bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensory evaluation of coob 500 chicken meat after application of different additives in their nutrition
Authors: Mellen Martin , Pavelková Adriana , Haščí­k Peter , Bobko Marek , Čuboň Juraj
Published: June 2014

The objective of the experiment was to verify the effect of different feed additives in nutrition of Cobb 500 broiler chickens  on the sensory quality of breast and thigh muscle modified by baking at temperature 200 ºC for 60 minutes. The experiment included 250 one-day-old Cobb 500 hybrid chickens, which were divided into 5 groups (n=50): control (I) and experimental groups (E1 with Agolin Poultry at doses of 100 mg.kg-1, E2 with Agolin Tannin Plus at doses of 500 mg.kg-1, E3 with Biostrong 510+FortiBac at doses of 1000 mg.kg-1 and E4 with Agolin Acid at doses of 1000 mg.kg-1). The chickens were fed during 42 days of age by ad libitum system with feed mixtures: BR1 starter feed mixture (until the of 10th day of age), BR2 growth feed mixture (from 11th to 20th day of age), BR3 growth feed mixture (from 21st to 35th days of age) and BR4 final feed mixture (from 36th to 42nd days of age). Feed mixtures were produced with coccidiostats in powder form. Panellists evaluate aroma, juiciness, taste and tenderness on 5 point hedonic scale where 1 (the worst) and 5 (the best) were the extremes of each characteristic. Significant differences were found between control and experimental group E3 in juiciness and tenderness of breast muscles and between control and experimental group E2 in smell of thigh muscles. Sensory evaluation of breast and thigh muscles in Cobb 500 chickens after application of different feed additives indicated that these additives have not worsened the quality of meat. The highest sensory score was obtained in experimental group E4 (with addition of Agolin Acid at the dose of 1000 mg.kg-1).
Metal Ion Release: Also a Concern for Ceramic-on-Ceramic Couplings?
Authors: Beraudi Alina , Stea Susanna , De Pasquale Dalila , Bordini Barbara , Catalani Simona , Apostoli Pietro , Toni Aldo
Published: June 2014

BIOLOX® delta is the newest ceramic composite material of the BIOLOX® family and its use in hip devices represents a good alternative to Metal-on-Metal or Metal-on-Polyethylene coupling. Some Metal-on-Metal hip devices have shown chromium and cobalt release, which promoted toxic effects. Furthermore, the ceramic composite contains trivalent chromium, even if strongly bound to the alumina lattice. The present study is aimed at detecting any ‘in vivo’ release of chromium ions from BIOLOX® delta bearings in the blood, erythrocytes and urine of patients.

Twenty patients implanted with total hip arthroplasty (THA) with BIOLOX® delta-BIOLOX® delta couplings and 21 subjects with no implanted prostheses were studied. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry equipped with dynamic reaction cell was used for analysis.

In the THA group the Cr ions values were; in blood mean 0.21 µg/l (±0.09), in serum 0.21 µg/l (±0.12), in normalized erythrocytes 0.13 µg/l (±0.09), in normalized urine 0.12 µg/g creatinine (±0.13). In the control group the Cr ions values were; in blood mean 0.22 µg/l (st dev 0.14), in serum 0.17 µg/l (±0.08), in normalized erythrocytes 0.13 µg/l (±0.11), in normalized urine 0.07 µg/g creatinine (±0.08). The Lab reference values were 0.1-5.0 µg/l for blood, 0.1-0.5 µg/l for serum, 0.14-4.58 µg/l for normalised erythrocytes and 0.05-2.2 µg/l for urine.

All samples in both groups resulted in chromium levels within the normal reference range and the safety of BIOLOX® delta ceramics, in terms of chromium ions release, has been demonstrated.
A Two-Year Radiostereometric Follow-up of the First Generation Birmingham Mid Head Resection Arthroplasty
Authors: Itayem Raed , Arndt Anton , Daniel Joseph , McMinn Derek J.W. , Lundberg Arne
Published: June 2014

During the first decade of the 21st century, metal-on-metal hip resurfacing became one of the main treatment options for younger, more active patients with osteoarthritis. However, as a result of the reported failure rate of both total hip replacement (THR) and resurfacing in patients with considerable loss of bone stock in the femoral head (e.g. in extensive avascular necrosis), other solutions have been sought for these patients. The short-stemmed Birmingham Mid Head Resection prosthesis (BMHR) combines a metal-on-metal articulation and a femoral neck preserving feature. In this study, radiostereometric analysis (RSA) was used to study migration of the BMHR femoral component in 13 hips. Translations and rotations were measured up to two years. Relative values showed no statistically significant migration. Absolute values demonstrated settling in occurring between zero and two months postoperatively in all directions studied. From two months to two years no significant migration occurred except for rotation around the x-axis of the femoral segment (p = 0.049). After initial settling-in, absolute values were low, indicating that there was no evidence of early migration or loosening of the components.
Factors Affecting Squeaking in Metal on Metal Hip Resurfacings
Authors: Imbuldeniya Arjuna , Munir Selin , Chow Jason , Walter William L. , Zicat Bernard A. , Walter William K.
Published: June 2014

