bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Transcription Factor Nerve Growth Factor-Inducible Protein A Mediates Epigenetic Programming: Altering Epigenetic Marks by Immediate-Early Genes
Authors: Weaver Ian C. G. , D'Alessio Ana C. , Brown Shelley E. , Hellstrom Ian C. , Dymov Sergiy , Sharma Shakti , Szyf Moshe , Meaney Michael J.
Published: February 2007

Maternal care alters epigenetic programming of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene expression in the hippocampus, and increased postnatal maternal licking/grooming (LG) behavior enhances nerve growth factor-inducible protein A (NGFI-A) transcription factor binding to the exon 17GR promoter within the hippocampus of the offspring. We tested the hypothesis that NGFI-A binding to the exon 17GR promoter sequence marks this sequence for histone acetylation and DNA demethylation and that such epigenetic alterations subsequently influence NGFI-A binding and GR transcription. We report that (1) NGFI-A binding to its consensus sequence is inhibited by DNA methylation, (2) NGFI-A induces the activity of exon 17GR promoter in a transient reporter assay, (3) DNA methylation inhibits exon 17GR promoter activity, and (4) whereas NGFI-A interaction with the methylated exon 17GR promoter is reduced, NGFI-A overexpression induces histone acetylation, DNA demethylation, and activation of the exon 17GR promoter in transient transfection assays. Site-directed mutagenesis assays demonstrate that NGFI-A binding to the exon 17GR promoter is required for such epigenetic reprogramming.In vivo, enhanced maternal LG is associated with increased NGFI-A binding to the exon 17GR promoter in the hippocampus of pups, and NGFI-A-bound exon 17GR promoter is unmethylated compared with unbound exon 17GR promoter. Knockdown experiments of NGFI-A in hippocampal primary cell culture show that NGFI-A is required for serotonin-induced DNA demethylation and increased exon 17GR promoter expression. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that NGFI-A participates in epigenetic programming of GR expression.
Identification of CRMP4 as a Convergent Regulator of Axon Outgrowth Inhibition
Authors: Alabed Yazan Z. , Pool Madeline , Tone Stephan Ong , Fournier Alyson E.
Published: February 2007

Myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) contribute to failed regeneration after neuronal injury. MAIs and CSPGs stimulate intracellular signals including the activation of RhoA and Rho kinase to block axonal extension through targeted modifications to the cytoskeleton. RhoA and ROCK are promising targets for therapeutic intervention to promote CNS repair; however, their ubiquitous expression will limit the specificity of drugs targeted to these molecules. We have identified the cytosolic phosphoprotein CRMP4b (collapsin-response mediator protein 4b) as a protein that physically and functionally interacts with RhoA to mediate neurite outgrowth inhibition. Short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of CRMP4 promotes neurite outgrowth on myelin substrates, indicating a critical role for CRMP4 in neurite outgrowth inhibition. Disruption of CRMP4b–RhoA binding with a competitive inhibitor attenuates neurite outgrowth inhibition on myelin and aggrecan substrates. Stimulation of neuronal growth cones with Nogo leads to colocalization of CRMP4b and RhoA at discrete regions within the actin-rich central and peripheral domains of the growth cone, indicative of a potential function in cytoskeletal rearrangements during neurite outgrowth inhibition. Together, these data indicate that a RhoA–CRMP4b complex forms in response to inhibitory challenges in the growth cone environment and regulates cytoskeletal dynamics at distinct sites necessary for axon outgrowth inhibition. Competitive inhibition of CRMP4b–RhoA binding suggests a novel, highly specific therapeutic avenue for promoting regeneration after CNS injury.
Pancortin-2 Interacts with WAVE1 and Bcl-xL in a Mitochondria-Associated Protein Complex That Mediates Ischemic Neuronal Death
Authors: Cheng Aiwu , Arumugam Thiruma V. , Liu Dong , Khatri Rina G. , Mustafa Khadija , Kwak Seung , Ling Huai-Ping , Gonzales Cathleen , Xin Ouyang , Jo Dong-Gyu , Guo Zhihong , Mark Robert J. , Mattson Mark P.
Published: February 2007

The actin-modulating protein Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein verprolin homologous-1 (WAVE1) and a novel CNS-specific protein, pancortin, are highly enriched in adult cerebral cortex, but their functions are unknown. Here we show that WAVE1 and pancortin-2 interact in a novel cell death cascade in adult, but not embryonic, cerebral cortical neurons. Focal ischemic stroke induces the formation of a protein complex that includes pancortin-2, WAVE1, and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL. The three-protein complex is associated with mitochondria resulting in increased association of Bax with mitochondria, cytochromecrelease, and neuronal apoptosis. In pancortin null mice generated using a Cre-loxP system, ischemia-induced WAVE1–Bcl-xL interaction is diminished, and cortical neurons in these mice are protected against ischemic injury. Thus, pancortin-2 is a mediator of ischemia-induced apoptosis of neurons in the adult cerebral cortex and functions in a novel mitochondrial/actin-associated protein complex that sequesters Bcl-xL.
Central Control of Dendritic Spikes Shapes the Responses of Purkinje-Like Cells through Spike Timing-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Sawtell Nathaniel B. , Williams Alan , Bell Curtis C.
Published: February 2007

