bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the mystery of colon cancer from the perspective of molecular subtypes and treatment
Authors: Lu Wenhong , Wang Qiwei , Liu Lifang , Luo Wenpeng
Published: May 2024

The molecular categorization of colon cancer patients remains elusive. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), which investigates the dysregulated genes among tumor and normal samples, has revealed the pivotal role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colon cancer pathogenesis. In this study, we employed multi-clustering method for grouping data, resulting in the identification of two clusters characterized by varying prognostic outcomes. These two subgroups not only displayed disparities in overall survival (OS) but also manifested variations in clinical variables, genetic mutation, and gene expression profiles. Using the nearest template prediction (NTP) method, we were able to replicate the molecular classification effectively within the original dataset and validated it across multiple independent datasets, underscoring its robust repeatability. Furthermore, we constructed two prognostic signatures tailored to each of these subgroups. Our molecular classification, centered on EMT, hold promise in offering fresh insights into the therapy strategies and prognosis assessment for colon cancer.
The impact of regional sports industry aggregation on residents’ health level in China
Authors: Luo Min , Chen Lingming
Published: May 2024

Health is the basis for human survival and development and is an important symbol to evaluate a country's economic growth and social progress. This article measures the degree of sports industry agglomeration in different regions of China and uses the Moran index to verify the existence of global autocorrelation in sports agglomeration. Next, the spatial Durbin model was used to verify the spatial spillover effect of sports industry agglomeration on the health level of residents, and the following conclusions were obtained.Firstly, there is spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity in the clustering level of China's sports industry. The spatial distribution is extremely uneven, and different regions have formed relatively stable spatial patterns. Secondly, the degree of aggregation of the sports industry can reduce the number of per capita visits and have a positive spatial spillover effect on the health of residents. Not only can it promote the health level of residents in the province, but it also has spatial spillover effects on surrounding areas.Finally, based on the research results, the following conclusions are proposed in this article. Policy recommendations include increasing investment in sports talent cultivation, accelerating the construction of sports center cities, and increasing residents' attention to sports to improve residents' health.
Enhancing cervical cancer detection and robust classification through a fusion of deep learning models
Authors: Mathivanan Sandeep Kumar , Francis Divya , Srinivasan Saravanan , Khatavkar Vaibhav , P Karthikeyan , Shah Mohd Asif
Published: May 2024

Cervical cancer, the second most prevalent cancer affecting women, arises from abnormal cell growth in the cervix, a crucial anatomical structure within the uterus. The significance of early detection cannot be overstated, prompting the use of various screening methods such as Pap smears, colposcopy, and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) testing to identify potential risks and initiate timely intervention. These screening procedures encompass visual inspections, Pap smears, colposcopies, biopsies, and HPV-DNA testing, each demanding the specialized knowledge and skills of experienced physicians and pathologists due to the inherently subjective nature of cancer diagnosis. In response to the imperative for efficient and intelligent screening, this article introduces a groundbreaking methodology that leverages pre-trained deep neural network models, including Alexnet, Resnet-101, Resnet-152, and InceptionV3, for feature extraction. The fine-tuning of these models is accompanied by the integration of diverse machine learning algorithms, with ResNet152 showcasing exceptional performance, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 98.08%. It is noteworthy that the SIPaKMeD dataset, publicly accessible and utilized in this study, contributes to the transparency and reproducibility of our findings. The proposed hybrid methodology combines aspects of DL and ML for cervical cancer classification. Most intricate and complicated features from images can be extracted through DL. Further various ML algorithms can be implemented on extracted features. This innovative approach not only holds promise for significantly improving cervical cancer detection but also underscores the transformative potential of intelligent automation within the realm of medical diagnostics, paving the way for more accurate and timely interventions.
Rapid seagrass meadow expansion in an Indian Ocean bright spot
Authors: Floyd Matthew , East Holly K. , Traganos Dimosthenis , Musthag Azim , Guest James , Hashim Aminath S. , Evans Vivienne , Helber Stephanie , Unsworth Richard K. F. , Suggitt Andrew J.
Published: May 2024

The areal extent of seagrass meadows is in rapid global decline, yet they provide highly valuable societal benefits. However, their conservation is hindered by data gaps on current and historic spatial extents. Here, we outline an approach for national-scale seagrass mapping and monitoring using an open-source platform (Google Earth Engine) and freely available satellite data (Landsat, Sentinel-2) that can be readily applied in other countries globally. Specifically, we map contemporary (2021) and historical (2000–2021; n = 10 maps) shallow water seagrass extent across the Maldives. We found contemporary Maldivian seagrass extent was ~ 105 km2 (overall accuracy = 82.04%) and, notably, that seagrass area increased threefold between 2000 and 2021 (linear model, + 4.6 km2 year−1, r2 = 0.93, p < 0.001). There was a strongly significant association between seagrass and anthropogenic activity (p < 0.001) that we hypothesize to be driven by nutrient loading and/or altered sediment dynamics (from large scale land reclamation), which would represent a beneficial anthropogenic influence on Maldivian seagrass meadows. National-scale tropical seagrass expansion is unique against the backdrop of global seagrass decline and we therefore highlight the Maldives as a rare global seagrass ‘bright spot’ highly worthy of increased attention across scientific, commercial, and conservation policy contexts.
Dark Tetrad personality traits, paraphilic interests, and the role of impulsivity: an EEG-study using a Go/No-Go paradigm
Authors: Lassche Maria M. , Lasogga Luca , de Roos Melissa S. , Leeflang Amber , Ajazi Vanesa , Axioti Magda , Rassin Eric , van Dongen Josanne D. M.
Published: May 2024

