bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the effectiveness of students' progress assessment in a mixed learning environment at Lac Hong University
Authors: V. D. Van Phuong , T. Lam Hien , P. Le Truong
Published: November 2021

Thanking to the application of digital technology in education, students are obtaining outstanding benefits such as diverse learning resources, more learning flexibility in both time and place. However, besides these advantages, students must wisely avoid inappropriate information sources and trends by selecting and following the right way to receive, learn and process information. In the competence-development-learning model, students become the center being proactive in selecting information, analyzing and proposing solutions for problems with support from lecturers and reference resources. Many questions exist and require educational institution and faculty to answers such as how to assess students' understanding and if it is in the right direction; how to see students’ progress to assist students positive change; how to conduct formative assessment throughout the entire student progress instead only summative ones (in final exam, final product). This paper reflects the practical results to answer these above questions when applying ePortfolio in assessing students’ performance in the blended learning environment at Lac Hong University. The research is conducted as a part of EMVITET Erasmus+ project.
Digital capacity in current education 4.0 development tendency
Authors: D.V Van Phuong , T. Lam Hien , T. Nguyen Lam
Published: November 2021

The development of science and technology has had a strong impact on the education environment recently. The integration of digital technologies and tools in teaching and learning activities and curricula have renovated the role of the schools, educators, and learners. Accordingly, learners are at the center of the learning process while educators and schools create suitable conditions to promote creativity and autonomy in the learners' spirit. Both educators and learners need to have knowledge about digital capabilities which is one of the essential competencies in the 21st century
Applying Digital Pedagogy at HCMC Industry and Trade College
Authors: H. Ho Nam , T. Nguyen Thang
Published: November 2021

In EMVITET Erasmus+ capacity building project the digital pedagogy has been a very central theme in developing Education 4.0. Digital pedagogy plays an essential role in modern education and its role in ensuring and improving the quality of training is even further emphasised when COVID-19 pandemic is still unpredictable around the world. However, thorough application of digital pedagogy at HCMC Industry and Trade College (HITC) has not received proper attention from the majority of lecturers. The authors have applied digital pedagogy to teach theory with the main goal of assessing student satisfaction and the results show that the digital pedagogy is feasible to ensure and improve the quality of training in present and in the future.
Implementing digital tools to motivate graphic design students at HVCT to study actively in the period of covid19 pandemic
Authors: N. Pham Hoa , D.K. Nguyen Ngan
Published: November 2021

In the period of the Covid 19 pandemic, because of social distancing policy, students were not allowed to go to school in person. In that situation, a Graphic Design class (C18DHO) with 21 students was selected to study online. At the beginning of the course, half of them were not ready to study only as being at home. This article describes an online teaching procedure of 4 specialisms; three of them applied at least 3 digital tools to organise online class activities; the other one only used 2 tools to organise the online class. The author interviewed teachers, conducted surveys of students’ opinions, collected results to analyse and evaluate them. The results showed that: digital tools help teachers manage their students learning effectively and attract them to get involved in the lessons; digital tools motivate Graphic Design students to study actively and gain good learning outcomes. It can be concluded that teaching Graphic Design students online can be successfully deployed if teaching procedure and suggested digital tools are implemented. This way of teaching can be applied to teaching courses that have the same characteristics as Graphic Design courses.
Structure and Procedure for Developing an Online Course
Authors: P. Diep Chi , T.L. Nguyen Giang , T. Vo Nga
Published: November 2021

Online teaching or e-learning allows learners to participate in a virtual classroom environment based on web and based on digital applications or digital tools, to interact with learning content and (possibly) with teacher and other peers from a long distance to achieve learning goals defined by their learning needs. The article provides some theoretical backgrounds of online teaching related to the advantages and limitations of online teaching, the forms of online teaching (synchronous learning, asynchronous learning, blended learning), structure of implementing an online course supporting dialogical and deep learning. The article also shares the experiences of Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education (HCMUTE) in implementing online teaching, especially asynchronous teaching on learning management systems (LMS, FHQLMS) and gives some recommendations for lecturers to improve the quality of organizing online courses. Based on the theoretical analysis method with the literature review and the synthesis of practical education experience from HCMUTE, a four-step and 5W-1H online course design process is suggested
The Global Nomadic Art Project (Gnap) In Bulgaria
Authors: Art Group „DUPPINI“
Published: November 2021

The article presents the Bulgarian Duppini Art Group as a founding member of the Global Nomadic Art Project 2014–2020 of the Korean group for nature art YATOO. It especially focuses on the Rural Stages. Southeastern Europe 2017 – Project, which was hosted by Duppini Art Group in Gabrovtsi from 1 to 10 July 2017. Besides the narrative descriptions it also provides links to one short video and four catalogues available on the Internet.
Interpretation of Cultural Heritage by Visual Research in Real, “In Situ” and Museum Environment
Authors: Nenov Ivelin
Published: November 2021

