bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O município de Assis Chateaubriand: 48 anos de dinâmica espaço-temporal (1970 – 2018)
Authors: Bernardo Luciana Virginia Mario , Rippel Ricardo , Farinha Maycon Jorge Ulisses Saraiva
Published: December 2021

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as alterações populacionais e fundiárias a partir da década de 1970 e o uso da terra na atualidade do município de Assis Chateaubriand. O recorte temporal está relacionado à disponibilidade de informações oriundas do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e MapBiomas. Foi realizada a triangulação de dados, sendo este um procedimento que concilia diferentes maneiras para a coleta de dados sobre uma determinada situação, problema ou amostra. Os resultados identificados apontam que o município sofreu alterações significativas na substituição da vegetação natural por alguns usos intencionais da terra, com predominância, desde o início da década de 1970, dos usos relacionados à agropecuária, com ênfase na agricultura.
A Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte como fator de segregação socioespacial: uma análise a partir da cidade de Altamira-PA
Authors: Estronioli Elisa Mergulhão , De Miranda Neto José Queiroz
Published: December 2021

A segregação socioespacial é um processo dialético indissociável da dinâmica do sistema capitalista nas cidades e expressa a luta de classes pela apropriação do espaço. Este artigo discute como a Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte, como um dos fatores de reestruturação na cidade de Altamira (PA), interfere no processo de segregação socioespacial. A construção do empreendimento hidrelétrico mobilizou uma grande quantidade de capital e de trabalhadores para a região, implicando diretamente no aumento dos preços de terrenos e dos aluguéis, influenciando processos de ocupação urbana em áreas alagadiças, como na Lagoa do Independente I. Além disso, a Norte Energia agiu diretamente em processos de reassentamento urbano, modificando as localizações urbanas da população mais pobre da cidade de Altamira no sentido centro-periferia. Como resultado, apresentamos dois modos de segregação: a conduzida, resultante dos programas de requalificação desenvolvidos pela empresa Norte Energia; e a induzida, que emerge a partir da ampliação da desigualdade socioespacial advinda de Belo Monte.
VANDERLEI, Shirley Alves Viana. Juventudes, escola e ensino de Geografia: sujeitos, espaços e sentidos. 2018. 138 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Geografia) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Porto Nacional, 2018.
Authors: Nedel Oliveira Victor Hugo
Published: December 2021

Trata-se de resenha da dissertação intitulada “Juventudes, escola e ensino de Geografia: sujeitos, espaços e sentidos”, de autoria de Shirley Alves Viana Vanderlei, desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da Universidade Federal do Tocantins e publicada em 2018.
METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION
Authors: Pozdnyakova L. O. , Biletska D. O.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to defining common methods and main principles of HR management, learningorganizations philosophies countries and research management staff of the organization.
STUDY WAYS OF IMPROVING THE TECHNOLOGY SCREENING PROCESS FOR SORTING SLIDES
Authors: Gerasim O.
Published: December 2021

The analysis of ways of improving the technology screening process, increasing the level of automation. Shows the parameters of the longitudinal profile of the drain side sorting yards CIS, German,American types and methods of their determination.
RESEARCH METHODS DEFINITIONS PERMISSIBLE VALUES PERIOD MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS DIAGNOSTIC AUTOMATION RAILWAY
Authors: Кustov V. F. , Moskalenko A. V.
Published: December 2021

Whereas the maximum permissible period mentioned diagnostics automation systems with commonrail loading for redundancy "2" to "2" and the majority redundancy "2" to "3" can provide the necessarylevel of functional safety microprocessor systems automation.
TO THE QUESTION POWER RATIONAL MAINTAINING TRAINS
Authors: Blinduk Vasiliy
Published: December 2021

The analysis of the existing methods and means of self-regulation and management of rolling stock ofrailway transport is carried out. It is shown that the problem of power rational maintaining trains needs tobe considered as problem of multicriteria optimization, namely, reasonable choice from set of alternative solutions of numerical criteria of such alternative which at the set system of advantages is the best, than those alternatives which have not been chosen. It is shown that systems of autocontrol of train movementsallow to solve problem of optimum use of energy and temporary resources of the railroads. At the same time,systems of autocontrol of rolling stock which are mainly expected solutions of this problem, consider restrictions which are imposed for their work insufficiently. Technical means which realize the concept of traffic control of rail transport on polygon and according to it create and give the managing signals defining the movement mode on mobile structure, now are quite widely acquired. However these actions have mainlydirective character, leaving to the ability of their implementation opened problem.
ANALYSIS OF FEATURES OF MEASUREMENT CARRIER FREQUENCY PHASEMODULATED SIGNALS
Authors: Trubchaninova K. A. , Chobotok Anna
Published: December 2021

The basic methods of measuring the frequency of the carrier signal. The analysis of the characteristicsof the measurement of the carrier frequency phase-modulated signals.
ANALYSIS OF THE PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION OF DIGITAL SWICHING FIELDS
Authors: Otchenash Yulia
Published: December 2021

The article is devotedto issues related to the construction of digital switching fields. In the article the vector representation of the channel in the space of two-coandcoordinate transformations in the process of switching modules basic variants of spatial and temporal switching, and switchingain fields of type B-P-Bbased on them.
STUDY OF METHODS OF IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENT IS FUNCTIONING TONAL TRACK CIRCUITS WHEN THE RESISTANCE OF THE BALLAST
Authors: Khismatulin V. Sh. , Tikhonyuk V.
Published: December 2021

