bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Actitudes sexistas en jóvenes?: Exploración del sexismo ambivalente y neosexismo en población universitaria = Young people have sexist attitudes?: Exploration of ambivalent sexism and neosexism in University students
Authors: Esteban Ramiro Beatriz , Fernández Montaño Patricia
Published: August 2017

Resumen. El presente artículo pretende poner de manifiesto la necesidad de seguir abriendo nuevos enfoques, desde diferentes perspectivas interdisciplinares, en el análisis del sexismo en España. Se ofrece una aproximación a las actitudes sexistas y neosexistas de una franja poblacional sobre la que a priori, se tiende a pensar libre de sexismo (entendido de forma “tradicional”). Se expone un estudio sobre las representaciones del sexismo en jóvenes universitarios/as a través de una muestra (N 420) de estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de una universidad española (Universidad de Castilla La Mancha). Siguiendo la línea teórica definida por Glick y Fiske (1996) conocida como la Teoría del Sexismo Ambivalente, integrada por los componentes de sexismo benevolente y sexismo hostil y complementándola con los preceptos teóricos del Neosexismo propuestos por Tougas, Brown, Beaton y Joly (1995), se utilizaron las versiones en castellano de las escalas propuestas por estos autores.  Los resultados evidencian la presencia de actitudes sexistas enmascaradas con diferencias en las informaciones vertidas según sexo y estudios en curso que ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de continuar trabajando en el análisis, comprensión y prevención de las actitudes sexistas de las nuevas generaciones, así como de desarrollar investigaciones interdisciplinares que aborden esta cuestión de manera integral y ofrezcan enfoques adaptados a las nuevas expresiones que de forma general son más sutiles y difíciles de percibir.Palabras clave: sexismo ambivalente, población universitaria, neosexismo, desigualdad de género.Abstract. This paper examines expressions of sexism in youth based on an exploratory study conducted among students (N420) of the Faculty of Social Sciences of a Spanish university (Castilla La Mancha University). The authors developed Spanish rating scales based on the theoretical viewpoint defined by Glick and Fiske (1996), known as the ambivalent sexism theory, comprising the components of benevolent sexism and hostile sexism and complementing it with the neosexism precepts proposed by Tougas, Brown, Beaton and Joly (1995). The results show the need to continue working on the analysis, understanding and prevention of sexist attitudes of the younger generation and to develop interdisciplinary research to address this issue comprehensively and provide tailored approaches to new expressions of sexism, which in general, are more subtle and difficult to perceive.Keywords: ambivalent Sexism, students, neosexism, gender inequality.
Ignaciuk, A. y Ortiz-Gómez, T. Anticoncepción, mujeres y género. La “píldora” en España y Polonia (1960-1980)
Authors: Álvarez Bernardo Gloria
Published: August 2017

Este artículo reseña: Ignaciuk, A. y Ortiz-Gómez, T. Anticoncepción, mujeres y género. La “píldora” en España y Polonia (1960-1980). Madrid, Los Libros de la Catarata, 2016, 237 pp. [ISBN: 978-84-9097-166-6]
Actividades lúdico-práticas no ensino da geologia: complemento motivacional para a aprendizagem
Authors: Constante Andreia , Vasconcelos Clara
Published: August 2017

É unânime que o Ensino das Geociências, na formação dos indivíduos, não deve resumir-se ao seu carácter científico, sendo imprescindível, outrossim, investir no seu carácter formativo desde os níveis mais básicos do ensino. A escassez de pesquisas neste âmbito justifica a presente investigação que pretendeu contribuir para aferir as mais-valias da aplicação de actividades lúdico-práticas como complementos alternativos e inovadores, actuando como elementos facilitadores no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da Geologia. A metodologia adoptada foi a Investigação & Desenvolvimento que visou a elaboração, aplicação e avaliação de duas actividades lúdico-práticas. As duas actividades lúdico-práticas foram aplicadas a 71 alunos de uma escola pública em Portugal. Administraram-se instrumentos de recolha de dados como, por exemplo, questionários e relatórios de observação. Constatou-se que as actividades eram complementos motivacionais valiosos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de conceitos com algum nível de abstracção, permitindo advogar um espaço e tempo maiores para a sua utilização na prática pedagógica.
THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN IN ARMED CONFLICT
Authors: Bunga Gerald Aldytia
Published: August 2017

The vulnerable groups often become the victim of adverse party of armed conflict. Women is included in there. Women in armed conflict are affected directly or indirectly by the conflict, including gender based violence like rape, forced impregnation, or forced prostitution. In addition, armed conflict also affects the gender relation related to women, for example women become the breadwinner as the result of lost of husband due to the conflict. this research aimed to discuss on the impact of armed conflict on women, how international humanitarian law protects women in armed conflict and how the implementation of that protection.
Real-Time Tsunami Prediction System Using DONET
Authors: Takahashi Narumi , Imai Kentaro , Ishibashi Masanobu , Sueki Kentaro , Obayashi Ryoko , Tanabe Tatsuo , Tamazawa Fumiyasu , Baba Toshitaka , Kaneda Yoshiyuki ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan,   Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan,   Wakayama Prefecture, Wakayama, Japan,   NTT data CCS corporation, Tokyo, Japan,   Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan,   Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan
Published: August 2017

