bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HOLLOW DEFINITE OBTURATOR FOR UNILATERAL SUBTOTAL MAXILLECTOMY REHABILITATION - A CLINICAL REPORT
Authors:   Second Year MDS, Prosthodontics., I.T.S Dental College, Muradnagar. Delhi - Meerut Road, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh - 201206., Vedant Dhananjay Kulkarni , Dutta Arjita ,   Senior Lecturer in the Department of Prosthodontics., I.T.S Dental College, Muradnagar. Delhi - Meerut Road, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh â€“ 201206., Kaushik Nitin ,   Third Year MDS, Prosthodontics., I.T.S Dental College, Muradnagar. Delhi - Meerut Road, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh - 201206., Kaul Akriti ,   Third Year MDS, Prosthodontics., I.T.S Dental College, Muradnagar. Delhi - Meerut Road, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh - 201206.
Published: November 2024

Palatal defects, resulting from congenital malformations, trauma, diseases, radiation therapy, or surgical interventions like maxillectomy, pose significant functional and aesthetic challenges. These defects often lead to speech impediments, difficulties in mastication and swallowing and compromised oral hygiene. An obturator prosthesis plays a crucial role in rehabilitating these patients by restoring oronasal separation, improving speech, mastication and overall quality of life. This case report details the prosthetic rehabilitation of a 45-year-old female patient with a subtotal maxillectomy defect using a definitive hollow obturator. The transition from an interim to a definitive obturator significantly enhanced the prosthesiss retention, stability and patient comfort. The fabrication process for the hollow obturator, along with the clinical challenges and solutions, is discussed in detail. The successful outcome highlights the importance of sound prosthodontic principles and the strategic design of obturator prostheses to optimize both function and aesthetics. Future directions may include advancements in 3D printing technologies to further improve obturator fabrication and patient outcomes.
DESIGNING MOSQUEPRENUER MECHANISM BASED ON THE TIME OF THE PROPHET, KHULAFA AR-RASHIDIN, AND CONTEMPORARY IN EMPOWERING ECONOMY OFUMMAH
Authors:   Research Centre of Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, University Kebangsaan Malaysia., Bazli Md Radzi Mohamad , Edawaty Yaacob Salmy ,   Research Centre of ShariaFaculty of Islamic Studies, University Kebangsaan Malaysia., Alisa Ahmad Azlin ,   Research Centre of Sharia, Faculty of Islamic Studies, University Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Published: November 2024

The variety of roles of mosques covering various aspects such as spiritual, educational, administrative, social, and economic has been shown from the era of the Prophet PBUH until now. However, the role and function of the mosque as it wasperformed at one time is not practiced as a whole. Therefore, this article aims to highlight and analyze the history of the development of the mosque from the economic aspect beginning of the era of the Prophet PBUH until now. Through the findings obtained, this article would like to elevate and highlight the true role and function of the mosque as performed by the Prophet PBUH and Khula ar-rasyidin. The aim is for the function and role of the mosque to be placed in line with its role for the benefit of the Muslim community, especially from the economic aspect. The approach used to carry out this study is qualitative, through descriptive content analysis. Various forms of activities are based on the concept of economy can be implemented based on mosques that can have an impact on the mosque and the community.
A STUDY ON THE SHIFTING OF BUYING PREFERENCE OF THE CUSTOMER FROMBRICK-AND-MORTARSTORES TO VIRTUAL STORES
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Amity Global Business School Bhubaneswar., Mishra Ashamayee , Jena Simran ,   Student, Amity Global Business School Bhubaneswar.
Published: November 2024

