bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les formes affectives et sociales des robots
Authors: DEVILLERS Laurence
Published: February 2021

Les robots capables d’interagir avec nous à la voix vont embarquer des systèmes d’intelligence artificielle, de détection, de raisonnement et de génération de formes d’expressions affectives et sociales qui peuvent nous manipuler. La vie au quotidien avec ces compagnons artificiels présente des bénéfices et des risques éthiques qu’il faut anticiper.
Application de l’intelligence artificielle dans les réseaux de radio cognitive
Authors: BENMAMMAR Badr , AMRAOUI Asma
Published: February 2021

Dans ce chapitre, nous nous intéressons aux techniques de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) qui ont été les plus utilisées dans les trois dernières années dans la radio cognitive (RC). Nous nous intéressons à des métaheuristiques qui n’étaient pas discutées dans les précédents travaux, comme l’algorithme des lucioles, la recherche coucou, l’algorithme de recherche gravitationnel et l’optimisation par essaim de particules. Nous présentons également les travaux récents liés à l’application des autres techniques d’IA dans la RC, à savoir les algorithmes génétiques, les algorithmes de colonies d’abeilles, la logique floue, la théorie des jeux, les réseaux de neurones, les modèles de Markov, les machines à vecteurs de support, le raisonnement à partir de cas, les arbres de décision, les réseaux bayésiens, les systèmes multi-agents et l’apprentissage par renforcement.
Les changements climatiques en Amazonie, une approche multiscalaire
Authors: DUBREUIL Vincent , ARVOR Damien , FUNATSU Beatriz , NÉDÉLEC Vincent , DE MELLO-THÉRY Neli
Published: February 2021

