bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The aperiodic exponent of subthalamic field potentials reflects excitation/inhibition balance in Parkinsonism: a cross-species study in vivo
Authors: Wiest Christoph , Torrecillos Flavie , Pogosyan Alek , Bange Manuel , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Groppa Sergiu , Hulse Natasha , Hasegawa Harutomo , Ashkan Keyoumars , Baig Fahd , Morgante Francesca , Pereira Erlick A. , Mallet Nicolas , Magill Peter J. , Brown Peter , Sharott Andrew , Tan Huiling
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Periodic features of neural time series data, such as local field potentials (LFP), are often quantified using power spectra. While the aperiodic exponent of spectra is typically disregarded, it is nevertheless modulated in a physiologically-relevant manner and was recently hypothesised to reflect excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance in neuronal populations. Here, we used a cross-species in vivo electrophysiological approach to test the E/I hypothesis in the context of experimental and idiopathic Parkinsonism. We demonstrate in dopamine-depleted rats that aperiodic exponents and power at 30-100 Hz in subthalamic nucleus (STN) LFPs reflect defined changes in basal ganglia network activity; higher aperiodic exponents tally with lower levels of STN neuron firing and a balance tipped towards inhibition. Using STN-LFPs recorded from awake Parkinson’s patients, we show that higher exponents accompany dopaminergic medication and deep brain stimulation (DBS) of STN, consistent with untreated Parkinson’s manifesting as reduced inhibition and hyperactivity of STN. These results suggest that the aperiodic exponent of STN-LFPs in Parkinsonism reflects E/I balance, and might be a candidate biomarker for adaptive DBS.
Mutations in the SmAPRR2 transcription factor suppressing chlorophyll pigmentation in the eggplant fruit peel are key drivers of a diversified colour palette
Authors: Arrones Andrea , Mangino Giulio , Alonso David , Plazas Mariola , Prohens Jaime , Portis Ezio , Barchi Lorenzo , Giuliano Giovanni , Vilanova Santiago , Gramazio Pietro
Published: August 2022

Understanding the mechanisms by which chlorophylls are synthesized in the eggplant (Solanum melongena) fruit peel is of great relevance for eggplant breeding. A multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population and a germplasm collection have been screened for green pigmentation in the fruit peel and used to identify candidate genes for this trait. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) performed with 420 MAGIC individuals revealed a major association on chromosome 8 close to a gene similar to APRR2. Two variants in SmAPRR2, predicted as having a high impact effect, were associated with the absence of fruit chlorophyll pigmentation in the MAGIC population, and a large deletion of 5.27 kb was found in two reference genomes of accessions without chlorophyll in the fruit peel. The validation of the candidate gene SmAPRR2 was performed by its sequencing in a set of MAGIC individuals and through its de novo assembly in 277 accessions from the G2P-SOL eggplant core collection. Two additional mutations in SmAPRR2 associated with the lack of chlorophyll were identified in the core collection set. The phylogenetic analysis of APRR2 reveals orthology within Solanaceae and suggests that specialization of APRR2-like genes occurred independently in Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae. A strong geographical differentiation was observed in the frequency of predominant mutations in SmAPRR2, resulting in a lack of fruit chlorophyll pigmentation and suggesting that this phenotype may have arisen and been selected independently several times. This study represents the first identification of a major gene for fruit chlorophyll pigmentation in the eggplant fruit.
New data analysis for BioSAXS at the ESRF
Authors: Kieffer Jérôme , Brennich Martha , Florial Jean-Baptiste , Oscarsson Marcus , De Maria Antolinos Alejandro , Tully Mark , Pernot Petra
Published: August 2022

The second phase of the ESRF upgrade program did not only provide a new storage ring (Extremely Brilliant Source, EBS) but also allowed several beamlines to be refurbished. The BioSAXS beamline (located on port BM29) was upgraded with a new wiggler source and a larger detector. All analysis software has been rewritten to cope with the increased data flux and continues to provide beamline users with reduced and pre-processed data in real time. This article describes FreeSAS, an open-source collection of various small-angle scattering analysis algorithms needed to reduce and analyze BioSAXS data, and Dahu, the tool used to interface data analysis with beamline control. It further presents the data-processing pipelines for the different data acquisitions modes of the beamline, using either a sample changer for individual homogeneous samples or an inline size-exclusion chromatography setup.
Microscopic observation of the effects of elongation on the polymer chain dynamics of crosslinked polybutadiene using quasi-elastic γ-ray scattering
Authors: Mashita Ryo , Saito Makina , Yoda Yoshitaka , Kishimoto Hiroyuki , Seto Makoto , Kanaya Toshiji
Published: August 2022

