bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RISKS OF METAL TOXYCOSES FROM THE RECEPTION OF FOOD OF NATURAL ORIGIN IN THE COASTAL LINE OF THE NORTHERN SEAS
Authors: Andreev Vladimir P. , Andriyanov A. I. , Plakhotskaya Z. V.
Published: March 2019

Due to the multifold gain of industrial emissions of heavy metals in the world the danger of the use wild plants and animals in food has increased. Seaweed and shellfish have the high ability to accumulate toxins in their bodies. There is considered the intake of aquatic organisms of the Northern seas with food, taken directly from their habitats. The analysis of available literature data showed that in the conditions of the White and Barents seas, the probability of metal toxicosis seem to be negligible.
HYGIENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MEAT AND ITS SAFETY WHEN HANDLING UNDER HIGH PRESSURE
Authors: Kudryashov L. S. , Tikhonov Sergei L. , Tikhonova N. V. , Poznyakovsky V. M. , Stozhko N. Yu. , Kudryashova O. A.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The aim of the study was the hygienic characteristics of meat treated with high pressure, according to organoleptic and microbiological parameters, the processes of oxidative damage and changes in the chemical composition during storage. Material and methods. For the experiment, a control and experimental group were selected, including 5 samples of beef weighing 500 g from the shoulder meat 48 hours after the slaughter of cattle (black-and-white bulls of 18-months age). The meat was stored at a temperature of +4 C◦. The experimental samples of meat were exposed to the pressure of 800 MPa for 5 min using an experimental hydrostat unit. The research was carried out according to the generally accepted methods. Results. Samples of meat processed by high pressure after 60 days of cold storage were established to meet the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union “On food safety” (TR CU 021/2011). Meat in vacuum film packaging, processed at a pressure of 800 MPa for 5 min., has a detrimental effect on microbial cells, prevents protein breakdown, inhibits the oxidative processes of lipid components. Conclusion. The application of high pressure in meat storage technology helps to increase its shelf life without the use of preservatives.
THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE PREVENTIVE TREATMENT WITH VIBURNUM SARGENTII K. AND ELEUTHEROCOCCUS ON THE COMPOSITION OF FATTY ACIDS IN PHOSPHOLIPID COMPONENTS OF ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES EXPOSED TO INTOXICATION WITH NITRIC OXIDES
Authors: Kushnerova Natalya F. , Momot T. V. , Rakhmanin Yu. A. , Fomenko S. E. , Sprygin V. G. , Drugova E. S. , Merzliakov V. Yu. , Lesnikova L. N.
Published: March 2019

There are presented results of the study of the impact of intoxication with nitrogen oxides on to the fatty acids pattern of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine of erythrocyte membrane in rats. The inhalation exposure with nitrogen oxides was carried out in inoculating chamber with the volume of 100 liters and designed according to the type of chambers by Kurliandsky B.A. with self-cleaning of contained air and regenerating system, specified temperature settings (20-22 °С) and the air humidity (40-60%). Intoxication by nitrogen oxides was performed for 6 minutes with a toxicant concentration of 4.3 mg/cu.m. (MAC in atmospheric air amount to 0.4 mg/m3). Water solutions of dry residue from viburnum extract “Kaliphen” and Eleutherococcus extract (alcohol was anticipatorily removed from preparations by evaporating in a vacuum) were administered daily through the tube intragastrically during 2 weeks in a dosage of 100 mg of total polyphenols per kg of body weight prior to intoxication by nitrogen oxides. The influence of nitrogen oxides was found to be accompanied by the elevation of the level of saturated fatty acids of all kinds and by the decline in unsaturated fatty acids content in the fatty acids pattern of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, the main structural phospholipids of biomembranes. The redistribution of fatty acids in erythrocyte membrane supposes the changes of its physicochemical properties, lability, and the complexity of the erythrocyte passage through the microvascular bed. Herbal polyphenol preparations Kaliphen and Eleutherococcus improved the survival rate of animals under the preventive administration before intoxication with nitrogen oxides. The introduction of extracts before intoxication is accompanied by the pronounced trend to the restoration of the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids of erythrocytes membranes. The preventive administration of Kaliphen before intoxication with nitrogen oxides was supposed to offer more pronounced protection of the fatty acids pattern of phospholipid fractions than those following the introduction of Eleutherococcus. The preventive administration of herbal extracts with polyphenol complexes in its contents under exposure to toxic substances is considered to be a the promising direction for research
APPLICATION OF A RISK-ORIENTED MODEL FOR THE REDISTRIBUTION OF STAFFING RESOURCES OF THE OFFICE OF SERVICE FOR SUPERVISION OF CONSUMER RIGHTS PROTECTION AND HUMAN WELFARE IN THE CITY OF MOSCOW
Authors: Andreeva Elena E.
Published: March 2019

