bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Victimization in traditional and cyberbullying as risk factors for substance use, self-harm and suicide attempts in high school students
Authors: Azami Mohammad Saeed , Taremian Farhad
Published: September 2020

Background:

Traditional bullying (or peer bullying) is considered a common and unpleasant experience among students and has serious consequences such as mental health problems and unhealthy behavior. In recent years, another type of bullying named cyberbullying has emerged as a growing problem with negative effects on school achievement, physiology, and mental health of its victims.

Objective:

The purpose of this research is to examine and compare the roles of traditional and cyberbullying victimization in substance use, self-harm and suicide attempts.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study and conducted in 2019. A total of 425 high school students were selected for the study in Kermanshah, Iran. For conducting the survey, a multi-stage cluster randomized procedure was used and 18 classes in six different high schools in three urban areas were selected. A total of 400 students (mean age 16.61 years, 53.2% girls) responded to the survey, and it provided usable information for the research. Data were analyzed through binary logistic regression analyses.

Results:

The analysis results revealed that 54.2% of students (n = 217) have experienced traditional or cyber victimization. Any kind of victimization was associated with self-harm. Cyber victimization alone and the combination of cyber plus traditional victimization showed significant association with suicide and substance use. Risk of substance use, self-harm, and suicide was higher when students experienced both types of bullying than when they experienced just one kind of bullying alone.

Conclusions:

The results of this study suggest that traditional and cyber victims may require immediate intervention to reduce the negative effects of victimization. Also, prevention programs should consider the possible relationship between traditional and cyber victimization and substance use, self-harm, and suicide.
Seni Beluk Cikondang Indigenous Village Reviewed from the Perspective of Music Education
Authors: Cipta Febbry , Gunara Sandie , Sutanto Toni Setiawan
Published: September 2020

The research was conducted to develop a music model based on local wisdom at Cikondang village, Pangalengan, West Java. The research problem was that, along with the changing times, the next generation tended to ignore the values of local wisdom. Therefore, through music learning, the values of art could be understood and actualized in everyday life. Music (nembang and ngabeluk) became a medium to express values in pupuh verses which contained wawacan about the relationship between man and their God, man, and others, and man and their surroundings. The data collection was done using observation, interview, and literature review then analyzed with the music education approach. The obtained results reveal that the learning process of seni beluk in Cikondang Village has taken place in the context of community education which is done informally, and formed naturally. There is no invitation or coercion from the elders to the next generation to learn this art form. Meanwhile, for people from the next generation who has a passion for learning. The learning steps do not only train their techniques, but they also learn about the values ingrained in the pupuh verses.
Reflection on Technology-Enhanced Learning in Research Based Teaching Method Implementation
Authors: Putri Marisca Revani
Published: September 2020

The research aimed to investigate the utilization of technological tools in implementing the research-based teaching method in English for Academic Writing Course. The narrative research design was implemented to reach the conclusion of the research. 66 (sixty-six) students enrolled in English for Academic Writing Course were observed. Lecturer’s reflective journal and portfolios were analyzed. An online interview was conducted to confirm the initial findings. There were six technological tools and applications utilized during the preparation process, instruction, and practice process, as well as in the assessment and transfer process. Through a structured reflection process based on Gibbs’ model of reflection, the result shows that the students’ motivation is increased during the use of technology. Technology also enables students to work collaboratively. Nevertheless, preparation and briefing are needed to be done before the class begins. Like the classic problem of technology implementation, internet access becomes the main challenge in conducting Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL) in the classroom.
Structural characteristics of twin-screw compressor rotor based on thermal-solid coupling method
Authors: Li Tuolei , Wang Junli , Lei Shuai , Zhang Wensheng , Ren Zhigui
Published: September 2020

High-temperature gas will cause stress and deformation of the rotor during the operation of the twin-screw compressor, which will affect the structural performance of the screw rotor. Based on the CFD/CSD coupling solution technology, the method of thermal solid numerical analysis is developed. The fluid control equations are time-averaged differential equations, and the turbulence model is a two-equation Realizable K-ε model. The thermal deformation and thermal stress of the rotor are obtained by solving the structural static equilibrium equation. The reliability of the proposed method is verified by solving the thermal deformation of the L-shaped large-diameter buried pipeline. Finally, the thermal deformation and thermal stress of the rotor under different exhaust pressures and different speeds are mainly studied. Through simulation analysis, the variation law of rotor deformation, stress and modal under different temperature fields of the compressor is obtained, which can provide a certain theoretical reference for the compressor structural design and optimization.
A simple field essay for detecting departures from expected performance in small-scale, remote or rural wastewater treatment plants
Authors: von Sperling Marcos , Lima Emmanuelle Machado Maia Nogueira , de Andrade Moraes Mirene Augusta
Published: September 2020

