bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chiral Benzamidinate Ligands in Rare‐Earth‐Metal Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Benndorf Paul , Kratsch Jochen , Hartenstein Larissa , Preuss Corinna M. , Roesky Peter W.
Published: September 2012

The treatment of the recently reported potassium salt (S)‐N,N′‐bis‐(1‐phenylethyl)benzamidinate ((S)‐KPEBA) and its racemic isomer (rac‐KPEBA) with anhydrous lanthanide trichlorides (Ln=Sm, Er, Yb, Lu) afforded mostly chiral complexes. The tris(amidinate) complex [{(S)‐PEBA}3Sm], bis(amidinate) complexes [{Ln(PEBA)2(μ‐Cl)}2] (Ln=Sm, Er, Yb, Lu), and mono(amidinate) compounds [Ln(PEBA)(Cl)2(thf)n] (Ln=Sm, Yb, Lu) were isolated and structurally characterized. As a result of steric effects, the homoleptic 3:1 complexes of the smaller lanthanide atoms Yb and Lu were not accessible. Furthermore, chiral bis(amidinate)–amido complexes [{(S)‐PEBA}2Ln{N(SiMe3)2}] (Ln=Y, Lu) were synthesized by an amine‐elimination reaction and salt metathesis. All of these chiral bis‐ and tris(amidinate) complexes had additional axial chirality and they all crystallized as diastereomerically pure compounds. By using rac‐PEBA as a ligand, an achiral meso arrangement of the ligands was observed. The catalytic activities and enantioselectivities of [{(S)‐PEBA}2Ln{N(SiMe3)2}] (Ln=Y, Lu) were investigated in hydroamination/cyclization reactions. A clear dependence of the rate of reaction and enantioselectivity on the ionic radius was observed, which showed higher reaction rates but poorer enantioselectivities for the yttrium compound.
Adsorption Characteristics of β‐Ionone in Water on Granular Activated Carbon
Authors: Deng Jing , Shao Yi‐Sheng , Gao Nai‐Yun , Zhou Shi‐Qing , Hu Xu‐Hao
Published: September 2012

The adsorption performance of β‐ionone on four types of granular activated carbon (GAC) in water was investigated through batch experiments. The effect of initial β‐ionone concentrations and natural organic matter (NOM) adsorbed on GAC, adsorption kinetic and isothermal models were also studied. The results showed that four types of GAC all had good adsorption performance for β‐ionone, the equilibrium adsorption amount of the GAC employed was in the order of YK > GK > MZ‐A > MZ‐B. The adsorption amount increased with increasing initial concentrations. The presence of NOM could reduce adsorption of β‐ionone to a certain extent, and small molecular weight (MW) fractions (particularly <1000 Da) exhibited a remarkably competitive effect on the adsorption of β‐ionone. The experimental data showed good correlation with pseudo‐first‐order model. Furthermore, adsorption of β‐ionone on GAC fitted Freundlich, Langmuir, and Tempkin isotherms in the range of experimental concentrations, but followed Freundlich isothermal model most appropriate. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated by the results of the experiment, which showed adsorption of β‐ionone on GAC as being endothermic and spontaneous.
Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, Induction of Apoptosis, and Interaction with DNA of Dinuclear Platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Xu Gang , Gao Chuanzhu , Gou Shaohua , Cao Zhe
Published: September 2012

Six dicarboxylato‐bridged dinuclear platinum(II) complexes S1–S6, with a newly designed chiral ligand, 2‐{[(1R,2R)‐2‐aminocyclohexyl]amino}propanoic acid (HL), were prepared and spectrally characterized. The in vitro cytotoxicity of all resulting platinum(II) complexes was evaluated against human HCT‐116, MCF‐7, and HepG‐2 tumor cell lines. The results show that all compounds exhibit positive biological activity toward HCT‐116 and MCF‐7 cell lines, of which complexes S3, S4, and S5, with succinate and its derivatives as bridges, showing better activity than the positive controls. Moreover, double‐dyeing flow cytometric resection experiments indicate that the target compounds inhibit tumor cell growth by inducing apoptosis; gel electrophoresis experiments demonstrate the compounds′ ability to prompt pET22b plasmid DNA degradation in almost the same way as oxaliplatin.
A Photosensitive Liquid Crystal Studied by 14N NMR, 2H NMR, and DFT Calculations
Authors: Marini Alberto , Zupančič Blaž , Domenici Valentina , Mennucci Benedetta , Zalar Boštjan , Veracini Carlo Alberto
Published: September 2012

An azobenzene derivative, namely diheptylazobenzene, showing the nematic and smectic A liquid crystalline phases, was investigated by means of a combined approach based on NMR and DFT calculations. 14N NMR quadrupole‐ and chemical‐shift‐perturbed spectra were acquired in the whole mesophasic range, providing both experimental quadrupolar splittings and chemical shift anisotropy values. On the same mesogen, deuterium labelled at the α‐position of the hydrocarbon chain, 2H NMR quadrupole‐perturbed spectra were recorded. The analysis of these NMR data was performed with the help of ab initio calculations, in vacuo and by taking into account the effect of the anisotropic environment typical of liquid crystals, by using the IEF‐PCM model. The geometry optimizations of the azomesogen in the trans and cis configurations were performed by DFT calculations employing the combination of B3LYP functional with the 6‐311G(d) basis set. The analysis of experimental NMR data was performed by considering the trans configuration as the most populated one and the corresponding quadrupolar tensors and chemical shielding tensors were determined at the DFT level of theory. The main result of this work is the determination of a relatively high and temperature‐dependent molecular biaxiality of the trans state of this azomesogen.
Impacts of Composition and Post‐Treatment on the Brønsted Acidity of Steam‐Treated Faujasite: Insights from FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Cairon Olivier
Published: September 2012

