bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan Limbah Ampas Kopi dan Kelapa Berbasis Zero Waste sebagai Pupuk Organik terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung Manis
Authors: Analisa Widya
Published: October 2024

Jagung manis adalah tanaman yang ditanam untuk konsumsi manusia dan makanan olahan industri di seluruh dunia. Berdasarkan hitungan Direktoran Jenderal Tanaman Pangan Kementan, produksi jagung manis dalam 5 tahun terakhir meningkat rata-rata 12,49 persen per tahun. Dalam menjawab tantangan memenuhi kebutuhan pangan khususnya jagung manis yang terus meningkat, penggunaan pupuk hijau atau pupuk organik dapat menjadi alternatif menarik. Pemanfaatan limbah ampas kopi dan ampas kelapa dapat dijadikan salah satu bahan pembuatan pupuk organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis pupuk organik dan dosis terbaik pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis. Selain itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi tetntang pengolahan limbah ampas kopi dan ampas kelapa menjadi produk yang bermanfaat dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan perlakuan sebagai berikut : K1 : Kontrol (tanpa pemberian pupuk); K2 : Kontrol Pupuk Sintetik (NPK Mutiara 16:16:16); A1 : Pupuk Organik Ampas Kopi 150 g/tanaman; A2 : Pupuk Organik Ampas Kopi 200 g/tanaman; A3 : Pupuk Organik Ampas Kelapa 150 g/tanaman;  A4 : Pupuk Organik Ampas Kelapa 200 g/tanaman; A5 : Pupuk Organik Ampas Kopi dan Ampas Kelapa 150 (75+75) g/tanaman; dan A6 : Pupuk Organik Ampas Kopi dan Ampas Kelapa 200 (100+100) g/tanaman. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan A4 atau dengan pemberian pupuk organik ampas kelapa sebanyak 200 g/tanaman berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, bobot berangkasan basah dan kering, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol dan bobot tongkol. Hasil pemberian pupuk organik ampas kelapa sebanyak 200 g/tanaman sebagai perlakuan terbaik memberikan hasil yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan kontrol pemberian pupuk sintetik NPK.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK KASCING, POC DAN INTERAKSI KEDUANYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAWANG MERAH
Authors: Nur Halimatuz Zuhra
Published: October 2024

Produksi Bawang Merah di Provinsi Aceh pada tahun 2023 mencapai 13.029 ton/tahun. Sedangkan kebutuhan bawang merah untuk di konsumsi berkisar 19.268 ton/tahun (BPS, 2024). Dari data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa, kebutuhan bawang merah di Aceh masih kurang. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi bawang merah adalah dengan cara menggunakan teknologi budidaya yang mampu meningkatkan produksi bawang merah melalui pendekatan teknologi organik. Teknologi organik dalam budidaya bawang merah dapat diterapkan guna meningkatkan produksi bawang merah. Alternatif yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan pupuk cair dan pupuk kascing pada budidaya bawang merah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Perkebunan Aceh Tengah Di Desa Lot kala – Kec. Kebayakan 2024. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial, dengan dua faktor yang diteliti, yaitu : Pemberian pupuk kascing (K), terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu (K0 : Tanpa Perlakuan; K1 : 100 g/polibag; K2 : 150 g/polibag; dan K3 : 200 g/polibag) dan pemberian POC, terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu (S0 : Tanpa Perlakuan; S1 : 150 ml/polibag dan S2 : 300 ml/polibag) perlakuan tersebut diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Dosis Kascing berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap jumlah daun minggu ke 4 dan 6, namun berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman minggu ke 2, minggu ke 4 dan minggu ke 6. Dosis kascing terbaik terdapat pada dosis 200gr/polibag. Adanya pengaruh nyata pemberian dosis POC berpengaruh sangat nyata pada jumlah anakan minggu ke 6, pengamatan juga berpengaruh nyata pada variabel jumlah daun minggu ke 4. Dosis terbaik terdapat pada 300ml/polibag. Terjadi interaksi yang nyata terhadap semua perubahan yang diamati yaitu tinggi tanaman minggu ke 2,4 dan 6, jumlah daun pada umur minggu ke 2 dan 4.
Pengaruh Pruning Pucuk Apikal Dan Posisi Penyerbukan Buah Terhadap Kualitas Buah Pada Budidaya Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Varietas Kirani Dengan Sistem Hidroponik Nutrient Film Technique
Authors: Wati Asiah , Nugrahini Tutik
Published: October 2024

Tujuan penelitian pengaruh pruning pucuk apikal, mengetahui pengaruh posisi penyerbukan buah dan mengetahui interaksi pruning pucuk apikal dan posisi penyerbukan buah terhadap kualitas buah pada budidaya melon Untuk mendapatkan mencapai tujuan dari penelitian ini melakukan pengambilan data berupa ; Berat buah, diameter buah, tebal daging buah dan tingkat kemanisan buah. Penelitian Kelurahan Sempaja Timur, Kecamatan Samarinda Utara, Kota Samarinda, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 4 (empat) bulan, mulai dari bulan Januari sampai dengan April 2024. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial dengan perlakuan pertama yaitu dengan taraf p22 (pruning pada ruas 22), p24 (pruning pada ruas 26), p28 (pruning pada pada ruas 28) dan p30 (pruning pada ruas 30) dan perlakuan posisi penyerbukan buah padat 4 taraf yaitu ; b9 (buah pada ruas 9), b10 (buah pada ruas 10), b11 (buah pada ruas 11) dan b12 (buah pada ruas 12). Hasil penelitian pada perlakuan pruning (p) pada taraf p24 (pruning ruas 24) berpengaruh nyata pada parameter berat buah, diameter buah dan tingkat kemanisan, perlakuan posisi penyerbuhan (b)pada taraf b9 berpengaruh nyata pada berat buah, diameter buah dan tingkat kemanisan dan interaksi pruning pucuk apikal dan posisi penyerbukan buah dengan taraf p24b9 berpengaruh nyata pada parameter berat buah, diameter buah dan tingkat kemanisan
 
