bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thawing of permafrost soils under the water intake facility (the Taas-Yurekh river, Yakutia, Russia)
Authors: Fomenko Igor , Shubina Daria , Gorobtsov Denis , Sirotkina Olga
Published: December 2019

Infrastructure development and oil field exploitation are facing great difficulties. This is caused by the engineering geological conditions changing and transformation of the upper part of the section due to the anthropogenic influence. The article contains the results of researching permafrost soils conditions in the bucket-type water intake facility foundation near the Taas-Yurekh River, Yakutia, Russia (the eastern block of Srednebotuobinskoye oil/gas-condensate field). As a result of the research area engineering geological conditions analysis, the geotechnical scheme was constructed, and on the base of it the soils thawing depth mathematical modelling due to the water heating influence was performed. The soils thawing depth calculation due to the heating of the water in the reservoir was performed with the TEMP/W software of GeoStudio, which is based on the finite element method. The forecast for the end of the facility lifetime was based on the temperature measurements in the reservoir and the soil surface. The calculations results show that the maximum thawing depth due to the water heating influence will be 36 meters with the lower border temperature of -1°C, and it decreases to 16 meters with -10°C lower border temperature.
Application of new architectural and planning solutions to create an ecological city (on the example of Shanghai, China)
Authors: Van Shanshan , Cheremisin Alexey , Glinushkin Alexey , Krasnoshchekov Victor , Davydov Roman , Yushkova Victoria
Published: December 2019

This article represents the results of research on improvement of the Shanghai micro-district with the use of selected eco-friendly architectural and planning solutions and identification of the main ways to solve the problem of eco-urban development in Shanghai which are the following: land management, population management, clean energy sources and “green” consumption. Research is based on analysis and calculations on main trends of the theory and practical experience of construction of eco-cities in China and in the world.
Intensification of melioration through decreasing maintenance load on irrigation canals
Authors: Abdrazakov F.K , Rukavishnikov A.A. , Povarov A.V. , Trushin Y.E.
Published: December 2019

The article presents current problems of irrigation canals. We list research methods while specifying the methods and work processes used. We have schematically depicted and theoretically described the necessary operations for the construction, reconstruction and repair of irrigation canals. Additionally, we have substantiated the economic losses arising from using concrete facing materials, and proposed modern facing materials designed to solve the main issues of irrigation canals. The article demonstrates the results of work on laying concrete canvas and geosynthetic materials. We have described and clearly classified the proposed facing materials and systemically listed advantages and disadvantages of modern facing materials compared to standard concrete canvas. On the basis of the study, the technological intensification of melioration was presented by reducing the construction and maintenance load on irrigation canals. We have theoretically and visibly demonstrated the efficiency of proposed materials and mathematically proven the intensification of melioration by reducing the maintenance load on irrigation canals. The findings indicate that the use of the proposed materials should increase the performance of irrigation grids, as well as reduce the maintenance load on them.
Study of Significant Factors Affecting Construction Productivity Using Relative Importance Index in Indian Construction Industry
Authors: Dixit Saurav , Mandal Satya N , Thanikal Joseph V , Saurabh Kinshuk
Published: December 2019

The construction industry of India is the second-largest contributor to the GDP and provides employment to a large population in the country. Its contribution to the GDP is about 8-10% on an average in the last decade. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the significant factors affecting construction productivity using relative importance index method with a special focus on the Indian construction industry. A structured questionnaire survey method is used to collect the data from the primary stakeholders of the Indian construction industry including but not limited to consultants, architects, civil contractor, developer, PMC, and academia people. Total of 201 valid responses were received with a response rate of 32%. The value of reliability analysis is above 0.95, which is considered highly reliable for data-based studies. The findings of the study provide a ranking of factors affecting construction productivity. Most significant factors affecting construction productivity are availability of resources, contractual disputes, scope clarity of the project, design capability, and frequent design changes having the value on relative importance index scale 0.801, 0.799, 0.790, 0.785, and 0.776 respectively. This research paper concludes that the productivity can be achieved by changing the work culture and reviewing the management process for execution. Which suggests the implementation of best practices and motivation towards achieving the goal of having higher productivity by looking at the factor and analyzing how to promote productivity improvement.
Efficiency of using heat pumps with various refrigerants in real steam turbine power units with PT-80 and T-250 turbines
Authors: Sergeyev Vitaliy , Anikina Irina , Kalmykov Konstantin , Naletov Ivan
Published: December 2019

Prospects for increasing the efficiency of heat and electric energy-generation and heat-and-power supply at thermal power plants obviously draw attention to such modern and innovative technologies as heat pumps. Heat pumps allow efficient redistribution of energy flows. The abundance of low-potential heat carriers and heat sources in the cycle arrangement of the thermal power plants operation requires modernization of production and increase of the fuel heat utilization factor, therefore, reduction of specific fuel consumption for the production of heat and electricity. This paper analyzes the influence and practicability of introducing heat pumps into the heating circuit of the return water of the heat network of power units with PT-80 and T-250 turbines. Heat pumps of various configurations provide invariant energy conversion factor and efficiency. To assess energy and economic efficiency, modeling of the operation of power units and calculation of heat pump circuits for various refrigerants are performed. The economic effect is represented in quarterly cash savings of operating costs.
Operation modes and control algorithms of anisotropic permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM)
Authors: Lutonin Aleksandr , Shklyarskiy Andrey , Shklyarskiy Yaroslav
Published: December 2019

