bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression, Anxiety and Sleep Alterations in Caregivers of Persons With Dementia After 1-Year of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bussè Cinzia , Barnini Teresa , Zucca Milena , Rainero Innocenzo , Mozzetta Stefano , Zangrossi Andrea , Cagnin Annachiara
Published: February 2022

Background

Social isolation due to COVID-19 pandemic has an important psychological impact particularly in persons with dementia and their informal caregivers.

Aim

To assess frequency and severity of long-term stress-related symptoms in caregivers of patients with dementia 1-year after the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic and to identify predictors of psychological outcomes.

Methods

Eighty-five caregivers were involved in a longitudinal study with 1-year follow-up during pandemic in Italy. At baseline in April 2020 a telephone interview assessed socio-demographic characteristics of caregivers and self-perception of distress symptoms. After 1 year, between March and April 2021, the same standardized interview was delivered to the caregivers' sample. In addition, scales assessing levels of depression and anxiety (DASS-21), sleep disturbances (PSQI) and coping strategies (COPE-NVI) were administered to the caregivers and to 50 age and sex-matched non-caregivers subjects. Linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the power of baseline variables to predict long-term psychological outcomes.

Results

After 1 year of pandemic frequency of caregivers' stress-related symptoms increased respect to baseline: depression (60 vs. 5, 9%; p < 0.001), anxiety (45, 9 vs. 29, 4%; p = 0.035), irritability (49, 4 vs. 24, 7%; p < 0.001), and anguish (31, 7 vs. 10, 6%; p < 0.001). Frequency of severe depression was higher in caregivers than in non-caregivers (p = 0.002) although mean levels of depression were comparable in the two groups. Long-term higher depression was predicted by a model built on baseline information (r2 = 0.53, p < 0.001) where being female (t = −3.61, p < 0.001), having lower education (t = −2.15, p = 0.04), presence of feelings of overwhelm (t = 2.29, p = 0.02) and isolation (t = 2.12, p = 0.04) were significant predictors. Female sex was also predictive of anxiety (t = −2.7, p = 0.01) and poor sleep quality (t = −2.17, p = 0.03).

Discussion

At 1 year follow-up caregivers of patients with dementia reported higher prevalence of all stress-related symptoms respect to the acute phase of lockdown, particularly depression. Long-lasting stressful conditions may cause exhaustion of resilience factors and increased depression. Planning interventions should support caregivers to enable them to continue with their role during pandemic.
The Impact of Incentives on Job Performance, Business Cycle, and Population Health in Emerging Economies
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Yaoping
Published: February 2022

In the past, different researchers have conducted studies on incentives and how they are linked to employee motivation, influencing emerging economies. This study addresses two gaps as outlined in previous studies. One research gap exists in examining employee loyalty and employee engagement in relation to the business cycle. The other gap is observed in the recommendation that future researchers use different moderators between incentives, the health of employees, and job performance with population health. This focus was explored in the present study by identifying the responses of hospitals and physicians to the business cycle to examine the impact of incentives on job performance and health of workers in public and private sector hospitals in Shandong, Eastern China. Data were collected in the form of questionnaires that consisted of close-ended questions. These questionnaires were then filled out by 171 doctors and 149 nurses working in both public and private sectors in Shandong, Eastern China. The results showed that there is a relation between different variables. Some variables have more impact on other variables such as transformational leadership, which has a significant impact on the job performance and business cycle, whereas monetary incentives also impact job performance and population health, but this impact was lower than that of transformational leadership in terms of how job performance influences emerging economies.
Factors Associated With Underprivileged E-Learning, Session Jam Phobia, and the Subsequent Mental Distress Among Students Following the Extended University Closure in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Jamal , Ahmmed Foyez , Sarker Md. Moklesur Rahman , Sarwar Sneha , Bari Md. Sazzadul , Khan Md. Robin , Shahriar Saimon , Rafi Md. Oliullah , Emran Talha Bin , Mitra Saikat , Islam Md. Rabiul , Mohamed Isa Naina
Published: February 2022

Severe session jam phobia (SJP), the extent of underprivileged online education, and subsequent mental health disorders among students have emerged as distinguished global problems due to the overwhelming effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of extended COVID-19 lockdown and its mediating factors on current e-Learning activities, the prevalence of severe SJP and psychological distress among university students in Bangladesh. A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assemble responses through Google Form by applying a simple snowball sampling technique among university students aged 18 years or above in Bangladesh. All ethical considerations were maintained, and univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were employed to analyze the acquired data set. Among the total analyzed data (n = 1,122), the male and female ratio was almost 1:1, and a remarkable segment (63.7%) was aged between 21–24 years. Alarmingly, around 50–60% of the students were suffering from severe SJP, prevailing underprivileged education in the e-Learning platform, and severe mental distress. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the students from public universities, lower- and mid-income families, lower-aged, and junior years education groups were significantly (p < 0.05) more underprivileged than their counter groups. Besides, the monthly family income and university type significantly influenced the extent of severe SJP. Finally, the students who were female, rustic, come from low-income families (below 25,000 BDT), who had academic uncertainty, job insecurity, online exam phobia, and dissatisfaction with e-Learning education, were significantly suffering from moderate to severe mental distress. The current evidence demonstrates that a substantial number of Bangladeshi university students are struggling with extreme session jam phobia, underprivileged e-Learning education, and subsequent psychological distress, which need to be immediately addressed through concerted efforts by the government, parents, and university authorities.
Metabolic Phenotyping Predicts Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Chemosensitivity in Patients With Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Suksawat Manida , Phetcharaburanin Jutarop , Klanrit Poramate , Namwat Nisana , Khuntikeo Narong , Titapun Attapon , Jarearnrat Apiwat , Vilayhong Vanlakhone , Sa-ngiamwibool Prakasit , Techasen Anchalee , Wangwiwatsin Arporn , Mahalapbutr Panupong , Li Jia V. , Loilome Watcharin
Published: February 2022

