bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The spatially distributed nature of subglacial sediment dynamics: using a numerical model to quantify sediment transport and bedrock erosion across a glacier bed in response to glacier behavior and hydrology
Authors: Delaney Ian , Anderson Leif S. , Herman Frédéric
Published: November 2021

Abstract. In addition to ice and water, glaciers expel sediment. As a result, changing glacier dynamics and melt will result in changes to glacier erosion and sediment discharge, which can impact the landscape surrounding retreating glaciers, as well as communities and ecosystems downstream. To date, the available models of subglacial sediment transport on the sub-hourly to decadal-scale exist in one dimension, usually along a glacier's flow line. Such models have proven useful in describing the formation of landforms, the impact of sediment transport on glacier dynamics, the interactions between climate, glacier dynamics, and erosion. However, because of the large role of sediment connectivity in determining sediment discharge, the geoscience community needs modeling frameworks that describe subglacial sediment discharge in two spatial dimensions over time. Here, we present SUGSET_2D, a numerical model that evolves a two-dimensional subglacial till layer in response to the erosion of bedrock and changing sediment transport conditions below the glacier. Experiments employed on test cases of synthetic ice sheets and alpine glaciers demonstrate the heterogeneity in sediment transport across a glacier's bed. Furthermore, the experiments show the non-linear increase in sediment discharge following increased glacier melt. Lastly, we apply the model to Griesgletscher in the Swiss Alps where we use a parameter search to test model outputs against annual observations of sediment discharge measured from the glacier. The model captures the glacier's inter-annual variability and quantities of sediment discharge. Furthermore, the model's capacity to represent the data depends greatly on the grain size of sediment. Smaller sediment sizes allow sediment transport to occur in regions of the bed with reduced water flow and channel size, effectively increasing sediment connectivity into the main channels. Model outputs from the three test-cases together show the importance of considering heterogeneities in water discharge and sediment availability in two dimensions.
Spatiotemporal distribution of seasonal snow water equivalent in High Mountain Asia from an 18-year Landsat–MODIS era snow reanalysis dataset
Authors: Liu Yufei , Fang Yiwen , Margulis Steven A.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Seasonal snowpack is an essential component in the hydrological cycle and plays a significant role in supplying water resources to downstream users. Yet the snow water equivalent (SWE) in seasonal snowpacks, and its space–time variation, remains highly uncertain, especially over mountainous areas with complex terrain and sparse observations, such as in High Mountain Asia (HMA). In this work, we assessed the spatiotemporal distribution of seasonal SWE, obtained from a new 18-year HMA Snow Reanalysis (HMASR) dataset, as part of the recent NASA High Mountain Asia Team (HiMAT) effort. A Bayesian snow reanalysis scheme previously developed to assimilate satellite-derived fractional snow-covered area (fSCA) products from Landsat and MODIS platforms has been applied to develop the HMASR dataset (at a spatial resolution of 16 arcsec (∼500 m) and daily temporal resolution) over the joint Landsat–MODIS period covering water years (WYs) 2000–2017. Based on the results, the HMA-wide total SWE volume is found to be around
163 km3 on average and ranges from 114 km3 (WY2001) to 227 km3 (WY2005) when assessed over 18 WYs. The most abundant snowpacks are found in the northwestern basins (e.g., Indus, Syr Darya and Amu Darya) that are mainly affected by the westerlies, accounting for around 66 % of total seasonal SWE volume. Seasonal snowpack in HMA is depicted by snow accumulating through October to March and April, typically peaking around April and depleting in July–October, with variations across basins and WYs. When examining the elevational distribution over the HMA domain, seasonal SWE volume peaks at mid-elevations (around 3500 m), with over 50 % of the volume stored above 3500 m. Above-average amounts of precipitation causes significant overall increase in SWE volumes across all elevations, while an increase in air temperature (∼1.5 K) from cooler to normal conditions leads to an redistribution in snow storage from lower elevations to mid-elevations. This work brings new insight into understanding the climatology and variability of seasonal snowpack over HMA, with the regional snow reanalysis constrained by remote-sensing data, providing a new reference dataset for future studies of seasonal snow and how it contributes to the water cycle and climate over the HMA region.
Analysis of Temperature Variations, Types of Insulation and Coating on Corrosion Under Insulation on ASTM A53 Pipes
Authors: Putra Reza , Muhammad Muhammad , Hafli T , Islami Nurul , Apandi S Arpan
Published: November 2021

Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) can be described as localized corrosion that forms as a result of the penetration of water or moisture through an insulating material. The pipe material used is of the ASTM A53 standard and the fluid used in seawater because almost all industries are located on the coast. This type of coating is carried out on the test pipe using Meiji Epoxy Filler. The test method is carried out by flowing seawater fluid in pipes with water temperature variations of 30°C, 50°C, and 70°C. This pipe varies the type of insulation by using glasswool and Rockwool (ASTM G 189-07). This insulation is conditioned in a wet state by giving 2 ml of seawater drops with a pH value of 4 per 6 hours. The test equipment is divided into 3 series according to temperature variations with 4 test specimens and 2 coating variations respectively. The test time was carried out for 336 hours to obtain the corrosion rate results using the ASTM G31-72 weight loss method. The results showed that the type of Glasswool insulation with specimens coated had the lowest corrosion rate value of 0.00483 mmpy at a temperature of 30°C when compared to the same type of treatment on Rockwool insulation of 0.00724 mmpy or an increase of 2.41 times. This study shows that the type of insulation, temperature variation, and coating greatly affect the rate of corrosion and the type of corrosion that occurs is uniform corrosion.
La familia del cura. Estructura de los núcleos domésticos del clero castellano a mediados del siglo XVIII
Authors: Blanco Carrasco José Pablo
Published: November 2021

Nuestro conocimiento sobre la estructura residencial de la España Moderna es, con luces y sombras, un territorio relativamente bien conocido porque sobre él se han vertido un número de trabajos bastante apreciable. Sin embargo, una parte sensible de la población observada, apartada del análisis con frecuencia, no ha sido objeto de atención en la misma medida. Nos referimos concretamente a los clérigos seculares, tan desconocidos como presentes en los pueblos y ciudades modernos, y, con ellos, el conjunto de familiares que vive bajo su tutela y cuidado.

