bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of ICF core sets for head and neck cancer
Authors: Tschiesner Uta , Rogers Simon , Dietz Andreas , Yueh Bevan , Cieza Alarcos
Published: July 2009

Background.

Based on the International Classification of Functioning (ICF)—Disability and Health, participants from different professional and cultural backgrounds were invited to achieve consensus on a first version of ICF Core Set for head and neck cancer (HNC). It was designed to set standards for the assessment of functioning in HNC.

Methods.

The ICF was adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2001 and was used as the frame of reference. Preselection of potential ICF categories was based on 4 different preparatory studies: patient interviews, health professional surveys, literature review, and multicenter study applying ICF‐nomenclature. After training on the ICF, the results of preparatory studies were presented to 21 invited participants to vote in a formal consensus process on both the Brief and Comprehensive ICF Core Set for HNC. Participants came from all 6 WHO world regions, covering 12 different countries. Professional backgrounds included otorhinolaryngologists, maxillofacial surgeons, medical/radiation oncologists, psychologists, physiotherapists, nurses, and social workers.

Results.

The Comprehensive ICF Core Set for HNC included 112 categories (8% of entire ICF) and the Brief ICF Core Set for HNC included 19 categories (1% of ICF).

Conclusion.

A first version of ICF Core Sets for HNC was defined. Further validation is in process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Weekly 5‐fluorouracil plus cisplatin for concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer
Authors: Lee Young Joo , Lee Chang Geol , Cho Byoung Chul , Kim Gwi Eon , Choi Hye Jin , Choi Eun Chang , Sohn Joo Hyuk , Kim Joo‐Hang
Published: July 2009

Background.

In locally advanced head and neck cancer, concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with combined 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and cisplatin has increased acute toxicities as well as survival. Once‐weekly chemotherapeutic administration schedule may reduce severe toxicities. Thus, we investigated CRT using weekly administration of 5‐FU–cisplatin in locally advanced head and neck cancer.

Methods.

In a single‐arm, phase II study, CRT included radiation (70.0 Gy/35 fr) and weekly 5‐FU (750 mg/m2) and cisplatin (20 mg/m2).

Results.

Thirty‐two patients completed planned radiation. Thirteen (41%) achieved complete response, and 16 (50%) partial response. Twelve patients (38%) experienced acute grade 3 toxicities. Grade 3 mucositis, which was the most common toxicity, developed in 5 (16%) patients. The survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 81% and 76%, respectively. The progression‐free survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 69% and 66%, respectively.

Conclusions.

We demonstrated weekly 5‐FU‐cisplatin with conventional radiotherapy was efficacious and feasible with high compliance rate in locally advanced head and neck cancer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil induction chemotherapy followed by accelerated fractionation/concomitant boost radiation and concurrent cisplatin in patients with advanced squamous cell head and neck cancer: A Southwest Oncology Group phase II trial (S0216)
Authors: Adelstein David J. , Moon James , Hanna Ehab , Giri P. G. Shankar , Mills Glenn M. , Wolf Gregory T. , Urba Susan G.
Published: July 2009

Background

In an effort to optimize nonoperative therapy in patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer, the Southwest Oncology Group conducted a phase II trial combining 3‐drug taxane‐containing induction chemotherapy with accelerated fractionation/concomitant boost radiation and concomitant single‐agent cisplatin.

Methods

Two induction courses using docetaxel (75 mg/m2 on day 1), cisplatin (100 mg/m2 on day 1), and fluorouracil (1000 mg/m2/day continuous intravenous infusion days 1–4) were given, with an interval of 21 days. Patients who were stable or responded to the chemotherapy received definitive accelerated fractionation/concomitant boost radiation with concurrent cisplatin (100 mg/m2) on days 1 and 22 of radiation.

Results

There were 74 eligible and evaluable patients enrolled between March 1, 2003, and August 15, 2004; 52 (70%) had stage IV disease. At least 1 grade 3‐4 toxicity was experienced by 63 patients (85%) during induction. A total of 61 patients completed induction and began concurrent chemoradiotherapy; 50 (68%) completed all planned treatment. At least 1 grade 3‐4 toxicity was noted in 53 of the 58 patients (91%) evaluated for toxicity from concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Two patients died during induction, and 2 during chemoradiation. With a median follow‐up of 36 months (range, 14–50), the 2‐year and 3‐year overall survival estimates were 70% and 64%, with 2‐year and 3‐year progression‐free survival estimates of 66% and 61%, respectively.

