bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Fourth‐wall breakiness or whatevs”: Presumed self‐awareness in American superhero comics
Authors: Bausela Buccianti Lucía
Published: October 2023

Studies on reflexivity in the field of comics studies have been scarce and, more often than not, disconnected from each other, which has resulted in overlapping, and sometimes even contradicting, classifications of reflexive devices. Therefore, this article analyzes different instances of self‐awareness in American superhero comics, as it has become quite a popular feature in recent years. In order to systematize the corpus of American comics which feature self‐aware characters, Pardo's theoretical model of reflexivity results highly advantageous due to the fact that its transmedia categories provide a useful framework to explore those elements which are particular to comics narration, such as panels, speech balloons, splash pages, and more of the like. At the same time, this theoretical model connects comics' self‐consciousness to the larger storytelling tradition of Western culture—after all, some of the most important studies on reflexivity stem from literary and film studies, from scholars such as Alter, Hutcheon, Waugh, and Stam, to mention a few. This article, then, provides a theoretical review of key definitions from the field of reflexivity before applying said categories to a corpus of American superhero comics which includes titles such as The Unbeatable Squirrel Girl, Black Hammer, and Empowered, as well as some Bat‐Mite strips and a few Deadpool and Harley Quinn issues. The analysis mainly focuses on the diegetic disruptions that self‐aware characters trigger in comics—particularly considering the formal elements of the medium—to prove that reflexivity, despite having been deemed as a tool to tackle serious existential and ontological issues in canonical works, operates as a bridge which brings readers as close as possible to the fictional realities in their favorite superhero comics.
The size of the fight in the girl: Violent girlhood in Ms. Marvel
Authors: Fabricius Charlotte Johanne
Published: October 2023

The rise of girl protagonists in superhero comics creates a dilemma, since violent girlhood is surrounded by cultural anxieties, yet super‐girls are expected to engage in violence. One of the most popular super‐girls of this century, Ms. Marvel/Kamala Khan, embodies this ambivalence in the fraught intersection of girlhood, racialization, and physical violence. This article investigates the affective economies and haptic line work of the Ms. Marvel series with the aim of discussing the visual strategies used to explore violent girlhood: pauses, lines of orientation, color work, and cuteness as a visual mood.
Associations of baseline obstructive sleep apnea and sleep macroarchitecture with cognitive function after 8 years in middle‐aged and older men from a community‐based cohort study
Authors: Parker Jesse L. , Vakulin Andrew , Naik Ganesh , Melaku Yohannes Adama , Stevens David , Wittert Gary A. , Martin Sean A. , Catcheside Peter G. , Toson Barbara , Appleton Sarah L. , Adams Robert J.
Published: October 2023

Previous prospective studies examining associations of obstructive sleep apnea and sleep macroarchitecture with future cognitive function recruited older participants, many demonstrating baseline cognitive impairment. This study examined obstructive sleep apnea and sleep macroarchitecture predictors of visual attention, processing speed, and executive function after 8 years among younger community‐dwelling men. Florey Adelaide Male Ageing Study participants (n = 477) underwent home‐based polysomnography, with 157 completing Trail‐Making Tests A and B and the Mini‐Mental State Examination. Associations of obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index, and hypoxic burden index) and sleep macroarchitecture (sleep stage percentages and total sleep time) parameters with future cognitive function were examined using regression models adjusted for baseline demographic, biomedical, and behavioural factors, and cognitive task performance. The mean (standard deviation) age of the men at baseline was 58.9 (8.9) years, with severe obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index ≥30 events/h) in 9.6%. The median (interquartile range) follow‐up was 8.3 (7.9–8.6) years. A minority of men (14.6%) were cognitively impaired at baseline (Mini‐Mental State Examination score <28/30). A higher percentage of light sleep was associated with better Trail‐Making Test A performance (B = −0.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.06, −0.01; p = 0.003), whereas higher mean oxygen saturation was associated with worse performance (B = 0.11, 95% CI 0.02, 0.19; p = 0.012). While obstructive sleep apnea and sleep macroarchitecture might predict cognitive decline, future studies should consider arousal events and non‐routine hypoxaemia measures, which may show associations with cognitive decline.
A derived weedy rice × ancestral cultivar cross identifies evolutionarily relevant weediness QTLs
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhang Shulin , Lowey Daniel , Hissam Carter , Clevenger Josh , Perera Sherin , Jia Yulin , Caicedo Ana L.
Published: October 2023

