bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
prevención del consumo de drogas en adolescentes de Guayaquil, a partir de la educomunicación.
Authors: López Cedeño Karla Carolina , Buenaño Cañetaco Gaudy Esthela , Hernández Fabara Lissette Alexandra
Published: February 2022

El objetivo general del presente artículo es prevenir el consumo de drogas en adolescentes de la cooperativa Assad Bucaram de la parroquia Pascuales a través de material audiovisual educomunicacional. El artículo comprende un trabajo creativo y sistemático realizado para aumentar el bagaje de conocimiento, de la cultura y la sociedad. El artículo tiene un enfoque mixto: cualitativo y cuantitativo. Además, se empleó un estudio descriptivo y correlacional, a fin de vincular la educomunicación y la producción audiovisual, como estrategia para la prevención de la ingesta de sustancias sujetas a fiscalización. Tras aplicar las técnicas de recolección de datos como la entrevista y las encuestas, se evidenció que el 38% de la muestra considera importante implementar estrategias que coadyuven en la prevención, formación educativa y concientización a través de los diversos medios de comunicación sobre el consumo de sustancias tóxicas. Entre las conclusiones a las que se llegó se destaca que la falta de comunicación entre padres e hijos, la normalización de la percepción del uso de drogas entre adolescentes, así como la falta de planes interinstitucionales para abordar el tema mediante programas efectivos y medidos de prevención, crea un clima de riesgo que favorece la utilización de psicotrópicos. Finalmente, las estrategias educomunicacionales encaminadas a enfrentar esta problemática pueden ser una alternativa factible para evitar el uso de estupefacientes.
Evaluación del nivel de satisfacción de los visitantes de la Feria Internacional del Libro 2018
Authors: Vélez del Hierro César Andrés
Published: February 2022

La Feria Internacional del Libro es un evento cultural el cual presenta autores nacionales e internacionales, además de exponer una amplia oferta literaria para los asistentes. En el año 2018 este evento tuvo lugar en el Centro de Convenciones de la ciudad de Guayaquil, siendo su cuarta edición, se estima que al evento asistieron aproximadamente 25.000 visitantes. En este contexto, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo medir el nivel de satisfacción de los asistentes al evento y aportar con información relevante a las partes involucradas para el mejoramiento de futuras ediciones. La investigación se efectuó en el Centro de Convenciones de Guayaquil del 5 al 9 de septiembre del 2018 mediante la aplicación de cuestionarios a 413 visitantes. Entre las principales motivaciones destacan conseguir novedades y/o libros nuevos, buenos precios, asistir a un conversatorio o lanzamiento de un libro, acompañar a la familia y/o amigo. Respecto a la satisfacción se obtuvo que es alta en relación a variables como ubicación, servicio de registro, duración del evento e higiene del salón.
Communicating Treatment-Related Symptoms Using Passively Collected Data and Satisfaction/Loyalty Ratings: Exploratory Study
Authors: Kudel Ian , Perry Toni
Published: February 2022

Background

Electronic patient-reported outcomes’ real time communication of treatment-related symptoms is increasingly associated with better outcomes including longer survival and less health care resource use, but the primary method of collecting this information, static questionnaires, has not evolved.

Objective

The aim of this paper is to describe the use of Noona’s three methods of communicating treatment-related symptoms, which are as follows: (1) Noona symptom questionnaires (NSQ), which incorporate branching logic; (2) a diary; and (3) secure messaging, the last two of which have NSQ reporting functionality. It also aims to explore, using multivariable analyses, whether patients find value using these features.

Methods

Noona users (N=1081) who have an active account for more than 30 days, who responded to the satisfaction/loyalty item, and who were undergoing active cancer treatment (systemic or radiotherapy) in the United States were included in this study. All study data were collected via software embedded within Noona code. This includes metadata, patient activities (measured in clicks), and responses to a satisfaction/loyalty question (“How likely are you to recommend Noona to another patient”) displayed on the Noona home page.

Results

Noona users expressed a high degree of satisfaction/loyalty when asked to rate how likely they would recommend Noona to another patient. Multivariable analyses indicate small but significant effects for some of the analyses. Use of NSQs were significantly related to satisfaction/loyalty, users of NSQs had significantly higher satisfaction/loyalty than those who did not use any, and secure communication use was significantly higher for those who rated the app highly compared to those who did not. These relationships will likely be further explicated with the use of satisfaction/loyalty questions that focus specifically on feature use.

Conclusions

Noona is well liked by respondents, and exploratory multivariable analyses demonstrate the potential for using passively and minimally invasive data to demonstrate value.
Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults in Jordan: National Survey
Authors: Al Hadidi Ansam
Published: February 2022

Background

Obesity is a national and global public health problem in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. In 2014, 5% of deaths worldwide were attributable to obesity, with an estimated economic impact of 2.8% of the global gross domestic product. A survey in 2008 showed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults in Jordan.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity, assess its trends, and identify the factors and comorbidities associated with this condition.

Methods

A multipurpose national household survey was conducted among Jordanian adults over 4 months in 2017. Data were collected using a structured validated questionnaire. Obesity was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria.

