bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SoluciÃ³n numÃ©rica de una ecuaciÃ³n de difusiÃ³n - reacciÃ³n por el mÃ©todo de diferencias ï€nitas
Authors: Becerra Saucedo Julio JosÃ© Augusto
Published: November 2019

En el presente artÃ­culo se ha resuelto de manera numÃ©rica el problema de difusiÃ³n â€“ reacciÃ³n uno dimensional:

                                                                        donde f y u0 on elementos de ciertos espacios funcionales. Los resultados de existencia y unicidad de soluciones asÃ­  como la determinaciÃ³n de soluciones explosivas han sido demostrados utilizando el MÃ©todo de Semigrupos de Operadores. Para encontrar la soluciÃ³n numÃ©rica se ha empleado el MÃ©todo de Diferencias Finitas (MDF) con el esquema explÃ­cito, esto es, se han discretizado la derivada espacial de segundo orden utilizando diferencias centradas y la derivada temporal usando diferencias de primer orden hacia adelante. La programaciÃ³n del MDF se ha desarrollado en dos partes: la escritura del cÃ³digo y ejecuciÃ³n se realizaron en lenguaje C y, las grÃ¡ficas fueron visualizadas en Scilab. AsÃ­ mismo se han estudiado y analizado los criterios de estabilidad, consistencia y convergencia, llegando a concluir que el MDF es condicionalmente estable, consistente y convergente.

Palabras clave: Problema de difusiÃ³n â€“ reacciÃ³n, soluciÃ³n explosiva, mÃ©todo de semigrupos, mÃ©todo de diferencias finitas, esquema explÃ­cito
Evaluation of oral health status of 15 years old school going children in district Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Varsha , Sethi Anuj Shamsher
Published: November 2019

Background: Dental caries and Gum diseases are the major public health problem in developed and developing countries both and the prevalence is more during the childhood specially in lower socioeconomic strata of our society so present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of dental and gum diseases among the 15 years of age school going children.Methods: This study was conducted among 15 years old children of government rural schools in the catchment area of Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, District Indore after getting ethical approval from institutional ethical committee, 400 students were included till the required sample size was achieved. Oral cavity examination was done by a team of evaluated for oral health status by a trained examiner who took training in department of community dentistry and Pedo-odontology. Data was entered and analysed by using SPSS.Results: Present study reveals that 38% of participants had dental decay out of which was more there in boys and found statistically significant <0.05. Majority of participants (70%) had normal gums only 4% had bleeding gums. 9% of the the participants had hypoplastic enemal.Conclusions: The current study explores that the dental decay is the major oral health problem followed by calculus. Oral health education and oral cavity examination should be done at a regular interval study.
Starch metabolism in leaves.
Authors: Orzechowski Sławomir
Published: November 2019

Starch is the most abundant storage carbohydrate produced in plants. The initiation of transitory starch synthesis and degradation in plastids depends mainly on diurnal cycle, post-translational regulation of enzyme activity and starch phosphorylation. For the proper structure of starch granule the activities of all starch synthase isoenzymes, branching enzymes and debranching enzymes are needed. The intensity of starch biosynthesis depends mainly on the activity of AGPase (adenosine 5'-diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase). The key enzymes in starch degradation are beta-amylase, isoamylase 3 and disproportionating enzyme. However, it should be underlined that there are some crucial differences in starch metabolism between heterotrophic and autotrophic tissues, e.g. is the ability to build multiprotein complexes responsible for biosynthesis and degradation of starch granules in chloroplasts. The observed huge progress in understanding of starch metabolism was possible mainly due to analyses of the complete Arabidopsis and rice genomes and of numerous mutants with altered starch metabolism in leaves. The aim of this paper is to review current knowledge on transient starch metabolism in higher plants.
Lysophosphatidic acids, cyclic phosphatidic acids and autotaxin as promising targets in therapies of cancer and other diseases.
Authors: Gendaszewska-Darmach Edyta
Published: November 2019

Lysophospholipids have long been recognized as membrane phospholipid metabolites, but only recently lysophosphatidic acids (LPA) have been demonstrated to act on specific G protein-coupled receptors. The widespread expression of LPA receptors and coupling to several classes of G proteins allow LPA-dependent regulation of numerous processes, such as vascular development, neurogenesis, wound healing, immunity, and cancerogenesis. Lysophosphatidic acids have been found to induce many of the hallmarks of cancer including cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and neovascularization. Furthermore, autotaxin (ATX), the main enzyme converting lysophosphatidylcholine into LPA was identified as a tumor cell autocrine motility factor. On the other hand, cyclic phosphatidic acids (naturally occurring analogs of LPA generated by ATX) have anti-proliferative activity and inhibit tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Research achievements of the past decade suggest implementation of preclinical and clinical evaluation of LPA and its analogs, LPA receptors, as well as autotaxin as potential therapeutic targets.
Evlilik İlişkisinin Gizil Güçleri: Özgecil Aşk, Acının Dönüştürücü Gücü ve Fedakârlık Doyumu
Authors: DİNÇER Duygu , AYDOĞAN Didem
Published: November 2019

