bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching Idioms in German as a Foreign Language Lesson
Authors: Križaj Lucija
Published: February 2015

I strongly believe that idioms which appear in everyday phrases should not be neglected when it comes to teaching a foreign language in schools. This article is a summary of my college diploma (with the same title: Teaching Idioms in German as a foreign language lesson). The aim of my thesis was to draw up five different learning examples for comprehending idioms while teaching German as a foreign language.There are crucial differences in the process idioms are taught, far more complex than teaching material in the textbook; different preparation, knowledge, and skills are needed. Lesson plans are based on a textbook for High School education Studio d for the B1 level. Each individual lesson contains at least five (5) phrases that are directly or indirectly related to the theme in the textbook. The basis of every lesson plan consists from so-called „phraseodidactic four-step”: (1) searching for phrases in given text, (2) an understanding of phrases through text, images, or predictive associations, (3) consolidation through a variety of tasks, and (4) the use of idioms.In my opinion that is how, with sufficient knowledge and use of idioms, students also get to know and learn about the culture of the target language - which by itself culturally connects them closer to the language.Key words: phrase, phraseodidactic, phraseodidactic step, teaching, lesson plan.
Difficulties of Pronunciation of Slovenian Speakers in Learning Italian Language
Authors: Brecelj Kaja Katarina
Published: February 2015

Phonetics plays an important role in the field of language teaching since it not only facilitates the development of an accurate and conscious pronunciation but is also helpful to the teacher as it prevents the pronunciation difficulties students might encounter. The aim of this article is to find an answer to the question why Slovenian speakers learning Italian experience particular phonetic and phonological difficulties. The theoretical part presents the orthoepic situation of Slovenian and Italian, a brief phonetic and phonological analysis of the two languages with the description of speech sounds and their production, the position and function of accent, as well as some phonetic and phonological phenomena of Italian and Slovenian languages. The practical part consists of an analysis of audio recordings of three Slovenian speakers with the aim of identifying possible major difficulties.Key words: phonetics, phonology, pronunciation, Italian, Slovenian
The Receptive and Productive Knowledge of a Foreign and Second Language​​ - Analysis of the 2013 Italian Language Competition Tasks
Authors: Stanič Daša
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this paper is to analize the subsets and the tasks of the competition in Italian as a foreign and second language in 2013. We were particularly interested in the share of the subsets and in the balance of receptive and productive tasks in the exams as well as in each particular subset. With the analysis of the subsets, it was found that in some of the four exams the subsets were unevenly represented. With a more detailed analysis of the tasks regarding the balance of receptive and productive tasks it was discovered that at levels A1 and A2 the exams were appropriately balanced, whereas at levels B1 and B2 the balance was not so good. While there were as many as two-thirds of the tasks in the exam for the level B1, which is intended for students that do not come from a bilingual area, productive, there were such only half of the tasks in the exam for the level B2, intended for students living in the bilingual area. In addition, the subset „communication“ consisted of  almost exclusively receptive tasks.In the future, the shares of the sections and the balance of receptive and productive tasks will need some further consideration regarding two criteria: the students competing in the competition  are the best students in Italian so the share of productive tasks should not fall below 50%  and in addition, the difference between students coming from bilingual area and the others should be taken into account. Key words: Italian, foreign / second language, testing, receptive tasks, productive tasks.
Mojca Jarc: Le français pour les sciences sociales
Authors: Žugelj Nataša
Published: February 2015

Jarc, Mojca (2013): LE FRANÇAIS POUR LES SCIENCES SOCIALES I. Fakulteta za družbene vede Univerze v Ljubljani. ISBN: 978-961-235-644-6. Mehka vezava, 197 strani, 13 EUR.
Mojca Schlamberger Brezar, Gregor Perko, Adriana Mezeg: La syntaxe du fran­çais – approche contrastive
Authors: Lah Meta
Published: February 2015

Mojca Schlamberger Brezar, Gregor Perko, Adriana Mezeg (2013): La syntaxe du fran­çais – approche contrastive. Ljubljana: Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete. ISBN 978-961-237-598-0, mehka vezava, 247 strani, 22,90 €
Images of the Other in the German Travel Accounts of the 16th and 17th Century
Authors: Bole Andreja
Published: February 2015

This paper points out the image of the Russian in the selected German travel accounts of the 16th and 17th century, through the eyes of the West European well-educated legate seen as a savage, boorish Barbarian. The image of the Russian illustrates the importance of the relationship between the one’s own, civilized (here German) and the other, often barbaric (here Russian) cultural reality.Key words: Images of the Other / Travel Account / Herberstein, Olearius / Russia of the 16th and 17th Century.
Odnos učiteljev francoščine do poučevanja slovnice
Authors: Cajhen Simona
Published: February 2015

