bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New strength metrics for containerboards: influences of basic papermaking factors
Authors: Mattsson Amanda , Uesaka Tetsu
Published: November 2018

In end-use, containerboard is subjected to a variety of loading histories, such as seconds of loading/unloading, hours of vibration, days of creep load. The fundamental question is whether the commonly measured static strength represents “strength” under these conditions. Another question is, since those time-dependent failures are notoriously variable, how to describe the probabilistic aspect. This study concerns the characterisation of these different facets of “strength”. In our earlier work, we have investigated the theoretical framework for time-dependent, probabilistic failures, and identified three material parameters: (1) characteristic strength,Sc{S_{c}}, representing short-term strength, (2) brittleness/durability parameter,ρ, and (3) reliability parameter,β. We have also developed a new method that allows us to determine all these parameters much faster than typical creep tests. Using the new method, we have started investigating effects of basic papermaking variables on the new material parameters. Among the samples tested, the parameterρvaried from 20 to 50, andβfrom 0.5 to 1.0. This suggests that, even within the current papermaking practice, there is a wide operating window to tune these new material parameters. The future work is, therefore, to find specific manufacturing variables that can systematically change these new material parameters.
Selection of filler particle size for maximizing the critical properties of cellulosic paper by filler pre-flocculation
Authors: Song Shunxi , Liang Jiantao , Li Lin , Zhang Meiyun , Nie Jingyi , Zhen Xiaoli
Published: November 2018

Filler pre-flocculation has been extensively studied in the past to increase filler content while maintaining the physical strength properties of paper. However, optical properties of paper could be negatively affected due to the filler pre-flocculation. In this work, two kinds of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) fillers with different particle sizes, namely PCC1 (4.2 μm) and PCC2 (7.7 μm), were used to investigate the effects of filler pre-flocculation on the strength and optical properties of paper. Results showed that pre-flocculated fillers with smaller particle size (PCC1) could improve the tensile strength of handsheets more effectively, since the tensile index was increased by 22.9 %. Meanwhile, for a given floc size, the handsheets with PCC1 flocs exhibited a better light scattering ability comparing to the ones filled with PCC2 flocs. The improved light scattering ability of handsheets filled with 24 μm PCC1 flocs compared to 24 μm flocs produced with PCC2 can be attributed to the complex micro void structure of flocs. This finding can be used as a guidance for the selection of filler particle size when using filler pre-flocculation to optimize the mechanical and optical properties of paper.
Organic Establishment of Pollination Reservoirs in the Lowbush Blueberry (Ericales: Ericaceae) Agroecosystem
Authors: Venturini E. M. , Drummond F. A. , Hoshide A. K.
Published: November 2018

Pollination reservoirs are pollen and nectar rich wildflower plantings intended to enhance pollination services in pollinator-dependent crops. Despite government assistance, plantings often fail to establish. Our focal crop, wild blueberries, is a unique cropping-system native to the U.S.A. It is never planted or cultivated, and typically exists in isolated fields within a mostly coniferous forest matrix. Our study takes place in Maine, U.S.A., where growers could economically benefit by switching reliance from rented honey bees to native bee pollination. Lowbush blueberry growers support wild bee enhancement efforts, but the low pH (4.0-5.0) of this agro-ecosystem presents unique challenges to wildflower establishment. We sought to identify methods that Organic certified growers can use to successfully establish pollination reservoirs in this system. We tested the effects of nurse crops and mowing on the success of a custom wildflower mixture over four years. Success was considered in terms of longevity, sown species diversity, above-ground biomass, and the number and weight of inflorescences. The authors present an economic analysis of cost versus projected planting longevity. In the fourth year of establishment, sown plant diversity significantly decreased, Solidago spp. weeds became dominant, and treatments were not a strong determinant of planting success. The economic analysis suggests that the high cost of pollination reservoir establishment may be a barrier to grower adoption. This study provides evidence and economic justification that weeds must be controlled prior to planting and represents one of the first studies to empirically test organic strategies for wildflower establishment in an agricultural context.
Aeroponics and Sand Hydroponics: Alternative Technologies for Pre-Basic Seed Potato Production in Ethiopia
Authors: Tessema Lemma , Dagne Zebenay
Published: November 2018

Potato is the third most important food crop worldwide after rice and wheat in terms of human consumption, and global production exceeds 374 million metric tons. Despite this immense importance, potato yields from small-scale farmers in most developing countries including Ethiopia fall far below their capacity, mainly because of insufficient access to high quality seed and limited knowledge on crop husbandry. Moreover, 98.7% of the seed being used come from the informal seed system which lacks appropriate phytosanitary schemes. Frequent seed degeneration nature and low multiplication rate of the crop also provoked less productivity of potato. Hence, technological improvements are necessary for increasing potato productivity and decreasing different bottlenecks of the crop. Aeroponics, sand hydroponics and tissue culture based seed multiplication techniques are currently accelerating the supply of disease free seed potato to the country. Thus, to take advantage of the yield capability of potato by improving the maximum production determinant elements like seed quality, these alternative pre-basic seed potato multiplication technologies could be duly verified and used as an option to boost the yield of potato.
Enhancing GABAergic Transmission Improves Locomotion in aCaenorhabditis elegansModel of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Wu Chia-Yen , Gagnon David A. , Sardin Juliette S. , Barot Urva , Telenson Alex , Arratia Paulo E. , Kalb Robert G.
Published: November 2018

