bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of slaughterhouse by-products: a current scenario in Dhaka city
Authors: Abdulla Md Shefath , Islam Md Saiful , Kabir Md Enayet , Dadok Falguni , Zaber Md Abdullah Al , Sarkar Shikha
Published: January 2021

Slaughter-houses are the places from where people get the meat for consumption, but the time is to utilize the by-products to increase the GDP’s rate from livestock. A field survey was conducted regarding usage of the by-products of slaughterhouses and/or meat selling centers in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Data were collected from total 60 slaughterhouses and/or meat selling centers randomly from different part of Dhaka city consisting 20 large animal (cattle, buffalo), 20 small animal (goat, sheep) and 20 poultry bird (chicken, duck) slaughterhouses and/or meat selling centers. Following slaughtering process huge amount of different by-products are also produced that have good economic and nutritive value. The results revealed that edible by-products such as head trimmings, brain, tongue, heart, stomach, lungs, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney and tail were used by 100% as human food. Inedible by-products had diversified uses but to some extent they were also rejected. However, no one of the inedible by-products was fully rejected. Among the inedible by-products the hides had a great industrial value. Poultry by-products like blood, intestines and feather wastes were generally found to utilize as fish feed. Most slaughterhouses were found to maintain moderate to poor hygienic conditions where very few maintained good condition. Almost two-third (61.67%) slaughterhouses were used water container as water supply followed by hose pipe (33.33%) and tape water (5%) for cleaning purpose. It can be concluded that by-products are valuable materials but due to lack of management and industrial mind slaughterhouses of the Dhaka city cannot utilize those materials. Therefore, proper usages of by-products can run a new prospective business in Bangladesh.

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 809-816
National and Provincial Estimates of Catastrophic Health Expenditure and its Determinants in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Arjun Kumar , Pandey Achyut Raj
Published: January 2021

Background: Despite various supply-side efforts, out of pocket expenditure occupies a considerable portion of healthcare financing in Nepal. With the recent process of federalization in country, there is additional scope for contextualized planning at provincial level to prevent catastrophic health expenditure among Nepalese households. In this context, this study intends to estimate the proportion of population facing catastrophic health expenditure at national and provincial level and identify the determinants of catastrophic health expenditure.Methods: This study involved analysis of Nepal Living Standard Survey III, which was a cross sectional study. Out of 5,988 households comprising 28,460 individuals, data from total of 7,911 individuals who reported having acute or chronic illness was extracted and analyzed in the study.Results: In the study, 11.11% of households had faced catastrophic health expenditure. Catastrophic health expenditure was found to be 11.3% in Province 1, 9.4% in Province 2, 10.7% in Bagmati Province, 10% in Gandaki Province, 11.7% in Lumbini Province, 13.3% in Karnali Province and 13.4% in Sudurpaschim Province. Household size, literacy status of household head, consumption quintile, urban or rural residence, type of illness and type of health facility visited were identified as determinants of catastrophic health expenditure.Conclusions: A tenth of households, most of whom lying below poverty line, residing in rural areas, suffering from chronic illness are facing catastrophic healthcare burden. The government needs to pursue its equity-oriented strategies preventing catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment associated with it.Keywords: Catastrophic health expenditure; out of pocket payment; Nepal
Failure to Initiate Medicine in Newly Diagnosed Hypertensives Despite Sustained High Blood Pressure in Nepal: an Under-discussed Dimension of Non-adherence
Authors: Thakur Nishant , Budhathoki Shyamsundar
Published: January 2021

Hypertension is growing challenge in Nepalese community which is evident from the growing concern from all sectors. Non-adherence to hypertensive medication pose challenge as patients are reluctant to start drug despite receiving physician’s advice. Continuing drug life-long once started, is a fear factor that needs dealing urgently.Keywords: Adherence; barrier; hypertension
Cardiovascular Reactivity to Acute Mental Stress in Post Ovulatory Females
Authors: Rajbhandari Pandey Karishma , Khadka Rita , Agrawal Kopila , Paudel Bishnu Hari , Panday Dipesh Raj
Published: January 2021

Background: Female hormones fluctuate with the phases of menstrual cycle. Estrogen, which has attributes in cardio-protection, is secreted less during luteal phase. In post-ovulatory phase, days 1-2 before menstruation has minimal female hormone influence due to less secretion. Mental stress subjected at this phase might enhance sympathetic activation which in long run may precipitate cardiovascular diseases. Hence, to explore the autonomic activity to mental stress during this phase of menstrual cycle the study was undertaken.Methods: Thirty apparently healthy young postovulatory female medical students of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal of age 19.93 (± 0.91) years with BMI of 20.70 kg/m2 (± 2.49) kg/m2 were recruited for the present study. Their short term heart rate variability (HRV) of 5 min was recorded during rest at sitting position. Then each subject was given a mental stress (nine questions selected from MENSA workout questionnaire) for 5 min. During the stress, HRV was recorded simultaneously. Data was statistically analyzed using Friedman test followed by multiple comparisons. The p<0.005 was considered statistically significant.Results: Mental stress significantly decreased RMSSD (p= 0.001), NN50 (p= 0.001) and PNN50 (p=0.001) in time domain and HF nu (p=0.012) in frequency domain parameters of HRV.Conclusions: Young healthy post ovulatory females responded to acute mental stress by withdrawing cardiac parasympathetic activity.Keywords: Female; HRV; mental stress
Plastic Surgical Procedures for Lower Limb Reconstruction at a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Gharti Magar Mangal , Giri Piyush , Nagarkoti Krishna Kumar , Karki Bishal , Basnet Surendra Jung , Nakarmi Kiran Kishor , Rai Shankar Man
Published: January 2021