We reviewed 380 hip resurfacings cases between December 1999 and Dec 2012. 11 cases (2.89%) squeaked postoperatively. Mean follow-up was 88.6 months (19-130 months). Mean time to squeak was 11.3 months (3-22 months). Ten (91%) cases were male and nine (81%) cases had a Birmingham hip resurfacing. Cases were matched for age, gender, BMI and implant to three controls. Radiographs were analysed using EBRA (Einzel-Bild-Roentgen-Analysis, University of Innsbruck, Austria) software to evaluate cup orientation. There was no significant difference between the mean inclination angle of the cups (p = 0.26) or the mean anteversion angle (p = 0.29). There was no difference in serum cobalt (p = 0.20) or serum chromium (p = 0.45) levels at latest follow-up. Three of the 11 (27.3%) cases had revision surgery at a mean follow-up of 101 months (72-117 months). Squeaking was not influenced by patient demographic parameters and resolved in all cases that did not undergo revision surgery. Males with a resurfacing head size <50 mm had significantly increased odds of squeaking when compared to controls (odds ratio = 26.6; 95% CI = 1.2-573.3; p<0.05). Based on our findings, we do not recommend that squeaking on its own should be an indication for revision of hip resurfacing components.
Loss to follow-up after total hip replacement: a source of bias in patient reported outcome measures and registry datasets?
Authors: Imam Mohamed A. , Barke Samuel , Stafford Giles H. , Parkin David , Field Richard E.
Published: June 2014

Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used to gauge clinical performance. The PROMs outcome programme at our centre achieves a preoperative data capture rate of 99%. This falls to 90.6%, 89%, 83% and 79% at the six-week, six-month, one-year and two-year time points, respectively. The study aims were to determine factors associated with patients who did not respond to outcome questionnaires following total hip replacement (THR), and the potential implications this may have when assessing patients following THRs. During the first year of the PROMs programme, 1,322 patients underwent unilateral primary THR at our institution. Of these, 1,311 completed preoperative questionnaires. Thirty-eight patients (2.9%) died within two years of surgery and have been excluded. For the remaining 1,273 patients, we identified those who did not return postoperative questionnaires at each of our review time points. Younger age, lower baseline EQ5D and Oxford Hip scores (OHS) were significantly associated with non-response (p<0.001). Patients with lower satisfaction scores, OHS and EQ5D scores, were less likely to respond to subsequent questionnaires. A significant association between non-response and deprivation (p<0.001) was demonstrated. Our findings suggest that the more satisfied patients are over-represented and our reported outcome results are better than they would have been if all patients had responded. This phenomenon may apply to studies where those categorised as “lost to follow-up” represent a subset of patients who have disengaged due to poor outcome or satisfaction.
Cup Version Can be Accurately Measured on the False Profile View Radiograph
Authors: Lee Joshua K.L. , Sardana Vandit , White Craig , Speirs Andrew , Beaulé Paul E.
Published: June 2014

Introduction

Accurate measurement of cup version on plain radiographs remains difficult due to the two-dimensional projection of an ellipse and difficulty obtaining reproducible radiographs.

Purpose

Determine: 1) if the cup angle measured on the false profile view (FPV) could be used to determine radiographic cup version; 2) how patient positioning would affect cup angle measurement on the FPV; 3) if implant cup design affects cup angle measurement.

Materials and methods

Three cup version positions were assessed in a sawbone: 13° (normal); 28° (excessive anteversion) and −2° (retroversion). Cup angle was measured on the FPV at five different degrees of pelvic rotation within each cup version group. Pelvic rotation was quantified using the ratio of the inter-femoral head distance measured on the FPV versus the anteroposterior radiographs (FP/AP ratio). Eighty patients (40 metal-on-polyethylene, 40 metal-on-metal) post-total hip were also assessed. Cup version was assessed with Einzel-Bild-Roentgen-Analysis software (EBRA). R2 was calculated to assess correlation between both measurement methods.

Results

For the sawbone model, an R2 of 0.95 was obtained. For patients, overall R2 was 0.56 with an FP/AP ratio of 0.3-0.49 having an R2 of 0.72. The EBRA anteversion versus cup angle scatterplot had an R2 of 0.72 (95%CI: +/-7.8°). Subgroup analysis revealed no differences between the metal-on-poly and metal-on-metal for cup angle measurements. The intra-class coefficient for intra- and inter-observer reliability for all cases (individual and combined FP/AP groups) was 0.98 to 0.99.

Conclusion

The FPV cup angle measurement value provides an accurate measurement of radiographic cup anteversion with well-defined patient position parameters.
Computational Models of Aortic Coarctation in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Considerations on Validation of a Detailed 3D model
Authors: Biglino Giovanni , Corsini Chiara , Schievano Silvia , Dubini Gabriele , Giardini Alessandro , Hsia Tain-Yen , Pennati Giancarlo , Taylor Andrew M. ,   MOCHA collaborative group
Published: June 2014

Background

Reliability of computational models for cardiovascular investigations strongly depends on their validation against physical data. This study aims to experimentally validate a computational model of complex congenital heart disease (i.e., surgically palliated hypoplastic left heart syndrome with aortic coarctation) thus demonstrating that hemodynamic information can be reliably extrapolated from the model for clinically meaningful investigations.