A scientific basis is given to the traditional method of inferring effluent quality based on visualization of samples in transparent flasks. A scale of 1–6, with different printed grey intensities, is placed behind transparent PET bottles containing the sample, and gives an indication of the range of turbidity in the sample (1 is the most transparent and can only be visualized if the effluent is well clarified; in the other spectrum, 6 is the darkest and indicates highly turbid effluents). Turbidity has been correlated with total suspended solids (TSS), particulate biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and particulate chemical oxygen demand (COD) based on thousands of monitored data collected in the effluent from seven different treatment processes in Brazil: upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, trickling filters, activated sludge, horizontal wetland, vertical wetland, polishing ponds and coarse filter after pond. The method is simple and instantaneous, can be used in virtually all places and in every visit of the operator to the remote treatment plant, allows recording of the image in smartphones, does not use any equipment, chemicals or energy, and has been showed to represent well the effluent quality of existing treatment plants. This essay is complementary and does not substitute specific traditional sampling and analysis, but allows easy inference of deterioration of effluent quality.
Os bastidores da mente humana durante o sono!
Authors: Lage Pessoa da Costa Flávia , Rodrigues de Oliveira Luciana , Gavioli de Oliveira Mariana
Published: September 2020

A obra literária, através de uma abordagem que mistura ficção à princípios neurocientíficos, explica o funcionamento da mente humana e dos sonhos. Bárbara, a personagem principal, ao adormecer lendo um livro, sonha com diferentes contos de fadas, que são explicados de forma correlata a algum aspecto fisiológico cerebral, pelo detetive Sherlock Holmes, de maneira lúdica e didática
A formação de pesquisadores no espaço grupal
Authors: Foletto Denize da Silveira , De Aguiar Isaia Silvia Maria
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo compartilhar os resultados de uma pesquisa que procurou identificar, interpretar e compreender a dinâmica constitutiva do Grupo de Análise Narrativa Discursiva (GAND) para a elaboração de uma Análise Narrativa Discursiva Grupal (ANDG). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com o apoio no referencial teórico da Teoria da Ação Comunicativa de Habermas (2012), e que utilizou como procedimento de interpretação a abordagem hermenêutica-reconstrutiva. A coleta de dados incluiu a transcrição das quinze reuniões do GAND, entrevistas semiestruturadas com os membros e o diário de campo da pesquisadora. Como resultado, a dinâmica constitutiva do GAND decorreu do esforço de construção de uma ANDG, gerando formação de pesquisadores e foi atravessada por interações intersubjetivas entre as integrantes. Assim, a expectativa é que esse trabalho sirva de incentivo para experiências formativas, tendo em vista contribuir com a formação de um pesquisador multiplicador e independente, que saiba dialogar com o mundo da vida.
Subjetividades de um ensino
Authors: Zaluski Jorge Luiz
Published: September 2020

Este texto insere-se nos estudos de gênero e da História do Tempo Presente. Com os aportes teóricos metodológicos desses campos, busca-se refletir sobre as subjetividades construídas por meio do processo de ensino das décadas de 1970-1980. Como estudo de caso, foram utilizadas como fonte de análise, entrevistas com Liza, estudante do período, e que frequentou a Escola Ana Vanda Bassara, em Guarapuava-PR. Essa investigação permitiu compreender parte da vida escolar da estudante, a construção de subjetividades, e perceber como as marcações de gênero foram utilizadas na reafirmação de uma educação que idealizou mulheres para serem donas de casa conforme características da sociedade da época. Através dessa observação também foi possível perceber como a proposta de ensino e as distinções sociais de gênero já existentes influenciaram na trajetória pessoal da estudante. Assim, este estudo contribui para outras investigações que busquem estabelecer comparações do ensino escolar de lugares e contextos históricos distintos.
PROPOSTA DE UMA CARTA GEOTÉCNICA PRELIMINAR DE FUNDAÇÕES PARA A REGIÃO CENTRO-NORTE DE FORTALEZA-CE
Authors: Pimentel Helano Wilson , Moura Alfran Sampaio , Carneiro Andressa de Araújo
Published: September 2020

O artigo trata da estruturação do banco de dados de informações geotécnicas georeferenciado e elaboração de uma carta preliminar de fundações refente a região centro-norte da cidade de Fortaleza. Utilizando o software Google Earth, foi coletado 395 furos de sondagens à percussão em empresas locais e delineado 23 regiões. A partir de um tratamento estatístico, traçou-se mapas de isovalores de NSPT nas profundidades de 2, 5 e 10 m, do Nível d’água (NA)  e para cada região foi determinada, ainda, uma sondagem representativa. Após estabelecido três portes de edificações elaborou-se uma carta preliminar de fundações. Conclui-se que o sistema utilizado no georeferenciamento dos dados coletados é adequado, possui fácil manuseio e utiliza arquivos de pequeno tamanho. Considerando edificações de pequeno porte, na maioria das vezes, pode-se utilizar fundações do tipo sapata assente a pequenas profundidades. Para edificações de médio e grande porte recomenda-se o uso de estacas e estima-se, preliminarmente, comprimentos que variam com o posicionamento da região.
Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) and Immune System Profile in Specific Subgroups with COVID-19
Authors: de Barcelos Ubaldo Martins Ludimila , Jabour Luiz Gustavo Pessoa Pires , Vieira Cristina Cerqueira , Nery Lucas Crepaldi Carvalho , Dias Raphael F. , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina
Published: September 2020

Background:

The identification of vulnerable subgroups and risk factors associated with the susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are of
utmost importance in a pandemic scenario. Potential interactions between renin-angiotensin system (RAS), immune markers
and COVID-19 play a role in disease outcome in specific groups of patients.

