bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitigation of Radiation-induced Pneumonitis and Lung Fibrosis using Alpha-lipoic Acid and Resveratrol
Authors: Azmoonfar Rasoul , Amini Peyman , Yahyapour Rasoul , Rezaeyan Abolhassan , Tavassoli Alireza , Motevaseli Elahe , Khodamoradi Ehsan , Shabeeb Dheyauldeen , Musa Ahmed E. , Najafi Masoud
Published: March 2019

Background:

Lung is a radiosensitive organ. Studies have shown that exposure
of the lung to acute and high doses of radiation following inhalation of radioactive agents
or an accidental radiological event may lead to pneumonitis and fibrosis, which are associated
with a risk of death. So far, some agents have been studied for mitigation of pneumonitis
and fibrosis following exposure of murine lung tissues to ionizing radiation. In this
study, we aimed to detect the possible mitigatory effect of alpha-lipoic acid, resveratrol
and their combination on mice pneumonitis and fibrosis markers following irradiation.

Methods:

25 mice were divided into 5 groups: control, radiation; radiation plus alpha-lipoic
acid; radiation plus resveratrol; and radiation plus both resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid. Mice
chest regions were irradiated with 18 Gy using a cobalt-60 gamma rays source. Treatments
started 24 h after irradiation and continued for two weeks. After 100 days, all mice were sacrificed
and their lung tissues removed for histopathological evaluation.

Results:

Pathological study showed that exposure to radiation led to severe pneumonitis and
moderate fibrosis after 100 days. Both resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid, as well as their
combination could mitigate pneumonitis and fibrosis markers. Although, resveratrol could
not mitigate infiltration of most inflammatory cells as well as inflammation and vascular
damage, alpha-lipoic acid and its combination were able to mitigate most damaged markers.

Conclusion:

Alpha-lipoic acid and its combination with resveratrol were able to mitigate
fibrosis and pneumonitis markers in mice lung tissues following lung irradiation. Although
resveratrol has a protective effect on some markers, it has a weaker effect on lung injury.
In conclusion, our results suggest that the combination of resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid
has a potent mitigatory effect compared to the single forms of these agents.
Explicit Exact and Third-Order-Accurate Pressure-Deflection Solutions for Oblique Shock and Expansion Waves
Authors: Mateescu Dan
Published: March 2019

This paper presents explicit analytical solutions of the pressure coefficient and the pressure ratio across the
oblique shock and expansion waves in function of the flow deflection angle. These new explicit pressure-deflection
solutions can be efficiently used in solving applied aerodynamic problems in supersonic flows, such as the aerodynamics
of airfoils and wings in supersonic-hypersonic flows and the shock and expansion waves interactions, and can be also
used to increase the computational efficiency of the numerical methods based on the Riemann problem solution requiring
the pressure-deflection solution of the oblique shock and expansion waves, such as the Godunov method.
Arc-Jet Testing on HfB - TaSi Models: Effect of the Geometry on the Aerothermal Behaviour
Authors: Di Maso A. , Savino R. , De Stefano Fumo M. , Silvestroni L. , Sciti D.
Published: March 2019

Arc-jet experiments in high enthalpy hypersonic (Mach 3) non equilibrium flow were carried out on a HfB2
composite with addition of 15 vol% TaSi2, at temperatures exceeding 2000 K. The aerothermal behaviour was tested
considering models having two different geometries, i.e. hemispheric and cone-shaped. The surface temperature and
emissivity of the material were evaluated during the tests. Numerical computations of the nozzle flow were carried out in
order to identify the flow conditions around the model and to analyze the details of thermal heating. The chemicalphysical
modifications were analysed after exposures. The surface emissivity changed from 0.85 to 0.5 due to surface
oxidation. The maximum temperatures reached on the tip were strongly dependent on the sample geometry, being around
2300 K for the hemisphere and 2800 K for the cone. Post test SEM analyses confirmed an excellent stability for this
HfB2-based material.
Preparation, Optimization and In vitro Evaluation of Glipizide Nanoparticles Integrated with Eudragit RS-100
Authors: Saharan P. , Bahmani K. , Saharan S.P.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Solubility is an important criterion for drug efficacy, independent
of the route of administration. It also poses a major challenge for pharmaceutical industries,
which are developing new pharmaceutical products, since 40% of the active substances
being identified are either insoluble or poorly soluble in aqueous media.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to develop nanoformulation of glipizide drugloaded
nanoparticles providing controlled release formulation.

Method:

Nanoparticles were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Eudragit RS100,
a nonbiodegradable polymer with varying ratios was used for making the formulation. The
effect of key formulation variables on the particle size and entrapment efficiency and drug
loading of nanoparticles were studied by using factorial design.

Results:

DSC thermograms indicate that glipizide was dispersed in an amorphous state in
the polymer. TEM study indicates that the nanoparticles were in spherical shape. The mean
diameter was dependent on the presence of the amount of Eudragit RS100 and viscosity of
the organic phase. The in vitro study showed that the cumulative drug release was from
69.52-81.44 % in 10 hrs at pH 6.8 in phosphate buffer respectively.