Results

This study included 4056 adults (1193 men, 29.4%; 2863 women, 70.6%). Their age ranged from 18 to 90 years, with a mean age of 43.8 (SD 14.2) years. According to the International Diabetes Federation criteria, the age-standardized prevalence of obesity was 60.4% in men and 75.6% in women. After adjusting for age, the odds of obesity in 2017 were twice the odds in 2008 in men (odds ratio [OR] 1.98) and women (OR 1.96). In the multivariate analysis, age, place of living, and marital status were significantly associated with obesity in men and women. Obesity was significantly associated with increased odds of diabetes mellitus (OR 2.1 for men; OR 2.9 for women), hypertension (OR 2.4 for men; OR 2.5 for women), elevated triglyceride levels (OR 2.5 for men; OR 4.2 for women), and low high-density lipoprotein levels (OR 2.2 for men; OR 2.1 for women) after adjusting for age.

Conclusions

The prevalence of obesity is high in Jordan, and this condition is associated with other metabolic abnormalities. Well-defined programs to manage, control, and prevent obesity as well as intersectoral action are urgently required to reverse current trends in Jordan.
Identification of Social Engagement Indicators Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder Using a Game-Based Mobile App: Comparative Study of Gaze Fixation and Visual Scanning Methods (Preprint)
Authors: Varma Maya , Washington Peter , Chrisman Brianna , Kline Aaron , Leblanc Emilie , Paskov Kelley , Stockham Nate , Jung Jae-Yoon , Sun Min Woo , Wall Dennis P
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a widespread neurodevelopmental condition with a range of potential causes and symptoms. Standard diagnostic mechanisms for ASD, which involve lengthy parent questionnaires and clinical observation, often result in long waiting times for results. Recent advances in computer vision and mobile technology hold potential for speeding up the diagnostic process by enabling computational analysis of behavioral and social impairments from home videos. Such techniques can improve objectivity and contribute quantitatively to the diagnostic process.

OBJECTIVE

In this work, we evaluate whether home videos collected from a game-based mobile app can be used to provide diagnostic insights into ASD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study attempting to identify potential social indicators of ASD from mobile phone videos without the use of eye-tracking hardware, manual annotations, and structured scenarios or clinical environments.

METHODS

Here, we used a mobile health app to collect over 11 hours of video footage depicting 95 children engaged in gameplay in a natural home environment. We used automated data set annotations to analyze two social indicators that have previously been shown to differ between children with ASD and their neurotypical (NT) peers: (1) gaze fixation patterns, which represent regions of an individual’s visual focus and (2) visual scanning methods, which refer to the ways in which individuals scan their surrounding environment. We compared the gaze fixation and visual scanning methods used by children during a 90-second gameplay video to identify statistically significant differences between the 2 cohorts; we then trained a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network to determine if gaze indicators could be predictive of ASD.

RESULTS

Our results show that gaze fixation patterns differ between the 2 cohorts; specifically, we could identify 1 statistically significant region of fixation (P<.001). In addition, we also demonstrate that there are unique visual scanning patterns that exist for individuals with ASD when compared to NT children (P<.001). A deep learning model trained on coarse gaze fixation annotations demonstrates mild predictive power in identifying ASD.

CONCLUSIONS

Ultimately, our study demonstrates that heterogeneous video data sets collected from mobile devices hold potential for quantifying visual patterns and providing insights into ASD. We show the importance of automated labeling techniques in generating large-scale data sets while simultaneously preserving the privacy of participants, and we demonstrate that specific social engagement indicators associated with ASD can be identified and characterized using such data.
Deep Learning Skin Disease Classifiers: Current Status and Future Prospects (Preprint)
Authors: Gupta Somesh
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Most studies on deep learning skin disease classifiers are done with binary classifications (ie, classifying lesions into malignant and benign). However, dermatology practice involves a large number of inflammatory and infective conditions that are not easily diagnosed by nondermatologist physicians.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to develop a machine learning–based smartphone app for multiclass skin disease classification and evaluate its performance in different levels of dermatology practice. We will also explore similar studies in the literature.

METHODS

We developed an artificial intelligence–driven smartphone app for 40 common skin diseases and tested it in primary care, tertiary care, and private practice settings.

RESULTS

In the clinical study, the overall top-1 accuracy was 75.07% (95% CI 73.75%-76.36%), top-3 accuracy was 89.62% (95% CI 88.67%-90.52%), and the mean area under the curve was 0.90 (SD 0.07). Multimedia Appendix 1 shows the top-1 positive predictive values and negative predictive values from a clinical study of 35 diseases using the developed mobile health app on patients. In the literature, there are very few studies on image-based deep learning multiclass classification of common skin diseases and none of them included evaluations in actual clinical settings.

CONCLUSIONS

An artificial intelligence–driven smartphone app has the potential to improve the diagnosis and management of skin diseases in patients with skin of color. Nondermatologist, primary care physicians are likely to benefit from having access to such an app.
Digital Health Understanding and Preparedness of Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Baumgartner Martin , Sauer Christoph , Blagec Kathrin , Dorffner Georg
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Digitalisation is changing all areas of our daily life. With COVID-19, digital health received an additional boost in the medical area. The usage of telemedicine applications increased by 70% in 2020. The prediction for artificial intelligence (AI) applications shows a sharp increase over the next few years. This changing environment requires new competences from physicians in all specialities. Therefore, more and more medical schools adapt their curricula.

