bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Making Every Seat for Everyone’: Audience Development Research Report for New Independent Cinema FilmLab
Authors: Huang Wanting , Bian Shiyu , Guo Yuqing , Liu Jiangyue , Yi Zili
Published: November 2024

The British independent film industry has experienced a consistent decline in revenues over the past decades, resulting in heightened competition among independent cinemas. FilmLab, a newly established independent cinema affiliated with ArtsLab - a highly regarded arts organisation in Edinburgh – has commissioned this report in response to its client brief. The aim is to help FilmLab attract wider audiences using limited financial resources. We adopted audience development as the approach to address these concerns because of its two characteristics: first, its social objective of making the arts widely accessible, and second, its equal attention to the needs of existing and potential audiences. Existing research emphasises the significance of reducing barriers to participation in the audience development process. However, much of the previous work in this field has primarily focused on mainstream cinema attendance. As a result, the applicability of these findings for niche, less economically productive independent cinemas remains unclear. Therefore, this report mainly examines the barriers that prevent Edinburgh residents from independent cinemas and explores how FimLab can increase participation among different groups by creating more opportunities for participation. Through a questionnaire and eight follow-up interviews with Edinburgh residents, along with semi-structured interviews with five industry experts, we identified barriers and potential incentives in four crucial aspects: visibility, attractiveness, affordability, and sustainability. Meanwhile, we developed corresponding recommendations. We propose that independent cinemas could serve as open and accessible spaces for all audiences by reducing the common barriers to audience participation. The findings of this report may offer references for the identification of barriers to independent cinema attendance, while our strategies could inspire audience development strategies for independent cinemas.
How to Beat Procrastination at Work
Authors: Westover Jonathan
Published: November 2024

Procrastination is a pervasive challenge that undermines productivity, leading to missed deadlines, poor performance, and increased stress. Understanding the root causes—such as task aversion, poor time management, fear of failure, impulsiveness, and self-regulation issues—allows leaders to develop targeted strategies to combat it. This article explores research-backed techniques to overcome procrastination, including breaking large tasks into manageable steps, using planners to schedule work, setting achievable daily goals, and leveraging environmental triggers. Additionally, strategies like positive self-talk, rewarding progress, and minimizing distractions help sustain focus and motivation. Beyond individual efforts, cultivating an anti-procrastination culture is essential for long-term success. Leaders play a pivotal role by modeling engaged behavior, implementing accountability systems, and promoting work-life balance to prevent burnout. By fostering productive habits at both individual and organizational levels, businesses can reduce procrastination, enhance employee well-being, and maintain consistent progress toward goals.
Can Lower-Body Strength and Power Alleviate Load Carriage Performance Decrements (Tactical Deficit) in Simulated Law Enforcement Job Tasks?
Authors: Bloodgood Ashley M. , Dulla Joseph M. , Thompson Megan B. , Moreno Matthew R. , Orr Robin M. , Dawes J. Jay , Lockie Robert G.
Published: November 2024

Law enforcement agencies typically have recruits complete fitness assessments without personal protective equipment (PPE). PPE negatively impacts performance. Greater strength and power could alleviate performance decrements due to the extra load, termed the tactical deficit (TD). The purpose of this study was to examine whether lower-body strength or power related to the TD in civilians performing police tasks. Twenty participants (12 men, 8 women) completed baseline tests, including: standing broad jump (SBJ); relative SBJ; absolute and relative isometric leg/back dynamometer (LBD) and one-repetition maximum hexagonal bar deadlift (HBD). In two other sessions, participants completed four police tasks, either unloaded or loaded (PPE=~8-10 kg), in a counterbalanced order: vertical jump (VJ), 75-yard pursuit run (75PR), 74.84-kg body drag, and 500-yard run. The VJ was also used as a power metric, with peak anaerobic power and power:body mass (P:BM) derived. Paired samples t-tests investigated differences between unloaded/loaded conditions for each task for each sex. Independent samples t-tests compared the sexes. Pearson’s correlations derived relationships between strength and power tests with each task TD for each sex. Load negatively impacted task performance (p≤0.011); males generally outperformed females (p≤0.044). Superior SBJ, relative SBJ, VJ, P:BM, and absolute and relative HBD related to a smaller 75PR TD (r=-0.582 to -0.838). Greater absolute and relative HBD related to a lower body drag TD (r=-0.576 to -0.618) in men. For women, the relative SBJ related to a smaller VJ TD (r=-0.727). Developing lower-body strength and power could offset TD in foot pursuit and dragging tasks for personnel.
Analisis Kepuasan Pengguna Sistem Informasi Mahasiswa Fakultas Teknik (SIM-FT) di Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo
Authors: Septa Nugraha S
Published: November 2024

