bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of linear expansion coefficient and thermal diffusivity by photoacoustic numerical self-consistent procedure
Authors: Nesic M. V. , Popovic M. N. , Galovic S. P. , Djordjevic K. Lj. , Jordovic-Pavlovic M. I. , Miletic V. V. , Markushev D. D.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a self-consistent inverse procedure is developed for the estimation of linear thermal expansion coefficient and thermal diffusivity of solids from transmission photoacoustic measurement. This procedure consists of two single-parameter fitting processes applied alternately: phase data are fitted by shifting thermal diffusion coefficient, while amplitude data are fitted by shifting thermal expansion coefficient. Each fitting process uses the resulting parameter of the other, previously finished one, thus converging to the best solution-pair achievable. In numerical experiments, the convergence proves to be very fast. The achieved parameter estimation error is as low as 1%, and it can be lowered further more by increasing the fitting resolution in parameter space. The application of the procedure on experimentally obtained aluminum photoacoustic response (measurements) on three thickness levels returns the estimates of its thermal diffusion and thermal expansion coefficients within expected literature boundaries.
Field-free spin–orbit torque switching in L1-FePt single layer with tilted anisotropy
Authors: Tao Ying , Sun Chao , Li Wendi , Yang Liu , Jin Fang , Hui Yajuan , Li Huihui , Wang Xiaoguang , Dong Kaifeng
Published: March 2022

For real-world applications, it is desirable to realize field-free spin–orbit torque (SOT) switching in thin films with high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). In this paper, we report that field-free SOT switching in a L10-FePt single layer with a large switching ratio of 26% is obtained by using a MgO ⟨100⟩⋀8°/⟨100⟩ miscut substrate. It is found that field-free switching depends on the direction of the imposed pulse current. Only when the electric current is along the y (010)-direction but not along the x (100)-direction does field-free switching happen, which can be attributed to the tilted PMA induced symmetry breaking in the x–z plane. Furthermore, under the field-free condition, our FePt single layer system exhibits stable multi-state magnetic switching behavior and nonlinear synaptic characteristics. This work paves the way to realize field-free SOT switching in the L10-FePt single layer, which will have significant impact on spin memory devices and synaptic electronics.
X-ray imaging detector for radiological applications adapted to the context and requirements of low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Chavarria Mario Andrés , Huser Matthias , Blanc Sebastien , Monnin Pascal , Schmid Jérôme , Chênes Christophe , Assassi Lazhari , Blanchard Hubert , Sahli Romain , Thiran Jean Philippe , Salathé René , Schönenberger Klaus
Published: March 2022

This paper describes the development of a novel medical x-ray imaging system adapted to the needs and constraints of low- and middle-income countries. The developed system is based on an indirect conversion chain: a scintillator plate produces visible light when excited by the x rays, and then, a calibrated multi-camera architecture converts the visible light from the scintillator into a set of digital images. The partial images are then unwarped, enhanced, and stitched through parallel field programmable gate array processing units and specialized software. All the detector components were carefully selected focusing on optimizing the system’s image quality, robustness, cost-effectiveness, and capability to work in harsh tropical environments. With this aim, different customized and commercial components were characterized. The resulting detector can generate high quality medical diagnostic images with detective quantum efficiency levels up to 60% (@2.34 μGy), even under harsh environments, i.e., 60 °C and 98% humidity.
The dynamo properties of the reversed field pinch velocity field
Authors: Chahine Robert , Bos Wouter J. T. , Plihon Nicolas
Published: March 2022

Reversed field pinch (RFP) is a toroidal device aiming at magnetic confinement of a plasma in order to reach conditions of thermonuclear reactions. In RFPs, the magnetic and velocity fields self-organize to a saturated state determined by their nonlinear interplay and the values of the transport-coefficients. The question addressed in this article is whether this saturated velocity field is capable of amplifying a seed magnetic field, the so-called dynamo-effect for the astrophysical community. It is shown, using numerical simulations in periodic cylinders, that the RFP velocity field can amplify a passively advected seed-field, but this is only observed for values of the magnetic Prandtl number above unity. These observations are reported for both laminar and turbulent RFP flows. We further assess the difference in behavior between a passively advected vector field and the true magnetic field and show that their difference is associated with the detailed alignment properties of the fields.
Persistent near-infrared photoconductivity of ZnO nanoparticles based on plasmonic hot charge carriers
Authors: Ibrahem Mohammed A. , Verrelli Emanuele , Cheng Fei , Adawi Ali M. , Bouillard Jean-Sebastien G. , O'Neill Mary
Published: March 2022

We report on the coupling of ZnO nanoparticles with plasmonic gold nanoislands in a solution-processed photodetector, which results in a clear enhancement in the optical absorption and the electrical responsivity of ZnO nanoparticles, to cover the visible and the near-IR (NIR) spectral range, well beyond its intrinsic optical absorption. This enhancement, which arises from the coupling between ZnO nanoparticles and the plasmonically mediated hot electron generation in the Au plasmonic nanoislands, results in a significant plasmonically driven photoresponse in the NIR of 2.5 × 10−5 A/W. The recorded photocurrent exhibits a persistent behavior, which is attributed to surface defect states in the ZnO nanoparticles. This study provides a route to the solution-processed, low-cost device fabrication schemes with important implications on low processing temperature optoelectronics technology to enhance the performance of photovoltaic devices over a wide solar spectrum. Additionally, this unusual behavior paves the way toward harnessing plasmonic resonances to probe and examine the surface defects of metal oxide semiconductors.
Soliton-like surface waves propagating along the interface between a metamaterial and an antiferromagnet
Authors: Wu Zhong , Zhu Hai
Published: March 2022

