bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cranial Morphology and Taxonomic Distinctions Among South Asian Treeshrews: Who is the larger treeshrew?
Authors: Kamalakannan Manokaran , Thakur Mukesh , Marimuthu Nithyanandam , Pramanik Subhojit , Banerjee Dhriti
Published: December 2024

South Asian treeshrews include the Madras Treeshrew, Anathana ellioti (Waterhouse, 1850), the Northern Treeshrew Tupaia belangeri (Wagner, 1841), and the Nicobar Treeshrew Tupaia nicobarica (Zelebor, 1869), each occupying distinct and non-overlapping geographical areas in South Asia. In this study, we investigated the morphological relationships among these species using museum specimens collected over a wide spatial and temporal range of India and Myanmar. We analysed 20 cranial measurements and four external traits to evaluate inter- and intraspecific morphological differentiation, employing distance-based morphometric approaches validated by multivariate analyses. Our findings revealed considerable heterogeneity in cranial morphology with three species exhibiting clear differentiation, despite slight overlaps in morphometric space. Additionally, our research established that T. nicobarica is the largest of the three South Asian treeshrews and ranks as the second largest treeshrew globally following T. tana- a previously unrecognized distinction. Furthermore, our results support the non-recognition of the five traditionally allopatric subspecies of T. belangeri and the two subspecies of A. ellioti. The additional diagnostic characteristics identified in this study enhance the understanding of morphological distinctions among the South Asian treeshrews and contribute to broader taxonomic knowledge of treeshrew diversity.
Identifying Critical Period of Type 2 Diabetes with Leading Molecules Based on Dynamic Network Biomarkers
Authors: Hao Rui , Jin Qiqi , Zhao Jingyi , Zhou Lijuan , Ma Kaile , Chen Luonan , Li Min
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aims to utilize the Dynamic Network Biomarkers (DNB) approach to identify the tipping point or critical period as well as the leading biomarkers before the transition process from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Research design and methods: A dynamic timeline of T2D progression was constructed, ranging from the normal state (A) through prediabetes (B-E) to T2D (F). The DNB method was employed to identify the criticalstate/period and its associated biomarkers using proteomics data. A one-year follow-up was conducted to validate such a critical period and the most effective warning biomarkers.
Results: Stage D (HbA1c [6.0%, 6.2%]) was identified as a tipping point in prediabetes, with complement activation emerging as the major enriched pathological process at this stage. A total of 44 DNB biomarkers were identified, among which GNB1 demonstrated predictive value for the transition from prediabetes to T2D in patients. GNB1 expression was significantly reduced in patients who reverted to normal glycemic levels (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: This study identifies Stage D (HbA1c [6.0%, 6.2%]) as a critical period or tipping point preceding the transition to T2D. It further highlights the leading DNB molecules, including the GNB1, which serves as a predictive biomarker for the transition from prediabetes to T2D and may also be considered a potential therapeutic target. These findings provide a foundation for early intervention strategies in diabetes prevention.
A Rare Cause of Life-threatening Hematuria: Uretero-arterial Fistula; Hard to Identify, Fatal to Miss
Authors: Sarıkaya Ege Alper , Şen Volkan , Gülcü Aytaç , Bozkurt Ozan , Demir Ömer , Esen Ahmet Adil
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Uretero-arterial fistula is a disease that is considered very rare but can cause life-threatening hematuria. However, with the increase in clinical recognition, the increase in the number of cases in recent years is remarkable.
Case Presentation:
We present the case and management of life-threatening hematuria due to uretero-arterial fistula in a patient with the classic triad as well as recent literature regarding uretero-arterial fistula.
Conclusion
Uretero-arterial fistula is a rare and mortal disease in which diagnosis can be easily missed as the tests routinely used in the differential diagnosis of hematuria are not diagnostic for uretero-arterial fistula. History of pelvic malignancy, radiotherapy and ureteral stent in a patient with unexplained hematuria along with bright-red coloured ureteral bleeding should guide clinicians to search for uretero-arterial fistula.
APBench: Benchmarking Large Language Model Performance in Fundamental Astrodynamics Problems for Space Engineering
Authors: Wu Di , Zhang Raymond , Zucchelli Enrico M. , Chen Yongchao , Linares Richard
Published: December 2024

Large language models (LLMs) have had a remarkable influence on our understanding of natural language abilities and are extended to serve as foundational models for the world. The problem-solving abilities of those foundational models have been a direction of improvement for many different STEM fields, including mathematics and physics, and has been witnessing significant breakthroughs. We have been working on a multitude of ways to advance space engineering, and one promising direction is the application of LLMs and foundational models. To understand the full potential of LLMs in astrodynamics, we have developed the first Astrodynamics Problems Benchmark (APBench) to evaluate the capabilities of LLMs in this field. We crafted for the first time a collection of questions and answers that range a wide variety of subfields in astrodynamics, astronautics, and space engineering. On top of this first dataset built for space engineering, we evaluate the performance of foundational models, both open source models and closed ones, to validate their current capabilities in space engineering, and paving the road for further advancements towards a definition of intelligence for space.
A rare case of Primary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Pan WeiZhou , Hu PengNan , Mi Hua
Published: December 2024