A synchrotron-radiation-based quasi-elastic γ-ray scattering system has been developed that uses time-domain interferometry to observe microscopic polymer dynamics under uniaxial deformation. The stress-producing mechanism of crosslinked polybutadiene has been studied from a microscopic viewpoint. It was found that the mean relaxation time 〈τ〉 of the microscopic polymer motion observed over a relatively high temperature (T) range (i.e.
T
−1 < 0.0045 K−1) increased with elongation on both the intra- and intermolecular scales. Following an extensive strain dependence study, it was found that the strain dependences of both the intra- and intermolecular 〈τ〉 changed with the stress dependence. It was therefore suggested that 〈τ〉 increased due to the constraint of the local polymer chain motion caused by elongation. The local molecular dynamics of polymer chains under uniaxial deformation could be evaluated at intra- and intermolecular scales separately for the first time using our method.
One-dimensional diffuse scattering of 1,3-di(tert-butyl)cyclopentadienyl pentaphosphaferrocene modelled with closed-form expressions
Authors: Stöger Berthold , Peresypkina Eugenia , Virovets Alexander
Published: August 2022

1,3-di(tert-butyl)cyclopentadienyl pentaphosphaferrocene (Cp′′FeP5) crystallizes as polytypes, where adjacent layers are related by either a c- or an n-glide reflection. In the simplest possible polytypes only one kind of glide reflections is realized, leading to overall Pca21 or Pna21 symmetry respectively. Crystals isolated from the same crystallization experiment feature a varying degree of stacking disorder. One-dimensional diffuse scattering of a crystal with particularly strong disorder was modelled with closed-form expressions derived from a growth model. A range of interaction of s = 2 was necessary to satisfactorily describe the observed diffraction intensities. The crystal can be described as a disordered analogue of an allotwin, that is an intergrowth of the Pca21 or Pna21 polytypes with a distinct preference for the former.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2,6-diphenylpyridine
Authors: Cheng Dong , Meng Xiang-Zhen , Tian Fuyu , Yan Dong , Wang Xiaofei , Qian Xueli , Wang Junnan
Published: August 2022

The title compound, C24H19NO, was obtained via the reaction of (1E,2E)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one with ethyl 2-oxopropanoate, using NH4I as a catalyst. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group I2/a. In the molecule, the four rings are not in the same plane, the pyridine ring being inclined to the benzene rings by 17.26 (6), 56.16 (3) and 24.50 (6)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...π interactions into a three-dimensional network. To further analyse the intermolecular interactions, a Hirshfeld surface analysis was performed. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most abundant contributions to the crystal packing are from H...H (50.4%), C...H/H...C (37.9%) and O...H/H...O (5.1%) interactions.
Layered business continuity and disaster recovery model
Authors: Stamenkov Gjoko
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to address the problem of a plethora of potential plans related to business continuity and disaster recovery.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of the relevant academic articles, standards and guidelines related to business continuity and disaster recovery was conducted, and the discussed plans include critical information infrastructure plans, disaster recovery plans, information system contingency plans, business continuity plans and continuity of operations plans.

Findings

The content of each plan is explained. A layered business continuity and disaster recovery model is proposed, which consolidates all plans in a coherent manner.

Originality/value

Relationships, similarities and differences among each pair of plans are discussed, and the longitudinal validity and applicability of plans are presented.
Synecdochising student identities: EAL teachers' positioning of adult EAL students in Australia
Authors: Sumithran Suma , Chowdhury Raqib , Barnes Melissa
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Adult student identities within EAL (English as an Additional Language) classrooms have often been positioned as static, homogenised and exoticised within scholarly literature. Within such positioning, teachers have embraced pedagogical practices which classify students by country of origin and represent student identities within binaries of Self and the Other, limiting these students' identity positionings for adoption within the EAL classroom. As a result, students are often rendered voiceless by essentialist discourses on culture and identity in the classroom that serve to replicate and reinforce dominant societal discourses and strengthen existing institutional power structures.

Design/methodology/approach

By drawing on a postcolonial theoretical framework comprising theories of race, identity, power, representation, synecdoche and Third Space, this paper interrogates current literature to understand the complex multidimensional and dynamic cultural identities of adult EAL students.

Findings

This paper reveals that adult EAL students are still being oversimplified within the classroom, not just disadvantaging students and institutions, but also hindering multicultural pedagogies.

Originality/value

This paper suggests that teachers require opportunities for critical reflection incorporated within a critical pedagogy in decolonised classrooms that can not only build respectful and equitable awareness of their students' cultural identities and educational and historical backgrounds but provide important implications for effective pedagogical practices.
How to overcome the intention–behavior gap in sustainable tourism: Tourism Agenda 2030 perspective article
Authors: Viglia Giampaolo , Acuti Diletta
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study encourages a quantum leap knowledge encouraging tourism researchers to measure actual behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

This study enhances the contribution of scholars to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals; it is key to understand how to alleviate the distance between consumers’ intentions and behavior.

Findings

This study proposes a conceptual figure that shows how relative value, rationality and social desirability are the key determinants that hamper intentions in becoming behaviors.