Les changements climatiques observés en Amazonie concernent des échelles variées. Ils dépendent de phénomènes d’échelle large (El Niño) mais aussi de phénomènes régionaux et locaux comme la déforestation et l’urbanisation. Faire la part entre les différents processus n’est pas chose aisée mais leur compréhension est fondamentale pour anticiper les changements futurs et permettre aux populations de s’y adapter.
Persistent residential burning-related primary organic particles during wintertime hazes in North China: insights into their aging and optical changes
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhang Jian , Zhang Yinxiao , Wang Yuanyuan , Xu Liang , Yuan Qi , Liu Dantong , Sun Yele , Fu Pingqing , Shi Zongbo , Li Weijun
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Primary organic aerosols (POAs) are a major component of PM2.5 in winter
polluted air in the North China Plain (NCP), but our understanding of the
atmospheric aging processes of POA particles and the resulting influences on
their optical properties is limited. As part of the Atmospheric Pollution
and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity (APHH-Beijing) program, we
collected airborne particles at an urban site (Beijing) and an upwind rural
site (Gucheng, Hebei province) in the NCP during 13–27 November 2016 for
microscopic analyses. We confirmed that large numbers of light-absorbing
spherical POA (i.e., tarball) and irregular POA particles with high
viscosity were emitted from domestic coal and biomass burning at the
rural site and were further transported to the urban site during regional
wintertime hazes. During the heavily polluted period (PM2.5
> 200 µg m−3), more than 60 % of these
burning-related POA particles were thickly coated with secondary inorganic
aerosols (named as core–shell POA–SIA particles) through the aging process,
suggesting that POA particles can provide surfaces for the heterogeneous
reactions of SO2 and NOx. As a result, during the heavily polluted
period, their average particle-to-core diameter ratios at the rural and
urban sites increased to 1.60 and 1.67, respectively. Interestingly, we
found that the aging process did not change the morphology and sizes of POA
cores, indicating that the burning-related POA particles are quite inert in
the atmosphere and can be transported over long distances. Using Mie theory
we estimated that the absorption capacity of these POA particles was
enhanced by ∼ 1.39 times in the heavily polluted period at the
rural and urban sites due to the “lensing effect” of secondary inorganic
coatings. We highlight that the lensing effect on burning-related POA
particles should be considered in radiative forcing models and authorities should continue to promote clean energy in rural areas to
effectively reduce primary emissions.
Analysis of mobile monitoring data from the
microAeth® MA200 for measuring changes in black
carbon on the roadside in Augsburg
Authors: Liu Xiansheng , Hadiatullah Hadiatullah , Zhang Xun , Hill L. Drew , White Andrew H. A. , Schnelle-Kreis Jürgen , Bendl Jan , Jakobi Gert , Schloter-Hai Brigitte , Zimmermann Ralf
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The portable microAeth® MA200 (MA200) is widely applied for measuring black carbon (BC) in human exposure characterization and mobile air quality monitoring. However, the field lacks information about this instrument's performance under various settings. This study evaluated the real-time performance of the MA200 in an urban area, Augsburg, Germany. Noise reduction and negative value mitigation were explored using different data processing methods: local polynomial regression (LPR), optimized noise reduction averaging (ONA), and centered moving average (CMA) under different interval time (5 s, 10 s, and 30 s). After noise reduction, the data were evaluated and compared by (1) the relative number of negative values; (2) more detailed microenvironmental change information retained after noise reduction; (3) the reduction of the peak values and number of peak samples; (4) more detailed microenvironmental change retained after the background correction. Our results showed that CMA showed a good prospect to analyze the raw BC concentration data in terms of the interval time due to its proportions of negative values and the detail microenvironmental change. Moreover, the CMA method has the highest reduction peak values and the number of peak samples compared to ONA and LPR. Furthermore, after background correction, the CMA treatment results remained more detailed microenvironmental changes in pollutants than others. Therefore, based on a comprehensive comparison, CMA offered a good approach to post-process the raw BC concentration data. These findings provide new insight for the noise reduction approach that applied in mobile monitoring campaign using BC instruments.
Climate controlled root zone parameters show potential to improve
water flux simulations by land surface models
Authors: van Oorschot Fransje , van der Ent Ruud J. , Hrachowitz Markus , Alessandri Andrea
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The root zone storage capacity Sr is the maximum volume of water in the subsurface that can potentially be accessed by vegetation for transpiration. It influences the seasonality of transpiration as well as fast and slow runoff processes. Many studies have shown that Sr is heterogeneous as controlled by local climate conditions, which affect vegetation strategies in sizing their root system able to support plant growth and to prevent water shortages. Root zone parameterization in most land surface models does not account for this climate control on root development, being based on look-up tables that prescribe worldwide the same root zone parameters for each vegetation class. These look-up tables are obtained from measurements of rooting structure that are scarce and hardly representative of the ecosystem scale. The objective of this research is to quantify and evaluate the effects of a climate controlled representation of Sr on the water fluxes modeled by the HTESSEL land surface model. Climate controlled Sr is here estimated with the memory method (MM) in which Sr is derived from the vegetation's memory of past root zone water storage deficits. Sr,MM is estimated for 15 river catchments over Australia across three contrasting climate regions: tropical, temperate and Mediterranean. Suitable representations of Sr,MM are implemented in an improved version of HTESSEL (MD) by accordingly modifying the soil depths to obtain a model Sr-MD that matches Sr,MM in the 15 catchments. In the control version of HTESSEL (CTR), Sr,CTR is larger than Sr,MM in 14 out of 15 catchments. Furthermore, the variability among the individual catchments of Sr,MM (117–722 mm) is considerably larger than of Sr,CTR (491–725 mm) The climate controlled representation of Sr in the MD version results in a significant and consistent improvement of the modeled monthly seasonal climatology (1975–2010) and inter-annual anomalies of river discharge compared with observations. However, the effects on biases in long-term annual mean fluxes are small and mixed. The modeled monthly seasonal climatology of the catchment discharge improved in MD compared to CTR: the correlation with observations increased significantly from 0.84 to 0.90 in tropical catchments, from 0.74 to 0.86 in temperate catchments and from 0.86 to 0.96 in Mediterranean catchments. Correspondingly, the correlations of the inter-annual discharge anomalies improve significantly in MD from 0.74 to 0.78 in tropical catchments, from 0.80 to 0.85 in temperate catchments and from 0.71 to 0.79 in Mediterranean catchments. The results indicate that the use of climate controlled Sr,MM can significantly improve the timing of modeled discharge and, by extension, also evaporation fluxes in land surface models. On the other hand, the method has not shown to significantly reduce long-term climatological model biases over the catchments considered for this study.
NYTEFOX – The NY-Ålesund TurbulencE Fiber Optic eXperiment
investigating the Arctic boundary layer, Svalbard
Authors: Zeller Marie-Louise , Huss Jannis-Michael , Pfister Lena , Lapo Karl E. , Littmann Daniela , Schneider Johann , Schulz Alexander , Thomas Christoph K.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The NY-Ålesund TurbulencE Fiber Optic eXperiment, NYTEFOX, was a field experiment at the Arctic site Ny-Ålesund (11.9° E, 78.9° N) and yielded a unique meteorological data set. These data describe the distribution of heat, airflows, and exchange in the Arctic boundary layer for a period of 14 days from 26 February to 10 March 2020. NYTEFOX is the first field experiment to investigate the heterogeneity of airflow and its transport in temperatures, wind, and kinetic energy in the Arctic environment using the Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensing (FODS) technique for horizontal and vertical observations. FODS air temperature and wind speed were observed at a spatial resolution of 0.127 m and 9 s in time along a horizontal array of 700 m at 1 m height above ground level (agl) and along three 7 m vertical profiles. Ancillary data were collected from three sonic anemometers and an acoustic profiler (miniSodar, SOund Detection And Ranging) yielding turbulent flow statistics and vertical profiles in the lowest 300 m agl, respectively. The observations from this field campaign are publicly available on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4335461) and supplement the data set operationally collected by the Basic Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) meteorological data set at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard.
Particle energy partitioning and transverse diffusion during rarefied
travel on an experimental hillslope