Namen prispevka je predstaviti pomen in vlogo, ki ju učitelji francoščine na slovenskih srednjih šolah in gimnazijah pripisujejo slovnici pri svojem poučevanju. Najprej je opredeljen pojem slovnice in njena vloga skozi zgodovino ter v obeh učnih načrtih za poučevanje francoščine na gimnazijah. Spreminjanje vloge slovnice je predstavljeno skozi perspektivo eksternih preverjanj znanja. V osrednjem delu prispevka je predstavitev raziskave in rezultatov empiričnega dela raziskovalne naloge, v katerem smo se zaradi obsežnosti omejili zgolj na predstavitev rezultatov anketnih vprašalnikov, ki so relevantni za naše raziskovalno vprašanje. Na osnovi rezultatov lahko sklepamo, da se učiteljem francoščine slovnica zdi pomembna, vendar v svoj pouk vključujejo različne pristope za razvijanje vseh sporazumevalnih spretnosti. Menijo, da je razvijanje jezikovne zmožnosti le en element tujejezikovnega pouka, zato se pri poučevanju le redko omejijo izključno na jezikovno zmožnost in pravilnost.
Teorija komunikacijskega tujejezičnega izobraževanja
Authors: Frank Meta
Published: February 2015

V prispevku so predstavljena teoretična izhodišča teorije komunikacijskega tujejezičnega izobraževanja ruskega pedagoga in didaktika E. I. Passova, predstavljena v monografiji Urok inostrannogo jazyka. Članek opisuje vidike tujejezičnega izobraževanja (spoznavni, razvojni, vzgojni in učni), metodično vsebino učne ure tujega jezika ter prvine t. i. logike pouka tujega jezika, ki naj jih upošteva učitelj za učinkovito spodbujanje govorne zmožnosti pri učencih.
German Lessons in High Schools through the Prism of Methods and Approaches to Teaching
Authors: Retelj Andreja
Published: February 2015

The current curriculum for German language from 2008 defines the communicative approach as the main approach for teaching German. As this approach does not have precise methods, we do not know exactly how teachers implement it in practice. In this paper we present the results of empirical research conducted among teachers of German language in Slovenian high schools. The aim of the research is to discover which methods and approaches are characteristic for teaching German language, how familiar German teachers are with different methods and approaches and to what extent they are implemented in teaching. The analysis of the data shows that various methods are used for teaching German and that German teachers occasionally or often implement different methods and approaches to reach the goals. Older and alternative methods are used; however, teachers tend to choose them because they are suggested in their current course books. The communication approach to teaching German in Slovenia is in fact like a colourful bouquet of various flowers, although they do not always complement each other.
Razvoj osnovne pismenosti enojezičnih in večjezičnih otrok
Authors: Mertelj Darja
Published: February 2015

Zorman, Anja (2013): Razvoj osnovne pismenosti enojezičnih in večjezičnih otrok. Koper: Univerza na Primorskem, Znanstveno-raziskovalno središče, Univerzitetna založba Annales. ISBN 978-961-6862-48-6, mehka vezava, 167 strani, 15,00 EUR
Les moyens stratégiques pour prendre la parole en français et en slovène
Authors: Zwitter Vitez Ana
Published: February 2015

Le défi principal de la contribution est d’identifier les moyens stratégiques les plus efficaces lorsque deux locuteurs veulent prendre la parole au même moment. Nous avons examiné les études antérieures sur le français et analysé aux niveaux prosodique, morphosyntaxique et discursif trois conversations orales spontanées en slovène. Les résultats montrent que les locuteurs qui ont gardé leur droit à la parole produisent de nombreuses pauses, répétitions et autocorrections ainsi que des préambules plus longs que les locuteurs qui ont cédé leur droit à la parole.
Un essai sur la personne en diachronie : comment la perte de la flexion verbale change le point de vue sur la personne
Authors: Frleta Tomislav
Published: February 2015

Dans le présent article, l’auteur essaie de montrer, dans une perspective diachronique, comment la disparition de la flexion verbale a influé sur l’emploi (excessif) des possessifs en français moderne. En partant du latin où l’emploi du possessif avec les notions relevant de la sphère personnelle était plutôt rare, voire exceptionnel, il suit, à travers l’évolution de la langue française, l’apparition du possessif dans les syntagmes relatifs aux parties du corps, aux vêtements et à la famille. Il montre qu’à un moment donné de l’histoire du français, l’emploi du possessif dans ces syntagmes coexistait avec l’emploi de l’article défini. L’auteur explique que cela a résulté de la perte (partielle) de la personne du système verbal.
Več kot predgovor: »urednik« romana Pepita Jiménez
Authors: Fock Ignac
Published: February 2015

Pričujoči članek analizira pripovedno strukturo romana Pepita Jiménez, prvega in najboljšega dela španskega pisatelja Juana Valere, ter posebnosti njegovega domnevnega (fiktivnega) urednika. Leta 1872 objavljeni pisemski roman kaže številne poteze zlasti francoskih in britanskih predhodnikov iz 18. stoletja. Čeprav je njegov začetek dokaj arhetipski, pa to delo, ki je kljub zapleteni zgradbi in petim pripovedovalcem presenetljivo neobsežno, razkriva edinstveno figuro ekstradiegetičnega pripovedovalca-fiktivnega urednika, ki ni le napisal (literarnega) predgovora, temveč je tudi večkrat posegel v pripoved. Vrh vsega so njegovi komentarji pogosto v protislovju z njegovim lastnim predgovorom, katerega glavni namen je (bil) zajamčiti avtentičnost pisem in verodostojnost pripovedi. Avtor skozi aplikacijo Genettove teorije o pripovedovalcu (Figures III, 1972) ter paratekstu (Seuils, 1987) dokaže, da v tem primeru bistvo urednikove prefacialne in ekstradiegetične vloge v prvi vrsti ni avtentifikacija, pač pa usmerjanje pozornosti na proces avtentifikacije, ter da vprašanje verodostojnosti v romanu nikakor ni dialektične narave.
Ready or not: Does household preparedness prevent absenteeism among emergency department staff during a disaster?
Authors: Mercer, MD, MPH Mary P. , Ancock, MD, MPH Benedict , Levis MD, PhD Joel T. , Reyes, MD Vivian
Published: February 2015

