bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube and its Application to Dehydrogenase Biosensor
Authors: Wang Xing Sheng , Liu Pu , Zheng Hai Tao , Hu Hui , Zheng Wen Juan , Suye Shinichiro
Published: August 2011

Coenzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucle-otide (NAD+) functionalized multi-walled carbon-nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared in this work. Carboxylic groups were firstly introduced to MWCNTs by oxidation in a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and the NAD moistures were further attached by the formation of amide bonds with carboxylic groups under the help of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)carbodiimidehydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide, which resulted in the coenzyme functionalized materials, MWCNTs-NAD. The MWCNTs-NAD was characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR and TEM, and it was found clearly that the MWCNTs-NAD exhibited coenzyme activity compared with native NAD+ in reaction catalyzed by NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase. The application of MWCNTs-NAD on the construction of dehydrogenase biosensor was further investigated.
Mangnese Dioxide Nano-Crystal as Catalyst to Remove Formaldehyde
Authors: Shao Wei , Chu Xiu Juan , Gao Kai , Zhang Hua
Published: August 2011

The purification technology and material of indoor formaldehyde is a hot spot in the field of material at present. In this paper, MnSO4, KMnO4, NaOH and H2O2 etc. are used to make manganese dioxide nanocrystal with the method of liquid precipitation. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the structure and properties. The results show that the products are nano-crystals of γ- MnO2 and δ-MnO2. The catalyze oxidation of formaldehyde using bothγ- MnO2 and δ-MnO2 as catalysts was investigated; and acetyl acetone method was used to characterize formaldehyde chroma. The catalytic ability ofγ-MnO2 nanocrystal to catalyze formaldehyde oxidation is better than that ofδ-MnO2.
Sensing Textile Fibers by THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Hui Qin , Gong Ji Xian , Zhang Jian Fei , Wang Chang Lei , Tian Zhen
Published: August 2011

Along with the booming development of multi-component blending fabrics, the accurate detection of component of fabrics has become a major goal in textile testing. Terahertz sensing technology provides a new way for detecting the materials. THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a novel spectroscopic technique which measures the electric field of the radiation through a sample and provides the phase and amplitude changes of the radiation, which can provide information unavailable through conventional methods such as microwave and X-ray techniques. In this investigation, THz-TDS technology was introduced into the textile differentiation. Three kinds of cellulose textile fibers, cotton fiber, bamboo fiber and viscose fiber, were prepared as the sample and detected by THz-TDS at room temperature in the absence of vapor. The temporal and frequency signals of the fibers were obtained. In the THz absorption spectrum, the characteristic absorption peaks of textile fibers in THz wave band were found, which can be used to recognize the fibers. This approach provides a novel non-contact examine method for fiber identification in complicated textiles.
A Novel Model for Predicting Iron Losses of Electrical Steels Fed by PWM Inverter
Authors: Huang Ping Lin , Cheng Guo Sheng , Yan Ai Ping
Published: August 2011

Based on the Bessel function, a novel calculation model of iron losses of electric magnetic material fed by PWM inverter is proposed. Considering the influence of modulation index of inverters, the numerical relationship between material iron losses and PWM modulation index is presented. By improving on the Epstein frame measuring system, a method is proposed to measure the material loss under non-sinusoidal voltage, two three-phase experimental induction motors fed by inverter is considered, the results prove the model is valid.
The Estimation for Position and Velocity of Moving Ball from Single Linear Array Image
Authors: Zhao Zhu Xin , Zhang Xing , Hui Bing Wei , Wen Gong Jian
Published: August 2011

An original method for estimating the position and velocity of moving ball using a single line scan camera is presented. The collected linear array image is composed of plenty of lines which are sensed at different time instants, it therefore contains both spatial and temporal information of a period of the ball’s movement which makes it feasible to estimate the 3D motion of the ball. The relevance and accuracy of the method are experimentally confirmed both on simulated and real images.
The Equivalent Proving of Two Typical Vector Composing PM Circuits and their Characteristic Analysis
Authors: Sun Qiu Dong , Liu Zheng Guo , Ma Wen Xin , Huang Jiang Wei
Published: August 2011

PM, Vector Composing, Armstrong PM, QAM-based PM, Equivalent Analysis Abstract. Both the Armstrong phase modulation (PM) and QAM-based PM are typical vector composing circuits in the course “Radio Frequency Circuits”. Due to having innate defects of nonlinear phase distortion and parasitical AM, the characteristics of Armstrong PM are not good unless the modulation exponent is small enough. Therefore, the Armstrong PM is an approximate circuit. The QAM- based PM is a quite different circuit from the Armstrong PM, and its defects are not given in general teaching material. The equivalence of two circuits is proved in this paper by mathematical method. So, the QAM-based PM has same pros and cons with Armstrong PM and can be replaced with the latter completely.
Effect of Mineralizer on the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Crystals
Authors: Yang Hui , Yang Gai , Liu Yun , Wang Chuang
Published: August 2011

