bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decoration of PLGA electrospun nanofibers with designer self-assembling peptides: a “Nano-on-Nano” concept
Authors: Nune Manasa , Krishnan Uma Maheswari , Sethuraman Swaminathan
Published: October 2015

A composite neural scaffold which combines the topographical features of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds and bioactive as well as nanostructured features of designer self-assembling peptides (“Nano on Nano” approach).
Ordered porous structure hybrid films generated by breath figures for directional water penetration
Authors: Guo Tianqi , Han Keyu , Heng Liping , Cao Moyuan , Jiang Lei
Published: October 2015

A highly ordered open-pore hybrid film was fabricated by controlling the substrate roughness and wettability. The composite with different wettability on the two side resulted in an attractive unidirectional water-penetration function (see figure).
Absorption of SO2by renewable ionic liquid/polyethylene glycol binary mixture and thermodynamic analysis
Authors: Han Guo-Qiang , Jiang Yao-Tai , Deng Dong-Shun , Ai Ning
Published: October 2015

Two renewable ionic liquid/PEG200 mixtures with efficient absorption performance for SO2were reported.
Novel highly aligned, double-layered, hollow fibrous polycarbonate membranes with a perfectly tightly packed pentagonal pore structure fabricated using the electrospinning process
Authors: Huang Yun-Shao , Kuo Chi-Ching , Huang Chun-Chun , Jang Shin-Cheng , Tsen Wen-Chin , Chuang Fu-Sheng , Chen Bo-Yu , Chen Jiun-Jen , Chow Jing-Dong , Shu Yao-Chi
Published: October 2015

Highly aligned, tightly packed, single-, double-, and mixed-layer polycarbonate (PC) hollow fibrous membranes were prepared using two-fluid coaxial electrospinning.
Efficient heavy metal ion removal by triazinyl-β-cyclodextrin functionalized iron nanoparticles
Authors: Abdolmaleki Amir , Mallakpour Shadpour , Borandeh Sedigheh
Published: October 2015

A novel magnetic nano-adsorbent containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles functionalized with MCT-β-CD was fabricated and exhibited a remarkable enhancement in heavy metal removal efficiency from aqueous solutions.
Synthesis and properties of star-branched nylon 6 with hexafunctional cyclotriphosphazene core
Authors: Wang Chunhua , Hu Feng , Yang Kejian , Hu Tianhui , Wang Wenzhi , Deng Rusheng , Jiang Qibin , Zhang Hailiang
Published: October 2015

A novel star-branched nylon 6 was synthesized using hexa(4-carboxylphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene as the core. Star-branching structure and molecular weight have great effects on its properties.
Preparation of flexible reduced graphene oxide/poly(vinyl alcohol) film with superior microwave absorption properties
Authors: Wang Tihong , Li Yongfeng , Geng Sai , Zhou Chen , Jia Xilai , Yang Fan , Zhang Liqiang , Ren Xiao , Yang Haitao
Published: October 2015

In this study, a large-area reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film with excellent microwave absorption properties in the range of 2–18 GHz has been prepared by a simple solution processing method.
Facile and green synthesis of polysaccharide-based magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles for protein recognition
Authors: Gao Ruixia , Zhao Siqi , Hao Yi , Zhang Lili , Cui Xihui , Liu Dechun , Tang Yuhai
Published: October 2015

In this study, a facile and green approach to prepare core–shell magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles based on a layer-by-layer assembly and surface imprinting technique was developed.
Application of three-dimensional flower-like nanomaterials in the fabrication of sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensors
Authors: Wang Yulan , Li Yan , Hu Lihua , Ren Xiang , Du Bin , Ma Hongmin , Wei Qin
Published: October 2015

A novel and ultrasensitive sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the quantitative detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in this work.
A supramolecular assembling of zinc porphyrin with a π-conjugated oligo(phenylenevinylene) (oPPV) molecular wire for dye sensitized solar cell
Authors: Charisiadis Asterios , Stangel Christina , Nikolaou Vasilis , Roy Mahesh S. , Sharma Ganesh D. , Coutsolelos Athanassios G.
Published: October 2015

A novel π-conjugated oligo(phenylenevinylene) (oPPV) (or LC) was prepared, as a new organic dye for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), which contains a cyanoacrylic acid group on one end and a pyridyl group on the other.
Facile, novel and efficient synthesis of new pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine products from condensation of pyrazole-5-amine derivatives and activated carbonyl groups
Authors: Ghaedi A. , Bardajee G. R. , Mirshokrayi A. , Mahdavi M. , Shafiee A. , Akbarzadeh T.
Published: October 2015

A novel, simple and efficient route for the synthesis of new fused pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines is described.
Understanding the formation mechanism and the 3D structure of Mo(SxSe1−x)2 nanoflowers
Authors: Meiron O. E. , Houben L. , Bar-Sadan M.
Published: October 2015

Colloidal synthesis of MoS2, MoSe2 and their alloys produces fine nanoflowers with tunable composition. Their reaction mechanism produces homogeneous solid solutions, beneficial for designing specific properties.
Preparation of anti-fouling silicone elastomers by covalent immobilization of carboxybetaine
Authors: Zhang Anqiang , Cheng Liujun , Hong Shuanghao , Yang Caixia , Lin Yaling
Published: October 2015

