bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender and visionary leading: rethinking ‘vision’ with Bergson, Deleuze and Guattari
Authors: Painter-Morland Mollie , Deslandes Ghislain
Published: June 2013

In this article, we investigate the charge that women leaders fall short when it comes to ‘vision’. We track the roots of this charge, and the effects this has on women in the workplace, back to the binary representationalist logic that underpin gender stereotypes. We challenge these representationalist stereotypes by offering a more material account of how identities come into being, drawing on the work of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. In the last part of the article we explore an alternative understanding of ‘visionary leadership’ by drawing on Henri Bergson’s philosophy and ethics and that of Deleuze, which allows for the development of an alternative understanding of both agency and epistemology. We also rely heavily on Elizabeth Grosz’ reading of Deleuze and Bergson, and her valuable perspectives on the implications of these authors’ work for gender discourses.
Stimulating whole system redesign: Lessons from an organizational analysis of the Whole System Demonstrator programme
Authors: Chrysanthaki Theopisti , Hendy Jane , Barlow James
Published: June 2013

Objectives

Whole system integration of health and social care has been positioned as key to improving care, increasing efficiency and controlling costs. However, evidence for the benefits of whole system integration is scarce. Drawing on organizational theory, this study uses the implementation of remote care services, viewed as an enabler for whole system working, to explore the reality of achieving this policy objective.

Methods

Qualitative, longitudinal data were collected across nine UK sites adopting remote care over three years. Three sites formed the Department of Health's Whole Systems Demonstrator (WSD) programme for remote care. In addition, the implementation of remote care was explored in six other sites unconstrained by the randomized control trial procedures of the WSD programme. The methods were ethnographic (including 235 hours of observations and 184 interviews). Participants were health and social care staff and Government policy makers.

Results

Remote care did not lead to system redesign; however, local ‘ownership’ of new services did lead to more collaborative practices across the care system. Lack of integration was an enduring and endemic challenge across all sites, relating to differences in statutory responsibilities, absence of shared budgets and hybrid organizational roles, differences in work practices and organizational philosophies, and ambiguity around what ‘whole system working’ actually entailed.

Conclusions

Policy initiatives like the WSD programme provide opportunities to phase in collaborative practices and create an awareness of the need for joint working. However, the progress observed suggests that the concept of whole system redesign around remote care is currently unrealistic.
Commissioning vocational rehabilitation after stroke: Can the Cinderella services get to the ball? A qualitative study
Authors: Radford Kathryn , Crompton Amanda , Stainer Karen
Published: June 2013

Objective

To understand the barriers and enablers to commissioning vocational rehabilitation (VR) after stroke.

Methods

Interviews with health and social care commissioners responsible for stroke services across three counties were conducted to explore their views on the barriers and enablers to commissioning VR. Transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis, and validity checked with members of the research team.

Results

The findings indicate that health commissioners have had to focus on demand-led and expensive acute stroke services, leaving little resource for community services. Though the benefits of VR to patient health are acknowledged, any cost savings would not be realized within the health budget. Social care commissioners, in times of budget restriction, focus on the most vulnerable, aiming to maintain independence and reduce care home admission. In the absence of evidence, there is a perception that the need for VR after stroke is relatively minor.

Conclusions

Factors which might facilitate commissioning of a VR service include adapting the service to align with commissioners’ requirements, making VR a targeted outcome of community stroke services, utilizing emerging opportunities for joint health and social care commissioning such as Health and Wellbeing Boards, and closer working with researchers to improve the evidence-base.
Burden of disease, research funding and innovation in the UK: Do new health technologies reflect research inputs and need?
Authors: Ward Derek , Martino Orsolina , Packer Claire , Simpson Sue , Stevens Andrew
Published: June 2013

Objectives

New and emerging health technologies (innovation outputs) do not always reflect conditions representing the greatest disease burden. We examine the role of research and development (R&D) funding in this relationship, considering whether areas with fewer innovative outputs receive an appropriate share of funding relative to their disease burden.

Methods

We report a retrospective observational study, comparing burden of disease with R&D funding and innovation output. UK disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths came from the World Health Organization (WHO) 2004 Global Burden of Disease estimates; funding estimates from the UK Clinical Research Collaboration’s 2006 Health Research Analysis; and innovation output was estimated by the number of new and emerging technologies reported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Horizon Scanning Centre between 2000 and 2009.

Results

Disease areas representing the biggest burden were generally associated with the most funding and innovation output; cancer, neuropsychiatric conditions and cardiovascular disease together comprised approximately two-thirds of DALYs, funding and reported technologies. Compared with DALYs, funding and technologies were disproportionately high for cancer, and technologies alone were disproportionately high for musculoskeletal conditions and endocrine/metabolic diseases. Neuropsychiatric conditions had comparatively few technologies compared to both DALYs and funding. The relationship between DALYs and innovation output appeared to be mediated by R&D funding.

