bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data mining and spatio-temporal characteristics of urban road traffic emissions: A case study in Shijiazhuang, China
Authors: Ren Lili , Guo Xuliang , Wu Jiangling , Singh Amit Kumar
Published: December 2023

Accurate estimation of traffic emissions and analysis of spatio-temporal distribution on urban roads play a crucial role in the development of low-carbon transportation system. Traditionally, a region’s emission characteristics have been studied using numerous emission models with GPS-based spatio-temporal data. Due to the heavy data processing needs of GPS-based data, emission characteristics for a large region have been studied by dividing the region into a limited number of smaller areas or units. Additionally, GPS data are based on a few vehicles in the traffic which does not fully reflect road conditions. This paper proposed an approach that can be used to study and calculate the spatio-temporal emission pattern of a region at a roadway section level by using Baidu’s online traffic data and COPERT model. The proposed method can be used to estimate road-level emission patterns while avoiding the impact of redundant data in large datasets, making the dataset more reliable, applicable, and scalable. The proposed approach has been demonstrated through a study of spatio-temporal emission patterns in the Qiaoxi district within city of Shijiazhuang, China. Online data crawling technology was used to obtain data on urban road traffic speed and driving distance. The linear reference technology was used to construct a two-layer road network model to conduct the coupling and matching of traffic data with the road network data. The COPERT model was implemented to calculate the average traffic emissions on each road in the road network, and a traffic emission intensity index was proposed to quantify the CO, VOC, NOx and CO2 emissions on urban roads in the study area. The analysis results show that the traffic emission intensity of the expressway, trunk road, secondary road, and branch road is high during the morning peak (7 AM-9 AM) and evening peak (5 PM—7 PM). The sections with higher traffic emission intensity are mainly concentrated on the main roads and secondary roads such as Jiefang South Street, Shitong Road and Xinhua Road. Nearly one-third of 2nd Ring and 3rd Ring roads also have relatively high emission intensity. The research results provide new ideas for estimating traffic emissions in urban road networks and analyzing the spatio-temporal distribution of traffic emissions. The research results can also provide a decision-making basis for traffic management departments to formulate energy-saving and emission-reduction measures and promote the development of urban green and low-carbon transportation.
Artificial physics engine for real-time inverse dynamics of arm and hand movement
Authors: Manukian Mykhailo , Bahdasariants Serhii , Yakovenko Sergiy
Published: December 2023

Simulating human body dynamics requires detailed and accurate mathematical models. When solved inversely, these models provide a comprehensive description of force generation that considers subject morphology and can be applied to control real-time assistive technology, for example, orthosis or muscle/nerve stimulation. Yet, model complexity hinders the speed of its computations and may require approximations as a mitigation strategy. Here, we use machine learning algorithms to provide a method for accurate physics simulations and subject-specific parameterization. Several types of artificial neural networks (ANNs) with varied architecture were tasked to generate the inverse dynamic transformation of realistic arm and hand movement (23 degrees of freedom). Using a physical model, we generated representative limb movements with bell-shaped end-point velocity trajectories within the physiological workspace. This dataset was used to develop ANN transformations with low torque errors (less than 0.1 Nm). Multiple ANN implementations using kinematic sequences solved accurately and robustly the high-dimensional kinematic Jacobian and inverse dynamics of arm and hand. These results provide further support for the use of ANN architectures that use temporal trajectories of time-delayed values to make accurate predictions of limb dynamics.
Symbiotic bacteria confer insecticide resistance by metabolizing buprofezin in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)
Authors: Zeng Bin , Zhang Fan , Liu Ya-Ting , Wu Shun-Fan , Bass Chris , Gao Cong-Fen
Published: December 2023

Buprofezin, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, is widely used to control several economically important insect crop pests. However, the overuse of buprofezin has led to the evolution of resistance and exposed off-target organisms present in agri-environments to this compound. As many as six different strains of bacteria isolated from these environments have been shown to degrade buprofezin. However, whether insects can acquire these buprofezin-degrading bacteria from soil and enhance their own resistance to buprofezin remains unknown. Here we show that field strains of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, have acquired a symbiotic bacteria, occurring naturally in soil and water, that provides them with resistance to buprofezin. We isolated a symbiotic bacterium, Serratia marcescens (Bup_Serratia), from buprofezin-resistant N. lugens and showed it has the capacity to degrade buprofezin. Buprofezin-susceptible N. lugens inoculated with Bup_Serratia became resistant to buprofezin, while antibiotic-treated N. lugens became susceptible to this insecticide, confirming the important role of Bup_Serratia in resistance. Sequencing of the Bup_Serratia genome identified a suite of candidate genes involved in the degradation of buprofezin, that were upregulated upon exposure to buprofezin. Our findings demonstrate that S. marcescens, an opportunistic pathogen of humans, can metabolize the insecticide buprofezin and form a mutualistic relationship with N. lugens to enhance host resistance to buprofezin. These results provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance and the interactions between bacteria, insects and insecticides in the environment. From an applied perspective they also have implications for the control of highly damaging crop pests.
The Toxoplasma protein phosphatase 6 catalytic subunit (TgPP6C) is essential for cell cycle progression and virulence
Authors: Liang Qin-Li , Nie Lan-Bi , Elsheikha Hany M. , Li Ting-Ting , Sun Li-Xiu , Zhang Zhi-Wei , Wang Meng , Fu Bao-Quan , Zhu Xing-Quan , Wang Jin-Lei
Published: December 2023

