bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Yield and Nutrient Removal of Biomass and Sweet Sorghum
Authors: Heitman Adam J. , Castillo Miguel S. , Smyth T. Jot. , Crozier Carl R. , Wang Zan , Heiniger Ron W. , Gehl Ronald J.
Published: May 2017

Core Ideas

During the 4‐yr period of this trial, N fertilization increased dry matter yield in 2 out of 4 yr for biomass sorghum and there was no effect on dry matter yield of sweet sorghum.

High DM yield supports sorghum as a bioenergy crop, however, the relatively low nutrient removal rate may limit its utilization in nutrient‐rich environments such as spray fields.

Greatest dry matter yields achieved were ∼18.5 Mg ha−1 at a N fertilization rate of 67 kg N ha−1 yr−1 for biomass sorghum.

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] can be used as bioenergy crop for either biomass or sugar yield. Dry matter (DM) yield and nutrient removal information is needed if sorghum is to be planted in high‐nutrient receiving areas such as swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) spray fields. The objectives of this 4‐yr experiment (2012 through 2015) were to determine the effect of five N fertilization rates (0, 67, 134, 201, and 268 kg N ha−1 yr−1) on DM yield and nutrient (N, P, and K) removal of cultivars Blade ES5200 (biomass) and M81‐E (sweet). The DM yield of ES5200 plateaued at 18.5 and 18.9 Mg ha−1 in 2012 and 2014, respectively, when N rate was 67 kg ha−1. There was no N fertilization effect on DM yield of M81‐E, which were 11.1 and 15.0 Mg ha−1 in 2012 and 2014, respectively. Early season excess rainfall in 2013 and 2015 negatively affected yield of both sorghums. Nutrient removal for ES5200 was 87 to 139 kg N ha−1, 20 to 23 for kg P ha−1, and 187 to 205 kg K ha−1. For M81‐E, nutrient removal was 52 to 118 kg N ha−1, 8 to 20 for kg P ha−1, and 92 to 156 kg K ha−1. Sorghum cultivars responded differently to N fertilization. High DM yield supports sorghum as a bioenergy crop, however, the relatively low nutrient removal rate may limit its utilization in nutrient‐rich environments such as spray fields.
Lead Highly Available in Soils Centuries after Metallurgical Activities
Authors: Mariet Anne‐Lise , Sarret Géraldine , Bégeot Carole , Walter‐Simonnet Anne‐Véronique , Gimbert Frédéric
Published: May 2017

Lead (Pb)‐contaminated sites that resulted from past mining and smelting activities still pose toxicological and ecotoxicological issues worldwide. A large body of research has been dedicated to evaluating the contamination and proposing mitigation strategies for recently contaminated sites (from the 19th century until the present). The possible impact of older contaminations has been much less investigated. The present study focuses on soils affected by Pb‐silver mining and smelting activities during the 15th to 18th centuries. A combination of sequential extractions and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the Pb fractionation and speciation in these soils. Despite the long passage of time, Pb was still highly available (1 and 6% of Pb present in the exchangeable fraction and 46 to 71% in the reducible fraction) and mostly present as Pb sorbed on iron (oxyhydr)oxides. Galena (lead sulfide, PbS) was observed in a soil sample from a kitchen garden, suggesting the recent use of smelter slags as soil amendments. This study shows that Pb is still highly available on this site after almost five centuries, probably because of the acidic character of the soil and the soil composition.

Core Ideas

Lead persists in bioavailable form several centuries after waste deposition.

Lead was mainly sorbed on Fe‐Mn (oxyhydr)oxides.

PbS in soil points to the use of slag as a kitchen‐garden amendment.
Comparing Hydroponics, Sand, and Soil Medium To Evaluate Contrasting Rice Nagina 22 Mutants for Tolerance to Phosphorus Deficiency
Authors: Yugandhar P. , Veronica N. , Panigrahy M. , Nageswara Rao D. , Subrahmanyam D. , Voleti S. R. , Mangrauthia S. K. , Sharma R. P. , Sarla N.
Published: May 2017

Soils deficient in P are widespread in major rice (Oryza sativa L.) ecosystems. In view of declining reserves of rock phosphate and the rising costs of P fertilizers, breeding rice varieties tolerant to low P has become important for future food security. Four different methods (hydroponics without sand [H], hydroponics with sand [HS], large pots with soil [PS], and glasses with soil [GS]) were evaluated using rice aus variety Nagina 22 (N22) and its known gain‐of‐function (gof) and loss‐of‐function (lof) mutants to screen for low P tolerance in the field. In −P (no addition of NaH2PO4) shoots, dry weight was significantly higher in gof mutant NH787 than in N22 in HS, PS, and GS but not in H, with fold increases of 1.8 in HS, 5.2 in GS, and 9.4 in PS. In HS, in −P, out of six traits only shoot dry weight was significantly higher in gof and lower in lof mutants. However, in GS both root and shoot dry weight could confirm gof and lof mutants. It took 40 d in GS and 70 d in PS to differentiate between growth in –P/low P and +P (0.32 mM NaH2PO4) and between gof and lof mutants. Thus, shoot dry weight at 30 d in HS and root and shoot dry weight at 40 d in GS are best to differentiate between genotypes grown in –P/low P and +P soil and also between gof and lof mutants for low P tolerance. The HS method can be performed in ambient conditions and needs 70% less medium compared with H. If germplasm is to be screened for low P tolerance on a large scale and if there is no access to low‐P soil, then screening using HS is the best approach.
Leaf Expansion and Transpiration Response to Soil Drying and Recovery among Cowpea Genotypes
Authors: Manandhar Anju , Sinclair Thomas R. , Rufty Thomas W. , Ghanem Michel E.
Published: May 2017

