bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inbred or Outbred? Genetic Diversity in Laboratory Rodent Colonies
Authors: Brekke Thomas D , Steele Katherine A , Mulley John F
Published: December 2017

Nonmodel rodents are widely used as subjects for both basic and applied biological research, but the genetic diversity of the study individuals is rarely quantified. University-housed colonies tend to be small and subject to founder effects and genetic drift; so they may be highly inbred or show substantial genetic divergence from other colonies, even those derived from the same source. Disregard for the levels of genetic diversity in an animal colony may result in a failure to replicate results if a different colony is used to repeat an experiment, as different colonies may have fixed alternative variants. Here we use high throughput sequencing to demonstrate genetic divergence in three isolated colonies of Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) even though they were all established recently from the same source. We also show that genetic diversity in allegedly “outbred” colonies of nonmodel rodents (gerbils, hamsters, house mice, deer mice, and rats) varies considerably from nearly no segregating diversity to very high levels of polymorphism. We conclude that genetic divergence in isolated colonies may play an important role in the “replication crisis.” In a more positive light, divergent rodent colonies represent an opportunity to leverage genetically distinct individuals in genetic crossing experiments. In sum, awareness of the genetic diversity of an animal colony is paramount as it allows researchers to properly replicate experiments and also to capitalize on other genetically distinct individuals to explore the genetic basis of a trait.
The Solar Panel’s Performance Dependence on Incident Radiation Intensity and its Surface Temperature
Authors: S. Soulayman  , M. A. Hababa
Published: December 2017

The effect of radiation intensity and temperature on the performance parameters of a solar panel is investigated experimentally using an indoor experimental setup, designed and constructed locally at Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology, Damascus. The experiments have been carried out under various intensity levels of radiation in the range of 700- 2000W/m2. The experimental results indicate that, radiation intensity has a dominant effect on current parameters. It is found that photocurrent; short circuit current and maximum current have been increased linearly with increasing radiation intensity. So, concentrating system may be regarded as a best choice to enhance the power output of solar system. The power density of the solar panel at 30oC increased from 1.86 mW/cm2 at 1300W/m2 to 3.59 mW/cm2 at 2000W/m2. The role of temperature on the electric parameters of solar panel is also considered. The practical local possible solar panel’s temperature was considered to be in the range of 10–70oC. The experiments cover this temperature range. Experimental results show that all electrical parameters of solar panel such as maximum output power, open circuit voltage, short circuit current, efficiency and fill factor have changed with temperature variation. As well as the amount of changes in these parameters in terms of temperature value have been obtained. According to results, the most significant is the temperature dependence of the voltage which decreases with increasing temperature while the current of the solar panel slightly increases by temperature. On the other hand, it has been observed that solar panel’s temperature has a dramatic effect on voltage parameters. Open circuit voltage and maximum voltage are decrease with increasing solar panel’s temperature. So, the maximum power density of the mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline silicon solar module decreased from 43.4 and 48.76/cm2 to 36.32 and 41.88mW/cm2 for temperature 10oC and 70oC respectively. When testing the effect of temperature on French Photo watt solar cells, obtained 20 years ago and encapsulated in a solar panel locally, in the temperature range of 10–90oC, it was found that, the open circuit voltage decreases by 1.87mV/ oC which is equivalent to 0.3% of the nominal value. The short circuit current intensity decreases by 20mA/oC which is equivalent to 1% of the nominal value. When comparing these values with those of the company presented at its electronic cite, Isc = +0,06%/°C; Voc = -0,34%/°C, one can conclude that aging effect is important on short circuit current intensity.
Calles sucias y cuerpos indecentes: el temor al otro en la ciudad de Valparaíso, 1876-1906
Authors: Ibarra Macarena , Páez Pablo
Published: December 2017

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Medicina, eugenesia y género: el aborto terapéutico en las mujeres con tuberculosis. Buenos Aires, 1920-1930
Authors: Rodríguez María Laura
Published: December 2017

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Relacoes entre religiao e Ciencia no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil: A Apometria como uma prática de Cura Espírita
Authors: Teixeira Beatriz , Sabbi Lins Dalvan Alberto
Published: December 2017

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TALENTOS EM GESTÃO E GESTÃO DE TALENTOS: ANÁLISE DA LITERATURA ACADÊMICA E DE PRÁTICAS CORPORATIVAS
Authors: Freitag Bárbara Beatriz , Fischer André Luiz
Published: December 2017

