bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lower rates of return to sport in patients with generalised joint hypermobility two years after ACL reconstruction: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lindskog Jakob , Piussi Ramana , Simonson Rebecca , Högberg Johan , Samuelsson Kristian , Thomeé Roland , Sundemo David , Hamrin Senorski Eric
Published: August 2023

Background

Generalised joint hypermobility (GJH) has been associated with an increased risk of suffering an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Patients with GJH exhibit lower muscle strength and poorer scores for patient-reported outcomes after ACL reconstruction, compared with patients without GJH. The aim of this study was to examine differences in the percentages of patients who return to sport (RTS) or pre-injury level of activity (RTP), muscle function and patient-reported outcomes at the time of RTS or RTP, as well as the time of RTS or RTP in patients with GJH compared with patients without GJH in the first two years after ACL reconstruction.

Methods

This prospective study used data from an ACL- and rehabilitation-specific register located in Gothenburg, Sweden. Patients aged between 16 and 50, who had a primary ACL injury treated with reconstruction, were included. Data up to two years after ACL reconstruction were used and consisted of achieving RTS and RTP, results from isokinetic muscle function tests for knee extension and flexion and patient-reported outcomes (Knee Self-Efficacy Scale, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and ACL-Return to Sport after Injury scale) at the time of RTS, as well as the time of RTP. A Beighton Score of ≥ 5/9 was used to define GJH. A Tegner Activity Scale of ≥ 6 was used to define RTS, while a Tegner equal to or above pre-injury level was used to define RTP.

Results

A total of 1,198 patients (54.7% women) with a mean age of 28.5 ± 8.6 years were included. A smaller proportion of patients with GJH achieved RTS compared with patients without GJH (49.2% vs. 57.3%, Odds ratio: 0.720, p = 0.041). Furthermore, patients with GJH were marginally less symmetrical on the knee extension strength test, expressed as a Limb Symmetry Index, at the time of RTP compared with patients without GJH (87.3 ± 13.5 vs. 91.7 ± 14.3, Cohen’s d = 0.142, p = 0.022). No further differences were found between groups regarding any muscle function tests or patient-reported outcomes.

Conclusion

A smaller proportion of patients with GJH achieved RTS compared with patients without GJH. Patients with GJH displayed less symmetrical knee extension strength at the time of RTP compared with patients without GJH.
Dual host-pathogen small RNA sequencing during wheat stem rust infection
Authors: Mueth Nicholas A. , Hulbert Scot H.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

RNA sequencing of two organisms in a symbiotic interaction can yield insights that are not found in samples from each organism alone. We present a sequencing dataset focusing on the small RNA fraction from wheat plants (Triticum aestivum) infected with the biotrophic pathogen wheat stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici). Simultaneous small RNA sequencing of this agronomically important crop and its adversary can lead to a better understanding of the role of noncoding RNAs in both plant and fungal biology.

Data description

Small RNA libraries were constructed from infected and mock-infected plant tissue and sequenced on the Ion Torrent platform. Quality control was performed to ensure sample and data integrity. Using this dataset, researchers can employ previously established methods to map subsets of reads exclusively to each organism’s genome. Subsequent analyses can be undertaken to discover microRNAs, predict small RNA targets, and generate hypotheses for further laboratory experiments.
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in an 8-year-old boy: a case report
Authors: Aldagher Ayah , Almasri Rodaina , Mahmoud Jaber
Published: August 2023

Background

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS), also known as Wilkie's syndrome, is a rare disease that mainly presents as intestinal obstruction with a variable incidence ranging from 0.013 to 0.3% (Salehzadeh et al. in Case Rep Gastrointest Med, 2019, 10.1155/2019/3458601). In this syndrome, the third part of the duodenum, located between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, is wholly or partially obstructed (Mosalli et al. in J Pediatr Surg 46:e29–31, 2011).

Case presentation

An 8-years-old Arabian male patient was admitted to the gastrointestinal department at the pediatric hospital in Damascus, Syria, with complaints of chronic abdominal pain and periodic vomiting since he was two years old. At the age of Seven, he was diagnosed with appendicitis, and after two months of persistent symptoms, he was diagnosed with an umbilical hernia. Finally, after a long time of suffering, he was diagnosed with SMAS and underwent a successful surgical operation. After 3 months of follow-up, he was in good health with no symptoms.

Conclusion

Whenever a patient complains of vomiting and chronic abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction is suspected, Common differential diagnoses were excluded and the cause is anonymous, we should consider superior mesenteric artery syndrome.
Penetrating carotid artery injury by air rifle: a case report
Authors: Hassan Summer , Tchijov Sergei
Published: August 2023

Background

Air rifle injuries can cause significant vascular injuries. This air rifle injury has resulted in a penetrating neck trauma traversing the common carotid artery. There is debate around the need for radiological investigation, the most appropriate investigational modality, and the need for surgical exploration versus a conservative approach. This case report aims to exemplify a successful approach to managing Penetrating Carotid Injuries (PCI) while shedding light on the rationale behind the management decisions.

