bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ablation of CaMKIIδ oxidation by CRISPR-Cas9 base editing as a therapy for cardiac disease
Authors: Lebek Simon , Chemello Francesco , Caravia Xurde M. , Tan Wei , Li Hui , Chen Kenian , Xu Lin , Liu Ning , Bassel-Duby Rhonda , Olson Eric N.
Published: January 2023

CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing is emerging as a prospective therapy for genomic mutations. However, current editing approaches are directed primarily toward relatively small cohorts of patients with specific mutations. Here, we describe a cardioprotective strategy potentially applicable to a broad range of patients with heart disease. We used base editing to ablate the oxidative activation sites of CaMKIIδ, a primary driver of cardiac disease. We show in cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells that editing the
CaMKIIδ
gene to eliminate oxidation-sensitive methionine residues confers protection from ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Moreover,
CaMKIIδ
editing in mice at the time of IR enables the heart to recover function from otherwise severe damage.
CaMKIIδ
gene editing may thus represent a permanent and advanced strategy for heart disease therapy.
Gut microbes modulate neurodegeneration
Authors: Jain Tanya , Li Yue-Ming
Published: January 2023

Microbiota mediate neuroinflammation in a genetic- and sex-specific manner in mice
FDA no longer has to require animal testing for new drugs
Authors: Wadman Meredith
Published: January 2023

Agency can rely on animal-free alternatives before human trials
A Positively Selected
fur
-R88H Mutation Enhances Helicobacter pylori Fitness in a High-Salt Environment and Alters Fur-Dependent Regulation of Gene Expression
Authors: Loh John T. , Struttmann Emily L. , Favret Natalie , Harvey M. Lorena , Pakala Suman B. , Chopra Abha , McClain Mark S. , Cover Timothy L.
Published: January 2023

Both
Helicobacter pylori
infection and a high-salt diet are risk factors for gastric cancer. We previously showed that a mutation in
fur
(encoding the ferric uptake regulator variant Fur-R88H) was positively selected in
H. pylori
strains isolated from experimentally infected Mongolian gerbils receiving a high-salt diet.
Usefulness of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry in the Characterization of
Leishmania
Strains Causing Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Bolivia versus
hsp70
Gene Sequencing
Authors: Torrico Mary Cruz , Fernández-Arévalo Anna , Ballart Cristina , Solano Marco , Rojas Ernesto , Abras Alba , Gonzales Fabiola , Arnau Albert , Tebar Silvia , Llovet Teresa , Lozano Daniel , Ariza-Vioque Eva , Gascón Joaquim , Picado Albert , Torrico Faustino , Muñoz Carmen , Gállego Montserrat
Published: January 2023

The objective of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS for the characterization of
Leishmania
species circulating in Bolivia, in comparison with the sequencing of the
hsp70
gene. In our study, all of the isolates could be identified, and no misidentifications were observed at the complex level.
Effect of the Length and Pressure of a Gas Jet on Optical Harmonics Generation by 4.5-μm Femtosecond Laser Radiation of a Fe:ZnSe Laser System
Authors: Rumiantsev B. V. , Pushkin A. V. , Mikheev K. E. , Potemkin F. V.
Published: January 2023

The effect of the length and pressure of an argon gas jet on low-order harmonics (5th, 7th, 9th, and 11th) generation by 4.5-μm femtosecond laser radiation of a Fe:ZnSe laser system has been studied experimentally. It has been shown that an increase in the length of the generation medium up to the waist length allows one to increase the generation efficiency by a factor of 12. It has also been demonstrated that a change in the length of the gas medium changes the pressure dependence of the energy of the generated radiation because of change in the phase matching conditions, whose correct simulation requires the inclusion of nonlinear propagation effects for pump pulse and generated harmonics.
Management of a recurrent right juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma using direct tumorous puncture embolisation and a subtemporal-preauricular infratemporal fossa surgical approach
Authors: Linton Stefan , Mani Navin , Stockley Hannah , Pathmanaban Omar
Published: January 2023

A juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a benign vascular tumour that arises from the pterygopalatine fossa. It is seen near exclusively in young males though female cases have been reported. Symptoms are due to their high vascularity and mass effect. Commonly reported symptoms include: nasal obstruction, epistaxis and nasal discharge. The mainstay of treatment is surgical resection either via an endonasal endoscopic approach or open surgical resection. Preoperative embolisation has been shown to decrease intraoperative bleeding. Embolisation may be undertaken via a transarterial (TA) approach or, more recently, via direct tumorous puncture (DTP). Options for recurrent or residual disease may include revision surgery, radiotherapy or close clinical surveillance. The following case presentation describes the management of a recurrent JNA in an adult male using preoperative embolisation via a combination of TA and DTP embolisation and an open surgical resection via a subtemporal-preauricular infratemporal fossa approach.
Long delay from symptom onset to first consultation contributes to permanent vision loss in patients with giant cell arteritis: a cohort study
Authors: Hemmig Andrea Katharina , Aschwanden Markus , Seiler Sabine , Berger Christoph T , Köhn Philipp , Kyburz Diego , Mensch Noemi , Staub Daniel , Stegert Mihaela , Imfeld Stephan , Daikeler Thomas
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To characterise factors associated with permanent vision loss (PVL) and potential reasons for the therapeutic delay contributing to PVL in giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Methods

Retrospective analysis of GCA patients diagnosed at the University Hospital Basel between December 2006 and May 2021.

