bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Error report for: Hehman et al. (2018).
Authors: ERROR
Published: January 2025

DECISION AND RECOMMENDATION Hehman et al. (2018) “Disproportionate Use of Lethal Force in Policing Is Associated With Regional Racial Biases” was determined to contain a Major Error that affects a core conclusion. Specifically, the conclusion in the Abstract – “Results indicate that only the implicit racial prejudices and stereotypes of White residents, beyond major demographic covariates, are associated with disproportionally more use of lethal force with Blacks relative to regional base rates of Blacks in the population.“ — is unsupported upon reexamination of the assumptions behind the applied model. An intuitive reading would lead the reader to think that the relationship between White people’s scores on the Black/White Racial Prejudice IAT and police killings of Black people cannot be explained through demographic covariates. However, the use of a difference of proportions variable as the regression outcome did not effectively adjust for the Black population base rate. A reformulated regression model that accounts for base rates more effectively finds no significant relationship between Black/White Racial Prejudice IAT scores and police killings of Black people. Therefore, the results for racial prejudice did not, in fact, hold “beyond major demographic covariates”. However, the result that scores on the Black/White Weapons Stereotype IAT predict police killings of Black people was still significant after effectively accounting for the base rate of Black people in the population.As such, the detected errors rise to the level where I recommend that the authors seek a correction notice. Following the ERROR project’s emergent guidelines, the recommendations associated with this decision are as follows: - The report, author response, and recommendation have been posted on the ERROR website (https://error.reviews/reviews/hehman-et-al-2018/) and as a preprint on PsyArXiv. Their associated materials have been posted to OSF (see https://osf.io/abyqs/).- The authors are asked to recognize these errors in future discussions of the article. - The authors are recommended to pursue a correction with the journal.
Knowledge without belief
Authors: Phillips Jonathan Scott
Published: January 2025

Five studies investigate the relationship between evaluations of knowledge and belief in theory of mind and demonstrate that evaluations of knowledge are made in the absence of evaluations of belief. Our studies find that (1) people can accurately evaluate others’ knowledge before they evaluate their beliefs, (2) this pattern extends to participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder and cannot be explained by pragmatic differences in knowledge and belief ascriptions, (3) it also occurs cross-linguistically and is not accounted for by differences in word frequency, (4) it generalizes to the larger class of factive and non-factive attitudes (to which knowledge and belief respectively belong), and using fMRI data, (5) that the neural response that occurs when making evaluations of others’ beliefs is absent when making similar evaluations of knowledge. Together, these studies demonstrate that human adults can attribute or deny knowledge states without first evaluating belief states. At a broad level, these findings suggest that knowledge representation is distinct from belief representation and offers a conceptually primitive way to represent others’ minds.
Associations between Occupational Homogamy and Career Success among 253 Well-Known French-Speaking Singers
Authors: Ribotta Blandine , Hilpert Peter , Lemaitre Bruno
Published: January 2025

In creative fields, individual talent is often considered paramount for success. However, forming social bonds, particularly romantic relationships with influential individuals, may also play a crucial role in career advancement. In this study, we investigate the impact of engaging in romantic relationships with partners working in similar occupations (referred as ‘occupation homogamy’), as well as with famous partners, on career success in one creative industry. The French music industry, known for its numerous high-profile creative couples, provides a compelling context for this exploration. We conducted a web-based analysis of biographical data from 253 prominent French-speaking singers born in the 20th century, examining the timing of their musical hits and the formation of romantic relationships. Data were sourced from Wikipedia, press articles, and the Infodisc database, which lists musical success records in France since 1900. We assessed sex differences in initial and sustained career success relative to the partner’s occupation and fame. Our findings reveal that forming a romantic relationship with a partner in a similar occupation is significantly associated with career success. Notably, a considerable proportion of singers, especially women, entered romantic relationships with similar occupational partners before their first hit, with a smaller yet significant fraction partnering with already famous individuals. This study suggests that beyond talent and passion, forming a creative collaborative couple can both promote and accompany a rise in the occupational hierarchy, particularly in this competitive industry.
Statistical learning in childhood: dimensions, developmental trajectory, and relation with cognitive control
Authors: Johnston Matthew , Dolan Jessica , Nemeth Dezso , Chevalier Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Compared to other developmental processes, such as cognitive control, there is relatively little consensus on the developmental trajectory of statistical learning (the ability to implicitly extract environmental regularities). The literature is further complicated as statistical learning may comprise distinct subtypes, differing in the regularities being tracked. Three statistical learning abilities and cognitive control were assessed in 187 5-12-year-olds (42.8% female, 84.6% White). The ability to extract cue-based and nonadjacent statistics was age-invariant, whereas adjacent dependency extraction yielded a greater benefit in younger than older children. There was only weak evidence of an association with cognitive control, despite research suggesting that immature top-down guidance facilitates statistical learning. Importantly, the different subtypes were uncorrelated, supporting the notion that statistical learning is multifaceted.
A unified framework for reliability analysis in neuroimaging with Krippendorff’s α
Authors: Vinding Mikkel C.
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes using Krippendorff’s α for reliability analysis of neuroimaging data. Reliability analysis quantifies data robustness and is crucial for ensuring consistent results across different analysis pipelines or methods. Krippendorff’s α is a versatile statistic that works with nominal, ordinal, interval, and other data types, handling any number of raters and missing data. It measures the ratio between observed and expected agreement among raters using coincidence matrices.The paper explains how to calculate α and provides MATLAB code for implementation and examples of use on neuroimaging data. It includes a computationally efficient method for calculating α and a faster approximation method that maintains the logic of the exact test suited for large datasets usually found in neuroimaging. The uncertainty of the test statistic is calculated by bootstrapping. This work aims to simplify reliability analysis in neuroimaging, making it accessible for researchers.
How do older adults correct memory errors? The effects of practice and metacognitive strategies
Authors: Montoro Nuria , Maraver María J. , MARFUL ALEJANDRA , Bajo María Teresa
Published: January 2025

