bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cynomolgus monkey’s retina volume reference database based on hybrid deep learning optical coherence tomography segmentation
Authors: Denk Nora , Freichel Christian , Valmaggia Philippe , Inglin Nadja , Scholl Hendrik P. N. , Kaiser Pascal , Wise Sylvie , Vezina Marc , Maloca Peter M.
Published: April 2023

Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) are commonly used in pre-clinical ocular studies. However, studies that report the morphological features of the macaque retina are based only on minimal sample sizes; therefore, little is known about the normal distribution and background variation. This study was conducted using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging to investigate the variations in retinal volumes of healthy cynomolgus monkeys and the effects of sex, origin, and eye side on the retinal volumes to establish a comprehensive reference database. A machine-learning algorithm was employed to segment the retina within the OCT data (i.e., generated pixel-wise labels). Furthermore, a classical computer vision algorithm has identified the deepest point in a foveolar depression. The retinal volumes were determined and analyzed based on this reference point and segmented retinal compartments. Notably, the overall foveolar mean volume in zone 1, which is the region of the sharpest vision, was 0.205 mm3 (range 0.154–0.268 mm3), with a relatively low coefficient of variation of 7.9%. Generally, retinal volumes exhibit a relatively low degree of variation. However, significant differences in the retinal volumes due to the monkey’s origin were identified. Additionally, sex had a significant impact on the paracentral retinal volume. Therefore, the origin and sex of cynomolgus monkeys should be considered when evaluating the macaque retinal volumes based on this dataset.
Ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of binary compounds A2B (A = Cs, Rb & B = Se, Te) with higher-order anharmonicity correction
Authors: Zeng Shuming , Fang Lei , Tu Yusong , Zulfiqar M. , Li Geng
Published: April 2023

By employing first-principles calculations that integrate self-consistent phonon theory and the Boltzmann transport equation, we have delved into the thermal transport characteristics of hexagonal anisotropic materials A2B (A = Cs, Rb and B = Se, Te).
Effect of modulator ligands on the growth of Co2(dobdc) nanorods
Authors: Pappas Nina S. , Mason Jarad A.
Published: April 2023

Modulated syntheses allow the size and external surface chemistry of anisotropic metal–organic framework nanocrystals to be manipulated in a predictable fashion.
Inorganic ion-sensitive imaging probes for biomedical applications
Authors: Wang Qiyue , Wang Pengzhan , Huang Canyu , Cui Sirui , Yang Shengfei , Li Fangyuan , Ling Daishun
Published: April 2023

This review highlights the design and fabrication of inorganic ion-sensitive probes from the perspective of imaging principles, and their applications in dynamic imaging of the ion levels in living organisms.
Au → M bonds promote catalytic alkyne hydrofunctionalisation
Authors: Eltester M. Alexander , Gildenast Hans , Rabatinová Kristína , Pütz Christopher , Cremer Christopher , Lanzerath Patrick , Schroers Julian P. , Tauchert Michael E.
Published: April 2023

Coordination of metalloligands Cu+, Ag+ and Zn2+ controls the Lewis acidity of heterobimetallic AuI catalysts thus promoting alkyne hydrofunctionalisation.
A multi-stage crystallization separation process operated under three-phase conditions to obtain high-purity and high-yield para-xylene from xylene mixtures
Authors: Cai Zhenxing , Zhao Hui , Liu Jixiang , Chen Xiaobo , Yang Chaohe
Published: April 2023

A multi-stage crystallization separation process operated under three-phase conditions was proposed, which has a yield of more than 80% and purity in excess of 99.5% for p-xylene purified from a practical xylene mixture.
Efficient quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells aided by mesoporous TiO2 beads and a non-volatile gel polymer electrolyte
Authors: Mohsenzadegan N. , Nouri E. , Mohammadi M. R.
Published: April 2023

Sunlight harvesting of DSSCs was improved through a 3D hierarchical structure aided by mesoporous TiO2 beads and their operational stability was enhanced via a quasi-solid-state configuration using a gel polymer electrolyte.
Superior microwave absorption ability of CuFe2O4/MWCNT at whole Ku-band and half X-band
Authors: Tahamipoor Mahla , Hekmatara Hoda
Published: April 2023

Recently, with the increasing progress of telecommunication systems and the development of high-range antennas, especially microwave antennas, the pollution caused by them has become very worrying.
Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy of mass-selected [TaO3(CO2)n]+ (n = 2–5) complexes in the gas phase
Authors: Han Jia , Yang Yang , Qiu Binglin , Liu Pengcheng , Wu Xiangkun , Wang Guanjun , Liu Shilin , Zhou Xiaoguo
Published: April 2023

A two-state reactivity scenario is revealed for an energetically high-lying complex growth pathway based on a structural investigation on [TaO3(CO2)n]+ (n = 2–5) complexes.
The mediation of the AHR/IL-22/STAT3/IL-6 axis by soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) peptide and Chinese pond turtle (Chinemys reevesii) peptide contributed to their amelioration effects on intestinal mucosal immunity in immunosuppressed mice
Authors: Zhuang Jiachen , Wang Qianqian , Shen Fei , Wang Jing , Du Juan , Yu Peng , Feng Fengqin , Zhao Minjie
Published: April 2023