Protein phosphatases are post-translational regulators of Toxoplasma gondii proliferation, tachyzoite-bradyzoite differentiation and pathogenesis. Here, we identify the putative protein phosphatase 6 (TgPP6) subunits of T. gondii and elucidate their role in the parasite lytic cycle. The putative catalytic subunit TgPP6C and regulatory subunit TgPP6R likely form a complex whereas the predicted structural subunit TgPP6S, with low homology to the human PP6 structural subunit, does not coassemble with TgPP6C and TgPP6R. Functional studies showed that TgPP6C and TgPP6R are essential for parasite growth and replication. The ablation of TgPP6C significantly reduced the synchronous division of the parasite’s daughter cells during endodyogeny, resulting in disordered rosettes. Moreover, the six conserved motifs of TgPP6C were required for efficient endodyogeny. Phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that ablation of TgPP6C predominately altered the phosphorylation status of proteins involved in the regulation of the parasite cell cycle. Deletion of TgPP6C significantly attenuated the parasite virulence in mice. Immunization of mice with TgPP6C-deficient type I RH strain induced protective immunity against challenge with a lethal dose of RH or PYS tachyzoites and Pru cysts. Taken together, the results show that TgPP6C contributes to the cell division, replication and pathogenicity in T. gondii.
Framing Agnes, Chase Joynt (dir.) (2022), Canada: Fae Pictures and Level Ground
Authors: Sturgess Cyd
Published: December 2023

Review of: Framing Agnes, Chase Joynt (dir.) (2022), Canada: Fae Pictures and Level Ground
Editorial
Authors: Daichendt Rachel K.
Published: December 2023

This editorial abstract gives context for double Special Issue 11.2&3 of Visual Inquiry (VI) focuses on the content of the artist–philosopher, aesthetics and education.
Structural and morphogenetic features of Erythronium L. (Liliaceae) fruits
Authors: Iovlev P. S. , Bobrov A. V. , Timchenko A. S.
Published: December 2023

The Lilioideae fruits are loculicidal capsules, with a large number of seeds, which are in most cases anemochorous. Gagea and Erythronium are characterized by a greater degree of endosperm development compared to the rest of the Lilioideae and indicating myrmecochoria elaiosomes on the seeds. To identify the structural features of the fruits of myrmecochore Lilioideae and to determine the morphogenetic patterns of the their fruits development, anatomical structure of the ovary wall and the pericarp of Erythronium species were studied with light microscopy method. A large number of cavities in the pericarp of the Erythronium species have been identified. The morphogenetic pattern of the presence of these cavities is the saving of resources for the development of pericarp due to the formation of elaiosomes in seeds, which is more energy- and resource-intensive compared to the production of anemochorous seeds.
Growth parameters and leaf functional traits of birch trees regenerating at the ash dump of the Verkhnetagilskaya power station
Authors: Kalashnikova I. V. , Migalina S. V.
Published: December 2023

Growth parameters and leaf functional traits were studied in Betula pendula Roth and Betula pubescens Ehrh. naturally regenerating at the ash dump of the Verkhnetagilskaya power station (Sverdlovsk region), as well as in the forest stand adjacent to the ash dump. The growth parameters (trunk height and diameter) of the trees at the ash substrate and in the forest cenosis had close values, and the distribution of birches according to the relative height of the trunk indicated their sustainable development at the ash dump. Changes in leaf parameters manifested in a significant increase in thickness and a decrease in the bulk density of the leaf blade were found in the trees growing at the ash dump. Leaf size, shape, and specific mass area (LMA) did not depend on the growing conditions of the trees. It was concluded that the adaptation of birch trees to nitrogen deficiency is based on changes in leaf parameters, aimed at maintaining the rate of photosynthesis providing sustainable growth of trees in unfavorable edaphic conditions.
Analysis of the flora of woody plants in the Reserve Park of the Siberian Botanical Garden of TSU
Authors: Okuneva A. N. , Chernova O. D. , Zalina A. I. , Machkinis E. Yu.
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results of the analysis of the flora of woody plants in the Reserve Park of the Siberian Botanical Garden of Tomsk State University. In the course of this study, taxonomic, geographical, ecological and biomorphological analyzes of the tree assortment of the park were carried out. The list of flora of the Reserve Park includes 126 species of woody plants belonging to 27 families and 57 genera. The largest families in terms of number of species are Rosaceae (26 %) and Salicaceae (11 %). In the park, angiosperms significantly predominate over gymnosperms. The most represented are species with East Asian (33.3 %), Eurasian (26.2 %) and North American (13.5 %) ranges. There are few Central Asian species (2.4 %). Introduced tree species (68 %) prevail over local Siberian species (32 %). Mesophytes account for a significant part of the park’s woody vegetation (64 %), hydromesophytes (32 %) and xeromesophytes (4 %) are less numerous. Woody plants of the park are mainly shade-tolerant (55 %) or light-loving (44 %). The park is dominated by upstanding shrubs (60 %), forest type trees account for 20 % of the total number of species, most of them are deciduous species. Upstanding shrubs with an East Asian habitat are included in the most numerous group of woody plants (22 % of the total number of species).
Performance of Prediction Models for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in General Population: A Systematic Review and External Validation Study
Authors: Jiang Hao , Chen Ru , Li Yanyan , Hao Changqing , Song Guohui , Hua Zhaolai , Li Jun , Wang Yuping , Wei Wenqiang
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Prediction models for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) need to be proven effective in the target population before they can be applied to population-based endoscopic screening to improve cost-effectiveness. We have systematically reviewed ESCC prediction models applicable to the general population and performed external validation and head-to-head comparisons in a large multicenter prospective cohort including 5 high-risk areas of China (Fei Cheng, Lin Zhou, Ci Xian, Yang Zhong, and Yan Ting).

