bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electroencephalographic-based wearable instrumentation to monitor the executive functions during gait: a feasibility study
Authors: Arpaia Pasquale , Cuocolo Renato , De Blasiis Paolo , Della Calce Anna , Fullin Allegra , Gargiulo Ludovica , Maffei Luigi , Moccaldi Nicola
Published: June 2023

A feasibility study on electroencephalographic monitoring of executive functions during dual (motor and cognitive) task execution is presented. Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals are acquired by means of a wearable device with few channels and dry electrodes. The light weight and wireless device allow for walking in a natural way. The most significant EEG features are investigated to classify different levels of activation for two fundamental Executive Functions (EF) both in sitting and walking conditions. Power spectral density in the gamma band resulted in the most relevant feature in discriminating low and high levels of Inhibition. Power spectral density in the beta and gamma bands resulted the most discriminating the level of activation of Working Memory. The study poses the basis for (i) monitoring the activation levels of EF during Gait allowing loss prevention in the elderly and (ii) specific cognitive rehabilitation aimed at the most relevant executive functions during walking.
Statements of conformity provided by laboratories
Authors: Cop Ana
Published: June 2023

When required to provide a statement of conformity, the laboratory shall agree with its customer on the specification and decision rule to be applied. Employing a decision rule on how to take into account measurement uncertainty carries the risk of providing an incorrect decision. To reduce this risk, the mechanism of guard banding is introduced. This technical note covers the approach presented in ILAC G8 and other relevant literature. In some cases, e.g. when assessing conformity with regulatory requirements, measurement uncertainty is taken into account indirectly. When providing statements of conformity, laboratories usually consider the risk related to a particular test item. Providing the statement of conformity is also covered by the ISO/IEC 17025 standard for the competence of laboratories.
A theoretical model for uncertainty sources identification in tip-timing measurement systems
Authors: Tribbiani Giulio , Capponi Lorenzo , Tocci Tommaso , Truffarelli Tiberio , Marsili Roberto , Rossi Gianluca
Published: June 2023

A theoretical model for uncertainty sources identification in tip-timing measurement systems
Effects of saliva on additive manufacturing materials for dentistry applications: Experimental research using flexural strength analysis
Authors: Zara Tommaso , Capponi Lorenzo , Masciotti Francesca , Pagano Stefano , Marsili Roberto , Rossi Gianluca
Published: June 2023

Accurate and reliable results in orthodontics heavily depend on selecting the right impression materials. With the rise of digital technology and additive manufacturing techniques, it has become necessary to characterize experimentally the materials used to design prosthetic bases. In this study, the mechanical properties of Polyetheretherketone, Nylon6, Nylon12, and Polypropylene are analyzed, as impression materials commonly used in dentistry applications. Specifically, the effect on their flexural elastic modulus of the exposure to working environment conditions is also investigated by means of 3-point bending test performed on virgin materials and samples immersed in saliva for 72 hours. The proposed approach revealed significant behavior in terms of loss in mechanical performances. These findings have significant implications for the proper selection and use of AM materials in dental applications.
On the suitability of redundant accelerometers for the implementation of smart oscillation monitoring system: Preliminary assessment
Authors: De Alteriis Giorgio , Caputo Enzo , Schiano Lo Moriello Rosario
Published: June 2023

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is an essential aspect to ensure the safety and longevity of civil infrastructure. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing SHM systems based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. MEMS-based sensors are small, low-power, and cost-effective, making them ideal for large-scale deployment in structural monitoring systems. However, the use of MEMS-based sensors in SHM systems can be challenging due to their inherent errors, such as drift, noise, and bias instability; these errors can affect the accuracy and reliability of the measured data, leading to false alarms or missed detections. Therefore, several methods have been proposed to compensate for these errors and improve the performance of MEMS-based SHM systems. For this purpose, the authors propose the combined of a redundant configuration of cost-effective MEMS accelerometers and a Kalman Filter approach to compensate MEMS inertial sensor errors and data filtering; the performance of the method is preliminarily assessed by means of a custom-controlled oscillation generator and compared with that granted by a high-cost, high-performance MEMS reference system where amplitude differences of 0.02 m/s2 have been experienced. Finally, a sensor node for real-time monitoring has been proposed that exploits LoRaWAN and NFC protocols to access the structure information to be monitored.
Analysis and optimization of surgical electromagnetic tracking systems by using magnetic field gradients
Authors: Andria Gregorio , Attivissimo Filippo , Di Nisio Attilio , Lanzolla Anna Maria Lucia , Ragolia Mattia Alessandro
Published: June 2023

Background: Electromagnetic tracking systems (EMTSs) are widely used in surgical navigation, allowing to improve the outcome of diagnosis and surgical interventions, by providing the surgeon with real-time position of surgical instruments during medical procedures.
Objective: the main goal is to improve the limited range of current commercial systems, which strongly affects the freedom of movement of the medical team. Studies are currently being conducted to optimize the magnetic field generator (FG) configuration (both geometrical arrangements and electrical properties) since it affects tracking accuracy.
Methods: In this paper, we discuss experimental data from an EMTS based on a developed 5-coils FG prototype, and we show the correlation between position tracking accuracy and the gradients of the magnetic field. Therefore, we optimize the configuration of the FG by employing two different metrics based on i) the maximization of the amplitude of the magnetic field as reported in literature, and ii) the maximization of its gradients.
Results: The two optimized configurations are compared in terms of position tracking accuracy, showing that choosing the magnetic field gradients as objective function for optimization leads to higher position tracking accuracy than maximizing the magnetic field amplitude.
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 24.06.2023 г. по 30.06.2023 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: June 2023