Based on the general principles of automatic control systems are considered options for the structureof tonal track circuit equipment with automatic correction tracking generator output voltage depending on the ballast resistance. For further development, a system of automatic control of the output voltage of thegenerator with the stabilization of its prescribed value. The prescribed value is set in accordance with the results of measurements of the insulation resistance (ballast).
Wpływ wolnych glukozydów steroli na parametry niskotemperaturowe paliw i biopaliw
Authors: Burnus Zygmunt
Published: December 2021

The depletion of primary energy sources and the increase in greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere necessitate taking action to seek alternative sources, including renewable energy sources. In March 2011, the European Commission issued a new White Paper – "Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system" [White Paper; 2011]. The White Paper presents a vision of a competitive and sustainable transport system, ensuring its further growth and mobility while achieving the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 60% in 2050. The directions of development of motor fuels are mainly determined by the undesirable climate changes that negatively affect the environment, as well as by the constant development of engine designs in order to meet the increasing requirements of environmentalists and users. The modern world has realized that it is facing a serious environmental threat caused by CO2 emissions largely from car transport. Widely understood environmental protection, and also climate protection, requires the use of more eco-friendly engine fuels, which is reflected by European Union Directives and, consequently, in national legislation. A further increase in the share of biofuels and biocomponents in fuels intended for transport is expected, and these will not only be first generation fuels derived from vegetable oil transesterification (VOE) such as the currently commonly used fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) or fuels derived from the hydrotreatment of vegetable oils and animal fats (HVO), but also liquid fuels produced from biomass and bio-waste through thermochemical conversion. Low-temperature properties, and also the presence of biocomponents (FAME) in diesel fuel, which is the source of deposits in the engine and in its fuel system, causing many operational problems, are one of the important quality parameters of fuels intended for supplying diesel engines (ZS). FAME from rapeseed oil, widely used in the European Union as a biofuel for compression-ignition engines, has not, until recently, been suspected of affecting the performance parameters of the final product by the trace substances they contain, such as free sterol glucosides. In 2011, Polish fuel bases signaled the problem of a large amount of greasy deposits in tanks with a mixture of 5% (V/V) FAME in fuel for supplying diesel engines. Large amounts of free sterol glucosides were detected in these sediments using the research methodology developed by the author of this work. In the subject mixtures of commercial fuels and reference materials, relationships between low-temperature parameters such as cloud point CP, cold CFPP filter block temperature, CSFT cold filtration time on the one hand, and the content of FAME trace components from rapeseed oil: free sterol glucosides (FSG) and saturated monoacylglycerols (SMG) on the other hand, were determined. Keywords: low-temperature parameters, biodiesel, diesel fuel, free sterol glucosides
Evaluación de la bioaccesibilidad de cadmio en formulaciones de chocolatería por digestión gastrointestinal in vitro
Authors: Murillo-Méndez Cristian Jahir , Molina-Velasco Daniel Ricardo , López-Giraldo Luis Javier , Salazar-Beleño Ana Milena
Published: December 2021

Para estudiar la toxicidad del cadmio (Cd) presente en productos de chocolate es necesario conocer su concentración total y determinar la cantidad de Cd que es bioaccesible en el cuerpo humano. Este trabajo se enfocó en evaluar la bioaccesibilidad de Cd en formulaciones de chocolatería con concentraciones de componentes diferentes por digestión gastrointestinales in vitro. Esta digestión se realizó a través de un titulador automático con control de temperatura, y control y monitoreo de pH mediante soluciones diluidas ácidas y alcalinas. Se correlacionaron las diferencias de bioaccesibilidad con los componentes principales (cacao, leche, azúcar y contenido de Cd total en el cacao) y, por último, se propuso una formulación de chocolate que tuvo el menor valor de bioaccesibilidad de Cd. Los resultados se expresaron mediante un modelo matemático, con predicciones de 94 % y errores de validación del modelo menores que 9 %. Se obtuvieron valores de bioaccesibilidad de Cd en las formulaciones de chocolate entre 7 y 32 % aproximadamente, donde los valores más bajos correspondieron a formulaciones de chocolate amargo (relación másica cacao:azúcar de 7:2). Se concluyó que el contenido de cacao y de azúcar en la formulación disminuyen los valores de bioaccesibilidad de Cd, mientras que el contenido de leche y la concentración de Cd total en el cacao aumentan los valores de bioaccesibilidad.
Obtención de nanoemulsiones de Cúrcuma longa l. y su aplicación en bebida acuosa
Authors: Chica Barco Vanessa , Martínez Correa Hugo , Perez Munive Adriana Marcela
Published: December 2021

La curcumina contrarresta diversas patologías como el cáncer y enfermedades neurodegerativas. Sin embargo, su solubilidad es baja en soluciones acuosas limitando su aplicación. Este estudio busca obtener una emulsión estable aceite en agua (O/W) a base de oleorresina de Cúrcuma longa (ORC) y aplicarla en una bebida acuosa como alternativa al uso de colorantes artificiales como la tartrazina. Se formularon dos tipos de emulsión: con oleorresina (EORC) y curcumina comercial 75% (ECC), se caracterizaron mediante porcentaje de retención de curcumina (%CR), contenido de fenoles totales (TPC), estabilidad física y tamaño de partícula mediante microscopía electrónica de trasmisión (TP), luego se aplicaron en bebidas acuosas, caracterizadas por % CR, TP y turbidez (T). Se obtuvieron nanoemulsiones estables para EORC y ECC con TP de 10,201 nm y 13,847 nm, %CR de 67,136 y 81,991% y TPC de 35,466 y 36,128 mg EAG/L emulsión respectivamente. En las bebidas, el %CR para EORC y ECC fue de 80,014 y 20,048%, TP de 5,732 nm y 5,309 nm respectivamente. La bebida con EORC presentó mayor turbidez en comparación a ECC y tartrazina (control). Se obtuvieron bebidas estables en el tiempo, pero EORC presentó mayor %CR, la cual puede ser una alternativa potencial como colorante y antioxidante en bebidas acuosas.
Efecto del abono a base de hoja de coca en Pisum sativum L. en el Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Montes Rojas Consuelo , Ambuila Chamizo Nury Marcela , Córdoba Cerón Eduar Esteven , Anaya Florez María del Socorro
Published: December 2021

