bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community Action Package in Iran's Comprehensive Mental and Social Health Services (the SERAJ Program)
Authors: Damari Behzad , Sharifi Vandad , Asgardoon Mohammad Hossein , Hajebi Ahmad
Published: February 2021

Objective: The social component of health plays a significant role in improving the mental health of the people of a district. A national program on providing comprehensive social and mental health services, entitled “SERAJ”, was developed and piloted in three districts of Iran. The present study aims to determine its model for improving the indicators of the social component of mental health.
Method: This study is a system design for which a literature review, interviews with experts, and focused group discussions with stakeholders were used.
Results: Community action in promoting the mental health of the districts has three main components: strengthening intersectoral collaboration through the memorandum of understandings (MoU), increasing people's participation by establishing People’s Participation House (PPH) with the presence of the representative of current People’s network, and social protection of people suffering from mental disorders by establishing the Social Support Unit (SSU) for self-reliance activity. All three components are controlled by the governor and with supervision and technical consult of the health network of the district and stakeholder participation
Conclusion: The model uses the inner capacities of the city instead of creating new structures. The prerequisites for the effective function of the main three components are educating departments, educating members of the PPH, and hiring a social worker at the SSU. The effective measures taken by the departments to reduce the risk factors for mental disorders are dependent on the technical and financial support of relevant organizations at the provincial and national levels.
Population-Based Approaches to Prevent Domestic Violence against Women Using a Systematic Review
Authors: Babaee Ebrahim , Tehrani-Banihashem Arash , Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran , Sheykholeslami Arghavan , Purabdollah Majid , Ashari Arezou , Nojomi Marzieh
Published: February 2021

Objective: In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the existing strategies and interventions in domestic violence prevention to assess their effectiveness.
Method: To select studies, Pubmed, ISI, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, Ovid, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Elsevier databases were searched. Two authors reviewed all papers using established inclusion/ exclusion criteria. Finally, 18 articles were selected and met the inclusion criteria for assessment. Following the Cochrane quality assessment tool and AHRQ Standards, the studies were classified for quality rating based on design and performance quality. Two authors separately reviewed the studies and categorized them as good, fair, and poor quality.
Results: Most of the selected papers had fair- or poor-quality rating in terms of methodology quality. Different intervention methods had been used in these studies. Four studies focused on empowering women; 3, 4, and 2 studies were internet-based interventions, financial interventions, and relatively social interventions, respectively. Four interventions were also implemented in specific groups. All authors stated that interventions were effective.
Conclusion: Intervention methods should be fully in line with the characteristics of the participants. Environmental and cultural conditions and the role of the cause of violence are important elements in choosing the type of intervention. Interventions are not superior to each other because of their different applications.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease after Dental Procedure Along with the Initial Manifestations of Psychiatric Disorder: A Case Report
Authors: Badrfam Rahim , Noorbala Ahmad Ali , Vahabi Zahra , Zandifar Atefeh
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) as a prion disease is an untreatable type of progressive neurodegenerative encephalopathy. Although no definitive case has been reported yet, here we report a case that given the history, course of symptoms, and recent dental practice, it is highly probable that it was caused by dental procedures.
Case Report: The patient was a 52-year-old woman who has had memory problems gradually with forgetting the names of family members since 6 weeks prior to the visit and shortly after the dental procedure. She experienced progressive visual hallucinations accompanied by a sharp decline in cognitive, verbal, and motor abilities in just a few weeks. Finally, the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob was made for her based on the clinical history and typical brain MRI.
Discussion: Clinical evidence of this patient, along with positive brain MRI results, indicates the risk of prion transfer through dental procedures. Paying attention to the neurological aspects of psychiatric manifestations and increasing the awareness of dentists about how to deal with and act on the potential dangers of prion transfer is of paramount importance.
The Impact of Self-Review Intervention Method in Reducing Depression Symptoms
Authors: Pourhosein Reza
Published: February 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to introduce, present, and describe the self-review therapeutic method that was designed and presented by Pourhosein based on Beck's cognitive theory, Islamic philosophy, and the return to Iqbal-e-Lahouri's self-awareness to reduce the symptoms of depression and increase happiness.
Method: In this study in addition to a theoretical and methodological discussion about self-review intervention method browsing, an example of research done in this field is mentioned.Results: The basic principles of this approach have been based on human integrity with a cognitive approach. The underlying principle in this method is the bareness and consciousness of the human being from the inner and outer features of the self in which as a human being becomes more aware of his internal and external traits and his emotional responses will become more realistic.
Conclusion: This method is presented in a systematic manner, which if goes well, the patients’ consciousness about their self is increased and their symptoms of depression will decrease. In this study, while explaining its theoretical and methodological foundations, some research examples suggest a decrease in these symptoms.
Iran’s Comprehensive Mental and Social Health Services (SERAJ Program): A Pilot Protocol
Authors: Damari Behzad , Sharifi Vandad , Asgardoon Mohammad Hossein , Hajebi Ahmad
Published: February 2021