Cerebellum-like structures process peripheral sensory information in combination with parallel fiber inputs that convey information about sensory and motor contexts. Activity-dependent changes in the strength of parallel fiber synapses act as an adaptive filter, removing predictable features of the sensory input. In the electrosensory lobe (ELL) of mormyrid fish, a main cellular site for this adaptive processing is the Purkinje-like medium ganglion (MG) cell. MG cells exhibit two types of spikes: narrow axon spikes (N spikes) and broad dendritic spikes (B spikes). N spikes shape ELL output by inhibiting efferent cells, whereas B spikes drive plasticity at parallel fiber synapses. Despite their critical role in plasticity, little is known about the relative importance of various classes of MG cell inputs in driving B spikes or to what extent B spikes can be controlled independently of N spikes. Usingin vivointracellular recordings, measurements of synaptic conductance, and pharmacological blockade of inhibition, we provide evidence for corollary discharge-evoked inhibition that exerts potent control over the timing and probability of B spikes with little apparent effect on N spikes. The timing of this inhibition corresponds to the period during which repeated occurrence of B spikes causes depression of corollary discharge-evoked synaptic responses and a reduction in N spikes. B spikes occurring before or after the period of inhibition lead to increases in corollary discharge-evoked excitation. Thus, by controlling the timing of B spikes, central inhibition shapes the output of MG cells through spike timing-dependent synaptic plasticity. Our findings are consistent with a model of ELL function in which feedback guides adaptive processing by regulating B spikes.
Cold agglutinin induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia and NK‐cell leukemia—A new association
Authors: Skorupa Amy , Chaudhary Uzair B. , Lazarchick John
Published: February 2007

Cold agglutinin induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia is uncommonly associated with leukemia and lymphomas. We present a case of a young Mexican female presenting with a cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia with expression of a rare Pr antigen specificity and an aggressive NK‐cell leukemia. Our patient had a rapid fatal course. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of such an association. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inv (11)(p15q21) in donor‐derived Ph‐negative cells in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia in relapse successfully treated with imatinib mesylate post allogeneic stemcell transplantation
Authors: Medeiros Bruno C. , Chun Kathy , Kamel‐Reid Suzanne , Lipton Jeffrey
Published: February 2007

Imatinib mesylate (IM) is the standard first‐line treatment for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Surprisingly, 2–15% of patients achieving a complete cytogenetic response develop cytogenetic abnormalities in Philadelphia (Ph)‐negative cells. Following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), IM induces complete molecular responses (CMR) in ∼70% patients with relapsed CML, and no IM‐related cytogenetic abnormalities in Ph‐negative donor‐derived cells have been described after HSCT. We report a 56‐year‐old female who presented with a relapse from CML in September 2002. She had received a matched related HSCT for CML in chronic phase. Donor lymphocyte infusion was given 3 years post‐HSCT for a relapse. Sustained CMR was achieved within 3 months of initiation of IM. In October 2005, routine evaluation demonstrated continuous CMR, full male donor engraftment and an inv (11) on donor cells. Evaluation of the donor demonstrated no dysplasia or cytogenetic abnormalities. This observation reinforces the possibility that IM therapy may be casually linked to the phenomenon of secondary cytogenetic changes in diploid cells. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental changes in food transfers in cotton‐top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus)
Authors: Joyce Stella M. , Snowdon Charles T.
Published: February 2007

We investigated the development of food transfer and independent feeding in cotton‐top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) families. We studied the relationship between infant‐directed vocalizations and food transfers on the development of independent feeding in infants. We experimentally tested ten infants (eight twins and two singletons) three times a week for 17 weeks from before weaning through 20 weeks. Food transfers and vocalizations made during tests were recorded and analyzed to determine (1) the role of vocalizations (C‐ and D‐ chirps and D‐chirp series) in food acquisition, (2) the relationship between food transfers and individual food acquisition, and (3) whether, owing to energetic costs of nursing and carrying twins, food is transferred to twins sooner than to singletons. Infants were more successful in acquiring food via begging when adults produced repeated vocalizations than when adults did not vocalize. Adults emitted more food‐related vocalizations in rapid series when in the presence of infants, whereas during feeding in the absence of infants only single unit vocalizations were produced. Begging occurred frequently. Changes over infant age were not significant when all infants were included in analysis. However, when twin data were analyzed alone, begging success changed significantly over months, with successful begging peaking in month 3 (week 12). Begging success rate did not differ between twins and singletons, although twins fed independently sooner and at a higher rate than did singletons. Am. J. Primatol. 69:955–965, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does smoking protect against osteoarthritis?
Authors: Felson David T. , Anderson Jennifer J. , Naimark Allan , Hannan Marian T. , Kannel William B. , Meenan Robert F.
Published: February 2007