Maladaptive personality traits, such as ‘dark personalities’ are found to result in a diverse set of negative outcomes, including paraphilic interests and associated (illegal) behaviors. It is however unclear how these are exactly related, and if related, if then only those individuals higher on dark personality traits and higher impulsivity engage in paraphilic behaviors. In the current study, 50 participants were recruited to investigate the relationship between Dark Tetrad personality traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism and everyday sadism), paraphilic interests (arousal and behavior) and the moderating role of impulsivity. Personality and paraphilic interests were investigated through self-report questionnaires. Impulsivity was measured both through self-reported dysfunctional impulsivity and the P3 event related potential using electroencephalography during the Go/No-Go task (i.e. response inhibition). The results showed that there was a positive association between psychopathy, sadism and paraphilic interests. Whereas everyday sadism was associated with paraphilic (self-reported) arousal, psychopathy was associated with paraphilic behavior. Although P3 amplitude was not associated with paraphilic interests, self-reported dysfunctional impulsivity was associated with paraphilic behavior specifically. However, there was no moderating role of dysfunctional impulsivity and response inhibition (P3) in the relationship between psychopathy and paraphilic behavior. Findings indicate that the relation between specific dark personalities and paraphilic interests may be more complex than initially thought. Nevertheless, risk assessment and intervention approaches for paraphilia and related behavior both may benefit from incorporating Dark Tetrad and impulsivity measurements.
Astroglial connexin 43 is a novel therapeutic target for chronic multiple sclerosis model
Authors: Takase Ezgi Ozdemir , Yamasaki Ryo , Nagata Satoshi , Watanabe Mitsuru , Masaki Katsuhisa , Yamaguchi Hiroo , Kira Jun-ichi , Takeuchi Hideyuki , Isobe Noriko
Published: May 2024

In chronic stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), connexin (Cx)43 gap junction channel proteins are overexpressed because of astrogliosis. To elucidate the role of increased Cx43, the central nervous system (CNS)-permeable Cx blocker INI-0602 was therapeutically administered. C57BL6 mice with chronic EAE initiated by MOG35-55 received INI-0602 (40 mg/kg) or saline intraperitoneally every other day from days post-immunization (dpi) 17–50. Primary astroglia were employed to observe calcein efflux responses. In INI-0602-treated mice, EAE clinical signs improved significantly in the chronic phase, with reduced demyelination and decreased CD3+ T cells, Iba-1+ and F4/80+ microglia/macrophages, and C3+GFAP+ reactive astroglia infiltration in spinal cord lesions. Flow cytometry analysis of CD4+ T cells from CNS tissues revealed significantly reduced Th17 and Th17/Th1 cells (dpi 24) and Th1 cells (dpi 50). Multiplex array of cerebrospinal fluid showed significantly suppressed IL-6 and significantly increased IL-10 on dpi 24 in INI-0602-treated mice, and significantly suppressed IFN-γ and MCP-1 on dpi 50 in the same group. In vitro INI-0602 treatment inhibited ATP-induced calcium propagations of Cx43+/+ astroglial cells to similar levels of those of Cx43−/− cells. Astroglial Cx43 hemichannels represent a novel therapeutic target for chronic EAE and MS.
Efficient hepatocyte differentiation of primary human hepatocyte-derived organoids using three dimensional nanofibers (HYDROX) and their possible application in hepatotoxicity research
Authors: Tong Yanran , Ueyama-Toba Yukiko , Yokota Jumpei , Matsui Hayato , Kanai Masaki , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki
Published: May 2024

Human liver organoids are in vitro three dimensionally (3D) cultured cells that have a bipotent stem cell phenotype. Translational research of human liver organoids for drug discovery has been limited by the challenge of their low hepatic function compared to primary human hepatocytes (PHHs). Various attempts have been made to develop functional hepatocyte-like cells from human liver organoids. However, none have achieved the same level of hepatic functions as PHHs. We here attempted to culture human liver organoids established from cryopreserved PHHs (PHH-derived organoids), using HYDROX, a chemically defined 3D nanofiber. While the proliferative capacity of PHH-derived organoids was lost by HYDROX-culture, the gene expression levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes were significantly improved. Enzymatic activities of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), CYP2C19, and CYP1A2 in HYDROX-cultured PHH-derived organoids (Org-HYDROX) were comparable to those in PHHs. When treated with hepatotoxic drugs such as troglitazone, amiodarone and acetaminophen, Org-HYDROX showed similar cell viability to PHHs, suggesting that Org-HYDROX could be applied to drug-induced hepatotoxicity tests. Furthermore, Org-HYDROX maintained its functions for up to 35 days and could be applied to chronic drug-induced hepatotoxicity tests using fialuridine. Our findings demonstrated that HYDROX could possibly be a novel biomaterial for differentiating human liver organoids towards hepatocytes applicable to pharmaceutical research.
Optimal obesity- and lipid-related indices for predicting type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and elderly Chinese
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyun , Wang Ying , Li Yuqing , Gui Jiaofeng , Mei Yujin , Yang Xue , Liu Haiyang , Guo Lei-lei , Li Jinlong , Lei Yunxiao , Li Xiaoping , Sun Lu , Yang Liu , Yuan Ting , Wang Congzhi , Zhang Dongmei , Li Jing , Liu Mingming , Hua Ying , Zhang Lin
Published: May 2024