Background Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) constitute a rare and highly aggressive category of malignant tumors that arise from cells within human tissues and exhibit diverse neural and endocrine functionalities. These tumors predominantly occur in the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, lungs, and various other organs. However, primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) of the urinary tract is relatively uncommon in clinical settings.Case Presentation: We present a case of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) of the ureter. The patient was admitted for the management of hematuria and abdominal pain, with a significant past medical history of multiple kidney stone surgeries. Following a comprehensive medical evaluation and a diagnostic ureteral biopsy, the patient was definitively diagnosed with SCNEC. The patient subsequently underwent surgical intervention and was administered a comprehensive treatment regimen consisting of chemotherapy augmented with tislelizumab. Regrettably, the patient died from disease progression one month postfollow-up.Conclusions Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) of the urinary system represents an exceptionally rare and aggressive malignant tumor, but its precise etiology and pathogenesis remain elusive. On the basis of the current body of research, we hypothesize that the emergence of these tumors may be linked to repeated cellular injury and regenerative processes. Through meticulous analysis of the presented case, we emphasis that, in clinical practice, suspected SCNEC patients should promptly undergo pathological biopsy to confirm the diagnosis, thereby ensuring timely and accurate patient management. For patients with sufficient physiological reserve to undergo surgery, we advocate for an aggressive surgical approach aimed at curative resection or debulking, in conjunction with a multidisciplinary treatment regimen encompassing chemotherapy and immunotherapy, with the aim of prolonging patient survival.
Serum desmosine levels are associated with the size of ruptured cerebral aneurysms in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Csecsei Peter , Bogdan Agnes , Molnar Tihamer , Zavori Laszlo , Schwarcz Attila , Lenzser Gabor
Published: December 2024

Introduction Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a disease associated with high mortality, caused by the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. Decision-support scoring systems used for managing unruptured aneurysms (UIAs) include only radiological parameters related to the size and configuration of the aneurysm, without incorporating blood-based markers. Our aim is to identify a serum marker that shows a correlation with aneurysm size in patients with ruptured aneurysms. Methods Arterial blood samples were collected from patients who experienced aSAH within 24 hours of the ictus, and serum desmosine levels were determined using ELISA. The morphological parameters of the aneurysms were assessed during 3D DSA. A favorable outcome was defined as a 3-month mRS score of 0–3. Results The study included 135 aSAH patients and 25 controls. (i) The desmosine level in serum collected within 24 hours after aneurysm rupture in patients with aSAH was significantly higher compared to the serum level in the control group (aSAH: 0.737 ng/mL [IQR: 0.401–1.214], vs. control: 0.365 ng/mL [IQR: 0.251–0.531], p < 0.001), (ii) examining the size of ruptured aneurysms, patients with aneurysms larger than 7 mm had significantly higher serum desmosine levels than those with aneurysms smaller than 7 mm, (iii) in the group with aneurysms smaller than 7 mm, serum desmosine levels correlated with the aneurysm neck width and the size ratio. Conclusion Serum desmosine shows a strong correlation with the size of ruptured aneurysms in aSAH patients.
Labor in the Age of Automation: Revisiting the 30-Year Debate on the 'End of Work' Prophecy.
Authors: Aliende Iñaki , Franco Luis
Published: December 2024

This systematic review revisits the 30-year debate on Jeremy Rifkin's 'end of work' prophecy, which predicted that technological progress would reduce human labor demand, causing unemployment and social crises. We examine key contributions in the economic literature since 1995, focusing on arguments and evidence for and against Rifkin's thesis as well as proposed policies and indicators for monitoring economic transitions. The review reveals nuanced views on the response to technological level and automation on employment demand, with some studies suggesting that new tasks can foster employment levels, whereas others emphasise the need for public policies to balance the job landscape. Education and reskilling policies are the most recurrent proposals to support workers in adapting to evolving labor market supply. The study proposes a group of indicators for monitoring economic transformations driven by technological advancements, including employment trends by sector, wage growth, job quality, income distribution, and pace of technology adoption. In addition, this study advocates broader national and regional analyses and updates to theoretical frameworks explaining labor market dynamics. Future research should expand the scope of the analysis and develop robust monitoring systems to assess the multifaceted effects of automation on the economy and society.
Comparison of different machine learning methods for predicting heart disease
Authors: Temirbayeva Aiym
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The study aims to accurately predict the presence of heart disease using machine learning models. The research evaluates and compares the performance of five algorithms—Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting—on a dataset containing clinical features of patients. The primary research question is to identify which algorithm demonstrates the best predictive performance for heart disease diagnosis.
Methods: The study used a dataset of 270 patients with 13 clinical features. The data was preprocessed, and target variables were converted into binary values for classification. The dataset was split into training and test sets in a 70-30 ratio. Five machine learning models were trained and evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC. Confusion matrices were analyzed to gain additional insights into model performance.
Results: Logistic Regression and Random Forest achieved the best performance among the models, with accuracies of 86.4% and 80.2%, respectively. Logistic Regression demonstrated an ROC-AUC score of 0.844, while Random Forest scored 0.88. The confusion matrices highlighted the predictive strengths and limitations of each model.
Conclusion: Logistic Regression and Random Forest were identified as the most reliable models for predicting heart disease in this dataset. Future work will explore hyperparameter tuning and ensemble methods to further enhance model performance, providing valuable insights for early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Making Meaning of Domestic Violence Through the Lens of Women Survivors in Kano State, Nigeria.
Authors: Tijjani Tashi Fa'iza , Ladan Muhammad Awwal , Abubakar Ahmad Rufa'i
Published: December 2024