Conclusions

Three‐drug induction chemotherapy followed by accelerated fractionation/concomitant boost radiation and concurrent cisplatin is toxic but feasible within a cooperative group. In this patient cohort with advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer, overall and progression‐free survivals were encouraging, justifying further study of this approach. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
New antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bacterial infections in cancer patients
Authors: Rolston Kenneth V. I.
Published: July 2009

Patients with cancer develop serious bacterial infections often, especially during periods of severe and prolonged neutropenia. Antibiotic usage for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections in these high‐risk patients leads to selection pressures resulting in the emergence and spread of resistant organisms. Many organisms acquire several resistance mechanisms, making them multi‐drug‐resistant (MDR) (defined as resistance to three or more different classes of antibiotics). These infections are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and costs. The development of novel antimicrobial agents with activity against pathogens that have become resistant to currently available agents is one strategy for combating resistant organisms. Several novel agents have either recently been approved, or are in various stages of development and are discussed in detail. It is unlikely that these agents will have a major impact on reducing the development and spread of MDR organisms. Consequently, the judicious use of currently available agents referred to as Antimicrobial Stewardship, and the development of and adherence to appropriate Infection Control policies and procedures are vital components in the management of these high‐risk patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous identification of parameter, initial condition, and boundary condition in groundwater modelling
Authors: Liu Hung‐Jen , Hsu Nien‐Sheng , Lee Tim Hau
Published: July 2009

In this paper, we perform an inverse method to simultaneously estimate aquifer parameters, initial condition, and boundary conditions in groundwater modelling. The parameter estimation is extended to a complete inverse problem that makes the calibrated groundwater flow model more realistic. The adjoint state method, the gradient search method, and the least square error algorithm are combined to build the optimization procedure. Horizontal two‐dimensional groundwater flow in a confined aquifer is exemplified to demonstrate the correlation between unknowns, the contribution of observation, as well as the suitability of applying the inverse method. The correlation analysis shows the connection between storage coefficient and initial condition. Besides, transmissivity and boundary conditions are also highly correlated. More observations at different location and time are necessary to provide sufficient information. A time series of unsteady head is requested for estimation of storage coefficient and initial condition. Observation near boundary is very effective for boundary condition estimation. The observation at pumping well mostly contributes to the estimation of transmissivity. According to all observations, it is possible to identify parameters, initial condition, and boundary condition simultaneously. Furthermore, the results not only illustrate the traditional assumption of known boundary condition but also initial condition, which may cause an incorrect estimation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Young infants' triangular communication with their parents in the context of maternal postpartum psychosis: Four case studies
Authors: Philipp Diane , Fivaz‐Depeursinge Elisabeth , Corboz‐Warnery Antoinette , Favez Nicolas
Published: July 2009

With increasing data on the dynamics of normative couples as they transition to parenthood and become a triad, the need for greater understanding of the impact of parental psychopathology on this transition has become clear. The goal of the current article is to begin exploring this area that has received little attention to date, by describing case examples from a study of clinical families as they transitioned to parenthood. Four representative cases were selected from a pool of 13 mother–father–baby triads, for whom the mother had been hospitalized conjointly with her infant due to a psychotic episode during the postpartum period. The families were observed as part of a clinical consultation that included a semistructured play paradigm known as the Lausanne Trilogue Play (LTP; E. Fivaz‐Depeursinge, & A. Corboz‐Warnery, 1999). Interactions were scored using standardized measures as well as clinical impressions. All families from the clinical sample were noted to struggle and frequently failed to achieve the goals of play. The impact on the infants in terms of their developing sense of self as well as their defensive strategies in this context are discussed, with clinical implications explored.
Attachment in substance‐exposed toddlers: The role of caregiving and exposure
Authors: Bergin Christi , McCollough Patricia
Published: July 2009

Prenatal substance exposure is linked to adverse outcomes in children. Some adverse outcomes may result from insecure attachment and low‐quality caregiving rather than from substance exposure. Little is known about the caregiving of polysubstance‐using mothers. To address this, low‐income mothers (n = 41) with their substance‐exposed 12‐month‐olds were compared with a nonexposed group case‐matched for other risk factors. Maternal sensitivity and involvement were analyzed from 2 hr of videotaped interaction. Attachment was assessed using the Attachment Q‐Set. Attachment security and quality of caregiving were quite low for both groups, with no significant differences. In addition, regression analyses revealed that quality of caregiving predicted attachment, but amount of alcohol and cocaine exposure did not. These results suggest that among toddlers with social risk, substance exposure may not predict insecure attachment. Previous research linking attachment to exposure may be better explained by low‐quality caregiving. Implications are that substance‐exposed children, and nonexposed children with comparable social risk, are likely to need intervention to enhance maternal sensitivity and involvement to improve psychiatric outcomes.
Preparation of core‐shell biodegradable microfibers for long‐term drug delivery
Authors: Huang Hui‐Hua , He Chuang‐Long , Wang Hong‐Sheng , Mo Xiu‐Mei
Published: July 2009

