bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematical modeling of conflicts
Authors: Antipova Ekaterina S.
Published: August 2024

Subject of research: conflicts of various origins.
Purpose of research: to develop a mathematical model of the conflict, to obtain a single strict definition of the conflict, allowing to formalize any conflict and describe it mathematically.
Methods and objects of research: the methods of control theory and methods of the theory of dynamical systems are used in the work. The conflict model is described by difference equations.
Main results of research: the definition of conflict is formulated, which allows to formalize any conflict. A mathematical model of conflicts is constructed. The possible ways of the conflicting parties' influence on each other are considered and analyzed. The analysis has shown that the management of conflict situations is fundamentally different from the management of technical facilities. If in management theory it is possible to influence the cause of the mismatch, then in a conflict situation, as a rule, there is no such possibility. Based on the presented model, the conflict between an employee and an employer is considered and an analysis of this conflict is carried out from the point of view of management theory. The necessary and sufficient conditions for a conflict-free state of a system with two subjects are obtained.
Physical and mathematical modeling dynamic pressure forces and viscous stresses in lithospheric subduction zones
Authors: Gavrilov Sergey V. , Kharitonov Andrey L.
Published: August 2024

Subject of research: zones of active tectonic processes in the mantle affecting lithospheric blocks and boundaries of density inhomogeneities.
Purpose of research: to study the role of forces of dynamic non-hydrostatic pressure and viscous stresses acting in lithospheric subduction zones through physical and mathematical modeling.
Method of research: is the application of numerical thermodynamic modeling of the tectonic structure of the lithosphere and asthenosphere in the subduction zone.
Main results of research: the relative role of dynamic pressure is shown to predominate in the zones characterized by horizontally elongated mantle flows in the asthenosphere beneath the horizontally extended oceanic and continental plates. However, under micro-plates and in the vicinity of their boundaries the effects of dynamic pressure and viscous stresses are comparable. In the zones of thermal diapirs the role of viscous stresses prevails.
Rasch Analysis And Driving Teachers' Self-Efficacy Of Arabic Language
Authors: Widayanti Rizka , Annida Alfika Syafa , Syah Imas Jihan , Unsi Baiq Tuhfatul , Ulinnuha Muhammad Afthon , Musyafaah Nurul
Published: August 2024

This research aims to analyze the level of self-efficacy of Arabic teachers to become driving teachers. Researchers used a survey method. The data collection technique was carried out using a non-test instrument: a closed questionnaire containing three aspects of self-efficacy. The sample in this study was 14 Arabic teachers spread across Kediri Residency. The data analysis technique uses the Rasch Model, assisted by the Minister 5.6.1.0 application. The data findings show that the instrument's reliability is a logit figure of 0.98 (perfect) and a Cronbach Alpha logit figure of 0.90 (very high). The validity of the instrument shows that the average MNSQ (Mean Square) outfit is 1.02, and the average ZSTD (Z-standard) outfit is -0.3 (valid). Regarding instrument difficulty level, three statements are classified as easy, three as medium, ten as complex, and three as very difficult. Respondent R9P showed the highest respondent ability, while respondent R7L showed the lowest ability. Arabic teachers' magnitude, strength, and generality percentages are 79%, 74%, and 85%. The average percentage level of self-efficacy of Arabic teachers in Kediri residency is 91%, which is classified as very high)
Developing A Natural Method To Practice The Pronunciation Of Arabic Sounds For The Speakers Of Malay Dialects In Southeast Asia/ تطوير طريقة طبيعية للتدرب على نطق الأصوات العربية لمتحدثي اللهجات الماليزية في جنوب شرق آسيا
Authors: Darmawaty Ridha , Al-Ma'youf Ali Mayouf , Nasaruddin Nasaruddin , Lamri Banjar Maimunah Dairani
Published: August 2024

Previous researchers, such as (Ahmad, 2017) (Maasiri, 2012), (Yusuf K. , 2019) and (Thayyib, 2017) have found consistent evidence that Malay learners often pronounce certain Arabic words not as native speakers do but in a way they get used to hearing those since their childhood. We offer a method for training the pronunciation of Arabic words using natural sounds. It employs the sounds from oneself and the natural or automatic sounds closest to the sounds to be instructed. This is a new model in Arabic pronunciation training for Malay communities in Southeast Asia through error analysis, contrastive studies, and observations. We argue that it is essential for those teaching or learning Arabic to develop linguistic proficiency and skills in correct pronunciation. It is also helpful for training in Qur'an recitation. We create this method using the literacy development, reflection, design, and development (R2D2) model. Three points are highlighted: (1) common errors in the pronunciation of Arabic sounds among the Malay communities in Southeast Asia concern the following sounds: tha, ha, kha, dha, shen, sad, dhaad, ain, ghain, fa, dan qaf., Ta, dan Dha; (2) the training includes three techniques: al-Muhaakat Aliyah (imitation of human-made sounds), al-Muhaakat Thabiiyyah (imitation of nature sounds), and al-Muhaakat bi an-Naathiq al-Ashly (imitation of Arabic native speakers); (3) video recordings are used to demonstrate the techniques for non-attending trainees.
Turkish Adaptation of Social Media Questionnaire for Nursing Training
Authors: Erden Yasemin , Dogan Sevgi , Aydın Kahraman Handan , Çiftçi Bahar
Published: August 2024