Introduction: During major disasters, hospitals experience varied levels of absenteeism among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the immediate response period. Loss of critical hospital personnel, including Emergency Department (ED) staff, during this time can negatively impact a facility's ability to effectively treat large numbers of ill and injured patients. Prior studies have examined factors contributing to HCW ability and willingness to report for duty during a disaster. The purpose of this study was to determine if the degree of readiness of ED personnel, as measured by household preparedness, is associated with predicted likelihood of reporting for duty. Additionally, the authors sought to elucidate other factors associated with absenteeism among ED staff during a disaster.Methods: ED staff of five hospitals participated in this survey-based study, answering questions regarding demographic information, past disaster experience, household disaster preparedness (using a novel,15-point scale), and likelihood of reporting to work during various categories of disaster. The primary outcome was personal predicted likelihood of reporting for duty following a disaster.Results: A total of 399 subjects participated in the study. ED staffs were most likely to report for duty in the setting of an earthquake (95 percent) or other natural disaster, followed by an epidemic (90 percent) and were less likely to report for work during a biological, chemical, or a nuclear event (63 percent). Degree of household preparedness was determined to have no association with an ED HCW's predicted likelihood of reporting for duty. Factors associated with predicted absenteeism varied based on type of disaster and included having dependents in the home, female gender, past disaster relief experience, having a spouse or domestic partner, and not owning pets. Having dependents in the home was associated with predicted absenteeism for all disaster types (OR 0.30-0.66). However, when stratified by gender, the presence of dependents at home was only a significantly associated with predicted absenteeism among women as opposed to men (OR 0.07-0.59 versus OR 0.41-1.02).Discussion: Personal household preparedness, while an admirable goal, appears to have no effect on predicted absenteeism among ED staff following a disaster. Having responsibilities for dependents is the most consistent factor associated with predicted absenteeism among female staff. Hospital and ED disaster planners should consider focusing preparedness efforts less toward household preparedness for staff and instead concentrate on addressing dependent care needs in addition to professional preparedness.
Increasing access and support for emergency management higher education programs
Authors: Cwiak, JD, PhD Carol L.
Published: February 2015

The number of emergency management higher education programs has grown dramatically since 1994 when the FEMA Higher Education Program was created to propagate and support such growth. Data collected annually since 2007 from emergency management higher education programs shows that these programs face some consistent challenges. These challenges were coupled with annual data on program access and support indicators via dimensional analysis to answer the questions: To what extent are the challenges linked to a lack of access or support? If there is linkage, what can be gleaned from these linkages that can help address the challenges through improving access and support? The analysis showed that lack of access to funding and resources, and lack of support from partner organizations, has an impact on emergency management higher education. Discussion of that impact is followed with detailed recommendations that are focused on strengthening both internal and external access and support relationships for emergency management higher education programs.
Application of a plume model for decision makers’ situation awareness during an outdoor airborne HAZMAT release
Authors: Meris, BS, MBA Ronald G. , Barbera, MD Joseph A.
Published: February 2015

In a large-scale outdoor, airborne, hazardous materials (HAZMAT) incident, such as ruptured chlorine rail cars during a train derailment, the local Incident Commanders and HAZMAT emergency responders must obtain accurate information quickly to assess the situation and act promptly and appropriately. HAZMAT responders must have a clear understanding of key information and how to integrate it into timely and effective decisions for action planning. This study examined the use of HAZMAT plume modeling as a decision support tool during incident action planning in this type of extreme HAZMAT incident. The concept of situation awareness as presented by Endsley's dynamic situation awareness model contains three levels: perception, comprehension, and projection. It was used to examine the actions of incident managers related to adequate data acquisition, current situational understanding, and accurate situation projection. Scientists and engineers have created software to simulate and predict HAZMAT plume behavior, the projected hazard impact areas, and the associated health effects. Incorporating the use of HAZMAT plume projection modeling into an incident action plan may be a complex process. The present analysis used a mixed qualitative and quantitative methodological approach and examined the use and limitations of a “HAZMAT Plume Modeling Cycle” process that can be integrated into the incident action planning cycle. HAZMAT response experts were interviewed using a computer-based simulation. One of the research conclusions indicated the “HAZMAT Plume Modeling Cycle” is a critical function so that an individual/team can be tasked with continually updating the hazard plume model with evolving data, promoting more accurate situation awareness.
Lessons learned from The Great East Japan Earthquake: The need for disaster preparedness in the area of disaster mental health for children
Authors: Kozu, MSW, MHA Shuei , Homma, MD Hiroaki
Published: February 2015

The Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011 brought unprecedented challenges to individuals, families, and communities of the Tohoku region inJapan. Children are especially vulnerable to the postdisaster risk factors that impact their ability to heal. The destruction of the infrastructure by the disasters made it more challenging to reach out to children in an area where the stigma against mental illness is persistent. The authors share their experiences, what they heard from patients, and their reflections on lessons learned. The authors recommend the development of a coordinated mental health response system in preparation for the next disaster.
Gender, Islam, And Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Authors: Tappan Robert
Published: February 2015