Older adults often show increased susceptibility to false memories when compared to younger adults, in part because of the age-related decline in executive functions. In a study on younger adults, Mullet and Marsh (2016) used sentences with pragmatic implications to elicit false memories, and demonstrated that memory errors can be corrected, but only when they are noticed and replaced after corrective feedback. However, the effect of feedback on the correction of false memories has not yet been tested in older adults – a key question given the increased vulnerability of older adults to memory errors. For that purpose, we conducted two experiments comparing younger and older participants and two different types of feedback: simply providing the correct answer or giving the correct answer plus a follow-up question that forced participants to revise their previous responses. In Experiment 1, participants performed pre- and post-feedback memory tests (as in Mullet & Marsh, 2016), with an additional and novel study-recall phase to new non-studied material. This transfer of learning strategies was further investigated in Experiment 2, where an additional phase (including pre- and post-feedback tests) was added to train participants in the use of metacognitive strategies. Results showed that both age groups can improve correct recall and reduce memory errors, but also, older adults were the ones who benefitted the most from repeated practice and feedback, demonstrating a transfer of learning strategies to non-studied material. We highlight the role of engaging in effortful memory strategies to promote better learning during adulthood and aging.
Metatheoretical and epistemological investigation of the criteria of adequacy and optimisation of science communication to the general public
Authors: Barboianu Catalin
Published: January 2025

Within educational science and communication science, the concepts of scientific literacy and effectiveness of science communication have been intensely debated in relation to the free types of education, but the research did not focus on the specificity of their target (the general public) in relation to the specificity of their object (science). In general, research maintained an exclusively externalist view for these concepts and associated them with the complexity and diversity of teaching science and less with the epistemic dimension of science communication as a transfer of understandable knowledge in particular conditions.This prospected research advances an internalist view on these concepts, aiming to answer the question of whether science communication (with a conceptual meaning that embeds understanding, message, and goal) to the general public is possible and in what form, within an epistemological theoretical framework.
Agenda setting and The Emperor’s New Clothes: people diagnose information cascades during sequential testimony by reasoning about informants’ speaking order and social status
Authors: Richardson Emory , Davis Isaac , Keil Frank
Published: January 2025

Consensus-based social learning strategies often outcompete other strategies in evolutionary models. But while formal proofs suggest that consensus’ reliability is compromised when individual judgments are not independent, this makes for a notoriously implausible assumption in the biological world: the people we learn from are constantly learning from each other as well. How do we avoid being misled by consensus? We present three experiments and a computational model examining commonsense reasoning about how people’s public and private judgments are influenced by the consensus and social status of those around them. Results suggest that while people realize that these two factors can cause others’ public and private judgments to diverge, their own trust in public consensus depends on how accurately they believe it reflects their informants’ true beliefs.
Poor People's Access to Formal Financial Services
Authors: Shrestha Bijaya , Adhikari Naveen
Published: January 2025

Available with full text.
Assessing the Role of Digital Literacy in Investment Decisions among Graduate Business Students in Nepal: The Mediating Effects of Peer Group Influence
Authors: Subedi Dhurba Prasad , Bhandari Dilli Ram
Published: January 2025

In the evolving landscape of global finance, digital literacy has emerged as a critical determinant of investment decision-making among graduate business students in Nepal. This research explores the intricate interplay between digital literacy and investment decisions, focusing specifically on how peer group influence mediates this relationship. To achieve the stated objective, data were collected from the primary source using a structured questionnaire administered through purposive sampling technique. The respondents comprised 175 business graduate students studying inside the Kathmandu valley who invest in Nepalese market using digital platform. The SmartPLS 4.0 was used to analyze the structural relationships within the proposed theoretical model. The findings of this study validated the set hypotheses that digital literacy significantly impacts investment decisions, that students who are more digitally literate are better equipped to make informed investment choices. Moreover, the study reveals that peer group influence plays a crucial mediating role in the relationship between digital literacy and investment decisions. Findings from this study aim to contribute to the literature on financial literacy and behavioral finance by providing insights into the mechanisms through which digital literacy and social influences shape investment choices.
Inventory and Assessment of Flowering Plants in the Sanobharyang Area of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Chataut Gajendra Prasad , Paudel Basudev , Sharma Krishna Prasad
Published: January 2025