Nonlinear surface waves propagating along a single interface between a linear metamaterial and a nonlinear antiferromagnet are theoretically studied. The frequency response of transverse-magnetic-polarized waves covering the frequency range from the microwave to the infrared regime is investigated in detail. We find that the waveguide supports soliton-like surface waves with low-pass response in the microwave range and bandpass response in the microwave and infrared ranges. The bandwidth is a function of the nonlinearity and can be tuned by controlling the incident wave power.
Experimental confirmation of the delayed Ni demagnetization in FeNi alloy
Authors: Jana S. , Knut R. , Muralidhar S. , Malik R. S. , Stefanuik R. , Åkerman J. , Karis O. , Schüßler-Langeheine C. , Pontius N.
Published: March 2022

Element-selective techniques are central for the understanding of ultrafast spin dynamics in multi-element materials, such as magnetic alloys. Recently, however, it turned out that the commonly used technique of the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (T-MOKE) in the extreme ultraviolet range may have issues with unwanted crosstalk between different elemental signals and energy-dependent non-linear response. This problem can be sizeable, which puts recent observations of ultrafast spin transfer from Fe to Ni sites in FeNi alloys into question. In this study, we investigate the Fe-to-Ni spin transfer in a crosstalk-free time-resolved x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) experiment with a reliable time reference. With XMCD near the absorption maxima, we find a very similar Fe and Ni dynamics as with T-MOKE from identical samples. Considering the potential non-linearities of the T-MOKE response, such a good agreement in our findings is remarkable. Our data provide the ongoing discussion about ultrafast spin-transfer mechanisms in FeNi systems with a broader experimental basis.
A hybrid Zeeman slower for lithium
Authors: Garwood Davis , Liu Liyu , Mongkolkiattichai Jirayu , Yang Jin , Schauss Peter
Published: March 2022

Zeeman slowers come in two commonly used types: electromagnet-based slowers and permanent-magnet slowers. Both have characteristic advantages and disadvantages. The electric currents required to create strong magnetic fields lead to heat dissipation that limits the achievable fields, while permanent-magnet slowers cause bias magnetic fields at the position of the magneto-optical trap. Here, we combine both approaches and their advantages at our lithium-6 triangular-lattice quantum gas microscope and extend the field of an electromagnet-based Zeeman slower using permanent magnets. We observe nearly doubled loading rates of the magneto-optical trap and no significant stray fields in the trapping region. Our approach allows for a stronger magnetic field in places where geometric constraints prevent the use of coils, and it provides a low-cost upgrade to the loading rate at established experiments.
Effect of base blowing by a large-scale fluidic oscillator on the bistable wake behind a flat-back Ahmed body
Authors: Veerasamy D. , Tajik A. R. , Pastur L. , Parezanović V.
Published: March 2022

The dynamics of the wake behind a flat-back Ahmed body are modified using a large-scale fluidic oscillator, aiming at drag reduction and the reflectional symmetry breaking (RSB) mode suppression. In the present experiment, the sweeping jet (SWJ) actuator is integrated into the base of the bluff body such that its nozzle width corresponds to about 2/3 of the bluff body base width. The jet is sweeping in the horizontal plane, which coincides with the plane of the wake flow state switching due to the RSB mode. The impact of the SWJ actuator is evaluated for three different locations along the base's height, and for a range of blowing coefficients. The base suction coefficient is recorded from four pressure measurements at the base, while the drag coefficient is obtained from direct force and moment measurements. Particle image velocimetry of the near wake reveals the modifications of the mean flow, which elucidate on the changes in the base suction and drag coefficients. Both drag reduction and RSB mode suppression are achieved, however, not for the same blowing coefficient. The symmetrized wake yields a near Gaussian distribution of the base pressure gradients around zero in both gy and gz directions. This result is corroborated by the joint probability distributions of pitching and yawing moment fluctuations from force balance measurements.
Thermo-fluidic transport process in a novel M-shaped cavity packed with non-Darcian porous medium and hybrid nanofluid: Application of artificial neural network (ANN)
Authors: Mandal Dipak Kumar , Biswas Nirmalendu , Manna Nirmal K. , Gayen Dilip Kumar , Gorla Rama Subba Reddy , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: March 2022

