bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy is a viable option in young patients with advanced arthritis in a long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Gkekas Nifon K. , Komnos George A. , Mylonas Theodoros , Chalatsis Georgios , Koutalos Antonios A. , Hantes Michael E.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the long‐term outcomes of medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) as a treatment option for advanced medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA) Kellgren–Lawrence (K‐L) III and IV.

Methods

Patients with severe medial compartment arthritis, who underwent MOWHTO with locking plate between 2003 and 2015, were retrospectively reviewed. A locking plate for the osteotomy was utilized. Preoperative and postoperative patients’ evaluation was performed using the International Knee Documentation Committee Score (IKDC), the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), the Knee Injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the Short Form‐12 Score (SF‐12). Standardized standing whole‐limb X‐rays were taken to evaluate the mechanical tibiofemoral angle (mTFA) and proximal medial tibial angle (PMTA), and the severity of OA.

Results

A total of 32 patients, 35 knees (27 males, five females) of which 21 were classified as K‐L Grade III and 14 as K‐L Grade IV, and mean age 47.1 ± 9.17 years old, who were followed for 13.6 years (range 7–20 years), were included in the study. During the follow‐up period, three knees required conversion to total knee replacement (91.5% survival rate). All clinical outcome scores (KOOS, OKS, IKDC and SF‐12) showed a significant improvement compared to preoperative status (p < 0.05). Preoperative mTFA and PMTA were significantly corrected immediately after surgery and retained this improvement at the last follow‐up.

Conclusion

MOWHTO with a locking plate is an effective method to treat severe medial compartments. Clinical and radiological results are satisfactory and the survival rate is 91.5%, at a mean follow‐up of 13.6 years after the procedure.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Dysregulated BCL9 Controls Tumorigenicity and Ferroptosis Susceptibility by Binding With Nrf2 in Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Bin , Yao Zhihao , Wang Zhenhua , Yao Shenzhen , Cen Xiaoxia , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2024

Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system with increasing incidence. In this study, we found that BCL9 is markedly upregulated in human TC tumors and its expression is positively corrected with the process of TC. Functionally, we found that overexpression of BCL9 promoted the proliferation and migration of TC cells, while reduced the sensitivity of TC cells to ferroptosis, a form of cell death driven by iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation and implicated as a novel cancer therapeutic strategy. Mechanistically, the co‐immunoprecipitation assay determined that BCL9 could bind to Nrf2 which has been confirmed to play an important role in ferroptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that silence of BCL9 could decrease Nrf2 expression, and then affect the expression of the downstream genes of Nrf2, ultimately induce ferroptosis. Importantly, we confirmed the effects of BCL9 on TC tumors in vivo. Overall, this study unveils the functional role and clinical significance of BCL9 in TC progression, and highlights the potential of targeting BCL9/Nrf2 ferroptosis axis as a novel therapeutic strategy for TC treatment.
Numerical investigation of drag reduction effects on a track bicycle fork using wings with a wavy leading edge
Authors: Klein Marten , Kessler Robert William , Schmidt Heiko
Published: September 2024

Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and large‐eddy simulations (LES) of the flow around wings with a wavy leading edge (WLE) are conducted in order to assess the capabilities of a passive flow control strategy for drag reduction. The intended application is indoor track cycling with controlled flow conditions. A section of a single fork rod is investigated in order to make the numerical simulations feasible. The present study reveals that net drag reduction is possible by a nonsinusoidal modification of the leading edge of the wing. However, the drag reduction effect remains limited to a few percent. While RANS and LES yield the same drag coefficient for a reference case, RANS underestimates the drag reduction effect for a longer wing and the WLE cases, but exhibits otherwise a qualitatively similar trend as the LES. With the aid of RANS, an optimal geometry is obtained defined by the wavelength‐to‐chord length ratio of and the amplitude‐to‐chord length ratio of . Corresponding LES results give an indication of the origin of drag reduction by a hampered vortex shedding. The generation of smaller and more streamwise oriented vortical flow structures at the trailing edge and behind the WLE wing is correlated with significantly reduced lift fluctuations and drag reduction.
Combination effect of Mepolizumab and Endobronchial Watanabe Spigot (EWS) in drug‐induced eosinophilic pneumonia complicated by refractory pneumothorax
Authors: Ayame Nana , Tanabe Yuki , Motojima Mai , Tachi Ryosuke , Makino Fumihiko , Oh Shiaki , Sasaki Shinichi , Takahashi Kazuhisa
Published: September 2024

