bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulated Weightbearing and Articular Injury From Transarticular Screws in a Ligamentous Lisfranc Injury Model
Authors: Denove Nicholas , Muriuki Muturi G. , Juntavee Vongtawan , Zmugg Stephan , Dekker Robert , Havey Robert M. , Kadakia Anish
Published: July 2023

Background

Transarticular screw fixation is a common surgical treatment for tarsometatarsal ligamentous (Lisfranc) injuries. Iatrogenic damage to articular cartilage from screw placement, however, has been thought to potentially lead to increased risk of tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint arthritis after initial injury. To date, no study has evaluated the effect of weightbearing on articular cartilage after screw fixation. The aim of this study was to create a Lisfranc injury and quantify and compare articular damage due to screw fixation before and after simulated weightbearing.

Methods:

A ligamentous Lisfranc injury was created in 10 cadaveric specimens and treated with transarticular screws. Specimens were cycled for 1000 cycles at 250 N to simulate 2 weeks of physiologic weightbearing. Rotation and diastasis across the Lisfranc complex were measured. Articular injury as a percentage of total articular surface was measured using digital imaging of the first and second TMT joint before and after simulated weightbearing. Comparisons between articular damage were made and statistical analysis was performed.

Results:

Simulated partial weightbearing increased articular injury 1.44-fold ( P < .001). The second metatarsal (M2) showed the greatest increase (1.54-fold, P = .0047), whereas the first (M1) showed the least (1.35-fold, P = .0083). Increases seen at the medial (1.43-fold, P = .0387) and middle cuneiform (1.44-fold, P = .0292) were intermediate between the values seen at M2 and M1.

Conclusion:

Articular damage from transarticular screw fixation significantly increased after simulated partial weightbearing. This may increase the risk of arthritis and future morbidity when using transarticular screws for the treatment of ligamentous Lisfranc injuries.

Clinical Relevance:

Iatrogenic damage to articular cartilage due to screw fixation of ligamentous Lisfranc injuries may be increased with weightbearing.
Nudge Design Strategies for Experiential Marketing and Retail Space Branding
Authors: Lee Jeongmin , Chu Wujin
Published: July 2023

Nudge theory, a field of economics, aims to gently induce desirable behavior in humans and has been primarily applied to personal finance and public policy issues. In this study, we extended nudge theory to the design field by inductively deriving specific nudge design strategies that can be applied to retail space branding. To this end, nudge design examples were collected, and from them, nudge design keywords were extracted. Then, these keywords were categorized according to the five experiential marketing modules: sense, feel, think, act, and relate. From the keywords, we derived 30 nudge design strategies for retail space branding. Finally, the applicability of these strategies was tested through case studies of well-known brand stores with links to existing literature. Space branding design is a comprehensive domain where environmental, graphic, and product design come together and where nudge design could be effectively applied. The results of this study might be used as a checklist in a retail project and serve as a communication tool between marketers and designers.
Feminism-in-Action: Dr. Diana Scully
Authors: Canfield Liz
Published: July 2023

This essay is a tribute to the former founding Department Chair of Women's Studies at Virginia Commonwealth University, Dr. Diana Scully, by Liz Canfield, a current Associate Chair of the same department.
Potential reduction of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 symptoms via vaccination
Authors: Vanichkachorn Greg , Gilman Elizabeth , Ganesh Ravindra , Mueller Michael , Swift Melanie , Breeher Laura , Murad M. Hassan
Published: July 2023

The objective of this observational study is to determine whether vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 alters the clinical presentation of post-COVID conditions (PCC). Self-reported data provided by patients requesting care for PCC at the Mayo Clinic were analyzed to assess for a relationship between vaccination status prior to COVID infection and PCC symptoms. In all, 477 subjects were included in this study. In total, 245 (51.4%) were vaccinated. Vaccinated subjects with PCC reported less abdominal pain, anosmia, parosmia, chest pain/tightness, dizziness, numbness/tingling, dyspnea, spells/tremors, and weakness. For hospitalized patients who developed PCC, vaccinated patients reported less chest pain, cough, dizziness, and dyspnea. After applying Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, decreased abdominal pain remained significant. We conclude that vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 may reduce the symptoms of PCC, leading to improved morbidity and function. Further studies on the impact of vaccination on PCC and recovery are needed.
Childhood ADHD With and Without Co-occurring Internalizing/Externalizing Problems: Prospective Predictions of Change in Adolescent Academic and Social Functioning
Authors: Reinke Amber L. , Stiles Kelsey , Lee Steve S.
Published: July 2023

Objective:

Internalizing and externalizing problems predict poor academic and social outcomes. However, ADHD co-occurs with internalizing and externalizing problems and is itself a risk factor, thus preventing precise inferences. This study evaluated childhood anxiety, depression, and aggression as predictors of change in adolescent academic and social outcomes, including moderation by childhood ADHD.