This paper represents control strategy of anisotropic permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) in the field-weakening region. Field weakening controller allows to increase maximum achievable speed with output torque reduction. Proposed control system consists of four general modes: MTPA (maximum torque per ampere), MC (maximum current), FW (field weakening), and MTPV (maximum torque per voltage) which must be chosen accordingly to motor speed, current and torque references. Operation point is found as an intersection of torque hyperbola and voltage ellipse curves in d-q motor’s current reference frame involving motor parameters’ limits. However, due to nonlinear dependence between torque and voltage equations, it is quite complicated to obtain both right control mode selection and reference output calculation. In order to solve this problem, a unified control algorithm adopted for wide speed and torque reference with online constraints calculation is proposed. Matlab/Simulink control model of PMSM motor and control system were designed in order to show developed strategy performance. Simulation results shows increasing of speed limit by more than 2.5 times related to nominal speed with high controller’s response. However, speed limit increasing leads to a decrease in motor’s output torque. Due to this fact, presented control strategy is not suitable for applications where nominal torque level is essential for all speed operation points.
Methodical approaches for creation of intelligent management information systems by means of energy resources of technical facilities
Authors: Safiullin Ravil , Marusin Aleksandr , Safiullin Ruslan , Ablyazov Timur
Published: December 2019

As part of the development of the digital economy both abroad and in the Russian Federation, the management of energy resources based on the use of digital technologies is one of the key tasks in improving infrastructure in order to ensure the efficient functioning of technical facilities providing the operation of capital construction projects. Currently, the spread of information and communication technologies is the basis for the development of intelligent management information systems for energy resources, which requires further theoretical and practical studies and the development of conceptually new methodological approaches to the formation of these systems. As a result of the study, the authors have identified problems in the Russian energy sector and defined methodological approaches to improving energy management systems in the functioning of intelligent buildings and structures. The result of the study is an algorithm for creation of a server center for energy consumption reduction during the operation of utilities and electrical equipment of intelligent buildings and structures, real-time monitoring of energy consumers and forecasting the energy consumption of intelligent structures and buildings (ISB), which will provide for accumulation of data necessary for optimal energy planning and will improve the soundness of management decisions.
Efficient wind energy generation within Arctic latitudes
Authors: Kryltcov Sergei , Solovev Sergei
Published: December 2019

The paper addresses approaches to increasing the efficiency of wind turbines operating in autonomous mode in Arctic regions. Such type of wind turbine operation is related to fluctuations of the generated power, that negatively affects grid power quality. The increase of wind turbines efficiency is achieved by the utilization of current reserve of power converter, which is a necessary part of megawatts-sized wind energy generation unit. The developed Simulink model of the wind turbines, built according to two of the most suitable for megawatts-level power generation topologies, was used to determine their power output depending on the wind turbine’s rotor speed and the wind speed. Obtained power profile was then used to determine the amount of free current reserve depending on the wind speed, which has verified the ability of both wind turbine topologies to efficiently improve grid power quality, therefore leading to reduction or absence of the necessity to install additional power equipment for the compensation purpose.
Method for Calculating the Capacity of Solar Power Plants and its Implementation in LabVIEW Environment
Authors: Okhotkin Grigory , Serebryannikov Alexander , Zakharov Valery , Chumarov Sergey
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the method for calculating the capacity of an autonomous solar power plant and its components. This method allows considering a load variation during the day as well as specifying the required capacity of the battery and excluding an unjustified overestimation of the power plant component capacities along with the increase in efficiency of the autonomous solar power plant. Formula for determining the required battery capacity of an autonomous solar power plant could be easily generalized for any number of changes in the load schedule steps. Virtual instruments (calculators) for calculating the capacity of an autonomous solar power plant and its components have been developed on the basis of this method in LabVIEW environment. These calculators may have a rather high visibility, ease of use and low memory requirements along with less computing time spent on calculations. The first calculator may allow recalculating capacities of loads on the power plant main supply bus as well as determining the energy consumption of loads per day. The second calculator may be used for determining the required capacity and number of batteries as well as the capacity of the charger, inverters, main supply bus and solar modules along with the solar power plant efficiency.
Study of the Operation of Solar Modules Using Holographic Thermal Protection
Authors: Kirpichnikova Irina , Makhsumov Ilkhom , Madiyar Zhenis , Abdulloev Ilkhom , Boboev Khurshedshoh , Shohnazarov Parviz
Published: December 2019

