bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An autophagy adaptor TRIAD3A promotes tau fibrillation by phase separation
Authors: ZHOU JIECHAO
Published: January 2025

Background

Multiple neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by aberrant proteinaceous accumulations of tau. The maintenance of tau proteostasis reportedly involves the clearance of insoluble tau aggregates by aggrephagy receptors. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying both tau fibril formation and degradation remain largely elusive.

Method

We conducted comprehensive investigations, employing both in vivo and in vitro methodologies, to analyze the phase separation of TRIAD3A. Leveraging biochemical assays alongside IHC‐IF and CLEM, identified TRIAD3A as an autophagy adaptor. Employing the TRIAD3A‐TurboID proximity labeling strategy, coupled with CoIP techniques in both in vivo and in vitro settings, we elucidated the binding of TRIAD3A to Tau. Furthermore, employing a tauopathy mouse model, and conducting colocalization studies in human Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain tissue, we investigated the impact of TRIAD3A on tau homeostasis.

Result

Here, we report an RBR‐type E3 ligase TRIAD3A functions as an autophagy adaptor for tau. TRIAD3A(RNF216) is an essential gene with mutations causing age‐progressive neurodegeneration. Our studies reveal that TRIAD3A E3 ligase catalyzes mixed K11/K63 polyubiquitin chains and self assembles into liquid‐liquid phase separated (LLPS) droplets. Tau is ubiquitinated and accumulates within TRIAD3A LLPS droplets and via LC3 interacting regions targets tau for autophagic degradation. Unexpectedly, tau sequestered within TRIAD3A droplets rapidly converts to fibrillar aggregates without the transitional liquid phase of tau. In vivo studies reveal TRIAD3A decreases the accumulation of phosphorylated tau in a tauopathy mouse model, and disease‐associated mutation of TRIAD3A increases accumulation of phosphorylated tau, exacerbates gliosis, and increases pathological tau spreading. In human Alzheimer’s disease brain, TRIAD3A colocalizes with tau amyloid in multiple histological forms suggesting a role in tau proteostasis.

Conclusion

TRIAD3A is the first autophagic adaptor that utilizes E3‐ligase and LLPS as a mechanism to capture tau, thus preventing pathologic tau aggregation and spread.
Effects of a subject‐led social participation program to improve social well‐being of senior citizens in the community
Authors: Kim Inhye , An Hyunseo , Yun Sohyeon , Shin Jiwon , Yang Hyun , Park Hae Yean
Published: January 2025

Background

As populations age, fostering the social participation of older adults is crucial to addressing issues like isolation. This study introduced a subject‐led social participation program to encourage independent engagement among older adults, utilizing a custom‐designed menu of activities. The program’s impact on social well‐being was assessed to explore its practical application and identify potential improvements.

Method

The program was evaluated using a single‐group pre‐post design from February to April 2024. Participants included seniors aged 65 or older from small to medium cities, engaging in social activities less than three times a week, with independent mobility and normal cognitive function. Twelve sessions, each lasting 60‐90 minutes, were conducted over six weeks. Social well‐being improvements were measured using various scales, including SPF‐IL, the Quality of Life Scale for the Elderly, and the UCLA Loneliness Scale 3rd edition. Program activities were categorized into social, rules, and honor activities, each involving planning and implementation phases based on discussions and using the social participation menu.

Results

Four seniors participated in the study. The program positively changed social well‐being, self‐efficacy, and loneliness. Post‐program interviews aligned subjective experiences with observed improvements, indicating effective social integration and continued participation benefits.

Conclusion

The subject‐led program effectively enhances social well‐being, reduces loneliness, and increases self‐efficacy among older adults. Participants reported long‐lasting learning effects and a newfound sense of societal integration, suggesting the program could effectively engage older adults in traditionally perceived as youth‐oriented meaningful activities. However, the small sample size calls for further studies with more participants and a control group to confirm these findings and ensure broader applicability.
Deciphering the Role of Ubiquitination in Tauopathies
Authors: Vanparys Axelle A.T. , Zola Nathalie Kyalu Ngoie , Balty Clémence , Boyer Emilien , Vertommen Didier , Kienlen‐Campard Pascal , Hanseeuw Bernard J
Published: January 2025

Background

Tauopathies are defined as a group of heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by abnormal Tau protein accumulation in neurons and glial cells. The most common tauopathy is Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is responsible for 70% of cases dementia. The development of tauopathies is a multistep process probably driven by changes in the post‐translational modifications (PTMs) of Tau. Unfortunately, for almost all these diseases, no accurate differential diagnostic methods are available which exacerbates the need of identifying biomarkers or treatments for tauopathies. In addition to providing a better understanding of the pathophysiology of tauopathies, the study of PTMs seems well suitable for these aims. According to the literature and previous results from the lab, ubiquitination appears promising to identify biomarkers allowing the differentiation of tauopathies and to treat these pathologies. Therefore, this project aims to evaluate the predictive value of ubiquitination dysregulation in the tauopathies, as a tool for diagnosis and a mechanism of tau aggregation.

Method

To achieve our goal, we first segregated the soluble and insoluble brain protein fractions from brain of subjects with specific tauopathies (AD, Pick’s disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and corticobasal degeneration) and healthy subjects. Tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) was used to identify all the proteins present in the insoluble fractions using DDA (data dependent acquisition), as well as in the soluble fraction enriched in ubiquitinated proteins. The post‐analysis was performed using Proteome Discoverer software and the statistical analyses were done in R.

