bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cancer causing chewing habits and related oral lesions – A comparative study among females of socio-culturally different areas of West Bengal
Authors: Bhattacharjee Tathagata , Gangopadhyay Somnath
Published: April 2023

Background:

Smokeless tobacco, as well as areca-nut both, causes cancerous and precancerous lesions of the oral cavity. The traditional value of India, as well as West Bengal do not allow females for smoking, but there is no such disapproval for using smokeless tobacco or areca nut. Geographically and socio-culturally, the Northern part of West Bengal differs from its Southern part.

Aims:

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of different chewing habits, habit products, and habit-related different oral lesions among females in two socio-culturally different areas of West Bengal.

Methods:

A total of 222 women from areas of North Bengal and 173 women from areas of South Bengal aged 15 years and above were selected. A face-to-face interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire. An oral cavity examination was done to rule out any oral mucosal alterations caused by cancer-causing habits.

Statistical Analysis:

Chi-square test or Fischer's exact tests were used to compare unpaired proportions as appropriate.

Results:

In areas of the northern part of Bengal, 42.34% of females were chewers, and in areas of the southern part of Bengal 18.50% of females were chewers. Younger female chewers were more from areas of the northern part of Bengal. Women, residing in different areas of the northern part of Bengal had more habit-related oral lesions, compared to the southern part of Bengal.

Conclusion:

Special attention should be given to increasing awareness regarding chewing habit-related health hazards among females, especially in areas of North Bengal.
Exploring the correlation between COVID 19 and periodontal disease
Authors: Sayeed Fatema , Sircar Keya
Published: April 2023

An association of periodontal disease with the severity of COVID 19 disease has been observed during COVID 19 pandemic. This article explores the various hypotheses that link the two conditions, to understand their interrelationship. Targeted research may help elucidate evidence for screening of high-risk groups and identification of therapeutic targets.
Alpha-L-fucosidase levels in patients with oral submucous fibrosis and controls
Authors: Suresh H. , Gunasekaran Nandhini , James Amritha , Krishnan Rajkumar , Thayalan Dinesh Kumar , Kumar A. Ramesh
Published: April 2023

Background:

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) in recent times has been recognized as a potentially malignant disorder (PMD) with an increased risk of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma with malignant transformation rates that vary from 0.6% to 36%. Alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) is a lysosomal enzyme that is involved in maintaining the homeostasis of fucose metabolism. In benign and malignant tumors, the cells modulate their surface by increasing fucosylation leading to uncontrolled growth.

Aims and objectives:

This study was designed to estimate the levels of salivary and serum AFU in patients with OSMF and healthy controls and also to evaluate the clinical utility of salivary AFU levels over serum.

Materials and Methods:

Saliva and blood samples were collected from twenty participants in both the groups (OSMF and healthy controls). Serum and salivary alpha-L-fucosidase levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis.

Results:

We found a significant increase in alpha-L-fucosidase level in OSMF compared with healthy subjects. Pearson's correlation showed salivary alpha-L-fucosidase level to have superior sensitivity in detecting OSMF compared with serum alpha-L-fucosidase.

Conclusion:

The outcome of this study suggests that salivary alpha-L-fucosidase can be utilized as a biomarker in early detection of oral precancer and cancer.
Transepidermal elimination of suture material in lip biopsy specimen
Authors: Chaturvedi Himani Tiwari , Chaturvedi Chandrashekher , Thammaiah Smitha , Patel Varsha
Published: April 2023

Transepidermal elimination (TE) is a well-known phenomenon by which dermal materials are expelled through an active epithelial-dermal connective tissue interaction. It has been associated with many cutaneous disorders and described as a regular or sporadic occurrence in a variety of dermatologic conditions. TE as a means of expulsion by skin, either externally introduced or endogenously generated foreign material, is well recognized but rarely appreciated phenomenon. Hence, here we are presenting a case of TE of suture material from the labial surface of the lower lip in a patient who was previously operated for mucocele a year back and reported with the impression of the recurrent lesion.
Assessment of ergonomics to study the correlation between physical and psychological factors with prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in practicing dentists
Authors: Surve Ridima R , Anjali A K , Pereira Treville , Shetty Subraj , Gotmare Swati Shrikant , Pereira Christina
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Musculoskeletal disorders are very commonly seen in dentists. These disorders can hinder their clinical practice and at times results in severe complications leading to an early retirement.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to find a correlation between physical and psychological factors with the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in practicing dentists. This study is a culmination of two fields of medicine, physiotherapy and dentistry, thus proving to be of significant value in terms of interdisciplinary approach to healthcare.

Materials and Methods:

The sample size consisted of 50 dentists. It was an observational cross-sectional study with a questionnaire divided into three sections. Inclusion and exclusion criteria includes Section 1 - Demographic data and basic questions related to the aim of the study. Section 2 - Cornell Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire. Section 3 - General Health Questionnaire-12 for assessment of psychological stress.