La arveja, alverja o guisante es un cultivo que tiene un nivel proteico que oscila entre 20 y 24 %, lo cual, lo convierte en un alimento importante para la seguridad alimentaria. Dado el alto contenido de fósforo y proteína es exigente en fertilización, pero altamente cultivado en varios municipios del departamento del Cauca, la investigación tuvo por objeto evaluar el efecto del abono orgánico a base de hoja de coca en la producción de Pisum sativum L.  en dos municipios del departamento, mediante fertilización foliar y edáfica, para comparar con la fertilización convencional. Se empleó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones y seis tratamientos (Testigo; CocALOFA I al 4 %; CocALOFA I al 8 %; CocALOFA II al 4 %: CocALOFA II al 8 %; CocALOFA II al 8 %) y como variables de respuesta se tuvieron los componentes de rendimiento. Se detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para altura de la planta, producción en grano verde y rendimiento en Popayán, mientras en Timbío se presentaron diferencias estadísticas en altura de la planta, granos por vaina, peso de cien granos, producción en grano verde y rendimiento. El tratamiento con mejores resultados fue CocALOFA I al 4 % alcanzando alturas entre 1,57 y 1,55 m, peso de cien granos de 65 g, producción por planta de 108,3 y 100,59 g y rendimientos de 3009,28 y 2794,17 kg/ha. El rendimiento con el abono líquido orgánico mineralizado a base de hoja de coca al 4 % superó en un 34 y 28 % al biofertilizante comercial en los dos centros experimentales.
Estudio del biodiesel obtenido a partir de aceite de Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo)
Authors: Caballero Hernández Yuleisi Tatiana , Medina Caballero Luisa Fernanda , Mora Vergara Lia Zamara , Millan Alvarado Sebastián Augusto , Basto Flórez Luis Eduardo
Published: December 2021

El aceite de Sacha inchi (Plukenetia Volúbilis Linneo) es un aceite vegetal que ha despertado gran interés en la producción de Biodiesel por su baja temperatura de cristalización debido al alto contenido de PUFAs. En la presente investigación se produjo biodiesel a partir de este aceite, mediante reacciones de transesterificación, empleando una relación aceite: metóxido de sodio de 5:1 v/v. Se caracterizó fisicoquímicamente el aceite y biodiesel obtenido, según normas nacionales e internacionales y se comparó con lo estipulado en la NTC 5444. Igualmente, se evaluó la estabilidad oxidativa del biodiesel en contacto con lámina de cobre y, se realizó mezcla con diésel convencional, con objeto de evaluar alteración de las propiedades del mismo. Se observó, que el rendimiento de la reacción fue inferior al 60%, sin embargo, los parámetros evaluados se encontraron en los rangos indicados en la norma. De igual manera se concluye que el aceite de Sacha inchi puede ser utilizado en mezcla con diésel para la fabricación de biocombustibles en la proporción de 20% aceite de sacha inchi + 80% diésel (B20), sin que haya alteración de las propiedades del diésel y sin que se afecte negativamente los motores que funcionan a partir de este combustible.
Demandas de representação e comunicação no Facebook: análise de fanpages de organizações indigenistas
Authors: Barros Thiago Almeida , Corradi Analaura , Barros Gecilene Magalhães Marinho
Published: December 2021

Este artigo consiste em análise de conteúdo das fanpages das organizações Mobilização Nacional Indígena e Conselho Indigenista Missionário na rede social Facebook, entre agosto e novembro de 2017, considerando a proposta dos elementos de cultura de comunicação on-line de Kavada (2013) e identificação de demandas de representação (representative claim) segundo Saward (2010). Os resultados indicam que as organizações levantam demandas semelhantes, como a demarcação de terras indígenas, mas têm diferenças em relação à abordagem dos conteúdos, fins e funções da comunicação, o que abre espaço para problemas quanto à representação política não eleitoral de povos indígenas.Representative claims and communication on Facebook: indigenists organizations fan pages analysisAbstractThis article consists of content analysis of the fan pages of the organizations Mobilização Nacional Indígena and Conselho Indigenista Missionário on the Facebook, between August and November 2017, considering the proposal of the elements of Kavada's online communication culture (2013) and identification of representative claims (SAWARD, 2010). The results indicate that the organizations raise similar demands, such as the demarcation of indigenous lands, but have differences in relation to the approach to the contents and purposes and functions of communication, which opens space for problems regarding the non-electoral political representation of indigenous peoples.Keywords: indigenous movement; Facebook; political representation; communication culture.
Assédio sexista no ambiente acadêmico e o caso midiatizado da UFCG: as redes sociais como aliadas na militância online
Authors: Carvalho Zulmira Nóbrega Piva de , Rodrigues Suzy Anne Batista
Published: December 2021

