bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Анализ развития распределённой генерации Дальневосточного экономического района, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Смоляков А. С. , Балахонов Сергей Юрьевич , Лисин Евгений Михайлович
Published: February 2024

Статья посвящена анализу развития распределённых энергосистем на территории Дальневосточного экономического района, направленного на достижение цели снижения числа убыточных и не отвечающих новым стандартам экологичности и энергоэффективности генерирующих активов региона.
Emulsifying and Lipid Peroxidation Inhibitory Activities of Chicken Head Protein Hydrolysate Using a Combination of Papain and Bromelain Enzymes
Authors: Syahdan Moch. Geerhan Miraja , Andiana Pramudya , Radiati Lilik Eka
Published: February 2024

Protein hydrolysis is a method used to produce protein hydrolysates containing simple peptides and free amino acids. The chicken head is one of the by-products that contain a high protein concentration so it can be use as a raw material for protein hydrolysate with functional properties and as a lipid peroxidation inhibitor. The aim of this research was determination to determine the emulsifying and lipid peroxidation inhibitory properties in chicken head protein hydrolysate using a combination of papain and bromelain enzymes. The method used in this research was a laboratory experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications, consisting of T1 (without hydrolysis), T2 (75% papain enzyme and 25% bromelain enzyme), T3 (papain enzyme 50% and bromelain enzyme 50%), and T4 (papain enzyme 25% and bromelain enzyme 75%). The difference in the concentration ratio of papain enzyme and bromelain enzyme in chicken head protein hydrolysate gave a very significant difference (P<0.01) in Electrical conductivity (EC), a significant difference (P<0,05) in lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity and emulsion activity, and no significant difference (P>0,05) in emulsion stability. Chicken head protein hydrolysate shows potential as an emulsifier and lipid peroxidation inhibitor.
Awareness and Practices of Senior High School Students and Teachers on Environmental Education: Basis for Instructional Materials Development
Authors: Galorio Ian Jake N. , Naling Chennie S.
Published: February 2024

Environmental education in the Philippines has been incorporated into different course curricula, including life and physical sciences. This study evaluated the awareness and practices of senior high school students and teachers in environmental education. The study included 125 senior high school students and 25 teachers from Montevista Stand Alone Senior High School.

The study found that 44% of the teacher-respondents were between 41-50 years old, while 51.20% of the student-respondents were between 17-18 years old. The teacher-respondents demonstrated a high level of awareness in environmental concepts and the state of the environment, with an overall mean of 4.34. The student-respondents showed a moderate level of awareness, with an overall mean of 3.18. The teacher-respondents "always" practiced taking action to solve environmental problems, with an overall mean of 4.52, while the student-respondents "often" did so, with an overall mean of 3.80.

No statistically significant difference was found in the level of awareness of environmental concepts and the state of the environment among teachers when grouped according to gender (p-value = 0.207) or grade level taught (p-value = 0.910). Similarly, for students, no statistically significant difference was found when grouped according to grade level (p-value = 0.162) or age (p-value = 0.213). The awareness of environmental concepts was significantly and positively related to the need for a high degree of commitment among both teachers (r=0.455; p=0.022) and students (r=0.885; p=0.000).

Based on the findings, the researcher recommends developing instructional materials for environmental education that aim to maintain and increase students' understanding and capacities in relation to environmental problems and environmental sustainability principles.
Evaluation of Recently Released Andean Bean Varieties with the Participation of Farmers in Mid-Altitude Region of Gedeb Zuria, Gedo Zone
Authors: Alemayehu Fitsum
Published: February 2024

During the 2012 mehere season, a study was conducted in the income Gedeb Wereda of the Gedio zone in Ethiopia to evaluate farmers' selection criteria for beans and the performance of newly released Andean common bean varieties. The study utilised participatory variety selection (PVS) trials. The findings revealed that qualitative features were given more importance by farmers compared to quantitative traits. Among the different genotypes tested, Gegeba and Ibado emerged as the top two varieties. Farmers considered five qualitative characteristics as superior to production: seed size, marketability, maturity duration, pest and disease resistance, the ability to tolerate cool temperatures, and seed color. Gegeba, with its large, red-speckled seeds, high market demand, upright growth habit, early maturity (90 days), and reasonably high yield (>2 tonnes ha-1), was the preferred choice for almost all farmers. The study suggests that future bean development efforts should focus on promoting the selected varieties and developing new ones that align with farmers' preferences, particularly in terms of adaptation to the mid-highlands, suitability for domestic consumption, local markets, and export markets.
Climate Resilient Technologies, Adaptation, Mitigation and their Influence on Farm Income in Telangana State of India
Authors: Sri Ch. Ramya , Suhasini K. , Ashok K. , Raj B. Mohan Uday
Published: February 2024