METHODS:

Models were identified through a systematic review and validated in a large population-based multicenter prospective cohort that included 89,753 participants aged 40–69 years who underwent their first endoscopic examination between April 2017 and March 2021 and were followed up until December 31, 2022. Model performance in external validation was estimated based on discrimination and calibration. Discrimination was assessed by C-statistic (concordance statistic), and calibration was assessed by calibration plot and Hosmer-Lemeshow test.

RESULTS:

The systematic review identified 15 prediction models that predicted severe dysplasia and above lesion (SDA) or ESCC in the general population, of which 11 models (4 SDA and 7 ESCC) were externally validated. The C-statistics ranged from 0.67 (95% confidence interval 0.66–0.69) to 0.70 (0.68–0.71) of the SDA models, and the highest was achieved by Liu et al (2020) and Liu et al (2022). The C-statistics ranged from 0.51 (0.48–0.54) to 0.74 (0.71–0.77), and Han et al (2023) had the best discrimination of the ESCC models. Most models were well calibrated after recalibration because the calibration plots coincided with the x = y line.

DISCUSSION:

Several prediction models showed moderate performance in external validation, and the prediction models may be useful in screening for ESCC. Further research is needed on model optimization, generalization, implementation, and health economic evaluation.
The typology of countryside architectonical forms in South-Moravia, a region of Czechia
Authors: Lešková Andrea , Vaishar Antonín
Published: December 2023

This article focuses on the typology of countryside architectonical forms in the region of South-Moravia in southeastern Czechia and on the expression of village identity through architecture in case study villages. Original folk architecture has been altered by new types of constructions built in rural areas since the 1950s, followed by a more recent wave of new architectural forms that have developed since the 1990s. The number of architectural types in case study villages was predominantly calculated using the panoramic sceneries on mapy.cz. The coefficients of countryside identity were allocated to architectural types based on basic folk house features. The value of countryside identity is higher in smaller villages except for suburbanized settlements of the regional capital of Brno.
Active Labour Market Policies: What Works for the Long-Term Unemployed?
Authors: Eppel Rainer , Huemer Ulrike , Mahringer Helmut , Schmoigl Lukas
Published: December 2023

There is still a lack of knowledge on how to effectively help the long-term unemployed into employment. We evaluate a wide range of active labour market policies for this target group, using a dynamic matching approach. Measures vary considerably in the extent to which they improve labour market prospects. Human capital-intensive training programs that substantially enhance vocational skills and employment programs are most effective, short activating job search training the least. Our results suggest that not only wage subsidies in the private sector, but also direct job creation in the public and non-profit sectors can work, if properly designed.
Machine learning-based delta check method for detecting misidentification errors in tumor marker tests
Authors: Seok Hyeon Seok , Choi Yuna , Yu Shinae , Shin Kyung-Hwa , Kim Sollip , Shin Hangsik
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Misidentification errors in tumor marker tests can lead to serious diagnostic and treatment errors. This study aims to develop a method for detecting these errors using a machine learning (ML)-based delta check approach, overcoming limitations of conventional methods.

Methods

We analyzed five tumor marker test results: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). A total of 246,261 records were used in the analysis. Of these, 179,929 records were used for model training and 66,332 records for performance evaluation. We developed a misidentification error detection model based on the random forest (RF) and deep neural network (DNN) methods. We performed an in silico simulation with 1 % random sample shuffling. The performance of the developed models was evaluated and compared to conventional delta check methods such as delta percent change (DPC), absolute DPC (absDPC), and reference change values (RCV).

