bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enquête auprès des bénéficiaires de contrats aidés et d'une population témoin
Authors: Le Minez Sylvie , Lequien Laurent , Rémy Véronique
Published: May 2011

Résumé Cet article présente les premières exploitations d’une enquête en deux vagues de la Dares, menée fin 2008 et fin 2009 auprès de 7.000 demandeurs d’emploi recrutés en contrat aidé entre 2005 et 2007, et d’une population témoin de 6.000 demandeurs d’emploi inscrits à l’ANPE à la même date, soit au printemps 2005. L’enquête a été conçue afin de permettre des estimations par appariement ( matching ) de qualité et de mesurer l’effet du passage en contrat aidé sur toute une série d’ outcome , notamment la trajectoire professionnelle, la qualité des emplois occupés, mais aussi les conditions de vie et la situation personnelle. L’enquête comprend, entre autres, de nombreuses variables permettant de capturer au mieux l’hétérogénéité inobservée des répondants, qui ne figurent habituellement pas dans les fichiers administratifs (le rapport aux études, les freins et atouts pour accéder à l’emploi, le parcours professionnel antérieur, l’environnement familial et les conditions de vie au moment de l’inscription à l’ANPE, l’état de santé, l’origine des parents ou encore la maîtrise de la langue...). Cet article commence par présenter l’enquête, ainsi que les éléments marquants de la trajectoire professionnelle entre 2005 et 2009 des salariés passés par un contrat aidé. Il propose ensuite pour chacun des quatre contrats étudiés (CIE, CAE, CAV, CI-RMA) une analyse des déterminants de la probabilité d’entrer dans ce contrat aidé, en vue d’un appariement sur la base d’un score de propension.
Des statistiques au cœur de la relation clients : l'accès aux « données clients », leur effet sur l'organisation du travail et les relations clients/vendeurs en boutique
Authors: Benedetto-Meyer Marie
Published: May 2011

Résumé À partir d’une enquête réalisée dans une entreprise de Télécommunications, l’article montre combien la volonté de recueillir des « données clients » est au cœur de choix organisationnels importants, qui orientent les règles et les modalités de relation avec les consommateurs. Ces choix ont pourtant des répercussions dommageables sur la compréhension des attentes des clients, les formes que prend la relation client elle-même ainsi que sur l’activité de travail des vendeurs en boutiques.
Détourner le contrôle ?
Authors: Guibert Gérôme
Published: May 2011

Résumé Dans un contexte qui cherche à réduire les dépenses et accroître les dispositifs d’évaluation des politiques publiques, la marge de manœuvre budgétaire des associations missionnées pour des actions d’intérêt général se restreint. À partir de données de terrain, on mettra en évidence comment la production d’outils de mesure a été développée par des fédérations d’acteurs impliquées dans les musiques actuelles. Ceci afin de gagner en reconnaissance, mais aussi, stratégiquement, pour chercher à relativiser le potentiel contrôle accru que ne manquerait pas de générer la nouvelle demande de quantification des activités et de production d’indicateurs statistiques.
Identification of a Functional Type IA Topoisomerase,LdTopIIIβ, from Kinetoplastid ParasiteLeishmania donovani
Authors: Banerjee Bijoylaxmi , Sen Nilkantha , Majumder Hemanta K.
Published: May 2011

DNA topoisomerases of kinetoplastids represent a family of DNA processing enzymes that essentially solve the topological problems not only in nuclear DNA but also in kinetoplast DNA. We have, for the first time, identified aLeishmania donovanihomologue of bacterial and eukaryotic IA type of topoisomerase III protein and termed asLdTopIIIβ. Complementation study of wild-type and mutantLdTopIIIβwith slow-growing topoisomerase III mutant yeastS. cerevisiaerevealed the functional conservation of the leishmanial counterpart of topoisomerase IIIβprotein, the 327 tyrosine being the active site amino acid. A C-terminal deletion construct ofLdTopIIIβcould not suppress the slow-growth phenotype of mutant yeast, indicating the requirement of C-terminal region for the enzyme functionin vivo.LdTopIIIβlocalized inside the nucleus and kinetoplast of the parasite. Taken together, our study indicates functional conservation and possible role ofLdTopIIIβin parasite DNA processing.
Does EEG Montage Influence Alzheimer′s Disease Electroclinic Diagnosis?
Authors: Trambaiolli L. R. , Lorena A. C. , Fraga F. J. , Kanda P. A. M. K. , Nitrini R. , Anghinah R.
Published: May 2011

There is not a specific Alzheimer′s disease (AD) diagnostic test. AD diagnosis relies on clinical history, neuropsychological, and laboratory tests, neuroimaging and electroencephalography. Therefore, new approaches are necessary to enable earlier and more accurate diagnosis and to measure treatment results. Quantitative EEG (qEEG) can be used as a diagnostic tool in selected cases. The aim of this study was to answer if distinct electrode montages have different sensitivity when differentiating controls from AD patients. We analyzed EEG spectral peaks (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands), and we compared references (Biauricular, Longitudinal bipolar, Crossed bipolar, Counterpart bipolar, and Cz reference). Support Vector Machines and Logistic Regression classifiers showed Counterpart bipolar montage as the most sensitive electrode combination. Our results suggest that Counterpart bipolar montage is the best choice to study EEG spectral peaks of controls versus AD.
Primary Pineal Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Cedeño Díaz Oderay Mabel , Garcia Leal Roberto , La Cruz Pelea Cesar
Published: May 2011