While studying knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the first Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we unexpectedly found a protective association between smoking and OA. After adjustment for age, sex, and weight, smokers had a significantly lower rate of OA than did nonsmokers, and heavier smokers were less likely to have the disease than were light smokers. To test this association in a separate study and see if it was due to confounding factors, we looked at the Framingham Osteoarthritis Study, a study of elderly members of the Framingham Heart Study cohort. We evaluated whether the presence of knee OA in 1983–1985 was related to smoking status at the first Framingham examination, 36 years earlier. Subjects who had been smokers at examination 1 had a lower rate of OA (190 of 679, 28%) than did nonsmokers (276 of 736, 37.5%). In an analysis adjusted for age, sex, and weight, heavy smokers had a modestly lower risk of developing knee OA than did nonsmokers (relative risk 0.81). Also, the adjusted risk of severe OA was less in heavy smokers than in nonsmokers (relative risk 0.73). The negative association with OA persisted when we examined the average cigarette consumption over the first 10 years of the Framingham study. Furthermore, after controlling for age, sex, weight, knee injury history, sports activity history, physical activity level, coffee and alcohol consumption, and weight change after examination 1, and after modeling weight and age in a nonlinear manner, smoking remained a significant protector against later knee OA. It appears that smoking or some unidentified factor correlated with smoking modestly protects against the development of knee OA.
The “Neck Sign” in scleroderma
Authors: Barnett A. J.
Published: February 2007

The “neck sign” consists of ridging and tightening of the skin of the neck on extending the head. In this study it was found to be positive in over 90% of patients with scleroderma and negative in patients with primary Raynaud's disease and in control subjects. It is a useful diagnostic test for scleroderma.
Central nervous system vasculitis in Behçet's syndrome: Angiographic improvement after therapy with cytotoxic agents
Authors: Zelenski Jane D. , Calabrese Leonard H. , Capraro Judith A. , Holden Daniel
Published: February 2007

We describe a patient with Behçet's syndrome who had clinical and angiographic features of widespread cerebral angiitis of small‐ and medium‐caliber vessels. We report the successful treatment of this condition with a combination of cytotoxic agents and steroids, and demonstrate angiographically the resolution of these abnormalities in neuro‐Behçet's disease.
DNA–ANTI‐DNA Complexes account for part of the antihistone activity found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Subiza J. L. , Caturla A. , Pascual‐Salcedo D. , Chamorro M. J. , Gazapo E. , Figueredo M. A. , de la Concha E. G.
Published: February 2007

We examined the effect of DNase treatment of sera with antihistone activity. In non–systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera, antihistone levels remained unmodified, but a significant decrease was observed in 7 of 11 SLE sera with anti‐DNA antibodies. This was accompanied in some by an increase in anti‐DNA levels. We therefore considered that DNA–anti‐DNA complexes were being detected, as part of the antihistone activity in SLE patients, by binding of the complexes through their DNA to the histones used in the assay. This was confirmed by demonstrating that DNA–anti‐DNA complexes formed in vitro, and by studies performed with monoclonal antibodies with affinity to double‐stranded DNA and/or histones.
SPONTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF FIBRONECTIN BY ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES IN PATIENTS WITH SCLERODERMA
Authors: Kinsella Margaret B. , Smith Edwin A. , Scott Miller K. , Leroy E. C. , Silver Richard M.
Published: February 2007

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is a common manifestation of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and is a pathologic feature shared by a variety of other diseases. In these other disease processes, the glycoprotein fibronectin (FN) has been shown to be released by the alveolar macrophage, and is thus implicated in the development of fibrosis. We therefore studied the release of FN by alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage of 17 patients with SSc and 14 controls. We found that SSc alveolar macrophages released significantly more FN than did those of controls. Furthermore, the level of FN correlated positively with the level of inflammation determined by cellular analysis of lavage fluid and negatively with carbon monoxide diffusing capacity. FN may therefore play a role in the development of lung fibrosis in SSc and may be a marker of alveolitis.
Retardation of articular cartilage degradation by glycosaminoglycan polysulfate, pentosan polysulfate, and DH‐40J in the rat air pouch model
Authors: Francis D. J. , Forrest M. J. , Brooks P. M. , Ghosh P.
Published: February 2007

The rat subcutaneous air pouch model was adapted to examine the in vivo degradation of implanted rabbit articular cartilage, both with and without induced air pouch inflammation, over a 7‐day period. The effects of 3 drugs, glycosaminoglycan polysulfate (Arteparon), pentosan polysulfate (SP‐54), and zinc‐chelated pentosan polysulfate (DH‐40J), on inflammation‐induced cartilage degradation were also examined. Implanted articular cartilage from noninflamed air pouches showed a reduction in total proteoglycan (PG) content (as hexuronic acid), but not in PG extractability or aggregation, compared with cartilage maintained in tissue culture. The injection of peptone into the air pouch as an inflammogen caused an influx of leukocytes and plasma exudate and a reduction in implanted articular cartilage PG content, extractability, and aggregation, which was significantly greater than that which occurred in noninflamed air pouches. In vitro experiments demonstrated that peptone did not have a direct effect on cartilage PG degradation. Daily injection of Arteparon, SP‐54, or DH‐40J (10 mg/kg) into peptone‐inflamed air pouches significantly increased the PG content, extractability, and aggregation in implanted articular cartilage, compared with that in cartilage from non–drug‐treated control animals. The infiltration of leukocytes into the peptone‐inflamed air pouches was significantly reduced by daily administration of Arteparon, 10 mg/kg. At an equivalent dose, DH‐40J increased leukocyte numbers in the pouch fluid, whereas SP‐54 had no significant effect on leukocyte accumulation.
Retinyl acetate–induced arthritis in C3H‐Avy mice
Authors: Boden Scott D. , Labropoulos Panos A. , Ragsdal Bruce D. , Gullino Pietro M. , Gerber Lynn H.
Published: February 2007