Conclusions

The relationship between burden of disease and new and emerging health technologies for different disease areas is partly dependent on the associated level of R&D funding (input). Discrepancies among key groups may reflect differential focus of research funding across disease areas.
How organizational factors interact to influence the quality of care of older people in the care home sector
Authors: Killett Anne , Hyde Paula , Burns Diane , Gray Richard , Poland Fiona
Published: June 2013

Objectives

To examine how organizational factors affect good care and mistreatment of older people in care homes.

Methods

Eight residential care homes for older people (including private sector, local authority and NHS providers) took part in a participatory observation-based study of organizational factors affecting care quality.

Results

Grouping organizational factors into infrastructure, management and procedures, staffing, resident population characteristics and culture, we show the context-sensitive nature of interactions between these factors. These interactions could enhance care quality where factors combined positively. Conversely, they could amplify difficulties where one factor came to undermine another, thereby limiting care quality.

Conclusions

This analysis provides empirical insights into how and why similar sector-wide changes to care provision have differential effects at the care home level. It indicates the situated and unpredictable ways in which organizational factors interact, implying the need for locally contextualized quality assessment and improvement actions.
Developing engagement, linkage and exchange between health services managers and researchers: Experience from the UK
Authors: Morris Zoë Slote , Bullock Alison , Atwell Christine
Published: June 2013

Objectives

The UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Service Delivery and Organisation (SDO) Management Fellowship programme enabled health services managers and university researchers to collaborate on research projects with the aim of improving research, managers’ research knowledge and skills, and the use of research in management. Our aim was to evaluate whether the programme encouraged greater engagement, linkage and exchange between researchers and managers.

Methods

A case-study approach with each case-study centred on 11 health care managers appointed as Fellows, chief investigators ( n = 13) and Fellows’ line managers ( n = 12). Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face and telephone interviews. Interviews were analysed thematically to explore the impact of the programme, reported issues and to identify any lessons learned.

Results

Researchers benefited from the flow of (insider) knowledge and contacts from the workplace via the Fellow to the project. Engagement, linkage and exchange as a result of the Fellowship were less developed for the workplace. Reasons for this related to the fit of the research project with workplace interests, Fellows’ contact with the health care organization, feedback structures and training. The potential for co-production of knowledge was under-developed. A transactional notion of exchange was found in operation in workplaces.

Conclusions

The programme’s aim to enhance engagement, linkage and exchange was largely achieved, although exchange tended to be narrowly conceived. Knowing how models of exchange work in practice can ensure effort is put to best use.
The relationship between perfectionism and engagement in preventive health behaviours: The mediating role of self-concealment
Authors: Williams Charlotte J , Cropley Mark
Published: June 2013

If perfectionists avoid engaging in preventive health behaviours, they may be putting their long-term health and well-being at risk. Correlational analyses based on a sample of 370 university students identified maladaptive perfectionism to be associated with decreased levels of engagement in preventive health behaviours, life satisfaction and well-being and increased levels of self-concealment and psychological distress. Adaptive perfectionism was associated with higher levels of engagement in preventive health behaviours. Self-concealment was identified as a partial mediator in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and both engagement in preventive health behaviours and psychological distress. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Fluency of pharmaceutical drug names predicts perceived hazardousness, assumed side effects and willingness to buy
Authors: Dohle Simone , Siegrist Michael
Published: June 2013

The impact of pharmaceutical drug names on people’s evaluations and behavioural intentions is still uncertain. According to the representativeness heuristic, evaluations should be more positive for complex drug names; in contrast, fluency theory suggests that evaluations should be more positive for simple drug names. Results of three experimental studies showed that complex drug names were perceived as more hazardous than simple drug names and negatively influenced willingness to buy. The results are of particular importance given the fact that there is a worldwide trend to make more drugs available for self-medication.
Assessing modern health worries: Dimensionality and factorial invariance across age and sex of the Modern Health Worries Scale in a general population sample
Authors: Spangenberg Lena , Zenger Markus , Rief Winfried , Brähler Elmar , Glaesmer Heide
Published: June 2013

Previous work suggests a four-factor structure of the Modern Health Worries Scale. This study is the first to investigate its dimensionality and factorial invariance across age and sex in a representative population sample ( N = 2524) using confirmatory factor analysis. The proposed four-factor model failed to achieve good model fit. Model fit was optimized by allowing correlating error terms resulting in acceptable model fit. Multi-group analysis revealed invariance across age and sex. Our study proved the proposed four-factor structure across age and sex. Consequently, the Modern Health Worries Scale can be applied in general population surveys using subscale scores.
Weight status and depression: Moderating role of fat talk between female friends
Authors: Tan Cin Cin , Chow Chong Man
Published: June 2013

