bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Heat-Polymerized and Auto-Polymerized Soft Liners with Regard to Transverse Bond Strength, Peel Bond Strength and Water Sorption: An in vitro Study
Authors: Krishnappan Prasanna Laxmi , Jaiesh Ragavendra , Swaminathan TN
Published: February 2015

Purpose

This is an in vitro study for comparative evaluation of transverse bond strength, peel bond strength and water sorption properties between heat polymerized and auto-polymerized resins.

Materials and methods

Two denture soft liners (Molloplast-B, Coe-Soft) were investigated. A total number of 60 specimens were used. Twenty specimens were used for evaluation of each physical property of soft liner. For transverse bond strength, ten specimens (64 ⨯ 2.5 ⨯ 10 mm) of each liner were made by processing the denture liners with heat cure polymethyl methacrylate (Meliodent). All specimens for transverse bond strength were conducted on samples immersed in distilled water at 37°C for 50 hours by using three-point transverse flexural tests in a Lloyd's Universal Testing Machine and transverse bond strength was calculated based on the maximum load, span length, breadth and thickness. Another set of ten specimens of (75 ⨯ 25 ⨯ 3 mm) of each denture liner were bonded over 25 mm of heat cure PMMA and separated over the remaining 50 mm of acrylic plate to estimate the peel bond strength. The peel bond strength were conducted on specimens which were dried at room temperature for 48 hours and tested at 21 1 ± C in a Lloyd's testing machine that was linked to an IBM Compatible Computer. The specimens were deformed with a cross head speed of 5 mm/minute according to ASTMD-903 and peel bond strength was calculated when peel angle was 180°. For water sorption tests, ten disc shaped samples of each liner of 50 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in thickness were fabricated. After polymerization of the liners, the samples were then stored in distilled water at 37°C for 7 days. After one week, excess moisture was removed and each sample was weighed using electronic weighing machine.

Results

The transverse bond strength of Molloplast-B and Coe-Soft were almost similar and did not show any significant difference in their values. But, there is a significant decrease in the peel bond strength and water sorption property of Molloplast-B and Coe-Soft.

Conclusion

The reason for transverse bond strength results being similar for both the liners is because they were polymerized chemically with the denture base resins and this chemical affinity could have made its bond strength almost equal. Since, there is a decrease in the peel bond strength of Molloplast-B, the chances of stripping of the liner at the flanges of the denture is minimal. The decrease in water sorption of Molloplast-B can be expected to retain the bond with the denture and sustain the resilience property of the material for a longer time.

How to cite this article

Krishnappan PL, Jaiesh R, Swa- minathan TN. Comparative Evaluation of Heat-Polymerized and Auto-Polymerized Soft Liners with Regard to Transverse Bond Strength, Peel Bond Strength and Water Sorption: An in vitro Study. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(3):61-67.
Clinical Reliability of Different Facial Measurements in Determining Vertical Dimension of Occlusion in Dentulous and Edentulous Subjects
Authors: Singh Yashpal , Brar Anchal , Mattoo Khurshid A , Singh Manas , Khurana Puneet Raj Singh , Singh Mayank
Published: February 2015

Purpose

To determine the variations in average distances between various facial landmarks used to determine the vertical dimension of rest and occlusion among dentulous and edentulous subjects. Besides determining the reliability of these facial measurements against commonly used Chin-Nose distance, this study would also compare the difference between cephalometric landmarks (anterior nasal Spine-Menton) with the Chin-Nose distance (Niswonger's method).

Materials and methods

To standardize the measurement and minimize errors associated with observer and subject movement, a novel instrument was designed in the form of an apparatus and was named as subject and device stabilizing apparatus (SDSA). One hundred and twenty subjects, in the age group of 30 to 60 years, were selected and divided into two equal groups which were further subdivided into subgroups. Measurements were recorded with the help of a digital vernier that was attached to the apparatus. The various facial measure- ments studied were Pupil-Stomion, Glabella-Subnasion, Pupil-Pupil and Angle-Angle both at rest and in occlusion. These measurements were then compared with Chin-Nose and anterior nasal Spine-Menton distance. Differences between the dentulous and edentulous subjects at rest and at occlusion were noted and statistically analyzed using unpaired ‘t’ test and Karl Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results

Among the six measurements Chin-Nose, Glabella- Subnasion, Pupil-Stomion and anterior nasal Spine-Menton were closely associated between dentulous and edentulous subjects both at rest and at occlusion. Among all facial and cephalometric measurement the facial parameter of Pupil- Stomion illustrates the least deviation in edentulous (1.318) and dentulous (1.381) subjects at rest, whereas anterior nasal Spine-Menton displays least deviation in edentulous (2.751) and dentulous (1.224) subjects at occlusion.

Conclusion

The average facial measurements in dentulous subjects were more than measurements in edentulous subjects and among various facial measurements, Pupil-Stomion and anterior nasal Spine-Menton distance can be used clinically as a guide to verify vertical dimension of occlusion.