This paper explores the problem of overheating of solar modules as a result of exposure to sunlight. An increase in temperature above the standard leads to the degradation of solar modules and their premature decommissioning. Cooling the working surface is a key factor that must be considered in order to achieve higher efficiency in the operation of solar photovoltaic systems. Based on the considered methods of cooling and removing excess heat from the surfaces of the modules, an inexpensive and technologically advanced method for protecting solar modules from overheating using holographic films was proposed. The article presents the results of comparative laboratory tests of solar modules using such a holographic thermal protection. It is shown that when using a film, the SM performance does not change, and in some cases even gets better. The surface temperature of the module depends on the angle of its inclination to the horizon, which must be taken into account when choosing the location of installation of solar power plants. The experiments confirmed the assumption of effective protection of the modules from overheating using holographic thermal protection and showed its promise.
Selbstmanagement
Authors: Leippert Claudia , Ausili Davide
Published: December 2019

Selbstfürsorge findet ganz unspektakulär bei den meisten Menschen statt. Es ist ein dynamischer, individueller Prozess, der u. a. von Alter, Geschlecht, sozioökonomischem Status und Kultur beeinflusst wird. Im gesunden Status des Menschen bedeutet dies in unserer Kultur z. B. regelmäßig zur Kariesprophylaxe zu gehen, das Gewicht zu kontrollieren, Krebsvorsorge wahrzunehmen usw. Selbstfürsorge bekommt jedoch bei Menschen mit einer chronischen Erkrankung ein anderes Gewicht und wird (zumindest primär/teilweise) in relevantem Maße von außen beeinflusst und gesteuert.
Electromagnetic and mechanical characterization of a flexible coil for transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Liu Mengfei , Tuovinen Pauli H. , Kawasaki Yuta , Yedeas Mohamed Amine , Saitoh Youichi , Sekino Masaki
Published: December 2019

Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a painless and noninvasive method for treating brain disorders. The coil-geometries that match the head topologies achieve more effective stimulation, however it is difficult for a rigid coil to fit the skulls of all patients. We propose and develop a rubber-like flexible coil that can be shaped into different geometries to reduce the inter-individual variabilities in its clinical use. The main challenge is attributed to the fact that the external bending and induced Lorentzian forces cause coil deformation and fatigue. Herein, we investigated the influence of bending on the electromagnetic characteristics of the flexible coil. The magnetic field distribution was calculated and measured using a search coil. The induced Lorentzian force was calculated and the induced eddy current density was simulated using the scalar potential finite difference (SPFD) method. For a mechanical characterization, we fixed the center of the coil, and external bending forces were applied on the two wings of the coils, while Lorentzian forces were applied in a direction normal to the side wall of the wire groove. Fatigue analyses of these forces were also conducted. The results show that the eddy current density induced in the brain by the flexible coil was significantly higher compared to that of the figure-eight and butterfly coils. Fatigue analyses show that the bending force required to achieve a close coil fit on the human head and the generated Lorentzian force would not lead to fatigue problem.
Analyzing collective motion with machine learning and topology
Authors: Bhaskar Dhananjay , Manhart Angelika , Milzman Jesse , Nardini John T. , Storey Kathleen M. , Topaz Chad M. , Ziegelmeier Lori
Published: December 2019

We use topological data analysis and machine learning to study a seminal model of collective motion in biology [M. R. D’Orsogna et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 104302 (2006)]. This model describes agents interacting nonlinearly via attractive-repulsive social forces and gives rise to collective behaviors such as flocking and milling. To classify the emergent collective motion in a large library of numerical simulations and to recover model parameters from the simulation data, we apply machine learning techniques to two different types of input. First, we input time series of order parameters traditionally used in studies of collective motion. Second, we input measures based on topology that summarize the time-varying persistent homology of simulation data over multiple scales. This topological approach does not require prior knowledge of the expected patterns. For both unsupervised and supervised machine learning methods, the topological approach outperforms the one that is based on traditional order parameters.
Mixed convection flow of Oldroyd-B nano fluid with Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux model with third order slip
Authors: Ibrahim Wubshet , Sisay Gemechis , Gamachu Dachasa
Published: December 2019

This study reports the three-dimensional mixed convection flow of an Oldroyd-B nanofluid past a bidirectional stretching surface. Nonlinear partial differential equations obtained from the flow problem were converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation, and then, the numerical solutions of these ODEs with corresponding boundary conditions were obtained by employing a bvp4c solver. The effect of governing parameters on nondimensional velocity along x- and y-directions, temperature, particle concentration, local Nusselt number, and Sherwood number was presented through graphs and tables. It can be seen that the increasing values of the Brownian motion parameter Nb and thermophoresis parameter Nt lead to an increase in the temperature field and thermal boundary layer thickness, while the opposite behavior is observed for concentration field and concentration boundary layer thickness. As the Deborah number β1 increases, the concentration profile as well as concentration boundary layer thickness increase. However, the effects of β2 on the concentration profile are opposite to those of β1. An increase in δt, Pr, and α results in a decrease in temperature. It is reported that the local Nusselt number increases when β and Pr increase, whereas it decreases when λ, Nb, Nt, and Sc increase. An increase in Biot number Bi results in an increase in the Nusselt number, and an increase in Nt results in an increase in the Sherwood number. The results of the present analysis were compared with the available works in particular situations, and more agreement has been noted.
Status of high intensity proton injector for Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
Authors: Berezov Rustam , Delferriere Olivier , Fils Jerome , Gauthier Yannick , Hollinger Ralph , Knie Klaus , Kleffner Carl , Tuske Olivier
Published: December 2019

