bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOA adoption in e-banking
Authors: Basias Nikolaos , Themistocleous Marinos , Morabito Vicenzo
Published: September 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze influential factors of service-oriented architecture (SOA) adoption in e-banking and to provide a methodological framework that explains these factors. One of the main reasons why banks fail to achieve the benefits from SOA adoption is attributed to the lack of a framework that takes multiple perspectives of crucial factors into account. For this reason, the absence of such a methodological framework forms an important research problem that requires deeper investigation. In addressing this issue the paper proposes a framework that improves the decision-making process and helps banks raising SOA adoption benefits.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper is based on a critical review and analysis of the normative literature, the development of a conceptual framework for SOA adoption in e-banking and the examination of this through a case study in a real environment. Various data collection methods such as personal interview, archival records, documentation and observation are used. Empirical data are triangulated and then analyzed to draw empirical conclusions.

Findings

– Several factors and classifications of factors related to SOA adoption are not similar among researchers and there is no completed study on analyzing the influential factors related to SOA adoption in e-banking. The findings provide new insights related to influential factors of SOA adoption in e-banking and extend the body of knowledge. The findings show that the proposed framework can improve the decision-making process and help banks to increase the SOA adoption benefits in an e-banking environment.

Originality/value

– An earlier version of the paper was presented at the European, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems 2012 and has been selected for publishing in theJournal of Enterprise Information Management. This paper adds a new dimension to existing SOA frameworks by investigating influential factors of SOA adoption in e-banking where limited research has been done, facilitates banks in making robust decisions for SOA adoption in e-banking and enriches the bibliography related to SOA adoption in e-banking.
Resource Taxation and Remote Aboriginal Expenditure
Authors: Blackwell Boyd , Dollery Brian
Published: September 2013

Resource taxation is a key concern for resource‐rich nations. An especially thorny public policy question revolves around how resource taxation translates into benefits for affected communities in which resource extraction occurs. This article considers the international and Australian experience with mineral resource taxes, the types of taxes employed, how they are collected and disbursed, and the extent to which they benefit regional and remote communities. It is argued that direct payments from mining companies to affected communities represent the most efficient form of transfer. However, payments alone will not improve the wellbeing of remote communities, which also require good governance and abundant transparency.
An Investigation of Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on Single Crystal Surfaces and a Dense Array of Cylindrical Cavities
Authors: Bon Bradley , Klausner James , McKenna Edward
Published: September 2013

The pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of smooth single crystal and densely packed cylindrical cavity surfaces were investigated using two highly wetting fluids, perfluoro-n-hexane (FC-72) and n-hexane. Three single crystal copper surfaces and five undoped single crystal silicon surfaces with different plane orientations were considered. In addition, silicon surfaces with densely packed cylindrical cavities with diameters ranging from 9 to 75 μm, depth ranging from 9 to 20 μm, and spacing ranging from 75 to 600 μm were tested for comparison. It is observed that the copper single crystal surfaces show increasing heat transfer coefficient with decreasing atomic planar density. The single crystal silicon surfaces show increasing heat transfer coefficient with increasing atomic planar density. Plausible molecular scale mechanisms are discussed. In contrast, the silicon surfaces seeded with cylindrical cavities having diameters of 27 μm or less generally yield higher heat transfer coefficients than the single crystal silicon surfaces. A decrease in the cavity spacing results in a larger number of cavities on the surface, and the heat transfer coefficient increases as a result. Cavity depths of 6 and 20 μm result in the same heat transfer coefficient irrespective of cavity diameter. The nucleation site density for the cylindrical cavity surfaces is measured and reported at low superheat using a novel imaging technique.
Forced Convection Past a Rotating Sphere: Modeling Oxygen Transport to a Pond Snail Embryo
Authors: Nield D. A. , Kuznetsov A. V.
Published: September 2013

Helisoma trivolvis pond snail embryos are known for their rotation, which is induced by beating of cilia at the embryo's surface. A common hypothesis links this behavior to enhancing oxygen transfer to the embryo's surface. In this paper, this hypothesis is quantified, and the effect of the rotation on the supply of oxygen to an embryo, which is approximately spherical in shape, is studied. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research presenting a quantitative study on the effect of an embryo's rotation on facilitating gaseous exchange between the embryo and the environment.
A Particle Image Velocimetry-Based Investigation of the Flow Field in an Oblique Jet Impingement Configuration
Authors: Schulz Sebastian , Schueren Simon , Wolfersdorf Jens von
Published: September 2013