Background
Globally, one in three women and girls have experienced violence against them, which is a fundamental violation of their human rights. The occurrence of domestic violence is prevalent in Nigerian setting, with northern Nigeria negatively contributing to the high numbers. This study explored the factors that contribute to the experience of domestic violence among women victims in Kano State, Nigeria.
Methods
The study utilized a qualitative research design with phenomenological approach involving in-depth interviews with eight (8) participants.
Results
The findings highlighted three themes emerging; financial independence and stability, navigating complex social structures and expectations in relationship, challenging stereotypes about education and violence. The study’s participants acknowledged the role of power dynamic in marital violence, despite reporting financial independence. All themes suggest strong link to cultural normalization. When men’s responsibilities as providers and women’s duties as homemakers are questioned, traditional gender roles often escalate into violence. The majority of participants believed that their partner’s educational attainment had no influence on aggressive conduct.
Conclusion
The study finds that domestic violence against women in Kano State, Nigeria, is linked to cultural norms supporting traditional gender roles. Effective solutions require culturally tailored interventions for survivors.
EVALUATION OF GERIATRIC PRACTICES: SURVEY OF 213 PATIENTS
Authors:   Pharmacy Unit, Mohammed V Military Training Hospital., Zhim I. , Belhouari M. ,   Pharmacy Unit, Mohammed V Military Training Hospital., Rhazzar S. ,   Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat., Bousliman Y. ,   Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Ageing makes the elderly prone to illness and pathology. Polymedication and psychosomatic vulnerability are factors to be taken into account in geriatric assessment.

Materials and methods: Our study is epidemiological, descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional, aiming at a global geriatric assessment at the pharmacy counter.

Results: Our 213 patients, aged between 50 and 93, were predominantly female, with a median age of 66. Arterial hypertension, metabolic diseases and mental activity disorders were common pathologies in our population. 84% of our patients were polypathological and 27% were polymedicated with 3 to 14 medications taken daily. 61% of our elderly subjects had medical coverage. 88% of patients were loyal to their treating physicians. Non-adherence, inappropriate prescriptions and self-medication were the most common medication problems in our study.

Conclusion: Our work highlights the complexity of the elderly person, which makes medical assessment in geriatrics a delicate and complex process compared with conventional medical assessment.
A JUVENILE OSSIFYING FIBROMA IN AN 8-YEAR-OLD BOY: COMPREHENSIVE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT, RECONSTRUCTION, AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   Unit of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Necker Children Hospital Paris, France., Modibo Coulibaly , Philipe Drabent ,   Department of Anatomical Pathology at HÃ´pital Necker Enfants Maladies Paris France., Natacha Kadlub ,   Unit of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Necker Children Hospital Paris, France., Vincent Sounthakith ,   Unit of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Necker Children Hospital Paris, France.
Published: December 2024

Juvenile Osseous Fibroma (JOF) is a rare, benign, yet locally aggressive fibro-osseous lesionprimarily affecting craniofacial bones in children and young adults, with a high recurrencerisk. This report describes an 8-year-old boy with a progressively enlarging, painless facialswelling. Radiological and histopathological examinations identified a trabecular JOF in theleft mandibular ramus, extending to the mandibular angle. Surgical intervention included tumor excision via a combined facial and oral approach,followed by reconstruction using a custom-made patient-specific plate to restore facialsymmetry, support feeding, and accommodate growth.MRI and CT scans are crucial for characterizing jaw tumors before biopsy, aiding in surgicalplanning. Histopathological analysis confirmed the trabecular variant of JOF. This casehighlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of JOF, underscoring the need for amultidisciplinary approach. Although aggressive surgical management, such asmandibulectomy and reconstruction, is unusual for benign tumors, it is essential fortrabecular JOF to prevent recurrence.
CONJUNCTIVAL CYST (CASE REPORT)
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Kumar Singh Amit , Rana Arzoo
Published: December 2024