The high intensity proton injector for the international accelerator Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research located at GSI-Darmstadt in Germany consists of a pulsed 2.45 GHz microwave ion source, a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), and an electrostatic chopper matching the proton beam to the radio frequency quadrupole. The ion source is based on electron cyclotron resonance plasma production and it has to provide a proton beam at 95 keV energy and up to 100 mA current. The LEBT system with two short solenoids each including two magnetic steerers will transport the proton beam into the compact proton linac, accelerating it to the energy of 68 MeV and serving as the injector of the upgraded heavy ion synchrotron (SIS18). This paper describes the commissioning of the proton injector including beam characterization measurements that have been done at CEA/Saclay in France and is currently at the final commissioning stage.
Methyl groups matter: Photo-CIDNP characterizations of the semiquinone radicals of FMN and demethylated FMN analogs
Authors: Pompe Nils , Chen Jing , Illarionov Boris , Panter Sabrina , Fischer Markus , Bacher Adelbert , Weber Stefan
Published: December 2019

In this contribution, the relative hyperfine couplings are determined for the 1H nuclei of the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) radical in an aqueous environment. In addition, three structural analogs with different methylation patterns are characterized and the influence of the substituents at the isoalloxazine moiety on the electronic structure of the radicals is explored. By exploiting nuclear hyperpolarization generated via the photo-CIDNP (chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization) effect, it is possible to study the short-lived radical species generated by in situ light excitation. Experimental data are extracted by least-squares fitting and supported by quantum chemical calculations and published values from electron paramagnetic resonance and electron-nuclear double resonance. Furthermore, mechanistic details of the photoreaction of the investigated flavin analogs with l-tryptophan are derived from the photo-CIDNP spectra recorded at different pH values. Thereby, the neutral and anionic radicals of FMN and three structural analogs are, for the first time, characterized in terms of their electronic structure in an aqueous environment.
Low temperature electron mobility exceeding 104 cm2/V s in MOCVD grown β-Ga2O3
Authors: Alema Fikadu , Zhang Yuewei , Osinsky Andrei , Valente Nicholas , Mauze Akhil , Itoh Takeki , Speck James S.
Published: December 2019

We report on record electron mobility values measured in lightly Si doped homoepitaxial β-Ga2O3 grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The transport properties of the films were studied using temperature-dependent Hall measurements. Numerous (010) β-Ga2O3 layers grown at different conditions showed peak electron mobility exceeding 104 cm2/V s at low temperature (LT), with the highest value of 11 704 cm2/V s at 46 K. The room temperature electron mobilities of the films were between 125 cm2/V s and 160 cm2/V s with the net background charge concentration between ∼5 × 1015 cm−3 and ∼2 × 1016 cm−3. The obtained LT mobility values for β-Ga2O3 were found to be comparable to or higher than the highest LT electron mobilities in bulk SiC and GaN films in the literature. The results demonstrate the capability of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) for growing high quality ultrapure β-Ga2O3 epitaxial films that are suitable for high power electronic device applications.
Avian-botulism risk in waterbird breeding colonies and implications for environmental water management
Authors: Brandis K. J. , Spencer J. , Wolfenden B. , Palmer D.
Published: December 2019

Avian botulism poses a significant risk to waterbird health in Australian wetlands. This paralytic, often fatal, disease occurs when birds ingest a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Our current understanding of avian botulism comes largely from studies in the northern hemisphere, with many of these studies linking outbreaks of avian botulism with poor water quality. The Murray–Darling Basin provides the most important breeding habitat for colonial waterbirds in Australia, but the frequency of large-scale breeding events has declined, and waterbird populations are near record-low numbers. Avian botulism has the capacity to have significant impacts on waterbird recruitment if not managed appropriately. We propose that environmental water-management strategies that aim to maintain water quality through flow delivery to waterbird colonies could mitigate the risk of botulism outbreaks and contribute to waterbird population recovery.
Argument structure, conceptual metaphor and semantic change
Authors: Johnson Cynthia A. , Kerkhof Peter Alexander , Kulikov Leonid , Le Mair Esther , Barðdal Jóhanna
Published: December 2019