Weedy rice (Oryza spp.) is a weedy relative of the cultivated rice that competes with the crop and causes significant production loss. The BHA (blackhull awned) US weedy rice group has evolved from aus cultivated rice and differs from its ancestors in several important weediness traits, including flowering time, plant height and seed shattering. Prior attempts to determine the genetic basis of weediness traits in plants using linkage mapping approaches have not often considered weed origins. However, the timing of divergence between crossed parents can affect the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) relevant to the evolution of weediness. Here, we used a QTL‐seq approach that combines bulked segregant analysis and high‐throughput whole genome resequencing to map the three important weediness traits in an F2 population derived from a cross between BHA weedy rice with an ancestral aus cultivar. We compared these QTLs with those previously detected in a cross of BHA with a more distantly related crop, indica. We identified multiple QTLs that overlapped with regions under selection during the evolution of weedy BHA rice and some candidate genes possibly underlying the evolution weediness traits in BHA. We showed that QTLs detected with ancestor–descendant crosses are more likely to be involved in the evolution of weediness traits than those detected from crosses of more diverged taxa.
To be or not to be fragrant: floral scent of some bat‐pollinated cacti
Authors: Albuquerque‐Lima S. , Milet‐Pinheiro P. , Navarro D. M. A. F. , Taylor N. P. , Zappi D. C. , Machado I. C.
Published: October 2023

Floral scent is a key olfactory cue in both diurnal and nocturnal pollination systems. In the case of nocturnal systems, such as bat‐pollinated flowers, odour seems to play a more important role than visual cues. Cactaceae include many bat‐pollinated species; however, few studies have investigated the olfactory cues in this family.

We analysed and compared the chemical composition of the floral bouquet of three chiropterophilous cactus species, among which are a pair of congeners that differ considerably in scent intensity.

Our research presents novel findings regarding the floral scent chemistry of chiropterophilous cactus species. We documented the first case of a bat‐pollinated cactus whose flowers lack perceptible floral scent and in which no volatile compounds were detected in our chemical analyses. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition of the floral bouquet of the other two bat‐pollinated species, revealing a resemblance among closely related species within the same genus.

We highlight the need for further studies using biotests to investigate the mechanisms through which bats find flowers lacking scent.
Parasitical elitism in a sectarianized political system with a rentier economy: The power and practice of the Iraqi political elite after 2003
Authors: Al‐Aloosy Massaab
Published: October 2023

This article theorizes the role of the elite in a sectarianized political system with a rentier economy. It argues that by virtue of the sectarian and ethnic representation of the sub‐identities, the long‐term interests of society are neglected. The reliance on natural resources creates a competition within the elite to seize the state's revenue for narrow interests. Finally, in such a setting, the elite attempts the monopolization of the flow of information to the public to shore up its legitimacy. The case study is Iraq since it is one of the few, if not the sole, sectarianized political system with a rentier economy. The political elite, despite an abysmal performance for nearly two decades, has been resilient and garnered more power. The continuous malpractice encompasses all the political players who agree on the governing rules by which they maintain their position within the system, and with limited circulation of the elite.

Related Articles

Ali, Hamid E., and Shahjahan Bhuiyan. 2022. “Governance, Natural Resources Rent, and Infrastructure Development: Evidence from the Middle East and North Africa.” Politics & Policy 50(2): 408–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12451.

Howie, Peter. 2018. “Policy Transfer and Diversification in Resource‐Dependent Economies: Lessons for Kazakhstan from Alberta.” Politics & Policy 46(1): 110–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12239.

Khodr, Hiba. 2014. “A Preliminary Comparative Study of Policy Making in Two GCC Countries—Qatar and Kuwait: Processes, Politics, and Participants.” Politics & Policy 42(2): 271–310. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12068.
Drought‐induced fiber water release and xylem embolism susceptibility of intact balsam poplar saplings
Authors: Chu Cheyenne , Momayyezi Mina , Stobbs Jarvis A. , Soolanayakanahally Raju Y. , McElrone Andrew J. , Knipfer Thorsten
Published: October 2023

Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) is a widespread tree species in North America with significant ecological and economic value. However, little is known about the susceptibility of saplings to drought‐induced embolism and its link to water release from surrounding xylem fibers. Questions remain regarding localized mechanisms that contribute to the survival of saplings in vivo of this species under drought. Using X‐ray micro‐computed tomography on intact saplings of genotypes Gillam‐5 and Carnduff‐9, we found that functional vessels are embedded in a matrix of water‐filled fibers under well‐watered conditions in both genotypes. However, water‐depleted fibers started to appear under moderate drought stress while vessels remained water‐filled in both genotypes. Drought‐induced xylem embolism susceptibility was comparable between genotypes, and a greater frequency of smaller diameter vessels in GIL‐5 did not increase embolism resistance in this genotype. Despite having smaller vessels and a total vessel number that was comparable to CAR‐9, stomatal conductance was generally higher in GIL‐5 compared to CAR‐9. In conclusion, our in vivo data on intact saplings indicate that differences in embolism susceptibility are negligible between GIL‐5 and CAR‐9, and that fiber water release should be considered as a mechanism that contributes to the maintenance of vessel functional status in saplings of balsam poplar experiencing their first drought event.
Volatilome and proteome responses to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum infection in a moderately resistant and a susceptible bean genotype
Authors: Monti Maurilia M. , Mancini Ilaria , Gualtieri Liberata , Domingo Guido , Beccaccioli Marzia , Bossa Rosanna , Bracale Marcella , Loreto Francesco , Ruocco Michelina
Published: October 2023

