bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 in Africa: a comparative analysis of early policy responses
Authors: Sotola David Olusegun , Pillay Pregala , Gebreselassie Hafte
Published: March 2021

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has caused turmoil around the world. In Africa, some similarities and differences could be observed in the nature of the outbreak and the policy responses across the continent. This article discusses the policy responses and reflects on their effectiveness as a containment strategy. We speculate on why these strategies seem to work or not, and the lessons therein. The analysis also examines the setting up of crisis teams and whether they indicate lack of trust in the existing public administration system. The article argues that though South African cases and testing diverged significantly from the rest of the continent, a wider similarity can be observed in pandemic management across the continent. The article identifies some factors including quick and early measures, recent experience managing epidemic/health crises, and a display of some form of community resilience acquired over years of living in a state of poor governance as some of the important factors in the management of the pandemic. We find there is a dearth of scholarship on crisis management in the context of public administration and suggest this should be an object of future study in the field. The use of ad-hoc crisis teams that assume emergency powers is a common practice, but there is insufficient rigorous analysis to show their effectiveness and impact on existing bureaucratic institutions.
Multi-level governance tackling the COVID-19 pandemic in China
Authors: Santos Niedja de Andrade e Silva Forte dos
Published: March 2021

Abstract This paper investigates China’s leadership over intergovernmental and private actions in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies sectors, levels, and roles played. The main argument is that successful control over the pandemic depends on effective and integrated leadership at different levels. The conceptual, theoretical, and analytical framework is given by the multi-level governance theory. Through a case study, the actions adopted in China (n = 374) were mapped from reports issued by the Chinese government, the World Health Organization, and media information. Content analysis was adopted to categorize data. Quantitative and qualitative findings show different roles of actors, as well as usefulness of the multi-level governance to provide fast and complex responses required during the pandemic. In the last section, the conclusion and recommendations for future research are addressed. The lack of studies on the application of multi-level governance in non-democratic regimes especially during a pandemic indicates the relevance and contribution of this study to the literature.
How does a populist government interpret and face a health crisis? Evidence from the Mexican populist response to COVID-19
Authors: Renteria Cesar , Arellano-Gault David
Published: March 2021

Abstract In 2020, governments were faced with addressing the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, without certainty about what would work best to reduce the health crisis without ruining the economy. Through all the uncertainty, national governments based their responses to COVID-19 on beliefs and political ideas, which was reflected on the diversity of the responses: liberal, authoritarian, centralized, decentralized, transparent, or opaque. In this article we focus on one of these responses, populism, and seek to understand how populist beliefs drive bureaucratic actions taken by a populist government to handle the health crisis. We conducted a comparative case study between the Mexican populist federal government and the non-populist Jalisco state government. Our findings suggest that the administrative actions chosen by the Mexican populist government were based on negative beliefs towards expert scientific knowledge from outside the government; a disinterest in searching for more information from distant or unfamiliar sources; and a strengthening of flagship programs as the main way to address the upcoming economic crisis. We also found that the Mexican government shows a peculiar manifestation of populism, which we refer as downsizing populism. Our article advances our understanding about how populism may affect the form and function of bureaucracies.
Forage yield, structural responses and chemical composition of spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana in different water depths and irrigation frequencies
Authors: Pereira Juliana de Souza , Cavalcante Anderson Barbosa , Simões Welson Lima , Voltolini Tadeu Vinhas
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT: The objective was to evaluate the effects of water depths and irrigation frequencies on structural responses, forage yield and chemical composition of spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw), in adensed crop system. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in subdivided plots (3x4) with 4 replicates. The water depths were (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of ETc - crop evapotranspiration) and three water application frequencies (7; 14 and 28 days between irrigations). There was interaction for water use efficiency (WUE) and plant dry mass. Increasing water depths reduced WUE for all irrigation frequencies and plant dry mass was lower for 7 days compared to 14 and 28 days in 25% ETc. Greater water depths increased linearly the plant height and plant width. First and second order cladode length, second order cladode dry mass (kg), fresh mass yield (FMY) (kg ha-1) and dry mass yield (DMY) (kg ha-1) had a quadratic response with the increase in water depth. The FMY and DMY increased up to 77% and 75% ETc, respectively. Irrigation frequency (28 days) promoted greater first order cladode length and cladode dry mass compared to 7 days. Cladode thickness in plant and basal cladode thickness were greater for 7 days compared to 28 days and 14 and 28 days, respectively, without influence on FMY and DMY. Irrigation frequencies from 7 to 28 days promotes similar forage production and water depths up to 77% ETc favors the forage yield for spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana receiving supplemental irrigation.
FEMINISMO NEGRO E PENSAMENTO INTERSECCIONAL: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA AS PESQUISAS DAS CULTURAS INFANTIS
Authors: Santiago Flavio , Faria Ana Lúcia Goulart de
Published: March 2021

