bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Public Health Care, Education and Administration Efficiency in Central, Eastern and South Eastern Europe
Authors: Buljan Antonija , Deskar-Škrbić Milan , Šimović Hrvoje
Published: January 2020

This paper analyses determinants of public sector efficiency in 15 Central Eastern and South Eastern European (CESEE) countries. Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and panel Tobit regressions we analyse the efficiency of public expenditure on health care, education, and public administration. This paper represents the first analysis of public expenditure efficiency for this region. The countries in the sample share a similar economic transition background and transition related challenges in terms of government size and efficiency. In this paper we use input-oriented DEA to calculate efficiency scores and apply Tobit regressions to identify the determinants of public expenditure efficiency for each category. According to our results, the health care sector shows the most room for improvement. With an average input efficiency score of 0.87, the analysed countries could attain the same output with an average 13% fewer resources. The results show that Bulgaria, Estonia, and Slovenia are the most efficient, whilst Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina are the worst performers. GDP per capita has a positive effect on efficiency in the health care sector, the rising share of the elderly population reduces the efficiency coefficient, whilst a higher level of education has a positive effect on the efficiency score, as recorded in earlier studies. In education, our results suggest that countries waste an average 10% of their resources. The Czech Republic, Estonia, Poland, Romania, and the Slovak Republic represent the frontier, while the worst performers are Slovenia, Lithuania, and Latvia. The results show that GDP per capita has a positive effect on efficiency in the education sector, whilst a higher unemployment rate leads to lower efficiency scores. Regarding public administration, the average efficiency score of the analysed countries is 0.9, which indicates that countries are wasting an average 10% of their resources. Estonia and Romania are fully efficient, whilst Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Hungary are the most inefficient countries in the sample. As expected, GDP per capita and institutional quality have positive effects on the efficiency of public administration.
The Current Situation and a Review of Chinese Library and Information Science from the Perspective of the Teaching System
Authors: Wei Mingkun , Chumg Hao-Fan , Li Danyang , Li Xinlai
Published: January 2020

The evolution of information science education in China has changed over time. This paper studies library and information science education from the perspective of bibliometrics. Following a literature review, this research discusses the stages of library and information science education in China and concludes that China has increasingly paid more attention to library and information science education in recent years.
O My God: Religion in Sting’s Early Lyrics
Authors: Marienberg Evyatar
Published: January 2020

This article examines the religious references in Sting’s lyrics from the first decade of his career (1975–1984), comprising his time as a member of Last Exit (a group that was mostly active in and around Newcastle upon Tyne) until the breakup of The Police, the group that made him an international superstar. The article shows that some of Sting’s most interesting songs that employ religious ideas, texts, or expressions went through several incarnations. It also reveals that Sting refrained from the topic during his early years with The Police, but returned to it later, after he reached the age of thirty and the group gained international status.
Dysgraphia Manifestations Peculiarities in Elementary Bilingual Schoolchildren
Authors: Shishkina Nadezhda Sergeevna
Published: January 2020

The presented article is devoted to the problem of writing disorders in elementary bilingual schoolchildren in the Russian-language learning environment. The aim of the study is to identify the dysgraphia manifestations peculiarities in elementary bilingual schoolchildren. The concepts of «dysgraphia», «bilingualism», and «transfer» are clarified in the article. Particular attention is paid to the transfer of the native language in the process of learning the Russian language as a second language. Analysis of the study results showed that 100% of children have both spelling and dysgraphic errors. When testing the ability to write at dictation, children made various types of dysgraphic errors. Methods. A comparative analysis of linguistic differences at the phonetic and grammatical levels is given on the examples of Khakass, Azerbaijani and Russian speech. As part of the study, a methodology was conducted for examining written speech among bilingual schoolchildren of Khakass and Azerbaijan nationalities studying in Russian in the 2nd grade of the city of Abakan. Result. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data showed the presence of specific writing errors of all types of dysgraphia in this category of children. The applicable scope of results. The materials of the article can be used by speech therapists and teachers in the analysis and classification of the identified violations of written speech in elementary bilingual schoolchildren. The authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to develop more effective scientifically-based methodological system for teaching Russian as a second language.
Mordovian Composer N.V. Kosheleva: Contexts of Oeuvre
Authors: Radzetskaya Olga Vladimirovna
Published: January 2020