Results

Of 282 patients with GCA (64% females), 49 (17.4%) experienced PVL. In 43/49 (87.8%) PVL occurred before treatment. Of these, 24 (55.8%) patients had first non-ocular symptoms and eventually sought consultation when PVL occurred in a median of 21 (IQR 14.75–31.0) days after the first symptoms. Only five of the 24 patients had consulted a physician before PVL, but GCA diagnosis was missed. Treatment was initiated rapidly after diagnosis (median 1 day (IQR 0.0–7.0)). PVL on therapy occurred in six patients in a median of 40 (IQR 20.5–67.3) days after treatment started. In two of those, glucocorticoids were tapered too quickly.

In multivariable analysis, patients with PVL were older (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.29, p=0.001) and reported more frequently jaw claudication (OR 3.52, 95% CI 1.02 to 13.16, p=0.051). PVL was present in 18 (42.9%) of the 42 patients with vasculitic ultrasound findings in all six temporal artery segments. The incidence of PVL over 15 years did not decline (Spearman rank=0.3, p=0.68).

Conclusion

The prevalence of GCA-associated PVL remains high. Associated factors were advanced age, jaw claudication and ultrasound findings consistent with vasculitis in all six temporal artery segments. Despite preceding non-ocular GCA symptoms weeks before the onset of PVL, most patients were not seen by a rheumatologist before PVL occurred.
A sorption isotherm model for soil incorporating external and internal surface adsorption, and capillarity
Authors: Hu Shaojie , Zhang Chao
Published: January 2023

Soil water sorption isotherm is governed by soil–water interactions of adsorption and capillarity, depending on particle surface properties and pore size distribution, respectively. Recent studies have separated soil particle surfaces into two categories in terms of distinct adsorption behaviors, i.e., external and internal surfaces, identifying three independent sorption processes with varying energy levels, namely external adsorption, internal adsorption, and capillarity. Here, an isotherm model is developed to describe water sorption on soils in the full relative humidity ( RH) range by incorporating the three physical processes. The internal and external adsorptions are represented by an augmented-Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (A-BET) equation, and capillarity is described by Kosugi’s model. Two scaling factors are introduced to expand A-BET equation’s application RH range from 0%−40% to 0%−100%—one for the reduction of available adsorption area in restricted pores and another for the disparity between heats of adsorption and liquefaction. Experimental validation demonstrates that the proposed model excellently matches the isotherm data for a wide array of soils in the full RH range. Further, the proposed model performs well in capturing soil water retention data in the full matric potential range, providing a seamless linkage between soil sorption isotherm and water retention behaviors.
Elevation gradient drives distribution of soil carbon in a semiarid grassland of British Columbia
Authors: Kramer A. , Wallace B.M. , Krzic M. , Newman R. , Bradfield G.E.
Published: January 2023

A sequence of Brown, Dark Brown and Black Chernozems spanning a 600 m elevation gradient in a semiarid bunchgrass ecosystem (Lac du Bois Grassland) near Kamloops, British Columbia was first described in 1961. More soil organic carbon (SOC) at higher elevations along the sequence was attributed to increasing effective precipitation with increasing elevation. Since the 1961 study, plant community composition has shifted toward the desired climax community due to improved livestock management instituted in the 1970s; however, changes in soil carbon stocks remain unknown. The objective of this study was to quantify SOC and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stocks using the same site selection criteria as used in 1961. SOC stocks (kg m−2 ± SD; 0–60 cm) were similar for Brown (5.73 ± 1.7) and Dark Brown Chernozems (5.87 ± 0.76) but increased sharply (10.11 ± 2.5) for the higher elevation Black Chernozems. SIC increased with depth in all three soil zones, representing 33%–50% of total C from the 30–60 cm soil depth. To evaluate changes in SOC (0–20 cm) from the 1961 measurements, three different approaches for calculating SOC stocks were used based on the inclusion or exclusion of coarse fragments. Results varied across the three soil zones from no change to a 20% increase in the Brown, an increase of 7% to a reduction of 26% in the Dark Brown, and a decrease of 12% to 35% in the Black soil zone. Information about soil coarse fragments and the distribution of SOC and SIC stocks within the soil profile is crucial for accurate comparisons across studies or resampling events.
Strengthening a One Health approach to emerging zoonoses
Authors: Mubareka Samira , Amuasi John , Banerjee Arinjay , Carabin Hélène , Copper Jack Joe , Jardine Claire , Jaroszewicz Bogdan , Keefe Greg , Kotwa Jonathon , Kutz Susan , McGregor Deborah , Mease Anne , Nicholson Lily , Nowak Katarzyna , Pickering Brad , Reed Maureen G. , Saint-Charles Johanne , Simonienko Katarzyna , Smith Trevor , Scott Weese J. , Jane Parmley E.
Published: January 2023

