bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating trends in the global mean temperature record
Authors: Poppick Andrew , Moyer Elisabeth J. , Stein Michael L.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Given uncertainties in physical theory and numerical climate simulations, the historical temperature record is often used as a source of empirical information about climate change. Many historical trend analyses appear to de-emphasize physical and statistical assumptions: examples include regression models that treat time rather than radiative forcing as the relevant covariate, and time series methods that account for internal variability in nonparametric rather than parametric ways. However, given a limited data record and the presence of internal variability, estimating radiatively forced temperature trends in the historical record necessarily requires some assumptions. Ostensibly empirical methods can also involve an inherent conflict in assumptions: they require data records that are short enough for naive trend models to be applicable, but long enough for long-timescale internal variability to be accounted for. In the context of global mean temperatures, empirical methods that appear to de-emphasize assumptions can therefore produce misleading inferences, because the trend over the twentieth century is complex and the scale of temporal correlation is long relative to the length of the data record. We illustrate here how a simple but physically motivated trend model can provide better-fitting and more broadly applicable trend estimates and can allow for a wider array of questions to be addressed. In particular, the model allows one to distinguish, within a single statistical framework, between uncertainties in the shorter-term vs. longer-term response to radiative forcing, with implications not only on historical trends but also on uncertainties in future projections. We also investigate the consequence on inferred uncertainties of the choice of a statistical description of internal variability. While nonparametric methods may seem to avoid making explicit assumptions, we demonstrate how even misspecified parametric statistical methods, if attuned to the important characteristics of internal variability, can result in more accurate uncertainty statements about trends.
Fractional Governing Equations of Transient Groundwater Flow in Confined Aquifers with Multi-Fractional Dimensions in Fractional Time
Authors: Kavvas M. Levent , Tu Tongbi , Ercan Ali , Polsinelli James
Published: June 2017

Abstract. A dimensionally-consistent governing equation of transient, saturated groundwater flow in fractional time in a multi-fractional confined aquifer is developed. First, a continuity equation for transient groundwater flow in fractional time and in a multi-fractional, multi-dimensional confined aquifer is developed. An equation of water flux is also developed. The governing equation of transient groundwater flow in a multi-fractional, multi-dimensional confined aquifer in fractional time is then obtained by combining the fractional continuity and water flux equations.
Biogeochemical protocols and diagnostics for the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP)
Authors: Orr James C. , Najjar Raymond G. , Aumont Olivier , Bopp Laurent , Bullister John L. , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Doney Scott C. , Dunne John P. , Dutay Jean-Claude , Graven Heather , Griffies Stephen M. , John Jasmin G. , Joos Fortunat , Levin Ingeborg , Lindsay Keith , Matear Richard J. , McKinley Galen A. , Mouchet Anne , Oschlies Andreas , Romanou Anastasia , Schlitzer Reiner , Tagliabue Alessandro , Tanhua Toste , Yool Andrew
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) focuses on the physics and biogeochemistry of the ocean component of Earth system models participating in the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). OMIP aims to provide standard protocols and diagnostics for ocean models, while offering a forum to promote their common assessment and improvement. It also offers to compare solutions of the same ocean models when forced with reanalysis data (OMIP simulations) vs. when integrated within fully coupled Earth system models (CMIP6). Here we detail simulation protocols and diagnostics for OMIP's biogeochemical and inert chemical tracers. These passive-tracer simulations will be coupled to ocean circulation models, initialized with observational data or output from a model spin-up, and forced by repeating the 1948–2009 surface fluxes of heat, fresh water, and momentum. These so-called OMIP-BGC simulations include three inert chemical tracers (CFC-11, CFC-12, SF6) and biogeochemical tracers (e.g., dissolved inorganic carbon, carbon isotopes, alkalinity, nutrients, and oxygen). Modelers will use their preferred prognostic BGC model but should follow common guidelines for gas exchange and carbonate chemistry. Simulations include both natural and total carbon tracers. The required forced simulation (omip1) will be initialized with gridded observational climatologies. An optional forced simulation (omip1-spunup) will be initialized instead with BGC fields from a long model spin-up, preferably for 2000 years or more, and forced by repeating the same 62-year meteorological forcing. That optional run will also include abiotic tracers of total dissolved inorganic carbon and radiocarbon, CTabio and 14CTabio, to assess deep-ocean ventilation and distinguish the role of physics vs. biology. These simulations will be forced by observed atmospheric histories of the three inert gases and CO2 as well as carbon isotope ratios of CO2. OMIP-BGC simulation protocols are founded on those from previous phases of the Ocean Carbon-Cycle Model Intercomparison Project. They have been merged and updated to reflect improvements concerning gas exchange, carbonate chemistry, and new data for initial conditions and atmospheric gas histories. Code is provided to facilitate their implementation.
Reconstruction of droughts in India using multiple land surface models (1951–2015)
Authors: Mishra Vimal , Shah Reepal , Azhar Syed , Shah Harsh , Modi Parth , Kumar Rohini
Published: June 2017

