bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACGME Milestones in the Real World: A Qualitative Study Exploring Response Process Evidence
Authors: Maranich Ashley M. , Hemmer Paul A. , Uijtdehaage Sebastian , Battista Alexis
Published: April 2022

Background

Since the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) introduced the Milestones in 2013, the body of validity evidence supporting their use has grown, but there is a gap with regard to response process.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to qualitatively explore validity evidence pertaining to the response process of individual Clinical Competency Committee (CCC) members when assigning Milestone ratings to a resident.

Methods

Using a constructivist paradigm, we conducted a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 8 Transitional Year (TY) CCC members from 4 programs immediately following a CCC meeting between November and December 2020. Participants were queried about their response process in their application of Milestone assessment. Analysis was iterative, including coding, constant comparison, and theming.

Results

Participant interviews identified an absence of formal training and a perception that Milestones are a tool for resident assessment without recognizing their role in program evaluation. In describing their thought process, participants reported comparing averaged assessment data to peers and time in training to generate Milestone ratings. Meaningful narrative comments, when available, differentiated resident performance from peers. When assessment data were absent, participants assumed an average performance.

Conclusions

Our study found that the response process used by TY CCC members was not always consistent with the dual purpose of the Milestones to improve educational outcomes at the levels of residents and the program.
A Systematic Review of Pain Management Education in Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Malik Zayir , Ahn James , Thompson Kathryn , Palma Alejandro
Published: April 2022

Background

Despite the importance of pain management across specialties and the effect of poor management on patients, many physicians are uncomfortable managing pain. This may be related, in part, to deficits in graduate medical education (GME).

Objective

We sought to evaluate the methodological rigor of and summarize findings from literature on GME interventions targeting acute and chronic non-cancer pain management.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review by searching PubMed, MedEdPORTAL, and ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) to identify studies published before March 2019 that had a focus on non-cancer pain management, majority of GME learners, defined educational intervention, and reported outcome. Quality of design was assessed with the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale–Education (NOS-E). One author summarized educational foci and methods.

Results

The original search yielded 6149 studies; 26 met inclusion criteria. Mean MERSQI score was 11.6 (SD 2.29) of a maximum 18; mean NOS-E score was 2.60 (SD 1.22) out of 6. Most studies employed a single group, pretest-posttest design (n=16, 64%). Outcomes varied: 6 (24%) evaluated reactions (Kirkpatrick level 1), 12 (48%) evaluated learner knowledge (level 2), 5 (20%) evaluated behavior (level 3), and 2 (8%) evaluated patient outcomes (level 4). Interventions commonly focused on chronic pain (n=18, 69%) and employed traditional lectures (n=16, 62%) and case-based learning (n=14, 54%).

Conclusions

Pain management education research in GME largely evaluated chronic pain management interventions by assessing learner reactions or knowledge at single sites.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Milestones: Creation of a Tool to Evaluate Graduate Medical Education Programs
Authors: Ravenna Paul A. , Wheat Santina , El Rayess Fadya , McCrea Leon , Martonffy A. Ildiko , Marshall Cara , Tepperberg Suki , Friedman Rachel S.C. , Barr Wendy B.
Published: April 2022

Background

As the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) began to ask programs to report their efforts surrounding diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), program directors felt ill prepared to evaluate their programs and measure change.

Objective

To develop a tool that would allow graduate medical education (GME) programs to evaluate the current state of DEI within their residencies, identify areas of need, and track progress; to evaluate feasibility of using this assessment method within family medicine training programs; and to analyze and report pilot data from implementation of these milestones within family medicine residency programs.

Methods

The Association of Family Medicine Residency Directors (AFMRD) Diversity and Health Equity (DHE) Task Force developed a tool for program DEI evaluation modeled after the ACGME Milestones. These milestones focus on DEI assessment in 5 key domains: Institution, Curriculum, Evaluation, Resident Personnel, and Faculty Personnel. After finalizing a draft, a pilot implementation of the milestones was conducted by a convenience sample of 10 AFMRD DHE Task Force members for their own programs.

Results

Scores varied widely across surveyed programs for all milestones. Highest average scores were seen for the Curriculum milestone (2.65) and the lowest for the Faculty Personnel milestone (2.0). Milestone assessments were completed within 10 to 40 minutes using various methods.

Conclusions

The AFMRD DEI Milestones were developed for program assessment, goal setting, and tracking of progress related to DEI within residency programs. The pilot implementation showed these milestones were easily used by family medicine faculty members in diverse settings.
Internal Medicine Residency Program Director Support and Burnout During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a National Survey
Authors: O'Connor Alec B. , Catalanotti Jillian S. , Desai Sanjay V. , Zetkulic MaryGrace , Kisielewski Michael , Willett Lisa L. , Zaas Aimee K.
Published: April 2022

Background

Burnout is common among physicians and physician leaders, including residency program directors (PDs). The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and other stressors in 2020 on PDs is unknown.

Objective

To measure the prevalence of burnout among internal medicine (IM) residency PDs 6 months into the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A total of 429 IM PDs, representing 83% of accredited residency programs, were surveyed from August to December 2020. Burnout, using a 2-item screening tool, and self-reported consideration of resigning in 2020, were compared to their annual prevalence since 2012 and tested for possible associations with pandemic stressors and program characteristics.

