bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Self-Aligned Poly-Si Tft Employing a Pre-Patterned Al Mask Layer by Backside Exposure Technique
Authors: Nam Woo-Jin , Lee Min-Cheol , Park Kee-Chan , Lee Jae-Hoon , Han Min-Koo
Published: March 2017

A new self-aligned poly-Si TFT has been fabricated by employing a photoresist backside exposure technique. A pre-patterned aluminum (Al) layer on a-Si film not only induces the lateral grain growth (∼1.6 μm) in excimer laser crystallization but also implements the selfalignment of the gate region with the lateral grain region. Photoresist backside exposure through poly-Si film has been successfully performed because crystallized poly-Si has a fairly high UV transmittance. A self-aligned poly-Si TFT with a single grain boundary within the 2 μm channel was successfully fabricated and high on/off current ratio (∼107) was obtained.
Temperature Dependence of High-Mobility Poly-Si Tft with Single Grain Boundary
Authors: Song In-Hyuk , Kim Cheon-Hong , Han Min-Koo
Published: March 2017

We have fabricated high-mobility TFTs with large lateral grains and investigated the variation of drain current with increasing temperature. The activation energy of drain current in large grain TFTs is found to be higher under the off-state and lower under the on-state than that in small grain TFTs. The field-effect mobility during the on-state is reduced with increasing temperature due to a lattice scattering inside grain. Because the proposed device has large lateral grain in the channel region, the lattice scattering inside the grain would be dominant, which is similar to single crystal Si MOSFETs.
One-Dimensional Ordering of Self-assembled Ge Dots on Photolithographically Patterned Structures on Si (001)
Authors: Yang B. , Woll A.R. , Rugheimer P. , Lagally M.G.
Published: March 2017

We report spatial arrangement of self-assembled Ge quantum dots on patterned structures on Si (001) without using complicated lithography. Starting from stripes and mesas fabricated by conventional lithography and plasma etching, we prepare sinusoidal Si stripes with narrow ridges and mesas with humped edges via high-temperature annealing. Deposited Ge self-assembles into coherent nanocrystals that align along the narrow ridges of the stripes and the sloped mesa edges. Enhanced strain relief at the ridges due to elastic relaxation and the high step densities on the shallow slopes at the edges are likely causes of nanocrystal alignment.
Translational and Rotational Motion of Small Penetrants in AF1600 Nanocomposites
Authors: Aucoin Darryl , Zhong Junyan , Lin Gouxing , Wen Wen-Yang , Jones# Alan A.
Published: March 2017

Translational and rotational motions of dichloromethane were observed in a composite of poly(2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxole-co-tetrafluoroethylene), also referred to as AF1600, with fumed silica using NMR. Pulsed field gradient diffusion measurements show that adding fumed silica to AF1600 results in a great enhancement of the diffusion coefficient of dichloromethane. The diffusion enhancement behavior is similar to that previously reported in pentane, cyclohexane, and toluene in AF1600 nanocomposites. Spin-lattice relaxation time measurements of this system indicate two domains: one containing larger free volume elements (FVEs) that support faster dynamics and one containing smaller free volume elements that support slower dynamics. Adding the fumed silica disrupts the packing of polymer chains resulting in an increase of free volume and improved connections between domains supporting rapid translation. The lattice model simulation is performed to assist in understanding the mechanism of how the addition of fumed silica improves penetrant diffusion in nanocomposite polymer systems.
NMR and Spin Relaxation in Systems with Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Weaver T. , Noginova N. , King M. , Bourlinos A. B. , Giannelis E. P. , Atsarkin V. A.
Published: March 2017

To better understand the effects of magnetic nanoparticles to nuclear spectra and spin relaxation in different systems, we have studied 1H NMR spectra and spin dynamics of the host system in liquid and solid suspensions of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Significant line broadening of 1H NMR spectra and growing relaxation rates were observed with increased concentration of nanoparticles in the liquid systems, with the relation T1/T2 depending on the particular host. Solid systems demonstrate inhomogeneous broadening of the spectra and practically no dependence of T1 upon the nanoparticle concentration. We explain the experimental results taking into account predomination of diffusion as a source of the relaxation, and estimate effective parameters of relaxation in the systems in study.
Solid State NMR Studies of Lead(II) Thiourea Materials
Authors: Dybowski Cecil , Glatfelter Alicia , Bai Shi , Martinez D. , Segarra S. , Perry Dale L.
Published: March 2017

Solid-state 13C and 207Pb NMR have been used to characterize a series of lead(II) ion complexes containing thiourea – widely used in materials science – as the organic complexing molecule. NMR data for the complexes have been measured and discussed with respect to the reported structures for the complexes.
Crystallization of Silicon Pyrophosphate From Silicophosphate Glasses as Monitored by Multi-Nuclear NMR
Authors: Youngman Randall , Hogue Carrie , Aitken Bruce
Published: March 2017

Binary silicophosphate glasses containing between 7 and 35 mol% P2O5 were made by conventional melt quenching techniques and characterized by 29Si and 31P NMR spectroscopy. 31P and 29Si NMR data show that, as the P2O5 content is raised in these glasses, the network connectivity is decreased by a dilution of the silicate network with less polymerized Q3 phosphate groups. In addition to such changes in the network structure, 29Si NMR spectra for the most P2O5-rich glasses reveal the presence of silicon atoms with 5- and 6-fold coordination. These species increase in concentration with increasing P2O5 above approximately 30 mol% P2O5. Self-nucleating SiP2O7 glass-ceramics can be formed from the binary silicophosphate glasses with >25mol% P2O5. 29Si and 31P NMR results were used to monitor the crystallization of SiP2O7 by providing details on amount of crystallinity, relative grain sizes and even composition of the residual glassy matrix. Stabilization of octahedral Si as well as the onset of phase separation correlates with propensity for crystallization of SiP2O7 during subsequent heat treatment.
93Nb Solid State NMR of High Surface Area Niobium Oxides
Authors: Smith Luis , Wang Xuefeng
Published: March 2017

