bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Soil Amendments with Botanical Leaves on Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Authors: Palle Sandhya Sri , Simon Sobita
Published: October 2022

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a earliest crop which is a member of the Phaseoleae tribe of the Leguminosae Family widely known as Lobia, which is a better alternative source for protein, minerals etc., as compared to other legumes. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) cause a major loss in cowpea production by hindering nutrient and water uptake. Leaf waste of marigold, rose, calotropis, euphorbia, neem and castor as botanical amendments were experimented under field conditions during kharif 2021 for their effectiveness against the root knot nematodes, rhizobium nodule and growth parameters. Field studies were conducted in randomized blocks with six treatments and three replications. Among the composts, the treatment Neem leaf compost remarkably increased the Plant height at 90 DAS (293 cm), root length at 90 DAS (29.16cm), rhizobium nodules (5), and significantly decreased the root weight at 90 DAS (3.5  gm)  and  root  knots  in  the  root  system  of  cowpea  at  90  DAS  (10.67).  The weight of the roots decreased because of a decrease in the number of root knot in cowpea compared to other composts and control T0.
Effect of Different Type of Mulches on Soil Properties and Weed Control Efficiency in Cauliflower Var. Pusa Snowball K-1
Authors: Patel Nihar A. , Mangroliya R. M. , Desai Y. G. , Patel J. J. , Gondaliya B. R.
Published: October 2022

The present experiment was conducted during winter 2021-22 at Polytechnic in Horticulture, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Paria, Gujarat, India to study the effect of different type of mulches on soil properties and weed control efficiency in cauliflower var. Pusa Snowball K-1. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications and nine treatments viz., T1- Black polyethylene mulch, T2- Silver polyethylene mulch, T3- Red polyethylene mulch, T4- Silver black polyethylene mulch, T5- White polyethylene mulch, T6- Paddy straw mulch (10 t ha-1), T7- Sugarcane trash (10 t ha-1), T8- Farmer’s practice (Two hand weeding with flood irrigation) and T9- Control (No mulch). The study revealed that the black polyethylene mulch had a positive impact on soil properties and weed control efficiency in cauliflower var. Pusa Snowball K-1. Black polyethylene mulch (T1) recorded maximum soil temperature (32.70 °C, 32.33 °C, 29.86 °C, 27.93 °C, 27.73 °C, 31.70 °C and 33.93 °C) and soil moisture content (23.65 %, 22.60 %, 20.98 %, 22.26 %, 21.55 %, 20.65 % and 22.46 %) at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105 DATP, respectively. The highest weed control efficiency (97.26 %) was also recorded by black polyethylene mulch (T1) among the all treatments.
Anticonvulsant Activity of Methanol Extract of Harungana madagascariensis Leaf on Mice Model of Isoniazid-induced Siezure
Authors: Celestine Ugwu Obiora , Jude Ali Ibeabuchi , Asogwa Felix Keneolisa , Maduabuchi Okonkwo Raymond , Nnamdi Nwafor Samuel
Published: October 2022

Background: Epilepsy is a neurological illness that affects people of all ages and is characterized by excessive electric activity in the brain. This causes social embarrassment coupled with side effect of orthodox medication; hence, the needs to search for plant with antiepileptic agent.

Aims: This study aimed at investigating the anticonvulsive effects of Methanol extract of  Harungana madagascriensis leaves on the isoniazid-induced (300 mg/kg, i.p) seizure in adult mice.

Study Design: This is an original research carried out in the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of pharmaceutical Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Agbani, Enugu State, Nigeria, between Jan and June, 2021.

Methodology: The pulverized leaf of Harungana. madagascariensis was extracted using cold maceration and the phytochemical screening was carried out by the method of Treas and Evans The acute toxicity study was evaluated by the method of Lorke’s and Anticonvulsant study was carried by the method of Webster and Velluci. Data generated was statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA.

Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids and steroids. Flavonoids, Phenols, and terpenoids appeared in abundant concentration (4264.00 ±360.2,14065.00 ±538.4, 5484.00±30.4). Acute toxicity tests showed no toxicity and mortality at doses up to 5000 mgkg-1. Anticonvulsant study revealed that the extract significantly (p =.05) delayed the onset of clonic seizure in a dose dependent manner and abridge the duration of siezure on the group treated with 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w of extract compared with normal control when induced with isoniazid (300 mg/kg, i.p.).

Conclusion: The results suggest that methanol extract of Harungana. madagascariensis leaves may have anticonvulsant activity, coupled with the presence of active secondary metabolites such as saponins, steriods and flavoniods which has a potentials for the management of epilepsy.
Characterization of a Hepatitis Outbreak in Children, 2021 to 2022
Authors: Alexander Emma C. , Deep Akash
Published: October 2022

Importance

After a cluster of pediatric cases of hepatitis of unknown etiology were identified in Scotland in March 2022, the World Health Organization published an outbreak alert, and more than 1010 probable cases were reported. Some cases progressed to acute liver failure and required liver transplant. Although many patients had positive results for adenovirus on polymerase chain reaction testing from whole blood samples and/or reported recent COVID-19 infection (with or without seropositivity), the precise pathogenesis remains unclear despite the high potential morbidity of this condition.

Objective

To summarize the currently available evidence regarding novel pediatric hepatitis of unknown etiology (or novel hepatitis), encompassing case numbers, testing, management, and outcomes.