Severely impaired musculoskeletal mobility in C3H‐Avy mice was noted during a pharmacologic trial evaluating the antitumorigenic properties of retinyl acetate (RAc). To determine the etiology of this impairment, we studied 103 female C3H‐Avy mice that were fed RAc in daily doses of 75–300 μg or placebo and were killed after 3–16 months. Whole‐body radiographs and histologic sections of the hindlimbs were scored for presence and severity of arthritis. C3H‐Avy mice treated with RAc in any dose had a significantly higher incidence of arthritis than placebo‐treated mice. Histologic evidence of enthesopathic disease closely paralleled the radiographic changes and ranged from small enthesophytes at tendinous and capsular insertions to complete periarticular bony bridging. Articular cartilage was not grossly affected. The incidence and severity of arthritis were significantly correlated with the total dose of RAc administered. The bony metaplasia induced by RAc was similar to the pathologic changes caused by other retinoids. This model may be useful for studying the pathogenesis of periarticular bone formation in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and related syndromes.
Elevated plasma levels of α2‐plasmin inhibitor–plasmin complex in patients with rheumatic diseases. Possible Role of Fibrinolytic Mechanism in Vasculitis
Authors: Kawakami Makoto , Kawagoe Mitsuhiro , Harigai Masayoshi , Hara Masako , Hirose Tatsuo , Hirose Wataru , Norioka Ken‐Ichi , Suzuki Kimihiro , Kitani Atsushi , Nakamura Haruo
Published: February 2007

Plasma levels of α2‐plasmin inhibitor (α2PI) and α2‐plasmin inhibitor–plasmin complex (α2PIPC) were measured by sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, using a recently developed monoclonal anti‐α2PI antibody, in patients with collagen diseases. Twenty patients had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 4 of whom also had vasculitis, 11 patients had rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 4 of whom also had vasculitis, and 5 patients had other types of vasculitis. There was no significant difference in α2PI levels between the 3 patient groups and the control groups. However, plasma levels of α2PIPC in all 3 patient groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. Moreover, plasma concentrations of α2PIPC in SLE patients with vasculitis were statistically significantly higher than those in SLE patients without vasculitis. These concentrations were also higher in RA patients with vasculitis than in RA patients without vasculitis, although the difference was not statistically significant. Our findings indicate that measurement of plasma α2PIPC levels is useful for detecting and evaluating the severity and activity of vasculitis in patients with collagen diseases.
Conditioned immune responses and pharmacotherapy
Authors: Ader Robert
Published: February 2007

Data on the conditioned modulation of immune responses are briefly reviewed, and the successful application of conditioning operations to the pharmacotherapy of autoimmune disease in lupus‐prone mice is described. These data provide the background for a discussion of the role of conditioning in pharmacotherapy and an experimental analysis of the “placebo effect” as a conditioned response.
Self‐report questionnaires in five rheumatic diseases comparisons of health status constructs and associations with formal education level
Authors: Callahan Leigh F. , Smith Wendy J. , Pincus Theodore
Published: February 2007

Self‐report questionnaire scales to assess various constructs of health status were compared in 602 patients with five rheumatic diseases, including 134 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 216 osteoarthritis (OA), 84 fibromyalgia, 124 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 43 scleroderma patients. RA patients showed significantly higher degrees of difficulty, dissatisfaction, and pain in performing eight activities of daily living (ADL) compared to patients with the other four diseases (P < 0.01), while SLE patients reported the least difficulty, dissatisfaction and pain. Fibromyalgia patients showed significantly higher scores on a visual analog pain scale than patients with the other four diseases (P < 0.05), followed by OA patients. Fibromyalgia patients reported significantly higher levels of learned helplessness, assessed according to a rheumatology attitudes index (RAI), than patients with all other diseases, and scleroderma patients showed significantly lower RAI scores (P < 0.05). Patients with all five diseases who had not completed high school showed poorer clinical status than patients who had completed high school on all six scales. Significant differences in questionnaire scores were seen for 24 of 30 comparisons (five diseases and six scales) according to formal education level, versus only two according to age, and none according to duration of disease.
Antioxidant defense in mitochondria during diapause and postdiapause development of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis, Hubn.)
Authors: Jovanović‐Galović A. , Blagojević D.P. , Grubor‐Lajšić G. , Worland M.R. , Spasić M.B.
Published: February 2007

Antioxidant enzymes (CAT, catalase; GPx, selenium nondependent glutathione peroxidase; GST, glutathione‐S‐transferase; GR, glutathione reductase; DHAR, dehydroascorbate reductase) were determined in the mitochondria of diapausing and non‐diapausing larvae and pupae of both diapausing and non‐diapausing larvae of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis, Hubn., Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). CAT, GST, and DHAR activity in mitochondria of diapausing larvae were reduced compared to non‐diapausing larvae. Pupae of diapaused‐larvae possessed lower GST, but higher DHAR activities compared to pupae of non‐diapaused individuals. Comparison between larvae and pupae revealed lower GPx activity in the mitochondria of pupae. CAT activity in the mitochondria of pupae was higher compared to diapausing larvae, but lower than in non‐diapausing ones. Correlation and canonical discriminant analyses revealed different antioxidant enzyme compositions for a particular stage and developmental pattern. Our results show that antioxidant enzymes have a similar role in the regulation of energetics in mitochondria as that in diapause and metamorphosis. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 64:111–119, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Female sex pheromone suppression and the fate of sex‐peptide‐like peptides in mated moths of Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Nagalakshmi V.K. , Applebaum S.W. , Azrielli A. , Rafaeli A.
Published: February 2007