O assédio sexista — comportamento discriminatório por sexo ou gênero, expondo alguém a uma situação degradante —,traz consequências negativas também no ambiente acadêmico. Este artigo analisa a circulação da notícia de um caso de assédio ocorrido na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG) em outubro de 2020, a partir de comentários no Instagram. Para tanto, reconstitui o caso midiatizado, mostrando os circuitos de circulação e as consequências para o desenlace do fato. A base teórica traz conceitos de midiatização e circulação. Como resultados, tem-se que as enunciações nesses circuitos culminaram num movimento de militância online para a tomada de decisões por parte das autoridades acadêmicas.Sexist harassment in the academic environment and the mediated case of UFCG: social networks as allies in online militancyAbstractSexist harassment — discriminatory behavior by sex or gender, exposing someone to a degrading situation — has negative consequences also in the academic environment. This article analyzes the circulation of news about a case of harassment that occurred at the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG) in October 2020, based on comments on Instagram. Therefore, it reconstructs the mediatized case, showing the circulation circuits and consequences for the outcome of the fact. The theoretical basis brings concepts of mediatization and circulation. As a result, we have that the enunciations in these circuits culminated in an online militancy movement for decisionmaking by academic authorities.Keywords: Social networks; mediatized case; ciculatino circuits; online militancy; scheduling.
A vida e o vídeo: a teoria de Carlos Nader
Authors: Malinowski Gabriel Gesualdi
Published: December 2021

A partir dos estudos cinematográficos da teoria do cineasta, o presente artigo investiga a prática artística de Carlos Nader. Vencedor do Festival É Tudo Verdade de 2008, 2014 e 2015, Nader é um dos documentaristas mais premiados nas últimas décadas no Brasil. Por meio de filmes, escritos e algumas entrevistas do cineasta, elaboramos três conceituações. Trata-se de uma teoria que traz reflexões instigantes sobre a produção audiovisual no mundo contemporâneo, e aposta numa relação indissociável entre a vida e vídeo. Nesse sentido, a teoria de Carlos Nader pode contribuir para os estudos com essa temática, sobretudo no campo da Comunicação.Life and vídeo: Carlos Nader’s theoryAbstractBased on cinematographic studies of filmmaker theory, this article investigates Carlos Nader's artistic practice. Winner of the É Tudo Verdade Festival in 2008, 2014 and 2015, Nader is one of the most awarded documentarians in Brazil in recent decades. Through films, writings and some interviews with the filmmaker, we elaborated three concepts. It is a theory that brings intriguing reflections on audiovisual production in the contemporary world, and bets on an inseparable relationship between life and video. In this sense, Carlos Nader's theory can contribute to studies on this theme, especially in the field of Communication.Keywords: Filmmaker’s theory; Carlos Nader; audiovisual; archive.
A condução narrativa na subjetividade de um personagem com Alzheimer: encruzilhada de incertezas no roteiro do filme Meu Pai
Authors: Dias Mariana , Moratelli Valmir
Published: December 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo explorar possibilidades narrativas de um narrador-personagem com a Doença de Alzheimer. Tendo como objeto o filme Meu Pai (The Father, 2020), discute-se as escolhas textuais e imagéticas para a imersão do espectador na dualidade das cenas, além das fragilidades inseridas nos processos mnemônicos do protagonista. Como metodologia, descreve-se o emaranhado narrativo, a partir da definição biomédica da doença, conhecida por atingir a memória do sujeito. Como aspectos conclusivos, aponta-se como a obra audiovisual contribui para compreensão de consequências sociais do Alzheimer, possibilitando criar empatia a respeito desta doença ainda sem cura definitiva.The narrative diretion in the subjectivity of a character with Alzheimer’s: crossroads of uncertainties in the script for the film The FatherAbstractThe article aims to explore narratives of a narrator-character with Alzheimer's Disease. With the object of the film The Father (2020), the textual and imagery choices for the immersion of the spectator in the duality of the scenes are discussed, in addition to the weaknesses inserted in the protagonist's mnemonic processes. As a methodology, we teach the narrative entanglement, from the biomedical definition of the disease, known for reaching the subject's memory. As the conclusive aspects, it is pointed out how an audiovisual work contributes to the understanding of the social consequences of Alzheimer's, making it possible to create empathy about this disease that still has no definitive cure.Keywords: Memory; old age; alzheimer’s.
Strategic Planning and Sustainable Innovation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review
Authors: Waiganjo Moses , Godinic Danijela , Bojan Obrenovic
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 crisis posed an opportunity for entering new avenues and market segments for large and financially viable enterprises, whilst SMEs lacking resources for such maneuver required cost-effective and quick-fix solutions. In this literature review, we reflect on the drivers of sustainable development of SMEs compared to their larger counterparts during major disasters. We have analyzed prior studies drawing from the concept of “sustainability“ during COVID-19, published between 2020-2021, as well as relevant studies from the domains of crisis management, sustainability, enterprise sustainability, digitisation effects on sustainability, sustainable business practices. Each research was screened to check for the content relevance to the subject matter. The paper suggests that radical sustaining innovation in service delivery combined with diversification could be fostered to mitigate risks and ensure SMEs survival in times of economic downturn. The paper adds to the existing body of organizational knowledge on entrepreneurial sustainability deriving from multiple perspectives on the subject. The conceptual framework developed in this article was designed to provide pragmatic recommendations for SME owners, entrepreneurs, managers and academicians. We find that there are grounds for SMEs to concentrate on innovating in the context of products and services that are considered revenue-generating for same-industry large enterprises, considering this strategy allows SMEs to align their interests and engage in cooperation with competition.
The intercultural encounter as a communicative event subject to mediation
Authors: Zarzycka Grażyna
Published: December 2021