The article considers the natural and ethical as well as professional and aesthetic spheres of the famous mordovian composer N.V. Kosheleva’s oeuvre. The aim of the study is to create an idea of the principles of master’s musical writing style formation. During the study following methods were applied: theoretical, observation, comparison. Result. The focus is on ethnic cultural traditions as the foundation of the author's creative thinking, as a source of professional education and spiritual life. Among them: mordovian language, folk songs, national costume, female archetype, reflected in the legends, myths and tales of Mordovia. It is concluded that the natural and ethical spheres of Nina Vasilevna Kosheleva's composer palette are closely related to the female archetype, one of the oldest symbols of the Volga-Ural region. This original and diverse phenomenon in its manifestations allowed the composer to create unforgettable images with vivid emotionality and deep psychologism.
Analysis of Applied Problems in Modern Textbooks of Algebra and Geometry from Positions of the FSES BGE Requirements
Authors: Bychkov Aleksandr Vladislavovich
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the concept of «mathematical literacy», which is important from positions of the PISA international studies requirements. There are three types of activity (formulation of the situation mathematically, application of mathematics, interpretation of the result), the possession of which is checked in the PISA study. The article presents the subject results formulated in the FSES of BGE, on the study of which the subject area «Mathematics» is aimed, reflecting the need for the formation of selected components of mathematical literacy in students. The article presents the results of the analysis of tasks presented in the most common textbooks on algebra and geometry of the main school. The purpose of the analysis was to identify the presence of practice-oriented tasks in textbooks that meet the requirements of the FSES of BGE and the requirements of diagnostic tools used in international PISA studies. During the study the following methods were used: comparison, analysis, theoretical. The study was based on the most frequently used in school practice textbooks of the following authors: L.S. Atanasyan, V.F. Butuzov, S.B. Kadomtsev, E.G. Poznyak, I.I. Yudina, L.S. Atanasyan, V.F. Butuzov, etc. Result: the article presents the results of the analysis of the problem material presented in the most common textbooks on algebra and geometry of the general school. On the basis of the analysis of three author's lines on the study of geometry in the general school, common problems are identified. An example of a practical problem, confirming the conclusions, formulated during the analysis is given. The authorcomes to the conclusion that there is still lack of practice-oriented tasks in modern textbooks on algebra, helping to motivate students to conscious assimilation of mathematical facts and statements, providing the formation of the ability to model on the basis of a real, life situation.
Dialogue in the Cognitive Process: History and Modernity
Authors: Podgornov Vadim Vladimirovich , Makarova Yuliya Aleksandrovna , Belova Lyudmila Aleksandrovna , Shamrova Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the concept of dialogue as a method of traditional cognition and a consistent semiotic instrumental expression of human culture, which explores the systems and ways of social communication in the society. The article focuses on dialogue as a special form of a cognitive process and mediation, having its distinct features, analyzed when the individual is included in many systems of sociocultural interaction at the level of functional integrity. Along with comparative and descriptive approaches, analytic and dialectic methods have been used. The significance of two historical stages of dialogue development as a method of cognition has been analyzed, as well as their distinguishing characteristics and comparative relationship. The method belongs to a group of ritual methods organically related to the art of human self-change as a person. Each of these stages bears its own specific features related to the human genesis, ethics, communication and the metaphysical world. It can be concluded that in the contemporary world, dialogue fully reflects the peculiarities of communication of presence, as well as the value principles of social perception of time and space in the context of the symbolic model of mediareality, which in turn is changing the typology, interests and character of the modern subject. The prospects for development of the phenomenon are also related to the semiotic ideas about the nature of a human, their conceptual apparatus and functional load in the symbolic organization of mental activity as such. Being under the control of consciousness of communicative strategies implies a controlling role of the worldview in relation to them.
Professor of the Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy V.M. Florinsky – Scientist, Teacher and Statesman
Authors: Dvirskii Alexander Anatolevich , Dvirsky Anatoly Emelianovich , Ivanov Igor Isaakovich
Published: January 2020