In this work, an attempt has been made to explore numerically the thermo-fluidic transport process in a novel M-shaped enclosure filled with permeable material along with Al2O3-Cu hybrid nanoparticles suspended in water under the influence of a horizontal magnetizing field. To exercise the influence of geometric parameters, a classical trapezoidal cavity is modified with an inverted triangle at the top to construct an M-shaped cavity. The cavity is heated isothermally from the bottom and cooled from the top, whereas the inclined sidewalls are insulated. The role of geometric parameters on the thermal performance is scrutinized thoroughly by changing the sidewall inclination, number, and height of the top inverted triangular undulation under similar boundary conditions. The governing equations transformed into dimensionless form are solved by using a computing code written in the finite volume approach. The analysis is conducted by considering a wide range of parametric influences like sidewall angles (γ), number (n), and height (δ) of the top triangular undulations, modified Rayleigh number (Ram), Darcy number (Da), Hartmann number (Ha), and hybrid nanoparticle concentrations (φ). Furthermore, the artificial neural network (ANN) technique is implemented and tested to predict the overall thermal behavior of the novel cavity to predict new cases. The results revealed that the design of sidewall inclination (γ) is an important parameter for modulating the thermo-flow physics. The M-shaped cavity (compared to trapezoidal) reveals either a rise or drop in the fluid circulation strength depending upon the magnitude of δ, but the heat transfer rate always increases due to an increase in the cooling length. The heat transfer increment is ∼61.01% as δ increases. Single undulation with higher depth is the optimum choice for achieving improved heat transfer (which may go up to ∼355.75% for δ = 0.5 and γ  = 45°). A decrease in Da or Ha causes a drop in the flow strength, which consequently leads to a drop in the heat transfer rate. Furthermore, the concepts of ANN will help researchers predict the behavior for such complicated cavity shapes with a multiphysics approach. This will save efforts as well as computing time for exploring the thermal behavior of any range of a dataset.
Resistive switching and photovoltaic response characteristics for the BaTiO3/Nb:SrTiO3 heterostructure
Authors: Zhu Yongdan , Zhao Meng , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Teng , Zhou Hai
Published: March 2022

Recently, perovskite compounds with ABX3 structures have been attracting increasing attention because of their excellent properties and their potential for applications in fields such as optoelectronics and memory devices. In this Letter, we introduce a BaTiO3/Nb:SrTiO3 (BTO/NSTO) heterostructure that displays both resistive switching and photovoltaic response characteristics. As a dual-function device, our heterostructure device not only exhibits bipolar resistive switching behavior with a switching ratio of up to 103 without any forming process but also shows a tunable photovoltage effect with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of approximately 0.38 V. In addition, a high-resistance state and a low-resistance state of the device can be modulated by light illumination. This photo-modulation mechanism is revealed and shows that resistive switching can be attributed to migration of photogenerated carriers and charge trapping/detrapping caused by ferroelectric polarization reversal, which changes depletion layer characteristics at the BTO/NSTO interface. This work may help to provide an understanding of multifunctional characteristics of the BTO/NSTO heterostructure and will pave the way toward practical applications of this heterostructure in memory and optoelectronic devices.
Electron mobility and velocity in Al0.45Ga0.55N-channel ultra-wide bandgap HEMTs at high temperatures for RF power applications
Authors: Ye Hansheng , Gaevski Mikhail , Simin Grigory , Khan Asif , Fay Patrick
Published: March 2022

Ultra-wide bandgap AlGaN has attracted recent attention as a promising channel material for next-generation high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) for RF power due to its high critical field, excellent transport properties, and potential for operation in extreme environments. However, the effects of temperature on the transport properties are not fully understood. Here, Al0.62Ga0.38N/Al0.45Ga0.55N HEMTs have been fabricated and characterized up to 150 °C at DC and RF to evaluate the effect of temperature on electron mobility and carrier velocity. Measured results indicate that both mobility and carrier velocity exhibit modest dependence on temperature, suggesting that AlGaN channel HEMTs are promising for future RF power applications.
Resonant-type rotating piezoelectric motor with inchworm–inertia composite impact
Authors: He Liangguo , Dou Haotian , Ge Xinfang , Li Xinyu , Gao Guangjie
Published: March 2022

A resonant-type rotating piezoelectric motor with inchworm–inertia composite impact was designed and manufactured. It mainly comprises a stator, rotor, support shaft, and frame. The motor stator includes a clamp, driver, central connecting block, preload structure, and other auxiliary mechanisms. The clamp and driver of the motor work in a resonant state. The motor structure was optimized by using the finite element software COMSOL 5.2. Through the finite element simulation analysis, the first-order bending vibration of the clamp and the driver was selected as the working mode, and the consistency of the resonance frequency coupling was optimized and adjusted. By coordinating the bending vibration of the clamp and driver in the vertical staggered direction, the clamping foot drives the rotor to realize the unidirectional continuous rotation. The motor prototype was designed and processed, while the experimental device platform was established to verify the working principle of the motor, and the comprehensive performance of the motor was analyzed and tested. When the input driving voltage was 240 VP–P, the driving frequency was 161 Hz, and the preload torque of the motor was 6.9 N mm, the maximum no-load speed of the motor reached 3.23 rad/s and the maximum load torque reached 10.35 N mm. Under the same conditions, the maximum resolution of the motor rotation angle was 0.69°.
Effect of substrate orientation on homoepitaxial growth of
β
-Ga2O3 by halide vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Goto Ken , Murakami Hisashi , Kuramata Akito , Yamakoshi Shigenobu , Higashiwaki Masataka , Kumagai Yoshinao
Published: March 2022