This study examined whether engagement in fat talk would moderate the association between weight status (body mass index) and depression between female friends. Individuals’ body mass index was significantly related to their own (actor effect) and friend’s (partner effect) depression. For low-fat-talk friends, higher actor’s body mass index was associated with higher actor’s depression, but not for high-fat-talk friends. For high-fat-talk friends, higher actor’s body mass index was associated with higher partner’s depression, but not for low-fat-talk friends. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Do affective attitudes predict organ donor registration? A prospective study
Authors: Shepherd Lee , O’Carroll Ronan E
Published: June 2013

This study assessed whether people’s affective attitudes predicted organ donor registration at a later time. People who were not registered as an organ donor prior to completing the study ( N = 150) first rated their affective attitudes towards organ donation. We then measured whether they clicked on a hyperlink to register as an organ donor. Believing that the body should be kept whole for burial (bodily integrity) was the only affective attitude to predict this organ donation behaviour. Future campaigns should target this concern in order to increase organ donor registration and the availability of donor organs.
From men to the media and back again
Authors: Anstiss David , Lyons Antonia
Published: June 2013

Men’s help-seeking behaviour for health issues is apparent in advice columns in men’s magazines. This study discursively analysed men’s help-seeking letters and expert replies within two international and popular men’s magazines, Men’s Health and For Him Magazine or FHM. Findings showed that the texts reinforced hegemonic ideals. Letters positioning men as self-reliant, independently knowledgeable, stoic and avoiding associations with femininity were positively reinforced in expert replies, while other types of positioning were responded to with condescension or ridicule. Results suggest the policing of boundaries by ‘experts’ around unacceptable/acceptable enactments of masculinity, which may have implications for if, how and when men seek help from experts.
Association between severity of behavioral phenotype and comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Rao Patricia A , Landa Rebecca J
Published: June 2013

Autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are neurodevelopmental disorders that cannot be codiagnosed under existing diagnostic guidelines ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association, 4th ed., text rev.). However, reports are emerging that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is sometimes comorbid with autism spectrum disorder. In the current study, we examined rates of parent-reported clinically significant symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in school-aged children (4–8 years) with autism spectrum disorder, most of whom were first enrolled in our research protocols as toddlers. Results revealed that children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder had lower cognitive functioning, more severe social impairment, and greater delays in adaptive functioning than children with autism spectrum disorder only. Implications for clinical practice include the need to assess for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms at an early age in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Research is needed to determine efficacious interventions for young children with autism spectrum disorder with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder to optimize outcomes.
Multilingual dynamics in Sámiland: Rhizomatic discourses on changing language
Authors: Pietikäinen Sari
Published: June 2013

Multilingualism in indigenous language communities brings forth tensions and creativity related to language change. In this article, taking dynamic multilingual indigenous Sámi language practices as a focus of ethnographic and discourse analytical research, I examine rhizomatic discourses on changing language in multilingual Sámi spaces. Based on longitudinal research on multilingualism in Sámiland, I will argue that the interlinked discourses of endangerment, commodification and carnivalisation simultaneously circulate across Sámi spaces, and structure language practices and experiences. Furthermore, multilingual dynamics can lead to both contestation and creativity in language practices, and may call into question various established perceptions and definitions of language and of related concepts.
Social factors and coping status in asymptomatic middle-aged Danes: Association to coronary artery calcification
Authors: Mols Rikke Elmose , Sand Niels Peter , Jensen Jesper Møller , Thomsen Kristian , Diederichsen Axel C. P. , Nørgaard Bjarne Linde
Published: June 2013

Aims: Understanding the determinants of social and coping inequalities in subclinical cardiovascular disease is an important prerequisite in developing and implementing preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between social factors and coping status, respectively, and subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD) in middle-aged Danes. Methods: This is a DanRisk screening substudy, thus including healthy Danish males and females aged 50 or 60 years. Social measures included grade of education, employment and co-habiting status. The coping status was estimated by the general self-efficacy (GES) scale. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) was assessed by computed tomography using the Agatston score (AS). Conventional clinical risk factors included sex, family history of CAD, BMI > 25, smoking, hypercholesterolaemia and hypertension. Results: In 568 individuals the prevalence of subjects with CAC was 267 (45%). Independent predictors of CAC in males were age (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04–1.16, p < 0.001), smoking (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.03–2.99, p = 0.038), and low co-habiting status (OR = 3.66, 95% CI = 1.19–11.25, p = 0.023). Independent predictors in females were age (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.02–1.12, p = 0.006), and smoking (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.06–2.78, p = 0.029). Higher AS was associated to lower employment level in females ( p = 0.001) but not in males ( p = 0.833). Conclusions: Social factors are associated to the prevalence and severity of CAC in asymptomatic middle-aged individuals with gender differences. The relative value of gender specific social versus conventional clinical risk factors in the risk assessment of subclinical CAC in middle-aged individuals needs further investigation in future prospective studies.
Issues in online patient self-reporting of health status
Authors: Taylor M. J. , Matata B. , Stables R. , Laws A. , England D. , Lisboa P. J. G.
Published: June 2013