Kata kunci : teknik budidaya, smart farming, hasil
The Effect of Providing Household Waste Trichocompost and Pelangi NPK on the Growth of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Seedlings in Pre-Nurseries
Authors: Hamidah Hamidah , Noor Rustam Baraq
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Mikael.T, Pengaruh Pemberian Trichokompos Limbah Rumah Tangga dan NPK Pelangi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Pembibitan Pre-Nursery, dibawah bimbingan Rustam Baraq Noor, dan Hamidah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis terbaik Trichokompos limbah rumah tangga, pupuk NPK Pelangi dan interaksi Trichokompos limbah rumah tangga dan pupuk NPK Pelangi terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit di Pre-nursery. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Widya Gama Mahakam Samarinda, dan dilakukan selama 3 bulan, mulai dari bulan Desember 2023 sampai dengan Februari 2024. Penelitian ini disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial, secara Keseluruhan terdapat 4 x 3 = 12 kombinasi perlakuan, dan setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga menjadi 36 satuan percobaan, Faktor pertama adalah Trichokompos (T) terdiri atas 4 taraf yaitu, T0= tanpa perlakuan (kontrol), T1= dosis 200 g/polybag, T2= dosis 250 g/polybag, T3= dosis 300 g/polybag. Faktor kedua adalah pupuk NPK Pelangi
(N) terdiri atas 3 taraf yaitu N0= tanpa perlakuan (kontrol), N1= dosis 20 g/polybag, N2= 30 g/polybag. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahawa pemberian Trichokompos limbah rumah tangga berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 9 MST dan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 12 MST dan jumlah daun 12 MST, pupuk NPK Pelangi menunjukkan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 9 MST dan 12 MST, diameter batang 9 MST, jumlah daun 9 MST dan interaksi antara Trichokompos limbah rumah tangga dan pupuk NPK Pelangi berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 9 MST dan 12 MST (T2 N1), diameter batang 6 MST dan 12 MST (T3N1), dan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap diameter batang 9 MST (T3N1).
Kata kunci: Kelapa Sawit, NPK, Pupuk, Trichokompos
The Benefits of an Inclusive Karate Program on an Individual’s Well-Being
Authors: Kayama Michael
Published: October 2024

Happiness and longevity, including a desire to reach 100 years old and earn the title of “centenarian,” are common goals for many (Ekerdt et al., 2017). In Blue zones, or geographic areas with longer life expectancies, these goals often become a reality, with a greater number of centenarians observed than in other regions. Okinawa, Japan, for example, has a centenarian prevalence of 7234 per 100,000, exceeding the national average by 30% (National Institute of Population and Social Security Research [IPSS], 2022;  Human Mortality Database [HMD], 2021). In other developed countries such as Canada, where cultural factors promote sedentary lifestyle habits, the centenarian population is reduced by approximately half to 3664 per 100,000 (HMD, 2021). 
To combat this, the implementation of biohacks from regions such as Okinawa, where longevity is linked to social health and light exercise, may prove to be beneficial (Inoue et al., 2009; Kavedžija, 2015; Yamada et al., 2012). These biological strategies, implemented on a “do-it-yourself” basis, ultimately aim to improve quality of life and well-being (Meyer, 2020). Karate, an accessible Japanese exercise overcoming constraints such as poor infrastructure or access to healthy foods, is one such approach, ultimately supporting participants by promoting exercise and social connection  (Inoue et al., 2009).
Transforming the Music Listening Experience With Neural Headphones
Authors: Schon Julia , Hossain Eilora , Farrell Renee
Published: October 2024

Neural headphones are an innovative technology that integrates brain-computer interfaces with traditional headphones, offering a personalized and immersive music experience. By using electroencephalogram (EEG) sensors to monitor brainwave activity, neural headphones adjust sound characteristics in real-time to enhance the listener’s cognitive and emotional engagement. Such technology has the potential to transform how individuals interact with music, providing a tailored auditory experience. While promising, concerns about comfort, data privacy, and usability for certain populations exist. Emerging research highlights the potential benefits of neural headphones in improving cognitive function through alpha oscillation sound  stimulation. This paper explores the technology’s potential, risks, and social determinants affecting its adoption, alongside its broader implications for brain-computer interface applications in auditory experiences. Further exploration into the potential benefits and risks is needed to fully understand the scope of this innovation.
Pengaruh Karakteristik Petani dan Peran Penyuluh dalam Penerapan Budidaya Kacang Hijau di Kecamatan Kobalima Kabupaten Malaka
Authors: Salli Maria Klara , Muhammad Endeyani Vivitrida , Masria  , Pallo Marchy
Published: October 2024