Impinging jets have become an indispensable measure for cooling applications in gas turbine technology. The present study seeks to explore the flow field dynamics inside an enigine-relevant cooling passage of trapezoidal cross-section. The investigated geometry produces a highly complex flow field which was investigated employing particle image velocimetry (PIV). The experiments were accompanied by numerical simulations solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with FLUENT using the low-Re k-ω-SST (shear stress transport) turbulence model. Additionally, time-resolved pressure measurements were performed utilizing Kulite pressure transducers. The spectral analysis of the transient pressure signal in conjunction with a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis of the PIV data allows for a detailed insight into the effects of geometric constraints on the fluid dynamic processes inside the geometry. The results are presented for a jet Reynolds number of 45,000 and display a qualitatively fair agreement between the experiments and numerical simulations. Nevertheless, the simulations predict flow features in particular regions of the geometry that are absent in the experiments. Despite the lack of conspicuous high energy modes, the flow was well suited for a POD analysis. Depending on the considered PIV plane, it could be shown that up to 25% of the flow field's total turbulent energy is contained in the first ten POD modes. Additionally, using the first 20 to 60 POD modes sufficed to reconstruct the flow fields with its governing features.
Product-to-Parent Reversion of Trenbolone: Unrecognized Risks for Endocrine Disruption
Authors: Qu Shen , Kolodziej Edward P. , Long Sarah A. , Gloer James B. , Patterson Eric V. , Baltrusaitis Jonas , Jones Gerrad D. , Benchetler Peter V. , Cole Emily A. , Kimbrough Kaitlin C. , Tarnoff Matthew D. , Cwiertny David M.
Published: September 2013

Return of the Steroid

Trace levels of organic contaminants enter aquatic ecosystems from a variety of sources, including runoff of from agricultural lands. When these compounds and their metabolites break down, it is generally assumed that they become inert and pose less ecological risk.

Qu
et al.

(p.
347
, published online 26 September) tracked the sunlight-mediated transformation of metabolites of trenbolone acetate (TBA)—a common growth-promoting steroid given to beef cattle—across a number of conditions in the laboratory and in the field. When the degradation products were exposed to dark conditions following photodegradation, they surprisingly reverted back to TBA metabolites, including analog steroidal compounds similar to TBA with unknown biological effects.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Feline Astrovirus from a Domestic Cat in Hong Kong
Authors: Lau Susanna K. P. , Woo Patrick C. Y. , Yip Cyril C. Y. , Bai Ru , Wu Ying , Tse Herman , Yuen Kwok-yung
Published: September 2013

We report the first complete genome sequence of a feline astrovirus (FAstV), FAstV2 strain 1637F, identified from a domestic cat. The genome is 6,779 nucleotides (nt) in length and consists of three overlapping open reading frames (ORF1a-ORF1b-ORF2). Sequence analysis suggests that FAstV2 represents a new FAstV genotype that is closely related to human astroviruses.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Micromonospora
Strain L5, a Potential Plant-Growth-Regulating Actinomycete, Originally Isolated from
Casuarina equisetifolia
Root Nodules
Authors: Hirsch Ann M. , Alvarado Johana , Bruce David , Chertkov Olga , De Hoff Peter L. , Detter John C. , Fujishige Nancy A. , Goodwin Lynne A. , Han James , Han Shunsheng , Ivanova Natalia , Land Miriam L. , Lum Michelle R. , Milani-Nejad Nima , Nolan Matt , Pati Amrita , Pitluck Sam , Tran Stephen S. , Woyke Tanja , Valdés Maria
Published: September 2013

Micromonospora
species live in diverse environments and exhibit a broad range of functions, including antibiotic production, biocontrol, and degradation of complex polysaccharides. To learn more about these versatile actinomycetes, we sequenced the genome of strain L5, originally isolated from root nodules of an actinorhizal plant growing in Mexico.
Drinking-induced bradyarrhythmias and cerebral injury in Dahl salt-sensitive rats with sinoaortic denervation
Authors: Abe Chikara , Morita Hironobu
Published: September 2013

We have demonstrated that a drinking-induced pressor response was larger if the baroreflex did not operate, and the mean arterial pressure reached 163 mmHg in conscious rats with sinoaortic denervation (SAD). Thus we hypothesized that a drinking behavior became a cardiovascular risk factor if a basal arterial pressure was high. To clarify this, we analyzed the occurrence of arrhythmias and the accumulation of microglia in Dahl salt-sensitive rats (Dahl S) with SAD. We maintained Dahl S and Dahl salt-resistant rats (Dahl R) with a high-sodium diet for 5 weeks. After SAD surgery, we measured arterial pressure and electrocardiogram during water-drinking behavior in all rats. Furthermore, we measured tumor necrosis factor-α concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and microglial accumulations around the third and fourth ventricles in rats with programmed drinking at a rapid or slow rate for 7 days. Incidences of drinking-induced bradyarrhythmias and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) were significantly larger in Dahl S than Dahl R rats. Both bradyarrhythmias and PVCs were completely abolished by atropine administration. Accumulations of microglia around the third ventricle and increases in TNF-α in the CSF were observed in rats that drank water at a rapid rate; these were not seen in rats that drank water slowly. In conclusion, both cardiovascular events and cerebral injury may be increased by drinking in Dahl S rats with SAD. These risks are reduced by modifying drinking behavior such as slowing the drinking rate.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage after Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Renal Dysfunction
Authors: Chao Tzu-Hao , Lin Ting-Chun , Shieh Yao , Chang Ting-Yu , Hung Kuo Lun , Liu Chi-Hung , Lee Tsong Hai , Chang Yeu Jhy , Lee Jiann Der , Chang Chien Hung
Published: September 2013

