bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Surface Reconstruction Method for Noisy Cloud Points Based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: Yu Da Li
Published: June 2014

This study proposes a novel suface reconstruction method. Surface reconstruction based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a hot topic in the field of 3D surface construction. But it is difficult to apply this method to noisy cloud points and its running time is very long. In this paper, firstly, Fuzzy c-means (FCM) is used to delete the large-scale noise, and then a feature-preserved non-uniform simplification method for cloud points is presented, which simplifies the data set to remove the redundancy while keeping down the features of the model. Finally, the surface is reconstructed from the simplified data using SVM. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that after the simplification, the performance of method for surface reconstruction based on SVM is improved greatly as well as the details of the surface are preserved well.
Study of Organic Solar Cells Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Chun Lin
Published: June 2014

Organic solar cells as a new photoelectric conversion device have great potentiality, and it has attracted more and more attention. This paper briefly reviews operating principle, structure and classification of organic solar cells, and analyzes some factors affecting photoelectric conversion efficiency of organic solar cells, finally prospects the broad prospects of development of organic solar cells.
An Energy-Aware Dynamic Algorithm Based on Variable Interval DVFS Technology
Authors: Xu Cheng , Xiao Jun , Zeng Li Ning , Liu Yan , Peng Man Man
Published: June 2014

. Nowadays, embedded system has been integrated into the various fields of people's life. The contradiction between energy efficiency and time efficiency is more and more seriously. A system with DVFS module can relieve this contradiction. But a lot of researches witch concern about it has kinds of defects. This paper designed a new energy consumption model for a DVFS system and a new simple multi-phase task module for the task generating and processing. Then a dynamic DVFS method was designed to run in our platform with kinds of different types of tasks. We introduced a mechanism with dynamic frequency update interval into our method, and proved that in most cases it can achieve better energy efficiency than other two algorithms which use a fixed frequency update interval. Meanwhile, it can hold the similar time efficiency to the algorithm which makes the best time efficiency in them.
Morphological Study of Bacterial Cellulose (BC)/Polyvinil Alcohol (PVA) Nanocomposite as Bone Scaffold
Authors: Abidin Akhmad Zainal , Graha Hafis Pratama Rendra
Published: June 2014

This research describes morphological aspect of BC-PVA nanocomposite asscaffold for bone tissue that was synthesized by adding PVA to Gluconacetobacterxylinus fermentation medium. PVA concentrationswere varied as 0,3,6,9, and 12 % (w/v) of the medium. The culture was agitated with magnetic stirrer for 28 days. Freeze drying was then conducted to obtain dry BC/PVA nanocomposite. Some nanocomposite samples subjected to sonication treatments. The morphology of BC-PVA nanocomposite was examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) whileits surface area and pore characteristic were determined by nitrogen adsorption of BJH method (BET device). SEM images showed the smallest fiber diameter of approximately 35 nm andnanocomposite surface that was smoother with higher PVA content in the fermentation medium. The sonicationtreatmentcould enhance nanocomposite surface area from 17,2 m2/g to 72,7 m2/g for pure BC sample and from 9,9 m2/g to 14,3 m2/g for 12% PVA sample. BC/PVA nanocompisite had smaller pore diameter than pure BC and its size increased with more PVA content in the fermentation medium.PVA could modify BC morphology bymakinga hindrance on cellulose nanofiber sothat fiber agglomeration could be avoided andthe sonicationtreatmentshowedto enhance this phenomena.
Control of 2D Minimally Persistent Formations with the Fault Tolerance of Three Co-Leaders in Cycle
Authors: Cao Hu , Qu Qiang , Ying Xiao Kun , Liu Yang , Su Zhen , Ma Tao , Li Hong , Xu Bo Qing , Zhao Rui Ying , Liu Ying Li , Zhang Yi Jian , Xing Ying
Published: June 2014

This paper mainly addresses a novel control law with rigidity matrix based on three co-leaders minimally persistent formations in the plane. This control law particularly considers the fault tolerance of the leaders, and in this way, the three co-leaders model is better than leader-first follower model, leader-remote follower model, etc. in persistent formation. Firstly, the first order kinematic model is adopted for every agent. Then the fundamental moving principal of the leaders and the followers are described in detail. On the basis of these principals, the control law with the rigidity matrix for the whole formation is proposed. Moreover, the stability analysis is also supplied. Finally, simulations show that the proposed controllers ensure the group formation stabilized to maintain the rigid shape, while the distances between the agents remain unchanged.
Virtual Experiment Platform of Automatic Control Principle Based on MATLAB/Simscape
Authors: Yuan Wen Jie
Published: June 2014

This paper give a new method that the virtual experimental platform of automatic control principle is built by using relevant modules based on the software of MATLAB/Simscape. Taking the analysis of unit step response and characteristic curves drawing of frequency response of second-order system for example,the design course of virtual experimental platform and the using method are illuminated in details. Furthermore, the accuracy of the running result from the platform is analyzed by using automatic control principle. The results show that the simulation experiment process at the virtual experiment platform is the same as actual process. It can improve the experiment efficiency and solve the problem of high cost and low efficiency while doing an experiment at the actual experiment platform.
Application of Fuzzy Immune PID Controller Based on Particle Swarm Optimization in Power Plant Steam Temperature Control System
Authors: Hu Fei , Zhou Wu Neng
Published: June 2014