Few reports have described the treatment of eosinophilic pneumonia (EP) complicated by refractory pneumothorax. A 62‐year‐old man with a medical history of ulcerative colitis who was undergoing maintenance treatment presented with fever, cough, and diffuse bilateral consolidation on chest radiography. Laboratory findings showed peripheral eosinophilia, and he was hospitalized with a diagnosis of drug‐induced EP and started on corticosteroid therapy. During the course, he developed refractory pneumothorax, and it was difficult to control the air leakage. As it was necessary to control the eosinophilic inflammation and air leakage, mepolizumab, a humanized anti‐interleukin‐5 monoclonal antibody, and an endobronchial Watanabe spigot (EWS), were introduced. After EWS insertion, the leakage of the refractory pneumothorax disappeared. The patient continued to have no recurrence of EP or pneumothorax after the removal of the EWS. The combination of mepolizumab and an EWS may be effective in cases of EP complicated by refractory pneumothorax.
Initial Experience of Robot Assisted Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty for Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Using the Hinotori Surgical Robot System
Authors: Tobe Taisuke , Terakawa Tomoaki , Ueki Hideto , Hara Takuto , Shiraishi Yusuke , Wakita Naoto , Okamura Yasuyoshi , Suzuki Kotaro , Bando Yukari , Chiba Koji , Teishima Jun , Nakano Yuzo , Miyake Hideaki
Published: September 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate the perioperative outcomes of robot‐assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RLP) using the recently launched hinotori surgical robot system.

Methods

This retrospective study compared the perioperative outcomes of 11 consecutive patients who underwent RLP with the hinotori surgical robot system from October 2022 to March 2024 (hinotori group) and 30 consecutive patients who underwent RLP with the da Vinci system from March 2019 to September 2022 (da Vinci group).

Results

The patient characteristics of the groups were similar. The median operative times in the hinotori and da Vinci groups were 236.0 and 231.5 min, respectively (p = 0.480). The success rates were 100.0% and 96.7%, respectively (p = 1.000). Clavien‐Dindo grade ≥ 3 complications occurred in one patient (9.1%) in the hinotori group and one patient (3.3%) in the da Vinci group (p = 0.470).

Conclusions

The perioperative outcomes in the hinotori group were not inferior to those in the da Vinci group.
Autoantibodies in COVID‐19 and Other Viral Diseases: Molecular, Cellular, and Clinical Perspectives
Authors: Chatterjee Srijan , Bhattacharya Manojit , Saxena Sanskriti , Lee Sang‐Soo , Chakraborty Chiranjib
Published: September 2024

Autoantibodies are immune system‐produced antibodies that wrongly target the body's cells and tissues for attack. The COVID‐19 pandemic has made it possible to link autoantibodies to both the severity of pathogenic infection and the emergence of several autoimmune diseases after recovery from the infection. An overview of autoimmune disorders and the function of autoantibodies in COVID‐19 and other infectious diseases are discussed in this review article. We also investigated the different categories of autoantibodies found in COVID‐19 and other infectious diseases including the potential pathways by which they contribute to the severity of the illness. Additionally, it also highlights the probable connection between vaccine‐induced autoantibodies and their adverse outcomes. The review also discusses the therapeutic perspectives of autoantibodies. This paper advances our knowledge about the intricate interaction between autoantibodies and COVID‐19 by thoroughly assessing the most recent findings.
ForzaETH Race Stack—Scaled Autonomous Head‐to‐Head Racing on Fully Commercial Off‐the‐Shelf Hardware
Authors: Baumann Nicolas , Ghignone Edoardo , Kühne Jonas , Bastuck Niklas , Becker Jonathan , Imholz Nadine , Kränzlin Tobias , Lim Tian Yi , Lötscher Michael , Schwarzenbach Luca , Tognoni Luca , Vogt Christian , Carron Andrea , Magno Michele
Published: September 2024

Autonomous racing in robotics combines high‐speed dynamics with the necessity for reliability and real‐time decision‐making. While such racing pushes software and hardware to their limits, many existing full‐system solutions necessitate complex, custom hardware and software, and usually focus on Time‐TrIals rather than full unrestricted Head‐to‐head racing, due to financial and safety constraints. This limits their reproducibility, making advancements and replication feasible mostly for well‐resourced laboratories with comprehensive expertise in mechanical, electrical, and robotics fields. Researchers interested in the autonomy domain but with only partial experience in one of these fields, need to spend significant time with familiarization and integration. The ForzaETH Race Stack addresses this gap by providing an autonomous racing software platform designed for F1TENTH, a 1:10 scaled Head‐to‐Head autonomous racing competition, which simplifies replication by using commercial off‐the‐shelf hardware. This approach enhances the competitive aspect of autonomous racing and provides an accessible platform for research and development in the field. The ForzaETH Race Stack is designed with modularity and operational ease of use in mind, allowing customization and adaptability to various environmental conditions, such as track friction and layout, which is exemplified by the various modularly implemented state estimation and control systems. Capable of handling both Time‐Trials and Head‐to‐Head racing, the stack has demonstrated its effectiveness, robustness, and adaptability in the field by winning the official F1TENTH international competition multiple times. Furthermore, the stack demonstrated its reliability and performance at unprecedented scales, up to over on tracks up to 150 m in length.
Quantifying Epistemic Uncertainty in Binary Classification via Accuracy Gain
Authors: Qian Christopher , Ganter Tyler , Michalenko Joshua , Liang Feng , Adams Jason
Published: September 2024

