bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Granulocyte Transfusion Therapy: Institutional Experience of Benefit in Cancer Patients with Prolonged Neutropenic Sepsis—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Shrivastava Shiv Prasad , Elhence Aditya , Jinwala Prutha , Bansal Shashank , Chitalkar Prakash , Bhatnagar Shweta , Patidar Rajesh , Asati Vikas , Reddy Pradeep Kumar
Published: November 2022

Introduction Patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy for hematological malignancy and stem cell transplantation are at increased risk of neutropenia.

Neutropenia is among the frequent side effects of intensive treatments, and when absolute neutrophil count (ANC) falls < 500/µL, the risk of microbial and fungal infection increases significantly.

As neutropenia is the main cause of these infections, transfusion of granulocyte immediately as a replacement is a life-saving therapeutic option to support these patients by restoring neutrophil counts and aiding in the resolution of infection.

Objective The present study is a retrospective single institutional analysis of granulocyte transfusion therapy in children and young adults with cancer who received treatment with GT during prolonged and profound life threatening neutropenia.

Materials and Methods This study was a retrospective analysis of 66 granulocyte transfusions in 36 patients of hematological and solid malignancy with severe and prolonged neutropenia in the department of Medical Oncology, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences Indore, between September 2019 and March 2022.

Donors were either patients' relatives or voluntary donors without comorbidities.

All granulocyte concentrates were collected by centrifugation leukapheresis and irradiated with 2500 centigray and immediately transfused in full, to the patient over 60 ot 120 minutes with appropriate premedication.

Results A total of 36 patients (M:F, 19:17) with a median age of 16 years (2–43) received 66 granulocyte transfusions. The diagnosis of patients included acute myelogenous leukemia (n = 17), B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 10), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 3), Ewing's sarcoma (n = 2), neuroblastoma (n = 1), malignant melanoma (n = 1), aplastic anemia (n = 1), osteosarcoma (n = 1). All had severe neutropenia with absolute neutrophil count < 0.5 × 109/L. The median duration of severe neutropenia was 16 days. Patients received a median cell dose of granulocytes 2.9 × 1010/L. A favorable response was seen in 28 (78%) patients, whereas an unfavorable response was seen in 8 patients (23%).

Conclusion A granulocyte therapy was effective in many critically sick patients with prolonged and profound neutropenia. Granulocyte transfusions may be more beneficial in selected patients where it provides more time to overcome refractory infections with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Granulocyte transfusion are at best a “bridge” that gives time to marrow recovery. The challenges to using GT are clinical, finding patients who may get benefitted, and logistical, selection of donors and harvest technique. Randomized trials with large numbers of patients are required to prepare guidelines for granulocyte use.
Towards a post-age picturebook pedagogy
Authors: Shi Xiaofei
Published: November 2022

This article is one of the first attempts to materialise Joanna Haynes and Karin Murris’ conceptualisation of the post-age pedagogy that focuses on loosening the boundaries of age-based expectation. The project is conducted against the backdrop of the discourse of ageism existing hand-in-hand with various age-transgressive practices. It involved multiple case studies of child and adult readers’ responses to two picturebooks, i.e.,How to Five Forever(1995) andGrandpa Green(2011). The two research questions are: how do children and adults respond toForeverandGrandpa? What is the pattern of similarities and differences in their responses? In addressing these research questions, the present study aims to facilitate the emergence of a post-age picturebook pedagogy. The findings reveal that a post-age picturebook pedagogy should acknowledge the chance of holistic learning opportunities that picturebooks can offer to both children and adults, including, for instance, aesthetic appreciation, literary understanding, emotional engagement, and material experience. Such a pedagogy involves an egalitarian view of child and adult that acknowledges some biologically determined differences subject to the factor of age and meanwhile emphasises their shared humanity and idiosyncrasies, thus undermining the binary division between simple child and sophisticated adult. The material affordances of a picturebook can be deployed to amplify the points of connection and dialogue in child and adult readers’ responses and a post-age picturebook pedagogy should strive to enrich interpretive and experiential possibilities for diverse readerships. In comparison with the existing empirical studies using picturebooks, this project positions adults as readers who can enjoy picturebooks for their own sake rather than co-readers whose responsibility is mainly to facilitate child readers’ learning and development. It stresses and seeks to maximise the potential of picturebooks for creating a beneficial and pleasant experience for all involved, both child and adult, an aspect that has long been overlooked.
Demands and technical developments of clinical flow cytometry with emphasis in quantitative, spectral, and imaging capabilities
Authors: Zhang Ting , Gao Mengge , Chen Xiao , Gao Chiyuan , Feng Shilun , Chen Deyong , Wang Junbo , Zhao Xiaosu , Chen Jian
Published: November 2022