The local environment of niobium in oxides reflects the perturbations in bond strength that affect the acidity of oxygen atoms in the structure. To understand the relationship between metal environment and properties, 93Nb solid state NMR has been used to measure the electric field gradient and chemical shift anisotropy for layered niobates with either alkali cations or protons at the material surface. In order to determine these parameters, a variety of techniques have been applied to extract information for the multiple environments located in these oxides. Variable offset cumulative echo spectra were collected on static samples at multiple magnetic fields, 4.7 T, 9.4 T and 14.1 T. RAPT enhanced QPASS data were collected at 9.4 T to extract quadrupolar-coupling information without the influence of chemical shift anisotropy. Data from KCa2Nb3O10 and an acid exchanged form was collected and two distinct quadrupolar environments were observed. Acid exchange altered the isotropic chemical shift but did not significantly affect the electric field gradient or the chemical shift anisotropy.
ESR Of Graphite-Like Amorphous Carbon Thin Film In The 20 – 340 K Temperature Range
Authors: Viana Gustavo A. , Marques Francisco C.
Published: March 2017

Electron spin resonance of graphite-like a-C thin films is investigated in the 20 K up to 340 K temperature range. The films with sp2 concentration of about 90 % (determined by electron energy loss spectroscopy), with no measurable optical band gap, were prepared by ion beam assisted sputtering. The results revealed an unexpected low density of paramagnetic centers, ascribed to itinerant states (conduction electrons) and not to localized states usually reported for a-C with band gap higher than 1.0 eV.
Using Magnetic Resonance Microscopy to Assess the Osteogenesis in Porous Hydrogels
Authors: Mishra Prasanna , Dadsetan Mahrokh , Rajagopalan Srinivasan , Hefferan Theresa E. , Yaszemski Michael J. , Macura Slobodan I.
Published: March 2017

Hydrogels are multi-functional and can be used as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. The pore architecture of the scaffolds is a significant factor in bone cell function. In this work, polyethylene glycol fumarate (OPF) hydrogel is used in the fabrication of porous scaffolds, and the effect of hydrogel porosity on bone formation is evaluated using anin vitrobone marrow stromal cell model. The porous hydrogels consist of copious amounts of water (90% or more by volume), and their structure is very similar to soft tissues. The characterization of porosity and interconnectivity in a typical OPF hydrogel scaffold and the bone formation inside the scaffold are assessed using magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) techniques; and are shown to be very useful in micro structural studies of such water rich materials. A Bruker Avance 7 Tesla (proton 300 MHz) spectrometer equipped with a Micro Imaging 2.5 accessory is used in these studies. By optimizing the acquisition parameters such as relaxation recovery time (TR), echo time (TE), pulse flip angle (TA), and using solvent relaxation-enhancing media the pores and bone formations are clearly observed at an in plane resolution of 29 μm/pixel in various scaffold materials. Analysis of our MRM images data shows that the pores are highly interconnected and the porosity computed from the images correlate quite well with the experimental porosity parameters such as porogen size and percentage. In addition, the quantitative alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red staining as marker of osteoblastic differentiation and the mineralization capacity of marrow stromal cells are in good agreement with the bone formation seen in the MRM images.
PERTUMBUHAN, MORTALITAS, DAN KEBIASAAN MAKAN IKAN PATIN SIAM (Pangasius hypophthalmus) INTRODUKSI DI WADUK WONOGIRI
Authors: Purnomo Kunto , Kartamihardja Endi Setiadi , Koeshendrajanal Sonny
Published: March 2017

Ikan patin siam (Pangasrus hypophthalmus) merupakan jenis ikan introduksi ekonomis penting yang disukai oleh masyarakat Kota Wonogiri dan sekitarnya. Pada tahun 2002, kontribusi hasil tangkapan ikan patin dam di Waduk Wonogiri berkisar antara 3-9% dari total hasil tangkapan. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan, mortalitas, dan makanan kesukaan ikan patin siam di Waduk Wonogiri telah dilakukan dari bulan OKober 1999 sampai Desember 2000.
ASPEK BIOLOGI IKAN KAWALIYA (Selar crumenophthalmus) DI PERAIRAN SEKITAR MALUKU TENGAH DAN MALUKU UTARA
Authors: Syam Amran Ronny , Andamari Retno , Zubaid Thohir
Published: March 2017

Beberapa aspek biologi ikan kawalinya atau bentong (Selar crumenoffithatmus) yang tertangkap di Perairan Maluku Tengah dan Maluku Utara telah dipelajari selama bulan Juni1997 sampai Mei 1998. Jumlah sample yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini sebanyak 5541 ekor dan digunakan untuk hubungan panjang berat, rasio kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad, indeks kematangan gonad, ukuran panjang ikan saat pertama kali matang gonad dan faktor kondisi dari hasil penelitian ini hubungan panjang berat  menunjukkan b > 3.
KONUNIKASI RINGKAS SUMBER DAYA IKAN PADA EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG DI KEPULAUAN SANGIHE TALAUD, SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Radiarta I Nyoman , Emor Jonly
Published: March 2017

