bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alternative ferritin mRNA translation via internal initiation
Authors: Daba Alina , Koromilas Antonis E. , Pantopoulos Kostas
Published: January 2012

Ferritin stores and detoxifies an excess of intracellular iron, and thereby plays an important role in the metabolism of this metal. As unshielded iron promotes oxidative stress, ferritin is crucial in maintaining cellular redox balance and may also modulate cell growth, survival, and apoptosis. The expression of ferritin is controlled by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. In light of the well-established transcriptional induction of ferritin by inflammatory signals, we examined how ferritin mRNA translation responds to stress conditions. We first used HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells engineered for coumermycin-inducible expression of PKR, a stress kinase that inhibits protein synthesis in virus-infected cells by phosphorylating eIF2α. In this setting, iron triggered partial ferritin mRNA translation despite a PKR-induced global shutdown in protein synthesis. Moreover, iron-mediated ferritin synthesis was evident in cells infected with an attenuated strain of poliovirus; when eIF4GI was cleaved, eIF2α was phosphorylated, and host protein synthesis was inhibited. Under global inhibition of protein synthesis or specific inhibition of ferritin mRNA translation in cells overexpressing PKR or IRP1, respectively, we demonstrate association of ferritin mRNA with heavy polysomes. Further experiments revealed that the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) of ferritin mRNA contains a bona fide internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). Our data are consistent with the existence of an alternative, noncanonical mechanism for ferritin mRNA translation, which may primarily operate under stress conditions to protect cells from oxidative stress.
Teaching Critical Chain Project Management: The Academic Debate and Illustrative Examples
Authors: Millhiser William P. , Szmerekovsky Joseph G.
Published: January 2012

In recent decades, the project-scheduling practice known as critical chain project management (CCPM) has been successful in industrial applications, yet remains a subject of disagreement among scholars and is only sporadically taught in business schools. The purpose of this paper is to assess what aspects of CCPM are appropriate in operations courses, whether dedicated project management classes or broader introductory operations management classes. To answer this, we survey academic literature on traditional project management problems that gave rise to CCPM to understand if these issues are real. We also examine whether the CCPM methodology should, according to scholars, correct these problems, and survey project success stories attributed to CCPM. We conclude that CCPM is an appropriate project management methodology for student consideration on the basis of motivating critical thinking—especially about behavioral issues—rather than on formal scientific proof of its merit. In so doing, we survey teaching resources as well as articles in the trade press on the subject. We then present a sequence of numerical practice problems that are designed to motivate further critical reflection about CCPM. Throughout are a number of open questions about CCPM that the academic community has not yet answered and that instructors should keep in mind.
Laser electrodispersion as a new chlorine-free method for the production of highly effective metal-containing supported catalysts
Authors: Lokteva Ekaterina S. , Peristyy Anton A. , Kavalerskaya Natalia E. , Golubina Elena V. , Yashina Lada V. , Rostovshchikova Tatiana N. , Gurevich Sergey A. , Kozhevin Vladimir M. , Yavsin Denis A. , Lunin Valery V.
Published: January 2012

Laser electrodispersion (LED) of metals is a promising technique for the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts as an alternative to wet impregnation of supports with the corresponding salt solutions. The LED technique can be used to deposit highly active chloride- and nitrate-free metal nanoparticles onto carbon or oxide supports. We report preparation and properties of new Ni-, Pd-, and Au-containing alumina-supported catalysts with low metal loadings (10–3–10–4 % mass) and their comparison with the previously studied carbon (Sibunit) supported systems. The catalysts demonstrate high stability and extremely high specific catalytic activity (by 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than for traditional catalysts) in the gas-phase hydrodechlorination (HDC) of chlorobenzene (CB).
Associations Between Sexual and Reproductive Health Communication and Health Service Use Among U.S. Adolescent Women
Authors: Hall Kelli Stidham , Moreau Caroline , Trussell James
Published: January 2012

CONTEXT:

An understanding of the association between adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health knowledge and their use of relevant services is needed to improve young people’s sexual and reproductive health.

METHODS:

Data from the National Survey of Family Growth were used to examine associations between sexual and reproductive health communication (parental and formal) and service use among 2,326 U.S. women aged 15–19 in 2002 and 2006–2008. Chi‐square tests and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess relationships between adolescents’ receipt of sexual and reproductive health communication from parents and formal (school, church, community) sources and their use of sexual and reproductive health services.

RESULTS:

The majority of adolescents had received parental (75%) and formal (92%) sexual and reproductive health communication; 43% reported recent service use. In unadjusted analyses, parental and formal communication were positively associated with service use. In regression models, overall parental communication remained positively associated with service use (odds ratio, 1.6); parental abstinence‐only communication, which was not significant in 2002, was associated with reduced odds of service use for the pooled sample (0.4) and in 2006–2008 (0.3). Formal communication was not associated with service use.

