bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO DO RENDIMENTO DOS FILÉS E RESÍDUOS DA FILETAGEM DO BEIJUPIRÁ CULTIVADO E SELVAGEM
Authors: De Castro Luciana Antônia Araújo , Neto Toivi Masih , Paulo Eveline Alexandre , Furtado Neto Manuel Antonio De Andrade
Published: August 2018

Apesar do potencial de cultivo do beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum), quando se fala em processamento desta espécie de peixe marinho, os conhecimentos de vários aspectos da cadeia produtiva ainda são escassos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi de avaliar o rendimento dos filés e dos resíduos da filetagem do beijupirá selvagem e cultivado, considerando-se o rendimento das vísceras (RVI), rendimento da cabeça (RCA), rendimento da carcaça sem a cabeça (RCR), rendimento do filé inteiro sem pele (RFI), rendimento da pele com escamas (PPE) e o rendimento da barriga (PBA). Foram utilizados doze exemplares de Beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) com peso médio 2.435 g sendo seis selvagens adquiridos no comércio local do município de Itarema, estado do Ceará, e os outros seis cultivados obtidos da Fazenda de Maricultura de Búzios, localizada em Ilhabela, estado de São Paulo. Os peixes foram eviscerados, decapitados e filetados manualmente. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram concluir que não houveram diferenças significativas para o rendimento do filé, vísceras, cabeça e pele entre os beijupirás selvagens e de cultivo. Porém, foram observadas diferenças significativas para os rendimentos da carcaça e do corte da barriga.
INFLUÊNCIA DAS VARIÁVEIS AMBIENTAIS NA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA DE UMA LAGOA COSTEIRA TROPICAL NO NORTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Pereira Maria Eduarda Garcia de Sousa , Asp Neto Nils Edvin , Moura Hanna Tereza Garcia de Sousa , Nunes Zélia Maria Pimentel
Published: August 2018

As lagoas costeiras exercem funções importantes de natureza ecológica e socioeconômica, devido à sua alta produtividade e ao uso múltiplo de suas águas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a variação temporal de algumas variáveis ambientais da água da Lagoa Salina (nordeste do Pará), cuja dinâmica apresenta características peculiares, variando em função da sazonalidade, das grandes marés de sizígia e das substâncias húmicas oriundas do manguezal, predominante na bacia de drenagem. A água foi monitorada, mensalmente, durante doze meses, com base nos valores de temperatura, salinidade, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, condutividade elétrica, turbidez, transparência, profundidade e pluviosidade. Os resultados mostraram que somente as variáveis, salinidade, condutividade e pH, apresentaram diferença significativa entre os períodos chuvoso e seco, indicando a influência da pluviosidade. A Análise de Componentes Principais explicou 71,9% da variação dos dados, com o Componente 1 refletindo a influência da sazonalidade sobre transparência da água, condutividade e pluviosidade, e o Componente 2 refletindo a influência das marés de sizígia e do início do período chuvoso sobre pH e turbidez. Todas essas características estabelecem, em determinados períodos, condições extremas à biota aquática.
WEIGHT-LENGTH RELATIONSHIP OF DEMERSAL FISH OF BAIA SUL, FLORIANÓPOLIS, SANTA CATARINA STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Dos Passos Ana Carolina , Cartagena Beatriz Fernanda Chinchilla , Hostim Silva Mauricio , Freitas Matheus Oliveira , Spach Henry Louis
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho apresenta a relação peso-comprimento de 35 espécies pertencentes a 27 famílias. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente entre 2001 e 2003 com redes de arrasto no Saco dos Limões, Baía Sul, Florianópolis (SC), Brasil. O peso total e o comprimento total das espécies com n ≥ 30 sofreram transformação logarítmica e foram plotados graficamente para identificação e remoção de outliers. Uma análise de regressão foi realizada para definir os parâmetros a e b, a partir dos quais a relação peso-comprimento de cada espécie foi estimada. A determinação do crescimento foi classificada em: isométrica (19 espécies), alométrica-positiva (12 espécies) e alométrica-negativa (4 espécies). A relação pesocomprimento para duas espécies encontradas neste estudo é inédita no Brasil, trazendo novas informações sobre a história de vida das espécies, além de resultados importantes para a avaliação da pesca regional.
AÇÃO DOS CONDIMENTOS ALIMENTARES IN NATURA SOBRE A MICROBIOTA PATÓGENA DURANTE O PROCESSAMENTO, PREPARO E/OU CONSUMO DO PESCADO: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA
Authors: Tarcitano Luiz Antonio Costa , De Mesquita Eliana de Fatima Marques
Published: August 2018