The interpretation of the cultural heritage is presented in the context of the possibilities of ICT for the promotion of tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Examples for the use of Augmented reality (AR) for the presentation of European cultural heritage are explored. There were presented opportunities for interpretation of the cultural heritage through visual research with information and communication technologies (ICT) in real “in situ” and museum environment by examples from Bulgaria for the use of the “Method of interaction of the arts in interpreting and presenting the cultural heritage through Information and Communication Technologies “and in particular with the use of augmented reality, introduced with the dissertation work “Protecting Bulgaria’s cultural heritage in the context of the synthesis of architecture and Fine Arts” (Nenov 2016). The possibilities of the method are discribed in the projects for “Revitalization of Ancient and Medieval fortress Hotalich Sevlievo” and a project for virtual presentation of the archaeological sites of the cultural heritage with category “national significance” – “Ancient and Medieval Fortress in the Horizon neighbourhood” and “Temple of Kibela Balchik” – an interactive and children’s museum in open and indoor, created by a team with head arch. Ivelin Nenov. These sites have created an environment for interpretation and presentation of the cultural heritage through visual interactions in a real “in situ” and museum environment. The specific methodology used by the team to investigate the examined objects could serve as a basis for a new approach for documention, exhibition, preservаtion and socializiation of ruinous cultural heritage. The Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) that have been used are presented as an extremely flexible tool for the promotion of tangible and intangible cultural values among a wide range of target groups of local and foreign socio-cultural communities.
Dilemme des prises en charges ambulatoires non couvertes par la circulaire frontière : exemple des syncopes, un problème, un coût, une solution
Authors: Bouvet Sophie , Castelli Christel , Thevenin Jerome , André Adeline , Fages Marion , Baldé Mamadou
Published: November 2021

Introduction - L’étude OCCO (Outpatient Care-Cost Optimization) porte sur l’optimisation du financement des prises en charge ambulatoires non couvertes par la circulaire frontière. Son objectif est de proposer un modèle innovant d’organisation et de financement de ces prises en charge. Le présent travail, vise à quantifier l’impact de la mise en œuvre d’une nouvelle solution de financement à travers l’exemple de la prise en charge diagnostique de la syncope. Méthodes – La méthodologie des arbres de décision a été utilisée pour estimer et comparer les coûts globaux des différentes stratégies de financement. Une analyse de Monte Carlo probabiliste a été réalisée et une analyse de sensibilité a permis d’appréhender la robustesse des résultats. Résultats - Le coût moyen de prise en charge dans la stratégie actuelle est estimé à 888€ (sd=92€) contre 854€ (sd=73€) dans la stratégie de demain incluant la nouvelle solution de financement des soins à hauteur d’un financement forfaitaire compris entre 221.37€ (correspondant à l’évaluation du coût de la prise en charge) et 247.91€ (correspondant aux coûts évitables estimés). En l’absence de différence significative sur la différence de coût moyenne, nous pouvons montrer que l’implémentation d’un nouveau mode de financement pour la prise en charge des syncopes pourrait permettre une prise en charge optimale en terme d’organisation des soins, sans surcoût pour la collectivité. Discussion/Conclusion - La mise en place de cet ajustement financier et l’adéquation entre les besoins cliniques, humains et financiers sont les atouts majeurs pour la réussite et le recours à cette solution de financement.
Finding a Chulu (Way Out): Rural-origin Chinese Students Studying Abroad in South Korea
Authors: Lan Shanshan
Published: November 2021

Based on multi-site research in China and South Korea, this paper examines the motivations for rural-origin Chinese students to study abroad in South Korea and how their overseas experiences are mediated by both internal and international educational hierarchies. Existing literature
on transnational student mobility from Asia mainly focuses on students from urban middle-class backgrounds, while little attention has been paid to students from less advantaged backgrounds. Scholars have noted that China's seemingly meritocratic gaokao (national college entrance exam)
policy in reality functions to perpetuate the structural marginalization of rural students in its educational system. This research moves beyond the internal migration paradigm by examining how social inequalities associated with the rural/urban divide are reproduced and re-articulated by
the intersection of class, gender, place of origin, and time management at the transnational scale.
Literature and Project-Based Learning and Learning Outcomes of Young Children
Authors: Prachagool Veena
Published: November 2021

In the early years, children learn by taking an action and touching opportunities which experiences the world as much as possible. It is an internal process that allows children to meaningfully reflect their experiences from abstract to further learning. Literature and project-based learning management is a learning approach that strengthens the attitude of the pursuit of knowledge, helping children to have a habit of reading, creating opportunities to leading in the discovery of something meaningful to life. The research objectives were to study learning outcomes of young children through literature and project-based learning. Twenty-five young children were studied and reported their learning outcomes. Data were collected through variety of methods: observation, debriefing focus group, and interviews after the scenario. Data were collected by qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings indicated that young children had the highest level of understanding and ability to manage literary learning and projects. They also had ability to provide the most literary and project management environment were ranges low and highest based on the different perception and potential of learning. It can be recommended literature and project-based learning is suitable for early childhood education.
The Influence of Heating Degree Days on Fuelwood Consumption in Households in Selected Countries of Central and Southeastern Europe
Authors: Petrović Slavica
Published: November 2021