The article shows the classification of the supervised objects of the Office of Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare in the city of Moscow depending on the index of the potential risk for harm to public health in the conditions of the application of the risk-oriented approach. There is considered the possibility of the control and surveillance activities with the redistribution of human resources of the Office of Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare in the city of Moscow with respect to supervised objects 1 and 2 classes of the potential risk for harm to the health of the population on the risk-oriented approach.
EXAMINATION STRESS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS: PREVALENCE CAUSES AND PREVENTION
Authors: Bobrisheva-Pushkina Natalia D. , Kusnetsova L. U. , Popova O. L.
Published: March 2019

There was executed the study including the examination of 833 students of 2-6 courses of the medical University concerning their subjective rating of the stress level on exams, its causes and the measures they used to reduce stress. 26.7% of students noted the high level of stress on examination, there was significantly increased the number of students with low-stress levels in students оf 3-4 courses, boys, and students with good and excellent grades note significantly less a high level of examination stress. The most common manifestations of stress are changes in the cardiovascular system (62% of the students) and autonomic nervous systems (48.6%), these manifestations were significantly less noted in students with good and excellent grades. In the course of training, there was discovered the increase in complaints of the frequent urination, loose stools and discomfort or pain in the abdomen. The main causes of stress at exams, according to students, there are a large amount and difficulty of exam material and the insufficient addressing of examination tasks in the classroom. In the dynamics of training, there is a significant reduction in the number of students who believe early acquaintance with the exam questions to be important, the sufficiency of the time devoted to self-education and an increase in the number of students recognizing it is necessary to reduce the waiting time of the call to the exam. Most popular methods of the reducing examination stress on younger courses are the use of rites, superstitions, and drugs, in the senior years. A growing number of individuals using the techniques of autogenic training was discovered. 49.9% of students do not fight with stress. 63.9% of students consider the introduction of elective subjects of “Prevention and correction of examination stress in students” to be necessary.
CONTROL OF THE POLLUTION OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR UNDER THE USE OF PESTICIDES ON THE BASIS OF TRIAZOLINTION
Authors: Grechina M. S. , Ivchenkova A. A. , Fedorova Nataliia E.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The analytical decision on control of active ingredient of pesticides of a chemical class of a triazolintione - the prothioconazole considered as the system fungicide of the new generation possessing protective, eradicating and medical action in atmospheric air is presented in the article. Material and Methods. The method is based on HPLC with the UV-detector (wavelength of detecting of 213 nm), includes a sampling of the air environment on paper filters “blue film” with a speed of aspiration of 5 l/min. The extraction of a prothioconazole from filters is carried out an acetonitrile. For the concentrating of the extract from filters, there was used the reception of SPE with the application of cartridges on the basis of C18. It is noted that concentrating cannot be executed directly without preliminary dilution of an aliquot of the extract by water in a volume ratio of 1:9. Because of features of this active ingredient, his tendency to degradation for stabilization of the received water solutions amino acid cysteine is used. Results. The linearity of the calibration characteristic is confirmed in the range of concentration of 0.05 - 0.5 µ/ml (correlation coefficient more than 0.999). The lower limit of quantitation of a prothioconazole in the air environment amounts to 0.0025 mg/m3 under the aspiration of 80 L of air that is 8 times lower than the established border level of a prothioconazole in atmospheric air (0.02 mg/m3). The total error of the measurement does not exceed 16%. The developed method was applied for the determination of prothioconazole’ exposure levels in natural conditions in samples of atmospheric air within a sanitary gap taken of processing of spraying of field cultures, preliminary processing of seeds of grain, soy, corn, and potatoes, aircraft processing of field cultures (sunflower).
ASSESSMENT OF BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCE OF CHLOROQUINOLINE DERIVATIVE
Authors: Epishina Tatiana M.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The antidote of chloroquinoline derivative contains in the stuff of selective, post-emergence herbicide of systemic action against a broad spectrum of annual cereals weeds for one-time ground handings of spring and winter weed crops. Cultural cereals are protected by the presence of the antidote chlorhinoline derivative in the preparation. The aim of the study. To investigate the exploring chronic influence of the antidote chloroquinoline derivative in its multiple entering warm-blooded organisms (male rats) for finding out the kind of the biological influence, active and non-active doses, were conducted. Material and methods. White rats were used in the acute experiments (6 animals per group). Doses of 1000-7000 mg/kg were tested. The chronic experiment was executed on 80 rats. Doses of 0.4; 4.0 and 40 mg/kg were tested. The estimation of the animals behavior, food, and water consumption, terms of animals death was fixed, alterations in body weight, physiological, biochemical and hematological indices were registered in the experiment were conducted. Results. The evaluation of general behavior of animals received antidote in dose of 40.0 mg/kg gave such a result as the deviation in such indices as behavior responses and SPP, analysis of hematological and biochemical tests showed the alteration in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism; aminoalkyl metabolism; anaerobic glycolic to take place in animals’organisms. Conclusion. Indices of the acute peroral toxicity of antidote LD50 in male rats, peroral: 4349 ± 840 mg/kg b.w. hazard class - 4 according to hygienic pesticide classification on hazard class (SanPin 1.2.2584-10) were established. 2. Active 40,0 mg/kg and non-active (NOELch) 4,0 mg/kg the dose was established. 3. The admissible day dose (ADD) for a human of 0.04 mg/kg b.w. was justified.
CONTEMPORARY INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN ECOLOGY: PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Druzhilov Sergey A.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The information environment of the society as an integral part of a human habitat is a factor of his health and must comply with safety requirements. As a result of the development of communication technologies on the basis of computer devices and the Internet, there have been significant changes in the information environment of the society and its impact on people. The study of the negative impact of the contemporary information environment on a human cannot be limited to physical and psychophysiological factors. A semantic component of the information itself is significant. Information environment has a negative impact on the cognitive and emotional sphere of his psyche. The object of information influence is the personality. The objective of the paper is to study the formation of the contemporary information and communication environment of the society, the trends in its development, to define its main components and psychological peculiarities. Material and methods. The method of investigation is a comparative analysis of the views of various authors and their theoretical generalization. Results. Based on the analysis of publications, a current understanding of the information and communication environment of the society is presented. The formation of the information environment is connected with the development of technologies and tools for fixing, preserving and transferring social experience. Six stages of the development of the means of the information transferring and preservation in the society are selected. Global informatization of the environment leads to the changes in people’s lives and activities. The picture of the human world, his worldview, his way of life are exposed to the effects of the information traffic. The risk factor is the deterioration of the human adaptation to new conditions. The changes within the individual do not keep up with the rapid changes in technology. Conclusion. In the context of the new information and communication reality the importance of the problems of human ecology was shown to increase. The information environment of a society as an object of the study can be considered in the following aspects: a) as a human habitat; b) as a means of information human activities; c) as a system of communications, including interpersonal ones; d) as an information infrastructure that provides storage, access and use of information arrays.
INTEGRATED APPROACH TO RESEARCH OF INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS OF CONTEMPORARY COMMUNICATION DEVICES ON THE HUMAN BODY
Authors: Yashchenko Svetlana G. , Shibanov S. E. , Rybalko S. Yu. , Grigoriev O. A.
Published: March 2019