To investigate the screening and predicting functions of obesity- and lipid-related indices for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese, as well as the ideal predicted cut-off value. This study's data comes from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A cross-sectional study design was used to investigate the relationship of T2D and 13 obesity- and lipid-related indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist–height ratio (WHtR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), conicity index (CI), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), triglyceride- glucose index (TyG index) and its correlation index (TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR). The unadjusted and adjusted correlations between 13 indices and T2D were assessed using binary logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine the usefulness of anthropometric indices for screening for T2D and determining their cut‑off value, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC). The study comprised 9488 people aged 45 years or above in total, of whom 4354 (45.89%) were males and 5134 (54.11%) were females. Among them were 716 male cases of T2D (16.44%) and 870 female cases of T2D (16.95%). A total of 13 obesity- and lipid-related indices were independently associated with T2D risk after adjusted for confounding factors (P < 0.05). According to ROC analysis, the TyG index was the best predictor of T2D among males (AUC = 0.780, 95% CI 0.761, 0.799) and females (AUC = 0.782, 95% CI 0.764, 0.799). The AUC values of the 13 indicators were higher than 0.5, indicating that they have predictive values for T2D in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. The 13 obesity- and lipid-related indices can predict the risk of T2D in middle‑aged and elderly Chinese. Among 13 indicators, the TyG index is the best predictor of T2D in both males and females. TyG-WC, TyG-BMI, TyG-WHtR, LAP, and CVAI all outperformed BMI, WC, and WHtR in predicting T2D.
A comparative study of progressive failure of granite and marble rock bridges under direct shearing
Authors: Luo Guangming , Qi Shengwen , Zheng Bowen
Published: May 2024

Shear failure of rock bridges is an important process in geological phenomena, including landslides and earthquakes. However, the progressive failure of natural rock bridges has not yet been fully understood. In this work, we carried out direct shearing experiments on both granite and marble rock bridges, and applied acoustic emission (AE) monitoring throughout the experiments. With the mechanical curves and the evolution of AE activity (including AE energy rate and b value), the failure of rock bridges can be divided into three pre-failure phases and one ultimate failure phases. We analyzed the effects of normal stress and lithology on the pre-failure phases. We noted that with the increasing of normal stress, the length of stable cracking phase decreases and the length of unstable cracking phase slightly increases, except for marble rock bridges at high normal stress, which maintains a great proportion of stable cracking phase that possibly results from the great off-fault damage. Increasing normal stress also suppresses the dilation of granite rock bridges, but has a different effect on marble rock bridges, which also suggests the effect of lithology on failure modes.
Evaluations of modes of pooling specimens for COVID-19 screened by quantitative PCR and droplet digital PCR
Authors: Zhang Daitao , Shen Lingyu , Liang Zhichao , Cui Shujuan
Published: May 2024

Though pooling samples for SARS-CoV-2 detection has effectively met the need for rapid diagnostic and screening tests, many factors can influence the sensitivity of a pooled test. In this study, we conducted a simulation experiment to evaluate modes of pooling specimens and aimed at formulating an optimal pooling strategy. We focussed on the type of swab, their solvent adsorption ability, pool size, pooling volume, and different factors affecting the quality of preserving RNA by different virus solutions. Both quantitative PCR and digital PCR were used to evaluate the sampling performance. In addition, we determined the detection limit by sampling which is simulated from the virus of different titers and evaluated the effect of sample-storage conditions by determining the viral load after storage. We found that flocked swabs were better than fibre swabs. The RNA-preserving ability of the non-inactivating virus solution was slightly better than that of the inactivating virus solution. The optimal pooling strategy was a pool size of 10 samples in a total volume of 9 mL. Storing the collected samples at 4 °C or 25 °C for up to 48 h had little effect on the detection sensitivity. Further, we observed that our optimal pooling strategy performed equally well as the single-tube test did. In clinical applications, we recommend adopting this pooling strategy for low-risk populations to improve screening efficiency and shape future strategies for detecting and managing other respiratory pathogens, thus contributing to preparedness for future public health challenges.
Enabling CO2 neutral metallurgy for ferrochromium production using bio-based reducing agents
Authors: Sommerfeld Marcus , Botinha Roberta , Friedrich Bernd
Published: May 2024

The metallurgical industry is a major source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. This study explores the replacement of fossil-reducing agents with potentially CO2-neutral bio-based reducing agents. Since reducing agents remove oxygen bonded with metal oxides present in the ore, they are a necessity for the production of metallic elements. The investigated metal is chromium, a major part of stainless steel, and therefore a highly relevant element for the transition from a fossil-based energy system to a renewable one. The state-of-the-art smelting reduction and pre-reduction process followed by subsequent smelting using various reducing agents are investigated in this article. The obtained products, metallurgical efficiencies, energy consumption and off-gas generation were compared. While the products produced with bio-based reducing agents are comparable with the reference trials using metallurgical coke regarding the major components in the metal, the concentration of detrimental phosphorus is significantly higher using bio-based reducing agents. The metallurgical efficiency of the process is comparable to the usage of bio-based reducing agents and coke. However, the energy consumption and the generation of off-gas is higher, when coke is replaced by bio-based reducing agents.
Land surface temperature and transboundary air pollution: a case of Bangkok Metropolitan Region
Authors: Sarker Tanni , Fan Peilei , Messina Joseph P. , Macatangay Ronald , Varnakovida Pariwate , Chen Jiquan
Published: May 2024