Abstract. India has witnessed some of the most severe droughts in the current decade and severity, frequency, and areal extent of droughts have been increasing. As a large population of India is dependent on agriculture, soil moisture droughts adversely affect agriculture and groundwater resources. Due to lack of observations, soil moisture is generally simulated using land surface hydrological models (LSMs), however, these LSMs have uncertainty due to model parameterization. Here we reconstruct agricultural drought events during the period of 1951–2015 based on simulated soil moisture from three LSMs, the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC), the Noah, and the Community Land Model (CLM). We find a higher uncertainty in soil moisture droughts over a large part of India during the major crop growing season (Rabi season, November to February: NDJF) than that of the monsoon season (June to September: JJAS). Moreover, uncertainty in drought estimates is higher for severe and localized droughts. Higher uncertainty in the soil moisture droughts is largely due to the difference in model parameterizations; resulting in different persistence of soil moisture simulated by the three LSMs. Our study highlights the importance of accounting for the LSMs uncertainty and consideration of multimodel ensemble for the real-time monitoring and prediction of drought over India.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity model computed from bimodal water retention curves for a range of New Zealand soils
Authors: Pollacco Joseph Alexander Paul , Webb Trevor , McNeill Stephen , Hu Wei , Carrick Sam , Hewitt Allan , Lilburne Linda
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Descriptions of soil hydraulic properties, such as the soil moisture retention curve, θ(h), and saturated hydraulic conductivities, Ks, are a prerequisite for hydrological models. Since the measurement of Ks is expensive, it is frequently derived from statistical pedotransfer functions (PTFs). Because it is usually more difficult to describe Ks than θ(h) from pedotransfer functions, Pollacco et al. (2013) developed a physical unimodal model to compute Ks solely from hydraulic parameters derived from the Kosugi θ(h). This unimodal Ks model, which is based on a unimodal Kosugi soil pore-size distribution, was developed by combining the approach of Hagen–Poiseuille with Darcy's law and by introducing three tortuosity parameters. We report here on (1) the suitability of the Pollacco unimodal Ks model to predict Ks for a range of New Zealand soils from the New Zealand soil database (S-map) and (2) further adaptations to this model to adapt it to dual-porosity structured soils by computing the soil water flux through a continuous function of an improved bimodal pore-size distribution. The improved bimodal Ks model was tested with a New Zealand data set derived from historical measurements of Ks and θ(h) for a range of soils derived from sandstone and siltstone. The Ks data were collected using a small core size of 10 cm diameter, causing large uncertainty in replicate measurements. Predictions of Ks were further improved by distinguishing topsoils from subsoil. Nevertheless, as expected, stratifying the data with soil texture only slightly improved the predictions of the physical Ks models because the Ks model is based on pore-size distribution and the calibrated parameters were obtained within the physically feasible range. The improvements made to the unimodal Ks model by using the new bimodal Ks model are modest when compared to the unimodal model, which is explained by the poor accuracy of measured total porosity. Nevertheless, the new bimodal model provides an acceptable fit to the observed data. The study highlights the importance of improving Ks measurements with larger cores.
Regional-scale brine migration along vertical pathways due to CO2 injection – Part 1: The participatory modeling approach
Authors: Scheer Dirk , Konrad Wilfried , Class Holger , Kissinger Alexander , Knopf Stefan , Noack Vera
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Saltwater intrusion into potential drinking water aquifers due to the injection of CO2 into deep saline aquifers is one of the potential hazards associated with the geological storage of CO2. Thus, in a site selection process, models for predicting the fate of the displaced brine are required, for example, for a risk assessment or the optimization of pressure management concepts. From the very beginning, this research on brine migration aimed at involving expert and stakeholder knowledge and assessment in simulating the impacts of injecting CO2 into deep saline aquifers by means of a participatory modeling process. The involvement exercise made use of two approaches. First, guideline-based interviews were carried out, aiming at eliciting expert and stakeholder knowledge and assessments of geological structures and mechanisms affecting CO2-induced brine migration. Second, a stakeholder workshop including the World Café format yielded evaluations and judgments of the numerical modeling approach, scenario selection, and preliminary simulation results. The participatory modeling approach gained several results covering brine migration in general, the geological model sketch, scenario development, and the review of the preliminary simulation results. These results were included in revised versions of both the geological model and the numerical model, helping to improve the analysis of regional-scale brine migration along vertical pathways due to CO2 injection.
Land surface model performance using cosmic-ray and point-scale soil moisture measurements for calibration
Authors: Iwema Joost , Rosolem Rafael , Rahman Mostaquimur , Blyth Eleanor , Wagener Thorsten
Published: June 2017

