bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity and pathogenicity of Fusarium species associated with Fusarium head blight in wheat and maize cropping systems in Sichuan Province
Authors: Sun Xiaofang , Yang Rui , Tang Huimin , Ma Miaomiao , Chen Huabao , Chang Xiaoli , Zhang Min , Gong Guoshu
Published: February 2025

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a severe disease worldwide that leads to substantial economic losses. Wheat‒maize cropping is the dominant system in Sichuan Province, China. However, FHB has become increasingly severe in this system, and Fusarium rot disease is also becoming a severe threat to maize. To understand the composition and pathogenicity of the Fusarium species associated with FHB, samples of typical symptomatic wheat spikes were collected from wheat‒maize cropping fields in 16 administrative districts of Sichuan Province, and Fusarium perithecia were obtained from both wheat straw and maize stubble. Based on morphological and molecular identification, 175 isolates from symptomatic wheat spikes were identified as five Fusarium species: F. asiaticum, F. avenaceum, F. graminearum, F. meridionale, and F. proliferatum. Among them, F. asiaticum and F. graminearum were the dominant pathogenic species, with isolation frequencies of 75.43% and 20.57%, respectively. Additionally, 136 single-ascospore isolates from wheat straw or maize stubble were identified as F. asiaticum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. meridionale, F. proliferatum, and F. temperatum. Pathogenicity assays revealed that the Fusarium strains from all sources could successfully infect wheat and maize. F. graminearum exhibited a high degree of pathogenicity towards both crops under investigation, while F. asiaticum demonstrated significantly greater pathogenicity towards wheat than maize. This work will help understand the cyclic infection caused by Fusarium species in wheat‒maize cropping systems and provide valuable data for the effectively controlling Fusarium rot disease in both wheat and maize.
Integrating D–S evidence theory and multiple deep learning frameworks for time series prediction of air quality
Authors: Feng Siling , Tang Le , Huang Mengxing , Wu Yuanyuan
Published: February 2025

Accurate prediction of air quality time series data is helpful to identify and warn air pollution events in advance. Although the current air quality prediction models have made some progress in improving the accuracy of prediction, due to the impact of specific pollutants or complex meteorological conditions, these models still have the problems of low prediction accuracy, robustness and generalization ability in univariate prediction. In order to solve these problems, this study proposes a framework that integrates D–S evidence theory and a variety of deep learning models. The air quality data of three representative cities with climate characteristics in China are obtained and five indicators on air pollutants are collected. The preprocessed data are divided by time length to form short-term, medium-term and long-term input data, and MLP, RNN, CNN, LSTM, BI-LSTM and GRU models are established respectively. By comparing the performance indicators of the six models, three most suitable models are selected to predict the short, medium and long-term data respectively. Taking the prediction results and reliability as the three evidence bodies of the theory, a fusion model based on D–S evidence theory is established. For the three performance indicators MAE, RMSE and MAPE of the model, the best result of the fusion model increases the performance by 7.42%, 4.25% and 12.82% compared with the sub optimal architecture. This shows that integrating D–S evidence theory and a variety of deep learning algorithms provides an effective method to accurately predict the long-term air quality level in most urban areas.
Waking rest during retention facilitates memory consolidation, but so does social media use
Authors: Quevedo Pütter Julian , Erdfelder Edgar
Published: February 2025

A short period of post-encoding waking rest has been shown to benefit subsequent memory performance. For example, past research suggests that waking rest after learning Icelandic-German word pairs boosts subsequent recall relative to an equally long period of social media use. Such findings are typically interpreted as evidence in favor of diversion retroactive interference. According to this account, non-specific cognitive processing inhibits consolidation and thus impairs storage of information encoded previously. However, the effect might alternatively be explained by similarity retroactive interference according to which retrieval is hampered by information processed during retention. Here, we report two experiments that shed light on the mechanisms underlying the waking rest effect. In both experiments, participants either wakefully rested, used social media, or engaged in additional Norwegian-German vocabulary learning after the original learning phase. We performed multinomial processing tree (MPT) analyses to disentangle latent storage and retrieval contributions to cued recall and recognition performance. We did not find any memory differences between the waking rest and social media conditions in either experiment. Moreover, storage, but not retrieval, was reliably impaired in the vocabulary condition. Thereby, the present research provides direct behavioral evidence for a dominant role of consolidation in the waking rest effect.
Stability assessment of hygroscopic medications in one dose packaging using community pharmacist surveys and experimental storage methods
Authors: Yoshida Takayuki , Iijima Hisashi , Washio Yumeka , Toda Makoto , Morikawa Miho , Iwasa Kazuhiro , Tomita Takashi
Published: February 2025