We constructed a real-time tsunami prediction system using the Dense Oceanfloor Network System for Earthquakes and Tsunamis (DONET). This system predicts the arrival time of a tsunami, the maximum tsunami height, and the inundation area around coastal target points by extracting the proper fault models from 1,506 models based on the principle of tsunami amplification. Since DONET2, installed in the Nankai earthquake rupture zone, was constructed in 2016, it has been used in addition to DONET1 installed in the Tonankai earthquake rupture zone; we revised the system using both DONET1 and DONET2 to improve the accuracy of tsunami prediction. We introduced a few methods to improve the prediction accuracy. One is the selection of proper fault models from the entire set of models considering the estimated direction of the hypocenter using seismic and tsunami data. Another is the dynamic selection of the proper DONET observatories: only DONET observatories located between the prediction point and tsunami source are used for prediction. Last is preparation for the linked occurrence of double tsunamis with a time-lag. We describe the real-time tsunami prediction system using DONET and its implementation for the Shikoku area.
A REDE URBANA EM GOIÁS: UMA ANÁLISE DO PADRÃO ESPACIAL NA PRIMEIRA DÉCADA DO SÉCULO XXI / THE URBAN NETWORK IN GOIÁS: AN ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL PATTERN IN THE FIRST DECADE OF THIS CENTURY XXI.
Authors: Roscoche Luiz Fernando , Peixoto Angela Maria Martins , Bastos Leila Sobreira
Published: August 2017

A rede urbana corresponde à articulação de centros urbanos por meio de suas funções. A partir das considerações acerca desse  conceito, será discutido neste trabalho o padrão espacial da rede urbana em Goiás, sendo a análise pautada em dados secundários dos estudos das Regiões de Influência  das  Cidades  (REGIC)  e  demais  levantamentos  divulgados  pelo  Instituto  Brasileiro  de Geografia  e  Estatística  (IBGE).  Nesse  sentido,  o  objetivo  é  compreender  a  gênese  e  o desenvolvimento  da  rede  urbana  de  Goiás,  destacando  os  seus  principais  elementos  constitutivos. Apresenta-se como pressuposto que a presença de duas metrópoles no território goia no –  Goiânia e Brasília  –  fornece  uma  configuração  particular  no  âmbito  nacional,  evidenciando  a  ausência  de centros  urbanos  intermediários  (capitais  regionais)  como  resultado  da  centralidade  exercida  pelas duas metrópoles.
ESPACIALIZAÇÃO DA RADIAÇÃO SOLAR PARA A REGIÃO SUBMÉDIA DO VALE DO SÃO FRANCISCO / SPATIALIZATION OF SOLAR RADIATION TO THE REGION SUBMEDIA OF THE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY .
Authors: Dos Santos Saulo Medrado
Published: August 2017

O método do balanço hídrico, utilizando variáveis meteorológicas interpoladas a partir de dados  da  rede  estações  meteorológicas  do  Instituto  Nacional  de  Meteorologia  (NMET),  pode contribuir  para  o  uso eficiente  da  água  de  irrigação  na região.  Desta forma,  este trabalho teve por objetivo espacializar a radiação solar utilizando o método do Inverso da Potência da Distância (IPD) a partir dos dados medidos em 14 estações meteorológicas automáticas em operação na área, um raio de  aproximadamente  250  km  da  cidade  de  Petrolina-PE.  Os  valores  obtidos  da  potência  do interpolador foram iguais a 2,7, 4,0, 2,7, 2,1 e 2,7 para a época anual, inverno, primavera, verão e outono, respectivamente, com erro relativo médio pequeno e comparável ao erro instrumental.
Q&A: Colin Black: A Passion for Energy Education
Authors: Black Colin
Published: August 2017

Q&A

Editor’s note: Energy education remains one of the primary responsibilities of the oil and gas industry. SPE’s main educational resource, Energy4me, serves a vital role in preparing students for jobs in the industry as well as in training teachers and conducting workshops at conferences throughout the world. SPE members volunteer countless hours to ensure that programs such as Energy4me are successful. In this interview, Colin Black, managing director of Carjon-NRG Ltd., speaks about his commitment to energy education and the industry’s role in preparing the next generation of engineers.  

How did you get involved in energy education?

In 1993, I joined SPE and got involved with the Aberdeen Section Program Committee. I am also a member of the Energy Institute and, in 1998, I was asked to help out at my old school with SPE energy information career evenings promoting the oil and gas industry. This grew to promoting an offshore apprentice program in several schools and supporting Education Day at Offshore Europe since 1999. This then evolved to becoming involved in the industry/education partnership Careers in the Oil, Gas, and Energy Sectors, which I co-chaired. In 2009, we created the SPE Aberdeen Schools Career Guidance Committee, which I also chaired and still actively support.

How did you get involved working in the oil and gas industry?

