bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large families of permutations of Zn whose pairwise sums are permutations
Authors: Bašić Bojan , Hačko Stefan
Published: December 2020

We construct some large families of permutations of such that the sum of any two permutations from a family is again a permutation of (not necessarily in the same family). Our families are significantly larger than the largest such families known so far in the literature (depending on the value of , the improvement can be as large as exponential). We also show that our families are maximal in the sense that no permutations can be added to them while maintaining the required property.
Construction of an intercultural preventive strategy of alcohol use in rural Mapuche communities: A community‐based participatory research
Authors: Zambrano Alba , Garcés Gabriela , Olate María P. , Treumún Miguel , Román Francisca
Published: December 2020

The research presented in this paper consists of a case study that analyses the elements necessary for a culturally grounded methodological strategy for the prevention of problematic alcohol consumption in rural Mapuche communities in the Araucanía region. To do this, we proposed to answer the questions: what are the particularities that alcohol consumption adopts in the local space? And what are the elements that should be considered for an intercultural preventive strategy for alcohol consumption? Oriented to the perspective of community‐based participatory research, data were collected through group interviews with the local community, participant observation and in‐depth interviews with people who consumed alcohol, were recovering from consumption and nondrinkers. A total of 84 people participated and the information gathered was analysed using ATLAS.ti software. The results show key aspects that must be considered for the design, including: strengthening the cultural identity, providing spaces for shared reflection in places where the community converges (schools and rural health centres), and problematising alcohol consumption from their own conceptions of normal and problematic consumption. Therefore, there is a need to focus on strengthening intracultural processes in community spaces, with a preventive strategy within the logic of action research, with increasing degrees of community participation.
Predictors of mortality in 217 COVID‐19 patients in Northwest Ohio, United States: A retrospective study
Authors: Merugu Ganesh Prasad , Nesheiwat Zeid , Balla Mamtha , Patel Mitra , Fatima Rawish , Sheikh Taha , Kotturi Vinay , Bommana Venugopala , Pulagam Gautham , Kaminski Brian
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aims to identify specific lab markers, complications, and treatments that may be associated with increased mortality in COVID‐19 patients. This study is retrospective in nature; it included 217 COVID‐19 positive patients who were admitted to a ProMedica Health System hospital in Northwest Ohio, United States, between March 25 and June 16, 2020. We collected various laboratory values, complications, and treatment courses. T test and χ2 analyses were used to predict mortality. COVID‐19 test was confirmed via polymerase chain reaction. Of 217 patients included in the study, the mean age of the population was 63.13 (SD, 17.8), of which 194 (89.4%, mean age 61.7 years) survived while 23 (10.6%, mean age 74.6 years) died. Among them, 53% were females and 47% male. Laboratory values that were associated with mortality were low hemoglobin (p = .0046), elevated INR (p = .0005), low platelets (p = .0246) and elevated procalcitonin (p = .0472). Marginally significant laboratory values included elevated troponin (p = .0661), and elevated creatinine (p = .0741). Treatment with either antibiotic, antifungals, antivirals, blood transfusion, steroids, and intubation were all statistically significant for mortality. COVID‐19 related complications with either ARDS, myocarditis, elevated INR, septic shock, or age greater than 63 were significant predictors of mortality. Low hemoglobin, elevated INR, Low platelet, elevated procalcitonin, treated with either antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, blood transfusion, steroids, and intubation are associated with high mortality related to COVID‐19 infection. Healthcare professionals must be aware of these predictors.
A rule‐based approach for automatically extracting data from systematic reviews and their updates to model the risk of conclusion change
Authors: Bashir Rabia , Dunn Adam G. , Surian Didi
Published: December 2020

Few data‐driven approaches are available to estimate the risk of conclusion change in systematic review updates. We developed a rule‐based approach to automatically extract information from reviews and updates to be used as features for modelling conclusion change risk. Rules were developed to extract relevant information from published Cochrane reviews and used to construct four features: the number of included trials and participants in the reviews, a measure based on the number of participants, and the time elapsed between the search dates. We compared the performance of random forest, decision tree, and logistic regression to predict the conclusion change risk. The performance was measured by accuracy, precision, recall, F1‐score, and area under ROC (AU‐ROC). One rule was developed to extract the conclusion change information (96% accuracy, 100 reviews), one for the search date (100% accuracy, 100 reviews), one for the number of included clinical trials (100% accuracy, 100 reviews), and 22 for the number of participants (97.3% accuracy, 200 reviews). For unseen reviews, the random forest classifier showed the highest accuracy (80.8%) and AU‐ROC (0.80). All classifiers showed relatively similar performance with overlapping 95% confidence interval (CI). The coverage score was shown to be the most useful feature for predicting the conclusion change risk. Features mined from Cochrane reviews and updates can estimate conclusion change risk. If data from more published reviews and updates were made accessible, data‐driven methods to predict the conclusion change risk may be a feasible way to support decisions about updating reviews.
Factors influencing urea use by giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Smith Jason M. , Blasco Gordon , Brzezinski Mark A. , Melack John M. , Reed Daniel C. , Miller Robert J.
Published: December 2020