Conclusion:

Conclusion: The developed NPs could reduce dose frequency, decrease side effects, and
improve patient compliance. Using factorial design, maximum entrapment efficiency with
minimum particle size could be achieved with a few experiments.
The implementation of total quality management (TQM) in housekeeping department of W Bali-Seminyak
Authors: Yasa I Ketut
Published: March 2019

Competition in the business field is rapid and tight, particularly in the hospitality industry. A company needs the efforts to do continuous improvement toward the potential of human resources, process, and the environment to bring about the best quality of product or service. The effective and efficient way to improve those capabilities is by implementing Total Quality Management (TQM). TQM contributes the benefit such as increasing the competitiveness of the company. TQM concept denotes the concept of continuous improvement that applies to every level of the operation. W Bali – Seminyak, specifically housekeeping department has objective to offer the unique and special moments, inventing the creative staff, and recultivating the hospitality in Bali which committed to implementing TQM optimally. The purpose of the study was to investigate the implementation of Total Quality Management in the housekeeping department of W Bali-Seminyak as well as the obstacles to it. Methods of analysis used in this study were descriptive qualitative and descriptive statistical analysis. The result of this study indicated TQM had been implemented in the housekeeping department, W Bali- Seminyak.
Эволюция микролунок на широких террасах поверхности Si(111) в процессе высокотемпературного отжига
Authors: Петров А.С. , Ситников С.В. , Косолобов С.С. , Латышев А.В.
Published: March 2019

We have investigated in situ the morphological transformation of the Si(111) surfaces with micro-pits at large terraces during high-temperature annealing at T = 1200–1400°C. Experimental observation of the micro-pits kinetic decay have been performed by means of ultrahigh vacuum reflection electron microscopy. Focused ion beam system have been used for micro-pits creation at Si(111) terraces of large size. We have found that kinetic of micro-pit decay processes is affected by two dimensional vacancy islands nucleation at the micro-pit bottom when the micro-pit reaches the critical lateral size. The simple theoretical model has been proposed for describing the changes of the lateral size of micro-pit. The temperature dependence of two-dimensional vacancy islands nucleation frequency at micro-pit bottom is found to be described by the activation energy of 4.1 ± 0.1 eV.
Результаты экспериментов по кристаллизации твердого раствора Ge-Si-Sb на космическом комплексе "Союз--Аполлон" в условиях микрогравитации
Authors: Шульпина И.Л. , Прохоров И.А.
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjective factors that allow the experiment on growing crystals of a Ge–Si–Sb solid solution on the Soyuz–Apollo spacecraft to take a special place among many experiments on growing single crystals aboard spacecrafts are analyzed. In the study of crystals grown on board a spacecraft, anomalous and unexpectedly high segregation of the solid solution components in the direction transverse to the direction of crystallization is found. An analysis of the obtained results allowed us, for the first time, to establish a causal relationship between anomalous segregation and microgravity features on board a spacecraft. Determining the physical nature of anomalous segregation have affected the direction of further research and give rise to an in-depth study of specific features of the new technological environment, the rapid development of numerical methods for studying heat and mass transfer processes in melts, and the expanding of the range of studied crystals and methods for studying them. A great contribution to the development of this area was made by Professor V.S. Zemskov.
Моделирование твердых растворов NaGd(MoO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-- NaEu(MoO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- и Na-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Gd-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-(MoO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-7-=/SUB=--Na-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Eu-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-(MoO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-7-=/SUB=- методом межатомных потенциалов
Authors: Дудникова В.Б. , Жариков Е.В. , Еремин Н.Н.
Published: March 2019