Presentation

An 18-year-old Caucasian man arrived at the hospital following an air rifle injury to the right side of the neck, with active bleeding and a moderate haematoma displacing the trachea. He was haemodynamically stable, with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 15 and no evidence of bruit. Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) showed Right common carotid (CCA) artery injury with associated post-traumatic pseudoaneurysm. The pellet trajectory traverses the right superior thyroid gland. A duplex ultrasound scan (USS) confirmed two areas of arterial blush at the right CCA. Management involved neck exploration under General Anaesthesia (G.A.), repair of right CCA, bullet extraction, and wound washout. He received antibiotics for ten days and a single agent of antiplatelets for three months and was discharged two days postoperatively with no complications. He was followed up for eight months with no evidence of any trauma sequelae.

Conclusion

Penetrating carotid artery injuries are a serious concern. The small-sized pellets carry the risk of embolization. Therefore, neck exploration remains the gold standard treatment for PCI. Appropriate operative planning is crucial and can be optimised using radiological diagnostic modalities in haemodynamically stable patients. CTA is a non-invasive, swift, and adequate alternative to arteriography, providing valuable diagnostic information on vascular and aerodigestive injuries and bullet trajectory. This enables appropriate preparedness to achieve excellent outcomes in such critical cases.
The assessment of left ventricular volume and function in gated small animal 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging: a comparative study of three commercially available software tools
Authors: Zacherl Mathias J. , Simenhandra Agus , Lindner Magdalena , Bartenstein Peter , Todica Andrei , Boening Guido , Fischer Maximilian
Published: August 2023

Background

Several software tools have been developed for gated PET imaging that use distinct algorithms to analyze tracer uptake, myocardial perfusion, and left ventricle volumes and function. Studies suggest that different software tools cannot be used interchangeably in humans. In this study, we sought to compare the left ventricular parameters in gated 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in mice by three commercially available software tools: PMOD, MIM, and QGS.

Methods and results

Healthy mice underwent ECG-gated 18F-FDG imaging using a small-animal nanoPET/CT (Mediso) under isoflurane narcosis. Reconstructed gates PET images were subsequently analyzed in three different software tools, and cardiac volume and function (end-diastolic (EDV), end-systolic volumes (ESV), stroke volume (SV), and ejection fraction (EF)) were evaluated. While cardiac volumes correlated well between PMOD, MIM, and QGS, the left ventricular parameters and cardiac function differed in agreement using Bland–Altman analysis. EDV in PMOD vs. QGS: r = 0.85; p < 0.001, MIM vs. QGS: r = 0.92; p < 0.001, and MIM vs. PMOD: r = 0.88; p < 0.001, showed good correlations. Correlation was also found in ESV: PMOD vs. QGS: r = 0.48; p = 0.07, MIM vs QGS: r = 0.79; p < 0.001, and MIM vs. PMOD: r = 0.69; p < 0.01. SV showed good correlations in: PMOD vs. QGS: r = 0.73; p < 0.01, MIM vs. QGS: r = 0.86; p < 0.001, and MIM vs. PMOD: r = 0.92; p < 0.001. However, EF among correlated poorly: PMOD vs. QGS: r = −0.31; p = 0.26, MIM vs. QGS: r = 0.48; p = 0.07, and MIM vs. PMOD: r = 0.23; p = 0.41. Inter-class and intra-class correlation coefficient were > 0.9 underlining repeatability in using PMOD, MIM, and QGS for cardiac volume and function assessment.

Conclusions

All three commercially available software tools are feasible in small animal cardiac volume assessment in gated 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. However, due to software-related differences in agreement analysis for cardiac volumes and function, PMOD, MIM, and QGS cannot be used interchangeably in murine research.
Recipient-independent, high-accuracy FMT-response prediction and optimization in mice and humans
Authors: Shtossel Oshrit , Turjeman Sondra , Riumin Alona , Goldberg Michael R. , Elizur Arnon , Bekor Yarin , Mor Hadar , Koren Omry , Louzoun Yoram
Published: August 2023

Background

Some microbiota compositions are associated with negative outcomes, including among others, obesity, allergies, and the failure to respond to treatment. Microbiota manipulation or supplementation can restore a community associated with a healthy condition. Such interventions are typically probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). FMT donor selection is currently based on donor phenotype, rather than the anticipated microbiota composition in the recipient and associated health benefits. However, the donor and post-transplant recipient conditions differ drastically. We here propose an algorithm to identify ideal donors and predict the expected outcome of FMT based on donor microbiome alone. We also demonstrate how to optimize FMT for different required outcomes.

Results

We show, using multiple microbiome properties, that donor and post-transplant recipient microbiota differ widely and propose a tool to predict the recipient post-transplant condition (engraftment success and clinical outcome), using only the donors’ microbiome and, when available, demographics for transplantations from humans to either mice or other humans (with or without antibiotic pre-treatment). We validated the predictor using a de novo FMT experiment highlighting the possibility of choosing transplants that optimize an array of required goals.

We then extend the method to characterize a best-planned transplant (bacterial cocktail) by combining the predictor and a generative genetic algorithm (GA). We further show that a limited number of taxa is enough for an FMT to produce a desired microbiome or phenotype.