Given the enormous global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Canada, and manifold other zoonotic pathogen activity, there is a pressing need for a deeper understanding of the human-animal-environment interface and the intersecting biological, ecological, and societal factors contributing to the emergence, spread, and impact of zoonotic diseases. We aim to apply a One Health approach to pressing issues related to emerging zoonoses, and propose a functional framework of interconnected but distinct groups of recommendations around strategy and governance, technical leadership (operations), equity, education and research for a One Health approach and Action Plan for Canada. Change is desperately needed, beginning by reorienting our approach to health and recalibrating our perspectives to restore balance with the natural world in a rapid and sustainable fashion. In Canada, a major paradigm shift in how we think about health is required. All of society must recognize the intrinsic value of all living species and the importance of the health of humans, other animals, and ecosystems to health for all.
High-sensitivity Goos–Hänchen shift gas sensor based on subwavelength hyperbolic metamaterials
Authors: Ma Ji , Wei Manli , Wu Di , Liu Sitong , Li Runhua , Sun Lulu
Published: January 2023

Optical gas sensors play an increasingly important role in many applications, particularly for the detection of toxic gases. A novel Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift optical gas sensing scheme based on subwavelength hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) is proposed. The GH shift intensity, direction and the critical wavelength characteristics were revealed. By virtue of the GH shift and subwavelength HMMs characteristics, we designed an ultra-sensitive gas sensor to detect helium (He), hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4). The study shows that the sensitivities of the gas sensor can reach as high as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. With proper surface chemical modification, this GH shift gas sensor would be a powerful tool for high-sensitive gas sensing applications.
CFD-modeling of fluid flow in Ansys Fluent using Python-based code for automation of repeating calculations
Authors: Papkov Vyacheslav , Shadymov Nikita , Pashchenko Dmitry
Published: January 2023

CFD-modeling for numerical investigation is used in a wide range of applied tasks, e.g. in fluid mechanics. To better understand the effect of operational parameters on the final results, some tasks are associated with carrying out monotonous, repetitive calculations for a wide range of operational parameters such as velocity, flow direction and temperature. In this paper, a Python-based code for automation of the repeating calculations in CFD-modeling was developed and described. The automation code was tested for CFD-modeling in Ansys Fluent for two flow dynamic tasks: a simple 2D-geometry — NACA0018 airfoil, and a complex 3D-geometry — packed bed with heat transfer. Three different computers with various computational power were used for the comparison. The results of CFD-modeling were compared with the experimental data. The efficiency of using Python-based code was evaluated through comparison with the results of manual (without automation) calculation. It was established that the application of the Python-based code does not affect the accuracy of numerical results. At the same time, utilization of the Python-based code can save up to 25% of computation time for the simple 2D-geometries with a moderately low number of elements in the mesh, and up to 15% for the complex 3D-geometries with a number of elements in several millions. The compiled Python-based code is attached as supplementary material to this paper.
Down closed-quasi-injectivity of partially ordered acts
Authors: Yavari Mahdieh
Published: January 2023

Action of a pomonoid on partially ordered sets ([Formula: see text]-posets) has beautiful aspects in practical subjects such as automata theory, projection algebra and theoretical computer science which makes it always capture the interest of mathematicians. On the other hand, the study of different kinds of weakly injectivity (which category theory inherited from homological and commutative algebra) is an interesting subject for mathematicians. One of the important kinds of weakly injectivity is quasi-injectivity. In this paper, we study quasi-injectivity in the category of [Formula: see text]-posets with respect to special kind of order embeddings, namely, down-closed embeddings (dc-quasi-injectivity).
A Six-Level Time-Split Leap-Frog/ Crank–Nicolson Approach for Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Time-Dependent Convection Diffusion Reaction Equation
Authors: Ngondiep Eric
Published: January 2023

This paper analyzes the stability and convergence rate of a six-level time-split Leap-frog/ Crank–Nicolson method in the approximate solutions of two-dimensional nonlinear time-dependent convection-diffusion-reaction equations subjects to appropriate initial and boundary conditions. The computational time of the proposed algorithm is greatly improved thanks to the form of the splitting. Under a suitable time-step restriction, both theoretical and numerical results provided by the new approach are deeply analyzed in [Formula: see text]-norm ([Formula: see text]). A broad range of numerical examples suggest that the considered model is fast, temporal second-order accurate and spatial fourth-order convergent. This shows the utility and efficiency of the new formulation.
NIPG Finite Element Method for Convection-Dominated Diffusion Problems with Discontinuous Data
Authors: Yadav Ram Prasad , Rai Pratima , Sharma Kapil K.
Published: January 2023

This paper presents the nonsymmetric interior penalty Galerkin (NIPG) finite element method for a class of one-dimensional convection dominated diffusion problems with discontinuous coefficients. The solution of the considered class of problem exhibits boundary and interior layers. Piecewise uniform Shishkin-type meshes are used for the spatial discretization. The error estimates in the energy norm have been derived for the proposed schemes. Theoretical results are supported by conducting numerical experiments. It is established that the errors are uniform with respect to the perturbation parameter [Formula: see text]. The uniformness of the error estimates with the perturbation parameter [Formula: see text] has also been established numerically for [Formula: see text]- norm.
Calculation of Dynamic Responses of a Cracked Beam on Visco-Elastic Foundation Subjected to Moving Loads, and its Application to a Railway Track Model
Authors: Tran Le-Hung , Le-Nguyen Khuong
Published: January 2023