Results:

Wrong posture, existing physical illness, lack of exercise and increases levels of psychological stress increase the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders.

This study could be used to implement better treatment options to dentists suffering from musculoskeletal disorders considering both physical and mental factors.

Conclusion:

It is very important to increase the awareness of ergonomics and the influence of psychological stress in practicing dentists so that they can avoid these disorders and provide a high-quality treatment to their patients without any hindrance in their professional careers due to these disorders.
Granular cell ameloblastoma as a solitary peripheral growth after twenty years of segmental resection of the mandible
Authors: Fukate Chetan A. , Bansal Shivani P. , Andrade Neelam N. , Desai Rajiv S.
Published: April 2023

The ameloblastoma is a slowly growing, locally invasive, benign epithelial odontogenic neoplasm of the jaws with a high rate of recurrence if not removed adequately. We report an interesting case of granular cell ameloblastoma, which presented as a solitary, peripheral, soft tissue growth 20 years after initial segmental resection of the left mandible. The basal layer of oral mucosa could be the possible source of peripheral ameloblastoma in our case. In order to reduce the chances of recurrence, we suggest to incorporate mucosal stripping along with the conventional treatment as a mandatory rather than an elective procedure while treating ameloblastoma.
Determination of gender from dental pulp by identification of Barr bodies
Authors: Bhardwa Nandini , Nangia Rajat , Puri Abhiney , Bhat Nitish , Wadhwan Vijay , Gupta Hitesh
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

The determination of gender by dental pulp Barr bodies seems to be efficient tool especially in case of natural calamities where bodies are mutilated, charred, and unidentified. Different techniques are used for Barr bodies two of which are histopathological and cytological methods.

Aims and Objectives:

The objective of the study is to check the reliability of human dental pulp for identification of gender using Barr bodies.

Material and Methods:

The study sample consisted of 60 extracted teeth from 20 male and 40 female patients aged 12–25 years. Inclusion criteria included non-carious freshly extracted teeth, Teeth were extracted and the pulp was obtained using a carborundum disc at 30,000 revolutions per minute (RPM). The teeth were categorized into two groups. Group 1 and Group II include 20 females and 10 males each. In group I, rapid manual tissue processing technique was done and in Group II pulp tissue slides were prepared by cytopathological technique. The slides obtained were stained with H&E and Barr bodies were visualized.

Statistical Analysis:

On comparison of Barr bodies on males and females in dental pulp, the mean number of Barr body count in females was more than males. Accuracy and count were much more appreciated in histopathological technique than cytological procedure.

Conclusion:

The mean Barr body count was more in females than in male samples. In histopathological technique Barr bodies were more analyzed and appreciated than in cytopathological technique on checking the efficacy and evaluating its diagnostic significance of dental pulp for identification of gender.
Evaluation of p16 expression in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Saxena Pallavi , Prasad Sruthi
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Oral and oropharyngeal cancers together are the 6th most common cancers in the world and more than 90% are squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC, OPSCC). HPV is an important risk factor. p16 expression apart from indirectly assessing HPV infection, is an independent favorable prognostic marker. Lewis/Modified Lewis criteria of p16 grading identifies a subset of patients with improved overall survival.

Aims:

(1) To evaluate p16 expression in these cancers. (2) To correlate p16 expression with age, gender, sub-site, histological type and grade. (3) To utilize the Lewis/modified Lewis criteria.

Methodology:

The study included 70 cases of OSSC's and OPSCC's. Histological features were analyzed. p16 expression was determined and graded. Results were analyzed and evaluated using Chi-square test (value of P < 0.05 was taken significant).

Results:

p16 positivity was seen in 46/70 (66%) cases (44 OSCC & 26 OPSCC). It was more frequent in younger patients and significantly higher in males. There was no correlation between degree of differentiation and p16 expression. In OSCC, 72.7% were p16 positive, mostly from tongue, buccal mucosa, and hard palate. p16 positivity was seen in 53.8% of OPSCCs, mostly from base of tongue and tonsil. Also, 30.4% of all cases could be included in Lewis criteria and 39.1% in modified Lewis criteria.

Conclusion:

p16 is an inexpensive, easily available marker, it may be incorporated routinely in all histologically diagnosed cases of OSCC and OPSCC.
Intraosseous jaw lesions
Authors: Dhanuthai Kittipong , Chiramanaphan Kulisra , Tevavichulada Varatchaya , Tangwongwarachai Supatcha , Chantarangsu Soranun
Published: April 2023

Context:

Jaw bones can be afflicted by to a diverse group of lesions ranging from developmental, reactive/inflammatory, cystic lesions to tumors and tumor-like lesions

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to determine the relative frequency, demographic and pathologic profiles of patients with intraosseous jaw lesions from Thailand.

Subjects and Methods:

Biopsy records from 1995 to 2019 were reviewed. Age, gender and location of the lesions were collected from the biopsy records. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistics using the IBM SPSS software version 22.0.