The surface-grafted carboxybetaine (CB) layer could enhance the biocompatibility of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and reduce the adsorption of protein and adhesion of bacteria efficiently.
Synthesis and characterization of blue TiO2/CoAl2O4 complex pigments with good colour and enhanced near-infrared reflectance properties
Authors: Zheng Wei , Zou Jian
Published: October 2015

The complex pigment with a bright blue color has an enhanced near-infrared reflectance.
Unusual spectroscopic and photophysical properties of meso-tert-butylBODIPY in comparison to related alkylated BODIPY dyes
Authors: Jiao Lijuan , Yu Changjiang , Wang Jun , Briggs Edward A. , Besley Nicholas A. , Robinson David , Ruedas-Rama María J. , Orte Angel , Crovetto Luis , Talavera Eva M. , Alvarez-Pez Jose M. , Van der Auweraer Mark , Boens Noël
Published: October 2015

meso-t-Bu-BODIPY produces unusual spectroscopic and photophysical characteristics in comparison to those of related alkylated BODIPY dyes.
Synthesis of highly permeable Fe2O3/ZnO hollow spheres for printable photocatalysis
Authors: Li Yiming , Wang Kai , Wu Jun , Gu Li , Lu Zhufeng , Wang Xinjun , Cao Xuebo
Published: October 2015

We present the deterministic synthesis of mixed-phase Fe2O3/ZnO hollow spheres with submicron pores and demonstrate that ink based on these hollow spheres can be used to manufacture stable photocatalytic papers.
Highly π-extended tetrathiafulvalene analogues derived from pentacene-5,7,12,14-tetraone
Authors: Younes Eyad A. , Zhao Yuming
Published: October 2015

A new π-extended tetrathiafulvalene analogue capable of reversibly revealing and concealing a central pentacene segment under redox control was synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses and DFT calculations.
Epoxy–silica nanocomposite interphase control using task-specific ionic liquids via hydrolytic and non-hydrolytic sol–gel processes
Authors: Donato R. K. , Perchacz M. , Ponyrko S. , Donato K. Z. , Schrekker H. S. , Beneš H. , Matějka L.
Published: October 2015

Carboxylic-functionalized task-specific imidazolium ionic liquids (carboxylic-IL) presented selective high reactivities with epoxy-functionalized compounds, even in highly complex epoxy–silica nanocomposite systems.
Bacterial surface display of metal binding peptides as whole-cell biocatalysts for 4-nitroaniline reduction
Authors: Tsai Dong-Yu , Tsai Yi-Jung , Yen Chia-Ho , Ouyang Chun-Yu , Yeh Yi-Chun
Published: October 2015

Using recombinant microorganisms expressing metal binding peptides as whole-cell biocatalysts for 4-nitroaniline reduction.
Direct access to 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles through organocatalytic 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of α,β-unsaturated esters with azides
Authors: Li Wenjun , Zhou Xiao , Luan Yepeng , Wang Jian
Published: October 2015

DBU-catalyzed organocatalytic 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of α,β-unsaturated esters with azides have been developed. This strategy generates 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in high yields with high regioselectivities.
Novel approach to synthesizing polymer-functionalized Fe3O4/SiO2–NH2via an ultrasound-assisted method for catalytic selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones in a DMSO/water mixture
Authors: Dehghan Mahsa , Motaharinejad Atieh , Saadat Mostafa , Ahdenov Reza , Babazadeh Mirzaagha , Hosseinzadeh-Khanmiri Rahim
Published: October 2015

A Fe3O4/SiO2/PATL/MnO2 core/shell nanocomposite was synthesized via an ultrasound-assisted method and its catalytic activity for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones was evaluated .
Carbon nanofiber-supported B2O3–SnOx glasses as anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Qian , Lan Jin-Le , Liu Yuan , Yu Yunhua , Yang Xiaoping
Published: October 2015

The addition of boron effectively prohibits the aggregation of Sn nanoparticles during the charge–discharge cycles.
Molecular orientation within thin films of isomorphic molecular semiconductors
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Burgers Mark A. , Hsu Ben B. Y. , Coughlin Jessica E. , Perez Louis A. , Heeger Alan J. , Bazan Guillermo C.
Published: October 2015

Subtle structural variation of isomorphic molecular semiconductors leads to sharp contrast in electronic structures and molecular orientation in the bulk.
Synthesis, optical properties, and photochemical activity of zinc-indium-sulfide nanoplates
Authors: Kempken Björn , Dzhagan Volodymyr , Zahn Dietrich R. T. , Alcocer Marcelo J. P. , Kriegel Ilka , Scotognella Francesco , Parisi Jürgen , Kolny-Olesiak Joanna
Published: October 2015

Colloidal zinc-indium-sulfide nanoplates with varying Zn content were synthesized and their optical, structural and photochemical properties were studied.
Bond-bending isomerism of Au2I3−: competition between covalent bonding and aurophilicity
Authors: Li Wan-Lu , Liu Hong-Tao , Jian Tian , Lopez Gary V. , Piazza Zachary A. , Huang Dao-Ling , Chen Teng-Teng , Su Jing , Yang Ping , Chen Xin , Wang Lai-Sheng , Li Jun
Published: October 2015

Two isomers, different only by bond angles, are discovered for Au2I3−, due to competition between aurophilic interactions and covalent bonding.
Multi-step control over self-assembled hydrogels of peptide-derived building blocks and a polymeric cross-linker
Authors: Nguyen Van Duc , Pal Asish , Snijkers Frank , Colomb-Delsuc Mathieu , Leonetti Giulia , Otto Sijbren , van der Gucht Jasper
Published: October 2015

