bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen as a Rail Mass Transit Fuel
Authors: A. Lloyd Stephen , L.B.D. Lloyd Luke , Atteridge W.J.
Published: September 2021

There is a continually growing need for mass transport and along with customer desire for greater comfort and speed, its consumption of energy will grow faster still. The fiscal cost of energy plus global warming has spurred efficiency improvement and thoughts now concentrate on fuels. In the UK for major lines for trains, this is electricity generated in a benign fashion in large facilities nominally remote from the train and track. Electric trains tend to be lighter, hence more efficient and demand less maintenance than their diesel counterpart. Similar arguments, including pollution emissions apply to city mass transit systems. For medium density and lower density routes, whether fuel cells or the next generation of IC or GT engines are employed, hydrogen is a prime energy candidate and here we examine its feed, production, distribution, and application, including generator location. Hydrogen from steam hydrocarbon reformers have even been installed in ships. Other countries have similar desires to those of the UK, including Saudi Arabia, but their problems are different and outline examples from Australia and Saudi Arabia are included.
The Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Multidisciplinary Treatment of Patients with Rectal Cancer
Authors: Hălmaciu Ioana , Suciu Bogdan Andrei , Russu Cristian , Olimpiu Butiurcă Vlad , Bacalbașa Nicolae , Patricia Maria Luminița Simu , Cosmin Nicolescu , Molnar Călin
Published: September 2021

Rectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in both men and women. In recent years, the importance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has greatly increased in the multidisciplinary treatment of patients with rectal cancer. MRI has a particularly important role in the most accurate preoperative staging of these patients, both in terms of assessing the local invasion of the tumor and in terms of assessing the status of pelvic lymph nodes. Many patients with rectal cancer, especially those in the advanced stage of the disease, in the preoperative period undergo neoadjuvant radio chemotherapy. The evaluation of the clinical response of these patients to neoadjuvant therapy is of crucial importance both in terms of personalized treatment and in terms of their prognosis. In this regard, MRI has its clearly defined role at present in evaluating the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy, as well as in postoperative follow-up.
Winemaking in Cold Regions with Buried Viticulture in China
Authors: Tengzhen Ma , Shunyu Han
Published: September 2021

China has a long history of grape cultivation and wine making, and it has grown to be one of the most important countries in terms of grape cultivation, wine production, and wine consumption. According to meteorological and geographical regionalization, China’s wine production area has been divided into 11 regions, the majority of which are located in cold and mid-temperate regions in northern China, where vines must be buried in winter and unearthed in spring. In China, the main cultivated grape varieties are similar, with the red variety accounting for more than 80% of the total, while the white variety represents just 20%. Currently, Cabernet Sauvignon is the most widely planted variety, but Marselan, another red variety, have recently shown good prospects. Wild grape species such as Vitis amurensis, Vitis davidii, and Vitis quinquangularis are widely planted in northern and southern China because of their good resistance to local climate. This chapter highlights some common wild grape varieties in China, as well as the wines made from them. Also, some winemaking pretreatment techniques are reported.
Managing Polypharmacy and Deprescribing in Elderly
Authors: Apaydın Kaya Çiğdem
Published: September 2021

The increase in the number of medications used may result many negative consequences for patients and health system. Elderly patients are more likely to encounter these health problems associated with polypharmacy. Deprescribing, the process of tapering, withdrawing, discontinuing, or stopping medications, is important in reducing polypharmacy, adverse drug effects, inappropriate or ineffective medication use, and costs. Deprescribing in elderly patients in accordance with the evidence based guidelines has many positive outcomes in older people such as decrease in the risk of falls, improvement in cognition, and improvement in patients’ global health status. Therefore, each visit of an elderly patient should be considered as an opportunity to evaluate the unnecessary use or harms of the prescribed or nonprescribed medications. Clinicians should decide to deprescription process by individualized care goals in line with current guidelines. Beers Criteria, STOPP/START and The Medication Appropriateness Index-MAI can be used to assit clinicians to identify unnecessary or potentially inappropriate drugs and reduce the number of medications in older patients. But, a balance is required between over and under prescribing. In conclusion, prevention of polypharmacy and withdrawing unneccesary and inappropriate medications may be the best clinical decision for family physicians who follow the elderly in primary care.
MOOCS for Lifelong Learning, Equity, and Liberation
Authors: Ossiannilsson Ebba
Published: September 2021

Quality education for all is both a human right based on social justice and liberation and a force for sustainable development and peace. The goal of education for all is stated in United Nations UNESCO Sustainability Goal 4, 2030 Agenda, which aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. This chapter is based on a systematic literature review. In this chapter, the focus is on global initiatives in education as a global common. The findings support that knowledge is a universal entity constructed by individuals, and it belongs to anyone anywhere and at any time. The year 2012 was dubbed the Year of the MOOC, but because of the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 marked another milestone. MOOCs have dramatically changed the way people learn, and how to access knowledge. MOOCs offer an affordable, flexible way to learn new skills, advance a career, and deliver quality educational experiences. MOOCs have the potential to help individuals enjoy learning and acquire knowledge in a variety of ways. In the changing learning landscapes and the futures of learning, MOOCs can play a variety of roles, such as stand-alone courses in informal and non-formal learning and modules integrated into formal education. It is time to develop and offer more agile, seamless, rhizomatic learning opportunities that promote human rights equity and liberation.
Single Strain Probiotic Bifidobacteria Approach in Health and Non-Health Fields
Authors: Sancar Bozkurt Hüseyin , Bozkurt Havva
Published: September 2021