To date, the greatest «contribution» to the electromagnetic load experienced by young people is made by modern means of communication, namely mobile phones (MPhs) and personal computers (PCs). Electromagnetic radiation generated by a PC can cause the development of functional disorders and pathological conditions. The possibility of formation of antibodies in the body under the influence of electromagnetic fields (EMF) of the PC is established. The prevalence rate of gestosis and the risk of spontaneous miscarriages are high. At the same time, the exposure dose of 20 hours per week is considered critical. Experimental studies of EMF in the operation of laptops revealed EMF of the microwave range in 25% of cases. A separate problem is the use of mobile communications. In studies conducted on adult volunteers-MPh users, changes in the electroencephalogram were found. Experimental studies in experimental animals have shown that the effect of EMF of MPhs on experimental animals in the embryonic period influences the development of the fetus in the uterus and the subsequent formation of the organism. In adult animals, the reproductive function is impaired: the number of spermatozoa decreases, morphological changes in the testicles appear. In real conditions, EMF from various sources operates on the population. But, as a rule, we consider the danger from one or two sources. The interference of the dangers of these sources is not established taking into account the age and specificity of the subject’s work. At present, the investigation of the complex effect of non-ionizing electromagnetic factors of the external environment on the human body is topical.
THE HYGIENIC SUBSTANTIATION OF THE USE OF SPECIALIZED FOOD PRODUCTS IN THE DIET OF ATHLETES
Authors: Vetrova Olga V. , Rumyantseva L. A. , Istomin A. V.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The article “Hygienic rationale for the use of specialized food products in the diet of athletes” is presented on the issue of the hygienic justification for the use of specialized food products of domestic and foreign production in the nutrition of athletes that promote their adaptive capabilities to physical and neuro-emotional stress and achieving high sports results that must meet hygiene safety requirements and nutritional value established in the Russian Federation by the sanitary rules and regulations and the technical regulations of the Customs Union and EurAsEC. Material and methods. Specialized food products for the nutrition of athletes are allowed for production, storage, transportation, and sale after their state registration on the basis of the results of the hygienic assessment of the quality and safety of products in accordance with existing regulatory documents. Results. The balance of nutrients, the given nutritional and energy value, allowing to carry out the metabolism with maximum directed efficiency, is the main characteristic of the products of sports nutrition. To confirm the effectiveness of protein-carbohydrate products, studies were conducted on the basis of the Moscow Region team of bodybuilding and fitness with the methodological support of the Moscow Bodybuilding Federation and Fitness Federation. Discussion. The hygienic evaluation of specialized products for nutrition of athletes is carried out within the framework of the sanitary and epidemiological expertise for compliance with regulatory requirements for the quality and safety of the current technical regulations of the Customs Union, as well as relevant regulatory legal acts. Conclusion. It is necessary to further improve the regulatory framework governing the production, storage, transportation, sale, quality and safety of specialized food products for athletes; to development a scientific methodology for the risk management in the system of ensuring the safety and quality of food for athletes, including their analysis, identification and evaluation; the conformity of the structure of nutrition and the developed rations to physical and emotional loads of sports activities, the individual physiological characteristics of each athlete and the modes of sports training.
HYGIENIC RATIONING OF MESALAZINE AS SALICYLIC ACID DERIVATIVE
Authors: Gorokhova Larisa G. , Martynova N. A. , Mikhailova N. N.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Hygienic rationing of the content of adverse substances in the air on the basis of an experimental study of their toxicity is aimed at the elaboration and creation of safe working conditions. Material and methods. The toxic properties of the salicylic acid derivative (Mesalazine) have been studied in the experiments on out-bred and linear mice, rats, Guinea pigs, and rabbits kept in standard vivarium conditions and quarantined. In the experiments, various modes (single, repeated, chronic) and ways of exposure (intragastric, inhalation, epicutaneous) were simulated. The average lethal dose (LD50) of Mesalazine and the threshold of a single acute exposure (Limas) were determined; irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes, cumulative and allergenic activity were estimated. In subacute and chronic intake, the main target organs were determined based on the results of biochemical and hematological studies. Results. By the value of the average lethal doses Mesalazine has been established to have to be classified as a substance of the 3rd hazard class (moderately hazardous). There were no significant differences in the species and the gender susceptibility of the animals to Mesalazine: the coefficient of species differences was 2.84; the coefficient of the gender susceptibility was 1.2, which was less than 3 units. In terms of the degree of specific blood damage, Mesalazine belongs to class V (no effect of the selective influence of the drug on the imbalance of various hemoglobin forms). Mesalazine has a weak ability to cumulate, have no irritating effects on the eyes and skin. Skin-resorptive and sensitizing effects were not revealed. Limas under the conditions of dynamic inhalation exposure is set at 30.4 mg/m3. Conclusion. Maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of Mesalazine in the air of the working area as 0.5 mg/m3 is recommended (hazard class II). Compliance with this standard will ensure the health preservation and will eliminate the risk of developing occupational diseases.
TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BENZOPHENONE AS A BASIS OF ITS HYGIENIC NORMALIZATION IN THE AIR OF THE WORKING ZONE
Authors: Martynova Nina A. , Zakharenkov V. V. , Oleshchenko A. M. , Gorokhova L. G.
Published: March 2019