Some medications are unsuitable for one-dose packaging due to issues such as moisture absorption. A survey of community pharmacists was conducted to understand the status of one-dose packaging and identify hygroscopic medications for stability testing. Stability was assessed using a moisture-suppression bag and clinical applications were investigated. Survey results were used to extract the medications that should be included in the one-dose package. Medications were stored with and without moisture-suppression bags, and quality was assessed using weight change and breaking force. Suvorexant, Telmisartan, Aspirin Dialuminate, Kampo extract formulations (Yokukansan and Daikenchu-tou), and Yokuinin extract tablets were selected for the stability test. Storage without moisture-suppression bags resulted in substantial changes in weight and breaking force for all tested medications; the use of moisture-suppression bags maintained the quality of some medications. Although there was a substantial difference in weight change from day 3, there was almost no change in appearance. Currently, the decision to include hygroscopic pharmaceuticals in a single package based on changes in appearance is insufficient. However, further research is necessary to justify the decision not to include hygroscopic pharmaceuticals in such packaging. Therefore, pharmaceutical companies should cultivate appropriate awareness and information literacy of pharmacists should be improved.
Long term management of intracranial epidermoids balancing extent of resection and functional preservation in a 20 year institutional experience
Authors: Omer Mazin , Nakagawa Julia M. , Sales Arthur H. A. , Loidl Theresa Bettina , Scheiwe Christian , Beck Jürgen , Grauvogel Jürgen , Gizaw Christine J.
Published: February 2025

Epidermoid lesions account for 1% of intracranial neoplasms. Surgical management is challenging due to their adhesion to critical neurovascular structures and tendency for recurrence. The current study examines surgical outcomes, extent of resection, and recurrence rates during long-term follow-up. A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients treated for epidermoid lesions between 2000 and 2021, focusing on clinical and radiological outcome and long-term symptom development. Among 55 patients (56.4% male), the majority harbored lesions in the cerebellopontine angle (75.3%). The mean age at surgery was 41.3 years, with an average follow-up of 82 months. Total removal was achieved in 61% of cases, with 75% of them remaining recurrence-free. In comparison, 35% of near-total removal and 25% of subtotal removal remained recurrence-free. Immediate symptom improvement was similar after total and non-total removal (12.6% vs. 10.5%), but long-term improvement was higher after total removal (43% vs. 27%). Transient cranial nerve deficits occurred in 25% of total and in 32% of non-total removal cases, with similar rates of minor complications. Total removal provided better long-term symptom control and lower recurrence rates without significantly increasing neurological deficits, supporting it as the preferred surgical strategy while maintaining functional preservation.
Continuity in morphological disparity in tropical reef fishes across evolutionary scales
Authors: Donati Giulia Francesca Azzurra , Albouy Camille , Claverie Thomas , Mouillot David , Govinden Rodney , Hagen Oskar , Ibrahim Shameel , Pagu Julius , Zareer Irthisham , Leprieur Fabien , Pellissier Loïc
Published: February 2025

Tropical reef fishes exhibit a large disparity of organismal morphologies contributing to their astonishing biodiversity. Morphological disparity, scaling from differences among individuals within populations to differences among species, is governed by ecological and evolutionary processes. Here, we examined the relationship between intra- and interspecific disparity in 1111 individuals from 17 tropical reef fish species, representing 10 families with different dispersal abilities, across four Indian Ocean regions. We compared intraspecific measurements with species-level measures from a database of 1061 reef fish species. Species with high morphological disparity among individuals from distinct regions are found to be nested in families that display a high disparity among their genera. We show an association between the morphological disparity at the intra- and interspecific levels for several morphological ratios such as the caudal peduncle elongation. We evaluated the link between morphological disparity and genetic diversity with species dispersal ability. A structural equation model indicates that dispersal ability correlates positively with species genetic diversity, which is associated with morphological disparity. Our results suggest that traits associated with dispersal may foster gene flow and morphological evolution. Future works combining genomic, morphological and environmental data across more species is necessary to generalize these findings to other regions.
Co-engineering of Fe–Mn nanoclusters with porous carbon for enhanced electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis
Authors: Wang Youqing , Zhang Lang , Wang Caiyun , Wang Zhiwei , Feng Yanhong , Liu Xijun
Published: February 2025

Here, we developed iron–manganese nanocluster oxide-loaded nitrogen/oxygen-doped porous carbon towards effective NO3RR and Zn–nitrate batteries.
Optimizing cation–π force fields for molecular dynamics studies of competitive solvation in conjugated organosulfur polymers for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Gayen Diptesh , Schütze Yannik , Groh Sébastien , Dzubiella Joachim
Published: February 2025

A novel two-dimensional (2D) approach to parameterize cation–π interactions in the gas phase for conjugated polymers and to study these polymers in the solution phase.
Comparative assessment of flavonoid content of banana pulp and peel and their role in mitigating bone loss conditions and promoting osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Sinha Shradha , Sardar Anirban , Rai Divya , Tripathi Ashish Kumar , Kothari Priyanka , Rajput Ruchika , Pandey Ashutosh , Trivedi Ritu
Published: February 2025

Banana fruit is widely grown and source of income across the tropics. It is known for its nutritional qualities and well-recognized medicinal applications. Given that banana pulp and peel are...
Multilevel, solar-blind, and thermostable physical unclonable functions based on host-sensitized luminescence of β-Ga2O3:Dy3+
Authors: Zhu Dong , Wang Chunfeng , Jiao Fuhang , Xu Jiujun , Xu Haoran , Han Shun , Cao Peijiang , Zeng Yuxiang , Fang Ming , Liu Wenjun , Zhu Deliang , Lu Youming
Published: February 2025