Evidence Review

A rapid review of the literature from April 1, 2021, to August 30, 2022, aimed to identify all available published case series and case-control studies of novel hepatitis. The search included PubMed and references and citations of short-listed studies.

Findings

A total of 22 available case series and case-control studies describing 1643 cases were identified, with 120 children (7.3%) receiving liver transplants and 24 deaths (1.5%). Outcome reporting and testing for adenovirus and SARS-CoV-2 was incomplete. Assessment of disease severity and management was mixed and results regarding testing for adenovirus and SARS-CoV-2 were inconsistent for both serological testing and testing of explant or biopsy liver samples. More recent studies suggest a more plausible role for adenovirus and/or adeno-associated virus 2.

Conclusions and Relevance

This systematic review without meta-analysis describes the challenge posed by hepatitis of unknown etiology in terms of investigation and management, with many cases progressing to acute liver failure. The lack of clarity regarding pathogenesis means that these children may be missing the potential for targeted therapies to improve outcomes and avert the need for transplant. Clinicians, immunologists, and epidemiologists must collaborate to investigate the pathogenesis of this novel hepatitis.
Rapidly Photocurable Solid‐State Poly(ionic liquid) Ionogels For Thermally Robust and Flexible Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Poh Wei Church , Eh Alice Lee‐Sie , Wu Wenting , Guo Xiaoyu , Lee Pooi See
Published: October 2022

Formation of ionogels through in situ polymerization can effectively improve electrolyte processability; however, the curing process has been slow and oxygen‐sensitive. Considering the low oxygen solubility of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), in situ polymerized ionogels are designed to realize excellent electrolytes. Herein, two in situ polymerized ionogels (PIL A & PIL B) are formulated, and they can be rapidly photocured within a minute. The ionogels are highly transparent, stretchable, and exhibit excellent physicochemical stability, including thermal, electrochemical, and air stability, allowing them to perform in various conditions. Benefitting from these properties, two high‐performance electrochromic devices (ECDs) are assembled, with iron‐centered coordination polymer (FeCP) and tungsten oxide (P‐WO3) electrochromic materials, achieving high color contrast (45.2% and 56.4%), fast response time (1.5/1.9 and 1.7/6.4 s), and excellent cycling endurance (>90% retention over 3000 cycles). Attributed to the thermal robustness of the ionogels, the ECDs can also be operated over a wide temperature range (−20 to 100 °C). With the use of deformable substrates (e.g., ultrathin ITO glass), curved electrochromic eye protector and flexible electrochromic displays are realized, highlighting their potential use in futuristic wearables.
Intelligent Material Data Preparation Mechanism Based on Ensemble Learning for AI‐Based Ceramic Material Analysis
Authors: Imran  , Iqbal Naeem , Kim Do‐Hyeun
Published: October 2022

Research interest in ceramic materials increased due to their extensive environmental, biomedical, and electronic applications. Increased demand for ceramics with specialized experimental conditions and limited resources has resulted in a higher cost for scientific practices and applications. Enormous material data is accumulated from traditional and high‐tech experimentation, but the manual recording process has shown inconsistencies in the analysis results. Recently, application based on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning has been able to address the issues of traditional scientific experiments in material science. However, no machine learning mechanisms are proposed for sophisticated data preparation and AI‐based discovery application of ceramics. This paper proposed an intelligent material data preparation mechanism based on ensemble learning for AI‐assisted material screening and discovery. The current method can potentially resolve the problems of missing and inconsistent material data. As a case study, a material data preparation platform for ceramic material data pre‐processing is developed. For performance evaluation of the proposed mechanism, machine learning regression models are trained before and after the imputation techniques applied to the data. Performance analysis shows that the ensemble model of deep learning network (DNN) and automated machine learning (autoML) performed better as compared to previously reported imputation approaches.
Outward Movement of Targeting Ligands from a Built‐In Reserve Pool in Nuclease‐Resistant 3D Hierarchical DNA Nanocluster for in Vivo High‐Precision Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Weijun , Gao Yansha , Chen Yaxin , Wang Wenqing , Li Qian , Huang Zhiyi , Zhang Jingjing , Xiang Qi , Wu Zai‐Sheng
Published: October 2022

Nanostructures made entirely of DNAs display great potential as chemotherapeutic drug carriers but so far cannot achieve sufficient clinic therapy outcomes due to off‐target toxicity. In this contribution, an aptamer‐embedded hierarchical DNA nanocluster (Apt‐eNC) is constructed as an intelligent carrier for cancer‐targeted drug delivery. Specifically, Apt‐eNC is designed to have a built‐in reserve pool in the interior cavity from which aptamers may move outward to function as needed. When surface aptamers are degraded, ones in reserve pool can move outward to offer the compensation, thereby magically preserving tumor‐targeting performance in vivo. Even if withstanding extensive aptamer depletion, Apt‐eNC displays a 115‐fold enhanced cell targeting compared with traditional counterparts and at least 60‐fold improved tumor accumulation. Moreover, one Apt‐eNC accommodates 5670 chemotherapeutic agents. As such, when systemically administrated into HeLa tumor‐bearing BALB/c nude mouse model, drug‐loaded Apt‐eNC significantly inhibits tumor growth without systemic toxicity, holding great promise for high precision therapy.
A Versatile Biomimic Nanotemplating Fluidic Assay for Multiplex Quantitative Monitoring of Viral Respiratory Infections and Immune Responses in Saliva and Blood
Authors: Siavash Moakhar Roozbeh , del Real Mata Carolina , Jalali Mahsa , Shafique Houda , Sanati Alireza , de Vries Justin , Strauss Julia , AbdElFatah Tamer , Ghasemi Fahimeh , McLean Myles , I. Hosseini Imman , Lu Yao , Yedire Sripadh Guptha , Mahshid Sahar Sadat , Tabatabaiefar Mohammad Amin , Liang Chen , Mahshid Sara
Published: October 2022