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease characterized by degeneration of spinal motor neurons resulting in variable degrees of muscular wasting and weakness. It is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the survival motor neuron (SMN1) gene.Caenorhabditis elegansmutants lackingSMNrecapitulate several aspects of the disease including impaired movement and shorted life span. We examined whether genes previously implicated in life span extension conferred benefits toC. eleganslacking SMN. We find that reducing daf-2/insulin receptor signaling activity promotes survival and improves locomotor behavior in thisC. elegansmodel of SMA. The locomotor dysfunction inC. eleganslackingSMNcorrelated with structural and functional abnormalities in GABAergic neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Moreover, we demonstrated that reduction indaf-2signaling reversed these abnormalities. Remarkably, enhancing GABAergic neurotransmission alone was able to correct the locomotor dysfunction. Our work indicated that an imbalance of excitatory/inhibitory activity within motor circuits and underlies motor system dysfunction in this SMA model. Interventions aimed at restoring the balance of excitatory/inhibitory activity in motor circuits could be of benefit to individuals with SMA.
Global Diversity of the Brachypodium Species Complex as a Resource for Genome-Wide Association Studies Demonstrated for Agronomic Traits in Response to Climate
Authors: Wilson Pip B , Streich Jared C , Murray Kevin D , Eichten Steve R , Cheng Riyan , Aitken Nicola C , Spokas Kurt , Warthmann Norman , Gordon Sean P , Accession Contributors , Vogel John P , Borevitz Justin O
Published: November 2018

The development of model systems requires a detailed assessment of standing genetic variation across natural populations. The Brachypodium species complex has been promoted as a plant model for grass genomics with translation to small grain and biomass crops. To capture the genetic diversity within this species complex, thousands of Brachypodium accessions from around the globe were collected and genotyped by sequencing. Overall, 1897 samples were classified into two diploid or allopolyploid species, and then further grouped into distinct inbred genotypes. A core set of diverse B. distachyon diploid lines was selected for whole genome sequencing and high resolution phenotyping. Genome-wide association studies across simulated seasonal environments was used to identify candidate genes and pathways tied to key life history and agronomic traits under current and future climatic conditions. A total of 8, 22, and 47 QTL were identified for flowering time, early vigor, and energy traits, respectively. The results highlight the genomic structure of the Brachypodium species complex, and the diploid lines provided a resource that allows complex trait dissection within this grass model species.
The risk of unexploded ordnance on construction sites in London, UK
Authors: Owen Marc , McNamara Andrew , Panchal Jignasha
Published: November 2018

Greater London, UK, among many large cities, was subject to bombing by the German military in both the First World War and Second World War (WW2) and was the target of many air raids during WW2. This was particularly the case during the Blitz, September 1940–May 1941, when over 28 000 high-explosive bombs and parachute mines were dropped on London. Post-war research conducted in 1949 estimated that approximately 12 750 t of bombs, including V1 and V2 rockets, were dropped on London. The night of 16–17 April 1941 was one of the worst bombing raids, when 446 t of bombs were dropped on London and over 58 t did not detonate. Unexploded bombs remain buried underground today, as they were unidentified at the time or abandoned owing to difficulties in recovering them. Uncharted bombs continue to pose a potentially significant hazard for developments around London. This paper considers the probability of discovering unexploded ordnance (UXO), particularly WW2 ordnance, during intrusive groundworks in London. The prevalence of UXO has been assessed using data obtained from governmental organisations to estimate the likelihood of discovery in London.
Neutron imaging: a new possibility for laboratory observation of hydraulic fractures in shale?
Authors: Roshankhah S. , Marshall J. P. , Tengattini A. , Ando E. , Rubino V. , Rosakis A. J. , Viggiani G. , Andrade J. E.
Published: November 2018

Hydraulic fracturing, the creation of fractures by high-pressure fluid injection into a solid medium, is of interest to enhance the permeability of rocks. This complex three-dimensional hydro-mechanical process, however, has only been studied in the laboratory by boundary measurements or acoustic techniques with low spatio-temporal resolutions until now. In this paper, direct, high spatial resolution, and near real-time visualisation results of hydraulic fracture generation and propagation in prismatic specimens of Marcellus shale rock under in situ conditions (70 MPa, plane strain) are presented. Poly-methyl methacrylate specimens are also tested under the same conditions to highlight the importance of rocks' internal structure on the response of the tested rock. The results reveal a complex interaction among the injected fluid, the pre-existing natural fractures in shale structure, and the hydraulically induced fracture highlighting the governing role of rock fabric even under high stresses. These measurements are possible due to the unique sensitivity of neutrons to water. Besides the intrinsic interest of the results presented, this exploratory investigation highlights the potential of neutron imaging in elucidating the evolution of fluid flow and fluid-driven fractures, as X-rays have done for the evolution of solid structure only. Further, understanding of the mechanics of fracking will lead to development of more accurate hydro-mechanical constitutive models thus enabling the design of field operations with higher efficiencies.
A VIOLÊNCIA E SEUS IMBRICAMENTOS COM O CAMPO DA SAÚDE MENTAL: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Gusmão Ricardo Otávio Maia , Rocha Suelen Ferreira , Urcino Andréia Tatielli Alves , Souza Bruna Stefany Ribeiro , Xavier Mariza Dias , Ladeia Letícia Ferreira Alkimim , Silva Junior Renê Ferreira da
Published: November 2018