Recently, a surge of interest has been given to quantifying epistemic uncertainty (EU), the reducible portion of uncertainty due to lack of data. We propose a novel EU estimator in the binary classification setting, as the posterior expected value of the empirical gain in accuracy between the current prediction and the optimal prediction. In order to validate the performance of our EU estimator, we introduce an experimental procedure where we take an existing dataset, remove a set of points, and compare the estimated EU with the observed change in accuracy. Through real and simulated data experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed EU estimator.
Comparative study of enterprise efficiency and environmental, social and governance performance before and after COVID‐19 epidemic—A study of China's A‐share listed Fintech companies
Authors: Xie Tao , Li Ying , Chiu Yung‐Ho , Ao Shiyou
Published: September 2024

Since the outbreak of COVID‐19, it is worth noting how the enterprise efficiency and ESG performance of Chinese fintech enterprises are affected by pandemic. However, researches using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to explore this issue are still very scarce. Therefore, this paper selects 45 A‐share listed fintech enterprises to construct A two‐stage RDM‐DDF efficiency analysis model, and evaluates the efficiency of different stages and different input–output indexes by using the window efficiency analysis method. At the same time, target enterprises were grouped according to their registered locations, so as to explore the regional differences in efficiencies and changes in the efficiency before and after the outbreak of COVID‐19. The analysis results show that: (1) Regional differences in corporate efficiency are quite pronounced. (2) There is no obvious positive correlation between ESG performance and traditional financial performance of target enterprises. (3) Following the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the efficiency changes in target companies have been complex.
Deliberate Amorphization of Co‐MOF for Constructing Crystalline‐Amorphous Heterostructures Toward High‐Performance Water Electrolysis
Authors: Zhou Guangyao , Zhou Xue , Li Jing , Huang Weiran , Pang Huan , Zhang Songtao , Yang Jun , Xu Lin , Tang Yawen
Published: September 2024

The endowment of metal organic frameworks (MOF) with superior electrocatalytic performance without compromising their structural/compositional superiorities is of great significance for the development of renewable energy devices, yet remains a grand challenge. Herein, a deliberate partial amorphization strategy is developed to construct a heterostructured electrocatalyst consisting of crystalline Co‐MOF and amorphous Co‐S nanoflake arrays aligned on the carbon cloth (CC) substrate (abbreviated as Co‐MOF/Co‐S@CC hereafter) through a rapid sulfuration method. The simultaneous implement of crystalline‐amorphous (c‐a) heterostructure and nanoflake arrayed architecture on CC substrate renders the Co‐MOF/Co‐S@CC with abundant and tight active sites, accelerated charge transfer rate, regulated electronic structures, and reinforced structural stability. As such, the obtained Co‐MOF/Co‐S@CC electrode demonstrates outstanding electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performances with the overpotentials of 64 and 217 mV at 10 mA cm−2, respectively. Moreover, a two‐electrode electrolyzer assembled by Co‐MOF/Co‐S@CC electrodes exhibits the lower cell voltages and larger current densities than those of Pt/C and RuO2 counterparts, excellent reversibility and prominent long‐term stability, representing a great prospect for feasible H2 production. This adopted concept of c‐a heterostructure for electronic regulation may bring about insightful inspiration for designing high‐performance electrocatalysts for sustainable energy systems.
Enhancing Optical Properties of Zn‐Mn Solid Solution Hybrid Halides for Wide Color Gamut Backlight Displays
Authors: Zhao Xianlong , Wang Na , Liu Kunjie , Yao Ruonan , Guo Zhongnan , Zhao Jing , Liu Quanlin
Published: September 2024

Hybrid metal halides display a range of optical properties and hold promise for various applications such as solid‐state lighting, anti‐counterfeiting measures, backlight displays, and X‐ray detection. The incorporation of zinc into (C13H26N)2MnBr4 aims to enhance its structural rigidity and improve its narrow band green light emission properties. The resulting (C13H26N)2ZnBr4 compound exhibits an identical crystal structure to (C13H26N)2MnBr4, indicating the potential for a solid solution of varying Zn and Mn ratios within this structural framework. (C13H26N)2Zn0.2Mn0.8Br4 exhibits significantly enhanced properties, including a photoluminescence quantum yield of 92%, a minimum full width at half maximum of 43 nm, and 85% retention of room temperature emission at 420 K. Additionally, crystals of (C13H26N)2ZnCl4 and (C7H18N)2ZnX4 (X = Br, I) are synthesized, with (C7H18N)2ZnBr4 displaying luminescent color changes dependent on excitation. (C7H18N)2Zn0.2Mn0.8Br4 demonstrates reversible phase transitions and alterations in optical properties. A white light‐emitting diode utilizing (C13H26N)2Zn0.2Mn0.8Br4 and commercial phosphors exhibited a color gamut of 112.2% of the National Television Standards Committee 1931 Standard. This investigation introduces a stable and highly efficient narrow‐band green phosphor suitable for displays.
Unclonable Encryption‐Verification Strategy Based on Bilayer Shape Memory Photonic Crystals
Authors: Hu Tong , Zhang Shufen , Qi Yong
Published: September 2024