A Segurança Alimentar visa garantir à população acesso físico e econômico a alimentos inócuos e nutritivos. Esta pesquisa objetivou investigar a ocorrência de atividade antimicrobiana nos condimentos alimentares in natura utilizados no processamento, preparo e/ou consumo do pescado, por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura e abrange artigos publicados até julho de 2016. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicas LILACS; MEDLINE, SciELO; Google Acadêmico; CAPES, Cochrane Library; Scopus; ScienceDirect; PubMed. A inclusão dos artigos na revisão sistemática foi guiada pelo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) e o Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). A intepretação dos textos selecionados foi feita por meio de análise estatística descritiva e expressa em Figuras, quadros, diagrama de dispersão de dados e gráfico Box Plot, utilizando-se o programa IBM SPSS Statistics Base 22.0. Dos textos inicialmente identificados, 21 artigos foram considerados elegíveis para a revisão. Infere-se que a utilização das especiarias são uma boa opção no combate ao crescimento de bactérias, leveduras, fungos filamentosos e síntese de toxinas microbianas, bem como na inibição ou retardamento da oxidação do pescado. Similarmente, orégano, alecrim e sálvia foram os condimentos de maior efetividade antimicrobiana.
NEW REPORT OF THE SPECIES A steroporpa (A steroporpa ) annulata ÖRSTED & LÜTKEN IN: LÜTKEN, 1856 (ECHINODERMATA, OPHIUROIDEA, GORGONOCEPHALIDAE) FROM CEARÁ STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Monteiro Felipe Augusto Correia , Matthews-Cascon Helena
Published: August 2018

Ofiuroides da família Gorgonocephalidae são pouco encontrados no litoral brasileiro. Dentre essas a espécie Asteroporpa (Asteroporpa) annulata é representada por apenas um único exemplar que se encontra depositado em coleção cientifica. Dessa forma o presente trabalho tem como objetivo incluir um novo registro dessa espécie para o Brasil. Um único indivíduo dessa espécie foi obtido em novembro de 1990 a partir de uma amostra da expedição cientifica MAR XV realizada pelo Navio Oceanográfico alemão Victor Hensen. Esse achado sustenta a presença dessa espécie para o Brasil, representa um novo registro para o estado do Ceará e diminui a lacuna na distribuição conhecida dessa espécie.
INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE fishing down marine food webs NO SUL DO BRASIL: IMPLICAÇÕES FINANCEIRAS E PARA A SUSTENTABILIDADE
Authors: Lecheta Thiago Pinheiro , Afonso Maíra Gnoatto , Chaves Paulo de Tarso
Published: August 2018

O crescente desembarque pesqueiro de espécies de nível trófico baixo leva ao efeito fishing down food webs. O presente trabalho investiga se há sinais do efeito na pesca marinha no sul do Brasil entre os anos 1990 e 2007, e discute implicações financeiras e para a sustentabilidade da pesca. Consideraram-se peixes piscívoros os recursos de nível trófico ‘alto’ (P), e os de nível trófico ‘baixo’ os não piscívoros (NP). Compilaram-se informações sobre desembarques e valor de primeiro comércio. Constatou-se que na década de 1990 os desembarques de P eram permanentemente superiores apenas no Rio Grande do Sul, mas na década seguinte passaram a sê-lo também em São Paulo e Santa Catarina, contrário ao fishing down. Apesar de recursos P terem valor de comércio superior a NP, o valor financeiro dos desembarques (VDF) em dois estados caiu mais de 50%: em São Paulo, pela diminuição na safra de NP, como sardinha-verdadeira; e no Rio Grande do Sul, de P, como pescada-olhuda. Em Santa Catarina o VFD cresceu, por aumento nos desembarques de P, como bonito-listrado. Nessa pescaria o fishing down manifesta-se de forma indireta, preocupante, pelo significativo contingente de sardinha verdadeira capturada para uso como isca-viva.
O SOCIAL COMO PRIORIDADE NA PESCA ARTESANAL: DIRETRIZES INTERNACIONAIS PARA A PESCA ARTESANAL SUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: Pedrosa Beatriz Mesquita Jardim , Lessa Rosangela Paula Teixeira
Published: August 2018

As Diretrizes Voluntárias para assegurar a Pesca artesanal sustentável no contexto da Segurança Alimentar e Erradicação da Pobreza (Diretrizes da Pesca Artesanal) foram aprovadas em 2014 no âmbito da Organização das Nações Unidas para a Agricultura e Alimentação (FAO). Este artigo discute seu processo de criação e analisa os principais temas de conflito e mudanças ocorridas durante as consultas técnicas de elaboração do texto, realizadas pela FAO. As diretrizes da pesca mostram que a pesca artesanal envolve a interdisciplinaridade e exige governança em: garantia ao território, saúde, educação, segurança do trabalho e resolução de conflitos com outras atividades estão além da gestão da própria atividade pesqueira.
LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP OF THE SPINNER SHARK (Carcharhinus brevipinna) ON THE CONTINENTAL SHELF OF SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Authors: Dos Santos Paulo Roberto Santos , Santoro Prianka , Chelotti Luiza De David
Published: August 2018

Aqui apresentamos, a relação peso-comprimento do tubarão-rotador (Carcharhinus brevipinna) na plataforma continental do sul do Brasil, estimada a partir de análise de 125 exemplares. Não houve diferenças significativas entre machos e fêmeas, portanto os dados foram agrupados na equação W = 0,003L3.1534. Os resultados aqui apresentados são os primeiros a abordarem tubarões acima de 75 cm e confirmam o crescimento alométrico positivo da espécie.
DIRETIVAS ANTECIPADAS DE VONTADE: CONSTRUÇÃO DE BASES DOGMÁTICAS E JURÍDICAS
Authors: De Melo Vivianne Rodrigues
Published: August 2018

Pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, realizada na literatura médica e jurídica internacional e nacional, para apurar a validade da construção de bases dogmáticas e jurídicas do tema, com enfoque no direito brasileiro. Aborda as diretivas antecipadas de vontade como legítimo exercício da autonomia privada do paciente, diante da terminalidade da vida.
O AFETO COMO DIFERENCIAL NAS RELAÇÕES FAMILIARES: UM CONVITE À MEDIAÇÃO COMO MEIO ADEQUADO DE RESOLUÇÃO DE CONFLITOS
Authors: Oliveira Glenda Felix
Published: August 2018

A família passou por uma série de transformações ao longo dos anos, deixando para trás o caráter meramente biológico e passando a se apoiar em novas bases. Atualmente, a família deve ser compreendida como um grupo social que se baseia em torno de laços afetivos. Em razão dessa nova moldura, surgiu o desafio de estabelecer formas para a resolução de conflitos decorrentes dessas relações. Diante disso, este artigo teve o objetivo de, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica, apontar as peculiaridades das relações familiares, contemplando o afeto como seu traço diferencial. Teve ainda a ambição de compreender a mediação como a forma mais adequada para a resolução de tais conflitos. O método escolhido foi o jurídico-sociológico, que nos levou a constatar que a mediação deve ser estimulada nas ações familiares, por conseguir trabalhar de forma técnica com fatores tão subjetivos. O afeto, como base das relações familiares atuais, merece tratamento adequado dentro e fora do judiciário.
A TEORIA DO RECONHECIMENTO COMO SUPORTE PARA AÇÕES AFIRMATIVAS DE GÊNERO NO AMBIENTE DE TRABALHO: IGUALDADE DE GÊNERO EM UMA SOCIEDADE PLURAL
Authors: Silvério Vinícius Gabriel
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal o estudo da aplicabilidade da teoria do reconhecimento na releitura de Axel Honneth, juntamente analisada com os remédios afirmativos de reconhecimento e redistribuição de Nancy Fraser, os quais terão seus perfis e suas teorias abordadas especificamente, em atendimento a possibilitação da participação política e social das mulheres na coletividade. Para tanto, após analisar a proposta desses teóricos, cinge-se que uma possível solução para o problema da desigualdade de gênero são as ações afirmativas no âmbito do trabalho, levando em consideração todas as suas concepções teóricas e seus aspectos práticos no desenvolvimento da estruturação social contemporânea.
Functional Task and Balance Performance in Bed Rest Subjects and Astronauts
Authors: Miller Chris A. , Kofman Igor S. , Brady Rachel R. , May-Phillips Tiffany R. , Batson Crystal D. , Lawrence Emily L. , Taylor Laura C. , Peters Brian T. , Mulavara Ajitkumar P. , Feiveson Alan H. , Reschke Millard F. , Bloomberg Jacob J.
Published: August 2018

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine how short- and long-duration spaceflight affects astronauts’ performance on functional tests that challenge the balance control system (Seated Egress and Walk; Object Translation; Recovery from Fall/Stand; and Jump
Down) and on clinical tests of balance function (Computerized Dynamic Posturography and Tandem Walk). In addition, we examined how exercise affects functional performance after long-term axial body unloading during 70 d of bed rest at 6° head-down tilt.METHODS: Data were collected
twice during the 2-mo period before spaceflight or during the 2-wk period before bed rest, and four times after flight or bed rest: on the day of landing or the day bed rest ended, 1 d and 6 d later, and a final session 12 d after bed rest or 30 d after spaceflight.RESULTS: For
bed rest subjects, long-term axial unloading alone caused functional performance deficits immediately after bed rest. However, the addition of an exercise regimen did not significantly improve median functional performance immediately after this axial unloading. For spaceflight subjects, the
length of the space mission was directly related to the severity of functional performance deficits within 1 d of landing and during the subsequent recovery period after flight.DISCUSSION: The performance data suggest that an additional sensorimotor-based countermeasure may be necessary
to maintain functional performance at preflight levels immediately after spaceflight.Miller CA, Kofman IS, Brady RR, May-Phillips TR, Batson CD, Lawrence EL, Taylor LC, Peters BT, Mulavara AP, Feiveson AH, Reschke MF, Bloomberg JJ. Functional task and balance performance in bed rest
subjects and astronauts. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(9):805–815.
Cardiac Inflight Incapacitations of U.S. Airline Pilots: 1995–2015
Authors: DeJohn Charles A. , Mills William D. , Hathaway William , Larcher Julie
Published: August 2018

