bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnophysiography
Authors: Turk Andrew G. , Mark David M. , Stea David
Published: March 2014

This chapter provides an overview of recent progress in the research field of ethnophysiography. It provides a summary of two case studies, one with the Yindjibarndi people from northwestern Australia, and the other with the Diné from southwestern United States of America. The main findings to date from these studies are that most basic terms for landscape features in each of these languages do not have a one-to-one equivalence with any landscape term in English. The findings point to key research issues in the way to which landscape is referred to in different languages. To facilitate this transdisciplinary research, an initial descriptive model is presented, which includes key observed differences in the way languages treat landscape and also a set of factors which might be considered as possible reasons for such differences.
Embedded in place
Authors: Murton Brian
Published: March 2014

This paper explores the understanding that Māori, the indigenous people of Aotearoa/New Zealand, have of “landscape”. I argue that although Māori in the past did “gaze” at their surroundings, and did have visual forms of representation, the concept of “landscape” as it is commonly used in Western scholarly and popular representation is inappropriate. What replaces the profound visuality of the West for Māori is language, especially sound and speech. Māori represent the world primarily through the act of naming, in which naming places becomes an integral way of actively engaging perceptually with the animate and inanimate world. Māori “imagine” named places as “simultaneous landscapes” reflecting cosmology, ancestors, history and everyday life.
Landscape in Western Pantar, a Papuan outlier of southern Indonesia
Authors: Holton Gary
Published: March 2014

This chapter describes the landscape, streamscape, and seascape terminology of Western Pantar, a non-Austronesian (“Papuan”) language spoken in the Alor archipelago of eastern Indonesia. In Western Pantar reference to elevations is achieved through named places of habitation rather than through generic landform terms; water bodies are denoted according to their quality rather than their form; and seascape terms reflect a focus on intertidal foraging and minimal use of open sea resources.
Between the trees and the tides
Authors: Heyes Scott A.
Published: March 2014

This chapter provides an account of how three generations of Inuit conceptualize the environment in a spatial sense, and explores the extent to which this is bound up with Inuit belief systems. The discussions on Inuit notions of space are based on fieldwork and interviews that have been carried out with the Inuit of Kangiqsualujjuaq, a coastal community in Nunavik, Northern Quebec. With the support of illustrations and a spatial lexicon, I present how these Inuit conveyed to me the ways in which they discern, describe and discriminate features within and upon the land and coastal environment.
Language and landscape among the Tlingit
Authors: Thornton Thomas F.
Published: March 2014

Processes of perception, accommodation, and cultivation of places are critical to understanding the nature of language and landscape among coastal and river peoples. I present a processual model of landscape conceptualization in order to analyze how specific landscape classification schemes operate among the Tlingit of Southeast Alaska. Inhabiting some of the most dynamic and productive coastal and riparian ecosystems anywhere in the world, the Tlingit provide an especially rich case for examining these connections between land, river, and sea. Although the language is considered endangered, Tlingit toponyms and geographical nomenclature are well documented and many groups continue to occupy and use their traditional territory in ways that support traditional conceptualizations of the lands and waters of their living space.
Head-marking inflection and the architecture of grammatical theory
Authors: Haugen Jason D. , Harley Heidi
Published: March 2014

Within generative grammar, noun incorporation and other compounding processes have traditionally been the focus of morpho-syntacticians, while reduplication has been investigated primarily by morpho-phonologists. The interaction of these two phenomena in a single language has significant implications that go beyond the narrow concerns of these two sub-domains, bearing much more broadly on the architecture of grammatical theory. This paper investigates the interactions of reduplication and compounding within one language, Hiaki (Yaqui). Reduplication for aspectual inflection in Hiaki occurs inside of compounds and other derived words, marking the head of the word. We demonstrate the major architectural issues resting on the analysis of these phenomena by examining how different theoretical perspectives can (or cannot) accommodate the Hiaki data.
Narrative discriminations in Central California’s indigenous narrative traditions
Authors: Kroskrity Paul V.
Published: March 2014

This chapter explores salvage era representations of Yokuts and Western Mono Narratives in an attempt to understand the logic in use of anthropologists and linguists who tended to characterize these narratives in a disparaging manner. I explore two possible explanations for what at first blush appears to be an unusually ethnocentric failure to appreciate difference and an exercise in producing an aesthetic relativism that does not explain or understand narrative difference but merely notes its existence. The first is essentially a historical explanation and the second invokes Jane Hill’s notion of covert racism. In order to assess the value of these different and perhaps competing explanations, I introduce the results of my own ethnopoetic and ethnographic work on Western Mono.
Double-voicing in the everyday language of Brazilian black activism
Authors: Roth-Gordon Jennifer , da Silva Antonio José B.
Published: March 2014