Conclusions

Off-the-shelf FMT requires recipient-independent optimized FMT selection. Such a transplant can be from an optimal donor or from a cultured set of microbes. We have here shown the feasibility of both types of manipulations in mouse and human recipients.
Covid-19-induced cavernous sinus thrombosis in a myelodysplastic syndrome patient: case report
Authors: Orhan Varoglu Asuman , Aksoy Asude , Akbas Emre , Atalay Basak
Published: August 2023

Background

Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a very rare disease and can occur as a result of pharyngitis, a face infection, sinusitis, orbital cellulitis, otitis, traumatic injury, or surgery, particularly if the patient has a thrombophilic disease. So far, no myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cases with CST have been recorded. We describe a case of CST induced by Covid-19 in a patient with MDS.

Case presentation

A 71-year-old woman with MDS was admitted to the hospital due to headache, weakness, diplopia, and drooping of the left eyelid. Pancytopenia was found. Left cavernous sinus thrombosis and encephalitis were also confirmed by Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A thorax Computed Tomography (CT) revealed bilateral patchy ground-glass opacities consistent with Covid-19. The patient was treated with low molecular weight heparin and discharged with partial recovery.

Conclusions

It's important to remember that CST can occur in people with Covid-19 infection, even if they have severe thrombocytopenia like MDS.
A new inter-system double-difference RTK model applicable to both overlapping and non-overlapping signal frequencies
Authors: Zhao Wenhao , Liu Genyou , Gao Ming , Zhang Bo , Hu Shengjun , Lyu Minghui
Published: August 2023

Aiming at the problem that the traditional inter-system double-difference model is not suitable for non-overlapping signal frequencies, we propose a new inter-system double-difference model with single difference ambiguity estimation, which can be applied for both overlapping and non-overlapping signal frequencies. The single difference ambiguities of all satellites and Differential Inter-System Biases (DISB) are first estimated, and the intra-system double difference ambiguities, which have integer characteristics, are then fixed. After the ambiguities are successfully fixed, high-precision coordinates and DISB can be obtained with a constructed transformation matrix. The model effectively avoids the DISB parameter filtering discontinuity caused by the reference satellite transformation and the low precision of the reference satellite single difference ambiguity calculated with the code. A zero-baseline using multiple types of receivers is selected to verify the stability of the estimated DISB. Three baselines with different lengths are selected to assess the positioning performance of the model. The ionospheric-fixed and ionospheric-float models are used for short and medium-long baselines, respectively. The results show that the Differential Inter-System Code Biases (DISCB) and Differential Inter-System Phase Biases (DISPB) have good stability regardless of the receivers type and the signal frequency used and can be calibrated to enhance the strength of the positioning model. The positioning results with three baselines of different lengths show that the proposed inter-system double-difference model can improve the positioning accuracy by 6–22% compared with the intra-system double-difference model which selects the reference satellite independently for each system. The Time to First Fix (TTFF) of the two medium-long baselines is reduced by 30% and 29%, respectively.
Characterizing faculty motivation to implement three-dimensional learning
Authors: Nelson Paul C. , Matz Rebecca L. , Bain Kinsey , Fata-Hartley Cori L. , Cooper Melanie M.
Published: August 2023

The National Research Council’s Framework for K-12 Science Education and the subsequent Next Generation Science Standards have provided a widespread common language for science education reform over the last decade. These efforts have naturally been targeted at the K-12 levels, but we have argued that the three dimensions outlined in these documents—scientific practices, disciplinary core ideas, and crosscutting concepts (together termed three-dimensional learning)—are also a productive route for reform in college-level science courses. However, how and why college-level faculty might be motivated to incorporate three-dimensional learning into their courses is not well understood. Here, we report a mixed-methods study of participants in an interdisciplinary professional development program designed to support faculty in developing assessments and instruction aligned with three-dimensional learning. One cohort of faculty (N = 8) was interviewed, and four cohorts of faculty (N = 33) were surveyed. Using expectancy-value theory as an organizational framework, we identified themes of perceived values and costs that participants discussed in implementing three-dimensional learning. Based on a cluster analysis of all survey participants’ motivational profiles, we propose that these themes apply to the broader population of participants in this program. We recommend specific interventions to improve faculty motivation for implementing three-dimensional learning: emphasizing the utility value of three-dimensional learning in effecting positive learning gains for students; drawing connections between the dimensions of three-dimensional learning and faculty’s disciplinary identities; highlighting scientific practices as a key leverage point for faculty ability beliefs; minimizing cognitive dissonance for faculty in understanding the similarities and differences between the three dimensions; focusing on assessment writing as a keystone professional development activity; and aligning local evaluation practices and promotion policies with the 3DL framework.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy prevalence and associated factors in patients presenting with a clinical picture of acute myocardial infarction in Palestine
Authors: Mtour Sameer , Abu-Hilal Lila H. , Barghouthi Duha I. , Njoum Yumna , Jabbarin Farah , Adwan Bilal , Abu Asbeh Ibrahim , Mtour Ali , Alsallamin Isaac
Published: August 2023

Background

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is a transient cardiac syndrome that manifests with symptoms resembling acute myocardial infarction (MI). It is characterized by temporary wall-motion abnormalities predominantly affecting the apical and mid-portions of the left ventricle, despite the absence of significant obstructive coronary disease. TC poses diagnostic challenges due to its resemblance to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of TC and identify the factors associated with its occurrence in patients presenting with acute MI in Palestine.