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19 за неделю с 24.06.2023 г. по 30.06.2023 г.
Collaborative Communication of Jakmania in Mediating Intergroup Conflict
Authors: Isnaini Muhamad , Azmi Rafif , Loho Pieter Wilson
Published: June 2023

Intergroup conflict with the manifestation of brawls are a routine occurrence in Johar Baru Sub-District. Efforts to reconcile the warring parties often fail. Alternative mediation actually comes from Jakmania which offers a new narrative to create peace through collaboration with conflicting parties. This study aims to analyze collaborative communication practices in mediating conflicts between street gangs in Johar Baru Sub-District. To answer the research objectives, this study used a qualitative approach with the case study method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with several informants concerned with peace in Johar Baru Sub-District. The results show that the actors involved in conflict mediation are diverse, including security forces, government officials, community forums, and Jakmania. The deadlock in mediation by the police, RW heads and opinion leaders opened up space for 'fringe' actors, namely Jakmania to mediate, and succeed because peace became more lasting/ maintained. The key to Jakmania's success was the use of collaboration, not contestation. Collaborative communication practices by Jakmania are implemented through the stages of persuasion, dialogue and collaborative communication at the same time. This study concludes that fringe actors such as football club supporter can be alternative mediators in resolving conflicts. This research contributes to: First, the use of collaborative communication as part of strategic communication in communication science. Second, the emergence of alternative actors and their mediation patterns in mediating and resolving similar conflicts elsewhere.
Examining Rumor Dissemination and Information Equivocality in Social Media Behavior
Authors: Wijaya Angga Pandu , Prananta Widya , Febriatmoko Bogy
Published: June 2023

This research aims to analyze the impact of rumor dissemination and information equivocality on discontinuance behavior when influencers face negative rumors. As an influencer's follower count decreases, their credibility weakens, thereby reducing the effectiveness of product representation through brand ambassadors. The study adopted a quantitative approach with a purposive sampling criteria, comprising a total sample size of 191 participants. The test results indicate that rumor dissemination does not significantly affect social media fatigue, while information equivocality does influence it. Additionally, the study demonstrates a positive association between rumor dissemination, information equivocality, and discontinuance behavior. Social media fatigue does not mediate the effect of rumor dissemination on discontinuance behavior; however, information equivocality partially mediates this relationship. The study highlights the relevance of the agenda-setting theory when influencers face negative rumors and information equivocality. In conclusion, negative rumors contribute to a decrease in followers due to rumor dissemination and information equivocality on social media.
Indigenous Religious Believers’ Experience to Manage Stigma in Indonesia
Authors: Novianti Wiwik , Setiansah Mite , Sutikna Nana , Ayu Kilau Riksaning
Published: June 2023

The state acknowledges the existence of indigenous religious believers, yet given the social stigma since considered primitive, heresy, and even atheist. The stigma given to the indigenous religious believers negatively results in personal and social relationships eventually influencing the believers’ life aspects. Thus, the stigma management communication strategies of the believers are essential when interacting with other people in their environments. This research depicts how indigenous religious believers manage the stigma of living in society. It was conducted in Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia. The 28 groups of believers were listed on Majelis Luhur Kepercayaan Terhadap Tuhan YME (MLKI) of Banyumas. The study used a phenomenological approach. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with 10 participants from some communities of believers. Seventeen years participants were selected using a snowball sampling technique. The researchers then classified them into some categories based on the predetermined themes. The research finding showed that stigma limited the believers’ interactions with non-believers. In responding to these stigmas, the believers developed different management communication strategies: accepting, denying by providing information, denying by discrediting the discreditor, avoiding, reducing offensiveness, and ignoring.
Guest Editorial: Europe and North America’s Widening Transition Trajectory
Authors: Govindji Al-Karim
Published: June 2023

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High energy prices and a greater focus on energy security will not slow the world’s long-term ambition for a low-carbon future. However, annual analysis by DNV believes unprecedented pressure is reinforcing a two-speed energy transition.

Despite the turbulence across energy markets and the crisis in Ukraine, the company’s latest Energy Transition Outlook states that the cost of solar and wind energy and rising carbon costs, hitting EUR 100 ($109) in Europe, will outweigh the present short‑term shocks to the energy system. For the first time, the forecast sees non‑fossil energy nudge slightly above 50% of the global energy mix by 2050, largely due to the growth and “greening” of electricity production.

While global intentions to abate carbon emissions and curtail global warming are aligned, lower‑income regions, where cost is the main driver of energy policy, are seeing a totally different trend.

