bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflected entropy in random tensor networks. Part III. Triway cuts
Authors: Akers Chris , Faulkner Thomas , Lin Simon , Rath Pratik
Published: January 2025

Abstract

For general random tensor network states at large bond dimension, we prove that the integer Rényi reflected entropies (away from phase transitions) are determined by minimal triway cuts through the network. This generalizes the minimal cut description of bipartite entanglement for these states. A natural extrapolation away from integer Rényi parameters, suggested by the triway cut problem, implies the holographic conjecture SR = 2EW, where SR is the reflected entropy and EW is the entanglement wedge cross-section. Minimal triway cuts can be formulated as integer programs which cannot be relaxed to find a dual maximal flow/bit-thread description. This sheds light on the gap between the existence of tripartite entanglement in holographic states and the bipartite entanglement structure motivated by bit-threads. In particular, we prove that the Markov gap that measures tripartite entanglement is lower bounded by the integrality gap of the integer program that computes the triway cut.
Dietary BergaPur® supplementation enhanced the hematological, immune, biochemical, and antioxidative reactions of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Ali Mohamed , Elabd Hiam , Azouz Mohsen , Abbass Amany
Published: January 2025

The existing trial investigated the effects of supplementing the diet of Nile tilapia with BergaPur® on the hematology, immune response, biochemical factors, and antioxidative capacity. Four groups of fish with an average weight of 10.0 ± 0.5 g received BergaPur®, de-oiled phospholipid complex at a rate of 0 (control), 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/kg diet for 9 weeks. Sampling included blood, serum, and liver samples from the four groups at the end of each 3 weeks for a 9 weeks total experimental period. Hematologic readings, serum biochemical, and oxidative parameters were investigated. Findings included a significant (P < 0.05) hematology augmentation (corpuscular Hb, packed cell volume, leukocytic, monocytic, and lymphocytic counts), and a remarked increased (P < 0.05) serum proteins (albumin, globulin, and total) were recorded in BergaPur® groups. Also, AST and ALT levels decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while glucose levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) in BergaPur® groups at all sampling points. Immune (phagocytosis and lysozyme activity) and antioxidant (SOD, GPx, and CAT) parameters increased significantly (P < 0.05) in BergaPur® supplemented groups, compared to the control, while MDA level decreased obviously in the incorporated groups over the control. Our findings verified the positive effects of BergaPur® on the hematological, immune, and biochemical parameters of O Oreochromis niloticus, with a suggestive concentration of 2 g/kg diet.
Vulnerability reduction in post-conflict areas through the Resource Nexus approach (Water–Soil-Food-Atmosphere) to sustainable food production systems: a case study in Colombia
Authors: Caucci Serena , Guzman-Molina Jairo , Al-Qubati Abdulhakeem , Schellens Marie
Published: January 2025

The prolonged armed conflict in Colombia, spanning over the last five decades, has significantly impacted its agricultural areas and led to the widespread displacement and disruption of farming activities. The agricultural sector is crucial for Colombia as it contributes to food security, the economy, and the Nation’s employment rate. However, the agricultural sector is challenged by the environment and its natural resources, especially water in water abstraction and soil in terms of degradation and land cover change. Additionally, climate change exacerbates these challenges by altering precipitation patterns, increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, and further stressing water and soil resources, making sustainable management even more critical. The Resource Nexus approach comes into play to cope with and mitigate such challenges. Combined with social equity to advance the sustainability of agriculture, the Nexus approach demonstrates pathways towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 (Zero Hunger)in synergies with other SDGs, like SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 10 (Reduced Inequality), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). This paper addresses the dual challenge of improving natural resources management and population vulnerability reduction in the frame of environmental conflicts and population inequalities that severely affect the resilience of food systems. In line with principles of inclusion and gender equity, the methodology developed here aims to identify Colombia's productive regions that would benefit from enhanced management at the landscape level, the Resource Nexus approach. With the use of geographic information systems (GIS), this research spatially evaluates the (i) impact of land-use changes and the land-use fragmentation due to resource overuse, (ii) the provision of ecosystem services under different uses of natural resources and suggests ecosystem services planning as a methodology for municipal ecosystem-based management, (iii) climate change and the anthropogenic impacts on agricultural productivity in Colombia at the municipality scale. The results indicate significant environmental changes over the past few decades, including reduced natural forests and increased agricultural land. This shift has coincided with a decrease in freshwater availability. Additionally, there is a concerning trend of agricultural expansion into protected areas, highlighting the ongoing pressures on natural resources and the need for sustainable management practices. This study underscores the value of the science-policy interface to ensure increased social equity, economic growth, and resource conservation.
Euchrestifolines A–O, fifteen novel carbazole alkaloids with potent anti-ferroptotic activity from Murraya euchrestifolia
Authors: Chen Yue-Mei , Cao Nan-Kai , Zhu Si-Si , Ding Meng , Liang Hai-Zhen , Zhao Ming-Bo , Zeng Ke-Wu , Tu Peng-Fei , Jiang Yong
Published: January 2025

Fifteen novel carbazole alkaloids, euchrestifolines A–O (1–15), were obtained from Murraya euchrestifolia. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, Mosher’s ester, calculated ECD, and transition metal complex ECD methods. Notably, euchrestifolines A–C (1–3) are the first naturally occurring pyrrolidone carbazoles to be identified, while euchrestifolines D–F (4–6) represent rare carbazole alkaloids containing a phenylpropanyl moiety; euchrestifoline G (7) features a unique benzopyranocarbazole skeleton. More importantly, these compounds exhibited significant anti-ferroptotic activity, along with inhibitory effects of nitric oxide (NO) production and notable cytotoxicity. This study marks the first disclosure of carbazole's inhibitory effects against ferroptosis, and the EC50 values of some carbazoles ranging from 0.04 to 1 μM, substantially lower than the positive control, ferrostatin-1. In sum, this research not only enhances our understanding of carbazole alkaloids but also opens new avenues for the discovery of ferroptosis-related leading compounds.

