bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction of punches on orthotropic half-space
Authors: Pozharskiy Dmitry A. , Yurushkina Tatiana G.
Published: October 2016

An integral equation of the three-dimensional contact problem for an orthotropic half-space (9 independent elastic parameters in Hooke’s law) is obtained where its kernel does not include integrals, but it depends on the solution of a characteristic binary cubic. The interaction between two identical symmetrically embedded punches is considered for the case of the elliptic paraboloids. Galanov’s method of nonlinear boundary integral equations is used for solving the problem with an unknown contact domain that makes it possible to determine simultaneously the contact domain and the contact pressure. The exact solution to one elliptical punch is used for debugging the computer program. Contact pressures, contact zones and pressing forces are calculated for various orthotropic materials at the specified settlement, base forms of the punches, and relative distances between the punches. The orthotropic body model is applicable for describing lots of materials which are in-demand in the machinery and industry: sulfur, Rochelle salt, wolframite, barite, and various wood species.
Engineering support for specified quality of parts surface layer under dynamic methods processing of surface plastic deformation
Authors: Tamarkin Mikhail A. , Shvedova Аlexandra S. , Grebenkin Roman V. , Novokreshchenov Sergey А.
Published: October 2016

The work objective is the optimization of the part cutting process to ensure the specified surface layer quality when using the dynamic methods of the surface plastic deformation (SPD). The research subject is the process of forming the surface layer parameters that ensure the rational SPD processing modes. The adjusted dependences for determining the hardened layer depth, the degree of hardening and roughness of the surface layer are presented. The analytical prediction technique of the parts surface layer quality parameters is developed on the basis of the abovementioned relations. These relations are experimentally tested and can be used for designing high-performance, cost-effective technological processes based on the application of the dynamic SPD methods. The importance of the process optimization based on the criterion of the workpieces durability is noted. A control-flow chart of the dynamic SPD machining optimization is given.
Technique of applying protective coatings on diesel piston rings
Authors: Zubrilina Еlena M. , Czecha Тatyana A. , Dobychin Mikhail V. , Kravchenko Igor N.
Published: October 2016

The work objective is to search for new non-conventional structural low-activated materials. The dispersion-strengthened microalloyed chrome-based alloys that show high mechanical-and-physical properties under the initial condition are described. The results of the comparative studies of the chromium structural behavior obtained by the galvanic and hot spraying methods applied to the piston rings are quoted. This allows identify and assess the advantages of these coatings depending on the performance. Chromium rings wear - engine operating time experimental dependences are shown. The results of the quick and full-scale testing of various engines to determine the effect of the chromium coating composition on the size and behavior of the friction factor depending on the load are described. The feasibility of applying the diesel piston ring coatings under study is assessed.
Сlustering method for quality verification of experts’ Unified State Examination checking
Authors: Shcherbinin Timofey A. , Grankov Mikhail V.
Published: October 2016

The possibilities of using the fuzzy clustering method in the automated system of evaluation working efficiency of the experts’ validation status on the assessment of the state final certification in the form of the Unified State Exam (USE) are considered. Various parameters of experts’ evaluation and their calculation formula are presented. The parameters are divided into the following groups: basic statistical parameters, advanced statistical parameters, normalized parameters, and quality parameters. The application of the fuzzy clustering method using a weighted Euclidean metric is illustrated by the case of the assessment of the experts’ work in the subject commission on mathematics (profession-oriented level). The experiments are performed with and without noises with the subsequent conclusions of the impact of noises on the results. Besides, the experimental results are presented in tables and graphs with partitioning of experts into clusters.
Application of genetic algorithm for the set-covering problem solution
Authors: Konovalov Igor S. , Fatkhi Vladimir A. , Kobak Valery G.
Published: October 2016

The weighed and unweighted minimal set-cover problem, its applicability for the solution of the major optimization practical tasks, such as arrangement of service points, assignment of crews in transport, as well as the integrated-circuit and conveyer lines designing is considered. The paper objective is to describe methods of improving efficiency of this task solution. The principle of operation of the genetic algorithm and the applicability of its modification as a method of the solution to the set-cover problem are defined. Greedy strategy of Chvatal for the set-cover problem solution is considered. An exhaustive algorithm as an exact algorithm for the solution of small-size tasks is developed. The modified genetic algorithm developed by Nguyen M. H. is described. A software tool for comparing the performance of these algorithms is created. It is concluded that the solution of the set-cover problem by our genetic algorithm modification is more effective than by the genetic algorithm of Nguyen M. H. or the greedy strategy. And the results obtained in small-size tasks are noted for insignificant error.
Solving eigenvalues problems for Helmholtz equation by point-source method
Authors: Shcherbakova Elena E.
Published: October 2016

