bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Energy Density Supercapacitors: An Overview of Efficient Electrode Materials, Electrolytes, Design, and Fabrication
Authors: Pathak Mayank , Bhatt Diksha , Bhatt Rajesh Chandra , Bohra Bhashkar Singh , Tatrari Gaurav , Rana Sravendra , Arya Mahesh Chandra , Sahoo Nanda Gopal
Published: November 2023

Supercapacitors (SCs) are potentially trustworthy energy storage devices, therefore getting huge attention from researchers. However, due to limited capacitance and low energy density, there is still scope for improvement. The race to develop novel methods for enhancing their electrochemical characteristics is still going strong, where the goal of improving their energy density to match that of batteries by increasing their specific capacitance and raising their working voltage while maintaining high power capability and cutting the cost of production. In this light, this paper offers a succinct summary of current developments and fresh insights into the construction of SCs with high energy density which might help new researchers in the field of supercapacitor research. From electrolytes, electrodes, and device modification perspectives, novel applicable methodologies were emphasized and explored. When compared to conventional SCs, the special combination of electrode material/composites and electrolytes along with their fabrication design considerably enhances the electrochemical performance and energy density of the SCs. Emphasis is placed on the dynamic and mechanical variables connected to SCs′ energy storage process. To point the way toward a positive future for the design of high‐energy SCs, the potential and difficulties are finally highlighted. Further, we explore a few important topics for enhancing the energy densities of supercapacitors, as well as some links between major impacting factors. The review also covers the obstacles and prospects in this fascinating subject. This gives a fundamental understanding of supercapacitors as well as a crucial design principle for the next generation of improved supercapacitors being developed for commercial and consumer use.
Numerical calculation of unsteady MHD nanofluid flow across two fluctuating discs with chemical reaction and zero mass flux
Authors: Alqahtani Aisha M. , Bilal Muhammad , Ali Aatif , Khalifa Hamiden Abd El‐Wahed , Alqahtani Haifa
Published: November 2023

The fluid flow across spinning discs has several applications in different fields of engineering such as flywheels, gas turbine engines, brakes, and gears. The significance of heat source, Hall current, and magnetic field on the nanofluid flow between two spinning disks is studied in the present analysis. The upper disk spins as well as rotates, which generates the 3D flow. The evaluation and modeling of the mass density, flow motion, and energy transfer are performed using a system of partial differential equations (PDEs). The computational technique parametric continuation method (PCM) is employed to solve the modeled equations. The outcomes are relatively compared to the published literature for validity purposes. It has been noticed that during the downward motion of the upper disc, the effect of the magnetic field declines, while the influence of the hall current improves the velocity field. The temperature field rises with the ascending motion of the upper disk, whereas it shrinks with the downhill oscillation. Moreover, the mass diffusion ratio develops with the impact of hall current, while lessens with the influence of chemical reaction.
BSM patterns in scalar-sector coupling modifiers
Authors: Englert Christoph , Naskar Wrishik , Sutherland Dave
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We consider what multiple Higgs interactions may yet reveal about the scalar sector. We estimate the sensitivity of a Feynman topology-templated analysis of weak boson fusion Higgs pair production at present and future colliders — where the signal is a function of the Higgs coupling modifiers κV, κ2V, and κλ. While measurements are statistically limited at the LHC, they are under general perturbative control at present and future colliders, departures from the SM expectation give rise to a significant future potential for BSM discrimination in κ2V. We explore the landscape of BSM models in the space of deviations in κV, κ2V, and κλ, highlighting models that have measurable order-of-magnitude enhancements in either κ2V or κλ, relative to their deviation in the single Higgs coupling κV.
Inferring astrophysical neutrino sources from the Glashow resonance
Authors: Huang Guo-yuan , Lindner Manfred , Volmer Nele
Published: November 2023

Abstract

We infer the ultrahigh energy neutrino source by using the Glashow resonance candidate event recently identified by the IceCube Observatory. For the calculation of the cross section for the Glashow resonance, we incorporate both the atomic Doppler broadening effect and initial state radiation $$ {\overline{\nu}}_e{e}^{-}\to {W}^{-}\gamma $$

ν
¯

e

e
−

→

W
−

γ
, which correct the original cross section considerably. Using available experimental information, we have set a generic constraint on the $$ {\overline{\nu}}_e $$

ν
¯

e

fraction of astrophysical neutrinos, which excludes the μ-damped pγ source around 2σ confidence level under the assumption that neutrino production is dominated by the ∆-resonance. While a weak preference has been found for the pp source, next-generation measurements will be able to distinguish between ideal pp and pγ sources with a high significance assuming an optimistic single power-law neutrino spectrum. The inclusion of multi-pion production at very high energies for the neutrino source can weaken the discrimination power. In this case additional multimessenger information is needed to distinguish between pp and pγ sources.
Positive and negative plant−plant interactions influence seedling establishment at both high and low elevations
Authors: Hischier Chantal M. , Hille Ris Lambers Janneke , Iseli Evelin , Alexander Jake M.
Published: November 2023

