bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of the site of distant metastasis and of surgical interventions in metastatic gastric cancer: a population-based study
Authors: Li Yinghua , Xie Danna , Chen Xiaojing , Hu Teng , Lu Simin , Han Yunwei
Published: March 2020

Background: The studies on the prognostic significance of site-specific distant metastasis, multiple-site metastases, and the impact of surgery of the primary tumor and metastatic lesion on survival outcomes of patients with metastatic gastric cancer (GC) remain elusive. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of the site of distant metastasis among patients with metastatic GC. Furthermore, the effect of surgery of the primary tumor and metastatic lesion on the prognosis of metastatic GC was also analyzed.Methods: The data of 4,221 eligible patients, who were diagnosed with metastatic GC between 2010 and 2015, were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between potential prognostic factors, including the site of metastasis and surgery, and survival of patients with metastatic GC. Overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) were determined using the Kaplan-Meier survival curves and differences were assessed using the Log-rank test.Results: A total of 4,221 eligible GC patients with definite organ metastases were identified. Of these, 3312 GC patients had single-site metastasis while 909 patients had multiple-site metastases. GC Patients with single-site metastasis of liver or lung exhibited better CSS and OS compared to GC patients with bone metastasis. Furthermore, GC patients with liver metastasis were benefitted from surgery of both the primary and metastatic lesions, while GC patients with lung metastasis were benefited from surgery of metastasis resection only. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that GC patients with single-site metastasis, well-differentiated tumors, and GC patients who underwent surgery of the primary tumor and those who received chemotherapy exhibited favorable prognosis.Conclusions: The site of metastasis was an independent prognostic factor for metastatic GC. Surgery had survival benefits in certain cases of metastatic GC; however, further studies are warranted to clarify these benefits in carefully selected patients.
Psychometric Properties of the Critical Thinking Disposition Assessment Test Amongst Medical Students in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Cui Liyuan , Zhu Yaxin , Qu Jinglou , Tie Liming , Wang Ziqi , Qu Bo
Published: March 2020

Background: Critical thinking helps medical students and professionals overcome the effects of personal values and beliefs when exercising clinical judgment. The lack of effective instruments to measure critical thinking disposition in medical students has become an obstacle for training and evaluating students in undergraduate programs in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the CTDA test.Methods: A total of 278 students participated in this study and responded the CTDA test. Cronbach’s a coefficient, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, floor effects and ceiling effects were measured to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. Construct validity of the pre-specified three-domain structure of the CTDA was evaluated by the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The concurrent validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity were also analyzed.Results: Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the entire questionnaire was 0.923, all of the domains showed excellent internal consistency (0.814-0.861), and the test-retest reliability indicated acceptable intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) (0.710-0.795, p<0.01). The CFA demonstrated that the three-domain model fitted the data adequately. All dimensions were significantly correlated with the Self-assessment Scale on Active Learning and Critical Thinking (SSACT) and subscales (p<0.01), and the instrument showed satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity.Conclusions: The CTDA has acceptable psychometric characteristics and is a reliable and valid questionnaire to evaluate medical students’ disposition towards critical thinking in China. The CTDA could be applied in critical thinking programs and medical education research.
Relationship between level of empathy during residency training and perception of professionalism climate
Authors: Aziz Aliya B , Ali Syeda Kauser
Published: March 2020

Background

Empathy is one of the vital personality attributes for all physicians. It is essential for establishing genenal interpersonal relationships among doctors and patients.Unfortunately, there is evidence for the decline of physician’s empathy during the clinial training phase and is a major concern for medical educators worldwide. One of the major factors reported for the decline of this trait is an unprofessional learning environment.

Objective

This study examines the relationship between empathy level and perception of climate of professionalism among the residents.

Method

The study participants included residents of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics departments of a private sector tertiary care hospital. Two self-administered internet based surveys - Jefferson scale of Physician empathy (JSPE) and “professionalism climate instrument”(PCI) - were administered to assess the level of empathy among the participants and their perception of professionalism in the learning environment. The relationship between the level of empathy and professionalism was analyzed using Spearman rank correlation.

Results

The overall response rate was 81.4% with mean empathy level of 103±13. The internal consistency of each scale measured by Cronbach’s coefficient α was 0.76 for JSPE and 0.65 for PCI. No significant difference was observed in the mean empathy scores between senior and junior residents of both specialties. Statistically significant difference in empathy scores existed between female and male residents (p = 0.012; 95% CI, 2.27 to 17.59). The mean PCI score was 106 + 8.88 with no significant difference among residents of two specialties. Professionalism score was not found to vary with either the year of residency or gender. Empathy score and professionalism climate were not found to be correlated (r s = 0.56, p = 0.64).