A coaxial electrospun technique to fabricate core‐shell microfibers (MFs) for drug delivery application is described. In one‐step, Paclitaxel (PTX)‐loaded poly(L‐lactic acid‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (75:25) (P(LLA‐CL)(core/shell)) was electrospun into MFs using 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol as the solvent. The physical and chemical properties of electrospun fibers were characterized by various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, and Fourier‐transform infrared. The fiber diameter depended on both the polymer concentration and the flow ratio of PTX to P(LLA‐CL). The encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release profile were measured using high performance liquid chromatography methods. PTX released from the MFs in a short burst over 24 h followed by very slow release over the following 60 days. In addition, the cytotoxicity of PTX‐loaded P(LLA‐CL) MFs was evaluated using 3‐[4,5‐dimehyl‐2‐thiazolyl]‐2, 5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide assay on HeLa cell lines. These results indicate that PTX could be released from P(LLA‐CL) fibers in a steady manner and effectively inhibit the activity of HeLa cells. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009.
Early matrix change of a nanostructured bone grafting substitute in the rat
Authors: Xu Weiguo , Holzhüter Gerd , Sorg Heiko , Wolter Daniel , Lenz Solvig , Gerber Thomas , Vollmar Brigitte
Published: July 2009

A nanocrystalline bone substitute embedded in a highly porous silica gel matrix (NanoBone®) has previously been shown to bridge bone defects by an organic matrix. As the initial host response on the bone graft substitute might be a determinant for subsequent bone formation, our present purpose was to characterize the early tissue reaction on this biomaterial. After implantation of 80 mg of NanoBone into the adipose neck tissue of a total of 35 rats, grafts were harvested for subsequent analysis at days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 21. The biomaterial was found encapsulated by granulation tissue which partly penetrated the implant at day 3 and completely pervaded the graft at day 12 on implantation. Histology revealed tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive giant cells covering the biomaterial. ED1 (CD68) immunopositivity of these cells further indicated their osteoclast‐like phenotype. Scanning electron microscopy revealed organic tissue components within the periphery of the graft already at day 9, whereas the central hematoma region still presented the silica‐surface of the biomaterial. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy further demonstrated that the silica gel was degraded faster in the peripheral granulation tissue than in the central hematoma and was replaced by organic host components by day 12. In conclusion, the silica gel matrix is rapidly replaced by carbohydrate macromolecules. This might represent a key step in the process of graft degradation on its way toward induction of bone formation. The unique composition and structure of this nanoscaled biomaterial seem to support its degradation by host osteoclast‐like giant cells. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Characteristics of highly flexible PDMS membranes for long‐term mechanostimulation of biological tissue
Authors: Armbruster Caroline , Schneider Matthias , Schumann Stefan , Gamerdinger Katharina , Cuevas Maximiliano , Rausch Sophie , Baaken Gerhard , Guttmann Josef
Published: July 2009

Measurement of mechanical properties of soft biological tissue remains a challenging task in mechanobiology. Recently, we presented a bioreactor for simultaneous mechanostimulation and analysis of the mechanical properties of soft biological tissue samples. In this bioreactor, the sample is stretched via deflection of a flexible membrane. It was found that the use of highly compliant membranes increases accuracy of measurements. Here, we describe the production process and characteristics of thin and flexible membranes of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) designed to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio of our bioreactor. By a spin‐coating process, PDMS membranes were built by polymerization of a two component elastomer. The influence of resin components proportion, rotation duration, and speed of the spinning were related to the membrane mechanics. Membranes of 22 mm inner diameter and 33 to 36 μm thickness at homogeneous profiles were produced. Isolated rat diaphragms served as biological tissue samples. Mechanical properties of the membranes remained constant during 24 h of mechanostimulation. In contrast, time‐ and strain‐dependent mechanical properties of the diaphragms were found. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
A novel technique to reconstruct a boxlike bone defect in the mandible and support dental implants with In vivo tissue‐engineered bone
Authors: Yao Jinfeng , Li Xiaoyu , Bao Chongyun , Fan Hongsong , Zhang Xingdong , Chen Zhiqing
Published: July 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using in vivo tissue‐engineered (TE) bone to repair boxlike mandibular defect and support dental implant, and then provide experimental evidence for the future application of the novel technique in the clinical setting. The TE bone graft was constructed in vivo by implanting osteoinductive calcium phosphate (Ca‐P) ceramics in the femoral muscles of dog for 8 weeks, then was transplanted to repair the autogeneic boxlike bone defect site created in one side of the mandible and simultaneously support a dental implant, while in the opposite side of the mandibular defect, the same ceramic was used directly as control. 8 weeks after transplantation, samples were harvested for analysis. The results demonstrated that the technique of in vivo tissue engineering improved the mechanical and biologic properties of ceramics significantly. After transplantation, the in vivo TE ceramic‐bone grafts were involved in bone metabolism of the host and fused well with the host bone. The dental implants were stable and had been integrated with both TE bone grafts and autologous bone. Therefore, it is feasible to construct a live bone graft with osteoinductive Ca‐P ceramics in vivo, then repair a mandibular bone defect, and support a dental implant. In conclusion, in vivo TE bone is a promising technique for bone repair. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Inflammatory suppression by endodontic sealers after aging 12 weeks In vitro
Authors: Brackett Martha Goël , Marshall Aksana , Lockwood Petra E. , Lewis Jill B. , Messer Regina L. W. , Bouillaguet Serge , Wataha John C.
Published: July 2009