Objective: The Iranian Mental Health Survey (IranMHS) indicated that almost 1 in 4 people had one or more psychiatric disorders (23.6%); however, two-thirds of patients did not benefit from health interventions, many provided services were inadequate and imposed a high burden on Iranian families. Therefore, the development of a national program on providing comprehensive social and mental health services, entitled “SERAJ”, became necessary. The present study aims to develop and outline the protocol for the pilot implementation of SERAJ.
Method: This study is an action research with the collaborative mode. To compile the protocol, a broad review of the literature, interviews with experts and stakeholders, and focused group discussions were conducted.
Results: The pilot implementation should be divided into 4 phases: (1) preparing documentation and work team, (2) preparing the prerequisites for providing pilot services, (3) providing pilot services, and (4) implementation and evaluation.
Conclusion: SERAJ considered both preventive and treatment measures for mental and social health disorders and their risk factors. Moreover, the entire population can have access to primary and secondary services. Therefore, SERAJ is more comprehensive than the current situation in the country's mental health services. We suggest piloting and evaluating SERAJ in three districts of Iran.
Impact of suspending traffic management plan in Tehran on air quality and COVID-19 mortality and morbidity
Authors: Rahmatinia Masoumeh , Mohseni Bandpey Anooshiravan , Shahsavani Abbas , Hadei Mostafa , Jonidi Jafari Ahmad , Raeisi Alireza , Hasanzade Vajeh , Zali Alireza , Yarahmadi Maryam , Kermani Majid , Amouei Torkmahalleh Mehdi , Namvar Zahra , Bazzazpour Shahriyar
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The novel coronavirus disease 2019, namely COVID-19, has been known as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). To prevent of COVID-19 spread, most countries including Iran have implemented many preventive measures. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of implementation (Phase-01)/non- implementation (Phase-02) of the traffic plan on confirmed cases, suspected cases, and mortality cases by COVID-19 as well as on air quality in Tehran.
Materials and methods: Daily data of confirmed COVID-19 cases, suspected COVID-19 cases, mortality COVID-19 cases, air pollutants concentration and meteorological variables were obtained from 26 February, 2020 to 5August, 2020 in Tehran megacity and data were compared during the period’s implementation /non-implementation of traffic plan in Tehran.
Results: Our results showed that the non-implementation of traffic plan has been effective in reducing the number of daily confirmed cases, suspected cases and mortality by COVID-19. Also, the average concentration of PM10, PM2.5, NO2 , O3 , SO2 and CO have reduced significantly during nonimplementation traffic plan phase.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that there is a significant association between non-implementation traffic plan and reduce risk of COVID-19 infection.
Health effects of air pollution in the aftermath of earthquake
Authors: Moslehi Shandiz , Seyedin Hesam , Dowlati Mohsen , Sakhaei Fazeleh Sadat
Published: February 2021

Natural disasters are always among the main problems and challenges facing societies. Earthquakes had many adverse effects on human life, causing mortality, morbidity, and economical, psychological, and environmental damages. Tehran is one of the most vulnerable regions for disasters, especially earthquake due. In recent decades, ambient air pollution represents one of the most environmental risks to health in Tehran. One of the main factors increasing the concentration of air pollutants is vehicles. After the earthquake, people left their homes and stayed into their cars until morning. Therefore, due to the pollution caused by leaving the cars on, the concentration of pollutants increased and the caused a greater number of deaths attributed to air pollution.
First Congress of Soviets of the Don Soviet Republic in the Context of the All-Russian Domestic and Foreign Policy Program
Authors: Sakhranov Viktor R.
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the process of sovietization of the Don region in 1917-1918 as an integral part of the socio-political processes that took place in Russia at that time, namely, the place and role of the First Congress of Soviets of the Don Soviet Republic on April 9-14, 1918 in the context of the all-Russian domestic and foreign policy program. The article describes in detail the mutual influence of processes that took place at the national and regional levels. The purpose of the article is to review and analyze the most important constituent event in the sovietization of the Don region, which is of high significance in the conditions of the Civil war and military intervention by Germany. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the consideration of regional events in an integral connection with the processes that took place at the national level. The study puts forward questions such as the place and role of national measures and events in the preparation and holding of First Congress of Soviets of the Don region, the effect of the danger of German invasion into the territory of the Don Soviet Republic, the relation of the Don to the leadership of the Brest peace Treaty and others. As a result of the research, it was possible to conclude that the fact of holding First Congress of Soviets of the Don Soviet Republic met the goals of the all-Russian foreign and domestic policy.
Optimization of preoperative verification of isolated middle ear abnormalities using virtual ct endoscopy
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Anikin I. A. , Astashchenko S. V. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Komarov M. V. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Il’in S. N. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, Goncharov O. I. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia
Published: February 2021