In this study of the daily linguistic practices of Brazilian black activists, we draw on Jane Hill’s well-known research on voice to interrogate how speakers metalinguistically invoke “competing” points of view. Bringing together research conducted at the height of politically conscious hip hop’s success in the late 1990s in Rio de Janeiro and fieldwork conducted with race-based community organizations in Salvador, Bahia in 2009–2010, we argue that speakers actively counterpose “racist” and “anti-racist” voices – often within a single translinguistic word – in their quest to display racial consciousness. Embracing similar linguistic processes, political opponents of race-based policies draw different battle lines within the same words, interpreting the struggle as one between North American and Brazilian understandings of race and racism.
The silken cord
Authors: Delgado Richard
Published: March 2014

In honor of Professor Hill’s courageous stand against mock Spanish in a state, Arizona, that has been taking anti-Latino nativism to new extremes, this selection examines Official English laws in light of the Southwest’s hidden history of Latino lynching. It posits that suppression of Spanish severs the connection of citizens, especially ones of Mexican descent, with the past. Not only do these laws contribute to cultural ignorance, they leave young Latinos and Latinas without defenses against hateful stereotypes – in effect, a second form of lynching.
Comparing musical textsetting in French and in English songs
Authors: Dell Francois , Halle John
Published: March 2014

A strophic song is in general a sequence of repetitions of the same tune, one repetition for each stanza. Strophic songs in French have the following properties: when two stanzas have the same tune, they have the same number of lines, and for any i, the i-th line in one stanza has the same number of syllables as the i-th line in the other, and it also has the same distribution of melismas. These properties follow from a more general requirement on textsettings that we call Positional Parallelism. Whereas violations of Positional Parallelism are rather infrequent in traditional French songs, they are quite common in English songs. We propose to relate this difference between French and English songs with another difference in textsetting practice. English matches stress and musical beat anywhere in a line. French enforces the stress/beat match in a rigid manner only at the end of lines, which is presumably a reflection of the fact that in French, stress is easily perceptible only before major breaks.
Bavarian Zwiefache
Authors: Noel Aziz Hanna Patrizia , Vetterle Robert
Published: March 2014

The paper offers a language-based hypothesis for the emergence of a Bavarian folk dance called the Zwiefache (‘twofold’). A corpus analysis revealed that rhythm, metrics and song are closely connected in this genre. It is suggested that natural musical systems, as a default, are based on phonological systems (cf. Maxim of Natural Text Setting (Vetterle 2003)). The conclusion, which contrasts with many aspects of previous research on the interface between rhythm, metrics and song, is corroborated by evidence from German rap songs, data from other musical cultures, and literary history.
On the meter of Middle English alliterative verse
Authors: Minkova Donka
Published: March 2014

The meter of a large body of alliterative verse texts composed in English in the fourteenth century appears so irregular that it has defied formalization. Nevertheless, certain prosodic patterns recur with great frequency while others are rare or unattested; this invites further inquiry into the verse design. The first part of this paper lays out some of the received descriptions and interpretations of that particular metrical tradition, pointing out some philological problems that lead to circularity in accounting for the interplay between meter and language. The second part of the paper proposes an analysis of the most frequent b-verse attestations in terms of optimality-theoretic constraints. The application of OT to the account of this type of meter aligns it with the typology of other English verse forms and allows a discussion of continuity in terms of non-local properties. The paper ends with an outline of further research questions.
The phonology of elision and metrical figures in Italian versification
Authors: Floquet Oreste
Published: March 2014

Current thought in Italian metrics considers that all processes affecting adjacent vowels within a verse, whether synaloepha or dialoepha, are stylistic phenomena unrelated to phonological phenomena such as elision, hiatus, aphaeresis and apocope. This belief is perhaps due to the fact that juncture phenomena almost never have counterparts at the graphic level. The aim of this presentation is to show, rather, that numerous “metrical exceptions” are to be explained on the basis of the phonology of the language or of a dialectic between the written and oral registers. On the basis of a corpus formed by Dante’s Divina Commedia, Petrarch’s songbook, Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso, Tasso’s La Gerusalemme Liberata and Marino’s Adone, we will attempt to argue for a distinction between “false” synaloephas and dialoephas (which are in fact elisions or obligatory hiatuses) and “graphic” synaloephas and dialoephas (in which it seems reasonable to posit pressure on the oral register from the written register).
A rule of metrical uniformity in old Hungarian poetry
Authors: Horváth Iván
Published: March 2014

