bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG POLA PEMBERIAN MAKAN PADA ANAK BALITA DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS SIDOMULYO KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: Rita Puspa Sari  , Karimah Aulya , Ruminem Ruminem , Samsugito Iwan
Published: November 2023

Latar Belakang: Kebiasaan dalam pemberian makanan yang benar sangat penting untuk keberlangsungan kehidupan, pertumbuhan, perkembangan, serta gizi bagi balita. Pengetahuan ibu akan sangat berpengaruh saat memberikan makan pada balita baik dari jumlah, jenis, dan frekuensi pemberian serta adanya kebiasaan yang merugikan kesehatan dan menjadi penyebab utama terjadinya masalah gizi pada balita.

Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi tingkat pengetahuan  ibu tentang pola pemberian makan pada anak balita  di wilayah puskesmas sidomulyo kota Samarinda.

Metode: Menggunakan metode Deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei, teknik pengambilan sampel dengan cara Purposive Sampling. Sampel adalah Ibu yang memiliki anak usia 1-5 tahun berjumlah 38 responden, instrumen penelitian dengan Kuesioner dan teknik analisa data dengan teknik univariat.

Hasil: Dari jumlah responden penelitian sebanyak 38 orang didapatkan hasil sebanyak 23 responden (60%) pengetahuan baik, 14 responden (37%) pengetahuan cukup, dan 1 responden (3%) pengetahuan kurang.

Kesimpulan: Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Pola Pemberian Makan pada Balita di Wilayah Puskesmas Sidomulyo Samarinda termasuk dalam kategori Baik.

Saran : Ibu yang memiliki anak balita harus lebih giat lagi dalam memperoleh informasi tentang pola pemberian makan pada balita agar terpenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sesuai dengan usianya

 

Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, Pola Pemberian Makan, Balita
Acanthostega gunnari, a Devonian tetrapod from Greenland; the snout, palate and ventral parts of the braincase, with a discussion of their significance
Authors: Clack J. A.
Published: November 2023

The snout, including the naris and choana, and the palate, ventral parts of the brain case and suspensorium of Acanthostega gunnari are described from three-dimensional specimens and sections. The naris is low on the snout, and the choana and vomerine dentition resemble those of osteolepiform fishes. The braincase is ossified in two portions in ventral view, with the ventral cranial fissure still evident. Dorsally, however, the otic region and sphenethmoid are co-ossified, so there was no movement possible between them. The palate is "closed" as in osteolepi forms and primitive tetrapods, and the parasphenoid is grooved as in some osteolepiforms. It is argued that the low naris and divided braincase represent the primitive condition for tetrapods, and that the condition of the naris and choana most closely resemble those of panderichthyid fishes among sarcopterygians.
Microparticles, soil derived chemical components and sea salt in the Hans Tausen Ice Cap ice core from Peary Land, North Greenland
Authors: Steffensen Jørgen Peder , Siggaard-Andersen Marie-Louise , Stampe Mia , Clausen Henrik B.
Published: November 2023

Selected segments of the 344 m deep ice core from Hans Tausen ice cap in Peary Land, North Greenland have been stratigraphically analyzed for chemical impurities and insoluble microparticles (Dust). Two different components of the microparticles have been identified by their different size distributions: A component of small particles from remote sources, and a component of large particles from local sources. The abundance of large particles increases with depth (and age) in the ice core resulting in an increase in total dust mass. Very high dust mass in the lowest 100 m of the core are believed to be a result of meltwater run-off. Compared to Central Greenland ice cores the Hans Tausen ice is strongly enriched in soluble crustal material from local sources manifested by high concentrations of Ca2+ and nss. Mg2+. In the bottom 100 m section our results indicate a loss of Ca2+ and Mg2+ relative to dust due to melt water runoff. Sea salt concentrations show little variation with depth, and our results indicate, that the sea salt in Hans Tausen ice is from remote sources. The North Polar Sea has not been a significant source of sea salt in the life time of the Hans Tausen ice cap. All our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the Hans Tausen ice cap was formed sometime during the Holocene: It started as a small ice cap of superimposed ice with heavy melting and strong influence of local dust sources. With time the ice cap grew, both horizontally and vertically, the surface got colder with less melting and the influence from local sources got weaker. Today the impurity content of Hans Tausen snow is comparable to that of the Central Greenland ice sheet with the exception of the influence of soluble crustal material from the ice free Peary Land area which remains.
Late Weichselian and Flandrian biostratigraphy and chronology from Hochstetter Forland, Northeast Greenland
Authors: Björck Svante , Persson Thomas
Published: December 2023