Urea is an available and readily used source of nitrogen for giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, but little is known about its potential importance for sustaining growth. Results of kinetic experiments indicate urea uptake saturates at an average maximum rate (Vmax) of 0.73–0.92 μmol N g dw−1 h−1 with a half saturation constant (Ks) of 1.02–1.08 μM. The affinity of giant kelp for urea was high relative to that reported for other seaweeds. However, results of similar kinetics experiments with natural, co‐occurring phytoplankton communities indicate that the rate of urea uptake by phytoplankton was > 10‐fold higher than that of giant kelp. Urea uptake by giant kelp decreased 3–12% in darkness (relative to in light) compared to a 66–85% decline for phytoplankton. Similar differences were observed for ammonium and nitrate, suggesting that light intensity and photocycles influence the outcome of competition for N between giant kelp and phytoplankton. Monthly measures of urease in kelp tissues revealed persistent activity at levels that were 100‐fold higher than rates of urea uptake (0.13–0.35 μmol N g fw−1 min−1). This finding, coupled with unsuccessful efforts to induce additional urease activity through substrate additions, suggests that urease plays a role in giant kelp physiology beyond that of processing urea taken up from the environment. Collectively, our results suggest giant kelp uses multiple forms of N including urea to sustain year‐round growth. Its consistent capacity to acquire N during both day and night may help offset its low uptake rates relative to phytoplankton and increase its ability to compete for N during periods of low N availability.
Optimizing concurrency under Scheduling by Edge Reversal
Authors: Marciano Carlos E. , Arantes Gladstone M. , Lucena Abilio , Simonetti Luidi G. , Faria Luerbio , França Felipe M. G.
Published: December 2020

Scheduling by Edge Reversal provides an order of operation for nodes in a graph, but maximizing or minimizing the resulting concurrency is hard. In this paper, we discuss a series of real‐world applications for this technique and propose algorithms for both problems. For maximum concurrency, we prove its general inapproximability and introduce approximation algorithms for classes of graphs. For minimum concurrency, we use hardness and inapproximability results to establish its relation to longest cycles, while also introducing a novel application for assembling musical phrases.
Actuator and sensor fault estimation based on a proportional multiple‐integral sliding mode observer for linear parameter varying systems with inexact scheduling parameters
Authors: Gómez‐Peñate Samuel , López‐Estrada Francisco‐Ronay , Valencia‐Palomo Guillermo , Rotondo Damiano , Guerrero‐Sánchez Maria‐Eusebia
Published: December 2020

This article proposes an approach for the estimation of states, actuator, and sensor faults in nonlinear systems represented by a polytopic linear parameter varying (LPV) system with inexact scheduling parameters. In the traditional LPV approaches, the scheduling variables are considered to be perfectly known. However, in practical applications, their measurement may contain precision and calibration errors or noise that can affect the performance of the diagnostic systems. Therefore, this work proposes the design of a proportional multiple‐integral sliding mode observer for fault diagnosis (FD) that copes with LPV systems with inexact scheduling parameters. Due to the introduction of some nonlinear functions, the proposed observer is a nonlinear parameter varying system for which stability and robustness performance are formulated using the Lyapunov technique and a H∞ performance criterion. It is shown that the design conditions boil down to a set of linear matrix inequalities whose solution allows computing the observer gain matrix along with the tunable parameters of the nonlinear functions. Results obtained using the simulator of an octocopter‐type unmanned aerial vehicle are used to demonstrate the applicability and performance of the proposed FD scheme.
Safe Sisters program offers support to sorority members
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: December 2020

The most effective bystander intervention programs don't fall into a one‐size‐fits‐all framework, but rather are tailored to meet the needs of particular groups. A fitting example is the Indiana University Bloomington Safe Sisters program, which has shown promising results as a bystander intervention method specifically designed to support, educate, and empower sorority members, according to Rachel P. Feldwisch, Ph.D.
Did court find Title IX proceeding flawed?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: December 2020

Jacob Doe and Jenna Roe were Virginia Tech students. After a verbal altercation between the two, Roe accused Doe of assault and battery and trespassing. The university informed him in March 2018 he faced seven different charges stemming from Roe, including three “relating to sexual assault.” However, the notice contained no information about the specific incidents or allegations being investigated. Doe claimed the investigator interviewed multiple witnesses for Roe but neglected to interview witnesses identified by Doe.
Beware valuing task completion over relationships
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: December 2020

In the midst of managing a crisis that impacts your campus, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, even though the abundance of pressing tasks at hand might compete for all of your attention, don't overlook the inherent value of continuing to invest in the relationships with the people around you. That's been a key lesson learned by Jan Minoru Javinar, Ed.D., Interim Vice Chancellor of Student Affairs at the University of Hawai'i West O'ahu.
Lebensqualität von Patienten mit hydraulischen penilen Implantaten bei erektiler Dysfunktion in Bezug auf die sexuelle Zufriedenheit des Patienten und seinem/seiner Partner/Partnerin
Authors: Arndt K.-M. , Chomicz A. , Jünemann K.-P. , Osmonov D.
Published: December 2020

Hintergrund

Die erektile Dysfunktion ist eine Erkrankung mit einer stetig wachsenden Prävalenz in der männlichen Bevölkerung. Die Penisprothesenimplantation gilt als effektive Therapieoption.