Power plant steam temperature control has characteristics of long delay and great inertia, a new method is proposed by analyzing above-mentioned problems and existing control methods on this paper. The method consists of an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and a fuzzy immune PID controller. In addition, simulation results of PID, traditional fuzzy immune PID and fuzzy immune PID based on PSO are presented and compared. Fuzzy immune PID Control based on PSO has advantages of short adjustment time, quicker response time, better anti-interference ability and more stability. It can reduce the fluctuation of power plant steam temperature, and has better control performance and practical value.
Heavy-Duty Car Multi-Body Dynamics Simulation and Optimization Research
Authors: Cai Meng , Gu Liang
Published: June 2014

TIn this paper, according to the structure characteristics and using characteristics of heavy duty truck, we use the principle of vehicle dynamics and simulation analysis method to deeply study the dynamic characteristics of heavy duty truck. And we also use the heavy duty model to carry on the optimization simulation and experimental validation for riding smoothness and handling stability. So as to guide the development and design of heavy duty truck, to get the purpose of control the dynamic performance and shorten the development cycle.
Recognition of Lanes on Complex Roads Based on Video Image
Authors: Chen Rong Bao , Hou Wei , Li Yang , Ye Xiao Er , Ma Wu Yong
Published: June 2014

In the study of vehicle safety driving assistance system,one of the most important research is recognition of lanes on complex roads . This paper is based on theories of video image processing technology which divided close-range vision for the region and the regional after preprocessing the video image of the front. The technology use the improved method of Hough detecting close area lane and removing the double edge and pseudo-edge, which get lanes through linear fitting of close range area and curve fitting method to prospect area. It builds virtual lane model based on the prediction algorithm in fuzzy and bad visual conditions. We verified the correctness; effectiveness of this method through the experiment, this method has wide applications in the future.
Electrospun Porous ZnO Nanofibers for Glucose Biosensors
Authors: Huang Jing Yun , Zhao Ming Gang , Ye Zhi Zhen
Published: June 2014

Porous 1 dimensional (1D) ZnO nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning technology and sequent annealing process. The ZnO nanofibers have many nanopores in it and connect to each other to form a porous film. The diameters of the nanofibers are about 100 nm, and their lengths are so long as tens of millimeters. Owing to the porous nanofibers based matrix has 1D channels and high isoelectric point, the prepared ZnO porous film is wonderful platform to immobilize glucose oxidase enzyme for glucose biosensing. The as-fabricated biosensor exhibited high sensitivity (69 μA/mMcm-2), fast response (3 s) and low detection limit (10 μM), due to the nanomaterial with large surface-to-volume ratio for enzyme immobilization and excellent electrical properties. The biosensors can be fabricated controllably and repeatedly. These excellent results indicate the biosensors are attractive for application.
Ultrasonic Tomographic Velocity Field Imaging Based on Interlaced Chord Network
Authors: Liu Jian Nan , Wang Bo Xiong , Cui Yuan Yuan , Wang Hao Yuan
Published: June 2014

Ultrasonic velocity tomography is a novel technique for velocity field measurement with the advantages of being non-invasive and insensitive to fluid properties. But its application is limited by poor spatial resolution. Thus, a novel ultrasonic velocity tomography method based on an interlaced chord network is proposed in this paper. To form the interlaced chord network, transducers are installed at two mounting planes of the pipe with N transducers on each plane, and 2×N transducers are equally spaced along the pipe circumference. In particular, N is selected to be an odd number to avoid blind zone. The average velocity on each chord is scanned in a fan-beam mode and used as projection data for velocity field reconstruction. The projection data are rearranged into a parallel beam mode and interpolated at a uniform interval. A filtered back projection algorithm is employed for 2-dimensional reconstruction of the velocity field. Numerical simulation experiments show that, the spatial resolution is improved obviously by the interlaced chord network without introducing extra transducers and 13 transducers on each mounting plane are enough for actual velocity field imaging downstream a single-bend pipe.
Manipulator of a Platform Type Robot SHOLKOR
Authors: Sholanov Korganbay S.
Published: June 2014

It is paper we propose a new structure of parallel manipulator of platform type robot, obtained on the basis of a topological model of kinematic pair. Implementation of the created structural scheme [1] needed multilink spherical connections [2]. Advantages of the obtained solution are demonstrated by the Example of the controlled manipulator of platform type robot SHOLKOR. This paper gives a solution of the direct kinematics problem on position, which became possible due to structural features. We showed the obtained results of computer modeling of spatial movement of motion platform.
Preparation and Characterization of Al2O3/PVDF-HFP Based Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Shi Hong , Zhu Qing
Published: June 2014