Deciphering how plants interact with each other across environmental gradients is important to understand plant community assembly, as well as potential future plant responses to environmental change. Plant−plant interactions are expected to shift from predominantly negative (i.e. competition) to predominantly positive (i.e. facilitation) along gradients of environmental severity. However, most experiments examine the net effects of interactions by growing plants in either the presence or absence of neighbours, thereby neglecting the interplay of both negative and positive effects acting simultaneously within communities. To partially unravel these effects, we tested how the seedling establishment of 10 mountain grassland plants varied in the presence versus absence of plant communities at two sites along an elevation gradient. We created a third experimental treatment (using plastic plant mats to mimic surrounding vegetation) that retained the main hypothesised benefits of plant neighbours (microsite amelioration), while reducing a key negative effect (competition for soil resources). In contrast to our expectations, we found evidence for net positive effects of vegetation at the low elevation site, and net negative effects at the high elevation site. Interestingly, the negative effects of plant neighbours at high elevation were driven by high establishment rates of low elevation grasses in bare soil plots. At both sites, establishment rates were highest in artificial vegetation (after excluding two low elevation grasses at the high elevation site), indicating that positive effects of above-ground vegetation are partially offset by their negative effects. Our results demonstrate that both competition and facilitation act jointly to affect community structure across environmental gradients, while emphasising that competition can be strong also at higher elevations in temperate mountain regions. Consequently, plant−plant interactions are likely to influence the establishment of new, and persistence of resident, species in mountain plant communities as environments change.
Groups of p-central type
Authors: Sambale Benjamin
Published: November 2023

A finite group G with center Z is of central type if there exists a fully ramified character $$\lambda \in \textrm{Irr}(Z)$$

λ
∈
Irr
(
Z
)

, i. e. the induced character $$\lambda ^G$$

λ
G

is a multiple of an irreducible character. Howlett–Isaacs have shown that G is solvable in this situation. A corresponding theorem for p-Brauer characters was proved by Navarro–Späth–Tiep under the assumption that $$p\ne 5$$

p
≠
5

. We show that there are no exceptions for $$p=5$$

p
=
5

, i. e. every group of p-central type is solvable. Gagola proved that every solvable group can be embedded in G/Z for some group G of central type. We generalize this to groups of p-central type. As an application we construct some interesting non-nilpotent blocks with a unique Brauer character. This is related to a question by Kessar and Linckelmann.
Liver failure after treatment with inotuzumab and polychemotherapy including PEG-asparaginase in a patient with relapsed Philadelphia chromosome–negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Fischer Daniel , Toenges Rosa , Kiil Kati , Michalik Sabine , Thalhammer Axel , Bug Gesine , Gökbuget Nicola , Lang Fabian
Published: November 2023

We present the case of a 58-year-old female patient who presented with an extramedullary B-ALL relapse after prior allogenic HSCT and blinatumomab therapy. The patient died from complications of a drug-induced acute liver failure after a salvage therapy combining inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO)-based induction followed by consolidation with high dose MTX and pegaspargase based on the GMALL protocol for older ALL patients. After a diagnosis of the extramedullary relapse in the form of a retro vesical chloroma, the patient received an individualized multi-agent chemotherapy based on induction chemotherapy for older patients in combination with InO. After four administrations of InO, in combination with vincristine, dexamethasone, cytarabine, and cyclophosphamide, CT-imaging showed a reduction in volume of the chloroma and response to therapy. Consolidation with high-dose methotrexate and pegaspargase was administered. The patient developed toxic liver damage manifested by hyperbilirubinemia and progressive hepatic encephalopathy. The diagnostic criteria for VOD were met, and therapy with defibrotide was initiated. Liver biopsy revealed no histological signs of VOD but instead steatohepatitis indicative of drug-induced toxicity. The patient ultimately died of hemorrhagic shock through postinterventional hemorrhage after liver biopsy. In conclusion, although InO shows promising results in the therapy of r/r ALL with and without additional chemotherapy, the combination with MTX and pegaspargase in an intensively pretreated patient with relapse after HCST may impart an increased risk for liver-related toxicity. Special caution is required when assessing fitness for further liver toxic regimens. A key takeaway is also the reminder that InO can cause liver damage not only in the form of VOD but also through direct hepatocellular toxicity.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with contrasting life-history strategies differently affect health-promoting compounds in field-grown tomato by changing arbuscule occurrence and mycorrhizal assemblages in roots
Authors: Pellegrino Elisa , Arcidiacono Myriam , Francini Alessandra , Ercoli Laura
Published: November 2023

