bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DO INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY AND POLITICAL RISK MATTER FOR FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT? EVIDENCE FROM THE SELECTED EMERGING ECONOMIES
Authors: KHALIQUE ABDUL , AHMED KHALID , GADHI RAHMANA
Published: May 2023

Institutional quality and political risk have emerged as critical factors for financial development in emerging countries. If the financial markets in emerging economies are to progress further, they require strong institutional support. Following the argument, this study examines the role of institutional quality and political risk on financial development in selected eight emerging countries. The study covers the yearly data from 2000 to 2019 and applies the dynamic panel data estimation technique to reach the overall objective. The results conclude that institutional quality and political stability are significant factors for financial development in the panel countries. Furthermore, our results find that institutional quality has emerged as a stronger determinant than political risk that promotes financial development. Policymakers need to devise and implement policies that promote voice and accountability and help to control corruption. The improved situation of rule of law and stable political environment increase investor confidence at home and abroad, thereby increasing the financial development in emerging countries. Since the financial institutions of emerging countries rapidly integrate with a global financial system, there are opportunities for inheriting good governance practices from technologically advanced countries. This would create a win–win situation.
Entropy analysis of a Sisko nanofluid on a stretching sheet under the Hall effect
Authors: El-Aziz Mohamed Abd , Aly Abdelraheem M. , Almoneef Areej A.
Published: May 2023

The novelty of this paper is examining the impacts of Hall currents on Sisko nanofluid slip flow generated by an exponentially stretching sheet in the existence of entropy generation. Entropy generation assessment, Brownian, thermophoresis and Bejan numbers during convection flow are explored in the presence of the Hall effect. The pertinent parameters are Hall parameter m, a magnetic field parameter M, Brownian motion parameter [Formula: see text], thermophoresis parameter [Formula: see text], generalized thermal Biot number [Formula: see text], generalized velocity slip parameter [Formula: see text] and material parameter of Sisko fluid A. The changes in pertinent parameters on principal and secondary velocities, entropy generation and temperature are discussed. The coefficients of local skin friction, Brownian, thermophoresis and Nusselt/Sherwood numbers are expressed in a tabular structure. Two different kinds of power-law nanofluid, Pseudoplastic [Formula: see text] and dilatant fluid [Formula: see text] are considered. The current results exposed that growth in magnetic field parameter diminishes the nanofluid axial velocity and boosts the profiles of temperature, secondary nanofluid velocity and nanoparticle volume fraction. The coefficients of local skin friction are enhanced according to a growth in the magnetic field factor. The Pseudoplastic fluid supports the velocity, temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles compared to the dilatant fluid. The local entropy generation number, Bejan number, local skin friction coefficients and local Nusselt/Sherwood numbers are influenced by the pertinent parameters.
Numerical study of hydrodynamic forces of nonlinear fluid flow in a channel-driven cavity: Finite element-based simulation
Authors: Mahmood Rashid , Majeed Afraz Hussain , Mehmood Asif , Siddique Imran
Published: May 2023

This communication is aimed at presenting the flow behavior of viscoplastic materials in a channel driven-cavity by utilizing the Bingham constitutive equation in conjunction with the modification proposed by Papanastasiou. The whole system has been represented by a model consisting of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. In addition, the governing equations were nondimensionalized by making use of the appropriate set of variables and the computations were carried out using the finite element method. A finite element space including quadratic polynomial [Formula: see text] is chosen for the approximation of velocity profiles whilst a space containing linear polynomials is used for the estimation of pressure [Formula: see text]. The hydrodynamics forces like drag and lift values on cylindrical obstacle whose center is located at (1.5, 1.5) are computed against various values of Bingham number. Moreover, pressure drop values between the back and front of the square obstacle have also been tabulated.
A Dual-View Model for Stock Price Prediction of Internet-of-Thing Enterprises
Authors: Wang Ruozhou , Shao Ziyang , Hui Bei , Wang Zhen , Tian Ling
Published: May 2023