Conjunctival cysts, benign fluid-filled sacs on the eyes conjunctiva, often pose cosmetic concerns and cause discomfort, prompting surgical evaluation. This case report discusses a 30-year-old female who presented to the Ophthalmology Outpatient Department at Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, with a gradually enlarging conjunctival cyst in the right eye, leading to irritation and discomfort. The patient underwent a detailed clinical examination, confirming a benign-appearing cyst. Given its size and symptomatic nature, surgical excision was chosen as the definitive treatment. The surgical intervention involved precise dissection and removal of the cyst, preserving adjacent tissues and minimizing risks. The procedure was successful, with no postoperative complications, and the patient experienced complete symptom resolution. Follow-up assessments demonstrated no recurrence, underscoring the efficacy of meticulous surgical management. This case adds to existing evidence that supports surgical excision as the gold standard for managing symptomatic conjunctival cysts, particularly those with a history of recurrence. Conservative treatments, such as needle aspiration or cauterization, often result in incomplete resolution and higher recurrence rates. The report emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment, considering cyst characteristics and patient symptoms, to ensure optimal outcomes. It also highlights the role of thorough preoperative assessment using slit-lamp examination and other diagnostic tools to differentiate conjunctival cysts from similar ocular lesions. The findings contribute to the literature by reinforcing surgical excision as a safe, effective, and reliable treatment for conjunctival cysts. Future research should focus on comparing surgical and non-surgical modalities to establish clear guidelines, aiming to optimize patient-specific care.
INTRA-ARTERIAL MIGRATION OF A BLUNT GUIDEWIRE DURING FEMORAL VENOUS CATHETERIZATION: A CLINICAL CASE REPORT
Authors:   High Care Burn Unit, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco., Amine El Alaoui Hafid , Walid Atmani ,   Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco., El Bouti Anas ,   Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco., Bensghir Mustapha ,   Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco., Hicham Balkhi ,   Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
Published: December 2024

The use of a central venous catheter in an intensive care unit is a common practice. The femoral line is the emergency venous access of choice because it is quickly accessible and easily identifiable by the operator. However, the complications associated with this procedure remain quite considerable. The accidental migration of the guidewire during the Seldinger technique is exceptional but potentially dangerous complications given the risk of vascular and cardiac perforation. We report a rare case of an accidental intra-arterial femoral migration of a blunt guidewire when the venous central line passed mistakenly over the guidewire in the femoral artery. The removal of the guidewire by interventional radiology remains the solution of choice in such a situation, which could not be achieve due to the impossibility of moving the patient to radiology service because of her unstable hemodynamic conditions.
Regional income inequality in Ukraine: The impact of Internet and mobile access on disposable income
Authors: Shpanel-Yukhta Oleksii , Kurbet Oleksandra
Published: December 2024

The effect of digitalization on inequality continues to spark discussions, with opinions divided on whether it alleviates or exacerbates the issue. This paper explores how digitalization has affected income inequality in Ukraine from 2017 to 2021. A pooled OLS model is used to investigate the relationship between mobile communication access and fixed Internet access and usage and their influence on disposable income levels. The findings reveal that mobile and Internet access significantly impact income distribution, with a notable disparity between high- and low-income regions. Specifically, wealthier regions benefit more from mobile access, while low-income regions lag due to insufficient broadband infrastructure. These results underscore the need for targeted management strategies to reduce regional income inequality via digitalization in Ukraine. The transition from desktop internet to mobile connectivity is clear, as 4G and 4G+ networks have enough speed to substitute fixed Internet and have become the primary means of internet access in Ukraine, reflecting a global trend. This highlights the increasing significance of mobile Internet, especially in lower-income regions, as a practical alternative to fixed broadband. Hence, mobile networks can boost economic participation and reduce regional disposable income inequality. The study suggests that targeted investments in digital infrastructure can significantly contribute to regional economic development.
AcknowledgmentThis paper is funded as part of the project “Financial tools for reducing economic inequality in Ukraine” research project (No. 0124U002254), conducted at the State Organization “Institute for Economics and Forecasting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.”
Evaluating Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity of in vitro Callus and Micro-Plant Extracts of Hyssopus officinalis L.
Authors: Popova Elena , Pungin Artem , Pantyukhina Anastasia , Krol Olesya
Published: December 2024

Hyssopus officinalis L. is a valuable medicinal plant. Its extracts have good commercial prospects as biologically active substances. Biotechnological production methods that yield valuable secondary metabolites often involve callus cultures, which differ in qualitative and quantitative content of target substances. This research compared phenolic secondary metabolites, antioxidants, and antimicrobial activities in extracts of three callus cultures in vitro, native plants, micro-plants and a commercial preparation of H. officinalis.
The extracts were obtained using 70% ethanol. The content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and tannins was determined by standard methods. The method of high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the content of individual phenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity tests relied on DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS. The antimicrobial and fungicidal activity was assessed by the disc-diffusion method.
The Murashige-Skoog medium with 0.2 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine and 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid demonstrated a high growth index of callus crude biomass (11.6 ± 1.4). The same culture was rich in phenolic compounds (35.5 ± 1.2 mg-eq. gallic acid/g solids), hydroxycinnamic acids (82.5 ± 2.6 mg-eq. rosmarinic acid/g solids), tannins (49.6 ± 0.8 mg-eq. gallic acid/g solids), rosmarinic acid (20.25 ± 1.84 mg/g solids), and caffeic acid (1.48 ± 0.08 mg/g solids). Its extracts showed significant antioxidant activity according to DPPH (127.8 ± 5.6 mg-eq. ascorbic acid/g solids) and FRAP (15.9 ± 1.3 mg-eq. ascorbic acid/g solids). However, they had a rather weak antibacterial and fungicidal activity against Bacillus subtilis (7.2 ± 0.2 mm) and Candida albicans (7.0 ± 0.2 mm) at a concentration of 2 mg/disk. The antibacterial and fungicidal activity against Escherichia coli was equally weak at 1 mg/disk (7.0 ± 0.3 mm) and 2 mg/disk (7.3 ± 0.1 mm), respectively.
The extracts of H. officinalis callus cultures and micro-plants in vitro produced the best yield of secondary metabolites compared to the native plant extract. Biotechnological methods proved effective in obtaining valuable compounds from cell cultures.
Amino Acid Patterns that Determine Antihyperuricemic Activity of Peptides: Identification and Predictive Analysis
Authors: Smirnova Anastasia , Tikhonov Sergey
Published: December 2024