Gemcitabine and cisplatin serve as appropriate treatments for patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Our previous study using histoculture drug response assay (HDRA), demonstrated individual response patterns to gemcitabine and cisplatin. The current study aimed to identify predictive biomarkers for gemcitabine and cisplatin sensitivity in tissues and sera from patients with CCA using metabolomics. Metabolic signatures of patients with CCA were correlated with their HDRA response patterns. The tissue metabolic signatures of patients with CCA revealed the inversion of the TCA cycle that is evident with increased levels of citrate and amino acid backbones as TCA cycle intermediates, and glucose which corresponds to cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. The protein expression levels of CSC markers were examined on tissues and showed the significantly inverse association with the responses of patients to cisplatin. Moreover, the elevation of ethanol level was observed in gemcitabine- and cisplatin-sensitive group. In serum, a lower level of glucose but a higher level of methylguanidine was observed in the gemcitabine-responders as non-invasive predictive biomarker for gemcitabine sensitivity. Collectively, our findings indicate that these metabolites may serve as the predictive biomarkers in clinical practice which not only predict the chemotherapy response in patients with CCA but also minimize the adverse effect from chemotherapy.
Detection of Homologous Blood Transfusion in Sport Doping by Flow Cytofluorimetry: State of the Art and New Approaches to Reduce the Risk of False-Negative Results
Authors: Donati Francesco , de la Torre Xavier , Pagliarosi Sarajane , Pirri Daniela , Prevete Giuliana , Botrè Francesco
Published: February 2022

This article presents the results of a study aimed to give new suggestions and strategies for improving the implementation of the flow cytofluorimetry-based method for the detection of homologous blood transfusions in doping control. The method is based on the recognition of the phenotypic mismatch between minority blood group antigens possessed by the donor and the recipient. Two strategies have been followed to reduce the risk of false-negative results: (i) the monitoring of a broader range of erythrocytes surface antigens; and (ii) the application of different surface erythrocyte staining protocols, tailored on the different antigens and the type of antigenic mismatch that had to be detected (whether it is the donor or the recipient who expresses or not the antigen to be detected). Special attention has also been focused on the time factor, to avoid prolonged sample storage, since hemolysis may have a significant impact on the reliability and quality of the results. Our experimental evidence suggests that the risk of false-negative results can be minimized by (i) the expansion of the antigen panel, with the inclusion of four additional targets; (ii) a more accurate selection of the gating area of the red blood cells; (iii) the choice of a better fluorochrome (alexa fluor 488) to be conjugated to the secondary antibody; and (iv) the implementation of different staining protocols depending on the nature of the double population to be detected (donor expressing vs. recipient non-expressing and vice versa). The combination of the above approaches allowed a significant reduction of false-negative results, assessed on samples simulating a homologous blood transfusion between two compatible subjects.
The Effect of Endotoxin on the Intestinal Mucus Layer in Non- and Post-pregnancy Mice
Authors: Yan Dujian , Qiang Yuyun , Tian Tian , Lu Dezhang , Wu Chenchen
Published: February 2022

The intestine is the most extensive storage organ of bacteria and endotoxins, and the mucosal immune system is the first barrier of the intestine. Mucin-2 (MUC2) is the major component of the mucus layers. In this study, we explored whether MUC2 plays a role in how lipopolysaccharide (LPS) invades the fetus from the gut to the uterus in pregnant mice. The results showed that the LPS levels of the ileum, colon, and uterus were significantly increased, and the content of secretory IgA (sIgA) in the ileum, colon, and uterus tissues was significantly decreased in the LPS(+) group on the 35th day after LPS treatment. On the 16th day of pregnancy, compared with the LPS(-) group, the level of ileum LPS was significantly decreased, and the content of LPS in the fetus was significantly increased in the LPS(+) group. The sIgA content in the fetus was significantly decreased in the uterus and placenta. The expression of MUC2 in the uterus, ileum, and colon was increased significantly in the LPS(+) group, especially in the uterus. It is suggested that endotoxins accumulate in the uterus during non-pregnancy. The high expression of MUC2 in the uterus can prevent LPS from translocating into uterine tissue. After pregnancy, MUC2 still protects uterine tissue, allowing a large amount of LPS to enter the fetal body through blood circulation. Therefore, the level of sIgA significantly decreased, resulting in a decline in fetal innate immune function.
Feline Heartworm in Clinical Settings in a High Canine Prevalence Area
Authors: Alberigi Bruno , Campos Diefrey Ribeiro , Branco Aline Serricella , Bendas Alexandre , Brum Rodrigo Pereira , Calixto Raquel , Alves Leucio Câmara , Pinheiro Júnior Jose Wilton , Knackfuss Fabiana Batalha , Labarthe Norma , Levy Julie K. , Mendes-de-Almeida Flavya
Published: February 2022