RESUMO A produção acadêmica sobre Gestão de Talentos é emergente, poucos são os estudos dedicados a entender o seu desenvolvimento teórico. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi analisar os conceitos de talento e gestão de talentos na produção acadêmica de Administração e a sua utilização no meio corporativo. É um estudo predominantemente descritivo, composto de levantamento da literatura e por dados empíricos referentes à definição de Talentos adotada por 471 organizações no Brasil. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo com a técnica de análise da expressão e suporte do software NVIVO 10. Foram analisadas as definições de talento declaradas pelas empresas em relação à literatura deste tema. Verificou-se que para cada empresa há uma definição de talento. Entretanto, há termos que se repetem nestas definições. Assim, foi gerada uma lista com as palavras mais frequentes para se referir a talento. A análise agregada dessa lista em relação à literatura de talentos e a de GT possibilitou consolidar os termos principais em duas categorias de atributos de Talento, sendo eles: os identificadores e os qualificadores. Este estudo se limitou ao estilo descritivo e se restringiu à utilização de dados secundários o que não permitiu análises em profundidade. Sugerem-se para estudos futuros, técnicas de estudo de caso longitudinais e pesquisas que busquem identificar como as empresas podem operacionalizar a GT de modo estratégico.
Selenium behavior in the soil environment and its implication for human health
Authors: Lopes Guilherme , Ávila Fabrício William , Guilherme Luiz Roberto Guimarães
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT Selenium (Se) is an important element that was discovered in 1817, and since the 1960s, it has been regarded as an essential micronutrient for both animals and humans, playing among other functions a relevant role in the antioxidant system of mammals. Inadequate blood Se levels in the human body is a well-known concern in many parts of the world. This malnutrition problem is often due to Se-poor diet, probably as a result of the low Se availability in soils where crops are growing. Nowadays, it is known that not only the total content, but also the inorganic and organic forms of Se contained in foods are important for human nutrition. However, paradoxically some regions of the world present high Se levels in soils causing several functional disorders and diseases in people who live in seleniferous areas. As essential micronutrient, Se should be supplied in controlled amounts to avoid harmful effects. Therefore, taking into account the importance of the soils as a way to ensure the adequate Se supply for the population, this review has dealt with Se behavior in soil environment (e.g., Se forms and adsorption and desorption reactions) and its relevance for the human health. As a final message, the further understanding of Se behavior in soils to predict its availability for crops in different systems will be a significant approach in future studies to establish forms and safe doses of Se to be added in fertilizers. Agronomic and genetic biofortification of staple crops with Se has been suggested as an important tool to improve Se intake by population in Se-poor sites.
Energy potential of residual maize biomass at different spacings and nitrogen doses
Authors: Ambrosio Rodrigo , Pauletti Volnei , Barth Gabriel , Povh Fabrício Pinheiro , Silva Dimas Agostinho da , Blum Hilbert
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT Agricultural residual biomass is an important source of energy, and its production and quality vary according to the crop management. This study aimed to assess the effects of plant distribution and nitrogen fertilization on the energy production potential of the biomass of maize cultivated under no tillage. The field experiment was installed in southeast Brazil using five nitrogen rates (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1) and two inter-row spacings (0.4 and 0.8 m). Grain yield, residual biomass productivity, and bioenergy potential in different parts of the plant (grain, stalk+leaf, husk, and cob) were assessed. No change in grain yield was observed using narrow row spacing. Stalk+leaf and husk productivity was higher using 0.8 m than using 0.4 m of inter-row spacing. Nitrogen application resulted in increased grain yield and biomass productivity. Nitrogen influences the bioenergy potential by increasing the biomass and calorific value. Application of the maximum nitrogen fertilization rate is recommended for grain yield considering the use of only the husk and cob can generate 2712 kWh ha-1 of bioenergy.
Predicting the metabolizable energy of first and second corn harvests for piglets
Authors: Esteves Lucas Antonio Costa , Oliveira Newton Tavares Escocard de , Huepa Laura Marcela Diaz , Ferreira Silvia Letícia , Castilha Leandro Dalcin , Pozza Paulo Cesar
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT Corn is one of the primary ingredients in swine diets, but there is a variation in its chemical composition and metabolizable energy (ME) content. Therefore, faster methods are required that can determine more accurate ME values to improve piglet diets. This study determined and predicted the ME of corn from first and second harvests for piglets. Two experiments were conducted to determine the ME values for 18 corn batches, evaluating corn from first and second harvests. The corn batches were analysed to determine the concentration of dry matter (DM), starch (ST), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and gross energy (GE). To determine the ME values, 40 piglets were used in each experiment, grouped into a randomized block design with four replicates. The ME of the corn from the first and second crops ranged from 3281 to 3509 and from 3143 to 3652 kcal/kg on an as-fed basis, respectively, and the fitted equations to predict the ME presented a low R2. The best fit equation for predicting the ME of corn for piglets was determined to be ME= - 6306.15 + 400.652ADF + 117.286ST + 24924.7Ca + 2489.66P - 148.41CP (R2=0.44) for the first harvest; ME= -7560.08 + 2.66895GE - 120.69ADF (R2=0.48) for the second harvest; and ME= 2848.95 + 68.5714NDF + 161.938EE - 5563.5Ca - 1454.2P (R2=0.41) for the joint harvest.
Opioids and immunosupression in oncological postoperative patients
Authors: Bonilla-García José Luis , Cortiñas-Sáenz Manuel , Pozo-Gavilán Esperanza del
Published: December 2017

