bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Phenomenological Study on the Role of Leisure in Post-traumatic Growth of Firefighters
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Lee Bo-Mi
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to understand the role of leisure in the process of post-traumatic growth in firefighters. In-depth interviewing was employed to explore the characteristics of post-traumatic growth for 10 firefighters who had more than 10 years of work experience and who participated in a leisure activity more than three times a week. The results of thematic analysis revealed that leisure influenced at least four aspects of life experience, directly related to four emergent themes: (1) seeking to restore mind and body, (2) finding importance in everyday life, (3) finding meaning in the job, and (4) continuing personal distress and growth often coexist. Participants sought personally meaningful activities to make sense of their lives and to find meaning in everyday life. This study found a vital role of meaningful engagement in activities for experiencing post-traumatic growth. Implications for further research and practice are discussed.
A Systematic Review of 10 years of Research on the Leisure of Marriage Migrant Women in Korea: Its Progress and Future Directions
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Lee Jin-Hyung
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to synthetically review 10 years of research on the leisure of marriage migrant women in Korea. A close look at the research databases (i.e., DBpia, KISS, E-article) showed that a total of 37 research articles have been published in relation to the topic of leisure among marriage migrant women in Korea since the first publication of its kind in 2008. Results also indicated that there have been four major research sub-topics on the leisure of marriage migrant women in Korea: positive roles of leisure, leisure constraints and negotiations, the relationship between acculturation and leisure participation, and leisure satisfaction and its factors. Seen from the prism of research on race, ethnicity, and leisure in North America, 10 years of research on leisure of marriage migrant women in Korea seems to be relatively limited in terms of its topical scope as well as the conceptual and theoretical approaches. Future research directions and limitations of the study are discussed at the end of this research for a new era of leisure research on marriage migrant women in Korea.
The Evaluation of the Physical Activity Levels in Asthma and COPD Patients
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Filiz , KOCA Tuba , BERBER Nurcan , ŞAHİN Şelale
Published: January 2019

Objective: To evaluated and compare the prevalence of physical activities in asthma and  chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 97 patients (44 with COPD and 53 with asthma). Patient’s socio-demographic characteristics and awareness about asthma or COPD were determined. The COPD and asthma patient’s regular exercise habits and level of participation in physical activities were evaluated using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis of the variables that did not have normal distribution.Results: The mean age of patients with COPD was 65.3±3.4 years, and their mean body mass index value was 25.8±2.5 kg/m². The mean age of asthmatic patients was 50.7±5.1 years, and their mean body mass index value was 29.2±3.4 kg/m². There was a significant difference between the mean body mass index values of adult asthma and COPD patients (p=0.01). The weekly energy expenditure of patients with COPD due to physical activity was 1564.2±615 MET-min, and it was 2130±842 MET-min for individuals with asthma. In this study, no statistically significant difference was found between the physical activity levels of adult asthma and COPD individuals (p=0.09). Conclusion: This study found the physical activity levels of individuals with adult asthma or COPD to be low. Physical inactivity is known to be a modifiable risk factor for asthma and COPD. Specific programs for this population should be developed so that individuals with COPD and asthma can be more active.
SADÎ ŞİRAZÎ’NİN “BOSTAN” VE “GÜLİSTAN” ADLI ESERLERİNİN DİN EĞİTİMİNDEKİ YERİ VE ÖNEMİ
Authors: Aybey Salih
Published: January 2019

Adalet ve hükümdarlık, cömertlik, aşk, tarikat ve
muhabbet, alçakgönüllülük, rıza, kanaat, terbiye, şükür, tövbe ve münacat
bölümlerinden oluşan “Bostan” ile sultanların âdetleri, dervişlerin ahlakı,
kanaatkârların fazileti, sükutun faydaları, aşk ve gençlik, düşkünlük ve
ihtiyarlık, terbiyenin önemi, zenginlik, yoksulluk ve sohbet adabı
bölümlerinden oluşan “Gülistan” sadece doğu edebiyatının değil, tüm dünya
edebiyatının ölmez yapıtları arasında gösterilen iki şaheserdir. Sadî Şirazî
tarafından kaleme alınan her iki eserde evrensel temalara yer verilmiş olup,
insanoğlunu mutluluğa ve huzura kavuşturacak reçeteler sunulmuştur. Bu
çalışmada amaç, içerisinde değer/dini değerler, ahlaki öğütler, hikmetli sözler
barındıran bu iki eserin, eğitici nitelikte din eğitiminde kullanılmasının
nasıl bir fayda sağlayacağı incelenmiştir. Eserler betimsel analiz yöntemiyle
incelenmiş ve eserlerde en çok yer alan beş konu (merhamet, tevazu, kibir,
şükür ve tövbe) örneklerle değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak,  Şirazî’nin bu eserlerinde din eğitimi ve
öğretiminde kullanılabilecek pek çok hikâye, ahlaki öğüt ve hikmetli sözler
bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Study of clinical patterns and frequency of cutaneous manifestations in the elderly
Authors: Paliwal Gaurav , Saxena Kshitij , Koti Venkatarao , Shukla Priyanka , Dutt Shobhit , Usmani Shams Zia , Jain Chandni , Khalid Ayesha
Published: January 2019

Background: Cutaneous manifestations are common in elderly. The elderly population is composed of persons over 60 years of age and very few studies are available on the dermatologic diseases in this group. This study was done to study the clinical pattern and frequency of cutaneous manifestations in the elderly.

Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted on 540 patients, aged 60 years and above, who attended the out-patient department and admitted as inpatients having cutaneous manifestations were included, in the department of dermatology Era’s Lucknow Medical College And Hospital, Lucknow.  A detailed history was taken regarding the onset and duration of cutaneous manifestations. Thorough dermatological examination was carried out on all study patients. Relevant investigations which included haemogram, biochemical tests and a skin biopsy were performed, wherever needed. Skin changes in all the patients were recorded and were classified into physiological and pathological changes. Data were entered in an Excel sheet and were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: Out of 540 patients studied, 55.7% were males and 44.3% were females. Pruritus was the single most common complaint elicited (90.6%). Among the physiological changes, wrinkling was the commonest (80.9%). Among the pathological changes skin tumours, eczemas, infections were the common findings.

Conclusions: The geriatric dermatoses are different in different populations, as there is significant number of geriatric population, the increased emphasis on geriatric medicine is   inevitable.  This    present study helps in providing greater understanding of pattern of geriatric dermatoses that aids in early diagnosis and management.
Recursos y litigios por el magisterio de capilla en la Colegial de San Nicolás de Alicante entre 1806 y 1822: Joseph Alexandre versus Francisco Pérez Guarner
Authors: Flori López Ana María
Published: January 2019

En el año 1806 se convocaron oposiciones al magisterio de capilla de la colegial de San Nicolás. El cabildo municipal ejerció su derecho a elegir candidato por la potestad que tenía conferida y votó en contra de los criterios expresados por los examinadores, lo que dio lugar a un largo proceso de recursos y litigios entre los afectados: Joseph Alexandre y Francisco Pérez Guarner. Esta causa duró dieciséis años, durante los cuales los opositores expresaron su disconformidad por la parcialidad de los examinadores o los capitulares, la retención de las obras por parte de los censores y los criterios poco claros de estos últimos a la hora de juzgar a los candidatos. De igual manera, el cabildo municipal elevó diversos recursos, en los que hizo valer su derecho de elección, pero el Consejo de Regencia decretó en 1811 el nombramiento definitivo a favor de Francisco Pérez.
Corrientes estéticas en torno a la ópera española (1868-1913)
Authors: López Gómez Francisco M.
Published: January 2019

El presente estudio partirá del análisis de las producciones operísticas españolas más relevantes compuestas entre 1868 (fecha en la que se comienzan a concebir las primeras óperas en castellano con el fin de fundar la ópera nacional) y 1913 (fecha del estreno de Tabaré de Bretón, última ópera creada por los compositores de la generación nacida a mediados de siglo, así como de La vida Breve de Falla), para así quedar adscritas a las tres corrientes estilísticas imperantes en España en esta época: la nacional o populista, la europea o cosmopolita y la esencialista. Ello permitirá ofrecer un panorama claro de las obras y tendencias estilísticas existentes en el género operístico español decimonónico, unas creaciones que servirían como antecedente y modelo a una nueva generación de compositores, liderados por Falla bajo una estética esencialista, que lograrán dar una difusión internacional a sus trabajos.
La contribución de Oscar de la Cinna a la introducción del repertorio pianístico europeo en España
Authors: Alemany Victoria
Published: January 2019

El público español, lo mismo que el del resto de Europa y América, prefirió la lírica –ópera, zarzuela, sainete lírico y demás obras teatrales cantadas– durante la mayor parte del siglo XIX. La música instrumental –pianística, camerística y sinfónica–, por tanto, tuvo que abrirse paso en un entorno poco propicio progresiva y lentamente generando un interesante proceso por el cual, tanto los intérpretes instrumentales como la sociedad culta, aprendieron a valorarla y a disfrutar interpretándola y/o escuchándola. Con la gira de conciertos efectuada por Franz Liszt entre 1844 y 1845 por algunas capitales de provincia de la España Peninsular se inició la introducción de repertorio pianístico específico en el país; sin embargo, hasta el momento no se conoce la importante contribución al proceso realizada por Oscar de la Cinna una década más tarde (1855-56). Este estudio se centra, precisamente, en investigar dicha cuestión.
Federico García Lorca y la música
Authors: De la Ossa Martínez Marco Antonio
Published: January 2019

Federico García Lorca (1898-1936) es, sin duda, una de las grandes figuras más destacadas en la historia del arte del siglo XX. Es bien conocida, subrayada, representada y ha sido ampliamente estudiada su faceta de poeta, dramaturgo y ensayista. Pero, quizá, su enorme vinculación con la música y el gran espacio que brindó a este arte siga siendo uno de los perfiles más desconocidos en una personalidad que podemos definir como poliédrica.