Sensitivity of leaf expansion to water‐deficit conditions could have a major influence on C assimilation rate and water loss rate under developing drought conditions. While cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is commonly grown in more arid regions, there is no information on the sensitivity of its leaf expansion with drying soil. Three experiments were undertaken in controlled environments to document leaf expansion during increasing soil drying (11–13 d). Eight cultivars of cowpea were studied. It was found that the initiation of the decrease in leaf expansion occurred earlier in the soil drying cycle than the decrease in transpiration rate in all genotypes. Also, the soil water content at which leaf expansion completely stopped was slightly greater than the termination of transpiration. Therefore, both measures of leaf expansion sensitivity to soil water showed greater sensitivity to soil drying than plant gas exchange as measured by transpiration rate. Genotypic differences were observed among the genotypes in their sensitivity to soil drying. In one experiment, the severely stressed plants were rewatered and recovery in leaf expansion rate occurred very rapidly. Leaf expansion rates of all genotypes following rewatering returned to the rates of the well‐watered plants within ∼1 d.
Reliability of Measurement and Genotype × Environment Interaction for Potato Specific Gravity
Authors: Wang Yi , Snodgrass Lance B. , Bethke Paul C. , Bussan Alvin J. , Holm David G. , Novy Richard G. , Pavek Mark J. , Porter Gregory A. , Rosen Carl J. , Sathuvalli Vidyasagar , Thompson Asunta L. , Thornton Michael T. , Endelman Jeffrey B.
Published: May 2017

Specific gravity (SpGr) is often used to measure the processing quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers for French fries or potato chips because of its strong correlation with dry matter content and ease of measurement. For French fry processing genotypes, the desirable range for mean SpGr is typically 1.080 to 1.095, and a small variance around the mean is essential for product uniformity. Two multi‐year, multi‐location trials were conducted to investigate the genetics of SpGr in elite russet germplasm. Consistent with earlier studies, the mean SpGr was measured with high repeatability within each environment: the median plot‐basis value was 0.83 for a national trial with six locations and 3 yr. In contrast, the median repeatability of the SD between tubers was only 0.21. Thus, multi‐environment trials are needed to identify genotypes with a narrow SpGr distribution. Finlay–Wilkinson stability analysis of the mean SpGr established one genotype as an outlier: when best linear unbiased predictions were regressed on the environment means, this genotype had a regression coefficient of 2.1, compared with 0.4 to 1.4 for the others. The genetic correlation between environments showed a consistent regional pattern in mean SpGr over the years. There was a higher mean correlation between environments within the Pacific Northwest (0.97), Upper Midwest (0.91), and Northeast (0.85) than between environments from the different regions (0.35–0.78). Although breeding for national adaptation is an attractive idea, our results suggest that genetic gain may be easier to achieve at the regional level.
Identification of Teosinte Alleles for Resistance to Southern Leaf Blight in Near Isogenic Maize Lines
Authors: Lennon Jill R. , Krakowsky Matthew , Goodman Major , Flint‐Garcia Sherry , Balint‐Kurti Peter J.
Published: May 2017

Southern leaf blight ([SLB], causal agent Cochliobolus heterostrophus) is an important fungal disease of maize (Zea mays L.). Teosinte (Z. mays ssp. parviglumis), the wild progenitor of maize, offers a novel source of resistance alleles that may have been lost during domestication. The aims of this study were to identify teosinte alleles that, when present in a temperate maize background, confer a significant level of resistance to SLB. Ten populations of BC4S2 near isogenic lines (NILs), developed by crossing 10 different teosinte accessions to the maize inbred B73, comprising 774 lines in total, were screened for SLB resistance. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified four significant QTL associated with SLB in bins 2.04, 3.04, 3.05, and 8.05. Sixteen individual NILs which were significantly different to the susceptible recurrent parent, B73 and which were carrying at least one of the teosinte‐derived resistance alleles were used to develop F2:3 populations by crossing each to B73 followed by two rounds of self‐pollination. These F2:3 populations were evaluated for SLB resistance and genotyped at the loci of interest. In 13 of 19 cases single marker analysis validated allelic substitution effects predicted from the original NIL population analysis, while in five cases we were not able to validate the effects and in one case a significant effect was detected in the opposite to the predicted direction. An allele at the QTL in bin 2.04 was shown to confer resistance to both SLB and a second maize foliar disease, gray leaf spot (GLS).
Narrativa transmídia: o game e o espaço público no limiar da hospitalidade
Authors: Gosciola Vicente , Rodrigues Vanuza Bastos , Parollo Sixto
Published: May 2017

