bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapist perceptions of the Danish Physiotherapy Research Database for assessing patients with chronic disease
Authors: Stubbs Peter W. , Stabel Henriette H. , Andersen Nils-Bo de Vos , Smith Helle Rønn , Næss-Schmidt Erhard T.
Published: November 2021

Background

The Danish Physiotherapy Research Database for chronic patients receiving Free of Charge Physiotherapy (PhysDB-FCP) was piloted over a 1-year period. The purpose of the PhysDB-FCP is to provide a user friendly digital online structured tool that standardizes initial and follow up clinical assessments generating data that can be used for clinical decision making and support future research in physiotherapy for patients with chronic disease. Although initial assessments were completed, the attrition rate was 73% and 90% at 3- and 6- months, respectively, which suggests problems with the current tool.

Objective

To evaluate the perspectives of the physiotherapists that used the PhysDB-FCP and propose changes to the tool based on this feedback.

Materials and methods

Fifty of the 103 physiotherapists introduced to the PhysDB-FCP completed an anonymous online survey. Physiotherapists were asked Likert/categorical and yes/no questions on experiences with the PhysDB-FCP within their practice, perceptions of patient experiences, suitability of the resources and support provided by the PhysDB-FCP working group and the ideal administration frequency of the assessments within the PhysDB-FCP. Open ended feedback on possible improvements to the PhysDB-FCP was also collected.

Results

Physiotherapists agreed that the PhysDB-FCP was useful for taking a physiotherapy assessment (74%) and the patient survey was useful for goal setting (72%). Although physiotherapists felt the PhysDB-FCP was well-defined (82%), only 36% would like to use a similar tool again. Generally, the PhysDB-FCP was too time-consuming, administered too frequently and included irrelevant items. For example, 72% of physiotherapists took >45 min to administer the assessment in the first consultation which was performed over multiple sessions.

Conclusions

The perspectives of physiotherapists using The PhysDB-FCP suggest specific changes that will ensure better use of the tool in future practice. Changes will likely involve administering the assessment less frequently (every 6-months to 1-year), shortening the assessment, and using diagnosis-specific assessment items.
Influence of postoperative ectopic inner foveal layer on visual function after removal of idiopathic epiretinal membrane
Authors: Kim Bo Hee , Kim Dong Ik , Bae Ki Woong , Park Un Chul
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To investigate the functional and anatomical parameters and their postoperative changes according to the ectopic inner foveal layer (EIFL) staging scheme for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM).

Methods

In this prospective study, patients with idiopathic ERM underwent pars plana vitrectomy and ERM removal, and were followed-up for 6 months. The associations of EIFL with pre- and postoperative functional and anatomical parameters were analyzed.

Results

A total of 84 eyes (84 patients) were included: 39 (46.4%), 33 (39.3%), and 12 (14.3%) as EIFL stages 2, 3, and 4, respectively. At 6 months after surgery, the mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) significantly improved in all EIFL stages (P ≤ 0.003); however, metamorphopsia improved only in eyes with EIFL stage 2 (P = 0.039) and 3 (P = 0.011). The aniseikonia and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area showed no significant postoperative changes in any of the EIFL stages. Both preoperatively and during 6 months after surgery, the EIFL stage showed a significant correlation with BCVA (P ≤ 0.033), metamorphopsia (P ≤ 0.008), central macular thickness (P < 0.001), and FAZ parameters (P ≤ 0.016) at each time point, but not with aniseikonia. Significant correlations of EIFL thickness with BCVA (P = 0.028) and metamorphopsia (P = 0.006) before surgery were not persistent after surgery.

Conclusion

Both pre- and postoperatively, the staging of EIFL, rather than its thickness, is a simple and adequate surrogate marker for visual acuity and metamorphopsia in eyes with idiopathic ERM.
Conservative bias, selective political exposure and truly false consensus beliefs in political communication about the ‘refugee crisis’ in Germany
Authors: Burghartswieser Dominic , Rothmund Tobias
Published: November 2021

The rise of digital media has increased the opportunities for individuals to self-select political content online. This development has stimulated empirical research on how people select political information, especially when political beliefs are at stake. In the present paper, we tested a series of theory-derived assumptions about antecedents and consequences of selective exposure to confirmative political information and opinions in the digital arena. We conducted an online survey with German Internet users (N = 897, April 2016) and assessed political attitudes, media use and general beliefs in the context of the so-called “migration crisis”. 28% of the participants in our sample reported exposure to a confirmative information environment. They are more likely to hear or read about political opinions on migration and political asylum that are similar to their own compared to cross-cutting content. We found no evidence for the assumption that the technological affordances of the Internet foster this form of selective political exposure. Instead, our analyses indicate that conservatism is a positive predictor of selecting confirmative information environments when it comes to migration and political asylum. We also gathered evidence that this relation is mediated by perceived threat and that selective political exposure is linked to truly false consensus beliefs. Our findings inform supply- and demand-side explanations of selective political exposure online. We discuss the relevance for psychological theories about the motivational underpinnings of selective exposure.
Do extraordinary science and technology scientists balance their publishing and patenting activities?
Authors: Chang Yu-Wei , Chen Dar-Zen , Huang Mu-Hsuan
Published: November 2021