The Répertoire de la poésie hongroise ancienne (Paris, 1992; http://magyarirodalom.elte.hu/repertorium) lends itself to a number of overarching inductions. It can be shown by one such induction that, at least till the end of the 17th century, all high frequency strophic schemes in Hungarian poetry are isometric. A similar rule describes rhyming formulas: in this corpus all high frequency strophic schemes are monorhymed. Versification based on syllable count is not solely a Hungarian phenomenon but is regional in extent, being attested along the Danube (J. Lotz), and the same can probably be said for the rule of uniformity (Cs. Szigeti, V. Blokh). This rule probably has its historical origins in the influence of liturgical and lay vagant poetry in Latin on the mostly clerical and not so courtly literatures of the region (F. Zemplényi). Analogues can be found in French medieval verse, e.g. quatrains composed of monorhymed alexandrines and other monorhymed but heterogonic strophic formulas (L. Seláf). Psychologically this kind of versification can be explained by analysing metrical patterns as small worlds (D.J. Watts, S.H. Strogatz) functioning in accordance with V.H. Yngve’s depth hypothesis (P. Bognár). Uniformity, of course, did not lend itself to the creation of highly structured compositions. However, the 16th century saw the appearance in Hungarian verse of a new metrical principle for ordering phonetic material. Subsequently, during the 18th to 20th centuries, Hungarian metrics has been typified by the simultaneous use of both principles, with its musical counterpart in the verbunkos style.
The Empty Left Edge Condition
Authors: Sigur∂sson Halldór Ármann , Maling Joan
Published: March 2014

Argument drop is commonly subject to the Empty Left Edge Condition, ELEC, requiring that the left edge of the clause not be spelled out. ELEC can be explained in terms of minimality, as an intervention effect (blocking context-linking of the null-argument). We argue that sensitivity to this effect is the most important ‘pro drop parametric’ factor and that there are no inherent or lexical differences between ‘different types’ of null-arguments. However, we also present striking evidence from Icelandic that emptiness conditions of this sort are operative in PF, a conclusion that suggests that much of ‘syntax’ in the traditional sense is actually morphosyntax or ‘PF syntax’, invisible to the semantic interface. If so, derivational crashes may occur (in the PF derivation), even though narrow syntax itself is crash-proof.
Toward a strongly derivational syntax
Authors: Surányi Balázs
Published: March 2014

Pointing out several undesirable consequences that Merge gives rise to in the mainstream minimalist approach to phrase structure, a strongly derivational model is developed that dispenses with the narrow syntactic Merge operation. Representations and recursion are argued to be properties of the interface components only, and to be absent from narrow syntax. Transfer, implementing feature checking in a local fashion and instructing interface computations, is defined as an iterative operation mapping Lexical Items to the interface components directly. In lack of Merge, narrow syntactic overgeneration is eliminated in toto, since no narrow syntactic representations are created and filtering of Transfer operations by the interface modules is immediate. It is argued that of the twin (overlapping) objectives of making syntax crash-proof and restricting syntactic overgeneration, only the latter is of relevance to the architecture of grammar.
Crash-proof syntax and filters
Authors: Broekhuis Hans , Vogel Ralf
Published: March 2014

This article argues that even when it turns out to be possible to develop a crash-proof syntax that only generates well-formed objects that satisfy the interface conditions, filters on the output of the computational system will remain an essential ingredient of the theory of syntax. This does not necessarily imply, however, that the more general and modest aim of the crash-proof syntax project to limit the output of the derivational system to “objects that are well-formed and satisfy conditions imposed by the interface systems” should be dismissed as irrelevant.
The limits of resumption in Welsh wh-dependencies
Authors: Willis David
Published: March 2014

This chapter considers the analysis of gap and resumptive wh-dependencies, especially relative clauses, in Welsh. It is argued that, despite first appearances, all wh-dependencies formed on unembedded direct-object positions (and some embedded ones), including the direct object of an aspectual periphrasis, involve movement and a gap rather than a resumptive pronoun. The clitic found in these structures is analysed as a reflex of the movement operation itself, with clitics appearing in positions from which wh-movement has taken place. The presence of a clitic is therefore not diagnostic of resumption. This conclusion is then integrated into a more general analysis of Welsh wh-dependencies, in which the gap strategy is argued to be more widely available in other contexts too. It is shown that Welsh manifests more extensive successive-cyclic effects than generally acknowledged. A formal analysis is developed in which the various successive-cyclic effects are accounted for within a movement-based approach. Successive-cyclic movement in Welsh is mediated by escape hatches in SpecCP and SpecvP, but the absence of equivalent escape hatches at the DP or PP levels results in the resumption strategy occurring in those environments. This approach is then extended to cases where resumptive pronouns appear to have gap-like syntactic properties, leading to a ‘mixed’ analysis of resumptive relatives generally (base-generation of a resumptive pronoun with movement of a wh-operator from the specifier of the phrase triggering resumption).
Some notes on the ‘specificity effects’of optional resumptive pronouns
Authors: Bianchi Valentina
Published: March 2014