Results

The survey response rate was 61.5% (264 of 429). One-third (33.6%, 87 of 259) of PD respondents met burnout criteria, and 45.1% (110 of 244) reported considering resigning in the past year, which were within the range of preceding years. PDs who reported feeling highly supported by institutional leadership were less likely to meet burnout criteria and to have considered resigning. There were no associations between burnout or consideration of resigning and the amount of clinical time PDs spent in their roles, duration of maximum stress on programs, budget cuts to programs, or geographic region.

Conclusions

The prevalence of burnout among PDs in fall 2020 was similar to the prevalence of burnout in pre-pandemic years despite uniquely extreme stressors. PDs' perception of being highly supported by institutional leadership was associated with lower prevalence of burnout and consideration of resigning. Perceived leadership support may be a protective factor against burnout during periods of high stress.
Alcohol consumption epidemic and its complications during the COVID-19 pandemic in Khuzestan Province, Iran; 2020
Authors: Mohtasham Neda , Jamshidi Farkhondeh , Dastoorpoor Maryam , Khodadadi Narges , Rahmani Ali Hassan
Published: April 2022

Background: After unprecedented demand for ethanol in the pandemic, profiteers used methanol for making illegal alcoholic drink. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study investigated the effects of methanol poisoning on 400 patients who referred to hospitals affiliated with Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences from March 20 to September 20, 2020. Results: Ninety-eight-point five percent of patients had consumed alcohol for social reasons and only 0.3% had used it as a measure to avoid COVID-19. Eighty-seven percent of the patients used homemade alcohol bought from peddlers. The most common clinical symptom was gastrointestinal disorders (64.8%) and the most common complications were vision problems (12.3%). Ten-point-six percent (42 patients) of the patients died. The most important factors affecting mortality risk were dyspnea, neuropathic problems, abnormal radiological findings, dialysis, abnormal blood pressure, vision problems and dizziness. Conclusions: Informing the public about the risks of using homemade alcoholic beverages is essential if the associated disability and mortality has to be avoided.
Problemy psychiczne po śmierci osoby bliskiej jako przedmiot ekspertyzy sądowej
Authors: Cynkier Przemysław
Published: April 2022

Wśród różnych form przeżywania śmierci osoby bliskiej wymienia się żałobę, jej powikłaną postać a także współwystępujące z nią zaburzenia psychiczne (najczęściej zespoły lękowe, depresja, uzależnienie od substancji psychoaktywnych, zespół stresu pourazowego). Omówiono przypadek, w którym rodzice wystąpili do sądu o odszkodowanie i zadośćuczynienie za śmierć syna, który zginął na skutek obrażeń doznanych w wypadku drogowym. U powoda po śmierci syna wystąpiła reakcja żałoby, a u powódki stan żałoby powikłanej, z którym współwystępowały objawy depresyjne. Odmienne obrazy kliniczne u każdego z powodów były uwarunkowane innymi cechami osobowości, odmiennymi modelami radzenia sobie w sytuacjach trudnych, a także schorzeniami somatycznymi. Doprowadziło to do różnych implikacji orzeczniczych u każdego z badanych. W sprawach odszkodowawczych (śmierć osób bliskich) konieczna jest diagnostyka różnicowa pomiędzy żałobą, jej powikłaną formą a zaburzeniami o charakterze reaktywnym i endogennym. Przydatna jest w tym ocena psychologiczna predyspozycji osobowościowych a także mechanizmów radzenia sobie w sytuacjach obciążających. Niekorzystanie z leczenia psychiatrycznego lub terapii psychologicznej nie może przesądzać o braku zaburzeń psychicznych. W tego rodzaju sprawach opiniowanie wymaga szczególnej ostrożności i wyważonych ocen. Należy unikać nadmiernej medykalizacji przeżyć po stracie osoby bliskiej, ale nie można też traktować stanów psychopatologicznych jedynie w kategoriach fizjologicznej reakcji na śmierć bliskiego.
Wdrażanie założeń zrównoważonego rozwoju w praktyce działań polskich teatrów
Authors: Pawlicka Kama
Published: April 2022

Implementation of the Principles of Sustainable Development in the Practice of Polish Theaters

The aim of the paper is to present how Polish theatres implement the principles of sustainable development in practice in their day-to-day operations. The background for the considerations involves the evolution of the approach to sustainable development observed from the perspective of international documents discussing this concept. The author’s own empirical research consisted of the preliminary survey of the information available on the websites and social media of selected Polish theatres and the questionnaire sent to the theatres in the first half of 2021. The research has made it possible to distinguish four main types of activities undertaken in this respect by the theatres: 1) the content of performances and other artistic endeavours; 2) the day-to-day functioning of the institution; 3) the theatre building and its surroundings, and 4) co-creation and participation in broader initiatives for sustainable development. The questionnaire results indicate that the dynamics of activities in this domain has nothing to do with the size of the urban area in which a given theatre operates, but it is more associated with the fact that the theatres align themselves with the environmental policy of their local governments, and with the possibility of obtaining funds for such initiatives. Furthermore, and perhaps above all, it depends on the theatre’s strategy determining how it operates in the local milieu. Building upgrades involve savings and help theatres build an image of an environmentally-friendly organisation.
A co, jeśli Forest Green Rovers pozielenieją? Wdrażanie strategii zrównoważonego rozwoju przez klub piłkarski
Authors: Podniesiński Jan
Published: April 2022

And What if Forest Green Rovers Go Green? An Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy by a Football Club