Patient self-reporting of symptoms and quality of life following surgical interventions is generally delivered in the form of paper-based questionnaires to be completed in the outpatient clinic or at home. A commonly used tool for patient self-reporting of quality of life is the EQ5D health status questionnaire which, while limited in scope, has general applicability across a range of health interventions. In this article we examine the issues relating to online patient self-reporting using this questionnaire and the wider implications for the online reporting of health status.
What you see is not what you get in the PDF document format
Authors: Dahl Mads R. , Simonsen Eivind O. , Høyer Christian B.
Published: June 2013

The sharing and storage of scientific knowledge, information and data are today mainly in digitized form, which will become the predominant means of communicating scientific work in the future. One of the best-established formats is the open standard of PDF (Portable Document Format), which is renowned for its flexibility and stability. In this article, we expose a major flaw in the format with respect to the security of confidential information, such that even organizations responsible for safeguarding and setting the standards for data management were unintentionally revealing confidential patient data. By collecting and analysing a random sample of files from a health informatics organization, we demonstrate the extent of the problem and determine its cause by code analysis of an example. In conclusion, we suggest the development of a knowledge-sharing format that does not demand expert skills for safe usage: WYSIWYS (What You See Is What You Store).
Situating nature: Ruins of modernity as náttúruperlur
Authors: Pálsson Gísli
Published: June 2013

The aim of this article is to contribute to problematizing the notion of nature in Icelandic nature-based tourism. Despite a fairly robust recent definition of nature-based tourism by the Icelandic Ministry of Industry as “travellers’ varied experience of nature,” in fact, the definition of nature in this context seems limited to places supposedly unspoilt by human influence, and that rather simplistic understanding seems overly prevalent in the discourse of Icelandic tourism. The concept of “nature-based” tourism is necessarily reductive if it is limited to areas conceptualized as pristine. Many places that are identified primarily through their anthropogenic features would not be adequately understood without considering their ecological properties, and certain areas with significant anthropogenic elements give rise to specific—and in many ways unique—experiences of flora and fauna. Central among them are ruins, where ambiguous space is occupied spontaneously, where interactions with the nonhuman can be more unexpected, startling, and dangerous than in more regulated areas. If tourists come to Iceland chiefly due to the country’s spectacular náttúra, the Icelandic tourism industry is well advised to be mindful of the many derelict and abandoned contemporary structures found across the country.
Sleeping with the Enemy: Recent Scholarship on Sexuality in the Book of Judges
Authors: Frolov Serge
Published: June 2013

Reviewing the publications of the last three decades, this article demonstrates that the period in question has been predictably marked by sharply increased attention to the sexual aspects of the book of Judges, and especially by sustained attempts to discover sexuality in the texts that had been commonly read with little to no reference to it. Refreshing as it is in many respects, this trend suffers from multiple vulnerabilities, including the exegetes’ tendency to stretch semantics of the biblical lexemes, ignore the syntactic layout and context of the discussed fragments, rely on problematic sexual symbolism, and produce interpretations that are less than edifying for contemporary Western audiences. As a result, much, although by no means all, of the recent quest for sexuality in Judges is unsustainable, as far as both the text and the reader are concerned.
Alternative Perspectives beyond the Perspectives: A Summary of Pauline Studies that has Nothing to Do with Piper or Wright
Authors: Worthington Bruce
Published: June 2013

Given the overwhelming scholarly attention directed towards the Old and New Perspectives within the Pauline Studies guild, much worthwhile Pauline scholarship continues to float beneath or beyond our interpretive radar. Recent post-colonial, ecotheological and philosophical reappraisals of Paul are changing the way we do business—with some interesting alternative conclusions. As a ‘state of play’ synopsis, this article seeks to summarize ways in which alternative discourses like (1) continental philosophy, (2) ecological hermeneutics, (3) post-colonial/gender reconstructions, and (4) social-scientific theory can shed a necessary, nuanced light on Paul and his continued relevance beyond the duelling perspectives. However, I conclude by suggesting that most alternative ‘reconstructions’ significantly rely on the notion of early Christian egalitarian purity, and thus only confirm a modern liberal inclination to establish original, untainted, pure, Christian origins.
Bending Forward, One Step Backward: On the Sociology of Tasting Techniques
Authors: Schwarz Ori
Published: June 2013