We analyzed the changes in the volatilome, proteome, stomatal conductance, salicylic and jasmonic acid contents of a susceptible and a moderately resistant genotype of common bean, Phaseoulus vulgaris L., challenged with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causal agent of fungal anthracnose. Our results indicate differences at both proteome and volatilome levels between the two genotypes, before and after the infection, and different defense strategies. The moderately resistant genotype hindered pathogen infection, invasion, and replication mainly by maintaining epidermal and cell wall structure. The susceptible genotype was not able to limit the early stages of pathogen infection. Rather, stomatal conductance increased in the infected susceptible genotype, and enhanced synthesis of Green Leaf Volatiles and salicylic acid was observed, together with a strong hypersensitive response. Proteomic investigation provided a general framework for physiological changes, whereas observed variations in the volatilome suggested that volatile organic compounds may principally represent stress markers rather than defensive compounds per se.
Exploring the interplay between memory effects and vesicle dynamics: A five‐dimensional analysis using rigid sphere models and mapping techniques
Authors: Azroul E. , Diki G. , Guedda M.
Published: October 2023

The memory effect in vesicle dynamics refers to the persistence of shape changes in lipid vesicles, a type of lipid bilayer membrane that mimics some features of real cells, particularly red blood cells (RBCs). To study this effect, a fractional rigid sphere model in five dimensions has been investigated, which maps the dynamics of a vesicle using the Caputo operator. This model provides new insights into the mechanisms behind the memory effect as well as the emergence of two other motions, namely, tank‐treading with underdamped and tank‐treading with overdamped vesicle oscillations, in addition to the tank‐treading mode where the vesicle rotates about its axis while maintaining a constant shape. Overall, this work represents a significant advance in our understanding of vesicle dynamics and has important implications for understanding the behavior of RBCs.
Design of an Improved Modular Multilevel Converter Reconfigurable Equalization Scheme Based on Difference of Voltage Variation
Authors: Liao Li , Hu Xuantong , Li Hongguang , Sun Shu , Jiang Jiuchun
Published: October 2023

In order to solve the problem of lower available capacity and shorter cycle life due to the barrel effect of series-connected batteries, as well as the problem of pseudo-equalization caused by battery aging, this paper proposes a modified modular multilevel converter (MMC) reconfigurable equalization scheme with difference of voltage variation (DOVV) as the equalization variable. The equalization topology consists of an MMC circuit and a voltage regulator, which effectively solves the problems of low total available capacity, inefficient energy transfer, and slow equalization by reducing the number of switches and achieving independent control of the equalization and voltage regulator modules. A control strategy based on the Oxford aging dataset is proposed with DOVV as the equalization variable, and a fuzzy logic control algorithm is introduced according to the distribution characteristics of DOVV data. This equalization control strategy overcomes the pseudo-equalization phenomenon due to battery aging. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional DC–DC energy transfer equalization topology, the energy transfer efficiency of the proposed equalization topology is improved by 62.15% and the equalization time is reduced by about 16.36%, and the pseudo-equalization phenomenon caused by the aging of the battery pack during the equalization process is well overcome. The feasibility of the proposed equalization scheme is verified.
Dynamic Analysis of Three Alternative Mooring Systems for a Semi-Submersible Wind Turbine in Intermediate Water Depth
Authors: Cao Qun , Cheng Zhengshun , Xiao Longfei , Liu Mingyue
Published: October 2023

Three forms of the mooring system in 60 m water depth are proposed for semi-submersible with partially inclined columns (SPIC) concept floating wind turbine (FWT). One is a simple form with only catenary lines, and the other two are hybrid forms including clump weights. The clumps are attached to the suspended section for Hybrid form1 and the bottom section for Hybrid form2. Hybrid form2 achieves the smallest line length and chain weight. Three alternative proposals can be evaluated through mooring line characteristics, dynamic responses, utilization factors, and simple cost analysis. Hybrid form2 allows for smallest pretension, and largest stiffness and nonlinearity only at large offsets. Under operational conditions, the mean surge for Hybrid form1 and Hybrid form2 is similar, but the fairlead tension is significantly smaller for Hybrid form2. Under the survival condition, the clumps of Hybrid form2 are lifted up and put down, leading to small mean offsets of FWT but large wave-frequency components of line tension. Among the three forms of the mooring system, the Hybrid form2 can limit the FWT to the smallest offset range while also controlling the mean mooring line tension to a level similar to the other two forms. Under normal working conditions and accidental conditions with single line broken, the maximal surge motions of FWT under the restraint of three mooring systems all meet the design requirements. The mooring line strength of the three mooring systems meets the requirements in ultimate limit state (ULS) and accidental limit state (ALS) analyses. Among them, the utilization coefficient of Hybrid form2 is closest to 1, demonstrating its best economic performance.
The Equivalent Mechanical Model of Topological Graphs and the Isomorphism Identification of Kinematic Chains
Authors: Pan Wuxing , Li Ruiqin
Published: October 2023