Serbia is one of the few European countries that does not keep official statistics and does not have data on heating degree days. A heating degree day (HDD) represents a measure to quantify the energy needs for heating a building. In order to create a database, six meteorological stations in Serbia had been selected, for which the heating degree days were calculated for every year in the period 2010-2018. The months with the highest values of heating degree days were also determined for each year of the analyzed period. In addition to the annual level, heating degree days in the heating seasons over the analyzed period were calculated for the six selected stations, as well as the length and the average air temperature of each heating season. In Serbia, heating season officially lasts from October 15 to April 15. To determine the influence of the calculated annual heating degree days on fuelwood consumption in households in Serbia, over the period 2010-2018, multiple econometric models were formulated. The influence of the annual values of heating degree days on fuelwood consumption for household space heating in Slovenia and Croatia was analyzed, as well. The analysis of energy consumption in the households of the selected countries showed that wood fuels are mostly used for heating, primarily fuelwood. This is the reason why this type of fuel was selected for the research.
Jaka ma być ochrona gatunkowa? Część III. Uwagi o potrzebie zmiany rozporządzenia o ochronie gatunkowej roślin
Authors: Fałtynowicz Wiesław
Published: November 2021

Streszczenie

W artykule przedstawiono krytyczne uwagi do rozporządzenia o ochronie gatunkowej roślin, dotyczące m.in. zbyt dużej liczby zawartych w nim gatunków (ponad 700), czy też niekonsekwentnego stosowania kryteriów. Wskazano również na emocjonalne podejście do ochrony niektórych roślin, uwzględniające ich urodę, a nie stan zagrożenia. Podano przykłady roślin chronionych mimo ich wyłącznej obecności w parkach narodowych, a także gatunków trudnych do odszukania i oznaczenia nawet przez specjalistów. Zarzucono nadużycie zasady przezorności oraz umieszczenie w rozporządzeniu gatunków, których ochrona jest możliwa wyłącznie z równoczesną ochroną ich siedlisk.
Geohistória da mundialização: o caso da expansão do Islã na África a partir de Ibn Khaldun
Authors: Teixeira Rodrigo Corrêa , Pereira Luiz , Lima Joelton
Published: November 2021

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre Ibn Khaldun e o mito da "invasão árabe" no Norte da África. Por meio de uma análise da obra de Ibn Khaldun e à luz da crítica de Edward Said sobre um pensamento ocidental acerca do oriente (Orientalismo), questiona-se uma narrativa eurocêntrica na qual os árabes não conseguem gerar conhecimento, apenas transportá-lo. Busca-se, portanto, uma contribuição para estudos sobre o Sul Global.
Distribuição Espacial do Potencial Erosivo das Chuvas do ano de 2016 no Município de Petrópolis- RJ: Uma Contribuição ao Clima Urbano
Authors: Tavares Camila de Moraes Gomes , Silva Michaela Campos e , Oliveira Thiago Alves de , Ferreira Cássia de Castro Martins
Published: November 2021

Estudar o potencial erosivo das chuvas permite uma contribuição significativa ao clima urbano, uma vez que, é possível a identificação das áreas em que o potencial erosivo é maior/ menor assim como dos períodos do ano em que a chuva tem maior potencial de erosão do solo. Assim, compreendendo tais condições é possível pensar nas medidas de mitigação, de planejamento e gestão de uso da terra em relação as medidas a serem aplicadas a fim de redução dos impactos pluviométricos no espaço urbano (sobretudo os movimentos de massa). A distribuição da erosividade mensal das chuvas demonstrou que os bairros Posse e Pedro do Rio foram os mais presentes dentre os bairros mais relevantes em relação aos maiores valores de potencial erosivo das chuvas (EI30). O mês com a maior quantidade de bairros com EI30 expressivos para o ano de 2016 foi fevereiro (7 bairros) seguido de janeiro (6 bairros) e novembro e dezembro (ambos com 5 bairros). Assim, o período mais indicado para planejamento e execução das medidas de prevenção em termos de manejo e uso do solo e cobertura da terra no município de Petrópolis foram os meses março, abril, maio, julho, agosto, setembro e outubro, enquanto que os demais apresentaram tanto elevados valores de EI30  quanto de bairros com registros de EI30 significativos (sendo, portanto o período em que as ações preventivas, de manejo e gestão já devam estar em vigor).
Digitalisierung im Gesellschaftsrecht
Authors: Weber Charlotte
Published: November 2021