Summary Introduction: Recent animal studies demonstrated immunosuppressive effects of opioid withdrawal resulting in a higher risk of infection. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of remifentanil discontinuation on Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU)-acquired infection after a schedule of sedoanalgesia of at least 6 days. Method: All patients over 18 years of age with a unit admission of more than 4 days were consecutively selected. The study population was the one affected by surgical pathology of any origin where sedation was based on any hypnotic and the opioid remifentanil was used as analgesic for at least 96 hours in continuous perfusion. Patients who died during admission to the unit and those with combined analgesia (peripheral or neuroaxial blocks) were excluded. Bivariate analysis was performed to determine risk factors for infection acquired in the unit. A comparative study between periods of 6 days before and after the cessation of remifentanil was performed. Paired samples test and McNemar test was used for quantitative and categorical variables, respectively. Results: There were 1,789 patients admitted to the PACU during the study and the population eligible was constituted for 102 patients. The incidence rate of PACU-acquired infection was 38 per 1,000 PACU days. Ventilator-associated pneumonia was the most frequently diagnosed PACU-acquired infection. Pseudomona aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated microorganism. Hospital mortality was 36.27%. No statistically significant differences were seen in the incidence of HAI in cancer patients in relation to discontinuation of remifentanil (p=0.068). Conclusion: The baseline state of immunosuppression of cancer patients does not imply a higher incidence of HAI in relation to the interruption of remifentanil. It would be of interest to carry out a multicenter PACU study that included immunological patterns.
Bariatric surgery in the elderly: A narrative review
Authors: Cazzo Everton , Gestic Martinho Antonio , Utrini Murillo Pimentel , Chaim Felipe David Mendonça , Callejas-Neto Francisco , Pareja José Carlos , Chaim Elinton Adami
Published: December 2017

Summary Introduction: Due to population ageing, the elderly obese population is increasing. Bariatric surgery is the standard treatment option for morbid obesity nowadays, but there is some controversy regarding its routine indication in the elderly population. Objetive: To review the current evidence about bariatric surgery in the elderly. Method: On-line search in the electronic databases Medline and Lilacs and compilation of the most significant data. The most relevant studies in the area over the past 16 years have been considered for this review. Results: There was significant methodological heterogeneity in the studies found in the literature. Historically, old age was associated with poorer outcomes after bariatric surgery, both in regards to early postoperative complications and less weight loss, and resolution of comorbidities. More recent studies have shown better results, with morbidity and mortality comparable to those observed in younger populations. More cautious patient selection and the evolution of the surgical technique appear to be the cause of such improvement. An extended multidisciplinary team including a geriatrician and a social worker may also help to improve the preoperative approach. Conclusion: Bariatric surgery is a safe and effective therapeutic option in the elderly population, but careful patient selection and specific preoperative assessment are mandatory.
A Criatividade Matemática nas Respostas de Alunos Participantes de uma Competição de Resolução de Problemas
Authors: Amaral Nuno , Carreira Susana
Published: December 2017

Resumo Assumindo a criatividade como um potencial que pode ser desenvolvido em todos os indivíduos, o objetivo deste estudo consiste em descrever, caracterizar e compreender a criatividade matemática manifestada nas respostas produzidas por alunos do Ensino Básico (10 a 12 anos) num campeonato de resolução de problemas de carácter inclusivo realizado através da Internet. A metodologia é de natureza interpretativa, utilizando a análise de conteúdo num conjunto de 10 resoluções a um dado problema. A análise apoia-se na aplicação de um referencial de criatividade matemática baseado nos parâmetros de originalidade, fluência e flexibilidade, adaptados à resolução de problemas matemáticos. Os resultados revelam diversas características da criatividade matemática nas produções dos participantes do campeonato, sobressaindo a primazia da originalidade que é reforçada pela capacidade de representação e de mobilização de conhecimento matemático. Apesar de ser variável a presença das três dimensões, o seu efeito combinado é determinante na individualização de resoluções matematicamente criativas.
Aplicaciones de las Matemáticas a la Vida Diaria en los Libros de Aritmética Españoles del Siglo XVI
Authors: Madrid María José , Maz-Machado Alexander , León-Mantero Carmen , López-Esteban Carmen
Published: December 2017

Resumen Este trabajo presenta un estudio sobre algunos libros de matemáticas publicados en castellano durante el siglo XVI. A lo largo de él, se han identificado y categorizado los ejemplos utilizados en estos manuales y su relación con las situaciones cotidianas de la época. Para ello se ha realizado un análisis histórico-matemático apoyado en la técnica de investigación del análisis de contenido de libros de texto, ampliamente utilizado por diversos autores en investigaciones relativas a la Historia de las Matemáticas y la Educación Matemática. Todas las obras analizadas presentan, en general, bastantes similitudes. En ellas se incluyen un elevado número de ejemplos aunque la gran mayoría de ellos están relacionados con asuntos comerciales y otras situaciones cotidianas de mercaderes y contadores.
Correlation between tongue pressure and electrical activity of the suprahyoid muscles
Authors: Reis Vanessa Santiago dos , Araújo Taynara Gomes de , Furlan Renata Maria Moreira Moraes , Motta Andréa Rodrigues
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the correlation between the tongue pressure and the electrical activity of the suprahyoid muscles. Methods: a across-sectional, observational and analytical study conducted with 15 men and 22 women. Each participant underwent simultaneous assessment of maximal tongue pressure through the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) and the surface electromyography of the suprahyoid muscles. They were asked to press the tongue against the hard palate in the anterior and posterior region, with and without IOPI. The adopted significance level of the performed analyses was 5%. Results: there was a moderate and significant correlation only between suprahyoid electrical activity and tongue pressure in the posterior region. It was verified that the measured electrical potentials, when using the IOPI, were greater in the tasks of anterior pressure than in the tasks of the posterior one, bilaterally. Without using the IOPI, the electrical potentials were greater in the posterior pressure than in the anterior one, bilaterally. Finally, the values of lingual pressure were compared with the bulb positioned in the anterior and posterior parts, and the anterior tongue pressure was higher. Conclusion: there was a moderate correlation between tongue pressure and electrical potential of the suprahyoid muscles, researched by the surface electromyography, only when performing activities with the posterior portion of the tongue.
Efeito da Aplicação de Nitrogênio na Produção e Qualidade da Madeira e Carvão Vegetal de um Híbrido de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla
Authors: Assis Claudinéia Olímpia , Trugilho Paulo Fernando , Goulart Selma Lopes , Assis Maíra Reis de , Bianchi Maria Lúcia
Published: December 2017