Methods:

182 ethnically-diverse 5- to 11-year-old youth with (54.7%) and without (45.3%) ADHD completed a separate baseline and 6- to 7-year prospective follow-up assessment, consisting of parallel measures across youth psychopathology, academic functioning (i.e., academic achievement, school competence), and friendship quality domains.

Results:

Whereas childhood ADHD inversely predicted academic competence, depression and aggression uniquely predicted worsening friendship quality. Interestingly, anxiety was unrelated to change in academic and friendship outcomes; similarly, neither ADHD, depression, nor aggression predicted change in objectively-measured academic achievement from a standardized assessment.

Conclusion:

Implications for intervention and prevention are considered, including school-based approaches, within a developmental psychopathology framework.
A Review of Existing and New Treatments for the Management of Hand Eczema
Authors: Ho Jessica S. S. , Molin Sonja
Published: July 2023

Hand eczema is a chronic condition that affects an estimated 14.5% of the general population. It has severe quality of life ramifications in those that struggle with it, including days missed from work or school, productivity loss and impaired work functioning. For years, the standard of care included topical moisturizing creams, topical steroids and more recently systemic agents. As new therapeutic targets emerge and recent advances are being developed, it is now more possible than ever that hand eczema can be managed via the underlying mechanisms. A review of the literature was conducted to identify current treatment options for hand eczema and chronic hand eczema. The terms ‘hand eczema’, ‘hand dermatitis’ were used to search PubMed, CENTRAL and Embase. To identify new therapies still undergoing investigation, we used the terms ‘hand eczema’, ‘hand dermatitis’, ‘atopic dermatitis’, and ‘vesicular eczema of hands and/or feet’ to search Clinicaltrials.gov for all studies until December 2022. There were 56 ongoing clinical trials identified for pharmacological treatments for hand eczema on Clinicaltrials.gov from 2000 - 2022, with 16 that are new or ongoing. These included studies for dupilumab, ruxolitinib, delgocitinib (LEO124249), gusacitinib (ASN002), AFX 5931, and roflumilast (ARQ-252). Two major classes of drugs emerging for the treatment of hand eczema include IL-4/IL-13 inhibitors and JAK inhibitors. With the increase in efficacy seen with these new drugs, we are also noting improved adverse effect profiles, making them attractive options to add to a clinician’s management toolbox for patients with hand eczema.
Assessing everyday functional activity in cognitively impaired people with multiple sclerosis: The use of Actual RealityTM
Authors: Goverover Yael , Salter Amber , DeLuca John
Published: July 2023

Background:

There is considerable evidence that persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) who experience cognitive impairments (CIs) are at risk of having significant limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs). However, ADL assessment often consists of proxies or self-report of ADLs. This study examined whether the performance of instrumental ADLs (I-ADL) is impaired in PwMS with and without CI.

Methods:

Participants included 72 PwMS and 48 matched healthy controls (HCs). PwMS were divided into MS-CI ( n = 25) and MS-not-impaired ( n = 47) groups based on the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) scores. All participants performed the Actual RealityTM (AR) test, measuring I-ADL using authentic websites.

Results:

The MS-CI performed significantly worse on AR compared with HC and MS-not-impaired. In addition, the MS-not-impaired performed significantly worse than HC on AR. AR differentiates well between PwMS with and without CI.

Conclusions:

While CI in MS results in significant limitations in the performance of I-ADL, PwMS who do not show evidence of CI can have limitations in I-ADL. AR assessment is a valid and reliable tool sensitive to CI. It should be used in addition to traditional cognitive assessments to detect early functional deterioration through the course of MS.
Tackling disrespect in health care: The relevance of socio-relational equality
Authors: Entwistle Vikki A , Cribb Alan , Mitchell Polly
Published: July 2023

Disrespect in health care often persists despite firm commitments to respectful service provision. This conceptual paper highlights how the ways in which respect and disrespect are characterised can have practical implications for how well disrespect can be tackled. We stress the need to focus explicitly on disrespect (not only respect) and propose that disrespect can usefully be understood as a failure to relate to people as equals. This characterisation is consonant with some accounts of respect but sometimes obscured by a focus on respecting people’s autonomy and dignity. Emphasising equality is consistent with connections patients draw between being (dis)respected and (in)equality. It readily accommodates microaggressions as forms of disrespect, helping to understand how and why experiences of disrespect may be unintentional and to explain why even small instances of disrespect are wrong. Our view of disrespect with an emphasis on equality strengthens the demand that health systems take disrespect seriously as a problem of social injustice and tackle it at institutional, not just individual levels. It suggests several strategies for practical action. Emphasising relational equality is not an easy or short-term fix for disrespect, but it signals a direction of travel towards an important improvement ambition.
The emotional support plan: Feasibility trials of a brief, telehealth-based mobile intervention to support coping for autistic adults
Authors: Bal Vanessa H , Mournet Annabelle M , Glascock Tori , Shinall Jacqueline , Gunin Gabrielle , Jadav Nikita , Zhang Henry , Brennan Emily , Istvan Emily , Kleiman Evan M
Published: July 2023

