bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Role of Positive Body Image, Depression Symptoms, Disability and Age in Acceptance of Illness in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Matusik Edyta , Lewicka Barbara , Czepczor-Bernat Kamila , Maciejowska Katarzyna , Kowalcze Paulina
Published: January 2025

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, neurodegenerative disease leading to a progressive disability that can affect not only the physical but also the mental state of patients. The psychological adaptation to the illness plays an important role in the general effectiveness of treatment. The study aimed to determine modifiable and nonmodifiable correlates of acceptance of illness. Methods: A total of 139 Caucasian people with MS (pwMS) (106 females) were included. The Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS-2) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale—21 items (DASS-21), together with sociodemographic and clinical data, including the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), were used. Results: Pearson correlation analysis showed that all variables (disability status of pwMS, intensity of depression symptoms and positive body image) are significantly related to acceptance of illness. After including all the predictors in the regression analysis, all the correlations turned out to be significant (except for multiple sclerosis disability rating). Both age and the severity of depressive symptoms decrease the level of acceptance of the disease. An increase in the level of positive body image positively affects the level of acceptance of the disease. Conclusions: The acceptance of the disease is correlated with both modifiable and nonmodifiable factors. The work on modifiable factors should be taken into account to create a complex program of rehabilitation and treatment for MS patients.
Effects of a Gluten-Free Diet on Brain Bioelectrical Activity and Neurological Symptoms in Children with Celiac Disease: A Study Using EEG Assessment
Authors: Zochowska-Sobaniec Milena , Jarocka-Cyrta Elzbieta , Lotowska Joanna Maria , Sobaniec Piotr
Published: January 2025

Celiac disease (CeD), also known as gluten enteropathy, is an immune-mediated inflammatory enteropathy triggered by intolerance to gluten. It presents with a spectrum of symptoms, including both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal manifestations, as well as neurological symptoms. A review of the literature indicates that 10–22% of patients with CeD present with neurological symptoms. The objective of this study is to assess the influence of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on brain bioelectrical activity and neurological symptoms in children with CeD. Methods: The study was conducted using a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing a comprehensive array of clinical data gathered alongside laboratory test results, questionnaires, and electroencephalogram (EEG) assessments. The study population included 85 children: 18 newly diagnosed cases of CeD patients (NDC), subsequently reassessed after 6 months on a GFD as a celiac disease on diet (CDD); 27 CeD patients on a GFD for over 12 months (CDD2); and 40 healthy individuals in the comparison group (CG). Results: It was observed that over half of the NDC group exhibited neurological symptoms, particularly headaches. Following a six-month period on a GFD, there was a notable reduction in symptom severity. In comparison to the CG, the NDC patient group exhibited a higher prevalence of abnormalities in EEG recordings (p = 0.032), including focal sharp waves or slow waves. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that a GFD has a positive impact on the neurological condition of children with CeD. The clinical improvements correspond with EEG normalization, which supports the hypothesis that dietary intervention plays a role in mitigating CeD-associated neurological dysfunction.
Clinical Comparison of CAD/CAM vs. KLS L1® Mandible ReconGuide in Fibula Free Flap Mandible Reconstruction: A Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Denk Lena , Sigwart Anna-Maria , Kolk Andreas , Walch Benjamin
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The fibula free flap (FFF) is regarded as the workhorse for lower jaw reconstruction in maxillofacial surgery. Imitating the preexisting shape of the mandible by an FFF while meeting various clinical and geometric aspects can be challenging, even for an experienced surgeon. To enhance the quality and reproducibility of the reconstruction process, several tools are available, mainly based on CAD/CAM techniques and the KLS L1 Mandible ReconGuide. The objective of this study was to examine the clinical use of the KLS L1® Mandible ReconGuide compared to CAD/CAM templates. Material and Methods: In this study, we compared 25 patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction by a FFF with either the KLS L1® Mandible ReconGuide (G1, n = 17) or personalized CAD/CAM-based cutting guides (G2, n = 8). We performed a pre- and postoperative 3D image reconstruction using standard triangle language (STL) to quantify the anatomical results in terms of volume deviations, intercondylar distance, and gonial angle, as well as clinical criteria such as surgery time, function, and postoperative complications. Results: The analysis of pre- and postoperative clinical outcomes in 25 patients revealed no statistically significant differences between the groups. However, it was observed that longer surgery time was group-independent, associated with a 5.63% increase in the length of hospital stays (p = 0.0002). In terms of geometric criteria, the only significant difference referred to the postoperative length of the symphysis, which measured 34.32 mm in G2 versus 34.78 mm in G1 (p = 0.046). Conclusions: Both the KLS L1® Mandible ReconGuide and CAD/CAM templates seem equivalent, effective devices for standardized mandibular reconstruction, with their suitability depending on the specific indications and the segments involved.
The Spatial–Temporal Evolution and Coupling of Population Distribution and Social Economy in the “Mid-Spine Belt of Beautiful China”
Authors: Yang Qiang , Yang Jinxin , Chen Wenkai , Liang Yutong , Jia Shaokun , Chen Yuanyuan
Published: January 2025