Two lakes on Hochstetter Forland have been analysed with respect to lithostratigraphy and pollen and algae stratigraphy. The sediments have been radiocarbon dated and these dates show that Hochstetter Forland was not covered by the Inland Ice during the Late Weichselian. The early Flandrian stratigraphic sequences of the two lakes are interrupted by barren interzones, dated at 10 100 - 8100 B. P. and 10 100 - 9200 B. P., which are partly correlated to an ice-advance. No evidence for an earlier ice-advance during the Late Weichselian has been found. Apart from the abundance of pollen grains indicating pioneer vegetation, Artemisia pollen grains are found in high quantities in the Late Weichselian, although it is today not found within the area. The Flandrian pollen stratigraphy indicates a development similar to that which has been found in the Scoresby Sund area. However, Cassiope tetragona and Salix arctica immigrate much earlier than further south. The Flandrian climatic optimum in the Hochstetter Forland area seems to have been reached between 6000 and 5000 B. P. The Flandrian shore-line displacement is roughly estimated.
Nares Strait and the drift of Greenland: a conflict in plate tectonics: List of contents
Authors: Dawes Peter R. , Kerr J. William
Published: December 2023

Abstract not relevant.
Connecting Repositories to the Global Research Community: A Re-Curation Process
Authors: Habermann Ted
Published: November 2023

Over the last decade, significant changes have affected the work that data repositories of all kinds do. First, the emergence of globally unique and persistent identifiers (PIDs) has created new opportunities for repositories to engage with the global research community by connecting existing repository resources to the global research infrastructure. Second, repository use cases have evolved from data discovery to data discovery and reuse, significantly increasing metadata requirements.To respond to these evolving requirements, we need retrospective and on-going curation, i.e. re-curation, processes that 1) find identifiers and add them to existing metadata to connect datasets to a wider range of communities, and 2) add elements that support reuse to globally connected metadata.The goal of this work is to introduce the concept of re-curation with representative examples that are generally applicable to many repositories: 1) increasing completeness of affiliations and identifiers for organizations and funders in the Dryad Repository and 2) measuring and increasing FAIRness of DataCite metadata beyond required fields for institutional repositories.These re-curation efforts are a critical part of reshaping existing metadata and repository processes so they can take advantage of new connections, engage with global research communities, and facilitate data reuse.
La place de la réussite éducative dans la collaboration école-familles face aux enjeux de réussite scolaire
Authors: Rienzo Stefanie
Published: November 2023

Cette contribution cherche à mieux comprendre quelle est la place accordée à la réussite éducative dans la collaboration école-familles face aux enjeux toujours plus forts de réussite scolaire. Le corpus sur lequel s’appuie les résultats est constitué d’observations participantes au sein d’une école, d’observationsin situdes rencontres entre le personnel enseignant, les parents et les enfants, ainsi que d’entretiens semi-directifs menés avec chaque acteur et actrice. L’étude montre que les rencontres entre le personnel enseignant et les parents sont encore principalement centrées sur la réussite scolaire des enfants, et moins sur leur réussite éducative, ce qui peut d’une part aggraver les inégalités sociales et scolaires, et d’autre part inhiber le bien-être et le développement personnel de chaque enfant.
Two-dimensional numerical simulation of pre-ionized direct-current glow discharge in atmospheric helium
Authors: Liu Zai-Hao , Liu Ying-Hua , Xu Bo-Ping , Yin Pei-Qi , Li Jing , Wang Yi-Shan , Zhao Wei , Duan Yi-Xiang , Tang Jie ,   State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China,   Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the effect of pre-ionization on the small-gap and large-gap direct-current glow discharge at atmospheric pressure are investigated based on a two-dimensional self-consistent fluid model. For both the discharges, the results show that with the enhancement of pre-ionization, the charged particle distribution gradually shifts toward the cathode along the discharge direction, making the cathode fall zone shrink continuously. The width of the positive column region, negative glow space, and cathode fall zone continuously extend along the vertical discharge direction, and the distribution of electron density and ion density are more uniform. For the electric field, with the enhancement of pre-ionization, the longitudinalal component distribution of the electric field in the cathode fall zone gradually contracts toward the cathode, and the overall electric field near the cathode decreases and becomes more uniformly distributed. The transverse component distribution of the electric field gradually decreases and shrinks toward the wall. The overall electron temperature in the discharge space decreases with the enhancement of the pre-ionization level, and the electron temperature distribution in the cathode fall zone gradually shrinks toward the cathode. In addition, the overall potential of the discharge space also decreases. The introduction of pre-ionization significantly reduces the maintaining voltage and discharge power of the direct-current glow discharge. Furthermore, the potential drop in the small-gap discharge is always concentrated in the cathode fall zone as the pre-ionization increases, while the potential drop in the large-gap discharge is gradually shifted from the cathode fall zone to the positive column region. This simulation shows that the pre-ionization not only effectively enhances the discharge uniformity, but also largely reduces the maintaining voltage and energy consumption of the direct-current glow discharge. This work is an important guideline for further optimizing the electrode configuration and the operating parameters of the plasma source.
Enhancement mechanism of red up-conversion emission in single NaYbF4:2%Er3+@NaYbF4 micron core-shell structure
Authors: Yan Xue-Wen , Zhang Jing-Lei , Zhang Zheng-Yu , Ding Peng , Han Qing-Yan , Zhang Cheng-Yun , Gao Wei , Dong Jun ,   School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China
Published: November 2023