The businesses are in a process of transforming their mode of transaction from the physical to the virtual one. The Pandemic has been the key component which has triggered the importance of the virtual forum and highlighted the need of digitization. Businesses willingness and pace to change their upcoming business models in order to generate long-term value has increased as a result of COVID-19. The necessity, speed, and desire for change have all unavoidably been impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak. Many trends have been accelerated by it for the already in existence and obliged organizations to think more deeply about the future.Digitalization is the trend that is increasingly gaining thrust. According to the prediction ofGartner in 2020, there would be at least one style of digital business platform for almost 90% of the existing organisations. As digital business ecosystems expand with the numbers of people, business and things that can dynamically connect, so does the need for organisations to support and enable these ecosystems. A digital platform strategy is necessary to facilitate the efficient and quick execution of ideas in the business strategy for enabling and managing these ecosystems, evolving new business models, and value chains. The platform-powered solutions can be used to uncover essential trends, insight, and innovation for their journey of transformation from brick and mortar to virtual ones.Better customer and employee engagement as well as measurable financial returns are achieved through people and technology working together and by fostering a culture of continuous change. Thus, the study is based on the understanding the need of the strategic shift of the physical business model to the digital one. Digital solutions are, of course, at the centre of any transformation strategy because technology can assist in addressing a variety of business difficulties and enabling a variety of new business models.
ACUTE MESENTERIC ISCHEMIA REVEALING A SEVERE MITRAL STENOSIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Cardiology Department University Hospital Agadir, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy Ibn Zohr University, Agadir-Morocco., Chaib MD Z. , Ait Boutargante MD H. ,   Cardiology Department University Hospital Agadir, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy Ibn Zohr University, Agadir-Morocco., Eddahbi MD M. ,   Cardiology Department University Hospital Agadir, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy Ibn Zohr University, Agadir-Morocco., Beladel MD W. ,   Cardiology Department University Hospital Agadir, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy Ibn Zohr University, Agadir-Morocco., El Baz MD K. ,   Cardiology Department University Hospital Agadir, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy Ibn Zohr University, Agadir-Morocco., Berrajaa MD M. ,   Cardiology Department University Hospital Agadir, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy Ibn Zohr University, Agadir-Morocco., El Minaoui MD M. ,   Cardiology Department University Hospital Agadir, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy Ibn Zohr University, Agadir-Morocco.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Rheumatic mitral stenosis remains a common valvular heart disease in Morocco, systemic thromboembolism is the principal complication especially with atrial fibrillation. Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is an interruption of the blood supply to different portions of the small intestine, leading to ischemia and intestinal necrosis. It is a life?threatening condition with a mortality rate of 60?80 %. We describe a case of AMI successfully medically managed while waiting for the management of severe mitral stenosis. Case Report: A 53-year-old patient with a history of recurrent angina was admitted to the emergency department with a surgical abdomen presenting with abdominal pain and bilious vomiting. An abdominal ultrasound was initially requested, but came back without any abnormalities , Abdominal CT angiography showed grelic ischemic wall thickening due to an occlusive thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery . Etiological research found severe mitral stenosis without organized thrombus in the left atrium on transthoracic echocardiography. Discussion: Acute mesenteric ischemia is a rare complication of mitral stenosis, it is an acute abdominal emergency, its incidence is low with approximately 0.14% case per year. Mortality rate is about 70%, This pathological entity can lead to intestinal necrosis and death. It is often associated with concomitant embolization in other vascular territories, including spleen or kidney. Conclusion: Mesenteric ischemia is a fatal and rare complication of mitral stenosis. Management is often surgical or interventional, but can also be medical.
CO-CREATION VALUE AS A TOOLS TO FACILITATE AND A GUIDELINES TO ENHANCE INNOVATION DESIGN LEARNING THROUGH CLASSROOM TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors:   Senior Lecturer, Department of Creative Multimedia, Sultan Idris Education University, Perak, Malaysia., Jantan Ramlan , Ezedy Abd. Rahman Khairol ,   PhD. Student, Department of Creative Multimedia, Sultan Idris Education University, Perak, Malaysia., Nawfal Mohd Isa Afeez ,   Senior Lecturer, Department of Creative Multimedia, Sultan Idris Education University, Perak, Malaysia., Farizal Bin Puadi Mohd ,   Lecturer, Department of Creative Multimedia, Sultan Idris Education University, Perak, Malaysia.
Published: November 2024

This research conducted to explore and understand more about involvement of co-creation value approach towards innovation learning process. Though, teaching and learning conducted with effective pedagogy, however co-creation value have been introduced to enhance student capacity towards innovation design process. Alternatively, a few known techniques have been introduced to students, which further theyre capability to create innovative template. The techniques mentioned above borrowed from service design method which included User Journey Mapping and User persona. Though, co-creation techniques which involve customer centric such as Unique Value Propositions have been introduced. These known techniques have been borrowed from Alexander Osterwalder theory on innovative concept and competitive strategy for business. This techniques and skills were introduced due to its capability to involve customer in the production process. Hence similar concept to co-creation approach theoretically, the proposed techniques and skills borrowed from Alexander Osterwalder is the key point for innovative design and competitive business study.Whereby, student is instruct to imagine company future direction by interact with the client. Somehow, it is necessary for students to communicate with client in regards of mapping the existing system of their business and company production. Results of client inside knowledge together with information require student embark into journey of User Journey Mapping by creating User persona/ profiles at first.
STUDY OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME (IBS) AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS OF TAIF UNIVERSITY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN MEDICAL VERSUS NON-MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia., Edah Alomairi Naif , Kamel Afifi Omayma ,   Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia., Ahmed Shawky Ola ,   Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia., Saad Alshehiri Sammar ,   Medical Students, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia., Magboul Aljuaid Reem ,   Medical Students, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a repeated, expensive, and disabling functional digestive disorder. Stress can play a role in its occurrence hence, nowadays many researches are conducted on the college students especially the medical as a vulnerable group to stress that may predispose to IBS. Aim of the work To determine the IBS in medical students in Tiaf University, KSA, in comparison to non-medical students in female campus. Method: A transversal study was conducted among 223 female students from Faculty of Medicine, Arts, Admin and Financial sciences, Computer and Information technology and Islamic law. Participants were selected randomly during October 2014. A questionnaire based on Rome III Criteria was used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed and represented in tables and graphs. Results: Among the 223 students, the IBS was (26.9%) according to the Rome III criteria. IBS was more incident in medical students (30.3%) than non-medical (24.2%), but the difference was statistically non-significant. The percentage of IBS-constipation subtype was (38.3%), IBS-diarrhea subtype (33.3%) and IBS-mixed subtype (28.4%). Conclusion: High IBS incidence in female students of Taif University particularly among medical students. Recommendation: stress management courses and student support services are needed to allow the University students to deal with different stressors and pressure during the year university` studies.
ADHERENCE TO ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS AMONG EPILEPTIC PATIENTS IN TAIF: PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia, Neurology Consultant, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia., Edah Alomairi Naif
Published: November 2024