The ability to reversibly exhibit structural color patterns has positioned photonic crystals (PCs) at the forefront of anti‐counterfeiting. However, the security offered by the mere reversible display is susceptible to illicit alteration and disclosure. Herein, inspired by the electronic message captcha, bilayer photonic crystal (BPC) systems with integrated decryption and verification modules, are realized by combining inverse opal (IO) and double inverse opal (DIO) with polyacrylate polymers. When the informationized BPC is immersed in ethanol or water, the DIO layer displayed encrypted information due to the solvent‐induced ordered rearrangement of polystyrene (PS) microspheres. The verification step is established based on the different structural colors of the IO layer pattern, which result from the deformation or recovery of the macroporous skeleton induced by solvent evaporation. Moreover, through the evaporation‐induced random self‐assembly of PS@SiO2 and SiO2 microspheres, unclonable structurally colored identifying codes are created in the IO layer, ensuring the uniqueness upon the verification. The decrypted code in the DIO layer is valid only when the IO layer displays the pattern with the predetermined structural color; otherwise, it is a pseudo‐code. This structural color‐based “decryption‐verification” approach offers innovative anti‐counterfeiting applications in nanophotonics.
Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity of Zintl‐Phase CaAgSb Induced by Interface and Superlattice Scattering
Authors: Xue Wenhua , Chen Jie , Yao Honghao , Mao Jun , Chen Chen , Wang Yumei , Zhang Qian
Published: September 2024

Zintl phases attract extensive attention due to the characteristic of “electron‐crystal, phonon glass”. In this work, an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity ≈0.59 W m−1 K−1 at 300 K and ≈0.3 W m−1 K−1 at 623 K is obtained in CaAgSb Zintl phase, which is much lower than that of other well‐known Zintl compounds. The origin of this ultralow lattice thermal conductivity is explored through first‐principles calculations and Cs‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. Theoretical phonon calculations provide evidence for complex phonon characteristics such as avoided‐crossing effect and low‐frequency flat band that favor the low lattice thermal conductivity. Moreover, subsequent microstructure results reveal abundant structural defects created in the CaAgSb sample, including superlattice structure and interface structure, which further contribute to the ultralow lattice thermal conductivity.
Transformative Impact of Nanocarrier‐Mediated Drug Delivery: Overcoming Biological Barriers and Expanding Therapeutic Horizons
Authors: Kim Minhye , Shin Myeongyeon , Zhao Yaping , Ghosh Mrinmoy , Son Young‐Ok
Published: September 2024

Advancing therapeutic progress is centered on developing drug delivery systems (DDS) that control therapeutic molecule release, ensuring precise targeting and optimal concentrations. Targeted DDS enhances treatment efficacy and minimizes off‐target effects, but struggles with drug degradation. Over the last three decades, nanopharmaceuticals have evolved from laboratory concepts into clinical products, highlighting the profound impact of nanotechnology in medicine. Despite advancements, the effective delivery of therapeutics remains challenging because of biological barriers. Nanocarriers offer a solution with a small size, high surface‐to‐volume ratios, and customizable properties. These systems address physiological and biological challenges, such as shear stress, protein adsorption, and quick clearance. They allow targeted delivery to specific tissues, improve treatment outcomes, and reduce adverse effects. Nanocarriers exhibit controlled release, decreased degradation, and enhanced efficacy. Their size facilitates cell membrane penetration and intracellular delivery. Surface modifications increase affinity for specific cell types, allowing precise treatment delivery. This study also elucidates the potential integration of artificial intelligence with nanoscience to innovate future nanocarrier systems.
Outdoor Performance Analysis of Semitransparent Photovoltaic Windows with Bifacial Cells and Integrated Blinds
Authors: Villa Simona , Out David , Guillevin Nicolas , Hurtado Ellmann Martin , Ribberink Marcel , Valckenborg Roland
Published: September 2024

The stricter requirements for the energy performance of buildings are creating a market for several building‐integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) technologies, including photovoltaic (PV) windows. Herein, an innovative multifunctional PV window concept designed to enhance energy generation while providing overheating protection for better indoor thermal and visual comfort is presented. This concept utilizes bifacial c‐Si solar cell strips combined with venetian blinds, all embedded in a unique insulating glazing unit. The bifacial technology increases the energy yield by using the blinds as reflectors, directing more irradiance to the cells’ rear side. The goal of this study is to analyze the outdoor performance of this concept under real operating conditions. Twelve demonstrators are installed and monitored. Various measurement campaigns are conducted, examining the impact of different blind types, tilt angles, sun positions and sky conditions. The highest energy boosts occur when the blinds are fully closed at a 75° angle with their convex side facing outward. Blinds with the highest specular reflectance achieve a maximum performance increase of 25% on sunny days and a daily average increase of 12% compared to the case of no blinds.
The Progress of Reductive Coupling Reaction by Iron Catalysis
Authors: Zhao Jian‐Qiang , Chen Zhang‐Pei
Published: September 2024