In recent years, with the continuous development of the capital market and intelligent internet of things (IIoTs) technologies, investors have focused more on IIoTs enterprises’ stocks. Since the stocks of IIoTs enterprises have the characteristics of heavy capital flows and high stock price volatility, the effective prediction of IIoTs stock price changes plays an extremely important role in improving investment returns and controlling investment risks. According to the above characteristics, our model takes stock trend fluctuations and time series indicator changes into consideration and comprehensively captures IIoTs stock information from both the temporal domain and the spatial domain. Specifically, the proposed model is a dual-view model that incorporates selected trading indicators to predict the closing prices of stocks. In the first view, an RNN model is designed to enlarge the receptive field of the model. In the second view, we introduce an attention mechanism to extract the influences of individual stock trends on the forecasting target. To verify the validity of this prediction method, we compare it with six other stock prediction methods. The results show that on the Ping An (601318) and IFLYTEK (002230) datasets, our method achieves the best results, that is, the lowest RMSE values.
A CONTINUOUS SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR ASSESSING THE DISTRIBUTION OF DENGUE IN BRAZIL WITH CONTROL
Authors: DOS SANTOS FERNANDO LUIZ PIO , BENDAHMANE MOSTAFA , ERRAJI ELMAHDI , KARAMI FAHD
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we developed an optimal control of a reaction–diffusion mathematical model, describing the spatial spread of dengue infection. Compartments for human and vector populations are considered in the model, including a compartment for the aquatic phase of mosquitoes. This enabled us to discuss the vertical transmission effects on the spread of the disease in a two-dimensional domain, using demographic data for different scenarios. The model was analyzed, establishing the existence and convergence of the weak solution for the model. The convergence of the numerical scheme to the weak solution was proved. For numerical approximation, we adopted the finite element scheme to solve direct and adjoint state systems. We also used the nonlinear gradient descent method to solve the optimal control problem, where the optimal management of government investment was proposed and leads to more effective dengue fever infection control. These results may help us understand the complex dynamics driven by dengue and assess the public health policies in the control of the disease.
STABILITY AND BIFURCATION IN A PREDATOR–PREY MODEL WITH PREY REFUGE
Authors: CHEN WENCHANG , YU HENGGUO , DAI CHUANJUN , GUO QING , LIU HE , ZHAO MIN
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a predator–prey model with prey refuge was developed to investigate how prey refuge affect the dynamics of predator–prey interaction. We studied the existence and stability of equilibria, and then derived the sufficient conditions for the bifurcation such as saddle-node, transcritical, Hopf and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation. In addition, a series of numerical simulations were carried out to illustrate the theoretical analysis, and the numerical results are consistent with the analytical results. Our results demonstrate that prey refuge has a great impact on the predator–prey dynamics.
Optimal Scheme Models with Imperfect Checkpoint
Authors: Naruse Kenichiro , Nakagawa Toshio
Published: May 2023

We propose optimal checkpointing models for dual and majority decision structures with imperfect checkpoints. In systems with high reliability, the process returns to the previous checkpoint when errors occur. However, in real-time systems, if the process always returns to the previous checkpoint, its process might not end in time. In this paper, we propose extended checkpoint models in which when errors occur, the process makes forward and backward recoveries, i.e., the process makes the same one again or returns to the first one with some probability. Using dual and majority decision structures as processing modules, these models are applied to constant and random tasks for the processing of objective works. Furthermore, it is shown that processing models are given by the more general forms using a K-out-of-n system. We formulate simultaneous renewal equations for imperfect models and solve them skillfully, using mathematical methods. The mean execution times until the process succeeds are obtained, and optimal policies to minimize them are derived analytically. These results include the former ones and would be useful for some practical checkpoint models.
Symmetric cohomology and symmetric Hochschild cohomology of cocommutative Hopf algebras
Authors: Shiba Yuta , Sanada Katsunori , Itaba Ayako
Published: May 2023

Staic defined symmetric cohomology of groups and studied that the secondary symmetric cohomology group is corresponding to group extensions and the injectivity of the canonical map from symmetric cohomology to classical cohomology. In this paper, we define symmetric cohomology and symmetric Hochschild cohomology for cocommutative Hopf algebras. The first one is a generalization of symmetric cohomology of groups. We give an isomorphism between symmetric cohomology and symmetric Hochschild cohomology, which is a symmetric version of the classical result about cohomology of groups by Eilenberg and MacLane and cohomology of Hopf algebras by Ginzburg and Kumar. Moreover, to consider the condition that symmetric cohomology coincides with classical cohomology, we investigate the projectivity of a resolution which gives symmetric cohomology.
Multi-Attribute Decision-Making with Independent Trapezoidal Intuitionistic Fuzzy Information Based on Risk Orientation and Similarity Measure
Authors: Lin Zhangxu , Lin Jian , Xu Zeshui , Zhou Yihong
Published: May 2023

The strategy production in intuitionistic fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making is influenced by various factors. More realistic data representations are needed to portray ambiguity under increasingly complex decision-making contexts. Firstly, this study proposes a new approach for ranking independent trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers based on the risk attitudes of decision-makers. The proposed ranking approach incorporates the decision-makers’ risk preferences and considers all possible values in the feasible domain. After that, a novel similarity measure between two independent trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers is presented based on the three-segment projection. The constructed similarity measure uses the image structure of the data to reflect the variation of vagueness and then also combines deviation to achieve optimization. Moreover, this study improves the VIKOR method under the independent trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy environment (V-ITIFE) to solve the multi-attribute decision-making problems. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the applicability and efficiency of the V-ITIFE method.
An Investigation on Forming and Fracture Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubes
Authors: Krishnamraju M. , Venkateshwar Reddy P. , Mahajan Peeyush , Mishra Sushil , Narasimhan K.
Published: May 2023

