bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement for Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2  Combined with Activated Carbon under Surface Fluorination (F-TiO2/AC)
Authors: Sivapatarnkun Janjira , Hathaisamit K. , Pudwat S.
Published: January 2016

The prepared TiO2 and commercial grade of TiO2 with anatase and rutile phase combined with bulk and powder of activated carbon (TiO2/AC) observed the photocatalytic activity under weak UV. The surface fluorination was applied for all photocatalysts (F-TiO2/AC) to enhance photocatalytic activity. The decolorization of methylene blue (MB) was used to indicate the efficiency of adsorption and degradation of the samples. The prepared TiO2 was prepared by Sol-Gel method under condition of the titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) to 2-propanol (2-PP) ratio of 1:30 and adjusts pH of 2 by HCl acid. Under surface fluorination, the samples of TiO2/AC were immersed of 2 hours under NaF solution of 30 mmol. Surface morphology was observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). MB absorption was recorded by UV-VIS spectrophotometer to indicate MB decolorization. The results showed that, MB were under photocatalytic test of the rich porosities of AC and prepared TiO2/AC were the highest decolorization due to AC showed high adsorption and prepared TiO2/AC showed high decomposition of MB. Both of TiO2/AC and F-TiO2/AC, pure anatase phase showed higher photocatalytic activity than pure rutile phase. Under the same crystalline phase, F-TiO2/AC showed higher photocatalytic activity than TiO2/AC. Prepared TiO2 showed higher photocatalytic activity than TiO2 of commercial grade. Moreover, under the same TiO2, AC powder showed higher adsorption than AC bulk due to AC powder has surface area greater than AC bulk. The best sample for MB-decolorization was F-prepared TiO2/AC powder. Under the sample to MB solution (0.05 mmol) ratio of 0.15g: 400 ml, the MB solution changed to be the colorless solution after treatment of 5 min.
Enhancing Properties of Deproteinized Natural Rubber with Rice Husk Ash Silica for Use as a Dental Material
Authors: Saowapark Thanunya , Amphaiphan Ukrit , Chaichana Ekrachan , Wongwitthayakool Panjaporn
Published: January 2016

Rice husk is an agricultural residue from a rice-mill known as a rich source of silica. In this study, the rice husk was extracted for the contained silica by pretreatment with hydrochloric and calcination at 700 °C, and the white rice husk ash (WRA) mainly consisting of the silica was finally obtained. WRA was then investigated for its composition and structure with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results showed that WRA contained a large amount of silica (90%) with amorphous structure. After that, WRA was used as filler for the preparation of natural rubber products. Two kinds of the natural rubber products were prepared here: 1) the pure natural rubber (PNR) product and 2) the deproteinized natural rubber (DNR) product. DNR was a protein removal natural rubber which is suitable for use as a dental material with the low allergenic properties caused from the proteins. Additionally, DNR used in this study could be provided by removing proteins from the natural rubber latex with 0.1 % urea in the presence of surfactant at room temperature. It was found that the nitrogen content (main element of proteins) of DNR was lower than PNR under the test condition. For the preparation of natural rubber products, WRA was mixed into the PNR and DNR latexes comparing with the commercial silica (Hisil-233). All finished latexes were compounded to obtain the natural rubber products. The viscoelastic properties and the cure characteristics of the entire products were investigated. It can be observed that WRA can be comparable with the commercial silica for use as filler for the natural rubber products. This is an attractive option to produce dental materials from the agricultural residues, which will reduce the cost of the production and also add value to the agricultural residues.
Performance of Light Green Pigment for Near-Infrared Reflection
Authors: Thongkanluang Thadsanee , Chirakanphaisarn Neramitr
Published: January 2016

Light green pigments based on Cr2O3, TiO2, Al2O3 and SiO2were prepared for reflective heat from solar radiation. The prepared pigment powders were mixed with ceramic glaze and sprayed onto ceramic substrates and then calcining accordance with ceramic processing for the reflectance measurement. The results show that the ceramic glaze 100 g mixed with the prepared pigment 5 g gives a maximum near infrared solar reflective of 70.94 %. The comparisons of performance test between prepared pigment and commercial green pigment that use for ceramic coating tile roof were covered two test boxes for temperature measurement. The results shown that the prepared pigment using make decrease the middle – room temperature less than commercial pigment using about 0.8 °C. It can be concluded that the prepared pigment is suitable to be used as a coating ceramic-based roofs for reducing the heat penetrating into the building.
Photocatalytic Performance of Ball-Milled Anatase/Rutile Mixed Phase TiO2 Composite Powders
Authors: Phoohinkong Weerachon , Mekprasart Wanichaya , Pecharapa Wisanu
Published: January 2016