This study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) peptide (TP) and Chinese pond turtle (Chinemys reevesii) peptide (TMP) on the intestinal mucosal immune system (IMIS).
Palladium-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of mono and bis(arylthiol) alkenes from propargyl carbonate and thiophenol
Authors: Chatterjee Indranil , Panda Gautam
Published: April 2023

A palladium-catalyzed regioselective reaction between propargyl carbonate and thiophenol is described.
A unified physical mechanism for martensitic phase transition and ductility in Ni–Mn-based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys: the case of Cu-doped Ni2MnGa
Authors: Li Guijiang , Xu Lei , Cao Zhenhua
Published: April 2023

Taking Cu-doped Ni2MnGa alloys as an example, the unified physical mechanism for martensitic phase transition and ductility in Ni–Mn-based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys was investigated theoretically.
Modeling the propagation of very-high-energyγ-rays with the CRbeam code: Comparison with CRPropa and ELMAG codes
Authors: Kalashev O. , Korochkin A. , Neronov A. , Semikoz D.
Published: April 2023

Context.Very-high-energyγ-rays produce electron positron pairs in interactions with low-energy photons of extragalactic background light during propagation through the intergalactic medium. The electron-positron pairs generate secondaryγ-rays detectable byγ-ray telescopes. This secondary emission can be used to detect intergalactic magnetic fields (IGMF) in the voids of large-scale structure.

Aims.A newγ-ray observatory, namely, Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), will provide an increase in sensitivity for detections of these secondaryγ-ray emission and enable the measurement of its properties for sources at cosmological distances. The interpretation of the CTA data, including the detection of IGMF and study of its properties and origins, will require precision modeling of the primary and secondaryγ-ray fluxes.

Methods.We assess the precision of the modeling of the secondaryγ-ray emission using model calculations with publicly available Monte Carlo codes CRPropa and ELMAG and compare their predictions with theoretical expectations and with model calculations of a newly developed CRbeam code.

Results.We find that model predictions of different codes differ by up to 50% for low-redshift sources, with discrepancies increasing up to order-of-magnitude level with the increasing source redshifts. We identify the origin of these discrepancies and demonstrate that after eliminating the inaccuracies found, the discrepancies between the three codes are reduced to 10% when modeling nearby sources withz ~0.1. We argue that the new CRbeam code provides reliable predictions for the spectral, timing, and imaging properties of the secondaryγ-ray signal for both nearby and distant sources withz~ 1. Thus, it can be used to study gamma-ray sources and IGMF with a level of precision that is appropriate for the prospective CTA study of the effects ofγ-ray propagation through the intergalactic medium.
The PEPSI Exoplanet Transit Survey (PETS)
Authors: Scandariato G. , Borsa F. , Bonomo A. S. , Gaudi B. S. , Henning Th. , Ilyin I. , Johnson M. C. , Malavolta L. , Mallonn M. , Molaverdikhani K. , Nascimbeni V. , Patience J. , Pino L. , Poppenhaeger K. , Schlawin E. , Shkolnik E. L. , Sicilia D. , Sozzetti A. , Strassmeier K. G. , Veillet C. , Wang J. , Yan F.
Published: April 2023

Context. Hot giant planets such as MASCARA-1 b are expected to have thermally inverted atmospheres, which makes them perfect laboratories for atmospheric characterization through high-resolution spectroscopy. Nonetheless, previous attempts at detecting the atmosphere of MASCARA-1 b in transmission have led to negative results.

Aims. We aim to detect the optical emission spectrum of MASCARA-1 b.

Methods. We used the high-resolution spectrograph PEPSI to observe MASCARA-1 (spectral type A8) near the secondary eclipse of the planet. We cross-correlated the spectra with synthetic templates computed for several atomic and molecular species.

Results. We detect Fe I, Cr I, and Ti I in the atmosphere of MASCARA-1 b with a S/N ≈ 7, 4, and 5, respectively, and confirm the expected systemic velocity of ≈13 km s−1 and the radial velocity semi-amplitude of MASCARA-1 b of ≈200 km s−1. The detection of Ti is of particular importance in the context of the recently proposed phenomenon of Ti cold-trapping below a certain planetary equilibrium temperature.

Conclusions. We confirm the presence of an atmosphere around MASCARA-1 b through emission spectroscopy. We conclude that the atmospheric non-detection in transmission spectroscopy is due to the strong gravity of the planet and/or to the overlap between the planetary track and its Doppler shadow.
Reactions of Benzylboronate Nucleophiles
Authors: Barker Timothy J. , Bogatkevich Andrew , Crowder Dallas W. , Gierszal Sophia G. , Hayes Jacob C. , Hollerbach Michael R. , Russell Richard W.
Published: April 2023

This short review summarizes our laboratory’s development of benzylboronic esters as nucleophiles. Activation of the benzylboronic ester is achieved by irreversible coordination of an alkyllithium Lewis base to form a nucleophilic benzylboronate. This boronate was found to react with aldehydes, imines, ketones, and alkyl bromides. A copper catalyst was employed in reactions of the boronate with epoxides and aziridines.