Insect males produce accessory gland (MAG) factors that are transferred in the seminal fluid to females during copulation, and elicit changes in the mated female's behavior and physiology. Our previous studies showed that the injection of synthetic Drosophila melanogaster sex‐peptide (DrmSP) into virgin females of the moth Helicoverpa armigera causes a significant inhibition of pheromone production. In this and other moth species, pheromone production, correlated with female receptivity, is under neuroendocrine control due to the circadian release of the neuropeptide PBAN. In this study, we show that PBAN, present in the hemolymph during the scotophase in females, is drastically reduced after mating. We also identify 4 DrmSP‐like HPLC peaks (Peaks A, S1, S2, and B) in MAGs, with increasing levels of DrmSP immunoreactivity during the scotophase, when compared to their levels observed during the photophase. In H. armigera MAGs, a significant reduction in the pheromonostatic peak (Peak B) was already evident after 15 min of copulation, and depletion of an additional peak (Peak S2) was evident after complete mating. Peak A is also detected in female brains, increasing significantly 1 h after mating, at which time inhibition of pheromone biosynthesis also occurs. However, changes corresponding to the other MAG peaks were not detected in mated female tissues. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 64:142–155, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phenylbutazone toxicity: Depression of erythropoiesis
Authors: Swineford Oscar , Curry J. C. , Cumbia J. W.
Published: February 2007

The potential toxicity of phenylbutazone is again emphasized by a case of marked depression of erythropoiesis during the administration of this drug. Recovery apparently was hastened by treatment with prednisone.

Le toxicitate potential de phenylbutazona es relevate de novo per un caso de depression marcate del erythropoiese durante le administration del droga. Le restablimento del patiente esseva accelerate, apparentemente, per tractamento con prednisona.
Familial occurrence of the rheumatoid factor
Authors: Ziff Morris , Schmid Frank R. , Lewis Arthur J. , Tanner Martin
Published: February 2007

The inhibition test and the latex fixation test (by the authors' modification) were both found positive more frequently in relatives of rheumatoid patients than in control groups. The authors, having assumed that a positive rheumatoid inhibition test, i.e., failure of sera to inhibit the sheep cell test (amboceptor), is due to the presence of small quantities of rheumatoid agglutinator in the euglobulin fraction, concluded from this and from the results of the capillary latex fixation procedure that increased amounts of rheumatoid factor are present in members of families of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
“Rheumatoid” serologic reactions in experimental animals. II. Bentonite flocculation test in rats with experimental arthritis
Authors: Lerner Edwin M. , Bloch Kurt J. , Williams Robert R.
Published: February 2007

Rats with experimental infectious arthritis developed elevated BFT and SSCA titers. These reactions were also produced in immunized rats without joint lesions. Immunized rabbits developed high BFT titers only, and the responsible factor in rabbit serum was immunologically and physically distinct from human rheumatoid factor. The elevated BFT titers in infected or immunized animals appeared to be a response to human protein in the culture medium, but occurred only when the bacteria were actively growing in it.
Sex incidence of gonococcal arthritis
Authors: Graber William J. , Sanford Jay P. , Ziff Morris
Published: February 2007

Of 48 cases of gonococcal arthritis seen between 1952 and 1958, 10, or 22 per cent, were males. The low incidence observed in males is in distinct contrast to the high incidence in this group reported prior to the antibiotic era. It is suggested that this change in sex incidence is the result of prompt treatment of the preceding symptomatic primary gonorrhea in the heterosexual male, whereas primary gonorrhea in the female is often unrecognized.
Stabilizers and inhibitors in the sensitized sheep‐cell agglutination reaction
Authors: Franklin Edward C.
Published: February 2007

Study of euglobulin fractions from normal sera has demonstrated two types of inhibitors for the sheep cell agglutination reaction. One of these is a gamma globulin, the other, an alpha‐2 globulin. Gamma globulin in an aggregated state neutralizes the rheumatoid factor by combining with it. The specific constitutent of the alpha‐2 globulins responsible for these properties is not yet known, nor has it been possible to define the mechanism by which these proteins stabilize the reaction. Certain properties of these two fractions are described and their possible roles in positive reactions in certain nonrheumatoid conditions are discussed.
Ochronosis: Report of a case
Authors: Di Fiore John A.
Published: February 2007

Ochronosis is a rare inborn error of metabolism caused by a lack or deficiency of the enzyme homogentisic acid oxidase. An additional case has herein been reported exhibiting the classic changes in the sclerae, urine and joints.
Studies of arthritis and other lesions induced in rats by injection of mycobacterial adjuvant. IV. examination of tissues and fluids for infectious agents
Authors: Sharp John T. , Waksman Byron H. , Pearson Carl M. , Madoff Sarabelle
Published: February 2007

Adjuvant induced arthritis is believed to be due to an immunological process associated with the development of delayed hypersensitivity to a component of the injected mycobacterial adjuvant. However, since pleuropneumonia‐like organisms (PPLO) may cause arthritis in rats, it was necessary to determine whether such microorganisms play any role in adjuvant disease. This article reports attempts to cultivate bacteria and PPLO from affected tissues and to transfer disease to normal recipients. No evidence for an infectious agent was obtained.
A study of the prevalence of arthritis in alaskan eskimos
Authors: Blumberg Baruch S. , Bloch Kurt J. , Black Roger L. , Dotter Charles
Published: February 2007