Tube hydroforming (THF) is an unconventional manufacturing technique that uses pressurized fluid in place of conventional punches to deform the tubular blank into the desired shape. In THF process tubular blank is deformed it into the final shape by applying fluid pressure mostly by water using water intensifier through axial punches. Tube hydroforming is mainly used to produce hollow components using tubular blank which find applications in automobile industry, particularly for exhaust systems. The formability of Austenitic stainless steel tubes as function of microstructure is not focused much in literature. Hence, in this study, formability of Austenitic stainless steel tubes is studied as a function of boundary conditions and bulge width (L/D ratio) and correlated with microstructure. Microstructure resulting in axial feed condition showed better formability than microstructure resulting in fixed feed condition. Similarly, formability and fracture behavior of tube predicted with finite element-based simulation using PAMPSTAMP 2G solver found results, particularly bulge height and fracture location are in good agreement with experimental values. The observed fracture mode noted was ductile both for axial feed condition and fixed feed condition as the fracture consists of voids and micro voids. Fracture location was in base metal just, besides, weld line for axial feed condition and fracture location was in base metal which is little away from weld line for fixed feed condition.
Preparation of WC film on tungsten plate via molten salts electrochemistry for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wu Tian , Chen Hualin
Published: May 2023

The development of non-precious metal electrocatalysts is an effective approach to achieving environmentally friendly electrolytic water for hydrogen production. In this paper, we report a method for the rapid preparation of excellent HER activity and durable WC thin-film electrodes using one-pot electrolysis with K2CO3 − Na2CO3 molten salts. During the electrolysis, soluble carbonate anions reduced and in situ formed WC nanoparticles on a tungsten cathode, which become firmly immobilized on the surface of the tungsten cathode, resulting in the formation of the WC/W electrode. The WC/W electrode exhibited efficient electrocatalytic HER activity, good reaction kinetics and long-term stability. In particular, the WC/W-3.1 V catalysts exhibited low overpotentials (127 mV and 221 mV) at current densities of 10 mA [Formula: see text] and 50 mA [Formula: see text], along with a small Tafel slopes (129.00 mV dec[Formula: see text]). The experimental results indicate that the WC/W electrode possesses more electrochemical active site, faster electron transfer rate and strong interfacial interaction and stability. This binder-free WC thin film electrode rapid preparation method via molten salts electrolysis provides a new approach for the development of highly active electrocatalysts.
Multi-Agents Cooperative Localization with Equivalent Relative Observation Model Based on Unscented Transformation
Authors: Sun Tao , Cui Jinqiang
Published: May 2023

Relative measurements play an important role in cooperative localization since they combine the observation from other agents and improve the state estimation accuracy. Due to the presence of uncertainty from agents’ location information, the model of relative measurements has to be modified to take the uncertainty into account. To this end, we present an equivalent relative observation model based on the unscented transformation to incorporate the relative measurements. The model enables each agent with the relative measurement from its neighboring agents to contribute to the estimation performance. In particular, the scheme of relative measurements is able to handle the outlier embedded in each agent’s measurement from environments, which prevents the estimate from being unbounded in this case. Meanwhile, we present two update schemes to incorporate the innovation information from the relative observations. One scheme absorbs the relative measurement after the update with anchor nodes while the other scheme utilizes the relative measurement in the sense of track-to-track fusion via a consistent fusion, which guarantees the consistency of the estimate. A simulation with four robots demonstrates that the performance of the proposed algorithm is superior to other conventional approaches, e.g. EKF without relative measurements.
Taxonomy and Recent Advance of Game Theoretical Approaches in Adversarial Machine Learning: A Survey
Authors: Gao Lijun , Yan Zheng , Liang Xueqin , Xu Xi , Wang Jie , Ding Wenxiu , Yang Laurence Tianruo
Published: May 2023

Carefully perturbing adversarial inputs degrades the performance of traditional machine learning (ML) models. Adversarial machine learning (AML) that takes adversaries into account during training and learning emerges as a valid technique to defend against attacks. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of adversaries’ attack strategies, researchers utilize game theory to study the interactions between an adversary and an ML system designer. By configuring different game rules and analyzing game outcomes in an adversarial game, it is possible to effectively predict attack strategies and to produce optimal defense strategies for the system designer. However, the literature still lacks a holistic review of adversarial games in AML. In this paper, we extend the scope of previous surveys and provide a thorough overview of existing game theoretical approaches in AML for adaptively defending against adversarial attacks. For evaluating these approaches, we propose a set of metrics to discuss their merits and drawbacks. Finally, based on our literature review and analysis, we raise several open problems and suggest interesting research directions worthy of special investigation.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Special Cubic Form MnO2 and MnCO3 Composite Material for Zinc Ion Battery and its Electrochemical Performance Test
Authors: Li Ling , Zhou Jiyao , Pei Xinbin , Zhang Yanwei
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the aqueous zinc ion battery cathode material composed of manganese dioxide and manganese carbonate were synthesized by hydrothermal method. By optimizing the temperature and time in both hydrothermal and calcination process, the optimal synthesis conditions were discovered. Then, in order to survey and analysis the characteristics of the material, XRD, SEM, EDS and XPS tests were conducted. It can be seen from XRD test that the main crystal structure is MnO2 and MnCO3, and no other obvious impurity peaks are found. In the SEM test, it can be seen that the main shape of the material is regular cube, and there is triangular pyramidal bulge on the surface of the cube, which can increase the surface area of the material. As can be seen from EDS and element distribution diagram, Mn, O and C elements are evenly distributed. The XPS test shows that the valence states of the synthesized materials are consistent with those of MnO2 and MnCO3. According to the infrared test and Raman test, the characteristic peak vibration of the synthesized material is also consistent with those of MnO2 and MnCO3, indicating that the composite of MnO2 and MnCO3 with high electrochemical stability has been synthesized by hydrothermal method.
Analysis of the Interaction and Variability of Thermal Decomposition Reactions of a Li-ion Battery Cell
Authors: Lenz C. , Hennig J. , Tegethoff W. , Schweiger H.-G. , Koehler J.
Published: May 2023