The aim of this article is to discuss the place and role of the intercultural encounter (IE) in communication and education, including in foreign language teaching. Firstly, I present the IE as a communicative event and define it using terms developed by ethnographers of speech (communication). Secondly, I discuss the concepts contained in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. Companion Volume with New Descriptors (CEFR 2018) relating to the mediation of text, concepts, and communication, and present the original definition of mediation in intercultural contacts. That section emphasises that mediation does not only act as an intermediary facilitating the course of a communication event but also as an “understanding interview with oneself.” Next, I discuss theoretical concepts related to the IE, I describe it as a tool used in teaching and intercultural education, and I present a description of the IE by a student of the Teaching Polish as a Foreign/Second Language course at the University of Lodz. Finally, I analyse an example description of an IE and present preliminary conclusions on how to use IE descriptions in various educational contexts.
Organizacja jednostki lekcyjnej oraz realizacja celów i zadań dydaktycznych na lekcjach języka polskiego w szkole dla dzieci niesłyszących i słabosłyszących – o potrzebie podejścia glottodydaktycznego
Authors: Jachimowska Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

W artykule opisano cechy jednostki lekcyjnej w wybranych klasach szkoły podstawowej i gimnazjum w szkole dla dzieci niesłyszących i słabosłyszących. Badania struktury lekcji oraz efekty realizacji celów i zadań dydaktycznych lekcji nauki o języku polskim przyniosły konstatację o potrzebie zmian w nauczaniu osób niesłyszących języka polskiego. Perspektywa zastosowania metod glottodydaktycznych w nauczaniu dzieci z dysfunkcją słuchu w celu uzyskania zamierzonych efektów kształcenia otwiera pole badawcze mało jeszcze eksplorowane na gruncie polskiej nauki. Na podstawie zebranego materiału zwrócono uwagę na konieczność zweryfikowania podejścia do nauczania języka polskiego osób niesłyszących i słabosłyszących, ponieważ dotychczasowe metody nauczania są nieefektywne.
Gramatyka z kulturą – o współczesnych ścieżkach nauczania gramatyki
Authors: Maliszewski Bartłomiej
Published: December 2021

Przy rozwijaniu kompetencji gramatycznej główny nacisk jest położony na pragmatykę językową (skuteczność komunikacji), a znajomość gramatyki jest traktowana jako środek budowania wypowiedzi, które służą realizowaniu poszczególnych intencji nadawczych. Widoczna staje się tu również dbałość o atrakcyjność zadań oraz łączenie zagadnień gramatycznych z przekazywaniem wiedzy o polskiej kulturze, co stanowi temat niniejszego artykułu. Wyrażenie: „gramatyka z kulturą” poprzez swoją wieloznaczność pozwala scharakteryzować współczesne sposoby kształtowania kompetencji gramatycznej w nauczaniu języka polskiego jako obcego. „Z kulturą” znaczy tu: kulturalnie (atrakcyjnie, przejrzyście), z nauczaniem zasad etykiety oraz z elementami wiedzy o polskiej kulturze.
Reversed "Betrayal Funnel". A Case of a Children's Home Inmate Who Suffers from Being Disloyal to Her Alcoholic Family
Authors: Waniek Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

This paper attempts to examine biographical consequences and costs of growing up in an alcoholic home and to scrutinize the development of biographical identity of an adult woman (Natalia) who lives with conviction that as a teenager she “dared” to bring into question the “normality” of her own family when escaping the collective alcoholic trajectory of her family through attempting suicide and entering a children’s home. Consequently, she is still guilt-ridden since she feels responsible for destroying the facade of a (false and illusionary) positive family image and for being the one who managed to get out of the collective trajectory of suffering. On the basis of the concept of “betrayal funnel,” as described by Erving Goffman, it is shown that Natalia was sort of “framed” in “reversed betrayal funnel” by a school psychologist – who probably intended to help but her activities turned out badly in the long run. Furthermore, it is argued that her subjective definition of the course of events in her life results not only in a (subliminal) nagging sense of guilt (strengthened by a negative “me” image created by her family) and her obsessive responsibility for her parents and siblings but – in spite of a fulfilling and meaningful life – it still impedes all her attempts to work the trajectory potential through. This has a strong influence on her current world of everyday existence, her personal identity, and biographical orientation.
Problematyka odbudowy miast w polskim dyskursie prasowym lat pierwszej wojny światowej i wojny polsko-bolszewickiej
Authors: Śmiechowski Kamil
Published: December 2021

W artykule opisano, jak kwestia odbudowy miast była przedstawiana w prasie Królestwa Polskiego w okresie pierwszej wojny światowej oraz wojny polsko-rosyjskiej. Ten niemal ośmioletni okres charakteryzowało stałe pojawianie się refleksji nad zniszczeniami wojennymi, koniecznością odbudowy tkanki miejskiej zdewastowanej w wyniku działań wojennych oraz przeprowadzenia reformy miast polskich. W dyskursie publicznym tamtych czasów zarysowały się pewne powtarzające się wątki, które można uznać za świadectwo dużej wagi tego problemu dla współczesnych, ale i modernizacyjnego charakteru ich rozterek i komentarzy. Do najważniejszych z nich zaliczyć wypada nacjonalistyczny ton piszących połączony z przekonaniem o potrzebie wypracowania nowego modelu architektonicznego polskiego miasta. Okres ten stanowił zatem podglebie dla rozwoju „stylu dworkowego”, charakterystycznego dla architektury publicznej Odrodzonej Rzeczypospolitej.
Doświadczenia Suwałk z pierwszej i drugiej wojny światowej
Authors: Łach Halina
Published: December 2021