The transition metal catalyzed coupling reaction has revolutionized the strategies for forging the carbon‐carbon bonds. In contrast to traditional cross‐coupling methods using pre‐prepared nucleophilic organometallic reagents, reductive coupling reactions for the C−C bonds formation provide some advantages. Because both coupling partners are reduced in the final products using a stoichiometric amount of a reductant, this approach not only avoids the need to use sensitive organometallic species, but also provides an orthogonal and complementary access to classical coupling reaction. Notably, the reductive coupling reactions feature readily available fragments, promote good step economy, exhibit high functional group tolerance and unique chemoselectivity, which have propelled their increasingly popular in the organic synthesis. In recent years, due to the low price, minimal toxicity, and environmentally benign character, iron‐catalyzed carbon‐carbon coupling reactions have garnered significant attention from the organic synthetic chemists and pharmacologists, especially the iron‐catalyzed reductive coupling. This review aims to provide an insightful overview of recent advances in iron‐catalyzed reductive coupling reactions, and to illustrate their possible reaction mechanisms.
Meaningful engagement of people living with cancer: Leveraging breast cancer survivors in a stigma reduction intervention in Tanzania
Authors: Gutnik Lily , Msoka Elizabeth F. , Dwarampudi Sindhu , Hollis Taylor , McLeod M. Chandler , Locke Jayme E. , Scarinci Isabel , Rocque Gabrielle B. , Mremi Alex , Serventi Furuha , Mmbaga Blandina T.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Cancer‐related stigma is a key driver of advanced breast cancer stage in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). We developed and tested the impact of a breast cancer survivor‐led Stigma reduction intervention (SRI) on stigma and treatment adherence of newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer in Tanzania.

Methods

Breast cancer survivors were trained on breast cancer knowledge and motivational interviewing. A total of 4 trained survivors delivered a SRI (standardized flipchart breast education talk, personal testimony, and motivational interviewing) to 30 newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer before treatment. Pre‐ and post‐intervention knowledge surveys and stigma scale surveys were analyzed via Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests. A discussion was held with a group of survivors after the intervention period to elicit feedback on their intervention experience.

Results

Among the 30 patients, breast cancer knowledge (median overall percent correct) increased from 28% (IQR: 18%–45%) to 85% (IQR: 79%–88%) (p < 0.001) and stigma (median score) decreased from 75 (IQR: 57–81) to 53 (IQR: 44–66) (p < 0.01) following the intervention. All participants were willing to pursue hospital‐based treatment after undergoing the intervention. Eighty‐seven percent (n = 26) initiated treatment at 8‐week follow‐up after the intervention. All survivors endorsed feeling empowered and valued in their role in this intervention.

Conclusions

Breast cancer survivors are a powerful group to combat the lack of knowledge and stigma in community and healthcare settings. Expanding the scope and scale of this intervention holds promise for improving treatment‐seeking behavior and ultimately breast cancer outcomes in SSA.
Psycho-Oncology in the UAE
Authors: Schlatter Melanie C.
Published: September 2024

Medical intervention is essential for individuals newly diagnosed with cancer, and it is rapidly initiated. However, the incidence of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression during this process is high, even into survivorship, which greatly affects the quality of life of the individual as well as those around them. The field of psycho-oncology recognizes that the treatment of cancer requires a comprehensive approach to enhance prospects of longevity, well-being, and overall quality of life because it takes into account factors pertaining to the cancer and its effects on the patient, as well as relevant personal characteristics and coping mechanisms of the patient and those effects upon the cancer. Research indicates that psychological interventions initiated as part of standard care from the outset within a multidisciplinary oncology team can lead to significant benefits for the patient, their primary supports, and medical staff. The UAE has challenges with respect to an increasing prevalence of cancer, beliefs around psychological input, and a lack of psycho-oncologists, but the region is ideally suited to the development of tailored programs given the rapid shifts in research, increasing support from medical oncology staff, the implementation of UAE-centric guidelines, and prevention-focused community initiatives.
Radiation Oncology in the UAE
Authors: Abu-Gheida Ibrahim H. , Mahmood Rana Irfan , Geara Fady , Khatib Falah Al
Published: September 2024

Radiation oncology is an essential component of cancer treatment. The field of radiotherapy in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been well established and is currently growing steadily in the UAE. This chapter focuses on all the different aspects of the radiotherapy field and department(s) in the UAE. Tackling the origin and history of radiation. Moreover, with the history and present of different radiotherapy departments in the UAE, along with the definition and roles of different radiotherapy team members. Furthermore, the roles of different key players in the radiotherapy community in the UAE, including regulatory bodies, suppliers, and societies, are discussed here. Finally, radiotherapy-related education and training in the UAE, research, and potential future directions to continue moving the field forward in the UAE and the region are also summarized.
Palliative Care in the UAE
Authors: Nijhawan Neil A. , Al-Shamsi Humaid O.
Published: September 2024