Results

The DNN model outperformed the RF, DPC, absDPC, and RCV methods in detecting sample misidentification errors. It achieved balanced accuracies of 0.828, 0.842, 0.792, 0.818, and 0.833 for AFP, CA19-9, CA125, CEA, and PSA, respectively. Although the RF method performed better than DPC and absDPC, it showed similar or lower performance compared to RCV.

Conclusions

Our research results demonstrate that an ML-based delta check method can more effectively detect sample misidentification errors compared to conventional delta check methods. In particular, the DNN model demonstrated superior and stable detection performance compared to the RF, DPC, absDPC, and RCV methods.
Enhanced supercapacitive performance of electrophoretically deposited nanostructured molybdenum-doped Mn3O4 thin films
Authors: Patil Tanaji S. , Kamble Raviraj S. , Patil Rahul B. , Takale Mansing V. , Gangawane Satish A.
Published: December 2023

Nanostructured molybdenum (Mo)-doped Mn3O4 thin films were successfully deposited on stainless steel substrates by a facile electrophoretic deposition technique. The effect of Mo doping on the structural and supercapacitive properties of Mn3O4 thin films was investigated. The nanostructured morphology of spinel tetragonal Hausmannite Mn3O4 thin films was elucidated with the help of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman studies. The presence of mesopores in the nanostructure with an average pore size of 41 nm was confirmed by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller studies. The different valence states of Mn and Mo are confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The symmetrical quasi-rectangular-shaped cyclic voltammetry curves without any redox peak and nearly triangular/symmetric galvanostatic charge–discharge curves for Mn3O4 thin films elucidated the pseudocapacitive behavior. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that pure and Mo-doped Mn3O4 thin films have lower resistances. Improved supercapacitive performance of 2 % Mo-doped Mn3O4 thin film was confirmed by higher specific capacitance 497 F g−1 at a current density of 1.6 A g−1. The boosted supercapacitive performance of Mo-doped Mn3O4 thin films has identified the outstanding incorporation of Mo ions into the Mn3O4 lattice.
Range augmentation of 16 × 60 GHz WDM RoFSO system in foggy & rainy weather
Authors: Kaur Kamaldeep , Nain Abhimanyu
Published: December 2023

The wavelength division multiplexed radio over free space optics (WDM RoFSO) system is a paramount candidate to provide extended range thus enabling efficient last mile connectivity. But the conventional design is unable to transmit the information up to larger distances under harsh climate conditions. An improved 16 channel WDM-RoFSO system is proposed and simulated which yields quality transmission for extended range under the attenuation of 5.8 dB/km, 7.7 dB/km, 9.2 dB/km and 26 dB/km for foggy and rainy conditions respectively. A radio frequency (RF) signal of 60 GHz is modulated over an optical signal carrier and successfully transported with cumulative 16 × 10 Gbps bit rate up to 3.75 km in foggy environment. The link range is augmented by 1.65 km, 0.9 km, 1.8 km & 1 km for light fog, moderate fog, moderate rainfall and heavy rainfall conditions respectively.
Reconsidering the Chaîne Opératoire: At the Crossroad Between People and Materials
Authors: Porqueddu Marie-Elise , Sciuto Claudia , Lamesa Anaïs
Published: December 2023

This article is an introductory contribution to our Special Issue Reconsidering the Chaîne Opératoire: Towards a Multifaceted Approach to the Archaeology of Techniques. The chaîne opératoire is a central and fundamental concept for archaeological studies that has been fully appropriated and repurposed by several generations of researchers. In this paper, we would like to present some of the points discussed and illustrated by the various articles in this special issue. The aim is to highlight theoretical and practical considerations in various fields, with a diachronic focus. From the biographical approach to the study of artefacts to the challenges of interdisciplinarity through cognitive and sensory approaches, the theoretical discussion is rich and innovative, acknowledging that the chaîne opératoire can be used as a tool for deciphering the complex network of artefacts, environments, and societies of the past and present.
Green transformation in the health sector and medical laboratories, adaptation to climate change in Türkiye
Authors: Aykal Güzin
Published: December 2023