O presente estudo teve como objetivo discutir sobre os imbricamentos existentes entre o fenômeno da violência e o campo da saúde mental a partir de uma revisão integrativa da literatura brasileira sobre a temática. Propôs-se investigar o fenômeno violência e sua relação com a produção de sofrimento psíquico, verificar qual a relação existente entre o cometimento da violência e sua causalidade manifestada pela presença de transtornos mentais e uso de drogas e pesquisar sobre as principais formas de vitimização sofridas por portadores de sofrimento mental. Foi realizada busca na base de dado da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS) identificando-se 426 artigos elegíveis para o estudo, que após análise dos critérios de inclusão resultaram em 15 artigos. Os resultados foram apresentados por meio de um quadro descritivo e, em seguida, discutidos em três categorias. Verificou-se que existe relação importante entre a vivência das diversas situações de violência e como consequência a produção de sofrimento psíquico e ocorrência de transtornos mentais.
Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis
Authors: Raymuev Kirill V.
Published: November 2018

The review summarizes the current understanding of the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. The imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the joint tissues leads to the development of inflammation and cartilage damage, which leads to progressive degeneration of the joints.
A topological classification method of the superior mesenteric venous system affluent branches
Authors: Simbirtsev Semen A. , Trunin Evgeniy M. , Smirnov Aleksandr A. , Topuzov Rustem E. , Nazmiev Azat I. , Ovsepyan Artur L. , Sizov Pavel A. , Aleksandrov Aleksandr V. , Filonov Pavel V.
Published: November 2018

The authors propose a new type of classification of various anatomical variants of venous return from the right half of the colon based on the application of the principles of topology and combinatorics. The article presents data obtained from the topographic and anatomical study of the venous return from the right hemicolon collected from anatomical material (25 observations), and describes the coding algorithm in each case, allocating it to a particular class according to the proposed classification. A block diagram of a software package for semi-automatic retopology of venous return from the right half of the colon is also proposed.
Association of polimorphism rs1801282 with different components of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Eremenko Tatiana V.
Published: November 2018

Objective. To study the association of polymorphism rs1801282 of the PPARγ gene with different components of metabolic syndrome (MS).
Materials and methods. 145 subjects with newly diagnosed MS were examined. All subjects underwent a clinical examination, including general clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods; presence of polymorphism rs1801282 of the PPARγ gene was also determined.
Results. In the group of subjects with rs1801282 polymorphism, hyperglycemia was observed less frequently compared with the rest of subjects the incidence was 53.8% and 79.8% cases respectively (p = 0.005). A decrease in the risk of arterial hypertension was also observed in subjects with polymorphic allele: an increase in blood pressure was noted in 70.6% of rs1801282 group and 96.2% for wild type PPARγ (p < 0.001). When analyzing levels of triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins, an increase in these parameters was noted in the group of subjects with rs1801282 polymorphism.
Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the association of rs1801282 polymorphism in subjects with metabolic syndrome with a number of clinical features of the disease, dyslipidemia and a reduction of the risk of hyperglycemia and hypertension.
Consumo ecologicamente consciente por estudantes e trabalhadores: uma comparação
Authors: Mendes Junior Isaias de Jesus Alvares , Teixeira Arilda Magna Campagnaro
Published: November 2018

O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar e comparar os fatores que explicam a opção de estudantes e de pessoas que já estão empregadas no mercado de trabalho pelo Comportamento de Consumo Ecologicamente Consciente (CCEC). A metodologia escolhida foi a pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, com corte transversal, e dados primários obtidos através de aplicação de questionários com questões estruturadas em escala Likert. A amostra teve 505 respondentes de todas as regiões do Brasil, sendo 268 estudantes e 234 de trabalhadores. Os resultados indicaram que os fatores que explicam a opção de consumo dos estudantes foram reciclagem e reutilização, ação e mudança e produto; e os que explicam a opção de consumo dos trabalhadores foram ação e mudança, produto e hábitos domésticos. Dentre esses fatores, os que explicam a opção de consumo de estudantes e de trabalhadores foram ação e mudança e produto. Como 2/3 dos fatores que explicam o consumo dos estudantes também explicam o dos trabalhadores, foi possível admitir que o 1/3 que explica um ou outro seja devido à diferença de poder aquisitivo ou de idade.
Diagnostic value of basic laboratory parameters for simple and perforated acute appendicitis
Authors: BEDEL Cihan
Published: November 2018