En este artículo nos acercaremos brevemente a su formación musical, ya que la música fue la primera vocación de Federico. También nos aproximaremos a la biblioteca musical que poseyó, muy interesante en muchos sentidos, y a las múltiples referencias musicales que plasmó en sus poemas, dramas y escritos. En definitiva, trataremos de conocer al Federico pianista, compositor, investigador y conferenciante, ya que dictó numerosas ponencias con la música como protagonista. Por último, también subrayaremos la amistad que le unió con grandes personalidades de la música de su momento, entre los que destacó Manuel de Falla.
Low Temperature Oxidation of Cyclohexane: Uncertainty of Important Thermo-Chemical Properties
Authors: Abbasi M. , Slavinskaya N. , Riedel U.
Published: January 2019

The study of the standard formation enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity for key species relevant to the low-temperature combustion of cyclohexane has been performed by applying the group additivity method of Benson. The properties of 18 Benson groups (8 of them for the first time), and 10 ring correction factors for cyclic species were estimated through different empirical and semi-empirical methods. The method validation proceeded through comparison of predicted values for certain number of newly estimated groups and available literature data derived from quantum chemistry estimations. Further validations of the estimated properties of groups have been provided by comparing estimated properties of test species with data in literature and kinetic databases. Also the standard deviation between prediction and reported values has been evaluated for each validation case. A similar approach has been applied for validation of the estimated ring correction groups. For selected well-studied cyclic molecules the predicted values and the literature data have been compared with each other, and the standard deviations have been also reported. The evaluated properties of the cyclohexane relevant species were also compared with similar ones available in other kinetic models and in databases. At the end the estimated properties have been presented in a tabulated form of NASA polynomial coefficients with extrapolation up to 3500 K.
Saccharification Kinetics at Optimised Conditions of Tapioca by Glucoamylase Immobilised on Mesostructured Cellular Foam Silica
Authors: Agustian J. , Hermida L.
Published: January 2019

As insoluble substrates such as tapioca can be used to make chemical compounds, saccharification of tapioca by glucoamylase immobilised on mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica using Box-Behnken Design of experiment was conducted to optimize this process so that the experimental results can be used to develop large-scale operations. The experiments gave dextrose equivalent (DE) values of 6.15–69.50% (w/w). Factors of pH and temperature affected the process highly. The suggested quadratic polynomial model is significant and considered acceptable
(R2 = 99.78%). Justification of the model confirms its validity and adequacy where the predicted DE shows a good agreement with the experimental results. The kinetic constants (Vmax, KM) produced by the immobilised enzyme differed highly from the values yielded by free glucoamylase indicating reduction of substrate access to enzyme active sites had occurred.
Production Technologies of Pharmacologically Active Sesquiterpene Lactones
Authors: Kishkentayeva A.S. , Adekenov S.M. , Drašar P.B.
Published: January 2019

Sesquiterpene lactones form a large group belonging to natural terpenoids series, generally found in plants of Asteraceae family and exhibiting anti-tumor, antiviral, immunostimulant, antifungal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, growth stimulating, antifeedant effects. Therefore, search for new compounds with a broad spectrum of pharmacological activity in this series provides the opportunities for effective and conceptually new drug design. The basis of the technology for the isolation of sesquiterpene lactones is the extraction of raw materials with various organic solvents, followed by chromatographic purification. Sesquiterpene lactones have no common properties that can be used in their isolation. Some of them are well soluble in non – polar solvents, others-only in polar, in this regard, the methods of isolation of sesquiterpene lactones are diverse. The greatest number of sesquiterpene lactones is isolated from leaves and flowers, slightly less – from roots and bark. Therefore, the development of methods for their isolation is associated with the selection of solvents and optimization of the extraction mode. Unfortunately, very few medicines based on sesquiterpene lactones are produced by the pharmaceutical companies today. Complexity of introduction of pharmacologically active sesquiterpene lactones technology into pharmaceutical production is in imperfection of their isolation methods from plant raw material, their purification and separation from obtained extracts. Production technologies of the patented medicines "Santonin", "Alanton" on the basis of sesquiterpene lactones are multiphase, labor-intensive, implying the use of many toxic organic solvents which is against the international GMP standards.
On the Regulation of the Joint Use of Growth Stimulants and Pesticides in Forest Growing
Authors: Stetsenko S.K. , Andreeva E.M. , Terekhov G.G. , Hurshkainen T.V. , Kuchin A.V.
Published: January 2019

The results of studying the effect of the growth stimulants Verva and Verva-El on the growth qualities of pine ordinary seedlings grown under the pre-sowing soil preparation using the roundup (glyphosate) herbicide are presented. The necessity of the presented experiments is connected with the establishment of the impact of the joint effect of new growth-promoting drugs and pesticides traditionally used in forestry on woody plants. It was shown that under laboratory conditions, the simultaneous presence of the roundup herbicide in the growth medium (agaragar) and seed treatment with the growth stimulants Verva and Verva-El leads to an inhibition of the growth of two-week-old pine seedlings, due to a decrease in the size of the roots. In the small-plot field experiment, an increase in the stem height was found in the variants using stimulants relative to this indicator in the variant where the pine was grown only with the use of roundup.
Perswazyjność dyskursu poprawności politycznej z uwzględnieniem podłoża filozoficznego
Authors: Garbicz Dorota
Published: January 2019