CONCLUSIONS:

Further research is needed to assess whether comprehensive sexual and reproductive health communication facilitates adolescents’ health care utilization. Examination of how communication sources, quality and content are related to service use is needed to understand adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health knowledge and needs.
The ties that bind: Representations of Okinawa and the US military in American popular culture
Authors: SMITS SHANE STEVEN
Published: January 2012

This article explores how the island of Okinawa and its inhabitants have been perceived and represented through American popular culture. It argues that the American representation of Okinawans reflects the significant role that the US military has played in the formation (and reformation)
of Okinawan self-identity. Conversely, representations of American servicemen and their behaviour towards Okinawans illuminate the shifting attitudes Americans have held towards the deployment of US military personnel overseas since 1945. This article suggests that American popular culture
has both reinforced and questioned the post-war discourse that has defined Okinawans as victims of Japanese imperialism, portrayed the US military as their liberators and has therefore served as justification for Okinawas continued use as a military colony.
Representation of female war-time bravery in Australia’s Wanda the War Girl
Authors: CHAPMAN JANE
Published: January 2012

This article analyses from a gendered perspective aspects of form and cultural record relating to Wanda the War Girl (1943–1951), by artist Kath O’Brien – a Second World War strip for the (Sydney) Sunday Telegraph that was said to have been more popular with both adults
and children than Superman. This was one of the first local comics to reflect a female point of view, combined with some vernacular characteristics, and the series is significant historically because the Second World War was also the first occasion on which Australian servicewomen existed.
The welldressed adventuress and spy exemplified a new attitude towards women. Although she was a sexually provocative pin-up, Wanda the War Girl presented a form of female representation necessitated by the Second World War, which differed from earlier styles. The female character was powerful
and productive: her bravery and attraction derived from her presence in male spheres. It is argued that by providing an interesting mosaic of 1940s attitudes, creator O’Brien’s support for the war effort has become a valid cultural record of the period.
REVIEWS
Authors: Hetherington Carol , Austin Michael , Boucher Leigh , Black Prudence
Published: January 2012

THE COLLECTED BONY BULLETINS: ORIGINAL AND COMPLETE, COMPILED BY CLAUDIA STONE (2007) Tucson, Arizona: Corgi Publishing, 225 pp., ISBN: 0979286603, 9780979286605, Paperback, Copies of The Collected Bony Bulletins are available from the compiler, Claudia Stone: 500 N. AvenidaVenado,
Tucson, AZ 85748 USA; email: c.stonecox.net

THE BEACH OF ATONEMENT, ARTHUR UPFIELD ([1930] 2007) Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 298 pp., ISBN: 9781430325383, Paperback, US$40.00

ARTHUR W. UPFIELD: LIFE AND TIMES OF BONY'S MAN, ANDREW MILNOR (2008) Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars
Press, 245 pp., ISBN: 1847185576, 9781847185570, Hardback, GBP34.99, US$52.99

UP AND DOWN AUSTRALIA: SHORT STORIES, ARTHUR UPFIELD, EDITED BY KEES DE HOOG, (2008) Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 300 pp., ISBN: 9781847994134, Paperback, US$24.96

UP AND DOWN AUSTRALIA AGAIN: MORE
SHORT STORIES, ARTHUR UPFIELD, EDITED BY KEES DE HOOG (2009) Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 300 pp., ISBN: 9781445229843, Paperback, US$24.95

UP AND DOWN THE REAL AUSTRALIA: AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL ARTICLES AND THE MURCHISON MURDERS, ARTHUR UPFIELD, EDITED BY KEES DE HOOG (2009) Morrisville,
NC: Lulu.com, 248 pp., ISBN: 9871409255840, Paperback, US$22.97

WHEN BONY WAS THERE: A CHRONOLOGY OF THE LIFE AND CAREER OF DETECTIVE INSPECTOR NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, KEES DE HOOG (2010) Raleigh, NC: Lulu.com, 47 pp., ISBN: 9781445766195, Paperback, US$11.95

DETECTIVE INSPECTOR
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE: HIS LIFE AND TIMES, MICHAEL DUKE (2010) Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Press, 262 pp., ISBN: 1443823759, Hardback, GBP39.99, US$59.99

GRIPPED BY DROUGHT, ARTHUR UPFIELD ([1932] 2011) Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 292 pp., ISBN: 9781446627341, Hardback, US$42.95

A
ROYAL ABDUCTION, ARTHUR UPFIELD ([1932] 2011) Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, Forthcoming

APPLY WITHIN: STORIES OF CAREER SABOTAGE, MICHAELA MCGUIRE (2009) Carlton: Melbourne University Publishing, 208 pp., ISBN: 9780522855890, Paperback, AUD $27.99

IMPACT OF THE MODERN: VERNACULAR
MODERNITIES IN AUSTRALIA 1870S-1960S, ROBERT DIXON AND VERONICA KELLY (2008) Sydney: Sydney University Press, 308 pp., ISBN 9781920898892, Paperback, Aus$49.95

GLAMOUR: WOMEN, HISTORY, FEMINISM, CAROL DYHOUSE (2010) London and New York: Zed Books, 198 pp., ISBN 9781848134072, Hardback,
Aus$44.95, ISBN 9781848138612, Paperback, Aus$19.95
Commensality in French and German young adults: An ethnographic study
Authors: DANESI GIADA
Published: January 2012

Commensality is crucial to understanding the social organization of societies, and illustrates transformations in the relationship between humans and food. Societal changes over the last 40 years in western countries have entailed a 'destructuration' of eating patterns, an increase
in the number of solitary food consumptions and of 'snacking'. Using an ethnographic approach, this work investigates how and why young adults (18–27 years old) eat together, in an effort to explore forms and meanings of commensality among peers in this age group. The article presents
the theoretical and methodological frameworks of the study and some data collected in Lyon, Paris and Berlin among French and German young adults. The focus is on four commensal events observed during fieldwork: aperitif dînatoire, brunch, picnics and barbecues. Several common aspects
emerged from the comparison of these four eating occasions: informal table manners, nomadic behaviours, sharing of costs and tasks, intimate social relationships, and meal structure allowing freedom in food choice and rhythms. These forms of commensality serve important social functions in
young adults' lives and elucidate the nature of commensality in this age group.
REVIEWS
Authors: Gibbs Darryl , Scott David , Singh Sagar
Published: January 2012