Documentation of flowering plants was carried out in the Sanobharyang area of Kathmandu, Nepal by direct observation method. Altogether 158 species of flowering plants with 138 genera and 60 families were recorded. Among these families Asteraceae had the highest number of species while 29 families had only one species each. Out of the total, 84 (52%) species were native and 74 (48%) species were non native including 10 (6%) invasive alien plant species. This study shows that a significant number of flowering plants can be conserved by maintaining the open spaces in the public places, roadsides and home gardens even in the densely populated part of the city.
Kommentare angehender Archiv-, Bibliotheks- und Informationsassistent*innen zum Entwurf des Ethikkodex der VÖB
Authors: Lemberger Thomas , Metego-Wambali Michaela , Moser Micah , Nahlik Finn
Published: January 2025

nicht verfügbar
قياس فجوة تطبيق ابعاد القيادة اليقظة في المنظمات العامة دراسة حالة في وزارة العمل/ دائرة العمل والتدريب المهني
Authors: عادل عبد الودود طاهر
Published: January 2025

تهدف الدراسة الى قياس مدى التطبيق والتبني للقيادة اليقظة في المنظمات العامة وقد اشتقت مشكلة الدراسة النظرية من وجود فجوه معرفية وذلك لقلة الدراسات والبحوث التي تناولت متغير الدراسة بأبعاده (الرؤية المحيطية, التمكين, الشبكات بين اعضاء الفريق, التركيز, الميل للتعامل مع حالات عدم التأكد) اعتمدت الدراسة منهج دراسة الحالة عن طريق استعمال استمارة الفحص في المنظمة التي تم اختيارها دائرة العمل والتدريب المهني بسبب اهميتها في تقديم الخدمات الانسانية ، إذ تم اختيار وزارة العمل والشؤون الاجتماعية كمجتمع كبير للدراسة، اما عينة الدراسة فقد كانت قصدية بلغ عددها (50) مدير من الادارات الإشرافية (مدير ادارة، مدير شعبة، مسؤول وحدة)،اما ابرز النتائج فقد كانت وجود فجوة في التطبيق والتبني للقيادة اليقظة في مجتمع الدراسة.
To Continue Using Other Means
Authors:   Leading Researcher, Institute for International Studies, MGIMO University, Silaev Nikolai Yu.
Published: January 2025

If negotiations take place and yield a result, a credible threat to Kiev must remain constantly
present, as the history of Russian-Ukrainian relations knows no other way to force Ukraine to
honor its commitments—hence Russia’s demand for Ukraine’s demilitarization.
The Sino-American Battle for the Moon
Authors:   Junior Research Fellow, Ermakov Alexander S. ,   Strategic Analysis and Forecasting Sector, Center for International Security,   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations
Published: January 2025

The leading spacefaring powers have recently focused on the Moon as the closest target with
which to begin extraterrestrial expansion. The U.S. and China have launched ambitious programs
to build lunar bases. Large international blocs are forming around these initiatives as space
exploration becomes increasingly politicized after a period of global cooperation.
A Narrow Dichotomy: The Future Beyond Tradition and Modernity
Authors:   Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Philosophy and Law, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Davydov Dmitry A.
Published: January 2025

Tradition is not the only possible source of an antidote to hypertrophied individualism; one
might be found, this article suggests, in rethinking communism, which could form the basis for
new modernization projects that consolidate society and resist cultural entropy. But this first
requires reconsideration of Western leftist political thought, which has abandoned universal
solidarity in favor of social fragmentation via myriad identity politics.
The Behavior of Particularistic and Universalistic States
Authors:   Research Fellow, School of International Affairs, National Research University – Higher School of Economics, Royce Dylan Payne
Published: January 2025

This
article
proposes
a
Theory
of
State
Behavior’s
Determination
Particularistic/Universalistic Identity-Morality-Ideology. States with particularistic identity-
morality-ideologies (IMIs) are free (but not guaranteed) to pursue their vital-realpolitik (VR)
interests via realpolitik. But states with universalistic IMIs, such as Cosmopolitan-Liberalism or
Communism, are driven by them (and other psychological factors) to pursue much more than
just their VR interests, via non-realpolitik means. This causes universalists to impinge upon other
states’ interests far more often than needed to defend the universalists’ own VR interests.
Analisis Kepastian Hukum Jaminan Sosial Ketenagakerjaan Bagi Gig Worker Pada Era Gig Economy Di Indonesia
Authors: Stevania Maudy , Hoesin Siti Hajati
Published: January 2025