El objetivo de nuestro trabajo será plantear una aproximación a este aspecto particular de la sociedad moderna en función de sus tipologías y sobre la base de una historia social de la población.
Provisión de clérigos en las diócesis del imperio portugués y patronato real (1514-1777). Una visión sinóptica y comparativa
Authors: Paiva José Pedro
Published: November 2021

Este artículo proporciona una visión de cómo se han provisto los beneficios eclesiásticos, tanto las prebendas en los cabildos como los lugares en las iglesias existentes en las diócesis portuguesas fuera de Europa. El análisis cubre el período entre la consagración definitiva del patronato real (1514) y el final del reinado del rey José I (1777), por lo que tendrá un sesgo diacrónico y sintético. Tiene un propósito comparativo, ya que no es posible comprender la dinámica del sistema creado a partir de lógicas cerradas en los límites de cada diócesis e limitadas a fenómenos de naturaleza local. Las explicaciones propuestas se basan en un amplio conjunto de fuentes documentales, incluidas las relativas a diversas instancias de la administración central de la Corona, las producidas por obispos y cabildos, y la correspondencia intercambiada entre los diferentes agentes que participan en este proceso. El argumento principal es que el patronato real fue utilizado por la Corona como instrumento de recompensa para agraciar a sus servidores, sin que esto anulara la autoridad de los obispos y su capacidad para elegir el clero capitular y diocesano.
Recio Morales, Óscar, Alejandro O’Reilly, inspector general. Poder militar, familia y territorio en el reinado de Carlos III, Madrid, Sílex, 2020, 514 págs. ISBN: 9788477378372
Authors: Marchena Fernández Juan
Published: November 2021

Reseña de la obra de Recio Morales, Óscar, Alejandro O’Reilly, inspector general. Poder militar, familia y territorio en el reinado de Carlos III, Madrid, Sílex, 2020, 514 págs. ISBN: 9788477378372
Pimentel, Juan, Fantasmas de la ciencia española, Madrid, Marcial Pons Historia y Fundación Jorge Juan, 2020, 413 págs. ISBN: 9788417945015
Authors: Safier Neil
Published: November 2021

Book review of Pimentel, Juan, Fantasmas de la ciencia española, Madrid, Marcial Pons Historia y Fundación Jorge Juan, 2020, 413 págs. ISBN: 9788417945015
Representaciones mediáticas del clima como antihéroe en relatos de dos diarios
Authors: Ortega Villa Luz María , Méndez Fierros Hugo E. , Ortiz Marín Ángel Manuel
Published: November 2021

Los relatos de los medios ofrecen representaciones del acontecer que pueden analizarse para identificar cómo se lleva a cabo la mediación cognitiva. En una ciudad del desierto, la representación del clima que ofrecen los medios buscaría mediar entre las condiciones extremosas y la necesidad de ajuste de los seres humanos a esas condiciones.
El análisis de las funciones que desempeñan los personajes en las notas de tema socioambiental publicadas durante dos años por dos diarios del noroeste mexicano mostró que el clima (como frío o calor) es representado principalmente como antihéroe o ayudante de éste, que pone en riesgo la salud e integridad física de humanos y mascotas, o como controlador que obstaculiza las actividades cotidianas de los seres humanos
Energy Efficient Control by the Group of Oil Pumping Stations Operation
Authors:   Ukrainian Engineering Pedagogics Academy, Ukraine, Kaniuk Gennadii , Mezeria Andrii ,   Ukrainian Engineering Pedagogics Academy, Ukraine, Kniazeva Victoria ,   Ukrainian Engineering Pedagogics Academy, Ukraine, Fursova Tetiana ,   Ukrainian Engineering Pedagogics Academy, Ukraine, Blyznychenko Olena ,   Ukrainian Engineering Pedagogics Academy, Ukraine
Published: November 2021

This work is devoted to intensification of the power efficiency of computerized systems of con-trol by the pumping units group of oil pumping stations of the main lines. The criterion of the energy efficiency is a minimum total energy loss. The goal set can be reached by the develop-ment of algorithms of the energy efficient control. The most important scientific result based on the identification of the mathematical models of the objects controlled is the efficient algorithm for controlling the group of oil pumping units. It allows determining in real time the operation modes of separate pumping units, upon which the total energy losses will be minimal. The sig-nificance of the results obtained consists in the energy losses decrease across the main oil pipe-line during the combined control by the pumping units groups. Their practical significance con-sists in decreasing the cost of oil transportation at the expense of decreasing the energy con-sumed by the pumping units. The main stages of plotting the modes maps were presented of the efficient operation of the pumping units based on the definition of the necessary rotation fre-quencies and positions of the regulating valves. Experimentally was performed the analysis of the operation modes of the pumping unit using different methods for productivity regulation, and their comparative energy efficiency was shown. The experimental data extrapolation was carried out, and, on its basis, the possible economic effect was determined brought by the use of the energy-conserving systems of the controlling the group of pumping systems.
Development of the Method for Predicting and Calculating the Operation of Sorption Systems for Cleaning the Generator Gas based on Dolomite Use. Part II
Authors:   Institute of Power Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Malko Mihail , Vasilevich Sergey ,   Belarusian State Academy of Aviation, Mitrofanov Andrei ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Russian Federation, Mizonov Vadim ,   Ivanovo State Power Engineering University, Russian Federation
Published: November 2021