Europe—The Leader of the Decarbonization Pack

Europe is the clear frontrunner as it looks to double down on renewables and energy efficiency to achieve net zero and strengthen its energy security to attain energy independence in the longer term.

Final energy demand will change profoundly in the next 3 decades and will decrease by 21%, influenced by energy‑efficiency gains and rapid electrification. For instance, due to the COVID‑19 pandemic and supply shock emanating from the invasion of Ukraine, gas consumption will fall dramatically in the short term to almost half the amount in 2050. Gas will meet just 10% of Europe’s energy demand in 2050 compared with 25% today (Fig. 1).

Fossil fuel use will be more confined to a few sectors representing only 28% of the primary energy mix by 2050. Oil demand will decrease from 19 exajoule (EJ) in 2020 to 8 EJ in 2050 and will mainly come from nonenergy use in the petrochemical industry (40%) and transport (37%). The strong decrease in demand will mean that total imports will decrease by 61% for oil and 64% for natural gas from 2020 to 2050.

Meanwhile, the share of renewable energy will rise from 40 to 45%. EU targets include:

- 320 GW of solar PV capacity by 2025 and almost 600 GW by 2030

- Half of electricity to come from wind by 2050. This will see onshore wind expand from 173 GW today to 1,000 GW. Offshore wind will rise fivefold from 60 GW wind by 2030 to 300 GW by mid‑century.

The REPowerEU strategy explicitly ties energy independence from Russia with increasing clean power and energy efficiency. With a host of initiatives aimed at ending the dependence on imported Russian fossil fuels by 2027, around EUR 210 billion ($229 billion) additional investment is needed over the next 4 years. The plan builds on the full implementation of the Fit for 55 proposals and suggests going further with higher renewable energy targets, including hydrogen and nuclear, and more meaningful energy efficiency efforts.
5-hydroxymethylcytosine features of portal venous blood predict metachronous liver metastases of colorectal cancer and reveal phosphodiesterase 4 as a therapeutic target
Authors: Lin Jian , Xu Nuo , Gao Zhaoya , Wu Deyan , Chen Hangyu , Zhang Zijian , Zhu Haichuan , Zhang Lei , Wang Yuchen , Lu Xuyang , Yao Xu , Liu Xuelan , Huang Yiyou , Wang Sen , Huang Dandan , Shi Jingyi , Huang Wensheng , Lei Fuming , Yang Zeruo , Chen Long , He Chuan , Luo Haibin , Gu Jin
Published: June 2023

Metachronous liver metastases (MLM) are characterized by high incidence and high mortality in clinical colorectal cancer treatment. Currently traditional clinical methods cannot effectively predict and prevent the occurrence of metachronous liver metastasis in colorectal cancer. Based on 5hmC-Seal analysis of blood and tissue samples, this study found that portal venous blood was more relevant to tumor gDNA than peripheral blood. We performed a novel epigenetic liquid biopsy strategy using the 10 5hmC epigenetic alterations, to accurately distinguish MLM patients from patients without metastases. Among these epigenetic alterations, phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4D) was highly increased in MLM patients and correlated with poor survival. Moreover, our studies demonstrated that PDE4D was a key metastasis-driven target for drug development. Interfering with the function of PDE4D significantly repressed liver metastases. Similarly, roflumilast, a PDE4 inhibitor approved for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) also inhibits liver metastases. Roflumilast treatment significantly inhibited the protein levels of HIF-1α, CCN2, p-AKT and p-ERK, thus suppressing metastases. To develop a more efficient PDE4D inhibitor and reduce the occurrence of adverse events, we also designed several new compounds based on 2-arylbenzofurans and discovered lead L11 with potent affinity for PDE4D and significant suppression of liver metastases. Interestingly, we further found that compound L11 was better tolerated in terms of emetic activity on beagle dogs than roflumilast. Summarily, our study provides a promising strategy for predicting metachronous liver metastasis and discovers roflumilast as a potential repurposed drug for inhibiting liver metastasis, which have the potential to benefit patients with CRC in the future.
It starts at home: consumer acceptance of battery storage and response to prosumer models
Authors: McCarthy Breda , Liu Hongbo
Published: June 2023

The deployment of battery storage is crucial to decarbonizing the energy sector and mitigating climate change. The study examines the antecedents of battery storage acceptance and perceptions of prosumer and leasing models. An online survey was conducted with 609 homeowners in Australia, a mature renewable energy market. A two-step econometric model was used to analyze the data. The result shows that an environmental self-identity, subjective norms, the independence motive, technical interest, load-shifting interest, and education levels are positively related to acceptance of battery storage, while worries about battery technology, costs and age are negatively associated with acceptance of battery storage. The results show a general willingness to share and trade electricity. Over a quarter of respondents are interested in acting as prosumers and leasing batteries in return for a credit on the electricity bill. The main contribution to the literature is the insights generated into consumer acceptance of battery storage. Recommendations for practitioners and policymakers are made.
A Concept of Controlling Grover Diffusion Operator: A New Approach to Solve Arbitrary Boolean-Based Problems
Authors: Al-Bayaty Ali , Perkowski Marek
Published: June 2023