Abstract. At very high resolution scale (i.e. grid cells of 1 km2), land surface model parameters can be calibrated with eddy-covariance flux data and point-scale soil moisture data. However, measurement scales of eddy-covariance and point-scale data differ substantially. In our study, we investigated the impact of reducing the scale mismatch between surface energy flux and soil moisture observations by replacing point-scale soil moisture data with observations derived from Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensors (CRNSs) made at larger spatial scales. Five soil and evapotranspiration parameters of the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) were calibrated against point-scale and Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensor soil moisture data separately. We calibrated the model for 12 sites in the USA representing a range of climatic, soil, and vegetation conditions. The improvement in latent heat flux estimation for the two calibration solutions was assessed by comparison to eddy-covariance flux data and to JULES simulations with default parameter values. Calibrations against the two soil moisture products alone did show an advantage for the cosmic-ray technique. However, further analyses of two-objective calibrations with soil moisture and latent heat flux showed no substantial differences between both calibration strategies. This was mainly caused by the limited effect of calibrating soil parameters on soil moisture dynamics and surface energy fluxes. Other factors that played a role were limited spatial variability in surface fluxes implied by soil moisture spatio-temporal stability, and data quality issues.
GB-InSAR monitoring and observational method for landslide emergency management: the Montaguto earthflow (AV, Italy)
Authors: Ferrigno Federica , Gigli Giovanni , Fanti Riccardo , Intrieri Emanuele , Casagli Nicola
Published: June 2017

Abstract. On 10 March 2010, because of the heavy rainfall in the preceding days, the Montaguto landslide (Southern Italy) reactivated, affecting both state road 90 Delle Puglie and the Rome–Bari railway. A similar event occurred on May 2005 and on September 2009. As a result, the National Civil Protection Department (DPC) started an accurate monitoring and analysis program. A monitoring project using the GB-InSAR (ground-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar) system was emplaced to investigate the landslide kinematics, plan urgent safety measures for risk mitigation and design long-term stabilization work.Here, we present the GB-InSAR monitoring system results and its applications in the observational method (OM) approach. GB-InSAR is an established instrument for long-term campaigns aimed at early warning and monitoring during construction works. Our paper further develops these aspects in that it highlights how the OM based on the GB-InSAR technique can produce savings in terms of cost and time in engineering projects without compromising safety. This study focuses on the key role played by the monitoring activities during the design and planning activities, with special reference to the emergency phase.
Hypsometric amplification and routing moderation of Greenland ice sheet meltwater release
Authors: van As Dirk , Bech Mikkelsen Andreas , Holtegaard Nielsen Morten , Box Jason E. , Claesson Liljedahl Lillemor , Lindbäck Katrin , Pitcher Lincoln , Hasholt Bent
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Concurrent ice sheet surface runoff and proglacial discharge monitoring are essential for understanding Greenland ice sheet meltwater release. We use an updated, well-constrained river discharge time series from the Watson River in southwest Greenland, with an accurate, observation-based ice sheet surface mass balance model of the  ∼  12 000 km2 ice sheet area feeding the river. For the 2006–2015 decade, we find a large range of a factor of 3 in interannual variability in discharge. The amount of discharge is amplified  ∼  56 % by the ice sheet's hypsometry, i.e., area increase with elevation. A good match between river discharge and ice sheet surface meltwater production is found after introducing elevation-dependent transit delays that moderate diurnal variability in meltwater release by a factor of 10–20. The routing lag time increases with ice sheet elevation and attains values in excess of 1 week for the upper reaches of the runoff area at  ∼  1800 m above sea level. These multi-day routing delays ensure that the highest proglacial discharge levels and thus overbank flooding events are more likely to occur after multi-day melt episodes. Finally, for the Watson River ice sheet catchment, we find no evidence of meltwater storage in or release from the en- and subglacial environments in quantities exceeding our methodological uncertainty, based on the good match between ice sheet runoff and proglacial discharge.
A Conversation Analysis Approach to Attributable Silence in Moroccan Conversation
Authors: Elouakili Samira
Published: June 2017

This paper is an adaptation of one section in the theoretical part of a MA thesis on ‘The conversational role of silence in Moroccan Arabic’ obtained in 1990, and aims to account for attributable silence (Schegloff & Sacks, 1973) within the conversation analysis approach based on the turn-taking model advanced by Sacks, Schegloff, and Gefferson (1974). Attributable silence occurs when a speaker is selected to speak upon the completion of an utterance that solicits a particular response but chooses, for one reason or another, to remain silent. Systematic and comprehensive as the model has often been claimed to be, it does not deal with this category of silence, which is highly significant to conversation partners in daily interaction. Hence, we attempt to provide an account for it using some of the turn-taking mechanisms developed within the model itself. This silence is characterized as a violation of the turn-taking rule involving the current speaker selects next technique, and the repair of the violation is provided through the suggestion of a rule stipulating that if a selected speaker fails to start a next turn, then the current speaker has the right to pursue a response until he obtains one; otherwise, the conversation may discontinue. Features that reveal the significance of this silence are also discussed–namely noticeability, attributability, accountability, and reportability. The examples used to discuss and illustrate these points are taken from the observational and experimental data collected for the thesis.
Prevention Through Deterrence along Egypt's Northeastern Border: Or the Politics of a Weaponized Desert
Authors: Morris Ellen
Published: June 2017

Throughout its history, Egypt's governments were concerned at its northeastern border both to keep would-be fugitives in and to keep would-be migrants and invaders out. Adopting a system of structural violence that bears similarity to America's policy of Prevention Through Deterrence on its southern border, the government fortified and policed the easiest points of entry across its official borders. Beyond that, however, it guarded water sources and relied upon the North Sinai desert to kill or grievously injure any intruders that ventured to cross it. This article considers the parallels between policies of border control in ancient Egypt and those currently practiced by the United States government with respect to Mexico. Moreover, it argues that the Sinai desert served as a shatter zone for the Pharaonic state and that local residents thus had the power either to sabotage or to bolster the efforts of a regime to secure its border.
La investigación científica en los estudiantes de grado y posgrado
Authors: Buitrago Reyes Lesbia Jeannette
Published: June 2017