Originality/value

This study encourages scholars to consider consumers’ perceptions and the relative value they attribute to sustainability in their decision-making and to conduct field studies that observe consumer behavior in the real world and measure not just the intentions, but what is actually happening.
The first case of monkeypox virus and acute HIV infection: Should we consider monkeypox a new possible sexually transmitted infection?
Authors: Brundu Monica , Marinello Serena , Scaglione Vincenzo , Ferrari Anna , Franchin Elisa , Mazzitelli Maria , Cattelan Anna Maria
Published: August 2022

Since May 2022, a Monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak has been ongoing in several non‐endemic countries. MPXV is usually transmitted after intimate contact, through body fluids, close contact from active lesions or through respiratory droplets. The recent outbreak occurrent in people with multiple recent sexual intercourse suggests the sexual route as the main way of transmission. However, there is no sufficient evidence to consider MPXV as a new sexually transmitted infection (STI), even though we believe that a link between MPXV and other STIs may exist with a possible facilitating action on their spreading. Herein, we illustrate the first case described during the current outbreak of a young man with both MPXV and acute HIV infection in a non‐endemic country.
Valuing home modifications: The street‐level policy work of occupational therapists in Australian home modification practice
Authors: Bitner Grace , Gillett Coral , Foster Michele
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Occupational therapists recommending home modifications in Australia are often required by funding bodies to consider ‘value’ and ‘value for money’ (VFM); however, clear guidance on how to define and apply these concepts is not always provided. This paper reports on a qualitative study examining how the concepts of value and VFM are currently understood and operationalised by occupational therapists in Australian home modification practice, with the aim of positively contributing to both policy and practice in this area.

Methods

The study utilised constructivist grounded theory to collect and analyse qualitative data from 20 occupational therapists who were currently working across Australia and had professional experience in home modifications.

Findings

The grounded theory that was derived from the analysis highlights the unique position that occupational therapists occupy in home modification work as they strive to align the values of different stakeholders to create solutions that all consider to be valuable. In the absence of consistent frameworks or methods for determining value and VFM, evidence also emerged of occupational therapists using a range of individual approaches such as using formal and informal care as metrics, cheapest option approaches, and comparative costing.

Conclusion

In addition to a clear need for consistent and transparent approaches to understanding and operationalising VFM in home modifications, there is also a need for further investigation into the value systems that underpin this work. A conceptualisation of occupational therapists as street‐level policy agents has proven useful here as it highlights the position occupational therapists occupy, enacting, making, and, at times, challenging policy in day‐to‐day practice as they work to align the values of the various stakeholders.
The effect of malting on phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activity in grains and breakfast cereals
Authors: Vingrys Kristina , Mathai Michael , Ashton John F. , Stojanovska Lily , Vasiljevic Todor , McAinch Andrew J. , Donkor Osaana N.
Published: August 2022

Breakfast cereals are popular grain foods and sources of polyphenols. Malting alters polyphenol content and activity; however, effects are varied. The total polyphenol content (TPC), radical scavenging activity (RSA), and polyphenol profile were analyzed in unmalted and malted grains (wheat, barley, and sorghum) and breakfast cereals (wheat, barley) by Folin Ciocalteu Reagent (FCR), % inhibition of the free radical 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl, and high performance liquid chromatography. Higher TPC was observed in all malted grains and breakfast cereals compared with unmalted samples (p < 0.05). Higher RSA was also observed in all malted samples compared to unmalted samples (p < 0.05) except for wheat grain to malted wheat grain. In this study, malting induced additional polyphenols and antioxidant activity in grains and cereal products. Malted grain breakfast cereals may be practical sources of polyphenol antioxidants.

Practical Application

This study utilized malting in a unique way to investigate potential health benefits of polyphenols and antioxidant activity in grains (wheat, barley, and sorghum) and ready‐to‐eat breakfast cereals (wheat and barley). This study found that grains and breakfast cereals are important sources of antioxidant polyphenols, and these were significantly increased in malted varieties. Understanding this is important as grains and breakfast cereals are widely consumed staple foods. Consuming healthier grain products may be a practical strategy in reducing the risk of noncommunicable diseases such as colorectal cancer and type‐2 diabetes, where wholegrain consumption may be important in prevention.
A systematic review of modified electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to treat delirium
Authors: Lupke Katie , Warren Nicola , Teodorczuk Andrew , Steele Sarah , Kolur Uday , Wand Anne , Robinson Gail , Parker Stephen
Published: August 2022

Background

Delirium is costly for patients, carers, and healthcare systems. In addition, non‐pharmacological and pharmacological management of delirium is challenging. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been proposed and used as an anecdotal treatment of delirium in clinical practice. However, the efficacy and safety of this approach are not well understood.

Objective

To synthesise and review the evidence relating to the safety and efficacy of ECT as a treatment for delirium.