As the gold-standard method for single-cell analysis, flow cytometry enables high-throughput and multiple-parameter characterization of individual biological cells. This review highlights the demands for clinical flow cytometry in laboratory hematology (e.g., diagnoses of minimal residual disease and various types of leukemia), summarizes state-of-the-art clinical flow cytometers (e.g., FACSLyricTM by Becton Dickinson, DxFLEX by Beckman Coulter), then considers innovative technical improvements in flow cytometry (including quantitative, spectral, and imaging approaches) to address the limitations of clinical flow cytometry in hematology diagnosis. Finally, driven by these clinical demands, future developments in clinical flow cytometry are suggested.
Tunable intrinsic spin Hall conductivity in BiTeI by applying hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhou Zimo , Hu Shunbo , Gao Heng , Wang Yin
Published: November 2022

This systematic study on the intrinsic spin Hall conductivity (SHC) of BiTeI aims to explore the role of hydrostatic pressure in controlling the topological properties and SHC. It was found that the sign of transverse spin Hall conductivity tensors σxyz, σxzy, and σzxy in BiTeI is reversed due to the topological transition under hydrostatic pressure. The change in sign originates from the variation in spin Berry curvature near A in the Brillouin zone, which is caused by Te-p and I-p orbital hybridization induced by the interplay coupling under hydrostatic pressure in BiTeI. Thus, SHC could be effectively tuned by changing the hydrostatic pressure. These results not only allow us to establish a fundamental understanding of SHC in BiTeI depending on the pressure but also provide guidelines for applying BiTeI in next-generation spintronic devices.
Development of compact entangled photon-pair sources for satellites
Authors: Anwar Ali , Perumangatt Chithrabhanu , Villar Aitor , Lohrmann Alexander , Ling Alexander
Published: November 2022

Satellites are expected to play a significant role in the future of global quantum networks. Small satellites such as those following CubeSat standards may enable space-based quantum networks. CubeSat type satellites require less resources to develop and deploy and can be used to rapidly qualify technologies in orbit. The constraints of small satellites drive the development of compact quantum light sources, which will be useful even if the final satellite volume is large due to transmitter aperture requirements. In this article, we discuss the state-of-the-art in compact entangled photon-pair sources and suggest challenges that must be met by new source designs.
Spectroscopic investigations of solvent assisted Li-ion transport decoupled from polymer in a gel polymer electrolyte
Authors: George Sweta Mariam , Deb Debalina , Zhu Haijin , Sampath S. , Bhattacharyya Aninda J.
Published: November 2022

We present here a gel polymer electrolyte, where the Li+-ion transport is completely decoupled from the polymer host solvation and dynamics. A free-standing gel polymer electrolyte with a high volume content (nearly 60%) of xM LiTFSI in G4 (tetraglyme) (x = 1–7; Li+:G4 = 0.2–1.5) liquid electrolyte confined inside the PAN (polyacrylonitrile)-PEGMEMA [poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate oligomer] based polymer matrix is synthesized using a one-pot free radical polymerization process. For LiTFSI concentrations, x = 1–7 (Li+:G4 = 0.2–1.5), Raman and vibrational spectroscopies reveal that like in the liquid electrolyte, the designed gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) also show direct coordination of Li+-ions with the tetraglyme leading to the formation of [Li(G4)]+. Coupled with the spectroscopic studies, impedance and nuclear magnetic resonance investigations also show that the ion transport is independent of the polymer segmental motion and is governed by the solvated species {[Li(G4)]+}, very similar to the scenario in ionic liquids. As a result, the magnitude of ionic conductivity and activation energies of the gel polymer electrolyte are very similar to that of the liquid electrolyte. The Li+-ion transport number for the GPE varied from 0.44 (x = 1) to 0.5 (x = 7) with the maximum being 0.52 at x = 5.
Absorption of transverse spin current in ferromagnetic NiCu: Dominance of bulk dephasing over spin-flip scattering
Authors: Lim Youngmin , Wu Shuang , Smith David A. , Klewe Christoph , Shafer Padraic , Emori Satoru
Published: November 2022

In ferromagnetic metals, transverse spin currents are thought to be absorbed via dephasing—i.e., destructive interference of spins precessing about the strong exchange field. Yet, due to the ultrashort coherence length of ≈1 nm in typical ferromagnetic thin films, it is difficult to distinguish dephasing in the bulk from spin-flip scattering at the interface. Here, to assess which mechanism dominates, we examine transverse spin-current absorption in ferromagnetic NiCu alloy films with reduced exchange fields. We observe that the coherence length increases with decreasing Curie temperature, as weaker dephasing in the film bulk slows down spin absorption. Moreover, nonmagnetic Cu impurities do not diminish the efficiency of spin-transfer torque from the absorbed spin current. Our findings affirm that the transverse spin current is predominantly absorbed by dephasing inside the nanometer-thick ferromagnetic metals, even with high impurity contents.
Magneto-ionic enhancement and control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Kossak Alexander E. , Wolf Daniel , Beach Geoffrey S. D.
Published: November 2022