The online formation of a limited liability company (GmbH) will be available to all EU nationals from August 2022. This digitization step is attributable to the EU Digitization Directive as part of the EU Company Law Package. The author examines the provisions of the directive, compares them with the applicable company and notarization law, discusses the implementation options and evaluates the national draft laws. The analysis of the background of European law can be used for questions of interpretation of the law on the implementation of the Digitalization Directive (DiRUG), which has been passed in the meantime, and serves as a basis for further reforms and digitalization efforts.
Pruritus, as a Neglected Symptom, in Opioid Poisoning in Children
Authors: Farnaghi Fariba , Abbasi Ghadi Marjaneh , Gachkar Latif , Hassanian Moghaddam Hossein
Published: November 2021

Background: Opioid poisoning is common and fatal childhood poisoning in Iran with nonspecific, hidden, vague, and misleading clinical manifestations in some cases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate and emphasize pruritus, as a neglected and helpful symptom in this important poisoning. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, one hundred pediatrics patients (< 14 years) with opioid poisoning who were referred to Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran-Iran, from April 2018 to April 2019 were enrolled the study. Demographic data including age, sex, type of poisoning, clinical manifestations including pruritus, its onset, location, duration, and therapy, also laboratory findings including complete blood count (CBC) and Eosinophilia recorded in patient-specific information forms. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software. Results: The patients’ mean age was 43.4 ± 31.4 months. Fifty-seven (57%) of them were male. Fifty-two (52%) of them reported Pruritus that in 84% observed in face. In 31% of children, itching resulted in skin scratches. The most common clinical manifestations were CNS depression (93%), respiratory suppression (68%), vomiting (52%), pruritus (52%), and meiosis (51%). There was no significant relationship between pruritus and gender, age, laboratory findings, family history of addiction, and allergy. Pruritus had a significant difference with Respiratory suppression (apnea, bradypnea, cyanosis), meiosis, vomiting, and redness of the skin (P-value: 0.05, 0.003, 0.009, and 0.002, respectively). Pruritus was controlled by naloxone in all of our patients. Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, pruritus is a common and helpful clinical manifestation in children with opioid poisoning that helps the physician for correct diagnosis, especially in hidden clinical scenarios.
Neuroprotective Role of Polyphenols in Treatment of Neurological Disorders: A Review
Authors: Maqbool Mudasir , Zehravi Mehrukh
Published: November 2021

: The most frequent illnesses characterized by the gradual malfunctioning of brain neurons are neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). Genetic mutations and a range of biological processes can produce NDs. Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are all related to oxidative stress (OS). Reduced brain activity has become a greater health threat with a growing elderly population. It causes some pathophysiological alterations and is an important risk factor for a range of neurodegenerative illnesses. An increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause neuronal cell death, and it is thus essential to control ROS levels to maintain normal neuronal activity. Synthetic medicines are often used to treat neurological disorders; however, harmful effects have been reported. Multiple bodies of research have shown the effectiveness of polyphenols in the treatment of various NDs due to their negligible side effects. This review article describes the neuroprotection effects of polyphenols such as resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, curcumin, and quercetin, as well as the signaling pathways and immune response controls through polyphenols.
Breast Imaging Findings of Microcalcifications in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ and Their Correlations with Pathological and Biological Features
Authors: Lee Eun Ji , Chang Yun-Woo
Published: November 2021

Background: Mammography (MMG) is the primary screening tool for breast cancer, as microcalcifications are the most common MMG finding in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The use of high-frequency transducers facilitates the visualization of calcifications on ultrasonography (USG), especially in patients with dense breasts and cancer symptoms. Although a correlation has been reported between the imaging features of DCIS and pathological features, few studies have focused on multiple imaging modalities. Objectives: To evaluate the correlation of DCIS microcalcifications in breast imaging with pathological and biological features. Patients and Methods: The MMG and USG findings of 125 lesions detected in 123 patients, diagnosed with pure DCIS, were retrospectively reviewed according to the breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS). The USG and comparable MMG findings of microcalcifications were divided into three groups: group 1 (MMG negative, USG negative), group 2 (MMG positive, USG negative), and group 3 (MMG positive, USG positive). The pathological findings (nuclear grade and comedo necrosis) and biological features [estrogen (ER) positive group, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive group, triple negative group, and Ki-67 index] were compared with the MMG and USG features using Chi-square test. Results: Microcalcifications were observed on MMG in 83 (66.4%) DCIS lesions. Positive microcalcifications on MMG were significantly associated with a high nuclear grade (P = 0.001) and comedo necrosis (P = 0.001). Positive microcalcifications on MMG were significantly associated with ER negativity (P = 0.023), HER2 positivity (P = 0.002), and increased Ki-67 index (P = 0.001). There were 62 lesions (49.6%) without microcalcifications on USG (group 1 and group 2), while there were 63 (50.4%) lesions with microcalcifications on USG (group 3). Positive microcalcifications on MMG were significantly associated with ER-negative group (P = 0.023), HER2-positive group (P = 0.002), and increased Ki 67 index (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the present results, DCIS microcalcifications detected via imaging were significantly associated with poor prognostic pathological factors, such as a high nuclear grade and comedo necrosis, as well as poor prognostic biological factors, including ER negativity, HER2 positive group, and a high Ki-67 index.
Importance of the industrial production sector and Serbia's inclusion in global value chains
Authors: Kovačević Miladin , Stančić Katarina , Jelić Svetlana
Published: November 2021