Conclusion

The findings suggested that empathy is a relatively stable trait that remains unchanged during residency training programs. Female residents had higher empathic concern than the male trainees, however, the empathy level of the participants was not found to be influenced by the climate of professionalism.
Low Cost Simulator For Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation In Infants
Authors: Targino Ailton do Nascimento , Patricio Alan , de Oliveira Adriana Gonçalves , Echeimberg Jorge de Oliveira , de Abreu Luiz Carlos , Raimundo Rodrigo Daminello
Published: March 2020

Background The use of realistic simulation methodology is used in several learning scenarios, allowing students to participate directly in the problematization of situations that require immediate professional action. Objective Develop, enable and validate a low-cost simulator for cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedures in infants. Methods An experimental study with undergraduate students of the 1st year of the Nursing course at a higher education institution in the State of Paraíba, Brazil, developed a simulator model with dimensions similar to an infant with low cost materials and enabled the use as a prototype for training Basic Life Support. The prototype was developed with the accessories for stop chocking and cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire based on the American Hearth Association Basic Life Support guideline to enable and validate the Basic Life Support training instrument. Results The low-cost prototype for Basic Life Support training was used as an appropriate learning object and enabled the teaching-learning process as a low-cost resource accessible. Based on the questionnaire applied, we observed that there was an increase in the median number of correct answers and a reduction in the median of errors, which indicated an improvement in the acquisition of information and improvement in learning, observed through the Signal Sampling of Related Samples and the Wilcoxon Signal Test of hits (M A ) and errors (M E ), before and after training where it was found that there was an increase in M A and a reduction in M E with 5% significance (p <0.001). The frequencies of response modifications after training with the simulator were also studied by means of the two-tailed McNemar test where Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , Q 4 , Q 8 , Q 9 , Q 13 and Q 15 questions showed significant changes (p <0, 05). Conclusion It was developed a prototype that obtained its application in simulation of training activity in Basic Life Support, which made possible the accomplishment of the procedures in the proper way in positioning and simulation of cardiac resuscitation, mouth / nose ventilation and tapping in the scapular region, which allowed to validate stop chocking and resuscitation training as a low-cost alternative to health education.
Development and evaluation of an online education tool on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder for General Practitioners: the important contribution of co-production
Authors: French Blandine , Daley David , Perez-Vallejos Elvira , Sayal Kapil , Hall Charlotte
Published: March 2020

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is underdiagnosed in the UK and the assessment and diagnosis pathway often involves a general practitioner (GP) referral to secondary care services. GPs’ levels of knowledge and understanding about ADHD is often a significant barrier in patients accessing care. The development of an online education ressource could improve GPs knowledge of ADHD and optimise appropriate referrals. Involving end-users in co-creating interventions may enhance their clinical utility and impact in routine clinical practice. However, there is limited published evidence describing how to meaningfully involve stakeholders in both the design and development components of co-production.Method: We report a step wise, co-production approach towards developing an online ADHD education intervention for GPs. Preparatory work highlighted the relevant topics to be included in the intervention, from which educational videos were then developed. Workshops were then conducted with GPs, leading to further refinement of the video content and subsequently the final intervention. A pilot usability study (n=10 GPs) was then conducted to assess the intervention’s acceptability, feasibility and accessibility.Results: The development of the online intervention was greatly facilitated by the involvement of GPs. Having a co-production development process ensured the consistent adaptation of the intervention to meet GPs’ needs. The usability study showed that the content of the intervention was suitable, easily accessible, engaging and delivered at an acceptable level of intensity, validating the development approach taken.Conclusion: While further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of the developed intervention, preliminary findings demonstrated that it was acceptable and well received. The importance of co-development was highlighted in developing an intervention that addresses specific needs for GPs. This development approach may be useful for other researchers and developers of clinical interventions.
Long non-coding RNA HOXA-AS2 may serve as a new therapeutic target and promising prognostic market for most of cancers
Authors: Guo Qiang , Fang ShiXu , Gao WeiLong , Ke XiXian , Chen Cheng , Li Dan , Lu HongLing , Xu Gang
Published: March 2020

Backgroud: To elucidate the relationship between the expression level of HOXA-AS2 and it’s prognostic value of cancer by meta-analysis. Methods: Databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CNKI and some others were searched systematically. Comprehensively screen according to the inclusion criteria and the exclusion criteria was conducted. The connection between HOXA-AS2 and the prognosis characteristics of patients with various types of cancer was screened by combining odds ratio (OR), Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the studies collected in this meta-analysis. In addition, we further analyzed the expression of the gene and its potential clinical value in Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and the lnCAR database. Results: A total of 12 studies consisting 796 patients were included in this research. Compared low HOXA-AS2 expression group, patients with high HOXA-AS2 expression were more likely to get poor overall survival (OS). Moreover, high HOXA-AS2 expression demonstrates advanced TNM stage, earlier lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and bigger tumor size. But there was no correlation or the correlation was not statistically significant between the expression and the age, sex or the pathological differentiation. In addition, data from the GEPIA and LnCAR databases revealed that increasing HOXA-AS2 expression means bad prognosis in most of cancers. Conclusions: High HOXA-AS2 expression shows worse cancer prognosis in cancer patients, and HOXA-AS2 may be acted as therapeutic target and promising prognostic marker.
Farklı İklim Bölgelerindeki Seralarda Evaporatif Soğutma Olanaklarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: BAYTORUN A. Nafi , MAKAUY Abbas Mahamed Abdalla
Published: March 2020

Seralarda yetiştirilen bitkiler 17-27 °C’ye adapte olmuşlardır. Günlük ortalama sıcaklığın 22 °C’nin üstüne yükselmesi durumunda seralarda soğutma önlemlerinin alınması zorunludur. Seralarda yapılan evaporatif soğutmanın etkinliği dış iklim koşullarına ve sistemin randımanına bağlı olarak değişmektedir.

