bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of precipitation in the highlands and lowlands of Peru to physics parameterization options in WRFV3.8.1
Authors: González-Rojí Santos J. , Messmer Martina , Raible Christoph C. , Stocker Thomas F.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.8.1 at convection-permitting scale is evaluated by means of several sensitivity simulations over southern Peru down to a grid resolution of 1 km, whereby the main focus is on the domain with 5 km horizontal resolution. Different configurations of microphysics, cumulus, longwave radiation and planetary boundary layer schemes are tested. For the year 2008, the simulated precipitation amounts and patterns are compared to gridded observational data sets and weather station data gathered from Peru, Bolivia and Brazil. The temporal correlation of simulated monthly precipitation sums against in-situ and gridded observational data show that the most challenging regions for WRF are the slopes along both sides of the Andes, i.e., elevations between 1000 and 3000 m above sea level. The pattern correlation analysis between simulated precipitation and station data suggests that all tested WRF setups perform rather poorly along the northeastern slopes of the Andes during the entire year. In the southwestern region of the domain the performance of all setups is better except for the driest period (May–September). The results of the pattern correlation to the gridded observational data sets show that all setups perform reasonably well except along both slopes during the dry season. The precipitation patterns reveal that the typical setup used over Europe is too dry throughout the entire year, and that the experiment with the combination of the single-moment 6-class microphysics scheme and the Grell–Freitas cumulus parameterization in the domains with resolutions larger than 5 km, suitable for East Africa, does not perfectly apply to other equatorial regions such as the Amazon basin in southeastern Peru. The experiment with the Stony–Brook University microphysics scheme and the Grell-Freitas cumulus parameterization tends to overestimate precipitation over the northeastern slopes of the Andes, but allows to enforce a positive feedback between the soil moisture, air temperature, relative humidity, mid-level cloud cover and finally, also precipitation. Hence, this setup is the one providing the most accurate results over the Peruvian Amazon, and particularly over the department of Madre de Dios, which is a region of interest because it is considered the biodiversity hotspot of Peru. The robustness of this particular parameterization option is backed up by similar results obtained during wet climate conditions observed in 2012.
OpenAthens odyssey: challenges of implementing federated authentication for a multi-institutional user population
Authors: Romano Joanne , Huynh Nha
Published: November 2021

Background: The Texas Medical Center (TMC) is home to one of the world’s largest cohorts of faculty, students, researchers, and clinicians who rely on seamless and immediate access to digital biomedical and health resources. This group is served by the TMC Library, with a collection that includes over 380,000 ebooks and 59,000 ejournals. In 2018, the TMC Library implemented OpenAthens, a federated authentication system to replace a locally hosted instance of EZproxy.Case Presentation: The TMC Library is unique in its multi-institutional user population, which presents distinct challenges in adopting a single sign-on authentication system. Our project involved OpenAthens technical support, information technology teams from six academic institutions, and over thirty publishers. Implementation included the creation of an OpenAthens parent account, an active user directory, a resource catalog, and installation of our OpenAthens credentials at each publisher site. Because the TMC Library serves multiple institutions, OpenAthens built a custom login page and a portal to support both single sign-on and a generic username and password option. This case report discusses the reasons why OpenAthens was chosen, the preparation methods for implementation, the various challenges encountered and resolved, and recommendations for other health sciences libraries considering this system.Conclusions: The OpenAthens system provides important benefits: granular usage reports, single sign-on access, and data to negotiate reduced pricing for online resources. With prior knowledge and preparation, health sciences libraries can successfully implement OpenAthens with customizations tailored to their specific resources and user population.
Addressing challenges with systematic review teams through effective communication: a case report
Authors: O’Dwyer Linda C. , Wafford Q. Eileen
Published: November 2021

Background: Every step in the systematic review process has challenges, ranging from resistance by review teams to adherence to standard methodology to low-energy commitment to full participation. These challenges can derail the project and result in significant delays, duplication of work, and failure to complete the review. Communication during the systematic review process is key to ensuring it runs smoothly and is identified as a core competency for librarians involved in systematic reviews.Case Presentation: This case report presents effective communication approaches that our librarians employ to address challenges encountered while working with systematic review teams. The communication strategies we describe engage teams through information, questions, and action items and lead to productive collaborations with publishable systematic reviews.Conclusions: Effective communication with review teams keeps systematic review projects moving forward. The techniques covered in this case study strive to minimize misunderstandings, educate collaborators, and, in our experience, have led to multiple successful collaborations and publications. Librarians working in the systematic review space will recognize these challenges and can adapt these techniques to their own environments.
Proving the proverbial gadfly: situating the historical and racial context of Southern medical works by Mary Louise Marshall
Authors: Weeks Aidy
Published: November 2021