Graphical abstract
Enhancing austenite formation in directed energy deposition-arc fabrication of duplex stainless steel using nitrogen-bearing shielding gas
Authors: Tóth Tamás , Westin Elin M. , Köhler Markus , Dilger Klaus
Published: January 2025

Directed energy deposition-arc (DED-arc) of duplex stainless steels faces challenges in achieving a balanced ferrite/austenite ratio in the as-deposited condition. Consequently, solution annealing is often necessary to optimize the microstructure and attain good mechanical and corrosion properties. This study explores an approach to improve the phase balance using AM 2205 wire and Ar + 2% N2 as shielding gas. Thin-walled structures comprising 10 layers were fabricated using a waveform-controlled gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process at two different travel speeds and arc power levels. Additionally, reference samples were produced with Ar + 2.5% CO2 to quantify the influence of shielding gas composition on austenite formation. Microstructural investigations revealed that samples produced with nitrogen-containing shielding gas had an average austenite fraction ranging from 39 to 46 vol.%, depending on the travel speed and arc power combination. This represents an average increase of 3–9 vol.% compared to traditional shielding gas.
In situ synthesis of three-dimensional core–shell structure Bi2WO6/BiOCl and photocatalytic degradation of trinitrotoluene wastewater
Authors: Zhou Xiyang , Zhang Sitong , Liu Wenhui , Liu Jiayi , Liu Terence X.
Published: January 2025

Bi2WO6/BiOCl nanocomposites with three-dimensional core–shell structure were synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal method. The compounds were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, HR-TEM, EDX, SAED, XPS, PL, UV–Vis DRS, photoelectrochemical, and photodegradation experiments. The result showed that the catalytic activity of Bi2WO6/BiOCl nanocomposites was significantly better than that of Bi2WO6 and BiOCl. The effect of the amount of Bi2WO6 on the properties of the composite was studied. The result showed that the Bi2WO6/BiOCl with three-dimensional core–shell structure had the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency for TNT, and the degradation rate reached 90% after 180 min of visible light irradiation. In the degradation process of TNT, the reaction rate of 4.5 Bi2WO6/BiOCl is the highest, which is 0.20057 min−1. After 4 cycles, the degradation rate of TNT by 4.5 Bi2WO6/BiOCl remained at 80%. The free radical trapping experiments showed that the holes and superoxide anions played a major role in the photocatalytic degradation of TNT wastewater by 4.5 Bi2WO6/BiOCl. Based on the results of free radical trapping experiment, Mott-Schottky test, and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy, the reaction mechanism of enhancing photocatalytic activity was proposed.
Mechanisms for cell survival during abiotic stress: focusing on plasma membrane
Authors: Su Xiao , Yao Lijuan , Wang Xuechen , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Guifang , Li Xiaojuan
Published: January 2025

Plants are continually challenged by abiotic stressors, including drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures, which can adversely affect their growth and development. The plasma membrane, acting as a pivotal interface between the cell and its environment, is particularly susceptible to such stresses. This review focuses on current understanding of how abiotic stresses affect plasma membrane integrity in plants. The review also explores the critical roles of plasma membrane proteins and lipids under stress conditions, highlighting signal transduction pathways that the plasma membrane initiates to mitigate abiotic stress. By consolidating these findings, this review provides a comprehensive overview that is pivotal for advancing the development of stress-tolerant plant varieties. The insights gained from this synthesis are expected to contribute significantly to the enhancement of plant resilience in the face of environmental challenges.
Assessing the Current State of USA-Based Disaster Medicine Fellowships
Authors: Agubosim Chinonso B. , Hertelendy Attila J. , Masri Taha M. , Sarin Ritu R. , Woodward Christina A. , Issa Fadi S. , Alshaikh Eman , Miller Eric , Matthews Dana , Agubosim Chukwudi G. , Voskanyan Amalia , Ciottone Gregory R.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to understand the current landscape of USA-based disaster medicine (DM) programs through the lens of alumni and program directors (PDs). The data obtained from this study will provide valuable information to future learners as they ponder careers in disaster medicine and allow PDs to refine curricular offerings.

Methods

Two separate surveys were sent to USA-based DM program directors and alumni. The surveys gathered information regarding current training characteristics, career trajectories, and the outlook of DM training.

Results

The study had a 57% response rate among PDs, and 42% response rate from alumni. Most programs are 1-year and accept 1-2 fellows per class. More than 60% of the programs offer additional advanced degrees. Half of the respondents accept international medical graduates (IMGs). Only 25% accept non-MD/DO/MBBs trained applicants. Most of the alumni hold academic and governmental positions post-training. Furthermore, many alumni report that fellowship training offered an advantage in the job market and allowed them to expand their clinical practice.