Contrasting life-history characteristics of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal families may have important implications for mycorrhizal functioning. Nevertheless, the effect of inoculation with AM fungi having different life-history strategies on the quality parameters of tomato fruits was not investigated. In this study, fruit and sauce quality of two tomato varieties were evaluated in field conditions after inoculation with four AM fungal species belonging to Glomeraceae and Gigasporaceae. The functional relationship between AM fungal traits (i.e., root colonization structures, community diversity) and fruit quality parameters was analyzed. AM fungal inoculation increased total phenols (TPC) and lycopene concentration in fruits of both varieties (47% and 247%, respectively) and antioxidant activity in var. Rio Grande (85%). Gigasporaceae were more effective in increasing TPC and antioxidant activity compared to Glomeraceae in var. Rio Grande. Gigaspora gigantea outperformed Scutellospora pellucida in var. Pisanello for TPC, antioxidant activity, and lycopene. Inoculated strains of G. gigantea, S. pellucida, Funneliformis mosseae, and Sclerocystis sinuosa were molecularly retrieved within tomato roots. In both varieties, a functional relationship between occurrence of arbuscules in roots and fruit quality was found. In var. Rio Grande, the abundance of some native AM fungal taxa shaped the pattern of fruit quality parameters. Gigasporaceae might be of great relevance for the synthesis of health-promoting compounds in tomato and should be included in biostimulant programmes targeting the production of high-quality vegetables.
Selective vulnerability of motor neuron types and functional groups to degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: review of the neurobiological mechanisms and functional correlates
Authors: Ovsepian Saak V. , O’Leary Valerie B. , Martinez Salvador
Published: November 2023

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative condition characterised by a progressive loss of motor neurons controlling voluntary muscle activity. The disease manifests through a variety of motor dysfunctions related to the extent of damage and loss of neurons at different anatomical locations. Despite extensive research, it remains unclear why some motor neurons are especially susceptible to the disease, while others are affected less or even spared. In this article, we review the neurobiological mechanisms, neurochemical profiles, and morpho-functional characteristics of various motor neuron groups and types of motor units implicated in their differential exposure to degeneration. We discuss specific cell-autonomous (intrinsic) and extrinsic factors influencing the vulnerability gradient of motor units and motor neuron types to ALS, with their impact on disease manifestation, course, and prognosis, as revealed in preclinical and clinical studies. We consider the outstanding challenges and emerging opportunities for interpreting the phenotypic and mechanistic variability of the disease to identify targets for clinical interventions.
Enlightening mode awareness
Authors: Mirnig Alexander G. , Gärtner Magdalena , Wallner Vivien , Demir Cansu , Özkan Yasemin Dönmez , Sypniewski Jakub , Meschtscherjakov Alexander
Published: November 2023

Driving an automated vehicle requires a clear understanding of its automation capabilities and resulting duties on the driver’s side. This is true across all levels of automation but especially so on SAE levels 3 and below, where the driver has an active driving task performance and/or monitoring role. If the automation capabilities and a driver’s understanding of them do not match, misuse can occur, resulting in decreased safety. In this paper, we present the results from a simulator study that investigated driving mode awareness support via ambient lights across automation levels 0, 2, and 3. We found lights in the steering wheel to be useful for momentary and lights below the windshield for permanent indication of automation-relevant information, whereas lights in the footwell showed to have little to no positive effects on driving mode awareness.
Eating to the beat of the drum: vibrational parameters of toe tapping behavior in Dendrobates truncatus (Anura: Dendrobatidae)
Authors: Vergara-Herrera Natalia , Cocroft Reginald , Rueda-Solano Luis Alberto
Published: November 2023

Toe tapping is performed by certain anuran species while foraging for their prey. This behavior has been described in different frog families, with some hypotheses regarding its function, including predator-prey communication, still unverified. To understand the function of toe tapping and its potential relationship with foraging in anurans, the present research focuses on descriptive analysis of vibrational parameters of toe tapping produced during foraging in the poison dart frog Dendrobates truncatus. We implemented an experimentally designed arena that allowed us to record toe tapping vibrations using an accelerometer attached to an artificial substrate. Continuous recordings of toe tapping were obtained from 19 individuals, enabling us to identify and define the vibrational parameters, with reference to the time between attacks on prey. The average tap duration was 0.06 ± 0.01 s with an inter-tap interval of 0.15 ± 0.07 s. We also identified a pattern, displayed in 36.5% of the analyzed attacks, of progressive acceleration of toe tapping before an attack. Furthermore, we found that individuals with longer third toes were more likely to accelerate their taps. Lastly, we found no evidence of sexual dimorphism in the toe tapping behavior of Dendrobates truncatus. Describing the vibrational parameters of toe tapping in Dendrobates truncatus represents a new frontier of research in the field of foraging behavior and paves the way for hypothesis testing regarding its functionality.
First vs. Lasting Impressions: How Cognitive and Affective Trust Cues Coordinate Match-Making in Online Sharing Platforms
Authors: Teubner Timm , Dann David , Hawlitschek Florian , Möhlmann Mareike
Published: November 2023