This study investigated whether 12 scientists who had received the National Medal of Science and the National Medal of Technology and Innovation balanced publishing and patenting activities. The results demonstrated that although the scientist were recognized for their contributions to science and technology, the majority of recipients were not prolific researchers, and some were not influential. Notably, one scientist had not been granted a single patent. This indicated that scientific and technological contributions may not necessarily correspond with influential scientific publications and patents. Moreover, only two scientists had filed for patents before publishing, and they also invested more time developing technological inventions. Most recipients were science- or technology-oriented scientists. Few scientists balanced their publishing and patenting activities, and demonstrated excellent research and technology performance.
Genomic evidence of environmental and resident Salmonella Senftenberg and Montevideo contamination in the pistachio supply-chain
Authors: Haendiges Julie , Davidson Gordon R. , Pettengill James B. , Reed Elizabeth , Ramachandran Padmini , Blessington Tyann , Miller Jesse D. , Anderson Nathan , Myoda Sam , Brown Eric W. , Zheng Jie , Tikekar Rohan , Hoffmann Maria
Published: November 2021

Pistachios have been implicated in two salmonellosis outbreaks and multiple recalls in the U.S. This study performed an in-depth retrospective data analysis of Salmonella associated with pistachios as well as a storage study to evaluate the survivability of Salmonella on inoculated inshell pistachios to further understand the genetics and microbiological dynamics of this commodity-pathogen pair. The retrospective data analysis on isolates associated with pistachios was performed utilizing short-read and long-read sequencing technologies. The sequence data were analyzed using two methods: the FDA’s Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis and Whole Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (wgMLST). The year-long storage study evaluated the survival of five strains of Salmonella on pistachios stored at 25 °C at 35% and 54% relative humidity (RH). Our results demonstrate: i) evidence of persistent Salmonella Senftenberg and Salmonella Montevideo strains in pistachio environments, some of which may be due to clonal resident strains and some of which may be due to preharvest contamination; ii) presence of the Copper Homeostasis and Silver Resistance Island (CHASRI) in Salmonella Senftenberg and Montevideo strains in the pistachio supply chain; and iii) the use of metagenomic analysis is a novel tool for determining the composition of serovar survival in a cocktail inoculated storage study.
Energy use and the role of per capita income on carbon emissions in African countries
Authors: Adeleye Bosede Ngozi , Osabohien Romanus , Lawal Adedoyin Isola , De Alwis Tyrone
Published: November 2021

This study contributes towards the realization of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 which aims“take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts”by investigating the role of per capita income in moderating the impact of energy use on carbon emissions. Using data from 28 selected African countries covering 1990 to 2019 and deploying the FGLS, PCSE, and MM-QR techniques, findings reveal, among others, that: at the 1% significance level, a percentage change in energy use leads to between 0.60% and 0.70% increase in carbon emissions, on average,ceteris paribus. Correspondingly, income shows to be a positive driver of emissions contributing between 0.87% and 0.84% percentage increase, on average,ceteris paribus. Also, per capita income attenuates the impact of energy use on emissions by between -0.27% and -0.23%, on average,ceteris paribus. However, significant heterogeneities occur across the sub-regions. Specifically, Southern Africa shows the largest energy contributor to emissions 1.65% while Central Africa contributes the most to aggravating emissions by 1.87% through increase in per capita income. West Africa shows the largest moderation effect at -0.56%. Across the quartiles, the effects of energy use and per capita are positive. Given these, we submit that the strong correlation between energy usage and per capita income (i.e. economic growth) poses a dilemma for African economies in their drive for growth. Leaving room for trade-offs. Perhaps, the lesson is that as African countries seek for more development without contributing to carbon emissions, governments should invest more in renewable energy.
Tpl2 contributes to IL-1β-induced IL-8 expression via ERK1/2 activation in canine dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Naruke Atsuto , Nakano Rei , Nunomura Junichi , Suwabe Yoko , Nakano Masumi , Namba Shinichi , Kitanaka Taku , Kitanaka Nanako , Sugiya Hiroshi , Nakayama Tomohiro
Published: November 2021