A detailed FTIR study of the effects of steaming and acid leaching on protonated Y faujasite (FAU) and EMT zeolites is provided and the results are thoroughly analysed. In particular, emphasis is placed on the Brønsted acidic evolution and acidic strength measurements for a large series of as‐modified zeolites using CO as a sensitive probe to distinguish various protonic sites. While an increase of acidity for framework OH groups is observed during the strengthening of dealumination for both FAU and EMT series, the steaming process also generates a large variety of additional Brønsted acidic groups. Regarding acidic strength, these heterogeneous OH groups are sensitive to post‐treatments and their existence strongly depends on the initial composition of the zeolites. The presence of residual Na+ cations in the starting materials induces dramatic Brønsted acidic changes after steaming. As a result, steamed zeolites that initially contain traces of sodium possess unusual acidic Brønsted groups with low acidity. This result contradicts the trend generally observed with framework OH groups, for which steaming results in an increase of Brønsted acidic strength. The study reveals that the situation is indeed more complex, as some compositions and post‐treatments strongly influence the Brønsted acidity of as‐steamed zeolites both in their nature and their corresponding acidic strength. By linking these IR‐compiled features to the as‐exposed modifications, a large acidity scale better suited to characterizing catalysts having Brønsted acidity expanding from lowest to highest strength is proposed.
Prism‐Based Surface Plasmon Coupled Emission Imaging
Authors: Cai Wei‐Peng , Liu Qian , Cao Shuo‐Hui , Weng Yu‐Hua , Liu Xiao‐Qing , Li Yao‐Qun
Published: September 2012

A prism‐based surface plasmon coupled emission (SPCE) imaging apparatus with a reverse Kretschmann (RK) configuration was developed and applied to dye‐doped polymer films. Highly polarized, directional and enhanced fluorescence images were obtained. The angular distribution of the SPCE images was in accordance with the validated theoretical calculation performed using Fresnel equation. Prism‐based SPCE imaging combined with microarray technology appears to be a promising platform for rapid and high‐throughput analysis, especially for high‐density arrays. We believe that prism‐based SPCE imaging has potential applications in biochemical research.
A Spectroscopic and Computational Study of Propofol Dimers and Their Hydrated Clusters
Authors: León Iker , Millán Judith , Castaño Fernando , Fernández José A.
Published: September 2012

Propofol (2,6‐diisopropylphenol, PPF) homodimers and their complexes with one water molecule are analyzed by means of mass‐resolved excitation spectroscopy. Using two‐color resonance‐enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) the S1 electronic spectra of these systems are obtained, avoiding fragmentation. Due to the large size of these species, the spectra present a large abundance of lines. Using UV/UV hole‐burning spectroscopy, two isomers of PPF2 are found and the existence of at least three isomers for propofol2(H2O)1 (PPF2W1) is demonstrated. Comparison with the structures calculated at the M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p) and M06‐2X/6‐31+G(d) levels of theory shows that the main driving forces in PPF2 are several CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions accompanied by dipole–dipole interaction between the OH moieties. On the other hand, there is evidence for the formation of cyclic hydrogen‐bond structures in the heterotrimers. A comparison of the results obtained herein with those of similar systems from previously published studies follows.
Synthesis, Physicochemical Studies, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, and Metal‐Ion‐Dependent Antiproliferative and Antiangiogenic Properties of Cone ICL670‐Substituted Calix[4]arenes
Authors: Rouge Pascal , Dassonville‐Klimpt Alexandra , Cézard Christine , Boudesocque Stéphanie , Ourouda Roger , Amant Carole , Gaboriau François , Forfar Isabelle , Guillon Jean , Guillon Emmanuel , Vanquelef Enguerran , Cieplak Piotr , Dupradeau François‐Yves , Dupont Laurent , Sonnet Pascal
Published: September 2012

Iron chelators, through their capacity to modulate the iron concentration in cells, are promising molecules for cancer chemotherapy. Chelators with high lipophilicity easily enter into cells and deplete the iron intracellular pool. Consequently, iron‐dependent enzymes, such as ribonucleotide reductase, which is over‐expressed in cancer cells, become nonfunctional. A series of calix[4]arene derivatives substituted at the lower rim by ICL670, a strong FeIII chelator, have been synthesized. Physicochemical properties and antiproliferative, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis effects of two calix[4]arenes mono‐ (5 a) or disubstituted (5 b) with ICL670 have been studied. These compounds form metal complexes in a ratio of one to two ligands per FeIII atom as shown by combined analyses of the protometric titration curves and ESIMS spectra. The grafting of an ICL670 group on a calix[4]arene core does not significantly alter the acid–base properties, but improves the iron‐chelating and lipophilicity properties. The best antiproliferative and antiangiogenic results were obtained with calix[4]arene ligand 5 a, which possesses the highest corresponding properties. Analyses of molecular dynamics simulations performed on the two calix[4]arenes provide three‐dimensional structures of the complexes and proved 5 a to be the most stable upon complexation.
Evaluation of the Catalytic Performance of Gas‐Evolving Electrodes using Local Electrochemical Noise Measurements
Authors: Zeradjanin Aleksandar R. , Ventosa Edgar , Bondarenko Alexander S. , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: September 2012