Authors: Williams Sarah G. W. , Furbish David J.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Recent theoretical and experimental work (Furbish et al., 2020a, 2020b) indicates that rarefied particle motions on rough hillslope surfaces are controlled by the balance between gravitational heating of particles due to conversion of potential to kinetic energy and frictional cooling of the particles due to collisions with the surface. Here we elaborate how particle energy is partitioned between kinetic, rotational, and frictional forms during downslope travel using measurements of particle travel distances on a laboratory-scale hillslope, supplemented with high-speed imaging of drop-impact-rebound experiments. The drop-impact-rebound experiments indicate that particle shape has a dominant role in energy conversion during impact with a surface. Relative to spherical and natural rounded particles, angular particles give greater variability in rebound behavior resulting in more effective conversion of translational to rotational energy. The effects of particle shape on energy conversion are especially pronounced on a sloping sand-roughened surface. Angular particles travel shorter distances downslope than rounded particles though travel distance data for both groups are well fit by generalized Pareto distributions. Moreover, particle-surface collisions during downslope motion lead to a transverse random-walk behavior and transverse particle dispersion. Transverse spreading increases with surface slope as there is more available energy to be partitioned into the downslope or transverse directions during collision due to increased gravitational heating. Rounded particles exhibit greater transverse dispersion than angular particles, as less energy is lost during collision with the surface. Because the experimental surface is relatively smooth, this random-walk behavior represents a top-down control on the randomization of particle trajectories due to particle shape, which is in contrast to a bottom-up control on randomization of particle trajectories associated with motions over rough surfaces. Importantly, transverse particle diffusion during downslope motion may contribute to a cross-slope particle flux, and likely contributes to topographic smoothing of irregular hillslope surfaces such as scree slopes.
STEMMUS-UEB v1.0.0: Integrated Modelling of
Snowpack and Soil Mass and Energy Transfer with Three
Levels of Soil Physical Process Complexities
Authors: Yu Lianyu , Zeng Yijian , Su Zhongbo
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Snowpack, as the indispensable component in cold regions, has a profound effect on the hydrology and surface energy conditions through its modification of the surface albedo, roughness, and insulating property. Although the modelling of the snowpack, soil water dynamics, and the coupling of the snowpack and underlying soil layer has been widely reported, the analysis of coupled liquid-vapor-air flow mechanisms considering the snowpack effect was not yet investigated in detail. In this study, we incorporated the snowpack effect (Utah Energy Balance model, UEB) into a common modeling framework (Simultaneous Transfer of Energy, Mass, and Momentum in Unsaturated Soils with Freeze-Thaw, STEMMUS-FT), with various complexities of mass and energy transfer physics (from the basic coupled, to advanced coupled water and heat transfer, and further to the explicit consideration of airflow, termed BCD, ACD, and ACD-air, respectively). We then utilized the in situ observations and numerical experiments to investigate the effect of snowpack on soil moisture and heat transfer with the above-mentioned model complexities. Results indicated that the abrupt increase of surface albedo after precipitation events can be only reproduced by models considering snowpack. The BCD model tended to overestimate the land surface latent heat flux. Such overestimations were largely reduced by ACD and ACD-air models. Compared with the simulation considering snowpack, there is less surface latent heat flux from no-snow simulations due to the neglect of snow sublimation. With coupled models, the enhanced latent heat flux after precipitation events can be sourced from the surface ice sublimation, snow sublimation, and increased surface soil moisture, while the simple BCD model cannot provide the realistic partition of surface latent heat flux. The ACD model, with its physical consideration of vapor flow, thermal effect on water flow, and snowpack, can identify relative contributions of different components (e.g., thermal or isothermal liquid and vapor flow) to the total mass transfer fluxes. With the ACD-air model, the relative contribution of each component (mainly the isothermal liquid and vapor flows) to the mass transfer was significantly altered during the soil thawing period.
Development of adjoint-based ocean state estimation for the
Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas and ice shelf cavities using
MITgcm/ECCO
Authors: Nakayama Yoshihiro , Menemenlis Dimitris , Wang Ou , Zhang Hong , Fenty Ian , Nguyen An T.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The Antarctic coastal ocean is impacting sea level rise, deep-ocean circulation, marine ecosystems, and global carbon cycle. To better describe and understand these processes and their variability, it is necessary to combine the sparse available observations with best-possible numerical descriptions of ocean circulation. In particular, high ice-shelf melting rates in the Amundsen Sea have attracted many observational campaigns and we now have some limited oceanographic data that capture seasonal and interannual variability during the past decade. One method to combine observations with numerical models that can maximize the information extracted from the sparse observations is the adjoint method, as developed and implemented for global ocean state estimation by the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) project. Here, for the first time, we apply the adjoint-model estimation method to a regional configuration of the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas, Antarctica, including explicit representation of sub-ice shelf cavities. We utilize observations available during 2010–2014, including ship-based and seal-tagged CTD measurements, moorings, and satellite sea-ice concentration estimates. After 20 iterations of the adjoint-method minimization algorithm, the cost function, here defined as a sum of weighted model-data difference, is reduced by 65 % relative to the baseline simulation by adjusting initial conditions, atmospheric forcing, and vertical diffusivity. The sea-ice and ocean components of the cost function are reduced by 59 % and 70 %, respectively. Major improvements include better representations of (1) Winter Water (WW) characteristics and (2) intrusions of modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) towards the Pine Island Glacier. Sensitivity experiments show that ~40 % and ~10 % of improvements in sea ice and ocean state, respectively, can be attributed to the adjustment of air temperature and wind. This study is a preliminary demonstration of adjoint-method optimization with explicit representation of ice-shelf cavity circulation. Despite the 65 % cost reduction, substantial model-data discrepancies remain, in particular with annual and interannual variability observed by moorings in front of the Pine Island Ice Shelf. We list a series of possible causes for these residuals, including limitations of the model, the optimization methodology, and observational sampling. In particular, we hypothesize that that residuals could be further reduced if the model could more accurately represent sea ice concentration and coastal polynyas.
Whole soil warming decreases abundance and modifies community
structure of microorganisms in subsoil but not in surface soil
Authors: Zosso Cyrill U. , Ofiti Nicholas O. E. , Soong Jennifer L. , Solly Emily F. , Torn Margaret S. , Huguet Arnaud , Wiesenberg Guido L. B. , Schmidt Michael W. I.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The microbial community composition in subsoils remains understudied and it is largely unknown whether subsoil microorganisms show a similar response to global warming as do microorganisms at the soil surface. Since microorganisms are key drivers of soil organic carbon decomposition, this knowledge gap causes uncertainty in predictions of future carbon cycling in the subsoil carbon pool (>50 % of the soil organic carbon stocks are below 30 cm soil depth). In the Blodgett forest field warming experiment (California, USA) we investigated how +4 °C warming the whole soil profile to 100 cm soil depth for 4.5 years has affected the abundance and community structure of microorganisms. We used proxies for bulk microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and functional microbial groups based on lipid biomarkers, such as phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs). Microbial biomass decreased and community composition changed with depth. Our results show that the concentration of PLFAs decreased with warming in the subsoil (below 30 cm) by 28 % but was not affected in the topsoil. Phospholipid fatty acid concentrations changed in concert with soil organic carbon. The microbial community response to warming was depth dependent. The relative abundance of actinobacteria increased in subsoil, and gram+ bacteria in subsoils adapted their cell-membrane structure to warming induced stress as indicated by the ratio of anteiso to iso PLFAs. Our results show for the first time that subsoil microorganisms can be more affected by warming as compared to topsoil microorganisms. These microbial responses could be explained by the observed decrease in subsoil organic carbon concentration in the warmed plots. A decrease in microbial abundance in warmed subsoils might reduce the magnitude of the respiration response over time. The shift in the subsoil microbial community towards more actinobacteria might disproportionately enhance degradation of previously stable subsoil carbon, as this group is able to metabolize complex carbon sources.
Análisis del prólogo al Libro II de la Historia Francorum de Gregorio de Tours: su sentido programático
Authors: Tovar Paz Francisco Javier
Published: February 2021