Bu çalışmanın ilk amacı, evlilik ilişkisinde ne tür fedakârlık
davranışları sergilendiğini ve bu davranışların cinsiyete göre farklılık gösterip
göstermediğini keşfetmektir. İkinci amacı ise evlilik ilişkisinde sergilenen
fedakârlık davranışlarından alınan doyum ile özgecil aşk arasındaki ilişkiyi ve
bu ilişkide acının dönüştürücü gücünün aracı etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmada
318 evli katılımcıdan veri toplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, fedakârlık
davranışlarının gündelik fedakârlıklar (örneğin günlük işler, iletişim ve
etkileşim) ve büyük fedakârlıklar (örneğin işini ve yerleşim yerini değiştirme
gibi) olmak üzere iki tema altında gruplandığını göstermiştir. İkinci amaç
doğrultusunda elde edilen sonuçlar özgecil aşk, acının dönüştürücü gücü ve
fedakârlık doyumu arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler olduğunu ortaya
koymuştur. Ayrıca özgecil aşkın, fedakârlık doyumunu doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak
(acının dönüştürücü gücü aracılığıyla) yordadığı saptanmıştır.
Genç Yetişkinlerde Mutluluğa Genel Bir Bakış
Authors: AYDIN Merve
Published: November 2019

Genç
yetişkinlik pek çok kişisel ve sosyal değişimin yaşandığı, çeşitli sorunlarla
başa çıkılması gereken ve zorlayıcı gelişim görevleriyle karşı karşıya kalınan
bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde mutluluğun gencin sağlıklı kimlik gelişiminin devamını
sağlaması, genç yetişkinlerde mutluluğun ele alınmasını gerekli kılmıştır. Bu
çalışmanın amacı genç yetişkinlerde mutluluk konusunu incelemektir. Çalışmada
literatür taramasına dayalı olarak mutluluk ve yapısı, mutluluğun önemi, genç
yetişkinlik dönemi ve gelişim görevleri, genç yetişkinlikte yaşanan sorunlar ve
genç yetişkinlerde mutluluk ile ilgili yapılan araştırmalar ele alınmıştır.
Crisis del agua, turismo y variabilidad climática en la isla de San Andrés
Authors: Guerrero Jiménez Tomás
Published: November 2019

Por medio de los Decretos 0170 del 15 de abril de 2016 y 0340 del 16 de agosto de 2017, la Gobernación departamental declaró el inicio y el final de la calamidad pública por desabastecimiento hídrico en la isla de San Andrés (Colombia), que tuvo una duración de 15 meses. La reducida oferta hídrica de 2016 llevó a manifestaciones sociales en contra de la administración departamental, generó conflictos entre el sector turístico y la población residente por el acceso oportuno al agua y dejó en el imaginario colectivo institucional como culpable de la situación presentada al fenómeno climatológico ENOS (El Niño oscilación del sur) de ese año, que trajo consigo una disminución importante en las precipitaciones y, con ello, en la oferta de agua potable. En este artículo se exploran factores adicionales que contribuyeron a la disminución de la oferta de agua en la isla, como el incipiente control de fugas en redes de distribución del acueducto, la falta de planificación demográfica para un turismo de sol y playa creciente, y una prospectiva territorial discordante con el cambio climático esperado en atención a la disminución de lluvias (y, por ende, la oferta de agua subterránea), principal fuente de abastecimiento hídrico en San Andrés. Adicionalmente, el artículo presenta un análisis –para 10 años previos a la crisis hídrica– de oferta de agua bajo escenarios de variabilidad climática, después de pérdidas técnicas y operacionales en los sistemas de acueducto, con respecto a la demanda de agua de turistas y residentes de esos mismos años y proyección a 2040. Se encuentra que, de seguir los patrones actuales de explotación de acuíferos y manejo de la oferta disponible, se tendrían los mismos problemas hídricos en el primer semestre de cada año, independientemente de un evento climatológico.
Ecoturismo de alta montaña: entre la conservación y el turismo. PNN Los Nevados, Sendero Conejeras
Authors: Pérez Forero Nicolás Alexander
Published: November 2019

El presente artículo analiza el ecoturismo de alta montaña como estrategia de conservación en el parque nacional natural Los Nevados a partir de una revisión de los principios planteados por la biología de la conservación y el esquema de ordenamiento institucional del ecoturismo, entrevistas a tres expertos y el trabajo en campo. Se plantea que el ecoturismo como estrategia de conservación no es claro y requiere de varios ajustes, superar el turismo masivo e implementar estrategias para hacer efectiva la capacidad de carga integrando aspectos como el agua superficial cambiante del ecosistema de alta montaña y empleando los principios de biodiversidad, evolución y complejidad ecológica planteados desde la biología de la conservación.
Introduction
Authors: Ciesielska-Klikowska Joanna , Marczuk-Karbownik Magdalena , Żakowski Karol
Published: November 2019

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Relations Between Singapore and the People’s Republic of China in the Light of Donald Trump’s New Southeast Asia Policy
Authors: Chatys Mateusz
Published: November 2019

