bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Portfolio Construction via Machine Learning: ESG, SDG and Sentiment
Authors: Feng Xin , von Mettenheim Hans‐Jörg , Sermpinis Georgios , Stasinakis Charalampos
Published: November 2024

This study proposes portfolio construction strategies based on novel sentiment, ESG and SDG scores. We utilize natural language processing to establish a novel daily score system that mitigates concerns of different rating standards. The portfolios constructed are optimized via machine learning algorithms on a monthly basis using daily historical returns. Utilizing the equal‐weighted portfolios as benchmarks, we empirically show that our optimized portfolios exhibit better trading performance in both the SPX500 and STOXX600 indices. The findings demonstrate that nonlinear models such as random forests, neural networks, and genetic algorithms can perform better than other machine learning models in portfolio management.
Prioritizing Conservation Areas for the Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) in Brazil From Low‐Coverage Genomic Data
Authors: Vilaça Sibelle Torres , Dalapicolla Jeronymo , Soares Renata , Guedes Neiva Maria Robaldo , Miyaki Cristina Y. , Aleixo Alexandre
Published: November 2024

Estimates of current genetic diversity and population connectivity are especially important for endangered species that are subject to illegal harvesting and trafficking. Genetic monitoring can also ensure that management units are sustaining viable populations, while estimating genetic structure and population dynamics can influence genetic rescue efforts and reintroduction from captive breeding and confiscated animals. The Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) is a charismatic endangered species with a fragmented (allopatric) distribution. Using low coverage genomes, we aimed to investigate the dynamics across the remaining three large disjunct populations of Hyacinth Macaws in Brazil to inform conservation strategies. We obtained low coverage DNA data for 54 individuals from seven sampling sites. Our results showed that Hyacinth Macaws have four genetically structured clusters with relatively high levels of diversity. The Pantanal biome had two genetically distinct populations, with no obvious physical barriers that might explain this differentiation. We detected signs of gene flow between populations, with some geographical regions being more connected than others. Estimates of effective population size in the past million years of the species' evolutionary history showed a decline trend with the lowest Ne in all populations reached within the last few thousand years. Our findings suggest that populations from the Pantanal biome are key to connecting sites across its distribution, and maintaining the integrity of this habitat is important for protecting the species. Given the genetic structure found, we also highlight the need of conserving all wild populations to ensure the protection of the species' evolutionary potential.
Biosensing and Biosensors—Terminologies, Technologies, Theories and Ethics
Authors: Misera Jan , Melchert Johannes , Bork‐Hüffer Tabea
Published: November 2024

Which biosensing technologies are geographers using in their research, and what exactly do they measure? What are the theoretical origins of geographic interests in biosensing? This article provides an overview of the variety of biosensors applied in biosensing research, tracks the theoretical debates and roots of geographic engagement with biosensing, and discusses the potentials, limitations and ethical implications of applying biosensors. We critically reflect on the varied terminologies that have been used to describe a rapidly evolving array of biosensing technologies and methodologies and suggest a common understanding for key terms such as “biosensing” (technologies or methodologies), “biosensors,” “wearable biosensors” and “biosignals.” We offer an overview of the broader theoretical debates that have inspired geographers turn to biosensing, including behavioral geography, more‐than‐representational theory, critical neurogeography, the mobilities and biosociality paradigms, and visual geographies. These have called for methodologies that can capture affects neglected in representational research, follow people, things and technologies as they are mobile in space and time, investigate the links between brain, cognition and biopolitics or attend to visualities in everyday life. Although geographers have so far engaged with a limited number of the ever‐growing variety of available (bio‐)sensors, the development and application of biosensing methodologies is vibrant, highly diverse and very promising for diverse geographical research questions and fields. Going forward, we particularly encourage experimentation with eye‐trackers, which come closest to measuring instantaneous responses to environmental stimuli and offer interesting opportunities for the analysis of social and material environments through the visual data they create. Finally, we conclude with a call for a stronger emphasis on data ethics, procedural ethics and ethics of care in biosensing, which have so far received too little attention in these often interdisciplinary and complex biosensing research endeavors.
Virological and Clinical Outcomes of Influenza Outpatients Treated With Baloxavir, Oseltamivir, or Laninamivir in the 2023–2024 Season
Authors: Goto Takeyuki , Kawai Naoki , Bando Takuma , Takasaki Yoshio , Shindo Shizuo , Sato Tomonori , Tani Naoki , Chong Yong , Ikematsu Hideyuki
Published: November 2024

Background

Clinical data on patients infected with influenza B Victoria (BV) after the approval of baloxavir is lacking.

Methods

This observational study of the Japanese 2023–2024 influenza season analyzed data from 25 outpatients with A(H1N1)pdm09, 36 with A(H3N2), and 65 with BV. Viral samples were collected before and after administering an antiviral (70 patients received baloxavir and 56 received a neuraminidase inhibitor), on days 1, 5, and 10. Isolated viruses after culturing were amplified using RT‐PCR and sequenced to detect mutations of concern, including acidic protein (PA)‐amino acid (AA) E23X/I38X for influenza A and M34X/I38X for BV. Fever and symptoms were tracked via self‐reporting diaries.