Societal habits’ continuation is expected to result in severe consequences for climate change, causing significant environmental damage and humanitarian crises. Sustainability, defined as meeting present needs without compromising future generations, balances environment, equity, and economy. Türkiye, a middle-income developing country, has committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2053 under the United Nations’ framework. The construction sector is increasingly adopting eco-friendly practices, emphasizing green buildings and structures. Several green hospital certification systems, including BREEAM, LEED, and Australian Green Star, are now in use, with around 20 certified “green hospitals” in Türkiye. The “Zero Waste Project” initiated in Türkiye aims to reduce waste generation and resource usage efficiently. Recent efforts have focused on sustainability in high-carbon footprint medical laboratories, however, an international standard has not been established yet. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine federations have established working groups on the subject. Universities and nonprofits worldwide offer green laboratory certificate programs covering energy conservation, green chemistry, waste management, and water conservation. Laboratories’ sustainability efforts encompass inventory management, green purchasing, test request reduction, greenhouse gas management, efficient building design, transportation choices, carbon footprint calculations, and education. The guides published in Türkiye are “Health Institutions Wastewater/Liquid Waste Management Handbook” and “Guide for Laboratory and Dialysis Wastes”. Türkiye’s Ministry of Health introduced the “Rational Test Request Procedure” to enhance diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness by reducing unnecessary tests. Collective efforts are essential to raise awareness and implement precautions, particularly in high-carbon footprint medical laboratories, addressing climate change and sustainability challenges in the healthcare sector.
Comparison of lignocellulosic enzymes and CAZymes between ascomycetes (Trichoderma) and basidiomycetes (Ganoderma) species: a proteomic approach
Authors: Shankar Akshay , Jain Kavish Kumar , Kuhad Ramesh Chander , Sharma Krishna Kant
Published: December 2023

Wood decomposing ascomycetes and basidiomycetes group of fungi are the most valuable microbes on the earth’s ecosystem that recycles the source of carbon; therefore, they are essential for the biorefinery industries. To understand the robustness of the enzymes and their metabolic pathways in the fungal system, label-free quantification of the total proteins was performed. The fungi showed a comparable quantity of protein abundance [Trichoderma citrinoviride (285), Thermoascus aurantiacus (206), Ganoderma lucidum MDU-7 (102), G. lucidum (242)]. Differentially regulated proteins of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes were analyzed, and their heatmap shows upregulated and downregulated proteins [25 differentially expressed proteins in T. citrinoviride (8.62 % up-regulated and 91.37 % down-regulated) and G. lucidum (5.74 % up-regulated and 94.25 % down-regulated)] by using the normalized peptide-spectrum match (PSMs) and log2fold change. These proteins were similarly matched to the carbohydrate active enzymes family (CAZymes) like glycoside hydrolase (GH family), carbohydrate-binding module (CBM family) with auxiliary activities, and also involved in the hydrolysis of carbohydrate, lignin, xylan, polysaccharides, peptides, and oxido-reductase activity that helps in antioxidant defense mechanism. The lignocellulolytic enzymes from two different divisions of fungi and proteomics studies gave a better understanding of carbon recycling and multi-product lignocellulosic biorefinery processes.
Eccentric Force-Velocity-Load Relationship in Trained Rugby Union Athletes
Authors: McNeill Conor , Beaven C. Martyn , McMaster Daniel T. , Ward Patrick , Gill Nicholas
Published: December 2023

McNeill, C, Beaven, CM, McMaster, DT, Ward, P, and Gill, N. Eccentric force-velocity-load relationship in trained rugby union athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—The force-velocity relationship is traditionally believed to resemble a hyperbolic shape, known as the “force-velocity curve.” However, there is less evidence regarding this relationship during eccentric muscle action in multijoint isotonic exercise, especially in applied settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the force-velocity-load relationship in an incremental eccentric back squat test. In addition, 37 professional male rugby union athletes were recruited to participate. Separate generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze the effect of barbell load on relative eccentric peak force (REPF), relative eccentric mean force (REMF), eccentric peak velocity (EPV), and eccentric mean velocity (EMV). A significant effect of load (p < 0.05) was observed for each of the eccentric variables tested. Each increase in barbell load tended to result in a linear increase in REMF and a decrease in EMV and EPV; however, we observed a plateauing effect for REPF as load increased. These results show that for “peak” variables lighter loads produced similar magnitudes of force, but generally moved at higher velocities than heavier loads. These observations suggest that the eccentric force-velocity-load relationship may vary depending on the parameters used. Quantifying rapid, multijoint eccentric performance is justified as it seems to provide valuable insight into individual athletic capability and training program design. Further research may investigate the responsiveness of the qualities to training and the causal nature of eccentric characteristics and athletic performance.
External Load Fluctuations Across an Amateur Athletic Union Basketball Season
Authors: Kutson Constantine W. , Russell Jennifer L. , Strack Donnie , Coutts Aaron J. , McLean Blake D.
Published: December 2023

Kutson, CW, Russell, JL, Strack, D, Coutts, AJ, and McLean, BD. External load fluctuations across an Amateur Athletic Union basketball season. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) competitions are an important component of the developmental pathway for youth basketball athletes. Despite its relative importance, there is currently a paucity of research investigating the physical demands in AAU basketball. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the physical demands encountered over the course of an AAU basketball season. External training load was quantified using inertial sensors (Catapult T6) from one male AAU basketball team (age: 17.5 ± 0.5 years, height: 197.3 ± 10.0 cm, and mass: 89.4 ± 11.6 kg) over the course of the 2021 AAU season and categorized post hoc into high-, medium-, and low-minute groups based on mean playing minutes. After player categorization, 2 linear mixed models were constructed, one for PlayerLoad (PL) and one for duration, to examine the differences across player category, month of the season, and activity types (practices or games). The results show that the highest training loads were encountered by high-minute players, who had total PLs of 9,766 ± 1,516 AU, 13,207 ± 2,561 AU, and 7,071 ± 2,122 AU during April, May, and June, respectively. Highly variable training loads were also evident over the course of a season, with peak PL values as high as 4,921 AU per week. Practitioners should be aware that AAU basketball players experience variable loads throughout the season, which peak around congested competition/tournament periods. In addition, players with high game minutes accumulate the most load over the course of a season. This information may be used to better inform planning and periodizing strategies during developmental phases.
Moderators of Resistance Training Effects in Healthy Young Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Molinari Talita , Radaelli Régis , Rech Anderson , Brusco Clarissa M. , Markarian Anna Maria , Lopez Pedro
Published: December 2023

