bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soft Valves: A Review of Structures, Materials, and Modeling
Authors: Han Fenglin , Li Qixin , Xiong Huang , He Chunli , Zhao Haiming , Chen Zhi
Published: July 2024

Soft robots have been advancing rapidly, but their control is still limited by rigid control elements. Soft valves offer a solution to this problem by enabling soft robots to no longer rely on rigid control elements. They have become an emerging research topic in soft robotics. However, with a large number of publications on soft valves, it may be challenging for researchers to quickly grasp the advanced technology related to soft valves. To address this issue, this article summarizes the current state of development in soft valves. The design principles and applications of soft valves in terms of structures and materials are discussed, along with the modeling ideas for soft valves. Finally, the current challenges faced by soft valves are outlined, and potential solutions to these problems are proposed.
A New Decision Making Model Based on Complex Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Lattice for Traffic Monitoring in the Pandemic Scenarios
Authors: Quek Shio Gai , Selvachandran Ganeshsree , Jayakumar Vimala , Duong Phet , Son Le Hoang
Published: July 2024

Various representations of real‐life scenarios by algebraic structures are of vital importance in the modern era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 as it enables such data to be interpreted and processed by artificial intelligence, thus bridging the interaction gap between humans and machines. In response to that, this article proposes a new decision making model for traffic control among shopping complexes utilizing the novel concept of the complex intuitionistic fuzzy soft lattice of the circular type (CIFSL‐C), which takes the time within a day as truly directional entities. As a result, CIFSL‐C possesses the combined structural complexity and the level of sophistication of all the previous algebraic models which they are derived from, enabling them to be utilized in representing many real‐life scenarios, including those related to the pandemic, which will be rigorously discussed in this article. In addition, the complex intuitionistic fuzzy soft lattice of the quaternion type (CIFSL‐Q) will also be established.
Green Synthesis of the Triazine Derivatives and their Application for the Benign Electrocatalytic Reaction of Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Lebedeva Olga , Zakharov Valery , Kuznetsova Irina , Kultin Dmitry , Kustov Leonid , Aslanov Leonid , Chernyshev Vladimir , Savilov Serguei , Dunaev Sergey , Kalmykov Konstantin
Published: July 2024

This work uses green sustainable reactions twice. Firstly, it is microwave synthesis: 2,4,6‐tribiphenyl‐4‐yl‐1,3,5‐triazine and similar compounds were prepared in a closed microwave reactor in n‐octane by the Friedel‐Crafts reaction. Second, a hybrid electrocatalyst for the highly demanded electrochemical reaction of nitrate reduction to ammonia (NO3RR) was prepared based on this material. This reaction has great potential to replace the energy‐intensive Haber‐Bosch process, and in addition, has independent value for the elimination of nitrate contamination of water resources. As shown in the work, microwave synthesis is an eco‐friendly method for the synthesis of complex organic compounds; fast, selective and with a high yield of the target product. The electrocatalyst deposited on the graphite electrode consisted of a layer of 2,4,6‐tribiphenyl‐4‐yl‐1,3,5‐triazine and related compounds coated with cobalt oxide. The hybrid catalyst was firmly retained on the graphite electrode during NO3RR and the material showed impressive stability with almost no decrease in catalytic activity even after the fifth cycle. Both 2,4,6‐tribiphenyl‐4‐yl‐1,3,5‐triazine and the catalyst based on this substance were characterized by SEM, XPS, XRD, UV‐vis spectra, cyclic (and linear) voltammetry, and chronoamperometry. This work can serve as a starting point for the development of stable and durable electrocatalysts for NO3RR using triazine derivatives.
A new subcarrier‐index modulation schemes for downlink NOMA systems
Authors: Chihaoui Issa , Ammari Mohamed Lassaad
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we propose two downlink multiple access architectures for networks where human‐type communication users (HTCUs) and machine‐type communication devices (MTCDs) coexist. The proposed schemes combine non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), and index modulation (OFDM‐IM) concepts. In the first scheme, the base station (BS) transmits bits of HTCUs using modulated symbols and bits of MTCDs by the subcarrier activation pattern (SAP). This approach called IM‐NOMA with null subcarriers (IM‐NOMA‐NS) ensures that inactive subcarriers are always null, which improves the system bit error rate (BER) performance. To improve the spectral efficiency (SE), we propose a second approach, termed IM‐NOMA with dual‐mode modulation (IM‐NOMA‐DM), in which the HTCUs' bits are transmitted using two‐dimensional modulation and the MTCDs' bits are transmitted using one‐dimensional modulation and the SAP. For each proposed system, a near‐optimal low‐complexity detector, based on the energy‐detection (ED) and the log‐likelihood ratio (LLR) criterion, is provided to mitigate the detection burden of the optimal maximum‐likelihood (ML) detector. The BER performances and SE of the proposed schemes are investigated. The average BERs of IM‐NOMA‐NS and IM‐NOMA‐DM are derived in closed‐form expressions corroborated by the simulation results. We have proved numerically that the proposed schemes achieve a good trade‐off between BER performance, SE, and the number of supported users, making them more suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) applications.
Gas migration at the granite–bentonite interface under semirigid boundary conditions in the context of high‐level radioactive waste disposal
Authors: Liu Jiangfeng , Wang Zhipeng , Guo Jingna , Jivkov Andrey , Sedighi Majid , Shao Jianfu
Published: July 2024