The construction of core-shell structure can effectively reduce the quenching effect on the surface of material and regulate ion-ion interaction, which has become one of the effective ways to enhance and regulate the spectral characteristics of rare-earth upconversion luminescent materials. In this paper, a variety of NaYbF4: 2%Er3+ micron core-shell structures are constructed with the help of epitaxial growth technology, effectively improving the red up-conversion emission of Er3+ ions. The prepared microcrystals with core-shell structures are of hexagonal phase microdisks, and their sizes are relatively uniform. In order to better obtain the material spectral data, a confocal microscopic spectroscopy is used to study spectral properties. Under 980 nm near-infrared laser excitation, the red emission intensity of single NaYbF4:2%Er3+@NaYbF4@NaYF4 core-shell-shell microdisk is 4.6 times higher than that of NaYbF4:2%Er3+ micron disk, and the red-to-green ratio increases from 6.3 to 8.1. Meanwhile, Ho3+ ions are introduced into the NaYbF4:2%Er3+@NaYbF4: 2%Ho3+ @NaYF4 core-shell-shell microdisk, and the red emission intensity is nearly 6.7 times higher than that of single NaYbF4: 2%Er3+ microdisk, and the red-to-green ratio increases from 6.3 to 9.4 through the interaction between ions. The microcrystal spectral characteristics and luminescence kinetics of different core-shell structures are studied, showing that the red emission enhancement of Er3+ ions is mainly derived from the construction of different core-shell structures, which can effectively enhance the cross-relaxation between Er3+ ions, the energy back transfer between Yb3+ and Er3+ ions, and the energy transfer from Ho3+ ions to Er3+ ions. The micron core-shell structures with efficient red emission in this study has great application prospects in the fields of luminescence, anti-counterfeiting and optoelectronic devices.
Forensic Considerations in Postmortem Cases of Sudden Death during or after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Data from The National Forensic Service in Korea, 2015 to 2021
Authors: Park Sohyung , Kim Moon-Young , Choi Byung-Ha , Seo Jeong-Uk , Kim Seong Ho , Kim Dong Yeong , Kim Minjung , Won Yujin , Kim Junmo , Jang Seon Jung , Heo Jin-Haeng , Kim HyeJeong , Jeon Su Jeong
Published: December 2023

Sudden death during or after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) could be led to potential medicolegal disputes. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and postmortem findings in PCI-related deaths-focusing on the current statusto inform preventive strategies against these fatalities. Forty-three cases were retrieved from the National Forensic Service's postmortem records between 2015 and 2021, and the corresponding postmortem findings and clinical information were analyzed. The analyses revealed a relatively consistent annual incidence of PCI-related deaths. Immediate deaths during or shortly after PCI occurred in 17 cases (39.5%), and delayed PCI-related deaths after discharge from the hospital occurred in 26 cases (60.5%). The causes of PCI-related deaths in the postmortem cases were categorized into four groups: PCI complications (11 cases, 26%), acute myocardial infarction (23 cases, 53%), ischemic heart disease (8 cases, 19%), and others (1 case, 2%). Postmortem examinations played a critical role in determining the cause of death and obtaining medical evidence, including pathological findings of the heart as well as those of coronary artery and stent insertion. Our findings suggest that a detailed examination of the heart, coronary arteries, stent status, and atherosclerosis in PCI-related deaths could help provide more accurate information as medical evidence and prevent/resolve potential medicolegal issues. Further, this could advance our understanding of PCI-related deaths and inform future preventive strategies.
Rest-activity circadian rhythm in hospitalized older adults with mild cognitive impairment in Korea and its relationship with salivary alpha amylase: an exploratory study
Authors: Suh Minhee , Choi Jihye
Published: November 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the rest-activity circadian rhythm (RAR) using data obtained from wearable actigraph devices in hospitalized older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to investigate its relationship with salivary alpha amylase (sAA).Methods: This secondary data analysis used data from the Hospitalized Older Adults’ Cognition and Physical Activity Study. Actigraph data for 3-4 days were analyzed for RAR. RAR indices such as interdaily stability (IS), intradaily variability (IV), activity level during the most active 10-hour period and during the most least active 5-hour period, and relative amplitude (RA) were calculated. Data on sAA collected in the morning and general characteristics, including body mass index (BMI), were analyzed. Results: Data from 92 hospitalized older adults with MCI were analyzed. The IS, IV, RA were 0.23, 0.73, 0.88, respectively. The average level of sAA was 77.02 U/mL, and a higher level of sAA was significantly associated with better IS and RA in the regression analysis, while age, BMI, and cognitive level were not. BMI showed positive correlations with IS and RA. Conclusion: RAR in the hospitalized older adults with MCI was attenuated, showing especially low IS, which implies they failed to maintain regular and repetitive 24-hour RAR. Increased sAA and BMI were associated with robust RAR. Nurses need to pay attention to maintain robust RAR in hospitalized older adults with MCI, and strategies should be developed to improve their RAR.
Sécurité ou insécurité alimentaire ? Perception des personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux graves
Authors: Briand Catherine , St-Paul Rose-Anne , Lagacé Martin , Massé Gabrielle , Dumont Amélie , Gravel Alexandre , Lafrance Edith , Chayer Alex
Published: November 2023