Mixed-phase anatase/rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) composite powder is an important material due to the unique properties of photocatalytic activity that is higher than that of the only single anatase or rutile phase. In this study, the anatase/rutile mixed phase TiO2 composite powders were prepared by ball milling of TiO2 commercial grade powders. Effect of the anatase/rutile phase ratio and milling time on photocatalytic performance were investigated. The sample phase ratio is evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) meanwhile the composite morphology is characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The overall results revealed that the mixed-phase anatase/rutile provided significant enhancement in photocatalytic performance comparing to only anatase or rutile single phase. In addition, this ball-milling technique is considered as an effective process and cost-effectively on energy saving suitable for preparing anatase/rutile mixed-phase TiO2 for photocatalytic application.
Pore System and Hydric Properties of Two Different Lime Plasters with Finely Crushed Brick
Authors: Čáchová Monika , Vejmelková Eva , Polozhiy Kirill , Černý Robert
Published: January 2016

Two different lime plasters with finely crushed brick are studied in this article. In the first plaster the pozzolan mixture was used as silica sand while in the second it was dosed as replacement of the lime substitute and silica sand (the substitution levels being 20% and 50%). Classic lime plaster was used as a reference material. Studied parameters were basic physical properties (measured by water vacuum saturation and by helium pycnometry), characterization of pore system (by mercury porosimetry) and transport of liquid water.
Size and Shape Tailoring of ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Santhaveesuk Theerapong , Keawtoakrue Yoottana , Siwawongkasem Kwunta , Choopun Supab
Published: January 2016

ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via the co-precipitation method using zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide as raw materials. Size and shape of ZnO nanoparticles were well controlled by varying the ratio of sodium hydroxide solutions (0.5-0.9 mole) and the synthesized temperatures (65, 75 and 85 °C). ZnO nanoparticles exhibited a high degree crystallinity with wurtzite hexagonal structure for all conditions carried out using SEM, XRD, EDS and Raman. It was clearly observed that both sodium hydroxide solution and synthesized temperatures strongly affected on the size and shape of ZnO nanoparticles. The smallest ZnO nanoparticle was observed to be 47 nm with 0.7 mole of sodium hydroxide solution at 75 °C. Uniformed ZnO nanoparticles were obtained at synthesized temperatures above 65 °C. Optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles were also studied and carried out as absorbance spectra. In addition, optical energy band gap of ZnO nanoparticles was in the range of 3.24-3.35 eV.
Temperature Dependence of Electric Field Induced Strain in PLZT 9/65/35 Ceramics
Authors: Somwan Siripong , Funsueb Narit , Limpichaipanit Apichart , Ngamjarurojana Athipong
Published: January 2016

In this study, leadbased ferroelectric ceramics Pb0.91La0.09Zr0.65Ti0.35O3 PLZT (9/65/35) were fabricated by solid solution method. The electrical and mechanical properties were measured by modified Michelson interferometer and Sawyer-Tower circuit to investigate electric field induced strain and polarization (s-P-E) of PLZT (9/65/35) at 30-70 °C. The induced strain and polarization were changed when the temperature was increased indicating the change of spontaneous polarization inside the ferroelectric materials.
The Effect of Particle Size Ratio on Porosity of a Particles Deposition Process
Authors: Septiawan Reza Rendian , Viridi Sparisoma , Suprijadi
Published: January 2016

Porosity plays an important role on a particle deposition process which determines the strength of material. The structure of a material from deposition process can be viewed as a random close packed. References show that random close packing structure of uniform-sized particles gives a porosity of around 36%. In this work we simulate the deposition process using a particle method to study the effect of particle size ratio into a porosity of a material with the ratio of particles’ radius is ranged from 1:1 to 1:5. From the simulation we get an interesting result that shows the porosity is decreased when the size ratio is increased in range from 1:1 to 1:1.5 with its minimum porosity is 31.92% at ratio 1:1.5. Then as the ratio increases from 1:1.5 to 1:5, the porosity is also increasing.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles from Active Compounds of Mango Seed Kernel Extract
Authors: Kukaittinun Kornuma , Satirapipathkul Chutimon
Published: January 2016

The bioactive compounds in Mango seed kernel have high antioxidant activities which can be used as an ingredient in cosmetic products. The aim of this study was to improve the stability of bioactive compound in seed kernel extract by preparation in the form of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were prepared by high-speed homogenization technique. The effect of formulation on introduction the extract in to the base solid lipid nanoparticle system was investigated. At the optimal condition, the particle size was 329.1 nm. The highest load efficiency was 89.12%. The physical stability under the different storage temperature for 15 days indicated that the mango kernel extract entrapped in nanoparticles showed good stability. No obvious changes of clarity and degradation were found.
The Influence of Electron Beam Treatment on Al-Si Alloy Structure Destroyed at High-Cycle Fatigue
Authors: Konovalov Sergey V. , Aksenova Krestina , Gromov Victor , Ivanov Yurii F. , Semina Olga
Published: January 2016

By scanning and transmission electron diffraction microscopy method the analysis of structure-phase states and defect substructure of silumin subjected to high-intensity electron beam irradiation in various regimes and subsequent fatigue loading up to failure was carried out. It is revealed that the sources of fatigue microcracks are silicon plates of micron and submicron sizes that are not soluble in electron beam processing. The possible reasons of the silumin fatigue life increase under electron-beam treatment are discussed.
The Voltammetric Study of β–Glucosidase Hydrolytic Product with Modified Electrode
Authors: Pitsanuwong Chariwat , Charernchai Sumamal , Wonsawat Wanida
Published: January 2016