Fragestellung

Ziel der durchgeführten Umfrage war daher, die sexuelle Zufriedenheit und somit die Lebensqualität von Patienten mit einer Penisprothese zu untersuchen und zusätzlich die Lebensqualität und sexuelle Zufriedenheit der Partner zu ermitteln.

Material und Methoden

Die Studie wurde ausschließlich mit Patienten, welche am Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel operiert wurden, durchgeführt. Die zur Verfügung stehende untersuchte Fallzahl an Patienten betrug 121. Für die seltene Indikation der PPI („penis prosthesis implant“) ist dies eine beachtliche Fallzahl. Hierfür wurden die Teilnehmer im Alter 44–80 Jahren und ihre jeweiligen Partner mittels validierten (EDITS [„erectile dysfunction inventory of treatment satisfaction“], EDITS Partner) Fragebögen befragt. Das mittlere Alter der befragten Patienten betrug 63 Jahre. Von 121 versendeten Fragebögen wurden 46 von den männlichen Patienten beantwortet. Daraus ergibt sich eine Antwortrate von 38,0 %.

Ergebnisse

Als Hauptergebnis konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die Zufriedenheitsrate in den meisten Fällen mit einem hohen Ergebnis und somit einer hohen Zufriedenheit der Patienten (80,97 % mittlerer EDITS) sowie deren Partner (65 %) einhergeht.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Penisprothesenimplantation liefert in Bezug auf die allgemeine sexuelle Zufriedenheit exzellente Ergebnisse und führt zu einer hohen Lebensqualität für Patienten und Partner.
Fibrosierte Hypersensitivitätspneumonie: Fokus auf pathologierelevante Aspekte der neuen klinischen Leitlinie der ATS/JRS/ALAT zur Diagnostik der Hypersensitivitätspneumonie bei Erwachsenen
Authors: Berezowska Sabina
Published: December 2020

Die Hypersensitivitätspneumonie (Synonym: exogen-allergische Alveolitis) ist eine chronische interstitielle Pneumonie, die bei dafür anfälligen Personen als Hypersensitivitätsreaktion nach Antigenkontakt auftritt und über diese Entzündung in eine chronisch fortschreitende, letale Lungenfibrosierung münden kann. Insbesondere die fibrotische Hypersensitivitätspneumonie, die bis dato chronische Hypersensitivitätspneumonie genannt worden ist, stellt eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar. Die Abgrenzung zur idiopathischen Lungenfibrose (IPF) und kollagenoseassoziierten Lungenfibrose (CTD-ILD) kann sehr schwierig sein, wiewohl sie therapeutisch wichtig ist. Obwohl der diagnostische Goldstandard einer multidisziplinären Diskussion und damit der synoptischen Zusammenführung aller Befunde zur finalen Diagnosestellung fest etabliert ist, hat die hohe Interobservervariabilität zwischen Experten innerhalb der Kerndisziplinen (Pneumologie, Radiologie, Pathologie) als auch zwischen den multidisziplinären Teams die Notwendigkeit von Leitlinien aufgezeigt.

Im aktuellen Übersichtsartikel werden die pathologierelevante Aspekte der neuen Leitlinie der ATS/JRS/ALAT zur Diagnostik sowohl der zellulären als auch der fibrotischen Hypersensitivitätspneumonie bei Erwachsenen vorgestellt.
Combined visualisation of cavitation and vortical structures in a real-size optical diesel injector
Authors: Karathanassis I. K. , Hwang J. , Koukouvinis P. , Pickett L. , Gavaises M.
Published: December 2020

A high-speed flow visualisation set-up comprising of combined diffuse backlight illumination (DBI) and schlieren imaging has been developed to illustrate the highly transient, two-phase flow arising in a real-size optical fuel injector. The different illumination nature of the two techniques, diffuse and parallel light respectively, allows for the capturing of refractive-index gradients due to the presence of both interfaces and density gradients within the orifice. Hence, the onset of cavitation and secondary-flow motion within the sac and injector hole can be concurrently visualised. Experiments were conducted utilising a diesel injector fitted with a single-hole transparent tip (ECN spray D) at injection pressures of 700–900 bar and ambient pressures in the range of 1–20 bar. High-speed DBI images obtained at 100,000 fps revealed that the orifice, due to its tapered layout, is mildly cavitating with relatively constant cavity sheets arising mainly in regions of manufacturing imperfections. Nevertheless, schlieren images obtained at the same frame rate demonstrated that a multitude of vortices with short lifetimes arise at different scales in the sac and nozzle regions during the entire duration of the injection cycle but the vortices do not necessarily result in phase change. The magnitude and exact location of coherent vortical structures have a measurable influence on the dynamics of the spray emerging downstream the injector outlet, leading to distinct differences in the variation of its cone angle depending on the injection and ambient pressures examined.