Dental endodontic sealers are in intimate contact with tissues around the root apex (periapical area) for extended periods. New endodontic sealers have been developed in the past decade, but the biological responses to many new products are not well documented. In this study, we assessed in vitro monocytic cytotoxic and inflammatory responses to several contemporary endodontic sealers. AH‐Plus (AH), Pulp Canal Sealer (PC), Epiphany (EPH), Endo‐Rez (ER), and an experimental Endo‐Rez (ERx) were initially placed in buffered‐saline for 12 weeks to simulate in vivo use. After “aging,” specimens were placed in direct contact with THP1 monocytes for 72 h and their cytotoxicity (mitochondrial response; MTT) or ability to trigger or suppress cytokine secretion (ELISA; TNFα, IL1β, IL=6; +/− lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure) were measured relative to Teflon® (Tf) negative controls. Cellular responses among conditions were compared with ANOVA and Tukey post‐hoc analysis (α = 0.05). Two of the five sealers, EPH and PC, still suppressed cell mitochondrial activity by 70% or more after 12 weeks of conditioning in saline. No sealer alone activated monocytic TNFα, IL1β, or IL6 secretion (p > 0.05 vs. +LPS controls). When THP1 were activated by LPS after exposure to the sealers, differential suppression of TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 secretion was observed for two of the five sealers tested. (EPH and PC) This data suggest that common endodontic sealers do not activate monocytic TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 secretion in vitro by themselves, but degradation products of the sealers may suppress activation of monocytes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Designs with mutually orthogonal resolutions and decompositions of edge‐colored graphs
Authors: Lamken E. R.
Published: July 2009

Two resolutions R and R′ of a combinatorial design are called orthogonal if |Ri∩R|≤1 for all Ri∈R and R∈R′. A set Q={R1, R2, …, Rd} of d resolutions of a combinatorial design is called a set of mutually orthogonal resolutions (MORs) if the resolutions of Q are pairwise orthogonal. In this paper, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic existence of a (v, k, 1)‐BIBD with d mutually orthogonal resolutions for d≥2 and k≥3 and necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic existence of a (v, k, k−1)‐BIBD with d mutually orthogonal near resolutions for d≥2 and k≥3. We use complementary designs and the most general form of an asymptotic existence theorem for decompositions of edge‐colored complete digraphs into prespecified edge‐colored subgraphs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 17: 425–447, 2009
Mentalization‐based psychodynamic psychotherapy for psychosis
Authors: Brent Benjamin
Published: July 2009

This article discusses and illustrates the use of mentalization‐based psychodynamic psychotherapy for disturbances of awareness of the self and others in patients with psychotic‐spectrum disorders. The literature on impairments of mental processes involved in self‐awareness and awareness of others occurring in psychotic illnesses and the relationship between childhood trauma and the emergence of psychotic symptoms is reviewed. A case illustrates how mentalization‐based treatment can facilitate treatment engagement and be used to manage enactments in the psychotherapy with a patient with a psychotic disorder. Mentalization‐based psychotherapy may offer a useful adjunct to antipsychotic medication and psychosocial evidence‐based treatments in the care of individuals in the early phase of psychotic disorders. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65:1–12, 2009.
Reactive extraction of diols with phenyl boronic acid and trioctylmethylammonium chloride as coextractants and quantitative structure–property relationship of their extraction behaviors
Authors: Matsumoto Michiaki , Kado Atsushi , Shiraki Takayoshi , Kondo Kazuo , Yoshizuka Kazuharu
Published: July 2009

BACKGROUND: Diols that can be produced biologically have attracted much attention because of the increased cost of producing them chemically. The cost of separating the diols from the broth forms a major part of the total cost of microbial production. Reactive extraction using organoboronate is one promising method for recovering diols from the dilute aqueous solution.

RESULTS: A basic investigation of solvent extraction of diols was conducted at 303 K employing phenylboronic acid and trioctylmethylammonium chloride as coextractants in the mixed solvent. Both the tetrahedral boronate anion complex and trigonal boronate neutral complex were extracted. 1,3‐diols and vicinal diols were extracted, but 1,4‐diol was not extracted. Extraction equilibrium constants were correlated with the enthalpies of formation of the complexes, which were calculated by molecular modeling with semi‐empirical molecular orbital calculations considering the solvent effect.