Background: Inadequate adherence to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) leads to increased mortality and morbidity due to poor seizure control. This has direct and indirect effects on healthcare system costs, including disease progression, prolonged hospitalization, and premature disability. Objectives: To investigate therate and determinants of non-adherence to AEDs. Patients and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Hada Armed Forces Hospital in Taif City. The study involved adult epileptic patients who visited the neurology outpatient clinic of the hospital between June 1st and August 31st, 2024. Data was gathered through patient interviews using a validated Arabic questionnaire and a review of medical charts. Adherence to anti-epileptic medications over the past 2 weeks was self-reported by the patients using a 4-item Morisky Green Levine Medication Adherence Scale (MGLS). Results: A total of 318 epileptic patients were included in the study. The age of more than a third of the patients (35.3%) ranged between 18 and 30 years. High adherence to AEDs was observed among the majority of patients (81.1%), while low adherence was reported in 9.7% of them. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that patients aged between 41 and 50 years were at almost a three-fold higher risk of being low/intermediate adherent to AEDs compared to those aged 18-30 years (aOR=2.96 95% CI: 1.22-7.15, p=0.016).Patients who have experienced 1-3 seizures per year and those with a frequency of â‰¤1 seizure per month were found to have a significantly higher likelihood of showing low or intermediate adherence to AEDs compared to patients who have been seizure-free for more than 2 years (aOR=2.87 95% CI: 1.15-7.20, p=0.025 and aOR=3.42 95% CI: 1.60-7.28, p = 0.001, respectively).Compared to patients who did not experience any adverse reactions to AEDs, those who did were at a higher risk of being low/intermediate adherent to AEDs (aOR=5.13 95% CI: 1.62-16.21, p=0.005). Conclusion:The adherence to anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) among epileptic patients was generally high. However, a significant proportion of patients reported low to intermediate adherence. Therefore, healthcare providers should encourage adherence to AEDs, paying special attention to checking for any potential adverse effects.
ANEURYSM RUPTURE IN THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD: A CASE REPORT OF AN EXCEPTIONAL CASE
Authors:   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics CHU Hassan II of Fes, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah., Laaouini K. , Errarhay S. ,   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics CHU Hassan II of Fes, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah., Fdili Alaou F. ,   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics CHU Hassan II of Fes, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah., Bendahou Idrissi M. ,   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics CHU Hassan II of Fes, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah., Mamouni N. ,   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics CHU Hassan II of Fes, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah., Bouchikh C. ,   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics CHU Hassan II of Fes, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah., Banani A. ,   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics CHU Hassan II of Fes, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah., Akammar A. ,   Maternal and Child Radiology Department CHU HASSAN II of Fes, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah., Boubou M. ,   Maternal and Child Radiology Department CHU HASSAN II of Fes, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah.
Published: November 2024

Aneurysm rupture is a rare but not exceptional cause of hemoperitoneum during pregnancy or the postpartum period. We report a fatal case of postpartum hemorrhagic shock in a patient with multiple aneurysm ruptures. The objective is, on the one hand, to draw the obstetricians attention to non-obstetric causes of postpartum hemorrhage, and on the other hand, to provide a literature review on the subject.
CASE REPORT: HEMICHOREA-HEMIBALLISMUS IN NONKETOTIC HYPERGLYCEMIC FEMALE PATIENT: PUTAMINAL HIGH INTENSITY LESION ON MRI T1-WEIGHTED IMAGES
Authors: Agrawal Payal , Reddy Agumamidi Santhosh
Published: November 2024

