bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arquitectura en tierra. Raquis de palma como elemento estructural para los sistemas constructivos en tierra
Authors: Cadena-González Innias Miguel , Méndez Molina Bryan Leonardo , Méndez Molina Bryan Leonardo
Published: October 2021

La Arquitectura en tierra presenta un referente constructivo muy importante como es el bahareque, un sistema de construcción que ofrece viabilidad por las características estructurales que puede articular una edificación y la factibilidad de utilizar distintos tipos de maderas para su elaboración. Para efectos de este estudio, la investigación se enfoca en la planta Attalea butyracea, una palma presente en gran parte del continente americano, con antecedentes de uso desde tiempos precolombinos en gran cantidad de actividades diarias y uso artesanal en muchas regiones del país, extendiéndose en gran parte del territorio colombiano hasta el punto de ser considerada maleza. La investigación se centra en una revisión documental a nivel internacional, nacional y regional del bahareque como sistema constructivo, sin embargo, focalizado desde el uso del raquis de A. butyracea como elemento estructural, manteniendo como objetivo el documentar, la incidencia de este material en la construcción abordando la problemática a nivel global de huella ecológica y el uso de nuevos materiales con características de sostenibilidad y viabilidad de producción debido a su amplio uso en construcciones artesanales de Colombia, permitiendo proyectarla como base documental para futuros estudios de optimización y adecuación de este tipo de construcciones, debido a que es una planta abundante en el territorio, ayudando a promover la conservación del medio ambiente, la propagación y conservación de la identidad cultural, costumbres e historia ancestral que se ha perdido a través de los años. Los datos son recolectados desde diversas bases de datos, enfocando el estudio en la región Caribe colombiana, abordando desde la metodología los temas de construcción en bahareque y el raquis de palma por individual para luego articularlos y ver qué ventajas y desventajas se presentan como proceso constructivo arrojando resultados sobre las posibilidades de aplicación como elemento estructural para los sistemas constructivos en tierra.
Criptos activo para la intermediación e inversión financiera en Colombia
Authors: Mendoza Gallego José Alfonso , Bernal Cerquera Francisco Rivelino
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo de investigación pretende determinar cómo los Criptoactivos que participan en la intermediación financiera, captan el dinero que hace una persona de forma individual o jurídica, el intermediario financiero se refiere a la recaudación de ingresos de estas personas, que luego se distribuyen en forma de préstamos y fondos mutuos. De ese modo devengar intereses o cualquier otro beneficio propicio para quienes poseen fondos, o en beneficio para los intermediarios. Después del año 2020, lleno de incertidumbre, el año 2021 se presenta como año de recuperación financiera, en la que una gran cantidad de liquidez está lista para invertir en múltiples activos. Y ahora es más que nunca, es el momento de hablar de indumentarias o herramientas como una alternativa real de un sistema financiero centralizado y como un buen refugio para los próximos años. La digitalización y apertura de los mercados actuales y la capacidad máxima de las operaciones que se realizan actualmente, además de acercarse a una definición que permite la garantía de la intermediación e inversión financiera en Colombia al explicar las formas de que la administración de intervención en la economía tiene cómo lidiar con nuevas perspectivas que se adaptan a la digitalización de los mercados e identifican cada uno de los elementos que constituyen la obligación tributaria en la intervención general del estado el mercado de Criptoactivos.
The Role of Union Digital Centres in Reducing Social Inequalities in Bangladesh
Authors: Abedin Md. Minhajul , Ferdaus Muhammad , Shah A.M.M. Mubassher , Sayem Md Abu
Published: October 2021

Union Digital Centers have been inaugurated to accomplish the vision ‘Digital Bangladesh’ to empower rural people by providing digital services. The study attempts to assess the role of union digital centers in reducing social inequality. It also tries to identify the barriers in providing digital services to the local disadvantaged people. In this purpose, the study exerted a cross-sectional mixed-method approach. Data were collected from 399 service receivers of UDC through questionnaire survey, 16 KIIs and 5 FGDs. From principal component and correlation analysis, it is found that the grassroots people’s easy accessibility, citizen’s empowerment by minimizing information gap, quality service delivery at affordable price and time-cost-visit reduction play a significant role in reducing social inequality in rural areas. These factors are positively correlated with the effective service delivery of UDCs to reduce social inequality. Lack of awareness, conflict of job responsibility with UP secretaries and weak network connection are the major barriers in providing effective services of UDCs. Still UDCs bring a new dimension in the public service delivery system which empowers the people and reduce social inequalities in rural areas.
An Analysis of Lexical Cohesion on the Students’ Writing
Authors: Sidabutar Usman
Published: October 2021