The ‘new’ sociology of culture has provided us with valuable insights regarding the performative, corporeal, and unpredictable dimensions of art tasting, which the ‘old’, critical sociology of art failed to recognize. But how can we profit from these insights without committing the sin of the denial of the social (and social structures in particular)? This article suggests that these insights may be incorporated into the critical sociology of art once we are ready to substitute reified tasting techniques for reified tastes as our main objects of study. Relying on works in anthropology, philosophy, history and neuroscience, I urge us to put tasting techniques at the heart of our research agenda in cultural sociology. This will enable us to simultaneously give full account of the subjective, unique art-tasting experiences which are informed by specific tasting techniques, as well as of the role the same techniques play in social reproduction and social closure.
Dimensions of Conventionality and Innovation in Film: The Cultural Classification of Blockbusters, Award Winners, and Critics’ Favourites
Authors: Kersten Annemarie , Verboord Marc
Published: June 2013

Today’s complex film world seems to upset the dual structure corresponding with Bourdieu’s categorization of ‘restricted’ and ‘large-scale’ fields of cultural production. This article examines how movies in French, Dutch, American and British film fields are classified in terms of material practices and symbolic affordances. It explores how popular, professional, and critical recognition are related to film production as well as interpretation. Analysis of the most successful film titles of 2007 offers insight into the film field’s differentiation. Distinction between mainstream and artistic film shows a gradual rather than a dichotomous positioning that spans between conventionality and innovation. Apparently, the intertwining of small-scale and large-scale film fields cannot be perceived as a straightforward loss of distinction or an overall shift of production logics, but rather as ‘production on the boundaries’ in which filmmakers combine production logics to cater to publics with various levels of aesthetic fluency and omnivorous taste patterns.
Studying Culture Differently: From Quantum Physics to the Music Synthesizer: An Interview with Trevor Pinch
Authors: Magaudda Paolo
Published: June 2013

This interview with Trevor Pinch, one of the most significant scholars in contemporary Science and Technology Studies (STS), reconstructs his career from the second half of the 1970s onwards, emphasizing the various points of contact and differences between social studies of science and technology, and several different approaches and authors in cultural sociology, cultural studies and culturalist approaches to the study of society. In doing so, the interview traces the evolution of debates in the sociological study of culture in relation to contemporaneous developments in the social study of science and technology. The interview moves on to explore one of the areas where Trevor Pinch has been active in recent years, namely the social and cultural study of music technologies. The interview ends with a reflection upon the political perspectives implicit in studies of science and technology generally, and in the work of Trevor Pinch particularly.
Three-dimensional analysis of the palmar plate and collateral ligaments at the proximal interphalangeal joint
Authors: Lee S. W. J. , Ng Z. Y. , Fogg Q. A.
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the palmar plate complex at the proximal interphalangeal joint using a three-dimensional (3D) technique, which makes it easier to understand the dimensions of structures and their relationship to the adjacent components. This method allows individual elements to be removed virtually, facilitating clearer observation of each component. Sixteen cadaveric specimens were dissected and reconstructed in a 3D virtual environment. The palmar plate is made up of a distal, fibrous portion and a proximal, membranous portion, which anchors distally on the base of the middle phalanx and is continuous with the bilateral check-rein ligaments proximally. The accessory collateral ligaments and the A3 pulley suspend the palmar plate laterally.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in pregnancy: a case report with literature review
Authors: Ticku Jonathan , Oberoi Shilpa , Friend Sarah , Busowski John , Langenstroer Mary , Baidas Said
Published: June 2013

The management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during pregnancy requires treatment with high-dose chemotherapy that can pose risks to both the mother and fetus. Special consideration to chemotherapy regimen and its doses and to fetal gestational age at the time of chemotherapy administration should be taken in order to limit fetal exposure while still providing optimal therapy to the mother. Here we describe a 22-year-old patient who was diagnosed at 26 weeks gestation with ALL and was treated in the third trimester with HyperCVAD (cytoxan, vincristine, adriamycin, dexamethasone) combination chemotherapy giving birth via Caesarean section to a healthy baby girl 4 weeks after induction chemotherapy.
Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology
Authors: Templer Donald I. , Tangen Kimberly
Published: June 2013

Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) taken by professional (Vail Model) graduates had a failure rate of 30.82% in contrast to 7.60% for EPPP licensing exams taken by traditional (Boulder Model) graduates of clinical psychology programs. Thus, exams taken by professional graduates were 4.06 more likely to result in failure. It was acknowledged that it is not known whether EPPP performance is related to psychotherapy outcome.
Teaching Approaches and Student Involvement in Learning to Write
Authors: Kim Kyeongheui
Published: June 2013