The last pandemic exposed critical gaps in monitoring and mitigating the spread of viral respiratory infections at the point‐of‐need. A cost‐effective multiplexed fluidic device (NFluidEX), as a home‐test kit analogous to a glucometer, that uses saliva and blood for parallel quantitative detection of viral infection and body's immune response in an automated manner within 11 min is proposed. The technology integrates a versatile biomimetic receptor based on molecularly imprinted polymers in a core–shell structure with nano gold electrodes, a multiplexed fluidic‐impedimetric readout, built‐in saliva collection/preparation, and smartphone‐enabled data acquisition and interpretation. NFluidEX is validated with Influenza A H1N1 and SARS‐CoV‐2 (original strain and variants of concern), and achieves low detection limit in saliva and blood for the viral proteins and the anti‐receptor binding domain (RBD) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM), respectively. It is demonstrated that nanoprotrusions of gold electrodes are essential for the fine templating of antibodies and spike proteins during molecular imprinting, and differentiation of IgG and IgM in whole blood. In the clinical setting, NFluidEX achieves 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity by testing 44 COVID‐positive and 25 COVID‐negative saliva and blood samples on par with the real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (p < 0.001, 95% confidence) and the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.
Ultralight, Elastic, Hybrid Aerogel for Flexible/Wearable Piezoresistive Sensor and Solid–Solid/Gas–Solid Coupled Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Huang Tianci , Long Yong , Dong Zilong , Hua Qilin , Niu Jianan , Dai Xinhuan , Wang Jiangwen , Xiao Junfeng , Zhai Junyi , Hu Weiguo
Published: October 2022

Aerogels have been attracting wide attentions in flexible/wearable electronics because of their light weight, excellent flexibility, and electrical conductivity. However, multifunctional aerogel‐based flexible/wearable electronics for human physiological/motion monitoring, and energy harvest/supply for mobile electronics, have been seldom reported yet. In this study, a kind of hybrid aerogel (GO/CNT HA) based on graphene oxide (GO) and carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CMWCNTs) is prepared which can not only used as piezoresistive sensors for human motion and physiological signal detections, but also as high performance triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) coupled with both solid–solid and gas–solid contact electrifications (CE). The repeatedly loading–unloading tests with 20 000 cycles exhibit its high and ultrastable piezoresistive sensor performances. Moreover, when the obtained aerogel is used as the electrode of a TENG, high electric output performance is produced due to the synergistic effect of solid–solid, and gas–solid interface CEs (3D electrification: solid–solid interface CE between the two solid electrification layers; gas–solid interface CE between the inner surface of GO/CNT HA and the air filled in the aerogel pores). This kind of aerogel promises good applications for human physiological/motion monitoring and energy harvest/supply in flexible/wearable electronics such as piezoresistive sensors and flexible TENG.
Metasurface‐Assisted Wireless Communication with Physical Level Information Encryption
Authors: Zheng Yilin , Chen Ke , Xu Zhiyuan , Zhang Na , Wang Jian , Zhao Junming , Feng Yijun
Published: October 2022

Since the discovery of wireless telegraphy in 1897, wireless communication via electromagnetic (EM) signals has become a standard solution to address increasing demand for information transfer in modern society. With the rapid growth of EM wave manipulation technique, programmable metasurface (PM) has emerged as a new type of wireless transmitter by directly modulating digital information without complex microwave components, thus providing an alternative to simplify the conventional wireless communication system. However, the challenges of improving information security and spectrum utilization still exist. Here, a dual‐band metasurface‐assisted wireless communication scheme is introduced to provide additional physical channels for the enhancement of information security. The information is divided into several parts and transmitted through different physical channels to accomplish information encryption, greatly reducing the possibility of eavesdropping. As the proof of concept, a dual‐channel and high‐security wireless communication system based on a 1‐bit PM is established to simultaneously transmit two different parts of a picture to two receivers. Experiments show that the transmitted picture can be successfully retrieved only if the received signals of different receivers are synthetized as predefined. The proposed scheme provides a new route of employing PM in information encryption and spectrum utilization of wireless communication.
Minimally invasive biomarkers in human population biology research, part 2: An introduction to the special issue
Authors: Snodgrass J. Josh
Published: October 2022