Les difficultés fonctionnelles, le faible statut socioéconomique et l’isolement social font partie des facteurs qui influencent les choix alimentaires des personnes ayant un ayant un trouble mental grave. Quelles sont les difficultés rencontrées par les personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux graves concernant l’alimentation ? Cet article présente les résultats d’entrevues de groupe auprès de 23 participants atteints d’un trouble mental grave et à risque d’insécurité alimentaire. Cette étude vise à documenter la perception de ces personnes à l’égard de leur situation alimentaire afin de décrire cette réalité et en permettre une compréhension approfondie. L’analyse qualitative des données d’entrevue permet d’identifier 4 grands thèmes explicatifs.
Breaking the Silence: Revolutionizing Organizational Performance through Employee Voice
Authors: Pandey Dhruba Lal , Risal Nischal , Basnet Bhupindra Jung
Published: November 2023

Organizations are increasingly realizing the value of the voice of their staff as a resource in a dynamic and fierce world of business. Therefore, the study examines the role of employee voice in revolutionizing organizations and improving performance.

The research involved a comprehensive survey, with data collected from 101 respondents.  Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data management and analysis.  and correlation and regression were used to analyze the data. These two tools were used so as to examine the impact of voice on employee performance and check the moderating effect of organizational trust on the relationship between employee voice and organizational performance. The study found that fostering open communication and receiving feedback from employees positively influences productivity and reduces attrition rates. Effective leadership and communication channels play pivotal roles in this the performance of organization. The results revealed significant relationships between the variables under scrutiny, and the mediating variable was found to exert a noteworthy impact.  Nepal is facing a serious turnover problem and low productivity. Organizations can utilize the finding of the study while developing HR policies for minimizing employee turnover and increase productivity.
Some Physiological Parameters of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Juveniles fed Composite Insect Meal and Phyto-Additives in Cage Culture System
Authors: Adeparusi Eunice Oluwayemisi , Ijeoma Ogwume God’slove , Gbadamosi Oluyemi Kazeem
Published: November 2023

A 70 days experiment was conducted to examine the effect of fishmeal substitution with defatted African palm weevil larvae supplemented with phyto-additives on the growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. Seven diets were formulated containing 45% crude protein: control diet was formulated using fishmeal as the principal protein source, three individual diets were prepared using 17% each of fish meal and defatted African palm weevil larvae supplemented with Telfairia occidentalis, Corchorus olitorious and Cymbopogon citratus as phyto-additives. Another three individual diets were prepared using 17% each of fish meal and  defatted African palm weevil larvae supplemented with a mixture of Telfaria occidentalis and Corchorus olitorious, Telfairia occidentalis and Cymbopogon citratus, and Corchorus olitorious and Cymbopogon citratus as phyto-additives making it a total of seven diets. A total of 450 juveniles of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was used for the experiment and distributed into 21 baskets embedded in a pond each containing 20(7.50±0.00-7.53±0.00 g/fish) fish.  At the end of the feeding trial, the mean weight gain was significantly different (P>0.05) across the fish fed experimental diets. The fish fed with African palm weevil and Telfairia occidentalis as phyto-additives recorded the highest mean weight gain(95.66±25.64) percentage weight gain(91.77±2.14) compared to the other groups. The nutrient utilization indices such as feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio were found to be better in fish fed African palm weevil compared with the CONTROL group. A significantly higher whole-body protein was recorded in fish fed African palm weevil and phyto-additives. From this study, it was concluded that processed African palm weevil larvae with phyto-additives especially Telfairia occidentalis can effectively replace fishmeal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus juveniles.
Epidemiological Profile of Accidental Poisoning in Children, Retrospective Study at Benghazi Children’s Hospital, Libya, 2021
Authors: Alaqeli Eman , Elzwai Salma. , Atia Ahmed , Ahmed Fawzia , Abuagela Manal , Alwaseea Najia , Mousa Arij , Jerbi Rehab , Ashur Abir Ben , Magrahi Hamida El , Abdulwahed Eman
Published: November 2023

Aims: This study aimed to determine the clinical and epidemiological profile, and outcomes of accidental poisonings in children.

Study Design:  This observational retrospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: General ward and ICU of Benghazi Children's Hospital, from the 1st of January to the 31 of December 2021.

Methodology: The study included 232 children up to 15 years old (131 males, 101 females) who were admitted with acute poisoning (either comatose or stable). Complete demographical, clinical, and outcomes data were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 software.

Results:  out of 232 children admitted for poisoning 56% were drug poisoning, while 44% were non-drug poisoning.  Children, less than 3 years were more liable for poisoning 61.2%. Males were poisoned more than females in all age groups 56.5%. The type of poisoning was found strong correlation with age and was higher in younger (P=.002), living in urban areas (P=.022). The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the types of drugs and age groups (P=.000). In almost all cases 93.1% were due to accidental/ unintentional poisoning. More than 88.3% of the cases were exposed to poisoning through the oral route. Overall, 29.3% of drug-poisoning children were asymptomatic, whereas all non-drug-poisoning children were symptomatic and most had mild symptoms. Most cases were discharged in good condition, and only one case died due to anti-psychiatric drug poisoning. 