How to cite this article

Brar A, Mattoo KA, Singh Y, Singh M, Khurana PRS, Singh M. Clinical Reliability of Different Facial Measurements in Determining Vertical Dimension of Occlusion in Dentulous and Edentulous Subjects. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(3):68-77.
Comparison of Accuracy of Direct Implant Impression Technique using Different Splinting Materials
Authors: Selvaraj Sunantha , Mohan Jayashree , Simon Paul , Dorairaj Jayachandran
Published: February 2015

Introduction

The accuracy of an impression remains critical factor in achieving passive fit of an implant framework. The accuracy of the master cast would depend on the type of impression material, the implant impression technique and accuracy of die material. The different impression techniques advocated in the literature for implant impressions include direct (open tray) and indirect (closed tray) techniques. Direct technique use square impression copings that are picked up in the impressions which were used in this study.

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy of direct impression made with resin splinted and bis-GMA splinted open-tray impression coping. Thus to compare the accuracy of impressions obtained using different splinting materials.

Materials and Methods

A wax mandibular reference model was fabricated and four implants were placed in the mandibular anterior region using surveyor and acrylized with clear heat cure acrylic resin using injection molding technique. Spaced primary cast was fabricated with a uniform thickness of space about 2 mm. Ten custom trays were fabricated using the light curable resin sheets. Medium body polyether impression material was used. Pentamix was used to get a uniform mix. These trays were randomly divided among the two groups, with five trays in each group. Impression techniques were divided into two groups namely:

  Group A - direct impression technique with open tray impression copings splinted with autopolymerizing acrylic resin (GC pattern resin), group B - direct impression technique with open tray impression copings splinted with Protemp TM4 (bis- GMA) syringable temporisation material. Thus, final impressions were made. Total of 10 master casts were fabricated. Evaluation of casts using Dynascope-Vision engineering, Tesa Microhite 2D and coordinate measuring machine were used.

Results

Statistical comparisons were made using ANOVA test and post-hoc test. Same amount of deviation values obtained with resin splinted and bis-GMA splinted impression copings. The difference in the values might be because of the variation in the rigidity of the materials used.

Conclusion

Both the splinting material exhibit similar accuracy in impression, so bis-GMA can be used, which is easy to handle, less time consuming, less technique sensitive, rigid and readily available material in clinics, instead of resin splinted material which is technique sensitive, more time consuming and cumbersome.

How to cite this article

Selvaraj S, Mohan J, Simon P, Dorairaj J. Comparison of Accuracy of Direct Implant Impression Technique using Different Splinting Materials. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(3):82-89.
Proposição e teste de um modelo de escolha de cursos de graduação
Authors: Cunha Átila Simões da , Souki Gustavo Quiroga , Moura Luiz Rodrigo Cunha , Reis Neto Mário Teixeira
Published: February 2015