Background: This study assessed the lower limb reconstruction outcome so that it will provide a baseline evidence to enable data-driven decision making to improve outcome in the future.Methods: In this study, hospital records from 1st January to 31st December 2019 were collected retrospectively. Complete data of all patients’ records treated for lower limb defects at Kirtipur Hospital were included and incomplete data were excluded. Univariate and Bivariate analyses were performedResults: In total 110 patients were included in this study with a male predominance of 66.4% (n=73). The mean age of the patients was 38.7 years (+/- 20). The majority of the patients were from outside Kathmandu valley 79.1% (n=87) and referred 55.5% (n=61). The commonest cause of lower limb defects was trauma 69.1% (n=76), the procedure performed was skin graft 48.5% (n=72), and complication was wound infections, 43% (n=13) of total complications. The hospital stay of more than two weeks was more common among the referred patients 63.9% (n=39) as compared to non-referred patients 30.6% (n=15) and trauma etiology 34.2% (n=26) had more complications than other etiology. The mean age of patients with complications (32.4 years) was lower than those without complications (41.1 years). More number of referred patients (n=43) required multiple surgeries than non-referred patients (n=21).Conclusions: Referred cases were more likely to have multiple surgeries and a longer hospital stay than non-referred cases. Infection was the commonest complication and the majority of complications were seen in trauma and younger age group. Keywords: Lower limb defect; plastic surgery; reconstruction
Assessment of Anxiety and Depression among Caregivers of Mentally Ill Patients Attending Mental Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: Mishra Durga Khadka , Shakya Urusha
Published: January 2021

Background: Family take the role of caregivers and provide the mentally ill member with help, care and support. Caregivers are at the high risk to anxiety and depression. The main objective of the research was to assess anxiety and depressive status among caregivers of mentally ill patients attending Mental Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal.Methods: A cross sectional study based on clinical setting was conducted among 184 caregivers of mentally ill patients attending outpatient department of Mental Hospital, Lagankhel, Lalitpur, Nepal. Purposive sampling technique was used for the study. Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and validated Nepali translated version of hospital anxiety and depression scale was used to assess anxiety and depressive status among caregivers. The collected data was entered in Microsoft Excel 2013 and data analysis was done in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) international business machine version 25. Ethical consideration was maintained during the study. Results: Anxiety and depressive symptoms among caregivers of mentally ill patients was 24.5% and 19.6% respectively. Risk factors significantly associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms in caregivers were sex of caregiver, socio-economic status and sex of patient. Types of mental illness of patient was also significantly associated with anxiety while educational status was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in caregivers.Conclusions: Anxiety and depressive symptoms were found among caregivers of mentally ill patients. It is high time to consider mental health of caregiver and mental health promotion programs and policies for caregivers should be implemented.Keywords: Anxiety; caregiver; depression; mentally ill patient; Nepal
Computed Tomographic Assessment of Renal Volume and Its Associative Factors Among Adults
Authors: Sah Ramswarth , Bhattarai Mamata , Pradhan Bijay Lal , Shrestha Shanta Lall , Lohani Benu , Bhatta Ramesh
Published: January 2021

Background: Knowledge of normal renal volume is a vital parameter for clinical assessment of renal diseases because renal size is altered by various medical conditions. Variations in renal dimension in different populations and it’s relation to individual’s body parameters are evident. Different studies have recommended the need for measurement of renal dimension for specific population. This study assesses normal range of renal volume in the study population and measures their correlation with individual’s body parameters.Methods: This descriptive study was done in 261 adults. After renal length measurement on reformatted coronal images, renal width and renal thickness on axil images, renal volume was calculated by ellipsoidal formula. Descriptive statistics and parametric tests were used to evaluate the association between renal volume and different parameters.Results: This study showed a significant difference in mean renal volume between male (right and left mean renal volume 120.52 ± 26.84 cm3 and 121.00 ± 27.23 cm3 respectively) and female (right and left mean renal volume 110.11 ± 21.79 cm3 and 111.15 ± 22.34 cm3 respectively) on each side. Similarly, a significant positive correlation was found between renal volume and body height, body weight and BMI of participant for both kidneys however a significant negative correlation was observed between renal volume and age 40 years and above for both kidneys.  Conclusions: This study provides morphometric data regarding normal kidneys and concludes that male renal volume is more than female and renal volume is correlated to individual’s body parameters.Keywords: Morphometric; nomogram; renal volume
Comparison of Perinatal Outcomes between Borderline and Normal Amniotic Fluid Index in Term Singleton Pregnancies
Authors: Bajracharya Nishma , Dangal Ganesh , Poudel Rekha , Tiwari Kenusha Devi , Bharati Sonu , Maharjan Ostha , Maharjan Sunita , Karki Aruna , Pradhan Hema Kumari , Shrestha Ranjana , Bhattachan Kabin
Published: January 2021