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the
efficacy of simple laboratory parameters including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
(NLR), leukocyte count (WCC), C-reactive protein (CRP)  and red cell distribution width (RDW) values
in both diagnosing simple appendicitis and predicting complicated appendicitis.Material
and Methods: A database
of 413 patients who underwent surgery was appreciated. Based on postoperative
histopathological examination, the patients were divided into two groups:
negative appendectomy (G1) and positive appendectomy (G2). Patients in the
positive appendectomy group were further divided into two subgroups: simple
appendicitis (G2a) and complicated (gangrenous and perforated) appendicitis
(G2b).Results:
WCC and NLR were
significant parameters for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Cut-off values
were 11950/mm3 for WCC (sensitivity: 71.7%; specificity: 50%; OR:
2.53) and 3.7 for NLR (sensitivity: 75.1%; specificity: 42.8%; OR:2.25). WCC,
CRP and NLR were independent variables for the diagnosis of complicated
appendicitis. Cut-off values were 14450/mm3 for WCC (sensitivity:
66.7%; specificity: 59%; OR: 2.87), 25.5 mg/dl for CRP (sensitivity: 63.8%;
specificity: 58.2%; OR: 2.47) and 6.94 for NLR (sensitivity: 61.1%;
specificity: 61%; OR: 2.51).

Conclusion:
 As a result, preoperative NLR is a useful
parameter to aid in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and differentiate between
simple and complicated appendicitis and can be used as an adjunct to the
clinical examination.
Message from the Guest Editors
Authors: Ilhan Prof. Dr. Ayse Cakir
Published: November 2018

It is the great honor for me to edit proceedings of â€œ7th World Conference on Design and Arts (WCDA- 2018)â€, 28-30 June 2018, BAU International Berlin University of Applied Sciences, Berlin â€“ Germany. This privileged scientific event has been contributing to the field of educational research for seven years.As the guest editor of this issue, I am glad to see variety of articles focusing on Art Management, Art and Corporate Identiy, Art and Media, Art and Advertising Design, Art and Globalization, Civil Society and Art, Community Arts, Experimental Typography, Fashion Design, Game Design and Cinema, Game Design and Art, Gastoronomy and Art, Industrial Design, Interactive Arts, Interactive Sound Design, Interior Design, Jewelry Design, New Media for Learning and Teaching, Packaging Design, Performing Arts, Sonic Sculptures, Sound Installations, Teacher Training, The Science of Arts, Typeface Design, Urban Culture and Art, Visual Culture and Art, etc..Furthermore, the conference is getting more international each year, which is an indicator that it is getting world widely known and recognized. Scholars from all over the world contribute to the conference. Special thanks are to all the reviewers, the members of the international editorial board, the publisher, and those involved in technical processes. We would like to thank all who contributed to every process to make this issue actualized. A total of 27 full papers or abstracts were submitted for this conference and each paper has been peer reviewed by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total of 8 high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication.I hope that you will enjoy reading the papers.Best RegardsGuest EditorsProf. Dr. Ayse Cakir Ilhan, Ankara University, TurkeyEditorial AssistantZeynep Genc, Msc. Near East University, North Cyprus
E-commerce Taxation and Fiscal Policy Perspective: The Case of Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan Sigit
Published: November 2018

The Indonesian government is now seriously exploring in depth the proposed tax imposition for e-commerce. In this context, this paper will discuss the following issues: the first, if Indonesian government should impose the tax on e-commerce; the second, how much the potential tax revenue from e-commerce is; and the third, how Indonesian fiscal policy perspective views e-commerce taxation. The study in this paper adopts a descriptive analytical research method. The study concludes several points. Indonesia should tax its e-commerce. The total potential tax revenue on e-commerce from VAT and income tax in 2018 ranges from almost Rp11.75 trillion to Rp16.64 trillion, with VAT dominates the contribution up to more than 90% of the total tax revenue. By not levying the tax in the year means Indonesian government will lose a partial or the most of tax revenue. The revenue loss is potentially getting bigger in the coming years if the government still fails to collect the tax. E-commerce taxation should not be strictly enforced in the beginning, yet more is emphasized on socialization and education actions. It is also intended to help the online platform to be compliant. Tax policy in e-commerce can be used for the purpose of regulating the economy, such as to control excessive online import purchasing.
Evaluating pedagogy in educating business majors: an empirical analysis of teaching accounting without debits and credits
Authors: Rai Atul , Sisneros Craig
Published: November 2018

An upper-level intermediate accounting course taught at two large mid-west universities in the United States provides a natural experimental setting to examine whether teaching debits/credits in the introductory financial accounting course matters. Students in the upper-level course fall into two groups: those who learned debits/credits in the introductory course and those who weren’t. The performance of both groups is evaluated during the semester while they take the upper level accounting course. Regression results show that the prior knowledge of debits/credits offers only a mild advantage in the first mid-term exam, but not thereafter. Results also indicate that grade point average (standardized tests like ACT scores) are a good (not a good) predictor of the performance in the upper-level accounting class. These results suggest that teaching debits and credits in the introductory accounting course does not provide any advantage in learning the material of upper-level accounting course.
Understanding the concept of profit as an economic information instrument: disclosure of semantic meanings
Authors: Puspitaningtyas Zarah , Toha Akhmad , Prakoso Aryo
Published: November 2018