The effect of mineralizer upon the fabrication of lead-free, piezoelectric Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 ( BNT) was investigated using a hydrothermal reaction technique. Results indicated that BNT crystals can be formed in a basic environment controlled by a NaOH mineralizer. The morphologies and sizes of the resultant particles are determined by the concentration of NaOH: a lower alkaline concentration leads to the particles with a spherical shape consisting of a number of small, intergrown BNT crystals while a higher NaOH concentration (e.g. > 12 mol/L) results in large, individual BNT cubes. Possible growth mechanisms of the BNT particles were discussed in conjunction with surface hydration, dehydration and free water content during the hydrothermal reaction.
Application of Attapulgite Clay Mineral Modified by Flame Retarder in Green Building Materials
Authors: Liu Xiao Qi , Duan Xue Chen , Shen Ming Hui , Chen Jie Nan
Published: August 2011

In this thesis, the composite of aluminum hydroxide on the surface of natural one-dimensional nano minerals and the nanocrystallization of inorganic flame retarder (aluminium hydroxide) are achieved by hydrothermal method. The obtained nano-composite flame retarder is applied in the preparation of straw based panel to improve its flame retardant performance. After ultrasonic dispersion and complex purification with the addition of EDTA, the crude attapulgite clay minerals is put in acid solution of PH 2 or 3, where the surface of the complex is modified with the addition of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB).Then add into it aluminum hydroxide of different amounts, to start the hydrothermal composite reaction and get aluminum hydroxide/ nano-attapulgite composite flame retarder. After the characterization by SEM the best hydrothermal reaction conditions for preparing aluminum hydroxide/attapulgite are obtained. The prepared nano composite flame retarder, the PF adhesive and straw shavings are mixed in different proportions and made into straw based panel by hot pressing. Then the study on the flame retardant performance and the mechanical properties of the straw based panel is carried out.
Dielectric Relaxation Properties in Colossal Dielectric Constant Material Sr0.9Ba0.1Ti0.9Ru0.1O3
Authors: Wei Tong , Zhou Qing Jun , Song Qing Gong , Zhao Chuan Zhen , Liu Jun Ming
Published: August 2011

We investigated the colossal dielectric constant behavior and interesting dielectric relaxation over broad temperature and frequency ranges in complex perovskite Sr0.9Ba0.1Ti0.9Ru0.1O3 ceramics by using HP4294 impedance analyzer. Through the discussion, there exists a clear link between the dielectric relaxation and the sample conductivity. It’s believed that hopping of electrons between color centers not only produce conductivity but also give rise to dielectric relaxation behavior.
Stable Antiferromagnetism of Orthorhombic BiCrO3 under Pressure: a Theoretical Study
Authors: Wang Huan , Chen Xi , Chen Xing Yuan , Zhao Yu Jun
Published: August 2011

The realization of ferromagnetism or ferrimagnetism in BiCrO3 is crucial for its potential application in magnetoelectronic devices. It is known from experiment that the antiferromagnetic monoclinic phase of BiCrO3 transits to orthorhombic as pressure beyond 1GPa. Here, we present a first-principles study of the magnetism of orthorhombic BiCrO3 under pressures up to 80GPa. We find that the energy difference between its ferromagnetic phase and the ground state of G-type anti-ferromagnetic phase becomes greater as the pressure increases, as well as the estimated magnetic transition temperature TN. This implies the difficulty of transforming BiCrO3 into ferromagnetism by external pressure, and thus other approaches (such as doping magnetic ions) are necessary to explore its potential application in magnetoelectronic devices.
Characterization of Porous TiO2 Films Prepared Using PEG of Different Molecular Weight
Authors: Yang Li Li , Bai Jia Wei , Zhang Wen Jie
Published: August 2011

Porous TiO2 films were prepared through dip-coating on glass substrates using different molecular weight of PEG. Surface roughness increased with increasing PEG molecular weight. The film prepared with PEG400 was fairly smooth with slight roughness. The films prepared with high molecular PEG became rougher and there were some larger particles on the films. When the PEG molecular weight got higher, adsorption edge of the films tended to move toward shorter wavelength region. In the wavelength range between 350 and 450 nm, larger PEG molecules made higher film transmittance. The particles prepared using higher or lower molecular weight of PEG had less surface area than using PEG1000. The average pore sizes were 14 nm, 15 nm, 28 nm, and 52 nm, and the total pore volume were 0.12 ml/g, 0.13 ml/g, 0.08 ml/g, and 0.09 ml/g for the TiO2 powders prepared using PEG400 to PEG 6000.
Analysis on Torsional Vibration Characteristics of Steam Turbine Generator Shafts
Authors: Wang Tian Xiao , He Cheng Bing , Jiang Di
Published: August 2011

This article introduced the four-terminal network method, Riccati transfer matrix method and finite element method respectively, and the applications of three methods in inherent characteristics analysis of turbine generator units’ torsional vibration. Considering an actual case of 600 MW units in one power, the natural frequencies and normal vibration mode of units’ torsional vibration were worked out through the three methods, and compared with the testing natural frequencies, the results showed that the calculation precisions of three methods are very high, and the three methods can be used to analyze actual units. Comparatively, the results obtained by four-terminal network method are closer to testing natural frequencies with a higher calculation precision.
A Novel Long-Life Air Working Electro-Active Actuator Based on Cellulose and Polyurethane Blend
Authors: Hou Cheng Wei , Cai Zhi Jiang
Published: August 2011