The novel modified electrode of voltammetric technique was applied to detect p-nitrophenol quantity released from the synthetic substrate p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) for β-glucosidase activity measurement. The results from the developed bismuth film modified screen printed carbon electrode (Bi/SPCE) for p-nitrophenol detecting, can be used for enzyme activity assay during purification steps. The further work, the condition of convenient voltammetric method will be optimized the condition suitable for applying to the β-glucosidase enzyme purification from Terminalia ivorensis C. seeds.
Structural and Optical Properties of F-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Co-Precipitation Process
Authors: Chongsri Krisana , Mekprasart Wanichaya , Pecharapa Wisanu
Published: January 2016

In this work, we reported the preparation of F-doped ZnO nanoparticles by facile precipitation process using zinc nitrate and ammonium fluoride as starting precursors for Zn and F, respectively dissolved in deionized water. The precursor solution was prepared at various fluoride composition ranging from 1-5 wt%. The as-precipitated powders were calcined at different temperature from 500 °C to 700 °C for 2 h. Effect of calcination temperature and fluoride concentration on structural, morphologies, optical and electrical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, respectively. XRD results indicated the complete formation of hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO. SEM micrographs showed the agglomeration for each sample that noticeably influenced by fluoride content.
Inner Filter Effect on Fluorescence Dyes Spectra in Methanol Solution
Authors: Sukprasong Saksit , Manjit Yongyut , Limpichaipanit Apichart , Ngamjarurojana Athipong
Published: January 2016

This research was conducted to study the inner filter effect on the fluorescence spectra of fluorescence dyes. The concentration effect on all of fluorescent dye solutions showed the same trend in terms of changes in fluorescence intensity spectra. At low concentrations, the fluorescence intensity increased when the concentration of fluorescent dye solution increased. However, at high concentrations, the fluorescence intensity decreased when the concentration of fluorescent dye solution increased. Interestingly, the result of fluorescence spectra in dye solutions showed that the fluorescence intensity maxima in all dye solutions were shifted to a higher wavelength (red-shift) when the concentration of fluorescent dye solution increased. The results of concentration effect on fluorescence intensity and wavelength-shift in dyes solution can be explained by inner filter effect on fluorescent dye solutions.
Development of Experimental Set for Determination of Refractive Index of Liquid Using Optical Fiber
Authors: Khanmolee Tewarit , Thamaphat Kheamrutai , Limsuwan Pichet
Published: January 2016

The construction of an experimental set for measurement of refractive index of liquids using fiber optics has been described in this work. The experimental set is aimed for demonstration in physics high school class. A prototype fabricated in laboratory composes of plastic-clad-plastic (PCP) optical fiber with the length of 50 cm, fiber optic transmitter diode, fiber optic phototransistor detector, and liquid container. The diameter and refractive index of the core of PCP optical fiber were 1 mm and 1.492, respectively. The thickness and refractive index of fiber cladding were 1.2 mm and 1.417, respectively. The fiber cladding surface at the central region was removed approximately 5 cm long to form a sensor area. This sensor area was inserted into a cylindrical glass which acted as the container. One end of the fiber was connected to the transmitter diode with a wavelength of 660 nm, and the other end was connected to the detector. A digital multimeter was used to measure an output voltage from the detector. In this work, the effect of water temperature on its refractive index was determined. The results showed that the water refractive index decreased with increasing water temperature and result in the increase of measured output voltage. Furthermore, it was found that the output voltage measured at different temperatures of water depends linearly on water refractive index.
The Study of Decrement in Insulation Resistance of PV String and its Effects on PV System Degradation
Authors: Sitthiphol Nopphadol , Sirisamphanwong Chatchai , Ketjoy Nipon , Sriprapha Kobsak
Published: January 2016

This paper presents the investigated variations in insulation resistances of amorphous silicon (a-Si), multi crystalline silicon (MC-Si) and hybrid solar cell (HIT). The insulation resistance of PV string of each system was measured and used to represent leakage current in photovoltaic system and the analysis was done in accordance with IEC 61215 Standard. The 10.152 kW multi-PV cell technologies grid connected system supports the energy demand of the 10 kW Building at School of Renewable Energy Technology (SERT), Naresuan University since July 2005 till date. In general the system was found effectively working under hot and humid climatic conditions of Thailand for a long duration. However the decrement in insulation resistance (MΩ) of a-Si string, MC-Si string and HIT string have affected electrical parameter of each system. The decrements in fill factor (F.F) over the 10 years period (July 13, 2005 – January 25, 2015) of a-Si, MC-Si and HIT were-27.4%, -21.9% and-6.2% respectively.
Comparative Studies of CsI(Tl), LYSO and BGO Scintillators
Authors: Prongsamrong P. , Limkitjaroenporn Pruittipol , Chaiphaksa W. , Kaewkhao J.
Published: January 2016