A expansão do ensino superior brasileiro provocou crescimento da oferta de vagas acima da demanda, despertando necessidade de melhor compreender como os estudantes escolhem onde estudar. Os objetivos desta pesquisa consistem em identificar os atributos considerados para tal escolha, a capacidade de tais atributos explicarem a crença dos estudantes em terem tomado a decisão correta. Para atender a esses objetivos foi conduzido um levantamento do tipo survey, com base em um corte transversal, com amostra de 1.823 estudantes. Os resultados apontaram que a “crença de ter tomado a decisão correta” se apoia principalmente na “imagem da instituição” e no “preço baixo”. A “imagem da instituição” foi explicada por “professores e qualidade do ensino”, “status”, “tradição e reconhecimento”, “sucesso profissional e pessoal”, “acessibilidade de localização”, “infraestrutura”, “atividades extracurriculares” e a “possibilidade de viabilização da graduação”. Estes e outros atributos foram identificados e apresentados no modelo hipotético proposto.
Regional differences in Chinese SO2 emission control efficiency and policy implications
Authors: Zhang Q. Q. , Wang Y. , Ma Q. , Xie Y. , He K.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. SO2 emission control has been one of the most important air pollution policies in China since 2000. In this study, we assess regional differences in SO2 emission control efficiencies in China through the modeling analysis of four scenarios of SO2 emissions, all of which aim at reducing the national total SO2 emissions by 8% or 2.3 Tg below the 2010 emissions level, the target set by the current 12th FYP (2011–2015), but differ in the spatial implementation. The GEOS-Chem chemical transport model is used to evaluate the efficiency of each scenario on the basis of three impact metrics: surface sulfate concentration, population-weighted sulfate concentration (PWC), and sulfur export flux from China to the Western Pacific. The efficiency of SO2 control (β) is defined as the relative change of each impact metric to a 1% reduction of SO2 emissions from the 2010 baseline. The S1 scenario, which adopts a spatially uniform reduction of SO2 emissions in China, gives a β of 0.71, 0.83, and 0.67 for sulfate concentration, PWC, and export flux, respectively. By comparison, the S2 scenario, which implements all the SO2 emissions reduction over North China (NC), is found most effective in reducing national-mean surface sulfate concentrations and sulfur export fluxes, with β being 0.76 and 0.95 respectively. The S3 scenario of implementing all the SO2 emission reduction over South China (SC) has the highest β in reducing PWC (β = 0.98) because SC has the highest correlation between population density and sulfate concentration. Reducing SO2 emissions over Southwest China (SWC) is found to be least efficient on the national scale, albeit within-region benefit. The difference in β by scenario is attributable to regional differences in SO2 oxidation pathways and source–receptor relationships. Among the three regions examined here, NC shows the largest proportion of sulfate formation from gas phase oxidation, which is more sensitive to SO2 emission change than aqueous oxidation. In addition, NC makes the largest contribution to inter-regional transport of sulfur within China and to the transport fluxes to Western Pacific. The policy implication is that China needs to carefully design a regionally specific implementation plan of realizing its SO2 emissions reduction target in order to maximize the resulting air quality benefits not only for China but for the downwind regions, with emphasis on reducing emissions from NC.
Improvements in Data Quality, Integration and Reliability: New Developments at the IRIS DMC
Authors: Ahern T. , Benson R. , Casey R. , Trabant C. , Weertman B.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. With the support of the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and on behalf of the international seismological community, IRIS developed a Data Management Center (DMC; Ahern, 2003) that has for decades acted as a primary resource for seismic networks wishing to make their data broadly available, as well as a significant point of access for researchers and monitoring agencies worldwide that wish to access high quality data for a variety of purposes. Recently IRIS has taken significant new steps to improve the quality of and access to the services of the IRIS DMC. This paper highlights some of the current new efforts being undertaken by IRIS. The primary topics include (1) steps to improve reliability and consistency of access to IRIS data resources, (2) a comprehensive new approach to assessing the quality of seismological and other data, (3) working with international partners to federate seismological data access services, and finally (4) extensions of the federated concept to extend data access to data from other geoscience domains.
Detecting physically unrealistic outliers in ACE-FTS atmospheric measurements
Authors: Sheese P. E. , Boone C. D. , Walker K. A.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. The ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment – Fourier Transform Spectrometer) instrument on board the Canadian satellite SCISAT has been observing the Earth's limb in solar occultation since its launch in 2003. Since February 2004, high resolution (0.02 cm−1) observations in the spectral region of 750–4400 cm−1 have been used to derive volume mixing ratio profiles of over 30 atmospheric trace species and over 20 atmospheric isotopologues. Although the full ACE-FTS level 2 data set is available to users in the general atmospheric community, until now no quality flags have been assigned to the data. This study describes the two-stage procedure for detecting physically unrealistic outliers within the data set for each retrieved species, which is a fixed procedure across all species. Since the distributions of ACE-FTS data across regions (altitude/latitude/season/local time) tend to be asymmetric and multimodal, the screening process does not make use of the median absolute deviation. It makes use of volume mixing ratio probability density functions, assuming that the data, when sufficiently binned, are at most tri-modal and that these modes can be represented by the superposition of three normal, or log-normal, distributions. Quality flags have been assigned to the data based on retrieval statistical fitting error, the physically unrealistic outliers described in this study, and known instrumental/processing errors. The quality flags defined and discussed in this study are now available for all level 2 versions 2.5 and 3.5 data and will be made available as a standard product for future versions.
New highlights of phytolith structure and occluded carbon location: 3-D X-ray microscopy and NanoSIMS results
Authors: Alexandre A. , Basile-Doelsch I. , Delhaye T. , Borshneck D. , Mazur J. C. , Reyerson P. , Santos G. M.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Phytoliths contain occluded organic compounds called phytC. Recently, phytC content, nature, origin, paleoenvironmental meaning and impact in the global C cycle have been the subject of increasing debate. Inconsistencies were fed by the scarcity of in situ characterizations of phytC in phytoliths. Here we reconstructed at high spatial resolution the 3-D structure of harvested grass short cell (GSC) phytoliths using 3-D X-ray microscopy. While this technique has been widely used for 3-D reconstruction of biological systems it has never been applied in high-resolution mode to silica particles. Simultaneously, we investigated the location of phytC using nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). Our data evidenced that the silica structure contains micrometric internal cavities. These internal cavities were sometimes observed isolated from the outside. Their opening may be an original feature or may result from a beginning of dissolution of silica during the chemical extraction procedure, mimicking the progressive dissolution process that can happen in natural environments. The phytC that may originally occupy the cavities is thus susceptible to rapid oxidation. It was not detected by the NanoSIMS technique. However, another pool of phytC, continuously distributed in and protected by the silica structure, was observed. Its N/C ratio (0.27) is in agreement with the presence of amino acids. These findings constitute a basis to further characterize the origin, occlusion process, nature and accessibility of phytC, as a prerequisite for assessing its significance in the global C cycle.
A web based spatial decision supporting system for land management and soil conservation
Authors: Terribile F. , Agrillo A. , Bonfante A. , Buscemi G. , Colandrea M. , D'Antonio A. , De Mascellis R. , De Michele C. , Langella G. , Manna P. , Marotta L. , Mileti F. A. , Minieri L. , Orefice N. , Valentini S. , Vingiani S. , Basile A.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Today it is evident that there are many contrasting demands on our landscape (e.g. food security, more sustainable agriculture, higher income in rural areas, etc.) but also many land degradation problems. It has been proved that providing operational answers to these demands and problems is extremely difficult. Here we aim to demonstrate that a Spatial Decision Support System based on geospatial cyber-infrastructure (GCI) can embody all of the above, so producing a smart system for supporting decision making for agriculture, forestry and urban planning with respect to the landscape. In this paper, we discuss methods and results of a special kind of GCI architecture, one that is highly focused on soil and land conservation (SOILCONSWEB-LIFE+ project). The system allows us to obtain dynamic, multidisciplinary, multiscale, and multifunctional answers to agriculture, forestry and urban planning issues through the web. The system has been applied to and tested in an area of about 20 000 ha in the South of Italy, within the framework of a European LIFE+ project. The paper reports – as a case study – results from two different applications dealing with agriculture (olive growth tool) and environmental protection (soil capability to protect groundwater). Developed with the help of end users, the system is starting to be adopted by local communities. The system indirectly explores a change of paradigm for soil and landscape scientists. Indeed, the potential benefit is shown of overcoming current disciplinary fragmentation over landscape issues by offering – through a smart web based system – truly integrated geospatial knowledge that may be directly and freely used by any end user (http://www.landconsultingweb.eu). This may help bridge the last much important divide between scientists working on the landscape and end users.
Classifying the Patterns of Natural Arguments
Authors: Macagno Fabrizio , Walton Douglas
Published: February 2015