The influence of substrate orientation on homoepitaxial growth of beta-gallium oxide by halide vapor phase epitaxy was investigated. Substrates were cut at various angles Δb from the (001) plane (Δb = 0°) to the (010) plane (Δb = 90°) of bulk crystals grown by the edge-defined film-fed growth method. The growth rate increased with increasing absolute value of Δb near the (001). However, from the (001) to the (010), as Δb increased, the growth rate decreased sharply, and streaky grooves observed in the grown layer on the (001) substrate became triangular pits. The length of the pits decreased with increasing Δb, and a pit-free homoepitaxial layer grew at Δb ≈ 60°. The valley line of the pits was parallel to the [010] direction; therefore, the length of the pits decreased with increasing Δb. In addition, transmission electron microscopy observations of the deepest part of a pit revealed that the pits originate from dislocations propagating in the substrate at an angle of 60° with respect to the (001) plane. Therefore, pits are not formed on the grown layer surface when the Δb of the substrate is ∼60°, because its surface is substantially parallel to the dislocations. The homoepitaxial growth of a pit-free layer on the (011) substrate (Δb = 61.7°) was demonstrated, and void defects and dislocations in the substrate were confirmed by the etch-pit method to not be inherited by the homoepitaxial layer.
Using single-cell models to predict the functionality of synthetic circuits at the population scale
Authors: Aditya Chetan , Bertaux François , Batt Gregory , Ruess Jakob
Published: March 2022

Significance

At the single-cell level, biochemical processes are inherently stochastic. For many natural systems, the resulting cell-to-cell variability is exploited by microbial populations. In synthetic biology, however, the interplay of cell-to-cell variability and population processes such as selection or growth often leads to circuits not functioning as predicted by simple models. Here we show how multiscale stochastic kinetic models that simultaneously track single-cell and population processes can be obtained based on an augmentation of the chemical master equation. These models enable us to quantitatively predict complex population dynamics of a yeast optogenetic differentiation system from a specification of the circuit’s components and to demonstrate how cell-to-cell variability can be exploited to purposefully create unintuitive circuit functionality.
The interplay of environmental luminance and genetics in the retinal dystrophy induced by the dominant RPE65 mutation
Authors: Wu Wenjing , Takahashi Yusuke , Shin Henry Younghwa , Ma Xiang , Moiseyev Gennadiy , Ma Jian-Xing
Published: March 2022

Significance

In humans, genetic mutations in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) 65 are associated with blinding diseases, for which there is no effective therapy alleviating progressive retinal degeneration in affected patients. Our findings uncovered that the increased free opsin caused by enhancing the ambient light intensity increased retinal activation, and when compounded with the RPE visual cycle dysfunction caused by the heterozygous D477G mutation and aggregation, led to the onset of retinal degeneration.
Crystal structures of YeiE fromCronobacter sakazakiiand the role of sulfite tolerance in gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Hong Seokho , Kim Jinshil , Cho Eunshin , Na Soohui , Yoo Yeon-Ji , Cho You-Hee , Ryu Sangryeol , Ha Nam-Chul
Published: March 2022

Significance

YeiE has been identified as a master virulence factor ofCronobacter sakazakii. In this study, we determined the crystal structures of the regulatory domain of YeiE in complex with its physiological ligand sulfite ion (SO32−). The structure provides the basis for the molecular mechanisms for sulfite sensing and the ligand-dependent conformational changes of the regulatory domain. The genes under the control of YeiE in response to sulfite were investigated to reveal the functional roles of YeiE in the sulfite tolerance of the bacteria. We propose the molecular mechanism underlying the ability of gram-negative pathogens to defend against the innate immune response involving sulfite, thus providing a strategy to control the pathogenesis of bacteria.
Ferroptosis regulation by the NGLY1/NFE2L1 pathway
Authors: Forcina Giovanni C. , Pope Lauren , Murray Magdalena , Dong Wentao , Abu-Remaileh Monther , Bertozzi Carolyn R. , Dixon Scott J.
Published: March 2022

Significance

Ferroptosis is an oxidative form of cell death whose biochemical regulation remains incompletely understood. Cap’n’collar (CNC) transcription factors including nuclear factor erythroid-2–related factor 1 (NFE2L1/NRF1) and NFE2L2/NRF2 can both regulate oxidative stress pathways but are each regulated in a distinct manner, and whether these two transcription factors can regulate ferroptosis independent of one another is unclear. We find that NFE2L1 can promote ferroptosis resistance, independent of NFE2L2, by maintaining the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a key protein that prevents lethal lipid peroxidation. NFE2L2 can also promote ferroptosis resistance but does so through a distinct mechanism that appears independent of GPX4 protein expression. These results suggest that NFE2L1 and NFE2L2 independently regulate ferroptosis.
Had the Neogrammarians spoken Wolof or Basaa…
Authors: Pablé Adrian
Published: March 2022

