bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alguns aspectos sobre o processo de aquisição da escrita por uma criança pequena com Síndrome de Down
Authors: Lopes Ingrid Anelise , Oliveira Anna Augusta Sampaio de
Published: August 2015

A cultura é o conteúdo da Educação Infantil, qual deve ser ensinado por meio de planejamento e procedimentos pedagógicos adequados à criança pequena, quais devem propiciar vivências de instrumentos da cultura. Tais vivências permitem o pleno desenvolvimento de todas as crianças. Isso inclui a criança com necessidades educacionais especiais decorrentes da síndrome de Down. Dentre outros instrumentos da cultura, a criança pequena precisa vivenciar a escrita para que inicie o seu processo histórico de aquisição dessa linguagem. Ao observarmos crianças com síndrome de Down alijadas de vivências da escrita na Educação Infantil, realizamos uma investigação, com base na Teoria Histórico-Cultural, com o objetivo de descrever e compreender os sentidos atribuídos à escrita, por uma criança pequena com síndrome de Down. Os dados foram coletados por meio de registros das vivências da escrita por esta criança junto à atuação de umas das pesquisadoras. A atuação ocorreu em sessões de Atendimento Pedagógico de Suporte, que foram filmadas, com o apoio de auxiliares de pesquisa, e posteriormente observadas e descritas para a seleção de episódios a serem discutidos. Os dados foram apresentados e discutidos de modo a compreender possíveis sentidos atribuídos à escrita pela criança. Os resultados apontam que a criança atribuiu sentidos à escrita, e que tal atribuição esteve diretamente relacionada com a significação da escrita pelas pesquisadoras, nos atendimentos. Assim, foi possível compreender que os sentidos atribuídos à escrita têm estreita relação com o processo de mediação.
Growth performance, carcass traits and physical properties of chicken meat as affected by genotype and production system
Authors: Batkowska J. , Brodacki A. , Zięba G. , Horbańczuk J. O. , Łukaszewicz M.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The results of this study constitute a part of a project aiming at developing a cross-breed suitable for an extensive rearing system, utilising local biodiversity. Hybrids from mating a commercial broiler's male component (C) with Green-legged Partridgenous (GP) or Sussex (Sx) hens were compared with Cobb broilers. The study included 720 chickens of 3 genetic groups. Up to the third week of age, all birds were fed with balanced mixtures recommended for broiler chickens. From the fourth week, the mixture was weekly reduced by 10 % for the birds kept extensively (E). The deducted part was replaced with wheat bran, and from the seventh week with wheat. E groups had access to runs and received green fodder. Birds were slaughtered in 12th week of life. Carcass yield, giblets and proportion of carcass elements were estimated along with meat traits. The body weight at the 6th, 9th, 12th week of rearing and dissection results indicated a good suitability of Cobb chickens for an extensive rearing system. Hybrids were characterised by a considerably smaller proportion of breast muscle and slightly bigger of thighs and drumsticks, compared with Cobb, which could result from their greater motor activity. Results obtained by C × Sx and C × GP chickens, such as final body weight, proportions of abdominal fat and carcass elements, and appropriate value of meat traits, point at the usefulness of these hybrids as a meat-type chicken under extensive housing conditions. Darker colour of chicken meat, derived from C cocks and Sx or GP hens crossbred, can constitute an indicator for their carcasses' identification on the market.
Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer
Authors: Monks P. S. , Archibald A. T. , Colette A. , Cooper O. , Coyle M. , Derwent R. , Fowler D. , Granier C. , Law K. S. , Mills G. E. , Stevenson D. S. , Tarasova O. , Thouret V. , von Schneidemesser E. , Sommariva R. , Wild O. , Williams M. L.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Ozone holds a certain fascination in atmospheric science. It is ubiquitous in the atmosphere, central to tropospheric oxidation chemistry, yet harmful to human and ecosystem health as well as being an important greenhouse gas. It is not emitted into the atmosphere but is a byproduct of the very oxidation chemistry it largely initiates. Much effort is focused on the reduction of surface levels of ozone owing to its health and vegetation impacts, but recent efforts to achieve reductions in exposure at a country scale have proved difficult to achieve owing to increases in background ozone at the zonal hemispheric scale. There is also a growing realisation that the role of ozone as a short-lived climate pollutant could be important in integrated air quality climate change mitigation. This review examines current understanding of the processes regulating tropospheric ozone at global to local scales from both measurements and models. It takes the view that knowledge across the scales is important for dealing with air quality and climate change in a synergistic manner. The review shows that there remain a number of clear challenges for ozone such as explaining surface trends, incorporating new chemical understanding, ozone–climate coupling, and a better assessment of impacts. There is a clear and present need to treat ozone across the range of scales, a transboundary issue, but with an emphasis on the hemispheric scales. New observational opportunities are offered both by satellites and small sensors that bridge the scales.