Karakteristik individu petani dan peran penyuluh berperan penting dalam penerapan teknologi budidaya kacang hijau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis faktor-faktor tersebut. Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan dari Juli hingga September 2023 melalui survei di desa sentra produksi kacang hijau Kecamatan Kobalima, Kabupaten Malaka, dengan melibatkan 95 petani berpengalaman lebih dari 2 tahun. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan teknik scoring dan regresi linier berganda. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa petani rata-rata berada pada usia produktif, berpendidikan rendah, memiliki lahan 0,5-1 ha, dan berpengalaman lebih dari 10 tahun. Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap penerapan teknologi adalah kosmopolitan dan ketersediaan modal, sementara status lahan berdampak negatif. Peran penyuluh berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penerapan teknologi, sedangkan umur, pendidikan, luas lahan, lama usaha tani, dan partisipasi dalam kelompok tidak mempengaruhi. Implikasi penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penyuluh perlu fokus pada komunikasi inovasi yang mempertimbangkan kosmopolitan, modal, dan status lahan petani untuk meningkatkan adopsi teknologi budidaya kacang hijau.
Analysis Of Topic Movement & Conversation Membership On Twitter Using K-Means Clustering
Authors: Sediyono Agung , Valentino Hutagalung Josua , Solihah Binti
Published: October 2024

Humans are born to socialize with each other. Social media is one of the media to be able to socialize with each other. Twitter is one of the social media that contains hundreds of millions of tweets where the tweet contains news, products that are currently popular, even about the daily life of users who can change. Social Context Analysis is a tool to analyze social changes and individual needs in society from time to time. In this study, the author uses the K-means Clustering method to group topics on Twitter. In its implementation, this research is expected to be able to see the occurrence of topic movements and membership movements on Twitter topics.
'Ecce homo' ou les labyrinthes de la lecture
Authors: Couchot Hervé
Published: October 2024

The motif of reading is placed at the center of Ecce Homo as both a vital problem and a practice in action. Nietzsche undertakes to reread every one of his "so good books" except the one he is currently writing, placing his reader in a position identical to his own. Faced with this ultimate Nietzschean "Library of Babel," the reader will have to re-experience for himself what it means to read his works, and assess his own reading biases in light of the ascending or declining values associated with the text. Rarely noticed by its best commentators, Ecce Homo's "abysmal" mirrored reading device is also that of a labyrinth, haunted by the figures of Ariane and Dionysus, and its singular composition combines the doctrine of eternal return with the selective experiment of reading.
“And What about Pushkin?”, or Unfulfilled Attempt of Boris Porshnev to Become a Scholar of Pushkin
Authors: Kondratiev S. V. , Kondratieva T. N.
Published: October 2024

The article elucidates a lesser-known facet of the eminent Soviet historian Boris Fedorovich Porshnev, whose acclaim stemmed from the publication of a study on popular movements in France before the Fronde in 1948. Choosing the path to science, B. F. Porshnev, as it turns out, tried to interpret Pushkin’s legacy on the eve of the centennial anniversary of the poet's death (1937). Upon scrutinizing Boris Porshnev’s handwritten records in the context of his life, it was ascertained that the historian had laid the groundwork, amassed copious material, and had clearly intended to pen and publish an extensive treatise on the oeuvre of A.S. Pushkin. . He had outlined a prospective publication in eleven overarching principles, which he intended to expound upon. Boris Porshnev was looking for a connection between the artistic side and the socio-political views of the poet. B. F. Porshnev was interested in the “historical foundations” of Pushkin’s work and its main themes. It seems that in formulating his 11 theses and answering the question “what about Pushkin?”, he followed the already officially declared stereotypical image, the rapidly emerging canon. The authorities envisaged leveraging the cultural capital of yore, and the historian appeared to cautiously navigate this nascent trajectory. The fundamental tenets of B. F. Porshnev’s depiction of Pushkin are as follows. Pushkin is not just a contemporary figure, but also aligned with socialism. He enjoys popularity and possesses international appeal. Examination of his works is imperative. Previous interpretations of the poet were incorrect. Two themes predominate in Pushkin’s work: the people as the creator of history and revolution. Pushkin is an implacable enemy of autocracy. The romantic idealization of revolution (rebellion), designed to subvert autocracy, is supplanted by disenchantment and the conviction that a triumphant revolution is viable in the West, where it was executed by the bourgeoisie, but impossible (“reckless”) in Russia. Pushkin ascribed the failure of the Russian revolution to the resilience of autocracy and the incapacity of the fading nobility to foment a revolution. This explication of the reasons for the revolution’s failure is deemed inaccurate. The actual cause, unbeknownst to the poet, is the absence of a proletariat in Russia.
A. B. Ranovich’s “Essay on the History of Ancient Hebrew Religion” in the Context of Disputes about the Formation Stage of Ancient Eastern Societies (Late 1930s – Early 1940s)
Authors: Klyuev A. I. , Metel O. V.
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the materials of the discussion of the monograph by A. B. Ranovich, “Essays of the History of the Ancient Hebrew Religion”, submitted in 1939 for defense as a doctoral thesis. These materials, previously held in the archives of the USSR Higher Attestation Commission, have not been widely circulated in the scholarly community. It is imperative to introduce these materials into academic discourse to aid in the study of the development of Soviet historical science. The materials shed light on A. B. Ranovich’s role in advancing the Soviet model for studying early Christianity. They reveal that his initial attempt to obtain the degree of candidate of sciences was unsuccessful in 1935, and he finally attained the degree in 1938. In March 1939, he successfully defended his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences at a meeting of the Academic Council of the Faculty of History of Moscow State University. Moreover, the materials illustrate the intricate process of forming the Soviet canon of formation theory and the functioning mechanisms of the community of Soviet historians of antiquity. Specifically, Ranovich’s defense of his doctoral dissertation highlights the conflict between Moscow and Leningrad scholars, with both organizational and conceptual dimensions. The critique of Ranovich’s dissertation by V. V. Struve brings to light a new stage of debate on the formational affiliation of ancient Eastern societies, a fundamental question for Soviet historical science in the 1930s. This debate aligns with the longstanding dispute between Academician N. M. Nikolsky and V. V. Struve, wherein the deputy editor-in-chief of JAH took the position of Academician N. M. Nikolsky.
Is Gender a Synonym for Feminine or a Useful Category of Historical Analysis? (Review of Women’s and Gender History in Kazakhstan)
Authors: Shakirova S. M.
Published: October 2024