A controlled diffuser is designed as a new approach for Grover’s algorithms to search for solutions for arbitrary Boolean oracles, since the conventional diffuser is not capable of searching for solutions for arbitrary Boolean and Phase oracles. This controlled diffuser relies on the states of functional (output) qubit as the reflection of Boolean decisions from a Boolean oracle, without relying on the phase kickback. This article discusses the problems that are designed as Boolean and Phase oracles using the structures of POS, SOP, ESOP, digital logic circuits, and CSP-SAT. Our work concludes that the conventional diffuser only finds the solutions for these problems when their collector gates are in the form of a Boolean AND gate (Toffoli) for Boolean oracles or a multiple-controlled Z gate for Phase oracles, while the controlled diffuser successfully finds the solutions for all Boolean oracles regardless of different Boolean gates of their collector gates, in Grover iterations of O\(\left(\sqrt{\text{N}}\right)\) times. In this article, we proposed new terms of Collector Gate, Calibration Test, and calculated Quantum Cost for this controlled diffuser.
Observational Features of Charge distribution in Earth’s Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Gao Lai , Zhou Yufei , Ji Yong , Pu Zuyin , Parks George , Russell Christopher , Zeng Gang , Ma Lan , Torbert Roy , Yang Yanyan , Burch James , Shen Chao
Published: June 2023

Understanding the motion of charged particles in the electromagnetic field in the inner magnetosphere is essential for space science and space weather. Charge accumulation can occur due to the dipole magnetic and convective electric fields in this region. However, until the recent MMS mission, there were few means to detect charge distribution in situ. We report unambiguous in situ observation of the spatial distribution of the excess charge density in the inner magnetosphere by the magnetospheric multiscale (MMS) mission. We find that a positive (negative) charge accumulates in the dusk (dawn) side inner magnetospheres, which is contrary to the long assumed overall quasi-neutrality of space plasma. These observations and results offer insight into magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling.
Distinct switching of chiral transport in the kagome metals KV3Sb5 and CsV3Sb5
Authors: Guo Chunyu , Delft Maarten van , Gutierrez-Amigo Martin , Chen Dong , Putzke Carsten , Wagner Glenn , Fischer Mark , Neupert Titus , Errea Ion , Vergniory Maia , Wiedmann Steffen , Felser Claudia , Moll Philip
Published: June 2023

The kagome metals AV3Sb5 (A=K,Rb,Cs) present an ideal sandbox to study the interrelation between multiple coexisting correlated phases such as charge order and superconductivity. So far, no consensus on the microscopic nature of these states has been reached as the proposals struggle to explain all their exotic physical properties. Among these, field-switchable electric magneto-chiral anisotropy (eMChA) in CsV3Sb5 provides intriguing evidence for a rewindable electronic chirality, yet the other family members have not been likewise investigated. Here, we present a comparative study of magneto-chiral transport between CsV3Sb5 and KV3Sb5. Despite their similar electronic structure, KV3Sb5 displays negligible eMChA, if any, and with no field switchability. This is in stark contrast to the non-saturating eMChA in CsV3Sb5 even in high fields up to 35 T. In light of their similar band structures, the stark difference in eMChA suggests its origin in the correlated states. Clearly, the V kagome nets alone are not sufficient to describe the physics and the interactions with their environment are crucial in determining the nature of their low-temperature state.
Exploring the support needs of parents of young children with Usher syndrome: A qualitative approach.
Authors: Johansen Lauren , O’Hare Fleur , Shepard Emily R , Ayton Lauren N , Pelenstoy Lemuel J , Kearns Lisa S , Galvin Karyn L
Published: June 2023

Background: Advancements in genetic testing has led to Usher syndrome now being diagnosed at a much earlier ages than in the past. This has created an enormous opportunity to provide early interventions to young children before the onset of vision loss, with the goal of giving families and children the skills and capacity to thrive throughout their lives. Despite these developments, anecdotal reports suggest there are substantial gaps in the services and supports provided to parents of children with Usher syndrome. There is yet to be an empirical investigation into what these support needs are. To address this gap, the current study investigated the support needs of parents and carers of children with Usher syndrome Type 1 when their child was aged 0 to 5 years.
Method: Purposive sampling was used, and six semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of children with Usher syndrome, Type 1. Data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.
Results: Four key support need themes were identified, regarding informal supports, formal supports, formal information, and practical supports.
Conclusions: Findings provide rich information for relevant support groups, policy makers, individual healthcare professionals, and professional governing bodies regarding the education of stakeholders and development and implementation of best-practice treatment guidelines.
Plant community diversity alters the response of ecosystem multifunctionality to multiple global change factors
Authors: Guo Xiao , Xu Zhenwei , Allen Warwick , Yu Xiaona , Hu Yi , Wang Jingfeng , Li Mingyan , Guo Weihua
Published: June 2023