In a rapidly urbanizing world, heavy air pollution and increasing surface temperature pose significant threats to human health and lives, especially in densely populated cities. In this study, we took an information theory perspective to investigate the causal relationship between diel land surface temperature (LST) and transboundary air pollution (TAP) from 2003 to 2020 in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR), which includes Bangkok Metropolis and its five adjacent provinces. We found an overall increasing trend of LST over the study region, with the mean daytime LST rising faster than nighttime LST. Evident seasonal variations showed high aerosol optical depth (AOD) loadings during the dry period and low loadings at the beginning of the rainy season. Our study revealed that TAP affected diel surface temperature in Bangkok Metropolis significantly. Causality tests show that air pollutants of two adjacent provinces west of Bangkok, i.e., Nakhon Pathom and Samut Sakhon, have a greater influence on the LST of Bangkok than other provinces. Also, the bidirectional relationship indicates that air pollution has a greater impact on daytime LST than nighttime LST. While LST has an insignificant influence on AOD during the daytime, it influences AOD significantly at night. Our study offers a new approach to understanding the causal impact of TAP and can help policymakers to identify the most relevant locations that cause pollution, leading to appropriate planning and management.
Advanced cellulose-based hydrogel TiO2 catalyst composites for efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic dye methylene blue
Authors: Nguyen Bang Cong , Truong Thu Minh , Nguyen Ngoc Thi , Dinh Duong Ngoc , Hollmann Dirk , Nguyen Mai Ngoc
Published: May 2024

Sustainable cellulose-based hydrogels are used in medicine and environmental science. Hydrogels’ porosity makes them excellent adsorbents and stable substrates for immobilizing photocatalysts to remove organic dyes. Despite their potential, the implementation of hydrogels for this purpose is still limited due to their high synthesis temperature and low cellulose content. To overcome these challenges, this study develops cellulose-based hydrogels, which have a high cellulose content and can be easily synthesized under ambient conditions. Containing a higher cellulose concentration than previous hydrogels, the synthesized hydrogels are more stable and can be reused numerous times in treatment operations. The hydrogel properties were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Scanning electronic microscopy revealed that TiO2 nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed throughout the hydrogel's matrices. In addition, transparent hydrogels allow light to pass through, making them suitable substrates to remove organic dye. The results showed that the hydrogel with TiO2 was able to degrade nearly 90% of organic dye within 180 min. Furthermore, the hydrogel with the embedded catalyst exhibits the potential for reusability with a regeneration efficiency of 80.01% after five runs. These findings suggest that this novel hydrogel is a promising candidate for water pollution remediation.
Specific contact resistivity reduction in amorphous IGZO thin-film transistors through a TiN/IGTO heterogeneous interlayer
Authors: Jeong Joo Hee , Seo Seung Wan , Kim Dongseon , Yoon Seong Hun , Lee Seung Hee , Kuh Bong Jin , Kim Taikyu , Jeong Jae Kyeong
Published: May 2024

Oxide semiconductors have gained significant attention in electronic device industry due to their high potential for emerging thin-film transistor (TFT) applications. However, electrical contact properties such as specific contact resistivity (ρC) and width-normalized contact resistance (RCW) are significantly inferior in oxide TFTs compared to conventional silicon metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors. In this study, a multi-stack interlayer (IL) consisting of titanium nitride (TiN) and indium-gallium-tin-oxide (IGTO) is inserted between source/drain electrodes and amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO). The TiN is introduced to increase conductivity of the underlying layer, while IGTO acts as an n+-layer. Our findings reveal IGTO thickness (tIGTO)-dependent electrical contact properties of IGZO TFT, where ρC and RCW decrease as tIGTO increases to 8 nm. However, at tIGTO > 8 nm, they increase mainly due to IGTO crystallization-induced contact interface aggravation. Consequently, the IGZO TFTs with a TiN/IGTO (3/8 nm) IL reveal the lowest ρC and RCW of 9.0 × 10−6 Ω·cm2 and 0.7 Ω·cm, significantly lower than 8.0 × 10−4 Ω·cm2 and 6.9 Ω·cm in the TFTs without the IL, respectively. This improved electrical contact properties increases field-effect mobility from 39.9 to 45.0 cm2/Vs. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of this multi-stack IL approach in oxide TFTs.
The association between weight-adjusted-waist index and sarcopenia in adults: a population-based study
Authors: Zhou Haojing , Su Hai , Gong Yichen , Chen Lei , Xu Lihan , Chen Guoqian , Tong Peijian
Published: May 2024

This study aims to investigate the relationship between weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), a new body index, and sarcopenia, while also assessing the potential of WWI as a tool for screening sarcopenic patients. The cross-sectional study involved adults who possessed complete data on WWI and appendicular skeletal muscle mass from the 1999–2006 and 2011–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Weighted multivariate regression and logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the independent relationship between WWI and sarcopenia. The study included 26,782 participants. The results showed that WWI demonstrated a positive correlation with sarcopenia risk. In the fully adjusted model, with each 1 unit increase in WWI, the risk of developing sarcopenia rose 14.55 times higher among males (OR: 14.55, 95% CI 12.33, 17.15) and 2.86 times higher among females (OR: 2.86, 95% CI 2.59, 3.15). The optimal cutoff values of WWI for sarcopenia were 11.26 cm/√kg for males and 11.39 cm/√kg for females. Individuals with a higher WWI have an increased risk of developing sarcopenia, and a high WWI functions as a risk factor for sarcopenia. Assessing WWI could assist in identifying individuals at risk of sarcopenia.
Testing structural balance theories in heterogeneous signed networks
Authors: Gallo Anna , Garlaschelli Diego , Lambiotte Renaud , Saracco Fabio , Squartini Tiziano
Published: May 2024