As academics and Muslim thinkers begin to explore and formulate Islamic bioethics, it seems that the vital dimension of gender has so far received short shrift. This may appear all the more surprising in light of a growing body of literature on gender and Islam generally, though in many ways it mirrors the development of bioethics in the North American context. In that instance, too, new theories and cases involving gender were ignored for some time, but once given serious attention, had a significant impact on the field at all levels. One area of Islamic bioethics in which gender plays a central role is assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Yet even there, the implications of gender in the theory and practice of Islamic bioethics have not been sufficiently examined. Though some medical anthropologists in particular have addressed facets of gender in ART, more needs to be done to integrate this into the wider pursuit of Islamic bioethics.

This paper attempts to call more attention to the issue of gender as a necessary consideration in the development of Islamic bioethics. What is similar and what is different in the relationship of gender and bioethics in the North American and Islamic contexts? What pitfalls can be avoided in the articulation of Islamic bioethics in light of the North American experience of gender and bioethics? This paper looks at Islamic bioethical thought and practice in the realm of ART — particularly in Iran — and presents some of the ways in which gender comes into play. It then suggests other dimensions in the development of Islamic bioethics wherein considerations of gender ought to play a core role.
End-stage renal disease and thrombophilia
Authors: Bauer Alexander , Limperger Verena , Nowak-Göttl Ulrike
Published: February 2015

Die chronische Niereninsuffizienz (chronic kidney disease; CKD) stellt einen bekannten Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung einer arteriellen und venösen Thromboembolie (TE) dar. Das Risiko für eine TE ist bei moderat eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion ca. 2,5-fach erhöht und steigt mit zunehmender Insuffizienz auf etwa das 5,5-Fache. Vergleicht man Patienten mit einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz mit Patienten, die zusätzlich folgende Risikofaktoren aufweisen, erhöht sich das TE-Risiko erheblich: CKD und arterielle Thrombose: OR 4.9, CKD und maligne Grunderkrankung: OR 5.8, CKD und chirurgischer Eingriff: OR14.0; CKD und angeborene Thrombophilie (OR 4.3).

Die Behandlung der terminalen Niereninsuffizienz besteht in Dialyse, Peritonaldialyse und Nierentransplantation. Bei allen Verfahren sind thromboembolische Komplikationen beschrieben. TEs, insbesondere aber Katheter-assoziierte Thrombosen oder Shuntverschlüsse treten in bis zu 25% der Dialysepatienten auf. Die Inzidenz einer Nierenvenenthrombose als Komplikation nach Nierentransplantation – verbunden mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Organverlustes – wird mit 2–12% angegeben.

Da TE häufig multifaktoriell bedingt sind, erscheint ein generelles Screening auf Thrombophilie in diesem Patientenklientel nicht indiziert. Ein Screening sollte diskutiert werden bei Patienten, die entweder TEs vor Auftreten ihrer Nierenerkrankung entwickelt haben oder die eine positive Familienanamnese hinsichtlich VTE aufweisen. Auch Patienten, die unter Dialyse oder nach Transplantation multiple TEs erleiden und solche, die auf der Warteliste für eine Nierentransplantation (insbesondere Lebendspende) stehen, sollten hinsichtlich Thrombophilie untersucht werden.
Cànoves, Gemma; Villarino, Montserrat; Blanco-Romero, Asunción; De Uña, Elena y Espejo, Cayetano (eds.) (2014). Turismo de interior: renovarse o morir. Estrategias y productos en Catalunya, Galicia y Murcia
Authors: Andrés Sarasa José Luis
Published: February 2015

Cànoves, Gemma; Villarino, Montserrat; Blanco-Romero, Asunción; De Uña, Elena y Espejo, Cayetano (eds.) (2014)Turismo de interior: renovarse o morir. Estrategias y productos en Catalunya, Galicia y MurciaValencia: Universidad de Valencia, 241 p.ISBN 978-84-370-9251-5
Determinants of Private Investment and The Effects on Economic Growth in Indonesia
Authors: Suhendra Indra , Anwar Cep Jandi
Published: February 2015

Investment is important part of development economic, especially on increase of economic growth. Through investment, various of production facilities will be provide, thus will give optimally production output and value added, as a result can improve the economic growth. Investment activities can be done by two main sectors, government and private. Majority of government investment commonly to finance physical and non-physical development that could not be conducted by society. Lack of capital in government sector influence low of encourage on physical infrastructure as driving of business and economic activities. That condition will impact on private investment. This study will explain the effect of government investment and another economic variables, such as economic growth, investment credit, interest rate, inflation and exchange rate, and the influence of private investment on economic growth in Indonesia
Psychoanalysis and the scientific mind: Robert Boyle
Authors: FIGLIO KARL
Published: July 2002

It is a tempting exercise, both historically and psychoanalytically, to contribute to a
psychoanalytic understanding of Robert Boyle. Over many years, historians of science have
been amassing evidence of science as a social activity, part of the culture of its time. As
these studies progress, they stumble into psychoanalytic territory willy nilly. Indeed, the
very notion of enquiry into nature becomes a psychoanalytic issue, as soon as we think of
it as an emotionally charged approach to an object. If we think of Boyle as an early modern
scientific investigator and as a personification of the tensions surrounding the investigation
of nature as an object in the psychoanalytic sense, then we have a double reason for
bringing a psychoanalytic understanding to bear upon him.