This study analyzes the level of user satisfaction with the Student Information System of the Faculty of Engineering (SIM-FT) at the University of Muhammadiyah Ponorogo using the End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) method. This method measures five main dimensions: content, accuracy, format, ease of use, and timeliness. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 30 students from three study programs: Informatics Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Electrical Engineering. The results of the analysis show that the average user satisfaction is in the category of quite satisfied with a score of 3.55. The format dimension received the highest score (3.80) while the punctuality dimension received the lowest score (3.30). This study provides recommendations for improving the quality of SIM-FT based on the results of the evaluation.
Summative Assessment of Islamic Education Subject in Merdeka Curriculum
Authors: Fitria Nabila Nayyirotul , Mufidah Luk Luk Nur , Setiawati Puput
Published: November 2024

The objective of this research is to examine the implementation of summative assessment within the “Merdeka” Curriculum, specifically in Islamic Religious Education courses. The adoption of this curriculum is still relatively new in the education process, and many teachers have not yet achieved optimal success in applying it. Although this assessment closely resembles that of the previous curriculum, it requires alignment with learning indicators and individual student characteristics to accurately reflect learning objectives. This study employs a qualitative descriptive methodology, gathering data from library research. The primary reference for this research is the “Merdeka Belajar” curriculum strategy from the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia. Summative assessment refers to evaluations conducted at the end of an academic year or semester. For the successful implementation of summative assessment in Islamic Religious Education within the Merdeka Curriculum, this research identifies nine essential phases: (1) defining competencies; (2) selecting an assessment structure; (3) providing necessary assessment tools; (4) establishing an assessment scale; (5) scheduling assessments; (6) completing summative assessments on time; (7) processing assessment results; (8) providing feedback and reports; and (9) conducting an evaluation.
Application of Cognitive Learning Theory in the Subject of Islamic Cultural History
Authors: Khairatunni'mah. SM
Published: November 2024

This study examines the implementation of cognitivist learning theory in the subject of Islamic cultural history (Indonesian: Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam – SKI) at MAN 2 Sleman. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research type, namely a method that describes, describes, and explains the events that occur to the object being studied based on the situation and conditions when the research was conducted. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the application of cognitive learning theory to SKI materials can train students to think critically, they will learn to understand examples and materials through the analysis, observations, and understanding they do, especially in understanding historical events in SKI subjects. In addition, the obstacles that SKI teachers may face in implementing cognitive learning in the independent curriculum are that it is difficult to identify students' interests and talents, because they are given freedom in learning. However, as a teacher, maximizing methods, techniques, and media is the main thing that must be considered so that learning objectives can be achieved.
Role of the Majlis Salawat wa Ta'lim in Enhancing Community Cohesion and Islamic Understanding at Raudlatul Ulum Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Romdloni Ahmad Faidly , Barizi Ahmad
Published: November 2024

This study explores the role of the Salawat wa ta'lim majlis at Raudlatul Ulum Islamic Boarding School in enhancing social cohesion among the surrounding community through increased Islamic understanding and love for the salawat. The majlis serves as a platform to strengthen the relationships between students, alums, and the community through routine activities involving the recitation of Surah Yaasiin, tahlil, salawat, and brief sermons. Using a qualitative approach, this study examines the majlis's role in instilling Islamic values and strengthening the spiritual bonds within the community. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, with key informants including leaders of the boarding school and majlis participants. The findings indicate that the majlis activities enhance the participants' religious understanding and strengthen social ties, motivating them to draw closer to Allah. Additionally, the recitation of salawat, particularly salawat Qiyam and Maulid Ad-Diba', positively impacts the spiritual well-being of the participants and fosters a more profound love for Prophet Muhammad.
Editorial de inauguração da Brazilian Journal of Radiation Technology Research
Authors: Monção Mauricio Mitsuo , Ribeiro Maroan Soraia Santos Navas , Da Cruz Débora Teixeira , Ferreira Alexsandro Eurípedes , De Oliveira Marcus Vinícius Linhares
Published: November 2024

Editorial DE INAUGURAÇÃO
    Inaugurar uma revista científica é uma realização coletiva, pois representa o esforço de pesquisadores das diversas áreas da ciência e inovação tecnológica, a fim de promover a comunicação e disseminação científica. Sendo assim, aplaudimos a Associação Brasileira de Tecnólogos em Radiologia (ABTER) pela decisão de lançar uma revista para publicação científica, de acesso aberto, oportunamente intitulada Brazilian Journal of Radiation Technology Research. De fato, ao longo das décadas, as ciências radiológicas vêm estabelecendo amplas aplicações para as políticas públicas de saúde e o bem-estar da vida no planeta Terra [1, 2]. Sendo assim, é fundamental a divulgação dos estudos científicos que apresentam conceitos atualizados e novas tecnologias em radiologia, como parte da solução dos problemas vivenciados pela sociedade.
Fatores que influenciam na execução de exames radiográficos: Como as novas tecnologias transformam a rotina clínica
Authors: Souto Débora Fernanda , De Paula Valnir , De Castro Kontze Ednéia
Published: November 2024