En este artículo se describe la participación de los estudiantes de grado y posgrado de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras en proyectos de investigación científica en el período 2007-2015, por medio de fondos concursables que impulsa la UNAH con las convocatorias de becas de investigación. Se identifican las unidades académicas con mayor o menor participación así como las fortalezas y debilidades que presentan los proyectos que concursan y los porcentajes de aprobación o no de estas propuestas.Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No.11, diciembre 2016, p.7-20
Cáncer de laringe y Virus del papiloma humano en adultos del Hospital Escuela Universitario, Honduras
Authors: Estrada Núñez Carmen Rasario , Barrientos Augustinus Juan Carlos , Ferrera Boza Annabelle , Maradiaga Edna
Published: June 2017

El cáncer de laringe es el más frecuente en cabeza y cuello; recientemente se plantea la infección por virus del papiloma humano (VPH) en la carcinogénesis. El objetivo del estudio fue establecer la presencia del VPH en pacientes con carcinoma de laringe en el Hospital Escuela Universitario (HEU) desde marzo de 2012 a marzo de 2015.Se hizo un estudio retrospectivo. Previa autorización del Departamento de Patología se revisaron los diagnósticos histopatológicos de pacientes con carcinoma de laringe en HEU. El universo fue de 91 pacientes con carcinoma de laringe; la muestra fue de 30 pacientes.Se identificó el ADN del VPH mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y genotipificación molecular utilizando sondas marcadas mediante hibridación reversa LIPA (INNO-LIPA HPV Genotyping Extra). Se realizó tabulación y análisis en EPIINFO 3.5.4; se obtuvo frecuencias, porcentajes, medidas de tendencia central y de significancia estadística.Los resultados indican distribución por género, masculino 26/30 (86.6 %) y femenino 4/30 (13.3 %); edad media para VPH negativos (62.7 años) y para VPH positivos (54.8 años). Procedentes del área rural 19/30(63.3 %). Cofactores predominantes: el tabaquismo en 22/30 (73.3 %) y alcoholismo 20/30 (66.6 %). El sitio anatómico más afectado fue la glotis 16/30(53.3 %). Histológicamente predominó el carcinoma epidermoide moderadamente diferenciado 21/30 (70 %). Al momento del diagnóstico12/ 30(40 %) se encontraban en estadio III.El porcentaje de VPH fue del 43.3 % (13/30), IC 95%(25.5-62.6), p< 0.001. Se identificaron genotipos de alto riesgo (16, 31, 33, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58) y bajo riesgo (6, 11, 71 y 74), predominando VPH 11 (23 %) no oncogénico, seguido del VPH 16 (15.4 %) oncogénico. Hubo coinfección de dos o más genotipos.La conclusión es que el porcentaje de VPH fue del 43.3 % con predominio de VPH 11 y 16. Debido a la muestra reducida y a la variabilidad de los resultados en estudios internacionales, se recomiendan estudios futuros con casuística más grande.Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No.11, diciembre 2016, p.40-53
Comparación de la calidad de los laboratorios analíticos acreditados y no acreditados del Valle de Sula
Authors: López Orellana Daniela Gisselle , Sánchez Rolla Marina Laura
Published: June 2017

La calidad de los laboratorios analíticos es un requisito imprescindible que se define como el cumplimiento interno y externo, en donde se realizan análisis químicos para llevar a cabo un proceso que requiere exactitud, precisión, orden y organización (Burnett, Acreditacion del laboratorio clinico , 1998). El objetivo principal es comparar la calidad de los laboratorios de la Licenciatura en Química Industrial en las áreas de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Analítica de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras en el Valle de Sula con respecto a los laboratorios analíticos acreditados en el Valle de Sula. Dicha comparación se evaluó mediante entrevistas a jefes, supervisores y gestores de laboratorios analíticos acreditados y se obtuvo información valiosa sobre los equipos analíticos, instrumentos, materiales, seguridad y prevención de accidentes. También se encontró que éstos cuentan con organismos de acreditación que garantizan la calidad de sus servicios; por el contrario, se observó que los laboratorios de la Licenciatura en Química Industrial no cumplen con los requisitos de garantía, control y organización en varios aspectos característicos de los laboratorios analíticos, ya que sus equipos analíticos son escasos y también se encuentran en mal estado, no existen actividades planificadas que garantizan la calidad y estos puedan ser sometidos a evaluaciones por organismos de acreditación. A la vez se realizó una guía de observación que nos proporcionó información en detalle de cada uno de ellos. Este estudio brinda información valiosa sobre las limitaciones que existen en los laboratorios de la Licenciatura en Química Industrial, ya que a medida avanza el tiempo, estos se han ido deteriorando y el equipo con el que cuentan ha ido quedando obsoleto.Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No.11, diciembre 2016, p.54-69
Impacto en los ingresos de la población de Tegucigalpa debido a estudios superiores, año 2012
Authors: Enrique Moncada Héctor , Arrone Erwin
Published: June 2017