RESUMO O presente artigo tem por objetivo, a partir do pensamento feminista negro, contribuir com os estudos da produção das culturas infantis, referentes à participação das crianças desde a pequena infância na construção da realidade social, trazendo para a cena as crianças com idade entre 0 a 3 anos, do coletivo infantil de uma creche pública, e as suas reinterpretações a respeito das intersecções entre as práticas racistas e sexistas. Traremos para discussão as crianças pequenininhas, negras e brancas, suas resistências e suas transgressões, que tensionam as hierarquias patriarcais e racistas. Construindo outros modos de se viver no mundo, por meio de suas brincadeiras, elas lançam outros olhares para as relações vigentes na sociedade e desafiam o poder adultocêntrico que pretende calá-las.
A method for the synthesis of neural regulators for linear objects
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Romannikov Dmitry
Published: March 2021

The article proposes a method for the synthesis of a neural controller for closed-loop systems with linear objects. The scientific novelty of the proposed method lies in the fact that the neural controller, to the input of which the object state vector is fed, must be trained to stabilize in one of the possible desired values, and to ensure regulation in other desired values. For objects with an inaccessible state vector, it is possible to use the estimation vector of the object state vector. It is proposed to proportionally decrease/increase the signal of the state vector and increase/decrease the control signal formed by the neural regulator. Also, other advantages of the proposed method include: 1) the absence of the need for training on several desired values, which greatly simplifies and accelerates the training of the neural network, and also eliminates control errors in the range of values for which the neural controller was not trained; 2) the possibility of learning from an initially unstable state of a closed-loop system. The proposed method for the synthesis of a neural controller for a closed-loop system with a linear object was tested on the example of the synthesis of a controller for an object 1/s 3, which is unstable. A neural network is used as a regulator, which is proposed to be trained using one of the reinforcement learning methods (in the article, the Deterministic Policy Gradient method allowed us to obtain the best results). The resulting graphs of transient processes allow us to conclude about its successful application. The article ends with conclusions and considerations about further lines of research, which include the quality of the transient process and the possibility of adjusting it by changing the reward function, which will allow setting the graphs of transient processes.
A neural network model for short-term forecasting of electricity generation by solar power plants
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Tyunkov Dmitry , Gritsay Alexander ,   Omsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Sapilova Alina ,   Omsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Blokhin Alexandr ,   Omsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Rodionov Viktor ,   Omsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Potapov Victor ,   Omsk State Technical University, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Today, energy consumption in the world is growing and it is becoming urgent to solve the problem of replacing traditional energy sources with alternative ones. The solution to this problem is impossible without a preliminary data analysis and further forecasting of energy production by alternative sources. However, the use of alternative energy sources in the conditions of the wholesale electricity and capacity market currently operating on the territory of the Russian Federation is impossible without the use of short-term predictive “day ahead” models. In this article, the authors perform a brief analysis of the existing methods of short-term forecasting which are used when making forecasts for the generation of electricity by solar power plants. Currently, there are already a fairly large number of predictive models built within each of the selected methods of short-term forecasting, and they all differ in their characteristics. Therefore, in order to identify the most promising method of short-term forecasting for further use and development, the authors used a previously developed classification. In the course of the study, a preliminary processing of initial data obtained from the existing solar power plants using spectral analysis was carried out. Further, to build a predictive model, a correlation analysis of the initial data was carried out, which showed the absence of a linear relationship between the components in the retrospective data. Based on the results of the correlation analysis the authors made a decision to select parameters empirically in order to build a predictive model. As a result of the study, a mathematical model based on an artificial neural network was proposed and a learning sample was generated for it. In addition, the architecture of an artificial neural network was determined, the result of which is a short-term forecast of electric power generation in the "day ahead" mode, and calculations were performed to obtain numerical values of the forecast. From the results of the study, it follows that the developed predictive model in the predicted interval has a mean absolute error of about 13.5 MW. However, at some intervals, the peak discrepancies can reach up to 200 MW. The root mean square error of the model is 27.8 MW.
An assessment of the algorithm difference measure in a multivariate system for production plans scheduling
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Gruzenkin Denis , Kuznetsov Aleksandr ,   Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Seleznev Igor ,   Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