El estudio ofrece un análisis del prólogo al Libro II de la Historia Francorum de Gregorio de Tours a partir del proyecto historiográfico que el propio texto propugna. En la alternancia e imbricación entre motivos religiosos, políticos y cronológicos, dicho prólogo aporta las consideraciones estilísticas y de género literario que permiten interpretar la obra en su conjunto a la manera de un vademécum para los monarcas merovingios a la vez que, a partir del Libro de los Reyes del Antiguo Testamento, permite percibir la obra en su conjunto como una continuatio bíblica.
INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE: UMA NOVA ATITUDE DOCENTE
Authors: Haas Celia Maria
Published: February 2021

Este estudo tem como proposição tentar compreender a interdisciplinaridade na prática docente a partir da experiência e dos embates cotidianos vividos na docência e gestão acadêmica da Educação Superior. Os procedimentos metodológicos que nortearam a investigação podem ser definidos como qualitativos, pois perscrutam uma realidade que não pode ser quantificada e responde a questões muito particulares, na tentativa de compreender em pormenor os significados e características situacionais apresentados pelo cotidiano da sala de aula, espaço que nem sempre se submete a medidas quantitativas e que, neste caso, não aceita reduzir-se à operacionalização de variáveis. A interdisciplinaridade aponta para um caminho de ação, do fazer, em que é possível integrar diferentes áreas, contribuindo para a leitura do mundo e de uma nova maneira de produzir conhecimento. Nesse sentido, o texto propõe discutir as seguintes questões: a) O que é interdisciplinaridade? b) existe uma teoria interdisciplinar? c) Quais as possibilidades da interdisciplinaridade na prática? Algumas categorias consideradas fundamentais para a prática interdisciplinar fornecem referências à questão e, partindo do significado da palavra, ampliam a interpretação do seu sentido. Por fim, conclui-se pela possibilidade de vivenciar a interdisciplinaridade, importando falar em práticas, não mais em prática. Desse modo, cumpre destacar o reconhecimento de que a prática interdisciplinar contribui para a docência comprometida com a qualidade do ensino. Portanto, o objetivo é mostrar que a interdisciplinaridade pode questionar não só as práticas tradicionais, mas também as inovadoras.
REAÇÕES DE PROFESSORAS EM CONTEXTOS DE EDUCAÇÃO CONTINUADA
Authors: Sambugari Márcia Regina do Nascimento
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta alguns resultados de uma pesquisa sobre situações de socialização de professoras de 1ª a 4ª séries do Ensino Fundamental durante ações de educação continuada, analisadas com as categorias conceituais habitus e capital cultural, de Pierre Bourdieu. O estudo contou com observação em cursos de formação continuada, questionário e entrevistas. O texto apresenta o percurso teórico-metodológico da pesquisa e explicita tanto a contribuição de estudos sobre educação continuada, formação em serviço, como a perspectiva da socialização profissional do professor, a opção teórica utilizada e a discussão dos dados. As análises apontam que há modos de socialização mais freqüentes e diferentes contextos vivenciados pelas turmas dos cursos como elementos de interferência nas manifestações das professoras. Tais situações didáticas propiciam intensa interação, oportunizando atitudes de aceitação ou de rejeição manifestadas pelas professoras. As atitudes de rejeição não podem ser vistas apenas como manutenção do habitus pelas professoras, mas também como estratégias de luta por elas utilizadas para manutenção de seu capital simbólico. As atitudes de aceitação podem ser entendidas como possibilidades de reestruturação do habitus e ampliação do capital cultural. Com esse estudo buscou-se contribuir com novas perspectivas interpretativas para a educação continuada, pautadas na realidade do educador, nas características da escola, na valorização da experiência e na compreensão da coletividade.
RAZÕES DA RAZÃO DIDÁTICA: HIPÓTESES PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DE UMA DIDÁTICA ESCOLAR CRÍTICA - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/OlharProfr.v.11i1.011021
Authors: Rays Oswaldo Alonso
Published: February 2021