Atualmente o método de diagnóstico por radiografia conta com diferentes tecnologias como a radiografia convencional, radiografia computadorizada e radiografia digital. Com o passar do tempo, uma tecnologia substitui a outra, impactando a rotina de execução de exames, devido as especificidades de cada equipamento. O presente estudo têm por objetivo demonstrar fatores que impactam na conduta de execução de exames radiográficos por ocasião da substituição das tecnologias de detecção de imagens radiológicas. O trabalho se configura em um estudo bibliográfico, cuja pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados acadêmicos, utilizando diversas fontes bibliográficas pertinentes a temática. Assim, as tecnologias estudadas foram a radiografia convencional ou analógica, que utiliza um sistema de tela e filme para a detecção dos raios X e geração da imagem radiológica, a radiografia computadorizada, que utiliza placas de imagem (image plates) e a radiografia digital que utiliza placa eletrônica que converte diretamente o feixe de radiação em imagem digital. Os resultados demonstram que esses progressos tecnológicos, principalmente quando se substituem os sistemas de detecção, resultam na alteração de fatores inerentes aos protocolos de exames, visto que possuem características técnicas específicas com relação a quantidade de radiação necessária, tamanho de detectores, posicionamento do paciente, dose de radiação recebida pelo paciente e fluxo de trabalho. Considera-se a radiografia digital como a melhor opção para execução dos exames radiográficos, pois possibilita rápido fluxo de trabalho, edição das imagens e menores doses de radiação.
ANALISIS PENGARUH THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TERHADAP KINERJA PERAWAT MELALUI ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI
Authors: Pahriani Rika , Pratiwi Reski Dewi , Nuryadin Aftiyana Ameliya
Published: November 2024

Kinerja tenaga keperawatan masih menjadi perhatian utamanya di negara-negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, Philipina, Thailand dan Malaysia. Namun pada kenyataanya kinerja perawat di Indonesia masih cukup memprihatinkan dibandingkan dengan negara-negara ASEAN lainnya. Terjadinya penurunan kinerja perawat saat ini, berdampak pada rendahnya pelayanan kesehatan yang diterima masyarakat. Sehingga sebagian rumah sakit mengalami penurunan tingkat kunjungan pasien yang berdampak pada buruknya produktivitas rumah sakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh the big five personality terhadap kinerja perawat melalui OCB sebagai variabel mediasi di Rumah Sakit TK. II 14.05.01 Pelamonia Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional study. Penelitian ini dilakukan di ruang rawat inap dan ruang rawat jalan dengan sampel sebanyak 138 responden. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis jalur (path analysis). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh langsung secara signifikan antara the big five personality terhadap OCB, OCB terhadap kinerja perawat dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (<0,05). Tidak terdapat pengaruh secara signifikan antara the big personality terhadap kinerja perawat dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,374 (>0,05). Terdapat pengaruh the big five personality terhadap kinerja perawat melalui OCB sebagai variabel mediasi dengan  nilai signifikansi sebesar <0,000 (<0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa OCB berpengaruh penuh sebagai variabel mediasi antara the big five personality terhadap kinerja perawat.
Pengaruh Managemen Complain Terhadap Loyalitas Di Moderasi Dengan Kepuasan
Authors: Rauf Rabihatun , Rauf Rabihatun , Parenta Mappamiring
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Manajemen Complain terhadap loyalitas serta variaabel kepuasan dapat memoderasi variabel complain terhadap loyalitas pasien. Penelitian ini diadakan di Rumah Sakit Syech Yusuf sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 240 responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian pendekatan cross sectional study. Teknik analisis yang di gunakan adalah path  analysis dengan  menggunakas software WarpPls 7.0. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa variabel complain terhadap kepuasan berpengaruh positif dengan nilai path coeffisient nya sebesar 0.393  yang  jika  dipersentasikan  sebesar 39,3% dan nilai P-Value nya sebesar <0.001 yang menandakan variabel complain terhadap loyalitas berpengaruh signifikan dan variabel Kepuasan signifikan memoderasi pengaruh variabel manajemen complain terhadap loyalitas dengan nilai P- Value sebesar 0.001 serta berpengaruh positif dengan nilai path coeffisient 0.387 yang    apabila    dipersentasikan    sebesar 38,7%.
Effect of Combustion Chamber Volume and Engine Rotation on Temperature and Compression Pressure of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine
Authors: Prasetyo Sigit , Irawan Bambang
Published: November 2024