The article addresses the challenges associated with research in the field of gender and women’s history in Kazakhstan over the last decade. Primarily, historians have focused on women’s history, examining topics such as the role of women in traditional Kazakh society, the women’s emancipation in the USSR, women’s daily life, family and marriage relations, and women’s education. There remains a lack of clear differentiation between women’s studies and gender studies in historical works in Kazakhstan, as most authors use these terms synonymously. A significant portion of the research on the women’s and gender history of Kazakhstan is based on archaeology, ethnography, and the theme of “women and war”. However, in recent years, there has been a transition towards gender history, led by the scientific school of Professor Roza Zharkynbayeva from Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. Professor Zharkynbayeva’s work critically analyzes gender roles and power hierarchies regarding such topics as women and the Second World War, the heroism of women in the rear, women’s toponymy, women’s museums, and history textbooks. The article presents the results of bibliographic research that organizes the contributions of Kazakhstani scientists on women and gender issues.
“Interesting Cases”: On the Problem of Embezzlement in the Russian Army of the 18th – Early 19th Century
Authors: Volodina T. A.
Published: October 2024

The article is written mainly on the materials of military court cases from the Russian State Military Historical Archive, as well as regulatory and legislative sources. The author examines property crimes within the Russian army from a socio-cultural perspective. The author concludes that the tools and practices that served as constraints in plundering money and resources have evolved over several decades. The practice of intimidation and capital punishment, which originated under Peter I, very quickly proved to be uneffective. As a result, by the middle of the 18th century, a system was formed so that, aside from the usual financial liability of the perpetrators, criminal and disciplinary penalties, it was effectively complemented by the principle of the command vertical liability in the matter of compensation for damage, which gave it a special corporate character. A specific attitude towards damage also facilitated this. The claim arose from a specific military unit, not from the treasury. This damage could not be forgiven even by the emperor. Measures such as sequestration of the culprit’s real estate and extending material claims to their heirs further reinforced the corporate identity of the regiment’s property.
M. M. Speransky and the Problem of the Committee of Ministers in the 1st Third of the 19th Century
Authors: Andreeva T. A.
Published: October 2024

M. M. Speransky’s reform projects and notes are integral to understanding the historical development of the Russian state in the early 19th century. They provide valuable insight into the functioning of the Russian Empire’s institutions and its modernization. These documents cover the whole range of socio-political, economic and institutional problems, strategic goals, tactical guidelines, the most important directions, successive and distinctive features of the transformative policy of the two reigns – Alexander I and Nicholas I, as well as give an idea of the specifics of reform activities of the managerial elite of this time. “A truly statesman”, Speransky was highly esteemed as a statesman by his peers due to his merging of theoretical expertise and practical administrative skills. This article delves into Speransky’s perspectives on the institutional status of the Committee of Ministers within the power structure of the Russian Empire in the first third of the 19th century. It illustrates that his viewpoint on the Committee’s role changed based on the reform program's objectives, domestic and foreign political contexts, and strategic goals. Initially, Speransky acknowledged the Committee's role in state administration, but later during the reign on Alexander I contemplated its abolition due to overlapping functions with the State Council and the Senate. Ultimately, he proposed its transformation and integration with the Committee of Ministers.
The Problem of Internal Circulation of Foreign Coins in Russia in the 1830s
Authors: Romanov P. K.
Published: October 2024

The monetary circulation of the Russian Empire in the 1st half of the 19th century went through several stages: from silver monometallism to the assignation monetary system and back to silver monometallism. The assignation monetary system, established in 1812, represented a unique phenomenon of world monetary circulation. The issue of internal circulation of foreign coins persisted throughout this period. Despite the prohibition of the internal circulation of foreign coins at the inception of the first silver monometallism in 1810, this regulatory decree was not consistently enforced, leading to the illicit circulation and accumulation of foreign coins. The 1830s emerged as a pivotal period during which the challenges associated with internal circulation significantly disrupted monetary turnover. Notwithstanding these obstacles, the financial management, led by Finance Minister E. F. Kankrin, demonstrated reluctance to implement drastic measures. The analysis concludes that the financial management under E. F. Kankrin did not perceive the circulation of foreign coins as a substantial threat to the Russian monetary system and exhibited hesitation in pursuing radical interventions, save for certain individuals aligned with Emperor Nicholas I.
Eastern Regions in the Economic Strategy on the “Take-off” Stage of the Soviet Industrial System
Authors: Artemov E. T.
Published: October 2024