Health sciences librarianship has historically benefited from avoiding critical conversations around the role of race in the profession, reflected through a select few number of articles on the topic. The purpose of this study was to add to this body of literature and apply a critical librarianship framework on the early scholarly record of health sciences librarianship and the legacy of integration within the Medical Library Association (MLA). Three Southern medical works and the integration views of Mary Louise Marshall, the longest-serving president of MLA from 1941 to 1946, were thematically and textually analyzed to redress the profession’s long-standing legacy with Whiteness and Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) representation. In reframing the historic past of MLA both through Marshall’s works and her views, the goal is to acknowledge ways in which the profession has impeded progress and present steps to remedy appropriate outreach for the future.
Emerging Human Resource Trends in Academic Libraries
Authors: Nelson Tamara M.
Published: November 2021

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Physical collections, virtual classes: creating digital access to anatomy models for remote learning
Authors: McCallum Daniel , Burt-Nicholas Laura
Published: November 2021

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Using focus groups to evaluate a multiyear consumer health outreach collaboration
Authors: Malone Tara , Clifton Shari
Published: November 2021

Objectives: Academic health sciences librarians sought to evaluate the efficacy and future of the Health Information Specialists Program, a five-year consumer health information outreach collaboration with public libraries across the state.Methods: Five focus groups were held with participants from all five years of the program. Thirty-four participants from the program attended. Facilitators used structured interview guides consisting of eleven questions regarding the impact of the collaboration on participants’ abilities to connect themselves or others to health information; the usefulness of materials or knowledge gained and its applications; any consumer health outreach projects that arose from the program; and suggestions for future topics, formats, or modifications. Data was hand-coded and analyzed using the framework analysis methodology for qualitative research.Results: Participants reported feeling improved confidence and comfort in providing health information services to their patrons. Numerous instances of knowledge transfer—in their personal lives, with their colleagues, and for their patrons—were described. Participants reported improved abilities to both find and evaluate consumer health information, and many adapted class materials for their own programming or teaching. Suggestions were provided for future class topics as well as a program website.Conclusion: Based on data from the five focus groups, the Health Information Specialists Program has positively impacted participants in a number of ways. Primary among these were self-reported improvement in both health information retrieval skills and the ability to evaluate the reliability of health information online, as well as in the confidence to help patrons with their health information needs.
A study of the relationship of maximal perioral muscle pressure to tonic resting pressure using a pneumohydraulic capillary infusion system
Authors:   New York University School of Dentistry, Lubit Erwin , Wallach Mark , Schwalb Ronald
Published: November 2021

The tonic (resting) and peak (maximum) lip pressures of 100 subjects were measured. The purpose was to evaluate the validity of the assumption that high peak pressures are indicative of high tonic pressures and vice versa. This paper describes the equipment and techniques devised to test these pressures. The results showed no statistically significant relationship whatsoever between tonic and peak lip pressures. We, therefore, suggest that maximum lip pressures not be used as a diagnostic aid in orthodontics. [Reprinted from The Angle Orthodontist, Fall 1990, vol. 60, pages 215-220]
Riesgos de la comunicación de riesgo: un modelo discursivo para la comunicación de riesgo en emergencias
Authors: Gallardo-Pauls Beatriz
Published: November 2021

Con el marco de referencia que ha supuesto la experiencia comunicativa impuesta por la pandemia COVID-19, el artículo aborda cuáles son las especificidades de la comunicación de riesgo y la comunicación de crisis, con especial atención a las situaciones denominadas «de comunicación de riesgo en emergencias» (CRE); se revisan igualmente, desde la óptica discursiva, los modelos teóricos más desarrollados en este ámbito, de bases psicologistas y de teoría de la comunicación. A partir de este estado de la cuestión se propone un modelo específicamente lingüístico / discursivo de la comunicación de riesgo, susceptible de ser considerado como un área definida de la pragmática aplicada. Tal modelo se despliega en dos niveles: el que tiene en cuenta las estrategias discursivas encargadas del encuadre textual (léxico, sintaxis, ilocutividad, informatividad y dialogismo) y el que define la posición enunciativa desde la que se construye el mensaje (transparencia, planificación, disposición ante los receptores). Las categorías y funciones de los dos niveles se presentan mediante ejemplos concretos referidos a la gestión de la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2, cuya revisión ordenada permite identificar en cada caso algunos errores y opciones desafortunadas que constituyen verdaderos «riesgos de la comunicación de riesgo».
Estudio comparativo de los índices de madurez sintáctica entre las generaciones pre y posinternet
Authors: Bartolomé Rodríguez Rocío
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo muestra un análisis comparativo de los índices de madurez sintáctica entre estudiantes de los años 90 del siglo pasado y estudiantes que han crecido en la era digital, nacidos en los años 1996, 2000 y 2004. La hipótesis principal es que los índices de madurez sintáctica habrían descendido ligeramente en la generación posinternet debido a la rapidez de la escritura y la inmediatez de respuesta que se emplean en el lenguaje de las TIC. Se han analizado 382 redacciones de alumnos de 4º curso de Educación Primaria (9 años), 2º curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (13 años) y 2º curso de Bachillerato (17 años). Los resultados muestran que la generación posinternet obtiene índices más altos en la mayoría de parámetros analizados. De ahí se concluye que la exposición a las TIC no afecta negativamente a la madurez sintáctica de niños y adolescentes en los términos cuantitativos analizados
Using Augmented Reality and Drones in Tandem to Serve Smart Cities
Authors: AL-BAHRI MAHMOOD , Al Kishri Wasin , Dharamshi Ravindra R
Published: November 2021