The abundance of data about social relationships allows the human behavior to be analyzed as any other natural phenomenon. Here we focus on balance theory, stating that social actors tend to avoid establishing cycles with an odd number of negative links. This statement, however, can be supported only after a comparison with a benchmark. Since the existing ones disregard actors’ heterogeneity, we extend Exponential Random Graphs to signed networks with both global and local constraints and employ them to assess the significance of empirical unbalanced patterns. We find that the nature of balance crucially depends on the null model: while homogeneous benchmarks favor the weak balance theory, according to which only triangles with one negative link should be under-represented, heterogeneous benchmarks favor the strong balance theory, according to which also triangles with all negative links should be under-represented. Biological networks, instead, display strong frustration under any benchmark, confirming that structural balance inherently characterizes social networks.
Facile synthesis and self-assembly of pharmaceutically important oligobenzylidene-d-sorbitol dialdehydes: direct encapsulation and stimuli responsive delivery of H2S
Authors: Rebaka Vara Prasad , Kumar Yogendra , Banoo Tohira , Rachamalla Arun Kumar , Nagarajan Subbiah
Published: May 2024

We report the direct in situ encapsulation of H2S into the gel formed by a pharmaceutical solvent and stimuli-responsive delivery, which enable future studies of the physiological role of H2S in various biological processes.
The influence of frequency and gravity on the orientation of active metallo-dielectric Janus particles translating under a uniform applied alternating-current electric field
Authors: Boymelgreen Alicia , Kunti Golak , García-Sánchez Pablo , Yossifon Gilad
Published: May 2024

Equilibrium particle orientation (α) is obtained by setting the summation of gravitational (g), electrohydrodynamic (h) and electrostatic (e) torques to zero. The orientation is found to be a function of frequency and voltage of the applied field.
UHPLC-MS/MS combined with microdialysis for simultaneous determination of nicotine and neurotransmitter metabolites in the rat hippocampal brain region: application to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study
Authors: Zhu Mingyu , Cui Lili , Liu Guanglin , Yu Pengpeng , Hu Qingyuan , Chen Huan , Hou Hongwei
Published: May 2024

A novel method for simultaneously detecting nicotine and neurotransmitters was established, which provided new insights into the metabolic process of nicotine and its modulation of neurotransmitter dynamics in the hippocampus.
A novel electrochemical sensor based on a Cu-coordinated molecularly imprinted polymer and MoS2 modified chitin-derived carbon for selective detection of dextromethorphan
Authors: Yuan Jingxia , Wang Shulei , Cheng Siying , Liu Yiwei , Zhao Faqiong , Zeng Baizhao
Published: May 2024

A Cu-MIP/MoS2/CCNs/GCE sensor was constructed for the detection of dextromethorphan (DXM), and showed high sensitivity and selectivity.
Hierarchical chiral MOFs with the induced chirality of AIE ligands exhibiting non-reciprocal CPL
Authors: Fu Hong-Ru , Ren Dan-Dan , Zhang Kun , Wang Shuang , Yang Xu-Jing , Ding Qing-Rong , Wu Ya-Pan
Published: May 2024

Two pairs of chiral MOFs, DCF-15/LCF-15 and DCF-16/LCF-16, were constructed through assembly of achiral aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-type multidentate linkers (TPPE and TPA) and chiral camphoric acid (d/l-cam), exhibiting non-reciprocal CPL.
Functionalisation of MUF-15 enhances CO2/CH4 selectivity in mixed-matrix membranes
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Jangodaz Elnaz , Yin Ben Hang , Telfer Shane G.
Published: May 2024

MUF-15 and its isoreticular analogues were blended with 6FDA-DAM to produce mixed-matrix membranes with exceptional CO2/CH4 separation performance.
Structurally influenced optical nonlinearities and ultrafast dynamics in β-acroleyl- and β-dicyanobutadienyl-appended cobalt corroles
Authors: Yadav Inderpal , Acharyya Jitendra Nath , Prakash G. Vijaya , Sankar Muniappan
Published: May 2024

Four structurally different π-extended cobalt corroles with one or two acroleyl and DCBD substitution(s) have been investigated for femtosecond laser induced third-order optical nonlinearities and ultrafast dynamics as function of β-substitution.
First-principle calculations study of the ORR/OER electrocatalytic activity of ruthenium polyphthalocyanine axially modified with aliphatic thiol groups
Authors: Wang Guilin , Ren Rongrong , Feng Xiaoqin , Wang Yuxin , Meng Jie , Jia Jianfeng
Published: May 2024

The ORR and OER catalytic activity of ruthenium polyphthalocyanine axially modified with aliphatic thiols (RuPPc–SR) was investigated using DFT calculations.
Phenol hydrogenation over H-MFI zeolite encapsulated platinum nanocluster catalyst
Authors: Wang Kexin , Zhang Weiwei , Mei Donghai
Published: May 2024

The development of catalysts with high activity and selectivity is of paramount importance for the industrial conversion of biomass.
Promotional effects of In(PO3)3 on the high catalytic activity of CuO–In(PO3)3/C for the CO2 reduction reaction
Authors: Ruan Chengtao , Zhao Zhihui , Wu Hui , Liu Jiaqian , Shi Yuande , Zeng Lingxing , Li Zhongshui
Published: May 2024

The coexistence of Cu, In, and P species in rod-like CuO–In(PO3)3/C enhances the ECSA and electrocatalytic properties for CO2RR by improving charge transfer and lowering the rate-limiting step barrier.
Self-assembly of Ni(ii) with a chiral ligand pair vs. mixture of the chiral ligand pair: structural features and recognition ability of Ni2L4 cages
Authors: Han Jihun , Back Hyo Jeong , Hossain Mohammad M. , Jung Ok-Sang , Lee Young-A.
Published: May 2024

Discrete chiral cages with two encapsulated chloride anions were useful for the recognition of chiral molecules. An achiral cage consisting of l-and d-chiral ligands was constructed and two chloride anions and two H2O molecules were encapsulated.
Photocontrolled heterojunctions constructed from holmium single atom modified Mg1.2Ti1.8O5/g-C3N4 with enhanced photocatalytic CO2 conversion
Authors: An Jing , Ge Shuang , Wang Guofeng , Fu Honggang
Published: May 2024