In contrast to grammaticalization studies of lexical verbs changing into auxiliaries, the realm of semantic changes associated with lexical verbs is an understudied area of historical semantics. We concentrate on the emergence of verbs of success from more semantically concrete verbs, uncovering six conceptual metaphors which all co-occur with non-canonical encoding of subjects in Indo-European. Careful scrutiny of the relevant data reveals a semantic development most certainly inherited from Indo-European; hence, we reconstruct adat-‘succeeds’ construction at different levels of schematicity for Proto-Indo-European, including a novel reconstruction of a conceptual metaphor,success is motion forward, and the mapping between this metaphor and the verb-class-specific argument structure construction. Hence, this article offers a systematic analysis of regularity in semantic change, highlighting the importance of predicate and argument structure for lexical semantic developments.
The role of frequency of use in lexical change
Authors: Wilson Fiona M. , Pappas Panayiotis A. , Mooers Arne O.
Published: December 2019

Based on the number of words per meaning across the Indo-European Swadesh list,Pagel et al. (2007)suggest that frequency of use is a general mechanism of linguistic evolution. We test this claim using within-language change. From the IDS (Key & Comrie 2015) we compiled a comparative word list of 1,147 cognate pairs for Classical Latin and Modern Spanish, and 1,231 cognate pairs for Classical and Modern Greek. We scored the amount of change for each cognate pair in the two language histories according to a novel 6-point scale reflecting increasing levels of change from regular sound change to external borrowing. We find a weak negative correlation between frequency of use and lexical change for both the Latin-Spanish and Classical-Modern Greek language developments, but post hoc tests reveal that low frequency of use of borrowed words drive these patterns, casting some doubt on frequency of use as a general mechanism of language change.
Anti‐melanogenic effects of extracellular vesicles derived from plant leaves and stems in mouse melanoma cells and human healthy skin
Authors: Lee Ruri , Ko Hae Ju , Kim Kimin , Sohn Yehjoo , Min Seo Yun , Kim Jeong Ah , Na Dokyun , Yeon Ju Hun
Published: December 2019

Consumer interest in cosmetic industry products that produce whitening effects has increased demand for agents that decrease melanin production. Many such anti‐melanogenic agents are associated with side effects, such as contact dermatitis and high toxicity, and also exhibit poor skin penetration. Considerable recent research has focused on plant‐derived products as alternatives to chemotherapeutic agents that possess fewer side effects. In the current study, we investigated the anti‐melanogenic effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) extracted from leaves and stems of Dendropanax morbifera. Using spectrophotometric and biochemical approaches, we found that leaf‐derived extracellular vesicles (LEVs) and stem‐derived extracellular vesicles (SEVs) reduced melanin content and tyrosinase (TYR) activity in the B16BL6 mouse melanoma cell line in a concentration‐dependent manner. An electron microscopy analysis further confirmed that LEVs and SEVs induce a concentration‐dependent decrease in melanin content in melanoma cells. Both LEVs and SEVs exerted a greater whitening effect on melanoma cells than arbutin, used as a positive control, with LEVs producing the greater effect. Notably, neither LEVs nor SEVs induced significant cytotoxicity. We also examined the effects of plant‐derived EVs on the expression of tyrosinase‐related proteins (TRPs) in melanoma cells. LEVs inhibited expression of melanogenesis‐related genes and proteins, including microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF), TYR, TRP‐1 and TRP‐2. In a human epidermis model, LEVs exerted a stronger inhibitory effect on melanin production than arbutin. Collectively, our data suggest that LEVs from D. morbifera may be a novel candidate natural substance for use as an anti‐melanogenic agent in cosmeceutical formulations.
Polymer powder bed fusion surface texture measurement
Authors: de Pastre Marc-Antoine , Thompson Adam , Quinsat Yann , Albajez García José A , Senin Nicola , Leach Richard
Published: December 2019

Polymer laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) surfaces can be challenging to measure. These surfaces comprise complex features including undercuts, deep recesses, step-like transitions, a large range of measurement scales and unfavourable optically materials properties. While recent research has begun to examine the nature of these surfaces, there has not yet been significant effort in understanding how different measurement instruments interact with them. In this paper, we compare the results of LPBF surface topography measurements using a series of different instrument technologies, including contact stylus, focus variation microscopy, coherence scanning interferometry, laser scanning confocal microscopy and x-ray computed tomography. Measurements are made on both side and top surfaces of a cubic polyamide-12 LPBF sample. Different instrument behaviours are highlighted through qualitative visual inspection of surface reconstructions. Further comparisons are then performed through evaluation of profile and areal surface texture parameters and statistical modelling of surface topographies. These analyses allow for the identification both of discrepancies between texture parameters and discrepancies between local topographies reconstructed from measurements. Instrument repeatability metrics are also presented for each measurement of the test surfaces. Results show that discrepancies in measurements made on the acquired datasets are often similar in magnitude to the size of the features present on the surfaces. Conclusions are drawn regarding the suitability of various surface measurement instruments for polymer LPBF surfaces.
Dissipation controls transport and phase transitions in active fluids: mobility, diffusion and biased ensembles
Authors: Fodor Étienne , Nemoto Takahiro , Vaikuntanathan Suriyanarayanan
Published: December 2019