OBJECTIVE

This study systematically surveyed the knowledge, attitude and interests of medical students in Austria. These results will help to further develop the medical curriculum, as well as to increase our understanding of future physicians by other health care market players.

METHODS

A web-based survey consisting of four sections was developed: Section one queried demographic data, section two assessed the current digital health knowledge of medical students, section three queried their attitudes about the future impact of digital health in medicine and section four assessed the recommendations medical students have for the medical curriculum in terms of digital health. This survey was distributed to a total of 11,978 student at all public Austrian medical schools.

RESULTS

8.4% (1017 students) of the medical student population started the survey, 5.4% (650 students) of the medical students completed it. At the knowledge self-assessment section the medical students reached mean of 11.74 points (SD 4.42) out of a possible maximum of 32 (female mean 10.66/ SD 3.87, male mean 13.34 / SD 4.50). The results are stable across different study years. The attitude section showed that students see digitalisation as a threat, especially with respect to the patient–physician relationship. The curriculum recommendation section showed a high interest for topics related to AI, a per study year increasing interest in impact of digital health in communication, as well as a decreasing interest in robotic related topics.

CONCLUSIONS

There is good knowledge of and high interest in AI among the medical students. In other areas such as telemedicine, medical databases, imaging and robotics, the knowledge is much lower; the interest for additional trainings in these areas is also low. The attitude towards digital health can be described as sceptical. Overall, they see a negative impact on patient-physician communication and are afraid of a negative impact of the internet. A low knowledge level of digital health leads to reluctance against the positive effects of digital health. To ensure that future physicians keep pace with this development and fulfil their responsibility towards the society, medical schools need to be more proactive to foster the understanding of medical students that digital health will persistent alter the medical practice.
Utilizing Real-life Cases in a Student-Family Environment as a New Model for Case-Based Learning in Pathology for Dental Students: A Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shrivastava Priyanshu Kumar , Sybil Deborah , Kumar Neeta
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Case-based learning is a widely accepted technique to promote critical thinking in health care students. This paper focuses on active learning through real life clinical cases as opposed to hypothetical cases in the dental academic curricula. The overall experience of the faculty as well as the students throughout the case assignment has been reported in this study.

OBJECTIVE

This study provides an insight into an innovative real-life Case-based approach in Online learning of Pathology.

METHODS

A real-life case of Hypertension/Diabetes/both was assigned to the Bachelor of Dentistry students of second academic year in Pathology. The case was then presented by the students followed by an open discussion involving peers and faculty members. Students’ feedback and remarks were obtained for the assignment.

RESULTS

The response of students towards case assignment was promising and their feedback on each aspects of the assignment has been described. Faculty perception has been included to provide insights about the students’ participation in the assignment from a faculty viewpoint.

CONCLUSIONS

The positive responses obtained from the students suggest the viability of using a real-life case-based approach in Online learning of Pathology in Dental students. These findings can be further expanded to include several disciplines of health care especially during adverse situations when patient exposure is less. Including clinical rotations right from the 2nd BDS Academic year has been proposed in this paper.
Assessment and Disruption of Ruminative Episodes to Enhance Mobile CBT Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions in Clinical Depression: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Liyuan , Miller Lynn
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

A just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) is "designed to address the dynamically changing needs of individuals via the provision of the type/amount of support needed, at the right time… when needed." If and how Rumination Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy (RFCBT), “the gold standard”, blocks emotional cascades underlying rumination is unclear. Further, CBT has been successfully used as a mobile variant (MCBT) but RFCBT has neither been adapted for a mobile variant (MRFCBT) nor for a JITAI variant.

OBJECTIVE

To pilot-test a fully automated JITAI intervention, leveraging rumination-focused CBT (RFCBT), and ways to identify and block cascading depressive rumination.

METHODS

Patients in therapy for clinical depression were recruited for the randomized controlled trial (RCT). After consenting to be part of the RCT, they were randomly assigned to a mobile version of RFCBT condition personalized to the individual’s own rumination timing patterns (JITAI- MRFCBT) or a no-treatment control condition through a double-blind procedure. All were recruited and participated through their smartphone and received five text-message reminders per each of 35 days to self-report their rumination-related symptoms (e.g. rumination episodes and durations). In the JITAI-MRFCBT condition, they also received treatment materials. The first 7-days provided a rumination baseline; the last 7-days a post-intervention rumination value. Out of 59 volunteers, 25 were eligible and provided their phone numbers. Five out of 25 of volunteers never replied to the text-message reminding them to start the RCT. Among the twenty participants who logged on the RCT. Eighteen of the remaining 20 accomplished the current RCT (i.e., finishing, as pre-specified, 80% of the questionnaires and training tasks) and were therefore included in the analysis. The intensive within-person design measures daily rumination symptoms and change within each of the 18 individuals.