In autoimmune diseases, fibroblasts produce and secrete various cytokines and act as sentinel immune cells during inflammatory states. However, the contribution of sentinel immune cells (i.e. dermal fibroblasts) in autoimmune diseases of the skin, such as atopic dermatitis, has been obscure. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) induces the expression of chemokines, such as interleukin 8 (IL-8), in autoimmune diseases of the skin. IL-8 induces the activation and recruitment of innate immune cells such as neutrophils to the site of inflammation. IL-1β-mediated induction of IL-8 expression is important for the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases; however, the intracellular singling remains to be understood. To elucidate the mechanism of the onset of autoimmune diseases, we established a model for IL-1β-induced dermatitis and investigated MAPK signaling pathways in IL-1β-induced IL-8 expression. We also identified that a MAP3K Tpl2 acts as an upstream modulator of IL-1β-induced ERK1/2 activation in dermal fibroblasts. We observed an increase in the expression of IL-8 mRNA and protein in cells treated with IL-1β. ERK1/2 inhibitors significantly reduced IL-1β-induced IL-8 expression, whereas the inhibitor for p38 MAPK or JNK had no effect. IL-1β induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, which was attenuated in the presence of an ERK1/2 inhibitor. IL-1β failed to induce IL-8 expression in cells transfected with siRNA for ERK1, or ERK2. Notably, a Tpl2 inhibitor reduced IL-1β-induced IL-8 expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. We confirmed that the silencing of Tpl2 in siRNA-transfected fibroblasts prevented both in IL-1β-induced IL-8 expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Taken together, our data indicate the importance of Tpl2 in the modulation of ERK1/2 signaling involved in the IL-1β-induced development of autoimmune diseases affecting the dermal tissue, such as atopic dermatitis.
Quantitative nuclear phenotype signatures predict nodal disease in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Kelly Yi Ping , Zhu Sarah Yuqi , Harrison Alan , Chen Zhao Yang , Guillaud Martial , Poh Catherine F.
Published: November 2021

Background

Early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients have a one-in-four risk of regional metastasis (LN+), which is also the most significant prognostic factor for survival. As there are no validated biomarkers for predicting LN+ in early-stage OSCC, elective neck dissection often leads to over-treatment and under-treatment. We present a machine-learning-based model using the quantitative nuclear phenotype of cancer cells from the primary tumor to predict the risk of nodal disease.

Methods and findings

Tumor specimens were obtained from 35 patients diagnosed with primary OSCC and received surgery with curative intent. Of the 35 patients, 29 had well (G1) or moderately (G2) differentiated tumors, and six had poorly differentiated tumors. From each, two consecutive sections were stained for hematoxylin & eosin and Feulgen-thionin staining. The slides were scanned, and images were processed to curate nuclear morphometric features for each nucleus, measuring nuclear morphology, DNA amount, and chromatin texture/organization. The nuclei (n = 384,041) from 15 G1 and 14 G2 tumors were randomly split into 80% training and 20% test set to build the predictive model by using Random Forest (RF) analysis which give each tumor cell a score, NRS. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was 99.6% and 90.7% for the training and test sets, respectively. At the cutoff score of 0.5 as the median NRS of each region of interest (n = 481), the AUC was 95.1%. We then developed a patient-level model based on the percentage of cells with an NRS ≥ 0.5. The prediction performance showed AUC of 97.7% among the 80% (n = 23 patient) training set and with the cutoff of 61% positive cells achieved 100% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity. When applying the 61% cutoff to the 20% test set patients, the model achieved 100% accuracy.

Conclusions

Our findings may have a clinical impact with an easy, accurate, and objective biomarker from routine pathology tissue, providing an unprecedented opportunity to improve neck management decisions in early-stage OSCC patients.
Pro-environmental behavior and smartphone uses of on-campus engineering students in Xi’an, China
Authors: Qiang Tao , Gao Honghong , Ma Xiaoli
Published: November 2021

Background

The usage status, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) related to the smartphones of on-campus engineering students should be studied. Furthermore, the correlations between their smartphone profiles with energy consumption and environmental knowledge should be understood make measures improve their environmental behaviors.

Methods

Pro-environmental behavior and smartphone uses of the on-campus engineering undergraduates in Xi’an, China, were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire anonymously. The energy-saving activities they participated in and their e-waste treatment patterns were analyzed.

Results

Most of the respondents had a smartphone with large screen and high battery capacity, which also had long standby/usage time and frequent charging. Average daily power consumption of one smartphone was estimated to be 6.475 Wh. The surveyed undergraduate students changed their smartphones frequently, which produced large quantities of WEEE annually.

Conclusion

Most on-campus students treated their waste smartphones in the proper ways. However, some of them were short of environmental knowledge about their smartphones. Some measures were suggested to improve their environmental concerns. The findings will help the on-campus engineering undergraduates in China to use their smartphones rationally and to deal with their waste smartphones appropriately.
Ethics appraisal procedure in 79,670 Marie Skłodowska-Curie proposals from the entire European HORIZON 2020 research and innovation program (2014–2020): A retrospective analysis
Authors: De Waele Ilse , Wizel David , Puljak Livia , Koporc Zvonimir
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Horizon 2020 was the most significant EU Research and Innovation programme ever implemented and included the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA). Proposals submitted to the MSCA actions awere subject to the Ethics Appraisal Procedure. In this work we explored the ethics appraisal procedure in MSCA H2020.

Methods

Using a retrospective analysis of pooled anonymized data, we explored the ethics appraisal procedure on proposals submitted to Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) during the entire Horizon 2020 program period (N = 79,670).

Results

Our results showed that one of the most frequently identified ethics categories was Data protection. We also detected slight differences between applicants’ and the ethics reviewers’ awareness of ethical issues. Trajectory analysis of all ethics screened proposals appearing on main lists showed that a minimal portion of all screened submissions required additional ethics checks in the project implementation phase.

