bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ferrous Iron Is a Significant Component of Bioavailable Iron in Cystic Fibrosis Airways
Authors: Hunter Ryan C. , Asfour Fadi , Dingemans Jozef , Osuna Brenda L. , Samad Tahoura , Malfroot Anne , Cornelis Pierre , Newman Dianne K.
Published: August 2013

Chronic, biofilm-like infections by the opportunistic pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
are a major cause of mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. While much is known about
P. aeruginosa
from laboratory studies, far less is understood about what it experiences
in vivo
. Iron is an important environmental parameter thought to play a central role in the development and maintenance of
P. aeruginosa
infections, for both anabolic and signaling purposes. Previous studies have focused on ferric iron [Fe(III)] as a target for antimicrobial therapies; however, here we show that ferrous iron [Fe(II)] is abundant in the CF lung (~39 µM on average for severely sick patients) and significantly correlates with disease severity (ρ = −0.56,
P
= 0.004), whereas ferric iron does not (ρ = −0.28,
P
= 0.179). Expression of the
P. aeruginosa
genes
bqsRS
, whose transcription is upregulated in response to Fe(II), was high in the majority of patients tested, suggesting that increased Fe(II) is bioavailable to the infectious bacterial population. Because limiting Fe(III) acquisition inhibits biofilm formation by
P. aeruginosa
in various oxic
in vitro
systems, we also tested whether interfering with Fe(II) acquisition would improve biofilm control under anoxic conditions; concurrent sequestration of both iron oxidation states resulted in a 58% reduction in biofilm accumulation and 28% increase in biofilm dissolution, a significant improvement over Fe(III) chelation treatment alone. This study demonstrates that the chemistry of infected host environments coevolves with the microbial community as infections progress, which should be considered in the design of effective treatment strategies at different stages of disease.

IMPORTANCE
Iron is an important environmental parameter that helps pathogens thrive in sites of infection, including those of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Ferric iron chelation therapy has been proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy for CF lung infections, yet until now, the iron oxidation state has not been measured in the host. In studying mucus from the infected lungs of multiple CF patients from Europe and the United States, we found that ferric and ferrous iron change in concentration and relative proportion as infections progress; over time, ferrous iron comes to dominate the iron pool. This information is relevant to the design of novel CF therapeutics and, more broadly, to developing accurate models of chronic CF infections.
Low complement levels in paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus and the risk of bacteraemia
Authors: Hagen Jaap P , Hissink Muller Petra C E , Bredius Robbert G M , ten Cate Rebecca
Published: August 2013

This report describes an 11-year-old girl with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with long-standing low levels of complement proteins. A disease period with lupus nephritis (class IIIa) was complicated byStaphylococcus aureusbacteraemia and osteomyelitis. She was treated with high-dose immunosuppressants and 6 weeks of high-dose intravenous antibiotics. The clinician should be aware of bacteraemia in SLE with secondary complement deficiency.
Acute onset anarthria without hepatic manifestation: a rare presentation of Wilson disease
Authors: Verma Rajesh , Bhandari Aveg , Tiwari Navin , Chaudhari Tejendra S
Published: August 2013

Wilson disease (WD) is one of the few inherited but treatable disorder mainly affecting the liver and brain resulting in severe disability or death if left untreated. Hence, it is important to keep a high index of suspicion for diagnosing this clinical entity in appropriate clinical settings. The clinical presentation can be quite variable and they may present solely with neurological features sans hepatic symptoms. Such neurological manifestations usually follow subacute to chronic course. Acute onset anarthria as the heralding and predominant presenting feature has been rarely reported in the literature. We reported a case of a 12-year-old girl who presented with acute onset anarthria and dystonia of 1-month duration. On further evaluation, a diagnosis of WD was made. The patient showed partial improvement after she was started on copper chelating agents and anticholinergics.
Thoracic injuries in professional rugby players: mechanisms of injury and imaging characteristics
Authors: Hayashi Daichi , Roemer Frank W , Kohler Ryan , Guermazi Ali , Gebers Chris , De Villiers Richard
Published: August 2013

Professional rugby players are prone to traumatic thoracic injuries due to the use of minimal protective gear to cover the torso. In the 2007 Rugby World Cup, thoracic injuries occurred at a rate of 8.3 cases/1000 player-hours. CT and MRI play an important role in the diagnosis of these injuries. Vital internal organs, such as the heart, lungs, trachea, liver and large blood vessels lie within close proximity to the bony structures and what seems to be a simple rib fracture or clavicular dislocation can have potentially life-threatening complications that are not detected by conventional radiography. Cross-sectional imaging helps to determine the choice of treatment. Ultrasound offers a quick and dynamic imaging examination and allows high-resolution assessment of superficial tissues that complements conventional imaging. In this review article, we (1) presented data on incidence of thoracic injuries in professional rugby players; (2) described the anatomy of the joints comprising the thoracic cage and major muscles attached to the rib cage; (3) discussed indications and relevance for MRI and presented an optimised MRI protocol for assessment of suspected thoracic injury; and (4) illustrated various types of thoracic injuries seen in professional rugby players, including sternal contusion, retrosternal haematoma, manubriosternal disruption, sternoclavicular dislocation, rib fractures and injuries of the pectoralis major muscle.
Is the interpretation of rapid antigen testing for respiratory syncytial virus as simple as positive or negative?
Authors: Walsh Paul , Overmyer Christina , Hancock Christine , Heffner Jacquelyn , Walker Nicholas , Nguyen Thienphuc , Shanholtzer Lucas , Caldera Enrique , Pusavat James , Mordechai Eli , Adelson Martin E , Iacono Kathryn T
Published: August 2013

Objective

To measure the performance characteristics of an immunochromatographic rapid antigen test for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and determine how its interpretation should be contextualised in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with bronchiolitis.