INTRODUCTION: Inflight medical incapacitations are rare events that can result in the loss of lives and aircraft. The potential for an in-flight medical event deserves the attention of certification authorities. Cardiac emergencies are among the most common serious events. The
primary focus of this study was to examine whether the proportions of pilots with reported cardiac conditions could be used to identify those who had inflight medical incapacitations.METHODS: The Civil Aerospace Medical Institute Inflight Incapacitation Registry was searched to
identify airline pilots with a cardiac history and an inflight medical event between 1995 and 2015. The Federal Aviation Administration's Decision Support System was searched for airline pilots without an inflight medical event. The cardiovascular history of incapacitated pilots was then compared
to that of airline pilots without incapacitation events.RESULTS: Although a significantly greater proportion of airline pilots with cardiac events had pacemakers than a control group with the same cardiac history who did not have inflight events, no significant difference was found
in the proportions of other markers of cardiac health.CONCLUSION: The proportions of airline pilots with identified cardiac conditions could not be reliably used to identify which pilots had inflight incapacitations.DeJohn CA, Mills WD, Hathaway W, Larcher J. Cardiac inflight
incapacitations of U.S. airline pilots: 1995–2015. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2018; 89(9):837–841.
Time-Dependent Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow and Arterial Pressure During Mild +Gz Hypergravity
Authors: Konishi Toru , Kurazumi Takuya , Kato Tomokazu , Takko Chiharu , Ogawa Yojiro , Iwasaki Ken-ichi
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND: Artificial hypergravity has been proposed to prevent or treat various forms of physiological deconditioning experienced during spaceflight. We have previously reported that cerebral blood flow decreased at 15−21 min of +1.5-Gz centrifugation without
decreases in arterial pressure at heart level. We reanalyzed our previous data to clarify time-dependent changes in cerebral blood flow and arterial pressure during mild +Gz hypergravity.METHOD: We reanalyzed data for 0–20 min during +1.5-Gz centrifugation
on 13 male subjects for whom physiological data were steadily recorded. Mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCBFVMCA), mean arterial pressure at heart level (MAPheart), and middle cerebral artery level (MAPMCA) during centrifugation
were averaged every 5 min and compared with prehypergravity data (+1.0 Gz, 5 min).RESULTS: MAPheart did not change significantly, but MAPMCA decreased significantly throughout centrifugation compared to prehypergravity data (−16.7% to −24.7%).
MCBFVMCA tended to be decreased at 0–5 min of +1.5-Gz centrifugation (−3.3%), but this was not statistically significant. MCBFVMCA was significantly decreased at 5–10 min (−5.5%). MCBFVMCA at 10–15 min and 15–20
min were also significantly decreased to almost the same level (−6.9% and −6.8%, respectively).DISCUSSION: No significant change in MAPheart was detected, whereas MAPMCA decreased significantly from the beginning of +1.5-Gz centrifugation.
On the other hand, MCBFVMCA gradually decreased and became roughly flat in the latter half of 20-min centrifugation. Understanding the different time-dependent changes in cerebral blood flow and arterial pressure under mild +Gz hypergravity might be important for implementation
of centrifuging as a countermeasure for spaceflight-induced deconditioning.Konishi T, Kurazumi T, Kato T, Takko C, Ogawa Y, Iwasaki K. Time-dependent changes in cerebral blood flow and arterial pressure during mild +Gz hypergravity. Aerosp
Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(9):787–791.
Effects of Manganese Nanoparticle Exposure on Nutrient Acquisition in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Dimkpa Christian , Singh Upendra , Adisa Ishaq , Bindraban Prem , Elmer Wade , Gardea-Torresdey Jorge , White Jason
Published: August 2018

Nanoparticles are used in a variety of products, including fertilizer-nutrients and agro-pesticides. However, due to heightened reactivity of nano-scale materials, the effects of nanoparticle nutrients on crops can be more dramatic when compared to non nano-scale nutrients. This study evaluated the effect of nano manganese-(Mn) on wheat yield and nutrient acquisition, relative to bulk and ionic-Mn. Wheat was exposed to the Mn types in soil (6 mg/kg/plant), and nano-Mn was repeated in foliar application. Plant growth, grain yield, nutrient acquisition, and residual soil nutrients were assessed. When compared to the control, all Mn types significantly (p < 0.05) reduced shoot N by 9–18%. However, nano-Mn in soil exhibited other subtle effects on nutrient acquisition that were different from ionic or bulk-Mn, including reductions in shoot Mn (25%), P (33%), and K (7%) contents, and increase (30%) in soil residual nitrate-N. Despite lowering shoot Mn, nano-Mn resulted in a higher grain Mn translocation efficiency (22%), as compared to salt-Mn (20%), bulk-Mn (21%), and control (16%). When compared to soil, foliar exposure to nano-Mn exhibited significant differences: greater shoot (37%) and grain (12%) Mn contents; less (40%) soil nitrate-N; and, more soil (17%) and shoot (43%) P. These findings indicate that exposure to nano-scale Mn in soil could affect plants in subtle ways, differing from bulk or ionic-Mn, suggesting caution in its use in agriculture. Applying nano Mn as a foliar treatment could enable greater control on plant responses.
The Responsibility of Veterinarians to Address Companion Animal Obesity
Authors: Kipperman Barry S. , German Alexander J.
Published: August 2018

Obesity is a modern-day epidemic in both people and companion animals. A summary of the current research on the causes, risk factors, consequences, and implications of overweight and obesity, and the compliance of small-animal practitioners in recognizing and addressing pet obesity, is provided. Ethical and animal welfare concerns are raised regarding these findings. We argue that a patient advocacy posture compels the veterinary profession to confront this issue more reliably. Evidence is presented to support obesity as a One-Health problem, and discrete and practical recommendations for preventing and addressing companion animal obesity are proposed. The One-Health perspective encourages coordinated action by veterinary healthcare professionals in order to address overweight and obesity in companion animals as a public health concern.
Double-Consensus Based Distributed Optimal Energy Management for Multiple Energy Hubs
Authors: Li Yu-Shuai , Li Tian-Yi , Zhou Jian-Guo , Huang Bo-Nan
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a novel distributed double-consensus algorithm to solve the optimal energy management problem for multiple energy hubs interconnected with each other. The objective is achieved by establishing two interactive and paralleled consensus procedures modified by their corresponding feedback terms. Meanwhile, a novel projection operation method is proposed to map the infeasible values into the feasible operating region. The proposed algorithm can effectively handle the coupled variables problem existing in the objective function and constraint limits. Moreover, the optimality and convergence analysis are performed strictly under strong connectivity conditions only. Simulations performed on standard test cases are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed algorithm.
Low-Power, High Data-Rate Digital Capsule Endoscopy Using Human Body Communication
Authors: Park Mi Jeong , Kang Taewook , Lim In Gi , Oh Kwang-Il , Kim Sung-Eun , Lee Jae-Jin , Park Hyung-Il
Published: August 2018