For the purpose of hygienic rationing of benzophenone in the air of the working zone its toxic properties have been studied. DL50 for male rats, male and female mice amounted to 3000, 2000 and 1300 mg/kg, respectively. Benzophenone refers to moderately hazardous substances (hazard class III). The clinical picture of the acute poisoning with this substance was characterized by the low mobility, myorelaxation, shaky gait, breathing loss, weakened response to external stimuli and death on days 1 to 3 after the poisoning. There were no significant differences in the species and gender susceptibility of animals to the substance: coefficients of species differences and gender susceptibility ≈1.5. Benzophenone has an average cumulative capacity: a cumulation factor accounts for 3.2. It does not have a local irritant effect on the skin and skin-resorptive effect. It has a mild irritant effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes. There was no sensitizing effect in benzophenone: the specific leukocyte lysis reaction, the specific agglomeration of leukocytes and the eosinophil content in the blood of the experimental guinea pigs did not differ significantly from the control. After single 4-hour inhalation primers of benzophenone at concentrations of 35.2, 94.6 and 200 mg/m3, there were no violations of the synthetic and enzymatic functions of the liver. The threshold of acute inhalation action is 94.6 mg/ m3 (for decreasing body temperature, increasing the summation threshold and leukocytosis). Approximate safe level of exposure to benzophenone in the air in the working area is 2 mg/m3 (aerosol).
THE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH OF FACTORS OF REFUSAL FROM VACCINATION
Authors: Antonova Natalia A. , Yeritsyan K. Yu.
Published: March 2019

The worldwide reduction of vaccination uptake due to the voluntary refusal by some subpopulations constitutes a significant threat to public health. The study aims to provide systematic description of the factors which influence attitudes or behaviors associated with a vaccination rejection. A systematic review was carried out in 2015 using the Web of Science database. The analysis included English-language articles published from 1980 to 2015 containing the results of original empirical research of the phenomenon of refusal of vaccination. Of the 679 records found 30 publications met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that the determination of non-vaccination is extremely variable. All factors refusal of vaccination discovered in the research were divided into four content blocks: 1) demographics and socioeconomic status; 2) cognitive; 3) behavioral and 4) other factors (a) vaccine-specific, b) health and medical conditions, c) social environment, d) informational influence. The active studying the vaccination refusal as a socio-psychological phenomenon last for about 15 years, the majority of studies performed in the United States and Canada. In more than 5 independent studies there were found links of non-vaccination attitudes or behavior to the following factors: the perceived low vaccine efficacy (cognitive factor); the idea of a high probability of serious side effects of vaccination and general vaccines unsafety (cognitive factor); low level of trust to "official" medicine and public entities (cognitive factor); use of complementary and alternative medicine by family members (behavioral factors). Other potentially important factors found in 5 studies were: low perceived risk of vaccine preventable diseases and the perceived potential harm of vaccination to the immune system of the child (cognitive factors). The systematic review revealed a general underestimation of the social and psychological factors in the study of the phenomenon of non-vaccination and an emphasis on cognitive factors.
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE INDUSTRIAL CITY
Authors: Klepikov Oleg V. , Samoylov S. A. , Ushakov I. B. , Popov V. I. , Kurolap S. A.
Published: March 2019