Inorganic scintillators of CsI(Tl), LYSO and BGO crystals were characterized using photomultiplier tube R1306 PMT readout for gamma ray detection. The photoelectron yield, light yield and photofraction were measured at gamma energies in range 59.5 keV to 1332 keV. It is found that the photoelectron yield of LYSO is much better than that of CsI(Tl) and BGO crystals. CsI(Tl) crystal showed the high light yield of 63855.25 ph/MeV in this energy range, which is better than that of LYSO and BGO crystals. The photofraction for all crystals was determined and compared with the cross-section ratio for the photoelectric effect to the total one which calculated by WinXCom program.
Flexural Strength of Low Calcium Class F Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete in Long Term Performance
Authors: Wardhono Arie , Law David W. , Molyneaux Thomas C.K.
Published: January 2016

This paper reports on experimental work that has been undertaken to investigate the flexural strength performance of fly ash-based geopolymer (FG) concrete. The FG concrete was prepared using low calcium class F fly ash with high silicate content. The flexural strength properties of FG were assessed using modulus of rupture test up to the age of 360 days. Compressive strength and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) tests were also performed to corroborate the flexural strength test results. The results showed that the FG concrete demonstrates a comparable compressive strength and velocity to OPC concrete. Hewever, the flexural strength of FG concrete exhibited a better performance compared to that OPC concrete. The measured flexural strength of FG concrete also exhibited a higher value compared to the predicted one using ACI 318M-08 standard. The relationship between flexural strength with compressive strength demonstrated a similarity behavior to that OPC concrete. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the ACI standard can be applied conservatively to determine the flexural strength of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete.
Characterization of Fly Ash on Geopolymer Paste
Authors: Nurwidayati Ratni , Ulum Muhammad Bahrul , Ekaputri Januarti Jaya , Triwulan  , Suprobo Priyo
Published: January 2016

The effect of loss of ignition, specific gravity, fineness, specific surface area and soluble fly ash to compressive strength of geopolymer paste were studied. Six fly ashes from two different sources and different time of collection were evaluated. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate were used as alkali activator. Concentration of sodium hydroxide and mass ratio of sodium hydroxide to sodium silicate were fixed 14M and one respectively. The result indicated that the improvement in compressive strength of geopolymer paste was more influenced by fineness, specific surface area and soluble content of fly ash. Soluble content of fly ash greatly affected the compressive strength of geopolymer paste compare to the compressive strength of cement paste with 20% fly ash replacement.
Lightweight Geopolymer Binder with Abaca Fiber in Different Curing
Authors: Triwulan  , Dwijayanti Luvi Yusepa , Ekaputri Januarti Jaya , Bayuaji Ridho
Published: January 2016

Light weight buildings are required in Indonesia to reduce the risk due to the earthquakes. Therefore, the presence of lightweight materials are needed. Moreover, fly ash that is a waste of coal combustion process, has a basic ingredient of geopolymer binder. If the geopolymer binder is mixed with a foaming agent, it will be a lightweight geopolymer binder, in which it can be used as wall elements that have light weight. Furthermore, the utilization of fly ash will reduces the pollution due to the release of CO2 during production of Portland cement. Thus the use of fly ash results in environmental safety. This study investigate about fibrous lightweight geopolymer binder, in which the main materials used was fly ash with the alkali activator such as NaOH and Na2SiO3. Foaming agent was used to form micro-pores. Abaca fiber was used as a reinforcement to avoid cracks. Normal curing and steamed curing were utilized at temperature 60°C for 6 hours. Meanwhile, tests conducted were compressive strength, density and porosity. Steam curing method resulted an increase in strength and gives less density even though the same amount of pores was formed.
Development of New Green Cement for Oil Wells
Authors: Valliappan Alagu Karthik , Suppiah Raja Rajeswary , Irawan Sonny , Bayuaji Ridho
Published: January 2016

For many years, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is used in oil well cementing operation. But the OPC gets degraded in the acidic environment because of having poor mechanical characteristics. A new technology called geopolymeric cement system is developed from the secondary byproducts of the industry to replace the conventional cement slurry in oil well cementing operation. This study focus on the preparation of cement slurry with new formulation using fly ash and alkali binders at two sodium hydroxide treatment methods with various concentrations of NaOH solution and analyzing the prepared cement slurry for compressive strength, defiance to acid and fluid loss amount. Different cement slurry compositions made of 70:30 fly ash to alkaline activator ratios with 10, 12, 14 Molar NaOH solution with two sodium hydroxide treatment methods of direct addition and mixing after one day soaking of NaOH were prepared and cured for 24 hours at a temperature of 80°C and pressure 3000 psi. The obtained cement specimens were tested for compressive strength, resistance towards acid and density. Then based on the results, geopolymer can be considered as alternative for Class G cement in oil well cementing operation due to its high compressive strength and high acid resistance.
Effect of Microwave Curing to the Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Mortar
Authors: Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa , Mohd Tahir Muhammad Faheem , Hussin Kamarudin , Binhussain Mohammed , Ekaputri Januarti Jaya
Published: January 2016