Over the past several decades, biomarkers have become indispensable tools in human biology, allowing researchers to investigate biocultural and evolutionary questions and to generate basic data on health and well‐being. Human biologists are central players in biomarker methods development, pioneering the creation of “field friendly,” minimally invasively collected biomarker approaches, as well as leading the innovative use of biomarkers, most notably to map the complex pathways from social and environmental conditions to altered physiology to health effects. This special issue, Part 2 of a collection focused on minimally invasively collected biomarkers, is comprised of nine papers that jointly contribute to driving the science of biomarker methods development and application. This compilation of papers engages with topics such as biological normalcy, ecoimmunology, and the ethics of working with vulnerable and underserved populations. It also focuses attention on research areas at present not emphasized in human biology such as bone turnover markers as a window onto osteoporosis and osteoarthritis and the use of cancer‐related biomarkers in population screening and epidemiology. Taken together, these papers help draw the roadmap for future biomarker work, emphasizing: (1) the need for systematic and transparent approaches to assay validation, with open access publication; (2) simultaneous measurement of multiple biomarkers and expanded use of instrument platforms that increase the range of physiological, genomics, and omics markers available to researchers; and, (3) increased attention to ethics and researcher responsibilities, encouraging a mindset that recognizes our obligation to provide benefits to individuals and communities and to help redress past abuses.
Catalyst‐free 1,6‐Conjugate Addition of S‐Nucleophiles to para‐Quinone Methides
Authors: Xie Lei , Zang Xuyang , Liu Wanxing , Wu Ping , Wang Zhaoxue , Zhao Chenyi , Gao Zhenzhen , Li Xiaojing , Nie Shaozhen , Wu Lingang
Published: October 2022

An efficient access to a large array of diarylmethane thioether derivatives is developed through catalyst‐free 1,6‐conjugate addition of 1,4‐dithiane‐2,5‐diols with para‐quinone methides in high to excellent yields. Moreover, this reaction system is also suitable for other sulfur‐based nucleophiles, and the resulting products can be readily converted into other valuable diarylmethane derivatives.
Combination Cancer Treatment: Using Engineered DNAzyme Molecular Machines for Dynamic Inter‐ and Intracellular Regulation
Authors: Qian Ruo‐Can , Zhou Ze‐Rui , Wu Yuting , Yang Zhenglin , Guo Weijie , Li Da‐Wei , Lu Yi
Published: October 2022

Despite the promise of combination cancer therapy, it remains challenging to develop targeted strategies that are nontoxic to normal cells. Here we report a combination therapeutic strategy based on engineered DNAzyme molecular machines that can promote cancer apoptosis via dynamic inter‐ and intracellular regulation. To achieve external regulation of T‐cell/cancer cell interactions, we designed a DNAzyme‐based molecular machine with an aptamer and an i‐motif, as the MUC‐1‐selective aptamer allows the specific recognition of cancer cells. The i‐motif is folded under the tumor acidic microenvironment, shortening the intercellular distance. As a result, T‐cells are released by metal ion activated DNAzyme cleavage. To achieve internal regulation of mitochondria, we delivered another DNAzyme‐based molecular machine with mitochondria‐targeted peptides into cancer cells to induce mitochondria aggregation. Our strategy achieved an enhanced killing effect in zinc deficient cancer cells.
Enhanced Acidic Water Oxidation by Dynamic Migration of Oxygen Species at the Ir/Nb2O5−x Catalyst/Support Interfaces
Authors: Shi Zhaoping , Li Ji , Jiang Jiadong , Wang Yibo , Wang Xian , Li Yang , Yang Liting , Chu Yuyi , Bai Jingsen , Yang Jiahao , Ni Jing , Wang Ying , Zhang Lijuan , Jiang Zheng , Liu Changpeng , Ge Junjie , Xing Wei
Published: October 2022

Catalyst/support interaction plays a vital role in catalysis towards acidic oxygen evolution (OER), and the performance reinforcement is currently interpreted by either strain or electron donation effect. We herein report that these views are insufficient, where the dynamic evolution of the interface under potential bias must be considered. Taking Nb2O5−x supported iridium (Ir/Nb2O5−x) as a model catalyst, we uncovered the dynamic migration of oxygen species between IrOx and Nb2O5−x during OER. Direct spectroscopic evidence combined with theoretical computation suggests these migrations not only regulate the in situ Ir structure towards boosted activity, but also suppress its over‐oxidation via spontaneously delivering excessive oxygen from IrOx to Nb2O5−x. The optimized Ir/Nb2O5−x thus demonstrated exceptional performance in scalable water electrolyzers, i.e., only need 1.839 V to attain 3 A cm−2 (surpassing the DOE 2025 target), and no activity decay during a 2000 h test at 2 A cm−2.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Benzylic C(sp3)−H Functionalizations: Divergent Synthesis of Indole[a]‐ and [b]‐Fused Polycycles**
Authors: Greiner Luca C. , Arichi Norihito , Inuki Shinsuke , Ohno Hiroaki
Published: October 2022

Phenyl azides substituted by an (alkylphenyl)ethynyl group facilitate benzylic sp3(C−H) functionalization in the presence of a JohnPhosAu catalyst, resulting in indole‐fused tetra‐ and pentacycles via divergent N‐ or C‐cyclization. The chemoselectivity is influenced depending on the counter‐anion, the electron density of the α‐imino gold(I) carbene, and the alkyl groups stabilizing the benzylic carbocation originating from a 1,5‐hydride shift. An isotopic labeling experiment demonstrates the involvement of an indolylgold(I) species resulting from a tautomerization that is much faster than the deauration. The formation of a benzylic sp3(C−H) functionalization leading to an indole‐fused seven‐membered ring is also demonstrated.
Copper Schiff base complex immobilized on magnetic graphene oxide: Efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst for treating environmental pollutants and synthesis of chromenes
Authors: Dastjerdy Mahshid Sheikh , Monadi Niaz
Published: October 2022