Isolated anomalies of the middle ear are one of the most difficult areas of practical otorhinolaryngology. Its relevance is due to the rare occurrence, high technical complexity of performing surgical treatment, and the high frequency of unsatisfactory results of surgical interventions. One of the most important factors determining the success of medical actions is high-quality X-ray imaging at the diagnostic stage. It allows you to correctly assess the anatomical features of the temporal bone and plan the tactics of the surgeon. Over the past few years, new technological possibilities have been introduced for the imaging of the ear. Over the past several decades, multispiral computed tomography has been the gold standard of radiation research used in otosurgery. This study has established itself as an informative method for diagnosing middle ear pathology and should be used before planning surgical interventions, as well as a monitoring tool in the postoperative period and for assessing the course of middle ear diseases. With the development of computer-mathematical technologies, over time, it became possible to model the result in three-dimensional space on the basis of axial projection, which led to the emergence of a branch of radiation diagnostics, called virtual CT endoscopy. The work evaluates the specificity of virtual CT endoscopy performed at the preoperative stage in patients with isolated anomalies of the ossicle chain with intact stapes, in terms of diagnosing the continuity of the ossicle chain, changes in their configuration and adhesions with the surrounding bone structures. A comparative analysis of the specificity of standard two-dimensional computed tomography and virtual CT endoscopy was performed, where explorative tympanotomy was used as test results in 43 patients. The advantages of virtual CT endoscopy in visualization of minor defects in the structures of the tympanic cavity were revealed. The importance of virtual CT endoscopy in measuring the tympanic cavity in arbitrary planes was determined. In addition to the above, virtual endoscopy opens up new possibilities for measuring the anatomical structures of the middle ear in arbitrary planes, which makes it possible, for example, to calculate the length of the prosthesis intended for use as plasty of the ossicular chain before surgery.
Effectiveness of using electromagnetic navigation system in surgical treatment of temporal bone tumors
Authors:   National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal Medico-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 123182, Russia, Diab Kh. M. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University,  Moscow, 117197, Russia, Daikhes N. A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal Medico-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 123182, Russia,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University,  Moscow, 117197, Russia, Pashchinina O. A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal Medico-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 123182, Russia, Akhmedov Sh. M. ,   National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal Medico-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 123182, Russia, Korobkin A. S. ,   National Medical Research Center of Otorhinolaryngology of the FMBA of Russia,  Moscow, 123182, Russia, Kuyan Yu. S. ,   National Medical Research Center of Otorhinolaryngology of the FMBA of Russia,  Moscow, 123182, Russia, Rakhmatullaev M. Sh. ,   National Medical Research Center of Otorhinolaryngology of the FMBA of Russia,  Moscow, 123182, Russia, Bakaev A. A. ,   National Medical Research Center of Otorhinolaryngology of the FMBA of Russia,  Moscow, 123182, Russia
Published: February 2021

Purpose of the work: Increasing the efficiency of surgical treatment of patients with destructive pathology of the temporal bones through intraoperative use of an electromagnetic navigation system. The article showed the results of using the electromagnetic navigation system for surgical treatment of patients with temporal bone paraganglioma types B and C, facial neuromas and chronic otitis media with an unfavourable form in which radical mastoidectomy was previously performed. The features of preoperative preparation for surgical treatment of patients, surgical approaches (retrofacial, infratemporal, transcochlear) are described. For retrofacial access, the reference points were: a horizontal semicircular canal, the bone wall of the internal carotid artery and the jugular vein bulb. For infratemporal access, the reference points were the wall of the carotid artery, the jugular vein bulb and the internal auditory meatus. For transcochlear access, the carotid artery wall, jugular fossa and internal auditory meatus are considered landmarks. The use of the navigation system made it possible to navigate the complex anatomy during the operation and avoid injury to vital structures (internal carotid artery canal, jugular vein bulb, semicircular canals, facial nerve). The need to use navigation systems especially increases with anomalies in the development of the ear and when the boundaries between anatomical structures are destroyed by an inflammatory process or a neoplasm.
Pure-tone audiometry using portable screening system in groups of students
Authors:   Research Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health of the Central Clinical Hospital  of the Russian Academy of Sciences,  Moscow, 117593, Russia, Pashkov A. V. , Naumova I. V. ,   Research Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health of the Central Clinical Hospital  of the Russian Academy of Sciences,  Moscow, 117593, Russia, Namazova-Baranova L. S. ,   Research Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health of the Central Clinical Hospital  of the Russian Academy of Sciences,  Moscow, 117593, Russia,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University,  Moscow, 117997, Russia,   Belgorod State University,  Belgorod, 308015, Russia, Zelenkova I. V. ,   Research Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health of the Central Clinical Hospital  of the Russian Academy of Sciences,  Moscow, 117593, Russia, Klyachko D. S. ,   Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech,  Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia
Published: February 2021