AbstractSimulation of the solid solutions in the system of double sodium–gadolinium and sodium–europium molybdates, which are promising matrices for solid state lasers and phosphors has been carried out by the method of interatomic potentials. Two types of solid solutions have been studied, one of which contains finite components corresponding to the stoichiometric NaGd(MoO_4)_2–NaEu(MoO_4)_2 compositions with statistical distribution of cations in the crystal lattice. Another object is a cation-deficient Na_2Gd_4(MoO_4)_7–Na_2Eu_4(MoO_4)_7 system, in which we have examined the variants of statistical distribution and partial ordering of cations over structural positions. Atomistic simulation has been performed using the GULP 4.0.1 software package (General Utility Lattice Program). It is shown that when we pass from sodium-gadolinium molybdate to sodium-europium molybdate, both of stoichiometric and cation-deficient compositions, an increase in the unit cell volume is observed, while the density of the crystal, the energy of interatomic interactions in the structure, the vibrational entropy and the heat capacity decrease along with increasing europium content. The energy of interatomic interactions in the structure for cation-deficient solid solutions is less than for stoichiometric ones. Other aforementioned characteristics for cation-deficient solid solutions have greater values than for stoichiometric ones. The role of cluster europium centers in concentration quenching in NaGd(MoO_4)_2–NaEu(MoO_4)_2 solid solutions has been examined.
Термомеханика деформаций в ангармоническом твердом теле
Authors: Горобей Н.Н. , Лукьяненко А.С.
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe macroscopic laws determining the temperature and deformations of an anharmonic solid body in a given external temperature force field have been stated in the form of the first thermodynamics law supplemented by equations of state of the body. The internal and free energies necessary for it are found from the statistical sum in which some of degrees of freedom determining the body shape are discharged from statistical averaging. These functions of state have been calculated up to the first order of the perturbation theory in the anharmonicity for the microscopic dynamic model of the body with the interatomic interaction potential energy given as a series in powers of atom coordinates. The classical region of high temperatures is considered.
Сдвиговой режим формирования градиента температуры в тонком нематическом канале
Authors: Захаров А.В. , Пасечник С.В. , Шмелева Д.В.
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt has been shown by means of numerical methods, in the framework of the classical Ericksen-Leslie theory, together with accounting the entropy balance equation, how a temperature gradient, in the initially uniformly heated a hybrid-oriented liquid crystal (HOLC) channel, may set up under action of a shear stress (SS). The cases of complete and partial thermal insulation of one of the boundary surfaces of the HOLC are analyzed under the condition that a constant temperature is kept on the rest boundaries. It also has been shown how to heat up the planarly oriented upper boundary of the HOLC channel under the influence of the SS and, thereby, to form the temperature gradient across the HOLC channel.
Атомная структура и энергия когезии кластеров ZnSe и CdSe
Authors: Овсянникова Л.И.
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe first-principle calculations of the atomic and electronic structures of fullerene-like Zn_ n Se_ n and Cd_ n Se_ n have been carried out for n = 12, 36, 48, and 60. A model of two-layer fullerene-like (ZnSe)_60 and (CdSe)_60 clusters with mixed sp ^2/ sp ^3 bonds has been built for the first time. Ab initio calculations are performed in terms of the electron density functional and the hybrid B3LYP functional theory. The stability and the energy gap width of the clusters are estimated in the dependence on the number of atoms in a cluster and its geometry. It is shown that the relaxation of 1.7–1.8-nm two-layer (ZnSe)_60 and (CdSe)_60 clusters with mixed sp ^2/ sp ^3 bonds is accompanied by splitting out of the external layer.
Излучательные характеристики молекул Xe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Cl-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=- при накачке пучком быстрых электронов газовых смесей Xe-CCl-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=- и Ar-Xe-CCl-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=- с низким содержанием CCl-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-
Authors: Миськевич А.И.
Published: March 2019

AbstractSpontaneous and stimulated emissions of Xe_2Cl* triplex molecules upon excitation of Xe–CCl_4 gas mixtures with a low CCl_4 content by a pulsed high-energy electron beam have been experimentally studied. The electron energy is 150 keV, and the pump current pulse duration and amplitude are 5 ns and 5 A, respectively. Emission of an Xe_2Cl excimer molecule in the wavelength range of 430–650 nm is shown to consist of 13 narrow vibrational bands with half-widths Δλ ~ 14 nm peaking at 399, 413, 431, 451, 472, 492, 510.3, 534.9, 540.9, 551.7, 564.4, 581.6, and 603 nm. Under the given pumping conditions, a regime of weakly amplified spontaneous emission is implemented at the energy deposition to the gas of ~200 W/cm^3 on the axis of a 50‑mm cell and the electron beam pumping in the wavelength range of 450–550 nm. Spontaneous emission of the 4^2Г–1^2Г band of a Xe_2Cl* excimer molecule at λ_max = 486 nm was amplified by a factor of 60 in a 100‑cm cell under pumping of a dense ^3He–Xe–CCl_4 gas mixture by the ^3He( n , p )^3T nuclear reaction products at the energy deposition to the gas of ~5 mJ/cm^3 in a cavity with the mirror reflections of ~99.4% (totally reflecting mirror) and 98.5% (output mirror).
Углеродная наноструктура для термоэлектрического генератора
Authors: Рабчинский М.К. , Эйдельман Е.Д. , Виноградов А.Я. , Грудинкин С.А. , Дидейкин А.Т.
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate that it is technologically possible to obtain graphite-like films which can be used for the creation of a thermoelectric generator. The proposed technology ensures uniformity and rather small thickness of these films and allows them to be formed on a diamond-like film substrate with deposited contacts at acceptable interface. Measurements show that the electron-phonon drag effect in this system ensures thermo-emf values about 100 times as large as those provided by the diffusion process. Arrangement of the graphite-like material on a diamond-like film substrate also favors increase in the thermo-emf, which is a manifestation of the electron–ballistic phonon drag. It is established that conditions necessary for the creation of a thermoelectric generator can be achieved based on the proposed carbon nanostructures.
Капельная эрозия катода в сильноточной вакуумной дуге
Authors: Забелло К.К. , Логачёв А.А. , Полуянова И.Н. , Школьник С.М.
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt is shown that high-current vacuum arcs accompanied by partial melting of the cathode surface and its droplet erosion can generate, in addition to the well-known droplets formed immediately in the cathode spot (first type droplets), a second component of erosion. The liquid part of the cathode surface can emit droplets with significantly different sizes and velocities, which may be called second type droplets. The mechanisms of the formation of first and second type droplets are also substantially different.
Влияние парциального давления азота на состав, микроструктуру и механические характеристики покрытий Ti-=SUB=-1-x-y-=/SUB=-Al-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Tа-=SUB=-y-=/SUB=-N, полученных методом реактивного магнетронного распыления
Authors: Шугуров А.Р. , Акулинкин А.А. , Кастеров А.М. , Калашников М.П.
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe evolution of the elemental composition, surface morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties of Ti_1 –_ x _–_ y Al_ x Tа_ y N coatings deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering has been studied when the ratio of the partial pressure of nitrogen to the total pressure of reactive gas mixture was increased from 0.1 to 0.5. It is established that most significant changes in the relative content of Ti, Al, and Ta in as-deposited coatings take place when this ratio is varied from 0.1 to 0.3. The observed changes in the elemental composition of Ti_1 –_ x _–_ y Al_ x Tа_ y N coatings do not influence their phase composition, but lead to changes in the microstructure and mechanical characteristics.
Meaningful Partnerships: Stages of Development of a Patient and Family Advisory Council at a Family Medicine Residency Clinic (Preprint)
Authors: Schlaudecker Jeffrey D , Goodnow Keesha , Goroncy Anna , Hartmann Reid , Regan Saundra , Rich Megan , Butler Adam , White Christopher
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Partnering with patients and families is a crucial step in optimizing health. A patient and family advisory council (PFAC) is a group of patients and family members working together collaboratively with providers and staff to improve health care.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to describe the creation of a PFAC within a family medicine residency clinic. To understand the successful development of a PFAC, challenges, potential barriers, and positive outcomes of a meaningful partnership will be reported.