A technology for low-power high data-rate digital capsule endoscopy with human body communication (CEHBC) is presented in this paper. To transfer the image data stably with low power consumption, the proposed system uses three major schemes: Frequency selective digital transmission (FSDT) modulation with HBC, the use of an algorithm to select electrode pairs, and the LineSync algorithm. The FSDT modulation supports high-data rate transmission and prevents the signal attenuation effect. The selection algorithm of the electrode pair finds the best receiving channel. The LineSync algorithm synchronizes the data and compensates for data polarity during the long data transmission section between the capsule endoscope and the receiver. Because all the major functional blocks of the CEHBC transmitter can be implemented as digital logics, they can be easily fabricated using the field programmable gate array (FPGA). Moreover, this CEHBC transmitter can achieve low power-consumption and can support a relatively high data rate in spite of using its clock a few tens of MHz slower. The proposed CEHBC-TXD is the digital portion of the CEHBC transmitter that provides low-power (3.7 mW) and high data-rate (6 Mbps) performance while it supports a high-resolution image (480 × 480 byte) at 3.13 fps.
Acetic Acid as an Indirect Sink of CO2 for the Synthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA): Comparison with PHA Production Processes Directly Using CO2 as Feedstock
Authors: Garcia-Gonzalez Linsey , De Wever Heleen
Published: August 2018

White biotechnology is promising to transform CO2 emissions into a valuable commodity chemical such as the biopolymer polyhydroxyalkanaotes (PHA). Our calculations indicated that the indirect conversion of acetic acid from CO2 into PHA is an interesting alternative for the direct production of PHA from CO2 in terms of CO2 fixation, H2 consumption, substrate cost, safety and process performance. An alternative cultivation method using acetic acid as an indirect sink of CO2 was therefore developed and a proof-of-concept provided for the synthesis of both the homopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and the copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). The aim was to compare key performance parameters with those of existing cultivation methods for direct conversion of CO2 to PHA. Fed-batch cultivations for PHA production were performed using a pH-stat fed-batch feeding strategy in combination with an additional Dissolved Oxygen (DO)-dependent feed. After 118 h of fermentation, 60 g/L cell dry matter (CDM) containing 72% of PHB was obtained, which are the highest result values reported so far. Fed-batch cultivations for PHBV production resulted in 65 g/L CDM and 48 g/L PHBV concentration with a 3HV fraction of 27 mol %. Further research should be oriented towards process optimisation, whole process integration and design, and techno-economic assessment.
Measurements of High-Frequency Atmospheric Turbulence and Its Impact on the Boundary Layer of Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Schaffarczyk Alois Peter , Jeromin Andreas
Published: August 2018

To gain insight into the differences between onshore and offshore atmospheric turbulence, pressure fluctuations were measured for offshore wind under different environmental conditions. A durable piezo-electric sensor was used to sample turbulent pressure data at 50 kHz. Offshore measurements were performed at a height of 100 m on Germany’s FINO3 offshore platform in the German Bight together with additional meteorological data provided by Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). The statistical evaluation revealed that the stability state in the atmospheric boundary does not seem to depend on simple properties like the Reynolds number, wind speed, wind direction, or turbulence level. Therefore, we used higher statistical properties (described by so-called shape factors) to relate them to the stability state. Data was classified to be either within an unstable, neutral, or stable stratification. We found that, in case of stable stratification, the shape factor was mostly close to zero, indicating that a thermally stable environment produces closer-to Gaussian distributions. Non-Gaussian distributions were found in unstable and neutral boundary layer states, and an occurrence probability was estimated. Possible impacts on the laminar-turbulent transition on the blade are discussed with the application of so-called laminar airfoils on wind turbine blades.
Implementation of Backward Surface Waves by Multilayered Metal-Dielectric Metamaterials Partnering with Conventional Dielectric Media
Authors: Zhou Zhiyuan , Xin Jian , Song Yinglin , Zhang Xueru , Wang Yuxiao
Published: August 2018

It has been reported that backward surface waves of Tamm state can be supported by a multilayered metal–dielectric metamaterial with different partner materials, such as left-handed metamaterial or dissimilar metallic–dielectric metamaterial. In this paper, the transfer-matrix method is employed to reveal that transverse-magnetic (TM)-polarized backward surface waves can be realized by a multilayered metal–dielectric metamaterial in contact with a conventional homogenous dielectric medium. Owing to the strong optical nonlocality, the existence of such backward surface waves is proved to be dependent on the order of the metallic/dielectric layers. The relevant anomalous dispersion relations can also be dramatically engineered by varying the unit-cell thickness and the filling factor. Additionally, the distribution of the energy flow is presented to further unfold the physical mechanism of the backward surface waves. Finally, a numerical simulation of backward surface wave excited by a TM-polarized Gaussian beam based on a prism-coupled configuration is displayed.
Quinoxaline-Based Dual Donor, Dual Acceptor Organic Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Peddapuram Adithya , Cheema Hammad , McNamara Louis , Zhang Yanbing , Hammer Nathan , Delcamp Jared
Published: August 2018