Digital platforms facilitate the coordination, match making, and value creation for large groups of individuals. In consumer-to-consumer (C2C) online sharing platforms specifically, trust between these individuals is a central concept in determining which individuals will eventually engage in a transaction. The majority of today’s online platforms draw on various types of cues for group coordination and trust building among users. Current research widely accepts the capacity of such cues but largely ignores their changing effectiveness over the course of a user’s lifetime on the platform. To address this gap, we conduct a laboratory experiment, studying the interplay of cognitive and affective trust cues over the course a multi-period trust experiment for the coordination of groups. We find that the trust-building capacity of affective trust cues is time-dependent and follows an inverted u-shape form, suggesting a dynamic complementarity of cognitive and affective trust cues.
A theta projection model for compressive creep behaviour of refractories at high temperature: application to alumina-spinel
Authors: Soares Thaís R. L. , Kieliba Ilona , Azenha Miguel , Tonnesen Thorsten , Lourenço Paulo B.
Published: November 2023

Thermomechanical loads are normally applied to refractory materials throughout their service life whichever is their practical use (e.g. steel ladle, rotary kiln furnaces). Among all the phenomena that the refractories are exposed to, the influence of creep behaviour is essential in determining their performance. Creep of refractories is usually represented by simple creep laws such as Norton-Bailey, which lack the capacity for generalization. The theta projection creep method, on the other hand, was proposed in the twentieth century to predict the creep of metals and alloys across different temperatures and stresses. The model is represented by one exponential equation capable of representing the complete creep curve, and coefficients that are temperature and stress-dependent, thus enabling the representation of complex nonlinear creep behaviour. Since refractories have similar creep responses to metals, the theta projection creep model is validated to characterize the compressive creep behaviour of alumina-spinel refractories at temperatures between 1200 and 1500 °C. Creep data from steady-state and transient temperature creep tests are used to calibrate the model. A regression by the least square method is applied to calculate the model’s parameters. The model shows good flexibility in fitting the test data of the alumina-spinel refractory over the three creep stages. A temperature and stress dependence model is derived for the theta coefficients, reducing the number of material parameters necessary to describe the material's behaviour. The experimental creep curves are presented, as well as the curves resulting from the identified parameters. The implications of the chosen creep data set on the definition of the model and its adequacy for this novel application are discussed.
The comparative study by Raman spectroscopy of the plastic tide in the three ports of the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Dąbrowska Agnieszka , Kipa Seweryn , Vasilopoulos Michalis , Osial Magdalena
Published: November 2023

This paper summarizes the field studies on marine microplastics (MPs) carried out in the autumn season in four various localisations within three ports chosen at the Mediterranean Sea near the French Riviera and the West Coast of Italy (within the Ligurian Sea). It considers the transport problem and the fate of the MPs introduced to the sea by analysing beach debris found on the shore after the stormy weather. Monitored ports included Saint-Tropez, Portoferraio and Porto Ercole, in which two different places were monitored. The aim is to approach the plastic tide phenomena by concentrating on a selected fraction of all MPs presented on the seashore. The final identification of debris was performed using Raman spectroscopy, providing a high-resolution signal. The PE, PP and PS contents were compared as the most frequent and representative polymers. Finally, we tackle the pending issue of the compound leakage from the MPs taking the environmentally aged particles from Portoferraio for further laboratory experiments and discuss an innovative approach with a low detection limit based on the electrochemical methods.

Graphical Abstract
Highly efficient adsorptive removal of the carcinogen aflatoxin B1 using the parasitic plant Cuscuta corymbosa Ruiz & Pavon
Authors: Vázquez-Durán Alma , de Jesús Nava-Ramírez María , Martínez-Escutia Rubén , de Dios Figueroa-Cárdenas Juan , López-Coello Carlos , Téllez-Isaías Guillermo , Méndez-Albores Abraham
Published: November 2023

The ever-growing consumption of herbs around the globe has motivated the researchers to acquire practical knowledge about other potential applications in human and animal health. In this research, an unmodified adsorbent prepared from the holoparasitic herb C. corymbosa was utilized for the removal of the carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform near-infrared/mid-infrared spectrophotometry (FT-NIR/MIR), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and point of zero charge (pHpzc). Adsorption experiments were carried out in batch systems, and the experimental data was used for isothermal (Langmuir and Freundlich) and kinetic (linear and non-linear forms of the pseudo-first and pseudo-second order) models. In general, the unmodified adsorbent removed AFB1 independent of the solution pH, showing a theoretical adsorption capacity of 555.76 mg AFB1/g at 303 K, significantly higher than that reported for other plant-based adsorbents and comparable with the efficiency of various inorganic adsorbents. Non-electrostatic attractions such as hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces along with complexation mechanisms were the primary interactions responsible for the adsorption of the pollutant. Our results clearly show that C. corymbosa could be a promising material for practical adsorption applications in the drinking water industry.
Cerebrospinal fluid neutral lipids predict progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Dakterzada Farida , Jové Mariona , Huerto Raquel , Carnes Anna , Sol Joaquim , Pamplona Reinald , Piñol-Ripoll Gerard
Published: November 2023