W części wstępnej artykuł pokrótce zarysowuje problem z jednoznaczną definicją pojęcia „poprawność polityczna”. Wskazany zostaje podział na dwa podstawowe sposoby ujmowania tematu. Następnie zaprezentowane zostaje osadzenie głównego zagadnienia w teorii fundamentów moralnych według Jonathana Haidta. Na dalszym etapie przeanalizowane zostają elementy wspólne idei politycznej poprawności oraz filozofii Jean-Jacquesa Rousseau, szkoły frankfurckiej oraz marksizmu kulturowego.
Venous Thromboembolism Chemoprophylaxis in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Trivedi Nikunj N. , Fitzgerald Steven J. , Schmaier Alvin H. , Wera Glenn D.
Published: January 2019

* Numerous pharmacological methods of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis are currently utilized, each with advantages and limitations.

* Warfarin has long been demonstrated to have efficacy, but has variable patient response and requires outpatient monitoring. Low-molecular-weight heparins also have long been demonstrated to have established efficacy, but require outpatient subcutaneous injections, which raises concern for compliance. Factor-Xa and direct thrombin inhibitors may be taken orally but lack easily obtainable reversal agents.

* Aspirin is an appealing choice because it is inexpensive, is taken orally, requires no laboratory monitoring, and may have similar efficacy; however, it still lacks appropriately powered randomized controlled trials to substantiate its efficacy.

* A surgeon must consider the efficacy, complication profile, and cost in the setting of patient competence and compliance on a case-by-case basis when choosing a prophylactic agent.
Competencia digital y TICs en interpretación: «renovarse o morir»
Authors: Ruiz Mezcua Aurora
Published: January 2019

El mundo de la interpretación progresa con los avances tecnológicos. De todos es sabido que las herramientas para interpretar y para formar a intérpretes han cambiado radicalmente esta disciplina desde la aparición de los equipos que se emplean para posibilitar la comunicación oral: empezando por las cabinas de interpretación simultánea,  los receptores inalámbricos para las visitas guiadas, el teléfono para la tele-interpretación y continuando por  el uso de Internet e incluso las redes sociales.Antes de la creación de los equipos de interpretación, los modos que se empleaban en los diferentes contextos eran la consecutiva, de susurro o bilateral, pero desde el siglo XX se utilizan también la interpretación simultánea y la interpretación remota o a distancia (tanto interpretación telefónica como con videoconferencia), y, en la actualidad, dichos modos están en auge, pues ofrecen numerosas posibilidades para los clientes y una mayor flexibilidad para los contratantes e intérpretes.Con este trabajo pretendemos analizar el impacto que estas tecnologías han causado en la profesión de intérprete, una profesión que ayuda a “coser” la brecha lingüística y que requiere un correcto aprendizaje de las habilidades que comprenden la competencia digital.
La importancia de la competencia digital para la superación de la brecha lingüística en el siglo XXI: Aproximación, factores y estrategias
Authors: Gómez-Parra María Elena , Huertas-Abril Cristina Aránzazu
Published: January 2019

La enseñanza y el aprendizaje de segundas lenguas es una prioridad para la mayor parte de las políticas educativas internacionales. No es posible concebir el siglo XXI desprovisto del acceso a la información que se produce masivamente en inglés en los diversos campos de la ciencia, la cultura y la sociedad. Este trabajo analiza en profundidad el concepto de “brecha lingüística”, así como los factores que la ocasionan y las estrategias para superarla desde la competencia digital. La interrelación de estos tres aspectos nos conducirá a la descripción de un proyecto de investigación titulado “LinguApp: Asegurando el acceso al aprendizaje universal e inclusivo de segundas lenguas” (PRY208/17), financiado por la Fundación Pública Andaluza Centro de Estudios Andaluces. El objetivo principal de dicho proyecto es diseñar una webapp,de acceso libre y gratuito, que dé acceso a recursos formativos específicamente seleccionados por expertos y evaluados ex profesopara el aprendizaje de idiomas (español e inglés), garantizándose su calidad y adecuándose a los objetivos específicos de cada usuario. Las conclusiones de este trabajo nos conducen a corroborar que el aprendizaje autónomo de lenguas solo se entiende hoy día bajo el paraguas de la competencia digital debidamente guiada y acompañada por expertos.
El componente social. Un indicador del trabajo colaborativo online
Authors: Araujo Portugal Juan Carlos
Published: January 2019