Conclusions

The field of disaster medicine is continuously evolving owing to the increased recognition of the important roles DM specialists play in healthcare. The fellowship training programs are experiencing a similar evolution with an increasing trend toward standardization. Furthermore, graduates from these programs see their training as a worthwhile investment in career opportunities.
Earth System Data Cubes: Avenues for advancing Earth system research
Authors: Montero David , Kraemer Guido , Anghelea Anca , Aybar César , Brandt Gunnar , Camps-Valls Gustau , Cremer Felix , Flik Ida , Gans Fabian , Habershon Sarah , Ji Chaonan , Kattenborn Teja , Martínez-Ferrer Laura , Martinuzzi Francesco , Reinhardt Martin , Söchting Maximilian , Teber Khalil , Mahecha Miguel D.
Published: January 2025

Recent advancements in Earth system science have been marked by the exponential increase in the availability of diverse, multivariate datasets characterised by moderate to high spatio-temporal resolutions. Earth System Data Cubes (ESDCs) have emerged as one suitable solution for transforming this flood of data into a simple yet robust data structure. ESDCs achieve this by organising data into an analysis-ready format aligned with a spatio-temporal grid, facilitating user-friendly analysis and diminishing the need for extensive technical data processing knowledge. Despite these significant benefits, the completion of the entire ESDC life cycle remains a challenging task. Obstacles are not only of a technical nature but also relate to domain-specific problems in Earth system research. There exist barriers to realising the full potential of data collections in light of novel cloud-based technologies, particularly in curating data tailored for specific application domains. These include transforming data to conform to a spatio-temporal grid with minimum distortions and managing complexities such as spatio-temporal autocorrelation issues. Addressing these challenges is pivotal for the effective application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches. Furthermore, adhering to open science principles for data dissemination, reproducibility, visualisation, and reuse is crucial for fostering sustainable research. Overcoming these challenges offers a substantial opportunity to advance data-driven Earth system research, unlocking the full potential of an integrated, multidimensional view of Earth system processes. This is particularly true when such research is coupled with innovative research paradigms and technological progress.
The challenge of land in a neural network ocean model
Authors: Furner Rachel , Haynes Peter , Jones Dani C. , Munday Dave , Paige Brooks , Shuckburgh Emily
Published: January 2025

Machine learning (ML) techniques have emerged as a powerful tool for predicting weather and climate systems. However, much of the progress to date focuses on predicting the short-term evolution of the atmosphere. Here, we look at the potential for ML methodology to predict the evolution of the ocean. The presence of land in the domain is a key difference between ocean modeling and previous work looking at atmospheric modeling. Here, we look to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to emulate a process-based General Circulation Model (GCM) of the ocean, in a configuration which contains land. We assess performance on predictions over the entire domain and near to the land (coastal points). Our results show that the CNN replicates the underlying GCM well when assessed over the entire domain. RMS errors over the test dataset are low in comparison to the signal being predicted, and the CNN model gives an order of magnitude improvement over a persistence forecast. When we partition the domain into near land and the ocean interior and assess performance over these two regions, we see that the model performs notably worse over the near land region. Near land, RMS scores are comparable to those from a simple persistence forecast. Our results indicate that ocean interaction with land is something the network struggles with and highlight that this is may be an area where advanced ML techniques specifically designed for, or adapted for, the geosciences could bring further benefits.
Expectations versus Reality: Sex Offender Registration in India and the United States
Authors: Sharma Deepankar , Kewaliya Vini
Published: January 2025

The online registration of sex offenders and the maintenance of these databases is a subject of concern. Although it is imperative to track sex offenders and maintain their records as a measure to deter crime, this process can affect or even prevent the offenders' reformation and violate their right to privacy. Further, according to some, inclusion in these databases leads to a lifetime branding of offenders. India took the initiative in 2018 to reduce sex offender recidivism and now tracks offenders through a registry that is not open to the public. In contrast, in the United States, online sex offender registration databases have been available to the public for many years. The purpose of this paper is to compare the purposes and legal frameworks of sex offender registries in India and the United States, focusing on the impacts of these registries on the offenders and their potential for rehabilitation. Emphasis is placed on the United States, as its registration requirements have been in place substantially longer than in India. The author concludes that, although these offender registries are designed to serve as a mode of crime prevention, they are not necessarily yielding optimal results.
Crowdsourcing the assessment of wine quality: Vivino ratings, professional critics, and the weather
Authors: Kopsacheilis Orestis , Analytis Pantelis P. , Kaushik Karthikeya , Herzog Stefan M. , Bahrami Bahador , Deroy Ophelia
Published: January 2025

Crowdsourcing platforms—such as Vivino—that aggregate the opinions of large numbers of amateur wine reviewers represent a new source of information on the wine market. We assess the validity of aggregated Vivino ratings based on two criteria: correlation with professional critics’ ratings and sensitivity to weather conditions affecting the quality of grapes. We construct a large, novel dataset consisting of Vivino ratings for a portfolio of red wines from Bordeaux, review scores from professional critics, and weather data from a local weather station. Vivino ratings correlate substantially with those of professional critics, but these correlations are smaller than those among professional critics. This difference can be partly attributed to differences in scope: Whereas amateurs focus on immediate pleasure, professionals gauge the wine’s potential once it has matured. Moreover, both crowdsourced and professional ratings respond to weather conditions in line with what viticulture literature has identified as ideal, but also hint to detrimental effects of global warming on wine quality. In sum, our results demonstrate that crowdsourced ratings are a valid source of information and can generate valuable insights for both consumers and producers.
Lucifer’s disordered love and the first-person perspective: an Augustinian account of primal sin
Authors: Seeman Bradley N.
Published: January 2025