Molinari, T, Radaelli, R, Rech, A, Brusco, CM, Markarian, AM, and Lopez, P. Moderators of resistance training effects in healthy young women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—To systematically review and analyze the effects of resistance-based exercise programs and potential moderators of change in body fat percentage, whole-body fat and lean mass, muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength, and muscle power/rapid force in healthy young women (between 18 and 35 years). A systematic search was undertaken in 7 databases from inception to May 2022. Eligible randomized controlled trials examined the effects of resistance-based exercise programs on outcomes of interest in healthy young women. Meta-analysis was undertaken with a 3-level mixed-effects model. Associations between standardized mean difference (SMD) and potential moderators (number of sessions, weekly volume, and intensity) were tested by meta-regression models. Statistical significance was set at an α level of 0.05, whereas an α level of 0.05–0.10 was also considered for potential moderators of resistance training effects. Forty articles (n = 1,312) were included. Resistance-based exercise programs resulted in a significant improvement of 0.4 SMD (95% confidence intervals [95% CI]: 0.2 to 0.5, p < 0.001) in lean mass/muscle hypertrophy and 1.2 SMD (95% CI: 0.9 to 1.5, p < 0.001) in muscle strength. A higher number of sessions was associated with changes in lean mass/muscle hypertrophy (β = 0.01 ± 0.00, p = 0.009), whereas a higher weekly volume approached statistical significance to moderate changes in muscle strength (β = 0.01 ± 0.01, p = 0.053). Body fat percentage (−0.4 SMD, 95% CI: −0.6 to −0.1, p = 0.006) and muscle power/rapid force (0.6 SMD, 95% CI: 0.2 to 1.1, p = 0.011) were significantly improved. In conclusion, a higher resistance training volume was associated with greater improvements in lean mass/muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength, and body fat percentage, whereas muscle power/rapid force improvements were observed irrespective of prescription characteristics. These findings may help in designing resistance training programs for muscle hypertrophy, strength and power, and body fat percentage in healthy women.
Match Exposure, Consecutive Match Number, and Recovery Days Affect Match Running During International Women's Soccer Tournaments
Authors: Brown Georgia A. , Massard Tim , Wignell Tony , McCall Alan , Duffield Rob
Published: December 2023

Brown, G, Massard, T, Wignell, T, McCall, A, and Duffield, R. Match exposure, consecutive match number, and recovery days affect match running during international women’s soccer tournaments. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—To determine the influence of tournament-specific factors (match exposure, consecutive matches, and days between matches) on match running in women's international soccer players (footballers), 28 players from 1 national team were observed over 4 international tournaments using 10 Hz global positioning system units. Linear mixed models with a forward selection approach were used to analyze the collective effect of tournament-specific factors of match exposure (playing time), consecutive matches (count), days between matches (count) and time on pitch on relative (min−1) match running metrics (total distance, high-speed running, very high-speed running, accelerations, and decelerations), and the change in these metrics between halves. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Days between matches were included in the final models for total distance (p < 0.0001), high-speed running (p = 0.002), very high-speed running (p = 0.025), and change in accelerations (p < 0.0001) and decelerations (p = 0.002). Prior match exposure was included in the models for total distance (p = 0.021), change in total distance (p < 0.0001), and change in high-speed running (p = 0.0008). Consecutive match number was included in the model for deceleration (p = 0.030), change in very high-speed running (p = 0.016), change in acceleration (p < 0.0001), and change in deceleration (p < 0.0001). Time on pitch was included in the final total distance (p = 0.044), high-speed running (p < 0.0001), acceleration (p < 0.0001), and deceleration (p = 0.0003) models. Overall, reduced match running throughout tournaments was associated with increased time on pitch and ≤3 days between matches. Increasing match exposure and more time between matches minimizes reductions in match running between halves. Practitioners can use these variables to inform player monitoring during international soccer tournaments and on return to clubs.
Vertical Versus Horizontal Training for Improving the Change of Direction Speed in Adult Basketball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Barrera-Domínguez Francisco J. , Martínez-García Dario , Jerez-Mayorga Daniel , Chirosa-Ríos Luís Javier , Almagro Bartolomé J. , Molina-López Jorge
Published: December 2023