In type synthesis of mechanisms, isomorphic identification of kinematic chains is a key issue, which has been studied for many years. In this paper, a new topological invariant, a character array of edge is constructed based on a novel model called an equivalent mechanical model. This invariant is used as a necessary condition for recognizing the edges of two topological graphs. On this basis, a method of constructing mapping by closed loop is proposed. The constructed mapping is used as the adequacy of identification so as to accurately identify the isomorphism of two graphs. This method is sufficient and necessary, which has been successfully tested in the 10-vertex, 12-vertex, 15-vertex, 28-vertex topological graphs. This method is limited to planar mechanisms that consist of revolute joints.
Safe Trajectory Generation for Wheel-Leg Hybrid Mechanism Using Discrete Mechanics and Optimal Control
Authors: Li Yiqun , Gao Jiahui , Chen Kai , Chen Wei , Yin Zhouping
Published: October 2023

The wheel-legged robot inherits the merit of both the wheeled robot and the legged robot, which can not only adapt to the complex terrain but also maintain the driving efficiency on the flat road. This article presents an optimization-based approach that leverage ideas from computational geometric mechanics to generate safe and high-quality wheel-leg hybrid motions among obstacles. The formulation of the proposed motion optimization problem incorporates the Lagrange–d’Alembert principle as the robot’s dynamic constraints and an efficient closed-form formulation of collision-free constraints. By discretizing the variational mechanics principle directly, rather than its corresponding forced Euler–Lagrange equation, the continuous trajectory optimization problem is transformed into a nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. Numerical simulations and several real-world experiments are conducted on a wheel-legged robot to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed trajectory generation approach.
A Mirrored Approach to Generate Spatial Deployable Assemblies Using Tripod-Scissor Units
Authors: Liao Yuan , Krishnan Sudarshan
Published: October 2023

A tripod-scissor unit, unlike planar scissor pairs, consists of three rods connected at an intermediate joint thus forming a spatially transformable unit. Geometrically, a tripod-scissor unit is axisymmetric but does not possess reflectional symmetry. This paper proposes a mirrored assembly approach wherein two units are connected symmetrically about the mirroring plane. The assembly approach results in different geometric conditions and motion characteristics. Two types of four-unit deployable blocks were made—one out of straight and the other of angulated members. Design equations were developed to study the influence of member geometry and assembly method on the structure’s form and transformation. Digital models helped to validate the analytical results and to simulate the motion of the structures. More sample structures are presented to demonstrate the assembly of multiple units using the mirrored approach. The analysis shows that the mirrored assembly tripod-scissors result in a new generation of mechanisms with different transformation characteristics. Closed polyhedral forms with a high expansion ratio are possible.
Computational Aeroacoustics for a Cold, Non-Ideally Expanded Aerospike Nozzle
Authors: Golliard Thomas , Mihaescu Mihai
Published: October 2023

In supersonic aerospace applications, aerospike nozzles have been subject of growing interest. This study sheds light on the noise components of a cold jet exhausting an aerospike nozzle. Implicit large eddy simulations (ILES) are deployed to simulate the jet at a nozzle pressure ratio (NPR)=3. For far-field acoustic computation, the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FWH) equation is applied. A mesh sensitivity study is performed and the jet instantaneous and time-averaged flow characteristics are analyzed. The annular shock structure displays short non-attached shock-cells and longer attached shock-cells. Downstream of the aerospike, a circular shock-cell structure is formed with long shock-cells. Two-point cross-correlations of data acquired at monitoring points located along the shear layers allow to identify upstream propagating waves associated to screech. Power spectral density at monitoring points in the annular shock-cell structure allows to identify its radial oscillation modes. Furthermore, a vortex sheet model is adapted to predict the annular shock-cells length and the BBSAN central frequency. High sound pressure levels (SPL) are detected at the determined BBSAN central frequencies. Finally, high SPL are obtained at the radial oscillation frequencies for the annular shock-cell structure.
Time-Averaged Aerodynamics of a High-Speed Low-Pressure Turbine Cascade With Cavity Purge and Unsteady Wakes
Authors: Lopes G. , Simonassi L. , Lavagnoli S.
Published: October 2023

The time-averaged aerodynamics of a high-speed low-pressure turbine (LPT) cascade were investigated under the impact of unsteady wakes and purge flows. The tests were performed at an outlet Mach (M) and Reynolds numbers (Re) of 0.90 and 70 k, respectively. Unsteady wakes were simulated by means of a spoked-wheel type wake generator (WG), and a reduced frequency of 0.95 was achieved. The development of a purge flow system to operate at low-pressure levels is presented alongside guidelines for the operation of the circuit. The new purge system was commissioned in terms of its long-term stability and flow uniformity at the cascade inlet. The impact of varying purge flows from a cavity versus a flat endwall was assessed by means of static pressure measurements on the blade pressure side (PS) and suction side (SS) and traverses performed downstream with a miniaturized multi-hole probe. Differences in the secondary flow structures resultant from injecting purge flow into the flowfield are observed, namely, the intensification of the trailing shed vortex (TSV) and passage vortex (PV) that is also displaced away from the endwall. An increase of the endwall losses occurs as the flat endwall was replaced with a cavity geometry and the cavity purge flowrate increases.
Statistical characteristics of under-ice noise on the Arctic Chukchi Plateau
Authors: Mo Xuejing , Wen Hongtao , Yang Yanming , Zhou Hongtao , Ruan Hailin
Published: October 2023