Genetic, metabolic, and clinical evidence links lipid dysregulation to an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the role of lipids in the pathophysiological processes of AD and its clinical progression is unclear. We investigated the association between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipidome and the pathological hallmarks of AD, progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD, and the rate of cognitive decline in MCI patients. The CSF lipidome was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in an LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS platform for 209 participants: 91 AD, 92 MCI, and 26 control participants. The MCI patients were followed up for a median of 58 (± 12.5) months to evaluate their clinical progression to AD. Forty-eight (52.2%) MCI patients progressed to AD during follow-up. We found that higher CSF levels of hexacosanoic acid and ceramide Cer(d38:4) were associated with an increased risk of amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) positivity in CSF, while levels of phosphatidylethanolamine PE(40:0) were associated with a reduced risk. Higher CSF levels of sphingomyelin SM(30:1) were positively associated with pathological levels of phosphorylated tau in CSF. Cholesteryl ester CE(11D3:1) and an unknown lipid were recognized as the most associated lipid species with MCI to AD progression. Furthermore, TG(O-52:2) was identified as the lipid most strongly associated with the rate of progression. Our results indicate the involvement of membrane and intracellular neutral lipids in the pathophysiological processes of AD and the progression from MCI to AD dementia. Therefore, CSF neutral lipids can be used as potential prognostic markers for AD.
Sarcopenia: no consensus, no diagnostic criteria, and no approved indication—How did we get here?
Authors: Evans William J. , Guralnik Jack , Cawthon Peggy , Appleby James , Landi Francesco , Clarke Lindsay , Vellas Bruno , Ferrucci Luigi , Roubenoff Ronenn
Published: November 2023

In addition to the role of skeletal muscle in movement and locomotion, muscle plays a critical role in a broad array of metabolic processes that can contribute to improved health or risk of disease. The age-associated loss of muscle has been termed sarcopenia. The muscle is the primary site of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and the largest component of basal metabolic rate, directly and indirectly affects bone density, produces myokines with pleiotropic effect on muscle and other tissues including the brain, and stores essential amino acids essential for the maintenance of protein synthesis during periods of reduced food intake and stress. As such, not surprisingly deterioration of skeletal muscle health, typically operationalized as decline of muscle mass and muscle strength is both a powerful risk factor and main consequence of chronic diseases, disability, and loss of independence, and it is one of the strongest risk factors for mortality. However, skeletal muscle remains one of the most plastic of all tissues, with rapid changes in rates of protein synthesis and degradation in response to physical activity and inactivity, inflammation, and nutritional and hormonal status. This has made the development of pharmacological therapies to increase muscle mass (or prevent loss), an important goal for decades. However, while remarkable advances in the understanding of molecular and cellular regulation of muscle protein metabolism have occurred recently, there are no approved drugs for the treatment of sarcopenia, the loss of skeletal muscle affecting millions of older people. The goal of this paper is to describe the possible reasons for the lack of new and effective pharmacotherapies to treat one of the most important risk factors for age-associated disease and loss of independence.
Therapeutic Targeting of Krüppel-Like Factor 4 and Its Pharmacological Potential in Parkinson’s Disease: a Comprehensive Review
Authors: Zamanian Mohammad Yasin , Golmohammadi Maryam , Amin Rana Sherdil , Bustani Ghadeer Sabah , Romero-Parra Rosario Mireya , Zabibah Rahman S. , Oz Tuba , Jalil Abduladheem Turki , Soltani Afsaneh , Kujawska Małgorzata
Published: November 2023

Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a zinc finger transcription factor, is found in different human tissues and shows diverse regulatory activities in a cell-dependent manner. In the brain, KLF4 controls various neurophysiological and neuropathological processes, and its contribution to various neurological diseases has been widely reported. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that might have a connection with KLF4. In this review, we discussed the potential implication of KLF4 in fundamental molecular mechanisms of PD, including aberrant proteostasis, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and iron overload. The evidence collected herein sheds new light on KLF4-mediated pathways, which manipulation appears to be a promising therapeutic target for PD management. However, there is a gap in the knowledge on this topic, and extended research is required to understand the translational value of the KLF4-oriented therapeutical approach in PD.
Modulating p-type doping of two dimensional material palladium diselenide
Authors: Yang Jiali , Liu Yu , Wang En-Yang , Pang Jinbo , Huang Shirong , Gemming Thomas , Bi Jinshun , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Jia Hao , Hu Shu-Xian , Jiang Chongyun , Liu Hong , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Zhou Weijia , Rümmeli Mark H.
Published: November 2023