Results:

From 23,344 accessioned cases, 7382 cases (31.62%) were encountered within the jaw bones. Age of the participants ranged from 1 to 96 years with the mean ± standard deviation = 36.05 ± 17.80 years. Pediatric participants (aged ≤16 years) comprised 13.80% of all the participants, whereas the geriatric ones (aged ≥65 years) accounted for 7.55%. The male-to-female ratio was 0.89:1. The majority of lesions were observed in the mandible. The most prevalent intra-osseous jaw lesion was radicular cyst followed by dentigerous cyst and ameloblastoma. The most common malignant tumor was osteosarcoma followed by ameloblastic carcinoma and lymphoma. Among the pediatric participants, dentigerous cyst was the most prevalent jaw lesion, while that in the geriatric participants was radicular cyst.

Conclusions:

This is the largest study on intra-osseous jaw lesions encompassing several pathological entities ever conducted from Thailand. It thus provides an invaluable database for clinicians to formulate a differential diagnosis as well as for the pathologists to render the final diagnosis. The results of this study are in accordance with previous studies in general.
Primordial odontogenic tumour
Authors: Suresh Rakesh , Janardhanan Mahija , Savithri Vindhya , Aravind Thara
Published: April 2023

Primordial odontogenic tumour (POT) is a newly described benign mixed odontogenic neoplasm that has been included in the World Health Organization classification 2017. Only 19 cases that conform to the clinico-pathologic criteria for diagnosis have been reported worldwide. We present the 20th case of POT reported worldwide and is only the third case to be reported from India. The need for considering POT as a possible diagnosis in lesions affecting posterior mandible in patients below 10 years, the need for clinicians and pathologists to be aware of this entity and the need to draw more specific conclusions on the diagnostic criteria of POT make it necessary to report every single case of this entity from different parts of the world. Along with the case report in a 3-year-old child patient, we also present here a summary of the cases reported till date and the review of literature.
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco smoking on buccal mucosa
Authors: Abdul Nishath S. , Alrukban Nouf K. , Alajmi Asmaa M. , Bindawoad Faisal A. , Almughaiseeb Atheer A. , AlGhannam Sara M.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is an issue all over the world, although it is particularly prevalent in the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. The genotoxic effects of smoking were reported to be associated with nucleus abnormalities such as micronuclei (MN), karyorrhexis (KR), karyolysis, pyknosis, binucleates, broken eggs, condensed chromatin in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells, and was believed to be associated with apoptosis of cells and was not correlated to the exposure time.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cigarette and WTS on buccal mucosa.

Materials and Methods:

The pertinent search was done through the computerized literature on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PUBMED databases, which included case-control, clinical and observational studies regarding the mutagenic effects of cigarettes and WTS in oral tissues. The retraction of data in this study was undertaken from May 2010 to May 2022. A total of 60 articles from the search data were retrieved. This investigation was registered with the research center of Riyadh Elm University for institution review board approval (IRB) and obtained the IRB number “FRP/2021/448/733/707 and the systematic review registration number with respect to PROSPERO is 345417.

Results:

After the removal of duplicates, 32 were evaluated for the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 32 articles, twenty studies were evaluated for cytogenetic abnormalities in buccal mucosal cells of waterpipe tobacco smokers (WTS) and cigarette smokers, and 12 were excluded. The mean MN levels in the oral tissues of WTS were more (1.94 ± 0.39) than in non-smokers (1.68 ± 0.35).

Conclusion:

Therefore, we conclude that the MN count can be employed as a biomarker and preliminary signal for the identification of changes in oral mucosa among smokers, which develop towards cancer formation.
Immunohistochemical expression of survivin in oral epithelial dysplasia and different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ghritlahare Himanta , Einstein Aroquiassamy , Singaraju Sasidhar , Patel Swatantra , Gulati Namrata , Mishra Shubhangi D.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins family, is not detectable in most differentiated normal adult tissues but is expressed in a wide range of cancer tissues. Survivin expression in cancer has been associated with poor prognosis, cancer progression, and drug resistance, and the expression levels correlate with more aggressive disease and a poor clinical outcome.

Objective:

To evaluate and compare the immunoexpression of survivin in the normal oral epithelium (NOE), oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), and different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methodology:

The patterns of survivin immunoexpression and immunoreactivity were assessed in previously diagnosed, paraffin-embedded sections of 10 tissues of NOE and 15 tissues each of OED and the three grades of OSCC (well-, moderately-, and poorly-differentiated). The pattern of survivin expression was recorded as cytoplasmic, nuclear, or both. Survivin immunoreactivity was assessed semi-quantitatively as the immunoreactive score (IRS). Analysis of variance and Tukey-HSD tests were employed for statistical analysis.

Results:

No immunoreactivity for survivin was evident in the NOE tissues. In the OED tissues, the immunoexpression pattern of survivin was predominantly nuclear in the basal cells, and in the OSCC tissues, cytoplasmic and nuclear. IRS was highest among the moderately- differentiated OSCC, followed by poorly- and well-differentiated OSCC and OED, with a statistically significant difference in the IRS scores between the normal and the study groups.