RESULTS

Using independent t-tests with bootstrapping, results showed that participants in the JITAI-MRFCBT, compared to the control condition, reported greater reduction of counts of rumination episodes (M=-25.28, SD=14.50 versus M=1.44, SD=4.12, p<.01, 95 CI [14.25, 33.67]) and in average time (minutes) spent in rumination (M=-21.53, SD=17.6, versus M=1.47, SD=1.5; p=.04, 95 CI [10.58, 32.00]). Results using Group Iterative GIMME suggest that compared to the control, those in the JITAI-MRFCBT condition reduced ruminative carryover from one episode to the next .

CONCLUSIONS

Results suggest that JITAI-MRFCBT may reduce negative rumination by providing RFCBT just-in-time following rumination and by, thereby, blocking the next rumination episode with the same trigger. This study supports a subsequent, full-scale JITAI intervention, and the importance of leveraging mobile smartphone technology with MRFCBT to curb depressive symptoms.

CLINICALTRIAL

NCT04554706
Adherence and Engagement With a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Based Conversational Agent (Wysa for Chronic Pain) Among Adults With Chronic Pain: Survival Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Sinha Chaitali , Cheng Abby L , Kadaba Madhura
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Digital applications are commonly used to support mental health and well-being. However, successfully retaining and engaging users to complete digital interventions is challenging, and comorbidities such as chronic pain further reduce user engagement. Digital conversational agents (CAs) may improve user engagement by applying engagement principles that have been implemented within in-person care settings.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate user retention and engagement with an artificial intelligence–led digital mental health app (Wysa for Chronic Pain) that is customized for individuals managing mental health symptoms and coexisting chronic pain.

METHODS

In this ancillary survival analysis of a clinical trial, participants included 51 adults who presented to a tertiary care center for chronic musculoskeletal pain, who endorsed coexisting symptoms of depression or anxiety (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System score of ≥55 for depression or anxiety), and initiated onboarding to an 8-week subscription of Wysa for Chronic Pain. The study outcomes were user retention, defined as revisiting the app each week and on the last day of engagement, and user engagement, defined by the number of sessions the user completed.

RESULTS

Users engaged in a cumulative mean of 33.3 sessions during the 8-week study period. The survival analysis depicted a median user retention period (i.e., time to complete disengagement) of 51 days, with the usage of a morning check-in feature having a significant relationship with a longer retention period (P=.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that user retention and engagement with a CBT-based CA built for users with chronic pain is higher than standard industry metrics. These results have clear implications for addressing issues of suboptimal engagement of digital health interventions and improving access to care for chronic pain. Future work should use these findings to inform the design of evidence-based interventions for individuals with chronic pain and to enhance user retention and engagement of digital health interventions more broadly.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04640090; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04640090
La colaboración entre estudiantes universitarios y negocios sociales
Authors: Osorio-Novela Germán , Mungaray-Lagarda Alejandro , Ramírez-Angulo Natanael
Published: February 2022

Este documento se enmarca en los modelos pedagógicos de investigación-acción y aprendizaje-servicio, a través de la operación de un programa de asistencia a negocios sociales. Se comparte la operación de un programa de investigación, asistencia y enseñanza a empresas, en donde estudiantes de último grado de licenciatura de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México, actúan como consultores de micronegocios emprendidos en zonas de alta marginación, asistiéndolos en temas de desarrollo empresarial y personal. De esta forma, de 1999 a 2019, han participado más de 1 720 estudiantes en 12 790 negocios sociales, impactando en su fortalecimiento como fuente de ingresos de familias en condiciones de pobreza. Los hallazgos arrojan resultados deseables en los mecanismos de aprendizaje para estudiantes, a través de experiencias reales con empresas en contextos de alta marginación, mejorando su sentido solidario, emprendedor y de colaboración.
Reseña del libro coordinado por Daniela Rawicz, Leer a Simón Rodríguez. Proyecto para América
Authors: Bayona-Trejo Gabriela
Published: February 2022

El libro Leer a Simón Rodríguez. Proyecto para América, coordinado por Daniela Rawicz y editado en 2020 por la Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), es un tejido multicolor transdisciplinario escrito por integrantes del grupo de investigación “O inventamos o erramos”, dedicado a estudiar y difundir la obra de este gran pensador y rebelde. Los diez ensayos que componen el libro iluminan desde distintos ángulos los anhelos y propuestas pedagógicas, políticas, filosóficas y expresivas de quien poco a poco ha dejado de ser meramente recordado por haber sido maestro de otro Simón, Simón Bolívar, el gran libertador, para volverse una figura fundamental para entender la identidad, el pasado y el futuro de nuestras sociedades americanas.
Osteoarthritis, Corticosteroids and Role of CYP Genes in COVID-19 Patients: A Mini Review
Authors: Adiga Usha , Adiga Sachidananda , Suryakanth Varashree Bolar , Menambath Desy Thayyil
Published: February 2022