METHODS

The stages of PFAC development include leadership team formation and initial training, PFAC member recruitment, and meeting launch. Following a description of each stage, outcomes are outlined and lessons learned are discussed. PFAC members completed an open-ended survey and participated in a focus group interview at the completion of the first year. Interviewees provided feedback regarding (1) favorite aspects or experiences, (2) PFAC impact on a family medicine clinic, and (3) future projects to improve care. Common themes will be presented.

RESULTS

The composition of the PFAC consisted of 18 advisors, including 8 patient and family advisors, 4 staff advisors, 4 resident physician advisors, and 2 faculty physician advisors. The average meeting attendance was 12 members over 11 meetings in the span of the first year. A total of 13 out of 13 (100%) surveyed participants were satisfied with their experience serving on the PFAC.

CONCLUSIONS

PFACs provide a platform for patient engagement and an opportunity to drive home key concepts around collaboration within a residency training program. A framework for the creation of a PFAC, along with lessons learned, can be utilized to advise other residency programs in developing and evaluating meaningful PFACs.
Electronic Health Record Usability Evaluation Improves Training (Preprint)
Authors: Clarke Martina , Belden Jeffery , Kim Min
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

EHRs are said to reduce physician workload, however, physicians who are not appropriately trained on using an EHR in medical school may encounter a steep learning curve and experience usability issues when using the EHR in clinical practice Usability is important because it is one of the major factors hindering the widespread adoption of EHRs. Usability evaluation can play an important role in improving EHR usability and training.

OBJECTIVE

To determine usability issues experienced by expert and novice primary care physicians when using an electronic health record (EHR) to improve the EHR training program for new physicians.

METHODS

Family and Community Medicine, four Internal Medicine residents volunteered to participate and were compensated for their involvement in the project. Two rounds of usability tests were conducted using video to analyze usability issues. Physicians completed nineteen tasks, using think aloud strategy, based on an artificial but typical patient visit note. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze usability issues.

RESULTS

Novices and expert resident physicians experienced significantly less usability issues in round two than in round one. There was a statistically significant difference (w-value=18, P<0.05) between the number of novices experiencing usability issues in round one than the number of novices experiencing usability issues in round two. There was a statistically significant difference (w-value=5, P<0.05) between the number of experts experiencing usability issues in round one than in round two (Table 5). Thirty-five usability issues were identified across two rounds. Five themes emerged during analysis: inconsistencies (6 issues), user interface (9 issues), structured data (6 issues), ambiguous terminology (7 issues), and workarounds (6 issues).