A method of problem solution of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the Helmholtz equation in the domains with arbitrary configuration is worked out. In developing the approach of the numerical solution of problems, the point-source method (PSM) is used. The proposed method is based on the analysis of the condition number of the PSM system or error of the problem numerical solution. The concept of “eigenvalues criterion” is introduced. The research result is a developed effective method - an algorithm for solving problems of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the Helmholtz equation. It is shown that at the approach of the Helmholtz parameter to the problem eigenvalue, the condition number of the PSM system and the error of the numerical solution rise sharply. Therefore, the dependence of the condition number of the PSM system or the error of the problem numerical solution can be calculated from the Helmholtz parameter. Then, according to the position of the maximum of the obtained dependences, the eigenvalues of the Helmholtz equation in a given domain are found. It allows searching the eigenvalues. After finding the eigenvalues, it is possible to proceed to the determination of the eigenfunctions. At that, if the eigenvalue appears degenerate, that is some eigenfunctions correspond to it, then it is possible to find all the eigenfunctions taking into account the symmetry of the solution domain. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional test problems are solved. Upon the results obtained, the conclusion about the efficiency of the proposed method is made.
Investigation of noise spectra in the frame crane cabins
Authors: Kobzev Kirill O. , Chukarin Alexander N. , Bondarenko Veronika A.
Published: October 2016

Рассмотрены методики виброакустических расчетов для кабин козловых кранов, позволяющих как при проектировании, так и при ремонте и модернизации обеспечить выполнение санитарных норм шума путем рационального выбора диссипативных, звукоизолирующих и звукопоглощающих свойств элементов кабин. Вибрация элементов ограждения кабины и, в первую очередь, элементов остекления возникает при передаче вибраций от несущей конструкций крана. Полученные зависимости позволяют определить спектр вибраций каждого элемента кабины и на этой основе уровни звукового давления. Сравнение реальных уровней звукового давления с предельно-допустимыми значениями определяют на этапе проектирования превышения октавных уровней над санитарными нормами. Эти данные являются основой для принятия инженерных решений по снижению уровней шума до нормативных величин.
Evacuation safety provision on urban passenger ropeways
Authors: Meskhi Besarion C. , Korotkiy Anatoly A. , Panfilov Alexey V.
Published: October 2016

The personnel safeguards issues and the evacuation algorithm on the urban passenger ropeways are considered. The paper objective is to formulate the requirements for personnel to ensure safety during the evacuation of passengers with the use of the redundant systems. The innovative constant redundant system with parallel redundancy is described. The implementation of the required function by the object is provided by the remaining elements switchless in case of any element breakdown in the reserve group. Technical, technological and organizational risks for various cases of critical failures occurrence are considered. In the result, extra operations, professional knowledge and skills are formulated; besides, risks of the personal injury are assessed by expertise. Recommendations on the decision-making to reduce the injury risk for the personnel taking into account the risk parameters are offered.
Methodology and principles of searching solutions to ensure safe operation of welders in confined spaces
Authors: Koronchik Denis A. , Bulygin Yury I. , Rogozin Dmitry V. , Gaydenko Anatoly L. , Legkonogikh Alexander N.
Published: October 2016

The study aims at finding solutions to ensure the safe operation of welders for hard-to-reach objects in the limited enclosed space with a rapid rise in the content of harmful substances and ambient air temperature. The research subject is the systems of lung protection for welders working under the constrained conditions with high gaseousness and lack or insufficient natural circulation of the ambient air. The research method is a numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer of the harmful substances, welding aerosols, and excess heat under the transient conditions in the three-dimensional formulation. The work methodology is the construction of mathematical models of heat and mass transfer of the contaminants on the basis of the classical gas flue models with their adaptation to the specific boundary conditions, the characteristics of different types of welding in hard-to-reach places including deepwater welding, and taking into account various types of heat transfer. A classification of hard-to-reach objects and types of welding is worked out. It is shown that the resulting mathematical models allow specifying in detail the physical fields of dangerous and harmful factors impact on the welders.
Comparative Effectiveness Research Using Observational Data: Active Comparators to
Emulate Target Trials with Inactive Comparators
Authors: Huitfeldt Anders , Hernan Miguel A. , Kalager Mette , Robins James M.
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Because a comparison of non-initiators and initiators of treatment
may be hopelessly confounded, guidelines for the conduct of observational research often
recommend using an “active” comparator group consisting of people who initiate a
treatment other than the medication of interest. In this paper, we discuss the
conditions under which this approach is valid if the goal is to emulate a trial with an
inactive comparator.Identification of Effects: We provide conditions under which a
target trial in a subpopulation can be validly emulated from observational data, using
an active comparator that is known or believed to be inactive for the outcome of
interest. The average treatment effect in the population as a whole is not identified,
but under certain conditions this approach can be used to emulate a trial either in the
subset of individuals who were treated with the treatment of interest, in the subset of
individuals who were treated with the treatment of interest but not with the comparator,
or in the subset of individuals who were treated with both the treatment of interest and
the active comparator.The Plausibility of the Comparability Conditions: We discuss
whether the required conditions can be expected to hold in pharmacoepidemiologic
research, with a particular focus on whether the conditions are plausible in situations
where the standard analysis fails due to unmeasured confounding by access to health care
or health seeking behaviors.Discussion: The conditions discussed in this paper may at
best be approximately true. Investigators using active comparator designs to emulate
trials with inactive comparators should exercise caution.
Citizen journalism 3.0: Participatory journalism at the Twin Cities Daily Planet
Authors: Nemanic Mary Lou
Published: October 2016