Results

No PA‐AA‐substituted virus was detected from 126 pre‐treatment samples. In the baloxavir cohort, one (7.1%, 1/14) PA I38F‐substituted A(H1N1)pdm09 and two (11.1%, 2/18) PA I38T‐substituted A(H3N2) viruses were isolated on day 5 but not on day 10. No (0%, 0/37) PA‐AA‐substituted BV was detected on day 5 or after. The virus isolation rate on day 5 was higher among patients with BV than with influenza A in both baloxavir (35.1% vs. 14.3% for A(H1N1)pdm09 and 16.7% for A(H3N2)) and oseltamivir‐treated patients (44.4% vs. 0% for A(H1N1)pdm09 and 33.3% for A(H3N2)). Patients with PA‐AA‐substituted influenza A after baloxavir administration did not have longer fever duration than those without virus isolation or with wild‐type virus on day 5, for both A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2).

Conclusions

Baloxavir‐resistant variants were not detected in influenza BV before treatment, as with A. The emergence of PA‐AA‐substituted influenza A after baloxavir administration was temporal and did not cause prolonged symptoms. No baloxavir‐resistant BV variants were observed after baloxavir administration.
Mixed Methods Studies Using Secondary Analysis in Nursing and Midwifery: A Methodological Review
Authors: Fàbregues Sergi , Younas Ahtisham , Inayat Shahzad , Escalante‐Barrios Elsa Lucia , Durante Angela
Published: November 2024

Aim

To identify mixed methods studies in nursing and midwifery using secondary analysis and to examine their methodological characteristics.

Design

Methodological review.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted to identify empirical mixed methods studies in nursing and midwifery that used secondary analysis. A data extraction sheet was developed based on previous methodological reviews of secondary analysis and mixed methods.

Data Sources

SCOPUS, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched from inception to March 10, 2023. Supplementary searches were conducted in two methodological journals and six nursing journals.

Results

A total of 26 mixed methods studies published between 2000 and 2022 were included in the review. Of these, only 13 studies explicitly mentioned the type of mixed methods design used. Twenty studies showed evidence of integration of the quantitative and qualitative components. Most of these studies integrated the components at the interpretation stage, whereas fewer integrated the components during data collection. None of the studies mentioned the rationale for using secondary analysis in the context of a mixed methods study.

Conclusion

The included studies demonstrated fairly good reporting of mixed methods features, although they generally lacked a rationale for the use of secondary data.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care

Adequate reporting of mixed methods studies using secondary analysis is essential in order to allow readers to assess whether secondary analysis was appropriately incorporated into a mixed methods study and whether the potential of secondary analysis was fully exploited.

Impact

This review provides a set of recommendations to transparently report information regarding the research process and results obtained in mixed methods studies using secondary analysis.

Reporting Method

Items relevant to methodological reviews included in the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) were considered for reporting the review.
Multidimensional Plasma Lipids Affect Preeclampsia/Eclampsia: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Shi Shaole , Wu Fangyuan , Zhao Shanshan , Wang Zilian , Fan Yongqiang
Published: November 2024

Circulating lipids play a crucial role during pregnancy and may impact various pregnancy‐related diseases. This study employed a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to investigate the causal relationship between alterations in multidimensional plasma lipid levels and the risk of preeclampsia or eclampsia, offering deeper insight into this association. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was utilized as the main analysis. Summary statistics from plasma lipidomics of 7174 Finnish individuals and summary data on preeclampsia/eclampsia from the FinnGen consortium involving 219 817 European participants were employed. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate heterogeneity and pleiotropy. The study identified 17 lipid species from a total of 179 lipid species associated with susceptibility to preeclampsia/eclampsia. Notably, ten species, including six triacylglycerols (TAGs) (50:1, 48:1, 56:4, 49:2, 48:2, 54:3), a diacylglycerol (DAG) (16:1_18:1), and three sphingomyelins (SMs) (d36:1, d34:1, d38:1), were found to increase the risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia. Conversely, seven species, including five phosphatidylcholines (PCs) (16:1_20:4, O‐18:1_20:4, 18:1_20:4, 16:0_20:4, 17:0_20:4) and two phosphatidylethanolamines (PEAs) (18:0_20:4, 16:0_20:4), all containing arachidonic acid (ARA) in the sn‐2 position, were associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia (all p < 0.05). The results of the stratified analysis were consistent with these findings. Furthermore, reverse MR analysis indicated that preeclampsia/eclampsia does not causally affect plasma levels of these lipids. Our findings established a causal relationship between specific plasma lipid species and modulation of preeclampsia/eclampsia risk, providing improved resolution for risk assessment and potential therapeutic targets in the disease.
Nodularin‐R Synergistically Enhances Abiraterone Against Castrate‐ Resistant Prostate Cancer via PPP1CA Inhibition
Authors: Huang Yiqiao , Cen Yi , Wu Hualing , Zeng Guohao , Su Zhengming , Zhang Zhiming , Feng Shourui , Jiang Xianhan , Wei Anyang
Published: November 2024