1 Introduction

2 1,2-Additions

3 Additions to sp3 Electrophiles

4 Conclusion and Outlook
Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Cycloaddition/Cope Rearrangement Relay: Synthesis of Chiral Endocyclic Allenes
Authors: Lu Liang-Qiu , Shi Bin , Xiao Wen-Jing
Published: April 2023

The synthesis of chiral endocyclic allenes, especially the medium-sized ones, remains a challenge in allene chemistry due to unfavorable tension and difficult stereocontrol. Herein, an efficient protocol for the construction of chiral nine-membered endocyclic allenes via palladium-catalyzed asymmetric cycloaddition/Cope rearrangement relay of vinyl carbonates with activated enynes is highlighted. This process provides rapid access to a variety of chiral nine-membered endocyclic allenes in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities. In particular, a chiral P,S-ligand shows good performance on stereoinduction, generating central and axial chirality in a single transformation, which is rationalized by DFT calculations and by a proposed transition state.

1 Introduction

2 Pd-Catalyzed Asymmetric Cycloaddition/Cope Rearrangement Relay

3 Plausible Mechanism and Stereochemical Outcome

4 Conclusion and Outlook
Management of Dysplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Rubens Merrill , Smith Radhika
Published: April 2023

Given the chronic nature of mucosal inflammation present in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there is a high risk of dysplastic lesions progressing to cancer, in addition to a high risk of synchronous and/or metachronous cancers developing in those diagnosed with dysplasia. Due to this, consensus guidelines recommend regular surveillance. When visible dysplasia is encountered, options include endoscopic or surgical resection depending on characteristics of the lesion. Advancements in endoscopic tools increasingly allow for endoscopic removal when appropriate. Invisible dysplasia discovered on random biopsy should prompt referral to physicians who specialize in IBD. While surgical resection with proctocolectomy significantly decreases the risk of colorectal cancer, the risk must be balanced against the morbidity of surgery and quality-of-life concerns. Management of dysplasia in IBD patients requires complex decision-making that requires balance of patient values and goals of care with cancer-related risk factors.
Nonoperative Management of dMMR/MSI-H Colorectal Cancer following Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Xiao Binyi , Yu Jiehai , Ding Pei-Rong
Published: April 2023

Immunotherapy with PD-1 blockade has achieved a great success in colorectal cancers (CRCs) with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and deficient mismatch repair (dMMR), and has become the first-line therapy in metastatic setting. Studies of neoadjuvant immunotherapy also report exciting results, showing high rates of clinical complete response (cCR) and pathological complete response. The high efficacy and long duration of response of immunotherapy has prompt attempts to adopt watch-and-wait strategy for patients achieving cCR following the treatment. Thankfully, the watch-and-wait approach has been proposed for nearly 20 years for patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy and has gained ground among patients as well as clinicians. In this narrative review, we combed through the available information on immunotherapy for CRC and on the watch-and-wait strategy in chemoradiotherapy, and looked forward to a future where neoadjuvant immunotherapy as a curative therapy would play a big part in the treatment of MSI-H/dMMR CRC.
The Progress of Colorectal Polyposis Syndrome in Chinese Population
Authors: Yuan Zhijun , Yang Mengyuan , Yuan Ying
Published: April 2023

The pathogenesis, clinical phenotype, treatment strategy, and family management of hereditary tumor syndromes are different from those of sporadic tumors. Nearly a quarter of patients with colorectal cancer show significant familial aggregation and genetic predisposition, and 5 to 10% are associated with definite genetic factors. According to the clinical phenotype, it can be divided into nonpolyposis syndrome and polyposis syndrome. Among the polyposis syndrome patients with definite clinical symptoms, there are still some patients with unknown etiology (especially attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis), which is a difficult problem in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, for this rare disease, it is urgent to carry out multicenter studies, complete the gene variation spectrum, explore new pathogenic factors, and accumulate clinical experience. This article mainly introduces the research progress and related work of colorectal polyposis syndrome in China.
Targeting the Contact Pathway of Coagulation for the Prevention and Management of Medical Device-Associated Thrombosis
Authors: Goel Abhishek , Tathireddy Harsha , Wang Si-Han , Vu Helen H. , Puy Cristina , Hinds Monica T. , Zonies David , McCarty Owen J.T. , Shatzel Joseph J.
Published: April 2023

Hemorrhage remains a major complication of anticoagulants, with bleeding leading to serious and even life-threatening outcomes in rare settings. Currently available anticoagulants target either multiple coagulation factors or specifically coagulation factor (F) Xa or thrombin; however, inhibiting these pathways universally impairs hemostasis. Bleeding complications are especially salient in the medically complex population who benefit from medical devices. Extracorporeal devices—such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, hemodialysis, and cardiac bypass—require anticoagulation for optimal use. Nonetheless, bleeding complications are common, and with certain devices, highly morbid. Likewise, pharmacologic prophylaxis to prevent thrombosis is not commonly used with many medical devices like central venous catheters due to high rates of bleeding. The contact pathway members FXI, FXII, and prekallikrein serve as a nexus, connecting biomaterial surface-mediated thrombin generation and inflammation, and may represent safe, druggable targets to improve medical device hemocompatibility and thrombogenicity. Recent in vivo and clinical data suggest that selectively targeting the contact pathway of coagulation through the inhibition of FXI and FXII can reduce the incidence of medical device-associated thrombotic events, and potentially systemic inflammation, without impairing hemostasis. In the following review, we will outline the current in vivo and clinical data encompassing the mechanism of action of drugs targeting the contact pathway. This new class of inhibitors has the potential to herald a new era of effective and low-risk anticoagulation for the management of patients requiring the use of medical devices.
47.1.2.1.6 Alkyl-Mizoroki–Heck-Type Reactions
Authors: Lei A. , Tang S.
Published: April 2023