Purpose: One complication of thrombolysis is intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). We investigated whether treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) for ischemic infarction results in a higher risk of ICH in patients with kidney dysfunction, who are predisposed to treatment complications due to their bleeding tendency. Methods: A total of 297 patients given thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke were classified into 2 groups on the basis of their estimated renal glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The outcome measures included the incidence of ICH and modified Rankin scale scores at 1 month and 1 year. Results: ICH was more common in the renal dysfunction group (23 vs. 12.5%). Nevertheless, multivariate logistic regression showed that the odds of ICH were not high in the group with low eGFR. Also, eGFR values <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 did not predict the odds for functional dependence or death at 1 month and 1 year. Conclusion: After adjusting for confounding factors, the odds ratio for ICH was not higher in intravenous t-PA-treated stroke patients with renal dysfunction. A trend to the occurrence of ICH among these patients, however, was noted. Renal dysfunction does not predict the odds for functional dependence or death at 1 month and 1 year.
Clinical Outcome of a FIGO Stage IV Gestational Choriocarcinoma
Authors: Milenković Vera , Lazović Biljana , Mačvanski Marija , Jeremić Katarina , Hrgović Zlatko
Published: September 2013

Choriocarcinoma is the most malignant tumor of gestational trophoblastic disease arising from any gestation. It has a tendency toward relapse as well as metastasis. Here, a case of relapsed high-risk choriocarcinoma (FIGO stage IV, WHO score 12) in a 37-year-old female presenting with vaginal bleedings is described. Relapse developed at the site of the surgical scar from hysterectomy that had been performed 2 years earlier. Although the patient was treated with aggressive chemotherapy, she was in a bad general condition and died from infection and liver insufficiency.
Atypical X-linked agammaglobulinaemia caused by a novel BTK mutation in a selective immunoglobulin M deficiency patient
Authors: Lim Lee-Moay , Chang Jer-Ming , Wang I-Fang , Chang Wei-Chiao , Hwang Daw-Yang , Chen Hung-Chun
Published: September 2013

Background

X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) is the most common inherited humoural immunodeficiency disorder. Mutations in the gene coding for Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) have been identified as the cause of XLA. Most affected patients exhibit a marked reduction of serum immunoglobulins, mature B cells, and an increased susceptibility to recurrent bacterial infections. However, the diagnosis of XLA can be a challenge in certain patients who have near-normal levels of serum immunoglobulin. Furthermore, reports on XLA with renal involvement are scant.

Case presentation

We report an atypical XLA patient who presented with selective immunoglobulin M (IgM) immunodeficiency and nephropathy. He was diagnosed with selective IgM immunodeficiency, based on his normal serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels but undetectable serum IgM level. Intravenous immunoglobulin was initiated due to increased infections and persistent proteinuria but no improvement in proteinuria was found. A lupus-like nephritis was detected in his kidney biopsy and the proteinuria subsided after receiving a mycophenolate mofetil regimen. Although he had a history of recurrent bacterial infections since childhood, XLA was not diagnosed until B-lymphocyte surface antigen studies and a genetic analysis were conducted.

Conclusions

We suggest that B-lymphocyte surface antigen studies and a BTK mutation analysis should be performed in familial patients with selective IgM deficiency to rule out atypical XLA.
Low-dose azathioprine is effective in maintaining remission among Chinese patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Wu Jianghong , Gao Yan , Yang Chuanhua , Yang Xueqing , Li Xuhang , Xiao Shudong
Published: September 2013

Background

Azathiopurine (AZA) is efficacious for maintenance remission of Crohn’s disease (CD) at the standard dose of 2.0-2.5 mg/kg for Caucasian. It has been reported that the lower dose (1.0-2.0 mg/kg) in some Asian countries was as effective as the standard dose. In the present study we analyzed the efficacy of <1.0 mg/kg AZA in maintaining remission for Chinese patients.

Methods

The clinical data of all CD patients were reviewed from 1993 to December 2012. The patients who initiated AZA treatment and were followed for ≥ 2 years with complete medical data were included. We divided the patients into two groups according to their initial dose: <1.0 mg/kg group and 1.0-2.0 mg/kg group.

Results

Among 77 patients, 39 (50.6%) started treatment with <1.0 mg/kg AZA and 38 (49.4%) with 1.0-2.0 mg/kg. The mean dose of <1.0 mg/kg group remained under 1.0 mg/kg at 6, 12 and 24 months, even if the doses were adjusted according to efficacy and tolerance. The remission rate in patients of <1.0 mg/kg group was significantly higher than that in those of 1.0-2.0 mg/kg group (P = 0.025). A dose of <1.0 mg/kg AZA was more commonly associated with male gender, older age, heavier body weight and L1 location. Adverse events were observed in 21 of 77 patients (27.3%) and no significant difference in occurrence of adverse events or leucopenia between two groups.