The main periods of life, scientific and state activity of Vasilij Markovich Florinsky. The purpose of the article is to consider stages of V.M. Florinsky’s activity in the academy as a pupil, scientist and statesman and to show his role in the development of obstetrics and gynaecology, anthropology, ethnography, history of medicine and folk medicine, as well as his contribution to the formation of eugenics and medical genetics. During the study the following methods were applied: theoretical, analysis, biographical. V.M. Florinsky published more than 330 scientific works. He published about 30 scientific publications on various sections of obstetrics and gynaecology. The scientist proposed an original method to prevent ruptures of the perineum during childbirth, among the first in Russia he successfully used chloroform for anesthesia in childbirth, conducted various histological studies in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology. A significant part of V.M. Florinsky's publications is devoted to archaeological and ethnographic researches. Discussion: V.M. Florinsky's biography will arise interest in specialists of humanitarian and medical profiles, politicians and public figures. Conclusion: having considered the main periods of life, scientific and state activity of V.M. Florinsky, his significant contribution to the development of obstetrics and gynaecology, anthropology, ethnography, history of medicine and folk medicine and to the formation of eugenics and medical genetics can be noted. V.M. Florinsky as a reformer and administrator in the system of university education strengthened the domestic and international authority of Russian science.
Model of Methodological Educational Support of Etiquette Behavior Skills Formation in Senior Preschoolers in the Conditions of Preschool Educational Institution and Family
Authors: Ustritskaya Yuliya Stepanovna , Karpova Svetlana Ivanovna
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the organization of educational work on the etiquette behavior skills formation in senior preschoolers, which is aimed at awareness and implementation of children's etiquette norms (appearance, table etiquette, speech etiquette, behavior in public places), contributing to the favorable entry of preschoolers into society and successful interaction with people surrounding them. The purpose of the article is to consider the model of methodological educational support of etiquette behavior skills formation in senior preschoolers in the conditions of preschool educational institution and family. Methods. A pedagogical experiment, in which 56 children of six years of the preschool educational institution №51 «Zorenka» of the city Khimki, Moscow Region took part, was conducted. Parents were also surveyed for interest in the etiquette behavior skills formation in children. Research results. In the course of the study, the average level of etiquette behavior skills formation in children was observed. The survey of parents showed little interest in etiquette behavior skills formation in children. For the purpose of successful formation of etiquette behavior skills in senior preschoolers in the conditions of preschool educational institution and a family the program of methodical support was organized. Conclusion. Repeated diagnostics of the level of etiquette behavior skills formation in senior preschoolers revealed a more pronounced positive dynamics in the level of etiquette behavior skills formation in children.
Formation of the World Picture and Tasks of Modern Education
Authors: Plotnikova Olga Vasilevna
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the article is analysis of a stable holistic world picture formation ways in university students. The relevance of the issue is due to the fact that the formation of the most significant concepts that form the basis of the modern scientific world picture, often suffers from fragmentation, the knowledge gained by students in different sections of the same course, are little connected with each other, do not form a unified system. To ensure the unity of scientific knowledge, it is necessary to provide for the implementation of «comprehensive» generalizations throughout the whole course. The following methods were applied during the study: theoretical, analysis, comparison. This study proposes the criteria for selecting the main generalizing ideas and the conditions necessary for their successful work. The results of the study are concretized on the example of the space-time representations formation in the course of general physics in the university. The choice is due to the fact that the categories of space and time belong to the most fundamental concepts of science and culture, are a reflection of the universal attributes of matter. To solve the tasks, the analysis of the state of the problem in the methodology of teaching physics was carried out. It is concluded that the main ideas can serve as a basis for the space-time representations formation. The proposed provisions summarize the personal experience of teaching the course of general physics at the Far Eastern Federal University.
Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma: moving toward targeted therapies
Authors: Hengartner Astrid C. , Prince Eric , Vijmasi Trinka , Hankinson Todd C.
Published: January 2020

The evolving characterization of the biological basis of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) has provided insights critical for novel systemically delivered therapies. While current treatment strategies for ACP are associated with low mortality rates, patients experience severely lowered quality of life due to high recurrence rates and chronic sequelae, presenting a need for novel effective treatment regimens. The identification of various dysregulated pathways that play roles in the pathogenesis of ACP has prompted the investigation of novel treatment options. Aberrations in the CTNNB1 gene lead to the dysregulation of the Wnt pathway and the accumulation of nuclear β-catenin, which may play a role in tumor invasiveness. While Wnt pathway/β-catenin inhibition may be a promising treatment for ACP, potential off-target effects have limited its use in current intervention strategies. Promising evidence of the therapeutic potential of cystic proinflammatory mediators and immunosuppressants has been translated into clinical therapies, including interleukin 6 and IDO-1 inhibition. The dysregulation of the pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and programmed cell death protein 1 and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) has led to identification of various therapeutic targets that have shown promise as clinical strategies. The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway is upregulated in ACP and has been implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor growth; however, inhibition of SHH in murine models decreased survival, limiting its therapeutic application. While further preclinical and clinical data are needed, systemically delivered therapies could delay or replace the need for more aggressive definitive treatments. Ongoing preclinical investigations and clinical trials of these prospective pathways promise to advance treatment approaches aimed to increase patients’ quality of life.
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for pediatric tumor-associated hydrocephalus
Authors: Sherrod Brandon A. , Iyer Rajiv R. , Kestle John R. W.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

Surgical options for managing hydrocephalus secondary to CNS tumors have traditionally included ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) when tumor resection or medical management alone are ineffective. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has emerged as an attractive treatment strategy for tumor-associated hydrocephalus because it offers a lower risk of infection and hardware-related complications; however, relatively little has been written on the topic of ETV specifically for the treatment of tumor-associated hydrocephalus. Here, the authors reviewed the existing literature on the use of ETV in the treatment of tumor-associated hydrocephalus, focusing on the frequency of ETV use and the failure rates in patients with hydrocephalus secondary to CNS tumor.

METHODS

The authors queried PubMed for the following terms: “endoscopic third ventriculostomy,” “tumor,” and “pediatric.” Papers with only adult populations, case reports, and papers published before the year 2000 were excluded. The authors analyzed the etiology of hydrocephalus and failure rates after ETV, and they compared failure rates of ETV with those of VPS where reported.

RESULTS

Thirty-two studies with data on pediatric patients undergoing ETV for tumor-related hydrocephalus were analyzed. Tumors, particularly in the posterior fossa, were reported as the etiology of hydrocephalus in 38.6% of all ETVs performed (984 of 2547 ETVs, range 29%–55%). The ETV failure rate in tumor-related hydrocephalus ranged from 6% to 38.6%, and in the largest studies analyzed (> 100 patients), the ETV failure rate ranged from 10% to 38.6%. The pooled ETV failure rate was 18.3% (199 failures after 1087 procedures). The mean or median follow-up for ETV failure assessment ranged from 6 months to 8 years in these studies. Only 5 studies directly compared ETV with VPS for tumor-associated hydrocephalus, and they reported mixed results in regard to failure rate and time to failure. Overall failure rates appear similar for ETV and VPS over time, and the risk of infection appears to be lower in those patients undergoing ETV. The literature is mixed regarding the need for routine ETV before resection for posterior fossa tumors with associated hydrocephalus.