Results

A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of patients diagnosed with TC at Al-Makassed hospital. Women accounted for 90.7% of TC cases (95% CI 88.2–93.2%). The mean age of affected individuals ranged from 62 to 76 years. The most common presenting symptoms were chest pain (83.4%, 95% CI 80.0–86.7%) and dyspnea (20.4%, 95% CI 16.3–24.5%), often following an emotionally or physically stressful event. Electrocardiography (ECG) on admission indicated ST-segment elevations in 71.1% of cases (95% CI 67.2–75.1%), accompanied by mild elevations of Troponins in 85.0% of cases (95% CI 80.8–89.1%). Despite the initial severity, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improved from 20–49.9 to 59–76% within a mean time of 7–37 days. The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.7% (95% CI 0.5–2.8%), with complete recovery observed in 95.9% of cases (95% CI 93.8–98.1%) and rare recurrence. The underlying etiology is believed to involve exaggerated sympathetic stimulation.

Conclusions

TC should be considered as a significant differential diagnosis in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cases, particularly among postmenopausal women with a preceding stressful event. Our study provides insights into the prevalence and characteristics of TC in the Palestinian population. While stress has been recognized as a potential trigger for TC, further research is needed to explore if there are specific associations between occupation and other unique stressors in the Palestinian context and the prevalence of TC. The study’s results can raise awareness among healthcare professionals in Palestine about the prevalence and characteristics of TC in their patient population.
Excessive fear of clusters of holes, its interaction with stressful life events and the association with anxiety and depressive symptoms: large epidemiological study of young people in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Stephanie M. Y. , Tang Eric Y. H. , Hui Christy L. M. , Suen Y. N. , Chan Sherry K. W. , Lee Edwin H. M. , Chan K. T. , Wong Michael T. H. , Wilkins Arnold J. , Chen Eric Y. H.
Published: August 2023

Background

Excessive and persistent fear of clusters of holes, also known as trypophobia, has been suggested to reflect cortical hyperexcitability and may be associated with mental health risks. No study, however, has yet examined these associations in representative epidemiological samples.

Aims

To examine the prevalence of trypophobia in a population-representative youth sample, its association with mental health and functioning, and its interaction with external stress.

Method

A total of 2065 young people were consecutively recruited from a household-based epidemiological youth mental health study in Hong Kong. Trypophobia, symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress, and exposure to personal stressors were assessed. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationships between trypophobia and mental health. Potential additive and interaction effects of trypophobia and high stress exposure on mental health were also tested.

Results

The prevalence of trypophobia was 17.6%. Trypophobia was significantly associated with severe symptoms of anxiety (odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.32–2.53), depression (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.24–2.56) and stress (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.11–2.53), even when accounting for sociodemographic factors, personal and family psychiatric history, resilience and stress exposure. Dose–response relationships were observed, and trypophobia significantly potentiated the effects of stress exposure on symptom outcomes, particularly for depressive symptoms. Those with trypophobia also showed significantly poorer functioning across domains and poorer health-related quality of life.

Conclusions

Screening for trypophobia in young people may facilitate early risk detection and intervention, particularly among those with recent stress exposure. Nevertheless, the generally small effect sizes suggest that other factors have more prominent roles in determining recent mental health outcomes in population-based samples; these should be explored in future work.
Dose-tapering trajectories in patients with remitted psychosis undergoing guided antipsychotic reduction to reach minimum effective dose
Authors: Liu Chen-Chung , Hsieh Ming H. , Chien Yi-Ling , Liu Chih-Min , Lin Yi-Ting , Hwang Tzung-Jeng , Hwu Hai-Gwo
Published: August 2023

Background

Patients with remitted psychosis wish to reduce antipsychotic doses yet facing increased risks of relapse. Examining dose-tapering processes may provide insights to re-evaluate the risk-to-benefit balance. We aimed to depict and subgroup tapering trajectories, and explore factors associated with different dose-reduction patterns.

Methods

A 2-year open-label randomized prospective comparative trial from August 2017 to September 2022 in Taiwan. Patients with a history of schizophrenia-related psychotic disorders under stable medications and symptoms were eligible, randomizing a proportion to conduct guided dose reduction. We depicted the trajectories of individual patients and named subgroups based on dose-tapering patterns. Predictors of baseline characteristics for designated subgroups were examined by logistic regression analysis; changes in outcomes were compared by paired t-test.

Results

Fifty-one patients undergoing guided dose reduction, 18 (35.3%) reduced 4 steps consecutively (sequential reducers, SR), 14 (27.5%) reduced 1 to 3 steps (modest reducers, MR), 3 (5.9%) re-escalated to previous level (alert reducers, AR), 7 (13.7%) returned to baseline level (baseline returners, BR), 6 (11.7%) relapsed (failed reducers, FR) and 3 (5.9%) withdrew without relapse (early exits, EE). Patients with a history of relapse assumed a conservative dose-tapering pace; only the SR subgroup exhibited significant improvements in functioning and quality of life while failing to identify variables for predicting who would become SR or FR.