Augustinian accounts of ‘primal sin’ face a dilemma: either ‘Lucifer’s’ fall is arbitrary, or it results from God creating a flawed creature. Augustine and others hold that an omnipotent God faces unavoidable limits in creating creatures. In particular, creatures cannot enjoy God’s own first-person awareness of God’s goods, but must experience them second-personally. The resulting qualitative phenomenological difference between (1) the first-person awareness Lucifer had of the goods of his own being, and (2) his second-person awareness of the goods of God means that self-regarding goods would ‘light up’ for Lucifer very differently than other-regarding goods. This opens a psychologically resonant and metaphysically potent account of how the pre-Fall Lucifer could have faced a genuine value conflict – a conflict for which God is not culpable – in which Lucifer might come to love the goods presented first-personally (his own) over the goods presented second-personally (God’s).
A terror management theory perspective on the appeal of historical myths
Authors: Pyszczynski Tom , Solomon Sheldon , Greenberg Jeff
Published: January 2025

Historical myths are appealing primarily because they provide people with views of life and their role in it as significant and enduring. These worldviews help people manage death anxiety by enabling them to view themselves as part of something great that stretches far into the past and endures indefinitely into the future. We review empirical evidence supporting this analysis.
Collective selfhood as a psychically necessary illusion
Authors: Fonagy Peter , Campbell Chloe
Published: January 2025

Drawing on developmental psychopathology and thinking about the we-mode of social cognition, we propose that historical myths – be they on the scale of the family, the nation, or an ethnic group – are an expression and function of our need to join with other minds. As such, historical myths are one cognitive technology used to facilitate social learning, the transmission of culture and the relational mentalizing that underpins social and emotional functioning.
Why some coalitions benefit from historical myths more than others
Authors: Snijder Luuk L. , De Dreu Carsten K.W.
Published: January 2025

Behavioural ecologies in themselves can create variation in fitness interdependencies among individuals, and hence modulate the functionality of invoking historical myths. We develop this possibility for the case where coalitions form to attack and exploit enemies, or to defend and protect against hostile out-groups. We propose that invoking historical myths are functional and observed especially when groups aggressively expand.
Past glories feel good but creative minorities push us forward
Authors: Kaufman James C. , Kashdan Todd B. , McKnight Patrick E.
Published: January 2025

Historical narratives can satisfy basic individual psychological needs. However, an over-reliance on a group's past can marginalize those who think differently – thus, homogenizing the culture and stifling creativity. By revising narratives to balance the power of collective narratives with the richness of individuality, we foster groups that encourage varied identities.
Beyond our “ancient roots”: Toward a broader understanding of the motivational power of societal meta-narratives
Authors: Akers Laura
Published: January 2025

The “historical myths” addressed in the target article are but one type of societal meta-narrative, a cognitive framework for understanding the story of one's group: Its origins, purpose, turning points, threats and opportunities, key relationships, and the appropriate affect for group members. Engagement with the broader literature on meta-narratives, including political and sacred myths, and on group entitativity is recommended.
Setting Limits for the Principle of Equal Entitlement to Continued Life
Authors: Moreno-Ternero Juan D. , Østerdal Lars Peter
Published: January 2025

The normative principle that every individual is equally entitled to continued life is a subject of debate in ethics, health economics and policy. We reconsider this principle in the context of setting priorities for healthcare interventions. When applied without restriction, the principle overlooks quality of life concerns entirely. However, we contend that it remains ethically relevant in certain situations, particularly when patients suffer from conditions unrelated to the therapeutic areas and treatments under consideration. Thus, we defend the principle while also emphasizing the need for its application within tight limits.
Evaluation of the implementation of governmental policies and actions to create healthy food environments in Burkina Faso
Authors: Tapsoba Viviane Aurélie , Compaore Ella WR , Zeba Augustin Nawidimbasba , Some Jerome Winbetourefa , Manga Julien Soliba , Diouf Adama , Moubarac Jean-Claude , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Dicko Mamoudou H
Published: January 2025

Objective:

The creation of a healthy food environment is highly dependent on the policies that governments choose to implement. The objective of this study is to compare the level of implementation of current public policies aimed at creating healthy food environments in Burkina Faso with international good practice indicators.

Design:

This evaluation was carried out using the Food-EPI tool. The tool has two components (policy and infrastructure support), thirteen domains and fifty-six good practice indicators adapted to the Burkina Faso context.

Setting:

Burkina Faso.

Participants:

Expert evaluators divided into two groups: the group of independent experts from universities, NGO and civil society and the group of experts from various government sectors.

Results:

Among the fifty-six indicators, it was assessed the level of implementation as ‘high’ for six indicators, ‘medium’ for twenty-four indicators, ‘low’ for twenty-two indicators and ‘very low’ for four indicators. High implementation level indicators include strong and visible political support, targets on exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding, strong and visible political support for actions to combat all forms of malnutrition, monitoring of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding indicators, monitoring of promotion and growth surveillance programmes and coordination mechanism (national, state and local government). The indicators on menu labelling, reducing taxes on healthy foods, increasing taxes on unhealthy foods and dietary guidelines are the indicators with a ‘very low’ level of implementation in Burkina Faso.