In this response article to Emmanuel Ngué Um’s piece published in Language, Culture and Society,
I examine Ngué Um’s thesis that structural linguistics has no reality in the African context, which he presents in the form of a
critique of Saussure and Western linguistics. Ngué Um imagines Saussure as a (native) speaker of an African language, who would have
refrained from theorizing languages the way he did, namely as theoretical fictions, if only he had received a formation in linguistic anthropology.
Against this, I argue that we must assess Saussurean thinking as part of the history of linguistics, i.e., in its proper
historical context, and acknowledge that linguistics as we know it is the product of Western metaphysics. Saussure just carried
forward the intellectual legacy of which he was a product. Ngué Um wishes to adapt Saussurean linguistics to the contemporary
linguistic world and make it a fit for the postcolonial and posthuman paradigms. However, the notions of langue
and parole have a precise function in Saussure’s theorizing, and it is questionable whether a
decolonial linguistics should approach the African linguistic experience based on any of the Western
metaphysical concepts. Doing so will, arguably, lead to a watered-down version of metaphysics and to a not fully emancipated southern
linguistic theory.
Asymmetric electoral authoritarianism? The case of the 2021 elections in Ethiopia
Authors: Lyons Terrence , Verjee Aly
Published: March 2022

Ethiopia’s 2021 elections have been overshadowed by the brutal civil war that has raged since November 2020. The elections may not have been competitive but they reveal important dynamics about institutions and the competition for power in Africa’s second most populous state. These were the first elections under Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who came to power in 2018 insisting that legitimacy comes through elections. By 2021, however, repression and boycotts resulted in the ruling party winning 97% of the seats where voting took place. Beneath this national result were patterns of asymmetric electoral authoritarianism. Some regions experienced heavy-handed political domination and voting with only the ruling party competing. Others had circumscribed political space and opportunities for the opposition to win votes. Local dynamics challenge assessments that only look at the national outcome, missing important differences between types of electoral authoritarianism.
A Dental Perspective on the Successes and Limitations of the Disaster Victim Identification Response to the Nepal Earthquake
Authors: Dahal Samarika , Chaudhary Gopal Kumar , Maharjan Mani Raj , Walung Eugen Dolma
Published: March 2022

This article describes the forensic odontological analysis of the events of the 2015 Nepal earthquake. It identifies the problems encountered in the aftermath, lessons learned, and prospective future advances aimed at reducing the subjectivity in disaster victim identification (DVI). During a crisis, dental practitioners, particularly forensic odontologists, can make a substantial contribution to DVI, as highlighted in this article. It also promotes best practices in forensic dentistry that may be used by anyone in situations with few resources or people to deal with comparable scenarios. Key PointsForensic odontologists recruited during the Nepal earthquake discuss their first-hand experience during the operation.The unique operation experience prepared them well to develop a protocol to effectively and efficiently identify an individual during such mass disasters.
The E3 ligase TRIM1 ubiquitinates LRRK2 and controls its localization, degradation, and toxicity
Authors: Stormo Adrienne E.D. , Shavarebi Farbod , FitzGibbon Molly , Earley Elizabeth M. , Ahrendt Hannah , Lum Lotus S. , Verschueren Erik , Swaney Danielle L. , Skibinski Gaia , Ravisankar Abinaya , van Haren Jeffrey , Davis Emily J. , Johnson Jeffrey R. , Von Dollen John , Balen Carson , Porath Jacob , Crosio Claudia , Mirescu Christian , Iaccarino Ciro , Dauer William T. , Nichols R. Jeremy , Wittmann Torsten , Cox Timothy C. , Finkbeiner Steve , Krogan Nevan J. , Oakes Scott A. , Hiniker Annie
Published: March 2022

Missense mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of familial Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, pathways regulating LRRK2 subcellular localization, function, and turnover are not fully defined. We performed quantitative mass spectrometry–based interactome studies to identify 48 novel LRRK2 interactors, including the microtubule-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM1 (tripartite motif family 1). TRIM1 recruits LRRK2 to the microtubule cytoskeleton for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation by binding LRRK2911–919, a nine amino acid segment within a flexible interdomain region (LRRK2853–981), which we designate the “regulatory loop” (RL). Phosphorylation of LRRK2 Ser910/Ser935 within LRRK2 RL influences LRRK2’s association with cytoplasmic 14-3-3 versus microtubule-bound TRIM1. Association with TRIM1 modulates LRRK2’s interaction with Rab29 and prevents upregulation of LRRK2 kinase activity by Rab29 in an E3-ligase–dependent manner. Finally, TRIM1 rescues neurite outgrowth deficits caused by PD-driving mutant LRRK2 G2019S. Our data suggest that TRIM1 is a critical regulator of LRRK2, controlling its degradation, localization, binding partners, kinase activity, and cytotoxicity.
Temperature measurement based on the magneto-optic Kerr effect in Ni nanofilms
Authors: Yi Wentong , Zhu Yiwen , Hou De , Ning Guoqiang , Sheng Zhigao , Du Zhongzhou , Liu Wenzhong
Published: March 2022