Conclusion

Personal data protection is one of the most represented ethics categories indicated among MSCA actions which exhaust ethics assessment efforts and may lead to “overkills” in ethics requirements. Excluding the majority of personal data protection assessment from the ethics assessment, except for parts which are directly related to ethics like “Informed consent procedures”, might be necessary in the future. A gap in understanding of ethics issues between applicants and reviewers’ points to the necessity to further educate researchers on research ethics issues.
The chromatin insulator CTCF regulates HPV18 transcript splicing and differentiation-dependent late gene expression
Authors: Ferguson Jack , Campos-León Karen , Pentland Ieisha , Stockton Joanne D. , Günther Thomas , Beggs Andrew D. , Grundhoff Adam , Roberts Sally , Noyvert Boris , Parish Joanna L.
Published: November 2021

The ubiquitous host protein, CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), is an essential regulator of cellular transcription and functions to maintain epigenetic boundaries, stabilise chromatin loops and regulate splicing of alternative exons. We have previously demonstrated that CTCF binds to the E2 open reading frame (ORF) of human papillomavirus (HPV) 18 and functions to repress viral oncogene expression in undifferentiated keratinocytes by co-ordinating an epigenetically repressed chromatin loop within HPV episomes. Keratinocyte differentiation disrupts CTCF-dependent chromatin looping of HPV18 episomes promoting induction of enhanced viral oncogene expression. To further characterise CTCF function in HPV transcription control we utilised direct, long-read Nanopore RNA-sequencing which provides information on the structure and abundance of full-length transcripts. Nanopore analysis of primary human keratinocytes containing HPV18 episomes before and after synchronous differentiation allowed quantification of viral transcript species, including the identification of low abundance novel transcripts. Comparison of transcripts produced in wild type HPV18 genome-containing cells to those identified in CTCF-binding deficient genome-containing cells identifies CTCF as a key regulator of differentiation-dependent late promoter activation, required for efficient E1^E4 and L1 protein expression. Furthermore, our data show that CTCF binding at the E2 ORF promotes usage of the downstream weak splice donor (SD) sites SD3165 and SD3284, to the dominant E4 splice acceptor site at nucleotide 3434. These findings demonstrate that in the HPV life cycle both early and late virus transcription programmes are facilitated by recruitment of CTCF to the E2 ORF.
A működési stratégia és a technológiai innováció kapcsolata
Authors: Kristóf Péter
Published: November 2021

A technológiai innovációra építő vállalatoknak rugalmas működési struktúrával kell rendelkezniük ahhoz, hogy a gyorsan változó piaci igényeket ki tudják elégíteni és versenyben tudjanak maradni, hiszen ezen a téren naponta jelennek meg új megoldások és válnak váratlanul piacvezetővé. Mindezek a mozgások alapjaiban rendezik át a piacot és okoznak kellemetlen meglepetéseket korábban stabilnak hitt vállalkozásoknak. A dolgozat bemutatja, miként lehetséges gyors alkalmazkodási képességre szert tenni, és milyen működési stratégiát javasolt a technológiai innovációk jelentette kihívások kezelésére kidolgozni. Szól továbbá arról, hogy a működési stratégia megvalósításához hogyan érdemes az ellátási láncot megszervezni, és hogy milyen előnyök származnak a gyártási kapacitás saját kézben tartásából. A tanulmány átfogó képet ad a kapcsolódó szakirodalomról és kitekintést nyújt a tendencia várható alakulására. Mindezt napjaink meghatározó technológiai vállalatainak példáin keresztül teszi szemléletessé
Avaliação estrutural de pavimentos com a aplicação do Método MeDiNa e leituras de deflexão com FWD e viga Benkelman
Authors: Nery Claudia Celene Zago , Dos Santos Adriana Goulart
Published: November 2021

O novo Método de Dimensionamento Nacional (MeDiNa) emprega a abordagem mecanística-empírica para o dimensionamento dos pavimentos asfálticos. O presente artigo contribui com a aplicação do Método MeDiNa na avaliação estrutural da Estrada Rio do Morro, pavimentada recentemente e inventariada com a medição de bacias deflectométricas através do FWD e viga Benkelman para 110 pontos de teste. Para tanto, foi realizado um comparativo entre as medidas de deflexão e os módulos de elasticidade retroanalisados com o software BackMeDiNa a partir dos dados obtidos com os dois equipamentos. Na sequência foi empregado o software MeDiNa e os módulos anteriormente retroanalisados para a previsão da vida de fadiga do pavimento. Os resultados demonstraram a maior dispersão entre os resultados obtidos com deflexões da viga Benkelman e a eficiência do BackMeDiNa no processo da retroanálise a partir dos dados e considerações de cálculo da pesquisa.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: November 2021
Authors: Richter Seth J.
Published: November 2021

Article Title: Obeticholic Acid and Fibrates in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Comparative Effects in a Multicentric Observational Study
Influence and Possibility of Using Limestone Dust Replacement of Sand for Sustainability in Concrete Production
Authors: Intaboot Nuttawut , Chartboot Kriangkrai
Published: November 2021