This paper discusses ‘specificity effects’ (Doron 1982) in the light of two recent approaches to resumption: Boeckx’s doubling analysis and Adger & Ramchand’s Agree-chain analysis. Boeckx analyses resumptive pronouns as functional heads encoding specificity; his approach cannot account for certain allowed ‘nonspecific’ functional readings (Sharvit 1999) nor for indirect object resumptive clitics, which lack specificity effects. Adger & Ramchand exploit unadorned individual variables and generally predict only specific/wide scope readings for movement relatives as well as for resumptive relatives. In general, any strict mapping between resumption and specificity fails to account for the fact that Hebrew gap relatives too allow for a specific interpretation; as a possible solution, I speculate that two different kinds of specificity may be relevant.
Features are phonological transforms of natural boundaries
Authors: Serniclaes Willy
Published: March 2014

Features are differential units: not categories but differences between categories. Starting from the differential nature of the features, the best candidates for instantiating them are the perceptual boundaries evidenced in the study of speech. We showed that place-of-articulation perception is based on psychoacoustic boundaries in the neutral vocalic context. Also, we found that the contextual changes of the place boundaries follow a radial movement around a central point corresponding to the neutral vowel. Further, the perceptual boundaries relative to vowel and consonant place of articulation contrasts coincided after rotation of the acoustic space. Taken together these findings suggest that place perception refers to a “Radial” representation of the vocal tract with psychoacoustic boundaries as central reference. Keywords: feature; boundary; rotation; invariance; isotropy
Acoustic cues to stop-coda voicing contrasts in the speech of 2-3-year-olds learning American English
Authors: Shattuck-Hufnagel Stefanie , Demuth Katherine , Hanson Helen M. , Stevens Kenneth N.
Published: March 2014

Stevens (2002) postulates that speakers represent words in terms of distinctive features, with different acoustic cues signaling the feature contrasts in different contexts. Imbrie (2002) suggests that children use cues differently from adults in word-onset consonants. This paper explores these differences for word-final stops, using detailed acoustic analyses of cues to the voicing contrast in 2 children (2;5 and 3;2). Voiced coda stops were associated with a long voice bar during closure and an epenthetic vowel after release; voiceless coda stops with noisy and/or glottalized voice quality toward the vowel end, suggesting that incomplete control of gestural coordination, immature planning ability, or non-adult-like decisions about enhancing feature cues, may persist even after the child is producing recognizable stops.
Chapter 9. Connectivity and definiteness in an English equative construction
Authors: Hendrick Randall
Published: March 2014

This chapter describes the syntactic behavior of constructions like the prospects are for peace. The construction is argued to be a sub-case of equational (or ‘specificational’) copular constructions. It is shown that the construction exhibits a definiteness effect on the subject of the copula and an indefiniteness effect on the complement of for, not shared by similar equational sentences. An explanation is provided that derives the descriptive pattern from general properties holding at the interface of the syntactic and semantic components in conjunction with local deletion operations operating at the interface with the phonological component.
The effect of friendly touch on delay-of-gratification in preschool children
Authors: Leonard Julia A. , Berkowitz Talia , Shusterman Anna
Published: March 2014

Physical touch has many documented benefits, but past research has paid little attention to the effects of touch on children's development. Here, we tested the effect of touch on children's compliance behaviour in a modified delay-of-gratification task. Forty children ( M = 59 months) were randomly assigned to a touch or no touch group. Children in the intervention condition received a friendly touch on the back while being told that they should wait for permission to eat a candy. Results showed that children in the touch condition waited an average of two minutes longer to eat the candy than children in the no touch condition. This finding has implications for the potential of using touch to promote positive behaviours in children.
SUN proteins facilitate the removal of membranes from chromatin during nuclear envelope breakdown
Authors: Turgay Yagmur , Champion Lysie , Balazs Csaba , Held Michael , Toso Alberto , Gerlich Daniel W. , Meraldi Patrick , Kutay Ulrike
Published: March 2014

SUN proteins reside in the inner nuclear membrane and form complexes with KASH proteins of the outer nuclear membrane that connect the nuclear envelope (NE) to the cytoskeleton. These complexes have well-established functions in nuclear anchorage and migration in interphase, but little is known about their involvement in mitotic processes. Our analysis demonstrates that simultaneous depletion of human SUN1 and SUN2 delayed removal of membranes from chromatin during NE breakdown (NEBD) and impaired the formation of prophase NE invaginations (PNEIs), similar to microtubule depolymerization or down-regulation of the dynein cofactors NudE/EL. In addition, overexpression of dominant-negative SUN and KASH constructs reduced the occurrence of PNEI, indicating a requirement for functional SUN–KASH complexes in NE remodeling. Codepletion of SUN1/2 slowed cell proliferation and resulted in an accumulation of morphologically defective and disoriented mitotic spindles. Quantification of mitotic timing revealed a delay between NEBD and chromatin separation, indicating a role of SUN proteins in bipolar spindle assembly and mitotic progression.
Assessing multivariate gene-metabolome associations with rare variants using Bayesian reduced rank regression
Authors: Marttinen Pekka , Pirinen Matti , Sarin Antti-Pekka , Gillberg Jussi , Kettunen Johannes , Surakka Ida , Kangas Antti J. , Soininen Pasi , O’Reilly Paul , Kaakinen Marika , Kähönen Mika , Lehtimäki Terho , Ala-Korpela Mika , Raitakari Olli T. , Salomaa Veikko , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Ripatti Samuli , Kaski Samuel
Published: March 2014