From about 12 years old I started helping my father refurbishing engines and gearboxes and, at 16, served a 4-year mechanical engineering apprenticeship. My journeyman was the go-to guy for any problems and he mentored me. In 1982, the problem-solving skills I developed were in demand in the North Sea oil and gas industry and I was approached to apply for a job in a sector I knew nothing about. I spent several years in offshore drilling, logging, and well testing including time on the Piper Alpha production platform.

In 1990, I came onshore and managed PetroQuip operations for a highly innovative completions technology company, Petroleum Engineering Services. The company grew between 35% and 40% a year for 10 years and, as operations manager, I attended Robert Gordon University to learn about strategy creation and implementation. PES was sold to Halliburton in 2000 and having gained an SVQ level 5, Post Grad Diploma, MSc in management, and wealth of business experience, I left to use this knowledge to grow other small innovative companies. From there I coinvented several patents and helped developed numerous businesses internationally.
Building Relationships With a Marginalized Community in Iraq
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: August 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 183110, “To the Edge and Back: Building Relationships With a Marginalized Community in Iraq,” by Ilya Bourtman, BP; Hassan Al-Mudhaffar, Christopher Boyd, and Brendhan Skerritt, Rumaila Operating Organization; and Nicholas Abrahams, SPE, Social Risk Strategy, prepared for the 2016 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 7–10 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

A consortium of international and national Iraqi oil and gas companies took operatorship of the Qarmat Ali water-treatment plant, which is critical for oil production, in southern Iraq in 2013. Because of community protests, operations shut down for 6 months as the consortium strived to find the best way to work with the community. This paper explores how the consortium achieved success through engagement and by responding to community expectations for social investment while addressing the social effects of operations.

Introduction

The Rumaila oil field in southern Iraq southwest of Basra is the country’s largest producing oil field, accounting for more than 40% of Iraq’s budget revenues. Since 2009, Iraq’s state-owned South Oil Company has engaged an international consortium of oil and gas companies together with the State Oil Marketing Organization of Iraq through a technical service contract to operate and modernize the oil field.

For the Rumaila oil field to continue producing 1.4 million BOPD, the consortium needs to inject more than 2 million BWPD by 2025. In 2013, the consortium began the refurbishment and expansion of the Qarmat Ali industrial water-treatment plant, a critical facility for injecting industrial water into the Rumaila oil field and thereby maintaining production.

From the start, a historically marginalized adjacent community, accustomed to using force to raise concerns, continued to use force to react to construction work at Qarmat Ali. Construction was interrupted frequently by stand-downs, gunfire, rock throwing, violence, and intimidation. After months of strained community relations, construction was shut down for 6 months. With government representatives lacking community support and local security forces providing inadequate protection, management considered abandoning refurbishment and expansion work.

Analytics

To support the information-gathering process and begin the development of a new community-relations plan, the consortium commissioned a nongovernmental organization to gather data on baseline conditions in Qarmat Ali, undertaking 500 household interviews to provide a representative and diverse perspective on the thoughts, opinions, and recommendations of the community.

The AMAR International Charitable Foundation was selected to spearhead a study because of its 20-year legacy of supporting vulnerable populations in southern Iraq and reliance on trained local staff to provide an understanding of the local context and needs of the community.
STUDYING OF THE STRUCTURE OF AL2O3 – SIO2 – CAO – Р2O5 SYSTEM AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF REFRACTORIES
Authors: Kharybina Yulia , Pitak Yaroslav
Published: August 2017

The paper shows that presence of such phases as mullite, corundum is required in order to obtain high quality refractories that are able to work effectively under the conditions of the simultaneous effects of corrosive environments, high temperatures and pressure, sudden changes in temperature. The structures of Al2O3 – SiO2 – CaO – Р2O5 system are examined in the materials in which the formation of defined phases is probably. Based on data it is carried out partitioning of the system on the elementary tetrahedrons. The data on the lengths of tie lines, volumes, the asymmetry degree and the eutectic temperature of elementary tetrahedrons are given. The geometric-topological characteristic of the phases of this system are presented. The choice of oxides compositions areas for the production of refractories is justified based on the obtained results.
SOLUTION OF THE SYNTHESIS PROBLEM OF BOUNDARY OPTIMAL CONTROL OF A ROD COOLING PROCESS WITH A HEAT CONDUCTIVE VISCOSITY
Authors: Mammadov Rəşad Sirac , Qasımov Sərdar Yusub
Published: August 2017

The problem of synthesis of the boundary optimal control of the cooling process of media with heat conductive viscosity is investigated. In addition to the distributed parameters, the concentrated parameters act on the system. This is due to the fact that the temperature of the external environment is unknown and varies according to a given law. As a result, the process is described by a system of partial differential equations and ordinary differential equations. In this case, heat transfer occurs at the right end of the rod. This complicates the obtaining of a solution of this boundary-value problem in an explicit form. But it is possible to establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the corresponding boundary-value problem for concrete admissible controls.