THE HUNGRY COWBOY: SERVICE AND COMMUNITY IN A NEIGHBORHOOD RESTAURANT, KARLA A. ERICKSON (2009) Mississippi: Mississippi University Press, 192 pp., ISBN 978-1-60473-206-1, h/bk, $50.00

MOVING PICTURES/STOPPING PLACES: HOTELS AND MOTELS ON FILM, DAVID B. CLARKE, VALERIE CRAWFORD
PFANNHAUSER AND MARCUS A. DOEL (EDS) (2009) Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, vi+394 pp., ISBN 0-7391-2855-8/978-0-7391-2855-8, cloth, £51.95

THINKING THROUGH TOURISM (ASA MONOGRAPH 46), JULIE SCOTT AND TOM SELWYN (EDS) (2010) Oxford and New York: Berg, 288 pp., ISBN 978-1-84788-531-9,
h/bk, £55.00
REVIEW
Authors: Biggane Julia
Published: January 2012

CATHOLICISM, WAR AND THE FOUNDATION OF FRANCOISM: THE JUVENTUD DE ACCIÓN POPULAR IN SPAIN 1931-1939, SID LOWE (2010) Eastbourne, Portland and Ontario: Sussex Academic Press (in association with the Cañada Blanch Centre for Contemporary Spanish Studies), 332 pp., ISBN 978-1-84519-373-7
(hbk), £55
Refugee performance: Encounters with alterity
Authors: Balfour Michael
Published: January 2012

In 2006 there were 9.9 million refugees worldwide, as defined by the United Nations 1951 Convention, and 32.9 million persons of concern. In a comprehensive review of settlement programmes in Australia, the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) concluded that there was an urgent need for targeted settlement assistance towards this group if they are to achieve full and active participation in society, and further research should be undertaken to track the progress of humanitarian entrants in the future (DIAC, 2009). The emotional, psychological and experiential impact of war and displacement on refugees has significant and long-lasting implications for both the individuals involved and the broader communities in which they live. Performers, theatre activists and human rights workers have for some time been interested in working with refugees. However, the category of refugee performance can be seen to create an essentialist frame from which the extrication of practice is almost impossible. The article will explore the performing of refugee representation through an examination of two examples of practice, one a small-scale theatre project in Queensland, Australia, the other a multifaceted arts project in the United Kingdom involving theatre, community photography and a combustible 25-metre sculpture. In the article, I will argue that the effort to construct a discourse about refugee performance is enmeshed in an unwavering paradox. Put simply, how may practice deal with refugee stories when the stories themselves (bureaucratic performance, personal stories as victimhood, suffering as spectacle) make an encounter with alterity more elusive?
Art and education: A human right not a commodiity unity of educational engagement in 'The Union of Creative Thinking'
Authors: Yeoman Ian
Published: January 2012

This article describes a theatre in education (TIE) programme – a fusion of theatre and process led drama work, pedagogically informed – created by Theatr Powys, a theatre in education and community theatre company based in mid Wales.
The programme, entitled 'The Union of Creative Thinking', engaged participating children, from small and isolated communities in rural Wales, in a process whereby they were furnished with imaginative tools that enabled them to conceptualise and concretise in profound ways, the complexity of relationships they experience within the self, between themselves, and within their communities and the wider world.
To reference the context of this article is a huge undertaking. The art form of Theatre in Education was born, developed, hard fought for, and has now all but been lost, in a post war Britain wherein the ideological control and methodological strictures applied to the business of humanely and creatively educating the young of the species, has been a constant battle ground. This particular work, devised and produced by Theatr Powys under my direction, has been influenced by a socially developed drive to integrate the work of many theatre artists and pedagogues: crucially the theoretical writings and historical practice of Vygotsky, Bruner, Friere, Heathcote, Bolton and Gillham. Theatr Powys consistently fought to stand authentically on the shoulders of the above body of theoretical work, and of more, the collective practice of so many involved in the practice of theatre and educational drama in schools and the wider community.
'The Union of Creative Thinking' discussed in this article recognised education as a process of becoming and recognised children as active seekers after truth and justice. It was squarely founded on the knowledge that young people globally, intuitively understand their lives and the values they struggle to own as intrinsically linked to the experience of all children in other, seemingly far away, corners of the world.
TRPV1 Channels Regulate Cortical Excitability in Humans
Authors: Mori Francesco , Ribolsi Michele , Kusayanagi Hajime , Monteleone Fabrizia , Mantovani Vilma , Buttari Fabio , Marasco Elena , Bernardi Giorgio , Maccarrone Mauro , Centonze Diego
Published: January 2012