Herein, a new Cu(II) Schiff base complex was immobilized onto the magnetic graphene oxide surface through a stepwise procedure. The as‐synthesized nanostructure (GO/Fe3O4/CuL) was characterized by various techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), Raman spectroscopies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopies, N2 adsorption–desorption analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The catalytic activity of the synthesized nanocatalyst was examined in 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP), Congo red (CR), and methylene blue (MB) reduction using NaBH4 in an aqueous solution at room temperature. The reaction progress was monitored by UV–Vis spectroscopy. Also, the synthesized nanostructure was evaluated as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 2‐amino‐4H‐benzopyrans via three‐component reactions of 1‐naphthol, malononitrile, and various aldehydes in ethanol/water at 50°C. The use of green solvents, the short reaction time, the high product yield, and easy separation from the reaction environment are the main benefits of this catalytic system. By covalent grafting of the complex on the graphene oxide surface, its catalytic performance significantly increased compared with graphene oxide; this is probably related to the chemical change of the graphene oxide surface. The results show the high chemical stability and the improved reusability of the synthesized nanocatalyst (six times) without significant loss in the catalytic activity of GO/Fe3O4/CuL nanocomposite.
Kazakhstani womenʼs participation in online marketplaces: Benefits and barriers
Authors: Kireyeva Anel A. , Satpayeva Zaira T. , Kenzhegulova Gaukhar K. , Kangalakova Dana M. , Jussibaliyeva Aruzhan
Published: October 2022

This study aims to investigate womenʼs participation in offline and online marketplaces and identify related factors, particularly the digital divide, access to the internet, and the level of information and communications technology (ICT) proficiency. It discusses the empirical methodology of its two approaches: a descriptive analysis of statistical data and a sociological survey. This study employs quantitative analyses. The respondents to this study were women who used marketplaces in Kazakhstan. The model was tested using the data for 295 respondents. The results reveal the COVID‐19 pandemic affected both the number of online purchases and the structure of those purchases: women began ordering more medicines and food, and less equipment and clothing online. The main factors affecting participation in online marketplaces are income level, access to the internet, and the use of ICT. This study tries to reduce the gap in the literature on the benefits and barriers for women by providing empirical evidence about the influence of COVID‐19 on online marketplaces.
A Proton Conducting Cobalt(II) Spin Crossover Complex
Authors: Shao Dong , Yang Jiong , Wei Xiao‐Qin , Shi Le , You Maolin , Yang Xiaodong , Ruan Zhijun , Tian Zhengfang
Published: October 2022

Spin crossover (SCO) complexes have been extensively explored as bistable materials and recently used as molecular modules for the development of new multifunctional molecular magnetic materials. Herein, we present the synthesis, crystal structure, magnetic, and electrical properties of a mononuclear cobalt complex constructed by a halogen‐functionalized terpyridine derivative and organosulfonate. A complete and gradual spin transition with the T1/2=200 K was observed for the Co2+ ions through both the magnetic measurement and dynamic crystallographic experiments. Interestingly, considerable room temperature proton conductivity of 6.9×10−5 S cm−1 under 98% relative humidity was evidenced because of the presence of sulfonate‐assisted hydrogen‐bonded proton hopping pathways. The forgoing results not only provide an unprecedented proton‐conducting cobalt(II) SCO complex but also a promising way for the design and construction of bifunctional SCO molecular conductors via the incorporation of SCO transition and proton conduction.
Underwater guidance of distributed autonomous underwater vehicles using one leader
Authors: Kim Jonghoek
Published: October 2022

Consider the case where autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are deployed to monitor a 3D underwater environment. This paper tackles the problem of guiding all AUVs to the destination while not colliding with a priori unknown 3D obstacles. Suppose that among all AUVs, only the leader AUV has an ability of locating itself, while accessing a destination location. A follower, an AUV that is not a leader, has no sensors for locating itself. Every follower can only measure the relative position of its neighbor AUVs utilizing its sonar sensors. Our paper addresses distributed controls, so that multiple followers track the leader while preserving communication connectivity. We design controls, so that all AUVs reach the destination safely, while maintaining connectivity in cluttered 3D environments. To the best of our knowledge, our article is novel in developing 3D underwater guidance controls, so that all AUVs equipped with sonar sensors are guided to reach a destination in a priori unknown cluttered environments. MATLAB simulations are used to validate the proposed guidance scheme in underwater environments with many obstacles.
Fabrication of IrxTa100−xOy as counter electrodes in saline water
Authors: Lee Na Yeon , Im Han Seo , Lee Sumin , Lee Hyun Joo , Choi Hyun Seung , Lim Sung Yul
Published: October 2022