Biodiversity is hypothesized to mitigate global change impacts on ecosystem multifunctionality in terrestrial ecosystems. However, potential mechanisms through which biodiversity maintains ecosystem multifunctionality under global change remain unclear. We grew 132 plant communities with two levels of plant diversity, crossed with treatments based on ten global change factors. All global change factors negatively impacted ecosystem multifunctionality, but impacts were stronger in high than low diversity plant communities. We explored potential mechanisms for this unexpected result, finding that the inhibition of selection effects (i.e., covariance between yield of low diversity plant communities and the change in yield in high diversity plant communities) contributed to sensitivity of ecosystem multifunctionality to global change. Specifically, global change factors decreased the abundance of novel functional plants (i.e., legumes) in high but not low diversity plant communities. Moreover, negative impacts of global change on ecosystem multifunctionality were also mediated by increased relative abundance of fungal plant pathogens (identified from metabarcoding of soil samples) and their negative relationship with the abundance of novel functional plants. Taken together, our experiment highlights the importance of protecting high diversity plant communities and legumes, and managing fungal pathogens, to the maintenance of ecosystem multifunctionality when facing complex global change.
From Waste to Wheat: The Impact of Recycled Manganese from Dry Cell Batteries on Water-Stressed Wheat Cultivation
Authors: valson Aparna , Varma Nimisha , Suman Naveen
Published: June 2023

Micronutrient deficiencies in soils of India have been reported as a significant hindrance to crop productivity, particularly in the semi-arid regions. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of recycled liquid manganese (2.11% Mn) obtained from dry cell batteries on the growth and yield of wheat plants. Two application methods, foliar application and seed priming, were tested with varying concentrations. Under foliar application, three concentrations were used (0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%), while under seed priming, two concentrations were used (0.05M and 0.1M) combined with different foliar applications. The pot trials showed a significant increase in the yield of wheat with foliar application of manganese. The best results were obtained with 0.75% and 0.5% foliar application, showing early booting and a higher number of plants per 10 cm2. Germination rates were higher in the 0.05M concentration, which combined with 0.75% foliar application, showed the best results. Additionally, resistance to various soil-borne diseases was observed, and the tests were conducted under water stress conditions. Our findings suggest that recycled manganese from dry cell batteries can be an effective and sustainable solution to improve crop yield in regions with micronutrient-deficient soils.
Potential impacts of sediment deposition on nutrient variation in typical decaying litters (Cyperus malaccensi) in coastal marsh of the Min River estuary, Southeast China
Authors: Sun Zhigao , Wang Jie , Chen Bingbing , Hu Xingyun
Published: June 2023

Although sediment deposition is an important process in coastal marshes, insufficient information is available about its influence on litter decomposition and nutrient cycle. In order to investigate the potential impacts of sediment deposition on nutrient (C, N, P and S) variations in typical detritus (Cyperus malaccensi) in coastal marsh of the Min River estuary, three one-off deposition treatments (no sediment deposition (0 cm yr− 1, NSD), current sediment deposition (5 cm yr− 1, CSD) and strong sediment deposition (10 cm yr− 1, SSD)) were designed and the field decomposition experiment was conducted during 2016 ~ 2017. Results indicated that sediment deposition showed significant effect on litter decomposition rate, following the order of NSD (0.00735 d− 1) > CSD (0.00508 d− 1) > SSD (0.00378 d− 1) (p < 0.05). The contents of TC in decaying litters in the CSD and SSD treatments were significantly higher than those in the NSD treatment (p < 0.05). The contents of TN and TS in detritus in the three treatments generally showed an increasing trend during 0 ~ 276 days, while those of TP showed increasing tendency after decomposing for 30 days. With increasing deposition depths, the contents of TC, TN, TP or TS in decaying litters generally increased. The differences in decomposition rates and nutrient contents among the three treatments primarily rested with the alterations of substrate quality in detritus. Stocks of C, N, P and S in decaying litters in the three deposition treatments evidenced the export from detritus to the surroundings and, with increasing deposition depths, the release of nutrient from detritus declined greatly. This paper found that strong sediment deposition reduced the nutrient return (particularly for S) from detritus, which, in turn, might alter the nutrient cycle in C. malaccensi marsh greatly.
Efficacy of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) in Stage 1 Neurotrophic Keratitis
Authors: Ghalibafan Seyyedehfatemeh , Osei Kwaku , Amescua Guillermo , Sabater Alfonso
Published: June 2023

Background/Aims:Neurotrophic keratitis (NK) is a neurodegenerative disease that can lead to corneal hypoesthesia, decreased tear production, and epitheliopathy. Based on the severity of ocular surface damage, NK is classified into 3 stages. Stage 1 NK is characterized by superficial punctate keratopathy, tear film instability, and reduced corneal sensation. The therapeutic efficacy of PRGF eye drops for NK stages 2 and 3 has been previously reported. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of autologous PRGF eye drops in improving corneal sensitivity and other ocular surface clinical signs in patients with stage 1 NK.Methods:Retrospective chart reviewResults:26 eyes of 15 stage 1 NK patients (seven males, eight females), aged 76.3 ± 12.1 years, were included in the study. The mean treatment duration was 2 ± 1.8 months. With PRGF treatment, corneal sensitivity increased from 2.8 to 4.5 cm in 53.8% (14/26) (p < 0.01), TBUT increased from 3.6 to 5.0 s in 69.2% (18/26) (p < 0.01), and Schirmer score increased from 13.7 to 16.8 mm in 80.7% (21/26) of treated eyes (p < 0.01). Similarly, an improvement in corneal staining (punctate epithelial erosions) and MMP-9 levels was seen in 80.7% (n = 21) and 65.4% (n = 17) of treated eyes, respectively. BCVA improvement was seen in 26.9% of treated eyes (n = 7).Conclusions:This study demonstrates the effective role of PRGF therapy in recovering corneal sensation and tear film function and in the healing of corneal erosions in stage 1 NK patients.
Detection of virus in colorectal cancer and the tumor immune microenvironment in EBV-associated colorectal cancer
Authors: Lv dongmei , Zuo Yan , Bibi Asma , Meng Tao , Xu Yuanhong
Published: June 2023