Rheumatoid arthritis is present in an Alaskan Eskimo population. The prevalence of X‐ray evidence of osteoarthritis of the hands and wrists has been determined in an Eskimo population. Comparison with available U. S. white data suggests that the prevalence may be lower in the Eskimo. There was a high prevalence of individuals in the village of Wainwright whose sera yielded a positive bentonite flocculation test.
Studies of the rabbit antibodies which sensitize red blood cells for agglutination by rheumatoid factors
Authors: Rockey John H. , Kunkel Henry G.
Published: February 2007

The high and low molecular weight antibodies of rabbit antisheep red cell serum were separated by electrophoresis, density gradient ultracentrifugation, and DEAE chromatography. It was demonstrated that only antibodies of the low molecular weight class were able to sensitize cells in subagglutinating titer for agglutination by rheumatoid factors. High molecular weight antibodies lacked this capacity. The roles of incomplete rabbit antirabbit red cell and antisheep red cell antibodies in sensitization is discussed.
The Isohemagglutinin partition in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Rawson Arnold J. , Abelson Neva M. , McCarty Daniel J.
Published: February 2007

Following stimulation with incompatible blood group substance, group O rheumatoids have consistently lower isohemagglutinin liters than do normal subjects of the same blood group. This is believed to reflect a decrease in activity associated with S7 globulins. The abnormality does not appear to be the result of steroid therapy and is not seen in sarcoid, cirrhosis, gout or systemic lupus erythematosus.
Immunologic manifestations of a group of patients with a diagnosis of discoid lupus erythematosus
Authors: Bennett J. Claude , Osment Lamar S. , Holley Howard L.
Published: February 2007

Serologic methods currently in use for the study of systemic L.E. offer a possible means for early identification of that proportion of patients with a diagnosis of discoid L.E. who may develop generalized manifestations. Use of these methods in a group of sixteen patients with a diagnosis of chronic discoid L.E. reveals that some patients with only skin abnormalities may be found to have subtle immunopathologic manifestations which are strongly suggestive of the systemic disease.
Zoxazolamine As a Uricosuric Agent. I. Acute Effects in Healthy Non‐Gouty Subjects
Authors: Reed Elizabeth B. , Feichtmeir Thomas V. , Craig Shirley G.
Published: February 2007

The increase in urate clearance during a six hour period following ingestion of zoxazolamine by healthy non‐gouty subjects is roughly proportional to the dose over the range of 25 mg. to 250 mg. The uricosuric activity of zoxazolamine was not affected by concomitant administration of a number of other drugs, but was enhanced by probenecid and by sulfinpyrazone and was diminished by acetazolamide and by small amounts of salicylate.
Coalescence of caudal vertebrae in the giant dinosaur Diplodocus
Authors: Blumberg Baruch S. , Sokoloff Leon
Published: February 2007

The coalescence, seen frequently in the caudal vertebrae of the giant dinosaur Dipiodocus longus, has been re‐examined. A comparison with vertebral fusion in contemporary species suggests that the changes in the dinosaur were of traumatic rather than rheumatoid type.
The resection angulation operation in the treatment of the painful or stiff hip
Authors: Milch Henry
Published: February 2007

The resection angulation operation is designed to eliminate the pain while preserving stabile mobility in the various coxarthroses. Although it may be completed at a single sitting, this operation is a combination of two separate procedures: (1) a resection of the femoral head and neck which serves to decompress the diseased acetabulum and releases the femur at the hip joint, and (2) an abductional Schanz type of femoral osteotomy which serves to restore hip stability. The procedure is technically simple and with attention to its details will yield relief of pain in more than 90 per cent and improvement in motion in over 70 per cent of all cases of painful hip limitation regardless of etiology.
Rheumatoid arthritis of the cricoarytenoid joint: A clinicopathologic study
Authors: Bienenstock Harry , Ehrlich George E. , Freyberg Richard H.
Published: February 2007

Arthritis of the cricoarytenoid joint occurs much more frequently in patients with rheumatoid disease than has generally been suspected. Seventeen of 64 randomly selected patients with rheumatoid arthritis had one or more symptoms considered to be characteristic of cricoarytenoid arthritis. At postmortem examination, histopathologic changes typical of rheumatoid arthritis were seen in the cricoarytenoid joints in seven of eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The abnormal findings on indirect laryngoscopy, typical of rheumatoid arthritis of the cricoarytenoid joints, are reported and treatment is discussed.
Nodular rheumatoid disease of the lung with cavitation
Authors: Noonan Charles D. , Taylor Fletcher B. , Engleman Ephraim P.
Published: February 2007

Nodular rheumatoid disease of the lung is an established clinical entity, having been recorded previously in 14 cases. The 14 cases were reviewed, with emphasis on their differentiation from nodular lung disease associated with pneumoconiosis and rheumatoid arthritis (Caplan's syndrome). This report adds a fifteenth case to the literature with the characteristics of the second recorded instance of roentgenologically demonstrable cavitation of pulmonary nodules, an associated high F‐II titer, and a silica‐free biopsy specimen.
Effect of aspirin on circulatory responses to catecholamines
Authors: Strom Esther A. , Coffman Jay D.
Published: February 2007