One of the key challenges to realize electrolysis of seawater is to develop highly active and stable electrocatalysts in oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This is crucial even for the development of electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) using three‐electrode configuration because damaged surfaces of counter electrodes (CEs), which exposed to electrochemical oxidative environments often limit the performance of cathodes in working electrodes (WEs) by lowering the electrical conductivity and poisoning the surface of electrocatalysts. Herein, we demonstrate the use of IrxTa100−xOy as a CE in simulated seawater. IrxTa100−xOy‐coated electrodes as CEs with optimized Ir:Ta ratios enable the high‐valence states of Ir for improving activity and selectivity toward the OER. Moreover, the IrxTa100−xOy CEs ensure unhindered electrochemical performance of Pt for HER in contrast to carbon‐based materials, thus highlighting their reliability as a CE.
Phytochemical, Antiplasmodial, and Cytotoxic Investigation of Euclea natalensis A.DC. subsp. natalensis Leaves
Authors: Tajuddeen Nasir , Swart Tarryn , Hoppe Heinrich C. , van Heerden Fanie R.
Published: October 2022

Previous research shows that the root and bark extracts of Euclea natalensis have antiplasmodial activity, but the leaves have not been examined yet. This study investigated the phytochemical, antiplasmodial, and cytotoxic properties of the plant leaves. The activity against 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum was determined using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay, and the cytotoxicity against Vero and HeLa cells was evaluated using the MTT and resazurin assays, respectively. The bioactive compounds were isolated by chromatography, and their structures were established with spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. The extract showed antiplasmodial activity (IC50=25.6 μg/mL) and was not cytotoxic against Vero cells (IC50=403.7 μg/mL). Purification of the extract afforded six flavonoid glycosides, four triterpenoids, and a coumarin. The glycosides showed antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities, against HeLa cells, at 50 μg/mL, but the activity was reduced at 10 μg/mL. Naphthoquinones, which are among the predominant phytochemicals in the root and root bark of E. natalensis, were not detected in the leaves.
Corncob powder and transglutaminase addition in pasta: Effects on proximate composition, physical and cooking properties, and overall acceptability of the product
Authors: Nguyen Thi Quynh Ngoc , Tran Thi Thu Tra , Mai Van Xuan Hoang , Nguyen Thanh Binh , Ton Nu Minh Nguyet , Le Van Viet Man
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives

Dietary fiber is important to human health and fiber‐rich foods are highly desired. Pasta is a common staple and widely consumed in the world. However, the main material to produce conventional pasta is durum wheat semolina which is poor in fiber. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of adding different levels of corncob powder in the pasta formulation on the proximate composition, physical and cooking properties, and overall acceptability of the product. In addition, this study also evaluated the effect of transglutaminase treatment condition including enzyme doses and incubation times on the physical and cooking properties as well as sensory acceptance of corncob‐incorporated pasta.

Findings

Corncob powder at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% (w/w) of durum wheat semolina was added to make corncob‐incorporated pasta. The fiber content and antioxidant activities of pasta increased with the increase of corncob addition level. At 20% addition level, the fiber and total phenolic content of the corncob‐incorporated pasta increased by two times and four times, respectively, compared to those of the control pasta. However, the cooking loss was increased while optimal cooking time, elongation rate, tensile strength and overall acceptability were decreased with the increase of corncob addition level. Transglutaminase (TG) treatment of the blended dough from 90% semolina and 10% corncob powder was successfully applied to improve the cooking loss, elongation rate, tensile strength as well as the overall acceptability of the incorporated pasta. At the TG dose of 0.75 U/g protein and incubation time of 10 min, the cooking and physical quality as well as overall acceptability of corncob‐incorporated pasta were comparable to those of the control pasta.

Conclusion

The incorporation of corncob powder increased the fiber content and antioxidant activities of pasta but negatively affected the cooking and physical properties as well as the overall acceptability. These negative effects of corncob powder incorporation can be overcome by treatment of the blended dough with TG at appropriate dose and incubation time.

Significance and Novelty

Corncob, an abundant agriculture by‐product, can be utilized to enhance fiber content and antioxidant activities of pasta. A combination of corncob and TG addition can be used to produce fiber‐rich pasta with acceptable cooking and physical quality as well as overall acceptability.
Effects of Particle Size Distribution of Low‐Density Particles on Gas‐Solid Behavior in Fluidized Beds
Authors: Goshima Takashi , Nishida Yuki , Mizuta Kei , Nii Susumu
Published: October 2022

Three hollow borosilicate glass particles 7040S‐R, 7040S‐F1, and 7040S‐F2 with different particle size distributions were prepared. The size of fluidized particles of 7040S‐F2 was similar with that of the primary particles such as fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), while the bed height was more than twice the static bed height. The small bubbles were uniformly dispersed in the bed, and the high magnitude of the particle velocity different from that of the FCC was observed. The Geldart A particle 7040S‐F2 could help solve the unavoidable problems with superfine particles 5070S, leading to poor fluidization through repeated and/or long‐term operations. 7040S‐F2 would serve as guidance for designing new particles to provide the favorable fluidization expected from catalytic fluidized‐bed reactors with high contact efficiency.
Circular economy business models: Towards achieving sustainable development goals in the waste management sector—Empirical evidence and theoretical implications
Authors: Puntillo Pina
Published: October 2022