Background
The role played by oncogenic viruses in colorectal cancer is currently a topic of widespread interest. This study focused on the prevalence of viruses’ infection in colorectal cancer and its association with tumor immune microenvironment.
Methods
A total of 82 colorectal cancer samples were collected from January 2017 to January 2019. Tissue DNA was extracted and the infection rate of Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus (HPV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human polyomavirus 2 (JCV) in colorectal cancer were detected by the methods of PCR or nested PCR. The differences in the expression of immune microenvironment-related proteins in EBV-associated colorectal cancer (EBVaCRC) and EBV-negative colorectal cancer (EBVnCRC) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Clinical characteristics of patients with EBV-associated colorectal cancer were analyzed by by chi-square test and non-parametric test.
Results
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) demonstrated the highest prevalence (18.3%), whereas human papillomavirus (HPV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and JC virus (JCV) were not detected. The expression of immune markers CD3, CD8, CD20, CD56, CD68 and FOXP3 was significantly higher in EBVaCRC than EBVnCRC, while CTLA4 and CD163 expression was not significantly different between the two groups. Moreover, the expression levels of PD-1 and PD-L1, as assessed by IRS scores, were significantly elevated in EBVaCRC compared to EBVnCRC. There were no significant differences in gender, age, tumor size and metastasis, tumor type, and prognosis between EBVaCRC and EBVnCRC patients, except for clinical stage, which was significantly lower in the former.
Conclusion
EBV had the highest detection rate among the common oncogenic viruses of colorectal cancer tested in this study. EBVaCRC has an inflammatory immune microenvironment consisting of increased immune cell infiltration and upregulation of immune checkpoints, and is a candidate for immune checkpoint therapy.
Enhanced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Detection: CT Scan Image Analysis and Noise Reduction with Morphological Dilation
Authors: Pithani Kishan Dev , Vadhi Radhika
Published: June 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disease characterized by an accumulation of fat in the liver cells, not caused by alcohol consumption. It is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and can lead to more severe con- ditions, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. NAFLD is often associated with other metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes, and is closely related to lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity [1]. The diagnosis and management of NAFLD are complex and involve a multidisciplinary approach. Treatment options include lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and in severe cases, liver transplantation. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD highlights the urgent need for effective prevention and management strategies.
It is a growing health concern in India, given the rise in the incidence of obe- sity and diabetes. According to a study published in the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology in 2020, the prevalence of NAFLD in India is estimated to be between 9% and 32%. In accordance with the research population and diagnostic criteria employed, a different study that was published in the Indian Journal of Gastroenterology in 2019 found that the prevalence of NAFLD in India ranges from 9.6–32.3% [2]. The same study also found that the prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more severe form of NAFLD, ranged from 1.5–8.4%. These statistics highlight the need for increased awareness and preventive measures to tackle the growing burden of NAFLD in India.
Isolation and characterization of bacterial cellulose produced from soybean whey and soybean hydrolyzate
Authors: Liu Xin , Cao# Liang , Wang Shenao , Huang Li , Zhang Yu , Tian Miaoyi , Li， Xuejiao , Zhang Jinyou
Published: June 2023