This study examined the relationship between teaching approaches and the learning involvement of students from Korea in US college level classes by examining what these students did to complete writing assignments required for classes and what approaches professors adopted to assist students with English writing. It also examined how and why their involvement changed from active to less involvement to withdrawal or passive involvement to active involvement. In other words, this study examined how much professors’ teaching approaches influenced students’ attitudes towards English writing. Korean students who grew up in a culture where the whole society regards teachers highly expected more from their professors and were more dependent on professors. It appears that study participants’ English language proficiency also played a role in their dependency on their professors. There was a gap between these students’ expectations for professors and some of their professors’ teaching approaches. Also, there was some professors’ bias perceived by study participants, whether intentional or not, against non-native English speaking students and minority students, which disappointed and frustrated study participants and influenced these students’ degrees of involvement in learning.
Associations Between Body Mass Index and Musculoskeletal Pain and Related Symptoms in Different Body Regions Among Workers
Authors: Moreira-Silva Isabel , Santos Rute , Abreu Sandra , Mota Jorge
Published: June 2013

Obesity rates are high among employed adults and have shown a consistent increase over the past few decades. Musculoskeletal disorders related to work are a major cause of disability in working individuals. The objective of this study was to verify the associations between weight status and musculoskeletal pain and related symptoms in different body regions among workers. The sample comprised 203 factory workers. Anthropometric measures were assessed with standardized protocols and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Participants were classified as nonoverweight (BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m2) or overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Musculoskeletal pain and related symptoms was assessed with the Nordic Questionnaire of Osteoarticular Symptoms. The association of BMI and musculoskeletal pain and related symptoms was analyzed with logistic regression. Overweight/obese participants were more likely to have musculoskeletal pain and related symptoms in the shoulders (odds ratio [OR] = 2.129, p = .023). Our results emphasize the need of worksite interventions to promote healthy weight as a way to prevent musculoskeletal pain and related symptoms.
Mobilizing Group Membership
Authors: Druckman James N. , Green Donald P.
Published: June 2013

A randomized experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of three forms of e-mail appeals to prospective members of a newly formed professional group. The baseline condition consisted of an impersonal appeal; prospective members were sent a mass e-mail encouraging them to join. Participants in the personal condition received an e-mail with the same content, prefaced by a personal note from the group president. Participants in the social pressure condition received a personal note that called attention to the fact that they had previously signed a petition to form the professional group and urged them to make good on their earlier pledge (i.e., signing of the petition). Personalization is found to generate strong and statistically significant treatment effects. Even stronger are the effects of social pressure.
Managing Stakeholder Dialogue: The Case of Botnia in Uruguay
Authors: Heikkinen Anna , Kujala Johanna , Lehtimäki Hanna
Published: June 2013

Stakeholder dialogue is an effective way for a company to enhance its sensitivity to the operational environment and to increase stakeholders’ understandings of the dilemmas facing the company. An open and transparent dialogue process can create fertile ground for solving tensions in stakeholder relations. However, the process is not always straightforward. This article presents a case where a Finnish forest industry company’s decision to build a pulp mill in Uruguay raised both opposing and supporting views among the local interest groups. The company faced the challenge of how to engage with the hostile, opposing groups in order to ensure their operations in Uruguay. By engaging in this case, students will deepen their understanding of the multitude of stakeholder interests and learn to facilitate a dialogue that seeks to find solutions and avoid conflict in a situation of a stakeholder dispute.
Pakistan Steel Mills Amid Crisis
Authors: Asim Muhammad , Zaki Abdul Rahman
Published: June 2013

The steel industry is one of the most progressive and innovative industries in today’s dynamic and competitive world that caters to the need of every individual and every aspect of life from a micro level to the macro level and fulfils the demand of almost all industrial sectors and therefore is a key element responsible for driving the economy of a nation. Pakistan Steel Mills Corporation (PSMC)—once a highly profitable organization and considered one of the largest and sole steel producers in Pakistan—is on the verge of collapse and passing through critical stages of its survival. Despite its monopoly and vast potential to expand and grow, PSMC has not only lagged far behind in comparison to its neighbouring nation, but has also been unable to meet the demand of its own nation. This study attempts to explore and analyze the pros and cons of its current deteriorating condition by considering the various factors and challenges faced by PSMC for the last few years and in particular the consequences of the unsuccessful post-privatization attempt made by the government. Numerous apparent and inherent factors are attributed to this failure, namely, the high bureaucratic influence, financial irregularities, managerial incapabilities, inefficient management techniques, etc. In addition, the role and impact of other steel sources such as ship-breaking, steel melting, imports, etc., are also taken into account, that, if carefully managed and controlled, can help PSMC come out of its dilemma.
The Effect of Gender on Women-led Small Enterprises: The Case of India
Authors: Gupta Debasree Das
Published: June 2013