Sport and sports organisations are often some of the most important aspects of local culture and identity. As in the case of cultural institutions, recent years have seen numerous interesting initiatives for sustainable development undertaken by athletes and sports clubs. The paper explores the implementation and social reception of the sustainable development strategy adopted in 2010 by the professional football club called Forest Green Rovers FC in Great Britain. Using the method of content analysis, the author attempts to analyse the critical reflection on the strategy presented in the national opinion-forming press and to show how the club’s environmentally-friendly actions are perceived by the community of its fans.
19.YY’DA DOĞU VE GÜNEYDOĞU ANADOLU’DA AŞİRET GÜÇLERİ: HAMİDİYE ALAYLARI
Authors: ŞANDA Mehmet Nuri
Published: April 2022

Bu araştırmada, 1890 yılında temelleri atılan ve 1891 yılında da Doğu Anadolu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgelerinde on üç aşiretin katımlıyla kurulan Hamidiye Hafif Süvari Alaylarına değinilmektedir. Bu konu ile ilgili daha önce bazı tez çalışmaları ve makaleler yazılmış olsa da yapılan bu çalışmalarda önemli bazı arşiv belgelerinin kullanılmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Araştırmada ele alınan konular bölümler halinde açıklanmaktadır. Makalenin giriş bölümünde Hamidiye Hafif Süvari Alaylarının kurulma nedenlerine kısaca değinilmektedir. Birinci bölümünde 1891 yılında yapılan düzenlemeler ve sonrasında meydana gelen gelişmeler hakkında bilgilere yer verilmektedir. Ayrıca Erzurum, Van, Diyarbakır, Bitlis, Musul ve Sivas’ta Hamidiye Hafif Süvari Alaylarına dâhil olan aşiretlerin nüfusları, nerelerde yaşadıkları ve kaç alay teşkil ettikleri arşiv belgeleri ışığında belirtilmektedir. İkinci bölümde ise 1896 yılında yapılan Hamidiye Alayı düzenlemesi ve sonrasındaki gelişmelere değinilmektedir.

Bu araştırmada Cumhurbaşkanlığı Osmanlı Arşiv Belgeleri, araştırma-inceleme eserler, tez ve makalelerden yararlanılmıştır. Tarafımızca tespit edilen ve transkripsiyonu yapılarak değerlendirilen arşiv belgelerinin alana katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Calidad de viviendas de interés social en caña guadua aplicados en el sitio Membrillal del cantón Jipijapa
Authors: Loor-Reyes Marcia Ketherine , Véliz-Parraga José Fabian
Published: April 2022

Teniendo en cuenta los actuales proyectos de vivienda social, resulta factible afirmar que el proceso habitacional prioriza los métodos cuantitativos (cantidad de viviendas construidas) en la producción de vivienda social, poniendo en segundo plano los aspectos de calidad, dado que la vivienda debe garantizar condiciones de confort en cuanto a las necesidades humanas en el ámbito de salud, espaciamiento y seguridad en las condiciones de su entorno. En este sentido, se ha reflejado la importancia de mejorar la calidad de vida en los sectores más vulnerables, lo cual se ha convertido en un objetivo claro, porque la calidad de los productos que brinda los planes habitacionales presenta carencias y no satisfacen las necesidades de la población. Basado en una encuesta destinada a desarrollar un enfoque integral de la calidad de la vivienda, este artículo primero presenta brevemente el enfoque habitacional implementado en el país. Luego, explicar la definición del marco conceptual y las recomendaciones de métodos para la calidad residencial, y con base en el análisis de los resultados de la investigación, transformarlos en recomendaciones de diseño y regulaciones mejoradas.

Palabras clave: Calidad de viviendas, interés social, caña guadua.
Design of a Mobile Application to Improve the Treatment of Patients with Heart Problems using Pulse Sensors with Arduino
Authors:   Universidad María Auxiliadora & Av. Canto Bello 431, San Juan de Lurigancho, Peru, Siguas Rosa Perez , Solis Hernan Matta , Solis Eduardo Matta
Published: April 2022

Abstract— Currently, all citizens can suffer a heart attack, whether you are young or an adult, because it happens suddenly and as we know it is a fatal emergency that can happen anywhere, with one of the consequences being loss of consciousness. In addition, in order to prevent it, you need better control with doctors, but as we know, a heart attack can happen to us on any day and at any time. For this reason, a mobile application was designed to help prevent people suffering from heart problems and have a better follow-up of the check-ups and daily activities that they carry out. In addition, as the pulse sensor used with Arduino is connected to the application via Bluetooth, it will be able to alert trusted people that you are in danger and will also send a message to the nearest hospital. In this work, the Scrum methodology was used for the development and the Balsamiq tool for the design of the prototype. The results obtained from the research will be to prevent heart attack and have greater security where you are. Keywords— Problemas Cardiacos; Scrum; Balsamiq; Prototipos; Aplicaciones móviles; Arduino
Application of Continuous Improvement Tools to Welding Processes: Case of ENGTP
Authors:   Department of Transport Engineering, Faculty of Technology Sciences, University Constantine-1, Algeria, Hafida Kahoul , Ramdane Bouzerara , Rachid Chaib
Published: April 2022