Result

This analysis allows the identification of an imbalance in proteins ubiquitination in the insoluble fraction of tauopathies brains. Moreover, the imbalance provides ubiquitin hallmarks associated to specific tauopathies. Finally, we also investigated Tau ubiquitination profile in these fractions.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that ubiquitination may be dysregulated in tauopathies, in which ubiquitinated tau accumulates. This could arise either from impairment of tau clearance in autophagy/lysosomal compartments, or as a consequence of altered proteasome function, well‐described in AD. The dysregulation of ubiquitination appearing in tauopathies underscores the potentially significant role of this post‐translational modification in the development of these pathologies.
Long‐Term Assessment of Career Outcomes among US‐based Participants in a Novel AD/ADRD Clinical Trial Training Program: the IMPACT‐AD Experience
Authors: Mastrolorenzo Margaret D , Carrillo Maria C. , Sperling Reisa A , Petersen Ronald C. , Aisen Paul S. , Snyder Heather M , Grill Joshua D , Raman Rema
Published: January 2025

Background

The Institute on Methods and Protocols for Advancement of Clinical Trials in Alzheimer’s Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) (IMPACT‐AD) is a novel multi‐disciplinary training program funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the Alzheimer’s Association for individuals seeking expertise in designing and conducting AD/ADRD trials. IMPACT‐AD offers a Professionals Track for investigators in a variety of trial roles and a Fellowship Track for future AD/ADRD clinical trial principal investigators.

Method

To evaluate long‐term training outcomes, alumni‐scholars from the 2020‐2022 courses (n = 109) were surveyed via REDCap in January 2024. Measured constructs encompassed alumni‐scholar retention in AD/ADRD trials, promotions received, project funding, and the status of the protocol developed during the course, including whether it had been funded, conducted, and published (Fellowship Track). Alumni‐scholars rated the extent to which the course facilitated their achievements (not at all, somewhat, very much).

Result

Of the 63 (58%) of alumni‐scholars who responded (48% Professional Track, 69% Fellowship Track), 44 (70%) were female. 21 (33%) identified as African American/Black, Asian, Multiracial or of another race; 7 (11%) self‐identified as Hispanic/Latino ethnicity. 5 (8%) identified as LGBTQ+. 12 (19%) indicated being first in their families to attend college.

Since program completion, 87% of survey participants maintained a career in ADRD clinical trials. A majority (63%) experienced a promotion or career advancement, with all indicating that IMPACT‐AD “somewhat” or “very much” contributed. Less than half of scholars (43%) had received project funding since IMPACT‐AD, but 74% of those had credited IMPACT‐AD at least somewhat for this achievement. Among the 34 Fellowship Track respondents, 15 (44%) indicated that the trial proposed at IMPACT‐AD had received funding, 14 (41%) reported its completion, and 5 (15%) had published its results. Nearly all respondents (%) reported assuming additional roles and responsibilities within their current title. In total, 92% of surveyed participants reported at least one positive change across all measured categories.

Conclusion

IMPACT‐AD is effectively fulfilling its goals of training, nurturing, and diversifying a next generation of AD/ADRD trialists.
KET‐MCI: An open‐label trial of single‐dose ketamine treatment to improve depression in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Fremont Rachel , Karim Amelia , Feder Adriana , Naasan Georges , Murrough James , Berman Julia
Published: January 2025

Background

The U.S. Population is older today than it has ever been. It is estimated that 12‐18% of people over the age of 60 have mild cognitive impairment (MCI). 35‐85% of individuals with MCI have neuropsychiatric symptom with the prevalence of depression alone being between 25‐40%. Unfortunately, evidence suggests that traditional antidepressant medications may be less effective for individuals with MCI and depression (MCI‐D). Therefore, there is a need to develop novel effective treatments for depression in MCI.

Method

The primary goal of this open‐label clinical trial is to explore whether a single sub‐anesthetic (0.5 mg/kg) dose of intravenous (IV) ketamine, an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker that has been shown to have a rapid and strong anti‐depressant effect in individuals with major depressive disorder, is safe and tolerable in individuals with MCI‐D. Participants receive a single infusion of ketamine with follow up 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 1 week, and 1 month after infusion. Other study outcomes include the Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the mini‐mental status exam (MMSE), blood‐based biomarkers, and neuroimaging.

Result

8 Individuals with MCI‐D have completed the single infusion, 5 have completed the study and 3 are in follow‐up. So far, no serious adverse events have been reported. Adverse events included transient hypertension during infusion, fall, anxiety, lightheadedness, brain fog, and headache. All participants completed the single infusion and no study participants have dropped out. 100% of participants responded to treatment, defined as 50% reduction in MADRS, at 24 hours (n = 8). Response rates at 1 week (n = 8) were 62% and at 1 month (n = 5) were 60%.