Lithium-ion battery cells with high energy density are widely used in today’s electric vehicles. However, thermal runaway (TR) of a battery cell is still a major safety issue in the use of lithium-ion batteries in the automotive sector. In particular, the variability of TR, which is not yet fully understood, can lead to significant safety issues. This paper investigates the variability of individual decomposition reactions during TR and their influence on the overall scattering of TR behavior. Therefore, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements on individual cell components and their combinations are carried out through multiple repetitions. It is found that the individual heat release contributions of different chemical reactions show significant variations to the overall heat release of the TR. The heat release of anode/electrolyte reactions show a variability of up to 47 %, whereas the cathode/electrolyte reactions show more consistent heat release. The reactions are summarized in an energy release diagram to combine the varying behavior of individual reactions with the overall TR chain reaction mechanism. Thus, the scattering of TR behavior of a cell can be mapped based on the variability of individual reactions. These findings should help to understand the scattering of TR behavior already at the material level.
Placenta-targeted treatment with nMitoQ prevents an endothelin receptor-A pathway cardiac phenotype observed in adult male offspring exposed to hypoxia in utero
Authors: Hula Nataliia , Kirschenman Raven , Quon Anita , Spaans Floor , Phillips Tom J. , Case C. Patrick , Cooke Christy-Lynn M. , Davidge Sandra T.
Published: May 2023

In this follow-up study, we showed a complete lack of recovery from I/R injury after the application of an ETA receptor antagonist (ABT-627) in adult male offspring exposed to hypoxia in utero while maternal treatment with nMitoQ during prenatal hypoxia exposure prevented this effect. Our data suggest that nMitoQ treatment during hypoxic pregnancies may prevent a hypoxic cardiac phenotype in adult male offspring.
Intelligent Testing and Analysis of Dissimilar Steel Welds for Industrial Throttle Flowmeter
Authors: Tong Lianghuai , Xu Hui , Xu Xiaojie , Cheng Huaye , Li Feng , Zhou Jiahui
Published: May 2023

The throttling flowmeter used in utility boilers has been used as a measuring instrument for a long time. However, its safety performance, such as welding, lacks enough attention. The manufacturing welds of the throttling flowmeter are welded with austenitic stainless steel and pearlitic heat-resistant steel. Cracks and other defects are generally found in the inspection and detection of the manufacturing welds of throttling flowmeters in service, which have serious potential accidents. To find out the relationship between weldingdissimilar steels and defects, the microhardness indentation method was used to measure the residual stress of welding. Combined with the self-developed calculation software of microscopic indentation residual stress distribution, we used the difference between the color of the indentation area and the surrounding area to quickly measure the indentation strain collected by the microscope using the computer image recognition algorithm, which greatly improved the accuracy and speed of the microscopic indentation residual stress test. The results show that the residual stress at the weld of dissimilar steel is relatively large, and the mechanical property test is generally unqualified. The microindentation residual stress analysis method based on computer image recognition is used to quickly, intuitively, and accurately reveal the direct relationship between the combination of dissimilar steel welding materials and the generation of cracks and other defects.
The Effect of Steel Fibers on the Interlocking Length between Reinforcement and Concrete and on Compressive Strength of Concrete
Authors: Kamil Akin S. , Orhan Mehmet
Published: May 2023

The use of steel fibers in a certain ratio in the concrete mixture can provide more energy dissipation to transitioning the concrete from a brittle material to a ductile material. The effects of steel fibers on the interlocking force behavior between concrete and reinforcement, as well as on concrete compressive strength, were investigated experimentally in this study. Two different water/cement ratios were prepared in the concrete mixtures for the creation of concrete samples. In the preparation of concrete, the volume of steel fibers was treated as 0.00%, 0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.00%. To evaluate the effects of steel fibers on the interlocking force between reinforcement and concrete, ribbed steel reinforcement bars were embedded by fastening the samples vertically at interlocking lengths of 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm during casting. Pull-out tests and concrete compression tests were performed on the concrete samples that had been cured for 28 days. As a result of the increase in steel fiber volumetric ratios from 0.25% to 1.00%, the compressive strength increased and it was found out that the steel fibers contribute negatively to the increase in compressive strength. Nevertheless, the tensile strength increases in parallel with the increase in interlocking length between concrete and reinforcement, but the tensile strength of the steel fiber samples is generally lower than that of nonfibrous samples. The principal findings of this study demonstrate that the steel fibers have a beneficial effect on flexural behavior, cracking performance, and postcracking residual stresses.
Prevalence and Phenotypic and Genotypic Patterns of Antibiotic Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Isolated from Fish, Shrimp, and Lobster Samples
Authors: Hasiri Zahra , Rahimi Ebrahim , Momtaz Hassan , Shakerian Amir
Published: May 2023

Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a significant hospital pathogen, quickly becoming resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobials. The present survey was done to evaluate the prevalence, antibiotic resistance pattern, and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes amongst the A. baumannii strains isolated from fish, shrimp, and lobster samples. Four-hundred and fifty seafood samples (100 g each) were collected from Shiraz, Iran. Acinetobacter baumannii was determined using culture and biochemical tests. Pattern of antibiotic resistance and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes were determined using the disk diffusion and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. A. baumannii contamination rate amongst the examined seafood samples was 4.44%, with the higher contamination rate of fish samples (7.85%). A. baumannii isolates harbored the maximum resistance rate against tetracycline (85%), ampicillin (85%), gentamicin (70%), and erythromycin (60%). Resistance rates toward trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and azithromycin were 55%, 45%, 35%, and 30%, respectively. The minimum rates of resistance were obtained against imipenem (10%) and chloramphenicol (15%). The most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes were blaCITM (75%), blaSHV (70%), tetA (70%), qnrA (55%), blaVIM (50%), and aac(3)-IV (50%). aadA1, sul1, dfrA1, qnr, blaVIM, blaSIM, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23, and blaOXA-58 genes were detected in 40%, 30%, 45%, 50%, 35%, 25%, 30%, and 20% of isolates, respectively. The role of seafood samples as a potential reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii strains was determined. However, further investigations are required to identify additional epidemiological features of A. baumannii in seafood samples.
Aqueous Extract of Sparganii Rhizoma and Curcumae Rhizoma Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Migration in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chang Kai-Wei , Wu Chia-Yu , Renn Ting-Yi , Chang Tsung-Ming , Wei Augusta I-Chin , Kung Yen-Ying , Liu Ju-Fang
Published: May 2023

Sparganii Rhizoma and Curcumae Rhizoma (SRCR) are natural herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat tumors and activate blood circulation. Previous studies have shown that SRCR possesses notable antitumor activity; however, the mechanism underlying anticancer activity in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has yet to be fully elucidated. The risk factors of OSCC include smoking, alcohol consumption, poor oral hygiene, and human papillomavirus infection. OSCC is highly metastatic and responds poorly to chemotherapy; thus, alternative treatment options are imperative. In this study, we found that SRCR induced death in OSCC cells but not in normal cells (HGF-1 cells). SRCR has also shown to induce the production of reactive oxygen species in OSCC cells, sequentially promoting calcium release and stress in the endoplasmic reticulum, which resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent apoptosis. Furthermore, SRCR has shown to inhibit the migration of OSCC cells by reducing matrix metalloproteinase-12 and -13. Our findings demonstrate that SRCR exerts anticancer activities in OSCC by inducing cell apoptosis and suppressing cell migration.
Supplementary Fig. 3 from Combination Treatment with Sipuleucel-T and Abiraterone Acetate or Enzalutamide for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: STAMP and STRIDE Trials
Authors: Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Subudhi Sumit K. , Pieczonka Christopher M. , Karsh Lawrence I. , Quinn David I. , Hafron Jason M. , Wilfehrt Helen M. , Harmon Matthew , Sheikh Nadeem A. , Shore Neal D. , Petrylak Daniel P.
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Fig 3 In vivo cellular and humoral responses through 52 weeks are illustrated here.
Supplementary Table 3 from Metastatic Prostate Cancers with BRCA2 versus ATM Mutations Exhibit Divergent Molecular Features and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Hwang Justin , Shi Xiaolei , Elliott Andrew , Arnoff Taylor E. , McGrath Julie , Xiu Joanne , Walker Phillip , Bergom Hannah E. , Day Abderrahman , Ahmed Shihab , Tape Sydney , Makovec Allison , Ali Atef , Shaker Rami M. , Toye Eamon , Passow Rachel , Lozada John R. , Wang Jinhua , Lou Emil , Mouw Kent W. , Carneiro Benedito A. , Heath Elisabeth I. , McKay Rana R. , Korn W. Michael , Nabhan Chadi , Ryan Charles J. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S.
Published: May 2023

Comparisons of WTS profiles between ATMm and BRCA2m to the HRP group.
Supplementary Fig. 2 from Combination Treatment with Sipuleucel-T and Abiraterone Acetate or Enzalutamide for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: STAMP and STRIDE Trials
Authors: Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Subudhi Sumit K. , Pieczonka Christopher M. , Karsh Lawrence I. , Quinn David I. , Hafron Jason M. , Wilfehrt Helen M. , Harmon Matthew , Sheikh Nadeem A. , Shore Neal D. , Petrylak Daniel P.
Published: May 2023

Supplementary Fig 2. Analysis of survival by baseline median alkaline phosphatase across the two studies using the study-specific median.
Diversity, distribution, and conservation status of fish species in Kallar Stream, Achankovil River, Western Ghats of Kerala, India
Authors: A.S. Vishnu  , Lal Melbin , C. Tharian Josin , M.P. Prabhakaran  , P.H. Anvar Ali
Published: May 2023