Conclusions

Guided dose reduction comprises dynamic processes with differences between individual trajectories. The proposed naming of dose-tapering patterns/subgroups provides a framework depicting patients undergoing dose-tapering. Longer-term observation and more flexible tapering approaches are anticipated to reveal favorable outcomes.
Physical health disparities and severe mental illness: A longitudinal comparative cohort study using hospital data in Northern Ireland
Authors: McCarter Rachel , Rosato Michael , Thampi Annette , Barr Ruth , Leavey Gerard
Published: August 2023

Background

People with severe mental illness (SMI) die prematurely, mostly due to preventable causes.

Objective

To examine multimorbidity and mortality in people living with SMI using linked administrative datasets.

Method

Analysis of linked electronically captured routine hospital administrative data from Northern Ireland (2010–2021). We derived sex-specific age-standardised rates for seven chronic life-limiting physical conditions (chronic kidney disease, malignant neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke) and used logistic regression to examine the relationship between SMI, socio-demographic indicators, and comorbid conditions; survival models quantified the relationship between all-cause mortality and SMI.

Results

Analysis was based on 929,412 hospital patients aged 20 years and above, of whom 10,965 (1.3%) recorded a diagnosis of SMI. Higher likelihoods of an SMI diagnosis were associated with living in socially deprived circumstances, urbanicity. SMI patients were more likely to have more comorbid physical conditions than non-SMI patients, and younger at referral to hospital for each condition, than non-SMI patients. Finally, in fully adjusted models, SMI patients had a twofold excess all-cause mortality.

Conclusion

Multiple morbidities associated with SMI can drive excess mortality. While SMI patients are younger at referral to treatment for these life-limiting conditions, their relatively premature death suggests that these conditions are also quite advanced. There is a need for a more aggressive approach to improving the physical health of this population.
Small Indels in the Androgen Receptor Gene: Phenotype Implications and Mechanisms of Mutagenesis
Authors: Ramos Raquel Martinez , Petroli Reginaldo José , D’Alessandre Nathália Da Roz , Guardia Gabriela Der Agopian , Afonso Ana Caroline de Freitas , Nishi Mirian Yumie , Domenice Sorahia , Galante Pedro Alexandre Favoretto , Mendonca Berenice Bilharinho , Batista Rafael Loch
Published: August 2023

Context

Despite high abundance of small indels in human genomes, their precise roles and underlying mechanisms of mutagenesis in Mendelian disorders require further investigation.

Objective

To profile the distribution, functional implications, and mechanisms of small indels in the androgen receptor (AR) gene in individuals with androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS).

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of previously reported indels within the coding region of the AR gene, including 3 novel indels. Distribution throughout the AR coding region was examined and compared with genomic population data. Additionally, we assessed their impact on the AIS phenotype and investigated potential mechanisms driving their occurrence.

Results

A total of 82 indels in AIS were included. Notably, all frameshift indels exhibited complete AIS. The distribution of indels across the AR gene showed a predominance in the N-terminal domain, most leading to frameshift mutations. Small deletions accounted for 59.7%. Most indels occurred in nonrepetitive sequences, with 15.8% situated within triplet regions. Gene burden analysis demonstrated significant enrichment of frameshift indels in AIS compared with controls (P < .00001), and deletions were overrepresented in AIS (P < .00001).

Conclusion

Our findings underscore a robust genotype-phenotype relationship regarding small indels in the AR gene in AIS, with a vast majority presenting complete AIS. Triplet regions and homopolymeric runs emerged as prone loci for small indels within the AR. Most were frameshift indels, with polymerase slippage potentially explaining half of AR indel occurrences. Complex frameshift indels exhibited association with palindromic runs. These discoveries advance understanding of the genetic basis of AIS and shed light on potential mechanisms underlying pathogenic small indel events.
Insulin Resistance Is Associated With Reduced Capillary Permeability of Thigh Muscles in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mooshage Christoph M , Tsilingiris Dimitrios , Schimpfle Lukas , Kender Zoltan , Aziz-Safaie Taraneh , Hohmann Anja , Szendroedi Julia , Nawroth Peter , Sturm Volker , Heiland Sabine , Bendszus Martin , Kopf Stefan , Kurz Felix T , Jende Johann M E
Published: August 2023

Context

Insulin-mediated microvascular permeability and blood flow of skeletal muscle appears to be altered in the condition of insulin resistance. Previous studies on this effect used invasive procedures in humans or animals.

Objective

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of a noninvasive assessment of human muscle microcirculation via dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of skeletal muscle in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

A total of 56 participants (46 with T2D, 10 healthy controls [HC]) underwent DCE-MRI of the right thigh at 3 Tesla. The constant of the musculature's microvascular permeability (Ktrans), extravascular extracellular volume fraction (ve), and plasma volume fraction (vp) were calculated.