Accounting information presented in financial statements is likened to a set of symbols. These symbols are expected to represent certain realities, which are called semantic meanings. One of the symbols presented in the financial statements is profit. As a communication medium, the presentation of profits must be interpreted exactly the same as the intended meaning, so that accounting information becomes unbiased. The purpose of this study is to reveal the understanding of the concept of profit based on semantic meaning from the point of view of the accounting accountant. This study uses an interpretive qualitative approach. Data were obtained from structured interviews with informants, namely educator accountants in Indonesia with “mainstream and anti-mainstream” schools of thought. The results of the study reveal that the tendency has been a shift in thinking from educator accountants that originated from idealism to being pragmatic. The meaning of profit at the semantic level is not only materially interpreted. Although profit is used as an indicator of the success of the company, profit is interpreted as a representation of changes in the company’s economic reality. That, the meaning of profit reflects the company’s efforts to improve its economic capacity and its usefulness to the wider community. In other words, that profit is an economic information instrument that is expected to provide value-added to its users.
Anxiety disorders in adolescents
Authors: Korabelnikova E. A.
Published: November 2018

Anxiety disorders are considered as the most common class of mental disorders of adolescence. Anxiety affects all areas of a teenager’s life, significantly worsening his state of health, school performance indicators and relationships in the family and society. The article describes the characteristics of anxiety disorders in the adolescent period from the position of etiopathogenesis, classification, clinical features. The need for an integrated approach to the therapy of anxiety disorders in adolescents is grounded, which includes, in addition to full-fledged pharmacotherapy, a wide range of psychotherapeutic, physiotherapeutic and social rehabilitation activities.
Developing a Physical Activity Ontology to Support the Interoperability of Physical Activity Data (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Hyeoneui , Mentzer Jessica , Taira Ricky
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Physical activity data provides important information on disease onset, progression, and treatment outcomes. Although analyzing physical activity data in conjunction with other clinical and microbiological data will lead to new insights crucial for improving human health, it has been hampered partly because of the large variations in the way the data are collected and presented.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to develop a Physical Activity Ontology (PACO) to support structuring and standardizing heterogeneous descriptions of physical activities.

METHODS

We prepared a corpus of 1140 unique sentences collected from various physical activity questionnaires and scales as well as existing standardized terminologies and ontologies. We extracted concepts relevant to physical activity from the corpus using a natural language processing toolkit called Multipurpose Text Processing Tool. The target concepts were formalized into an ontology using Protégé (version 4). Evaluation of PACO was performed to ensure logical and structural consistency as well as adherence to the best practice principles of building an ontology. A use case application of PACO was demonstrated by structuring and standardizing 36 exercise habit statements and then automatically classifying them to a defined class of either sufficiently active or insufficiently active using FaCT++, an ontology reasoner available in Protégé.

RESULTS

PACO was constructed using 268 unique concepts extracted from the questionnaires and assessment scales. PACO contains 225 classes including 9 defined classes, 20 object properties, 1 data property, and 23 instances (excluding 36 exercise statements). The maximum depth of classes is 4, and the maximum number of siblings is 38. The evaluations with ontology auditing tools confirmed that PACO is structurally and logically consistent and satisfies the majority of the best practice rules of ontology authoring. We showed in a small sample of 36 exercise habit statements that we could formally represent them using PACO concepts and object properties. The formal representation was used to infer a patient activity status category of sufficiently active or insufficiently active using the FaCT++ reasoner.

CONCLUSIONS

As a first step toward standardizing and structuring heterogeneous descriptions of physical activities for integrative data analyses, PACO was constructed based on the concepts collected from physical activity questionnaires and assessment scales. PACO was evaluated to be structurally consistent and compliant to ontology authoring principles. PACO was also demonstrated to be potentially useful in standardizing heterogeneous physical activity descriptions and classifying them into clinically meaningful categories that reflect adequacy of exercise.
ARTHROBACTER AS BIOFACTORY OF THERAPEUTIC ENZYMES
Authors: Azmi Wamik , Chaudhary Shabnam
Published: November 2018

Therapeutic enzymes are proteins which can be used to treat rare and deadly diseases. They represent a small but profitable market. Therapeutic enzymes are superior to non-enzymatic drugs owing to their high specificity toward the target and also their ability to multiple substrate conversion. They are essential for speeding up all the metabolic processes and many a life-supporting chemical inter-conversions. Actinomycetes including Arthrobacter form an enormous reservoir of secondary metabolites and enzymes. The characterization of L-asparaginase, β-glucosidase, urate oxidase, methionine γ-lyase, acetyl cholinesterase, and arginase activities from actinomycetes Arthrobacter clearly demonstrate the potential of Arthrobacter as potent producer of therapeutic enzymes. These metabolic enzymes can be used either separately or in combination with other therapies for the treatment of several diseases such as leukemia, gout, asthma, and neurological disorders. The objective of this review is to compile the information on the application of therapeutic enzymes produced by Arthrobacter and their future prospects as drugs.
STUDY OF MEDICINAL HERBS AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY: A REVIEW
Authors: Mahato Tapan K , Sharma K
Published: November 2018