Conclusion: The findings confirm that children under 3 years are more prone to accidental poisoning. Antipsychiatry drugs and cannabis were the most commonly involved in the poisoning.

Recommendations: Accidental toxic exposures could be avoidable by preventive measures. The cornerstone of management for children’s poisoning is appropriate public education and raising awareness among parents about safe practices of storing medications and toxic household chemicals.
Epidemiological, Clinical and Radiological Profile of Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 at the Epidemic Treatment Centre of the Fann Hospital, Dakar during the Third and Fourth Waves
Authors: Fall Ndeye Maguette , Cisse Viviane Marie Pierre , Mbaye Khardiata Diallo , Lakhe Ndeye Aissatou , Massaly Aminata , Ka Daye , Sarr Alassane , Diouf Papa Latyr Junior , Thioub Daouda , Badiane Aboubakar Sidikh , Fortes Louise , Ba Pape Samba , Sall Amadou Alpha , Seydi Moussa
Published: November 2023

Aims: To describe the epidemiological, clinico-biological and radiological aspects of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection at the Fann Epidemics Treatment Center (ETC).

Methodology: Cross-sectional study in Fann hospital, between July 2021 and March 2022. We included all patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection on the basis of epidemiological, clinical and CT scanographic evidence associated with a positive RT-PCR or Ag RDT. The data were entered into Excel and analysed using R software. Qualitative variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies. Quantitative variables were described by the average accompanied by its standard deviation or the median associated with the extremes according to their distribution.

Results: A total of 248 patients were enrolled during the study period. The average age was 61.7 ±15.2 years. Of the 248 patients, 110 were women (44.4%). High blood pressure was the most frequent comorbidity and was found in 89 patients (35.89%), followed by diabetes (21.7%) and obesity (7.26%) respectively. Three quarters (76.6%) of our patients had not been vaccinated against COVID-19. Dyspnoea was the most frequently encountered clinical symptoms (77%). More than a third of patients (39%) had extra-respiratory symptoms. A total of 109 patients underwent d-dimer testing, of whom 80 (73.4%) had levels ≥ 500ng/ml. One hundred and eighty-two patients (73.4%) had undergone thoracic CT or CT angio. And among them, 71.9% had ground-glass lesions, and half (50%) had severe to critical lesions. In our study, 52 patients died, representing a case-fatality rate of 21%.

Conclusion: Our study population consisted mainly of elderly subjects, most of whom had not been vaccinated against COVID-19 and had one or more comorbidities, the most representative of which were high blood pressure, diabetes and heart diseases. In this population, the mortality rate of COVID-19 was significant, approximately one in four patients.
Concepts for selection and utilization of psychiatric medications in pregnancy
Authors: Vickery P. Brittany
Published: December 2023

Psychiatric illness may develop or relapse during pregnancy, and understanding best practices is paramount. In 2017, the British Association for Psychopharmacology (BAP) consensus guidance on the use of psychotropic medication preconception, in pregnancy, and postpartum was released. The BAP guidelines provide concise evidence and additional insight and flexibility for use of psychiatric medication. Key takeaways of these guidelines are highlighted serving as a concise reference for practitioners. Additionally, practice points, such as recommendations for rapid tranquilization and the role of long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications as well as additional insights to the growing body of literature associated with psychiatric medications in pregnancy since 2017 are summarized. Providers are strongly encouraged to stay up to date to provide optimal care for pregnant patients and their babies.
Ethnopsychopharmacology: Clinical and scientific writing pearls
Authors: Leung Jonathan G.
Published: December 2023

The concept of ethnopsychopharmacology aims to predict or explain the pharmacologic response to psychiatric medications based on the influence of biologic and nonbiologic factors. Interactions involving these factors are complex and influence patient outcomes in health care. Pharmacists and other clinicians working in patient care environments, research, or medical education should engage in lifelong learning to enhance ethnopsychopharmacologic knowledge gaps, which ultimately may improve and individualize care across diverse populations. Through two cases, this paper provides pearls on how biogeographical ancestry and cytochrome P450 status may influence pharmacotherapy selection, dosing, or response. A third scenario highlights a publication, like many other published works, with deficiencies in how data on ancestry, race, and ethnicity are collected or reported. Current recommendations on the use of inclusive language in scientific writing are reviewed, with attention to specific examples.
Deciding When It’s Better to Deprescribe Medicines Than to Continue Them
Authors: Rubin Rita
Published: November 2023

This Medical News article discusses why physicians don’t stop prescribing drugs that may no longer be needed.
Fast-Growing Frontal Subcutaneous Nodule in a Young Woman
Authors: Barrabés-Torrella Cristina , Melé-Ninot Gemma , Fernández-Figueras María Teresa
Published: November 2023

A woman in her 20s presented with a firm, mobile, painful, fast-growing subcutaneous nodule in the glabella. What is your diagnosis?
Risk of Suicide and Psychiatric Disorders Among Isotretinoin Users
Authors: Tan Nicole Kye Wen , Tang Adelina , MacAlevey Neil Chen Yi Lun , Tan Benjamin Kye Jyn , Oon Hazel H.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Isotretinoin is hypothesized to contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders, but the epidemiological association and risk factors associated with psychiatric disorders among isotretinoin users remain unclear.