The luminescent properties of β-Ga2O3:Dy3+ enable the development of optical PUF tags with exceptional encoding capacity, solar-blind response, and thermal stability, making them highly effective for anti-counterfeiting and encryption applications.
Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer: current insights and nanoparticle-based interventions
Authors: Shah Syed Ali Raza , Mumtaz Maria , Sharif Sumaira , Mustafa Imtiaz , Nayila Iffat
Published: February 2025

Background: H. pylori is recognized as one of the main causes of gastric cancer, and this type of cancer is considered as one of the leading diseases causing cancer deaths all over the world.
Co-pyrolysis of low-value wood sawdust and non-recyclable plastics into char: effect of plastic loading on char yield and its properties
Authors: Mishra Ranjeet Kumar
Published: February 2025

Co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastics is essential to improve the quality and yield of pyrolytic products, optimise energy recovery, and mitigate plastic waste, providing a sustainable approach to waste valorisation.
Polynorbornene copolymers combining flexible ether side chains and rigid hydrophobic segments for AEMWE
Authors: Hager Linus , Maron Timo , Thanh Trung Ngo , Stonawski Julian , Hutzler Andreas , Böhm Thomas , Strasser Peter , Thiele Simon , Kerres Jochen
Published: February 2025

A polynorbornene-based membrane material is characterized, demonstrating excellent performance in PGM-free, dry cathode mode anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE).
Organophosphonic acid-assisted efficient delamination of spent lithium-ion battery cathodes for regeneration
Authors: Gong Cheng , Zhang Shiwen , Liu Qin , Yi Jia , Bi Wentuan
Published: February 2025

Organophosphonic acids facilitate the delamination of cathode materials from Al foil via a reaction-passivation mechanism, with minimal degradation of the cathode and dissolution of the Al foil.
A sensitive fluorescent nanoprobe for sulfatase detection and imaging in living cells and in vivo
Authors: Liu Huijia , Zhang Jiaqi , Liu Li , Li Wenqing , Yang Jing , Wang Peng
Published: February 2025

A sensitive fluorescent nanoprobe was developed for sulfatase detection and imaging in living cancer cells and in vivo.
Synthesis of the Biphenylene Nanoribbon by Compressing the Biphenylene under Extreme Conditions
Authors: Zhao Zilin , Che Guangwei , Li Fang , Fei Yunfan , Luo Hao , Lang Puyi , Zeng Qingchao , Bai Hongcun , Wang Yajie , Mao Ho-Kwang , Zheng Haiyan , Li Kuo
Published: February 2025

Nonbenzenoid graphenenanoribbons like biphenylene network has gained increasing attention due to its promising electronic and transport properties, but their scalable synthesis is still a huge challenge. Pressure-induced topochemical polymerization is...
Circular polyester design by gem-heterodisubstitution: valerolactone-based polymers with high ductility and excellent strength
Authors: Pan Yue-Ming , Li Xin-Lei , Shang Wen-Da , Xu Tie-Qi
Published: February 2025

A series of α,α-heterodisubstituted δ-valerolactones (VLR1,R2) provide a desired platform for exploring circular polymer design by focusing on the asymmetric substitution of monomers.
Design of acidic activation-responsive charge-switchable carbon dots and validation of their antimicrobial activity
Authors: Li Zhuo , Li Hui , Tang Zhenrong , Tang Qingxia , Liao Chang , Tang Hua , Wang Dan
Published: February 2025

Bacterial biofilms play a crucial role in the emergence of antibiotic resistance and the persistence of chronic infections.
Correction: Carbon removal efficiency and energy requirement of engineered carbon removal technologies
Authors: Sanchez Daniel L. , Psarras Peter , Murnen Hannah K. , Rogers Barclay
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Carbon removal efficiency and energy requirement of engineered carbon removal technologies’ by Daniel L. Sanchez et al., RSC Sustain., 2025, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4su00552j.
Audiologic Recovery in a Case of Neurosyphilis: A Case Report
Authors: Roman Aaron M.
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

Syphilis is often called the “great imitator” as it can mask itself as a variety of other medical issues. Neurosyphilis is a subtype of syphilis that may occur at any stage of syphilis presentation. However, there is a substantial lack of literature on the presentation of hearing loss in this disease. The purpose of this case report is to discuss the presentation and outcomes related to a case of neurosyphilis.

Method:

This case report describes sudden aural fullness, tinnitus, and perceived hearing loss in a 30-year-old patient who was diagnosed with late-stage neurosyphilis. An initial audiometric evaluation identified a bilateral mild to moderately severe hearing loss that was found to be secondary to neurosyphilis. Following treatment of 2.4 million units of benzathine penicillin administered in three weekly shots, his hearing improved to normal levels.

Results:

This case details the audiometric assessment and subsequent follow-up of this patient's care. Behavioral hearing thresholds and distortion product otoacoustic emissions recovered substantially following treatment.

Conclusions:

Hearing assessment may be a beneficial tool when considering patients with neurosyphilis. Additionally, continuous audiologic monitoring in this population would prove beneficial when considering treatment.
Testing Very Preterm Black Children to Examine Potential Assessment Bias in Two Language Tests
Authors: Prather Lauren , Creaghead Nancy , Vannest Jennifer , Hunter Lisa , Hobek Amy , Odum Tamika , Altaye Mekibib , Lackey Juanita
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

The lack of appropriate assessments affects populations presumed to be most at risk for speech and language concerns, one of them being children with a history of preterm birth. This study aims to examine whether cultural bias is present in two currently available language tests for Black children under 3 years of age: the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales (CSBS) and the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI).