In the process of designing a production plan, one of the important steps is scheduling the execution of technological operations. The schedule can be created either manually or by using software. If the schedule is compiled by software, then several schedule generation algorithms are used to eliminate possible errors. A set of such algorithms is called a "batch". It is advisable that only different algorithms should be included in the batch. This is necessary to eliminate errors of the same type. Therefore, the search for clones of algorithms in the batch is an urgent production task. To solve it a diversity metric of algorithms was developed in the course of this work. Such a metric numerically (as a percentage) determines how much the algorithms differ. This metric is based on the properties of the algorithm execution. Algorithm traces are constructed in the N-dimensional space using the obtained points. The coordinates of the trace points are the values with which the algorithm works at each step of its execution or each of the control points of the algorithm execution. An experiment was performed to confirm the correctness of this metric. Within this experiment, the trace properties of three sorting algorithms were calculated. Based on the properties obtained, indicators were determined for comparing algorithms in the metric space. The experiment confirmed the effectiveness of using the diversity metric to find clones in the algorithms batch. The scope of this metric is not limited to clone searches. It can be used as an independent indicator of software quality.
Soft Power of a Military Organization: NATO’s Public Diplomacy in Central Asia
Authors:   MGIMO University (Moscow, Russian Federation), Bahriev Bahri Kh. , Rustamova Leili R. ,   MGIMO University (Moscow, Russian Federation); Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the features of NATO’s public diplomacy in Central Asia. Based on the neoliberal concept of soft power, the authors expand public diplomacy’s actorness domain, considering its manifestations in the activities of international organizations. The NATO case shows how international organizations can use resources of public diplomacy to legitimize their existence in the changing realities of world politics, to popularize their charter goals and their mission in the international arena, and to garner support for their policies. To this end, NATO not only brings into use a wide range of mechanisms of traditional public diplomacy (print production, scientific and educational exchanges, television), but also actively works in the virtual field (video hosting services, social networks). These areas of the Alliance’s relevant work also cover the post-Soviet Central Asia, which is considered a strategically important region for Russia’s interests. This moment determines the predominantly public-diplomatic nature of NATO’s package of cooperation offered to the countries of the region. Firstly, the military-political relations of Russia with Central Asian states do not leave significant space for NATO’s “hard-power” presence in the region. Secondly, existing opinion polls in some Central Asian countries show negative attitude towards NATO, which requires from the latter to boost its soft power activities. The authors highlight three areas of the Alliance’s core work in the region: information work, scientific and educational work, and expert diplomacy. These mechanisms of public diplomacy not only work on such tactical tasks as raising awareness about the Organization and promoting narrative about the benefits of partnering with it, but also pursue strategic goals—forming loyal circles through interaction with civil society, public opinion leaders, and through training of military personnel, engaging with young generation in the countries of the region. A simplified SWOT analysis the authors conducted shows that despite the attractiveness of NATO’s public diplomacy projects for segments of the region’s population, a number of factors limit its activities. The authors found that, according to the degree of intensity and multidimensionality, NATO’s public diplomacy in Central Asia varies from the most active in Kazakhstan to the least in Turkmenistan. The authors come to the conclusion that, in the face of current strained Russia–NATO relations, formats of public diplomatic work are becoming the most preferable and least sensitive aspect of maintaining the Alliance’s presence in Central Asia.
Born by the Revolution: The Professional Community of Historians of Asian Russia in the Grip of the Civil War
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Khaminov Dmitry V. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Sorokin Alexander N. ,   Tyumen State University (Tyumen, Russian Federation)
Published: March 2021

The history of higher education, science, and academia in the Asian part of Russia has been extensively covered in historiography. Historians have focused on various aspects of these phenomena in connection with social, cultural, economic, as well as political and ideological processes. In most cases, these processes have been approached from two different perspectives. The first one focuses on the center-periphery relations and entails a comparison of the provincial processes with what was happening in the center of Russia. The second concentrates on regional and local processes, including at the micro level. However, the period of the Revolution of 1917 and the Civil War (1918–1920) in the history of Asiatic Russia is of particular importance for the scientific and educational complex of the region in general and for its social sciences and humanities segment, in particular. The authors’ focus is history. Historical research itself, education, science, and the corporation of historians in the paradigm of that period played the most important structure-forming roles. The political, ideological, and sociocultural implications of historical research (the formation of the historical consciousness, civic and political identity and culture, ideological attitudes, moral values, patriotism) are difficult to overestimate. In the period of uncertainty of the development of both the country as a whole and its Asiatic periphery (when the outcome of the armed confrontation was not obvious to anyone), the role of historians in different spheres of the state and society grows, they become important actors of key processes, epitomized by the so-called “third the role of universities”. The study of these aspects of historians’ activities, the mechanisms of their interaction, the influence on the system of social interactions and other aspects, foregrounds this new trend in historical research. The work is written on the basis of a wide range of historical sources: official documents and materials (laws and regulations on the organization of higher education and science); archival materials (most of them are first introduced into academic discourse) – organizational, administrative records that reflect daily activities of universities and research institutions; materials of regional and local periodicals; sources of personal origin; historiography of the Asiatic periphery. In the course of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the initiative to develop historical research, academic institutions, strengthen the “third role” of universities and scientific communities was generated both “bottom-up” and “top-down”. Both historians and public legal entities, that is authorities at all levels, benefited in these relations.
Methods of Developing the Ability to Balance in Young Gymnasts
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Service (Moscow, Russian Federation), Mironov Andrey O. , Larkina Ksenia D. ,   Sports School of the Olympic Reserve No. 42 (Moscow, Russian Federation), Petrina Zoya I. ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Published: March 2021