Methods

A systematic review was completed according to PRISMA guidelines using the PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO databases. Studies were eligible for inclusion if modified ECT was used to treat delirium symptoms. ECT for delirium in people with neuroleptic malignant syndrome, catatonia, or confusional states associated with acute primary psychiatric conditions were excluded. All included records were first ranked using the hierarchy of evidence‐based medicine; quality was then assessed using the Joanna Briggs critical appraisal checklists. Pooled data across the cases identified were analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results

Of 1226 records screened, 10 studies met inclusion criteria: six case reports, three case series, and one quasi‐experimental study. The literature base was of mixed quality. A single quasi‐experimental study was assessed to be of ‘fair’ quality, the remainder of the case series and case reports were rated as ‘poor’ to ‘fair’ quality. A total of only 40 individual people with delirium who were treated with ECT were identified. In 33/40 cases, the aetiology of delirium was substance withdrawal. The number of ECT treatments administered ranged from 1 to 13. ECT was reported to positively contribute towards treatment of delirium in all cases, although objective measures of improvement were reported in only 6/13 patient cases from case reports and case series (46%). The singular quasi‐experimental study reported a statistically significant decrease in duration of delirium, time spent in physical restraint, and in benzodiazepine requirement when ECT was used as an adjunct in benzodiazepine withdrawal delirium. When adverse events were described these included mild confusion and memory deficits; all were reported as time limited and reversible. Considerable limitations in the quality of the evidence base were identified, including the risk of selection, publication and reporting bias. Much data reporting on safety and efficacy of ECT in delirium was missing.

Conclusion

There is insufficient literature to support modified ECT as a clinical treatment for delirium. The few studies identified were generally of weak evidence lacking important data on safety and objective outcome measures, and not including populations with broad delirium aetiologies. Further research using more robust methodologies and broader populations (age, aetiology) of people with delirium treated with ECT is needed.
Methods in amphibian biotelemetry: Two decades in review
Authors: Altobelli Joseph T. , Dickinson Katharine J. M. , Godfrey Stephanie S. , Bishop Phillip J.
Published: August 2022

The use of biotelemetry in amphibian behaviour, migration, dispersal and homing research has increased with the miniaturisation and improved reliability of telemetry equipment. Here we synthesise biotelemetry methods and outcomes from the past two decades of published studies (n = 128; 1 January 2000–31 December 2020). We discuss trends in amphibian study duration, transmitter weight and transmitter attachment methods. The most commonly used harness designs for external transmitter attachment and surgical methods for internal implantation are described, and the benefits and potential problems of these methods are discussed. We recommend improved practices for future studies and address gaps within the current amphibian telemetry literature in regard to accurately reporting study endpoints and study subject survival. Finally, we highlight emerging technologies that could influence the next 20 years of telemetry research on amphibians.
Early initiation of short‐term emollient use for the prevention of atopic dermatitis in high‐risk infants—The STOP‐AD randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ní Chaoimh Carol , Lad Dhanis , Nico Claudio , Puppels Gerwin J. , Wong X. F. Colin C. , Common John E. , Murray Deirdre M. , Irvine Alan D. , Hourihane Jonathan O’Brien
Published: August 2022

Background

Protecting the skin barrier in early infancy may prevent atopic dermatitis (AD). We investigated if daily emollient use from birth to 2 months reduced AD incidence in high‐risk infants at 12 months.

Methods

This was a single‐center, two‐armed, investigator‐blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial (NCT03871998). Term infants identified as high risk for AD (parental history of AD, asthma or allergic rhinitis) were recruited within 4 days of birth and randomised 1:1 to either twice‐daily emollient application for the first 8 weeks of life (intervention group), using an emollient specifically formulated for very dry, AD‐prone skin, or to standard routine skin care (control group). The primary outcome was cumulative AD incidence at 12 months. AD <6 months was diagnosed based on clinical presence of AD. The UK Working Party Diagnostic Criteria were applied when diagnosing AD between 6 and 12 months.

Results

Three hundred twenty‐one were randomised (161 intervention and 160 control), with 61 withdrawals (41 intervention, 20 control). The cumulative incidence of AD at 12 months was 32.8% in the intervention group vs. 46.4% in the control group, p = 0.036 [Relative risk (95%CI): 0.707 (0.516, 0.965)]. One infant in the intervention group was withdrawn from the study following development of a rash that had a potential relationship with the emollient. There was no significant difference in the incidence of skin infections between the intervention and control groups during the intervention period (5.0% vs. 5.7%, p > 0.05).

Conclusions

This study has demonstrated that early initiation of daily specialized emollient use until 2 months reduces the incidence of AD in the first year of life in high‐risk infants.
Vaginal repair of cesarean section scar defects: Preoperative hysteroscopic evaluation
Authors: Chen Huihui , Wang Yizhi , Zhang Hui , Wang Xipeng
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Cesarean section scar defects (CSDs) are one of the long‐term complications following cesarean section. They can be detected by transvaginal sonography, hysterosalpingography, sonohysterography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Hysteroscopy is frequently used in evaluating endometrial disease. However, the description of CSDs by hysteroscopy is very limited. Only a few papers about hysteroscopy evaluation have been published. This is an exploratory study to compare hysteroscopic findings with myometrial thickness and post‐surgical outcomes.