Penelitian sumber daya ikan pada ekosistem terumbu karang telah dilaksanakan pada bulan November 1995, bertempat di Kepualuan Sangihe Talaud, Sulawesi utara. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian penelitian dalam kegiatan hoyek Evalumi dan Perencanan Sumber Daya Kdartan yang diharapkan d4at menambah data dan informasi tentang kondisi terumbu karang dan ikan karang di perairan Sulawesi Utara, yang berguna bagi pengelolan secara berkelanjutan.
FORTIFIKASI IKAN PADA EMPING MELINJO
Authors: Subaryono Subaryono , Irianto Hari Eko , Indriati Ninoek
Published: March 2017

Penelitian pengolahan emping dengan penambahan udang putih (Penaeus merguiensis), teri (Sfe/ophorus spp.) dan kerang darah (Anadara granosa) telah dilakukan.
ASPEK FINANSIAL DAN KELEMBAGAAN SISTEM USAHA PERIKANAN (suP) PENANGKAPAN IKAN PATIN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nasution Zahri , Reswati Elly , Subagja Jojo , Koeshendrajana Sonny
Published: March 2017

Riset yang bertujuan mengevaluasi aspek finansial dan kelembagaan sistem usaha perikanan penangkapan ikan patin yang ada di masyarakat nelayan termasuk kebrjakan pemerintah dan permasalahannya telah dilakukan pada tahun 2002. Riset dilaksanakan pada beberapa lokasi di Jawa Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Jambi, dan Kalimantan Selatan menggunakan metoda survai. Survai dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data teknologi, ekonomi dan kelembagaan sistem usaha yang dipandu menggunakan daftar topik pertanyaan dan dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara langsung terhadap responden.
KELAYAKAN USAHA DAN PEMASARAN CUMI-CUMIASIN DI KECAMATAN KOMODO, KABUPATEN MANGGARAI, NUSA TENGGARA
Authors: Sastrawidjaja Sastrawidjaja , Manadiyanto Manadiyanto
Published: March 2017

Cumi-cumi (Loligo spp) adalah salah satu komoditas hasil perikanan laut unggulan di Pulau Flores. Usaha penangkapan cumi-cumi dilaksanakan nelayan menggunakan bagan apung di sekitar Selat Sape. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mengevaluasi kelayakan usaha dan margin pemasaran nelayan bagan apung yang menangkap cumi-cumi dilokasi penelitian.
KELIMPAHAN DAN KERAGAMAN PLANKTON DI DANAU ARANG-ARANG, JAMBI
Authors: Adjie Susilo , Samuel Samuel , Subagdja Subagdja
Published: March 2017

Pengamatan kelimpahan dan keragaman plankton telah dilakukan di Danau Arang-Arang, Jambi pada Bulan Juli, Agustus, September, November, dan Desember tahun 2000 dengan menetapkan 4 stasiun pengamatan yaitu inlet, tengah, outlet, dan hutan rawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dan keragaman plankton dalam kaitannya dengan kesuburan perairan.
PERIKANAN PARI ARTISANAL DI LAUT JAWA
Authors: Widodo Agustinus Anung P. , Widodo Johanes
Published: March 2017

Penelitian mengenai perikanan pari artisanal di perairan Laut Jawa telah dilakukan dalam tahun 2002- 2003 melalui: (i) observasi di pusat-pusat pendaratan ikan (DKl Jakarta, Cirebon, Pekalongan, Juwana, dan Brondong), (ii) observasi di atas kapal, dan (iii) enumerator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat tangkap penting pada perikanan pari artisanal berupa jaring dogol, jaring liongbun, dan pancing senggol.
KEPADATAN, KEANEKARAGAMAN, DAN LINGKUNGAN TERIPANG DI GUGUSAN PULAU KELAPA, KEPULAUAN SERIBU
Authors: Hartati Sri Turni , Wahyuni Indar Sri
Published: March 2017

Penelitian stok teripang dan lingkungan perairannya telah dilakukan pada musim peralihan barat ke timur (Mei 2002), musim timur (Juni 2002), musim peralihan timur ke barat (September 2002), dan musim barat (Desember 2002), Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah Gugusan Pulau Kelapa dalam kawasan Taman Nasional Laut Kepulauan Seribu.
KELIMPAHAN LARVA IKAN ENGRAULIDAE DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PARAMETER LINGKUNGAN DI ESTUARIA SEGARA ANAKAN CILACAP, JAWA TENGAH, INDONESIA
Authors: Setijanto Setijanto , Chaeri Achmad , Nursid M.
Published: March 2017

Jenis-jenis ikan dari familia Engraulidae yang populer dengan sebutan ikan teri merupakan sumber daya perikanan yang penting secara ekonomi. Perairan Segara Anakan Cilacap merupakan sebuah estuaria yang menjadi daerah asuhan bagi komoditas ini. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan larva engraulidae dan hubungannya dengan parameter lingkungan telah dilakukan selama bulan November 2001 sampai Mei 2002 pada 10 stasiun pengamatan di ekosistem Estuaria Segara Anakan, Cilacap, Jawa Tengah (ESAC)
Briefing: The role of human values in behavioural safety
Authors: Manu Patrick , Gibb Alistair , Manu Emmanuel , Bell Nick , Allen Craig
Published: March 2017