The representation and classification of the structure of natural arguments has been one of the most important aspects of Aristotelian and medieval dialectical and rhetorical theories. This traditional approach is represented nowadays in models of argumentation schemes. The purpose of this article is to show how arguments are characterized by a complex combination of two levels of abstraction, namely, semantic relations and types of reasoning, and to provide an effective and comprehensive classification system for this matrix of semantic and quasilogical connections. To this purpose, we propose a dichotomous criterion of classification, transcending both levels of abstraction and representing not what an argument is but how it is understood and interpreted. The schemes are grouped according to an end-means criterion, which is strictly bound to the ontological structure of the conclusion and the premises. On this view, a scheme can be selected according to the intended or reconstructed purpose of an argument and the possible strategies that can be used to achieve it.
Guide(s) for the Perplexed
Authors: Blum Alan
Published: February 2015

This article compares science and the novel as different rhetorical strategies for representing relationships to the limits of knowledge and what seems unknown. I draw on Kenneth Burke's (1957) figure of “equipment for living” to revive the question of the value of knowledge and art for life, identifying the comparison between science and the humanities itself as a social phenomenon and focusing on the uses and rhetorical value of such disciplines and of literature for life in a period ruled by concerns for so-called applied knowledge and dreams of its transfer and dissemination. In this way, I try to escape from a notion of rhetoric limited solely to social interaction and the mutual persuasiveness of selves in order to develop, by linking rhetoric to subjectivity, a rhetorical approach to the consciousness of a subject conceived as relating to the limits of what can be known.
Validated Stability-Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Cefixime Trihydrate in the Presence of its Acid and Alkali Degradation Products
Authors: Mostafa Nadia M , Abdel-Fattah Laila , Weshahy Soheir A , Hassan Nagiba Y , Boltia Shereen A
Published: February 2015

Five simple, accurate, precise, and economical spectrophotometric methods have been developed for thedetermination of cefixime trihydrate (CFX) in the presence of its acid and alkali degradation products without prior separation. In the first method, secondderivative (2D) and first derivative (1D) spectrophotometry was applied to the absorption spectra of CFX and its acid (2D) or alkali (1D) degradation products by measuring the amplitude at 289 and 308 nm, respectively. The second method was a first derivative (1DD) ratio spectrophotometric method where the peak amplitudes were measured at 311 nm in presence of the acid degradation product, and 273 and 306 nm in presence of its alkali degradation product. The third method was ratio subtraction spectrophotometry where the drug is determined at 286 nm in laboratory-prepared mixtures of CFX and its acid or alkali degradation product. The fourth method was based on dualwavelength analysis; two wavelengths were selected at which the absorbances of one component were the same, so wavelengths 209 and 252 nm were used to determine CFX in presence of its acid degradation productand 310 and 321 nm in presence of its alkali degradation product. The fifth method was bivariate spectrophotometric calibration based on four linear regression equations obtained at the wavelengths 231 and 290 nm, and 231 and 285 nm for the binary mixture of CFX with either its acid or alkali degradation product, respectively. The developed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of CFX in laboratory-prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical formulations with good recoveries, and their validation was carried out following the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The results obtained were statistically compared with each other and showed no significant difference with respect to accuracy and precision.
Citizens’ Trust in the EU: The Impact of the Constitutional and the Eurozone Crises
Authors: Camisão Isabel
Published: February 2015

Trust in political institutions is vital to the normal functioning of the political system. The EU is a political system in the making, thus the levels of trust in EU institutions and in the EU as a whole could be an important indicator of the ‘health’ of this emerging polity. Trust is influenced by the social, economic and social environment, which means that periods of crisis could have an impact on trust. In this paper, we analyse the levels of trust during two different EU crises – the rejection of the constitutional treaty and the current Eurozone crisis. The purpose of the analysis is to establish how different types of crises, with different degrees of salience for Europeans and with different outcomes in terms of problem-solving efficiency, affect trust in the EU and confidence in its future.
Personalization of Politics and Electoral Change
Authors: Voženílková Marcela
Published: February 2015