Substituted alkenes are basic structural motifs in a large number of organic molecules and their synthesis has received continuous attention from synthetic chemists. One of the most straightforward methods for constructing substituted alkenes is the Mizoroki–Heck reaction. Generally, this transformation is catalyzed by palladium and mainly deals with the synthesis of substituted alkenes from aryl or vinyl electrophiles. In sharp contrast, the Mizoroki–Heck reaction of alkyl electrophiles has long been considered a challenging transformation due to the decreased rates of oxidative addition and subsequent facile β-hydride elimination. To address this limitation in traditional Mizoroki–Heck reactions, radical processes have been introduced to achieve the alkenylation of alkyl electrophiles. This review provides an overview of the recent developments in alkyl-Mizoroki–Heck-type reactions. Particular attention is paid to the intermolecular Mizoroki–Heck-type reaction between alkyl radicals and terminal alkenes. The limitations and advantages of using different catalytic methods are discussed and compared.
Spurring and sustaining online consumer activism: the role of cause support and brand relationship in microlevel action frames
Authors: Muraro Iago S. , Thorson Kjerstin , Huddleston Patricia T.
Published: April 2023

Research suggests that social media consumer activism can be motivated through multiple microlevel action frames (MAFs – or simply, microframes). In this study, we examine an online consumer activism campaign against the supermarket chain Carrefour in Brazil and develop a typology of microframes that emerged during this episode of consumer activism. We leverage Twitter data to illustrate the distinction between cause-oriented (centered on animal rights issues) and brand-oriented MAFs (emphasizing consumer disappointment in Carrefour) and examine their influence on the emergence of other online consumer activism microframes. Our findings reveal the complex interplay between cause support (cause-oriented MAF) and perceptions of a brand transgression (brand-oriented MAF) to galvanize collective action. We theorize the roles of distinct MAFs in spurring and sustaining consumers’ online mobilization. Practical recommendations for brand managers are discussed.
Free energy subadditivity for symmetric random Hamiltonians
Authors: Sellke Mark
Published: April 2023

We consider a random Hamiltonian H:Σ→R defined on a compact space Σ that admits a transitive action by a compact group G. When the law of H is G-invariant, we show its expected free energy relative to the unique G-invariant probability measure on Σ, which obeys a subadditivity property in the law of H itself. The bound is often tight for weak disorder and relates free energies at different temperatures when H is a Gaussian process. Many examples are discussed, including branching random walks, several spin glasses, random constraint satisfaction problems, and the random field Ising model. We also provide a generalization to quantum Hamiltonians with applications to the quantum Sherrington–Kirkpatrick and Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev models.
Two new parameters for the ordinal analysis of images
Authors: Bandt Christoph , Wittfeld Katharina
Published: April 2023

Local patterns play an important role in statistical physics as well as in image processing. Two-dimensional ordinal patterns were studied by Ribeiro et al. who determined permutation entropy and complexity in order to classify paintings and images of liquid crystals. Here, we find that the 2×2 patterns of neighboring pixels come in three types. The statistics of these types, expressed by two parameters, contains the relevant information to describe and distinguish textures. The parameters are most stable and informative for isotropic structures.
Predicting lattice thermal conductivity of semiconductors from atomic-information-enhanced CGCNN combined with transfer learning
Authors: Wang Zeyu , Ma Jinlong , Hu Run , Luo Xiaobing
Published: April 2023

Rapid identification of lattice thermal conductivity of semiconductors from their crystal structure is required in the discovery of functional materials. A promising strategy is using a machine learning method based on a first-principles dataset, which, however, suffers from the dilemma of too little data available. In this work, the crystal graph convolutional neural networks (CGCNN) model was improved by enhancing the information of atomic descriptors (for short CGCNN-D), and the transfer learning (TL) method was combined to overcome the problem of small datasets. It is found that the CGCNN-D has improved predicting performance for both electronic bandgap with large data volume and thermal conductivity with small data volume, with the mean absolute error reducing 7% and 10%, respectively, indicating the importance of the improved atomic description. Applying TL with electronic bandgap as a proxy into the CGCNN-D further upgrades the prediction accuracy for thermal conductivity that has only 95 pieces of data, yielding 19% decrease in the mean absolute error as compared to the original CGCNN. The trained CGCNN-D-TL model was used to quickly estimate the thermal conductivities of thousands of semiconductors, and the materials identified with potentially high thermal conductivity were further screened by the optimized Slack model. Finally, the most promising BC2N was discovered and then confirmed by the first-principles calculations, which shows room-temperature thermal conductivities of 731, 594, and 500 W m−1 K–1 along the three principal axes of its lattice structure.
Nucleation and growth of crystalline ices from amorphous ices
Authors: Tonauer Christina M. , Fidler Lilli-Ruth , Giebelmann Johannes , Yamashita Keishiro , Loerting Thomas
Published: April 2023