Among participatory journalism news sites with patterns of short life spans and few regular readers, the Twin Cities Daily Planet stands out as an exception. In its ninth year in 2014, it had an average monthly readership of more than 150,000 unique viewers and a diverse group of approximately 100 non-professional contributors. Given the evolving nature of participatory journalism, this site is significant not only because of its longevity but also because of other success factors that include community engagement-based fundraising strategies, coverage of areas neglected by the mainstream media and its utilization of technological innovations. In addition, this study argues that unlike many well-known studies of participatory journalism, in the case of this nonprofit site the persistence of professional gatekeeping is not an obstacle to amateur participation but an assurance of journalistic standards. This article also highlights new roles for professionals as educator-mentors, moderators, aggregator-curators, and community conveners.
Analysing analytics: How journalists’ role conceptions influence how they use audience metrics
Authors: Tandoc Jr Edson C. , Jenner Mike
Published: October 2016

Based on a survey of 114 news editors in the United States, this study classifies the use of web analytics in the news construction process into: using it to plan coverage and deployment of resources; and using it to determine placement and packaging of story elements in the website. How much influence web metrics exert on these two stages of the non-linear gatekeeping process depends on work practices and the role conceptions that organizations embrace.
Managing the newsroom: Perceptions of influence and control among Swedish newspaper professionals
Authors: Wiik Jenny , Andersson Ulrika
Published: October 2016

Journalistic organizations are currently undergoing rapid change. One striking feature of this transformation is the increased influence of managerial discourse in the newsroom. Editorial leadership is proving to be more professionalized, standardized and accentuated than before, which could affect journalistic autonomy and status. In this article we investigate the shifting power balance in news production by focusing on the management–staff relationship in Swedish newspapers and discussing the possible consequences of this development for the professional autonomy of journalists. Empirical support is drawn from two national surveys and a small interview study of Swedish newspaper journalists. The results indicate a move towards managerial dominance in the newsroom during the last decade, but also that journalists to some extent seem to approve of this development. Even so, the results may be another indication of a de-professionalization of journalists to the benefit of the managerial group in the news business.
‘Movement/occurs at the split’: Turning to late modernity in Edward Dorn’s ‘North Atlantic Turbine’
Authors: Savage Jordan
Published: October 2016

This article is presented in two parts. The first is an interrogation of the specific spatial practice of ‘A Theory of Truth’, held in conversation with the thesis that Reitha Pattison sets out for Edward Dorn’s early poetry. The specific interrogation of Dorn’s linguistic and spatial practice in ‘A Theory of Truth’ presented here will be braced against certain aspects of Gunslinger (Dorn, 1968). Furthermore, exploring how Dorn’s language manifests a particular political position with regard to the enclosure acts of late capitalism, this article brings to light some tensions in the poetic relationship between Dorn and Charles Olson, and brings forward the strength of William Carlos Williams’ influence on Dorn’s spatializing tactics. The works of Christopher Beach, Michael Davidson and Sherman Paul are essential to this study. In the second, longer part of this argument, the way that Dorn uses language to manifest experience rather than simply to represent space will be set out, allowing a clear analysis of the relationship between spatial process in phenomenal reality and spatial processes in the ‘experienced or imagined’ loci of Dorn’s poem. This part of the article draws in particular on the ideas of Lytle Shaw, Ian Davidson and Justin Katko.
Trauma and creative healing: Reflections on providing music therapy in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Harris Brian T.
Published: October 2016

The Pavarotti Music Centre in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, was created to use music and the arts to address the traumas resulting from the Civil Wars. This article uses a case study to outline how the Centre’s music therapy department addressed intergenerational trauma in children following the wars. In addition, themes from the author’s recent qualitative research serve as a lens to re-examine the therapeutic work in a post-war environment. Resources for therapists, such as supervision, personal therapy and creative arts outlets, are highlighted. Self-examination is considered as it relates to sociocultural elements of a host country.
An analysis of how restrictive language policies are interpreted by Arizona’s Department of Education and three individual school districts’ websites
Authors: Jimenez-Silva Margarita , Bernstein Katie , Baca Evelyn
Published: October 2016

Restrictive language policies for education have been passed in several states in the United States. In 1998, 2000, and 2002, California, Arizona, and Massachusetts passed the most restrictive of these policies, impacting 4.4 million students classified as English language learners (ELLs). This study examines how these policies are currently interpreted and presented to the public on Arizona’s Department of Education website, as well as how they are interpreted and presented on the websites of three of the state’s largest school districts. We seek to understand how three key elements of the laws—one-year programmatic time limits, Structured English Immersion (SEI) programs, and waiver processes—are conveyed by each text. Using tools from critical discourse analysis (Fairclough, 2003, 2013, 2015), we trace the endurance or disappearance of these elements between texts and across time. Textual differences are discussed as reflecting and perpetuating important contextual differences among the districts.
Too much too soon? An analysis of the discourses used by policy advocates in the debate over kindergarten
Authors: Little Michael H. , Cohen-Vogel Lora
Published: October 2016