In this study, the dynamic responses of a cracked beam layed on a visco-elastic foundation subjected to moving loads are calculated. An Euler–Bernoulli beam model is used to describe the beam behaviors. In addition, the beam has several open cracks one-sided with different depths. By using the Fourier transform, the dynamic responses of the beam are determined analytically in the frequency domain with the help of Green’s function. By coupling with the periodic supported beam model, an analytical model of the railway sleeper is developed. This model allows the fast calculation of the dynamic responses of a damaged sleeper. A dynamic computational model using the FEM method was also developed and compared to the analytical model. The results from the two methods are relatively comparable for three cases of beams without cracks, beams with one crack, and beams with two cracks.
Lactate as a myokine and exerkine: drivers and signals of physiology and metabolism
Authors: Brooks George A. , Osmond Adam D. , Arevalo Jose A. , Duong Justin J. , Curl Casey C. , Moreno-Santillan Diana D. , Leija Robert G.
Published: January 2023

Lactate sensing and signaling is a relatively new and rapidly changing field. As a physiological signal lactate works both independently and in concert with other signals. Lactate operates via covalent binding and canonical signaling, redox change, and lactylation of DNA. Lactate can also serve as an element of feedback loops in cardiopulmonary regulation. From conception through aging lactate is not the only a myokine or exerkine, but it certainly deserves consideration as a physiological signal.
Asymmetrical nasal high flow ventilation improves clearance of CO2 from the anatomical dead space and increases positive airway pressure
Authors: Tatkov Stanislav , Rees Monique , Gulley Anton , van den Heuij Lotte G. T. , Nilius Georg
Published: January 2023

The asymmetrical interface generated reverse flow in the nasal cavities and across the choana, which led to unidirectional purging of expired gas from the upper airways. This accelerated the clearance of anatomical dead space and reduced re-breathing while increased resistance to flow resulted in higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). These findings are relevant to patients with elevated respiratory rates or with expiratory flow limitations where dead-space clearance by NHF can be substantially reduced.
Examining the shared etiology of psychopathology with genome-wide association studies
Authors: Mallard Travis T. , Grotzinger Andrew D. , Smoller Jordan W.
Published: January 2023

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have ushered in a new era of reproducible discovery in psychiatric genetics. The field has now identified hundreds of common genetic variants that are associated with mental disorders, and many of them influence more than one disorder. By advancing the understanding of causal biology underlying psychopathology, GWAS results are poised to inform the development of novel therapeutics, stratification of at-risk patients, and perhaps even the revision of top-down classification systems in psychiatry. Here, we provide a concise review of GWAS findings with an emphasis on findings that have elucidated the shared genetic etiology of psychopathology, summarizing insights at three levels of analysis: 1) genome-wide architecture; 2) networks, pathways, and gene sets; and 3) individual variants/genes. Three themes emerge from these efforts. First, all psychiatric phenotypes are heritable, highly polygenic, and influenced by many pleiotropic variants with incomplete penetrance. Second, GWAS results highlight the broad etiological roles of neuronal biology, system-wide effects over localized effects, and early neurodevelopment as a critical period. Third, many loci that are robustly associated with multiple forms of psychopathology harbor genes that are involved in synaptic structure and function. Finally, we conclude our review by discussing the implications that GWAS results hold for the field of psychiatry, as well as expected challenges and future directions in the next stage of psychiatric genetics.
A Case of Previously Undiagnosed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Presenting as Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage
Authors: Iqbal Henna , Screws Benny , Khan Muhammad S.
Published: January 2023

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is described as the collection of blood in alveolar spaces caused by damaged pulmonary vasculature. It often presents as a life-threatening medical emergency that requires urgent medical intervention along with timely diagnosis and management of the underlying cause. We hereby report a 19-year-old female who presented with clinical and radiological characteristics consistent with DAH. Laboratory workup studies revealed a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as well as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. This report describes an extremely unusual case of undiagnosed SLE and coexistent tuberculosis presenting as DAH. This leads to an interesting possibility of risks in patients with immune-mediated vasculitis towards developing severe pulmonary disease in the setting of pulmonary mycobacterial infection.
Lumbrokinase, a Fibrinolytic Enzyme, Prevents Intra‐Abdominal Adhesion by Inhibiting the Migrative and Adhesive Activities of Fibroblast via Attenuation of the AP‐1/ICAM‐1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Nguyen Que Thanh Thanh , Rhee Hyemin , Kim Mikyung , Lee Moo Yeol , Lee Eun-Ju
Published: January 2023