This research aims at finding lexical cohesion in high and low-graded lexical cohesion types on the students' narrative writing. The researcher wants to reveal the reasons why the writing problems exist in lexical cohesion and also to find out what way that the students will use to solve the lexical types in writing narrative text. The present research uses the types of lexical cohesion as proposed by Halliday and Matthiensen (2014). The lexical cohesion items consist of repetition, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, and meronymy. The data of this research are derived from students' writing through writing research papers. This research was conducted in qualitative.  The results show that repetition becomes the highest occurrence in the students' writing as there are 240 occurrences (64%) in total types of lexical. Nevertheless, the least kind of lexical cohesion is hyponymy. There are only 20 occurrences (6, 6%). It can be seen that the meaning relation in the text occurs among the six types of lexical cohesion to make cohesive text. Besides that, the context of the text itself also refers to coherent text. It means that the text should consist of interrelated sentences to achieve good unity. Both are related to each other in creating well-structured text.  The students were sometimes difficult to connect one word with other words. There might be a reluctance of translating the classification of the real words of EFL. Pedagogically, the students need to get studying vocabularies professionally to upgrade the stage of English into an advanced level especially in teaching English writing ability. It was recommended to teachers or lecturers to take an in-depth look at the EFL learners' problems in writing English more than and the English lecturers practice the prompt way to master vocabulary as the core of enhancing the writing quality
Analisis Pengaruh Media Pendingin Terhadap Kekerasan Baja S45C Pada Proses Hardening-Tempering
Authors: Arlingga Alfian Siswara , - Somawardi , - Sugianto
Published: October 2021

This study used an experimental method, in the form of the heat treatment hardening  930⁰C with the variations in the cooling media of the coconut water, table salt water, mineral waterwater, coolant radiator, and dromus water and variations in temperatures of tempering 200⁰C, 420⁰C, and 600⁰C, the specimens were cylindrical in diameter 25 mm and 20 mm in length, this study aims to determine the optimum hardness value of S45C steel specimens due to the heat treatment process hardening-tempering.

From the results of the study, there is the effect of hardening 930⁰C there is the most optimal hardness value found in coconut water cooling media with the hardness level of 53.5 HRC. Under the influence of tempering 200⁰C there is the optimum hardness value found from the influence of mineral water cooling media with the hardness level of 50.7 HRC, while the influence of tempering 420⁰C there is the most optimal hardness value from the influence of mineral water cooling media with the hardness level of 41.8 HRC, and for tempering effect 600⁰C there is the most optimal hardness value available from the influence of the coconut water cooling media with the hardness level of 35.93 HRC.
Analisa Karakteristik Getaran Pada Mesin Asphalt Mixing Plant Tipe Apollo ANP- 1500 Berdasarkan Kapasitas Pembuatan Aspal Jalan Pada Daerah Horizontal, Vertikal Dan Longitudinal Berdasarkan Time Domain
Authors: Sihombing Suriady , Nababan Wilson , Sidabutar Ros Anita , Saragi Yetty Riris , Lumbangaol Partahi , Simanjuntak Salomo
Published: October 2021

Asphalt mixing plant machine is a tool used to process several materials into road asphalt, where it is necessary to know how to analyze the vibration characteristics of the asphalt mixing plant machine based on the capacity of making asphalt road in horizontal, vertical and longitudinal areas based on the time domain. The research method is carried out by collecting data on the amount of deviation, speed and acceleration that arise due to the processing of several materials so as to produce road asphalt based on differences in the capacity of different asphalt processed. Based on the measurement results, it is found that the highest vibration occurs at the asphalt mixing plant machine seat for a capacity of 60 tons/hour where the magnitude of the deviation is 0.222 mm in the horizontal direction at 100 seconds, the largest velocity is 11.99 mm/s horizontally in the second 40 mm/s and the largest acceleration is 369.7 mm/s2 in the horizontal direction of the 20th second. According to the ISO IS 2372 standard, the vibration of the Apollo ANP-1500 asphalt mixing plant machine enters class IV with a generator capacity above 75 KW, to be more precise (150KVA = 120KW). Then it can be analyzed that the generator vibration falls into the category of "vibration within tolerance limits and is only operated for a limited time" where the highest speed is 11.99 mm/s.
Beztekstowy przekaz anonimowego „Psalmu Dawida” w tabulaturze organowej z Kroż. Rekonstrukcja warstwy słownej i próba atrybucji
Authors: Jasiński Tomasz
Published: October 2021

Tekst traktuje o anonimowym Psalmie Dawida zapisanym w siedemnastowiecznej tabulaturze organowej z Kroż. Jest to kompozycja czterogłosowa o dyspozycji a voce piena, dwuczęściowa, dość rozbudowana (96 taktów), zapisana notacją wokalną w formie partytury, pozbawiona jednak tekstu słownego.

W pierwszej części artykułu autor dowodzi, że warstwę słowną dzieła stanowi pierwszy psalm Dawidowy w poetyckim przekładzie Jana Kochanowskiego – Szczęśliwy, który nie był miedzy złemi w radzie, a kompozycja oparta jest na melodii tegoż psalmu przytoczonej w Cantional Piotra Artomiusza z 1640 roku. W zaprezentowanej transkrypcji utworu podłożenie wskazanego tekstu nie nastręczyło zasadniczo trudności, tylko w niektórych fragmentach (np. takty 57–85) trzeba było w mniejszym lub większym stopniu odwołać się również do intuicji. Psalm Dawida wyróżnia się pod kilkoma względami: jako motet z tekstem w języku ojczystym jest nowością gatunkową w muzyce staropolskiej; przedstawia nieznaną dotąd kompozycję motetową do poezji Jana Kochanowskiego; odznacza się nienagannym warsztatem kontrapunktycznym, bardzo dobrym prowadzeniem głosów, pełnią brzmienia, klarownym przebiegiem tonalnym, jednością motywiczną i rytmiczno-fakturalną różnorodnością, koherencją słowno-muzyczną w sferze wyrazowej.