- Continuous improvement is one of the principles of quality management in business. It is a strong and essential act of management that aims to optimize the overall performance of the company to bring about lasting and permanent positive change. Thus, and to be responsive, a company that encounters a dysfunction must efficiently find a solution. Any company engaged in a process of continuous improvement must use improvement and communication tools among these tools we can cite the Ishikawa diagram, it is an excellent communication tool the latter facilitates obtaining an inventory of real causes that explain a situation that is often hidden behind more apparent causes. Various defects can occur during the processes, although post-processing techniques are not suitable to mitigate or eliminate them. Understanding the defects and their causes represents the first step in designing process monitoring and control tools, once the defects are reviewed and their main causes are identified, this allows the company to prioritize the efforts to resolve the problems and engage in a process of continuous improvement by implementing an action plan that meets the company’s expectations or even engages in a continuous improvement process. Thus with very simple tools, the company will be able to experience a sustainable dynamic. Thus with very simple tools, the company will be able to experience a sustainable dynamic and quality tools bring a real benefit around business continuity plans, feedback, etc. Keywords- Ishikawa diagram, management, continuous improvement, process, tool
Konzeption und Durchführung der UWE-Befragung 2019/ZEFIR-Materialien Bd. 17
Authors: Schwabe Katharina , Albrecht Michaela , Stefes Till , Petermann Sören
Published: April 2022

Die UWE-Befragung (Umwelt – Entwicklung – Wohlbefinden) unterstützt das gesellschaftspolitische Ziel, Kindern und Jugendlichen möglichst gute Entwicklungschancen zu bieten – und zwar unabhängig davon, wer ihre Eltern sind, wie die soziale Lage ihrer Familien ist, welche Bildungseinrichtungen sie besuchen und wo sie wohnen. Dieser Methodenbericht beschreibt die Konzeption und Durchführung der UWE-Befragung 2019. Er ergänzt maßgeblich den über GESIS Institut für sozialwissenschaften verfügbaren Datensatz der Befragung und bietet über das Fragenprogramm und die Variablenübersicht einen Zugang zu den Informationen des Datensatzes. Die Daten sind bei GESIS (gesis.org) nach vorheriger Registrierung frei verfügbar.
Verwaltung besser machen/ZEFIR-Materialien Bd. 19: Vorschläge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis
Authors: Bogumil Jörg , Gerber Sascha , Vogel Hans-Josef
Published: April 2022

Wozu brauchen wir eine Modernisierung der öffentlichen Verwaltung? Um gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen zu bearbeiten, werden nicht nur kluge politische Programme, sondern auch eine entsprechende Umsetzung von Maßnahmen benötigt, was häufig zu wenig beachtet wird. Nach den Krisenerfahrungen der letzten Jahre werden in diesem Band der ZEFIR-Materialien die aktuell wichtigsten Fragen der Verwaltungsmodernisierung mit Bezug auf NRW, aber auch mit Bezug auf andere Landesverwaltungen und die Bundesverwaltung, praxisorientiert dargestellt. Die Veröffentlichung richtet sich einerseits an die Wissenschaft, aber zugleich auch an Entscheidungsträger in Politik und Verwaltung, die sich mit den aktuellen Herausforderungen im Bereich besserer Regulierung, der Beschleunigung von Planungsfeststellungs- und Genehmigungsverfahren, der Digitalisierung der öffentlichen Verwaltung, der Fördermittelvergabe oder aktueller Herausforderungen der Personalpolitik beschäftigten.
Usages pratiques, traditions formelles, et injonctions de la mode : Chaussures et bottes en Espagne au Moyen Âge
Authors: COUSSEMACKER Sophie
Published: April 2022

Les chaussures médiévales, en péninsule Ibérique comme ailleurs, répondent avant tout à des préoccupations pratiques, qu’il s’agisse de marcher et de monter à cheval. Les formes restent donc longtemps très traditionnelles, entre sandales ou espadrilles maintenues sur le pied par des lanières, dans les milieux monastiques et populaires, et bottines basses ne remontant pas au-delà de la cheville. La pratique de la monte équestre, dans les milieux aristocratiques, fait émerger des bottes plus montantes, parfois jusqu’au genou, notamment les borceguíes caractérisés par leur étroitesse, collant à la jambe. Ces bottes de cuir très fin nécessitent pour sortir de porter des socques en bois ou en liège, au moins jusqu’au moment où le cavalier enfourche sa monture, patins qui peuvent aussi servir de chaussons d’intérieur (chapines). En revanche, même si quelques modèles conservés, et retables et enluminures montrent parfois des bouts plus pointus et allongés, la péninsule Ibérique semble avoir échappé à l’extravagante mode des pigaches (XIIe siècle) puis des poulaines (XIVe et XVe siècles).
La nivola a-t-elle participé à la révolution littéraire du XXe siècle espagnol ? Le cas d’Augusto Pérez
Authors: SÁNCHEZ DE LAS CUEVAS Lidia
Published: April 2022