Results

In T2D patients, skeletal muscle Ktrans was lower (HC 0.0677 ± 0.002 min−1, T2D 0.0664 ± 0.002 min−1; P = 0.042) while the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index was higher in patients with T2D compared to HC (HC 2.72 ± 2.2, T2D 6.11 ± 6.2; P = .011). In T2D, Ktrans correlated negatively with insulin (r = −0.39, P = .018) and HOMA index (r = −0.38, P = .020).

Conclusion

The results signify that skeletal muscle DCE-MRI can be employed as a noninvasive technique for the assessment of muscle microcirculation in T2D. Our findings suggest that microvascular permeability of skeletal muscle is lowered in patients with T2D and that a decrease in microvascular permeability is associated with insulin resistance. These results are of interest with regard to the impact of muscle perfusion on diabetic complications such as diabetic sarcopenia.
Impressive clinical response following combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in a low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma patient with a BRAF V600E mutation
Authors: Rodzajewska Anna , Kuryło Weronika , Szklener Katarzyna
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) accounting for less than 10% of all serous ovary cancers. The chemoresistance inherent to this type of ovarian cancer narrows the therapeutic options, especially in the recurrent setting. It is thought that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of these tumours, and about 2 to 20% of LGSOC harbour a BRAF mutation. 

Case report: We present a case report of a 58-year-old woman with LGSOC FIGO stage IIIC who presented recurrence of the tumor process after total abdominal hysterectomy and systemic treatment. Thereafter, she underwent molecular profiling, which revealed a BRAF V600E mutation; accordingly, the patient was administered dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy. The patient noted significant clinical improvement with normalization of CA 125 and radiological partial response. To date, the patient still maintains partial response, with good treatment tolerance and performance status ECOG 0/1 and good quality of life. 

Conclusions:  LGSOC represents the challenge that is managing a rare cancer with scarce therapeutic options. Given the prevalence of BRAF mutations in this type of tumour, it might be relevant to consider genetic testing. It may provide new treatment opportunities for patients with a known chemoresistant tumour, by identifying potential actionable targets and avoid potential toxicities associated with chemotherapy. Here we demonstrate that impressive clinical responses can be achieved in BRAF mutated LGSOC treated with combined BRAF and MEK inhibitor treatment.
Pressure injury incidence and impact on patients treated with prone positioning for COVID-19 ARDS
Authors: Nadeem Rashid , Chirayath-Wilson Nivea , D'souza Jeeshal Priya , Dsouza Flora Sheetal , Thomas Blessy Prince , Mathew Manoj , Sharma Ekta , Zahra Ahmed Najah , Ignacio Reychelle Ann Sumcio , Cherian Minu Shibu , Basheer Irshad , Kokash Feras , Memon Marvi , Tariq Rana
Published: August 2023

Objective:

To determine the incidence of pressure injuries (PIs) and their impact on clinical outcomes in patients treated with prone positioning for COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Method:

All patients with COVID-19 ARDS who were treated with prone positioning were categorised as cases and those who were not treated with prone positioning were categorised as controls. Demographics, clinical data and confounding variables affecting outcomes were recorded. Outcome variables of mortality and length of stay in intensive care units (ICUs) for both groups were recorded. Both groups' incidence of PIs were recorded and compared using statistical tests. Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables, and Mann–Whitney U test was used for continuous variables.

Results:

The sample included 212 patients, treated with prone position (n=104) and without prone treatment (n=108). The incidence of PIs was n=75 (35.4%). PIs were significantly higher in patients in the prone position (n=51, 49%) compared with patients who were not (n=24, 22%); p=0.001. Patients in the prone position were found to have lower APACHE-2 scores, longer stays on the ventilator, ICU and in the hospital.

Conclusion:

PIs are more prevalent in patients in the prone position and it adversely impacts clinical outcomes; it prolongs the length of stay on the ventilator, in the ICU and in the hospital.
All-Weather Autonomy with Radar-Based Perception System
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: August 2023

Algorithm helps radar deliver driverless
Q&A: En Route to Net Zero
Authors: Excell Jon
Published: August 2023

Engineers from across the transport industry discuss the innovations and technologies that will help propel their particular sector towards a low carbon future
Design of a Miniatured, Electromagnetic Quasi-Yagi Antenna with Circularly Polarized Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Yun Qi , Liu Li Fang , Sun Zhao , Li Xu Ping , Che Jun Ling , Li Hao Yu
Published: August 2023