Peptides offer a promising analogue to synthetic drugs in treating hyperuricemia. This article introduces reliable amino acid patterns that cause the inhibitory xanthine oxidase (CSR) activity of peptides. The research objective was to propose new antihyperuricemic peptides and prove their effectiveness by predictive analytics in silico.
The study featured peptides with inhibitory xanthine oxidase activity. The authors developed a protocol for searching, identifying, and quantifying patterns of amino acid residues in target peptide sequences. The identified peptides were tested for physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic profile, inhibitory xanthine oxidase activity, general and target biological activity, and toxicity.
The research revealed amino acid patterns responsible for inhibiting the xanthine oxidase enzyme, as well as generated new peptide sequences. Forty-nine non-toxic peptides with different lengths of amino acid sequences demonstrated high antimicrobial and inhibitory potential against the targeted drugs used to treat hyperuricemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The peptides were low-molecular compounds of predominantly hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature, 4-7 amino acids long. They contained negatively charged amino acid residues of proline, tryptophan, and phenylalanine with an average molecular weight of 723 Da. The study offers an important insight into the molecular mechanisms of xanthine oxidase inhibition and opens up new prospects for developing novel antihyperuricemic peptide drugs.
Effects of Coconut Flour and Milk Powder Supplementation on the Physicochemical Properties of Peanut Butter
Authors: Khan Momin , Rana Suman , Jony Entaduzzaman , Arifin Shoaib , Jubayer Fahad , Alim Abdul
Published: December 2024

Peanut butter is a popular, versatile food spread globally known for its nutritional value and unique flavor. As consumer preferences evolve, there is an increasing demand for fortified products. Coconut flour and milk powder are potential fortification agents due to their nutritional benefits and compatibility with various food matrices.
We explored the effects of incorporating coconut flour and milk powder into peanut butter, analyzing its nutritional composition and sensory qualities. Various combinations (0, 5, 10, and 15% w/w) of coconut flour, milk powder, and their mixture were introduced into peanut butter followed by a thorough physicochemical and sensory analysis.
The results showed notable changes in both physical and chemical attributes. Coconut flour and its combination with milk powder increased the moisture content in peanut butter, while milk powder had the opposite effect. The protein content peaked in the peanut butter with 15% coconut flour, while the fat content diminished with higher concentrations of coconut flour and milk powder. Carbohydrate levels in the supplemented samples surpassed those of the control and commercial peanut butters. All the variants exhibited a pseudoplastic flow behavior, with coconut flour and milk powder concentrations affecting viscosity. The textural analysis revealed differences in oil separation, spreadability, and firmness, with 15% coconut flour yielding the highest firmness and oil separation. Noteworthy color changes were evident, particularly with the inclusion of 15% milk powder. Sensory assessments favored the peanut butter with a 15% blend of coconut flour and milk powder, while the color preference leaned towards the 15% milk powder variant. The consumers preferred the peanut butter fortified with a 15% blend of coconut flour and milk powder.
Our research can help food manufacturers create healthier, more appealing products that cater to evolving consumer preferences and dietary requirements.
The Influence of Dairy Components on the Rheological Properties of Wheat Dough and Assessment of its Suitability for 3D Printing
Authors: Martekha Alexander , Toroptsev Vasily , Kaverina Yuliya , Korotkiy Igor
Published: December 2024

Wheat dough is a popular binder in many food formulations. It is also the most promising material for 3D-printed innovative food products. The article describes the effect of dairy ingredients on the rheological profile of wheat dough and its prospects for extrusion 3D printing.
The test samples involved flour mixed with different amounts of water and various dairy components, e.g., milk powder, whey protein, and low-fat yogurt. The rheological properties were tested using the reverse extrusion method in a texture analyzer and a spindle viscometer.
The best wheat dough sample had 65% moisture content, 5% milk powder (by weight), and 0–2.5% whey protein isolate or 20% yogurt. The sample demonstrated the optimal rheological properties that were close to those of the control sample: 1900–2100 Pa•s complex viscosity, 0.14–0.16 mechanical loss tangent, and 20–23.5 N resistance.
The results can be used to develop innovative 3D-printed flour products. Further research will involve experiments in 3D printing of wheat dough with various dairy ingredients to determine the optimal kinematic and geometric parameters for extrusion 3D printing.
Mass Transfer Patterns during Low-Temperature Concentration of Skim Milk
Authors: Korotkaya Elena , Korotkiy Igor , Vasiliev Kirill , Efremov Denis
Published: December 2024