Material and methods

From February 2019 to December 2020, 143 women with CSDs were enrolled in the observational study. All women suffered from abnormal uterine bleeding and were evaluated in a standardized way with hysteroscopy before vaginal surgery. Dome‐shaped CSDs could be clearly observed in all patients under hysteroscopy. We recorded the pictures of each patient under hysteroscopy and classified them. All patients underwent outpatient review at 3 and 6 months after surgery to obtain menstrual information and CSD scar size by MRI or transvaginal sonography.

Results

Pale mucosae in the defect were meager endometrial lining covering the surface of muscle layer, cyst lesions were some cyst lesions in the defect, increased local vascularization was a vascular tree with branching and irregular vascular distribution in defect, polypoid lesions were polypoid lesions in the defect, and serrated niches were two niches at the anterior uterine isthmus. The features of the CSDs observed under hysteroscopy were identified as five phenotypes: pale mucosae (90/143, 62.9%), cyst lesions (23/143, 16.1%), polypoid lesions (19/143, 13.3%), increased local vascularization (27/143, 18.9%) and serrated niches (7/143, 4.9%). The most common finding in scar defects under hysteroscopy was pale mucosae in the CSD. The results suggest that patients with increased local vascularization and serrated niches have a high risk of thinner residual myometrium before vaginal repair (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in menstrual duration or in the outcome of vaginal repair for CSDs between these five phenotypes (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Patients with the abnormal blood vessel or serration phenotypes of defects under hysteroscopy may have a thinner residual myometrium. The phenotypes of hysteroscopic findings of CSDs have no correlation with the outcome of repair.
Editorial: thiopurines in the multidrug era—time to rescue our memories over half a century of experience
Authors: Gros Beatriz , Rodríguez‐Lago Iago
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Rezazadeh Ardabili et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17128 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17186
Editorial: potassium competitive acid blockers—is there a role for more complete acid suppression? Authors' reply
Authors: Chen Songfeng , Chen Minhu , Xiao Yinglian
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Chen et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16959 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17127
A tale of two trails: Lessons from a comparative account of the Trans Canada Trail and the Sendero de Chile
Authors: Seydewitz Erich , Mulrennan Monica , García Magdalena
Published: August 2022

A new generation of greenways has emerged in recent years, the most ambitious of which are nationwide, interconnected networks of multi‐use, multi‐purpose greenways and trails, clustered under a single national vision. However, because these initiatives have been the focus of so few research studies, opportunities to glean lessons from their planning and implementation have been limited. This paper contributes to addressing this knowledge gap by presenting a comparative account of two networks, the Trans Canada Trail in Canada and Sendero de Chile in Chile. Using document analysis and interviews with officials closely involved in their development, the evolution of both networks is documented over time, emphasizing similarities and differences related to their planning and implementation. Both initiatives have faced significant challenges in reaching their connection goals and have availed themselves of a diverse range of opportunities and strategies to advance their agendas. A simple model of a virtuous cycle is proposed to highlight the positive feedback—between political and public support, sustained funding, partnership development, accessibility for urban residents, and connectivity of the network—generated by sustained network expansion over time. It is hoped that the insights offered from this analysis may offer guidance to inform the development of similar scale projects elsewhere.
Canadian sanctuary policies in context
Authors: Paquet Mireille , Joy Meghan
Published: August 2022

Since 2013, seven Canadian cities have developed sanctuary policies: Vancouver, Edmonton, London, Hamilton, Toronto, Ajax and Montreal. Comparing policy design characteristics, this article points to converging features of these interventions in Canada: a focus on information provision and access as well as a representation of the city as an inclusive and progressive space. The distinctive characteristics of these interventions, as compared to the sanctuary policies in other national contexts, point to the need to consider alternative contextual drivers of local involvement toward this issue: response to long periods of policy devolution as well as use of sanctuary to bolster urban competitiveness and legitimacy for local governments.
In vitro effect of different implant decontamination methods in three intraosseous defect configurations
Authors: Luengo Fernando , Sanz‐Esporrín Javier , Noguerol Fernando , Sanz‐Martín Ignacio , Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio , Sanz Mariano
Published: August 2022

Objectives

This in vitro investigation was aimed to evaluate the cleaning ability of four mechanical devices designed for decontaminating implant surfaces.

Material and methods

Ninety‐six implants were coated with permanent ink and inserted into 3D‐printed resin blocks simulating three different intraosseous defect configurations (types Ib, Ic, and Ie). The four tested mechanical decontamination devices (air‐polishing with glycine powder, rotating titanium brush, polyetheretherketone [PEEK]‐coated ultrasonic tip, and stainless steel ultrasonic tip) were randomly applied onto the 5 mm exposed implant surface. Standardized photographs were taken from a frontal perspective and with a 30° angle coronally and apically to the implant axis. The area with remnant ink on the implant surface was calculated.