The corrosion of waste canisters in the deep geological disposal facilities (GDFs) for high‐level radioactive waste (HLRW) can generate gas, which escapes from the engineered barrier system through the interfaces between the bentonite buffer blocks and the host rock and those between the bentonite blocks. In this study, a series of water infiltration and gas breakthrough experiments were conducted on granite and on granite–bentonite specimens with smooth and grooved interfaces. On this basis, this study presents new insights and a quantitative assessment of the impact of the interface between clay and host rock on gas transport. As the results show, the water permeability values from water infiltration tests on granite and granite–bentonite samples (10−19–10−20 m2) are found to be slightly higher than that of bentonite. The gas permeability of the mock‐up samples with smooth interfaces is one order of magnitude larger than that of the mock‐up with grooved interfaces. The gas results of breakthrough pressures for the granite and the granite–bentonite mock‐up samples are significantly lower than that of bentonite. The results highlight the potential existence of preferential gas migration channels between the rock and bentonite buffer that require further considerations in safety assessment.
Family resemblance in color‐patch size is not affected by stress experience in a cichlid fish
Authors: Ziegelbecker Angelika , Sefc Kristina M.
Published: July 2024

Animal body coloration is often linked to social dominance and mating success. This is because it can carry information on an animal's body condition and competitive ability by reflecting the genetic quality of individuals or by responding to their current or past living conditions. The present study investigates genetic and environmental effects on a conspicuous color pattern of the cichlid fish Tropheus sp. black “Ikola,” in which the size of a carotenoid‐based yellow area on the body co‐varies with social dominance. To examine environmental plasticity of the color pattern, we tested for effects of early‐life stress, induced by reduced feeding of juveniles prior to color pattern formation, as well as effects of a stress treatment administered to fully colored adult fish. None of the stress treatments affected the color pattern as quantified by the width of the yellow bar. However, offspring bar width was correlated to parental values in mid‐parent‐mid‐offspring regression analyses, and animal models estimated significant additive genetic effects on bar width, indicating heritability of the trait. Depending on the random effects structure of the animal models (i.e., whether including or excluding maternal and brood effects), narrow‐sense heritability estimates for bar width ranged between 0.2 and 0.8, with the strongest statistical support for the highest estimate. In each of the alternative models, a large proportion of the total variance in bar width was explained by the included random effects, suggesting that bar width is strongly determined by genetic factors or shared maternal and brood environments, with limited scope for environmental influences later in life.
Three‐dimensional bone morphology is a risk factor for medial postmeniscectomy syndrome: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Grammens Jonas , Van Haver Annemieke , Danckaers Femke , Vuylsteke Kristien , Sijbers Jan , Mahluf Lotem , Angele Peter , Kon Elizaveta , Verdonk Peter ,   MEFISTO WP1 Group
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The study aims to identify differences in tibiofemoral joint morphology between responders (R group, no pain) to arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy (APMM) versus medial postmeniscectomy syndrome patients (MPMS group, recurrent pain at 2 years postmeniscectomy) in a clinically neutrally aligned patient population. The second aim was to build a morphology‐based predictive algorithm for response to treatment (RTT) in APMM.

Methods

Two patient groups were identified from a large multicentre database of meniscectomy patients at 2 years of follow‐up: the R group included 120 patients with a KOOS pain score > 75, and the MPMS group included 120 patients with a KOOS pain score ≤ 75. Statistical shape models (SSMs) of distal femur, proximal tibia and tibiofemoral joint were used to compare knee morphology. Finally, a predictive model was developed to predict RTT, with the SSM‐derived morphologic variables as predictors.

Results

No differences were found between the R and MPMS groups for patient age, sex, height, weight or cartilage status. Knees in the MPMS group were significantly smaller, had a wider femoral notch and a smaller medial femoral condyle. A morphology‐based predictive model was able to predict MPMS at 2 years follow‐up with a sensitivity of 74.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 74.4%–75.4%) and a specificity of 81.0% (95% CI: 80.6%–81.5%).

Conclusion

A smaller tibiofemoral joint, a wider intercondylar notch and smaller medial femoral condyle were observed shape variations related to medial postmeniscectomy syndrome. These promising results are a first step towards a knee morphology‐based clinical decision support tool for meniscus treatment.

Study Design

Case–control study.