The share of industrial production in GDP has expressed accelerated decrease for several last decades, while at the same time the sector of services gains an ever-increasing role in the modern society. A general impression is that the process of deindustrialization is an unavoidable global phenomenon. However, the fact that seems to be neglected is that historical observations indicate industrial sector as the pillar of longstanding development and progress, and that its role in overcoming the stages of crisis is of crucial importance, just as showed the episode of COVID-19 pandemic. The modern industrial sector cannot be observed out of the context of international production and trade, which acknowledge and express the final purpose of industrial investments, since they ensure possible overcoming of the national market limits, the achievement of economies of scale in relatively short time, and most importantly - the access to modern technologies. The development of global value chains, i.e. the production fragmentation based on the international division of labour, presents a revolutionary, global phenomenon, which has provided a chance for every country to get included into the process of global industrial production according to its comparative advantages. Serbia takes part in the global value chains owing to its geographic position, respectful human resources/professional staff, infrastructure, and the national openness; however, the implied question is the quality of the participation and what can be done to achieve better results. Can we regard Serbia just as the hub where final products are assembled or there is a considerable value added created in our factories? This paper offers an overview of the subsectors with the highest inclusion in the global value chains, as well as the analysis of their exports, output and gross value added trends, and the parameters of efficiency of investment in the most profitable subsectors. Identifying the areas with low investment efficiency is an important diagnostic tool for decision makers and presents a challenge as regards the adequate allocation of resources leading to increased profitability of investments and exports. Finally, we present the overview of the developments in ICT sector that is recognized as a valuable chance for Serbia, having in mind its increasing share in GDP, and its significance for the forthcoming process of digitalization and Industry 4.0.
EU monetary and fiscal policy responses to the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Janković Irena , Popović Svetlana , Lukić Velimir
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19, or, the coronavirus crisis represents an unprecedented global threat in recent history that, as symmetric external shock, affects social and economic dynamics of different countries and regions on both macro and micro levels. The aim of the paper is to provide a critical overview of economic policy responses to the ongoing crisis in the EU and, in particular, the eurozone. The paper tends to answer the question whether proposed monetary and fiscal actions provide feasible risk mitigating tools for the ongoing crisis or are there some viable policy actions that are omitted?
COVID-19 impact on cultural and natural Pan-European thematic routes
Authors: Kovačević Igor , Bradić-Martinović Aleksandra , Petković Goran
Published: November 2021

Although the definitive effect is not measurable yet, it is evident that the hospitality and tourism sectors have endured the greatest pressure in the coronavirus pandemic crisis. This paper presents the analysis of the impact of the crisis on the thematic tourism routes. The emphasis is placed on investigating the impacts on market structure and seasonality, being the external dimensions, and on employment and cost-controlled measures as instruments of the internal management dimension. The case study analysis employed is based on the empirical examples of Pan-European thematic routes titled "Roman Emperors & Danube Wine Route" (RER & DWR) and "Via Dinarica Route" (VDR). The paper also discusses models of various scenarios for business recovery and further development. The findings show that COVID-19 has had a minimal impact of -2% on employment in the thematic routes and that massive cost control measures have been predominantly aimed at fixed operational costs. Thematic routes have experienced a decrease in operating time of up to 50%, and at the same time are undergoing market restructuring, with domestic and regional guests being the leading segments. Research further shows that the most needed form of government support through crisis mitigation measures is destination promotion support, followed by wage support and utility cost reduction.
Safety 4.0 for collaborative robotics in the factories of the future
Authors: Caruana Luca , Francalanza Emmanuel
Published: November 2021

Technology changes present a constant drive for evolvement in the manufacturing industry. This development has brought about a complete change in the way the industry implements technologies. The complexity of state-of-the-art technologies is on the increase as new and unforeseen perils continue to emerge. One of the main challenges being faced is the adaptation of manufacturing systems to the latest safety and security considerations. The research hypothesis being investigated is that a logically structured procedure incorporating safety and security would be able to assist in designing an ergonomic and collaborative manufacturing system while identifying and analysing risks, eventually establishing feasible solutions for these specific burdens. This paper therefore contributes a methodology which was developed to address issues of safety and security in the design and implementation of cyber-physical production systems in collaborative environments.
Differences in colorectal cancer surgery outcomes in Serbia: Hospitals in organized colorectal cancer screening and other hospitals
Authors: Banković-Lazarević Dušica , Jovanović Verica , Mijović Biljana , Brcanski Jelena , Jelić Marina , Radojičić Danijela
Published: November 2021