Seralarda yapılan evaporatif soğutma duyulur ısının gizli ısıya transferi ile havanın soğutulması esasına dayanır. Havaya eklenen su, havanın tüm fiziksel özelliklerinin değişmesine neden olmaktadır. Oluşan havanın yeni özellikleri psikrometrik eşitliklerden gidilerek belirlenmelidir.

Yapılan bu çalışmada Türkiye’de seracılığın yoğun olarak yapıldığı farklı iklim bölgelerindeki yüksek teknolojiye sahip seralarda yapılacak evaporatif soğutma ile bölge iklimine ve kullanılan pedlerin randımanlarına bağlı olarak ulaşılabilen sıcaklık değerleri teorik olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Elde edilen sonuçlardan Adana iklim koşullarında %90 ped randımanında bile serada sıcaklığın 27 °C’ye çekilemediği, Mersin’de %90, Şanlıurfa’da %70 ped randımanının yeterli olabileceği, Afyonkarahisar koşullarında evaporatif soğutma yerine, serada öğlen saatlerinde çok kısa aralıklarla suyun yüksek basınçla püskürtülmesi ile sıcaklığın bitkilerin arzuladıkları değerlerde tutulabileceği belirlenmiştir.
Monitoring and forecasting water consumption and detecting leakage using an IoT system
Authors: Gautam Jyoti , Chakrabarti Amlan , Agarwal Shruti , Singh Anushka , Gupta Shweta , Singh Jatin
Published: March 2020

Water is an important resource for life and its existence and, unfortunately, large quantities of water are being wasted on a daily basis. Monitoring the consumption of water can control water usage, and smart technologies can play a useful role. In this paper, a smart system based on Internet of Things (IoT) has been proposed to monitor the water consumption in an urban housing complex. An ultrasonic sensor, together with Arduino, continuously monitors the water level of water tanks on rooftops and sends these data to a server through a Wi-Fi module. Using the data collected from the IoT system, the daily and weekly average water requirement of households can be calculated. Support vector machines (SVM) are used to forecast water consumption. The observed readings are divided into training and testing datasets. Water consumption is predicted for each day for a user. Error is recorded as the difference between the actual consumption and the predicted value, and it decreases as the number of days increase. An algorithm to monitor leakage of water in the tanks has also been proposed. A web interface allows the user to visualize the water usage, monitor their consumption, and detect any leakage and leakage rate in the system.
ENACTING LEVINAS’S INFINITE RESPONSIBILITY AS AN ETHICO-POLITICAL COMPROMISE
Authors: Andrade Julio A.
Published: March 2020

Levinas’s work does not offer us an ethical theory but seeks rather to describe a pre-originary ethical encounter with the other. Within this face-to-face encounter with the other, my subjectivity is held hostage because of an originary asymmetry between us. This ethical asymmetry produces an infinite responsibility to and for the other, in order that the singularity of the other be preserved. In order to moderate such a demanding position Levinas introduces the third party who restores justice by permitting ethical calculation. This marks a move from ethics to politics. Nonetheless, there remains a lacuna between ethics and politics. I argue for a reading of Levinas’s claim that the third party is an incessant correction of the asymmetry of proximity in order to posit infinite responsibility as the compromise of ethics with politics. I discuss some implications for business ethics, in particular CSR, in light of these findings.
COMPROMISE AND/OR INTEGRITY? SOME NORMATIVE REMARKS
Authors: Magni Beatrice
Published: March 2020

In a compromise parties make a strategic calculation that a sacrifice of some their commitments is the best tactic to advance their other values and interests over their current positions. But if we try to figure a compromise as a way to get to agreements that can minimize harm and promote mutual respect between individuals, and could increase the level of cooperation between them, we can consider a compromise shaped in that way as an agreement that can translate at its best some of the individual’s deliberative ideals, as fairness and mutual respect. This kind of compromise will be different from simple negotiation, and more demanding to each one of the parties. It will require first and foremost a reciprocal recognition of moral fairness. But can we ever compromise on matters of ethical principle without compromising our integrity?
THE INFLUENCE OF TAX EDUCATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION ON TAX KNOWLEDGE AND ITS EFFECT ON PERSONAL TAX COMPLIANCE
Authors: Kurniawan Dedi
Published: March 2020

Introduction: This study has 3 (three) objectives. First, to analyze whether tax education in higher education influences individual tax compliance through increased tax knowledge. Second, to explore the implementation of tax education in universities. Third, to identify cooperation carried out by universities and the Directorate General of Taxation in order to improve individual tax compliance. The research method used in this study is a mixed-method. Background Problems: In previous studies educational variables measured from the level of education of respondents (diploma, undergraduate, and postgraduate) not on the application of courses in tertiary institutions so that it does not reflect that respondents received tax education.Research Method: The approach used in this mixed-method is a convergent parallel. In a parallel convergent approach, the author collects each quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously, then the data are analyzed. Findings/Results: The results of a survey of 100 regular night class students in Politeknik Negeri Batam (Polibatam) who have fulfilled the requirements as taxpayers indicate that tax education has a significant effect on tax compliance. Then, the indirect effect of tax education through tax knowledge also significantly influences tax compliance. The results of quantitative research are also supported by the results of interviews with two students, two tax lecturers, and one employee of the Directorate General of Taxes. Conclusion: The results of this study are also in line with the social learning theory, where the environment influences cognition and behavior. From the theory, it can be concluded that tax education can increase tax knowledge and influence taxpayers’ compliance behavior.
Positive and Negative Economic Freedom
Authors: Gould James
Published: March 2020