Characterization of gas evolution reactions at the electrode/electrolyte boundary is often difficult due to the dynamic behavior of interfacial processes. Electrochemical noise measurements determined by scanning electrochemical microscopy were used to characterize Cl2 evolution at gas‐evolving electrodes (GEEs). Analysis of the electrochemical noise is a powerful method to evaluate the efficiency of the catalyst layer at a GEE. The high sensitivity of the developed measurement system enabled accurate monitoring of the current fluctuations caused by gas‐bubble detachment from the electrode surface. Fourier transform analysis of the obtained current responses allows extraction of the characteristic frequency, which is the main parameter of the macrokinetics of GEEs. The characteristic frequency was used as part of a methodology to evaluate the catalyst performance and, in particular, to estimate the fraction of the catalyst layer that is active during the gas evolution reaction.
Selective Synthesis of 1‐O‐Alkyl(poly)glycerol Ethers by Catalytic Reductive Alkylation of Carboxylic Acids with a Recyclable Catalytic System
Authors: Sutter Marc , Dayoub Wissam , Métay Estelle , Raoul Yann , Lemaire Marc
Published: September 2012

(Poly)glycerol monoethers were synthesized in good yield and selectivity by the catalytic reductive alkylation of glycerol, diglycerol, and triglycerol with readily available, cheap and/or bio‐sourced carboxylic acids. The reaction was catalyzed by 1 mol % of Pd/C under 50 bar H2 using an acid ion‐exchange resin as a recyclable cocatalyst. The catalytic system was recycled several times, and a mechanism is proposed for this transformation.
Influence of nitrogen addition on fundamental discharge properties in alternating current plasma display panels
Authors: Oda Akinori , Hirano Yoshikuni
Published: September 2012

In order to clarify the influence of the addition of nitrogen on the fundamental properties of plasma display panel (PDP) discharges in a Ne/Xe (10%) gas mixture, the PDP discharges in Ne/Xe/N2 gas mixtures have been simulated using a one‐dimensional fluid model that is based on the continuity equations for electrons, ions, excited atoms and molecules, with the Poisson equation and the electron energy balance equation. Based on the simulation results, we found that a pulsed discharge with a short time ( 100 ns) occurs once during every half cycle. At a nitrogen concentration of more than 100 ppm, a phase delay of the gap voltage and discharge current in Ne/Xe gas mixture PDP discharges began to appear. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(10): 37–43, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10399
Manganese Detection with a Metal Catalyst Free Carbon Nanotube Electrode: Anodic versus Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Yue Wei , Bange Adam , Riehl Bill L. , Riehl Bonnie D. , Johnson Jay M. , Papautsky Ian , Heineman William R.
Published: September 2012

Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) were used to determine Mn concentration using metal catalyst free carbon nanotube (MCFCNT) electrodes and square wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV). The MCFCNTs are synthesized using a Carbo Thermal Carbide Conversion method which results in a material that does not contain residual transition metals. Detection limits of 120 nM and 93 nM were achieved for ASV and CSV, respectively, with a deposition time of 60 s. CSV was found to be better than ASV in Mn detection in many aspects, such as limit of detection and sensitivity. The CSV method was used in pond water matrix addition measurements.
Square‐Wave Voltammetry of Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin on Glassy‐Carbon and Paraffin‐Impregnated Graphite Electrode
Authors: Novak Ivana , Komorsky‐Lovrić Šebojka
Published: September 2012

Electrochemical oxidation of sodium copper chlorophyllin (CHL) has been investigated at a glassy‐carbon (GC) and paraffin‐impregnated graphite electrode (PIGE) using square‐wave voltammetry (SWV). Square‐wave voltammograms of other two chlorin‐type compounds, namely chlorin e6 and chlorophyll a, have been studied as well. The measurements were performed in the pH range between 7 and 11. The square‐wave frequency was changed between 8 and 1000 Hz. The oxidation of studied chlorins is a complex, pH‐independent, reversible or quasireversible process, followed by the chemical transformation of the product. The product of the EC reaction of CHL is an electroactive ππ dimer, which strongly adsorbs on the electrode surface and undergoes further oxidation at more positive potential. The electrooxidation of the adsorbed dimer is a pH‐independent irreversible process with the formation of an electroinactive film. The voltammetric behaviour of chlorin e6 on PIGE was qualitatively similar to that of CHL. The SW voltammograms of chlorin e6 recorded on GCE and of chlorophyll a recorded on PIGE consisted of only one peak. The SW responses of studied compounds strongly depend on the stabilization of the reaction intermediate by adsorption to the electrode surface.
A Novel Three‐Electrode System Fabricated on Polymethyl Methacrylate for On‐Chip Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Wongkaew Nongnoot , Kirschbaum Stefanie E. K. , Surareungchai Werasak , Durst Richard A. , Baeumner Antje J.
Published: September 2012