Conclusion:

Survivin protein expression may be an important early event in oral carcinogenesis and may predict unfavorable prognosis in OSCC.
Diagnostic yield of calcofluor white in the identification of Candida albicans in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chinnasamy Alagesan , Ramalingam Karthikeyan , Nayak Sushruth , Rai Vikrant , Gopinath Vidhya , Chawla Gurveen
Published: April 2023

Background:

Although oral cancer is multifactorial in origin only few had evaluated the diagnostic parameters for candidal infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Aims:

To compare and assess the accuracy of Calcofluor White (CFW) to that of conventional staining methods to identify the presence of candidal infection in OSCC.

Methods:

Archival collections of 43 OSCC were retrieved for this investigation. Standard staining protocol was followed for the index test (CFW) and reference standard (Periodic Acid Schiff). Two examiners were blinded for either one of the staining techniques. Diagnostic test evaluation and Kappa statistic was calculated using MedCalc software.

Results:

The study comprised 37 males, six females, and their mean age at the time of presentation was 51 (range 23 to 75 years). The sensitivity and specificity of CFW was 75.8% (CI 57.7 to 88.9%) and 10.0% (CI 0.2 to 44.5%). While the positive predictive and negative predictive values were 63.1% (CI - 50.6-74.0%) and 67.0% (CI - 49.2-81.0%).

Conclusion:

Our results show minimal agreement with PAS with a Kappa score of 0.148 (95% CI = 0.39 to 0.09). Overall detection rate was similar for both the index test and reference standard although there was considerable number of intermediate test results. Sensitivity of CFW was comparable to that of earlier studies but specificity was low and the degree of concordance was 60.4%. Although CFW staining can come with high false positive they are a useful test for ruling out candida infection when the test result is negative.
Expression of MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC in salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Authors: Sood Neelam , Meena Swati , Agarwala Priyanka
Published: April 2023

Context:

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (MEC) accounts for 10–15% of all salivary gland neoplasms and its management is related to tumour grading. The expression of mucin in the tumour cells presumably affects and predicts tumour behaviour.

Aims:

To analyse the expression of MUC1 (membrane bound mucin), MUC2 and MUC5AC (secreted mucins) in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and correlate with tumour grade and patient outcome.

Settings and Design:

In this retrospective correlation study the expression of MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC were investigated using immunohistochemistry in confirmed cases of MEC.

Methods and Material:

The staining patterns of MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC were analysed in 10 confirmed cases from the year 2013 to 2020.

Statistical Analysis Used:

SPSS 23 was used for bivariate correlations.

Results:

All of the tumours expressed MUC1, showing strong membranous to focal cytoplasmic localization in all cells. The goblet cell component expressed a strong apical membranous pattern. MUC2 expression was moderate, showed cytoplasmic localisation in 40% of mucinous cells and was minimal in intermediate cells and epidermoid cells. MUC 5AC expression was strong apical membranous in goblet cells and mainly negative in intermediate cells and epidermoid cells.

Conclusions:

Although MUC1 is a reliable marker for all cell types of MEC but has no significant correlation with the tumour grade. MUC 2 has not been found to be a reliable diagnostic marker and has no significant correlation with the tumour grade. MUC 5AC has been found to have a significant expression in tumours with lymphoid infiltrate. There was no statistically significant correlation of MUC expression with the site, tumour grade and patient outcome.
Expression sites of immunohistochemistry markers in oral diseases – A scoping review
Authors: Prabakaran Rebekah C. , Rachel J Beryl , Rao Gururaj N. , Vennila Alagu A , Fathima S Deenul , Keerthik Lavanya M. K.
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has not always been an easy field for the research beginners like postgraduates, research fellows and scientists. Meaningful interpretation of IHC positivity needs expertise. This could be made easier for beginners by developing a conceptual framework of markers. The literature review revealed a lack of qualitative evidence on the hitherto IHC studies on oral diseases about the overall expression of IHC markers and its comparison with pathology and normal tissues.

Aim:

This scoping review aimed to examine the literature and classify the various immunohistochemistry markers of oral diseases based on the tissue, cell and site of expression.

Materials and Methods:

The review was in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for scoping reviews (PRISMA -ScR). Electronic databases such as PubMed and Cochrane were searched for relevant articles till 2021.

Results:

We included 43 articles. We found five different possibilities of the site of expression of a marker in a cell. They are the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, extracellular matrix or any of the above combinations. Based on the tissue of expression, we also mapped the markers expressed in oral diseases to their tissue of origin as ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm and markers with multiple tissues of expression. Based on our results, we derived two classifications that give an overview of the expression of IHC markers in oral diseases.