Materials and methods

A patient-specific aortic arch model was tested in a mock circulatory system and the same flow conditions were re-created in silico, by setting an appropriate lumped parameter network (LPN) attached to the same three-dimensional (3D) aortic model (i.e., multi-scale approach). The model included a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt and coarctation of the aorta. Different flow regimes were tested as well as the impact of uncertainty in viscosity.

Results

Computational flow and pressure results were in good agreement with the experimental signals, both qualitatively, in terms of the shape of the waveforms, and quantitatively (mean aortic pressure 62.3 vs. 65.1 mmHg, 4.8% difference; mean aortic flow 28.0 vs. 28.4% inlet flow, 1.4% difference; coarctation pressure drop 30.0 vs. 33.5 mmHg, 10.4% difference), proving the reliability of the numerical approach. It was observed that substantial changes in fluid viscosity or using a turbulent model in the numerical simulations did not significantly affect flows and pressures of the investigated physiology. Results highlighted how the non-linear fluid dynamic phenomena occurring in vitro must be properly described to ensure satisfactory agreement.

Conclusions

This study presents methodological considerations for using experimental data to preliminarily set up a computational model, and then simulate a complex congenital physiology using a multi-scale approach.
Evaluation and Comparison of Discovery Tools: An Update
Authors: Chickering F. William , Yang Sharon Q.
Published: June 2014

Abstract: Selection and implementation of a web scale Discovery tool by The Rider University Libraries (RUL) in the 2011-2012 academic year revealed the practical complexity of the endeavor. Research into the state of adoption of Web-scale Discovery tools in North America and the evolution of product effectiveness provided a starting point. The study reported here evaluated a total of 14 major Discovery tools (3 open source and 10 proprietary). The evaluation involves a check list of 16 criteria recognized as the advanced features of a modern OPAC. Some of the features have been used in previous research on Discovery tools and the next generation catalog. The authors examined 5 to 7 library websites that deployed a Discovery tool before a determination is made as to the presence or absence of a feature for a particular Discovery tool. The purpose of the study is to evaluate and compare all the major Discovery tools. These findings will serve to update librarians on the latest development in the library user interface and assist them in their adoption of a Discovery tool.
File Size and the Cost of Processing MARC Records
Authors: Kennedy John P.
Published: June 2014

Many systems being developed for utilizing MARC records in acquisitions and cataloging operations depend on the selection of records from a cumulative tape file. Analysis of cost data accumulated during two years' experience in using MARC records for the production of catalog cards at the Georgia Tech Library indicates that the ratio of titles selected to titles read from the cumulative file is the most significant determinant of cost. This implies that the number of passes of the file must be minimized and an effective formula for limiting the growth of the file must be developed in the design of an economical system.
Book Reviews
Authors: Hammer Donald P. , Branscomb Lewis C. , Livingston Lawrence G. , Palmer Foster M. , Brown Sue , Dodson James T. , Hopkins Judith , Hogan Alan D. , Kilgour Frederick G. , Weitemeyer Mogens
Published: June 2014

Book Reviews
Book Reviews
Authors: Kilgour Frederick G. , Ryder Valerie J. , Polacsek Richard A. , Hopkins Judith , Furth Stephen E. , Clapp Verner W. , Reed Mary Jane , Kilgour Eleanor M. , Voos Henry , Rumics Elizabeth
Published: June 2014

Book Reviews
The Recon Pilot Project: A Progress Report, October 1970-May 1971
Authors: Avram Henriette D. , Maruyama Lenore S.
Published: June 2014

Synopsis of three progress reports on the RECON Pilot Project submitted by the Library of Congress to the Council on Library Resources covering the period October 1970-May 1971. Progress is reported in the following areas: RECON production, foreign language editing test, format recognition, microfilming, input devices, and tasks assigned to the RECON Working Task Force.
SCOPE: A Cost Analysis of an Automated Serials Record System
Authors: Koenig Michael E. D. , Finlay Alexander C. , Cushman Joann G. , Detmer James M.
Published: June 2014

A computerized serials record and control system developed in 1968/69 for the Technical Information Department of Pfizer Inc. is described and subjected to a cost analysis. This cost analysis is conducted in the context of an investment decision, using the concept of net present value, a method not previously used in library literature. The cost analysis reveals a positive net present value and a system life break-even requirement of seven years at a 10% cost of capital. This demonstrates that such an automated system can be economically justifiable in a library of relatively modest size (approx. 1,100 serial and periodical titles). It may be that the break-even point in terms of collection size required for successful automation of serial records is smaller than has been assumed to date.
Title-Only Entries Retrieved by Use of Truncated Search Keys
Authors: Kilgour Frederick G.
Published: June 2014

An experiment testing utility of truncated search keys as inquiry terms in an on-line system was performed on a file of 16,792 title-only bibliographic entries. Use of a 3,3 key yields eight or fewer entries 99.0% of the time.
A Computer System for Effective Management of a Medical Library Network
Authors: Nance Richard E. , Wickham W. Kenneth , Duggan Maryann
Published: June 2014