RESUMO O trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito de diferentes doses de nitrogênio na produção de matéria seca e na qualidade da madeira e carvão vegetal de um clone híbrido de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, aos 6 anos de idade. Foram analisadas 40 árvores, sendo estudados 5 tratamentos em 4 blocos e amostradas 2 árvores por tratamento dentro de cada bloco. Os tratamentos consistiram da aplicação de 0 kg, 60 kg, 120 kg e 240 kg.ha-1 de nitrogênio (N), como sulfato de amônio, com o objetivo de avaliar se a resposta ao sulfato de amônio era exclusivamente devida ao N. Foi aplicado ainda um tratamento adicional, com aplicação de 120 kg.ha-1 de N como nitrato de amônio, totalizando 5 tratamentos. Foram avaliadas as características de crescimento da árvore, densidade básica, estimativa de massa seca, composição química e energética da madeira e as características físicas, químicas e energéticas do carvão. Observou-se que a produção de massa seca tendeu a aumentar com a aplicação da dosagem de nitrogênio. O efeito da dosagem de nitrogênio não influenciou a densidade básica e as características energéticas do carvão vegetal, porém os teores de nitrogênio elementar, extrativos totais e lignina na madeira apresentaram aumento com a nutrição aplicada. A nutrição utilizada não influenciou as características químicas e energéticas da madeira e do carvão vegetal.
Dimensionamento Amostral para Avaliação de Altura e Diâmetro de Plantas de Timbaúva
Authors: Cargnelutti Filho Alberto , Araujo Maristela Machado , Gasparin Ezequiel , Foltz Douglas Rodrigo Becker
Published: December 2017

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi estimar o tamanho de amostra para avaliar a altura de planta (H), o diâmetro do coleto (D) e a relação altura de planta/diâmetro do coleto (HD) de timbaúva (Enterolobium contortisiliquum) e verificar a variabilidade do tamanho de amostra entre tubetes, doses de fertilizante e idades de avaliação. Foram avaliados dez tratamentos, formados pela combinação de tamanhos de tubetes (110 e 180 cm3) e doses de fertilizante (0, 3, 5, 7 e 9 g L-1 de substrato), no delineamento em blocos, com quatro repetições. Em cinco idades foram determinadas H, D e HD. O tamanho de amostra para H, D e HD é dependente da idade de avaliação. Para os tamanhos de tubetes, doses de fertilizante e idades de avaliação, 22 plantas por unidade experimental (bandeja) são suficientes para estimar a média dessas características, para erro de estimação de 10% da média, com grau de confiança de 95%.
ESTÁGIOS DO CICLO DE VIDA E PERFIL DE EMPRESAS FAMILIARES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: FREZATTI FÁBIO , BIDO DIÓGENES DE SOUZA , MUCCI DANIEL MAGALHÃES , BECK FRANCIELE
Published: December 2017

RESUMO As características distintivas das empresas familiares, como a influência exercida pela família, adicionam complexidade aos modelos de ciclo de vida organizacional. Esta pesquisa analisa a relação entre os estágios do ciclo de vida organizacional (Lester, Parnell, Carraher, & Pamell, 2003) e os elementos de influência da família na empresa no modelo F-PEC (Poder, Experiência e Cultura). O estudo foi desenvolvido por meio de amostra de 117 empresas familiares brasileiras, sem a participação de empresas com ações negociadas em bolsa, e tratamento estatístico por meio de modelo de equações estruturais. Como achados, pode-se dizer que os elementos do F-PEC foram parcialmente identificados na amostra. O poder indica o controle da empresa pela família; a experiência indica o papel das diferentes gerações; e a cultura, os valores dos controladores. Em particular, deve ser destacado que, no nascimento, o poder e a cultura têm papéis importantes; na maturidade, a experiência e a cultura se destacam; e, no rejuvenescimento, o poder e a cultura foram identificados como caracterizadores. Em termos de artigo exploratório, contribui para o entendimento das organizações, proporcionando indicações para o desenvolvimento de análises comparativas e a atuação sobre as variáveis que proporcionam o planejamento de migração para estágios mais desejáveis, como crescimento, maturidade e rejuvenescimento.
Guerra e Paz em "Pierre Menard, autor do Quixote", de Jorge Luis Borges
Authors: Franco Gustavo Naves
Published: December 2017