Balances in rhythmic gymnastics constitute one of the basic groups of elements. When performing any elements of the program, it is extremely important for a gymnast to maintain the balance of the body and its parts in relation to each other. At the same time, flexibility is considered a fundamental quality in the sport in question, for it determines both selection and training in sports schools. The aim of the study was to substantiate the effectiveness of the training program for young gymnasts at the initial stage of sports training (1st year of training) based on the methodology of developing the ability to balance. The study was conducted from September 2017 to March 2018 on the basis of Sports School of the Olympic Reserve No. 42 (Moscow). The participants were of the same age, which ensures the qualitative homogeneity of the sample. Two groups of participants – experimental and control – were randomly formed. In the experimental group, the training of young gymnasts was conducted according to the methodology, the main provisions of which are: the division of training in the direction of the development of physical qualities in accordance with the schedule; the use of parterre gymnastics exercises as a warm-up; a strictly determined sequence in the development of elements (small poses, concluding exercises, large poses of classical dance, forms of basic equilibria, complicated equilibria, turns). The results of the control tests showed that, in the experimental group, the average increase in the index of ability to equilibria (Δe = 30.8%) was significantly higher than in the control group (Δc = 8.3%). The practical application of the proposed technique is that it can be used in the organization of the training process of young gymnasts at the stage of initial sports training (1st year of training). Currently, when training novice athletes, the emphasis is on the development of the physical quality of flexibility. In the course of the study, the authors found it necessary to answer the question of whether the developed technique had a negative impact on the development of flexibility. They analyzed the flexibility tests used in the selection of gymnasts and saw that the quality of change in both groups was comparable. Therefore, it can be concluded that the developed methodology does not prevent the development of flexibility. The results of this study will serve as a starting point for further research on the problem of the content of the training process of young gymnasts at the stage of initial sports training.
From the History of Russian Law to the History of State and Law of the USSR: The Transformation of the Science and the Academic Discipline in 1917–1940s
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University (Omsk, Russia Federation), Yashchuk Tatiana F.
Published: March 2021

The article aims to show the transformation of the science and the academic discipline “History of Russian Law” over the period from 1917 to the 1940s, to establish the degree of continuity and innovations that manifested in the transformation. The study is based on research works on the history of state and law, published historical sources, archival materials. Narrative, comparative legal, and institutional methods were used. Two institutional forms of legal science development were identified: universities and departments of the Academy of Sciences. In the 19th century, an independent area of scientific knowledge was established; its object was historical forms of law. Educational courses on the history of Russian law were based on the study of legislative acts and other sources of law. According to the University Charter of 1863, departments of the history of Russian law were created, scientific research was actively conducted, and works on the history of law were published. After the 1917 revolution, the political and ideological trends in legal science and education changed dramatically. Universities and academic structures as institutional forms survived, but underwent major changes. Law faculties were abolished at universities, specialized departments were closed. The history of Russian law or a comparable discipline in content was not taught. To prepare new academic personnel and conduct research in social sciences and the humanities, including legal science, the Socialist, subsequently Communist Academy and the Institute of Red Professors were opened. These institutions did not create separate units specializing in the study of the history of state and law. The circle of researchers studying such problems decreased sharply. In the 1930s, the Soviet model of the organization of science and higher education, which included many elements that had developed in the Russian Empire, was approved. Interest in historical sciences was restored. Curricula for training lawyers included a discipline that was first called “History of the State and Law of the Peoples of the USSR”, and later “History of State and Law of the USSR”. The leading role in the development of its content, object, and method belonged to S.V. Yushkov. The continuity with the history of Russian law was preserved. The most significant differences were the change in the chronological and territorial framework, the etatization of the object, and the use of the Marxist methodology. New approaches were reflected in the textbook History of State and Law of the USSR. The first part of the textbook, prepared by S.V. Yushkov, was published in 1940. It covered only the prerevolutionary period. The second part described the history of the Soviet state and law. It was edited by A.I. Denisov and published in 1948. Thus, by the end of the 1940s, the new branch of scientific knowledge and academic discipline was established.
Meta-sezgisel algoritmalar kullanarak güneş pili modellerinin parametre çıkarımında karşılaştırmalı performans analizi
Authors: GARİP Zeynep , ÇİMEN Murat Erhan , BOZ Ali Fuat
Published: March 2021