Climate change is a challenge for developing countries like India due to climate variability. The study area of Telangana is also prone to frequent droughts, resulting in distress among farming communities, and witnessed crop failures leading to farmer’s suicides. The State Action Plan on Climate Change (APCC) reported these issues of drought and heat waves in agriculture. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in 2017-18 by using an ex-post facto research design to assess the climate resilient technologies, mitigation strategies adopted here, and their influence on farm income among the already ascertained most vulnerable Mahabubnagar district and least vulnerable Khammam district farmers of Telanagana State. A total of 480 respondents, 240 from each district, were selected randomly. The technology adoption index was constructed to ascertain the extent of adoption of climate-resilient technology, and further study analyzed the factors influencing the adaptation of climate- resilient, technologies such as the technology adoption index on household farm income, along with other factors. The results of the study indicated that different strategies adopted by farmers in mitigating climate change, such as use of drought-tolerant varieties and life saving irrigations had a positive influence on adaptation to climate change. Further, the study reported that the technology adoption index (TAI) showed a positive, non-significant impact on farm income in both scenarios considered i.e. Mahabubnagar and Khammam which implies that there needs, adopting more technologies intensively and timely, have to significant influence on farm income.
Effect of Organic Manures and Bio-Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Kharif Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)]
Authors: Patel Z. B. , Chaudhari P. P. , Patel P. R. , Kumawat Laxman , Katiyar Drishty
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Instructional Farm of SDAU, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India during kharif season of 2020-2021. The experiment consisting nine treatments viz., T1-Absolute control, T2-100% RDF (20 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 ha-1), T3- FYM @ 5.0 t ha-1, T4-FYM @ 2.5 t ha-1 + Rhizobium + PSB, T5-vermicompost @ 2.0 t ha-1, T6-vermicompost @ 1.0 t ha-1 + Rhizobium + PSB, T7-castor cake @ 2.0 t ha-1, T8-castor cake @ 1.0 t ha-1 + Rhizobium + PSB, T9-Ghan Jeevamrut @ 250 kg ha-1 at sowing time + Seed treatment with Beejamrut @ 200 ml kg-1  seed+ Jeevamrut @ 500 lit ha-1 with irrigation at sowing and 30 DAS were tested in randomized block design with four replications. The result revealed that the application of T8-castor cake @ 1.0 t ha-1 + Rhizobium + PSB showed significant improvement on plant height, number of branches per plant, dry matter accumulation, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, length of pod and seed yield per plant whereas, application of T4-FYM @ 2.5 t ha-1 + Rhizobium + PSB gave significantly higher number of root nodules per plant, fresh and dry weight of root nodules. it is concluded that higher yield from kharif cowpea could be obtained by applying either castor cake @ 1.0 t ha-1 or FYM @ 2.5 t ha-1 along with Rhizobium + PSB in loamy sand soils of North Gujarat.
From Lab to Bouquet: The Biotechnological Frontier in Modern Floriculture for Sustainable and Resilient Flower Farming
Authors: Bhardwaj Ragini , Kumar Manish , Kaushal Nitesh , Kamboj Aakash Deep , Krishnamoorthi A. , Singh Abhishek , Motla Rishubh , Anushi
Published: February 2024

Modern floriculture faces unprecedented challenges in meeting the rising global demand for flowers while addressing environmental concerns and the need for sustainability. This paper explores the transformative role of biotechnology in revolutionizing flower farming practices, offering solutions for sustainable and resilient cultivation. The integration of biotechnological tools such as genetic engineering, tissue culture, and molecular breeding techniques has opened new avenues for enhancing the efficiency and resilience of flower crops. Genetic modification allows the development of varieties with improved traits, such as disease resistance, longer vase life, and enhanced stress tolerance. Tissue culture facilitates the rapid propagation of elite plant material, ensuring consistent and high-quality flower production. Furthermore, molecular breeding enables the precise selection of desirable traits, accelerating the traditional breeding process. The use of molecular markers for disease resistance, flower colour, and fragrance can streamline the development of new flower varieties tailored to market preferences. Additionally, advanced omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomic, and metabolomics, provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying flower development and responses to environmental stress. Biotechnological interventions extend beyond genetic improvements, encompassing sustainable cultivation practices. Precision agriculture, enabled by sensor technologies and data analytics, optimizes resource utilization, minimizing environmental impact. Smart irrigation systems, nutrient management, and pest control strategies contribute to the efficient use of resources and reduced ecological footprint. The biotechnological frontier in modern floriculture not only addresses current challenges but also positions the industry to adapt to future uncertainties. Climate change, emerging pests, and shifting market demands necessitate resilient flower farming systems. Biotechnology offers the tools to develop adaptable flower varieties and sustainable production methods, promoting long-term ecological and economic viability.
Numerical Calculation of Static Strength Performance of Planar Gate Structures
Authors: Fan Zhang
Published: February 2024