Intra‐abdominal adhesion is a complication following abdominal surgery caused by the suppression of fibrinolytic activity and aggravated fibroblast invasion of the injured area, which may lead to chronic illnesses such as chronic pain, intestinal obstruction, and female infertility. This study hypothesized that lumbrokinase, a fibrinolytic enzyme extracted from the earthworm, supports the wound healing process. Therefore, we assessed the effect of lumbrokinase on intra‐abdominal adhesion. Lumbrokinase treatment significantly decreased the severity and the area of intra‐abdominal adhesion in vivo in a dose‐dependent manner compared with the controls (untreated and hyaluronate‐treated). Lumbrokinase‐associated adverse effects were not observed. Immunohistochemical analysis of adhesion tissues revealed a loosened adhesive band between tissues, coupled with significantly decreased peritoneal thickening in the lumbrokinase‐treated group versus the control group. Three‐dimensional spheroid, MTT, and scratch wound migration assays using the IMR‐90 human fibroblast cell line demonstrated that lumbrokinase significantly attenuated the migration and adhesive activity of fibroblasts without compromising cell proliferation. The luciferase assay and western blot analysis showed that lumbrokinase inhibited the AP‐1/ICAM‐1 cell adhesion signaling pathway. Therefore, lumbrokinase decreases intra‐abdominal adhesion and peritoneal thickening by augmenting fibrinolytic action and inhibiting fibroblast migration and adhesive activity via attenuation of the AP‐1/ICAM‐1 signaling pathway. Lumbrokinase is thus a promising agent to prevent intra‐abdominal adhesion.
New Exact Solutions of Landau-Ginzburg-Higgs Equation Using Power Index Method
Authors: Ahmad Khalil , Bibi Khudija , Arif Muhammad Shoaib , Abodayeh Kamaleldin
Published: January 2023

In the present study, the optimality approach is applied to find the exact solution of the Landau-Ginzburg-Higgs Equation (LGHE) using new transformations. This method is a direct algebraic method for obtaining exact solutions of nonlinear differential equations. We find suitable solutions of the LGHE in terms of elliptic Jacobi functions by applying transformations of basic functions. Exact solutions of the equations are obtained with the help of symbolic software (Maple) which allows the computation of equations with parameter constants. It is exposed that PIM is influential, suitable, and shortest and offers an exact solution of LGHE.
The Efficiency of Stem Cells (SCs) Differentiation into Functional Hepatocytes for Treating Liver Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nemati Marzieh , Ebrahimi Zahra , Abolhassani Sareh , Nemati Fatemeh , Ebrahimi Bahareh , Alizadeh Aliakbar
Published: January 2023

Stem cells provided new opportunity to treat various diseases, including liver disorders. Stem cells are unspecialized cells, stimulating influential research interest be indebted to their multipotent self‐renewal capacity and differentiation characteristics into several specialized cell types. Many factors contribute to their differentiation into different cell types such as insulin producing cells, osteoblast, and hepatocytes. Accordingly, wide range methods and materials have been used to transform stem cells into hepatocytes, but effectiveness of differentiation is different and depends on several factors such as cell‐to‐cell adhesion, cell‐to‐cell contact, and cell biological change. Search was done in PubMed, Scopus, and WOS to evaluate results of studies about stem cells differentiation for higher efficacy. Among more than 28000 papers, 51 studies were considered eligible for more evaluations. Results indicated that most studies were performed on mesenchymal stem cells compared with other types. Acute liver failure was the most investigated liver disorder, and tissue engineering was the most investigated differentiation methods. Also, functional parameters were the most evaluated parameters in assessing differentiation efficacy. We summarize recent advances in increasing efficiency of stem cells differentiation using varied materials, since promising results of this review, further studies are needed to assess efficiency and safety of these cells transplantation in some liver disease treatment.
On a Solution of a Third Kind Mixed Integro-Differential Equation with Singular Kernel Using Orthogonal Polynomial Method
Authors: Alalyani Ahmad , Abdou M. A. , Basseem M.
Published: January 2023

This paper deals with the solution of a third kind mixed integro-differential equation (MIDE) in displacement type in space

L

2

−
1
,
1

×
C

0
,
T

,
T
<
1

. The singular kernel is modified to take a logarithmic form, while the kernels of time are continuous and positive functions. Using the separation of variables technique, we have a system of Fredholm integral equations (FIEs) that can be transformed into an algebraic system after using orthogonal polynomials. In all the previous researchers’ works, the time periods were divided, and the mixed equation transformed into an algebraic system of FIEs. While when using the separation method, we are able to obtain FIE with time coefficients, and these functions are described as an integral operator in time. Thus, we can study the behavior of the solution with the time dimension in a broader and deeper than the previous one. Some examples are given and discussed to show the performance and efficiency of the proposed methods.
Analysis of the Safety of Drug Allergy Workups in a Spanish University Hospital: Drug Characteristics, Type of Reaction, and Patients’ Age at the Initial Assessment
Authors: Peña-Acevedo Yesenia , Rosado-Ingelmo Ana , Vargas Porras Wendy , Brandoni-Petrone Marianela , Tejedor-Alonso Miguel A.
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The drug provocation test (DPT) is the gold standard for the drug allergy workup; however, it is not free from severe adverse reactions. Our aim was to obtain robust data that predict a reaction during or after the DPT at the first contact with the patient in the allergy outpatient clinic. Methods: The population of this cross-sectional study comprised all patients undergoing a drug allergy workup (clinical assessment, specific IgE, or skin tests, or DPT) at University Hospital Fundacion Alcorcon in 2016. DPTs were performed until therapeutic doses were reached, and late reactions were checked. The clinical disorders assessed in our study were classified mainly as absence of allergic reactions, morbilliform rash, urticaria, anaphylaxis, and other cutaneous disorders. Results: Physicians from the Allergy Unit programmed drug allergy workups in 977 patients (median age, 52 years; women, 64.54%). DPTs were not performed for 165 drugs involved in the reactions. Patients who did not undergo DPT were older than patients who did (positive or negative) (p = 0.0001). Positive DPT results were detected in 6.00% of DPTs performed, and most were for amoxicillin and metamizole (15–25% each). Multinomial logistic regression showed that positive reactions were more probable after DPT if the same clinical disorder was diagnosed at the first visit, including the episodes not considered allergic episodes (OR = 0.2, <0.01), except for anaphylaxis, which favored not performing DPTs (OR = 11, p < 0.001). Conclusion: We conclude that clinical practice in the diagnosis of drug allergy in our Allergy Department is safe, without over-diagnosis.
CANNabinoid Drug Interaction Review (CANN-DIR™)
Authors: Kocis Paul T. , Wadrose Samuel , Wakefield Ryan Lee , Ahmed Aqib , Calle Renata , Gajjar Rohan , Vrana Kent E.
Published: January 2023