Objective:

This review aimed to describe the particularities of the RAS and the immune system
profile of particular subgroups of patients.

Methods:

This non-systematic review summarizes evidence on SARS-CoV-2 infection in
specific subgroups of patients and possible relationships between immune system, RAS and
the pathophysiology of COVID-19.

Results:

The RAS and the immune system exert a role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of
COVID-19, mainly in cases of hypertension, diabetes, obesity and other chronic diseases. The
overactivation of the ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis and the enhancement of inflammation contribute
to deleterious effects of COVID-19. Likewise, pregnant women and elderly patients usually
display immune responses that are less effective in withstanding exposition to viruses,
while children are relatively protected against severe complications of COVID-19. Women,
conversely, exhibit stronger antiviral responses and are less sensitive to the effects of increased
Ang II.

Future Perspectives:

The recognition of vulnerable subgroups and risk factors for disease severity
is essential to better understand the pandemic. Precision medicine tools, including proteomics
and metabolomics approaches, identified metabolic patterns of the severe form of
disease and might be the alternative to diagnose, evaluate and predict the prognosis and the
efficiency of therapies.
Repurposing Cilostazol for Raynaud's Phenomenon
Authors: El-Hachem Nehme , Fardoun Manal M. , Slika Hasan , Baydoun Elias , Eid Ali H.
Published: September 2020

Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP) results from exaggerated cold-induced vasoconstriction. RP
patients suffer from vasospastic attacks and compromised digital blood perfusion leading to a triple
color change at the level the fingers. Severe RP may cause ulcers and threaten tissue viability. Many
drugs have been used to alleviate the symptoms of RP. These include calcium-channel blockers,
cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, prostacyclin analogs, and angiotensin receptor
blockers. Despite their variety, these drugs do not treat RP but rather alleviate its symptoms. To
date, no drug for RP has been yet approved by the U.S Food and Drugs Administration. Cilostazol is
a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-III, originally prescribed to treat intermittent claudication.
Owing to its antiplatelet and vasodilating properties, cilostazol is being repurposed as a potential
drug for RP. This review focuses on the different lines of action of cilostazol serving to enhance
blood perfusion in RP patients.
Investigation on the Antibacterial Activity of Electronic Cigarette Liquids (ECLs): A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Fuochi Virginia , Caruso Massimo , Emma Rosalia , Stivala Aldo , Polosa Riccardo , Distefano Alfio , Furneri Pio M.
Published: September 2020

Background:

The key ingredients of e-cigarettes liquid are commonly propane-1,2-diol (also called propylene glycol) and propane-1,2,3-triol (vegetal glycerol) and their antimicrobial effects are already established. The nicotine and flavors which are often present in e-liquids can interfere with the growth of some microorganisms. Objective: The effect of combining these elements in e-liquids is unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible effects of these liquids on bacterial growth in the presence or absence of nicotine and flavors.

Methods:

Susceptibilities of pathogenic strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Sarcina lutea) were studied by means of a multidisciplinary approach. Cell viability and antioxidant assays were also evaluated.

Results:

All e-liquids investigated showed antibacterial activity against at least one pathogenic strain. A higher activity was correlated to the presence of flavors and nicotine.

Discussion:

In most cases the value of minimal bactericidal concentration is equal to the value of minimal inhibitory concentration showing that these substances have a bactericidal effect. This effect was observed in concentrations up to 6.25% v/v. Antioxidant activity was also correlated to presence of flavors. Over time, the viability assay in human epithelial lung A549 cells showed a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth.

Conclusion:

Our results have shown that flavors considerably enhance the antibacterial activity of propane-1,2-diol and propane-1,2,3-triol. This study provides important evidence that should be taken into consideration in further investigative approaches, to clarify the different sensitivity of the various bacterial species to e-liquids, including the respiratory microbiota, to highlight the possible role of flavors and nicotine.
In Silico Study Examining New Phenylpropanoids Targets with Antidepressant Activity
Authors: da Silva Calixto Poliane , de Almeida Reinaldo Nóbrega , Stiebbe Salvadori Mirian G.S. , dos Santos Maia Mayara , Filho José Maria Barbosa , Scotti Marcus Tullius , Scotti Luciana
Published: September 2020

Background:

Natural products, such as phenylpropanoids, which are found in essential
oils derived from aromatic plants, have been explored during non-clinical psychopharmacology
studies, to discover new molecules with relevant pharmacological activities in the central nervous
system, especially antidepressant and anxiolytic activities. Major depressive disorder is a highly debilitating
psychiatric disorder and is considered to be a disabling public health problem, worldwide,
as a primary factor associated with suicide. Current clinically administered antidepressants
have late-onset therapeutic actions, are associated with several side effects, and clinical studies
have reported that some patients do not respond well to treatment or reach complete remission.

Objective:

To review important new targets for antidepressant activity and to select phenylpropanoids
with antidepressant activity, using Molegro Virtual Docker and Ossis Data Warris, and to
verify substances with more promising antidepressant activity.