Augmented Reality Technologies as such have been known since the first decade of the 21st century. However, due to the relatively high costs of terminal equipment, the lack of mass demand in industries, their unpreparedness to implement augmented reality in production processes, the limited use of augmented reality in the educational process, etc., this technology did not become networked. In the broadest sense of this word, the traffic generated by augmented reality significantly affects both the principles of network construction and its planning. The article is devoted to studying the interaction of augmented reality applications and control methods for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. The study was carried out experimentally using the developed experimental stand. During the experiment, an augmented reality application was used to control the UAV. The assessments of the quality of service of the network and subjective evaluations of the quality of perception were obtained. The Hurst parameter was used to determine the relationship between the quality of communication network service and the quality of perception. The parameters of the communication network maintenance are determined to ensure the specified rate of perception when controlling the UAV using the augmented reality application.
Justice for the Menopause: A Research Agenda
Authors: Cahn Naomi
Published: November 2021

Menopause is defined by its relationship to menstruation––it is the cessation of menstruation. Medical texts identify menopause as part of the cycle of “decay” associated with female reproductive functions; early menopause is often a dreaded result of various medical treatments and a sign of disfunction.

It turns out that only three types of animals experience menopause: killer whales, short-finned pilot whales, and humans, while other animals can reproduce until death. Although the precise relationship between evolutionary theory and the physical development of human menopause is still uncertain, scientists and anthropologists suggest that the “grandmother hypothesis” provides a partial explanation: older women, who can no longer produce their own children, ensure their genetic legacy by playing a critical role in helping to feed, raise, and nurture their grandchildren.

The average woman will spend almost as many years “post-menopause” as they will menstruating, and they may spend four years (or more) experiencing perimenopausal symptoms, the transition time between “normal” menstruation and menopause. But legal issues relating to perimenopause, menopause, and post-menopause are just beginning to surface, prompted by the movement towards menstrual justice, feminist jurisprudence, and developments in the law of aging.

This Essay is an initial effort to catalogue various legal approaches to menopause and to set out areas for further analysis. It briefly explores cultural images of menopause and post-menopausal women, including the ubiquitous hot flashes; analyzes potential legal claims for menopausal justice; and suggests the interrelationship between such approaches and social attitudes towards menopause. It suggests that “normalizing” menopause––acknowledging its realities––is one means for removing the associated stigma and “disabilities” and might result in reinterpreting existing laws and guiding future legal reforms.
What's Law Got to Do With It? Dignity and Menstruation
Authors: Cooper Elizabeth B.
Published: November 2021

When I think about all that is wrong in the world—the threat to democracy in the United States, the persistent systemic and individually-inflicted racism, the devastation wrought by COVID-19—I find myself asking, “Why do I care so much about menstrual laws and policies?” The answer, I have realized, is quite simple: the failure of the government and private institutions to adopt sane, respectful, smart policies concerning menstruation is an affront to dignity.

Myriad policies intruding on a menstruator’s right to dignity are described throughout this Symposium and include: failing to include menstrual products in emergency- preparedness or response packages; not supplying public school students with free access to quality products; denying free and ready access to such products to people who are incarcerated or detained through our country’s immigration policies; imposing state and use taxes on such products as though they are “non-essential” goods; and not permitting menstruators to bring their own products into the bar exam.
Editors' Remarks
Authors: Lauter Jenna , Ortlip-Sommers Sarah
Published: November 2021

These remarks by our editors opened and closed the Are You There Law? It’s Me, Menstruation Symposium Conference on April 9 and 10 of this year. Amidst the global pandemic, participants gathered virtually on Zoom for two days of engaging presentations by our Symposium authors and vibrant discussions among scholars, practitioners, and students alike.
The Surveillance Tentacles of the Child Welfare System
Authors: Baughman Charlotte , Coles Tehra , Feinberg Jennifer , Newton Hope
Published: November 2021