Barrera-Domínguez, FJ, Martínez-García, D, Jerez-Mayorga, D, Chirosa-Ríos, LJ, Almagro, BJ, and Molina-López, J. Vertical versus horizontal training for improving the change of direction speed in adult basketball players: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—The ability to perform changes of direction (COD) is a complex skill that involves the application of multiple force-orientations, and its execution at maximum speed is crucial in basketball players. The present study aimed to synthesize findings from previous interventions classified according to force-orientation (vertical, horizontal, or mixed) and determine their magnitude of the effect on COD performance in basketball players. A systematic review of the literature was performed in several databases (Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed) following the PRISMA statement and reviewed the quality of the included papers according to the Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines Assessment. Sixteen articles with a total of 21 reports were included to analyze the role of force-orientations in COD performance. For the meta-analysis, the standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to determine the chronic changes induced by training and performed an effect size (ES) analysis with a random-effects model. The results showed that all force-orientations generated improvements in COD performance (ES = −0.47 [95% CI −0.57, −0.36], Z = 8.74 [p < 0.01]). It was a mixed force-orientation that produced the greatest changes (ES = −0.91 [95% CI −1.27, −0.55], Z = 4.96 [p < 0.01]), followed by vertical training (ES = −0.45 [95% CI −0.70, −0.20], Z = 3.51 [p < 0.01]). Horizontal training was the least studied and showed the smallest change (ES = −0.10 [95% CI −0.14, −0.07], Z = 5,71 [p < 0.01]). This meta-analysis demonstrates that mixed vertical and horizontally oriented training may be the most optimal because it offers a greater variety of multidirectional stimuli that better prepares the athlete to deal with complex COD in real-game situations.
Concurrent Validity and Reliability of In-Field Vertical Jump Performance Measures on Sand Surfaces
Authors: Wirtz Svenja , Julian Ross , Schmale Rieke , Eils Eric
Published: December 2023

Wirtz, S, Julian, R, Schmale, R, and Eils, E. Concurrent validity and reliability of in-field vertical jump performance measures on sand surfaces. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—Beach sports, such as handball, volleyball, and soccer, involve dynamic actions, primarily jumps. Nonetheless, there is a need for more established measurement devices that are both valid and feasible in accurately evaluating jumping performance on sand surfaces. This study aims to assess the reliability and concurrent validity of MyJump2 and an inertial measurement unit (VERT) for quantifying countermovement jump performance on the sand. Twenty-one subjects performed 5 countermovement jumps on the sand. Jumping height was measured simultaneously by a force plate, VERT, and MyJump2. The VERT and MyJump2 reliability measures were evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for both absolute agreement (ICC2,1) and consistency (ICC3.1). The day-to-day reliability of both devices and the interrater and intrarater reliability of the MyJump2 were assessed. The concurrent validity of the VERT and MyJump2 was assessed using ICCs2.1, 3.1 and Bland-Altman plots. A near-perfect agreement was seen for intrarater (ICC = 0.98) and interrater (ICC = 0.98) reliability of the MyJump2. Moreover, a near-perfect agreement was also observed when comparing the MyJump2 with the force plate (ICC = 0.92), with a mean bias of −2.31 cm. The VERT device only demonstrated a moderate agreement (ICC = 0.55) with a mean bias of 6.31 cm compared with the force plate, despite showing good day-to-day reliability (ICC = 0.79). The study's results indicate that MyJump2 is valid and reliable for assessing jump heights on sand surfaces, whereas VERT cannot be recommended.
The Countermovement Rebound Jump: Between-Session Reliability and a Comparison With the Countermovement and Drop Jump Tests
Authors: Xu Jiaqing , Turner Anthony , Comyns Thomas M. , Chavda Shyam , Bishop Chris
Published: December 2023