The aim of the study was a comprehensive analysis of the state of the environment in the industrialized city of Voronezh to justify measures to protect the environment and prevent the morbidity of the population. Material and methods. The study uses materials from the regional information fund for social and hygienic monitoring, which is implemented on the basis of the Federal State Health Care Institution “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region” under the “Environment” section for the last 5 years. The methods of the comprehensive assessment of anthropogenic load on the environment and methods for assessing the health risks of the population due to environmental factors are applied. Results. The anthropogenic load on the environment has been established to be significantly higher in the territories with the predominant negative influence of the industrial sector (Coefficient of complex anthropogenic load (CL = 13.29)) and motor traffic loads (CL = 14.65) relative to the relatively prosperous territory (CL = 7.97). Among the analyzed factors (air pollution, drinking water quality, soil contamination in the residential area, road noise), the leading contribution of the aerotechnogenic factor to the formation of the level of anthropogenic load in the urban area (58.1-58.5%) was determined on the basis of a comprehensive hygienic assessment. An assessment of the health risks of the population showed the priority of the adverse impact of air pollution and road noise on the city residents. According to the degree of carcinogenic danger, the most unfavorable situation is observed in the industrial area near the aircraft plant and the plant for the production of synthetic rubber, where high levels of total individual carcinogenic risk (chrome+6, soot, acrolein, formaldehyde), more than 1∙10-4, less than 1∙10-3, which is classified as a hazardous risk. The unacceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk (HQ>1) in the industrial area is exceeded by 4 out of 14 controlled substances: acrolein, nitric oxide, copper oxide, chromium+6. When assessing the unidirectional effects of substances, an unacceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk (HI>1) was found to be characteristic for the development of the pathology if respiratory, cardiovascular, hemopoietic (blood) and endocrine system. The risk of disrupting the health of the urban population at existing levels of noise from road transport exceeds acceptable values. The highest risk indices for health from the effects of transport noise are characteristic for diseases of the cardiovascular system. As the age (probable duration of the exposure time) increases from 10 to 35 years, the risk level is estimated as average (the risk ranges from 0.051 to 0.342 units), from 40 to 45 years - as high (from 0.352 to 0.591), from 50 to 70 years - as extreme (from 0.607 to 1). The identified problems must be solved in the context of the overall development of the city.
ESTIMATION AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE WASTE TREATMENT
Authors: Stepkin Yu. I. , Gaydukova Ekaterina P.
Published: March 2019