Conclusions:

The general results showed that there is a clear need for further improvements in policy and infrastructure support to promote healthy food environments.
Seasonal Predictability of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation Based on the Current Dynamical Models
Authors: Zhou Chenguang , Ren Hong‐Li , Xu Wenwen , Jie Weihua , Yin Xunqiang
Published: January 2025

The quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) is the dominant mode of interannual variability in the tropical stratosphere and influences climate worldwide. This study investigates the seasonal predictability of QBO in eight dynamical forecasting models from international operational centers and organizations. Results show that current dynamical models have high skills in predicting the QBO evolution benefiting from their capability of characterizing the typical downward propagation of QBO. Further analyses show that most models can reasonably reproduce the QBO teleconnection patterns, but with weaker amplitude than observation, which may be due to the underestimation of the Holton‐Tan effect in models. Prediction skills of the QBO teleconnections to winter surface climate patterns are not yet satisfactory in some models though they have quite high QBO skills. These results provide a comprehensive evaluation of current status of the QBO dynamical seasonal prediction and thus a deeper understanding of the QBO seasonal predictability, which would shed light on predicting QBO and its teleconnection.
Phases of Magmatism and Tectonics Along the Madagascar‐Comoros Volcanic Chain, and Synchronous Changes in the Kinematics of the Lwandle and Somalia Plates
Authors: Rusquet Anaïs , Famin Vincent , Michon Laurent , Quidelleur Xavier , Nauret François , Danišík Martin , Ruffet Gilles , Berthod Carole , Revillon Sidonie , Bachèlery Patrick , Thinon Isabelle , Lemoine Anne , Leroy Sylvie , Zaragosi Sébastien , Thivet Simon , Bernard Julien , Gourbet Loraine , Médard Etienne , Toulier Alix
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to solve the longstanding debate on the origin of the Comoros volcanic archipelago (Mozambique Channel, Indian Ocean) concerning whether it represents a hotspot trail or a boundary between the Lwandle and Somalia plates in possible connection with the East African Rift System (EARS). To achieve this goal, we analyzed rock samples from recently discovered and previously uninvestigated volcanoes and edifices by means of geochemistry and geochronology. Major‐trace element analyses and radiometric dating (40Ar/39Ar, K‐Ar, and (U‐Th)/He) allow us to identify a widespread phase of Comorian volcanism initiated at 9–8 Ma, involving the Zélée, Geyser, and Leven banks, three atolls east of the Comoros. Another tectono‐magmatic phase initiated at 2.5 Ma led to a N‐S widening of seamount volcanism, and to the progressive development of en‐échelon NW‐SE structures. With this new addition of atolls and seamounts, the Comoros Archipelago becomes a ∼700 km‐long, ∼200 km‐wide E‐W chain extending from the Cenozoic volcanoes of Madagascar to the EARS. The reactivation of this chain at 9–8 and 2.5 Ma coincides with abrupt changes in the motion of the Somalia plate relative to the Lwandle plate, and with plate boundary modifications. The en‐échelon reorganization of structures also matches the kinematic evolution of Somalia relative to Lwandle, from transtension (>3 Ma) to pure dextral slip (≤3 Ma) in the northern Mozambique Channel. We conclude that the Madagascar‐Comoros volcanic chain is a branch of the EARS and a plate boundary, further strengthening the link between magmatism and the Rovuma‐Lwandle‐Somalia plate kinematics.
Rainfall‐Driven Extreme Snowmelt Will Increase in the Tianshan and Pamir Regions Under Future Climate Projection
Authors: Yang Tao , Chen Xi , Hamdi Rafiq , Li Lanhai , Cui Fengqi , De Maeyer Philippe , Duan Weili
Published: January 2025

Snowmelt and related extreme events can have profound natural and societal impacts. However, the studies on projected changes in snow‐related extremes across the Tianshan Mountains (TS) and Pamir regions have been underexplored. Utilizing regional climate model downscaling and bias‐corrected CMIP6 data, this study examined the changes in snowmelt and water available for runoff (SMROS, rainfall plus snowmelt) during the cold seasons across these regions for historical (1994–2014) and future (2040–2060) periods under shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP245 and SSP585). The results demonstrated that accumulated snowmelt was projected to rise by 17.98% and 20.36%, whereas SMROS could increase by 26.97% and 28.95%, respectively, under SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios. Despite relatively minimal changes in extreme snowmelt, the magnitude of the historical daily maximum extreme SMROS (10‐year return level) was 28.04 mm and was expected to increase by 15.32% and 15.31% under the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios, respectively, especially in western TS exceeding 26%. Meanwhile, areas with a daily extreme SMROS exceeding 50 mm could rise by over 13.5%. A notable rise in daily extreme SMROS and its area occupation in high intensity highlighted an increased risk of rainfall‐driven extreme snowmelt events. The absolute increase in snowfall and frequent snow‐rain phase transitions during the cold season under climate warming (SSP245: 2.19°C and SSP585: 2.22°C) benefits the increase in high‐intensity rain‐on‐snow events, leading to extreme SMROS augmentation. The findings emphasize the significant role of rainfall‐trigger snowmelt events in exacerbating extreme snowmelt in a warming climate.
Host-microbe computational proteomic landscape in oral cancer revealed key functional and metabolic pathways between Fusobacterium nucleatum and cancer progression
Authors: Muñoz-Grez Camila Paz , Vidal Mabel Angélica , Rojas Tamara Beatriz , Ferrada Luciano Esteban , Zuñiga Felipe Andrés , Vera Agustin Andrés , Sanhueza Sergio Andrés , Quiroga Romina Andrea , Cabrera Camilo Daniel , Antilef Barbara Evelyn , Cartes Ricardo Andrés , Acevedo Milovan Paolo , Fraga Marco Andrés , Alarcón-Zapata Pedro Felipe , Hernández Mauricio Alejandro , Salas-Burgos Alexis Marcelo , Tapia-Belmonte Francisco , Yáñez Milly Loreto , Riquelme Erick Marcelo , González Wilfredo Alejandro , Rivera Cesar Andrés , Oñate Angel Alejandro , Lamperti Liliana Ivonne , Nova-Lamperti Estefanía
Published: January 2025