A 65-year-old female known case of diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, chronic heart failure and chronic renal failure was admitted to our hospital with fever, diarrhea, and sudden onset of hemichorea-hemiballismus in right upper limb and lower limb. On admission blood glucose level was 175mg/dl, hemoglobin A1c was 11% and the serum osmolality was 292 mOsm/l. Urine analysis was negative for glucose and ketone bodies. After correction of blood glucose to normal level choreiform and ballistic movements disappeared. MRI showed high intensity on T1-weighted images in the left putamen, which disappeared 4 months after onset. The putaminal abnormality was the cause of her involuntary movements. The cause of high intensity in the putamen might be the multiple petechial hemorrhages which can occur in association with nonketotic hyperglycemia. We report an occurrence of hemichorea-hemiballismus in a female patient with diabetes mellitus type 2.
CHOLECYSTITIS WITH CHOLELITHIASIS WITH TUBERCULAR PATHOLOGY: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Junior Resident, Government Medical College, Patiala., Arya (J.R) Ayushi , (J.R) Ranjana ,   Junior Resident, Government Medical College, Patiala., Kaur Mohanvir ,   Associate Professor, Government Medical College, Patiala.
Published: November 2024

An extremely uncommon condition that manifests as calculous or acalculous cholecystitis is gallbladder tuberculosis (GBTB). It is challenging to make an accurate preoperative diagnosis of GBTB, and this literature survey emphasizes that postcholecystectomy or postmortem diagnosis is the norm in the majority of patients. Although GBTB is a very rare condition, people from endemic areas who have risk factors including a history of tuberculosis or underlying immunosuppression should be suspected of having it. Since radiography lacks pathognomic features, gallbladder tuberculosis is only diagnosed through histology of the removed specimen. Here, we detail an extremely unique case of gallbladder tuberculosis that was unexpectedly discovered during histopathological examination.
THE VITAL ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ACCELERATING THE DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: Rajabi Dezfooli Helia , Dashtizadeh Adib , Esmaeily Arman , Baradaranaghili Shiva
Published: November 2024

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize antibiotic discovery. By automating and accelerating various stages of the drug discovery process, AI can help address the urgent need for new antibiotics to combat rising antimicrobial resistance.AI can be used to analyze vast amounts of data, AI algorithms can process and analyze large datasets to identify patterns and trends that may be relevant to antibiotic discovery. Predict molecular properties, design novel antibiotics and optimize drug development. By leveraging AI, researchers can expedite the discovery of novel antibiotics, improve their efficacy, and reduce the time and cost associated with drug development. This is crucial for addressing the growing threat of antibiotic resistance and ensuring the availability of effective treatments for infectious diseases. Materials and Methods: This review article systematically analyzes published research on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in pharmacology, the drug industry, and specifically, antibiotic discovery. The information from these articles was categorized and reviewed according to the AI applications in pharmacology, AI in the drug industry, AI in antibiotic discovery. This review aims to highlight the specific ways in which AI is being used to address the urgent need for new antibiotics. Results: A review of 35 studies revealed the benefits of using artificial intelligence (AI) in drug discovery, particularly in the context of antibiotic development. AI can enhance drug design processes, improve predictions of ligand-receptor interactions, and facilitate collaboration among healthcare providers.However, AI also faces challenges, such as potential biases in decision-making, ethical concerns, and the need to recognize its limitations. To address these issues, researchers can focus on strengthening neural network databases, integrating AI with traditional experimental methods. By overcoming these challenges, AI can play a crucial role in accelerating the discovery of novel antibiotics and improving the treatment of infectious diseases. Conclusion: The efficient application of artificial intelligence can substantially expedite drug discovery, especially for new antibiotics. As bacterial resistance to current antibiotics increases, the demand for swift development of more potent drugs becomes more critical. AI, capable of analyzing extensive datasets and predicting molecular characteristics, can significantly accelerate this process.
NEONATAL JAUNDICE- KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE PRACTICE AMONG WOMEN
Authors:   Lecturer,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,SNSR,Sharda University., Singh Smita , Yadav Shubhangi ,   Tutor,College of Nursing,All India Institute Of Medical Science, Bhubaneswar., Satyal Bhawna ,   Tutor,Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Nursing, TMU., Pradhan Anita ,   Nursing Officer, All India Institute Of Medical Science, Bhubaneswar.
Published: November 2024

Background:Neonatal jaundice which is also referred as hyperbilirubinemia is yellow discoloration of the skin and other organs due to accumulation of bilirubine.During the first week of delivery about 60 % term and 80 % preterm newborns suffer with this condition which needs medical consultation, it has been seen that breastfeeding neonates still have jaundice with in 1 month.Neonatal jaundice has a direct correlation with mortality and death in under developed countries. It is treatable illness in infants. Strategies to prevent complication of jaundice and early detection mass communication is important.To reduce morbidity and mortality due to severe NNJ, women of childbearing age and pregnant women should be educated on early recognition of NNJ, prompt and appropriate intervention. Methods:Relavant literature was scrutinize through a search on Medline and Pubmed. Results:Women more that 60% didnt knew about neonatal jaundice and have misconceptions for treatment modalities. Conclusions:Despite of spreading awareness womens have deficit knowledge and various myths regarding Neonatal Jaundice and there is need to spread awareness in community based for the same.
Unveiling the antecedents of sustainable performance: Insights from hospitality industry managers
Authors: As’ad Ajmal , Brasit Nurdin , Muis Mahlia , Umar Fauziah
Published: November 2024