Low-temperature concentration of milk and dairy products is a prospective alternative to such traditional concentration methods as evaporation or membrane technologies. This energy-effective method preserves the native properties of dairy raw materials. In this research, the kinetics of moisture freezing made it possible to determine the effect of time, temperature, and composition on the amount of frozen ice on the cooled surface.
The study featured the main physical and chemical parameters of milk, i.e., water, fat, protein, and solids. Chromel-copel thermoelectric converters were used to identify the freezing temperature. Experimental laboratory equipment made it possible to describe the kinetics of low-temperature concentration.
The ice growth rate curves were similar and not linear at temperatures between –2 and –8°C. At all temperature conditions, the solids increased together with the freezing time as the coolant temperature went down. The experiment yielded a regression equation that revealed the mass fraction of solids in concentrated skim milk depending on the temperature and freezing time. The temperature and freezing time affected the transition rate of milk solids into ice.
The coolant temperature had the greatest effect on the cryoconcentration of skim milk. When the temperature of the coolant was reduced from –2 to –8℃, it increased the share of solids in the finished product and sped up its transition into ice. The optimal temperature for milk concentration in the experimental capacitive-type crystallizer proved to be –4°C.
Limnospira fusiformis from Lake Solenoe, Omsk: Rationalizing Marketing and Research
Authors: Moliboga Elena , Leushkina Viktoriya
Published: December 2024

A diverse food product range makes the consumer more demanding and pickier in terms of choice, safety, and price. As a result, food producers turn to alternative protein sources, such as microalgae. Microalgae are rich in protein (60%), unsaturated fatty acids, and other nutrients. The article describes the consumer preferences and patterns in the city of Omsk, Russia, regarding spirulina-containing products. The research objective was to determine the marketing and research prospects for Limnospira fusiformis phytomass.
The authors used both experimental and marketing methods to study the range of spirulina-containing products on the food market of Omsk and its surroundings. The marketing survey involved 1000 Omsk residents.
According to the survey, 19.2% bought spirulina-containing products regularly; 20.8% bought them at least once a week; 79.2% consumed spirulina as dietary supplements. The respondents explained their choice by the composition and certification data (58.4%), as well as by health care reasons (75.3%); 48.1% preferred online platforms; 42.9% studied the pricing policy before purchasing. The survey revealed two distinct profiles of an average spirulina consumer. The resulting roadmap for spirulina marketing in the Omsk Region included the following steps: promotion; scientific and technical documentation; technical and economic production indicators; pricing; technological optimization.
The marketing research revealed a number of socio-economic effects of introducing spirulina products to the local food market, which included economic, social, environmental, scientific, resource, and budgetary consequences. The two profiles of an average spirulina consumer from the Omsk Region made it possible to develop some recommendations for local spirulina producers and businesses.
Heavy Metals Accumulation in Plants During Coal Mine Reclamation
Authors: Osintseva Maria , Dyukova Evgenia , Ulyanova Ekaterina , Osintsev Alexey
Published: December 2024

Reclamation solves environmental problems caused by opencast coal mining. Soil contamination with heavy metals is a major problem in restoring the ecosystem of disturbed lands. Plants with good phytoremediation potential may be an optimal solution at the stage of biological reclamation. The research featured the heavy metals accumulation potential in legumes and cereals planted on coal mine dumps.
The research objects included soil and plant samples from a coal mine dump near the town of Prokopyevsk, Kemerovo Region. The testing ground (2023) consisted of sections with different options for root formation. The physicochemical properties of soil samples and plant materials were determined by standard methods in accredited laboratories.
The sections were planted with herbs, shrubs, and trees; the research reported in this article focused on legumes and cereals. The content of heavy metals in the plant samples stayed below the maximum permissible levels for animal feed. The lead content in plant mass solids fluctuated within 0.35–2.64 mg/kg for cereals and 1.54–5.25 mg/kg for legumes. The cadmium content was 0.13–0.25 mg/kg for cereals and 0.19–0.32 mg/kg for legumes. However, the content of iron in some samples was far above the permissible level and reached 400 mg/kg.
In this study, legumes and cereals were able to accumulate potentially hazardous substances, thus reducing their concentration in post-mining soil.
Afşin-Elbistan Termik Santrali (Kahramanmaraş) Çevresinin Yüzey Sularının Hidrojeokimyasal Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Keskin Veli , Türkmen Sedat , Özbek Ahmet
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma, Akdeniz bölgesinin kuzeydoğusunda yer alan Kahramanmaraş iline bağlı Afşin-Elbistan çevresindeki yüzey sularının kalitesi ve iz element kirlilik derecelerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bölgedeki yüzey suyu kalitesi, Temmuz 2022’de farklı noktalardan alınan 11 su örneği kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yerinde yapılan sıcaklık (T), pH, elektriksel iletkenlik (Eİ), toplam çözünmüş madde (TÇM) ölçümleri ile birlikte, kalsiyum (Ca+2), magnezyum (Mg+2), sodyum (Na+), potasyum (K+), bikarbonat (HCO3-), sülfat (SO4-2), klorür (Cl−) ve nitrat (NO3−), fosfat (PO4-3) ve kükürt (S) olmak üzere 14 fiziksel ve jeokimyasal parametre; spektrofotometre, iyon kromatografisi ve titrasyon yöntemleri kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. İz element derişimlerinin belirlenmesi kapsamında alüminyum (Al), baryum (Ba), demir (Fe), manganez (Mn), nikel (Ni), krom (Cr), civa (Hg) ve titanyum (Ti) gibi iz elementler, İndüktif Olarak Eşleşmiş Plazma Optik Emisyon Spektrometresi (ICP–OES) kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan su analizleri sonucunda saptanan Al, Fe, Cu, Ba, Mn, Cr, Hg ve Ti gibi elementlere ait yüksek değerlerin, çalışma alanının litolojik özellikleri, tarımsal faaliyetlerin etkisi, yerleşim yerlerinin yakınlığı ve Afşin-Elbistan termik santralinin etkisinden kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Dolayısıyla, çalışma alanındaki yüzey sularında Al, Fe, Cu, Ba, Zn, Mn, Cr, Hg ve Ti kirliliği mevcut olduğundan bu yüzey sularının içilmesinin bölge halkı için sağlık riskleri oluşturma olasılığı mevcuttur.
Elektrikli Araçlarda Kullanılan Batarya Şarj Uygulamaları için Genetik Algoritma ile Geliştirilmiş Bir Rezonans Dönüştürücü Tasarımı
Authors: Erdoğan Birand , Tan Adnan , Tümay Mehmet
Published: December 2024