With the advancement of technology and the economic crisis in Malaysia, has been promoting the development of infrastructure in the use of new structural materials but overall is unsatisfactory in terms of cost savings. One of the alternatives that can be used is to use fly ash as a cement replacement in manufacturing mortar. Replacement of cement with geopolymerization mortar can reduce manufacturing costs and could reduce global warming arising from the production of cement for the production of Portland cement for the release of CO2 into the atmosphere, where CO2 gas gives the largest contribution to global warming .
The study will be focused on the effect of microwave curing with various durations and temperature to the mechanical and physical properties of fly ash based geopolymer mortar. For the conventional heating technique, heat is distributed in the specimen from the exterior to the interior leading to the non-uniform and long heating period to attain the required temperature. Application of microwave to the fresh concrete results in removal of water, collapse of capillary pore and densification of sample. Heat curing has been applied to construction materials especially for the precast concrete to improve the strength development process. This concrete attains sufficient strength in short curing time, so the molds can be reused, and the final products can be rapidly delivered to the site. The effect of curing temperature together with their aging days of the cured product will also be investigated. Mechanical properties of the product will be tested using compressive test, and density of the samples.
Compressive Properties of White Clay Based Geopolymer Filled Epoxy Composite
Authors: Daud Yusrina Mat , Hussin Kamarudin , Ghazali Che Mohd Ruzaidi , Osman Azlin Fazlina , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa , bin Hussain Mohammed
Published: January 2016

In this study, the mechanical behavior of white clay based geopolymer filled epoxy composites was studied through compressive test. The morphology of white clay based geopolymer and origin was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A series of epoxy composites with various white clay based geopolymer filler loadings varying from 0 to 7phr of was prepared. The assessments showed the presence of white clay based geopolymer in the composite system has improved the compressive properties of the epoxy. This indicated the potential of epoxy / white clay based geopolymer composites in structural applications.
The Use of Fermipan in the Production of Lightweight Geopolymer as an Environmentally Friendly and Fire-Resistant Concrete
Authors: Irfanita Resky , Ansar Asnaeni , Armayani M. , Subaer
Published: January 2016

This study aims at optimizing the utilization of fly ash (FA), rice husk ash (RHA), and fermipan for the production of lightweight environmentally friendly and fire-resistant geopolymer concrete. The geopolymer concretes were synthesized by alkaline activation method of FA added with RHA as light aggregate and fermipan as forming pores. The lowest density (1.55 g/cm3) of produced concrete was achieved with the addition of 26% of RHA and 6% of fermipan relative to the mass of FA. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) indicates the formation of a new phase resulted from the reaction between fermipan and other oxides. The morphology of lightweight geopolymer was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It was found that the matrix of the material consists of high volume of pores due to the inclusion of fermipan. The compressive strength of the lowest density sample was 16.56 MPa and fire resistance testing showed that this material was able to withstand temperature as a high as 1200°C.
Chemical control in forest pest management
Authors: Holmes Stephen B. , MacQuarrie Chris J.K.
Published: January 2016

Chemical insecticides have been an important tool in the management of forest insect pests in Canadian forests. Aerial application of insecticides began in the 1920s and expanded greatly after World War II with the widespread adoption of DDT primarily for the suppression of spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferanaClemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and other defoliating insects. Significant progress was made in the development of new chemical insecticides and formulations including fenitrothion and tebufenozide, as well as technology for the application of insecticides against various insect pests. However, widespread opposition to the use of chemical insecticides in forest management has led to significant reductions in the number of insecticides registered for use in Canadian forests. Developments in the past 20 years have focussed on new insecticides, formulations, and technologies that seek to limit the impacts on non-target organisms and subsequent ecosystem effects. These developments have resulted in significant improvements in the management of traditional management targets, such as the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana(Clemens); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) but also the management of invasive species, especially wood-boring beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae, Cerambycidae).
The comparative evaluation of apoptosis produced by leuprolide or orchiectomy on rat prostate tissue
Authors: Cakiroglu Basri , Hazar Aydin Ismet , Eyyupoglu Seyit Erkan , Can Balci Mustafa Bahadir , Sinanoglu Orhun , Tuzlali Pinar
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Organisms are constantly in a balance meaning that while new cells are produced, some of the older ones die which takes place in 2 ways: necrosis or apoptosis. Apoptosis is the programmed cellular death triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli. In this study we have evaluated the apoptosis of prostate tissue generated by surgical or medical orchiectomy. Material and Method: In this experimental study, we used 36 adult male rats that were evaluated in 3 groups. The first group (Group 1) consisted of 12 rats that had bilateral orchiectomy; the second group (Group 2) included 12 rats that were given leuprolide acetate and the third group (Group 3) consisted of 12 control rats. Immunohistochemical staining of the prostate of all rats was performed and the presence of glandular atrophy and apoptosis were evaluated in the three groups. The statistical differences between the two groups were evaluated by the Fisher exact test. Results: Glandular atrophy was not determined in any rat of the control group, and the apoptotic staining was in the normal limits in all the control rats. In Leuprolide group, glandular atrophy was mild in 7 cases, and moderate in 3 rats. In 2 rats of the Leuprolide group, atrophy was not demonstrated. In surgical orchiectomy group, glandular atrophy was present in all cases. Atrophy was observed as cystic atrophy. Statistical analysis with the Fisher exact test revealed that glandular atrophy was statistically significantly more common in surgical orchiectomy group compared with Leuprolide group (p = 0,012). Conclusion: If the aim of treatment in androgen dependent prostatic adenocarcinoma or benign prostate hypertrophy is the construction of a robust apoptosis, bilateral orchiectomy generates a more powerful apoptosis compared with Leuprolide.
Comparison of efficacy of laser lithotripter with ultrasonic lithotripter in mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Akbulut Fatih , Kucuktopcu Onur , Kandemir Emre , Sonmezay Erkan , Simsek Abdulmuttalip , Ucpinar Burak , Ozgor Faruk , Gurbuz Gokhan
Published: January 2016