Clinically, most prostate cancer (PCa) patients inevitably progress to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with poor prognosis after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), including abiraterone, the drug of choice for ADT. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the resistance mechanism of abiraterone in depth. Genome‐wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout technology was used to screen CRPC cell line 22Rv1 for abiraterone‐resistant genes. Combined with bioinformatics, a key gene with high expression and poor prognosis in CRPC patients was screened. Then, the effects of target gene on abiraterone‐resistant 22Rv1 cell function were explored by silencing and overexpression. Further, a natural product with potential targeting effect was identified and validated by molecular docking and protein expression. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed potential mechanism for the natural product affecting target protein expression. Finally, the combined anti‐CRPC effects of the natural product and abiraterone were validated by cellular and in vivo experiments. Five common resistance genes (KCNJ3, COL2A1, PPP1CA, MDH2 and EXOSC5) were identified successfully, among which high PPP1CA expression had the worst prognosis for disease‐free survival. Moreover, PPP1CA was highly expressed in abiraterone‐resistant 22Rv1 cells. Silencing PPP1CA increased cell sensitivity to abiraterone while promoting apoptosis and inhibiting clone formation. Overexpressing PPP1CA exerted the opposite effects. Molecular docking revealed the binding mode of the natural product nodularin‐R to PPP1CA with a dose‐dependent manner for inhibition. Mechanistically, nodularin‐R attenuates the interaction between PPP1CA and USP11 (deubiquitinating enzyme), potentially promoting PPP1CA degradation. Additionally, combination of 2.72 μM nodularin‐R and 54.5 μM abiraterone synergistically inhibited the resistant 22Rv1 cell function. In vivo experiments also revealed that combination therapy significantly inhibited tumour growth and reduced inducible expression of PPP1CA. PPP1CA is a key driver for abiraterone resistance, and nodularin‐R enhances the anti‐CRPC effects of abiraterone by inhibiting PPP1CA.
Survival and Complications of Partial Coverage Restorations on Posterior Teeth—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Prott L. S. , Pieralli S. , Klein P. , Spitznagel F. A. , Ibrahim F. , Metzendorf M.‐I. , Carrasco‐Labra A. , Blatz M. B. , Gierthmuehlen P. C.
Published: November 2024

Objective

To determine the clinical performance of partial coverage restorations (PCR) (onlays, occlusal veneers, and partial crowns) composed of different ceramic and ceramic‐based materials to treat extended posterior defects.

Materials and Methods

MEDLINE, Scopus, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched (inception‐February 2024) for randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing posterior PCRs composed of different ceramic and ceramic‐based materials with a minimum follow‐up of 1 year.

Results

Six RCTs were included. Resin matrix ceramic (RMC) and lithium disilicate (LDS) restorations had a 3‐year survival rate of 89.3% (95% CI 76.4–95.3) and 93.7% (95% CI 83.7–97.7), respectively, and leucite‐reinforced glass ceramic (LRGC) restorations a range between 96.1% (95% CI 90.1–98.9) compared with RMC and 98.3% (95% CI 90.8–100) compared with LDS. After 1–3 years of follow‐up, LDS slightly outperformed RMC on restoration failure and loss of retention (1.56 more failures and 1.78 more loss of retentions for RMC per 100 restoration‐years [low certainty evidence]). No statistically significant differences between ceramic and ceramic‐based materials were detected in short‐term follow‐up (1–3 years of follow‐up). The long‐term performance of posterior PCRs is uncertain.

Conclusion

The survival of LDS restorations may slightly outperform RMC restorations after 3 years of follow‐up across outcomes, except for bulk fracture. RCTs providing medium to long‐term data are needed.

Clinical Significance

Ceramic and ceramic‐based PCRs are a reliable treatment option to restore extended posterior defects.
Surface Roughness on Cementoenamel Junction After Rubber‐Dam Clamp Application
Authors: Erden Kayalidere Ezgi , Sahin Merve , Korkut Bora , Mudok Tangul , Caliskan Yanikoglu Funda
Published: November 2024

Objective

To investigate the surface roughness on cementoenamel junction after application of various rubber‐dam retraction clamps for different durations.

Materials and Methods

Fifty‐four extracted human molar teeth were used. Various retraction clamps were placed on the cementoenamel junction. There are three main examination groups in the study. Group 1 (n = 6) included a polymer clamp (SoftClamp, Kerr Hawe, Switzerland), Group 2 (n = 6) included a metal clamp with a flat edge (Black Line RDCM7X, Hu‐Friedy Group, USA), and Group 3 (n = 6) included a metal clamp with a serrated edge (Fiesta Color Coded, Coltene, USA). All clamps were applied for 30 min, 1, and 2 h. Surface roughness measurements were performed using a profilometer before and after the clamp application and surface morphology was assessed through the SEM images. One‐way ANOVA was used to compare three or more groups. Percentage changes were evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Dunn's test for post hoc analyses. The deemed significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

Between the initial and the final roughness measurements, after 30 min of clamp application, only Group 3 showed significant increases in roughness (p = 0.001). After 1 and 2 h of clamp application, there were significant increases in roughness for all groups. No significant differences in percentage changes for all groups in 30 min and 2 h of application (p = 0.220 and p = 0.091, respectively). However, Group 1 presented significantly lower surface roughness in percentage after the 1 h of application (p = 0.040). No significant differences in the percentage changes in roughness were observed within the groups for 30 min, 1, and 2 h applications (p = 0.220, p = 0.884, and p = 0.755 for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively). In SEM analysis, deep point microstructure defects were seen as the clamp application time increased.