Objectives of this review is to evaluate the role of cytochrome P450 gene polymorphisms in COVID-19 infected patients with pre-existing OA on corticosteroids. The purpose of this review is to analyze whether polymorphisms of Cytochrome p450 isoforms (CYP2C9 and CYP3A4) affect the dosage of steroids in OA patients in COVID-19 infected patients. This review may provide more therapeutic options; suggest a few guidelines which may be useful in managing COVID-19 patients with pre-existing osteoarthritis. The important role of corticosteroids in treating patients infected with COVID-19 with preexisting osteoarthritis, its influence on incidence of mortality or morbidity may be highlighted. The influence of CYP enzymes and their polymorphisms suggest safety of treatments as well as the possible need for the dosage adjustment or their discontinuation.
Evaluation of Anti-HBsAg Titres among the High-Risk Population of A Tertiary Care Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sneka P. , Sangamithra V. , Vidya D.C. , Hamsadwani K.P.
Published: February 2022

Health care workers (HCW) are a high-risk population for Hepatitis B infection. Hepatitis B vaccine which is 95% effective confers long-term protection and anti-HBs titre is a marker for protective immune response. Our objective was to assess the status of hepatitis B vaccination and to evaluate the anti-HBsAg titres among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital, Tamil Nadu. It was an observational study conducted among 610 Health care workers in a tertiary care teaching hospital from June to December 2018 after obtaining clearance from IEC. Workers were assessed for their HBV vaccination status and for their anti-HBsAg titre after getting informed consent. The antibody titres were measured using CLIA (chemiluminescent Immunoassay) supplied by Abbott diagnostics. The data was entered and analyzed using a Microsoft Excel sheet. In our study, 80.5% were fully vaccinated, 18.5% of them were defaulters which comprised the HCW with 2 doses and 1 dose of vaccine and 0.9% were not vaccinated. In the fully vaccinated group, 37% showed Anti HBs titres of 10-100 mIU/ml, 59.2% showed the titre of > 100 mIU/ml and 3.6% did not show the protective antibody titre (<10 mIU/ml ). The 3.6% who did not show protective antibody titre were given the booster dose of vaccine. Among those who received a booster dose, 61.1% responded with the titre of 10-100 mIU/ml and 22.2% responded with the titre of > 100 mIU/ ml and 16.6% did not respond even with the booster dose. In the defaulters 86.7% had titres < 10 mIU/ml , 9.7% had titres of 10 mIU/ml and 3.6% had titres > 10 mIU/ml. In the non vaccinated group all had titres < 10 mIU/ml. The present study emphasizes the importance of screening of anti-HBsAg titres to be made mandatory for all the health care workers along with HBV Vaccination.
La publicidad se cuela en la trama
Authors: Videla Germán
Published: February 2022

En este artículo se analiza el ‘emplazamiento de productos’, es decir, la práctica por la cual la publicidad se introduce en los contenidos y en el propio relato de los medios de comunicación; en este caso particular se estudia su presencia en el cine.
Texto de Horacio Varoli. Sin domicilio
Authors: Varoli Horacio
Published: February 2022

Extracto de la memoria de grado Los “sin techo” de Montevideo, que el autor presentó para obtener su título de Licenciado en Comunicación Social en la Universidad Católica del Uruguay (UCU). Con el título 24 horas con Daniel G y editado por sus tutoras, Silvia Soler y Silvana Tanzi, fue publicado un fragmento en el que el autor relata lo que sucedió durante 24 horas a la intemperie con un “sin techo” de nuestro país (Cuadernos de Comunicación Social, número 1, UCU, noviembre 2006).
Nuestros Suelos: exploring new forms of public engagement with polluted soils
Authors: Ureta Sebastian , Llona Miriam , Rodríguez-Oroz Delia , Valenzuela Daniel , Trujillo-Espinoza Carolina , Guiñez Consuelo , Rebolledo Alejandro , Maiza María José , Rodríguez Beltrán Camilo
Published: February 2022

Despite being a critical environmental problem, soil pollution is not usually considered as a relevant issue by the general public. This disinterest derives from traditional procedures to assess soil pollution that are quite complex and costly, not considering any form of citizen involvement. Seeking to challenge this situation, the project “Nuestros Suelos” (Our Soil) aimed at designing and testing a low-cost participative soil pollution assessment toolkit. The final prototype included several participative modules, going from an assessment of the history of local soils to measuring heavy metals such as Arsenic and Copper. Tested with low-income communities in northern Chile, the toolkit was able not only to produce multiple kinds of data but also a public that started to understand and care about the issue.
Entanglement of Local Hidden States
Authors: Fadel Matteo , Gessner Manuel
Published: February 2022

Steering criteria are conditions whose violation excludes the possibility of describing the observed measurement statistics with local hidden state (LHS) models. When the available data do not allow to exclude arbitrary LHS models, it may still be possible to exclude LHS models with a specific separability structure. Here, we derive experimentally feasible criteria that put quantitative bounds on the multipartite entanglement of LHS. Our results reveal that separable states may contain hidden entanglement that can be unlocked by measurements on another system, even if no steering between the two systems is possible.
In Search of Commonly Used Language Learning Strategies by EFL students
Authors: MASBIROROTNI MASBIROROTNI , FAJARYANI NUNUNG
Published: February 2022