Magneto-ionic control of magnetic anisotropy is an emerging voltage-controlled approach that aims to offer much lower power consumption than current-controlled manipulation of magnetization. Moreover, magneto-ionic systems are ideal candidates for non von Neumann computing architectures, such as neuromorphic and stochastic computing due to their non-volatile and analog nature. One of the key metrics to quantify the efficiency of voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) is the magneto-electric voltage coefficient (ΔHc/|ΔV|). Here, we show greater than one order of magnitude improvement in this efficiency compared to existing solid-state systems using a Co/Pd multilayer heterostructure. By performing a systematic study of the Co thickness, the Pd thickness, and the number of repeat units of engineered Co/Pd multilayers, we identify a narrow bandwidth of the Co thickness from 2–2.5 Å, Pd thickness from 1.4–1.7 nm, and repeat units from 7–9, to maximize the VCMA. Compared to rivaled liquid electrolyte systems, this platform has the advantage of faster speeds and easier integration for on-chip logic and memory devices.
Interfacial microstructure of neutral and charged polymer brushes: A density functional theory study
Authors: Qing Leying , Jiang Jian
Published: November 2022

Polymer density functional theory (PDFT) is a computationally efficient and robust statistical mechanics theory for capturing the interfacial microstructure of grafted polymer brushes (PBs). Undoubtedly, the intramolecular and intermolecular interactions in PDFT (e.g., hard-core interactions and direct Coulomb interactions) are greatly affected by the grafting behavior of PBs. However, the combination of these interactions with the physical constraints on grafting behavior remains unclear and there is a remarkable difference in the density profile of grafted PB between PDFT and simulation. Herein, we propose a PDFT to study neutral and charged grafted PBs by incorporating the physical constraints of end-grafted PBs into the excess free energies due to intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. This PDFT has been successfully validated where the density distributions of neutral and weakly charged PBs predicted by the PDFT are in excellent agreement with the results of the Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. In addition, the significant contribution of grafting behavior to the free energy of PB systems is presented. Consequently, this work provides a powerful and accurate theoretical method to reveal the interfacial microstructure of grafted PBs.
Phase lines in mean-field models with nonuniform external forces
Authors: Kroll Roni , Tsori Yoav
Published: November 2022

We look at the influence of external fields on systems described by generic free energy functional of the order parameter. The external force may have arbitrary spatial dependence, and the order parameter coupling may be nonlinear. The treatment generalizes seemingly disparate works, such as pure fluids, liquid and polymer mixtures, lipid monolayers, and colloidal suspensions in electric fields, fluids, and nematics in gravity, solutions in an ultracentrifuge, and liquid mixtures in laser radiation. The phase lines and thermodynamic behavior are calculated at the mean-field level. We find a “surface” critical point that can be shifted to higher or lower temperatures than the bulk critical point. Below this point, the transition from a “gas” phase to a “liquid” phase is first-order, while above it, the transition is second-order. The second-order line is affected by the spatial dependence of the force, while the first-order line is universal. Moreover, the susceptibility may diverge at a finite location r. Several analytical expressions are given in the limit where a Landau expansion of the free energy is valid.
III-nitride vertical hot electron transistor with polarization doping and collimated injection
Authors: Daulton J. W. , Molnar R. J. , Brinkerhoff J. A. , Hollis M. A. , Zaslavsky A.
Published: November 2022

III-nitride-based hot electron transistors (HETs) offer a significant promise as high-speed, high-power devices, but their performance has been limited to below that of competing technologies. Here, we report on a HET with current density > 440 kA/cm2 and common-emitter current gain >20. Polarization engineering of the emitter stack was used to allow for high-current collimated electron injection from the emitter with relatively low turn-on voltage. The use of only polarization charge in the undoped 10 nm-thick base allowed for high gain through minimization of scattering with atomic layer etching contact fabrication used to lower base access resistance.
There are many ways for research to be influential, not just citations
Authors: Calver Mike
Published: November 2022

Research may be influential without stimulating researchers to cite it in a manuscript.
Impaired glutamylation of RPGR
ORF15
underlies the cone-dominated phenotype associated with truncating distal ORF15 variants
Authors: Cehajic-Kapetanovic Jasmina , Martinez-Fernandez de la Camara Cristina , Birtel Johannes , Rehman Salwah , McClements Michelle E. , Charbel Issa Peter , Lotery Andrew J , MacLaren Robert E.
Published: November 2022

Pathogenic variants in the
Retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR)
gene lead to a clinically severe form of X-linked retinal dystrophy. However, it remains unclear why some variants cause a predominant rod, while others result in a cone-dominated phenotype. Post-translational glutamylation of the photoreceptor-specific RPGR
ORF15
isoform by the TTLL5 enzyme is essential for its optimal function in photoreceptors, and loss of TTLL5 leads to retinal dystrophy with a cone phenotype. Here we show that RPGR retinal disease, studied in a single cohort of 116 male patients, leads to a clear progressive shift from rod- to cone-dominating phenotype as the RPGR
ORF15
variant location approaches the distal part of the Open Reading Frame 15 (ORF15) region. The rod photoreceptor involvement on the contrary diminishes along the RGPR sequence, and the variants associated with the cone only phenotype are located predominantly in the very distal part, including the C-terminal basic domain. Moreover, these distal truncating RPGR
ORF15
variants disrupt the interaction with TTLL5 and lead to a significant impairment of RPGR glutamylation. Thus, consistent with the phenotype of TTLL5 pathogenic variants, our study shows that RPGR
ORF15
variants, which disrupt its basic domain and the interaction with TTLL5, also impair RPGR glutamylation and lead to the cone phenotype. This has implications for ongoing gene therapy clinical trials where the application of RPGR with impaired glutamylation may be less effective in treating RGPR dystrophies and may even convert a rod–cone dystrophy into a cone dystrophy phenotype.
The N-Myc-responsive lncRNA MILIP promotes DNA double-strand break repair through non-homologous end joining
Authors: Wang Pei Lin , Teng Liu , Feng Yu Chen , Yue Yi Meng , Han Man Man , Yan Qianqian , Ye Kaihong , Tang Cai Xia , Zhang Sheng Nan , Fei Qi Teng , Zhao Xiao Hong , La Ting , Zhang Yuan Yuan , Li Jin Ming , Hu Bin , Xu Dengfei , Cang Shundong , Wang Li , Jin Lei , Thorne Rick F. , Zhang Yuwei , Liu Tao , Zhang Xu Dong
Published: November 2022