Population distribution and socioeconomic development are pivotal elements for achieving national sustainable development and represent critical aspects of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and imbalance within the “Mid-Spine Belt of Beautiful China”. This study examines the spatial distribution patterns and evolutionary characteristics of the population from 1935 to 2020 and economic dynamics from 2010 to 2020 in the “Mid-Spine Belt of Beautiful China” through methods such as spatial interpolation, spatial autocorrelation, and other advanced spatial analytical techniques. Furthermore, the article explores the coordination between population and economic development within this region by employing the gravity index and inconsistency index. The findings reveal that the population distribution in the “Mid-Spine Belt of Beautiful China” lacks significant aggregation characteristics, with pronounced spatiotemporal differentiation observed along the “Hu Line”. From 2010 to 2020, socioeconomic indicators exhibited substantial disparities in spatial agglomeration, characterized by marked heterogeneity. Regarding the coordination between population and economic dynamics, this study highlights a progressive reduction in the distance between the centers of population and economic gravity, accompanied by a declining deviation trend. This indicates an improvement in balance and an increase in the degree of coupling over time.
Development of a Casting Process Database for Rapid Process Design Using Case-Based Reasoning
Authors: Zhou Chuhao , Guo Shuren , Xiang Dong , Cao Huatang , Li Beibei , Ding Yansong , Dong Xuanpu
Published: January 2025

Casting process design is crucial in manufacturing; however, traditional design workflows are time-consuming and seriously reliant on the experience and expertise of designers. To overcome these challenges, database technology has emerged as a promising solution to optimize the design process and enhance efficiency. However, conventional database storing process cases often lack adequate parametric information, limiting their ability to support intelligent and automated design. Thus, this study has developed a casting process database based on parametric case modeling, enabling the rapid design of casting processes for new parts using case-based reasoning (CBR). The database framework was designed to organize process cases into four distinct information modules, allowing for structured and separated storage. Data unit associations were established between these modules to ensure the completeness and scalability of process information. The database stores sufficient parametric information to describe key process characteristics and multidimensional elements. This includes the detailed structural parameters of parts, calculated based on the accurate analysis of their structural features. A process cost estimation model was incorporated to calculate and record direct process costs, enabling the effective comparison and ranking of various process plans for the same part. Additionally, the parametric model of the gating system is stored to support the transfer of processes between similar parts. The functionality and effectiveness of the proposed database were visually validated through a case study on the process design of an actual casting part. The results indicate that the database significantly improves efficiency and ensures the accuracy of CBR-based process design while optimizing the reuse of design knowledge and expertise. The developed database achieved a 90% reduction in design time compared to conventional methods.
Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing Processability and Mechanical Properties of Al-Cu 224 Alloys with TiB Grain Refiner Additions
Authors: Pourkhorshid Esmaeil , Rometsch Paul , Chen X.-Grant
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the impact of TiB grain refiner additions on the microstructural evolution, hot tearing susceptibility, and mechanical properties of Al-Cu 224 alloys to enhance their processing performance during the selective laser melting (SLM) process. A simple laser surface remelting method was utilized to simulate laser-based rapid solidification. The results revealed that the addition of appropriate amounts of TiB grain refiner could completely eliminate the solidification cracks during the laser surface remelting process. The introduction of TiB2 particles in the melt pools through the TiB grain refiner addition changed the grain morphology from a coarse columnar to a fine equiaxed structure, and the grain sizes were reduced from 13 to 15 μm in the base alloys to 5.5 μm and 3.2 μm in the alloys with 0.34 wt% Ti (B-3TiB) and 0.65 wt% Ti (ZV-6TiB) additions, respectively. The hardness values of the modified B-3TiB and ZV-6TiB alloys reached 117 and 130 HV after a T6 heat treatment, which surpassed the hardness of conventional AlSi10Mg alloys by at least 15–30%. This improvement was attributed to the finer grains and nanoscale θ′/θ″ precipitates. The results demonstrate that the TiB grain refiner addition can significantly improve the processability and mechanical properties of Al-Cu 224 alloys for SLM applications, offering a promising solution to the challenge of high hot tearing susceptibility in high-strength aluminum alloys.
Research on Bolt Loosening Mechanism Under Sine-on-Random Coupling Vibration Excitation
Authors: Du Jiangong , Qiu Yuanying , Li Jing
Published: January 2025