Background and Purpose:The use of social media in education has many effects such as rapid dissemination of information, crowdsourced information sharing, learning, and social interaction. In the study, it was aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Social Media Questionnaire for Nursing Training (SMQNT), which can be used to determine the effect of social media in nursing education.Methods:The data of this methodological study were obtained from 262 nursing students. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to determine the scale’s factor structure, while Cronbach’s alpha (α) coefficient, test–retest method, and split-half reliability method were used for reliability.Results:In line with the results of the CFA, it was determined that the scale had 13 items and a three-factor structure as “attitudes,” “use,” and “contrast information.” Similar to the original scale, a three-factor establishment was approved. SMQNT Cronbach’s α coefficient was found to be 0.87, while Cronbach’s α coefficient was found to be 0.658 for the “F1” factor, 0.760 for the “F2” factor, and 0.688 for the “F3” factor.Conclusions:As a result of this study, the Turkish form of SMQNT was a valid and reliable measurement instrument.
Psychometric Assessment of the Farsi Version of Perceived Barriers to Healthcare-Seeking Decision in Iranian Cardiovascular Patients
Authors: Taebi Mozhgan , Taheri Hatkehlouei Seyed Ali , Hamidi Fatemeh , Ebrahimi Faezeh , Farhadi Bahar , Kalantari Soheyla
Published: August 2024

Background and Purpose:This study was undertaken to assess the psychometric properties of the Perceived Barriers to Healthcare-Seeking Decision (PBHSD) scale in Iranian patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).Methods:In this methodological study conducted from February to June 2022, 255 patients with ACS completed the Farsi version of the PBHSD scale. The study focused on evaluating the face, content, and construct validity of this scale. Additionally, reliability was assessed through measures of internal consistency, including Cronbach’s alpha (α) and McDonald’s omega, and stability through test–retest analysis.Results:The mean age of the patients in the study was 47.12 (SD= 17.25). Construct validity analysis revealed a single independent factor with an eigenvalue greater than 1, explaining 61.23% of the extracted variance. Cronbach’s α and intraclass correlation coefficient were both greater than 0.70 that proved validity of the PBHSD scale.Conclusions:The study’s findings indicate that the Farsi version of the PBHSD is both valid and reliable. Consequently, it can be effective to assess and evaluate healthcare-seeking decisions in Iranian patients with ACS.
Effect of Pre- and Post-Emergence Herbicides on Weed Control and Yield in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Gürbüz Ramazan , Alptekin Harun
Published: August 2024

Weeds are a major cause of yield and quality loss in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crops. Therefore, weed control is important in sunflower production. In this context, the study was conducted in 2023 to determine the effectiveness of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides with different modes of action on weed population, dry weight of weeds and sunflower yield and yield components in sunflower. Four herbicides with different modes of action, three pre-emergence (aclonifen (A), pendimethalin (P), linuron (L) and one post-emergence (quizalofop-p-ethyl) (Q) and combinations of these herbicides were used in the study. To determine the effects of herbicides on weed populations and species, four different assessments were conducted at regular intervals. As a result of the study, a total of 10 weed species belonging to 5 families were detected in the trial area. The weed species with the highest density were Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Xanthium strumarium L., Convolvulus arvensis L. and Chenopodium album L. The study found that the effects of herbicides on weed populations and species varied. In the study, the highest rates of weed control were achieved in plots where both pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides were used together. The highest weed control rate was observed in plots P+Q (96.66%). The highest effect on weed dry weight was obtained in plot L+Q with a rate of 89.63%. The highest weed dry weight was recorded in the weedy control plots. In the study, the highest yield (287.53 kg da-1) was obtained in the weed-free (hoe) control plot. Yield increases of 18% to 45% can be achieved by controlling weeds in sunflowers. As a result, herbicide efficacy on weed population and dry weight of weeds increased when herbicides were used in combination. Some herbicides have been shown to increase yields when used alone. However, it is important to use herbicides in combination to control more weed populations and prevent a potential resistance problem.
Comparative Evaluation of Water Quality Properties: A Case Study of Coupled Commercial Aquaponics System
Authors: Ibrahim Labaran
Published: August 2024

The current study intends to evaluate the influence of seasonal changes on the water quality parameters of a coupled commercial aquaponics system. The determined water quality parameters for the comparative study were total ammonium-nitrogen (TAN), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and phosphate (PO43-), water temperature (WT), water pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS). The WT and DO analysis were carried out using a portable dissolved oxygen meter (Model: PDO-520, Taiwan). A portable electrode pH meter (Model: PH-220, Taiwan) was utilized for the pH measurement. The TDS and EC readings were obtained using a multi-parameter water quality meter (PHT-27, China). The TAN, NO3-N, and PO43- determinations were done using their individual Merck Spectro-quant® test kits. The research results indicated a significant (p0.05) difference. The observed significant increase of NO3-N, PO43-, EC, and TDS in the summer and autumn periods could be associated to the increased fish feeding rate (which increases waste production) as well as relative increase in microbial waste conversion/mineralization. The investigated water quality makers were within the recommended amounts in the aquaponics system. Thus, in this study, seasonal differences have induced variation in the NO3-N, PO43-, WT, pH, EC, and TDS amounts. However, these differences do not affect the TAN and DO levels.
Arazi Kullanımı/Arazi Örtüsü Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesine Örnek Bir Çalışma: Samsun Tekkeköy İlçesi (1990-2017 Yılları), Türkiye
Authors: Demirağ Turan İnci , Dengiz Orhan , İç Serkan
Published: August 2024