Al2O3/PVDF-HFP based polymer electrolyte was prepared by the phase transfer method with different mass ratios of organic solvent and non-organic solvent. The solid polymer electrolyte was characterized by means of SEM, FTIR and AC impedance methods. The results show that the optimum mass ratio of organic solvent to non-organic solvent is 1:0.3 and the optimum mass ratio of Al2O3is 7%. The liquid absorption rate of the polymer electrolyte is 225%. The lithium ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte at room temperature is about 1.75×10−3S·cm-1, and the LiCoO2/Al2O3/PVDF-HFP/Li cell has good cycle performance.
The Brainwave Concentration Analysis of Direction Recognition
Authors: Kao Fu Chien , Wang Shin Ping R. , Chen Chih Chia , Lin Yun Kai , Huang Chih Hsun
Published: June 2014

This research proposed a formula for calculating the concentration based on the view of cognitive neuroscience and a design of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) to show the strength of concentration when performing the direction recognition. The experiences proceeded by catching brainwave signals of human vision while sensing the test interfaces of graphics representing direction by brain-wave sensor and analyzed the characteristic frequency band of the brainwave related to direction recognition, then formulate the attention index of direction recognition based on the cognitive neuroscience. This research is to analyze and discuss every kind of brainwave frequency band characteristics while subjects recognize the directions; moreover, the proposed brain computer interface not only could demonstrate the strength of the subject's attention, but also could provide subject to play the contest of brainwave game with virtual computer player, providing the feasibility of future brainwave application development
Investigation of Au Plated Connector Materials in Corrosion and Sliding Environment
Authors: Kong Zhi Gang , Kong Yi Gang
Published: June 2014

Study shows that gold can resist the formation of insulating oxide films that could interfere with reliable contact operation. So the gold coatings are often used in the contacts of separable electrical connectors and other devices. In this article, the corrosion test method is carried to show the porosity of specimens in gold coatings and the testing procedure is based on JIS standards. In addition to corrosion atmosphere, there is a sliding between the contact surfaces of the connector, which would affect the resistance of the connector contact materials. This paper studies the complicated effects of the corrosion environment and sliding on the dynamic resistance of the contacts materials of Au plated. Series of inspections and analytical research methods are introduced in this article. The surface morphology of specimens after corrosion test is observed by stereoscopic microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Chemical constitution was examined by X-ray energy spectrum. The contact resistances were measured by four-point method. The experiment results show that after corrosion test by SO2with JIS corrosion test, the corrosion products appear islands-like spots on gold plating surface after corrosion test. The corrosion degree of gold plating specimens is decreased with the increase of the thickness of gold coatings. The results show that corrosion environment and sliding has a more complex and significant impact on the performance of the contact materials than single-factors, and the tests are closer to the real working environment.
Digital Image Technology – Based Simulation for Internal Components and Mechanical Behavior of Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Hu Bin , Zhang Xiao Ning
Published: June 2014

Digital image technology – based computer aided design for asphalt concrete is a new direction of asphalt pavement research. This paper focuses on description of research progress achieved by the author’s research institute in the direction, mainly including two-dimensional digital image technology – based research in the internal structure and volume of asphalt concrete, industrial CT-based identification of different substances in the asphalt concrete and acquisition of morphological characteristics for coarse aggregate and three-dimensional digital image technology – based virtual reconstruction of asphalt concrete and simple mechanical behavior simulation.
Research Progress in Pyrolysis of Low-Rank Coals under Different Conditions
Authors: Ding Shang Hui , Gu Mei Yu , Jia Ying Dong , Chang Teng Fei , Wang Ge , Tang Chu Yang
Published: June 2014

Coal is absolute dominance in reserves-to-production ratio terms. The development of fuels derived from pyrolysis of low-rank coals is beneficial to lower fossil fuels cost and greenhouse gas emissions. The research proposal briefly summarized energy situation and sustainable development strategy as they were by 2013 at first. Then some recent process in the understanding of the pyrolysis behaviors of coal was reviewed. The influencing factors of atmospheres, additives, and catalysts during coal pyrolysis will be followed to literature. The review paper on pyrolysis characteristics will achieve the development of advanced technologies for the clean and efficient utilization of low-rank coals
Synthesis of AgBr/Bi2WO6 Heterojunction with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities for Methyl Orange
Authors: Wang Dan Jun , He Xiao Mei , Guo Li , Fu Feng , Yue Lin Lin
Published: June 2014

AgBr nanoparticle decorated mesoporous Bi2WO6 architectures was fabricated via a facile precipitation-deposition process. As-prepared AgBr/Bi2WO6 heterojunction was characterized by XRD, FE-SEM and HR-TEM. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were evaluated by the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation. The results showed that AgBr nanoparticles decrodation great improved the photocatalytic activity of Bi2WO6. The 2.0at%AgBr/Bi2WO6 sample exhibited the best photocatalytic activity for decolorization of MO.Furthermore, the mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic activity for hierarchical AgBr/Bi2WO6 heterojunction was also discussed.
Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization for the Coal-Based Clean Liquid Fuel Synthesis Process
Authors: Li Chu Fu
Published: June 2014