Results and Conclusion:

An in silico molecular modeling study, based on homology, was conducted
to determine the three-dimensional structure of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-
HT2AR), then molecular docking studies were performed and the predisposition for cytotoxicity
risk among identified molecules was examined. A model for 5-HT2AR homology, with satisfactory
results, was obtained indicating the good stereochemical quality of the model. The phenylpropanoid
4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol showed the lowest binding energy for 5-HT2AR, with results
relevant to the L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway, and showed no toxicity within the parameters
of mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive system toxicity, and skin-tissue irritability,
when evaluated in silico; therefore, this molecule can be considered promising for the investigation
of antidepressant activity.
Formulation and Evaluation of Resveratrol Loaded Cubosomal Nanoformulation for Topical Delivery
Authors: Kurangi Bhaskar , Jalalpure Sunil , Jagwani Satveer
Published: September 2020

Aim:

The aim of the study was to formulate, characterize, and evaluate the Resveratrol-
loaded Cubosomes (RC) for topical application.

Background:

Resveratrol (RV) is a nutraceutical compound with exciting pharmacological potential
in different diseases, including cancers. Many studies on resveratrol have been reported for anti-
melanoma activity. Due to its low bioavailability, the therapeutic activities of resveratrol are
strongly limited. Hence, an approach with nanotechnology has been made to increase its activity
through transdermal drug delivery.

Objective:

To formulate, characterize, and evaluate the resveratrol-loaded cubosomes (RC). To
evaluate Resveratrol-loaded Cubosomal Gel (RC-Gel) for its topical application.
Methods: RC was formulated by homogenization technique and optimized using a 2-factor 3-level
factorial design. Formulated RCs were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment
efficiency. Optimized RC was evaluated for in vitro release and stability study. Optimized
RC was further formulated into cubosomal gel (RC-Gel) using carbopol and evaluated for drug
permeation and deposition. Furthermore, developed RC-Gel was evaluated for its topical application
using skin irritancy, toxicity, and in vivo local bioavailability studies.

Methods:

RC was formulated by homogenization technique and optimized using a 2-factor 3-level factorial design. Formulated RCs were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. Optimized RC was evaluated for in
vitro release and stability study. Optimized RC was further formulated into cubosomal gel (RC-Gel) using carbopol and
evaluated for drug permeation and deposition. Furthermore, developed RC-Gel was evaluated for its topical application using skin irritancy, toxicity, and in vivo local bioavailability studies.

Results:

The optimized RC indicated cubic-shaped structure with mean particle size, entrapment efficiency,
and zeta potential were 113±2.36 nm, 85.07 ± 0.91%, and -27.40 ± 1.40 mV, respectively.
In vitro drug release of optimized RC demonstrated biphasic drug release with the diffusion-controlled
release of resveratrol (RV) (87.20 ± 3.91%). The RC-Gel demonstrated better drug permeation
and deposition in mice skin layers. The composition of RC-Gel has been proved non-irritant to
mice skin. In vivo local bioavailability study depicted the good potential of RC-Gel for skin localization.

Conclusion:

The RC nanoformulation proposes a promising drug delivery system for melanoma
treatment simply through topical application.
Self-Treatment with Antibiotics: Knowledge level, Prevalence and Indications for Practicing Among University Students in Jordan
Authors: Najjar Yahya , Hassan Zeinab
Published: September 2020

Background:

Self-treatment with antibiotics involves obtaining medicines without a prescription,
sharing medicines with members of one’s social circle, or using leftover medicines
stored at home.

Objective:

Assess the prevalence, knowledge level, reasons for practicing self-treatment of antibiotic
among undergraduate university students.

Methods:

The study was conducted cross-sectional on a sample of 201 students. A pre-validated
questionnaire called “self-treatment with antibiotics”, containing 27 close-ended questions, was administered
to each subject. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and the results were expressed
as counts and percentages.

Results and Discussion:

Knowledge about self-treatment with antibiotics was good in general, and
health-related students had a better level of knowledge about self-treatment with antibiotics than
non-health-related students. The majority of the participants had not used self-treatment with antibiotics.
Gender, age, and the last time antibiotic taken affected self-treatment with antibiotics. The
most common indication for self-treatment with antibiotics was flu, cold, and tonsillitis. The most
common reason for practicing self-treatment with antibiotics was being considered as a convenient
and rapid solution. Internet was the main source for university students regarding knowledge about
antibiotic use and resistance.

Conclusion:

Self-treatment with antibiotics is affected by several social and demographic variables,
and the role of media, public policies, university curricula as well as physicians and pharmacists
should be enforced and activated to eliminate inappropriate uses of antibiotics and to correct
misconceptions that encourage self-treatment with antibiotics.
NURSING CARE OF PATIENT WITH SEPSIS DUE TO BLAST INJURY
Authors: Sari Efris Kartika , Nisofa Nisofa , Saputra Rendi Yoga , Masriami Masriami , Khoirudin Muhammad , Lahamukang Richardus MGP , Thomas Klara Yunita Inuq
Published: September 2020