Güneş pili
modellenmesinde parametrelerin optimizasyonu sistemin farklı çalışma
koşullarında durumunu izlemek ve modeldeki olası hataları bulmaya imkân sağlar.
Güneş pillerinin tek ve çift diyot modellerindeki optimal parametrelerinin
doğru ve verimli çıkarılması amacıyla parçacık sürü optimizasyon(PSO), ateş böceği
(FA), guguk kuşu (CS) ve çiçek tozlaşma (FPA) meta-heuristik algoritmaları
kullanılmıştır. Tekli ve çift diyot modellerinin hesaplanan ve deneysel veriler
arasındaki hatayı minimize etmek amacıyla IAE ve RMSE amaç fonksiyonları
kullanılmıştır. Geliştirilen algoritmaların performanslarını incelemek amacıyla
literatürde bulunan diğer meta-heuristik algoritmalarla sayısal ve grafiksel
olarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırmalı analiz verileri FPA’nın diğer
yöntemlere göre yakınsama hızının daha hızlı, daha sağlam, verimli ve doğruluk
açısından en iyi performansa sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir.
Çam fıstığı pazarlamasında dağıtım kanallarının ve gelir dağılımının belirlenmesi (Bergama-Kozak örneği)
Authors: SARITAŞ Elif , TÜRKER Mustafa Fehmi
Published: March 2021

Türkiye’de odun dışı orman ürünleri yönetim ve işletmeciliğinde, odun dışı bitkisel ürünler önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Türkiye’ de planlı olarak üretime konu olan odun dışı bitkisel orman ürünleri içerisinde önemli bir yere sahip olan ve Orman Genel Müdürlüğü’nün odun dışı bitkisel ürünler bakımından en çok gelir elde ettiği önemli türlerden biri de, fıstık çamıdır. Bu çalışma ile; çam fıstığının üretiminden nihai tüketiciye ulaşmasına değin geçen süreçte oluşan dağıtım kanal türlerini ortaya koymak, dağıtım kanalı üyelerinin her birinin elde ettiği gelirleri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için dağıtım kanalında yer alan üyeler ile derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan görüşmeler sonucu elde edilen veriler neticesinde; devlet ormanlarından toplanan çam fıstığı ticaretinden elde edilen toplam gelirden perakendecilerin % 48, kooperatifin %31, orman köylüsünün % 20 oranında pay aldığı belirlenirken, Kozak Orman İşletme Şefliğinin ise %1 oranında pay aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bununla beraber, şahsa ait arazilerden toplanan çam fıstığının ticaretinden elde edilen toplam gelirden perakendecilerin % 49, kooperatifin %31 ve orman köylüsünün % 20 oranında pay aldığı belirlenmiştir.
Culturing Chlamydomonas reinhardtii v1
Authors: Vitor Molino Joao
Published: March 2021

This protocols describe the steps required for the growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in liquid media.
F0 knockout—single gene v2
Authors: Kroll Francois , Rihel J
Published: March 2021

Remember to cite the publication if you use this protocol! Get in touch for questions twitter –@francois_kroll email –francois@kroll.be
A Bibliometric Analysis of Covid-19 Research using VOSviewer
Authors: Hamidah Ida , Sriyono Sriyono , Hudha Muhammad Nur
Published: March 2021

The new Coronavirus (namely Covid-19) discovered in 2019 in Wuhan has sickened more than three million people in worldwide. Because Covid-19 is spreading so fast and killing so many people, it has encouraged researchers to conduct research and publish it in various mass media, including journals. This study aims to analyze the scope of Covid-19 research using a bibliometric review. To obtain information about Covid-19 studies, the Scopus database was used. Topic areas with titles, keywords, and abstract criteria in Covid-19 studies were used as a reference for extracting search results. Search result extraction was done using VOSviewer. After that, the results of bibliometric mapping were analyzed further. A total of 3,513 articles were found in the Scopus database accessed on April 25, 2020. There was a significant increase in the number of publications on Covid-19 from 2019 to 2020. Among all countries, China contributed the most publications. Meanwhile, the keywords coronavirus, pandemic, and impact turned out to be the area's most widely discussed. Through VOSViewer we analyzed how many articles have been published about Covid-19 and its relationships to a topic area. This review certainly can provide a reference point for further research related to the Covid-19 outbreak.
CRIAÇÃO DOS PRIMEIROS CURSOS DE LICENCIATURA EM CIÊNCIAS DA EDUCAÇÃO NA PROVÍNCIA DE MALANJE, ANGOLA
Authors: Manuel Damião de Almeida
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar alguns aspectos da trajetória histórica dos primeiros cursos Superiores em Ciências da Educação na Província de Malanje, no ano de 2011 a 2016. O ano de 2011 significou para a Província de Malanje um marco no desenvolvimento da cultura acadêmica com a criação dos primeiros cursos superiores em ciências da educação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa histórica e documental em andamento cujo os resultados finais ainda estão por ser obtidos. Como resultados parciais obtidos mediante a análise de documentos normativos, portanto de caráter oficial, é possível afirmar que houve a necessidade por parte da coordenação dos primeiros cursos superiores de ciências da educação em criar estratégias para incentivar os diferentes professores naturais de Malanje e que se encontravam maioritariamente na Capital do país a regressarem e aceitar o desafio de contribuir para o desenvolvimento dos Primeiros cursos de ciências da educação.