Non-prescription cannabidiol (CBD) and medical marijuana (cannabis) currently do not have US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved prescribing information nor a dedicated resource to evaluate potential cannabinoid drug-drug interactions with other medications. The CANNabinoid Drug Interaction Review (CANN-DIR™) is a free web-based platform that has been developed to screen for potential drug-drug interactions from the perspective of how a cannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), CBD, or a combination of THC/CBD may affect the metabolism of another prescribed medication. CANN-DIR™ is based on FDA-approved prescribing information for the prescription cannabinoids (dronabinol, nabilone, nabiximols, and prescription CBD) and other FDA-approved prescribing information for medications sharing similar metabolic enzymes (e.g., the FDA “Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers”). The Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) was the source of drug-drug interaction information for the combined ∆9-THC & CBD product nabiximols (Sativex®). CANN-DIR™ provides an expeditious review of cannabinoid drug-drug interaction information, and also a platform from which the patient and health care provider can print out the search results to either initiate a conversation, or for the health care provider to provide a written information sheet to supplement their verbal discussion. Additionally, to more effectively reach a global audience, the end user of CANN-DIR™ has the ability to currently navigate and print results in any of the following ten languages: Chinese, English, French, German, Nepali, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, and Vietnamese.
How to Diagnose Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma on Cytological Samples? A Series with Emphasis on Diagnostic Clue and Pitfalls
Authors: Montella Marco , Lucà Stefano , Ronchi Andrea , Marino Federica Zito , Caputo Alessandro , Sica Antonello , Zeppa Pio , Franco Renato , Cozzolino Immacolata
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare mature T-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma characterized by large and pleomorphic neoplastic CD30-positive T cells. ALCL includes different subtypes with different clinical and biological features: systemic ALCL, primary cutaneous ALCL, breast implant-associated ALCL (BIA-ALCL). Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is overexpressed and rearranged in some systemic cases. Diagnosis of ALCL may be challenging on cytological samples, but the correct diagnosis is mandatory for the management of the patient. Methods: A retrospective series of 12 ALCLs diagnosed by cytology is reported. Cytological samples included lymph nodes and skin lesions fine needle aspiration cytology, peritoneal effusion, and periprosthetic fluid. Microscopic evaluation was performed on direct smears, cell-block sections, and cytocentrifugated slides. Immunocytochemistry was performed on cell-block sections, direct smears, and cytocentrifugated slides. Molecular evaluation by fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on cell-block sections. Results: The series included 4 ALK+ ALCLs, 5 ALK− ALCLs, and 3 BIA-ALCLs. FNAC was performed on lymph nodes in 8 cases and on skin lesion in 1 case. In this last case, a peritoneal effusion was also evaluated. Breast periprosthetic fluids were evaluated in 3 cases. A large immunocytochemical panel was performed in each case, and FISH in 3 cases, demonstrating ALK rearrangement in a case of ALK+ ALCL. A final diagnosis was rendered in all cases. In the case of skin lesion, the differential diagnosis between systemic ALCL and primary cutaneous ALCL was possible. Conclusion: The cytological diagnosis of ALCL may be challenging, and the proper management of the collected sample is mandatory. The rapid on-site evaluation and the realization of a cell block are strongly recommended. Immunocytochemistry is mandatory for the diagnosis and a large antibodies panel is needed as differential diagnosis includes many different neoplasms. FISH may be useful to evaluate ALK rearrangements. When properly managed, cytology can lead to a reliable final diagnosis of ALCL.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on Root Caries
Authors: Ji Mengzhen , Fu Di , Liao Ga , Zou Ling
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to review the current state of the root caries field, explore the current hot topic, and anticipate future research frontiers. The Web of Science Core Collections was searched to acquire publications that were relevant to root caries from 1992 to 2021. After retrieval and manual screening, the co-occurrence and co-operation analysis of keywords and countries/institutions/authors were performed through CiteSpace and VOSviewer based on two periods (1992–2006 and 2007–2021). From 1992 to 2021, 451 unique publications were selected. The USA, which has been the center of international cooperation, has produced the most publications in the research area in 1992–2021. Journal of Dental Research and Caries Research are the main counterpart journals in the field of root caries. The University of London is the institution with the highest number of publications in the analyzed 30 years. “Demineralization,” “remineralization,” “aged,” “dentin,” and “fluoride” have been commonly used as keywords throughout the past 30 years. More studies from different aspects have been published in the field of root caries in recent years (2007–2021). The findings of this study provide a full picture of the last 30 years in this research area; hopefully, they also provide essential information for researchers and policymakers to make decisions.
Potential of Ascorbic Acid Supplements to Ameliorate the Deleterious Effects of Hyperuricemia on Albino Wistar Rats’ Hippocampus (Structural and Functional Study)
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed S. , Mona Marwa M. , Elsisy Rasha A. , Hantash Ehab M.
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Diet rich in purines may increase the serum level of uric acid causing hyperuricemia, contributing to learning and memory to impairments. Ascorbic acid has a potent antioxidant potential. The hippocampus is a pivotal component of human brains and other vertebrates that plays crucial roles in the consolidation of information and spatial memory. Our study was mainly designated to examine the potential palliative role of ascorbic acid supplements on harmful effects induced hyperuricemia on the hippocampus of albino Wistar rats. Methods: Forty rats were subgrouped into the control group, ascorbate-only group, hyperuricemic group, and combined hyperuricemia and ascorbate group. Results: Ascorbic acid has strongly preserved the histological architecture and maintained the normal hippocampal functions in the hyperuricemic group. Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of ascorbic acid could protect the hippocampus of albino Wistar rats against the hazardous impact of hyperuricemia.
A new taxon of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) from the southern Iberian Peninsula (Andalusia, Spain)
Authors: CASIMIRO-SORIGUER SOLANAS FEDERICO , HIDALGO-TRIANA NOELIA
Published: January 2023