Blast injury is an injury due to the mechanism of barotrauma (involving excessive pressure) which results in organ trauma. Trauma and extensive injury can progress to sepsis condition to the patient. A man is hospitalized due to blast injury. The patient suffered a third-degree burn involving 18% total body surface area locateÂ in the abdomen and right thigh, and right femoral trauma. The patient has right hip disarticulation and abdominal wound debridement surgery. After surgery, the patient has decreased consciousness and respiratory failure so that he was treated in the intensive care unit. The nursing assessment identified that patient has sepsis conditions. Nursing problems of the patient are ineffective airway clearance, impaired spontaneous ventilation, the risk for shock, and impaired tissue integrity. The nurse performs nursing care to maintain airway patency, provide adequate ventilation, maintain hemodynamic stability, and optimize the wound healing process of the patient.
RELATIONSHIP OF BODY IMAGE WITH EATING DISORDER IN FEMALE ADOLESCENT
Authors: Virgandiri Senna , Lestari Dhian Ririn , Zwagery Rika Vira
Published: September 2020

In adolescence there is an increased awareness of the body image. The majority of femaleadolescent think that a thin, slim and small body is a perfect form. The existence ofchanges in the increase in body fat during puberty causes female often feel less satisfiedand causes adolescents to control body weight to achieve the ideal body shape concept.The aim of study to find out the relationship between body image with eating disorderin female adolescent. This study used an analytical method with a cross sectional designthat included 80 students of SMK Borneo Lestari. Subjects were chosen by stratifiedrandom sampling technique. The research instrument was a Multidimensional BodySelf Relations Questionnaire Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS) questionnaire and EatingAttitude Test (EAT) questionnaire which was modified. Data analysis using spearmancorrelation test. The results showed the majority of respondents had a positive bodyimage (81.9%) and had a risk of mild eating disorders (56.3%). The Spearman correlationtest showed that there was no significant relationship between body image and eatingdisorder in female adolescent pv = 0.717 (Î±> 0.05). This shows that the higher the totalbody image of a person, the higher the total score of eating disorders, which means themore positive the body image will be risk to mild of eating disorders.
The Use of Mumsnet by Parents of Young People With Mental Health Needs: Qualitative Investigation (Preprint)
Authors: Croucher Lauren , Mertan Elif , Shafran Roz , Bennett Sophie D
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

There are high rates of mental health needs in children in the United Kingdom, and parents are increasingly seeking help for their children's needs. However, there is not enough access to child and adolescent mental health services and parents are seeking alternative forms of support and information, often from web-based sources. Mumsnet is the largest web-based parenting forum in the United Kingdom, which includes user-created discussions regarding child mental health.

OBJECTIVE

This qualitative investigation aimed to explore the emergent themes within the narratives of posts regarding child mental health on Mumsnet and to extrapolate these themes to understand the purpose of Mumsnet for parents of children and young people with mental health needs.

METHODS

A total of 50 threads from Mumsnet Talk Child Mental Health were extracted. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 41 threads were analyzed thematically using the framework approach, a form of qualitative thematic analysis.

RESULTS

In total, 28 themes were extracted and organized into 3 domains. These domains were emotional support, emotional expression, and advice and information. The results suggested that parents of children with mental health needs predominantly use Mumsnet to offer and receive emotional support and to suggest general advice, techniques, and resources that could be applied outside of help from professional services.

CONCLUSIONS

This paper discusses the future of health information seeking. Future research is required to establish initiatives in which web-based peer-to-peer support and information can supplement professional services to provide optimum support for parents of children with mental health needs.
Recruitment and Retention Strategies Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Web-Based Intervention Trials: Retrospective Qualitative Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Hwang DaSol Amy , Lee Alex , Song Jae Min , Han Hae-Ra
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Racial and ethnic minority groups are underrepresented in health research, contributing to persistent health disparities in the United States. Identifying effective recruitment and retention strategies among minority groups and their subpopulations is an important research agenda. Web-based intervention approaches are becoming increasingly popular with the ubiquitous use of the internet. However, it is not completely clear which recruitment and retention strategies have been successful in web-based intervention trials targeting racial and ethnic minorities.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to describe lessons learned in recruiting and retaining one of the understudied ethnic minority women—Korean Americans—enrolled in a web-based intervention trial and to compare our findings with the strategies reported in relevant published web-based intervention trials.

METHODS

Multiple sources of data were used to address the objectives of this study, including the study team’s meeting minutes, participant tracking and contact logs, survey reports, and postintervention interviews. In addition, an electronic search involving 2 databases (PubMed and CINAHL) was performed to identify published studies using web-based interventions. Qualitative analysis was then performed to identify common themes addressing recruitment and retention strategies across the trials using web-based intervention modalities.

RESULTS

A total of 9 categories of recruitment and retention strategies emerged: authentic care; accommodation of time, place, and transportation; financial incentives; diversity among the study team; multiple, yet standardized modes of communication; mobilizing existing community relationships with efforts to build trust; prioritizing features of web-based intervention; combined use of web-based and direct recruitment; and self-directed web-based intervention with human support. Although all the studies included in the analysis combined multiple strategies, prioritizing features of web-based intervention or use of human support were particularly relevant for promoting recruitment and retention of racial and ethnic minorities in web-based intervention trials.