A new strategy of three‐electrode system fabrication in polymer‐based microfluidic systems is described here. Standard lithography, hot embossing and UV‐assisted thermal bonding were employed for fabrication and assembly of the microfluidic chip. For the electrode design the gold working (WE) and counter electrodes (CE) are placed inside a main channel through which the sample solution passes. A silver reference electrode (RE) is embedded in a small side channel containing KCl solution that is continuously pushed into the main channel. In the present work, the overall electrochemical set up and its microfabrication is described. Conditions including silver ion concentration, cyclic voltammetry (CV) settings, and the flow rate of KCl solution in the RE channel were optimized. The electrochemical performance of the three‐electrode system was evaluated by CV and also by amperometric oxidation of ferro hexacyanide ([Fe(CN)6]4−) and ruthenium bipyridyl ([Ru(bipy)3]2+) at 400 mV and 1200 mV, respectively. CV analysis using ferri/ferro hexacyanide showed a stable, quasi‐reversible redox reaction at the electrodes with 96 mV peak separation and an anodic/cathodic peak ratio of 1. Amperometric analysis of the electrochemical species resulted in linear correlation between analyte concentration and current response in the range of 0.5–15 µM for [Fe(CN)6]4−, and 0–1000 µM for [Ru(bipy)3]2+. Upon the given experimental conditions, the limit of detection was found to be 3.15 µM and 24.83 µM for [Fe(CN)6]4− and [Ru(bipy)3]2+, respectively. As a fully integrated three‐electrode system that is fabricated on polymer substrates, it has great applications in microfluidic‐based systems requiring stable electrochemical detection.
Determination of Sulfamethizole Using Voltammetry and Amperometry on Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Dejmkova Hana , Mikes Miroslav , Barek Jiri , Zima Jiri
Published: September 2012

Two methods for the determination of sulfamethizole on a carbon paste electrode (CPE) in pharmaceutical and urine samples were developed, using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and HPLC with amperometric detection. The voltammetric method is advantageous because of the undemanding sample treatment and quick, inexpensive and reliable determination and it is applicable for the sulfamethizole determination in pharmaceutical formulations. The chromatographic method was combined with SPE extraction. It provides higher selectivity and sensitivity while keeping the simple and inexpensive arrangement and allows the determination of sulfamethizole in a biological matrix.
Direct Electrochemistry of Heme Proteins on Electrodes Modified with Didodecyldimethyl Ammonium Bromide and Carbon Black
Authors: Suprun Elena V. , Arduini Fabiana , Moscone Danila , Palleschi Giuseppe , Shumyantseva Victoria V. , Archakov Alexander I.
Published: September 2012

A novel matrix based on commercially available carbon black (CB) N220 and didodecyldimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB) was shown to be a reliable support for direct electron transfer reactions between screen printed electrode (SPE) and Fe(III)‐heme proteins. Cytochrome c (cyt c), myoglobin (Mb), horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and cytochromes P450 (CYP 51A1, CYP 3A4, CYP 2B4) generated well‐shaped cyclic voltammograms on SPE/CB/DDAB electrodes (both in solution and in immobilized state). The attractive performance characteristics of CB modified electrodes are advantageous over single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SW CNT) based ones. The achieved direct electrochemistry of heme proteins on CB/DDAB‐modified electrodes provided successful elaboration of the immunosensor for cardiac Mb. The immunosensor showed applicability for diagnostics of myocardial infarction displaying significant difference in cardiac Mb content of human blood plasma samples taken from the corresponding patients.
Dissociated neural correlates of quantity processing of quantifiers, numbers, and numerosities
Authors: Wei Wei , Chen Chuansheng , Yang Tao , Zhang Han , Zhou Xinlin
Published: September 2012

Quantities can be represented using either mathematical language (i.e., numbers) or natural language (i.e., quantifiers). Previous studies have shown that numerical processing elicits greater activation in the brain regions around the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) relative to other semantic processes. However, little research has been conducted to investigate whether the IPS is also critical for the semantic processing of quantifiers in natural language. In this study, 20 adults were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they performed semantic distance judgment involving six types of materials (i.e., frequency adverbs, quantity pronouns and nouns, animal names, Arabic digits, number words, and dot arrays). Conjunction analyses of brain activation showed that numbers and dot arrays elicited greater activation in the right IPS than did words (i.e., animal names) or quantifiers (i.e., frequency adverbs and quantity pronouns and nouns). Quantifiers elicited more activation in left middle temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus than did numbers and dot arrays. No differences were found between quantifiers and animal names. These findings suggest that, although quantity processing for numbers and dot arrays typically relies on the right IPS region, quantity processing for quantifiers typically relies on brain regions for general semantic processing. Thus, the IPS does not appear to be the only brain region for quantity processing. Hum Brain Mapp 35:444–454, 2014. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Small‐vessel disease in patients with Parkinson's disease: A clinicopathological study
Authors: Schwartz Raymond S. , Halliday Glenda M. , Cordato Dennis J. , Kril Jillian J.
Published: September 2012