In this paper, electro-active actuator made with cellulose and polyurethane blend film is prepared, which can show high bending displacement in the air with room humidity condition. To fabricate this actuator, cotton cellulose was dissolved into a N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and lithium chloride (LiCl) solvent system. Polyurethane prepared by poly[di(ethylene glycol) adipate] and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) was mixed with DMAc cellulose solution by stirring. The mixed solution was cast to form a film followed by depositing thin gold electrode on both sides of the film. The actuator was actuated under AC voltage at an ambient condition by changing the actuation voltage, frequency and time. The actuator revealed a large bending displacement under low activation voltage, low electrical power consumption and good durability at room condition. This cellulose- polyurethane blend actuator is suitable for dry and durable actuator and promising for many biomimetic applications in foreseeable future.
Study on the Characterization and Bending Performance of Electro-Active Actuator Based on Cellulose and Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)
Authors: Hou Cheng Wei , Cai Zhi Jiang
Published: August 2011

This paper describes a new electro-active actuator based on cellulose and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) blend film that can produce high bending displacement in room humidity condition. Cellulose based actuator has been reported as a smart material that has merits in terms of lightweight, dry condition, biodegradability, sustainability, large displacement output and low actuation voltage. However, its actuator performance is very sensitive to humidity, which requires high humidity condition for the maximum actuator performance. To overcome this drawback, we introduce cellulose-PHB blend film based actuator. To fabricate this new actuator, cellulose and PHB were dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid. The solution was cast to form a film followed by depositing thin gold electrode on both sides of the film. The morphology of the blend was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The actuator can be actuated under AC voltage. The bending performance was evaluated in terms of free bending displacement, electrical power consumption output with respect to voltage and frequency and lifetime test at ambient condition. Primary results show that this cellulose- PHB blend actuator is less sensitive to humidity and it shows much high bending displacement and long lifetime (more than 10 hours) at room humidity condition. These results indicate that this new cellulose-PHB blend actuator is promising for many biomimetic applications in foreseeable future.
Study on Structure Properties of Pyridine Ionic Liquids of Different Acid-Based Chain Lengths
Authors: Wang Li Min , Chu De Qing
Published: August 2011

By density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-311+G** levels, the pyridine ionic liquid with different substituent length has been studied. The calculated results show that the ionic liquid formed by pyridine and a chlorine ion has two main configurations (CCOOH-PyCl and CCOOHPyPCl). There are three combinative locations in each configuration of anion and cation. When the anion is located in the same location, as the acid length becomes longer, the hydrogen bond length between chlorine ion and hydrogen atom in pyridine ring becomes longer, the binding energy between chlorine ion and pyridine with different acid length becomes stronger.
The Influences of Material and Structure on the UV Protection of Summer Fabrics
Authors: Dai Li , Zhang Yi
Published: August 2011

Thin summer fabrics without anti-UV finishing were used as experimental samples and the influences of fabric thickness, tightness, structure and fiber on the anti-UV properties were observed carefully. The measured performance parameters were normalized, to make UV protection properties of different thickness, tightness, fabric structures and fiber materials are comparable. This investigation revealed that the dominant factors affecting fabric anti-ultraviolet property were fabric structure, thickness and fiber type. The anti-UV performance from strong to weak is satin, twill and plain weave in terms of fabric structure; and polyester, silk, hemp and cotton in terms of fiber material. In addition, the anti-UV performances of fabrics positively increase with their thickness, when the other parameters were kept the same.
The Research of Sphygmus Sensor Based on FBG in Smart Clothing
Authors: Gan Jing Meng , Miao Chang Yun , Zhang Chen , Gao Hua , Bai Fang Fang , Zhu Li De , Ma Ming
Published: August 2011

The sphygmus is the external reflection of many important information such as the conditions of heart and blood vessels, and the sphygmus wave contains rich physiological information as well, so extracting the pulse information accurately is of great medical significance. In this paper, a sphygmus sensor based on FBG is designed and the description of the production process is given. The sphygmus sensor can overcome some shortcomings of piezoelectric sensors, such as electromagnetic interference, and it also can be weaved into the clothes, laying the groundwork for using FBG to monitor the sound of heart in smart clothing. The experiment shows that the sphygmus sensor can accurately collect the pulse signals and the pulse wave, and the experiment error is less than 1 times/min.
Mechanical Design of Bionic Snake Mouth and its Analysis
Authors: Liu Zi Juan , Fei Jian , Fu Zhuang , Yan Wei Xin , Zhao Yan Zheng
Published: August 2011

Bionic snake mouth mechanism aims at realizing open bite and swallows movements of the snake mouth. Depending on the basis of the anatomy of snake mouth and the combination of bionics and engineering, the mechanism was made. Based on the static analysis of the mechanism, the finite element analysis was performed and the fang mechanism was optimized.
The Optimum Design of A2JK Hoist Drum Based on ANSYS
Authors: Chen Shuang
Published: August 2011