The article delves into the strategy and implementation of economic development in the eastern regions of Russia from the pre-war five-year plans to the “Kosygin reform”. It highlights the substantial growth in the importance of these regions in the national economy during this period. However, historical perspectives on the long-term consequences of the “Eastern shift” in the production and population proportions vary. Some researchers believe that such a course met and meets the fundamental interests of the country. Others dispute this, attributing it to excessive geopolitical ambitions and a distorted understanding of the economy’s actual needs. Based on the historiographic analysis and documentary sources, the author offers an interpretation of why the authorities prioritized the advanced economic development of the eastern territories and how they executed this strategy. It is concluded that implementation of such a course has led to a radical change in the territorial structure of production. At the same time, as the period under review drew to a close, the focus shifted from advanced development to sustaining the achieved level, resulting in a deceleration of economic growth in the eastern regions. This was primarily ascribed to the decreasing efficacy of the “socialist economic system” and the ruling elite's persistent aversion to reforming economic institutions. One overarching argument posited in the article is that there was a substantive “shift of productive forces” towards the East in the broader context of the Soviet era, coinciding with the period of the “take-off” of the Soviet industrial system. The foregoing allows us substantiating the relationship between high rates of economic growth and “intensive economic development” of the eastern regions of the country.
Implementation of the “Digital China” Initiative and Prospects for International Legal Cooperation in the Digital Age
Authors: Li Yao
Published: October 2024

At present, the world’s major advanced economies are improving their own digital governance systems and participating in the development of international digital economy rules, and in the process of building a digital China requires both technological support and legal safeguards. The study of China’s law-making experience should take into account important facts and practices. The article presents the achievements in the development of digital economy, reveals the specific measures of the Chinese government in building a digital rule of law, analyzes the model of using digital technology in judicial proceedings and building a digital procuratorate, considers the existing risks in international cyberspace, and suggests ways for China-Russian digital legal cooperation.
Collective Wisdom in Constitutional, Informational and Digital Dimensions: on the Concept and Nature of Popular Deliberative Constitutionalism for Public Law
Authors: Kravets I. A.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the scientific and intellectual origins of collective wisdom in the constitutional, information and digital dimensions, reveals the doctrinal approaches and normative foundations of popular deliberative constitutionalism, the development of an inclusive constitutional paradigm and its significance for the use of procedures and technologies for citizen participation, expert opinion and civil society institutions in the constitutional development, in social transformations, in constitutional changes brought to life by the needs of society and the state. Popular deliberative constitutionalism is identified in the article as a public legal meta-concept that explains the process and need for constitutional involvement of citizens. The author concludes that popular deliberative constitutionalism allows us to better understand the problems of implementing the principle of popular sovereignty in modern democratic states, create an optimal model and consider the forms of exercising the constituent power of the people when implementing constitutional changes. In the article, the author notes that the future of democratic constitutionalism is associated with the creation and use of collective intelligence technologies in the public legal sphere, which, in the context of the development of an algorithmic and information society, combine classical procedures for discussing constitutional issues and the use of aggregated preferences. The practical application of the achievements of natural and artificial intelligence is intended to discuss and resolve issues of public legal significance, is based on co-evolutionary development and leads to the emergence of mini-publics, civil assemblies, and constitutional crowdsourcing.
The experience of the COVID-19 pandemic and tolerance to uncertainty
Authors: Pervushina Olga N. , Fedorov Alexandr A. , Dorosheva Elena A.
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of the study of the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of tolerance of uncertainty. Respondents (N = 2,837) answered a series of questions regarding how they are dealing with the COVID-19 situation, and MSTAT-II questionnaire. It was found that the emotional background is dominated by such emotions as fear, irritation, anxiety and sadness. Tolerance of uncertainty turned out to be negatively associated with all negative emotions, which allows us to consider it as a resource that reduces negative experience in the current situation. Data was also obtained regarding the relationship between the characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic experience with the age and gender of the respondents.
Features of Aggressive Behaviour in Persons Legitimizing Aggression
Authors: Sultanova A. N. , Chut U. Yu. , Busygina G. A. , Sazhina D. A. , Mitenko A. A. , Karpotenko Ya. E.
Published: October 2024

Social efforts are aimed at minimizing the forms of aggression that, in a specific cultural and historical context, have been attributed to deliberate violations of the norms of society. Nevertheless, along with them, there have always been sanctioned and encouraged forms of violence in society, which have remained for a long time without the attention of researchers. Legalized aggression is a sanctioned and encouraged form of violence manifested in various spheres of life. The purpose of this article is to con-sider the relationship between the features of aggressive behavior and basic beliefs with the tendency to legitimized aggression among students of different courses of study. It was obtained that the most common way of expressing aggression is verbal aggression. It was revealed that people legitimizing aggression in different spheres of life are characterized by the presence of a basic belief about the ill will of the surrounding world, in addition, people inclined to legitimize aggression will be hostile to others and resort to aggression in the process of communication.
Türkiye’s Foreign Relations with Regional Blocs in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of AU and ECOWAS
Authors: HARUNA ABDALLAH IMAM
Published: October 2024