Conclusions

<1.0 mg/kg AZA was effective as 1.0-2.0 mg/kg in maintaining remission among Chinese patients with CD.
Impact of repeated ivermectin treatments against onchocerciasis on the transmission of loiasis: an entomologic evaluation in central Cameroon
Authors: Kouam Marc K , Tchatchueng-Mbougua Jules B , Demanou Maurice , Boussinesq Michel , Pion Sébastien DS , Kamgno Joseph
Published: September 2013

Background

Annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) have been carried out since 1999 in the Lekie division (central region of Cameroon where most cases of Loa-related post ivermectin severe adverse events were reported) as part of the joined activities of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) and Mectizan® Donation Program (MDP). As large-scale administration of ivermetine was demonstrated to be an efficient means to control loiasis transmission, it was hypothesized that CDTI would have lowered or halted the transmission of Loa loa in the Lekie division after 13 years of annual drug administration, indicating a possible reduction in the occurrence of Loa-related post-ivermectin severe adverse events.

Methods

A 4-month entomologic study was carried out from March to June 2012 in the Lekie division to evaluate the impact of 13 years of CDTI on the transmission of L. loa whose baseline data were recorded in 1999–2000.

Results

There was a significant reduction in the infection rate for Chrysops silacea and C. dimidiata from 6.8 and 9% in 1999–2000 to 3 and 3.6% in 2012, respectively. The differences in the infective rate (IR) (percentage of flies harboring head L3 larvae), potential infective rate (PIR) (percentage of flies bearing L3 larvae), mean head L3 larvae load (MHL3) (average L3 per infective fly) and mean fly L3 larvae load (MFL3) (average L3 per potentially infective fly) for both C. silacea and C. dimidiata were not significantly different between the two investigation periods. The biting density (BD) was almost three-fold higher in 2012 for C. silacea but not for C. dimidiata. The transmission potential (TP) which is a function of the BD, was higher in the present study than in the baseline investigation for each species.

Conclusion

The infection rate remaining high, the high TP and the stability observed in the IR, PIR, MHL3 and MFL3 after 13 years of CDTI suggest that transmission of L. loa is still active. This is an indication that the risk of occurrence of severe adverse events such as fatal encephalopathies is still present, especially for heavily microfilaria-loaded people taken ivermectin for the first time.
A novel method for efficient delivery of stem cells to the ischemic brain
Authors: Guo Ling , Ge Jianfeng , Wang Shan , Zhou Ying , Wang Xiaoxiao , Wu Yaojiong
Published: September 2013

Introduction

Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model is the most commonly used animal model in ischemic stroke studies. In the model, to increase the amount of stem cells or drugs to enter the brain after delivery into the internal carotid artery (ICA), the pterygopalatine artery (PPA) is occluded. However, PPA occlusion is a technically demanding procedure which often causes complications.

Methods

In this study, we developed an ICA injection needle to facilitate easy and efficient delivery of stem cells to the ischemic brain through the ICA without the need of PPA occlusion. We injected methylene blue and fluorescence dye DiI-labeled human mesenchymal stem cells (DiI-hMSCs) into the ICA in rats with the ICA injection needle (without PPA ligation) or the conventional micro-injection needle (with PPA ligation) and assessed their distributions.

Results

When methylene blue was injected, evident blue stains were found in the brain of the injection side particularly the middle cerebral artery (MCA)-supplied areas but not in the PPA supplied areas. Similarly, when DiI-hMSCs were injected, the cells largely appeared in the MCA-supplied tissues, which were similar in quantity compared to conventional micro-injection needle injection with PPA occlusion. Moreover, hMSCs injected with the ICA needle or the micro-injection needle similarly improved the functional recovery of the infarcted brain.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that the ICA injection needle is easy to use and efficient in delivering cells to the ischemic brain tissue in rat MCAO model.
Alcohol assessment and feedback by email for university students: main findings from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: McCambridge Jim , Bendtsen Marcus , Karlsson Nadine , White Ian R. , Nilsen Per , Bendtsen Preben
Published: September 2013

Background

Brief interventions can be efficacious in changing alcohol consumption and increasingly take advantage of the internet to reach high-risk populations such as students.

Aims

To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief online intervention, controlling for the possible effects of the research process.

Method

A three-arm parallel groups design was used to explore the magnitude of the feedback and assessment component effects. The three groups were: alcohol assessment and feedback (group 1); alcohol assessment only without feedback (group 2); and no contact, and thus neither assessment nor feedback (group 3). Outcomes were evaluated after 3 months via an invitation to participate in a brief cross-sectional lifestyle survey. The study was undertaken in two universities randomising the email addresses of all 14910 students (the AMADEUS-1 study, trial registration: ISRCTN28328154).

Results

Overall, 52% (n= 7809) of students completed follow-up, with small differences in attrition between the three groups. For each of the two primary outcomes, there was one statistically significant difference between groups, with group 1 having 3.7% fewer risky drinkers at follow-up than group 3 (P= 0.006) and group 2 scoring 0.16 points lower than group 3 on the three alcohol consumption questions from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) (P = 0.039).

