penurunan jumlah CD 4+dan CD 8+. Hal ini merupakan tanda terjadinya supresi imunitas seluler pada pasien.
PERBANDINGAN KADAR LEUKOSIT DARAH PADA PASIEN APENDISITIS AKUT DAN APENDISITIS PERFORASI DI RSUD MEURAXA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Sophia Aya , Mustaqim Muhammad Hendro , Rizal Fakhrul
Published: August 2021

Apendisitis didefinisikan sebagai peradangan pada apendiks vermiformis (kantong cacing) yang merupakan darurat bedah paling umum pada anak-anak dan dewasa muda dengan nyeri perut. Apendisitis diduga disebabkan oleh obstruksi lumen apendiks oleh faecalith, stasis faecal, hiperplasia limfoid atau caecal neoplasma dan berbagai infeksi oleh patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kadar leukosit darah pada apendisitis akut dan apendisitis perforasi di RSUD Meuraxa Banda Aceh. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian survei studi retrospektif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Pengambilan data dari catatan rekam medis. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan 89 orang yang terdiri dari 56 orang pasien apendisitis akut dan 33 orang pasien apendisitis perforasi. Analisis data menggunakan Uji T-test sampel tidak berpasangan (Independent sample t-test).  Nilai rerata leukosit darah pada pasien apendisitis akut sebesar 10.741,8 sel/mm3 dan apendisitis perforasisebesar 20.023,6 sel/mm3. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan nilai p-value pasien apendisitis akut dan apendesitis perforasi masing-masing adalah P= 0,239 dan P=0,749. Uji Independent sample t test diperoleh statistik uji t sebesar -11,963 dengan P<0,001. Terdapat perbedaan antara kadar leukosit darah pada pasien apendisitis akut dan apendisitis perforasi.