This work is the first to introduce photocontrolled catalysts into CO2RR, and further introduce RE single atom into the catalysts, aiming to optimize the photocatalytic performance by utilizing the synergistic effect of RE single atom and composites.
Millifluidic magnetophoresis-based chip for age-specific fractionation: evaluating the impact of age on metabolomics and gene expression in yeast
Authors: Wittmann L. , Eigenfeld M. , Büchner K. , Meiler J. , Habisch H. , Madl T. , Kerpes R. , Becker T. , Berensmeier S. , Schwaminger S. P.
Published: May 2024

A novel millifluidic magnetophoresis approach can be used to fractionate yeast cells according to their individual cell age. Old and young cells show different behavior in gene expression and their metabolome.
Creation of a facile heterojunction in Co/ZnO–TiO2 for the photocatalytic degradation of alizarin S
Authors: Prabhu Aditi , Meenu Preetha Chandrasekharan , Roy Sounak
Published: May 2024

Multicomponent heterojunction works as an efficient catalyst for dye degradation.
Preparation of chiral metal–organic framework l-his-MIL-53-NH2@SiO2 composite by in situ growth and chiral post-modification strategies for HPLC enantiomeric separation
Authors: Ma An-Xu , Liu Cai-Fang , Zhu Yu-Lan , Luo Zong-Hong , Zhou Hong-Mei , Zhang Yue , Wang Bang-Jin , Zhang Jun-Hui , Xie Sheng-Ming , Yuan Li-Ming
Published: May 2024

l-his-MIL-53-NH2@SiO2 core–shell composite microspheres were prepared by in situ growth and chiral post-modification strategies for chiral separation.
Static iodine loading comparisons between activated carbon, zeolite, alumina, aerogel, and xerogel sorbents
Authors: Chong Saehwa , Riley Brian J. , Baskaran Karthikeyan , Sullivan Sean , El Khoury Luke , Carlson Krista , Asmussen R. Matthew , Fountain Matthew S.
Published: May 2024

Different sorbents, including activated carbons, an aerogel, xerogels, an alumina, a zeolite, and a carbon foam were investigated for static I2(g) loading at 71 °C for 56 d followed by 4.7 d of desorption.
Recent updates on vinyl cyclopropanes, aziridines and oxiranes: access to heterocyclic scaffolds
Authors: Nachimuthu Kiruthika , Nallasivam Jothi Lakshmi
Published: May 2024

This review article portrays the versatility of vinyl cyclopropanes and their heteroatom analogues and highlights their capacity to accomplish an array of highly stereoselective heterocyclic scaffolds via diverse reaction pathways.
Aerobic oxidative synthesis of benzimidazoles by flavin photocatalysis
Authors: Shiogai Yuta , Oka Marina , Miyake Hazuki , Iida Hiroki
Published: May 2024

Flavin photocatalysis provided a novel green method for the synthesis of benzimidazoles by an aerobic oxidative reaction between arylamines and o-phenylenediamine.
Synthesis of cytochalasan analogues with aryl substituents at position 10
Authors: Javorská Žaneta , Rimpelová Silvie , Labíková Magdaléna , Perlíková Pavla
Published: May 2024

Fe(acac)3-mediated late-stage arylation of cytochalasan analogues with Grignard reagents was developed.
Radical decarboxylation: an emerging tool in polymer synthesis
Authors: Anyaegbu Chima , Vidali Gianluca , Haridas Darsan , Hooper Joel F.
Published: May 2024

Radical decarboxylation has emerged as a powerful tool in polymer chemistry. This review discusses the history of radical decarboxylation and its applications in polymer synthesis, crosslinking, functionalisation, degradation and depolymerisation.
Direct dehydroxy(sulfhydryl)xanthylation of alcohols and thiols
Authors: Shan Dingjian , Jiang Menglin , Liang Fangcan , Zhong Yu , Zhu Dianhu
Published: May 2024

Direct dehydroxy(sulfhydryl)xanthylation of a wide range of alcohols and thiols via electrophilic N-xanthate/xanthamide/thioxanthate phthalimides was investigated in an umpolung Mitsunobu-type manner under mild conditions.
Chemodivergent (4 + 3) cycloadditions of 2-indolylmethanols with 1,3,5-triazinanes: access to polycyclic indoles
Authors: Dong Rui , Han Tian-Jiao , Huang Lihua , Mei Guang-Jian
Published: May 2024

Reported herein are the chemodivergent (4 + 3) cycloadditions of 2-indolylmethanols with 1,3,5-triazinanes.
Characterization of cement mortars with regional organic and inorganic additives
Authors: Soria-Castro Montserrat , Genescá-Llongueras Juan , Hernández-Bolio Gloria Ivonne , Castro-Borges Pedro
Published: May 2024

Organic and inorganic additives offer a sustainable solution for enhancing the durability of cement mortars.
Effect of incorporating white pepper (Piper nigrum L.) oleoresin on starch/alginate films
Authors: Torres Vargas Olga Lucía , Rodríguez Agredo Iván Andrés , Galeano Loaiza Yessica Viviana
Published: May 2024

The development of films based on natural components has demonstrated their potential for food preservation.
Addressing preliminary challenges in upscaling the recovery of lithium from spent lithium ion batteries by the electrochemical method: a review
Authors: Kasri Mohamad Arif , Mohd Halizan Muhammad Zharfan , Harun Irina , Bahrudin Fadzli Irwan , Daud Nuraini , Aizamddin Muhammad Faiz , Amira Shaffee Siti Nur , Rahman Norazah Abd , Shafiee Saiful Arifin , Mahat Mohd Muzamir
Published: May 2024