One of the criticisms of a psychoanalytic enquiry into any historical figure or situation
is that the object of study is not present in the way a patient is present. It is not simply that
the patient is not there – after all, there is documentary evidence to stand in for the missing
person – but that the key feature that makes the enquiry psychoanalytic is missing. There
is no transference, and no way to monitor the accuracy of interpretations. That means that
the analyst cannot sit in the place of the objects in which the subject has an intense
emotional investment, and from which vantage the subject of these investments can be
studied. In that sense, the enquiry cannot be said to be properly psychoanalytic in method.
THE UNWANTED CHILD
Authors: Weir Tony
Published: July 2002

WHEN the news came forth from Downing Street last November that a fourth child was to be born to the premier and his wife, joy spread throughout the land. Gloom and despondency, by contrast, reigned in the McFarlane household when it transpired that Mrs. McFarlane was pregnant yet again, for in order to ensure that there would be no fifth child the couple had come to a decision: rather than rely on the physics of the condom or the chemistry of the pill the husband, like 9,000 other Scotsmen every year, was to resort to the surgery of vasectomy. So he did, and the health authority reported that the operation had been successful, but vital nature had counteracted medical art … and Catherine was born. She was in perfect health. Mrs. McFarlane claimed £10,000 for the pain of pregnancy and childbirth and both parents claimed £100,000 for the cost of keeping Catherine. They thereby joined the long line of those who, relying on the Court of Appeal's judgment in Emeh v. Kensington and Chelsea and Westminster A.H.A. [1985] Q.B. 1012, sought to throw on to the medical profession the cost of bringing up the child they had engendered and conceived, healthy though it was and in the event welcome—except for the expense.
AGENTS, BUSINESS OWNERS AND ESTOPPEL
Authors: TETTENBORN ANDREW
Published: July 2002

The law has long had to grapple with the person who owns a business but entrusts the running of it to a front man (or “front company”) while he himself remains hidden in the background. The problem is that the ostensible owner may be not worth suing, or that a customer's right of action may lie against him alone so as to prevent it being set-off against a claim by the true owner. Sometimes the law of agency may be available to remedy this situation by attaching liability to the actual business owner: but not always. This article suggests the possibility of using the doctrine of estoppel as a more general means of achieving the same object.
A DNA marker for the duplicated cytosolic PGI genes in sheep's fescue (Festuca ovina L.)
Authors: GHATNEKAR LENA , BENGTSSON BENGT O.
Published: July 2002

Active duplicate PgiC genes in sheep's fescue, Festuca ovina, are associated with a PCR marker of
specific length (about 370 bp, of which 231 are in an intron). Using this marker, the frequency of
plants with duplicate genes is estimated to be about 10% in a population from southern Sweden.
The close molecular similarity between the electrophoretically different duplicated genes is in
accordance with the conclusion reached earlier that they are indeed alleles at the same locus.
The 62E early-late puff of Drosophila contains D-spinophilin, an ecdysone-inducible PDZ-domain protein dynamically expressed during metamorphosis
Authors: KEEGAN J. , SCHMERER M. , RING B. , GARZA D.
Published: July 2002

At the onset of metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster, the steroid hormone 20-OH ecdysone
induces a small number of early and early-late puffs in the polytene chromosomes of the third-instar
larval salivary gland whose activity is required for regulating the activity of a larger set of
late puffs. Most of the corresponding early and early-late genes have been found to encode
transcription factors that regulate a much larger set of late genes. In contrast, we describe here the
identification of an ecdysone-regulated gene in the 62E early-late puff, denoted D-spinophilin, that
encodes a protein similar to the mammalian protein spinophilin/neurabin II. The D-spinophilin
protein is predicted to contain a highly conserved PP1-binding domain and adjacent PDZ domain,
as well as a coiled-coil domain and SAM domain, and belongs to a family of related proteins from
diverse organisms. Transcription of D-spinophilin is correlated with 62E puff activity during the
early stages of metamorphosis and is ecdysone-dependent, making this the first member of this
gene family shown to be regulated by a steroid hormone. Examination of the dynamic patterns of
D-spinophilin expression during the early stages of metamorphosis are consistent with a role in
central nervous system metamorphosis as well as a more general role in other tissues. As D-spinophilin
appears to be the only member of this gene family in Drosophila, its study provides an
excellent opportunity to elucidate the role of an important adaptor protein in a genetic model
organism.
On the use of linear regression and maximum likelihood for
QTL mapping in half-sib designs
Authors: BARET P. V. , KNOTT S. A. , VISSCHER P. M.
Published: July 2002

Methods of identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) using
a half-sib design are generally
based on least-squares or maximum likelihood approaches. These methods
differ in the genetical
model considered and in the information used. Despite these differences,
the power of the two
methods in a daughter design is very similar. Using an analogy with a one-way
analysis of
variance, we propose an equation connecting the two test-statistics (F
ratio for regression and
likelihood ratio test in the case of the maximum likelihood). The robustness
of this relationship is
tested by simulation for different single QTL models. In general, the correspondence
between the
two statistics is good under both the null hypothesis and the alternative
hypothesis of a single
QTL segregating. Practical implications are discussed with particular emphasis
on the theoretical
distribution of the likelihood ratio test.
On the origin of ‘arrested’ charnockitization in the Chilka
Lake area, Eastern Ghats Belt, India: a reappraisal
Authors: DOBMEIER CHRISTOPH , RAITH MICHAEL M.
Published: July 2002