The hoist drum was analyzed with the finite element method analysis in this article .First, some necessary simplifications of hoist drum were handled and the solid model of reel was made by using of Pro / E. According to the concrete condition, we established material properties, generated the meshing and loads applied as well as other imposed constraints on the rolls based on ANSYS, and finally the hoist drum deformation and stress was solved. By analyzing the results, strain and stress distribution rolls are obtained.
Investigation of Water Cavitation Peening-Induced Microstructures and Residual Stress in the Near-Surface Spring Steel SAE 1070
Authors: Han Bing , Zhang H. , Ju Dong Ying
Published: August 2011

Water cavitation peening (WCP) with aeration, namely, a new ventilation nozzle with aeration is adopted to improve the process capability of WCP by increasing the impact pressure induced by the bubble collapse on the surface of components. In this study, the influence of water cavitation peening (WCP) treatment on the microstructure of spring steel SAE 1070 was investigated. The microstructural evolution in the near-surface of spring steel SAE 1070 as a function of WCP time was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM). After WCP treatment, changes in the microstructure, as well as residual stress and surface morphologies as functions of WCP time, were recorded using a novel experimental design involving an in-situ observation function. The obtained results indicated that the refinement grains were induced by WCP in the strengthening layer. A stable compressive residual stress layer was found in the near-surface of the investigated spring steel SAE 1070.
Research on Breaking Chip and Drilling Force for High Temperature Alloy Based on Self-Vibratory Drilling Head
Authors: Gao Xing Jun , Zou Ping , Li De Jun , Xiang Zhi Yang
Published: August 2011

Problems to evacuate chips will arise from manufacturing deep holes, especially for small diameters. Such problems induce frequent tool breakage and poor surface quality. The vibratory drilling enables the chip to be split into small elements thanks to the axial vibrations of the drill, self-maintained by the cutting energy. This research aims to improve breaking chip concerning high temperature alloy by vibraiont drilling as well as to establish a drilling technology. The development of breaking chip technology was presented. By the aid of the self-made vibrating drilling table, the axial vibration drilling was experimented on high temperature alloy with different parameter of vibration drilling. The breaking chip effect of vibration cutting was studied, and the axial drilling force and torque of vibration drilling were analyzed. The relation of each parameter and its effect on machining process was theoretically discussed. The experiment results show that vibration drilling is in favor of breaking chip, making the volume of chip small, and removing chips fluently, and the change of drilling force is relatively steady with some drilling parameters.
Research on Bending Process of Integral Panel Skins
Authors: Liu Jin Song , Guo Ying , Zhang Shi Hong , Xiao Han
Published: August 2011

With the advantages such as light weight, high structure intensity and good rigidity, integral panel skins have been widely applied in aerospace industry. The forming process of mechanical milling-filling auxiliary roll bending and the incremental bending of integral panel skins were proposed based on the finite element method and the experiments technique. The research shows that the shapes of panel skins were binded by the ribs plastic deformation. The roll bending was suitable to the panel skins with the low ribs or the simple structure. The incremental forming was suitable to the panel skins with the high ribs or the involutes structure.
Machining of Metal Matrix Composites with Minimum Quantity Cutting Fluid and Flood Cooling
Authors: Sankar M. Ravi , Ramkumar Janakarajan , Aravindan S.
Published: August 2011

In the present work, minimum quantity cutting fluid (MQCF) technology was developed and applied for enhancing the machining performance by maintaining eco-friendly conditions. Machining experiments were carried on Al alloy/SiC metal matrix composite using cemented carbide tool with both MQCF and flood cooling. MQCF was effective in bringing down the forces, surface roughness, flank wear by ~17 %, ~5 %, ~12.5 % respectively compared to flood cooling. In MQCF, the consumption of cutting fluid is extremely low (10ml/min) compared to flood cooling (~ 400-600 ml/min). So, emission produced in MQCF are very less, which is eco-friendly.
The Effects of Hollow Ratio on the Radial Bearing Properties of Pre-Loaded Cylindrical Roller Bearings
Authors: Wei Yan Gang , Liu Yan Kui , Zhang Xiu Juan
Published: August 2011

The finite element method is adopted to analyze the pre-loaded cylindrical roller bearings according to the theory of contact mechanics. The effects of hollow ratio on the radial stiffness of bearings, the maximum contact stress of rollers, and the maximum radial load of bearing are analyzed. The analysis results show that the smaller the hollowness is, the larger the radial stiffness of pre-loaded cylindrical roller bearings, the maximum contact stress of the rollers, and the maximum radial load of the bearing would be. Under different magnitude loads, the reasonable combination of interference magnitude with the hollowness can not only increase the stiffness of roller bearings, but also decrease the maximum stress of rollers, which provides a reference for the design and manufacture of pre-loaded cylindrical roller bearings.
The Modal Analysis for Spiral Bevel Gear Based on Patran/Nastran
Authors: Zeng Hong , Gao Qi , Zhang Wen Guang , Li Yan
Published: August 2011