In modern conditions, there are unacceptable risks of harm from exposure to hazardous chemical and biological factors for public health and the environment. The complexity and scale of environmental and hygiene problems that directly or indirectly affect the state of the nation’s health require active action on priority strategically important areas. One, of which is the waste management system, which can cope with the growing volumes and species diversity of waste. The components of the public health risk caused by the formation, accumulation, recycling, and disposal of wastes are the factors of the negative complex impact on the environment during inter-environment migration of pollutants. Solid municipal waste landfills are sources of long-term negative environmental impact due to the receipt of a highly toxic filtrate and biogas containing greenhouse gases and toxic substances. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of chemicals entering the atmospheric air from polygons with an assessment of the health risks. Studies have been conducted for a landfill located near and serving the largest urbanized area in the region. The methodology of risk assessment in accordance with R.2.1.10.1920-04 “Guidelines for the assessment of risk to public health in the impact of chemicals polluting the environment” has been applied. In the course of the study, a list of chemicals entering the atmospheric air during the life cycle and production activities of the landfill was determined based on the evaluation and analytical method. The risk assessment methodology applied in the waste management system allowed calculating of individual carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, as well as hazard indices when exposed to critical organs and systems and to develop further tactics for conducting monitoring in the areas in the zone affected by the test site.
INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY OF ADAPTATION OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF THE JEJUNAL MUCOSAL MEMBRANE UNDER THE CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF PULSES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: Popova Olesia A. , Popov V. I. , Mekhantieva L. E. , Sokolova N. V.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Numerous studies in the field of electromagnetobiology, both theoretical and experimental-practical, show pulsed electromagnetic fields (EMF) to be the most biologically active, out of all the variety of electromagnetic influences. They have the ability to realize their effects indirectly through the critical systems of the body, manifesting themselves on the subcellular and cellular levels, leading to changes in homeostasis, and as a consequence to the disruption of complex regulatory and coordination relationships carried out in the whole organism. At the same time, the similar electromagnetic influences, depending on the initial functional state of the organism, can cause adaptive changes, or act as a stimulus for pronounced stress, as a result of which adaptive-adaptive reactions fail to adapt. Material and methods. In the experiment performed on laboratory male rats, starting from the age of 4 months, there was considered the dynamics of the deviations from the homeostasis condition of the control animals after 5, 7 and 10 months of the exposure to pulses of electromagnetic fields, characterized by the following parameters: density of induced currents of 0.37; 0.7; 0.8; 2.7 kA/m2; frequency of pulses per week, regardless of their fractionality of 50, 100 and 500; duration 15 ÷ 40 nsec Results. Performed adaptometric analysis of the chronodynamics of morphofunctional correlations between the structural elements of the jejunum mucous membrane made it possible to establish a correlation between the cellular populations of the epithelial-connective tissue complex of the intestinal system of the organism, speaking of it as a single system that takes part not only in the regulation of tissue homeostasis but also reflects the real manifestations of individual variability of reactive, dystrophic and adaptive processes depending on the influencing parameters of the electromagnetic factor, the radiation sources, the intensity and duration of the exposure, revealing the various consequences for the irradiated biological object with their compatibility. Conclusion. In the course of processing the results of the experiment, there were also established “amplitude-frequency windows”, previously registered under similar conditions for the effects of EMF parameters and for other highly sensitive body systems, such as nervous and endocrine, manifested by the absence of shifts in relation to the control indices and indicating possible manifestations tolerance and/or adaptation of the studied indices to individual parameters and EMF.
COMPLEX EVALUATION OF CONDITIONS OF LABOR PROCESS OF EMPLOYEES OF TEST LABORATORY CENTERS
Authors: Nenakhov Ivan G. , Stepkin Yu. I. , Mekhanteva L. E.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Laboratory practice is characterized by an increased hardness of the work process. In the research presented, a complex comparative assessment of the working conditions and functional condition of the employees of the laboratory center “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region” was carried out, in which a laboratory information system (LIS) is planned to be introduced into the practice. The assessment of the conditions of the labor process and the functional state of the employees was also carried out in the testing laboratory of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Tambov Region, where the LIS software operates in the regular mode. Material and methods. The study was conducted on 170 specialists of testing laboratory centers. There are given data on the assessment of the hardness and intensity of the labor process of laboratories of different types of activity at workplaces of testing laboratory centers in the Voronezh and Tambov regions. There was performed a clinical examination of specialists of testing laboratory centers on the indications of the cardiovascular system: dynamics of the heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, minute blood volume during the working day. Results. Based on a comparative analysis of the results obtained, conclusions were drawn about the peculiarities of working conditions and performance indices of employees of testing laboratory centers in the dynamics of the working week. Differences in the formation of fatigue in the specialists of laboratories for hygienic and epidemiological profiles of activity among employees of a testing laboratory center, working without an information system introduced into the professional activity, have been observed in the second half of the working day, whereas those working with a laboratory information system the state of the body is correct from the physiological positions. Discussion. The class of labor conditions for specialists in testing laboratory centers, regardless of the profile of activity according to the severity of the work process, was identified as hard work of grade 1 (3.1), the class of working conditions for the intensity of the labor process as a hard work of grade 2 (3.2). Evaluation of the functional state of the body according to the cardiovascular system testifies to a noticeable fatigue in the second half of the working day among specialists working without software and information support. Conclusions. The data obtained as a result of the research made it possible to develop and offer a complex of preventive measures aimed at optimizing working conditions for the introduction into the professional work of personnel of testing laboratory centers. As a result, additions were made to the Instruction on labor protection of specialists of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region.
ENSURING THE SAFETY OF FOOD SYSTEMS BASED ON THE SORPTION PROPERTIES OF COLLAGEN PROTEINS
Authors: Antipova L. V. , Chubirko M. I. , Kulneva N. G. , Storublevtsev Stanislav A.
Published: March 2019

In the course of the experimental part, physicochemical methods of analysis were used to assess the qualitative and quantitative composition of the hydrolyzed form of collagen, as well as a polarographic method for determining the sorption characteristics of the hydrolyzed form of collagen in physiological conditions. In determining alimentary correction properties of products enriched with iodinated collagen hydrolyzate there were carried out experiments on warm-blooded animals under conditions of experimental hypothyroidism. Results and discussion. In the course of the research, conditions similar to the internal environment of the human gastrointestinal tract were simulated according to the following parameters: pH, the concentration of digestive enzymes, internal temperature. The sorption of cations in an acidic medium was found to amount to for lead-0.213, cadmium -0.204, in an alkaline medium: lead-0.246, cadmium-0.224. Data describing the detoxifying effect of collagen hydrolysate in relation to ions of heavy metals in conditions simulating the physiological have shown that the ability to adsorb heavy metals is comparable with plant-characteristic of dietary fibers (cellulose). The possibility of obtaining collagen hydrolysate-iodine complexes resistant to the action of technological factors are studied. The conditions of iodization of the obtained hydrolyzed form of collagen and the loss of iodine in heat treatment were determined. The results of the evaluation of alimentary-corrective properties of collagen-iodine hydrolysate complex used as a prescription component of meat in semi-finished products showed the possibility of elimination of iodine-deficient states in experiments on warm-blooded animals. Conclusion. The sorption effect of the hydrolyzed form of collagen of animal origin against heavy metal cations is proved and a hypothetical model of sorption is proposed. The resulting product of hydrolysis of collagen can be used as a component of food systems, with the binding and excretion of heavy metal ions, as well as an immobilization matrix for the delivery of biologically active substances, such as iodine.
Reformas educacionais e ensino médio na Ditadura Militar: colégios universitários e a crise dos excedentes
Authors: Hollerbach Joana D'Arc Germano
Published: March 2019