As an important part of the ecological environment, rivers provide an important guarantee for the production and life in China. At present, domestic and foreign for the construction of the gate has been gradually shaped, hydraulic steel gate gradually developed as a hydroelectric power station high head, flood discharge flow of large gate type, the smooth opening and closing of the gate is related to the entire water conservancy hub and downstream of the safety of the residents' lives. For the safety of plane gate, this paper adopts Ansys software to establish a finite element model of plane gate, and calculates the most dangerous point stress of plane gate by considering its most unfavourable loading condition. At the same time, the service life of the allowable stress reduction was considered. The analysis results show that the planar gate meets the strength safety. The main beam is simplified into slender beam and thin-walled deep beam, and the calculation formula of slender beam in the mechanics of materials and thin-walled deep beam in the literature is used to calculate the positive bending stress in the mid-span cross-section of the main beam of the gate, and a comparative analysis is carried out with the results of Ansys, which shows that the positive bending stress in the mid-span cross-section of the main beam obtained by simplifying the main beam into a thin-walled deep beam is more close to the results of Ansys calculation. The results of this paper provide an important reference for the structural strength analysis of planar gates.
Formulation Techniques, Characterization of Nanoemulsion and their Pharmaceutical Applications: A Comprehensive Technical Review
Authors: Mustafa Muhammad Abid , Rasheed Namra , Farooq Hamza , Fazal Muntaha , Asif Emaan , Shafiq Hamna , Amin Muqadas , Jaan Gohar , Nadeem Amna , Farooq Tooba , Fatima Neha , Ahmad Sadia , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid
Published: February 2024

Nanoemulsions are stable liquid-in-liquid dispersions with large surface areas, strong stability, optical transparency, and adaptable rheology. These submicron-sized emulsions are being studied for drug delivery and targeting in cosmetics, diagnostics, drug therapies, and biotechnologies. This review explores various techniques for developing and characterizing nanoemulsions, their common formulations, merits, demerits, and current and future applications due to their unique structures and chemistries. The study emphasizes the importance of ideal formulations for nano-droplet systems, including droplet size, solubilization, colloidal stability, and optical and rheological characteristics.
Developed the Lightweight Jack Support with Easy Length Adjustment
Authors: Kim Euihun , Kim Chnaggyoum , Park Sungjin
Published: February 2024

Jack support refers to a construction device that combines a jack device with the function of pushing based on mechanical principles or operation and a support member that supports the load. It is widely used during construction, reinforcement, and dismantling of structures for the purpose of distributing the upper load. Current commercially available jack supports are considerably heavy. Therefore, their constructability and safety are extremely poor in sites where installation and disassembly are manually performed. In addition, extensive damage, such as twisting or bending, occurs at the joints that connect pipes. Hence, the problem must be solved. In this study, the problems were addressed by reducing the weight of the jack support, and the details of the fastener were developed to ensure excellent performance in bending and buckling. All members were developed as modular such that they could be easily moved manually for assembly and disassembly. Performance tests were conducted by manufacturing a prototype, and the test results confirmed that the failure load was greater than the design load.
Analysis of Load Distribution Effect of Jack Support Shock Absorber
Authors: Lee Bobe , Kim Euihun , Park Sungjin
Published: February 2024

According to recent statistics from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, 40% of domestic buildings are in a serious state of deterioration and are more than 30 years old. Accordingly, the dismantling of old buildings is increasing; however, collapse accidents frequently occur during dismantling. During building dismantling, a jack support is placed at the bottom of the slab to reinforce insufficient slab strength. In this study, a shock absorber was developed to address jack support problems. The developed impact dampening device was designed to be mounted at the bottom of the jack support. Therefore, not only could the length of the jack support be adjusted independently, but it could also be applied to various load environments owing to its three-stage shock absorbing device configuration. Consequently, applying the developed shock absorber to various building dismantling scenarios and confirming it through a numerical analysis showed a relatively excellent load distribution effect when applied to all supports.
Design Through Making: An Introduction
Authors: Sheil Bob
Published: January 2006

Should a sound understanding and experience of making underpin design skills? In an age of design data, what does the architect still have to gain from the physical and tacit? Bob Sheil, guest‐editor of Design through Making, outlines the ideas behind the issue and how they have prompted intriguing and impassioned responses from a diverse array of contributors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel homeobox mutation in thePITX2gene in a family with Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome associated with brain, ocular, and dental phenotypes
Authors: Idrees Faisal , Bloch‐Zupan Agnes , Free Samantha L. , Vaideanu Daniela , Thompson Pamela J. , Ashley Paul , Brice Glen , Rutland Paul , Bitner‐Glindzicz Maria , Khaw Peng T. , Fraser Scott , Sisodiya Sanjay M. , Sowden Jane C.
Published: January 2006

Axenfeld‐Rieger Syndrome (ARS) is a genetically heterogeneous birth defect characterized by malformation of the anterior segment of the eye associated with glaucoma. Mutation of thePITX2homeobox gene has been identified as a cause of ARS. We report a novel Arg5Trp missense mutation in thePITX2homeodomain, which is associated with brain abnormalities. One patient had a small sella turcica likely to reflect hypoplasia of the pituitary gland and consistent with the critical role identified forPitx2in pituitary development in mice. Two patients had an enlarged cisterna magna, one with a malformed cerebellum, and two had executive skills deficits one in isolation and one in association with a below average intellectual capacity. The mutation caused a typical ARS ocular phenotype. All affected had iris hypoplasia, anterior iris to corneal adhesions, and corectopia. The ocular phenotype varied significantly in severity and showed some asymmetry. All affected also had redundant peri‐umbilical skin, a hypoplastic maxilla, microdontia, and hypodontia missing between 20 and 27 teeth with an unusual pattern of tooth loss. Dental phenotypes were documented as they are often poorly characterized in ARS patients. All affected individuals showed an absence of first permanent molars with variable absence of other rarely absent teeth: the permanent upper central incisors, maxillary and mandibular first and second molars, and the mandibular canines. Based on the distinctive dental anomalies, we suggest that the dental phenotype can assist in predicting the presence of aPITX2mutation and the possibility of brain abnormalities. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A genome‐wide linkage analysis of dementia in the Amish
Authors: Hahs Daniel W. , McCauley Jacob L. , Crunk Amy E. , McFarland Lynne L. , Gaskell Perry C. , Jiang Lan , Slifer Susan H. , Vance Jeffery M. , Scott William K. , Welsh‐Bohmer Kathleen A. , Johnson Stephanie R. , Jackson Charles E. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Haines Jonathan L.
Published: January 2006