The beneficial medicinal effects of plant materials typically result from the secondary products present in the plant although, it is usually not attributed to a single compound but a combination of the metabolites. The medicinal actions of plants are unique to a particular plant species or group, consistent with the concept that the combination of secondary products in a particular plant is taxonomically distinct.The screening of plants usually involves several approach; ethno botanical approach is one of the common methods that are employed in choosing the plant for pharmacological study. In the present review paper, antimicrobial properties of various medicinal plants were reviewed. The present review deals with the antibacterial activity of various medicinal plants.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, Herbal Drugs, WHO, Cup-plate Method, Anti-bacterial Activity.
REVIEW ON OCULAR INSERT DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Devhadrao NV , Siddhaia M
Published: November 2018

An ocular insert represents an advanced technology in eye disease therapy. Designing and development of an ocular insert is a challenge ever faced by Pharmaceutical researchers or manufacturer. In the ophthalmology; eye drop have ever found to be an easy remedy from the administration point of view. In case of conventional dosage forms the fast precorneal loss of drug has been a major difficulty. To improve ocular drug bioavailability, there are significant guidelines have been directed towards newer drug delivery systems for ophthalmic administration. By means of ocular insert, the researcher has always taken efforts to release the drug at controlled rate to avoid frequent administration of drug. The ocular insert consist of controlled, delayed or sustained release biodegradable implantable components of different material in multiple layers. The inserts can be classified in various classes like Insoluble, soluble or biodegradable as per its solubility. The release of drug from the insert depends upon the diffusion, osmosis, and bioerosion of the drug.

Keyword: Ocular inserts, bioerosion, osmosis, bioerodible implant,
PREPARATION OF CONTROLLED RELEASE METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE LOADED CHITOSAN MICROSPHERES AND EVALAUTION OF FORMULATION PARAMETERS
Authors: Kalpna Mrs , Dev Druv , Shahnaz Mohammad , Parkash Jyoti , Prasad DN
Published: November 2018

In this work an attempt was made for the preparation and evaluation of controlled release chitosan microspheres using anti-diabetes drug Metformin hydrochloride. The microspheres were prepared by Ionotropic gelation method using chitosan as polymer and Sodium Tripolyphosphate (TPP) as crosslinking agent. The compatibility of drug and polymer is analyzed by using FTIR and DSC method. There was no interaction detected by FTIR and DSC study. Further the prepared microspheres were evaluated for particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, surface morphology, drug content, drug loading and in vitro drug release. Amongst all the formulation batch 7 shows the best release when compared to other batch. SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) revealed that microspheres were spherical and porous. Finally it was concluded that Metformin hydrochloride loaded chitosan – TPP microspheres have been found suitable for controlled release formulation due to its bioavailability and biodegradability and thus lead to improved patient compliance.

Keywords: Microspheres, Metformin hydrochloride, Ionotropic gelation method, chitosan.
Structural Integrity Evaluation of Large MOD Restorations Fabricated With a Bulk-Fill and a CAD/CAM Resin Composite Material
Authors: Papadopoulos C , Dionysopoulos D , Tolidis K , Kouros P , Koliniotou-Koumpia E , Tsitrou EA
Published: November 2018

Aims:

To evaluate the effect of two composite restorative techniques (direct bulk fill vs indirect CAD/CAM) on the fracture resistance and mode of fracture of extended mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavity preparations.

Methods:

Fifty-one sound human mandibular third molars were divided into three groups (n=17). Extended bucco-lingual MOD cavities were prepared. Teeth in group 1 were restored with a bulk-fill resin composite (Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Restorative), teeth in group 2 were restored with composite computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) inlays (Lava Ultimate), and teeth in group 3 served as control and remained intact. All specimens were submitted to thermocycling, and a fracture resistance test was performed using a Universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min). Mode of fracture was classified into five types. One-way analysis of variance and the Duncan test were used to analyze the fracture load data at a significance level of α = 0.05. A chi-square test was used for the analysis of fracture mode between the restorative groups.

Results:

Statistical analysis showed significant differences in fracture resistance among the experimental groups. The teeth restored with the bulk-fill composite exhibited lower fracture resistance (1285.3±655.0 N) when compared to the teeth restored with the composite CAD/CAM inlays (1869.8±529.4 N) (p<0.05). Mode of fracture showed the same distribution between the restorative groups.