We present a detailed study of self-assembled hydrogels of bundled and cross-linked networks consisting of positively charged amyloid-like nanofibers and a triblock copolymer with negatively charged end blocks as a cross-linker.
A POM–organic framework anode for Li-ion battery
Authors: Yue Yanfeng , Li Yunchao , Bi Zhonghe , Veith Gabriel M. , Bridges Craig A. , Guo Bingkun , Chen Jihua , Mullins David R. , Surwade Sumedh P. , Mahurin Shannon M. , Liu Hongjun , Paranthaman M. Parans , Dai Sheng
Published: October 2015

A polyoxometalate–organic framework with multiple valence polyoxometalate clusters as redox active building units demonstrated as anode material for Li-ion batteries.
Workfunction, a new viewpoint to understand the electrolyte/electrode interface reaction
Authors: Gao Yurui , Wang Zhaoxiang , Chen Liquan
Published: October 2015

The Li-rich surface of Li4Ti5O12 triggers an interface reaction transferring electrons from the Li-rich surface of Li4Ti5O12 or Li7Ti5O12 to the electrolyte.
Boost up dielectric constant and push down dielectric loss of carbon nanotube/cyanate ester composites via gradient and layered structure design
Authors: Wang Binghao , Liu Limei , Liang Guozheng , Yuan Li , Gu Aijuan
Published: October 2015

Preparation and origin of new composites with some of the best dielectric properties through building a gradient and layered structure.
Triamcinolone–carbon nanotube conjugation inhibits inflammation of human arthritis synovial fibroblasts
Authors: Lee Yeon Kyung , Choi Jin Kyeong , Kang Youn Joo , Kim Hye Won , Kim Sang-Woo , Park Chul-Kyu , Khang Dongwoo , Kim Sang-Hyun
Published: October 2015

Repetitive intra-articular corticosteroid injections are inevitable for treating synovial inflammation in advanced arthritis.
Effect of the alkyl spacer length on the electrical performance of diketopyrrolopyrrole-thiophene vinylene thiophene polymer semiconductors
Authors: Yu Hojeong , Park Kwang Hun , Song Inho , Kim Myeong-Jong , Kim Yun-Hi , Oh Joon Hak
Published: October 2015

Systematic side-chain engineering through adjustment of spacer groups in diketopyrrolopyrrole-thiophene vinylene thiophene (DPP-TVT) polymers reveals odd–even dependence of device performance.
Controlling Nd-to-Yb energy transfer through a molecular approach
Authors: Artizzu Flavia , Serpe Angela , Marchiò Luciano , Saba Michele , Mura Andrea , Mercuri Maria Laura , Bongiovanni Giovanni , Deplano Paola , Quochi Francesco
Published: October 2015

Fully efficient Nd-to-Er energy transfer has been studied at the molecular level in the heterobimetallic NdYb2Q9 light molecular converter.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α-mediated transcription of miR-301a and miR-454 and their host gene SKA2 regulates endothelin-1 and PAI-1 expression in sickle cell disease
Authors: Gonsalves Caryn S. , Li Chen , Malik Punam , Tahara Stanley M. , Kalra Vijay K.
Published: October 2015

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) play important roles in pulmonary hypertension (PH) in sickle cell disease (SCD). Our previous studies show higher levels of placenta growth factor (PlGF) in SCD correlate with increased plasma levels of ET-1, PAI-1, and other physiological markers of PH. PlGF-mediated ET-1 and PAI-1 expression occurs via activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). However, relatively little is understood regarding post-transcriptional regulation of PlGF-mediated expression of ET-1 and PAI-1. Herein, we show PlGF treatment of endothelial cells reduced levels of miR-301a and miR-454 from basal levels. In addition, both miRNAs targeted the 3′-UTRs of ET-1 and PAI-1 mRNAs. These results were corroborated in the mouse model of SCD [Berkeley sickle mice (BK-SS)] and in SCD subjects. Plasma levels of miR-454 in SCD subjects were significantly lower compared with unaffected controls, which correlated with higher plasma levels of both ET-1 and PAI-1. Moreover, lung tissues from BK-SS mice showed significantly reduced levels of pre-miR-301a and concomitantly higher levels of ET-1 and PAI-1. Furthermore, we show that miR-301a/miR-454 located in the spindle and kinetochore-associated protein-2 (SKA2) transcription unit was co-transcriptionally regulated by both HIF-1α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) as demonstrated by SKA2 promoter mutational analysis and ChIP. Finally we show that fenofibrate, a PPAR-α agonist, increased the expression of miR-301a/miR-454 and SKA2 in human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC) cells; the former were responsible for reduced expression of ET-1 and PAI-1. Our studies provide a potential therapeutic approach whereby fenofibrate-induced miR-301a/miR-454 expression can ameliorate PH and lung fibrosis by reduction in ET-1 and PAI-1 levels in SCD.
Compressive sensing‐based differential channel feedback for massive MIMO
Authors: Shen Wenqian , Dai Linglong , Shi Yi , Zhu Xudong , Wang Zhaocheng
Published: October 2015

Massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) is becoming a key technology for future 5G wireless communications. Channel feedback for massive MIMO is challenging due to the substantially increased dimension of MIMO channel matrix. A compressive sensing (CS)‐based differential channel feedback scheme to reduce the feedback overhead is proposed. Specifically, the temporal correlation of time‐varying channels is exploited to generate the differential channel impulse response (CIR) between two CIRs in neighbouring time slots, which enjoys a much stronger sparsity than the original sparse CIRs. Thus, the base station can recover the differential CIR from the highly compressed differential CIR under the framework of CS theory. Simulations show that the proposed scheme reduces the feedback overhead by about 20% compared with the direct CS‐based scheme.
Distinctive local binary pattern for non‐rigid registration of lung computed tomography images
Authors: Cao Zhulou , Dong Enqing
Published: October 2015

Non‐rigid registration of lung computed tomography (CT) images is a valuable tool for various clinical applications. Many methods such as bilateral filters and census transform have been used to deal with discontinuity of lung motion and local intensity variation. However, census transform cannot distinguish between low and high contrast regions, which may lead to negative influence to differential‐based registration methods. A novel distinctive local binary pattern that can generate distinctive representations of high contrast images is proposed. Combing the novel local binary pattern, bilateral filters, the inverse‐consistent symmetrical method and the Lucas–Kanade method, a novel accurate image registration method is developed. The experiments are performed on the publicly available 4D CT lung dataset from DIR‐Lab. Compared with the census transform, the proposed distinctive local binary pattern can achieve relatively better results. The proposed image registration method greatly improves the accuracy of the classical Lucas–Kanade method and the bilateral filters‐based Demons. In addition, the proposed registration method is most accurate among all unmasked methods tested on this dataset.
Autofocus approach for sparse aperture inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging
Authors: Xiao Da , Su Fulin , Gao Jianjun
Published: October 2015

In the inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging, the autofocus is a required step for generating high‐quality images. However, due to many factors, the aperture data may be sparse so that the classical motion compensation approaches and imaging algorithms are not proper. On the basis of the compressed sensing technique and two optimisation methods (the gradient projection method and the conjugate gradient method), a novel autofocus algorithm, which can be used in sparse aperture imaging, is proposed in this Letter. The phase errors induced by the translational Doppler frequency are estimated and the focused image is reconstructed simultaneously by dual iterative computation. This approach is verified by real data processing.
Design of compact dual‐mode dual‐band filtering power divider with high selectivity
Authors: Cai Chuantao , Wang Jianpeng , Deng Yijing , Li Jia‐Lin
Published: October 2015

A new design method for a compact dual‐mode dual‐band filtering power divider is proposed. To achieve two transmission poles in both of the two passbands, the odd‐ and even‐mode resonant properties of the dual‐mode resonator are employed in the design. By symmetrically locating four dual‐mode resonators at both sides of the main transmission line and choosing the proper output topology, the introduced circuit can successfully realise the dual‐band power division and filtering selectivity property. Two resistors are utilised to achieve good in‐band isolation performance of the filtering power divider. For demonstration, a dual‐band filtering power divider with two passbands centred at 2.2 and 2.7 GHz was designed and measured. Simulated and measured results are provided which show a good agreement.
Fast and effective method of CMRR enhancement for multichannel integrated circuits dedicated to biomedical measurements
Authors: Kmon P. , Grybos P. , Zoladz M. , Lisicka A.
Published: October 2015

The common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) strongly depends on matching and this effect is clearly visible in multichannel recording systems. Therefore, a method for improving the CMRR in multichannel recording integrated circuits (ICs) dedicated to biomedical experiments is reported. The method is based on balancing the amplifier's inputs using leakage currents. The proposed technique was verified in the 64 channel IC processed in CMOS 180 nm. The measurement results show that with use of the proposed balancing technique the CMRR is increased by more than 30 dB. Additionally, in comparison to conventional CMRR measurement methods, the proposed solution is attractive in three ways: its on‐chip implementation simplicity, fast operation, and it is especially suitable for modern nanometre processes.
Electronic circuit for excitation of inductive loads with high currents
Authors: Fortaleza L.G.S. , Silva E.C. , Barbosa C.R.H. , Gusmão L.A.P. , Monteiro E.C.
Published: October 2015

It is often challenging to supply high alternating currents at high frequency to inductive loads, because it demands very high voltages at the load terminals. Usually, in such a scenario, the use of large, heavy and expensive high‐voltage/power active devices is mandatory. However, the set of requirements of an ongoing project, demanding portability, low cost and electrical efficiency, led to the necessity of working on that issue. An original method that enables the use of low‐voltage active devices and a low‐voltage source to supply high currents to inductive loads is described. The basic principle used was the reduction of the equivalent impedance seen by the active devices at the desired frequency, leading to lower terminal voltages. Further adaptations were made, including measures to improve power dissipation and protection from transients. The respective developed electronic circuit is shown and experimentally analysed.
Multi‐incident angle approach to retrieve soil parameters for specular scattering
Authors: Prakash Rishi , Singh Dharmendra , Singh Om Prakash
Published: October 2015

Bistatic configuration provides many advantages over monostatic configuration and possesses the potential of future SAR missions. Therefore, the authors have carried out experiments with bistatic scatterometer to characterise soil parameters, that is, soil texture, soil moisture and surface roughness in specular direction. The retrieval of soil parameters requires a priori information and this has been acknowledged in this study with the use of multi‐incident angle approach. First, the authors have critically analysed the angular response of specular scattering coefficient (σspo) with varying soil parameters and this critical analysis led to the development of normalised specular scattering coefficient (Δσspo) which is function of surface roughness only. These observations were verified by the simulation study based on Kirchhoff scalar approximation (SA). Therefore, normalised specular scattering coefficient was used to retrieve surface roughness and correspondingly this surface roughness value was used to compute dielectric constant of soil with SA. Thereafter, soil texture and soil moisture were retrieved. Good agreement was observed between retrieved results and observed ground truth data.
Hermeneutics and genocide: giving voice to the unspoken
Authors: Kelley Shawn
Published: October 2015