W drugiej części artykułu autor stawia tezę, że Psalm Dawida mógł skomponować Mikołaj Gomółka, po czym przedstawia analizę porównawczą konfrontującą Psalm z Melodiami na Psałterz polski Gomółki. Odnotowując liczne odmienności między Psalmem Dawida a Melodiami, autor wskazuje równocześnie na istnienie tego rodzaju pokrewieństw i zbieżności (m.in. melodycznych, rytmicznych, harmonicznych), które w dużym stopniu zdają się przemawiać za autorstwem Gomółki. Przedstawione studium badawcze nie kończy się jednoznaczną konkluzją, lecz pozostawia czytelnika z intrygującym pytaniem.
Vladimír Maňas, Nicolaus Zangius: hudebník přelomu 16. a 17. století. Na stopě neznámému. Brno 2020
Authors: Rzepka Sonia
Published: October 2021

Recenzja ksiązki: Vladimír Maňas, Nicolaus Zangius: hudebník přelomu 16. a 17. století. Na stopě neznámému, Brno 2020
Санітарний стан похідних ялинових насаджень Національного природного парку "Зачарований край"
Authors: Шишканинець І. Ф. , Лутак В. В. , Феннич В. С.
Published: October 2021

Територія Національного природного парку "Зачарований край" розташована в центральній частині Вигорлат-Гутинської Вулканічної гряди (передгір'я Східних Карпат) і на 96,7 % представлена лісовими землями. У породному складі явним домінантом є бук європейський (Fagus sylvatica L.) ‒ 92 %, на другому місці ялина європейська (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) ‒ 6,6 %, на решту порід припадає 1,4 % від площі вкритих лісовою рослинністю лісових ділянок. Регулярне вивчення стану насаджень на територіях природно-заповідного фонду ‒ одне із завдань, покладених на науковий відділ Національного природного парку "Зачарований край". Оцінювання санітарного стану здійснювали переважно у літні місяці (липень-вересень) 2020 р. на дев'яти кругових постійних пробних площах, з використанням відповідних методик. Встановлено, що деревостани (зважаючи на санітарний стан ялини загалом) за індексом санітарного стану є дуже ослабленими ‒ участь ялини у складі 3-4 одиниці, всихаючими ‒ 7-8 одиниць, всохлими ‒ 9-10 одиниць. За ступенем деградації фотосинтетичного апарату деревостани з участю ялини у складі 3-4 та 7 одиниць належать до класу "середньо ушкоджені", а деревостани з участю ялини у складі 8-10 одиниць – переважно до класу "дуже ушкоджені". Середня частка сухостійної деревини в загальному запасі збільшилася за 10-річний період від 2,9 до 37,8 %. При цьому середня частка сухостійної деревини у змішаних деревостанах становить 21,8 %, а у чистих та з переважанням участі ялини (8 і 9 одиниць) ‒ 45,8 %. Виявлено, що середня частка сухостійних дерев на пробних площах становить 63,5 % ‒ від кількості дерев ялини та 44,6 % ‒ від загальної кількості дерев. Середня частка сухостійних дерев у змішаних деревостанах становить 29,1 %, а у чистих та з участю ялини 9 і 8 одиниць ‒ 53,1 %. Масове всихання ялини призвело до переходу більшості деревостанів ялини, за елементом лісу, у всохлі насадження. Основними причинами деградації ялинових деревостанів є осередки короїдів та абіотичні чинники (вітровали та буреломи), що призвели до механічних пошкоджень стовбурів.
Some Applications of Wagner's Weighted Subgraph Counting Polynomial
Authors: Bencs Ferenc , Csikvári Péter , Regts Guus
Published: October 2021

We use Wagner's weighted subgraph counting polynomial to prove that the partition function of the anti-ferromagnetic Ising model on line graphs is real rooted and to prove that roots of the edge cover polynomial have absolute value at most $4$. We more generally show that roots of the edge cover polynomial of a $k$-uniform hypergraph have absolute value at most $2^k$, and discuss applications of this to the roots of domination polynomials of graphs. We moreover discuss how our results relate to efficient algorithms for approximately computing evaluations of these polynomials.
Змеи
Authors: Какишев Мурат
Published: October 2021

змеи короновирус
Skin and immune cells crosstalk via circadian regulations
Authors: Orihara Kanami
Published: October 2021

Both innate and adaptive immune cells exist in the skin, predominantly in the dermis layer. Recent studies have focused on how and which circadian rhythms contribute to maintain good health. Over recent years, we have gained a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control biological clocks and circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms maintain homeostasis by providing day and night information to various physiological functions of our body. However, excessively high immune system activity can lead to a risk of developing autoimmune or allergic diseases. Recently, increasing numbers of studies with human and mouse models have been conducted to investigate the mechanisms underlying circadian regulation of the skin homeostasis. In this review, circadian regulation in the skin will be discussed from different points of view. Skin is referred as the largest organ of the body and is directly exposed to the external environment, including large changes in diurnal temperature, light, and pathogens. Immune cells as well as skin cells are the ones protecting us from these stimulants. Associations of the circadian system and these cells have been revealed in many ways, however, the specific roles of the peripheral clocks in these cells remain unknown. Circadian regulation in the skin diseases is discussed specifically in atopic dermatitis and other skin allergic symptoms as well as psoriasis.
Reflexiones en torno a la construcción de la noción de sanción jurídica: el indispensable recurso a la teoría general a objeto de distinguir la sanción administrativa de la pena judicial
Authors: Montero Cartes Cristian Ismael
Published: October 2021