CONCLUSIONS

Treatment of tumor-related hydrocephalus with ETV is common and is warranted in select pediatric patient populations. Failure rates are overall similar to those of VPS for tumor-associated hydrocephalus.
Reflexiones teóricas sobre la evaluación de factores socioeconómicos en explotaciones lecheras del Carchi, Ecuador
Authors: Carvajal Pérez Luis , Montenegro Arellano Guillermo Fausto
Published: January 2020

Con la evaluación de factores socioeconómicos en explotaciones lecheras de la provincia del Carchi se pretende conocer cómo se encuentra socialmente el productor, cómo está políticamente representado, su nivel educacional, el nivel de reemplazo generacional, el uso de TIC en la actividad productiva y la calidad de vida. Este estudio busca en la primera etapa, mediante una revisión teórica, caracterizar los factores socioeconómicos de los productores de leche bobina, que facilite elaborar un procedimiento para la evaluación de la influencia socioeconómica en los medios de vida, como herramienta para la toma de decisiones de permanencia en la actividad lechera y disminución migratoria de su fuerza laboral. Será necesario obtener de los participantes información sobre los ingresos recibidos, el detalle del día a día en sus actividades, el bienestar de la unidad familiar, evaluando índices de productividad e índices de felicidad, enfocados en determinar si un productor feliz obtendrá de mejor manera su producción, con un sentido propositivo y trascendente, que aporte a la cadena productiva insumos de calidad a largo plazo.
Oferta exportable del sector cafetero del Departamento de Nariño, (2010-2018)
Authors: Coral Rojas Yhancy Eliana , Moncayo Rosero Jenny Katherine , Realpe Cabrera Iván Alirio , Mujica Betancourt Rubén Darío
Published: January 2020

El artículo se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación titulado: “Dinámica de las exportaciones del sector agrícola y su incidencia en el desarrollo rural sostenible en el departamento de Nariño en el periodo 2010-2018”, investigación que busca aportar con mecanismos que permitan fortalecer e incentivar las exportaciones agrícolas y agroindustriales de Nariño en función de las tendencias de la demanda internacional y el desarrollo sostenible. La caracterización de la oferta exportable del sector agrícola y agroindustrial en el periodo comprendido entre el año 2010 y el año 2018, permite identificar y visibilizar el aporte de las empresas exportadoras, así como la identificación puntual de las capacidades productivas y competitivas del Departamento de Nariño. Con el fin de determinar la oferta exportable agrícola y agroindustrial se realizó un análisis y revisión de información secundaria con estadísticas presentadas en declaración de exportación que reporta la Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales, -DIAN- y la consolidación de información en relación con comercio exterior que presentan sistemas de información como trademap y Legiscomex para el periodo 2010-2018. Se identificaron 31 productos de exportación en el Departamento de Nariño, en el presente artículo se realiza una descripción de las exportaciones de café representado en 4 subpartidas.
Análisis para elaboración de un modelo de sustentabilidad en logística y movilidad urbanas de la ciudad de Tulcán
Authors: Morales Pérez Carlos Gustavo , Montalvo Márquez Francisco Javier , Rosero Eliana
Published: January 2020

En la medida en que la población mundial continúa urbanizándose, las ciudades representan una proporción cada vez mayor de la economía nacional y mundial y los efectos de las actividades humanas dejan su huella en la atmósfera a través del cambio climático, se hace más urgente y necesario encontrar formas de gestión y planificación urbanas equitativas que maximicen el potencial individual y colectivo de desarrollo de la sociedad y propendan por un uso más sostenible de los recursos naturales. Es sabido que hoy en día más de la mitad de la población del globo vive en áreas urbanas. En América Latina y el Caribe esta proporción es mayor y varía en consonancia con el ingreso nacional, sobrepasando el 80% en ciertos países. En la mayor parte del África, el Medio Oriente y el Asia el grado de urbanización es todavía del orden de un tercio de la población nacional, pero las próximas décadas verán un aumento inexorable y, en algunos casos, muy acelerado, en la proporción de la población que ha-bita temporal o permanentemente en zonas urbanas. (Dávila, 2012. Movilidad urbana y pobreza: Aprendizajes de Medellín y Soacha) Este análisis busca determinar la importancia de satisfacer necesidades y aspiraciones de la población de la ciudad de Tulcán, fundamentada en tres componentes: el desarrollo social, económico y ecológico, que permitan ampliar el concepto en miras de establecer un modelo sustentable. Para esto se presentó un análisis documental de la evolución de la sustentabilidad centrada en el entorno de preservar al medio ambiente, mediante una adecuada utilización de recursos, y el análisis con las diferentes áreas de la logística y la movilidad urbana, con énfasis en estrategias aplicadas hacia la sustentabilidad. Mediante la recolección y análisis de una serie de datos se presenta la metodología, y técnicas que han permitido obtener resultados sustentables en cuanto al ámbito de logística y movilidad urbana en diferentes zonas geográficas similares a la de Tulcán.  Además, se expone que la sustentabilidad en la movilidad urbana requiere el uso de un sistema de transporte adecuado, con consumo de energía moderado, que cumpla tiempos establecidos, recursos no contaminantes, lo que es uno de los principales motores de crecimiento económico y social de las grandes ciudades del mundo.
Control aduanero y el destino de las mercancías incautadas en la Dirección Distrital de Aduana Tulcán, periodo 2015 -2018
Authors: Montenegro Ayala Diana Patricia , Caza Guevara José Edison , Ruiz Rivadeneira Germán Georing
Published: January 2020