Conclusion:

This scoping review derived new insight into the classification of IHC markers based on cell lineage, tissue and site of expression. This would enable a beginner to better understand a marker with its application and the interpretation of the staining in research. This could also serve as a beginner's guide for any researcher to thrive and explore the IHC world.
Sarcoidosis – A review article
Authors: Sreeja C. , Priyadarshini A. , Premika  , Nachiammai N.
Published: April 2023

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder of multiple organs, with lungs and lymphatic systems being the most frequently affected sites of the body. It was first reported in 1877 and has continued to engross both clinicians and scientists since that time. Because sarcoidosis being a diagnosis of exclusion, it demands the physician to rule out all the possible diagnosis. Most of the patients remain asymptomatic and this makes the disease remain unnoticed for a prolonged period. Later after years, the disease could be diagnosed after witnessing the patient being symptomatic or suffering from organ failures. It could affect middle aged people of any sexes, often its clinical features correlate with tuberculosis. On immunological and histopathological examination, it reveals noncaseating granuloma in simple terms. Glucocorticoids remain the standard drug now and then. Further research has to be done to know the exact pathogenesis, early detection and betterment in treatment plan of sarcoidosis. The current review article gives a brief knowledge about etiopathogenesis, Clinical features, upgraded diagnostic methods such as biomarkers detection and the organized treatment plan to treat sarcoidosis.
Atraumatic herniation of buccal pad of fad in a neonate - A case report
Authors: Chaturvedi Yogita , Chaturvedi Saurabh , Sundaragiri Krishna Sireesha , Choudhary Seema
Published: April 2023

A case report of the clinical features and follow-up of an unusual case of a three-day-old baby boy with bilateral protrusion of the buccal pad of fat into the oral cavity. A follow-up of two years is also presented here. No history of trauma was reported. The swellings gradually decreased in size and finally disappeared by the age of 22 months. Hence, the clinician should be aware about this self-limiting and self-disappearing developmental anomaly.
Plasma cells in oral lesion
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Mishra Deepika , Roychoudhury Ajoy , Bhalla Ashu Seith , Ramteke Prashant P. S. , Kumar Lalit
Published: April 2023

Objective:

Plasma cells can just represent a part of host inflammatory response or form the cornerstone of diagnosis such as IgG4-related disease (IgG4RD) and plasma cell dyscrasias and sometimes create a diagnostic dilemma. The study aims to discuss a series of plasma cell lesions which we encountered in the oral cavity, discuss the diagnostic conundrum of plasma cell lesions. We also propose a working classification for their interpretation.

Materials and Methods:

All plasma cell lesions affecting the oral and maxillofacial region were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. The cases were analyzed on the basis of histomorphology and immunohistochemical markers along with clinical, imaging and laboratory findings.

Results:

Thirteen (0.64%) of 2026 oral lesions were diagnosed with plasma cell lesions. Out of 13 cases, 9 were plasma cell gingivitis, 2 IgG4-RD, 1 plasma cell myeloma and 1 plasmablastic lymphoma. Representative case from each category is discussed along with one case of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC) masquerading as plasma cell dyscrasias.

Conclusion:

We discuss the practical difficulties faced during the diagnosis of these oral plasma cell entities along with a working classification and propose an efficient diagnostic scheme for the correct characterization of these lesions.
Mapping of journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology from 2011 to 2022
Authors: Chowdhry Aman , Kapoor Priyanka , Bhargava Deepak , Bagga Dinesh K.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (JOMFP) is a periodical publication and is one of the most prestigious dental specialty journals in India.

Aim:

To perform bibliometric analysis and network visualisation of articles published in the JOMFP.

Methodology:

Scopus online bibliometric search of articles published in JOMFP from 2011 (Issue 2, May–August) to 2022 (Issue 2, April–June) was performed. A total of 1385 articles out of 1453 were included for analysis. VOSviewer software was used for science mapping and network analysis of extracted data from JOMFP. Basic steps of bibliometric analysis including performance analysis, science mapping, and network analysis were performed to draw conclusions and recommendations.

Results:

The annual frequency of articles was maximum in the year 2019 with 150 articles. The most frequently appearing keywords were “oral squamous cell carcinoma” and “immunohistochemistry”. The mean count of the top 10 cited articles and authors was 144.6 and 293.2, respectively.

Conclusion:

More efforts are warranted not only for increasing the volume of quality papers in JOMFP but also to enhance the collaborations between the various authors and research groups. Large volumes of laboratory and clinical-based research have been published in JOMFP from every part of India; thus, this journal truly represents the global face of Indian oral and maxillofacial pathologists.
Lymph nodes in health and disease – A pathologist's perspective
Authors: Priya N S
Published: April 2023

A lymph node (LN) being a unique immunological organ has the ability to adapt when exposed to emigrants. The structural and architectural components are tampered, and it acts as an efficient immune checker in the presence of an antigen and also exhibits a morphological drift when neoplastic cells evade the organ. So, understanding the basics of histology of a lymph node is essential for the better identification and interpretation of pathological events occurring in a lymph node. A phenomenon pertaining to LNs, interpretation of reactive and neoplastic lymph nodes at morphological levels and pathological diversity of LNs in selected disease processes are emphasised.
Comparative evaluation of serum high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein levels and glycated hemoglobin levels and periodontal status in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Shetty Shreya , Thoudam Bebika Devi , Thokchom Natasha , Khumukcham Sophia , Sajjan Akshata , Ponnan Soumya
Published: April 2023