Single strain probiotic bifidobacteria approach is promising for the future in health and non-health fields. Recent studies show that intestinal lumen microbial content and tissue microbial content are different, so the personalized microbiome approach with the 16S rRNA analysis comes to the fore with the single strain probiotic bifidobacteria (BB-12,Infantis) approach. In addition to their immune modulation effect, they have beneficial effects such as preventing pathogens from binding to the intestinal mucosa via the biofilm layer they produce, and also their electrophysical properties in various atmospheric conditions, They have the ability to be used in non-health areas such as microplastic biodegradition, nanostructures, food and agriculture fields. The availability of single strain probiotic bifidobacteria in health, ecological and food systems are signs that progress in the single strain probiotic bacteria approach will be more accurate.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Anesthesia and Critical Care Residents in Spain
Authors: Aisa Isabel , Llau Juan , Gonzalez Jose Maria , Delgado Carlos , Otero Maria , Romero Carolina-Soledad , Catala Juan , De Andres Jose
Published: September 2021

Background: The pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has substantially changed the activity in Spanish healthcare centers. Residents who face pandemics are vulnerable physicians with different knowledge and experience. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the Anesthesia and Critical Care residents and to establish its formative and personal consequences. Methods: A 35-question digital survey was developed, and was distributed among Anesthesia and Critical Care residents in Spain. The quantitative variable "Objective Formative Impact Score" (PIOF) was defined, being proportional to the impact on formative routines. Results: Several parameters were associated to a higher formative impact, such as the exposition to patients with COVID-19 (P = 0,020), an increase in the autonomy (P = 0,001), fear to contagion due to lack of protective equipment (P = 0,003), working in higher incidence areas (P < 0,001), being assigned to COVID-19 critical care units (P < 0,001), or to other departments different from Anesthesia and Critical Care. Residents experienced feelings of loneliness from the social distancing or ethical conflicts when working in suboptimal conditions. Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on Anesthesia and Critical Care residents both personally and formatively. The designed parameter PIOF brings an objective value about residents' formation.
Full Opioid Agonists and Tramadol: Pharmacological and Clinical Considerations
Authors: Edinoff Amber N. , Kaplan Leah A. , Khan Sami , Petersen Murray , Sauce Emily , Causey Christopher D. , Cornett Elyse M. , Imani Farnad , Moradi Moghadam Omid , Kaye Adam M. , Kaye Alan D.
Published: September 2021

: Opioids are mu receptor agonists and have been an important part of pain treatment for thousands of years. In order to use these drugs appropriately and successfully in patients, whether to control pain, to treat opiate-induced side effects, or opiate withdrawal syndromes, a solid understanding of the pharmacology of such drugs is crucial. The most recognized full agonist opioids are heroin, morphine, codeine, oxycodone, meperidine, and fentanyl. Phenanthrenes refer to a naturally occurring plant-based compound that includes three or more fused rings. The opioids derived from the opium plant are phenanthrene derivatives, whereas most synthetic opioids are simpler molecules that do not have multiple rings. Methadone acts as a synthetic opioid analgesic similar to morphine in both quality and quantity; however, methadone lasts longer and in oral form, has higher efficacy, and is considered a diphenylheptane. Fentanyl is a strong synthetic phenylpiperdine derivative that exhibits activity as a mu-selective opioid agonist approximately 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine. Meperidine is another medication which is a phenylpiperdine. Tramadol is considered a mixed-mechanism opioid drug, as it is a centrally acting analgesic that exerts its effects via binding mu receptors and blocking the reuptake of monoamines. Some of the most common adverse effects shared among all opioids are nausea, vomiting, pruritus, addiction, respiratory depression, constipation, sphincter of Oddi spasm, and miosis (except in the case of meperidine). Chronic opioid usage has also established a relationship to opioid-induced hypogonadism and adrenal suppression. Physicians must be stewards of opioid use and use opioids only when necessary.
Antimicrobial Activity of Mentha piperita, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Withania somnifera Prepared by Ultrasound Against Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry Stool
Authors: Saravani Sima , Ghaffari Mehrangiz , Valizadeh Moharram , Ali-Malayeri Fardin , Biabangard Asiyeh
Published: September 2021