CONCLUSION: The complex extraction behaviour of diols with phenylboronic acid and quaternary ammonium salt can be predicted by using the quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR). Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Understanding poverty dynamics in Kenya
Authors: Kristjanson Patti , Mango Nelson , Krishna Anirudh , Radeny Maren , Johnson Nancy
Published: July 2009

Combining qualitative–quantitative approaches, we examined the reasons behind household movements into and out of poverty across Kenya, and how they differ by livelihood zones. Among the 4773 households studied, 42 per cent were poor 15 years ago and 50 per cent are poor at the present time. Over the same period, 12 per cent of the households escaped poverty, while another 20 per cent fell into poverty. While some national trends were evident – such as the role of health problems in driving people into poverty and the importance of off‐farm income in getting them out – many reasons differ across livelihood zones, thus this paper provides an example of how regionally differentiated anti‐poverty policies can be investigated and designed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tree‐ring based drought reconstruction for the Guiqing Mountain (China): linkages to the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Authors: Fang Keyan , Gou Xiaohua , Chen Fahu , D'Arrigo Rosanne , Li Jinbao
Published: July 2009

We have reconstructed the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) from 1618 to 2005 for the Guiqing Mountain area, north central China, using tree rings of Pinus tabulaeformis. The reconstruction explains 49% of the actual PDSI variance during the common period 1951–2005. The PDSI reconstruction is representative of moisture conditions over a large area to the south and east of the sampling site, the core area for the 1997 severe drought. It shows slightly different variations when compared to other available PDSI reconstructions north and west of the sampling sites. The drought epoch since 1994 is most severe for our study region, with least intensity for the Helan Mountain area. The drought in 1997 was centered in the Guiqing Mountain area, and appears to be the most extreme drought event over the length of reconstruction. Significant spectral peaks are identified at 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 3.2, 3.6, 42.7 and 53.8 years. Our reconstructed droughts are significantly correlated with sea surface temperature in the northern Indian Ocean, western equatorial Pacific Ocean, eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, Eastern China Sea and Sea of Japan. The linkages to the Indian and Pacific Oceans suggest the connection of regional moisture variations to the Asian monsoon circulations. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Functional dependence of cancellous bone shear properties on trabecular microstructure evaluated using time‐lapsed micro‐computed tomographic imaging and torsion testing
Authors: Nazarian Ara , Meier Diego , Müller Ralph , Snyder Brian D.
Published: July 2009

When compressed axially, cancellous bone often fails at an oblique angle along well‐defined bands, highlighting the importance of cancellous bone shear properties. Torsion testing to determine shear properties of cancellous bone has often been conducted under conditions appropriate only for axisymmetric specimens comprised of homogeneous and isotropic materials. However, most cancellous bone specimens do not meet these stringent test conditions. Therefore, we studied the application of the stepwise torsion testing system in biologic specimens with viscoelastic behavior. We explore the functional dependence of cancellous bone shear properties on trabecular microstructure and its spatial distribution, specifically the contribution of the subregion with the minimum polar moment of inertia to the overall failure properties. Torsional properties of whale trabecular specimens obtained by the incremental application of stepwise torque were not different from those obtained via continuous testing. Average polar moment of inertia accounted for 82 and 67% of the variation in shear modulus and shear stress, respectively. However, torsional properties were better predicted by the subregion with minimum polar moment of inertia, describing 87 and 74% of the variation in shear modulus and shear stress. The use of a novel torsion testing system for nonhomogeneous, orthotropic cancellous bone using stepwise application of torsion and simultaneous micro‐computed tomographic imaging was further studied. Most importantly, a heterogeneous cancellous bone microstructural environment, the subregion with the minimum polar moment of inertia, hence the weakest spatial distribution of bone, predicted the shear properties for the entire bone volume. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1667–1674, 2009
Effects of biosolids from tomato processing on soil fertility and wheat growth in a Greek alfisol
Authors: Samaras Vasilios , Tsadilas Christos D. , Stamatiadis Stamatis , Nortcliff Stephen
Published: July 2009

The effects of biosolids from tomato processing on soil properties and wheat growth were investigated in an Alfisol from central Greece. Biosolids were mixed with soil from the surface (Ap) or subsurface (Bt) horizon in plastic containers at rates of 1%, 5%, and 10% by dry weight (d.w.; equivalent to 10, 50, and 100 Mg ha–1). Biosolid treatments were compared to an NH4Cl application (50 mg N kg–1) and an untreated control in (1) a 102 d incubation experiment at 28°C to determine biosolid nitrification potential and (2) a 45 d outdoor experiment to evaluate effects on soil fertility and wheat growth. Mineralization of biosolids in the incubation experiment resulted in accumulation of nitrate‐N and indicated that biosolids were able to supply N that was in excess of crop needs in treatments of 5% and 10%. After 45 d of wheat growth, available soil nutrients (N, P) and P uptake by wheat were distinctly lower in the Bt than in the Ap horizon. However, soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, total N, nitrate‐N, extractable P, and exchangeable K increased with increasing rate of biosolid application in both soils. These were followed by corresponding increases in wheat nutrient uptake and biomass production, thus demonstrating the importance of this organic material for sustaining production in soils of low immediate fertility. Compared to the NH4Cl treatment (50 kg N ha–1 equivalent), biosolid application rates of 5% and 10% had higher available soil nutrients, similar or higher nutrient uptake and higher wheat biomass. But only an application of 10% biosolids provided sufficient N levels for wheat in the surface soil, and even higher applications were required for providing sufficient N and P in the Bt horizon.
Effects of weathering state of coarse‐soil fragments on tree‐seedling nutrient uptake
Authors: Koele Nina , Hildebrand Ernst E. , Schack‐Kirchner Helmer
Published: July 2009