The importance of women-led enterprises for any country’s economic growth and competitiveness is well established. According to a 2009 study, in India female-run enterprises in recent years have performed significantly better than other enterprises in terms of productivity and export percentages. However, gender gap in entrepreneurial initiatives in India is among the highest in the world. Although accepted as crucial, the role of public policy towards addressing these barriers is under-researched in the entrepreneurship literature. Further, the current evidence base on state-level predictors of female enterprises is scant. The aim of this study is to highlight these gaps. In doing so, the focus is on interpreting the role of gender correlates—fertility, female educational attainment and female economic activities—in facilitating or hindering women-led enterprises. Indeed, previous studies have identified gender-related factors to have the greatest impact on women’s choice in not taking up entrepreneurial activities. An empirical regression analysis and a qualitative review of the institutional environment are conducted. The findings presented in this study indicate the need for a realignment of policy focus towards addressing gender barriers and developing managerial skills, in addition to technical skills, of women entrepreneurs.
Challenges of Globalization, Flattening and Unbundling
Authors: Rhodes Edward
Published: June 2013

We are currently witnessing a major transformation of twentieth-century institutions. It is not that the sovereign state, the business corporation or the other major institutions of national and international life are going away, but they are experiencing substantial ‘unravelling’. Driving this process are two underlying dynamics: the dramatic expansion of information and communication technology and a pervasive expansion of human capacity caused by wider access to education. The unravelling of institutions which results from these dynamics has three key elements. The first is globalization—a fundamental change in time–distance relationships and in the impact of physical and political boundaries. The second is the increased ability of single individuals or informally organized, non-hierarchic groups to solve complex problems, resulting in a ‘flattening’ of effective organizations. The third transformation is the ‘unbundling’ of services, as the ability of organizations to control information and markets declines. These transformations promise to change the relative competitiveness of various institutions.
P&G: Providing Sustainable Innovative Products through LCA Worldwide
Authors: Agarwal Raveesh , Thiel Monica
Published: June 2013

Procter and Gamble (P&G) is a publicly owned company which touches the lives of about four billion people around the world with its product portfolio. P&G is committed to improving people’s everyday life by making products more environmentally sustainable. To understand how P&G can make products more environmentally sustainable, the present case focuses on the scientific approach called Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) adopted by P&G to deliver sustainable innovations without trade-offs in performance or value of the products.
What is Globalization? The Paradoxes of the Economic and Political Substance of Markets
Authors: Pesqueux Yvon
Published: June 2013

To view globalization in the context of easy or restricted access to global resources is only a very restrictive concept limiting its dimension to geographic space. The term should be assessed in its broader context to understand fully the impact on business, society and culture. This thematic article addresses various perspectives: a descriptive perspective linking globalization with trade flows; a political perspective linking globalization with the ‘crisis’ of sovereignty; a historical perspective about the ‘world-economy’, and a cultural and anthropological perspective. The article goes on to highlight and discuss six senses, each of which has its own logic: an economic sense mainly related to the consequences of multinational corporations’ activity; a geographic sense in which globalization is a geography of flows of activities and their anchorage in a country independent of its geographic space; a political sense that factors in the growing weight of ‘supranational’ organizations and the importance attached to ‘transnational’ political issues; a dogmatic sense in which globalization is a necessary doctrine; a historical sense in which globalization is the current verbalization of capitalism as a political order applicable worldwide; and an organizational sense which places at the core of organizational rationales a relational perspective. The paradoxes of the economic and political substance of the markets are underlined.
Toward eliminating HLA class I expression to generate universal cells from allogeneic donors
Authors: Torikai Hiroki , Reik Andreas , Soldner Frank , Warren Edus H. , Yuen Carrie , Zhou Yuanyue , Crossland Denise L. , Huls Helen , Littman Nicholas , Zhang Ziying , Tykodi Scott S. , Kebriaei Partow , Lee Dean A. , Miller Jeffrey C. , Rebar Edward J. , Holmes Michael C. , Jaenisch Rudolf , Champlin Richard E. , Gregory Philip D. , Cooper Laurence J. N.
Published: June 2013

Key Points

Allogeneic-donor–derived cells can be genetically modified to eliminate expression of HLA-A. HLA-A disruption from donor cells is a step toward generating allogeneic cells as an off-the-shelf therapeutic.
Loss of endothelial protein C receptors links coagulation and inflammation to parasite sequestration in cerebral malaria in African children
Authors: Moxon Christopher A. , Wassmer Samuel C. , Milner Danny A. , Chisala Ngawina V. , Taylor Terrie E. , Seydel Karl B. , Molyneux Malcolm E. , Faragher Brian , Esmon Charles T. , Downey Colin , Toh Cheng-Hock , Craig Alister G. , Heyderman Robert S.
Published: June 2013

Key Points

In cerebral malaria, IEs cause loss of protein C receptors and a highly localized microvascular coagulopathy. Low cerebral constitutive expression of these receptors, EPCR and TM, may explain the brain's vulnerability to IE-dependent pathology.
Unique clinicopathological features of metaplastic breast carcinoma compared with invasive ductal carcinoma and poor prognostic indicators
Authors: Song Yanni , Liu Xiaolong , Zhang Guoqiang , Song Hongtao , Ren Yanlv , He Xiaoguang , Wang Yanbo , Zhang Jinfeng , Zhang Youxue , Sun Shanshan , Liang Xiaoshuan , Sun Qian , Pang Da
Published: June 2013

Background

Metaplastic breast carcinoma is a rare aggressive malignant neoplasm. The purposes of this study are to review the pathologic features and clinical outcomes of metaplastic breast carcinoma compared to invasive ductal carcinoma and to evaluate the prognosis of metaplastic breast carcinoma.