Level of Evidence

Level IIIb.
Psychological distress following multi‐gene panel testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer risk
Authors: Carlsson Lindsay , Bedard Philippe L. , Kim Raymond H. , Metcalfe Kelly
Published: July 2024

Advances in our understanding of the genetic landscape of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) have led to the clinical adoption of multi‐gene panel testing. Panel testing introduces new sources of genetic uncertainty secondary to the inclusion of moderate‐ and low‐penetrance genes, as well as the increased likelihood of identifying a variant of uncertain significance (VUS). This cross‐sectional study explored the post‐test psychological functioning of women who underwent multi‐gene panel testing for HBOC susceptibility genes. Two hundred and ninety‐five women who underwent panel testing within the previous 2 years completed a study questionnaire to measure levels of cancer‐related and genetic testing‐related distress using the Impact of Events Scale (IES) and the Multidimensional Impact of Cancer Risk Assessment (MICRA), respectively. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between genetic test results and levels of psychological distress captured by the IES and MICRA. In this cohort, a pathogenic variant (PV) was identified in 41 (14%) of participants, and 77 (26%) participants were found to have a VUS. In the multi‐variate model, higher mean levels of genetic testing‐related distress were observed in individuals with a PV (p < 0.001) or a VUS (p = 0.007) compared to those with a negative result. Furthermore, participants with a PV in a moderate‐penetrance gene were found to have higher levels of genetic testing‐related distress compared to those with a PV in a high‐risk gene (p = 0.03). Overall, participants were highly satisfied with their genetic testing experience, with 92% of individuals reporting they would recommend testing to others. Our findings highlight differences in psychological outcomes based on both variant pathogenicity and gene penetrance, which contribute to our understanding of the impact of panel testing and sources of both cancer‐related and genetic testing‐related distress secondary to testing.
A hypertrophic distal fascicle of the anterior tibiofibular ligament is associated with a high rate of osteochondral lesions of the talus
Authors: Butler James J. , Randall Grace W. , Dalmau‐Pastor Miki , Lin Charles C. , Schoof Lauren , Kennedy John G.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this retrospective review was to determine the prevalence of osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the lateral talar dome in patients with anterior ankle impingement with an associated hypertrophic distal fascicle of the anterior tibio‐fibular ligament.

Methods

Retrospective chart review identified 40 patients who underwent anterior ankle arthroscopy for the management of anterior ankle impingement. Clinical outcomes assessed included pre‐ and postoperative foot and ankle outcome score (FAOS), visual analogue scale (VAS), complications, failures, secondary surgical procedures, return‐to‐work data and return‐to‐sport data.

Results

Thirty‐two patients with a mean follow‐up time of 29.3 ± 10.4 months were included. The hypertrophic distal fascicle of the anterior tibio‐fibular ligament was hypertrophic in 29 patients (90.6%), with a mean thickness of 2.5 ± 0.4 mm on MRI. There were 22 OCLs of the lateral talar dome (75.9%) with an associated hypertrophic distal fascicle of the anterior tibio‐fibular ligament visualized during arthroscopy. The international cartilage repair society gradings of the lesions included 3 (13.6%) grade I lesions, 15 (68.1%) grade II lesions, 3 (13.6%) grade III lesions, and 1 (4.6%) grade IV lesion. There was a statistically significant improvement in mean FAOS and VAS scores from preoperative to postoperative (p < 0.001). No cases of syndesmotic instability were observed following resection of hypertrophic distal fascicle of the anterior tibio‐fibular ligament.

Conclusion

This retrospective case series demonstrated that a hypertrophic distal fascicle of the anterior tibio‐fibular ligament was associated with an OCL of the lateral talar dome identified during arthroscopic evaluation. In addition, preoperative MRI demonstrated poor sensitivity for the detection of these OCLs. Heightened awareness is warranted for potential lateral talar dome OCLs in patients presenting with anterolateral ankle impingement with a hypertrophic ATiFLdf identified on preoperative MRI in the absence of an associated OCLs.

Level of Evidence

Level IV, Retrospective case series.
Application of a machine learning and optimization method to predict patellofemoral instability risk factors in children and adolescents
Authors: Kwak Yoon Hae , Ko Yu Jin , Kwon Hyunjae , Koh Yong‐Gon , Aldosari Amaal M. , Nam Ji‐Hoon , Kang Kyoung‐Tak
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Conservative treatment remains the standard approach for first‐time patellar dislocations. While risk factors for patellofemoral instability, a common paediatric injury, are well‐established in adults, data concerning the progression of paediatric recurrent patellar dislocation remain scarce. A reproducible method was developed to quantitatively assess the patellofemoral morphology and anatomic risk factors in paediatric patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and machine learning analysis.

Methods

Data were analyzed from a retrospective review (2005–2022) of paediatric patients diagnosed with acute lateral patellar dislocation (54 patients) who underwent MRI and were compared with an age‐based control group (54 patients). Patellofemoral, tibial, tibiofemoral and patellar height parameters were measured. Differences between groups were analyzed with respect to MRI parameters. The potential diagnostic utility of the parameters was assessed via machine learning and genetic algorithm analyses.

Results

Significant differences were observed between the two groups in six patellofemoral morphological parameters. Regarding patellar height morphological parameters, all methods exhibited significant between‐group differences. Among the tibia and tibiofemoral morphological parameters, only the tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance exhibited significant differences between the two groups. No sex‐related differences were present. Significant variations were observed in patellar height parameters, particularly in the Koshino–Sugimoto (KS) index, which had the highest area under the curve (AUC: 0.87). Using genetic algorithms and logistic regression, our model excelled with seven key independent variables.