Conclusion

Sub‐anesthetic IV ketamine appears to be safe and tolerable in individuals with MCI‐D and may improve depressive symptoms. Larger randomized controlled studies should be performed to evaluate the utility of this treatment in individuals with MCI‐D.
Multiomic Characterization of Male and Female Aging Brain in Aromatase Deficiency Mice at Single‐Cell Resolution
Authors: Potluri Tanvi , Rodriguez Guadalupe , Dong Hongxin , Zhao Hong , Bulun Serdar E
Published: January 2025

Background

Aging and the decline in sex steroid hormone (e.g., estrogen) are associated with a potential loss of its neuroprotective effects on the female brain. Aromatase, a pivotal enzyme in the synthesis of estradiol (E2), is highly expressed in various brain regions, notably the hippocampus. However, how estrogen regulates brain function and how dysregulation of estrogen signaling modulates the risk of Alzheimer’s disease are not well understood. Furthermore, the mechanisms through which E2 modulates brain cell‐type specific transcriptomic and epigenetic changes, particularly in the context of aging and susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease, remain inadequately understood. Additionally, investigations into the effects of E2 on both male and female sexes are limited.

Method

In this study, we employed a brain‐specific aromatase knockout (bArKO) mouse model to examine the epigenetic and transcriptomic alterations in mouse brains characterized by E2 deficiency and aging. We performed single‐nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA‐seq) and Assay for Transposase‐Accessible Chromatin with sequencing (snATAC‐seq) at the same cells from the hippocampus of ∼20‐month‐old male and female bArKO mice and their wild‐type (WT) littermate controls (n = 3/sex/genotype).

Result

Overall, 77,200 nuclei were analyzed post quality control, annotating 32,285 genes. After dimension reduction, we obtained 23 clusters representing excitatory and inhibitory neurons, microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, ependymal cells, and perivascular macrophages. Four populations of Gad1
+ inhibitory neurons were observed: Sst
+, Vip1
+, Crispld1
+, and Cdh18
+. Conversely, eight populations of excitatory neurons were uncovered, with significant transcriptomic changes observed between WT and bArKO neurons. Pathway analysis revealed overrepresentation of dopamine secretion regulation and dendrite arborization in bArKO mice. Additionally, known sex‐specific genes were observed. Males predominantly expressed Eif2s3y and Uty while female mice showed higher expression of Tsix, Xist, and Jpx.

Conclusion

In summary, our study sheds light on the molecular and cellular alterations occurring in the hippocampus of aging mice with E2 deficiency, particularly focusing on the role of aromatase in modulating brain function. The identification of distinct neuronal populations and differential gene expression patterns between WT and bArKO mice highlights the complexity of E2‐mediated neuroprotection and its relevance in both sexes.
A Comprehensive Neurological Study on the Relationship Between Prolactinoma and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zid Mohamed Khaled Ali Mohamed Ali , El‐Satar Youssef M. Abd , Shahin Arwa Ayman Nagah Ahmed
Published: January 2025

Background

Although most pituitary tumors are benign, functioning pituitary tumors are dangerous as they produce and deteriorate the endocrine hormones. Prolactinomas are one of these tumors that arise from lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary, and they're about 40% of all pituitary adenomas. They secrete high levels of prolactin, which are normally inhibited by dopamine. So, in cases of excess prolactin secretion in prolactinoma, dopamine levels will be elevated as negative feedback. Also, the dopamine system plays a role in cognitive functions and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Method

We searched relevant articles through December 2023 in those electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycArticles, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; and additional searches for ongoing trials through ClinicalTrials.gov, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.

Result

Prolactinomas are found most frequently, with an estimated incidence rate of 10/100,000 person‐years in women of reproductive age. As prolactinomas are the leading pathological case of increasing levels of prolactin, prolactin at first self‐regulates by increasing dopamine release. But in high prolactin states, central dopaminergic neurons become refractory to prolactin, which won’t increase the dopamine level and quite the opposite the dopamine levels would decrease. Some findings suggest that reduced levels of dopamine are associated with AD. Therefore, higher levels of synaptic dopamine would delay the onset of AD. But lately, it has increased the risk of AD.

Conclusion

These results may suggest clarifying the relationship between dopamine levels in prolactinoma and the incidence of AD. So patients who are suffering from prolactinomas will have a lower risk factor of getting AD at first. But if they haven’t been treated by dopamine agonists or even surgically removal of the tumor, there will be a higher expectation for the occurrence of AD.
Efficacy of Emerging Digital Screening Tools in Detecting Cognitive Impairment Among Low Educational Elderly in Western China: A Community‐Based Study
Authors: zhang xiaonan , li yang
Published: January 2025

Background

This study investigated the efficacy of emerging digital screening tools for detecting cognitive impairment (CI) in a large community of elderly individuals with lower educational backgrounds.

Method

This community‐based cohort study included 1083 participants (age≥65 years), 337 of whom were diagnosed with CI (64.1%≤6 years). We utilized three types of tools: traditional tests (AD8 and MMSE), a digitally improved Mini‐Cog scale, and digital behavioral tools (gait and eye movement tests). We construct LightGBM machine learning models of different digital screening tools and their combinations and evaluate their performance. The correlation between each model’s top 10 key features and cognitive domain scores was analyzed.