The protooncoprotein N-Myc, which is overexpressed in approximately 25% of neuroblastomas as the consequence of
MYCN
gene amplification, has long been postulated to regulate DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in neuroblastoma cells, but experimental evidence of this function is presently scant. Here, we show that N-Myc transcriptionally activates the long noncoding RNA MILIP to promote nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair through facilitating Ku70–Ku80 heterodimerization in neuroblastoma cells. High MILIP expression was associated with poor outcome and appeared as an independent prognostic factor in neuroblastoma patients. Knockdown of MILIP reduced neuroblastoma cell viability through the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation, retarded neuroblastoma xenograft growth, and sensitized neuroblastoma cells to DNA-damaging therapeutics. The effect of MILIP knockdown was associated with the accumulation of DNA DSBs in neuroblastoma cells largely due to decreased activity of the NHEJ DNA repair pathway. Mechanistical investigations revealed that binding of MILIP to Ku70 and Ku80 increased their heterodimerization, and this was required for MILIP-mediated promotion of NHEJ DNA repair. Disrupting the interaction between MILIP and Ku70 or Ku80 increased DNA DSBs and reduced cell viability with therapeutic potential revealed where targeting MILIP using Gapmers cooperated with the DNA-damaging drug cisplatin to inhibit neuroblastoma growth in vivo. Collectively, our findings identify MILIP as an N-Myc downstream effector critical for activation of the NHEJ DNA repair pathway in neuroblastoma cells, with practical implications of MILIP targeting, alone and in combination with DNA-damaging therapeutics, for neuroblastoma treatment.
Critical junctures beyond the black box
Authors: Ewing Blake , Krawatzek Félix
Published: November 2022

Studies of institutional change identify critical junctures from the position of hindsight. But this perspective
prioritises antecedent factors that downplay the role of agency around moments of potential change. This article looks at changes
in the ways in which agents use temporal language to identify events or periods as moments of (possible) juncture. It combines
quantitative and qualitative methods of text analysis, drawing on a corpus of British parliamentary speeches from 1811–2019. The
article first analyses changes in the strategic use of the term crisis over time, paying particular attention to significant
shifts in its politicisation and temporalisation. It then identifies three distinct components to the contestation of crises: over
their identification, evaluation and proposed prescriptions. We suggest that studies of critical juncture ought to focus more on
the use of temporal language around possible junctures to better understand the political dynamics at moments of heightened
uncertainty.
Innovation and change in the event industry
Authors: Marie-Solène Lequeu , Reubeuze Théo , Ward-Perkins David
Published: November 2022

In this case study, two students of events and tourism, coming to the end of their studies, during which they have learnt about the importance of innovation and the impact of digital technologies in the events industry, ask themselves how these issues are perceived in the real, day-to-day world of event management. They contact four recognised experts in the French event industry to question them about current trends and about the driving factors of change.

Information

Based on research and interviews conducted with French event professionals as part of a student project through Skema Business School.

© CAB International 2022
Magnetocaloric effect in multilayers studied by membrane-based calorimetry
Authors: Kulyk M , Persson M , Polishchuk D , Korenivski V
Published: November 2022

We study magnetic multilayers, incorporating dilute ferromagnetic spacers between strongly-ferromagnetic layers exhibiting a proximity-enhanced magnetocaloric effect (MCE). Using magnetometry and direct measurements of the adiabatic temperature change based on a nanomembrane-calorimetry, we find that the MCE in the studied multilayer is indeed enhanced compared to that in the bulk spacer material. We develop a phenomenological numerical model of the studied trilayer and find that a long-range exchange interaction through the weakly-ferromagnetic spacer is required to adequately describe the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the system.
Quantitative detection of multi-frequency disturbance signal by ϕ-OTDR system
Authors: Wang Ya-Jun , Liu Bin , Liu Juan , Yuan Jinhui , Fu Yanjun , He Xing-Dao , Wu Qiang
Published: November 2022

