bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the silver fir forest vegetation 50 years after cessation of active management
Authors: Woziwoda Beata , Kopeć Dominik
Published: July 2015

Knowledge of the vegetation and the monitoring of its changes in preserved areas is an essential part of effective conservation policy and management. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of traditional methods of conservation of silver fir forests. The study analyses the changes in the structure and species composition of a temperate forest excluded from the commercial silvicultural management for 50 years, and since then protected as a nature reserve. The study is based on a comparative analysis of phytosociological reléves made on permanent plots in 1961, 1982, 1994 and 2011. PCA and ecological indicator values were analyzed, as well as characteristic species based on an indicator value (IndVal) index. Results revealed significant and dynamic changes in the forest structure and composition. The mixed coniferous-broadleaved forest with Abies alba and diverse ground flora, considered in the 1960s as valuable and worthy of conservation, was found to have been anthropogenically transformed and unstable. Significant reduction in the human impact was followed by spontaneous regeneration of oak–hornbeam forest. However, the directional process of changes in vegetation was modified by such silvicultural treatments as selective cutting of trees and gap creation, all intended for silver fir maintenance. The results show that Carpinus betulus effectively outcompeted Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Quercus robur and A. alba. Changes in the forest overstory and understory caused temporal changes in the habitat conditions reflected in changes in the ground vegetation composition. The proportion of light-demanding and oligotrophic species significantly decreased, while the contribution of species with a wide ecological amplitude, i.e. more shade-tolerant and nutrient-demanding – increased. The share of A. alba was reduced. Species defined in this study as most valuable, should be actively protected, or selection of conservation targets should be re-evaluated.
Estratégias do capital na produção do espaço urbano: o processo de verticalização e as desigualdades socioespaciais em São Luís, Maranhão Strategies of capital in the production of urban space (...)
Authors: Santos Luiz Eduardo Neves dos
Published: July 2015

A compreensão das formas de produção do espaço urbano no município de São Luís, com ênfase no processo de urbanização, verticalização e desigualdades socioespaciais constitui o objetivo primacial deste artigo. De início, apresenta-se uma discussão sobre as contradições do espaço urbano e também sobre as categorias teóricas “verticalização” e “desigualdades socioespaciais”, para logo após se fazer uma breve abordagem sobre a produção do espaço urbano de São Luís. Por fim, o artigo faz uma abordagem analítica sobre as transformações decorrentes da produção do espaço urbano de São Luís pelas estratégias do capital a partir da interpretação crítica dos dados dos Censos de 2000 e 2010 do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE, de dados relativos aos investimentos estatais na área da habitação e da sua legislação urbanística. A inserção dos empreendimentos verticais na cidade pela produção do espaço urbano e a consequente expansão da propriedade privada, aparecem como elementos de uma contradição fundamental, que separa grupos sociais dominantes de grupos sociais dominados em uma cidade visivelmente fragmentada e desigual.Palavras-Chave: Espaço urbano; Verticalização; Desigualdades socioespaciais; Capital; São Luís. AbstractThe Understanding the forms of production of urban space in São Luís, with emphasis on urbanization, socio-spatial inequalities and verticalization process is the substantial purpose of this article. At first, we present a discussion of the contradictions of urban space and also on the theoretical categories "vertical" and "socio-spatial inequalities", soon after making a brief overview on the production of urban space of São Luís. Finally, the article makes an analytical approach to changes resulting from the production of urban space of São Luís by the strategies of capital from the critical interpretation of the data of Census 2000 and 2010 the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics – IBGE, data on state investments in housing and its planning legislation. The vertical integration of enterprises in the city for the production of urban space and the consequent expansion of private property, appear as elements of a fundamental contradiction which separates dominant social groups social groups dominated in a visibly fragmented and uneven city. Keywords: Urban space; Verticalization; Socio-spatial inequalities; Capital; São Luís.
Análise integrada da paisagem e formas de uso do solo no litoral de Galinhos/RN: subsídios à gestão integrada da zona costeira/Integrated landscape analysis and land use forms (...)
Authors: Diniz Marco Túlio Mendonça , Maria Girleany Kelly Macêdo de , Ferreira Anderson De Souza
Published: July 2015

Com vistas a fornecer subsídios à Gestão Integrada da Zona Costeira – GIZC do litoral de Galinhos/RN realizamos neste trabalho uma compartimentação geoambiental e um mapeamento das formas de uso e ocupação do solo. A metodologia empregada foi a análise integrada da paisagem. Na análise das unidades geoambientais atentamos para sua sustentabilidade, vulnerabilidade e estabilidade. A unidade mais indicada à ocupação humana é justamente a menos ocupada – os Tabuleiros Costeiros, que tem apenas algumas propriedades rurais. Foram encontradas várias formas de uso e ocupação inadequadas à seus ambientes. Ao final das análises foram feitas recomendações para subsidiar a GIZC da área.Palavras-chave: Geografia Costeira, Geossistema, Costa Semiárida Brasileira.  AbstractAiming to provide subsidies to Integrated Coastal Zone Management – ICZM at Galinhos/RN Coastal Zone in this work we perform a geoenvironmental partitioning and mapped forms of land use and occupation. The methodology was the integrated analysis of the landscape.In the analysis of geoenvironmental units attend to their sustainability, vulnerability and stability. The unit most suitable for human occupation is precisely the least busy - the Coastal Tablelands has only a few farms. We found many different ways to use and occupation unsuitable for their environments. At the end of the analysis recommendations were made to support the ICZM area.  Keywords: Coastal Geography, Geosystem, Brazilian Semiarid Coast.
Les deux Durkheim de Parsons et Alexander
Authors: Pizarro Noël François
Published: July 2015

