bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water supply system in Titab village and Telaga village, Busungbiu district, Buleleng regency
Authors: Harmayani Kadek Diana , Yekti Mawiti Infantri , Suputra I Ketut , Anzas Dwi Anggara Putra I Ketut
Published: March 2019

The rate of population growth in Titab and Telaga Village, Busungbiu District, Buleleng Regency in 2007-2010 reaches 0.75%, which affects the level of water demand needed for daily needs. One of the efforts to meet the needs of raw water for drinking water, among others, by the development of a potable water supply system infrastructure. Based on the facts, it is necessary to design Water Supply System (SPAM) in Titab and Telaga Village with Titab Reservoir spring with 350 l/dt of debit which is expected to give standard of quantity, quality, continuity of service for Titab and Telaga Village which is 5 km from the dam. In order to maximize the service to the community in Titab and Telaga Village, it is necessary to know the use of drinking water for each household. The next analysis is the calculation of projected drinking water needs over the next 20 years. Planning and calculation of water distribution using WaterCad i8 Software. From the result of projection analysis, the drinking water requirement in Titab and Telaga Village based on the fact of household drinking water usage in 2037 is 5,568 lt/sec. While the effort to maximize water supply network services is by projecting drinking water needs in Titab and Telaga Village based on the fact of household drinking water usage. With the help of WaterNet Software, it will simplify the distribution network planning of drinking water in order to produce integrated drinking water network system to meet the needs of clean water in Titab and Telaga Village.
The analysis of health aspects in housing type 45, Panorama Indah residence, Pekanbaru
Authors: Morena Yenita , Suprasman  , Gussyafri  , Oktareza Ewis
Published: March 2019

Healthy housing is one of the needs that must be completed in order to support the householders to obtain an optimal degree of welfare for their living. The aim of this research is to determine how far the housing type 45, Panorama Indah Residence, Pekanbaru, qualified as a healthy house according to the Directorate General of Human Settlements, Department of Public Works of 1986. The criteria of a healthy house are divided into four (4) aspects, namely: amenities, health, building intensity, and affordability. The parameters of a healthy house, particularly health aspects, include adequacy of lighting, ventilation, and the supply of clean and drinking water; the disposal of household waste water, rain drainage, and household waste; also all parts of the house, including floors and walls, must not be humid, and be unaffected by pollution from dirty water and air. This research used synchronising the regulations method with the real condition by conducting a direct field survey and was analysed by design document. The results of this research indicated that the housing type 45 has not met all the demands of a healthy house requirement, particularly the health aspect. This included the lighting, lack of ventilation and unavailable trash cans in the area of the housing.
An overview on economic machining of hardened steels by hard turning and its process variables
Authors: Anand Abhishek , Behera Ajay Kumar , Das Sudhansu Ranjan
Published: March 2019

Producers of machined components and manufactured goods are continually challenged to reduce cost, improve quality, and minimize setup times in order to remain competitive. Frequently the answer is found with new technology solutions. In the recent years, there has been increasing interest in hard turning over grinding for machining of hardened steels in automotive, bearing, mold-die making industries. Hard turning is greatly affected by factors like machine tool, cutting tool geometry and materials, cutting parameters, and cooling methods. There are some issues in the process which should be understood and dealt with such as friction and heat generation at the cutting area that can affect the tool life and surface finish apart from other machining results to achieve successful performance. Researchers have worked upon several aspects related to hard turning and came up with their own recommendations to overcome these problems. This article presents an overview on all the factors that influences hard turning operations performance and is an attempt to give a proper understanding of the process. A summary of the hard turning techniques is outlined and further a comparison of hard turning and grinding is discussed with regard to certain evaluation criteria based on process economical efficiency.
La pente individualiste
Authors: Bourcier Gérard
Published: March 2019

Depuis quelques dizaines d’années, de nombreux auteurs, qu’ils soient sociologues (Gauchet, Ehrenberg) ou cliniciens (Lebrun, Melman, Jeammet) - ont souligné les liens de cause à effet qui semblent exister entre la configuration du lien social telle qu’elle se manifeste à un moment donné de l’histoire (ancien régime, révolution industrielle, etc.) et la prévalence de certains types de personnalité et également de certaines manifestations psychopathologiques. C’est en ce sens qu’Ehrenberg, soulignant comme de nombreux auteurs la pente individualiste contemporaine, parle de l’effacement progressif de la névrose au profit de la dépression « à mesure que le continent du permis a reculé au profit du possible ». L’auteur s’efforce par ailleurs de mettre en perspective l’évolution contemporaine du lien social avec les tendances thérapeutiques actuelles.
Questions of the Estimation of Efficiency of Public Administration in Modern Conditions
Authors: Kokhanovskaya I.I. , Fatykhova A.L. , Khachaturyan A.A. , Khachaturyan K.S.
Published: March 2019

The system of public administration directly determines the degree of well-being and opportunities for a happy life for the inhabitants of the country. Public administration contributes to the satisfaction of the material, social, cultural needs of different groups of the population, which is achieved by using specific actions. The article discusses the main approaches to the efficiency of public administration, as well as highlights the ways to improve the efficiency of public administration.
Actual Problems of the Russian Economy
Authors: Moiseev V.V. , Kramskoy S.I. , Karelina E.A. , Karelina M.Yu.
Published: March 2019

The urgency of researching the problems of the Russian economy is beyond doubt. It is determined by the scale and complexity of the tasks set by President V. Putin in 7the May 2018 decree.