Çalışmanın amacı, Samsun ilinin doğusunda yer alan Tekkeköy ilçesinde arazi kullanımı ve arazi örtüsünün zamansal değişiminin ve bu değişimin nedenlerini ortaya koymaktır. Tekkeköy ilçesinde son zamanlarda nüfusun ve sanayi faaliyetlerinin hızlı bir şekilde artması arazi üzerinde ciddi değişimlere sebep olmaktadır. Çalışmada 1990, 1999, 2005, 2010 ve 2017 yıllarına ait Landsat uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Sınıflandırma işlemi yapılırken ENVI 5.3v programı kullanılmıştır. İlçede tarım, mera, orman ve yapay alanlar olmak üzere dört adet sınıf belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda bu yıllara ait normalize edilmiş bitki örtüsü indeksi dağılımı da ortaya konmuş ve geçmişten günümüze değişimi belirlenmiştir. Tarım alanları 1990 yılında toplam alanın % 54.3’nü oluştururken, 1999 yılında % 52.4’e, 2005’te % 48.4, 2010’da % 46.6 ve 2017’de ise % 45.4’e azaldığı, tarım dışı özellikle yerleşim ve ova üzerinde yer alan organize sanayi alanı 1990’de % 3.5’ten 2017’de % 10.6’ya yükseldiği belirlenmiştir. Bitki örtüsü indeksi için yoğun, orta ve zayıf sınıflarda sırasıyla yaklaşık % 26.6, % 9.3 ve % 14.3 azalışlar meydana gelirken, çok zayıf bitki örtüsüyle kaplı alan miktarı oransal olarak 1990 ile 2017 yılları arasında % 2000 artış göstermiştir. Arazi üzerindeki bu yoğun baskı arazi kullanımının doğru planlanmasıyla önlenmelidir.
Arazi Kullanımı ve Toprak Özelliklerinin Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Yardımıyla İncelenmesi: Türkiye-Manisa İli Sarıgöl İlçesi Ölçeğinde Bir Analiz
Authors: İydir Gülay , Özdemir Mehmet Ali
Published: August 2024

Bu çalışmada; Türkiye’nin Ege Bölgesi’nde yer alan Manisa iline bağlı Sarıgöl ilçesinin, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri araçları yardımıyla toprak ve arazi kullanımının ortaya konulması hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, (Mülga) Toprak Su Genel Müdürlüğü verileri sayısallaştırılarak ArcMap 3.1 programı vasıtasıyla alansal ve oransal dağılış haritaları ile istatistiki veriler elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sahasının yüz ölçümü 431.525 km2 olup, Ege Bölgesi’nde 4 ilin kesişme noktasında yer almaktadır. Yükseltisi 170 ile 1338 metreler arasında değişen Sarıgöl ilçesinin toplam arazi varlığının % 21.58’inde eğim değeri % 0-2 arasında iken, düşük eğimli araziler genellikle Sarıgöl ve Afşar Ovaları’nda yer almakta, bu alanlarda yoğun olarak tarım yapılmaktadır. İlçe toprak grupları kireçsiz kahverengi orman toprakları (202.2 km2), alüvyal topraklar (102.2 km2), kireçsiz kahverengi topraklar (96.8 km2), kolüvyal (19.5 km2) ve rendzinalardır (7 km2). Şiddetli ve çok şiddetli düzeylerde meydana gelen erozyon 281.81 km2 alanda görülmekte, bu durum ise çalışma sahasında arazi varlığının % 65’inin toprak kaynaklarını kaybetme riskiyle karşı karşıya olduğunu göstermektedir. Nitekim toplam arazi varlığının 282.796 km2’sinde toprak derinliği 50 cm’den daha azdır. Erozyon etkisinin diğer yamaç tiplerine göre daha yavaş cereyan ettiği içbükey yamaçlar 200.788 km2 (% 46), düz yapılı alanlar 154.142 km2 ve dışbükey yamaçlar 76.595 km2 alanda görülmektedir. İlçe toplam arazi varlığının % 48’inde tarım yapılmaktadır. Diğer kullanım alanlarına bakıldığında ise; orman % 29, fundalık alan % 18, mera % 3, yerleşim alanları ve ırmak taşkın yatakları % 2 oranında yer kaplamaktadır. İlçe arazisinin I., II., III. ve IV. sınıf arazileri 147.076 km2 ile % 35 orana sahipken, V., VI., VII. ve VIII. sınıf araziler 278.398 km2 alan ile arazi varlığının % 65’ine tekabül etmektedir.
O mal-estar na civilização digital
Authors: Ribeiro Fabiana de Oliveira Ribeiro , Assolini Filomena Elaine Paiva
Published: August 2024