Heartworm (HTW) infection in cats is associated with persistent pulmonary pathology, even when clinical signs are absent. Treatment options for cats are limited once infected, making prevention an important topic for discussion with cat owners. In Brazil, tests to detect feline HTW infections are unavailable, likely leading to an underestimation of its impact on the wellbeing of cats. The present study investigated the seroprevalence of HTW antigen in cats living in an area with high canine HTW prevalence and investigated risk factors and clinical signs associated with HTW disease in cats from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Clinical examinations were conducted, and serological evaluations performed with a point-of-care test (SNAP® Feline Triple® Test, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.). A total of 586 cats were examined. The HTW antigen seroprevalence was 1.2%. Heartworm positive results were significantly associated with vomiting and abnormal lung sounds. Results from this study indicate that cats residing in areas of high canine HTW prevalence should have HTW disease as a differential diagnosis when presenting with compatible clinical signs. Veterinarians should prioritize client education and promote regular use of effective prophylaxis to protect feline health.
Expression of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in the Human Thymus Along T Cell Development
Authors: Passos Vânia , Pires Ana R. , Foxall Russell B. , Nunes-Cabaço Helena , Sousa Ana E.
Published: February 2022

Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) constitute up to 8% of the human genome and have been emerging as important modulators of the immune system, being associated with cancer, autoimmunity and infectious diseases. Here, we investigated the expression of three HERV families in the human thymus. HERV-K, -W, and -R envelope (env) and HERV-Kgagtranscriptional levels were quantified in the main thymocyte subsets, thymic epithelial cells (TECs), B cells and myeloid populations, and Env protein expression was studied in thymic tissue. We found that HERV mRNA decreased with T cell development, which was in agreement with the identification of HERV-K Env protein in CD3 negative cortical cells. These results suggest a distinct regulation of HERV expression along T cell development, prompting us to evaluate the interplay with host restriction factors and potential underlying pathways. The transcriptional levels of some HERVs were found to positively correlate with the expression of the host restriction factors APOBEC3G and SLFN11, and, conversely, a negative correlation was found with SAMHD1. Moreover, IFN-α and IFN-γ induced the upregulation of HERV-Kenvandgagin purified CD4 single-positive thymocytes. Additionally, we found high levels of HERV mRNAs in TECs. Overall, our data support a tight regulation of HERV expression during human T cell development, with possible implications for the process of T cell selection.
Data Fitting with Rational Functions: Scaled Null Space Method with Applications of Fitting Large Scale Shocks on Economic Variables and S-Parameters
Authors: Hoxha Indrit , Meklachi Taoufik
Published: February 2022

Curve fitting discrete data (x, y) with a smooth function is a complex problem when faced with sharply oscillating data or when the data are very large in size. We propose a straightforward method, one that is often overlooked, to fit discrete data (s, ys) with rational functions. This method serves as a solid data fitting choice that proves to be fast and highly accurate. Its novelty lies on scaling positive explanatory data to the interval [0, 1], before solving the associated linear problem Ax=0. A rescaling is performed once the fitting function is derived. Each solution in the null space of A provides a rational fitting function. Amongst them, the best is chosen based on a pointwise error check. This avoids solving an overdetermined nonhomogeneous linear system Ax=b with a badly conditioned and scaled matrix A. With large data, the latter can lack accuracy and be computationally expensive. Furthermore, any linear combination of at least one solution in the basis of the null space produces a new fitting function, which gives the flexibility to choose the best rational function that fits the constraints of specific problems. We tested our method with many economic variables that experienced sharp oscillations owing to the effects of COVID-19-related shocks to the economy. Such data are intrinsically difficult to fit with a smooth function. Deriving such continuous model functions over a desired period is important in the analysis and prediction algorithms of such economic variables. The method can be expanded to model behaviors of interest in other applied sciences, such as electrical engineering, where the method was successfully fitted into network scattering parameter measurements with high accuracy.
Manufacturing and Testing of a Variable Chord Extension for Helicopter Rotor Blades
Authors: Balzarek Christoph , Kalow Steffen , Riemenschneider Johannes , Rivero Andres
Published: February 2022