El siguiente proceso investigativo enfocado en el Control aduanero y el destino de las mercancías incautadas en la Dirección Distrital de Aduana Tulcán, periodo 2015-2018, partiendo de un enfoque en diferentes términos del Control Aduanero según La Organización Mundial de Aduanas (OMA), Convenio de Kyoto, La Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración (ALADI) y El Código Orgánico de la Producción, Comercio e Inversiones (COPCI), como el conjunto de medidas adoptadas por la Autoridad Aduanera con el objeto de asegurar el cumplimiento de todas las formalidades en respecto a la legislación, aplicación o ejecución de competencia o responsabilidad, por lo cual deberán someterse a los distintos operadores de comercio exterior  y sobre las personas que entren y salgan del territorio aduanero. El enfoque aplicado al presente artículo científico es de carácter Teórico – Analítico en franca proyección hacia la generación de un análisis – síntesis de la temática tratada, mediante la metodología documental, y uso de herramientas estadísticas. Este sistema de estudio permitió recuperar información relevante de revistas científicas, páginas acreditadas, libros, entre otros. El Servicio Nacional de Aduana del Ecuador (SENAE), tiene como objetivo facilitar las operaciones de comercio exterior, del cual se  obtuvo  datos reales sobre el tema planteado, las técnicas que se utilizaron en los procesos operativos de control aduanero, se presentan los resultados de los controles efectuados en la Dirección Distrital de aduana Tulcán, análisis e interpretación de actas de aprehensión y resultado  del paso ilegal y del  incumplimiento de las formalidades aduaneras en el ingreso a territorio nacional en los años ya establecidos en la investigación.  Finalmente, el objetivo de la investigación es dar a conocer el destino aduanero que se les da a las mercancías incautadas por la Dirección Distrital de aduana Tulcán, en consideración a los procesos jurídicos, análisis e informes de instituciones públicas relacionadas al control de calidad de productos para el consumo humano y la normativa nacional y supranacional.
Cooperación Sur-Sur China en América Latina: el caso de Argentina, Brasil y Chile
Authors: Jiménez Daniel , Ruano Lorena , Puerres Juan
Published: January 2020

La hipótesis de trabajo que guía la presente investigación establece que las acciones de Cooperación Sur-Sur (CSS) por China hacia Argentina, Brasil y Chile, está impulsada por motivaciones geopolíticas y económico-comerciales con el objetivo de atraer materias primas y recursos naturales. Se aborda la forma como China operacionaliza la CSS como un objetivo de su política exterior. El texto está conducido mediante tres partes. La primera desarrolla los instrumentos teóricos enfatizando la definición de CSS y su relación con la política exterior. La segunda abarca la Política Externa de China para América Latina que se desarrolla en dos momentos: (1) un recorrido histórico de la política exterior de la República Popular China donde se recalcan los principios fundamentales; y (2) la intensificación de las relaciones China-América Latina y su desarrollado a partir del siglo XXI. En tercer lugar, se examina la relación de China hacia Argentina-Brasil-Chile evidenciando las diversas áreas donde se desarrolla la CSS. Por último, cabe enunciar que la presencia de China en América Latina ha consolidado una reprimarización en las exportaciones de Argentina, Brasil y Chile, lo que evidencia un subdesarrollo a nivel estructural.
El dilema de la frontera: efecto del diferencial cambiario y estrategias del sector comercial de Tulcán
Authors: Viveros Almeida Luis Homero
Published: January 2020

Este artículo es parte de los resultados del proyecto “Desarrollo fronterizo Ecuador – Colombia: Provincia del Carchi – Departamento de Nariño; periodo de análisis 2017- 2019”, el propósito del estudio es responder las siguientes interrogantes ¿Cuál ha sido el efecto directo del diferencial cambiario en la apertura y cierre de negocios comerciales en la ciudad de Tulcán?, y ¿Cuáles son las estrategias clave que permitan reducir el impacto del diferencial cambiario en las operaciones comerciales locales?. La investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo y es de tipo descriptivo correlacional, de modalidad no experimental, en la que se trabajó con muestreo aleatorio simple con una muestra de 218 comerciantes de Tulcán. Los principales resultados indican que el tipo de cambio como variable independiente explica en un 58% el cierre de negocios de la ciudad; en complemento los comerciantes descartan a la asociatividad como mecanismo de mitigación del efecto cambiario.
Aprendizaje basado en problemas aplicado en la cátedra de los modelos pedagógicos
Authors: Encalada Canacuan Richard Adan , Mina Ortega Marcelo René , Méndez Urresta Jacinto Bolívar , Méndez Urresta Edgar Marcelo
Published: January 2020