Fine earth accumulated within the weathering fissures of the coarse‐soil fraction (particles > 2 mm), so called “stone‐protected fine earth”, can provide a high short‐term nutrient release by cation exchange. It is thus hypothesized that unweathered gneiss particles cannot provide plants with exchangeable‐cation nutrients and that biological weathering is needed to include silicate‐bound nutrients into biochemical cycles. In a microcosm experiment, ectomycorrhizal Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings were grown on either weathered or unweathered paragneiss coarse‐soil fragments under natural hydraulic and climatic boundary conditions. A nutrient solution containing N, P, and K was added, however Mg and Ca could only be taken up from the coarse‐soil substrate. Solutes in drainage were analyzed during the experiment; plant nutrient uptake was determined after the experiment ended. Solute dynamics depended on the weathering state of the substrates: unweathered gneiss showed high initial Mg and Ca fluxes that diminished strongly afterwards, whereas weathered gneiss showed a much more gradual and sustainable release of these cations. Patterns in dissolved organic C and sulfate drainage indicated that the internal pores of weathered gneiss fragments contained organic material most likely as a result of living spaces from microorganisms. Plant biomass did not differ between treatments, however Mg content was higher in seedlings grown on weathered gneiss. Nutrient budgets demonstrated that the “stonesphere” of weathered gneiss can act as a quasi‐constant nutrient source whereas unweathered gneiss only provided high initial nutrients fluxes. In nutrient‐depleted, acidified fine‐earth environments, the coarse‐soil fraction may therefore act as a retreat for nutrient‐adsorbing tissues and as a buffer for nutrient shortages.
Prediction model of lymph node metastasis in superficial esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell cancer including D2‐40 immunostaining
Authors: Gockel I. , Domeyer M. , Sgourakis G.G. , Schimanski C.C. , Moehler M. , Kirkpatrick C.J. , Lang H. , Junginger Th. , Hansen T.
Published: July 2009

Background

It was the aim of our study to establish a model for prediction of lymph node metastases in superficial esophageal cancer.

Methods

We analyzed the clinical and histopathological data of 50 consecutive patients with pT1‐esophageal cancer who underwent oncological resection. Submucosal carcinomas (pT1b) were classified according to sm levels 1–3. D2‐40 immunostaining was investigated using the ABC technique. In a first step, we performed univariate analysis (One‐way ANOVA: Sigma restricted parameterization; test of SS whole vs. SS predicted) to test the predictive value of the following categorical parameters for lymph node status (positive/negative): sex, histologic tumor type, localization, surgical technique (transhiatal/transthoracic), grading, pT1‐subclassification (pT1a, pT1b sm 1–3), pL‐, pV‐status, and D2‐40 labeling. Simple regression was applied for the following continuous predictors: age and tumor size. All significant variables of univariate analysis were included in the multivariate analysis. For this purpose, we used the General Liner Models's analysis (forward stepwise). In a third step, the Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc comparisons was intended to define the cut‐off value of parameters tested.

Results

Only the following variables gained statistical significance in univariate analysis: sex, histological tumor type, grading, pT1‐subclassification, lymphatic infiltration, microvascular infiltration, D2‐40 immunostaining, and tumor size (P < 0.05). Variables reaching significance in multivariate analysis were tumor size (P = 0.017) and pV‐status (P = 0.037). In the Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc comparisons, the cut‐off value of tumor size was 2 cm (model P = 0.002) and between the categories (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Lymph node positivity and lymphatic vessel infiltration did not linearly increase with sm tumor infiltration depth. The risk category of lymph node involvement in superficial esophageal cancer exists according to our prediction model on the basis of tumor size of >2 cm and microvascular infiltration. The hitherto common sm levels 1–3 classification of submucosal cancers appears to display a lesser impact than previously assumed with regard to prediction of potential lymph node metastases and consequently the indication for endoscopic or surgical therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:191–198. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of different approaches to segment information search behaviour of spring break travellers in the USA: experience, knowledge, involvement and specialisation concept
Authors: Park Sangwon , Kim Dae‐Young
Published: July 2009

The purpose of this research is to compare salient approaches for identifying the patterns of college students' information search behaviours while preparing for their spring break trips. Comparing four different prominent constructs (i.e. past experience, prior knowledge, involvement and a concept of specialisation combining those three variables), the results of the study indicate that involvement and the specialisation concept have more distinctive results than the others in terms of measurement of travellers' perceived usefulness of information sources and the importance of information content. In addition, the different groups assigned different priorities for usage of main information sources. As a result, involvement and the specialisation concept appear to provide more distinctive clarification for identifying the information search behaviours of spring break travellers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sialendoscopy‐based diagnosis and classification of parotid duct stenoses
Authors: Koch Michael , Iro Heinrich , Zenk Johannes
Published: July 2009

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To assess stenoses of Stensen's duct considering findings provided by sialendoscopy‐based direct visualization. A practical classification scheme based on different parameters is presented.