Graphic abstract
Unsteady aerodynamics of a wing in a novel small-amplitude transverse gust generator
Authors: Fernandez Fidel , Cleaver David , Gursul Ismet
Published: December 2020

A novel small-amplitude high-frequency gust generator has been developed that works by oscillating a small fence on the wind tunnel wall. The gust generator produces approximately constant local angle of attack in the chordwise direction. Due to the challenges of measuring small and slightly non-uniform gust angles the gust generator was calibrated using direct lift measurements on a symmetric wing set at zero geometric angle of attack. Unsteady lift force measurements and the Theodorsen's theory were used for the dynamic calibration of the gust angle. At nonzero geometric angles of attack, if the wing’s effective angle of attack remains below the stall angle, unsteady lift closely follows the static lift curve with very small hysteresis. Beyond the stall angle, dynamic stall and larger lift hysteresis are observed. Interestingly, in this regime, if flow is separated and a separation bubble is maintained on the wing throughout the cycle then increasing frequency reduces lift hysteresis. The slope of the lift curve, averaged over the cycle, may be greater than that of attached flow. The gust response is more sensitive to maximum effective angle of attack than the reduced frequency or the reduced pitch rate. The normalized lift change is much larger for separated flows than for attached flows.

Graphic abstract
Atmospheric tropical modes are important drivers of Sahelian springtime heatwaves
Authors: Guigma Kiswendsida H. , Guichard Françoise , Todd Martin , Peyrille Philippe , Wang Yi
Published: December 2020

Heatwaves pose a serious threat to human health worldwide but remain poorly documented over Africa. This study uses mainly the ERA5 dataset to investigate their large-scale drivers over the Sahel region during boreal spring, with a focus on the role of tropical modes of variability including the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the equatorial Rossby and Kelvin waves. Heatwaves were defined from daily minimum and maximum temperatures using a methodology that retains only intraseasonal scale events of large spatial extent. The results show that tropical modes have a large influence on the occurrence of Sahelian heatwaves, and, to a lesser extent, on their intensity. Depending on their convective phase, they can either increase or inhibit heatwave occurrence, with the MJO being the most important of the investigated drivers. A certain sensitivity to the geographic location and the diurnal cycle is observed, with nighttime heatwaves more impacted by the modes over the eastern Sahel and daytime heatwaves more affected over the western Sahel. The examination of the physical mechanisms shows that the modulation is made possible through the perturbation of regional circulation. Tropical modes thus exert a control on moisture and the subsequent longwave radiation, as well as on the advection of hot air. A detailed case study of a major event, which took place in April 2003, further supports these findings. Given the potential predictability offered by tropical modes at the intraseasonal scale, this study has key implications for heatwave risk management in the Sahel.
Antithrombotic therapy with or without clopidogrel after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Pellegrini Costanza , Xhepa Erion , Ndrepepa Gjin , Alvarez-Covarrubias Hector , Kufner Sebastian , Lahmann Anna Lena , Rheude Tobias , Rai Himanshu , Mayr N. Patrick , Schunkert Heribert , Kastrati Adnan , Joner Michael , Cassese Salvatore
Published: December 2020

Aims

To investigate the clinical outcomes associated with an antithrombotic therapy with or without clopidogrel after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Methods and results

This is a study-level meta-analysis including all randomized trials investigating antithrombotic regimens after TAVR. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020191036). We searched electronic scientific databases for eligible studies. The primary outcome was all-cause death. Main secondary outcome was major bleeding. Other outcomes were life-threatening (or disabling) bleeding, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Six eligible trials randomly allocated 3056 TAVR patients to aspirin or oral anticoagulation (OAC) with clopidogrel (n = 1525) versus aspirin and/or OAC without clopidogrel (n = 1531). In the overall estimates, an antithrombotic therapy with clopidogrel versus without displayed a comparable risk of all-cause death [Risk Ratio—RR = 0.83, 95% Confidence intervals—CI (0.57–1.20); P = 0.25] and major bleeding [RR = 1.33, 95% CI (0.61–2.92); P = 0.39]. However, the combination of aspirin or OAC with clopidogrel doubled the risk of major bleeding as compared to aspirin or OAC without clopidogrel [RR = 2.08, 95% CI (1.27–3.42); P = 0.015, P for interaction = 0.021]. Treatment strategies did not differ with respect to the risk of life-threatening bleeding, MI and stroke.

Conclusions

In patients receiving TAVR, a therapeutic strategy of aspirin or OAC with clopidogrel significantly increases the risk of major bleeding without impact on mortality and ischemic outcomes compared to aspirin or OAC without clopidogrel. The performance of different antithrombotic regimens in terms of long-term clinical outcomes and bioprosthesis valve function requires further investigation.

Graphic abstract

Forest plots from pairwise and network meta-analyses associated with an antithrombotic therapy with or without clopidogrel Risk ratio for all outcomes of interest calculated with the pairwise meta-analysis (left side) and for main outcomes calculated with the network meta-analysis (right side) in patients allocated to an antithrombotic therapy with clopidogrel or without. The diamonds indicate the point estimate and the left and the right ends of the lines the [95% CI]. CI: Confidence intervals; OAC; oral anticoagulation.
Refeeding-Syndrom
Authors: Nguyen P. , Schlögl H. , Selig L. , Baerwald C.
Published: December 2020