The criterion of quality is a quadratic functional and it is required to build control in the form of feedback. First by the Fourier method, the problem under consideration is formulated in an infinite-dimensional phase space. As a result, the problem of synthesis of optimal control in a functional space is obtained. To solve this problem, the dynamic programming method is used. To do this, let’s introduce the Bellman functional and obtain the Bellman equation, which this functional satisfies. The solution of this equation allows to find the control parameter in the form of a functional defined on the set of the state function. Further, by introducing the corresponding functions, feedback control is constructed for the original problem. Unlike program control, this allows to influence the behavior of the system at any time, that is, to ensure the self-regulation of the process. However, let’s note that the difficulties in solving this problem are connected with the justification of the proposed method. This is established by the investigation of a closed system.
DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION SUPPORT OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF UNDERGROUND PIPELINES
Authors: Yuzevych Larysa , Skrynkovskyy Ruslan , Koman Bohdan
Published: August 2017

Recommendations are worked out in relation to the evaluation of longevity and quality of underground metallic pipelines in the conditions of corrosion fatigue. The features of early exposure of crisis (before accident) situations are set. A complex qualimetric criterion is offered for determination of level of quality of pipeline by the account of his technological specific. The elements of investment project and methodology of estimation of resource are worked out. and also influences of factors of different nature on risks and possibility of accident of gas pipelines.

The model of corrosion fatigue of metal is based on power criterion of destruction mechanics according to which there is an act of destruction in an arbitrary elemental volume of a material if the total irreversibly scattered energy of plastic deformation for all load cycles will reach a critical value equal to the energy of destruction.

In order to control the corrosion process taking the polarization potential into account, a criterion relation is used to determine the rate of residual corrosion of a metal in the defect of the insulation coating, in particular, at the top of the crack, which is an anode region.

The adhesive strength criteria of biocorrosive aggressive soil, mechanical criteria for the stress intensity factor, the criterion of corrosion resistance defect, criterion correlation for estimating the speed of residual corrosion in defect of insulation coating with imposed diagnostic weight characteristics and diagnostic value of tests, that complement, clarify and improve the corrosion monitoring system of pipelines, helpful for controlling and optimizing of the corrosion process, and Development of recommendations for anti-corrosion protection of metal are used in areas with non-stationary plastic deformation.
USING OF THE WAVE TECHNOLOGIES IN INTENSIFICATION PROCESSES OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
Authors: Burdo Oleg , Bandura Valentyna , Zykov Aleksandr , Zozulyak Igor , Levtrinskaya Julia , Marenchenko Elena
Published: August 2017

The advantages of wave technologies in comparison with traditional thermal technologies are considered. The aim of research is using of innovative wave technologies to intensify the processes of heat and mass transfer in the processes of dehydration and extraction, while reducing energy costs. A classification of the mechanisms of intensification of heat and mass transfer processes is proposed. Technical methods for intensifying heat and mass transfer during the processing of plant raw materials using technologies for targeted delivery of energy are developed. Samples of equipment are presented that implement technologies of directed energy action and innovative products obtained at these facilities. The results of experimental studies of drying in the microwave and infrared fields are shown.
Evaluación de la confiabilidad del constructo mediante el coeficiente H: breve revisión conceptual y aplicaciones
Authors: Dominguez Lara Sergio Alexis
Published: August 2017

El coeficiente H evalúa la confiabilidad del constructo desde el enfoque SEM, dado que puede ser inadecuado el uso de los estimadores de confiabilidad habituales si no se cumplen algunos supuestos básicos. Para la demostración de la técnica se usó la información de cuatro estudios empíricos y se compararon los coeficientes de confiabilidad obtenidos (α, ω, y H). Del mismo modo, se analizó su aplicación en modelamiento bifactor. Finalmente, se discuten las ventajas, limitaciones y las condiciones para la apropiada aplicación de la técnica en el contexto de la validación de instrumentos de evaluación psicológica.
La medida de la percepción emocional con el modelo de Rasch
Authors: Delgado Ana
Published: August 2017

Reconocer y denominar expresiones emocionales son habilidades en cuyo estudio existe un creciente interés por parte de la psicología y las neurociencias; trastornos tales como el autismo, la esquizofrenia y la depresión se caracterizan por dificultades en reconocer las emociones ajenas. El hallazgo de diferencias a favor de las mujeres en Percepción Emocional (PE) ha sido replicado transculturalmente por lo que sirve como evidencia de validez. En esta investigación, de diseño instrumental, se construyeron 28 ítems y se pusieron a prueba mediante el modelo de Rasch (MR) en una muestra de población general española (102 varones y 102 mujeres; rango de edad=18-65). El ajuste datos-modelo fue suficiente. Las medidas de las personas muestran que el test resultó fácil (rango= –.60 a 4.14 logits). Se hallaron las diferencias sexuales predichas, d= -.36 (d con corrección de la atenuación= -.50); que ningún ítem mostrase funcionamiento diferencial (DIF) asociado al sexo y que la variable construida tenga propiedades intervalares añade confianza al valor estimado del tamaño del efecto. La construcción de una escala de intervalo en la que se localizan conjuntamente ítems y personas ofrece información cuantitativa y permite detectar patrones inesperados de respuesta que pueden ser de utilidad para el diagnóstico neuropsicológico.
Problemas de comportamiento, problemas emocionales y de atención en niños y adolescentes que viven en acogimiento residencial
Authors: Fernández Martha , Fernández Parra Antonio
Published: August 2017