While behaviour-based safety (BBS) is not new and is even becoming increasingly common, particularly among large construction organisations, research on BBS and hence its implementation has paid limited attention to the role of innate drivers of behaviour, particularly human values (e.g. individual worker values). It is argued in this paper that there is a need for empirical studies in this area towards the generation of fresh insight that could be valuable for designing more robust interventions for strengthening BBS programmes.
Erythropoietin Receptor-Mediated Molecular Crosstalk Promotes T Cell Immunoregulation and Transplant Survival
Authors: Purroy Carolina , Fairchild Robert L. , Tanaka Toshiaki , Baldwin William M. , Manrique Joaquin , Madsen Joren C. , Colvin Robert B. , Alessandrini Alessandro , Blazar Bruce R. , Fribourg Miguel , Donadei Chiara , Maggiore Umberto , Heeger Peter S. , Cravedi Paolo
Published: March 2017

Although spontaneous kidney transplant acceptance/tolerance occurs in mice and occasionally in humans, mechanisms remain unclear. Herein we test the hypothesis that EPO, a hormone predominantly produced by the adult kidney, has immunomodulating properties that are required for spontaneous kidney graft acceptance. In vitro, in a manner dependent on the EPO receptor and CD131 on antigen-presenting cells, EPO induced the secretion of active TGFβ by antigen-presenting cells, which in turn converted naïve CD4+ T cells into functional Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg). In murine transplant models, pharmacologic downregulation of kidney-derived EPO prevented spontaneous Treg generation. In a controlled, prospective cohort clinical study, EPO administration at doses used to correct anemia augmented the frequency of peripheral CD4+CD25+CD127lo T cells in humans with CKD. Furthermore, EPO directly inhibited conventional T cell proliferation in vitro via tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1–dependent uncoupling of IL-2Rβ signaling. Conversely, EPO-initiated signals facilitated Treg proliferation by augmenting IL-2Rγ signaling and maintaining constitutively quenched IL-2Rβ signaling. In additional murine transplant models, recombinant EPO administration prolonged heart allograft survival, whereas pharmacologic downregulation of kidney-derived EPO reduced the expression of TGFβ mRNA and abrogated kidney allograft acceptance. Together, our findings delineate the protolerogenic properties of EPO in inhibiting conventional T cells while simultaneously promoting Treg induction, and suggest that manipulating the EPO/EPO receptor signaling axis could be exploited to prevent and/or treat T cell-mediated pathologies, including transplant rejection.
Regulating Against Business "Fronting" to Advance Black Economic Empowerment in Zimbabwe: Lessons from South Africa
Authors: Warikandwa Tapiwa V , Osode Patrick C
Published: March 2017

This article examines Zimbabwe’s indigenisation legislation, points out some of its inadequacies and draws lessons from South Africa’s experiences in implementing its own indigenisation legislation. Both countries have encountered challenges relating to an upsurge in unethical business conduct aimed at defeating the objectives of their black economic empowerment programmes, policies and legislation. This practice is called business fronting. However, while South Africa has succeeded in enacting a credible piece of legislation aimed at addressing this issue, Zimbabwe has yet to do so. The article points out that the failure to regulate against business fronting poses the most significant threat to the attainment of the laudable aims and objectives of the indigenisation programme and related legislation. In order to avoid becoming a regulatory regime that is notorious for not only being functionally ineffective but also for tacitly permitting racketeering in reality, the article argues for the adoption of anti-fronting legislation in Zimbabwe using the South African legislation as a model.
In vitro transcription of guide RNAs v6
Authors: Dewitt Mark , Julia Wong not provided
Published: March 2017

sgRNA template assembly, in vitro T7transcription, andSPRI bead cleanup
Establishment of clonal algal cultures by flow cytometry sorting v1
Authors: D. Marie , Le Gall F. not provided , Edern R. not provided , Gourvil P. not provided , Vaulot not provided , D. not provided
Published: March 2017

This protocol can be used : to isolate novel cultures from natural samples to isolate novel cultures from enriched samples to purify existing cultures and remove contaminants to obtain clonal cultures from a unialgal strain Reference :Marie, D., Le Gall, F., Edern, R., Gourvil, P. & Vaulot, D. 2017. Improvement of phytoplankton culture isolation using single cell sorting by flow cytometry. J. Phycol. in press.
In vitro transcription of guide RNAs v7
Authors: Dewitt Mark , Julia Wong not provided
Published: March 2017

sgRNA template assembly, in vitro T7transcription, andSPRI bead cleanup
Survival chances of ground nests in three different habitats in Krka National Park (Croatia)
Authors: Purger Jenő J , Mužinić Jasmina
Published: March 2017

Background and Purpose: Diverse Mediterranean wetlands sustain a high diversity of breeding birds. Breeding success of birds nesting on protected wetlands along river Krka is also influenced by predators. The aim of our study was to explore effects of predator pressures on ground nests of strictly protected birds using artificial nest located along environmental gradient. Materials and Methods: In May 2004 in locality Čulišićke bare, by placing out three batches of 25 artificially constructed ground nests in three different habitats: reed bed, marsh and meadow. The nests contained three chicken (real) eggs for the evaluation of nest predation rates, and plasticine (artificial) eggs for predator identification from tooth and bill imprints. Results and Conclusions: The number of nests depredated during one week was highest in wetland habitats: 52% was depredated in the marsh and 32% in the reed bed. However, a much lower damage rate (16%) was experienced in the meadow. The daily survival rate of nests did not differ significantly between the reed bed (0.95) and the marsh (0.91). However, the daily survival rates of nests in the meadow (0.98) was significantly higher (z = 2.49 P = 0.01) than in the marsh, bat no difference was found with comparing with the reed bed. Predators were difficult to determine because plasticine eggs usually disappeared from the nests in the reed bed. In the marsh and the meadow, primary predators were smaller birds, whereas small mammals were also important in the marsh. Nests in which predators succeeded in breaking at least one egg were later destroyed most by Hooded Crows (Corvus cornix). To apply these results for bird protection, the breeding success of certain threatened bird species should be monitored for a longer period.
Fast identification of the antibacterial in Aspergillus species
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Duan LiXin , Yang Shengnan , Zhou Zhengfu , Dun Baoqing
Published: March 2017