This paper investigates how and whether circular economy (CE) business models affect the implementation of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the waste management sector. A case study is used to determine the relationship between CE business models and SDGs. It shows that CE business models, potentially, can contribute directly to achieving a significant number of SDGs. The strongest relationships are between the CE business model and the targets of SDG4 (Quality education); SDG 5 (Gender equality); SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 8 (Decent working and economic growth); SDG 9 (Industry, innovation and infrastructure), SDG 11 (Sustainable cities and communities) SDG 12 (Responsible consumption and production). After a narrative literature review on the intersection between CE and SDGs, the paper performed a case study on Contarina SpA, a firm that developed a business model to recycle wastes into recyclable materials under a CE approach. The case findings could stimulate further research into how this and similar types of business models will help societies to change from the ‘use‐it‐once‐and‐throw‐it away’ mentality of linear business models to the integrated, holistic, CE model that seeks to emulate nature's cyclical systems, and achieve the implementation of sustainable development goals (SDGs).
An energy‐efficient power allocation scheme for millimeter‐wave MIMO‐NOMA systems
Authors: Sakhaei Gharagezlou Abdolrasoul , Nangir Mahdi , Poorfaraj Liqvan Amir , Abedi Jirdehi Azadeh
Published: October 2022

There are many challenges in fifth generation (5G) telecommunication systems, due to the increasing demands and applications. The most important of which are need to have higher energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE). They are critical in the practical multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) telecommunication systems. Non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) methods and millimeter‐waves can be used in conjunction with MIMO systems to improve their EE and SE performance. In this paper, we investigate the application of NOMA and mm‐Wave transmission in the downlink of MIMO systems. Then, we formulate the optimization problem for users in MIMO‐NOMA systems to maximize the EE that is subject to minimum data rate to satisfy required quality of service (QoS) and maximum transmission power. To achieve the optimal power allocation for users, we reach a problem for the EE maximization that is non‐convex and solution of the optimization problem is not trivial. We exploit a lower bound of the data rate and the Lagrange dual function to convert it to a convex and unconstrained problem, which is easy to solve. In the next step, we derive a relation for determining the optimal power allocation of users. In addition, a numerical algorithm is presented that can be used to solve the problem. According to the simulation results of the proposed algorithm, our method performs better and provides higher EE than both orthogonal multiple access and equal power allocation schemes.
Multinational data show that conspiracy beliefs are associated with the perception (and reality) of poor national economic performance
Authors: Hornsey Matthew J. , Pearson Samuel , Kang Jemima , Sassenberg Kai , Jetten Jolanda , Van Lange Paul A. M. , Medina Lucia G. , Amiot Catherine E. , Ausmees Liisi , Baguma Peter , Barry Oumar , Becker Maja , Bilewicz Michal , Castelain Thomas , Costantini Giulio , Dimdins Girts , Espinosa Agustín , Finchilescu Gillian , Friese Malte , González Roberto , Goto Nobuhiko , Gómez Ángel , Halama Peter , Ilustrisimo Ruby , Jiga‐Boy Gabriela M. , Karl Johannes , Kuppens Peter , Loughnan Steve , Markovikj Marijana , Mastor Khairul A. , McLatchie Neil , Novak Lindsay M. , Onyekachi Blessing N. , Peker Müjde , Rizwan Muhammad , Schaller Mark , Suh Eunkook M. , Talaifar Sanaz , Tong Eddie M. W. , Torres Ana , Turner Rhiannon N. , Vauclair Christin‐Melanie , Vinogradov Alexander , Wang Zhechen , Yeung Victoria Wai Lan , Bastian Brock
Published: October 2022

While a great deal is known about the individual difference factors associated with conspiracy beliefs, much less is known about the country‐level factors that shape people's willingness to believe conspiracy theories. In the current article we discuss the possibility that willingness to believe conspiracy theories might be shaped by the perception (and reality) of poor economic performance at the national level. To test this notion, we surveyed 6723 participants from 36 countries. In line with predictions, propensity to believe conspiracy theories was negatively associated with perceptions of current and future national economic vitality. Furthermore, countries with higher GDP per capita tended to have lower belief in conspiracy theories. The data suggest that conspiracy beliefs are not just caused by intrapsychic factors but are also shaped by difficult economic circumstances for which distrust might have a rational basis.
A Hybrid Plasma‐Catalysis System for CO2Hydrogenation over Perovskite‐Type Catalysts: Promoting Effect of A‐Site Substitution
Authors: Su Meng , Li Xin , Zhao Ning , Ullah Niamat , Li Zhenhua
Published: October 2022

A hybrid dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma‐catalysis system is an effective way to catalyze the conversion of small molecules such as carbon dioxide. Until now, ABO3perovskite catalyst used for CO2hydrogenation to light hydrocarbons reaction has been rarely reported. Herein, the lanthanum nickel perovskite‐type catalysts named as La0.8A'0.2NiO3±δ(A' represents for Ca, Ce, Pr, Sr) are prepared by a modified nitrate citric acid method, and the influence of A‐site substitution on catalytic performance is investigated. The reactivity results show that the substitution of A‐site can improve CO2conversion and C2–4(hydrocarbons containing C2–C4) selectivity in varying degrees. Compared to LaNiO3catalyst, the La0.8Ca0.2NiO3±δcatalyst has CO2conversion increased from 72.6% to 82.3%, and C2–4selectivity from 5.8% to 8.5%. The superior performance can be put down to the formation of smaller Ni particle size on La0.8Ca0.2NiO3±δcatalyst, which promotes the activation of H2. Additionally, the sufficient oxygen vacancies on La0.8Ca0.2NiO3±δprovide more active sites for CO2adsorption and then enhance CO2conversion. The hybrid DBD plasma‐catalysis system is proved effective for CO2hydrogenation, and the idea of using A‐site substitution would serve as a guide for the modification of perovskite‐type ABO3catalysts.
Automated Machine Learning Approach in Material Discovery of Hole Selective Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yildirim Murat Onur , Gok Yildirim Elif Ceren , Eren Esin , Huang Peng , Haris Muhammed P. U. , Kazim Samrana , Vanschoren Joaquin , Uygun Oksuz Aysegul , Ahmad Shahzada
Published: October 2022