Motivation: A typical genome-wide association study searches for associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a univariate phenotype. However, there is a growing interest to investigate associations between genomics data and multivariate phenotypes, for example, in gene expression or metabolomics studies. A common approach is to perform a univariate test between each genotype–phenotype pair, and then to apply a stringent significance cutoff to account for the large number of tests performed. However, this approach has limited ability to uncover dependencies involving multiple variables. Another trend in the current genetics is the investigation of the impact of rare variants on the phenotype, where the standard methods often fail owing to lack of power when the minor allele is present in only a limited number of individuals.

Results: We propose a new statistical approach based on Bayesian reduced rank regression to assess the impact of multiple SNPs on a high-dimensional phenotype. Because of the method’s ability to combine information over multiple SNPs and phenotypes, it is particularly suitable for detecting associations involving rare variants. We demonstrate the potential of our method and compare it with alternatives using the Northern Finland Birth Cohort with 4702 individuals, for whom genome-wide SNP data along with lipoprotein profiles comprising 74 traits are available. We discovered two genes ( XRCC4 and MTHFD2L ) without previously reported associations, which replicated in a combined analysis of two additional cohorts: 2390 individuals from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study and 3659 individuals from the FINRISK study.

Availability and implementation: R-code freely available for download at http://users.ics.aalto.fi/pemartti/gene_metabolome/ .

Contact:  samuli.ripatti@helsinki.fi ; samuel.kaski@aalto.fi

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Improving MEME via a two-tiered significance analysis
Authors: Tanaka Emi , Bailey Timothy L. , Keich Uri
Published: March 2014

Motivation : With over 9000 unique users recorded in the first half of 2013, MEME is one of the most popular motif-finding tools available. Reliable estimates of the statistical significance of motifs can greatly increase the usefulness of any motif finder. By analogy, it is difficult to imagine evaluating a BLAST result without its accompanying E -value. Currently MEME evaluates its EM-generated candidate motifs using an extension of BLAST’s E -value to the motif-finding context. Although we previously indicated the drawbacks of MEME’s current significance evaluation, we did not offer a practical substitute suited for its needs, especially because MEME also relies on the E -value internally to rank competing candidate motifs.

Results : Here we offer a two-tiered significance analysis that can replace the E -value in selecting the best candidate motif and in evaluating its overall statistical significance. We show that our new approach could substantially improve MEME’s motif-finding performance and would also provide the user with a reliable significance analysis. In addition, for large input sets, our new approach is in fact faster than the currently implemented E -value analysis.

Contact : uri.keich@sydney.edu.au or emi.tanaka@sydney.edu.au

Supplementary information : Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MRI-based Decision Making of Implant Removal in Deep Wound Infection After Instrumented Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Kanayama Masahiro , Hashimoto Tomoyuki , Shigenobu Keiichi , Oha Fumihiro , Iwata Akira , Tanaka Masaru
Published: March 2014

Study design:

A retrospective study.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to review the treatment of deep wound infection after posterior instrumented lumbar fusion, and thereby to optimize the decision-making process of implant removal or retention on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment.

Summary of Background Data:

Biofilm formed on the surface of the spinal implant prevents infiltration of antibiotics and makes the infection treatment more complicated. The decision of implant removal, if necessary, should be made appropriately, but the problem is a lack of consensus for implant removal or retention.

Methods:

A total of 1445 consecutive patients who underwent posterior instrumented lumbar fusion were reviewed retrospectively. There were 23 deep wound infections (1.6%) requiring surgical treatment. MR images were used to evaluate the presence or absence of osteomyelitis of the instrumented vertebra and intervertebral abscess.

Results:

Six patients in the negative MRI group (n=7) were successfully treated by a single salvage surgery without implant removal; fusion occurred in 86% of the patients. However, in the positive MRI group (n=13), 4 patients required implant removal at the initial surgery and 5 patients eventually warranted implant removal after an average of 2.4 additional operations. Notably, 3 of the 4 patients who kept the implants ended up with a loss of fixation stability attributed to screw loosening with a progressive destruction of the instrumented vertebra. Therefore, the fusion rate was only 23% for the MRI-positive patients. Furthermore, making a wrong decision regarding implant removal increased the number of salvage surgeries and frequently resulted in progressive bone destruction and pseudarthrosis.