Thermometry is essential in laboratory and industry settings. We propose a noninvasive temperature measurement method based on the superparamagnetic properties of nickel-plated films. When the nickel (Ni) film is uniformly heated from 100 K to 300 K, we observe that the polarization angle of the reflected polarized light decreases correspondingly. Compared with optical temperature measurement, this method introduces magnetic physical quantity, which increases the penetration of temperature measurement. Compared with magnetic temperature measurement, this method introduces optical physical quantity, which greatly increases the amount of information contained in the measurement channel. On this basis, we introduce the characteristic matrix of membrane system, and the improved the mean field theory which can interpret superparamagnetism. Our experiment has demonstrated that the above theoretical model is feasible from low temperature to normal temperature. The thin film sensor element provides the necessary temperature information for cryogenic wind tunnel design and hypersonic vehicle surface model design in real time
Laser ablation fabrication of a p-NiO/n-Si heterojunction for broadband and self-powered UV–Visible–NIR photodetection
Authors: Chaoudhary Savita , Dewasi Avijit , S Ram Prakash , Rastogi Vipul , Pereira Rui N , Sinopoli Alessandro , Aïssa Brahim , Mitra Anirban
Published: March 2022

We report on the optoelectronic characteristics of p-NiO/n-Si heterojunction photodiode for broadband photodetection, fabricated by depositing a p-type NiO thin film onto a commercial n-type silicon substrate using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The structural properties of the PLD-grown p-NiO material were analysed by means of x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, confirming its crystalline nature and revealing the presence of Ni vacancies, respectively. Hall measurements confirmed the p-type semiconducting nature of the NiO thin film having a carrier concentration of 8.4 × 1016 cm−3. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the p-NiO/n-Si heterojunction photodevice were investigated under different wavelengths ranging from UV to NIR. The self-bias properties under different illuminations of light were also explored systematically. Under self-bias condition, the photodiode exhibits excellent responsivities of 12.5 mA W−1, 24.6 mA W−1 and 30.8 mA W−1 with illumination under 365 nm, 485 nm, and 850 nm light, respectively. In addition, the time dependency of the photoresponse of the fabricated photodevice has also been investigated and discussed thoroughly.
Can dose convolution modelling explain bath and shower effects in rat spinal cord?
Authors: Blake Steve W
Published: March 2022

Objective. ‘Bath and shower’ effects were first seen in proton irradiations of rat spinal cord, where a low dose ‘bath’ reduced the smaller field ‘shower’ dose needed for limb paralysis giving the appearance of sensitisation of the cord or disproportionate response. This was difficult to reconcile with existing tissue complication models. The purpose of this investigation is to explore a different approach using a dose convolution algorithm to model the 50% isoeffect endpoint. Approach. Bath and shower dose distributions were convolved with Gaussian functions with widths specified by the σ parameter. The hypothesis was that the maximum value from the convolved distributions was constant for isoeffect across the modelled scenarios. A simpler field length dependent relative biological effectiveness (FLRBE) approach was also used for a subset of the data which gave results independent of σ. Main results. The maximum values from the convolved distributions were constant within ±17% across the bath and shower experiments for σ = 3.5 mm, whereas the maximum dose varied by a factor of four. The FLRBE results were also within ±14% confirming the validity of the dose convolution approach. Significance. A simple approach using dose convolution modelling of the 50% isotoxicity gave compelling consistency with the full range of bath and shower results, while the FLRBE approach confirmed the results for the symmetric field data. Convolution modelling and the effect of time interval were consistent with a signalling factor diffusion mechanism such as the ‘bystander effect’. The results suggest biological effectiveness is reduced for very small field sizes, requiring a higher isoeffect dose. By implication, the bath dose does not sensitise the cord to the shower dose; when biological effectiveness is accounted for, a small increase in the bath dose requires a significantly larger reduction in shower dose for isoeffect.
Temporal and spatial properties of plasma induced by infrared femtosecond laser pulses in air
Authors: Balachninaitė O , Skruibis J , Matijošius A , Vaičaitis V
Published: March 2022

Space and time-resolved electron density and temperature of the plasma, created in air by focused femtosecond laser pulses have been investigated as a function of the pump pulse energy and duration. For the air ionization the infrared (1030 nm) femtosecond (190–500 fs) Yb:KGW laser pulses of up to 1 mJ energy were used. Based on the Stark broadening of the oxygen-I 777.19 nm line we have found that after establishing a local equilibrium the density of laser-created plasma could exceed 1017 cm−3 with the electron temperature of over 5000 °C. Obtained results agree well with the results of previously reported measurements of the plasma density created by the femtosecond near-infrared Ti:sapphire laser pulses.
Physics of thermionic, orificed hollow cathodes: I. Theory and experimental validation
Authors: Taunay P-Y C R , Wordingham C J , Choueiri E Y
Published: March 2022

A model aimed at illuminating the physics of thermionic, orificed hollow cathodes is developed and validated with experimental data. The model is intended to describe the variation of total (neutrals, ions, and electrons) static pressure with controllable parameters. That pressure must be properly evaluated because it influences important plasma parameters in the cathode such as the attachment length and the electron temperature, which directly impact the lifetime of thermionic inserts. The model, which combines a zero-dimensional approach to the conservation of energy and momentum for the combined plasma-neutral fluid and a charge-exchange-limited ambipolar diffusion model, allows for the computation of all plasma quantities, including the total fluid pressure. The model depends on the operating conditions (discharge current and mass flow rate), cathode geometry, and the gas species, along with two non-controllable parameters: the neutral gas temperature and the sheath potential. Total pressure data at up to 307 A of cathode discharge current were obtained experimentally and were used, along with data from the literature, to validate the model. Good agreement is obtained for all quantities. The model is used in a companion paper to clarify the role of magnetic and gasdynamic pressure in the scaling of total pressure, to derive scaling laws applicable to thermionic, orificed hollow cathodes, and to propose novel cathode design rules.
Enhanced critical axial tensile strain limit of CORC® wires: FEM and analytical modeling
Authors: Anvar V A , Wang K , Weiss J D , Radcliff K , van der Laan D C , Hossain M S A , Nijhuis A
Published: March 2022