The van der Waals heterostructures have evolved as novel materials for complementing the Si-based semiconductor technologies. Group-10 noble metal dichalcogenides (e.g., PtS2, PtSe2, PdS2, and PdSe2) have been listed into two-dimensional (2D) materials toolkit to assemble van der Waals heterostructures. Among them, PdSe2 demonstrates advantages of high stability in air, high mobility, and wide tunable bandgap. However, the regulation of p-type doping of PdSe2 remains unsolved problem prior to fabricating p–n junction as a fundamental platform of semiconductor physics. Besides, a quantitative method for the controllable doping of PdSe2 is yet to be reported. In this study, the doping level of PdSe2 was correlated with the concentration of Lewis acids, for example, SnCl4, used for soaking. Considering the transfer characteristics, the threshold voltage (the gate voltage corresponding to the minimum drain current) increased after SnCl4 soaking treatment. PdSe2 transistors were soaked in SnCl4 solutions with five different concentrations. The threshold voltages from the as-obtained transfer curves were extracted for linear fitting to the threshold voltage versus doping concentration correlation equation. This study provides in-depth insights into the controllable p-type doping of PdSe2. It may also push forward the research of the regulation of conductivity behaviors of 2D materials.
Decontamination of levofloxacin from water using a novel chitosan–walnut shells composite: linear, nonlinear, and optimization modeling
Authors: Mahmoud Alaa El Din , Fawzy Manal
Published: November 2023

Chitosan–walnut shells (Ch–W) composite was tested for the removal of levofloxacin from water. Various experimental factors were examined at different contact time intervals. The prepared composite exhibited maximum uptake capacity of 7.43 mg g−1 for levofloxacin with 0.5 g L−1 Ch–W dose at 45 min and pH = 7. Linear and nonlinear isotherm/kinetic models have been investigated, and the pertinency of the models was confirmed by correlation coefficients (R2) and error functions. Consequently, the adsorption of levofloxacin could be more accurately described by the nonlinear pseudo-second-order and Langmuir as well as Temkin models (R2 ˃ 0.98). Optimization modeling of levofloxacin was performed using a central composite design. The independent parameters; initial concentration, pH, and Ch–W dose, were selected while levofloxacin removal was the response. The maximum levofloxacin removal was 75.7% and 94.2% at concentrations of 4 mg L−1 and 2 mg L−1, respectively. Furthermore, 3D surface plots with the interaction effects of the investigated factors are presented. The developed model was reliable for further study and prediction owing to the closeness between the experimental and predicted values. The individual and interacting factors were found to be significant except for “concentration x dose” based on the ANOVA. The models confirmed the experimental results with R2, R2adjusted, and R2predicted values ˃ 0.939. The continuity adsorption cycles were tested for reuse and revealed that the removal of levofloxacin was decreased ~ 23% after six cycles. Hence, the prepared composite has the potential to remove antibiotics from water.
Quinones from Cordia species from 1972 to 2023: isolation, structural diversity and pharmacological activities
Authors: Dongmo Zeukang Rostanie , Kalinski Jarmo-Charles , Tembeni Babalwa , Goosen Eleonora D. , Tembu Jacqueline , Tabopda Kuiate Turibio , Ngono Bikobo Dominique Serge , Tagatsing Fotsing Maurice , Atchadé Alex de Théodore , Siwe-Noundou Xavier
Published: November 2023

Plants of the genus Cordia (Boraginaceae family) are widely distributed in the tropical regions of America, Africa, and Asia. They are extensively used in folk medicine due to their rich medicinal properties. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the isolation, structure, biogenesis, and biological properties of quinones from Cordia species reported from 1972 to 2023. Meroterpenoids were identified as the major quinones in most Cordia species and are reported as a chemotaxonomic markers of the Cordia. In addition to this property, quinones are reported to display a wider and broader spectrum of activities, are efficient scaffold in biological activity, compared to other classes of compounds reported in Cordia, hence our focus on the study of quinones reported from Cordia species. About 70 types of quinones have been isolated, while others have been identified by phytochemical screening or gas chromatography. Although the biosynthesis of quinones from Cordia species is not yet fully understood, previous reports suggest that they may be derived from geranyl pyrophosphate and an aromatic precursor unit, followed by oxidative cyclization of the allylic methyl group. Studies have demonstrated that quinones from this genus exhibit antifungal, larvicidal, antileishmanial, anti-inflammatory, antibiofilm, antimycobacterial, antioxidant, antimalarial, neuroinhibitory, and hemolytic activities. In addition, they have been shown to exhibit remarkable cytotoxic effects against several cancer cell lines which is likely related to their ability to inhibit electron transport as well as oxidative phosphorylation, and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Their biological activities indicate potential utility in the development of new drugs, especially as active components in drug-carrier systems, against a broad spectrum of pathogens and ailments.