Conclusions

This study provides some evidence of population-level benefit attained through intervening with individual students.
Stress-induced plastic responses inDrosophila simulansfollowing exposure to combinations of temperature and humidity levels
Authors: Bubliy Oleg A. , Kristensen Torsten N. , Loeschcke Volker
Published: September 2013

Plastic responses to heat and desiccation stress in insects have been studied in many laboratory experiments on Drosophila. However, in these studies the possible interaction between the corresponding stress factors in natural environments has not been taken into consideration. We investigated changes in heat and desiccation resistance of adult Drosophila simulans after short-term exposures to different temperatures (35ºC, 31ºC, 18ºC) in combination with high and low relative humidity (RH, ca. 90% and 20%, respectively). Hardening under extreme conditions (35ºC or 31ºC and low RH) commonly resulted in higher resistance to heat and desiccation as compared to other less stressful combinations of temperature and humidity levels. The concentration of the heat-shock protein Hsp70 in the experimental flies increased following almost all applied treatments. Life span of the hardened flies under non-stressful conditions was reduced irrespective of the stress dose indicating a fitness cost for the plastic responses. The results of the study show that hardening using combined heat-desiccation stress can be very efficient with regard to induction of plastic responses improving tolerance to both types of stress. This may favour adaptation to hot and dry climatic conditions, though the negative effects on fitness are likely to constrain evolution of such plastic responses.
Lectotypification of Linnaean names in the Italian endemic flora
Authors: Peruzzi Lorenzo , Santangelo Annalisa , Jarvis Charlie E.
Published: September 2013

The typification of four Linnaean names (Asperula crassifolia L., Hesperis dentata L., Pancratium illyricum L., Scrophularia trifoliata L.), applicable to species endemic to the Italian flora, is discussed. Specimens from L (Herb. Van Royen) and LINN (Herb. Linnaeus) are designated as lectotypes. For Asperula crassifolia, an interpretative epitype is also designated, which coincides with the lectotype (also proposed here) of A. tomentosa Ten.
Does Pseudobombax have prickles? Assessing the enigmatic species Pseudobombaxendecaphyllum (Malvaceae: Bombacoideae)
Authors: de Carvalho-Sobrinho Jefferson G. , de Queiroz Luciano P. , Dorr Laurence J.
Published: September 2013

In order to better understand the taxonomy of the enigmatic Pseudobombax endecaphyllum (Vell.) A. Robyns (Malv aceae: Bombacoideae), the only species in this genus thought to have aculeate branches, we reexamined the protologues of B. endecaphyllum and Pachira decaphylla A. St.–Hil. & Naudin, the latter a name long considered to be a synonym of the former, and discovered a great deal of taxonomic confusion. We conclude that B. endecaphyllum does not belong in Pseudobombax, Pachira decaphylla was based on a mixture of elements from two plant families, and the relationship between B. endecaphyllum and Pachira decaphylla is specious. It becomes evident that B. endecaphyllum is the earliest name available for Pachira stenopetala Casar. and the new combination Pachira endecaphylla (Vell.) Carv.–Sobr. is effected. An epitype is designated for B. endecaphyllum and a lectotype is designated for Pachira decaphylla, which becomes a synonym of Pseudobombax grandiflorum var. majus A. Robyns. Most importantly, we now consider that all species of Pseudobombax are unarmed.
Type specimens online: What is available, what is not, and how to proceed; Reflections based on an analysis of the images of type specimens of southern African Polygala (Polygalaceae) accessible on the worldwide web
Authors: Smith Gideon F. , Figueiredo Estrela
Published: September 2013

The results of a gap analysis of the availability of internet–hosted images of the types of names of Polygala L. (Polygalaceae) in southern Africa accessible at JSTOR Global Plants (JGP) and on other sites in the worldwide web, are presented. The type information for names associated with this genus was recorded and analyzed with a view to suggest ways in which JGP and other internet resources that host specimen images might further expand and enrich their e–holdings, and to identify which non–partner institutions should be approached to collaborate in the Global Plants Initiative (GPI), the most successful specimen imaging thrust ever. Our analysis shows that images of 52% of the types of southern African Polygala names (208 names assessed) are accessible at JGP. Of these images, 74% have incorrect metadata or no information on what sort of type it depicts. For 25% of the accepted taxa of Polygala, no images of the types of their names are available online. This gap can mostly be filled by GPI partners who hold the majority of the types not yet imaged, most of which are likely not in type folders or do not carry annotations indicating their type status. JGP would significantly benefit from directly contracting taxonomic services to improve the quality of its data on types, thus enabling information to be fed back to partner institutions.
Unicompartmental knee replacement after high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Valenzuela G. A. , Jacobson N. A. , Buzas D. , Korecki T. D. , Valenzuela R. G. , Teitge R. A.
Published: September 2013

The outcome of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) deteriorates with time, and additional procedures may be required. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes between unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) and total knee replacement (TKR) after HTO as well as after primary UKR. A total of 63 patients (63 knees) were studied retrospectively and divided into three groups: UKR after HTO (group A; n = 22), TKR after HTO (group B; n = 18) and primary UKR (group C; n = 22). The Oxford knee score (OKS), Knee Society score (KSS), hip–knee–ankle angles, mechanical axis and patellar height were evaluated pre- and post-operatively. At a mean of 64 months (19 to 180) post-operatively the mean OKS was 43.8 (33 to 49), 43.3 (30 to 48) and 42.5 (29 to 48) for groups A, B and C, respectively (p = 0.73). The mean KSS knee score was 88.8 (54 to 100), 88.11 (51 to 100) and 85.3 (45 to 100) for groups A, B and C, respectively (p = 0.65), and the mean KSS function score was 85.0 (50 to 100) in group A, 85.8 (20 to 100) in group B and 79.3 (50 to 100) in group C (p = 0.48). Radiologically the results were comparable for all groups except for patellar height, with a higher incidence of patella infra following a previous HTO (p = 0.02).