CONCLUSIONS

The growing prevalence of internet use among racial and ethnic minority populations represents an excellent opportunity to design and deliver intervention programs via the internet. Future research should explore and compare successful recruitment and retention methods among race and ethnic groups for web-based interventions.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03726619; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03726619.
Family History Extraction From Synthetic Clinical Narratives Using Natural Language Processing: Overview and Evaluation of a Challenge Data Set and Solutions for the 2019 National NLP Clinical Challenges (n2c2)/Open Health Natural Language Processing (OHNLP) Competition (Preprint)
Authors: Shen Feichen , Liu Sijia , Fu Sunyang , Wang Yanshan , Henry Sam , Uzuner Ozlem , Liu Hongfang
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

As a risk factor for many diseases, family history (FH) captures both shared genetic variations and living environments among family members. Though there are several systems focusing on FH extraction using natural language processing (NLP) techniques, the evaluation protocol of such systems has not been standardized.

OBJECTIVE

The n2c2/OHNLP (National NLP Clinical Challenges/Open Health Natural Language Processing) 2019 FH extraction task aims to encourage the community efforts on a standard evaluation and system development on FH extraction from synthetic clinical narratives.

METHODS

We organized the first BioCreative/OHNLP FH extraction shared task in 2018. We continued the shared task in 2019 in collaboration with the n2c2 and OHNLP consortium, and organized the 2019 n2c2/OHNLP FH extraction track. The shared task comprises 2 subtasks. Subtask 1 focuses on identifying family member entities and clinical observations (diseases), and subtask 2 expects the association of the living status, side of the family, and clinical observations with family members to be extracted. Subtask 2 is an end-to-end task which is based on the result of subtask 1. We manually curated the first deidentified clinical narrative from FH sections of clinical notes at Mayo Clinic Rochester, the content of which is highly relevant to patients’ FH.

RESULTS

A total of 17 teams from all over the world participated in the n2c2/OHNLP FH extraction shared task, where 38 runs were submitted for subtask 1 and 21 runs were submitted for subtask 2. For subtask 1, the top 3 runs were generated by Harbin Institute of Technology, ezDI, Inc., and The Medical University of South Carolina with F1 scores of 0.8745, 0.8225, and 0.8130, respectively. For subtask 2, the top 3 runs were from Harbin Institute of Technology, ezDI, Inc., and University of Florida with F1 scores of 0.681, 0.6586, and 0.6544, respectively. The workshop was held in conjunction with the AMIA 2019 Fall Symposium.

CONCLUSIONS

A wide variety of methods were used by different teams in both tasks, such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, convolutional neural network, bidirectional long short-term memory, conditional random field, support vector machine, and rule-based strategies. System performances show that relation extraction from FH is a more challenging task when compared to entity identification task.
Rethinking Screen Time during COVID-19: Impact on Sleep and Academic Self-Efficacy in Physiotherapy students (Preprint)
Authors: Akulwar-Tajane Isha , Shah Ayushi V , Shah Ayushi V , Naik Palak H , Parmar Kashish K
Published: September 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Technology has advanced significantly within the past decade and along with that has come the ability to use a variety of devices for academic purposes. While this can make accessing information much easier and allow for new organizational methods, it can also provide the opportunity for more distractions. Sleep is fundamental to optimal functioning including health and behavior. This paper describes the interrelations between screen use, sleep and academic performance. The purpose of this study was to explore technology use and its impact on sleep and academics in physiotherapy students in this pandemic lockdown.How the increased screen media usage and the uncertainty of the situation has an impact on their academic performance.We examined how this distraction potential can play a role in studying experiences and academic performance. A representative sample of 150 Physiotherapy students were surveyed to quantify technology use, sleep pattern, mental health and academic performance. 73.3% of the population agreed that screen time did affect their sleeping pattern in the lockdown , 84.7% of the students conveyed that they could not perform study related activities optimally as per their academic capacity. 56.7% of the population also agreed that excessive screen time hindered their ability to perform academically well.
Circuitos productivos regionales: apuntes para una renovada herramienta analítica sobre procesos económicos en América Latina a principios de siglo XXI
Authors: Garcia Ariel , Rofman Alejandro
Published: September 2020

En esta investigación retomamos la discusión teórica en torno a la herramienta analítica de circuito productivo regional. En función de ello, avanzaremos en el análisis de las modalidades de vinculación entre agentes económicos de desigual poder y capacidad de negociación en   el mercado, en el escenario histórico de principios de siglo XXI y en el contexto productivo de las estructuras semi-periféricas de diversos países de América Latina. Nuestra herramienta analítica considera relevante la participación que detenta la intervención del sector público en la variación de las tasas de ganancia. En este juego de ganadores y perdedores, la capacidad de cada agente económico y social en alcanzar la tasa de ganancia que pretende o el ingreso al que aspira está en permanente modificación, acorde con los efectos que produce el despliegue de las políticas estatales, así como por la capacidad efectiva de cada quien para influir sobre su direccionamiento.
Roles y estrategias de los gobiernos indígenas en el sistema de salud colombiano
Authors: Puerta Silva Claudia
Published: September 2020