This research aims to analyze the legal relations and the legal certainty of social security for gig workers. The issue focuses on the uncertainty of the legal relations and the protection of workers social security for gig workers. Indonesia does not have regulations that govern protection for gig workers, while the growth of gig workers in Indonesia is very rapid. Many companies that provide platform for gig workers to work classify gig workers as partners not as an employee. This partnership results in gig workers not receiving the same protection as a regular worker. Data were collected through doctrinal methods and analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that the legal relationship between gig workers and companies is often categorized as a partnership relationship. Therefore, to provide legal certainty of employment social security for gig workers, the government need to review the current regulations or create specific regulations to determine work relationships between gig workers and the company that hired them, creating specific regulations for gig workers, also giving a socialization and education for gig workers about the importance of social security to increase their awareness.
Systematic Literature Review: Manifestasi Metode Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) Pada UU No. 17 Tahun 2023 Tentang Kesehatan
Authors: Khasanofa Auliya , Khariri Agus Al
Published: January 2025

The research aims to find out the main essence of RIA as an assessment tool for laws and regulations in Indonesia, especially regulations related to the Health Law. When viewed based on previous reviews, it is clear that in the process of forming laws and regulations in Indonesia, improvements are needed to the codification stage. This is done so that the legal products issued can apply efficiently. In the scope of the health world, Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health has attracted a lot of analytical attention because it introduces new guidelines to the health regulation system. The research method used is normative legal research with an analytical descriptive approach which is then analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study show that to regulate the authority and responsibilities of health workers, improve the quality of health services, including providing protection to the community. Currently, the law-making process focuses more on compiling legal texts that comply with legal provisions, with a focus on conformity and compliance with higher regulations. This often ignores other aspects that are also important. Therefore, the Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) method is important for policy makers to assess how much the costs are compared to the benefits of the regulations made.
Notary’s Liability for Nominee Agreement on The Ownership of Land Rights by Foreigners in Bali
Authors: Rani Ayu Sitha Radha
Published: January 2025

The increasingly rapid development of the tourism sector in Bali has caused many people to want to live in Bali, including people from outside Indonesia who want to own land to use as a residence or business in the tourism sector in Bali. However, laws and regulations in Indonesia strictly prohibit this as stated in the UUPA. The high desire of foreign nationals to own land in Bali means that there are many ways to avoid existing regulations. The loopholes in the UUPA regulations have given rise to name borrowing agreements by foreign citizens so that their desire to own land in Bali can be realized. A normative juridical approach is used in this research as a research method. Legal materials were collected through inventory procedures and identification of statutory regulations using literature review data as the research techniques. The research results show that an authentic deed made by a notary gives rise to civil and criminal legal consequences, this is because the making of the agreement constitutes legal contravention which is clearly contrary to existing regulations, especially the UUPA, and based on the Civil Code, the agreement is null and void. As the maker of an authentic deed of a nominee agreement, a notary also has an unavoidable responsibility in the form of compensation if there are losses incurred as a result of the agreement. The notary can be criminalized for making false statements in a deed that is authentic/has legal force, in terms of responsibility. According to the notary's code of ethics, the notary may receive a reprimand, suspension and dismissal either honorably or dishonorably according to the results of the notary's code of ethics trial.
THE IMPACT OF VERTICAL COLLECTIVE HOUSING ON SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN CONSTANTINE CITY
Authors: Maanser Imad  , Adad Mohamed Cherif  , Bendebbache Zine
Published: January 2025

This research examines how vertical and collective housing in Constantine city affects residents' habits, traditions, and social relationships. We investigate the impact of these space-efficient architectural models on social dynamics and urban living patterns.
Vertical construction and collective housing have emerged as preferred solutions to urban housing challenges, offering pragmatic answers to urgent shelter needs. However, the transition to high-rise and communal living presents residents with a markedly different lifestyle, often conflicting with their established cultural and social norms.
Our study explores this sociological shift, examining how residents adapt to their new environment in vertical and collective housing. We investigate how this transition reshapes community interactions and traditional practices within Constantine's urban fabric.
«Запоминалки» или веселые правила чтения по-французски
Authors: Козаренко О.М.
Published: January 2025

Пособие написано для начинающих изучать французский язык в школе, вузе или самостоятельно.
Основные правила французской орфографии представлены в нем в виде коротких и веселых стихотворений в сопровождении занимательных иллюстраций. Это поможет легко запомнить правила чтения, а значит, быстро и без ошибок научиться читать по-французски.
Правила-стихотворения сопровождаются подборкой слов и фраз для чтения и закрепления каждого правила.
Пособие поможет школьным учителям, преподавателям вузов и репетиторам французского языка сделать занятия эффективными и яркими.
Prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. em equinos da cidade de Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Feitosa Lauro Cesar , Gomes Brenda Beatriz , Rodrigues Ana Raquel Rocha , Souza Larissa Alves , Catenacci Lilian Silva , Tenório Taciana Galba da Silva , Mineiro Ana Lys Bezerra Barradas
Published: January 2025