The hospitality industry faces significant challenges in achieving sustainable performance, particularly amidst a rapidly changing market and environmental uncertainties. Unfortunately, previous studies have paid limited attention to this specific aspect of performance. This study explores the antecedents – organizational resilience, dynamic capabilities, agile leadership, and organizational ambidexterity – that contribute to sustainable performance among managers in this sector. A self-administered electronic questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 210 hotel managers at various levels in Makassar, Indonesia, following a purposive sampling approach. The relationships were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0. The results indicate that organizational resilience and agile leadership significantly influence sustainable performance, while dynamic capability and organizational ambidexterity do not show a significant impact. Furthermore, both organizational resilience and dynamic capability are significant to organizational ambidexterity, and they also significantly contribute to agile leadership. These findings illuminate the critical determinants affecting sustainable performance in the hospitality sector, providing valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers aiming to enhance sustainability practices in the industry.
From fetchers to decision-makers: exploring the gender dynamics of water access and governance in resource-poor communities of Mbala, Zambia
Authors: Nkolola Babra Namwiinga , Phiri Adrian
Published: November 2024

Research on African women often emphasizes their traditional roles as water fetchers and caregivers, but their potential role in water governance is frequently overlooked. Here, this research gap is explored with a focus on the sustainability of water access points (WAPs). The latest mWater tool version 3.0. was used to conduct household surveys concerning gender roles in water access in rural Mbala of northern Zambia. Purposive sampling, a non-probability methodological approach, was used to choose respondents. The Empowerment in WASH Index (EWI) was adopted to quantify empowerment levels. The analysis revealed significant contributors to disempowerment, such as group membership, control over household goods, work balance, and leadership in WAP implementation. The study also highlighted the critical role of Water Point Committees (WPCs) in sustaining WAPs. An unexpected finding emerges as the data contests the prevalent notion that women, who are primarily responsible for water fetching, are marginalised from decision-making processes. Instead, the results suggest that women's disempowerment is not the primary factor contributing to the lack of sustainability of WAPs. Rather, a general lack of financial commitment within communities is at play. The study highlights the critical, yet previously overlooked, role of community meetings in ensuring the sustainability of WAPs.
End-user participation in drinking water management through Awareness, Education, and Resources: Tools for Water Partnerships
Authors: Zimmermann Karl
Published: November 2024

The long-term success of safely managed drinking water systems requires participation from many stakeholders, especially the water users, but also community leaders, technical experts, health practitioners, teachers, NGOs, and others. However, people may need to be empowered before they can be confident or able to contribute to meaningful decision making or governance roles in Water Partnerships. Discussions with water leaders from nine organizations on four continents revealed a surprisingly similar three-step approach to empowering end-user participation in water management. The first step is creating the Awareness of local water challenges and their impact on health. The second step is Education about the options for safe water. Together, Awareness + Education lead to people understanding their challenges and being able to devise a locally appropriate solution. The third step is Resources for water action. Through Awareness, Education, and Resources, water stakeholders including households can be empowered to participate in safely managing drinking water solutions.
Factors Influencing Domestic Human Trafficking in Africa: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Belaid Loubna , Sarmiento Ivan , Dion Anna , Rojas Cardenas Andrés , Cockcroft Anne , Andersson Neil
Published: November 2024

Background

Human trafficking is a human rights violation in every region of the world. The African continent is not spared. Every year, millions of people experience significant health and social consequences. International organizations and governments combating human trafficking are hindered by a lack of knowledge about what factors influence domestic (within-country) human trafficking.

Objective

This study aims to conduct a scoping review to collate and synthesize literature on factors influencing domestic trafficking in Africa.

Methods

We will follow Arksey and O’Malley’s framework to answer the question about reported influences on domestic human trafficking and their relative weight. The search strategy will explore PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus. A total of 2 independent researchers will select quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods studies that examine relationships influencing domestic human trafficking. We will document our results by following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. We will extract a list of all reported relationships between identified factors influencing domestic human trafficking in each study. Based on a discourse analysis approach, we will weigh the strengths of the relationships based on how frequently they are reported across the included studies. We will summarize the findings as fuzzy cognitive maps depicting the relationships reported in the literature. The maps represent the influences between concepts (nodes) linked by arrows (edges) going from each cause to its outcomes. These maps are helpful visual summaries of the factors associated with domestic human trafficking, allowing a comparison with maps to be created by stakeholder groups.