Background and Purpose: Aspergillus genus biosynthesize a large number of metabolites with wide-ranging bioactivities, but how to target the active compounds quickly and accurately? In this work, we provide a strategy to fast identify bioactive metabolites in fungi with similar morphology but different antimicrobial activities. Materials and Methods: Combined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) profiles and bioactivity screening of fungal extracts, three Aspergillus sp. strains YSN038, YSN052 and YSN064 were studied. The bacteria Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Kocuria rhizophila, Escherichia coli and Ralstonia solanacearum were used for antibiotic assay.Results: Three strains showed the similar morphology, but the crude extracts of YSN038 and YSN064 displayed antibacterial activities against B. pumilus, B. subtilis, S. aureus and K. rhizophila, whereas YSN052 had not. The compound contributed to antibacterial activity in vitro was rapidly identified, isolated and characterized. Compound 3 connected with specific HPLC peak should be the antibiotic substance by analysis of HPLC profiles, and was confirmed after the following antimicrobial tests. The compound was elucidated as butyrolactone I based on nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) data, and showed various biological activities.Conclusions: Our study has significant scope on targeting antibacterial metabolites. The described method could also be used as a rapid and cost-effective tool for screening other bioactivity products. As such, this article could offer a fast approach to isolate drug-lead compounds from microorganisms.
MicroRNA regulators of cholinergic signaling link neuromuscular, cardiac and metabolic systems
Authors: Pienica Claudia , Soreq Hermona
Published: March 2017

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) notably regulates many brain and bodily functions, including metabolic as well as heart and muscle activities. Concordantly, acquired changes in ACh signaling lead to significant and widespread systemic effects. Those can be observed both when ACh signaling fails, as in the motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and when it over-reacts, as in the hyper-cholinergic excitation following organophosphate poisoning. To explore the corresponding molecular mechanisms, we focused on regulation of ACh signaling by microRNAs (miRs).  Current research implicates miRs as post-transcriptional modulators of gene expression, playing pivotal, rapid and interactive roles across various systems. To interrogate the systemic role of ACh-regulating miRs (CholinomiRs), we sought evidence for CholinomiRs with dual or triple roles in neuromuscular junctions (NMJ), heart development and functioning, and/or metabolic systems. Here, we report key links between CholinomiRs with known cardiac and metabolic roles, including the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-targeted miR-1 and the acetylcholinesterase-targeted miR-132, and NMJ-related metabolic regulating miRs such as the histone deacetylase 4-targeted miR-206. Taken together, this information indicates a bridging role for CholinomiRs that may be relevant both for NMJ degeneration and the metabolic changes observed in ALS patients, and for the cardiac irregularities and NMJ degeneration reported following organophosphate poisoning. Uncovering the potentially causal involvement of CholinomiRs in balancing neuromuscular, cardiac and metabolic functions might improve our understanding of the inter-tissue communication and the processes of reaching homeostatic states which are essential for balancing between seemingly separate body systems, allowing a more encompassing look on disorders involving impaired cholinergic signaling.
Bacillus subtilis single-stranded DNA-binding protein SsbA is phosphorylated at threonine 38 by the serine/threonine kinase YabT
Authors: Derouiche Abderahmane , Petranovic Dina , Macek Boris , Mijakovic Ivan
Published: March 2017

Background and purpose: Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins participate in all stages of DNA metabolism that involve single-stranded DNA, from replication, recombination, repair of DNA damage, to natural competence in species such as Bacillus subtilis. B. subtilis single-stranded DNA-binding proteins have previously been found to be phosphorylated on tyrosine and arginine residues. While tyrosine phosphorylation was shown to enhance the DNA-binding properties of SsbA, arginine phosphorylation was not functionally characterized.Materials and methods: We used mass spectrometry analysis to detect phosphorylation of SsbA purified from B. subtilis cells. The detected phosphorylation site was assessed for its influence on DNA-binding in vitro, using electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The ability of B. subtilis serine/threonine kinases to phosphorylate SsbA was assessed using in vitro phosphorylation assays.Results: In addition to the known tyrosine phosphorylation of SsbA on tyrosine 82, we identified a new phosphorylation site: threonine 38. The in vitro assays demonstrated that SsbA is preferentially phosphorylated by the B. subtilis Hanks-type kinase YabT, and phosphorylation of threonine 38 leads to enhanced cooperative binding to DNA.Conclusions: Our findings contribute to the emerging picture that bacterial proteins, exemplified here by SsbA, undergo phosphorylation at multiple residues. This results in a complex regulation of cellular functions, and suggests that the complexity of the bacterial cellular regulation may be underestimated.
PKA and the Structural Kinome
Authors: Taylor Susan S. , Kornev Alexandr P.
Published: March 2017

In recognition of the first protein kinase structure that was solved 25 years ago, we review the history of the Structural Kinome. What did we learn prior to that first structure of the PKA catalytic subunit, what have we learned since the structure was solved, and what are our remaining challenges for the future?
The 40th Anniversary of the HDBMB
Authors: Kovarik Zrinka
Published: March 2017

nema
A study of short and long term complications of prolene hernia system
Authors: Hebsur Narayan , J. C. Ravi Shankar
Published: March 2017