At present, instead of a direct combustion of solid fuel, its thermochemical conversion is exten-sively used to produce a generator gas. The use of this technology is connected with the need for gas purification. One of the promising and widely spread sorbents for the purification of the generator gas is dolomite, whose particles compose the active component of the bed filters. Forecasting the technological characteristics of the functioning of the bed filters of a various de-sign is an extremely urgent task. The objective of the study is to develop a method for forecast-ing and calculating the operation of sorption systems for purification of the generator gas based on dolomite. It is achieved by constructing and verifying a mathematical model of the function-ing of the bed sorption filter with a radial-axial flow pattern of the generator gas through the do-lomite filling. The Markov chains theory of a mathematical apparatus is used to design the one-dimensional mathematical model of the process with discrete space and time. The main recurrent balance ratio is formed at each calculation step taking into account the current characteristics of the process, which makes the model nonlinear. The significance of the research is that an approach to the problem of increasing the reliability of the description and reliability of forecasting technological processes in a bed filter was proposed based on the construction of mathematical models of these processes, in which the filter is considered as a system with distributed characteristics, and the calculation was based on local exchange potentials between particles and gas.
Development and Approbation of Methodology Aimed to Define the Reasons for Turbine Unit Capacity Limitation Based on the Specified Mathematical Model of its Condenser
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Russian Federation, Shempelev Aleksandr
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this work is to develop and test the methodology of elucidation of the reasons for turbine unit capacity limitations based on a mathematical model of its condenser. This pur-pose is achieved by using a mathematical model of the condenser as part of the developed methodology, taking into account the separate effects of contamination of the heat exchange surfaces, air suction into the vacuum system and the operating mode of the main ejector. Based on operational data sampling, the value of the limiting pressure in the condenser, excess of which leads to limitation of turbine unit capacity, was determined. It was established that the cause of power limitation is the abnormal operation of the main ejector due to inadmissible high temperature in the intermediate cooler of its first stage. For regimes that were not pressure-limited, using a mathematical model, the degree of tubes contamination, its influence on the condenser pressure and the power generated by the turbine unit, and the influence of actual air suctions on the condenser pressure were determined. The most important result of the study is to determine the possibility and feasibility of using the developed and tested methodology for solv-ing similar problems for any type of turbine unit equipped with a condenser. The significance of the work lies in the fact that the proposed approach expands the possibilities of using mathemat-ical models of this class in terms of solving such problems.
The Effectiveness of Extended Schedules of Heating Regulation at CHP Plants with Decreasing Normative Design Temperature of the Supply Water
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Russian Federation, Suvorov Dmitri , Tatarinova Natalya ,   Vyatka State University, Russian Federation, Lyskova Ekaterina ,   Vyatka State University, Russian Federation
Published: November 2021

The aim of the work is a computational study of the effectiveness of the extended schedules of heating regulation at steam turbine CHPPs with a decrease in the normative design temperature of the supply water. The study was carried out on adequate mathematical models of CHP tur-bines and heat supply systems, considering heat pipelines' actual diameters and lengths. The main energy efficiency indicator is the specific reference fuel consumption for electricity sup-ply, calculated under comparable conditions for the operating modes of turbine plants and the load of the heat supply system. The study took into account the electricity consumption for the drive of network pumps, standard heat losses in heating networks and the electricity generation for the heat consumption of CHPPs. The study results allowed for the first time to determine the integral indicators of the energy efficiency of work during the transition of CHPPs from the normative design ones to the temperature schedules reduced by the temperature of the supply water. At the same time, the calculations revealed the limitations on the parameters of the extended schedules of regulation when transitioning to reduced temperature schedules. The most important results of the work should also be attributed to the determination of the optimal schedules of the temperature of the supply water for different values of the district heating coef-ficient of the CHPP. The results obtained are essential for assessing the efficiency of the transi-tion of heat supply systems to reduced supply water's design temperatures when using modern heating regulation schedules.
Robust Steganographic Method with Code-Controlled Information Embedding
Authors:   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Ukraine, Kobozeva Ala , Sokolov Arteom ,   Odessа Polytechnic State University, Ukraine
Published: November 2021

In view of the fact that most images are compressed when transmitted through telecommunica-tion systems and telecommunication systems in the energetics, from the point of view of the practical use of steganographic algorithms in real information security systems, such as their property, the ability to effectively resist a compression attack, is of great interest. This work aims at increasing the robustness of steganographic system against compression attacks to ensure the reliability of the steganographic message perception by developing a steganographic method that implements the embedding of additional information in the spatial domain of the container, us-ing the code control of the frequency components that are under perturbations resulting from the steganographic transformation. The goal was achieved using the code control of information embedding: due to preliminary additional coding of the embedded information with codewords for which the Walsh-Hadamard transformants have the specified properties, which leads to a given localization of disturbances in the Walsh-Hadamard domain of the container as a result of the information embedding. The most significant result is the steganographic method developed based on the formed theoretical basis, for which classes of codewords that provide the highest robustness against the compression attacks were constructed. The significance of the results ob-tained is that the developed method ensured a high reliability level of perception the ste-ganographic messages, significant robustness against the compression attacks, as well as sim-plicity of algorithmic implementation and high performance.
Minat Belajar Matematika dengan Memanfaatkan Budaya Lokal di Desa Silo Lama
Authors: Marhammah Hasibuan Ainul , Anisa Pulungan Syahrina
Published: November 2021

Dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini, peneliti melakukan sebuah penyuluhan penelitian tentang minat belajar matematika dengan memanfaatkan Budaya Lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat belajar matematika siswa dengan memanfaatkan budaya local. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan data yang ditunjukkan oleh hasil angket, wawancara atau observasi selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung, rata-rata hasil angket minat belajar sebelum tindakan adalah 63,07%, setelah siklus I adalah 65,70% dan setelah siklus II adalah 76,48% (tinggi) artinya ada peningkatan minat belajar dari prabelajar ke siklus I sebesar 7,33% dan dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 7,08%. Untuk rata-rata hasil observasi minat belajar pra penelitian adalah 34. 54% pada siklus I adalah 54,43% dan siklus II adalah 71,21% Dari pra penelitian ke siklus I terjadi peningkatan sebesar 14,46%, dari siklus I ke siklus II naik 18,41%. Secara keseluruhan dari pra penelitian sampai akhir penelitian terjadi peningkatan sebesar 33,57%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan memanfaatkan Budaya Lokal siswa menjadi lebih bersemangat untuk belajar matematika
Pelatihan Kewirausahaan dan pengembangan Belanja Online Gordyn Ma’david di Desa Sainties
Authors: Harahap Azizah Yusra Amaliyah , Tumiyem Tumiyem , Syahfitri Ardania
Published: November 2021

Kewirausahaan merupakan bidang yang paling banyak diminati oleh masyarakat umum. Seorang wirausahawan atau yang biasa disebut Entrepreneur adalah seseorang yang memiliki jiwa dan kemampuan tertentu dalam berkreasi dan berinovasi. Namun permasalahan yang dihadapi saat ini adalah perkembangan teknologi yang semakin canggih. Dimana semua kegiatan menjadi berbasis teknologi termasuk dalam ranah kewirausahaan. Seorang Enterpreneur harus mampu mengikuti perkembangan teknologi agar mampu bersaing dalam memasarkan produk. Namun kenyataannya masih banyak pedagang yang belum mampu berkreasi dan berinovasi dalam memasarkan produk dengan teknologi terlebih lagi dimasa pandemik covid 19. Tujuan dilaksanakannya kegiatan ini yaitu untuk memberikan pelatihan kepada masyarakat untuk meningkatkan jiwa kewirausahaan diera pandemik. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan metode daring menggunakan zoom meeting. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan selama tiga kali pertemuan dengan materi yaitu trik jitu wirausaha sukses, Jiwa Entrepreneur dan cara mengembangkan produk (Gorden). Adapun peserta kegiatan ini terdiri dari masyarakat desa sainties Sumatera Utara. Hasil kegiatan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa setelah kegiatan dilaksanakan terjadinya peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat terhadap kewirausahaan serta bagaimana mengembangkan produk yang sudah ada.
Sosialisasi Protokol Kesehatan Covid-19 Melalui Instagram dalam Meningkatkan Kesadaran Masyarakat Kelurahan Kadumerak
Authors: Usman Usman , Nurul Aeni Neni , Izzuddin Ahmad Zaydan , Listiana Jamil Selia , Purnomo Aji Ilham , Alifa Khaerunnissa Fahira , Isnan Rosep Fauzan , Astuti Widy
Published: November 2021

Dalam melaksanakan KKM Tematik Online 2021 Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, kelompok 76 melaksankan program kerja dengan tema ‘Sosialisasi Protokol Kesehatan Menggunakan Media Sosial Instagram dalam upaya meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat dalam pencegahan penularan Covid-19’ dengan sasaran masyarakat Desa/Kelurahan Kadumerak, Kecamatan Karang Tanjung, Pandeglang, Banten yang aktif menggunakan media sosial Instagram dan masyarakat umum. Kelompok 76 memilih   Instagram   karena menjadi trend dalam masyarakat yang mayoritas menggunakan Instagram sebagai media untuk mencari dan menemukan segala informasi. Sedangkan  pemilihan  Desa/Kelurahan Kadumerak  sebagai  sasaran  karena   seperti  yang disebutkan sebelumnya, Desa/Kelurahan tersebut masuk kedalam zona Oranye di Pandeglang. Terdapat beberapa kegiatan  yang kami lakukan secara daring. Kegiatan daring berupa  diskusi  kelompok yang dilakukan menggunakan platform meeting online dan  video singkat terkait hal yang perlu dilakukan dan dipersiapkan untuk beraktivitas di luar rumah pada era  New  Normal pada masa pandemi Covid-19 seperti sekarang. Kemudian,  kami  juga  melakukan  sosialisasi  daring berupa pembagian poster tentang protokol kesehatan melalui media sosial yaitu Instagram
Penurunan Tingkat Kecemasan Anak Melalui Terapi Bermain di RumKital Dr. Midiyato Suratani Tanjungpinang
Authors: Pujiati Wasis , Saribu Hotmaria Julia Dolok , Rahman Zakiah , Khariroh Syamilatul
Published: November 2021