La educación ejerce un impacto sobre el aumento del ingreso de los individuos, medido a través de la tasa de rendimiento educativo. El estudio fue desarrollado en la ciudad universitaria tomando en cuenta las ramas de la actividad económica. La base de los años de escolaridad para determinar los niveles de la educación superior; considerando el primero al nivel de licenciatura y el segundo a nivel de maestría.El rendimiento de la educación sobre los ingresos juega un rol importante en el aumento del valor monetario recibido por los individuos y en el diseño de políticas públicas salariales del Gobierno y mercado laboral.En los resultados obtenidos de la investigación, los rendimientos educativos proveen mejor nivel de ingresos a los hombres que a las mujeres, a esto se le agrega que los hombres que laboral en la industria manufacturera tienen mejor probabilidad de aumentar sus ingresos que la mujer.Según el nivel educativo, los individuos que ostentan el nivel de maestría obtienen una mayor tasa de retorno en los ingresos que el de licenciatura; sin embargo, entre regiones geográficas la ciudad de San Pedro Sula obtuvo mayor retorno que en el Distrito central en el nivel de maestría. Conclusiones como las anteriores se destacan en esta investigación mediante la estimación de un modelo transversal, semilogarítmico de retornos marginales a la educación superior.Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No.11, diciembre 2016, 107-122
Time-lapse technic used to uncover the naturel growth of osteochondromas of the wrist in patients with Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas
Authors: Staal Heleen M. , Derwall John , Witlox Adhiambo M. , Rhijn Lodewijk W. van
Published: June 2017

Background: In patients with Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas (HMO) shortening and deformity of the long bones is a well-known sequel. Several theories could clarify the cause of shortening or deformity.Methods: To reveal the development of the long bones and the influence of the osteochondromas on the growth we used time-lapse technique. Radiographic images, taken for clinical reasons, of 6 HMO affected patients with known osteochondromas on the distal end of the lower arm were selected and adapted to make them suitable for use with a time-lapse technique. The images were placed in chronological order. The ulnar shortening, lunate position and radial inclination were registered, as were the clinical problems. The hypothesis being that slow occurring developmental deformities are easier comprehended and qualitatively studied when the changes are accelerated. Results: None of the patients had radial head dislocation at the elbow. The majority of the wrists had decreased ulnar length and increased radial inclination. The clinical problems were limited. The osteochondromatic growth did not seem related to the wrist growth, but when the inclination of the radius was steep osteochondromas were present in the distal radius and the ulna was shortened. Some osteochondromas disappeared.Conclusions: Time-lapse videos of wrists of patients with HMO showed no relation between growth of wrists and osteochondromas but it did show osteochondromas disappearing. A steep radial inclination seems related to ulnar shortening and might be due to proximity of radial osteochondromas. Patients had marked radiological changes, but relatively few clinical problems.
The Influence of Relational Learning of a Transnational Egocentric Network on Innovation Competence for Internationalization
Authors: Weymer Alex Sandro Quadros , Kato Heitor Takashi , Da Veiga Claudimar Pereira , Ferraresi Alex Antônio
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the influence of a transnational egocentric network on the innovation competence for internationalization for a transnational focal organization—considered one of the main players in the telecommunications sector worldwide. The theoretical–empirical framework relies on the perspectives of innovation, relational learning, and relational embeddedness in inter-organizational networks. With regard to methodology, the design chosen for this research was data collection, since it deals with relational data treated dyadically, using the network analysis technique to identify the egocentric network configuration with the use of UCINET software. We conclude that the studied network is oriented toward innovation and the analyzed variables show a high degree of complexity, especially in relation to the wide-reaching treatment of innovation as overlapping with the traditional indicators and with an emphasis on technology or research and development. In this sense, the main contribution of this research is to show that the traditional conception of organizational competence as an internal resource can be extended to the perspective of relational embeddedness by considering innovation for internationalization as an inter-organizational level of competence, creating the need to undertake new studies that will complement the explanatory power, in addition to the learning dimensions, that are contemplated in this research.
The Impact of Social Support on EFL Learners’ Motivation at Iraqi Kurdistan Universities
Authors: Abdullah Mohamad Yahya , Al-Mofti Khaldoon Waleed Husam
Published: June 2017

There are many reasons standing behind the fact why non-native speakers study English as a foreign language. For some, the aspiration to be a foreign language teacher or the ability to use English at work is the main reasons and driving factors, while for others the reason is simply to pass the course requirement at schools and universities. The present study aims to evaluate student motivation level and the factors influencing motivation. This paper will also highlight the influence of the factor of social support on the other factors of motivation. Data were gathered through likert scale questionnaires distributed to EFL learners of English in two different universities in Kurdistan region of Iraq and semi-structured interviews conducted with a number of students who have been selected randomly. The results indicated that the motivation to learn English is not dominated by one factor; however, the factors of goals, intention, and outside social support appear as the most influenced factors. Also, there was a statistically significant parallel correlation between the outside social support and goals factors. Consequently, the outside social factor appears as a significant contributor to the motivation of EFL Kurdish learners.
Salvation and Religiosity : The Predictive Strength and Limitations of a Rokeach Value Survey Item
Authors: Ittzés Gábor , Sipos-Bielochradszky Bernadett , Béres Orsolya , Pilinszki Attila
Published: June 2017