Primary pineal malignant melanoma is a rare entity, with only thirteen cases reported in the world literature to date. We report a case of a 70-year-old man, who consulted with gait disturbance of six months duration, associated in the last month with dizziness, visual abnormalities and diplopia. No other additional melanocytic lesions were found elsewhere. The magnetic resonance showed a 25 mm expansive mass in the pineal gland that was associated with hydrocephaly, ventricular and transependimary oedema. The lesion was partially excised by a supracerebellar infratentorial approach. The histological examination revealed a melanoma. The patient received radiation therapy, but died of disease 16 weeks later. We herein review the literature on this rare tumour and comment on its clinical, radiological and histopathological features and differential diagnosis.
Serum YKL-40 Levels in Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Itik Veyis , Kemik Ozgur , Kemik Ahu , Dulger A. Cumhur , Sümer Aziz , Soyoral Yasemin Usul , Begenik Huseyin , Purisa Sevim , Kotan Cetin
Published: May 2011

Aims and background

YKL-40 is secreted by several types of tumors. Increased serum YKL-40 levels have been reported in prostate, glioblastoma, breast and colorectal cancers. Determination of YKL-40 levels may serve as a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the serum YKL-40 levels expressed in gastric carcinomas.

Methods

Between 2009 and 2011, we retrospectively reviewed 100 patients with gastric cancer and compared their serum samples to 75 healthy volunteers. YKL-40 levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

We found significantly higher serum levels of YKL-40 in patients with gastric cancer compared to the healthy population ( P < 0.0001). We also found significant differences in serum YKL-40 levels between female and male patients with gastric cancer ( P < 0.01).

Conclusions

YKL-40 is over-expressed in gastric cancer, suggesting a more aggressive phenotype. YKL-40 may be a useful serum biomarker for gastric cancer identification, and future studies should focus on the role of YKL-40 in the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer and responsiveness toward treatment.
Advancing Reflective Practice: An Evaluation of an Observed Practice Workshop for Occupational Therapists and Physiotherapists
Authors: Morley Mary , Smith Jane , Petty Nicola
Published: May 2011

Introduction:

An action research study resulted in an observed practice programme to advance the reflective skills of occupational therapists and physiotherapists. Action research offered a way of drawing on practitioners' knowledge and experience.

Method:

The programme was introduced through a one-day workshop to occupational therapists and physiotherapists of varying levels of experience within a mental health organisation. A purpose-designed questionnaire was used to evaluate learning outcomes and to capture participants' response to the workshops.

Results and conclusion:

The evaluation confirmed that the workshop design did support participants in developing the skills and confidence to implement the observed practice programme.
Irish Occupational Therapists' Views of Electronic Assistive Technology
Authors: Verdonck Michele , McCormack Cathy , Chard Gill
Published: May 2011

Introduction:

Electronic assistive technology (EAT) includes computers, environmental control systems and information technology systems and is widely considered to be an important part of present-day life.

Method:

Fifty-six Irish community occupational therapists completed a questionnaire on EAT. All surveyed were able to identify the benefits of EAT.

Results:

While respondents reported that they should be able to assess for and prescribe EATs, only a third (19) were able to do so, and half (28) had not been able to do so in the past. Community occupational therapists identified themselves as havinga role in a multidisciplinary team to assess for and prescribe EAT.

Conclusion:

Results suggest that it is important for occupational therapists to have up-to-date knowledge and training in assistive and computer technologies in order to respond to the occupational needs of clients.
Mental Health Service Users' Perspectives of Work: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Blank Alison , Harries Priscilla , Reynolds Frances
Published: May 2011

Purpose:

Much of the literature about the meaning and experience of work for people with mental health problems is limited in the extent to which individual perspectives are represented, because the evidence derives from studies that are mainly quantitative in design. This literature review focused on qualitative studies, which sought to elicit the experiences of returning to work with a mental health problem.

Method:

An electronic search of the databases SCOPUS, CINAHL and PsycINFO was carried out. Papers with a publication date between December 1989 and December 2009 were sought. This time period was chosen to reflect the developments in approaches to vocational rehabilitation that have developed during the last 20 years.

Findings:

The findings indicate that work holds multiple meanings for people with mental health problems, that there are advantages and disadvantages to working, and that many barriers to work exist. The crucial nature of support for the individual in accessing employment is emphasised, and what users want from supportive relationships is detailed. The findings suggest that barriers can be overcome if the right support is available.

Conclusion:

The findings provide support for the involvement of occupational therapists working in vocational services, and offer some pointers for developing relationships with clients. The findings highlight the importance of exploring clients' feelings about work, including perceived barriers and benefits to working, and provide a deeper understanding of the type of supportive relationship required by a person with a mental health problem who wishes to access employment.
Participation in Fitness-Related Activities of an Incentive-Based Health Promotion Program and Hospital Costs: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Patel Deepak , Lambert Estelle V. , da Silva Roseanne , Greyling Mike , Kolbe-Alexander Tracy , Noach Adam , Conradie Jaco , Nossel Craig , Borresen Jill , Gaziano Thomas
Published: May 2011

Purpose.