In recent years, a debate over kindergarten has ensued. We refer to the actors in this debate as developmentalists, on the one hand, and academic advocates, on the other. Developmentalists argue that kindergarten should be centered on child-initiated play and intentional teaching through play, art activities, and hands on activities. Academic advocates argue that young children are capable of learning academic content in kindergarten and that academic instruction is necessary to help some students “catch up” before formal schooling begins. In this paper, we identify the key policy organizations engaged in this debate and analyze the ways they construct their arguments and critique the positions of their opponents. We find that, when discussing their vision for kindergarten, developmentalists and academic advocates share similar goals and views. However, when we analyze the ways the two agendas discuss kindergarten as it is practiced today, clear divisions emerge. Specifically, the agendas use different types of causal narratives to describe the problems with kindergarten and how it got that way. We conclude with a discussion of policy implications and directions for future research.
Political contestation and discourses of meaning: Revising Minnesota’s school integration revenue statute
Authors: Mattheis Allison
Published: October 2016

The integration of students from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds in public schools has been an issue of educational policy concern for several decades. Most school desegregation programs implemented in the United States post-Brown that relied on student busing and race-based school assignment were discontinued by the 1990s. In Minnesota, these were replaced with an approach that encouraged voluntary school integration efforts, supported with funding provided through State Statute 124D.86 to districts with racially identifiable schools or whose schools were racially isolated relative to neighboring communities. A legislatively mandated Integration Revenue Replacement Advisory Task Force was convened from November 2011 to February 2012 to frame the role of the state’s schools in addressing racial inequities and to recommend changes to existing policy. This article applies Fairclough and Fairclough’s (2012) analytic framework of political discourse as argumentation to examine the revision of this statute as a site of ideological contestation. The appointed members of this task force included professional educators, former legislators, faith leaders, and lawyers, and presented distinct epistemological beliefs regarding the purposes and roles of schools and of policy. Two competing claims for action were identified, summarized as “Bipartisan Compromise” and “Conservative Dissent.” This analysis reveals the effect of underlying values on developing particular claims for action made by Task Force members, and connects these values to divergent understandings of the purpose of state educational funding and the outcomes that public schooling should achieve.
Complicating the rhetoric: How racial construction confounds market-based reformers’ civil rights invocations
Authors: Hernandez Laura Elena
Published: October 2016

Reformers today maintain the use of civil rights rhetoric when advocating for policies that address educational inequity. While continuing the legacy of earlier civil rights activists, the leaders invoking this rhetoric and the educational platforms they promote differ greatly from previous decades. Not only does this new crop of reformers differ demographically, they also tend to promote market-oriented initiatives like the expansion of charter schools and other school choice initiatives, which embody market logics alongside a sharp retrenchment from the public sphere. While scholars have revealed how these policies generate questionable outcomes for students and communities of color, few have considered the manner in which marginalized racial groups are characterized and framed amidst these reforms and cries for civil rights. In this empirical paper, I use Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to analyze how race-based constructions complicate the use of civil rights rhetoric in today’s increasingly marketized educational context. Specifically, I investigate how two educational leaders discuss race within comments about education and its connection to civil rights. The findings suggest that the leaders allude to race without explicitly naming it in the context of civil rights discourse. In addition, their civil rights invocations exist alongside subtly constructed, negative racial narratives that they articulate in the context of their statements. Given these findings, this paper ends with a discussion of these seemingly incompatible discourses. In particular, I interrogate how these racial constructions reflect the characteristics of colorblindness and how this, in turn, may undermine policies the aim to address racial inequity.
Copping stress as predictor of life satisfaction among older adults
Yaşlılarda yaşam doyumunun yordayıcısı olarak stresle başa çıkma
Authors: Çalık Var Esra , Varlıklar Demirkazık Çiçek Nilsu , Kolay Çepni Şükran
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of coping with stress on life satisfaction of old people. This study was carried out on old individuals aged between 60 and 95 years old and 68 women and 57 men participated to the study from Ankara and Bursa. Ways of Coping Questionnaire and Life Satisfaction Scale were used as data collection tools. Correlational research design was used and multiple regression analysis was performed.  The analysis results indicated that submissive approach negatively, optimistic and seeking of social support positively predict life satisfaction (R=0,47, R2=0,22 ve p<.00). Old people’s using optimistic and seeking of social support methods while dealing with stress increase their life satisfaction. This study is going to support intervention programs of old people. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, yaşlı bireylerin stresle başa çıkmanın yaşam doyumlarına etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmaya Ankara ve Bursa’da yaşayan 60 ve 95 yaş arası 68 kadın, 57 erkek yaşlı birey katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Stesle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği ve Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Korelasyonel araştırma deseni kullanılan bu araştırmada, çoklu regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Çaresiz yaklaşımın olumsuz, iyimser yaklaşım ve sosyal destek arama yöntemlerinin olumlu yönde yaşam doyumunu yordadığı bulunmuştur (R=0,47, R2=0,22 ve p<.00).  Yaşlıların stresle başederken iyimser ve sosyal destek arama yöntemlerini kullanmaları yaşam doyumlarını arttırmaktadır. Araştırma yaşlılıların yaşam doyumlarının arttırılmasına yönelik müdahele programlarını destekleyecektir.
Avan-zâde Mehmed Süleyman and the first physical anthropology studies in Ottomans
Avan-zâde Mehmed Süleyman ve Osmanlılarda ilk fizik antropoloji çalışmaları
Authors: Dinçarslan İsmail , Güleç Erksin
Published: October 2016