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que pretende establecer si el componente social (denominado “dimensión social” en la misma) sirve para determinar si la interacción que se produce en una actividad formativa en red dirigida a docentes de inglés que son tutores de un curso de inglés a distancia puede identificarse como el primer paso hacia un trabajo colaborativo encaminado a la construcción de conocimiento a través de la participación en los distintos foros de discusión que se han habilitado para la actividad formativa. Pese a que el reducido número de respuestas a los mensajes publicados podría hacer pensar que este trabajo colaborativo no se lleva a cabo, un análisis detallado de las intervenciones de los participantes en el curso demuestra que eso no es así, y que por el contrario diversos descriptores de la categoría de “dimensión social” que se emplean para dicho análisis demuestran que sí que se puede percibir y que además este es valorado de forma positiva por los participantes.
Motivators and Incentives of Pediatric Medical Educators in an Academic Hospital Setting in the United States
Authors: Fuller Jackie C. , Ottolini Mary C.
Published: January 2019

Graduate medical education (GME) has undergone a phenomenal transformation aimed at aligning medical education and the learning environment with educational outcomes and quality patient care. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has challenged faculty to adapt novel teaching methodologies. However, there are limited studies about motivational factors that impact pediatric graduate medical educators. This article brings an insight to these motivators from the perspectives of teaching and clinical pediatric educators at an academic teaching hospital.
Key words: Graduate Medical Education • GME • Pediatrics • Medical Educators • Clinical Teachers • Motivators • Incentives • Hospital • Faculty
 
Copyright © 2018 Fuller et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Multi-criteria Prioritization for Sub-watersheds in Medium River Basin using AHP and Influence Approaches
Authors: Gaikwad Ravindra , Bhagat Vijay
Published: January 2019

Watershed is unique bio-physical unit of the Earth surface and source of resources to the human, animal and plants. AHP based multi-criteria analysis is suitable for prioritization of sub-watersheds in medium river basin for planning, management and development. Twenty five criterion i.e. area, morphimery,  geology, slope, soil, rainfall and population density were selected for prioritization of medium watersheds of Upper Mula basin in Maharashtra (India). Correlation analysis is suitable for ranking the criterion selected for prioritization. Texture Ratio (25.94%), drainage texture (12.97%), stream order (8.65%), total stream length (6.49%) and ruggedness number (5.19%) show higher influences on development of watershed structure in the study area. Further, criterion like geology, rainfall, soil and population were show considerable influence in prioritization of sub-watersheds in medium river basin. Influences were estimated based on weights calculated using AHP technique. Values of influences were normalized using distribution of particular criterion within sub-watersheds. Watersheds are classified into high, moderate and low priorities. The methodology formulated in this study can be effective tool for quick prioritization of medium and major watersheds for planning and management for development.
Depression Rises the Risk of Hypertension Incidence: Discussing the Link through the Ca2+/cAMP Signalling
Authors: Bergantin Leandro B.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Depression and hypertension are medical problems both with clearly restricted
pharmacotherapies, along with a high prevalence around the world. In fact, an intensive
discussion in the field is that a dysregulation of the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis (e.g. excess of
intracellular Ca2+) contributes to the pathogenesis of both hypertension and depression. Furthermore,
depression rises the risk of hypertension incidence. Indeed, several data support the concept
that depression is an independent risk issue for hypertension.

Conclusion:

Then, which are the possible cellular mechanisms involved in this link between depression
and hypertension? Considering our previous reports about the Ca2+ and cAMP signalling
pathways (Ca2+/cAMP signalling), in this review I have discussed the virtual involvement of the
Ca2+/cAMP signalling in this link (between depression and hypertension). Then, it is important to
consider depression into account during the process of prevention, and treatment, of hypertension.
El valor teológico de la angustia jesuánica en los relatos sinópticos del Getsemaní.
Authors: Rojas Contreras Franco
Published: January 2019

This study aims to present the theological value of Jesus’ anguish, according to the biblical accounts of Gethsemane prayer. This study begins with a lexical analysis of the vocabulary referring to “Jesuanical angst”, observing five relevant terms in this experience; secondly, an exegetical analysis of the bible texts that, in the general context of Gethsemane episodes, discern the meaning of anguish in front of death is made; and, thirdly, a theological valuation of “Jesuanical angst” from diverse perspectives (Christological, anthropological, and eschatological) are externalized. In this way, on the basis of common anguish constituent of all human beings, assumed by the Son in his human nature as an expression of proexistentiality, both fear of the confrontation of one’s death under the wrath of God and a painful acceptance causing tension due to the meaning of a cruel destiny are revealed.
Evangelii Gaudium, entre desafíos permanentes y novedosos de la evangelización del Pontificado de Francisco, a cinco años de su promulgación.
Authors: Cortés Cortés Javier Enrique
Published: January 2019