An adsorption theory of heterogeneous nucleation of water vapour on nanoparticles
Authors: Laaksonen A. , Malila J.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Heterogeneous nucleation of water vapour on insoluble nuclei is a phenomenon that can induce atmospheric water and ice cloud formation. However, modelling of the phenomenon is hampered by the fact that the predictive capability of the classical heterogeneous nucleation theory is rather poor. A reliable theoretical description of the influence of different types of water-insoluble nuclei in triggering the water condensation or ice deposition would help to decrease uncertainty in large scale model simulations. In this paper we extend a recently formulated adsorption theory of heterogeneous nucleation to be applicable to highly curved surfaces, and test the theory against laboratory data for water vapour nucleation on silica, titanium dioxide and silver oxide nanoparticles. We show that unlike the classical heterogeneous nucleation theory, the new theory is able to quantitatively predict the experimental results.
Ionospheric variations over Indian low latitudes close to the equator and comparison with IRI-2012
Authors: Pavan Chaitanya P. , Patra A. K. , Balan N. , Rao S. V. B.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. In this paper, we analyze daytime observations of the critical frequencies of the F2 (foF2) and F3 (foF3) layers based on ionosonde observations made from Indian low latitudes close to the magnetic equator and study their local time, seasonal, planetary-scale variations (including the solar rotation effect), and solar activity dependence. Given the occurrence of the F3 layer, which has remarkable local time, seasonal and solar activity dependences, variations in foF2 have been evaluated. Local time variations in foF2 and foF3 show noon "bite-out" in all seasons and in all solar activity conditions, which are attributed to vertically upward plasma transport by the zonal electric field and meridional neutral wind. Comparison of observed foF2 with those of the IRI-2012 model clearly shows that the model values are always higher than observed values and the largest difference is observed during noontime owing to the noon bite-out phenomenon. Peak frequency of the F layer (foF2 / foF3), however, is found to have better agreement with IRI-2012 model. Seasonal variations of foF2 and foF3 show stronger asymmetry at the solstices than at the equinoxes. The strong asymmetry at the solstice is attributed to the asymmetry in the meridional neutral wind with a secondary contribution from E × B drifts, and the relatively weak asymmetry observed at the equinox is attributed to the asymmetry in E × B drifts. Variations in foF2 and foF3 with solar flux clearly show the saturation effect when F10.7 exceeds ~ 120 sfu, which is different from that of the mid-latitudes. Irrespective of solar flux, both foF2 and foF3 in summer, however, are found to be remarkably lower than those observed in other seasons. Variations in foF2 show dominant periods of ~ 27, ~ 16 and ~ 6 days. Intriguingly, amplitudes of ~ 27-day variations in foF2 are found to be maximum in low solar activity (LSA), moderate in medium solar activity (MSA) and minimum in high solar activity (HSA), while the amplitudes of ~ 27-day variations in F10.7 are minimum in LSA, moderate in MSA and maximum in HSA. These results are presented and discussed in light of current observational and model-based knowledge on the variations of low-latitude foF2 and foF3.
Characterization of Ancient Tripitaka
Authors: Gong Y. X. , Geng L. , Gong D. C.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Tripitaka is the world’s most comprehensive version of Buddhist sutra. There are limited numbers of Tripitaka currently preserved, most of them present various patterns of degradation. As little is known about the materials and crafts used in Tripitaka, it appeared necessary to identify them, and to further define adapted conservation treatment. In this work, a study concerning the paper source and dyestuff of the Tripitaka from approximate 16th century was carried out using fiber analysis and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The results proved that the papers were mainly made from hemp or bark of mulberry tree, and indigo was used for colorizing the paper. At the end, we provide with suggestions for protecting and restoring the ancient Tripitaka.
Participatory Imaging Mapping of Cultural Heritage Across Internal Borders Stolac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Hadzic L. , Dzino-Suta A. , Eppich R. , Vezic A. , Izkara Martinez J.L.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. During the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995) cultural heritage was explicitly targeted and the state of destruction was extensive to both sacral and secular monuments. Two decades after the end of hostilities the perception of the historic environment is still defined from the angles of national, religious or ethnic belonging. Enabling recognition, reconciliation, tolerance and respect within the community of Stolac, Bosnia & Herzegovina through a better understanding and sharing of cultural heritage was the focus of this project. Stolac is representative of the problems in the region and stands out for its particularly sharp divisions. Until recently there was segregation with local schools and their curriculum was divided with cultural heritage generally not addressed. How can this small community engage with heritage and develop a dialogue that encourages tolerance, respect and as a base for development? How does one understand, then document areas significance to the community? Finally, how can technology assist? The focus of this paper is to relate the experiences and findings of a project that incorporated participatory imaging mapping and the use of technology to bridge between the internal borders of this small community. It will outline a methodology, experiences of the participants and results from their exercises in order to assist other communities facing similar issues.