Background: Prolene hernia system was introduced in 1999, and was thought to be a revolutionary type of mesh in preventing recurrence. But studies regarding long term results and complications were sparse. Our study is one such type which sheds light into the complications of prolene hernia system and its significance in Indian scenario.Methods: 30 patients with inguinal hernia in Karnataka institute of medical sciences, Hubli, were included in the study. All of them were operated with prolene hernia system. Patients were assessed in the post-operative period and during follow-up for any complications. Appropriate statistical tests were applied.Results: 1 (3.3%) patient each had seroma and superficial surgical site infection in the post-operative period. 2 (6.7%) patients had chronic groin pain symptoms and none of them had recurrence till date.Conclusions: Based on the observations, we conclude that PHS is an effective method for open inguinal hernia repair with minimal complications. It has comparable results with lichenstein repair and other types of repairs available.
Comparison of efficacy of CT scan and ultrasound in patients with blunt abdominal trauma
Authors: Ravindernath M. L. , Reddy G. Mahender
Published: March 2017

Background: Trauma has become one of the most common cause of hospitalization. The main reason for imaging and screening the patients is to identify the life-threatening injuries as soon as possible so that appropriate treatment can be given immediately.  In the past few years, both USG and CT have been widely used to detect the abdominal trauma and have replaced the older methods. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of CT scans and Ultrasound in the patients with blunt abdominal trauma.Methods: Patients who had come to our hospital with blunt abdominal trauma and who were stable enough to undergo both USG and CT scans were included into the study. Apart from routine tests, both USG and CT scans were performed for all the patients.Results: The most common cause of trauma was road or vehicular accidents (58.9%) followed by fall from heights (32.1%). Of the organs which were affected, the most one was liver (73.2%), followed by spleen (51.8%), 46.4% of kidneys and 12.5% of the pancreas. Hemoperitoneum was identified in all the 56 patients with CT scan while the same was identified only in 47 cases (83.9%) with USG.Conclusions: CT scan is a superior diagnostic tool for the detection of Blunt abdominal trauma compared to USG. However, the patient needs to be hemodynamically stable for CT to be performed.
Clinical and biochemical profile of patients with viral hepatitis at tertiary care centre
Authors: Birajdar Sidheshwar Virbhadraappa , Chavan Sheshrao Sakharam , Mundhe Sanjay A. , Bhosale Manisha G.
Published: March 2017

Background: Viral hepatitis is known since ancient times. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, most commonly caused by a viral infection. Different species of viruses, including Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr, Herpes simplex, Adenovirus, Coxsackie virus and others cause parenchymal hepatic inflammation, but the term viral hepatitis generally implies to the five hepatotropic viruses: Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E virus.Methods: This observational study was done from August 2014 to November 2016 in department of medicine of a medical college using a structured questionnaire.Results: Anorexia was the most common symptom; followed by fatigue; nausea and vomiting. Total serum bilirubin and direct serum bilirubin were raised in all cases of hepatitis A and E. Raised SGPT and SGOT were observed in all cases of Hepatitis A and E. Among 43 patients of hepatitis B, SGPT and SGOT were raised in 32 and 31 cases respectively. Raised alkaline phosphatase was observed in 27; 25 and 16 cases of hepatitis A; B and E respectively.  Raised prothrombin time was observed in 12; 11; 01and 09 of Hepatitis A; B; C and E cases respectively.Conclusions: Viral hepatitis is an important heath care problem in India as it occurs epidemically and sporadically. The variability in nature of the disease regarding its onset, presenting symptoms, clinical course and development of complications are important aspects.  So, it is very essential for health care professionals to be aware of all aspects of it so that it is detected and treated early.
Peace Education: A Pedagogical Emergent For Student Wellbeing
Authors: Dr. Abhijit Guha Sohel Rana Sarkar ,
Published: March 2017

In present the entire world is running behind the materialistic living and only self-satisfaction of modern needs instead of thinking about the social world where they exist, which has made the living more complex and miserable. With the passage of time, they realize the concept of peace. The peace is a crucial obligation of human being for living well. If people live well development occur in their own ways.The article narrates the conceptual framework of peace education which has a unique contribution to student wellbeing, including their overall development which not only limited to academic enhancement. It will strongly promote them to make a view of global stakeholder as well as universal brotherhood.
Ficha Catalográfica
Authors: Westrupp Rosângela
Published: March 2017

Ficha Catalográfica
Apresentação
Authors: Bittencourt Ricardo Luiz de
Published: March 2017

Apresentação
Tarefa de casa: vilã ou protagonista do processo de ensino e aprendizagem
Authors: Oliveira Geslaine De , Casagrande Samira
Published: March 2017

Ao longo deste trabalho tem-se a intenção de investigar as práticas relativas às tarefas de casa em relação à aprendizagem dos alunos. O trabalho é resultado da pesquisa realizada com oito alunos do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental no Município de Criciúma/SC. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista semiestruturada sendo que a pesquisa esteve pautada na abordagem qualitativa. Obtendo como problema a seguinte questão: De que forma a tarefa de casa contribui para aprendizagem dos alunos? O objetivo foi analisar como a tarefa de casa pode contribuir para aprendizagem dos alunos. Os dados coletados foram analisados a partir do referencial teórico: Os processos de ensino e aprendizagem: um olhar histórico; Didática: articulação entre o quê, como e o para quem ensinar; Tarefa de casa: uma questão de aprendizagem ou castigo. Percebe-se que a maioria dos alunos compreende que a tarefa de casa contribui para o seu processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Verificou-se que tarefa de casa contribui para aprendizagem do aluno, a partir do momento em que a metodologia utilizada pela professora esteja comprometida com o processo de ensino em aprendizagem. Conclui-se que a didática utilizada pela professora na elaboração e desenvolvimento da tarefa de casa é fundamental para apropriação do conhecimento e aprendizagem dos alunos.PALAVRAS CHAVE: Tarefa de Casa; Aprendizagem; Didática.
Percepções dos alunos do Ensino Fundamental I da rede municipal de Criciúma/SC sobre o fenômeno bullying
Authors: Pereira Julia Souza Cesconetto , Castro Everson Ney Hüttner
Published: March 2017