Graphical Abstract
Fedisp: an incremental subgradient-proximal-based ring-type architecture for decentralized federated learning
Authors: Huang Jianjun , Rui Zihao , Kang Li
Published: November 2023

Federated learning (FL) represents a promising distributed machine learning paradigm for resolving data isolation due to data privacy concerns. Nevertheless, most vanilla FL algorithms, which depend on a server, encounter the problem of reliability and a high communication burden in real cases. Decentralized federated learning (DFL) that does not follow the star topology faces the challenges of weight divergence and inferior communication efficiency. In this paper, a novel DFL framework called federated incremental subgradient-proximal (FedISP) is proposed that utilizes the incremental method to perform model updates to alleviate weight divergence. In our setup, multiple clients are distributed in a ring topology and communicate in a cyclic manner, which significantly mitigates the communication load. A convergence guarantee is given under the convex condition to demonstrate the impact of the learning rate on our algorithms, which further improves the performance of FedISP. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in both independent and identically distributed (IID) and non-IID settings while illustrating the advantages of the FedISP algorithm in achieving model consensus and saving communication costs.
Role of omics approaches in vegetable breeding for insect pest resistance
Authors: Singh Jagmeet , Kumar Dharminder , Chauhan Shivani , Dhillon Harnoor Kaur , Kumar Sandeep , Kumar Vikas , Kapoor Renu
Published: November 2023

Vegetables are usually herbaceous and succulent plants. This succulent nature of vegetable crops makes them susceptible to attack by a wide variety of pests. Traditionally insect resistance has not been as widely investigated as disease resistance due to relatively smaller economic losses caused by insects as compared to pathogens in earlier times. But owing to indiscriminate use of pesticides, population of natural enemies has declined which in turn has increased the frequency of insect epidemics. Outbreak of Tuta absoluta in tomato is a recent example. Intense selection of crops has reduced the genetic variability and has increased their genetic vulnerability to insects. Some pests like Meloidogyne spp., Helicoverpa and aphids are polyphagous and cannot be managed by chemical sprays. In such cases resorting to insect resistance is the best option for a breeder. But development of insect resistant variety takes considerable time and efforts. Recent advancements in omics approaches has accelerated the resistance breeding. Genetic markers permit effective indirect selection for insect resistant plants. They are effective tools for identifying genomic regions controlling pest resistance. Molecular markers permit transfer of precise DNA segments from disease resistant species to susceptible cultivars thus preventing the problem of linkage drag. This review highlights the achievements in recent years in vegetable resistance breeding via various omics-based approaches viz. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics.
The Economics of Art and Culture
Authors: Borowiecki Karol J. , Gray Charles M. , Heilbrun James
Published: November 2023

Spanning the economics of the fine arts, performing arts, and public policy, this updated classic is the go-to resource for navigating today's creative industries. Building on real-world data, engaging case studies, and cutting-edge research, it prepares students for careers in the cultural, creative, and public sectors. By avoiding mathematical treatments and explaining theories with examples, this book develops theoretical concepts from scratch, making it accessible to readers with no background in economics. While most of the theory remains timeless, this new edition covers changes in the world's economic landscapes. Updates include new sections on gender representation, cultural districts and tourism, digital broadcasting and streaming, how technology impacts the arts, and arts management and strategy. The authors demonstrate data-driven decision-making using examples and cases from various databases. Students learn to assess academic results and apply the learned material using the discussion questions and problem sets.
French ingressives and (phasal) aspect: A frame-semantic corpus-based analysis
Authors: Verroens Filip , De Cuypere Ludovic
Published: November 2023

This article compares the usage of commencer à ‘to begin’+Vinf. and se mettre à ‘to start’ + Vinf. in modern French. Using a corpus sample of 2000 observations, we examined the effect of Adverbial complementation, of Event type (aspect), and of Tense. Based on a mixed-effects logistic regression analysis, we found evidence for Event type, where se mettre à is associated with activities, and Tense, where se mettre à seems to be associated with passé simple, futur proche and subjonctif present. On the other hand, commencer à is associated with plus-que-parfait and indicatif imparfait. We discuss the results in the frame-semantic model of Croft (2012). We make the case that commencer à can have the profile of an achievement or that of an accomplishment, while se mettre à manifests only one profile, that of an achievement. Our results support a one-component approach to aspect in which the result of the interaction between grammatical aspect and lexical aspect can be attributed to the same aspectual contour.
Taylor vortices in yield stress fluids with static wall layers on the outer cylinder
Authors: Topayev S. , Nouar C. , Frigaard I.
Published: November 2023

A linear stability analysis of circular Couette flow of a Bingham fluid subjected to axisymmetric perturbations was presented by Peng & Zhu (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 512, 2004, pp. 21–45) and Landry et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 560, 2006, pp. 321–353). Here, we consider the stability of this flow with respect to a finite amplitude perturbation. We focus particularly on the case where the basic flow has an unyielded fluid layer on outer cylinder. A weakly nonlinear stability analysis is developed for a wide gap and a narrow gap. A third-order Ginzburg–Landau equation is derived, and the influence of the different nonlinearities on bifurcation features is investigated in detail. The results indicate that: (i) the nonlinear inertial terms act in favour of pitchfork supercritical bifurcation and the nonlinear yield stress terms promote a subcritical bifurcation; (ii) for a range of Bingham numbers