Recently, the combination of pattern recognition technology and distributed fiber sensing systems has become increasingly common, so whether the disturbance signal can be well recovered has become increasingly important. To verify the recovery and linear response of a distributed fiber optic sensing system to multi-frequency disturbance signals, a heterodyne coherent detection system for phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry is developed. The output beat signal is extracted using the digital in-phase/quadrature demodulation algorithm. The signal can be precisely located on a 7 km length range, and the disturbance signal can be restored well through the phase information. Not only the superposition signal composed of the same signal but also that composed of different kinds of signals can be successfully restored. A fast Fourier transform algorithm is used to obtain the frequency information of the superimposed signal. Combined with the use of a finite impulse response filter, the superposed signal is decomposed according to its frequency components, which perfectly restores the two signals before they are superimposed. In addition, their amplitude is highly linear with the driving voltage of the piezoelectric transducer. The system can fully retain the details of each frequency component in the recovery of multi-frequency disturbance signals. More importantly, in field experiments, the disturbance behavior is well recovered, which has broad prospects in the application of perimeter security.
Axial strain monitoring method of cast-in-place piles based on ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Luo Zhihui , Lin Zekun , Ding Shuai , Xu Bing
Published: November 2022

The axial strain distribution of cast-in-place piles under the static load test is a reliable basis for analyzing the compressive bearing capacity of the pile foundation. However, it is still difficult to achieve high-precision, high-sensitivity, real-time, and distributed monitoring of the pile foundation at the same time. To improve the monitoring of the stress distributions of the pile foundation, a fixed-point ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (UWFBG) strain-sensing optical cable is designed on the basis of the large capacity characteristic of UWFBG. The strain sensitivity of this optical cable is 1.15 pm μϵ
−1 within the range of 10 000 μϵ, which meets the accuracy requirements of pile health monitoring. The effectiveness of the designed UWFBG in pile foundation monitoring is verified through a static load test of the cast-in-place pile. The results show that the measured results of UWFBG and BOTDA (Brillouin optical time-domain analysis) have good consistency, and their average error is less than 7.5%. Compared with BOTDA, the UWFBG sensing system exhibits stronger anti-interference capability and faster response. The monitoring method proposed in this paper overcomes the shortcomings of previous monitoring methods in the static load test of the pile. The measured data can be used to calculate the detailed axial strain distribution of piles and analyze the distribution of axial force and side friction resistance of the pile. It not only provides a new monitoring method for static load test of cast-in-place piles, but also has great potential in monitoring large diameter pile.
Superharmonic instability for regularized long-wave models*
Authors: Bronski Jared C , Hur Vera Mikyoung , Lee Wester Samuel
Published: November 2022

We examine the spectral stability and instability of periodic traveling waves for regularized long-wave models. Examples include the regularized Boussinesq, Benney–Luke, and Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equations. Of particular interest is a striking new instability phenomenon—spectrum off the imaginary axis extending into infinity. The spectrum of the linearized operator of the generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation, for instance, lies along the imaginary axis outside a bounded set. The spectrum for a regularized long-wave model, by contrast, can vary markedly with the parameters of the periodic traveling waves. We perform rigorous spectral asymptotics for short wavelength perturbations to establish conditions under which the spectrum tends to infinity along the imaginary axis or some curve whose real part is nonzero. We conduct numerical experiments which corroborate our analytical findings.
Conditions for bound states of the pseudopotential with harmonic confinement in arbitrary dimensions
Authors: McKinney Lanie G , McKinney B A
Published: November 2022

We determine the conditions for bound states (E < 0) for arbitrary Cartesian dimension d using a shape-independent regularized pseudopotential with scattering length a for two cold particles in a harmonic trap. It is known for d ≤ 3 that the regularized pseudopotential supports one bound state for positive scattering length but does not support bound states for negative scattering length. We find that the usual (d ≤ 3) positive scattering length bound states rule holds for certain higher odd dimensions d = 4n + 3 (n = 0, 1, …), but the existence of pseudopotential bound states at other odd dimensions requires a negative scattering length. Specifically, bound states are allowed in higher dimensions d = 4n + 1 (n = 1, 2, …) but they require a negative scattering length, which suggests a universe in these dimensions might lead to different chemistry than d = 3. We derive analytical approximations for bound state (E < 0) and scattering (E > 0) energies for a harmonic trap perturbed by the pseudopotential in arbitrary dimensions.
Important edge identification in complex networks based on local and global features
Authors: Song Jia-Hui
Published: November 2022

Identifying important nodes and edges in complex networks has always been a popular research topic in network science and also has important implications for the protection of real-world complex systems. Finding the critical structures in a system allows us to protect the system from attacks or failures with minimal cost. To date, the problem of identifying critical nodes in networks has been widely studied by many scholars, and the theory is becoming increasingly mature. However, there is relatively little research related to edges. In fact, critical edges play an important role in maintaining the basic functions of the network and keeping the integrity of the structure. Sometimes protecting critical edges is less costly and more flexible in operation than just focusing on nodes. Considering the integrity of the network topology and the propagation dynamics on it, this paper proposes a centrality measure based on the number of high-order structural overlaps in the first and second-order neighborhoods of edges. The effectiveness of the metric is verified by the infection–susceptibility (SI) model, the robustness index R, and the number of connected branches θ. A comparison is made with three currently popular edge importance metrics from two synthetic and four real networks. The simulation results show that the method outperforms existing methods in identifying critical edges that have a significant impact on both network connectivity and propagation dynamics. At the same time, the near-linear time complexity can be applied to large-scale networks.
Asymmetry parameters in single ionization of He, Ne by XUV pulses
Authors: Lei Jian-Ting , Yu Xuan , Shi Guo-Qiang , Tao Chen-Yu , Sun Shao-Hua , Yan Shun-Cheng , Ma Xin-Wen , Ding Jing-Jie , Zhang Shao-Feng
Published: November 2022