This work makes thermodynamic analysis and optimization for the coal-based Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process. The thermodynamic analysis results show that under standard conditions the maximum effective carbon conversion is 50% from raw coal (CH0.8O0.1) to hydrocarbon products, and at least 50% carbon is converted into CO2emission in the coal-based FT process. Subsequently, a new coal-based FT synthesis process is proposed to get minimum water consumption, minimum wastewater emission and maximum energy efficiency. The process contains a pulverized coal gasification unit, water-gas-shift unit and iron-based FT synthesis unit with 50% CO2selectivity. The H2/CO molar ratio of fresh syngas to the FT synthesis unit is 0.5. The carbon and water footprints analysis results indicate that the effective carbon conversion from raw coal to hydrocarbon products is about 46.0%, and it only consumes 0.102 molar water and generates 0.032 molar wastewater when converts 1 molar coal to hydrocarbon products in the process.
Continuous Electricity Generation and Pollutant Removal from Swine Wastewater Using a Single-Chambered Air-Cathode Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Cheng Chiu Yu , Li Cheng Che , Chung Ying Chien
Published: June 2014

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) represents a new method for simultaneously swine wastewater treatment and electricity generation. However, few studies revealed the high electricity generation and pollutant removal using a large-scale single-chambered MFC in treating swine wastewater. Results indicated optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of swine wastewater was 8 d considering the removal efficiency and the power density. Under this condition, this MFC system removed 85.62% TCOD and 73.6% NH3 as well as achieved power density of 368 mW/m2. Results also showed the maximum power density of the MFC was 382.5±10.6 mW/m2 MFC at 350 Ω. TCOD concentration in the swine wastewater was limiting factor for power output. The maximum power density was Pmax= 385 mW/m2, with a half-saturation concentration of Ks=2,050 mg/l. To our knowledge, this is the first time to demonstrate the electricity characteristics of a large-scale single-chambered MFC in treating swine wastewater.
Study on Thermal Performance for Straw Fiber Concrete Hollow Block
Authors: Zhang Zu Peng , Zhu Shui Wen , Chen Guo Ping
Published: June 2014

In this paper, based on ansys studies for thermal performance of concrete hollow block which were conducted on the content of 5% and 15% of the straw plant fiber, and get temperature distribution and the law of heat of the blocks which suffer the load of convection, then calculate the mean coefficient of thermal conductivity and thermal resistance based on the data block obtained. The results show that mixed plant fiber can effectively improve thermal performance for the concrete hollow block,and better insulation effect,thus can provide the basis for the promotion of plant fiber building block materials.
The Weakening Effect of the Snow-Melting Agent on the Performance of Municipal Asphalt Pavement in the Severe Cold Region
Authors: Liu Yan Hui , Zhang Hong , Wang Xiao Long , Li Liang
Published: June 2014

According to the phenomenon that the road would get frozen during
the severe cold region in the high latitude area of Inner Mongolia, this paper study on low temperature crack resistance indexes of the asphalt pavement-the bending stiffness modulus, changing rules of stiffness modulus that is the low temperature anti-crack property index of the asphalt pavement, and bending failure characteristic. The rule changes with the density of the commonly used Chlorine salt snowmelt agent changes. Then the paper analyses how does the Chlorine salt snowmelt agent exert influences on the two kinds of aggregates of bituminous concrete. Finally, it is concluded that the snow-melting agent can weaken the performance of the asphalt pavement. The existing snow-melting agent will be replaced by Affordable and efficient pollution-free deicing in the future.
An Application of Dunaliella Salina Algae: Biodiesel
Authors: Yu Hai Tian , Tian Fu Li , Wang Hong Yu , Hu Ying Hui , Sheng Wan Li
Published: June 2014

Biodiesel has been receiving increasing attention as a potential sustainable fuel. It is used for diesel engines and is becoming well-known as an environmentally friendly fuel due to its non-toxic and biodegradable characteristics. As biodiesel production, Dunaliella salina algae could be an alternative raw material. Due to their high biomass productivity, rapid lipid accumulation, and ability to survive in saline water, algae has been identified as promising feedstocks for industrial-scale production of biodiesel [1]. The oil content of Dunaliella salina algae may exceed to 35%. Using two-step catalytic conversion, algae oil with high free fatty acid and triglyceride content was converted to biodiesel by esterification and transesterification. The conversion rate reached 98% under the ratio of 10:1 at 65°C for 2h,using catalysis with 2% solid superacid.
Through-and Out-Diffusion of Se(IV) and Re(VII) in Compacted Bentonite
Authors: Wang Hai , Wu Tao , Chen Jiang , Zhao Yao Lin , He Chao Hui , Li Jin Ying
Published: June 2014

Through-diffusion and out-diffusion are good way to understand anion diffusion behavior in compacted bentonite. In the present work we investigated Re (VII) and Se (IV) diffusion behavior in 2000 kg/m3 compacted GMZ bentonite. The De values of Re (VII) and Se (IV) are 0.29 ± 0.02 and 0.77 ± 0.05× 10-11 m2/s. The result obtained from out-diffusion method was not agreed with predicted data due to the heterogeneous porosity distribution in clay boundaries and species changed when the diffusion occurred in GMZ bentonite. Comparing the Da values of Se, Tc and I in GMZ and Kunigel-F bentonites, it showed that Kunigel-F bentonite hindered the mobilities of anion more efficiently than GMZ bentonite because of the higher content of montmorillonite.
Chemical Heat Storage with LiOH/LiOH·H2O Reaction for Low-Temperature Heat below 373 K
Authors: Kubota Mitushiro , Matsumoto Satoshi , Matsuda Hitoki , Huang Hong Yu , He Zhao Hong , Yang Xi Xian
Published: June 2014