Few studies have examined the relationship between cerebrovascular disease, vascular risk factors, and Parkinson's disease (PD), although 1 study found small‐vessel disease (SVD) to be the main subtype of cerebrovascular disease. In this study we compared the extent and topography of SVD and assessed associated vascular risk factors in autopsy‐proven PD cases and community‐dwelling controls. Seventy‐seven PD and 32 control brains from the Sydney Brain Bank were assessed microscopically by a single examiner blinded to the diagnosis. SVD was assessed by grading perivascular pallor, gliosis, hyaline thickening, and enlargement of perivascular spaces in the white matter underlying the superior frontal and primary motor cortices, basal ganglia, and white matter tracts. A history of vascular risk factors (hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and cigarette smoking) was obtained. Groups were compared using stepwise multiple regression analysis. There was significantly greater frontal pallor (P = .004) and widening of perivascular spaces in the globus pallidus interna (P = .007) in controls compared with PD. Hyaline thickening and widening of perivascular spaces in the frontal white matter, hyaline thickening in the motor white matter, and widening of perivascular spaces in the caudate nucleus were more common in the control group, but did not reach significance. The prevalence of vascular risk factors and SVD pathology was significantly lower in autopsy‐proven PD compared with controls (P = .03) living in the same community. The results of this study support the need for further research in this area. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Grip and pinch strength among selected adult occupational groups
Authors: Harth Angela , Vetter W.R.
Published: September 2012

A survey of 402 normal subjects (203 men, 199 women) was conducted to assist in distinguishing potential differences in norms of hand strength. Norm data had previously been collected from mixed occupational groups, but in the present study it was hypothesised that people involved in heavy manual work on a daily basis might possess greater hand strength than others. The volunteers were adults working in industry and agriculture; they were subdivided into occupational categories. Measurements of grip, key and palmar pinch using the Jamar dynamometer and B and L pinch gauge were collected, using the protocol described by Mathiowetz. Volunteers also rated their individual hand strength job requirements subjectively. Mean values were established with regard to age, sex, dominance, occupational group and subjective rating. Significant differences were found with regard to age and sex but not to dominance; there was no evidence of differences between occupational groups or between subjective rating and individual scoring, i.e. volunteers who perceived their job as requiring a high degree of strength did not achieve higher test measurements than others. A high interrater reliability was demonstrated when comparing these follow‐up measurements with the original data. It was concluded that, for clinical and rehabilitative purposes, therapists can interpret assessment of outcome most accurately by comparing patients' results with the existing norm data.
ICIDH‐PR: A potential model for occupational therapy
Authors: Martini Rose , Polatajko Helene J. , Wilcox Anne
Published: September 2012

Occupational therapists frequently work with clients who are challenged by chronic disabilities that may often lead to handicaps. Consequently, chronicity and possible resulting handicaps are matters of concern for occupational therapists in all domains, including: practice, research and education. In 1980 the World Health Organization put forth a classification scheme to capture the long‐term consequences of disease: the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH). Its use within occupational therapy was advocated. They showed that the constructs of this classification system mirrored those of occupational therapy's occupational performance model. More recently, a proposal for the revision of the ICIDH (ICIDH‐PR) has been advanced. This proposal is consistent with the enablement and occupational competence models. Within this proposed model, occupational therapy is concerned with enabling clients to interact optimally within their chosen environments. This paper presents a brief review of a selected portion of the international literature on the ICIDH and introduces the proposed revision of the ICIDH for occupational therapy. The structure of this proposed classification is compared with the occupational therapy models. The implications that the use of the ICIDH‐PR will have for occupational therapy are also addressed.
Educating occupational therapy students about psychiatric rehabilitation: A qualitative evaluation
Authors: Cookm Joanne Valiant
Published: September 2012

Concern about occupational therapy students' knowledge of and attitudes towards people with severe mental illness and their rehabilitation led to the development of a new course in the mental health curriculum. The course was designed to introduce the students to the philosophy, research and practices of psychiatric rehabilitation. The personal, instructional experience of using the training technology (learning and teaching modules) developed by the Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University in a 7‐week fourth year course, over a period of 3 years, is described. As well, a selection of the written perspectives of the students on their exposure to the philosophy of psychiatric rehabilitation, the requisite skills of practitioners and the learning package materials (reference workbooks and audiovisual aids) is provided to illustrate the benefits of this very brief introduction to psychiatric rehabilitation in a university classroom setting.
Community participation and community‐based rehabilitation: An Indonesian case study
Authors: Lysack Catherine L.
Published: September 2012

Primary health care (PHC) and its commitment to community participation has been integral in the development of health care systems internationally. Community‐based rehabilitation (CBR) and its grassroots approach to disability are closely allied with PHC and have adopted many of its principles, including that of participation. This paper briefly reviews the success of community participation with respect to PHC, and then examines the potential of an expanded notion of community participation within the realm of CBR. Although community participation is most often considered in the development and implementation of programmes, more recently, participation is being seen as an essential component of programme evaluation. The ideas presented here will be illustrated with examples from the author's research in Indonesia. As occupational therapy is increasing its focus on community‐based practice and research, it is incumbent upon the profession to use the important lessons learned through more than 20 years of PHC, so that the goal of improving the lives of persons with disability world wide can be achieved.
Motor skills in Australian children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Doyle Sharon , Wallen Margaret , Whitmont Stephanie
Published: September 2012