Helicopters are still an indispensable addition to aviation in this day and age. They are characterized by their ability to master both forward flight and hover. These characteristics result in a wide range of possible operations. Key for the design of the rotor blades is a blade design that always represents a compromise between the different flight conditions, which enables safe and efficient flight in the various flight conditions. In order to operate the rotor blade even more efficiently in all flight conditions, a new morphing concept, the so-called linear variable chord extension, has been developed. Here, the blade chord length in the root area is changed with the help of an elastic skin to adapt it to the respective flight condition. The simulations performed for this concept showed a promising increase in overall helicopter performance. The fabrication of the resulting demonstrator as well as the tests in the whirl-tower and wind tunnel are presented in this paper. The results of the tests show that the concept of linear variable chord extension has a positive influence and a great potential for hovering flight.
Multiple Delay-Dependent Guaranteed Cost Control for Distributed Engine Control Systems with Aging and Deterioration
Authors: Chen Yifeng , Guo Yingqing , Yan Xinghui , Mao Haotian
Published: February 2022

Distributed control architecture can bring many benefits to the engine control system, but the delay and packet dropout introduced by network communication will bring negative effects to the control system. The aging and deterioration of the engine are also obstacles in the design of the engine control system. This paper is concerned with the problem of guaranteed cost control for a distributed engine control system (DECS) with these negative constraints. Firstly, a model of DECS with multiple delays, packet dropouts and uncertainties is built. Secondly, a multiple delay-dependent guaranteed cost controller design method is proposed in the form of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The non-convex optimal controller design problem is transformed into a convex optimization problem through the cone complementarity linearization (CCL) method, and the suboptimal controller is designed iteratively. Thirdly, turboshaft engine aging and deterioration are treated as sources of uncertainties, and the norm-bounded uncertain model of the turboshaft engine is modeled. Finally, the numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the guaranteed cost controller designed for DECS with multiple delays, packet dropouts, engine aging and deteriorations.
A Decade of Variety Testing for Resistance of Red Clover to Southern Anthracnose (Colletotrichum trifolii Bain et Essary) at the Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL)
Authors: Hartmann Stephan , Schubiger Franz , Grieder Christoph , Wosnitza Andrea
Published: February 2022

Southern anthracnose is caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum trifolii Bain et Essary and affects red clover (Trifolium pratense) cultivation, causing severe losses in plant stands. Artificial inoculation with the pathogen in the greenhouse has been proven to effectively differentiate varieties for their resistance based on the survival rates of plants. Additionally, this method was successfully used to improve red clover populations via recurrent selection. However, not much is yet known on its association with resistance behavior in the field. In this study, results from 10 years of artificial inoculation trials at the Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture were analyzed and compared to official German variety descriptions that are based on field data. A good congruency between survival rates from the greenhouse and official susceptibility ratings were observed. Thus, data from greenhouse tests have great potential to complement official variety lists where gaps exist. It was shown that within only three generations of recurrent selection using the greenhouse test, an existing variety could be significantly improved in terms of its resistance to Southern anthracnose without changing its DUS characteristics. A continuously increasing resistance level in the varieties registered in Germany since 2005 indicates that breeders can successfully respond to the threat imposed by this relatively new disease.
Use of Symbiotic Fungi to Reduce the Phytotoxic Effect of DCD Nitrification Inhibitors in Lettuce
Authors: Padash Akbar , Azarmi Rasoul , Ashraf Soltani Toularoud Ali , Esmailpour Behrooz , Cruz Cristina
Published: February 2022

Nitrification inhibitors are commonly used to prevent nitrate leaching. However, the use of nitrification inhibitors is not free of side-effects. Some may be absorbed by the plant and cause phytotoxicity or even affect the food chain. Therefore, a solution that limits the absorption of nitrification inhibitors and its accumulation by the plant may mitigate health and environmental issues potentially associated with high levels of nitrification inhibitors. This solution may relay in the modulation of the plant’s metabolism through the interaction with specific fungal partners. This work tested the hypothesis that the symbiotic interaction between fungi and plant roots can reduce the destructive effects of the nitrification inhibitor Dicyandiamide (DCD) in plants by reducing the uptake of nitrification inhibitors. A greenhouse experiment was conducted, using a complete randomized block design, to test the effect of symbiotic fungi (plants inoculated with Piriformospora indica, Glomus etunicatum, and Glomus mosseae and noninoculated) on the phytotoxicity of DCD applied at four concentrations (0, 5, 50, and 100 mg kg−1 soil). Latuca sativa, cultivar Siyahoo, was selected for this experiment due to its economic value all over the world. The use of high DCD concentrations (100 mg kg−1 soil) affected the leaf chlorophyll content and plant growth in a manner that was significantly mitigated by the symbiosis of the plant with the fungal partner. These results highlight the benefits of using symbiotic fungal inoculants as plant protectors against the phytotoxic effects of DCD.
Influence of Commercial Seaweed Extract and Microbial Biostimulant on Growth, Yield, Phytochemical Content, and Nutritional Quality of Five Abelmoschus esculentus Genotypes
Authors: Aremu Adeyemi O. , Makhaye Gugulethu , Tesfay Samson Zeray , Gerrano Abe Shegro , Du Plooy Christian P. , Amoo Stephen O.
Published: February 2022