A novel metal-free quinoxaline-based molecular framework with a dual donor and dual acceptor (DD-π-AA) motif has been introduced. Four sensitizers (AP6, AP8, AP9, and AP12) have been synthesized and fully characterized via UV–Vis absorption, cyclic voltammetry, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC), and in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) devices. Structural modifications to both the donor and acceptor/anchor regions were evaluated via structure–property relationships without altering the quinoxaline π-bridge. Through careful dye design, a broadly absorbing near-infrared (NIR) sensitizer extending electricity production to 800 nm is realized in DSC devices. Ground- and excited-state oxidation potentials were measured to show energetically favorable charge transfer events. Importantly, the dye structure was found to have a strong influence on dye energetics in different environments with structural elements allowing for either similar or dramatically different solution versus film measurements. The DSC device electrolyte was also found to have a significant influence on dye energetics as well. Electron transfer events were probed for each dye with DSC device measurements and with TCSPC studies. The results are correlated to the dye structures.
Solving the Path Planning Problem in Mobile Robotics with the Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Xue Yang , Sun Jian-Qiao
Published: August 2018

Path planning problems involve finding a feasible path from the starting point to the target point. In mobile robotics, path planning (PP) is one of the most researched subjects at present. Since the path planning problem is an NP-hard problem, it can be solved by multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs). In this article, we propose a multi-objective method for solving the path planning problem. It is a population evolutionary algorithm and solves three different objectives (path length, safety, and smoothness) to acquire precise and effective solutions. In addition, five scenarios and another existing method are used to test the proposed algorithm. The results show the advantages of the algorithm. In particular, different quality metrics are used to assess the obtained results. In the end, the research indicates that the proposed multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is a good choice for solving the path planning problem.
An Alternative to Real Number Axioms
Authors: Líška Igor , Riečan Beloslav , Tirpáková Anna
Published: August 2018

In the present paper we consider one of the basic theorems of probability theory on real numbers. We prove that it is equivalent with the supremum axiom of real numbers.
The Impact of Mesothelin in the Ovarian Cancer Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Hilliard Tyvette S.
Published: August 2018

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological disease among U.S. women. Poor 5-year survival rates (<30%) are due to presentation of most women at diagnosis with advanced stage disease with widely disseminated intraperitoneal metastasis. However, when diagnosed before metastatic propagation the overall 5-year survival rate is >90%. Metastasizing tumor cells grow rapidly and aggressively attach to the mesothelium of all organs within the peritoneal cavity, including the parietal peritoneum and the omentum, producing secondary lesions. In this review, the involvement of mesothelin (MSLN) in the tumor microenvironment is discussed. MSLN, a 40kDa glycoprotein that is overexpressed in many cancers including ovarian and mesotheliomas is suggested to play a role in cell survival, proliferation, tumor progression, and adherence. However, the biological function of MSLN is not fully understood as MSLN knockout mice do not present with an abnormal phenotype. Conversely, MSLN has been shown to bind to the ovarian cancer antigen, CA-125, and thought to play a role in the peritoneal diffusion of ovarian tumor cells. Although the cancer-specific expression of MSLN makes it a potential therapeutic target, more studies are needed to validate the role of MSLN in tumor metastasis.
DNA Mismatch Repair Protein Immunohistochemistry and MLH1 Promotor Methylation Testing for Practical Molecular Classification and the Prediction of Prognosis in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Kim Jisup , Kong Jin Kyoung , Yang Wookyeom , Cho Hanbyoul , Chay Doo Byung , Lee Bang Hyun , Cho Seong Jin , Hong Soonwon , Kim Jae-Hoon
Published: August 2018

The incidence of endometrial cancer is rapidly increasing worldwide, and its molecular classification has gained importance for new therapeutic approaches. This study sought to examine the clinicopathologic features and immune markers associated with the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) status and MLH1 promoter methylation status of endometrial cancer patients. A total of 173 patients with primary endometrial cancer who had received a hysterectomy were evaluated for four MMR proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2), immune markers (CD8, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)) and p53 by immunohistochemistry (IHC), followed by an MLH1 methylation test. Patients were classified into MMR deficiency or proficiency, sporadic cancer, or probable Lynch syndrome (PLS), and the clinicopathologic features (including the expression of peritumoral immune markers) and prognosis of each group were compared. Patients with MMR deficiency or PLS showed an increase in immune markers compared those with MMR proficiency or sporadic cancer, respectively, and PLS demonstrated higher immune marker expression than MLH1 promoter methylation. Regarding prognosis, patients with MMR deficiency showed significant adverse overall survival (OS) when in stages I and II. Practical molecular classifications based on p53 staining results, in addition to MMR or PLS status, revealed an increased predictive ability for OS compared with the European Society of Medical Oncologists (ESMO) risk groups. The results of this study suggest that PLS may be a better candidate for an immune checkpoint inhibitor than MMR deficiency. The practical molecular classification contributes not only to the screening of Lynch syndrome, but also assists in predicting the prognosis in endometrial cancer.
Evolution of Water Diffusion in a Sorption-Enhanced Methanation Catalyst
Authors: Delmelle Renaud , Terreni Jasmin , Remhof Arndt , Heel Andre , Proost Joris , Borgschulte Andreas
Published: August 2018