Cet article vise à examiner le concept de « révolution » dans le contexte littéraire du début du XXe siècle en Espagne par référence à Augusto Pérez, personnage littéraire créé par Miguel de Unamuno. Pour ce faire, nous analyserons sa présence dans le roman Niebla, mais aussi dans d’autres écrits dans lesquels il réapparaît, comme « Una entrevista con Augusto Pérez » ou « Vida, guerra, alma de ideas ». Unamuno participe à la révolution littéraire du XXe siècle par la révolution lyrique qu’il opère, qui consiste à substituer au concept de réalité mimétique celui de réalité intime, concept d’après lequel différents Unamunos composant sa conscience se déploient dans le même espace, qui est le rêve. Le personnage d’Augusto Pérez est l’un des principaux outils dont se sert Unamuno pour révolutionner la littérature de son époque.
Sign Language Detection System
Authors: Pallavi Chaudhari Pallavi Chaudhari , Pranay Pathrabe Pranay Pathrabe , Umang Ghatbandhe Umang Ghatbandhe , Sangita Mondal Sangita Mondal , Sejal Parmar Sejal Parmar
Published: April 2022

Sign language is a system for communication using
visual gestures and signs for deaf and dumb people. This
language is especially used by people who can’t speak or hear.
Sign language is oldest and natural form of language for
communication, since most of the people are not aware of sign
language, hence it is tedious to understand, for solving this
problem we have built a real time method using convolution
neural networks (CNN) for hand-based gestures to detect sign
language. In our CNN model, first the hand is passed through
a filter and then the filter is applied. Finally, the hand is
passed through a classifier which predicts the class of the
hand gestures. Our model provides 98% accuracy for the
alphabet A-Z letters. On the other hand, the most common
hurdle deaf and dumb come across is communication with
the normal people and with the fact i.e., each and every
normal person doesn't know the sign language. Another main
feature of the project is to create a communication system for
the deaf people. The functionality of these part of the system is
to translate audio message to the corresponding sign language.
This part of the system takes the audio message as input, and
converts the audio recorded message into the respective sign
image and videos and displays the relevant American sign
language or GIFs which we have already defined. With the aid
of this part of the system, communication between normal and
deaf people gets feasible. Overall, the main idea of the project
is to make a system which can help deaf and dumb to interact
with normal people.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON MALAYSIAN DRY BULK BUSINESS
Authors: Tharishini Krishnan , Capt. Kunal U, N.
Published: April 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, international cross-border restrictions were implemented worldwide. In Malaysia, it was anticipated that the Movement Control Order (MCO) would negatively impact the maritime business as badly as it would on most other economic activities in the country. However, the lockdown in Malaysia, which aimed to “restrict movement”, “reduce contact” and further “isolate the virus”, did not impact maritime business as much as other industries. In fact, the maritime waterways remained the main artery to transport essential goods nationwide during the pandemic. This paper analyses the impact of the pandemic on the maritime business in Malaysia by studying the commercial and technical aspects. Primarily, the paper focuses on dry bulk trade, container business, port infrastructure, and parties involved in the maritime supply chains. It finds that the impact of the pandemic was minimal, and certainly not as prominent as anticipated; in fact, the Baltic Dry index touched a new high during this period. This paper uses secondary data and draws on the analyses of the Baltic Dry Index, Platts Report by S&P, and Review of Maritime Transport by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. The paper is divided into three sections: The changes in selected maritime sectors before and during the pandemic, the factors affecting dry bulk market growth in Malaysia, and the lessons learnt and corresponding recommendations to improve Malaysian maritime business post-pandemic.
Obligacionopravno dejstvo ugovora o franšizi
Authors:   Institute of Comparative Law in Belgrade, Čović Ana , Nikolić Oliver , Petrović Aleksandra Daria
Published: April 2022

The franchise agreement is derived from the franchise business agreed by the parties concerned, the franchisor and the franchisee. It belongs to unnamed contracts because the law does not recognize it as a statutory contract of obligation or business law and must rest on the principles of contract law, so there must be agreement of the will of the contracting parties without any deficiencies in compliance with legal regulations. A franchise agreement is a mixed contract in nature, because it also contains elements of other contracts. International and national regulations in this area influence the strengthening of intellectual property rights and franchise activities, thus accelerating global innovation capacity, improving technical and technological development and regulating and improving the market. The subject of this paper is the legal relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee, the content of their mutual rights and obligations, and the origin and importance of the franchise agreement.
Investicioni portfolio mortgage reits
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Labudović Stanković Jasmina
Published: April 2022

The mortgage REITs portfolio consists of mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities. In this paper we present their specificities. We also draw attention to the controversy surrounding the possible substitutability of mortgage REITs and equity REITs portfolios. We point out the importance of the state's role in the mortgage market. Mortgage REITs, once very popular, have survived the 2007-2008 financial crisis, much harder than equity REITs. This was the reason why the author decided to present the features of the mortgage REITs investment portfolio (mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities).
Pengaruh Ukuran Serbuk dan Kekerasan Kayu terhadap Kualitas Syngas Dari Pirolisis Biomassa
Authors: Darmansyah Darmansyah , Khalid Anhar , Kasim Muhammad , Suprianto Teguh
Published: April 2022

Pirolisis-gasifikasi biomassa untuk menghasilkan syngas dengan kandungan hydrogen telah dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran serbuk dan kekerasan kayu terhadap kualitas syngas yang dihasilkan ditinjau dari konsentrasi gas hidrogen yang dihasilkan. Serbuk kayu yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kayu jati, kayu kelapa dan kayu nangka dengan tingkat kekerasan jati > kelapa > nangka. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen yaitu pirolisis dengan menggunakan reaktor jenis fixed bed. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serbuk kayu dengan ukuran lebih kecil menghasilkan kualitas syngas yang lebih baik dengan konsentrasi gas hidrogen yang lebih tinggi 2057 ppm dibandingkan dengan ketika menggunakan serbuk kasar sebesar 1972 ppm. Kekerasan kayu mempengaruhi proses dekomposisi dan konsentrasi hidrogen yang dihasilkan. Semakin keras kayu semakin rendah kualitas syngas yang dihasilkan. Kayu jati dengan kekerasan tertinggi menghasilkan syngas dengan konsentrasi hidrogen sebesar 1931 ppm sedangkan kayu nangka dengan kekerasan terendah menghasilkan syngas dengan konsentrasi hidrogen hingga 2898 ppm.
Conference report: The Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive: joy or sadness at the 20th birthday?
Authors: Anapyanova Alina
Published: April 2022