Neste texto, apresentam-se algumas hipótesescom as quais se pretende contribuir para a redefiniçãodos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da didática. Asugestão é de um ideário político-pedagógico comprometidoem fortalecer os papéis que educadores e educandosassumem em ambientes socioeducativos específicos.Propõe-se para discussão um dos caminhos possíveis paraa transformação da ordem estabelecida pela concepçãoneoliberalista da teoria didática e suas repercussões naspráticas de ensino. Trata-se de hipóteses didáticas paraa superação da dualidade entre o pólo teórico e o póloprático do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, em razãodestes se constituírem reciprocamente.
PROFESSORES, ALUNOS E SUAS FAMÍLIAS: UMA ANÁLISE DA ESCOLA A PARTIR DE IDÉIAS DE BASIL BERNSTEIN - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/OlharProfr.v.11i1.043062
Authors: Freund Cristina Spolidoro
Published: February 2021

Pretende-se, neste artigo, articular a pedagogia visível e invisível e conceitos sobre a escola, de Bernstein, a questões levantadas por Nogueira (1998) e Resende (2006) sobre a escolha de escolas pelos pais e a relação família e escola, e refletidas por Contreras (2002) e Cortesão (2006) sobre a atuação docente. Na primeira parte, apresentando conceitos de pedagogia visível e invisível de Bernstein (1984), o trabalho aborda as mudanças nas demandas de famílias de determinados segmentos de classe média, comparando-as às demandas de outras frações da sociedade. Mostra que famílias entram em conflito com suas próprias idéias a respeito da escolarização dos filhos, utilizando os conceitos de Bernstein sobre pedagogias visível e invisível e as implicações da busca de uma nova propriedade como posse de habilidades valorizadas e disponibilizadas nas instituições educacionais ao longo da escolarização. O texto aborda as diferentes manifestações desse conflito na escola. Num segundo momento, apresenta conceitos sobre a escola, de Bernstein (1996), relacionando-os aos anteriores e apresentando sugestões para que os professores lidem com as demandas atuais em relação à escola e com as pressões geradas pela visão de educação enquanto mercado, de forma a procurar não coolaborar para o aumento das desigualdades sociais, trazendo as contribuições de Contreras (2002), Cortesão (2006), Canário (2005) e Mainardes (2007). A autora apontará o uso de práticas pedagógicas mistas na sala de aula e o conceito de professor como investigador-social-crítico como possíveis contribuições para a construção de uma escola democrática.
UNA MIRADA CRÍTICA A LA FUNCIÓN ASESORA DESDE LOS SERVICIOS DE APOYO EXTERNO. RECORRIDO Y PROSPECTIVA - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/OlharProfr.v.11i1.063080
Authors: Segovia Jesús Domingo , Rivero Víctor Hernández
Published: February 2021

Diante da mudança em educação, professores e escolas se vêem submetidos a uma alavanche de novos desafios, responsabilidades e exigências. Estes podem atuar tanto com elementos dinamizadores de autonomia curricular e capacidade profissional, ou como escudo ou véu que oculta em projetos artificiosos, instigados e inspirados externamente o que realmente ocorre e é importante nas salas de aula. Não vale qualquer mudança, o essencial da melhora em educação são as boas aprendizagens de todos os estudantes. E isso com bons professore e boas escolas, para o que é vital estimular e apoiar os processos orientados de melhora. Mas não se pode apoiar a mudança sem considerar as lições aprendidas no caminho. A partir dessa ótica, o artigo revisa o sistema de apoio, extrai conclusões e implicações sobre a prática profissional. E conclui oferecendo uma proposta viável do que deveria ser um bom assessoramento.
OS PROFISSIONAIS DA EDUCAÇÃO DE ONGS: UMA NOVA CATEGORIA DOCENTE?
Authors: De Almeida Cíntia Pereira Dozono
Published: February 2021

O objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender a tipologia do quadro de recursos humanos que compõem as ONGs envolvidas com a causa educativa, nesse início de século XXI, no Brasil. Ante a ausência de pesquisas próprias para essas organizações, estabeleceu-se como referência conceitual as discussões, trazidas pelo tema de formação de professores e pelo trabalho docente, relativas à educação escolar. Diante disso, a questão que se coloca, tendo em mente o cenário maior da educação nacional, é de teor comparativo: os profissionais da educação de ONGs podem ser considerados uma nova categoria docente? A partir das premissas da educação como um processo amplo – que extrapola limites institucionais – e do reconhecimento das ONGs como uma nova tipologia de agentes educacionais brasileiros, discute-se a qualidade do trabalho educativo desenvolvido por duas delas:a Ação Educativa e o Projeto EmCantar. Dentre as diversas atividades observadas, depoimentos recolhidos e relatos desenvolvidos no período de pesquisa de campo junto às organizações, selecionou-se para a presente análise aquelas relativas à temática da formação de seus trabalhadores como uma nova categoria profissional. A conclusão que se infere, ao final da presente pesquisa, é sobre um novo tempo para a educação nacional: tempo de parcerias e de cooperação.
Pensamento educacional brasileiro em Portugal: Paulo Freire na formação de professores e em publicações acadêmico-científicas
Authors: Siems Maria Edith Romano , Mogarro Maria João
Published: February 2021

he study presented here sought to understand the presence of Brazilian educational thought in Portugal in teacher education courses and in the scientific production of educational journals. We adopted documentary research as methodological procedures, analyzing the curricular units of undergraduate and master's degrees in teaching at Portuguese universities, as well as scientific articles published in the period from 2006 to 2019 in periodicals also linked to Portuguese universities. We take as theoretical references the studies of Roger Chartier on circulation and appropriation of cultural models and pedagogical knowledge and the studies of Pierre Bourdieu when discussing the notions of cultural production field and the interpretation processes generated in the relationship with external powers and influences. The results point to the significant presence of Paulo Freire’s bibliographic production and appropriation of his philosophical, sociological and pedagogical conceptions in the Portuguese context.
Pensamento/ação freiriano: pistas para uma epistemologia descolonial que cimente uma Ecologia Humana contra-hegemônica
Authors: Gonçalves Maria Elizabeth Souza , Bomfim Luciano Sergio Ventin
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to analyze the contributions of the Freirean thinking/action in the construction of a decolonial epistemology that orients a Latin-American Human Ecology of counter-hegemonic inclination. Through a literature review of the Freirean production and the Latin-American intellectuals of the Human Ecology, it was done the interlocution of knowledge and perspectives, resulting to announce Paulo Freire as a classic in the genealogy of decolonial thinking and in the reinforcing of a Human Ecology engaged with social, cognitive and environmental justice, signaling emancipatory processes coming from different fronts of struggle, in such a special historical time of rise of oppressions articulated by capitalism with patriarchy and colonialism.
O que a produção científica tem a nos dizer? Avanços, lacunas e novas perspectivas para as pesquisas sobre Jornalismo e Gênero
Authors: Massuchin Michele , Quesada Tavares Camilla , Almeida Silva Gabriela
Published: February 2021

This article presents a mapofarea, identifying gaps, advances and new perspectives of journalism and gender studies. To this, we discuss the different approaches foundedin 186 publications of qualified academic journals. Among the observed characteristics,we havetheobject, type of study, methodand technique of research,the approach, the temporallineand the distributionby scientificjournals. Theresearch, with these variables,contributes tounderstandand to presentsa panoramaofthis area.The results indicate thefocus on the message, use of the qualitative approach andcontent analysisand the longitudinal advance of the publications. On the other hand, its necessary to emphasizethe process of production and reception from other methodological approaches.
A procura pela libertação em Exodus: a dimensão trágica do deslocamento de refugiados nas imagens de Mauricio Lima
Authors: Ávila Janayna
Published: February 2021

This article reflects on the issue of the refugees from four photographs of the series Exodus by Brazilian photographer Mauricio Lima, published on the North American newspaper The New York Times and Pulitzer winner in 2016. Its main objective is to analyze the boundaries between the duty of contemporary photojournalism and the obtainmentof images of refugees. For that, we used as theoretical reference reflections proposed by Appadurai, Bauman, Martínez, Sontag, Shore, Rouillé and Zanforlin. Methodologically, we worked with qualitative research and case study from the analysis of the images and bibliographic research. As a result, it is considered that Lima’s images bring original expressive dimension and seek personal interactions to build profound narratives.
STUDY OF SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND RELATED ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA IN PERSONS TRAINING FOR MARINE PROFESSIONALS
Authors:   Department of Disaster medicine and marine medicine, Medical University - Varna, Bulgaria., Stavrev Dimitar , Nikolova Piareta ,   Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University - Varna, Bulgaria., Doncheva Dobrinka ,   Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University - Varna, Bulgaria., Raynova Velislava ,   Student - Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Varna, Bulgaria.
Published: February 2021