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common manifestation of oral cancer. It has been proposed that periodontal pathogens contribute to OSCC progression, mainly by their virulence factors. However, the main periodontal pathogen and its mechanism to modulate OSCC cells remains not fully understood. In this study we investigate the main host-pathogen pathways in OSCC by computational proteomics and the mechanism behind cancer progression by the oral microbiome. The main host-pathogen pathways were analyzed in the secretome of biopsies from patients with OSCC and healthy controls by mass spectrometry. Then, functional assays were performed to evaluate the host-pathogen pathways highlighted in oral cancer. Host proteins associated with LPS response, cell migration/adhesion, and metabolism of amino acids were significantly upregulated in the human cancer proteome, whereas the complement cascade was downregulated in malignant samples. Then, the microbiome analysis revealed large number and variety of peptides from Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in OSCC samples, from which several enzymes from the L-glutamate degradation pathway were found, indicating that L-glutamate from cancer cells is used as an energy source, and catabolized into butyrate by the bacteria. In fact, we observed that F. nucleatum modulates the cystine/glutamate antiporter in an OSCC cell line by increasing SLC7A11 expression, promoting L-glutamate efflux and favoring bacterial infection. Finally, our results showed that F. nucleatum and its metabolic derivates promote tumor spheroids growth, spheroids-derived cell detachment, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and Galectin-9 upregulation. Altogether, F. nucleatum promotes pro-tumoral mechanism in oral cancer.
Neuronal guidance factor Sema3A inhibits neurite ingrowth and prevents chondrocyte hypertrophy in the degeneration of knee cartilage in mice, monkeys and humans
Authors: Huang Shishu , Gao Dashuang , Li Zhenxia , He Hongchen , Yu Xi , You Xuanhe , Wu Diwei , Du Ze , Zeng Jiancheng , Shi Xiaojun , Hu Qinshen , Nie Yong , Zhang Zhong , Luo Zeyu , Wang Duan , Zhao Zhihe , Li Lingli , Wang Guanglin , Wang Liping , Zhou Zongke , Chen Di , Yang Fan
Published: January 2025

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease accompanied with the loss of cartilage and consequent nociceptive symptoms. Normal articular cartilage maintains at aneural state. Neuron guidance factor Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is a membrane-associated secreted protein with chemorepulsive properties for axons. However, the role of Sema3A in articular cartilage is still not clear. In the present studies, we investigated the functions of Sema3A in OA development in mice, non-human primates, and patients with OA. Sema3A has a protective effect on cartilage degradation, validated by the organoid culture in vitro and confirmed in chondrocyte-specific Sema3A conditional knockout mice. We demonstrated that Sema3A is a key molecule in maintaining cartilage homeostasis from chondrocyte hypertrophy via activating the PI3K pathway. The potential usage of Sema3A for OA treatment was validated in mouse and Rhesus macaque OA models through intra-articular injection of Sema3A, and also in patients by administering Sema3A containing platelet-rich plasma into the knee joints. Our studies demonstrated that Sema3A exerts a critical role in inhibiting neurite ingrowth and preventing chondrocyte hypertrophy in cartilage, and could be potentially used for OA treatment.
High patient acceptance of immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) as part of a one-stop see-and-treat pathway within an innovative NHS cataract unit
Authors: Alsusa Maher , Ahmad Shakeel , Smith Zoe , Evans Sam , Wilkinson Elizabeth , Roberts Harry
Published: January 2025

Background

Constituting ~0.5% of all NHS cataract operations, national provision of immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) is limited. Combining offering ISBCS within a novel one-stop see-and-treat (S&T) cataract pathway would offer patients the opportunity for two cataract operations in a single hospital visit. Patient acceptance of ISBCS amongst urban populations has been investigated. However, little is understood about ISBCS acceptance rurally.

Methods

Retrospective observational study at the Nightingale Hospital, Exeter investigating patient acceptance of ISBCS within S&T; following the implementation of a S&T cataract pathway entailing a pre-operative patient-clinician telephone consultation and subsequently scheduled single date of assessment and surgery. Patient acceptance and factors potentially influencing decisions were investigated.

Results

200 patient telephone consultations between 22nd August 2023 and 9th January 2024 were evaluated. 198 (99%) patients referred were suitable for S&T cataract surgery, of whom 109 (54.5%) were deemed eligible for offering ISBCS S&T cataract surgery. Of the eligible participants, 78 (71.56%) favoured ISBCS. No significant differences in age, sex, distance from hospital or refractive data were identified between ISBCS accepting and declining participants.