Impact of the method of registering Terrestrial Laser Scanning data on the quality of documenting cultural heritage structures
Authors: Kedzierski M. , Fryskowska A. , Wierzbicki D. , Dabrowska M. , Grochala A.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. When documenting historical structures and objects, especially delicate artefacts such as pieces of sacred art, only techniques that allow remote, non-contact methods that enable the most precise measurements should be used to obtain data. TLS can be considered as such a technique however in order to obtain complete information for the entire structure, there is usually a need to acquire data from more than one measuring station. In this case, the most important and essential step of processing TLS data is the registration of scans. The paper contains a description of research and analyses concerning the registration of point clouds using three methods: manual, automatic and a combination of the two. The research was carried on measurement data from a historical synagogue. The structure was divided into three parts – three scans. The accuracy with which these scans were registered was assessed and a 3D model of the interior was created.
Exploiting Textured 3D Models for Developing Serious Games
Authors: Kontogianni G. , Georgopoulos A.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Digital technologies have affected significantly many fields of computer graphics such as Games and especially the field of the Serious Games. These games are usually used for educational proposes in many fields such as Health Care, Military applications, Education, Government etc. Especially Digital Cultural Heritage is a scientific area that Serious Games are applied and lately many applications appear in the related literature. Realistic 3D textured models which have been produced using different photogrammetric methods could be a useful tool for the creation of Serious Game applications in order to make the final result more realistic and close to the reality. The basic goal of this paper is how 3D textured models which are produced by photogrammetric methods can be useful for developing a more realistic environment of a Serious Game. The application of this project aims at the creation of an educational game for the Ancient Agora of Athens. The 3D models used vary not only as far as their production methods (i.e. Time of Flight laser scanner, Structure from Motion, Virtual historical reconstruction etc.) is concerned, but also as far as their era as some of them illustrated according to their existing situation and some others according to how these monuments looked like in the past. The Unity 3D® game developing environment was used for creating this application, in which all these models were inserted in the same file format. For the application two diachronic virtual tours of the Athenian Agora were produced. The first one illustrates the Agora as it is today and the second one at the 2nd century A.D. Finally the future perspective for the evolution of this game is presented which includes the addition of some questions that the user will be able to answer. Finally an evaluation is scheduled to be performed at the end of the project.
Fusion of range-based data and image-based datasets for efficient documentation of cultural heritage objects and sites
Authors: Lerma J. L. , Cabrelles M. , Navarro S.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Nowadays it is possible to measure accurately dense point clouds either with aerial/terrestrial laser scanning systems or with imagebased solutions (namely based on photogrammetric computer vision algorithms such as structure-from-motion (SfM)), from which highly detailed 3D models can be achieved. Besides, direct tools in the form of simple devices such as rulers, compass and plumblines are usually required in simple metric surveys, as well as high-end surveying and geodetic instruments such as robotized imagebased total stations and GNSS (probably to a lesser degree but still required) to set the archaeological/architectural recording project in a global reference frame. With all this gamut of image-based and range-based sensors and datasets (in the form of coordinates, point clouds or 3D models), in different coordinate systems (most of the times local for each device), lack of uniform scale, orientation and levelling, the fusion of data tends to be cumbersome. This paper presents an efficient way to fuse and merge different datasets in the form of point clouds/3D models and geodetic/UTM coordinates. The new developed 3DVEM – Register GEO software is able to handle datasets coming from both direct and indirect methods in order to provide unified and precise deliverables.
Coordination between Understanding Historic Buildings and BIM Modelling: A 3D-Output Oriented and typological Data Capture Method
Authors: Li K. , Li S.J. , Liu Y. , Wang W. , Wu C.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. At the present, in trend of shifting the old 2D-output oriented survey to a new 3D-output oriented survey based on BIM technology, the corresponding working methods and workflow for data capture, process, representation, etc. have to be changed.Based on case study of two buildings in the Summer Palace of Beijing, and Jiayuguan Pass at the west end of the Great Wall (both World Heritage sites), this paper puts forward a “structure-and-type method” by means of typological method used in archaeology, Revit family system, and the tectonic logic of building to realize a good coordination between understanding of historic buildings and BIM modelling.
Integration of Jeddah Historical BIM and 3D GIS for Documentation and Restoration of Historical Monument
Authors: Baik A. , Yaagoubi R. , Boehm J.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. This work outlines a new approach for the integration of 3D Building Information Modelling and the 3D Geographic Information System (GIS) to provide semantically rich models, and to get the benefits from both systems to help document and analyse cultural heritage sites. Our proposed framework is based on the Jeddah Historical Building Information Modelling process (JHBIM). This JHBIM consists of a Hijazi Architectural Objects Library (HAOL) that supports higher level of details (LoD) while decreasing the time of modelling. The Hijazi Architectural Objects Library has been modelled based on the Islamic historical manuscripts and Hijazi architectural pattern books. Moreover, the HAOL is implemented using BIM software called Autodesk Revit. However, it is known that this BIM environment still has some limitations with the non-standard architectural objects. Hence, we propose to integrate the developed 3D JHBIM with 3D GIS for more advanced analysis. To do so, the JHBIM database is exported and semantically enriched with non-architectural information that is necessary for restoration and preservation of historical monuments. After that, this database is integrated with the 3D Model in the 3D GIS solution. At the end of this paper, we’ll illustrate our proposed framework by applying it to a Historical Building called Nasif Historical House in Jeddah. First of all, this building is scanned by the use of a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and Close Range Photogrammetry. Then, the 3D JHBIM based on the HOAL is designed on Revit Platform. Finally, this model is integrated to a 3D GIS solution through Autodesk InfraWorks. The shown analysis presented in this research highlights the importance of such integration especially for operational decisions and sharing the historical knowledge about Jeddah Historical City. Furthermore, one of the historical buildings in Old Jeddah, Nasif Historical House, was chosen as a test case for the project.