Sorption-enhanced methanation has consequent advantages compared to conventional methanation approaches; namely, the production of pure methane and enhanced kinetics thanks to the application of Le Châtelier’s principle. In this paper, we address the question of the long-term stability of a sorption-enhanced methanation catalyst-support couple: Ni nanoparticles on zeolite 5A. Compared to most conventional methanation processes the operational conditions of sorption-enhanced methanation are relatively mild, which allow for stable catalyst activity on the long term. Indeed, we show here that neither coking nor thermal degradation come into play under such conditions. However, a degradation mechanism specific to the sorption catalysis was observed under cyclic methanation/drying periods. This severely affects water diffusion kinetics in the zeolite support, as shown here by a decrease of the water-diffusion coefficient during multiple cycling. Water diffusion is a central mechanism in the sorption-enhanced methanation process, since it is rate-limiting for both methanation and drying.
Impact of Biomaterials on Differentiation and Reprogramming Approaches for the Generation of Functional Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Paoletti Camilla , Divieto Carla , Chiono Valeria
Published: August 2018

The irreversible loss of functional cardiomyocytes (CMs) after myocardial infarction (MI) represents one major barrier to heart regeneration and functional recovery. The combination of different cell sources and different biomaterials have been investigated to generate CMs by differentiation or reprogramming approaches although at low efficiency. This critical review article discusses the role of biomaterial platforms integrating biochemical instructive cues as a tool for the effective generation of functional CMs. The report firstly introduces MI and the main cardiac regenerative medicine strategies under investigation. Then, it describes the main stem cell populations and indirect and direct reprogramming approaches for cardiac regenerative medicine. A third section discusses the main techniques for the characterization of stem cell differentiation and fibroblast reprogramming into CMs. Another section describes the main biomaterials investigated for stem cell differentiation and fibroblast reprogramming into CMs. Finally, a critical analysis of the scientific literature is presented for an efficient generation of functional CMs. The authors underline the need for biomimetic, reproducible and scalable biomaterial platforms and their integration with external physical stimuli in controlled culture microenvironments for the generation of functional CMs.
Depression in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: DeFilippis Melissa
Published: August 2018

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity. The prevalence of comorbid depression seems to correlate with higher functioning forms of ASD and increasing age. Adolescence is a time when youth struggle with identity and interpersonal relationships, and a diagnosis of ASD further complicates this process. Adolescents with ASD may be more aware of the social communication deficits that come with the diagnosis than children with ASD, and it is theorized that higher functioning adolescents may experience this more acutely. While this may be true, the lack of reliable rating and diagnostic scales for depression in individuals with ASD makes it difficult to accurately measure rates of depression among individuals with more severe verbal deficits. While some research has focused on the prevalence of comorbid depression in children and adolescents with ASD and on the associated risk factors, there is very little evidence guiding treatment, including no empirical studies on psychopharmacology for depression in this population. Available evidence exists only in psychosocial approaches to treatment at this time and is mostly limited to adult studies. Current evidence will be presented in this review, including prevalence rates of depression in youth with ASD, various risk and protective factors, the use of diagnostic rating scales, and treatment studies. The lack of evidence supporting various treatment approaches will be highlighted, including challenges specific to the treatment of depression in ASD, which are not addressed in the current treatment studies in typically developing youth with depression.
Formation and Application of High Reflectivity Controllable Barium Sulfate Microspheres
Authors: Liu Yuejiao , Guo Xiaoyan , Gu Qingyang , He Guangxiang , Yang Suohe , Jin Haibo
Published: August 2018

This paper investigated the influence of reaction conditions on particle morphology. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), particle size distribution (PSD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the morphology of barium sulfate. The barium sulfate microspheres were synthesized with BaCl2, Na2SO4, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA·2Na). The reflectivity of the synthesized barium sulfate microspheres was greater than 99% in the range of 400–700 nm, which was characterized by a reflectance spectrometer. The morphology of the barium sulfate particles and their cross-section were observed by SEM. The prepared microspheres were applied to high-density lipoprotein dry tablets due to their high reflectivity, and the results showed that the prepared tablets had high sensitivity and good repeatability.
A Crystallographic Study of a Novel Tetrazolyl-Substituted Nitronyl Nitroxide Radical
Authors: Romanov Vasily E. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu. , Gorbunov Dmitry E. , Gritsan Nina P. , Zaytseva Elena V. , Luneau Dominique , Tretyakov Evgeny V.
Published: August 2018