Conclusions

Our results illustrate a high patient acceptance rate (71.56%) of ISBCS within our population in contrast with published national rates. Offering ISBCS within a S&T model would allow patients to benefit from having both cataracts assessed and treated within a single hospital visit.
The transcription factor GABPA is a master regulator of naive pluripotency
Authors: Zhou Chengjie , Wang Meng , Zhang Chunxia , Zhang Yi
Published: January 2025

The establishment of naive pluripotency is a continuous process starting with the generation of inner cell mass (ICM) that then differentiates into epiblast (EPI). Recent studies have revealed key transcription factors (TFs) for ICM formation, but which TFs initiate EPI specification remains unknown. Here, using a targeted rapid protein degradation system, we show that GABPA is not only a regulator of major ZGA, but also a master EPI specifier required for naive pluripotency establishment by regulating 47% of EPI genes during E3.5 to E4.5 transition. Chromatin binding dynamics analysis suggests that GABPA controls EPI formation at least partly by binding to the ICM gene promoters occupied by the pluripotency regulators TFAP2C and SOX2 at E3.5 to establish naive pluripotency at E4.5. Our study not only uncovers GABPA as a master pluripotency regulator, but also supports the notion that mammalian pluripotency establishment requires a dynamic and stepwise multi-TF regulatory network.
International multicenter validation of AI-driven ultrasound detection of ovarian cancer
Authors: Christiansen Filip , Konuk Emir , Ganeshan Adithya Raju , Welch Robert , Palés Huix Joana , Czekierdowski Artur , Leone Francesco Paolo Giuseppe , Haak Lucia Anna , Fruscio Robert , Gaurilcikas Adrius , Franchi Dorella , Fischerova Daniela , Mor Elisa , Savelli Luca , Pascual Maria Àngela , Kudla Marek Jerzy , Guerriero Stefano , Buonomo Francesca , Liuba Karina , Montik Nina , Alcázar Juan Luis , Domali Ekaterini , Pangilinan Nelinda Catherine P. , Carella Chiara , Munaretto Maria , Saskova Petra , Verri Debora , Visenzi Chiara , Herman Pawel , Smith Kevin , Epstein Elisabeth
Published: January 2025

Ovarian lesions are common and often incidentally detected. A critical shortage of expert ultrasound examiners has raised concerns of unnecessary interventions and delayed cancer diagnoses. Deep learning has shown promising results in the detection of ovarian cancer in ultrasound images; however, external validation is lacking. In this international multicenter retrospective study, we developed and validated transformer-based neural network models using a comprehensive dataset of 17,119 ultrasound images from 3,652 patients across 20 centers in eight countries. Using a leave-one-center-out cross-validation scheme, for each center in turn, we trained a model using data from the remaining centers. The models demonstrated robust performance across centers, ultrasound systems, histological diagnoses and patient age groups, significantly outperforming both expert and non-expert examiners on all evaluated metrics, namely F1 score, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Cohen’s kappa, Matthew’s correlation coefficient, diagnostic odds ratio and Youden’s J statistic. Furthermore, in a retrospective triage simulation, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven diagnostic support reduced referrals to experts by 63% while significantly surpassing the diagnostic performance of the current practice. These results show that transformer-based models exhibit strong generalization and above human expert-level diagnostic accuracy, with the potential to alleviate the shortage of expert ultrasound examiners and improve patient outcomes.
Psychological profiles associated with mental, cognitive and brain health in middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Bartrés-Faz David , Demnitz-King Harriet , Cabello-Toscano María , Vaqué-Alcázar Lídia , Saunders Rob , Touron Edelweiss , Cattaneo Gabriele , Gonneaud Julie , Klimecki Olga , Bargalló Núria , Sánchez-Solana Javier , Tormos José M. , Chételat Gäel , Pascual-Leone Álvaro , Marchant Natalie L. ,   the Medit-Ageing Research Group, André Claire , Bachelet Romain , Baez Lugo Sebastian , Chocat Anne , Collette Fabienne , Coll-Padros Nina , Dautricourt Sophie , De La Sayette Vincent , Delarue Marion , Ferrand Devouge Eglantine , Frison Eric , Goldet Karine , Jessen Frank , Krolak-Salmon Pierre , Kuhn Elizabeth , Landeau Brigitte , Lefranc Valérie , Lutz Antoine , Mezenge Florence , Meiberth Dix , Michel Laurence , Molinuevo José Luis , Ourry Valentin , Poisnel Géraldine , Quillard Anne , Rauchs Géraldine , Salmon Eric , Schild Ann-Katrin , Schimmer Corinne , Smagghe Delphine , Smith Rhonda , Schlosser Marco , Vuilleumier Patrik , Wallet Cédrick , Walker Zuzana , Whitfield Tim , Wirth Miranka
Published: January 2025