Calf and foot blood flow responses to intravenous epinephrine and norepinephrine were studied by venous occlusion plethysmography. Subjects were studied on two control days and after having ingested 3.6 gms. aspirin daily for two days. Epinephrine‐induced vasoconstriction in the foot and vasodilation in the calf were significantly reduced after aspirin as was norepinephrine‐induced vasoconstriction in both the foot and the calf. Skin temperatures confirmed the reduction of cutaneous vasoconstrictor responses by aspirin. Pulse and blood pressure responses were unaffected.
Gamma‐1 globulin levels in rheumatic fever
Authors: Hong Richard , West Clark D.
Published: February 2007

Gamma‐1A serum levels were found to be elevated in 74 per cent of 31 cases of acute rheumatic fever, more frequently than in rheumatoid arthritis, acute glomerulonephritis, and non‐complicated streptococcal infections. Some patients with clinically inactive rheumatic fever also demonstrated increased gamma‐1A. This finding could not be correlated with the severity of cardiac damage nor was it associated with continuing clinically inapparent activity. Surprisingly, gamma‐ 1M increase was observed in only 13 per cent of the cases.
Findings suggestive of systemic lupus erythematosus in subjects on chronic anticonvulsant therapy
Authors: Wilske Kenneth R. , Shalit Ivan E. , Willkens Robert F. , Decker John L.
Published: February 2007

An institutionalized population was examined under standardized conditions for physical and laboratory abnormalities seen with systemic lupus erythematosus or other connective tissue diseases. Multiple abnormalities were found in about 8 per cent of those on chronic anticonvulsant therapy and in none of those not receiving such treatment; phenobarbital was as closely related as diphenylhydantoin but the combination may be most important. The abnormalities were interpreted as reactive results of the drugs; the ability to react was considered to be restricted to a small proportion of the population.
The inflammatory response to injected microcrystalline monosodium urate in normal, hyperuricemic, gouty and uremic subjects
Authors: Buchanan W. Watson , Klinenberg James R. , Seegmiller J. E.
Published: February 2007

Microcrystalline sodium urate was injected intradermally and subcutaneously in 15 normal subjects, 12 hyperuricemic subjects without gout, 14 patients with gout and 6 uremic subjects, and the magnitude of the inflammatory response was determined. The skin reactivity was markedly diminished in 4 of the 6 uremic patients. The range of skin reactivity was significantly greater in gouty patients than in normal or hyperuricemic subjects, but there was no significant difference in the mean inflammatory response between these groups of subjects.
Movement and composition of interstitial fluid of cartilage
Authors: Linn Frank C. , Sokoloff Leon
Published: February 2007

A method is described for determining the rate of mechanical expression and resorption of fluid from cartilage and for determining its composition. Human articular cartilage, unlike costal tissue, showed little change in its total or expressible fluid throughout life. The extruded material resembled synovial fluid except for its low protein content and viscosity. It is suggested that the expressed fluid was held osmotically in the ground substance.
The effects of indomethacin on rheumatic fever
Authors: Vignau Alberto , Guasch Julio , Schuster Augusto , Patri Alfredo , Correa Enrique , Vaisman Samuel , Mortimer Edward A.
Published: February 2007

Indomethacin, a non‐steroid anti‐inflammatory drug, was given to 28 patients with acute rheumatic fever or chorea, and its effects compared to 23 similar patients given aspirin. No significant differences were observed either in effects on acute phase manifestations or the incidence of valvular heart disease one year later. Because of the incidence of side effects in other studies, indomethacin would appear to offer no advantage over aspirin in the therapy of rheumatic fever.
Colchicine and trimethylcolchicinic acid: A comparison of their effects on human white blood cells in vitro
Authors: Wechsler Robert , Wallace Stanley L. , Gerber Donald , Schrrer Joseph
Published: February 2007

Colchicine suppressed acid production by human leukocytes during phagocytosis in vitro, while trimethylcolchicinic acid did not. Since the two substances are similar chemically and in their effect on gout, one may conclude that colchicine does not exert its beneficial effect on acute gout by means of its suppression of leukocyte acid production during phagocytosis. In addition, trimethylcolchicinic acid was shown to have no antimitotic effect in the concentration tested.
Rheumatoid Arthritis After Rubella
Authors: Martenis Thomas W. , Bland John H. , Phillips Charles A.
Published: February 2007

A case of rheumatoid arthritis following rubella is presented. The serum latex fixation test, at first negative, became positive in high titer in 2 months and was positive 5 years after onset of the arthritis. Convalescent sera were positive for rubella neutralizing and hemagglutination‐inhibiting antibodies through the 5‐year follow‐up. Although the association could be coincidental, these findings suggest that rubella virus may have contributed to the subsequent development of the syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis.
Pulmonary Involvement in Polymyositis: Report of a Case with Response to Corticosteroid Therapy
Authors: Weaver Arthur L. , Brundage Bruce H. , Nelson Roald A. , Bischoff Marshall B.
Published: February 2007

A case of polymyositis with clinical, roentgenologic, physiologic, and morphologic evidence of lung involvement has been presented. The initial description of the electron microscopic alterations of the pulmonary lesions has been included. Symptomatic improvement and resolution of the roentgenographic abnormalities followed corticosteroid therapy. The similarity of the pulmonary lesions occurring in polymyositis and progressive systemic sclerosis has been stressed; the response of the former to corticosteroid therapy may be a possible differentiating feature.
Immunologic and clinical observations of granulocyte‐specific antinuclear antibodies
Authors: Svec Kathryn H.
Published: February 2007