Kecemasan merupakan suatu keadaan emosional yang tidak menyenangkan yang  ditandai oleh rasa ketakutan dan gejala fisik yang menegangkan dan tidak diinginkan oleh anak, sehingga akan berpengaruh pada kesehatannya. Beberapa tindakan yang dilakukan untuk untuk menurunkan kecemasan pada anak yang sedang di rawat di RS adalah kegiatan terapi bermain. Salah satu terapi bermain yang dilakukan oleh TIM pengabdian untuk menurunkan kecemasan adalah terapi bermain mewarnai. Terapi bermain merupakan salah satu asuhan keperawatan pada anak untuk mengurangi kecemasan dan ketakutan. Berdasarkan data yang didapatkan di Rumkital Dr Midiyato Suratani Tanjungpinang, Berdasarkan hasil study pendahuluan yang dilakukan pada tanggal 14 Oktober 2019 dan hasil data rekaman medik di Rumkital Dr. Midiyato Suratani Tanjungpinang, didapatkan jumlah kunjungan pada anak usia 3-5 tahun dari bulan Juli- September 2019 sebanyak 120 orang anak.  Pada saat diberikan terapi bermain ini anak yang dilakukan perawatan sebanyak 10 orang dengan kriteria anak prasekolah, media yang digunakan adalah dengan mewarnai atau terapi mewarnai. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan kepala ruangan bahwa di RSAL sudah memiliki ruang bermain. Dari pengamatan, beberapa orang tua membawa mainan ketempat tidur anaknya agar anak merasa lebih nyaman. Terapi bermain di Ruang Anak ini memang  harus sering diberikan supaya anak yang dirawat mampu mengatasi kecemasan dan ketakutan yang dialami selama masa hospitalisasi.
PEMBUATAN METIL ESTER DARI MINYAK JELANTAH MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS CAO/ABU TERBANG BATUBARA
Authors: Fiyansah Toni Okta , Fadarina Fadarina , Junaidi Robert , Zamhari Mustain
Published: November 2021

Limbah merupakan hasil sisa produksi dari pabrik maupun rumah tangga yang sudah tidak dimanfaatkan yang  dapat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan. Diantara beberapa limbah yang banyak terdapat di wilayah Sumatra Selatan adalah limbah minyak goreng bekas dari industri rumah tangga, limbah tulang ikan gabus dari industri pempek, dan abu terbang batubara dari Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU). Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka di perlukan pemanfaatan limbah menjadi produk yang bernilai. Salah satu solusinya adalah dengan membuat metil ester dengan katalis. Penelitian menggunakan katalis CaO dengan support Abu terbang batubara, untuk meningkatkan yield metil ester. Katalis di variasikan jumlahnya (3, 5, 7) gram, serta melakukan uji analisa randemen berupa densitas, viskositas, kadar air, bilangan asam, dan bilangan penyabunan, yang diharapkan dapat mengoptimalkan rendemen yang dihasilkan. Upaya yang akan dilakukan yaitu dengan cara diaduk pada gelas beaker menggunakan magnetic stirer dengan waktu reaksi 1jam yang dilakukan pengulangan empat kali. Kemudian di dekantasi dengan variasi waktu dekantasi (3,6,9, 12 )jam , sehingga membentuk dua lapisan. Lapisan atas ialah metil ester dan sisa minyak sedangkan pada lapisan kedua ialah gliserol. Serta melakukan pencucian terhadap metil ester yang dihasilkan dengan aquades dengan variasi suhu pencucian (50, 60, 70 )°C
Metaphorical Structures Involving Deverbal Nouns Characteristic of the Akathist Text
Authors:   ", Braguta Ecaterina ,   Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu",   Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova
Published: November 2021

Orthodox hymnography comprises a wide variety of musical-poetic structures. Among them, the akathist stands out both in terms of size and aesthetic features or in terms of frequency of use in the practice of prayer. From the point of view of linguistic interest, we notice the abundance of deverbal nouns in the structure of the akathists, present at all levels of text structure. The multifunctionality of the deverbal nouns within this type of text also includes the aesthetic dimension of the hymn. In the current article we will focus on the dominant metaphorical structures, formed on the basis of deverbal nouns, which highlight fundamental concepts of Christianity.
PELATIHAN ROBOT PENGIKUT GARIS (LINE FOLLOWER) UNTUK SISWA SMK BATIK 2 SURAKARTA DI PRODI TEKNIK ELEKTRONIKA STT “WARGA” SURAKARTA
Authors: Marwanto S. , Suharjanto Suharjanto , S. W. Pius , Raharjo Aris Teguh
Published: November 2021

Pembelajaran robotik mendukung siswa untuk mendapatkan materi yang saling terintegrasi antara subyek pelajaran Science (sains), Technology (teknologi), Engineering (teknik), dan Mathematics (matematika). Robotika adalah perpaduan berbagai disiplin ilmu, khususnya mekanik, elektronik dan komputer. Jenis robot yang dipilih untuk pelatihan adalah robot Line Follower karena pembuatan robot ini tidak terlalu rumit sehingga diharapkan siswa dapat menguasai dengan cepat teknik pembuatannya. Sasaran dari program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini adalah siswa-siswi SMK Batik 2 Surakarta dan telah terlaksana dengan baik dan lancar pada hari Kamis, 11 Februari 2021, bertempat di Laboratorium Komputer dan Laboratorium Digital, Prodi Teknik Elektronika, Kampus Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi “Warga” Surakarta. Peserta pelatihan berjumlah 10 orang siswa-siswi SMK Batik 2 Surakarta dengan didampingi dua orang guru pendamping. Hasil dari pelatihan ini, semua peserta dapat merakit dan memprogram sendiri robot line follower.
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE “HYDROSPACE-GEOGLOWS 2021” WORKSHOP
Authors:   European Space Agency-ESRIN, Benveniste Jérôme , Andral Alice , Gutierrez Angelica , Bates Paul , Bauer-Gottwein Peter , Brachet Christophe , Crétaux Jean-François , Garay Bohórquez Cesar Ignacio , Cauduro Dias de Paiva Rodrigo , Maisongrande Philippe , Ouattara Tidiane , Unninayar Sushel , Berry Philippa , David Cédric H. , Fleischmann Ayan , Gao Huilin , Güntner Andreas , Huffman George , Lee Hyongki , Nielsen Karina , Papa Fabrice , Prigent Catherine , Schwatke Christian , Tarpanelli Angelica , Tourian Mohammad , Zaidi Arjumand Z.
Published: November 2021