Background: Extraction by conventional methods such as Soxhlet requires a long time and the possibility of damage to heat-sensitive compounds. Objectives: In this study, modern ultrasound methods used to perform and investigate the antibacterial properties of plant extracts were compared. Methods: The extracts of Mentha piperita, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Withania somnifera were prepared by an ultrasound device. Ten Escherichia coli strains were isolated from poultry stool samples. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) plant extracts against E. coli were determined using the microdilution method. Results: The results showed that the lowest inhibitory concentrations of rosemary, peppermint, and wind cheese extracts prepared by ultrasound were equal to 3.1 mg/mL, while the highest inhibitory concentrations of these extracts were equal to 25, 25, and 50 mg/mL, respectively. The lowest lethal concentrations of rosemary, peppermint, and wind cheese extracts were 6.25 mg/mL, while the highest inhibitory concentrations of these extracts were 25, 25, and 50 mg/mL, respectively. The lowest bactericidal concentrations of rosemary, peppermint, and wind cheese extracts prepared by ultrasonic waves were equal to 6.25 mg/mL, while the highest lethal concentrations of these extracts were equal to 50, 25, and 100 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: According to the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the use of ultrasonic waves is a fast, effective, and economical method for extracting plant components. In addition, the methanolic extract of peppermint has the most inhibitory and lethal properties.
Use of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) for Targeting the Portal Vein in Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) Procedures: Comparison of Low-Dose with Standard-Dose CBCT
Authors: Estler Arne , Herrmann Judith , Artzner Christoph , Hoffmann Ruediger , Nikolaou Konstantin , Hepp Tobias , Grosse Ulrich , Schempf Ulrike , Seith Ferdinand , Groezinger Gerd
Published: September 2021

Background: A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a common treatment for patients with portal hypertension. In these patients, the portal vein can be punctured under the guidance of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Objectives: To compare standard-dose (SD) CBCT with low-dose (LD) CBCT, as three-dimensional (3D) intraprocedural guidance for transhepatic puncture in TIPS placement, in terms of image quality, radiation dose, technical success, and complications. Patients and Methods: A total of 44 patients were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Eighteen patients underwent LD-CBCT, while 26 patients underwent SD-CBCT for guiding the portal vein puncture. A quantitative assessment of image quality was performed by calculating the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the hepatic portal vein. This analysis was based on a five-point vascular visualization scale (VVS), ranging from optimal (score = 1) to non-diagnostic (score = 5), while a three-point Likert scale was used for motion artifacts (1 = no motion artifacts, 3 = blurred). Image streak artifacts were also rated from one to three, based on the image quality results. Technical success was also investigated, including the number of puncture attempts, time to successful portal vein access, and radiation dose of the TIPS procedure. Results: Based on the results, TIPS could be placed successfully in all cases. Neither VVS (LD-CBCT VVS: 2.78, SD-CBCT VVS: 2.54; P = 0.467), nor the procedure time showed any significant differences between the groups (LD-CBCT: 48.3 min, SD-CBCT: 40.2 min; P = 0.45). Moreover, the objective evaluation of image quality indicated the lower quality of LD-CBCT images; however, the difference was not statistically significant (LD-CBCT CNR: 1.1 ± 0.76, SD-CBCT CNR: 1.3 ± 1.1; P = 0.5). The median number of puncture attempts was the same for SD-CBCT and LD-CBCT (n = 3; range: 1 - 6). Also, the mean dose area product (DAP) was significantly lower in LD-CBCT as compared to SD-CBCT (LD-CBCT: 2733 ± 848 µGm2, SD-CBCT: 6119 ± 1677 µGm2; P < 0.0001). The total DAP was significantly lower using LD-CBCT (LD-CBCT: 14831 ± 9299 µGm2, SD-CBCT: 20985 ± 10127 µGm2; P = 0.047). Conclusion: Both SD-CBCT and LD-CBCT provided successful 3D guidance for portal vein puncture during TIPS creation. Although these methods did not differ significantly in terms of image quality, complications, or number of puncture attempts, LD-CBCT significantly reduced the radiation dose.
The Effect of Crude Extract and Fractions of Teucrium polium L. on the Brain, Liver, and Kidney of Male Rats
Authors: Nematollahi-Mahani Seyed Noureddin , Ganjalikhan-Hakemi Sepideh , Abdi Zahra
Published: September 2021

Background: Teucrium polium (TP) is a medicinal plant with a long history of consumption as a folk remedy for curing many diseases, including diabetes, common cold, obesity, anxiety, etc. Objectives: The present study aimed at investigating the effects of TP crude extracts (TPCE), as well as its diethyl ether (DE) and petroleum ether (PE) fractions, on the brain, kidney, and liver tissue of male rats in the subchronic phase. Methods: In the study, 45 adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups as the PBS (receiving phosphate buffer saline), vehicle (receiving dimethyl sulfoxide), as well as CE, PE, and DE receiving 3 mg/kg (100 µL) TPCE, PE, and DE, respectively, for six weeks. Histopathological examinations by hematoxylin and eosin staining investigated morphological changes in all specimens. Also, the brain samples were stained by the immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique with Ki-67, CD31, p53, Nestin, and GFAP markers. Results: The findings showed that the prolonged consumption of TP caused the formation of histological lesions as apoptosis, degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolization of neurons, and foamy cells in the brain. The liver, displayed cytoplasmic vacuolization, apoptosis, degeneration, and dilated sinusoids. Moreover, TP led to atrophy, vacuolization, and necrosis in renal cells. IHC studies evidenced an increase in the expression of P53, whereas the expression of Ki67 and CD31 decreased. It should be noted that TP crude extract and fractions were toxic; however, the PE fraction was more cytotoxic than others. Conclusions: The study findings indicated that long-term administration of a sublethal dose of TP impairs cellular integrity in vital orangs, including the liver, brain, and kidney, through triggering the cell death mechanisms.
Characteristics and Hepatoprotective Activity of the Curcuma heyneana Rhizome Extract toward Wistar Rats Induced by Ethanol
Authors: Marianne Marianne , Mariadi Mariadi , Nugraha Sony Eka , Nasution Rosnani , Syuhada Pran Nando , Pandiangan Sylvia
Published: September 2021