Uno de los debates más singulares en la literatura reciente sobre filosofía social se refiere al hecho de que exista un fenómeno tal como la “libertad económica”. Al examinar el concepto anterior en varios autores, uno encuentra, por una parte, que algunos escritores arguyen que existe la experiencia de la libertad cuando una persona obra con los medios económicos que lo posibilitan para obtener los objetos de su elección, o que existe la experiencia de la libertad cuando uno tiene la posibilidad de llevar a cabo sus elecciones económicas. Por otra parte, algunos autores, tales como Isaiah Berlin, de Jouvenel y Joel Feinberg, niegan que exista tal tipo de libertad. Ellos creen que la libertad es esencialmente —si no completamente— libertad ante la violencia o la coerción. El propósito de este artículo es mostrar que el primer grupo está en lo correcto.

Berlin proporciona tres argumentos sobre los que basa su rechazo. El primero es que gramaticalmente es incorrecto usar la frase “libertad económica”. El segundo es que la creencia sobre si hay, o no, libertad económica depende de la teoría económica que se sustenta. El tercero es que uno no debe confundir la libertad con las condiciones para la libertad. Se muestra que todos estos objetivos son inadecuados y se presenta una mejor teoría. En consecuencia, debemos desechar la creencia usual en el Occidente de que la libertad es sólo una cuestión negativa, en especial la libertad política y económica. El hacer esto es defender el status quo.

[J.A.G.]
E.D. Klemke (ed.), The Meaning of Life
Authors: Villanueva Enrique
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Ernest Mally, Logische Schriften (Grosses Logik fragment-Grundgesetze des Sollens)
Authors: Vernengo Roberto J.
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Ludwig Wittgenstein, Notebooks 1914-16
Authors: Villanueva Enrique
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Presentación
Authors: Orayen Raúl
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Jerrold Katz, The Metaphysics of Meaning
Authors: Valdivia Lourdes
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Palabras de Alejandro Rossi y Alberto Moretti
Authors: Rossi Alejandro , Moretti Alberto
Published: March 2020

Resumen
From Moral Realism to Moral Relativism in One Easy Step
Authors: Horgan Terry , Timmons Mark
Published: March 2020

En años recientes, las defensas del realismo moral han adoptado lo que llamamos la “semántica moral de la nueva ola”, la cual analiza las formas semánticas de funcionar de los términos morales tales como “bueno” y “correcto” semejantes a las formas semánticas de funcionar de los términos para clases naturales en la ciencia, y se inspira también en temas funcionalistas de la filosofía de la mente. Este tipo de perspectiva semántica que encontramos en las perspectivas metaéticas de David Brink, Richard Boyd, Peter Railton y otros, es el cimiento semántico crucial de una clase naturalística de realismo moral que estos filósofos apoyan —una perspectiva que promete dar una forma fuerte de realismo moral. Nosotros sostenemos que la semántica moral de la nueva ola nos conduce, de una u otra forma, al relativismo moral —una perspectiva que no es compatible con el tipo de realismo moral que estos filósofos pretenden defender. Es así que nuestra discusión muestra que si la semántica moral de la nueva ola es la mejor esperanza para defender el realismo moral naturalístico, entonces este tipo de perspectiva es insostenible. Nuestro trabajo está dividido en 7 secciones además de una conclusión. En la sección 1, explicamos la motivación que hay detrás de la semántica moral de la nueva ola. En la sección 2, pasamos al trabajo de Brink y Boyd cuyas perspectivas combinadas producen una perspectiva metaética, según la cual los términos morales como “bueno” y “correcto” quieren referir rígidamente a las propiedades funcionales de segundo orden cuya esencia funcional la revela cualquier teoría moral que surge de la aplicación correcta de la metodología coherentista. La perspectiva Brink- Boyd toma como modelo al psicofuncionalismo de la filosofía de la mente para entender las propiedades morales. En la sección 3, diferenciamos las diferentes formas del relativismo, arguyendo que ciertas formas son culpables de chauvinismo, y luego, en la sección 4, sostenemos que el psicofuncionalismo de la filosofía de la mente es culpable de una forma chauvinista de relativismo conceptual. En la sección 5, mostramos entonces cómo la versión Brink-Boyd de la semántica moral de la nueva ola también es culpable de un relativismo conceptual chauvinista en la ética. En la sección 6, pasamos a la propuesta de Railton (inspirada por la versión de la teoría de identidad psicofísica defendida por D.M. Armstrong y David Lewis) de que hay que comprender los términos morales en tanto que refieren no-rígidamente a las propiedades naturales. En la sección 7, sostenemos que en una interpretación de la propuesta de Railton, su perspectiva es culpable de un relativismo conceptual chauvinista, y en una interpretación alternativa, su perspectiva es culpable de una indeterminación moral radical. Ambos modos, tanto la perspectiva de Railton como la perspectiva de Brink-Boyd, no ayudan en la defensa de una forma fuerte de realismo moral: irónicamente, la semántica moral de la nueva ola nos conduce a un relativismo moral. [Traducción: Claudia Chávez A.]
The Deflation of Belief Contents
Authors: Stainton Robert J.
Published: March 2020