This report summarises the main results, conclusions and recommendations of the “HYDROSPACE-GEOGLOWS 2021” Workshop organised by the European Space Agency (ESA), in collaboration with the French Space Agency (CNES) and the GEO Global Water Sustainability Initiative (GEOGloWS) (Fig. 1). This Workshop is a sequel to the ones held in Toulouse (F) in 2003, in Geneva (CH) in 2007 and in Frascati (I) in 2015. Nearly 300 scientists, engineers and managers registered to this virtual event from 41 countries from all time zones worldwide, submitting 123 papers with more than 500 co-authors. The inclusion in the programme of large time slots for discussion and the advance preparation of “Seed Questions” offered the opportunity to have a community discussion focused on the future challenges of Inland Water monitoring and prediction and the future observational requirements. A “Manifesto” was drawn-up from the discussion nourished by the participants. This report presents this “Manifesto”, highlights the state of the art presented in the sessions, summarises the discussions and provides recommendations and guidance for future mission design, research activities for enhancing processing algorithms and developing new ones, calibration and validation, sustainable data exploitation, dissemination, outreach, capacity building and co-designing applications and operational services.
Tetracyclic Heteroaromatic Systems-Synthesis of Ethoxycarbonylphenylpyrido[3',2':5,6] Thiopyranoquinolines
Authors: Khan Muhammad Naeem , Khan Misbahul Ain , Aslam Noreen , Khan Pir Bakhsh , Haq Ehsan ul
Published: November 2021

7-benzylideneamino-5H-thiochromeno[2,3-b]pyridin-5-ones and 9-benzylideneamino-5H-thio- chromeno[2,3-b]pyridin-5-ones, on reaction with ethyl pyruvate to afford 1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenyl-12H- pyrido[3',2':5,6]thiopyrano[3,2-f]quinoline-12-ones and 4-ethoxycarbonyl-2-phenyl-7H- pyrido[3',2':5,6]thiopyrano[3,2-h]quinoline-7-ones respectively by the two different methods. These products were precipitated by addition of ethanol, water (1:1), were purified by recrystalizing from appropriate solvents and were characterized from their IR, 1H-NMR, mass spectra and elemental analysis data.
Geology, Geochemistry and Petrographic Studies of Exposed Rock Units from Zhob and Qila Saifullah Districts of Balochistan
Authors: Zulfiqar Ali Hafiz Muhammad , Zubair Muhammad lrfan , Ali Hassan , Akbar Ghulam , Awan Adnan Alam
Published: November 2021

Present research exertion provides the information about the stratigraphy, geological structure, geochemistry and petrographic characteristics of the exposed sedimentary rock units and igneous intrusions around Zhob and Qila Saifullah districts of Balochistan. Sedimentary deposition in this area is attribute to both Pashin basin and Suleiman basin. The litho-stratigraphic sections of Suleiman basin are Spingwar formation and Loralai formation (Allozai Group) of Jurassic age and Goru formation, Parh limestone and Pab sandstone of Cretaceous age, whereas Pashin basin comprises of Nisai formation of Eocene age and Multana formation of 0ligocene - Miocene age. The structural features of the area are comprising of complex, doubly plunging, anticlines and synclines which have been truncated by reverse faults at different places.Geochemical analysis (X-Ray diffraction and X-Ray fluorescence) displays that Igneous Intrusions are comprising of Clay, Mica, Plagioclase and Spinal mineral with abundance of Al203 (11-14% wt.), Si02 (27-34 % wt.), Ca0 (6-17% wt.) and Fe203 (19-32% wt.), whereas sedimentary rocks are rich in Quartz, Calcite and Albite with abundance of Al203 (0-17% wt.), Si02 (1.35-78% wt.), Ca0 (0.92-55% wt.) and Fe203  (0.07-13% wt.). The petrographic studies of the carbonates indicate mudstone to wackstone, carbonate fabric with skeletal grains of Alveolina, Miliolids, Globotrancana, Algae, Stylolites and foraminifera, whereas the sandstone samples are rich in sub rounded to rounded quartz grain, feldspar and mica. Petrographic analysis of igneous intrusion shows muscovite, pyroxene needles, chlorite and opaque minerals. Economically the research area is appropriate for cement factory, glass industry and building stones.
Formulation, Physical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Silymarin Suspensions and Emulsions
Authors: Amna Arooj , Jahan Nazish , Rehman Khalil-ur- , Huma Zill-e-
Published: November 2021

Silymarin, is a therapeutically important flavonoid act as a hepatoprotective agent. However, has a positive effect on metabolism act as a hydrophobic drug but has a very low bioavailability. The aim of the present study was to prepare appropriate formulations of Silymarin in order to enhance its bioavailability. The natural suspending agents like (Xanthan gum, Tragacanth gum, Acacia gum and Iranian gum) were used for the formulation of suspensions, while emulsions were prepared with the combination of surfactant, co-surfactant and oil. The formulations were evaluated for their physical stability, pH, refractive index and conductivity. Among different formulations and suspensions prepared with xanthan gum as a green stabilizing agents were most stable. Emulsions formulated with tween 80 as a surfactant, polyethylene glycol as co-surfactant and olive oil were clear and stable for more than six months. The refractive index, pH and conductivity of the most stable suspension and emulsions were 1.347, 6.9 and 0.18 s/m and 1.43, 6.9, 0.01 s/m respectively. It was concluded that xanthan gum and tween 80 with polyethylene glycol has a good potential to enhance the therapeutic efficiency and stability of silymarin suspension and emulsion.
Fen Bilimleri Eğitiminde Kavram Öğretimi Yöntemlerine Dayalı Rehber Materyal Tasarımı: Kuvvet ve Hareket
Authors: YOLCU Hüseyin , KARAMUSTAFAOĞLU Sevilay , KARAMUSTAFAOĞLU Orhan
Published: November 2021