TRIPS (TALON Reporting and Information Processing System) is an interactive software system for generating reports to NLM on regional medical library network activity and constitutes a vital part of a network management information system (NEMIS) for the South Central Regional Medical Library Program. Implemented on a PDP-lOfSRU 1108 interfaced system, TRIPS accepts paper tape input describing network transactions and generates output statistics on disposition of requests, elapsed time for completing filled requests, time to clear unfilled requests, arrival time distribution of requests by day of month, and various other measures of activity andjor performance. Emphasized in the TRIPS design are flexibility, extensibility, and system integrity. Processing costs, neglecting preparation of input which may be accomplished in several ways, are estimated at $.05 per transaction, a transaction being the transmittal of a message from one library to another.
Book Reviews
Authors: Yovits Marshall C. , Saracevic Tefko , Veaner Allen B. , Fasana Paul J. , Miller Ronald , Eaton Andrew J. , Chaffe Alberta L. , Kilgour Frederick G. , Slamecka V. , Vaillancourt Pauline M.
Published: June 2014

Book Reviews
Penis cancer: a case report
Authors: Sampalmieri Gregorio , Moretti Antonello , De Pascale Luca , Sampalmieri Matteo
Published: June 2014

Penis cancer appears as a small lesion that extends gradually to affect the whole of the glans and the shaft of the penis. Its peak incidence is in men aged 40 to 70 years. The most frequent malignant penis tumour is squamous cell carcinoma, which occurrence is probably favoured by smegma accumulation, HPV16 and 18 infection, smoke, and balanitis xerotica obliterans. Here we discuss the case of a 74-year-old man with sovrapubic pain and swelling. Physical examination reveals swollen glans with purulent secretions and oedema. The final diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma is established by means of RMN and biopsy. Partial penectomy surgery follows. Histopathological examination shows poorly differentiated endophytic infiltrative growth. The tumour infiltrates corpus spongiosum, corpora cavernosa, and urethra. The proximal uretheral stump is free from infiltration (pT3).
Antiphospholipid Syndrome: primary or secondary to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? Description of a clinical case of avitaminosis D in premenopausal woman with pseudo-Cushing syndrome
Authors: Turrin Mauro , Martinelli Sergio
Published: June 2014

Low vitamin D levels have been described in obese individuals and in some autoimmune diseases, such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and primary antiphospholipid syndrome (pAPS). In particular, more than 50% of premenopausal women with pAPS have hypovitaminosis D. In this issue we report a case of an obese, premenopausal, and hypertensive woman with pseudo-Cushing syndrome, affected by deep venous thrombosis associated with pulmonary embolism after rib fracture who presented hypovitaminosis D. 7 years before, diagnosis of pAPS had been made after the detection of thrombocytopenia (present at a young age) and arterial ischemia of a lower limb. For seven years she was treated with acetylsalicylic acid without complications. We found positive anti-dsDNA antibodies, a triple antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) positivity and levels of vitamin D < 4 µg/l. The case report arises some questions: is vitamin D deficiency due to obesity or APS? Is the positivity of anti-dsDNA indicative of progression to SLE? Is preventive therapy with hydroxychloroquine indicated? Does the high-risk aPL profile justify a high-intensity and life-long anticoagulation regimen?
Body composition and habitual and match-day dietary intake of the FNB Maties Varsity Cup rugby players
Authors: Potgieter Sunita , Visser Janicke , Croukamp Ilona , Markides Michelle , Nascimento Jenine , Scott Kelly
Published: June 2014

Background. Rugby is a physically demanding body contact sport. Optimising dietary intake and body composition can positively affect the performance of rugby athletes.Objectives. To determine the body composition, habitual and game-specific nutritional practices of FNB Maties Varsity Cup (MVC) rugby players.Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study with an analytical component was conducted. Of all the MVC rugby players (N=35), 18 completed the sections on body composition and match-day dietary intake, while 11 completed the habitual dietary intake section. Body composition data were collected by an International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry-accredited biokineticist. Habitual dietary intake data (via a self-administered 7-day food record) and match-day dietary strategies (via telephonic 24-hour recall interview) were collected and compared with nutritional requirements reported by the International Olympic Committee, the American Dietetic Association, the American College of Sports Medicine and the International Society of Sport Nutrition.Results. Forwards had significantly higher weight (p=0.01), sum of seven skinfolds (p=0.01), percentage body fat (p=0.02), fat mass (p=0.01) and fat-free mass (p=0.01) than backs. Compared with current recommendations, group habitual dietary intake (mean (stand­ard deviation)) was inadequate for total energy (45.4 (9.0) kcal/kg body weight (BW)), carbohydrate (4.3 (0.4) g/kg BW), polyunsaturated fatty acids (6.2 (1.7)% of total energy (TE)), calcium:protein ratio (6.5:1 (3.5:1)) and copper (2.3 (0.4) mg), while displaying higher-than-recommended intakes for total protein (2.4 (0.7) g/kg BW), fibre (37.7 (7.3) g/day), total fat (33.8 (4.3)% TE), saturated fatty acids (11.2 (13.1)% TE), cholesterol (766.3 (371.8) mg) and niacin (45.2 (6.9) µg). Habitual supplement use was high at 91% (n=10/11). Nutritional match-day strategies were excessive for protein (1.2 (0.6) g/kg BW) and fat (0.9 (0.4) g/kg BW) in the pre-event meal, inadequate for energy and carbohydrate during the game and excessive for alcohol (54.4 (59.9) g) after the game.Conclusion. Forwards and backs differed significantly in various body composition measurements. In relation to observed practices, hab­it­ual dietary intake and nutritional match-day strategies were suboptimal, with high reported supplement use. Players in this sport potentially could benefit from specialist input to optimise dietary strategies and body composition in order to enhance performance.
A Sociomaterial Account of Partnership, Signatures and Accountability in Practice
Authors: Hopwood Nick
Published: June 2014