Background: Amniotic fluid provides necessary fluid and growth factors for normal development of fetal lungs, cushions the umbilical cord from compression and protects the fetus. This study aims to compare the perinatal outcome between pregnancy with borderline and normal Amniotic Fluid Index that provide greatest chance for appropriate safe delivery with least maternal fetal and neonatal risk.Methods: A total of 94 singleton full term pregnant women were included in the study-at Kathmandu Model Hospital from February to August 2020. Forty Seven women each with Amniotic Fluid Index 5-8 cm was taken as borderline oligohydramnios group and Amniotic Fluid Index 8.1-24 cm was taken as normal group. Ultrasonography was taken as the medium for measuring Amniotic Fluid Index.Results: The rate of intra-partum fetal distress, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, low birth weight and neonatal intensive care unit admission were not statistically significant between the two groups while rate of cesarean section was noted to be 76.6% in exposed groups as compared to 44.7% among women with non-exposed normal group [RR=1.71; 95%CI: 1.2-2.44 p=0.006]. Conclusions: We concluded that in cases of borderline oligohydramnios there was higher risk of operative delivery.Keywords: Adverse perinatal outcome; amniotic fluid; borderline oligohydramnios; meconium-stained amniotic fluid
Ёмас сымыӈ нэ̄кве во̄ртур э̄тпост самын патум
Authors: Bakró-Nagy Marianne , Laakso Johanna , Skribnik Elena , Csepregi Márta , Gugán Katalin , Culver Christopher , Йöлгинь Цыпанов , De Smit Merlijn , Häkkinen Kaisa , Jalava Lotta , Grünthal Riho , Janhunen Juha , Jarva Vesa , Junttila Santeri , Kallio Petri , Kim Jeongdo , Koivulehto Jorma , Lehtinen Ildikó , Metsäranta Niklas , Palander Marjatta , Riionheimo Helka , Pystynen Juho , Rauhala Ilona , Salminen Timo , Salo Merja , Onina Sofia , Schön Zsófia , Sosa Sachiko , Ylikoski Jussi
Published: January 2021

Tämä artikkelikokoelma on koottu professori Ulla-Maija Forsbergin (s. 2.8.1960) 60-vuotispäivän kunniaksi. Teos sisältää oppilaiden ja kollegoiden tieteellisiä artikkeleita Ulla-Maija Forsbergin uraan ja tuotantoon liittyvistä aiheista. Mukaan mahtuu myös kollegoiden muiste­loita uran varrelta. Tieteellisten artikkeleiden teemat kuvastavat osaltaan Forsbergin oman tuotannon laaja-alaisuutta ja monipuolisuutta: mukana on runsaasti uralilaista etymologiaa ja äännehistoriaa käsitteleviä artikkeleita, samoin muut uralilaisten kielten historia-aiheet ja useimmat uralilaiset kielet ovat edustettuina. Erityisesti Ulla-Maijalle läheisiä obinugrilaisia kieliä käsitellään eri näkökulmista: joukkoon mahtuu mm. mansin kielen äännehistoriaa, hantin murteiden vertailua, mansin uudissananoja ja hantin informaatiorakennetta. Myös Forsbergin pitkäaikainen kiinnostuksen kohde M. A. Castrénin tuotanto esittäytyy hantin kielen näkökulmasta.
PERBANDINGAN KINERJA WORD EMBEDDING WORD2VEC, GLOVE, DAN FASTTEXT PADA KLASIFIKASI TEKS
Authors: Nurdin Arliyanti , Anggo Seno Aji Bernadus , Bustamin Anugrayani , Abidin Zaenal
Published: January 2021

Karakteristik teks yang tidak terstruktur menjadi tantangan dalam ekstraksi fitur pada bidang pemrosesan teks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kinerja dari word embedding  seperti Word2Vec, GloVe dan FastText dan diklasifikasikan dengan algoritma Convolutional Neural Network. Ketiga metode ini dipilih karena dapat menangkap makna semantik, sintatik, dan urutan bahkan konteks di sekitar kata jika dibandingkan dengan feature engineering tradisional seperti Bag of Words. Proses word embedding dari metode tersebut akan dibandingkan kinerjanya pada klasifikasi berita dari dataset 20 newsgroup dan Reuters Newswire. Evaluasi kinerja diukur menggunakan F-measure. Performa terbaik menunjukkan FastText unggul dibanding dua metode word embedding lainnya dengan nilai F-Measure  sebesar 0.979 untuk dataset 20 Newsgroup dan 0.715 untuk Reuters. Namun, perbedaan kinerja yang tidak begitu signifikan antar ketiga word embedding tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ketiga word embedding ini memiliki kinerja yang kompetitif. Penggunaannya sangat bergantung pada dataset yang digunakan dan permasalahan yang ingin diselesaikan.Kata kunci: word embedding, word2vec, glove, fasttext, klasfikasi teks, convolutional neural network, cnn.
Macera Terapisinin Sosyal Hizmetteki Yeri ve Önemi
Authors: Keskin Onur
Published: January 2021

Doğal ortamda macera aktivitelerini terapötik değişim için kullanan macera terapisi, uluslararası alanda klinik müdahale ve toplum sağlığı hizmeti olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ele aldığı sorunlar daha çok bireysel düzeyde görüldüğü için genellikle psikoloji alanının uygulaması olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ancak çeşitli ülkelerde sosyal hizmet müdahalesi olarak da yaygın bir kullanımı vardır. Macera terapisi, özellikle grup çalışması olarak uygulanır ve “şimdi ve burada”ya odaklanır. Katılımcıların, kasıtlı olarak seçilen sıkıntılı ortamlara sokulması sonucunda bu zorlukların çözülmesiyle güçlü yönlerinin farkına varmaları ve baş etme kapasitelerinin artırılması hedeflenir. Bu bağlamda sosyal hizmetin güçlendirme yaklaşımı ile pek çok boyutta örtüşür ve topluma kendine yeten, aktif bireyler kazandırtmayı amaçlar. Bu çalışmada macera terapisinin terapötik kazanımlarının sosyal hizmet müdahalesine uygunluğu ve uygulanabilirliği ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca Türkiye’de yeni bir çalışma ve istihdam alanı olabilecek bu terapinin odak gruplarına ve temel özelliklerine değinilmiştir.
Stratejik Yönetim ve Sosyal Hizmet Örgütleri Açısından Önemi
Authors: Birinci Mehmet
Published: January 2021