Bu makale, genetik algoritma kullanarak LLC rezonans dönüştürücülerin optimizasyonu üzerine kapsamlı bir çalışmayı sunmaktadır. Lr, Lm ve Cr rezonans parametrelerinin hassas bir şekilde ayarlanması yüksek güç dönüşüm verimliliği elde etmek için hayati önem taşırken, LLC rezonans dönüştürücülerin etkinliği de büyük ölçüde bu sürece bağlıdır. Dönüştürücünün karmaşık ve doğrusal olmayan işleyişi nedeniyle, geleneksel tasarım teknikleri bu parametreleri optimize etmekte sıklıkla başarısız olur. Bu çalışmada bu zorluğun üstesinden gelmek için, dönüştürücünün etkinliğini en üst düzeye çıkaran ideal çözümlerin arayışında parametre uzayını akıllıca araştıran genetik algoritmalar temelli bir optimizasyon stratejisi uygulanmıştır. Süreç, optimizasyon sorununun formülasyonunu, genetik algoritmanın uygulanmasını ve benzetim sonuçlarının incelenmesini içermektedir. Benzetim sonuçları göstermiştir ki toplamda bu adımlar, optimize edilmiş tasarımların geleneksel seçeneklerden daha üstün olduğunu göstermektedir. Benzetim sonuçlarına göre, sistem verimliliği %96,8 olarak elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, genetik algoritmaların LLC rezonans dönüştürücü performansını büyük ölçüde iyileştirebileceğini ve güç elektroniği tasarımcıları için güçlü araçlar sağladığını göstermektedir. Bu araştırmanın, güvenilir ve etkili güç dönüşümü gerektiren çeşitli endüstri uygulamalarında kullanım bulabilecek daha dayanıklı ve verimli güç sistemlerinin oluşturulması için etkileri vardır.
Krank Milinde Kullanılan Ana Yatağın Nümerik Hasar Analizi
Authors: Gültekin Mehmet Şah , Bayraklılar Mehmet Said , Adin Hamit
Published: December 2024

Krank milinde kullanılan ana yatak, motorun krank milini desteklemek ve dönmesini sağlamak için kullanılan bir parçadır. Genellikle motor bloğunda bulunur ve krank milinin yataklanması için uygun yüzeyleri sağlar. Bu yataklar genellikle yüksek dayanıklılık ve sürtünme direnci sağlayacak şekilde tasarlanmış metal alaşımlarından imal edilir. Krank milinin doğru hizalanmasını, motorun uzun ömürlü ve verimli bir şekilde çalışmasını sağlar. Ana yatak sistemlerinde yatak ile mil yüzeyleri arasında oluşan sürtünme direncinin minimum düzeyde olması istenir. Bunu sağlamak için, yüzeyler arasında sürtünme kuvveti oluşturan yuvarlanma elemanları ya da bir yağlayıcı madde kullanılır. Günümüzde, Krank milinde kullanılan ana yatakların tribolojik performanslarını arttırmaya yönelik çalışmalar halen devam etmektedir. Bu amaçla, çalışmada motor bloğunda bulunan krank mili ile sürekli sürtünme halinde olan ana yatak parçasının motor çalışırken maruz kaldığı yüklerin nümerik hasar analizi yapılmıştır. Parçanın yatak yüzeyine etki eden noktalarda yatağın belirli bölgelerine kuvvetler uygulanarak statik analiz, Von Mises gerilmeleri, şekil değiştirme, gerilme ve deformasyon analizleri detaylı bir şekilde yapılarak, malzemesi alaşımlı çelik olan ana yatağın nümerik hasar analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler çalışmanın sonuç kısmında yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarında, motorun verimli ve uzun ömürlü çalışabilmesi için ana yatak tasarımında dikkat edilmesi gereken faktörler ve materyal seçiminin etkileri detaylı bir şekilde tartışılmıştır. Bu analiz, motor tasarımcılarına, ana yatakların performansını iyileştirmeye yönelik önerilerde bulunulmasına olanak sağlamaktadır.
Decentralisation and Empowerment
Authors: Vathanan G. Mathi , Dasgupta Shubhagato
Published: December 2024