Difficulties regulating emotions during periods of distress may contribute to the high rates of co-occurring depression and anxiety in autistic adults. The emotional support plan (ESP) is a brief intervention designed to support autistic adults to use positive coping skills during periods of distress. Thirty-six autistic adults participated in studies to assess the acceptability of the ESP intervention to cope with stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic and postsecondary education and feasibility of the study design elements to inform future trials. Most participants reported using strategies from their ESP; 86%–89% reported the intervention had a positive impact on them and 67%–71% would recommend it to another person. Completion of weekly monitoring and outcome assessments were high; ecological momentary assessment was more variable. The current results provide preliminary support for the acceptability of the ESP intervention. Important insights were also gained to inform feasibility of the design to assess its potential efficacy in future studies. While further research is clearly needed, the brief nature of the ESP may provide benefit as a starting point for those who may be proactively seeking support to cope with anticipated stressors or those who would benefit from guidance to promote emotion regulation during stressful life events.

Lay abstract

Autistic adults may have difficulty coping during stressful periods, which could make them more vulnerable to depression and anxiety. We designed the emotional support plan (ESP) to help autistic people find ways to cope in stressful situations. Thirty-six autistic adults created an ESP and answered questions about their opinions of the ESP. Most autistic adults found the ESP to have a positive impact on them and many would recommend the ESP to another person. Feedback from autistic adults suggested ways that we might test the ESP in future studies. Overall, autistic adults in this study found the ESP to be useful and a worthwhile intervention to study more in the future. While more research is clearly needed, we hope that the brief nature of the ESP will make it helpful for autistic people who are trying to handle negative feelings during stressful life events.
Evaluating national guidelines for monitoring early growth using routinely collected data in Bergen, Norway
Authors: Balthasar Melissa R. , Roelants Mathieu , Brannsether-Ellingsen Bente , Stangenes Kristine M. , Magnus Maria C. , Håberg Siri E. , Øverland Simon N. , Júlíusson Pétur B.
Published: July 2023

Aims:

The overarching aim of this study was to evaluate the Norwegian guidelines for growth monitoring using routinely collected data from healthy children up to five years of age. We analysed criteria for both status (size for age) and change (centile crossing) in growth.

Methods:

Longitudinal data were obtained from the electronic health record (EHR) at the well-baby clinic for 2130 children included in the Bergen growth study 1 (BGS1). Measurements of length, weight, weight-for-length, body mass index (BMI) and head circumference were converted to z-scores and compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards and the national growth reference.

Results:

Using the WHO growth standard, the proportion of children above +2SD was generally higher than the expected 2.3% for all traits at birth and for length at all ages. Crossing percentile channels was common during the first two years of life, particularly for length/height. By the age of five years, 37.9% of the children had been identified for follow-up regarding length/height, 33% for head circumference and 13.6% for high weight-for-length/BMI.

Conclusions:

The proportion of children beyond the normal limits of the charts is higher than expected, and a surprisingly large number of children were identified for rules concerning length or growth in head circumference. This suggests the need for a revision of the current guidelines for growth monitoring in Norway.
Visual representation of the menopause in Iran
Authors: Ghiasian Maryam
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the visual representation of menopause in Iranian health promotion resources. The author uses Kress and Van Leeuwen’s approach to visual analysis (Kress G and Van Leeuwen T (2002) Colour as a semiotic mode: Notes for a grammar of colour. Visual Communication 2(3): 343–368 and Kress G and Van Leeuwen T (2006) Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design, 2nd edn. London: Routledge.) to study publications about the menopause by the Iranian Government and two major medical universities. Two research questions guide the investigation: How do Iranian health promotion resources visually represent the menopause? How do these representations reflect and reproduce cultural values and religious beliefs? Findings reveal that: the publications address both men and women, but exclude widows, single and divorced women; the publications encourage women to stay healthy and lead a fulfilling post-menopausal life; and that they have a distinctly Iranian approach to the use of visual communication, characterized by abstract modality, visual symbolism and the emotive expressivity of a vivid use of colour. However, the publications have not been updated since 2008 and are currently not distributed so that their generally positive message cannot, at present, challenge some traditional masculine beliefs which restrict women to the roles of wife and mother.
A social semiotic study of public institutional websites focusing on teenage pregnancy in Brazil
Authors: Heberle Viviane , Constanty Veronica Coitinho
Published: July 2023