The discipline of philosophical hermeneutics, which has played a crucial role in the discipline of New Testament studies, is haunted by the Holocaust. While there has been a great deal of Heidegger scholarship on the interface of Heidegger’s Nazi engagement and his thought, such scholarly focus has been lacking in the larger field of hermeneutics. Current hermeneutical theorists have not explored the various ways that hermeneutical theorists may be responding to the Holocaust. This paper seeks to rectify this scholarly lacuna by drawing attention to what is largely unspoken in hermeneutical theory. My argument examines one particularly important strain of hermeneutical thinking should be seen as a response to fascism and genocide: the critique of instrumental rationality. I look at three seminal sets of scholars: Heidegger, Gadamer and the Frankfurt School. The three sets of thinkers share remarkably similar views about the ills of modernity and a remarkably similar philosophical narrative on how these ills came about. In this grand narrative, current political or social problems are surface symptoms of a deeper spiritual crisis produced by the Enlightenment. The bulk of the paper consists of a reading of central elements of the thought of Heidegger, Gadamer and the Frankfurt School. This reading demonstrates that, for each, the critique of instrumental rationality represents their fundamental approach to confronting fascism and genocide. In the course of the analysis, I identify the limitations of this approach as both a ground for an ontological approach to interpretation and a theoretical response to the problems of fascism and genocide. If hermeneutics wishes to confront the Holocaust, then it needs to allow the Holocaust to become the explicit rather than implicit horizon and, thereby, to allow the emergence of a new set of questions that will produce a new turn in the hermeneutical dialogue. This paper is published as part of a thematic collection dedicated to radical theologies.
Effects of magnetic field on the interaction between terahertz wave and non-uniform plasma slab
Authors: Tian Yuan , Ai Xia , Han YiPing , Guo LiXin
Published: October 2015

In this paper, the interaction between terahertz electromagnetic wave and a non-uniform magnetized plasma slab is investigated. Different from most of the published literatures, the plasma employed in this work is inhomogeneous in both collision frequency and electron density. Profiles are introduced to describe the non-uniformity of the plasma slab. At the same time, magnetic field is applied to the background of the plasma slab. It came out with an interesting phenomenon that there would be a valley in the absorption band as the plasma's electromagnetic characteristic is affected by the magnetic field. In addition, the valley located just near the middle of the absorption peak. The cause of the valley's appearance is inferred in this paper. And the influences of the variables, such as magnetic field strength, electron density, and collision frequency, are discussed in detail. The objective of this work is also pointed out, such as the applications in flight communication, stealth, emissivity, plasma diagnose, and other areas of plasma.
Ab initio determination of the instability growth rate of warm dense beryllium-deuterium interface
Authors: Wang Cong , Li Zi , Li DaFang , Zhang Ping
Published: October 2015

Accurate knowledge about the interfacial unstable growth is of great importance in inertial confinement fusion. During implosions, the deuterium-tritium capsule is driven by laser beams or X-rays to access the strongly coupled and partially degenerated warm dense matter regime. At this stage, the effects of dissipative processes, such as diffusion and viscosity, have significant impact on the instability growth rates. Here, we present ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to determine the equations of state and the transport coefficients. Several models are used to estimate the reduction in the growth rate dispersion curves of Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities with considering the presence of these dissipative effects. We show that these instability growth rates are effectively reduced when considering diffusion. The findings provide significant insights into the microscopic mechanism of the instability growth at the ablator-fuel interface and will refine the models used in the laser-driven hydrodynamic instability experiments.
Brownian dynamics of confined rigid bodies
Authors: Delong Steven , Balboa Usabiaga Florencio , Donev Aleksandar
Published: October 2015

We introduce numerical methods for simulating the diffusive motion of rigid bodies of arbitrary shape immersed in a viscous fluid. We parameterize the orientation of the bodies using normalized quaternions, which are numerically robust, space efficient, and easy to accumulate. We construct a system of overdamped Langevin equations in the quaternion representation that accounts for hydrodynamic effects, preserves the unit-norm constraint on the quaternion, and is time reversible with respect to the Gibbs-Boltzmann distribution at equilibrium. We introduce two schemes for temporal integration of the overdamped Langevin equations of motion, one based on the Fixman midpoint method and the other based on a random finite difference approach, both of which ensure that the correct stochastic drift term is captured in a computationally efficient way. We study several examples of rigid colloidal particles diffusing near a no-slip boundary and demonstrate the importance of the choice of tracking point on the measured translational mean square displacement (MSD). We examine the average short-time as well as the long-time quasi-two-dimensional diffusion coefficient of a rigid particle sedimented near a bottom wall due to gravity. For several particle shapes, we find a choice of tracking point that makes the MSD essentially linear with time, allowing us to estimate the long-time diffusion coefficient efficiently using a Monte Carlo method. However, in general, such a special choice of tracking point does not exist, and numerical techniques for simulating long trajectories, such as the ones we introduce here, are necessary to study diffusion on long time scales.
Enhancing the branching ratios in the dissociation channels for O16O16O18 molecule by designing optimum laser pulses: A study using stochastic optimization
Authors: Talukder Srijeeta , Sen Shrabani , Shandilya Bhavesh K. , Sharma Rahul , Chaudhury Pinaki , Adhikari Satrajit
Published: October 2015