This paper reviews Church Evangelization challenges, five years after the promulgation of the Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Gaudium, specifying those that are permanent due to the nature proper of the Church and those that are new, which require a greater discernment process. These challenges also make up Pope Francis’s greatest tasks because Exhortation has become the navigation chart of his Pontificate. To discern these challenges for the Universal Church, this paper collects the Latin American Church reflection developed in the Document of Aparecida and the pending tasks of the Council that strongly articulate the pastoral conversion reflection of a Church expressed in Evangelii Gaudium.
In vivo antioxidant activity of Ethanolic extract from root of Smilax zeylanica on Aluminium Chloride Induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats
Authors: Senthil B. Sabari , Kalaichelvan V.K. , Kottai Muthu A.
Published: January 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the Evaluation of In vivo antioxidant activity of Ethanolic extract of root of Smilax zeylanica(EESZ) on Aluminium Chloride Induced apoptosis suppressing oxidative stress  in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extract from the roots of S. china by hot continuous percolation method. The rats were divided into 5 groups and each group consists of 6 animals. Rats were treated with EESC for 150 and 300 mg/ kg of body weight and piracetam, 0.5 mg/ kg of body weight for 14 successive days after inducing oxidative stress  with aluminium chloride (100 mg/ kg of body weight) for 60 days. The lipid peroxidation level (TBARS) and antioxidant activities like Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and reduced Glutathione (GSH) were estimated in rats. Results: AlCl3 induced rats showed increased the TBARS and decreased the antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and reduced Glutathione (GSH) when compared with the control group. The EESZ at higher dose 300 mg/ kg of body weight animals were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the TBARS and increased the anti oxidant enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and reduced Glutathione (GSH) when compared with the AlCl3 treated group Conclusion: Findings of the present study revealed that Ethanolic extract from roots of Smilax zeylanica  may be used as a significant source of natural antioxidant, which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stresses.                   

Keywords: S. zeylanica, antioxidant, ethanolic extract, TBARS, rats.
Stability indicating analytical method validation for hydralazine hydrochloride related substances method-I by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography in drug substances
Authors: Reddy Swamy K. , Sharma Pushpendra , Singh Asheesh
Published: January 2019

A simple, rapid, precise, accurate and cost effective stability-indicating reversed phase (RP) HPLC related substance method-1 was validated for Hydralazine Hydrochloride (HYD HCl) in Active pharmaceutical ingredient. All the analytical parameters were determined as per ICH Q2B guidelines. Good chromatographic separation was achieved with Inertsil ODS 3V column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm particle size) at a wavelength of 230 nm using phosphate buffer pH 2.5 and acetonitrile as mobile phase A and Methanol as mobile phase B with gradient programming with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/ min. The Resolution between Hydralazine peak and impurity-A should not be less than 3.0. From the statistical treatment of the linearity data of Hydralazine HCl, it is clear that the response of Hydralazine HCl is linear between 50 % to 150 % level. The correlation coefficient is greater than 0.998. The developed method showed good linearity, Accuracy, reproducibility, precision and robustness and can be suitably applied for the routine quality control analysis in the estimation of commercial formulations.

Keywords: Hydralazine hydrochloride, HPLC, Validation, Estimation
Effect of Cynodon dactylon on the haematological parameters and haematocrit of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.)
Authors: Sangeetha S. , Rajendran K.
Published: January 2019

The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of Cynodon dactylon on the haematological parameters of freshwater fish Ctenopharyngodon idella. The study reveals that there was a slight variation noticed in total serum protein, globulin, albumin, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides. There was a significant variation observed in Red blood corpuscles (RBC), White blood corpuscles (WBC), Haemoglobin (Hb), MCH, MCHC, PCV in the blood of grass carp fed with control and Cynodon dactylon mixed diet. The protein content of experimental fishes showed higher value than other components. The result of the study indicates that the fish are rich source of animal protein and moderate amount of cholesterol and triglycerides. Hence, it suggested that the fish consumed medicinal plants are suitable for human consumption.

Keywords: Grass carp, Cynodon dactylon, Haematology, Haematocrit.
Overview on virosomes as a novel carrier for drug delivery
Authors: Shaikh Siraj N , Raza Shahid , Ansari Mohd. Aslam , Khan G.J. , Athar Siddiqi Hifzurrahman MD
Published: January 2019

As from the last eras number of the revolution in the drug delivery technologies have been seen to attain the targeted drug delivery or site specific action of the drug. The prospects of the drug delivery by using biomimetic nanoparticles such as virosomes is an motivating research & development field as showing targeted action by fusion with the targeted action by fusion through target cell. It can be engaged as vehicle & vaccines furthermore victory of virosomal drug delivery depends on the method used to make the encapsulated bioactive materials, characterization & formulation of finished products. They are reconstituted viral envelopes that can be conveyance of different macromolecules as these are biocompatible, biodegradable, nonautoimmunogenic. Virosomes denotes such a unique system for presentation of antigen to immune system. Peptides, nucliecacid & medications such as antitoxins, anticancer agents &steroids can be encapsulated. This review focus on various aspects of Virosomes, such as Structure of Virosomes Component, Advantages, disadvantages, Method of preparation, Characterization, recent Patents and applications of Virosomes etc.