Method:

This study uses data from the Early Development of NICU Graduates' Study, a National Institutes of Health–funded, ongoing prospective, multicenter cohort investigation of very preterm (VPT) infants. A total of 54 (18 Black, 36 White) children born VPT were included in this study. The outcome measures were the Black and White children's CSBS cluster scores and their CDI: Words and Gestures (WG) scores.
T
tests and a mixed-model approach were used to compare the scores of the CSBS and CDI:WG based on matched pairs. Spearman rank correlation was used to examine the relationship between the CSBS and CDI:WG scores.

Results:

There was no significant difference between CSBS scores of Black and White children. There were no significant differences between the Black and White children's total scores on the CDI:WG based on the parent responses. There was a weak correlation between the CSBS and the CDI:WG subtest scores for the total group and a moderate correlation for Black children.

Conclusions:

The comparison of scores on the CSBS and the CDI:WG showed no significant difference between the Black and White children, indicating that there may not be evidence to support cultural bias for the premature children in this study. The correlation between the gestural subtest of the CSBS and the CDI:WG showed that direct observation by clinicians was similar to the observations of the parents.
Speech recognition for different dialects and accents
Authors: Wang Anrui
Published: February 2025

China is a populous nation made up of many different ethnic groups. Specifically, due to multiple factors, dialects in different regions of China exhibit notable differences in speech characteristics, intonation, and vocabulary. As a result, research progress and practical applications in dialect speech recognition face an imbalanced situation. Therefore, exploring specific recognition methods, establishing diverse dialect corpora, and investigating regional heterogeneity within different dialects are crucial for enhancing the accuracy and applicability of Chinese speech recognition. This paper sorts out the key technologies related to dialect speech model, integrates the deep neural network and Supervised learning of the model. In addition, data enhancement and adaptation methods of various model techniques, attention mechanism, end to end System are also introduced. These techniques can effectively improve the performance of the model in different dialect environments. Moreover, the current limitations of the field will be discussed, such as the lack of accuracy in identifying certain dialects and the challenges in data collection and processing. By analyzing these issues, this research aims to propose potential solutions for the further development of dialect speech recognition technology, offering valuable reference material for researchers and developers.
Controllable text generation based on varied frameworks - rhyming lyrics generation technology
Authors: Li Zixiang , Wu Qinfeng , Zhong Longjie
Published: February 2025

Controllable Text Generation, as a cutting-edge technology in Natural Language Processing (NLP), has significantly improved the quality of text generation. Users can customize the generated content by setting specific attributes, formats, and emotional characteristics, thereby achieving the goal of conserving resources. However, despite notable progress in this field, several challenges remain, such as limited text diversity under multiple conditions and information disconnection during long-text generation. In light of this, this paper focuses on controllable text generation technology within a Chinese context, particularly emphasizing the key element of rhyming. The aim is to investigate an effective method for generating rhyming lyrics and poetry. By comparing the text generation performance under Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks (Bi-RNN), and Transformer frameworks, and evaluating the results using n-grams metrics, this study attempts to reveal which architecture is better suited for handling the specific controllable generation requirement of rhyming. This provides theoretical support and technical guidance for automatically creating Chinese poetry and lyrics.
Error Correction for Semi-Supervised Classification Based on Fix Match
Authors: Zhang Ziqian
Published: February 2025

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) leverages unlabeled data to support model training, thereby improving model accuracy. However, most existing SSL methods rely heavily on unlabeled data for model correction while often overlooking the potential error correction capabilities of labeled data. In this paper, we propose Correction FixMatch, which harnesses the error correction potential of labeled data to achieve higher accuracy on the test set. Correction FixMatch is based on the FixMatch model but introduces a novel error-correction mechanism utilizing labeled data. In particular, a training set and a correction set are separated from the labeled dataset. The model is initially trained using the training set, and after a predefined number of steps, the correction set is employed to refine the model through error correction. According to experimental results, the suggested approach performs noticeably better in terms of accuracy than the original FixMatch model under identical testing conditions. This method opens up new possibilities for improving semi-supervised learning models.
Research on Anime-Style Image Generation Based on Stable Diffusion
Authors: Yang Mingbo
Published: February 2025

Animation style generation technology based on artificial intelligence is gaining increasing attention in the current society, and it has shown a wide range of application prospects in creative design, game development, and advertising. Based on the Animefull-follow pre-training dataset, the effect of using Stable Diffusion technology combined with LoRA model to generate a single anime character image was discussed. The experimental results show that the generated image is highly consistent with the original image in terms of style and detail, and successfully captures the unique characteristics of animation art. Although the Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) value of the generated image is 77. 29 when calculating the FID value, indicating that there are visual differences to a certain extent, these differences usually do not significantly affect the user's perception in the animation field, and the generated images still show excellent visual effects. Combined with the advantages of the LoRA model, the resources and time required for training are significantly reduced, enabling high- quality image generation even in resource-constrained environments.
Blockchain Technology in Healthcare, Logistics, and Transportation: An Investigation of Applications, Frameworks and Challenges
Authors: Zheng Shisheng
Published: February 2025