Basado en los trabajos etnográficos con dos comunidades wayuu de la Guajira –un resguardo y una asociación de autoridades tradicionales–, el artículo analiza el desempeño de los gobiernos indígenas en el funcionamiento del sistema de salud: por un lado, las condiciones de su participación en el sistema –los márgenes de maniobra para desempeñar sus roles–; y, por otro, las estrategias de estos gobiernos para garantizar el desarrollo de la salud de sus poblaciones. El estudio muestra una de las características de los sistemas multiculturales: son amplios y generales en la regulación, pero poco flexibles en el nivel (local) de la implementación de las políticas. Finalmente, las estrategias de los actores reflejan el margen de maniobra que les permite el sistema para su desempeño como agentes locales; pero los resultados dependen, a su vez, de las lógicas institucionales y las dinámicas socioculturales locales.
El sol del poder. Simbología y política entre los muiscas del norte de los Andes, de François Correa Rubio
Authors: Vasco Uribe Luis Guillermo
Published: September 2020

Reseña escrita por Luis Guillermo Vasco Uribe
A EVOLUÇÃO HISTÓRICA DO ESTADO E O DIREITO INTERNACIONAL: COORDENAÇÃO OU SUBORDINAÇÃO?
Authors: Petry Alana
Published: September 2020

O direito internacional público tem sua origem atribuída à assinatura dos tratados de paz de Westfália, em 1648, quando foi reconhecida a igualdade soberana dos Estados. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar se a igualdade soberana dos Estados existe de fato e se o direito internacional público cumpre com a sua função de estabelecer uma relação de coordenação no âmbito das relações internacionais. A pesquisa é qualitativa, desenvolvida por meio de método dedutivo e de procedimento técnico bibliográfico e documental. No decorrer do trabalho, analisa-se a evolução histórica do Estado e, posteriormente, o surgimento do direito internacional público. Por fim, investiga-se, adotando-se a teoria realista, a (in)existência da igualdade soberana dos Estados e se o direito internacional público é um sistema de coordenação ou de subordinação dos membros da sociedade internacional. Conclui-se que é possível verificar que o princípio da igualdade soberana é uma ficção jurídica e que o direito internacional público está muito distante de cumprir com sua finalidade, pois funciona como um instrumento de poder e subordinação utilizado pelos Estados mais poderosos.
EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO: A ESCOLA MUNICIPAL BOM JESUS NA PERCEPÇÃO DOS ATORES SOCIAIS ENVOLVIDOS
Authors: Leal Edilaine Ferreira , Leão Marcelo Franco
Published: September 2020

A Educação do Campo surgiu como uma forma de ofertar instrução e atender as especificidades das pessoas que trabalham ou vivem no/do campo. Essa modalidade educacional é relativamente recente e fruto de grandes lutas sociais. Esse estudo tem como objetivo refletir as percepções dos atores sociais da Escola Municipal Bom Jesus, Santa Terezinha/MT, sobre a educação do campo vivenciada, a importância da escola, seus desafios, sua interação com a comunidade e as perspectivas futuras. Esta pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, toma por base as percepções dos diferentes segmentos que constituem a comunidade escolar desta instituição voltada ao atendimento a moradores do campo. Para coletar dados, no decorrer do primeiro semestre de 2019, foram realizadas aplicações de questionários com moradores, pais e alunos, além de pesquisas na literatura e documentos oficiais, que serviram como aporte teórico. Sobre a importância da escola, destaca-se que a mesma se constitui como espaço de socialização e oportunidade de participação da comunidade. Sobre a interação escola e comunidade e as perspectivas, foram mencionadas as percepções de que a escola promove a interação com seus grupos por meio das feiras de vendas de produtos, reuniões e eventos. No entanto, como desafios tivemos relatos de que a escola ainda permanece distante da história local e das questões inerentes aos saberes populares. Logo, essa modalidade necessita de políticas educacionais para que de fato cumpra sua finalidade e supere a fragilidade no que diz respeito à construção de um currículo próprio que atenda às especificidades das comunidades locais.
Governance and government debt
Authors: Imaginário João , Guedes Maria João
Published: September 2020

The continuous increase in debt ratios raises concerns in economic institutions concerning fiscal sustainability and its effect on the world economy. The empirical evidence has shown that both developed and developing countries have become highly indebted and fiscal deficits are not sustainable (Afonso, 2005) As such, the quality of institutions has an important role in debt accumulation (Presbitero, 2008) and fiscal stance is closely related to government institution quality as well as political and social stability (Woo, 2003). However, little attention has been devoted to the relationship between governance quality and government debt. This study examines whether the quality of governance relates to government debt. Using a sample of 164 countries for the period between 2002 and 2015, our results show that governance quality is negatively and statistically related to government debt. For low income countries evidence was found that a better governance environment is associated with lower public debt levels for low income countries, but not for high-income countries.
A contribution to the study of the psl *kovylъ/*kovylь ‘Stipa pennata’
Authors: Bjeletic Marta
Published: September 2020