Strong foreign relations among nations are crucial for fostering global stability, economic growth, and cross-cultural understanding. A stable global system that resolves conflicts through dialogue rather than confrontation benefits from positive foreign relations. This paper examines Türkiye’s changing foreign policy approach towards Sub-Saharan African regional blocs, with an emphasis on their political, cultural, and economic facets. Türkiye’s strategic involvement with influential regional bodies such as the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), among others, reflects its broader objective to expand its influence and cultivate multifaceted partnerships across the African continent. The scope of this paper is limited to the AU and ECOWAS. Through a comprehensive analysis, the paper evaluates Türkiye’s economic initiatives, including trade agreements and investment flows, as well as its contributions to infrastructure development. The findings established Türkiye’s peacekeeping roles, cultural diplomacy, diplomatic efforts, and educational exchanges. Through the investigation of these diverse aspects, the conclusion outlines a comprehensive understanding of Türkiye’s place in geopolitical dynamics and regional integration in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Türkiye Multilateral Relationship: The Case of East Africa, IGAD, and EAC
Authors: ESHETE IBRAHIM MULUSHEWA
Published: October 2024

The 21st century geopolitical landscape has experienced a significant shift towards multidimensional cooperation and partnerships that transcend traditional borders. Türkiye, with its unique geographic position bridging Europe and Asia, has emerged as a prominent player in fostering diplomatic and economic relationships across continents. In recent years, Türkiye has particularly focused on East Africa, as well as its associations with regional bodies such as the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and the East African Community (EAC). This commentary examines the opportunities and challenges that characterize Türkiye’s interactions with these regions, evaluating the potential benefits and areas of friction in advancing these partnerships.
The Quest for Balance: Historical Background of Türkiye-Africa Relations
Authors: ÖZCAN MESUT , KÖSE MEHMET
Published: October 2024

The potential and problems in Africa have attracted the attention of several actors, including Türkiye, to the continent. This article aims to contribute to the debates surrounding this interest by analyzing common characteristics of Africa-oriented policies. In particular, this analysis focuses on the key parameters that shaped Türkiye’s initiatives through a historical perspective. We argue that the Turkish policy toward Africa revolves around several concepts. Our analysis of Türkiye’s Africa policy decision-making is structured around several guiding principles: a bipartisan approach, maintaining an autonomous policy, a rational and pragmatic approach, as well as mutual affirmation. To examine policy priorities across different periods, primary sources such as parliamentary minutes, election programs, and diplomats’ memoirs were analyzed, alongside periodicals from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The consistent principles of Türkiye’s Africa policy include bipartisan support across governments, autonomous decision-making, and a rational, pragmatic focus on economic diplomacy. Mutual recognition and respect for African sovereignty have also been essential, resulting in a positive reception and growing partnerships with African nations.
A rare cause of esophageal dysphagia due to dilatation of azygos vein
Authors: Singh Shubham Shravan Kumar , Ghatge Sharad Balasaheb , Asarkar Ajeya , Bagul Rahul Kalu
Published: October 2024

Dysphagia is defined as an inability to swallow or difficulty in the passage of food from the mouth to the stomach due to functional or mechanical obstruction of the luminal organ, including the oropharynx, esophagus, or gastric cardiac. The azygos vein (AV) begins as the confluence of the upper lumbar and right subcostal veins before it enters the thoracic cavity. It runs closely alongside the esophagus and thoracic duct through the posterior mediastinum, and it receives contributions from the left-sided hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins. The AV arches over the esophagus anteriorly before draining into the superior vena cava. Due to its close anatomical proximity to the esophagus, the AV can potentially cause dysphagia if significant pathology is present. The etiologies of esophageal dysphagia can be divided into structural and motor disorders. The structural disease can be further subdivided into intrinsic and extrinsic causes. External vascular compression is a rare but crucial consideration in diagnosing dysphagia, often linked to arterial abnormalities. Among these, an aberrant right subclavian artery – known as arterial lusoria – is the most common. In contrast, venous abnormalities are even less likely to cause a mass effect due to their relatively soft, compressible structure. Azygos vein aneurysms are uncommon and infrequently diagnosed.
БООРДУН ФУНКЦИЯСЫНЫН БУЗУЛУУСУНДАГЫ БЕЙТАПТАРДЫН ЛАБОРАТОРИЯЛЫК КӨРСӨТКҮЧТӨРҮНӨ САЛЫШТЫРМАЛУУ ТАЛДОО
Authors: Женишбекова З.М. , Марасулов А.А.
Published: October 2024