Language learning strategy is one of the factors that can contribute to the success in learning a foreign language including for Indonesian students. The purpose of this current study was to examine the learning strategies of English as foreign language students in one state university in Jambi Province. This current study used a survey approach to deal with the issue of the learning strategies of English as foreign language students. Data were collected through using the Language Learning Strategy Questionnaire (LLSQ). The participants of this study consisted of 129 students.  Overall, the findings revealed that cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies were most commonly used by students in speaking, reading, and writing skills.  However, cognitive and social strategies were the most frequently used by students for listening skill.  Suggestions and future studies are also discussed.
Metacognition Awareness and Its Correlation with Academic Achievement of Educational Students
Authors: ERIYANI ELFA
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to describe the metacognitive awareness of Indonesian Language and Literature Educational students in STKIP YPM Bangko, and to differentiate student metacognition by gender and length of study, and to correlate metacognition awareness on student achievement indexes. A quantitative research design was used with population of  80 students in academic year of  2017-2018. A purposive sampling technique was taken by involving students of the third, fifth, and seventh semester. Documentations and questionnaires were used as the instuments of this study and manual calculations and SPSS 16.0 for Windows were used to analyze the collected data in the study. The results showed that there was no significant difference between metacognitive awareness of male and female students, and between  metacognitive awareness of the second year, the third year, and the fourth year. The latest, there was a very weak positive relationship between metacognitive awareness and students’ achievement.
Selecting Content Analysis Approach in Social Networking Sites: What’s the Best for Cyberbullying Studies?
Authors: Hamuddin Budianto , Rahman Fathu , Pammu Abidin , Sanusi Baso Yusring , Derin Tatum
Published: February 2022

Insight into students’ behaviour and interaction is essential when it comes to improving the development and implementation of educational policies. Content analysis is a staple method to study online communication. However, there seems to be no clear reference for researchers to decide which approach is suitable to address a particular purpose. So, this study aims to recommend the most suitable content analysis approach for SNS research. This study extracted relevant studies from open-access databases and analysed the full-texts with NVivo 12. From a raw data collection of 120 texts, this study identified 19 approaches. This study recommends four approaches which are ideal to study cyberbullying among students in the higher education context, specifically on the types, styles, motives, and solutions of cyberbullying. First is Neuendorf’s descriptive content analysis approach to study about the types. Second is Hijmans’ rhetorical content analysis to study the styles. Third is Hsieh and Shannon’s directed content analysis approach to study the motives. Fourth is Miles and Huberman’s collaborative social content analysis to study the solutions. These four approaches have different focuses that seem to be the perfect match to study different aspects of online interaction on SNS, particularly in the context of cyberbullying.
Analysis of the effect 3D printing parameters on tensile strength using Copper-PLA filament
Authors: Darsin Mahros , Mauludy Renald Rochman , Hardiatama Intan , Fachri Boy Arief , Ramadhan Mochamad Edoward , Parningotan Doddy
Published: February 2022

This research aims to find the optimal combination of parameters to obtain the maximum tensile strength of 3D printing products made of eCopper, which consists of 45% Cu and 55% PLA. The parameters used were nozzle temperature, layer height, print speed and bed temperature with three levels each. The Taguchi L9 (3^4) experiment was used for design and analysis. The product was printed in the form of a tensile test specimen according to the ASTM D638 Type I standard using a Cartesian FDM 3D printer. The average response S/N ratio calculation found that the highest tensile strength would be obtained when applying combination parameters of nozzle temperature 230 oC, layer height 0.35 mm, print speed 90 mm/s and bed temperature 60 oC. While each parameter contributes to the tensile strength by the order are nozzle temperature, layer height, print speed, and bed temperature 59.44%, 20.53%, 18.06% and 1.97%, respectively.
Percussion Palm Cup: Safety and Usability of Newly Designed Products in Infants and Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Dasouki Sabrina , Pedder Linda , Semple Brady , Remilli Steve , Lytwyn Kevin , Ellerton Cindy , Brooks Dina , Ball Julie
Published: February 2022

Background: Manual percussion is used during airway clearance sessions
for children with cystic fibrosis. Use of percussor cups can assist
manual chest physiotherapy percussion when the treatment is too taxing,
or the adult hand is too large. The Canadian distribution for the usual
commercial percussor was recently discontinued. The McMaster
Manufacturing Research Institute (MMRI) was approached to produce two
percussor cup prototypes as potential alternatives. The objective of
this study was to evaluate the useability, satisfaction, preference, and
safety of the MMRI percussor cups compared to the Smiths Palm Cup®
Percussor. Methods: Participants were allocated to two groups based on
age. Order of percussor cup use was randomized; caregivers used each
percussor cup for 2 consecutive days. Data collection included:
demographics, the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive
Technology 2.0, the Pictorial Single-Item Usability Scale, adverse
effect report, overall satisfaction ratings and top percussor cup
ranking. Results: Twenty-five caregivers and their children enrolled in
and completed the study. The MMRI narrow handle percussor prototype,
regardless of cup size, was comparable in usability, safety and
effectiveness. This can be a locally sourced, innovative solution in
Canada for a pediatric percussor cup. Conclusions: All percussor types
were favourably reported across metrics examining usability, safety, and
effectiveness, apart from the MMRI small cup, wide handle prototype.
Overall, the MMRI wide handle prototype was the least preferred,
regardless of cup size, while the MMRI narrow handle prototype was
comparable to the Smiths Palm Cup® Percussor across all metrics,
regardless of cup size.
Patterns of Laryngeal Nerves Injuries Following Thyroid Surgery in Al-Imamein Al-Kadhmein Medical City
Authors:   Dept. of Surgery, Al Hakeem General Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, Jaber Sahal , Abdulhassan Bashar ,   Dept. of Surgery, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Hussien Haitham ,   Dept. of Surgery, Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Helfy Sajid ,   Dept. of Surgery, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: February 2022