El objetivo general del estudio es comparar la información aportada por padres, profesores y cuidadores sobre el comportamiento problemático y los problemas emocionales de preadolescentes y adolescentes venezolanos institucionalizados y que viven con sus familias, cuyas edades están comprendidas entre 11 y 16 años. La muestra estuvo constituida por 111 participantes institucionalizados en asociaciones civiles y entidades de protección del Estado, y 111 preadolescentes y adolescentes que conformaron la muestra control y pertenecían a colegios públicos, privados o subsidiados. Se valoraron los síntomas emocionales, el déficit de atención e hiperactividad, problemas con los compañeros, problemas de conducta y comportamiento prosocial. Los comportamientos problemáticos y los problemas emocionales fueron medidos a través del Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades (SDQ), con la información proveniente de padres/cuidadores y profesores, y los problemas de atención fueron evaluados a través de la Escala para la evaluación del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (EDAH) con la información de los profesores. Las conclusiones del estudio permiten afirmar que los participantes que viven en las instituciones presentan mayor nivel de problemas de comportamiento, problemas emocionales y de atención que los preadolescentes y adolescentes que conviven con sus familias de acuerdo a los informes de los padres, profesores y cuidadores.
Revisión sistemática de modelos neurobiológicos y ejecutivos en alcoholismo
Authors: Acosta Barreto Rocio , Cuartas-Arias Mauricio , Juárez-Acosta Fernando
Published: August 2017

Alteraciones estructurales y funcionales en alcoholismo son identificadas de manera usual, pero sin claridad respecto a la diferenciación de si estas son secuelas o son previas al mismo. El objetivo de la investigación fue realizar una revisión de las publicaciones de los años 2010 a 2015 respecto a la neurobiología y el funcionamiento ejecutivo desde los enfoques de secuelas y de vulnerabilidad, en PubMed, Dialnet, Elsevier y Google Scholar, con los descriptores en inglés y español secuelas o vulnerabilidad neurobiológica al alcoholismo y secuelas o vulnerabilidad en funciones ejecutivas en el alcoholismo. Se encontraron 59 artículos de los cuales 37 corresponden al modelo de secuelas y 22 al modelo de vulnerabilidad. Se evidencia incremento en los estudios que resaltan los factores de predisposición neurobiológica y neuropsicológica para el inicio de consumo de alcohol.
Singleton Vaginal Breech Delivery at Term: Maternal and Perinatal Outcome
Authors: Wasim Tayyiba , Wasim Ahmad Zunair , Majrooh Muhammad Ashraf
Published: August 2017

Objectives: To determine fetomaternal outcome in patients undergoing planned vaginal breech delivery at term.

Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at Lady Aitchison hospital, Lahore for one and a half year from July 2012 to December 2013. All patients presenting with term breech presentation were included. Fetomaternal outcome in terms of successful vaginal delivery, maternal complications of operative delivery, PPH, wound infection and fetal complications of apgar score of less than five minutes, nursery admission, trauma during delivery (bone fracture, intra cranial hemorrhage) and perinatal mortality was studied.

Results:  375 patients delivered as breech presentation during the study period. Out of 375 patients, 155 patients were selected for vaginal birth. Out of these, 65% had successful vaginal delivery, rest had emergency caesarean section due to fetal distress, cord prolapse dysfunctional labour. 6.4% patients had wound infection and 3.2% had PPH. Booking status was significantly important in patients who had successful vaginal delivery as 80% were booked (p = 0.001). There was no maternal mortality in these patients. Perinatal outcome was good in 87% of patients. 20 fetuses had Apgar score less than 7/min and required nursery admission. Two babies expired due to birth asphyxia and rest were discharged home in satisfactory condition.

Conclusion:  Although delivery of breech remains a dilemma, the plan of delivery should be individualized. Proper selection of cases with proper antenatal and intrapartum care can result in successful breech vaginal delivery without compromising feto maternal wellbeing and curtailing the percentage of caesarean being done for this malpresentation.
Use of Social Media Tool “Whatsapp” in Medical Education
Authors: Dar Qudsia Anwar , Ahmad Farooq , Ramzan Muhammad , Khan Sadaf Humayun , Ramzan Khadija , Ahmed Waqar , Kamal Zahid
Published: August 2017

We are living in an era of technology where smart phones and hence social media has entered into many aspects of our life. Many professions are using social media to improve communication between colleagues. Social media tools are gaining attention in medical education as well.

Objective:  To explore the potential of WhatsApp as an instructional strategy for 4th Year MBBS students in Ophthalmology.

Methods:  We made two groups of students on WhatsApp one for males and one for females. Topic of lecture, relevant images of taught topic and MCQs and SEQs were shared in both groups and students were encouraged to ask questions if they had any. After ten lectures the students were asked to give their feedback on our activity of WhatsApp group on an anonymous questionnaire.