Decentralisation and Empowerment: The Odisha Model for Urban Development discusses the key approaches and factors that underlie the highly successful urban development initiatives implemented in Odisha, India for close to a decade. The application of the governance principles of decentralisation and empowerment across sub-sectors, including drinking water supply, environmental sanitation, municipal waste management, slum land rights, and upgrading infrastructure, has led to the development of the Odisha Model. This book details the conceptualisation, design, learning and implementation processes behind the rapid and significant achievement of various urban initiatives rolled out in the State, many of which have been awarded multiple national and global accolades.

The book explains the reasoning behind the various innovative approaches designed and adopted while planning, implementing and monitoring these initiatives. It provides an insider's perspective on the thought processes that informed the development of these public programmes which focus on the wellbeing of citizens. The academic and research community, including students, will benefit greatly from the insights provided in the book, which will be a source of inspiration and valuable guide for governments, city administrations, and urban practitioners.

“Odisha's development journey holds remarkable learnings for cities embarking on a path towards inclusive urbanisation around the world.”

Anacláudia Rossbach, Under-Secretary-General and Executive Director of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)

“I strongly recommend this book to policymakers, water utility managers, academics and students, to learn how and why Odisha became a success story.”

Dr Asit K. Biswas, Academician and Distinguished Visiting Professor, University of Glasgow, UK; Chief Executive, Third World Centre for Water Management, Mexico; Stockholm Water Prize Laureate, 2006

“Odisha's urban transformation is perhaps one of the most inspiring stories of change seen in India in recent times… This book documents this comprehensive process of change, authored by two key agents of this urban transformation.”

Dr Amita Bhide, Professor, Centre for Urban Policy and Governance, School of Habitat Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India

“This book is highly recommended for city leaders, specialists, and students alike—and is a must-read for anyone interested in urban issues.”

Barjor Mehta, President, CEPT University, Ahmedabad, India

ISBN: 9781789064919 (paperback)

ISBN: 9781789064926 (eBook)

ISBN: 9781789064933 (ePub)
Economic instruments of water resource management on the example of enterprises of KAZ minerals under non-stationarity of climate
Authors: Makhmudova Lyazzat , Sambetbayev Dauren , Kozykeyeva Aliya , Niyetaliyeva Aida , Torekhanova Nurgul
Published: December 2024

Water resource management challenges are shaped by territorial and natural conditions, and each country's specific context and international commitments. Growing water scarcity poses a significant issue at both national and regional levels. Integrated water resource management in the Yertis (Irtysh) river basin is particularly crucial due to its transboundary nature, involving China, Kazakhstan, and Russia. This study assesses water resource pressure in the Yertis basin using the ‘water stress’ indicator from water management plans of the three states. The Yertis River basin in Kazakhstan is highly industrialized, making it a focal point for analyzing water consumption by industrial enterprises, including KAZ Minerals Group. The research compares water use levels by KAZ Minerals Group before and after modernization of water systems from 2015 to 2020. The study highlights the successful implementation of economic instruments, such as water extraction taxes and modernization of water systems, which have led to reduced water abstraction and improved water recycling. These measures have contributed to mitigating water stress and ensuring a reliable water supply amid increasing demand and climate change impacts. The findings emphasize the importance of transboundary cooperation and the integration of economic, administrative, and technological tools to enhance water resource sustainability.
Experiment on streambed armoring with clusters and its influence on bed-load dynamics
Authors: Zhu Zhenhui , Chen Dong , Zhao Lianjun , Nie Ruihua , Zhang Fangxiu , Wang Ming , Huang Libing
Published: December 2024

Understanding bed-load dynamics over armored streambeds with particle clusters has been a longstanding challenge for river engineers. A flume experiment was conducted to investigate the processes of bed coarsening and cluster formation as well as their influences on bed-load dynamics. During the experiment, the experiment gradually increased inflow discharge from 80 to 145 L/s over 16 h, then maintained a steady discharge of 150 L/s for approximately 32 h. Continuous photographic analysis identified four periods of streambed armoring: (1) bed coarsening, (2) emergence of prototype clusters, (3) interconnecting of neighboring clusters, and (4) formation of mature clusters with high flow belts. Bed surface coarsening, dominant in P1–P2, increasingly restricted bed-load movement. In periods P3–P4 phases, coarsening ceased, while particle clustering intensified, further impeding bed-load transport. To quantify particle clustering, we enhanced the K parameter to parameter by incorporating the diameters of key particles. Our research reveals that overlooking the inhibitory effect of parameters can lead to considerable inaccuracies in the estimation of bed-load transport rates during periods P3–P4, even when advanced surface-based transport models are used.