This paper primarily investigates the mechanism of bolt loosening under the Sine-on-Random (SOR) vibration excitation. Firstly, a theoretical model of bolt loosening response under the SOR synthesized excitation is established by a time–frequency conversion method, which converts the sine excitation into Power Spectrum Density (PSD) expression in the frequency domain and superimposes it with random vibration excitation to obtain the SOR synthesized excitation spectrum. Then, by means of a four-bolt fastened structure, the bolt loosening mechanisms under both the sine and random vibration excitation are deeply studied, respectively. Ultimately, based on the time–frequency conversion method of SOR synthesized excitation, the bolt loosening responses of the structure under SOR excitation with different tightening torques are analyzed. Furthermore, a three-stage criterion including the Steady Stage, Transition Stage, and Loosen Stage for bolt loosening under SOR excitation is revealed, and the relationship among the SOR synthesized vibration responses and the two forms of single vibration responses is explored based on a corrective energy superposition method by introducing the weight factors of the two single vibration responses under different tightening torques. Finally, test verifications for the four-bolt fastened structure are conducted and good consistencies with the results of the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) are shown. This study provides valuable insights into the detection and prevention of loosening in bolted connection structures under multi-source vibration environments and has important engineering reference significance.
Simulation Study on the Evolution Behaviour of Endogenous Third Bodies in the Rough Friction Interface During Braking and Their Impact
Authors: Jin Lu , Zhang Shengfang , Ru Guotao , Yin Jian , Shi Li , Li Xin , Sha Zhihua , Liu Yu
Published: January 2025

During braking, high-power wind turbine disc brake friction pairs experience thermo-mechanical interactions at the interface, which lead to both physical and chemical changes. The friction interface features asperities and embedded hard particles within the substrate. Wear debris from these asperities or dislodged hard particles accumulates at the interface, continuing to participate in the friction process—a phenomenon known as the “endogenous third body”. Throughout braking, the microscopic morphology and contact conditions of the interface evolve dynamically. The stress–strain distribution and vibration behaviour of the friction system, influenced by the endogenous third body, also vary with braking parameters. This study employs the W-M fractal theory to develop a finite element model of a rough friction interface containing hard-particle endogenous third bodies. The model is validated through experimental testing. Based on the performance test parameters of high-power wind turbine disc brakes, a simulation is conducted to analyse the contact friction process involving the endogenous third body at the rough interface between the brake disc and brake pad. The simulation reproduces the formation process of the endogenous third body and reveals its evolutionary stages, including “ploughing”, “gap-filling”, and “aggregation”. Additionally, the study examines changes in the internal stress–strain and vibration states of the friction system under varying braking speeds (5 m/s to 35 m/s) and braking loads (3 MPa to 6 MPa). The findings demonstrate how different braking parameters influence the friction system containing the endogenous third body. The results showed that when the braking speeds were 5 m/s, 15 m/s, 25 m/s, and 35 m/s, and the braking load was 6 MPa, the average amplitude of the brake pads was the smallest, at 0.017 mm, 0.021 mm, 0.025 mm, and 0.020 mm, respectively. This research provides valuable insights into the three-body contact friction mechanism at the micro-braking interface, the formation of composite material third bodies, and the role of wear-stage third bodies in affecting the friction interface.
Inline-Acquired Product Point Clouds for Non-Destructive Testing: A Case Study of a Steel Part Manufacturer
Authors: Ntoulmperis Michalis , Discepolo Silvia , Castellini Paolo , Catti Paolo , Nikolakis Nikolaos , van de Kamp Wilhelm , Alexopoulos Kosmas
Published: January 2025

Modern vision-based inspection systems are inherently limited by their two-dimensional nature, particularly when inspecting complex product geometries. These systems are often unable to capture critical depth information, leading to challenges in accurately measuring features such as holes, edges, and surfaces with irregular curvature. To address these shortcomings, this study introduces an approach that leverages computer-aided design-oriented three-dimensional point clouds, captured via a laser line triangulation sensor mounted onto a motorized linear guide. This setup facilitates precise surface scanning, extracting complex geometrical features, which are subsequently processed through an AI-based analytical component. Dimensional properties, such as radii and inter-feature distances, are computed using a combination of K-nearest neighbors and least-squares circle fitting algorithms. This approach is validated in the context of steel part manufacturing, where traditional 2D vision-based systems often struggle due to the material’s reflectivity and complex geometries. This system achieves an average accuracy of 95.78% across three different product types, demonstrating robustness and adaptability to varying geometrical configurations. An uncertainty analysis confirms that the measurement deviations remain within acceptable limits, supporting the system’s potential for improving quality control in industrial environments. Thus, the proposed approach may offer a reliable, non-destructive inline testing solution, with the potential to enhance manufacturing efficiency.
Effect of Rotation in Radial Microwave Irradiation: A Numerical Approach
Authors: Navarro María Cruz , Castaño Damián
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we study numerically the effect of rotation within a solvent in a cylindrical container subject to radial microwave irradiation. Two solvents with different dielectric and thermophysical properties are used: water and ethylene glycol. The samples are irradiated at a frequency of 2.45 GHz and a power of 80 W. The higher the rotation rate is, the faster the state becomes fully 3D. For water, the bifurcation occurs earlier in time due to its lower viscosity. For ethylene glycol, more susceptible to microwaves than water but with a higher viscosity, the flow remains axisymmetric for a long time and it becomes 3D when it has almost reached a stationary homogeneous maximum temperature all along the cell. We use a 3D temporal model coupling heat and momentum equations and the Maxwell equations based on spectral methods to perform the simulations.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Traction Alopecia in Women in North Sudan: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abdallah Sama , Hassan Ahmed A. , Alotaibi Moteb K. , Adam Ishag
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Traction alopecia is a common type of hair loss that primarily results from prolonged tension in hair follicles. This condition is often associated with certain hairstyles and hair care practices that are prevalent in various cultures, especially in Africa. There have been few studies on this issue in Africa, and none have been conducted in Sudan. Therefore, we aimed to examine the prevalence and associated factors of traction alopecia in women in north Sudan. Materials and Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in north Sudan in December 2022. Women’s sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using a questionnaire, and hair and scalp examinations were performed. A multivariate binary analysis was performed. Results: A total of 192 women participated in the study, and 48 (25.0%) had traction alopecia. The median age of the women was 42.0 years (interquartile range: 32.0–52.0 years). In a multivariate binary analysis, a family history of women with male pattern baldness or thinning (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05–8.37) and the use of hair color or chemicals (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.30–6.83) were positively associated with traction alopecia. In contrast, increasing age was inversely associated with traction alopecia (AOR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93–0.99). The women with traction alopecia showed characteristics such as hair breakage, hair loss with the root attached, scalp tenderness, and trichodynia. Conclusions: In north Sudan, one in four women is affected by traction alopecia. Increasing awareness of this condition, providing education on proper hair care methods, and conducting large-scale research are essential steps to prevent its occurrence.
Anti-Aliasing and Anti-Leakage Frequency–Wavenumber Filtering Method for Linear Noise Suppression in Irregular Coarse Seismic Data
Authors: Mu Shengqiang , Huang Liang , Ren Liying , Shu Guoxu , Li Xueliang
Published: January 2025