Conclusions

Rubber‐dam clamp application may cause damage to the cementoenamel junction area. However, the level of damage is clamp‐type‐dependent. Slight scratch‐type damages were observed on teeth with plastic clamps, while metal clamps generally caused cracks. The increase in the duration of the same rubber‐dam clamp application was not considered an effective factor regarding the damage.

Clinical Significance

During rubber‐dam isolation, clamp type and duration of the application may cause damage to the tooth surface or progress an existing defect. Examining the teeth before selecting the clamp might be beneficial for minimizing dental tissue damage.
Advances in Dental Restorations: A Comprehensive Review of Machinable and 3D‐Printed Ceramic‐Reinforced Composites
Authors: Duarte Sillas , Phark Jin‐Ho
Published: November 2024

Objective

This review aims to evaluate the current understanding and clinical applications of machinable ceramic‐reinforced composites (CRCs) and the emerging first generation of 3D‐printed CRCs in dental restorations.

Overview

Machinable CRCs, introduced over a decade ago, have shown moderate success in short‐ to medium‐term clinical applications, particularly in low‐stress areas. However, their long‐term durability limitations, such as increased wear and marginal deterioration, restrict their use in high‐stress situations and full crowns. The first generation of 3D‐printed CRCs offers customization advantages but is still in early development and exhibits lower mechanical strength and higher wear rates than CAD‐CAM CRCs and traditional ceramics. Additionally, the classification and definitions surrounding CRCs remain ambiguous, as ADA categorizations do not clearly differentiate CRCs from ceramics, complicating clinical indication, usage, and billing practices.

Conclusion

Machinable CAD‐CAM CRCs are moderately successful in low‐stress applications, while 3D‐printed CRCs show limitations in wear resistance and durability, raising concerns for their use in definitive restorations. Both require further research and clinical validation.

Clinical Significance

Machinable CAD‐CAM CRCs are best suited for low‐stress applications, while 3D‐printed CRCs may be more appropriate for provisional use. Until long‐term clinical data are available, ceramics should be preferred for high‐stress or full‐coverage restorations. Clearer definitions for porcelain/ceramic and comprehensive application guidelines are urgently needed to support clinician decision‐making and improve patient outcomes.
Numerical Simulation and Quality Analysis of Carrot Crisps Drying Based on Freezing Pretreatment
Authors: Du Zhonghua , Wang Xiangyou , Ge Bangguo , Zhao Feng , Zhang Zongchao , Sun Qingyun , Han Menglong , Yu Xianlong , Li Qing
Published: November 2024

Freezing pretreatment is one of the novel pretreatments for fruit and vegetable drying, and its treatment intensity has a direct impact on the effectiveness of color protection and drying promotion. However, there are major limitations on transformations of dynamic changes of and water status of material, which is crucial for judging processing intensity. Here a mathematical model was presented to characterize heat transfer in freezing pretreatment of carrot crisps. The model accounts for freezing phase change heat transfer. And a further analysis on the effect of freezing pretreatment on product quality was made according to experimental results. Results showed that the heat transfer process of freezing pretreatment is divided into four stages based on the temperature changes, namely fast cooling segment, phase transition segment, secondary cooling segment, constant temperature holding segment. In the phase transition segment, the presence of latent heat is the core element that the temperature of the material can be maintained constant. In the constant temperature holding segment, the effect of processing time on the material was significant. The optimal pre‐freezing conditions for carrots was a temperature of −15°C for the duration of 45 min plus an additional 10 h, resulting in dried products with minimal color difference, maximum rehydration ratio, and optimal puffing degree.
Therapeutic BCG vaccine protects against long COVID: The BATTLE randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jalalizadeh Mehrsa , Buosi Keini , Giacomelli Cristiane F. , Leme Patricia A.F. , Ferrari Karen L. , Dionato Franciele A.V. , Brito Wandrey R.S. , Brunetti Natália S. , Maia Aline R. , Morari Joseane , Pagliarone Ana C. , Farias Alessandro S. , Velloso Licio A. , Queiroz Maria A.F. , Vallinoto Antonio C.R. , Bajgelman Marcio C. , Reis Leonardo O.
Published: November 2024

Background

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) injected during the COVID‐19 convalescence period was safe and enhanced recovery from anosmia and dysgeusia in the acute phase.

Objectives

To report the long‐term results of the BATTLE trial, BCG vaccine in adults with mild COVID‐19.