Active fluids operate by constantly dissipating energy at the particle level to perform a directed motion, yielding dynamics and phases without any equilibrium equivalent. The emerging behaviors have been studied extensively, yet deciphering how local energy fluxes control the collective phenomena is still largely an open challenge. We provide generic relations between the activity-induced dissipation and the transport properties of an internal tracer. By exploiting a mapping between active fluctuations and disordered driving, our results reveal how the local dissipation, at the basis of self-propulsion, constrains internal transport by reducing the mobility and the diffusion of particles. Then, we employ techniques of large deviations to investigate how interactions are affected when varying dissipation. This leads us to shed light on a microscopic mechanism to promote clustering at low dissipation, and we also show the existence of collective motion at high dissipation. Overall, these results illustrate how tuning dissipation provides an alternative route to phase transitions in active fluids.
Theoretical investigations of collision dynamics of cytosine by low-energy (150–1000 eV) proton impact*
Authors: Wang Zhi-Ping , Zhang Feng-Shou , Xu Xue-Fen , Qian Chao-Yi
Published: December 2019

Using a real-space real-time implementation of time-dependent density functional theory coupled to molecular dynamics (TDDFT-MD) nonadiabatically, we theoretically study both static properties and collision process of cytosine by 150–1000 eV proton impact in the microscopic way. The calculated ground state of cytosine accords well with experiments. It is found that proton is scattered in any case in the present study. The bond break of cytosine occurs when the energy loss of proton is larger than 22 eV and the main dissociation pathway of cytosine is the breaks of C1N2 and N8H10. In the range of 150 eV ≤ E
k ≤ 360 eV, when the incident energy of proton increases, the excitation becomes more violent even though the interaction time is shortened. While in the range of 360 eV < E
k ≤ 1000 eV, the excitation becomes less violent as the incident energy of proton increases, indicating that the interaction time dominates mainly. We also show two typical collision reaction channels by analyzing the molecular ionization, the electronic density evolution, the energy loss of proton, the vibration frequency and the scattering pattern detailedly. The result shows that the loss of electrons can decrease the bond lengths of C3N8 and C5N6 while increase the bond lengths of C4H11, C5H12 and C4C5 after the collision. Furthermore, it is found that the peak of the scattering angle shows a little redshift when compared to that of the loss of kinetic energy of proton.
Theoretical analysis of the coupling between Feshbach states and hyperfine excited states in the creation of 23Na40K molecule*
Authors: Liu Ya-Xiong , Zhao Bo
Published: December 2019

We present an intensive study of the coupling between different Feshbach states and the hyperfine levels of the excited states in the adiabatic creation of 23Na40K ground-state molecules. We use coupled-channel method to calculate the wave function of the Feshbach molecules, and give the short-range wave function of triplet component. The energies of the hyperfine excited states and the coupling strength between the Feshbach states and the hyperfine excited states are calculated. Our results can be used to prepare a specific hyperfine level of the rovibrational ground state to study the ultracold collisions involving molecules.
Attosecond pulse trains driven by IR pulses spectrally broadened via supercontinuum generation in solid thin plates*
Authors: Jiang Yu-Jiao , Liang Yue-Ying , Gao Yi-Tan , Zhao Kun , Xu Si-Yuan , Wang Ji , He Xin-Kui , Teng Hao , Zhu Jiang-Feng , Chen Yun-Lin , Wei Zhi-Yi
Published: December 2019

We utilized a set of fused silica thin plates to broaden the spectrum of 1 kHz, 30 fs Ti:sapphire amplified laser pulses to an octave. Following the compression by chirped mirror pairs, the generated few-cycle pulses were focused onto an argon filled gas cell. We detected high order harmonics corresponding to a train of 209 as pulses, characterized by the reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transition (RABITT) technique. Compared with the conventional attosecond pulse trains, the broad harmonics in such pulse trains cover more energy range, so it is more efficient in studying some typical cases, such as resonances, with frequency resolved RABITT. As the solid thin plates can support high power supercontinuum generation, it is feasible to tailor the spectrum to have different central wavelength and spectral width, which will make the RABITT source work in different applications.
Effect of LED Wavelengths and Light-Dark Cycle on Photosynthetic Production of Chlorella Kessleri for Algae-Based Biosensor Optimization
Authors: Wati Agustina , Rusva Reyhan , Umar Lazuardi
Published: December 2019

Observation of cell culture with a micro sensor system for biomedical application in measuring chemical, biological and physical parameters are widely used to evaluate cell metabolism respiration. Cellular respiration depicts the energy formation and molecules in the form of dissolved oxygen (pO2) level needed in the photosynthesis process. This paper presents the observation of pO2 level produced from the algae chlorella kessleri influenced by LED light source at wavelength of 480 nm (blue) and 650 nm (red). It aims to show the relationship between photosynthesis production activities to the signals produced by each condition for biosensor optimization. Artificial light settings consist of light-dark cycle to simulate a day light period in producing chlorophyll and night period as a time of relaxation. Sample of 150μL chlorella kessleri with density 1.4·106 cell/ml is immobilized in biochip-C and stimulate with two difference wavelength light sources for 30 minutes period ON/OFF. The result shows that the red light has 18% pO2 level higher than blue light since the algae is sensitive to the red light and absorbed more energy to produce chlorophyll.
Design and Operation of Distribution Model for Electrical Potential Differences in Palm Trees
Authors: Defrianto  , Saktioto  , Izzah R F , Syahputra R F , Suhardi  , Anita S , Irawan D , Okfalisa
Published: December 2019