Results

Although none of the groups achieved complete ink removal, air‐polishing with glycine and titanium brushes demonstrated a higher cleaning ability when compared with ultrasonic devices either with standard or PEEK tips for all three defect configurations. For the three tested models, the best cleaning ability in all groups was shown on implant surfaces without facing an intraosseous wall. Titanium brush was the most effective when the intraosseous walls existed. Cleaning effectiveness diminished in the threads located in the apical third, especially when using air‐polishing and ultrasonic devices.

Conclusions

Titanium brushes and air‐polishing devices were more effective in removing artificial biofilm using this in vitro model, although their effectiveness was influenced by the presence of the intrabony component.
Specific subsystems of the inferior parietal lobule are associated with hand dysfunction following stroke: A cross‐sectional resting‐state fMRI study
Authors: Liu FeiWen , Chen ChangCheng , Bai ZhongFei , Hong WenJun , Wang SiZhong , Tang ChaoZheng
Published: August 2022

Aim

The inferior parietal lobule (IPL) plays important roles in reaching and grasping during hand movements, but how reorganizations of IPL subsystems underlie the paretic hand remains unclear. We aimed to explore whether specific IPL subsystems were disrupted and associated with hand performance after chronic stroke.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, we recruited 65 patients who had chronic subcortical strokes and 40 healthy controls from China. Each participant underwent the Fugl‐Meyer Assessment of Hand and Wrist and resting‐state fMRI at baseline. We mainly explored the group differences in resting‐state effective connectivity (EC) patterns for six IPL subregions in each hemisphere, and we correlated these EC patterns with paretic hand performance across the whole stroke group and stroke subgroups. Moreover, we used receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to distinguish the stroke subgroups with partially (PPH) and completely (CPH) paretic hands.

Results

Stroke patients exhibited abnormal EC patterns with ipsilesional PFt and bilateral PGa, and five sensorimotor‐parietal/two parietal–temporal subsystems were positively or negatively correlated with hand performance. Compared with CPH patients, PPH patients exhibited abnormal EC patterns with the contralesional PFop. The PPH patients had one motor‐parietal subsystem, while the CPH patients had one sensorimotor‐parietal and three parietal‐occipital subsystems that were associated with hand performance. Notably, the EC strength from the contralesional PFop to the ipsilesional superior frontal gyrus could distinguish patients with PPH from patients with CPH.

Conclusions

The IPL subsystems manifest specific functional reorganization and are associated with hand dysfunction following chronic stroke.
Atypical presentation of cutaneous meningioma
Authors: Chen Anthony , Hall Mary , Liu Wenhua , Arps David
Published: August 2022

Cutaneous meningiomas are rare tumors of ectopic meningeal tissue in the dermis or subcutis and are most commonly located on the scalp and around the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth. We present a case of cutaneous meningioma with an unusual presentation on the upper arm, but with positivity for epithelial membrane antigen to support the diagnosis of meningioma. Lack of pancytokeratin AE1/3 and p63 allowed us to rule out a keratinocytic tumor, such as squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. The absence of smooth muscle actin, FXIIIa, CD163, and CD34 allowed us to rule out a leiomyoma, dermatofibroma, and vascular neoplasm respectively. Weak staining of S100 allowed us to rule out a perineuroma. The purpose of this case report is to increase awareness of a rare presentation of cutaneous meningioma not located within the scalp/face region. This may broaden its inclusion within differential diagnoses of neoplasms of uncertain behavior and encourage correct clinical diagnosis, thus improving treatment outcomes.
Current status of endoscopic full‐thickness resection with the full‐thickness resection device
Authors: Mueller Julius , Kuellmer Armin , Schiemer Moritz , Thimme Robert , Schmidt Arthur
Published: August 2022

Endoscopic full‐thickness resection (EFTR) using the full‐thickness resection device (FTRD) is an integral part of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy. Since its market launch in Europe in 2014, its safety and effectiveness have been proven in numerous studies. Adaptations in design as well as new techniques, such as hybrid EFTR, expand the spectrum of the FTRD system. The following review is intended to provide an overview of the clinical application and current evidence of EFTR with the FTRD system.
Toddlers’ social evaluations of agents who act on false beliefs
Authors: Woo Brandon M. , Spelke Elizabeth S.
Published: August 2022