Background: Curcuma heyneana (Valeton & Zijp.) or temu giring has various pharmacological activities. However, its hepatoprotective activity toward ethanol induction has never been carried out. Objectives: The objective of this research was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the C. heyneana rhizome extract toward Wistar rats induced by ethanol. Methods: The research was initiated with the determination of curcuminoid content, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and characterization of extract using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hepatoprotective activity was tested using the C. heyneana extract at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg with 5 g/kg ethanol as an inducer. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), liver weight, and macroscopic and microscopic liver were used as parameters. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The curcuminoid content of the extract was 1.18% (w/w). Total phenolic content of the C. heyneana extract was 400.37 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample, while total flavonoid content was 27.25 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g sample. Nine compounds were identified in the extract. Administration of the extract at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg kept the liver normal. It was identified macroscopically from the dark red color without any white spot and normal liver weight. Furthermore, at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, the extract inhibited AST and ALT elevation, which was significantly different from the negative control group (P < 0.05). The extract also prevented hepatocyte injury that was seen microscopically. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the C. heyneana extract at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg is effective as hepatoprotective in the liver injury induced by ethanol.
Psychomotor agitation therapeutic guidelines of the psychiatric section of the Serbian medical society within the epidemic COVID 19 in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Opanković Ana , Latas Milan , Milovanović Srđan
Published: September 2021

Psychomotor agitation (PMA) or psychomotor restlessness is a condition characterized by anxiety, excitement, impaired behavioral control, accelerated motor skills, superficial verbal contact, and a tendency to react impulsively. In practice, the most important is to detect episodes of psychomotor agitation in their earliest manifestation in order to avoid complicating symptoms and prevent numerous health, legal and economic consequences that untimely recognition brings. Psychomotor agitation and delirium can be one of the symptoms of COVID 19 infection. In this context (interactions with antiviral and antimalarial therapy used in the treatment of covid infection and complications of the viral infection itself) we consider agitation therapy as a condition that requires urgent treatment.
Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) and brain diseases: Connection with the eye and the body
Authors: Pavlović Dragan
Published: September 2021

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10; ubiquinone) is a vitamin-like substance that is involved in the respiratory chain in the mitochondria. Ubiquinone is synthesized in all tissues, but with age, the content decreases, as well as in some pathological conditions and with the use of statins. Ubiquinone is necessary for the growth and maintenance of cells in the human body, and with age, food intake is desirable, because endogenous synthesis is no longer sufficient. CoQ10 participates in oxidative phosphorylation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and is a potent antioxidant. Primary CoQ10 deficiencies manifest as multisystem disease, encephalomyopathy, cerebellar ataxia, myopathy, and nephrotic syndrome. In the case of CoQ10 deficiency, reactive oxygen species occur first, and in the case of severe deficiency, the loss of ATP. CoQ10 deficiency also causes apoptosis which is found in the brain and retina of the elderly. CoQ10 deficiency contributes to heart muscle dysfunction in chronic heart failure. The effects of CoQ10 deficiency are inflammation and oxidative stress. An inverse relationship between serum CoQ10 and the risk of developing dementia has been shown. CoQ10 administration resulted in a reduction in depression in patients with metabolic syndrome as well as an improvement in concentration in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. CoQ10 deficiency may be associated with the occurrence of static myopathy. In people with primary CoQ10 deficiencies, there is retinopathy, and in acquired macular degeneration and glaucoma, CoQ10 levels are reduced. High doses of CoQ10 help survive chronic heart failure and coronary heart disease. Beneficial effects of CoQ10 on the treatment of obesity, oxidative stress, metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver have been shown. Fatigue applications are controversial. There has been some positive effect of CoQ10 in breast cancer. Studies indicate that the use of CoQ10 has beneficial effects in the early stages of sepsis. For therapeutic purposes, CoQ10 is administered in doses of 30-3000 mg. Doses of 22 mg daily to 400 mg/day are considered safe. Side effects are mostly mild and rare.
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Redaktionen TA
Published: September 2021

Redaktionelt forord

 

Som kilde til en uhæmmet metafordannelse er synet sandsynligvis

den sans, der bærer de største billedlige byrder - en overførelsens

overbelastning, som kan iagttages ved sammenbrud i den metaforiske

konsistens. Med synet afbilder vi indsigtens vished og overblikkets

omfang, som fastner sig til erfaringens selvsyn og det klare bevis’

ubetvivelige evidens eller vider sig ud i granselos anskuelse, der

omfatter alt i sin synskreds, tilvarelsen, livet, verden, endog det, der

endnu kun er vision. Men af samme kilde narer vi vores skepsis til

fejringen af det oplagte, abenbare og gennemskuelige. Vi kan ved

ojet afbilde tildakkede, usynlige og latente krafter og virksomheder,

der skjuler sig for iagttagelsens naive selvfolgelighed, eller vi

kan sandsynliggore perspektivernes afhangighed af synspunkternes

indskrankende udsyns- og overbliksmuligheder.