Background: Morbidity after thyroid surgery related to injuries to parathyroid, recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and external branch of superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN), mostly due to unawareness of the anatomical variations and lack of meticulous dissection added to that patient comorbidity and type of goiter. Objective: To assess the incidence of nerves injuries (RLN and EBSLN) and evaluation of the risk factors for nerves injuries. Methods: A prospective study included 250 patients admitted to the General Surgical Unit at Al-Imamein Al-kadhimein Medical City from the first of October 2014 to the end of October 2017. Evaluation of nerves injuries (RLN and EBSLN) with regard to thyroid pathology, types of resection, age and gender. Thyroidectomies were done by different surgical teams. Patients with recurrent goiter, prior cervical surgery and preexisting vocal cord paralysis were excluded. Vocal cords assessment was done preoperatively, intraoperatively at time of extubation and postoperatively. Patients with injury to the RLN were managed accordingly and followed up by serial examination for 6-12 month, while patients with symptoms of EBSLN injuries were followed depending just on clinical feature due to lack of diagnostic facilities. Results: There were 78 (31.2%), 172 (68.8%) male and females subsequently. The age range was (18-70) years and mean±SD was (44±11.9). Multinodular goiter was the main presentation in (168 patients), while thyroiditis was the least (6 patients). Injury to RLN was reported in 8 (3.2%) patients, 3 had unilateral and 5 had bilateral. Permanent damage documented in 2 patients. There was a significant RLN injury association with malignancy and total thyroidectomy. EBSLN injury have been reported in 55 patients (22%), it was transient in 43 patients and permanent in 12 patients. Conclusion: Nerve damage after thyroidectomy is not uncommon and affect significantly on quality of life. Careful dissection and awareness of anatomical variation is essential. Majority of injuries were transient and recovered spontaneously. Immediate intervention is not recommended unless airway compromisation ensure. Keywords: RLN, EBSLN, thyroidectomy Citation: Jaber SMA, Abdulhassan BA, Hussien HK, Al-Helfy SH. Patterns of laryngeal nerves injuries following thyroid surgery in Al-Imamein Al-Kadhmein Medical City. Iraqi JMS. 2021; 19(1): 10-17. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.19.1.2
Acute Severe Icteric Hepatitis Caused by the Novel Corona virus: A Case Report
Authors:   Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City, Baghdad Health Directorate – Al-Karkh, Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Hasnawi Dalia , Kareem Ahmed ,   Al-Karkh General Hospital, Baghdad Health Directorate – Al-Karkh, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: February 2022

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV-2) cases are being frequently reported nowadays and the objective of this clinical case report is to highlight its unique presentation as acute icteric sever hepatitis. Case report: A 28-year-old female patient presented with 3 days history of fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and jaundice. Lab investigations revealed positive COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test along with picture suggestive of acute severe hepatitis (Aspartate aminotransferase; 2772 U/L (N: <32), Alanine transaminase; 2522 U/L (N: <33), Alkaline phosphatase; 172 U/L (N: 35-104), direct bilirubin 4.2 mg/dl (N: 0-0.3)). The patient was admitted, monitored and started on supportive therapy for 5 days and was discharged well for outpatient follow-up. Conclusion: Requesting liver function test for COVID-19 patients who presents with gastrointestinal symptoms is a crucial decision that can guide us with the management of the case since many drugs used in the treatment of the new SARS‐CoV-2 infection are hepatotoxic and should therefore be used with caution. Keywords: Hepatitis, COVID-19, SARS‐CoV‐2, COVID-19 hepatitis, icteric hepatitis Citation: Al-Hasnawi DH, Kareem AM. Acute severe icteric hepatitis caused by the novel Corona virus: A case report. Iraqi JMS. 2021; 19(1): 56-59. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.19.1.8
Assessment of Vitamin D Level in a Sample of Iraqi Obese Women
Authors:   Ministry of Health, Iraq, Abdulkader Hiba , Al-Saffar Atheer ,   Dept. of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: February 2022