Today, blockchain technology is no longer confined to the financial sector for which it was originally designed, but has been integrated across diverse fields, achieving noteworthy advancements. Researchers have endeavored to demonstrate the feasibility and potential of blockchain applications beyond finance. This paper introduces the characteristics and workflow of blockchain technology. It provides an overview of the current state of blockchain applications in healthcare, logistics management, and transportation, analyzing several specific examples and presenting their corresponding simplified frameworks. These frameworks are conductive to traditional sectors by offering additional functionalities. In healthcare, blockchain is utilized to enhance the security and integrity of the sensitive health data records, as well as to facilitate remote patient monitoring. In logistics management, blockchain is employed to effectively enhance data security and ensure cold chain traceability, thereby improving the transparency and reliability of supply chain operations. In transportation, blockchain supports the development of intelligent transportation systems. Due to the inherent limitations of blockchain technology, such as issues with scalability, and the specific deficiencies of certain proposed frameworks, including the inaccuracies of Body Area Sensor Networks (BSN) and the drawbacks associated with Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) encryption, these integration efforts continue to face challenges. Various approaches, such as sharding, have been proposed to address these drawbacks and improve the efficacy of blockchain implementations in these domains. Despite these challenges, the ongoing research and development efforts indicate a promising future for blockchain technology in a wide array of applications.
Hydroxyurea-resistente, primäre Erythrozytose bei einer juvenilen
Mischlingshündin
Authors: Graf Jessica , Buder Astrid
Published: February 2025

Die primäre Erythrozytose, auch Polyzythämia vera gennant, ist eine
myeloproliferative Erkrankung, bei der es zu einer starken Vermehrung der
Erythrozyten und damit zu einem starken Hämatokritanstieg sowie einer Erhöhung
der Gesamterythrozytenzahl kommt. Hierdurch steigt das Thromboserisiko und die
Patienten zeigen eine erhöhte Blutungsneigung. Häufige Symptome sind Schwäche
und ZNS-Störungen. Klinisch auffällig sind vor allem dunkelrote Schleimhäute.
Bei der Diagnosestellung einer primären Erythrozytose handelt es sich um ein
Ausschlussverfahren, die die Bestimmung des Erythropoetin-Spiegels und die
Aufarbeitung von Ursachen von sekundären Erythrozytosen umfasst (z. B.
hypoxische Erkrankungen, Tumoren, Nierenerkrankungen). Die Therapie erfolgt
durch anfängliche Aderlässe, gegebenenfalls kombiniert mit einer Chemotherapie
mit Hydroxyurea. Patienten können mit dieser Therapie mitunter Jahre überleben.
Im hier dargestellten Fall einer 6 Monate alten
Berner-Sennen-Labrador-Mischlingshündin, welche mit Schwäche und dunkelroten
Schleimhäuten vorgestellt wurde, konnte eine primäre Erythrozytose
diagnostiziert werden. Die Hündin zeigte jedoch kein Ansprechen auf die
Chemotherapie. Zusätzlich traten Fieber, Diarrhö und Anorexie unter der Therapie
auf. Die Symptome waren nach Absetzen des Hydroxyureas vollständig reversibel.
Die Aderlässe mussten sehr frequent (im Abstand von 2 bis 3 Wochen) vorgenommen
werden, da der Hämatokritanstieg im Therapieverlauf unverändert rapide war. Der
Fall zeigt, dass bei Hunden auch bei ausschließlicher Therapie mit Aderlässen
eine vollständige Kontrolle der klinischen Symptome sowie eine Überlebenszeit
von über 30 Monaten erreicht werden kann.
Empfehlungen zum Management von Infektionsrisiken
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: February 2025

CAR-T-Zelltherapie-assoziierte Toxizitäten wie das Immun-Effektorzell-assoziierte Neurotoxizitätssyndrom (ICANS) oder das Zytokin-Freisetzungssyndrom (CRS) genießen bei Management potenzieller unerwünschter Ereignisse hohe Aufmerksamkeit. Immer mehr Studien weisen jedoch darauf hin, dass Infektionen eine führende Ursache der nicht-Rezidiv-assoziierten Mortalität (non-relapse mortality; NRM) bei CAR-T-Zelltherapien sind, stellte kürzlich die American Society of Transplant and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) fest.
National Lung Screening Trial: Rezidive nach kompletter Resektion eines NSCLC
Authors: Ruchalla Elke
Published: February 2025

Screeningprogramme auf Frühstadien von Bronchialkarzinomen, etwa das National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), haben die Überlebenszeiten von Patienten zwar deutlich verbessern können. Dennoch sind auch nach der – scheinbar kurativen – Resektion von Frühstadien eines nicht kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinoms (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, NSCLC) Rezidive möglich.
Salvage-OP bei Rezidiv von NSCLC nach primärer Radiatio mit kurativer Absicht
Authors: Ruchalla Elke
Published: February 2025