Biostimulant application during the cultivation of underutilized crops is an environmental-friendly approach for their production and utilization to promote food security and human health. This study investigated the effect of two commercial biostimulants (a seaweed-based extract, Kelpak® (1:100, 1:40, and 1:20, dilutions), and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR (1:5, 1:10, and 1:15, dilutions)) on the growth, yield, phytochemical content, and nutritional quality of five selected Abelmoschus esculentus genotypes. Biostimulant application significantly influenced vegetative growth and yield in a dose-dependent manner. Plant height, chlorophyll content, stem diameter, number of pods, and total pod fresh and dry weights increased with a decrease in dilution of the biostimulants. The application of PGPR (1:5) significantly promoted both the vegetative growth (plant height, chlorophyll content, and stem diameter) and yield (number of pods, total fresh weight, and total dry weight) when compared to the control (untreated plants) and other biostimulant dilutions. Genotype and biostimulant application had an interactive effect on all the phytochemical (total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins) and nutritional (β-carotene, vitamin C, calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and zinc) qualities evaluated. This study demonstrated the differential effect of biostimulant application on A. esculentus genotypes. These biostimulants can be used to enhance growth, yield, biochemical, and nutritional contents of underutilised crops such as A. esculentus, depending on the crop genotype, in order to improve crop productivity and combat food insecurity especially in food insecure communities.
Naturally Occurring Endocrine Disorders in Non-Human Primates: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Bakker Jaco , de la Garza Melissa A.
Published: February 2022

Literature concerning veterinary medicine of non-human primates is continuously updated, yet endocrine disorders remain underreported. While case or survey reports of individual endocrinopathies are available, a comprehensive review is not. An exhaustive literature search on this subject via widely used academic search systems, (e.g., Google Scholar, PubMed, BioOne complete and Web of Science), and peer-reviewed publications, proceedings, and newsletters was performed. Selected major endocrine entities will be described with emphasis on clinical signs, morphologic appearances, concomitant diseases, as well as available treatment options. Mostly, no clinical signs were noted and on gross pathology, the endocrine organs were unremarkable. An endocrine-related diagnosis was frequently made as an incidental finding after standard histopathological examination. During the review, the pancreas represented the most affected endocrine organ and diabetes mellitus represented the most clinically significant disorder. Currently, no standard procedure for diagnosing, monitoring, or treating endocrine disorders in non-human primates exists.
Dairy Cattle Euthanasia—Focus Groups Exploring the Perspectives of Brazilians Working in the Dairy Cattle Industry
Authors: Merenda Victoria R. , de Oliveira Eduardo B. , Fowler Heather N. , Pairis-Garcia Monique D.
Published: February 2022

The objective of this study was to explore perspectives and attitudes about euthanasia specific to the Brazilian dairy cattle industry. Twenty-five Brazilian citizens (13 veterinarians, 4 animal scientists, 3 professors, 3 researchers, 1 dairy owner, and 1 caretaker) participated in one of three focus groups conducted and recorded online (10, 8, and 7 participants per group). Questions regarding euthanasia were posed by a moderator, and the focus group discussions were then transcribed verbatim for analysis. After the initial data analysis, themes were evaluated and collapsed into three major categories: Euthanasia Training and Farm and Human Components. A complex interconnection between the three main themes and multiple subthemes specific to dairy cattle euthanasia was also revealed. The lack of nationally recognized euthanasia guidelines for dairy cattle paired with ineffective and inaccessible euthanasia tools makes it difficult for dairy veterinarians to implement humane protocols for on-farm euthanasia. In addition, logistical factors, particularly, the financial cost of euthanasia and the human–animal bond, play a role in the failure to perform euthanasia when warranted. Future studies should focus on the development of science-based standards and producer training to improve the consistency of on-farm euthanasia in Brazilian dairy operations.
Determination of 20 Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds in the Buffalo Milk Production Chain and Commercial Bovine Milk by UHPLC–MS/MS and HPLC–FLD
Authors: Di Marco Pisciottano Ilaria , Guadagnuolo Grazia , Busico Fabio , Alessandroni Luca , Neri Bruno , Vecchio Domenico , Di Vuolo Gabriele , Cappelli Giovanna , Martucciello Alessandra , Gallo Pasquale
Published: February 2022

Bisphenol A (BPA) and some of its analogues are well known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), i.e., compounds that can affect the physiological hormonal pathways in both animals and humans, causing adverse health effects. The intake of these substances through diet represents a public concern, compounded by the scarce data in the literature about contamination levels in food. In the framework of a research project, funded by the Italian Ministry of Health, we determined the contamination levels of BPA and 19 EDCs in the production chain of buffalo milk, analysing feed, drinking water, buffalo milk, and blood sera. Overall, 201 feed, 9 feed additive, 62 drinking water, 46 milk, and 190 blood serum samples were collected from 10 buffalo farms in the Campania region, Southern Italy, between 2019 and 2020, and analysed. Moreover, 15 retail bovine milk samples packaged both in Tetra Pak and in PET were analysed to further evaluate consumers’ exposure to EDCs. The results of our work showed no contamination by EDCs in drinking water samples, whereas in 43% of all of the other samples from the farms at least one bisphenol was detected. The most abundant bisphenol detected was BPA (32% of the samples from the farms and 80% of the retail milk samples), thus proving that this compound is still widely used for plastic production.
Effect of Different Synchronization Regimens on Reproductive Variables of Crossbred (Swamp × Riverine) Nulliparous and Multiparous Buffaloes during Peak and Low Breeding Seasons
Authors: Abulaiti Adili , Naseer Zahid , Ahmed Zulfiqar , Wang Dong , Hua Guohua , Yang Liguo
Published: February 2022