The aim of the article is to analyze the relationship between Singapore and the People’s Republic of China in the light of the current policy of the President of the United States Donald Trump. The point of reference for the presented analysis is the foreign policy of the former President Barack Obama, based on the strategy known as “pivot to Asia” – the strategic turnabout of the United States to the Asia-Pacific region. One of its main objectives was the signing of a multilateral agreement on the establishment of a free trade zone, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), bringing together 12 countries. The main subject of the present analysis is to examine the impact of Donald Trump’s decision of January 2017 to withdraw from the TPP trade agreement on the relations between the remaining signatories of the agreement, as well as to examine Beijing’s actions, which may seek to increase its sphere of influence in Asia through the breakdown of TPP. The main part of the research is focused on the triangle politics concept in international politics, which will include China, Singapore and the United States. Besides the two largest economic powers, Singapore is included because of its membership in the TPP and ASEAN, and due to its strong economy and its population (predominantly) of Chinese origin it can be viewed as the “fifth column” or may otherwise play a role in the Greater China concept.
Formation of Language Competence: Modern Issues and Strategies in the Area of Cross-Cultural Communication
Authors: Kosareva Larisa , Evreeva Olga , Zakirova Oksana
Published: November 2019

In the framework of globalisation, the development of cross-cultural communication skills is of high interest. However, there is no due attention paid to the development of intercultural language competence in all universities as well as the possibility to share it directly with native interlocutors of the other culture. The objective of the article is to define the critical complexities in the area of cross-cultural communication among those who study a foreign language. Another objective is to elaborate recommendations that will enable the solution of the issues in the area of cross-cultural communication within up-to-date education. As a result, the researchers’ have organised and carried out the survey among 650 linguistic students of the 4th course from four largest Russian higher educational institutions (Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Higher School of Economics, Moscow State Institute of International Relations, and Moscow State University). The outcomes of the research  can be used in future as the basis for the development of cross-cultural communication for university students, which should have cross-cultural competence.
The Profitability of Paddy Cultivation and Farmers’ Perception in West Bengal with Special Reference to Purba Bardhaman District
Authors: Paul Barun Kumar
Published: November 2019

Many economists and experts opined that agriculture is an unprofitable activity in India nowadays, mainly because of increasing cost and low prices of farm produce. However, during the field survey in Galsi-I and Galsi-II Blocks of Purba Bardhaman, it was observed that many farmers do not think so. In this context, using the secondary data on the cost of paddy cultivation for the period 1996–97 to 2015–16, this paper analyses the cost and returns from paddy cultivation in West Bengal. It is observed that the cost has increased at a very high rate. Paid out cost at current prices during the last decade has increased by 12.1 per cent per annum. However, they do not realise the right price of their produce, and consequently, the profit margin has declined. Data reveal that farmers incurred losses in paddy cultivation upto 14 times except for in 2007–08 and in 2009–10 during 2000–01 to 2015–16. They are also being deprived of getting even the minimum support prices (MSP) due to loopholes in government initiatives. Using primary data, this paper explains why many farmers think that paddy cultivation is still a profitable activity. In doing so, the research finds that they miscalculate the cost of cultivation and that is why they perceive the profit margin to be higher. The kinds of cost that they do not calculate include family labour, depreciation charge, interest on capital, the rental value of owned land, and others. Another cause for exaggerated profit is that farmers include income from paddy business as return from agriculture.
Designing New Yeasts for Craft Brewing: When Natural Biodiversity Meets Biotechnology
Authors: Iattici Fabrizio , Catallo Martina , Solieri Lisa
Published: November 2019

Beer is a fermented beverage with a history as old as human civilization and its productive process has been spread all around the world becoming unique in every country and iconic of entire populations. Ales and lagers are by far the most common beers; however, the combination of raw materials, manufacture techniques and aroma profiles are almost infinite, so it is not surprising to notice that there is a large amount of different beer styles, each of them with unique characteristics. Nowadays, diversification is becoming increasingly important in the brewing market and the brewers are continuously interested in improving and extending the already wide range of products, especially in craft brewery. One of the major components that can have a deep impact on the final product is yeast, since it is able to convert carbohydrates in wort, especially maltose and maltotriose, into ethanol, carbon dioxide and other minor aroma-active compounds. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (top‐fermenting yeasts used to produce ales) and Saccharomyces pastorianus (cryotolerant bottom‐fermenting hybrids between S. cerevisiae and Saccharomyces eubayanus responsible for the fermentation of lagers) are most used in breweries. However, an increasing number of different yeast starter cultures are commercially available, to improve the production efficiency also at relative low temperatures and to obtain desirable and diversified aroma profiles avoiding undesired compounds. Four main genetic engineering-free trends are becoming popular in craft brewing yeast development: 1) the research for novel reservoirs as source of new performant S. cerevisiae yeasts; 2) the creation of synthetic hybrids between S. cerevisiae and Saccharomyces non-cerevisiae in order to mimic lager yeasts by expanding their genetic background; 3) the exploitation of evolutionary engineering approaches; 4) the usage of non-Saccharomyces yeasts either in co-coculture or in sequential fermentation with S. cerevisiae. In the present work we summarized pro and contra of these approaches and provided an overview on the most recent advances on how brewing yeast genome evolved and domestication took place. Finally, we delineated how the correlations maps between genotypes and relevant brewing phenotypes can assist and further improve the search for novel craft beer starter yeasts.
Optinalytic (Statistical) Mirroring: A New Novel Approach of Measure of Dispersion
Authors: Abdullahi Kabir Bindawa
Published: November 2019