The family regulation system identifies families through the use of widespread, cross-system surveillance for the purported purpose of keeping children safe. But the system does not surveil all families equally, leading to the disproportionate impact of family regulation on Black, Brown, and Native families, and fails to protect while causing more harm to children and communities of color. We examine how institutions and professionals that are meant to provide necessary services to the community—medical providers, social services agencies, the police, and schools—act as tentacles of surveillance, entrapping families in the family regulation system. We argue that engineering service and community providers as surveillance agents perpetuates inequality and leads to unnecessary family separation and trauma, and that genuine support for families can only thrive outside of the family regulation system and its surveillance tentacles.
Reimagining Schools' Role Outside the Family Regulation System
Authors: Harvey Brianna , Gupta-Kagan Josh , Church Christopher
Published: November 2021

The United States’ family regulation system often begins with well-intentioned professionals making child protection hotline calls, jeopardizing their own ability to work with families and subjecting the families to surveillance. By the system’s own standards, most of this surveillance leads to no meaningful action. Nowhere is this reality more present than in schools. Educational personnel serve as the leading driver of child maltreatment allegations, yet decades worth of data reveal educator reports of maltreatment are the least likely to be screenedin and the least likely to be substantiated or confirmed. In other words, education personnel— whether motivated by genuine concern, which may nevertheless be informed by implicit biases towards low-income families and families of color; fear of liability; or the desire to access services they believe families cannot acquire elsewhere— overwhelm our child welfare system with unnecessary allegations of maltreatment.
This reality has fundamentally transformed the relationship between families and schools. Carrying the heavy burden of mandated reporting laws, public schools disproportionately refer Black and low-income families to the family regulation system, abdicating schools’ opportunity to serve these same families in the communities in which they reside. Rather than serving as the great equalizer, public schools increasingly contribute to the carceral state’s regulation of families.
This Article argues that schools must shift their role away from the reporting and surveillance of these families, and instead directly provide and arrange for services for families. This change begins with sharply limiting or repealing mandatory reporting obligations (permitting voluntary reports in severe cases)—but that is only the start. Schools are well-positioned to create new pathways to the supports and services from which most families reported to the family regulation system might actually benefit. Schools are already a primary source of food for impoverished children, and can help ensure low-income families access all the public benefits to which they are entitled. Schools can largely refer children and families to the same services that the family regulation system can—such as mental health services and substance abuse treatment—but without that system’s coercive authority and its associated problems. Where some services are tied to the family regulation system’s involvement, then law should permit schools to refer families directly. Schools know which families need legal services to defend their housing, access benefits, obtain orders of protection—or any of the myriad of other supports that poverty lawyers can provide. This shift would tie schools to the families and communities that they serve and benefit those families and communities far more than the surveillance and policing they experience under the current family regulation system.
Ground-Level Pressing Issues at the Intersection of AI and IP
Authors: Kappos David , Kling Asa
Published: November 2021

Humankind has always sought to solve problems. This impetus has transformed hunters and gatherers into a society beginning to enjoy the fruits of the fourth industrial revolution. As part of the fourth industrial revolution, and the increased computing power accompanying it, the long-theorized concept of artificial intelligence (“AI”) is finally becoming a reality. This raises new issues in myriad fields—from the moral and ethical implications of replacing human activity with machines to who will own inventions created by AI. While these questions are worth exploring, they have already received a fair amount of coverage in popular and theoretical writing. This paper will take a different direction, focusing on the current and near-future issues arising on the ground at the intersection of AI and intellectual property (“IP”). After providing a brief overview of AI, we will analyze legal issues unique to AI, including access to data, patent requirements, open source licenses and trade secrecy. We will then suggest best practices for obtaining and preserving IP protection for AI-related innovations through the United States and European Union IP systems. By addressing these issues, the intellectual property system will be better positioned to do its part in unlocking AI’s immense potential.
The Vehicle Gap: Wealth Inequality and Road Injury Risk Characterization in Vietnam
Authors: Park Jeffrey KiHyun
Published: November 2021

Road traffic injury (RTI) is a frequently overlooked issue in the literature of global health. This perspective examines the ways in which wealth inequality exacerbates RTI risk characterization in the specific model of Vietnam. The framework of the Equality-Sustainability Hypothesis, as suggested by Cushing et. al, is used, with a specific focus on three factors: political misrepresentation, discrepancy in consumption intensity, and lack of social cohesion. Policies regarding helmet coverage, healthcare infrastructure, road quality and social psychology are critically analyzed, with sources drawn primarily from epidemiological study designs. Such analyses provide the basis for various policy suggestions towards the end of the perspective that focus specifically on wealth inequality as the primary point of intervention. Overall, this perspective suggests that the Equality-Sustainability Hypothesis holds true in the example of RTIs in Vietnam, which is specifically referred to as a “Vehicle Gap”, and that this hypothesis be made more comprehensive by liberalizing its definition of environment to also include man-made infrastructure.
The mineral diversity of the Urdini Lakes and the glacial valley of the Urdina River (Rila Mountain) – an overview
Authors: Petrussenko Svetoslav , Karov Chavdar
Published: November 2021