Bei Patienten mit lokal fortgeschrittenem, inoperablem nicht kleinzelligem Bronchialkarzinom (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, NSCLC) gilt eine Chemoradiotherapie mit Immuntherapie heute als Behandlungsmethode der Wahl, wenn eine Heilung angestrebt wird. Dennoch bleiben bei manchen Patienten Residualtumoren zurück, in anderen Fällen – bei bis zu 35 % der Behandelten nach Angaben einiger Autoren – kommt es zu Lokalrezidiven.
Pathologie als Grundpfeiler der modernen Krebsmedizin: Zwischen Innovation und Ressourcenknappheit
Authors: Rukavina Marion
Published: February 2025

Der Bundeskongress Pathologie 2024 in Berlin stand unter einem klaren Motto: „Ohne Pathologie keine Krebstherapie“. Fachleute aus Medizin, Wissenschaft, Industrie und Politik diskutierten die zentrale Rolle der Pathologie in der modernen Onkologie – und die Herausforderungen, denen sich das Fach gegenübersieht.
Mastektomie bei DCIS: Wann ist die Sentinel-Node-Biopsie sinnvoll?
Authors: Lorenz Judith
Published: February 2025

Bei Frauen, die sich aufgrund eines duktalen Carcinoma in situ (DCIS) einer Mastektomie unterziehen, soll laut US-amerikanischem National Comprehensive Cancer Network eine Sentinel-Node-(SN-)Biopsie erwogen werden. Bei Vorliegen eines invasiven Tumoranteils könnte nämlich eine spätere SN-Biopsie problematisch werden. Wie konsequent wird diese Empfehlung in der Praxis umgesetzt? Welche Faktoren begünstigen sie? Und wie häufig ist der SN befallen?
Metaanalyse einer adjuvanten Chemotherapie im Vergleich zu keiner adjuvanten Chemotherapie bei reseziertem Pankreaskarzinom im Stadium I
Authors: Manekeller Steffen
Published: February 2025

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die vergleichende Bewertung der Ergebnisse einer Pankreaskopfresektion mit oder ohne adjuvante Chemotherapie bei Patienten mit Pankreaskarzinom im Stadium I.
Transitioning to a Circular Economy safely and sustainably: A qualitative exploration of system barriers and drivers for industrial biotechnology in the EU context
Authors: Flaherty Denise , Hoefnagel Iduna , Hogervorst Petra , Klaassen Pim
Published: February 2025

Innovations in industrial biotechnology promise great potential for contributing to the circular economy as they can reduce our dependence on fossil-based raw materials. However, their environmental impacts and sustainability benefits can differ greatly. Therefore, it is important to consider the values of safety and sustainability when designing innovations applications for the circular economy transition.
Transitions like the one from a linear to a circular economy are shaped in the dynamics between political, societal, economic, and technological developments. Insights from actors working with industrial biotechnology innovation or policies are useful to explore the barriers and drivers of legislation, culture, and the market in a circular economy transition.
Results indicate that sustainability legislation, GMO legislation, governmental policies, and societal resistance hinder early research and development and appear to delay sustainable industrial biotechnology applications from entering the European market. But the tide might be changing, as market and societal actors are learning how to navigate the tensions between safety and sustainability, they more openly underscore the sustainability benefits of using genetically modified microorganisms over potential risks to environmental and human safety. European policy and legislation are beginning to recognise the need for integrated policies that align safety, sustainability, and circularity needs.
Suprachoroidal delivery of corticosteroid slow release implants for the treatment of cystoid macular edema
Authors: Asani Ben , Siedlecki Jakob , Klaas Julian , Priglinger Siegfried Georg
Published: February 2025

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Technical failure of endoscopic ultrasound choledocoduodenostomy: Multicenter case-control study on rescue techniques, consequences and risk factors
Authors: Beunon Clara , Debourdeau Antoine , Schaefer Marion , Wallenhorst Timothee , Perez-Cuadrado-Robles Enrique , Belle Arthur , Gonzalez Jean-Michel , Camus Duboc Marine , Caillol Fabrice , Toudic Hervé-Pierre , Pioche Mathieu , Danset Jean Baptiste , Sportes Adrien , Brieau Bertrand , Ben Soussan Emmanuel , Petiet Mathilde , Martin Antoine , Oumrani Sarra , Maire Frederique , Lemmers Arnaud , Prat Frederic , Caillo Ludovic , Gerard Romain , Albouys Jérémie , Lorenzo Diane
Published: February 2025

Background and study aims
We aimed to identify risk factors and salvage technique for technical failures of endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) and evaluate the short and long-term consequences in patients with biliary obstruction.
Patients and methods
This retrospective multicenter study included EUS-CDS from 2018 to 2024. Cases were defined as technical failure and classified as follow: type1 (digestive-flange mispositioned), type2 (biliary-flange mispositioned), type3 (stent deployment failure), type4 (catheter-LAMS through the bile duct), and type5 (others). Controls were successful EUS-CDS in the same center and period. The primary endpoint was to to identify risk factors for failure. Secondary endpoints were to describe the endoscopic rescue techniques to evaluate immediate and long-term consequences.
Results
Technical failures occurred in 7% (95%CI[5;9]). In 23 centers, 296 patients were included (53% male, 71±16 years): 100 cases (type1 [26%], type2 [41%], type3 [11%], type4 [6%], and type5 [16%]) and 196 controls. Risk factors in multivariate analysis for technical failures included CBD diameter ≤15mm, duodenal stenosis, Wired technique and low operator experience (≤10 LAMS). Endoscopic salvage was successful in 77% of cases, with 53% using a covered metal stent and 22% using a new LAMS. Early failures were mild in 50% of cases, but 12% resulted in death within 30 days. Immediate endoscopic salvage reduced severe clinical adverse event (p<0.00001) and increased success rates (p<0.0004).
Conclusions
EUS-CDS failures are not rare and are severe in half of the cases. Recognizing risk factors, identifying failures during the procedure, and knowing endoscopic salvage methods are crucial.
A Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing Different Cannulation Strategies in Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery: 20-year Single-Center Experience in a Referral Center
Authors: Nunez-Ordonez Nicolas , Senociain Julian , Umaña Juan Pablo , Amado-Olivares Andres Felipe , Villa Carlos Andrés , Obando Carlos , Camacho Jaime
Published: February 2025