Objective. The aim of this study was to compare mortality of patients after colorectal cancer surgery between hospitals in Serbia, which performed organized colorectal cancer screening and those which did not. Methods. The database included all patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer after the introduction of organized colorectal cancer screening Program in Serbia, in 2014-2015. The target group were patients 50-74 years old in the colorectal screening program, and the data was compared to the age-matched group from hospitals which did not perform the program logistic regression. Results. The was used to determine the significance of the differences in the observed variables, and the predictors of mortality after colorectal cancer surgery. Results. The 3631 patients were included in this study. The majority of them were operated due to the rectal cancer 2111 (58%), while 1062 (29.2%) were operated due to the colon cancer. Postoperative survival was significantly better in the target group in organized screening program (p<0.001; OR=0.46; 95%CI 0.33-0.62). There was a significant difference between patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer localized in the left colon, compared to the patients with localization in the right colon (p<0.001). The mortality after the surgery of colorectal cancer (4.7%) was followed by high comorbidity of cardiovascular diseases (24%). Conclusion. Patients included in the organized colorectal cancer screening have lower postoperative mortality than these not included. This indicates the necessity for further work on organized colorectal cancer screening, in order to reduce postoperative and overall mortality.
Variation in Use of High-Cost Technologies for Palliative Radiation Therapy by Radiation Oncologists
Authors: Chen Aileen B. , Niu Jiangong , Cronin Angel M. , Shih Ya-Chen Tina , Giordano Sharon , Schrag Deborah
Published: November 2021

Background: Understanding the sources of variation in the use of high-cost technologies is important for developing effective strategies to control costs of care. Palliative radiation therapy (RT) is a discretionary treatment and its use may vary based on patient and clinician factors. Methods: Using data from the SEER-Medicare linked database, we identified patients diagnosed with metastatic lung, prostate, breast, and colorectal cancers in 2010 through 2015 who received RT, and the radiation oncologists who treated them. The costs of radiation services for each patient over a 90-day episode were calculated, and radiation oncologists were assigned to cost quintiles. The use of advanced technologies (eg, intensity-modulated radiation, stereotactic RT) and the number of RT treatments (eg, any site, bone only) were identified. Multivariable random-effects models were constructed to estimate the proportion of variation in the use of advanced technologies and extended fractionation (>10 fractions) that could be explained by patient fixed effects versus physician random effects. Results: We identified 37,361 patients with metastatic lung cancer, 3,684 with metastatic breast cancer, 5,323 with metastatic prostate cancer, and 8,726 with metastatic colorectal cancer, with 34%, 27%, 22%, and 9% receiving RT within the first year, respectively. The use of advanced technologies and extended fractionation was associated with higher costs of care. Compared with the patient case-mix, physician variation accounted for a larger proportion of the variation in the use of advanced technologies for palliative RT and the use of extended fractionation. Conclusions: Differences in radiation oncologists’ practice and choices, rather than differences in patient case-mix, accounted for a greater proportion of the variation in the use of advanced technologies and high-cost radiation services.
Uptake Rates of Novel Therapies and Survival Among Privately Insured Versus Publicly Insured Patients With Colorectal Cancer in Germany
Authors: Jansen Lina , Boakye Daniel , Alwers Elizabeth , Carr Prudence R. , Reissfelder Christoph , Schneider Martin , Martens Uwe M. , Chang-Claude Jenny , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann
Published: November 2021

Background: In the era of personalized medicine, cancer care is subject to major changes and innovations. It is unclear, however, to what extent implementation of such innovations and their impact on patient outcomes differ by health insurance type. This study compared provision of treatment and survival outcomes among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who had statutory health insurance (SHI) versus private health insurance (PHI) in Germany. Methods: We analyzed patterns of CRC treatment (surgery, chemotherapy/radiotherapy, and targeted therapy) and survival in a large cohort of patients who were diagnosed with CRC in 2003 through 2014 and were observed for an average of 6 years. Associations of type of health insurance with treatment administration and with overall, CRC-specific, and recurrence-free survival were investigated using multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. Results: Of 3,977 patients with CRC, 427 (11%) had PHI. Although type of health insurance was not associated with treatment administration in patients with stage I–III disease, those with stage IV disease with PHI more often received targeted therapy (65% vs 40%; odds ratio, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.20–4.91), with differences decreasing over time because of catch-up of uptake rates in patients with SHI. Median overall survival was longer in patients with PHI than in those with SHI (137.0 vs 114.9 months; P=.010), but survival advantages were explained to a large extent by differences in sociodemographic factors. In patients with stage IV disease, survival advantages of PHI were nonsignificant and were restricted to the early years after diagnosis. Conclusions: We observed major differences in uptake of targeted therapy between patients with PHI and those with SHI but no differences in patient survival after adjusting for relevant sociodemographic, clinical, and tumor characteristics. Further studies are needed on factors associated with the uptake of therapeutic innovations and their impact on patient survival by health insurance type.
Integration of Systemic and Liver-Directed Therapies for Locally Advanced Hepatocellular Cancer: Harnessing Potential Synergy for New Therapeutic Horizons
Authors: Bent Eric H. , Wehrenberg-Klee Eric , Koay Eugene J. , Goyal Lipika , Wo Jennifer Y.
Published: November 2021