Key words: Neurodegenerative, Nonimmunogenic, Endolysosomal, Cryoprotectants, Applications.
Prescription auditing based on World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators: A case of Dilla University referral hospital
Authors: Bekele Nigatu Addisu , Tadesse Jarsso
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Rational use of drugs requires that patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements for an adequate period of time, at the lowest cost to them and their community. The issues of irrational use of medicines is global and that a global approach coordinated by WHO with more vigorous implementation of leadership and evidence based advocacy of rational use of medicine is essential

Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive and quantitative study was conducted at Dilla University Referral Hospital to determine the current prescribing practices. 1440 prescription were selected using systematic random sampling and reviewed retrospectively for a 2-year period from from September 01/2016 to August 31/ 2018 using prescriptions and Prescription registry.

Results: The average number of drugs prescribed per prescription was 1.813  ranging from 1 and 6. 1437(99.79%), 1287(89.38%), 1392 (96.67%), 1428 (99.17%) and 0(0%) of the analyzed prescriptions had name of the patient, date, medical record number, age and address of the patients respectively. Antibiotic and injection was prescribed in 842(58.47%) and 94(6.53%) of encounters respectively. The Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and from an essential drug list was 85.33% (n=2227) and 97.43% (n=2543), respectively. Of the total 2610 drugs, 2431(93.14%) drugs were actually dispensed.

Conclusion: Polypharmacy, percentage of encounters with with injection and percentage of drugs from essential drug list was within acceptable range. The prescribing practice for antibiotics and generic medicines shows significant deviation from WHO.

Keywords: Prescription auditing, WHO prescribing indicators,  Dilla University Referral Hospital.
EXPLORATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL POTENTIAL OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM (SEHJANA) FRUITS/PODS
Authors: KHAN ZAFAR JAVED , Khan Naeem Ahmad , Naseem Imrana , Nami Shahab A A
Published: January 2019

Background: The physicochemical evaluation is an important parameter in detecting adulteration or improper handling, therefore, physicochemical and phytochemical standardization is considered a prerequisite for the assessment of biological activity and determination of biological standards of the plant material, and it provides the analytical characteristics which may prove to be useful in fixing the physicochemical standard for herbal drugs. So, it becomes imperative to standardize the drugs to ensure their identity, quality and purity to ascertain therapeutic efficacy of herbal drugs. Objective: Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and phytochemical standardization and quality control check of an important drug Sehjana (Moringa oleifera Lam) used for various diseases, Material and Methods: The test drugs, Sehjana (Moringa oleifera Lam.) were collected directly from the herbal garden of department of Ilmul Advia AMU, Aligarh. Which includes parameters recommended by National Unani Pharmacopeia Committee, Qualitative analysis and chromatographic studies (TLC) were performed for proper identification and quality control these parameter include Results: Ash values, Total ash, (6.44%) acid insoluble ash, (3.94%) water soluble ash, (2.53%) Successive extractive values in different solvent; petroleum ether (3.03%), diethyl ether (1.3%), chloroform (1.0%), acetone (1.5%), alcohol (13.1%), aqueous (18.56%), solubility in alcohol (15.2%) and water (22.93%), loss on drying (9.13%), pH at 1% (5.45), & 10% (4.81), bulk density (0.33%) and moisture content (8.6%). Conclusion: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of Sehjana (Moringa oleifera Lam.) showed presence of alkaloid, steroids, phenol, amino acid, and terpenoids, carbohydrate and protein, which may be active compound, responsible for its wide activities.
Perception and utilization of tetanus toxoid immunization among pregnant women attending a tertiary centre in North-West Nigeria
Authors: Awosan KJ , Hassan M
Published: January 2019

Background: Despite the availability of inexpensive and effective tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines, elimination of maternal and neonatal tetanus worldwide has become a herculean task, particularly in low-income countries, due to poor immunization coverage. This study aimed to assess the perception and utilization of tetanus toxoid immunization among pregnant women attending a tertiary centre in North-West Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 254 pregnant women (selected by systematic sampling technique) attending the antenatal clinic of Specialist Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the research variables. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20 statistical computer software package.

Results: Most, 221 (87.0%) of the 254 respondents had heard of tetanus toxoid immunization. Of these, only about half (51.1%) believed that it protects both mother and newborn baby from tetanus. Majority of respondents considered TT immunization to be effective in protecting against tetanus infection (73.3%) and also safe for both mother and baby (79.2%). About two-thirds of respondents (68.8%) had the misconception that a single dose of TT immunization protects from tetanus infection. Less than a quarter of respondents (23.6%) had received two or more doses of the vaccine. The main barriers to utilization of vaccines were lack of awareness of the vaccine (41.8%), not being aware of its benefits (36.7%), and fear of side effects (21.5%)

Conclusion: Despite high levels of perception of the effectiveness and safety of TT immunization, the respondents in this study had low levels of perception and utilization of the protective doses of the vaccine. Government and healthcare workers should scale-up education of the populace on TT immunization schedule and implement community based vaccination of women of child bearing age in North-West Nigeria.