A retrospective, longitudinal study examined changes in participation in fitness-related activities and hospital claims over 5 years amongst members of an incentivized health promotion program offered by a private health insurer.

Design.

A 3-year retrospective observational analysis measuring gym visits and participation in documented fitness-related activities, probability of hospital admission, and associated costs of admission.

Setting.

A South African private health plan, Discovery Health and the Vitality health promotion program.

Participants.

304,054 adult members of the Discovery medical plan, 192,467 of whom registered for the health promotion program and 111,587 members who were not on the program.

Intervention.

Members were incentivised for fitness-related activities on the basis of the frequency of gym visits.

Measures.

Changes in electronically documented gym visits and registered participation in fitness-related activities over 3 years and measures of association between changes in participation (years 1—3) and subsequent probability and costs of hospital admission (years 4—5). Hospital admissions and associated costs are based on claims extracted from the health insurer database.

Analysis.

The probability of a claim modeled by using linear logistic regression and costs of claims examined by using general linear models. Propensity scores were estimated and included age, gender, registration for chronic disease benefits, plan type, and the presence of a claim during the transition period, and these were used as covariates in the final model.

Results.

There was a significant decrease in the prevalence of inactive members (76% to 68%) over 5 years. Members who remained highly active (years 1—3) had a lower probability (p < .05) of hospital admission in years 4 to 5 (20.7%) compared with those who remained inactive (22.2%). The odds of admission were 13% lower for two additional gym visits per week (odds ratio, .87; 95% confidence interval [CI], .801—.949).

Conclusion.

We observed an increase in fitness-related activities over time amongst members of this incentive-based health promotion program, which was associated with a lower probability of hospital admission and lower hospital costs in the subsequent 2 years. (Am J Health Promot 2011;25[5]:341-348.)
Assimilating remotely sensed cloud optical thickness into a mesoscale model
Authors: Lauwaet D. , De Ridder K. , Pandey P.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. The Advanced Regional Prediction System, a mesoscale atmospheric model, is applied to simulate the month of June 2006 with a focus on the near surface air temperatures around Paris. To improve the simulated temperatures which show errors up to 10 K during a day on which a cold front passed Paris, a data assimilation procedure to calculate 3-D analysis fields of specific cloud liquid and ice water content is presented. The method is based on the assimilation of observed cloud optical thickness fields into the Advanced Regional Prediction System model and operates on 1-D vertical columns, assuming that there is no horizontal background error covariance. The rationale behind it is to find vertical profiles of cloud liquid and ice water content that yield the observed cloud optical thickness values and are consistent with the simulated profile. Afterwards, a latent heat adjustment is applied to the temperature in the vertical column. Data from 4 meteorological surface stations around Paris are used to verify the model simulations. The results show that the presented assimilation procedure is able to improve the simulated 2 m air temperatures and incoming shortwave radiation significantly during cloudy days. The scheme is able to alter the position of the cloud fields significantly and brings the simulated cloud pattern closer to the observations. As the scheme is rather simple and computationally fast, it is a promising new technique to improve the surface fields of retrospective model simulations for variables that are affected by the position of the clouds.
Occurrence rate of magnetic holes between 0.72 and 1 AU: comparative study of Cluster and VEX data
Authors: Amariutei O. A. , Walker S. N. , Zhang T. L.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. Localised depressions in the magnetic field magnitude, or magnetic holes, are common features in many regions of solar system plasma. Two distinct mechanisms for their generation have been proposed. The first proposed that the structures are generated locally, close to the point of observation. The alternative has been proposed by Russell et al. (2008), who suggest that the observed magnetic holes represent nonlinear mirror structures that can be carried by the solar wind over vast distances of mirror stable plasma. According to Russell et al. (2008), magnetic holes are created in the vicinity of the sun and are convected by the solar wind outward. Periods of Cluster 1 and VEX data when both spacecraft were connected by the solar wind flow have been considered in this study, in order to determine the evolution of the magnetic holes occurrence rate. The comparison of the magnetic holes occurrence near the Venus and the Earth supports the Russell et al. (2008) premise that they are generated closer to the Sun most likely somewhere within the orbit of Mercury.
Hydrologic system complexity and nonlinear dynamic concepts for a catchment classification framework
Authors: Sivakumar B. , Singh V. P.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. The absence of a generic modeling framework in hydrology has long been recognized. With our current practice of developing more and more complex models for specific individual situations, there is an increasing emphasis and urgency on this issue. There have been some attempts to provide guidelines for a catchment classification framework, but research in this area is still in a state of infancy. To move forward on this classification framework, identification of an appropriate basis and development of a suitable methodology for its representation are vital. The present study argues that hydrologic system complexity is an appropriate basis for this classification framework and nonlinear dynamic concepts constitute a suitable methodology. Discussing the utility of hydrologic data in describing the complexity of the underlying system, the study also offers a three-step procedure for a classification framework: (1) detection of possible patterns and determination of complexity levels of hydrologic systems; (2) classification of hydrologic systems into groups and sub-groups based on patterns and complexity; and (3) verification of the classification framework through establishing relationships between the data patterns/complexity and the catchment/process properties. The framework is expected to lead to a much more effective and efficient procedure for identifying the appropriate structure and complexity of models for hydrologic systems and, thus, save significant time, data collection, and computational requirements.
2,8-Dihydroxyadenine Urolithiasis. Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Arancio Matteo , Ranzoni Stefania , Delsignore Alessandro , Landi Giuseppe , Maffei Nicola , Marcato Maurizio , Mina Alessandro , Martinengo Carlo
Published: May 2011