The first known study on the physical growth of children in Ottomans was “Şâkirdlerimizin nemâ-yı bedenîsi” by Nafi Atuf (Kansu) in 1917 which was on the students living in Bursa. As a result of literature review, we reached the book named “Almanlar Gibi Kuvvetli ve Uzun Boylu Nasıl Olmalı?” written by Avan-zâde Mehmed Süleyman in 1335/1916 in Ottoman Turkish and the transliteration of the book was done by us. With the scope of this study, the content of the book and the data on the author were simplified in accordance with today’s Turkish by keeping to the original. In addition, the book was evaluated with regards to physical anthropology, the history of medicine and sociology. In the book which is one of the first pre-republican physical anthropological studies, the author deals with the factors affecting stature, weight, growth and development in order to raise healthier generations. On the other hand, by the subject of the study (to raise healthier generations) the approache of the author related to race and eugenics was evaluated in his period. ÖzetOsmanlılarda çocukların fiziksel büyümesi üzerine literatürde bilinen ilk çalışma Nafi Atuf (Kansu) tarafından 1917 yılında Bursa’da yaşayan öğrenciler üzerine yapılan, Şâkirdlerimizin nemâ-yı bedenîsi adlı çalışmadır. Bununla birlikte tarafımızdan yapılan literatür taramasında, Avan-zâde Mehmed Süleyman’ın 1335/1916 yılında Osmanlıca olarak kaleme aldığı Almanlar Gibi Kuvvetli ve Uzun Boylu Nasıl Olmalı? adlı kitabına ulaşılmış ve eserin transliterasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında eserin içeriği ve yazarı hakkında bilgiler, eserin aslına bağlı kalınarak günümüz Türkçesine uygun biçimde sadeleştirilmiş ve fizik antropoloji, tıp ve toplumbilim tarihi açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Cumhuriyet öncesi ilk fizik antropoloji çalışmalarından biri olma özelliğini taşıyan eserde, yazar genel hatlarıyla, daha sağlıklı nesillerin yetiştirilebilmesi için boy, kilo ve büyüme-gelişmeyi etkileyen faktörleri ele almıştır. Beslenme, geçim tarzı, toplumun fiziki ve kültürel çevreye uyarlanması gibi konuları içeren eser, toplum ve çocuk sağlığı konularına ilişkin bilgilerde içermektedir. Diğer taraftan çalışmanın konusu gereği (daha sağlıklı nesiller yetiştirmek) çalışmacının ırk, ırk ıslahı ve kontrolüne (öjeni) ilişkin yaklaşımı kendi dönemi içerisinde değerlendirilmiştir.
Downregulation of long non-coding RNA MALAT1 induces tumor progression of human breast cancer through regulating CCND1 expression
Authors: Yang Zhang , Lu Wang , Ning Li , Hao Dai , Jian Sun , Hai-Feng Cai
Published: October 2016

Objective

Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is already known to be involved in the development and progression of many types of tumors. In the present study, we set to seek the role of MALAT1and the molecular mechanisms in breast cancer.

Methods

MALAT1 mRNA expression level was measured by real-time PCR in selected tissues and breast cancer cell lines. SiRNAs targeting MALAT1 were employed to knockdown the endogenous MALAT1. Then cell counting method and colony formation method were applied to reveal the proliferation changes after MALAT1 was suppressed. Afterwards, the mRNA and protein expression of growth related gene cyclinD1 (CCND1) were detected by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively.

Results

We found a downregulation of MALAT1 expression in breast cancer cell lines and tissues. Inhibition of its expression led to enhanced cell proliferation and colony formation. Importantly, the mRNA and protein expression of CCND1 was significantly increased in MALAT1-depleted cells.