The purpose of the study is to study the current problems of the Russian economy and, on this basis, offer recommendations for their elimination in order to achieve the indicators indicated by the head of state and above all enter the TOP-5 largest economies of the world.

The main objectives of the study were: 1. To identify the main problems of the Russian economy. 2. To analyze the current shortcomings policy. 3. To show the conditions under which the economy can develop at a pace. When studying the main issues of the topic, the authors use the following methods: dialectic, system-functional, economic-statistical, and formal-logical methods; the method of comparative analysis was used by the authors for comparison with the economies of other countries, for example, with the economy of China.

In this article, the authors attempted to analyze the main current problems of the Russian economy in order to show which “baggage” should be eliminated in the near future, which priority tasks should be solved in order to make a planned breakthrough in socio-economic development and get into the TOP-5 largest economies in the world.
The Main Modernization Directions of the Industrial Complex
Authors: Belanova N.N. , Kornilova A.D. , Mantulenko V.V. , Mantulenko A.V.
Published: March 2019

The functioning of enterprises in the conditions of economic uncertainty and high risks associated with it, dependence on external economic conjuncture, low competitiveness of domestic goods and services of Russia give determine a range of problems that can be solved only through modernization reforms in industry. They are determined by the formation of a competitive type of industrial production in Russia and high-tech industries that are able to generate high technology and modernize the sectoral system of national reproduction. Modernization of the Russian industry is based on internal growth factors using modern technologies and business methods with a gradual increase of the innovation potential.

The purpose of the study is to identify the main directions of modernization for the formation of a modern competitive industry as the basis for ensuring economic growth and improving the quality of life of the population. To achieve this goal, the authors used dialectical, system-functional, economic-statistical, and formal-logical methods.

In this contribution, the authors summarized the main directions of the implementation of industrial policy, presented statistical data on the creation of industrial parks. To strengthen the industrial potential of the Russian economy, it is necessary to provide conditions for the development of modern production, increasing production and energy efficiency, and increasing investment in fixed assets. The authors developed measures for the modernization of the industrial complex and predicted results of this program. Among key activities there are the development of affordable investment and innovation infrastructure, the creation of industrial parks and the development of the institutional environment.
Exponential Models of Breakthrough Development of Industrial Systems for Achievement of Global Competitiveness
Authors: Tolstykh T.O. , Sheremetyeva E.N. , Shkarupeta E.V. , Mitropolskaya-Rodionova N.V.
Published: March 2019

In terms of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, not only the list of end-to-end technologies is changing, but the thinking and methodological approaches to the development of breakthrough scenarios are radically transformed. Obviously, actively recovering industry in next few years will be one of the main drivers of economic growth in Russia. The main conductor of breakthrough development in these conditions will be promising high-growth industrial companies that have the highest leadership potential in both the Russian and global markets. The article reviews the exponential models of the breakthrough development of industrial systems, which will achieve global competitiveness in high-tech markets.
Methodology of Complex Evaluation of Sustainable Development of Socio-Environmental-Economic Systems
Authors: Bakanach O.V. , Proskurina N.V. , Tokarev Yu.A.
Published: March 2019

This feasibility study proposes a new approach to the classification of data array concerning sustainable development of socio-environmental-economic systems (hereinafter referred to as SEES) in the area of large river basins. The developed methodology allows carrying out the integrated assessment and forecasting the principal results of the territorial entities functioning and is based on the socio-environmental-economic conditions and the use of multidimensional comparative analysis of the development of individual territories, which, in its turn, allows considering the regional characteristics of their development. The aim of the study is to determine the conceptual and methodological foundations of integrated assessment of SEES sustainable development in the area of a large river basin. The methods of logical analysis (deduction), non-parametric statistical multidimensional estimation (PATTERN method) and econometric modeling were used in this work. The novelty of the proposed approaches consists in the development of theoretical and methodological guidelines for further improvement of the mechanism of integrated assessment of SEES formation, forecasting its development and sustainable functioning at the regional level. The obtained results allow to rank the territories according to integrated assessment, as well as to develop regional strategic programs.
The Index of Inclusive Development in Formation of the New Concept of Economic Growth
Authors: Chistik O.F. , Eliseev V.A.
Published: March 2019