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of the laser lithotripter with the ultrasonic lithotripter in mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (miniperc). Material and Methods: From June 2013 to January 2014; medical records of 77 consecutive patients who underwent miniperc operation were retrospectively evaluated. Ultrasonic lithotripter was used in 22 patients (Group 1), while laser was used in 55 patients. In the laser group, 22 patients were randomly selected who had same characteristics compared to group 1 (Group 2). Success rate, total operative time, complications according to modified Clavien classification, fluoroscopy time, haemoglobin drop, hospital stays and cost analysis were assessed. Success rates were evaluated on the second postoperative day and after the first month. Results: Total operative time (p = 0.635) and fluoroscopy time (p = 0.248) were not significantly different between the two groups. In the laser group, the success rate (81.8%) was notably more than in the ultrasonic lithotripter group (68.2%) but there was no statistically significance (p = 0.296). Ten reusable ultrasonic probe were used for 22 patients, due to thinness and sensitiveness of the probe. Conversely, one single laser fiber (550 micron) was used for 22 patients. When the cost analysis of lithotripsy was considered, the cost per case was 190 dollar in group 1 and 124 dollar in group 2. (p = 0.154) Complication rate, hospital stay and haemoglobin drop were similar in both groups. Conclusion: Laser lithotripsy seems to be more cost effective than ultrasonic lithotripsy for miniperc but larger number of patients are required to confirm this estimation.
Incidence of bacterial colonisation after indwelling of double-J ureteral stent
Authors: Aydin Hasan Riza , Irkilata Lokman , Aydin Mustafa , Gorgun Selim , Demirel Hüseyin Cihan , Adanur Senol , Keles Mevlüt , Atilla Aynur , Atilla Mustafa Kemal
Published: January 2016

Objective: To determine the bacterial colonisation after double-J stent use and the risk factors for bacteriuria linked to the stent. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 patients (61 men and 41 women, mean age 47.5 ± 14.16) were examined. The stents were removed under aseptic conditions, and a urine culture was obtained before the removal of the stents. After the stents were removed, the upper, central and lower sections were separated, and washing water was sent through the stent. Results: Bacterial colonisation was found in 29.4% (30 of 102) of the stents. The most frequently observed microorganisms were determined as staphylococcus, coagulase negative (8 of 30) and E. coli (5 of 30). The washing fluid used to clean the interior of the catheter produced pathogens in 8 patients (7.8%), and these pathogens were observed to be the same microorganisms that colonised the outside of the stent. There was no statistical difference between the patients with colonisation and those without in terms of age, gender, duration of stenting and reason for stent insertion. Conclusions: Though stent colonisation does not always entail symptomatic urinary tract infections, as shown in our study, the pathogens in the urine culture are the same as those colonising the stent, confirming the reality that colonisation is the main factor in these events. Additionally, according to our study, significant colonisation may be found in the first 3 weeks, contrary to the literature, causing us to consider that urinary tract infections may develop even in the early period.
The effectiveness of local steroid injection after internal urethrotomy to avoid recurrence
Authors: Yıldırım Mehmet Erol , Kaynar Mehmet , Ozyuvali Ekrem , Badem Huseyin , Cakmak Muzaffer , Kosem Bahadir , Cimentepe Ersin
Published: January 2016