A new species, Euphorbia guadalhorcensis of Euphorbia subgenus Esula, section Paralias is described and illustrated. The new species can be separated from the other species in the section by several morphological characteristics, such as chamaephytic and erect habit, and the presence of indumentum on the leaves, stems, dichasia, cyathia, and fruits. In addition, a morphometric study of the ibero-balearic species of sect. Paralias showed that the seeds of the new species are different by having the longest caruncles and highest relation caruncle length/seed length. The new taxon occurs on the low, xeric, and rocky mountains of Sierra del Hacho de Pizarra and Sierra del Hacho de Álora, both localised in the Guadalhorce River Valley in the province of Malaga (Andalusia, Spain).
Review of the genus Formosatettix Tinkham (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with description of new taxa, new synonymy and an updated key to species
Authors: DENG WEI-AN , LUO JIE-LING , HUANG CHAO-MEI , LIN LI-LIANG
Published: January 2023

The genus Formosatettix Tinkham is reviewed. Seven new species from China, Formosatettix cliva Deng, sp. nov., Formosatettix guangyuanensis Deng, sp. nov., Formosatettix shuimogouensis Deng, sp. nov., Formosatettix strictivertex Deng, sp. nov., Formosatettix tangjiaheensis Deng, sp. nov., Formosatettix yueqingensis Deng, sp. nov., Formosatettix zheminzhengi Deng, sp. nov. are described and illustrated. One new name is proposed: Formosatettix latifemurus Deng, nom. nov. One new combination is established: Formosatettix nyalamensis (Zheng & Lin, 2015), comb. nov. The following new synonyms are established: Bolivaritettix circocephalus Zheng, 1992 = Formosatettix torulosinota Zheng & Mao, 2002, syn. nov., Criotettix bispinosus (Dalman, 1818) = Formosatettix hainanensis Zheng, 2012, syn. nov., Epitettix guangxiensis (Zheng & Jiang, 1994) = Formosatettix guangxiensis Zheng & Jiang, 1998, syn. nov., Formosatettix longwangshanensis Zheng, 1998 = Formosatettix tianmushanensis Zheng & Li, 2001, syn. nov., Formosatettix serrifemora Deng, 2019 = Formosatettix wulongensis Zha & Ding, 2020, syn. nov., Formosatettix huapingensis Zheng & Jiang, 1997 = Formosatettix nanlingensis Zheng & Cao, 2011, syn. nov. = Formosatettix undulatifemura, Zheng, 2012, syn. nov. = Formosatettix guposhanensis Deng, 2019, syn. nov. In addition, Formosatettix leigongshanensis Zha & Ding, 2020 is briefly commented.
The Key Role of Cloud–Climate Coupling in Extratropical Sea Surface Temperature Variability
Authors: Boehm Chloe L. , Thompson David W. J.
Published: January 2023

Cloud radiative effects have long been known to play a key role in governing the mean climate. In recent years, it has become clear that they also contribute to climate variability in the tropics. Here we build on recent work and probe the role of cloud radiative effects in extratropical sea surface temperature (SST) variability. The impact of cloud radiative effects on climate variability is explored in “cloud-locking” simulations run on an Earth System Model. The method involves comparing the output from two climate simulations: one in which clouds are coupled to atmospheric dynamic and thermodynamic processes, and another in which clouds are prescribed and thus decoupled from them. The results reveal that cloud–climate coupling leads to widespread increases in the amplitudes of extratropical SST variability from monthly to decadal time scales. Notably, it leads to ∼40%–100% increases in the amplitude of monthly to decadal variability over both the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. These increases are consistent with the “reddening” of cloud shortwave radiative effects that arises when clouds respond to the dynamic and thermodynamic state of the atmosphere. The results suggest that a notable fraction of observed Northern Hemisphere SST variability—including that associated with North Pacific and North Atlantic decadal variability—is due to cloud–climate coupling.
The Trinitarian Theologies of Bonaventure and Balthasar and the Ontological Objection to the Ordination of Women
Authors: Norman Dave
Published: January 2023