Background: High prevalence of both vitamin D (vit. D) deficiency and obesity in world population as reported by many studies drown attention to establish the association and its direction between these two modifiable risk factors and their impact on health status which are still uncertain. Objective: To measure vit. D levels among a sample of obese women, describing some factors that may contribute for vit. D values in this sample and assess the correlation between vit. D levels and body mass index (BMI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 100 obese women. Their age ranged between (20-50) years, during the period from 1st February to 1st August 2019. The sample was gathered from laboratory of private medical center at Palestine Street in Baghdad. vit. D was measured by (Ichroma vit D), which is a fluorescence immunoassay. Results: The mean±SD of vit. D values of the participants were found to be (16.05±6.9) ng/ml. Only two women from the sample had sufficient vit. D level of more than 30 ng/ml, (72%) of the participants found to have insufficient vit. D level 10-29.9 ng/ml and the remaining had deficiency in vit. D level <10 ng/ml. A significant association was found between vit. D levels and the age participants and beverages drinking (P≤0.01). Indirect correlation was found between vit. D values of the participants, their BMI values, and waist/ hip ratios and was significant with the last P≤0.012. Conclusion: No association was found between vit. D and BMI, but there is indirect correlation between vit. D and waist/hip ratio. Highest deficiency of vit. D among age group (30-39) years old and among those who were drinking carbonated beverage. Keywords: Obese, women, vitamin D, body mass index Citation: Abdulkader HD, Al-Saffar AJ. Assessment of vitamin D level in a sample of Iraqi obese women. Iraqi JMS. 2021; 19(2): 172-181. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.19.2.6
Zarazne
bolesti, prostorna mobilnost i prevencija u ranome novom vijeku
Authors: Mlinarić Dubravka , Lazanin Sanja
Published: February 2022

U radu se prikazuje utjecaj zaraznih
bolesti na prostornu mobilnost ljudi i razvoj mjera prevencije na hrvatskom
prostoru s posebnim fokusom na rani novi vijek. Uzimajući u obzir društvene,
demografske, kulturne i ekonomske posljedice koje su epidemije zaraznih bolesti
ostavile na hrvatskom prostoru, rad se usredotočuje na situaciju u Slavoniji i
Dalmaciji u razdobljima epidemije kuge i drugih zaraznih bolesti. U tim su
pokrajinama zabilježena dva različita javnozdravstvena sustava kontrole
kretanja ljudi i širenja bolesti. U Dalmaciji se razvio karantenski sustav
izdvojenih kontrolnih centara oko jadranskih luka, a u Slavoniji sustav kontumacijskih stanica raspoređenih duž dobro
nadzirane osmanske granice (Sanitarni kordon). Istražujući mjere za prevenciju širenja
zaraznih bolesti, ponajprije kuge, autorice nastoje odgovoriti na tri ključna
pitanja: kako su različiti ranonovovjekovni
upravno-politički sustavi reagirali na epidemijske izazove, kako je opasnost od
zaraze utjecala na mobilnost ljudi i roba te kako je protuepidemijska zaštita
pridonijela izgradnji javnozdravstvenoga sustava na hrvatskom prostoru.
Od
Like do Šleske
Authors: Balić Juraj
Published: February 2022

Gotovo neprestano ratovanje koje se na europskom tlu odvijalo tijekom 18. stoljeća pružalo je brojne mogućnosti mladim i ambicioznim časnicima
koji su svoje vojne usluge stavljali na raspolaganje raznim europskim vladarima. Kao izvrstan primjer toga trenda može poslužiti slučaj Gideona Ernsta baruna Laudona (1717. – 1790.), časnika koji je vojnu karijeru započeo u Ruskom Carstvu, a potom prešao u službu habsburških vladara, gdje je ostvario nebrojene uspjehe na bojnom polju i dosegnuo sam vrh vojne hijerarhije. Laudon se pridružio habsburškim vojnim snagama u vrijeme Rata za austrijsku baštinu (1740. – 1748.) kao član Trenckova Pandurskoga dobrovoljačkog zbora, prilikom čega se bolje upoznao s vojnim umijećem „maloga rata”. Stečeno iskustvo proširio je nakon završetka toga sukoba kad mu je dodijeljen časnički položaj u Vojnoj krajini. Koristeći se vojnim umijećem i ratnim vještinama krajišnika, Laudon je ostvario znatne uspjehe u prvim godinama Sedmogodišnjega rata (1756. – 1763.), čime je započeo njegov nagli uspon
unutar habsburške vojne hijerarhije. U ovome radu razmatra se uloga krajišnika u Laudonovim vojnim pothvatima u spomenutom ratnom sukobu s ciljem utvrđivanja značenja te specifične skupine vojnika za Laudonov uspjeh na bojnom polju, kao i njihove važnosti u sklopu oružanih snaga Habsburške Monarhije.
Are Tax Havens and Offshore Financial Centers Cracked Down On? A Study on the International Standard of Exchange of Information on Request
Authors: Li Yijun , Ma Mark (Shuai)
Published: February 2022

To “crack down” on tax havens and offshore financial centers, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has promoted an internationally agreed tax standard of exchange of information on request since 2009. Using a difference-in-differences analysis, we find that the implementation of the standard significantly reduces aggressive tax avoidance by affected U.S. multinational firms with material subsidiaries in tax havens and other offshore financial centers. The effects are stronger when firms have more incentives and opportunities for income-shifting or when tax enforcement is stronger. Overall, our study helps the OECD and other regulators better understand the effect of the internationally agreed standard on corporate tax avoidance.

Data Availability: All data are available at the source indicated.