Results:  Two hundred and thirty four students, 145 (62.0%) female and 86 (36.8%) males students filled in the anonymous questionnaire. One hundred and eighty nine students (88.77%) were using social media to learn medicine while 45 students (19.23%) were not. Sixty seven students (29.39%) were using both WhatsApp and Facebook, 65 students (28.51%) were using Facebook, 57 students (25%) were using WhatsApp. Sixty percent of students were using social media once or more than twice a day. Eighty eight (63.8%) female students and 66 (77.7%) male students ranked this activity as high or above. To the open ended question we got appreciative comments and some suggestion.

Conclusion:  WhatsApp is an effective social media tool to motivate, augmentand perhaps improve the learning of undergraduates in addition to traditional teaching.
Wound Complications Due to Obesity in the Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Rasool Ammar , Muhammad Yar , Gondal Khalid Masood , Khan Umair Ahmed
Published: August 2017

Various factors may affect the outcome of patients in perioperative period. Obesity is considered as one of these factors which increases the risk of perioperative complications. The wound complications in obese and non-obese are different.

Objective:  The objective of the study was to compare wound complications in obese and non-obese patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

Methods:  This comparative study was conducted from 01- 05-2012 to 30-04-2015 on 140 patients in the department of surgery, Mayo Hospital Lahore. All these patients were divided into two groups of 70 patients each. Group A (obese) and B (nonobese) on the basis of body mass index. The patients of age less than 12 years, peritonitis, diabetes mellitus, jaundice, renal failure, coagulation disorder were excluded in both groups. All the patients had open and laparoscopic surgery by the consultant on elective list. The operative and postoperative findings and outcome in term of wound complications like wound infection, dehiscence, seroma, hernia, were noted.

Results:  All the140 patients were divided into group A (obese) and B (non obese) of 70 patients each. The age ranged from 17 to 58 years and males were common (50.8%) than females (49.2%). In group A, body mass index varied from 31.9kg m-2 to 39.08kg m-2 and in group B from 19.3kg m-2 to 23.2kg m-2. The complications in group A were wound infection in 18, dehiscence in 5, seroma in 13, and hernia 4 patients. While in group B, the complications were wound infection in 3, seroma in 5, no dehiscence and incisional hernia in one patient. The results showed that early and late wound complications are more in obese patients.

Conclusion:  The wound complications are significantly associated with obesity in patients undergoing abdominal surgery and are more in obese than in non obese patients.
Efficacy and Safety of Carbon Dioxide Ablative Fractional Resurfacing (CO2-AFR) Device in Moderate to Severe Atrophic Acne Scars
Authors: Saeed Wajieha , Rani Zahida , Aslam Shazia
Published: August 2017

Acne having a prevalence of > 90% in adolescents persisting in adulthood, causes inflammation and scaring. Acne scars cause severe social, psychological and cosmetic problems. There are many remedies available for acne scars with variable results. CO2-AFR laser is a new modality with more effectiveness and low side effect profile.

Objective:  To determine the effectiveness and safety of CO2-AFR device in the treatment of moderate to severe atrophic acne scars.

Study Design:  Interventional study.

Place and Duration of Study:  This study was conducted at Dermatology Department Unit-I, Mayo Hospital Lahore and duration was 1 year, from April 2015 to March 2016.

Material and Methods:  The 30 patients of either sex, having moderate to severe atrophic acne scars were enrolled in the study. Pretreatment assessment of acne scars was done by using Goodman & Baron qualitative scarring grading system. Patients were treated at 4 – 5 weeks interval with maximum 5 sessions. Objective assessment for efficacy and side effects was done at each session. Data was collected on a specially designed proforma and statistical analysis carried out by using SPSS version 17.

Results:  Significant improvement in acne scars was observed. 14 (46.7%) patients showed good efficacy (50 – 75% reduction), 1 (3.3%) patient came out with excellent efficacy (> 75%) and 14 (46.7%) patients showed fair efficacy (25 – 50% reduction in acne scars). 13.3% patients showed few delayed side effects which resolved with treatment.

Conclusion:  CO2-AFR device was proved to be effective and safe in the treatment of moderate to severe atrophic acne scars.
Association of Internet Supported Physical Activity with Academic Performance of Medical Students
Authors: Khan Muhammad Arif , Afzal Saira , Ahmed Zainab , Mishal Mina , Manan Abdul , Cheema Amna , Tasneem Ayesha , Rahbar Muhammad , Mehmood Bakhtawer , Shahid Aneeqa , Sehole Muazah , Bilal Ahmad , Shakil Muhammad Saud
Published: August 2017

Physical activity is known to decrease stress and improve academic performance (cognitive skills, attitudes and academic scores) in students as it increases the blood flow to the brain thereby increasing oxygenation of the neuronal tissues. This is specially applied in the students of medical universities where higher stress levels are recorded.

Objective:  To determine the role of internet supported physical activity in academic performance of medical students. The study design is Quasi Experimental Study conducted in a Medical University, Lahore for 6 months.

Methods:  A total of 100 students (age 18 – 25) were enrolled. Data were collected through pretested questionnaires and analyzed by frequency tables, cross tabulations and paired sample t-tests through SPSS version 16.