Although institutional websites focusing on health matters play an important role in providing information in contemporary society, analysis of the way they use visual communication has received scarce academic attention. This exploratory study seeks to address this neglect through a visual analysis of public institutional websites concerned with the prevention of teenage pregnancy, which, in Brazil, is a serious sociocultural predicament. Drawing on a social semiotic approach to communication, specifically using systemic-functional grammar, Kress and Van Leeuwen’s grammar of visual design ( Reading Images, 2021[2006]) and Van Leeuwen’s (2008) framework of visual social actors, the authors analyse the visual and verbal features used to portray the social actors in images from the selected websites. Results show that pregnant teenagers tend to be visually portrayed in isolation, suggesting a sense of powerlessness. Other relevant social actors such as parents and/or family members, fathers of the babies, medical and educational professionals are usually not represented. In addition, pregnant teenagers are portrayed generically, categorizing them, rather than portraying them as individuals. Teenagers who apparently abstain from sexuality, on the other hand, are shown in naturalistic images, smiling at the viewer and in happy closely-knit groups of friends. The texts also foreground the institutions providing the information, through logos and through typography.
Representing cervical cancer in a government social media health campaign in China: moralizing and abstracting women’s sexual health
Authors: Zhao Wenting , Bouvier Gwen
Published: July 2023

This article analyses an award-winning film produced as part of the Chinese government’s ‘Healthy China Initiative’ to increase awareness of cervical cancer among young women. The film was designed to be social media friendly, using a more accessible popular style, and it achieved over 350 million views on Chinese social media. The aim had been to shift away from a tradition of more formal, authoritative public information content. Using multimodal critical discourse analysis in the broader tradition of critical health communication studies, the findings support other critics of Chinese public health information in relation to women’s reproductive health. Despite the accessible style, the authors find a highly conservative ideology of womanhood, where the actual nature of cervical cancer, caused by the very common Human Papillomavirus, is obscured in a highly moralized message about sexual abstinence. The film also represents a view of Chinese health services that glosses the difficulty of access for many, as well as public concerns about corruption and clientelism.
Practicing Emergency Medicine in the Metaverse: A Novel Mixed Reality Casualty Care Training Platform
Authors: Rabotin Alexandra , Glick Yuval , Gelman Ram , Ketko Itay , Taran Boris , Fink Noam , Furer Ariel
Published: July 2023

Background

Current casualty care training modalities present several challenges, including limited simulation facilities, instructor dependence, lack of standardization, documentation of trainees’ performance and training personalization. The study presents the design, development and preliminary evaluation of a novel hybrid training platform to address these challenges.

Methods

A mixed reality platform was chosen and developed to address field operators’ requirements. The platform is easy to operate and can be set up by laypeople within 20-min in multiple environments. Individual-level training documentation is generated autonomously following each session, evaluating 30 aspects of performance. From this, a unique aggregated dataset emerges as a substrate for executives’ dashboards and intelligent planning of future sessions.

Results

An evaluation process took part using simulator-based training in different stages along the project using a questionnaire (Likert-scale based). Fifty military physicians took part in an identical head injury scenario requiring airway management by endotracheal intubation and were immediately surveyed.

Conclusion

TrauMR is an agile hybrid training that harbors the potential to address many of the emerging challenges of training for prehospital care in combat and civilian environments.
Risk factors for radial artery occlusion after neurointervention for unruptured intracranial aneurysm via transradial access
Authors: Fuga Michiyasu , Tanaka Toshihide , Tachi Rintaro , Tomoto Kyoichi , Kazami Kenta , Teshigawara Akihiko , Ishibashi Toshihiro , Hasegawa Yuzuru , Murayama Yuichi
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Neurointervention via transradial access (TRA) is less invasive than via transfemoral access. However, radial artery occlusion (RAO) may occur with TRA. The purpose of this study was to explore risk factors for RAO after coil embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) via TRA.

Methods

Forty-two consecutive patients who underwent coil embolization for UIAs via TRA between March 2021 and March 2022 and were available for angiographic evaluation 1 year after treatment were retrospectively reviewed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify potential risk factors for RAO.

Results

Seventeen (40%) of the 42 patients showed RAO. Compared with the non-RAO group, radial artery size was significantly smaller (2.2 mm [interquartile range (IQR): 2.1, 2.4 mm] vs 2.6 mm [IQR: 2.5, 2.7 mm]; p = 0.001) and the incidence of radial artery spasm (RAS) was significantly higher in the RAO group. Multivariate analysis identified radial artery size (odds ratio [OR] 4.9 × 10−3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.4 × 10−5–0.38) and incidence of RAS (OR 14.8, 95%CI 2.1–105) as significant independent predictors of subsequent RAO. Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the optimal cutoff for radial artery size was 2.5 mm (sensitivity, 82.4%; specificity, 76.0%; area under the ROC curve, 0.80 [95%CI 0.66–0.95]).