The importance of lithium in electric vehicles, smart devices and the volume of untreated LIBs have pressurised innovators to tackle the issue of Li resource depletion. Advancing electrochemical recycling methods requires addressing challenges in the upscaling attempt prior commercialisation.
Preparation of carbon quantum dots and their application in the detection of vitamin B2
Authors: Meng Lifen , Wu Haizhi
Published: May 2024

The synthesis route of Zn/Cl-CQDs and the schematic diagram for detecting VB2.
Carbon nitride/polyimide porous film via an NIPS method with advanced dielectric and hydrophobicity properties
Authors: Li Wen , Li Kejing , Li Weizhen , Gan Wenjun , Song Shiqiang
Published: May 2024

An ultra-low dielectric porous polyimide film with ε′ ∼1.6@1 MHz was fabricated by an NIPS method. FAS-grafted carbon nitride nanosheets endowed the porous film with advanced hydrophobicity and thermomechanical properties.
Optimized Cu-doping in ZnO electro-spun nanofibers for enhanced photovoltaic performance in perovskite solar cells and photocatalytic dye degradation
Authors: Lee Kang Hoon , Farheen Rabeea , Arshad Zafar , Ali Mumtaz , Hassan Hamza , Alshareef Mubark , A.Dahshan  , Khalid Usama
Published: May 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) compete with conventional solar cells regarding their low-temperature processing and suitable power conversion efficiency.
Investigation of the photocatalytic activity of magnetically recoverable g-C3N4/CoFe2O4/Bi2MoO6 particles for purifying tetracycline antibiotics: synthesis, characterization, ecotoxicity analysis, and plant toxicity test
Authors: Tang Zhiwei , Hu Changchao , Zhang Rui , Yu Junrong , Cai Lu , Yang Ze , Wang Xingwang , Wu Shiqiang , Liu Desheng
Published: May 2024

To purify water polluted by tetracycline antibiotics, a new visible light-driven magnetically recoverable photocatalyst, g-C3N4/CoFe2O4/Bi2MoO6, was prepared in this study, and it effectively removed tetracycline antibiotics.
Ni–CoSe2 heterojunction coated by N-doped carbon for modified separators of high-performance Li–sulfur batteries
Authors: Wang Kai , Yang Haiqin , Yan Ruiqiang , Chen Cairong , Wu Chenglin , Chen Wei , He Zhicai , Huang Guobo , Chang Ling
Published: May 2024

A novel Ni–CoSe2 heterojunction coated with N-doped carbon is designed to modify separators of Li–S batteries, exhibiting the synergism of suppressing shuttle effects and accelerating reaction kinetics.
Ultrasmall copper nanoclusters as an efficient antibacterial agent for primary peritonitis therapy
Authors: Wang Yaru , Ye Jingrun , Liu Kang , Wu Yinghao , Linghu Jiayi , Feng Ting , Liu Yong , Dou Xinyue , Yuan Xun , Zhu Haiguang
Published: May 2024

An atomically precise copper nanocluster (Cu30 NC) based antimicrobial agent was synthesized for effective treatment of primary peritonitis.
Vanadium pentoxide interfacial layer enables high performance all-solid-state thin film batteries
Authors: Ma Shiping , Wei Kaiyuan , Zhao Yu , Qiu Jinxu , Xu Rongrui , Li Hongliang , Zhang Hui , Cui Yanhua
Published: May 2024

The V2O5 interfacial layer can effectively suppress side reaction between a LiCoO2 cathode and LiPON electrolyte interface, which enables enhanced lithium ion transport kinetics and electrochemical performance in all-solid-state thin film batteries.
KI mediated one-pot cascade reaction for synthesis of 1,3,4-selenadiazoles
Authors: Datta Kumaresh , Mitra Bijeta , Pariyar Gyan Chandra , Ghosh Pranab
Published: May 2024

A one-pot pseudo three-component cascade reaction for the preparation of 1,3,4-selenadiazole from aldehydes, hydrazine and elemental selenium is demonstrated here using the catalytic system consisting of KI and K2S2O8 in DMSO.
Catalytic asymmetric carbenoid α-C–H insertion of ether
Authors: Li Xin , Yue San-Hong , Tan Zi-Yang , Liu Shu-Bo , Luo De-Xiang , Zhou Ying-Jun , Liang Xiao-Wei
Published: May 2024

Significant advancements have been made in catalytic asymmetric α-C–H bond functionalization of ethers via carbenoid insertion over the past decade.
Aryl carbonyls and carbinols as proelectrophiles for Friedel–Crafts benzylation and alkylation
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Lin Randy , Alawaed Abdulkhaliq A. , Hamann Henry J.
Published: May 2024

Friedel–Crafts benzylation/alkylation using benzylic alcohols and aryl carbonyls as proelectrophiles is achieved using borane-ammonia and TiCl4.
Preparation and measurement of a sandwiched Sn atomic beam source for laser resonance ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Jiangfan , Fan Jinlong , Li Zhiming , Wang Wenliang , Feng Lei , Zhang Pengfei , Chen Guowei , Yi Xiaowei , Zhang Xiangbo , Shen Xiaopan , Xu Jiang
Published: May 2024

Different amounts of Sn sources were prepared by electrodeposition and tested via LRIMS. For the determination of ultra-trace nuclide, a sandwiched structure has been successfully developed for a more efficient and stable atomic beam source.
Identification of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with mcm topology and their application in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Tian Peng-Ju , Han Xiang-Hao , Qi Qiao-Yan , Zhao Xin
Published: May 2024