We propose a strategy of using a stochastic optimization technique, namely, simulated annealing to design optimum laser pulses (both IR and UV) to achieve greater fluxes along the two dissociating channels (O18 + O16O16 and O16 + O16O18) in O16O16O18 molecule. We show that the integrated fluxes obtained along the targeted dissociating channel is larger with the optimized pulse than with the unoptimized one. The flux ratios are also more impressive with the optimized pulse than with the unoptimized one. We also look at the evolution contours of the wavefunctions along the two channels with time after the actions of both the IR and UV pulses and compare the profiles for unoptimized (initial) and optimized fields for better understanding the results that we achieve. We also report the pulse parameters obtained as well as the final shapes they take.
Broadband ultrafast spatial self-phase modulation for topological insulator Bi2Te3 dispersions
Authors: Shi Bingxin , Miao Lili , Wang Qingkai , Du Juan , Tang Pinghua , Liu Jun , Zhao Chujun , Wen Shuangchun
Published: October 2015

Ultrathin topological insulator bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanosheets with uniform hexagonal nanostructure have been synthesized by cost-effective solvothermal method. Broadband spatial self-phase modulation phenomena of these topological insulator nanosheets have been observed with 400 nm, 800 nm, and 1070 nm ultrafast lasers. The experimental results suggest that this coherent light scattering is due to the broadband, ultrafast, and large third-order optical nonlinearity of Bi2Te3. With the pulsed laser excitation, the nonlinear refractive index (n2) of Bi2Te3 dispersion solution was measured to be ∼10−12 m2/W, and the third-order nonlinear susceptibility ∼10−7 esu. Our work may provide an inroad for developing the nonlinear optical applications based on topological insulators.
Mass dependence of the activation enthalpy and entropy of unentangled linear alkane chains
Authors: Jeong Cheol , Douglas Jack F.
Published: October 2015

The mass scaling of the self-diffusion coefficient D of polymers in the liquid state, D ∼ Mβ, is one of the most basic characteristics of these complex fluids. Although traditional theories such as the Rouse and reptation models of unentangled and entangled polymer melts, respectively, predict that β is constant, this exponent for alkanes has been estimated experimentally to vary from −1.8 to −2.7 upon cooling. Significantly, β changes with temperature T under conditions where the chains are not entangled and at temperatures far above the glass transition temperature Tg where dynamic heterogeneity does not complicate the description of the liquid dynamics. Based on atomistic molecular dynamics simulations on unentangled linear alkanes in the melt, we find that the variation of β with T can be directly attributed to the dependence of the enthalpy ΔHa and entropy ΔSa of activation on the number of alkane backbone carbon atoms, n. In addition, we find a sharp change in the melt dynamics near a “critical” chain length, n ≈ 17. A close examination of this phenomenon indicates that a “buckling transition” from rod-like to coiled chain configurations occurs at this characteristic chain length and distinct entropy-enthalpy compensation relations, ΔSa ∝ ΔHa, hold on either side of this polymer conformational transition. We conclude that the activation free energy parameters exert a significant influence on the dynamics of polymer melts that is not anticipated by either the Rouse and reptation models. In addition to changes of ΔHa and ΔSa with M, we expect changes in these free energy parameters to be crucial for understanding the dynamics of polymer blends, nanocomposites, and confined polymers because of changes of the fluid free energy by interfacial interactions and geometrical confinement.
Final design of the beam source for the MITICA injector
Authors: Marcuzzi D. , Agostinetti P. , Dalla Palma M. , De Muri M. , Chitarin G. , Gambetta G. , Marconato N. , Pasqualotto R. , Pavei M. , Pilan N. , Rizzolo A. , Serianni G. , Toigo V. , Trevisan L. , Visentin M. , Zaccaria P. , Zaupa M. , Boilson D. , Graceffa J. , Hemsworth R. S. , Choi C. H. , Marti M. , Roux K. , Singh M. J. , Masiello A. , Froeschle M. , Heinemann B. , Nocentini R. , Riedl R. , Tobari H. , de Esch H. P. L. , Muvvala V. N.
Published: October 2015

The megavolt ITER injector and concept advancement experiment is the prototype and the test bed of the ITER heating and current drive neutral beam injectors, currently in the final design phase, in view of the installation in Padova Research on Injector Megavolt Accelerated facility in Padova, Italy. The beam source is the key component of the system, as its goal is the generation of the 1 MeV accelerated beam of deuterium or hydrogen negative ions. This paper presents the highlights of the latest developments for the finalization of the MITICA beam source design, together with a description of the most recent analyses and R&D activities carried out in support of the design.
Measurements of low-energy electron reflection at a plasma boundary
Authors: Demidov V. I. , Adams S. F. , Kaganovich I. D. , Koepke M. E. , Kurlyandskaya I. P.
Published: October 2015

It is demonstrated that low-energy (<3 eV) electron reflection from a solid surface in contact with a low-temperature plasma can have significant variation with time. An uncontaminated, i.e., “clean,” metallic surface (just after heating up to glow) in a plasma environment may have practically no reflection of low-energy incident electrons. However, a contaminated, i.e., “dirty,” surface (in some time after cleaning by heating) that has a few monolayers of absorbent can reflect low-energy incident electrons and therefore significantly affect the net electron current collected by the surface. This effect may significantly change plasma properties and should be taken into account in plasma experiments and models. A diagnostic method is demonstrated for measurements of low-energy electron absorption coefficient in plasmas with a mono-energetic electron group.
Evaluation of diverse approaches for estimating sea-surface DMS concentration and air–sea exchange at global scale
Authors: Tesdal Jan-Erik , Christian James R. , Monahan Adam H. , von Salzen Knut
Published: October 2015

Environmental context
As climate models increasingly include detailed, process-based models of aerosol formation, they need to represent dimethylsulfide emissions from the ocean. Options for this include data-based climatologies and empirical or process-based models; there are diverse examples of each in the literature. This paper presents the first global-scale comparison of all available approaches and evaluation of their skill relative to observations and their possible roles in future climate models.