Objective: Local steroid injection to the stricture region after internal urethrotomy (IU) is a promising technique to avoid the recurrence, although the effectiveness and safety of this technique is still controversial. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of local steroids as applied with the IU procedure. Material-Method: A total of 83 patients data with urethral stricture in men were examined retrospectively. Patients classified in two groups who had steroid injection with internal urethrotomy or not. Metil prednisolone 40 mg was injected with transurethral injection needle in the stricture region at the 5, 7 and 12 o’clock sites at the same session with internal urethrotomy. Procedure was considered successful if patient did not report any voiding difficulty and maximum flow rate > 15 mL/second for a voided volume of at least 150 mL after removal of the catheter. Patient’s age, time to recurrence, previous recurrences were evaluated. Results: The mean age was 56.4 (18-83) years. Of those patients 33/83 had recurrent stenosis. Nineteen out of these 33 recurrent stenosis patients were treated with local steroid injection and 14/33 had no injection. Only two patients of the steroid treated group had recurrence. Despite that 12 patients had recurrence in the steroid non-treated group. Also the primary stenosis patients showed no recurrence at the steroid+ IU group. Conclusions: The use of local steroids with IU seems to decrease the high stricture recurrence rate following IU. When local steroids were administered with complementary intention, the disease control outcomes are encouraging. Further robust comparative effectiveness studies are now required.
Ultrasound evaluation of the striated urethral sphincter as a predictive parameter of urinary continence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Dell’Atti Lucio
Published: January 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate preoperatively the results of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in the detection of morphological, vascularization status of urethral rhabdosphincter (RS) and evaluate the correlation with urinary continence after radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: 211 patients who underwent RP were prospectively studied using TRUS scan of the RS thickness. At the end of the examination a study was performed with the use of colour-Doppler for the assessment of the RS vascularity pattern. The level of continence was graded on a 5 point scale as: 1 = complete continence, 2 = 1 pad daily, 3 = 2-3 pads daily, 4 = 4 or more pads daily, and 5 = complete incontinence. Results: It was possible to visualize the rhabdosphincter and its vascularity in all patients. Patients with normal continence (level 1 and 2) showed a sphincter-muscle thickness of 3.5 mm (± 0.4) and a hypoechoic ultrasound pattern. With respect to the other levels 3, 4 and 5 of urinary incontinence RS thickness was 2.8 mm (± 0.5), 2.1 mm (± 0.6), 1.7 (± 0.7) respectively. Incontinence after RP (≥ 3 level) was associated with urethral sphincter deficiency in the great majority of patients. Statistical significant differences were observed in the vascularity between continent and incontinent men in all measured vascularity variables (p < 0.005). Conclusions: This study suggests that RS integrity is a good predictor of urinary continence after RP and this information can be important during the preoperative phase as part of the informed consent.
Intraoperative presentation of Bochdalek’s hernia in an adult during robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy: An uncommon situation and literature review
Authors: Cindolo Luca , Berardinelli Francesco , Manzi Arianna , Spagnuolo Francesca , Fabbri Elisa , Castellan Pietro , Petrini Flavia , Schips Luigi
Published: January 2016

Bochdalek's diaphragmatic hernia (BDH) is a congenital defect of the diaphragm that usually present during the neonatal period and rarely remain silent until adulthood. We present a 45-year-old-female case with diagnosis of double left kidney tumor prepared for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN). During the preoperative procedure she had a reduction of inspiratory volumes and increased pulmonary pressures: the robotic camera revealed the incidental presence of the left diaphragmatic defect. We report a simultaneous nephron sparing surgery (NSS) and left posterolateral BDH correction done by the da Vinci Surgical Robot (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA).
Endobronchial Nocardiosis associated with Broncholithiasis
Authors: Tam W.O. , Wong C.F. , Wong P.C.
Published: January 2016

Pulmonary nocardiosis is a rare respiratory infection which commonly affects immunocompromised patients but also in immunocompetent hosts. The clinical manifestation is variable and endobronchial nocardiosis is a very rare condition. We report a case of endobronchial nocardiosis associated with the presence of a broncholith. The pathogenesis and the treatment of this condition are discussed below.
Carbon dioxide rebreathing in non-invasive ventilation. Analysis of masks, expiratory ports and ventilatory modes
Authors: Samolski D. , Calaf N. , Güell R. , Casan P. , Antón A.
Published: January 2016

Background and Aim. Carbon dioxide (CO2) rebreathing is a complication of non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Our objectives were to evaluate the ability of masks with exhaust vents (EV) to avoid rebreathing while using positive pressure (PP) NIV with different levels of expiratory pressure (EPAP). Concerning volume-cycled NIV, we aimed to determine whether cylindrical spacers located in the circuit generate rebreathing. Materials and methods. 5 healthy volunteers were evaluated. Bi-level PP was used with 3 nasal and 2 facial masks with and without EV. Spacers of increasing volume attached to nasal hermetic masks were evaluated with volume NIV. Inspired CO2 fraction was analyzed. Results. Rebreathing was zero with all nasal masks and EPAP levels. Using facial masks 1 volunteer showed rebreathing. There was no rebreathing while using all the spacers. Conclusions. In healthy volunteers, nasal and facial masks with EV prevent rebreathing. In addition, the use of spacers did not generate this undesirable phenomenon.
Treatment of iatrogenic and traumatic tracheal disruptions
Authors: Leoncini G. , Iurilli L. , Boni L. , Blanco G. , De Bellis P. , Catrambone G.
Published: January 2016