Treatment options in locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have evolved considerably over the past few years with the recent approval of multiple systemic therapies and significant advances in locoregional therapy. Given the poor prognosis for patients with unresectable HCC, there is significant interest in rationally designed combination therapies. This article reviews the treatment options available to patients with locally advanced HCC and discusses the rationale, ongoing trials, and future prospects for combining locoregional and systemic therapy in both the definitive and neoadjuvant settings.
Medidas insuficientes para un cambio en la evalua-ción de la investigación en España: glosando las nuevas directrices de la ANECA
Authors: Delgado López-Cozar Emilio , Ràfols Ismael , Abadal Ernest
Published: November 2021

En una carta publicada hace seis meses (Delgado-López-Cózar, et al., 2021), pocas semanas después de que la Agencia Española de Evaluación se adhiriera a la declaración dora (dora, 2012), hacíamos un llamamiento a las autoridades científicas españolas para que abandonaran las políticas de evaluación de la investigación basadas en un uso excesivo e indiscriminado de los indicadores bibliométricos —especialmente el Journal Impact Factor (jif)—, para valorar el desempeño individual de los académicos. En concreto se les animaba a «que suscriban y cumplan con la dora y sigan las recomendaciones en el uso de indicadores bibliométricos señalados en el Manifiesto Leiden» (Hicks et al., 2015). Una mesa redonda organizada en el mes de julio con participación de distintos agentes del sistema español de i+d+i coincidía en la necesidad de afrontar ese cambio de forma urgente.
Possible changes of the isotopic composition of ice wedge as a result of self-diffusion
Authors: Vasil'chuk Yurij Kirillovich
Published: November 2021

  The subject of this research is the assessment of changes of the isotopic composition of ice wedge as a result of self-diffusion. The author offers a relatively simple method of considering the impact of the process of self-diffusion upon redistribution of paleo-isotopic composition that allows accurately and quickly estimating the changes in the values δ18О and δ2H values in ice wedges at different periods of the quaternary (1000 years, 10,000 years, 100,000 years, and 1,000,000 years). The patterns of diffusion process in physico-chemical systems are described by two differential forms of Fick's diffusion laws, which are transformed into Gaussian integral, using six-digit Chambers charts for calculation of the threshold values δ18О. The article applies the experimentally determined real values of self-diffusion coefficient in the ice – D=(2–10)×10-15 m2/s. The values of the Gaussian integral are calculated for time intervals, at different distances between samples with different concentration; for the period of 1,000 years its values in all cases exceed 0.99. For longer time intervals, these values change significantly. The calculated probabilistic values of changes in the concentration of heavy oxygen isotopes in ice wedge under the impact of self-diffusion at different distances and concentration gradients are noticeable only for the time period of over 100,000 years.  
Ratio of isotopic parameters δ2H-δ18o in Late Pleistocene and Holocene ice wedge
Authors: Budantseva Nadine Arkad'evna , Vasil'chuk Yurij Kirillovich
Published: November 2021

The subject of this research is the ratio of isotopic parameters of deuterium of heavy oxygen in ice wedges. The authors considered such parameter as inclination of the line of the ration of deuterium of heavy oxygen in ice wedges. Proximal to GMLV (or LLMV) position of isotope values for ice wedge and inclination of the line proximate to 8 suggests that the ice wedge was formed from atmospheric precipitation (winter snow). The article provides separate examples of anomalous deuterium ratios of heavy oxygen with very low ration of line inclination, which in combination with the abnormally low dexc values indicate the indicate isotopic fractionation processes in snow before melting and/or melting snow water before filling frost-cutting cracks. Three author determines the three main types of ratios of deuterium m of heavy oxygen content in ice wedge: a) normal ratio δ2H-δ18O (with line inclination of the ratio proximate to GLMV or LLMW). b) ratio of deuterium  of heavy oxygen to deviation from GLMV or LLMW (with signs of change in the primary isotope signal of atmospheric precipitation), c) anomalous ratio of deuterium of heavy oxygen. It is shown that the first two types  are characteristic to most ice wedge under study in the vast part of the Russian cryolithozone from the European North to the east of Chukotka; the third type is obtained for several Holocene ice wedge in Transbaikal and upper Yenisei River. This may be explained by significant isotope transformation of snow cover in the conditions of distinctly continental climate.
Cryogenic soils in the Vilyuy River Valley (Yakutia)
Authors: Vasil'chuk Yurij Kirillovich , Vasil'chuk Jessica Yur'evna , Ginzburg Alexander Pavlovich
Published: November 2021