Tras constatar que el entendimiento tradicional de las sanciones jurídicas se ha articulado a partir de, y en función a, la teoría del Derecho penal (cuestión que, al mismo tiempo, condiciona la configuración de otros tipos de sanciones como las administrativas y explica, siquiera en parte, la asunción de un supuesto ius puniendi único del Estado), el autor plantea que un análisis correcto y fructífero del concepto de sanción administrativa exige insertarla en el contexto más amplio de las sanciones jurídicas, en tanto se trata de una especie de esta —como, asimismo, la pena judicial— y, por tanto, su construcción teórico-dogmática debe realizarse, previamente, a partir de la teoría general del Derecho.
MATEMÁTICA I
Authors: Marcos Maria da Graça , Barreiras Alcinda , Oliveira Marisa
Published: October 2021

Este livro pretende ser um contributo para as unidades curriculares de Matemática 1 ou Análise Matemática, focando aspetos considerados essenciais para os estudantes de engenharia e de ciências em geral de forma a fornecer conhecimentos base necessários para outras unidades curriculares. Os seus conteúdos resultam em grande parte da experiência das autoras no ensino destas unidades curriculares nos vários cursos de Engenharia que são ministrados no Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP) e incluem o cálculo diferencial, o cálculo integral, as séries numéricas e séries de funções. Foi escrito tendo como premissa básica o ser acessível para qualquer estudante do 1º ano do ensino superior, considerando as bases matemáticas apreendidas no ensino secundário.
Breaching the Limit: Formation of GW190521-like and IMBH Mergers in Young Massive Clusters
Authors: Arca-Sedda Manuel , Paolo Rizzuto Francesco , Naab Thorsten , Ostriker Jeremiah , Giersz Mirek , Spurzem Rainer
Published: October 2021

The LIGO-Virgo-Kagra Collaboration (LVC) discovered recently GW190521, a gravitational wave (GW) source associated with the merger between two black holes (BHs) with mass 66 and >85 M
⊙. GW190521 represents the first BH binary merger with a primary mass falling in the upper-mass gap and the first leaving behind an ∼150 M
⊙ remnant. So far, the LVC has reported the discovery of four further mergers having a total mass >100 M
⊙, i.e., in the intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) mass range. Here, we discuss results from a series of 80 N-body simulations of young massive clusters that implement relativistic corrections to follow compact object mergers. We discover the development of a GW190521-like system as the result of a third-generation merger, and four IMBH-BH mergers with total mass (300–350)M
⊙. We show that these IMBH-BH mergers are low-frequency GW sources detectable with LISA and Deci-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (DECIGO) out to redshift z = 0.01–0.1 and z > 100, and we discuss how their detection could help unraveling IMBH natal spins. For the GW190521 test case, we show that the third-generation merger remnant has a spin and effective spin parameter that matches the 90% credible interval measured for GW190521 better than a simpler double merger and comparable to a single merger. Due to GW recoil kicks, we show that retaining the products of these mergers require birth sites with escape velocities ≳50–100 km s−1, values typically attained in galactic nuclei and massive clusters with steep density profiles.
Which Molecular Cloud Structures Are Bound?
Authors: Evans II Neal J. , Heyer Mark , Miville-Deschênes Marc-Antoine , Nguyen-Luong Quang , Merello Manuel
Published: October 2021

We analyze surveys of molecular cloud structures defined by tracers ranging from CO J = 1 → 0 through 13CO J = 1 → 0 to dust emission together with NH3 data. The mean value of the virial parameter and the fraction of mass in bound structures depends on the method used to identify structures. Generally, the virial parameter decreases and the fraction of mass in bound structures increases with the effective density of the tracer, the surface density and mass of the structures, and the distance from the center of a galaxy. For the most complete surveys of structures in the Galaxy defined by CO J = 1 → 0, the fraction of mass that is in bound structures is 0.19. For catalogs of other galaxies based on CO J = 2 → 1, the fraction is 0.35. These results offer substantial alleviation of the fundamental problem of slow star formation. If only clouds found to be bound are counted and they are assumed to collapse in a freefall time at their mean cloud density, the sum over all clouds in a complete survey of the Galaxy yields a predicted star formation rate of 46 M
⊙ yr−1, a factor of 6.5 less than if all clouds are bound.
Forward Modeling of Solar Coronal Magnetic-field Measurements Based on a Magnetic-field-induced Transition in Fe x
Authors: Chen Yajie , Li Wenxian , Tian Hui , Chen Feng , Bai Xianyong , Yang Yang , Yang Zihao , Liu Xianyu , Deng Yuanyong
Published: October 2021

It was recently proposed that the intensity ratios of several extreme ultraviolet spectral lines from Fe x ions can be used to measure the solar coronal magnetic field based on magnetic-field-induced transition (MIT) theory. To verify the suitability of this method, we performed forward modeling with a three-dimensional radiation magnetohydrodynamic model of a solar active region. Intensities of several spectral lines from Fe x were synthesized from the model. Based on MIT theory, the intensity ratios of the MIT line Fe x 257 Å to several other Fe x lines were used to derive magnetic-field strengths, which were then compared with the field strengths in the model. We also developed a new method to simultaneously estimate the coronal density and temperature from the Fe x 174/175 and 184/345 Å line ratios. Using these estimates, we demonstrated that the MIT technique can provide reasonably accurate measurements of the coronal magnetic field in both on-disk and off-limb solar observations. Our investigation suggests that a spectrometer that can simultaneously observe the Fe x 174, 175, 184, 257, and 345 Å lines and allow an accurate radiometric calibration for these lines is highly desired to achieve reliable measurements of the coronal magnetic field. We have also evaluated the impact of the uncertainty in the Fe x 3p4 3d 4D5/2 and 4D7/2 energy difference on the magnetic-field measurements.
The Nuclear Star Cluster and Nuclear Stellar Disk of the Milky Way: Different Stellar Populations and Star Formation Histories
Authors: Nogueras-Lara Francisco , Schödel Rainer , Neumayer Nadine
Published: October 2021