Esta resenha discute os efeitos das tecnologias digitais na mente humana.
Scale-aware monocular reconstruction via robot kinematics and visual data in neural radiance fields
Authors: Wei Ruofeng , Guo Jiaxin , Lu Yiang , Zhong Fangxun , Liu Yunhui , Sun Dong , Dou Qi
Published: August 2024

Aim

Scale-aware 3D reconstruction of the surgical scene from a monocular endoscope is important for automatic navigation systems in robot-assisted surgery. However, traditional multi-view stereo methods purely utilize monocular images, which can recover 3D structures arbitrarily scaled with the real world. Current deep learning-based approaches rely on large training data for relative depth estimation and further 3D reconstruction with no scale. Inspired by recently proposed neural radiance fields (NeRF), we present a novel pipeline, KV-EndoNeRF, which explores limited multi-modal data (i.e., robot kinematics, and monocular endoscope) for surgical scene reconstruction with absolute scale.

Methods

We first extract scale information from robot kinematics data and then integrate it into sparse depth recovered from structure from motion (SfM). Based on the sparse depth supervision, we adapt a monocular depth estimation network to the current surgical scene to obtain scene-specific coarse depth. After adjusting the scale of coarse depth, we use it to guide the optimization of NeRF, resulting in absolute depth estimation. The 3D models of the tissue surface with real scale are recovered by fusing fine depth maps.

Results

Experimental results on the Stereo Correspondence And Reconstruction of Endoscopic Data (SCARED) demonstrate that KV-EndoNeRF excels in learning an absolute scale from robot kinematics and achieves 3D reconstruction with rich details of surface texture and high accuracy, outperforming other existing reconstruction methods.

Conclusion

Combining multi-modal image data with NeRF-based optimization represents a potential approach to achieve scale-aware 3D reconstruction of monocular endoscopic scenes.
Exploring the Role of Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Disease Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Odah Mohammad
Published: August 2024

Recent advancements in molecular diagnostics have highlighted the potential of circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) as a biomarker in various diseases. This study aims to explore the role of ccfDNA in the early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring of diseases, with a focus on oncology. We conducted a comprehensive review and analysis of current literature, combined with experimental approaches involving advanced genomic sequencing and bioinformatics techniques. Our research systematically characterizes the molecular composition of ccfDNA, including its origins, size distribution, and methylation patterns, across different disease states. Furthermore, we investigate the dynamics of ccfDNA release and clearance in the bloodstream, elucidating mechanisms that could influence its diagnostic accuracy. In the context of cancer, we analyze the correlation between tumor-derived ccfDNA and disease progression, response to therapy, and overall survival. Our findings indicate that ccfDNA holds promise as a non-invasive biomarker for early disease detection, real-time monitoring of treatment efficacy, and potentially, predicting relapse. This study contributes to the growing field of liquid biopsies and opens new avenues for personalized medicine, emphasizing the need for standardized protocols in ccfDNA analysis to maximize its clinical utility. The implications of our findings extend beyond oncology, suggesting potential applications of ccfDNA in other pathological conditions.
A Single-Frame and Multi-Frame Cascaded Image Super-Resolution Method
Authors: Sun Jing , Yuan Qiangqiang , Shen Huanfeng , Li Jie , Zhang Liangpei
Published: August 2024

The objective of image super-resolution is to reconstruct a high-resolution (HR) image with the prior knowledge from one or several low-resolution (LR) images. However, in the real world, due to the limited complementary information, the performance of both single-frame and multi-frame super-resolution reconstruction degrades rapidly as the magnification increases. In this paper, we propose a novel two-step image super resolution method concatenating multi-frame super-resolution (MFSR) with single-frame super-resolution (SFSR), to progressively upsample images to the desired resolution. The proposed method consisting of an L0-norm constrained reconstruction scheme and an enhanced residual back-projection network, integrating the flexibility of the variational model-based method and the feature learning capacity of the deep learning-based method. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, extensive experiments with both simulated and real world sequences were implemented. The experimental results show that the proposed method yields superior performance in both objective and perceptual quality measurements, compared to the baseline super-resolution algorithms in the cascade model. In addition, the experiment indicates that this cascade model can be robustly applied to different SFSR and MFSR methods.
A Structural Approach for the Concurrent Teaching of Introductory Propositional Calculus and Set Theory
Authors: Skliar Osvaldo , Gapper Sherry E. , Monge Ricardo E.
Published: August 2024

A presentation is provided of a structural approach for the concurrent teaching of introductory propositional calculus and set theory. The existence of isomorphism is shown between each law (or tautology) of propositional calculus and the form of a corresponding set which is equal to the universal set U considered.
Mapping of Fintech Ecosystem to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Saudi Arabia’s Landscape
Authors: Noreen Umara
Published: August 2024

Financial technologies (Fintech) have become an indispensable part of most of the business infrastructure around the world. The Fintech ecosystem provides this solution by providing a suitable environment for all financial techno services to synergize. The objective of this paper is two folds; first, it aims to investigate & summarize Fintech programs products, and services in Saudi Arabia. Second, it maps the sustainable development goals (SDG) and indicators of the Fintech programs in Saudi Arabia. Secondary data was collected from published reports, institutional & governmental websites, official portals, and research papers focusing on the companies operating in Saudi Arabia. In the second step, the content analysis method was employed to investigate the features and characteristics of each program to map it to the sustainable development goals (SDGs). It was found that Fintech in Saudi Arabia is addressing SDGs goals 1, 2, 5 8 & 17. The paper also attempted to map further the SDG indicators with the products and services which Fintech companies are offering. This study will be beneficial for the institutions and policymakers of the Fintech industry to fill the gaps in addressing SDG goals which is a global agenda for eradicating poverty and offering sustainable development opportunities.
Overexpression of EuSIP5 Gene to Improve Drought Resistance in Tobacco
Authors: Lin Yue-Ling , Chen Xi , Zhao De-Gang , Li Chao
Published: August 2024

Soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase (sPPase), a pyrophosphate hydrolase, has been shown to play an important role in several physiological processes such as plant growth and development, metabolic activities, and response to abiotic stresses, but sPPase has been less studied in woody plants. In order to preliminarily verify whether the soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase in Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (E. ulmoides) has a role in resistance to drought stress, we amplified the EuSIP5 (E. ulmoides soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase 5) cDNA sequence from E. ulmoides by RT-PCR. In order to study the drought resistance of the Eucommia ulmoides soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase 5 (EuSIP5) gene, the cDNA sequence of the EuSIP5 gene was amplified from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver by RT-PCR. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that EuSIP5 might be an unstable amphipathic protein, mainly located in the cytoplasm. E. ulmoides, the highest expression of the EuSIP5 gene was found in male leaves and pericarp from April to October, and in leaves of E. ulmoides in July and September. During drought, the expression of EuSIP5 in seedling E. ulmoides leaves was significantly higher than that of the control. An overexpression vector harboring the EuSIP5 was constructed and introduced into the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi). We found that during drought stress, the appearance of wilting was delayed by 4 days in transgenic tobacco plants (OE) compared with wild type plants (WT), and the expression of drought-related genes DET2, CYP85A1, P5CS, ERF1 and F-box was found to be increased in transgenic tobacco leaves, as well as the enzyme activities of the protective enzymes: peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly higher than those of the WT, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was lower than the WT. These results indicated that the introduction of EuSIP5 gene into tobacco increased the expression of drought-related genes, enhanced the anti-membrane oxidation ability of tobacco, and reduced the oxidative stress damage, thus improving the drought resistance of tobacco.
Automated Management of AWS Instances for Training
Authors: Buenabad-Chavez Jorge , Greeves Evelyn , P.J. Chong James , Rand Emma
Published: August 2024

Amazon Web Services (AWS) instances provide a convenient way to run training on complex ’omics data analysis workflows without requiring participants to install software packages or store large data volumes locally. However, efficiently managing dozens of instances is challenging for training providers. We present a set of Bash scripts that make it quick and easy to manage Linux AWS instances pre-configured with all the software analysis tools and data needed for a course, and accessible using encrypted login keys and optional domain names. Creating over 30 instances takes 10-15 minutes. A comprehensive online tutorial describes how to set up and use an AWS account and the scripts, and how to customise AWS instance templates with other software tools and data. We anticipate that others offering similar training may benefit from using the scripts regardless of the analyses being taught.
Unusual Metal-Organic Multicomponent Ni(II) and Mononuclear Zn(II) Compounds Involving Pyridine Dicarboxylates: Supamolecular Assemblies and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Dutta Kamal K. , Sharma Pranay , Banik Subham , Gomila Rosa M. , Frontera Antonio , Barceló-Oliver Miquel , Bhattacharyya Manjit K.
Published: August 2024

Herein, we have reported the synthesis and characterization [single crystal X-ray diffraction technique, spectroscopic etc.] of two new Ni(II) and Zn(II) coordination compounds viz. [Ni(2,6-PDC)2]2[Ni(en)2(H2O)2]2[Ni(en)(H2O)4]·4H2O (1) and [Zn(2,6-PDC)(Hdmpz)2] (2) (where, 2,6-PDC = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate, en = ethylene-1,2-diamine, Hdmpz = 3,5-dimethyl pyrazole). Compound 1 is found to crystallize as a multicomponent Ni(II) compound with five discrete complex moieties; whereas, compound 2 is a mononuclear compound of Zn(II). Deep analysis of the crystal structure of compound 1 unfolds unusual dual enclathration of guest complex cationic moieties within the supramolecular host cavity stabilized by anion‒π, π-stacking, N‒H⋯O, C‒H⋯O and O‒H⋯O hydrogen bonding interactions. Interestingly, further enclathration of a complex cationic moiety is observed within another supramolecular host cavity formed involving anionic complex moieties and lattice water molecules in 1. Again, the crystal structure of compound 2 is stabilized by the presence of unconventional C‒H⋯π(chelate ring) interactions along with C‒H⋯O, C‒H⋯N hydrogen bonding, π-stacking, C‒H⋯π(pyridyl) interactions. These non-covalent interactions have been further studied theoretically using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surfaces, non-covalent interaction (NCI) plot index and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) computational tools. The computational study displays that π-stacking or H-bonds greatly tune the directionality of compound 1 although non-directional electrostatic forces dominate energetically. For compound 2, combined QTAIM/NCI plot analysis confirms the presence of unconventional C‒H⋯π(chelate ring) interaction along with other weak interactions obtained from the crystal structure analysis. Further, the individual energy contributions of these weak yet significant non-covalent interactions have also been determined computationally.
Can SAR Data Predict Harvesting Residues Mass?
Authors: Udali Alberto , Persson Henrik J. , Talbot Bruce , Grigolato Stefano
Published: August 2024