Studies in rodents show that transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels regulate glutamate release at central and peripheral synapses. In humans, a number of nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been described in theTRPV1gene, and some of them significantly alter the functionality of the channel. To address the possible role of TRPV1 channels in the regulation of synaptic transmission in humans, we studied how TRPV1 genetic polymorphisms affect cortical excitability measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Two SNPs of theTRPV1gene were selected and genotyped (rs222747 and rs222749) in a sample of 77 healthy subjects. In previous cell expression studies, the “G” allele of rs222747 was found to enhance the activity of the channel, whereas rs222749 had no functional effect. Allelic variants in the rs222749 region were not associated with altered cortical response to single, paired, and repetitive TMS. In contrast, subjects homozygous for the G allele in rs222747 exhibited larger short-interval intracortical facilitation (a measure of glutamate transmission) explored through paired-pulse TMS of the primary motor cortex. Recruitment curves, short-interval intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation, and long-interval intracortical inhibition were unchanged. LTP- and LTD-like plasticity explored through intermittent or continuous theta-burst stimulation was also similar in the “G” and “non-G” subjects. To our knowledge, our results provide the first evidence that TRPV1 channels regulate cortical excitability to paired-pulse stimulation in humans.
Disparity-Specific Spatial Interactions: Evidence from EEG Source Imaging
Authors: Cottereau Benoit R. , McKee Suzanne P. , Ales Justin M. , Norcia Anthony M.
Published: January 2012

Using cortical source estimation techniques based on high-density EEG and fMRI measurements in humans, we measured how a disparity-defined surround influenced the responses to the changing disparity of a central disk within five visual ROIs: V1, V4, lateral occipital complex (LOC), hMT+, and V3A. The responses in the V1 ROI were not consistently affected either by changes in the characteristics of the surround (correlated or uncorrelated) or by its disparity value, consistent with V1 being responsive only to absolute, not relative, disparity. Correlation in the surround increased the responses in the V4, LOC, and hMT+ ROIs over those measured with the uncorrelated surround. Thus, these extrastriate areas contain neurons that are sensitive to disparity differences. However, their evoked responses did not vary systematically with the surround disparity. Responses in the V3A ROI, in contrast, were increased by correlation in the surround and varied with its disparity. We modeled these V3A responses as attributable to a gain modulation of the absolute disparity response, where the gain amplitude is proportional to the center–surround disparity difference. An additional experiment identified a nonlinear center–surround interaction in V3A that facilitates the responses when center and surround are misaligned but suppresses it when they share the same disparity plane.
The Zebra Finch Paradox: Song Is Little Changed, But Number of Neurons Doubles
Authors: Walton Clare , Pariser Eben , Nottebohm Fernando
Published: January 2012

New neurons are added to the high vocal center (HVC) of adult males in seasonally breeding songbirds such as the canary (Serinus canaria) that learns new songs in adulthood, and the song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) that does not. In both cases, the new neurons numerically replace others that have died, resulting in a seasonal fluctuation in HVC volume and neuron number. Peaks in neuronal replacement in both species occur in the fall when breeding is over and song is variable. New neurons are added, too, to the HVC of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) that do not learn new songs in adulthood and whose song remains stereotyped throughout the year. Here, we show that, in contrast to the observations in seasonal songbirds, neurons added to the zebra finch HVC are not part of a replacement process. Rather, they lead to a doubling in the number of neurons that project from HVC to the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA). As this happens, HVC volume remains constant and the packing density of its neurons increases. The HVC-RA neurons are part of a descending pathway that carries the pattern of learned song; some HVC-RA neurons are also responsive to song playback. The addition of HVC-RA neurons happens in zebra finches housed singly, but becomes more acute if the birds are housed communally. We speculate that new neurons added to the adult HVC may help with the production or perception of learned song, or both.
Microcircuits Mediating Feedforward and Feedback Synaptic Inhibition in the Piriform Cortex
Authors: Suzuki Norimitsu , Bekkers John M.
Published: January 2012

Local inhibition by GABA-releasing neurons is important for the operation of sensory cortices, but the details of these inhibitory circuits remain unclear. We addressed this question in the olfactory system by making targeted recordings from identified classes of inhibitory and glutamatergic neurons in the piriform cortex (PC) of mice. First, we looked for feedforward synaptic inhibition provided by interneurons located in the outermost layer of the PC, layer Ia, which is the unique recipient of afferent fibers from the olfactory bulb. We found two types of feedforward inhibition: a fast-rising, spatially restricted kind that was generated by horizontal cells, and a slow-rising, more diffuse kind generated by neurogliaform cells. Both cell types targeted the distal apical dendrites of layer II principal neurons. Next, we studied feedback synaptic inhibition in isolation by making a tissue cut across layer I to selectively remove feedforward inhibitory connections. We identified a powerful type of feedback inhibition of layer II neurons, mostly generated by soma-targeting fast-spiking multipolar cells in layer III, which in turn were driven by feedforward excitation from layer II semilunar cells. Dynamic clamp simulation of feedback inhibition revealed differential effects of this inhibition on the two main types of layer II principal neurons. Thus, our results articulate the connectivity and functions of two important classes of inhibitory microcircuits in the PC. Feedforward and feedback inhibition generated by these circuits is likely to be required for the operation of this sensory paleocortex during the processing of olfactory information.
Neural Activity and Neurotransmission Regulate the Maturation of the Innervation Field of Cortical GABAergic Interneurons in an Age-Dependent Manner
Authors: Baho Elie , Di Cristo Graziella
Published: January 2012

Neural activity guides the patterning of neuron synaptic territory in the developing nervous system. Evidence supporting this hypothesis comes from numerous studies on projection neurons in neuromuscular and visual systems. It is unknown whether the innervation field of GABAergic interneurons, which forms local dense innervations, follows similar rules.