The main attention in this article is paid to the global socio-economic and demographic problems which are slowing down the rates of world economic growth. This work reveals the contents of the index of inclusive development and the concept of inclusive growth, their application for development of the human capital and acceleration of rates of growth of world GDP is considered.
Mission of Social Entrepreneurship in Modern Russia
Authors: Pecherskaya E.P. , Tarasova T.M. , Timofeeva E.A. , Zarubin V.G.
Published: March 2019

The article discusses the essential characteristics of social entrepreneurship. The authors emphasize that the origins of social entrepreneurship in entrepreneurship is a special kind of market behavior. Creating and establishing intersectoral cooperation that will meet economic and social needs will enable success in this area. Our country still lacks a legislative initiative and a clear policy aimed at the development of this phenomenon. Society needs to be prepared for the fact that many social problems can be solved not only by the state, but also by private individuals seeking to make the world at least a little bit better. It`s necessary to form among young people the correct idea of social entrepreneurship and how with their own resources and with the support of specialized organizations one can achieve the solution of many pressing problems of our time. From the standpoint of the formation and development of entrepreneurial qualities, the education system should contribute to a change in value orientations, equip the population with sustainable knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of entrepreneurship, motivate the individual to this activity, which requires finding and implementing new approaches to the content and organization of the educational process for all levels of education. The article shows the results of a study on the problems of the process of formation of entrepreneurial competence among students. The research showed the presence of entrepreneurial skills and a desire to implement it at the end of the learning process. A good step towards the development of this type of business would be the emergence in universities of a developed entrepreneurial infrastructure, moreover, aimed at solving social problems in society.
Problems of Integrated Planning of Logistics Activities in the Supply Chain
Authors: Sosunova L.A. , Astafieva N.V. , Yudakova O.V. , Petrova N.E.
Published: March 2019

The processes of market integration and globalization are increasingly transforming enterprises into a network or structure of a macro-logical system or supply chain. The scale and scope of activities of such companies require their division into several groups by functions, regions, divisions and so on. At the same time, each group is responsible for the management assigned to it by part of the business. Therefore, there is a need to use a comprehensive or integrated planning of logistics activities, which will not only see the future prospects, but also to show the entire chain of the business process of the organization as a whole, to distribute responsibilities and improve the efficiency of its functioning in the market. This explains the relevance of the research topic. The purpose of the study is to analyze approaches to assessing the effectiveness of integrated planning and determine the most appropriate. Objectives of the study: to analyze approaches to assessing the effectiveness (multifactorial, sectoral, integrated), to determine the approach used to evaluate the effectiveness in practice, and to determine the criterion of effectiveness as an integral indicator, the value of which can be judged on the extent to which the goals of the integrated plan are implemented. Since the efficiency of this mechanism is a multidimensional concept, it is usually impossible to obtain the efficiency criterion in the form of a scalar function. In this case, it is possible to use the multicomponent criterion obtained as a result of the study, the components of which are independent, relatively independent from each other by the criteria of micro, meso and macro efficiency.
Exports of Russian Cereals: Analysis of the Current State and Development Prospects
Authors: Shchutskaya A.V. , Ivanova E.E.
Published: March 2019

Exports of Russian cereals have been growing for five years. In 2017, exports of Russian cereals came to the second rate in the world, and wheat exports came to the first rate. In near future, Russia intends to increase its export potential and maintain its leadership in the global cereals market. The authors have put forward the hypothesis that increasing exports of Russian cereals are not just the result of a favorable combination of weather, economic and political conditions, but it is an expected result of the development of Russian cereal farming. The purpose of the study is to examine the factors that could increase the volume of exports of Russian cereals, and elaborate perspective ways to develop the export potential to strengthen the Russian position in the world cereals market. Using the methods of theoretical analysis, the authors have revealed the peculiarities of Russian and world market development. Economic and statistical methods of analysis have allowed to determine the trends and the conditioning factors in the cereals market development. The authors have come to the conclusion that increasing exports of cereals are caused by growth in cereals production and changes in the expense side in the Russian cereals balance, as well as an active foreign economic activity to expand cereals supplies, and state exports support. Russia is able to increase the volume of food exports, augmenting not only exports of cereals, but also derivative products, which are characterized by high added value, that is the most promising way to develop the export potential.
Digital Technologies in the Control System for Equipment Reconditioning in Oil and Gas Companies
Authors: Volkodavova E.V. , Tomazova O.V.
Published: March 2019

In the era of global technological changes in oil and gas companies, business processes for extraction, processing and transportation of hydrocarbons are being improved, which requires modern high-tech equipment serving these technological processes. Ensuring trouble-free, uninterrupted operation of the equipment of oil and gas companies requires the introduction of digital technologies for its maintenance and repair. The relevance of this study is to develop digitalization of business processes for equipment reconditioning in oil and gas companies. The main business processes of extraction, transportation and processing of hydrocarbons are digitized quite fully. Supporting business processes of repair and maintenance of the equipment aimed at reconditioning and ensuring its smooth operation require further development based on their digitalization.
The Regulatory Provision of Strategic Planning Russian Municipalities
Authors: Devyatkina O.Ye. , Koroleva E.N.
Published: March 2019