In the context of global warming leading to rapidly changing Arctic sea ice and the environment, it is necessary to understand the statistical characteristics of noise under existing Arctic ocean environmental conditions. The data recorded from August 1, 2018 to November 2, 2019, on the Arctic Chukchi Plateau, have been studied to analyze the relationship between the ice transient events and the non-Gaussian statistics of under-ice noise. The ice-generated transient noise largely contributes to the under-ice noise environment, and the total under-ice noise exhibits non-Gaussian statistics due to the occurrence of these ice transients. The number of ice transients has a strong negative correlation with the characteristic index α, meaning that the higher the occurrence of transient events, the stronger the non-Gaussian statistics of under-ice noise. Stronger non-Gaussian noise with full ice coverage is observed compared to partial ice coverage. The under-ice noise in 0.5–1 kHz exhibits the strongest non-Gaussian statistics, followed by 1–4 kHz, while it is weakest in 20–500 Hz. The statistics of ice transients and under-ice noise have been provided in this paper, which can be used in sonar detection algorithms and have important significance for the performance prediction and optimization of sonar processors.
Array configuration-agnostic personalized speech enhancement using long-short-term spatial coherence
Authors: Hsu Yicheng , Lee Yonghan , Bai Mingsian R.
Published: October 2023

Personalized speech enhancement (PSE) has been a field of active research for suppression of speech-like interferers, such as competing speakers or television (TV) dialogue. Compared with single-channel approaches, multichannel PSE systems can be more effective in adverse acoustic conditions by leveraging the spatial information in microphone signals. However, the implementation of multichannel PSEs to accommodate a wide range of array topology in household applications can be challenging. To develop an array configuration-agnostic PSE system, we define a spatial feature termed the long-short-term spatial coherence (LSTSC) with a dynamic forgetting factor as the input feature to a convolutional recurrent network to monitor the spatial activity of the target speaker. As another refinement, an equivalent rectangular bandwidth-scaled LSTSC feature can be used to reduce the computational cost. Experiments were conducted to compare the proposed PSE systems, including the complete and the simplified versions with four baselines using unseen room responses and array configurations (geometry and channel count) in the presence of TV noise and competing speakers. The results demonstrated that the proposed multichannel PSE network trained with the LSTSC feature with a dynamic forgetting factor achieves superior enhancement performance without precise knowledge of the array configurations and room responses.
A composite electrodynamic mechanism to reconcile spatiotemporally resolved exciton transport in quantum dot superlattices
Authors: Yuan Rongfeng , Roberts Trevor D. , Brinn Rafaela M. , Choi Alexander A. , Park Ha H. , Yan Chang , Ondry Justin C. , Khorasani Siamak , Masiello David J. , Xu Ke , Alivisatos A. Paul , Ginsberg Naomi S.
Published: October 2023

Quantum dot (QD) solids are promising optoelectronic materials; further advancing their device functionality requires understanding their energy transport mechanisms. The commonly invoked near-field Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) theory often underestimates the exciton hopping rate in QD solids, yet no consensus exists on the underlying cause. In response, we use time-resolved ultrafast stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, an ultrafast transformation of STED to spatiotemporally resolve exciton diffusion in tellurium-doped cadmium selenide–core/cadmium sulfide–shell QD superlattices. We measure the concomitant time-resolved exciton energy decay due to excitons sampling a heterogeneous energetic landscape within the superlattice. The heterogeneity is quantified by single-particle emission spectroscopy. This powerful multimodal set of observables provides sufficient constraints on a kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of exciton transport to elucidate a composite transport mechanism that includes both near-field FRET and previously neglected far-field emission/reabsorption contributions. Uncovering this mechanism offers a much-needed unified framework in which to characterize transport in QD solids and additional principles for device design.
SYCP1 head-to-head assembly is required for chromosome synapsis in mouse meiosis
Authors: Billmyre Katherine Kretovich , Kesler Emily A. , Tsuchiya Dai , Corbin Timothy J. , Weaver Kyle , Moran Andrea , Yu Zulin , Adams Lane , Delventhal Kym , Durnin Michael , Davies Owen Richard , Hawley R. Scott
Published: October 2023

In almost all sexually reproducing organisms, meiotic recombination and cell division require the synapsis of homologous chromosomes by a large proteinaceous structure, the synaptonemal complex (SC). While the SC’s overall structure is highly conserved across eukaryotes, its constituent proteins diverge between phyla. Transverse filament protein, SYCP1, spans the width of the SC and undergoes amino-terminal head-to-head self-assembly in vitro through a motif that is unusually highly conserved across kingdoms of life. Here, we report creation of mouse mutants,