Este texto se propõe a discutir como o lazer e a hospitalidade são examinados ao extremo quando se relacionam com novas modalidades de convívio. A chegada de novos modos narrativos, como a narrativa transmídia e sua extensão para o location-based game (aqui chamado de game locativo), leva a convivência humana a um novo patamar de desafios no espaço público. Objetivamos aqui identificar algumas possibilidades de ampliação ou revisão de estratégias de turismo e lazer promovidas pela inserção de jogos de realidade aumentada organizadas por narrativa transmídia. Para tanto, discutiremos à luz de teorias da hospitalidade, da comunicação, da narrativa transmídia e dos game studies, algumas possibilidades de turismo e lazer a partir de certas especificidades de games de realidade aumentada. Encontramos neste estudo alguns indicadores de que este tipo de game vem ocupar um lugar inexplorado nos modos de turismo e lazer. O que nos leva a compreender o quanto este tipo de game, em especial o game Pokémon GO aqui estudado, oferece em termos de futuras possibilidades a serem exploradas no universo do turismo e lazer.
A Ludicidade Assentida — Algumas Reflexões Sobre a Importância do Brinco, Logo Existo na Vida Escolar
Authors: Gomes Cleomar Ferreira
Published: May 2017

O texto que ora se apresenta, se orienta pelas lentes da ludicidade na tentativa de enxergá-la como um fenômeno da corporeidade, como acentua o etologista austríaco Konrad Lorenz, ou como uma linguagem cada vez mais presente nos espaços de produção dos serviços, das informações, e das comunicações, como faz a publicidade. Em todos os estágios de desenvolvimento humano ao longo de sua história, e mais fortemente nos espaços de escolarização de crianças pequenas, a ludicidade, pela via de jogos e brincadeiras tem sempre um lugar de destaque. A opção de privilegiaros eventos corporais lúdicos, assinala as marcasqueo corpoexperimenta, endereçadas ao ensino dessas linguagens que se traduzam num design demovimentos,coreografias, musicalização e modelagens corporais, que por tradição se constituiu um estorvo ao trabalho “excessivamente” intelectivo da escola. Os dados desse ensaio revelam-nos uma ludicidade interpretada, assentida e administrada como arrimo aos ritos do trabalho escolar que mais frequentemente as instituição de ensino tentam se impregnar.
A febre do Pokémon Go na perspectiva da hospitalidade humana
Authors: Wada Elizabeth , Camargo Luiz Octávio de Lima
Published: May 2017

Este artigo trata de um jogo que vem fascinando populações de diferentes idades e países - o Pokémon Go – e pergunta sobre o impacto de sua prática na hospitalidade cotidiana. Adotando o formato de um ensaio, o texto confronta ideias e teorias aos dados secundários de pesquisas realizadas, distinguindo três dimensões da hospitalidade possíveis de análise do jogo: (a) como atividade de lazer que se situa no plano de um novo interesse cultural, o virtual; (b) como prática turística, estimulando a exploração do espaço urbano e, com o recurso da Realidade Aumentada, incentivando viagens; e (c) como atividade que de alguma forma interfere nos processos de hospitalidade propriamente dita, podendo ser relacionada  aos processos de hospitalidade do ser humano em relação aos animais e, por extensão, a objetos.
Realidade Assombrada: Aplicativos de Realidade Aumentada e o Dark Tourism
Authors: Cánepa Laura Loguercio , Nascimento Genio De Paula , Mello Davi , Lima Carolina
Published: May 2017

Neste trabalho, busca-se refletir sobre o uso de aplicativos de realidade aumentada para promoção e intensificação de experiências ligadas ao chamado dark tourism ou thanatourism – modalidade de turismo cultural ligada ao interesse por locais situações marcadas pela morte ou por grandes tragédias. Quer-se sugerir que esses aplicativos podem não apenas coadjuvar atividades de turismo cultural, como também articular-se a uma gama de produtos audiovisuais ligados a experiências recorrentes no âmbito da cultura e do entretenimento desde o século XVIII.
Weighing the Impact of Diet and Lifestyle on Female Reproductive Function
Authors: Garruti Gabriella , Depalo Raffaella , De Angelis Maria
Published: May 2017

Background:

In the last years, several scientific societies and expert groups focused on the
role played by nutritional factors, lifestyle and excess of body fat in interfering with female reproduction
and fertility. In many studies a confounding factor is represented by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
which is one of the major causes of infertility where genetic and family history are certainly playing a
role, together with lifestyle and nutritional factors.

Methods:

In an attempt to define "the optimal fertility diet", we consider the role played by Mediterranean
lifestyle and some macronutrients (animal and vegetable proteins) on ovulatory disorders and female
fertility also considering some new visions derived from randomized trials of lifestyle programs in
obese infertile women asking for in vitro fertilization or alternative assisted reproduction technologies.

Results:

Several reports are in favor of an increased consumption of either proteins or low-glycemic index
carbohydrates to improve ovulatory disorders and female fertility. In studies concerning infertile
women undergoing assisted reproduction, either structured exercise sessions and dietary intervention
programs seem to be effective in improving menstrual cycles and fertility as demonstrated by the increased
rate of natural conceptions.