Professional work is often heralded as undergoing radical transformation. This paper focuses on partnership between health professionals and families as a specific instance of changes aimed at delivering shared responsibility and joint knowledge work. An ethnographic study of a residential child and family health services provides the empirical basis for a detailed examination of what is signed, by whom, and with what effects. I show how signing and signatures provide fertile starting points for sociomaterial analysis, a rich empirical reference point for what Nicolini calls “zooming in” on particular instances, and “zooming out” to understand their connections to other practices. Schatzki’s practice theory is used as a theoretical basis, drawing also on Kemmis’ notions of practice architectures and ecologies of practices to elaborate such connections. I trace how acts of signing and signatures as artefacts are produced through and reflect partnership, indeed pointing to significant changes in professional work. However I also show that wider ecologies of practices present architectures that challenge diffuse accountability and shared epistemic work.
“I Sign, Therefore I am” (Un)stable Traces of Professional Practices
Authors: Gherardi Silvia , Landri Paolo
Published: June 2014

Signatures will be read as (un)stable traces of professional knowledges, practices, and identities. The paper intends to propose a theoretical framework to explore the sociomateriality of signature in occupational and professional practices. This exploration will be conducted by assuming a practice-based approach to “signing in practice” and therefore by paying attention to knowing as a situated practice within organizations. The aim of the paper is to invite to a line of research that considers signatures—in occupational and professional practices—as “matters of fact,” i.e. stable traces resistant to disputation that “make” the professional accountable, and as “social fabrications,” i.e. traces which emerge from professional learning and knowing, thus resulting from stable negotiations of human and nonhuman assemblages.
Certification of Teachers: Tensions in a New Signature Reform
Authors: Solbrekke Tone Dyrdal , Englund Tomas
Published: June 2014

Professional certification or registration is a designation earned by an individual. It is an authorization materialized as a document bearing the signature of a person given the authority to “sign off” professionals. A signed document also signals the “professionalism” of the profession by indicating the capacities that are expected of a professional and the competencies that are required for the successful exercise of an occupation—the desirable components of professional practice. However, the implications and logics of a signing process vary according to different factors, such as status, jurisdiction and societal legitimacy. Drawing on a case from Sweden, this paper investigates and critically discusses the logics of the recent reform of certification of Swedish school teachers. Applying a theoretical distinction between the logics of professional “responsibility” and “accountability,” we indicate embedded consequences for the signing process and teacher professionalism.
SMOS salinity in the subtropical North Atlantic salinity maximum: 1. Comparison with Aquarius and in situ salinity
Authors: Hernandez O. , Boutin J. , Kolodziejczyk N. , Reverdin G. , Martin N. , Gaillard F. , Reul N. , Vergely J. L.
Published: June 2014

Sea surface salinity (SSS) measured from space by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission is validated in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. 39 transects of ships of opportunity equipped with thermosalinographs (TSG) crossed that region from 2010 to 2012, providing a large database of ground truth SSS. SMOS SSS is also compared to Aquarius SSS. Large seasonal biases remain in SMOS and Aquarius SSS. In order to look at the capability of satellite SSS to monitor spatial variability, especially at scales less than 300 km (not monitored with the Argo network), we first apply a monthly bias correction derived from satellite SSS and In Situ Analysis System (ISAS) SSS differences averaged over the studied region. Ship SSS averaged over 25 km is compared with satellite and ISAS SSS. Similar statistics are obtained for SMOS, Aquarius, and ISAS products (root mean square error of about 0.15 and global correlation coefficient r of about 0.92). However, in the above statistics, SSS varies due to both large‐scale and mesoscale (here for scales around 100 km) variability. In order to focus on mesoscale variability, we consider SSS anomalies with respect to a monthly climatology. SMOS SSS and Aquarius SSS anomalies are more significantly correlated (r > 0.5) to TSG SSS anomaly than ISAS. We show the effective gain of resolution and coverage provided by the satellite products over the interpolated in situ data. We also show the advantage of SMOS (r = 0.57) over Aquarius (r = 0.52) to reproduce SSS mesoscale features.
A multimodel regression‐sampling algorithm for generating rich monthly streamflow scenarios
Authors: Li Chao , Singh Vijay P.
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a multimodel regression‐sampling algorithm (MRS) for monthly streamflow simulation. MRS is motivated from the acknowledgment that typical nonparametric models tend to simulate sequences exhibiting too close a resemblance to historical records and parametric models have limitations in capturing complex distributional and dependence characteristics, such as multimodality and nonlinear autocorrelation. The aim of MRS is to generate streamflow sequences with rich scenarios while properly capturing complex distributional and dependence characteristics. The basic assumptions of MRS include: (1) streamflow of a given month depends on a feature vector consisting of streamflow of the previous month and the dynamic aggregated flow of the past 12 months and (2) streamflow can be multiplicatively decomposed into a deterministic expectation term and a random residual term. Given a current feature vector, MRS first relates the conditional expectation to the feature vector through an ensemble average of multiple regression models. To infer the conditional distribution of the residual, MRS adopts the k‐nearest neighbor concept. More precisely, the conditional distribution is estimated by a gamma kernel smoothed density of historical residuals inside the k‐neighborhood of the given feature vector. Rather than obtaining the residuals from the averaged model only, MRS retains all residuals from all the original regression models. In other words, MRS perceives that the original residuals put together would better represent the covariance structure between streamflow and the feature vector. By doing so, the benefit is that a kernel smoothed density of the residual with reliable accuracy can be estimated, which is hardly possible in a single‐model framework. It is the smoothed density that ensures the generation of sequences with rich scenarios unseen in historical record. We evaluated MRS at selected stream gauges and compared with several existing models. Results show that (1) compared with typical nonparametric models, MRS is more apt at generating sequences with richer scenarios and (2) in contrast to parametric models, MRS can reproduce complex distributional and dependence characteristics. Since MRS is flexible at incorporating different covariates, it can be tailored for other potential applications, such as hydrologic forecasting, downscaling, as well as postprocessing deterministic forecasts into probabilistic ones.
Three‐dimensional inversion of seafloor magnetotelluric data collected in the Philippine Sea and the western margin of the northwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Tada Noriko , Baba Kiyoshi , Utada Hisashi
Published: June 2014