Conclusion

MALAT1 is a potential tumor suppressive long non-coding RNA that negatively regulates cell proliferation in breast cancer progression, via suppressing CCND1 expression.
Post-translational modifications of EMT transcriptional factors in cancer metastasis
Authors: Chang Rui , Zhang Peng , You Jiacong
Published: October 2016

Metastasis is an important reason for death of cancer patients which characterized as the formation of secondary cancers at distant sites. Epithelial– mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process that appear to facilitate tumor metastasis in various cancers by switching epithelial cells into mesenchymal properties. Although previous investigation suggested a key role of EMT transcriptional factors in suppression of E-cadherin, the association of these factors with other cellular regulators in cancer metastasis need to be fully elucidated. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as acetylation and phosphorylation, have emerged as an important mechanism to modulate biological behavior of substrate proteins. In this review, we summarized protein modification and subsequent function changes of Snail, Twist and ZEB, as well as their influence on tumor progression. Acetylation of EMT transcriptional factors usually cause nuclear localization and/or protein stabilization thus contribute to E-cadherin repression. Besides, Twist and ZEB were phosphorylated by diverse kinases to promote metastasis in many cancers, while Snail was negatively regulated by phosphorylation to degradation. Then, the potential of therapy for metastasis by targeting PTMs-involved regulation of EMT transcriptional factors were discussed.
Caffeine effects on AdoR mRNA expression in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Francikowski Jacek , Baran Bartosz , Płachetka-Bożek Anna , Krzyżowski Michał , Augustyniak Maria
Published: October 2016

In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether exposure to caffeine in the early stages of development affect AdoR mRNA expression levels in the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and how this will relate to the developmental success of flies. Adenosine receptors are seen as the most important biochemical targets of caffeine. Simultaneously adenosine signaling orchestrates the development and growth of insects. We demonstrate that AdoR mRNA expression in D. melanogaster is persistent from early stages till imago. Strong alterations in AdoR expression were observed in larvae that had been treated with caffeine. However, after the imaginal molt, the differences in AdoR expression between the insects from all of the test groups evened out despite a wide range of developmental success in the groups. Taken together, these results suggest that caffeine affects the expression of its cellular targets even from the early stages of fruit fly development and thus there is a significantly lower larvae-to-adult survival rate. Moreover, we also proved that the expression of AdoR undergoes a peculiar reset during the maturation of D. melanogaster despite the conditions in which larvae developed.
Narrow-Band Bandpass Filter for Wireless Communication System
Authors: Kishor Jugul , Kanaujia Binod K. , Dwari Santanu , Ashwani Kumar
Published: October 2016

This paper presents the design of a compact narrow-band bandpass filter using the cylindrical dielectric resonator (CDR) coupled with a microstrip line. The TE
Barriers to adolescent contraception use and adherence
Authors: Clare Camille , Squire Mary-Beatrice , Alvarez Karem , Meisler Julia , Fraser Candice
Published: October 2016

Objective:

The United States has the highest rate of adolescent pregnancy of the industrialized nations. Previously reported patient barriers to the use of contraception included an ambivalence about pregnancy; method side effects; difficulty using methods; lack of satisfaction with methods; concerns about safety; expense; and a lack of knowledge about long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). This survey aims to determine if there are additional barriers to contraception use and adherence among an ethnically diverse urban population.

Methods:

A 16-item survey with good interrater reliability was utilized in a pilot study to assess patient demographics, and contraceptive methods was distributed to female patients aged 13–21 years at Metropolitan Hospital Center from January to October of 2014. Data analysis was performed using the χ2-square analysis, ϕ-coefficient, Contingency Coefficient, Cramer’s V, and Satterthwaite methods of analyses.

Results:

Concerns about contraceptive method side effects, more specifically, weight gain, irregular bleeding and long-term health risks, and worries about parents discovering their contraceptive habits were the major barriers to contraceptive use.

Conclusion:

The identification of these barriers is critical in order to reduce the high rates of pregnancy in adolescents. Educating parents and their teenagers regarding the most effective methods may increase compliance and adherence. This study offers further support for the use of LARC to overcome perceived patient barriers.
Experimental Voltage Stabilization of a Variable Speed Wind Turbine Driving Synchronous Generator using STATCOM based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: El-Zoghby Helmy M. , Bendary Ahmed F.
Published: October 2016

In this paper Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is used for improving the performance of the power grid with wind turbine that drives synchronous generator. The main feature of the STATCOM is that it has the ability to absorb or inject rapidly reactive power to grid. Therefore the voltage regulation of the power grid with STATCOM device is achieved. STATCOM also improves the stability of the power system after occurring severe disturbance such as faults, or suddenly step change in wind speed. The proposed STATCOM controller is a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller tuned by Genetic Algorithm (GA). An experimental model was built in Helwan University to the proposed system. The system is tested at different operating conditions. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed STATCOM controller in damping the power system oscillations and restoring the power system voltage and stability.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyurethane Foams from Liquefied Sugar Beet Pulp
Authors: Zheng Zhao-qi , Wang Li-jun , Li Dong , Huang Zhi-gang , Adhikari Benu , Chen Xiao Dong
Published: October 2016