The effect of combustion chamber volume and engine rotation on the temperature and compression pressure of this single-cylinder diesel engine aims to convert the use of diesel fuel in diesel engines into gasoline fuel by utilizing high compression without using the help of spark plugs during ignition. The main focus of the study is to understand the effect of variations in combustion chamber volume and engine rotation on temperature and compression pressure in order to find optimal operating conditions. The General 170fd single-cylinder diesel engine was used as the object of research. The testing tools used include the TC-08 Thermocouple sensor module, the thermocouple sensor, and the pressure gauge to measure the temperature and compression pressure. The research was carried out using various gasket thicknesses, namely 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1.4mm, 1.6mm, and 1.8mm to vary the volume of the combustion chamber. The data collected was analyzed to determine the relationship between changes in the volume of the combustion chamber and engine rotation to the temperature and compression pressure. The results of the study are expected to provide insight into the ideal conditions for gasoline ignition in diesel engines without the use of spark plugs, as well as contribute to efforts to optimize the use of alternative fuels. The results of the experiment showed that variations in the volume of the combustion chamber and engine rotation had a significant impact on the temperature and compression pressure. The determination of the appropriate temperature and compression pressure is expected to improve the efficiency and performance of diesel engines when using gasoline fuel, thereby reducing operational costs and increasing the flexibility of engine use in various applications. This research makes an important contribution to the understanding of diesel engine modifications for gasoline fuel use, which can be applied without testing exhaust emissions, with a focus on ideal temperature and compression pressure.
Escalation of Actions of Endocrine Networks for Treating Triple Negative Breast Cancer with Greater Efficacy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kulvinder Kochar Kaur  , Gautam Nand Allahbadia
Published: November 2024

Earlier we had reviewed the detailed etiopathogenesis, treatment of BC,besidesupdate on management of triple negative breast cancer(TNBC) along with how dysregulated cholesterol metabolism including oxysterolswere implicated in the pathophysiology of breast cancer along with use that pathway for treating it,apart from ’using tocopherols/ phytosterols derived from Pequi(Caryocar brasiliansis Camb.) for complementing chemotherapy for BC treatment/alone or as new herbal therapy for improving 5year survival, and part of syndecans in pathogenesis&detailed Selective estrogen receptors modulators(SERM) & Selective estrogen receptors degraders(SERD’s)in avoiding post menopausal fractures &for BC therapy,As per the immunohistochemical categorized estrogen/ progesterone(P4) receptors decide the endocrine plausibility of the course of treatment of breast cancer. Possessing the properties of deficiency of estrogen receptor α,ERα negative breast cancer become detached from any kinds of endocrine regimens as far as the clinical scenario is concerned in routine specificallyin case of TNBC . Nevertheless, this paradigm got challenges by the fact that triple negative breast cancers continued to possess retention of sensitivity along with susceptibility to endocrine substances. The crosstalking of hormone effects program earlier unappreaciated was over time realized in addition to carcinogenic signaling, which were escalatingly examined.Correspondingly,the previously ignored endocrine reactiveness in ERα negative breast cancers garnered interest providing innovative therapeutic approach in an ERα independent manner.Here we summarize the genomic in addition to non genomic steroid hormone effects along with endocrine correlated signals in TNBC, accompanied by the tag of hormone insensitivity. Moreover, insight is provided over non classical mechanistic modes determined in usual hormone substances for illustrating their pleiotropic actions .Further we highlighted how modulating gut microbiota(GM)might enhance these actions.
Examining the Therapeutic Potential of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing in Spondyloarthritis: Efficacy of TNF Inhibitor Adalimumab
Authors: Robert Chanthavongsa  , Kelly Frasier  , Maryiam Hanoodi  , Pratikshya Thapa  , Vivian Li  , Julia Vinagolu-Baur  , Kenlee Jonas
Published: November 2024

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses a group of inflammatory rheumatic diseases characterized by axial and peripheral joint involvement, enthesitis, and extra-articular manifestations. Despite advancements in understanding the genetic and immunological underpinnings of SpA, current therapeutic options, including biologic therapies such as the TNF inhibitor adalimumab, primarily focus on symptom management and often show variable efficacy among patients. The advent of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology presents a revolutionary opportunity to directly modify genetic contributors to SpA, potentially transforming the therapeutic landscape and enhancing the efficacy of adalimumab. This review investigates the feasibility and implications of utilizing CRISPR-Cas9 for targeted gene editing in SpA to improve patient response to adalimumab. We review the current knowledge on genetic mutations and polymorphisms associated with SpA pathogenesis, focusing on key genes involved in immune regulation and inflammatory pathways targeted by adalimumab. By leveraging CRISPR-Cas9, we aim to explore how precise genetic modifications can optimize the molecular targets of adalimumab, thereby enhancing its efficacy and reducing refractory cases. Preliminary studies in animal models and cell cultures demonstrate promising results, showcasing the potential of CRISPR-Cas9 to correct genetic abnormalities and synergize with adalimumab to restore normal cellular functions and reduce inflammation. However, translating these findings into clinical applications requires addressing significant challenges, including delivery methods, off-target effects, and long-term safety. Future research directions include optimizing CRISPR-Cas9 delivery systems, such as viral vectors and nanoparticle-based approaches, to enhance specificity and efficiency in conjunction with adalimumab. Additionally, comprehensive preclinical studies and early-phase clinical trials are essential to evaluate the combined therapeutic potential and safety profile of CRISPR-Cas9 and adalimumab in human subjects with SpA. This pioneering approach not only holds the promise of groundbreaking treatments for SpA but also sets the stage for broader applications of gene editing in rheumatology. By targeting the genetic roots of rheumatic diseases and optimizing adalimumab interactions, CRISPR-Cas9 could offer a new era of precision medicine, offering more effective and durable therapeutic outcomes.
Analysis of Reversible Posterior Encephalopathy Syndrome in Relation to Various Pathologies: Series of Cases
Authors: Beda P. Terrazas Moreno  , Roberto Sanroman Tovar
Published: November 2024