Linear noise, a significant type of interference in exploration seismic data, adversely affects the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and imaging resolution. As seismic exploration advances, the constraints of the acquisition environment hinder the ability to acquire seismic data in a regular and dense manner, complicating the suppression of linear noise. To address this challenge, we have developed an anti-aliasing and anti-leakage frequency–wavenumber (f-k) filtering method. This approach effectively mitigates issues of spatial aliasing and spectral leakage caused by irregular coarse data acquisition by integrating linear moveout correction and anti-leakage Fourier transform into traditional f-k filtering. The efficacy of our method was demonstrated through examples of linear noise suppression on both irregular coarse synthetic data and field seismic data.
Iridescent Iron Oxides
Authors: Rossman George R. , Ma Chi
Published: January 2025

Iridescent iron oxides known as rainbow hematite and turgite are found in a variety of localities worldwide and display a variety of beautiful interference colors. Usually, there is a thin layer of nanocrystals containing aluminum and phosphorous coats, such as with hematite, although one example of aluminum with arsenic is presented. Infrared spectra of samples with thicker layers of these nanocrystals show absorption in the phosphate region. The thin films that range from tens to hundreds of nanometers thick are believed to cause the color. High-resolution secondary electron imaging shows that the thin film consists of nanocrystals arranged in three directions (120° apart). The rod-shaped crystals have a width from 5 to 35 nm and display the same morphology on all samples, irrespective of if they contain phosphorus or arsenic. The minute crystals have failed to produce either an X-ray powder diffraction pattern, an electron back-scatter diffraction pattern in SEM, or an electron diffraction ring pattern under TEM. Raman spectra are dominated by hematite features. Infrared ATR spectra of the bulk material show mostly hematite with occasional minor amounts of goethite and phosphate.
Anti-Obesity Properties of Boesenbergia rotunda Rhizome Extract: Regulation of Inflammation, Lipid Metabolism, and Insulin Signaling in ob/ob Mice
Authors: Widyananda Muhammad Hermawan , Dwijayanti Dinia Rizqi , Fujii Airi , Minamisaka Keita , Nishidono Yuto , Nishizawa Mikio , Widodo Nashi
Published: January 2025

Obesity, which is characterized by excessive body fat accumulation and energy imbalance, is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Boesenbergia rotunda rhizomes (known as fingerroots) exhibit a variety of pharmacological activities and are used in traditional medicine. Pinostrobin was identified as a major constituent of Boesenbergia rotunda rhizome (BR) extract and suppressed nitric oxide production in interleukin 1β-treated hepatocytes. Next, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of BR extract in ob/ob mice, a type 2 diabetes mellitus model. The ob/ob mice were treated with or without 1% BR extract for 14 days and then analyzed for serum insulin and triglyceride levels, liver histology, and liver mRNA expression. The administration of BR extract significantly decreased blood glucose concentrations and increased serum insulin concentrations in ob/ob mice. In addition, this treatment reduced triglyceride levels in both the serum and liver and decreased lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Microarray analysis revealed that hepatic mRNA affected the expression of genes involved in inflammation, lipid metabolism, lipid synthesis, and insulin signaling, leading to improvements in obesity. Because BR extract has hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects on ob/ob mice, it might be a promising candidate for addressing obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Reproductive Toxicity of Zearalenone and Its Molecular Mechanisms: A Review
Authors: Lv Qiongxia , Xu Wenjing , Yang Fan , Wei Wenjuan , Chen Xiaoguang , Zhang Ziqiang , Liu Yumei
Published: January 2025