The results of the in-depth analysis of the regulatory support of the strategic planning of municipalities of the Samara region are presented at the article. Also at the article identified problem areas at the regional and municipal levels, formulated proposals for improving the regulatory legal framework in the field of strategic planning of municipal development. The received proposals for the improvement of legal regulation in this area can be addressed to other Russian municipalities.
Foreign Prison Experience Resocialization of Prisoners
Authors: Timofeeva E.A
Published: March 2019

At the present stage, the analysis of foreign experience in the field of re-socialization of prisoners becomes relevant. One of the main objectives of this article is to consider the problem of the process of re-socialization of prisoners. Among the objectives of this article is to analyze the best foreign experience in this field. The author pays special attention to various types of social, psychological and pedagogical work with prisoners. As a result, the author analyzes modern social and psychological programs for prisoners, contributing to their successful re-socialization. In the process of writing the article used General scientific and private scientific research methods. The leading method of studying this problem is comparative analysis. The result of the analysis was a generalization of the author of the advanced methods of foreign practices in the field of the re-socialization significance of the results is confirmed by isolation of the author of the directions in the process of re-socialization of prisoners, which can be applied as best practices in the activities of the UIS Russia.
Elevated Circulating Levels of Motilin are Associated with Diabetes in Individuals after Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Gold-Smith Fuchsia D. , Singh Ruma G. , Petrov Maxim S.
Published: March 2019

Aim The study aimed to investigate the associations between glycaemic control after acute pancreatitis and gastrointestinal motility, using plasma motilin concentration and gastroparesis cardinal symptom index score as proxies.

Methods This cross-sectional study recruited a total of 93 individuals after acute pancreatitis. Gastroparesis cardinal index scores, demographic and anthropometric factors, as well as pancreatitis-related factors were analysed. Fasting venous blood was collected to measure motilin, glycated haemoglobin, and fasting blood glucose. Linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between glycaemic control and gastrointestinal motility in unadjusted and adjusted models.

Results Motilin was significantly higher in individuals with diabetes across all adjusted models, with the highest ß-coefficient (95% confidence interval) of 588.89 (138.50, 1039.28); P=0.010. Fasting blood glucose was significantly associated with motilin across all models, with the highest ß-coefficient (95% confidence interval) of 156.30 (55.49, 257.10); P=0.002. Glycated haemoglobin was significantly associated with motilin in one adjusted model with ß-coefficient (95% confidence interval) of 18.78 (1.53, 36.02); P=0.033. Gastroparesis cardinal symptom index was not significantly associated with any measure of glycaemic control.

Conclusions Diabetes in individuals after acute pancreatitis appears to be characterised by elevated plasma motilin but not gastroparesis cardinal symptom index. The role of motilin in this setting warrants further investigations.
A Stereoselective Synthesis of the ACE Inhibitor Trandolapril
Authors: Chiha Slim , Spilles Matthias , Neudörfl Jörg-Martin , Schmalz Hans-Günther
Published: March 2019

A conceptually novel and stereoselective synthesis of the enantiopure octahydroindole building block and its conversion into the ACE inhibitor trandolapril was achieved. Key steps include the α-allylation of a protected l-pyroglutamic acid derivative, a highly diastereoselective Hosomi–Sakurai reaction and a Ru-catalyzed ring-closing metathesis of a 4,5-diallylated proline. This way, the synthesis of trandolapril was efficiently achieved in 25% overall yield (12 steps).
Linking Electronic Health Record and Trauma Registry Data: Assessing the Value of Probabilistic Linkage
Authors: Durojaiye Ashimiyu , Puett Lisa , Levin Scott , Toerper Matthew , McGeorge Nicolette , Webster Kristen , Deol Gurmehar , Kharrazi Hadi , Lehmann Harold , Gurses Ayse
Published: March 2019

Background Electronic health record (EHR) systems contain large volumes of novel heterogeneous data that can be linked to trauma registry data to enable innovative research not possible with either data source alone.

Objective This article describes an approach for linking electronically extracted EHR data to trauma registry data at the institutional level and assesses the value of probabilistic linkage.

Methods Encounter data were independently obtained from the EHR data warehouse (n = 1,632) and the pediatric trauma registry (n = 1,829) at a Level I pediatric trauma center. Deterministic linkage was attempted using nine different combinations of medical record number (MRN), encounter identity (ID) (visit ID), age, gender, and emergency department (ED) arrival date. True matches from the best performing variable combination were used to create a gold standard, which was used to evaluate the performance of each variable combination, and to train a probabilistic algorithm that was separately used to link records unmatched by deterministic linkage and the entire cohort. Additional records that matched probabilistically were investigated via chart review and compared against records that matched deterministically.