Introduction

2,8-Dihydroxyadenine (DHA) urolithiasis is a rare type of urinary stone disease secondary to deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) activity, a rare, inherited autosomal recessive disease with an incidental rate from 0.4 to 1.2%. The prevalence is higher among Japanese than other ethnic groups. APRT normally catalyzes the conversion of adenine to adenosine monophosphate and its deficiency results in 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) accumulation. This compound is extremely insoluble and its crystallization can lead to stone formation and renal failure. We report the case of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) urolithiasis in a 52-year-old male patient.

Material and Methods

In December 2008 a 52-year-old Caucasian man was admitted to our hospital with sudden pain in the left lumbar region. Abdominal X-ray did not show any radiopaque urinary stone. I.V. pielography showed a radiolucent left lumbar ureteral (0.6 mm) and renal (1.5 cm) stone. After therapy with tamsulosin, the ureteral stone was excreted. Successful ESWL treatment was performed for renal stone. He presented a clinical history of several episodes of bilateral renal colic and two prior ESWL treatment for radiolucent stones. Chemolitholysis was never successful.

Results

Stone analysis by infrared spectroscopy and microscopic examination of urine reveal typical 2,8-DHA crystals. APRT deficiency was detected in the hemolysate of erythrocyte. Partial deficiency of APRT in the patient's relatives showed heterozygosity of the enzyme defect. Allopurinol therapy successfully prevented further stone formation. 20 months later the patient remains stone free.

Conclusion

Two types of deficit are commonly distinguished, depending on the level of residual APRT activity. Type I is complete enzyme deficiency. Type II shows residual activity in cell lysates, but enzyme activity is not demonstrable in intact cells. About 78% of the Japanese patients belong to type II. The diagnosis of the disease is based on stone analysis by infrared spectroscopy or microscopic examination of urine, which may reveal typical 2,8-DHA crystals. Molecular approach can identify mutations, which are responsible of this inherited disease. Excessive water intake, restriction of foods with high adenine contents and administration of allopurinol are useful treatments. APRT deficiency is a rare disease but we can consider this pathology in case of recurrent radiolucent stones after chemolitolysis.
Anisotropic Growth of Porous Anodic Alumina and Its Potential Application in Three-Dimensional Nanostructure Construction
Authors: Dai Jinhui , Shi Leiyan , Tian Jintao , Zhu Zhibin , Huang Xiang , Wu Pingwei , Qu Xiaofei
Published: May 2011

The porous anodic alumina was fabricated by means of electrochemical oxidation using Al foil as a substrate in oxalic acid under constant anodic voltage at room temperature. Prior to anodization, the substrate surface with roughness in microscale was obtained through electrochemical treatment. The tube growth on the substrate was investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the tube growth behavior of the porous anodic alumina was strongly dependent on the surface roughness. In presence of sphere-shaped cavities in microscale (diameter of 5~30 μm) on the surface of the substrate, the nanotubes were growing essentially away from the center of curvature of each cavity, forming individual growing regions separated by visible interface. The tube branching and tube cutoff were evidently observed in the growing regions and along the interface, respectively. Anisotropic growth of porous anodic alumina suggested its potential application in three-dimensional nanostructure construction.
Growth Responses and Metal Accumulation in an Ornamental Plant (Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii) Submitted to Different Cd Levels
Authors: Wu Fu-Zhong , Yang Wan-Qin , Zhang Jian , Zhou Li-Qiang
Published: May 2011

To characterize the effects of Cd supplies on the accumulation efficiency of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu in an ornamental plant (osmanthus, Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii), a pot experiment using current-year osmanthus in field was carried out in western China. Biomass and its components showed a decreasing tendency as Cd supply increased, though insignificant differences were observed between treatments with a low and no Cd supply. Cd supplies increased the concentrations of Cd and Pb in plants, but the concentrations of Zn and Cu in plant showed a decreasing tendency with the increase of Cd supplies. Cd supplies also increased Cd accumulation for the plant, although the highest Cd accumulation was observed at a low Cd supply (T1). A higher Pb accumulation in the osmanthus was also detected in T1 than the other treatments. However, Zn and Cu accumulations decreased with the increase of Cd supplies. The examined osmanthus showed relative higher Cd and Pb transfer efficiencies in the presence of Cd supplies, but Cd supplies can limit the transfer of Zn and Cu. The results suggested that the examined osmanthus has potential for use in metal-contaminated environments due to phytoremediation application in the soil.
Heterogeneous Transparent Ultrathin Films with Tunable‐Color Luminescence Based on the Assembly of Photoactive Organic Molecules and Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Yan Dongpeng , Lu Jun , Wei Min , Qin Shenghui , Chen Li , Zhang Shitong , Evans David G. , Duan Xue
Published: May 2011