Cortical basket cells innervate hundreds of pyramidal cell somata and proximal dendrites. Thanks to this connectivity pattern, they can tightly control neural excitability and synchronization. Here we show that reducing excitation, and thus neurotransmitter release, in mouse cortical single basket cells in slice cultures decreases the number of innervated cells without changing the pattern of perisomatic innervation, both at the peak and after the proliferation phase of perisomatic synapse formation. Conversely, suppressing neurotransmitter release in single basket cells can have completely opposite effects depending on the developmental stage. Our results reveal a remarkably specific and age-dependent role of neural activity and neurotransmission levels in the establishment of the synaptic territory of cortical GABAergic cells.
Cervicolumbar Coordination in Mammalian Quadrupedal Locomotion: Role of Spinal Thoracic Circuitry and Limb Sensory Inputs
Authors: Juvin Laurent , Le Gal Jean-Patrick , Simmers John , Morin Didier
Published: January 2012

Effective quadrupedal locomotion requires a close coordination between the spatially distant central pattern generators (CPGs) controlling forelimb and hindlimb movements. Using isolated preparations of the neonatal rat spinal cord, we explore the role of intervening thoracic circuitry in cervicolumbar CPG coordination and the contribution to this remote coupling of limb somatosensory inputs. In preparations activated with bath-appliedN-methyl-d,l-aspartate, serotonin, and dopamine, the coordination between locomotor-related bursts recorded in cervical and lumbar ventral roots was substantially weakened, although not abolished, when the thoracic segments were selectively withheld from neurochemical stimulation or were exposed to a low Ca2+solution to block synaptic transmission. Moreover, cervicolumbar CPG coordination was reduced after a thoracic midsagittal section, suggesting that cross-cord projections participate in the anteroposterior coupling. In quiescent preparations, either cyclic or tonic electrical stimulation of low-threshold afferent pathways in C8 or L2 dorsal roots (DRs) could elicit coordinated ventral root bursting at both cervical and lumbar levels via an activation of the underlying CPG networks. When lumbar rhythmogenesis was prevented by local synaptic transmission blockade, L2 DR stimulation could still drive left–right alternating cervical bursting in preparations otherwise exposed to normal bathing medium. In contrast, when the cervical generators were selectively blocked, C8 DR stimulation was unable to activate the lumbar CPGs. Thus, in the newborn rat, anteroposterior limb coordination relies on active burst generation within midcord thoracic circuitry that additionally conveys ascending and weaker descending coupling influences of distant limb proprioceptive inputs to the cervical and lumbar generators, respectively.
Combinatorial Expression of Brn3 Transcription Factors in Somatosensory Neurons: Genetic and Morphologic Analysis
Authors: Badea Tudor Constantin , Williams John , Smallwood Philip , Shi Melody , Motajo Oluwaseyi , Nathans Jeremy
Published: January 2012

The three members of the Brn3 family of POU-domain transcription factors (Brn3a/Pou4f1, Brn3b/Pou4f2, and Brn3c/Pou4f3) are expressed in overlapping subsets of visual, auditory/vestibular, and somatosensory neurons. Using unmarkedBrn3-null alleles andBrn3conditional alleles in which gene loss is coupled to expression of an alkaline phosphatase reporter, together with sparse Cre-mediated recombination, we describe the following: (1) the overlapping patterns ofBrn3gene expression in somatosensory neurons; (2) the manner in which these patterns correlate with molecular markers, peripheral afferent arbor morphologies, and dorsal horn projections; and (3) the consequences for these neurons of deleting individualBrn3genes in the mouse. We observe broad expression ofBrn3aamong DRG neurons, but subtype-restricted expression ofBrn3bandBrn3c. We also observe a nearly complete loss of hair follicle-associated sensory endings amongBrn3a−/−neurons. Together with earlier analyses ofBrn3gene expression patterns in the retina and inner ear, these experiments suggest a deep functional similarity among primary somatosensory neurons, spiral and vestibular ganglion neurons, and retinal ganglion cells. This work also demonstrates the utility of sparse genetically directed labeling for visualizing individual somatosensory afferent arbors and for defining cell-autonomous mutant phenotypes.
CO2 Detektion mit IR Kameras: Grundlagen, Experimente und Anwendungen
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Möllmann Klaus-Peter
Published: January 2012