Resumo O artigo propõe uma leitura de "Pierre Menard, autor do Quixote", conto publicado pelo escritor argentino Jorge Luis Borges em 1939, como uma sátira de hábitos e práticas de círculos literários franceses no momento que antecedeu a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Com a análise de matérias jornalísticas, resenhas e outros escritos do autor, seu comportamento diante da conjuntura política europeia do período é reconsiderado, conferindo ênfase a aspectos antes negligenciados pela crítica. Assim, as referências internas do conto são articuladas em uma chave interpretativa que pressupõe o debate sobre a guerra e a paz entre intelectuais da década de 1930.
Structure and dynamic of planktonic ciliate community in a large Neotropical river: the relevance of the pluviosity and tributaries in the biodiversity maintenance
Authors: Negreiros Orlando Pelissari , Segovia Bianca Trevizan , Lansac-Tôha Fernando Miranda , Meira Bianca Ramos de , Buosi Paulo Roberto Bressan , Cabral Adalgisa Fernanda , Silva Heloisa Santos , Lansac-Tôha Fábio Amodêo , Velho Luiz Felipe Machado
Published: December 2017

Abstract Aim: We investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of abundance and diversity of planktonic ciliate community, in the last undammed stretch of the Upper Paraná River, Brazil. Methods In order to reach this result, seven field campaigns were performed over two years. Plankton samples were collected from 10 transects through this stretch of the river (230 Km), near the banks and on the center, as well on seven of its tributaries. Results 118 ciliate species were identified, among which the peritrichs were the most abundant while the order Hymenostomatida was the most specious group. We recorded a remarkable increase in abundance and species richness along the river, especially in the rainy period. Moreover, in this period we found an increase in the beta-diversity along the river, which consists in a remarkable distinction among the low, middle and high stretch of the river. In this way, continuous changes in the community structure of planktonic ciliates were evidenced, highlighting the importance of the precipitation and tributaries in the maintenance of the highest regional diversity in the studied area. Conclusion Our results strongly suggest the requirement for conservation actions with the purpose to maintain those tributaries undammed, in order to avoid biotic homogenization processes and the consequent reduction of aquatic biodiversity in this important neotropical ecosystem.
Species inventory of aquatic macrophytes in the last undammed stretch of the Upper Paraná River, Brazil
Authors: Souza Douglas Costa , Cunha Eduardo Ribeiro , Murillo Raytha de Assis , Silveira Márcio José , Pulzatto Mikaela Marques , Dainez-Filho Mario Sérgio , Lolis Lucas Assumpção , Thomaz Sidinei Magela
Published: December 2017

Abstract The last undammed stretch of the Upper Paraná River in the Brazilian territory is, to date, not completely inventoried, which rises concerns given the rapid rates of species extinctions. Aim Here, we provide an inventory of macrophyte taxa recorded in the last undammed 230 km stretch of the Upper Paraná River. Methods We inventoried macrophyte taxa in 27 sampling stations including lakes, the main channel of the river, and the tributary confluences in November 2013 and in May and November 2014. Macrophyte were sampled in littoral zones. We explored taxonomic and life form aspects of the recorded species. We used species accumulation curves and ordination techniques to summarize the variation in richness and composition of macrophyte species. Results We recorded 71 macrophyte taxa in 35 families. Most species were emergent, amphibian, free-floating, and rooted submerged. At the main channel of the Upper Paraná River, Eichhornia azurea, E. crassipes, and Paspalum repens represented the most frequent species. The most frequent species in the tributary confluences were Ludwigia sp., E. azurea, and Polygonum ferrugineum, while in lakes, Ludwigia sp., Oxycaryum cubense, and E. azurea were the most representative taxa. In regard to macrophyte composition, the invasive Hydrilla verticillata mostly influenced sites in the Upper Paraná River, in the ordination space, while floodplain lakes were mostly characterized by the presence of species such as Scleria melaleuca, Panicum maximum, and Thelypteris sp., among others. Conclusions Our study indicates that the last undammed stretch of the Upper Paraná River contains a large number of macrophyte species, suggesting that this stretch is an important area for the conservation of macrophyte species. In addition, the occurrence of invasive species (e.g., Hydrilla verticillata) within the investigated stretch deserves attention in terms of potential impacts for which management action may be necessary.
Phytoplankton functional groups indicators of environmental conditions in floodplain rivers and lakes of the Paraná Basin
Authors: Zanco Barbara Furrigo , Pineda Alfonso , Bortolini Jascieli Carla , Jati Susicley , Rodrigues Luzia Cleide
Published: December 2017