The Milky Way’s nuclear stellar disk (NSD) and nuclear star cluster (NSC) are the main features of the Galactic center. Nevertheless, their observation is hampered by the extreme source crowding and high extinction. Hence, their relation and formation scenario are not fully clear yet. We aim to detect the stellar populations from the NSC and the NSD along the line of sight toward the NSC and assess whether they have different stellar populations and star formation histories. We analyzed the color–magnitude diagram, K

s
versus H−K

s
, of a region of 8.′2 × 2.′8 centered on the NSC, and detected two different stellar groups with different extinctions. We studied their red clumps to find the features associated with each of the stellar populations. We obtained that the two groups of stars correspond to the NSD and the NSC and found that they have significantly different stellar populations and star formation histories. We detected a double red clump for the NSD population, in agreement with previous work, whereas the NSC presents a more complex structure well fitted by three Gaussian features. We created extinction maps to analyze the extinction variation between the detected stellar groups. We found that the high-extinction layer varies on smaller scales (arcseconds) and that there is a difference of

A

K

s

∼ 0.6 mag between both extinction layers. Finally, we obtained that the distance toward each of the stellar populations is compatible with the Galactic center distance and found some evidence of a slightly closer distance for the NSD stars (∼360 ± 200 pc).
Des morceaux choisis à la littérature ? Les extraits dans les manuels de français à l’école primaire : quelles limites pour rendre l’élève lecteur ?
Authors: Finet Béatrice
Published: October 2021

L’apprentissage de la lecture est un enjeu important à l’école primaire. La présence d’un auteur réputé en littérature pour la jeunesse dans des manuels récents de cycle 3 tendrait à montrer que les auteurs prennent en compte les recommandations des listes Eduscol ainsi que la volonté exprimée dans les programmes d’enseigner la compréhension et la lecture littéraire. Les choix des auteurs concernant « l’agencement » (Denizot) servent des finalités pédagogiques différentes, notamment un apprentissage formel. La relation d’« amphitextualité », ainsi induite, semble valoriser davantage une lecture purement instrumentale et des objectifs éducatifs (Bishop) qui finalement éloigneraient les élèves de l’apprentissage de la littérature. Enfin, l’effet de patrimonialisation (Louichon) instauré par la présence du même auteur tend à en faire un auteur scolaire, ce qui substitue la nécessité de faire lire son œuvre.
Quand Dunkerque vendait à l’Europe du tabac américain. Melchior Didier, un manufacturier dunkerquois à la veille de la guerre d’Amérique (1770-1774)
Authors: Leclercq Romain
Published: October 2021

Au cours du xviii e  siècle, Dunkerque devient le foyer d’une intense activité manufacturière : n’étant pas soumis au contrôle de la Ferme générale, la Flandre peut s’adonner librement à la culture, à la fabrication et à la vente de tabac. La fabrication de tabac prend ainsi une grande ampleur à Dunkerque et dépasse en importance les activités maritimes du port. En 1749, les manufactures dunkerquoises de tabac emploient 4 000 ouvriers pour une population de 15 000 habitants. La situation de carrefour de la cité flamande au nord-ouest européen se double du privilège inestimable qu’est la franchise fiscale intégrale du port. Cela permet aux manufacturiers dunkerquois d’importer d’Angleterre à moindre coût le tabac virginien afin de le transformer en carottes commercialisables, le plus souvent en y mêlant une part variable de tabac brun indigène cultivé en Flandre. Sur un marché du tabac très concurrentiel, mais où la demande va croissante dans toute l’Europe, les tabacs estampillés « façon de Dunkerque » vont jouir d’une excellente réputation, concurrençant sans difficultés les tabacs de Paris, de Saint-Omer, de Hollande ou encore de Strasbourg. L’activité du négociant-manufacturier Melchior Didier (1709-1788) est l’occasion de lever le voile sur cette industrie dunkerquoise qui reste encore mal connue.
Un homme entre deux mondes. Charles Carroll of Carrollton, des jésuites de Saint-Omer à l’indépendance américaine (1748-1783)
Authors: Pruvost Guillaume
Published: October 2021

Unique signataire catholique de la déclaration d’indépendance des États-Unis, Charles Carroll of Carrollton a étudié à Saint-Omer, Reims, Paris, Bourges et Londres. Cette formation européenne, couplée à l’éducation reçue de son père et aux réseaux auxquels il a appartenu, ont fait de Charles un homme à part. Étranger des deux côtés de l’Atlantique, Charles Carroll a gardé de sa formation européenne un point de vue transatlantique des événements qui secouent l’Amérique, ce qui fait de lui un véritable homme entre deux mondes.
Jules Huret, grand reporter au Figaro . Avènement d’un Boulonnais à Paris et à l’international
Authors: Priotti Jean-Philippe , Lescop Guillaume
Published: October 2021