Garzia, Diego. 2014. Personalization of Politics and Electoral Change. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. 137 pages.
Efficacy and Safety of Fixed-Dose-Rate Infusions of Gemcitabine Plus Erlotinib for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Alberto Muñoz  , Eider Azkona  , Estíbaliz Iza  , Eluska Iruarrizaga  , Abigail Ruiz de Lobera  , Itziar Rubio  , Joan Manel Mañé  , Sergio Carrera  , Inés Marrodán Ciordia  , Guillermo López-Vivanco
Published: February 2015

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose-rate infusions of gemcitabine in combination with erlotinib for advanced pancreatic cancer.
Methods/Patients: Patients with locally advanced (LAPC) or metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC) without previous treatment for the advanced disease and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status received 1500 mg/m2 of gemcitabine in 150-minute infusions (10 mg/m2/minute) on days 1, 8 and 15 in 4-week cycles combined with 100 mg/day of oral erlotinib. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).
Results: Sixty-two evaluable patients were enrolled (LAPC, n=16; MPC, n=46). Median OS was 10.0 (95% CI, 7.1-13.0) months. OS was longer in patients with LAPC (p=0.019), females (p=0.010) and patients not receiving opioids (p=0.027). A trend towards longer OS was shown in patients with grade  rash (p=0.078). In multivariate analysis, only gender remained statistically significant (p=0.01). Median PFS was 4.9 (95% CI, 3.1-6.8) months, which was longer in patients with LAPC (p=0.004) and females (p=0.013). Overall response rate was 12.9% (95% CI, 4.7-21.3), with eight patients achieving partial response, and tumour growth control rate was 67.7% (95% CI, 79.3-56.1). The main grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (40.3%), asthenia (22.6%), anaemia (19.4%), thrombocytopenia (17.7%) and infections (14.5%). Three patients died due to septic shock, cholangitis or pulmonary embolism.
Conclusions: The combination of fixed-dose-rate infusions of gemcitabine and erlotinib represents a feasible and active regimen for advanced pancreatic cancer with a manageable safety profile.
Turismo como aporte ao avanço do capital na vila de Itaúnas-ES e a cultura como expressão de resistência / Tourism as a contribution to the advancement of capital in village Itaúnas/ES and culture as expression of resistance.
Authors: Xavier Maria A. de Sá , Bassetti Telma Bitencourt
Published: February 2015

O  artigo trata do turismo como aporte ao avanço do capital, com foco na comunidade tradicional de Vila de Itaúnas. Objetivamos reflexão, seguida de discussão sobre a cultura local enquanto resistência ao processo de implantação do turismo hegemônico sol e mar. Utilizamos metodologia exploratória e levantamento dos temas pertinentes à discussão, seguido de releitura de pesquisa etnogeográfica, sendo seus dados empíricos empregados para análise, e após discussão e conclusão. Argumentamos o Ticumbi como Instituição Social local, sem apropriação turística, contudo há elementos necessários à formação dos arranjos produtivos de base comunitária postos em sua espacialidade organizacional cotidiana. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Turismo, Resistência cultural, Vila de Itaúnas.
O que é Extremo Sul da Bahia no século XXI em tempos de globalização? / What is Extreme Southern Bahia in the 21st century in times of globalization?
Authors: CERQUEIRA NETO Sebastião Pinheiro Gonçalves de , Silva Leonardo Thompson da
Published: February 2015

A formação de novos estados brasileiro é um tema que está longe de ser uma unanimidade acadêmica, no entanto, a geografia não pode e não deve se esconder desse debate. A grande dimensão territorial de alguns estados e a ineficiência governamental têm se constituído em obstáculos para a integração regional. A quebra de hierarquia dos lugares e a globalização são componentes que exercem forte influência no processo de fragmentação dos territórios. A reflexão que apresento neste artigo é parte do resultado da minha tese de doutorado sobre a dinâmica geográfica do Extremo Sul da Bahia. Evidentemente que não se pode uniformizar as dinâmicas estaduais, mas, percebe-se que está cada vez mais difícil para algumas unidades federais manter suas regiões dentro de um modelo de administração que é altamente concentrador e, por conseguinte excludente.
Absorbed Residue Analysis of a Mississippi Plain Jar from Angel Mounds (12Vg1)
Authors: Reber Eleanora , Baumann Timothy E. , Monaghan G.William , Myers Kelsey Noack
Published: February 2015

For the first time in North American archaeology, absorbed residue analysis was conducted on multiple samples from the same vessel, a complete Mississippi Plain jar from Angel Mounds (12Vg1). This approach provided comprehensive, residue-based interpretations of the form and function of a single pot. The Mississippi Plain jar was recovered from a burnt house floor along with the broken remains of a similar vessel and burnt maize. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of absorbed lipid residues were performed on four different parts of this vessel to determine its contents and function. Comparison of absorbed residues from the pot and soil lipids was used to determine whether the pot was buried with contents intact. The results indicate that this vessel was used to cook a mixture of riverine (lean fish or shellfish) and plant resources, probably including maize. Diterpenoid biomarkers were also present, suggesting that conifer resin was used either to seal the pot or as a flavoring. The jar, though deposited whole, was probably not buried with contents intact.
La conversion
Authors: Vecoli Fabrizio
Published: February 2015