We here review mostly experimental and some computational work devoted to nucleation in amorphous ices. In fact, there are only a handful of studies in which nucleation and growth in amorphous ices are investigated as two separate processes. In most studies, crystallization temperatures Tx or crystallization rates RJG are accessed for the combined process. Our Review deals with different amorphous ices, namely, vapor-deposited amorphous solid water (ASW) encountered in many astrophysical environments; hyperquenched glassy water (HGW) produced from μm-droplets of liquid water; and low density amorphous (LDA), high density amorphous (HDA), and very high density amorphous (VHDA) ices produced via pressure-induced amorphization of ice I or from high-pressure polymorphs. We cover the pressure range of up to about 6 GPa and the temperature range of up to 270 K, where only the presence of salts allows for the observation of amorphous ices at such high temperatures. In the case of ASW, its microporosity and very high internal surface to volume ratio are the key factors determining its crystallization kinetics. For HGW, the role of interfaces between individual glassy droplets is crucial but mostly neglected in nucleation or crystallization studies. In the case of LDA, HDA, and VHDA, parallel crystallization kinetics to different ice phases is observed, where the fraction of crystallized ices is controlled by the heating rate. A key aspect here is that in different experiments, amorphous ices of different “purities” are obtained, where “purity” here means the “absence of crystalline nuclei.” For this reason, “preseeded amorphous ice” and “nuclei-free amorphous ice” should be distinguished carefully, which has not been done properly in most studies. This makes a direct comparison of results obtained in different laboratories very hard, and even results obtained in the same laboratory are affected by very small changes in the preparation protocol. In terms of mechanism, the results are consistent with amorphous ices turning into an ultraviscous, deeply supercooled liquid prior to nucleation. However, especially in preseeded amorphous ices, crystallization from the preexisting nuclei takes place simultaneously. To separate the time scales of crystallization from the time scale of structure relaxation cleanly, the goal needs to be to produce amorphous ices free from crystalline ice nuclei. Such ices have only been produced in very few studies.
High-resistivity niobium nitride films for saturated-efficiency SMSPDs at telecom wavelengths and beyond
Authors: Zolotov P. , Svyatodukh S. , Divochiy A. , Seleznev V. , Goltsman G.
Published: April 2023

Incorporating a micrometer scale strip as the sensitive element in superconducting single-photon detectors can lead to significant improvements in their speed, footprint, and fabrication yield. However, the current application of microstrips has resulted in a decline in the detectors' intrinsic detection efficiency. We address this issue through the utilization of niobium nitride films with high values of resistance per square. Notably, the films used in our study possess an important characteristic of retaining high critical temperature values, which enables the devices to operate in conventional closed-cycle cryostats.
Heterogeneity of grain boundary properties in Cu2ZnSnS4: A first-principles study
Authors: Hao Ning-Jing , Ding Rui-Xue , Tong Chuan-Jia , McKenna Keith P.
Published: April 2023

Using first-principles density functional calculations, we investigate the structure and properties of previously unstudied grain boundaries (GBs) in the solar absorber material copper-zinc-tin-sulfide (CZTS). We identify four stable low-Σ value symmetric tilt GBs with low formation energies: Σ3 (111) and Σ5 (201), each with two different GB terminations. Compared to CdTe and CuInSe, GBs in the quaternary semiconductor CZTS exhibit a wider variety of electronic states due to the more complex chemical environment near the GB, including under-coordinated atoms and dangling bonds. Further analysis confirms that strong dangling bonds introduce deep gap states in all GBs studied. We also investigate segregation and electronic properties of intrinsic point defects to GBs and find that one of the Σ3 (111) GBs exhibits an abnormal defect segregation behavior that favors Cu-poor (Zn-rich) GB composition, which is beneficial for its overall performance.
A genome-wide optical pooled screen reveals regulators of cellular antiviral responses
Authors: Carlson Rebecca J. , Leiken Michael D. , Guna Alina , Hacohen Nir , Blainey Paul C.
Published: April 2023

The infection of mammalian cells by viruses and innate immune responses to infection are spatiotemporally organized processes. Cytosolic RNA sensors trigger nuclear translocation of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and consequent induction of host immune responses to RNA viruses. Previous genetic screens for factors involved in viral sensing did not resolve changes in the subcellular localization of host or viral proteins. Here, we increased the throughput of our optical pooled screening technology by over fourfold. This allowed us to carry out a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen using high-resolution multiparameter imaging of cellular responses to Sendai virus infection coupled with in situ cDNA sequencing by synthesis (SBS) to identify 80,408 single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) in 10,366,390 cells—over an order of magnitude more genomic perturbations than demonstrated previously using an in situ SBS readout. By ranking perturbations using human-designed and deep learning image feature scores, we identified regulators of IRF3 translocation, Sendai virus localization, and peroxisomal biogenesis. Among the hits, we found that ATP13A1, an ER-localized P5A-type ATPase, is essential for viral sensing and is required for targeting of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) to mitochondrial membranes where MAVS must be localized for effective signaling through retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I). The ability to carry out genome-wide pooled screens with complex high-resolution image-based phenotyping dramatically expands the scope of functional genomics approaches.
Identification of hidden associations among eukaryotic genes through statistical analysis of coevolutionary transitions
Authors: Dembech Elena , Malatesta Marco , De Rito Carlo , Mori Giulia , Cavazzini Davide , Secchi Andrea , Morandin Francesco , Percudani Riccardo
Published: April 2023