Background: according to WHO estimates, there are more than 466 million (over 6% of the population) with hearing impairments in the world. The limited availability of specialized audiological equipment, as well as the routing of such patients, complicates early diagnosis, which can negatively affect the results of treatment and rehabilitation. Devices (complexes) of automatic audiometry demonstrate the possibility of obtaining results comparable to the data of the pure tone audiogram. The study presents the results of approbation of the hardware and software complex «Colibri», which was developed to control and analyze the health parameters in students of general educational institutions, as well as educational institutions that carry out educational activities according to the adapted basic general educational programs. Objective: to determine the correlation of the thresholds of sound perception, identified by screening audiometry with the values of the pure tone audiometry in a group of normally hearing schoolchildren. Study design: a comparison was made of the behavioral thresholds of sound perception obtained using screening audiometry with the values of the pure tone audiometry threshold in 35 normally hearing students. Conclusion: further study of the technique is required to create a test protocol with the aim of possible use for identifying persons with possible hearing impairment. The use of such a system does not require the participation of a specialist - an audiologist, which makes it possible to carry out screening tests outside the hospital, subject to the technical (acoustic) requirements.
ENT trauma in children: causes, frequency and characteristics in different periods of childhood
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University,  Moscow, 117997, Russia, Radtsig E. Yu. , Evsikova M. M. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University,  Moscow, 117997, Russia, Varavina M. A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University,  Moscow, 117997, Russia
Published: February 2021

Numerous injuries (and their treatment) have been encountered since the very beginning of the development of human civilization and remain one of the most significant problems in our time, since the frequency of injuries in general (and of ENT organs in particular) does not tend to decrease either in children or adults. ENT injuries are in fourth place in terms of emergency appeal rates. The most common injury to the maxillofacial area is a fracture of the skeleton of the nose. The article presents data on the frequency of occurrence of this pathology and describes the features of the causes that caused it in different periods of childhood, presents an algorithm for managing patients. The role of homeopathic arnica-containing remedies (Arnigel®) in the conservative treatment of reactive post-traumatic events from the soft tissues of the external nose is shown.
The Fantastic as the Unconcealment of Truth in Debora Vogel’s Work
Authors: Lyubas Anastasiya
Published: February 2021

This essay examines the notion of the fantastic in Debora Vogel’s work. I argue that the fantastic for Vogel is simultaneously a novel artistic form and a form of life, as well as a singular use of language; it is both a “trait” of modernity and thinking of modernity. The fantastic is analyzed as a key term in the author’s understanding of modern design of space and objects through discussions of “Dwelling in its Psychic and Social Function” (1932), the critic’s essay on lived space. I demonstrate that Vogel’s reflections and theorizing of the fantastic are not necessarily aimed at the development of pure theory and concepts but rather at the performance of the fantastic in the author’s own theory-praxis through the lens of Vogel’s essay on poetics, “White Words in Poetry” (1930). The essay discusses various types of the fantastic which finds itself between matter-of-factness and phantasm: the fantastic of ingenuity, the fantastic of asymmetry, the fantastic of color, and the fantastic of simplicity. All of these different types set forth the unconcealment of truth.
O bezpieczeństwie ekonomicznym i dyrektywie Solvency II
Authors: Klonowska Alina
Published: February 2021

Celem artykułu jest ocena bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego państw Unii Europejskiej w odniesieniu do pandemii COVID-19 i przedstawienie dyrektywy Solvency II w roli narzędzia wspierającego władze państw Wspólnoty w dążeniu do zachowania bezpieczeństwa ekonomicznego.
Hipoteza: złagodzenie reżimu regulacyjnego dyrektywy Solvency II sprzyja poprawie sytuacji ekonomicznej państw Unii Europejskiej.
Metoda: badania przeprowadzono na podstawie przeglądu literatury przedmiotu, a także analizy danych pochodzących z raportów Insurance Europe, OECD oraz Komisji Europejskiej.
Rezultaty: z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że istnieją merytoryczne przesłanki uzasadniające konieczność wprowadzenia zmian w dyrektywie Solvency II na rzecz wspierania sytuacji ekonomicznej państw. Pandemia COVID-19 przyczyniła się do drastycznej zmiany warunków ekonomicznych, a złagodzenie zapisów dyrektywy może korzystnie wpłynąć na sytuację ekonomiczną państw Wspólnoty, jednak decyzja o zmianie dyrektywy należy do władz europejskich.
Udział kosztów działalności ubezpieczeniowej w składce zakładów działu II w Polsce
Authors: Szymańska Anna
Published: February 2021