Result

Emerging digital screening tools [AUC: eye movement (0.89)> digital Mini‐Cog (0.86)> gait (0.83)] showed promising efficacy in distinguishing CI from NC. The AUC of combination 1(digital Mini‐Cog & gait) was 0.89, and that of combination 2(eye movement & gait) was improved to 0.93. Combination 3 (eye movement & digital Mini‐Cog) achieved the highest classification efficacy (AUC = 0.96), with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity all above 83%. In the subgroup analysis (≤6 years), the AUC for eye movement in identifying CI decreased to 0.74. Different behavioral features reflected varying impairments across cognitive domains.

Conclusion

Emerging digital technologies offer objective, accurate, and efficient alternatives for CI detection, and are anticipated to replace traditional tests in community screenings. But the applicability of these tools in lower educational groups (≤6 years) should be cautious.
Contraceptive methods among families at risk for Early Onset Dementia: Related Factors in a Colombian Population
Authors: Becerra‐Mateus Juan Camilo , Vasquez Daniel , Zuluaga Maria , Rassi Sofia , Gómez Manuela , Quintero Juan Felipe , Andrade‐Villegas Angela M , Madrigal Lucia , Niño David Fernando Aguillón , Lopera Francisco
Published: January 2025

Background

The Alzheimer’s Disease Colombian kindred is the world’s largest autosomal dominant cohort with Early Onset Familiar Alzheimer’s Disease (EOAD) due to a single genetic variant. These families have been studied for decades, identifying the disease progression from early subclinical stages to late dementia stages. Such cognitive and functional decline impacts the mental and physical well‐being of families and caregivers and to our knowledge, how being part of these families affects reproductive desire and contraception has not been studied. Therefore, we aim to explore if sociodemographic data, exposure to the dementia progression of relatives, and knowledge about EOAD is associated with reproductive desire and contraceptive practices in the Colombian kindred.

Method

A cross‐sectional study using a web‐based questionnaire emphasizing socio‐economic status, educational background, relationship with affected relatives, knowledge about EOAD, reproductive health (marital status, number of children, desire to conceive), and contraception (and long‐acting contraceptive methods (LAC)), was sent to cognitively unimpaired individuals from the PSEN1‐E280A Colombian kindred. All responders were included (N = 191).

Result

Of all, 58.6% were female, age rank goes from 18 to 47 years, 87% had any contraceptive method, only 29% of the participants had LACs, 2.6% of the participants would like to have children even if they were PSEN1‐E280A carriers, and 94% of the participants were interested in being part of genetic counseling programs. The use of LACs was associated with being single and considering that having a family member with EOAD had a negative impact on them. Not wanting to have children or not wanting more children after an unwanted pregnancy was associated with having lived with an EOAD patient, having a higher knowledge of the disease, being single, and considering that having a family member with EOAD had a negative impact on them.

Conclusion

This exploratory study shows that the experience of being part of a family with EOAD can influence sexual and reproductive health. This may be mediated by knowledge about the disease and the experiences of each individual. Further studies on the effect of these factors and possible ways to intervene are needed.
Genetic Ablation of Sarm1 Mitigates Disease Acceleration after Traumatic Brain Injury in the SOD1G93A Transgenic Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Dogan Elif O. , Simonini Sean R. , Bouley James , Weiss Alexandra , Brown Robert H. , Henninger Nils
Published: January 2025

Objective

Approximately 20% of familial cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are caused by mutations in the gene encoding superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Epidemiological data have identified traumatic brain injury (TBI) as an exogenous risk factor for ALS; however, the mechanisms by which TBI may worsen SOD1 ALS remain largely undefined.

Methods

We sought to determine whether repetitive TBI (rTBI) accelerates disease onset and progression in the transgenic SOD1G93A mouse ALS model, and whether loss of the primary regulator of axonal degeneration sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (Sarm1) mitigates the histological and behavioral pathophysiology. We subjected wild‐type (n = 23), Sarm1 knockout (KO; n = 17), SOD1G93A (n = 19), and SOD1G93AxSarm1KO (n = 26) mice of both sexes to rTBI or sham surgery at age 64 days (62–68 days). Body weight and ALS‐deficit score were serially assessed up to 17 weeks after surgery and histopathology assessed in layer V of the primary motor cortex at the study end point.

Results

In sham injured SOD1G93A mice, genetic ablation of Sarm1 did not attenuate axonal loss, improve neurological deficits, or survival. The rTBI accelerated onset of G93A‐SOD1 ALS, as indicated by accentuated body weight loss, earlier onset of hindlimb tremor, and shortened survival. The rTBI also triggered TDP‐43 mislocalization, enhanced axonal and neuronal loss, microgliosis, and astrocytosis. Loss of Sarm1 significantly diminished the impact of rTBI on disease progression and rescued rTBI‐associated neuropathology.