This paper is a report on the online webinar “The Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Directive: joy or sadness at the 20th birthday” that took place on 15th of June 2021 as part of an elni webinar series. The main speakers were Prof Martin Führ (Professor at the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences) and Prof Jerzy Jendrośka (Professor at the Opole University). The report contains a brief summary of a study on the practice of the SEA Directive in Germany presented by Prof Führ, followed by Prof Jendrośka’s presentation on the Directive in the European context and future policy developments. The overall findings from the discussions are focusing on the importance of the scoping and guidance documents, the role and difficulties of the local authorities in the SEA implementation process and a potential conflict with the European jurisprudence.
Conference report: Protection of groundwater under the Water Framework Directive: Member States Obligations and recent judgements
Authors: Anapyanova Alina , Ormond Thomas
Published: April 2022

This paper is a report on the online webinar “Protection of groundwater under the Water Framework Directive (WFD): Member States Obligations and recent judgements” that took place on 9th November 2021 as part of an elni webinar. The two speakers were Christoph Sobotta (Legal Secretary at CJEU) and Prof Marleen van Rijswick (Utrecht University). The webinar addressed the protection of groundwater under the WFD and the challenges observed at the Member States level. This report summarises Christoph Sobbota’s presentation on several water-related cases and Prof Ryswick’s presentation on the implementation of EU law in the Member States as illustrated by the protection of groundwater in the Netherlands. Main findings include that negative impact on the environment will still happen and that instead of focusing on a single project a broader approach should be applied.
Book review: Environmental principles
Authors: Roller Gerhard
Published: April 2022

This contribution is a review of the second edition of Nicolas de Sadeleer’s book “Environmental principles – From Political Slogans to Legal Rules”, being released in 2020. In his book, Nicolas de Sadeleer analyses the polluter-pays-, the prevention and the precautionary principles, with the latter being the most interesting and controversial one according to the author of this review. He stresses that de Sadeleer’s book is very useful for any environmental lawyer.
Average Correction of Cobb’s Angle in Congenital Scoliosis Using Growing Rode as a Mode of Correction
Authors:   Sandhu Foundation University Islamabad, Javaid Dr. Umar
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Scoliosis with rotational imbalance is mainly characterized by the vertebral rotation related to the curve in the coronal plan. Aims and objectives: The basic aim of the study is to assess the average correction of Cobb’s angle in congenital scoliosis using growing rode as a mode of correction. Material and methods: This descriptive study was conducted in DHQ hospital Sargodha during 2019 to 2021 for the period of two years. The data was collected with the permission of ethical committee of hospital. The data was collected from 12 patients from age range 4-12 years. Among that 12 patients there were 7 male and 5 female patients. We carried out a convenience sampling, including all scoliosis patients who received surgical treatment with elongating rods in the period studied, and excluded all patients diagnosed with syndromic scoliosis, and with incomplete records in their clinical history. Results: There were 12 patients of scoliosis under 10 were reviewed. Of these, 35 (5%) required surgical treatment with growing rods and met the selection criteria. The presurgical and postsurgical radiographic change showed a 47.7% reduction in the Cobb angle (31.8° ± 14.6° difference), which was statistically significant (p<0.001; t-student). During the study period, 8 patients showed some procedure-related complication; another 2 patients (22.9%) showed instrumentation failures, and 2 cases (5.7%) showed infection in the operated area which, it should be noted, was associated with instrumentation failure. Univariate analysis was performed to define which variables could be potential predictor factors of complications in our patient sample. Conclusion: Treatment of scoliosis in patients under age 10 with growing rods has achieved a significant reduction in the magnitude of the deformity before final bone fusion.
Functional Classification versus Ejection Fraction in Patients with Heart Failure and Chagas Disease
Authors:   Federal University of Bahia, Gonçalves Santana Joseylton , Gordilho Aras Marcela ,   Federal University of Bahia, Nascimento Luca ,   Federal University of Bahia, Aras Júnior Roque ,   Federal University of Bahia
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Chagas disease, an infection caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important health problem worldwide that causes cardiac dilation, arrhythmias, and death. Heart failure is a complex syndrome with high morbidity and mortality rates that progresses with similar complications. The New York Heart Association functional classification is used to categorize heart failure severity and stratify heart disease risks and therapies. A reduced left ventricular ejection fraction measured by echocardiography is directly related to a poor prognosis. Objective: To compare the relationship between New York Heart Association functional classification and left ventricular ejection fraction in Chagas versus no Chagas disease outpatients. Methods: Cross-sectional study in a cohort of patients followed at a heart failure clinic. Medical records, clinical interviews, functional classification, and left ventricular ejection fraction by echocardiography were analyzed. The data were filed in a database and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: A total of 127 patients with heart failure were selected from August 2018 to July 2019. Of them, 34 (26.8%) had Chagas disease and 93 (73.3%) had no Chagas disease. There was a predominance of men (53.5%) and patients aged > 60 years (61.4%). There was also a predominance of functional class II. Of the Chagas and no Chagas disease patients, 71% versus 93% had a reduced ejection fraction, 21% versus 6% had a mid-range ejection fraction, and 8% versus 1% had a preserved ejection fraction, respectively. Conclusion: There was an association between advanced functional class and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, especially in Chagas patients, information that can be used for outpatient follow-up.
Marketing Approach in Non-Manufactured Somali Product
Authors: Faaiso Timiro , Sareeya Shacni
Published: April 2022