Fully differential cross-sections of single ionization of He and Ne atoms are studied by linearly polarized extreme ultraviolet (XUV) photons in the energy range of 22.1 eV–43.7 eV, using a reaction microscope. Photoelectron angular distributions and the β asymmetry parameters for He 1s2 electrons prove the reliability of our experiment, and the β asymmetry parameters extracted from the angular distributions of Ne 2p6 electrons are obtained. By comparing with different theoretical calculations, it is found that the contribution of the electron correlation effect in Ne 2p6 single ionization becomes increasingly important as the incident photon energy increases, while the relativistic effect is relatively low in the whole incident energy range. Our experimental β asymmetry parameters may serve as a significant reference to test the most elaborated theories in the field. The datasets presented in this paper, including the photoelectron angular distributions and β asymmetry parameters, are openly available at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00073.
Probabilistic risk assessment model for released tritium into the environment for CFETR
Authors: Liang Qingzhu , Xu Xinyan , Peng Changhong
Published: November 2022

The China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is the next facility in the Chinese roadmap to realize sustainable-clean fusion energy. Because of the large tritium inventory of the CFETR, safety analyses are necessary. During the current design phase of the CFETR, performing the risk analysis of tritium released into the environment could reveal the design weaknesses and indicate improvements aimed at trtium risk (TR) reduction but also form a part of the licensing process for future CFETR construction and operation. Several CFETR safety analyses using deterministic approaches have been conducted, but relatively few studies based on probabilistic approaches are currently available. In this paper, a probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) model for tritium release into the environment for CFETR was proposed, in which the frequency and the radioactivity of the released tritium in accident sequences are considered. The event tree/fault tree (ET/FT) method was applied to investigate primary factors contributing to the tritium release into the environment and to estimate the frequency of accident sequences. We presented a model for preliminary and rapid assessment of the radioactivity of released tritium in accident sequences and developed a calculation code. The application process and validity of the model were demonstrated through the assessment of TR of the CFETR for selected postulated initiating events.
Optimization of irradiation configuration using spherical t-designs for laser-direct-drive inertial confinement fusion
Authors: Shvydky A. , Trickey W. , Maximov A.V. , Igumenshchev I.V. , McKenty P.W. , Goncharov V.N.
Published: November 2022

A new class of beam configurations is proposed for symmetric-direct-drive inertial confinement fusion laser systems. These configurations are based on spherical t-designs that are studied in spherical design theory in mathematics (Delsarte et al 1977 Geom. Dedicata
6 363). Employing t-design configurations offers elimination of spherical-harmonic intensity modulations for modes

ℓ
⩽
t

. Additionally, these configurations provide fast decay of intensity nonuniformities with increasing number of beams and symmetric intensity patterns on the surface of the target. Methods developed in spherical design theory offer a convenient, systematic way of obtaining beam configurations for an arbitrary number of beams.
Rational surfaces, flows and radial structure in the TJ-II stellarator
Authors: van Milligen B.Ph. , Voldiner I. , Carreras B.A. , García L. , Ochando M.A.
Published: November 2022

In this work, we report on the results obtained by measuring several turbulent quantities well inside the plasma edge by means of a Langmuir probe during dynamical rotational transform scans in the TJ-II stellarator, while applying a radial electric field to the edge plasma using a biasing probe. By calculating the intermittence parameter from floating potential measurements, we are able to identify a major low order rational surface and hence relate the probe measurements to the local value of the rotational transform. Based on the former, we are able to show that the poloidal plasma velocity (and hence radial electric field) has a significant radial structure that is clearly related to the rotational transform profile and in particular the lowest order rational surfaces in the range studied. The poloidal velocity is also affected by the edge biasing. The particle flux Γ was also found to exhibit a radial pattern, as did the flow shear suppression term

ω

E
×
B

, but the relation of the former to the low-order rational surfaces was less clear. We surmise that this lack of direct correspondence is due to an unknown term in the turbulence evolution equation: the instability growth rate, γ. We make use of a reduced Magnetohydrodynamic turbulence model to interpret the results. Overall, a picture is obtained in which the plasma self-organizes towards a state with a clear radial pattern of the radial electric field, in line with expectations from some numerical studies describing the spontaneous formation of an ‘E × B staircase’, consisting of alternating layers with fast and slow radial transport. In this state, the radial profiles of various quantities (density, temperature, pressure) will not be smooth.
Performance studies of Micromegas electronics in a high radiation environment at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++)
Authors: Kolitsi Foteini , Alexopoulos Theodoros , Bita Daniel , Iakovidis George , Kitsaki Chara , Kyriakis-Bitzaros Efstathios , Mesolongitis Ioannis , Zachariadou Katerina
Published: November 2022