Contemporary etymological research is largely aimed at rethinking hitherto offered etymological solutions, especially for words that do not have a generally accepted interpretation. One of those words is PSl *kovyl? / *kovyl? ?feather-grass, Stipa pennata?, whose continuants are attested mainly in Eastern and Southern Slavic languages: Ru. kovy?, kovyl, Ukr. kovi?, kovila, Bel. kavy?, Bulg. kovil, koil, kofi l, Mac. kovil, kofi l, SCr. kovilje, Sln. kovilje. The etymological literature has drawn attention to the potential connection of PSl *kovyl? / *kovyl? with the verb *kovy?ati (s?) ?to swing, wobble, stagger?, even though this verb does not have a unanimously accepted interpretation either. This paper departs from the assumption that the phytonym and verb under consideration have a common origin, and that the prefi x *ko- is distinguished in both forms. The verb is related to PSl *v?lati, v?laj? ?to swing, swing on waves?, related to PSl *v?lna ?wave?, *valiti (s?) ?to roll?, and ultimately boils down to the IE root *?elH- ?to roll?. As among the continuants and derivatives of the PSl verb *v?lati there is a variation of the reduced vowels (-?- : -?-) at the root (cf. OCS v?lajati s? ?to oscillate (about waves)?, etc.), forms with the vocalism -?- could serve as a basis for the occurrence of the secondary ablaut *v?l- / *vyl-. Thus, from the unconfirmed prefixed form *ko-v?lati s? (a form without the prefix *v?lati s? is reconstructed!), an intense / iterative *kovyl(j)ati s? could be created in the same meaning. The variance of -ati / -jati can be explained from the original *kovylati, kovilj? (s?), with the subsequent spread of the palatal ? from the present tense stem to the infinitive stem. This also explains the variation of the palatal and non-palatal l at the end of the stem of the deverbal noun *kovyl? / *kovyl?.
Derivatives with the -ānka suffix as a mirror of cultural development
Authors: Milanovic Aleksandar
Published: September 2020

The paper analyses the etymology, time of origin, derivational categories and
derivational types of derivatives with the -?nka suffix, their number,
functions and status in the former and contemporary Serbian language. It is
ascertained that they predominantly originated in the late 18th and 19th
centuries, that they are a reflection of the social and cultural progress
of the Serbs in various areas of material and nonmaterial culture, and that
the derivational types involving this suffix were especially productive in
the (pre-)Romantic poetic language. The paper also points to the partial
productivity of this suffix in contemporary Serbian, its inclination
towards terminologisation, as well as to the fact that some derivatives have
been relegated to the sphere of archaisms and historicisms.
The Role of Accounting in Ponzi Schemes
Authors: Deason Stephen , Rajgopal Shivaram , Waymire Gregory B. , White Roger M.
Published: September 2020

SYNOPSIS

Do accounting reports bolster investors' trust? We examine this question by modeling the incremental effect of Ponzi scheme operators providing accounting reports on the magnitude and lifespan of the underlying fraud. This investigation is possible in our setting because some, but not all, Ponzi scheme operators provide discretionary accounting reports (like falsified financial statements or fictional audit opinions) to current and potential investors. We observe that falsified audit reports lower the likelihood of regulatory detection by about 40 percent, and falsified accounting statements increase individual investor contributions by about 30 percent. Together, these results indicate that accounting reports bolster investors' trust, and that fraudsters can exploit trust in accounting institutions to maximize gains and minimize the likelihood of detection, even when accounting misrepresentations are not necessary.

JEL Classifications: D14; D19; G18.
3B T1 Ağırlıklı MR Görüntülerinde Atlas Tabanlı Hacim Ölçüm Yöntemini Kullanarak Alzheimer Hastalığının Teşhisi
Authors: ÖZİÇ Muhammet Üsame , EKMEKCİ Hakan , ÖZŞEN Seral , BARSTUĞAN Mücahid , YILDOĞAN Aydın
Published: September 2020

Alzheimer Hastalığı yaşlılık ile beraber başlayan bir beyin hastalığıdır. Hastalığın teşhisi, takibi ve ilgili beyin bölgelerinin ölçümleri yüksek çözünürlüklü üç boyutlu yapısal manyetik rezonans görüntüleri ile yapılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, OASIS veri tabanından alınan 70 Alzheimer 70 Normal 3B T1 ağırlıklı MR görüntüleri üzerinde 116 subkortikal bölgenin hacimsel ölçümünü yapabilecek atlas tabanlı bir hacim ölçüm ve sınıflandırma modeli tasarlanmıştır. Ölçülen değerler her bir denekte gri madde, parankim, total beyin hacmi ile bölünerek normalizasyon işlemi yapılmıştır. Böylece ham ölçülen değerler dahil olmak üzere 140x116 matris boyutlu 4 farklı veri kümesi elde edilmiştir. Veri kümeleri entropi, t-test, roc, Bhattacharyya, Wilcoxon özellik derecelendirme yöntemleri ile en anlamlı özellikten en anlamsız özelliğe doğru derecelendirilmiştir. Derecelendirilen veriler her döngüde sırasıyla birleştirilmiş, lineer ve rbf kernel kullanan destek vektör makinelerine 10-kat çapraz geçerleme ile verilerek sınıflandırma işlemi yapılmıştır. Tüm senaryolar analiz edilerek, en az özellikle en iyi sonucu veren küme, özellik derecelendirme ve sınıflandırma metodu ortaya konulmuştur. Normalizasyon ve özellik derecelendirme yöntemlerinin sınıflandırma sonucuna etkisi incelenmiştir. Deneysel işlemler sonucunda roc özellik derecelendirme tabanlı lineer destek vektör makinesi, total beyin hacmi normalizasyonlu 107 özellik kullanarak %95.71 hassasiyet, %94.29 özgüllük, %95.00 doğruluk, 0.95 eğri altında kalan alan değerleri ile en yüksek oranları vermektedir.