Interpretation

SARM1‐mediated axonal death pathway promotes pathogenesis after TBI in SOD1G93A mice suggesting that anti‐SARM1 therapeutics are a viable approach to preserve neurological function in injury‐accelerated G93A‐SOD1 ALS. ANN NEUROL 2025
Construction of Covalent Triazine Framework With D‐A1‐A2 Configuration via Post‐Modification for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yang Yong , He Wei , Song Dengmeng , Xie Fang , Li Jiaying , Li Jun , Wang Ning
Published: January 2025

A D‐A1‐A2 type covalent triazine framework (CTF) was prepared for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (HER). In the resulting CTF‐CZ‐Bpy2+, 9‐ethyl‐9H‐carbazole (CZ) group is used as the donor, triazine ring as the first acceptor, and cyclic diquat (Bpy2+) moiety as the second acceptor. Both experimental and theoretical results show that the D‐A1‐A2 structure significantly enhances the efficiency of photogenerated charge separation and transfer. As a result, CTF‐CZ‐Bpy2+ demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic HER activity with a yield rate of 31.1 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 7.8 times higher than that of nonfunctionalized CTF‐CZ‐Bpy.
Nitrilotriacetic Acid Assisted Preparation of NiCo Bimetallic Nitride/N‐Doped Carbon for Supercapacitor Electrode
Authors: Zhu Maiyong , Zhang Xun , Yang Yu , Luo Qiao , Li Songjun
Published: January 2025

Transition metal nitride has been proved to be an ideal supercapacitor electrode material, and how to synthesize high‐performance transition metal nitride‐based materials rapidly and stably becomes critical. Here, we complexed the polydentate organic small molecule nitrilotriacetic acid with the transition metals Ni2+ and Co2+ and nitrided them by pyrolysis of urea. Considering the influence of the structure and morphology of the material on its energy storage properties, we further added sodium citrate to the system to study its effect on the morphology and properties of the complex. The composite (Ni‐Co‐N/NC) prepared under the optimal sodium citrate addition has a high specific capacitance of 610 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, and the specific capacitance remains at 84.4% of the initial capacitance after 5000 cycles at 5 A g−1, which shows excellent cycling stability. The maximum energy density of the hybrid capacitor (Ni‐Co‐N/NC//AC ASC) assembled with activated carbon was 21.1 Wh·kg−1 at a power density of 250 W·kg−1, which shows a promising application in the field of energy storage.
Covalent Deposition of Diels–Alder Reaction on Polyester Fiber Surface and Its Enhancement Mechanism on SBS‐Modified Asphalt
Authors: Ren Denghui , Fan Shencheng , He Lu , Liu Yu , Deng Shilin , Luo Yating , Wang Peihui , Jin Xin , Li Jing
Published: January 2025

Polyester (PET) fibers offer excellent chemical stability, mechanical strength, and high‐temperature tolerance, making them promising for asphalt applications. However, their smooth, chemically inert surface limits interfacial bonding with asphalt, reducing the overall performance. To address this, a mild covalent deposition method was employed, utilizing a polydopamine and furfuryl amine crosslinking reaction to incorporate furan groups on PET fibers. This enabled the formation of a dense Diels–Alder (D–A) reactive crosslinking layer. Characterization revealed that this layer increased surface roughness, free energy, and active functional groups, improving wetting and interlocking with asphalt. Rheological tests showed enhanced performance in styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)‐modified asphalt composites, with a 7.73% increase in G* at 46°C and an 81.94% improvement in adhesion. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the enhanced interfacial interactions between DA‐PET fibers and SBS‐modified asphalt, providing insight into the mechanism behind the improvements. This study presents a novel approach for optimizing PET fiber performance in asphalt materials.
Controllable Fabrication of MnCo2O4@Polypyrrole@MXene Ternary Composites for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Cheng Shaojuan , Jia Rufeng , Yin Baolin , Shang Weipo , Liu Shaobing
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, excessive microwave radiation has become one of the urgent factors affecting human health. To solve the negative effects, electromagnetic wave‐absorbing materials have gradually become indispensable applications. Here, MnCo2O4@polypyrrole (PPy)@MXene (MPM) ternary composites are successfully synthesized by the combination of hydrothermal synthesis, high‐temperature sintering, in situ polymerization method, and low‐temperature freeze drying. The synergistic effect between dielectric loss and magnetic loss of MnCo2O4, Ppy, and MXene is studied in detail, showing the prepared composites have excellent absorption properties. MPM‐1 exhibits minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −62.99 dB at 16.04 GHz under the ultra‐thin thickness (1.21 mm, 50 wt%), and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 3.94 GHz (13.44–17.38 GHz) at 1.28 mm (50 wt%). The prepared MPM composites have ultra‐thin thickness, wide absorption bandwidth, and excellent microwave absorption properties, which are ascribed to the combination of dielectric loss, magnetic loss, and multiple reflection and scattering effects of core–shell structure. These composites can be used as a significant electromagnetic wave absorbing material, and provide a new research idea for the application of ternary composite materials in electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.
Historical rainstorm in Hong Kong on 7–8 September 2023: Diagnosis, forecasting and nowcasting
Authors: Tam Hiu Ching , He Yu‐Heng , Chan Pak Wai , Yu Shiwei , Mo Huisi , Su Hui , Hsiao Ling‐Feng , Gong Yangzhao
Published: January 2025

On 7–8 September 2023, Hong Kong was hit by a historical and record‐breaking rainstorm associated with the remnant of Tropical Cyclone Haikui (2311). The hourly rainfall recorded at the Hong Kong Observatory Headquarters once reached 158.1 mm, the highest since record began in 1884. The 24‐h rainfall even exceeded 600 mm in some parts of the territory. The historical rainstorm resulted in heavy flooding and landslides, bringing significant societal impact to Hong Kong. This paper aims to review this unprecedented heavy rain event from the aspects of diagnosis, forecasting and nowcasting. Early indicators of such events over Hong Kong with substantial lead time are limited from the dynamics and thermodynamics consideration, the numerical weather prediction models, given the present technology. The only indication may come from the climatologically extreme total precipitable water. While recent research of developing a regional risk‐based alerting system on the higher impact event of flooding associated with heavy rain might have potential to enhance the weather service, and emerging AI model showed some promising post‐simulations, predicting historical and record‐breaking rainstorms remains a challenge for operational weather forecasting and warning services.
Raindrop size distribution variability associated with size‐dependent advection in convective precipitation systems
Authors: Okazaki Megumi , Yamaguchi Kosei , Yanase Tomoro , Nakakita Eiichi
Published: January 2025