Methods

Design: Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized (1:1) clinical trial. Intervention: BCG intradermal vaccine and placebo. Patients: A total of 157 BCG and 142 placebo recipients participated in the 6‐month follow‐up, and 97 BCG and 95 placebo recipients participated in the 12‐month follow‐up. Measurements: Long COVID symptoms and mechanistic analyses.

Results

BCG reduced hearing problems at 6 months (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26) and sleeping, concentration, memory, and vision problems at 12 months (OR = 0.45, 0.36, 0.38, and 0.36, respectively). Sensitivity analyses confirmed that long COVID‐19 symptoms were reduced at the 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups (p = 0.010 and 0.031, respectively). BCG's crossover interaction paradoxically increased hair loss in women and decreased it in men at 6 months (p = 0.032). BCG immunomodulation is likely mediated through inhibition of Fas ligand expression in the blood and increased induction of IL6, IL10, interferon‐induced transmembrane protein 3, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in cultured human macrophages.

Conclusion

Long‐term follow‐up of the BATTLE trial participants revealed that BCG protects against long COVID development if administered within the COVID‐19 convalescence period. The response to BCG was subject‐specific, including a paradoxical crossover interaction based on sex. Limitations: Not tested for previous mycobacterial exposure; loss to follow‐up, particularly at 12 months.
Different ways of diagnosing selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes such as shrunken pore syndrome and the associated increase in mortality
Authors: Åkesson Anna , Malmgren Linnea , Leion Felicia , Nyman Ulf , Christensson Anders , Björk Jonas , Grubb Anders
Published: November 2024

Background

In 2015, a selective decrease in the glomerular filtration of middle‐sized molecules such as cystatin C compared to small molecules such as creatinine was first described and tentatively termed “Shrunken pore syndrome.” Numerous studies have thereafter found an association between this syndrome (defined by a low eGFRcystatin C to eGFRcreatinine ratio) and mortality and morbidity. In 2023, the syndrome was renamed selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes (SGHS) as shrunken pores are not the only pathophysiological mechanism. Recently, some studies have used the difference between eGFRcystatin C and eGFRcreatinine to describe a similar disorder, and this investigation compares the two measures.

Methods

Using a cohort of 2781 adults with a median follow‐up of 5.6 years, referred for determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), estimated GFR (eGFR) was determined using four equations. SGHS was defined using the eGFRdifference and the eGFRratio and association to mortality investigated through adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. From each adjusted regression model, Harrell's C‐index and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results

Both measures were associated with mortality. No significant differences concerning hazard ratios or Harrell's C‐index were found between the two measures to estimate mortality, and both identified SGHS and increased mortality in a subpopulation of 567 “healthy” individuals with no prior diagnosis and with no kidney disorder according to the kidney disease improving global outcomes‐criteria.

Conclusion

The eGFRdifference is not superior to the eGFRratio in diagnosing SGHS or estimating mortality. However, as the two measures do not identify the same subpopulation, using them simultaneously might improve risk stratification.
Craniofacial anatomical determinants of pediatric sleep‐disordered breathing: A comprehensive review
Authors: Kim Kyung‐A , Kim Su‐Jung , Yoon Audrey
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This narrative review aims to elucidate the anatomical features of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) in children. By identifying key structures and intervening proactively, we seek to alter craniofacial growth patterns and improve functional outcomes for SDB children.

Methods

The literature on pediatric sleep‐disordered breathing (PSDB), pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), anatomical predispositions, and the relationship between skeletal deformity and PSDB was examined using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, covering studies from 2006 to 2024.

Results

Forty relevant articles were reviewed, focusing on craniofacial characteristics associated with PSDB. The etiology of PSDB is multifactorial, with adenoid and palatal tonsil enlargement being the most common cause. While adenotonsillectomy is recommended as the primary treatment, residual SDB may result in craniofacial skeletal deformities contributing to upper airway constriction. Typical craniofacial phenotypes of SDB include excessive vertical growth and constriction of the maxilla, a retruded mandible, and posterior rotation, known as a Class II hyperdivergent pattern. Conversely, Class III with an underdeveloped maxilla shows a relatively lower risk for SDB due to reduced nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal airway volumes. Transverse maxillary constriction with a high, deep palatal vault is a significant risk factor. Additionally, nasal obstruction and low tongue posture, with or without a short lingual frenulum, are identified as craniofacial risk factors for SDB development in children.