Este artigo discute a criação dos colégios universitários em 1960 e as articulações entre o ensino secundário e superior. Tem por objetivo analisar como o país administrou a crise da educação nos anos 1960/70, considerando o contingente de jovens que deixava o ensino secundário e gerava um número de excedentes. Tal situação se agravou na medida em que a demanda por vagas por parte dos estudantes se contrapôs à Reforma Universitária do governo civil-militar, implementada em 1968. As principais fontes utilizadas foram documentos referentes à criação do Colégio Universitário da Universidade Rural do Estado de Minas Gerais (atual Universidade Federal de Viçosa) e a legislação que regulava o ensino secundário e superior. A análise dos documentos teve por base os preceitos da análise de conteúdo. Foram localizados seis colégios universitários, criados a partir da Lei 4.024/61, nas universidades federal de Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Maranhão, Rural de Minas Gerais e Rio Grande do Norte. Desses, o Colégio Universitário da UFV foi o único que permaneceu em atividade mesmo após a proibição imposta pela Lei 5.692/71. Os resultados evidenciaram que, apesar das políticas para o ensino médio durante regime militar restringirem o acesso ao ensino superior, algumas medidas favoreciam uma parcela dos egressos na continuação dos estudos, mantendo a desigualdade histórica e reafirmando a dualidade estrutural da educação.
Filosofia latino-americana e o pragmatismo norte-americano: o pensamento de Vaz Ferreira
Authors: Leyser Kevin Daniel , Lamar Adolfo Ramos
Published: March 2019

Este artigo visa a identificar e descrever o diálogo e as conexões existentes entre o pragmatismo norte americano e a filosofia latino-americana. Deste modo, exploramos especificamente a produção teórica de Carlos Vaz Ferreira, do Uruguai, enfatizando os pontos de contato, de influência e de diálogo com o pragmatismo norte-americano. As intersecções entre o pensamento destes autores apontam para o desenvolvimento de ambas tradições como não sendo isoladas uma da outra. Isto é, é possível constatar, ainda que de maneira limitada, que há pontos de intersecção entre desenvolvimentos lineares na história dessas tradições filosóficas e que estudar estes pontos evidencia que no diálogo entre as tradições de pensamento nas Américas manifesta-se a preocupação, por exemplo, com a experiência vivida prática, o anti-cartesianismo, o falibilismo e o pluralismo. Estas preocupações possibilitam uma contribuição profícua para pensarmos a educação.
Pedro Baptista Matera: das agitações sindicais à fundação da Escola Operaria 1º de Maio
Authors: Silva Pedro Henrique Prado da
Published: March 2019

A escassez de trabalhos no campo da História da Educação sobre as experiências educacionais libertárias e seus precursores é significativa. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a trajetória histórica da Escola Operária 1º de Maio e seu diretor Pedro Matera. Verificamos que o surgimento da Escola 1º de Maio se confunde com a atuação sindical e militante de Pedro Matera, tendo em vista que sua formação contínua nos círculos libertários o motivou a fundá-la, por ora da necessidade de uma classe operária que sofria com os matizes da falta de educação e ensino. Percebemos, também, que a Escola toma similaridade com as experiências de Francisco Ferrer y Guardia, sendo uma das experiências educacionais anarquistas com maior longevidade.
O atualismo Gentiliano e a política de estado: fundamentos da reforma educacional de Giovanni Gentille
Authors: Carmo Jefferson Carriello do , Silva Ivanilson Bezerra da
Published: March 2019

O objetivo do texto é identificar no atualismo filosófico e na concepção de Estado de Giovanni Gentile o fundamento de sua reforma educacional e como esses elementos foram a base para a doutrina fascista de educação no advento do fascismo. O momento dessa análise está posto após o termino da Primeira Guerra Mundial, embora a Itália tenha sido um dos países vencedores, o país passava por uma crise socioeconômica e educacional. A reforma educacional proposta por Gentile foi estruturada por uma política autoritária e imperialista. O Estado surge como a encarnação do sistema escolar sendo o grande educador e centralizador das decisões sobre a educação, devendo afastar as entidades civis do processo educativo não admitindo nenhuma forma de oposição ao seu saber e naquilo que ensinava.
Possibilidades e limites do ensino médio politécnico no Estado no RS (2011-2014)
Authors: Vianna Rafael de Brito , Viegas Moacir Fernando
Published: March 2019