Conclusion

KS index and Wiberg index had the strongest association with lateral patellar dislocation. An optimized logistic regression model achieved an AUC of 0.934. Such performance is considered clinically relevant, indicating the model's effectiveness for the intended application.

Level of Evidence

Level Ⅲ.
Intercostal nerve electrodiagnostic testing in rib fractures
Authors: Gambardella Kristen , Ashy Cody , Daley Dane , Eriksson Evert , Sherrier Matthew
Published: July 2024

Introduction/Aims

Intercostal nerve injury can occur after rib fractures, resulting in denervation of the abdominal musculature. Loss of innervation to the rectus abdominis and intercostal muscles can cause pain, atrophy, and eventual eventration, which may be an underrecognized and thus undertreated complication of rib fractures. We investigated the clinical utility of intercostal nerve electrodiagnostic testing following rib fractures to diagnose and localize nerve injury at levels T7 and below.

Methods

Five patients with displaced bicortical rib fractures involving the 7th–11th ribs and clinical eventration of the ipsilateral abdominal wall underwent intercostal nerve conduction studies (NCS) and needle electromyography (EMG) on the affected side. EMG of the rectus abdominis and intercostal muscles was performed with ultrasound guidance, and ultrasound measurements of rectus abdominis thickness were obtained to assess for atrophy.

Results

Average patient age was 59.4 years and average body mass index (BMI) was 31.5 kg/m2. Intercostal NCS and EMG were able to reliably diagnose and localize intercostal nerve damage after rib fractures. Ultrasound demonstrated an average rectus abdominis transverse cross‐sectional thickness of 0.534 cm on the affected side, compared with 1.024 cm on the non‐affected side.

Discussion

Intercostal electrodiagnostic studies can diagnose and localize intercostal nerve damage after displaced rib fractures. Musculoskeletal ultrasound can be used to diagnose and quantify rectus abdominis atrophy and to accurately and safely guide needle EMG to the intercostal and rectus abdominis muscles.
Outcomes and Predictors of Success Following Multilevel Surgery in Positional and Nonpositional Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Noh Hae E. , Rha Min‐Seok , Jeong Yeonsu , Kim Chang‐Hoon , Cho Hyung‐Ju
Published: July 2024

Objective

To assess the surgical outcomes and identify predictors of surgical success in patients with positional and non‐positional obstructive sleep apnea following multilevel airway surgery.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Singe‐tertiary medical center.

Methods

This study included 158 patients with obstructive sleep apnea who underwent multilevel airway surgery. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to position dependency: “positional patients” group (n = 100), and “nonpositional patients” group (n = 58). The characteristics and surgical outcomes of the 2 groups were compared.

Results

The nonpositional group included younger and more obese patients in comparison to the positional group. Moreover, the nonpositional group had more severe disease than the positional group. Both groups showed overall improvement after surgery, and the surgical success rate did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (nonpositional, 41.4% vs positional, 48.0%; P = .424). Notably, 69.0% of patients belonging to the non‐positional group converted to positional group postoperatively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that larger tonsil size, female sex, and higher mean O2 saturation were associated with higher success rate in the positional group, whereas larger tonsil size was associated with surgical success in the nonpositional group.

Conclusion

Both nonpositional and positional groups showed improvements following multilevel airway surgery, and surgery induced a transition from nonpositional to positional group. Given that the factors related to surgical success differed between the two groups, surgeons should consider position dependency and these distinct factors during decision‐making.
Outcomes and Complications of Pediatric Eustachian Tube Dilation Surgery
Authors: Mukerji Shraddha , Rosas Herrera Ana Maria , Rochat Ryan , Hosek Katherine , Liu Yi‐Chun Carol
Published: July 2024

Objective

To determine whether balloon dilation of Eustachian tube (BDET) improves postoperative audiology and quality of life scores in children with chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction.

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Tertiary care pediatric center.

Methods

Eligible participants were patients 8 years or older, with a history of 2 prior tubes placement. Group 1—patients completed pre‐and post‐Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Quality of Life Survey (ETDQ‐7) survey scores, Group 2—patients had available pre‐ and postdilation tympanogram data (TD), and Group 3—patients had both ETDQ‐7 survey and TD. The average time for the first and subsequent follow‐ups was 3.8 and 12.9 months, respectively.

Results

A total of 43 patients (85 ears) underwent BDET. The mean age was 13.3 years (8‐18 years). Twenty‐four patients were male (55.8%) and over 80% were Caucasian. The average mean ETDQ‐7 score before and after dilation was 3.9 and 2.5, respectively. Ninety‐three percent experienced improvement of their postoperative ETDQ‐7 scores and 53% had normal postdilation ETDQ‐7 score (P < .0001). Thirty‐seven ears in Group 2 (60.7%) had improvement in postdilation TD. A greater proportion of ears showed improvement of 62.3% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) [50.1%‐74.5%] compared to 37.7% without improvement, 95% CI [25.5%‐49.87%]. Ears with type A or B TD were more likely to show improvement than ears with type C, perforated, or with tubes (P < .0001). Eighteen out of 30 ears in Group 3 (60%) experienced an improvement in both ETDQ‐7 and tympanogram.