Sycp1
L102E

and

Sycp1
L106E

, that target SYCP1’s head-to-head interface. L106E resulted in a complete loss of synapsis, while L102E had no apparent effect on synapsis, in agreement with their differential effects on the SYCP1 head-to-head interface in molecular dynamics simulations. In

Sycp1
L106E

mice, homologs aligned and recruited low levels of mutant SYCP1 and other SC proteins, but the absence of synapsis led to failure of crossover formation and meiotic arrest. We conclude that SYCP1’s conserved head-to-head interface is essential for meiotic chromosome synapsis in vivo.
Ultrasensitive and robust mechanoluminescent living composites
Authors: Li Chenghai , Schramma Nico , Wang Zijun , Qari Nada F. , Jalaal Maziyar , Latz Michael I. , Cai Shengqiang
Published: October 2023

Mechanosensing, the transduction of extracellular mechanical stimuli into intracellular biochemical signals, is a fundamental property of living cells. However, endowing synthetic materials with mechanosensing capabilities comparable to biological levels is challenging. Here, we developed ultrasensitive and robust mechanoluminescent living composites using hydrogels embedded with dinoflagellates, unicellular microalgae with a near-instantaneous and ultrasensitive bioluminescent response to mechanical stress. Not only did embedded dinoflagellates retain their intrinsic mechanoluminescence, but with hydrophobic coatings, living composites had a lifetime of ~5 months under harsh conditions with minimal maintenance. We 3D-printed living composites into large-scale mechanoluminescent structures with high spatial resolution, and we also enhanced their mechanical properties with double-network hydrogels. We propose a counterpart mathematical model that captured experimental mechanoluminescent observations to predict mechanoluminescence based on deformation and applied stress. We also demonstrated the use of the mechanosensing composites for biomimetic soft actuators that emitted colored light upon magnetic actuation. These mechanosensing composites have substantial potential in biohybrid sensors and robotics.
BCL6 fine-tunes long-term tumor control
Authors: Takamura Shiki , Nomura Aneela , Kubo Masato
Published: October 2023

Sun
et al.
provide comprehensive evidence that the transcription factor BCL6 functions as a gatekeeper for CD8
+
progenitor cell function in tumors and prevents their excessive terminal differentiation, thereby preserving this stem-like population for long-term tumor control.
Endovascular repair of a giant common hepatic aneurysm
Authors: Kao Chien-Tse , Teoh Basilie , Kok Hong Kuan , Hodgson Russell
Published: October 2023

Hepatic artery aneurysms are a rare phenomenon but their diagnosis and prompt treatment are imperative due to a high risk of mortality and complications. Appropriate management depends on patient characteristics, anatomical location of the aneurysm, operative risk and collateral arterial supply. Management options include surgical and endovascular approaches. The endovascular approach has gained popularity over recent years as it is an effective and less invasive alternative to surgical management. In this case report, we present a giant common hepatic artery aneurysm and its successful endovascular management. The patient had a complete resolution of symptoms after the procedure and remained well 8 months postprocedure.
Emergency retrieval of embolised patent ductus arteriosus device from the right pulmonary artery
Authors: Gupta Anish , Russal Starlet Abisho , Shrivastava Yash , Jhalani Ishan
Published: October 2023

Percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus using a duct occluder has become standard of care in its management especially in children more than 6 months of age, weighing more than 6 kg but device embolisation is a potential life-threatening complication and may require immediate open-heart surgery. We describe a case of successful surgical management of a patient in early childhood, in which device has embolised deep into the right pulmonary artery.
Image-guided percutaneous cryoablation of a solitary subpleural lung metastasis from breast cancer
Authors: Valtersson John , Vogsen Marianne , Graumann Ole , Pietersen Pia Iben
Published: October 2023

This case presents CT-guided percutaneous cryoablation as a treatment option in a patient with oligometastatic breast cancer who previously had received standard-of-care treatment for metastatic breast cancer. Before cryoablation, the patient received two systemic lines of therapy, several surgeries and radiotherapy for oligometastatic disease. The cryoablation was performed in a single 7 mm subpleural oligometastatic lesion 42 months after diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer. It was performed without complications, and the patient experienced no complaints or discomfort after the procedure. A 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month follow-up fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/CT scans showed no sign of disease progression.
Clinical course and management of an unknown multiple-magnet ingestion in a teenage male
Authors: Maksimyan Simona , Bernshteyn Michelle , Ravi Shri Jai Kirshan , Srivatana Ukorn
Published: October 2023

Foreign body ingestion in the paediatric population, especially when the details surrounding the ingestion are unknown, can be particularly difficult to manage. Magnets pose a unique challenge, as their magnetic field and caustic properties can instigate significant damage to the gastrointestinal tract if not treated in a timely manner. We report the case of a teenage male who presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of cramping and abdominal pain. He was found to have multiple metallic foreign bodies within the lumen of the stomach, the distal ileum and the ascending colon/ileocecal valve region, which he did not have any recollection of ingesting. The management of an unknown multiple-magnet ingestion in the older paediatric population is not well documented, and this case may provide unique insight for the management of similar cases.
Reversal of medication abortion with progesterone: a systematic review
Authors: Stifani Bianca Maria , Lavelanet Antonella Francheska
Published: October 2023

Background

We sought to determine whether there is evidence to recommend progesterone for individuals not wishing to complete a medication abortion after taking mifepristone.