Results Deterministic linkage with exact matching on any three of MRN, encounter ID, age, gender, and ED arrival date gave the best yield of 1,276 true matches while an additional probabilistic linkage step following deterministic linkage yielded 110 true matches. These records contained a significantly higher number of boys compared to records that matched deterministically and etiology was attributable to mismatch between MRNs in the two data sets. Probabilistic linkage of the entire cohort yielded 1,363 true matches.

Conclusion The combination of deterministic and an additional probabilistic method represents a robust approach for linking EHR data to trauma registry data. This approach may be generalizable to studies involving other registries and databases.
Leveraging Electronic Dental Record Data to Classify Patients Based on Their Smoking Intensity
Authors: Patel J. , Siddiqui Z. , Krishnan A. , Thyvalikakath T.
Published: March 2019

Background Smoking is an established risk factor for oral diseases and, therefore, dental clinicians routinely assess and record their patients' detailed smoking status. Researchers have successfully extracted smoking history from electronic health records (EHRs) using text mining methods. However, they could not retrieve patients' smoking intensity due to its limited availability in the EHR. The presence of detailed smoking information in the electronic dental record (EDR) often under a separate section allows retrieving this information with less preprocessing.

Objective To determine patients' detailed smoking status based on smoking intensity from the EDR.

Methods First, the authors created a reference standard of 3,296 unique patients’ smoking histories from the EDR that classified patients based on their smoking intensity. Next, they trained three machine learning classifiers (support vector machine, random forest, and naïve Bayes) using the training set (2,176) and evaluated performances on test set (1,120) using precision (P), recall (R), and F-measure (F). Finally, they applied the best classifier to classify smoking status from an additional 3,114 patients’ smoking histories.

Results Support vector machine performed best to classify patients into smokers, nonsmokers, and unknowns (P, R, F: 98%); intermittent smoker (P: 95%, R: 98%, F: 96%); past smoker (P, R, F: 89%); light smoker (P, R, F: 87%); smokers with unknown intensity (P: 76%, R: 86%, F: 81%), and intermediate smoker (P: 90%, R: 88%, F: 89%). It performed moderately to differentiate heavy smokers (P: 90%, R: 44%, F: 60%). EDR could be a valuable source for obtaining patients’ detailed smoking information.

Conclusion EDR data could serve as a valuable source for obtaining patients' detailed smoking information based on their smoking intensity that may not be readily available in the EHR.
Postoperative Plasma Mitochondrial DNA and Cytokine Profiles of Elderly Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Estevez-Cid Francisco , Serrano-Teruel Maria E. , Fernandez-Rodriguez Fernando , Bouzas-Mosquera Alberto , Fernandez-Moreno Mercedes , Dieguez-Garcia Paula , Cuenca-Castillo Jose J. , Bautista-Hernandez Victor
Published: March 2019

Introduction Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is gaining increasing interest as a marker of cellular damage and could also act as an inflammatory mediator in cardiopulmonary bypass induced postoperative inflammatory response. Although minimally invasive heart valve surgery reportedly reduces inflammation, the mtDNA and cytokine profile in this context remains unclear.

Materials and Methods Here, we report a prospective series of 40 elderly patients with aortic stenosis who underwent bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement (AVR) through upper ministernotomy with either a sutureless (n = 20) or a conventional (n = 20) valve. Primary end points included serial plasma levels of mtDNA (T1: at baseline; T2: 4 hours after surgery; and T3: 24s hour after surgery), cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]), and myocardial necrosis biomarkers (MNBs), whereas secondary end points included clinical and echocardiographic data.

Results Significant increases in the postoperative plasma levels (T2) of mtDNA, cytokines, and MNBs were observed in all patients. The postoperative plasma levels of mtDNA, TNF-α, and MNBs showed no significant differences between the treatment groups, although there was a trend toward lower levels in the sutureless group. The decreases in aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times seen in the sutureless group were associated with significant lower postoperative levels (T2 and T3) of IL-6.

Conclusion AVR through upper ministernotomy was associated with a significant increase in postoperative plasma levels of mtDNA and cytokines. There was no difference in the mtDNA levels between the sutureless and conventional valve groups, suggesting a similar level of inflammation in both groups. However, the shorter operation time observed in the sutureless valve group was associated with significantly lower postoperative levels of IL-6, indicating potential clinical benefits.
Avoiding the Unhappy Patient by Building Rapport in the Internet Age
Authors: Kern Eugene , Friedman Oren
Published: March 2019