This paper aimed to assess the potential of using limestone dust to replace sand at levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% by weight. Concrete mix design for cement : fine aggregate : coarse aggregate was 1: 2 : 4 and 0.40, 0.50, 0.60 water-to-cement ratios were used. The study started by testing the basic properties of the material. The compressive strength test was done with curing for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days and modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, after which the microstructural properties of concrete modified with limestone dust were investigated. The study found that the concrete had better workability when increasing the limestone dust content. The incorporation of 40% limestone dust at 0.50 water-to-cement ratios was found to improve the compressive strength of the concrete and resulted in the maximum compressive strength. However, high levels of replacement lead to porous microstructures. Moreover, the use of limestone dust in concrete production tends to be more cost-effective. Therefore, the results of this research seemingly provide confirmation and support for the utilization of these waste materials by reducing the use of natural resources. Further, it is a goal of local governments to help promote the value of limestone dust for future use.
Career-Based Scenarios as a Mechanism for Fostering Students’ Interest in Science and Understandings of STEM Careers
Authors: Drymiotou Irene , Constantinou Costas P. , Avraamidou Lucy
Published: November 2021

Our purpose in this paper is to shed light on the intricacies of designing and enacting curricular innovations aiming to enhance students’ interest in science and their understandings of STEM careers. We present the design and describe the implementation of a set of STEM career-oriented curriculum materials referred to as career-based scenarios. A review of the literature demonstrates that such curricular innovations create potentially useful mechanisms for broadening students’ awareness of STEM careers and facilitating more informed decisions. We present the design process we followed to create career-based scenarios and we provide a rationale for each design decision. We also provide a description of the implementation of one representative scenario in three school classrooms. We conclude with a reflective section in which we identify lessons learned from our experiences and broader implications for curricular innovations targeting students’ interests.
Teaching Problematization of a Design Capstone Project. Presentation of a Pedagogical Tool
Authors: Proulx Sebastien
Published: November 2021

The research phase preluding a design capstone project is challenging for both students and instructors. In a situation where students are free to work on a topic of their choosing, a preset, generic research design is not suitable. Imposing a rigid framework would endanger the possibility of students truly examining and capturing the complexity of their project problematic. This would also be considered a counterpoint to the learning goal of teaching students how to engage in problematization, a skill highly valued in contemporary design practice. This reality raises the following question: how are instructors supposed to monitor and support students in this process? To address this problem, a teaching assignment called the Newspaper was designed. The Newspaper is an open and flexible framework, based on a digital platform, through which students can organize their research findings and reflections, while ensuring enough flexibility for students to deploy appropriate and relevant research methods. This assignment gives students freedom in terms of their research design, but also has certain constraints to ensure the intelligibility of the research process. This paper presents the Newspaper assignment in detail and discusses its impacts after it is used by three cohorts of industrial design students.
Scaling Impact Investment for Sustainable Development Goals: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Tewari Seema , Singh Harjit , Wadhwa Shobhit , Tandon Deepak
Published: November 2021

Impact Investing is a community of investors willing to create social and environmental impact along with financial returns by investing either directly with Base of Pyramid[1] (BoP) enterprises or indirectly through enterprises that help in creating impact by investing in BoP organizations. Adoption of SDGs[2] quantified the expectation paradigm of the global community for social, environmental and economic achievable and projected/targeted achievement of SDGs by 2030 made the governments, businesses, institutions daunted with the task in hand hence, it is imperative for investing community to contribute its share as well. With high social need and underserved population India has become a test bed for impact investing. However, with increasing impact investing, Impact Measurement and Management (IMM) gains significant importance as it allows investors to evaluate impact and channelize fund to most effective solutions. The present study conducted for year 2019 not only attempts to explore impact investing landscape in India and its future dimension but it simultaneously does content analysis of impact report of investors using impact value chain[3] and indicators developed on the basis of SDGs targets and indicators. The analysis aims to establish a link between developed indicators and impact, the link once established, developed indicators will provide agile, cost effective, quantifiable and measurable basis to impact that has worldwide acceptance. [1]Base of Pyramid refers to the poorest two-third of the economic human pyramid living in abject poverty. [2]SDGs, adopted in 2015 by all UN member states, are universally accepted goals and targets under goals to guide sustainable development and create a sustainable world for all. [3]Impact Value chain is a tool build on theory of change to illustrate how enterprise activities lead to desired outcome and impact by setting a relationship between activities, output, outcome and impact.
Sustainable Development Goals and Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: A Study of Sustainability through International Investments
Authors: Goel Nisha , Singh Gurinder , Kota Hima Bindu , Mir Monir , Smark Ciorstan
Published: November 2021