Recientemente, Stephen Schiffer ha propuesto una explicación “deflacionaria” de los contenidos de creencias. En un artículo por aparecer, Alex Barber presenta una implementación específica de las ideas de Schiffer. En este artículo expongo la posición de Barber y presento dos problemas: el primero, que no puede dar cuenta del ‘dominio’ que un sujeto puede tener sobre un concepto (en oposición a ‘poseerlo’ meramente); y el segundo de que, ‘pace’ Barber, su estrategia deflacionaria específica requiere en última instancia una noción bastante robusta de los constituyentes de una proposición. [Traducción: Maite Ezcurdia]
Causación, producción y función
Authors: Miguel Hernán , Paruelo Jorge
Published: March 2020

Despite repeated attempts, event causation has not been successfully explicated. Two views are possible: that an adequate explication must still be found, or that no causation relation exists, and no explication is due. David Lewis suggests that causation is a natural relation betwen the causally connected events. Eduardo Flichman, instead, considers that the relation is not a natural one: whenever causation is attributed, an anthropomorphic production relation is projected on the events. Here we present counterexamples to both proposals, and suggest a modification of the second that avoids the counterexamples, taking into account another anthropomorphic projected relation: the functional relation. We also try to characterize this notion of function. We agree with Flichman in considering that anthropomorphic relations and hence also causation do not exist in the fields covered by the natural sciences. Finally, we consider the question whether Lewis’s causation and nomologic connection are necessary conditions for cases in which there is talk of causation. 90
Some Remarks on McGinn and the Meaning Sceptic
Authors: Summerton Rupert
Published: March 2020

Como muchos otros comentadores, tomo los argumentos del escéptico del significado de Kripke para plantear un reto extraordinario al proyecto de tratar de explicar o dar cuenta de una intencionalidad o un significado en términos no intencionales o no semánticos. Colin McGinn ha conjeturado que una “explicación causal” de la referencia de los nombres propios (aproximadamente del tipo del primer bosquejo que el mismo Kripke presenta en El nombrar y la necesidad) puede evadir la paradoja del escéptico del significado y así dar cuenta, en términos no intencionales, de en qué consiste la referencia. En este trabajo argumento que el tipo de “explicación causal” que McGinn concibe no puede evadir el argumento del escéptico del significado. [Traducción: Claudia Chávez A.]
Andoni Ibarra y Thomas Mormann, Representaciones en la ciencia: de la invariancia estructural a la significatividad pragmática
Authors: Vila del Palacio Alfonso Á
Published: March 2020

Andoni Ibarra y Thomas Mormann, Representaciones en la ciencia: de la invariancia estructural a la significatividad pragmática
Lawrence Becker, A New Stoicism
Authors: Salles Ricardo
Published: March 2020

Lawrence Becker, A New Stoicism
Ana Rosa Pérez Ransanz, Kuhn y el cambio científico
Authors: Olivé León
Published: March 2020

Ana Rosa Pérez Ransanz, Kuhn y el cambio científico
Historia y combinatoria de las representaciones científicas. Comentarios a la propuesta de Ibarra y Mormann
Authors: Martínez Sergio F.
Published: March 2020

En este texto se examina críticamente la teoría combinatoria de las representaciones científicas de Andoni Ibarra y Thomas Mormann. El núcleo de la crítica va dirigido a mostrar que una serie de estudios sobre la ciencia, que ellos mismos mencionan, sugiere que la clasificación en tipos de representaciones propuesta es problemática. Es más, esos mismos estudios muestran que por lo menos muchas representaciones tienen una dimensión histórica que parece imposible capturar por medio del tipo de formalismo propuesto.
What Is Implicit?
Authors: Helgesson Gert
Published: March 2020

This paper briefly surveys previous analyses of implicitness and proposes a new, two-dimensional account. The first dimension concerns whether an assumption follows or not in terms of analytical or contextual implications or because it is a reasonable interpretation. The second dimension concerns the intentions of the author. Both dimensions are needed for identifying implicit assumptions in critical analyses of texts. A definition of clear cases of implicit assumptions is given.
C.J. Hookway, Truth, Rationality and Pragmatism. Themes from Peirce
Authors: Esteban J. Miguel
Published: March 2020

C.J. Hookway, Truth, Rationality and Pragmatism. Themes from Peirce
Reasoning about Non-Actual Possibilities. Problems with the Douven-Putnam Model-Theoretic Argument against Metaphysical Realism
Authors: Pérez Otero Manuel
Published: March 2020