The main central goal and statistical power of any statistical tool is to present the reader about the level, degree and strength of variations within or between datasets in a clear and precise interpretation that allows a researcher to make a rational and empirical conclusion. The current tools used for measure of dispersion have been challenged with some limitations. A new novel approach, called optinalytic (statistical) mirroring is proposed in this article to address some of the limitations other measure of dispersion methods have failed to solve and resolve. An optinalytic (statistical) mirrors are designed sequence images on which a sequence or set of sequences can optinalytically and intermetrically reflects to give an inferential information about their comparisons (similarity and dissimilarity). Method validation and comparisons with some most important tools of dispersion measures (e.g: variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, variance-to-mean ratio) was established to assess the suitability of the new proposal as an alternative measure of dispersion using different sets of logically generated univariate sequences with different problems and complications. The results of comparison shows that optinalytic (statistical) mirroring is more resistant to extreme outliers, more inferential and works efficiently with negative values with a very meaningful interpretation of result to the common understanding of a non-expert of statistics, which all other methods cannot provide.
Candidate Causal Variants at the 8p12 Breast Cancer Risk Locus Regulate DUSP4
Authors: Glubb Dylan M. , Shi Wei , Beesley Jonathan , Fachal Laura , Pritchard Jayne-Louise , McCue Karen , Barnes Daniel R. , Antoniou Antonis C. , Dunning Alison M. , Easton Douglas F. , Chenevix-Trench Georgia
Published: November 2019

Genome-wide association studies have revealed a locus at 8p12 that is associated with breast cancer risk. Fine-mapping of this locus identified 16 candidate causal variants (CCVs). However, as these variants are intergenic, their function is unclear. To map chromatin looping from this risk locus to a previously identified candidate target gene, DUSP4, we performed chromatin conformation capture analyses in normal and tumoral breast cell lines. We identified putative regulatory elements, containing CCVs, that loop to the DUSP4 promoter region. Using reporter gene assays, we found that the risk allele of CCV rs7461885 reduced the activity of a DUSP4 enhancer element, consistent with the function of DUSP4 as a tumor suppressor gene. Furthermore, the risk allele of CCV rs12155535, located in another DUSP4 enhancer element, was negatively correlated with looping of this element to the DUSP4 promoter region, suggesting that this allele would be associated with reduced expression. These findings provide the first evidence that CCV risk alleles downregulate DUSP4 expression, suggesting that this gene is a regulatory target of the 8p12 breast cancer risk locus.
Quality of Graduate Health and Safety Education Programs: A General Model Illustrated with Examples of Nine (post)Graduate Courses in Europe
Authors: Van Wassenhove Wim , Swuste Paul , Forteza Francisco J. , Carretero-Gomez José M. , Arezes Pedro , Kivistö-Rahnasto Jouni , Motet Gilles , Reyniers Kelly , Galera Asun , Wenham David
Published: November 2019

Research into professionalization in health and safety has recently gained in interest. Graduate training is one of the factors that determines or conditions the role of the safety professional, thus intervene in the professionalization process. This article is the result of a workshop and the discussions of nine academic directors of safety education programs about quality evaluation. This article introduces the issue with a historic overview of safety education, presents a synthesis of nine selected education programs, discusses quality evaluation of health and safety education programs, propose a quality evaluation frame and finally, proposes a process for designing a quality safety education program with an associated model of the learning objectives. The outcomes are interesting for everyone who is interested in health and safety education and quality evaluation and will give insights into how safety professionals are educated.
Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as an Aquatic Vector for Pseudomonas Species: Quorum Sensing Association with Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm Formation and Virulence
Authors: Osman Kamelia M. , da Silva Pires Állan , Luiz Franco Octávio , Orabi Ahmed , Ali Amr H.M. , Hamada Mohamed , Alzaben Feras A. , Almuzaini Abdulaziz M. , Elbehiry Ayman
Published: November 2019

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) produces a suite of virulence factors that are coordinated by Quorum Sensing (QS) contributing to its disease-causing ability in aquaculture. The present study is first of its kind to obtain information regarding the presence and distribution of five QS genes, three virulence genes viz: lasI, lasR, rhlI, rhlR, rhlAB, toxA, aprA and plcH and seven of the Extended-spectrum βlactamases (blaVEB, blaPER, blaTEM,, blaSHV, blaCTX-M1, blaCTX-M2 and blaCTX-M3) of Pseudomonas species isolated from fish meat by direct PCR. Bacterial identification was based mainly on conventional biochemical techniques using the Vitek 2, automated system. Phenotypic sensitivity of antibiotics was established by the agar disc diffusion technique through 16 various antimicrobial drugs. Quantification of their in vitro production of numerous virulence genes outside the cell that are QS dependent namely, pyocyanin, elastase, alkaline protease, biofilm and cytotoxicity of Vero cell was as well executed. Fifteen genes demonstrated an enormous variety in their association. The total number of Pseudomonas species isolates were 30/100 to be identified by the API 20NE system as P. aeruginosa 12/30 (40%), P. fluorescens 8/30 (27%), P. putida 6/30 (20%) and P. alkylphenolia 4/30 (13%). The outcomes of this study have great significance for the strategic designation of QS quenching.
A Hierarchical Machine Learning Model to Discover Gleason Grade Group-specific Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hamzeh Osama , Alkhateeb Abedalrhman , Zheng Julia , Kandalam Srinath , Lueng Crystal , Rueda Luis
Published: November 2019