El desarrollo de poder orientar en la presente investigación en la materia de Fundamentos Pedagógicos y didácticos a estudiantes de la carrera de Psicología General que están relacionados con la Educación Superior se puede determinar por un proceso de educación diferente a las demás metodologías que la mayor parte de docentes priorizan en este ámbito educativo superior por lo cual se contribuye con metodologia diferente como es el ABP, Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas que en su minoría de docentes universitarios los enfocan dentro sus aulas o lo utilizan como un ejercicio teórico, practico de una clase demostrativa enfocándonos ala catedra de la materia y relacionando los distintos modelos pedagógicos que se encuentran relacionados con Montenegro; considerando como variable importante de la educación superior de nuestra institución superior. Como instrumentos de resultados cuantitativo se consideró un proceso de Pre test y Post test finalizando una encuentra final sobre la evaluación de la aplicación del ABP mediante los criterios de los estudiantes que significa la aplicación de conocimientos de trabajo de asertividad en el rendimiento de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de toda la mancomunidad universitaria y los grandes desafíos de los docentes dentro y fuera de las respectivas aulas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo reconocer el desarrollo de la enseñanza de los distintos modelos pedagógicos de los respectivos docentes de nuestra institución o facultad empleando la participación del aula y el contexto de las unidades complementarias de un proceso metodológico ABP.
El uso de dispositivos electrónicos móviles y su impacto en el incremento de afecciones en los estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Hidalgo Cajo Byron Geovanny , Mayacela Alulema Ángel , Hidalgo Cajo Diego Patricio , Hidalgo Cajo Iván Mesías
Published: January 2020

La postura es la capacidad de mantener el centro de gravedad en una base de sustentación y está determinada por factores como la personalidad, actitud mental, ocupación, genética, vestimenta, edad, estado de salud y modelos socioculturales; sin embargo existen factores que desarrollan alteraciones posturales como el uso prolongado de dispositivos electrónicos móviles. La investigación identifica las diferentes actividades realizadas por los estudiantes con los dispositivos móviles a su vez da a conocer las afecciones que estos provocan en la salud por su excesivo uso, la investigación se realizó con una muestra de  (n=368) estudiantes  de la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo (UNACH) el estudio fue prospectivo, no experimental, transversal, descriptivo y de asociación cuantitativa. Posteriormente  se analizaron los resultados obteniendo que el 70 % de estudiantes utilizan los Smartphone, 23 % tablets y un 7 % laptops, las principales actividades que realizan son la comunicación con amigos y familiares en un 45 %,  para el entretenimiento el 25 %, actividades académicas 23 %, conectarse al internet 4 % y la búsqueda de información el 3 %, una vez conocida la influencia del uso excesivo de los dispositivos móviles  se da luz a las principales afecciones que estos producen  siendo los inbalances musculares el más regular con el 47 % seguido por el encorvamiento en el 28 %, problemas cervicales 11 %, Whatsappitis 8% y otras afecciones como la Nomofobia, Phubbing, Vibranxiety y Tensión ocular en el 7 %, se concluye que la utilización excesiva de estos dispositivos influyen gravemente en la aparición de diversas afecciones que aquejan a la salud estudiantil universitaria.
Clústeres turísticos, un nuevo enfoque dentro de las ventajas competitivas del turismo rural
Authors: Espinosa Ortega Israel Rainiero , Guerrero Palma Pamela Carolina , Iturralde Vallejos Jaime Alejandro
Published: January 2020

El turismo en el siglo XXI es uno de los sectores económicos más importantes a nivel mundial, según cifras se refleja que es un motor económico y de desarrollo global para diferentes sectores; sin embargo, la potencialidad de este generador de desarrollo se ha visto truncada  en algunas iniciativas de sectores rurales en la región norte del Ecuador, es por lo cual que partiendo de las ventajas competitivas que nos menciona Michael Porter, se plantea implantar dichas ventajas para que permitan maximizar o generar un impacto económico positivo para los sectores interesados, en este caso emprendimientos de turismo rural, este modelo ayudará a reducir la estacionalidad, y afrontar las constantes actualizaciones y tendencias dentro de un entorno globalizado.
Por este motivo, se requiere romper los paradigmas, de manera que podamos enfrentar las exigencias del mercado actual, dando una mirada más profunda a la formación de clústeres y encadenamientos productivos intrínsecamente, dentro del panorama de mercado del turismo rural se involucra a varias empresas del sector turístico y otras tantas que no lo son, pero se encuentran ligadas al sector. Para lo cual se tomará empresas que se encuentran dentro de un mismo sector y en una determinada zona geográfica, con el propósito de optimizar sus recursos y brindar servicio integrado, contribuyendo a la alta segmentación y diferenciación del producto. Con lo cual se pretende mostrar las posibilidades que ofrecen las redes y el enfoque de los clústeres para el desarrollo turístico en comunidades rurales, además de crear un espacio de debate académico, dentro de esta aproximación.
Innovación, sostenibilidad y humanización del espacio público como factores primordiales para el desarrollo turístico competitivo
Authors: Mantilla Echeverría Juan Manuel
Published: January 2020