There is a great demand on promotion of heat utilization below 373 K to establish highly-efficient energy system, because such heat is enormously unused and discharged from every process. Towards this demand, we have focused on chemical heat storage due to its high heat storage density. In this study, the promising inorganic hydrates were investigated for low-temperature heat storage with the differential scanning calorimetry. Consequently, it is found that lithium hydroxide monohydrate dehydrates at 337 K with endothermic heat of 1,440 kJ/kg-LiOH・H2O. Due to its high storage density and the simplicity of dehydration reaction, LiOH/LiOH・H2O reaction was chose as the most promising reaction for chemical heat storage below 373 K. From the chemical equilibrium calculation, this reaction system is found to be more suitable for chemical heat storage than chemical heat pump. Fundamental study of dehydration behavior of LiOH・H2O was also performed with a thermogravimetric analyzer, and the apparent activation energy of dehydration of LiOH・H2O was determined to be 51.7 kJ/mol in the conversion ranges of 0.4-0.7.
Conversion and Species Distribution Characteristics of Arsenical Chemical Agent in the Soil Contaminated by Chemical Weapons Abandoned by Japan
Authors: Zhou Ting , Zhou Jian Mei , Zhou Li Ming , Zhang Wen Li , You Li Juan , Wang Xin Ming , Cao Jia Yin
Published: June 2014

In order to phytoremediation the soils contaminated by arsenical chemical weapons abandoned by Japan at some region of Jilin Province and ready for the estimate of the ecological safety, this paper analyzed organic species in soil with GC-MS, disscussed extraction and testing of inorganic arsenic in soil with hydrochloric acid, studied species of arsenic in soil such as available forms, valence state, and combined state, and inferred conversion process of arsenical chemical agent. The results indicate that after simple destroying and long time burial, almost all arsenical chemical agents in soil at this region are converted into inorganic arsenic due to explosion, burning, natural oxidation and microorganism, which primarily exists as As (V). Organic arsenic was only detected at where shells were buried (destroyed), in leaded shells and contaminated soil, with its content 3.65%~32.03%; Organic arsenic content of soil in other part is less than 10%. In contaminated soil of this region, water soluble arsenic and available arsenic extracted from disodium hydrogen phosphate take 0.81~2.58% and 7.49~15.96% of total arsenic respectively. Exchangeable As and binding As (Al-As, Fe-As, reducible As and Ca-As) take 40% of total arsenic, residual As takes 49.38~66.43%. The results may be used as basis for determining remedy methods and assessing ecological safety at this region.
The Linear Relationship between Concentrations and UV Absorbance of Nitrobenzene
Authors: Wu Dan , Zhang Kai Xiao
Published: June 2014

This paper researched the linear relationship between UV absorbance and concentrations of nitrobenzene. It used the UV-1700 UV/VIS spectroscopy to get the absorbance diagram and analyze it. Then it calculated the absorbance of maximum absorption peak and the absorbance integration in a wavelength interval. There is a linear relationship between absorbance and concentration, the correlation coefficient is 0.981 of the maximum absorption peaks and the concentrations, and the largest correlation coefficient between concentrations and the integration of absorbance is 0.995 with the wavelength interval of 235-245 nm, which is between the two absorption peaks of 210 nm and 270 nm. Therefore, it’s a good way to use integration of absorbance in the middle of two absorption peaks to measure the concentration of nitrobenzene, which is more accurate and reliable.
Study on Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development of Sports Tourism in China
Authors: Shen Ke Yin , Kou Xian Juan
Published: June 2014

Sports tourism and the ecological environment is the symbiotic relationship, sports tourism has positive effects on the environment, but also have a negative impact. The pollution of the environment of sports tourism process intensifies, directly restricts the sustainable development of sports. With the improvement of living standard of the Chinese people and sports undertaking are growing stronger, sports tourism is an unprecedented momentum of development. However, with the rapid development of sports tourism, sports tourism impact on the ecological environment has become increasingly prominent. This study explore to achieve external environment on sustainable development of sports tourism industry, practical basis, theoretical basis, construction of ecological environmental protection model, clear the relationship between various interest groups, based on the analysis of the atmosphere, water, noise and other pollution problems generated in the process of sports. Sustainable development of sports tourism will be realized by increasing government legislative norms and supervision, implemening scientific compensation mechanism, enhancing public environmental protection awareness, establishing and improving the ecological operation of measures.
Prospects of Biochar Technology in China Based on SWOT Analysis
Authors: She Yi Lin , Chen Lei
Published: June 2014