1) Background: One of the deadliest cancers that affect men worldwide and North American men is prostate cancer. This disease motivates parts of the cells in the prostate to lose control of their growth and division. 2) Methods: We are proposing a machine learning method used to analyze gene expressions of prostate tumors with different Gleason scores, and to identify potential genetic biomarkers for each group. A publicly-available RNA-Seq dataset of a cohort of 104 prostate cancer patients have been retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information's (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. We categorize patients by their Gleason scores into different groups to create a hierarchy of disease progression. A hierarchical model with standard classifiers in different Gleason groups (hereinafter called nodes) to identify and predict nodes based on their mRNA or gene expressions. At each node, patient samples are analyzed via class imbalance and hybrid feature selection techniques to build the prediction model. The outcome of each node is a set of genes that can separate the Gleason group from the remaining groups. To validate the proposed method, the set of identified genes are used to classify a second dataset of 499 prostate cancer patients that have been collected from cBioportal..
3) Results: Two genes have been found to be potential biomarkers of specific Gleason groups; PIAS3 has been identifed for Gleason score 4+3=7, while UBE2 could be a poteintial biomarker for Gleason score 6. Other proposed genes that were not found in the literature might be potential biomarkers. 4) Conclusion: The latest literature supports that the genes predicted by the proposed method are strongly correlated with prostate cancer progression and tumour development processes. Furthermore, pathway analysis shows that both PIAS3 and UBE2 share the same protein interaction pathway, the JAK/STAT signaling process.
Next Generation Biological Control: The Need for Integrating Genetics and Evolution
Authors: Leung Kelley , Ras Erica , Ferguson Kim , Ariëns Simone , Babendreier Dirk Babendreier , Bijma Piter , Bourtzis Kostas , Brodeur Jacques , Bruins Margreet , Centurión Alejandra , Chattington Sophie , Chinchilla-Ramírez Milena , Dicke Marcel , Fatouros Nina , González Cabrera Joel , Groot Thomas , Haye Tim , Knapp Markus , Koskinioti Panagioata , Le Hesran Sophie , Lirakis Manolis , Paspati Angeliki , Pérez-Hedo Meritxell , Plouvier Wouter , Schlötterer Christian , Stahl Judith , Thiel Andra , Urbaneja Alberto , van de Zande Louis , Verhulst Eveline , Vet Louise , Visser Sander , Werren John , Xia Shuwen , Zwaan Bas , Magalhães Sara , Beukeboom Leo , Pannebakker Bart
Published: November 2019

Biological control is widely successful for controlling pests, but effective biocontrol agents are now more difficult to obtain due to more restrictive international trade laws. Coupled with increasing demand, the efficacy of existing and new biocontrol agents needs to be improved with genetic and genomic approaches. Although they have been underutilised in the past, applying genetic and genomic techniques is becoming more feasible from both technological and economic perspectives. We review current methods and provide a framework for using them, incorporating evolutionary and ecological principles. First, it is necessary to identify which biocontrol trait to select and in what direction. Next, the genes or markers linked to these traits need be determined to better target their selection, followed by how to implement this information into a breeding program. Choosing a trait can be assisted by modelling to account for the proper agro-ecological context, and by knowing which traits have sufficiently high heritability values. We provide guidelines for designing genomic strategies in biocontrol programs, which depends on the organism, budget, and desired objective. Genomic approaches start with genome sequencing and assembly. We provide a guide for deciding the most successful sequencing strategy for biocontrol agents. Gene discovery involves quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses, transcriptomic and proteomic studies, and gene editing. Improving biocontrol practices include marker-assisted selection, genomic selection and microbiome manipulation of biocontrol agents, and monitoring for genetic variation during rearing and post-release. We conclude by identifying the most promising applications of genetic and genomic methods to improve biological control efficacy.
The Genetic Code, Algebraic Codes and Double Numbers
Authors: Petoukhov Sergey V.
Published: November 2019

The article shows materials to the question on algebraic features of the genetic code. Presented results testify in favor that the genetic code is an algebraic code related with a wide class of algebraic codes, which are a basis of noise-immune coding of information in communication technologies. Algebraic features of the genetic code are associated with hypercomplex double (or hyperbolic) numbers. The article also presents data on structural relations of some genetically inherited macrobiological phenomena with double numbers and with their algebraic extentions. The received results confirm that multidimensional numerical systems is effective for modeling and revealing the interconnections of structures of biological bodies at various levels of their organization. This allows one to think that living organisms are algebraically encoded entities.
FORMULASI STRATEGI MEMBANGUN EKSISTENSI PERPUSTAKAAN PERGURUAN TINGGI (STUDI KASUS DI UPT PERPUSTAKAAN UNS)
Authors: Wiratningsih Riah
Published: November 2019