Çalışmanın konusunu sosyal hizmet sunan kamu kurumları, yerel yönetimler, kâr amacı gütmeyen sivil toplum örgütleri ve özel sektör tarafından kurulan organizasyonların yönetim yapıları oluşturmaktadır. Başlıca amacı toplumsal fayda sağlamak olan bu organizasyonlarda stratejik yönetim düşüncesinin öne çıkması, örgüt yapıları ve yönetim anlayışlarının buna göre yeniden gözden geçirilmesi gereği üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmada stratejik yönetim sürecinin temel kavramlarına ve stratejik yönetim sürecine yer verilmiş; örgütler açısından stratejik yönetimin önemine vurgu yapılmıştır. Sosyal hizmet uygulamalı bir disiplin olmasına rağmen yönetim boyutu üzerinde çok fazla durulmamıştır. Sosyal hizmetin ekonomik büyüklüğü, sosyal boyutu, sosyal politikalara yön verebilme özelliği ve siyasi iradenin ortaya koyduğu sosyal politikaların önemli bir uygulayıcısı olması, çağdaş bir yönetim anlayışı olan stratejik yönetimin bu örgütler açısından önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Kaynakların sınırlı olduğu, ancak ihtiyaçların giderek çeşitlendiği ve arttığı günümüzde, sosyal hizmet örgütlerinin verimli olabilmeleri için stratejik yönetim anlayışı ile yönetilmeleri gerektiği değerlendirilmektedir.
Atuação do enfermeiro na identificação dos fatores associados à não adesão ao idoso no tratamento de hipertensão arterial sistêmica
Authors: Ramos Cintia Hellen Souto , Adeodato Assunção Gomes , Costa Nicolau da , Lima Diego Jorge Maia , Pereira Jéssica Luzia Delfino , Silva Nicely Alexandra da
Published: January 2021

Presente estudo tem por finalidade descrever atuação do enfermeiro na identificação dos fatores associados à não adesão ao idoso no tratamento de hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Metodologia trata-se de revisão integrativa. Para seleção dos estudos foram utilizadas quatro bases de dados, a saber: Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciência de Saúde (LILACS), Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde (MEDLINE), (PUBMED) e Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). A busca foi realizada no mês de novembro de 2020.Para a seleção dos artigos foram considerados os seguintes critérios de inclusão artigos completos, disponíveis eletronicamente. Foram selecionados 13 artigos que atenderam os objetivos proposto Resultados: foi possível observar os fatores preditoras para adesão medicamentosa para o tratamento da HAS em idoso se dá pela falta de informações, baixa escolaridade, falta de apoia familiar. Considerações finais: faz-se necessário que os enfermeiros reconheçam os principais fatores que contribuem para a não adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso ao idoso. Portanto a necessidade de criar uma estratégia que envolvam acolhimento, educação em saúde e mudança de comportamento podem favorecer um comportamento participativo que contribua para a adesão terapêutica de maneira adequada.
Prospecting for special metabolites and larvicidal activity of ethanolic extracts from Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem), collected in Tauá-CE against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae
Authors: Silva Daniel Alves da , Lima Jakson Fernandes , Lima Glória Fernandes , Lima Luiza Michelly Gonçalves , Viana Luciel Narcísio Conceição , Rodrigues Marcilene , Silva Ana Cláudia Marinho da , Bezerra Arnaldo Solheiro , Araújo José Ismael Feitosa de , Lopes Wilma Carvalho , Magalhães Francisco Ernani Alves , Moura Luiz Francisco Wemmenson Gonçalves
Published: January 2021

In the search for an alternative control against Aedes aegypti, many types of research are developed to discover substitutes for synthetic insecticides, including the use of oils, extracts, or active constituents from plants to find new insecticidal substances. The present work describes the phytochemical study results and evaluation of toxicity against Aedes aegypti larvae of ethanol extracts from Azadirachta indica A. Juss collected in Tauá-CE. Phytochemical tests were performed by different methods involving colorimetric, precipitation reactions, various metabolites such as alkaloids, anthocyanidins, anthocyanins, steroids, and flavonols, flavonones, triterpenoids was evident in the active extracts. For the toxicity tests, different concentrations of ethanolic extracts (250, 500, 1000 and 2000 μg / mL) were prepared with sterile distilled water and dimethylsulfoxide - DMSO (1%), and then 20 mL of each solution was added. And 25 3rd stage larvae in plastic cups. All bioassays were performed in quadruplicate. DMSO in an aqueous solution was used as a negative control. As a result, the tested extracts proved toxic to Aedes aegypti larvae, with an LC50 value higher than the control (10%) and ranging from 12% to 46%. The results obtained show that all extracts have an important pharmacological and toxicological potential. They deserve to be investigated in studies for the isolation and identification of bioactive compounds.
Visualização no ensino de Ciências uma perspectiva para a integração de atividades experimentais
Authors: Cardoso Helen Clemes , Silva Tatiana da
Published: January 2021