Application of biochars to soils is suggested as an effective way for improving soil quality and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, which has generated great interest for scientists and policy makers. However, studies of biochar mainly focused on the basic mechanisms of interactions between biochars and soils. The evaluation of macro development prospect of biochar technology in China is much limited. The method of SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat) analysis was used to evaluate the prospect of biochar technology in China. The results indicate that biochar technology has great advantages and potentials in carbon emission reduction, agricultural production improvement, environmental protection and the energy structure optimization. Still, some weaknesses and environmental risk also need to be carefully considered. Finally, some suggestions for the application and promotion of biochar technology in China were provided for development of biochar industry in China.
Pollution Analysis and Control of Non-Ferrous Metal Smelting Production
Authors: Xu Jian Lin , Feng Chong , Xi Guo Qiang , Niu Lei , Ju Chun Yan , Zhou Sheng Gang
Published: June 2014

With the development of modern industry, the environmental pollution problem caused by the non-ferrous metal smelting production process has become more and more serious. A lot of poisonous and harmful substances, which discharged in non-ferrous metal smelting process, enter soil via atmospheric deposition, waste residue infiltration and sewage irrigation, causing different levels of pollution of surrounding soil. In the paper, pollution sources, pollution situation and pollution harmfulness are analyzed in detail in non-ferrous metal smelting production process. Some pollution factors are concluded. Finally, some strategies and technology measures for controlling environmental pollution in non-ferrous metal smelting process are discussed.
Application and Development of Oxidation Ditch Process in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Wang Zheng Yang , Liu Chun Mei
Published: June 2014

The structure and the techniques of carrousel oxidation ditch process on nitrogen and phosphor removal are introduced in this paper. The problems in running and their corresponding resolve are also pointed. At last, the author showed the up to date research improvement and the mainly future research direction.
Characteristics of Soil Pollution Caused by Mining in Ion-Absorbed Rare Earth Mines and Crucial Issues of the Polluted Soil Restoration: A Case Study of Longnan Rare Earth Mines, South China
Authors: Liu Si Wen , Liu Xiao Duan , Tan Ke Yan , Huang Yuan Ying
Published: June 2014

Environmental problems have been caused by mining of ion-absorbed rare earth in South China, where chemical pollution in soil has been the most serious issues. There are rare earth mines in Longnan, Jiangxi Provence, South China as study object, where the investigation, sampling have been carried out and all samples were tested and analyzed. The results supported that key problems of polluted soil restoration in rare earth mining area are soil bad acidification and serious NH4+-N,NO3--N,NO2--N pollution. Limited factors of polluted soil restoration of rare earth mining area are presented. It is believe that adjusting pH values and denitrifying of the polluted soil in rare earth mining area and revegetation are feasible plan for soil restoration in rare earth mining area.
Experimental Study on Classification of High Carbon Fly Ash with a Hydrocyclone
Authors: Zhang Sheng Bing , Liu Yi , Zhang Yan Hong , Wang Hua Lin
Published: June 2014

The fly ash has a wide range of particles size and has a large amount of unburned carbon. As a raw material, the presence of the large particles and the unburned carbon will reduce the quality of the product. How to improve the utilization of fly ash has become one of focus points. In this work, hydrocyclone was adopted for classification after decarburization in a flotation column. Hydrocyclone showed a very good classification performance. In overflow, the particles were all smaller than 85μm. About 97.34% of the particles were smaller than 25 μm. Different fly ash content was selected to investigate its influence on the decarburization. The results showed that it made no obvious differences.
Extraction of Copper from the Precipitate Obtained by Purifying the Wash Water Formed in Refining Crude TiCl4
Authors: Pan Jian Ming , Liu Qiu Xiang , Wang Ming Yu , Wang Xue Wen
Published: June 2014

Copper is used to remove vanadium from crude TiCl4 in titanium sponge production which produces large wash water containing vanadium and copper. The precipitate containing copper and vanadium was formed from the wash water by oxidization and neutralization treatment. The vanadium in the precipitate can be recovered by NaOH leaching, after that, the cake containing copper was formed. The leaching of copper from the cake was investigated by H2SO4. Under the optimum leaching conditions (58% H2SO4 leaching for 30 min. at room temperature with a pulp density of 28.6%), the copper leaching could reach 90.4%.
Application of One-Dimensional Hydraulic Model for Flood Simulation in Yellow River Delta
Authors: Gu Xiao Wei , Yang Wen Li , Dong Guo Tao , Dang Su Zhen
Published: June 2014

Yellow River Delta had been extensively engineered to control flooding and to protect coastal development which leaded to wetlands destruction and severe water pollution. The Yellow River Conservancy Commission decided the water supplement to the wetland during the water and sediment regulation period in 2010. In order to study the water quantity and distribution simulation, one-dimensional SOBEK model was used to flood simulation in the Yellow River Delta. The Re of the daily water level at four stations for the calibration period were 0.6%, 2.3%, 2.9%, 7.0%,.which indicated that the simulated values matched very well with the observed values. The SOBEK model had predicted the water level volume in 2003 within the range of acceptable accuracy. It indicated that the one-dimensional method SOBEK model was suitable for the flood simulation.
Influence of Soil Texture on Soil-Water Characteristic Curves of Different Sandy Loam Layers
Authors: Hou Li Zhu , Wenninger Jochen , Li Xu Jie
Published: June 2014