Results

This project received financial support in March 2023. We expect to start the project in March 2024. We recruited 2 research staff members to conduct the scoping review and expect to publish the results in March 2025.

Conclusions

The review will provide a comprehensive understanding of factors influencing domestic human trafficking in Africa. The overlap of human trafficking with other forms of exploitation, the limited literature on domestic human trafficking, and the likely diversity of factors are challenges for the review. We propose strategies to address these challenges.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/56392
Factors Influencing Domestic Human Trafficking in Africa: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Belaid Loubna , Sarmiento Ivan , Dion Anna , Rojas Cardenas Andrés , Cockcroft Anne , Andersson Neil
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Human trafficking is a human rights violation in every region of the world. The African continent is not spared. Every year, millions of people experience significant health and social consequences. International organizations and governments combating human trafficking are hindered by a lack of knowledge about what factors influence domestic (within-country) human trafficking.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to conduct a scoping review to collate and synthesize literature on factors influencing domestic trafficking in Africa.

METHODS

We will follow Arksey and O’Malley’s framework to answer the question about reported influences on domestic human trafficking and their relative weight. The search strategy will explore PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus. A total of 2 independent researchers will select quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods studies that examine relationships influencing domestic human trafficking. We will document our results by following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. We will extract a list of all reported relationships between identified factors influencing domestic human trafficking in each study. Based on a discourse analysis approach, we will weigh the strengths of the relationships based on how frequently they are reported across the included studies. We will summarize the findings as fuzzy cognitive maps depicting the relationships reported in the literature. The maps represent the influences between concepts (nodes) linked by arrows (edges) going from each cause to its outcomes. These maps are helpful visual summaries of the factors associated with domestic human trafficking, allowing a comparison with maps to be created by stakeholder groups.

RESULTS

This project received financial support in March 2023. We expect to start the project in March 2024. We recruited 2 research staff members to conduct the scoping review and expect to publish the results in March 2025.

CONCLUSIONS

The review will provide a comprehensive understanding of factors influencing domestic human trafficking in Africa. The overlap of human trafficking with other forms of exploitation, the limited literature on domestic human trafficking, and the likely diversity of factors are challenges for the review. We propose strategies to address these challenges.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/56392
Intersection of Performance, Interpretability, and Fairness in Neural Prototype Tree for Chest X-Ray Pathology Detection: Algorithm Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Hongbo , Alfred Myrtede , Brown Andrew D , Atinga Angela , Cohen Eldan
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

While deep learning classifiers have shown remarkable results in detecting chest X-ray (CXR) pathologies, their adoption in clinical settings is often hampered by the lack of transparency. To bridge this gap, this study introduces the neural prototype tree (NPT), an interpretable image classifier that combines the diagnostic capability of deep learning models and the interpretability of the decision tree for CXR pathology detection.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the utility of the NPT classifier in 3 dimensions, including performance, interpretability, and fairness, and subsequently examined the complex interaction between these dimensions. We highlight both local and global explanations of the NPT classifier and discuss its potential utility in clinical settings.

METHODS

This study used CXRs from the publicly available Chest X-ray 14, CheXpert, and MIMIC-CXR datasets. We trained 6 separate classifiers for each CXR pathology in all datasets, 1 baseline residual neural network (ResNet)–152, and 5 NPT classifiers with varying levels of interpretability. Performance, interpretability, and fairness were measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC), interpretation complexity (IC), and mean true positive rate (TPR) disparity, respectively. Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between IC and ROC AUC, as well as between IC and mean TPR disparity.

RESULTS

The performance of the NPT classifier improved as the IC level increased, surpassing that of ResNet-152 at IC level 15 for the Chest X-ray 14 dataset and IC level 31 for the CheXpert and MIMIC-CXR datasets. The NPT classifier at IC level 1 exhibited the highest degree of unfairness, as indicated by the mean TPR disparity. The magnitude of unfairness, as measured by the mean TPR disparity, was more pronounced in groups differentiated by age (chest X-ray 14 0.112, SD 0.015; CheXpert 0.097, SD 0.010; MIMIC 0.093, SD 0.017) compared to sex (chest X-ray 14 0.054 SD 0.012; CheXpert 0.062, SD 0.008; MIMIC 0.066, SD 0.013). A significant positive relationship between interpretability (ie, IC level) and performance (ie, ROC AUC) was observed across all CXR pathologies (P<.001). Furthermore, linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between interpretability and fairness (ie, mean TPR disparity) across age and sex subgroups (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