Abstract
Ocean emission and subsequent oxidation of dimethylsulfide (DMS) provides a source of sulfate in the atmosphere, potentially affecting the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface through both direct and indirect radiative effects of sulfate aerosols. DMS concentration in the ocean is quite variable with season and location, which in turn leads to high spatial and temporal variability of ocean DMS emissions. This study tested currently available climatologies and empirical and prognostic models of DMS concentration in the surface ocean against each other and against observations. This analysis mainly reveals the limitations of estimating DMS with an empirical model based on variables such as chlorophyll and mixed-layer depth. The various empirical models show very different spatial patterns, and none correlate strongly with observations. There is considerable uncertainty in the spatial and temporal distribution of DMS concentration and flux, and in the global total DMS flux. Global total air–sea flux depends primarily on global mean surface ocean DMS concentration, and the spatial distribution of DMS concentration and the magnitude of the gas exchange coefficient are of secondary importance. Global total flux estimates range from 9 to 34TgSyear–1, with a best estimate of 18–24 Tg. Both empirical and prognostic models generally underestimate the total compared with the best available data-based estimates.
Physiological plasticity v. inter-population variability: understanding drivers of hypoxia tolerance in a tropical estuarine fish
Authors: Collins Geoffrey Mark , Clark Timothy Darren , Carton Alexander Guy
Published: October 2015

Physiological plasticity and inter-population variability (e.g. local adaptation) are two key drivers in determining the capacity for species to cope with environmental change, yet the relative contribution of each parameter has received little attention. Here, we investigate the acclimation potential of two geographically distinct populations of the barramundi (Lates calcarifer) to diel hypoxia. Fish were exposed to a daily hypoxia challenge of 6h below 62% saturation, down to a minimum of 10±5% saturation, followed by a return to normoxia. Respiratory and haematological variables were assessed after 8 and 16 days of daily hypoxia exposure. Hypoxia tolerance (measured as the critical oxygen tension; [O2]crit) was not different between populations and not different from control fish after 8 days ([O2]crit=20.7±2.8% saturation), but improved similarly in both populations after 16 days ([O2]crit=16.5±3.1% saturation). This improvement corresponded with increases in haematocrit and haemoglobin, but not an increase in the mean cell haemoglobin concentration. Given the similarity of the response between these two geographically distinct populations, we conclude that hypoxia tolerance for barramundi may be more dependent on physiological plasticity than inherent variability between populations.
Assessment of stocking effectiveness for Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii) and golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) in rivers and impoundments of south-eastern Australia
Authors: Forbes Jamin , Watts Robyn J. , Robinson Wayne A. , Baumgartner Lee J. , McGuffie Prue , Cameron Leo M. , Crook David A.
Published: October 2015

Stock enhancement is a management tool used for fishery recovery worldwide, yet the success of many stocking programs remains unquantified. Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii) and golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) are important Australian recreational target species that have experienced widespread decline. Stocking of these species has been undertaken for decades, with limited assessment of effectiveness. A batch marking and recapture approach was applied to assess stocked Murray cod and golden perch survival, contributions to wild fisheries, and condition in rivers and impoundments. Stocked fish were marked with calcein. Marked fish were detected during surveys undertaken 3 years and 10 months from initial marking, and it is probable that marks will persist beyond this time. The proportion of calcein marked fish in the population sub-sample whose age was equal to, or less than, the number of years since release, varied by 7–94% for Murray cod, and 9–98% for golden perch. Higher proportions of marked fish were found in impoundments than rivers. Marked Murray cod had significantly steeper length–weight relationships (i.e. higher weight at a given length) to unmarked fish. Our results show that application of methods for discriminating stocked and wild fish provides critical information for the development of adaptive, location-specific stocking strategies.
Pre-fire and post-fire surface fuel and cover measurements collected in the south-eastern United States for model evaluation and development – RxCADRE 2008, 2011 and 2012
Authors: Ottmar Roger D. , Hudak Andrew T. , Prichard Susan J. , Wright Clinton S. , Restaino Joseph C. , Kennedy Maureen C. , Vihnanek Robert E.
Published: October 2015

