FRI357 A Rare Case Of Paraneoplastic Syndrome Of Inappropriate Secretion Of Antidiuretic Hormone In Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Torres Noel , Rios Hillarie , Rios Gretchen , Medina Yashira , Valerio Leidy , Rosa Sherley , Ortiz Adelaida 
Published: October 2023

Disclosure: N. Torres: None. H. Rios: None. G. Rios: None. Y. Medina: None. L. Valerio: None. S. Rosa: None. A. Ortiz: None.

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is characterized by hyponatremia that results from water retention attributable to persistent arginine vasopressin release. SIADH is considered the most common cause of euvolemic hyponatremia. Head and neck cancers are linked with 1.5% of SIADH cases. Cases reported in the literature about this association with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were few, and no incidence data is currently available. We present a rare case of a patient with SIADH secondary to well-differentiated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

A case of 63 y/o male with Oropharyngeal SCC, previous gastrostomy, and tracheostomy due to malignancy. The patient initially presented with general malaise and weakness. Maxillofacial and neck CT scans were remarkable for a mass at the left lateral floor of the mouth, measuring approximately 5.7 cm AP x 2.5 cm transverse x 3.7 cm CC. Physical examination was remarkable for cachexia, but normal skin turgor and moist oral mucosa. An incidental finding of severe hyponatremia of 114 mEq was found. Confirmation of hypotonic euvolemic hyponatremia was performed with a urine osmolality of &gt;100 mOsm per kg and high urine sodium (&gt;40 mEq). These findings presented a strong case for our differential diagnosis of SIADH. Other differential diagnoses were hypothyroidism or adrenal insufficiency. The patient’s thyroid stimulating hormone was within normal levels, and adrenal insufficiency workup was negative, making paraneoplastic SIADH the more likely diagnosis due to SCC. Initial treatment was started with a 3% hypertonic solution drip running at 15 ml/hr. The chemistry panel was monitored every six hours to achieve a 6 mEq change, at a slow rate to avoid osmotic demyelination syndrome, a goal of 122 mEq. Sodium was corrected in 24 hours; 3% saline solution drip was discontinued. Once this level was reached, we continued the fluid restriction (&lt;1L daily), and salt packets with meals. After consultation, Nephrology and Endocrinology services agreed with our diagnosis of hypotonic euvolemic hyponatremia due to ectopic production of paraneoplastic SIADH due to the oropharyngeal SCC. The patient’s hypotonic euvolemic hyponatremia was corrected, symptoms improved, and he was discharged with close follow-up with Hematology/Oncology, Nephrology, and Endocrinology services. Paraneoplastic SIADH due to squamous cell carcinoma is rarely observed in the hospital setting. It is important to consider paraneoplastic SIADH from SCC in the differential diagnosis of hypotonic euvolemic hyponatremia since early diagnosis and treatment can decrease long-term complications. We could have also considered pharmacological therapy for SIADH including the use of demeclocycline, vaptans, and furosemide if the patient had not responded to our interventions. We followed guideline therapy with intravenous hypertonic saline at the start, then transitioned to only using oral salt tablets and fluid restrictions. The patient's hyponatremia steadily improved with our interventions and was able to be discharged with close outpatient follow-up.

Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023