Efforts to optimize palm tree production continue to grow. Various scientific disciplines such as Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture have shown good results. But from Physics aspect, especially electricity is still not taken into account, while consideration of the need for electrical treatment has developed in other plants that can contribute to its production. Similarly, oil palm plants also need to be optimized by electricity treatment. In the initial stage, this article modelled the arbitrary distribution of the oil potential difference of oil palm trees designed and operated numerically through Poisson equations. The result shows a near-ideal condition with homogeneous permittivity and charge, where the electrical potential gradient is very large in the midrib part, while at the end of the midrib it is nearly to zero. The electric flow of ions is very strong moving on the midrib and a little one on the midrib. This ideal simulation requires be continuing experimentally and comparing for palm oil data as well as non-linear electrical parameters.
Interpretation of Slip Surface and Weathered Layer Using the Geoelectric Method with Dipole-Dipole Configuration (Case Study of Ulu Kasok Hill, Kampar Regency)
Authors: Radil Muhammad , Muhammad Juandi , Rini Ari Sulistyo , Islami Nur
Published: December 2019

Ulu Kasok Hill is a famous tourist attraction called Raja Empat, Kampar Regency. This peak is not only visited by visitors but vehicles such as motorbikes and cars also go up to the top. Survey of resistivity geoelectricity is one of the geophysical methods in investigating slip surface and weathered layers to determine the potential of land movement (landslides). The dipole-dipole configuration method describes the shape of the slip surface, the type and depth of the weathered layer in two dimensions. The 68 meter cross section with 2 meter electrode spacing illustrates the subsurface layer on 4 different trajectories. Interpretation of the results of the study on each path shows that the slip surface are clays (Dry) to mudrock with resistivity ranging from 101 Ωm - 208 Ωm and the type of weathered layer is soil until the clay sand is found in a depth range of 0.342 meters - 5, 41 meters. The results showed that trajectory 3 has the largest weathered layer thickness.
Comparative Study of Vibration Signal Processing on Pipe Leak Case
Authors: Anderiansyah  , Miasa I Made
Published: December 2019

This article proposes a model for a real-time monitoring system capable of identifying the occurrence of single event leak in pressurized water pipelines. The model utilizes two accelerometers which are installed on upstream and downstream of the leak. Experiments are conducted on an inch PVC pipeline and the vibration signal results are displayed and recorded into laptop with installed software. The vibration signal derived from each accelerometer are assessed and analysed by Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) and Cross-Power Spectral Density (CPSD). The results indicate that by using this method, leak can be identified while the sensor’s positioning can be vital in leak detection.
The Development of Physics Education Problem Based Learning Web as Physics Learning Media for Vocational High School
Authors: Aryani Dila Rizki , Azizahwati  , Zulirfan
Published: December 2019

Online learning media is an effective learning facility in solving learning problem which is related to limited time. This research is aimed to develop the physics education problem based learning web for Vocational High School. Physics Education problem based learning web consists of 5 main menu for students; competence, material, exercise, evaluation and compiler while for teacher gets additional menu that are student data and student evaluation result. Physics education web can assist teacher and student in online learning and can be accessed anytime and anywhere. The subject of this study is that the development of Physics Education Learning Web for Vocational High Schooler on temperature and heat material. The result of the study is dertermined by the development of Physics Education web and the implementation of online physics learning.
The Formation of Shoots in Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana L.) Nodules From Bengkalis, Riau in Murashige Skoog and Woody Plant Medium
Authors: Isda Mayta Novaliza , Hasibuan Mahrayuni , Fatonah Siti , Fitmawati
Published: December 2019

One of the mangosteen producers in Indonesia is Riau Province, Bengkalis regency to be exact. This mangosteen has some superiority, such as able to grow in peat swamp1). Nodules are cells that develop to become shoots only in proper nutrients and conditions. This study aimed to discover the response of mangosteen nodules (Garcinia mangostana L.) on MS and WPM media by adding BAP. This study used Completely Randomized Design using various concentrations of BAP and different media. The results of this study indicate that the best response on MS medium is the percentage of nodule formation at 1 mg / l BAP of 49.99%. The fastest callus appears on control and 5 mg/l BAP 17.25 and 6.75 days after planting (dap). The most significant number of nodules at 1 mg/l of BAP is 1.50 nodules. The callus texture is compact and crumbs with white and brown colour. The best response on WPM media is the percentage of formation of a nodule at 1 mg/l of BAP resulting 33.33%. The fastest shoots emerge at 1 mg / l BAP 13.25 dap. The highest number of nodules at 1 mg/l of BAP is 1.00 nodule, the highest leaf amount at 3 mg/l BAP was 6.75 sheets, and the highest shoot length at 5 mg / l BAP is 1.32 cm. The texture callus compact and crumb with white colour.
Microencapsulation of Carotenoids from Red Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Peels Extract
Authors: Siregar Tagor Marsillam , Margareta Monika
Published: December 2019