Zearalenone (ZEA) is one of the common mycotoxins in feeds. ZEA and its metabolites have estrogen-like activity and can competitively bind to estrogen receptors, causing reproductive dysfunction and damage to reproductive organs. The toxicity mechanism of ZEA mainly inhibits the antioxidant pathway and antioxidant enzyme activity, induces cell cycle arrest and DNA damage, and blocks the process of cellular autophagy to produce toxic effects. In animal husbandry practice, when animals ingest ZEA-contaminated feed, it is likely to lead to abortion in females, abnormal sperm viability in males with inflammatory reactions in various organs, and cancerous changes in the reproductive organs of humans when they ingest contaminated animal products. In this paper, we reviewed in detail how ZEA induces oxidative damage by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulating the expression of genes related to oxidative pathways, induces germ cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial and death receptor pathways, and activates the expression of genes related to autophagy in order to induce cellular autophagy. In addition, the molecular detoxification mechanism of ZEA is also explored in this paper, aiming to provide a new direction and theoretical basis for the development of new ZEA detoxification methods to better reduce the global pollution and harm caused by ZEA.
Characterization of Pure Ozonides from Ozonolysis of Oleic Acid Methyl Ester; Use of a Protocol for the Analysis of the Corresponding Stable Ozonides from Triolein and Organic Extra Virgin Olive Oil (+OIL®)
Authors: Vella Serena , DellaGreca Marina , Tuzi Angela , Cermola Flavio
Published: January 2025

As part of the research directed at establishing the composition of the main products present in Ozoile®, a study of the ozonolysis of the oleic acid methyl ester as well as triolein was undertaken. Starting from oleic acid methyl ester, all six ozonides were isolated for the first time and fully characterized. Then, we used a protocol based on ozonolysis of triolein and +OIL followed by trans-esterification of the crude reaction mixtures, which led to the same six ozonides. Furthermore, to exclude the formation of any other oxygenated compounds, both during the ozonolysis process and afterward, the reactivity towards 3O2 and 1O2 was explored. The ozonolysis of oleic acid methyl ester in a participating solvent (MeOH) was also investigated.
The Fungi–Bacteria Interaction Mechanism of Microbial Consortium During Efficient Lignin Degradation Based on Metabolomics Analysis
Authors: Zhang Wen , Wen Yilei , Wang Zhequan , Diao Chenyang , Liu Zhiwei
Published: January 2025

Microbial consortium degradation technology can improve the degradation efficiency and adaptability through fungi–bacteria synergism, but the mechanism of the fungi–bacteria interaction is still unclear, making it difficult to optimize the degradation process. The microbial consortium J-6, with high lignin degradation efficiency and strong environmental adaptability, was obtained in our previous research. In this study, the fungi–bacteria interacting mechanism of the microbial consortium J-6 was inferred based on metabolomics technology. The results showed that the positive interaction between fungi and bacteria could improve the efficiency of lignin degradation. The metabolites released by fungi, especially betanidin and ergosterol, had an impact on bacterial metabolism, promoted the degradation of macromolecules, and significantly increased the lignin degradation efficiency. Metabolites released by bacteria, especially L-phenylalanine and taurine, played a key role in fungal metabolism, leading to more complete degradation. The interaction mechanism of chemical currencies exchange between fungi and bacteria during lignin degradation obtained in this study can provide theoretical guidance for microbial consortium degradation technology.
Molecularly Imprinted Nanozymes for Selective Hydrolysis of Aromatic Carbonates Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Bui Tien Tan , Zhao Yan
Published: January 2025

Aliphatic polycarbonate (PC) can be readily hydrolyzed by lipase, but bisphenol A-derived PC (i.e., BPA-PC) lacks enzyme catalysts for their efficient hydrolysis due to the high hydrophobicity and rigidity of its polymer backbone. This study aims to develop an artificial nanozyme for the selective hydrolysis of small-molecule aromatic carbonates as model substrates for BPA-PC. The catalyst is prepared through molecular imprinting of cross-linkable micelles in a one-pot reaction using a thiourea template and a zinc-containing functional monomer. The resulting water-soluble nanoparticle resembles a hydrolytic metalloenzyme to bind the appropriately shaped aromatic carbonate substrate in the active site, with the nearby zinc acting as a cofactor to activate a water molecule for the nucleophilic attack on the carbonate. Catalytic hydrolysis is observed at room temperature and pH 7, with a rate acceleration of 1 × 106 for diphenyl carbonate.
Oscillations in Absorption from InGaN/GaN Quantum Well to Continuum
Authors: Gładysiewicz-Kudrawiec Marta , Żak Mikołaj , Trzeciakowski Witold
Published: January 2025

We analyze theoretically an InGaN/GaN n-i-p diode with a single quantum well supporting only one bound state. The bottom parts of the diode, namely the first barrier and the quantum well, are heavily n-doped with silicon at 5 × 1019 cm−3 to ensure a high electron concentration in the well. The voltage drop in the diode occurs in the second AlGaN barrier, which is undoped, and structure ends with a p-doped GaN. The band structure of the diode is calculated by a Schrodinger–Poisson drift-diffusion solver. Next, we calculate the absorption from the bound state in the well to the “continuum” above the well. We show the oscillatory behavior of the spectrum, with the amplitude decreasing with more negative voltage applied to the diode. Oscillations are due to interferences of the wavefunctions between the edges of the well and the slope of the potential barrier.
The Role of Nanoparticles in Wine Science: Innovations and Applications
Authors: Mierczynska-Vasilev Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