An overview of different types of mineralization in the area of the Urdini Lakes and the glacial valley of the Urdina River (northwestern Rila Mountain) has been made. Currently, it is the only protected area for minerals in Bulgaria. In this area, mainly pegmatite, but also skarn and alpine-type mineralizations, have been found to date. Of particular interest are the hybrid desilicified type pegmatites containing emerald, aquamarine and chrysoberyl crystals and the extremely rare native aluminum. The skarn mineralizations from this area are characterized by wollastonite, diopside, garnet (grossular, andradite), zoisite, clinozoisite, scapolite, vesuvianite and others. In the alpine-type mineralizations, well-formed crystals of quartz, adular, epidote and pyrite, as well as nests of almandine with albite, were observed as recrystallization of the minerals previously formed in the cavities of the host rocks. These cavities may also occasionally contain zeolites.
Short story poetics and theoretical and methodological bases of research into Kipling’s short story cycle
Authors: Alpaidze Tamar , Dzotsenidze Liana
Published: November 2021

According to the recent hypothesis, Kipling’s short stories are considered to be the products of the transformation of journalistic discourse into a literary one. Kipling’s short stories deal with the topic of “clashes” of Western and Eastern cultures. Linking these two cultural phenomena is an essential factor in his biography as well as poetics of his short stories and their internal connection needs to be considered in the analysis of the stories. This analysis should not only identify the traces of a report as a journalistic genre (even if at the level of subtext), but also confirm that Kipling’s work as a reporter implies his role as a representative of the Western culture. The given topic can be perceived as a problem due to the paradigmatic factor represented by its multidimensional nature i.e. the fact that it belongs to three dimensions of reality – linguistic, fictional and cultural.
Problems of Particle as an Unchangable part of speech in German Language
Authors: Chikovani Maia
Published: November 2021

Search of unchangable parts of speech in German linguistic is most interesting. Particles, along with other auxiliary words (adverb, conjunction, preposition) form a class of words whose problems are still the subject of active discussion today, due to their polisemy and variety of functions. Of particular interest in this regard are the colored particles, which gave special light-shadows to the meaning presented in the sentence. The search of particle semantics in comparison with homonymous units provides the possibility of interesting conclusions.The ability to represent particles in a sentence structure is also special. They have a definite place in the sentence, which also emphasizes the peculiarities of their functioning.
Writing strategies while teaching a foreign language
Authors: Mikadze Manana
Published: November 2021

Modern teaching methodology believes that the purpose of teaching writing in a foreign language is to develop the skills needed for learners to be able to complete written texts at the level that he (the student) would perform in his native language.The paper discusses writing as a means, writing as a result, and as a combination of both forms.Writing as a means. Writing is the best way to master almost every aspect of a foreign language (English at this point). For example, the student writes a new lexical item, grammar rules, answers written questions in writing, conveys individual thoughts in the form os essays. Writing as a key part of learning English, which is equally necessary for both knowledge acwuisition and testing.Writing as a result. The goal of all activities in English is to teach writing. Working on students’ spercific written forms at the “micro” level results in the student composing words or sentences.Writing as a means and an outcome. The third type of activity combines purposeful and original writing with the practice of establishing some skills and conveying content.
Dynamics of the Definitions of Culture and Cultural Policy
Authors: Shatberashvili Vazha
Published: November 2021

The primary purpose of the article is to demonstrate non-sustainability of the definition of cultural policy in terms of its dynamic and positive development. For this very reason, within the initial phase, the historical change of the concept of culture related to the cultural policy and its essence were reconsidered. This is derived from the fact, that clarifies multidimensional understanding of culture as one of the underlying reasons for the complexity of cultural policy. The article covers historic and primitive forms of cultural management, until the time when, due to the importance of culture for the development of humanity, in the second half of the twentieth century, cultural policy has been internationally recognized by the states as an essential cultural management mechanism. Illustrating the abovementioned, the article envisages both historical as well as contemporary works dedicated to culture and cultural policy.
Raising Awareness of the EU, European Values and Georgia's Association Agreement with the EU in Ethnic Minority Areas and IDP settlement -- on the Example of Jean Monnet's "European Learning Triangle" project at Caucasus University
Authors: Chelidze Guranda , kardava Ekaterine , Bragvadze Zurab
Published: November 2021