Suwałki przed pierwszą i drugą wojną światową leżały na wysuniętym północnym obszarze przygranicznym. Ze względu na położenie geograficzne doświadczyły dramatycznych skutków obu wojen. Przed wybuchem pierwszej wojny światowej były stolicą guberni suwalskiej położonej w północnej części Królestwa Polskiego będącego pod zaborem rosyjskim. Obszar guberni wyznaczała na zachodzie granica rosyjsko-pruska. Po zakończeniu wojny i odzyskaniu przez Polskę niepodległości Suwałki znalazły się w granicach II Rzeczypospolitej. Zostały siedzibą starostwa powiatu suwalskiego leżącego w obrębie województwa białostockiego położonego na północy kraju. Powiat na zachodzie graniczył z niemieckimi Prusami Wschodnimi, natomiast na północy i wschodzie z Litwą. Miasto położone w pobliżu granicy pruskiej miało duże znaczenie wojskowe. W razie wojny z Cesarstwem Niemieckim gubernia suwalska traktowana była przez Rosjan jako strefa osłony od strony zachodniej oraz jako przedpole do natarcia w głąb Prus Wschodnich. W II Rzeczypospolitej Suwalszczyzna stanowiła strefę buforową między Litwą i niemieckimi Prusami Wschodnimi oraz stwarzała warunki do planowania oskrzydlającego ataku na jednego lub drugiego przeciwnika. Obie wojny światowe odcisnęły piętno na codziennym życiu miasta i jego mieszkańców. Po wyparciu Rosjan Suwałki i Suwalszczyzna znalazły się pod okupacją niemiecką. Okupanci prowadzili na ogromną skalę eksploatację ekonomiczną obszaru i ludności do końca wojny. Natomiast w okresie drugiej wojny światowej Suwalszczyzna została włączona do Rzeszy Niemieckiej i od pierwszych dni Niemcy przystąpili do fizycznej eksterminacji ludności.
Miasto i wojna. Zabytki archeologiczne w zbiorach muzeum POLIN
Authors: Frączkiewicz Marta
Published: December 2021

W kolekcji Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich w Warszawie oprócz dzieł sztuki, pamiątek historycznych czy judaików można odnaleźć także ruchome zabytki archeologiczne. Część z tych obiektów została zebrana w trakcie badań wykopaliskowych prowadzonych w 1998 i 2009 r. na terenie, na którym obecnie znajduje się muzeum. Pozostałe to przypadkowe znaleziska. Celem artykułu jest zarówno pokazanie specyfiki obiektów wykopanych z gruzowiska getta warszawskiego, jak i próba naświetlenia historii, którą owe przedmioty nam opowiadają. Ponieważ nie jesteśmy w stanie uzyskać informacji dotyczących „biografii rzeczy” wydobytych z ziemi od ich pierwotnych właścicieli, bezcenne źródło wiedzy na temat historii obiektów, a także osób, do których dawniej należały, stanowi dokumentacja wykonana podczas badań wykopaliskowych. Omawiane w tekście zabytki archeologiczne są świadectwem życia i codzienności mieszkańców getta, jednocześnie przypominając nam o ich tragicznych losach.
Architektura okupacyjna – projekty nazistowskie w Poznaniu
Authors: Grzeszczuk-Brendel Hanna
Published: December 2021

Wojna wiąże się najczęściej ze zniszczeniami i wstrzymaniem prac budowlanych, wobec czego ożywiona aktywność nazistowska w Poznaniu stawia pytanie o ideowe funkcje architektury. W czasie drugiej wojny światowej powstawały w ówczesnej stolicy Gau Wartheland nie tylko liczne projekty urbanistyczno-architektoniczne, ale też wznoszono wiele osiedli mieszkaniowych, zakładano tereny zieleni i prowadzono przebudowę dawnego zamku cesarskiego na Deutsches Schloss. Przebudowa zamku jako siedziby Hitlera jednoznacznie wyrażała dominację III Rzeszy nad podbitymi terenami, ale taka była też funkcja budynków mieszkaniowych. Wiele z tych zamierzeń otrzymało status „ważnych dla działań wojennych”, co każe traktować architekturę jako środek zabezpieczający zdobycze wojenne, a osadników jako kolonizatorów i okupantów. Osiedla mieszkaniowe reprezentowały modelowe cechy masowego budownictwa opracowywanego dla czasów powojennych, miały więc dokumentować opanowanie „po wieczne czasy” terenów włączonych do III Rzeszy, a także służyły ich przekształcaniu zgodnie z ideologią nazistowską.
Characterization and pathogenicity of a Pythium aphanidermatum isolate causing ‘damping off’ in pepper seedlings
Authors: Jiménez-Pérez Omar , Gallegos-Morales Gabriel , Hernández-Castillo Francisco Daniel , Cepeda-Siller Melchor , Espinoza-Ahumada Cesar Alejandro
Published: December 2021