Conclusion

Early diagnosis and intervention are critical in managing PSDB. Dentists, through screening and early treatment, can significantly influence craniofacial growth and health outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for effective management, improving the quality of life and long‐term health of affected children.
Pilot analysis of magnetic resonance imaging‐based contributors to patient‐centred optimization of mandibular advancement devices in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Kreft Lina , Mohr Nelli , Seele Sven , Grünberg Daniel , Hagen Christina , Ibbeken Alina Janna , Zell Fenja , Steffen Armin , Papenfuß Greta Sophie , Frydrychowicz Alex , Kirstein Ulrike , Hakim Samer George , Buzug Thorsten M.
Published: November 2024

Mandibular advancement devices are an effective treatment option for obstructive sleep apnea. While their efficacy depends on the degree of mandibular protrusion, other contributing factors influencing the optimal outcome are not fully understood. This magnetic resonance imaging‐based pilot study aimed at investigating whether there are promising planimetric parameters that may be related to the optimal therapeutic position. A second aim was to assess possible sex‐specific differences. Planimetric data from magnetic resonance imaging taken in the habitual position and four protrusion grades were collected from 11 female and 14 male patients with obstructive sleep apnea (age 45 ± 13.3 years; body mass index 27.6 ± 4.5 kg m−2). Data were correlated with outcome as substantiated by polygraphic data obtained at the habitual position and at each of two protrusion positions considered to reveal the highest treatment effect. Protrusion degree and lateral widening of the retropalatal region correlated most strongly (R = 0.56, p < 0.001). Relationships between planimetric data and treatment success were most pronounced at the level of the smallest cross‐section, expressed, for example, by a correlation between oxygen desaturation index and lateral diameter (R = −0.4, p = 0.012). Female participants appeared to show improved polygraphic values at a lower protrusion degree than males. Data from magnetic resonance imaging allow for a comprehensive analysis combining insights from planimetric velopharyngeal measurements at different individual protrusion grades and correlation with outcome. The results of this pilot work encourage further evaluation in large‐scale studies. These should focus on the velopharyngeal region and investigate the influence of sex more closely.
Bidirectional Association Between Parental Pressure to Eat and Children's Satiety Responsiveness: The Moderating Effect of Children's Temperament
Authors: Qu Fangge , Chen Yujia , Song Xinyi , Wei Xiaoxue , Wu Ruxing , Wang Jian , Cao Yang , Guo Ningyuan , Hua Wenzhe , Chen Jinjin , Tang Xianqing , Zhu Daqiao
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to examine the directionality of the relationship between children's satiety responsiveness and parental pressure to eat and to explore how children's temperament moderates this relationship. Parents of preschoolers (n = 482, Mage = 3.66, SD = 0.29, 51.2% boys) were surveyed at two‐time points spaced 2 years in China, and 76.6% of those were mothers. Cross‐lagged analyses indicated that children's satiety responsiveness positively predicted parental pressure to eat over time. Moderation analyses revealed that children's high anger/frustration intensified the predictive relationship above. These findings suggest that parents should accurately understand their children's satiety responsiveness and tailor their responses based on children's temperament, thereby fostering a virtuous cycle of parent–child interaction.
Utilizing quantitative susceptibility mapping to differentiate primary lateral sclerosis from progressive supranuclear palsy: A case report
Authors: Sekiya Hiroaki , Satoh Ryota , Ali Farwa , Dickson Dennis W. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A
Published: November 2024

We report a patient who presented clinically with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) but was pathologically diagnosed as having primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) protocol. A 70‐year‐old man was clinically diagnosed with PSP due to early falls and unresponsiveness to levodopa therapy. Postmortem pathological examination revealed mild loss of Betz cells, gliosis, and transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43)‐positive inclusions in the motor cortex, leading to the pathological diagnosis of PLS. To explore methods for differentiating PLS from PSP, ante‐mortem QSM images were visually and quantitatively assessed for abnormal increases in magnetic susceptibility in the motor cortex. Prussian blue and Luxol fast blue combined with periodic acid‐Schiff staining were also performed to understand the source of the susceptibility increases. QSM showed clear hyperintense signals in the motor cortex. Magnetic susceptibility in the motor cortex was higher in the PLS patient (Z = 4.7, p < 0.001) compared to normal controls and pathologically diagnosed PSP patients. Pathological examination of the region showed intracortical myelin loss, as well as iron deposition. Underlying pathological processes for the increased magnetic susceptibility include not only iron deposition but also intracortical myelin. Our case suggests that QSM is a potential tool to differentiate PLS from PSP, providing insights for accurate diagnosis and enhancing clinical decision‐making.
A defensive pathway from NAC and TCP transcription factors activates a BAHD acyltransferase for (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate biosynthesis to resist herbivore in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Gu Honglian , Li Jiaxing , Qiao Dahe , Li Mei , Yao Yingjie , Xie Hui , Huang Ke‐lin , Liu Shengrui , Xie De‐Yu , Wei Chaoling , Zhu Junyan
Published: November 2024

Numerous herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) play important roles in plant defense. In tea plants (Camellia sinensis), (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate (3‐HAC) has been characterized as associated with resistance to herbivores. To date, how tea plants biosynthesize and regulate 3‐HAC to resist herbivores remain unclear.

Based on transcriptomes assembled from Ectropis obliqua‐fed leaves, a cDNA encoding BAHD acyltransferase, namely CsCHAT1, was highly induced in leaves fed with E. obliqua. Enzymatic assays showed that CsCHAT1 converted (Z)‐3‐hexenol into 3‐HAC. Further suppression of CsCHAT1 expression reduced the accumulation of 3‐HAC and lowered the resistance of tea plants to E. obliqua, while 3‐HAC replenishment rescued the reduced resistance of CsCHAT1‐silenced tea plants against E. obliqua.