Gasdetektion mit Infrarotkameras ist eine relativ neue Anwendung. Aufgrund der industriellen Bedeutung einiger Gase wurden sensitive Kameras mit Schmalbandfiltern entwickelt. Heute gibt es kommerzielle Systeme für die Detektion flüchtiger Kohlenwasserstoffe, Schwefelhexafluorid und Kohlenmonoxid. In dieser Arbeit werden Laborergebnisse der Detektion von CO2 vorgestellt und potenzielle Anwendungen diskutiert.
Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de cultivares de trigo em diferentes épocas de semeadura, no Paraná
Authors: Silva Raphael Rossi , Benin Giovani , Silva Giovani Olegário da , Marchioro Volmir Sérgio , Almeida Juliano Luiz de , Matei Gilvani
Published: January 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as melhores épocas de semeadura e avaliar a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade de cultivares de trigo, em duas regiões tritícolas do Paraná. Avaliou-se a produtividade de grãos de sete cultivares, em Guarapuava, e de nove, em Palotina, em quatro épocas de semeadura, em 2006, 2007 e 2008. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições em Guarapuava, e três em Palotina. Foram utilizadas a metodologia REML/BLUP e a dos efeitos principais dos genótipos e da interação genótipo x ambiente (GGE biplot) para a avaliação da adaptabilidade e da estabilidade das cultivares, e o métodoAMMI para a identificação das melhores épocas de semeadura. Semeaduras em julho, em Guarapuava, e em abril, em Palotina, maximizam a produtividade de grãos. As cultivares Safira, em Guarapuava, e CD 113, em Palotina, são estáveis, amplamente adaptadas e apresentam alta produtividade de grãos.
Ganho de peso de porcas gestantes associado ao comportamento em baias e à uniformidade da leitegada
Authors: Panzardi Andrea , Mellagi Ana Paula Gonçalves , Bierhals Thomas , Gheller Neimar Bonfati , Bernardi Mari Lourdes , Bortolozzo Fernando Pandolfo , Wentz Ivo
Published: January 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a associação do comportamento de fêmeas suínas mantidas em baias coletivas, durante a alimentação, com o ganho de peso no último mês de gestação, e determinar se a uniformidade de peso das leitegadas é influenciada pelo ganho de peso das fêmeas. As fêmeas (n = 699) foram separadas em três grupos de ordem de parto (OP): 2, 3-5 e 6-9. Cada grupo de OP foi dividido em três subgrupos com percentual de ganho de peso: baixo, médio e alto. Fêmeas de OP 6-9 tiveram mais leitões com peso menor que 1.200 g e maior coeficiente de variação desse peso, em comparação às de OP 2. O menor peso de leitões e o maior número de leitões com peso<1.200 g foram observados no subgrupo de peso baixo. Houve correlação do percentual de ganho de peso na gestação com o número de vezes que a fêmea esteve em pé no cocho (r = 0,669) e com o número de vezes que a fêmea agrediu outras fêmeas (r = 0,451). A variação do ganho de peso das fêmeas, durante o último mês de gestação, em baias coletivas é influenciada pela competição durante a alimentação, e o menor ganho de peso no último mês de gestação reduz o peso dos leitões ao nascimento.
A imagem sagrada na era da reprodutibilidade técnica: sobre santinhos
Authors: Menezes Renata de Castro
Published: January 2012

Os santinhos são retângulos de papel cujas faces comportam, de um lado, uma imagem de santo (ou santa, ou santos), e, do outro, textos em que se combinam preces e prescrições para utilizá-las corretamente, detalhes da vida do santo, propaganda da gráfica que imprime o material, etc. Em meu artigo procuro trazer algumas reflexões sobre as formas de interação (religiosa ou não) que podem se dar em torno desse compósito texto-imagem, tais como percebidas ao acompanhar sua circulação em trabalho de campo, e uma discussão da simbologia que a eles pode estar associada, a partir de uma interpretação de textos e imagens.
Reportagem, memória e história no jornalismo brasileiro
Authors: Bergamo Alexandre
Published: January 2012

O presente artigo procura demonstrar de que modo mudanças recentes no exercício da profissão de jornalista estão sendo capazes de redefinir a forma como esses profissionais olham para si mesmos no presente e, consequentemente, para seu passado, para sua própria "história". Para tanto, me apoio em minha própria e em outras etnografias do jornalismo - em particular do espaço da redação - na especificidade da "notícia" e, principalmente, da "reportagem" enquanto "documento" histórico, discussão necessária para a compreensão da vinculação que se estabelece entre a "memória jornalística" e a "memória nacional"; e nos efeitos que a imposição de um "estilo jornalístico", a exigência do diploma e a reorganização do mercado de trabalho tiveram - e têm - sobre a organização e a escrita, cada vez mais sistematizada, das trajetórias consideradas exemplares para a área.
Desajustes entre nível de renda e hierarquias simbólicas em Comodoro Rivadavia: sobre as legitimidades da desigualdade social
Authors: Grimson Alejandro , Baeza Brígida
Published: January 2012

O artigo analisa uma situação em que trabalhadores fortemente estigmatizados têm níveis de renda mais altos do que aqueles que os estigmatizam. Desta forma, afirmamos que na cidade patagônica de Comodoro Rivadavia há um desajuste entre hierarquias simbólicas e nível econômico. Interessados nas desigualdades sociais e nos modos pelos quais elas se legitimam culturalmente, trabalhamos em conjunto com um antropólogo residente em Buenos Aires e uma antropóloga local. Um caso excepcional como o de Comodoro nos revela aspectos dos casos supostamente "normais", nos quais as hierarquias de prestígio são mais ou menos proporcionais aos níveis de renda. Em segundo lugar, ele nos permite perceber que os casos em que esta correlação não se verifica são mais usuais do que o registrado nos estudos atuais. Em terceiro lugar, ele possibilita obter uma conclusão sociológica com implicações políticas: a redistribuição econômica é uma condição necessária, mas não suficiente para uma redução multidimensional da desigualdade.
Otimização dos processos de moagem e secagem do pó de alumina/TiC obtido por moagem reativa
Authors: Trombini V. , Bressiani A. H. A. , Pallone E. M. J. A. , Tomasi R.
Published: January 2012

A presença de aglomerados em pós cerâmicos é fonte conhecida de heterogeneidade e defeitos nos produtos finais, uma vez que na etapa de sinterização ocorre densificação diferencial dos aglomerados. Assim, o controle de todas as etapas do processamento para obtenção de corpos cerâmicos livres de aglomerados e com microestrutura homogênea é de fundamental importância. Neste trabalho foram avaliadas as condições mais adequadas para reduzir a presença de agregados proveniente da etapa de moagem de alta energia, bem como o controle da etapa de secagem para a obtenção de uma microestrutura com tamanho de grãos pequenos e distribuição homogênea das partículas de inclusões no interior da matriz.
Two new species of Microglanis (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae) from the upper-middle rio Araguaia basin, Central Brazil
Authors: Ruiz William Benedito Gotto , Shibatta Oscar Akio
Published: January 2012