Decent work and economic growth are one of the crucial segments of Sustainable development goals, for which an attempt is made in the context of emerging nations to achieve economic growth through International support of investments. This study investigates the impact of international investments, i.e. FDI & FII on the growth of its economy. FDI & FII are attracted with the resources possessed by the country, which allows them on the conditions that they will generate employment and bring technological innovations with them. This paper attempts to study those impacts and measure the growth of the economy, resulting thereby.
A Possibility or Just a Wish? Assessing Current Perceptions on the Potentials of a Full Student Loan Debt Forgiveness Legislation
Authors: Mbah Ruth Endam
Published: November 2021

Burdensome and unmanageable is what student loan repayment has become to almost 45 million Americans who owe a total of about $1.7 trillion in student loans. It is therefore intriguing to find out if a complete student loan debt forgiveness miracle is a possibility or just a wish, based on current perceptions. This study is based on the Three-Policy Window Stream Theory and the Interest Group Theory. Four mini-focus interview groups were created and their responses were analyzed using the Grounded-Theory Technique. From our findings, it is evident that student loan debt affects the mass, forming a rapidly growing informal interest group made up of mostly millennials. Yet, the pressure from this fast-growing informal interest group is not strong enough to oppose that of other interest groups like Republicans, taxpayers, financial institutions, and other stakeholders involved in student loans, to necessitate an immediate passage of legislation on student loans debt forgiveness.
Interference Errors in Numerical Expression by Vietnamese EFL Speakers
Authors: DANG NHON
Published: November 2021

This paper aims to investigate numerical expression by Vietnamese speakers of English as a foreign language (EFL). The study identifies and explains the causes of interference errors in expressing number of nouns. A descriptive-cognitive research design was conducted error-oriented investigation of 62 high-school students and 30 employees working in English-speaking companies participating in writing a 45-minute essay for numerical errors from the essays collected. The findings revealed that Vietnamese EFL speakers had difficulty in expressing the number of the entities represented by the nouns due to differences in means and manner of numerical expression in English whose sentences are numerically compulsory and grammatically relevant as opposed to those in Vietnamese whose numerical category is grammatically unimportant, but lexically relevant, and seen with number-neutral nouns or general numbers. Errors also occurred as Vietnamese EFL speakers failed to acquire the count-uncount distinction due in part to differences in perceptualizing the numerical meaning of the entities represented by nouns, ascribing the countability wrong and keeping the same property of countable/uncountable nouns despite having referred to different referents. The paper ended with some pedagogical implications to help Vietnamese EFL speakers improve numerical errors when using English.
Nina Goga, Sarah Hoem Iversen & Anne-Stefi Teigland (red.), Verbal and Visual Strategies in Nonfiction Picturebooks: Theoretical and Analytical Approaches
Authors: Mossberg Mari
Published: November 2021

Review/Recension
Stijn Praet & Anna Kérchy (red.), The Fairy-Tale Vanguard: Literary Self-Consciousness in a Marvelous Genre
Authors: Widhe Olle
Published: November 2021

Review/Recension
Derritt Mason, Queer Anxieties of Young Adult Literature and Culture
Authors: Jakobsson Hilda
Published: November 2021

Review/Recension
Anna Kérchy & Björn Sundmark (red.), Translating and Transmediating Children's Literature
Authors: Axelsson Marcus
Published: November 2021

Review/Recension
”Dette skulle bli et dikt som noen skulle huske en stund”
Authors: Svare Silje Harr , Skaret Anne
Published: November 2021

”This was supposed to become a poem which someone would remember for a while”: Stage Art as Poetry for Children in the Theatre Performance Snutebiller, stankelben

Abstract: Norwegian author Rolf Jacobsen’s (1907–1994) modernist poetry, originally published for adults, has been celebrated for its boldness and innovativeness. In the stage performance Snutebiller, stankelben (Snout Beetle, Crane Fly) by the Norwegian theatre group Fleece & Rouge, four poems by Jacobsen are performed on stage with children as the target audience. This article studies the realization of Jacobsen’s poetry as stage art for children. Transferring the poems from book to stage involves several obvious medial transformations due to the theatre’s specific devices. By drawing theoretical inspiration from Jonathan Culler’s theory of the lyric poem’s ritualistic and fictional qualities, we ask to what degree the performance preserves the poetic qualities in the poems for the child audience. Or rather, does the theatre frame impose dramatic effects on the poems by expanding their element of fiction? The inquiry is also inspired by Margaret Meek’s and Kornej Tjukovskij’s perspectives on the relationship between children and poetic language. There is an amount of risk involved in the task of transferring poetry to the stage. In order to succeed, the actors must embrace the expressive possibilities of the theatre, which in one sense means replacing one genre with another and thus leaving the poetry behind. However, as the analysis of Snutebiller, stankelben demonstrates, the poetic may resurrect in the scenic expression, given that the performance’s embeddedness in and obligation towards the poems are strong enough.
Leveraging diversity and inclusion in the polymer sciences: the key to meeting the rapidly changing needs of our world
Authors: Haase Danniebelle N. , Brettmann Blair , Peeters Marloes
Published: November 2021

Diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging (DEIB) will be key to unlocking and accelerating sustainable polymer-based solutions to meet the needs of our rapidly growing world. To achieve faster innovation, we must increase team performance by embracing diversity, ensuring systems and processes within polymer science are equitable and through increased emotional intelligence (EQ), fostering inclusion and belonging. In examining the participation of women and other historically marginalized groups in publishing, intellectual property filings and society leadership, this paper highlights the gaps and the extent of the work needed to close those gaps. Additionally, we provide an opportunity for members of the polymer science community to provide their perspective on DEIB. Polymer science is for everyone and it is imperative for all to be able to make full and meaningful contributions to advance the field. To this end, we provide recommendations for cultivating a more inclusive culture in all facets of the polymer sciences.
Trends in microbial degradation and bioremediation of emerging contaminants
Authors: Meganathan Bhuvaneswari , Rathinavel Thirumalaisamy , Rangaraj Suriyaprabha
Published: November 2021

Modernization and modern ways of living demands more improved products from pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food processing industries. Moreover, industries like pesticides, fertilizers, dyeing, paints, detergent etc., also needs improvised products as per demand. As the new product emerges, the pollutants from these industries also constitute new type of danger to the environment and serious health risks to the living organisms. These emerging contaminants (ECs) are from different category of sources such as personal care products (PCPs), pharmaceuticals (Phcs), endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), etc. These ECs can easily escape from the conventional water treatment and eventually get discharged in to the surface water and thus enters in to the ground water, soil, sediments, and also into the oceans. When these contaminants emerge we also require progress in tremendous process for preventing these hazardous chemicals by effective removal and treatment. For the past 50 years, both developed and developing countries are working on this treatment process and found that Microbial degradation and bioremediation are very useful for effective treatment to prevent their emissions. This treatment can be designed for any sort of ECs since the microbial members are so versatile to redesign their metabolic pathways when subject to exposure. However, implementing bioremediation is not alone efficient to degrade ECs and hence, combination of bioremediation, nanotechnology and physical treatment method will also provide sustainable, potent and fast degradation process. In this Book Chapter, we discuss in detail about the ECs, sources of microbial degradation process and its usefulness in the bioremediation of these ECs.
Synthesis and structural study of five new phosphoric triamides: interplay between classical and non-classical intermolecular interactions
Authors: Bakhshipour Bahar , Tarahhomi Atekeh , van der Lee Arie
Published: November 2021

Phosphoric triamides are attractive to investigate because of their extensive applications in various fields, especially in medicine. Five new phosphoric triamides with the main parts [N]P(O)[NH]2 and [C(O)NH]P(O)[N]2 have been structurally analyzed by single crystal MoKα/synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction and characterized by spectroscopic methods (FT-IR and 1H, 13C, 31P NMR). Compounds crystallize in orthorhombic (1 with space group Pnma) and monoclinic (2 (P21/a), 3 (C2/c), 4 (P21/n) and 5 (P21/c)) crystal systems. The asymmetric unit of all structures consists of one phosphoric triamide molecule, except for 1 with one half of molecule. X-ray crystallography data reveal that the molecular architectures constructed by classical N—H … O hydrogen bonds are as 1D linear (building the

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1

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, C(4) and

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/

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motifs, respectively, for 1–3) or dimeric (the

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(
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ring motif for 4 and 5). A detailed investigation of the intermolecular interactions using Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis illustrates that the H … H, O … H/H … O and C … H/H … C contacts for all compounds, and Cl … H/H … Cl and F … H/H … F contacts for 3–5, are the most significant contributors to the crystal packing. Moreover, based on the calculated enrichment ratios (E), the O … H/H … O contacts including the classical N—H … O hydrogen bonds for all structures are considered as favoured contacts.
Mapping Karakorum, the capital of the Mongol Empire
Authors: Bemmann Jan , Linzen Sven , Reichert Susanne , Munkhbayar Lkh.
Published: November 2021

In the thirteenth century AD, the city of Karakorum was founded as the capital of the Mongol Empire. Relatively little archaeological attention, however, has been directed at the site and the phenomenon of steppe urbanism. The authors report new magnetic and topographic surveys of the walled city and the surrounding landscape. The resulting maps reveal the city in unprecedented detail. Combining the magnetic and topographical data with aerial photographs, pedestrian surveys and documentary sources reveals the extent, layout and organisation of this extensive settlement. Road networks and areas of variable occupation density and types of activities deepen our understanding of this important commercial hub and royal palace, which is conceptualised as a form of ‘implanted’ urbanism.
Thyroid hormone resistance index and mortality in euthyroid subjects: Di@bet.es study
Authors: Alonso Silvia Patricia , Valdés Sergio , Maldonado-Araque Cristina , Lago Ana , Ocon Pilar , Calle Alfonso , Castaño Luis , Delgado Elías , Menéndez Edelmiro , Franch-Nadal Josep , Gaztambide Sonia , Girbés Juan , Chaves Felipe , Garcia-Serrano Sara , Garcia-Escobar Eva , Fernandez-García José Carlos , Olveira Gabriel , Colomo Natalia , Rojo-Martínez Gemma
Published: November 2021

Objective

It has been proposed that a mild form of acquired resistance to thyroid hormone may occur in the general population. Its clinical significance remains largely unknown. The objective of the study was to explore whether a newly described thyroid hormone resistance index is associated with the risk of mortality in a sample of community-dwelling euthyroid subjects representative of the adult population of Spain.