We report a result of three‐dimensional (3‐D) upper mantle electrical conductivity inversion of seafloor magnetotelluric data. We used existing data at 25 sites in the Philippine Sea and the western margin of the Pacific Ocean. In order to obtain a reliable model by 3‐D inversion, we evaluated the large and small‐scale topographic effects. We also conducted a comprehensive search of the one‐dimensional (1‐D) profiles of the study area in order to determine the best initial and prior models. A two‐phase inversion method was applied so that the error floors for the diagonal and off‐diagonal elements of the impedance tensor could be separately controlled. Through this first attempt at inverting real data, we obtained basic knowledge about tuning the inversion parameters and conditions. We also proposed a procedure to evaluate the reliability of the 3‐D conductivity anomalies imaged by the inversion by conducting checkerboard and sensitivity tests. After the iterations converged, 13 distinct anomalies were found in the inverted 3‐D conductivity model; four conductive and two resistive anomalies were confirmed to be resolved enough by the data through the checkerboard test. Then the sensitivity tests were conducted to quantify how each anomaly was required by the observed data, and we confirmed that the intensities of three conductive anomalies and one resistive anomaly were statistically significant. This paper presented an example of possible approach in 3‐D seafloor electromagnetic inversion procedure for imaging reliable electrical conductivity structure of the oceanic mantle, which will be useful in understanding dynamics and evolution of solid Earth.
In situ soil moisture coupled with extreme temperatures: A study based on the Oklahoma Mesonet
Authors: Ford Trent W. , Quiring Steven M.
Published: June 2014

The relationship between the observed (in situ) soil moisture and the percent hot days (%HD) in Oklahoma is examined using quantile regression. Consistent with results from previous modeling studies and observational studies using precipitation deficits as proxy, soil moisture is found to most strongly impact air temperature in the upper quantile of the %HD distribution. The utility of soil moisture for forecasting extreme heat events in Oklahoma is also assessed. Our results show that %HD can be predicted with reasonable skill using soil moisture anomalies from the previous month. These soil moisture‐based forecasts of extreme temperature events can be used to support public health and water resource planning and mitigation activities in the Southern Great Plain region of the United States.
Seismic fault zone trapped noise
Authors: Hillers G. , Campillo M. , Ben‐Zion Y. , Roux P.
Published: June 2014

Systematic velocity contrasts across and within fault zones can lead to head and trapped waves that provide direct information on structural units that are important for many aspects of earthquake and fault mechanics. Here we construct trapped waves from the scattered seismic wavefield recorded by a fault zone array. The frequency‐dependent interaction between the ambient wavefield and the fault zone environment is studied using properties of the noise correlation field. A critical frequency fc ≈ 0.5 Hz defines a threshold above which the in‐fault scattered wavefield has increased isotropy and coherency compared to the ambient noise. The increased randomization of in‐fault propagation directions produces a wavefield that is trapped in a waveguide/cavity‐like structure associated with the low‐velocity damage zone. Dense spatial sampling allows the resolution of a near‐field focal spot, which emerges from the superposition of a collapsing, time reversed wavefront. The shape of the focal spot depends on local medium properties, and a focal spot‐based fault normal distribution of wave speeds indicates a ∼50% velocity reduction consistent with estimates from a far‐field travel time inversion. The arrival time pattern of a synthetic correlation field can be tuned to match properties of an observed pattern, providing a noise‐based imaging tool that can complement analyses of trapped ballistic waves. The results can have wide applicability for investigating the internal properties of fault damage zones, because mechanisms controlling the emergence of trapped noise have less limitations compared to trapped ballistic waves.
Retrievals of cloud fraction and cloud albedo from surface‐based shortwave radiation measurements: A comparison of 16 year measurements
Authors: Xie Yu , Liu Yangang , Long Charles N. , Min Qilong
Published: June 2014