Keywords: Perception, utilization, tetanus toxoid immunization, pregnant women
Formulation and development of fast dissolving oral film of a poorly soluble drug, frusemide with improved drug loading using mixed solvency concept and its evaluation
Authors: Carpenter Garima , Maheshwari R. K.
Published: January 2019

The aim of the present research work is to explore the application of mixed solvency concept to formulate and develop a fast dissolving oral film of furosemide with improved drug loading. In the present study, poorly soluble drug, furosemide was tried to be solubilized by employing the combination of physiologically compatible water-soluble additives (solubilizers) to formulate its fast dissolving formulations. For the development of fast dissolving oral film, firstly, different film forming polymers were tested for their film properties. The second fast dissolving layer was also formed and optimized. Solubility studies were conducted to select water-soluble additives for formulation of fast dissolving drug layer. Keeping the total concentration less than 40 % w/v of mixed blends, different aqueous blends were prepared employing solubilizers from among sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, urea, niacinamide, glycerin, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 600, and PVP K 30. Maximum solubility of furosemide was found in blends- F5 (10% sodium caprylate +2.5%sodium benzoate+ 2.5% niacinamide) and in blend F7 (10% sodium caprylate +2.5%sodium benzoate +2.5% sodium citrate + 2.5% niacinamide). Prepared films were evaluated for drug content, thickness, folding endurance, tensile strength and hydration ratio.

Keywords: Furosemide, fast dissolving oral film, mixed solvency concept.
Current trends in drugs avoided in pregnancy
Authors: Anitha Bathala , Malavika S , Kumar B , Ramesh Yerikala
Published: January 2019

During pregnancy several drugs are having contraindication, hence their use is less and dangerous to mother along with fetus .Drugs play an important role in improving the health and promoting well-being. However to produce desired effect, they have to be safe, efficacious and have to be used rationally. During pregnancy medication is less preferred but in some times cannot be escaped to treat the ailments in mother. Avoiding medications may be desirable, it is often not possible and may be dangerous because some women enter pregnancy medical conditions that require continuous and episodic treatment (e.g. asthma, hypertension, epilepsy). So here we discussed the medication that can be used safely during pregnancy along with unsafe and highly contraindicated for both mother and fetus. Certain drugs given during pregnancy may prove harmful to unborn child is one of the classical problem in the medical treatment. The main purpose of this review is to prepare a list of safe medications which can be taken during pregnancy with unsafe and highly contraindicated drugs. And also a quick reference for health care professionals.

Keyboard: Current, Pregnancy, Drugs, Fetus
Antibiotic evaluation of odontogenic microbiological spectrum of orofacial infection
Authors: Vishnoi Neha , Singh Sapna , Bishnoi Ram Singh , Gupta M K
Published: January 2019

The present study aimed towards the development of active delivery system for management of hypertension. The Orodispersible tablets (ODTs) containing Telmisartan was developed in order to accomplish enhanced solubility leading to better bioavailability profile. Different ratios, of Telmisartan and PEG 6000 i.e. 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 were selected for the formulation of ODT system. A batch process was adopted for the preparation of solid dispersion with each combination of drug and polymer and the finally compressed as tablets by direct compression technique. For the preformulation perspective materials were scrutinized on the basis of solubility profile, drug content, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The drug polymer ratio 1:4 was selected for further compression process. The prepared batches of ODTs were characterized for micromeritic study, thickness, hardness, weight variation, wetting time, disintegration time, drug content and in vitro drug release profile. The evaluation data for all batches was satisfactory out of them formulation TF3 containing 6% kyron T-314 showed the best results with a value of 29.3 sec and 24.1 sec for wetting and disintegration, respectively. This formulation showed superior drug release of 99.93% over a period of 30 minutes.

Keywords: Telmisartan, PEG 6000, Angioten receptor-II antagonist, Solid dispersion, Kyron T-314
Elastic liposomes mediated transdermal delivery of verapamil hydrochloride
Authors: JAIN NEHA , Argal Ameeta , Gautam Girendra
Published: January 2019

The aim of present investigation was to formulate and characterize elastic liposomes as a delivery system for transdermal delivery of Verapamil hydrochloride, a drug having low oral bioavailability (approx 20%), short biological half-life and extensive first pass metabolism.Verapamil hydrochloride loaded elastic vesicles were prepared by a slightly modified extrusion method using soya phosphatidylcholine and span 80(edge activator). Prepared elastic vesicles were characterized for various parameters such as vesicle shape, vesicle size and size distribution, entrapment efficiency, elasticity measurements, stability studies and in vitro skin permeation studies through excised rat skin (Sprague Dawley) using a locally fabricated Franz diffusion cell. The entrapment efficiency of elastic vesicles was found to be 59.3±3.6%. In vitro skin permeation of verapamil hydrochloride through excised rat skin (Sprague Dawley) revealed that elastic vesicles led to an enhanced transdermal flux (50.2±4.52 mg/cm2/h) of verapamil hydrochloride as compared to liposomes (11.6±2.12mg/cm2/h). Decreased lag time (0.9 h) was also observed in case of elastic liposomes. Our results indicate the feasibility of elastic liposomes for transdermal delivery of verapamil hydrochloride for improved skin permeation.

Keywords: Transdermal delivery, Elastic liposomes, Verapamil hydrochloride.