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is an entity with signs and neurological symptoms hypothetically triggered by a vasogenic edema or endothelial dysfunction. Children debut clinically with headache, visual impairment, altered consciousness and epileptic seizures. This review shows a series of six patients with PRES associated with various pathologies. The cause may be secondary to the underlying pathology by one of the three different theories of the disease which are hypertension / hyperfunction, dysfunction in vasogenic self-regulation and endothelial dysfunction. In our sample, the female sex and school stage predominate as shown in other case reports.
Objective: Describe the presence of reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome associated with various pathologies.
A Study of Students Perception about Opportunity Cost of Virtual Learning: An Empirical Evidence from Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Siddiqa Ayesha
Published: November 2024

This study sheds light on students' preferences and perceptions regarding virtual learning, providing insights into why students might choose virtual learning over traditional or blended learning methods. By examining the opportunity cost associated with virtual learning, the study provides an economic perspective on education choices. This can help educators and students understand the trade-offs involved and make more informed decisions. For this purpose, primary data has been collected from the five districts of Punjab, Hafizabad, Faisalabad, Lahore, Jhang, and Sargodha through a self-made questionnaire. The sample size of the respondents is 392 students. The dependent variables are students' perception of virtual learning (SPVL) and perception of the opportunity cost of virtual learning (OCVL). Data analysis was done by using the binary logistic model and linear regression. The results of binary logistic models show that economics cost, unit cost, gender preferences, job career, and access to the internet are significant and add positive perception to the low opportunity cost of virtual learning while cost-effectiveness is insignificant. The results of the linear regression model show that the economics cost, unit cost, and education of the respondent are significant and add a positive perception to the low opportunity cost of virtual learning while gender and marital status are insignificant. A descriptive statistics summary is used for different socioeconomic variables and for different factors to review which factors or variables positively contribute to the perception of virtual learning and its opportunity cost and which negatively. The policy recommendation is that the government should concentrate on the importance of virtual learning and take necessary measures for this implementation.
Determinants of Exports from Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis
Authors: Haral Muhammad Arshad
Published: November 2024

This research study is conducted to find the major determinants of exports and to recommend the proper policies. In this study, six independent variables are used which are Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross Domestic Savings (GDS), Nominal Exchange Rate (NER), Gross Capital Formation (GCF), and Labor Force Participating Rate (LFPR). FDI, GDP, and GCF were found significant while GDS, NER, and LFPR were found insignificant. In previous studies the role of FDI remained unclear, some researchers found it positive but insignificant. However, in the present study, it is found positive and significant. Based on the present study, it is recommended that the government should take steps to invite foreign private investors so that FDI can be increased which will increase exports, and due to increased exports foreign reserves will increase, and the balance of payments will be improved.
Institutional Design, Efficiency and Due Process in Competition Enforcement: Lessons from Slovenia and Serbia
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Law, Smiljanić Veljko , Rihtar Kevin ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Law
Published: November 2024

The article compares the institutional designs and historic legacy of the Slovenian and Serbian competition enforcement framework, and discusses the advantages and drawbacks of each model. Slovenia implemented a mixed model, where the competition enforcement procedure is divided into functionally separate investigation and misdemeanour administrative procedures for the imposition of sanctions. The Slovenian model has generally been perceived as inefficient, with specific difficulties arising from the unclear relationship between the administrative and the misdemeanour procedures. On the other hand, Serbia significantly changed its institutional design in 2009 from its Austrian-inspired roots to a single administrative procedure. The new system appears to have been more effective, but strong judicial safeguards are necessary. The Authors further review the matter from a national and international point of view, considering the ECN+ Directive and the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and European Court of Human Rights.
Proper, transparent and just prioritization policy as a challenge for national competition authorities and prioritization of the Slovak NCA
Authors:   Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Law, Blažo Ondrej
Published: November 2024