Боор ооруларынын диагностикасы учурда эң татаал көйгөйлөрдүн бири болуп саналат. Боордун катуу жабыркашы менен ооругандардын санынын өсүшү ишенимдүү диагностикалык маалыматты талап кылат. Боор функцияларынын көп түрдүүлүгү жана ооруларынын кеңири болгондугуна байланыштуу так жана туура диагноз коюуу үчүн, атайын лаборатордук изилдөөлөрдү жүргүзүү керек. Ар бир клиникалык кырдаалда диагностикалык тесттердин оптималдуу топтомун тандап алуу жана натыйжаларды оорунун клиникалык көрүнүшүнө ылайык чечмелөө зарыл. Күнүмдүк практикада жалпы кабыл алынган, билирубиндин курамы, аминатрансферазанын активдүүлугү ж.б клиникалык жана биохимиялык тесттер колдонулат. Бул макалада боор циррозу жана холелитиаз диагноздору менен №1 Шаардык клиникалык ооруканасынын хирургия жана тез жардам терапия бөлүмүндө даарыланууда болгон 231 бейтаптын боордун функционалдык абалынын көрсөткүчтөрүнө салыштырмалуу талдоо жүргүзүлдү.

Диагностика заболеваний печени в настоящее время является одной из самых сложных проблем. Возрастающее число пациентов с тяжелым поражением печени требует надежной диагностической информации. В связи с многообразием функций печени и широким спектром заболеваний необходимо проведение специальных лабораторных исследований для постановки точного и правильного диагноза. В каждой клинической ситуации необходимо подобрать оптимальный набор диагностических тестов и интерпретировать результаты в соответствии с клинической картиной заболевания. В повседневной практике используются общепринятые клинические и биохимические тесты, такие как содержание билирубина, активность аминотрансфераз и др. В данной статье проведен сравнительный анализ показателей функционального состояния печени 231 больного циррозом печени и желчнокаменной болезнью, находившихся на лечении в отделении хирургии и экстренной терапии Городской клинической больницы №1.

Diagnosis of liver diseases is currently one of the most difficult problems. An increasing number of patients with severe liver damage require reliable diagnostic information. Due to the variety of liver functions and a wide range of diseases, it is necessary to carry out special laboratory tests to make an accurate and correct diagnosis. In each clinical situation, it is necessary to choose the optimal set of diagnostic tests and interpret the results in accordance with the clinical picture of the disease. Common clinical and biochemical tests, such as bilirubin content, aminotransferase activity, etc., are used in daily practice. In this article, a comparative analysis of indicators of the functional state of the liver of 231 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and gallstones, who were treated in the department of surgery and emergency therapy of City Clinical Hospital No. 1, was carried out.
СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ МЕСТНОГО САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЯ СТРАНЫ
Authors: Адамбеков А.Д.
Published: October 2024

В современных условиях главная задача государственного регулирования состоит в том, чтобы содействовать социальной справедливости. С помощью местного управления и самоуправления осуществляется процесс организационного воздействия на состояние социальных, экономических, культурных и иных отношений в обществе в целях обеспечения эффективной деятельности находящихся в их ведении объектов хозяйства, инфраструктуры, объектов социального и культурного назначения. Естественно, что если с помощью управления общество осознает свои коренные интересы, то местное управление в лице государственной администрации и самоуправления должно в своих действиях определяться логикой экономического прогресса соответствующей территории. Сказанное позволяет сделать вывод, что местное управление, исходя из коренных интересов соответствующей территории, должно направить свои усилия на экономический рост, поскольку достижение успеха в этой области предполагает решение множества задач социального характера.

In modern conditions, the main task of state regulation is to promote social justice. With the help of local government and self-government, the process of organizational impact on the state of social, economic, cultural and other relations in society is carried out in order to ensure the effective operation of economic facilities, infrastructure, social and cultural facilities under their jurisdiction. Naturally, if the society is aware of its fundamental interests with the help of management, then local government in the person of state administration and self-government should be determined in its actions by the logic of the economic progress of the relevant territory. The above allows us to conclude that local government, based on the fundamental interests of the relevant territory, should direct its efforts to economic growth, since achieving success in this area involves solving many social problems.

Азыркы шарттарда мамлекеттик жөнгө салуунун негизги милдети социалдык адилеттүүлүктү өнүктүрүү болуп саналат. Жергиликтүү өз алдынча башкаруунун жана өз алдынча башкаруу органдарынын жардамы менен чарбалык объектилердин, инфраструктуранын, социалдык-маданий объектилердин натыйжалуу иштешин камсыз кылуу максатында коомдогу социалдык, экономикалык, маданий жана башка мамилелердин абалына уюштуруучулук таасир көрсөтүү процесси ишке ашырылат. алардын карамагында. Албетте, эгерде коом өзүнүн түпкү кызыкчылыктарын башкаруунун жардамы менен ишке ашырса, анда мамлекеттик башкаруунун жана өз алдынча башкаруунун инсанында жергиликтүү өз алдынча башкаруу тиешелүү аймактын экономикалык прогрессинин логикасы менен алардын иш-аракетинде аныкталышы керек. Жогоруда айтылгандар тиешелүү аймактын түпкү таламдарына таянуу менен жергиликтүү өз алдынча башкаруу органдары өзүнүн күч-аракетин экономикалык өсүүгө ба-гытташы керек деген тыянак чыгарууга мүмкүндүк берет, анткени бул жаатта ийгиликке жетүү көптөгөн социалдык маселелерди чечүүнү талап кылат.
ТҮРК ТИЛДЕРИНДЕГИ ФОНЕТИКАЛЫК ӨЗГӨЧӨЛҮКТӨРДҮН ИЗИЛДЕНИШИ
Authors: Ибрагимова А.А.
Published: October 2024