Two transcription factors (TFs), CsNAC30 and CsTCP11, were co‐expressed with CsCHAT1. An integrative approach of biochemistry, DNA–protein interaction, gene silencing, and metabolic profiling revealed that the two TFs positively regulated the expression of CsCHAT1. The suppression of either one decreased the production of 3‐HAC and eliminated the resistance of tea plants to E. obliqua. Notably, the suppression of either one considerably impaired JA‐induced 3‐HAC biosynthesis in tea plant.

The proposed pathway can be targeted for innovative agro‐biotechnologies protecting tea plants from damage by E. obliqua.
Social justice as nursing resistance: a foucauldian discourse analysis within emergency departments
Authors: Slemon Allie , Bungay Vicky , Varcoe Colleen , Blanchet Garneau Amélie
Published: November 2024

Social justice is consistently upheld as a central value within the nursing profession, yet there are persistent inconsistencies in how this construct is conceptualized, further compounded by a lack of empirical inquiry into how nurses enact social justice in everyday practice. In the current context in which structural inequities are perpetuated throughout the health care system, and the emergency department in particular, it is crucial to understand how nurses understand and enact social justice as a disciplinary commitment. This research examines how nurses' talk and institutional texts discursively construct social justice within the institutional context of the emergency department, and how such discourses shape the enactment of social justice within nursing practice. Guided by Iris Marion Young's theorizing of distributive and systemic social justice paradigms, this Foucauldian discourse analysis draws on emergency department nurses' talk (N = 25 interviews) and institutional documents (N = 27) as key texts that visibilize dominant and excluded discourses of social justice within the institutional context of the emergency department, and implications for how social justice is enacted through nursing practices. This analysis identified one overarching discursive pattern, in which social justice was discursively constructed through a hegemonic distributive paradigm, yet also resisted through nurses' conceptualization and enactment of a systemic social justice paradigm that facilitated their recognition and remediation of inequities. This central discursive pattern is explored through three exemplars of nurses' enactment of social justice as resistance: triage, harm reduction, and care planning. Findings from this analysis demonstrate that while a hegemonic distributive paradigm has dominated conceptualizations of social justice within nursing, a re‐construction of social justice through a systemic paradigm may guide nurses in enacting practices that remediate inequities in health and health care.
Asian birth cohort studies on allergic diseases: The A2BC network initiative
Authors: Lee So‐Yeon , Nakano Taiji , Shimojo Naoki , Yamamoto‐Hanada Kiwako , Fukuie Tatsuki , Ohya Yukihiro , Tham Elizabeth Huiwen , Van Bever Hugo , Shek Lynette Pei‐Chi , Lee Bee Wah , Leung Ting‐Fan , Leung Agnes Sze Yin , Wong Gary W. K. , Huang Jing‐Long , Yeh Kuo‐Wei , Fikri Bahrul , Suratannon Narissara , Chatchatee Pantipa , Peters Rachel , Hong Soo‐Jong ,   the A2BC network
Published: November 2024

The Asia Allergy Birth Cohort (A2BC) network consolidates data from multiple independently established birth cohorts across Asia to enhance research on host–environment interactions in allergic diseases. These cohorts, established at different times with various methodologies, are reliable data sources. Our aim is to introduce the content, variables, and outcomes of these cohorts while highlighting their differences, laying the groundwork for future collaborative research. The A2BC network includes 10 cohort studies on allergic diseases from six Asian countries. Enrollment criteria, study aims, and an initial inventory were discussed and confirmed through five business meetings. A common database was developed to assess the study characteristics of these observational cohorts on allergic diseases, though harmonization efforts are retrospective. Five studies collected data on specific immunoglobulin E responses to various inhalant and food allergens, while six cohorts conducted skin prick tests. Lung function measurements were included in some studies, but without standardized procedures across cohorts. Asthma and allergic rhinitis were primarily assessed using questionnaires or doctor diagnoses, while assessments of eczema and food allergies varied across studies. The A2BC network also examines early‐life environmental factors such as delivery mode, antibiotic usage, diet, and air pollutants, although these exposures were measured differently across the cohorts. Despite differences in the origins, methods, and objectives of each cohort, pooling data and conducting joint analyses offer valuable insights into the relationship between environmental exposures and allergic disease outcomes in Asian children. This approach can serve as a foundation for future collaborative research.

image
Functions and Regulation of HAM Family Genes in Meristems During Gametophyte and Sporophyte Generations
Authors: Geng Yuan , Xie Chong , Zhang Cankui , Liu Xing , Zhou Yun
Published: November 2024