Derfor er rammen om dette nummer af Tidsskriftet Antropologi

en bestrabelse pa at aflaste synet dets billedlige byrder. Forfatterne

har alle haft til opgave at holde sig fra synsvinklernes kun alt for

facile billeddrift, for „en sag kan jo ses fra mange sider”, og „et sete

afhanger af ojnene, der ser” - ad infinitum. Artiklerne holder - og

forholder - sig folgeligt til selve synssansens kultiverede forskelligartethed

og til sociale variationer af det afbildedes konkrete

synlighed. Gebrakkeligt sagt: synet bogstaveligt set. Laseren ma sa

domme, om vi har formaet at give syn for sagn.

- redaktionen
At være og ikke at være. Om portrætlighed og metafor
Authors: Bojlén Benedicte
Published: September 2021

Da en dame i Matisse's atelier fortornet pegede pa hans maleri og sagde „den kvinde har

jo alt for lange arme", svarede han „Kare frue, det er ikke en kvinde, det er et maleri".

Banalt, men ikke uvasentligt.

Imellem mennesket og billedet af mennesket er der alle muligheder for tolkning.

Nogen gange ligner et billede et bestemt menneske, men forestiller det ikke. Andre gange

reprasenterer billedet en bestemt uden overhovedet at ligne. At reprasentere har nemlig

ikke bare med fysisk lighed eller umiddelbar genkendelse at gore. Eller sagt pa en anden

made; selv hvad vi forstar som fysiognomisk lighed etableres med en synssans, der

grundlaggende er metaforisk.

I de senere ar har forfattere, der beskaftiger sig med Afrika, fremhavet det afrikanske

portrat som en genre med helt andre konventioner for identifikation end de vestlige. Det

betyder bl.a at stiliserede figurer, masker og potter, som ikke tidligere er fremstaet som

person-reprasentationer i vores ojne, i deres eget samfund kan referere til specifikke

mennesker (Bems 1990, Borgatti 1990, Drewal 1990, Silverman 1990). Hvis disse

genstande kan kaldes portratter, kan man sporge sig hvordan billeder overhovedet giver

indtryk af at ligne og hvori genkendelse egentlig bestar. Inspireret af en lidt provokerende

pastand om, at ogsa huse er portratter (Drewal 1990, Borgatti 1990a), kan vi gore

„portrat" til paraply-begreb for alskens billeder og objekter. Nar den folgende sightseeing

gennem mange tider og steders portratter tager disse sporgsmal om lighed og

identifkation som sin ledetrad, er det derfor ikke bare for at problematisere begrebet

lighed, men ogsa for at tage netop pa „sight-seeing" i en anden forstand - at betragte

synet selv.
Sjælen kan også se(s). Om verdensoplevelse hos mekeo, Papua Ny Guinea
Authors: Bergendorff Steen
Published: September 2021

Det sete afhanger ikke kun af ojnene der ser, men ogsa af sociale nonner for, hvad der

kan ses, og hvordan det sete skal forstas. Observationen er afhangig af kalibreringen af

den observerende, for at bruge en lettere omskrivning af Bohrs kendte dictum, og derfor

er der forskel pa de handlingsstrategier, det sete udloser.
På sporet af en teori
Authors: Heltai Gyöngyi
Published: September 2021

PETER IAN CRAWFORD & DAVID TURTON (eds.): Film as Ethnography.

Manchester & New York: Manchester University Press 1992.322 sider, illustreret.

ISBN 0-7190-3683-6 paperback.

 

PETER I. CRAWFORD & JAN K. SIMONSEN (eds.): Ethnographic Film,

Aesthetics and Narrative Traditions - Proceedings from NAFA IL Aarhus: Intervention

Press 1992.251 sider, illustreret. Pris DKK 196,-/ECU 12,-. ISBN 87-89825-01-

2 paperback.

 

Nar man skriver om disse to nyudgivne boger om etnografiske film, forekommer det

naturligt at sammenholde deres hovedemner og -retninger med dem, der i sin tid blev

prasenteret i varket Principles of Visual Anthropology. Sidstnavnte blev udgivet i 1975,

og har siden varet betragtet som en bibel eller i det mindste en grundlaggende

referencebog inden for dette granseomrade i antropologien; et omrade, hvis resultater er

blevet ignoreret eller kritiseret i artier.
Steinar Bryn: Norske Amerika-bilete: Om Amerikanisering av norsk kultur
Authors: Salamon Karen Lisa Goldschmidt
Published: September 2021

Steinar Bryn: Norske Amerika-bilete: Om Amerikanisering av norsk kultur

Anmeldes af Karen Lisa Goldschmidt Salamon
John Davis: Exchange
Authors: Jacobsen Michael
Published: September 2021

John Davis: Exchange

Anmeldes af Michael Jacobsen
Thomas J. Fararo: The Meaning of General Theoretical Sociology: Tradition and Formalization
Authors: Kaspersen Lars Bo
Published: September 2021

Thomas J. Fararo: The Meaning of General Theoretical Sociology: Tradition and Formalization

Anmeldes af Lars Bo Kaspersen
Roger Goodman: Japan's 'International Youth': The Emergence of a new Class of Schoolchildren
Authors: Andersen Hanne
Published: September 2021