The production of the pepper seedling (Capsicum annuum) is affected by the fungal complex that causes the ‘damping-off’, in which some species of the oomycete Pythium spp., stand out. The objective of the present study was to identify the causal agent of the death of pepper plants and evaluate its pathogenicity in pepper seeds and seedlings. A fast and aggressive growing oomycete was isolate from pepper plants, morphologically identified as P. aphanidermatum based on its sexual and asexual reproduction structures and, by molecular techniques. This isolate had a high degree of in vitro pathogenicity in pre-emergence and post-emergence in chile, showing 100% mortality. In addition, it presented a high rate of mycelial growth in different culture media (V8-Agar, Corn Agar, Corn Potato Agar, Potato Dextrose Agar, Czapek & Oat Agar), being in V8-Agar medium the only medium where it developed reproduction structures sexual and asexual. The isolation presented a mycelial growth rate of 58.3 ± 0.3 mm / day at 26 ± 2 °C in PDA medium. Due to its rapid growth and its high degree of pathogenicity in vitro, it is an unusual and aggressive isolate for pepper seedlings.
Symptoms and symptom clusters in adolescents with cancer
Authors: Semerci Remziye , Akgunmela  Kostak Melahat , Eren Tuba , Savran Filiz , Avci Gulcan
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Clinical specialists have suggested that adolescents with cancer experience multiple problems including physical, psychological, and emotional symptoms. This study aimed to identify symptoms and symptoms clusters among adolescent inpatients and outpatients receiving cancer treatment. The study’s sample consisted of 26 adolescents who were selected with the purposeful sampling method in a paediatric oncology unit in Edirne, Turkey. Data were collected using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS). From the results of the research, in terms of symptoms, outpatients reported a greater lack of concentration than inpatients did. Inpatients reported more hair loss and weight loss symptoms than outpatients. Adolescent inpatients and outpatients experienced the most symptoms during the treatment. Inpatient adolescents experienced more acute treatment-related symptoms than did outpatients. The study recommends regular monitoring and screening for nurses to identify symptom and symptom clusters.
Keywords: Adolescent; nursing; symptom cluster; symptom assessment; cancer;
Travma Deneyimlemiş Bir Örneklemde Durumluk Öfke Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlama Çalışması
Authors: CANKARDAŞ Sinem , ŞALCIOĞLU Ebru
Published: December 2021

Öfke, birçok ruhsal problem ile birlikte ortaya çıkan, kimi zaman bir semptom olarak da ele alınan, bu nedenle klinik araştırmalar-da ölçülmesinin faydalı olacağı duygusal bir tepkidir. Bu çalışmada Durumluk Öfke Ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması, geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin sınanması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini fiziksel ve cinsel şiddet deneyimi olan, yaşları 18 – 57 arasında değişen 578 kadın oluşturmaktadır. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılığı hem Cronbach alfa katsayısı hem de iki yarım test güvenirliği hesaplana-rak; yapı geçerliliği açımlayıcı faktör analizi kullanılarak, ölçüt bağıntılı geçerliliği travmatik stres ve sürekli öfke puanları arasın-daki ilişki incelenerek ve yordayıcı geçerliliği regresyon analizi yapılarak test edilmiştir. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık kat sayısı .94; iki yarım test güvenirliği .88 ve Guttman İki-Yarı kat sayısı .89 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan faktör analizinde ölçeğin iki faktörden oluştu-ğu, iki faktör arasında yüksek düzey pozitif ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Durumluk öfke düzeyi ile travmatik stres belirtileri arasında yüksek düzey pozitif ilişki olduğu, durumluk öfke düzeyinin travmatik stres belirtilerindeki değişimin %22’sini açıkladığı görül-müştür. Bu bulgular Durumluk Öfke Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Durumluk öfke ölçeğinin, özellikle psikolojik travma alanında yapılan çalışmalarda hem tedavi etkililiğinin tespit edilmesinde hem de önleyici çalışmalar geliştirmede kullanılabilecek yardımcı bir araç olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Grouper nursery development in sea floating net cage through the application of meniran and garlic powder in feed
Authors: Effendi Irzal , Pratama Ahmad Trio , Mulyadin Aldy , Wahjuningrum Dinamella
Published: December 2021

Untuk mendukung usaha budidaya ikan kerapu kini tengah digalakkan sistem pendederan intensif dalam keramba jaring apung (KJA) di laut. Salah satu cara untuk menjaga kondisi ikan tetap sehat dalam sistem tersebut yaitu dengan pemberian fitofarmaka seperti meniran-bawang putih. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi penambahan tepung meniran-bawang putih melalui pakan terhadap status kesehatan dan kinerja produksi benih ikan kerapu cantang pada pendederan dalam keramba jaring apung di laut. Benih ikan kerapu cantang (panjang 8.27 ± 0.16 cm dan bobot 10.89 ± 0.83 g) dipelihara dalam KJA berupa waring 1x1x1.5 m3 dan diberi pakan dengan penambahan tepung meniran-bawang putih 20 + 25 g/kg pakan selama 7 hari dan 14 hari pertama pemeliharaan, serta tanpa tepung meniran-bawang putih (kontrol) sebagai perlakuan. Ikan dipelihara selama 42 hari dan disampling setiap 2 minggu untuk diambil darah serta diukur bobot dan panjangnya. Penambahan tepung meniran-bawang putih selama 14 hari pada pakan ikan kerapu dapat meningkatkan status kesehatan dan kinerja produksi.
 
Kata kunci: ikan kerapu cantang, kinerja produksi, meniran-bawang putih, status kesehatan.
The Analysis Of Stenberg's Triangle Love Theory On Early Adult Couples Of Ba'lawi Arab Descent Who Experienced Arranged Marriages
Authors: Syihab Naziha , Syihab Aisyah , Kusumawardhani Sri Juwita
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the distribution of types of love based on Stenberg's Triangle Love Theory in primary adult of Ba'alawi Arab descent couples in Jakarta who experienced an arranged marriage. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method with descriptive statistical analysis. The measuring instrument used is the Triangular of Love Scale (TLS) to measure the type of love and the Arranged Marriage Questionnaire (AMQ) to see attitudes in selecting a partner for marriage. Respondents in this study were 154 people, with the sample characteristics being early adults aged 21-40 years, experiencing arranged marriages, married with a marriage age range of 0-10 years, and the last education was at least high school, and lived in Jakarta. The results of this study indicate that the distribution of the type of love that respondents have is more dominant in non-love (53.9%), consummate love (22.1%), and empty love (11%). In this study, it is understandable that respondents prefer to marry in a way that tends not in an arranged marriage (56.5%).
Księgozbiór księdza Stefana Baranowicza, proboszcza parafii knyszyńskiej (1711–1729) w diecezji wileńskiej
Authors: Zimnoch Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