Conclusion

Radial artery size and RAS represent reliable parameters for predicting RAO 1 year after coil embolization for UIA via TRA. Prophylaxis against RAS and limiting neurointervention via TRA to patients with radial artery larger than 2.5 mm in diameter may reduce the risk of postoperative RAO.
Historical role preparedness: A Bourdieusian analysis of the differential positions of professional staff and academics in an Australian managerialised university
Authors: Wheeldon Anita Louise , Whitty Stephen Jonathan , van der Hoorn Bronte
Published: July 2023

This study examines the historical role preparation experiences of professional staff and academics in a managerialised university field. Semi-structured interviews were used to identify the impact of these experiences on the individual's ability to ‘play the game’ of the managerialised university field. The Bourdieusian concepts of habitus, doxa and illusio were used to analyse the data. The results showed that professional staff had a more advantageous position in the managerialised university field due to their pre-existing mastery of the rules of the game, which was attributed to their similarly structured educative role preparation experiences. Conversely, academics had a less advantageous position due to their lack of understanding of the managerialised nature of the university administrative field. This manifests as a heterodoxy, in which academics feel abandoned, disregarded and subordinated by managerial orthodoxy. The results of this case study reveal that managerialised universities in the Anglosphere are in crisis. It is argued that recognising academic heterodoxy could pave the way for their situation to alter and improve.
AD-YOLOv5s based UAV detection for low altitude security
Authors: Shang Yuanfeng , Liu Chang , Qiu Dawei , Zhao Zixu , Wu Ruikang , Tang Shuyuan
Published: July 2023

UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) black flight at low altitude could cause serious safety risks. Consequently, it is crucial to detect and manage low altitude small UAVs. The existing methods of low altitude small UAV detection suffer from problems such as high false alarm rate, and poor real-time performance. In order to solve the above problems, we present a novel approach, named AD-YOLOv5s, to achieve low altitude small UAV detection with high precision and high real-time performance. Firstly, the feature enhancement method is used to expand the dataset. We optimize the model feature fusion, the prediction head structure, and the loss function. Based on the CBAM (Convolutional Block Attention Module) attention mechanism, feature enhancement is performed to improve the detection accuracy. Secondly, the ghost module and depthwise separable convolution are used to reduce the number of parameters of the model, and we propose the method of lightweight design of model to improve the detection speed. Compared with the YOLOv5s model, the experiment result shows that our proposed AD-YOLOv5s model improves the value of mAP by 2.2% and the value of Recall by 1.8%, reduces the value of GFLOPs by 29.9% and parameters by 38.8%, and achieves 27.6 FPS when the proposed model deploy on a low-cost edge computing device (jetson nano).
Excess mortality in 22 European countries in 2020 and 2021: relationship with socioeconomic indicators
Authors: López-Gigosos R , Vegas-Romero M , Mariscal A , Mariscal-López E , Fang J , Gutiérrez-Bedmar M
Published: July 2023

Aims:

For better understanding of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mortality in different countries, we studied the excess mortality from any cause during 2020 and 2021 in 22 European countries, and its relationship with three socioeconomic variables: life expectancy at birth in 2019, per capita income, and low education level.

Methods:

Using an ecological design, we analyzed excess mortality data between January 2020 and December 2021 in 22 European countries, obtained from the EuroMOMO surveillance system. Using weekly Z-score data for each country, we estimated the annual average deviation in mortality during 2020 and 2021 for each country. We analyzed possible relationships between the excess mortality and three independent variables: gross domestic product per capita (GDPpc) in 2020, life expectancy at birth in 2019, and proportion of the population over age 18 years with a lower than secondary education level in 2018.

Results:

In the 22 European countries analyzed, the total number of excess deaths in 2020 and 2021 was 800,011 (11%) more than expected, with deaths among those aged 65 years and over accounting for 87.66% of these. Excess mortality was higher in 2020, especially in Spain, UK, Italy, and France. In 2021, excess mortality was highest in Hungary, the Netherlands, France, and Germany. Excess mortality during 2021 was inversely correlated with life expectancy ( r =−.489, p = .021) and income level ( r =−.550, p = .008).

Conclusion:

Reducing socioeconomic inequalities among countries not only improves conditions of most disadvantages but also will help to reduce excess of mortality from future pandemics.
The Great Migration and Implicit Bias in the Northern United States
Authors: Vuletich Heidi A. , Sommet Nicolas , Payne B. Keith
Published: July 2023

The spatial patterning of present-day racial bias in Southern states is predicted by the prevalence of slavery in 1860 and the structural inequalities that followed. Here we extend the investigation of the historical roots of implicit bias to areas outside the South by tracing the Great Migration of Black southerners to Northern and Western states. We found that the proportion of Black residents in each county ( N = 1,981 counties) during the years of the Great Migration (1900–1950) was significantly associated with greater implicit bias among White residents today. The association was statistically explained by measures of structural inequalities. Results parallel the pattern seen in Southern states but reflect population changes that occurred decades later as cities reacted to larger Black populations. These findings suggest that implicit biases reflect structural inequalities and the historical conditions that produced them.
Combined AFX2 with thoracic stent graft: A different endovascular approach of an abdominal aorta aneurysm
Authors: Christoforou Panagitsa , Kounnos Christos , Kapoulas Konstantinos , Bekos Christos
Published: July 2023