Jeffrey C. Alexander (1947-) semble avoir succédé depuis quelques années à Talcott Parsons (1902-1979) au titre du sociologue américain le plus influent. Comme Parsons, son oeuvre s’est d’abord construite sur une réinterprétation critique des auteurs classiques. C’est en grande partie par le biais d’une étude des écrits durkheimiens conférant aux Formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse un statut particulier que les deux auteurs ont élaboré, chacun à leur manière, une théorie volontariste de l’action sociale et une théorie émergentiste de l’ordre social. Au-delà des différences de leurs interprétations fondées sur leurs manières d’identifier des étapes dans le développement de la pensée durkheimienne, leur similarité consiste à centrer leur attention sur sa théorie de la religion pour la rabattre à une théorie de l’action sociale.
Les formes élémentaires, ou la naissance d’une socio-anthropologie symbolique
Authors: Vibert Stéphane
Published: July 2015

Si les thèses développées dans les Formes élémentaires de la vie religieuse ont subi bon nombre de critiques depuis sa parution, tant au niveau de la validité des faits relevés que de l’interprétation du totémisme, et si la théorie « sociologique » de l’essence de la religion continue évidemment de faire débat, il n’en reste pas moins que la question la plus centrale de l’ouvrage – et la plus actuelle puisqu’elle oriente la compréhension même du rôle et de la nature des sciences sociales – s’avère d’ordre ontologique : l’intelligence de la société comme réalité tant idéelle que matérielle, individuelle que collective, bref comme réalité symbolique. À partir notamment des lectures stimulantes de Karsenti et Tarot, le symbolisme sera présenté comme logique spécifique des représentations collectives, comme processus par lequel un groupe humain, tout en s’ordonnant autour d’un ensemble structuré d’idées-valeurs, ne se conçoit comme totalité concrète que par la circulation de formes sensibles maintenant les acteurs en interdépendance relationnelle.
Émile Durkheim en renfort. Son actualité dans le renouvellement de la théorie critique chez Axel Honneth
Authors: Larouche Jean-Marc
Published: July 2015

Dans ces derniers travaux, Axel Honneth se réfère abondamment à Émile Durkheim pour actualiser les prétentions d’une théorie critique face aux enjeux du développement contemporain du monde du travail. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons en quoi la normativité chez Durkheim prend appui sur l’analyse sociologique; dans une deuxième temps, nous nous attardons au dernier ouvrage de Honneth, Freedom’s Right. The Social Foundations of Democratic Life, notamment à son analyse des formes d’institutionnalisation de la liberté sociale chez Durkheim; une troisième partie permet de montrer la convergence entre Durkheim et Hegel sur le thème du travail et de la reconnaissance; enfin, la dernière partie se concentre sur la critique immanente des formes contemporaines de l’organisation du travail dans la Division du travail social.
Driver’s Attitudes about the Impact of Caffeine and Energy Drinks on Road Traffic Safety
Authors: Pešić Dalibor , Antić Boris , Brčić Davor , Davidović Jelica
Published: July 2015

Large amounts of energy drinks and caffeine, which is the main ingredient of energy drinks, produce a negative effect on the drivers, and therefore affect traffic safety.In order to determine the attitudes of drivers toward the impact of energy drinks and caffeine, a research was conducted using a questionnaire form and the targeted group of the survey were drivers. The research was conducted in the City of Belgrade in December 2012. There were 420 survey papers distributed to drivers of different age groups of which 412 were returned. The survey was completely anonymous and consisted of two parts. The first part was related to basic demographic information about the respondents and it had 8 closed type questions. These questions were responded by circling one of the offered answers. The second part of the survey referred to determining the driver’s attitudes about energy drinks and caffeine. The second part consisted of 26 questions and respondents were to use a five-level scale in order to show to what extent they agree or disagree with any of the listed statements.The results show that energy drinks are consumed mostly by young people, less than 25 years old. The effect of caffeine on gender is statistically significant. Headache is the reason why caffeine (25%) is consumed more than energy drinks (8%).Major impact of energy drinks and caffeine on road safety indicates a required activity in this area such as education.
Reliability and Validity of the Footprint Assessment Method Using Photoshop CS5 Software
Authors: Gutiérrez-Vilahú Lourdes , Massó-Ortigosa Núria , Costa-Tutusaus Lluís , Guerra-Balic Myriam
Published: July 2015

Background

Several sophisticated methods of footprint analysis currently exist. However, it is sometimes useful to apply standard measurement methods of recognized evidence with an easy and quick application. We sought to assess the reliability and validity of a new method of footprint assessment in a healthy population using Photoshop CS5 software (Adobe Systems Inc, San Jose, California).