Visibility Analysis of the Oriental Pearl Based on Digital Landscape Simulation – View from East Daming Road of Shanghai
Authors: Liu S. , Zhang S.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. As the demand for visual quality of environment increases, visual analysis therefore plays progressively important role in current urban landscape construction and management. Guided by the City Image theory, this paper presents a covered scene index “X” to describe the visibility of the target scene, and formulates a digital analysis model based on ArcGIS and 3D simulation. This method is applied to the viewpoint analysis from the East Daming Road of the North Bund to the Oriental Pearl in Shanghai and optimized solutions are proposed according to the results. It turns out that this simple and objective technique can serve as a good tool for the reference of urban landscape planning and management.
Parametric Workﬂow (BIM) for the Repair Construction of Traditional Historic Architecture in Taiwan
Authors: Ma Y.-P. , Hsu C. C. , Lin M.-C. , Tsai Z.-W. , Chen J.-Y.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. In Taiwan, numerous existing traditional buildings are constructed with wooden structures, brick structures, and stone structures. This paper will focus on the Taiwan traditional historic architecture and target the traditional wooden structure buildings as the design proposition and process the BIM workflow for modeling complex wooden combination geometry, integrating with more traditional 2D documents and for visualizing repair construction assumptions within the 3D model representation. The goal of this article is to explore the current problems to overcome in wooden historic building conservation, and introduce the BIM technology in the case of conserving, documenting, managing, and creating full engineering drawings and information for effectively support historic conservation. Although BIM is mostly oriented to current construction praxis, there have been some attempts to investigate its applicability in historic conservation projects. This article also illustrates the importance and advantages of using BIM workflow in repair construction process, when comparing with generic workflow.
Overview of 3D Documentation Data and Tools available for Archaeological Researches: case study of the Romanesque Church of Dugny-sur-Meuse (France)
Authors: Macher H. , Grussenmeyer P. , Kraemer C. , Guillemin S.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. In this paper, the 3D documentation of the full structure of the Romanesque church of Dugny-sur-Meuse is discussed. In 2012 and 2013, a 3D recording project was carried out under the supervision of the Photogrammetry and Geomatics Research Group from INSA Strasbourg (France) in cooperation with C. Kraemer, archaeologist from Nancy (France). The goal of the project was on one hand to propose new solutions and tools to the archaeologists in charge of the project especially for stone by stone measurements. On the other hand, a simplified 3D model was required by the local authorities for communication purposes. To achieve these goals several techniques were applied namely GNSS measurements and accurate traverse networks, photogrammetric recordings and terrestrial laser scanning acquisitions. The various acquired data are presented in this paper. Based on these data, several deliverables are also proposed. The generation of orthoimages from plane as well as cylindrical surfaces is considered. Moreover, the workflow for the creation of a 3D simplified model is also presented.
Towards Image Documentation of Grave Coverings and Epitaphs for Exhibition Purposes
Authors: Pomaska G. , Dementiev N.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Epitaphs and memorials as immovable items in sacred spaces provide with their inscriptions valuable documents of history. Today not only photography or photos are suitable as presentation material for cultural assets in museums. Computer vision and photogrammetry provide methods for recording, 3D modelling, rendering under artificial light conditions as well as further options for analysis and investigation of artistry. For exhibition purposes epitaphs have been recorded by the structure from motion method. A comparison of different kinds of SFM software distributions could be worked out. The suitability of open source software in the mesh processing chain from modelling up to displaying on computer monitors should be answered. Raspberry Pi, a computer in SoC technology works as a media server under Linux applying Python scripts. Will the little computer meet the requirements for a museum and is the handling comfortable enough for staff and visitors? This contribution reports about the case study.
GIS-based Digital Applications on Maintenance and Preservation for traditional Chinese Gardens
Authors: Schulz S. , Dong N. , Zhang S.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. This paper will set a comparison of current digital database models in China and its successful-proven predecessors in Germany. It will analyse applied tools, structures, targets, and results to identify the potentials and conditions for digital registers specifically aimed at Traditional Chinese Gardens. The challenges of data collection, database maintenance and regular updating, user handling, as well as analysis performance and evaluation will be discussed. A focus will be set on heritage-related attributes as one of the main purposes of the database. By using best-practice examples of German database systems, the paper aims on both identifying the required key attributes for traditional Chinese Garden management and developing a new guideline for digitally-supported heritage preservation and protective maintenance in traditional Chinese Gardens in China.