In the context of European Integration of Georgia, great importance is attached to the knowledge and expectations of the population, including the ethnic minorities, regarding Georgia’s integration in the EU and implementation of the EU-Georgia Association Agreement. According to the surveys taken by various organizations, the popular mood in Georgia is positive where the EU-integration is concerned. Although the interest towards the association is substantial it does not rely on the specifics and dynamics of the bilateral relations. Mostly, the information the people get from the TV is superficial. One option to raise the popular awareness is to implement the Caucasus University Erasmus + Jean Monnet “Triangle Effect of European Studies at Schools” (TEESS) project and share the university knowledge of European Studies with public schools. The project aims at raising awareness of the European integration, the Association Agreement and DCFTA in the regions densely populated by the IDPs, namely, the school children, teachers and their families. The workshops staged in the Georgian, Russian, Armenian and Azeri public schools in the capital Tbilisi and the towns of Akhaltsikhe and Marneuli partly attended by the IDPs made the scarcity of the information and the interest evident. The discussions showed that most of them realized the importance of the EU support to Georgia. We suggest a different planning of the information campaign targeted at sharing the European values and generally the EU-Georgia relations, on the one hand and better instruction in the Georgian language in the regions populated with the ethnic minorities. That is what “The European Association Process in Georgia”, a quadri-lingual textbook published within the frameworks of the Caucasus University “Erasmus +” Jean Monnet project funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia is targeted at. We suppose stepping up the project activities by adding elements of informal education and last but not the least, closer involvement of public agencies and institutions.
Interconnection of Orwell's Novel Animal Farm as a Micro-Universe and Our Macro-Universe
Authors: Abass Salim Kadhim
Published: November 2021

George Orwell is best known for his allegorical political novel, Animal Farm (1945), written in the period of Modernism in English literature. This novel is read as an offensive on totalitarianism in general, and a political satire against Stalinism Communist totalitarianism in particular. The current paper is conducted to investigate the relationship between the micro-universe which is represented by the narrative text of Orwell's novel Animal Farm, and macro-universe which represents the reality or the real world. The main aim of this study is to determine the interconnection of the micro-universe (the narrative text), and the macro-universe (the reality) through finding a convergence between the topics and events of the narrative text and our real world. Marxist Criticism and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) are used together as analytical approaches to investigate the selected narrative text and the historical, political, and social context in which the narrative text was written. The findings of this study points out that the narrative text of Animal Farm represents reality. This confirms the social and moral function of the committed literature which expresses human sufferings and aspirations for better conditions. The significance of the current study lies in provides better comprehension of the interconnection of the narrative text and reality as a missing feature in literature on this novel. This study contributes to literature on Orwell's novel Animal Farm particularly, and the field of the political English novels in general. Thus, this study extends the base of the researchers' knowledge in this literary area.

Keywords: Micro-universe and Macro-universe, Modernism, Totalitarianism, Animal Farm.
Formations et compétences : outils qui aident à la projection d’une stratégie de résilience du secteur touristique
Authors: TANANI Younes , SAIR Aziz
Published: November 2021

La résilience touristique peut être définie comme la capacité d’une destination à rebondir après confrontation d’une crise, d’un risque ou d’un imprévu. Il renvoit à l’ensemble des efforts déployés par une destination pour se relancer après avoir persévérer des dommages et des risques suite à une catastrophe naturelle, une crise sanitaire ou des menaces sécuritaires qui peuvent porter préjudice à ce secteur.

Ce travail a pour objet d’analyser et de mesurer l’adéquation entre l’offre pédagogique des formations sur le champ touristique et le besoin au niveau du marché du travail. Ceci va permet aux entreprises touristiques de bénéficier aussi bien du savoir, du savoir-être que du savoir-faire de leurs ressources humaines. Pour cela, notre recherche s’intervient pour détecter l’écart entre la formation supérieure au niveau du secteur touristique et le besoin existant au marché, ainsi qu’elle n’est plus adéquate avec les attentes des destinations touristiques.
Метод анализа динамики изменения требований назначения многофункциональных программно-технических систем
Authors: Логинов Илья Валентинович , Фролов Владимир Анатольевич
Published: November 2021

Развитие сложных программно-технических систем привело к существенному увеличению их структурной и функциональной сложности и приданию им свойств многофункциональности. Поддержка принятия решений на управление в процессе развития таких систем требует учета динамики изменения требований назначения, происходящих из-за вариации внешних условий. Это обосновывает актуальность разработки механизмов анализа изменения требований назначения многофункциональных систем. На основе анализа целеориентированных методов построения систем требований построена их модель в виде изменяемой иерархии функциональных требований. Предложенная модель позволяет учитывать как динамику изменения требований, так и взаимосвязи между ними. В результате анализа процесса изменения требований назначения многофункциональных систем выявлены основные факторы и показана необходимость учета динамики изменения требований. Для решения задач системного анализа введен показатель динамики изменения требований назначения, рассчитываемый как отношение суммы относительной величины изменения требований к наблюдаемой продолжительности изменения. Предложен подход к расчету показателя динамики требований на основе квалиметрического подхода, позволяющий учитывать изменения с учетом их важности на основе заранее построенного дерева показателей качества. Областью применения нового показателя является косвенная оценка изменения условий применения многофункциональных реконфигурируемых систем. Использование показателя позволяет решать прямую и обратную задачи оценки пригодности системы в условиях изменения требований. Расчет нового показателя для сложных систем отдельных классов показывает высокое значение (более 0,2 в год) динамики, что обосновывает актуальность мероприятий модернизации для поддержания пригодности многофункциональных систем.
Digital templating in total hip arthroplasty using contralateral healthy hip results in decreased accuracy
Authors: Shichman Ittai , Shaked Or , Morgan Samuel , Garceau Simon , Snir Nimrod , Warschawski Yaniv
Published: November 2021