Conclusion:

The findings of this review confirm the important impact of Mediterranean diet and lifestyle
in preserving and improving fertility. However, epigenetic factors are very important in determining
fertility rate, but genetic background and ethnicity are also playing crucial roles.
Effects of Diets on Adipose Tissue
Authors: Ezquerro Silvia , Rodríguez Amaia , Portincasa Piero , Frühbeck Gema
Published: May 2017

Background:

Obesity is a major health problem that has become a global epidemic. Overweight and obesity are commonly associated with the development of several pathologies, such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, sleep apnea and several types of cancer, which can lead to further morbidity and mortality. An increased abdominal adiposity renders overweight and obese individuals more prone to metabolic and cardiovascular problems.

Objective:

This Review aims to describe the dietary strategies to deal with excess adiposity given the medical, social and economic consequences of obesity.

Methods:

One hundred and eighty-five papers were included in the present Review.

Results:

Excess adiposity leads to several changes in the biology, morphology and function of the adipose tissue, such as adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia, adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis and an impaired secretion of adipokines, contributing to the onset of obesity- related comorbidities. The first approach for obesity management and prevention is the implementation of a diet combined with physical activity. The present review summarizes the compelling evidence showing body composition changes, impact on cardiometabolism and potential adverse effects of very-low calorie, low- and high-carbohydrate, high-protein or low-fat diets. The use of macronutrients during the preprandial and postprandial state has been also reviewed to better understand the metabolic changes induced by different dietary interventions.

Conclusion:

Dietary changes should be individualised, tailored to food preferences and allow for flexible approaches to reducing calorie intake in order to increase the motivation and compliance of overweight and obese patients.
Role of Ectonucleotidases in Synapse Formation During Brain Development: Physiological and Pathological Implications
Authors: Grković Ivana , Drakulić Dunja , Martinović Jelena , Mitrović Nataša
Published: May 2017

Background:

Extracellular adenine nucleotides and nucleosides, such as ATP and adenosine, are among the most recently identified and least investigated diffusible signaling factors that contribute to the structural and functional remodeling of the brain, both during embryonic and postnatal development. Their levels in the extracellular milieu are tightly controlled by various ectonucleotidases: ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (E-NPP), alkaline phosphatases (AP), ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (E-NTPDases) and ecto-5'- nucleotidase (eN).  Methods: Studies related to the expression patterns of ectonucleotidases and their known features during brain development are reviewed, highlighting involvement of these enzymes in synapse formation and maturation in physiological as well as in pathological states.  Results: During brain development and in adulthood all ectonucleotidases have diverse expression pattern, cell specific localization and function. NPPs are expressed at early embryonic days, but the expression of NPP3 is reduced and restricted to ependymal area in adult brain. NTPDase2 is dominant ectonucleotidase existing in the progenitor cells as well as main astrocytic NTPDase in the adult brain, while NTPDase3 is fully expressed after third postnatal week, almost exclusively on varicose fibers. Specific brain AP is functionally associated with synapse formation and this enzyme is sufficient for adenosine production during neurite growth and peak of synaptogenesis. eN is transiently associated with synapses during synaptogenesis, however in adult brain it is more glial than neuronal enzyme.

Conclusion:

Control of extracellular adenine nucleotide levels by ectonucleotidases are important for understanding the role of purinergic signaling in developing tissues and potential targets in developmental disorders such as autism.
Modification Trends of Terraced Houses: A case study of Section 7, Shah Alam, Selangor
Authors: Sazally Salehaton H. , Omar Erdayu Os'hara , Hamdan Hazlina , Bajunid Anniz Fazli Ibrahim
Published: May 2017

Terraced or link houses have been one of the most popular housing schemes lived by modern Malaysians from all walks of life due to their design and affordability amongst all landed properties. Conversely, the mass housing production concept has its disadvantages and in most cases could not complement the diverse individual needs and personal satisfaction of personalisation. The most distinctive evidence is the adhered normal practice to renovate or modify houses even as early as when the owner is given vacant possession of the property. Users make changes for various reasons such as for personal needs, functional requirements or just plainly for aesthetic appeal. Housing modification or occurs when users modify the interior or exterior physical components of their homes. Modification works range from a simple change of colour of the facade to major structural changes to the home. It is also much based on individual affordability and the timing J{Jr the modifications to be made. A questionnaire survey was conducted in a terraced housing development in Section 7, Shah Alam, Selangor, to establish the personalisation trends and the motivational desires behind the personalisation.
Pre-School Children's Play Behaviour Influenced by Classroom's Spatial Definitions?
Authors: Abbas Mohamed Yusoff , Othman Mansor , Megat Abdul Rahman Puteri Zabariah
Published: May 2017