Roger Goodman: Japan's 'International Youth': The Emergence of a new Class of Schoolchildren

Anmeldes af Hanne Andersen
C. M. Hann: Socialism: Ideals, Ideologies and Local Practice
Authors: Høiris Ole
Published: September 2021

C. M. Hann: Socialism: Ideals, Ideologies and Local Practice

Anmeldes af Ole Høiris
Concerted conformational dynamics and water movements in the ghrelin G protein-coupled receptor
Authors: Louet Maxime , Casiraghi Marina , Damian Marjorie , Costa Mauricio GS , Renault Pedro , Gomes Antoniel AS , Batista Paulo R , M'Kadmi Céline , Mary Sophie , Cantel Sonia , Denoyelle Severine , Ben Haj Salah Khoubaib , Perahia David , Bisch Paulo M , Fehrentz Jean-Alain , Catoire Laurent J , Floquet Nicolas , Banères Jean-Louis
Published: September 2021

There is increasing support for water molecules playing a role in signal propagation through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, exploration of the hydration features of GPCRs is still in its infancy. Here, we combined site-specific labeling with unnatural amino acids to molecular dynamics to delineate how local hydration of the ghrelin receptor growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is rearranged upon activation. We found that GHSR is characterized by a specific hydration pattern that is selectively remodeled by pharmacologically distinct ligands and by the lipid environment. This process is directly related to the concerted movements of the transmembrane domains of the receptor. These results demonstrate that the conformational dynamics of GHSR are tightly coupled to the movements of internal water molecules, further enhancing our understanding of the molecular bases of GPCR-mediated signaling.
Structure and dynamics of the chromatin remodeler ALC1 bound to a PARylated nucleosome
Authors: Bacic Luka , Gaullier Guillaume , Sabantsev Anton , Lehmann Laura C , Brackmann Klaus , Dimakou Despoina , Halic Mario , Hewitt Graeme , Boulton Simon J , Deindl Sebastian
Published: September 2021

The chromatin remodeler ALC1 is recruited to and activated by DNA damage-induced poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chains deposited by PARP1/PARP2/HPF1 upon detection of DNA lesions. ALC1 has emerged as a candidate drug target for cancer therapy as its loss confers synthetic lethality in homologous recombination-deficient cells. However, structure-based drug design and molecular analysis of ALC1 have been hindered by the requirement for PARylation and the highly heterogeneous nature of this post-translational modification. Here, we reconstituted an ALC1 and PARylated nucleosome complex modified in vitro using PARP2 and HPF1. This complex was amenable to cryo-EM structure determination without cross-linking, which enabled visualization of several intermediate states of ALC1 from the recognition of the PARylated nucleosome to the tight binding and activation of the remodeler. Functional biochemical assays with PARylated nucleosomes highlight the importance of nucleosomal epitopes for productive remodeling and suggest that ALC1 preferentially slides nucleosomes away from DNA breaks.
HIV en mujeres mayores de 50 años. Análisis de datos administrativos en departamentos del Pacífico colombiano (2014-2018)
Authors: Camacho Juanita , Moscote Diana , Ariza Yoseth J.
Published: September 2021

Introducción. El HIV es un problema de salud pública relevante en el Pacífico colombiano debido a la gran problemática social de la región y la exposición de las mujeres a más factores de riesgo.Objetivo. Describir las diferencias por sexo y grupos de edad con respecto al código CIE-10 de HIV más frecuente en los cuatro departamentos de la Región Pacífica colombiana durante el periodo de 2014 a 2018.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional descriptivo, retrospectivo y con unidades de análisis ecológicas (departamentos y municipios) obtenidas por agregación. La fuente de datos fue el SISPRO, una plataforma para el registro obligatorio de las prestaciones de servicios de salud en el país. Para cada grupo de edad y ente territorial, se estimaron las proporciones del código para mujeres y para hombres, y se calcularon las diferencias absolutas (la proporción femenina menos la proporción masculina).Resultados. A nivel regional, en 9 de 22 grupos se observó el predominio de mujeres, con la mayor diferencia en el grupo de 25 a 29 años. Cinco de los nueve grupos de edad con mayor reporte en mujeres correspondían a mayores de 50 años. La mayor diferencia se encontró en el grupo de 50 a 54 años en Chocó y, la menor, en el grupo de 90 a 94 años en Nariño. En el análisis se identificaron dos patrones: antes de los 50 años, con predominio de los hombres, y después de los 50 años, con predominio de las mujeres.Conclusiones. El análisis secundario de una base de datos de recolección rutinaria es útil. Dado que los datos evidenciaron una prevalencia de los adultos mayores, especialmente mujeres, es importante que se considere incluir esta población en las estrategias de promoción y prevención del programa de HIV.
Immune characterization of a Colombian family cluster with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Aguilar-Jiménez Wbeimar , Flórez-Álvarez Lizdany , Rincón Daniel S. , Marín-Palma Damariz , Sánchez-Martínez Alexandra , Martínez Jahnnyer , Zapata María Isabel , Loaiza John D. , Cárdenas Constanza , Guzmán Fanny , Velilla Paula A. , Taborda Natalia A. , Zapata Wildeman , Hernández Juan C. , Díaz Francisco J. , Rugeles María T.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Immunological markers have been described during COVID-19 and persist after recovery. These immune markers are associated with clinical features among SARSCoV-2 infected individuals. Nevertheless, studies reporting a comprehensive analysis of the immune changes occurring during SARS-CoV-2 infection are still limited.Objective: To evaluate the production of proinflammatory cytokines, the antibody response, and the phenotype and function of NK cells and T cells in a Colombian family cluster with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Materials and methods: Proinflammatory cytokines were evaluated by RT-PCR and ELISA. The frequency, phenotype, and function of NK cells (cocultures with K562 cells) and T-cells (stimulated with spike/RdRp peptides) were assessed by flow cytometry. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were determined using indirect immunofluorescence and plaque reduction neutralization assay.Results: During COVID-19, we observed a high proinflammatory-cytokine production and a reduced CD56bright-NK cell and cytotoxic response. Compared with healthy controls, infected individuals had a higher frequency of dysfunctional CD8+ T cells CD38+HLA-DR-. During the acute phase, CD8+ T cells stimulated with viral peptides exhibited a monofunctional response characterized by high IL-10 production. However, during recovery, we observed a bifunctional response characterized by the co-expression of CD107a and granzyme B or perforin.Conclusion: Although the proinflammatory response is a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 infection, other phenotypic and functional alterations in NK cells and CD8+ T cells couldbe associated with the outcome of COVID-19. However, additional studies are required to understand these alterations and to guide future immunotherapy strategies.
Pitfalls and perils of survival analysis under incorrect assumptions: the case of COVID-19 data
Authors: Piovani Daniele , Nikolopoulos Georgios K. , Bonovas Stefanos
Published: September 2021