Yürürlükteki Fen Bilimleri Dersi Öğretim Programı’nda pek çok kavram ve bu kavramların birbiriyle olan ilişkisi yer almaktadır. Fen bilimleri ders kitaplarındaki şekilsel ve görsel hatalar, soru anlatımındaki bilimsel hatalar, örnek veya sorulardaki yanlışlıklar ile eksiklikler, konular arasındaki bağlantı eksiklikleri vb. durumlar ile öğretmen veya öğrenci kaynaklı bazı durumlar öğrencilerde kavram yanılgılarına sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada “Kuvvet ve Hareket” ünitesine ilişkin ön bilgileri belirleme, özetleme, değerlendirme, kavram yanılgılarının ortaya çıkmasını engelleme veya kavram yanılgısını giderme amacıyla kavram öğretim yöntem ve tekniklerine dayalı rehber materyal geliştirilmiştir. Bu tasarım içerisinde bulunan materyaller kavram haritası, kavram ağı, kavram karikatürü, kavram değişim metni, anlam çözümleme tablosu, zihin haritası, bilgi haritası, analoji, V-diyagramı, tanılayıcı dallanmış ağaç, yapılandırılmış grid ve çalışma yaprağıdır. Materyallerin oluşturulma sürecinde uzman görüşünden yararlanılmış ve uzman görüşü doğrultusunda gerekli düzenlemeler yapılmıştır. Son hali verilen kavram öğretim materyalleri kullanılarak, öğretmenlerin “Kuvvet ve Hareket” ünitesi kavramlarını kazandırırken takip edebilecekleri bir rehber materyal olması amacıyla, bir öğretim tasarımı geliştirilerek, öğretmen ve araştırmacıların kullanımına sunulmuştur.
Fertilitatea unor genotipuri apirene din Colecţia Ampelografică a IȘPHTA
Authors:   Scientific-Practical Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies, Republic of Moldova, Tofan Svetlana
Published: November 2021

În lucrare sunt prezentate rezultatele studiului fertilității unor genotipuri apirene de introducție și noi forme apirene din Colecția Ampelografică a IȘPHTA. Au fost determinați coeficienții de fertilitate, procentul de lăstari fertili, corelația dintre principalele elemente de rod (numărul total de ochi lăsați la tăiere și numărul de ochi porniți în vegetație, numărul total de lăstari și numărul de lăstari fertili, numărul total de ochi și numărul de struguri), s-au calculat coeficienții de corelație liniară și ecuațiile de regresie. O corelație puternică între elementele de rod s-a evidențiat la soiurile Mecita, Călina și elita BU 24-4np-3k. Cu cel mai mare procent de lăstari fertili și coeficienți de fertilitate s-au evidențiat genotipurile BU 24-4np-3k, XI-37-38, Mecita, Călina.
Rilevare e curare la violenza all’infanzia: l’esperienza pugliese di GIADA
Authors: Foschino Barbaro Maria Grazia , Pellegrini Michele
Published: November 2021

This article illustrates the path built over a decade by the Interdisciplinary Assistance Group for Abused Women and Children (GIADA) which has gradually taken on a stable dimension at the “Giovanni XXIII” Pediatric Hospital in Bari. The article describes the functions performed and the architecture of the Apulian model in which GIADA acts as a Level III Center for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the different forms of violence against children.
Alien amphipods (Arthopoda; Crustacea) in the Tista Estuary, Halden, southeastern Norway
Authors: Spikkeland Ingvar , Nilssen Jens Petter
Published: November 2021

Two new amphipods for Norway Melita nitida and Corophium multisetosum (Crustacea; Amphipoda) were registered in brackish waters in the Tista Estuary in Halden, southeastern Norway. Both species were found in the samples from Tista’s outlet into the Idde Fjord, C. multisetosum in the beach zone and M. nitida at about 4 m depth. Melita nitida is a North American species first found in Europe in the Netherlands in 1998, and since then dispersed into the Baltic Sea via the Kiel Canal and now also found several places on the German Baltic Sea coast and in the Black Sea. Corophium multisetosum was collected even before the 1920s in Western Europe, and is considered native for Europe, whereas its relationship to North America is more ambiguous. From the British Isles and the Netherlands, it seems to have spread to Germany, Poland, Denmark and Sweden, and at present Norway. Until now the two species were found in small numbers at the Norwegian sites and their influence on the total benthic community is probably negligible in this initial phase. The Tista Estuary in Halden apparently appears to be a hotspot for alien brackish water species in Norway. Generally estuaries, with their combination of brackish water jointly with their unsaturated ecological niches and intensive international ship traffic, seem to possess the highest potential infection rate for aquatic systems with alien acrozoobenthic species.
Correlation Between Face Form and Maxillary Central Incisor Tooth Form in Dentate Patients Visiting Rehman College of Dentistry Peshawar
Authors: Afzal Khan Muhammad , Hussain Shafqat , Sohaib Nawaz Muhammad , Irfan Muhammad , Mansur Aamna , Ishaq Khan Ghulam
Published: November 2021

Aim: To determine the correlation between face form and maxillary central incisor tooth form in dentate patients visiting Rehman College of dentistry Peshawar. Methods: 152 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study through consecutive non probability sampling. Photographs of their face and maxillary central incisor were taken, printed, traced and subjected to classification by William’s method by 4 Prosthodontists. Results: As per descriptive statistics, mean and SD’s for age was 31+5.78, mean and SD’s for face form measurements was recorded as 78+1.67, whereas mean and SD’s for central incisor tooth form measurements was recorded as 25+0.69 Conclusion: It has been concluded that there is no highly defined correlation between the face form and maxillary central incisor tooth form in males and females. These results indicate that the maxillary central incisor tooth shows considerable asymmetry, whereas the face is basically symmetric. Instead, the opinions and desires of the patient should be considered, to ensure optimal dental esthetics for each individual. Keywords: Face form, Tooth form, Central Incisor, Correlation
Comparison of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Vs Traditional Rehabilitation Therapy to Improve Upper Limb Function in Hemiplegic Acute and Subacute Stroke Patients
Authors: Waris Misbah , Afzal Adnan , Mukhtar Tehreem , Afzal Binash , Waris Sadaf , Ain Qurat-Ul-
Published: November 2021