Abstract Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of phytoplankton functional groups as indicators of environmental conditions in floodplain rivers and lakes with different trophic state and connectivity degree to the Paraná River. Phytoplankton functional groups (FGs) cluster sensitive species to environmental variation and can be an alternative for environmental monitoring. Methods Samples were performed quarterly from 2010 to 2013 in the Ivinhema, Paraná and Baia Rivers and in three lakes permanently connected to each river. Results 419 taxa were identified, and those taxa that had values greater than 5% of the total biovolume were classified into FGs (P, C, A, B, MP, H1, W1, J, TD, LO, and N). The lakes presented higher biovolume and were more productive than rivers, especially in the dry periods. The rivers presented light limitation and low phytoplankton development. The FG LO was an indicator in rainy seasons. Both rivers and lakes were mostly oligotrophic. We registered FG indicators only for the lakes (A, B, C, E, LO, P, and W1) and mesotrophic environments (A, B, C, E, J, LO, and P). Conclusion The FGs reflected the seasonal variation and the trophic state of environments in the upper Paraná River floodplain, mainly in the lentic environments. The species-environment relationship (FGs as indicators) was clearer in the lakes, probably because of the longer water retention that allows evidencing the response of the phytoplankton community to environmental factors. On the other hand, the absence of FGs as indicators in the rivers could be due to the high water flow that promotes dispersal stochasticity and masks the relationship between the environmental factors and the phytoplankton community. Thus, phytoplankton FGs proved to be a viable tool to evaluate the environmental conditions in a floodplain.
A multi-input deterioration-prediction model for asphalt road networks
Authors: Mahmood Maher , Rahman Mujib , Mathavan Senthan
Published: December 2017

This paper presents an innovative network-level, multi-input deterioration-prediction model for flexible asphalt pavements specific to four climatic conditions (wet freeze, wet non-freeze, dry freeze and dry non-freeze) and for two classes of roads (high-capacity arterials and low- to medium-capacity collectors). The model considers the impact of climate, maintenance, construction, material properties, age, traffic and surface distress such as cracking. Condition data from the US long-term pavement performance database were used to determine changes of pavement condition index (PCI) over time and then utilised in a regression analysis. The prediction model showed good accuracy with a high determination coefficient. A sensitivity study showed that while the age of construction and traffic are largely responsible for pavement deterioration, the area and length of cracks appearing on the road surface can be effectively used in the prediction model. Maintenance has a positive impact on the model performance, showed in improvement of PCI. The model is simple and versatile and has the potential to be adopted in countries with similar climate and traffic conditions.
Depression among smokers of a web-based intervention to quit smoking: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pinto Gomide Henrique ,   Centro de Ensino Superior de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,   Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Rodrigues Teixeira de Carvalho Cristiana , Lovisi Menezes Miriane , Gazolla de Oliveira Isadora , Giovannini Furtado de Mendonça Renata , Duque de Albuquerque Júnior Roberto , Munck Machado Nathália , Russi Ervilha Rafaela , Costa Rizuti da Rocha Thiago , Soares Bernardino Heder , Mota Ronzani Telmo
Published: December 2017

Introduction. Web-based interventions for smoking cessation are an innovative strategy to reduce the burden of smoking. Although many web-based interventions are freely available in many languages and have proven to be effective, so far no study has covered in detail the association between depression and smoking. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression among users of the Viva sem Tabaco, a web-based intervention for smoking cessation. Method. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. In the internet-based intervention participated 1 433. Inclusion criteria were: being 18 years or older and a smoker; exclusion criteria were: omitting to fill out two questions of the screening depression questionnaire PHQ-2 and having made multiple accesses within a limited time span, characterizing invalid access. At the end, the sample had 461 participants. Participants answered questions related to sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco history, depression (PHQ-2 and PHQ-9), alcohol use, and intervention use. Results. Participants average age was 42.3 years (SD = 12.1). Most participants were female (67%), and 70% were employed during the time of the study. From the total sample, 36.4% of the participants presented depression according to PHQ-2. Being screened with depression was associated with tobacco dependence (OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.20), and associated with not having a job (OR = .53; 95% CI = .29, .97). Discussion and conclusion. Depression may be a factor to be considered in programs that offer support to quit smoking through the internet for Portuguese Speakers.
Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with dual disorders in a psychiatric hospital
Authors: Castaño Pérez Guillermo Alonso ,   Grupo de Investigación en Salud Mental, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia., Rojas Bernal Luz Angela , Bareño Silva José , Sierra Hincapié Gloria María
Published: December 2017

Introduction. Among patients with mental illness, dual disorders patients are characterized by a heterogeneous and more severe clinical presentation that is difficult to treat. Therefore, knowledge about the distribution of this disorder and the characteristics of these patients can be helpful to optimize and organize health resources. Objective. To explore the prevalence and socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with dual disorders patients who were hospitalized due to mental illness at a psychiatric unit in Colombia between January and June 2013; this data was collected and analyzed on the basis of the medical records of each patient. Method. Observational, quantitative, cross-sectional study of a secondary source. It included the analysis of 201 patients aged 18 to 65. Results. There were 201 patients analyzed; 45.3% had dual disorders, with a ratio of 2.24 men:women; there was a high frequency of single marital status (69.2%) and more than 90% had a low socioeconomic level. The factors significantly associated with dual disorders in order of importance were: age from 18 to 35 years (OR = 11.03; CI 95% [4.43, 27.46]), male (OR = 5.10, CI 95% [2.26, 11.50]), history of aggression (OR = 3.35; CI 95% [1.63, 6.91]), and readmission in the year after hospital discharge (OR = 2.23; CI 95% [1.08, 4.61]). Discussion and conclusion. Dual disorders prevalence in this study is similar to that found by other authors. The high prevalence of dual disorders requires specialized therapeutic programs for treatment. The more hospitals know about the associated variables in this study, the more they will be able to improve their approach to patients.
Early cannabis use and its relation to the development of psychiatric disorders: a review
Authors: Roncero Carlos ,   Servicio de Psiquiatría, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Instituto de Biomedicina de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España., Palma-Álvarez Raúl Felipe , Barrau Víctor , Urbano Neide , Martínez-Luna Nieves , Ortiz-Medina María Bettina , Daigre Constanza ,   Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebrón, CIBERSAM. Barcelona, España.,   Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.,   Sección de Adiciones y Patología Dual. Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebrón-ASPB, Barcelona, España.,   Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d’Hebrón, Barcelona, España.,   Área de Psiquiatria da Infância e da Adolescência, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Lisboa, Portugal.,   Área de Psicogeriatría, Hospital Mare de Deu de la Mercè, Barcelona, España.
Published: December 2017