Leptospirosis is a global zoonosis that manifests in horses mainly through fever, pulmonary hemorrhage, abortions and other reproductive disorders. This study aimed to estimate the occurrence of antibodies for Leptospira spp. in horse serum from Bom Jesus, using the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) as the diagnostic method. For this purpose, 52 blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture, centrifuged to obtain serum, and then subjected to the MAT. A total of 22 of the most prevalent serovars were used for comparison. Of the 52 samples analyzed, 96.1% (50/52) tested positive for one or more of the serovars used, with serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae (28.0%), Copenhageni (16.0%), Hardjo (16.0%), Wolffi (14.0%), Castellonis (12.0%), Grippotyphosa (8.0%), Pyrogenes (2.0%), Canicola (2.0%) and Pomona (2.0%) being identified. None of the horses showed clinical symptoms of leptospirosis, but 9 samples tested positive. Thus, Leptospira spp. represents a serious threat to public health, as it represents a risk for contamination of animals and humans present in this region.
Predictors of Unfavorable Prognosis in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Who Have Undergone Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors:   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Kolodina D.A. ,   Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Belyaeva O.D. ,   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Berkovich O.A. ,   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Aim. To identify predictors of unfavorable course of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Design. Prospective observation.
Materials and methods. A prospective observation of 24 months to identify predictors of unfavorable course of CAD included 98 patients who underwent CABG. Median age — 63 (56; 68) years. The concentration of blood plasma glucose, lipid parameters, insulin, uric acid, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) in the blood serum, the insulin resistance index, the level of expression of microRNA-21 in the blood plasma and myocardium, relative level of messenger RNA FABP4 gene in epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue were determined. The development of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction (MI), bypass thrombosis/functionally significant bypass restenosis, increase in myocardial dysfunction, acute ischemic cerebrovascular accident, and death were taken as the major adverse cardiac events (MACE).
Results. Over the course of 24 months, 15 (15.3%) patients (11 men (73.3%) and 4 (26.7%) women) with CAD who underwent CABG achieved the MACE. The median follow-up time before the occurrence of MACE was 11.1 (10.5; 11.9) months. Among all MACE, 7 patients had a fatal outcome, 3 had shunt thrombosis, 4 had hemodynamically significant stenosis of an artery that had not previously undergone bypass/stenting and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention, 1 had an acute ischemic cerebrovascular accident. The risk of the onset of MACE in patients with CAD who underwent CABG was determined by such factors as type 2 diabetes mellitus, the presence of zones of impaired local myocardial contractility, and the risk of the most “hard” end point — death, in addition to these factors was associated with obesity, hyperuricemia, with the onset of CAD with MI and an increase in the level of FABP4 in the blood serum. Increasing serum FABP4 levels significantly reduces the risk of death.
Conclusion. In patients with CAD who have undergone CABG, the most significant factors determining the onset of MACE during the first 24 months are type 2 diabetes mellitus and the presence of zones of impaired local myocardial contractility, which, along with such factors as obesity, hyperuricemia, and a history indicating the onset of CAD with MI and an increase in serum FABP4 levels are associated with an increased risk of death.
Keywords: fatty acid binding protein 4, FABP4 gene, subcutaneous adipose tissue, epicardial adipose tissue, microRNA-21, coronary artery disease, coronary artery bypass grafting, hyperuricemia.
Asthenia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Real-Time Clinical Practice
Authors:   Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Pronina E.A. ,   Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation,   Krasnoyarsk Interregional Clinical Hospital of Urgent Medical Care named after N.S. Karpovich; Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Shimokhina N.Yu. ,   Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University; Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Petrova M.M. ,   Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University; Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Aim. To study the incidence and risk factors associated with asthenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in real-time clinical practice.
Design. Cross-sectional clinical study.
Materials and methods. 2373 patients were examined for symptoms of asthenia in outpatient settings; these patients were followed up by primary care physician therapeutics for chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD). A group of DM2 patients (n = 527) was separated from this cohort. All patients were interviewed; their medical information was collected; their systems and organs were examined; and medical records were reviewed. A diagnosis of CNCD was confirmed on the basis of results and current clinical recommendations. Asthenia and its intensity were identified using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory 20 (MFI-20) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS).
Results. The incidence of asthenia in DM2 patients was 38.52 % (n = 203) on MFI-20 and 26.76 % (n = 141) on FSS. The most common disorders on MFI-20 were: General Asthenia (20.11 %; n = 106), Physical Asthenia (16.13 %; n = 85) and Hypoactivity (13.09 %; n = 69). Presence of symptoms of asthenia in DM2 patients was associated with elderly age (60.0 (48.0; 68.0) vs. 53.0 (45.0; 64.0) years old in patients without asthenia; р < 0.0001) and multimorbidity: a history of acute myocardial infarction was observed in 7.88 % of patients with asthenia vs. 0.62 % of patients without asthenia (p < 0.00001), acute cerebrovascular accident — 5.91 % vs. 0.31 % (p < 0.0001),
malignancies — 15.76 % vs. 1.54 % (p < 0.000001). DM2 patients with symptoms of asthenia were more often smokers vs. patients without asthenia (30.05 % and 20.68 %, respectively; p < 0.05), monitored their blood pressure regularly (65.02 % and 49.07 %; p < 0.001), took antihypertensives (45.32 % and 25.00 %; p < 0.00001) and statins regularly (34.48 % and 15.74 %; p < 0.00001).
Conclusion. Asthenia is common in DM2 patients seeking outpatient medical assistance. Age-associated multimorbidity requiring longterm sophisticated treatment strategies and constant control of a number of parameters is probably one of the causes of asthenia in this patient category.
Keywords: asthenia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, risk factors.
APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF USING GRAIN PRODUCTION COSTS
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, M.Т. Lukyanova , V.Sh. Toponova ,   Bishkek Agroeconomic College named after S. Tursunov
Published: January 2025