The object of this research is the cryogenic soils of the territory located in Central Yakutia, in the middle reach of Vilyuy River nearby Makhatta Tukulan with middle-taiga larch woods landscapes. In July 2021, on the right and left banks of the Vilyuy River, twelve soil sections have been formed, which relate to turf-podzols and turf-sub-units of the illovial-ferruginous, sod and alluvial sod, psammozems and stratozems according to to classification and diagnostics of Russian soils (2004). On the slope of the river valley was also formed the soil catena that included elementary geochemical landscapes of river terraces tops and slopes surfaces, as well as middle and high floodplains on the slopes of thermofusional funnels. Soil sections were also formed in flooded beam bottom and well-drained ravine bottom, on sub-horizontal Makhatta Tukulan surface, bottoms and  slopes of thermo-suffosional funnels. The study involves 46 soil samples for measuring the acidity level (pH), electric conductivity (EC), and concentration of total disolved solids (TDS). The explored soils are characterized with pH ranging from 2.81 to 7.78, with most common fluctuations of 5.5–5.6. TDS rates were often within the limit of 10 mg L-1 and rarely exceeded that threshold, however, there were single valyes higher than 50 mg L-1. Thus, the highest EC values (over 100 μS/cm) were measured in surface and subsurface horizons with high organic matter content, whereas mostly mineral horizons had typical EС values within the limit of 20 μS/cm.
Subsidiarity as a factor and technology for overcoming crises (reception of the principle of subsidiarity in the collective consciousness of the Russians)
Authors: Kalinichenko Aleksandra Olegovna
Published: November 2021

This article provides certain results of empirical study of the collective consciousness of the Russians through the prism of their reception of the principle of subsidiarity and values associated with this principle. The object of this research is the collective consciousness of the Russian society. The subject is the peculiarities of refraction of legal and political meanings of the principle of subsidiarity in the collective consciousness, as well as the degree of implementation of this principle in the relationship between the government and the citizens in Russia. The key research method is the questionnaire-based sociological survey. The acquired empirical data have undergone statistical processing and comparative analysis with the data of the most reputable sociological agencies of the Russian Federation. The novelty consists in examination of the principle of subsidiarity not only as a constitutional federal principle, but also as a technology for overcoming crises and mitigating intra-elite conflict. Using the material on the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection “COVID-19”, the author describes the changes that in the course of overcoming crises took place in consciousness of the Russian people with regards to the effectiveness of different level of government, as well as the conclusions drawn by the Russian Federal Center out of that crisis. Among the main conclusions, the author indicates the need of the Russian citizens for the strong and effective governance that would be directly related to the citizens and be within their reach. The author believes that such need corresponds the principle of the uniform system of public authority founded in the revised Constitution of the Russian Federation of 2002, which most consistently implements the principle of subsidiarity.
The development of sustainable tourism in the Baikal Natural Reserve through application of the norms of international “soft” law
Authors: Kolobov Roman Yur'evich , Ditsevich Yaroslava Borisovna
Published: November 2021

This article discusses the use of international experience for the purpose of improving the normative-organizational framework for regulation of tourism in the Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal Natural Reserve. Analysis is conducted on the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism, Framework Convention on Tourism Ethics, and interim results of the decade-long Framework Program for Sustainable Consumption and Production (with regards to sustainable tourism). The author discloses the basic content of the global initiative of reducing plastic consumption in tourism, as well as recommendations for the improvement of procurement activity in tourism sector. Special attention is given to the efforts on the advancement of sustainable tourism within the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The article reviews the core principles concerning biodiversity and tourism development that ensure its sustainable character, and the main characteristics of the corresponding practical guides. Emphasis is also placed Guidance for tourism partnerships and concessions for protected areas and Akwé: Kon Guidelines, which are rarely mentioned in legal literature. Based on the analysis of positive normative and organizational solutions, the conclusion is formulated on the importance of these documents for the development of tourism in the Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal Natural Reserve. The author underline the importance of general-political recognition of the value of tourism (including the listed protected natural territories) and the reflection of this approach in the reputable international documents. An opinion is put forward on the importance of accurate determination of the current recreational load on the Lake Baikal and its adjacent territories, as well as calculation (based on the in-depth scientific research) of the maximum permissible level of recreational load, the excess of which threatens the conservation of the Baikal ecosystem.