The dynamics of the doctor–patient relationship has been complicated as more patients seem to expect perfection in this age of selfies and Internet postings. The preoperative patient interview is critical to recognize both body language clues and subtle but apparent red flags to avoid rhinoplasty on potentially unhappy patients. This interview should include routine use of a body dysmorphic disorder screening questionnaire since legions of these patients are undiagnosed prior to surgery and few, if any, are ever satisfied with even an excellent surgical result. These patients need diagnosis and psychological intervention—not surgery. Rapport is critical to patient and surgeon's satisfaction; therefore, it is valuable to practice the ABC's of rapport building: 1) active listening, (2) positive body language, and (3) candor.
Numerical investigation on the effects of discharge conditions on a nanosecond pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Zhang Shen , Chen Zhenli , Zhang Binqian , Chen Yingchun
Published: March 2019

In order to understand the impacts of discharge conditions on the discharge characteristics of a nanosecond pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge, the effects of gas pressure, temperature, and velocity are numerically investigated by using a three-equation drift-diffusion model with a 4-species 4-reaction air chemistry. The scaling laws of plasma morphology and gas heating on pressure are obtained for further reduced modeling in the flow-control application. Theoretical discussions on the scaling laws are carefully conducted. When the pressure increases in the studied range, while the temperature is fixed, the streamer propagating velocity (V), the plasma sheath thickness (h), the maximum streamer length (L), the total discharge energy (QD_ei), and the gas heating (QGH) decrease. The plasma morphology and the gas heating have different scalings on the pressure according to V∼ep, h∼p−0.8, L∼p−0.8, QD_ei∼p−0.5, and QGH∼p−0.5. When the temperature decreases in the investigated range, while the pressure is kept constant, V, h, L, QD_ei, and QGH also decrease. When the gas velocity increases from 0m/s to 258m/s, while the pressure and the temperature are kept fixed, V and h increase. The total QD_ei and QGH increase by 4.3% and 4.6%, respectively. It is concluded that, on the one hand, the discharge characteristics are mainly dominated by the gas number density, which can be equivalently changed by the gas pressure and temperature. On the other hand, when the gas pressure and temperature are kept constant, the uniform gas velocity has weak effects on the discharge characteristics.
Pressure effects on the vibrational and rotational relaxation of vibrationally excited OH (ν, J) in an argon bath
Authors: Chitsazi Rezvan , Wagner Albert F.
Published: March 2019

Quasi-classical molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the energy relaxation of an initially non-rotating, vibrationally excited (ν = 4) hydroxyl radical (OH) in an Ar bath at 300 K and at high pressures from 50 atm to 400 atm. A Morse oscillator potential represented the OH, and two sets of interaction potentials were used based on whether the Ar–H potential was a Buckingham (Exp6) or a Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential. The vibrational and rotational energies were monitored for 25 000–90 000 ps for Exp6 trajectories and 5000 ps for LJ trajectories. Comparisons to measured vibrational relaxation rates show that Exp6 rates are superior. Simulated initial vibrational relaxation rates are linearly proportional to pressure, implying no effect of high-pressure breakdown in the isolated binary collision approximation. The vibrational decay curves upward from single-exponential decay. A model based on transition rates that exponentially depend on the anharmonic energy gap between vibrational levels fits the vibrational decay well at all pressures, suggesting that anharmonicity is a major cause of the curvature. Due to the competition of vibration-to-rotation energy transfer and bath gas relaxation, the rotational energy overshoots and then relaxes to its thermal value. Approximate models with adjustable rates for this competition successfully reproduced the rotational results. These models show that a large fraction of the vibrational energy loss is initially converted to rotational energy but that fraction decreases rapidly as the vibrational energy content of OH decreases. While simulated rates change dramatically between Exp6 and LJ potentials, the mechanisms remain the same.
Hybrid femtosecond/picosecond pure rotational anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy of nitrogen at high pressures (1–70 atm) and temperatures (300–1000 K)
Authors: Courtney Trevor L. , Mecker Nils Torge , Patterson Brian D. , Linne Mark , Kliewer Christopher J.
Published: March 2019

We demonstrate hybrid femtosecond/picosecond (fs/ps) pure-rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (RCARS) at high temperatures and pressures. Pulse-shaper-produced 40 fs pulses and bandwidth-narrowed, frequency-upconverted 5 ps pulses interact in a high-pressure cell containing N2 at 1–70 atm and 300–1000 K. Accurate experimental temperatures evaluated from fits to model rotational spectra confirm that the sensitivity and precision advantages of hybrid fs/ps RCARS can be exploited in characterizing combustion environments, even in the pressure regime where significant collisional energy transfer and line broadening cannot be neglected.
Thin film rare earth iron garnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for spintronic applications
Authors: Zanjani Saeedeh Mokarian , Onbasli Mehmet C.
Published: March 2019