Soybean whey and soybean hydrolyzate can be used for the biotechnological production of high-value products. Herein, we isolate soybean whey (SW)-and soybean hydrolyzate (SH)-derived bacterial cellulose (BC, produced by kombucha) and characterize it by a range of instrumental techniques to reveal differences in micromorphology, crystallinity, and themal behavior. Studies have shown that the amounts of wet state BC produced from HS, SW and SH was 181 g/L, 47 g/L and 83 g/L, respectively. The instrumental analysis of BC, included SEM, AFM, FT-IR, XRD and TGA. It is shown that the FT-IR spectra of BC have a similar character, but we found differences in the micromorphology,crystallinity and thermal temperature of BC. The minimum average widths of the fibers produced from SH medium was 100 ± 29 nm. The CrI values of BC produced from SH medium was 61.8%. The maximum thermal degradation rate temperature of BC produced from SW medium was 355.73°C. The combined results demonstrate that soybean industrial waste can be used as a cost-effective raw material for BC production.
Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio correlates with mild cognitive impairment and the hippocampal atrophy
Authors: Tang Huihong , Wang Yanjuan , Wang Zang , Yan Gaoliang , Qiao Yong , Xiao Qiaoru , Li Xudong , Wang Dong , Tang Chengchun
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim:
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the intermediate stage of a transitional phase from cognitive changes of normal aging to dementia. The gold standard for diagnosing MCI using cerebro-spinal fluid(CSF) and MRI is either invasive or expensive. Thus, using simple indicators is in urgent need.
Research Design:
In this research, we included 610 patients in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (http://adni.loni.usc.edu) to discuss the correlation of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with MCI and hippocampal atrophy.
Methods and Results
We used a correlation test to show that higher PLR levels significantly correlated with hippocampal volume loss and less cognitive function scale score. We used univariate linear regression to show that PLR level significantly correlated with hippocampal volume. We also used multivariate linear regression to show that PLR level, APOE gene, gender, and age could form a linear regression model to predict patients’ hippocampal volume.
Discussion and Conclusion:
Our research suggested that peripheral immune markers may replace CSF and imaging test results and may provide a measure for initial screening of the MCI and hippocampal atrophy and provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of MCI.
A paintbrush for delivery of nanoparticles and small molecules to live cells with micrometer spatial and millisecond temporal control
Authors: Sandoghdar Vahid , Holler Cornelia , Taylor Richard , Schambony Alexandra , Möckl Leonhard
Published: June 2023

Delivery of very small amounts of reagents to cells with micrometer spatial precision and millisecond time resolution is currently out of reach, but would strongly facilitate quantitative studies in cell biology. Here, we present a micropipette-based scheme for brushing a layer of small molecules and nanoparticles onto the live cell membrane from a sub-femtoliter confined volume of a perfusion flow. We characterize our system through both experiment and model and find excellent agreement. We demonstrate several applications that benefit from a controlled brush delivery, such as a direct means to quantify local and long-range membrane mobility and organization as well as dynamical probing of intercellular force signaling.
HOP1 and HAP2 are conserved components of the meiosis-related machinery required for successful mating in Leishmania
Authors: Catta-Preta Carolina , Ferreira Tiago , Ghosh Kashinath , Paun Andrea , Sacks David
Published: June 2023

Sexual recombination in Leishmania during development in the sand fly vector has been implicated based on Mendelian parental contributions observed in experimental hybrid genomes. Here, we performed functional analyses using in vitro and in vivo hybridization protocols to assess the importance of conserved meiotic-related genes in recombination and plasmogamy. We report that HOP1 and a HAP2-paralog (HAP2-2) are essential components of the Leishmania meiosis machinery and cell-to-cell fusion mechanism, respectively, since deletion of either gene in one or both parents significantly reduced or completely abrogated mating competence. This is the first report in a trypanosomatid for the involvement of a meiotic protein homolog in genetic exchange, and the first description of a distinct fusogen mediating non-canonical, bilateral function in the hybridizing cells.
Association of Oxidative Stress-related Biomarkers and Atrial Fibrillation: A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Wang Xuehan , Zhang Yujiao , Ren Manyi , Guo Jing , Li Zhan , Zheng Shaohua , Wang Ximin , Du Juanjuan , Gao Mei , Hou Yinglong
Published: June 2023

A growing number of reports have shown that oxidative stress is an important contributing factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). The identification of oxidative stress-related blood biomarkers for patients with AF has great significance for the early prevention and treatment of AF. The purpose of this study was to illuminate the relationship of several blood markers of oxidative stress with AF. This study enrolled hospitalized patients from January 2018 to December 2020 at the Department of Cardiology in a tertiary center in east China.Clinical data, with an emphasis on oxidative stress-related blood biomarkers, were collected to assess their relationship with AF. A total of 9452 patients were enrolled, including 1244 patients with AF (13.16%). Elevated total bilirubin (OR: 1.056; 95% CI: 1.046-1.065; P<0.001), uric acid (OR: 1.157; 95% CI: 1.112-1.204; P<0.001) and reduced superoxide dismutase(OR: 0.992; 95% CI: 0.987-0.997; P=0.001) were significantly associated with AF, which were also effective indicators for diagnosing AF (the area under the ROC curve model combined with uric acid, total bilirubin and superoxide dismutase was 69.1%). Furthermore, oxidative stress-related biomarkers were significantly associated with the prevalence of AF in different ages and sexes. As oxidative stress-related biomarkers, higher levels of total bilirubin and uric acid and lower levels of superoxide dismutase were independently associated with the prevalence of AF. These biomarkers may be used as potential indicators to predict AF, and multitarget antioxidant therapy may be a reasonable approach to prevent and treat AF.
Magneto-engineering towards high thermoelectric performance in topological insulator Bi88Sb12
Authors: Pan Yu , He Bin , Li Fan , Chen Dong , Burkhardt Ulrich , Felser Claudia
Published: June 2023