Rheumatische Krankheiten können über verschiedene Mechanismen zu einer Mangelernährung, also einer nicht ausreichenden Deckung des Bedarfs an Energie, Proteinen, Elektrolyten oder anderen Nährstoffen, führen. Bei Wiederbeginn mit vollwertiger Ernährung nach einer Phase einer solchen katabolen Stoffwechsellage kommt es zu metabolischen Veränderungen, die in einen akuten Mangel an verfügbaren Elektrolyten und anderen Mikronährstoffen führen und dann lebensbedrohliche Komplikationen auslösen können. Das Auftreten solcher Komplikationen nach Wiederbeginn der Ernährung wird als Refeeding-Syndrom bezeichnet. Mit Wissen um diese Komplikationen, dem adäquaten Wiederbeginn der Ernährung und ggf. einer Überwachung der relevanten Parameter sowie gezielter Supplementierung kann das Refeeding-Syndrom vermieden werden. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die Pathomechanismen des Refeeding-Syndroms erklärt, die Risikofaktoren für das Auftreten des Refeeding-Syndroms – insbesondere unter Betrachtung von rheumatologischen Patienten – identifiziert und die nötige Therapie zur Vermeidung eines Refeeding-Syndroms bei Wiederbeginn der Ernährung dargestellt.
Correction to: A single dose of purple grape juice improves physical performance and antioxidant activity in runners: a randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo study
Authors: de Lima Tavares Toscano Lydiane , Silva Alexandre Sérgio , de França Ana Carla Lima , de Sousa Bruno Rafael Virgínio , de Almeida Filho Eder Jackson Bezerra , da Silveira Costa Matheus , Marques Aline Telles Biasoto , da Silva Darcilene Fiuza , de Farias Sena Klécia , Cerqueira Gilberto Santos , da Conceição Rodrigues Gonçalves Maria
Published: December 2020

The article A single dose of purple grape juice improves physical performance and antioxidant activity in runners.
The (in)dependency of blood and sweat sodium, chloride, potassium, ammonia, lactate and glucose concentrations during submaximal exercise
Authors: Klous L. , de Ruiter C. J. , Scherrer S. , Gerrett N. , Daanen H. A. M.
Published: December 2020

Purpose

To reduce the need for invasive and expensive measures of human biomarkers, sweat is becoming increasingly popular in use as an alternative to blood. Therefore, the (in)dependency of blood and sweat composition has to be explored.

Methods

In an environmental chamber (33 °C, 65% relative humidity; RH), 12 participants completed three subsequent 20-min cycling stages to elicit three different local sweat rates (LSR) while aiming to limit changes in blood composition: at 60% of their maximum heart rate (HRmax), 70% HRmaxand 80% HRmax, with 5 min of seated-rest in between. Sweat was collected from the arm and back during each stage and post-exercise. Blood was drawn from a superficial antecubital vein in the middle of each stage. Concentrations of sodium, chloride, potassium, ammonia, lactate and glucose were determined in blood plasma and sweat.

Results

With increasing exercise intensity, LSR, sweat sodium, chloride and glucose concentrations increased (P ≤ 0.026), while simultaneously limited changes in blood composition were elicited for these components (P ≥ 0.093). Sweat potassium, lactate and ammonia concentrations decreased (P ≤ 0.006), while blood potassium decreased (P = 0.003), and blood ammonia and lactate concentrations increased with higher exercise intensities (P = 0.005;P = 0.007, respectively). The vast majority of correlations between blood and sweat parameters were non-significant (P > 0.05), with few exceptions.

Conclusion

The data suggest that sweat composition is at least partly independent of blood composition. This has important consequences when targeting sweat as non-invasive alternative for blood measurements.
Altered litter inputs modify carbon and nitrogen storage in soil organic matter in a lowland tropical forest
Authors: Sayer Emma J. , Baxendale Catherine , Birkett Ali J. , Bréchet Laëtitia M. , Castro Biancolini , Kerdraon-Byrne Deirdre , Lopez-Sangil Luis , Rodtassana Chadtip
Published: December 2020

Soil organic matter (SOM) in tropical forests is an important store of carbon (C) and nutrients. Although SOM storage could be affected by global changes via altered plant productivity, we know relatively little about SOM stabilisation and turnover in tropical forests compared to temperate systems. Here, we investigated changes in soil C and N within particle size fractions representing particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) after 13 years of experimental litter removal (L−) and litter addition (L+) treatments in a  lowland tropical forest. We hypothesized that reduced nitrogen (N) availability in L− plots would result in N-mining of MAOM, whereas long-term litter addition would increase POM, without altering the C:N ratio of SOM fractions. Overall, SOM-N declined more than SOM-C with litter removal, providing evidence of N-mining in the L− plots, which increased the soil C:N ratio. However, contrary to expectations, the C:N ratio increased most in the largest POM fraction, whereas the C:N ratio of MAOM remained unchanged. We did not observe the expected increases in POM with litter addition, which we attribute to rapid turnover of unprotected SOM. Measurements of ion exchange rates to assess changes in N availability and soil chemistry revealed that litter removal increased the mobility of ammonium-N and aluminium, whereas litter addition increased the mobility of nitrate-N and iron, which could indicate SOM priming in both treatments. Our study suggests that altered litter inputs affect multiple processes contributing to SOM storage and we propose potential mechanisms to inform future work.
Responsibility for Funding Refractive Correction in Publicly Funded Health Care Systems: An Ethical Analysis
Authors: Färdow Joakim , Broström Linus , Johansson Mats
Published: December 2020