Background and aim. The optimal management of tracheal disruptions is still controversial. It is usually postulated that lesions wider than 1 or 2 centimetres and/or lesions of full-thickness should be treated by surgery at an early stage. Such a statement is not supported by any proven evidence. On the contrary, the conservative management of such injuries has also produced very good results according to recent reports. The aim of this study is to investigate whether conservative treatment can be safely used for wide tracheal lacerations and to assess any possible association between clinical features and modality of treatment. Methods. Records of all patients with iatrogenic and traumatic tracheal disruptions observed between January 1992 and December 2006 were collected and retrospectively reviewed. Data regarding mechanism of injury, clinical and morphological features and modalities of treatment were registered. All possible associations between clinical features and modalities of treatment were investigated. Results. 23 patients were observed overall. There were 6 males and 17 females with a median age of 58 years (range 20-84 yrs). 15 patients had undergone single tube intubation. One patient had his trachea injured during an esophagectomy. Ruptures were secondary to blunt (n=5) and open (n=2) trauma in 7 patients. Lesions varied in length between 1 and 7 centimetres (median length 3 centimetres) and all were full-thickness. The time interval until diagnosis varied between 0 and 72 hours (median 6 hours). Respiratory failure was evident in 7 patients. 16 patients (69.5%) with lacerations ranging in length between 1 and 5.5 centimetres (median length 2.75 cm) underwent conservative treatment. Seven patients (30.5%) underwent surgery. The follow up was completed for 16 patients and varied between 15 and 105 months (median 22.5). One patient died after surgical treatment. No mortality or late major sequelae were registered after conservative treatment. Female sex, absence of respiratory failure and delayed diagnosis was associated with the conservative treatment. Conclusions. Conservative treatment can play a major role even in cases of wide tracheal lacerations. Clinical rather than morphological features should be regarded as main criteria for treatment. The conservative treatment is particularly indicated in the case of stable respiratory parameters independent of the size and the depth of the lesion.
Sex and gender differences in tobacco smoking among adolescents in French secondary schools
Authors: Kalaboka S. , Piau J.P. , King G. , Moreau D. , Choquet M. , Annesi-Maesano I.
Published: January 2016

Aim. We investigated the relationship between sex (genetic/biological) and gender (environmental/ cultural) factors in relation to adolescent tobacco smoking. Methods. A representative sample of 11,582 students from French secondary public schools participated in the study by completing a self-administered, standardised questionnaire. Results. Using the WHO classification for smoking in the youth, 15.6% of the adolescents were regular smokers, 7.7% occasional smokers, 17.9% experimental smokers and 4.8% ex-smokers, with no statistically significant gender difference. Taking non-smoking as a reference, puberty had a much greater effect on the likelihood of being a regular smoker [OR=18.0 (95% Confidence Interval: 9.6- 32)] than of being an experimental/occasional smoker [OR=3.7 (2.9-4.6)] among girls. For boys, the effect of puberty was not as great [OR=4.7 (3.5-6.5)] for regular vs. [OR=2.1 (1.8-2.5)] for experimental/occasional smokers). Similarly, illicit drug use had a larger effect on the likelihood of being regular smoker vs. non-smoker [OR=15.0 (12.0-20.0) in boys and 12 (8.8-16.0) in girls] than of being experimental/occasional smoker vs. a non-smoker [OR=4.8 (3.7-6.1) and 2.9 (2.1-3.9) respectively]. Other factors related to regular smoking were exposure to passive smoking and regular alcohol consumption. Living with both parents was a protective factor for life and regular smoking in both genders. Conclusions. Our results show that influential factors of sex-related (puberty), gender-specific (environmental tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, drug abuse) or sex/gender (regular sexual intercourse) are related to the smoking behaviour in French adolescents.
The extracellular matrix of the lung and airway responsiveness in asthma
Authors: Salerno F.G. , Foschino Barbaro M.P. , Toungoussova O. , Carpagnano E. , Guido P. , Spanevello A.
Published: January 2016

The extracellular matrix is the main determinant of the structure and of mechanical behaviour of the lung. The extracellular matrix is also responsible for the mechanical interdependence between airway and parenchyma due to the alveolar attachments to the airways. Asthma is characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness, airway remodelling and inflammation, and an altered extracellular matrix may play a role in all these functional and structural abnormalities. The excessive airway narrowing observed in asthma may be related to the altered viscoelastic properties of lung parenchyma and airway wall, determining a decrease in the mechanical load opposing the airways’ smooth muscle contraction. Indeed, an altered extracellular matrix deposition in asthma in humans, has been demonstrated. In addition, in the asthmatic lung, the matrix seems to contribute to airway inflammation, airway remodelling, and to those alterations of the smooth muscle function of the airway and morphology typical of asthma.
Gestão Social e Governing the Commons: a Cooperação como Elo de Convergência
Authors: Rabelo Pereira Juliana , De Souza Cabral Eloisa Helena , Pereira José Roberto
Published: January 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a cooperação como atributo valorativo e como um elo de convergência entre a abordagem de Elinor Ostrom e os estudos acerca dos temas da gestão social. Considerando-se o fato de serem recentes as contribuições de Ostrom, ressalta-se a importância de seu trabalho e do rol de possibilidades que ele oferece para a compreensão do autogoverno no âmbito teórico da gestão social. Para tal, uma revisão de literatura foi realizada acerca das considerações e aportes teóricos relacionados aos temas. Assim, são destacados aspectos essenciais da cooperação nos propósitos da gestão social e nos estudos de Elinor Ostrom sobre formas de ação coletiva. Em seguida, são comparados aspectos relevantes entre a gestão social e a abordagem neoinstitucionalista - da qual a autora faz parte -, enfatizando-se os quadros conceituais teóricos, os limites e as possibilidades de convergência.