Jules Huret devient dès la fin du xix e  siècle un des reporters les plus lus de son époque et ses récits de voyage en Europe et en Amérique constituent d’authentiques best sellers . Le rayonnement de sa méthode « du voir et du sentir », ainsi qu’un procédé novateur d’enquête directe, insistant sur le témoignage de première main, imprègnent durablement le journalisme étranger. L’étude de sa trajectoire, de son lieu de naissance à Paris, permet de détecter les logiques de fonctionnement qui le font parvenir au sommet de son art.
Impact du changement climatique sur l’agriculture : une quantification du biais de prix dans les approches économétriques
Authors: Ochou Fabrice , Quirion Philippe
Published: October 2021

Beaucoup d’études économétriques évaluent l’impact du changement climatique sur l’agriculture en supposant les prix agricoles exogènes. Si les variables climatiques influencent ces prix, il en résulte un « biais de prix », dont on reconnaît l’existence mais qui n’a jamais été quantifié. Nous quantifions ce biais dans le cas du Burkina Faso, avec un panel de 45 provinces et 14 années, pour les trois céréales les plus cultivées : maïs, mil et sorgho. Le rendement en grain est sensible aux chocs météorologiques. Si ces chocs diminuent le rendement en grain de 10 %, le prix des céréales augmente de 2 à 3 %. Le biais de prix est important, puisque la perte de bien-être est 20 % à 70 % plus élevée que celle calculée en supposant les prix exogènes. L’ampleur du biais dépend de celle du choc météorologique, du modèle économétrique utilisé et des hypothèses retenues sur les coûts de production. Classification JEL  : O13, Q51, Q54.
Les démons pèchent-ils toujours ?
Authors: Costa Iacopo
Published: October 2021

L’article étudie les théories scolastiques de l’ obstinatio des démons chez certains théologiens de la seconde moitié du xiii e  siècle et du début du xiv e . On analyse, en particulier, comment ces auteurs ont caractérisé l’état de la volonté des créatures damnées : contrairement à la volonté des viatores , qui peut être bonne ou mauvaise, et à la volonté des anges, qui ne peut plus pécher, la volonté des damnés se trouve dans la situation paradoxale de causer librement, entièrement ou en partie, l’acte même qui constitue leur punition et dont ils voudraient se libérer.
Les dimensions systémiques de la crise des abus dans l’Église catholique et la réforme de l’ecclésiologie courante
Authors: Legrand Hervé
Published: October 2021

Dans la gestion peu évangélique des délits sexuels, commis par des clercs, l’ecclésiologie catholique courante a montré des faiblesses systémiques, qu’illustre particulièrement l’usage de la dichotomie « sacerdoce et laïcat » dans la forme qu’a favorisée le tridentinisme. Ce dernier a compris l’ordination moins comme accès au pastorat d’une Eglise et plus comme une dotation personnelle de pouvoirs sacramentels, sans liens nécessaires avec une Église locale. Ce modèle connaît sa fin en Occident, malgré son exaltation récente, conjuguée à celle des nouveaux mouvements. Le renouveau passerait par une plus grande responsabilisation des diocèses et de leurs évêques, allant de pair avec une synodalité effective, un statut renouvelé du clergé et une révision de la théologie de la vocation aux ministères ordonnés, dans le sens rappelé par saint Pie X.
Five genes involved in circular RNA-associated competitive endogenous RNA network correlates with metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Qiu Jie ,   Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China, Sun Maolin , Zang Chuanshan , Jiang Liwei , Qin Zuorong , Sun Yan , Liu Mingbo , Zhang Wenwei ,   Department of Otolaryngology, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572000, China,   Radiology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to identify potential circular RNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA biomarkers as well as their underlying regulatory mechanisms in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Three microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database as well as expression data and clinical phenotype from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were downloaded, followed by differential expression, functional enrichment, protein–protein interaction (PPI), and module analyses. The support vector machine (SVM)-recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm was used to screen the key circRNAs. Finally, the mRNA-miRNA-circRNA regulatory network and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network were constructed. The prognostic value and clinical correlations of key mRNAs were investigated using TCGA dataset, and their expression was validated using the UALCAN database. A total of 1039 mRNAs, 18 miRNAs and 137 circRNAs were differentially expressed in patients with PTC. A total of 37 key circRNAs were obtained using the SVM-RFE algorithm, whereas 46 key mRNAs were obtained from significant modules in the PPI network. A total of 11 circRNA-miRNA pairs and 40 miRNA-mRNA pairs were predicted. Based on these interaction pairs, 46 circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs were integrated, of which 8 regulatory pairs in line with the ceRNA hypothesis were obtained, including two circRNAs (circ_0004053 and circ_0028198), three miRNAs (miR-199a-5p, miR-199b-5p, and miR-7-5p), and five mRNAs, namely APOA2, CCL20, LPAR5, MFGE8, and TIMP1. Survival analysis showed that LPAR5 expression was associated with patient survival. APOA2 expression showed significant differences between metastatic and non-metastatic tumors, whereas CCL20, LPAR5, MFGE8 and TIMP1 showed significant differences between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes. Overall, we identified several potential targets and regulatory mechanisms involved in PTC. APOA2, CCL20, LPAR5, MFGE8, and TIMP1 may be correlated with PTC metastasis.
MOTILITY OF THE UNPREPARED INTESTINAL TRACT IN HEALTHY HUMANS AND PATIENTS WITH SLOW TRANSIT CONSTIPATION REVEALED BY USING MICRO-ELECTRONIC CAPSULE
Authors: Cui Liu , Huang Jing , Shi Yanjiao , Yang Hongzhe
Published: October 2021