Methods

We undertook an updated systematic review including a primary search for studies in which individuals received progesterone to reverse the effects of mifepristone, and a secondary search for studies in which individuals received mifepristone alone. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL and grey literature up to December 2022. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools for risk of bias assessment. We compared ongoing pregnancy rates among individuals treated with progesterone to those managed expectantly.

Results

We did not find new studies in our secondary search. For the main search, we included three case series and one randomised controlled trial. Data were available for 561 individuals who received progesterone after mifepristone, of whom 271 (48%) had ongoing pregnancies. The quality of the evidence in the case series was low due to methodological and ethical issues. Enrollment in the randomised trial stopped early due to bleeding events in both arms. The ongoing pregnancy rate for individuals ≤7 weeks who received progesterone was 42% (95% CI 37-48) compared with 22% (95% CI 11-39) for mifepristone alone. At 7–8 weeks, the ongoing pregnancy rate was 62% (95% CI 52-71) in the progesterone group and 50% (95% CI 15- 85) in the mifepristone alone group.

Conclusion

Based mostly on poor-quality data, it appears the ongoing pregnancy rate in individuals treated with progesterone after mifepristone is not significantly higher compared to that of individuals receiving mifepristone alone.
Vaccination with post-translational modified, homocitrullinated peptides induces CD8 T-cell responses that mediate antitumor immunity
Authors: Shah Sabaria , Cook Katherine W , Symonds Peter , Weißer Juliane , Skinner Anne , Al Omari Abdullah , Paston Samantha J , Pike Ian , Durrant Lindy G , Brentville Victoria A
Published: October 2023

Background

Post-translational modification of proteins has the potential to alter the ability of T cells to recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class -I and class-II restricted antigens, thereby resulting in altered immune responses. One such modification is carbamylation (homocitrullination) that results in the formation of homocitrulline (Hcit) residues in a non-enzymatic reaction of cyanate with the lysine residues in the polypeptide chain. Homocitrullination occurs in the tumor microenvironment and CD4-mediated immune responses to Hcit epitopes can target stressed tumor cells and provide a potent antitumor response in mouse models.

Methods

Homocitrullinated peptides were identified and assessed in vitro for HLA-A2 binding and in vivo in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) transgenic mouse models for immunogenicity. CD8 responses were assessed in vitro for cytotoxicity and in vivo tumor therapy. Human tumor samples were analyzed by targeted mass spectrometry for presence of homocitrullinated peptides.

Results

Homocitrullinated peptides from aldolase and cytokeratin were identified, that stimulated CD8-mediated responses in vivo. Modified peptides showed enhanced binding to HLA-A2 compared with the native sequences and immunization of HLA-A2 transgenic mice generated high avidity modification specific CD8 responses that killed peptide expressing target cells. Importantly, in vivo the homocitrullinated aldolase specific response was associated with efficient CD8 dependent antitumor therapy of the aggressive murine B16 tumor model indicating that this epitope is naturally presented in the tumor. In addition, the homocitrullinated aldolase epitope was also detected in human tumor samples.

Conclusion

This is the first evidence that homocitrullinated peptides can be processed and presented via MHC-I and targeted for tumor therapy. Thus, Hcit-specific CD8 T-cell responses have potential in the development of future anticancer therapy.
Supplementation of microencapsulated sodium butyrate on the performance, haemato-biochemical profile and intestinal microbiota composition of broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria spp.
Authors: Barbosa Bárbara Fernanda da Silva , Andressa de Lima Gabrieli , Ventura Gabriela , Trevizan Bruna Abrahão , Figueroa Castillo Elis Omar , Bortoloto Jéssica Tuane , Polycarpo Gustavo do Valle , Biller Jaqueline Dalbello , Madeira Alda Maria Backx Noronha , Cruz-Polycarpo Valquíria Cação
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of microencapsulated sodium butyrate (MSB) in substitution to antibiotics on performance, haematology, intestinal lesion scores, and oocyst count in the excreta of broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. A total of 1050 male Ross chicks were used, distributed in completely randomized design, with six treatments: unchallenged control diet (UC); challenged control diet (CCD); challenged and supplemented (CS) with 1000 mg/kg of MSB; CS with 1500 mg/kg of MSB; CS with 2000 mg/kg of MSB; and CS with avilamycin, with five repetitions. At 16 days of age (d.o.), the birds were inoculated orally with Eimeria spp. oocysts. Higher average weightgain (AWG) and average feed intake (AFI) were observed in the UC, and at the 42 d.o., better feed conversion ratio (FCR) and productive efficiency factor (PEF). The group that received the additives showed higher relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes, as well as that of the unchallenged birds; however, the CCD had higher relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes. It is concluded that MSB can be used as an alternative to antibiotics, assisting in the recovery of performance and gut microbiota biodiversity.
Rodent-mediated seed limitation affects woody seedling establishment more than invasive shrubs and downed woody debris
Authors: Connolly Brian , Zirbel Chad , Orrock John
Published: October 2023