Mature social evaluations privilege agents’ intentions over the outcomes of their actions, but young children often privilege outcomes over intentions in verbal tasks probing their social evaluations. In three experiments (N = 118), we probed the development of intention‐based social evaluation and mental state reasoning using nonverbal methods with 15‐month‐old toddlers. Toddlers viewed scenarios depicting a protagonist who sought to obtain one of two toys, each inside a different box, as two other agents observed. Then, the boxes’ contents were switched in the absence of the protagonist and either in the presence or the absence of the other agents. When the protagonist returned, one agent opened the box containing the protagonist's desired toy (a positive outcome), and the other opened the other box (a neutral outcome). When both agents had observed the toys move to their current locations, the toddlers preferred the agent who opened the box containing the desired toy. In contrast, when the agents had not seen the toys move and therefore should have expected the desired toy's location to be unchanged, the toddlers preferred the agent who opened the box that no longer contained the desired toy. Thus, the toddlers preferred the agent who intended to make the protagonist's desired toy accessible, even when its action, guided by a false belief concerning that toy's location, did not produce a positive outcome. Well before children connect beliefs to social behavior in verbal tasks, toddlers engage in intention‐based evaluations of social agents with false beliefs.
Understanding strategies to improve medication adherence among persons with type 2 diabetes: A scoping review
Authors: Vallis Michael , Jin Susie , Klimek‐Abercrombie Agnieszka , Bunko Andrean , Kukaswadia Atif , Neish Calum S. , Ivers Noah M.
Published: August 2022

Aims

The objectives of this scoping review were to: (1) identify the target audience and contexts in which strategies to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) medication adherence have been used, (2) provide an overview of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) used, (3) describe the determinants of behaviour targeted by strategies and (4) to identify current gaps in strategies.

Methods

A systemic search for articles related to T2DM, medication adherence and strategies was conducted in EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE and Epub Ahead of Print, In‐Process & Other Non‐Indexed Citations and Daily using the OvidSP platform on 11 March 2021. All publications involving strategies to overcome medication non‐adherence among adults with T2DM were included. Strategies were categorized according to the BCT taxonomy and the determinants of behaviour targeted by each strategy were classified by using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

Results

The search identified 58 articles and 61 strategies. The BCT categories Antecedents and Natural consequences and BCTs Feedback on outcome(s) of behaviour, Adding objects to the environment and Information about health consequences were identified most frequently as components of strategies resulting in statistically significant improvement in medication adherence. Strategies targeting the TDF domains Reinforcement and Beliefs about Consequences most often resulted in statistically significant improvements in adherence measures.

Conclusions

The findings from this review identify BCTs and targeted behaviours with demonstrated success. Further exploration of the myriad of BCTs and the corresponding determinants of behaviour which were not accessed may be warranted for the development of future strategies to improve medication adherence in type 2 diabetes.
Drugging the circadian clock feedback cycle to ameliorate cartilage degeneration
Authors: He Ting , Pang Siyi , Wang Huanbo , Yun Haitao , Hao Xue , Jia Liyuan , Liu He , Wang Di , Wang Dong , Xu Huiyun , Jie Qiang , Yang Liu , Zheng Chao
Published: August 2022

Dampened peripheral clocks have been linked to osteoarthritis (OA), yet it is unclear whether drugging the clock can ameliorate OA. Given that RORs and REV‐ERBs mediate respectively, positive and negative transcriptional feedback of the master clock gene BMAL1, we investigate whether RORs agonist Nobiletin (NOB) and SR1078, and REV‐ERBs antagonist SR8278 can enhance BMAL1 expression and attenuate cartilage degeneration. NOB and SR8278 promoted BMAL1 expression and elicited mitigating effects against IL‐1β‐induced degeneration of cartilage explants, as evidenced by increased cellular density and collagen synthesis along with alleviated catabolism and collagen denaturation. Despite promoted BMAL1 expression, SR1078 concomitantly suppressed chondrocyte anabolism and catabolism. Consistent with these findings, NOB and SR8278 treatment, but not SR1078, effectively attenuated structural destruction of articular cartilage in surgery‐induced OA mouse models. Notably, the beneficial effects of NOB and SR8278 were evidently observed in IL‐1β‐induced degeneration of human cartilage explants and immortalized human chondrocytes. Moreover, BMAL1 knockdown assays indicated that NOB and SR8278 enhanced clock function and concordantly rendered protection against altered anabolism and catabolism in a BMAL1‐dependent regime. Collectively, our study suggests that targeting RORs and REV‐ERBs to promote the dampened peripheral clocks could be a route taken to apply chronotherapy within the context of OA.
Michel Serres, ‘a legend for us to read our world,’ or just a geographer?
Authors: Hayes Emily
Published: August 2022

In pondering the purpose and relevance of the thought of the French philosopher, Michel Serres, this article surveys recent secondary literature about his works in geography, social science, literary and humanities subjects. Where they are thought to be helpful, the article includes some biographical details. It first discusses Serres's prescience as a philosopher of the ecological and climate crises and the Anthropocene. It then considers his democratization of knowledge and knowledge making by analysing aspects of his particular narrative style which was designed to both speak across academic disciplinary boundaries and communicate with wider demographics. Notable amongst the latter are the symbolic mythical, human and more‐than‐human stock characters that recurred in his thought, speech and writings. The article then gathers together the topographical features and locations which serve as metaphors in his works. Lastly, it considers Serres's legacy as a philosopher of the digital age.
UV‐curable inorganic precursors enable direct 3D printing of SiOC ceramics
Authors: Dory Hippolyte , Miele Philippe , Salameh Chrystelle
Published: August 2022