“Library is the heart of the university” andai ilmu adalah darah dalam tubuh dan tubuh merupakan sistem dari sebuah perguruan tinggi, maka perpustakaan bagi perguruan tinggi tersebut adalah jantung yang melahirkan ilmu yang ditujukan kepada mahasiswa melalui dosen sebagai pembuluh darahnya. Dari pernyataan di atas, eksistensi sebuah perpustakaan sebagai resource center mempunyai fungsi sangat krusial dalam kegiatan akademik di perguruan tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan formulasi strategi membangun eksistensi perpustakaan perguruan tinggi (UNS), melalui metode survei lapangan, deskripsi fenomena yang ada, dan studi pustaka, kemudian diuraikan secara deskriptif kualitatif, penulis melakukan “capture” gambaran perpustakaan perguruan tinggi yaitu UPT Perpustakaan UNS melalui analisis SWOT. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Strategi SO: membangun differensiasi layanan baru “Javanese Corner”, menambah ragam content digilib; 2) Strategi ST: layanan SAT sebagai media penelusuran informasi digital, lokasi perpustakaan yang strategis sebagai learning center dalam menciptakan academic atmosphere; 3) Strategi WO: mengakomodasi kebutuhan informasi berdasar market share yang sudah tersegmetasi, pengajuan programmer untuk pengembangan SIM perpustakaan, share collection melalui kartu sakti FKP2TN. (4) Strategi WT: workshop literasi informasi untuk semua pustakawan UNS, memunculkan pustakawan profesional dalam perannya melalui kolaborasi dengan tenaga pendidik (dosen) dalam pemanfaatan teknologi perpustakaan untuk mendukung pendidikan dan riset. Diharapkan, hasil tulisan sederhana ini dapat diimplementasikan (follow-up) sebagai bagian dari tata kelola perpustakaan ke depan sehingga eksistensi perpustakaan melalui pustakawan dapat dilihat dan dirasakan oleh pengguna perpustakaan secara maksimal.

Kata kunci: perpustakaan, learning center, eksistensi, SWOT
OPTIMALISASI PERPUSTAKAAN DESA DALAM RANGKA MENINGKATKAN PENDIDIKAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Hermanto Bambang
Published: November 2019

Perpustakaan desa dapat berperan sebagai lembaga pendidikan nonformal, agen perubahan, dan agen pembangunan bagi masyarakat sekelilingnya. Pendidikan
berfungsi untuk mengembangkan kemampuan, membentuk watak dan peradaban bangsa yang bermartabat dalam rangka mencerdaskan kehidupan masyarakat dan bangsa. Perpustakaan desa dapat melakukan optimalisasi perpustakaan dalam mendukung program pemerintah dalam meningkatkan pendidikan masyarakat. Adapun strategi yang dapat dilakukan perpustakaan desa, antara lain: 1) optimalisasi koleksi; 2)penyesuaian jam buka perpustakaan dengan aktivitas masyarakat; 3) mengadakan
penyuluhan mengenai manfaat membaca secara berkala; 4) menyediakan taman baca di tingkat RW; 5) mengadakan lomba dengan topik kreativitas masyarakat; 6)
mengadakan layanan delivery.

Kata kunci: perpustakaan desa, optimalisasi perpustakaan, pendidikan masyarakat
O manejo de cortes modifica o filocrono, o crescimento e a produção do sorgo forrageiro sob ambiente de temperatura amena
Authors: Schneider J.R. , Caron B.O. , Elli E.F. , Schwerz F. , Engroff T.D.
Published: November 2019

Nossa hipótese é que o sorgo forrageiro modifica seu crescimento e filocrono quando é submetido a diferentes manejos de corte. Nosso objetivo é avaliar se diferentes manejos de corte modificam o crescimento e filocrono do sorgo forrageiro. Um experimento de campo foi conduzido e submeteu o sorgo forrageiro a diferentes manejos de corte: sem corte, 1 corte, 2 cortes, 3 cortes e 4 cortes. Foram avaliadas as condições ambientais durante o ciclo da cultura, as taxas de crescimento da cultura, a distribuição dos fotoassimilados e o filocrono. A temperatura influenciou o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da cultura. Os fotoassimilados foram alocados de acordo com a necessidade da cultura, determinada pelo seu estádio de desenvolvimento. Plantas que não sofreram cortes tenderam, em geral, reduzir as taxas ao longo do tempo, devido ao desenvolvimento fisiológico. Enquanto que as plantas que foram cortadas, tiveram seu ciclo prolongado, pelo rebrote, e algumas taxas diminuíram após cada corte, pela remoção do material vegetal, como por exemplo, a taxa de crescimento absoluto, a taxa de assimilação líquida, a razão de área foliar e a razão de peso foliar. Aumentos no filocrono foram observados com o aumento no número de cortes.
Avanços e preocupações sobre a nanotecnologia em alimentos para humanos e animais – uma revisão
Authors: Nunes da Silva S. , Alves D.A. , Kuhn Gomes B.C. , Nichelle Lopes D.C. , Büttow Roll V.F. , Rutz F. , Gonçalves Xavier E.
Published: November 2019

Nanotechnology in food is relatively new compared to biomedical area and information technology industries. In this way, this science has aroused great interest in recent years mainly in developed countries, where industry has benefited from its use. Major uses include nanodispersions, nanocapsules, nanolaminates, nanofibers and nanotubes for food packaging, as well as nutritional utilization. In the animal area, the use of nanotechnology is present in vaccines, nutrition, genetics and medicines. However, potential risks must be considered, in addition to the need for specific legislation. Research on food nanotechnology is in progress, with nanoparticle-derived food products expected to be increasingly available to consumers and producers worldwide in the coming years. The present review aims to present the use of nanotechnology in the food industry, emphasizing the use of various nanomaterials for food packaging, as well as its nutritional application in animal diets, potential risks and existing legislation.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND PERFORMANCE OF GEM LISTED COMPANIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF VENTURE CAPITAL PARTICIPATION
Authors: Yang Yuan , Pan Yi , Yang Binku , Huang Wenli
Published: November 2019