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of conventional the Ovsynch protocol (OVS) and a modified Ovsynch synchronization (GPGMH) protocol on the follicular dynamics, estrus, ovulation, and pregnancy in nulliparous and multiparous crossbred (swamp × riverine) buffaloes during different seasons. GPGMH or OVS protocols were used to synchronize nulliparous (n = 128; GPGMH = 94, OVS = 34) and multiparous (n = 154; GPGMH = 122, OVS = 32) buffaloes during the peak (n = 186; GPGMH = 143, OVS = 43) and low breeding (n = 96; GPGMH = 73, OVS = 23) seasons. Buffaloes were monitored for follicular dynamics, estrus response, ovulation, and pregnancy rates. The results showed that protocol, parity, and season had significant effects on estrus, ovulation, and pregnancy variables, and interactions among parity and protocol, season and protocol, and season and parity were observed for few of reproductive indices in the crossbred buffaloes. There were no significant (p > 0.05) interaction for protocol, parity and season. In multiparous buffaloes, the application of the GPGMH protocol significantly (p < 0.05) increased the interaction to the interval to estrus onset after the second GnRH, estrus response, ovulation rate, and pregnancy rate, and lowered (p < 0.05) the silent estrus when compared with the conventional OVS protocol. During the peak breeding season, the application of the GPGMH protocol significantly (p < 0.05) improved the interaction to the estrus response, ovulation rate, and pregnancy rate, while it lowered (p < 0.05) the silent estrus incidence when compared to the conventional OVS protocol. In conclusion, the GPGMH protocol, in comparison to the OVS protocol, improves the follicular dynamics, estrus response, ovulation, and pregnancy rates in crossbred multiparous buffaloes during the peak breeding seasons.
A 16S Next Generation Sequencing Based Molecular and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Processed Meat Products Contamination and Mislabelling
Authors: Chaora Nyaradzo Stella , Khanyile Khulekani Sedwell , Magwedere Kudakwashe , Pierneef Rian , Tabit Frederick Tawi , Muchadeyi Farai Catherine
Published: February 2022

Processed meat is a target in meat adulteration for economic gain. This study demonstrates a molecular and bioinformatics diagnostic pipeline, utilizing the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, to determine processed meat product mislabeling through Next-Generation Sequencing. Nine pure meat samples were collected and artificially mixed at different ratios to verify the specificity and sensitivity of the pipeline. Processed meat products (n = 155), namely, minced meat, biltong, burger patties, and sausages, were collected across South Africa. Sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. Each sample had paired-end reads with a length of ±300 bp. Quality control and filtering was performed using BBDuk (version 37.90a). Each sample had an average of 134,000 reads aligned to the mitochondrial genomes using BBMap v37.90. All species in the artificial DNA mixtures were detected. Processed meat samples had reads that mapped to the Bos (90% and above) genus, with traces of reads mapping to Sus and Ovis (2–5%) genus. Sausage samples showed the highest level of contamination with 46% of the samples having mixtures of beef, pork, or mutton in one sample. This method can be used to authenticate meat products, investigate, and manage any form of mislabeling.
Chitosan Nanoparticles Containing Lipoic Acid with Antioxidant Properties as a Potential Nutritional Supplement
Authors: Quester Katrin , Rodríguez-González Sarahí , González-Dávalos Laura , Lozano-Flores Carlos , González-Gallardo Adriana , Zapiain-Merino Santino J. , Shimada Armando , Mora Ofelia , Vazquez-Duhalt Rafael
Published: February 2022

The addition of the antioxidant α-lipoic acid (ALA) to a balanced diet might be crucial for the prevention of comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity. Due to its low half-life and instability under stomach-like conditions, α-lipoic acid was encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles (Ch-NPs). The resulting chitosan nanoparticles containing 20% w/w ALA (Ch-ALA-NPs) with an average diameter of 44 nm demonstrated antioxidant activity and stability under stomach-like conditions for up to 3 h. Furthermore, fluorescent Ch-ALA-NPs were effectively internalized into 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and were able to cross the intestinal barrier, as evidenced by everted intestine in vitro experiments. Thus, chitosan-based nanoparticles seem to be an attractive administration method for antioxidants, or other sensible additives, in food.
Whole-Person, Urobiome-Centric Therapy for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Garofalo Luciano , Nakama Claudia , Hanes Douglas , Zwickey Heather
Published: February 2022