The article aims to show that the ontological objection to women’s ordination fails to convince when examined in light of the trinitarian theologies of Bonaventure and Hans Urs von Balthasar. The former argued for the Incarnate Son of God as the coincidence of opposites of the Father and the Holy Spirit, and of Creator and creature; the latter expressed the difference between the immanent and economic Trinity by means of ‘trinitarian inversion,’ where the roles of the Son and the Holy Spirit in the immanent Trinity are reversed in the economic Trinity. Trinitarian inversion becomes central to the full configuration of men and women to Christ the High Priest. Restricting the ministerial priesthood to men is theologically unsound. Since both women and men, who have been baptized into Christ, have put on Christ (the ‘coincidence of opposites’), both are the face of Christ to and for the world.
Health, Suicidal Thoughts, and the Life Course: How Worsening Health Emerges as a Determinant of Suicide Ideation in Early Adulthood
Authors: Graham Carlyn , Fenelon Andrew
Published: January 2023

Poor physical health places adults at greater risk for suicide ideation. However, the linkage between health and suicidal thoughts may emerge and become established during early adulthood, concomitant with other social processes underlying suicidality. Using nationally representative survey data from Waves III through V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 8,331), we examine the emergence of health as a predictor of suicide ideation across the early adult life course (ages 18–43). We find that worsening health does not significantly predict suicide ideation until young adults approach the transition into midlife. Our findings suggest this may be due to the increasing severity of health problems, reduced social network engagement, and disruption of social responsibilities later in early adulthood. Our findings underscore the need for social science research to examine the relationship between mental and physical health from a life course perspective.
Compelled Turnout and Democratic Turnout: Why They Are Different
Authors: Destri Chiara
Published: January 2023

One strategy in defence of compulsory voting is based on what I call the non-instrumental value of high turnout: the idea that almost-universal participation in elections is valuable per se. This article argues that we do not have democratic reasons to value compelled turnout. First, thanks to an original analysis of the practice of voting, I identify three constitutive rules that make the physical acts of marking and casting a ballot count as proper voting. This preliminary analysis serves to illuminate the fact that the act of voting has democratic value if it is performed in a free and reason-responsive way. Second, I identify political equality and popular control as democratic values that high turnout expresses. Finally, the article rejects the non-instrumental case for compulsory voting because it cannot ensure that people vote in a reason-responsive way and, if they do not, high turnout lacks democratic value.
Xenophobia and Xenophilia, the Bright and Dark Sides of Attitude Towards Foreigners: A Self-Determination Theory Approach
Authors: Barberis Nadia , Costa Sebastiano , Castiglione Claudia
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The intensification of the migration phenomenon led to a growing interest in the public domain about the attitudes towards foreigners. Xenophobia and xenophilia are two opposite orientations towards foreigners, that could be considered the consequences of the interaction between several factors. Based on the self-determination theory, this study aims to verify that a bright pathway composed by intrinsic goal, needs satisfaction and altruism could explain xenophilia, whereas a dark pathway composed by extrinsic goal, needs frustration, and egoism could explain xenophobia in a group of Italian emerging adult. Methods: A group of 306 Italian emerging adults (aged 18–24), completed questionnaires and structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesized model. Results: The results showed a relation between intrinsic goals and needs satisfaction, conversely needs satisfaction was related to altruism, moreover altruism was related to xenophilia. On the other hand, extrinsic goals were related to need frustration; moreover, need frustration was related to egoism and egoism was related to xenophobia. Discussion: These results were discussed within the Italian context for a better general comprehension of both xenophobia and xenophilia in a SDT framework.
Proposal of a module-driven architecture for building simulation models devoted to container terminals: dilemmas in applying generic, flexible, and modular principles
Authors: Abourraja Mohamed Nezar , Kringos Nicole , Meijer Sebastiaan
Published: January 2023

Container terminals are complex systems where containerized cargo undergoes a set of processing and handling operations to be delivered to their outgoing modes. A pool of decision support methods and simulation models has been developed to assist planners and managers in making decisions about daily operations. Nevertheless, most are designed for a particular terminal and not generic types. Indeed, a generic model serves as a conceptual factory to create specific models which greatly reduces the time and efforts of development; however, building such a model is no mean feat. To this aim, the paper on hand discusses the complexity of applying genericity, flexibility, and modularity in system modeling and proposes a generic architecture to build modular and flexible simulation models for container terminals. This architecture is split into a set of smaller, manageable, well-connected, and generic modules that facilitate the creation of highly parametrized specific models. An illustrative example of the architecture usage is presented in a case study, the new container terminal of Stockholm, and the resulting models were validated by subject matter experts. Finally, to prove its efficiency, a numerical study fed with real data is conducted to investigate the handling capacity of the studied system under different handling and flow scenarios. The obtained results show that the terminal handling capacity can be increased by around 50% if three to four more straddle carriers are added to the existing fleet.