Methods

Forty-two footprints, corresponding to 21 healthy individuals (11 men with a mean ± SD age of 20.45 ± 2.16 years and 10 women with a mean ± SD age of 20.00 ± 1.70 years) were analyzed. Footprints were recorded in static bipedal standing position using optical podography and digital photography. Three trials for each participant were performed. The Hernández-Corvo, Chippaux-Smirak, and Staheli indices and the Clarke angle were calculated by manual method and by computerized method using Photoshop CS5 software. Test-retest was used to determine reliability. Validity was obtained by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

The reliability test for all of the indices showed high values (ICC, 0.98–0.99). Moreover, the validity test clearly showed no difference between techniques (ICC, 0.99–1).

Conclusions

The reliability and validity of a method to measure, assess, and record the podometric indices using Photoshop CS5 software has been demonstrated. This provides a quick and accurate tool useful for the digital recording of morphostatic foot study parameters and their control.
A Postaxial Polydactyly with a Partial Duplication of the Fifth Metatarsal Without a Supernumerary Digit
Authors: Choi Gi Won , Yoon Jung Ro , Kim Youngbae B. , Yu Jung Jin , Seo Hyo Seong , Kim Taik Seon
Published: July 2015

Postaxial polydactyly of the foot is one of the most common congenital malformations. Only a few cases of postaxial polydactyly with a partial duplication of the fifth metatarsal without a supernumerary digit have been reported, and both metatarsal heads were united to form a common joint with the proximal phalanx in all of those cases. We present a rare case of postaxial polydactyly with a partial duplication of the fifth metatarsal characterized by dual metatarsal heads and an extra proximal phalanx bud, without a supernumerary digit.
Noise promotes independent control of gamma oscillations and grid firing within recurrent attractor networks
Authors: Solanka Lukas , van Rossum Mark CW , Nolan Matthew F
Published: July 2015

Neural computations underlying cognitive functions require calibration of the strength of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connections and are associated with modulation of gamma frequency oscillations in network activity. However, principles relating gamma oscillations, synaptic strength and circuit computations are unclear. We address this in attractor network models that account for grid firing and theta-nested gamma oscillations in the medial entorhinal cortex. We show that moderate intrinsic noise massively increases the range of synaptic strengths supporting gamma oscillations and grid computation. With moderate noise, variation in excitatory or inhibitory synaptic strength tunes the amplitude and frequency of gamma activity without disrupting grid firing. This beneficial role for noise results from disruption of epileptic-like network states. Thus, moderate noise promotes independent control of multiplexed firing rate- and gamma-based computational mechanisms. Our results have implications for tuning of normal circuit function and for disorders associated with changes in gamma oscillations and synaptic strength.
Quantitative and functional interrogation of parent-of-origin allelic expression biases in the brain
Authors: Perez Julio D , Rubinstein Nimrod D , Fernandez Daniel E , Santoro Stephen W , Needleman Leigh A , Ho-Shing Olivia , Choi John J , Zirlinger Mariela , Chen Shau-Kwaun , Liu Jun S , Dulac Catherine
Published: July 2015

The maternal and paternal genomes play different roles in mammalian brains as a result of genomic imprinting, an epigenetic regulation leading to differential expression of the parental alleles of some genes. Here we investigate genomic imprinting in the cerebellum using a newly developed Bayesian statistical model that provides unprecedented transcript-level resolution. We uncover 160 imprinted transcripts, including 41 novel and independently validated imprinted genes. Strikingly, many genes exhibit parentally biased—rather than monoallelic—expression, with different magnitudes according to age, organ, and brain region. Developmental changes in parental bias and overall gene expression are strongly correlated, suggesting combined roles in regulating gene dosage. Finally, brain-specific deletion of the paternal, but not maternal, allele of the paternally-biased Bcl-x, (Bcl2l1) results in loss of specific neuron types, supporting the functional significance of parental biases. These findings reveal the remarkable complexity of genomic imprinting, with important implications for understanding the normal and diseased brain.
Frequency of occurrence of rain from liquid‐, mixed‐, and ice‐phase clouds derived from A‐Train satellite retrievals
Authors: Mülmenstädt Johannes , Sourdeval O. , Delanoë J. , Quaas J.
Published: July 2015

A climatology of thermodynamic phase of precipitating cloud is presented derived from global—land and ocean—, retrievals from Cloudsat, CALIPSO, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. Like precipitation rate, precipitation frequency is dominated by warm rain, defined as rain produced via the liquid phase only, over the tropical oceans outside the Intertropical Convergence Zone and by cold rain, produced via the ice phase, over the midlatitude oceans and continents. Warm rain is very infrequent over the continents, with significant warm rain found only in onshore flow in the tropics, and over India, China, and Indochina. Comparison of the properties of precipitating and nonprecipitating warm clouds shows that the scarcity of warm rain over land can be explained by smaller effective radii in continental clouds that delay the onset of precipitation. The results highlight the importance of ice‐phase processes for the global hydrological cycle and may lead to an improved parameterization of precipitation in general circulation models.
Adaptive compensation for infinite number of actuator failures with an application to flight control
Authors: Wang Chenliang , Guo Lei
Published: July 2015

In this paper, a new adaptive compensation control scheme is proposed for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown parameters and unknown actuator failures. The normal operation case and different failure cases of actuators are unified through a time‐varying model. By introducing a smooth function, an integrable auxiliary signal, and a bound estimation approach, the effect of failures is successfully compensated for, and the total number of failures is not restricted to be finite. It is shown that all closed‐loop signals are globally uniformly bounded, and the tracking error converges to zero asymptotically regardless of the possibly infinite number of actuator failures. An application to the longitudinal dynamic model of a twin otter aircraft is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon and Graphene Quantum Dots for Optoelectronic and Energy Devices: A Review
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Rui Muchen , Song Jizhong , Shen Zihan , Zeng Haibo
Published: July 2015