Methods:

Ultrasonography and sialendoscopy were used to diagnose and analyze symptomatic stenoses of the parotid gland excretory duct in 93 patients. Sialendoscopy was performed with semirigid endoscopes that enabled direct evaluation and classification of those stenoses in terms of tissue quality, luminal narrowing, extend, number, location, and in consideration of possible etiologic diseases or conditions.

Results:

A total of 111 stenoses were diagnosed in 93 patients. Three types could be distinguished. Stenoses were inflammation‐dominated with various narrowing of the lumen (type I) in 16.1% of patients, fibrous and web‐associated, predominant incomplete (luminal narrowing <50%, type II) in 18.3%, and fibrous, predominant high‐grade (luminal narrowing >50%, type III) in 66.6%. A length of more than 1 cm or diffuse involvement of the duct system was observed in 12.9% of cases. Together 70.1% of all stenoses were found in middle and distal regions of the duct. Multiple stenoses were found in 12.9% of patients, bilateral in 6.5%. Of all patients, 45.2% had diseases possibly implicated in the etiogenesis. Type III stenoses were associated with these comorbidities in up to 100%.

Conclusions:

Minimally invasive techniques play a central role in the diagnosis and treatment of Stensen's duct stenoses. Sialendoscopy is the diagnostic method of first choice. It enables an exact and direct classification of stenoses and provides additional information for planning effective treatment. Laryngoscope, 2009
Comparison among different available surgical approaches in T1 glottic cancer
Authors: Karatzanis Alexander D. , Psychogios George , Zenk Johannes , Waldfahrer Frank , Hornung Joachim , Velegrakis George A. , Iro Heinrich
Published: July 2009

Objectives/Hypothesis:

This study aims to assess the oncologic results of open and transoral surgical techniques in T1a and T1b category glottic carcinomas.

Study Design:

Retrospective clinical study.

Methods:

The files of 438 T1a and T1b glottic cancer cases managed with primary surgery were reviewed. Transoral laser surgery and open surgical procedures used to treat these cases, including cordectomy, vertical partial laryngectomy, and frontolateral partial laryngectomy, were compared for disease specific survival and local control rates. In addition, all techniques were compared for incidence of major complications and related tracheotomies.

Results:

No statistically significant differences were noted between laser surgery and open procedures with regard to disease specific survival and local control for both T1a and T1b cases. Laser surgery showed a significantly lower incidence of complications and tracheotomies.

Conclusions:

Laser surgery appears to be a very effective management modality for T1 glottic cancer with comparable results to open procedures and a lower incidence of complications. A transcervical approach should be reserved only for selected cases where individual anatomic factors do not permit complete tumor exposure during diagnostic microlaryngoscopy. Laryngoscope, 2009
Fiberoptic videolaryngoscopy during bicycle ergometry: A diagnostic tool for exercise‐induced vocal cord dysfunction
Authors: Tervonen Hanna , Niskanen Minna M. , Sovijärvi Anssi R. , Hakulinen Auli S. , Vilkman Erkki A. , Aaltonen Leena‐Maija
Published: July 2009

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Exercise‐induced vocal cord dysfunction is difficult to diagnose because the paradoxical vocal cord adduction should be observed during exercise. Our goal was to develop and validate a new diagnostic method for exercise‐induced vocal cord dysfunction by combining continuous fiberoptic laryngoscopy with a bicycle ergometry test.

Methods:

Thirty consecutive patients referred to a laryngologist because of suspicion of exercise‐induced vocal cord dysfunction and 15 healthy controls underwent the exercise test until dyspnea or exhaustion rated as 18–19/20 on the Borg scale. Laryngeal findings, electrocardiography, blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate were monitored, and forced expiratory flow in the first second was measured before and after the exercise. The medical history was assessed by use of a structured questionnaire.

Results:

Among the 30 patients, 27 (90%) performed the test successfully, as did all controls. Diagnostic signs of inspiratory stridor, supraglottic collapse, and vocal cord adduction appeared in five (19%) patients but in none of the controls. Of the 30 patients referred, the laryngologist considered 25 to be suspect. Of them, 9 (36%) showed signs diagnostic or highly suspect for exercise‐induced vocal cord dysfunction. Of the 15 patients whose dyspnea could be induced during the test, nine (60%) were suspected of having exercise‐induced vocal cord dysfunction.