The three-dimensional parametric model of spiral bevel gear was built based on Pro/E, The parametric model was converted to Patran, and the modal analysis, 10 order natural frequency and 10 order correspondence with the frequency were obtained with the Nastran. It can avoid the resonance in the design of spiral bevel gear.
Research of a Piezoelectric Driving Linear Movement Device
Authors: Wang Hong Xiang , Hu Jing , Ma Yuan Yuan , He Qing
Published: August 2011

This paper presents a vibrator of linear standing wave ultrasonic driving. The driving vibrator works with in-plane bending vibration modes and the vibrator structure which contacts with the guide on both sides is long ring and increases driving force . Based on mode analysis, the working principle of long ring vibrator is analyzed. The vibrator of linear standing wave ultrasonic driving is developed, which has been tested and analyzed. The experimental results further verify the correctness of the theory analysis.
Numerical Simulation on the Surface Subsidence Effect during Shield Tunneling Construction
Authors: Sun Hai Xia , Wu Hai Yu , Chen Si Li
Published: August 2011

Against the background of shenyang subway shield tunnel construction, the method of numerical simulation methods are used to analyze the factors of surface subsidence caused by shield construction comprehensively, and the universal finite element program ABAQUS is used to establish mechanical model depended on comprehensive consideration the influence factors of soil warehouses pressure, seepage and groundwater. A dynamic finite element simulation of shield advance process and conclude the surface deformation rule of soil are studied.
Effect of Tempering Holding Time on Performance of Wear-Resistant Steel of High Pressure Blower Impeller
Authors: Yi Deng Li , Yin Gui Li
Published: August 2011

As ventilation and dust removal equipment, high pressure blower is widely used in industry, but the heavy wear of impeller which is the core frame member of the equipment still restrict the fully increasing in the performance of the high pressure blower. So it has important significance to research and develop wear-resisting impeller of high pressure blower. The article focused on studying the microstructure and hardness of the experimental steel used in the wear-resisting impeller of high pressure blower, subjected to be processed in different tempering holding time; as well as analyzing the mechanism of the influence of tempering holding time on the experimental steel. The results show that, with the increasing in holding time, lath-shaped tempered martensite becomes obscure in experimental steel used in the Q-tempered wear-resisting impeller of high pressure blower, as well as the account of acicular martensite and bainite also increases, resulting in the gradual decreasing in hardness. Furthermore, the hardness of alloy steel decreases sharply when the holding time is more than 60 min. Thereby, the best holding time of alloy steel is considered to be 40 to 60 min.
Distributed and Cooperative Organization of Information Platform for Manufacturing Clusters
Authors: Wang Hai Yang , Chen Xin
Published: August 2011

Organization of information platform for manufacturing clusters is researched based on the characteristics of information. The characteristics of multiple sources and heterogeneity are analyzed. The information characteristics are described by four attributes-particle size, transmission frequency, effectiveness, and update frequency. Information collection and information users are geographic dispersion. The forms are diversified. The management is relatively concentrated. According to the characteristics of information, the distributed database organization is used. Function modules are organized by Cooperative mechanisms. Information organization flow chart is put forward. Multi-sources information processing is researched, which is the key technology of information organization. The study provides method guide for organization of information platform for manufacturing clusters.
The Study on CAD Technology of Reconfigurable and Module for Vertical Bag Packaging Machine
Authors: Shang Rui , Li Sheng Yuan
Published: August 2011

This article studies CAD technology and CAD system for vertical bag packaging machine of four edge-sealing based on modern design of reconfigurable module. The article also explains methods of reconfigurable and module for the machine. The study lays the foundation of rapid design, cost reduction and improving general.
Preparation of Bio Tissue Micro Array Based on NC Positioning and Image Processing Technology
Authors: Zhang Yu Cheng
Published: August 2011

Against the problem on poor quality and inefficiency in the preparation of bio tissue micro array by hand, the one processing system of biotissue micro-array was developed. The application of NC image identification technology was made to carry out auto punching, auto-positioning- embedding, and auto-extracting, etc. The auto preparation of biotissue micro array was completed. The adoption of the minimum squares fitting was aimed at object’s primes to be fitted so as to obtain special-feature parameters to finish accurate position and auto rectification of deviation visual view range in micro-hole image. There by, visual deviation operated by hand was avoided and highlighted the processed accuracy.
Research on a New Type of Ultrasonic Polishing Vibrator
Authors: He Qing , Li Ying Hua , Jia Kai , Li L.
Published: August 2011

Aiming at the ultrasonic vibration polishing technology of silicon wafer, this paper proposes a disc-shaped ultrasonic piezoelectric polishing vibrator of out-of-plant bending travalling wave. Basing on numerical analysis, the principle prototype of the polishing vibrator has been designed and produced, and then tested. This polishing vibrator can be used in polishing process of semiconductor silicon wafer.
Residual Stress Measurement for Coated Film on Cold Work Tool Steel
Authors: Sresomroeng Bhadpiroon , Chumrum Pakorn , Premanond Varunee
Published: August 2011