Susceptibility genes for Alzheimer's disease are proving to be highly challenging to detect and verify. Population heterogeneity may be a significant confounding factor contributing to this difficulty. To increase the power for disease susceptibility gene detection, we conducted a genome‐wide genetic linkage screen using individuals from the relatively isolated, genetically homogeneous, Amish population. Our genome linkage analysis used a 407‐microsatellite‐marker map (average density 7 cM) to search for autosomal genes linked to dementia in five Amish families from four Midwestern U.S. counties. Our highest two‐point lod score (3.01) was observed at marker D4S1548 on chromosome 4q31. Five other regions (10q22, 3q28, 11p13, 4q28, 19p13) also demonstrated suggestive linkage with markers having two‐point lod scores >2.0. While two of these regions are novel (4q31 and 11p13), the other regions lie close to regions identified in previous genome scans in other populations. Our results identify regions of the genome that may harbor genes involved in a subset of dementia patients, in particular the North American Amish community. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Possible association of the alpha‐2A adrenergic receptor gene (ADRA2A) with symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Wang Bing , Wang Yufeng , Zhou Rulun , Li Jun , Qian Qiujin , Yang Li , Guan Lili , Faraone Stephen V.
Published: January 2006

A dysfunction of the central noradrenergic system has long been suggested to be involved in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Pharmacological evidence from animal studies and clinical practice has identified the alpha‐2A adrenergic receptor gene (ADRA2A) as a candidate gene in ADHD. Some findings from Caucasian populations seem to support a role for this gene in ADHD. The current study first examined the association of the ADRA2A MspI and DraI polymorphisms with ADHD in the Han Chinese population, which differs quite substantially from the Caucasian population in the frequencies of alleles at these polymorphisms. No biased transmission of alleles of either polymorphism was observed using transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis in a sample of 268 nuclear families with an ADHD proband; however, haplotype analysis only identified a trend toward over‐transmission of the M/C haplotype to probands with the combined subtype of ADHD (χ2 = 3.233, P = 0.072). The mm genotype of the MspI polymorphism was also marginally related (P = 0.051) to lower ADHD symptom scores in a sample of 559 Chinese children with ADHD, which is inconsistent with data from Caucasian samples. Our results provide weak evidence for a possible role of ADRA2A in ADHD symptom expression. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between tryptophan hydroxylase gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Chinese Han population
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Yufeng , Zhou Rulun , Zhang Haobo , Yang Li , Wang Bing , Faraone Stephen V.
Published: January 2006

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a severe behavioral disorder in children known to have a substantial genetic component. Prior studies have implicated serotonin genes in the etiology of ADHD but have not examined tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), which is a rate‐limiting enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis. The current study examined the relationship between the A218C and A‐6526G polymorphisms of the TPH gene and ADHD. Three hundred sixty‐two unrelated ADHD probands and their biological parents were recruited to participate in this study. No biased transmission of any allele of the two polymorphisms was observed using TDT analysis. However, haplotype analyses found that the rare 218A/‐6526G haplotype was significantly not transmitted to probands with ADHD (χ2 = 4.4995, P = 0.034), regardless of subtype. Although this finding for ADHD in the Chinese Han population. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyperprolinemia is not associated with childhood onset schizophrenia
Authors: Jacquet Hélène , Rapoport Judith L. , Hecketsweiler Bernadette , Bobb Aaron , Thibaut Florence , Frébourg Thierry , Campion Dominique
Published: January 2006

In a previous report [Jacquet et al., 2005] we have shown that mild to moderate hyperprolinemia resulting from several alterations (either a complete deletion or missense mutations) of the proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) gene located on chromosome 22q11 is a risk factor for schizoaffective disorder but not for DSM3 R schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. We now report that hyperprolinemia is not associated with childhood onset schizophrenia (COS). © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CAG repeats in restless legs syndrome
Authors: Konieczny Markus , Bauer Peter , Tomiuk Jürgen , Weisser Gabriele , Haan Jean , Berger Klaus , Riess Olaf , Schöls Ludger
Published: January 2006