Conclusion

BDET is a safe, efficacious alternative to tubes in selected pediatric patients.
Impact of Clinical Practice Guidelines on Pediatric Tonsillectomy for Tonsillitis
Authors: Wang Avivah J. , Cheng Jeffrey
Published: July 2024

Objective

To determine the impact of the release of updated American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNSF) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for Tonsillectomy in Children in 2019 on adherence to evidence‐based practice.

Methods

Patients between ages 1 and 18 who had tonsillectomies and encounters for throat infection (tonsillitis or pharyngitis) between of February 5, 2015 and February 4, 2023 were identified by International Classification of Diseases and Current Procedural Terminology codes, excluding those with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing. Retrospective chart review was performed to determine adherence to evidence‐based practice.

Results

There was a significant increase in adherence to evidence‐based practice post‐CPG release compared to pre‐CPG (85.4% vs 73.1%, P = .0088). There was an observed trend for improved adherence to evidence‐based practice for pediatric tonsillectomy for recurrent infection for most of the post‐CPG period. There were fewer tonsillectomies performed post‐CPG, despite more total encounters for throat infection.

Discussion

The publication of the updated AAO‐HNSF CPG corresponded with improved adherence to evidence‐based practice for tonsillectomy in children for recurrent infection and an observed decrease in overall rate of tonsillectomy. This suggests the CPG may be an effective quality improvement tool for reducing variation and unnecessary patient morbidity or harm.

Implications for Practice

These findings suggest that the updated AAO‐HNSF CPG for Tonsillectomy in Children may have effectively impacted practice patterns, and further work should be done to expand their reach to other specialties and settings. Consideration should also be given to further understand any balancing factors associated with reduced tonsillectomies for recurrent infections including quality of life impact on children managed expectantly.
Investigating the relationship between natural frequency and residual strength and stiffness of cross‐ply laminate under cyclic loading
Authors: Valizadeh Pouya , Zabett Ahad , Rezaeepazhand Jalil
Published: July 2024

Predicting the fatigue life of wind turbine rotor blades is a challenging and crucial engineering task. This study investigates the correlation between modal parameters and the degradation of residual strength and tensile modulus in the cross‐ply glass epoxy laminate [0/90]7 used in wind turbine blades under fatigue loading. The tensile and vibration characteristics were assessed, followed by constant amplitude fatigue tests at 35%, 43% and 55% of the ultimate tensile strength, with R = 0.1 and a frequency of 8 Hz. The modal analysis was performed on the cycled specimens at life fractions from 0.05 to 0.70 and residual modulus and strength were obtained. The results establish a well‐defined correlation between these residual mechanical properties and the natural frequency. Normalized residual strength, tensile modulus and natural frequency demonstrated similar behaviors during the fatigue life. An initial rapid decrease in the first tenth of the life fraction was observed, followed by minimal changes up to a life fraction of 0.7. The strong correlation between the first mode natural frequency and both the residual strength and the tensile E‐modulus provides a promising basis for developing accurate fatigue life prediction models for fiber‐reinforced composite structures. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Linear Atrophoderma of Moulin: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hussein Al-janabi Moatasem , Diab Sdrah , Aljammal Ghina , Kassab Lina , Al-Shehabi Zuheir , Al-Soiufi Lina
Published: July 2024

Linear atrophoderma of Moulin (LAM) is an uncommon dermatological disease characterised by linear, depressed plaques typically following Blaschko’s lines. LAM generally occurs in adolescence or early adulthood and is more commonly observed in females. The aetiology of LAM is still unclear. We report a rare case of LAM in an 18-year-old female presenting with an atypical Blaschkoid distribution (multiple band-like pattern) on her right trunk. A clinical examination and histopathological analysis were performed to make the diagnosis. Partial improvement was obtained with calcipotriol and colchicine. LAM is a rare condition; we were only able to identify 23 case reports in the published literature. The findings of this report contribute to the limited literature on LAM, highlighting the clinical variability of LAM and suggesting potential novel variants beyond the classic presentation, emphasising the importance of recognising diverse manifestations for accurate diagnosis and management. Early recognition of LAM is crucial for appropriate treatment and improved patient outcomes. Further research is needed to elucidate LAM’s aetiology and underlying mechanisms to facilitate the development of more targeted therapeutic strategies.
Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Super Austenitic Stainless Steel Joint for Double‐Sided Synchronous TIP TIG Arc Butt Welding
Authors: Wang Lulu , Lang Zeyu , Tan Long
Published: July 2024