The accuracy of pre-operative digital templating for total hip arthroplasty (THA) using the diseased versus unaffected contralateral joint remains unclear. As such, we devised a study to compare templating precision between the operated hip joint versus the healthy side for patients with osteoarthritis (OA). The study hypothesis was that preoperative templating accuracy of THA on the ipsilateral diseased hip joint would be higher compared to the contralateral healthy hip in patients with OA. We retrospectively reviewed 100 patients who underwent THA for unilateral OA at our center from January 2018 to January 2020. Retrospective preoperative digital templating was performed separately on both the operated hip joint and the healthy contralateral hip joint by a single surgeon who was blinded by the in-situ components sizes. Accuracy of each group was compared to the implanted components. Assessment of the 100 included cases demonstrated superior acetabular component size prediction when templating was performed using the diseased hip compared to the healthy contralateral side (68.0% versus 51.0%, p<0.001). No differences between the cohorts were found regarding templating accuracy of femoral stem sizes (72.0% and 69.0%, p=0.375) or neck offset (73.0% and 69.0%, p=0.289). Templating acetabular cup size using the ipsilateral diseased hip is more accurate than using the contralateral healthy hip in patients with unilateral OA.
A case of an atraumatic implant failure after primary rotating-hinge total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Petitqueux Lucas , Verhulst Karen , Dauwe Jan , Dauwe Dirk
Published: November 2021

Rotating-hinge knee implants are fully constrained knee prostheses commonly used for revision total knee arthroplasty. Nevertheless, rotating-hinge devices have been increasingly utilized in primary setting. Complications are inevitable in orthopedic surgery, however, implant breakage after RHK arthroplasty has been rarely described in medical literature.

We present a rare case of 70-year-old Caucasian, male patient who suffered an atraumatic femoral stem breakage in a primary NexGen ® Rotating Hinge Knee (Zimmer-Biomet ® , Warsaw, IN, USA).
The alpha defensin lateral flow test is effective in predicting eradication of periprosthetic joint infection after surgical debridement
Authors: Walker Lucy C , Clement Nick D , Hashmi Munawar , Green Stephen , Longstaff Lee , Deehan David J
Published: November 2021

The primary aim of this study was to assess the utility of the alpha defensin lateral flow (ADLF) test for predicting the eradication of PJI after surgical debridement. The secondary aim was to describe the reliability of ADLF test in diagnosis of PJI intra- operatively. A prospective observational study was conducted in three independent orthopaedic centres. Twenty-two patients undergoing revision surgery (debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR), single or two-stage revision) for PJI were recruited, 13 female and 9 male with an average age of 64 years. Samples were collected intra-operatively at the start of the first surgical procedure and then at the completion of debridement or prior to reimplantation depending on the operation performed. These samples were tested using ADLF and then sent for microbiological analysis. The ADLF result was then compared to the corresponding culture result in order to determine the diagnostic predictive accuracy. The reliability of ADLF test to predict eradication of infection after debridement of PJI was excellent for specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of which both where 100%, but had a poor sensitivity (14.3%) and negative predictive value (NPV) (62.5%). The reliability of ADLF test to predict PJI was poor with only a 50% sensitivity and specificity. The ADLF test has a high specificity and PPV for diagnosing eradication of infection after debridement. In contrast the ADLF testing appears to have poor diagnostic accuracy for PJI when used on intra-operative samples, prior to surgical intervention. No benefits or funds were received in suppo
Application of Steroid in Clinical Practice
Authors: Sonwane Tushar N. , Dhangar Pradip D. , Chaudhari Dhananjay D. , Ahire Rajesh D. , Jain Ritik S.
Published: November 2021

Corticosteroids represent important therapies for numerous acute conditions and chronic diseases based on their broad anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects. They have been used extensively in managing many oral diseases, due to their excellent anti-inflammatory and immune-modulator effect. This article is present at reviewing the uses of corticosteroids in the treatment various oral condition. To study more about corticosteroids and other related concepts. It was focus on Physiological effects, Effect of anesthesia and surgery and important indication of steroid in anaesthetic practice. There are strategies that can be used to minimize these risks, but some risks are often unavoidable. Topical use of corticosteroids, including inhalation, can be used to target specific organ for treatment. Corticosteroid therapy can be life-saving in serious and serve medical conditions.
Chính sách của Liên Xô đối với Bắc Triều Tiên (1945 - 1948)
Authors: Lê Phụng Hoàng
Published: November 2021