Ensinar ciências está diretamente associado a envolver os estudantes em atividades que os auxiliem a compreender modelos científicos abstratos, o que torna as experiências visuais fundamentais no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Nessa perspectiva, a visualização no ensino de ciências apresenta uma abordagem teórica que busca idealizar os processos cognitivos, envolvidos em atividades que buscam favorecer essas experiências por meio dos objetos de visualização (como, por exemplo, gráficos, tabelas, diagramas esquemáticos). Entre estas experiências visuais podemos considerar as atividades experimentais, bastante difundidas no ensino de ciências, desenvolvidas no mundo concreto e/ou por meio das tecnologias digitais. Pesquisas recentes (por volta dos anos 2000) têm apresentado o contexto de integração de atividades experimentais reais (mundo concreto) e virtuais (tecnologias digitais), frente ao seu uso em configurações isoladas. Os resultados de aprendizagem comparativos têm evidenciado um cenário promissor com relação à integração dessas atividades. Deste modo o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar esses resultados com base na visualização, por meio dos objetos de visualização oferecidos nas atividades das pesquisas. Os resultados encontrados confirmaram nossa hipótese de que a integração se torna mais favorável ao ensino, pois oferece diferentes objetos de visualização que se tornam complementares. Cenário este que não acontece ao usarmos apenas uma modalidade de atividade experimental.
COVID-19: Principais assistências de emergência e medidas de segurança aos profissionais de saúde
Authors: Moura Heriederson Sávio Dias , Araújo Verônica Lima , Silva Francisca Pereira da , Oliveira Francinete Gonçalves de , Oliveira Filho Raimundo Nonato Barbosa de , Silva Diorges Boone da , Silva Anderson Lima Cordeiro da , Bezerra Marinara de Mendonça , Nogueira André Luiz Freitas , Oliveira Eline Araújo de , Oliveira Evelyn Barros de , Lima Crislene da Silva de , Reis Raul dos Santos , Nogueira Pedro de Oliveira , Fernandes Idonilton da Conceição , Ribeiro Meire Cristina Soares
Published: January 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar na literatura científica as principais assistências no âmbito das emergências e as medidas de segurança para os profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo revisão integrativa de literatura, a partir de publicações científicas indexadas as bases de dados da Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) e o Google Acadêmico, cuja amostra final se deu por 21 artigos. As principais assistências de emergência prestadas durante a pandemia da COVID-19 estão os psicológicos, odontológicos e os cirúrgicos, que demonstraram redução dos casos em virtude das medidas de segurança adotadas. Na busca por minimizar as infecções a profissionais de saúde e pacientes que se encontram nos ambientes hospitalares, medidas de segurança foram adotadas, como o uso de EPI’s de acordo com a complexidade de atendimento e realizado treinamento para o manuseio adequado desses equipamentos de segurança. O presente estudo demostrou que as assistências de emergência prestadas durante a pandemia da COVID-19 buscaram ofertar atendimentos seguros, visando resguardar a saúde dos profissionais que atuam na linha de frente, assim como dos pacientes.
PEMANFAATAN KULIT BUAH MANGGIS UNTUK PEWARNA AGAR-AGAR SEBAGAI BAHAN AJAR PADA MATERI ILMU KIMIA DAN PERANANNYA
Authors: Rehamita S , Yusbarina Yusbarina
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi hasil penelitian ekstrak kulit buah manggis untuk pewarna agar-agar sebagai bahan ajar kelas X SMA. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah mixed methods (penelitian kombinasi) dengan strategi eksploratoris sekuensial. Penelitian ini dilakukan dua tahapan, Tahap pertama adalah melakukan analisis kurikulum untuk mendapatkan hasil kualitatif. Tahap kedua dengan pembuatan bahan ajar dan evaluasi bahan ajar untuk mendapatkan data kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kurikulum bahan ajar pada materi ilmu kimia dan peranannya pada kompetensi 3.1 membutuhkan bahan ajar berbasis penelitian laboratorium. Pembuatan bahan ajar dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan kulit buah manggis menjadi pewarna alami untuk agar-agar sebagai pengganti pewarna sintetis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan antosianin dari kulit buah manggis sebesar 42,214 mg/ l. Pembuatan pewarna dari ekstrak antosiani kulit buah manggis yang ditambahkan pada agar-agar, dengan variasi konsentrasi menunjukkan pengaruh penambahan ekstrak antosianin kulit buah manggis terhadap warna agar-agar, tetapi tidak menunjukkan pengaruh terhadap rasa agar-agar. Selanjutnya aplikasi pemanfaatan ekstrak antosianin untuk agar-agar dikembangkan menjadi bahan ajar poster dan divalidasi dengan persentase sebesar 80%.
HEKİM VE HEMŞİRELERDE İŞE ANGAJE OLMA VE İŞ TATMİNİ İLİŞKİSİ: BİR KAMU HASTANESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: TİRYAKİ ŞEN Hanife , ALAN Handan , DEMİRKAYA Fatma , UYSAL KASAP Ece
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışma, hekim ve hemşirelerin işe angaje olma ve iş tatmin düzeylerini belirlemek, ve değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tasarımda planlanmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini bir kamu hastanesinde görev yapan hemşire ve hekimler oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada gelişigüzel örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmış olup, örnekleme 194 hemşire ve 120 hekim dahil edilmiştir. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu, İşe Angaje Olma Ölçeği ve Minesota Doyum Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. SPSS 21 programında, tanımlayıcı ve Pearson Moment korelasyon analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada; İşe Angaje Olma Ölçeği’nden alınan ortalama puanlar hekimler için 3,43 (SD=0,63) ve hemşireler için 3,33 (SD=0,72) olarak, iş tatmini düzeyleri ise hekimlerde 3,34 (SD=0,61) ve hemşirelerde 3,28 (SD=0,63) olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca hemşirelerin işe angaje olma ile iş tatmini değerlendirmeleri arasında pozitif yönlü, yüksek güçte ve istatistiksel olarak çok ileri derecede anlamlı ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır (r=,693; p˂0,001). Bunun yanında, işe angaje olmanın en fazla “içsel doyum” alt boyutu (r=,690; p˂0,001) ile, iş tatmininin ise en fazla özdeşleşme alt boyutu (r=,669; p˂0,001) ile ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu iki kavramın birbiriyle ilişkili olduğu düşünüldüğünde bu ilişkinin örgütsel ve hasta bakım çıktılarına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışanların işe angaje olmasını ve iş tatmin düzeylerinin yüksek olmasını sağlayacak stratejiler geliştirilmelidir.
TEACHING PART OF SPEECH TO EFL STUDENTS THROUGH “THE TORTOISE AND THE HARE” STORY
Authors: Fitri Apriyanti
Published: January 2021