CONCLUSIONS

This study was able to identify varying degrees of usability issues experienced by expert and novice physicians that may be impeding the use of EHRs. These results highlight the areas of difficulty resident physicians with different experience levels are currently facing, which may improve the EHR training program and increase physicians’ performance when using an EHR.
Study on the 4P in the Innovation Strategy of Three Squirrels’ Network Marketing
Authors: Bi Wei , Wu Jie De , Gao Yang , Lin Rung Tai
Published: March 2019

Along with the rapid development of our electronic commerce in our country, the only traditional marketing mode has been hard to meet the current market demand and it must be imperative to have vast application of marketing innovation strategy. It has been accepted and recognized by more and more people that there is an innovation strategy of network marketing centered with the marketing to improve user brands marketing; what’s more, it has been thought and applied by all kinds of major electronic commerce. Based on the mature theory of innovation strategy of network marketing, the paper would begin from the aspect of improving user brand innovation marketing to have study and analysis of the case of 4P in the innovation strategy of Three Squirrels’ Network Marketing. The successful experience and the currently existed main problem would be analyzed, and some proper suggestions would be mentioned in the paper. The paper would focus on the 4P ideas to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of Three Squirrels to explore the main experience and the existed problems. There would be correspondent improvement innovation strategy combined with the condition of enterprises so that there would be certain reference value for the improvement of Three Squirrels in the network marketing; at the same time, through the ceaseless learning and study, there would be advanced marketing idea and marketing innovation strategy at home and abroad and these could be used by other enterprises in the future so as to have a better promotion to the healthy development of enterprises.
A STUDY ON DIFFERENT PLANTS OF APOCYNACEAE FAMILY AND THEIR MEDICINAL USES
Authors: Islam Md. Shahidul , Lucky Rasheda Akter
Published: March 2019

The apocynaceae family is one of the most medicinally diverse families in the plant kingdom and is a rich source for drugs that have found use both traditionally and in conventional medicine. The medicinal activity of these plants was due to the presence of alkaloids which were either indoline alkaloids or steroidal alkaloids. The family Apocynaceae consists of tropical trees, shrubs and vines. Characteristic features of the family are that almost all species produce milky sap. In traditional medicine, Apocynaceae species are used to treat gastrointestinal ailments, fever, malaria, pain and diabetes, including skin and ecto-parasitic diseases. Some are important timber species while many are planted as ornamentals. Non-medicinal uses include food, poisons, fodder, wood, ornamentals, dye and perfume. A total of 4600 species under 415 genera belonging to the family Apocynaceae were collected and identified. Species of Apocynaceae have been reported to possess anticancer and antimalarial properties. Species having cytotoxic activity include those of Catharanthus, Nerium, Plumeria, Tabernaemontana and Ichnocarpus. Catharanthusroseus is the most medicinally important plant in this family due to its use in the treatment of various types of cancers, other agents that have been derived from this family include the alkaloids reserpine and rescinamine which have been used against hypertension, others are the cardiac glycosides.
INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATION: INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE
Authors: Moore Janet C.
Published: March 2019

This special issue of the Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks focuses on institutional transformation, including insights into business models. This introduction points to additional Sloan-C resources on cost effectiveness and institutional commitment.
ALN BUSINESS MODELS AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Miller Gary E. , Schiffman Stephen
Published: March 2019

The ways institutions have structured their initial innovation with online learning vary greatly. Initial business model decisions present different challenges in terms of how institutions will integrate online learning. This paper looks at several common business models and the opportunities and challenges that each presents to institutions that want to fully integrate online learning.
GETTING BETTER: ALN AND STUDENT SUCCESS
Authors: Moore Janet C. , Sener John , Fetzner Marie
Published: March 2019

In the U.S., only 38 of every 100 ninth graders enroll in college; of these 38, only 18 complete bachelors’ degrees within six years. Asynchronous learning networks (ALN)—asynchronous, highly interactive, instructor-led, resource-rich, cohort-based learning—can yield high success rates. Growing demand for online education and the expectation among higher education leaders that ALN learning outcomes will exceed face to face outcomes reflect belief in ALN’s power to engage learners. Sloan-C’s body of research confirms that ALN is especially suited for the anytime, anywhere, affordable access that is responsive to learners in a knowledge society. In fact, the original principles of ALN are the same principles that characterize ALN programs that have high student success rates. This paper includes vignettes from two- and four-year ALN programs that have used these principles to achieve high success rates.
WHY THEY STAYED: NEAR-PERFECT RETENTION IN AN ONLINE CERTIFICATION PROGRAM IN LIBRARY MEDIA
Authors: Meyer Katrina A. , Bruwelheide Janis , Poulin Russell
Published: March 2019

This paper focuses on an assessment of an online certification program in K–12 library media which has a near-perfect record of retaining students. Students and graduates of the program were asked to identify reasons for enrolling (and staying enrolled) in the program as well as functions that faculty performed well. These reasons were drawn upon three theoretical models of student retention: Tinto, Bean and Metzner, the Community of Inquiry Model, plus advantages of online programs. Open-ended questions and Likert-style items provide some support for the academic integration portion of Tinto’s retention model, Bean and Metzner’s retention model for adult non-traditional students, and the importance of the program being available online in explaining why students stayed. Open-ended questions and Likert-style items also support the use of the Community of Inquiry model as a way of identifying what faculty did well in the program and perhaps contributed to the students’ willingness to stay enrolled in the program.
A Model for On-Line Learning Networks in Engineering Education
Authors: Bourne J. R. , Brodersen A. J. , Campbell J. O. , Dawant M. M. , Shiavi R. G.
Published: March 2019