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar as percepções dos alunos do ensino fundamental I da rede municipal de ensino de Criciúma/SC sobre o fenômeno bullying. Teve-se como objetivos específicos: identificar o entendimento das crianças sobre o fenômeno bullying; perceber como se sentiram ao sofrer e/ou praticar bullying; verificar se as crianças percebem o bullying como algo presente dentro e fora da escola; investigar quais intervenções ocorreram no ato de bullying relatado pelas crianças. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, em que foram entrevistadas cinco crianças do 5º ano do ensino fundamental, em duas escolas de rede municipal de Criciúma/SC, totalizando dez crianças. A metodologia desenvolvida teve característica qualitativa e exploratória. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi a entrevista semiestruturada. Os autores utilizados foram: Beaudoin; Taylor (2006), Camargo (2013), Chalita (2008), Felizardo (2013), Gil (1991), Luiz Flávio Gomes (2013), Marcelo Magalhães Gomes (2013), Middelton-Moz; Zawadski (2007), Pinheiros (2010), Quintanilha (2011), Segundo; Speranza (2013), Vaz (2013), Zaine; Reis; Padovani (2010). Conclui-se que a maioria dos estudantes entrevistados sabe o que é bullying, porém apresentam um conceito restrito do tema investigado por limitar o fenômeno bullying às situações de agressão física e verbal, desconsiderando, por exemplo, as possibilidades do bullying virtual. Percebeu-se, também, que a maioria dos pesquisados situam a existência do bullying em relação aos fatos cometidos contra a sua pessoa, não se situando como possíveis agentes do fenômeno, o que demonstra uma percepção parcial do tema em foco.PALAVRAS CHAVE: Bullying. Violência. Escola.
Alfabetização tradicional: implicações na produção de textos autorais em um curso de graduação em licenciatura
Authors: Caetano Natalia Silveira da , Casagrande Samira
Published: March 2017

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar os fatores que ocasionam a dificuldade na produção da escrita autoral por parte dos acadêmicos de um curso de graduação em licenciatura. Desta forma, a mesma é de cunho qualitativo e de caráter descritivo, sendo a entrevista na modalidade semiestruturada, o instrumento de pesquisa selecionado para a coleta de dados aplicada com sete acadêmicas de um curso de licenciatura. Assim, após a elaboração do referencial teórico, bem como da coleta e análise de dados constatou-se que a alfabetização tradicional ainda acarreta implicações na produção de textos autorais por parte dos acadêmicos de determinado curso de licenciatura. Foi possível chegar a tal compreensão, pois percebeu-se que o processo de alfabetização das acadêmicas entrevistadas deu-se de forma mecânica, descontextualizada e fragmentada, onde aprenderam apenas a memorizar a relação entre fonema e grafema, ou a combinação de duas ou mais letras que, juntas dão origem a uma sílaba. Diante disso, foi possível concluir que há essa dificuldade na produção da escrita autoral, uma vez que o ensino da leitura servia apenas para decodificar o que estava escrito sem a necessidade de compreender e refletir o lido. O ensino da escrita, por sua vez era ministrado de forma a desenvolver a habilidade de se realizar cópia daquilo que já estava registrado por meio de palavras. Assim, no contexto da alfabetização das entrevistadas aprendia-se somente a codificar e decodificar os códigos alfabéticos sem atribuir-lhes significados.PALAVRAS CHAVE: Métodos de alfabetização. Letramento. Leitura. Escrita. Escrita autoral.
Eclipse computation tables in Sanskrit astronomy A critical edition of the tables of the Karaṇakesarī of Bhāskara (fl. c. 1681)
Authors: Misra Anuj J. , Montelle Clemency , Plofker Kim
Published: March 2017

We present here a critical edition of the numerical tables of the Karaṇakesarī, an eclipse-computation table-text authored by Bhāskara in the laer half of the 17th century, and known to us from three manuscripts.
Regionalne porozumienia handlowe w świetle regulacji Światowej Organizacji Handlu
Authors: Wieloch Justyna
Published: March 2017

Integracja gospodarcza jest bez wątpienia jednym z najbardziej powszechnych zjawisk we współczesnej gospodarce światowej. Świadczy o tym fakt, że trudno wskazać kraj nienależący do co najmniej jednego ugrupowania integracyjnego. W artykule przedstawiono sposób, w jaki ewoluował regionalizm handlowy w kontekście regulacji Światowej Organizacji Handlu (WTO), oraz rolę tej organizacji w rozwoju regionalnych porozumień handlowych.
A historical retrospective and the essence of strategic financial planning
Authors: Nestor Olha
Published: March 2017

The author has reviewed the historical retrospective of strategic financial planning, distinguished the concepts of “strategic financial planning”, “long-term financial planning” and “perspective financial planning” and determined that their use as synonyms is incorrect. The correctness of three-tier financial planning has been justified. The difference between financial planning, financial forecasting and budgeting has been explained. The problem of strategic financial planning, its advantages and disadvantages, has been considered.
The costs of resource-led development. An analysis of the economic impact of the oil extraction boom in Colombia
Authors: Kupisz Paulina
Published: March 2017