The AFX2 endovascular repair system is a unibody, bifurcated stent graft that can be used in an abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with anatomical challenges, especially if it is combined with different aortic cuffs. The use of an AFX2 main body combined with a thoracic stent graft as a proximal aortic cuff was selected to treat a 77-year-old male patient with abdominal aortic aneurysm. The AFX2 endograft combined with a proximal thoracic aortic cuff plays a safe and effective role in treating complex infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm that may otherwise be technically more challenging with the open technique and inaccessible with the traditional endovascular technique.
Advancing search engine studies: The evolution of Google critique and intervention
Authors: Mager Astrid , Norocel Ov Cristian , Rogers Richard
Published: July 2023

In this piece, which frames the special issue, “The State of Google Critique and Intervention,” we provide an overview of research focusing on Google as an object of critical study, fleshing out the European interventions that actively attempt to address its dominance. The article begins by mapping out key areas of articulating a Google critique, from the initial focus on ranking and profiling to the subsequent scrutiny of user exploitation and competitive imbalance. As such, it situates the contributions to this special issue concerning search engine bias and discrimination, the ethics of Google Autocomplete, Google's content moderation, the commodification of engine audiences and the political economy of technical systems in a broader history of Google criticism. It then proceeds to contextualize the European developments that put forward alternatives and draws attention to legislative efforts to curb the influence of big tech. We conclude by identifying a few avenues for continued critical study, such as Google's infrastructural bundling of generative artificial intelligence with existing products, to emphasize the importance of intervention in the future.
LWSleepNet: A lightweight attention-based deep learning model for sleep staging with singlechannel EEG
Authors: Yang Chenguang , Li Baozhu , Li Yamei , He Yixuan , Zhang Yuan
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Sleep is vital to human health, and sleep staging is an essential process in sleep assessment. However, manual classification is an inefficient task. Along with the increased demand for portable sleep quality detection devices, lightweight automatic sleep staging needs to be developed.

Methods

This study proposes a novel attention-based lightweight deep learning model called LWSleepNet. A depthwise separable multi-resolution convolutional neural network is introduced to analyze the input feature map and captures features at multiple frequencies using two different sized convolutional kernels. The temporal feature extraction module divides the input into patches and feeds them into a multi-head attention block to extract time-dependent information from sleep recordings. The model's convolution operations are replaced with depthwise separable convolutions to minimize its number of parameters and computational cost. The model's performance on two public datasets (Sleep-EDF-20 and Sleep-EDF-78) was evaluated and compared with those of previous studies. Then, an ablation study and sensitivity analysis were performed to evaluate further each module.

Results

LWSleepNet achieves an accuracy of 86.6% and Macro-F1 score of 79.2% for the Sleep-EDF-20 dataset and an accuracy of 81.5% and Macro-F1 score of 74.3% for the Sleep-EDF-78 dataset with only 55.3 million floating-point operations per second and 180 K parameters.

Conclusion

On two public datasets, LWSleepNet maintains excellent prediction performance while substantially reducing the number of parameters, demonstrating that our proposed Light multiresolution convolutional neural network and temporal feature extraction modules can provide excellent portability and accuracy and can be easily integrated into portable sleep monitoring devices.
Testing a modified electronic version of the Edmonton symptom assessment system-revised for remote online completion with ambulatory cancer patients in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Watson Linda , Link Claire , Qi Siwei , DeIure Andrea , Chmielewski Lindsi , Hildebrand April , Smith Louise , Barbera Lisa
Published: July 2023

Objective

The cancer program in Alberta, Canada routinely collects patient-reported outcomes using the Edmonton symptom assessment system-revised (ESAS-r). The program recently launched the province's new clinical information system which has expanded functionality, allowing patients to complete symptom questionnaires remotely online, instead of completing a paper form at the clinic. This study aimed to test a modified electronic version of the ESAS-r [(e)ESAS-r] with patients, to assess the feasibility of completion and questionnaire clarity.

Methods

Staff, patients, and other stakeholders worked to create modified definitions for ESAS-r symptoms, to aid in patient understanding. Patient and family advisors were recruited to test the questionnaire. Participants completed an online mock-up of the (e)ESAS-r and answered questions about technical issues. One-to-one cognitive interviews were held to discuss each symptom definition in detail. Modifications were made based on the feedback and a second round of interviews was held to finalize the wording.

Results

In total, 19 patients and 7 family advisors participated. All but one (96.2%) completed the questionnaire without assistance and had no technical issues. Participants requested certain wording modifications and that definitions be added for all symptoms for consistency. Very few participants reported any confusion with the final definitions.