Background:

High levels of cholesterol in the body can be alarming and point toward a possible cardiac or diabetic problem. Current evidence reveals that the harmful low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol tend to increase in poorly controlled diabetes, whereas the useful high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known for its protective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, is decreased. With a positive evidence of periodontal disease being implicated in diabetes, it was decided to investigate whether there was any association between serum HDL, LDL, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and periodontal status with Type II diabetes mellitus patients.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 500 nonsmoking patients (males and females) aged between 35 and 55 years with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and no other systemic disease were selected from the diabetic center, Diacon hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Periodontal examination consisted of the clinical parameters, namely, attachment loss, gingival index (GI) and plaque index based on which the patients were divided into periodontally healthy and diseased groups. Blood samples were collected from each patient to evaluate the serum levels of HDL, LDL and HbA1c.

Results:

No significant differences were observed between the HDL, LDL and HbA1c levels in both the periodontal groups (P > 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed significant positive correlations of clinical attachment level with LDL and negative correlation with HbA1c, whereas GI has a positive correlation with LDL and negatively with HDL and Hba1c levels (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Varied associations were found between dyslipidemia, glycemic control and periodontal inflammation. Further longitudinal as well as interventional studies may be beneficial to ascertain the causal relationship between cholesterol levels, periodontal status and diabetes mellitus.
Dermoscopic features of pleomorphic dermal sarcoma on scalp, mimicking squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cebeci Dua , İnan Mehmet , Kobat İbrahim
Published: April 2023

Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) is an undifferentiated high-grade tumour and is considered the most common primary soft tissue tumour in adults. The most common locations of PDS are the trunk, extremities and retroperitoneal regions. Skin involvement of PDS is rare, and involvement of the scalp is less common. Most cases of PDS appear as a gradually growing lesion for 1 to 2 years and are associated with ulceration and bleeding. The definitive treatment for PDS is usually surgical resection. We present an unusual case of a primary PDS involving the scalp of a 78-year-old male patient and discuss its unusual clinical presentation, dermoscopic features, histopathological correlation and its management.
Awareness of probiotics among dental practitioners of Puducherry—A cross-sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Santhanam Vidyalakshmi , Devi M , Aravindan R , Suganya Rajaram , Aroumugam Santhadevy , Babu M Aravind
Published: April 2023

Background:

The efficiency of probiotics in prevention and also treatment of oral infections including dental caries, periodontitis, halitosis is found to be appealing in the recent literature. Their antagonistic role in oral infections is mainly through formation of biofilm which needs documentation. Though the emergence and practice of oral probiotics is visualized for the past two decades, the consumption and knowledge level is found to be less among the community. Stronger source to spread scientific evidence to the community would be health professionals.

Aim:

The current study is aimed at assessing the level of awareness of probiotics among dental practitioners of Puducherry thereby aid and assist in the beneficial practice of the same in the community.

Methods:

The knowledge level was assessed through a cross sectional survey using closed ended questionnaire. Involves practicing dentists of Puducherry (n-173). A prevalidated questionnaire with 17 closed ended and one open ended question was employed as the research tool.

Results:

The results revealed an acceptable knowledge in 77.4% and a greater level of knowledge in 20.8% of dentists. More number of studies are expected to fulfill the lacunae in the field of safety of usage and long term effects of probiotics.

Conclusion:

Responses of the current study which was focused on dental practitioners revealed that the knowledge level is well above the acceptable level. There is no profound difference in the awareness level noticed among BDS and MDS practitioners..
Unveiling the arcanum of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival tissue blocks
Authors: Begum Sameera , Prabhu Vishnudas , Mohanty Varshasnata , Upadhyaya K. Krishnaraj , Abdulla Riaz
Published: April 2023

Background:

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks are routinely preserved after pathological diagnosis and possess tremendous potential for biomarker discovery. These archival samples are prone to degradation on prolonged storage due to the formalin cross-linking.

Aims:

This study aimed to evaluate whether the storage period of the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor blocks had a significant impact on the yield and purity of the isolated DNA archived for 11 years.

Settings and Design:

A retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology in accordance with the Institutional Ethics Committee.

Materials and Methods:

Genomic DNA extraction was performed using TaKaRa DEXPAT Easy DNA kit from 40 FFPE tissue blocks of oral squamous cell carcinoma archived for 11 years (2006–2017). NanoDrop spectrophotometer was used to determine the DNA yield (A260) and purity (A260/A280 ratio). The quality of DNA fragments was validated using agarose gel electrophoresis.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical analysis was obtained by SPSS 22, MS Excel and analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. P < 0.05 was set for statistical significance.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference observed both in terms of DNA yield (P = 0.996) and purity (P = 0.997) of FFPE tumor blocks archived for 11 years among the study groups.