This research is intended to make learners using the correct part of speech in the correct position in the sentence. The research method used to teaching part of speech through a story is descriptive method by reading, finding, identifying, classifying and writing about the part of speech related to the story. The participants of this research are the students of one of university in Jakarta. The results of this research are: there are 17 nouns, 33 verbs, 18 adjectives, 11 adverbs, 9 pronouns, 11 prepositions, 5 conjunctions and 1 interjection.

Keywords: Teaching, Speech, Tortoise, Hare
PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN GOOGLE CLASSROOM, FASILITAS PEMBELAJARAN DAN MINAT BELAJAR MAHASISWA TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR DARING SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Rani Dewi Yulyani
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media pembelajaran, fasilitas pembelajaran dan minat belajar mahasiswa terhadap motivasi belajar daring selama pandemi Covid-19 Program Studi Bahasa dan Sastra Arab Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Adab Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hassanudin Banten. Dalam penentuan sampel penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis menunjukan media pembelajaran berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi belajar mahasiswa, kemudian fasilitas pembelajaran berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi belajar mahasiswa selanjutnya minat belajar dinyatakan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi belajar. Kontribusi pengaruh variabel media pembelajaran, fasilitas pembelajaran dan minat belajar adalah 49,7% terhadap motivasi belajar dan sisanya 50,3% dipengaruhi variabel lain di luar variabel penelitian.

Kata Kunci: Metode Pembelajaran, Daring, Fasilitas Pembelajaran, Minat Belajar, Motivasi Belajar
URGENSI TEKNOLOGI PENDIDIKAN DI ERA DISRUPSI
Authors: Unik Hanifah Salsabila  , Risqie Pramudya Endi  , Roisul Ma’ruf  , Sulaiman Saputra  , Inan Taat Diyanah
Published: January 2021

Pendidikan di era disrupsi pada abad 21 memanglah sangat pesat berhubungan dengan banykanya teknologi yang ada mempengaruhi dinamika manusia, mulai dari aspek pemikiran, perkataan, kebiasaan, hingga karakter umum lainnya. Dengan adanya urgensi tekonologi pendidikan ini agar memberikan aspek yang sangat luar biasa terutama dalam hal kaitannya pendidikan pada saat ini, lihat saja di masa sekarang kita melihat dunia pendidikan dipenuhi banyaknya teknologi, seperti halnya pandemi yang melanda bumi berupa virus yang banyak menyebabkan dampak terhadap manusia lainnya. COVID-19 tidak bisa kita pastikan hingga kapan berakhir. Bahkan dengan dampak yang sangat luar biasa hingga pengaruh terhadap pendidikan yang ada pada khususnya.

Kata kunci : Teknologi, Pendidikan, Disrupsi
PENERAPAN METODE DEMONSTRASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL PEMBELAJARAN IPA MATERI TERAPUNG MELAYANG DAN TENGGELAM DI KELAS IV SDI MAUMERE
Authors: Wisrance
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA materi terapung melayang dan tenggelam di kelas IV SDI Maumere. Penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research) adalah penelitian yang dilakukan oleh guru di kelas dengan tujuan untuk memperbaiki kinerjanya sehingga hasil belajar peserta didik meningkat. Kegiatan penelitian ini dirancang dalam siklus, yang terdiri dari 2 siklus yang terencana. Setiap siklusnya terdiri atas 4 tahap, yaitu: perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Ketuntasan belajar siswa terhadap pembelajaran IPA dengan metode demonstrasi dalam pembelajaran terapung, melayang dan tenggelam sangat signifikan, yakni siswa tuntas belajar dengan nilai rata-rata kelas dari siklus I yaitu skor yang dicapai : 67,14 meningkat di siklus II dengan skor : 76,57 berartiterjadi peningkatan rata-rata skor dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar  9,43.

Kata kunci: demonstrasi, pembelajaran IPA, terapung melayang dan tenggelam
PENERAPAN MODEL INKUIRI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IXA PADA KONSEP BIOTEKNOLOGI PANGAN DI SMP NEGERI KEWAPANTE
Authors: Alexius Dewa
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas IXA pada konsep bioteknologi pangan di SMP Negeri Kewapante. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research) adalah penelitian yang dilakukan oleh guru di kelas dengan tujuan untuk memperbaiki kinerjanya sehingga hasil belajar peserta didik meningkat. Kegiatan penelitian ini dirancang dalam siklus, yang terdiri dari 2 siklus yang terencana. Setiap siklusnya terdiri atas 4 tahap, yaitu: perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas IXA pada pokok bahasan bioteknologi pangan di SMP Negeri Kewapante tahun ajaran 2019/2020 yang dibuktikan dengan nilai hasil belajar siswa pada siklus II dengan rata-rata nilai yang dicapai 80,7 dan persentase kelulusan yang dicapai sebesar 85,7%.