Conclusions

The (e)ESAS-r was tested for clarity and ease of completion and was determined to be suitable for remote online use with ambulatory cancer patients. The enhanced definitions on the new questionnaire were clear to patients and helped ensure they understood the meaning of each symptom they were asked to rate.
Radical Mobilization in Times of Crisis: Use and Effects of Appeals and Populist Communication Features in Telegram Channels
Authors: Jost Pablo , Dogruel Leyla
Published: July 2023

Social crisis situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic provide a fertile ground for radical actors and social movements to strengthen their radical mobilization—mainly using social media. In light of the deplatforming efforts of social media platforms that forced radical actors to establish new channels to continue their discourses and the recent crisis that opened a discursive opportunity structure, we investigate how radical actors use Telegram for mobilization. Based on a longitudinal manual content analysis of 13,371 messages from 188 German Telegram channels of the Querdenken movement, conspiracy, and far-right actors, we examine mobilization strategies (namely direct appeals and populist blame game) and their success (retransmission) between March 2020 and December 2021. We found that both offline and online appeals and the use of anti-elitism increased significantly over time. The use of direct and indirect mobilization attempts is related to the ideological background of the actors, with direct appeals being favored by the Querdenken movement. Furthermore, the results shed light on the mechanisms of radical mobilization on Telegram, showing that both direct appeals and the populist blame game are successful strategies for radical actors because they increase message retransmission.
Communicating the Big Picture With Employees: The Impacts of CEO Vision Communication on Employee Engagement
Authors: Qin Yufan Sunny , DiStaso Marcia W. , Fitzsimmons Alexis Bajalia , Heffron Eve
Published: July 2023

Communicating an organizational vision with employees can be critical to help employees internalize the vision, which might in turn increase their willingness to get engaged with the work and subsequently achieve higher goals. The aim of this study is to examine whether and how CEO vision communication could influence employee engagement. This study also proposed employees’ perceptions of work meaningfulness and organizational identification as the potential underlying mechanism that mediates the relationship between CEO vision communication and employee engagement. An online survey was conducted with employees across various industries in the U.S.
What We Talk About When We Talk About Ethnicity: Hispanic Self-classification and Appraisal in an Online College Forum
Authors: Huang Tiffany J.
Published: July 2023

Research has frequently remarked on the conceptual overlap of racial versus ethnic categories at the macro-level, as well as on individual-level inconsistencies across multiple dimensions of race. Less research has focused on the interpersonal negotiation of racial self-classification and identity claims-making, or on the norms that govern racial appraisal. This study uses a case at the boundaries of the Hispanic category to ask: what norms of self-classification and social appraisal do interlocuters draw on in their interpretation of ethnic categories? I answer this question using a unique dataset of posts from a college admissions forum, in which prospective applicants ask, “Am I Hispanic?” Findings reveal that ancestry forms the most rigid boundary, though interlocuters debate whether ancestry is biological or cultural. Cultural identity is also necessary, though more loosely defined. Specific, noninstitutionalized traits, such as phenotype, language, and surname, are considered neither necessary nor sufficient. Findings highlight the enduring primacy of ancestry and the importance of social appraisal in the college application context.
Finite element analysis on strength and durability of spherical laminated elastomeric bearings
Authors: Liangqing Lai , Ruiqian Zheng , Yihan Xu , Zhiyan Zhao , Yuxi Jia
Published: July 2023

Elastomeric bearings consist of alternating rubber and metal spacer layers bonded via vulcanization technique. As important structural components in aerospace and bridge construction as well as other industries, the reliability of elastomeric bearings has a significant impact on the safety of the whole system. In this work, the finite element method is used to study the stress and displacement distributions of spherical laminated elastomeric bearings during helicopter flight, and then the theory of cumulative fatigue damage is used to analyze the fatigue lifetime of the bearing. By means of the comparative analysis of six single-load cases and a multiple-load case of the bearing categorized from the viewpoint of helicopter flight characteristics, the main influencing factors and how they affect the stress and displacement distributions are revealed. Finally, a durability test is conducted and the experimental results are well consistent with the calculated results, which indicates the prediction accuracy of the model. The work would be beneficial to the optimal design and reliable service of elastomeric bearings.
Mental simulation of future possibilities: Preparing for action or protecting the self?
Authors: Sjåstad Hallgeir , Bø Simen
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we propose a dual-motive theory of how future possibilities are typically simulated and evaluated. According to this framework, people attempt to strike a balance between preparing for action (approach-based expansion) and protecting the self against threat (avoidance-based narrowing), in which the main function of future thinking is to prepare the person for action. As suggestive empirical basis, we review selected findings from psychology and social science—including cognitive sampling of alternative possibilities, prediction, planning, moral judgment, experienced and anticipated emotion, and mental health research. Across these diverse domains, approach-based expansion can lead to agentic optimism, constructing a wide space of positive possibilities to pursue and choose from, whereas avoidance-based narrowing can lead to defensive pessimism, reducing the attentional perspective to a risk-minimizing exit strategy. The overarching goal with proposing this simplified framework is to help organize research on possibility-generation through a motivational lens, focusing on context-dependent changes in the two modes of prospective motivation: approach-based expansion versus avoidance-based narrowing. Hopefully, the proposed dual-motive framework can serve as a guide for new directions in future research, exploring how alternative possibilities are created, realized, and sometimes neglected in human life.
2:1 ketogenic diet and low-glycemic-index diet for the treatment of chronic and episodic migraine: a single-center real-life retrospective study
Authors: Tereshko Yan , Dal Bello Simone , Di Lorenzo Cherubino , Pez Sara , Pittino Alice , Sartor Roberto , Filippi Francesca , Lettieri Christian , Belgrado Enrico , Garbo Riccardo , Merlino Giovanni , Gigli Gian Luigi , Valente Mariarosaria
Published: July 2023