As new members of carbon material family, carbon and graphene quantum dots (CDs, GQDs) have attracted tremendous attentions for their potentials for biological, optoelectronic, and energy related applications. Among these applications, bio‐imaging has been intensively studied, but optoelectronic and energy devices are rapidly rising. In this Feature Article, recent exciting progresses on CD‐ and GQD‐based optoelectronic and energy devices, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells (SCs), photodetctors (PDs), photocatalysis, batteries, and supercapacitors are highlighted. The recent understanding on their microstructure and optical properties are briefly introduced in the first part. Some important progresses on optoelectronic and energy devices are then addressed as the main part of this Feature Article. Finally, a brief outlook is given, pointing out that CDs and GQDs could play more important roles in communication‐ and energy‐functional devices in the near future.
Self‐Assembling Prodrugs by Precise Programming of Molecular Structures that Contribute Distinct Stability, Pharmacokinetics, and Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: Wang Hangxiang , Xie Haiyang , Wang Jianguo , Wu Jiaping , Ma Xueji , Li Lingling , Wei Xuyong , Ling Qi , Song Penghong , Zhou Lin , Xu Xiao , Zheng Shusen
Published: July 2015

The availability of precisely modulated chemical modifications dramatically affects the physicochemical properties of pristine drugs and should facilitate the amphiphilic self‐assembly of prodrugs into supramolecular nanoprodrugs (SNPs). However, rationally designing such prodrugs to achieve favorable clinical outcomes still remains a challenge. Here, a library of prodrugs through site‐specific attachment of a variety of lipophilic moieties to the antitumor agent SN‐38 (7‐ethyl‐10‐hydroxycamptothecin) is constructed. Taking advantage of the role of hydroxyl groups as solvophilic moieties, these prodrugs exhibit self‐assembly in aqueous environments, allowing for the identification of five prodrugs capable of self‐assembling into SNPs at high drug concentrations. Importantly, in vivo studies demonstrate that the antitumor activity of the SNPs correlates well with their stability and long‐term circulation. In addition, the modular feature of this SNP design strategy offers the opportunity to readily incorporate additional valuable functionalities (e.g., tumor‐specific targeting ligands) to the particle surface, which is further exploited to improve antitumor efficacy in mouse xenograft models. Thus, this structure‐based reconstruction of SN‐38 molecules significantly improves the potency of SNPs for clinical use. These results also provide novel mechanistic insights into the rational design of prodrugs.
Investigating Technical Efficiency and Its Determinants by Data Envelopment Analysis: An Application in the Greek Food and Beverages Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Rezitis Anthony N. , Kalantzi Maria A.
Published: July 2015

In this paper, a two‐step procedure is applied in order to investigate technical efficiency and its determinants in the Greek food and beverages manufacturing industry for the period 1984–2007. Technical efficiency scores for the industry are estimated using the data envelopment analysis approach. Moreover, bootstrapped truncated regressions and OLS regressions are applied in order to investigate the factors affecting technical efficiency. The empirical results indicate that there is a fluctuation of technical efficiency scores among the sectors of the food and beverages industry. Furthermore, the findings obtained from both the Tobit and the OLS regressions support that the factors affecting positively the level of technical efficiency are sector size, capital productivity, labor productivity, and labor intensity. The results also show that the technical efficiency of the whole industry tended to decrease during the period 1984–2007. Moreover, the present paper provides some policy recommendations that may be useful for the industry to overcome the present economic crisis. Finally, in future research, the technical efficiency of the Greek food industry will be analyzed based on the meta‐analysis approach. [JEL Classifications: C60, L60, O14].
Predictors of early response to initial therapy in patients with newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma
Authors: Binder Moritz , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Gertz Morie A. , Lacy Martha Q. , Dispenzieri Angela , Buadi Francis K. , Dingli David , Hayman Suzanne R. , Lust John A. , Kapoor Prashant , Lin Yi , Go Ronald S. , Hwa Yi L. , Kyle Robert A. , Kumar Shaji K.
Published: July 2015

Response to therapy in newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma (NDMM) can impact long‐term outcomes. It is not clear if baseline laboratory parameters can predict an early, deep response. Totally 1,304 patients with NDMM seen between 2001 and 2013 at Mayo Clinic Rochester were studied. The association between baseline laboratory parameters and early, deep response defined as a very good partial response or better (VGPR+) within four cycles of treatment was investigated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the associations between the parameters of interest and response. Multivariable proportional hazards regression was used to assess the association between response and overall survival. In the entire cohort, greater absolute free light chain (FLC) differences (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.48–3.82), younger age (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.28–3.71), lower hemoglobin (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.12–2.54), and IgA myeloma (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.10–2.51) were associated with increased odds of achieving VGPR+ after four cycles. Among patients receiving novel agents in general and immunomodulators in particular, these effects were more pronounced. In patients receiving proteasome‐inhibitors, higher creatinine (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.37–10.1), lower calcium (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.36–8.35), and greater absolute FLC differences (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.10–5.71) were associated with better response. In a landmark analysis at 4 months from diagnosis, achieving VGPR+ was associated with decreased risk of subsequent mortality (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53–0.86). In summary, several parameters were associated with an early, deep response to treatment, revealing distinct sets of predictors for immunomodulator‐ and proteasome‐inhibitor‐containing regimens. Achieving VGPR+ after four cycles translated into increased overall survival. Am. J. Hematol. 90:888–891, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Second allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for graft failure: Poor outcomes for neutropenic graft failure
Authors: Lund Troy C. , Liegel Jessica , Bejanyan Nelli , Orchard Paul J. , Cao Qing , Tolar Jakub , Brunstein Claudio , Wagner John E. , Verneris Michael R. , Weisdorf Daniel
Published: July 2015