 Palavras-chave: História das instituições educativas; Cursos de Ciências da Educação; Malanje-Angola.
Strategies to Build Hybrid Protein-DNA Nanostructures
Authors: Hernandez-Garcia Armando
Published: March 2021

Proteins and DNA exhibit key physical chemical properties that make them advantageous for building nanostructures with outstanding features. Both DNA and protein nanotechnology have growth notably and proved to be fertile disciplines. The combination of both types of nanotechnologies is helpful to overcome the individual weaknesses and limitations of each one, paving the way for the continuing diversification of the structural nanotechnologies. Recent studies have implemented a synergistic combination of both biomolecules to assemble unique and sophisticate protein-DNA nanostructures. These hybrid nanostructures are highly programmable and display remarkable features that create new opportunities to build in the nanoscale. This review focuses on the strategies deployed to create hybrid protein-DNA nanostructures. Here, we will discuss strategies such as polymerization, spatial directing and organizing, coating, rigidizing or folding DNA into particular shapes or moving parts. The enrichment of structural DNA nanotechnology by incorporating protein nanotechnology has been clearly demonstrated and still shows a large potential to create useful and advanced materials with cell-like properties or dynamic systems. It can be expected that structural protein-DNA nanotechnology will open new avenues in the fabrication of nano-assemblies with unique functional applications and enrich the toolbox of bionanotechnology.
Cell type-specific Pathways Associated with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Metastasis Related to Neuro-Diseases
Authors: Dey Ashmita , Maulik Ujjwal
Published: March 2021

Background: With the advancement of single-cell sequencing, it’s become rapid emergency to detect the cell-specific changes of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma metastasis that leads to the central nervous system disorder. Results: In this study, single-cell RNA-seq of Peripheral blood mononuclear cell from a human sample is curated and cell types related to lymphocytes are identified. Subsequently, the potential markers of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma are found. It is noticed that LEF1, TCF7 and CD79A/B markers of different cell types show an important role in this disease formation, progression and metastasis processes. To understand the impact of markers, associated pathways are studied in details by establishing a pathway semantic network. Moreover, this association validated the channel through which the pathways are triggered within the cell environment and resulted in metastasis. The connection between Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma metastasis and other central nervous system disorders is demonstrated by constructing a disease network. Conclusion: The study reveals how cell types are responsible for the pathway shifts. Furthermore, this information provides a cell-specific channel of triggering the progression of central nervous system diseases among Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma patients.
Comparing the Effect of rATG Dosing on Long-Term Outcomes in Young (40-59) and Elderly (≥60) Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Bajjoka Iman , Serra Salvatore , Mourad Jade , Crombez Catherine , Safwan Mohamed , Callaghan Matthew , Abouljoud Marwan
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAs the number of elderly kidney transplant recipients increases, long-term outcome differences between this population and younger kidney transplant recipients are not well documented. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of rATG dosing on long-term outcomes between elderly and young kidney transplant recipients.MethodsA single-center retrospective analysis of medical records of 688 first-time kidney transplant recipients (KTR) from 2003 to 2014 on a regimen of mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, and steroids was performed. During the 11-year period there were no immunosuppresion protocol changes. Baseline characteristics, first biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR), estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR), graft survival, and patient survival at discharge and annually up to 5 years post-transplant were analyzed. Various statistical tests including Chi-square test, two-sample t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare data obtained from this study.ResultsThe study population was divided into two cohorts: elderly (E-KTR) (≥60 years; n=277) and younger (Y-KTR) (40-59 years; n=411). E-KTR received more expanded criteria donor kidneys (p<0.001) and older donor kidneys (p<0.001). Y-KTR experienced more BPAR in incidence (p<0.001) than E-KTR, however, the severity of BPAR was similar. A difference in eGFR was observed at discharge, where Y-KTR had better eGFR rates than E-KTR (p<0.05). At 5-years, a trend was observed indicating that E-KTR have better eGFR rates than Y-KTR. Despite similar long-term graft survival, patient survival was significantly lower among the elderly patients (p<0.01). An indication for higher mortality rates in E-KTR is due to rATG dosing for which we found that mortality increased with patients who received high rATG doses in comparison to low doses (p<0.05).ConclusionE-KTR had lower patient survival rates yet similar graft survival rates when compared to Y-KTR. Lower survival rates in E-KTR was associated with higher rATG dosing. Larger validation studies need to be performed to assess the benefit of using less harmful immunosuppressants to improve long-term outcomes for E-KTR.
Predictors of Parental Barriers to Reduce Excessive Child Screen Time Among Parents of Under-Five Children in Selangor, Malaysia: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mansor Elliza , Ahmad Norliza , Raj Diana , Mohd Zulkefli Nor Afiah , Mohd Shariff Zalilah
Published: March 2021