Koszty działalności ubezpieczeniowej w sprawozdawczości finansowej przedsiębiorstw ubezpieczeniowych zaliczane są do kosztów technicznych, które stanowią ponad 90% kosztów ubezpieczycieli. Koszty te z jednej strony są jednym z czynników wpływających na wysokość składki ubezpieczeniowej, a z drugiej strony oddziaływają na wynik finansowy ubezpieczyciela. W pracy poddano analizie koszty działalności ubezpieczeniowej zakładów ubezpieczeń Działu II w latach 2009–2018. Analizę przeprowadzono na podstawie danych PIU. Wyznaczono statystyczne normy rynkowe wskaźników kosztów: działalności ubezpieczeniowej, administracyjnych oraz akwizycji. Porównano zmiany wyznaczonych norm w roku 2018 w odniesieniu do roku 2009. Oceniono obciążenie składki ubezpieczeniowej badanymi kosztami.
Models of Moisture Sorption Isotherm and The Estimation of Red Ginger Powder Shelf Life in Various Packaging Materials
Authors: Juliana Riska , Hasbullah Rokhani , Mardjan Sutrisno Suro
Published: February 2021

Abstract

In the processing, the red ginger powder was dried at 50°C. Red ginger powder is hygroscopic, so it is easy to absorb moisture. This research aims to determine (i) the isothermic absorption curve model in red ginger powder with different fineness modulus and (ii) the expiration date using the critical moisture content method in various types of packaging materials. Moisture sorption isotherm of red ginger powder was determined by the static gravimetric method at 300C. The relationship equilibrium moisture content between relative humidity (RH) is described by the Hasley, Chen-Clayton, Henderson, Caurie, and Oswin Models. The Estimated shelf life is determined using the ASLT (accelerated shelf-life testing) method and calculated using the Labuza model with a critical water content approach. The results obtained that moisture sorption isotherm red ginger powder has sigmoid shape a type II. Henderson is the model that illustrates the accuracy of the ISA curve of red ginger powder of 60 mesh particle size while the Chen-Clayton Model illustrates the accuracy of the ISA curve of red ginger powder of particle size of 80 mesh. The shelf life of red ginger powder is 60 mesh particle size and using HDPE, PP, and aluminum foil packaging which is stored at 75% RH and 300C temperature is 118.85 days, 467.63, and 609.26 days, respectively. The shelf life of red ginger powder 80 particle size is 148.17 days, 582.98 days and 759.54 days.
PENGARUH PRE-TREATMENT DALAM PROSES CURING DAN SUHU PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP MUTU DAN MASA DORMANSI BENIH BAWANG PUTIH
Authors: Siahaan Sandro Pangidoan , Hidayat Tatang , Intan Kailaku Sari , Bin Arif Abdullah
Published: February 2021

Bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) merupakan komoditas sayuran yang penting bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Bawang putih merupakan salah satu produk hortikultura yang memiliki sifat mudah rusak bila tidak ditangani dengan tepat, baik dalam tahapan curing maupun penyimpanan. Masa dormansi juga merupakan salah satu kendala dalam penyediaan benih bawang putih karena masa dormansi umbi relatif lama. Dormansi bawang putih dapat dikendalikan oleh suhu dan lama penyimpanannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan rekomendasi teknologi pascapanen tentang proses curing, pengaruh suhu dan lama penyimpanan untuk mempercepat pematahan dormansi benih bawang putih dengan daya tumbuh tinggi. Proses curing bawang putih pada instore dryer yang dilakukan dengan memotong daun (± 10 cm dari pangkal umbi) memerlukan waktu curing yang lebih singkat (6 hari) dibandingkan dengan bawang putih brangkasan (8 hari). Penyimpanan bawang putih untuk benih pada suhu rendah (12-14oC) menghasilkan persentase kerusakan umbi (busuk dan hampa) yang lebih rendah daripada suhu tinggi (38-42oC) dan suhu ruang (28-30oC) setelah penyimpanan selama 12 minggu. Penyimpanan dengan cara memotong daun bawang putih menghasilkan persentase kerusakan umbi (busuk dan hampa) yang lebih rendah dibandingkan brangkasan. Penyimpanan benih bawang putih pada suhu rendah (12-14oC) menghasilkan daya tumbuh yang lebih tinggi daripada suhu ruang (28-30oC) dan suhu tinggi (38-42oC) baik pada benih yang dipotong daunnya maupun brangkasan.
Migration Crisis: Concept and Criteria
Authors: Ryazantsev Sergey V.
Published: February 2021