In this study we explore the possibilities and limitations of using the Salvation item of the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) as a global indicator of religiosity. Our data come from the data collection connected to the 4th wave of the European Social Survey (2008; N = 1144). First we compare the Salvation item with four global indicators of religiosity. In the second phase of analysis we examine the relationship between the overall indicators of religiosity – including, especially, the RVS Salvation item – and two „classic“ aspects of religiosity, the ideological dimension (beliefs) and the consequential dimension (religious behaviour). In the third step, we analyse the similarities and differences of the behaviour of Salvation and the other indicators as a function of socio-demographic variables (gender, age, level of education, domicile, denominational affiliation) with ANOVA. On the whole, the Salvation item of the RVS is a somewhat weaker indicator of religiosity than the other global indicators. On the one hand, it seems to be a stricter measure than those, and, on the other hand, it is less suitable to identify non-traditional forms of religiosity. With these restrictions, however, it can be considered an adequate indicator of religiosity under the social conditions of Hungary in the twenty-first century.
Reducing Mental Health Stigma : The Relationship between Knowledge and Attitude Change
Authors: Simmons Laura , Jones Tim , Bradley Eleanor
Published: June 2017

The Relationship between Knowledge and Attitude Change: The impact of how knowledge can effect attitude change is important in order to understand the consequences for stigma. The relationship between increasing subject knowledge of mental health and attitude change was explored. The sample comprised 39 students (18 male and 21 female)from a university in the West Midlands. Participants’ level of knowledge and stigma were recorded through pre- and post-tests using the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS), Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI) and the Opinions about Mental Illness (OMI) scale. Information about mental illness was provided between conditions followed by a distractor task. Responses were calculated and combined to give an overall score. A sign test with continuity correction was used to see whether there was a difference in attitudes. The pre- and post-test conditions were scored. Results demonstrate a statistically significant median decrease in stigma in the post-test condition (p = 0.03). Therefore, this research provides support for the success of providing knowledge and information about mental illness in order to reduce stigma.
Fertility Desires of Adolescents and Young Adults Living in Large Families : The Role of the Family of Origin and the Cultural Stereotypes
Authors: Bálity Csaba , Duráczky Bálint
Published: June 2017

The Role of the Family of Origin and the Cultural Stereotypes: In our study, we aimed at examining the childbearing desires of adolescents and young adults living in Hungarian large families. Two different methods were used during the dyadic data analysis. On the one hand, correlation between the fertility desires of siblings, on the other hand, the absolute difference in the planned number of children was measured. The data indicate that in two out of the three dyads of siblings, created by the order of birth, significant correlation can be measured. Pseudo-dyads were created in order to test if the above mentioned parallel data can be explained by the similar socio-demographic characteristics of the sample families. The correlation disappeared in case of the randomly paired adolescents and young adults. All in all, family background is likely to have a more important impact on fertility desires of youngsters than similar social environment.
The Sociological Study of Stress : An Analysis and Critique of the Stress Process Model
Authors: Au Anson
Published: June 2017

The stress process model in the sociological study of stress has changed over the thirty years of its use, developed continually to reflect changes in society and to include intellectual refinement. This paper represents a review that aims to do the same, filling the gaps in the original model with the inclusion of major developments in its structure and new social dimensions. An examination of the model’s key components reveals: its causes and manifestations, the intervention of resources that moderate its effects, and its consequences on an individual in terms of mental health and social adversities. In visitation of the dynamics of the stress process, I present a critical analysis that involves an investigation of the findings of research literature while considering recent trends, including the decline of the nuclear family and the influence of non-Western cultures among immigrants and minority groups. Thus, asserted on the case that the considerations undertaken by literature are again at a point requiring intellectual reform, this critique endeavours to articulate an updated, foundational version of the original model and to offer appraisals that could lend themselves as points for further development and study.
Self-Determination Theory and the Emerging Fields of Relationship Science and Niche Construction Theory
Authors: Martos Tamás , Sallay Viola
Published: June 2017

In this paper we summarise the basic tenets of Self-Determination Theory (SDT). As a special occasion for this overview, we review two recently published edited books on relationship motivation (WEINSTEIN 2014) and work motivation (GAGNÉ 2014) because both of them rely extensively on SDT concepts and principles while they extend the conceptual frames of the theory to several directions and applied fields. Furthermore, we argue that the basic propositions of SDT may contribute to the emerging field of the so called Relationship Science, the continuously forming interdisciplinary knowledge base on close relationships. On the other hand we propose that SDT could and should be further enriched by broader system theoretical approaches. Therefore we outline the evolutionary theoretical principles of human agency as represented in Niche Construction Theory and its applications in social sciences. While a complete theoretical integration exceeds the frames of a review, we draw a series of conclusions that may point in this direction.
History of Psychotherapy in Slovakia
Authors: Morovicsová Eva , Heretik Sr. Anton , Heretik Jr. Anton , Škodáček Igor
Published: June 2017