The motor skills of 38 children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were assessed. The majority of children had gross and fine motor skills within the normal range, with age appropriate coordination. Gross motor skills were a relative strength compared with fine motor skills. Parents' ratings of children's motor skills were generally lower than performance as indicated by standardised assessment. It is proposed that attention and concentration deficits account for the perception that children with ADHD have impaired motor skills as indicated by the lower ratings of parents in this domain, and for the fact that gross motor skills were stronger than fine motor skills, i.e. that fine motor skills require greater application to task and therefore may be more susceptible to concentration difficulties. Intervention should be aimed at assisting children to develop strategies to promote attention within the various environments where they are required to participate.
Oxidative stress and myocardial injury in the diabetic heart
Authors: Ansley David M , Wang Baohua
Published: September 2012

Reactive oxygen or nitrogen species play an integral role in both myocardial injury and repair. This dichotomy is differentiated at the level of species type, amount and duration of free radical generated. Homeostatic mechanisms designed to prevent free radical generation in the first instance, scavenge, or enzymatically convert them to less toxic forms and water, playing crucial roles in the maintenance of cellular structure and function. The outcome between functional recovery and dysfunction is dependent upon the inherent ability of these homeostatic antioxidant defences to withstand acute free radical generation, in the order of seconds to minutes. Alternatively, pre‐existent antioxidant capacity (from intracellular and extracellular sources) may regulate the degree of free radical generation. This converts reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to the role of second messenger involved in cell signalling. The adaptive capacity of the cell is altered by the balance between death or survival signal converging at the level of the mitochondria, with distinct pathophysiological consequences that extends the period of injury from hours to days and weeks. Hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance enhance oxidative stress in the diabetic myocardium that cannot adapt to ischaemia–reperfusion. Altered glucose flux, mitochondrial derangements and nitric oxide synthase uncoupling in the presence of decreased antioxidant defence and impaired prosurvival cell signalling may render the diabetic myocardium more vulnerable to injury, remodelling and heart failure.
A mixed method approach to describe the out‐of‐pocket expenses incurred by families of children with cancer
Authors: Tsimicalis Argerie , Stevens Bonnie , Ungar Wendy J. , McKeever Patricia , Greenberg Mark , Agha Mohammad , Guerriere Denise , Naqvi Ahmed , Barr Ronald
Published: September 2012

Background

Families of children with cancer are confronted with a broad range of direct costs (out‐of‐pocket expenses), but the nature of these costs is poorly understood. This study aimed to disaggregate and describe these costs.

Procedure

A prospective, mixed method, cost‐of‐illness design was utilized. Starting in the fourth week following their child's diagnosis, parents recorded resources consumed, and costs incurred for 1 week per month for 3 consecutive months. Any additional costs not captured in this typical 1 week period were added for the remainder of the month. Parents also discussed their costs in an audio‐taped interview at the end of the 3 months. Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analyses were performed to disaggregate and describe families' costs.

Results

In total, 99 families reported utilizing 16 cost categories and 74 cost items. Nearly three quarters of these costs were attributed to travel (56%) and food (18%). Costly items included acquisition of a car ($CAD35,000), relocation of a family ($CAD6,000), and purchase of a wheelchair ($CAD6,800). Parents described facing significant out‐of‐pocket expenses to ensure that their children had access to cancer treatment, to cope with the clinical treatment side effects of treatment, and to maintain the family household.

Conclusion

Families of children with cancer experience a wide range of costs. Our understanding of the nature of their costs and resource use may formulate the basis for future cost assessments and provide insight into practice and policy changes aimed at lessening the economic impact of this burden. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 438–445. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LHC sensitivity to lepton flavour violating Z boson decays
Authors: Davidson Sacha , Lacroix Sylvain , Verdier Patrice
Published: September 2012

Abstract

We estimate that the LHC could set bounds BR(Z → μ
±
e
∓) < 4.1 × 10−7 and BR(Z → τ
±
μ
∓) < 3.5 × 10−6 (at 95% C.L.) with 20 fb−1 of data at 8 TeV. A similar sensitivity can be anticipated for Z → τ
±
e
∓, because we consider leptonic τ decays such that Z → τ
±
μ
∓ → e
±
μ
∓ + invisible. These limits can be compared to the LEP1 bounds of order 10−5 → 10−6. Such collider searches are sensitive to a flavour-changing effective Z coupling which is energy dependent, so are complementary to bounds obtained from
$ \tau \to \ell \overline \ell \ell $
and
$ \mu \to e\overline e e $
.
Eutrophication of mountain lakes in Japan due to increasing deposition of anthropogenically produced dust
Authors: Tsugeki Narumi K. , Agusa Tetsuro , Ueda Shingo , Kuwae Michinobu , Oda Hirotaka , Tanabe Shinsuke , Tani Yukinori , Toyoda Kazuhiro , Wang Wan‐lin , Urabe Jotaro
Published: September 2012