Psychological characteristics are associated with varying dementia risk and protective factors. To determine whether these characteristics aggregate into psychological profiles and whether these profiles differentially relate to aging health, we conducted a cross-sectional investigation in two independent middle-aged (51.4 ± 7.0 years (mean ± s.d.); N = 750) and older adult (71.1 ± 5.9 years; N = 282) cohorts, supplemented by longitudinal analyses in the former. Using a person-centered approach, three profiles emerged in both cohorts: those with low protective characteristics (profile 1), high risk characteristics (profile 2) and well-balanced characteristics (profile 3). Profile 1 showed the worst objective cognition in older age and middle age (at follow-up), and most rapid cortical thinning. Profile 2 exhibited the worst mental health symptomology and lowest sleep quality in both older age and middle age. We identified profile-dependent divergent patterns of associations that may suggest two distinct paths for mental, cognitive and brain health, emphasizing the need for comprehensive psychological assessments in dementia prevention research to identify groups for more personalized behavior-change strategies.
Cr-MOF composited with facet-engineered bimetallic alloys for inducing photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to C2H4
Authors: Lu Xiang-Yu , Wang Peng , Qiu Zhao-Feng , Sun Wei-Yin
Published: January 2025

MIL-101(Cr) composited with Pt/Pd nanoalloy exposing the {111} facet can photocatalytically convert CO2 to C2H4, while the one exposing the {100} one has no such capability, demonstrating the importance of facets in photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Innovative strategies for designing and constructing efficient fuel cell electrocatalysts
Authors: Huang Chengming , Wang Fangzheng , Chen Xia , Li Jing , Shao Minhua , Wei Zidong
Published: January 2025

This review summarizes the important research advances of low-Pt and non-precious metal fuel cell electrocatalysts.
Effect of particle size and coenobium on KCl and NaCl flotation kinetics
Authors: Wang Yan , Chen Peng , Chen Tianxing , Yi Hao , Xia Ling , Song Shaoxian , Jia Feifei
Published: January 2025

Optimum particle size: 75–150 μm; higher KCl content in coenobium is better.
Zero-dimensional cadmium halide with broad band yellow light emission for white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Lin Na , Hu Zhao-Yang , Zhang Xin-Yue , Zhang Yu , Sun Kai-Qi , Lei Xiao-Wu , Jing Zhihong , Chen Zhi-Wei
Published: January 2025

A new zero-dimensional (0D) cadmium halide (BAPPz)Cd2Br8·2H2O with an optically active center emits broadband yellow-white light and shows potential as a new phosphor for high-CRI and energy-efficient white-light-emitting diodes.
Superconductivity and high hardness in scandium-borides under pressure
Authors: Tao Xiangru , Yang Aiqin , Quan Yundi , Zhang Peng
Published: January 2025

Superconductivity and high hardness are discovered in scandium-borides at ambient and intermediate pressures.
From photocatalysis to photon–phonon co-driven catalysis for methanol reforming to hydrogen and valuable by-products
Authors: Wang Hui , Harkou Eleana , Constantinou Achilleas , Al-Salemc Sultan M. , Manos George , Tang Junwang
Published: January 2025

This review discusses methanol reforming for H2 and valuable chemical synthesis by photocatalysis and photon–phonon co-driven processes, respectively, including catalyst design, mechanistic insights, reactor design strategies, etc.
Chromium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of CO2 to formate using isopropanol under ambient pressure
Authors: Singh Tushar , Chakraborty Subrata
Published: January 2025

Transfer hydrogenation of CO2 to formate was achieved utilizing earth abundant, bio-compatible, less toxic chromium complexes in the presence of isopropanol, achieving a TON of up to 2231.
Impacts of β-diketonate terminal ligands on slow magnetic relaxation and luminescence thermometry in dinuclear DyIII single-molecule magnets
Authors: Germano Bispo-Jr Airton , Alves Gálico Diogo , Ovens Jeffrey S. , Aparecido Sigoli Fernando , Murugesu Muralee
Published: January 2025

Influence of coordination environment and electronic structure on slow magnetic relaxation and luminescent thermometry of dinuclear DyIII SMMs with optical and magnetic properties.
Monitoring CO as a plant signaling molecule under heavy metal stress using carbon nanodots
Authors: Mondal Shrodha , Sarkar Olivia , Mandal Santi M. , Chattopadhyay Ansuman , Sahoo Prithidipa
Published: January 2025

Though CO is a significant environmental pollutant, it serves a pivotal role as a signaling molecule in plants. A novel fluorescent nanodot has been developed for in vivo monitoring of CO inside the plant cells.
Environmental impact of an acid-forming alum shale waste rock legacy site in Norway
Authors: Pelkonen Mila K. , Reinoso-Maset Estela , Law Gareth T. W. , Lind Ole Christian , Skipperud Lindis
Published: January 2025

Weathering of acid-forming alum shale might lead to the mobilization of potentially harmful contaminants, including U, while precipitation of secondary phases in the surrounding environment can act as a temporary storage for leachable contaminants.
A lactic acid dioxolane as a bio-based solvent for lithium-ion batteries: physicochemical and electrochemical investigations of lithium imide-based electrolytes
Authors: Melchiorre Massimo , Teoh Khai Shin , Gómez Urbano Juan Luis , Ruffo Francesco , Balducci Andrea
Published: January 2025

This work is the first report of a suitable formulation and application in lithium-ion battery full-cells of an electrolyte incorporating the novel bio-based solvent 5-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-one (LA-H,H) with imide-based salts.
A novel double disc electrode excitation method for oil elemental analysis in rotating disc electrode-optical emission spectrometry (RDE-OES)
Authors: Huang Jinfan , Fu Xiao , Li Cunjun , Niu Guangyue , Duan Fa-Jie , Chen Xianlei , Hao Huadong
Published: January 2025

A novel excitation method using a double disc electrode structure is proposed.