Conclusions:

Once vertebral osteomyelitis and/or intervertebral abscess were evident in MR images, all the hardware should be removed. Failure to adhere to this recommendation resulted in multiple additional failed operations, and ultimately pseudarthrosis with further bony destruction.
Efficacy and Toxicity of Every 2 Weeks Docetaxel Regimen in Comparison With Weekly or Every 3 Weeks in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Malhotra Akshiv , Welch Donna , Rosenbaum Paula , Poiesz Bernard J.
Published: March 2014

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to compare weekly (q1w), 2 weekly (q2w), and 3 weekly (q3w) regimens of docetaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively studied patients treated with q1w, q2w, or q3w docetaxel regimens at 30, 60, and 75 mg/m2, respectively. The choice and duration of treatment was decided by their oncologist. Patients were assessed for response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS), and toxicity.

Results:

Twelve, 14, and 15 patients were in the q1w, q2w, and q3w arms, respectively. Patients’ age, metastases, and mean prostate-specific antigen at start and nadir were similar among groups. Mean total dose (MTD) was higher (not significantly) in the q2w group. Response rates, mean, and median PFS and OS ranked q2w>q3w>q1w (not significantly). However, hazard ratios for PFS for the q2w and q3w arms were statistically superior to the q1w arm when adjusted for age and total dose. The same was true for OS when q3w was compared with q1w. There were no significant differences between the q2w and q3w arms. Toxicities were not different between any of the arms, save for grade 1/2 neuropathy (lower in q1w compared with q2w).

Conclusions:

The MTD, response rates, PFS, and OS in the q1w and q3w arms were similar to published reports. Although we had a small number of patients, our findings suggest that both dose concentration and total docetaxel dose may be important in the treatment of CRPC and q2w dosing is an option in patients intolerant of a higher dose concentration.
Do Parents and Children Agree? Quality‐of‐Life Assessment of Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Their Parents
Authors: Gallo Julieta , Grant Amy , Otley Anthony R. , Orsi Marina , MacIntyre Brad , Gauvry Silvia , Lifschitz Carlos
Published: March 2014

Background and Objectives:

Multi‐item measures of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity based on clinical, laboratory, and/or endoscopic variables do not take into consideration the impact on the patients' emotional aspects and adaptation to the disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate concordance between parent and child ratings of health‐related quality of life on the IMPACT‐III questionnaire in children with IBD.

Methods:

The IMPACT‐III questionnaire was used to measure quality of life in 27 patients (mean age 14.2 ± 3 years, 40% girls) and one of their parents (82% mothers). Most of the patients had inactive disease at the time of the study. Differences between parent‐proxy ratings and child ratings on the IMPACT‐III were compared via paired‐samples t tests, intraclass correlation coefficients, and standardized difference scores.

Results:

Parent‐proxy and patient ratings were similar on total IMPACT‐III and its related domains (bowel symptoms, systemic symptoms, social functioning, body image, treatment/interventions), except that significant differences on emotional functioning ratings were found (P = 0.003). Intraclass correlation coefficients showed medium‐to‐large effect sizes (range 0.52–0.88) and standardized difference scores showed varying degrees of bias depending on the domain measured (range −0.64 to 0.32).

Conclusions:

Parents served as a good proxy for quality‐of‐life ratings in this population of pediatric patients with IBD. The degree of concordance between parent and child scores, however, varied, as observed in the present study in which parents underreported their child's health‐related quality of life on the IMPACT‐III emotional functioning domain.
Melting in super-earths
Authors: Stixrude Lars
Published: March 2014

We examine the possible extent of melting in rock-iron super-earths, focusing on those in the habitable zone. We consider the energetics of accretion and core formation, the timescale of cooling and its dependence on viscosity and partial melting, thermal regulation via the temperature dependence of viscosity, and the melting curves of rock and iron components at the ultra-high pressures characteristic of super-earths. We find that the efficiency of kinetic energy deposition during accretion increases with planetary mass; considering the likely role of giant impacts and core formation, we find that super-earths probably complete their accretionary phase in an entirely molten state. Considerations of thermal regulation lead us to propose model temperature profiles of super-earths that are controlled by silicate melting. We estimate melting curves of iron and rock components up to the extreme pressures characteristic of super-earth interiors based on existing experimental and
ab initio
results and scaling laws. We construct super-earth thermal models by solving the equations of mass conservation and hydrostatic equilibrium, together with equations of state of rock and iron components. We set the potential temperature at the core–mantle boundary and at the surface to the local silicate melting temperature. We find that ancient (∼4 Gyr) super-earths may be partially molten at the top and bottom of their mantles, and that mantle convection is sufficiently vigorous to sustain dynamo action over the whole range of super-earth masses.
Hoppeia youngheungensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the Flavobacteriaceae isolated from tidal flat sediment, and emended descriptions of the genus Sediminibacter and Sediminibacter furfurosus
Authors: Kwon Yong Min , Choi Donghee , Yang Sung-Hyun , Kwon Kae Kyoung , Kim Sang-Jin
Published: March 2014