Arrested-type charnockite formation occurs in an assemblage of high-grade gneisses at several
localities of the Chilka Lake area that belongs to the Proterozoic Eastern Ghats Belt of India. The
isolated ellipsoidal domains are found exclusively in leucogranite (leptynite) bands that intruded lit-par-
lit interbanded granulite-grade supracrustal and intermediate igneous rocks (khondalite–enderbite).
Macrostructures and microfabrics document a multiple deformation of the rock assemblage
under high-grade conditions. The intrusion of the leucogranitic melts separates a first episode of
deformation, D1, from a younger progressive deformation, D2–D4. A transpressive regime and inhomogeneous
deformation is indicated for D2–D4 by the associated structures and fabrics. But quartz c-axis
patterns show that pure shear prevailed during the closing stages of deformation. The spatial
distribution and orientation of the ellipsoidal charnockite domains within the host leptynite and the
orientation pattern of orthopyroxene c-axes inside the domains provide evidence for a synkinematic in
situ formation of the domains during D3, through partial breakdown of the leptynite assemblage
(Bt+Grt+Qtz+Fl1[rlhar ]Opx+Fsp+Ilm+Fl2/L). Local fluid migration along steep foliation planes
associated with large-scale D3 folds triggered the reaction. Orthopyroxene blastesis was confined to the
centre of the domains, and an envelope formed in which the residing fluid caused secondary intergranular
formation of chlorite, ore and carbonate, imparting the domains' typical greenish-brown
charnockite colour. The shape of the envelope, which varies from prolate in limbs to oblate in hinges of
D3 folds, is responsive to the local stress field. Comparison of chemical rock compositions supports
the in situ formation of charnockite in leptynite. Subtle compositional differences are controlled by the
changing mineralogy. Compared to the host leptynite, the charnockite domains are enriched in K2O,
Ba, Rb and Sr, but depleted in FeO*, MnO, Y and Zr. The data obtained in this study provide conclusive
evidence that the ellipsoidal charnockite domains do not represent remnants of stretched enderbite
layers as proposed by Bhattacharya, Sen & Acharyya, but formed in situ in the leptynite as a result
of localized synkinematic fluid migration late in the deformation history.
Reinterpretation of a Chilean pterosaur and the occurrence of
Dsungaripteridae in South America
Authors: MARTILL DAVID M. , FREY EBERHARD , DIAZ GUILLERMO CHONG , BELL C. M.
Published: July 2002

A fragmentary specimen of pterosaur originally assigned to the genus Pterodaustro
Bonaparte, 1970 is reassessed. The presence of a sagittal dorsal cranial crest on a fragment of nasopreorbital
arcade with linear vertical trabeculae and the occurrence of alveolar protuberances on the os
dentale indicate the new specimen has similarities with crested pterodactyloid pterosaurs of the family
Ctenochasmatidae, and with members of the Dsungaripteridae. The presence of alveolar protuberances
allows us to assign the specimen to the Dsungaripteridae. It forms the basis of a new genus and
species, Domeykodactylus ceciliae.
Implications of Jurassic chert identified in the Tokat Complex,

northern Turkey
Authors: BOZKURT ERDIN , HOLDSWORTH BRIAN K. , KOÇYIGˇIT ALI
Published: July 2002

The Tokat Complex is a strongly deformed tectono-sedimentary

mixture of low-grade metamorphic rocks with abundant recrystallized

limestone and relatively rare serpentinite and radiolarian chert in

blocks of variable size. Samples from the radiolarian chert blocks,

found in highly crushed zones, each of which corresponds to a thrust

sheet within an imbricate thrust zone, have yielded a Tithonian

fossil assemblage. They are interpreted as tectonic inclusions

emplaced within the Tokat Complex after its main post-early

Permian–pre-Liassic metamorphism, and were derived from the

rifting and opening of a Neotethyan ocean. The presence of Tithonian

blocks within low-grade metamorphic rocks of the Tokat Complex shows

that Tethys ocean was in existence in this region by latest Jurassic

time. We also suggest that the presence of ophiolitic slices

imbricated with the Pontide basement, Tokat Complex, explains the

swarm of North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) splays in this region

where the NAFZ likely followed a major pre-existing crustal

weakness.
An evaluation of elemental mobility during metamorphism of a

turbidite sequence (Greenland Group, New Zealand)
Authors: ROSER B. P. , NATHAN SIMON
Published: July 2002