This paper aims to evaluate residual stress of coated film on cold work tool steel grade SKD11 (JIS) substrate. Four types of film coating were deposited on hardened SKD11 steel. Mechanical property of film coatings was examined by nano-indentation. The thickness of the films was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Residual stress of coated film was investigated by using curvature technique based on the Stoney equation. The results of them were compared and correlated to the bond strength of the films from scratch testing. The influences of residual stress on bond strength of the films were thoroughly discussed in details.
Effect of Scan Velocity on Resulting Curvatures during Laser Beam Bending of AISI 1008 Steel Plates
Authors: Akinlabi Stephen , Marwala Tshilidzi , Akinlabi Esther Titilayo , Shukla Mukul
Published: August 2011

Forming is a flexible process, by which a variety of different shapes can be produced through mechanical, thermo-mechanical, or thermal [Laser Beam Forming] process. Laser beam forming [LBF] process has been successfully applied to a variety of sheet metal components thereby plastically deforming it. This paper investigates the producing effect of scan velocity on the resulting curvatures and resulting properties of the bent components. The results show that three different curvatures (120, 180 and 240 mm) of 4 mm AISI 1008 low carbon steel plate was successfully produced under an optimized set of process parameters and a direct relationship was observed between the scan velocity and the resulting curvatures. Furthermore, microstructural characterization revealed that the grain structures of the irradiated surfaces are refined with cooling than the bottom due to the nucleation rate of new grains formed at the irradiated surface.
FEA of Solid Stream Coupling Field Formed by Automobile Engine Cylinder Head and Cylinder Head Gasket
Authors: Li Wei Min
Published: August 2011

This paper focuses on discussing the application of FEA theory and method in calculation of composite structure strength between engine cylinder head and head gasket. Based on finite element analysis software, the integrated system of 3D CAD/CAE application software was developed for the finite-element analysis of the composite structure consisting of engine cylinder head and head gasket. By using the software system, several jobs, such as working condition analysis from preloading to outburst operation, structural analysis and steady-state thermal analysis, and thermo-structure coupling analysis, were carried out. The results studied in this paper provide a new idea and method for the finite element analysis of composite structure between engine cylinder head and head gasket.
Vehicle Engineering Application Study on TSF Var Compensation Method for Electric Locomotive of Electrified Railway
Authors: Wei Ling , Xiao Jing Shuai , Dong Yu Lin
Published: August 2011

The application of electric power, which acts as a pillar energy and economic artery in modern society, is one of the most important symbols of the level of development and comprehensive national power of a country. Var is a crucial factor for the design and operation of AC power systems, and is closely bound up with the safety, stabilization, and economical operation of power systems. With the development of electrified railway, developing the var compensation strategy vigorously has important senses in theory and practice. In this article, synthetically considering technique and economic leval of power systems in our country, parameters design and verification and specific engineering application of TSF var compensation method are presented. This method is a preferable one for resolving undesirable effect on power systems of electrified railway, especially having dynamic and real time characteristics of var compensation.
A New Analytical Method for Influences of Shock Absorber Rubber Mount on Automotive Ride Comfort
Authors: Zhang Li Jun , Liu Hong Liang , Li Yue Zhong
Published: August 2011

The rubber mount components in suspension system have great influence on ride comfort of automobile. Based on the complex stiffness model and equivalent model of shock absorber rubber mount, the suspension system model with 2DOF including rubber mount components are established by using virtual coordinate. The influences of the stiffness of rubber mount component on the responses of suspension are analyzed in frequency and time domains. The results show that proper stiffness of rubber mount can decrease the acceleration of body by about 20% and dynamic load of tire by about 30% in the frequency range from 5 to 12 Hz compared with that without rubber mount. In addition, the stiffness of rubber mount component leads to lag acceleration of body and higher nature frequency of wheel.
Crashworthiness Design of Vehicle Body Based on Factorial Screening
Authors: Hou Shu Juan , Dong Duo , Ren Li Li
Published: August 2011

Crashworthiness is one of the most important characteristics in automobile design, which is inflected by a large number of different factors, the influences of all these factors on crashworthiness are not identical. In order to screen the factors which influence the crashworthiness of the automobile most remarkablely, the graphics analysis method of the unreplicated saturated factorial design was employed. It is more and more widely used in the screening of factors because of its huge benefit in economic and the technical reason. The paper applied half-normal probability plot method to get the active and sensitive factors, and D-optimal design was employed to choose design sample points. The full quadratic polynomial approximation model was used to construct the response surface model of the internal energy. Finally, Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm was utilized to obtain the optimal solution of the multivariable crashworthiness optimization of the vehicle body under the full-scale frontal impact load.
The Motive Reliability Design of Mechanical Structure
Authors: Bao Rui Xin , Li Yong Kui , Li Jia , Wang Xin Gang
Published: August 2011