The economic crisis caused by the global pandemic and the catastrophic rise in energy
prices is leading to a decrease in the population's effective demand, which affects the
standard of living of most population groups, reduces the profitability of production
and aggravates the state budget deficit. In these conditions, the primary task is to
provide the population with food, a significant share of which is provided by the crop
production industry. Crop production produces grain, forage crops, vegetables and
fruits. But the most important area of crop production is the production of grain and
leguminous products, since it not only serves as the basis for the production of basic
food products of plant origin, but also provides feed for the livestock industry.
ANALYSIS OF TAXATION OF SMALL BUSINESSES UNDER THE SIMPLIFIED TAXATION SYSTEM
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, G.R. Nigmatullina , T.N. Lubova ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, T.D. Gilmanov ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University, A.F. Galeev ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: January 2025

This study examines the indicators of economic activity of small enterprises in the
Russian Federation. There is a strategy for the development of small and medium-sized
enterprises until 2030, which includes the main socio-economic indicators. Financial
resources of enterprises play a limited role in the national economy and are described
as economic relations between enterprises, carried out in monetary form and serving to
meet the financial needs of economic entities. The success and development of small
business significantly depend on the ability to finance and attract the necessary capital.
Capital is needed both at the stage of creation and start-up of the enterprise (fixed
capital) and for financing current activities (working capital). Limited financial
resources are one of the main characteristics of small business, therefore, the search for
the necessary monetary resources and effective management of them become the main
problems for most small firms.
STUDY OF EMPLOYMENT AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, G.A. Salimova
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of the current state of
life of the population and the development of production in rural areas. The
employment level of the population living in rural areas of the regions of the Russian
Federation is analyzed. A system of indicators for analysis is developed. The results
made it possible to determine that the growth of the employment level in rural areas is
ensured by attracting investments in increasing fixed capital, carried out at the expense
of the municipal budget per 1 rural resident. Providing territories with investments
leads to an increase in the commissioning of residential buildings, then to the
development of the village, an increase in the well-being of rural residents. Clusters of
regions are formed according to the selected indicators. Recommendations are given
for the regions of each cluster.
MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ELECTRIC DRIVE OF A BELT CONVEYOR BASED ON A LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, I.R. Kafiev
Published: January 2025

This article is devoted to the issue of constructing the mechanical characteristics
of an electric drive of a belt conveyor based on a linear induction motor under various
control laws. To solve this problem, a block diagram of the control system for this
electric drive has been developed, the parameters of an equivalent electric drive based
on an asynchronous rotation motor have been determined, a mathematical model of
this electric drive has been developed in Matlab(Simulink), and the mechanical
characteristics of a linear electric drive have been constructed under various control
laws. The model uses a frequency converter with an uncontrolled rectifier and a
controlled voltage inverter. Simulation of an equivalent frequency-controlled induction
motor was carried out for three control laws. From the obtained graphs of the
mechanical characteristics of the linear electric drive it is clear that the most preferable
control law for regulating the speed of movement of cargo by a belt conveyor is when
the ratio of the supply voltage to the frequency.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF METHODS OF TREATMENT OF ACUTE ENDOMETRITIS IN COWS
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Z.Z. Ilyasova , V.A. Zolina ,   GBU Blagoveshchensk district and city veterinary station of the Republic of Bashkortostan, R.B. Valitova ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: January 2025