The aim of palliative care is to prevent and alleviate the suffering associated with serious illness. While palliative care has traditionally been aligned with the care of patients with a diagnosis of advanced malignancy, palliative care is equally applicable to patients with a non-cancer diagnosis and highlights the fact that palliative care input is based on patient need rather as opposed to the diagnosis. Health-related suffering is present across the globe and the UAE is no different. Although palliative care remains a specialty in the early stages of development within the UAE, there has been a palliative care clinical service since 2007 at Tawam Hospital in Al Ain and the number of palliative care providers has slowly grown. There is a growing public awareness of the impact of health on quality of life and these cultural issues in addition to a number of other factors influencing the provision of palliative care across the UAE are discussed in this chapter.
Geriatric Oncology in the UAE
Authors: Sheikh Hassan Shahryar , Munawar Kiran
Published: September 2024

This article provides an overview of the burden of cancer in the elderly in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), highlighting pertinent demographic and epidemiological data. Information on the ageing of the UAE population and cancer incidence in the individuals’ aged >60 years is abstracted from the official national statistics reports and census figures. Older individuals with cancer account for approximately one-third of the total cancer population in the UAE, and they are disproportionately more prevalent among older Emiratis among the Emirati nationals. Current infrastructure and a skilled workforce in geriatric oncology are lacking, and no formal clinical or training program exists in the country. Current data on the burden of cancer treatment in the elderly are also limited. Demographic trends suggest that a pressing demand for infrastructure, skills, and personnel pertaining to geriatric oncology will be made in the future. The Top Priority Initiative from the International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) provides a valuable and comprehensive framework for developing and fostering geriatric oncology services in the country. These data and recommendations can assist key stakeholders and government agencies in informing them about the unique needs of older cancer patients, as well as in making specific recommendations and policies at the public health level.
Lung Cancer in the UAE
Authors: Rafii Saeed , Aboud Batool , Al-Shamsi Humaid O.
Published: September 2024

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. It is expected that the incidence of lung cancer will significantly increase in the next decade. Given the recognized risk factors for lung cancer, such as smoking and air pollution, preventative measures can have a remarkable impact on reducing the incidence of lung cancer in the UAE. Additionally, earlier detection of lung cancer can lead to reduced mortality from this disease. In this chapter, we review the current incidence of lung cancer in the UAE compared with the region and the rest of the world, the current effort to reduce the risk of lung cancer, the lung cancer screening service, and the availability of resources to diagnose and treat lung cancer in UAE.
Gynecologic Malignancies in the UAE
Authors: Sawan Saladin , Iqbal Faryal , Al-Shamsi Humaid O.
Published: September 2024

The United Arab Emirates is a country with its own unique demographics that are constantly changing and imposing their own opportunities and challenges. Women and girls in the UAE constitute about a third of the population (2,813,950 out of the total UAE population of 9,282,410), and the vast majority are young women (median age for females (in years): 31.2), according to the UAE Federal Competitiveness and Statistics Centre in 2020. Hence, the usual age group for most gynecological cancer occurrences forms only a small percentage of the UAE population. Therefore, the overall incidence of gynecology malignancies tends to be low in the UAE female population.
Cancer Prevention, Screening, and Early Detection in the UAE
Authors: Rafii Saeed , Al-Shamsi Humaid O.
Published: September 2024

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is one of the most rapidly expanding economies in the world, with a fast-growing population and immigration. Such rapid expansion has been associated with an increase in the cancer prevalence rate in the country. Recent statistics forecast an even greater increase in cancer prevalence by 2040. In this chapter, we review the current incidence of cancer and its risk factors in the UAE and the initiatives by the UAE government to reduce the burden of cancer in the country. We review the currently available specific cancer screening programs in the country, the challenges with the current screening programs, and recommendations for improving cancer screening in the UAE.
Kendall correlations and radar charts to include goals for and goals against in soccer rankings
Authors: Cerqueti Roy , Mattera Raffaele , Ficcadenti Valerio
Published: September 2024

This paper deals with the challenging themes of the way sporting teams and athletes are ranked in sports competitions. Starting from the paradigmatic case of soccer, we advance a new method for ranking teams in the official national championships through computational statistics methods based on Kendall correlations and radar charts. In detail, we consider the goals for and against the teams in the individual matches as a further source of score assignment beyond the usual win-tie-lose trichotomy. Our approach overcomes some biases in the scoring rules that are currently employed. The methodological proposal is tested over the relevant case of the Italian “Serie A” championships played during 1930–2023.
SWIEET—a salt-free alternative to QuEChERS
Authors: Kalinke Nadja , Stopper Pascal , Völkl Luca , Diehl Florian , Huhn Carolin
Published: September 2024