Raindrop size distribution (DSD) is fundamental for understanding precipitation processes. This study utilized a two‐dimensional simulation with bin cloud microphysics parameterizations to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of DSDs owing to the influence of mesoscale circulation associated with the precipitation system. The simulated multicellular convection went through developing, mature, and dissipating stages, with updraft weakening and rainfall area expanding through these stages. The width of the DSD narrowed as rainfall weakened. In addition, a significant bimodal DSD was observed during the dissipating stage. Furthermore, we investigated the spatial distribution of the number density of raindrops corresponding to the maximum, local minimum, and local maximum of the significant bimodal DSD in the dissipating stage. According to the results, the raindrops constituting the maximum, local minimum, and local maximum followed different advection processes. This size‐dependent advection effect may have contributed to the bimodal DSD formation.
Systemic T‐cell and local macrophage interactions mediate granule size‐dependent biological hydroxyapatite foreign body reaction
Authors: Lin Yixiong , Zou Yang , Yang Jieting , Han Zongpu , Guo Xinyu , Gao Xiaomeng , Xu Jieyun , Gong Zhuohong , Li Ruizhi , Li Zhipeng , Huang Baoxin , Xiao Yin , Deng Feilong , Chen Zetao
Published: January 2025

Biological hydroxyapatite (BHA) has been widely used in alveolar bone augmentation, while unfavorable outcomes can still be encountered. Among several reasons, we noticed a chaotic granule size application issue. The principle behind the choice of proper granule size mainly lies in the fitness of defect shape and size. However, granule size has been shown to elicit significant biological effects, with the underlying mechanisms still unknown. BHA granules of five different sizes were first prepared and characterized to investigate their biological effects. We found that the biomimetic porous structure of BHA gradually disappeared with decreasing size, affecting the structure of the blood clot fibrin network, leading to different local immune microenvironments and foreign body reactions (FBRs). Among them, <0.2 mm BHA granules completely lost their biomimetic porous structure and their fibrin network was loosened with strong immune response and strongest FBR. We found Gata3 (+)/Nfat3 (+) Th2 cells were recruited from activated systemic immune organs, inducing CD206 (+)/CD163 (low) M2 macrophages through direct contact with Ptprc‐Mrc1, thereby promoting their fusion to form foreign body giant cells leading to strong FBR. This study expanded the understanding of the size effect of BHA granules from a biological perspective and unveiled the mechanisms of systemic immune towards BHA mediated FBR, providing regulatory targets to improve bone regeneration outcomes.
The Association Between the Onset and Ending of Volunteering on Loneliness and Perceived Social Isolation Among Older Adults: Longitudinal Evidence From the German Ageing Survey
Authors: Richardson Avery , König Hans‐Helmut , Hajek André
Published: January 2025

Background

Existing literature explores the relationship between voluntary work, loneliness, and social isolation, but there is a lack of research on how the onset and cessation of voluntary work relate to loneliness and social isolation among older adults. Many in this population may discontinue volunteering due to various life circumstances, making it important to investigate the longitudinal significance of these transitions. This study aims to assess whether engaging in volunteer work during retirement age is associated with changes in loneliness and social isolation.

Methods

Longitudinal data were obtained from Waves 5 (Year 2014) and 6 (Year 2017) of the German Ageing Survey, focusing on middle‐aged and older adults. The sample size (n = 6628) was limited to those aged 65 and above. Two groups were analyzed: the onset group, individuals who did not volunteer in 2014 but did by 2017 (188 individuals), and the cessation group, those who volunteered in 2014 but not by 2017 (307 individuals). Loneliness was assessed using the De Jong Gierveld tool, and perceived social isolation was measured using the Bude and Lantermann instrument. Asymmetric linear fixed effects (FE) regression analysis examined the associations.

Results

In an asymmetric FE regression analysis that adjusted for a multitude of time‐varying covariates, an association was shown between the onset of volunteer work and decreases in loneliness (β = −0.07; p = 0.04) in older adults. In contrast, there was no significant association between the onset of voluntary work and changes in perceived social isolation. Also, there was no significant association between the cessation of volunteer work and changes in perceived social isolation or loneliness.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that older adults who choose to volunteer may experience a decrease in self‐reported loneliness. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our present findings.
Pandemic or “Plandemic”?: The Mediating Role of Epistemic Justification Strategies in the Relationship Between COVID‐19 Conspiracy Beliefs and COVID‐19 Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs
Authors: Gökalp Ali , Üztemur Servet , Huang Po‐Ching , Kartol Aslı , Tsai Hsin‐Chi , Dinç Erkan , Griffiths Mark D. , Lin Chung‐Ying
Published: January 2025

Background

In today's post‐truth times, where personal feelings and beliefs have become increasingly important, determining what is accurate knowledge has become an important skill. This is especially important during uncertainty crises (e.g., epidemics and pandemics) because alternative explanations other than scientific knowledge may be disseminated vigorously. Epistemic justification concerns how and in what way the truth of knowledge claims is justified and the criteria for knowledge to be true and/or a fact. Given this backdrop, the present study examined how individuals reacted to conspiracies in an uncertainty crisis (using the COVID‐19 pandemic as an example).