Kata kunci: hasil belajar, bioteknologi pangan, inkuiri
PENERAPAN METODE DEMONSTRASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V SDI MAUMERE KABUPATEN SIKKA PADA MATERI PROSES FOTOSINTESIS
Authors: Elisabet Srinamiyati
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa kelas V SDI Maumere pada materi fotosintesis. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research) adalah penelitian yang dilakukan oleh guru di kelas dengan tujuan untuk memperbaiki kinerjanya sehingga hasil belajar peserta didik meningkat. Kegiatan penelitian ini dirancang dalam siklus, yang terdiri dari 2 siklus yang terencana. Setiap siklusnya terdiri atas 4 tahap, yaitu: perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Ketuntasan belajar siswa terhadap pembelajaran IPA dengan menggunakan metode demonstrasi dan alat peraga proses fotosintesis sangat signifikan, yakni 93% tuntas belajar dengan nilai rata-rata kelas dari siklus I yaitu skor yang dicapai : 67,9 meningkat di siklus II dengan skor: 79,82 berarti terjadi peningkatan rata-rata skor dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 11,92.

Kata Kunci: Penerapan, Metode Demonstrasi, Meningkatkan, Fotosintesis
Less is More/More Diverse: On The Communicative Utility of Linguistic Conventionalization
Authors: Teich Elke , Fankhauser Peter , Degaetano-Ortlieb Stefania , Bizzoni Yuri
Published: January 2021

We present empirical evidence of the communicative utility ofconventionalization, i.e., convergence in linguistic usage over time, anddiversification, i.e., linguistic items acquiring different, more specific usages/meanings. From a diachronic perspective, conventionalization plays a crucial role in language change as a condition for innovation and grammaticalization (Bybee, 2010; Schmid, 2015) and diversification is a cornerstone in the formation of sublanguages/registers, i.e., functional linguistic varieties (Halliday, 1988; Harris, 1991). While it is widely acknowledged that change in language use is primarily socio-culturally determined pushing towards greater linguistic expressivity, we here highlight the limiting function of communicative factors on diachronic linguistic variation showing that conventionalization and diversification are associated with a reduction of linguistic variability. To be able to observe effects of linguistic variability reduction, we first need a well-defined notion of choice in context. Linguistically, this implies the paradigmatic axis of linguistic organization, i.e., the sets of linguistic options available in a given or similar syntagmatic contexts. Here, we draw on word embeddings, weakly neural distributional language models that have recently been employed to model lexical-semantic change and allow us to approximate the notion of paradigm by neighbourhood in vector space. Second, we need to capture changes in paradigmatic variability, i.e. reduction/expansion of linguistic options in a given context. As a formal index of paradigmatic variability we use entropy, which measures the contribution of linguistic units (e.g., words) in predicting linguistic choice in bits of information. Using entropy provides us with a link to a communicative interpretation, as it is a well-established measure of communicative efficiency with implications for cognitive processing (Linzen and Jaeger, 2016; Venhuizen et al., 2019); also, entropy is negatively correlated with distance in (word embedding) spaces which in turn shows cognitive reflexes in certain language processing tasks (Mitchel et al., 2008; Auguste et al., 2017). In terms of domain we focus on science, looking at the diachronic development of scientific English from the 17th century to modern time. This provides us with a fairly constrained yet dynamic domain of discourse that has witnessed a powerful systematization throughout the centuries and developed specific linguistic conventions geared towards efficient communication. Overall, our study confirms the assumed trends of conventionalization and diversification shown by diachronically decreasing entropy, interspersed with local, temporary entropy highs pointing to phases of linguistic expansion pertaining primarily to introduction of new technical terminology.
Recent Trends and Potential Drivers of Non-invasive Cardiovascular Imaging Use in the United States of America and England
Authors: Petersen Steffen E. , Friebel Rocco , Ferrari Victor , Han Yuchi , Aung Nay , Kenawy Asmaa , Albert Timothy S. E. , Naci Huseyin
Published: January 2021

Background: Non-invasive Cardiovascular imaging (NICI), including cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging provides important information to guide the management of patients with cardiovascular conditions. Current rates of NICI use and potential policy determinants in the United States of America (US) and England remain unexplored.

Methods: We compared NICI activity in the US (Medicare fee-for-service, 2011–2015) and England (National Health Service, 2012–2016). We reviewed recommendations related to CMR from Clinical Practice Guidelines, Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC), and Choosing Wisely. We then categorized recommendations according to whether CMR was the only recommended NICI technique (substitutable indications). Reimbursement policies in both settings were systematically collated and reviewed using publicly available information.

Results: The 2015 rate of NICI activity in the US was 3.1 times higher than in England (31,055 vs. 9,916 per 100,000 beneficiaries). The proportion of CMR of all NICI was small in both jurisdictions, but nuclear cardiac imaging was more frequent in the US in absolute and relative terms. American and European CPGs were similar, both in terms of number of recommendations and proportions of indications where CMR was not the only recommended NICI technique (substitutable indications). Reimbursement schemes for NICI activity differed for physicians and hospitals between the two settings.