Super austenitic stainless steel 254SMO (254SMO SASS) plates are joined by double‐sided double‐arc synchronous TIP TIG butt welding (DSSTTABW) using ER NiCrMo3 wire, and the micro‐structure, mechanical and corrosion properties of 254SMO SASS joints are investigated subsequently. Results show that solidification grain boundary and solidification sub‐grain boundary can be observed in fusion zone. A small amount of σ phase precipitates in the weld, while χ phase is found in the transition zone, but no solidification crack occurs in weld and heat affected zone (HAZ). 254SMO SASS joint has higher micro‐hardness and lower tensile strength and elongation compared to base metal. During transverse tensile process, 254SMO SASS joints fail in the weld zone in a ductile mode. Electrochemical corrosion performance tests indicate that 254SMO SASS joint achieve equivalent pitting corrosion resistance and similar passive mechanism to base metal in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The passivation film on the surface of both joint and base metal display as n‐p semi‐conductive character, but the film stability of 254SMO joint surface is slightly poorer compared to base material. The surface passivation film of 254SMO joint primarily consists of oxides of Fe, Cr, and Mo before potentiodynamic polarization, while hydroxides of Fe and Cr are also observed after polarization.
Ethiopian Coal Deposits and Resource Development Prospects
Authors: Genetu Mamaru , Kebede Bisrat
Published: July 2024

The growing use of local coal in Ethiopia has created challenges for cement factories due to inconsistencies in grade and quality. This paper presents the main areas rich in coal resource and potential sites for their development. Field studies have been conducted extensively in some areas to explore coal and analyze its compostion for potential use as major energy source in addressing the high energy demands for cement production across the country. Ethiopian coal beds vary in thickness from a few centimeters to 6 m and encompass a range of ranks from lignite to bituminous coal. Quality also varies widely, with ash content being a significant parameter of concern, as some studies indicate elevated levels. However, because of insufficient data, it is challenging to generalize other quality parameters accurately. Ethiopia's coal exploration dates back to the 1940s, with rough estimated deposits totaling 600 million tons nationwide. Currently, small‐scale producers satisfy 66% of the cement industries coal demand, which is the major consumers. Efficient coal mining enables the country to substitute significant amounts of imported coal, reducing large expenditures in foreign currency. Local coal production offers cost savings, job creation, streamlined transport, and reduced import reliance, thereby preserving hard‐earned foreign currency and granting the country a competitive edge.
A comprehensive study of stability analysis for nonlinear Mathieu equation without a perturbative technique
Authors: El‐Dib Yusry O.
Published: July 2024

The present research focuses on the challenges engineers face in predicting the behavior of nonlinear vibration systems accurately. The nonperturbative method is highlighted as a solution that provides insights into chaos, bifurcation, resonance response, and stability attributes. Specifically, the study delves into the dynamic analysis of the nonlinear Mathieu equation. The research involves a complex and extensive analytical exploration, transitioning from a nonlinear state to a linear one through various stages. The introduced computational method aims to examine the resonance response of the nonlinear Mathieu equation and offer innovative solutions for the Mathieu–Duffing–type oscillator. The nonperturbative approach remains essential in gaining a deeper understanding of nonlinear vibration systems.
Peristaltic transport with multiple solutions of heat and mass transfer using modified Buongiorno nanofluid model over tapered channel with long wave‐length at small Reynolds number
Authors: Ganie Abdul Hamid , Zeeshan  , Mahnashi Ali M. , Shafee Ahmad , Shah Rasool , Fathima Dowlath
Published: July 2024

This research paper aims to investigate the peristaltic transport of a nanofluid (NF) in a tapered asymmetric channel. Initially, the governing equations for the balance of mass, momentum, temperature, and volume fraction for the NF using Reiner–Philippoff (RP) based NF are formulated. Subsequently, these equations are employed to analyze long wavelength and small Reynolds number scenarios. The numerical results for various flow features are thoroughly examined and discussed. Dual solutions have been examined for some factors. So, stability assessment is implemented to find stable solution. Novelty of the existing is to investigate the peristaltic motion of Buongiorno's NF model and its stability which has not investigated in the previous literatures. It has been demonstrated that modifying the RPF parameter leads to a transition in the fluid's velocity, changing it from a dilatant liquid to a Newtonian fluid and from Newtonian to pseudoplastic. The findings indicate that the temperature curves rise as Brownian motion and thermophoretic factors increase, while they decrease as the Prandtl number increases. Furthermore, a concise mathematical and graphical analysis is carried out to examine the impact of each key parameter on the flow characteristics.
Effects of external neuromuscular electrical stimulation in women with urgency urinary incontinence: a randomized sham-controlled study
Authors: Kurt Tugba Birben , Yilmaz Bulent , Celenay Seyda Toprak
Published: July 2024

Background and Purpose

The present study aims to investigate the effects of external neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on urinary symptoms, pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS), quality of life (QoL), sexual function, perception of subjective improvement (PSI), and satisfaction in urgency urinary incontinence (UUI).

Materials and Methods

The randomized sham-controlled study design was employed in this study. Women aged 18–65 years, who were diagnosed with UUI, were randomly allocated into the NMES (external NMES + lifestyle advice, n = 15) and sham groups (sham NMES + lifestyle advice, n = 15). Both groups performed the application for 30 min, three days a week for eight weeks. Urinary symptoms were evaluated by using the International Incontinence Consultation Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and a 3-day bladder diary. PFMS was assessed using the Modified Oxford Scale (MOS), QoL using the King’s Health Questionnaire (KHQ), and sexual function using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ-12). The PSI and satisfaction were questioned.