Aim

The mediating role of epistemic justification was investigated regarding its relationship between COVID‐19 conspiracy beliefs and COVID‐19 vaccine conspiracy beliefs.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted incorporating a multifactorial correlational design. Using convenience sampling, 690 participants (55.7% females, Mage = 32.24 years, SD = 9.75) from different regions of Türkiye completed an online survey via Google Forms.

Results

The results demonstrated a strong and statistically significant correlation between beliefs in COVID‐19 conspiracy theories and beliefs in COVID‐19 vaccination conspiracy theories. The mediating effects of justification by authority and personal justification were statistically significant between COVID‐19 conspiracy beliefs and COVID‐19 vaccine conspiracy theories.

Conclusion

Using the COVID‐19 pandemic as an example, the present results indicated the complex relationships between conspiracy beliefs and epistemic justification. The present results indicate the importance of authorities in taking early action to provide scientific evidence and information to the public to avoid individuals believing false information.
Artificial intelligence‐enabled innovations in cochlear implant technology: Advancing auditory prosthetics for hearing restoration
Authors: Zhang Guodao , Chen Rui , Ghorbani Hamzeh , Li Wanqing , Minasyan Arsen , Huang Yideng , Lin Sen , Shao Minmin
Published: January 2025

This comprehensive review explores the implications of artificial intelligence (AI) in addressing cochlear implant (CI) issues and revolutionizing the landscape of auditory prosthetics. It begins with an overview of ear anatomy and hearing loss, then explores a review of CI technology and its current challenges. The review emphasizes how advanced AI algorithms and data‐driven approaches enhance CI adaptability and functionality, enabling personalized rehabilitation strategies and improving speech enhancement. It highlights diverse AI applications in auditory rehabilitation, including real‐time adaptive control mechanisms and cognitive hearing assistants that help users manage their auditory health. By outlining innovative pathways and future directions for AI‐enhanced CIs, the paper sets the stage for a transformative shift in auditory prosthetics, aiming to improve the quality of life for individuals with hearing loss.
Concomitant Usage of H1‐Antihistamines and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors on Cancer Patient Survival
Authors: Leung Yin , Yip Terry Cheuk‐Fung , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Hui Vicki Wing‐Ki , Mok Tony Shu‐Kam , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Chan Stephen Lam , Lui Rashid Nok‐Shun
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Recent research (Li et al. 2021) suggests an upregulated expression and activation of H1 receptors on macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, and concomitant H1‐antihistamine use is associated with improved overall survival in patients with lung and skin cancers receiving immunotherapy. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the impacts of H1‐antihistamine use in cancer patients during immunotherapy.

Methods

All patients who had received at least one dose of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) from July 1, 2014 to October 31, 2019 were identified from Hong Kong's territory‐wide database, with this date defined as the baseline. A 1‐month landmark analysis was conducted with follow–for up to 6 months, including an exposure period of 1 month before and after the baseline date. Patients were grouped according to the types of primary cancer and the percentages of daily H1‐antihistamine usage within the exposure period. The primary outcome was overall survival.

Results

A total of 1740 (65.1% male, mean age 61.9 years) were included in the landmark analysis, of which 529 (30.4%) and 307 (17.6%) had primary lung and liver malignancies. The multivariable Cox regression model estimated statistically significant improvement in overall survival of intermediate use in patients with primary lung malignancies (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.223, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.052–0.958, p = 0.044), but not with primary liver maligancies. Similar frequency‐dependent effects were identified in Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Conclusion

The benefits of adjunctive use of H1‐antihistamines may be generation‐ and tumor‐dependent. Further clinical and mechanistic studies are required to confirm the findings.
Nano‐Formulated Pyraclostrobin With Iron Bismuthide Enhances Efficient Utilization of Active Ingredient and Improves Biosafety
Authors: Huang Fengcheng , Zhang Tianyu , Zhu Lisong , Wang Hongye , Zhao Yanjun , Wang Zejian , Huang Qingchun
Published: January 2025

The widespread application of pyraclostrobin (PYR), an important strobilurin fungicide with low utilization efficiency, urgently requires optimization for sustainable agriculture. In this study, nanoformulated PYR with nano‐iron bismuthide (FeBi) was successfully prepared via flash nanoprecipitation, yielding spherical PYR/FeBi nanoparticles (NPs, Φ120 nm) with stable drug loading capacity (67.9%) and controlled release. These NPs exhibited enhanced anti‐Botrytis activity in vitro and superior in vivo performance. On tomato leaves, PYR/FeBi NPs at 80 µg/mL achieved greater than 90% curative and protective efficacy against Botrytis cinerea infection and significantly mitigated lesion expansion, surpassing commercial PYR suspension concentrate (SC) at equivalent concentrations. On tomato seedlings, PYR/FeBi NPs significantly reduced gray mold disease by 89%, compared to 67% with PYR SC at the same concentration. The mechanism underlying this enhanced activity involved stronger disruption of mitochondrial metabolism, including acetylation process, oxalate production, and damage to mycelia and conidia. Further, PYR/FeBi NPs displayed reduced cytotoxicity on human Hek293 and Chinese hamster V79 cells compared to PYR SC. The results highlighted the biocompatibility and potential of PYR/FeBi NPs for efficient utilization of active ingredients in sustainable agriculture.
Interplay between Cα Methylation and Cα Stereochemistry in the Folding Energetics of a Helix‐Rich Miniprotein
Authors: Harmon Thomas W. , Lin Yuhan , Sutton Ryen T. , Osborne Shane W. J. , Seth Horne W.
Published: January 2025