Recent reports established an association of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) type 1, 2, and 3. To evaluate the contribution of SCA alleles to idiopathic RLS we investigated the CAG repeat length at the SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, and SCA17 loci in 215 patients who fulfilled the clinical criteria of RLS and presented periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) in polysomnographic recording. Fifty percent of patients had a positive family history of RLS. We found one intermediate (CAG)43 allele for SCA17 in a 44‐year‐old female with RLS starting at the age of 43. Neurologic examination and family history were unremarkable in this patient. Otherwise, allele distribution did not differ between RLS patients and healthy controls. Stratification for age, age of onset, sex, peripheral neuropathy, and sporadic or familial RLS revealed no effect. Thus, CAG repeat length in the investigated genes is not a major determinant of idiopathic or familial RLS. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Val66Met polymorphism of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor gene is associated with risk for psychosis: Evidence from a family‐based association study
Authors: Rosa Araceli , Cuesta Manuel J. , Fatjó‐Vilas Mar , Peralta Víctor , Zarzuela Amalia , Fañanás Lourdes
Published: January 2006

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a prevalent and severe mental disorder. One of the most favored hypotheses for the etiology of SZ is the neurodevelopmental hypothesis. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin growth factor family, promotes the development, regeneration, and survival of neurons and has been linked to the neuropathology of SZ. The present study tested, in a sample of 94 nuclear families, the hypothesis that the BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism is associated to SZ and its psychopathologic phenotype using a multidimensional symptom approach. Furthermore, considering a reported reduction of BDNF in the frontal cortex of patients with SZ, we studied the relationship between this polymorphism and prefrontal function. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) showed a preferential transmission of allele Val from heterozygous parents to the affected offspring (P = 0.002), suggesting a possible role of this gene in the vulnerability to SZ spectrum disorders. The findings remained essentially unchanged when the analysis was restricted to the subgroup of patients with SZ (P = 0.009) and when a multidimensional approach to the diagnosis was used. Quantitative transmission disequilibrium test (QTDT) analyses did not demonstrate a significant association between the prefrontal tests assessed (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Trail Making Test) and the transmission of the BDNF alleles. Our finding suggests that the investigated BDNF polymorphism plays an important role in the phenotype of psychosis, but not in the performance of tests of prefrontal cognitive functions analyzed in these patients. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics of the broader phenotype in autism: A study of siblings using the children's communication checklist‐2
Authors: Bishop Dorothy V.M. , Maybery Murray , Wong Dana , Maley Alana , Hallmayer Joachim
Published: January 2006

Non‐autistic relatives of people with autistic disorder have an increased risk of social and communicative difficulties: this is known as the “broad phenotype.” Better methods for characterizing the broad phenotype are needed to facilitate identification of risk genes for autism. 29 siblings of 20 children with autistic disorder, 13 siblings of 9 children with PDDNOS, and 46 typically developing control children from 26 families were assessed by parental report using the Children's Communication Checklist‐2 (CCC‐2). Groups were matched on age and IQ and siblings with autism were excluded. Group mean scores on the CCC‐2 differed on only one subscale, syntax. However, siblings of children with autism or PDDNOS were over‐represented in the tails of the distributions of several scales, and 10 (24%) scored more than 2 SD below the control mean on a total score based on all 10 subscales. Only two of these 10 children scored above threshold on one or more scales of the Autism Diagnostic Interview—Revised (ADI‐R). Children with abnormal scores on the CCC‐2 total were characterized by low‐verbal IQ and their fathers tended to score high on the social and communication scales of the Autism Quotient, a measure of the broad phenotype in adults. The CCC‐2 shows promise as a quick screening device for the broad phenotype in non‐autistic siblings of children with autism. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The association between behavior and genotype in Rett syndrome using the Australian Rett Syndrome Database
Authors: Robertson Laila , Hall Sonĵa E. , Jacoby Peter , Ellaway Carolyn , Klerk Nick de , Leonard Helen
Published: January 2006

This study compared the behavior profile of cases in the Australian Rett Syndrome Database (ARSD) with those in a British study using the Rett Syndrome Behavior Questionnaire (RSBQ) and then examined behavioral patterns as measured by the RSBQ by genetic status. There were 145 Australian cases meeting the criteria for the first arm of the study and 135 for the second arm. Comparison of the scores obtained from the British and Australian cohorts indicated that the RSBQ was a satisfactory measure for describing behaviors in Rett Syndrome (RS). Overall, there were some differences among the behavior patterns of cases with the well‐known common mutations. Fear/anxiety was more commonly reported in those with R133C and R306C. Those with the R294X mutation were more likely to have mood difficulties and body rocking but less likely to have hand behaviors and to display repetitive face movements. In contrast, hand behaviors were more commonly reported in those with R270X or R255X. We found the RSBQ is an appropriate instrument for measuring behavior in girls with RS. Some behaviors differ according to genetic mutation but there is both inter and intra mutation variation in behavior and there is a need for larger studies involving international collaboration to improve statistical power. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TPH gene polymorphism and aging: Indication of combined effect on the predisposition to violent suicide
Authors: Stefulj Jasminka , Kubat Milovan , Balija Melita , Jernej Branimir
Published: January 2006