La conversion est au départ un phénomène judéo-chrétien, donc culturellement très connoté. Et c’est précisément dans cette perspective limitée que se situe notre intervention. L’intérêt est celui de mieux comprendre — d’un point de vue historique — une phase clé de l’évolution de la notion de conversion dans l’histoire du christianisme ancien. Il s’agit ici de remonter aux éléments premiers qui ont forgé le sens du mot tel que nous l’utilisons aujourd’hui en Occident. On ne se propose pas de forger la définition ultime, correspondante à la chose même à sa naissance, mais plutôt de saisir la dimension évolutive — donc dynamique — de la conversion, à travers l’étude d’une période charnière de son développement : c’est ce que l’on nomme ici le tournant monastique (iv-ve siècles). Nous voulons montrer comment le phénomène de la conversion s’est transformé de façon significative à partir du ive siècle de notre ère.
« Faire communauté ». Comment les Églises fabriquent leurs convertis ?
Authors: Le Pape Loïc
Published: February 2015

Cet article vise à explorer et à questionner le fonctionnent d’une institution religieuse dans sa capacité à faire communauté, c’est-à-dire à former et à façonner des croyants. Ce travail s’appuie sur des recherches menées lors de mon doctorat, qui présentait une analyse comparative des modalités de la conversion dans les trois religions monothéistes dans la France contemporaine : judaïsme, catholicisme et islam. L’intérêt d’une telle comparaison permet de qualifier le travail des « institutions religieuses » (au sens large) face aux « nouveaux convertis ». En référence aux travaux de J. Lagroye, nous verrons quelle est la réalité de ce travail, en supposant qu’une institution doit « faire communauté ». Pour cela, elle doit imposer une vision générale de l’adhésion et de l’appartenance, en mettant à distance les émotions des convertis et en imposant du banal. Nous pourrons alors conclure sur la tension intrinsèque des institutions religieuses, face à la question de la conversion et l’impératif de « faire communauté » : utiliser les émotions pour mieux les faire oublier.
Prêcheurs(ses) musulman(e)s et stratégies de communication au Burkina Faso depuis 1990
Authors: Gomez-Perez Muriel , Madore Frédérick
Published: February 2015

Depuis le tournant des années 1990, la visibilité accrue de l’islam dans l’espace public au Burkina Faso s’est manifestée entre autres par l’émergence de prêcheurs et prêcheuses de plus en plus médiatisés. La participation active tant des hommes que des femmes invite l’ensemble des membres de la communauté musulmane du pays à faire évoluer les discours religieux pour atteindre des fidèles aux profils diversifiés et tenter de répondre à la concurrence des chrétiens. Il s’agira ici de proposer un regard croisé entre prêcheurs et prêcheuses du Burkina Faso afin de relever les permanences et les ruptures dans leurs stratégies de conversion — à savoir le raffermissement de la foi des croyants et les tentatives de rejoindre de nouveaux profils de fidèles — et leur utilisation des médias. La médiatisation croissante de l’islam a favorisé l’émergence de trois figures de converti à travers lesquelles l’expérience religieuse oscille entre individualisation et individuation. Selon qu’il s’agisse d’un homme ou d’une femme, d’un arabisant ou d’un francisant, d’un jeune ou d’un aîné, différentes logiques se dégagent que ce soit la recherche d’une plus grande légitimité, visibilité ou autonomie dans une perspective individuelle et communautaire.
Ce que devenir juif veut dire
Authors: Tank-Storper Sébastien
Published: February 2015

En affirmant que devenir juif, c’est devenir un juif pratiquant et non un juif « ethnique » ou « national », et en tentant de s’arroger le monopole sur les conversions au judaïsme, notamment en Israël, les institutions religieuses de sensibilité orthodoxe défendent l’idée qu’elles se font de ce qu’être juif veut dire : un collectif soumis à la loi. Elles entendent ainsi lutter contre ce qu’elles considèrent être une réification de l’identité juive dans une entité nationale israélienne ou contre sa réduction à un groupe ethnique ou à une identité dont l’héritage ne constituerait plus un principe structurant mais se réduirait à quelques traits discriminants.
Utility of Diagnostic Blood Tests in Clinical Podiatric Medicine
Authors: Zier Bennett G.
Published: February 2015

Clinical podiatric medical practice encompasses a wide spectrum of podiatric medical and surgical problems. Technological advances such as imaging have greatly improved diagnostic acumen; however, physical diagnosis and blood testing remain extremely important factors in reinforcing diagnostic hypotheses as a part of differential diagnosis. There are certain blood tests of importance that the podiatric medical practitioner should be familiar with in everyday medical and surgical practice. The purpose of this article is to identify and highlight which blood tests are truly essential and practical in terms of diagnosis. This article encompasses blood tests pertinent to the clinical areas of hematology, hemostasis, electrolytes, endocrine, cardiac, rheumatology, nephrology, and gastroenterology. Careful selection of these tests and proper interpretation of their results will help reinforce diagnostic hypotheses.
Correction of Severely Deformed Hammertoe Attributable to Silastic Implant Failure with Use of Calcaneal Autograft
Authors: Arrington William , Britt Matthew
Published: February 2015