Three porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are synthesized. Their structures are exclusively composed of pentagonal pores, giving rise to mcm topology. The COFs exhibit high performance in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water.
Achieving ultrahigh energy density and excellent stability in carbon pentazole
Authors: Zhang Guanghui , Yi Wencai , Cao Yiqing , Zhang Shengli , Liu Xiaobing
Published: May 2024

The P21c-C(N5)4 can build nitrogen cycle between N≡N triple bonds and N–N single bonds to achieve energy storage and release, receive considerable interest in green energy and sustainable materials.
Efficient CO2 electroreduction to formate using Bi–Pb bimetallic catalysts with 2D vertical nanosheets
Authors: Jiang Chongyang , Zeng Shaojuan , Feng Jiaqi , Li Guilin , Hai Bin , Peng Kuilin , Zhang Xiangping
Published: May 2024

2D vertical Bi–Pb bimetallic nanosheets with an electron transfer effect were used to broaden the potential window of the CO2RR.
Long-term air-stable amplified spontaneous emission in quasi-2D perovskite films through ligand engineering
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Qin Ji , Wang Xinyang , Shu Yanfei , Li Ming , Zhou Ping , Lu Guochao , He Haiping
Published: May 2024

High-performance amplified spontaneous emission with a low threshold and long-term air stability during 8 months in ambient air is demonstrated in OA-CsPbBr3 films.
Schiff base organic molecular crystals/ferroelectric polymer composite for photo-pyroelectric conversion
Authors: Wang Zhaopeng , Liu Jie , Chu Baojin
Published: May 2024

We achieve strong photo-pyroelectric response under visible light in P(VDF-TrFE) ferroelectric polymer by combining photoresponsive Schiff-base crystals with the polymer.
Water quality indicators influencing the formation and morphology of hydrostatically-formed photogranules
Authors: Castro Cynthia J. , Kuo-Dahab W. Camilla , Jiang Tao , Downes Sam , Zhang Guoping , Abouhend Ahmed S. , Butler Caitlyn S.
Published: May 2024

Initial water quality parameters in hydrostatic photogranulation determine photogranule shape (spherical or disk-shaped), impacting their physical traits and wastewater treatment effectiveness.
Review on thermal properties and reaction kinetics of Ca(OH)2/CaO thermochemical energy storage materials
Authors: Boning Rui
Published: May 2024

Thermochemical energy storage technology is one of the most promising thermal storage technologies, which exhibits high energy storage capacity and long‐term energy storage potentials. The low‐cost, safe, and reliable calcium oxide/calcium hydroxide (CaO/Ca(OH)2) system has become the preferred thermochemical energy storage material system to solve the problem of renewable energy consumption. This study reviews the structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic properties influencing the absorption and desorption reactions of calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in thermal energy storage applications. It is found that the transformation of crystal structure from cubic to hexagonal upon hydration is attributed to volume expansion and crack formation facilitating diffusion. The specific heat capacities of CaO and Ca(OH)2, as well as reaction enthalpies, are studied across temperature ranges. Most studies on reaction kinetics are focused on the effect of factors such as temperature, particle size, and material content. Strategies to mitigate issues such as particle agglomeration and enhance reaction efficiency are discussed, including the incorporation of enhancing materials such as γ‐Al2O3. This study underscores the importance of the core reaction material content and the enhancing materials that are used to optimise energy density in thermal chemical water‐absorption and ‐desorption reactions.
Investigating the non‐linear conductivity properties of silicone rubber co‐modified with doped calcium copper titanate @ zinc oxide and grafted glycidyl methacrylate
Authors: Zhang Huiyang , Chi Qingguo , Meng Zhaotong , Zhang Changhai , Zhang Yongquan , Zhang Yue , Yin Chao , Zhang Tiandong
Published: May 2024

In order to solve the issue of localised electric field concentration in high‐voltage direct current cable accessories, a method for preparing a composite material with high conductivity and nonlinear conductivity properties is proposed. The authors employed homemade calcium copper titanate @ zinc oxide (CCTO@ZnO) as a filler and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as a grafted small molecule to co‐regulate the non‐linear conductivity of silicone rubber (SiR). The results indicate that doping CCTO@ZnO can enable SiR to acquire non‐linear conduction properties and grafting GMA can significantly enhance the conductivity of SiR. However, both doping CCTO@ZnO and grafting GMA have a negative impact on the breakdown performance of SiR. Simulation results indicate that reinforced insulators made from doped and grafted co‐modified composites can improve the distribution of electric fields in cable accessories.
Preparation of high thermal conductivity aluminium nitride ceramics with low oxygen impurity for power semiconductors
Authors: Zhang Zhirui , Wu Haoyang , Li Tao , Zhang Zepeng , Xu Haifeng , Lu Huifeng , He Qing , Gu Siyong , Zhang Deyin , Yin Haiqing , Jia Baorui , Qu Xuanhui , Qin Mingli
Published: May 2024

Energy transmission efficiency and stability place higher demands on electrical power systems. Aluminium nitride (AlN) ceramics, which possess high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation, are gradually used in heat dissipation systems for high‐power semiconductors. However, oxygen impurity has been one of the key factors limiting the thermal conductivity of AlN ceramics. The pre‐reduction treatment was used to reduce the powder oxygen content. AlN ceramics with low oxygen impurities were then obtained by hot‐pressing sintering. The decrease in the oxygen content of the powder shows a hindering effect on densification, which increases the sintering temperature to 1750°C. The pre‐reduced powders transform the grain edge phase from YAP to YAM, which is more favourable for purifying the lattice. The variations in grain size and mechanical properties are also discussed. Eventually, AlN ceramics with a thermal conductivity of 201 W m−1 K−1 and a flexural strength of 376 MPa are obtained.