Background

Globally, there is an increasing prevalence of excessive screen time exposure among young children, including in Malaysia. Parents are advised to limit this exposure, but there are barriers for many of them to follow this recommendation. To date, there is a lack of research on the factors that cause these parental barriers.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the parental barrier toward the reduction of excessive child screen time and its predictors among parents of children aged younger than 5 years in the Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2019 to June 2020 among 789 parent-child dyads attending child health clinics in the Petaling District. Validated self-administered questionnaires were used to capture information on sociodemographic, parental, child-related, and environmental factors and parental barriers. Stratified sampling with probability proportionate to size was employed. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 25 (IBM Corp). Descriptive analysis and bivariable analysis were performed before multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors of parental barriers.

Results

The overall mean score of parental barriers was 3.51 (SD 0.83), indicating that the average numbers of barriers experienced by parents were more than 3. The multivariable analysis showed that the predictors of parental barriers included monthly household income (adjusted β=–.03, 95% CI –0.05 to –0.02), parents who worked in public sectors (adjusted β=.18, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.29), positive parental attitude on screens (adjusted β=.68, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.79), low parent self-efficacy to influence child’s physical activity (adjusted β=–.32, 95% CI –0.43 to –0.20), and child screen time (adjusted β=.04, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.06).

Conclusions

The strongest predictor of parental barriers to reduce excessive child screen time was the positive parental attitude on screen time which could contribute to their abilities to limit child screen time. Thus, future intervention strategies should aim to foster correct parental attitudes toward screen time activities among young children.
Responses of Capsicum annuum Varieties toward Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita Infection
Authors: Putri Resty Islamiati , Indarti Siwi , Widiastuti Ani
Published: March 2021

Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) is one of the major vegetable commodities in Indonesia. One of the challenges in chili pepper cultivation is the infection of Meloidogyne incognita which causes gall formation in root systems. The purposes of this research were to determine 1. the response of four varieties of chili pepper against M. incognita infections; 2. damaged intensity caused by this pest in the root system, and; 3. development of M. incognita populations in root systems (rhizosphere). This research was conducted in Plant Pest Science Laboratory and Greenhouse of the Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Gadjah Mada. This research included cultivation of three chili pepper varieties (Cabai Merah Besar, Pilar F1; Cabai Merah Keriting, Kastilo F1; and Paprika, Red Star 2060), rearing of M. incognita, inoculation, and observation. Chili pepper respond to M. incognita infections were evaluated based on agronomic aspects of the plants, such as root histopathology observation, disease intensity, and nematode populations. Results showed that each variety of chili pepper expressed various responses to infections. All varieties had different root weight and length, but had similar sensitivity based on the appearance of root damage and egg mass scoring of M. incognita. Although nematode population could develop on roots, observation from root tissues showed lignification after infection of J2 M. incognita. Chili pepper var. Red Star 2060 was more susceptible against M. incognita than chili pepper var. Pilar F1 and chili pepper var. Kastilo F1.
PERANAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DALAM PENCEGAHAN VIRUS COVID-19
Authors: Rizki Pratama Suroso Reza , Hasyim Hesti Hasyim
Published: March 2021

This article aims to discuss about the importance of Information Technology in overcoming the Covid-19 virus. Information technology will continue to grow in line with the fast number of internet users. Based on the data obtained, it reaches that there are 175.4 million internet users in Indonesia. Based on the results of qualitative analysis, by direct observation, it can be concluded that the internet has become a medium that provides information to the public about the dangers and prevention efforts of COVID 19. However, the weaknesses of information technology included that the difficulty of filtering correct or wrong information. So, the users must sort and respond to any information from internet technology. The public needs to be aware of the covid-19 virus outbreak which has spread to hundreds of countries in the world, including Indonesia. Therefore, information technology should reach remote villages. With regard to the health aspect, information technology should reach out to the health center units and integrated with urban hospitals.
Pathogenesis Study Based on High-Throughput Single-Cell Sequencing Analysis Reveals Novel Transcriptional Landscape and Heterogeneity of Retinal Cells in Type 2 Diabetic Mice
Authors: Niu Tian , Fang Junwei , Shi Xin , Zhao Mengya , Xing Xindan , Wang Yihan , Zhu Shaopin , Liu Kun
Published: March 2021