Few studies exist investigating surgical hammertoe correction salvage procedures regarding poor outcomes secondary to silastic implant failure. We present a case of a patient who presented to our clinic with a grossly deformed digit after undergoing several silastic implant procedures. The patient wanted to salvage the toe and elected for surgical intervention. Surgical planning consisted of a V-Y skin plasty with interposition of calcaneal autograft. This allowed restoration of anatomic dimensions and function of the patient's digit. We present this operative technique as a viable method of salvaging failed hammertoe correction procedures.
Digging for biosynthetic dark matter
Authors: Zhang Jia Jia , Moore Bradley S
Published: February 2015

An analysis of bacterial communities in soil samples from around the world reveals unexplored diversity in biosynthetic enzymes.
Ice motion of the Patagonian Icefields of South America: 1984–2014
Authors: Mouginot J. , Rignot E.
Published: February 2015

We present the first comprehensive high‐resolution mosaic of ice velocity of the Northern (NPI) and Southern Patagonian Icefields (SPI), from multiple synthetic aperture radar and optical data collected between 1984 and 2014. The results reveal that many of the outlet glaciers extend far into the central ice plateaus, which implies that changes in ice dynamics propagate far inside the accumulation area. We report pronounced seasonal to interannual variability of ice motion on Pío XI and Jorge Montt, a doubling in speed of Jorge Montt, a major slow down of O'Higgins, significant fluctuations of Upsala and a deceleration of San Rafael, which illustrate the need for sustained, continuous time series of ice motion to understand the long‐term evolution of the rapidly thinning icefields. The velocity product also resolves major ambiguities in glacier drainage in areas of relatively flat topography illustrating the need to combine topography and flow direction to map drainage basins.
Landslide subsurface slip geometry inferred from 3‐D surface displacement fields
Authors: Aryal Arjun , Brooks Benjamin A. , Reid Mark E.
Published: February 2015

The stability of many large landslides is determined in part by deformation along buried, often inaccessible, slip surfaces. Factors such as infiltrating rainfall on the slip surface lead to stability changes. Yet characterizing the depth and shape of this slip surface is challenging. Here we examine the hypothesis that the subsurface slip geometry can be constrained by ground surface displacements in concert with two, mechanically distinct, forward models. We estimate a 3‐D ground displacement field for the slow‐moving Cleveland Corral landslide in California using repeat terrestrial laser scanner data. We test the efficacy of two models to estimate slip depth and slip magnitude of the slide—a 2‐D balanced cross‐section method and an elastic dislocation model. The estimated slip surface depth using both methods matches in situ observations from shear rods installed in the slide within the ±0.45 m misfit indicating that these are valuable approaches for investigating landslide geometry and slip behavior.
EMIC waves and plasmaspheric and plume density: CRRES results
Authors: Halford A. J. , Fraser B. J. , Morley S. K.
Published: February 2015

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves frequently occur during geomagnetic storms, specifically during the main phase and 3–6 days following the minimum Sym − H value. EMIC waves contribute to the loss of ring current ions and radiation belt MeV electrons. Recent studies have suggested that cold plasma density structures found inside the plasmasphere and plasmaspheric plumes are important for the generation and propagation of EMIC waves. During the CRRES mission, 913 EMIC wave events and 124 geomagnetic storms were identified. In this study we compare the quiet time cold plasma density to the cold plasma density measured during EMIC wave events across different geomagnetic conditions. We found statistically that EMIC waves occurred in regions of enhanced densities. EMIC waves were, on average, not associated with large local negative density gradients.
New technique to calculate electron Alfvén layer and its application in interpreting geosynchronous access of PS energetic electrons
Authors: Zhang D. , Cao J. B. , Wei X. H. , Li L. Y.
Published: February 2015

The magnetospheric particle drift theory in (U, B) coordinates provides a convenient tool for analyzing particle drift trajectories from plasma sheet to the inner magnetosphere. However, in this drift theory, the Alfvén layer for a realistic asymmetric magnetic field model cannot be obtained due to numerical difficulty. In this paper, we developed a new technique to calculate electron Alfvén layer for Volland‐Stern electrical potential model and dipole + T89 geomagnetic field model. The results show that for realistic asymmetric field models, the dawn and dusk separators are not in the dawn‐dusk meridian but asymmetric and tilt toward the dayside. The stagnant point of the electron Alfvén layer is always located in the duskside separator. Compared with the electron Alfvén layers calculated from Volland‐Stern electric field model and dipole magnetic field model, the new electron Alfvén layer becomes closer to the Earth and meanwhile rotates clockwise. This rotation makes the point closest to the Earth in the Alfvén layer shift from dawnside to nightside. The newly calculated geosynchronous Alfvén layer crossings cannot only explain the observed geosynchronous access of plasma sheet thermal (0.913 and 2.783 keV) electrons as previous studies did but also the geosynchronous access of plasma sheet energetic (10.472 and 31.039 keV) electrons. This new technique can be used to calculate Alfvén layer for any asymmetric field models and may become an important compliment to the classical magnetospheric particle drift theory in the (U, B) coordinates.
Changes in lake area in response to thermokarst processes and climate in Old Crow Flats, Yukon
Authors: Lantz T. C. , Turner K. W.
Published: February 2015