Allocating on the basis of need is a distinguishing principle in publicly funded health care systems. Resources ought to be directed to patients, or the health program, where the need is considered greatest. In Sweden support of this principle can be found in health care legislation. Today however some domains of what appear to be health care needs are excluded from the responsibilities of the publicly funded health care system. Corrections of eye disorders known as refractive errors is one such domain. In this article the moral legitimacy of this exception is explored. Individuals with refractive errors need spectacles, contact lenses or refractive surgery to do all kinds of thing, including participating in everyday activities, managing certain jobs, and accomplishing various goals in life. The relief of correctable visual impairments fits well into the category of what we typically consider a health care need. The study of refractive errors does belong to the field of medical science, interventions to correct such errors can be performed by medical means, and the skills of registered health care professionals are required when it comes to correcting refractive error. As visual impairments caused by other conditions than refractive errors are treated and funded within the public health care system in Sweden this is an inconsistency that needs to be addressed.
Correction to: Futurizing politics and the sustainability of real-world experiments: what role for innovation and exnovation in the German energy transition?
Authors: David Martin , Gross Matthias
Published: December 2020

The original article has been updated.
Numerical position optimization of an over-the-wing mounted engine installation
Authors: Lange F. , Rudnik R.
Published: December 2020

The Collaborative Research Center 880 is investigating different technologies and configurative variants for the purpose of short take-off and landing (STOL) capabilities, ranging from high-lift systems with Coandӑ flaps to unusual but potentially more efficient engine arrangements. The present study focuses on the reference configuration 3 (REF3). This configuration is characterized by an UHBR over-the-wing nacelle (OWN) located above the wing trailing edge. Starting from the wing/body configuration the installation effects of the OWN were investigated. A fully automatized surrogate based optimization was used to evaluate the impact of an engine position variation in vertical and horizontal direction to observe fundamental aerodynamic interactions between wing and OWN in cruise flight conditions. Due to the presence of OWN and pylon, a distinct disturbance on the wing upper surface could be observed leading to significant interference effects. Nevertheless, the overall cruise drag of REF3 could be improved by 37 drag counts or nearly 11% due to the position optimization.
“Julius Caesar Was the Last Emperor”: Students’ Understanding of World History
Authors: Kim Geena
Published: December 2020

This study explored how U.S. middle school students made sense of a variety of topics from world history. I conducted qualitative, task-based, small group interviews with 66 sixth and seventh grade students enrolled in world history courses. Findings indicated that students assimilated new information from world history to their prior knowledge of U.S. history, often mixing content knowledge from U.S. history into their understanding of world history. They also used a narrative theme of progress to structure world history knowledge and centered historical narratives on individuals rather than larger social/political circumstances. Thus, narratives that served as tools in students’ reasoning about U.S. history were found to wield significant influence over their understanding of world history topics. These findings suggest that conceptual changes are necessary for students to develop more complete and nuanced historical understanding.
Roughness-induced vehicle energy dissipation from crowdsourced smartphone measurements through random vibration theory
Authors: Botshekan Meshkat , Roxon Jacob , Wanichkul Athikom , Chirananthavat Theemathas , Chamoun Joy , Ziq Malik , Anini Bader , Daher Naseem , Awad Abdalkarim , Ghanem Wasel , Tootkaboni Mazdak , Louhghalam Arghavan , Ulm Franz-Josef
Published: December 2020

We propose, calibrate, and validate a crowdsourced approach for estimating power spectral density (PSD) of road roughness based on an inverse analysis of vertical acceleration measured by a smartphone mounted in an unknown position in a vehicle. Built upon random vibration analysis of a half-car mechanistic model of roughness-induced pavement–vehicle interaction, the inverse analysis employs an L2 norm regularization to estimate ride quality metrics, such as the widely used International Roughness Index, from the acceleration PSD. Evoking the fluctuation–dissipation theorem of statistical physics, the inverse framework estimates the half-car dynamic vehicle properties and related excess fuel consumption. The method is validated against (a) laser-measured road roughness data for both inner city and highway road conditions and (b) road roughness data for the state of California. We also show that the phone position in the vehicle only marginally affects road roughness predictions, an important condition for crowdsourced capabilities of the proposed approach.
Feminine Power in Proclus's Commentary on Plato's Timaeus
Authors: Layne Danielle A.
Published: December 2020

Notorious for advancing a strict dichotomy between the masculine “demiurgic father” and the feminine “nurse/receptacle of becoming” as the “natural” origin of the cosmos, Plato's Timaeus has become a site for feminist interrogation. Most critics easily deem the text a masculine fantasy that projects feminine impotence and obligatory heterosexuality, reinforcing patriarchal power structures that are blindly reproduced in their historical reception. Consequently, this article analyzes the Neoplatonic replication of this framework, but with special attention given to Proclus's challenges to this gendered and sexual context. In this late, sometimes forgotten figure, we find, rather surprisingly, a Platonist who neither sequesters the feminine to the domain of the passive receptacle nor charges her simply with being a bastard image of the masculine. Rather, for Proclus, the feminine becomes the site of lived, erotic power that produces and sustains the value of authentic otherness. Furthermore, Proclus offers a challenge to the naturalness of the sex binary, suggesting a radical queerness as the basis of all identity. Overall, we shall see how classical patriarchal thinkers may, despite themselves, offer subversive models that might present readers with possibilities for troubling the sexual prejudices of ancient metaphysical schemas.
Movement, Embrace: Adriana Cavarero with Bracha Lichtenberg Ettinger (and the Death Drive)
Authors: Voela Angie , Esin Cigdem
Published: December 2020