La presente ponencia tiene como objetivo principal analizar como en la actualidad el desarrollo turístico competitivo depende de varios factores entre los principales la innovación, sostenibilidad y humanización del espacio público, estos factores permiten generar resiliencia y un lugar de habitad atractivo primero para los ciudadanos residentes y como consecuencia a los turistas y visitantes nacionales e internacionales, los principales responsables de aplicar estos factores son los gobiernos de cercanía, con mayor énfasis las municipalidades que con políticas públicas adecuadas pueden plasmar estos factores en el desarrollo de las ciudades especialmente de las zonas urbanas donde se concentra la mayor cantidad de habitantes y son el eje de distribución de los visitantes y turistas a destinos cercanos. Además, en la actualidad un factor de atracción de las ciudades para la realización de varios tipos de turismo como por ejemplo el de eventos, congresos y reuniones es la calidad de desarrollo de las ciudades en varios aspectos de la vida cotidiana como espacios públicos, medios de transporte, tecnología, cultura y arte. Mientras más innovadora, sostenible y humana es la ciudad mayor éxito tendrá como destino turístico.
Diseño de un jardín etno-botánico para comunidades rurales que tienen proyectos de turismo comunitario
Authors: García Arciniegas Tuli , Montalvo Vásquez Carmen Patricia , Lomas Cazar Karla
Published: January 2020

En el afán de rescatar conocimientos y prácticas ancestrales respecto a las plantas medicinales locales como una alternativa para las actuales generaciones, se implementó un jardín etno - botánico en la Parroquia Miguel Egas Cabezas, del Cantón Otavalo, que le permita al visitante conocer el uso medicinal, ornamental, comestible, maderable, mítico, religioso, entre otros. La investigación se ampara en la acción participativa, las técnicas utilizadas fueron el registro de observación participante y la documentación digitales de audio y video. El objetivo de la presente investigación constituye la exhibición en vivo de las diferentes especies medicinales, que constituyen a solución a muchas enfermedades que en la actualidad preocupan a la humanidad. Como resultado final de la investigación se tiene el diseño del jardín etno – botánico que constituye un espacio educativo para turistas nacionales y extranjeros.
El "puesto" de las minorías en democracia
Authors: Aranda Álvarez Elviro
Published: January 2020

Reflexión sobre el “puesto” de las minorías en democracia.
Las "insinuaciones" sobre las Cortes de John Allen
Authors: Moreno Alonso Manuel
Published: January 2020

Reflexión sobre Las "insinuaciones" sobre las Cortes de John Allen.
Gallardo, Bartolomé Jose: «Diccionario crítico-burlesco del que se titula Diccionario Razonado manual seguido del Diccionario razonado» (recensión)
Authors: Maciá Gómez Mateo
Published: January 2020

Recensión de la obra de Bartolomé Jose Gallardo: «Diccionario crítico-burlesco del que se titula Diccionario Razonado manual seguido del Diccionario razonado».
Türkiye’de Siyasal Partilerin Sağlık Politikalarına Bakışının Mukayeseli Analizi
Authors: YILMAZ Battal , ÖZMEN Alper
Published: January 2020

Hakim iktisadi anlayışın şekil ve içeriğini
belirlediği sosyal politikalar içerisinde sağlık politikaları önemli yer
tutmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Keynesyen iktisadi anlayış içerisinde sosyal refah
devleti uygulamaları karşımıza çıkmıştır. Sosyal refah devleti uygulamaları
sağlık politikalarını kamunun tek elden tüm vatandaşlara anayasal hak olarak
eşit ve ücretsiz sunumunu öncelemektedir. Ancak Neo-liberal iktisat, sosyal
refah devleti uygulamalarını terk etmeyi, sağlık politikalarını kamu-özel
sektör ve gönüllü kuruluşlar eliyle kamunun düzenleyiciliğinde yürütmeyi
öngörmektedir. İşte bu doğrultuda söz konusu politikaları küresel düzlemde
yaymayı amaç edinen Dünya Bankası başta olmak üzere uluslarüstü örgütler
Türkiye’de 2003 sonrası hayata geçirilen “Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Programı”nı mali
desteği ile hayata geçirilmesinde anahtar rol üstlenmişlerdir. Artık siyasal
partilere de Türkiye özelinde düşen parti programı ve seçim bildirgelerini
Neo-liberal İktisat çerçevesinde uyarlamaktır. Çalışmanın konusu bu doğrultuda
Türkiye’de siyasal partilerin benzeşen ve farklılaşan yönleri ile sağlık
politikalarını değerlendirmektir.
The Influence of Pressure-Swing Conditioning Pre-Treatment of Cattle Manure on Methane Production
Authors: Schumacher Britt , Zerback Timo , Wedwitschka Harald , Weinrich Sören , Hofmann Josephine , Nelles Michael
Published: January 2020