Conductor on Round Core (CORC®) cables and wires are composed of spiraled high-temperature superconducting (HTS) rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tapes, wound in multiple layers, and can carry very high currents in background magnetic fields of more than 20 T. They combine isotropic flexibility and high resilience to electromagnetic and thermal loads. The brittle nature of HTS tapes limits the maximum allowable axial tensile strain in superconducting cables. An intrinsic tensile strain above about 0.45% will introduce cracks in the REBCO layer of straight HTS tapes resulting in irreversible damage. The helical fashion at which the REBCO tapes are wound around the central core allows tapes to experience only a fraction of the total axial tensile strain applied to the CORC® wire. As a result, the critical strain limit of CORC® wires can be increased by a factor of more than 10 that of REBCO tapes. Finite element (FE) and analytical models are developed to predict the performance of CORC® wires under axial tensile strain. A parametric analysis is carried out by varying the winding angle, the Poisson’s ratio of the CORC® wire core, the core diameter, and the tape width. The results show that a small variation in winding angle can have a significant impact on the cable’s axial tensile strain tolerance. While the radial contraction of the helically wound tapes in a CORC® wire under axial tensile strain depends on its winding angle, it is mostly driven by the Poisson’s ratio of the central core, affecting the tape strain state and thus its performance. Contact pressure from multiple layers within the CORC® wire also affects the CORC® wire performance. The FE model can be used to optimize the cable design for specific application conditions, resulting in an irreversible strain limit of CORC® cables and wires as high as 7%.
Identifying similarities and differences in emotion recognition with EEG and eye movements among Chinese, German, and French People
Authors: Liu Wei , Zheng Wei-Long , Li Ziyi , Wu Si-Yuan , Gan Lu , Lu Bao-Liang
Published: March 2022

Objective. Cultures have essential influences on emotions. However, most studies on cultural influences on emotions are in the areas of psychology and neuroscience, while the existing affective models are mostly built with data from the same culture. In this paper, we identify the similarities and differences among Chinese, German, and French individuals in emotion recognition with electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye movements from an affective computing perspective. Approach. Three experimental settings were designed: intraculture subject dependent, intraculture subject independent, and cross-culture subject independent. EEG and eye movements are acquired simultaneously from Chinese, German, and French subjects while watching positive, neutral, and negative movie clips. The affective models for Chinese, German, and French subjects are constructed by using machine learning algorithms. A systematic analysis is performed from four aspects: affective model performance, neural patterns, complementary information from different modalities, and cross-cultural emotion recognition. Main results. From emotion recognition accuracies, we find that EEG and eye movements can adapt to Chinese, German, and French cultural diversities and that a cultural in-group advantage phenomenon does exist in emotion recognition with EEG. From the topomaps of EEG, we find that the γ and β bands exhibit decreasing activities for Chinese, while for German and French, θ and α bands exhibit increasing activities. From confusion matrices and attentional weights, we find that EEG and eye movements have complementary characteristics. From a cross-cultural emotion recognition perspective, we observe that German and French people share more similarities in topographical patterns and attentional weight distributions than Chinese people while the data from Chinese are a good fit for test data but not suitable for training data for the other two cultures. Significance. Our experimental results provide concrete evidence of the in-group advantage phenomenon, cultural influences on emotion recognition, and different neural patterns among Chinese, German, and French individuals.
Electrophoretic study of G-quadruplex aptamer interactions with different short single-strand complementary oligonucleotides
Authors: Samokhvalov A V , Zherdev A V , Dzantiev B B
Published: March 2022

Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids, typically 20-80 nucleobases (nb) in length, which can bind different compounds with high affinity and selectively. Their ligand-binding properties can be attenuated by adding short complementary strands. These interactions open new opportunities for aptamer-based assays. Strong dependence between the length and electrophoretic mobility of short nucleic acids makes polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis a powerful tool for studying their complexes. The interactions between the 36 nb DNA G-quadruplex aptamer (5’-GAT-CGG-GTG-TGG-GTG-GCG-TAA-AGG-GAG-CAT-CGG-ACA-3’) specific to ochratoxin A and 9 complementary single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) were studied. The length of ssDNA varied from 5 to 9 nb. To maintain ligand-binding conformation of the aptamer, a high ionic strength buffer was used. The best resolution between the aptamer and its complex was provided for the gel with 15% monomer and a monomer/cross-linker ratio of 15:1. Bands of free aptamer and ssDNA were observed for all studied variants. If the ssDNA length was less than 9 nb, the position of the aptamer’s band remained unchanged, independent of the aptamer/ssDNA ratios, and additional bands did not appear. The longest ssDNA (5’-CGC-CAC-CCA-3’) did not lead to the appearance of a new band, but it slowed the aptamer’s migration depending on the ssDNA concentration. Under a 27-fold excess of the given ssDNA, the relative mobility of the aptamer band changed from 0.566 to 0.468. Thus, electrophoresis visualizes aptamer-ssDNA interactions and can be used in the development of aptamer-based analytical systems.
A general take on a Tecnomatix Process Simulate´s Digital Twin creation and its exchange of information with the TIA Portal and PLC SIM Advanced
Authors: Ružarovský R , Skýpala R
Published: March 2022