An experience of helplessness during the production of a collective autobiographical narrative offers an opportunity to explore points of convergence between Adriana Cavarero's postural philosophy and Bracha Lichtenberg Ettinger's matrixial borderlinking. The narrative is treated as a live scene that enfolds the movement of the drive conceptualized in such a way as to avoid the prioritization of death over life. Five successive moves, inspired by Ettinger's rotation of the phallic prism, illuminate affinities between the two thinkers. The first rotation explores the matrixial and relational qualities that compose the scene. The second rotation approaches death from a notional beginning, prioritizing the presence of the mother and her assymmetrical relationship to the infant. The third rotation emphasizes the transformational character of Ettinger's matrixial movement and border-crossing, especially when examined in conjunction with Cavarero's maternal inclination. In the fourth rotation we show how inclination (clinamen) in Lacanian psychoanalysis is linked to the disappearance of the mother from the scene. The (re)introduction of the mother disrupts the Lacanian logic with the possibility of a beginning just as immanent as desire and lack. Movement, qua embrace and unity-disunity (fifth rotation), becomes an indispensable component of feminist ontology that captures the immanence of sharing in the matrixial-maternal plane.
The Concept of “Educational Transformation” and its Relationship to Civilizing Missions in Early China
Authors: Brindley Erica Fox
Published: December 2020

This article examines the early history and evolution of the concept ofjiaohua(教化 “educational transformation”) as a reference to civilizing missions in China. It explores Ru (Confucian) concepts advocating the widespread education of the masses, showing how such concepts were linked to notions of ethnicity and moral attainment. Then it contextualizes the first uses of educational transformation in writings concerning statecraft. Xunzi emerges as a pivotal figure who helped adapt the statecraft rhetoric on educational transformation to the largely Ru goal of spreading a morally superior Huaxia culture among the masses and to peoples of other cultures. I then move beyond this conceptual history to examine a few civilizing missions in the Han era. My purpose is to link large-scale, civilizing missions in Chinese history with the early philosophical rhetoric and show how history was shaped by these underlying conceptual orientations.
Time and its Miscounting: Methodological Challenges in the Study of Citizenship Boundaries
Authors: Lori Noora
Published: December 2020

One would think that, after years of fieldwork and writing, I would be able to answer a pretty simple and straightforward question about who exactly I interviewed for my study of citizenship boundaries in the UAE: “Do you have any notion of the proportions [of interlocuters] of the different ethnic or descent lines that you spoke to?” This essay is about why it is so difficult to answer this question and the insights into citizenship that unfolded as I searched for an empirical answer. Spoiler alert: Answers to questions about “national” or “ethnic” origin are entirely dependent upon how we count—and miscount—time.
The Limits of Belonging in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bsheer Rosie
Published: December 2020

On 25 October 2017, the Saudi Arabian regime granted citizenship to Sophia, a humanoid robot developed in Hong Kong. Sophia became the world's first robot citizen. Some of the globe's wealthiest investors, foreign dignitaries, and foremost economists, journalists, and public relations experts celebrated the conferral firsthand. They were guests of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman in Riyadh, where they attended the inaugural Future Investment Initiative. Sponsored by Saudi Arabia's sovereign wealth fund, the forum heralded the regime's renewed commitment to diversify the country's petro-economy, develop its human capital, and increase its global investment competitiveness. The national reform plan, dubbed Vision 2030, dominated the event's discussions. Vision 2030 was an ambitious blueprint that had as its goal nothing short of overhauling everyday life in Saudi Arabia. It entailed revamping bureaucratic capacity, building global gigacities, and opening the country to visitors and investors alike. Developing the tourism and entertainment sectors were key. Through these lucrative socio-technical experiments, the regime hoped to tackle the dire economic, financial, and social challenges it faced. To appeal to the global investor, it framed the reforms in the language of high-tech modernization, sustainable development, and socioreligious tolerance. Sophia, and all the trappings of modernization that “she” embodied, epitomized the ruling class's entrepreneurial vision for a new Saudi Arabia, and in turn, a new global citizen: the naturalized elite as well as the new Saudi Arabian citizen-subject (Fig. 1).
The Vagaries of the In-Between: Labor Citizenship in the Persian Gulf
Authors: Babar Zahra R.
Published: December 2020

There is no precise English equivalent to this Hindustani proverb. A rolling stone gathers no moss, between the devil and the deep blue sea, between a rock and a hard place, torn between two masters—none of these really fit. The dhobi ka kuta is the dog who figuratively and literally runs every day between two places, two obligations, and two choices. Does he stay behind to guard the master's house or does he guard his master as he washes clothes by the river? There will be a trade-off either way. The phrase does not conjure up vagabond restlessness or nomadic liberation. It evokes the anxiety of rootlessness, and the lack of certainty about choice and loyalty. It is about the doubt cast your way for not picking one thing over the other. It is about being stuck in the vagaries of the in-between.
Minds, materials and metaphors
Authors: Toon Adam
Published: December 2020