Aims

The evidence supporting the efficacy of dietary preventive therapy in migraine is rising, particularly regarding the ketogenic diet. However, less evidence exists for the Low-Glycemic Index Diet and the 2:1 KD. This retrospective single-center real-life study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a 2:1 ketogenic diet and a Low-Glycemic-index Diet in chronic and high-frequency episodic migraine.

Methods

Sixty patients with high-frequency episodic and chronic migraine were treated with either a Low-Glycemic-index diet (39 patients) or a 2:1 (21 patients) ketogenic diet for three months. We collected data on the migraine frequency and intensity and the MIDAS and HIT-6 scores through the headache diary. Anthropometric measurements (BMI, fat mass, free fat mass, and weight) were also collected and analyzed similarly. Data obtained at the baseline and after three months of each diet were compared.

Results

Migraine intensity, frequency, MIDAS and HIT-6 scores, fat mass, weight, and BMI improved in both diet groups.

Conclusions

Both diets are effective in reducing migraine symptoms and migraine-related disability.
Investigations on the high performance of InGaN red micro-LEDs with single quantum well for visible light communication applications
Authors: Hsiao Fu-He , Lee Tzu-Yi , Miao Wen-Chien , Pai Yi-Hua , Iida Daisuke , Lin Chun-Liang , Chen Fang-Chung , Chow Chi-Wai , Lin Chien-Chung , Horng Ray-Hua , He Jr-Hau , Ohkawa Kazuhiro , Hong Yu-Heng , Chang Chiao-Yun , Kuo Hao-Chung
Published: July 2023

In this study, we have demonstrated the potential of InGaN-based red micro-LEDs with single quantum well (SQW) structure for visible light communication applications. Our findings indicate the SQW sample has a better crystal quality, with high-purity emission, a narrower full width at half maximum, and higher internal quantum efficiency, compared to InGaN red micro-LED with a double quantum wells (DQWs) structure. The InGaN red micro-LED with SQW structure exhibits a higher maximum external quantum efficiency of 5.95% and experiences less blueshift as the current density increases when compared to the DQWs device. Furthermore, the SQW device has a superior modulation bandwidth of 424 MHz with a data transmission rate of 800 Mbit/s at an injection current density of 2000 A/cm2. These results demonstrate that InGaN-based SQW red micro-LEDs hold great promise for realizing full-color micro-display and visible light communication applications.
Gene co-expression network analysis identifies hub genes associated with different tolerance under calcium deficiency in two peanut cultivars
Authors: Tang Kang , Li Lin , Zhang Bowen , Zhang Wei , Zeng Ningbo , Zhang Hao , Liu Dengwang , Luo Zinan
Published: July 2023

Background

Peanut is an economically-important oilseed crop and needs a large amount of calcium for its normal growth and development. Calcium deficiency usually leads to embryo abortion and subsequent abnormal pod development. Different tolerance to calcium deficiency has been observed between different cultivars, especially between large and small-seed cultivars.

Results

In order to figure out different molecular mechanisms in defensive responses between two cultivars, we treated a sensitive (large-seed) and a tolerant (small-seed) cultivar with different calcium levels. The transcriptome analysis identified a total of 58 and 61 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within small-seed and large-seed peanut groups under different calcium treatments, and these DEGs were entirely covered by gene modules obtained via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the blue-module genes in the large-seed cultivar were mainly enriched in plant-pathogen attack, phenolic metabolism and MAPK signaling pathway, while the green-module genes in the small-seed cultivar were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism including glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolisms. By integrating DEGs with WGCNA, a total of eight hub-DEGs were finally identified, suggesting that the large-seed cultivar concentrated more on plant defensive responses and antioxidant activities under calcium deficiency, while the small-seed cultivar mainly focused on maintaining membrane features to enable normal photosynthesis and signal transduction.

Conclusion

The identified hub genes might give a clue for future gene validation and molecular breeding to improve peanut survivability under calcium deficiency.