Conclusions:

Although both types of restorations failed at loads larger than those found in the oral cavity, the CAD/CAM composite inlays increased the fracture resistance of teeth with large MOD cavities when compared to direct bulk-fill composite restorations. The majority of fracture types were intraorally repairable for both restorative techniques.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION BY USING PEER ASSISTED LEARNING STRATEGIES (PALS) IN EFL CONTEXTS
Authors: Sulistami P , Pahamzah J , Baratayaomi W , Syafriza S
Published: November 2018

This research is aimed to describing the process of teaching reading comprehension and identifying whether Peer Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS) can improve students’ reading comprehension at the tenth grade of SMA Negeri 6 Kota Serang. The subject of this research was 30 students in Class X IPS 2. While doing Classroom Action Research (CAR), the researcher was helped by the English teacher as collaborator to observing the research and to know the process of teaching reading comprehension through PALS. The significant improvement of reading comprehension showed from result of pre-test and post-test. The Minimal Mastery Criteria (MMC) score in SMAN 6 Kota Serang in English subject was 75. In the pre-test the average score of students’ was 45.6 and there were only 2 students (6.7%) who passed MMC. In the post-test of cycle I, the average score of students’ was 69.57 with 12 students (40%) who passed the KKM. The average score of students’ post-test II was 83.3 and there were 26 Students (86.6%) who passed MMC. In conclusion, the student’s reading comprehension was improved and the students were able to comprehend the text through PALS.
MASJID RAYA SUMATRA BARAT SEBAGAI SIMBOL PERSATUAN MUSLIM DI SUMATRA BARAT
Authors: Alimin Nurhayatu Nufut
Published: November 2018

Masjid Raya Sumatera Barat merupakan masjid terbesar di Sumatera Barat, Indonesia. Masjid ini dirancang oleh Tim Khusus yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah Sumatra Barat. Berbeda dari kebanyakan masjid lainnya, masjid ini memiliki bentuk yang unik yaitu dengan menggabungkan unsur-unsur dari rumah gadang, dan unsur modern, bentuk yang unik menimbulkan persepsi yang bermacam-macam dari masyarakatnya sendiri, baik positif maupun negatif. Dari persepsi yang bermacam-macam tersebut penulis mencoba menelusuri apa makna yang muncul dari bentuk bangunan masjid tersebut. Pencarian makna pada desain masjid ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis bentuk visual, tema, dan esensi di balik itu. Penelitian ini meneliti bagian interior masjid yang menjadi ikon pada bangunan ini yang meliputi arsitektur dan interior bangunannya. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh penulis, masjid ini merupakan bangunan Neo-Vernakular, konsep yang diangkat adalah “Musyawarah dan Mufakat” yang dikenal sebagai filosofi masyarakat Minangkabau dalam mengambil keputusan. Melalui penelitian ini penulis menemukan bahwa masjid ini merupakan simbol pemersatu bagi umat Islam di Sumatera Barat. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari perkembangan budaya masyarakat setempat bahwa umat Islam di Sumatera Barat memiliki beberapa aliran dan beberapa cara pandang yang berbeda terhadap Islam. Dengan demikian, secara tidak langsung masjid ini diharapkan dapat memberikan dampak sosial dan psikologis yang mampu mewakili penyatuan umat Islam di Sumatera Barat. Masjid Raya Sumatra Barat is the largest mosque in West Sumatra, Indone- sia. This mosque was designed by Team elected based by the government of western Sumatra. Different from most other mosques, this mosque has a unique shape that is by incorporating elements of the rumah gadang and modern style. By the uniqe shape, thise mosque made many perception from people inWest Sumatra barat, even positif and negative. From that perception I want to find the meaning of that uniqe shape from arsitecture this mosque. Searching for the meaning on the design of this mosque was done by analyzing the visual form, theme, and the essence behind it. This study examines the parts of the interior of the mosque which became the icons on this building which includes acrhitecture and Interior. Based on research conducted by the author of this mosque is NeoVernacular buildings, theme pre- sented is compromise with icon word in Minangkabau is “musyawah and mufakat” that’s mean is discussion to reach an agreement. Through the study found that this mosque is a unifying symbol for Muslims in West Sumatra - see the development of cultural community, Muslims in the West Sumatra has some of the cult and perspective about Islam. Thus indirectly the mosque is expected to provide social and psychological effects are capable of representing the unification of Muslims in West Sumatra.
Editorial
Authors: Baldiris Navarro Silvia Margarita
Published: November 2018

Como fue anunciado en la última edición del año 2017, este año Teknos Revista Científica lanza en su primera edición del año 2018 su nueva apariencia, que también viene acompañada de un nuevo concepto editorial multidisciplinar.
Catalysis-hub.org: An Open Electronic Structure Database for Surface Reactions
Authors: Winther Kirsten , Hoffmann Max J. , Mamun Osman , Boes Jacob R. , Nørskov Jens K. , Bajdich Michal , Bligaard Thomas
Published: November 2018

We present a new open repository for chemical reactions on catalytic surfaces, available at https://www.catalysis-hub.org. The featured Surface Reactions database contains more than 100,000 chemical adsorption and reaction energies obtained from electronic structure calculations, and is continuously being updated with new datasets. In addition to providing quantum-mechanical results for a broad range of reactions and surfaces from different publications, the database features a systematic, large-scale study of chemical adsorption and hydrogenation on bimetallic alloy surfaces. The database contains reaction specific information, such as the surface composition and reaction energy for each reaction, as well as the atomic surface geometries used in the calculations together with the calculation parameters and output, which are essential for data reproducibility. Data can be accessed from the web-interface as well as from a Python API providing direct access from a local workstation. This enables researchers to efficiently use the data as a basis for further calculations and to generate surrogate models for accelerating the discovery of catalytic materials for sustainable energy applications.
Model Reduction in Chemical Systems- an Alternative Method Applying Discrete Approximation
Authors: Fjeld Magne
Published: November 2018