Background Type A aortic dissection as a highly lethal disease continues being a great challenge for cardiac surgeons worldwide. There are still unanswered questions regarding intraoperative decisions and their impact on the surgical outcomes. The aim of this study is to compare postoperative outcomes according to site of cannulation in patients with acute Type A aortic dissection (ATAAD).

Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. We included all ATAAD procedures from January 2002 to November 2023. We defined groups according to site of cannulation (aorta, axillary, femoral, innominate). Data from pre-, intra-, and postoperative variables were collected. Our main outcomes were spinal cord injury (SCI), stroke rate, and in-hospital mortality. Between-group comparisons were performed using standard statistical tests and post hoc tests adjusting for multiple comparisons were performed.

Results We identified 127 ATAAD procedures. Reoperation for bleeding was significantly higher in the femoral cannulation group (75%, p = 0.0006). There were no statistically significant differences in acute kidney injury rate (p = 0.012), SCI rate (p = 0.78), or in-hospital mortality (p = 0.75). Our data suggest that there is a lower stroke rate in the axillary cannulation group (3.6%, p = 0.4), which did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion Choosing an adequate cannulation site is a critical step in TAAD surgery. In our series, axillary and innominate cannulation were the preferred methods with relatively low complication rates.
A modified artificial viscosity for shock-capturing and its application in discontinuous Galerkin methods
Authors: Zhong Zhengwei , Yan Zhen-Guo , Zhu Huajun , Yan Hong
Published: February 2025

To improve the performance of artificial viscosity (AV) methods in compressible multi-scale flow simulations, we aim to develop a modified AV flux with both good shock-capturing capability and adjustable low-dissipation in vortex-dominated regions. First, representative quantities for shocks and vortices are selected and dissipation equations for these quantities based on four existing AV fluxes are derived. Second, the dissipation behavior of these AV fluxes is analyzed and compared based on theoretical analysis and numerical experiments. Third, a modified AV flux is proposed by combining the existing AV fluxes, which has shock-capturing capability similar to the Laplacian form AV flux and has adjustable low-dissipation in vortex-dominated regions. Cases including shock tubes, Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, shock wave/shear-layer interaction, shock wave/boundary-layer interaction, supersonic airfoil, and high pressure turbine vane are adopted to test and compare the performance of different AV fluxes. The results show that the modified AV flux simulates shocks with relatively low numerical oscillations and captures more flow details in vortex-dominated regions, which indicates that it is promising in compressible turbulence simulations.
Coupled dual permeability with runoff model for simultaneous analysis of rainfall-induced seepage and runoff
Authors: Han Xinkai , Islam Amber , Abdullah Rini Asnida
Published: February 2025

Rainfall-induced slope instability poses a significant geotechnical challenge, particularly during heavy rainfall events. Traditional seepage models often neglect the combined effects of surface runoff and preferential flow, leading to limited predictive capabilities. This study presents a novel coupled dual permeability with runoff model (DPWRM) to analyze runoff and seepage during rainfall-induced preferential flow on unsaturated slopes. Combining the kinematic wave equation and dual permeability model, this approach addresses the limitations in existing methods for slope seepage predictions under intense rainfall. First, the critical role of preferential flow pathways enhanced infiltration and drainage efficiency, influencing seepage in single permeability model. Second, the DPWRM integrates infiltration dynamics, pore water pressure and runoff velocity to simulate hydrological responses. A physical model test validated the numerical model, demonstrating accurate predictions of cumulative runoff, pore water pressure variations. The results revealed significant impacts of runoff and soil heterogeneity on hydraulic conductivity and water distribution. This research provides insights into slope hydrology and geotechnical applications, offering practical strategies for managing rainfall-induced slope failures.
A Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Cloud-edge Collaboration Federated Transfer Learning
Authors: Liang Xintao , Sun Yulin , Kang Shouqiang , Zhao Zhihui , Wang Yujing , Wang Qingyan
Published: February 2025