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in garnet thin films is important for achieving numerous spintronic applications including spin-orbit switching. In this study, we computationally investigated how to control PMA by tuning substrate strain in Holmium Iron Garnet (HoIG) films grown on five different (111) single crystal garnet substrates of Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG, Gd3Ga5O12), Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12), Terbium Gallium Garnet (TGG, Tb3Ga5O12), Substituted Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (sGGG, Gd3Sc2Ga3O12), and Neodymium Gallium Garnet (NGG, Nd3Ga5O12). The negative sign of effective anisotropy energy density, Keff < 0, and anisotropy field, Ha < 0, determines the easy magnetization axis of the film to be perpendicular to the film surface. Here, we show that magnetoelastic anisotropy energy density determines the sign of the total anisotropy and it can be manipulated by altering the lattice parameter mismatch of the film and its substrate. Based on this study, HoIG is predicted to have PMA when grown on GGG, TGG and YAG among all five substrates mentioned. Moreover, the saturation field magnitude is calculated as an order of several hundreds of Oersteds, which is feasible in practical applications to saturate rare earth iron garnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.
Guided wave phased array sensor based on a Galfenol flake-epoxy composite patch with unique circular comb pattern
Authors: Yoo Byungseok , Pines Darryll J.
Published: March 2019

This paper investigates a study of the use of a Fe-Ga alloy (Galfenol) flake-epoxy composite patch with a circular comb shape for Magnetostrictive Phased Array Sensors (MPAS) used for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) applications based on the ultrasonic Guided Wave (GW) inspection technique. Galfenol materials have demonstrated a variety of beneficial properties for transducer developments such as high magneto-mechanical coupling, low hysteresis loss, moderate magnetostriction and saturation magnetization, and steel-like manufacturability. However, typical Galfenol materials exhibit anisotropic magnetostrictive characteristics that are disadvantageous for a wide range of applications to the GW SHM, especially phased array technology. To overcome the limitation of the Galfenol materials for the service of the GW phased array approach, we developed the Galfenol composite patch based on the circular comb pattern to improve the directional GW sensing performance using the shape anisotropic effect of the magnetostrictive material. The GW MPAS used in this work consists of a magnetostrictive composite patch directly bonded to a waveguide structure and a non-contact and azimuthally rotatable Hexagonal Magnetic Circuit Device (HMCD) including a biasing magnet and six sensing coils with predetermined directional sensing preferences. Although the GW signals obtained from the MPAS using the Galfenol composite patch were weak, the experimental results validated that the proposed MPAS was capable of detecting GWs using the flake-epoxy composite material and exhibited the obvious directional sensing characteristics. There are only six sensing coils in the HMCD, but the MPAS can acquire additional GW signal data in the Galfenol composite patch by simply altering the rotational orientation of the HMCD, leading to effective array imaging results by suppressing unwanted shadow images induced by the side lobe effect of the directional wavenumber filtering method.
Effects of packing density on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanowire assemblies
Authors: Xing Meiying , Mohapatra Jeotikanta , Elkins Jacob , Beatty Julian , Liu J. Ping
Published: March 2019

The magnetic properties of single crystalline hcp Co nanowire (NW) assemblies with different packing densities are investigated. The compacted assemblies exhibit an unusual increase in coercivity (HC) from 5.5 kOe to 6.1 kOe with the increase of the packing density from 2.1 to 4.5 g/cm3. While Hc decreases with further increase in packing density. A similar trend in Hc value variation with density has also been noticed at different temperatures. The initial increase in HC values is ascribed to magnetostatic interaction between the nanowires, which became stronger with the increased packing density. However, above the density of 4.5 g/cm3, the Hc decreases due to the proximity effect as shown in the δM plot. The δM plot shows a negative peak at high field and it becomes prominent with the increased density. Moreover, it has been found that the variation of HC with the packing density is also related to diameter of Co NWs. A larger diameter of the nanowires gives a negative dependence of the Hc value with the density in the whole investigated region.
Influence of normal velocity on microstructure and density of films produced by nanoparticle impact
Authors: McCallister J. J. H. , Keto J. W. , Becker M. F. , Kovar D.
Published: March 2019

We describe the use of the laser ablation of microparticle aerosol process to deposit patterned thick films of Ag by impacting nanoparticles with a mean size of 6 nm at high velocities and systematically study the effects of varying the nanoparticle impact velocity, while fixing the nanoparticle size. A positive relationship between impact velocity and relative density of the deposits is observed, but it is shown that the geometry of the deposits also influences the deposit density, with taller, narrower deposits resulting in lower relative densities. Scanning electron microscopy of film cross-sections shows that there are spatial variations in the relative density, with lower densities near the deposit surfaces. Using molecular dynamics simulations of the impact process for 6 nm particles, it is shown that a critical normal impacting velocity of 600-750 m/s exists for obtaining dense deposits. Normal velocities less than the critical velocity do not result in sufficient plastic deformation to fill interstices between the impacted particles. A geometric model based on this critical normal velocity and the relative deposit height is developed to explain the influence of relative heights and impacting velocity on porosity. Good qualitative agreement between the geometric model and experiments is demonstrated.
Nucleation and growth of atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride on Ni/MgO(111) by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Nakhaie Siamak , Heilmann Martin , Krause Thilo , Hanke Michael , Lopes J. Marcelo J.
Published: March 2019