By illuminating the intricate relationship between performance, interpretability, and fairness of the NPT classifier, this research offers insightful perspectives that could guide future developments in effective, interpretable, and equitable deep learning classifiers for CXR pathology detection.
Ethical Considerations for Wastewater Surveillance in the United States Department of Defense (Preprint)
Authors: Smith Hunter Jackson , Agans Richard T , Kowallis William J
Published: November 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is beginning to establish its wastewater surveillance capacities to support public health, force health protection, and national security. Wastewater surveillance is an emerging technology that has traditionally been utilized for detecting infectious diseases. However, its potential future uses may bring a staggering and unpredictable amount of information that could be used for a wide variety of purposes both health and non-health related. The U.S. military serves an inimitable role for the country and its citizens, and it exercises significant levels of control over its service members compared to civilian organizations. Further, its presence and potential wastewater surveillance activities may reach far beyond just military installations. As such, there arise unique ethical considerations that
must be accounted for to ensure the DoD implements a wastewater surveillance network in a manner that is both impactful in supporting public health and appropriate to the scope and population under surveillance. Therefore, this paper explores important ethical features in conducting wastewater surveillance that are both specific to the DoD experience and applicable for wider public health interests.
Piloting a Suicide Risk Screening in Jails: Leveraging the Mental Health Research Network Algorithm and Healthcare Data (Preprint)
Authors: Comartin Erin B. , Victor Grant , Kheibari Athena , Ahmedani Brian K. , Hedden-Clayton Bethany , Jones Richard N. , Miller Ted , Johnson Jennifer E. , Weinstock Lauren M. , Kubiak Sheryl
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Suicide in local jails occurs at a higher rate than in the general population, making it a priority to improve risk screening methods. This article describes a research study that will use administrative data and machine learning modeling to improve suicide risk detection at jail booking.

OBJECTIVE

This research study is primarily focused on gathering preliminary information about the feasibility and practicality of using administrative data and machine learning modeling for suicide risk detection, but also incorporates elements of hypothesis testing pertaining to clinical outcomes.

METHODS

The research study validates an existing community suicide risk identification machine learning model – developed and validated by the Mental Health Research Network (MHRN) – on a sample of ~6,000 individuals booked into two diverse jails in a Midwestern state. The model detects suicide risk in jails and post-release by using merged jail, Medicaid, and Vital records data.

RESULTS

The resulting model will be compared to the jails’ suicide identification practice-as-usual (‘PAU’), to assess risk and detection of identified suicide attempts and deaths from intake through 120 days and 13 months after jail release, and to modeling and PAU together. The research study will also investigate implementation factors, such as feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness, to optimize jail uptake.

CONCLUSIONS

We hypothesize that a combination of intake screening process-as-usual and the machine learning model will be the optimal approach to be evaluated.
AI’s Accuracy in Extracting Learning Experiences from Clinical Practice Logs: An Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kondo Takeshi , Nishigori Hiroshi
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Improving the quality of education in clinical settings requires an understanding of learners’ experiences and learning processes. However, this is a significant burden on learners and educators. If learners’ learning records could be automatically analyzed and experiences visualized, it would enable real-time tracking of their progress. Large language models (LLMs) may be useful for this purpose, although their accuracy has not been sufficiently studied.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the accuracy of predicting the actual clinical experiences of medical students from their learning log data during clinical clerkship using LLMs.

METHODS

This study was conducted at the Nagoya University School of Medicine. Learning log data from medical students participating in a clinical clerkship from April 22, 2024, to May 24, 2024, were used. The Model Core Curriculum (MCC) for Medical Education was employed as a template to extract experiences. OpenAI’s ChatGPT was selected for this task after a comparison with other LLMs. Prompts were created using the learning log data and provided to ChatGPT to extract experiences, which were then listed. A web application using GPT-4-turbo was developed to automate this process. The accuracy of the extracted experiences was evaluated by comparing them with the corrected lists provided by the students.

RESULTS

Twenty out of thirty-three 6th-year medical students participated in this study, resulting in 40 datasets. The Jaccard Index was 0.59, indicating moderate agreement. Sensitivity and specificity were 62.67% and 99.37%, respectively. The results suggest that GPT-4-turbo accurately identifies many of the actual experiences but misses some because of insufficient detail or a lack of student records.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated that LLMs, such as GPT-4-turbo, can predict clinical experiences from learning logs with high specificity but moderate sensitivity. Future improvements in AI models and the combination of learning logs with other data sources, such as electronic medical records, may enhance the accuracy. Utilizing naturally accumulated data for assessment could reduce the burden on learners and educators while improving the quality of educational assessments in medical education.
Patterns of COVID-19 Testing Preferences in Rural Underserved Populations (Preprint)
Authors: van den Broek-Altenburg Eline , Benson Jamie , Jonk Yvonne , Leslie Abimbola , Carney Jan , Stein Gary
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

A particular challenge during the Covid-19 pandemic was to provide testing and treatment for already disadvantaged and vulnerable populations. Media reports suggested socioeconomic and racial disparities in access to testing. Many states implemented testing in a sporadic and disorganized way and it is unclear to what extent this disproportionally affected populations experienced barriers to accessing care. It is also unclear that if potential barriers to testing were due to systemic challenges or whether there were underlying individuals motivations for not getting tested.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to understand the trade-offs individuals in rural and vulnerable populations make between attributes of individual diagnostic testing and how preferences and trade-offs vary across individuals.