A healthy urinary tract contains a variety of microbes resulting in a diverse urobiome. Urobiome dysbiosis, defined as an imbalance in the microbial composition in the microenvironments along the urinary tract, is found in women with uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI). Historically, antibiotics have been used to address UTI. An alternative approach to uncomplicated UTI is warranted as the current paradigm fails to take urobiome dysbiosis into account and contributes to the communal problem of resistance. A whole-person, multi-modal approach that addresses vaginal and urinary tract dysbiosis may be more effective in reducing recurrent UTI. In this review, we discuss strategies that include reducing pathogenic bacteria while supporting commensal urogenital bacteria, encouraging diuresis, maintaining optimal pH levels, and reducing inflammation. Strategies for future research are suggested.
Chemical Constituents of Hedyotis diffusa and Their Anti-Inflammatory Bioactivities
Authors: Hung Hsin-Yi , Cheng Kun-Ching , Kuo Ping-Chung , Chen I-Tsen , Li Yue-Chiun , Hwang Tsong-Long , Lam Sio-Hong , Wu Tian-Shung
Published: February 2022

Seven new anthraquinones with rare 2-isopropyldihydrofuran (1–3) and 2,2-dimethylpyrano (4–7) moieties together with thirty-four known compounds were isolated from the extracts of whole Hedyotis diffusa plants. Their structures were elucidated and established by various spectroscopic and spectrometric analytical methods. Among these isolates, selected compounds were examined for their anti-inflammatory activity. The results showed that rare substituted anthraquinones displayed potent inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.15 ± 0.01 to 5.52 ± 1.59 µM on the N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB)-induced superoxide anion generation and elastase release cellular models. Meanwhile, the proposed drug target of the active anthraquinone was studied by computer modeling. The binding affinity between the anti-inflammatory anthraquinone and elastase was evaluated by molecular docking. These results provided the scientific insight into the medicinal values of Hedyotis diffusa and vision of development as lead compounds.
Lycopene Supplementation to Serum-Free Maturation Medium Improves In Vitro Bovine Embryo Development and Quality and Modulates Embryonic Transcriptomic Profile
Authors: Sidi Shehu , Pascottini Osvaldo Bogado , Angel-Velez Daniel , Azari-Dolatabad Nima , Pavani Krishna Chaitanya , Residiwati Gretania , Meese Tim , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Kambai Bawa Elias , Alikidon Voh Ambrose , Olusegun Ayo Joseph , Van Soom Ann
Published: February 2022

Bovine embryos are typically cultured at reduced oxygen tension to lower the impact of oxidative stress on embryo development. However, oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is performed at atmospheric oxygen tension since low oxygen during maturation has a negative impact on oocyte developmental competence. Lycopene, a carotenoid, acts as a powerful antioxidant and may protect the oocyte against oxidative stress during maturation at atmospheric oxygen conditions. Here, we assessed the effect of adding 0.2 μM lycopene (antioxidant), 5 μM menadione (pro-oxidant), and their combination on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in matured oocytes and the subsequent development, quality, and transcriptome of the blastocysts in a bovine in vitro model. ROS fluorescent intensity in matured oocytes was significantly lower in the lycopene group, and the resulting embryos showed a significantly higher blastocyst rate on day 8 and a lower apoptotic cell ratio than all other groups. Transcriptomic analysis disclosed a total of 296 differentially expressed genes (Benjamini–Hochberg-adjusted p < 0.05 and ≥ 1-log2-fold change) between the lycopene and control groups, where pathways associated with cellular function, metabolism, DNA repair, and anti-apoptosis were upregulated in the lycopene group. Lycopene supplementation to serum-free maturation medium neutralized excess ROS during maturation, enhanced blastocyst development and quality, and modulated the transcriptomic landscape.
Influence of the Bonding Boundary Conditions of Timber-Glass I-Beams on Load-Bearing Capacity and Stiffness
Authors: Držečnik Mateja , Štrukelj Andrej , Premrov Miroslav
Published: February 2022

Structural glass plays an important role in modern architecture, interior design, and building design. It has earned this title primarily because of its properties, such as transparency and its importance in lighting a space. Glass is a challenging building material because of its unpredictability and fragile behaviour. Its fragility, and the way it disintegrates, are the main reasons for using glass in collaboration with timber. The aim of this study is to provide researchers with a more detailed analysis of the influence of the cross-section of I-beams made of timber and glass on the load-bearing capacity and stiffness of each element, based on the research carried out as a basis for such a study. Special attention is focused on analysing the influence of different bonding line types. Composite materials are usually made of a combination of several materials. The goal in making composites is to create a synergy between these materials and combine the good properties of each part of the component.
Heat-Only-Driven Vuilleumier Refrigeration
Authors: Fischer Andreas , Khodja Abdellah , Paul Raphael , Hoffmann Karl Heinz
Published: February 2022