Authors present the history of psychotherapy in Slovakia. The first section refers to the social requirements for psychology and psychotherapy development. The history of psychotherapy alone is analysed in three stages of development. The first stage includes the years 1918–1945, where, related to the activities of the Clinic of Psychiatry and Neurology of the Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University in Bratislava, we come across the first attempts at applying psychotherapeutic approaches in medical practice and in the training of physicians. The second developmental stage (1945–1989) introduces individuals that significantly influenced the development of psychotherapeutic theories and their application in individual fields of clinical practice. They simultaneously show the contribution of the training school SUR to the development of psychotherapy in Slovakia. The most significant changes in the aspect of domestication and development of psychotherapy in Slovakia happened in the last characterised stage, in the period following the Velvet Revolution in 1989. The previously almost unavailable psychotherapeutic literature became available and psychotherapy was gradually introduced into the undergraduate and postgraduate education of physicians and other professionals. The first Slovak Society of Psychotherapy was founded and became a common ground for professionals in this field. In the final section of this paper, the authors present current questions and problems of the development, research and application of psychotherapy in Slovakia and briefly characterise the influence of legislation changes and reforms in healthcare on the position of psychotherapy.
The Mediating Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas in the Relationships of Emotional Maltreatment and Emotional Disorders
Authors: Abdolahzadeh Rafi Mahdi , Adibsereshki Narges , Hasanzadeh Aval Maryam
Published: June 2017

Although the consequences of emotional maltreatment have not been extensively investigated, experiences of emotional maltreatment or abuse have been associated with powerful and enduring psychological problems. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which emotional maltreatment contributed to emotional disorders, and the role of Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) in relationships of emotional maltreatment and emotional disorders in pre-adolescents. This study used the correlation-modelling design. A total of 492 junior high students participated in the study. The emotional abuse or maltreatment questionnaire made by NOROUZI (2012), the Achenbach self-report emotional disorders questionnaire preadolescence form (ACHENBACH & RESCORLA 2001), and the Early Maladaptive Schemas questionnaire (RIJKEBOER& DE BOO 2010) were used to measure and analyse emotional maltreatment and EMS in the students. The findings indicated that emotional maltreatment can directly lead to emotional disorders (anxiety, affective disorder) and schemas such as loneliness, submission and vulnerability. Emotional maltreatment was a significant predictor of emotional disorders. Findings of this study can inform parents and those who treat children in negative ways (maltreatment) of their impact on children’s emotions and of the negative outcomes.
On Saulyev's Methods
Authors: Østerby Ole
Published: June 2017

In 1957 V. K. Saulyev proposed two so-called asymmetric methods for solving parabolic equations. We study these methods w.r.t. their stability and consistency, how to include first order derivative terms, how to apply boundary conditions with a derivative, and how to extend the methods to two space dimensions. We also prove that the various modifications proposed by Saulyev, Barakat and Clark, and Larkin also (as was to be expected) require k = o(h) in order to be consistent. As a curiosity we show that the two original Saulyev methods in fact solve two different differential equations.
Usefulness of the blood chemistry screening associated with DXA imaging in a case of secondary osteoporosis in a young adult
Authors: Magro Valerio Massimo , Caturano Michele , Scala Giovanni
Published: June 2017

Multiple myeloma is rare in young patients and may be undiagnosed or characterized by a significant delay in diagnosis.We report the association of stage I myeloma (according to Durie-Salmon classification) and osteoporosis in a 37-year-old male patient complaining of worsening pain in the spine. Pain attacks resulted in increases in blood pressure with hypertensive episodes. The investigations (on the basis of an unclear radiological picture and the presence of hypertensive state) led to the diagnosis of low grade osteoporosis. Since the young subject was symptomatic at the diagnosis, we continued evaluations on the basis of imaging data (DXA) and laboratory tests, revealing the presence of multiple myeloma. Clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic implications of this clinical case are discussed.
El poder de la traducció per al redreçament d’una llengua identitària o adoptiva
Authors: Verdegal Joan
Published: June 2017

Resum: En combinar el concepte de llengua identitària i el de llengua personal adoptiva, i a partir de l’experiència de la societat valenciana, aquest article intenta mostrar de quina manera l’activitat traductora pot col·laborar al redreçament de qualsevol llengua europea minoritzada. S’hi presenten les polítiques lingüístiques de la Unió Europea que podrien posar-se en pràctica sense suposar greus problemes de pressupost per als Estats membres, entre les quals ocupa un lloc de privilegi la traducció. Paraules clau: traducció, redreçament, llengües identitàries, llengües adoptives, català.
Cuentos efímeros. Ejemplo verosímil y diálogo en el «Llibre de meravelles»
Authors: Aragüés Aldaz José
Published: June 2017