A Gram-reaction-negative, proteorhodopsin-containing, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped, non-gliding and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated strain YIK12T, was isolated from tidal flat sediment of Yeongheung Island at the coast of the West Sea of Korea. Cells produced non-diffusible carotenoid pigments, but not flexirubin-type pigment. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate was affiliated to the family

Flavobacteriaceae

and showed highest similarity to

Sediminibacter furfurosus

MAOS-86T (93.3 %). Growth was observed at 24–44 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6.5–8.0 (optimum 7.0) and in the presence of 1.5–7.0 % sea salts (optimum 2 %). The DNA G+C content was 40.4 mol% and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C16 : 0 3-OH, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. On the basis of data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain YIK12T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family

Flavobacteriaceae

, for which the name Hoppeia youngheungensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of H. youngheungensis is YIK12T ( = KCCM 43023T = JCM 19488T). Emended descriptions of the genus

Sediminibacter

and

Sediminibacter furfurosus

are given.
Identifying mRNA sequence elements for target recognition by human Argonaute proteins
Authors: Li Jingjing , Kim TaeHyung , Nutiu Razvan , Ray Debashish , Hughes Timothy R. , Zhang Zhaolei
Published: March 2014

It is commonly known that mammalian microRNAs (miRNAs) guide the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to target mRNAs through the seed-pairing rule. However, recent experiments that coimmunoprecipitate the Argonaute proteins (AGOs), the central catalytic component of RISC, have consistently revealed extensive AGO-associated mRNAs that lack seed complementarity with miRNAs. We herein test the hypothesis that AGO has its own binding preference within target mRNAs, independent of guide miRNAs. By systematically analyzing the data from in vivo cross-linking experiments with human AGOs, we have identified a structurally accessible and evolutionarily conserved region (∼10 nucleotides in length) that alone can accurately predict AGO–mRNA associations, independent of the presence of miRNA binding sites. Within this region, we further identified an enriched motif that was replicable on independent AGO-immunoprecipitation data sets. We used RNAcompete to enumerate the RNA-binding preference of human AGO2 to all possible 7-mer RNA sequences and validated the AGO motif in vitro. These findings reveal a novel function of AGOs as sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins, which may aid miRNAs in recognizing their targets with high specificity.
Enrofloxacin hydrochloride dihydrate
Authors: Miranda-Calderón Jorge E. , Gutiérrez Lilia , Flores-Alamo Marcos , García-Gutiérrez Ponciano , Sumano Héctor
Published: March 2014

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C19H23FN3O3+·Cl−·2H2O [systematic name: 4-(3-carboxy-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-7-yl)-1-ethylpiperazin-1-ium chloride dihydrate], consists of two independent monocations of the protonated enrofloxacin, two chloride anions and four water molecules. In the cations, the piperazinium rings adopt chair conformations and the dihedral angles between the cyclopropyl ring and the 10-membered quinoline ring system are 56.55 (2) and 51.11 (2)°. An intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond is observed in each cation. In the crystal, the components are connectedviaO—H...Cl, N—H...Cl and O—H...O hydrogen bonds, and a π–π interaction between the benzene rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.6726 (13) Å], resulting in a three-dimensional array.
Composites and MIL-STD-1530C
Authors: Warren Aaron , Heslehurst Rikard , Wilson Eric
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to discuss changes to MIL-STD-1530C “Aircraft Structural Integrity Program” to account for the increased usage of composites in aircraft structures.

Design/methodology/approach

– The evolution of the Aircraft Structural Integrity Program is presented and the five tasks that comprise the program are assessed for compatibility with composite aircraft structures.

Findings

– This paper identifies a number of recommended changes to MIL-STD-1530C to ensure that the unique behaviour of composites is considered within the Aircraft Structural Integrity Program.

Originality/value

– This paper recommends changes to MIL-STD-1530C to account for composite aircraft structures, thus providing assurance compatibility of the Aircraft Structural Integrity Program with composite materials.
Improvement of fatigue limit by shot peening for high-strength steel containing a crack-like surface defect
Authors: Yasuda Jun , Takahashi Koji , Okada Hideki
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of stress ratio (R) on the effects of shot peening (SP) on the fatigue limit of high-strength steel containing an artificial small defect.

Design/methodology/approach

– SP was subjected on the specimens with a semi-circular slit with a depth of a=0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mm. Then, bending fatigue tests were carried out under R=0.4.