Ground‐based radiation measurements have been widely conducted to gain information on clouds and the surface radiation budget. To examine the existing techniques of cloud property retrieval and explore the underlying reasons for uncertainties, a newly developed approach that allows for simultaneous retrievals of cloud fraction and cloud albedo from ground‐based shortwave broadband radiation measurements, XL2013, is used to derive cloud fraction and cloud albedo from ground‐based shortwave broadband radiation measurements at the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains site. The new results are compared with the separate retrieval of cloud fraction and cloud albedo using Long2006 and Liu2011, respectively. The retrievals from the broadband radiation measurements are further compared with those based on shortwave spectral measurements (Min2008). The comparison shows overall good agreement between the retrievals of both cloud fraction and cloud albedo, with noted differences, however. The Long2006 and Min2008 cloud fractions are greater on average than the XL2013 values. Compared to Min2008 and Liu2011, the XL2013 cloud albedo tends to be greater for thin clouds but smaller for thick clouds, with the differences decreasing with increasing cloud fraction; the neglect of land surface albedo and cloud absorption by Liu2011 also contributes the difference in cloud albedo. Further analysis reveals that the approaches that retrieve cloud fraction and cloud albedo separately may suffer from mutual contamination of errors in retrieved cloud fraction and cloud albedo.
Patterns of similarity of seasonal water balances: A window into streamflow variability over a range of time scales
Authors: Berghuijs Wouter R. , Sivapalan Murugesu , Woods Ross A. , Savenije Hubert H. G.
Published: June 2014

Recent hydrologic synthesis efforts have presented evidence that the seasonal water balance is at the core of overall catchment responses, and understanding it will assist in predicting signatures of streamflow variability at other time scales, including interannual variability, the flow duration curve, low flows, and floods. In this study, we group 321 catchments located across the continental U.S. into several clusters with similar seasonal water balance behavior. We then delineate the boundaries between these clusters on the basis of a similarity framework based on three hydroclimatic indices that represent aridity, precipitation timing, and snowiness. The clustering of catchments based on the seasonal water balance has a strong relationship not only with regional patterns of the three climate indices but also with regional ecosystem, soil, and vegetation classes, which point to the strong dependence of these physiographic characteristics on seasonal climate variations and the hydrologic regimes. Building on these catchment clusters, we demonstrate that the seasonal water balance does have an imprint on signatures of streamflow variability over a wide range of time scales (daily to decadal) and a wide range of states (low flows to floods). The seasonal water balance is well integrated into variability at seasonal and longer time scales, but is only partly reflected in the signatures at shorter time scales, including flooding responses. Overall, the seasonal water balance has proven to be a similarity measure that serves as a link between both short‐term hydrologic responses and long‐term adaptation of the landscape with climate.
Gas Phase Chemistry of Gold
Authors: Mathias Weber J.
Published: June 2014

This chapter deals with results from gas phase experiments on mononuclear gold compounds, although there will not be too much discussion of gold in an organic chemistry context. Mass spectrometry in combination with laser spectroscopic techniques has made a wealth of experimental data on gold complexes available. Such experiments can yield deep and detailed insight into the chemistry of gold, since the target systems are very well defined and circumvent the difficulties associated with solvent interaction and speciation that complicate many experiments in condensed phase environments. Moreover, gas phase experiments can serve to validate computational and theoretical approaches to gold chemistry. We discuss experimental approaches to bring gold compounds into the gas phase, and we showcase data on complexes with atomic and molecular ligands, as well as studies on the reactivity of gold ions.
The interrelation between victimization and bullying inside young offender institutions
Authors: Häufle Jenny , Wolter Daniel
Published: June 2014

Bullying and victimization are serious problems within prisons. Young Offender Institutions (YOIs), in particular, suffer from high rates of inmate‐on‐inmate violence. More recent theories about the development of bullying in closed custody institutions imply a relationship between the experience of victimization and the usage of bullying. In our study, we test this linkage using longitudinal survey data taken at two time‐points from 473 inmates (aged 15–24) inside three YOIs in Germany. We first analyze the extent of bullying and victimization, and then used a longitudinal structural equation model to predict inmate bullying behavior at time 2 based on victimization that occurred at time 1. Age is used as a predictor variable to account for differences in the amount of victimization and bullying. Results suggest that bullying and victimization are high in the YOIs, which were subject to research. Most inmates reported being a bully and a victim at the same time. Younger inmates use more direct physical bullying but not psychological bullying. An increase in psychological bullying over time can significantly be explained by victimization at an earlier measurement time point. Our study therefore supports recent theoretical assumptions about the development of bullying behavior. Possible implications for prevention and intervention are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 41:335–345, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intracellular Microenvironment‐Responsive Label‐Free Autofluorescent Nanogels for Traceable Gene Delivery
Authors: Shi Bingyang , Zhang Hu , Qiao Shi Zhang , Bi Jingxiu , Dai Sheng
Published: June 2014