Multicolor luminescent films have great potential for use in optoelectronics, solid‐state light‐emitting materials, and optical devices. This work describes a systematic investigation of the ordered assembly of two‐ (blue/green, blue/orange, red/blue, red/green) and three‐color (blue/red/green) light‐emitting ultrathin films (UTFs) by using different photofunctional anions [bis(N‐methylacridinium)@polyvinylsulfonate ion pairs and anionic derivatives of poly(p‐phenylene), poly(phenylenevinylene), and poly(thiophene)] and Mg‐Al‐layered double hydroxide nanosheets as building blocks. The rational combination of luminescent components affords precise control of the emission wavelengths and intensity, and multicolored luminescent UTFs can be precisely tailored covering most of the visible spectral region. The assembly process of the UTFs and their luminescence properties, as monitored by UV–vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, resulted in a gradual change in luminescence color in the selected light‐emitting spectral region upon increasing the number of deposition cycles. X‐ray diffraction demonstrates that the UTFs are periodic layered structures involving heterogeneous superlattices associated with individual photoactive anion–LDH units. These UTFs also exhibit well‐defined multicolor polarized fluorescence with high polarization anisotropy, and the emissive color changes with polarization direction. Therefore, this work provides a way of fabricating heterogeneous UTFs with tunable‐color luminescence as well as polarized multicolor emission, which have potential applications in the areas of light displays and optoelectronic devices.
Electrochemically Induced High Capacity Displacement Reaction of PEO/MoS2/Graphene Nanocomposites with Lithium
Authors: Xiao Jie , Wang Xiaojian , Yang Xiao‐Qing , Xun Shidi , Liu Gao , Koech Phillip K. , Liu Jun , Lemmon John P.
Published: May 2011

Nanocomposites comprised of poly(ethylene oxide), molybdenum disulfide, and graphene were prepared by the hydrolysis of lithiated molybdenum disulfide in an aqueous solution of PEO and graphene. Structural analysis by XRD shows the nanocomposites are disordered with an expansion of ∼6 Å in the interlayer spacing. During the first discharge, the nanocomposites electrochemically dissociates irreversibly into Li2S and Mo and are able to continously cycle as Li2S +Mo/Lix ↔ S + Mo + Lix+2 as shown by XRD of the discharged electrodes at different depth of discharge (DOD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and high resolution TEM. A significant increase of the reversible capacity is found in as‐prepared MoS2/PEO/graphene composite. The results suggest a new electro‐interaction between lithium and molybdenum metal that only occurs in the nanoregime and is enhanced by PEO. The addition of 2 wt% of graphene to the nanocomposites greatly increases the rate capability with rates as high as 10000mA g−1 yielding > 250mAh g−1 and recovering to > 600 mAhr g−1 at 50mA g−1.
Distribution of Y‐chromosome q lineages in native americans
Authors: Bisso‐Machado Rafael , Jota Marilza S. , Ramallo Virginia , Paixão‐Côrtes Vanessa R. , Lacerda Daniela R. , Salzano Francisco M. , Bonatto Sandro L. , Santos Fabrício R. , Bortolini Maria Cátira
Published: May 2011

Objectives:This investigation was performed to identify and evaluate the distribution of all 15 Y‐chromosome lineages belonging to the Q clade in a sample of natives from South America.

Methods:One hundred and forty‐eight individuals from 20 Native American populations, as well as 24 Asian samples including Eskimos, were tested with 18 biallelic loci that can identify all currently known lineages of the Y‐Chromosome Q clade. Sequencing was performed in part of the sample (∼180,000 nucleotides, which detected, for instance, several downstream markers related to the Q1a3a lineage).

Results:No new mutation was found and Q1a3a was consistently found in high frequencies in all populations, followed at a much lower frequency by Q1a3*, while Q1a3a derived‐lineages are probably population/tribe/region‐specific.

Conclusion:The number of basal Y chromosome lineages in North America is apparently higher than in South America due probably to a bottleneck during the South American colonization and/or more recent Circum‐Arctic gene flow. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solvothermal synthesis of organically modified α‐zirconium phosphate‐based polystyrene nanocomposites and thermal stability
Authors: Zhang Rui , Hu Yuan
Published: May 2011

Polystyrene/α‐zirconium phosphate (PS/OZrP) nanocomposites were prepared based on the organically modified α‐ZrP(OZrP) with hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (C16) by solvothermal technique and solution refluxing. The structure of the PS/OZrP composites was characterized by X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution electronic microscopy. The thermal behaviors of the composites obtained were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The maximum decomposition temperatures (Tmax) of PS/OZrP nanocomposites prepared by solvothermal method increased gradually from 431 to 458°C with the increase of the OZrP loading from 0 to 20 wt %, and the amounts of the charred residue at 600°C (char wt %) had a remarkable increase from 1.6 to 17.1 wt %, respectively. Moreover, the TG results of the nanocomposites prepared by solvothermal method have more obvious enhancement in the thermal stabilities and especially in the amount of charred residue at 600°C (char wt %), which has a double increase from 4.2 to 8.5 wt % at the content of 10 wt % OZrP than by solution refluxing. All results suggested that the solvothermal method is an effective way for the preparation of PS/OZrP nanocomposites with the intercalated nanostructure, which led to the obviously improved thermal stability. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122:593–598, 2011
Weltrekord am Gotthard — ein Jahrhunderttunnel‐Bau
Authors: Caminada Paul
Published: May 2011