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1348–53.
Pelvic reconstruction with compound osteosynthesis following hemipelvectomy
Authors: Gebert C. , Wessling M. , Gosheger G. , Aach M. , Streitbürger A. , Henrichs M. P. , Dirksen U. , Hardes J.
Published: September 2013

To date, all surgical techniques used for reconstruction of the pelvic ring following supra-acetabular tumour resection produce high complication rates. We evaluated the clinical, oncological and functional outcomes of a cohort of 35 patients (15 men and 20 women), including 21 Ewing’s sarcomas, six chondrosarcomas, three sarcomas not otherwise specified, one osteosarcoma, two osseous malignant fibrous histiocytomas, one synovial cell sarcoma and one metastasis. The mean age of the patients was 31 years (8 to 79) and the latest follow-up was carried out at a mean of 46 months (1.9 to 139.5) post-operatively.

We undertook a functional reconstruction of the pelvic ring using polyaxial screws and titanium rods. In 31 patients (89%) the construct was encased in antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate. Preservation of the extremities was possible for all patients. The survival rate at three years was 93.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 77.9 to 98.4), at five years it was 82.4% (95% CI 57.6 to 93.4). For the 21 patients with Ewing’s sarcoma it was 95.2% (95% CI 70.7 to 99.3) and 81.5% (95% CI 52.0 to 93.8), respectively. Wound healing problems were observed in eight patients, deep infection in five and clinically asymptomatic breakage of the screws in six. The five-year implant survival was 93.3% (95% CI 57.8 to 95.7). Patients were mobilised at a mean of 3.5 weeks (1 to 7) post-operatively. A post-operative neurological defect occurred in 12 patients. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score at last available follow-up was 21.2 (10 to 27).

This reconstruction technique is characterised by simple and oncologically appropriate applicability, achieving high primary stability that allows early mobilisation, good functional results and relatively low complication rates.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1410–16.
Use of the radial groove view intra-operatively to prevent damage to the extensor pollicis longus tendon by protruding screws during volar plating of a distal radial fracture
Authors: Lee S. K. , Bae K. W. , Choy W. S.
Published: September 2013

The aims of this study were to assess the efficacy of a newly designed radiological technique (the radial groove view) for the detection of protrusion of screws in the groove for the extensor pollicis longus tendon (EPL) during plating of distal radial fractures. We also aimed to determine the optimum position of the forearm to obtain this view. We initially analysed the anatomy of the EPL groove by performing three-dimensional CT on 51 normal forearms. The mean horizontal angle of the groove was 17.8° (14° to 23°). We found that the ideal position of the fluoroscopic beam to obtain this view was 20° in the horizontal plane and 5° in the sagittal plane.

We then intra-operatively assessed the use of the radial groove view for detecting protrusion of screws in the EPL groove in 93 fractures that were treated by volar plating. A total of 13 protruding screws were detected. They were changed to shorter screws and these patients underwent CT scans of the wrist immediately post-operatively. There remained one screw that was protruding. These findings suggest that the use of the radial groove view intra-operatively is a good method of assessing the possible protrusion of screws into the groove of EPL when plating a fracture of the distal radius.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1372–6.
The current status of bracing for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Stokes O. M. , Luk K. D. K.
Published: September 2013

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis affects about 3% of children. Non-operative measures are aimed at altering the natural history to maintain the size of the curve below 40° at skeletal maturity. The application of braces to treat spinal deformity pre-dates the era of evidence-based medicine, and there is a paucity of irrefutable prospective evidence in the literature to support their use and their effectiveness has been questioned.

This review considers this evidence. The weight of the evidence is in favour of bracing over observation. The most recent literature has moved away from addressing this question, and instead focuses on developments in the design of braces and ways to improve compliance.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1308–16.
Endoprosthetic replacement after extra-articular resection of bone and soft-tissue tumours around the knee
Authors: Hardes J. , Henrichs M. P. , Gosheger G. , Gebert C. , Höll S. , Dieckmann R. , Hauschild G. , Streitbürger A.
Published: September 2013

We evaluated the clinical results and complications after extra-articular resection of the distal femur and/or proximal tibia and reconstruction with a tumour endoprosthesis (MUTARS) in 59 patients (mean age 33 years (11 to 74)) with malignant bone or soft-tissue tumours. According to a Kaplan–Meier analysis, limb survival was 76% (95% confidence interval (CI) 64.1 to 88.5) after a mean follow-up of 4.7 years (one month to 17 years). Peri-prosthetic infection was the most common indication for subsequent amputation (eight patients). Survival of the prosthesis without revision was 48% (95% CI 34.8 to 62.0) at two years and 25% (95% CI 11.1 to 39.9) at five years post-operatively. Failure of the prosthesis was due to deep infection in 22 patients (37%), aseptic loosening in ten patients (17%), and peri-prosthetic fracture in six patients (10%). Wear of the bearings made a minor revision necessary in 12 patients (20%). The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 23 (10 to 29). An extensor lag > 10° was noted in ten patients (17%).