The increasing demand for large-scale, high-frequency environmental monitoring has driven the adoption of satellite-based technologies for effective forest management, especially in the context of climate change. This study explores the potential of SAR for estimating the mass of harvesting residues, a significant component of forest ecosystems that impacts nutrient cycling, fire risk, and bioenergy production. The research hypothesizes that while the spatial distribution of residues remains stable, changes in moisture content—reflected in variations in the dielectric properties of the woody material—can be detected through SAR techniques. Two models, generalized linear model (GLM) and random forest (RF), were used to predict the mass of residues using interfer-ometric variables (phase, amplitude and coherence) as well as the backscatter signal from several acquisition pairs. The models provided encouraging results (R2 of 0.48 for GLM and 0.13 for RF), with acceptable bias and RMSE. We concluded that SAR data are feasible to predict the mass of harvesting residues and the findings could lead to improved monitoring and management of forest residues, contributing to sustainable forestry practices and enhanced bioenergy resource utilization.
Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens: Investigating the Prevalence of the Zoonotic Parasites in Dogs and Humans in a Hyperenzootic Area
Authors: Dimzas Dimitris , Aindelis Georgios , Tamvakis Andronki , Chatzoudi Sapfo , Chlichlia Katerina , Panopoulou Maria , Diakou Anastasia
Published: August 2024

The mosquito-borne zoonotic nematode parasites, Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens, primarily affect dogs. In recent years, their distribution has expanded due to various factors influencing vector-borne pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the comparative prevalence of infection in dogs and humans within a hyperenzootic region of Europe and to estimate the proportional relationship between infection prevalence in dogs and humans, in the concept of “One Health”. To this end, 604 blood samples from dogs and 625 serum samples from humans living in the Thrace region of northeastern Greece were collected. Dog samples were examined using Kott’s test for Dirofilaria spp. microfilariae and a commercial serological test for D. immitis antigen. Human sera were analysed by western blot for both parasites. The overall prevalence of infection in dogs was 177 (29.3%), with 173 (28.6%) testing positive for D. immitis and 7 (1.3%) for D. repens, including 6 (1%) cases of mixed infection. Specific IgG antibodies were detected in 42 (6.7%) human samples, with 24 (3.8%) positive for D. immitis and 18 (2.9%) for D. repens. The infection proportion in humans was 23.4% of the corresponding canine infection, indicating a high risk of human infection in this hyperenzootic region.
Bacterial Cellulose in Food Packaging: A Bibliometric Analysis and Review of Sustainable Innovations and Prospects
Authors: Infante-Neta Aida Aguilera , D'Almeida Alan Portal , Albuquerque Tiago Lima de
Published: August 2024

The scientific community has explored new packaging materials due to environmental challenges and pollution from plastic waste. Bacterial cellulose (BC), produced by bacteria like Gluconaceto-bacter xylinus, shows high potential for food preservation due to its exceptional mechanical strength, high crystallinity, and effective barrier properties against gases and moisture, making it a promising alternative to conventional plastics. This review highlights recent advances in BC production, particularly agro-industrial residues, which reduce costs and enhance environmental sustainability. Incorporating antimicrobial agents into BC matrices has also led to active packaging solutions that extend food shelf life and improve safety. A bibliometric analysis reveals a significant increase in research on BC over the last decade, reflecting growing global interest. Key research themes include the development of BC-based composites and the exploration of their antimicrobial properties. Critical areas for future research include improving BC production's scalability and economic via-bility and its integration with other biopolymers. These developments emphasize BC's potential as a sustainable packaging material and its role in the circular economy through waste valorization.
Approaches to Numerical Modelling of Rain Drop Erosion of Wind Turbine Blades: Surface Degradation Issues
Authors: Buchanan Iain , Hassan Emadelddin , Stack Margaret M
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the effects that rain drop erosion has on the integrity of wind turbine materials. This research involves analysis of impact models and theoretical equations to simulate the impact phenomena when a raindrop collides with a wind turbine blade at high speed. Impact phenomena that occur when a raindrop impacts with a wind turbine blade were evaluated. Additionally, the use of various types of software was considered to simulate this impact event. The model results of the raindrop impact with respect to a comparison of the governing equations and impact behaviour are addressed. Future work is outlined including adding variables to the erosion modelling algorithms.
Performance of the Multi-Class Classification Tools for Small Samples of Lamiaceae Family Herb Species
Authors: Kucharska-Ambrożej Kamila , Karpińska Joanna , Ratkiewicz Artur
Published: August 2024

The primary objective of this study was to identify a rapid and noninvasive methodology for effectively differentiating various herbal species cultivated in Eastern Poland. Typically, a plant's chemical profile is obtained using chromatographic methods; however, spectroscopic methods can serve as a complementary or independent tool for determining similarities in the analyzed samples. The investigation centered on leaves of plant species from the Lamiaceae family, encompassing basil, lavender, oregano, sage, and thyme. UV-VIS and ATR-FTIR spectra of dried plant samples' powder were recorded and subsequently analyzed using chemometric tools. This paper assesses the relative performance of different discrimination methods, including both traditional methods based on machine learning and those dealing with specimens associated with a specific category. Among the methodologies tested, SIMCA showed the best performance, particularly effective for small training sets.
Biological Characteristics and Medicinal Potential of the Uzbekistan Endemic "Scorzonera uzbekistanica"
Authors: NURALIEV UMIDJON
Published: August 2024