This paper describes a model for implementing online learning in engineering education. Relationships between traditional learning strategies and network-enabled engineering education are discussed. The model proposed is based on a World Wide Web implementation that includes presentation materials, online conferencing, demonstrations, and interactive capabilities that permit computer-mediated question and answer sessions. An example of a course implemented using these techniques for a first year engineering course is given. Guidance for engineering educators who wish to implement components of the model is provided.
Asynchronous Learning Networks: A Sloan Foundation Perspective
Authors: Mayadas Frank
Published: March 2019

This paper is based on a chapter in THE LEARNING REVOLUTION, the challenge of Information Technology in Academia (Diana G.Oblinger and Sean C. Rush, eds.), to be published this year by Anker Publishing Co., Boston, Mass.Over the years small numbers of motivated individuals have studied by themselves, away from university centers, to acquire knowledge in post-secondary subjects. Correspondence study began over a century ago and since then, other forms of "distance education" have become established. In spite of all this progress, off-campus learners have worked mainly in isolation, with only occasional contact with instructors and peers.Today’s low-cost communications and computer technologies, however, enable learning in Asynchronous Learning Networks (ALNs), in the process simultaneously overcoming barriers of isolation, distance and those imposed by rigid time constraints. The paper describes some projects at institutions of higher education funded by the Sloan Foundation, identifies some early results and possible evolution of ALN’s to large scale implementations.
Requirements-Driven ALN Course Design, Development, Delivery & Evaluation
Authors: Andriole Stephen J.
Published: March 2019

The best path to effective asynchronous learning network (ALN)-based course design, delivery and evaluation is through a requirements-driven methodology that recognizes the uniqueness of ALN-based learning. The methodology calls for the identification of purposeful and functional requirements, the identification of pre-course, early-course, mid-course and end-course activities, course “packaging” and prototyping, and “choreographed” delivery. It also calls for evaluation. The paper presents the methodology in the context of an actual course, a Systems Analysis & Design course offered asynchronously at Drexel University.
Institutional Policy for ALN
Authors: Harris Dale A. , DiPaolo Andy
Published: March 2019

For the past five years, Stanford has been involved in developing the capability to offer courses to remote learners over the Internet. This has evolved into a robust operation, which over the past year has offered 180 courses to approximately 4000 distance learners. More recently, the Department of Electrical Engineering has extended its offerings so that it is now possible to earn course credits sufficient to obtain a Master’s degree and academic certificates entirely online. In this paper, we discuss the issues of institutional policy which have emerged as we have gone through this evolution. Our experience at Stanford will be discussed within the broader framework of institutional policy and of the general institutional resistance to change in higher education. A version of this paper was presented at the Fourth International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks held in New York in November 1998.
Beyond Models: Developing a University Strategy for Online Instruction
Authors: Reid Ian C.
Published: March 2019

Universities are being pressured from a range of forces to move into delivery of courses via online methods. While the literature is replete with promises for the use of information technology (IT) in the teaching and learning environment of higher education institutions, it is difficult for those institutions to take a strategic and informed approach to its implementation. This paper details the difficulties that can arise in selecting and implementing online delivery solutions and seeks to survey various approaches that universities can take to address these difficulties from an organizational perspective. Key questions are then proposed that must be answered if academic managers are to be strategic in their selection of IT resources for teaching and learning, in order to best add value to their teaching and learning environment by providing access for students to asynchronous learning networks. Amongst the critical issues that need to be addressed are scalability, interoperability, consistency and flexibility. A progress report of an implementation of a strategic institution-wide approach to online delivery at the University of South Australia that addresses these key questions is then presented.
Design of Net-learning Systems Based on Experiential Learning
Authors: Pimentel Juan R.
Published: March 2019

The theory of experiential learning is briefly reviewed and a model of the learning process is presented. The paper then discusses and characterizes a virtual learning environment and its relationship to experiential learning and learning styles. An approach for designing virtual learning environments is presented taking into account the technology for learning. A prototype for a virtual learning environment designed and built by the author and known as LeProf is then discussed along with its application in the design of an educational site for learning electrical circuits.
Successful Online Teaching Using An Asynchronous Learner Discussion Forum
Authors: Rossman Mark H.
Published: March 2019

At Capella University online courses are offered using an asynchronous learner discussion forum. At the conclusion of each course, learners are requested to complete and electronically submit a course evaluation form.A document analysis of more than 3000 course evaluations from 154 courses conducted during the past 11 quarters was conducted. Each course folder was reviewed. The narrative responses were ultimately grouped into the following categories: Faculty Feedback, Learner Discussions and Course Requirements. General observations related to these categories were presented followed by several tips for successful teaching in an online environment using an asynchronous learner discussion forum. The tips were initially generated by the document analysis. Additional tips were added and the list was revised each quarter following the end-of-quarter teleconference with the instructors.
LECTURES ON DEMAND IN ALN: ENHANCING THE ONLINE LEARNING EXPERIENCE
Authors: Latchman H. A. , Latchman Sheryl M.
Published: March 2019