The ATLAS experiment at CERN undergoes a series of upgrades, in line with the upgrades (Phase-I and Phase-II) of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), to cope with the steadily increasing instantaneous luminosity that ultimately is expected to reach 7.5×1034cm−2 s−1 at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era. The most challenging upgrade project of the ATLAS experiment concerns its Muon Spectrometer’s inner wheel-shaped detection stations (Small Wheels) located close to and on either side of the pp beams’ interaction point. Another type of detection system (New Small Wheels) replaced the two Small Wheels so that the ATLAS maintains its performance while preserving the acceptance of critical physics signatures under the harsh conditions of higher data and radiation rates (up to 25kHz/cm2 at the HL-LHC accelerator). The NSWs are a complex detection system (each wheel comprises 2.4x106 readout channels)that employ two novel micro-pattern gaseous detector technologies, the Micromesh Gaseous Structure (Micromegas, MM) and the small strip Thin Gap Chambers (sTGCs), mainly to improve the trigger performance and to provide precise spatial measurements. New electronic boards residing on the detectors were designed and manufactured, hosting high radiation and magnetic field tolerant custom-made ASICs.This paper presents extensive tests carried out at the new CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++) by combining a muon beam (of 12kHz) with a 137Cesium radiation source of adjustable rate (up to ten times the expected rate at the HL-LHC conditions), to assess the performance of the Micromegas chambers and their readout electronics. Data from NSW Micromegas modules of different detection areas, having different positions on the wheels, operating with different high voltage and filling gas have been read out and analyzed by placing the electronics on PCBs located at various distances from the pp beam pipe. The spatial resolution of the precision coordinate is found to be well below the required 100μm, and the excellent alignment of the precision layers has been verified. Results confirm that all types of Micromegas modules tested have a linear response up to a rate around four times the expected at HL-LHC.
Reply to Comment on ‘Egypt’s water budget deficit and suggested mitigation policies for the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam filling scenarios’ by Kevin Wheeler et al’
Authors: Heggy Essam , Sharkawy Zane , Abotalib Abotalib Z
Published: November 2022

We thank Wheeler et al for positively confirming our results’ reproducibility; however, we show herein that their critique misrepresents the aim, approach, and interpretations reported in Heggy et al (2021 Environ. Res. Lett.
16 074022), which remain valid. The reply herein demonstrates that Wheeler et al incorrectly interpreted Heggy et al’s (2021 Environ. Res. Lett.
16 074022) estimates of the median unmitigated total water budget deficit for Egypt of 31 BCM yr−1 to be entirely caused by GERD. The comment overlooks the fact that this estimated value is the sum of Egypt’s existing intrinsic deficit (18.5 BCM yr−1), the initial reservoir seepage (2.5 BCM yr−1), and the median dam impoundment (9.5 BCM yr−1) under different GERD filling scenarios ranging from 2.5 to 29.6 years as shown in figure 2 and section 3.1 in Heggy et al (2021 Environ. Res. Lett.
16 074022). Consequently, our evaluation of the deficit was mistakenly deemed exaggerated as well as the socioeconomic impacts that rely on its estimate. These misinterpretations led to inappropriate comparisons between the results of the unmitigated total water budget deficit under the shortest filling scenario in Heggy et al (2021 Environ. Res. Lett.
16 074022) with longer ones from other studies that focus exclusively on GERD impoundment and assess the economic impacts of water shortage after applying several suggested mitigations that are not yet formally agreed upon, implemented, or budgeted. Instead, Heggy et al (2021 Environ. Res. Lett.
16 074022) provided a holistic evaluation of the current status of the total water budget deficit in Egypt (including intrinsic and GERD components) and its equivalent economic representation to support decision-makers in better implementing the fourth statement of the declaration of principles between the Nile’s riparian countries. The suggestion that the results of the unmitigated scenarios in Heggy et al (2021 Environ. Res. Lett.
16 074022) should match those of the mitigated ones cited in Wheeler et al is erroneous from both hydrological and policy perspectives.
Two deep learning-based bias-correction pathways improve summer precipitation prediction over China
Authors: Ling Fenghua , Li Yue , Luo Jing-Jia , Zhong Xiaohui , Wang Zhibin
Published: November 2022

As most global climate models (GCM) suffer from large biases in simulating/predicting summer precipitation over China, it is of great importance to develop suitable bias-correction methods. This study proposes two pathways of bias-correction with deep learning (DL) models incorporated. One is the deterministic pathway (DP), in which the bias correction is directly applied to the precipitation forecasts. The other one, namely the probability pathway (PP), corrects the forecasted precipitation anomalies using a conditional probability method before being added to the observational climatology. These two pathways have been applied to correct the precipitation forecasts based on a GCM prediction system Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Climate Forecast System version 1.0 (NUIST-CFS1.0). The applications of DL models in the both pathways yield higher resolution of corrected predictions than the uncorrected ones. Both pathways improve summer precipitation predictions at 4-month lead. Moreover, the DP correction shows a better performance in predicting extreme precipitation, while the PP is proficient in correcting the spatial pattern of precipitation anomalies over China. The present results highlight the importance of the application of appropriate correction strategy for different prediction purposes.
Uncertainty constraints on economic impact assessments of climate change simulated by an impact emulator
Authors: Shiogama Hideo , Takakura Jun’ya , Takahashi Kiyoshi
Published: November 2022