Graft failure (GF) after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) occurs in 5–30% of patients. GF can be accompanied by neutropenia (NGF) or can result with adequate neutrophils, but loss of donor chimerism (non‐neutropenic graft failure, NNGF). In this report, we describe the outcomes of 95 patients treated with a second HCT for GF at the University of Minnesota; 62 with NGF and 33 with NNGF. The cumulative incidence of neutrophil recovery at 42 days after second HCT was 45% for NGF and 88% for NNGF. A second GF occurred in 34 NGF (55%) and in 9 NNGF (27%) patients. The incidence of Grade III–IV acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) was 8% (95% confidence interval (CI), 1–16%) and 12% (95% CI, 1–23%) for NGF and NNGF, respectively. From the 2nd HCT, 1‐year overall survival (OS) was 44% (95% CI, 34–54%), [NNGF: 76% (95% CI, 57–87%) and NGF: 27% (95% CI, 17–39%)]. The most common cause of death after second HCT was infection (52%). In summary, the outcomes of second HCT after NGF and NNGF are different with much worse outcomes for NGF necessitating new approaches for this complication. Am. J. Hematol. 90:892–896, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of the source of hematopoietic stem cell in unrelated transplants: Comparison between 10/10, 9/10‐HLAmatched donors and cord blood
Authors: Granier Clémence , Biard Lucie , Masson Emeline , Porcher Raphaël , Peffault de Latour Régis , Robin Marie , Boissel Nicolas , Xhaard Alienor , Ribaud Patricia , Lengline Etienne , Larghero Jérôme , Charron Dominique , Loiseau Pascale , Socié Gérard , Dhédin Nathalie
Published: July 2015

In absence of available matched‐related or unrelated donor (MUD), mismatched unrelated donors (MMUD) and unrelated cord blood (UCB) are both considered to be suitable donors, with similar post‐transplant overall survival. In most of these retrospective comparisons, HLA typing of adult donors was performed at eight loci. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of patients transplanted from UCB (N = 64) with those transplanted from 9/10‐HLA MMUD (N = 84) or 10/10‐HLA MUD (N = 196). In multivariate analysis, UCB was associated with less Grade II–IV acute GVHD in comparison with MUD (aHR 1.97, 95% CI 1.19–3.27,P = 0.009) and MMUD transplants (aHR 1.79, 95% CI 1.02–3.15,P = 0.042), while the cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was not significantly different between the three groups. Overall survival (OS), non‐relapse mortality, and relapse were not different between MMUD and UCB transplantation, whereas OS was impaired after UCB in comparison with MUD (aHR 0.65, 95% CI 0.43–0.99,P = 0.043). Factors also impacting OS were the donor/recipient CMV serostatus (Donor−/Recipient+ aHR 1.76, 95% CI 1.23–2.52,P = 0.002 compared with D−/R−), the donor/recipient gender combination (Female/Male versus other combinations aHR 1.57, 95% CI 1.11–2.22,P = 0.012) and disease risk (aHR 1.58, 95% CI 1.05–2.38,P = 0.027 for high vs. low risk disease). Our data confirm that UCB and 9/10‐HLA MMUD are both relevant alternative options when no 10/10‐HLA donor is available. Donor/recipient gender combination and CMV serostatus had a significant impact on survival and may be taken into account, along with donor type, in the setting of MMUD and UCB transplants. Am. J. Hematol. 90:897–903, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asbestos textile production linked to malignant peritoneal and pleural mesothelioma in women: Analysis of 28 cases in Southeast China
Authors: Gao Zhibin , Hiroshima Kenzo , Wu Xiaodong , Zhang Jixian , Shao Dichu , Shao Huajiang , Yang Hanqing , Yusa Toshikazu , Kiyokawa Takako , Kobayashi Makio , Shinohara Yasushi , Røe Oluf D. , Zhang Xing , Morinaga Kenji
Published: July 2015

Background

Chrysotile had been used in asbestos textile workshops in Southeast China but a clear relation to mesothelioma is lacking.

Methods

All patients diagnosed with mesothelioma from 2003 to 2010 at Yuyao People's Hospital were re‐evaluated by multiple expert pathologists with immunohistochemistry and asbestos exposure data were collected.

Results

Of 43 patients with a mesothelioma diagnosis, 19 peritoneal and nine pleural cases were finally diagnosed as mesothelioma. All were females, and the mean age of the patients with peritoneal or pleural mesothelioma was 52.4 and 58.2 years, respectively. All these cases had a history of domestic or occupational exposure to chrysotile. Two‐thirds of the patients were from two adjoining towns with multiple small asbestos textile workshops. Contamination of tremolite was estimated to be less than 0.3%.