Findings

– The fatigue limits of specimens with a semi-circular slit were improved by SP under R=0.4. The fatigue limits of the SP specimens with a semi-circular slit under a=0.2 mm fractured outside the slit, and they had considerably high fatigue limits equal to specimens without a slit. Therefore, a semi-circular slit with a depth of under a=0.2 mm could be rendered harmless by SP under R=0.4. Compared to the results of R=0, the increasing ratios of fatigue limits under R=0.4 were lower than those under R=0. However, the size of semi-circular slit that could be rendered harmless by SP was same. In addition, it was found that whether the semi-circular slit is rendered harmless or not is decided by the relationship between the stress intensity factor range of semi-circular cracks and the threshold stress intensity factor regardless of stress ratio.

Practical implications

– The proposed method can be applied to mechanical parts used in vehicles, aircraft and trains.

Originality/value

– This is the first paper to investigate the fatigue limits after SP in materials containing a surface defect under positive stress ratio. In this study, the authors investigated the influence of stress ratio on the effects of SP on the fatigue limit containing a surface defects.
Developing superior value propositions: a strategic marketing imperative
Authors: Payne Adrian , Frow Pennie
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– Scholars identify the value proposition as representing the essence of strategy and the firm's single most important organizing principle. However, research suggests less than 10 per cent of companies formally develop value propositions. The purpose of this paper is to undertake case study research investigating the process by which leading companies develop their value propositions.

Design/methodology/approach

– The research identifies that the financial services and telecommunications vertical markets are viewed as the highly sophisticated industry sectors in terms of customer management. These industry sectors are selected for investigation. The paper develops case studies of two companies’ approaches to developing value propositions in the business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) sectors within these vertical markets.

Findings

– This paper contributes to the marketing literature by examining how two large and complex service enterprises have adopted structured processes for developing innovative value proposition within the B2B and B2C sectors. The authors argue that innovation in value proposition development represents a substantive opportunity for marketing to reassert its influence in the boardroom.

Practical implications

– This case study research provides guidelines of the processes by which enterprises can successfully develop innovative value propositions.

Originality/value

– This research is considered to be the first case-based academic exploration of the formal processes by which large organizations develop value propositions.
The road back to relevance
Authors: Klaus Philipp , Edvardsson Bo
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– Based upon primary research, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the three main sources of frustration about the marketing scholars’ community current status quo. It delivers feasible solutions and describes, using the example of the Special Issue, how to overcome these challenges and provide the research environment all desire.

Design/methodology/approach

– Editorial paper summarizing the Special Issue's contributions and observations from the marketing scholar community.

Findings

– The three main sources of frustration for marketing scholars about the current system are, first, review and publishing processes, second, the dominant epistemological and methodological approach in academe, encouraging an increasing specialization and reliance on generating more and more quantitatively driven knowledge and finally, the lack of acceptance (and outright disdain) for research with a managerial, applied emphasis.

Practical implications

– But it surely is not mission impossible to build the research environment that is wanted. To build the research environment the community desires and to be “back where we belong,” to be relevant means the need to do more than just engaging in lip service. Rather than complying with the system causing frustration, the paper asks all to take an active part in the change process. The paper strongly encourages all, as editors, reviewers, colleagues, mentors and supervisors to do so and take some chances. Engage in and support brave research.

Social implications

– The authors hope that the paper will stimulate research widely accessible to both managers, and a broader audience. This will eventually lead to a better reputation and public opinion toward marketing scholars and research.

Originality/value

– Rather than simply stating the main frustrations of the marketing scholar community, and calling for changes, the authors demonstrate how these challenges can be overcome, and deliver platforms to communicate and lead both the conversation and the actions to achieve the research community most desire.
Branding paradigms and the shift of methodological approaches to branding
Authors: Mazurek Marica
Published: March 2014

Purpose

– The aim of this paper is to discuss and conceptually support the statement that a critical and holistic approach to branding requires interplay of the methods and methodologies of different disciplines and the so-called decompositional approach.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study is based on the thorough secondary research based on content analysis of the studied literature dealing with the methodological approach to brand management and branding, especially the comparison of brand management categorization and development of approaches from the customer centrality and strategic priority to the adaptive and relational paradigms.

Findings

– The major outcome of this research is the confirmation of the fact that changes of paradigmatic approaches to research are rooted in economic and social changes. The predominance of relational, community, cultural approaches stem from the growth of customers' value and a new role of customers in the economic and social sphere.

Research limitations/implications

– The topic of branding in management in tourism destinations is still emerging, especially understanding of transition of paradigms and approaches to the research of branding in tourism.

Practical implications

– Important is the explanation of differences between the approaches to branding and especially the fact that some of the approaches (relational, community and cultural approach) are based on systems-thinking and contribute to the competitive advantage creation.

Originality/value

– The paper aims to highlight the fact how global social and economic forces and changing cycles (Kondratiev) have influenced the empirical research and the implementation of ideas on economic interventions and social problems topics. This fact embraced major themes in a society and has influenced research on innovation and branding. It might be compelling to discuss the changes in paradigms and explain why social responsibility and other core themes resonate and influence the managerial practices in tourism and the paradigms in research of tourism dealing with brand management.