The efficient extraction of various analytes from a wide spectrum of matrices with organic solvents is still a great challenge in analytical chemistry. Especially polar and charged compounds are hard to extract in combination with neutral analytes of intermediate to low polarity. The QuEChERS method is often chosen and has been adapted not only to the analysis of food samples, but also to environmental matrices (soil, wastewater) or biota. In this study, we overcome major drawbacks of QuEChERS such as low recoveries of charged analytes and impairment of downstream analysis by high salt loads. The new extraction method, applicable to liquid and solid samples, is called SWIEET (sugar water isopropanol ethyl nitrile extraction technique). Phase separation of the otherwise miscible extraction solvents water and acetonitrile is achieved by sugaring-out instead of salting-out. Extraction efficiencies were greatly improved by adding isopropanol to the acetonitrile phase. The concentrations of the additives glucose and isopropanol, as well as temperature, were optimized by a design of experiment. Further improvement was achieved through electro- or double-extractions. For all sample types tested (surface water, wastewater treatment plant effluent, tomato, soil, and oats), recoveries and precision were higher with SWIEET than with the established QuEChERS method. From wastewater treatment plant effluent, 75% recovery on average were achieved with our SWIEET method compared to 37% with QuEChERS for a model analyte mixture with polarities of logDpH7 =  − 5.7 − 3.5. Higher recoveries and lower standard deviations compared to QuEChERS were achieved especially for polar and charged analytes such as metformin. Handling proved to be easy, since there was no additional solid phase and no tedious weighing of salts.

Graphical Abstract
Dental Abnormalities in Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ventura Laura , Verdonk Sara J. E. , Zhytnik Lidiia , Ridwan-Pramana Angela , Gilijamse Marjolijn , Schreuder Willem H. , van Gelderen-Ziesemer Kirsten A. , Schoenmaker Ton , Micha Dimitra , Eekhoff Elisabeth M. W.
Published: September 2024

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by fragile bones and skeletal deformities. Individuals with OI may have dental abnormalities such as dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) type I, malocclusions, and unerupted or missing teeth. This review comprehensively examines these dental abnormalities to assess their prevalence among the OI population and explore potential differences across different clinical types of OI and pathogenic variants. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted that included articles up to June 2024. Out of 672 articles screened, 34 were included. The included studies confirmed that dental abnormalities are prevalent in OI, with DI prevalence ranging from approximately 20 to 48%. Those with a more severe skeletal phenotype (OI type III/IV) exhibited more dental abnormalities than those with a milder skeletal phenotype (OI type I). Notably, OI type V individuals generally do not have DI, although a few isolated cases have been reported. The prevalence of occlusion types varied: Class I occlusion ranged from 14.8 to 50% and Class II malocclusion ranged from 0 to 37.5%, while Class III malocclusion from 4.1 to 84%. This differs from the general population, where Class III malocclusion is typically the least common. Open bites, cross-bites, and unerupted and missing teeth are also commonly reported, particularly in OI types III and IV. This review emphasizes the need for comprehensive dental examinations in OI due to the high prevalence of dental abnormalities. Additionally, the review draws attention to the lack of clear guidelines for diagnosing DI.
An innovative soil mesocosm system for studying the effect of soil moisture and background NO on soil surface C and N trace gas fluxes
Authors: Subramaniam Logapragasan , Engelsberger Florian , Wolf Benjamin , Brüggemann Nicolas , Philippot Laurent , Dannenmann Michael , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus
Published: September 2024

Nitric oxide (NO) is a key substance in atmospheric chemistry, influencing the formation and destruction of tropospheric ozone and the atmosphere's oxidizing capacity. It also affects the physiological functions of organisms. NO is produced, consumed, and emitted by soils, the effects of soil NO concentrations on microbial C and N cycling and associated trace gas fluxes remain largely unclear. This study describes a new automated 12-chamber soil mesocosm system that dynamically changes incoming airflow composition. It was used to investigate how varying NO concentrations affect soil microbial C and N cycling and associated trace gas fluxes under different moisture conditions (30% and 50% WFPS). Based on detection limits for NO, NO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes of < 0.5 µg N or C m−2 h−1 and for CO2 fluxes of < 1.2 mg C m−2 h−1, we found that soil CO2, CH4, NO, NO2, and N2O were significantly affected by different soil moisture levels. After 17 days cumulative fluxes at 50% WFPS increased by 40, 400, and 500% for CO2, N2O, and CH4, respectively, when compared to 30% WFPS. However, cumulative fluxes for NO, and NO2, decreased by 70, and 40%, respectively, at 50% WFPS when compared to 30% WFPS. Different NO concentrations tended to decrease soil C and N fluxes by about 10–20%. However, with the observed variability among individual soil mesocosms and minor fluxes change. In conclusion, the developed system effectively investigates how and to what extent soil NO concentrations affect soil processes and potential plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere.
Dietary patterns derived by reduced rank regression, macronutrients as response variables, and variation by economic status: NHANES 1999–2018
Authors: Coxall Samuel C. , Albers Frances EM. , Li Sherly X. , Shi Zumin , Hodge Allison M. , Lynch Brigid M. , Melaku Yohannes Adama
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Macronutrient intakes vary across people and economic status, leading to a disparity in diet-related metabolic diseases. This study aimed to provide insight into this by: (1) identifying dietary patterns in adults using reduced rank regression (RRR), with macronutrients as response variables, and (2) investigating the associations between economic status and macronutrient based dietary patterns, and between dietary patterns with central obesity (waist circumference) and systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]).

Methods

41,849 US participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999–2018 were included. The percentages of energy from protein, carbohydrates, saturated fats, and unsaturated fats were used as response variables in RRR. Multivariable generalized linear models with Gaussian distribution were employed to investigate the associations.