The normal functioning of the respiratory system is a leading factor, both for the survival of people caught in an aquatic environment in a marine casualty and for the effectiveness of the assistance activities. In view of this, in 2020 a team of researchers from Varna Medical University, the Naval Academy Varna and the Bulgarian Red Cross set out to study some physiological respiratory parameters and related anthropometric data of 51 individuals, 41 men and 10 women aged between 17 and 48 years of age. The subjects were divided into two groups: 1) trainees in the water rescue courses conducted at BRC-Varna and 2) 1st - year students of the Naval Academy. All participants in the study are non-smokers. The examination of the respiratory indicators is performed according to a standardized methodology with the same spirometer, which is able to measure and register over 30 indicators. Of these, three were analyzed in the present study: forced expiratory volume for 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and their FEV1/FVC percentage (Tiffeneau index). The results show that, according to anthropometric data, FVC and FEV1 are higher in water rescue trainees than in Naval Academy cadets. The Tiffeneau index is higher than the reference values ​​of the participants in both study groups, but the results are better in the group of naval cadets. As far as the functional capabilities of the respiratory system are essential for the activity of marine professionals, it can be assumed that the high results obtained from the spirometric examination of the participants from both groups are a prerequisite for higher efficiency of rescue operations and improvement of their personal safety. when working in a marine environment. The prospect is that after collecting a statistically significant amount of data combined with results obtained from other types of functional tests, to create better safety practices for people who are professionally engaged in maritime activities. As far as the functional capabilities of the respiratory system are essential for the activity of marine professionals, it can be assumed that the high results of the spirometric study in all study participants are a prerequisite for improving both their personal safety when working in the marine environment and for higher efficiency and success of rescue operations. The perspective is, after collecting a statistically significant volume of data and in combination with other functional studies, to create good practices to improve the safety systems of people in contact with the marine environment .
How Predictive Is the Match Between Children’s Emergent Literacy Skills With Maternal Reading Proficiency From Early Childhood Education to Literacy Skills Acquisition in Primary Five? Evidence From Ghana
Authors: Ntim Stephen
Published: February 2021

This longitudinal study investigated the predictive power of the match between home literary practices, especially maternal reading proficiency and children’s emergent literacy skills at preschool, and how these implicate children’s literacy acquisition at primary five. Using stratified random purposive sampling of two hundred and fifty two (252) participants, comprising one hundred and twenty mothers, one hundred and twenty kindergarten children, and twelve kindergarten teachers responses measured using multiple linear regression models, the following were the major findings: a) parental education especially that of the mother was the most significant factor; b) phonological and morphological awareness during preschool at age 4 mediated causal connection to early family socioeconomic status and children’s ability at age 11 on character recognition; c) children’s vocabulary acquisition at age 4 mediated a correlation between early family factors such as mother’s socioeconomic status and mother-child reading tuition at home and how fluent children can read at age 11. The conclusion of this study is that it difficult to significantly improve early family environmental factors of some children, nevertheless, designing classroom intervention for disadvantaged children on cognitive and linguistic skills is feasible and possible to compensate for environmental disadvantage.
A seção de plantas medicinais na Exposição Agrícola e Industrial de Goiás (1866)
Authors: Roberto Ferraro Mário
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma listagem as plantas medicinais plantadas ou consumidas em Goiás e exibidas na Exposição Agrícola e Industrial da província de Goiás realizada em 1866 e mostrar suas indicações terapêuticas. No evento, foram apresentadas 68 espécies diferentes de plantas provenientes de diversas regiões da província, mas nehuma delas era cultivada e comercializada em escala comercial, exceto da mamona (Rícino communis), mas não foram exibidos preparados farmacêuticos. Boticários, médicos e naturalistas não participaram da organização da exposição e nem da elaboração do catálogo. Assim, cabe perguntar: quais as fontes do saber médico que inspiraram a elaboração do catálogo? Várias matérias médicas foram consultadas e não foi possível identificar em qual delas os autores se inspiraram. Concluiu-se que, possivelmente, o uso dessas plantas era baseado em saberes tradicionais dos povos indígenas, dos padres e dos primeiros colonos europeus da região.
O estigma da sífilis: Bahia, 1920-1930
Authors: Dos Santos Batista Ricardo
Published: February 2021

este texto tem como objetivo analisar as representações sobre a sífilis na Bahia, entre 1920 e 1930, com o intuito de compreender os elementos que contribuíram para construção e disseminação de um estigma sobre a doença. São utilizados como fontes textos médicos como a Gazeta médica da Bahia e as teses da Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, além de jornais e relatórios médicos. Compreende-se que os ideias eugênicos, as concepções de deformidade e de monstruosidade foram elementos fundamentais nas representações analisadas.
Research into Corner L Separable Assemblies in Storage Furniture
Authors: Župčić Ivica , Žulj Ivan , Kamerman Igor , Grbac Ivica , Vlaović Zoran
Published: February 2021