Characteristic curves of soil moisture, between water content and matrix suction, are the basis for solving the problems of water flow and solute movement in soils. The soil–water characteristics of five layers of depths, 0–12 cm, 12–24 cm, 24–36 cm, 36–48 cm, and 48–60 cm, were measured for a sandy loam soil from Daxing District of Beijing in the northern part of the North China Plain by a pressure membrane apparatus. Curves were fitted using the Van Genuchten model. The fit between measured data and modeled results was excellent. The soil-water characteristic curves showed the typical Sshape of the Van Genuchten model. Matrix suction decreased with an increase in soil moisture; at low suctions, soil moisture content changed to a greater extent with suction, but at high suction, changes in soil moisture content with changes in suction were small. Clay content was proportional to soil water storage capacity and was inversely related to the speed of dehydration.
The Characters of the Capillary Water Rise and its Ecological Significance in Desert Lake-Basin Region, Northwest China
Authors: Pan Wang Sheng , Lu Yu Dong , Guo Jin Yan
Published: June 2014

Field observations, theoretical analyses and laboratory experiments indicated that the capillary fringe plays an important role in maintaining the ecological environment of desert salt lake. Taking Ulan Buh Desert as an example, this paper simulated capillary water rise process by using an experimental device and proposed ecological significance based on observation of 107 phreatic water wells.The results show that the theoretical maximum height of capillary water rise may reach 2.39m; velocity of capillary water rise is fast at first, and then is slow, it finally tends towards steady; the amount of capillary water rise may reach 34.4cm per unit area. Moisture content in vadose zone is inversely proportional to the summation of depth of groundwater and height of capillary water rise, if the depth of groundwater is within 1-8m. Characters of Capillary water rise determine the water supplying condition, further control the distribution pattern of the desert vegetation species.
Advances in Water Purification for Pond Freshwater Aquaculture
Authors: Ye Hao , Zhu Jian Qiang , Li Gu
Published: June 2014

Pond freshwater aquaculture, an important production mode, provides aquatic product for people, especially in south of China. Meanwhile, with the development of aquaculture technology of higher density and intensification, the environmental problem and pollution in freshwater pond have become even more acute. In this case, the water purification technology plays an important role in maintenance of the healthy aquaculture and there are a variety of water purification technologies in production practice. This paper is divided into four parts: a) the analysis of the causes of water quality deterioration in freshwater pond, b) the summary of water purification technologies in present, c) the brief analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the in-situ remediation and ex-situ remediation, d) the prospection of pond water purification technologies in the future.
The Performance of Au-Pd/Ni-Al-O for Heck Reaction
Authors: Wang Jun , Jia Mei Lin , Tuya Meng Gen , Wang Jiang , Bao Zhao Ri Ge Tu
Published: June 2014

Au-Pd alloy nanoparticles supported on Ni-Al mixed oxide were prepared by impregnation-reduction method. Characterizations of the catalysts were applied by X-ray diffraction and UV-Vis spectrum. The bimetallic catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic activity in Heck reaction under mild conditions. Due to the easy separation of solid catalyst, it is thought as environmental friendly and these catalysts will be potential material in the synthesis of fine chemistry.
Crop Decision Tree Classification Extraction Based on MODIS NDVI in Beijing
Authors: Dong Shi Wei , Sun Dan Feng , Li Hong
Published: June 2014

Time-series satellite images can reflect the seasonal variation from vegetation on land surface. Single cropping and double cropping were extracted by decision tree classification based on MODIS NDVI of Beijing in 2007, and spatial distribution of dominant crops in Beijing was obtained. The dominant crops of single cropping were maize, wheat and vegetable, and the overwhelming majority of crops with double cropping were wheat-maize. The results showed that this method could effectively determine the dominated crops in Beijing.
Sub-Module Controller and Sub-Module Steady-State Test Platform Design for MMC-HVDC
Authors: Zhang Bao Shun , Zhao Cheng Yong , Guo Chun Yi , Zhou Li Zhuan , Li Lin
Published: June 2014

Compared with Line-Commutated-Converter High Voltage Direct Current (LCC-HVDC), the primary and secondary systems of modular multilevel converter based HVDC (MMC-HVDC) are more complicated. And control and protection function of sub-module controller (SMC) have great influence on the operation of MMC-HVDC system. This paper investigates the design method of SMC and sub-module (SM) steady-state platform. First, the structure of the primary system and the electrical parameters of the 21-level MMC-HVDC are designed. Second, the architecture of the control system and SM fault protection strategy are proposed, and the control program is developed and debugged. Then SM steady-state test platform and the relevant control and protection are designed. Finally, the steady-state test and the system test of the physical MMC-HVDC simulation system are conducted. The test result shows that the sub-module is of good property and SMC can communicate with upper control layer efficiently, control and protect the SM efficiently.
Study on Large-Scale Distributed Power Access to Distribution Networks for the Impact of the Loss in the Power
Authors: Wang Bo Lun
Published: June 2014