Background: Stroke is a generic term in use to describe the sudden interruption of blood flow to the part of brain, resulting loss of brain function. A stroke may be also known as cerebrovascular accident. Cerebrovascular accident which defines as pathology in which brain disease occurs secondary to disorders of blood supply of brain. It is essential to know about the magnitude of impact of stroke globally. Aim: To determine effectiveness of constraint induced movement therapy and comparing its efficacy to traditional rehabilitation in acute and sub-acute stroke survivors exhibiting upper limb hemiplegia Methodology: This was a randomized clinical trial study, conducted in Lahore in which eighteen stroke patients had participated. Current study includes MAL and WMFT questionnaire in it and sample size was 18. Patients were treated 4 times a week and unaffected limb was constrained for two hours in therapy session and onwards to 10 hours to motivate the use of effected limb. Readings were taken weekly and patients were reassessed by using MAL and WMFT. CIMT treatment protocol consists of 3 or 4 month of daily intensive training of the affected extremity for 2 hours in association with restriction of the non-affected extremity for 10 hours a day. Group B: Traditional rehabilitation therapy used Sling (shoulder immobilizer) made of poly urethane material. Hair brush, cup, marbles, cards, blocks, tissue paper, cones, Swiss ball, dexterity board. Results: Statistical analysis was set at p ≤ 0.05. huge and direct to vast impacts existed on WMFT (P=0.010) noteworthy and direct to extensive impacts existed When p-value is not as much as the foreordained importance level which is frequently 0.05 or 0.01, showing that the watched results would be profoundly impossible under the alternate theory. In this way, the alternate hypothesis was supported. Subsequently null hypothesis is rejected and alternate hypothesis is accepted. Conclusion: This study concluded that the patients who were treated with CIMT showed remarkable change in upper extremity functions. While patients who were treated with traditional rehabilitation therapy they exhibited less change in their functional activities than Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy. Keywords: Comparison, traditional rehabilitation therapy, Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) Approaches
Attitude of Clinical Dental Students to Bleaching of Vital and Non-Vital Teeth: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abuhassna Mohammed , Sulaiman Oubada , Alotaibi Nawaf , Alanazi Khalid , Alshahrani Faten , Alolayan Rawan , Almutawa Sara , Alhowimel Sulaiman
Published: November 2021

Aim: To assess the attitudes of clinical dental students towards the various aspects of tooth bleaching in Saudi Arabia Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study that was carried out across different universities in Saudi Arabia. The study’s questionnaire consisted of questions regarding the demographics and knowledge of dental bleaching procedures, techniques, and materials. Descriptive statistics of frequency distribution and percentages were calculated for categorical variables and the Chi-squared test was applied to assess the relationship between categorical variables. Results: A total of 674 dental students and interns from 14 different governmental and private dental colleges in Saudi Arabia completed the survey. The majority of participants were females, 461 (68.4%), attended governmental universities, 396 (58.8%), and did not use any bleaching techniques (62.8%). Dental interns had a higher level of knowledge (42%) followed by 5th-year students (33.7%), and 6th-year students (22.9%). Furthermore, participants who practiced tooth bleaching during clinical training and private universities’ students showed a significantly better bleaching knowledge Conclusion: Overall, dental schools should be encouraging their students to be involved in bleaching application. Additionally, there is a pressing need to focus more on dental bleaching material and procedures in dental school. Keywords: Tooth bleaching, bleaching, techniques, dental students, attitude.
Yüksek Gerilim Kablolarında k-NN ile Arıza Konumu Belirleme ve Veri Boyutunun Sınıflandırmaya Etkileri
Authors: SERTTAŞ Tuba Nur , SERTTAŞ Fatih , HOCAOĞLU Fatih Onur
Published: November 2021

Yüksek gerilim elektrik tesislerindeki kablolarda meydana gelen arızaların büyük bir kısmı, kısmi boşalma kaynaklı yalıtım sorunlarından oluşmaktadır. Bu tür arızalar, genellikle kablolar üzerindeki montaj kusurlarından, nadir olarak da üretim hatalarından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yüksek ve orta gerilim sistemlerinde kullanılan çapraz bağlı polietilen yer altı kabloları (XLPE) üzerindeki kusurların konumlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla, bir dizi deneysel çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Laboratuvar ortamında, farklı mesafelerde kusurları bulunan aynı türde XLPE kablo numunelerine aynı orta gerilim seviyesinde gerilim belirli periyotlarda uygulanmış ve elde edilen kısmi boşalma sinyalleri zaman serisi olarak dijital ortama kaydedilmiştir. Kaydedilen veriler k En Yakın Komşuluklar (k-NN) yöntemiyle sınıflandırılmış ve sınıflandırma doğrulukları, veri azaltma yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Veri azaltmadaki amaç, pek çok farklı ölçüm frekansında modelin doğru sınıflandırmalar yapabildiğini gözlemlemek ve daha düşük frekans bandında çalışan cihazlarla yapılacak ölçümlerin doğruluğunu test etmektir. Sonuçlar k-NN yönteminin, kısmi boşalma sinyallerinin incelenmesinde yüksek oranda başarılı sonuçlar verdiğini göstermekte ve verilerin büyük oranda azaltılmasının, istatistiksel öznitelikler kullanıldığında, sınıflandırma doğruluğunu etkilemediğini göstermektedir.