Quality education is one of Malaysia's six KRAs (Key Result Areas) which has been accorded priority in the 2010 Budget and in the planning of the 10'" Malaysia Plan 2011-2015. 0/ interest is the RMlOO million allocation under the 2010 budget to the Permata Negara programme which focuses on early childcare education. Despite this huge allocation, there currently appears to be a lot of emphasis on just the non-physical aspects of preschools. In more developed countries, the qualities of both the physical and non-physical aspects of preschool classrooms are given the equal emphasis on providing quality education. Earlier research has established that the physical environment impacts children's behaviour and their progressive development. Has the physical environment 0/ Malaysian pre-schools attained a standard of quality on par with developed nations? Based on an ongoing research project which investigated the relationship between the physical environment of public pre-schools and children's play behaviour, this paper focused on the influence of the spatial definitions of the classrooms upon the children's play behaviour. Three types of spatial definitions in existing pre-school classrooms and the children's five types of play behaviours were investigated. The research design strategised on surveys, while the methodology involved a pilot study, the use of questionnaire surveys, natural unobtrusive observations with video recordings, structured interviews and Moore's (2008) Children's Physical Environment Rating Scale (CPERS). Overall, the data collected involved observations of 494 children in 20 classroom settings from the 10 public pre-schools located at both urban and non-urban locations within the Klang Valley in Malaysia. Data were analysed using the SPSS statistical analysis. The findings revealed that the spatial definition of the classrooms had a significant effect on the children's behaviours. Implications in the design of future preschool classrooms were discussed.
Residents' Perceptions of the Visual Quality of On-Site Waste Storage Bins in Kuching
Authors: Chung Darvlynn Yiu Li , Muda Azizi , Che Omar Che Musa , Abd Manaf Latifah
Published: May 2017

On-site storage of waste can be convenient to waste generators, especially for those who generate a large amount of waste every day. Concerns regarding public health and aesthetic considerations of the on-site storage of wastes have also arisen due to the use of unsightly makeshift containers or open-ground storage. There has been extensive research conducted to improve the understanding of the aesthetic qualities of natural landscapes. Nevertheless, research on residents' visual preferences and concerns for solid waste management facilities is still limited. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this study is to understand the perceived visual aesthetic quality of on-site storage facilities of wastes at collection points in Kuching District. A survey was conducted in August 2009 using a set of questionnaires consisting of several sections with 60 closed-ended questions, including questions with Likert scales. Since the official privatization of solid waste management in Kuching, the concession company has been providing uniform mobile garbage bins of standard sizes to residents and commercial areas. This has gradually improved solid waste management systems. In general, the solid waste management problems in Kuching city are perceived to be moderately serious. Other than that only overflowing waste in containers is the main problem that creates visual pollution. The highest mean ratings for the visual assessment were 3.43 (physical attribute -clean), 4.60 (feelings' comfortable), and 3.34 (appraisal -attractive). It was also found that the photographs showing the mobile garbage bins provided by the concessionaire had the highest mean ratings for all three scales, i.e. descriptive, affective and appraisal scales.
The Perception of Social Safety in a Green Environment: A preliminary study at the Kepong Metropolitan Park
Authors: Maruthaveeran Sreetheran
Published: May 2017

Although there are many positive benefits gained from green areas, it is possible that people also have a negative perception towards such areas. Previous studies have shown that natural areas are sometimes perceived as scary, disgusting and uncomfortable when the sites are more densely vegetated, particularly when the vegetation is not apparently maintained and crime is often cited as a reason to avoid densely wooded areas. Based on this notion. a preliminary survey was conducted at Kepong Metropolitan Park. A total 0/69 park users were interviewed. A questionnaire was designed to provide information on the users' perception 0/ personal safety based on vegetation composition in urban parks. The perception of personal safety was based on photos taken before the survey. These photographs were taken at several urban parks in Kuala Lumpur. Out of 66 photographs taken. only 24 photographs were chosen for this study. The selection of the photographs was based on the type of vegetation such as topiary, young trees, matured trees. open space. hedges, shrub. water plant, bamboo, non-woody plants, and palms. Each of these photographs was identified with a numbered label. The respondents were requested to assess the type of surrounding vegetation they regarded as providing the safest environment. This study indicated that a photograph representing topiary plants was chosen by most park users as providing the safest park environment. On the other hand, a photograph depicting a pool with tall water grasses was considered as providing the least secure environment. This preliminary study revealed that people preferred parks which are more organized, maintained and well managed with a 'more formal' landscape setting. This study only presents preliminary evidence for the idea that a green environment can contribute towards fear and the feeling of being unsafe.
The Values of Parks to the House Residents
Authors: Shukur Farahwaheeda , Othman Noriah , Nawawi Abdul Hadi
Published: May 2017

The presence of a park in a residential area plays an important role for residents living near the park. The focus of this paper is to examine the significance of a park to house residents. The methods used in this study include interviews with the developer and a survey administered to the residents living near the park. The main findings gathered from the survey reveal that the five most important 'park-related factors' to house residents are (i) good park elements, (ii) conceptual or design of the park, (iii) nearness to the park, (iv) existence of a view to the park, and (v) active area of the park facing the house. Other results also indicate that shade trees, lighting and butterflies are elements preferred to be present in a park. This research provides knowledge on the preferences of house residents and the importance of parks in a neighbourhood. The information from this research is hoped to be useful to policymakers, local authorities, urban planners, developers, corporate bodies, individuals and other related agencies involved in park and residential property development.
Adapting by Altering: Spatial modifications of terraced houses in the Klang Valley area
Authors: Omar Erdayu Os'hara , Endut Esmawee , Saruwono Masran
Published: May 2017