$B$

, the extent of which depends on the radius ratio and outer Reynolds number, the nonlinear yield stress terms are dominant and the primary bifurcation is subcritical. The amplitude analysis indicates that in the supercritical bifurcation regime, near the threshold, when the nonlinear inertial terms are dominant, the amplitude decreases slightly with increasing

$B$

. Once the nonlinear yield stress terms start to become significant, the equilibrium amplitude increases substantially with increasing

$B$

. Similar trends are observed for Taylor vortex strength. Finally, the erosion of the static layer is analysed. It is shown that the nonlinear yield stress terms play a significant role.
Laminar post-stall wakes of tapered swept wings
Authors: Ribeiro Jean Hélder Marques , Neal Jacob , Burtsev Anton , Amitay Michael , Theofilis Vassilios , Taira Kunihiko
Published: November 2023

While tapered swept wings are widely used, the influence of taper on their post-stall wake characteristics remains largely unexplored. To address this issue, we conduct an extensive study using direct numerical simulations to characterize the wing taper and sweep effects on laminar separated wakes. We analyse flows behind NACA 0015 cross-sectional profile wings at post-stall angles of attack

$\alpha =14^\circ$

–

$22^\circ$

with taper ratios

$\lambda =0.27$

–

$1$

, leading-edge sweep angles

$0^\circ$

–

$50^\circ$

and semi aspect ratios

$sAR =1$

and

$2$

at a mean-chord-based Reynolds number of

$600$

. Tapered wings have smaller tip chord length, which generates a weaker tip vortex, and attenuates inboard downwash. This results in the development of unsteadiness over a large portion of the wingspan at high angles of attack. For tapered wings with backward-swept leading edges, unsteadiness emerges near the wing tip. On the other hand, wings with forward-swept trailing edges are shown to concentrate wake-shedding structures near the wing root. For highly swept untapered wings, the wake is steady, while unsteady shedding vortices appear near the tip for tapered wings with high leading-edge sweep angles. For such wings, larger wake oscillations emerge near the root as the taper ratio decreases. While the combination of taper and sweep increases flow unsteadiness, we find that tapered swept wings have more enhanced aerodynamic performance than untapered and unswept wings, exhibiting higher time-averaged lift and lift-to-drag ratio. The current findings shed light on the fundamental aspects of flow separation over tapered wings in the absence of turbulent flow effects.
Optimal waveform for fast synchronization of airfoil wakes
Authors: Godavarthi Vedasri , Kawamura Yoji , Taira Kunihiko
Published: November 2023

We obtain an optimal actuation waveform for fast synchronization of periodic airfoil wakes through the phase reduction approach. Using the phase reduction approach for periodic wake flows, the spatial sensitivity fields with respect to the phase of the vortex shedding are obtained. The phase sensitivity fields can uncover the synchronization properties in the presence of periodic actuation. This study seeks a periodic actuation waveform using phase-based analysis to minimize the time for synchronization to modify the wake shedding frequency of NACA0012 airfoil wakes. This fast synchronization waveform is obtained theoretically from the phase sensitivity function by casting an optimization problem. The obtained optimal actuation waveform becomes increasingly non-sinusoidal for higher angles of attack. Actuation based on the obtained waveform achieves rapid synchronization within as low as two vortex shedding cycles irrespective of the forcing frequency, whereas traditional sinusoidal actuation requires

${O}(10)$

shedding cycles. Further, we analyse the influence of actuation frequency on the vortex shedding and the aerodynamic coefficients using force-element analysis. The present analysis provides an efficient way to modify the vortex lock-on properties in a transient manner with applications to fluid–structure interactions and unsteady flow control.
Capturing the transition from marine to land-terminating glacier from the 126-year retreat history of Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard
Authors: Kavan Jan , Luláková Petra , Małecki Jakub , Strzelecki Mateusz Czesław
Published: November 2023

Svalbard has experienced a dramatic increase in air temperature and glacier retreat since the end of the Little Ice Age. In many cases, this retreat has resulted in glaciers transitioning from being marine-terminating to land-terminating. Nordenskiöldbreen is an excellent contemporary example of this transition. A set of historical observations of glacier front positions was used to assess Nordenskiöldbreen's retreat rate and we found that the southern portion of the glacier front retreated by ~3500 m, since records began in 1896. The general retreat rate corresponds well with the air temperature trend during most of the 20th century. However, the average retreat rate has slowed since the 1990s despite increasing air temperatures. We show that this discrepancy between air temperature and retreat rate marks the transition from marine-terminating towards a land-terminating glacier, as the glacier's bedrock topography started to play an essential role in the glacier margin geometry, ice flow and retreat dynamics.