Oil-rich countries often face negative consequences of natural resources-led development on their overall economic performance. One of the reasons is that a country’s rising extraction rates frequently lead to various changes in its public policy and revenue management. Colombia has spectacularly increased its oil production by almost 500,000 barrels per day (bpd) in ten years, which was the effect principally of the implementation of strongly market-oriented petroleum policies in 2003. It is now the fourth largest crude producer in Latin America, registering nearly ten times more export sales than at the end of the 20th century. The economic effects of the oil-boom are already visible, which has created many new challenges the government must face in order to ensure sustainable development in the country, and to be able to mitigate the impact of the recently dropping world oil prices. The purpose of the article is to present the latest findings on the impact of the oil sector development on the Colombian economy in the 21st century, focusing especially on the current situation.
Metody pomiaru e-administracji w kontekście konkurencyjności międzynarodowej
Authors: Mańkowska Natalia
Published: March 2017

Przedmiotem rozważań zawartych w publikacji jest problematyka zależności między procesem wdrażania administracji elektronicznej a zdolnością konkurencyjną kraju. Współcześnie ocenia się, że kluczowym celem informatyzacji administracji publicznej, zarówno na szczeblu centralnym, jak i lokalnym, jest produktywne i efektywne przygotowanie oraz wdrożenie elektronicznych usług publicznych dla obywateli i przedsiębiorstw. Wizja e-administracji przedstawiona przez Komisję Europejską oraz stopniowo realizowana przez państwa członkowskie UE ukazuje, że proces rozwoju e-administracji powinien służyć jako narzędzie wspomagające procesy rządzenia. Projekty związane z informatyzacją mogą wpływać m.in. na poprawę systemu edukacji i służby zdrowia, tworzenie nowych miejsc pracy, zmianę sposobów zarządzania zasobami, zmniejszenie kosztów transakcyjnych i ogólne przemiany instytucjonalne. Stosowane obecnie narzędzia pomiaru korzyści wynikających z wdrażania e-usług publicznych i ogólnie rozwoju e-administracji nie zawsze ukazują je wprost. Celem publikacji jest zidentyfikowanie i ocenienie stosowanych obecnie mierników stopnia rozwoju administracji elektronicznej w kontekście pomiaru korzyści wynikających z tego procesu, mających znaczenie dla poprawy konkurencyjności państwa na arenie międzynarodowej.
Współpraca polsko-litewska w kontekście utworzenia wspólnego europejskiego rynku energii w latach 2004–2015
Authors: Pilżys Stanisław
Published: March 2017

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie współpracy Litwy i Polski na przykładzie wspólnych projektów energetycznych w latach 2004–2015. Współpraca polsko-litewska została zintensyfikowana po wstąpieniu przez oba państwa do Unii Europejskiej dążącej do budowy wspólnego rynku energii. Do najważniejszych obszarów współpracy wymienionych państw można zaliczyć budowę mostu energetycznego i gazociągu, współpracę na rzecz budowy elektrowni jądrowej w Wisagini oraz inne przedsięwzięcia podejmowane w ramach BEMIP. Wszystkie wspólne projekty, mimo deklaracji zainteresowanych, nie są rozwijane zgodnie z wcześniejszymi planami. Autor artykułu próbuje przybliżyć przyczyny współpracy, jej przebieg, główne trudności oraz możliwe skutki analizowanych projektów.
Alternative Trading Systems in Germany – Entry Standard vs. Neuer Markt
Authors: Woś Sonia
Published: March 2017

The aim of the article is to compare the former German alternative market, the Neuer Markt, with the current Entry Standard, in the context of providing capital access to small and medium enterprises. The article characterizes the German capital market since 1987, focusing on the current alternative trading system – the Entry Standard segment. The objective has been achieved with the analysis of the Entry Standard IPO emission requirements, selected statements demanded from issuers and the market structure. Those issues are compared with the former Neuer Markt. During the research, foreign literature, press articles and Frankfurt Stock Exchange publications and reports were applied. The author wants to indicate the main similarities and differences between the Neuer Markt and the Entry Standard. The comparison confirms that the alternative trading system plays a huge role in providing capital access to small and medium enterprises.
Instytucjonalne uwarunkowania wspólnej polityki pieniężnej w Unii Gospodarczej i Walutowej
Authors: Laskowski Michał
Published: March 2017

Celem artykułu było zbadanie zmian, które zaszły w matrycy instytucjonalnej polityki pieniężnej Unii Gospodarczej i Walutowej po 2008 r. na skutek kryzysu finansowego i gospodarczego. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone na podstawie koncepcji instytucjonalizmu Douglasa Northa. W ramach dwuetapowej analizy opisano matrycę formalnych i nieformalnych instytucji polityki pieniężnej strefy euro, a następnie porównano jej strukturę ze strukturą przed rokiem 2008 i po nim. Wyniki analizy ujawniły zmiany w zakresie celów i narzędzi polityki pieniężnej; jednocześnie zostały zachowane struktury formalnych i nieformalnych instytucji polityki monetarnej UGiW sprzed kryzysu gospodarczego.
On the Causes of the Eurozone Crisis
Authors: Serwach Tomasz
Published: March 2017

The paper examines the causes of the Eurozone crisis – they are divided into two categories: proximate and fundamental causes. Regarding the former, it seems that the current account balance should be seen as a crucial determinant of the GDP dynamics of the Eurozone members during 2008–2012. As far as the fundamental causes are concerned, the financial market structure and institutional quality measures are of the highest explanatory power. Econometric results indicate that measures taken to tackle the crisis (austerity and internal devaluation) may be ineffective in restoring growth and stability.