Cattle manure is an agricultural residue, which could be used as source to produce methane in order to substitute fossil fuels. Nevertheless, in practice the handling of this slowly degradable substrate during anaerobic digestion is challenging. In this study, the influence of the pre-treatment of cattle manure with pressure-swing conditioning (PSC) on the methane production was investigated. Six variants of PSC (combinations of duration 5 min, 30 min, 60 min and temperature 160 °C, 190 °C) were examined with regards to methane yield in batch tests. PSC of cattle manure showed a significant increase up to 109% in the methane yield compared to the untreated sample. Kinetic calculations proved also an enhancement of the degradation speed. One PSC-variant (190 °C/30 min) and untreated cattle manure were chosen for comparative fermentation tests in continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) in lab-scale with duplicates. In the continuous test a biogas production of 428 mL/g volatile solids (VS) (54.2% methane) for untreated manure was observed and of 456 mL/g VS (53.7% methane) for PSC-cattle-manure (190 °C/30 min). Significant tests were conducted for methane yields of all fermentation tests. Furthermore, other parameters such as furfural were investigated and discussed.
MicroRNAs and Metastasis
Authors: Solé Carla , Lawrie Charles H.
Published: January 2020

Metastasis, the development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from the primary site of a cancer, is associated with almost 90% of all cancer deaths, and half of all cancer patients present with some form of metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Consequently, there is a clear clinical need for a better understanding of metastasis. The role of miRNAs in the metastatic process is beginning to be explored. However, much is still to be understood. In this review, we present the accumulating evidence for the importance of miRNAs in metastasis as key regulators of this hallmark of cancer.
Molecular Determinants of Cancer Therapy Resistance to HDAC Inhibitor-Induced Autophagy
Authors: Mrakovcic Maria , Fröhlich Leopold F.
Published: January 2020

Histone deacetylation inhibitors (HDACi) offer high potential for future cancer therapy as they can re-establish the expression of epigenetically silenced cell death programs. HDACi-induced autophagy offers the possibility to counteract the frequently present apoptosis-resistance as well as stress conditions of cancer cells. Opposed to the function of apoptosis and necrosis however, autophagy activated in cancer cells can engage in a tumor-suppressive or tumor-promoting manner depending on mostly unclarified factors. As a physiological adaption to apoptosis resistance in early phases of tumorigenesis, autophagy seems to resume a tumorsuppressive role that confines tumor necrosis and inflammation or even induces cell death in malignant cells. During later stages of tumor development, chemotherapeutic drug-induced autophagy seems to be reprogrammed by the cancer cell to prevent its elimination and support tumor progression. Consistently, HDACi-mediated activation of autophagy seems to exert a protective function that prevents the induction of apoptotic or necrotic cell death in cancer cells. Thus, resistance to HDACi-induced cell death is often encountered in various types of cancer as well. The current review highlights the different mechanisms of HDACi-elicited autophagy and corresponding possible molecular determinants of therapeutic resistance in cancer.
Targeting the Sphingolipid System as a Therapeutic Direction for Glioblastoma
Authors: Tea Melinda N. , Poonnoose Santosh I. , Pitson Stuart M.
Published: January 2020

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant brain tumor in adults. The prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor and largely unchanged over the last 30 years, due to the limitations of existing therapies. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are desperately required. Sphingolipids are highly enriched in the brain, forming the structural components of cell membranes, and are major lipid constituents of the myelin sheaths of nerve axons, as well as playing critical roles in cell signaling. Indeed, a number of sphingolipids elicit a variety of cellular responses involved in the development and progression of GBM. Here, we discuss the role of sphingolipids in the pathobiology of GBM, and how targeting sphingolipid metabolism has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of GBM.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy as a Cancer Screening and Diagnostic Tool: A Review and Prospects
Authors: Su Kar-Yan , Lee Wai-Leng
Published: January 2020

Infrared spectroscopy has long been used to characterize chemical compounds, but the applicability of this technique to the analysis of biological materials containing highly complex chemical components is arguable. However, recent advances in the development of infrared spectroscopy have significantly enhanced the capacity of this technique in analyzing various types of biological specimens. Consequently, there is an increased number of studies investigating the application of infrared spectroscopy in screening and diagnosis of various diseases. The lack of highly sensitive and specific methods for early detection of cancer has warranted the search for novel approaches. Being more simple, rapid, accurate, inexpensive, non-destructive and suitable for automation compared to existing screening, diagnosis, management and monitoring methods, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy can potentially improve clinical decision-making and patient outcomes by detecting biochemical changes in cancer patients at the molecular level. Besides the commonly analyzed blood and tissue samples, extracellular vesicle-based method has been gaining popularity as a non-invasive approach. Therefore, infrared spectroscopic analysis of extracellular vesicles could be a useful technique in the future for biomedical applications. In this review, we discuss the potential clinical applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis using various types of biological materials for cancer. Additionally, the rationale and advantages of using extracellular vesicles in the spectroscopic analysis for cancer diagnostics are discussed. Furthermore, we highlight the challenges and future directions of clinical translation of the technique for cancer.