Methods

The cases of 55 patients with metaplastic breast carcinomapresenting between 1991 and 2006 were analyzed and compared to the cases of 767 age-matched patients with invasive ductal carcinoma from the same time period.

Results

The group of patients with metaplastic breast carcinoma presented with a larger tumor size, lower lymph node involvement, higher percentage of triple-negative (estrogen receptor-, progesterone receptor- and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative) cases, and Ki-67 over-expression compared with the group of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma and triple-negative invasive ductal carcinomas. Patients in the metaplastic breast carcinoma group tended to have more local (often chest wall) recurrences (P = 0.038) and distant (often lung) metastases (P = 0.001) than those in the invasive ductal carcinomas group. The prognosis of metaplastic breast carcinoma was poorer than that of invasive ductal carcinoma and triple-negative invasive ductal carcinomas; the 5-year overall survival rate was 54.5% in metaplastic breast carcinoma versus 85.1% in invasive ductal carcinoma, and 73.3% in triple-negative invasive ductal carcinomas (P <0.001). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 45.5% in metaplastic breast carcinoma versus 71.2% in invasive ductal carcinoma, and 60.3% in triple-negative invasive ductal carcinomas (P <0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed tumor size larger than 5.0 cm, lymph node involvement and Ki-67≥14% were significantly related to 5-year overall survival (P = 0.010; P = 0.010; P = 0.035) and 5-year disease-free survival (P = 0.020; P = 0.018; P = 0.049).

Conclusions

Metaplastic breast carcinoma shows a poorer prognosis than both invasive ductal carcinoma and triple-negative invasive ductal carcinomas. Tumor size larger than 5.0 cm, lymph node involvement and Ki-67 ≥14% indicate a poor prognosis in patients with metaplastic breast carcinoma.
Iterative algorithms with errors for zero points of m-accretive operators
Authors: Qin Xiaolong , Cho Sun Young , Wang Lin
Published: June 2013

In this paper, we study the convergence of paths for continuous pseudocontractions in a real Banach space. As an application, we consider the problem of finding zeros of m-accretive operators based on an iterative algorithm with errors. Strong convergence theorems for zeros of m-accretive operators are established in a real Banach space.

MSC:47H05, 47H09, 47J25, 65J15.
Sequencing viral genomes from a single isolated plaque
Authors: DePew Jessica , Zhou Bin , McCorrison Jamison M , Wentworth David E , Purushe Janaki , Koroleva Galina , Fouts Derrick E
Published: June 2013

Background

Whole genome sequencing of viruses and bacteriophages is often hindered because of the need for large quantities of genomic material. A method is described that combines single plaque sequencing with an optimization of Sequence Independent Single Primer Amplification (SISPA). This method can be used for de novo whole genome next-generation sequencing of any cultivable virus without the need for large-scale production of viral stocks or viral purification using centrifugal techniques.

Methods

A single viral plaque of a variant of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 human Influenza A virus was isolated and amplified using the optimized SISPA protocol. The sensitivity of the SISPA protocol presented here was tested with bacteriophage F_HA0480sp/Pa1651 DNA. The amplified products were sequenced with 454 and Illumina HiSeq platforms. Mapping and de novo assemblies were performed to analyze the quality of data produced from this optimized method.

Results

Analysis of the sequence data demonstrated that from a single viral plaque of Influenza A, a mapping assembly with 3590-fold average coverage representing 100% of the genome could be produced. The de novo assembled data produced contigs with 30-fold average sequence coverage, representing 96.5% of the genome. Using only 10 pg of starting DNA from bacteriophage F_HA0480sp/Pa1651 in the SISPA protocol resulted in sequencing data that gave a mapping assembly with 3488-fold average sequence coverage, representing 99.9% of the reference and a de novo assembly with 45-fold average sequence coverage, representing 98.1% of the genome.

Conclusions

The optimized SISPA protocol presented here produces amplified product that when sequenced will give high quality data that can be used for de novo assembly. The protocol requires only a single viral plaque or as little as 10 pg of DNA template, which will facilitate rapid identification of viruses during an outbreak and viruses that are difficult to propagate.