Digital twins are rapidly establishing themselves as a necessary step in digital change also in the design of automated and robotic manufacturing systems. The digital twin serves as an interface between physical industrial products and digital worlds. This allows you to map the continuous availability of data throughout the lifecycle from product planning and development, production and commissioning to use and recycling. An important step towards this goal is to create digital twins of the components in order to create a database usable for the design of new production systems in a virtual environment. One of the possibilities of using the digital twins is testing and virtual commissioning of production systems. Instead of the classic CAD model, the digital twin replaces a detailed digital image of individual components, including their full functionality. The Digital Twin comprises the CAD model, kinematic behavior model a most important is the logical behavior model. Our goal is to create a digital twin component of the production system, integrate a CAD model, create a kinematic model and a logical behavior model. This digital twin will have signals assigned to it for logical behavior. The result is the verification and testing of the information exchange between the virtual control system and the virtual model, using the Software-in-the-Loop method and the Tecnomatix Process Simulate software environment on the digital twin side and the Siemens TIA Portal with PLC SIM Advanced on the controller side. The result of the knowledge is that the exchange of information is functional and usable for virtual commissioning.
Digital Twin design at the material flow level
Authors: Delgado Sobrino D R , Rychtarik V , Cagáňová D
Published: March 2022

Mass customization in industry is perceived as contemporary challenge for many organizations. Requirements for quality, functionality and uniqueness of products grow at a disproportionate pace and at the same time, price remains to be the the customer’s main attribute for purchasing the product. One of the tools for reducing the cost is precisely the Digital Twin concept, which besides is the essence of the so-called Simulation 4.0. This concept focuses on the creation of digital prototypes of products and production processes at any of its different instances including the material flow or plant level. Up until recently, Simulation had been known for being static in nature and using pre-determined or generated values, i.e.: “dead” simulations without dynamics or interactions with real data. However, Simulation 4.0 is built on the principles of the Digital Twin technology, which is flexible, time-changing, and capable of interaction with the real world. Simulation 4.0 uses many tools, such as IoT, Big Data, Cloud Computing technologies used to process live data. Live data are afterward sent to local or global databases. This paper elaborates on all these topics and presents a real-life example for the online tracking of products and parts in a production environment, as a clear manifestation of digital twin design at the material flow level.
Verification of the voice control modification of robot -DOBOT Magician depending to change voice frequency
Authors: Holubek R , Janícek M , Tirian G O
Published: March 2022

Voice control is becoming increasingly popular nowadays. Voice control is used, for example, in the car when entering navigation, in smartphones it is possible to search for the desired thing on the Internet using smartphones, or a smart home voice assistant will make grocery purchases if necessary. Is the reliability of voice control close to perfection or does it have its flaws? Continuous improvement of voice control proves that reliability still has unexplored possibilities for improvement. In collaborative robotics, multiword voice commands are more successful. In the longer time it takes to say the whole command, it is easier to identify the voice command and assign the correct task. Modifying the voice frequency also improves the success of the commands. This article examines single-word and multi-word voice commands and verifies modifications to the commands of a collaborative robot depending on the change in voice frequency.
MLRDFM: a multi-view Laplacian regularized DeepFM model for predicting miRNA-disease associations
Authors: Ding Yulian , Lei Xiujuan , Liao Bo , Wu Fang-Xiang
Published: March 2022

Motivation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as critical regulators, are involved in various fundamental and vital biological processes, and their abnormalities are closely related to human diseases. Predicting disease-related miRNAs is beneficial to uncovering new biomarkers for the prevention, detection, prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases.

Results

In this study, we propose a multi-view Laplacian regularized deep factorization machine (DeepFM) model, MLRDFM, to predict novel miRNA-disease associations while improving the standard DeepFM. Specifically, MLRDFM improves DeepFM from two aspects: first, MLRDFM takes the relationships among items into consideration by regularizing their embedding features via their similarity-based Laplacians. In this study, miRNA Laplacian regularization integrates four types of miRNA similarity, while disease Laplacian regularization integrates two types of disease similarity. Second, to judiciously train our model, Laplacian eigenmaps are utilized to initialize the weights in the dense embedding layer. The experimental results on the latest HMDD v3.2 dataset show that MLRDFM improves the performance and reduces the overfitting phenomenon of DeepFM. Besides, MLRDFM is greatly superior to the state-of-the-art models in miRNA-disease association prediction in terms of different evaluation metrics with the 5-fold cross-validation. Furthermore, case studies further demonstrate the effectiveness of MLRDFM.