The paper tries to establish some limits of the framework for prioritization policy in order to show that the NCAs are still bound by certain principles for setting their prioritization policies and are not completely independent or autonomous. In this context, priority setting by the Slovak NCA, surveillance of this process and evaluation of its credibility is analysed. The power to prioritize cases became a part of the ‘independence toolkit’ of the ECN+ Directive and is linked to effective use of limited resources. Despite including prioritization into the elements of independence of NCAs, the ECN+ Directive gives no further requirements for the prioritisation of the performance of enforcement powers of NCAs. Decisions regarding prioritization of enforcement can allow a NCA to focus on the most serious infringements of competition law. On the other hand, they can be challenged due to lack of transparency, arbitrariness, disproportionality and because of unequal treatment. Hence the prioritization policy, as well as individual decisions, shall be embedded into the framework safeguarding proper enforcement and due process of law. The legal framework of the European Commission for the system of rejection of cases as well as limited judicial review can serve as an inspiration for NCAs. Although NCAs are not restricted in the selection of their priorities, some competition infringements shall be inevitably included in their priorities, such as cartels and bid rigging. The case of Slovakia and its NCA shows a relatively low level of accountability of the Antimonopoly Office of the Slovak Republic (AMO) to the parliament, and judicial as well as parliamentary control of the prioritization and case selection of the AMO is limited.The paper concludes that within the reform of the Slovak NCA, it will be insufficient to only grant the AMO guarantees of independence, including independence of priority setting, and that mechanisms of accountability and review shall be evolved.
Has the Turning Point Been Missed? Exclusivity Payments Granted by Dominant Undertakings in the Light of the Enforcement Priorities Guidance
Authors:   Coca-Cola HBC Poland & Baltics, Krzyżewski Tomasz
Published: November 2024

For many years, exclusivity payments and its specific type – loyalty rebates – were treated by the European Commission (Commission) as restrictions by object. This approach has been gradually revised towards a more effect-based reasoning. In the Guidance on the Commission’s enforcement priorities in applying Article 82 of the EC Treaty to abusive exclusionary conduct by dominant undertakings (Guidance), the Commission demonstrated its willingness to follow the so-called ‘economic approach’. In particular, the Commission announced that for price-based exclusionary conduct the so-called ‘as-efficient competitor’ test (AEC test) is going to be used. This article aims to verify whether the Commission followed the Guidance in its assessment of exclusionary practices in two cases, Qualcomm and Google (Android), considered by the Author as an opportunity to make a move from a form-based to an economic-based approach. In his considerations, the Author provides proposals on how the practice of the Commission should be changed to ensure dominant undertakings are provided with a sufficient level of legal certainty.
Can Coordination Between the Producer and the Distributor in the Process of Calculating Prices and Their Structure in the Tariff Process Be Regarded as Legally Prohibited, Having Regard to the Provisions of Sectorial Regulation and the Regulatory Practice? Case Comment to Decision of the President of UOKiK of 3 December 2020, DOK-5/2020
Authors:   Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Warsaw, Elżanowski Filip
Published: November 2024

This is a case study analysis based on the decision No. DOK-5/2020 issued by the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (hereinafter: UOKiK) of 3 December 2020. The main part of the text will be devoted to the analysis of the scope of competences of the President of Energy Regulatory Office (hereinafter: URE) (the NRA) and the President of UOKiK (the NCA) regarding the regulation of heat prices (taking into account Polish and EU doctrine and jurisprudence). In contrast to other publications on the relationship between the competences of the President of URE and the President of UOKiK in supervising the heat market, the paper will focus on the following issues: the process of exchanging information between generators and distributors, the practice of tariff proceedings before the President of URE and the role of the President of UOKiK in the process of tariffing heat prices. The conclusion of the text will be that due to the provisions of Polish energy law, the role of the President of URE in the tariff process, the public nature of tariff applications and approved tariffs, no unauthorised coordination of information exchange between heating companies is possible. The thesis will be supported by de lege ferenda arguments.
DNA barcoding-based molecular profiling of Bougainvillea, Dianthus, and Plumeria using matK locus
Authors: Patel Nischay , Otieno Wesley Ochieng’ , Gawande Nilesh D. , Parmar Sourabh , H. N Karthik , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian
Published: November 2024

DNA barcoding, a robust tool for species identification, holds significant promise for enhancing authenticity and quality control in herbal and Ayurvedic medicines. The traditional methods, often time-consuming and impractical for industrial-scale applications, are complemented by DNA barcoding, which offers efficient and reliable plant species identification. However, the identification of the subspecies or variants within species is a difficult task and has challenges due to higher sequence similarity for marker genes and correct identification of variants. This research presents a comprehensive methodology for DNA barcoding in three variants of common medicinal plants, namely, Bougainvillea, Dianthus, and Plumeria, using the maturase K (matK) as a molecular marker. The sequenced matK regions with 500–700 bp size have a variability of approximately 1% to 2.7% among inter and intra-species variants, facilitating the easy identification of the species through high-quality barcodes. The sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that our sequences were clustered with the matK genes of closely related species. The two-dimensional barcodes generated for the nine inter and intra-species variants can be scanned easily. Our findings underscore the potential of DNA barcoding as a powerful tool for the identification and authentication of inter and intra-species variants over conventional means.
A Critical Analysis of Universal Employability Skills for International Students in Higher Education
Authors: Koseda Ellie , Cohen Ivan K. , McIntosh Bryan
Published: November 2024