Slow transit constipation (STC) is usually accompanied by intestinal motility abnormalities. Although conventional anorectal manometry could record the pressure in the colon, most patients need preparation of intestinal tract. The intervention of catheter for monitoring the intestinal pressure also affects the clinical measurement. The pressure data collected by the conventional anorectal manometry cannot fully characterize the dynamic characteristics of the intestine. Thus, we aimed to obtain colonic pressure data under normal physiological conditions. Utilizing these data, we analyze the difference of colonic motility parameters between healthy control and patients with STC. A micro-electronic capsule made by ourselves was used to gather the subjects’ intestinal pressure in their daily life. Several intestinal motility parameters were calculated from the pressure profile. The average energy of colonic pressure data in the STC group is higher than the healthy control group (HC: 259.95 vs. STC: 821.28). But the STC group has a lower average complexity of colonic motility (HC: 0.80 vs. STC: 0.64). About 81.25% of the colonic data from patients with STC could be identified by using slow transit constipation (SVM) classifier. Compared with health control, most colonic parameters of patients with STC are higher under the normal physiological conditions, but the complexity of colonic motility is lower in the STC group. The correct rate of colonic pressure recognition in the STC group is more than 80% by using SVM classifier.
The Effects of COVID-19 and Disasters on Scheduling Function in Mega-Projects
Authors: Naidoo Vannie
Published: October 2021

Mega-projects are crucial as they strive to provide infrastructural development and support growth and sustainability of a country's economy. Scheduling is an integral part of mega-projects, and special attention needs to be given to the planning of this activity. It is important that an experienced person in the project team be responsible for scheduling activities for the mega-project. In 2020, COVID-19 appeared and had devastating consequences on the world and all sectors of society including business, industry, and the economy. Mega-projects were also affected by COVID-19, a deadly pandemic that has caused a loss of millions of lives worldwide. The scheduling of mega-projects during lock-down proved problematic, causing major delays, backlogs, and additional cost and rescheduling of activities in the project. Disasters are also another factor that can hinder project performance. This chapter will unpack scheduling in mega-projects and how it is affected by COVID-19 and other disasters.
A Case Study of Knowledge Management and Organizational Culture in an Undergraduate Software Development Team Project
Authors: Pal Kamalendu
Published: October 2021

People work in software development projects to bundle the human resources and use the systematic approach to share system development knowledge. One can view knowledge as personalized related to facts, procedures, concepts, interpretations, ideas, and judgments. This way, knowledge is the outcome of the cognitive processing of information. Knowledge can be transferred from a source to a receiver. The collaborative knowledge-sharing mechanism is known as knowledge management (KM) in the software industry. The software developers can communicate with, learn from, and solve problems with other participating team members. The organizational culture is an essential factor in knowledge management success since it influences how team members learn and share knowledge. This chapter presents a case study that aimed to compare, in practice, the relationship between the KM cycle (SECI – socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization model) and the organizational culture through the competing values framework (CVF).
A Technique for Securing Big Data Using K-Anonymization With a Hybrid Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Madan Suman , Goswami Puneet
Published: October 2021

The recent techniques built on cloud computing for data processing is scalable and secure, which increasingly attracts the infrastructure to support big data applications. This paper proposes an effective anonymization based privacy preservation model using k-anonymization criteria and Grey wolf-Cat Swarm Optimization (GWCSO) for attaining privacy preservation in big data. The anonymization technique is processed by adapting k- anonymization criteria for duplicating k records from the original database. The proposed GWCSO is developed by integrating Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) for constructing the k-anonymized database, which reveals only the essential details to the end users by hiding the confidential information. The experimental results of the proposed technique are compared with various existing techniques based on the performance metrics, such as Classification accuracy (CA) and Information loss (IL). The experimental results show that the proposed technique attains an improved CA value of 0.005 and IL value of 0.798, respectively.
The Journal of Limnology's 80th anniversary
Authors: Fontaneto Diego , Bertoni Roberto
Published: October 2021

Celebrating an anniversary is, at the same time, appreciation of past well-being and hope for a favourable future. However, celebrating the birthday of a scientific journal is not just an act of hope in the future, but rather an act of faith in research and in science as tools for the advancement of the human species....
Caecal duplication, a case report
Authors: Corroppolo Michele , Pani Elisa , Bortolami Maria Teresa , Sadri Hamid Reza , Beretta Fabio , Revetria Clara , Mazzero Giosuè , Ciardini Enrico
Published: October 2021

The caecum is one of the rarest sites of intestinal duplication cysts. The most common symptomatology includes vomiting, abdominal pain, abdominal distention, palpable mass and rectal bleeding. Most of the duplications are diagnosed within the first two years of life, including prenatal diagnosis. Only few cases of caecal duplication have been reported in the literature up to the present day. We are going to present a case of a five-years old girl with caecum duplication who reached our ward due to abdominal distension with no other symptoms.
Efficacy of Levamisole, Piperazine and their Combination in the Control of Gastrointestinal Worms in Guinea Fowl
Authors: Amemor E. , Nyarku R.E. , Cudjoe P. , Opoku-Agyemang T. , Tasiame W. , Emikpe B.O.
Published: October 2021