To address the high cost of cloud communication in federated learning and the low diagnosis accuracy caused by the limited number of labeled rolling bearing samples with certain specifications, a new method is proposed. It utilizes cloud-edge collaboration federated transfer learning (CECFTL) for fault diagnosis in rolling bearings across different domains. A bearing fault diagnosis framework for multi-users is constructed by combining cloud-edge collaboration and federated learning. This is aimed at reducing the communication pressure of the cloud. First, the residual network is employed to capture the features of the vibration signal and construct a multi-user local model. Then, the shared model of the source domain built by cloud-edge collaboration is transmitted to the target domain users. An adaptive fine-tuning model transfer method is proposed, utilizing a personalized fine-tuning strategy to dynamically select the number of fine-tuning layers. Finally, the cross-domain fault diagnosis of rolling bearings under varying specifications is achieved while ensuring the privacy of multi-user island data. Through experimental validation, the proposed CECFTL saves an average of 69.1% of the time compared to the traditional federated learning. It effectively enhances fault diagnosis efficiency while reducing communication overhead and computational pressure in the cloud. Additionally, the accuracy of cross-domain fault diagnosis is improved by an average of 8.2%, demonstrating strong generalizability.
Correntropy weighted robust Kalman filter for integrated navigation system with time varying noise covariance
Authors: Zhang Feige , Gao Guangle , Xu Peng , Zhang Xiaotong
Published: February 2025

To handle the influence of historical data on state estimation, this study proposes a correntropy-weighted robust Kalman filter (CWRKF). The proposed method investigates the weight using the correntropy based on the current residual, thus suppressing the impact of historical data on system state estimation. In addition, an adaptive kernel bandwidth is defined for correntropy to avoid excessive use of the current residual and accuracy degradation. Further, the correntropy-weighted system noise covariance estimation is obtained and embedded into the Kalman filter. The proposed CWRKF is verified by simulations, and the results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed CWRKF in state estimation under time-varying system noise covariance conditions over the existing approaches.
0–3 piezocomposites with anisometric single-crystalline filler particles crystallographically oriented by dielectrophoretic alignment method
Authors: Sarı Hüseyin Alptekin , Birdoğan Selçuk , Dural Sevilay , Camadanlı Şebnem , Gülgün Mehmet Ali , Alkoy Sedat
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the synthesis, structural characterization, and dielectrophoretic alignment of potassium strontium niobate—KSN (KSr2Nb5O15) particles to develop textured 0–3 piezocomposites with enhanced dielectric and piezoelectric properties for tactile sensor applications. KSN particles were synthesized using a molten salt process. Anisometric needle-like morphology of the particles were confirmed by electron microscopy and their single crystalline nature by electron diffraction techniques. Dielectrophoretic alignment under an alternating current (AC) electric field facilitated particle orientation along the [001] c-axis of the tetragonal structure, as confirmed by x-ray diffraction and quantified using the Lotgering factor (f
(00l)). An f
(00l) = 0.83 was achieved for piezocomposite containing 5 vol% KSN particles and cured under an AC field of 2 kV mm−1 at 200 Hz. Electrical characterization revealed a strong correlation between particle alignment and properties. Compared to random piezocomposites prepared without AC field, increase in dielectric constant of up to two-folds, in polarization of up to ten folds, and in piezoelectric charge coefficient of up to 3 folds were observed in textured piezocomposites. A tactile sensor prototype developed using these textured piezocomposites exhibited voltage output proportional to particle orientation, demonstrating the importance of particle alignment in enhancing the functional properties of piezocomposites.
The study of adhesion layer in linear ultrasonic motors and its effect on output performance
Authors: Gao Yuepeng , Yao Zhiyuan , Yang Lin
Published: February 2025

Frictional wear at the stator/mover contact interface can lead to changes in friction characteristics and instability in motor operation, limiting their application. This study focuses on the frictional properties of the stator/mover contact, exploring the mechanism of adhesive layer formation and its impact on motor operating characteristics. Firstly, the operating mechanism of the motor and the formation mechanism of the adhesive layer are analyzed. Subsequently, based on mixed lubrication tribology theory, a friction coefficient estimation model is established, and the influence of adhesive layer thickness on the friction coefficient is investigated. Simultaneously, a dynamic model of the linear ultrasonic motor is constructed to analyze the impact of the friction coefficient on motor operating characteristics. Finally, methods for measuring the thickness of the adhesive layer are proposed, and experimental studies on the variation of adhesive layer thickness over time and its impact on the friction coefficient and motor operating characteristics are conducted. Experimental results show that the thickness of the adhesive layer increases over time, while the friction coefficient, operating speed, and thrust initially decrease and then increase.
Superconductor-based passive shielding and screening systems
Authors: Rotheudt Nicolas , Fracasso Michela , Vanderbemden Philippe , Gozzelino Laura
Published: February 2025

The attenuation of magnetic fields is crucial for various application fields, including health, space exploration, and fundamental physics, to name just a few. Superconductors are key materials for addressing this challenge. In this review, we mainly focus on the shielding and screening of quasi-static magnetic fields using superconductor-based passive layouts. After providing a brief overview of the principles of magnetic shielding and screening using superconductors, we outline commonly used procedures for measuring the field attenuation. Next, we give an insight into analytical and numerical models able to reproduce experimental results and predict the performances of new designs. Key challenges and achievements in employing low temperature or high temperature superconducting bulk and tape-based structures for reducing a given applied field are then discussed. Additionally, hybrid designs combining superconducting and ferromagnetic materials, aimed at enhancing the shielding ability or fabricating magnetic cloaks, are described. Finally, we highlight future challenges and potential advancements in this technology.