Two new species of Microglanis are described from tributaries of upper-middle rio Araguaia, States of Mato Grosso and Goiás, Brazil. Microglanis oliveirai differs from its congeners by the short supraoccipital process not reaching the small anterior nuchal plate, and reduced number of gill rakers, lateral line pores, ribs, vertebrae, and caudal-fin rays. Microglanis xylographicus differs from its congeners by the presence of melanophores surrounding the neuromasts of the superficial lines, snout length 11.4-12.9% SL and body color pattern consisting of horizontal brown stripes similar to a wooden bark pattern. An identification key of Microglanis species from the Amazon basin is presented.
Devir-loucura no rádio: uma experiência em saúde mental
Authors: Streppel Fernanda Fontana , Palombini Analice de Lima
Published: January 2012

Este texto pretende apresentar esboços de uma pesquisa que se realiza a partir de uma experiência de produção de rádio em saúde mental - Coletivo de Rádio Potência Mental -, discutindo alguns aspectos referentes às especificidades do seu processo de produção discursiva, assim como o estatuto da loucura no seu fazer. O programa é produzido por quem chamamos de "diagnosticados", pessoas com diagnóstico psiquiátrico, e estudantes e profissionais de Psicologia e Comunicação Social, diagnosticados ou não. As discussões são disparadas pelo que se configura como uma cartografia do Coletivo de Rádio, inspirada no pensamento de Deleuze e Guattari, através da qual se assiste ao transcorrer de uma pesquisa que se utiliza da mesma experiência de coletivo que se faz sujeito, objeto e método da investigação para cunhar uma noção de devir-loucura que transpõe a linha da loucura da interioridade dos diagnosticados para carregar todo o processo de produção radiofônica em direção ao Fora.
Comunidades e o campo da política: uma reflexão a partir da psicanálise
Authors: Ribeiro Cynara Teixeira , Lara Junior Nadir
Published: January 2012

Esse artigo reflete sobre as diferenças existentes entre os conceitos de favelas e comunidades, geralmente tratados como sinônimos, e analisa as implicações dessa diferenciação para as intervenções psicossociais em comunidades. Para tanto, faz-se uma revisão do conceito de comunidade no âmbito da psicologia comunitária e discute-se esse construto a partir da teoria lacaniana dos quatro discursos. Objetiva-se analisar as conseqüências dos profissionais que atuam em comunidades posicionarem-se como "agentes" de cada modalidade discursiva, tomando a comunidade como o "outro" a quem se dirige. Além disso, propõe-se o Discurso do Analista como aquele que possibilita a constituição do campo da política.
Humanização do cuidado em saúde: de tecnicismos a uma ética do cuidado
Authors: Barros Maria Elizabeth Barros de , Gomes Rafael da Silveira
Published: January 2012

O cuidado em saúde tem sido um tema bastante debatido. Muitas são as noções e concepções propostas. A produção sobre o tema é numerosa e a demanda por um "cuidado humanizado" é recorrente. O texto propõe analisar o "cuidado humanizado em saúde" a partir da problematização das noções de humano, saúde e cuidado, bem como das práticas de saúde. Propõe uma noção de cuidado que emerge no encontro entre os diferentes atores que habitam os serviços de saúde, numa relação em que o outro é percebido como legítimo, fundando uma clínica transdisciplinar, que produz desvios, sujeitos e modos de vida.
Weather effects on avian breeding performance and implications of climate change
Authors: Skagen Susan K. , Adams Amy A. Yackel
Published: January 2012

The influence of recent climate change on the world's biota has manifested broadly, resulting in latitudinal range shifts, advancing dates of arrival of migrants and onset of breeding, and altered community relationships. Climate change elevates conservation concerns worldwide because it will likely exacerbate a broad range of identified threats to animal populations. In the past few decades, grassland birds have declined faster than other North American avifauna, largely due to habitat threats such as the intensification of agriculture. We examine the effects of local climatic variations on the breeding performance of a bird endemic to the shortgrass prairie, the Lark Bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys) and discuss the implications of our findings relative to future climate predictions. Clutch size, nest survival, and productivity all positively covaried with seasonal precipitation, yet relatively intense daily precipitation events temporarily depressed daily survival of nests. Nest survival was positively related to average temperatures during the breeding season. Declining summer precipitation may reduce the likelihood that Lark Buntings can maintain stable breeding populations in eastern Colorado although average temperature increases of up to 3°C (within the range of this study) may ameliorate declines in survival expected with drier conditions. Historic climate variability in the Great Plains selects for a degree of vagility and opportunism rather than strong site fidelity and specific adaptation to local environments. These traits may lead to northerly shifts in distribution if climatic and habitat conditions become less favorable in the drying southern regions of the Great Plains. Distributional shifts in Lark Buntings could be constrained by future changes in land use, agricultural practices, or vegetative communities that result in further loss of shortgrass prairie habitats.
Spatial ecology of refuge selection by an herbivore under risk of predation
Authors: Wilson Tammy L. , Rayburn Andrew P. , Edwards Thomas C.
Published: January 2012