It is now well known that asynchronous learning networks (ALNs) provide effective mechanisms for facilitating interaction within learning communities in which the learners are separated by distance or time constraints. However, despite the infrastructure and tools which make ALNs so successful, questions have been raised about the time and effort required on the part of instructors to generate effective ALN course materials. In this paper we address these and otherconcerns in the use of ALN and propose the use of a “Lectures-on-Demand” methodology to allow ALN students access to the actual classroom experience. The Lectures-on-Demand method incorporates the spoken word, spontaneously written material and other facets of natural human communication into the ALN infrastructure. This approach allows students to ‘attend’ regular classes in real time via the Internet, as well as to have asynchronous access to digitally storedvideo material with hyperlinks to online training resources at any time. The paper discusses the technical requirements from the user and provider perspectives and describes ongoing efforts at the University of Florida where an online MS degree in Electrical Engineering is now being offered using the Lectures on Demand approach and online courses toward a BS in Electrical Engineering are presently being developed with the same tools.
VIRTUAL WRITING FORUM WITH DON MURRAY AND THE NATIONAL WRITING PROJECT IN AN ASYNCHRONOUS ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Taylor Joan
Published: March 2019

This study evaluated the level of participation and perceptions of effectiveness and value among participants in a virtual forum interacting with one another and with Donald Murray, a noted mentor in writing instruction. National Writing Project teacher consultants were invited to participate in a two-week interactive session using Caucus®, a non-threaded, World Wide Web-based, asynchronous computer conferencing system. Eighty-one teacher-consultants responded and participated in the event. Using a multiple perspective framework, data gathered through surveys, interviews, transcript analysis and online discussions suggest that participants, project coordinators and directors, as well as the author himself, found the event a valuable learning experience with interesting possibilities.
THE POST-SECONDARY NETWORKED CLASSROOM: RENEWAL OF TEACHING PRACTICES AND SOCIAL INTERACTION
Authors: Campos Milton , Laferrière Thérèse , Harasim Linda
Published: March 2019

The application and use of telelearning technologies in post-secondary education is evolving from peripheral activities to central approaches. Educators are re-discovering collaborative education as they understand how electronic conferencing can support and empower teaching and learning. As students build knowledge collaboratively, asynchronous conferencing elevates engagement and participation, and increases thinking and understanding. This article presents the teaching practices of post-secondary educators who integrated asynchronous electronic conferencing in over one hundred mixed-mode courses at eight North American institutions between 1996 and 1999. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were applied to assess their practices and to further understand the correlation between the use of electronic conferencing and the degree of collaboration achieved. Based on the findings, pedagogical approaches for the use of electronic conferencing are provided, and are grouped according to the level of collaboration. As a result of this study, the authors present a suggested model for the networked classroom to foster and guide the transformation of pedagogical practice.
A DESIGN FRAMEWORK FOR ELECTRONIC COGNITIVE APPRENTICESHIP
Authors: Wang Feng-Kwei , Bonk Curtis J.
Published: March 2019

This paper proposes a design framework for constructing a groupware-based learning environment (GBLE) that enables electronic cognitive apprenticeship. The central theme of this framework is that any design of a GBLE must have learning theories as foundations to substantiate the learning effectiveness of this environment. The proposed framework applies the principles of cognitive apprenticeship and case-based learning in designing a learning environment using groupware technology. In this framework, the practice of case-based learning is grounded in cognitive apprenticeship. The theory base of cognitive apprenticeship provides not only more coherent guidance but also opportunities to fine-tune the pedagogy of case-based learning. Groupware tools provide needed functions to enable instructional methods of cognitive apprenticeship. This technological support also facilitates the learning process of learners and thus enhances the effectiveness of case-based learning. Based on this framework, a system titled “Using Notes for a Case-based Learning Environment” (UNCLE) was created to demonstrate the framework's utility.
ACCESS TO OPPORTUNITY: THE DUKE-EAST CAROLINA PARTNERSHIPS FOR TRAINING PROGRAM
Authors: Champagne Mary T. , Hewitt Donna , Short Nancy , Pietrangelo-Brown Susan , Epstein Susan , Bowers Margaret
Published: March 2019

Duke University and East Carolina University through their Schools of Nursing and Physician Assistant Programs are in the third year of the Partnerships for Training Program (PFT). The goal of PFT is to prepare primary care providers to increase access to care in medically underserved and health professional shortage areas. This paper discusses how an asynchronous online mode was used to bring the universities and all of their resources to rural students in North Carolina. In addition, preparing students to access the online university and preparing faculty to teach using this new medium are discussed.
IS “AS GOOD AS FACE-TO-FACE” AS GOOD AS IT GETS?
Authors: McDonald Jeannette
Published: March 2019