The current study presents the findings of fish species inventories conducted at 12 locations in ‘Kallar’, the perennial tributary of the undammed Achankovil River that flows through the Achankovil Reserve Forest in Kerala State. A new checklist of ichthyofauna is prepared, by adding the updated scientific names, which comprises 35 species from 27 genera, 13 families, and eight orders. In order of abundance, Opsarius bakeri, Salmostoma boopis, and Garra surendranathanii were the most prevalent species in the Kallar tributary. Eight of the total species documented are listed as threatened on IUCN Red List. The study reports the presence of a poorly known smiliogastrin cyprinid, Dawkinsia lepida for the first time in the Achankovil River as well as the range expansion of the threatened catfish, Batasio travancoria, and the Malabar Spiny Eel Macrognathus guentheri to the Kallar tributary. The study also reports a species of Balitora from Kallar, distinct from its congeners in several morphometric and meristic characteristics. The absence of any non-native fish species in the study area revealed the pristine nature of the stream habitat. A comparison of diversity indices with the available pre-flood study revealed that the fish species composition in Kallar stream has not altered as a result of the 2018 catastrophic flood. The main existing threat is the practice of destructive fishing at high levels by local communities adjacent to but outside the forest area during the dry season by damming the streamlets and then applying plant-based piscicides. It is recommended that fishing be banned during dry season because this is the time of year when the majority of the upstream fishes breed. The existing environment and fisheries acts should also be strictly enforced. For the sake of future conservation, the competent authorities should see to it that the last remaining natural forest cover in the Kanayar and Kallar ranges are safeguarded from being converted to forest plantations.
PDE10A Inactivation Prevents Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Tumor Growth
Authors: Chen Si , Chen Jiawei , Du Wenting , Mickelsen Deanne M. , Shi Hangchuan , Yu Han , Kumar Sparsh , Yan Chen
Published: May 2023

Background:

Cyclic nucleotides play critical roles in cardiovascular biology and disease. PDE10A (phosphodiesterase 10A) is able to hydrolyze both cAMP and cGMP. PDE10A expression is induced in various human tumor cell lines, and PDE10A inhibition suppresses tumor cell growth. Chemotherapy drug such as doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used in chemotherapy. However, cardiotoxicity of DOX remains to be a serious clinical complication. In the current study, we aim to determine the role of PDE10A and the effect of PDE10A inhibition on cancer growth and cardiotoxicity induced by DOX.

Methods:

We used global PDE10A knockout (KO) mice and PDE10A inhibitor TP-10 to block PDE10A function. DOX-induced cardiotoxicity was evaluated in C57Bl/6J mice and nude mice with implanted ovarian cancer xenografts. Isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes and a human ovarian cancer cell line were used for in vitro functional and mechanistic studies.

Results:

We found that PDE10A deficiency or inhibition alleviated DOX-induced myocardial atrophy, apoptosis, and dysfunction in C57Bl/6J mice. RNA sequencing study revealed a number of PDE10A-regulated signaling pathways involved in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. PDE10A inhibition increased the death, decreased the proliferation, and potentiated the effect of DOX on various human cancer cells. Importantly, in nude mice with implanted ovarian cancer xenografts, PDE10A inhibition attenuated tumor growth while protecting DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. In isolated cardiomyocytes, PDE10A contributed to DOX-induced cardiomyocyte death via increasing Top2β (topoisomerase 2β) expression, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage by antagonizing cGMP/PKG (protein kinase G) signaling. PDE10A contributed to cardiomyocyte atrophy via potentiating FoxO3 (forkhead box O3) signaling via both cAMP/PKA (protein kinase A)- and cGMP/PKG-dependent signaling.

Conclusions:

Taken together, our study elucidates a novel role for PDE10A in cardiotoxicity induced by DOX and cancer growth. Given that PDE10A has been already proven to be a safe drug target, PDE10A inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer therapy, with effects preventing DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and simultaneously antagonizing cancer growth.
NT‐proBNP and All‐Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in US Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Echouffo‐Tcheugui Justin B. , Zhang Sui , Daya Natalie , McEvoy John W. , Tang Olive , Juraschek Stephen P. , Ndumele Chiadi E. , Coresh Josef , Christenson Robert H. , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: May 2023

Background

NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) is strongly associated with mortality in patients with heart failure. Prior studies, primarily in middle‐aged and older populations, have suggested that NT‐proBNP has prognostic value in ambulatory adults.

Methods and Results

We conducted a prospective cohort analysis of adults, aged ≥20 years, in the nationally representative 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, to characterize the association of NT‐proBNP with mortality in the general US adult population overall and by age, race and ethnicity, and body mass index. We used Cox regression to characterize associations of NT‐proBNP with all‐cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality through 2019, adjusting for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. We included 10 645 individuals (mean age, 45.7 years; 50.8% women; 72.8% White adults; 8.5% with a self‐reported history of CVD). There were 3155 deaths (1009 CVD‐related) over a median 17.3 years of follow‐up. Among individuals without prior CVD, elevated NT‐proBNP (≥75th percentile [81.5 pg/mL] versus <25th percentile [20.5 pg/mL]) was associated with a significantly higher risk of all‐cause (hazard ratio [HR], 1.67 [95% CI, 1.39–2.00]) and CVD mortality (HR, 2.87 [95% CI, 1.61–5.11]). Associations of NT‐proBNP with all‐cause and CVD mortality were generally similar across subgroups defined by age, sex, race and ethnicity, or body mass index (all
P
interaction >0.05).