Coevolution at the gene level, as reflected by correlated events of gene loss or gain, can be revealed by phylogenetic profile analysis. The optimal method and metric for comparing phylogenetic profiles, especially in eukaryotic genomes, are not yet established. Here, we describe a procedure suitable for large-scale analysis, which can reveal coevolution based on the assessment of the statistical significance of correlated presence/absence transitions between gene pairs. This metric can identify coevolution in profiles with low overall similarities and is not affected by similarities lacking coevolutionary information. We applied the procedure to a large collection of 60,912 orthologous gene groups (orthogroups) in 1,264 eukaryotic genomes extracted from OrthoDB. We found significant cotransition scores for 7,825 orthogroups associated in 2,401 coevolving modules linking known and unknown genes in protein complexes and biological pathways. To demonstrate the ability of the method to predict hidden gene associations, we validated through experiments the involvement of vertebrate malate synthase-like genes in the conversion of (
S
)-ureidoglycolate into glyoxylate and urea, the last step of purine catabolism. This identification explains the presence of glyoxylate cycle genes in metazoa and suggests an anaplerotic role of purine degradation in early eukaryotes.
Interdisciplinary practice in performance sport: A scoping review of evidence of collaboration
Authors: Burns Andrew , Collins Dave
Published: April 2023

Performance support teams are increasingly comprised of sub‐disciplines, bringing varied expertise to support an athlete or team in achieving the desired result. With more voices in the room, however, there is a need to investigate how these individuals can effectively work together collaboratively. Accordingly, the present study reviewed empirical articles that have examined interdisciplinary practice in performance sport. In total, 22 articles met the full inclusion criteria. We discuss the four key themes that emerged from the literature linked to these contexts: namely, Theoretical frameworks, Facilitative leadership and culture, Organisational and logistical structure and processes, and Personal and interpersonal qualities. To deepen the understanding in this intricate field, conducting future research such as longitudinal studies that follow team working practices over time and delve into the lived experiences of teams, as well as the perspectives of various stakeholders, would be beneficial.
PIM1 phosphorylates ABI2 to enhance actin dynamics and promote tumor invasion
Authors: Jensen Corbin C. , Clements Amber N. , Liou Hope , Ball Lauren E. , Bethard Jennifer R. , Langlais Paul R. , Toth Rachel K. , Chauhan Shailender S. , Casillas Andrea L. , Daulat Sohail R. , Kraft Andrew S. , Cress Anne E. , Miranti Cindy K. , Mouneimne Ghassan , Rogers Greg C. , Warfel Noel A.
Published: April 2023

Distinguishing key factors that drive the switch from indolent to invasive disease will make a significant impact on guiding the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Here, we identify a novel signaling pathway linking hypoxia and PIM1 kinase to the actin cytoskeleton and cell motility. An unbiased proteomic screen identified Abl-interactor 2 (ABI2), an integral member of the wave regulatory complex (WRC), as a PIM1 substrate. Phosphorylation of ABI2 at Ser183 by PIM1 increased ABI2 protein levels and enhanced WRC formation, resulting in increased protrusive activity and cell motility. Cell protrusion induced by hypoxia and/or PIM1 was dependent on ABI2. In vivo smooth muscle invasion assays showed that overexpression of PIM1 significantly increased the depth of tumor cell invasion, and treatment with PIM inhibitors significantly reduced intramuscular PCa invasion. This research uncovers a HIF-1-independent signaling axis that is critical for hypoxia-induced invasion and establishes a novel role for PIM1 as a key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton.
Visually clear diffusive light panel with embedded semi-reflective rough-surface planar outcouplers
Authors: Park Hongbae , Stoeber Boris
Published: April 2023

We present a visually transparent light-diffusing panel in the form of a light guide, which has semi-reflective, thin-film blades buried within it acting as diffusive outcouplers. The semi-reflective blades can be tilted relative to the length of the light guide and are textured to partially scatter the light incident upon them in the reflection domain, while transmitting the rest. We show that the texturization of the outcouplers can be achieved following a simple molding process using a mold with well-defined roughness regions to subsequently create light-scattering surfaces. The mold is either based on frosted glass or on a photolithographic process using a polymer photomask. We demonstrate with a prototype that the view through the textured outcouplers is visually clear. Also, we demonstrate that by varying the angular difference between the incidence of the propagating light rays and the outcoupler angle, the ratio of the amount of diffused light emanating from the two surfaces of the light guide can be biased from ∼1:2 to ∼1:20. The proposed device can be used as a transparent light source that provides an occlusion-free and undistorted see-through view.
Sonication-assisted liquid exfoliation and size-dependent properties of magnetic two-dimensional α-RuCl3
Authors: Synnatschke Kevin , Jonak Martin , Storm Alexander , Laha Sourav , Köster Janis , Petry Julian , Ott Steffen , Szydłowska Beata , Duesberg Georg S , Kaiser Ute , Klingeler Rüdiger , Lotsch Bettina V , Backes Claudia
Published: April 2023