Viticulture, the science of growing, cultivating, and harvesting grapes, and enology, the art and science of making wine, are rapidly evolving through innovative approaches aimed at improving the quality and efficiency of grape and wine production. This review explores the emerging use of nanoparticles, in particular gold, silver, and magnetic nanoparticles, to improve the quality, safety, and sustainability of both grape growing and winemaking processes. The unique properties of these nanoparticles, such as their small size, high surface area, and distinct chemical properties, enable them to address key challenges within the industry. In viticulture, nanoparticles have shown potential in protecting vines from pathogens, optimizing grape yield, and improving quality. In enology, nanoparticles are making a significant contribution to microbial control, reducing spoilage and refining wine analysis techniques, leading to improved product quality and safety. This review also highlights the synergy between different types of nanoparticles and their diverse applications, from microbial control in wine production to their use in innovative packaging solutions. In addition, nanoparticles have the potential to reduce dependence on agrochemicals and improve the sustainability of wine production, which is a promising avenue for future research. However, the integration of nanoparticles in viticulture and enology also poses regulatory and safety challenges, including the potential for nanoparticles to leach into wine products. Further research and regulatory advances are essential to ensure the safe and effective use of these technologies in winemaking. Overall, nanoparticles offer significant benefits to the wine industry, driving improvements in efficiency, sustainability, and quality.
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and/or Electrical Stimulation in Patients with Peripheral Facial Paralysis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dominguez-Defez Nerea , Lopez-Barreiro Juan , Hernandez-Lucas Pablo , González-Castro Ana
Published: January 2025

Background: Peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) affects the facial nerve, the seventh cranial nerve. It has an incidence rate of 20–30 cases per 100,000 habitants. The diagnosis is clinical, though imaging tests may be required in some cases. The treatment protocol includes medication, physiotherapy, and, in certain cases, surgery. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques and electrical stimulation have been shown to be significant for recovery. Although PFP has a high recovery rate, up to 40% of patients may experience permanent sequelae. Objective: to assess the efficacy of treatment based on electrical stimulation and/or PNF in patients affected by PFP. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across six databases (PubMed, Medline, SportDiscus, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science) in November 2024. Randomized controlled trials were included. Results: Fourteen articles were analyzed, applying PNF and/or electrical stimulation methods, pharmacological treatment, low-level laser treatment, subcutaneous collagen injections, and physiotherapy protocols involving facial expression exercises, yielding evidence for the variables assessed. Conclusions: PNF and/or electrical stimulation treatment in patients with PFP can be effective when employed early with appropriate parameters, showing promising results in improving quality of life, facial movement quality, and CMAP and reducing both the incidence and degree of synkinesis.
Nutritional Status of Vitamin E and Its Association with Metabolic Health in Adults
Authors: Szewczyk Kacper , Bryś Joanna , Brzezińska Rita , Górnicka Magdalena
Published: January 2025

Background: Vitamin E is one of the key dietary antioxidants. However, current evidence remains insufficient to establish a definitive relationship between circulating vitamin E levels, body fat content, and their influence on metabolic health. This study aimed to assess and compare the vitamin E nutritional status in adults with normal and excess body fat and its determinants. Methods: Concentrations of vitamin E isoforms (α- and γ-tocopherols, α- and γ-tocotrienols) were assessed in 127 individuals. Body fat content and other anthropometric indices, as well as biochemical markers such as lipid profile, plasma fatty acid concentration and C-reactive protein, were identified as markers of metabolic health. Participants were divided into two groups: with normal and excess body fat (defined as more than 30% in women and more than 25% in men). Results: The determinants of higher α-tocopherol concentrations were lower body fat content and higher levels of circulating lipids as HDL and LDL (R2 = 0.221, p < 0.001 in a model of multivariate linear regression). The level of circulating vitamin E isoforms correlated with the concentration of CRP (r = −0.464 for α-T, r = −0.453 for αT3, r = −0.270 for γ-T, r = −0.355 for γ-T3). Similarly, elevated concentrations of vitamin E isoforms are linked to lower adipose tissue content, which may contribute to lower inflammation and improved metabolic health (r = −0.359 for α-T, r = −0.333 for αT3, r = −0.276 for γ-T3, no significant correlation for γ-T). Conclusions: These results reveal that the vitamin E status of adults with excess body fat may be inadequate and linked to poorer metabolic health. We found that the determinants of lower plasma vitamin E were higher BF and lower TC and its fraction, with the strongest correlations being found for HDL.
A One Health Zoonotic Vector Borne Infectious Disease Family Outbreak Investigation
Authors: Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Maggi Ricardo G. , Moore Charlotte O. , Robveille Cynthia , Greenberg Rosalie , Kingston Emily
Published: January 2025