This paper presents the initial findings of a study on the spatial modifications of fifty houses by homeowners in the Klang Valley area. Using a standardised format, various attributes consisting of altered spaces and features were compiled and examined. It appears that certain features of the houses including the kitchen, bedrooms and bathrooms were desperately altered. People have used their creativity in altering the spaces beyond the original intentions of the architect. To some extent, the findings indicate that the current model for providing houses has shortcomings in addressing the need to satisfy the aspirations of the individual family to live.
Map Design in Subway Stations through Passengers' Wayfinding Behavior Perspective
Authors: Li Pei-Ying , Zheng Meng-Cong , Hibino Haruo
Published: May 2017

This empirical study of behavioural observation with a verbal report attempts to understand the process of map-reading for purposes of wayfinding in a subway station at Taipei in Taiwan. Subjects were required to find the shortest way in reaching an exit via three manners - without a map, aided by 2D, and 3D maps. The results indicated that the design of underground space maps should support a direction and floor wayfinding strategy, plus the selection of a suitable angle of vision. Important considerations include marking the nearest exit, marking the scale, intensifying wall performance, and clarifying the discrimination of different floors and areas.
Affordances of Nearby Forest and Orchard on Children's Performances
Authors: Said Ismail
Published: May 2017

This research investigated the performances of children and adolescents with the properties of the nearby forests and orchards in Malaysia. It measured the affordances of the natural setting including the topography, water bodies, vegetation and animals as experienced by them. Their performances were observed through a two-day hiking and camping programme in both settings. Utilised affordances dominated the actions of children and adolescents twice more than the combination of perceived and shaped affordances. The results suggested that the nearby forest and orchard were suitable playscapes for the children to express their physical as well as socialisation competencies.
Children Walking to and from School in Tehran: Associations with neighbourhood safety, parental concerns and children's perceptions
Authors: Shokoohi Roya , Md Dali Melasutra , Hanif Noor Rosly
Published: May 2017

Nowadays, children are more likely to use motorized transportation modes to go to and from school. This paper focuses on examining the relationship between neighbourhood safety and primary-aged children walking to and from school on their own; across different socio-economic areas in Tehran. Self-reported parental and children surveys and urban design measurements were used to determine the influence neighbourhood safety factors have on the choice of children's school transportation mode. The results reveal that parents and children with negative perceptions of neighbourhood safety tend to use motor vehicles or to escort their children while walking to and from school.
Compostional Design as Sale Strategy: Shopping mall window display
Authors: Kernsom Thitipann , Sahachaisaeree Nopadon
Published: May 2017

This research was undertaken applying the “stimulus-organism-response” theory with two objectives: to ascertain determinants of window display intertwined with product messages and strategies; to study perceptions on window display conveying positioning, value, and quality of products creating customer’s desire to visit and purchase. Significant findings are for fashionable products to employ a single merchandising approach with large window size; accessories to utilize warm background color and not showing in-store; eyewear, jewelry, and watch products to showcase through images of presenters wearing them; luggage to use accent-lighting to brighten itself. Additionally, the effects of visual stimuli affected consumers’ cognitive and affective reactions.
The Behaviour of Consumer Society in Consuming Food at Restaurants and Cafes
Authors: Astuti Sri , Hanan Himasari
Published: May 2017

Commodity consumption behaviour in eating places is heavily influenced by design factors, either its atmosphere or serving facilities. The preferences of eating places are influenced by the social class of people. The study aims to gain insight on people’s behaviour at restaurants and cafes associated with the design of the eating places. Based on the observations made on three eating places, there are different eating place preference behaviours. Besides its design and facilities, however, there are two types of eating places, which are used either to consume the food served or to enjoy the atmosphere of the place.
Emotion and Sustainable Residential Interior Shape
Authors: Banaei Maryam , Yazdanfar Abbas , Hatami Javad , Ahmadi Ali
Published: May 2017

Focusing on inhabitant‟s climate comfort causes the neglect of personal and aesthetic factors that have effects on emotions and psychological comfort. Blindly adhering to sustainable design principles regardless of the basic architectural design parameters cause similar interior spaces in today‟s housing of Iran. Interior space form is one the main design factors that has some effects on inhabitant‟s emotions. It is a correlation research to study inhabitant‟s emotions towards sustainable interior space by focusing on interior form. It illustrates that form can consider as an influential factor in creating and improving sustainable conditions according to inhabitant‟s emotions.
Analyzing Sustainability of a Local Community by EBS Theory: The case of Kao Yi Sarn, Samut Songkram, Thailand
Authors: Panitchpakdi Kundoldibya
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this article is to explain the factors that enable Kao Yee Sarn, a small local community in Samut Songkram Province, maintain its identity as a „Thai community‟ despite the strong influences of global change. The study uses the concept of EBS for the investigation of the interactions among places, user groups, socio-behavioral-cultural phenomena and time. Literature review, direct observation and interviews were conducted. It was found that the balance of the dynamic interaction among environment, social economic culture and residences‟ behaviors is the key factor that enables Kao Yee Sarn to maintain its identity.
Assessing Service Quality: From the perspective of people who perform prayers
Authors: Ariffin Hashim Fadzil , Raja Abdullah Raja Puteri Saadiah , Bibon Mohamad Fahmi
Published: May 2017