Near the load of distribution network access distributed networks, the entire distribution network load distribution will change, system trend then change, then the trend of the distribution network can also be changed from the original "one-way flow" to "two-way flow". For synchronous generator connected to the power distribution network, the input active power and reactive power at the same time to the system, can reduce the loss and the voltage distribution network can play a supporting role, but for asynchronous induction generator connected to the power distribution network, the input to the system active power and reactive power absorption, reduce the power factor of the grid. By trend analysis found that introducing asynchronous induction generator to increase distribution network loss, deterioration in transmission line voltage level. Distributed generators after introducing the distribution network could reduce may also increase the system network loss.
A Novel Shapley Solution for Power System Loss Allocation Under Hybrid Transaction Modes
Authors: Wu Xiao Teng , Qin Li Jun
Published: June 2014

The allocation of power system loss under hybrid transmission modes was investigated. First, a concept and method for converting a bilateral transaction into its two equivalents pool transactions were proposed. Then, a model based on Shapley value was designed to allocate the power system loss in the framework of equivalent pool transactions. The Shapley solution in cooperative game theory was employed to allocate the power system loss to each load pool transaction that includes the equivalent ones. The proposed method is applicable for electricity markets containing pool and bilateral transactions. It satisfies electric circuit laws and provides economic signals to users. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the IEEE 5-bus test system.
An Approach of Wavefront Identification for Traveling Wave Fault Location Based on Harris Corner Detector
Authors: Zhang Guang Bin , Shu Hong Chun , Yu Ji Lai
Published: June 2014

Wavefront identification is important for traveling based fault location. In order to improve its reliability, a novel wavefront identification method based on Harris corner detector has been proposed in this paper. The principle of single-ended traveling wave fault location was briefly introduced at first, and the features of wavefronts generated by faults on transmission lines were analyzed. The arrival of traveling waves' wavefronts is considered as corner points in digital image of waveshape. The corner points can be extracted precisely by Harris corner detector, and both false corner points and non-fault caused disturbance can be eliminated according to the calculated distance between two neighbour corner points and the angle of the corner point. The proposed method is proved feasible and effective by digital simulated test.
Analysis of UHV Power Grid Operation and Maintenance System Construction and Optimization Strategy - Taking Shan-Xi UHV Grid as an Example
Authors: Duan Ding Qiang , Jiao Li Ting
Published: June 2014

Compared with the traditional power grid, UHV power grid has the character of stronger system function, higher control requirement, and also set a higher request to the daily maintenance management. The operation and maintenance experience of Shan-xi province electric power company on the UHV power grid proved the importance of establishing the new mode of management, strengthening the application of automation technology, and guarenteeing the technology and resources . In order to improve the efficience and quality of UHV power grid operation and maintenance, we should speed up the formulation of operation guidelines for UHV live working and strengthen personnel training and reserve technical talents.
PFC Voltage Loop of Visual Design
Authors: Liu Ping , Diao Wan Yu , Shi Huan Huan , Huang Sheng Yan
Published: June 2014

Build a mathematical model by using the voltage loop of UCC28019 to get open loop transfer function. And use MATLAB to obtain variable range of voltage loop parameter when system is stable, in the mean time, use system time domain performance as objective function to optimize the parameter, based on system stability. The user can get better parameters on the three-dimensional image clearly and directly, for there is no complex formula and theoretical derivation in process of optimizing. Hardware circuit experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Research on Application of Multi-Agent System in the Concentration Forecast of Dissolved Gases in Transformer Oil
Authors: Li Bin , Li Xue Bin , Yu Zai Ming
Published: June 2014

In view of the research in the existing forecast model and transformer DGA methods, this paper presents the collaborative model of intelligent concentration forecast of dissolved gases in transformer oil based on multi-Agent system, for improving the predictability of transformer fault. It presents the main function of each Agent, blackboard and JADE bus in this model, discusses the collaborative process of intelligent concentration forecast of dissolved gases in transformer oil based on multi-Agent system, and designs a combination forecasting architecture and a method of composition forecasting. Finally it indicates the feasibility and effectiveness of the intelligent concentration forecast model of dissolved gases in transformer oil based on multi-Agent system according to the application examples.
Dynamic Aggregation Method of Induction Motors Based on Coherent Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Jian , Yuan Xiao Dong
Published: June 2014

Parameters of induction motors have crucial effects on power system simulation. This paper proposes a dynamic aggregation method of induction motors. In this method, firstly, starting off the electromechanical models of induction motors, taking the coefficients of the electromechanical equations and steady state slips of motors as the characteristic vectors, motors are grouped with fuzzy C-means clustering method. Then, electromechanical equations of the equivalent motor are obtained by averaging that of the individual motors in the same group. Finally, parameters of equivalent motors are calculated based on the relationship of transient impedance before and after aggregation, and the principle that active and reactive power loads are equal before and after aggregation. Simulation results show that the proposed method can improve the precision of simulation
The Research of Servo Motor Control Strategies for the Mobile Gantry Milling Machine
Authors: Li Fang Yuan
Published: June 2014

It is known for the traditional milling machine in operation at low speed and efficiency. This paper describes the research of servo motor control strategies for the mobile gantry milling machine. The principles of AC servo motor dynamics, master-slave servo control, and adaptive-neuro fuzzy inference system based on controller are illustrated. Using these strategies when the master servo motor is interference by the external signal, the reference speed of the slave servo motor can follow just like the master motor. Finally the mechanical coupling can be eliminated and the mechanical damage can be avoided.