Conclusions

In a representative sample of the US adult population, NT‐proBNP was an important independent risk factor for all‐cause and CVD mortality. NT‐proBNP may be useful for monitoring risk in the general adult population.
Neurovascular Uncoupling Is Linked to Microcirculatory Dysfunction in Regions Outside the Ischemic Core Following Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Staehr Christian , Giblin John T. , Gutiérrez‐Jiménez Eugenio , Guldbrandsen Halvor Ø. , Tang Jianbo , Sandow Shaun L. , Boas David A. , Matchkov Vladimir V.
Published: May 2023

Background

Normal brain function depends on the ability of the vasculature to increase blood flow to regions with high metabolic demands. Impaired neurovascular coupling, such as the local hyperemic response to neuronal activity, may contribute to poor neurological outcome after stroke despite successful recanalization, that is, futile recanalization.

Methods and Results

Mice implanted with chronic cranial windows were trained for awake head‐fixation before experiments. One‐hour occlusion of the anterior middle cerebral artery branch was induced using single‐vessel photothrombosis. Cerebral perfusion and neurovascular coupling were assessed by optical coherence tomography and laser speckle contrast imaging. Capillaries and pericytes were studied in perfusion‐fixed tissue by labeling lectin and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor β. Arterial occlusion induced multiple spreading depolarizations over 1 hour associated with substantially reduced blood flow in the peri‐ischemic cortex. Approximately half of the capillaries in the peri‐ischemic area were no longer perfused at the 3‐ and 24‐hour follow‐up (45% [95% CI, 33%–58%] and 53% [95% CI, 39%–66%] reduction, respectively;
P
<0.0001), which was associated with contraction of an equivalent proportion of peri‐ischemic capillary pericytes. The capillaries in the peri‐ischemic cortex that remained perfused showed increased point prevalence of dynamic flow stalling (0.5% [95% CI, 0.2%–0.7%] at baseline, 5.1% [95% CI, 3.2%–6.5%] and 3.2% [95% CI, 1.1%–5.3%] at 3‐ and 24‐hour follow‐up, respectively;
P
=0.001). Whisker stimulation at the 3‐ and 24‐hour follow‐up led to reduced neurovascular coupling responses in the sensory cortex corresponding to the peri‐ischemic region compared with that observed at baseline.

Conclusions

Arterial occlusion led to contraction of capillary pericytes and capillary flow stalling in the peri‐ischemic cortex. Capillary dysfunction was associated with neurovascular uncoupling. Neurovascular coupling impairment associated with capillary dysfunction may be a mechanism that contributes to futile recanalization. Hence, the results from this study suggest a novel treatment target to improve neurological outcome after stroke.
A new plant-parasitic nematode species associated with coffee, Rotylenchus bunae n. sp. (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) from Jimma, Ethiopia
Authors: Singh Phougeishangbam Rolish , Aseffa Abebe Woldesenbet , Hajihassani Abolfazl , Karssen Gerrit , Bert Wim , Meressa Beira Hailu
Published: May 2023

Rotylenchus bunae n. sp. was discovered in the coffee rhizosphere in Gera district of Jimma, Ethiopia, and has been morphologically and molecularly characterised. The new species is identified by a female body length of 725-876 μm, hemispherical lip region with 4-5 lip annuli, stylet length of 28-30 μm, lateral field areolation only in the pharyngeal region, no cuticular striations, pharyngeal gland overlapping intestine dorsally by 15-26 μm, double epiptygma, no clear spermathecae, vulva position at 54-58% of body length from anterior end, prominent fasciculi in mid and posterior body, rounded or sometimes slightly truncated, coarsely crenated tail with 11-13 annuli, and phasmids located at 7-16 annuli anterior to anus. No males were detected. This species was found closely related to other African Rotylenchus species, such as R. unisexus and R. wimbii; however, it could be well separated from them by both morphology and molecular data (D2-D3 of 28S and partial 18S of rDNA).
Between Abstraction and Materiality: Carlos Villa and the Politics of Asian American Art
Authors: Lee Chaeeun
Published: May 2023

In the 1970s and early 1980s, Filipino American artist Carlos Villa developed a set of experimental methods and idioms—namely, abstraction, abject sensibility, and intense materiality—that would accompany his renewed interest in self-identity and community expression. While these strategies coincided with the broader artistic tendency of the 1960s and ’70s toward unconventional materiality and a deliberately indecorous sensibility, Villa’s far-reaching concern for the racialized condition of Filipinx America compels a reconsideration of his work vis-à-vis the historical and discursive contexts of Filipinx America. This article combines formal analysis with readings from Filipinx/Asian American studies and critical theory to argue that Villa’s experimental methods expose and reroute the multifarious ways in which Filipinx America has been subjected to the violence of the visual regimes of colonialism and modernity. They reorient the predicaments of Filipinx America towards imagining alternative modes of existence and possibilities of freedom, and a rethinking of the politics of Asian American art.
On Tehching Hsieh’s Disappearance: Interrupting the Prevailing Narratives of the Artworld
Authors: Yee Michelle
Published: May 2023