Using the difference-in-differences (DID) model and taking the sample of companies listed from 2009 to 2014 on the Growth Enterprises Market (GEM) of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in China, this paper studies the impact of Venture Capital (VC) participation on board characteristics, which is measured by the chief executive officer (CEO) duality, the scale of the board of directors and the proportion of independent directors, and it also studies how the board characteristics influence the company performance. The findings are as follows: VC-backed GEM listed companies are more inclined to choose the mode of CEO duality and to have a larger board of directors and a higher proportion of independent directors, all of which are conducive to improving company performance.
EXCHANGE RATE AND INTEREST RATE DIFFERENTIAL IN G7 ECONOMIES
Authors: Golit Peter , Salisu Afees , Akintola Akinwunmi , Nsonwu Faustina , Umoren Itoro
Published: November 2019

We offer new insights on the dynamics of the exchange rate–interest rate differentialfor the case of G7 economies. We show that the nexus is better considered using anasymmetric model, as suggested by a host of previous studies. In addition, we find therole of accounting for structural breaks to be prominent. We also show differences in thenexus between euro and non-euro G7 countries, suggesting heterogeneous monetarypolicies. Thus, we document the strongest evidence for the sticky price hypothesis inJapan and lesser evidence in the euro countries and the United Kingdom, with Canadaconsistently revealing evidence for the flexible price hypothesis.
Population structure, linkage disequilibrium and association mapping for cotton leaf curl disease incidence in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Tariq Anam , Perveen Shagufta , Altaf Amina , Ashfaq Sumera , Riaz Muhammad , Song Xianliang , Sun Xuezhen , Zhang Tianzhen
Published: November 2019

Background: Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) production is adversely affected by many biotic and abiotic factors. Among the biotic factors, cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD), caused by a begomovirus, is the most damaging. An association mapping approach was used to find out population structure and linkage disequilibrium in cotton germplasm; and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated with CLCuD infestation and seed cotton yield per plant (SCY). Results: Data was recorded for percent disease index (PDI) and SCY of 30 diverse cotton cultivars. Out of one thousand SSR markers used for polymorphism screening of plant material, 125 were found polymorphic and used for genotyping of 30 cultivars. STRUCTURE 2.0 software identified three sub-populations in plant material. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed that at P < 0.05, 270/7750 marker pairs (3.48%) displayed significant pair-wise LD and values for correlation between alleles at two loci ( r 2 ) and disequilibrium coefficient ( Dʹ ) were > 0.05 and > 0.33, respectively, which were stringent enough for identification of valid marker-trait associations. Three markers (BNL1421, BNL946, NAU2336) were associated with PDI and five markers (NAU3100, NAU3860, NAU2419, NAU3011, NAU4565) were associated with SCY under both GLM (general linear model) and MLM (mixed linear model) analyses. Conclusion: Marker BNL1421 (with phenotypic variance explained ( R 2 ) and heritability values of 26.45% and 0.90, respectively) would be a valuable candidate in marker-assisted selection (MAS) to screen CLCuD susceptible cotton genotypes. Findings of this study will help in understanding genetics of CLCuD infestation and designing future molecular breeding programmes to control this disease. Keywords: Cotton leaf curl virus, Disease, General linear model, Linkage disequilibrium, Population structure, Simple sequence repeats
Alternative splicing diversifies the heat response and evolutionary strategy of conserved Heat Shock Protein 90 in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Lu Yunze , Zhao Peng , Zhang Aihua , Ma Lingjian , Xu Shengbao , Wang Xiaoming
Published: November 2019

Background Crops are challenged by the increasing high temperature. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a molecular chaperone, plays a critical role in the heat response in plants. However, the comprehensive response profiles of HSP90s are largely unknown.Results Using the newly released wheat reference sequence, we identified 18 HSP90s that were highly conserved and presented as triplets. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression and transcriptional regulation of HSP90s displayed conserved trends among the three HSP90 homologs within a triplet. Based on our previous data generated by combining full-length single-molecule sequencing and Illumina short read sequencing, 126 isoforms of HSP90 were identified and each HSP90 comprised one to three major isoforms. Intriguingly, unlike the conserved transcriptional regulation of HSP90s , different alternative splicing events were characterized among major isoforms generated by HSP90s in triplets under heat stress. Furthermore, many heat-responsive alternative events were also characterized, especially in the early heat response when transcriptional regulation had not been initiated, and the alternative splicing regulation between HSP90s in the triplets was distinctly different.Conclusions This study shows that alternative splicing diversified the heat response of the conserved HSP90 gene family and highlighted the evolutionary divergence of polyploidy wheat.
Neuro-medical complications of fluoride toxicity among populations living in fluoride endemic region of the Ethiopian Rift Valley
Authors: Ayele Biniyam Alemayehu , Yifru Yared Mamushet , Tekle-Haimanot Redda , Godebo Tewodros Rango
Published: November 2019

Background: Fluorosis is endemic in many countries of Asia, South America and Africa. In Africa, the countries located across the Great East African Rift Valley, including Ethiopia are a hotspot for fluorosis. While excessive and chronic exposure to fluoride causes dental and skeletal fluorosis, emerging studies have shown its adverse health effects in cognition, memory, learning and the function of Central Nervous System.

Method: We conducted a study on 318 individuals living in rural villages located in fluoride endemic areas of the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Drinking water samples were collected from 23 community well sites, and analyzed for fluoride concentrations. Detailed clinical evaluations of skeletal fluorosis, neurologic history, and physical examination were performed in the study participants.