This study intends to create and assess market-driven value chain management solutions by using a comprehensive marketing strategy to identify the primary bottlenecks and opportunities in the cattle value chain. The effectiveness of these measures will be determined. Additionally, ideas for changing the non-manufactured stock value chain and strengthening quality control are reviewed in order to enhance the cluster's overall performance. Infrastructure development for non-manufactured commodities has a variety of objectives, including enhancing post-harvest processing facilities, meeting quality criteria, and boosting the non-manufactured stock trading system's competitiveness
Applications Of Taguchi Experimental Design Method In The Field Of Textile
Authors: OĞUZ Naciye Sündüz , AKARSLAN Feyza
Published: April 2022

Taguchi experimental design method is widely used in engineering field. Experiments are carried out in order to obtain the optimum values of the product designed or produced in the field of engineering. It is difficult to make the experiments because of the large number of parameters in the studies made. Therefore, with the Taguchi experimental design method, less experimentation can be done in shorter time and an accurate test strategy is being developed. Thus, saving is provided from time and cost, high quality and low cost production is achieved. In this study, information was given about Taguchi experimental design method and Taguchi applications in the field of textile.
Landscape Pest Monitoring Methods and Training Managers to Use Them
Authors: Dreistadt Steve H. , Flint Mary Louise
Published: April 2022

Monitoring is the systematic collection and recording of information on pests and damage. Scale insects and aphids, respectively, can be efficiently monitored using sticky tape traps and water sensitive paper. We describe these monitoring techniques, present examples of their use in controlling citricola scale infesting Chinese hackberry and painted maple aphid infesting silver maple, and discuss our methods of training landscape pest managers to monitor.
Insects and Diseases of the Urban Forest in the Maritimes
Authors: Magasi Laszlo
Published: April 2022

There are over 3500 insect species and over 400 diseases known to affect trees in the Maritimes. These add further stresses to trees already faced with existing environmental and urban challenges. Urban tree pests affect all parts of nearly all tree species. Insects and diseases affecting the various tree parts - foliage, shoots, twigs and branches, trunk and roots - are very briefly discussed and a few local examples are mentioned for hardwoods and conifers. Five references are cited for insect and disease identification in eastern Canada.
Susceptibility of Cultivars and Hybrids of Kousa Dogwood to Dogwood Anthracnose and Powdery Mildew
Authors: Ranney Thomas , Grand Larry , Knighten John
Published: April 2022

Twenty taxa of dogwood including cultivars of kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa) and cultivars of hybrids between flowering (Cornus florida) and kousa dogwoods were evaluated for susceptibility to dogwood anthracnose (Discula destructiva) and powdery mildew (Microsphaerapulchra). Trees were grown under the canopy of a native stand of flowering dogwood that was infected with both diseases and were also inoculated artificially with spores of D. destructiva. None of the taxa were found to be immune to dogwood anthracnose, yet there was considerable variation in resistance to the disease. Cornus kousa 'Steeple', a clone of C. kousa 'Milky Way', C. x Stardust®, C. x Stellar Pink®, and C. x Celestial™ were found to be resistant to dogwood anthracnose as indicated by < 1 % of total leaf area affected, 100% survival through the following spring, and no detection of D. destructiva in woody tissue. The C. kousa cultivars 'Wolf Eyes', 'Moonbeam', and 'Autumn Rose' and seedlings of C. florida were highly susceptible with 100% of the total leaf area affected and 100% mortality by the following spring. The other taxa were intermediate in susceptibility to D. destructiva. Only five of the taxa: C. kousa 'Elizabeth Lustgarten' and 'Steeple' and the hybrids C. x Stardust®, C. x Constellation®, and C. x Ruth Ellen® were infected by M. pulchra.
Effects of Defoliation and Antitranspirant Treatments on Transplant Response of Scarlet Oak, Green Ash and Turkish Hazelnut
Authors: Harris J. Roger , Bassuk Nina
Published: April 2022

Combinations of defoliation and Moisturin®, a film antitranspirant, were applied to recently transplanted Quercus coccinea (scarlet oak) trees in August and to Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash) and Corylus colurna (Turkish hazelnut) trees in the late summer and fall of 1992.For scarlet oak trees, survival was poorfor all treatments. Moisturin®treatments aided survival and spring shoot extension for green ash trees transplanted in late summer, but showed no effect on later dates. Defoliation was detrimental to survival of green ash trees at all transplanting dates. Root regeneration did not occur on transplanted green ash or Turkish hazelnut before spring bud break.
Susceptibility of Redbuds (Cercis) to Root-Knot Nematodes
Authors: Santamour Frank , Riedel Louise
Published: April 2022