This article examines the biological characteristics and potential medicinal uses of the endemic plant species Scorzonera uzbekistanica, found only in Uzbekistan. The plant contains significant amounts of bio active compounds such as inulin, flavonoid, and oxyacetylene in its roots. These compounds are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and prediction properties. Traditionally used to alleviate digestive issues, this plant's potential in modern medicine should be further supported by scientific research. The study calls upon the scientific community to explore the potential applications of this endemic plant.
Delineation Protocol of Agricultural Management Zones (Olive Trees, Alfalfa) at Field Scale (Crete, Greece)
Authors: Chatzidavid David , Kokinou Eleni , Gerarchakis Nikolaos , Kontogiorgakis Ioannis , Bucaioni Alessio , Bogdanovic Milos
Published: August 2024

This study proposes a flexible and adaptable protocol for the establishment of agricultural management zones that utilises remote sensing, ground truthing (apparent electrical conductivity and soil sampling), the IRRIGOPTIMAL® system and machine learning. This protocol could contribute significantly to the rational use of inputs (water, fertilizers and pesticides) and to the further efficient development of an optimal irrigation system with variable irrigation rates. The methodology to develop this protocol was applied to olive and alfalfa plots in Heraklion (Crete, Greece) to monitor soil and crop responses for the period 2022-2024. Spatial and temporal assessment of selected soil and plant parameters (moisture, photosynthetic activity) using ground and vegetation reflectance mapping by satellites and unmanned aerial systems provides important information in both the pre- and main phases of the management zone delineation. Geophysical methods such as electromagnetic induction, applied in the main phase of management zone delineation, provide a robust technique to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of apparent electrical conductivity. The Random Forest machine learning model was found to be most suitable for predicting soil electrical conductivity based on satellite-derived salinity indices and ground electromagnetic induction. Finally, the IRRIGOPTIMAL® system provides real-time monitoring of a variety of weather and soil parameters to determine the optimal cultivation of crops based on the creation of agricultural management zones.
Visual Imitation Learning from One-Shot Demonstration for Multi-Step Robot Pick-and-Place Tasks
Authors: Lu Shuang , Haerdtlein Christian , Schilp Johannes
Published: August 2024

Imitation learning, also known as programming by demonstration, has been shown to be a promising paradigm for intuitive robot programming by non-expert users. However, the classical kinesthetic approach with physical hand guidance suffers from generalizability across different robot types and is impractical for demonstrating tasks with long horizons. Visual imitation learning enables the recording of multi-step tasks as a single continuous video, allowing non-experts to demonstrate tasks naturally. Existing approaches typically require a large amount of data to develop end-to-end deep learning models that map raw pixels to robot actions. This paper explores the application of visual imitation learning from one-shot demonstration, significantly reducing the data requirements and simplifying the programming process. To achieve this target, a framework is proposed to map hand trajectories to the robot end-effector, consisting of four essential components: hand detection; object detection; segmentation of the trajectories into elemental skills; and learning the skills. Methods are developed for each component and evaluated on recorded videos to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
A Scoping Review on Technology-Based Approaches for Upper Limb Motor Rehabilitation after Stroke. Are We Really Targeting Severe Impairment?
Authors: Colamarino Emma , Morone Giovanni , Toppi Jlenia , Riccio Angela , Cincotti Febo , Mattia Donatella , Pichiorri Floriana
Published: August 2024

Technology-based approaches for upper limb (UL) motor rehabilitation after stroke are designed mostly for severely affected patients to increase their recovery chances. However, the available randomised controlled trials (RCTs) focused on efficacy of technology-based interventions often include patients with a wide range of motor impairment. This scoping review aims at overviewing the actual severity of stroke patients enrolled in RCTs which claim to specifically address UL severe motor impairment. The literature search was conducted on Scopus and PubMed databases and included articles from 2008 to May 2024, specifically RCTs investigating the impact of technology-based interventions on UL motor functional recovery after stroke. Forty-eight studies were selected. They showed that upon patients’ enrolment the values of the UL Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Action Research Arm Test covered the whole range of both scales, thus revealing the non-selective inclusion of severe impaired patients. Heterogeneity in terms of numerosity, characteristics of enrolled patients, trial design, implementation, and reporting were present across studies. No clear difference in the severity of the included patients according to the intervention type was found. Patient stratification upon enrolment is crucial to best direct resources to those patients who will benefit the most from a given technology-assisted approach (personalised rehabilitation).
VEGF, but Not BDNF, Prevents the Downregulation of KCC2 Induced by Axotomy in Extraocular Motoneurons
Authors: Capilla-López Jaime , Hernández Rosendo G , Carrero-Rojas Génova , Calvo Paula M , Alvarez Francisco J , de la Cruz Rosa R , Pastor Angel M
Published: August 2024

The potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC2 is the main extruder of Cl- in neurons. It plays a fundamental role in the activity of the inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA and glycine) since low levels of KCC2 promote intracellular Cl- accumulation leading to a depolarizing activity of GABA and glycine. Downregulation of this cotransporter occurs in neurological disorders characterized by hyperexcitability, such as epilepsy, neuropathic pain and spasticity. KCC2 is also downregulated after axotomy. If muscle reinnervation is allowed, KCC2 levels recover in motoneurons. Therefore, we argued that target-derived neurotrophic factors might be involved in the regulation of KCC2 expression. For this purpose, we performed the axotomy of extraocular motoneurons by monocular enucleation of adult rats, and a pellet containing either VEGF or BDNF was chronically implanted in the orbit. Double confocal immunofluorescence of ChAT and KCC2 was carried out in brainstem sections. Axotomy led to a KCC2 decrease in the neuropil and soma of extraocular motoneurons, peaking at 15 days post-lesion, with the exception of abducens motoneuron somata. VEGF administration prevented the axotomy-induced KCC2 downregulation. By contrast, BDNF either maintained or reduced KCC2 levels following axotomy suggesting BDNF is involved in the axotomy-induced KCC2 downregulation in extraocular motoneurons. The finding that VEGF prevents KCC2 decrease opens new possibilities for the treatment of neurological disorders coursing with neuronal hyperactivity due to KCC2 downregulation.
A Recurrent Proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
Authors: Manca Vincenzo
Published: August 2024

The Polynomial coefficient function, from the complex hyperspace Cn in itself, is the function Fn that provides the coefficients of the polynomial (x - a1)(x - a2)... (x-an). A proof of the fundamental theorem of algebra is given where the surjectivity of this function is obtained from a Recurrent Coefficient Equation.
Analyzing Hydrothermal Waves Transitions through Rotational Field Application Based on Entropy Production
Authors: Ban Takahiko , Fujiwara Ryo , Shigeta Keigo
Published: August 2024

In this study, we evaluate the nonlinear dynamics of convection flow using the thermodynamic variational principle, focusing on scenarios where multiple external forces, such as a thermal gradient and rotational field, are applied to a shallow annular pool. We observed that with the increase in the thermal gradient, the flow changed from an axial flow to a rotational oscillatory flow with the wave amplitudes aligned. Further increasing the temperature difference led to a rotational oscillatory flow characterized by alternating wave generation and annihilation. Our analysis of the flow, considering heat fluxes orthogonal to the thermal gradient, allowed us to describe the flow state as a phase at equilibrium. The state transition of the flow was accompanied by a discontinuous jump in the heat flux, which occurred at the intersection of the entropy production curves.
A Gwas Approach to Identify Novel Major-Effect Qtls for End-Use Quality Traits in Soft Red Winter Wheat
Authors: Subedi Madhav , Bagwell John White , Lopez Benjamin , Baik Byung-Kee , Babar Md Ali , Mergoum Mohamed
Published: August 2024

Wheat is used for making many food products due to its diverse quality profile found among different wheat classes. Since laboratory analysis of these end-use quality traits is costly and time-consuming, genetic dissection of the traits is preferential. This study used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 10 end-use quality traits, including kernel protein, flour protein, flour yield, softness equivalence, solvent’s retention capacity, cookie diameter, and top-grain, in soft red winter wheat (SRWW) adapted to US southeast. The GWAS study included 266 SRWW genotypes that were evaluated in two locations over two years (2020-2022). A total of 27,466 single nucleotide markers were used and a total of 80 significant marker-trait associations were identified. There were 13 major effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) explaining > 10% phenotypic variance out of which 12 were considered as novel. Five of the major effect QTLs were found to be stably expressed across multiple datasets, and four showed associations with multiple traits. Candidate genes were identified for eight of the major-effect QTLs including genes associated with starch biosynthesis and nutritional homeostasis in plants. These findings increase genetic comprehension of these end-use quality traits and could potentially be used for improving the quality of SRWW.
Manufacturing Strategies for a Family of Integrated Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Systems
Authors: Ogbonnaya Chukwuma , Hegarthy Grace
Published: August 2024

Integrated photovoltaic-fuel cell (IPVFC) systems have the potential to contribute to sustainable energy production for grid and off-grid applications. While there are studies focusing on fundamental science and designs for IPVFC systems, there are scarcely studies that have focused on the manufacturability of IPVFC systems, which is certainly the pathway for commercialisation of the systems. This study explores manufacturing strategies that can be considered for exploiting a family of eleven IPVFC systems. A survey and systems thinking were used to investigate the potential modularisation and supply chain management to achieve optimal lean and agile manufacturing strategy. Results show that the Photovoltaic-Thermal-Separate Converter/Inverter-Battery System received 25% of the responses. The optimal manufacturing strategy depends on the overall business strategy of the firm. Although 17% preference for System 1 is significant compared to four members of the family of IPVFC systems (Systems 2, 6, 8 and 9) that received only 2% of the responses, it indicates that there is a likelihood that the demand for System 1 will be among the top 42% of the total demand. Overall, this study provides new insights on how the family of IPVFC systems can contribute to realising greater access to clean energy, by extension contributing to the net-zero efforts using solar energy and solar hydrogen.