We are constantly being asked to compare distance education to traditional education. But by striving to make distance education “as good as” face-to-face education what are we overlooking or sacrificing? In this paper we explore these issues by first reviewing background information from the literature about new teaching theories, methods and technology. We’ll also look at the impact of online learning and whether it can support, or even expand, the new teaching theories and strategies, based on research. We’ll then get a general overview of quality distance education principles and guidelines currently in use, finally addressing the question of whether our evaluation methods and questions serve to free or limit the potential of online learning, perpetuating “doing things differently or doing different things”.
TECHNOLOGY IS TOO IMPORTANT TO LEAVE TO TECHNOLOGISTS
Authors: Dunning Jeremy , Rogers Richard , Magjuka Richard , Waite David , Kropp Keith , Gantz Thomas , Kaur Abtar , Vidali Ari , Hunt Tom , Vandermolen Larry
Published: March 2019

The TALON/nPower learning object suite, developed by Arjuna Multimedia, is a set of 39 repurposeable learning object templates based on styles of teaching and learning that are designed to allow instructors and designers to create substantive learning objects without changing any of the source code. The instructor or designer can use the templates to design a new learning object without writing or changing any source code. The templates are simple enough that instructors with little or no programming experience can create their own learning objects. This paper examines the experiences of two professors’ use of the templates to create interactive exercises for their courses.
EXPERIMENTAL ONLINE CASE STUDY FOR A BREAKTHROUGH IN STUDENT ENGAGEMENT: DESCRIPTION AND RESULTS
Authors: Theroux James , Kilbane Clare
Published: March 2019

A new type of case study, called the real-time case (RTC), was produced in the fall of 2001 and distributed via the Internet to business classes at four universities in the U.S. and Canada. The real-time case presented the story of one company's growth and development throughout a 14-week semester. A case writer stationed full-time at the subject company published case installments weekly on the Web, allowing students to view the company-building process as it happened. The 14-week coverage of RTC enabled students to study the subject company in unprecedented depth and detail. RTC's real-time interactivity allowed students to share their analyses and best thinking with the company leadership during the company’s decision-making process.A major objective in producing the case was to heighten student engagement with the case material. To evaluate whether this objective was achieved, a survey was conducted with the participating classes. Results from the survey showed a high degree of engagement, plus many other benefits from the new type of case study.
SUPPORTING ONLINE ADJUNCT FACULTY: A VIRTUAL MENTORING PROGRAM
Authors: Puzziferro-Schnitzer Maria , Kissinger Jeff
Published: March 2019

Because of growing demand for online courses, staffing and faculty support issues can become major obstacles to growth and instructional quality. In 2004, Florida Community College at Jacksonville (FCCJ) was awarded an Effective Practices Award at the Sloan-C conference in Orlando, Florida for its Virtual Adjunct Mentoring program. This paper will provide the background, current program organization, and future directions of the program.
Cifras: Ramón Gómez de la Serna como guionista
Authors: García-Aguilar Alberto
Published: March 2019

Ramón Gómez de la Serna escribió diez guiones cinematográficos breves, publicados en la revista La Revue du Cinéma en 1930 bajo el título de Chiffres, que a su vez constituyen adaptaciones de textos suyos. Aunque en un principio fueron elaborados para la que iba a ser la primera película de Buñuel como director, el cineasta jamás los utilizó. Debido al interés que este texto suscita por permitir una mejor comprensión de cómo el escritor concebía el cine, este artículo intenta determinar el origen de este proyecto, cómo el autor adaptó sus propias historias a un formato cinematográfico y cuáles constituyen los principales recursos fílmicos que estos guiones presentan.
Couto Castillo, el pretendido sentido estético de la violencia y el olvido de las “cosas”
Authors: Pardo Fernández Rodrigo
Published: March 2019

Desde una perspectiva crítica, este artículo plantea la lectura de los cuentos del escritor mexicano Bernardo Couto Castillo a partir del desarrollo de una estética de la violencia, la cual se desarrolla a partir de las premisas del decadentismo como corriente artística a partir de su formulación en la Francia del siglo XIX. Destaca en la reflexión la configuración de la mujer, en tanto personaje e idea, en los relatos, donde se lleva a cabo una cosificación que faculta y valida la violencia que se ejerce sobre el cuerpo femenino. De este modo se hace posible la reflexión sobre los modos en los que un discurso divergente (en el contexto finisecular) valida y refrenda una perspectiva masculina negativa.
The influence of job crafting and task identity on meaningful work
Authors: Seo Alim , Jung Yeseul , Sohn Young Woo
Published: March 2019

The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of task identity and perceived organizational support(POS) on the relationship between job crafting and meaningful work. Specifically, the mediating effect of task identity and the moderating effect of POS were examined in the relationship between job crafting and meaningful work. The survey was conducted on 300 adults who have been working for at least six months. Supporting the hypotheses, task identity partially mediated the relationship between job crafting and meaningful work. Also, POS moderated the relation between job crafting and task identity significantly, suggesting that job crafting was more strongly associated with task identity as POS was strengthened. In addition, the mediating effect of task identity was moderated by POS in the relation between job crafting and meaningful work, suggesting that POS moderated the mediating effect of task identity on the relationship between job crafting and meaningful work. Based on the results, implications, limitations, and future research directions of this study were discussed.