Results:  After the intervention was carried out, 91% of the students had noticed significant increases in their physical energy levels and stress levels were reduced in 79% of the students. A total of 52% of students lost their weight after the intervention out of which 44% had also claimed a decrease in their stress levels. Academic Performance of students was determined by the following factors; Cognitive skills and attitudes, which further included attention span(an increase of 62% was seen), memory (improvement was seen in 62% of the students) and grasp on concepts (which was increased in 77%), Class room behaviors such as class attendance (increase was seen in 59% of the students) and Academic scores (improvement was not significant (p = .612) and increase was seen only in 43% of students of which 23 were female and 20 were male students). However, the physical activity and academic performance was statistically in significant (p = 0.612).

 

Conclusion:  The physical activity and academic performance was not found to be significant. In addition, physical activity was found to decrease stress levels and this decrease in stress was positively related to weight loss in these students.
Hysterosonography and Transvaginal Ultrasonography for Detection of Intrauterine Lesions in Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Dogar Iqbal Hussain , Masood Mahjabeen , Gautam Mahesh , Tariq Mahjabeen
Published: August 2017

Abnormal Uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the frequent complaints of female patients of all ages. AUB is present in 33% of women referred to gynecologists and this increases to 69% in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. About 10 % of postmenopausal bleeding results from endometrial cancer and imaging is the mainstay for its identification. Imaging plays a vital role in differentiating structural lesions like endometrial carcinomas, myomas and polyps which require surgical management from functional disorders requiring medical management. Transvaginal Ultrasonography (TVUS) is the first line imaging modality for AUB after selecting the patients with inconclusive pelvic ultrasonographic results. Hysterosonography (HSG) also plays a pivotal role.

Objectives:  To compares between TVUS and HSG in the detection and identification of intrauterine lesions in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding, and comparing the sensitivity and specificity of the respective methods in the detection of such lesions.

Methods:  Thisstudy was conducted in Department of Radiology, Mayo Hospital Lahore. Fifty women presented with history of abnormal uterine bleeding were included in this study. Pregnancy was ruled out by transabdominal scan. Transvaginal ultrasound and hysterosonography were performed in all the patients. All the data were coded and analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results:  Out of 50 patients, 10 patients had intramyometrial fibroid, 11 had submucosal fibroid, endometrial polyp was found in 17 patients and 2 patients had thickened endometrium (thickness > 8mm). The sensitivity and specificity of TVUS was found to be 83.2% and 82.7% respectively whereas HSG showed sensitivity and specificity of 95.4% and 91.5% respectively. In the detection of the submucosal fibroid and endometrial polyp, HSG showed highest sensitivity and specificity as compared totransvaginal ultrasound.

Conclusion:  Both the TVUS and HSG have comparable sensitivity and specificity in the detection of endometrial disease in patients presented with abnormal uterine bleeding however HSG is more sensitive in the detection of polyps.
Cross Cultural Variation in Emotion Regulation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ramzan Nosheen , Amjad Naumana
Published: August 2017

A systematic review of literature on emotion regulation is carried out with the aim to identify, analyze and compare the commonly used emotion regulatory strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) in individualistic and collectivistic cultures including Pakistan and to study outcomes of different emotion regulation strategies in culture specific context. A systematic search has been conducted for required articles which have been published between 1990 and 2015. Only those studies have been included in the review which reported either cognitive reappraisal or expressive suppression in their findings. Review indicates that individualistic cultures prefer emotional expression to regulate emotions while collectivistic cultures, such as in Pakistan, focus more on expressive suppression. Emotional suppression can cause mental disease, physiological illness, and poor social and psychological adjustment. To sum up, culture predicts whether individuals are motivated to express or suppress their emotions. Collectivist culture encourages greatest control on emotion expression while interacting with family and friends with more emphasis on maintaining social harmony. On the other hand, individualistic culture endorses comparatively less expression of negative emotions especially towards strangers. Adjusting one’s emotion to the social environment is more important in cultural context.
Effectiveness of Utero-Vaginal Packing in Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Javed Lubna , Munir Shamila Ijaz , Eusaph Amna Zia
Published: August 2017

A major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in developing world is postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Different management options have been in use including use of oxytocins, prostaglandins, surgical exploration of genital tract, ligation or angiographic embolization of uterine/internal iliac arteries and hysterectomy. A simple and effective measure is to control bleeding with uterovaginal packing which is easy and quick to perform and saves the patient need of major surgical procedures.

Objective:  To determine effectiveness of uterovaginal packing in control of postpartum hemorrhage, its safety and complications associated with it.

Place and Duration of Study:  This study was carried out in Gynae unit 1 of Lady Willingdon Hospital Lahore from January 2014 – June 2015.

Patients and Methods:  It was a prospective interventional study. The patients presenting with postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal or abdominal delivery who did not respond to medical management were included in the study. Patients who had PPH due to genital tract trauma were excluded from this study. Frequencies and proportions of complications were calculated along with rate of successful cessation of bleeding. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 11.