Эмгекте түрк тилдериндеги тыбыштык өзгөчөлүктөр иликтөөгө алынат. Үндүү жана үнсүз тыбыштар кеп агымында колдонулганда өз ара бири-бирине таасирлерин тийгизип өзгөрүүлөргө дуушар болот. Тил илиминде сөздүн курамындагы тыбыштардын төмөндөгүдөй фонетикалык өзгөрүүлөргө дуушар болушат. Аларга: үндөшүү закону, ассимиляция, диссимиляция, протеза, эпентеза, эпитеза, метатеза, гаплология, редукция, синкопа, апокопа, аккомодация, эллизия кубулуштары кирет. Аталган макалада түрк тилдеринде, анын ичинде кыргыз тил илиминде тарыхый өнүгүү жолу жана иликтөөгө алынышы ушул сыяктуу маселелер каралат. Ошону менен бирге түрк тилдериндеги тыбыштык өзгөрүүлөрдүн келип чыгыш себептери кеңири иликтөөгө алынат. Өзгөчө түрк тилдеринде, алсак, кыргыз, казак, түрк ж.б. тилдерде кездешкен үндөшүү закону көп түркологдордун көңүлүн буруп келген.

В работе исследуются звуковые особенности тюркских языков. Фонетические звуковые изменения были и остаются предметом пристального внимания лингвистов. Гласные и согласные звуки претерпевают изменения, взаимодействуя друг с другом при использовании в потоке речи. В лингвистике звуки, входящие в состав слова, претерпевают фонетические изменения. К ним относятся: закон созвучия, ассимиляция, диссимиляция, протеза, эпентеза, эпитеза, метатеза, гаплология, редукция, синкопа, апокопа, аккомодация, явления эллинизации. В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы исторического развития и изучения тюркских языков, в том числе кыргызского языкознания. Вместе с тем, причины возникновения звуковых изменений в тюркских языках широко исследуются. Особенно в тюркских языках, таких как кыргызский, казахский, турецкий и т. д. закон гласных звуков, встречающийся в языках, привлек внимание многих тюркологов.

The paper examines the sound features of the Turkic languages. Phonetic sound changes have been and remain the subject of close attention of linguists. Vowels and consonants undergo changes, interacting with each other when used in the flow of speech. In linguistics, the sounds that make up a word undergo phonetic changes. These include: the law of consonance, assimilation, dissimilation, prosthesis, epentesis, epithesis, metathesis, haplogroup, reduction, syncope, apocope, accommodation, Hellenization phenomena. This article discusses the issues of historical development and study of Turkic languages, including Kyrgyz linguistics. At the same time, the causes of sound changes in the Turkic languages are widely studied. Especially in Turkic languages, such as Kyrgyz, Kazakh, Turkish, etc. The law of vowel sounds found in languages has attracted the attention of many Turkologists.
Current state for stocks and fishery of saffron cod Eleginus gracilis (Tilesius, 1810) in the western Bering Sea
Authors: Novikova O. V. , Chernoivanova L. A.
Published: October 2024

State of stocks and fishery and some general features of biology are considered for saffron cod in the Bering Sea on results of bottom trawl surveys and commercial fishery statistics in 2000–2023. In 2023, the stock in the southwestern part of the sea is estimated in 114 . 103 t, in the northwestern part — in 20 . 103 t, and at the coast of Chukotka Peninsula — in 0.14 . 103 t. The average annual catch of saffron cod in the southwestern and northwestern parts of Bering Sea is amounted in 8.5 . 103 t and 1.1 . 103 t, respectively. The saffron cod fishery at Chukotka is absent.
Vector Autoregressive Spatio-Temporal (VAST) models for biomass distribution of pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus (Gadidae) considering water temperature at the sea bottom in the West Bering Sea zone
Authors: Kulik V. V. , Savin A. B.
Published: October 2024

High statistical significance of water temperature at the sea bottom T and depth D for distribution of pacific cod in the West Bering Sea fishing zone is found in several tested models tuned on the data of bottom trawl surveys conducted in the period between 1977 and 2021 not deeper than 400 m. The vector autoregressive spatio-temporal (VAST) models which included nonlinear dependencies of cod catches from T and D have the best generalization ability. Correlation between predicted by VAST models and observed distribution density of cod in the test data set are higher than that in simpler models trained using the full set of data. The VAST models produce continuous time series of cod biomass with estimates of their uncertainty and statistical weights of the model configurations relative to the test data. After stacking with statistical weights and previously published estimates of biomass, the obtained time series allow to estimate dynamics of biological processes deviations from stationary assumptions and to estimate approximately the volume of “extra” cod not considered by these processes in the Bayesian State-Space Surplus Production Model. The portion of “extra” cod increased sharply above 40 % in 2016 and reached the maximum of 49 % by 2018, then began to decrease. Sharp changes in the main EOF modes for T are revealed in these years. Thus, the hypothesis of cod redistribution in the Bering Sea due to changes of the cold pool area at the bottom was tested for the first time by statistical methods in space. Due to high errors of forecasts based on analysis of biological processes only, there is impossible to predict accurately dynamics of the cod biomass without predicting the water temperature distribution at the bottom of shelf.