Objective

To clarify the absolute and relative risk and risk factors associated with suicide and psychiatric disorders among isotretinoin users.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception until January 24, 2023.

Study Selection

Randomized trials and observational studies were selected if they reported the absolute risk, relative risk, and risk factors for suicide and psychiatric disorders among isotretinoin users.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Relevant data were extracted and risk of bias was evaluated at the study level using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were pooled using inverse variance-weighted meta-analyses. Heterogeneity was measured using the I2 statistic, and meta-regression analyses were performed.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Absolute risk (percentage), relative risks (risk ratios [RR]), and risk factors (RR) of suicide and psychiatric disorders among isotretinoin users.

Results

A total of 25 studies including 1 625 891 participants were included in the review and 24 in the meta-analysis. Among the included studies, participants’ average age ranged from 16 to 38 years, and distribution by sex ranged from 0% to 100% male. The 1-year pooled absolute risk from between 2 and 8 studies of completed suicide, suicide attempt, suicide ideation, and self-harm were each less than 0.5%, while that of depression was 3.83% (95% CI, 2.45-5.93; I2 = 77%) in 11 studies. Isotretinoin users were less likely than nonusers to attempt suicide at 2 years (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.84-1.00; I2 = 0%), 3 years (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77-0.95; I2 = 0%), and 4 years (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72-1.00; I2 = 23%) following treatment. Isotretinoin was not associated with the risk of all psychiatric disorders (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.99-1.19; I2 = 0%). Study-level meta-regression found that studies with participants of older age reported lower 1-year absolute risk of depression, while those with a higher percentage of male participants reported a higher 1-year absolute risk of completed suicide.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings suggest that at a population level, isotretinoin users do not have increased risk of suicide or psychiatric conditions but may instead have a lower risk of suicide attempts at 2 to 4 years following treatment. While these findings are reassuring, clinicians should continue to practice holistic psychodermatologic care and monitor patients for signs of mental distress during isotretinoin treatment.
Antipsychotic Medications and Mortality in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Ray Wayne A. , Fuchs D. Catherine , Olfson Mark , Patrick Stephen W. , Stein C. Michael , Murray Katherine T. , Daugherty James , Cooper William O.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Dose-related effects of antipsychotic medications may increase mortality in children and young adults.

Objective

To compare mortality for patients aged 5 to 24 years beginning treatment with antipsychotic vs control psychiatric medications.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a US national retrospective cohort study of Medicaid patients with no severe somatic illness or schizophrenia or related psychoses who initiated study medication treatment. Study data were analyzed from November 2022 to September 2023.

Exposures

Current use of second-generation antipsychotic agents in daily doses of less than or equal to 100-mg chlorpromazine equivalents or greater than 100-mg chlorpromazine equivalents vs that for control medications (α agonists, atomoxetine, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers).

Main Outcome and Measures

Total mortality, classified by underlying cause of death. Rate differences (RDs) and hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for potential confounders with propensity score–based overlap weights.

Results

The 2 067 507 patients (mean [SD] age, 13.1 [5.3] years; 1 060 194 male [51.3%]) beginning study medication treatment filled 21 749 825 prescriptions during follow-up with 5 415 054 for antipsychotic doses of 100 mg or less, 2 813 796 for doses greater than 100 mg, and 13 520 975 for control medications. Mortality was not associated with antipsychotic doses of 100 mg or less (RD, 3.3; 95% CI, −5.1 to 11.7 per 100 000 person-years; HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.89-1.32) but was associated with doses greater than 100 mg (RD, 22.4; 95% CI, 6.6-38.2; HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.11-1.70). For higher doses, antipsychotic treatment was significantly associated with overdose deaths (RD, 8.3; 95% CI, 0-16.6; HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.02-2.42) and other unintentional injury deaths (RD, 12.3; 95% CI, 2.4-22.2; HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.12-2.22) but was not associated with nonoverdose suicide deaths or cardiovascular/metabolic deaths. Mortality for children aged 5 to 17 years was not significantly associated with either antipsychotic dose, whereas young adults aged 18 to 24 years had increased risk for doses greater than 100 mg (RD, 127.5; 95% CI, 44.8-210.2; HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.23-2.29).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of more than 2 million children and young adults without severe somatic disease or diagnosed psychosis, antipsychotic treatment in doses of 100 mg or less of chlorpromazine equivalents or in children aged 5 to 17 years was not associated with increased risk of death. For doses greater than 100 mg, young adults aged 18 to 24 years had significantly increased risk of death, with 127.5 additional deaths per 100 000 person-years.
Surgeon Supply by County-Level Rurality and Social Vulnerability From 2010 to 2020
Authors: Patel Vishal R. , Liu Michael , Byrne James P. , Haynes Alex B. , Ibrahim Andrew M.
Published: November 2023