The presence of granulocyte‐specific antinucleoprotein antibodies was established by absorption tests in 31 sera and unmasked in three additional sera. The majority of patients demonstrated rheumatoid arthritis, but 2 patients had lupoid hepatitis. Differences in fluorescent patterns of staining and degrees of heterologous reactivity delineated two separate granulocyte‐specific antinuclear antibodies, one of which showed a significant association with granulocytopenia.
The stromal cell reaction of pigmented villonodular synovitis: An electron microscopic study
Authors: Wyllie John C.
Published: February 2007

Synovium obtained from a patient with pigmented villonodular synovitis was studied with the electron microscope. Attention was directed to the stromal cell hyperplasia, a histological feature of this disease. It was shown that the participating cells were of two main types. The more abundant cell resembled the fibroblast of connective tissue in general, and appeared capable of collagen and mucopolysaccharide synthesis. The second cell type was similar to a macrophage and contained numerous hemosiderin inclusions.
Ultrastructural studies of the passage of gold thiomalate across the renal glomerular capillary wall
Authors: Strunk Stanley W. , Ziff Morris
Published: February 2007

In rats injected with gold thiomalate, electron‐dense deposits were observed in the lysosomes of glomerular epithelial cells indicating passage through the capillary wall. The formation of these deposits appeared to be dependent on the sulfur‐containing portion of the gold thiomalate molecule since similar, though not identical, deposits were seen in animals injected with sodium thiomalate. In 2 patients with gold nephrotoxicity, the kidney showed deposits in the peripheral capillary wall of the glomerulus resembling the deposits seen in immune‐complex disease and differing in appearance from the “gold inclusions” produced by gold thiomalate.
The significance of lysozyme (muramidase) in rheumatoid arthritis. i. levels in serum and synovial fluid
Authors: Pruzanski W. , Saito S. , Ogryzlo M. A.
Published: February 2007

Lysozyme (muramidase)* activity was estimated in 120 serum and 67 synovial fluid samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These data were compared with the activity in samples from healthy controls and from patients with other forms of arthritis. In 35% of the serum samples and in 55% of the synovial fluid samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, lysozome activity was increased. Simultaneous estimations in serum and synovial fluid in 15 patients showed that lysozyme activity was significantly higher in synovial fluid than in serum. In serum from patients with other forms of arthritis, lysozyme activity was normal when renal function was normal. Low lysozyme levels were observed in synovial fluid obtained from patients with post‐traumatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, seronegative polyarthritis and arthritis associated with plasmacytic dyscrasias. However, high lysozyme levels were observed in acute gout, infectious arthritis and acute nonspecific synovitis. No direct correlation was found between the activity of lysozyme and the number of white blood cells in the synovial fluid. Attention is drawn here to the possible role of lysozyme as a contributor to intra‐articular inflammation.
DNA antibodies in childhood scleroderma
Authors: Hanson Virgil , Drexler Elizabeth , Kornreichxy Helen
Published: February 2007

Seven of 18 children with focal scleroderma were found to have antibodies to DNA in the IgG or IgM fractions by immunofluorescent spot test, and 8 of the 18 had antibodies to HDNA in the same fractions. One of 6 children with progressive systemic sclerosis had antibody to HDNA in the IgG fraction. Four of 5 children with focal scleroderma were found to have precipitating antibody to DNA and HDNA on double diffusion in agarose. No antibodies to DNA or HDNA were demonstrated in 23 control children, nor in 24 children with dermatomyositis.
Transient osteoporosis of the hip, foot and knee
Authors: Swezey Robert L.
Published: February 2007

A 54‐year‐old man with a migrating localized osteoporosis of a foot, hip, and knee over the course of two years is described. The differential diagnosis is considered in detail. Evidence of an intense uptake of 85Sr by the right femoral head suggested diffuse osteoblastic activity in the osteoporotic area. Eight reported cases, including the present case of recurrent osteolysis of the hip, knee, or foot, suggest that transient osteoporosis of the hip and migrating osteolysis of the lower extremity are variations of the same apparent neurovascular disorder.
Rheumatoid constrictive pericarditis, treated by pericardiectomy report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Liss Joseph P. , Thompson Bachmann W.
Published: February 2007

A case of constrictive cholesterol pericarditis with successful pericardiectomy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis is presented. The relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and constrictive pericarditis is discussed. Twenty‐five cases of rheumatoid constrictive pericarditis, including 4 with constrictive cholesterol pericarditis undergoing pericardiectomy are reviewed. In these cases, steroid therapy did not appear to be beneficial, and early pericardiectomy is recommended.
The Complement System in Rheumatoid Synovitis. II. Intracytoplasmic Inclusions of Immunoglobulins and Complement
Authors: Britton Melvin C. , Schur Peter H.
Published: February 2007

Synovial fluid leukocytes from patients with seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative joint disease were examined by immunofluorescence for deposition of γG, γA, γM, γG1, γG2, γG3, γG4, C1q, C4, C3, rheumatoid factor, and albumin. The pattern of immunoglobulin and complement deposition, particularly in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis fluids with low complement levels, was consistent with activation of the complement system and phagocytosis of immune complexes.