A Study on Generic Representation of Skeletal Remains Replication of Prehistoric Burial
Authors: Shao C.-W. , Chiu H.-L. , Chang S.-K.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Generic representation of skeletal remains from burials consists of three dimensions which include physical anthropologists, replication technicians, and promotional educators. For the reason that archaeological excavation is irreversible and disruptive, detail documentation and replication technologies are surely needed for many purposes. Unearthed bones during the process of 3D digital scanning need to go through reverse procedure, 3D scanning, digital model superimposition, rapid prototyping, mould making, and the integrated errors generated from the presentation of colours and textures are important issues for the presentation of replicate skeleton remains among professional decisions conducted by physical anthropologists, subjective determination of makers, and the expectations of viewers. This study presents several cases and examines current issues on display and replication technologies for human skeletal remains of prehistoric burials. This study documented detail colour changes of human skeleton over time for the reference of reproduction. The tolerance errors of quantification and required technical qualification is acquired according to the precision of 3D scanning, the specification requirement of rapid prototyping machine, and the mould making process should following the professional requirement for physical anthropological study. Additionally, the colorimeter is adopted to record and analyse the “colour change” of the human skeletal remains from wet to dry condition. Then, the “colure change” is used to evaluate the “real” surface texture and colour presentation of human skeletal remains, and to limit the artistic presentation among the human skeletal remains reproduction. The“Lingdao man No.1”, is a well preserved burial of early Neolithic period (8300 B.P.) excavated from Liangdao-Daowei site, Matsu, Taiwan , as the replicating object for this study. In this study, we examined the reproduction procedures step by step for ensuring the surface texture and colour of the replica matches the real human skeletal remains when discovered. The “colour change” of the skeleton documented and quantified in this study could be the reference for the future study and educational exhibition of human skeletal remain reproduction.
3D Modeling from Multi-views Images for Cultural Heritage in Wat-Pho, Thailand
Authors: Soontranon N. , Srestasathiern P. , Lawawirojwong S.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. In Thailand, there are several types of (tangible) cultural heritages. This work focuses on 3D modeling of the heritage objects from multi-views images. The images are acquired by using a DSLR camera which costs around $1,500 (camera and lens). Comparing with a 3D laser scanner, the camera is cheaper and lighter than the 3D scanner. Hence, the camera is available for public users and convenient for accessing narrow areas. The acquired images consist of various sculptures and architectures in Wat-Pho which is a Buddhist temple located behind the Grand Palace (Bangkok, Thailand). Wat-Pho is known as temple of the reclining Buddha and the birthplace of traditional Thai massage. To compute the 3D models, a diagram is separated into following steps; Data acquisition, Image matching, Image calibration and orientation, Dense matching and Point cloud processing. For the initial work, small heritages less than 3 meters height are considered for the experimental results. A set of multi-views images of an interested object is used as input data for 3D modeling. In our experiments, 3D models are obtained from MICMAC (open source) software developed by IGN, France. The output of 3D models will be represented by using standard formats of 3D point clouds and triangulated surfaces such as .ply, .off, .obj, etc. To compute for the efficient 3D models, post-processing techniques are required for the final results e.g. noise reduction, surface simplification and reconstruction. The reconstructed 3D models can be provided for public access such as website, DVD, printed materials. The high accurate 3D models can also be used as reference data of the heritage objects that must be restored due to deterioration of a lifetime, natural disasters, etc.
A Scheme for “The Window of Taiwan National Park”
Authors: Tang E. Y.-F.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. There are nine distinguished national parks in Taiwan. Each one has its own wild variety of natural inhabitants and cultural resources. However, due to the geographical inaccessibility, partially closed by natural disaster, or under the restrict protection by the authority, most of the places are difficult to reach for the public, not to mention for the disabled people. Therefore, a scheme, with the cutting edge technology, comprising the essences of all nine national parks in a space located in one of the national parks which is more convenient with public transportation system is presented. The idea is to open a window in the hope to offer a platform for better and easy understanding the features of all national parks, to increase the accessibility for disabled people, and to provide advanced services for the public. Recently, the progressing of digital image technology becomes more and more promising. Using mutual interactive ways and game-liked formation to promote the participation of visitors to gain learning experiences is now becoming a mainstream for exhibition in visitor centers and museums around the world. The method of the motion-sensing interactive exhibition has personalized feature which is programmed to store visitor’s behaviors and become smarter in response with visitor in order to make each person feel that they are playing in a game. It involves scenarios, concepts and visitors’ participation in the exhibition design to form an interactive flow among human, exhibits, and space. It is highly attractive and low barrier for young, senior and disabled people, and for the case of no physical objects to exhibit, visual technology is a way of solution. This paper presents the features and difficulties of national parks in Taiwan. Visitors’ behavior and several cases have been investigated and analysed to find a suitable way for combining all the features of national parks in an exhibition. However, it should be noticed that this is not an alternative way trying to create a place for the public to explore visual national parks instead of visiting real ones. The main purpose is not only to provide more information and attract more people to realize the beauty of national parks, but also to inspire visitors’ wishes to come and experience in person in the future.