Conclusions:

It was concluded that, irrespective of years of storage of the FFPE, it is possible to extract genomic DNA and use it for molecular studies.
A retrospective study on immunohistochemical evaluation of CD34 in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus
Authors: Shrikaar Manisha , Suwasini S , Chatterjee Kabita , Jha Anju , Kumar Madhuresh , Dave Kajal
Published: April 2023

Context:

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with an autoimmune inflammatory pathogenesis. Although the etiology of OLP is not known, it is considered to be a T-cell-mediated inflammatory disorder. Angiogenesis is the neoformation of anomalous blood vessels in preexisting vascular structures. Chronic inflammatory disease has been related with stimulus of uncharacteristic angiogenesis.

Aim:

The objective of this study was to analyze and appraise the role of angiogenesis in lichen planus by the expression of CD34 immunohistochemistry.

Material and Methods:

Group I, the control group, comprised 10 cases. Group II comprised 30 diagnosed cases of OLP. These 40 tissues were gauged for microvessel density (MVD) in four selected areas with high inflammatory infiltrate for the expression of CD34 antibody using immunohistochemistry.

Results and Conclusion:

Using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple comparison test we observed a significant difference between the groups (P < 0.0001). Patients with erosive pattern (146.30 ± 16.59) show the highest CD34 MVD than the patients with reticular pattern (104.90 ± 10.61), followed by normal subjects (43.04 ± 8.70). Hence, it can be concluded that angiogenesis is related to the pathogenesis and progression of OLP.
Decoding the link associated with areca nut chewing and cardiovascular disease using hsCRP as a biomarker
Authors: Vasanthi V , Thavarajah Rooban , Rao Umadevi K. , Joshua Elizabeth , Ranganathan Kannan
Published: April 2023

Background:

Chewing of areca nut is associated with various oral and systemic ill effects. The deleterious oral effects of areca nut have been widely documented to range from reactive lesions, periodontal health compromise to oral pre-cancer and cancerous states and have been described widely in the literature. The reported systemic effects of areca nut chewing are relatively less documented but reported in literature. Areca nut chewing may predispose to cardiovascular disease due to a systemic inflammatory response from the elevated levels of circulating inflammatory mediators. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a systemic inflammatory biomarker to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among areca nut chewers (n = 50) and non-chewers (n = 50). Areca nut chewers were considered as chewers/cases. Blood samples were collected from the participants and hsCRP levels were studied. The data were analysed using SPSS software, version 21 for statistical significance. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Mann–Whitney U test was done to analyse continuous variables. The level of statistical significance was set at P value < 0.05.

Results:

hsCRP mean was higher among the chewers (2.3 ± 3.7) compared to non-chewers (0.9 ± 1.3). The difference in hsCRP levels between the study group was statistically significant (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates the link between areca nut and cardiovascular disease using hsCRP as biomarker.
A buccal mucosa ulcer as the first sign of tuberculosis
Authors: Pina Paulo S. S. , Lemos Celso A. , de Sousa Suzana C. O. M.
Published: April 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused mostly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Oral lesions caused by this disease are not common, and most of them represent secondary involvement of the initial pulmonary focus. Therefore, the discovery of lung tuberculosis because of the investigation of oral lesions is rare. This paper reports a case of a 61-year-old male patient who presented with a painfully ulcerated lesion in labial commissure and buccal mucosa, without any comorbidities or symptoms associated. An incisional biopsy was performed, and histopathology showed a chronic granulomatous lesion extending to involve the underlying muscle. Based on these findings, investigation for tuberculosis was suggested. Chest radiography displayed excavated macronodular lesions suggestive of an inflammatory-infectious/granulomatous process of bronchogenic dissemination. The search for acid-alcohol–resistant bacillus in sputum was positive. After using drug therapy for tuberculosis for 3 months, there was a total regression of the oral lesions, in addition to weight recovery in the period. Thus, in patients with isolated oral mucosa lesions, we must consider the possibility of oral manifestation of systemic diseases, even without typical clinical signs and symptoms.
Correlation of density of microvessels and myofibroblasts with the aggressiveness of central giant cell granulomas of jaws
Authors: Soni Jigar N. , S. Phulari Rashmi G. , Shah Arpan K.
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a fairly common lesion involving the jaw bones. CGCG can show relatively innocuous biological behaviour or it may show clinicoradiological features suggestive of aggressive biological behaviour. To date, there are no histological parameters which can be used to predict the behaviour of these lesions. This study was conducted to assess the utility of parameters of angiogenesis, i.e., total vascular area (TVA), mean vascular area (MVA) and microvessel density (MVD), and density of myofibroblasts in aggressive and non-aggressive CGCGs.