Findings relating serotonin to suicidal behavior suggest the role of genes for tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the genetic substrate of this disorder. Association ofTph1gene and suicidality, despite considerable research efforts, remains controversial. Polymorphism A218C in intron 7 ofTph1gene was studied in violent suicide victims (N = 247) and controls (N = 320) of Slavic (Croatian) origin, with specific consideration of the influence of subjects' age. The frequency of, allegedly less active, CC genotype was increased in older (above 65 years) victims as compared to controls (P = 0.0126 and 0.0008, for comparison with age‐specific and integral control samples, respectively), while there were no differences between victims under 65 years and controls. Excess of the CC genotype in elderly victims of violent suicide points to the possible combined effect of the respective genetic factor and physiological changes during aging on the predisposition to this disorder. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Cys allele of the DRD2 Ser311Cys polymorphism has a dominant effect on risk for schizophrenia: Evidence from fixed‐ and random‐effects meta‐analyses
Authors: Glatt Stephen J. , Jönsson Erik G.
Published: January 2006

Previously we derived independent estimates of the effect of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) Ser311Cys polymorphism on risk for schizophrenia using fixed‐ and random‐effects meta‐analyses. Both analyses identified a significant association between the Cys allele and schizophrenia, but neither included all available data. Furthermore, genotype data were not evaluated in either analysis, thus precluding any determination of the mode of inheritance. The present study was conducted to resolve discrepancies between the existing meta‐analyses, and provide more comprehensive and accurate estimates of the nature and magnitude of the influence of the Ser311Cys polymorphism on risk for schizophrenia. All discrepancies between the two sets of previously meta‐analyzed studies were identified and resolved to the mutual satisfaction of the authors, and the final dataset was analyzed independently by fixed‐ and random‐effects meta‐analyses. A total of 27 samples, comprising 3,707 schizophrenia patients and 5,363 control subjects, were included in the analyses of allelic association, while smaller numbers of studies and subjects were included in each of the genotypic association analyses. A significant effect of the Cys allele was observed under both fixed‐effects (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4; P = 0.002) and random‐effects (OR = 1.4; P = 0.007) models. Cys/Ser heterozygotes were at elevated risk for schizophrenia when compared to Ser/Ser homozygotes (fixed‐ and random‐effects OR = 1.4, ps ≤ 0.005), but Cys/Cys homozygotes were at no elevated risk relative to heterozygotes (OR = 1.0, ps ≥ 0.948). There was no evidence of heterogeneity, excessive influence of any single study, or publication bias in any of the analyses, suggesting that the effect of this DRD2 polymorphism on schizophrenia risk is reliable and uniform across populations, and our estimates of its magnitude are robust and accurate. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic association between schizophrenia and the DISC1 gene in the Scottish population
Authors: Zhang Feng , Sarginson Jane , Crombie Caroline , Walker Nick , StClair David , Shaw Duncan
Published: January 2006

Several lines of evidence support the involvement of the disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene in schizophrenia susceptibility, including its original identification in a schizophrenia family with a chromosome translocation, several genetic association studies, and functional characterization of the gene product. In the present study, we have genotyped multiple SNP and microsatellite markers in a large Scottish case‐control sample. We identified two SNPs and one microsatellite that show significant association with schizophrenia. The strongest association is with a haplotype of SNPs rs751229 and rs3738401, located at the 5′ end of the gene; the C‐A haplotype of these SNPs is associated with a relative risk of schizophrenia of 5 in our population. We also observe association with a microsatellite in intron 7, but no association with markers toward the 3′ end of the gene. The results are in broad agreement with those of other genetic studies, but there are differences in terms of the precise patterns of association. This analysis further strengthens the candidacy of DISC1 as a risk factor for schizophrenia in the general population, and suggests that more intensive searching for causative variants is justified. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
XYY chromosome abnormality in sexual homicide perpetrators
Authors: Briken Peer , Habermann Niels , Berner Wolfgang , Hill Andreas
Published: January 2006

In a retrospective investigation of the court reports about sexual homicide perpetrators chromosome analysis had been carried out in 13 of 166 (7.8%) men. Three men (1.8%) with XYY chromosome abnormality were found. This rate is much higher than that found in unselected samples of prisoners (0.7–0.9%) or in the general population (0.01%). The three men had shown prepubescent abnormalities, school problems, and had suffered from physical abuse. The chromosome analysis in all cases had been carried out in connection with the forensic psychiatric court report due to the sexual homicide. However, two men had earlier psychiatric referrals. All were diagnosed as sexual sadistic, showed a psychopathic syndrome or psychopathy according to the Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised [Hare RD, 1991, The Hare Psychopathy Checklist‐Revised, Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Multi‐Health Systems]. Two were multiple murderers. Especially forensic psychiatrists should be vigilant of the possibility of XYY chromosome abnormalities in sexual offenders. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resolution of an intra‐coronary filling defect in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery demonstrated by 64‐slice multi‐detector computed tomography
Authors: Halon David A. , Rubinshtein Ronen , Shiran Avinoam , Lewis Basil S.
Published: January 2006