Conclusions

This is a report of mesothelioma in women exposed to chrysotile asbestos at home and at work, with an over‐representation of peritoneal mesothelioma. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:1040–1049, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors affecting high school teacher adoption, sustainability, and fidelity to the “Youth@Work: Talking Safety” curriculum
Authors: Rauscher Kimberly J. , Casteel Carri , Bush Diane , Myers Douglas J.
Published: July 2015

Background

Our objective was to identify individual‐ and organizational‐level factors that affect high school teacher adoption, sustainability, and fidelity to the occupational safety and health curriculum, “Youth@Work: Talking Safety.”

Methods

We analyzed survey data collected from 104 high school teachers across the US who were trained in the curriculum since 2004. Linear and Cox regression were used to examine bivariate associations between individual and organizational‐level factors and the outcomes of interest.

Results

Except for perceived complexity, all individual‐level factors (acceptance, enthusiasm, teaching methods fit, and self‐efficacy) were associated with one or more outcomes of interest (P‐values ranged from <0.001 to 0.031). Priority for non‐academic courses (P = 0.035) and supportive organizational climate (P = 0.037) were the organizational‐level factors associated with sustainability and number of lessons delivered, respectively.

Conclusions

Consistent with the literature, individual‐level factors influenced teacher adoption and, to a lesser extent, sustainability, and fidelity to the Youth@Work: Talking Safety curriculum and should be considered in attempts to promote the curriculum's use in high schools. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:1288–1299, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oxygen isotope ratios in primate bone carbonate reflect amount of leaves and vertical stratification in the diet
Authors: Carter Melinda L. , Bradbury Michael W.
Published: July 2015

The stable isotopic biogeochemistry of free‐ranging primates is a unique tool to assess dietary and ecological adaptions among sympatric populations. The present study tested the hypothesis that oxygen isotopes in the bone carbonate of five primate and four ungulate species that live in Kibale National Park, Uganda, would show minimal variability since the species obtain water from a single water source. Bones were analyzed for stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope ratios. Results for apatite δ13C are consistent with all species feeding in a closed forest habitat and do not exhibit niche partitioning. δ18O values, in contrast, cluster by species and correlate positively with the relative contribution of leaves to the whole diet are likely also modified by vertical niche partitioning between taxa within the forest canopy. These results show that biochemical markers from naturally deceased primate remains can aid our understanding of how living animals exploit available resources. Am. J. Primatol. 78:1086–1097, 2016 © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Degree of terrestrial activity of the elusive sun‐tailed monkey (Cercopithecus solatus) in Gabon: Comparative study of behavior and postcranial morphometric data
Authors: Motsch Peggy , Le Flohic Guillaume , Dilger Carole , Delahaye Alexia , Chateau‐Smith Carmela , Couette Sebastien
Published: July 2015

We carried out a multidisciplinary study linking behavioral and morphological data from a little‐known guenon species, Cercopithecus solatus, endemic to Gabon. Over a period of 9 months, we documented the pattern of stratum use associated with postural and locomotor behavior by direct observation (650 hrs) of a semi‐free‐ranging breeding colony. We also conducted a morphometric analysis of the humerus and limb proportions of 90 adult specimens from 16 guenon species, including C. solatus. Field observations indicated that C. solatus monkeys spent a third of their time on the ground, similar to semi‐terrestrial guenon species. We detected two patterns of stratum use: at ground level, and in trees, at a height of 3–10 m. The monkeys spent more time on the ground during the dry season than the wet season, feeding mainly at ground level, while resting, and social behaviors occurred more frequently in the tree strata. Our study of humerus size and shape, together with the analysis of limb proportions, indicated morphofunctional adaptation of C. solatus to greater terrestriality than previously thought. We therefore characterize C. solatus as a semi‐terrestrial guenon, and propose a new hypothesis for the ancestral condition. By combining behavioral and morphological results, we provide new information about the adaptive strategies of the species, and the evolutionary history of guenons, thus contributing to the conservation of the sun‐tailed monkey in the wild. Am. J. Primatol. 77:1060–1074, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Getting to Yes … or No: Dispute Resolution that Really Resolves Disputes
Authors: Hirsh Merril
Published: July 2015

Show of hands: How many people reading this are old enough to remember when civil litigation actually resolved disputes?
Irrelevance of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in the Methanol Oxidation Reaction on a PtRu Electrocatalyst
Authors: Chen De‐Jun , Tong YuYe J.
Published: July 2015

Based on detailed in situ attenuated total‐reflection–surface‐enhanced IR reflection absorption spectroscopy (ATR‐SEIRAS) studies of the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) on Ru/Pt thin film and commercial Johnson–Matthey PtRu/C, a revised MOR enhancement mechanism is proposed in which CO on Pt sites is irrelevant but instead Pt‐Ru boundary sites catalyze the oxygen insertion reaction that leads to the formation of formate and enhances the direct reaction pathway.
From Silylone to an Isolable Monomeric Silicon Disulfide Complex
Authors: Xiong Yun , Yao Shenglai , Müller Robert , Kaupp Martin , Driess Matthias
Published: July 2015