Materials and Methods:

The study was undertaken as a retrospective study. A total of 20 previously diagnosed cases (10 non-aggressive and 10 aggressive) of CGCGs were included in the study. The sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry using the markers CD34 and α-SMA. For the assessment of vascular parameters, image J software was used. The density of myofibroblasts was determined in each case ranging from score-1 to 4, using the criteria given by Sridhara et al. The correlation between mean values of vascular parameters and density of myofibroblasts with aggressiveness of CGCG was assessed using Mann–Whitney U test.

Results:

The result of Mann–Whitney U test suggested that the differences between the values of TVA (P < 0.001), MVA (P < 0.003) and density of myofibroblasts, i.e., SMA mean (P < 0.001) and SMA score (P < 0.001), in two groups are statistically significant. The formula for the assessment of aggressiveness was obtained using discriminant analysis.

Conclusions:

Angiogenesis and density of myofibroblasts significantly differ in aggressive and non-aggressive cases of CGCGs. The aggressiveness of CGCG case can be predicted using the obtained formula by entering the values of vascular parameters and myofibroblasts.
Papillary synovial metaplasia-like change in oral mucoceles
Authors: Pandiar Deepak , Anand Rahul , Kamboj Mala , Narwal Anjali , Devi Anju
Published: April 2023

Background:

Mucoceles are mucus-filled cavities and are broadly of two types: mucus retention cysts and mucus extravasation phenomenon. A wide variety of histological features have been documented in the literature. The present study was an attempt to study these histological features: papillary synovial metaplasia-like changes (PSM-like changes) in particular.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and five tissue samples of mucoceles were retrieved and evaluated for age, gender, type, site, color, etiology, symptoms, dimension of the lesion and presence or absence of PSM-like changes. The results were documented on Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed by using SPSS.

Results:

All 105 cases were of mucus extravasation phenomenon with a definitive male preponderance. The mean age of occurrence was 25.82 ± 11.65 years and a predilection for the lower lip. PSM-like changes were seen in 31 cases (Group II), and the remaining 74 cases did not show a definite presence of these features (Group I). The cases in Group II were statistically larger in dimension than Group I cases. No difference was noted in age, gender and laterality.

Conclusion:

PSM-like changes appear to be an underrecognized histological alteration seen in oral mucoceles and must be recognized to differentiate from other salivary gland entities showing papillary architecture.
Noneruption of teeth in amelogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Ray Jaygopal G , Dutta Sayani , Sarangi Snehanjan , Yadav Priyanka
Published: April 2023

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) comprises a complicated group of conditions, involving a structural defect of the tooth enamel, owing to certain genetic disturbances. It is expressed as an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked recessive trait. The structural pattern and clinical appearances of all the teeth, including those in the deciduous as well as the permanent dentition, are affected. It may be differentiated into three main divisions such as hypoplastic, hypocalcific and hypomaturative patterns. Eruption of tooth refers to a complex coordinated physiological process characterized by the movement of a tooth from its initial developmental position within the jaws to its final functional position in the occlusal plane, dictated crucially by dental follicle, bony remodeling metabolic alteration and molecular determinants. Alteration involving any one of the factors might cause hindrances. Herein, we report two cases with AI associated with noneruption.
Cemental annulation
Authors: Patil Aishwarya , Satish B N V S , Kondody Rony Tomy , Wali Vishal
Published: April 2023

Background:

Estimation of age is an important aspect in determining a person's identity. Since teeth are resistant to decay and degradation, estimation of age using dental structures may be a valuable tool in human identification. Recent research suggests that tooth cemental annulation could be used as an effective method for age estimation than other morphologic or histological parameters.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 100 extracted teeth were chosen. Using a hard tissue microtome (SP 1600) longitudinal and transverse ground sections of 100 μm thickness of each tooth were prepared. It is further examined under light microscopy, polarized microscopy and phase-contrast microscopy. The images of longitudinal and transverse were magnified on a computer and the cemental lines were counted.

Results:

The present study showed is a strong positive correlation for cemental annulation between the calculated age and estimated age when phase-contrast microscopy was used in both longitudinal and transverse sections when compared with other microscopes. The correlation coefficient value was found more significant in the longitudinal section which implies that the phase-contrast microscope was highly reliable and had a significant correlation (P < 0.001) with the actual age compared to other microscopes.

Conclusion:

Cemental annulation by various microscopes improves accuracy in the prediction of age and also it allows for age estimation in cases where skeletal fragments are poorly preserved.
Spindle cell haemangioma – Report of a rare entity
Authors: Savithri Vindhya , Suresh Rakesh , Janardhanan Mahija , Aravind Thara
Published: April 2023

Spindle cell haemangioma is a rare benign vascular neoplasm. Its occurrence in the oral cavity is uncommon and may be mistaken for other common oral lesions such as mucoceles or fibromas. Microscopically, it has features which are similar to those of other vascular neoplasms and may be a cause for potential mis-diagnosis. In this article, we report a case in the lower lip of a young male patient.