This study reinforces the value of a One Health approach to infectious disease outbreak investigations. After the onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms in their son, our investigation focused on a family composed of a mother, father, two daughters, the son, two dogs, and a rabbit, all with exposures to vectors (fleas and ticks), rescued dogs, and other animals. Between 2020 and 2022, all family members experienced illnesses that included neurological symptoms. Prolonged menorrhagia (130d) in the youngest daughter ultimately resolved following antibiotic administration. One dog was diagnosed with a splenic hematoma and months later spinal histiocytic sarcoma. The father, both daughters, and one dog were seroreactive to multiple Bartonella spp. antigens, whereas the mother and son were not seroreactive. Bartonella quintana DNA was amplified from specimens obtained from all family members. Based upon DNA sequencing, infection with B. quintana was confirmed for the mother and both pet dogs. Bartonella henselae DNA was amplified and sequenced from the youngest daughter, the son, and one dog (co-infected with B. quintana), and from Ctenocephalides felis collected from their pet rabbit. All five family members and one dog were infected with Babesia divergens-like MO-1. Both parents were co-infected with Babesia microti. Droplet digital PCR supported potential infection with a Borrelia species in three family members. This study provided additional case-based evidence supporting the role of stealth Babesia, Bartonella, and Borrelia pathogens as a cause or cofactor in neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms. We conclude that a One Health investigation approach, particularly for stealth vector borne pathogens such as Babesia, Bartonella, and Borrelia spp., will enhance clinical and epidemiological understanding of these organisms for animal and human health. During outbreak investigations it is critical to document travel and vector exposure histories, symptoms, and pathology in pets and human patients, contact with rescued, wild, or feral animals and perform diagnostic testing that includes family members, pets, and vectors.
Cariogenic Microbiota and Emerging Antibacterial Materials to Combat Dental Caries: A Literature Review
Authors: Cao Jingwei , Ma Qizhao , Shi Jia , Wang Xinyue , Ye Dingwei , Liang Jingou , Zou Jing
Published: January 2025

Dental caries is the most common oral disease in the world and a chronic infectious disease. The cariogenic microbiome plays an important role in the process of caries. The ecological imbalance of microbiota leads to low pH, which causes caries. Therefore, antibacterial materials have always been a hot topic. Traditional antibacterial materials such as cationic antibacterial agents, metal ion antibacterial agents, and some natural extract antibacterial agents have good antibacterial effects. However, they can cause bacterial resistance and have poor biological safety when used for long-term purposes. Intelligent antibacterial materials, such as pH-responsive materials, nanozymes, photoresponsive materials, piezoelectric materials, and living materials are emerging antibacterial nano-strategies that can respond to the caries microenvironment or other specific stimuli to exert antibacterial effects. Compared with traditional antibacterial materials, these materials are less prone to bacterial resistanceand have good biological safety. This review summarizes the characteristics of cariogenic microbiota and some traditional or emerging antibacterial materials. These emerging antibacterial materials can accurately act on the caries microenvironment, showing intelligent antibacterial effects and providing new ideas for caries management.
Genetic Variation Analysis and Development of KASP Marker for Leaf Area and Hight in Southern-Type Populus deltoides
Authors: Liu Chunxiao , Yan Jiawei , Zhang Zhongxu , Pei Lu , Li Caihua , Zhang Xiaoman , Shi Shengqing
Published: January 2025

Populus deltoides holds significant ecological and economic importance and is a crucial gene donor for the world’s staple poplar varieties. To select and breed P. deltoides with improved agronomic traits, nine growth and leaf traits were examined in 375 different genotypes, assessing their genetic diversity and performing correlation and comprehensive ranking analyses. Phenotyping results were then utilized to screen a total of 2,009,263 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) loci significantly associated with the nine phenotypic traits. A total of 45 SNP loci exhibited significant associations with growth traits based on a general linear model (GLM) analysis. By analyzing the Linkage disequilibrium (LD) block of five SNP loci with significant leaf area and height, we identified five candidate genes related to leaf area and height. Three of the five SNP loci were successfully validated using KASP (kompetitive allele-specific PCR) assays. One loci Chr08_16007979 was closely linked with leaf area, and two loci Chr05_12148738, and Chr05_17106547 were closely linked with height. The developed functional KASP markers offer valuable insights for subsequent further marker-assisted breeding and genetic improvement studies in southern-type poplars.
Description of Ficus carica L. Italian Cultivars—I: Machine Learning Based Analysis of Leaf Morphological Traits
Authors: Giordano Cristiana , Arcidiaco Lorenzo , Rodolfi Margherita , Ganino Tommaso , Beghè Deborah , Petruccelli Raffaella
Published: January 2025