Xu, J, Turner, A, Comyns, TM, Chavda, S, and Bishop, C. The Countermovement rebound jump: between-session reliability and a comparison with the countermovement and drop jump tests. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—The countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) are widely used jump tests to evaluate an athlete's neuromuscular performance. Nevertheless, conducting both the CMJ and the DJ assessments during one testing session can demand a considerable time investment that practitioners or coaches might not always have available. This study investigated whether the countermovement rebound jump (CMRJ) could be considered a viable alternative to the CMJ and DJ tests, respectively. Thirty-three physically active students volunteered as subjects (age: 27.2 ± 5.9 years, height: 1.78 ± 0.8 cm, body mass: 77.5 ± 11.5 kg), with 18 jumps completed for each subject across 2 testing sessions. The jump height (JH) and strategy-based metrics (time to take-off [TTTO], countermovement depth [CM depth], and reactive strength index [RSI] modified for CMJ and the first jump of the CMRJ; leg stiffness [K
leg], ground contact time [GCT], and RSI for DJ and the second jump for the CMRJ) were calculated simultaneously via the impulse-momentum, flight time, double integration, and motion capture methods. All variables were examined by repeated-measures analysis of variance, 2-way random effects model intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), and standard error of measurement, with the significance set at p ≤ 0.05. All 3 jump tests showed good-to-excellent relative reliability (ICC = 0.79–0.98) and good-to-moderate CV (≤9.83), with the only exception being K
leg measured during the DJ and in the second jump of the CMRJ assessment (CV ≤ 16.01%). Of all measured metrics, significant differences were only observed regarding TTTO between jumps (p ≤ 0.027, effect size [ES] ≤ 0.49). The comparison of calculation methods indicated that the JH calculated by 4 methods were not significantly different between jump actions (p ≥ 0.254). These findings support the use of the CMRJ as a reliable alternative to the CMJ and DJ tests. However, practitioners should be mindful of using K
leg as a metric, whereas practitioners are also advised to allocate sufficient familiarization trials before implementing the CMRJ into their routine test batteries.
Combined Accentuated Eccentric Loading and Rest Redistribution in High-Volume Back Squat: Acute Kinetics and Kinematics
Authors: Chae Sungwon , Long S. Alexander , Lis Ryan P. , McDowell Kurt W. , Wagle John P. , Carroll Kevin M. , Mizuguchi Satoshi , Stone Michael H.
Published: December 2023

Chae, S, Long, SA, Lis, RP, McDowell, KW, Wagle, JP, Carroll, KM, Mizuguchi, S, and Stone, MH. Combined accentuated eccentric loading and rest redistribution in high-volume back squat: Acute kinetics and kinematics. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): 640–647, 2024—The purpose of this study was to explore acute kinetic and kinematic responses to combined accentuated eccentric loading and rest redistribution (AEL + RR). Resistance-trained men (n = 12, 25.6 ± 4.4 years, 1.77 ± 0.06 m, and 81.7 ± 11.4 kg) completed a back squat (BS) 1 repetition maximum (1RM) and weight releaser familiarization session. Three BS exercise conditions (sets × repetitions × eccentric/concentric loading) consisted of (a) 3 × (5 × 2) × 110/60% (AEL + RR 5), (b) 3 × (2 × 5) × 110/60% (AEL + RR 2), and (c) 3 × 10 × 60/60% 1RM (traditional sets [TS]). Weight releasers (50% 1RM) were attached to every first repetition of each cluster set (every first, third, fifth, seventh, and ninth repetition in AEL + RR 5 and every first and sixth repetition in AEL + RR 2). The AEL + RR 5 resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) greater concentric peak velocity (PV) (1.18 ± 0.17 m·s−1) and peak power (PP) (2,304 ± 499 W) compared with AEL + RR 2 (1.11 ± 0.19 m·s−1 and 2,148 ± 512 W) and TS (1.10 ± 0.14 m·s−1 and 2,079 ± 388 W). Furthermore, AEL + RR 5 resulted in significantly greater PV and PP across all 10 repetitions compared with TS. Although AEL + RR 5 resulted in significantly greater concentric mean force (MF) (1,706 ± 224 N) compared with AEL + RR 2 (1,697 ± 209 N) and TS (1,685 ± 211 N), no condition by set or repetition interactions existed. In conclusion, AEL + RR 5 increases PV and PP but has little effect on MF. Coaches might consider prescribing AEL + RR 5 to increase especially peak aspects of velocity and power outcomes.
Description of the Collective Behavior in Competition of Young Soccer Players Under-16 (U-16), Under-17 (U-17), Under-19 (U-19), and Under-23 (U-23), Considering the Areas of the Pitch and Phases of the Game
Authors: Nieto Sergio , Echeazarra Ibon , Errekagorri Ibai , Castellano Julen
Published: December 2023

Nieto, S, Echeazarra, I, Errekagorri, I, and Castellano, J. Description of the collective behavior in competition of young soccer players under-16 (U-16), under-17 (U-17), under-19 (U-19), and under-23 (U-23), considering the areas of the pitch and phases of the game. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): 714–723, 2024—The objective was to employ an integrated observational-notational record to describe collective behavior (CB) in competition matches of young soccer players from 4 teams, U-16, U-17, U-19, and U-23, playing for a professional soccer club academy. A total of 1,481 possessions were registered. Collective behavior, captured by GPS devices, was described with the variables: depth, surface area, stretch index, length, and width. In addition, from the notational analysis, the behavior depending on the area of the field (Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4) and ball possession (POS), nonball possession (nPOS), and set pieces phases were contextualized. A 2-tailed analysis of variance was applied to compare the CB of the teams. Results show that: (a) in all ages/categories, CB varied significantly in and without the possession of the ball and was conditioned by the area of the pitch where the ball was; (b) CB showed higher values with the ball and greater variability without it; and (c) depending on the age, CB presented differences with larger effect sizes in depth and length, in and without the possession of the ball, in Z1 and Z2. Integrating positional data to the moment of play and areas of the field could help a more accurate analysis of the competition to better understand the CB evolution of young soccer players.