3D ceramic parts are of great interest for various applications including aerospace, defense, electronics, photonics, and biomedical. Yet, additive manufacturing of ceramics is challenging due to their poor machinability. Herein, two approaches based on the chemical modification of silicon resins to obtain UV‐curable preceramic precursors of SiOC are described. The dual functionality of the synthesized resins acting both as preceramic precursor and as photopolymerizable entity under UV light is exploited. A set of characterization techniques has allowed the investigation of the mechanisms involved in the synthesis of the inorganic SiOC precursors according to the following approaches: (1) blend of the silicon resin with photoactive monomers and (2) synthesis of a single source UV‐curable preceramic silicon resin. A correlation between the nature of the precursor and the properties of the derived SiOC is analyzed. From a technological point of view, the materials can be fabricated as dense or crack‐free porous customized objects with low mass loss and optimal surface quality.
A new asylum law for theKRIand Iraq: Reality or wishful thinking?
Authors: Yassen Abdullah Omar
Published: August 2022

Despite having its own internal population displacement due to conflict and civil war, Iraq and the Kurdistan Region continue to accommodate large numbers of refugees from Iran, Palestine, Syria and Turkey. However, Iraq has not ratified the internationally recognized legal framework for the protection of refugees. Currently, the protection offered to asylum seekers in Iraq is regulated by secondary legislation, mostly in the form of administrative circulars. The lack of an applicable law regulating the status of asylum seekers has led to local‐level ad hoc policy implementation. Similarly, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq has no legal provisions in its domestic legislation to regulate the status of refugees. This study presents: (a) the argument that Iraq must adopt legislation to regulate the entry, exit and stay of migrants, in line with international protection for both asylum seekers and the provision of adequate rights to refugees, and in accordance with international human rights standards; (b) a proposal for provisions for such legislation in Iraq; and (c) a timely impetus to re‐energize local strategies aimed at filling these normative legal gaps through domestic agreements rather than regional and/or international ones.
Assessing the impact of Instagram use and deliberate self‐harm in adolescents: A scoping review
Authors: Moss Carla , Wibberley Christopher , Witham Gary
Published: August 2022

The use of Instagram by adolescents to access deliberate self‐harm content is a growing concern among scholars, mental health professionals and families, with many adolescents (10–19‐year‐olds) imitating offline what they have seen online. This scoping review aims to investigate the extent to which Instagram use impacts the mental health of its adolescent users, identifying whether there is a relationship between time spent on Instagram and engagement in deliberate self‐harm. The databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Google scholar, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL and child development and adolescent studies were explored, and after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 15 papers were included in this review. Thematic analysis indicated that there was a relationship between time spent on Instagram and deliberate self‐harm; desensitization of deliberate self‐harm resulting in normalization; social contagion and that Instagram provided a sense of belonging to its users who engaged in deliberate self‐harm. Implications of this research is that it is quickly outdated as new social media platforms are developed and that the reliance on self‐reports does not have high validity or reliability.
Input control and its signalling effects for complementors' intention to join digital platforms
Authors: Adam Martin , Croitor Evgheni , Werner Dominick , Benlian Alexander , Wiener Martin
Published: August 2022

Existing information systems (IS) research on platform control has largely focused on examining how input control (i.e., the mechanisms used to control platform access) affects complementors' intentions and behaviours after their decision to join a digital platform. Yet, our understanding of how input control is perceived before this decision and how such perceptions influence prospective complementors' intention to join a platform is still nascent. In this regard, our study views input control as a salient signal that shapes prospective complementors' expected benefits and costs (i.e., their performance and effort expectancy), and ultimately their decision to join a digital platform. Drawing on signalling theory and the antecedent‐benefit‐cost (ABC) framework, we conducted a randomized online experiment in the context of donation‐based crowdfunding. The experiment results offer empirical support for this view by showing that input control has distinct and complex signalling effects for prospective complementors. In particular, our findings reveal curvilinear and competing signalling effects, with perceived input control increasing both performance expectancy (at a decreasing rate) and effort expectancy (at an increasing rate). Also, we find that performance expectancy linearly increases prospective complementors' intention to join a platform, whereas effort expectancy linearly decreases their intention to do so. These findings imply that the overall relationship between perceived input control and intention to join follows an inverted U‐shape curve, which means that neither a low nor a high, but a moderate degree of perceived input control maximizes prospective complementors' intention to join. In sum, the results of our study provide novel and important insights into the signalling role that perceived input control plays in shaping prospective complementors' decision to join a digital platform.