Polyurethane (PU) foams were prepared from microwave liquefied sugar beet pulp (LSBP) and polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate (PAPI) by using a one-step method. The [NCO]/[OH] ratio was increased from 0.6 to 1.2, and the effect of this ratio on the mechanical, thermal and microstructural properties of the LSBP–PU foams was studied. The allophanate, isocyanurate and free isocyanate were detected in all the foams. The thermal degradation of these foams in air occurred in two main stages; the first one occurred at 200–350 °C and the second one occurred at 300–400 °C. The Tg
of the foams increased when the [NCO]/[OH] ratio increased up to 0.9 above which it decreased. As the [NCO]/[OH] ratio increased, the less regular structure and broken cell shape (observed through SEM) indicated that severe damage in structural stability and mechanical properties of LSBP–PU foams occurred. The cellular structure of the foams could be controlled by controlling the gelling and blowing reactions through the control of NCO]/[OH] ratio.
Toponymie und Topographie im französischen und deutschen Artusroman
Authors: Knapp Fritz Peter
Published: October 2016

Die Ortsnamen der Artussage sind ganz überwiegend keltischen Ursprungs. Das Keltische gilt im 12./13. Jh. als Randsprachengruppe mit exotischem Reiz, aber ohne kulturelles Prestige. Chrétien de Troyes bezog keltische Texte vermutlich vorwiegend aus mündlichen französischen Vorträgen bretonischer Jongleurs; die deutschen Autoren entnahmen keltische Namen aus schriftlichen französischen Texten. Die Fremdheit steigerte sich dadurch. Zur interlingualen Adaptation traten Schreibfehler oder Sprachspiele mit exotischem Material hinzu. – Der Höfische Roman enthält viel weniger Ortsnamen als die Chanson de geste, benützt sie aber auf ganz unterschiedliche Weise. Meist wird durch die Ortsnamen eine reale Topographie imaginiert, so von Gautier d’Arras und auch von Chrétien de Troyes im Cligès. Im Karrenritter und im Löwenritter wird hingegen die Realität verschleiert oder ausgeblendet. Die meisten Ortsnamen sind dem Publikum fremd oder werden geographisch irreführend eingesetzt. Wir befinden uns in einer Märchenwelt. Chrétiens Nachfolger haben dies höchstens ansatzweise verstanden, meist aber ins Gegenteil verkehrt, am konsequentesten Wolfram von Eschenbach, der eine pseudoreale Welt nach dem Prinzip der Wahrscheinlichkeit entstehen läßt, obwohl er Artus‘ Reich nicht in der ihm bekannten Welt festmachen kann.
Positive Emotions in the Arthurian
Lais
of Marie de France
Authors: Rider Jeff
Published: October 2016

Marie de France says little about characters’ emotions in many of the most emotionally charged moments of the lais, encouraging audiences to draw on their experience to provide the emotional coloring of fraught moments. This reticence is part of what has made the lais successful beyond the twelfth-century francophone world.
‘Tristan, or
Optimism
’: the Bright Side of Béroul
Authors: Grigoriu Brînduşa
Published: October 2016

This essay seeks to cast new light on Béroul’s Tristan by examining the role of positive emotions in the characters’ experience. Thanks to the lovers’ management of fear in life-threatening situations and to their constant creation of the best possible world, the romance supports readings that stress a relative optimism.
‘Wyȝe, welcum iwys to þis place!’: Emotions in the Schemas for Arrival, Return and Welcome at the Arthurian Court
Authors: Larrington Carolyne
Published: October 2016

This essay explores the schemas for ‘welcome’ and for ‘welcome back’ in Arthurian romances. These incursions or reassimilations to the ingroup are critical for exploration of how the honour community is constituted. Joy, surprise and fear as identified as key ‘welcome’ emotions, while ambiguity and regret often shadow the return.
blide ende drove
: Mixed Emotions in Middle Dutch Arthurian Romance
Authors: Brandsma Frank
Published: October 2016

Mixed emotions are presented mostly in situations concerning the presence/absence of comrades/loved ones. The narrator explains to the audience why a character feels both happy (blide) and sad (drove). The explanations may have been necessary, yet seem to impede the emotional resonance occurring when more simple emotions are in play.
Behind the Scenes of Vinaver’s
Works of Sir Thomas Malory
Authors: Takamiya Toshiyuki
Published: October 2016

The publication of Eugène Vinaver’s 1947 edition of The Works of Sir Thomas Malory marked a paradigm change in Malory Studies. The pre-publication history of this seminal edition has merited much recent academic debate. This paper introduces a new and previously unexplored archive that sheds fresh light on the tumultuous publication of the Works – the Vinaver File. Comprising 108 letters, primarily between Vinaver and Kenneth Sisam, his editor on the Works, the File represents a rich new source of primary information on Vinaver and his circle. The letters offer first insights into the lengthy debate that underpinned Vinaver’s choice of title for the Clarendon edition. This paper demonstrates that as early as 1938 Vinaver was arguing for the title The Works, rather than the traditional Morte Darthur, and consequently that his decision to treat the text as a series of narratives rather than as a ‘whole book’ had already been made nine years prior to its publication. The choice of this revolutionary title, and the implicit argument that underpinned it, instantly stimulated controversies on unity in Malory which still resonate today.