These results suggest that limb salvage after extra-articular resection with a tumour prosthesis can achieve good functional results in most patients, although the rates of complications and subsequent amputation are higher than in patients treated with intra-articular resection.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1425–31.
Excellence, Innovation and Academic Freedom in University Policy in Iceland
Authors: Jóhannesson Ingólfur Ásgeir
Published: September 2013

This article analyzes three reports on higher education, research and innovation policy in Iceland by using a Foucauldian discourse analysis approach. The reports were released in 2009 and 2012, emphasizing the simplification of the research and innovation system in Iceland. While on the surface the reports include practical recommendations, the study reveals a strong moral stance in the reports which express concerns that too many universities and two small institutions spread efforts too widely. Suggestions to reorganize the system tend to be presented by simply stating that it is important to do so, but sometimes such assertions are also interwoven with arguments for larger and more powerful universities and research institutions. There is a focus in the reports on innovation and the creation of economic value. Research, science, and innovation are firmly combined with the goal of economic growth. There is the undertone that it is relatively easy to define what is good research or even quality research; and the chief criterion seems to be that good research is research that is useful for business and industry. Academic freedom, on the other hand, is rarely discussed in the reports.
Áhrif hvata á störf lækna
Authors: Jónsdóttir Una , Ásgeirsdóttir Tinna Laufey
Published: September 2013

Rannsóknir á raungögnum benda til þess að fólk bregðist við hvötum. Slíkt viðbragð er þó mismikið við mismunandi aðstæður. Í þessari grein eru áhrif mismunandi greiðslufyrirkomulags á störf lækna skoðuð. Ferliverkasamningar sem voru tímabundið við lýði á Landspítala - háskólasjúkrahúsi eru teknir til skoðunar, saga þeirra er rakin og varpað ljósi á hvaða áhrif afnám þeirra hefur haft á samfélagið. Mældar voru hlutfallslegar líkur á að sjúklingum væri vísað í speglun eftir að ferliverkasamningar féllu úr gildi, samanborið við þegar þeir voru í gildi. Tíðni speglana árin 2000-2002 var borin saman við tíðni speglana árin 2003-2005. Gögn fengust frá Landspítala við Hringbraut þar sem speglanir voru flokkaðar eftir tegundum yfir tímabilið. Frá Landspítala í Fossvogi fengust aðeins tölur um heildarspeglanir á ári úr starfsemisupplýsingum spítalans. Frá Sjúkratryggingum Íslands fengust tölur yfir mismunandi speglanir framkvæmdar á einkastofum lækna á tímabilinu og að lokum fengust, til samanburðar, sambærilegar tölur frá Sjúkrahúsinu á Akureyri. Á Akureyri átti engin breyting sér stað í greiðslutilhögun til lækna á tímabilinu. Niðurstöður sýndu að á einkastofum voru 185% meiri líkur á að einstaklingar færu í meltingavegs- og berkjuspeglun eftir að ferliverkasamningum lauk, en á Landspítalanum minnkuðu líkurnar á speglun um 38,2%. Hlutfallsleg hætta á að einstaklingum væri vísað í speglun á höfuðborgarsvæðinu heilt á litið jókst en líkurnar voru 3,57% meiri á speglun eftir að ferliverkasamningum lauk. Metin tengsl breytinga á greiðslufyrirkomulagi og speglanatíðni eru töluverð, bæði hvað varðar tölfræðilega marktækni og stærð áhrifanna, sem geta tæpast talist smávægileg.
Iceland’s External Affairs from 1400 to the Reformation: Anglo-German Economic and Societal Shelter in a Danish Political Vacuum
Authors: Þórhallsson Baldur , Kristinsson Þorsteinn
Published: September 2013

The paper applies the assumption that small states/entities need economic and political shelter in order to prosper, to the case of Iceland in the period from 1400 to the Reformation in the mid-16th century. Also, it applies the findings from the first paper in this ‘hexalogy’ (a six-paper series) on Iceland’s external relations in a historical context, i.e. that Iceland enjoyed societal shelter in the Middle Ages, to this period. The aim is both to analyse whether or not Icelanders enjoyed economic, political and societal cover from their engagements with the Danes, English and Germans and to evaluate the validity of the ‘shelter theory’. The paper argues that Iceland enjoyed considerable economic and societal shelter from its encounters with English and German merchants and fishermen in a period in which Danish political cover was formally in place but was not effective in practice. Moreover, the paper claims that the shelter theory, and small-state studies in general, need to take notice of the importance of social communication with the outside world for a small entity/state. Also, the Danish political vacuum in our late Medieval Period provided the islanders with economic opportunities and social engagements with the wider world. This was at the cost of continued domestic clashes between the islanders themselves, on the one hand, and between them and ‘outsiders’ on the other. Our findings indicate that in the case of Iceland there might be a trade-off between the benefits of strict political cover by a single external actor, and the economic and societal opportunities accompanied by a lack of political affiliations.
La futura vida cotidiana en España: la sociedad de consumo
Authors: Alaminos Chica Antonio
Published: September 2013