In the emerging field of perovskite solar cells, rational hole selective layer development is considered a double engine of this progress. To tap into the full potential and accelerate the commercialization path, machine learning (ML) is being tasked for perovskite screening. However, sincere efforts have not led to the design of hole selective layers based on the different organic core groups to yield efficient solar cells. Herein, it is demonstrated how ML can be applied to the advancement of hole transport materials (HTMs). The influence of HTMs with various core groups on the optoelectronic features and photovoltaic performance is evaluated and it is validated using both the random forest model and AutoML framework, General Automated Machine Learning Assistant (GAMA). To this end, the GAMA is utilized to predict the suitability of HTMs and it returns a 0.0542 ± 0.0470 RMSE score for 15 different materials on average. Correlation between experimental and predicted results is established, and GAMA is implemented for HTM suitability prediction. This paves the way for judicious and effective ways of the development of HTMs. In particular, the prediction approach from GAMA is an effective, reliable, and fast methodology and is pioneering in the field of HTM screening.
Observer‐bias and sampling uncertainties in riverine wood flux and volume estimation from video monitoring technique
Authors: Ghaffarian Hossein , MacVicar Bruce , Hortobagyi Borbala , Zhang Zhi , Robert Florian , Vaudor Lise , Petit Stéphane , Piégay Hervé
Published: October 2022

Wood is an integral part of rivers that can have both positive and negative impacts on natural systems and infrastructures. Different techniques have been developed to quantify wood flux or discharge in rivers. Among them, the stream‐side video monitoring technique has proven effective for at‐a‐station wood monitoring with a high temporal and spatial resolution over an indefinite time period. However, the visual annotation of wood pieces in the videos is subject to uncertainties due to observer bias or ‘vision limitations’, and video sampling or ‘time limitations. Vision limitations mean that there are patches in the recorded image that may or may not be considered as wood pieces depending on the judgement of the observer. Time limitations mean that the video record may be sampled to estimate the wood flux rather than completing a census of the full record due to the time‐consuming nature of continuous visual annotation. To assess these uncertainties, six flood events and 13 video segments corresponding to more than 37 days and 64,000 pieces of wood were analysed on two different rivers (Ain and Allier Rivers in France). The results show that while there is a significant difference between observers for the detection of small wood pieces (< 1 m in length), no significant difference exists for the detection of large wood pieces (> 1 m in length). The application of a truncation length (i.e., considering only wood pieces with a size higher than a certain threshold) reduces the piece number uncertainty significantly without resulting in a meaningful change in the total volume of wood. For the time limitation, it is shown that sampling uncertainty depends on wood flux related to water discharge and flood stages (rising versus falling), so a dynamic sampling strategy that depends on flood stage is recommended.
X‐Linked Hypophosphatemia Caused by the Prevailing North American PHEX Variant c.*231A>G; Exon 13–15 Duplication Is Often Misdiagnosed as Ankylosing Spondylitis and Manifests in Both Men and Women
Authors: Dahir Kathryn McCrystal , Black Margo , Gottesman Gary S , Imel Erik A , Mumm Steven , Nichols Cindy M , Whyte Michael P
Published: October 2022

Inactivating mutations of the gene coding for phosphate‐regulating endopeptidase homolog X‐linked (PHEX) cause X‐linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). A novel PHEX variant, c.*231A>G; exon 13–15 duplication, has emerged as a common cause of XLH in North America, emphasizing the importance of delineating its clinical presentation. Here, a comprehensive description of a five‐generation American kindred of 22 treatment‐naïve individuals harboring the c.*231A>G; exon 13–15 duplication is provided. After XLH was diagnosed in the proposita, pro‐active family members used social media to facilitate a timely assessment of their medical history. Most had normal height and 50% were normophosphatemic. Thirteen had been given a diagnosis other than XLH, most commonly ankylosing spondylitis, and XLH was only established after genetic testing. The prevalent phenotypic characteristics of c.*231A>G; exon 13–15 duplication were disorders of dentition (68.2%), enthesopathies (54.5%), fractures/bone and joint conditions (50%), lower‐limb deformities (40.9%), hearing loss/tinnitus (40.9%), gait abnormalities (22.7%), kidney stones/nephrocalcinosis (18.2%), chest wall disorders (9.1%), and Chiari/skull malformation (4.5%). More affected males than females, respectively, had gait abnormalities (42.9% versus 13.3%), lower‐limb deformities (71.4% versus 26.7%), and enthesopathies (85.7% versus 40%). Single phenotypes, observed exclusively in females, occurred in 22.7% and multiple phenotypes in 77.3% of the cohort. However, as many as six characteristics could develop in either affected males or females. Our findings will improve diagnostic and monitoring protocols for XLH. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.