Growing evidence indicates that lake‐dominated ecosystems at high latitudes are undergoing significant hydrological changes. Research examining these changes is complicated because both thermokarst and climatic processes likely influence lake dynamics. To examine the relative impacts of these processes in permafrost landscapes, we investigated the dynamics of lake area and number in Old Crow Flats (OCF), Yukon using historical air photos and satellite imagery. Between 1951 and 2007, OCF experienced a decline of ~6000 ha in total lake area but gained 232 lakes. Close to half (49%) of the difference in lake area was driven by the rapid and persistent drainage of 38 large lakes. These catastrophic drainages were associated with new or enlarged outlet channels, resulted in the formation of numerous residual ponds, and were likely driven by thermokarst processes. Our analysis shows that catastrophic lake drainages have become more than 5 times more frequent in recent decades. These changes are likely related to the impacts of increased temperature and precipitation on thermokarst processes. Fifty‐nine of the 170 intensively studied lakes showed either large bidirectional fluctuations or gradual cumulative declines. These changes affected a much smaller portion of OCF and were likely driven by interactions between increased precipitation and temperature and individual catchment characteristics. To anticipate landscape‐scale changes in these systems, and assess their impact on hydrology, wildlife habitat, and carbon storage, field research is required to better characterize the mechanisms responsible for changes.
Switched‐beam array of dielectric rod antenna with RF‐MEMS switch for millimeter‐wave applications
Authors: Rousstia M. W. , Reniers A. C. F. , Herben M. H. A. J.
Published: February 2015

A conformal dielectric rod antenna array with operating frequency of 11.2 GHz is investigated, designed, and measured. This antenna array is combined with a single pole double throw radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF‐MEMS) switch to realize switched‐beam performance. Moreover, this antenna array exhibits uniform radiation performance for different scan angles with no grating lobes. The characterization and measurement of the antenna system have been performed. The measured radiation pattern of the antenna in the anechoic chamber is in good agreement with the simulated antenna pattern. The measured antenna with the RF‐MEMS switch has 13.5 dBi realized gain, −15 dB sidelobe level, 22° half‐power beamwidth, and 7.3% (fractional) bandwidth (or 800 MHz) at 11.2 GHz.
VLF waves at satellite altitude to investigate Earth electrical conductivity
Authors: Leye P. O. , Tarits P.
Published: February 2015

At and near the Earth surface, electromagnetic (EM) fields radiated from VLF transmitters are commonly used in geological exploration to determine the shallow Earth conductivity structure. Onboard satellites such as DEMETER, the electric and magnetic sensors detect the VLF signal in altitude. While we know for surface measurement that the VLF EM field recorded at some distance from the transmitter is a function of the ground conductivity, we do not know how this relationship changes when the field is measured at satellite altitude. Here we study the electromagnetic field radiated by a vertical electric dipole located on the Earth surface in the VLF range and measured at satellite altitude in a free space. We investigate the EM field as function of distance from the source, the height above the Earth surface, and the electrical conductivity of the Earth. The mathematical solution in altitude has more severe numerical complications than the well‐known solutions at or near the Earth surface. We test most of the solutions developed for the latter case and found that direct summation was best at several hundred kilometers above the Earth. The numerical modeling of the EM field in altitude shows that the field remains a function of Earth conductivity. The dependence weakens with altitude and distance from the transmitter. It remains more important for the electric radial component.
Canopy edge flow: A momentum balance analysis
Authors: Moltchanov Sharon , Bohbot‐Raviv Yardena , Duman Tomer , Shavit Uri
Published: February 2015

Canopy flow models are often dedicated to ideal, infinite, homogenous systems. However, real canopy systems have physical boundaries, where the flow enters and leaves patches of vegetation, generating a complex pressure field and velocity variations. Here we focus our study on the canopy entry region by examining the terms involved in the double (space and time) averaged momentum equations and their relative contribution to the total momentum balance. The estimation of each term is made possible by particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements in a model canopy constructed of randomly distributed thin glass plates. The instantaneous velocity fields were used to calculate the mean velocities, pressure, drag, Reynolds stresses, and dispersive stresses. It was found that within the entry region, the pressure gradient, the drag forces, and dispersive stresses are the three most significant terms that affect the balance in the streamwise momentum equation. In the vertical direction, the dispersive stresses are also significant and their contribution to the total momentum cannot be ignored. The study shows that dispersive stresses are initially formed around canopy edges; at both the entry region and the canopy top boundary. They start as a sink term, extracting momentum from the flow, and then become a source term that contributes momentum to the flow until they eventually decay at some short penetration distance into the canopy. These results reveal a new understanding on the evolution of momentum within the entry region, necessary in any closure modeling of flow in real canopies.