Results

Four dietary patterns were identified. Economic status was positively associated with both the high fat, low carbohydrate [βHighVsLow = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.28] and high protein patterns [βHighVsLow = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.11], and negatively associated with both the high saturated fat [βHighVsLow = -0.06; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.03] and the low alcohol patterns [βHighVsLow = -0.08; 95% CI; -0.10, -0.06]. The high saturated fat pattern was positively associated with waist circumference [βQ5VsQ1 = 1.71; 95% CI: 0.97, 2.44] and CRP [βQ5VsQ1 = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.47].

Conclusion

Macronutrient dietary patterns, which varied by economic status and were associated with metabolic health markers, may explain associations between economic status and health.
Synthetic cartilage implant vs. first metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis for the treatment of hallux rigidus
Authors: Budde Konrad , Claassen Leif , Plaass Christian , Stukenborg-Colsman Christina , Daniilidis Kiriakos , Yao Daiwei
Published: September 2024

Background

This study evaluated the outcome of the Cartiva synthetic cartilage implant (SCI) in the treatment of hallux rigidus.

Methods

In the present retrospective matched case-control study, we compared 18 patients with Cartiva SCI (mean follow-up: 17.7 months) to 18 patients with metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis (mean follow-up: 20 months) using multiple function measures, along with four specified visual analog subscales for pain. Pre- and postoperative radiographs were compared, and radiographic abnormalities were documented.

Results

We observed no significant differences in function measures between groups. While both groups experienced significant pain reduction, the arthrodesis group reported significantly lower exertion pain than the Cartiva SCI group (p = 0.004). Radiographic abnormalities, including implant site enlargement (6/18, 33.3%), erosive changes of the metatarsal bone (11/18, 61.1%) or articular surfaces (10/18, 55.6%), and bright sclerotic margins (12/18, 66.7%), occurred in the Cartiva SCI group.

Conclusion

The present study showed good functional results and a high satisfaction rate after MTP joint arthrodesis, which is considered the gold standard surgical treatment for higher grade hallux rigidus. While the Cartiva SCI group did not show significant differences from the arthrodesis in most aspects of function and clinical scores, the arthrodesis group tended to have better results in terms of satisfaction, residual pain, and revision rate. Even after the short follow-up period, there were some remarkable radiographic findings in the Cartiva SCI group, the long-term effects of which are not yet evident, but which may lead to implant loss. Cartiva SCI has advantages for patients who prioritize postoperative mobility, but the potential risks should be considered in the patient’s informed consent. Therefore, the present study highlights the importance of MTP joint arthrodesis for the treatment of hallux rigidus.

Level of evidence

Level IV – Retrospective matched case-control study.
Analysis of the optical performance of intraocular lenses using profilometric measurements
Authors: Miret Juan J. , Camps Vicente J. , García Celia , Caballero Maria T. , Gonzalez-Leal Juan M.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to develop a methodology, based on profilometer measurements to assess the optical behaviour of Intraocular Lenses (IOls). The “Modulation Transfer Function through-object” (MTF through-object) based on vergence object displacement was calculated for different pupil sizes and pseudophakic eyes. Tilt and decentration were also analysed in a realistic cornea eye model.

Methods

For comparison between the different IOLs, an optical quality criterion based on a minimum value the MTF through-object and the recognition of simulated vision optotypes was introduced. Five IOLs were used in this study: Tecnis Eyhance, Mini Well, Tecnis Symfony, Tecnis Synergy and RayOne EMV.

Results

The technique was validated with previous methodologies. A general narrowing of the through-object MTF curve compared to the through-focus MTF curve was shown, resulting in greater distances between near and intermediate points and less depth of field around the far peak. The comparison between the IOLs showed that variations in corneal aberrations, pupil size and decentration caused relevant changes in IOL performance. A decrease of the SA produced a hypermetropic shift of the far focus between + 0.3 D and + 0.4 D. Most of IOLs worsen the optical quality as pupil size increased, even the MTF through-object shape changed. Decentration was an important factor in IOL implantation, causing a significant change in MTF through-object shape in most of IOLs.

Conclusions

This study highlights the need to evaluate pre-operative patients for corneal aberrations and pupillary size to have the best optical success after cataract surgery in multifocal or extended depth of focus IOLs.

Key messages

What is known

MTF(Modulation Transfer Function) through-focus curves (calculated in image space by moving the detector plane) can be obtained from optical bench assembly or from commercial devices.

Recently, some studies proposed to characterize the lens surface design based on the profilometric measurements

What is new

A novel methodology based on profilometer measurements to assess the optical behaviour of Intraocular Lenses (IOls) was shown.

The “Modulation Transfer Function through-object” based on vergence object displacement was introduced in order to analyse five premium IOLs.

MTF through-object curve is more appropriate for studying clinical behaviour, as it provides further near and intermediate points distances and lower depth of focus around far peak compare to MTF through-focus curves.

The optical behaviour of the five IOLs can vary considerably depending on the eye model and pupil size.

The effect of tilt and decentration on the MTF through-object the IOLs was analysed.