A lack of independent, quality-assured data prevents scientists from effectively evaluating predictions and uncertainties in fire models used by land managers. This paper presents a summary of pre-fire and post-fire fuel, fuel moisture and surface cover fraction data that can be used for fire model evaluation and development. The data were collected in the south-eastern United States on 14 forest and 14 non-forest sample units associated with 6 small replicate and 10 large operational prescribed fires conducted during 2008, 2011, and 2012 as part of the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE). Fuel loading and fuel consumption averaged 6.8 and 4.1 Mg ha–1 respectively in the forest units and 3.0 and 2.2 Mg ha–1 in the non-forest units. Post-fire white ash cover ranged from 1 to 28%. Data were used to evaluate two fuel consumption models, CONSUME and FOFEM, and to develop regression equations for predicting fuel consumption from ash cover. CONSUME and FOFEM produced similar predictions of total fuel consumption and were comparable with measured values. Simple linear models to predict pre-fire fuel loading and fuel consumption from post-fire white ash cover explained 46 and 59% of variation respectively.
High-resolution structures of a heterochiral coiled coil
Authors: Mortenson David E. , Steinkruger Jay D. , Kreitler Dale F. , Perroni Dominic V. , Sorenson Gregory P. , Huang Lijun , Mittal Ritesh , Yun Hyun Gi , Travis Benjamin R. , Mahanthappa Mahesh K. , Forest Katrina T. , Gellman Samuel H.
Published: October 2015

Significance

d
polypeptides represent an attractive platform for biomedical applications because of their resistance to proteolytic degradation. However, the structural principles that underlie associations between L- and D-protein partners remain poorly understood because there has been very little atomic-resolution structural characterization of such heterochiral assemblies. Here we report two X-ray crystal structures of the racemic form of an α-helical peptide derived from the influenza M2 protein. Both structures contain large heterochiral coiled–coil interfaces. The ubiquity and regularity of coiled coils has inspired extensive design effort directed toward homochiral tertiary and quaternary structures, and we anticipate that the insights from these crystal structures will facilitate the design of an analogous rich set of heterochiral proteins and assemblies.
Structural analysis of nucleosomal barrier to transcription
Authors: Gaykalova Daria A. , Kulaeva Olga I. , Volokh Olesya , Shaytan Alexey K. , Hsieh Fu-Kai , Kirpichnikov Mikhail P. , Sokolova Olga S. , Studitsky Vasily M.
Published: October 2015

Significance

On the majority of eukaryotic genes RNA polymerase II meets nucleosomes during transcription of every ∼200 bp of DNA. The key features of Pol II–nucleosome encounter are conserved from yeast to human, but the molecular mechanism of this process remains unknown. Our data suggest a mechanism of formation of the high nucleosomal barrier to Pol II that participates in regulation of transcript elongation in eukaryotes. The proposed mechanism explains the remarkable efficiency of nucleosome survival during transcription, important for maintenance of epigenetic and regulatory histone modifications. Similar mechanisms are likely used during various other DNA transactions, including DNA replication and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling. Some factors involved in chromatin transcription (e.g., FACT and PARP) participate in cancer development/aging.
Glycine activated ion channel subunits encoded by ctenophore glutamate receptor genes
Authors: Alberstein Robert , Grey Richard , Zimmet Austin , Simmons David K. , Mayer Mark L.
Published: October 2015

Significance

We report the characterization of two novel glutamate receptor subunits from recently sequenced ctenophore genomes. The origin of vertebrate NMDA subtype ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), which play a major role in synaptic plasticity and which require both glutamate and glycine for activation of ion channel gating, is not well understood. Using X-ray crystallography of the ligand binding domains of iGluRs from the comb jelly
Mnemiopsis leidyi
and the sea gooseberry
Pleurobrachia bachei
, candidates for the earliest lineage metazoans, we discovered that a large subset of these iGluR subunits form glycine receptors. Similarities to modern-day NMDA receptors suggest NMDA and ctenophore receptors may provide clues to the role of iGluRs in the evolution of neural systems in metazoa.
Prenatal exposure to cannabinoids evokes long-lasting functional alterations by targeting CB
1
receptors on developing cortical neurons
Authors: de Salas-Quiroga Adán , Díaz-Alonso Javier , García-Rincón Daniel , Remmers Floortje , Vega David , Gómez-Cañas María , Lutz Beat , Guzmán Manuel , Galve-Roperh Ismael
Published: October 2015

Significance

Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug, and its consumption constitutes a serious health concern. The psychoactivity of the plant is exerted by its cannabinoid constituents, especially Δ
9
-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which acts by engaging CB
1
cannabinoid receptors. Despite the large knowledge accumulated on how THC affects the adult brain, its molecular and functional impact on neuronal development remains obscure. This study demonstrates that remarkable detrimental consequences of embryonic THC exposure on adult-brain function, which are evident long after THC withdrawal, are solely due to the impact of THC on CB
1
receptors located on developing cortical neurons. Our findings thus delineate the risk of cannabis consumption during pregnancy and contribute to identify precise neuronal lineages targeted by prenatal THC exposure.
Cross-immunity between strains explains the dynamical pattern of paramyxoviruses
Authors: Bhattacharyya Samit , Gesteland Per H. , Korgenski Kent , Bjørnstad Ottar N. , Adler Frederick R.
Published: October 2015

Significance

Pathogens that invoke an immune response immediately after infection can also provide partial cross-protection against other strains of the same or closely related pathogens. This cross-protection can shape the epidemiological dynamics of multistrain pathogens when an epidemic of one strain temporarily suppresses the transmission of another. Identifying these interactions from time series of epidemiological data is difficult, particularly when prevalence oscillates seasonally. We use long-term incidence data on Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), three serotypes of Human Parainfluenza Virus (HPIV), and Human Metapneumovirus to study mathematical models of different mechanisms of pathogen interaction. Our results show a strong signal of cross-protection from RSV in controlling the timing and magnitude of HPIV outbreaks, and a stronger interaction with more closely related serotypes.