Among cattle diseases, diseases of the genital organs occupy a special place in
livestock farms, which aggravate the prognosis for other infectious and non-infectious
diseases. Untimely treatment of endometritis can cause infertility in cows, which
requires long and expensive treatment. Pathogenic microorganisms complicate the
process of treating animals with acute postpartum endometritis. Domestic and foreign
scientists are constantly conducting research on the effectiveness of antimicrobial
therapeutic drugs for the treatment of cows with uterine inflammation, including drugs
for intrauterine administration. Treatment of cows with postpartum endometritis and
mastitis is effective if used in a comprehensive manner and aimed at all aspects of the
pathological process. As a result of the research and analysis of the data obtained, it
was found that the therapeutic effectiveness of two methods of treating acute
postpartum endometritis was 100%. A good therapeutic efficacy is demonstrated by
the combined treatment with Viapen emulsion, oxytocin and Vitam (Group 2): on the
5th day, the exudate discharge from the external genitals ceased, appetite returned and
the general condition of the animals improved. A high therapeutic efficacy is
demonstrated by the combined use of the antibacterial drug Nitox 200, oxytocin,
iodopen and Vitam (Group 1): already on the 3rd day, the exudate discharge from the
external genitals ceased, the temperature returned to normal (t 38.5°C), appetite
returned and the general condition of the animals improved.
ANALYSIS OF THERAPEUTIC EFFICIENCY OF COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT OF SEROUS MASTITIS IN COWS
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Z.Z. Ilyasova , R.R. Ilyasova ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: January 2025

Mastitis in cows is one of the most significant problems of modern milk
production. The disease can affect one lobe, several lobes or the entire udder. This
disease not only causes pain to the animal, but also leads to production losses, since
milk production is significantly reduced during the treatment period. As a result of the
studies, it was found that in cows of group 1, normalization of body temperature, pulse
and respiration occurred on the 5th day, while in animals of group 2, stabilization of
these indicators was recorded already on the 3rd day. Clinical signs of cows with serous
mastitis changed during the treatment. Thus, in animals of group 1, the clinical picture
normalized on the 5th day of the study: local temperature returned to normal, swelling
of the affected quarter of the udder was mild, the consistency of the udder is soft, there
are no seals, appetite is good. The Masttest is negative. In cows of the 2nd group, the
clinical picture normalized already on the 3rd day of the study: local udder temperature
is normal, there is no pain, swelling or hyperemia, the udder consistency is soft, there
are no compactions, appetite is good. The Masttest test is negative.
INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON POTATO YIELD IN THE CONDITIONS OF "GKFKH MUSIN I.R." ILISHEVSKY DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, F.F. Avsakhov , N.G. Kurmasheva ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: January 2025

Potatoes are the most important food product for the population of the Republic of
Bashkortostan and are needed all year round. During the research at the "GKFH Musin
I.R." Ilishevsky district, it was determined that, on average, over two years of research
(2022-2023), the use of mineral fertilizers on the Aspiya variety showed maximum
efficiency at a dose of N120P120K120, where the yield was 31,1 t / ha. The Alekseevsky
variety had the highest yield on average over two years in the variant with a dose of
fertilizers N120P120K120 and amounted to 33,7 t / ha, which is 8,3 t / ha higher than the
control variant. The use of fertilizers in the studied doses did not lead to a significant
decrease in product quality. In the tubers of the Alekseevsky variety, the dry matter
content varied from 22,5 to 23,3 %, in the variant with the Aspiya variety from 21,4 to
21,8 % and did not depend on the dose of fertilizers used. The starch content on average
over two years on the Aspiya variety varied from 13,6 to 14,5 %, and on the
Alekseevsky variety 13,5-15,2 %. The nitrate content on average over two years on the
Aspiya variety varied from 167 to 211 mg/kg, and on the Alekseevsky variety from
173 to 214 mg/kg.
ПРИНЦИПИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ОСОБИСТІСНО-ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО САМОВИЗНАЧЕННЯ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ ВИВЧЕННЯ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН
Authors: Галузяк Василь
Published: January 2025

Personal and professional self-determination of future teachers is considered as the key mechanism for formation of  professional position, which is based on the processes of meaning-making, value self-determination and the formation of professional identity. The professional position as the result of personal and professional self-determination of students reflects the relatively stable system of consciously developed attitudes to various aspects of future professional activity: its subjects, goals, values, principles, technologies, methods and means of organization. The professional position characterizes the teacher as the subject of pedagogical activity, who basing on critically considered norms of pedagogical culture, has developed his own system of professional values ​​and ways of their realization. Basing on  the analysis of scientific sources and pedagogical practice there was defined and substantiated the set of principles that ensures personal and professional self-determination of future teachers in the process of study of pedagogical disciplines: the principle of value-semantic contextual content of educational dialogue, the principle of coordination in dialogue of professional and personal values, the principle of transparency and self-determination, the principle of unity of normativeness and alternativeness, the principle of unity of trust and doubt, the principle of subject-subject interaction, the principle of interactivity and positional openness in dialogue, the principle of reflexivity of subjects of educational dialogue, the principle of creativity of joint activity of subjects of the dialogue. Adherence to these principles activates the personal and professional self-determination of future teachers, contributes to the formation of their professional position as the system of value orientations that form the conceptual basis of future professional activity. Effective implementation of the considered principles is possible under the condition of the use of pedagogical technologies constructed on a subject-subject basis. One of such technologies is the educational dialogue which involves the organization of intersubjective interaction during classes aimed at solving  of educational problems and students' search for personal meaning in professional knowledge.
ВПЛИВ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ СУСПІЛЬСТВА НА РОЗВИТОК СУЧАСНОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Гуревич Роман , Лазаренко Наталя
Published: January 2025