Am 15. Oktober 2010 wurden in der Oströhre zwischen Sedrun und Faido die letzten Meter des 57 km langen Basistunnels der Gotthardstrecke durchbrochen. Der Anlass wurde als Großereignis gefeiert und von zahlreichen TV‐ und Radiostationen weltweit übertragen: An diesem Tag wurde der längste Tunnel der Welt durchschlagen. Der Süden und der Norden des Alpenkamms rücken einander näher, und die Verbindungen ins Land, wo die Zitronen blühen, werden kürzer, die Zusammenarbeit in Handel und Wirtschaft einfacher. Ein Wunderwerk, wie auch schon geschrieben wurde, ist der Gotthard‐Basistunnel nicht: Für Wissenschaft, Ingenieurwesen und Handwerk ist er das Ergebnis einer stetigen Arbeit, einer aufwendigen Vorbereitung und Planung, eines enormen Aufwands an Material und Maschinen. Kurz und gut: eine ultrateure Investition für europäische direkte und leistungsfähige Verkehrsverbindungen durch die Zentralalpen der Schweiz. Zweifellos ist es ein Pionierwerk der Bergbau‐ und Eisenbahntechnik, aber nur ein kleiner, unbedeutender “Kratzer” in der Geologie und Tektonik dieses Gebirgsmassivs. Dank dieser gewaltigen Untertagbauten bleiben die Naturschönheit der Alpen, unsere Umwelt und Lebensqualität bewahrt. Vom Gotthard, Kurzbezeichnung für Sankt Gotthard oder San Gottardo, fließt das Wasser in die vier Himmelsrichtungen und verbindet die Alpen mit bedeutenden abendländischen Kulturkreisen. Der Berg verdankt seinen Namen dem heiligen Gotthard (Godehard), dem deutschen Bischof von Hildesheim (10./11. Jh.). Er soll auf dem Gotthardpass ein Wunder vollbracht haben, weshalb ihm zu Ehren ein Hospiz errichtet wurde.
Hinterlüftete Vorhangfassaden aus Textilbeton
Authors: Kulas Christian , Schneider Maike , Will Norbert , Grebe Reiner
Published: May 2011

Der innovative Verbundwerkstoff textilbewehrter Beton (kurz: Textilbeton) erschließt neue Anwendungsgebiete im Betonbau und bietet im Fassadenbau zahlreiche Vorteile. Durch die Verwendung nicht‐korrodierender technischer Textilien aus alkaliresistentem Glas oder Carbon können die Betondeckungen minimiert werden, und es entstehen extrem schlanke Betonbauteile. Durch die Verwendung eines sogenannten Feinbetons mit Korngrößen bis zu 8 mm in Kombination mit speziellen Nachbehandlungstechniken entstehen architektonisch anspruchsvolle und hochwertige Sichtbetonoberflächen. Anhand mehrerer kürzlich abgeschlossener Anwendungsprojekte wird in dem Artikel das Potential hinterlüfteter Textilbetonfassaden aufgezeigt, die Elementflächen von über 12 m2 bei nur 30 mm dicken Plattenspiegeln aufweisen.

Ventilated façade structures made of textile reinforced concrete — structural behavior and construction. The innovative composite material textile reinforced concrete (TRC) opens up new application areas in structural concrete engineering and has advantages especially in the field of façade engineering. By using non‐corrosive technical textiles made of alkali‐resistant glass or carbon, the concrete covers can be minimized resulting in extreme slender concrete members. The used fine‐grained concrete with maximum grain‐sizes of 8 mm in combination with special curing techniques en ables high‐quality fair faced concrete surfaces. The potential of TRC façades has been demonstrated by several projects employing TRC panels with areas over 12 m2 and a thickness of only 30 mm.
Prediction and analysis of protein methylarginine and methyllysine based on Multisequence features
Authors: Hu Le‐Le , Li Zhen , Wang Kai , Niu Shen , Shi Xiao‐He , Cai Yu‐Dong , Li Hai‐Peng
Published: May 2011

Protein methylation, one of the most important post‐translational modifications, typically takes place on arginine or lysine residue. The reversible modification involves a series of basic cellular processes. Identification of methyl proteins with their sites will facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanism of methylation. Besides the experimental methods, computational predictions of methylated sites are much more desirable for their convenience and fast speed. Here, we propose a method dedicated to predicting methylated sites of proteins. Feature selection was made on sequence conservation, physicochemical/biochemical properties, and structural disorder by applying maximum relevance minimum redundancy and incremental feature selection methods. The prediction models were built according to nearest the neighbor algorithm and evaluated by the jackknife cross‐validation. We built 11 and 9 predictors for methylarginine and methyllysine, respectively, and integrated them to predict methylated sites. As a result, the average prediction accuracies are 74.25%, 77.02% for methylarginine and methyllysine training sets, respectively. Feature analysis suggested evolutionary information, and physicochemical/biochemical properties play important roles in the recognition of methylated sites. These findings may provide valuable information for exploiting the mechanisms of methylation. Our method may serve as a useful tool for biologists to find the potential methylated sites of proteins. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 763‐771, 2011.
The effects of shear flow on protein structure and function
Authors: Bekard Innocent B. , Asimakis Peter , Bertolini Joseph , Dunstan Dave E.
Published: May 2011