This cross-sectional study examines the surgical workforce in all counties across the US from 2010 to 2020.
Polymer Adhesion
Authors: Kumar Nityanshu , Patil Utkarsh , Dhinojwala Ali
Published: November 2023

Polymer adhesives play an important role in industries in the areas of multilayer packaging, structural bonding, wearables, and medical adhesives. The adhesive strength involves two main components. The first component is a function of thermodynamic surface or interfacial energies, and the second component is related to bulk dissipation. The bulk dissipation term can contribute to an almost thousand‐time enhancement in adhesion strength compared to the thermodynamic work of adhesion. In this article, we discuss the basic formulations to calculate the surface and interfacial energies of solids and relate these parameters to the thermodynamic work of adhesion. We also discuss the mechanisms that contribute to the velocity‐dependent adhesive strength. Since almost all practical surfaces are rough, we present the recent theoretical and experimental data on how roughness affects adhesion. The experimental techniques to measure surface structure, thermodynamic work of adhesion, and fracture strength of adhesives are also described in this article. The recent literature on natural adhesive systems has attracted significant interest and provides a brief discussion on how natural systems can be an important source of inspiration for new chemistry and structure to optimize adhesion for various environmental conditions. We end this article with a section summarizing the industrial applications of polymer adhesion.
Polymerizations in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Vivaldo‐Lima Eduardo , Penlidis Alexander
Published: November 2023

The science and engineering of polymerizations carried out in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) have been studied abundantly in the literature in the last three decades. There are several very good and recent reviews on the topic available in the literature. This article is based on a related contribution by Jones and DeSimone published in this encyclopedia, which emphasized the polymer chemistry background of this topic. The material is updated and enriched from a polymer reaction engineering perspective. The commercial feasibility of polymerization processes carried out in scCO2was proven early by DuPont, which built a commercial plant for production of fluoropolymers in Fayetteville, North Carolina, USA. Unfortunately, the commercial development of new polymerization processes in scCO2slowed down due to environmental and pollution issues associated to some chemicals used in the production of fluoropolymers. However, many new materials and polymerization variants in scCO2keep on resurfacing. The science and technology of polymerization processes carried out in scCO2and novel materials produced therein has reached a relatively mature state and the development of commercial processes for production of some of these materials is certainly feasible in the near future.
The Association of Rheumatologist Supply and Multidisciplinary Care With Timely Patient Access to Rheumatologists: Evidence From British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Biln Norma K. , Guh Daphne , Bansback Nick , Shojania Kam , Harrison Mark
Published: November 2023

Objective

The objective was to understand how the expansion of rheumatology supply and the introduction of multidisciplinary care was associated with access to rheumatology services.

Methods

We accessed Population Data BC, a longitudinal database with de‐identified individual‐level health data on all residents of British Columbia, Canada, to analyze physician visits and prescribing from 2010–2011 to 2019–2020. We calculated access as the time from referral to first rheumatologist visit and, for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), time to first disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). Associations between lag time, patient characteristics, and system variables were explored using quantile regression.

Results

Over the study period, there were 149,902 new rheumatologist visits, with 31% more visits in 2019–2020 than in 2010–2011. The proportion of first visits for patients with inflammatory arthritis increased from 28% to 51%. The median time from referral to first visit decreased by 22 days (35%) from 63 days (interquartile range 21–120 days) in 2010–2011. For people with RA, time from referral to DMARD decreased by 4 days (6%) to 62 days. Male sex, living in metropolitan areas, and having a rheumatologist who used a multidisciplinary care assessment code were associated with shorter times from referral to first DMARD.

Conclusion

Access to rheumatology care improved, and the increased proportion of patients with IA in the first visits case‐mix indicates that rheumatologist supply and incentives for multidisciplinary care may have improved referral patterns. However, time to DMARDs for people with RA remained long, and we found signals of unequal access for female patients and people living outside of metropolitan areas.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant finite‐time control of nonlinear systems based on tuning functions
Authors: Qi Hongji , Chen Ming , Peng Kaixiang , Wu Libing
Published: November 2023

This article discusses the tracking problem of adaptive fault‐tolerant finite‐time control (AFFC) for a class of strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with unmatched disturbances. Unlike most of the existing results, fault‐tolerant control is combined with finite‐time control, adaptive control and tuning functions. The significant virtue of the combination of these schemes lies in the improvement of the system's reliability, rapidity and robustness. This article uses tuning functions to deal with the problem of the over‐parameterization in the traditional backstepping method. The proposed AFFC scheme ensures that the closed‐loop system is semi‐globally practically finite‐time stable in the presence of sensor/actuator faults, and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood near the origin in finite time. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by the simulation example.
Competitive Mechanism between Interfacial Electric Field and Built‐In Electric Field for Silicon‐Based Tribovoltaic Effect
Authors: Gong Likun , Wang Zhaozheng , Luan Ruifei , Liu Guoxu , Fan Beibei , Feng Yuan , Cao Jie , Qi Youchao , Zhang Zhi , Zhang Chi
Published: November 2023