Non-parametric survival analysis has become a very popular statistical method in current medical research. However, resorting to survival analysis when its fundamental assumptions are not fulfilled can severely bias the results. Currently, hundreds of clinical studies are using survival methods to investigate factors potentially associated with the prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and test new preventive and therapeutic strategies.In the pandemic era, it is more critical than ever to base decision-making on evidence and rely on solid statistical methods, but this is not always the case. Serious methodological errors have been identified in recent seminal studies about COVID-19: One reporting outcomes of patients treated with remdesivir and another one on the epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill patients.High-quality evidence is essential to inform clinicians about optimal COVID-19 therapies and policymakers about the true effect of preventive measures aiming to tackle the pandemic. Though timely evidence is needed, we should encourage the appropriate application of survival analysis methods and careful peer-review to avoid publishing flawed results, which could affect decision-making.In this paper, we recapitulate the basic assumptions underlying non-parametric survival analysis and frequent errors in its application and discuss how to handle data on COVID-19.
Predicting rice diseases across diverse agro-meteorological conditions using an artificial intelligence approach
Authors: Patil Rutuja Rajendra , Kumar Sumit
Published: September 2021

With the aid of a plant disease forecasting model, the emergence of plant diseases in a given region can be predicted ahead of time. This makes it easier to take proactive steps to reduce losses before they occur. The proposed model attempts to find an association between agrometeorological parameters and the occurrence of the four types of rice diseases. Rice is the staple food of people in Maharashtra. The four major diseases that occur on rice crops are focused on this paper (namely Rice Blast, False Smut, Bacterial Blight and Brown Spot) as these diseases spread rapidly and lead to economic loss. This research paper demonstrates the usage of artificial neural network (ANN) to detect, classify and predict the occurrence of rice diseases based on diverse agro-meteorological conditions. The results were carried out on two cases of dataset split that is 70–30% and 80–20%. The various types of activation function (AF) such as sigmoid, tanH, ReLU and softmax are implemented and compared based on various evaluation metrics such as overall Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1 score. It can be concluded that the softmax AF applied to 70–30% split of dataset gives the highest accuracy of 92.15% in rice disease prediction.
Ab initio Study of Diels-Alder Reaction between Cyclic Dienes and Olefin
Authors: Mohammad-Salim Haydar A.
Published: September 2021

Theoretical modeling of organic synthesis is a powerful tool and leads to further insight into chemical systems. Computational chemistry allows obtaining the potential energy surface that experimentally cannot be observed, in addition to transition state calculations, which lead to better understanding the reactivity of an organic synthesis work. The Diels-Alder (DA) reaction of cyclopentadiene 1 and N-phenylmaleimide 2 has been studied at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. This DA reaction occurs through a one-step mechanism. It was expected that this reaction undergoes two regio-isomeric reaction paths passing through two different transition states to form two different products 3  and 4. The reaction paths are irreversible due to the exothermic character of -41.24 and -41.73 kcal.mol-1. This DA reaction are exergonic with reactions Gibbs free energies between -27.26 and -27.74 kcal⋅mol−1. Analysis of the CDFT indices predict the global electronic flux from the strong nucleophilic cyclopentadiene 1 to the electrophilic N-phenylmaleimide 2.
Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Activity of Gardenia aqualla Stem Bark Methanol Extract
Authors: Anyekema Michael , Kindzeka Lesley Sahber , Dzelamonyuy Aristide
Published: September 2021

Aim: This study was aimed at examining the antimicrobial and wound healing activities of Gardenia aqualla stem bark methanol extract (GASBME) in order to provide scientific basis for its antimicrobial and wound healing properties.