Protein molecules are subjected to potentially denaturing fluid shear forces during processing and in circulation in the body. These complex molecules, involved in numerous biological functions and reactions, can be significantly impaired by molecular damage. There have been many studies on the effects of hydrodynamic shear forces on protein structure and function. These studies are reviewed and the implications to bioprocessing and pathophysiology of certain diseases are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 733‐745, 2011.
Topography of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in relation to the thyroid artery, Zuckerkandl tubercle, and Berry ligament in Kenyans
Authors: Kaisha W. , Wobenjo A. , Saidi H.
Published: May 2011

Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is an important but avoidable complication of thyroidectomy. This complication may be avoided by the identification of the nerve facilitated by important landmarks found along its course. The setting for this work is the Human Anatomy Laboratory of the University of Nairobi. The aim of this work is to determine the topographic relationship of the RLN with the inferior thyroid artery (ITA), the tubercle of Zuckerkandl (TZ), and the ligament of Berry (LB) in a Kenyan population. The relationship between the nerve and the above landmarks was determined during dissection of 146 right and left thyroid lobes. One right side of the neck had a nonrecurrent nerve. Of the specimens where relationship was determined, the nerve was anterior to the ITA in 37% of cases and posterior in 51.4%. In relation to the LB, 45.3% were superficial (dorsolateral). The TZ was clearly delineated in 86 of the 146 specimens. No nerve traversed the tubercle. The RLN exhibited variations similar to those in other populations. The TZ when present was a reliable landmark to the nerve. Clin. Anat. 24:853–857, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recent Advances in Amine Synthesis by Catalytic Hydroaminomethylation of Alkenes
Authors: Crozet Delphine , Urrutigoïty Martine , Kalck Philippe
Published: May 2011

Carbon–carbon coupling catalyzed by transition metals represents a powerful synthetic method to have an access to organic molecules, especially when they present a significant complexity. The strategy to transform abundant and not expensive reactants into products of pharmaceutical interest by the appropriate catalytic way is of fundamental interest, provided that high conversion rates and selectivities can be gained. During the past decade, considerable progress has been made to transform a simple alkene into an aldehyde by carbonylation, to condense it with an NH function‐containing molecule present in the medium, and to hydrogenate the resulting imine or enamine into the relevant amine. Rhodium complexes are able to catalyze this series of reactions and be an efficient synthetic tool to produce rather sophisticated amines in one‐pot reactions under mild conditions of pressure and temperature. In the future, the production of various amines required by the industry of fine chemicals looks attractive by means of this catalytic method.
Quantitative characterisation of mixing in stirred tank reactors with mean age distribution
Authors: Liu Minye
Published: May 2011

A new method is developed to characterise impeller mixing performance of a stirred tank reactor with mean age distribution. The spatial distribution of mean age reveals the non‐uniform distribution of local blend time. The mean age frequency function is found to scale with impeller speed and the ratio of the impeller diameter to the tank diameter. A blend time is defined from the mean age frequency function and this blend time is found to agree very well with the blend time correlations in literature. This method can be used to predict blend time in a stirred tank reactor using CFD with only a small fraction of the CPU time required by the current method of solving the time dependent tracer scalar equation. With this method, CFD can be efficiently used for practical reactor analysis, design, and scale‐up.
Formulation of activated carbons and evaluation of methane storage by compression and adsorption
Authors: Sales D. C. S. , Martins R. G. , Jaguaribe E. F. , Abreu C. A. M.
Published: May 2011

Activated carbons were produced from coconut shells by chemical activation using H3PO4 (CAQ1) and ZnCl2 (CAQ2), and used as adsorbents for natural gas storage. CAQ1 presented a wider pore size distribution than CAQ2. Storage evaluations were made in a semi‐pilot unit (0.5–4.0 MPa and 298–313 K). According to the used reactant, at 313 K and 3.0 MPa, the adsorptive capacities were 0.060 g/g (CAQ2) and 0.092 g/g (CAQ1). The shortest storage time to charge the tank to 4.0 MPa was obtained by CAQ2 (3.1 min), compared to CAQ1 (3.4 min), due to its higher specific heat capacity. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Applying nanofluid to a rotary disc contactor to investigate breakage phenomenon
Authors: Molavi Hoda , Bahmanyar Amir , Khoobi Nafiseh , Bahmanyar Hossein
Published: May 2011

Five different nanofluids have been prepared by use of two‐step procedure, in which SiO2 nanoparticles with different volume fractions and hydrophobicities have been dispersed in butyl acetate as base fluid by applying ultrasonication method. Three different methods have been used to evaluate the nanofluids' stability: conventional sedimentation method, particle size analyser and UV‐Vis spectrophotometric. As a quite novel research, these nanofluids were applied to a Rotary Disc Contactor with 91 mm diameter and 12 rotating discs to investigate breakage probability and the first critical rotor speed. The effects of nanoparticles' volume fraction and hydrophobicity, as well as rotor speed, mother drop size and continuous phase height on the breakage phenomenon have been studied. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Different positions of tropomyosin isoforms on actin filament are determined by specific sequences of end‐to‐end overlaps
Authors: Śliwińska Małgorzata , Żukowska Magdalena , Borys Danuta , Moraczewska Joanna
Published: May 2011