Igor Douven has offered an original reconstruction and defence of Putnam's model-theoretic argument against metaphysical realism. Douven's construal has notable exegetical virtues, since it makes sense of some assumptions in Putnam's argument which his opponents have considered question-begging or puzzling. In this article I provide an indirect defence of metaphysical realism, by showing why this new version of the anti-realist argument should also be rejected. The main problems in the Douven-Putnam argument come from ascribing to the realist a distorted view of correspondence truth. The view entails that when no feature selects just one of all the possible interpretations of language (the relations of reference between the terms and the world) the existence of an interpretation suffices to make true a (consistent) theory. The sensible realist is not committed to this extreme conception of correspondence truth.
A Structural Characterization of Extended Correctness-Completeness in Classical Logic
Authors: Amor José Alfredo
Published: March 2020

In this paper I deal with first order logic and axiomatic systems. I present the metalogical results that show the property of satisfying Modus Ponens as a necessary and sufficient condition for the extended completeness of the system, and to the Deduction Metatheorem as a necessary and sufficient condition for the extended correctness of the system. Both supposing that the system satisfies the corresponding restricted properties. These results show that the choice of that rule of inference and of that metatheorem, for any particular axiomatic system, are not a matter of personal liking or of practical convenience, but they play a fundamental role for the extended correctness-completeness properties of the axiomatic system. As a matter of fact, they can be considered as structural properties that characterize the fulfilling of the Extended Correctness and Completeness theorem for the axiomatic system.
La prioridad de la sustancia en la primera metafísica de Aristóteles
Authors: Mié Fabian G.
Published: March 2020

Parte de las diferencias entre los dos modelos ontológicos de Aristóteles, o sea, el de Categorías y el de Metafísica VII-IX, coincide con el desarrollo de una fundamentación de ciertos conceptos operativos. Uno de ellos es el de 'prioridad' en la noción de sustancia primera. Tras formalizar laxamente las distintas significaciones de 'prioridad' intento demostrar que esa ausencia de fundamentación está relacionada con los límites del primer esencialismo aristotélico y con un problema que domina la relación objeto-atributo. Explico este problema que hay en la fundamentación de la 'inherencia' como dependiente de la pervivencia en la primera metafísica del modelo platónico para la relación entre universales e individuos, es decir, como un problema en la justificación de los términos sortales en función identificadora. Sugiero finalmente que la transición al segundo modelo ontológico se realiza cuando se aclaran las condiciones de posibilidad de la identificación de objetos.
Blockage Cases: No Case against PAP
Authors: Moya Espí Carlos J.
Published: March 2020

According to the Principle of Alternative Possibilities (PAP), an agent is morally responsible for something she has done only if she could have done otherwise. Harry Frankfurt held that PAP was false on the basis of examples ("Frankfurt cases") in which a counterfactual, and unactivated, device ensures that the agent will decide and do what she actually decides and does on her own, if she shows some sign that she is going to decide and do something else. Problems with these cases have led some thinkers to design examples in which the counterfactual factor is replaced by a device that actually blocks alternative possibilities. I argue that, even if these cases did not illicitly assume determinism, they are not successful against PAP anyway, for they violate a plausible condition on moral responsibility that Fischer has called "reasons-responsiveness".
The Notion of Politics in Marx's Early Writings
Authors: Schettino Humberto
Published: March 2020

This paper deals mainly with Marx's conception of politics. My contention is that in Marx's works two basic and opposed conceptions of politics coexist. On the one hand we find a negative, instrumental and realist conception that sees politics as nothing but domination of one class over another and the State as the main instrument of that domination. On the other, we find a positive conception that understands politics as community self-rule. I trace the conceptual origins of these two conceptions to three basic concepts: "alienation", "emancipation" and "species-being". These notions provide the foundations of Marx's conception of politics and enable us to understand its shortcomings. It is basically a contradictory and utopian conception which seriously disregards both the positive traits of actual politics and individual freedoms.
Reply to Ezcurdia and Gómez-Torrente
Authors: Soames Scott
Published: March 2020

Contra Ezcurdia, it is argued that my thesis —that substitution of coreferential names or indexicals in attitude ascriptions preserves truth values of propositions semantically expressed, although it often changes truth values of propositions asserted— is compatible with the fact that belief ascriptions play important explanatory roles. Contra Gómez-Torrente, it is argued that although single-word natural kind terms are rigid in Kripke's original sense, natural kind predicates containing them are neither rigid nor obstinately essential —in the sense of applying to the same individuals in every possible world-state, whether those individuals exist at the world-state or not.
Mysteries and Scandals. Transcendental Naturalism and the Future of Philosophy
Authors: Pérez Diana I.
Published: March 2020

In this paper I shall discuss McGinn's transcendental naturalism (TN) and the reasons he gives in order to show that philosophy will always be just a cluster of mysteries without answers. I shall show that the three main arguments he gives for TN are inconclusive and that a modular architecture of the mind he presupposes is not committed to the epistemic thesis of TN, the idea that we are "cognitively closed" to answering some questions about consciousness, meaning, knowledge and the like.
Miguel Espinoza y Roberto Torretti, Pensar la ciencia. Estudios críticos sobre obras filosóficas (1950--2000)
Authors: Ramírez Sánchez Sandra Lucía
Published: March 2020