The article examines the concept of “migration crisis” in the context of other types of crises (economic, demographic, financial and others). The author gives a definition of the migration crisis in a narrow and broad context. The scientific literature was dominated by the approach to understanding the migration crisis through the prism of the migration situation in 2015-2016 in Europe, which was due to the massive influx of refugees and economic migrants from the Middle East, South Asia and Africa to the countries of the European Union. It is proposed that the migration crisis should also be considered for countries with a massive outflow of migrants. The study identifies the criteria for migration crises, including migration inflow (outflow) of the population in a relatively short period; ineffectiveness of traditional instruments of migration policy; activation of informal actors of the migration market, which fill the gaps of ineffective actions of supranational and state structures; the impossibility of using traditional schemes for analyzing and understanding migration flows in a situation of a migration crisis; devaluation of human life. The author notes that the main reasons provoking migration crises are such extraordinary events of a geopolitical and environmental nature as civil war, external invasion, armed conflicts, ethnic cleansing, environmental disasters, accidents, and economic crises can be the reasons for the massive outflow of the population from the country, catastrophic growth in unemployment, political pressure, persecution on ethnic, religious and sexual grounds. The article outlines the socio-economic and demographic consequences of migration crises for countries of destination and destination of migrants in the short and medium term.
Migration Trajectories of Russian-Speaking Workers in the Tourism Sector of Nha Trang (Vietnam)
Authors: Ohashi Kenichi
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explore an aspect of the structural mechanism of Nha Trang as a post-Soviet space by investigating the migratory trajectories of Russian-speakers working in the tourism sector of Nha Trang. Based upon the case studies of Russian-speaking workers, this paper unraveled transnational composition of the social space mediated by the Russian language as cultural capital, and showed importance of tourism economy for the transnational mobility of Russian-speakers. The complex social and political contexts that have been generated historically from the relationships between Vietnam and Russia or the former USSR produced Russian-speaking tourism economy and tourist enclave in Nha Trang, and Nha Trang became a node of mobility for Russian-speakers who have various forms of mobility that go beyond the static conceptual frameworks of “tourism” and “migration”. This paper examines the linkage between tourism and migration and educes the multiple intermediate forms of human mobility in order to promote a deepr understanding of the process of the emergence of Russian speaking tourism economy in Nha Trang, which has been rapidly developed in the last decade, from the social and political contexts.
Policies to Increase Calves Production in East Nusa Tenggara as a National Production Center
Authors: Lole Ulrikus Romsen , Keban Arnoldus
Published: February 2021

The determinant factors of the growth of calf cattle production in NTT Province (both technical/technological, economic, socio-cultural, investment, and related institutions) have not been specifically identified and measured. This is very important for the purpose of formulating and implementing related policies. The objectives of this study were to analyze the main factors affecting the level of calf production, and to formulate policy interventions to increase calf production. A research survey was carried out on parties related to the planning and development of cattle business. The quantitative approach is in the form of regression analysis of time series data. The economic phenomenon of calf production in Kupang Regency has been simplified into a mathematical model (response function). The result reported that the estimated value of the parameters in the total calf production equation model in NTT was: TPRAS= – 20434.1 + 0.2262 LTTSIP* – 0.0032 TLPRAns + 0.2147 TLLTP* + 0.1036 TPTRU* + 0.1877 TRKUT** + 0.2067TRDIB** + 0.1057 TRDVT** + 0.3647 LTPRAS* + 811.7645 TREND**. In conclusionl, the increased production of calves was dependent on the increase in support for the main production factors [number of productive cows, number of farmers, amount of feed, and amount of cement/vaccine] adequatly. Policy investment (through interest rates and realization farming loans), policy of productive cows control (through postponement of slaughter and the provision cash incentives), and policy of technology support (through realization AI doses of semen and livestock vaccines) significantly affect to production of calves.
Concentration of Partial VFA and Methane Production of Beef Cattle Rument Fluid which Red Dragon Fruit Skin (Hylocereus costaricensis) and Guava Leaf (Psidium guajava L.) in Ammoniated Rice Straw Based Ration
Authors: Nur Rahmat Aziz , Suryapratama Wardhana , Maria Suhartati Fransisca
Published: February 2021

The research aimed to examine the effect of red dragon fruit skin and guava leaves supplemented into beef cattle feed on the concentration of partial VFA and methane gas production. The in vitro study was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments, namely P0: 50 % concentrate + 50 % ammoniated straw (Control), P1: 50 % concentrate + 50 % ammoniated straw + 5 % red dragon fruit skin flour, and P2: 50 % concentrate + 50 % ammonia straw + 5 % red dragon fruit  skin flour + 2.5 % guava leaf flour. The concentrate consisted of 2 parts of rice bran and 1 part of coconut meal. The ratio of concentrat and ammoniated rice straw was 50:50. Each treatment was repeated 6 times. The results showed that the concentration of acetic acid, butyrate and methane gas decreased while the concentration of propionate increased with the addition of red dragon fruit and guava leaves. The research concluded that the addition of 5 % red dragon fruit skin flour combined with 2.5 % guava leaves flour in beef cattle feed could further reduce the concentration of acetic acid, butyric acid and the production of methane gas, but increase the concentration of propionic acid. It is suggested that defaunated agents of red dragon fruit skin and guava leaves could reduce the production of methane gas in the rumen of beef cattle.
Rainbow Lorikeets apparently harvesting orange fungal spores from the underside of willow leaves
Authors:   Zoology, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia., Ford Hugh
Published: February 2021