A fascinating feature of land plants is their ability to continually initiate new tissues and organs throughout their lifespan, driven by a pool of pluripotent stem cells located in meristems. In seed plants, various types of meristems are initiated and maintained during the sporophyte generation, while their gametophytes lack meristems and rely on sporophyte tissues for growth. In contrast, seed‐free vascular plants, such as ferns, develop meristems during both the sporophyte and gametophyte generations, allowing for the independent growth of both generations. Recent findings have highlighted both conserved and lineage‐specific roles of the HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) family of GRAS‐domain transcriptional regulators in various meristems throughout the land plant lifecycle. Here, we review and discuss how HAM genes maintain meristem indeterminacy in both sporophytes and gametophytes, with a focus on studies performed in two model species: the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the fern Ceratopteris richardii. Additionally, we summarize the crucial and tightly regulated functions of the microRNA171 (miR171)‐HAM regulatory modules, which define HAM spatial patterns and activities during meristem development across various meristem identities in land plants.
Pediatric to Adult Transition in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review of Existing Transition Programs
Authors: Yerigeri Shivani , Satariano Matthew , Pape Lars , Johnson Jonathan N. , Marks Stephen D. , Twombley Katherine E. , Doshi Kush , Harish Nikhil , Oh Jun , McCulloch Mignon , Esquivel Carlos O. , Raina Rupesh
Published: November 2024

Background

Pediatric organ transplantation is the primary treatment for end‐organ failure. Improving medication adherence and healthcare compliance can decrease healthcare burdens, graft rejection, morbidity, and mortality. Adolescents commonly struggle with non‐adherence, necessitating a smooth transition to adult care. This systematic review aims to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of existing transition tools and models used in the care of pediatric solid organ transplant recipients (pSOTR).

Methods

A systematic literature review of studies in electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Mendeley) on interventions improving transition in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients (pSOTR) from 2000 to 2022 was conducted. Included studies involved pSOTR before the age of 12 years transitioning to adult care.

Results

A lower proportion of graft acute rejection was observed among pSOTR with more than two transition interventions (10.088%, 95% CI: 0.901%–27.441%, I2 = 85.95%, p < 0.0001, random effects, five studies, n = 155) compared to those with two or fewer interventions (13.892%, 95% CI: 4.588%–27.142%, I2 = 74.73%, p = 0.0014, random effects, six studies, n = 140). Additionally, a significant association was found between transition protocols and lower rejection rates (χ2 = 10.57, p = 0.0011), with multiple protocols showing better outcomes (χ2 = 5.091, p = 0.024). Although adherence scores differed significantly with and without transition protocols (χ2 = 8.75, p = 0.0126), no significant difference was found between single and multiple protocol groups (χ2 = 4.8, p = 0.091).

Conclusion

This review identifies various transition models and their impact on adherence and graft rejection, which correlate with morbidity and mortality and influence transplant outcomes. The heterogeneity of data within the current literature necessitates further research to establish causality and develop a standardized transition program aimed at improving patient outcomes.
Epistemic Challenges to Moral Expressivism
Authors: Valencia Pacheco Rodrigo
Published: November 2024

We ordinarily use epistemic concepts to evaluate our moral views. We know certain things are wrong, we are sometimes uncertain about the morally best thing to do, we think there are rational and irrational ways of reaching moral conclusions, etc. Like most meta ethicists, expressivists aim to explain this; they want to offer accounts of our moral thought, talk, and practice. However, most expressivists think moral thought and talk are fundamentally non‐representational or desire‐like. Critics have argued that this makes the view incompatible with central aspects of our epistemic evaluations. In this paper, I survey the main epistemic challenges for expressivism, highlight their interconnections, and discuss the most promising responses.
Massive transfusion of incompatible red blood cells: A case report demonstrating the benefits of a regional patient alloantibody registry and prompt automated red cell exchange
Authors: Hogan Keenan O. , Dasgupta Amitava , Sosnovske Dennis , Ye Zhan
Published: November 2024

Background

Emergent transfusion is carried out without standard pre‐transfusion serologic testing to detect alloantibodies in patient plasma. Transfusion of red blood cells positive for antigens incompatible with a patient's current or historical alloantibodies risks acute and delayed hemolysis, which may be fatal. Symptomatic and prophylactic treatment of hemolysis secondary to transfusion of incompatible non‐ABO antigens using automated red cell exchange has been rarely reported.

Case Report

A 77‐year‐old female with extensive hemorrhage from a femoral artery pseudoaneurysm received a massive transfusion of uncrossmatched blood. Although subsequent testing of a pre‐transfusion sample was inconclusive, a search of a patient alloantibody registry showed a history of anti‐E, anti‐Fya, and anti‐Jk(a) antibodies, which were subsequently confirmed and proven incompatible with all 10 transfused red blood cell units in various combinations. Prior to the completion of repeat serologic testing, the historical alloantibody profile was used to allocate antigen‐negative units for automated red cell exchange to treat progressive transfusion‐related hemolysis. Treatment was completed without complications, and hemolysis gradually resolved without progression of hemodynamic instability.

Conclusions

This case demonstrates successful automated red cell exchange following massive transfusion of red blood cells including a combination of three clinically significant incompatible antigens. Access to a patient alloantibody registry facilitates timely evaluation and management of transfusion‐associated adverse events which may otherwise be unavoidable.