Spin-labelled compounds are widely used in chemistry, physics, biology, and material sciences, but the directed synthesis of some functionalized organic radicals is still a challenge. We succeeded in the preparation of a tetrazolyl-substituted nitronyl nitroxide radical in pure crystalline form. According to the single-crystal X-ray data, intra- (NH…O, 2.43 Å) and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds (NH…O, 1.91 Å) are formed between NH groups of the tetrazole cycles and O atoms of the paramagnetic moieties. The intermolecular H-bonds connect the molecules forming chains along the a-axis. Moreover, there are short intermolecular contacts between the O atoms (3.096 Å) and between the O and C atoms (3.096 Å) of the nitronyl nitroxide moieties within the chain. The spin-unrestricted broken-symmetry calculations performed at the BS-UB3LYP/def2-TZVP level of theory predicted a sufficient ferromagnetic interaction (J ≈ 20 cm–1) between the adjacent radicals inside the chain, but a weak antiferromagnetic interaction (−J ≤0.2 cm−1) between the nearest radicals belonging to the different chains. Thus, a rare case when stable radicals, the tetrazolyl-substituted nitronyl nitroxides, are ordered into ferromagnetic chains was revealed; an investigation of the magneto-structural correlations inherent in the nitroxide radical will demand a special experiment in the sub-Kelvin regime.
Design of a Secondary Freeform Lens of UV LED Mosquito-Trapping Lamp for Enhancing Trapping Efficiency
Authors: Tseng Wei-Hsiung , Juan Diana , Hsiao Wei-Cheng , Chan Cheng-Han , Ma Hsin-Yi , Lee Hsiao-Yi
Published: August 2018

In this study, our proposed ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV LED) mosquito-trapping lamp is designed to control diseases brought by insects such as mosquitoes. In order to enable the device to efficiently catch mosquitoes in a wider area, a secondary freeform lens (SFL) is designed for UV LED. The lens is mounted on a 3 W UV LED light bar as a mosquito-trapping lamp of the new UV LED light bar module to achieve axially symmetric light intensity distribution. The special SFL is used to enhance the trapping capabilities of the mosquito-trapping lamp. The results show that when the secondary freeform surface lens is applied to the experimental outdoor UV LED mosquito-trapping lamp, the trapping range can be expanded to 100π·m2 and the captured mosquitoes increased by about 300%.
Solving Environmental Problems Together? The Roles of Value Orientations and Trust in the State in Environmental Policy Support among Swedish Undergraduate Students
Authors: Harring Niklas , Torbjörnsson Tomas , Lundholm Cecilia
Published: August 2018

This paper explores whether value orientation (VO) and trust in the state (TIS) are linked to support for environmental intervention and steering among Swedish students in economics, law, and political science. Furthermore, we considered whether environmental personal norms mediate the link between VO and support for environmental policy instruments and finally, whether TIS moderates the link between environmental personal norms and support for environmental policy instruments, testing this on a sample of over 800 Swedish students. We found a positive link between both a self-transcendence VO and TIS on environmental policy support; however, we cannot confirm a moderating effect of TIS on the relation between environmental personal norms and policy support. Furthermore, left-wing students displayed stronger support for environmental intervention. We conclude that more knowledge on programme-specific characteristics regarding environmental values, beliefs, and attitudes among freshman students can enhance sustainability teaching intended to develop the students’ critical and reflective capabilities.
Improvement of Colour Gamut in Bottom-Emission Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Using Micro-Cavity Structure Embedded Cathodes
Authors: Lee Hyunkoo , Lee Jonghee , Lee Jeong-Ik , Cho Nam Sung
Published: August 2018

We demonstrate an approach for improving the colour gamut of bottom-emission organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) through micro-cavity structure embedded cathodes. The devices with micro-cavity structure embedded cathodes showed an improved colour gamut of 91.5% (National Television System Committee (NTSC)), 95.8% (Adobe RGB), and 129.2% (sRGB), compared to those of the devices without micro-cavity structure embedded cathodes—59.2% (NTSC), 62.0% (Adobe RGB), 83.6% (sRGB). In addition, the performance of red, green, and blue devices are also investigated depending on the optical length of the micro-cavity structure.
Fatty Acids Variation in Seed of Eucommia ulmoides Populations Collected from Different Regions in China
Authors: Du Qingxin , Wang Lu , Liu Panfeng , Qing Jun , Sun Caowen , Sun Zhiqiang , Du Hongyan
Published: August 2018

Fruits of 240 Eucommia ulmoides Oliver individuals were collected from 12 different geographical regions across a wide area of China. The seed oil content ranged from 28.54% in Guilin and Lueyang to 31.35% in Chaoyang. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the seed oil revealed that linolenic acid (56.68–60.70%), oleic acid (16.31–17.80%), and linoleic acid (11.02–13.32%) were the major components, and the oil showed good potential for the food and health care industries. Three levels (high, medium, and low) of linolenic acid and oil content were observed among the 12 populations according to principal component analysis. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that environmental factors had a large influence on oil content and fatty acids composition and explained 89.33% of the total variance. Latitude and precipitation were key environmental factors and were significantly correlated with the fatty acid composition of E. ulmoides seeds.
Benchmarking Current Capabilities for the Generation of Excitation and Photoionisation Atomic Data
Authors: Ramsbottom Catherine , Ballance Connor , Smyth Ryan , Conroy Andrew , Fernández-Menchero Luis , Turkington Michael , Keenan Francis
Published: August 2018

The spectra currently emerging from modern ground- and space-based astronomical instruments are of exceptionally high quality and resolution. To meaningfully analyse these spectra, researchers utilise complex modelling codes to replicate the observations. The main inputs to these codes are atomic data such as excitation and photoionisation cross sections, as well as radiative transition probabilities, energy levels, and line strengths. In this publication, the current capabilities of the numerical methods and computer packages used in the generation of these data are discussed. Particular emphasis is given to Fe-peak species and the heavy systems of tungsten and molybdenum. Some of the results presented to highlight certain issues and/or advances have already been published in the literature, while other sections present new recently evaluated atomic data for the first time.