Gene therapy presents a unique opportunity for the treatment of genetic diseases, but the lack of multifunctional delivery systems has hindered its clinical applications. Here, a new delivery vector, autofluorescent polyethyleneimine (PEI) nanogels, for highly efficient and traceable gene delivery is developed. Different from commercial high‐molecular‐weight PEI, the cationic nanogels are noncytotoxic and able to be fragmented due to their unique intracellular microenvironment‐responsive structures. The biodegradable nanogels can effectively load plasmid DNA (pDNA), and the self‐assembled polyplexes can be cleaved after cellular uptake to improve gene transfection efficiency. Most importantly, the nanogels and the nanogel/pDNA polyplexes are autofluorescent. The fluorescence is stable in blood plasma and responsive to the intracellular microenvironment. The breakup of the nanogels or polyplexes leads to the loss of fluorescence, and thus the gene delivery and carrier biodegradation processes can be monitored. The reported multifunctional system demonstrates excellent biocompatibility, high transfection efficiency, responsive biodegradability, controlled gene release, label‐free and simultaneous fluorescence tracking, which will provide a new platform for future scientific investigation and practical implications in gene therapy.
Does parent of origin matter? Methylation studies should be performed on patients with multiple copies of the Prader–Willi/Angelman syndrome critical region
Authors: Aypar Umut , Brodersen Pamela R. , Lundquist Patrick A. , Dawson D. Brian , Thorland Erik C. , Hoppman Nicole
Published: June 2014

Deletion of 15q11.2‐q13 results in either Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) or Angelman syndrome (AS) depending on the parent of origin. Duplication of the PWS/AS critical region (PWASCR) has also been reported in association with developmental delay and autism, and it has been shown that they also show a parent‐of‐origin effect. It is generally accepted that maternal duplications are pathogenic. However, there is conflicting evidence as to the pathogenicity of paternal duplications. We have identified 35 patients with gain of the PWASCR using array comparative genomic hybridization. Methylation testing was performed to determine parent of origin of the extra copies. Of the 35 cases, 22 had a supernumerary marker chromosome 15 (SMC15), 12 had a tandem duplication, and 1 had a tandem triplication. Only one patient had a paternal duplication; this patient does not have features typical of patients with maternal duplication of the PWASCR. Three of the mothers had a tandem duplication (two were paternal and one was maternal origin). While one of the two mothers with paternal duplication was noted not to have autism, the other was noted to have learning disability and depression. Based on our data, we conclude that SMC15 are almost exclusively maternal in origin and result in an abnormal phenotype. Tandem duplications/triplications are generally of maternal origin when ascertained on the basis of abnormal phenotype; however, tandem duplications of paternal origin have also been identified. Therefore, we suggest that methylation testing be performed for cases of tandem duplications/triplications since the pathogenicity of paternal gains is uncertain. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief communication: Artificial cranial modification in Kow Swamp and Cohuna
Authors: Durband Arthur C.
Published: June 2014

The crania from Kow Swamp and Cohuna have been important for a number of debates in Australian paleoanthropology. These crania typically have long, flat foreheads that many workers have cited as evidence of genetic continuity with archaic Indonesian populations, particularly the Ngandong sample. Other scientists have alleged that at least some of the crania from Kow Swamp and the Cohuna skull have been altered through artificial modification, and that the flat foreheads possessed by these individuals are not phylogenetically informative. In this study, several Kow Swamp crania and Cohuna are compared to known modified and unmodified comparative samples. Canonical variates analyses and Mahalanobis distances are generated, and random expectation statistics are used to calculate statistical significance for these tests. The results of this study agree with prior work indicating that a portion of this sample shows evidence for artificial modification of the cranial vault. Many Kow Swamp crania and Cohuna display shape similarities with a population of known modified individuals from New Britain. Kow Swamp 1, 5, and Cohuna show the strongest evidence for modification, but other individuals from this sample also show evidence of culturally manipulated changes in cranial shape. This project provides added support for the argument that at least some Pleistocene Australian groups were practicing artificial cranial modification, and suggests that caution should be used when including these individuals in phylogenetic studies. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:173–178, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Refractory status epilepticus, circulatory collapse after cardiac arrest, and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by severe isolated fluvoxamine poisoning: a case report
Authors: Kan'o Tomomichi , Kamijo Yoshihito , Hattori Jun , Kashimi Fumie , Sato Chie , Yoshimura Kuniko
Published: June 2014

Case

A 30‐year‐old female ingested 21.75 g fluvoxamine in a suicide attempt. She presented with grand mal seizures and vomiting on admission to our Emergency Center, with a fluvoxamine serum concentration of 4.58 μg/mL. The patient was diagnosed with status epilepticus, which could not be fully suppressed with the maximum dosage of benzodiazepines. The patient also developed circulatory collapse after resuscitation for sudden cardiac arrest and acute respiratory distress syndrome, believed to be secondary to aspiration.

Outcome

With venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, a massive infusion of propofol successfully suppressed status epilepticus, and both the circulatory collapse and acute respiratory distress syndrome gradually improved; venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and propofol treatments were then terminated, and the patient was discharged without further disabilities.

Conclusion

Compared to all other reported clinical cases of fluvoxamine poisoning, the patient in this study ingested the highest dose and developed the most severe symptoms, but was successfully treated without any disabilities.