Miguel Espinoza y Roberto Torretti, Pensar la ciencia. Estudios críticos sobre obras filosóficas (1950--2000)
Recanati on the Semantics/Pragmatics Distinction
Authors: García-Carpintero Manuel
Published: March 2020

One of the hottest philosophical debates in recent years concerns the nature of the semantics/pragmatics divide. Some writers have expressed the reserve that this might be merely terminological, but in my view it ultimately concerns a substantive issue with empirical implications: the scope and limits of a serious scientific undertaking, formal semantics. In this critical note I discuss two arguments by Recanati: his main methodological argument —viz. that the contents posited by what he calls ‘literalists’ (which are, on my own view, the very same ones that theoreticians in the formal semantics tradition seek to characterize) play no relevant role in communication—, and some phenomenological considerations regarding the “Availability Principle” that he appeals to in order to buttress that main argument.
Frege’s Hidden Assumption
Authors: Slater Hartley
Published: March 2020

This paper is concerned with locating the specific assumption that led Frege into Russell’s Paradox. His understanding of reflexive pronouns was weak, for one thing, but also, by assimilating concepts to functions he was misled into thinking one could invariably replace a two-place relation with a one-place property.
Marcelo Dascal, Interpretation and Understanding
Authors: Blanco Salgueiro Antonio
Published: March 2020

Marcelo Dascal, Interpretation and Understanding
C. Ulises Moulines, La Philosophie des sciences. L’invention d’une discipline (fin XIXe–début XXIe siècle)
Authors: De Donato Rodríguez Xavier
Published: March 2020

C. Ulises Moulines, La Philosophie des sciences. L’invention d’une discipline (fin XIXe–début XXIe siècle)
The Chief Supreme Court Justice: A Metaphysical Puzzle?
Authors: López de Sa Dan
Published: March 2020

What are things like the Supreme Court? Gabriel Uzquiano has defended that they are groups, entities which are somehow composed of members (at certain times) but which, unlike sets (or pluralities), allow for fluctuation in membership. The main alternative holds that ‘the Supreme Court’ refers (at any time) to the set (or plurality) of their members (at the time). Uzquiano motivates his view by posing a metaphysical puzzle for this reductive alternative. I argue that a parallel reasoning would also find a corresponding “puzzle” in the case of singular terms like ‘The Chief Supreme Court Justice’.
Ingmar Persson, The Retreat of Reason: A Dilemma in the Philosophy of Life
Authors: Horta Oscar
Published: March 2020

Ingmar Persson, The Retreat of Reason: A Dilemma in the Philosophy of Life, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005, 494 pp.
Patrones inferenciales
Authors: Barceló Aspeitia Axel Arturo
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es proponer un método de traducción de tablas de verdad a reglas de inferencia, para la lógica proposicional, que sea tan directo como el tradicional método inverso(de reglas a tablas). Este método,además, permitirá resolver de manera elegante el viejo problema, formulado originalmente por Prior en1 960, dedeterminar qué reglas de inferencia definen un conectivo.
Sistematización del descubrimiento y la explicación: la elaboración de una lógica abductiva
Authors: Fernández Ángel Nepomuceno
Published: March 2020

Atocha Aliseda, Abductive Reasoning. Logical Investigations into Discovery and Explanation, Springer, Dordrecht, 2006 (Synthese Library, 330), xvi + 225 pp.
Conceptos fenoménicos, conceptos psicológicos y la explicación de la conciencia
Authors: Pérez Diana I.
Published: March 2020

Peter Carruthers, Consciousness. Essays from a Higher-Order Perspective, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005, 247 pp.
William C. Wimsatt, Re-Engineering Philosophy for Limited Beings. Piecewise Approximations to Reality
Authors: Martínez Bohórquez Maximiliano
Published: March 2020

William C. Wimsatt, Re-Engineering Philosophy for Limited Beings. Piecewise Approximations to Reality, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 2007, 466 pp.
Respuesta a “¿Por qué una palabra significa lo que significa?” de Axel Barceló
Authors: Mota Pinto Sílvio
Published: March 2020

Dos de las respuestas a la pregunta sobre la naturaleza de la comprensión lingüística —el comunitarismo y el interpretativismo—, las cuales discuto ampliamente en Escepticismo del significado y teorías de conceptos, son objeto de la crítica de Axel Barceló en su comentario al libro. En esta réplica respondo a sus objeciones mostrando que la concepción comunitarista de la comprensión de palabras está en condiciones de distinguir entre una comprensión divergente y la no comprensión, y que el enfoque interpretativista no exige el conocimiento previo de las intenciones comunicativas del hablante para dar cuenta de la fijación interpretativa de su comprensión lingüística.
Pablo Pavesi, La moral metafísica. Pasión y virtud en Descartes
Authors: Benítez Laura
Published: March 2020

Pablo Pavesi, La moral metafísica. Pasión y virtud en Descartes, Prometeo Libros, Buenos Aires, 2008, 278 pp.
Preparation and properties of hydrogen peroxide oxidized starch for industrial use
Authors: Karic Natasa , Rusmirovic Jelena , Djolic Maja , Kovacevic Tihomir , Pecic Ljiljana , Radovanovic Zeljko , Marinkovic Aleksandar
Published: March 2020