Discussion and Reﬂection on Several Core Issues in the Grand Canal Heritage Conservation Planning Under the Background of Application for World Heritage
Authors: Yao D. , Dai D. S. , Tang Y. Z. , Zhu G. Y. , Chen X.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. At the turn of the century, a series of new heritage concepts have appeared in the area of international cultural heritage protection, such as cultural landscape, cultural route, heritage corridor, heritage canal, which presents the development of people’s recognition of cultural heritage. According to The Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention, management planning must be contained in the material used to apply for world heritage. The State Administration of Cultural Heritage designed the mission and work schedule of China’s Grand Canal conservation planning in 2008. This research will introduce the working system of China’s Grand Canal conservation planning on three levels: city, province and nation. It will also summarize the characteristics of the core technologies in China’s Grand Canal conservation planning, including key issues like the identification of the core characteristic of China’s Grand Canal, value assessment and determination of the protection scope. Through reviewing, thinking and analyzing the previous accomplishments, the research will offer some advices for the similar world heritage conservation planning after.
Case studies of soil in art
Authors: Feller C. , Landa E. R. , Toland A. , Wessolek G.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The material and symbolic appropriations of soil in artworks are numerous and diverse, spanning many centuries and artistic traditions, from prehistoric painting and ceramics to early Renaissance works in Western literature, poetry, paintings, and sculpture, to recent developments in film, architecture, and contemporary art. Case studies focused on painting, installation, and film are presented with the view of encouraging further exploration of art about, in, and with soil as a contribution to raising soil awareness.
Short-term Hedging for an Electricity Retailer
Authors: Dupuis Debbie J. , Gauthier Geneviéve , Godin Fréderic
Published: August 2015

A dynamic global hedging procedure making use of futures contracts is developed for a retailer of the electricity market facing price, load and basis risk. Statistical models reproducing stylized facts are developed for the electricity load, the day-ahead spot price and futures prices in the Nord Pool market. These models serve as input to the hedging algorithm, which also accounts for transaction fees. Backtests with market data from 2007 to 2012 show that the global hedging procedure provides considerable risk reduction when compared to hedging benchmarks found in the literature.
Trends and variability in surface ozone over the United States
Authors: Strode Sarah A. , Rodriguez Jose M. , Logan Jennifer A. , Cooper Owen R. , Witte Jacquelyn C. , Lamsal Lok N. , Damon Megan , Van Aartsen Bruce , Steenrod Stephen D. , Strahan Susan E.
Published: August 2015

We investigate the observed trends and interannual variability in surface ozone over the United States using the Global Modeling Initiative chemical transport model. We discuss the roles of meteorology, emissions, and transport from the stratosphere in driving the interannual variability in different regions and seasons. We demonstrate that a hindcast simulation for 1991–2010 can reproduce much of the observed variability and the trends in summertime ozone, with correlation coefficients for seasonally and regionally averaged median ozone ranging from 0.46 to 0.89. Reproducing the interannual variability in winter and spring in the western United States may require higher‐resolution models to adequately represent stratosphere‐troposphere exchange. Hindcast simulations with fixed versus variable emissions show that changes in anthropogenic emissions drive the observed negative trends in monthly median ozone concentrations in the eastern United States during summer, as well as the observed reduction in the amplitude of the seasonal cycle. The simulation underestimates positive trends in the western United States during spring, but excluding the first 4 years of data removes many of the statistically significant trends in this region. The reduction in the slope of the ozone versus temperature relationship before and after major emission reductions is also well represented by the model. Our results indicate that a global model can reproduce many of the important features of the meteorologically induced ozone variability as well as the emission‐driven trends, lending confidence to model projections of future changes in regional surface ozone.
Seasonal variations, origin, and fate of settling diatoms in the Southern Ocean tracked by silicon isotope records in deep sediment traps
Authors: Closset Ivia , Cardinal Damien , Bray Stephen G. , Thil François , Djouraev Irina , Rigual‐Hernández Andrés S. , Trull Thomas W.