Conclusions: Fee-for-service physician compensation in the US for NICI may contribute to higher NICI activity compared to England where physicians are salaried. Reimbursement arrangements for the performance of the test may contribute to the higher proportion of nuclear cardiac imaging out of the total NICI activity. Differences in CPG recommendations appear not to explain the variation in NICI activity between the US and England.
Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated From Pediatric Patients in Southwest China
Authors: Li Juan , Deng Jianjun , Wang Zhiling , Li Hong , Wan Chaomin
Published: January 2021

The number of antibiotics that are appropriate for Helicobacter pylori eradication in children is limited. Profiling regional or population-specific antibiotic resistance is essential in guiding the H. pylori eradication treatment in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance in H. pylori strains isolated from children and adolescents in Southwest China. Gastric biopsies from 157 pediatric patients with or without previous H. pylori eradication treatment were collected for H. pylori culture. Susceptibility to amoxicillin (AML), clarithromycin (CLR), metronidazole (MTZ), levofloxacin (LEV), tetracycline (TET), furazolidone (FZD), and rifampicin (RIF) was determined by E-test or a disk diffusion assay. A total of 87 patients from three ethnic groups (Han/Tibetan/Yi) were H. pylori culture positive (55.4%). The overall resistance rates were 55.2% for CLR, 71.3% for MTZ, 60.9% for RIF, and 18.4% for LEV. No isolate was found to be resistant to AML, TET, and FZD. Among the 53 treatment-naïve pediatric patients, primary resistance rates to clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, and rifampicin were 45.3, 73.6, 15.1, and 60.4%, respectively. Among the 34 treatment-experienced patients, secondary resistance rates to clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, and rifampicin were 70.6, 67.6, 23.5, and 61.8%, respectively. Isolates exhibiting simultaneous resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole were 28.3 and 52.9% among the treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients, respectively. In conclusion, among pediatric patients in Southwest China, resistance rates were high for clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, and rifampicin, whereas nil resistance was found to amoxicillin, tetracycline, and furazolidone. Our data suggest that the standard clarithromycin-based triple therapy should be abandoned as empiric therapy, whereas the bismuth quadruple therapy (bismuth/PPI/amoxicillin/tetracycline) would be suitable as first-line empiric treatment regimen for this pediatric population. Tetracycline and furazolidone may be considered for treating refractory H. pylori infections in adolescent patients.
The Autophagy Related Gene CHAF1B Is a Relevant Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Zunni , Zhang Yalong , Mo Wuning
Published: January 2021

The role of autophagy in tumors is complex; based on known interactions between autophagy and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis, we hypothesized that autophagy-related genes (ARGs) may play an important role in HCC. The ARGs were obtained from the Human Autophagy Database and the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Based on the area under the curve (AUC) value >0.9 with p <0.0001 and Student’s T-test analysis with p <0.0001, differently expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) with high diagnostic efficiency were found. Besides that, we searched in the PubMed database to find novel DEARGs associated with HCC. Then the DEARGs were validated in the GSE25097, GSE54236, GSE76427, GSE64041, Oncomine, and Human Protein Atlas datasets. Finally, survival analysis of CHAF1B in HCC and correlations of clinico-pathological characteristics and CHAF1B were performed based on the TCGA database. The mRNA and protein expression of 531 ARGs were analyzed and validated in eight independent cohorts. First, 18 DEARGs with high diagnostic efficiency were selected from the TCGA database, and nine of them were identified that had not previously been associated with HCC. These nine DEARGs were validated in the GSE25097, GSE54236, GSE76427, GSE64041, Oncomine, and Human Protein Atlas datasets. Additionally, we found that CHAF1B was associated with overall survival and relapse free survival at one, three, and five years. Furthermore, the univariate and multivariate Cox analyses revealed that the high expression of CHAF1B was an independent risk factor in HCC patients. This research demonstrated that CHAF1B was a novel diagnostic and prognostic signature biomarker that could be potentially useful for predicting the development of HCC and may provide new insights for HCC tumorigenesis and treatments.
Uncertain About Uncertainty: How Qualitative Expressions of Forecaster Confidence Impact Decision-Making With Uncertainty Visualizations
Authors: Padilla Lace M. K. , Powell Maia , Kay Matthew , Hullman Jessica
Published: January 2021

When forecasting events, multiple types of uncertainty are often inherently present in the modeling process. Various uncertainty typologies exist, and each type of uncertainty has different implications a scientist might want to convey. In this work, we focus on one type of distinction betweendirect quantitative uncertaintyandindirect qualitative uncertainty. Direct quantitative uncertainty describes uncertainty about facts, numbers, and hypotheses that can be communicated in absolute quantitative forms such as probability distributions or confidence intervals. Indirect qualitative uncertainty describes the quality of knowledge concerning how effectively facts, numbers, or hypotheses represent reality, such as evidence confidence scales proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. A large body of research demonstrates that both experts and novices have difficulty reasoning with quantitative uncertainty, and visualizations of uncertainty can help with such traditionally challenging concepts. However, the question of if, and how, people may reason with multiple types of uncertainty associated with a forecast remains largely unexplored. In this series of studies, we seek to understand if individuals can integrate indirect uncertainty about how “good” a model is (operationalized as a qualitative expression of forecaster confidence) with quantified uncertainty in a prediction (operationalized as a quantile dotplot visualization of a predicted distribution). Our first study results suggest that participants utilize both direct quantitative uncertainty and indirect qualitative uncertainty when conveyed as quantile dotplots and forecaster confidence. In manipulations where forecasters were less sure about their prediction, participants made more conservative judgments. In our second study, we varied the amount of quantified uncertainty (in the form of the SD of the visualized distributions) to examine how participants’ decisions changed under different combinations of quantified uncertainty (variance) and qualitative uncertainty (low, medium, and high forecaster confidence). The second study results suggest that participants updated their judgments in the direction predicted by both qualitative confidence information (e.g., becoming more conservative when the forecaster confidence is low) and quantitative uncertainty (e.g., becoming more conservative when the variance is increased). Based on the findings from both experiments, we recommend that forecasters present qualitative expressions of model confidence whenever possible alongside quantified uncertainty.