Results: The mean age of the study participants was 28.0±14.9 years. About 80% of the participants were from the communities with fluoride level >2 mg/L. The mean fluoride level in drinking water samples was 6.8±4.3 (range: 0.3 to 15.5 mg/L). Male accounted 55.7% of the subjects participated. Among the neurologic complications, headache, fatigue, and paresthesia accounted for 67%, 56.3%, and 37.5%, respectively. Urinary incontinence, muscle atrophy and crippling neuroflourosis were observed only in a few of our study participants (< 5%). Headache disorders had statistically significant association with high fluoride levels. Clinical anemia was observed in 49.7% of our study population.
Conclusion: Fluorosis has significant socio-economic and psychological impacts on productive segment of a population. Unlike previously reported findings, where neurological complications were largely attributed to compressive radioculomyelopathy, this study highlighted toxic level of fluoride might also results in non-compressive neurological and medical complications. We therefore recommend conducting further large scale epidemiological study to confirm these findings.
Resazurin based rapid screening and Spectrophotometric analysis of potent antimicrobials from Streptomyces isolated in Nepal
Authors: Tha Suprim , Shakya Sapana , Ghimire Sita , Mallick Safalta , Bhattarai Hari Datta , Aryal Pramod , Malla Rajani
Published: November 2019

Background The rapid emergence of bacterial resistance and decreased efficacy of most antibiotics is a burning issue in the present medical world demanding swift development of novel classes of potent antibiotics. This study focuses on the robust assay of screening antimicrobials speeding up the antibiotics discovery process. Results Putative Streptomyces designated as LAf4 isolated from a soil sample of Lamjung, mid-hills of Nepal, screened from 141 putative Streptomyces isolates had the highest inhibitory effect among all the strains that showed inhibition potential against two of the ‘critical’ WHO prioritized pathogens including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,. The results from Resazurin based assays were all verified using broth assays for antimicrobial studies. The proposed method was efficient, easy to observe and gave results a lot faster than the conventional antimicrobial study. Also, a novel spectrophotometric analysis method has been proposed to access the potency of thus screened antimicrobials. GCMS analysis of LAf4 extract indicated the presence of 2,3-butanediol, Naphthalene, and Tributyl phosphate as major constituents exhibiting antimicrobial properties whereas Pyrrolo (1, 2- a) pyrazine -1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)- which is an antioxidant and an anticancer agent was also recorded.Conclusion The present study validates and exhibits the time and cost effective resazurin based antimicrobial assay as the best one, for preliminary screening of antimicrobial producers compared to conventional disc/well diffusion assays since very small concentration of antimicrobials irrespective of their polarity can be detected unlike the latter methods.
Evaluation of a novel progressive pharmaceutical care model based on inhaler technique in the disease management of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China
Authors: Wang Wanqing , Xu Tao , Qin Qiong , Miao Liyan , Bao Jian'an , Chen Rong
Published: November 2019

Background: Inhaler device is regarded as the standard treatment for patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, patients still have errors in performing inhaler devices even after education and training. This study aimed to explore the effective of a novel progressive pharmaceutical care model based on inhaler technique in the disease management of asthma and COPD patients in China. Methods: A prospective intervention study was conducted. 176 enrolled asthma and COPD patients were randomly divided into two groups: 88 in the intervention group and 88 in the control group. The novel progressive pharmaceutical care model included making a brochure, making videos, setting up special drug dispensing window for asthma and COPD patients, face to face demonstration and evaluation, online consultation, and follow up and reevaluation, which was provided for the intervention group participants lasted for 3 months, while the control group patients received usual pharmaceutical care (oral instruction of using inhaler devices was only provided). Outcome measures including rate of clinical effective, incidence of` exacerbation (≥ 2 times), medication adherence, inhaler technique score, rate of correct inhaler usage, and belief about medicines (BMQ) were used to evaluate the pharmaceutical care model. T test and χ2 test were used. Patient satisfaction in the intervention group was surveyed after 3 months. Results: After 3 months’ intervention, the rate of clinical effective, the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) score, the inhaler technique score and the rate of correct inhaler usage were higher and the incidence of` exacerbation (≥2 times) and the BMQ score were lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (P<0.00). Besides, the item 1-4, and item 6-7 of patient satisfaction in the intervention group achieved at least 93.18%. Conclusions: The novel progressive pharmaceutical care model based on inhaler technique gave great improvement in the disease management of patients with asthma and COPD. It is proved to be valuable and worthy of further promotion.
Construcionalização e competição de conectores concessivos e concessivo-condicionais instanciados pelo esquema [Xque] em português
Authors: Dos Santos Silva Thiago , Da Conceição Cezario Maria Maura
Published: November 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar a formação dos conectores ainda que e mesmo que, instanciados pelo esquema [Xque]CONECT em português, assim como verificar seus usos e contextos em que poderiam estar em competição. Foram coletados dados do Corpus do Português, do século XIII ao século XX, a fim de observar os processos de mudanças pelos quais passaram as construções analisadas, bem como propor a rede linguística da qual as construções fazem parte. A pesquisa está inserida numa abordagem construcional de mudança linguística (TRAUGOTT; TROUSDALE, 2013), sob a ótica da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso. Os dados nos mostram que os conectores analisados passaram por um processo de construcionalização, visto que houve mudanças na forma e na função, formando novas construções na língua. Mostram também que, embora sejam semanticamente semelhantes, esses conectivos tendem a ser usados em contextos pragmático-discursivos diferentes.