Published: August 2015

The Southern Ocean plays a pivotal role in the control of atmospheric CO2 levels, via both physical and biological sequestration processes. The biological carbon transfer to the ocean interior is tightly coupled to the availability of other elements, especially iron as a trace‐limiting nutrient and dissolved silicon as the mineral substrate that allows diatoms to dominate primary production. Importantly, variations in the silicon cycling are large but not well understood. Here we use δ30Si measurements to track seasonal flows of silica to the deep sea, as captured by sediment trap time series, for the three major zones (Antarctic, AZ; Polar Frontal, PFZ; and Sub‐Antarctic, SAZ) of the open Southern Ocean. Variations in the exported flux of biogenic silica (BSi) and its δ30Si composition reveal a range of insights, including that (i) the sinking rate of BSi exceeds 200 m d−1 in summer in the AZ yet decreases to very low values in winter that allow particles to remain in the water column through to the following spring, (ii) occasional vertical mixing events affect the δ30Si composition of exported BSi in both the SAZ and AZ, and (iii) the δ30Si signature of diatoms is well conserved through the water column despite strong BSi and particulate organic carbon (POC) attenuation at depth and is closely linked to the Si consumption in surface waters. With the strong coupling observed between BSi and POC fluxes in PFZ and AZ, these data provide new constraints for application to biogeochemical models of seasonal controls on production and export.
Lateral mixing across ice meltwater fronts of the Chukchi Sea shelf
Authors: Lu K. , Weingartner T. , Danielson S. , Winsor P. , Dobbins E. , Martini K. , Statscewich H.
Published: August 2015

Summer and fall hydrographic sections in the northeastern Chukchi Sea frequently capture 5–20 m thick intrapycnocline lenses or horizontal plumes of warm, moderately salty summer Bering Sea Water flowing northward from Bering Strait. These features occur within the shallow (~20 m depth) pycnocline separating cold, dilute, surface meltwater from near‐freezing, salty, winter‐formed waters beneath the pycnocline. An idealized numerical model suggests that the features arise from eddies and meanders generated by instability of the surface front separating meltwater from Bering Sea Water. Warm Bering Sea Water is transported across the front and into the pycnocline by the cross‐frontal velocities associated with the instabilities. The accompanying lateral eddy heat fluxes may be important both in summer for promoting ice melt and in fall by delaying the onset of ice formation over portions of this shelf. Lateral heat flux magnitudes depend upon the stratification of the Bering Sea Water.
The 27 day solar rotational effect on mesospheric nighttime OH and O3 observations induced by geomagnetic activity
Authors: Fytterer T. , Santee M. L. , Sinnhuber M. , Wang S.
Published: August 2015

Observations performed by the Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder instrument on board the Aura satellite from 2004 to 2009 (2004 to 2014) were used to investigate the 27 day solar rotational cycle in mesospheric OH (O3) and the physical connection to geomagnetic activity. Data analysis was focused on nighttime measurements at geomagnetic latitudes connected to the outer radiation belts (55°N/S–75°N/S). The applied superposed epoch analysis reveals a distinct 27 day solar rotational signal in OH and O3 during winter in both hemispheres at altitudes >70 km. The OH response is positive and in‐phase with the respective geomagnetic activity signal, lasting for 1–2 days. In contrast, the O3 feedback is negative, delayed by 1 day, and is present up to 4 days afterward. Largest OH (O3) peaks are found at ~75 km, exceeding the 95% significance level and the measurement noise of <2% (<0.5%), while reaching variations of +14% (−7%) with respect to their corresponding background. OH at 75 km is observed to respond to particle precipitation only after a certain threshold of geomagnetic activity is exceeded, depending on the respective OH background. The relation between OH and O3 at 75 km in both hemispheres is found to be nonlinear. In particular, OH has a strong impact on O3 for relatively weak geomagnetic disturbances and accompanying small absolute OH variations (<0.04 ppb). In contrast, catalytic O3 depletion is seen to slow down for stronger geomagnetic variations and OH anomalies (0.04–0.13 ppb), revealing small variations around −0.11 ppm.
The night when the auroral and equatorial ionospheres converged
Authors: Martinis C. , Baumgardner J. , Mendillo M. , Wroten J. , Coster A. , Paxton L.
Published: August 2015

An all‐sky imaging system at the McDonald Observatory (30.67°N, 104.02°W, 40° magnetic latitude) showed dramatic ionospheric effects during a moderate geomagnetic storm on 1 June 2013. The auroral zone expanded, leading to the observation of a stable auroral red (SAR) arc. Airglow depletions associated with equatorial spread F (ESF) were also seen for the first time at such high magnetic latitude. Total electron content measurements from a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver exhibited ionospheric irregularities typically associated with ESF. We explore why this moderate geomagnetic disturbance leads to such dramatic ionospheric perturbations at midlatitudes. A corotating interaction region‐like driver and a highly contracted plasmasphere caused the SAR arc to occur at L shell ~ 2.3. For ESF at L ~ 2.1, timing of the storm intensification, alignment of the sunset terminator with the central magnetic meridian, and sudden variations in the westward auroral electrojet all combined to trigger equatorial irregularities that reached altitudes of ~ 7000 km. The SAR arc and ESF signatures at the ionospheric foot points of inner magnetosphere L shells (L ~ 2) represent a dramatic convergence of pole to equator/equator to pole coupling at midlatitudes.