Tropomyosins are dimeric rod‐like proteins which polymerize along actin filaments and regulate interactions with other actin‐binding proteins. Homologous sequences responsible for the binding of tropomyosin to consecutive actin monomers repeat along tropomyosin and are called actin‐binding periods. In this work, the localization of tropomyosin isoforms on actin alone and on actin–myosin complex was evaluated by measuring Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) distances between a donor (AEDANS) attached to either the N‐terminal actin‐binding period 1 or to the central actin‐binding period 5 and an acceptor (DABMI) bound to actin's Cys374. The recombinant α‐tropomyosin isoforms – TM2, TM5a, and TM1b9a, used in this study, had various amino acid sequences of the N‐ and C‐termini forming the end‐to‐end overlap. Although the sequences of actin‐binding period 5 of the three isoforms were identical, the donor–acceptor distances calculated for each isoform varied between 38.6 and 41.5 Å. Differences in FRET distances between the three tropomyosin isoforms labeled in actin‐binding period 1 varied between 34.8 and 40.2 Å. Rigor binding of myosin heads to actin increased all measured distances. The degree and cooperativity of myosin‐induced shift was different for each of the isoforms and actin‐binding periods. The structural differences correlate with cooperative regulation of actin‐activated S1 ATPase by the three tropomyosins. The results indicate that amino acid sequences of the end‐to‐end overlap determine specific orientation of tropomyosin isoform on actin. This can be important for steric and cooperative regulation of the actin filament and determine functional specificity of multiple tropomyosin isoforms present in eucaryotic cells. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure–Activity Studies of RFamide Peptides Reveal Subtype‐Selective Activation of Neuropeptide FF1 and FF2 Receptors
Authors: Findeisen Maria , Rathmann Daniel , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G.
Published: May 2011

Selectivity is a major issue in closely related multiligand/multireceptor systems. In this study we investigated the RFamide systems of hNPFF1R and hNPFF2R that bind the endogenous peptide hormones NPFF, NPAF, NPVF, and NPSF. By use of a systematic approach, we characterized the role of the C‐terminal dipeptide with respect to agonistic properties using synthesized [Xaa 7]NPFF and [Xaa 8]NPFF analogues. We were able to identify only slight differences in potency upon changing the position of Arg 7, as all modifications resulted in identical behavior at the NPFF1R and NPFF2R. However, the C‐terminal Phe 8 was able to be replaced by Trp or His with only a minor loss in potency at the NPFF2R relative to the NPFF1R. Analogues with shorter side chains, such as α‐amino‐4‐guanidino butyric acid ([Agb 7]NPFF) or phenylglycine ([Phg 8]NPFF), decreased efficacy for the NPFF1R to 25–31 % of the maximal response, suggesting that these agonist–receptor complexes are more susceptible to structural modifications. In contrast, mutations to the conserved Asp 6.59 residue in the third extracellular loop of both receptors revealed a higher sensitivity toward the hNPFF2R receptor than toward hNPFF1R. These data provide new insight into the subtype‐specific agonistic activation of the NPFF1 and NPFF2 receptors that are necessary for the development of selective agonists.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of breast adenomyoepithelioma: A potential false positive pitfall and presence of intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions
Authors: Saad Reda S. , Richmond Lara , Nofech‐Mozes Sharon , Ghorab Zeina
Published: May 2011

Cytologic diagnosis of adenomyoepithelioma can be very challenging. We report fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) findings of a benign adenomyoepithelioma. The cytologic features are characterized by hypercellularity and the presence of numerous atypical dispersed cells with epithelioid morphology and intact cytoplasm. The nuclei showed stippled chromatin, irregular nuclear membrane, and prominent eosinophilic nucleoli. No necrosis or mitoses were seen. The presence of naked nuclei, and extensive intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions were identified and raised the possibility of adenomyoepithelioma. Immunohistochemically, the atypical cells showed strong positivity for myosin heavy chain, p63, and CK5/6, while the epithelial cells reacted with estrogen receptors. This immunophenotypic pattern supports the myoepithelial origin of the atypical cell proliferation and favors the diagnosis of benign adenomyoepithelioma. However, biopsy was recommended to exclude malignancy. Histologically, the tumor showed prominent myoepithelial cells with significant atypia, intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions, and dense cytoplasm. No evidence of malignancy was identified. In conclusion, we report a case of adenomyoepithelioma with a significant cytological atypia that may result in confusion with malignant breast tumors. The presence of intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions, naked nuclei, and expression of myoepithelial markers should provide clues to the right diagnosis and benign nature of this lesion. Cytopathologists should be familiarized with this entity to avoid a misdiagnosis of carcinoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intranuclear peudoinclusions: Morphology, pathogenesis, and significance
Authors: Arora Sandeep Kumar , Dey Pranab
Published: May 2011

Intranuclear pseudoinclusions represent invaginations of the cytoplasm into the nucleus. The nuclear pseudoinclusions are generally easier to appreciate in cytological preparations than frozen sections or histopathology thus forming an important cytological feature. In the present article we have reviewed the morphology, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, and clinical significance of intranuclear cytoplasmic pseudoinclusion. Diagn.Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.