The Vinaver File also sheds light on the mechanics of the editing and publication process, and on the often-uneasy relationships between Vinaver and his editor and peers. Through its explication of the lengthy and frequently ill-tempered correspondence debating the appropriate acknowledgement of the contribution made by Sir Edmund Chambers to Vinaver’s work, this paper offers a fresh perspective both on Vinaver and on the wider academic environment in which he worked.

The article concludes with some suggestions about the future direction of Vinaver studies, utilising the resources to be found in the Vinaver File, the Oxford University Press Archive, and elsewhere, before offering the first listing of the hitherto understudied correspondence.
Crystal structure of 3-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-3,3-diphenylpropyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, C24H25ClN2O2
Authors: Alshammari Mohammed B. , Smith Keith , Hegazy Amany S. , Kariuki Benson M. , El-Hiti Gamal A.
Published: October 2016

C24H25ClN2O2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 5.9066(2) Å, b = 15.7928(3) Å, c = 21.7829(6) Å, V = 2031.95(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0319, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0838, T = 150(2) K.
How do Civic Associations Foster Political Participation? The Role of Scope and Intensity of Organizational Involvement
Authors: Li Hui , Zhang Jiasheng
Published: October 2016

This paper investigates factors associated with individuals’ decisions in engaging in various modes of political participation, including voting, formal and informal political activities. Two aspects of civic association involvement are highlighted: scope and intensity. Using data from the U.S. Citizenship, Involvement, and Democracy Survey in 2006, we find that one’s memberships in civic associations only explain one’s participation in formal political activities, but the intensity of involvement, measured by the number of activities one performs at one’s most active voluntary association, is positively associated with both formal and informal participation modes. Neither the scope nor the intensity explains voting behavior. The study suggests ways to promote the development of civic associations and enhance democracy.
Radio-iodide uptake by modified poly (glycidyl methacrylate) as anion exchange resin
Authors: Othman Sameh H. , Elbarbary Ahmed M. , Rashad Ghada , Fasih T. W.
Published: October 2016

Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) microspheres were prepared by radiation induced polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomer. The factors affecting the degree of polymerization and yield (%) of PGMA such as type of solvent, monomer concentration, and irradiation dose were investigated. It was found that the PGMA yield (%) increases with increasing monomer concentration up to 50% and absorbed dose of 5 kGy. The resulting PGMA containing the epoxy group waschemically modified by hydroxyl amine to act as anion-exchange resin for uptake of 131I− ions. The modified PGMA (MPGMA) was characterized by Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectrophotometer, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). I-131 is produced from the fission of U-235 with low-enrichment uranium (LEU) targets in the Egyptian Second Research Reactor (ETRR-2). Separation of iodide from the radioactive solution by batchwise and column techniques was employed to determine the adsorption capacity of the MPGMA. Quality control of 131I product solution and radiochemical purity was examined by using the ascending paper chromatography method. The uptake behavior of MPGMA towards 131I− ions were studied at different experimental conditions and achieved by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The synthesized MPGMA showed good results as anion-exchange and an effective adsorbent for uptaking 131I− ions.
Soot Formation and Its Effect in an Aero Gas Turbine Combustor
Authors: Mishra R. K. , Chandel Sunil
Published: October 2016

Soot formation and the effect of soot deposit on the performance and integrity on an aero gas turbine combustor has been studied. Defective atomizer or blockage of air passages creates a fuel rich mixture which promotes soot formation in combustor primary zone. The temperature field and soot concentration inside the liner has been analyzed at high equivalence ratio using computational model in CFX. The peak temperature in primary zone increases till equivalence ratio reaches ϕ=1.1. But at high equivalence ratio, i. e., ϕ≥1.2, the peak temperature in primary zone decreases and that in dilution zone increases. Soot concentration increases at liner front end as well as in dilution zone when equivalence ratio increases from 1.25 to 3.0. Erosion and distortion of atomizer flow passages cause higher spray cone angle which again increases the soot concentration. Soot deposit inside liner has detrimental effect on the life and performance of the combustor as well as of the aero engine.
Improving Charge Transport in PbS Quantum Dot to Al:ZnO Layer by Changing the Size of Quantum Dots in Hybrid Solar Cells
Authors: Mehrabian Masood , Abdollahian Parinaz
Published: October 2016

PbS Quantum dots and P3HT are promising materials for photovoltaic applications due to their absorption in the NIR and visible region, respectively. Our previous experimental work showed that doping Al to ZnO lattice (Al:ZnO) could efficiently improve the cell performance. In this article, hybrid solar cells containing of two active areas with ITO/Al:ZnO/PbS QDs/P3HT&PCBM/Ag structure were fabricated and the effect of PbS QD size on photovoltaic properties was investigated. Optimised solar cell showed maximum power conversion efficiency of 2.45 % with short-circuit current of 9.36 mA/cm2 and open-circuit voltage of 0.59 V under 1 sun illumination (AM1.5).