Stan badań i źródła. Ksiądz Stefan Baranowicz i parafia knyszyńska. Księgozbiór księdza Stefana Baranowicza — tematyka, autorzy książek. Księgozbiory kościelne w Knyszynie — duchownego i parafialny.
Understanding and motivation for reading in eighteenth-century Finland
Authors: Laine Tuija
Published: December 2021

Reading skills were part of Christian education in early modern Finland. According to the church law (1686), it was a task of parents to teach their children to read. If they were unable to do it, for example because they were illiterate themselves, they could receive help from their parish. It was important for a Christian to acquaint him/herself with the basics of Christianity by reading the Catechism.

The ability to read was not sufficient. People were also supposed to understand the text they read. If they did not understand it, they were not motivated to read. Among the understanding strategies memorising was used most frequently. It was based on repetitive reading, which was a common reading strategy in early modern Finland – not least because the amount of books in vernacular was still small. The same texts were read again and again. The strategy is also called intensive reading. Better readers even used observation strategies. They estimated their knowledge and understanding during the reading process.

According to Deci and Ryan (Motivation, Personality and Development within Embedded Social Contexts: An Overview of Self-Determination Theory, 2012), there are three fundamental psychological needs, which bring not only well-being but also motivation to people. They are competence, autonomy and relationship. In early modern Finland these needs were satisfied in various ways. In general, those who were more familiar with religious speech and reading, as a result of their family background or because of their friends, learnt quickly, made better progress and proved their competence and autonomy in reading. Others, who had less support from their family or community, had poorer religious vocabulary, more difficulties to understand what they read and less motivation to read. They were afraid of the examinations in the Catechism and of the social pressure in such circumstances. They also felt inadequacy in reading.
Literatura dla dzieci w języku kaszubskim: książki i ich czytelnicy
Authors: Stanulewicz Danuta
Published: December 2021

Klasyfikacja książek/utworów dla dzieci wydawanych po kaszubsku. Czytelnicy — dzieci uczące się języka kaszubskiego w szkole. Listy bestsellerów księgarni Kaszubska Książka i Księgarni Kaszubsko-Pomorskiej Czec. Popularność książek w języku kaszubskim wśród czytelników korzystających z bibliotek w Gdańsku, Gdyni i Wejherowie.
O elementach fantastyki w literaturze XVI i XVII wieku. Wizje niezwykłych krain, państw i miast
Authors: Maciejewska Anna
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to present elements of fantasy in selected works of old literature. It focuses above all on presenting the amazing places shown in literary works created in the 16th and 17th centuries. The author also shows similarities between fantasy, fairy tale, and utopia. Science fiction was created on the basis of utopia or anti-utopia, which lost their cognitive functions and began to discuss the characters’ adventures in such a way as to primarily provide entertainment to readers. In addition, the author points out that in the Renaissance era, Western European literary works containing elements of fantasy were primarily utopian or fairy-tale in nature. Their main role, however, was not to fulfill the entertainment function. It was only in the 19th century that leisure literature was discovered, when the ability to read and access to the text spread.
Szekspirowskie przywołania w polskiej literaturze kryminalnej (rekonesans)
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Adam
Published: December 2021

Taking into consideration the variety of Shakespearean elements both in world and Polish literature, it is hard to resist the impression that it is the phenomenon without which European culture would be impossible to imagine. At the same time, the writer — whose works not only constitute an important part of Western culture and determine its canon, but also have an influence on current, globalised culture — is perceived as a “dangerous trap”. The above-mentioned danger seems to derive, paradoxically, from the ubiquity of Shakespeare’s works, which are used as a point of reference for modern stories and sometimes treated instrumentally as the “culture brand”. However, it is important to determine if the reception of Shakespeare — present in the socio-cultural aesthetics as well as in the area of paratheatrical avant-garde — among Polish audience is followed by the pop-cultural assimilation of his works.

The success on the market of crime fiction whose authors relate to Shakespeare’s works implies the reductio ad absurdum question: how much of Shakespeare remains in these Shakespearean inspirations? Are they really inspirations or is Shakespeare only the brand-author who, due to his name, elevates a given text on the cultural level? If that was the case, we would be experiencing the branding after the pattern of culturally imposed stereotypes. They are in turn assimilated by the popular culture and have a significant impact on the everyday behaviours of the readers — including their attitude towards the past. Thus, tracking the Shakespearean traces within this cultural circuit usually remains a “wishful thinking”, while countless Polish stories (or the ones that the readers know from translations into the Polish language) about “crime and punishment” are the exceptions that prove the rule.
Narkopowieść latynoamerykańska: rzeczywistość z Szekspirem w tle
Authors: Jastrzębska Adriana Sara
Published: December 2021

Latin American literature is not rich in references to the works of Shakespeare, but rather focuses on its own tradition. The premise on which this article is based, however, is that the reality of the region displays Shakespearean characteristics.

The aim of this article is to present a subgenre, or a literary convention, known as a narconovel. The configuration of the represented world in this noir novel variant is determined by the drug trade with its far-reaching social and cultural implications.

The narconovel is an important part of the most recent literature in Colombia, Mexico, and other countries of the region. This article addresses associations and disassociations between the narconovel and the crime fiction convention, centering on Shakespearean motifs, related in this case to the concepts of power, crime, guilt, and punishment.