Results

There was a higher level of decrease in the ICIQ-SF score, the mean number of voids/night and UI, all scores related to the KHQ (excluding interpersonal relationships), and a higher level of increase in maximum voiding volume, MOS scores, PISQ-12-emotional, PISQ-12-physical, and PISQ-12-total scores in the NMES group when compared to the sham group (p < 0.05). PSI and satisfaction were at higher levels in the NMES group than in the sham group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

External NMES was an effective and complementary method in reducing urinary symptoms and improving PFMS, QoL, sexual function, PSI, and satisfaction level in women with UUI.

Clinical Trial Registration

NCT04727983.
Two-stage super-efficiency model for measuring efficiency of education in South-East Asia
Authors: Ulkhaq M. Mujiya , Oggioni Giorgia , Riccardi Rossana
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to measure the efficiency of schools in six South-East Asian countries, taking into account the impacts of information and communication technologies (ICT). The educational institutions of South-East Asia are very dynamic; and to increase their competitiveness at international level, they need to manage their resources in an efficient way. We propose a two-stage super-efficiency model for measuring their efficiency, using 2018 PISA data. In the first stage, the non-parametric data envelopment analysis super-efficiency model is used to rank the schools in this region. Then, a second-stage analysis based on a bootstrapped quantile regression is performed to identify the factors that potentially influence efficiency. We analyze four different scenarios depending on the output considered. In the first stage of the analysis, Singapore has the best performance among the other countries in all scenarios. In the second stage, our results show that ICT is statistically significant as a determinant of efficiency in terms of the ratio of computers connected to the internet. However, the integration of ICT in education is mainly influenced by the socio-economic and educational factors of the analyzed countries. Moreover, concerning the other factors, the lower efficiency schools benefit more from the number of female students than higher efficiency schools. The reverse happens for the proportion of certified teachers.
Spatial Averaging Effects in Adverse Pressure Gradient Turbulent Boundary Layers
Authors: Mallor Fermin , Örlü Ramis , Schlatter Philipp
Published: July 2024

Thermal anemometry sensors for time-resolved velocity measurements average the measured signal over the length of their sensor, thereby attenuating fluctuations stemming from scales smaller than the wire length. Several compensation methods have emerged for wall turbulence, the most prominent ones relying on the small-scale universality in canonical flows or on the reconstruction based on two attenuated variance profiles obtained with sensors of different length. To extend these methods to non-canonical flows, the present work considers various adverse-pressure gradient (APG) turbulent boundary layer (TBL) flows in order to explore how the small-scale energy is affected in the inner and outer layer and how the two prominent correction methods perform as function of wall-distance, wire length and flow condition. Our findings show that the increased levels of small-scale energy in the inner, but also outer layer associated with APG TBLs reduces the applicability of empirical methods based on the universality of small-scale energy. On the other hand, a correction based on the relationship between the spanwise Taylor microscale and the two-point streamwise velocity correlation function, is able to correct the attenuated profiles of non-canonical cases. Combining the strength of both methods, a composite profile for the spanwise Taylor microscale is suggested, which then is used for the correction of probe-length attenuation effects across a multitude of flow conditions.
Sol–gel synthesis of iron titanates for the photocatalytic degradation of cyanide
Authors: Córdoba-Miranda Stefanny , Ortiz-Rojas Ingrid C. , Cañas-Martínez Diana M. , Vazquez-Samperio Juvencio , Pedraza-Avella Julio A.
Published: July 2024

Iron titanate mixed metal oxides were synthesized by the sol–gel method through four different routes. The effect of (i) the solvent of iron precursor, (ii) the addition of the chelating agent to the titanium or iron solution and (iii) the molar ratio between the chelating agent and the titanium or iron precursor over the overall percentage of obtained iron titanates was evaluated. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–Vis spectroscopy (UV–Vis) performed on the reaction medium evidenced the formation of acetate complexes of titanium (IV) or iron (III) during the different routes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the obtained materials showed the formation of ilmenite (FeTiO3), pseudorutile (Fe2Ti3O9) and pseudobrookite (Fe2TiO5) in different proportions, as well as hematite (Fe2O3), rutile [TiO2 (R)] and anatase [TiO2 (A)]. The materials with the highest content of iron titanates obtained in each route were characterized and evaluated in the photocatalytic degradation of cyanide using visible light irradiation. UV–Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS) showed that the samples exhibited energy bandgap values between 2.31 and 2.90 eV, which agrees with the values reported for iron titanates and evidence the possible activation of the materials under visible light. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen physisorption results showed that the synthesized materials exhibited nanometric particle size and lower surface area (36.7 ± 4.8 m2·g-1) than TiO2 Degussa P-25 (72–155 m2·g-1). The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized materials toward oxidation of CN− exceeded by 56% the activity of pure TiO2. The content of iron titanates in the synthesized materials was found to be the variable with the greatest influence on the photodegradation of cyanide. In addition, an inversely proportional relationship between the pseudorutile content of the materials and their photocatalytic activity was observed.
The role of non-scientific factors vis-à-vis the quality of publications in determining their scholarly impact
Authors: Abramo Giovanni , D’Angelo Ciriaco Andrea , Grilli Leonardo
Published: July 2024