Originating from the hexagonal arrangement of magnetic ions in the presence of strong spin orbit coupling, α-RuCl3 is considered as model system for the Kitaev-Heisenberg model. While the magnetic properties of α-RuCl3 have been studied in bulk single crystals or micromechanically-exfoliated nanosheets, little is known about the nanosheets’ properties after exfoliation by techniques suitable for mass production such as liquid phase exfoliation (LPE). Here, we demonstrate sonication-assisted LPE on α-RuCl3 single crystals in an inert atmosphere. Coupled with centrifugation-based size selection techniques, the accessible size- and thickness range is quantified by statistical atomic force microscopy. Individual nanosheets obtained after centrifugation-based size selection are subjected to transmission electron microscopy to confirm their structural integrity after the exfoliation. The results are combined with bulk characterisation methods, including Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and powder diffraction experiments to evaluate the structural integrity of the nanosheets. We report changes of the magnetic properties of the nanomaterial with nanosheet size, as well as photospectroscopic metrics for the material concentration and average layer number. Finally, a quantitative analysis on environmental effects on the nanomaterial integrity is performed based on time and temperature dependent absorbance spectroscopy revealing a relatively slow decay (half-life of ∼2000 h at 20 °C), albeit with low activation energies of 6–20 kJ mol−1.
Nanoscale morphology tailoring in plasma deposited CN
x
layers
Authors: Vasin Andrii , Slobodian Olexander , Rusavsky Andrii , Gudymenko Olexander , Lytvyn Petro , Tiagulskyi Stanislav , Yatskiv Roman , Grym Jan , Bortchagovsky Eugene , Dzhagan Volodymyr , Zahn Dietrich , Nazarov Alexei
Published: April 2023

Magnetron discharge plasma was applied for the synthesis of CN
x
thin layers using methane and nitrogen gas precursors. The incorporation of nitrogen in the carbon network resulted in the dramatic evolution of growth morphology: from a ‘buried’ porous layer observed at low nitrogen incorporation to aligned bundles of nanorods grown perpendicular to the substrate surface at maximum discharge power and nitrogen flow. The films deposited at the low discharge power and high nitrogen incorporation exhibited a mesoporous sponge-like morphology after vacuum annealing. Relevant physical mechanisms responsible for the formation of nano- and mesoshaped morphology are discussed in terms of the effects of internal mechanical stresses and plasma etching. In addition, the sensing properties of the sponge-like layer were preliminarily examined in water vapor and ammonia ambients. The CN
x
films showed enhanced sensitivity to ammonia and reverse electrical response to moisture in comparison with a nitrogen-free nanoporous carbon film, which were assigned to modification of the electronic properties of the nitridated surface.
Optimal periodicity-enhanced group sparse for bearing incipient fault feature extraction
Authors: Zhang Sicheng , Jiang Hongkai , Yao Renhe , Zhu Hongxuan
Published: April 2023

Efficient and automatic fault feature extraction of rotating machinery, especially for incipient faults is a challenging task of great significance. In this article, an optimal periodicity-enhanced group sparse method is proposed. Firstly, a period sequence determination method without any prior information is proposed, and the amplitude is calculated by the numerical characteristics of the vibration signal to obtain period square waves. Secondly, the periodic square waves are embedded into the group sparse algorithm, to eliminate the influence of random impulses, and intensify the periodicity of the acquisition signal. Thirdly, a fault feature indicator reflecting both signal periodicity and sparsity within and across groups is proposed as the fitness of the marine predator algorithm for parameter automatic selection. In addition, the method proposed is evaluated and compared by simulation and experiment. The results show that it can effectively extract incipient fault features and outperforms traditional overlapping group shrinkage and Fast Kurtogram.
Processing and characterization of large area InP nanowire photovoltaic devices
Authors: Alcer David , Hrachowina Lukas , Hessman Dan , Borgström Magnus T
Published: April 2023

III−V nanowire (NW) photovoltaic devices promise high efficiencies at reduced materials usage. However, research has so far focused on small devices, mostly ≤1 mm2. In this study, the upscaling potential of axial junction InP NW photovoltaic devices is investigated. Device processing was carried out on a full 2″ wafer, with device sizes up to 1 cm2, which is a significant increase from the mm-scale III−V NW photovoltaic devices published previously. The short-circuit current density of the largest 1 cm2 devices, in which 460 million NWs are contacted in parallel, is on par with smaller devices. This enables a record power generation of 6.0 mW under AM1.5 G illumination, more than one order of magnitude higher than previous III−V NW photovoltaic devices. On the other hand, the fill factor of the larger devices is lower in comparison with smaller devices, which affects the device efficiency. By use of electroluminescence mapping, resistive losses in the indium tin oxide (ITO) front contact are found to limit the fill factor of the large devices. We use combined light-beam induced current (LBIC) and photoluminescence (PL) mapping as a powerful characterization tool for NW photovoltaic devices. From the LBIC and PL maps, local defects can be identified on the fully processed devices.
Revisiting f(R) gravity's rainbow: Inflation and primordial fluctuations
Authors: Leyva Yoelsy , Otalora Giovanni
Published: April 2023

We study inflation and the generation of primordial fluctuations in f(R) gravity's
rainbow. We calculate the cosmological perturbations and then the scalar and tensor primordial
power spectrum. We contrast the predictions of the model with the current observational data from
PLANCK and BICEP/Keck. Particularly, we found new results for the scalar spectral index ns
and
the tensor-to-scalar ratio r along with new observational constraints on the rainbow functions.
Capacity Analysis of Intelligent Reflecting Surface assisted RSMA System with Perfect and Imperfect CSI for 6G
Authors: Aswini K , Surendar M
Published: April 2023

Rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) are the promising candidates and front runners for 5G and beyond wireless communication. Recent studies have proved RSMA-IRS outperforms non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and enhances the quality of service (QoS). The performance of the downlink RSMA-IRS system is investigated in this paper using perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI) conditions over the Rayleigh fading channel. Furthermore, the numerical analysis for the sum rate capacity is carriedout for the users under perfect and imperfect conditions. To assess the system’s performance, two distinct scenarios are explored. Initially, the system total capacity of each user’s common and private parts is determined without considering the channel estimate error (CEE). The total capacity for each user’s common part is 10 b/s, for private1 is 8.9 b/s, and for private2 is 6.5 b/s. After introducing CEE, the sum rate for the common part is 8.5 b/s, and the total capacity for private1 and private2 is 7.5 b/s and 6 b/s, respectively. The simulation results show that the perfect CSI, achieves enhanced sum rate than channel with CEE. however, to tolerate the imperfect scenario (CEE) optimum power allocation is determined for attaining the QoS.
Slot Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Automobile Applications at 24 GHz
Authors: Boopathi Rani R , Padmavathi S
Published: April 2023

This research article discusses the investigations on the design of an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) antenna and its performance analysis from 20 to 30 GHz frequency range which is suitable for Short Range (SR) RADAR applications. This is designed by incorporating a rectangular slot on rectangular patch and reducing the ground plane size. The antenna characteristics namely return loss, current distribution, E-plane and H-plane far field patterns, gain over frequency, group delay in the operating frequency and radiation efficiency are investigated through simulations. Brief discussion regarding FCC guidelines related to the use of 24 GHz frequency band is provided. The antenna occupies the size of 10 X 10 X 1.6 mm3. Necessary parametric analyses were performed to confirm the finalized dimensions as optimum. The impedance bandwidth characteristics was measured using VNA (Vector Network Analyzer) and the obtained –10 dB bandwidth agrees with the simulated result.
Enhancing the network lifetime of a wireless sensor network using modified k-means Firefly Optimization
Authors: Joseph Abin John , Asaletha R , Manoj V.J , Nishanth R
Published: April 2023

Developing technology including the Internet of Things, digital services, smart microgrids, and machine-to-machine systems encourage the implementation of self-configuring, automated systems in massive wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Effective Power utilization is critical in order to keep a network operational for the maximum possible time. Sensor nodes, which are small, battery-powered devices, are used in WSNs. As a result, one of the significant research issues in improving the lifespan of a WSN is resource management. A modified k-means (Mk-means) algorithm for clustering has been proposed to select Cluster Head (CH) to minimize energy usage of the nodes. Several optimization methods have been suggested in this area to extend the WSN lifetime. Following that, the Firefly Algorithm (FFA) is employed to generate the optimal routing through the CHs to a Base Station (BS), where multiple fitness functions such as residual energy, distance, and routing traffic are taken into account to optimize the FFA. As a result, information transmission among intermediate CHs in a hierarchy cluster-based design aids in lowering node energy usage. The proposed MKMFA (modified k-means Firefly Algorithm) technique’s performance is evaluated with K-means AODV (Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector) and IPC-KMAN(Improved Performance Clustering Using Modified K-Means Algorithm in Mobile Adhoc Networks) using network lifetime, throughput, Load Balancing Factor (LBF), and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). This work is based on recent advances in WSNs, which include application fields, design parameters, and lifetime prediction designs.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Various Delineation method for Exudates in Fundus Images using Miniaturized Pi Board
Authors: Ramasubramanian B , Elangovan K , Hemanand D , Kavin Kumar K
Published: April 2023

In current decades, employing clinical imagery analysis to automatically segregate exudates from color fundus pictures has proven to be a difficult endeavor. This paper compares the efficacy of several picture delineation techniques using a Raspberry Pi chip. By employing various techniques to regular publically accessible samples, the optimum delineation methodology is selected, while efficacy is measured using characteristics such as resemblance factors, implementation duration, sensitivity, as well as specificity. The source hue ocular pictures are initially obtained using publicly available resources. Gaussian distortion, impulse distortion, and speckle distortion could all be present in such pictures. As a result, a pre-processing approach is used to the source pictures in effort to reduce the distortion and boost brightness. After that, several delineation methods such as a thresholding technique, mean-shift algorithm, watershed algorithm, distance transform, K-means clustering, Fuzzy C-Means grouping approach and Active Contour Model are used to segment the normal and abnormal region in color fundus images. The Fuzzy C-Means grouping approach yields higher delineation precision yet requires longer execution time, according to the findings.
Real Time Robotic Arm using Leap Motion Controller
Authors: Mariappan R , Gayathri P , Pushpalatha P , Sri Sidhvi Rishik V , Satish T.
Published: April 2023

Robots are playing key role in today’s world. Robots are actively taking part in the industries, hospitals, defense applications as well. This paper describes about how hand gesture movements can control the robotic arm. Hand gesture data is recorded by the leap motion controller. That captured gestures are then processed and sent to the microcontroller. In this paper we are intended to design a robotic arm that is completely useful to the people with disabilities. We are using new kind of sensor called Leap motion controller, which captures the hand gestures in 3D. we develop a robotic arm that is useful for the paralyzed people, industrial applications, medical fields by just simply using the hands, we can guide the leap motion controller so that the robotic arm can perform its operations.