Oxidized starch, an additive used in paper manufacturing and products for
construction industry, is usually produced using harmful oxidant, such as
hypochlorites or periodates. In this study, a simple and efficient
eco-friendly laboratory and industrial procedures for starch oxidation were
developed. The procedure involves application of small amounts of more
environmentally friendly oxidant, hydrogen peroxide, a novel special metal
complex catalyst such as copper(II) citrate and copper(II) ricinoleate and
biobased plasticizers. Optimization procedure, with respect to the quantity
of hydrogen peroxide and temperature in the presence of iron(II) sulphate
catalyst, was performed by using the response surface methodology.
Compa-rative analysis of the use of the other catalysts that is copper(II)
sulphate, copper(II) citrate and copper(II) ricinoleate, indicated
copper(II) citrate as the catalyst of choice. Improvement of starch is
achieved using three plasticizers: ricinoleic acid (RA), diisopropyl
tartarate, as well as epoxidized soybean, linseed and sunflower oils. The
effects of hydrogen peroxide and catalyst concentrations, as well as the
reaction temperature in the presence of naturally based plasticizers on the
physicochemical, thermal and morphological properties of oxidized starch are
presented. According to the results obtained in initial experiments, the
optimal industrial process is based on the use of copper(II) citrate (0.1 %)
as a catalyst and RA (3 %) as a plasticizer.
Pseudo-tragica Prodromea: The shadow of pathos over the glitter of the Byzantine secular literature
Authors: Popovic Dusan
Published: March 2020

By analyzing primarily the sources for the 1st through the 3rd books of the
verse novel Rhodanthe and Dosicles by Theodore Prodromos the author of the
paper attempts to point out an enormous influence exerted by the Euripidean
drama on the emergence of motifs, common-places and tropes in this novel, as
well as to emphasize, on the one hand, in which mesure these
drama-components are consistent with the logical structure of a different
literary genre, and on the other, how much they represent a ballast and a
purely erudite ornament for the novelist, intended exclusively for the
achievement of pathos.
The letter to Anna Palaiologina of Gregory Palamas (with the edition of the Serbian Church Slavonic translation from codex 41 of the Monastery of the holy trinity of Pljevlja)
Authors: Knezevic Mikonja , Stojanovic Jelica
Published: March 2020

The hesychast controversy was closely entwined with the political
circumstances in the Eastern Roman Empire. This especially holds true for
the so-called second phase of the controversy, which took place at the times
of Civil War (1341-1347). A complex conflict between Gregory Palamas and
Gregory Akindynos, in which Empress Anna of Savoy was personally involved,
was finally resolved by the condemnation of the latter. At one point, in
order to get better acquainted with theological issues that were at stake,
the Empress asked for the opinion of the main protagonists of the dispute.
Gregory Palamas expressed his views in the form of a short letter, in which
he seeks to defend himself from the accusation of ?ditheism? and to show
that his distinction between essence and energies in God is actually in
accordance with patristic tradition. This paper includes historical,
theological and philological analysis of Palamas?s Letter to Anna
Palaiologina, with a special reference to the until now unknown Serbian
Church Slavonic transcript found in Codex 41 of the Monastery of the Holy
Trinity of Pljevlja. This text, accompanied by the Greek original and its
translation into Modern Serbian, is given at the end of the paper. A
comparative analysis shows that there are certain differences between
Serbian Church Slavonic translation and the Greek original, which are
probably the consequence of the fact that Serbian medieval translator might
have had a slightly different source text than the one we use today.
A woman’s graffito drawing from Hagia Sophia, Constantinople
Authors: Savova Christina , Tomov Thomas
Published: March 2020

This paper sheds light on the graffito-drawing from Hagia Sophia. It mainly
discussed the possibility that the graffito presented a Western medieval
woman donating a chalice. It is also very probable that the graffito was a
work of the 15th century, produced by a anonymous skilled author, who must
have been familiar with the woman?s fashion of his time.
Amylin/Calcitonin Receptor–Mediated Signaling in POMC Neurons Influences Energy Balance and Locomotor Activity in Chow-Fed Male Mice
Authors: Coester Bernd , Koester-Hegmann Christina , Lutz Thomas A. , Le Foll Christelle
Published: March 2020

Amylin, a pancreatic hormone and neuropeptide, acts principally in the hindbrain to decrease food intake and has recently been shown to act as a neurotrophic factor to control the development of area postrema → nucleus of the solitary tract and arcuate hypothalamic nucleus → paraventricular nucleus axonal fiber outgrowth. Amylin is also able to activate ERK signaling specifically in POMC neurons independently of leptin. For investigation of the physiological role of amylin signaling in POMC neurons, the core component of the amylin receptor, calcitonin receptor (CTR), was depleted from POMC neurons using an inducible mouse model. The loss of CTR in POMC neurons leads to increased body weight gain, increased adiposity, and glucose intolerance in male knockout mice, characterized by decreased energy expenditure (EE) and decreased expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, a decreased spontaneous locomotor activity and absent thermogenic reaction to the application of the amylin receptor agonist were observed in male and female mice. Together, these results show a significant physiological impact of amylin/calcitonin signaling in CTR-POMC neurons on energy metabolism and demonstrate the need for sex-specific approaches in obesity research and potentially treatment.