Results:  99 patients who presented with PPH were included in study.49.5% were between age of 31 – 40 years, 38.4% were between 21– 30 years. 8.1% of patients were P1-2, 52.5% were P3-5 and 39.4% were P6 and above. 76.7% had hemorrhage after vaginal delivery and 23.3% after lower segment caesarean section. Uterineatony was the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage, seen in 78.78% of cases, 9.09% had placenta previa, 8.08% presented with abruption placenta and 4.04% had coagulopathy. Regarding complications 7 women had to undergo hysterectomy, fever occurred in 14.14%, 8.08% had wound infection and 2 patients died of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). Procedure was successful in 90.9% of cases.

Conclusion:  Utero-vaginal packing effectively controls postpartum hemorrhage with fewer complications and its role in emergency obstetric scan not be denied.
Inferior Gluteus Maximus Island Flap for Reconstruction of Ischial Pressure Sores
Authors: Sajjad Yawar , Rahat Beenish , Hameed Salman
Published: August 2017

Surgical management of ischial pressure sores has always been a challenge due to high recurrence rate. Ischial pressure sores develop due to unrelieved pressure over the Ischium. Inferior gluteus maximus island flap has been used effectively for coverage of ischial pressure sores.

Objective:  To describe the efficacy of inferior gluteus maximus flap for reconstruction of ischial pressure sores.

Methods:  A retrospective case series, consisted of sample of 17 cases. The study was conducted in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore General Hospital Lahore, over a period of 8 years from March 2008 to March 2016. The case series included17 patients with grade 3 and grade 4 ischial pressure sores, comprising 12 male and 5 female, with age range of 28 to 64 (mean = 46 years).Follow-up ranged from 1 to 4 years with a mean of 2.5 years. Inferior gluteus maximus island flap was used for reconstruction of Ischial pressure sores.

Results:  In thirteen (76%) of the seventeen patients, wound healed uneventfully without any complication. Partial wound dehiscence was observed in 2 patients (12%). Both of these healed with conservative wound management. Recurrence was seen in 2 patients (12%) after 8 months. These two patients underwent reoperation and gluteus maximus flap was readvanced that resulted in satisfactory wound coverage.

Conclusion:  Inferior gluteus maximus island flap can be considered as a reliable option for reconstruction of ischial pressure sores.
Antibiotic Stewardship: Battle to Defeat Superbugs
Authors: Afzal Muhammad Faheem
Published: August 2017

The practice of medicine has been transformed by antimicrobials. However, overuse and misuse of anti-microbials is one of the major global health problems. Longer and expensive hospital stays are expected for those patients who are suffering from multi-drug resistant organisms.1
      Antibiotic stewardship is an emerging concept and may be defined as coordinated interventions to imp-rove and measure the appropriate use of antimicrobials with selection of the optimal antimicrobial drug regimen, duration, dose, and route of administration.” Antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) is aimed to tar-get the antibiotic related optimal clinical outcomes, minimal toxicity and adverse events, cost reduction for infections, and curtail the selection for antimicrobial resistant strains.Centre for disease control and prevention (CDC) has described core elements of hospital ASP, the essentials of these are leadership commitment, accountability, drug expertise, action, tracking, reporting, and education.2 This program has larger impact on infection rates, resistance patterns, costs and clinical outcomes in many studies.3, 4
      Pakistan, being the developing country, is facing the problem of antimicrobial resistance at large due to irrational use of antimicrobials. Review of data on drug use in Pakistan shows the excessive and irrational drug use in Pakistan with higher use of antimicrobials and injections and choice of more expensive drugs with inadequate dispensing, compared to the lower middle income countries. The injudicious use of anti-microbials attribute towards antimicrobial resistance and emergence of new mutant strain.5-8
      In Pakistan, there is need to conduct drug utilization to identify appropriate usage of drugs in terms of medical, social and economic aspects. To overcome the problem, strategies to decrease unnecessary anti-biotic prescription like “Antibiotic Stewardship Programs” must be implemented.9 In Pakistan, Medical microbiology and Infectious diseases society of Pakis-tan (MMIDSP) has taken initiative to develop indigenous ASP and training program. The ASP should be the part of undergraduate curriculum to sensitize our future doctors. The regulatory authorities should also be active in monitoring the judicious use of antimicrobials. The masses should have easy access to the quality health care services, so as to minimize the irrational antimicrobial use.
Treatment of a Fellow Doctor in a Public Sector Hospital: Ethnographic Study of Collegial Professionalism
Authors: TARIN EHSANULLAH
Published: August 2017

Ethics and collegiality in medical profession requires a doctor to treat fellow professional as brother and sister. Ethnography was employed to study the status of collegiality in public sector hospital, where an ailing doc-tor sought clinical care from a physician. The former, on account of the latter’s cold reception and behaviour, reacted with his blood pressure shooting-up. The communication gap led the ailing doctor, who com-plied by coming to the laboratory, was perturbed, making him firstly unfit and later decided not to undergo the prescribed test. While Pakistan Medical and Dental Council have the responsibility to oversee, the under-graduate medical education and training should also lay greater emphasis on ethics in medical practice and healthy collegiality in the medical profession.