The evolution of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is not always clearly understood, and our understanding has been limited by the absence of serial information regarding the coronary vasculature in these patients. We describe a young patient with an acute inferior wall myocardial infarction in whom repeat multi‐detector computed tomographic scanning (MDCT), supported by invasive studies, revealed a transient filling defect in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery and nonobstructed circumflex and right coronary arteries. New generation 64‐slice MDCT scanning provides a new method for visualizing both the coronary lumen and coronary plaque, and may prove to be a useful tool in improving our understanding of the dynamics of ACS. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Palladium(II) Chloride and a (Dipyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amine‐Derived Palladium(II) Chloride Complex as Highly Efficient Catalysts for the Synthesis of Alkynes in Water or in NMP and of Diynes in the Absence of Reoxidant.
Authors: Gil‐Molto Juan , Najera Carmen
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Thioacyl 1,3‐Amino Alcohols: Synthesis via Ring‐Opening of Oxiranes with Thioamide Dianions and Applications as Key Intermediates Leading to Stereochemically Defined 5,6‐Dihydro‐4H‐1,3‐oxazines and 1,3‐Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Sano Hiroaki , Kawai Hiroyasu , Aso Hideo , Shibahara Fumitoshi
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Diastereoselective Alkylation of Aziridine‐2‐carboxylate Esters: Enantioselective Synthesis of LFA‐1 Antagonist BIRT‐377.
Authors: Patwardhan Aniruddha P. , Pulgam V. Reddy , Zhang Yu , Wulff William D.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of 2′‐Hydroxy‐5′‐(phenylazo)‐N‐ (1′′,3′′‐diketophenylamine)‐3‐chloroazetidin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Halve Anand K. , Gour Poonam , Dubey Rakesh , Bhadauria Deepti , Bhaskar Bhuwan
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 1‐Substituted 5‐Aryl‐3‐(3‐coumarinyl)‐2‐pyrazolines by the Reaction of 3‐Aryl‐1‐(3‐coumarinyl)propen‐1‐ones with Hydrazines.
Authors: Levai Albert , Jeko Jozsef , Brahmbhatt D. I.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient and Regiospecific Preparation of Trifluoromethyl Substituted 4‐(1H‐Pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐7‐chloroquinolines.
Authors: Bonacorso Helio G. , Cechinel Cleber A. , Oliveira Marli R. , Costa Michelle B. , Martins Marcos A. P. , Zanatta Nilo , Flores Alex F. C.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Possible Neighboring Group Participation of a Nitro‐Group in the Conversion of 3‐Hydroxymethyl‐2‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline into Its 3‐Chloromethyl Derivative.
Authors: Donaghy Michael J. , Stanforth Stephen P.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of α‐Carbolines by Copper‐Catalyzed Radical Cyclization of β‐(3‐Indolyl) Ketone O‐Pentafluorobenzoyloximes.
Authors: Tanaka Kenichi , Kitamura Mitsuru , Narasaka Koichi
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Azinyl Sulfides. Part 86. Derivatives of Some Cyclic 3,4‐Quinolinediyl Bis‐sulfides with N,N‐Dimethylcarbamoyl and N‐Methyl‐N‐formylaminomethyl Substituents in the 2‐Quinolinyl Position.
Authors: Maslankiewicz Andrzej , Michalik Ewa
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Expedient Parallel Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4‐heteroarylpyrimidines.
Authors: Bursavich Matthew G. , Lombardi Sabrina , Gilbert Adam M.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of 2‐Amino‐5‐methyl‐7H‐1,3,4‐thiadiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐7‐ones.
Authors: Safarov Saifidin , Kukaniev Muhamacho Ahmadovich , Kolshorn Heinz , Meier Herbert
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Reaction of Amino‐Imidazoles, ‐Pyrazoles and ‐Triazoles with α,β‐Unsaturated Nitriles.
Authors: Komykhov Sergey A. , Ostras Konstantin S. , Kostanyan Alvard R. , Desenko Sergey M. , Orlov Valery D. , Meier Herbert
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Discovery and in vitro Evaluation of Potent Kinase Inhibitors: Pyrido[1′,2′:1,5]pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines.
Authors: Alberti Michael J. , Auten Elizabeth P. , Lackey Karen E. , McDonald Octerloney B. , Wood Edgar R. , Preugschat Frank , Cutler Geoffrey J. , Kane‐Carson Laurie , Liu Wei , Jung David K.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Efficient Preparation of Functionalized Arylzinc or Thienylzinc Compounds from Aryl or Thienyl Chlorides Using Cobalt Catalysis.
Authors: Gosmini Corinne , Amatore Muriel , Claudel Stephanie , Perichon Jacques
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Four Diterpenoid Inhibitors of Cdc25B Phosphatase from a Marine Anemone.
Authors: Cao Shugeng , Foster Caleb , Lazo John S. , Kingston David G. I.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly β‐Selective Mannosylation Towards Manβ1‐4GlcNAc Synthesis: TMSB(C6F5)4 as a Lewis Acid/Cation Trap Catalyst.
Authors: Tanaka Shin‐ichi , Takashina Mamoru , Tokimoto Hiroomi , Fujimoto Yukari , Tanaka Katsunori , Fukase Koichi
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bioactive Compounds from the Indian Ocean Gorgonian Subergorgia suberosa (Pallas).
Authors: Subrahmanyam C. , Kumar S. Ratna , Reddy G. Damodar
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Xyloketal F (I): A Strong L‐Calcium Channel Blocker from the Mangrove Fungus Xylaria sp. (2508) from the South China Sea Coast