Atmospheric dust has wide‐reaching effects, not only influencing climate conditions, but also ecosystems. The eastern region of the Asian continent is one of the largest emitters of dust in the world, and recent economic growth in the region has been accompanied by an increase in anthropogenic emissions. However, the effects of increased Asian dusts on aquatic ecosystems are not well understood. We examined fossil pigments and zooplankton remains from 210Pb‐dated sediments taken from high mountain lakes of Hourai‐Numa and Hachiman‐Numa, located in the Towada‐Hachimantai National Park of Japan Islands, to uncover historical changes in the phyto‐ and zooplankton community over the past 100 years. Simultaneously, we measured the geochemical variables of TOC, TN, TP, δ13C, δ15N, and lead isotopes (207Pb/206Pb, 208Pb/206Pb) in the sediments to identify environmental factors causing such changes. As a result, despite few anthropogenic activities in the watersheds, alpine lakes in Japan had increased algal and herbivore plankton biomasses by 3–6 fold for recent years depending on the surrounding terrestrial vegetation and landscape conditions. Biological and biogeochemical proxies recorded from the lake sediments showed that this eutrophication occurred after the 1990s when P deposition increased as a result of atmospheric loading of dust transported from the Asian continent. The continued increase of anthropogenically produced dust may therefore impart damaging impacts on mountain ecosystems even if they are protected from direct anthropogenic disturbances.
Functional characterization of a novel Mn2+ dependent protein serine/threonine kinase KpnK, produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae strain MGH78578
Authors: Srinivasan Vijaya Bharathi , Vaidyanathan Vasanth , Mondal Amitabha , Venkataramaiah Manjunath , Rajamohan Govindan
Published: September 2012

KpnK
phosphorylates
KpnK
by protein kinase assay (View interaction).
Elevated level of human RPA interacting protein α (hRIPα) in cervical tumor cells is involved in cell proliferation through regulating RPA transport
Authors: Namkoong Sim , Lee Eun-Ju , Jang Ik-Soon , Park Junsoo
Published: September 2012

Replication protein A (RPA) is a eukaryotic single‐stranded DNA binding protein that is essential for DNA replication, repair, and recombination, and human RPA interacting protein α (hRIPα) is the nuclear transporter of RPA. Here, we report the regulatory role of hRIPα protein in cell proliferation. Western blot analysis revealed that the level of hRIPα was frequently elevated in cervical tumors tissues and hRIPα knockdown by siRNA inhibited cellular proliferation through deregulation of the cell cycle. In addition, overexpression of hRIPα resulted in increased clonogenicity. These results indicate that hRIPα is involved in cell proliferation through regulation of RPA transport.
NOK/STYK1 interacts with GSK‐3β and mediates Ser9 phosphorylation through activated Akt
Authors: Li Jing , Wu Fang , Sheng Feng , Li Yi-Jia , Jin Da , Ding Xue , Zhang Shuping
Published: September 2012

GSK3B
physically interacts with
NOK
by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction).
Structural features of human histone acetyltransferase p300 and its complex with p53
Authors: Banerjee Siddhartha , M Arif , Rakshit Tatini , Roy Neeladri S. , Kundu Tapas K. , Roy Siddhartha , Mukhopadhyay Rupa
Published: September 2012

p300
and
p53
bind by atomic force microscopy (View interaction)
Site‐specific cleavage of mutant ABL mRNA by DNAzyme is facilitated by peptide nucleic acid binding to RNA substrate
Authors: Kim Ji Eun , Yoon Soojin , Mok Hyejung , Jung Woong , Kim Dong-Eun
Published: September 2012

RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes were constructed to target the point mutation in the BCR–ABL transcript that causes imatinib resistance in leukemic cells. We examined the effect of 12mer peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) as facilitator oligonucleotides that bind to RNA substrate at the termini of the DNAzyme to improve DNAzyme‐mediated cleavage of full‐length RNA. When imatinib‐resistant cells were transfected with the facilitator PNA and DNAzyme, DNAzyme activity was enhanced and the cells were sensitized to imatinib treatment. Thus, facilitator PNA may be used to enhance activity of antisense oligonucleotide targeting the full‐length transcript.
miR‐134 inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition by targeting FOXM1 in non‐small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Li Jipeng , Wang Yiping , Luo Jianping , Fu Zhongming , Ying Jianfei , Yu Yanhong , Yu Wanjun
Published: September 2012

Recent studies have implied that miRNAs act as crucial modulators for epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). We found that miR‐134 expression correlated with invasive potential and EMT phenotype of NSCLC cells. Functional assays demonstrated that miR‐134 inhibited EMT in NSCLC cells. In addition, we showed that Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) is a direct target of miR‐134. Knockdown of FOXM1 reversed EMT resembling that of miR‐134 overexpression. We further found that FOXM1 was involved in TGF‐β1‐induced EMT in A549 cells. These findings suggest that miR‐134 acts as a novel EMT suppressor in NSCLC cells.
A 14,000 year vegetation history of a hypermaritime island on the outer Pacific coast of Canada based on fossil pollen, spores and conifer stomata
Authors: Lacourse Terri , Delepine J. Michelle , Hoffman Elizabeth H. , Mathewes Rolf W.
Published: September 2012