A novel low-profile circularly polarized (CP) quasi-Yagi antenna with a wide 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is proposed, which generates the endfire beam by combining magnetic microstrip cavity and folded electric dipoles with a 90∘ phase difference. The proposed antenna includes two shorting pins, which are employed to attain wider impedance bandwidth. Then, a phase delay line is added to connects two pairs of folded dipoles and a magnetic microstrip cavity to realize righthanded circularly polarized (RHCP). After optimization, a prototype with an overall size of 1.17×0.91× 0.0387λ30 is designed. Simulated results demonstrate that the final model has 18.1% (5.01-6.01 GHz) 3-dB AR bandwidth and −10dB impedance bandwidth of 5.2%(5.67−5.97GHz), respectively. In addition, experimental results demonstrate that the designed antenna is very applicable to the RFID system.
Design and Implementation of a Wilkinson Power Divider with Integrated Band Stop Filters Based on Parallel-coupled Lines
Authors: Phromloungsri Ravee , Sonasang Somchat
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a technique to improve the spurious suppression performance at the second harmonic (2f0) of a Wilkinson power divider. The technique is achieved by the insertion of bandstop filters realizing with parallel-coupled lines with the characteristic impedance of 2√Z0Ω and the electrical length of λ/8 in a conventional structure. The simulated and measured results of the conventional and the proposed divider are compared at 0.9 GHz. The insertion losses (S21, S31) are less than 3.1 dB, while the return losses (S11) are less than 34.6 dB across 100% fractional bandwidth. Moreover, the proposed Wilkinson power divider achieves more than 25.5 dB suppression at 2f0.
Giant Cell Tumor of FDP Tendon Sheath in Young: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kale Sachin , Patel Abhiraj , Sreeram Sattwik , Doshi Suraj S. , Isaacs Nikhil , Mishra Ronak
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath of the hand (GCTTS) is a benign tumor of unknown cause. The clinical diagnosis is supported by pre-operative imaging. The standard of care is surgical resection along with histological confirmation. It appears as a palpable enlargement that is painless. Although pre-operative imaging and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) corroborate its suspicion, histology following surgical resection is mostly responsible for establishing its diagnosis. Due to its rarity, a case of GCT of the flexor tendon sheath of the right index finger is reported here. Case Report: We give an example of a patient with giant cell tumor (GCT) of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon sheath in a male patient who is 18 years old. On examination, a 1.8 × 1.2 × 1.0 cm swelling was seen covering an adjoining tendon on the palmar surface of the right index finger at the middle phalanx. The swelling was well-defined, had a smooth surface, was consistently firm, and could be easily pushed in a sideways direction. An isolated soft-tissue shadow was visible in the affected area of the hand’s X-ray, but there was no bone involvement. As a professional shooter, the patient utilizes his right index finger as a trigger finger. Conclusion: In adults with hand soft-tissue tumors, GCTTS should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis, especially when there’s any evidence of repeated inconsequential minor trauma. The patient should be monitored to find and treat recurrences. Keywords: Giant-cell tumors, FDP tendon, GCTTS.
Notas sobre ética y traducción en la obra de Silvana Rabinovich
Authors: Millán Alexis Daniel Rosim
Published: August 2023

En estas notas hablaremos de ética y traducción en la obra de Silvana Rabinovich. Al abordar esta obra nos deparamos con el oxímoron “Exilio domiciliario” para definir el actual estado de acumulación por desposesión que golpea nuestras geografías, pero también nos encontramos con formas de resistencia civil y de organización política que se abren paso en medio de la entropía social y de la violencia. ¿De qué manera la ética y la traducción en clave heteronoma nos ayudan a pensar críticamente este nuevo tiempo del mundo? La obra de Silvana Rabinovich procura responder a esta pregunta.
Teología Latinoamericana
Authors: Acero Carlos-Alejandra Beltrán , Grisales Maryuri Mora
Published: August 2023

Los desafíos que afrontamos hoy en teología no son iguales a aquellos que vieron nacer las teologías de la liberación. Sin embargo, hoy no necesitamos comenzar de cero. ¿Cómo recuperar la herencia de las teologías de la liberación para nuestro contexto contemporáneo en América Latina? Las primeras teologías de la liberación colapsaron frente a un análisis radical sobre el texto bíblico y las demandas cada vez más organizadas de las ciudadanías libres, religiosas o no. Los desafíos actuales, alrededor de la crítica de las identidades y la política global, convocan al feminismo poscolonial en teología como un sujeto epistémico imprescindible.
Finding Vygotsky in Early Childhood Deaf Education: Sociocultural Bodies and Conversations
Authors: Graham Patrick , Kurz Christopher , Batamula Christi
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Children, including those who are deaf, become aware of and learn about their environments through playing and social and cultural interactions. For most deaf children, preschool classrooms are optimal spaces for these interactions to occur, but only if they can fully engage with this environment. We discuss the need for and constituent aspects of full access to learning in these environments for deaf children. Vygotsky's sociocultural theory is employed chiefly as the basis for exploring and analyzing useful strategies for educators and families of deaf children. Our analysis focuses on processes in which individuals create knowledge through interacting with other people and the environment, a core emphasis of our work. We also discuss that, concomitant with full access to linguistic and social opportunities, deaf preschoolers develop a stronger sense of self, which leads to the development of cultures and languages in and out of their families.
Synthesizing Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory and Deaf Pedagogy Framework Toward Deaf Education Reform: Perspectives From Teachers of the Deaf
Authors: Potier Katie R. , Givens Heidi
Published: August 2023