Background. Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug in the world. Both an early cannabis use onset and the amount used contribute to the risk of suffering mental disorders in adulthood. Objective. Review longitudinal studies conducted on adolescents associating early cannabis use with the subsequent occurrence of mental disorders. Method. A search was conducted in PubMed until December 2016, focusing on longitudinal researches and prioritizing studies that clearly distinguished between an early and late onset of cannabis use. To achieve the objective, the word “cannabis” was used in combination with the main psychiatric diseases. A manual search of articles that appeared in the references was also conducted. Results. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, but only five studies discriminated clearly between early and late onset of cannabis use. An association was found between early onset of cannabis use and mental disorders, particularly psychosis. The information regarding affective and anxiety disorders is more controversial. Discussion and conclusion. Early onset of cannabis use is associated with mental disorders, especially psychosis. Prevention plans for cannabis use in adolescents should be developed in order to decrease the risk of mental disorders.
Current psychological therapeutic approaches for gambling disorder with psychiatric comorbidities: A narrative review
Authors: Echeburúa Enrique ,   Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del País Vasco, San Sebastián, España., Amor Pedro J , Gómez Montserrat ,   Departamento de Psicología de la Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, España.,   Instituto de formación continua-IL3, Universidad de Barcelona, España. Institut de Diagnòstic Psicològic (sección juego patológico), Tarragona, España.
Published: December 2017

Background. Although the presence of a gambling disorder (GD) together with another mental disorder poses special treatment challenges, such as relapses, severe outcomes for patients and families, and increased number of hospitalizations, there are only a few critical reviews in the literature. Objective. To review empirical evidence of psychological approaches to cope specifically with these dual disorders. Method. A narrative review of the relevant bibliography on this topic was carried out. A systematic search of original articles (2010-October 2017) was conducted in MEDLINE and PsycInfo. Key terms were: 1. gambling/gamblers, 2. treatment/intervention/therapy/therapeutics, and 3. dual diagnosis/comorbidity. Results. Current treatment for GD involves a number of different options, including inpatient treatments, intensive outpatient therapy, individual and group cognitive-behavioral options (CBT), self-help groups, and pharmacotherapy. Inpatient care is generally limited to patients with severe acute crises, treatment failures, and severe comorbid disorders, particularly depression and attempted suicide. Treatment for GD with other mental disorder needs more research. CBT, motivational enhancement therapy and self-help groups have some empirical support when GD is comorbid with other addiction, mood disorder, or schizophrenia. Programs that combine pharmacotherapy and psychosocial treatments for GD into a single comprehensive package are most likely to have good treatment outcomes, at least with regard to treatment retention. Discussion and conclusion. Interventions should be tailored to the needs of the patients. Future research should be concerned about the statistical power of the studies, implement motivational strategies for patients with poor medication adherence, and design measures to study treatment fidelity in the CBT groups.
Do mundo da fantasia para o mundo do ABC: A Perceção da criança
Authors: Pires Ângela Sofia , Batista Ana Sofia , Brito Elisabete , Velho Filomena
Published: December 2017

Este artigo pretende aferir as perceções da criança do pré-escolar na entrada para o 1º CEB. O método utilizado foi o inquérito por entrevista, aplicado a 11 crianças, na transição entre o pré-escolar e o 1º CEB, com idades entre osv5 e os 7 anos, tendo sido realizado dois estabelecimentos de educação da cidade da Guarda. Os resultados obtidos mostraram as expetativas, medos e crenças da criança neste período de transição permitindo que o educador/professor tenha uma perspetiva mais alargada das necessidades das crianças nesta fase tão importante da sua vida.Palavras-chave: Educação pré-escolar, 1º CEB, Perceções da criança.
Estudo das variáveis preditivas da indisciplina escolar percecionada por alunos
Authors: Videira dos Santos Fernando Manuel
Published: December 2017

O objetivo geral, explorar as relações existentes entre determinantes de contexto sociodemográfico, religioso, sociofamiliar, psicossocial e de clima escolar e a indisciplina escolar percepcionada pelos alunos. Recorrendo a um estudo de natureza quantitativa, do tipo transversal com características descritivo-correlacionais, inquirimos 772 alunos adolescentes portugueses.
La inteligencia emocional en el contexto educativo de adolescentes cordobeses
Authors: Pedregosa Pedro Rojas
Published: December 2017