The diet of Rainbow Lorikeets Trichoglossus moluccanus consists largely of nectar and pollen, with some fruit, leaf buds, bark and insects and, more recently, meat provided at bird-feeders. Here, I describe an instance of Rainbow Lorikeets apparently harvesting fungal spores from the underside of leaves of Weeping Willow Salix babylonica, a food item not previously recorded.
The perinatal period as a window of opportunity for preventing childhood obesity
Authors:   D.O.Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Evsyukova I.I. , Ukraintsev S.E. ,   Nestle Russia LLC, Moscow, Russian Federation, Makarova E.G. ,   I.I.Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

The review substantiates the understanding of the absence of melatonin production with a circadian rhythm in pregnant women associated with certain pathologies (obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, gestosis of pregnancy, chronic placental insufficiency, etc.) and its role in the genesis of metabolic dysregulation in childhood and programming of health problems later in life. A new approach to assessing the risks of obesity and development of methods of its prevention in children, who did not receive maternal melatonin has been determined, with special attention to an individual selection of a milk formula that is optimally close to the breast milk composition. Key words: obesity, newborn, melatonin, circadian rhythm, breast milk, human milk oligosaccharides
Biliary pain in the structure of episodes of right upper abdominal pain
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Shulpekova Yu.O. , Nechaev V.M. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Ivashkin V.T. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

Acute or recurrent pain in the right upper part of the abdomen is a common cause for visits to physicians. Not less than two thirds of episodes of pain in this area are conditioned by biliary colic and acute cholecystitis. Other most common causes include diseases of the liver, pancreas, prepyloric and pyloric parts of the stomach and the beginning portion of the small intestine, the right kidney, and also subhepatic appendicitis. Some cases of developing pain are associated with the right lung affection and involvement of the diaphragmatic pleura, with heart diseases, involvement of the locomotor system and nerves. Taking into account a high prevalence of cholelithiasis in Russia – around 10–12% – we can conclude that episodes of biliary colic develop every year in 1 of 500–1000 individuals. In Russia, approximately half a million cholecystectomies are performed annually. The prevalence of gall stones among the paediatric population amounts to 2%. As distinct from adults, who in 80% of cases have an asymptomatic course of disease, pain episodes in children manifest themselves in 60–67% of cases. The diiagnosis of acute cholecystitis might meet with considerable difficulties; a scale for assessment of the likelihood of acute cholecystitis has been developed. Unlike in adults, in children a significantly large proportion of cases occur due to acalculous cholecystitis. Differentiating the causes of pain might be difficult, therefore, its character and concomitant symptoms should be thoroughly analysed, and the findings of additional examinations should also be taken into consideration (at the first step – assessment of haematological and biochemical parameters, urinalysis, electrocardiogram and abdominal ultrasonography). Key words: right upper abdominal pain, biliary colic, biliary dyskinesia, cholelithiasis
Infectious masks of skin diseases in children
Authors:   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Botkina A.S. , Dubrovskaya M.I. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the diagnostic difficulties and the problems of differential diagnosis of various dermatoses. We describe our own clinical observations of juvenile-onset Behcet’s disease in a 16-year-old adolescent and acrodermatitis enteropathica in a 12-month-old girl. A competent differential diagnosis and adequate therapy made it possible to obtain a complete clinical remission of these diseases. Key words: rash, infections, children, Behcet’s disease, acrodermatitis enteropathica, clinical case
Labour migration in Central Asia. Economic factors of influence
Authors:   University of Economics in Bratislava, Lipkova Ľudmila , Brockova Katarina ,   University of Economics in Bratislava, Baleha Andrianna ,   University of Economics in Bratislava
Published: February 2021

The main hypothesis of our research is: low wages, low GDP per capita, and high unemployment are push motives for labour migration in Central Asia. By analyzing the available statistics, we did not find a correlation between these economic indicators and the number of labour emigrants. Also, a comparative analysis of the development trend of personal remittances of labour migrants and the dependence of the economy of Central Asian countries on these remittances was carried out. It is determined that the economies of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan are 30% dependent on the remittances of labour migrants, which in the World Bank rating for this indicator raises them to the first positions among other countries of the world.
Health Care Professionals’ Perspectives on Screening and Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Public Hospitals of South India – a Qualitative Study
Authors: Sahu Biswamitra , Babu Giridhara R , Gurav Kaveri Siddappa , Karthik Maithili , Deepa R , Lobo Eunice , John Daisy A , Oakley Laura , Oteng-Ntim E , Nadal Iliatha Papachristou , Kinra Sanjay
Published: February 2021

Background
Women developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) have a higher risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes later in life. We aimed to explore the perspectives of healthcare providers regarding the barriers from the health system context that restrict the timely screening and effective management of GDM.