This paper tries to delineate customer behaviour in assessing service quality, focusing on visit intention to restaurants and hotels that are providing prayer rooms (surau) for Muslims to perform their prayers during the month of Ramadhan. The remaining dimensions of service quality were included to portray a larger picture in measuring the relationship and predictory model of customer behavior. It was found that service quality elements contribute significantly to customer behaviour. The element of religiosity was found to mediate the relationship between surau and customer behaviour.
Celebrity Endorsement in Advertising: A double-edged Sword
Authors: Muda Mazzini , Musa Rosidah , Putit Lennora
Published: May 2017

The advertising market has become more cluttered and competitive now and everywhere. To highlight their brand, advertisers are turning to celebrities as endorsers. They are willing to invest significant amount of monies to juxtapose their brands with celebrity's attributes like attractiveness, expertise and trustworthiness. They believe that the celebrity's qualities might transfer to their brand, thus produce favourable campaign results. However, celebrity endorsement is not without potential risks. The purposes of this paper are threefold: first, to discuss how the marriage works between the brand and celebrity; second, to describe the benefits accrue from celebrity endorsement and third, to warn of potential dangers of the strategy.
Distinctive Design Perception: Toy packaging design
Authors: Tiwasing Wichanat , Sahachaisaeree Nopadon
Published: May 2017

The present research uses toy packaging as an exploratory case study to test the research design. The case study is so selected since it involves merchandizes in conflict between the needs of children and the trust of guardians. It also engages the role of playing as a learning process promoting children's imaginary and creativity thinking. Visual stimuli along with self-report questionnaires are used to test the perceptual response of both children and guardians on the aspects of attractiveness, safety, value and taste. The study found a number of contradictions on preferences between children and parents which demands design rethinking.
Obstetrical Haemorrhagic Mortality in a Tertiary Hospital of the Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Ntuli Sam T
Published: May 2017

Background: Obstetric haemorrhage is potentially fatal. Its frequency contributes to assessment of population health. So this study purpose was to assess the maternal deathsdue to obstetric haemorrhage in a tertiary hospital of the Limpopo Province, South Africa.

Methods: Allmaternal deaths, which occurred at Pietersburg Hospitalfrom January 2011 to December 2015 were reviewed. The hospital death register was used to collate the list of maternal deaths.Maternalage, parity, referring facility, date of admission and death, ward where death occurred, and causes of deathwere collected from delivery registers and patient medical records.

Results: There were 232 maternal deaths of which 48 (20.7%) were due to obstetrical haemorrhage. The mean age of the 48 women was 31.7±6.7 year range 15-48 years. Thirty one of 48 haemorrhagic deaths (65%) occurred within 24 hours of admission, 16 of 48 (33%) had a parity of 3 or more, 19 (40%) died in ICU and 12 (25%) in casualty. Forty three of 48 women (90%) were referred, of which 36 (84%) were from district hospitals. Post-partum haemorrhage accounted for 39 of 48 (81%) deaths followed by unspecifiedante-partum haemorrhage accounting for 4 (8%) and placenta abruption 2 of 48 (4%).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that a maternal death due to obstetric haemorrhage remains a major concern in Limpopo Province. Post-partum haemorrhage was the main cause of deaths.
Gestão de Frotas na construção civil: inovação, proposta de valor e impactos nas relações cliente-empresa
Authors: Nascimento Marcelo Soares , Christofoleti-Furlan Renata Maria
Published: May 2017

Empresas têm buscado soluções inovadoras que venham a agregar valor e que possam contribuir com o seu desenvolvimento. Neste cenário, uma empresa do setor de construção civil desenvolveu o serviço Gestão de Frotas, que oferece aos clientes ferramentas novas e atualizadas com um custo mensal fixo, funcionando como uma locação, porém com diferenciais significativos que o distingue dos demais. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a criação do serviço Gestão de Frotas e sua respectiva proposta de valor, bem como os impactos de sua implementação nas relações com o cliente e os benefícios gerados para a empresa. Empregou-se como metodologia o estudo de caso único. Os dados foram levantados junto aos principais departamentos da empresa e a análise baseou-se em relatórios internos e entrevistas não estruturadas. O levantamento dos pontos críticos junto ao segmento da construção civil, destacando-se a falta de preocupação com o parque de ferramentas, bem como o desconhecimento dos custos reais envolvidos na aquisição e manutenção do mesmo, levou a empresa a identificar que o pagamento pelo uso e não pela propriedade da ferramenta seria mais eficiente para os clientes. A criação do serviço e sua proposta de valor se basearam na oferta de serviços e não na venda de produtos. O serviço estreitou e fortaleceu o relacionamento com os clientes e proporcionou à empresa ganhos em lucratividade, “market share” e mix de produtos, aumentando a credibilidade da marca no mercado nacional.
La expulsión de extranjeros en el Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos
Authors: Arlettaz Fernando
Published: May 2017