For many years there has been growing emphasis in Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) on developing core employability skills among students, particularly in healthcare and business. Increasingly, employers’ demand technical skills and the need for graduates to be adaptable.
The integration of Universal Employability Skills (UES) into curricula has become essential as HEIs respond to deeper and complex dynamics in the global educational environment. The drive toward internationalisation is influenced by globalisation factors, creating a demand for graduates who
can operate effectively in diverse environments. HEIs face growing market competition compelling them to enhance their appeal to attract international students and maintain enrolment numbers amid changing demographics. The aim of this article is to critically evaluate UES and the competencies
required by international students to compete in a global market. The essential skills aligned with key graduate attributes and industry demands are examined, including evaluation of their relevance and effectiveness in preparing students for diverse challenges in the workplace. This critical
evaluation assesses the link between UES and the objectives of HEIs, identifying enhancements for integration into curricula. It offers recommendations to align essential skills with employability dimensions, ensuring graduates are better equipped to meet the demands of the global economy.
Understanding the Process of Persistence in Non-traditional Adult Education Students
Authors: Patton Stephanie N. , Hallam Pamela R. , Bowles W. Bryan , Calvert Isaac W.
Published: November 2024

In the state of Utah, adult education students often leave their programs before 100 hours of instruction, which can leave students without the necessary academic knowledge, skills, and credentials to move forward with postsecondary education and training or employment opportunities.
This phenomenological study examines the key factors of persistence in non-traditional students ages 25 and over in an urban adult education program who continued beyond 100 hours of instruction. A semi-structured interview protocol was used to interview 14 students about factors that caused
them to stay in an adult education program. The interviews with students examined dispositional, institutional, situational, and motivational factors through a student involvement lens. Findings of this study indicate that students who persist generally have high degrees of involvement. While
students had fears and concerns about engaging with adult education, the personnel and culture of the program helped them overcome their unease. Students also had a growth mindset that created expectations of discomfort and effort. Institutional factors such as allowing students to choose
the modality of instruction and schedule, having focused and relevant instruction, feeling seen, being treated with respect, communicating regularly with students, tracking progress, and providing quality instruction all helped students persist in the program. Students were motivated to persist
because of family and a personal desire to move forward. As programs intentionally impact the institutional factors identified in this study, students will be more likely to persist in adult education programs long enough to build the knowledge and skills necessary to find personal success
and sustainable employment.
PA28γ promotes the malignant progression of tumor by elevating mitochondrial function via C1QBP
Authors: Wang Jiongke , Shi Yujie , Wang Ying , Shen Yingqiang , Liu Huan , Sun Silu , Wang Yimei , Zhou Xikun , Zhou Yu , Zeng Xin , Li Jing , Chen Qianming
Published: November 2024

Proteasome activator 28γ (PA28γ) plays a critical role in malignant progression of various tumors, however, its role and regulation are not well understood. Here, using oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as main research model, we discovered that PA28γ interacted with complement 1q binding protein (C1QBP), which is dependent on the N-terminus of C1QBP rather than the known functional domain (amino acids 168-213). Notably, we found that PA28γ can enhance C1QBP protein stability in OSCC. Functionally, PA28γ contributes to the malignant progression of OSCC by affecting mitochondrial morphology and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) through C1QBP in vitro and vivo. Mechanically, PA28γ upregulate the expression of optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), mitofusin 2 (MFN1), mitofusin 2 (MFN2) and the mitochondrial respiratory complex by C1QBP. Moreover, in a clinical cohort of OSCC patients, PA28γ was positively correlated with C1QBP expression and negatively correlated with prognosis. Therefore, C1QBP is also a potential target for the treatment and prognosis of cancer.
In silico screening by AlphaFold2 program revealed the potential binding partners of nuage-localizing proteins and piRNA-related proteins
Authors: Shinichi Kawaguchi , Xin Xu , Takashi Soga , Kenta Yamaguchi , Ryuuya Kawasaki , Ryota Shimouchi , Susumu Date , Toshie Kai
Published: November 2024