Having set up the mechanical structure motive reliability functional equation with random load. The reliability can be worked out using the second-matrix and perturbation methods. At the same time, the variation regularity of the mechanical structure strength, load, reliability and the failure rate have been studied. It indicates that when the strength decreases, the reliability of mechanical structure inclines slowly with time increasing, and the failure rate increases at the same time, and it has the feature of the later period of a "bath tub "curve. Using a specific example the motive curve of reliability and the failure rate with time changing can be obtained. They have certain guiding significance for determining test time and reliable life of components.
Coordination between Road Network and Economic Development Based on WPDEA
Authors: Lu Xiao Li , Wang Dian Chao
Published: August 2011

This paper built a road network evaluation system on the basis of the theory and methods of road network construction projects, and then established WPDEA model for it. This model was applied in Dalian city, and the results indicated that the road network matched the social-economic in some years, but it didn’t match in outher years.
Effects of Heating Methods on Recrystallization Texture of an Al-Mg-Si Alloy
Authors: Gao Qi Mei , Liu Ya Zhen , Tian Ni
Published: August 2011

The cold-rolled sheets of the Al-Mg-Si Alloy were annealed for recrystallization in the box furnace and the bath furnace respectively, then the microstructures were observed and the recrystallization textures were investigated with the orientation distribution functions (ODFs). The results show that after recrystallization annealing at slow heating rate the coarse a-Al grains and the strong recrystallization texture composed of Cube+nd25 components and the {011}<323> components were formed in the sheets of the Al-Mg-Si alloy, and after recrystallization annealing at rapid heating rate the fine a-Al grains and the weak or almost random recrystallization textures were formed.
Study on Assessment Method and Statistical Distribution of Cylinder Error
Authors: Ji Li , Huang Hai Long , Mei Xue Feng
Published: August 2011

Some problems existing in active standard of the shape tolerance and shape error assessment are geometrical problems which are based on the shape tolerance zone. This paper presents the probability distribution of the statistical cylinder error on the condition of the researching about cylinder error of rotor parts and does experimental measurement and data collection. It is proved that it complies with certain probability distribution law, the fitted cylinder error should gain the statistical distribution result by using mathematical statistics.
Elemental Identification of Materials Using Optical Emission Spectra during Electric Discharge Machining
Authors: Kanmani Subbu S. , Ramkumar Janakarajan , Dhamodaran S.
Published: August 2011

Elemental identification of material is a prime most important in material science field. Electric discharge is used for material elemental identification with optical emission spectroscopy. During electric discharge machining between two electrodes plasma is generated which emits intense radiation in the UV-Visible region. The generated plasma captured by optical emission spectroscopic technique and elements are identified from recorded spectra by matching with standard NIST database. This method is simple, rapid, and inexpensive compared to all other elemental identification method. The elements of the metal, semiconductors, even insulators can be identified without much difficulty. The elemental identification of material has been investigated in macro and micro level.
Experimental Research on the Fracture Properties of Roller Compacted Steel Fiber Recycled Concrete
Authors: Jia Yan Dong , Zhou Zheng Wei , Qu Yan Dong , Tian Ao Shuang
Published: August 2011

Comparative experiments on the ordinary steel fiber recycled concrete (SFRC) and roller compacted SFRC were carried out to research the fracture properties of roller compacted SFRC. The results show that compressive strength, fracture toughness and fracture energy of roller compacted SFRC increase with the increase of fiber volume fraction. Compressive strength increase with the increase of recycled aggregate replacement rate and fracture toughness decrease, however, Crack tip opening displacement has little changes and fracture energy features fluctuation with the replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregates increasing. The rolled formed layers have significant influence on the fracture properties of SFRC. The fracture toughness of roller compacted SFRC is generally lower than ordinary SFRC and compressive strength is higher than ordinary steel fiber concrete for the same aggregate replacement ratio and fiber volume fraction. Fracture energy of roller compacted SFRC is higher than ordinary SFRC for the higher steel fiber volume ratio.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Mg-Sc Alloy Processed by Semi-Solid Continuous Casting-Extrusion
Authors: Zhang Xue Fei , Guan Ren Guo , Cui Tong , Zhou Tian Guo
Published: August 2011

High tensile strength Al-3Mg-0.5Sc alloy wires can be produced by a method called semi-solid continuous casting-extrusion and on-line solution process (CCES). The effects of artificial aging and the combination of the artificial aging and cold drawing on the microstructures and properties of alloy wires were respectively investigated. TEM observations reveal that a large number of dislocations and Al3Sc particles distributed in the Al-matrix of Al-3Mg-0.5Sc alloy produced by semi-solid CCES.After directly artificial aging (DAA), the tensile strength is 353MPa and elongation is 19.9%; After cold drawing following artificial aging (CDAA), the tensile strength is 378MPa and elongation is 17.7%; After artificial aging following cold drawing (AACD), the tensile strength is 435MPa and elongation is 10.4%.
Analysis of the Effect of Nitrogen on Cold Shortness Behavior of Steel with the Electron Structure Parameters of Phase Interface
Authors: Yin Gui Li , Yi Deng Li , Lin Cheng
Published: August 2011