The synthesis and characterization of the first bis‐N‐heterocyclic carbene stabilized monomeric silicon disulfide (bis‐NHC)SiS2 2 (bis‐NHC=H2C[{NC(H)C(H)N(Dipp)}C:]2, Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) is reported. Compound 2 is prepared in 89 % yield from the reaction of the zero‐valent silicon complex (′silylone′) 1 [(bis‐NHC)Si] with elemental sulfur. Compound 2 can react with GaCl3 in acetonitrile to give the corresponding (bis‐NHC)Si(S)S→GaCl3 Lewis acid–base adduct 3 in 91 % yield. Compound 3 is also accessible through the reaction of the unprecedented silylone‐GaCl3 adduct [(bis‐NHC)Si→GaCl3] 4 with elemental sulfur. Compounds 2, 3, and 4 could be isolated and characterized by elemental analyses, HR‐MS, IR, 13C‐ and 29Si‐NMR spectroscopy. The structures of 3 and 4 could be determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. DFT‐derived bonding analyses of 2 and 3 exhibited highly polar SiS bonds with moderate pπ–pπ bonding character.
Decarboxylative Alkynylation and Carbonylative Alkynylation of Carboxylic Acids Enabled by Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Zhou Quan‐Quan , Guo Wei , Ding Wei , Wu Xiong , Chen Xi , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: July 2015

Visible‐light‐induced photocatalytic decarboxylative alkynylations of carboxylic acids have been developed for the first time. The reaction features extremely mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and avoids additional oxidants. Importantly, a decarboxylative carbonylative alkynylation has also been carried out in the presence of carbon monoxide (CO) under photocatalytic conditions, which affords valuable ynones in high yields at room temperature.
Multiply Confined Nickel Nanocatalysts Produced by Atomic Layer Deposition for Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Gao Zhe , Dong Mei , Wang Guizhen , Sheng Pei , Wu Zhiwei , Yang Huimin , Zhang Bin , Wang Guofu , Wang Jianguo , Qin Yong
Published: July 2015

To design highly efficient catalysts, new concepts for optimizing the metal–support interactions are desirable. Here we introduce a facile and general template approach assisted by atomic layer deposition (ALD), to fabricate a multiply confined Ni‐based nanocatalyst. The Ni nanoparticles are not only confined in Al2O3 nanotubes, but also embedded in the cavities of Al2O3 interior wall. The cavities create more Ni–Al2O3 interfacial sites, which facilitate hydrogenation reactions. The nanotubes inhibit the leaching and detachment of Ni nanoparticles. Compared with the Ni‐based catalyst supported on the outer surface of Al2O3 nanotubes, the multiply confined catalyst shows a striking improvement of catalytic activity and stability in hydrogenation reactions. Our ALD‐assisted template method is general and can be extended for other multiply confined nanoreactors, which may have potential applications in many heterogeneous reactions.
Covalently Binding Atomically Designed Au9 Clusters to Chemically Modified Graphene
Authors: Bosch‐Navarro Concha , Laker Zachary P. L. , Thomas Helen R. , Marsden Alexander J. , Sloan Jeremy , Wilson Neil R. , Rourke Jonathan P.
Published: July 2015

Atomic‐resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to identify individual Au9 clusters on a sulfur‐functionalized graphene surface. The clusters were preformed in solution and covalently attached to the surface without any dispersion or aggregation. Comparison of the experimental images with simulations allowed the rotational motion, without lateral displacement, of individual clusters to be discerned, thereby demonstrating a robust covalent attachment of intact clusters to the graphene surface.
Assembly of homoallylamine derivatives through iron‐catalyzed three‐component sulfonamidoallylation reaction
Authors: Fan Xiaohui , Zhu Hong‐Bo , Lv Hao , Guo Kun , Guan Yong‐Hong , Cui Xiao‐Meng , An Bin , Pu Yan‐Ling
Published: July 2015

An efficient FeCl3‐catalyzed three‐component reaction between aldehydes, sulfonamides and allylsilanes has been achieved, which provides a convenient, atom‐economic and green way to construct homoallylamine derivatives. In addition, this reaction exhibits excellent syn stereoselectivity with γ‐substituted allylsilanes.
Sparse canonical correlation analysis from a predictive point of view
Authors: Wilms Ines , Croux Christophe
Published: July 2015

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) describes the associations between two sets of variables by maximizing the correlation between linear combinations of the variables in each dataset. However, in high‐dimensional settings where the number of variables exceeds the sample size or when the variables are highly correlated, traditional CCA is no longer appropriate. This paper proposes a method for sparse CCA. Sparse estimation produces linear combinations of only a subset of variables from each dataset, thereby increasing the interpretability of the canonical variates. We consider the CCA problem from a predictive point of view and recast it into a regression framework. By combining an alternating regression approach together with a lasso penalty, we induce sparsity in the canonical vectors. We compare the performance with other sparse CCA techniques in different simulation settings and illustrate its usefulness on a genomic dataset.
A flexible, preclinical, medical school curriculum increases student academic productivity and the desire to conduct future research
Authors: Peacock Justin G. , Grande Joseph P.
Published: July 2015