Protein-protein interactions are the fundamental features for understanding the molecular functions and regulations of proteins. Despite extensive databases, many interactions remain uncharacterized due to the intensive labor required for experimental validation. In this study, we utilized the AlphaFold2 program to predict interactions among proteins localized in the nuage, a germline-specific non-membrane organelle critical for piRNA biogenesis and RNA regulation. We screened 20 types of nuage proteins for 1:1 interactions and predicted dimer structures. Among those, five pairs represented novel interaction candidates. Three pairs, including Spn-E_Squ, were validated through co-immunoprecipitation in cultured cells and confirmed the interactions. Disruption of the salt bridges at the Spn-E_Squ interface verified their functional importance, underscoring the predictive model’s accuracy. Our analysis was extended to include interactions between three representative nuage components, Vas, Squ, and Tej, and approximately 430 oogenesis-related proteins. Following this extended analysis, co-immunoprecipitation in S2 cells verified interactions for three pairs: Mei-W68_Squ, CSN3_Squ, and Pka-C1_Tej. Furthermore, the majority of
Drosophila
proteins, ∼12,000, were screened for the interaction with Piwi protein, a central player in the piRNA pathway. Approximately 1.5% of the pairs, totaling 164 pairs, with a score above 0.6, were identified as potential binding partners. This in silico approach not only efficiently identifies potential interaction partners but also significantly reduces the gap by facilitating the integration of bioinformatics and experimental biology.
Maf-family bZIP transcription factor NRL interacts with RNA-binding proteins and R-loops in retinal photoreceptors
Authors: Corso-Díaz Ximena , Liang Xulong , Preston Kiam , Tegshee Bilguun , English Milton A , Nellissery Jacob , Yadav Sharda Prasad , Marchal Claire , Swaroop Anand
Published: November 2024

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) perform diverse functions including the regulation of chromatin dynamics and the coupling of transcription with RNA processing. However, our understanding of their actions in mammalian neurons remains limited. Using affinity purification, yeast-two-hybrid and proximity ligation assays, we identified interactions of multiple RBPs with NRL, a Maf-family bZIP transcription factor critical for retinal rod photoreceptor development and function. In addition to splicing, many NRL-interacting RBPs are associated with R-loops, which form during transcription and increase during photoreceptor maturation. Focusing on DHX9 RNA helicase, we demonstrate that its expression is modulated by NRL and that the NRL-DHX9 interaction is positively influenced by R-loops. ssDRIP-Seq analysis reveals both stranded and unstranded R-loops at distinct genomic elements, characterized by active and inactive epigenetic signatures and enriched at neuronal genes. NRL binds to both types of R-loops, suggesting an epigenetically independent function. Our findings suggest additional functions of NRL during transcription and highlight complex interactions among transcription factors, RBPs, and R-loops in regulating photoreceptor gene expression in the mammalian retina.
Why the brown ghost chirps at night
Authors: Oboti Livio , Pedraja Federico , Ritter Marie , Lohse Marlena , Klette Lennart , Krahe Rüdiger
Published: November 2024

Since the pioneering work by Moeller, Szabo, and Bullock, weakly electric fish have served as a valuable model for investigating spatial and social cognitive abilities in a vertebrate taxon usually less accessible than mammals or other terrestrial vertebrates. These fish, through their electric organ, generate low-intensity electric fields to navigate and interact with conspecifics, even in complete darkness. The brown ghost knifefish is appealing as a study subject due to a rich electric “vocabulary”, made by individually variable and sex-specific electric signals. These are mainly characterized by brief frequency modulations of the oscillating dipole moment continuously generated by their electric organ, and are known as chirps. Different types of chirps are believed to convey specific and behaviorally salient information, serving as behavioral readouts for different internal states during behavioral observations. Despite the success of this model in neuroethology over the past seven decades, the code to decipher their electric communication remains unknown.To this aim, in this study we re-evaluate the correlations between signals and behavior offering an alternative, and possibly complementary, explanation for why these freshwater bottom dwellers emit electric chirps. By uncovering correlations among chirping, electric field geometry, and detectability in enriched environments, we present evidence for a previously unexplored role of chirps as specialized self-directed signals, enhancing conspecific electrolocation during social encounters.
Lineage-specific intersection of endothelin and GDNF signaling in enteric nervous system development
Authors: Poltavski Denise M , Cunha Alexander T , Tan Jaime , Sucov Henry M , Makita Takako
Published: November 2024

Two major ligand-receptor signaling axes – endothelin Edn3 and its receptor Ednrb, and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptor Ret – are required for migration of enteric nervous system (ENS) progenitors to the hindgut. Mutations in either component cause colonic aganglionosis, also called Hirschsprung disease. Here, we have used Wnt1Cre and Pax2Cre in mice to show that these driver lines label distinct ENS lineages during progenitor migration and in their terminal hindgut fates. Both Cre lines result in Hirschsprung disease when combined with conditional
Ednrb
or conditional
Ret
alleles. In vitro explant assays and analysis of lineage-labeled mutant embryos show that GDNF but not Edn3 is a migration cue for cells of both lineages. Instead, Edn3-Ednrb function is required in both for GDNF responsiveness albeit in different ways: by expanding the Ret
+
population in the Pax2Cre lineage, and by supporting Ret function in Wnt1Cre-derived cells. Our results demonstrate that two distinct lineages of progenitors give rise to the ENS, and that these divergently utilize endothelin signaling to support migration to the hindgut.