Authors: Lin Yong Cheng , et al. et al.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Formation of Five‐ and Six‐Membered Heterocyclic Rings under Radical Cyclization Conditions
Authors: Majumdar Krishna C. , Basu Pradipta K. , Mukhopadhyay Partha P.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recent Breakthroughs in Enantioselective Broensted Acid and Broensted Base Catalysis
Authors: Pihko Petri M.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Favorskii Rearrangement: Synthetic Applications
Authors: Guijarro D. , Yus M.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Novel β‐Amino Acids
Authors: Iqbal Javed , Das Saibal Kumar
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclobutane Biomolecules: Synthetic Approaches to Amino Acids, Peptides and Nucleosides
Authors: Ortuno Rosa M. , Moglioni Albertina G. , Moltrasio Graciela Y.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ketene Dithioacetals as Versatile Intermediates for One Carbon Homologation of Carbohydrates: Synthesis of 3‐Deoxy‐2‐ulosonic Acids
Authors: Mlynarski Jacek , Banaszek Anna
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Substituted Pyrrolidine and Piperidines for Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Toyooka Naoki , Nemoto Hideo
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Gene Synthesis on Microchips
Authors: Engels Joachim W.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation and Therapeutical Application of Radiopharmaka. Radiotherapeutics
Authors: Schmaljohann Joern , Biersack Hans‐Juergen , Guhlke Stefan
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Curved Pi‐Conjugation, Aromaticity, and the Related Chemistry of Small Fullerenes (<C60) and Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Lu Xin , Chen Zhongfang
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Moebius Aromaticity and Delocalization
Authors: Rzepa Henry S.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structures and Kinetic Stabilities of the Possible Complexes of Mononuclear Ni and (N2)x (x = 1—4)
Authors: Guan Jun , Li Qianshu
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystal Structure of the Ln7Cu3Te12 (Ln: Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm) Compounds.
Authors: Gulay L. D. , Olekseyuk I. D. , Pietraszko A.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
White‐Light Emission from Magic‐Sized Cadmium Selenide Nanocrystals.
Authors: Bowers Michael J. II , McBride James R. , Rosenthal Sandra J.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrochemical and Electronic Properties of Nanocrystalline TiNi1‐xMx (M: Mg, Mn, Zr; x = 0, 0.125, 0.25) Ternary Alloys.
Authors: Szajek A. , Makowiecka M. , Jankowska E. , Jurczyk M.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[Bi6F11]7+ — An Unusual, Highly Charged Bismuth Fluoro Complex in (Se4)[Bi6F11] [AsF6]9×10SO2.
Authors: Beck Johannes , Steden Folker
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
CuH in a Bottle: A Convenient Reagent for Asymmetric Hydrosilylations.
Authors: Lipshutz Bruce H. , Frieman Bryan A.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diastereoselective Alkylation of Chiral 2‐Imidazolidinone Glycolates: Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Hydroxy Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Chun Chong Chul , Lee Gue‐Jae , Kim Jae Nyoung , Kim Taek Hyeon
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Bipyridyl Palladium Complex Covalently Anchored onto Silica as an Effective and Recoverable Interphase Catalyst for the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols.
Authors: Karimi Babak , Zamani Asghar , Clark James H.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Deprotection of Benzyl Ethers Using 2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐p‐benzoquinone (DDQ) under Photoirradiation.
Authors: Rahim Mohammad Abdur , Matsumura Shuichi , Toshima Kazunobu
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Coupling of Arenesulfonates with Primary Alkylmagnesium Halides.
Authors: Cho Chul‐Hee , Sun Myungchul , Park Kwangyong
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
NaBH4—InCl3‐Mediated One‐Pot Chemo‐ and Stereoselective Decarboxylative Reduction of α‐Aza gem‐Dicarboxylate Esters to Monoalcohols.
Authors: Haldar Pranab , Ray Jayanta K.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Novel Enantiopure Fluorinated Building Blocks from Acyclic Chiral Allylsilanes.
Authors: Tredwell Matthew , Tenza Kenny , Pacheco Ma. Carmen , Gouverneur Veronique
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Some Novel Pharmacologically Active Schiff Bases Using Microwave Method and Their Derivatives Formazans by Conventional Method.
Authors: Desai Krunal G. , Desai K. R.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chiral Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydropyridines: γ‐Aminobutyric Acid Uptake Inhibitor Analogues.
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Burghardt Thomas E. , Bland‐Berry Layla
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity Studies on Some Fluorine‐Containing Quinoline‐4‐carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives.
Authors: Holla B. Shivarama , Poojary K. Narayana , Poojary Boja , Bhat K. Subrahmanya , Kumari N. Suchetha
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of 9‐Arylpolyhydroacridine Derivatives in an Ionic Liquid Medium.
Authors: Li Yu‐Ling , Zhang Mei‐Mei , Wang Xiang‐Shan , Shi Da‐Qing , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Wei Xian‐Yong , Zong Zhi‐Min
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.