Scalable fabrication of atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) films is highly important for the future implementation of this two-dimensional dielectric in various applications. In this contribution, we report on systematical growth experiments of few-layer thick h-BN, synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), on crystalline Ni films deposited on MgO(111). The samples are studied using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and synchrotron-based grazing incidence diffraction. Growth parameters for the realization of continuous h-BN films with high structural quality are presented and discussed. Additionally, our study also aims at gaining insight into the nucleation and growth behavior of h-BN on the Ni surface, which is crucial for achieving further improvement in terms of crystal quality and thickness homogeneity of h-BN layers grown not only by MBE but also by other methods.
Tuning positronium beams to advance science
Authors: Kish Stacy W.
Published: March 2019

New paper introduces a new apparatus that can tune a high-quality, mono-energetic beam of positronium atoms to the desired energy.
Prescribing physical activity as a preventive measure for middle-aged Australians with dementia risk factors
Authors: Annear Michael , Lucas Peter , Wilkinson Tim , Shimizu Yasuo
Published: March 2019

Dementia is increasing in Australia in line with population ageing and is expected to peak by mid-century. The development of common forms of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, is associated with lifestyle-related risk factors that are prevalent among middle-aged Australians, including obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes and depression. These risk factors can be significantly ameliorated through regular participation in moderate aerobic physical activity (PA). Current national and international guidelines recommend at least 150 min of aerobic PA per week for achieving health protective effects. Lifestyle intervention is a critical area for action as there are currently no medical or pharmaceutical interventions that can halt the progression of common dementias. Physician–patient discussions concerning risk reduction via habitual aerobic PA offers a complementary intervention as part of broader dementia management. Evidence suggests that to achieve the highest rates of adherence to PA, physician advice in primary care should be supported by wider policies, institutions and community services that offer a meaningful referral pathway and patient follow up after initial assessment. International Green Prescription programs provide examples of physician-led interventions in primary care that could inform further action in Australia.
Molecular dynamics-guided discovery of an ago-allosteric modulator for GPR40/FFAR1
Authors: Lückmann Michael , Trauelsen Mette , Bentsen Marie A. , Nissen Tinne A. D. , Martins Joao , Fallah Zohreh , Nygaard Mads M. , Papaleo Elena , Lindorff-Larsen Kresten , Schwartz Thue W. , Frimurer Thomas M.
Published: March 2019

Significance

Structures of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in complex with ligands mainly provide frozen pictures with little information about the actual molecular mechanism of action of the ligand in the normally highly dynamic receptor. Through computer-based molecular dynamics simulations of a receptor for long-chain fatty acids, free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), we discover that an unoccupied, solvent-exposed pocket closes on removal of the lipid-like agonist; that is, during a major conformational change of the receptor. Importantly, a compound designed to prevent closure of this previously unrecognized, dynamic pocket was identified through structure-based virtual screening and shown to function as an allosteric agonist for the receptor. The study demonstrates that molecular dynamics simulations can be used in drug discovery to identify different modes of stabilizing specific receptor states.
Volumetric chemical imaging by clearing-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering microscopy
Authors: Wei Mian , Shi Lingyan , Shen Yihui , Zhao Zhilun , Guzman Asja , Kaufman Laura J. , Wei Lu , Min Wei
Published: March 2019

Significance

Cells form structures and perform functions through intricate 3D tissue organizations. However, due to tissue scattering, coherent Raman microscopy—a powerful method complementary to fluorescence imaging—suffers from limited imaging depth in tissues. Here, we develop a volumetric chemical imaging method with greater than 10-fold depth increase. We formulate a Raman-tailored tissue-clearing recipe and combine it with advanced Raman microscopies. Equipped with the toolbox of volumetric chemical imaging and analyses, we elucidate complex 3D structures, chemical compositions, and metabolic dynamics in diverse tissues including lipid synthesis throughout tumor spheroids, 3D networks of axons, vasculatures, and cell bodies in brain regions, as well as heterogeneous tumor structures and tumor metabolism.
Tree clusters in savannas result from islands of soil moisture
Authors: Rodriguez-Iturbe Ignacio , Chen Zijuan , Staver Ann Carla , Levin Simon Asher
Published: March 2019

Significance

Patterns of tree clusters in savannas display well-established characteristics that are explained by exogenous dynamics related to hot spots of soil moisture. These characteristics are related to the probability distribution of the cluster sizes and the fractal dimension of the cluster perimeters, both of which have a narrow range of variation regardless of specific climates. Such characteristics match very well those of the hot spots of high soil moisture when accounting for the impact of fire and herbivores.