The extent of elemental mobility during lower greenschist to

amphibolite facies metamorphism of a uniform turbidite suite

(Greenland Group, New Zealand) has been evaluated using data for

major elements and 19 trace elements. Simple comparison of average

compositions at 2 wt % Al2O3 intervals in the

data suites shows little contrast between lower greenschist protolith

and upper greenschist and amphibolite facies equivalents, except for

enrichment of CaO and Sr, and loss of Ba and Rb, particularly in the

sandier end members. Division into psammitic and pelitic suites using

TiO2/Al2O3 and

Zr/Al2O3 ratios allows delineation of

individual residual enrichment models on Ti-reference element plots,

and both lithotypes can be used to assess potential elemental

mobility. These plots show that a large number of elements (Ti, Al,

Fe, Mg, Ce, Cr, Ga, La, Nb, Ni, Sc, Th, V, Zn and Zr) constitute

immobile reference species, with abundances equal to their equivalent

lithotype in the protolith, and little mass loss or residual

enrichment. K and Rb also largely conform to the residual model, but

in the amphibolite facies some exchange between pelite and psammite

may occur. A number of elements show enrichment (Mn, Cu, Pb, U, Na,

P) or depletion (Y) in a small number of samples, but the

significance of these contrasts is questionable due to relatively

large variation in the protolith. In contrast, Ca and Sr show

progressive and marked enrichment with increasing grade, and Ba and

As are clearly depleted in amphibolite facies psammites. In the

amphibolite facies some Si may have been lost by psammites, and

gained by the pelites, although there has been no mass change from

the suite as a whole. A large part of the Ca and Sr enrichment in the

amphibolite facies can be accounted for by metasomatic homogenization

of calcareous concretions which occur in the lower grade protolith.

The metamorphism of the Greenland Group is thus considered to be

essentially isochemical.
Localization of mid-crustal thrust ramps by metadolerite sheets

in the Dalradian of northwest Ireland
Authors: JOHNSTON J. D.
Published: July 2002

The Slieve League peninsula in southwest Donegal affords some

of the best exposures of the Dalradian Appin/Argyll Group

transition available in Ireland. As a result, a refined

stratigraphical column is available, allowing resolution of small-

(metric-) scale imbrication of parts of the sequence. Large-scale D2

thrust nappes dominate the structure of the region, and the rocks have

undergone multiple folding and complex cleavage development. In the

Glencolumbkille valley, an imbricate duplex has been mapped in

detail. Original intrusive relationships of metadolerite sheets

controlled the geometry of subsquent deformation. A major ramp cuts

up through the established stratigraphy and is controlled by a pre-D2

metadolerite intrusion. Throughout the region, major and minor ramps

are localized by the metadolerite sheets. Within the thrust sheets,

analysis of quartz petrofabric and clast fabrics in hangingwall

mylonites within the Boulder Bed document kinematics and strain

localization within the thrust sheets. Axial ratios in the dolomitic

clasts increase up to a maximum of 30 [ratio ] 1 adjacent to the

ductile thrusts. However, granite clast axial ratios are less

pronounced adjacent to some of the shears, suggesting that strain may

have partitioned into the matrix at high strains.
Naming trace fossils
Authors: GOLDRING R. , POLLARD J. E. , TAYLOR A. M.
Published: July 2002

A different approach to the naming of trace fossils is

advocated. The primary ichnotaxobase should be the form of the burrow

actually occupied, and the secondary ichnotaxobase should be the

morphology of the structure that reflects the manner in which this

burrow has been displaced and/or extended. Only by attempting to

name trace fossils in this way will it be possible to eliminate

features due to sedimentological factors that took place on

termination of the animal’s activities, including passive infill

and diagenesis. To discriminate between different preservational

states the citation should include both the taxonomic and

preservational aspects.
Introduction: geological and geophysical studies

in the Trans-European Suture Zone
Authors: PHARAOH T. C. , ENGLAND R. W. , VERNIERS J. , ŻELAŹNIEWICZ A.
Published: July 2002

The Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) is the boundary

between ancient Precambrian lithosphere of the East

European Craton (EEC) and the younger lithosphere

beneath the latest Neoproterozoic–Palaeozoic mobile

belts of western Europe. The former is characterized by a

thick crust (c. 45 km), low heat flow and a tectono-thermal

age of about 3000 to 800 Ma, the latter by a thinner

crust (c. 30 km), higher heat flow and a tectonothermal

age of 560 to 290 Ma. These contrasting types of crust

were juxtaposed during the Caledonian and Variscan orogenic

episodes. The crystalline basement of the TESZ is

largely concealed by sedimentary basins controlled by

the reactivation of structures within the suture zone during

Permian–Mesozoic extension and Cenozoic inversion.

The pre-Permian evolution of the craton and the

mobile belts, and the location of the sutures, is inferred

from isolated outcrops, hundreds of boreholes and geophysical

evidence. Existing seismic data demonstrates

that the TESZ is rather narrow and has an expression at all

levels of the lithosphere and deep into the asthenosphere.

Teleseismic studies have demonstrated that the differences

in the velocity structure of the asthenospheric and

lithospheric mantle across the TESZ persist to depths of

c. 400 km (Zielhus & Nolet, 1994).
Quaternary fluvio-lacustrine deposits of the Lamayuru Basin,

Ladakh Himalaya: preliminary multidisciplinary investigations
Authors: KOTLIA B. S. , SHUKLA U. K. , BHALLA M. S. , MATHUR P. D. , PANT C. C.
Published: July 2002