Pollen and conifer stomata analyses of lake sediments from Hippa Island on the north coast of British Columbia were used to reconstruct the vegetation history of this small hypermaritime island. Between 14,000 and 13,230 cal yr BP, the island supported diverse herb–shrub communities dominated by Cyperaceae, Artemisia and Salix. Pinus contorta and Picea sitchensis stomata indicate that these conifers were present among the herb–shrub communities, likely as scattered individuals. Transition to open P. contorta woodland by 13,000 cal yr BP was followed by increases in Alnus viridis, Alnus rubra and P. sitchensis. After 12,000 cal yr BP, Pinus-dominated communities were replaced by dense P. sitchensis and Tsuga heterophylla forest with Lysichiton americanus and fern understory. Thuja plicata stomata indicate that this species was present by 8700 cal yr BP, but the pollen record suggests that its populations did not expand to dominate regional rainforests, along with Tsuga and Picea, until after 6600 cal yr BP. Conifer stomata indicate that species may be locally present for hundreds to thousands of years before pollen exceed thresholds routinely used to infer local species arrival. When combined, pollen and conifer stomata can provide a more accurate record of paleovegetation than either when used alone.
The development of associative word learning in monolingual and bilingual infants
Authors: BYERS-HEINLEIN KRISTA , FENNELL CHRISTOPHER T. , WERKER JANET F.
Published: September 2012

Children growing up bilingual face a unique linguistic environment. The current study investigated whether early bilingual experience influences the developmental trajectory of associative word learning, a foundational mechanism for lexical acquisition. Monolingual and bilingual infants (N= 98) were tested on their ability to learn dissimilar-sounding words (lifandneem) in the Switch task. Twelve-month-olds from both language backgrounds failed to detect a violation of a previously taught word–object pairing. However, both monolinguals and bilinguals succeeded at 14 months, and their performance did not differ. The results indicate that early bilingual experience does not interfere with the development of the fundamental ability to form word–object associations, suggesting that this mechanism is robust across different early language environments.
Statistical characterization of the reproducibility of neutron emission of small plasma focus devices
Authors: Tarifeño-Saldivia Ariel , Soto Leopoldo
Published: September 2012

The purpose of this work is to discuss the techniques related to the detection of fast pulsed neutrons produced in plasma focus (PF) devices, the statistical analysis of the corresponding data, and the methodologies for evaluation of the device performance in low emission neutron sources. A general mathematical framework is presented for the assessment of the reproducibility of the neutron emission of small PF devices given the shot-to-shot distribution and detector efficiency. The effect on the reproducibility in case of using two independent detectors is also discussed. The analysis is applied to the neutron emission of the plasma focus device PF-50J operating in repetitive mode (0.1–0.5 Hz and 65 J bank energy).
Predicting the outcome of roulette
Authors: Small Michael , Tse Chi Kong
Published: September 2012

There have been several popular reports of various groups exploiting the deterministic nature of the game of roulette for profit. Moreover, through its history, the inherent determinism in the game of roulette has attracted the attention of many luminaries of chaos theory. In this paper, we provide a short review of that history and then set out to determine to what extent that determinism can really be exploited for profit. To do this, we provide a very simple model for the motion of a roulette wheel and ball and demonstrate that knowledge of initial position, velocity, and acceleration is sufficient to predict the outcome with adequate certainty to achieve a positive expected return. We describe two physically realizable systems to obtain this knowledge both incognito and in situ. The first system relies only on a mechanical count of rotation of the ball and the wheel to measure the relevant parameters. By applying these techniques to a standard casino-grade European roulette wheel, we demonstrate an expected return of at least 18%, well above the −2.7% expected of a random bet. With a more sophisticated, albeit more intrusive, system (mounting a digital camera above the wheel), we demonstrate a range of systematic and statistically significant biases which can be exploited to provide an improved guess of the outcome. Finally, our analysis demonstrates that even a very slight slant in the roulette table leads to a very pronounced bias which could be further exploited to substantially enhance returns.
Electron scattering cross sections from HCN over a broad energy range (0.1–10 000 eV): Influence of the permanent dipole moment on the scattering process
Authors: Sanz A. G. , Fuss M. C. , Blanco F. , Sebastianelli F. , Gianturco F. A. , García G.
Published: September 2012

We report theoretical integral and differential cross sections for electron scattering from hydrogen cyanide derived from two ab initio scattering potential methods. For low energies (0.1–100 eV), we have used the symmetry adapted-single centre expansion method using a multichannel scattering formulation of the problem. For intermediate and high energies (10–10 000 eV), we have applied an optical potential method based on a screening corrected independent atom representation. Since HCN is a strong polar molecule, further dipole-induced excitations have been calculated in the framework of the first Born approximation and employing a transformation to a space-fixed reference frame of the calculated K-matrix elements. Results are compared with experimental data available in the literature and a complete set of recommended integral elastic, inelastic, and total scattering cross sections is provided from 0.1 to 10 000 eV.
Visual Influence on Haptic Torque Perception
Authors: Xu Yangqing , O'Keefe Shélan , Suzuki Satoru , Franconeri Steven L
Published: September 2012

The brain receives input from multiple sensory modalities simultaneously, yet we experience the outside world as a single integrated percept. This integration process must overcome instances where perceptual information conflicts across sensory modalities. Under such conflicts, the relative weighting of information from each modality typically depends on the given task. For conflicts between visual and haptic modalities, visual information has been shown to influence haptic judgments of object identity, spatial features (eg location, size), texture, and heaviness. Here we test a novel instance of haptic–visual conflict in the perception of torque. We asked participants to hold a left–right unbalanced object while viewing a potentially left-right mirror-reversed image of the object. Despite the intuition that the more proximal haptic information should dominate the perception of torque, we find that visual information exerts substantial influences on torque perception even when participants know that visual information is unreliable.