Ice export from the Laptev and East Siberian Sea derived from δ18O values
Authors: Rosén Per‐Olov , Andersson Per S , Alling Vanja , Mörth Carl‐Magnus , Björk Göran , Semiletov Igor , Porcelli Don
Published: August 2015

Ice export from the vast Arctic Siberian shelf is calculated using δ18O values and salinity data for water samples collected during the International Siberian Shelf Study between August and September 2008 (ISSS‐08). The samples represent a wide range of salinities and δ18O values due to river water inputs and sea ice removal. We estimate the fraction of water that has been removed as ice by interpreting observed δ18O values and salinities as a result of mixing between river water and sea water end‐members as well as to fractional ice removal. This method does not assume an ice end‐member of fixed composition, which is especially important when applied on samples with large differences in salinity. The results show that there is net transport of ice from both the Laptev and the Eastern Siberian Seas, and in total 3000 km3 of sea ice is exported from the shelf. The annual total export of ice from the entire region, calculated from the residence time of water on the shelf, is estimated to be 860 km3 yr−1. Thus, changes in ice production on the shelf may have great impact on sea ice export from the Arctic Ocean.
Effects of simulated spring thaw of permafrost from mineral cryosol on CO2 emissions and atmospheric CH4 uptake
Authors: Stackhouse Brandon T. , Vishnivetskaya Tatiana A. , Layton Alice , Chauhan Archana , Pfiffner Susan , Mykytczuk Nadia C. , Sanders Rebecca , Whyte Lyle G. , Hedin Lars , Saad Nabil , Myneni Satish , Onstott Tullis C.
Published: August 2015

Previous studies investigating organic‐rich tundra have reported that increasing biodegradation of Arctic tundra soil organic carbon (SOC) under warming climate regimes will cause increasing CO2 and CH4 emissions. Organic‐poor, mineral cryosols, which comprise 87% of Arctic tundra, are not as well characterized. This study examined biogeochemical processes of 1 m long intact mineral cryosol cores (1–6% SOC) collected in the Canadian high Arctic. Vertical profiles of gaseous and aqueous chemistry and microbial composition were related to surface CO2 and CH4 fluxes during a simulated spring/summer thaw under light versus dark and in situ versus water saturated treatments. CO2 fluxes attained 0.8 ± 0.4 mmol CO2 m−2 h−1 for in situ treatments, of which 85 ± 11% was produced by aerobic SOC oxidation, consistent with field observations and metagenomic analyses indicating aerobic heterotrophs were the dominant phylotypes. The Q10 values of CO2 emissions ranged from 2 to 4 over the course of thawing. CH4 degassing occurred during initial thaw; however, all cores were CH4 sinks at atmospheric concentration CH4. Atmospheric CH4 uptake rates ranged from −126 ± 77 to −207 ± 7 nmol CH4 m−2 h−1 with CH4 consumed between 0 and 35 cm depth. Metagenomic and gas chemistry analyses revealed that high‐affinity Type II methanotrophic sequence abundance and activity were highest between 0 and 35 cm depth. Microbial sulfate reduction dominated the anaerobic processes, outcompeting methanogenesis for H2 and acetate. Fluxes, microbial community composition, and biogeochemical rates indicate that mineral cryosols of Axel Heiberg Island act as net CO2 sources and atmospheric CH4 sinks during summertime thaw under both in situ and water saturated states.
Induction of Potent Antitumor Immunity by Sustained Release of Cationic Antigen from a DNA‐Based Hydrogel with Adjuvant Activity
Authors: Umeki Yuka , Mohri Kohta , Kawasaki Yohji , Watanabe Hiroshi , Takahashi Rei , Takahashi Yuki , Takakura Yoshinobu , Nishikawa Makiya
Published: August 2015

Previous studies indicate that immunostimulatory DNA‐based injectable hydrogels harboring unmethylated cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine (CpG) dinucleotides meet the requirements of an effective antigen delivery system, including safety, biodegradability, ease of administration, and stimulation of the innate immune system. However, rapid release of the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) from the hydrogel limits its potential. Here, the aim is to achieve sustained OVA release from a DNA hydrogel through cationization of the antigen. Ethylenediamine (ED)‐conjugated cationized OVA (ED‐OVA), but not OVA, forms a complex with hexapod‐like structured DNA, a component of the DNA hydrogel. The release of ED‐OVA from the hydrogel is significantly slower than that of OVA. ED‐OVA mixed with CpG DNA hydrogel efficiently binds to mouse dendritic DC2.4 cells and results in high antigen presentation. Intratumoral injections of ED‐OVA/CpG DNA hydrogel significantly delays tumor growth of OVA‐expressing EG7‐OVA cells in mice. Then, a cationic OVA peptide antigen (R8‐L2‐pepI) consisting of an OVA MHC class I epitope, octaarginine, and a linker is designed. Intratumoral injections of R8‐L2‐pepI/CpG DNA hydrogel eradicate tumors in five out of six mice. Thus, it is concluded that a vaccine consisting of immunostimulatory CpG DNA hydrogel and cationized antigens can be effective for cancer immunotherapy.