In 2006, small blocks of flexible curriculum time, termed selectives, were implemented in the Mayo Medical School preclinical curriculum. Selectives permitted students to pursue professional endeavors, such as research, service, and career exploration, in the preclinical years. The purpose of this study was to survey current and former Mayo medical students regarding the impact of selectives on their research interest and productivity. The authors surveyed 377 current and former Mayo Medical School students from the 2004 to 2014 graduating classes, 154 participants (41% response rate) responded to the survey. The classes were grouped into pre‐ and postselective groups for the comparison studies. Postselective students published significantly more (p = 0.003) and gave significantly more presentations (p = 0.0007) during medical school than preselective students. Thirty‐four (72% of the postselective respondents) indicated that selectives had a strong or very strong impact on their current research interest. Respondents spent an average of 4.0 [3.0–5.0] weeks of Selective time on research, resulting in 1.8 [1.4–2.2] publications and 1.8 [1.4–2.2] presentations, which represented 52.5% [40.0–65.0%] and 47.3% [37.1–57.4%] of the students’ total medical school publications and presentations, respectively. Flexible selective time during the preclinical years results in significantly more medical student academic productivity. © 2015 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43(5):384–390, 2015.
Meniscal extrusion or subchondral damage characterize incident accelerated osteoarthritis: Data from the osteoarthritis initiative
Authors: Driban Jeffrey B. , Ward Robert J. , Eaton Charles B. , Lo Grace H. , Price Lori Lyn , Lu Bing , McAlindon Timothy E.
Published: July 2015

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is typically a slowly progressive disorder; however, a subset of knees progress with dramatic rapidity. We aimed to describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings that are associated with accelerated KOA. We conducted a longitudinal descriptive study in the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort. We selected participants who had no radiographic KOA at baseline with one of the following in the most severe knee: (1) accelerated KOA (progressed to end‐stage KOA within 48 months), (2) common KOA, and (3) no KOA at all visits. We enriched the sample by selecting knees with a self‐reported or suspected knee injury. A musculoskeletal radiologist blinded to group assignments but not to time sequence performed MRI readings for the visit before and after an injury. We assessed 38 participants (knees), 66% were female, mean age 61 (9) years, and mean body mass index 28.5 (4.9) kg/m2. Fifteen of 20 knees with no or common KOA, had no incident findings consistent with acute damage. Among the 18 knees with accelerated KOA most had incident findings: 13 (72%) had incident medial meniscal pathology with extrusion and 5 (28%) knees had subchondral damage. Incident MRI findings that are associated with incident accelerated KOA are characterized by structural damage that compromises subchondral bone or the function of the meniscus. Recognizing meniscal extrusion and/or change in shape, lateral meniscal tear, or acute subchondral damage may be vital for identifying individuals at risk for accelerated KOA. Clin. Anat. 28:792–799, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterizing Graphitic Carbon with X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: A Step‐by‐Step Approach
Authors: Blume Raoul , Rosenthal Dirk , Tessonnier Jean‐Philippe , Li Henan , Knop‐Gericke Axel , Schlögl Robert
Published: July 2015

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a widely used technique for characterizing the chemical and electronic properties of highly ordered carbon nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. However, the analysis of XPS data—in particular the C 1s region—can be complex, impeding a straightforward evaluation of the data. In this work, an overview of extrinsic and intrinsic effects that influence the C 1s XPS spectra—for example, photon broadening or carbon–catalyst interaction—of various graphitic samples is presented. Controlled manipulation of such samples is performed by annealing, sputtering, and oxygen functionalization to identify different CC bonding states and assess the impact of the manipulations on spectral line shapes and their binding energy positions. With high‐resolution XPS and XPS depth profiling, the spectral components arising from disordered carbon and surface‐defect states can be distinguished from aromatic sp2 carbon. These findings illustrate that both spectral line shapes and binding energy components must be considered in the analysis of potentially defective surfaces of carbon materials. The sp2 peak, characteristic of aromatic carbon, features a strong asymmetry that changes with the curvature of the sample surface and, thus, cannot be neglected in spectral analysis. The applied deconvolution strategy may provide a simple guideline to obtaining high‐quality fits to experimental data on the basis of a careful evaluation of experimental conditions, sample properties, and the limits of the fit procedure.
Li+‐Ion Extraction/Insertion of Ni‐Rich Li1+x(NiyCozMnz)wO2 (0.005<x<0.03; y:z=8:1, w≈1) Electrodes: In Situ XRD and Raman Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Ghanty Chandan , Markovsky Boris , Erickson Evan M. , Talianker Michael , Haik Ortal , Tal‐Yossef Yosef , Mor Albert , Aurbach Doron , Lampert Jordan , Volkov Aleksei , Shin Ji‐Yong , Garsuch Arnd , Chesneau Frederick Francois , Erk Christoph
Published: July 2015

We present the results of our in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy measurements for the first Li‐ion extraction/insertion (charge/discharge) processes of nickel‐rich Li1+x(NiyCozMnz)wO2 (0.005<x<0.03; y:z=8:1, w is nearly 1) electrodes in Li cells. These cells were of a special design that provide in situ (at‐work) measurements during electrochemical polarization and can be used for regular cycling tests of practical Li‐battery electrodes. By using XRD measurements, it was established that, upon Li+ extraction, these cathode materials demonstrate structural transformations of the hexagonal phase (space group R‐3m) H1 to another hexagonal phase H2 (with a lower Li‐ion content in the lattice) and to domains comprising both of these two phases, coexisting at potentials E≈4.2–4.3 V. The above phases differ by the a and c lattice constants, which is in agreement with literature results. Evolution of the lattice constants with the electrode potential upon charge/discharge is shown to be in correlation with the differential capacity dQ/dE versus E plots and with some Raman parameters calculated from complementary in situ studies of these cathode materials by Raman spectroscopy.