Methods
We conducted six in-depth interviews of health care providers- four with nurses and two with obstetricians in the public hospitals in India's major city (Bengaluru). The interviews were conducted in the preferred language of the participants ( Kannada for nurses, English for the obstetricians), and audio-recorded. All Kannada interviews were transcribed and translated into English for analysis. The primary data were analyzed using grounded theory approach by NVivo 12 plus. The findings are put into perspective using the socio-ecological model.

Results
Health care providers identified delayed visits to public hospitals and stress on household-level responsibilities as barriers at the individual level for GDM screening. Also, migration of pregnant women to natal home during first pregnancy is a cultural barrier in addition to health system barriers such as unmet nurse training needs, long waiting hours, uneven power dynamics, lack of follow-up, resource scarcity, and lack of supportive oversight. The barriers for GDM management included non-reporting women to follow - up visits, irregular self-monitoring of drug and blood sugar, trained staff shortage, ineffective tracking, and lack of standardized protocol.

Conclusion
There is a pressing need to develop and improve existing GDM Screening and Management services to tackle the growing burden of GDM in public hospitals of India.
Insertion of PATC-rich C. elegans introns into synthetic transgenes by golden-gate-based cloning
Authors: Frøkjær-Jensen Christian
Published: February 2021

Transgenes are particularly prone to epigenetic silencing in the C. elegans germline. Here, we describe a protocol to insert introns containing a class of non-coding DNA named Periodic An/Tn Clusters (PATCs) into synthetic transgenes. PATCs can protect transgenes from position-dependent silencing (Position Effect Variegation, PEV) and from silencing in simple extra-chromosomal arrays. Using a set of simple design rules, it is possible to routinely insert up to three PATC-rich introns into a synthetic transgene in a single reaction.
Alginate-Amphothericin B Nanocomplexes Covered By Nanocrystals From Bacterial Cellulose: Physico-Chemical Characterization And In Vitro Toxicity
Authors: Soeiro Victória Soares , Silva-Carvalho Ricardo , Martins Daniela , Parpot Pier , Grotto Denise , Chaud Marco Vinicius , Gama Francisco Miguel Portela , Jozala Angela
Published: February 2021

Amphotericin B (AmB) is a drug with anti-leishmanial and anti-fungal ability, but it has low water solubility and permeability, limiting its therapeutic use. Therefore, the incorporation of AmB into nanostructured systems could be profit. Nanostructured systems without surfactants have pharmacotechnical advantages such as amplify the water solubility and decrease the toxicity. For this reason, the present study aimed to produce a nanocomplex of alginate (Alg) with AmB covered by NCC in order to decrease the toxicity of AmB. This straightforward process allowed to obtain water soluble particles Furthermore, the ionic adsorption of the NCC into the Alg-AmB nanocomplex surface was confirmed by an increase in the particle size and a small surface charge decrease. The amorphous inclusion of AmB complex into the polysaccharide chain network in both formulations. AmB in the nanocomplexes was in supper-aggregated form and showed good biocompatibility, being significantly less cytotoxic in vitro against kidney cells and significantly less hemolytic compared to the free-drug. The results indicated the Alg-AmB nanocomplex can be considered a non-toxic alternative to improve the AmB therapeutic effect. Furthermore, NCC coating of the nanocomplexes brought additional protection to the system without compromised the advantages attributed to the developed formulation.
Inducing Secondary Metabolite Production of Aspergillus Sydowii Through Microbial Co-culture With Bacillus Subtilis
Authors: Sun Yu , Liu Wen-Cai , Shi Xuan , Zheng Hai-Zhou , Zheng Zhi-Hui , Lu Xin-Hua , Xing Yan , Ji Kai , Liu Mei , Dong Yue-Sheng
Published: February 2021

Background: The co-culture strategy which mimics natural ecology by constructing an artificial microbial community is a useful tool to activate the biosynthetic gene clusters to generate new metabolites. However, the conventional method to study the co-culture is to isolate and purify compounds separated by HPLC, which was inefficient and time-consuming. Furthermore, the overall changes in the metabolite profile cannot be well characterized. Results: A new approach which integrates computational programs, MS-DIAL, MS-FINDER and web-based tools including GNPS and MetaboAnalyst, was developed to analyze and identify the metabolites of the co-culture of Aspergillus sydowii and Bacillus subtilis. A total of 25 new bio-synthesized metabolites were detected only in co-culture. The structures of the new synthesized metabolites were elucidated, four of which were identified as novel compounds by the new approach. The accuracy of the new approach was confirmed by purification and NMR data analysis of 7 new-bio-synthesized metabolites. The bioassay of new synthesized metabolites showed that four of the compounds had different degrees of PTP1b inhibitory activity, and compound N2 had the strongest inhibition activity with an IC50 value of 7.967 μM. Conclusions: Co-culture led to global changes of the metabolite profile and is an effective way to induce the biosynthesis of novel natural products. The new approach in this study is one of the effective and relatively accurate methods to characterize the change of metabolite profiles and to identify novel compounds in co-culture systems.