Abstract: In U.S. deaf education, disablement results from a normative interpretation of disability in the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. However, Vygotsky's Fundamentals of Defectology (1993) allows educators to view current deaf education pedagogical practices through a sociocultural-constructivist lens and reject the current remedial special education model. We explore our experience as teachers of the deaf to analyze the current state of deaf education, synthesizing two core areas of Vygotskian research—sociocultural theory and deaf pedagogy—and applying them within a framework outlining characteristics of accessible educational environments that facilitate deaf children's sociocultural and intellectual development. We also examine how special education laws create barriers to implementing Vygotsky's recommendations, then offer practical, actionable solutions based on our sociocultural-constructivist deaf education synthesis. We close with suggestions for systemic change in deaf education that can provide deaf students with equitable, accessible educational environments.
The Deaf Biosocial Condition: Metaparadigmatic Lessons From and Beyond Vygotsky's Deaf Pedagogy Research
Authors: Skyer Michael E.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Lev Vygotsky (1993) described deaf ontology as dynamic interactions that uniquely but inexorably synthesize biology and society. The deaf biosocial condition is a deceptively simple theory. Principally, it clarifies imbricated issues of axiology, power, and knowledge by centering positive adaptive compensations that sublate deafness. Using Vygotsky's theoretical proposals, I organized four distinct paradigms of deaf research and analyzed a historical case of sign language deprivation from Soviet Russia in the 1930s. On the basis of this critical literature review and case analysis, I posit that a paradox of inclusion comprises the heart of deaf education, which forces stakeholders to make choices about ethics and evaluate their consequences. Vygotsky urges practitioners to reject disablement and pathology and instead to uplift visuality and multimodality. These foundational values disrupt harmful conditions, improve teaching and learning, and encourage deaf people to transform the deaf body and mind through society.
What Do Sex Robots Want? Representation, Materiality, and Queer Use
Authors: DeFalco Amelia
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT: This essay addresses its title question by analyzing sex robots, real and imagined, as both representational objects and vital matter. Though frequently treated as perverse by popular media, actual sex robots are in fact remarkably conventional in their reproduction of a heteronormative sexual aesthetic that disavows the vibrancy of the sexualized object. Sex robot art and fictional narratives (both film and literature), including Jordan Wolfson’s installation Female Figure (2014), Alex Garland’s Ex Machina (2014), and Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods (2007), employ and interrogate this kind of mimetic design. In these texts, sex robots assert their vibrancy and agency via what Sarah Ahmed terms “queer use,” while at the same time reinscribing the humanist hierarchies that precluded their vitality in the first place.
A Brief History of Jewish Victimhood Identity
Authors: Rosenstein Marc J.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: One key obstacle in the quest for Israel-Palestine reconciliation is each nation’s firm belief that it is the victim of the other’s cruel and immoral behavior. This competitive victimhood suppresses empathy and fosters a sense of powerlessness. This study examines the historical and theological roots of Jewish victimhood identity and offers historical explanations as to why it persists even in the face of the twentieth century “Jewish emergence from powerlessness” (the establishment of Israel). Based on this analysis, practical suggestions are offered for escaping victimhood identity in order to make reconciliation possible.
Setting the Table: A Bahá’i geographer reflects on faith, fieldwork, and farmworkers
Authors: Kline Anisa
Published: August 2023

Abstract: For my PhD dissertation, I surveyed agricultural guestworkers, also known as H-2A workers, in Ohio. In the summer of 2022, a research assistant and I drove around Ohio, knocking on doors and surveying the people who agreed to participate. In the end, we drove over 10,000 miles and spoke with 285 male, Spanish-speaking H-2A workers throughout the state. My larger project was focused on gathering demographic data and learning more about the men’s working and living experiences in Ohio. The results of the study have been published elsewhere. This is a personal essay recounting some of my experiences in the field and reflecting on the dialectical relationship between my identity as a Bahá’i and the fieldwork experience. Specifically, I reflect on how my faith informed my approach to fieldwork and how the Bahá’i concept of the oneness of humanity helps me connect with, or at least more clearly see, the “Other.”
Echoes of a Method: Inductive Christian Social Ethics, Social Practices, and the Radical Social Gospel
Authors: Stauffer Aaron
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Christian social ethics emerged out of and in conversation with major social movements in U.S. history and today is defined by a commitment to studying these movements. The radical social gospelers who helped found the field argued that the best way to study modern social problems was to study these problems in the places where they were most painfully experienced and in the movements where people were building power to overcome them. Many organizers were (and still are) drawn to Christian social ethics to enhance their organizing work. Today, this inductive approach echoes through the field as scholars argue about the role of ethnography and social anthropology. Some argue that this is the work of political theology. I argue that many social ethicists fail to recognize the methodological legacy of the social gospel and in turn how this approach to social ethics offers a rich future that is deeply connected to organizing movements.
Toward integrated tantalum pentoxide optical parametric oscillators
Authors: Timmerkamp Maximilian , Lüpken Niklas M. , Adrian Abazi Shiqiprim , Rasmus Bankwitz Julian , Schuck Carsten , Fallnich Carsten
Published: August 2023

We present a hybrid waveguide–fiber optical parametric oscillator (OPO) exploiting degenerate four-wave mixing in tantalum pentoxide. The OPO, pumped with ultrashort pulses at 1.55  µm wavelength, generated tunable idler pulses with up to 4.1 pJ energy tunable center wavelength between 1.63  µm and 1.68 µm. An upper bound for the total tolerable cavity loss of 32 dB was found, rendering a chip-integrated OPO feasible as a compact and robust light source.