Buscando compreender as concepções que nortearam a formulação e implementação do Ensino Médio Politécnico no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, o artigo pretende discutir as possibilidades e limites dessa política pública educacional, empreendida pelo governo Tarso Genro no período 2011-2014. Para isso, analisamos os documentos oficiais e fizemos entrevistas com professores e gestores, além da realização de grupos focais. Nosso apoio teórico principal foram os estudos do campo trabalho e educação. Buscamos também cotejar nossos resultados com os de pesquisas desenvolvidas sobre o mesmo tema no período de implementação da reforma e anos seguintes, tendo como base os resumos das mesmas. Na análise das entrevistas, privilegiamos a abordagem de duas categorias: organização curricular por áreas do conhecimento e Seminário Integrado. O estudo se justifica pelo amplo alcance e repercussão da reforma do Ensino Médio no RS, atestado pelo grande número de dissertações e teses produzidas no contexto de um ambiente político institucional que gerou expectativas de superação da histórica dualidade desse nível de ensino.
Lengua, lenguaje e identidad cultural en el contexto cubano
Authors: Cruz Juan Carlos Rodríguez , Bezerra Neto Luiz , Bezerra Maria Cristina dos Santos
Published: March 2019

O trabalho trata das categorias de língua, linguagem e identidade cultural intrinsecamente no contexto histórico cubano. Uma análise do sincretismo linguístico cultural hispânico, aruaco e africano, a partir do processo de transculturação ocorrido nos primeiros séculos coloniais. A literatura é valorizada como arte da palavra, através da qual a linguagem desempenha um papel fundamental no pensamento do crioulo, cuja literatura serviu de base para a posterior reafirmação de um cubano, que se expressa tanto em prosa quanto em verso durante os séculos XIX e XX no patriotismo folclore e fogos de artifício, para alcançar o mais avançado do imaginário universal com o Real Maravilhoso.
Myosin Cross-bridge Behaviour in Contracting Muscle – The T1 Curve of Huxley & Simmons (1971) Revisited
Authors: Knupp Carlo , Squire John M.
Published: March 2019

The stiffness of the myosin cross-bridges is a key factor in analysing possible scenarios to explain myosin head changes during force generation in active muscles.  The seminal study of Huxley and Simmons (1971: Nature 233: 533) suggested that most of the observed half-sarcomere instantaneous compliance (=1/stiffness) resides in the myosin heads.    They showed with a so-called T1 plot that, after a very fast release, the half-sarcomere tension reduced to zero after a step size of about 60Å (later with improved experiments reduced to 40Å).   However, later X-ray diffraction studies showed that myosin and actin filaments themselves stretch slightly under tension, which means that most (at least two-thirds) of the half sarcomere compliance comes from the filaments and not from cross-bridges.    Here we have used a different approach, namely to model the compliances in a virtual half sarcomere structure in silico.   We confirm that the T1 curve comes almost entirely from length changes in the myosin and actin filaments, because the calculated cross-bridge stiffness (probably greater than 0.4 pN/Å) is higher than previous studies have suggested.    In the light of this, we present a plausible modified scenario to describe aspects of the myosin cross-bridge cycle in active muscle.   In particular, we suggest that, apart from the filament compliances, most of the cross-bridge contribution to the instantaneous T1 response comes from weakly-bound myosin heads, not myosin heads in strongly attached states.   The strongly attached heads would still contribute to the T1 curve, but only in a very minor way, with a stiffness that we postulate could be around 0.1 pN/Å, a value which would generate a working stroke close to 100 Å from the hydrolysis of one ATP molecule.  The new program can serve as a tool to calculate sarcomere elastic properties for any vertebrate striated muscle once various parameters have been determined (e.g. tension, T1 intercept, temperature, X-ray diffraction spacing results).
A Climatology of Atmospheric Patterns Associated with Red River Valley Blizzards
Authors: Kennedy Aaron , Trellinger Alexander , Grafenauer Thomas , Gust Gregory
Published: March 2019

Stretching along the border of North Dakota and Minnesota, The Red River Valley (RRV) of the North has the highest frequency of reported blizzards within the contiguous United States. Despite the numerous impacts these events have, few systematic studies exist discussing the meteorological properties of blizzards. As a result, forecasting these events and lesser blowing snow events is an ongoing forecast challenge. This study presents a climatology of atmospheric patterns associated with RRV blizzards for the winter seasons of 1979-1980 to 2017-2018. Patterns were identified using subjective and objective techniques using meteorological fields from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). The RRV experiences on average, 2.6 events per year. Blizzard frequency is bimodal with peaks occurring in December and March. The events can largely be typed into four meteorological categories dependent on the forcing that drives the blizzard: Alberta Clippers, Arctic Fronts, Colorado Lows, and Hybrids. Objective classification of these blizzards using a competitive neural network known as the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) demonstrates that gross segregation of the events can be achieved with a small (8-class) map. This implies that objective analysis techniques can be used to identify these events in weather and climate model output that may aid future forecasting and risk assessment projects.