El presente trabajo aborda el tema de la expulsión de extranjeros en el marco del Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos. Se estudian primeramente algunas cuestiones conceptuales sobre la expulsión de extranjeros en general y se analiza la situación global de los extranjeros en el Pacto. Luego se enfoca la expulsión de extranjeros a la luz del Pacto desde un doble ángulo: el de los límites sustantivos a la expulsión que pueden provenir, por ejemplo, de las normas que protegen la vida, la integridad física o la familia y el de las reglas procedimentales que deben respetarse. Para el estudio se recurre a la actividad interpretativa realizada por el Comité de Derechos Humanos, manifestada tanto a través de sus opiniones generales como de sus decisiones ante comunicaciones individuales. Se menciona también el criterio interpretativo de la Corte Internacional de Justicia.
Principios de interpretación de los derechos fundamentales a la luz de la jurisprudencia chilena e internacional
Authors: Aguilar Cavallo Gonzalo
Published: May 2017

La evolución del derecho ha generado el surgimiento de principios de interpretación aplicables a diversas fuentes formales. Así, se han desarrollado principios de interpretación referidos a la ley y luego a la Constitución. La tendencia moderna hacia la materialización del derecho plantea la pregunta acerca de los principios  de interpretación de los derechos fundamentales. Este tipo de interpretación de los derechos fundamentales daría cuenta de un cambio de paradigma, hacia una justicia ma- terial. Nuestro objetivo principal es analizar de qué manera la jurisprudencia —fundamentalmente chilena— acoge algunos de estos principios de interpretación de los derechos fundamentales.
La jurisdicción internacional como condición para el reconocimiento del fallo extranjero, necesidad de una nueva regulación en el ámbito interamericano
Authors: Tellechea Bergman Eduardo
Published: May 2017

El artículo analiza las soluciones consagradas por el derecho internacional privado interamericano en materia de contralor de la jurisdicción internacional como requisito para el reconocimiento de los fallos extranjeros, poniendo énfasis en la necesidad de concretar en el ámbito continental nuevas regulaciones convencionales susceptibles de efectiva aprobación por los Estados, con miras a asegurar la adecuada circulación internacional de las sentencias y la necesaria protección de los derechos de los justiciables.
Libertad de expresión y religión en la cultura liberal de la moralidad cristiana al miedo postsecular
Authors: Vázquez Alonso Víctor J.
Published: May 2017

En el presente trabajo se aborda una cuestión recurrente en las modernas sociedades democráticas, que es la de hasta qué punto la tutela de los sentimientos religiosos puede servir como fundamento para establecer límites a la libertad de expresión dentro de una cultura liberal como es la del constitucionalismo. Para ello, en primer lugar, pondremos como ejemplo el paradigma jurídico de los Estados Unidos, donde desde la década de los años cincuenta la Corte Suprema ha afirmado la protecciónconstitucional bajo la primera enmienda de aquellos discursos que puedan resultar ofensivos para las comunidades religiosas. Posteriormente se analizará, a través del derecho comparado, cómo la tutela de la religión pervive en los ordenamientos jurídicos europeos, si bien ha sufrido una progresiva modificación en su fundamento. Posteriormente, se prestará atención a cómo en las sociedades postmodernas el nuevo blasfemo se sitúa dentro de la comunidad política al mismo tiempo que son las nuevas comunidades religiosas las que demandan protección de sus dogmas o símbolos. Finalmente, este trabajo intentará poner de manifiesto cómo la tutela de creencias o ideas religiosas frente a determinados discursos es incompatible con los presupuestos básicos de la cultura liberal. Para ello, se pondrá atención en la necesidad de diferenciar entre el discurso del odio dirigido contra las personas por razón su pertenencia a una religión y que puede ser objeto de límites, de aquel otro discurso que únicamente cuestiona, parodia o critica creencias o ideas religiosas, el cual no puede quedar al margen del amparo de la libertad de expresión.
La relación entre el sistema de la política y el sistema del derecho en México
Authors: Zamorano Farías Raúl
Published: May 2017

Este trabajo se orienta a problematizar y rastrear la forma de la diferenciación operativa del sistema político y del sistema del derecho en México. Específicamente, se analizan los acoplamientos y prestaciones estructurales entre ambos sistemas, así como las condiciones de posibilidad para su operación, lo cual implica instalar el problema no sólo en la lógica del progreso y desarrollo histórico, sino también en el del proceso evolutivo de la generación y construcción tanto del orden social como de las expectativas que lo orientan y reproducen. Además, se confrontan estas formas de estructuración con los presupuestos de entender la sociedad moderna como sociedad diferenciada por funciones.
Medio ambiente, Constitución y tratados en Chile
Authors: Galdamez Zelada Liliana
Published: May 2017

En materia ambiental, además de un derecho fundamental, la Constitución chilena contiene deberes de protección y una cláusula de restricción de derechos. La configuración normativa de la cuestión ambiental en la Constitución establece una protección fuerte del medio ambiente que, sin embargo, en la práctica ha resultado debilitado. Partiendo de unas características diferentes, algo similar ocurre con los tratados internacionales en materia ambiental.