The native eastern American redbud {Cercis canadensis) was susceptible to parasitization by the northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla), which produced galls and viable egg masses on this host. Two Chinese redbud species, C. chinensis and C. yunnanensis, were similar to C. canadensis in being susceptible to M. hapla and also apparently resistant to the reproduction of the other nematodes. Th ree other species (C. occidentalisimm western United States, C. racemosairom China, and C. siliquastrumimm Europe) were also susceptible to M. hapla as well as to M. arenaria (two races), M. incognita, and M.javanica. Jh\s is the first report of rootknot nematodes on Cercis The potential for synergism between the nematodes and Verticillium wilt fungi is discussed.
Management Considerations for the Azalea Lace Bug in Landscape Habitats
Authors: Trumbule Robert , Denno Robert , Raupp Michael
Published: April 2022

The azalea lace bug is a severe pest of ornamental azaleas throughout much of eastern North America. Reports in the literature suggest that lace bugs occur more abundantly and damage azaleas more frequently in sunny, exposed landscapes compared to more shaded plantings. By measuring the light intensity over azalea plants in four damage categories (high, moderate, low and no damage), we were able to rigorously confirm this reported pattern. The highest light intensities were recorded over azaleas incurring the most lace bug damage and the lowest light intensities were registered over plants in the low damage categories. A survey of the literature showed that although caged lace bugs perform and reproduce best on shade-grown azalea plants, uncaged lace bugs do not survive well at all in shaded habitats where they apparently suffer higher mortality from natural enemies. Invertebrate predators such as spiders are implicated in relegating lace bugs to azaleas in sunny habitats where although lace bug performance is reduced on light- and water-stressed plants, overall survival is greatest. Infestations of lace bugs may be minimized by planting azaleas in shaded landscapes with mixed vegetation that provide refuge for invertebrate predators.
Is Lateral Strength in Trees Controlled by Lateral Mechanical Stress?
Authors: Albrecht Wolfgang , Bethge Klaus , Mattheck Claus
Published: April 2022

It is shown experimentally that lateral tensile stresses perpendicular to the fiber orientation computed for three ash trees under wind loading are well correlated to lateral strength perpendicular to the grain. These measurements were done with cores taken from trees with an increment borer and broken with a fractometer. Lateral stresses can lead to delamination of wood. This danger is minimized by local distribution of strength according to lateral stresses.
Growth Regulators for Management of Fruit Production on American Sweetgum
Authors: Banko Thomas , Stefani Marcia
Published: April 2022

Arborists concerned with management of undesirable fruit on Liquidambar trees in urban areas can treat the trees at time of flowering with Florel (ethephon) f or effective reduction in fruit formation. Atrimmec (dikegulac-sodium) also reduced the number of fruit produced; however, it is not currently labeled for this use. Florel reduced fruit formation by 87.7%; Atrimmec by 57%. Trim-Cut (mefluidide) did not significantly reducefruitformation. Growth regulatortreatments may be justified in certain locations to manage production of undesirable fruit.
Use of the Fractometer to Determine the Strength of Wood with Incipient Decay
Authors: Mattheck Claus G. , Breloer Helge , Bethge Klaus A. , Albrecht Wolfgang A. , Zipse Achim W.
Published: April 2022

A fairly new method (Visual Tree Assessment on a biomechanical basis, VTA) and a handy tool for measuring wood quality in terms of strength and stiffness (the Fractometer) are presented together with a new mechanically equivalent model for wood. The paper gives help in interpreting the results gained by Fractometer measurements.
Superior Shade Tree Selections for the Southeastern United States
Authors: Williams J. David , Fare Donna C. , Gilliam Charles H. , Keever Gary J. , Ponder Harry G. , Owen John T. , Creech Greg
Published: April 2022

A 13-year study at the Auburn University Piedmont Substation has evaluated over 200 different trees. Data collected have included attrition, growth rate and ornamental characteristics. These data have provided information which nurserymen, landscapers and urban foresters use to select tree species and cultivars for residential and urban settings. Among trees showing superior performance in criteria used in the evaluation areAcer rubrumcultivars,Betula nigra‘Heritage’,Nyssa ogeche, Pistacia chinensis, Quercus prinus, Quercus lyrata, Quercus acutissima, Quercus shumardii and Taxodium distichumnutans.
Updated Checklist of Elm (Ulmus) Cultivars for use in North America
Authors: Santamour Frank S. , Bentz Susan E.
Published: April 2022

This checklist, with more than 175 entries, covers all elm cultivars introduced since 1964 and complete listings forUlmus americana, U. japonica, U. parvifolia, U. pumila, U. wilsoniana, and all cultivars of putative hybrids in which at least one parent species was native to North America. Information on potential resistance to Dutch elm disease (DED), elm yellows, and other diseases and pests is included.
Performance of two Cultivars of Red Maple from Tissue-Cultured Versus Budded Propagation
Authors: Sibley Jeff L. , Eakes D. Joseph , Gilliam Charles H. , Keever Gary J. , Dozier William A.
Published: April 2022

‘Franksred’ and ‘October Glory’ red maple (Acer rubrum) from tissue culture were compared in an existing field study to their budded counterparts to determine differences in annual growth rate, leaf morphology characteristics, leaf greenness, initiation of fall color, and gas exchange capacity. There were no differences between propagation methods for the two cultivars in height or caliper increases, fall color patterns, or gas exchange capacities.