Since many new generation Earth system models (ESMs) have been suggested to overestimate future global warming, the latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change used the constrained range of global warming instead of that in the raw ensemble. However, it is not clear how the constraints of climate change projections potentially reduce the uncertainty of impact assessments. Here, we show that the climate-related uncertainty of the economic impact of climate change in the world can be constrained. By applying an impact emulator, we estimate the economic impacts in nine sectors based on 67 ESMs’ future climate change projections and find that the impacts in eight sectors are closely related to the recent past trend of global mean temperature, which is the metric used for the constraint of global warming projections. Observational constraints lower the upper bound of the aggregate economic impact simulated by the single emulator from 2.9% to 2.5% of the world gross domestic product (the relative reduction of variance is 31%) under the medium greenhouse gas concentration scenarios. Our results demonstrate how advances in climate science can contribute to reducing climate-related uncertainties in impact assessments, while we do not examine uncertainties of emulators and impact models.
Quantum spin dynamics of quasi-one-dimensional Heisenberg-Ising magnets in a transverse field: confined spinons, E
8 spectrum, and quantum phase transitions
Authors: Amelin Kirill , Viirok Johan , Nagel Urmas , Rõõm Toomas , Engelmayer Johannes , Dey Tusharkanti , Agung Nugroho Agustinus , Lorenz Thomas , Wang Zhe
Published: November 2022

We report on high-resolution terahertz spectroscopic studies of quantum spin dynamics in the quasi-one-dimensional Ising-like ferromagnet CoNb2O6 and antiferromagnet BaCo2V2O8 as a function of an applied transverse magnetic field. In the ordered phases stabilized by inter-chain couplings, we reveal characteristics for confined spinon excitations, E
8 dynamical spectrum, and field-induced quantum phase transitions. The connections between these characteristic dynamical features are found in the field-dependent evolution of the excitation spectra.
Strong dispersion property for the quantum walk on the hypercube
Authors: Kokainis M , Prūsis K , Vihrovs J , Kashcheyevs V , Ambainis A
Published: November 2022

We show that the discrete time quantum walk on the Boolean hypercube of dimension n has a strong dispersion property: if the walk is started in one vertex, then the probability of the walker being at any particular vertex after O(n) steps is of an order

O
(

1.4818

−
n

)

. This improves over the known mixing results for this quantum walk which show that the probability distribution after O(n) steps is close to uniform but do not show that the probability is small for every vertex. Our result shows that quantum walk on hypercube is interesting for algorithmic applications which require fast dispersion over the state space.
An exact, time-dependent analytical solution for the magnetic field in the inner heliosheath
Authors: Röken Christian , Kleimann Jens , Fichtner Horst
Published: November 2022

We derive an exact, time-dependent analytical magnetic field solution for the inner heliosheath, which satisfies both the induction equation of ideal magnetohydrodynamics in the limit of infinite electric conductivity and the magnetic divergence constraint. To this end, we assume that the magnetic field is frozen into a plasma flow resembling the characteristic interaction of the solar wind with the local interstellar medium. Furthermore, we make use of the ideal Ohm’s law for the magnetic vector potential and the electric scalar potential. By employing a suitable gauge condition that relates the potentials and working with a characteristic coordinate representation, we thus obtain an inhomogeneous first-order system of ordinary differential equations for the magnetic vector potential. Then, using the general solution of this system, we compute the magnetic field via the magnetic curl relation. Finally, we analyze the well-posedness of the corresponding Dirichlet-type initial-boundary value problem, specify compatibility conditions for the initial-boundary values, and outline the implementation of initial-boundary conditions.
Theoretical study on fabrication of sub-wavelength structures via combining low-order guided mode interference lithography with sample rotation
Authors: Ren Yaqian , Wang Xiangxian , Di Xiujuan , Jia Tianxu , Chen Tianshan , Zhang Liping , Yang Hua , Qi Yunping , Tang Chaojun
Published: November 2022

Guided mode interference lithography based on a symmetric metal-cladding dielectric waveguide structure (a resist between two metal layers), is studied. The low-order guided modes in the waveguide structure excited by 325 nm laser, and then sub-wavelength gratings with half-periods of 47 nm (

λ

/6.91) and 60 nm (

λ

/5.42) can be obtained by excited TM0 and TE0 guided modes, respectively. Among them, the period of the sub-wavelength grating fabricated by TM0 guided mode interference is smaller, but it is limited by the thickness of resist. TE0 guided mode interference is more suitable for thick resist. On this basis, taking TM0 guided mode as an example, periodic sub-wavelength structures, such as square lattice and quasi-hexagonally close-packed structure, can be obtained by rotating and exposing the sample in different ways. The proposed method of combining guided mode interference lithography with sample rotation has simple operation and low cost, and provides a theoretical reference for fabricating two-dimensional sub-wavelength structures.