Red melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) peels have high carotenoid content and have the potential to be a natural food colorant. But carotenoids have low resistance to light, heat and pH. Microencapsulation is one of the process that can be done to protect and increase the solubility of carotenoids. This research was aimed to protect and increase the solubility of carotenoid compounds from red melinjo peels extract by microencapsulation process. This research consist of two stage, preliminary and main stage. In preliminary stage, red melinjo peels were extracted using ethyl acetate. In the main stage, the extract was encapsulated using spray dryer. The microcapsules were analyzed for moisture content, powder recovery, total carotenoid and phenolic content, encapsulation efficiency, color measurement, solubility, and particle size. The extract has 17693.87 μg/g total carotenoid content and 23.21 mg GAE/g total phenolic content. From the result of this research, there are effects of spray drying inlet temperature and coating material ratio towards characteristics of microcapsules. The best microcapsules were obtained using 150°C spray dryer inlet temperature and 100% arabic gum as coating material with moisture content 5.08%, powder recovery 72.45%, total carotenoid content 420.40 μg/g, encapsulation efficiency 91.23%,°hue microcapsules powder 30.95°, total phenolic content 1.12 mg GAE/g, solubility 89.35%, and microcapsules particle diameter 2.85 μm.
Tio2/Co3O4 Composite as Photoanode of Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Anggraini Dian , Wardani Pratiwi Kusuma , Agustina Mutia , Awaluddin Amir , Arifin Khuzaimah
Published: December 2019

Titanium dioxide is one of the most investigated materials for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, TiO2 has a wide band gap of approximately 3.2 eV, which limits its absorption energy to UV only, and the photoexcitation products (i.e., electron and hole) easily recombine. Developing a composite with other semiconductor materials is one of the efforts for improving the performance of TiO2 photoelectrode. In this study, a composite of TiO2/Co3O4 thin films was developed, and its performance in PEC water splitting was investigated. Co3O4 was synthesized using a hydrothermal method, and TiO2 P25 was used. TiO2 and Co3O4 were mixed by ball milling before coating on a clean FTO and annealing at 550 °C. Two weight variations of TiO2:Co3O4 were used (95:5 and 90%:10%). XRD and FESEM analysis were used to investigate crystallinity phase and surface morphology. The optical band gap of the thin films was determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy, where the film with 90:10 weight ratio of TiO2:Co3O4 obtained the smallest band gap of 2.9 eV. Co3O4 improved the current density and TiO2 performance by approximately three times.
The Preparation of Cu-Modified Cryptomelane Type-Manganese Oxide Catalysts by one Step sol-gel Synthesis for Decomposition of Methylene Blue
Authors: Awaluddin A , Janah SR , Anggraini R , Siregar SS
Published: December 2019

The cryptomelane manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2) and Cu-modified cryptomelane octahedral molecular sieve (Cu-OMS-2) with different Cu concentrations (1, 5, 10%) were successfully prepared by one-step sol-gel synthesis. The XRD patterns of OMS-2 and Cu-OMS-2 remain unchanged, indicating the Cu ions are well incorporated within OMS-2, except the peak due to (101) plane appears and grows significantly until 5% Cu incorporation. The SEM images revealed that the additions of Cu ions in the OMS-2 have a remarkable impact on the Cu-OMS-2 morphologies, especially for 10% Cu incorporation. The bulk analysis by AAS showed the steady decreases in K+ and Mn concentrations, and increase in Cu concentrations, suggesting that some Cu2+ ions are replacing K+ in the tunnel and Mn in the framework of OMS-2. The catalytic tests for the degradation methylene blue (MB) by heterogeneous Fenton processes revealed that the catalytic performance of Cu-OMS-2 increases remarkably with the increased concentrations of Cu doping. The increased catalytic activities for Cu-OMS-2 are associated with the smaller particles sizes are revealed by SEM results.
Detection of the Soft Soil at the Slope Area using Geoelectrical Resistivity Method
Authors: Islami Nur
Published: December 2019

The landslide occur commonly in the slope zone area. The landslide may cause the damage and lose the wealth. This research aimed to detect the soft soil zone of the landslide area using geolectrical resistivity method. The geoelectrical resistivity survey was conducted using Wenner configuration with a total of 40 electrodes. Interpretation of the geolectrical model was improved trhough the direct surface resistivity measurement. The geoelectrical resistivity model shows the relatively low resistivity value at the near surface. The low resistivity value indicates that the soil is not solid and it is possible the water seep to the pore of the soil. The relatively higher resistivity value indicates that the soil is relatively compact and thus, the water is relatively hard to enter the pore. The soft zone of the soil at the slope is clearly observed and possible to slide down whenever water intervene the soil condition.