The α‐helix is an abundant and functionally important element of protein secondary structure, which has motivated intensive efforts toward chemical strategies to stabilize helical folds. One such method is the incorporation of non‐canonical backbone composition through an additional methyl substituent at the Cα atom. Examples of monomers include the achiral 2‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) with geminal dimethyl substitution and chiral analogues with one methyl and one non‐methyl substituent. While Aib and chiral Cα‐Me residues are both established helix promoting moieties, their comparative ability in this regard has not been quantitatively investigated. Addressing this gap would help to inform the use of these building blocks in the construction of peptide and protein mimetics as well as provide fundamental insights into consequences of backbone methylation on folding. Here, we report a quantitative comparison of the impacts of Aib and chiral αMe residues on the high‐resolution folded structure and folding thermodynamics of a small helical protein. These results reveal a synergistic stabilizing effect arising from the presence of Cα methylation in conjunction with a Cα stereocenter.
Defining Thresholds for Meaningful Health Status Changes Following Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting
Authors: Kluger Jonathan , Romain Gaëlle , Mena‐Hurtado Carlos , Grubman Scott , Pajarillo Carmen , Cleman Jacob , Scierka Lindsey , Smolderen Kim G.
Published: January 2025

Background

Evaluating health status changes following transfemoral carotid artery stenting (TF‐CAS) is essential for assessing procedural success, but meaningful clinical changes are unknown. We aimed to determine minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) and quantify health status improvement or worsening rates after TF‐CAS using the Stenting and Angioplasty with Protection in Patients at High Risk for Endarterectomy (SAPPHIRE) registry data.

Methods

The SAPPHIRE registry included patients undergoing TF‐CAS from 2010 to 2014 for both symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Baseline and 30‐day health status were assessed using the SF‐36 (2010–2012) for mental and physical component scores (MCS and PCS) and the EQ‐5D (2012–2014) for 3 L Index and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores. For each score, we calculated the 30‐day distribution‐based MCID (0.5*standard deviations of baseline health status) by symptom status and the overall cohort (symptom‐weighted MCIDs). The changes were then categorized as improved, deteriorated, or unchanged based on these MCIDs.

Results

Health status was assessed using the EQ‐5D in 3930 patients and the SF‐36 in 3018 patients (27.7% and 30.5% symptomatic, respectively). The MCIDs by symptom status were close, hence weighted MCIDs of 0.09 (Index), 11.00 (VAS), 4.70 (PCS), and 5.40 (MCS) were established. Across all subscales, 21.2%–26.1% of patients improved, 10.5%–16.7% worsened, and 57.2%–66.1% unchanged.

Conclusions

We established thresholds for meaningful health status changes after TF‐CAS using common generic instruments. At 30 days after TF‐CAS, 70%–80% of patients no change or worsened, while 20%–30% improved. Carotid artery disease‐specific instrument would provide better insights into of TF‐CAS effects on health status.
Grade III of Blunt Thoracic Aortic Injury and Duodenal Perforation due to Multiple Trauma; Which Is Priority? A Case Report
Authors: Malekpour Alamdari Nasser , Ansari Iman , Askarpour Hamed , Abbasi Maryam
Published: January 2025

Perforation of the duodenum after trauma has a low incidence and its coincidence with BTAI is very rare. The clinical condition of the patient is very important for deciding the treatment priority. In this patient, considering the stable condition and degree of aorta injury, we chose TEVAR before laparotomy.
Managing Large Perforated Internal Root Resorption With Partial Pulpectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Asgary Saeed
Published: January 2025

Internal root resorption (IRR) is a complex and often asymptomatic dental condition that can severely compromise tooth vitality and function. This case report presents the successful management of a perforated large IRR lesion in a 49‐year‐old female using an ultraconservative approach involving partial pulpectomy (PP) using calcium‐enriched mixture (CEM) cement. The patient, initially presenting with an asymptomatic resorptive lesion in her left first premolar, underwent ultraconservative PP following diagnosis via conventional radiography and cone beam computed tomography. Despite encountering excessive bleeding during treatment, the tampon technique using CEM cement allowed reasonable hemostasis and effective sealing of the pulp stump, facilitating the preservation of tooth structure. Follow‐up at 2 weeks and 2 years showed positive outcomes, including cessation of the resorptive process and normal periodontal health. This case demonstrates the efficacy of vital pulp therapy, specifically partial pulpectomy, in managing advanced IRR and underscores the potential for tooth preservation and long‐term stability through an ultraconservative approach.