Водночас з розвитком людства в останні декілька десятиліть відбувається еволюція системи освіти. Сучасні технології та нові покоління здобувачів освіти вимагають від викладачів, учителів і закладів освіти постійного дотримання вимог сучасного світу та правильного використання інструментів розвитку сфери освітніх послуг. Кожного дня з’являєються все більше інформації і це викликає простіші засоби її одержання. В зв’язку з цим треба шукати ефективніші способи представлення інформації та підтримування зв’язків студентів або учнів з технологіями та предметами, що вони вивчають. Це не тільки змінює способи взаємодії здобувачів освіти зі знаннями, а й створює ширші можливості для всіх, хто навчається, та буде сприяти зростанню компетенцій здобувачів освіти. Переваги цифрового навчання полягають у тому, що воно вкрай необхідне, коли всі традиційні освітні заклади або працюють в режимі онлайн, або навчання здійснюється в змішаному форматі. Тому можна стверджувати, що цифровізація здійснює значний вплив на педагогічні аспекти традиційної освіти.
Sound insulation of multilayer glazing in separate covers
Authors: Ovsyannikov S. N. , Samokhvalov A. S. , Shubin I. L.
Published: January 2025

An engineering method for calculating the sound insulation of multilayer glazing with up to 5 glasses is presented. The calculation is based on analytical expressions for determining the coefficients of resonant and non-resonant sound transmission. The calculations take into account resonant frequencies of the “mass-elasticity-mass” type, calculated for systems with up to 4 degrees of freedom. Total losses in the material, radiation and outflow into adjacent structures were also taken into account. The results of measurements of sound insulation of 4–5 complex glazing, the corresponding design of noise-proof windows in separate covers and an assessment of the convergence of the results of calculations of sound insulation and experiment are shown. The results of measurements of multilayer glazing in combination with the KIV-125 air exchange device, as well as the results of measurements of noise-proof windows in separate covers with a special air exchange device are also presented.
APLICAÇÃO DE TEMAS NORTEADORES NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA POR MEIO DE UMA ABORDAGEM INTERDISCIPLINAR
Authors: Soares Evany Mikaelly Cardoso , Farias Joyce dos Santos , Correia Davi Vieira , Silva Ândello Mychael Ferreira Soares da , Figueirêdo Alessandra Marcone Tavares Alves de
Published: January 2025

Uma das premissas das universidades públicas e privadas é formar profissionais para atuarem diretamente no mercado de trabalho, este está em constante modernização e progresso, o que consequentemente, exige pessoas mais capacitadas e com mais informações sobre diversos temas. Sendo assim, o Programa de Educação Tutorial - PET Química do Instituto Federal da Paraíba - IFPB, Campus João Pessoa, Brasil, desenvolveu uma atividade denominada “Ciclo de Palestras”, designada aos discentes do Curso de Licenciatura em Química desta instituição, com a finalidade de trabalhar temas interdisciplinares que não estão presentes na matriz curricular, agregando conhecimento científico e despertando um olhar crítico do discente participante. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho utilizou uma metodologia qualitativa, contendo três momentos: i) Aplicação do Questionário de Sondagem (QS); (ii) Duas palestras ministradas intituladas: “A Química das cores, por que enxergamos o mundo colorido?” e “Química Forense: desvendando crimes”; (iii) Aplicação do Questionário Final (QF). Vale destacar ainda, que em virtude da pandemia do Covid-19 vivenciada por toda a população mundial, as etapas realizadas ocorreram todas de forma virtual. Nos resultados, foi possível constatar a relevância da atividade, bem como o desenvolvimento dos discentes por meio das palestras ministradas. No QS alguns estudantes conheciam de formar superficial as temáticas, mas não conseguiam relacioná-las com os conceitos científicos. Durante a ministração das palestras, ocorreram diversos debates e discussão entre os participantes e os ministrantes, havendo uma correlação dos conceitos químicos e os temas das palestras, contribuindo assim, com resultados satisfatórios no QF. Além disso, tal atividade pôde corroborar com os próprios discentes PETianos, uma vez que o ensinar estimula o aprender e a troca de saberes é algo imprescindível no processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos estudantes.
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF XANTHINE-BASED COMPOUNDS AS ANTI-OBESITY AGENTS
Authors: A. Pathak  , S. P. Gupta
Published: January 2025

The work was carried out with an object to synthesize xanthine products and assess the anti-obesity action of the synthesized compounds. The conjugates were yellow to brown in color and obtained in 68-71 % yields and were slightly soluble in water, insoluble in methanol and DMSO while they were soluble in chloroform. The confirmation of the structures of the compounds was done by 1H-NMR, mass, and IR spectral study. SAO1-5 were found to be hypophagic and restrict the intake of food by the mice and the hyperphagic effect of (±) - 8- OH-DPAT was antagonized by SAO.