Common fig, or simply fig (Ficus carica L.), is one of the most ancient species originated and domesticated in the Mediterranean basin. The Italian fig germplasm consists of a large number of cultivars, more than 300. This number is approximate; there are many genotypes that are still poorly known and studied that may possess interesting agronomic traits, especially in terms of response to climate change. Therefore, it is extremely important to study and preserve agrobiodiversity, but more importantly to identify simple and rapid characterization methods to catalog “hidden” cultivated plants. In this study, geometric leaf morphometry was used to explore differences among fifteen Tuscan fig cultivars. In addition, the effectiveness of a machine learning (ML) algorithm to characterize cultivars was evaluated. The study analyzed two classes of cultivars, one of plants with predominantly three-lobed leaf shape, and one five-lobed. Thirty-three descriptors for the five-lobed and twenty-three for the three-lobed. Anova analysis showed statistically significant differences for all characters analyzed and allowed an initial characterization of the material. Then, Random Forest algorithm analysis was used to reduce the number of parameters to those most significant for classification. The results showed that machine learning-based techniques are a valid system for analyzing leaves of F. carica cultivars and interpreting significant differences in leaf parameters. Classification based on the Random Forest model allowed us to filter out the main descriptors that best differentiate cultivars from each other.
Eco-Friendly Biosorbents from Biopolymers and Food Waste for Efficient Dye Removal from Wastewater
Authors: Blaga Alexandra Cristina , Cimpoesu Ramona , Tataru-Farmus Ramona-Elena , Suteu Daniela
Published: January 2025

Chitosan-based biosorbents are particularly valuable in environmental applications, such as wastewater treatment for contaminant removal. However, several challenges remain in optimizing their production and performance related to improving adsorption efficiency, stability, scalability, cost, and sustainable sourcing for large-scale applications. The removal of Methylene Blue (MB) and Orange 16 (O16) from aqueous solutions was studied using a biosorbent derived from the waste biomass of the brewing industry, specifically Saccharomyces pastorianus immobilized into chitosan. The biosorbent (obtained by a straightforward entrapment technique) was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) to evaluate its structural properties. The biosorption behavior toward organic contaminants, specifically a cationic and an anionic dye, was investigated. Key operational factors that influenced the biosorbent’s efficiency were examined, including the initial dye concentration, dye type, pH of the aqueous solution, and the amount of biosorbent used. These factors were evaluated during the initial stage of the biosorption studies to assess their impact on the overall performance and effectiveness of the biosorbent in removing the dyes from aqueous solutions. Using this eco-friendly biosorbent, the biosorption capacities obtained using the Langmuir isotherm model were 212.77 mg/g in the case of MB dye and 285.71 mg/g in the case of O16 mg/g, and the results confirmed that the biosorption process is based on a physical mechanism as suggested by the energy values of the process, E, obtained using the DR model: the obtained values of 6.09 kJ/mol (MB dye) and 7.07 kJ/mol (O16 dye) suggest a process based on electrostatic interaction bonds. These results indicate that residual biomass of Saccharomyces pastorianus, as a byproduct of a biotechnological process, can be exploited as a biosorbent by immobilization in an organic matrix (chitosan) for the retention of polluting organic species from the aqueous environment present in aqueous solutions in moderate concentrations.
Stability and Controlled Polymerization of Trithiocarbonate Chain Transfer Agents Under Harsh Conditions
Authors: Vu Thi Ngan , Nishimura Tomoya , Osaki Yu , Otani Toyohiro , Yusa Shin-ichi
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the stability and application of trithiocarbonate-based chain transfer agents (CTAs) in reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization under harsh conditions. We evaluated the stability of 4-cyano-4-(2-carboxyethylthiothioxomethylthio) pentanoic acid (Rtt-17) and 4-cyano-4-(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl) sulfanylpentanoic acid (Rtt-05) at 60 °C under basic conditions using 1H NMR and UV–vis absorption spectra, showing that Rtt-05 is more stable than Rtt-17. The greater stability of Rtt-05 is attributed to the hydrophobic dodecyl group, which allows it to form micelles in water, thereby protecting the trithiocarbonate group from the surrounding aqueous phase. In contrast, hydrophilic Rtt-17, without long alkyl chains, cannot form micelles in water. Following the stability assessment, Rtt-17 and Rtt-05 were employed for RAFT polymerization of hydrophilic monomers, such as N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC). DMA can dissolve in both water and organic solvents, and MPC can dissolve in water and polar solvents. Both CTAs successfully controlled the polymerization of DMA, producing polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn) less than 1.2. Also, Rtt-17 demonstrated effective control of MPC polymerization, yielding Mw/Mn values of around 1.2. However, during the polymerization of MPC, Rtt-05 failed to maintain control, resulting in a broad Mw/Mn (≥1.9). The inability of Rtt-05 to control MPC polymerization is due to the formation of micelles, which disrupts the interaction between the hydrophilic MPC propagating radicals and the trithiocarbonate group in the hydrophobic core of Rtt-05 micelles. The findings provide critical insights into designing CTAs for specific applications, particularly for biomedical and industrial uses of hydrophilic polymers, highlighting the potential for precise molecular weight control and tailored polymer properties.
Correction: Głowacki et al. Change in the Low-Cycle Performance on the 3D-Printed Materials ABS, ASA, HIPS, and PLA Exposed to Mineral Oil. Polymers 2024, 16, 1120
Authors: Głowacki Marcin , Mazurkiewicz Adam , Skórczewska Katarzyna , Valle José Miguel Martínez , Smyk Emil
Published: January 2025

The authors wish to make a change to their published paper [...]