Resumen: El Llibre de meravelles de Ramon Llull incluye un extenso corpus de cuentos verosímiles, utilizados por los personajes para mostrar su visión del mundo o para expresar su posición en el debate. Se trata de cuentos creados ad hoc por el autor, cuya vida comienza y concluye con esa enunciación única en el interior de la novela. Y esa condición fugaz, efímera, les otorga el aspecto de meras hipótesis narrativas. Algunos de esos cuentos parecen poseer incluso una trama provisional o inestable, acentuando su carácter virtual, casi ilusorio. La escritura del Llibre de meravelles revela, en cualquier caso, un enorme esfuerzo de experimentación narrativa, visible en el diseño de los relatos, pero también en el «diálogo» que el discurrir de la novela establece entre los mismos. Y ese afán de experimentación se proyecta finalmente sobre los lectores, pues el texto se erige en una auténtica guía para la invención de nuevos cuentos. Esa dimensión metaejemplar constituye el mayor signo de la originalidad de la propuesta luliana en el panorama de la literatura ejemplar de la Edad Media.   Palabras clave: literatura catalana, literatura medieval, Ramon Llull, Llibre de meravelles, ejemplo verosímil, cuento, diálogo, experimentación narrativa.
L'apparizione della serpe ne «La faula» di Guillem de Torroella: folclore, politica e tecnica letteraria
Authors: Compagna Anna Maria
Published: June 2017

Sommario: Vissuto probabilmente fra il 1350 e il 1375, Guillem de Torroella è un nobile maiorchino coinvolto nel crollo del regno autonomo, reintegrato nella corona catalano-aragonese. Egli scrive un racconto in versi (1265, secondo l’unico manoscritto che contiene il testo per intero: 938 in lingua catalana e 327 in lingua francese). Si tratta de La faula, che narra un viaggio dell’autore sul dorso di una balena all’Isola Incantata. Qui Guillem incontra una serpe, che gli rivelerà come lì abbia trovato rifugio Artù dopo la battaglia di Salisbury. Per la serpe è possibile individuare fonti folcloriche locali (della zona di Girona) e le sue parole in francese sono un ulteriore indizio del possibile impegno politico del testo letterario. Parole chiave: letteratura catalana medievale, letteratura francese medievale, leggenda arturiana, Guillem de Torroella, animali che parlano, serpe, fonti folcloriche, significato politico.
Los enigmas de las «Faules d’Isop»
Authors: Lacarra Maria Jesús
Published: June 2017

Resumen: En este artículo se traza un panorama sobre la difusión de las fábulas esópicas en catalán, desde los perdidos Isop manuscritos hasta los impresos a partir de la documentación conservada. La tardía aparición del Isop en la imprenta (Barcelona: Joan Carles Amorós, 1550 y Barcelona: Sansón Arbús, 1576) hace pensar que hubiera una o varias ediciones anteriores. En el trabajo se estudian los testimonios góticos, su vinculación con el incunable castellano impreso en Tolosa en el taller de Juan Parix y Esteban Clebat, y su relación con los impresos castellanos posteriores a 1510, así como sus diferencias con respecto a esta tradición castellana. Palabras claves: fábulas, Esopo catalán, imprenta.
G. Crespí de Valldaura y Bosch Labrús (ed.), «Diario del Señor D. Cristóval Crespí desde el día en que fue nombrado presidente del Consejo de Aragón, 9 de junio 1652», Madrid, Boletín Oficial del Estado / Generalitat de Catalunya, 2014, XXXIII, 413 pp.
Authors: Martínez Mayor Carlos
Published: June 2017

Ressenya sobre G. Crespí de Valldaura y Bosch Labrús (ed.), Diario del Señor D. Cristóval Crespí desde el día en que fue nombrado presidente del Consejo de Aragón, 9 de junio 1652, Madrid, Boletín Oficial del Estado / Generalitat de Catalunya, 2014, XXXIII, 413 pp. ISBN 978-84-393-9142-5.
Alfons Gregori, «La dimensión política de lo irreal. El componente ideológico en la narrativa fantástica española y catalana», Poznan, Uniwersytet Im. Dama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu («Seria Filologia Romanska», 56), 2015, 489 pp.
Authors: Mira Irene
Published: June 2017

Ressenya sobre el llibre d'Alfons Gregori, La dimensión política de lo irreal. El componente ideológico en la narrativa fantástica española y catalana, Poznan, Uniwersytet Im. Dama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu («Seria Filologia Romanska», 56), 2015, 489 pp. ISBN 978-83-232-2995-7.
Salvador de Mena (Menalio), poesía y suministros militares en la Valencia de 1788
Authors: Astorgano Abajo Antonio
Published: June 2017

Salvador de Mena y Perea, (Belmonte, Cuenca, 1754 – Belmonte 1788), jurista y directivo del Banco de San Carlos (1786-1788), fue bachiller y doctor en Teología por la Universidad de Gandía (1771), aunque empezó de cero en 1773 los estudios jurídicos en Salamanca, alcanzando el bachiller y la licenciatura en Leyes. Durante la docena de años de su permanencia en Salamanca (1773-1786) fue íntimo amigo de Juan Meléndez Valdés, relacionándose con la Escuela Poética salmatina. Nuestro artículo tiene la finalidad de esbozar un retrato del personaje y su última misión: la inspección de los suministros del Ejército en Valencia (mayo-agosto de 1788)