Prey species use structures such as burrows to minimize predation risk. The spatial arrangement of these resources can have important implications for individual and population fitness. For example, there is evidence that clustered resources can benefit individuals by reducing predation risk and increasing foraging opportunity concurrently, which leads to higher population density. However, the scale of clustering that is important in these processes has been ignored during theoretical and empirical development of resource models. Ecological understanding of refuge exploitation by prey can be improved by spatial analysis of refuge use and availability that incorporates the effect of scale. We measured the spatial distribution of pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis) refugia (burrows) through censuses in four 6‐ha sites. Point pattern analyses were used to evaluate burrow selection by comparing the spatial distribution of used and available burrows. The presence of food resources and additional overstory cover resources was further examined using logistic regression. Burrows were spatially clustered at scales up to approximately 25 m, and then regularly spaced at distances beyond ∼40 m. Pygmy rabbit exploitation of burrows did not match availability. Burrows used by pygmy rabbits were likely to be located in areas with high overall burrow density (resource clusters) and high overstory cover, which together minimized predation risk. However, in some cases we observed an interaction between either overstory cover (safety) or understory cover (forage) and burrow density. The interactions show that pygmy rabbits will use burrows in areas with low relative burrow density (high relative predation risk) if understory food resources are high. This points to a potential trade‐off whereby rabbits must sacrifice some safety afforded by additional nearby burrows to obtain ample forage resources. Observed patterns of clustered burrows and non‐random burrow use improve understanding of the importance of spatial distribution of refugia for burrowing herbivores. The analyses used allowed for the estimation of the spatial scale where subtle trade‐offs between predation avoidance and foraging opportunity are likely to occur in a natural system.
Changes in the retrobulbar arterial circulation after decrease of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Marjanovic Ivan , Sundic Ana , Mijajlovic Milija , Covickovic-Sternic Nadezda , Kontic Djordje , Hentova-Sencanic Paraskeva , Markovic Vujica , Bozic Marija , Knezevic Miroslav
Published: January 2012

Introduction. An altered perfusion of the optic nerve head has been proposed
as a pathogenic factor in glaucoma. Objective. To evaluate changes of
haemodynamic parameters in the retrobulbar arterial circulation after a
decrease of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with primary open
angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods. Twenty-six patients were examined, 14 men and
12 women, 21 up to 50 years old and 5 below, all with previously diagnosed
and treated POAG, and all examined at the Eye Clinic, Clinical Centre of
Serbia. IOP was measured both with a Goldmann aplanation tonometer and
dynamic contour tonometer. Central corneal thickness was measured with
ultrasound pachymeter. Imaging of the retrobulbar arterial circulation by
colour Doppler was performed at the Neurology Clinic, Clinical Centre of
Serbia. It involved measuring of haemodynamic parameters of the ophthalmic
artery, central retinal artery, and posterior ciliary arteries. Peak systolic
velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) were measured, and resistive
index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were calculated. Results. Haemodynamic
arterial parameters PSV and EDV in the ophthalmic and central retinal artery
after decrease of IOP were lower, while RI and PI were higher. In the
posterior ciliary arteries PSV, EDV and PI were lower, and RI was higher.
Conclusion. Changes of the retrobulbar arterial circulation after elevated
IOP in POAG patients are important for approach and treatment, while the role
of vascular factors in the supplement of the optic disc neuroretinal rim
could be a key for progression backlash of glaucoma and the radix of
neuroprotection.
Prevalence of renal insufficiency in individuals with obesity
Authors: Lezaic Visnja , Zlatic Natasa , Zogovic Jovana , Zarkovic Boris , Zivkovic Bojana , Zakula Dejan , Zivadinovic Nenad , Zukovic Milica , Vasiljevic Nadja
Published: January 2012

Introduction. The association of obesity with renal function disorders has
been demonstrated by some studies. Objective. The aim of this study was to
assess the prevalence of renal insufficiency (RI), measured as glomerular
filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min and impact of weight loss on kidney
function in a cohort of 109 obese patients (body mass index - BMI >25
kg/m2), without previous kidney disease, and who underwent the dietician?s
treatment. Methods. According to body mass index (BMI), the patients were
classified as overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2, 25 patients), obesity grade I
(30-34.9 kg/m2, 37 patients), obesity grade II (35 to 39.9 kg/m2, 23
patients), and obesity grade III (>40 kg/m2, 24 patients). Data on
hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, family illness history on
diabetes, obesity and hypertension, smoking and medications, lipid profile,
serum creatinine (sCr) measured before and after diet, and urine examination
were collected from the patients? records. GFR was estimated using MDRD
formula (modification of diet in renal disease). Results The patients groups
were similar in age and co-morbidities, lipids, and sCr values. In
comparison to other obese patients, blood pressure was the highest in
obesity grade III patients (p=0.0001). Mean GFR rate before diet was
satisfactory in all studied groups. RI was present in 12.8% patients. After
diet nine patients still had GFR < 60ml/min, while lipids decreased in all
groups. Patients with the highest decrease of BMI also showed best
improvement in GFR. The risk for the development of decreased GFR was higher
in elderly patients (estimated rate: -0.434, p<0.0001). Conclusion. Obesity
is a potentially reversible risk factor for the development of decreased
GFR. The relationship between obesity and decreased GFR may be mediated by
the presence of known cardiovascular risk factors. In order to clarify the
obesity influence on renal functioning, further studies are needed.