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of acquired blindness in middle-aged people. The complex pathology of DR is difficult to dissect, given the convoluted cytoarchitecture of the retina. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of retina from a model of type 2 diabetes, induced in leptin receptor–deficient (db/db) and control db/m mice, with the aim of elucidating the factors mediating the pathogenesis of DR. We identified 11 cell types and determined cell-type-specific expression of DR-associated loci via genome-wide association study (GWAS)-based enrichment analysis. DR also impacted cell-type-specific genes and altered cell-cell communication. Based on the scRNA-seq results, retinaldehyde-binding protein 1 (RLBP1) was investigated as a promising therapeutic target for DR. Retinal RLBP1 expression was decreased in diabetes, and its overexpression in Müller glia mitigated DR-associated neurovascular degeneration. These data provide a detailed analysis of the retina under diabetic and normal conditions, revealing new insights into pathogenic factors that may be targeted to treat DR and related dysfunctions.
The World of Anaconda: the myth of the snake-canoe and its relationship with the stilt villages from eastern amazon
Authors: Navarro Alexandre
Published: March 2021

Amazonian ethnography relies on a world created by an anaconda, an ancestral creator. The story that myths tell is that the Amazon River is the metaphor of an anaconda; a large, meandering reptile. While the Anaconda sails along the great river, it populates the riverbanks, creating the Indian villages along its margins. This is why the anaconda is a snake-canoe. Amazonian societies are classified by archeology as belonging to the Polychrome Tradition of the Amazon (TPA). This research suggests that stilt villagers in eastern Amazonia, where shamanism played a role in communicating with animals, also shared this myth. The anaconda embodied in ceramic archaeological sites is as a memory of this complex indigenous narrative as it develops across time.
Design of structural systems for artworks fabrication and installation in urban areas
Authors: Ruiz de Villa Arturo , Oliva Javier , Auzmendi Iñaki
Published: March 2021

In urban areas, besides structures such as bridges and buildings, big sculptures are each day more common as major pieces of public art. Although these artworks are not meant to satisfy needs as housing or transport, they play an important role in the city: they are major pieces of art made accessible to everyone that enhance the environment and contribute to the urban planning.

Major sculptures must withstand the same load types as the rest of the city’s infrastructure, for example strong winds and earthquakes. The analysis of these structures is an unorthodox field for civil engineers where new challenges appear: complex shapes, innovative materials, new fabrication techniques… Moreover, public art is a field that continually evolves. Art and engineering become two aspects of the same creative process and the interaction between professionals is fundamental.

In this work, several success cases in design, fabrication and installation of artworks by some international artists in inhabited areas all over the world are presented. We reflect on the limits in analysis and design focusing on the limitations imposed by the engineering codes. The search for compromise solutions that produce safe structures that still send the artist’s message is also discussed.
Percepciones sobre el e- portafolio y la rúbrica de evaluación
Authors: Garza Zamudio Alma Delia , Galán Mireles Eva María
Published: March 2021

Para la presente investigación se plantea como objetivo general implementar el uso de e- portafolio y la rúbrica de evaluación mediante el empleo de la plataforma Moodle, desde una perspectiva constructivista. En un segundo momento se abordaron los objetivos específicos consistentes en identificar las experiencias de aprendizaje significativo al utilizar las nuevas formas de enseñar, analizar la evaluación continua por competencias como parte del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje con el uso de la rúbrica, así como diseñar las estrategias que le permitan a docentes y alumnos el uso de e- portafolio y la rúbrica de evaluación de manera eficiente. En una primera sección se plantea la situación educativa que prevalece en la sociedad actual, se expone el problema y las razones que llevan a rechazar el modelo educativo tradicional y se explica la implementación de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la educación. Para la investigación se utiliza como metodología el estudio de caso de nivel descriptivo con un enfoque mixto, la información se recopiló mediante cuestionarios que los alumnos responden respecto a la construcción de sus percepciones en un cuestionario diagnóstico y otro cuestionario que se aplicó previamente de manera piloto. Los hallazgos señalan la existencia de una práctica de métodos tradicionales, es recomendable guardar un equilibrio en la práctica docente, por lo que se deben buscar variadas estrategias didácticas que permitan desarrollar conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes que fortalezcan el aprendizaje y desempeño escolar de acuerdo a su contexto.