Conclusions:

Fiberoptic videolaryngoscopy during bicycle ergometry was a well‐tolerated and relatively easily established diagnostic tool that could induce dyspnea in more than one half the patients examined. If the symptom of dyspnea appeared, the most frequent diagnosis was exercise‐ induced vocal cord dysfunction. Laryngoscope, 2009
Pertussis in adulthood
Authors: Poirrier Anne‐Lise , Gillard‐Tromme Noelle , Lefebvre Philippe P. , El‐Shazly Amr
Published: July 2009

Whooping cough is resurgent in the developed world. Systematic vaccination has changed its epidemiology, with the majority of cases now primarily affecting adolescents and adults. A 46‐year‐old male physiotherapist presented with a 1‐week history of bothersome cough and respiratory difficulties, and a 51‐year‐old man was admitted to the emergency department with a 4‐week history of increasing cough and dyspnea. Polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal swab were positive for Bordetella pertussis. These cases illustrate pertussis in adulthood. We review the clinical features, the prevalence, the diagnostic tools, and the management of the patients and their relatives to increase awareness of this highly contagious disease. Laryngoscope, 2009
Rhinovirus upregulates matrix metalloproteinase‐2, matrix metalloproteinase‐9, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in nasal polyp fibroblasts
Authors: Wang Jong Hwan , Kwon Hyun Ja , Jang Yong Ju
Published: July 2009

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been suggested to have an important role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps (NPs). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rhinovirus (RV) infection on the expression of MMPs, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1, and VEGF in NP fibroblasts.

Methods:

NP fibroblasts (5 × 105 cells/mL) obtained from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) were infected with RV serotype 16 (RV‐16) for 4 hours. The RV‐16 infection was confirmed by seminested reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and in situ hybridization. After 48 hours, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, and VEGF protein levels were measured from culture supernatants by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The changes in the expression of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, and VEGF mRNA were assayed by RT‐PCR.

Results:

RV‐16 infection significantly enhanced the gene and protein expressions of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and VEGF in NP fibroblasts, whereas TIMP‐1 expression was not significantly affected by RV‐16. MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and VEGF protein expression increased by 2.39‐, 2.99‐, and 3.02‐fold, respectively, in RV‐infected NP fibroblasts compared to noninfected controls. RV‐16 infection also significantly upregulated the expression of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and VEGF mRNA by 1.27‐, 1.70‐, and 1.53‐fold, respectively, compared to control levels.

Conclusions:

These in vitro findings suggest that RV infection may contribute to the pathogenesis of NP formation in patients with CRSwNP. Laryngoscope, 2009
Coprevalence and impact of dysphonia and hearing loss in the elderly
Authors: Cohen Seth M. , Turley Richard
Published: July 2009

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To determine the coprevalence of voice problems and hearing loss in the elderly, to assess whether hearing loss is a risk factor for dysphonia, and to evaluate the quality‐of‐life impact of dysphonia and hearing loss among the elderly.

Study Design:

Cross‐sectional study of independent living residents in two retirement communities.

Methods:

Main outcome measures include prevalence of dysphonia and hearing loss, Voice Related Quality of Life (VRQOL), Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly–Screening Version (HHIE‐S), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES‐D) scale. Relationships between continuous variables were analyzed with Spearman correlation, between categorical variables with chi‐square, and between categorical and continuous variable with analysis of variance (ANOVA) on ranks.

Results:

A total of 248 residents responded with a mean age of 82.4 years. Of those, 19.8% had dysphonia, 50.0% had hearing loss, and 10.5% had both. Respondents with hearing loss were more likely to have dysphonia than those without hearing loss (odds ratio = 2.31, 95% confidence interval, 1.19‐4.47). Worse VRQOL scores were associated with more impairment on the HHIE‐S (Spearman correlation = −0.36, P < .001). Respondents with both dysphonia and hearing loss had greater depression scores than those with neither symptom (median CES‐D score 13 vs. 8, P = .03, ANOVA on ranks, Dunn's method, P < .05).

Conclusions:

Voice problems and hearing loss are common in the elderly, adversely impact quality of life, and require simultaneous management. Laryngoscope, 2009
Value structures in a decoy and compromise effect experiment
Authors: Pechtl Hans
Published: July 2009

Two processes have been identified as governing decoy and compromise effects in decision making: The value shift process suggests that the decoy influences the cognitive evaluation of the target or the competitor in terms of their perceived attribute values. The value added process postulates that the decoy provides an increment in value for the target because the presence of the decoy helps justify the choice of the target over the competitor. Several theories for explaining such value shifts are analyzed and then tested in an experimental setting. The results are surprising and contradict traditional assumptions, since a negative value shift is established for the target relative to the competitor. Furthermore, there are clear indications that value shift and value added processes operate simultaneously and may compensate for one another. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Complaining: A function of attitude, personality, and situation
Authors: Thøgersen John , Juhl Hans Jørn , Poulsen Carsten Stig
Published: July 2009

The random nature of situations where an acquired product or service contains a defect or deficiency means that consumers usually have no experience of seeking redress (i.e., complaining), or their experience may be from totally different situations. Because of this, most people have not formed a clear attitude about how to behave in the specific situation and they may also be uncertain about social norms for proper behavior. Hence, their behavior is guided by more general traits and dispositions as well as by situation‐specific factors, which are bound to exert a relatively strong influence on behavior. This study confirms that the likelihood that consumers will complain over defects and deficiencies depends a lot on the situation and specifically on the size of the loss due to the defect and deficiency. However, some individuals refrain from complaining even in serious cases. This study shows that the propensity to complain depends on the person's attitude toward complaining and on personality traits (inclination to become dissatisfied). The two latter variables reinforce one another. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.