What is the relationship between mental states and items of material culture, like notebooks, maps or lists? The extended mind thesis (ExM) offers an influential and controversial answer to this question. According to ExM, items of material culture can form part of the material basis for our mental states. Although ExM offers a radical view of thelocationof mental states, it fits comfortably with a traditional, representationalist account of thenatureof those states. I argue that proponents of ExM would do better to adopt afictionalistapproach to mental states. In so doing, I suggest, they could retain the important insights underlying the extended mind thesis, while avoiding its more problematic consequences.
Finding Refuge through Employment: Worker Visas as a Complementary Pathway for Refugee Resettlement
Authors: Doyle Michael , Peltz Elie
Published: December 2020

This essay identifies and explores an underappreciated win-win policy option that has the potential to address both the needs of refugees for resettlement and the labor demand of destination countries. Building upon provisions of the Model International Mobility Convention—a model convention endorsed by dozens of leading migration and refugee experts—and a program pioneered by Talent Beyond Boundaries, we explore how to scale up valuable measures for identifying job opportunities that can resettle refugees from asylum countries to destination countries. The latter can benefit from the labor of refugees and thereby offer long-term refuge for populations in desperate need of resettlement.
Coronavirus, Catch-up Calls and Case Studies
Authors: Davies Katy , Manning Kate , Wilson Jude
Published: December 2020

In this article, three members of the BIALL Publications Committee, Katy Davies, Kate Manning and Jude Wilson, relate their experience of lockdown in their working environments and mention some of the ways that the British and Irish Association of Law Librarians (BIALL), as a professional organisation, has been supporting its members.
Remote Legal Research Training for the ‘Denmark–Myanmar Programme on Rule of Law and Human Rights’ During the Pandemic
Authors: Bird Ruth
Published: December 2020

The impact of the Covid 19 lockdown of Western countries has had extensive coverage, but for other countries, like Myanmar, little information has been shared in the Western media. Yet the impact on everyday activities there has been just as great, including closure of workplaces and universities, the wearing of masks, and restrictions on travellers from outside Myanmar. When a planned programme of face-to-face legal research teaching in May 2020 could not be offered, another means had to be found to deliver a course which had been successfully introduced the previous year. In this article Ruth Bird outlines how the course went ahead even though she was in lockdown in Melbourne, while her colleagues and participants were locked down in Yangon.
Coordination and Communication in Healthcare Action Teams
Authors: Burtscher Michael J. , Nussbeck Fridtjof W. , Sevdalis Nick , Gisin Stefan , Manser Tanja
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Communication and coordination represent central processes in healthcare action teams. However, we have a limited understanding of how expertise affects these processes and to what extent these effects are shaped by interprofessional differences. The current study addresses these questions by jointly investigating the influence of different aspects of expertise – individual expertise, team familiarity, and expertise asymmetry – on coordination quality and communication openness. We tested our propositions in two hospitals: one in Switzerland (CH, Sample 1) and one in the United Kingdom (UK, Sample 2). Both samples included two-person anesthesia action teams consisting of a physician and a nurse ( NCH = 47 teams, NUK = 48 teams). We used a correlational design with two measurement points (i.e., pre- and postoperation). To consider potential interprofessional differences, we analyzed our data with actor-partner interdependence models. Moreover, we explored differences in the effects of expertise between both hospitals. Our findings suggest that nurses’ expertise is the most important predictor of coordination quality and communication openness. Overall, differences between the two hospitals were more prevalent than interprofessional differences between physicians and nurses. The current study provides a nuanced picture of the effects of expertise, and thereby extends our understanding of interprofessional teamwork.
The Psychometric Properties of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Authors: Sala Giovanni , Inagaki Hiroki , Ishioka Yoshiko , Masui Yukie , Nakagawa Takeshi , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Arai Yasumichi , Ikebe Kazunori , Kamide Kei , Gondo Yasuyuki
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a test assessing global cognition in older adults which is often used by researchers and clinicians worldwide, although some of its psychometric properties have yet to be established. We focus on three fundamental aspects: the factorial structure of the MoCA, its general factor saturation, and the measurement invariance of the test. We administered the MoCA to a large sample of Japanese older adults clustered in three cohorts (69–71-year-olds, 79–81-year-olds, and 89–91-year-olds; N = 2,408). Our results show that the test has an overall stable hierarchical factorial structure with a general factor at its apex and satisfactory general-factor saturation. We also found measurement invariance across participants of different ages, educational levels, economic status, and sex. This comprehensive investigation thus supports the idea that the MoCA is a valid tool to assess global cognition in older adults of different socioeconomic status and age ranges.
Sinking Fish May Fast-Track Mercury Pollution to the Deep Sea
Authors: Wilke Carolyn
Published: December 2020

Isotopic analysis indicates that mercury found in deep-sea organisms may have an origin in carrion from near the surface.