Design

Longitudinal observational study including 3750 individuals, free of thyroid disease, TPO antibodies-negative (<50 IU/mL) and with TSH levels within the euthyroid range (≥0.5 and ≤5.0 mUI/mL) participating in the nationwide study Di@bet.es (2008–2010).

Methods

We used the Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI) as a marker of resistance to thyroid hormone. The study population was grouped into categories according to their TFQI values at baseline. Fatal events were ascertained from the national death registry (end of follow-up December 2016).

Results

A total of 231 deaths were recorded during an average follow-up of 7.3 years. Compared with the category with the highest sensitivity to free thyroxine (TFQI ≤ p5) (reference), the relative risk of mortality in the categories with TFQI > p5 and ≤p25; >p25 and ≤p50; >p50 and ≤p75; >p75 and ≤p95 and >p95 were 1.01, (0.47–2.19), 1.42 (0.68–2.97), 1.54 (0.74–3.22), 1.47 (0.70–3.11) and 2.61 (1.16–5.89), respectively (P for trend 0.003). The association remained significant after multivariate adjustment of the data (P for trend 0.017).

Conclusions

A thyroid hormone resistance index focused on deviations of the average pituitary response to thyroid hormones may be associated with all-cause mortality independently of other conventional risk factors and comorbidities.
The Venerable Subclavian Line
Authors: Teman Nicholas , Hobson Charles , Tribble Reid , Tribble Curt
Published: November 2021

In this treatise, we will address one of the higher-risk procedures, subclavian vein cannulation, that a practitioner may undertake in the care of complex patients. All cardiothoracic surgeons and their trainees will need, on occasion, to put in central lines in a variety of circumstances, including in the operating room, in the intensive care unit, in emergency circumstances, and, occasionally, when other practitioners have been unsuccessful in their attempts to place a central line.
We will describe, in detail, the anatomy of the subclavian vein, the preparation of the patient for subclavian vein cannulation, the infraclavicular approach to cannulation of the vein, and a few notes about the supraclavicular approach to the subclavian vein. It is self-evident that the priorities of central venous cannulation include safety of insertion, minimizing clot formation, and avoiding infection. We will dwell primarily on the principles of safe subclavian line insertion.
Neoklasikinės sintezės modeliai ir jų indėlis į ekonominės minties raidą
Authors: Čiegis Remigijus
Published: November 2021

Vilniaus universiteto Kauno fakulteto Socialinių mokslų ir taikomosios informatikos instituto profesoriaus, habilituoto socialinių mokslų daktaro Remigijaus Čiegio monografijoje pamėginta sistemiškai išnagrinėti keinsistinių ekonominių idėjų raidą ir jų poveikį šiuolaikinių ekonomikos teorijų bei moderniosios ekonominės politikos formavimuisi, išsiaiškinti, kaip šios mokyklos atstovai, pradedant šios ekonominės minties šakos pradininku J. M. Keynes’u, prisidėjo prie rinkų kaip makroekonominių procesų mūsų dabartinio supratimo. Todėl monografija galėtų tapti jos autoriaus indėliu į šio ekonominės minties klausimų rato geresnį supratimą. Pridedami abi monografijos dalis apimantys konsoliduoti bibliografiniai šaltiniai turėtų pagelbėti kaip gairės tolesnėms nuodugnesnėms studijoms.
Implementation of School-Based COVID-19 Testing Programs in Underserved Populations
Authors: Haroz Emily E. , Kalb Luther G. , Newland Jason G. , Goldman Jennifer L. , Mast Dana Keener , Ko Linda K. , Grass Ryan , Shah Parth , Walsh Tyler , Schuster Jennifer E.
Published: November 2021

Evidence suggests that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing in schools can add a layer of protection to reduce the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and facilitate a safer return to in-person learning. Despite this evidence, implementation of testing in school settings has been challenging initially because of a lack of funding and limited availability of testing, but, as the pandemic has progressed and more funding and resources have been devoted to testing, other implementation challenges have arisen. We describe key implementation barriers and strategies that have been operationalized across 5 projects working to help schools with predominantly underserved populations who have faced significant COVID-19–related health disparities. We leveraged a key framework from the implementation science field to identify the challenges and used a matching tool to align implementation strategies to these challenges. Our findings suggest that the biggest obstacles to COVID-19 testing were the perceived relative advantages versus burden of COVID-19 testing, limited engagement with the target beneficiaries (eg, families, students, staff), and innovation complexity. Common strategies to overcome these challenges included identifying and preparing testing champions, altering incentive and allowance structures, assessing for readiness, and identifying barriers and facilitators. We aim to augment existing implementation guidance for schools by describing common barriers and recommended solutions from the implementation science field. Our results indicate a clear need to provide implementation support to schools to facilitate COVID-19 testing as an added layered mitigation strategy.