En este trabajo que aquí se presenta hacemos un acercamiento al nivel de IE del alumnado de secundaria de la provincia de Córdoba, comprobando si la influencia del contexto social y cultural de la zona donde están ubicados los IES, influye de manera significativa en dichos escolares, así como si dicha influencia es reveladora para marcar diferencias entre centros rurales vs centros de la capital. Al mismo tiempo establecemos diferencias entre sexos para comprobar si dicha variable indica también cambios importantes.
Da Educação à Intervenção Social: a construção do conhecimento na transformação da realidade
Authors: Rodrigues Cardoso Ricardo Jorge , Moreira Darlinda
Published: December 2017

Este artigo aborda as potencialidades que as ações educativas, enformadas num projeto de intervenção social, podem ter para a transformação da realidade daqueles que se encontram numa situação de vulnerabilidade. Através de 2 experiências educativas construiu-se, numa linha metodológica de investigação-ação participativa, um projeto de educação e intervenção social que permitiu simultaneamente conhecer, planificar, transformar, observar e refletir sobre o aumento da consciência crítica e autonomia de seis mulheres. O ato de educar ganhou uma outra dimensão, quando, através de um projeto de intervenção, devidamente participado, se readaptou o conhecimento à prática a fim de a transformar e melhorar
Certificaciones de Sostenibilidad Turística: los casos de Costa Rica y España
Authors: Meza-Sánchez Natalia
Published: December 2017

Se enfoca en las Certificaciones de Sostenibilidad más importantes de España y Costa Rica, de ahí la importancia de conocer cómo funcionan en los dos países mostrando un balance entre estos dos países. Con base en el trabajo de campo e investigación, así como entrevistas con personas expertas en el tema en ambos países, se lleva a cabo el artículo. Se destaca, principalmente, el modelo de Turismo Sostenible que se maneja en Costa Rica donde es indispensable poseer certificaciones de esta índole para así lograr un modelo certero. Se menciona la composición de las áreas protegidas tanto en Costa Rica como en España ya que de ahí surge y se desarrolla la actividad turística. En Costa Rica, se investigaron la Certificación para la Sostenibilidad Turística y el Programa Bandera Azul Ecológica; en el caso de España fueron: la “Q” de Calidad Turística, así como Bandera Azul y la Carta Europea de Turismo Sostenible. Se concluye en el balance que cuentan con similitudes en lo que respecta al Programa de Bandera Azul ya que el programa de Costa Rica nace de los programas en Europa; de igual forma cuentan con una certificación similar como lo es la Certificación para la Sostenibilidad Turística y la “Q” de Calidad Turística para España. También, muestra información de la Carta Europea de Turismo Sostenible la cual es una fortaleza que debería incluirse en el sistema de certificaciones en Costa Rica para mejorar la calidad y el modelo sostenible.
Evaluation of alkalinity spatial distribution in an up-flow fixed bed anaerobic digester
Authors: Hmissi Maha , Harmand Jérôme , Alcaraz-Gonzalez Victor , Shayeb Hedi
Published: December 2017

In this paper, an experimental study upon alkalinity and hydrodynamic behavior in an anaerobic up-flow fixed bed reactor for the treatment of tequila vinasses is presented. Measurements of volatile fatty acids, pH, alkalinity and bicarbonate were obtained at three sampling points in the reactor in the axial axis. Then, the spatial distribution of alkalinity is studied and discussed. Moreover, for further control process purposes, a hydrodynamic model based on the use of two interconnected two-steps reduced AM2 type models is proposed and its parameters are identified using experimental data.
Dissection of Glomerular Transcriptional Profile in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy: SRGAP2a Protects Podocyte Structure and Function
Authors: Pan Yu , Jiang Song , Hou Qing , Qiu Dandan , Shi Jingsong , Wang Ling , Chen Zhaohong , Zhang Mingchao , Duan Aiping , Qin Weisong , Zen Ke , Liu Zhihong
Published: December 2017

Podocytes play a pivotal role in maintaining glomerular filtration function through their interdigitated foot processes. However, the mechanisms that govern the podocyte cytoskeletal rearrangement remain unclear. Through analyzing the transcriptional profile of renal biopsy specimens from patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and control donors, we identify SLIT-ROBO ρGTPase-activating protein 2a (SRGAP2a) as one of the main hub genes strongly associated with proteinuria and glomerular filtration in type 2 DN. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis revealed that human and mouse SRGAP2a is primarily localized at podocytes and largely colocalized with synaptopodin. Moreover, podocyte SRGAP2a is downregulated in patients with DN and db/db mice at both the mRNA and the protein level. SRGAP2a reduction is observed in cultured podocytes treated with tumor growth factor-β or high concentrations of glucose. Functional and mechanistic studies show that SRGAP2a suppresses podocyte motility through inactivating RhoA/Cdc42 but not Rac1. The protective role of SRGAP2a in podocyte function also is confirmed in zebrafish, in which knockdown of SRGAP2a, a SRGAP2 ortholog in zebrafish, recapitulates podocyte foot process effacement. Finally, increasing podocyte SRGAP2a levels in db/db mice through administration of adenovirus-expressing SRGAP2a significantly mitigates podocyte injury and proteinuria. The results demonstrate that SRGAP2a protects podocytes by suppressing podocyte migration.