Seedling establishment is crucial for the development of self-regenerating tree populations. Determinants of tree establishment vary widely and may compound in their effects. Using a factorial experiment, we manipulated invasive shrubs, downed woody debris (DWD), and rodent access to evaluate factors limiting the establishment of six woody species (five native trees, one invasive shrub). Our results suggest these factors independently contribute to tree seedling establishment. Exclusion of rodents increased establishment threefold. Invasive shrub removal ( Elaeagnus umbellata; Lonicera maackii) and the presence of DWD promoted establishment of two native trees ( Pinus strobus; Sassafras albidum). Notably, the presence of DWD halved L. maackii establishment. In identifying rodents as drivers of seed limitation, our results support findings that seed additions will likely promote woody seedling establishment when rodents are not abundant (e.g., low populations) or when seeds are physically or chemically protected (e.g., via taste deterrents). Management plans vary in DWD retention; results from our experimental cohort indicate retaining or introducing DWD promotes native tree recruitment and limits invasive shrub establishment. Future studies exploring the species-specific effects of invasive shrub removal and DWD amendments across multiple cohorts will help determine which woody species benefit most from these management practices.
Topological classes of thermodynamics of black holes in perfect fluid dark matter background
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Jusufi Kimet
Published: October 2023

In this paper we explore the topological classes of thermodynamics of a family of black holes. In particular we investigate the influence of distinct fields, including the electric field, non-linear magnetic field, along with the perfect fluid matter background that can mimic dark matter in large distances. In light of these considerations, we shall henceforth denote this fluid as perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM). Our analysis reveals that the winding and topological numbers for the Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes in PFDM background are the same as the Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes, however for the Kerr-AdS background in PFDM we obtain a different topological number compared to the Kerr black hole in PFDM. Furthermore, we explore in details the interplay of electric charge and nonlinear magnetic charge, impacting the topological classes of thermodynamics both in the absence and presence of PFDM. Interestingly, it is demonstrated that the topological numbers associated with the static Hayward black holes, both in the absence and presence of PFDM, deviate from those of the Schwarzschild black hole. This observation shows that the presence of a magnetic charge introduces an additional role and can alter the topological numbers. Finally, our study culminates with the comprehensive analysis of the topological numbers pertaining to the Hayward black hole, considering the combined effects of PFDM and rotation.
Research on homogeneous information propagation in social network
Authors: Nian Fuzhong , Wang Zheming , Qian Yinuo
Published: October 2023

In real network systems, there are numerous information propagation phenomena. However, the impact of homogeneity on information propagation is still not well understood. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic information propagation model named H-SIR. We also incorporate the propagation mechanism of content homogeneity and define the dynamic propagation rate based on users’ interest locking and fatigue level. Through simulation experiments, we demonstrate how homogeneous information spreads and evolves on the network. Furthermore, we compare the model with real data of COVID-19 information on the Sina-Weibo social platform and the traditional SIR model to jointly validate our model. Our results show that in social networks, if the themes of homogeneous information are diverse, even with an increasing amount of homogeneous information, it will hardly affect the propagation of this type of information. However, if users are recommended excessive homogeneous information, they will not focus entirely but instead display selective contact behavior. In the case of information fatigue, a type of information with a low degree of homogeneity will survive longer than a type of information with a high degree of homogeneity. Finally, we propose corresponding strategies to alleviate the phenomenon of information homogenization in social networks.
Implications of Refurbishing Authorization Strategy and Distribution Channel Choice in a Closed-Loop Supply Chain
Authors: Pu Xujin , Dai Mingzhuo , Zhang Wen
Published: October 2023

This study examines the optimal authorization strategy for an original equipment manufacturer (OEM), the optimal distribution channel choice for a platform, and their interactions. We developed four models based on the OEM’s two strategy choices — authorization and non-authorization strategies, and the platform having two distribution channels for refurbished products: reselling and agency selling channels. Our results indicate that the authorization strategy is optimal for the OEM when consumer’s preference for refurbished products is not sufficiently high. Unlike conventional research, an increase in the production cost of a new product leads to different choices for the OEM. Specifically, the OEM prefers a non-authorization strategy in the reselling channel and an authorization strategy in the agency selling channel. Moreover, under the OEM’s authorization strategy, the platform always adopts a reselling channel for refurbished products. However, under the OEM’s non-authorization strategy, the platform’s choice is determined by the commission fee and the production cost of the new product.
Witten index in 4D supersymmetric gauge theories
Authors: Smilga Andrei V.
Published: October 2023

We present a review of Witten index calculations in different supersymmetric gauge theories in four dimensions: supersymmetric electrodynamics, pure [Formula: see text] supersymmetric Yang–Mills (SYM) theories and also SYM theories including matter multiplets — both with chirally symmetric and asymmetric content.