In the Clinton Hill neighbourhood of Brooklyn, New York, sits a nondescript eatery called The Market. The restaurant, like many small New York City restaurants, is unremarkable. Little evidence exists to capitalize on the reputation of its owner, famed performance artist Tehching Hsieh. This article examines Tehching Hsieh’s The Market as a continuation of the artist’s renowned oeuvre to consider how the restaurant might represent Hsieh’s lifelong negotiation of the boundary between art and life. By examining the restaurant as a continuation of Hsieh’s work, I consider how understandings of Hsieh’s life and work are constructed upon binaries of immigrant idealism and art world genius, which exemplify the tension between artistry and livelihoods. In arguing that The Market represents a full collapse of art and life, I consider how the restaurant both refuses such binaries and continues the interrogations of labour, withdrawal, and repetition that are present in Hsieh’s lifeworks.
Sonic Infidelities: Performing Time, Space, and Nonalignment in Hương Ngô’s In the Shadow of the Future
Authors: Phan Justin Quang Nguyên
Published: May 2023

Critics have long pointed out that there was nothing “cold” about the Cold War—its wars extended as hot proxy wars impacting spaces outside of the Eastern and Western Blocs. Treating the Cold War as a metaphor, this article analyzes how interdisciplinary artist Hương Ngô mobilizes “sonic performances of infidelities,” a term I use to draw attention to how diasporic bodies reject the polarizing discourses of the Cold War in spatial, temporal, and epistemological terms. By noting how Ngô employs the visual, sonic, and performative, this article identifies how Ngô’s sonic performances of infidelity ultimately construct an alternative to the Cold War that pulls from her feminist refugee aesthetic repertoire; enunciates from the specificity of Vietnamese diasporic life; and is, moreover, in spirited dialogue with the long historical and internationalist ethos of nonalignment.
Thinking and Practicing Like a Scientist?
Authors: Zhang Zhengyan , Chen Ying-Chih , He Guangxi , She Hsiao-Ching , Chen Jhih-Cheng
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable instrument, the Mental Images of Scientists Questionnaire (MISQ), and use the instrument to examine Chinese students’ mental images of scientists’ characters across school levels, regions, living settings, and gender. The final version of the MISQ consisted of four constructs: scientists’ cognitive, affective, lifestyle, and job characters. The results showed that senior high school students gave higher scores for scientists’ cognitive character construct than junior high and elementary school students did. Students from eastern regions, which have a more highly developed economy, gave the highest scores on cognitive and affective character constructs of scientists. Students from western regions, which have a less developed economy, had a relatively negative impression of scientists. Students’ images of scientists’ affective, lifestyle, and job characters were positively correlated with their interests in pursuing scientific careers. Future research to explore the relationships between students’ mental images of scientists’ characters and students’ motivation to pursue science-related careers or to engage in scientific practices are recommended.
A Review of Machine Learning for Convective Weather
Authors: McGovern Amy , Chase Randy J. , Flora Montgomery , Gagne David J. , Lagerquist Ryan , Potvin Corey K. , Snook Nathan , Loken Eric
Published: May 2023

We present an overview of recent work on using artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) techniques for forecasting convective weather and its associated hazards, including tornadoes, hail, wind, and lightning. These high-impact phenomena globally cause both massive property damage and loss of life, yet they are very challenging to forecast. Given the recent explosion in developing ML techniques across the weather spectrum and the fact that the skillful prediction of convective weather has immediate societal benefits, we present a thorough review of the current state of the art in AI and ML techniques for convective hazards. Our review includes both traditional approaches, including support vector machines and decision trees, as well as deep learning approaches. We highlight the challenges in developing ML approaches to forecast these phenomena across a variety of spatial and temporal scales. We end with a discussion of promising areas of future work for ML for convective weather, including a discussion of the need to create trustworthy AI forecasts that can be used for forecasters in real time and the need for active cross-sector collaboration on testbeds to validate ML methods in operational situations.

Significance Statement

We provide an overview of recent machine learning research in predicting hazards from thunderstorms, specifically looking at lightning, wind, hail, and tornadoes. These hazards kill people worldwide and also destroy property and livestock. Improving the prediction of these events in both the local space as well as globally can save lives and property. By providing this review, we aim to spur additional research into developing machine learning approaches for convective hazard prediction.
Refugee Labor Market Access Increases Support for Immigration
Authors: Hager Anselm , Hilbig Hanno , Riaz Sascha
Published: May 2023

Does the economic integration of refugees affect public attitudes toward migration? We assess this pertinent question by examining a policy change in Germany, where the government significantly eased labor market access for refugees in the majority of the country. Using administrative employment data, we show that the policy led to a substantial increase in refugee employment, while natives’ wages and employment rates remained unaffected. The policy also had a positive effect on natives’ attitudes toward migration. Voters exposed to more refugees in the labor market were two percentage points more likely to vote for pro-migration parties across both state and federal elections. Additional survey analyses suggest that our results are driven by positive native–refugee interactions in the workplace.