Based on the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules (EET), the phase interface electron structure of Fe4N/a-Fe、AlN/γ-Fe、AlN/γ-Fe-C(Al) are calculated, and the reasons that the cold shortness is resulted from nitrogen as well as the add of Al element is helpful to the removal of cold shortness are analyzed with the use of the interface conjunction factors such as,σ and. The calculated results are as follows. The discontinuous electron density difference of phase interface Fe4N/a-Fe under the first order approximation results in the remarkable strengthening effect as well as the significant decrease in toughness and ductility, demonstrating the reason that nitrogen can cause cold shortness; as the electron density difference on AlN/γ-Fe、AlN/γ-Fe-C(Al) phase interface is very large and the continuous number of the phase interface is very small, the add of Al can hinder the growth of grain, as a result, the austenite grain is significantly refined and the removal of cold shortness caused by Fe4N can be achieved.
Influence of Different High Temperature and Heated Time on Properties of Concrete
Authors: Tian Ao Shuang
Published: August 2011

The compressive strength and elastic modulus tests for two strength grade concrete specimens are carried out at different temperatures (20°C、100°C、300°C、500°C、700°C) and different heated times (1h、2h、3h), and the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity are obtained. The effects on properties of concrete for different high temperature and heated time are compared. The test result shows that the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete reduce along with the increase of heated temperature, and the higher the strength grade of concrete is, the more notable the reduced value is. Under the condition of same temperature, the longer the heated time is, the more obvious the two values reduce. The way of heating the specimens for different time has less influence on the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity than one of resisting different heated temperature.
Study of WC Particles Dissolved by Plasma Surfacing
Authors: Zhang Chun Hua , Qi Lin , Hu Fang , Zhang Song , Wang Mao Cai
Published: August 2011

Specific coatings are frequently used for increasing the life of mechanical parts undergoing severe corrosive and wearing environment. Plasma surfacing has been used to produce high quality coatings with the rapid development of coating technology. In this paper, the dissolution process of WC particles during the plasma surfacing with Fe-based and tungsten carbides composite coatings on AISI 316L stainless steel was studied .The dissolution process of WC particles is investigated by SEM, EDS and phenomenological analysis. Results show that the dissolution of WC particle during the plasma surfacing process is a successive process consisted of dissolution and reaction diffusion. Moreover, the effects of WC dissolved on micro-hardness of coating have been discussed.
Post-Process of Density Streaks Image of Flow Field in Supersonic Jet Device Captured by Laser Dual Hologram Interferometry
Authors: Liu Chun Ling , Jin Hui , Huo Chun Bao
Published: August 2011

Wind tunnel test can not simulate effectively the flow field of fuze electrical machinery at flight test conditions. In order to deeply research the structure of flow field and measure the flow field density out of fuze electrical machinery, the laser dual hologram interferometry was applied and the streaks photos were obtained clearly. To recognize the contours of density field, identification is needed to deal with interference streaks, and the density of local streaks is calculated with interference principle. The hologram interferometry photos of density field were pro-processed in the thesis, for the problem of photos that the left part was much brighter than the right, the method of multiple threshold was used to binary image. It can be seen that the method gives consistent results to a certain extent of human perception and gives ideal results to find uniform regions in the image plane. Then the binary image is thinned by pixels searching algorithm according to the lines to get coordinates of the pixels of each streak and to lay the foundation for extracting density field from density interference streak in future research.
Microstructure Development of Twin Roll Cast AZ31 Sheet in the Pre-Deformation Deep Drawing Process
Authors: Bao Pei Wei , Xing Shu Ming , Liu Zhi Min
Published: August 2011

Warm deep drawing processing was used to improve the deep drawability of Twin Roll Cast AZ31B magnesium sheet. Conspicuous effects were obtained and the Limited Drawing Ratio value of the sheet was improved by about 50% after the pre-deformation. Influence factor on the drawability of Twin Roll Cast magnesium alloy sheet was also analyzed. Numerical simulation method and microstructure analysis method were used to discuss the mechanisms of formation and develop of Twin Roll Cast microstructure in the twin roll cast process and the pre-deformation process.
Experimental Confirmation of Ni5Al3 Phase in Ni-Al Binary System by Diffusion Couple Technique
Authors: Li Chang Fa , Ren Yu Ping , Qin Gao Wu
Published: August 2011

The equilibrium phase relationships and compositions of Ni - 51at.%Al/Ni - 26at.%Al diffusion couple heat treated at 650 °C for various times have been investigated by means of diffusion couple technique. Experimental results showed that Ni5Al3 phase was not only stable at 650 °C, but also had a large solubility range (45.3～40.6) at.% Al. The obtained relationships of NiAl/Ni5Al3 and Ni5Al3/Ni3Al are in accordance with the current generally accepted Ni-Al binary system phase diagram, but their composition ranges are quite different from the presently accepted one, that is, the the phase boundaries of NiAl / (Ni5Al3 + NiAl), (Ni5Al3 + NiAl) / Ni5Al3 and Ni5Al3 / (Ni3Al + Ni5Al3) significantly shift to the Al-rich side.