High thermoelectric performance is generally achieved by synergistically optimizing two or even three of the contradictorily coupled thermoelectric parameters. Here, we demonstrate magneto-engineering as a strategy to achieve simultaneous gain in enhanced Seebeck coefficient and reduced thermal conductivity. We report giant magneto-Seebeck effect and high magneto-thermoelectric figure of merit of 1.7±0.2 at 180 K and 0.7 T in single-crystalline Bi88Sb12 topological insulator, which fills the gap of high performance below 300 K and can be useful for low temperature thermoelectric applications. The large magneto-Seebeck response was attributed to the distortion of the density of states benefiting from small Fermi surfaces and the ultrahigh mobility originating from the linear Dirac bands. The application of a low magnetic field to achieve high thermoelectric performance can be extended to the rapidly emerging topological materials with similar features because it synergistically optimizes the thermoelectric parameters.
Can climate change signals be detected from the terrestrial water storage at daily timescales?
Authors: Li Yanping , Huo Fei , Xu Li , Li Zhenhua , Famiglietti James , Chandanpurkar Hrishi
Published: June 2023

Global terrestrial water storage (TWS) serves as a crucial indicator of freshwater availability on Earth, yet detecting climate change trends in TWS poses challenges due to uneven hydrological responses, limited observations, and internal climate variability. To overcome these limitations, we present a novel approach leveraging extensive observed and simulated meteorological data at daily scales to project global TWS based on its fingerprints embedded in weather patterns. By establishing the relationship between annual global mean TWS and daily surface air temperature and humidity fields in reanalyses and multi-model hydrological simulations till the end of 21st century, we successfully detect climate change signals emerging above internal variability noise. Our analysis reveals that, since 2016, climate change signals have been detected in approximately 50% of days for most years. Furthermore, the signals of climate change in global mean TWS have exhibited consistent growth over recent decades and are anticipated to surpass the influence of natural climate variability in the future under various emission scenarios. Our findings highlight the urgency of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions to not only mitigate warming risks but also to ensure future water security. This daily-scale detection of TWS provides valuable insights into the evolving impacts of climate change on global TWS dynamics, enhances our understanding of climate change impacts, and facilitates informed decision-making in multiple sectors.
Stakeholders' experiences of comprehensive geriatric assessment in an inpatient hospital setting: a qualitative systematic review and meta-ethnography
Authors: O’Shaughnessy Íde , Fitzgerald Christine , Hayes Christina , Leahy Aoife , O’Connor Margaret , Ryan Damien , Shchetkovsky Denys , Steed Fiona , Carey Leonora , Quinn Colin , Shanahan Elaine , Galvin Rose , Robinson Katie
Published: June 2023

Background
comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is considered the gold standard approach to improving a range of outcomes for older adults living with frailty admitted to hospital. To date, research has predominantly focused on quantitative syntheses of the international evidence with limited focus on qualitative synthesis of stakeholder perspectives. This review aims to resolve this research gap by identifying and synthesising qualitative studies reporting multiple stakeholders’ experiences of inpatient CGA.
Methods
a systematic search of five electronic databases was conducted. Qualitative or mixed methods studies that included qualitative findings on the experiences of CGA in an inpatient hospital setting from the perspective of healthcare professionals (HCP), older adults and those important to them were included. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (Registration: CRD42021283167) and the 10-item Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist was used to appraise the methodological quality of included studies. Results were synthesised as a meta-ethnography.
Results
eleven studies, which reported on the experiences of 153 HCPs, 91 older adults and 57 caregivers were included. The studies dated from 2011–2021 and three key themes were identified: (1) HCPs, older adults and caregivers report conflicting views on CGA as a holistic process, (2) most HCPs, but only some older adults and caregivers view CGA goal-setting and care planning as collaborative, and (3) all stakeholders value care continuity during the transition from hospital to home but often fail to achieve it.
Conclusion
While HCPs, older adults and caregivers’ values and ambitions related to CGA broadly align, their experiences often differ. The identified themes highlight organisational and relational factors, which positively and negatively influence CGA practices and processes in an inpatient hospital setting.
Novel Strategy using Transpedicular Injection of rhBMP-2 to Reduce the Proximal Junctional Kyphosis for Adult Spinal Deformity Correction Surgery
Authors: Kwon Ohsang , Choi Jun-Young , Ham Dae-Woong , Park Sang-Min , Yeom Jin S. , Kim Ho-Joong
Published: June 2023

Injecting recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) into the uppermost instrumented vertebra (UIV) during surgery to increase the bone for adult spinal deformity (ASD) is expected to be protective against the development of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and proximal junctional failure (PJF). The 25 patients from study group had received 0.5 mg rhBMP-2 mixed with 1.5 g β-tricalcium phosphate paste injection into the UIV during surgery. The control group consisted of 75 age and sex matched patients who underwent surgery immediately before the start of the study. The incidences of PJK and PJF were analyzed as primary outcomes. Spinopelvic parameters and patient-reported outcomes were analyzed as secondary outcomes. Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements were performed to confirm the effect of rhBMP-2 on bone formation at preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT). PJK and PJF was more occurred in control group than study group (p = 0.02, 0.29, respectively). The HU of the UIV significantly increased 6 months after surgery. And the increment at the UIV was also significantly greater than that at the UIV-1 6 months after surgery. Injection of rhBMP-2 with TCP into the UIV reduced PJK and PJF rates 6 months after surgery with new bone formation.