Methodology: Preliminary phytochemical screening was done and antimicrobial activity determined using some pathogenic micro-organisms were evaluated following its wound healing effectiveness in Wistar rats using the model of superficial skin excision wound. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnet’s t-test.

Results: The results of preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrate, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, triterpenes, tannins, alkaloids with anthraquinones being absent. The extract showed antimicrobial activity on Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhi and significant (p< 0.05, p< 0.001) decrease in wound measurement by the 11th day.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that GASBME possesses antimicrobial activity with wound healing properties that justifies the ethno-medicinal use of the plant in wound/ulcer healings.
Determination of Geothermal Gradient from Bore Hole Temperature data in Some Parts of the Eastern Niger Delta Basin
Authors: Uko E. D. , Alabraba M. A. , Tamunoberetonari I. , Oki A. O.
Published: September 2021

An analysis of Geothermal Gradients in the Eastern Niger Delta basin was done using Bore Hole Temperature (BHT) data from three (3) adjacent oil fields. BHT data was converted to static formation temperature by using the conventional method of increasing measured BHT data by 10% and Geothermal Gradient computed using its simple linear relationship with depth, surface temperature and static temperature at depth. Projections were then made for change in Geothermal gradients at 1km intervals to a depth of 4 km. Results obtained showed significant variations across Idama, Inda and Robertkiri fields with average geothermal gradients of 17.3⁰C/Km, 22.6⁰C/Km and 23.1⁰C/Km respectively. Variation in the geothermal gradients in the area is attributed to lithological control and differential rates of sedimentation during basin evolution. Also, results showed that the Geothermal Gradient in the area are generally moderate and could be a good reason for the occurrence of more oil hydrocarbons than gas in the area.
Potential Bat-like Rotavirus in Hospitalized Children with Diarrhea from the Dominican Republic
Authors: Bourdett-Stanziola Lurys , Centeno Edwing , Nordgren Johan , Durant-Archibold Armando A. , Ortega-Barria Eduardo , Bucardo Filemón
Published: September 2021

Interspecies transmission is an important aspect of rotavirus evolution and is enhanced by the close contact between humans and animals. The role of bats as a reservoir or intermediary host for viruses associated with human gastroenteritis is poorly understood, but there are reports of rotaviruses detected in humans that contain genes from bat rotavirus. In this study, a total of 15 rotavirus positive samples from children hospitalized for gastroenteritis in 2007 in the Dominican Republic were investigated by sequencing of the capsid VP4, VP7 and VP6 genes to identify genetic variants. The most common genotypes were G1-P[8]-I1, G3-P[6]-I2 and G12-P[8]-I1. Interestingly, 3 of the 15 sequenced strains had VP7 encoding genes highly similar (≥97%) to those of bat rotaviruses of the G3 genotype detected in Bulgaria in 2008. These VP7 sequences were more distantly related (≤92%) to other G3 rotavirus found in bat, human, rabbit, pigs, rat and monkeys.  Only 1 VP4 sequence was available from the bat-like rotavirus yielding genotype P[6]. This and other identified P [6] sequences were more related to human than to porcine derived P[6] sequences. Furthermore, 4 of 10 available VP6 sequences, including the 3 from the G3 bat-like strains, showed high nucleotide identity (>97%) with VP6 of I2 genotype from bat rotavirus detected in Kenya in 2015. A novel observation was the finding of 4 children of ≥1 year of age hospitalized with gastroenteritis and infected with bat-like rotavirus. This study extends previous knowledge on rotavirus interspecies transmission and warrants future rotavirus studies on bats and children from Dominican.
Genetic Components and Diversity Analysis in Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (Linn.) Czern & Coss] Based on Different Morpho-physiological Traits
Authors: Shyam Chitralekha , Tripathi M. K. , Tiwari Sushma , Tripathi Niraj
Published: September 2021

Aim: Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (Linn.)] is the third vital oilseed crop in the world which contributes 28.6% in the production of oilseeds. Genetic diversity assessment plays a fundamental role in the preservation and improvement of the targeted plant species.

Study Design: In the present investigation, 196 Indian mustard genotypes including checks were grown in the field and evaluated based on different morpho-physiological traits.

Place and Duration of the Study: All the genotypes were grown in randomized block design with two replications in Rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18 at the experimental field of Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, M.P., India.

Methodology: The study was conducted to record different morphological and physiological traits that play a major role in differentiating the targeted genotypes.

Results: Based on the present study, the highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of disparity were documented for seed yield per plant tracked by harvest index and numbers of silique per plant. Maximum heritability and genetic advance were documented for seed yield per plot tracked by harvest index, biological yield per plot, days to 50% flowering, length of the main raceme, numbers of silique per plant, seed yield per plant, numbers of seeds per silique, 1000-seed weight and numbers of silique per the main raceme.

Conclusions: In principal component analysis, 15 principal components were evidenced while cluster analysis gave 16 clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was evidenced between cluster 9 and cluster 16 which suggests that the hybridization scheme considering parents from these clusters is supposed to be given a higher occurrence of better-wanted combination(s) for expansion of beneficial genetic stocks.