Las dinámicas que durante décadas han dado forma a la sociedad de consumo en España han entrado en crisis. Las consecuencias sociales e ideológicas van mucho más allá de lo económico. El consumo como fuente de identidad social y de legitimación política de las desigualdades inicia una nueva etapa matizada por la irrupción de las nuevas tecnologías. El futuro muestra una clara discontinuidad respecto al pasado. Las clases medias deberán reinventarse mediante formas alternativas de consumo, empleando estrategias que protejan su imagen de “status”. Este cambio afecta directamente a la legitimación del sistema y anticipa un periodo de tensión social, ya plasmado en la Spanish Revolution.
Pointwise Error Estimates for the LDG Method Applied to 1-d Singularly Perturbed Reaction-Diffusion Problems
Authors: Zhu Huiqing , Zhang Zhimin
Published: September 2013

The local discontinuous Galerkin method (LDG) is considered for
solving one-dimensional singularly perturbed two-point boundary
value problems of reaction-diffusion type. Pointwise error
estimates for the LDG approximation to the solution and its
derivative are established on a Shishkin-type mesh. Numerical
experiments are presented. Moreover, a superconvergence of order of the numerical traces is observed numerically.
Stability and Regularization of Difference Schemes in Banach and Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Gavrilyuk Ivan P. , Makarov Volodymyr L.
Published: September 2013

The necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of abstract difference schemes in Hilbert and Banach spaces are formulated. Contrary to known stability results we give stability conditions for schemes with non-self-adjoint operator coefficients in a Hilbert space and with strongly positive operator coefficients in a Banach space. It is shown that the parameters of the sectorial spectral domain play the crucial role. As an application we consider the Richardson iteration scheme for an operator equation in a Banach space, in particulary the Richardson iteration with precondition for a finite element scheme for a non-selfadjoint operator. The theoretical results are also the basis when using the regularization principle to construct stable difference schemes. For this aim we start from some simple scheme (even unstable) and derive stable schemes by perturbing the initial operator coefficients and by taking into account the stability conditions. Our approach is also valid for schemes with unbounded operator coefficients.
Symmetry-Free, p-Robust Equilibrated Error Indication for the hp-Version of the FEM in Nearly Incompressible Linear Elasticity
Authors: Dörsek Philipp , Melenk Jens M.
Published: September 2013

We consider the extension of the p-robust equilibrated error estimator due to Braess, Pillwein and Schöberl to linear elasticity.
We derive a formulation where the local mixed auxiliary problems do not require symmetry of the stresses.
The resulting error estimator is p-robust, and the reliability estimate is also robust in the incompressible limit if quadratics are included in the approximation space.
Extensions to other systems of linear second-order partial differential equations are discussed.
Numerical simulations show only moderate deterioration of the effectivity index for a Poisson ratio close to .
A preliminary study of the thinking processes and speech act comprehension patterns of Contonese learners of English
Authors: Lee, Cynthia
Published: September 2013

The paper aims to reveal the thinking processes and identify comprehension patterns of three groups of Cantonese learners of English who were secondary students while they were working on a multiple-choice speech act comprehension exercise. The elicited verbal protocols provide significant information for interlanguage pragmatic comprehension and development from the learners.A multiple-choice pragmatic comprehension exercise which consisted of five English direct and indirect speech acts (requests, apologies, refusals, compliments and complaints) in contextualized dialogues was conducted to 156 Cantonese learners of English. They were studying from F2 to F6 of about ages 14 to 18 in three Hong Kong secondary schools during the research period. The comprehension exercise scores showed that the interlanguage pragmatic competence of the three groups of secondary students progressed steadily. The students� verbal protocols exhibited that they were less reliant on literal meaning in interpretation of meaning, and adopted more varied and complex processing strategies from F2 to F6 gradually. The variety and complexity of comprehension strategies and patterns illustrate the characteristic features of the formal representation stage in Bialystok�s cognitive processing model.
Admission Screening for Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure
Authors: Wilson Karen M. , Wesgate Sarah C. , Best Dana , Blumkin Aaron K. , Jonathan Klein D.
Published: September 2013

Objectives:

Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is an important and preventable cause of mortality and morbidity among children; hospitalization represents a sentinel event that may offer opportunities for intervention. The goal of this study was to determine the frequency and validity of SHS exposure screenings by emergency department (ED) providers, residents, and nurses.

Methods:

A total of 140 inpatient pediatric families consented to a salivary cotinine measurement, in-person SHS exposure interview, and chart review to assess ED provider, pediatric resident, and nurse SHS exposure screenings and documentation validity.

Results:

ED providers documented screening for SHS exposure 46% of the time, pediatric residents 42% of the time, and nurses 79% of the time. ED providers, pediatric residents, and nurses reported 18%, 38%, and 12% of patients exposed to SHS, respectively, whereas 46% of patients were identified as smoke-exposed according to cotinine level and/or parent report. Those with SHS exposure outside the home were least likely to be identified as exposed.

Conclusions:

The majority of smoke-exposed children were not identified as exposed based on documentation of admission screenings. Future research is important to identify accurate and efficient methods of screening for and identifying SHS exposure among children admitted to the hospital.