Preliminary multidisciplinary investigations were carried out in
a

105 m thick late Pleistocene

terrestrial sequence in the Lamayuru basin, Ladakh Himalaya. Palaeomagnetic

studies reveal a reversal of

polarity at about 35 ka BP. This is the only report of this reversal event
in

the late Pleistocene terrestrial

sequences of the Indian subcontinent. The valley fill sequence is the product

of an interplay of lacustrine

with fluvio-deltaic to colluvial processes. Four fossiliferous horizons
have

yielded ostracods and gastropods

indicating shallow freshwater conditions. The Lamayuru lake was created

by tectonically induced instability

about 35–40 ka BP, an event that may be represented widely throughout
the

Himalaya.
A new neoselachian shark from the Upper Triassic of Grozon
(Jura, France)
Authors: CUNY GILLES , MARTIN MICHEL , RAUSCHER RAYMOND , MAZIN JEAN-MICHEL
Published: July 2002

Two successive assemblages of vertebrate microremains have been
found at Grozon (Jura,
northeastern France). Palynological analysis confirms a Norian age for
the first one and a Rhaetian
age for the second. A new species of neoselachian shark, Grozonodon candaui, is erected from isolated
teeth of Norian age, based on their enameloid ultrastructure. Distinctive
parallel-fibred enameloid is
recognized among teeth previously assigned to Hybodus minor, which
therefore represents another
early neoselachian shark. These structural characteristics confirm the
close relationship of hybodont
and neoselachian sharks.
The Bolu Massif: remnant of a pre-Early Ordovician active
margin in the west Pontides, northern Turkey
Authors: USTAÖMER P. AYDA , ROGERS GRAEME
Published: July 2002

The scope of this study is to understand better the pre-Early Ordovician history of the west
Pontides of northern Turkey by focusing on the best-exposed part of the Bolu Massif, which is located
between Bolu and Yedigöller (Seven Lakes). The Palaeozoic rocks of the west Pontides tectonic belt of
northern Turkey comprise a transgressive sedimentary sequence known as ‘Palaeozoic of İstanbul.’ In
a few areas, the basement of the Palaeozoic sequence is exposed, the largest part of which is the Bolu
Massif, which is located in the middle of the west Pontides. The lowermost unit of the Palaeozoic of
İstanbul in the Bolu area is the Işığandere Formation, which is made up of fluvial red conglomerates
and sandstones of Lower Ordovician age. Three different units are exposed unconformably beneath
these continental clastics, forming the Bolu Massif. From the structural base to the top, these are as
follows: (1) a high-grade metamorphic unit, known as the Sünnice Group); (2) granitoid intrusions,
known as the Bolu Granitoid Complex; and (3) a greenschist meta-volcanic sequence (the Çaşurtepe
Formation).

The Sünnice Group is the lowest, structurally speaking. It is a southwest–northeast-trending belt of
migmatitic basement, consisting of amphibolites and paragneisses cut by small (< 10 m) metagranitic
intrusions. The Sünnice Group is tectonically overlain by the Bolu Granitoid Complex and the
Çaşurtepe Formation along the Karadere Fault. In the study area the Bolu Granitoid Complex is represented
by two distinct, north-northeast–south-southwest-trending intrusions, the Tüllükiriş and
Kapikaya plutons. The granitoids are mainly tonalitic and granodioritic in composition, cut by lam-prophyre
and aplite dykes and intruded into the Çaşurtepe Formation. The Çaşurtepe Formation is
composed mainly of andesitic and minor rhyolitic lavas, along with a meta-ignimbrite sequence.

The lavas have geochemical characteristics indicative of eruption in a subduction-related tectonic
setting. The geochemistry of the intrusions also suggests emplacement in an arc-type setting. Initial
Nd isotope data for the Çaşurtepe Formation indicate derivation from a depleted mantle source,
whereas those for the granitoids are consistent with greater degrees of crustal contamination.
THE EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY/WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION DEBATE OF THE 1890s REVISITED
Authors: MARKHAM LESTER V.
Published: July 2002

Historians have praised Joseph Chamberlain's workmen's compensation act of 1897, the foundation of Britain's modern insurance-based compensation scheme for on-the-job injuries, as a forward-looking social programme of great benefit to workers. By contrast, the Liberals' support of the option of potential unlimited employer liability for worker injuries has been viewed as unimaginative and a failure of political leadership at a crucial juncture in the history of the Liberal party's relationship with labour. This article re-examines the employers' liability/workmen's compensation debate of the 1890s, arguing that historians' criticism of the Liberals' position stems from a misunderstanding that the crux of the debate was over the method of fair compensation. To the contrary, as this article demonstrates, the real issue was workplace safety. Far from being caught napping, Liberals strenuously argued the workers' long-held position that workplace safety, that is, the prevention of accidents, was much more important than compensation after the accident occurred and that Chamberlain's compensation scheme would do nothing to improve safety. Significantly, this article reveals that the Liberals were correct in that, while employers immediately gained protection from unlimited liability at minimal cost, worker safety, in fact, did not improve and may have even declined during the first decade of the act's operation.
THE MAKING OF RELIGIOUS POLICY, 1533–1546: HENRY VIII AND THE
SEARCH
FOR THE MIDDLE WAY
Authors: BERNARD G. W.
Published: July 2002

Too often religious policy in Henry VIII's reign after the
break with Rome has been
seen as fluctuating and inconsistent as he was influenced first
by one group of ministers and courtiers
and then by another. Here it is argued by contrast that Henry VIII
was very much the dominant force
in the making of religious policy and that his policy, which he
pursued skilfully and consistently, is
best characterized as a search for the middle way.