Dưới tác động của mục tiêu chiến lược hàng đầu trong chính sách đối ngoại là đảm bảo an ninh quốc gia, nhà lãnh đạo Xô Viết I. Stalin đã theo đuổi một đường lối đối ngoại cứng rắn ở Bắc Triều Tiên trong những năm 1945-1948. Chính sách này giữ vai trò không nhỏ trong tiến trình chia cắt bán đảo Triều Tiên thành hai quốc gia riêng biệt: Cộng hòa Dân chủ Nhân dân Triều Tiên và Hàn Quốc trong năm 1948.
Khảo sát thành phần bay hơi, xác định hàm lượng alkaloid và proanthocyanidin toàn phần trong lá cây Chùm ruột (Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels, Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Huỳnh Anh Duy , Tiết Thanh Phong , Lâm Thị Ngọc Giàu
Published: November 2021

Nghiên cứu cho thấy lá Chùm ruột có chứa những nhóm hợp chất chính như alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, tannin, saponin, steroid và đường khử. Từ cao ethanol lá Chùm ruột khi phân tích bằng phương pháp GC-MS thấy có chứa 16 cấu tử bay hơi, trong đó các cấu tử chiếm nhiều nhất là 3-Hexen-2-one (32,67%), 4-Butoxy-2-butanone (20,70%), 3,3-Dimethyl-2-hexanone (10,66%). Ngoài ra, khi định lượng bằng phương pháp quang phổ UV-Vis, lá Chùm ruột có chứa hàm lượng alkaloid toàn phần là 1,64 mg caffein/g bột dược liệu và proanthocyanidin toàn phần là 46,88 mg catechin/g bột dược liệu. Những kết quả trên lần đầu tiên được báo cáo từ lá cây Chùm ruột.
The Flavor of Tiflis in Hmayak Hakobian’s Art
Authors: Petrosyan Armine
Published: November 2021

Со Старым Тифлисом связаны страницы жизни и судьбы многих представителей нашей культуры. Сюжетом картин тифлисских армянских художников стали жители города, его уютные уголки, пивные, шумные рынки, дворики с их неповторимой атмосферой.
Առած-ասացվածքների լեզվաոճական առանձնահատկությունները Նշան Պեշիկթաշլյանի երգիծավեպերում
Authors: Առաքելյան Կարինե
Published: November 2021

Armenian satirical literature has rich traditions and deep roots. The genre of satire reached its apogee in the 19th – 20th centuries, particularly in the works of such Western Armenian writers as Hagob Paronian and Yervand Otian. Being one of the most brilliant satirists in the Diaspora literature, Nshan Peshiktashlian followed the legacy of the Western Armenian writers.
The Efforts of Archbishop Khoren Muradbekyan Aimed at the Normalization of Church-State Relations in 1924–1930
Authors: Hayrapetyan Kanakara
Published: November 2021

1924 год в истории Армянской Апостольской церкви является поворотным. Церковь переходит от автократической формы правления при Католикосе Всех Армян Георгии Е к коллегиальной форме при Верховном духовном совете, в котором архиепископ Хорен Мурадбекян пользовался особым авторитетом.
PROBLEMS OF CONTROL AND SUPERVISORY ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF ENSURING THE SAFETY OF ARTIFICIAL STRUCTURES ON HIGHWAYS
Authors: Диканова Т.А.
Published: November 2021

Рассматривается проблема приведения в нормативное состояние мостов и путепроводов на автодорогах. Приводятся нарушения, связанные с ненадлежащим содержанием и контролем за содержанием этих объектов, а также анализ нормативных правовых актов и предложения по устранению нарушений.

The article deals with the actual problem of bringing bridges and overpasses on highways into a normative state; the violations
identified by the regulatory authorities related to the improper maintenance and control over the maintenance of these artificial objects are presented,
the analysis of regulatory legal acts regulating this maintenance and control is given, proposals for eliminating violations are given.
APPLYING QUALITY TOOLS TO IDENTIFY CAUSES OF INCIDENTS IN THE ROAD TRANSPORT INDUSTRY
Authors: Шкробова В.И. , Загорский И.О.
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматриваются управленческие решения, следуя которым работники транспортных предприятий могут детально понять природу возникновения дорожно-транспортных происшествий и нарушений правил дорожного движения. Обращено внимание на инструменты качества, сделан акцент на их прикладном применении в целях улучшения процесса управления перевозками и минимизации аварийности. Демонстрируется применение инструментов качества как одного из методов анализа функционирования любого транспортного подразделения.

The article discusses management decisions, following which workers of transport enterprises can understand in detail the nature of the occurrence of road accidents and violations of traffic rules. Attention is paid to quality tools, emphasis is placed on their applied application to improve the controllability of the transportation process and minimize accidents. Demonstrates the use of quality tools as one of the methods for analyzing the functioning of any transport unit.