Vuilleumier refrigerators are devices which provide cooling power by using heat from a source at a temperature above the ambient. This feature makes Vuilleumier refrigerators particularly useful in situations where waste heat is abundant but electrical energy is scarce even as auxiliary operating power. For an operation by heat only with no need of auxiliary power, the Vuilleumier refrigerators must be designed in such a way that the mechanical losses occurring during operation are compensated by power gained from pressure differences. Here, we study the optimal design of such a device with heat-only operation maximizing the cooling power.
Influence of Magnetic Field on Amplification without Inversion Induced by a Femtosecond Pulse Train
Authors: Ji Qianqian , Ma Rui , Jiang Tianwei , Luo Bin
Published: February 2022

Taking advantage of the short pulse duration and the high repetition rate of the fs pulse train, amplification without inversion (AWI) can be achieved in two- or three-level atomic systems. A modulation method using a static magnetic field to control such AWI gain in an atomic system is proposed. The schematic model of the 52S1/2−52P1/2 transition of 87Rb is adopted, and the results show that the system gain can be significantly enhanced and modulated by the magnetic field, while the population inversion can be almost completely suppressed. Moreover, the pulse number, pulse repetition period, and pulse area can also be utilized to modulate the AWI gain.
Application of MICP in Water Stability and Hydraulic Erosion Control of Phosphogypsum Material in Slope
Authors: Tian Yifan , Li Zhiqing , Wang Shuangjiao , Zhou Yingxin , Li Dandan , Fu Le
Published: February 2022

Phosphogypsum is a kind of solid waste that occupies land resources and harms the environment. It can be used as a solidified material, but the utilization of phosphogypsum is limited by its impurities and weak strength performance. This study aimed to use microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) to improve the water stability, permeability, and hydraulic erosion resistance of phosphogypsum and evaluate its impact on the environment. In this paper, the phosphogypsum samples and artificial slopes were prepared and solidified by spraying various concentrations of bacteria solution and cementation solution to achieve microbial modification. The water stability and permeability test were used to calculate the mass of spalling under water shaking and the permeability coefficient. A rainfall scouring test was carried out to estimate the erosion resistance. The erosion degree was quantitatively calculated using 3D laser scanning technology. The results show that the microorganism treatment can improve water stability and reduce the permeability coefficient, while the differences between the content of CaCO3 in the outermost layer and in the inner layer gradually increase with the increase in bacterial concentration, and the permeability coefficient was reduced uniformly. The sediment loss of the slope after MICP treatment was much less than that of the untreated slope, and the connection force between the particles was strengthened. By observing the morphology of the scoured samples, we found that the treated particles were aggregated and flocculated with more macropores, which led to the formation of erosion pits under scouring. The pH of the outflow of the modified slope was neutral, and the heavy metal elements were fixed by microbial action and carbonate, which is not harmful to the environment.
Physiological Effects of Red-Colored Food-Derived Bioactive Compounds on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Park Soo-yeon , Park Min Ju , Kim Ji Yeon
Published: February 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global cause of disease and mortality. CVDs are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and include coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, and other conditions. The most important behavioral risk factors for heart disease and stroke are diet, physical activity, smoking, and drinking. Increased intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome and CVDs. Red-colored foods align with cardiovascular health by protecting the heart and blood vessels. Red fruits and vegetables include tomatoes, strawberries, raspberries, cranberries, cherries, red apples, beets, and pomegranate. In vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials, show that the components of red foods demonstrate various potential health benefits against disease. In conclusion, there are many advantages to eating vegetable foods, especially red fruits and vegetables.
The Effect of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) on Subjective–Objective Sleep Discrepancy in Individuals with Co-Morbid Insomnia and Sleep Apnoea: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Bensen-Boakes Darah-Bree , Osman Amal , Lack Leon , Catcheside Peter , Antic Nick , Smith Simon S. , Chai-Coetzer Ching Li , O’Grady Amanda , Dunn Nicola , Robinson Jan , McEvoy Doug , Sweetman Alexander
Published: February 2022

People with insomnia frequently underestimate the duration of their sleep compared to objective polysomnography-measured sleep duration. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the most effective treatment for insomnia and also reduces the degree of sleep underestimation. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder characterised by frequent narrowing (hypopnoea) and closure (apnoea) of the upper airway during sleep. Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnoea (COMISA) is a prevalent and debilitating disorder. No study has investigated subjectively (sleep diary) versus objectively (polysomnography) measured sleep discrepancies (SOSD) in individuals with COMISA before or following CBT-I. This randomised waitlist-controlled trial investigated SOSD in 145 participants with COMISA before and 6-weeks after CBT-I (n = 72) versus control (n = 73). All participants were studied prior to continuous positive airway pressure treatment for sleep apnoea. At baseline, participants underestimated their total sleep time (mean ± SD −51.9 ± 94.1 min) and sleep efficiency (−9.6 ± 18.3%), and overestimated sleep onset latency (34.5 ± 86.1 min; all p = < 0.001). Mixed models indicated a main effect of time on reduction of SOSD in both groups, but no between-group difference in the reduction of any SOSD parameters. These findings may indicate that untreated OSA contributes to a discrepancy between perceived and objective sleep parameters in people with COMISA that is not amenable to CBT-I alone (ACTRN12613001178730).