This research is based on the testing of the impact of the board (particleboard and medium density fiberboard (MDF)) and hardware type used to connect the sides and the bottom or top of the storage furniture on the joint strength. The hardwares of the following trade mark were used: the confirmat screw, Minifix, Maxifix, Stablofix, RV and Solo 32. Such hardwares make it possible to disassemble the furniture as well as to assemble it (when moving the furniture) without reducing joint strength when reassembling it due to wear and tear on the material (with the exception of the confirmant screw). Research results showed that assemblies with the Maxifix hardware installed in the MDF base exhibited the highest values of bending moment (the average bending moment of 85.88 Nm). On the other hand, assemblies with the Minifix hardware installed in the particleboard exhibited the lowest values of bending moment (over three times lower than the Maxifix) (the average bending moment of 24.50 Nm). Assemblies with the confirmat screw exhibited satisfactory results, although, aesthetic requirements seem to be the main problem here (the average bending moment of 40.38 Nm for the particleboard and of 64.24 Nm for the MDF).
The Safety of TheVegan Diet During Pregnancy
Authors: Miedziaszczyk Miłosz , Ciabach Patrycja , Grześkowiak Edmund , Szałek Edyta
Published: February 2021

There is an increasing number of people who go vegetarian. Some young parents also switch to this diet. The safety of vegetarian diets, especially ve-gan diets, is very important, especially during pregnancy. Unfortunately, reference publications do not provide coherent data on the safety of vegetar-ian diets during pregnancy. On the one hand, the vegan diet has advantages because it reduces the risk of heart disease and gestational diabetes. On the other hand, vegetarians/vegans should be aware of potential deficiencies of some nutrients (iron, zinc, vitamin B12, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, cal-cium, iodine) and the clinical consequences for the foetus. For example, iron deficiency may affect cognitive abilities, behaviour, intelligence and increase the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight of infants. Plant food contains non-haem iron with variable absorption. Therefore, the vegan diet should include nutrients increasing the bioavailability of iron, e.g. ascorbic acid, carotene and retinol. Due to the fact that animal food is the main source of vitamin B12, vegans are at very high risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, which will affect the infant’s weight at birth. Low level of vitamin D, which is prevalent in animal food, is the most common deficiency among vegans and lacto-ovo vegetarians. This vitamin prevents gestational diabetes, reduces insulin resistance and guarantees normal function of the musculoskeletal system. Zinc deficiency during pregnancy may lead to preterm birth, neural tube defects or even miscarriage. In view of the clinical consequences of po-tential deficiencies of nutrients, the vegetarian/vegan diet should be well balanced.
Publication trends in research on particulate matter and health impact over a 10-year period: 2009–2018
Authors: Lee Jae-Eun , Lim Hyun Joung , Kim Young-Youl
Published: February 2021

Exposure to ambient particulate matter is a major health risk factor for numerous diseases, including those of the cardiovascular and respiratory varieties. The aim of this study was to estimate the latest global research activities regarding particulate matter and health impact. We performed a bibliometric analysis of this field’s scientific publication trends over a decade (2009–2018). Publications were retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science databases using the search terms “particulate matter,” “fine particulate matter,” “health impact,” and their synonyms. The literature on health impact in the research fields of particulate matter (PM10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) trended to significantly increase over the decade in consideration. It appears to have been led by researchers of the United States and China. Worldwide research on particulate matter and health effects has focused primarily on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The precursors to and components of particulate matter (such as nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, sulfur dioxide, and black carbon) were also popular research topics in this field. Research on children, older adults, and pregnant women, who are most vulnerable to the health effects of air pollution, has increased dramatically over the past 10 years. Our findings provide the information necessary to predict unmet research topics and future research needs.
Correlation between in vitro fertilization and artificial insemination in Holstein bulls
Authors: Sun Wei , Li Yunxia , Su Jie , Bao Xiangnan , Ding Rui , Zhao Gaoping , Cao Guifang , Hu Shuxiang , Wang Jianguo , Sun Qingyuan , Yu Haiquan , Li Xihe
Published: February 2021

Objective: Owing to the lack of a breeding index for efficient and quick fertility evaluations of Holstein bulls when using traditional or genome-wide detection methods, this study aimed to determine whether in vitro fertilization (IVF) could be used as an indicator of conception rate of artificial insemination (AI).Methods: Conventional and sexed frozen semen from nine bulls were used for IVF and AI.Results: The IVF and AI conception rates of each bull were confirmed to be positively correlated between the conventional frozen and sexed frozen semen. The correlation coefficient R values of nine bulls between IVF and AI methods were 0.73 and 0.97 for the conventional frozen and sexed frozen semen, respectively. The average conception rate of three bulls undergoing AI was 69.5% and 64.2%, 61.8% and 58.8%, and 48.2% and 46.2% in first-, second-, and third-born cows when conventional frozen and sexed frozen semen were used, respectively, which showed a positive correlation with the fertilization rate in the same parity. We propose an evaluation standard to assess the fertilization ability of bulls based on their IVF test results, which is categorized into three grades: grade one, normal fertility bull with an AI conception rate of 40%±5% and IVF rate of 45% to 60%; grade two, higher fertility bull with an AI conception rate of 50%±5% and IVF rate of 61% to 80%; and grade three, highest fertility bull with an AI conception rate of 60%±5% and IVF rate of >80%.Conclusion: These findings reveal that IVF results can be used as a breeding index for bulls to evaluate their AI conception ability, which may shorten the time required to select bulls for breeding.