This paper addresses model reduction in large or spatially distributed systems including diffusion of matter and chemical reactions. If diffusion is present, it would be represented by a diffusion operator (always including a spatial second derivative term). If diffusion is not present, spatial discretization is straightforward. In the latter case, applying the concept of chemical invariants, or the concept of asymptotic chemical invariants, paves the way for model reduction through elimination of the invariants. Inclusion of diffusion destroys the opportunity to obtain invariants , when numerical discretization of the diffusion term is applied. However, the paper demonstrates that application of the invariant concept may be applied even in the case of diffusion of matter in a chemical tubular reactor, if relying on an approximation in modelling of a tubular reactor by a tank-in-the series model. For nonreacting matter, the quality and numerical properties of the tanks-in-the-series model approximation of a tubular reactor is well documented in the literature. However, there is no general proof available for the quality and effectiveness of such an approximation when chemical reactions are present, although example cases show good approximation.
High-Pressure Behaviour of Prussian Blue Analogues: Interplay of Hydration, Jahn-Teller Distortions and Vacancies
Authors: Boström Hanna , Collings Ines E. , Cairns Andrew , Romao Carl P. , Goodwin Andrew
Published: November 2018

We report a high-pressure crystallographic study of four hydrated Prussian blue analogues: M[Pt(CN)6] and M[Co(CN)6]0:67 (M = Mn2+, Cu2+) in the range 0–3GPa. Mn[Co(CN)6]0:67 was

studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, whereas the other systems were only available in polycrystalline form. The Mn-containing compounds undergo pressure-induced phase transitions from Fm¯3m to R¯3 at 1.0–1.5GPa driven by cooperative tilting of the octahedral units. No phase transition was found for the orbitally disordered Cu[Co(CN)6]0:67 up to 3GPa. Mn[Co(CN)6]0:67 is significantly softer than the other samples, with a bulk modulus of 14GPa compared to 35GPa of the powdered samples. The discrepant pressure responses are discussed in terms of the presence of structural defects, Jahn-Teller distortions, and hydration. The implications for the development

of polar systems are reviewed based upon our high-pressure study.
STUDI PEMILIHAN TANAMAN REVEGETASI UNTUK KEBERHASILAN REKLAMASI LAHAN BEKAS TAMBANG
Authors: Setyowati Rr Diah Nugraheni , Amala Nahawanda Ahsanu , Aini Nila Nur Ursyiatur
Published: November 2018

The contribution of the mining sector to forest destruction in Indonesia reaches 10% and now drove to 2 million ha every year. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to reclaim the former mining area. One of the determinants of the success of reclamation is plant’s selection, in accordance with the condition of the land. In this case for revegetation activities need to pay attention between plant’s selectionspecies and plant growth requirements with the condition of the land, so that the reclamation success criteria can be achieved. This research uses descriptive analysis method, this method is done by describing the facts which followed byanalysis and provide sufficient understanding and explanation. Techniques of data collection using comparative analysis method by comparing various journals and other literature. Criteria for selection of tree species for ex-mining land can be seen from:(1) local species of pioneer, (2) fast growing but not in high cost, (3) produces litter that easy to decompose, (4) good root system and able to do reciprocal relationship with certain microba, (5) seed carrier, (6) easy and cheap in propagation, planting and maintenance. The success of revegetation depends on several things such as: preparation of planting, crop, plant maintenance and plant monitoring.

Keywords: mining, reclamation, plant, revegetation
KAJIAN AIR HUJAN MELALUI LUBANG RESAPAN BIOPORI (LRB) DI UIN SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA
Authors: Martha Luluk , Hakim Abdul , Setyowati Rr Diah Nugraheni
Published: November 2018

Lack of green open space (RTH) can lead to flooding and even catastrophic flooding in the event of high rainfall intensity that falls in urban areas. Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya (UINSA) is one of the educational facilities in Surabaya City which is located in the flood prone area of Jemur Wonosari, Wonocolo. One of the technologies used to overcome inundation and flooding and to increase groundwater reserves is the Biopori Infiltration Hole (LRB). UINSA as one of the education facilities in Surabaya City can apply LRB technology to absorb rainwater so that it can reduce runoff of wasted rainwater into ditches to drainage systems. This study aims to determine the amount of LRB that can be applied in UINSA and the percentage of LRB in reducing drainage load. The method used is quantitative descriptive by conducting field survey of open land area, ground infiltration field test, soil type laboratory test and using secondary data daily rainfall. The results of the study showed that the number of LRB that can be applied at UINSA is 741 pieces in open spaces covering an area of 1481.84 m2 with a reduction in drainage load of 42.83%. Keywords: rainwater, biopori infiltration hole, infiltration, drainage load reduction.