Guinea fowl production is gaining prominence in Ghana and the major health problems associated is helminthosis. However, studies on the use of anthelmintics in guinea fowl had been scanty in literature despite research into more effective drug strategies in controlling helminth infections in poultry. This study was carried out to compare the efficacy of piperazine, levamisole and their combination in the control of gastrointestinal worms from August- December 2019. Six-thousand-layer guinea fowls were divided into four groups (1, 2, 3 and 4). Group 1 was treated with piperazine at 100g/100 L of water, Group 2 with levamisole at 100g/200 L of water, Group 3 with a combination of levamisole and piperazine and Group 4 was the control group. All treatments were  administered via water medication and the control group was offered plain water. Faecal samples were collected before and after treatment from each bird. Faecal egg count reduction (FECR) rate was determined for each group. Predominant helminth infections from pre- treatment faecal examinations were Ascaridia galli 100 (60.24 %) which was the highest, followed by Heterakis gallinarum 43 (25.90%), Strongyloides avium 15 (9.04%), Raillietina echinobothridia 7 (4.22) and Syngamus trachea 1 (0.6%). Reduction was statistically significant, p-value ˂ 0.0001 at confidence interval of 95%. The percentage reduction in faecal egg count was 143 (35.75%) for piperazine treatment group, 172 (43%) for levamisole treatment group, 350 (87.50%) for piperazine- levamisole  combination group and 4 (1.05%) for the control group. The use of piperazine-levamisole combination was more efficacious and recommended in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in guinea fowl.
The efficacy of a single oral dose of albendazole against soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Sam-Wobo S.O. , Garba Amadou D. , Vlaminck J. , Levecke B. , Adekunle O.N. , Surakat O.A.
Published: October 2021

Soil Transmitted Helminths (STHs) are Neglected Tropical Diseases of global public health importance. This study evaluated the efficacy of albendazole (ALB) amongst primary school children aged 6 – 16 years in STH-endemic communities in Ogun State, Nigeria. Demographic characteristics were obtained and stool samples were collected and analysed by Kato-Katz at baseline and 15 and 21 days post-treatment. All study participants were treated with a single ALB 400 mg tablet. A total of 282 participants were screened at baseline, of which 151 were found to be excreting STH (51.4%) of which A. lumbricoides was the most prevalent STH (n = 137, 48.6%), followed by hookworm (n = 60 children, 21.3%) and T. trichiura (n = 3; 1.1%). The prevalence across the four schools varied from 31.3% to 73.9% for A. lumbricoides, from 6.8% to 56.3% for hookworm, and from 0.0% and 2.2% for T. trichiura  infections. Of the 151 children excreting any STH infection at baseline, 131 (86.8%) provided a stool sample 15 and 21 days after treatment. The mean fecal egg counts across these complete cases at baseline was 5,096 (± 13,735) eggs per gram (EPG) for A. lumbricoides, 2,202 (±7,849) for hookworms and 288 (±375) for T. trichiura. Fifteen days after drug administration the therapeutic efficacy, measured as the reduction in mean fecal egg count (FEC) following drug administration (ERR), was 99.7% (95CI: 99.4-99.9) for A. lumbricoides and 69.2% (95CI: 28.7-92.8) for hookworms. The hookworm ERR at day 14 was reduced due to the continued high egg output of one highly infected individual. One week later, 21 days following drug administration, ERR for hookworm also reached satisfactory levels (99.4% (95CI: 98.7-99.8)). This study highlights that ALB still shows satisfactory efficacy to Ascaris and hookworm infections in Ogun State, Nigeria.
Possible impact of Urbanization on the breeding of Blackfly Vector and transmission of Onchocerciasis in some parts of Nigeria
Authors: Nwoke B.E.B. , Ikpeama C. , Mafuyai H.B.
Published: October 2021

Onchocerciasis, caused by Onchocerca volvulus is transmitted in Nigeria by female blackflies of the Simulium damnosum group. To monitor interruption of transmission and or elimination of onchocerciasis, traps are normally set and or human landing collection of female flies carried out at high risk areas along these river banks (the breeding sites). Currently, the protocol demands that at least 6000 female flies be collected from each transmission zone for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis in order to determine the infectivity rate of the female blackflies. During the May 2021 Nigerian Onchocerciasis Elimination Committee (NOEC) Meeting, it was observed that very low or no female S. damnosum flies were trapped and or caught in 18 months of field exercise from the river systems in Kebbi and Zamfara States as well as Abuja the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). These river systems hitherto were  productive breeding sites of blackfly vector hence transmission of onchocerciasis was active and the areas were endemic for onchocerciasis. Again, these rivers are known to traverse the semi-urban and urban centres in these areas. It was suggested that among other factors, that rapid urbanization in these areas may be a major contributory factor that has affected the ecology of the breeding sites and has made the rivers currently considered non-suitable breeding waters for the blackfly vectors. This study was a literature search undertaken to bring to focus the possibility that urbanization may have negatively impacted on the breeding of Simulium vectors and transmission of onchocerciasis in Kebbi and Zamfara States as well as Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory, and helped the elimination of the disease. Some research questions are also thrown up to guide empirical and operational studies.