The tribovoltaic effect raises an emerging semiconductor energy technology and silicon‐based tribovoltaic nanogenerator (Si‐TVNG) has aroused great attentions. However, the electrical output of Si‐TVNG is extremely unstable due to its complicated mechanism. Here, a competitive mechanism between the built‐in electric field (BEF) and the interfacial electric field (IEF) is proposed to determine the current direction and magnitude of the Si‐TVNG. The results indicate that the natural oxide layer, load pressure, and resistivity of Si significantly affect the IEF and BEF. The natural oxide layer can store surface charges by contact electrification, resulting in a IEF dominant carriers transport process. Conversely, lower resistivity and higher load pressure can reduce the contact resistance, thereby decreasing the surface charges caused by contact electrification and leading to a BEF dominant carrier transport process. This work contributes to deeper understandings of the tribovoltaic effect and further clarifies the theoretical mechanisms of carrier excitation and directional transport.
Selective Ion Transport Layer for Stable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Young‐Hoon , Jeoun Yunseo , Kim Ji Hwan , Shim Jaehyuk , Ahn Kwang‐Soon , Yu Seung‐Ho , Sung Yung‐Eun
Published: November 2023

The limited lifespan of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (with vanadium‐oxide based cathodes) is constrained by practical applications due to corrosion accelerated by vanadium ions leaching from the cathode and uneven dendrite growth on the zinc metal anode. To address these issues, the difference in size between hydrated zinc ions (4.30 Å) in electrolyte and vanadium ions (8.34 Å) is considered. Uniformly coating the MOF‐801 nanoparticles (with a pore size of 6.0 Å) on the zinc foil formed a selective ion transport layer. The uniform zinc ion flux generated by the selective ion transport layer allows hydrated zinc ions to be transported evenly and promotes uniform zinc deposition, leading to a low overpotential (17.4 mV) and high cycle stability (1000 h) in the symmetric cell. Moreover, the selective ion transport layer, having pores smaller than vanadium ions, blocked vanadium ions from migrating toward the zinc anode, thereby reducing its corrosion and contributing to a capacity retention of 86% after 2000 cycles under full‐cell conditions. This study demonstrates that the pore size of the coating layer influences the long‐term stability of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries and may serve as a guide when selecting interface modification materials for various metal batteries.
Immunocompetent PDMS‐Free Organ‐on‐Chip Model of Cervical Cancer Integrating Patient‐Specific Cervical Fibroblasts and Neutrophils
Authors: Kromidas Elena , Geier Alicia , Weghofer Adrian , Liu Hui‐Yu , Weiss Martin , Loskill Peter
Published: November 2023

Despite preventive measures and available treatments, cervical cancer still ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women worldwide and remains the leading cause of cancer death in women in many developing countries. To gain further insights into pathogenesis and to develop novel (immuno)therapies, more sophisticated human models recreating patient heterogeneities and including aspects of the tumor microenvironment are urgently required. A novel polydimethylsiloxane‐free microfluidic platform, designed specifically for the generation and ccultivation of cervical cancerous tissue, is introduced. The microscale open‐top tissue chambers of the cervical cancer‐on‐chip (CCoC) enable facile generation and long‐term cultivation of SiHa spheroids in co‐culture with donor‐derived cervical fibroblasts. The resulting 3D tissue emulates physiological architecture and allows dissection of distinct effects of the stromal tissue on cancer viability and growth. Treatment with cisplatin at clinically‐relevant routes of administration and dosing highlights the platform's applicability for drug testing. Moreover, the model is amenable for integration and recruitment of donor‐derived neutrophils from the microvasculature‐like channel into the tissue, all while retaining their ability to produce neutrophil extracellular traps. In the future, the immunocompetent CCoC featuring donor‐specific primary cells and tumor spheroids has the potential to contribute to the development of new (immuno)therapeutic options.
Room‐Temperature, Current‐Induced Magnetization Self‐Switching in A Van Der Waals Ferromagnet
Authors: Zhang Hongrui , Chen Xiang , Wang Tianye , Huang Xiaoxi , Chen Xianzhe , Shao Yu‐Tsun , Meng Fanhao , Meisenheimer Peter , N'Diaye Alpha , Klewe Christoph , Shafer Padraic , Pan Hao , Jia Yanli , Crommie Michael F. , Martin Lane W. , Yao Jie , Qiu Ziqiang , Muller David A. , Birgeneau Robert J. , Ramesh Ramamoorthy
Published: November 2023

2D layered materials with broken inversion symmetry are being extensively pursued as  spin source layers to realize high‐efficiency magnetic switching. Such low‐symmetry layered systems are, however, scarce. In addition, most layered magnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy show a low Curie temperature. Here, the experimental observation of spin–orbit torque magnetization self‐switching at room temperature in a layered polar ferromagnetic metal, Fe2.5Co2.5GeTe2 is reported. The spin–orbit torque is generated from the broken inversion symmetry along the c‐axis of the crystal. These results provide a direct pathway toward applicable 2D spintronic devices.