METHODS

We used a mixed methods approach, first conducting focus groups to identify barriers to COVID-19 testing and then identifying optimal strategies to increase testing using hypothetical scenarios by developing a Discrete Choice Experiment. We analyzed the data using a conditional logit model (CL) and using latent class analysis (LC).

RESULTS

We found that respondents cared about select structural factors, but that these were not the primary drivers of choice for testing. We also found that the attributes of testing were all significant in the CL model, apart from home visit and walk in, and had the expected signs. However, when taking a closer look at preference heterogeneity and unobserved preferences, we concluded that some important covariates were driving preferences, including: age, gender, medical vulnerability, insurance status, trust in government organizations, and previous flu vaccination -which may be a proxy for compliance. In sum, these covariates helped explain the observed preference heterogeneity. Contrary to our hypotheses, rurality did not significantly impact preferences for testing.

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest that important social, behavioral and even policy factors affect choice for testing. Contrary to our hypotheses, rurality did not significantly impact preferences for testing, but attitudes towards government and other beliefs did. Health care interventions intended to reduce rural health disparities that do not reflect the underlying values of individuals in those subpopulations are unlikely to be successful.
Perspectives of patients with early psychosis on the use of an app in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: a qualitative study. (Preprint)
Authors: Bouws Jara , Uyttebroek Lotte , Beames Joanne R , de Koning Mariken , Schirmbeck Frederike , Henrard An , Reininghaus Ulrich , de Haan Lieuwe , Myin-Germeys Inez
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA) and Interventions (EMI), commonly delivered via smartphones, hold the potential to bridge the gap between therapy sessions and the daily life of individuals experiencing early psychotic symptoms. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Daily Life (ACT-DL) combines 8 face-to-face ACT sessions with the use of an app in everyday life. The app randomly prompts individuals multiple times a day in between sessions, with questionnaires (EMA) and metaphors or exercises (EMI). Previous quantitative findings showed promising results in terms of ACT-DL on transferring therapy skills to daily life and treating momentary psychotic distress and negative symptoms. However, participants reported a perceived burden related to length and frequency of notifications.

OBJECTIVE

This study qualitatively explores the perspectives of individuals with Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) or with First Episode Psychosis (FEP) on the use of the ACT-DL app, and perceived areas for improvement.

METHODS

User experiences with the ACT-DL app were explored in 17 semi-structured interviews within six months after the intervention and analyzed using template thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Three themes were formed: 1. App functionalities and usability; consisting mainly of perceived practical obstacles. 2. Additional value of the app; on how the EMAs positively raised levels of awareness for feelings, thoughts, and behavior, and on how receiving EMIs increased transferability of sessions to daily life. 3. Improving applicability and effect of the ACT-DL app; with practical feedback from participants.

CONCLUSIONS

Although participants struggled with the applicability of the ACT-DL app during work and social activities, many were positive about using the ACT-DL app. Positive effects were often attributed to increased awareness related to EMAs and to the ACT exercises on the ACT-DL app.

CLINICALTRIAL

This study is part of the INTERACT trial - A real-time and real-world intervention focusing on stress and reward. This trial was prospectively registered in the Dutch Trial Register (ID: NTR4252).
Pengembangan Karakter Generasi Alpha melalui Pendampingan Kreativitas Seni Rupa bagi Anak-Anak Sekolah Minggu Gereja Pandu Bandung
Authors: Aryani Dewi Isma , Manurung Rosida Tiurma , Ida Ida , Pandanwangi Ariesa , Dewi Belinda Sukapura
Published: November 2024

With a tridharma vision and mission founded on ICE values, namely Integrity, Care, and Excellence, Universitas Kristen Maranatha is one of the top ten best private university in Indonesia according to THE Impact Rankings 2022. The Pandu Church Sunday School students that attend the Bina Iman Lanjutan (BIL) are the target audience for community service projects. Using decorative buttons, flannel in various colors, and textile coloring markers on a drawstring fabric bag, the implementation approach is carried out through mentoring and creative experimental activities. This program is intended to foster the Alpha Generation's character among the Sunday School students of the Pandu Church. 26 FSRD students, 9 teaching staff from several faculties at Universitas Kristen Maranatha, 27 Sunday School participants, and 6 BIL’s Pandu Church supervisors helped with the offline activities. Participants are able to create crafts out of drawstring fabric bags as a result of this activity.