In the evaluation of scientific publications’ impact, the interplay between intrinsic quality and non-scientific factors remains a subject of debate. While peer review traditionally assesses quality, bibliometric techniques gauge scholarly impact. This study investigates the role of non-scientific attributes alongside quality scores from peer review in determining scholarly impact. Leveraging data from the first Italian Research Assessment Exercise (VTR 2001–2003) and Web of Science citations, we analyse the relationship between quality scores, non-scientific factors, and publication short- and long-term impact. Our findings shed light on the significance of non-scientific elements overlooked in peer review, offering policymakers and research management insights in choosing evaluation methodologies. Sections delve into the debate, identify non-scientific influences, detail methodologies, present results, and discuss implications.
Risk for Waterborne Transmission and Environmental Persistence of Avian Influenza Virus in a Wildlife/Domestic Interface in Mexico
Authors: Mateus-Anzola Jessica , Gaytan-Cruz Liliana , Espinosa-García Ana Cecilia , Martínez-López Beatriz , Ojeda-Flores Rafael
Published: July 2024

Aquatic habitats provide a bridge for influenza transmission among wild and domestic species. However, water sources pose highly variable physicochemical and ecological characteristics that affect avian influenza virus (AIV) stability. Therefore, the risk of survival or transmissibility of AIV in the environment is quite variable and has been understudied. In this study, we determine the risk of waterborne transmission and environmental persistence of AIV in a wild/domestic bird interface in the Central Mexico plateau (North America) during the winter season using a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). A total of 13 eco-epidemiological factors were selected from public-access databases to develop the risk assessment. The MCDA showed that the Atarasquillo wetland presents a higher persistence risk in January. Likewise, most of the backyard poultry farms at this wild-domestic interface present a high persistence risk (50%). Our results suggest that drinking water may represent a more enabling environment for AIV persistence in contrast with wastewater. Moreover, almost all backyard poultry farms evidence a moderate or high risk of waterborne transmission especially farms close to water bodies. The wildlife/domestic bird interface on the Atarasquillo wetland holds eco-epidemiological factors such as the presence of farms in flood-prone areas, the poultry access to outdoor water, and the use of drinking-water troughs among multiple animal species that may enhance waterborne transmission of AIV. These findings highlight the relevance of understanding the influence of multiple factors on AIV ecology for early intervention and long-term control strategies.
Validation of the interdisciplinary Norwegian vision assessment tool KROSS in stroke patients admitted to hospital or rehabilitation services
Authors: Falkenberg Helle K. , Langeggen Irene , Munthe-Kaas Ragnhild , Råen Marianne , Eilertsen Grethe , Mathisen Torgeir S.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Identifying vision problems after stroke is important for providing appropriate referral and vision rehabilitation in healthcare services. In Norway, vision assessment is not a standard routine or integrated in stroke care, due to lack of knowledge, guidelines and validated Norwegian assessment tools for healthcare professionals (HCPs) without formal vision competence. This study aimed to validate and assess the reliability of the KROSS (Competence, Rehabilitation of Sight after Stroke) tool for identifying vision problems in stroke patients.

Methods

The KROSS tool has 21 items, including symptoms, observations, and assessment of visual acuity, visual field, eye movements and visual inattention. The primary outcome is to identify if a vision problem is present. Sixty-seven stroke survivors (69.8 years, 28 females) were assessed twice. The first KROSS assessment was by an HCP without formal vision competence and compared to a reference assessment by an optometrist/KROSS specialist within 2 days. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV/NPV) and inter-rater reliability (Gwet’s AC1/Cohen’s Kappa) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

The KROSS tool demonstrated high sensitivity (98%) and specificity (83%), with excellent reliability (AC1 > 0.86/Kappa > 0.83) and observer agreement (93%) for the primary outcome. A vision problem was identified in 64% of patients, where 44% reported a vision symptom. The PPV and NPV for identifying a vision problem were 0.91 and 0.95 respectively. Sensitivity scores for visual acuity, reading, and visual inattention assessments were all excellent (> 80%) and specificity scores were high for all items (> 70%). Most items showed excellent or substantial agreement (AC1 > 0.7/kappa > 0.6). The lowest agreements were for motility (AC1 > 0.8/kappa > 0.4) and peripheral visual fields (AC1 > 0.8/kappa > 0.5).

Conclusions

This study shows that the KROSS tool shows promise as a valuable tool for integrating vision assessment into stroke health services. It has high sensitivity and specificity, and excellent reliability, indicating high accuracy for identifying a vision problem. This indicates that the KROSS tool can reliably be used by HCPs without formal vision competence to identify a vision problem. The fact that many stroke survivors were identified with vision problems using the KROSS tool, even if they did not complain of visual symptoms, supports the significance of including structured vision assessment in stroke care.