Design

Diagnostic accuracy study of a rapid RSV test.

Setting

County hospital ED.

Intervention

We took paired nasal samples from consecutively enrolled infants with bronchiolitis and tested them with a rapid immunochromatographic antigen test and reverse transcriptase PCR gold standard.

Outcome measures

Sensitivity, specificity, the effect of point prevalence, clinical findings and overall context on predictive values. We used these to construct a graphical contextual model to show how the results of RSV antigen tests from infants presenting within 24 h should influence interpretation of subsequent antigen tests.

Results

We analysed 607 patients. The sensitivity and specificity for immunochromatographic testing was 79.4% (95% CI 73.9% to 84.2%) and 67.1% (95% CI 61.9% to 72%) respectively. We found little evidence of spectrum bias. In our contextual model the best predictor of a positive RT-PCR test was a positive antigen test OR 5.47 (95% CI 3.65 to 8.18) and the number of other infants having positive tests within 24 h OR 1.48 (95% CI 1.26 to 1.72) per infant. Increasing numbers presenting to the ED with bronchiolitis in a given day increases the probability of RSV infection.

Conclusions

The RSV antigen test we examined had modest performance characteristics. The results of the antigen test should be interpreted in the context of the results of previous tests.
Fellowships in international emergency medicine in the USA: a comparative survey of program directors’ and fellows’ perspectives on the curriculum
Authors: Jacquet Gabrielle A , Vu Alexander , Ewen William B , Hansoti Bhakti , Andescavage Steven , Price David , Suter Robert E , Bayram Jamil D
Published: August 2013

Objective

Experts have proposed core curriculum components for international emergency medicine (IEM) fellowships. This study examined perceptions of program directors (PDs) and fellows on whether IEM fellowships cover these components, whether their perspectives differ and the barriers preventing fellowships from covering them.

Methods

From 1 November 2011 to 30 November 2011, a survey was administered to PDs, current fellows and recent graduates of the 34 US IEM fellowships. Respondents quantified their fellowship experience in six proposed core curriculum areas: emergency medicine (EM) systems development, EM education, humanitarian assistance, public health, emergency medical services and disaster medicine. Analysis was performed regarding what per cent of programmes fulfil the six curriculum areas. A paired t test determined the difference between PDs’ and fellows’ responses. Agreement between PDs and fellows within the same programme was determined using a κ statistic.

Results

Only 1/18 (6%) (according to fellows) to 2/24 (8%) (according to PDs) of programmes expose fellows to all six components. PDs consistently reported higher exposure than fellows. The difference in mean score between PDs and fellows was statistically significant (p<0.05) in three of the 6 (50%) core curriculum elements: humanitarian aid, public health and disaster medicine. Per cent agreement between PDs and fellows within each programmes ranged from poor to fair.

Conclusions

While IEM fellowships have varying structure, this study highlights the importance of further discussion between PDs and fellows regarding delineation and objectives of core curriculum components. Transparent curricula and open communication between PDs and fellows may reduce differences in reported experiences.
The association between food patterns and adiposity among Canadian children at risk of overweight
Authors: Shang Lei , O’Loughlin Jennifer , Tremblay Angelo , Gray-Donald Katherine
Published: August 2013

Identifying food patterns related to obesity can provide information for health promotion in nutrition. Food patterns and their relation with obesity among Canadian children have not been reported to date. Our aim was to identify and describe food patterns associated with obesity in children at risk of overweight. Caucasian children (n = 630) with at least 1 obese biological parent recruited into the Quebec Adiposity and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth (QUALITY) cohort were studied in cross-sectional analyses. Measures of adiposity (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat mass percentage measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), screen time, physical activity (accelerometer over 7 days), and dietary intake (three 24-h food recalls) were collected. Factor analysis was used to identify food patterns. The relationships between food patterns and overweight were investigated in logistic and multiple linear regression models. Three food patterns were retained for analysis: traditional food (red meats, main dishes–soups, high-fat dairy products, tomato products, dressings, etc.); healthy food (low-fat dairy products, whole grains, legumes–nuts–seeds, fruits, vegetables); and fast food (sugar-sweetened beverages, fried potatoes, fried chicken, hamburgers–hot dogs–pizza, salty snacks). Higher scores on the fast food pattern were associated with overweight (BMI ≥ 85th percentile), and other measures of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference, body fat mass percentage) after adjustment for age, sex, physical activity, screen time, sleep time, family income, and mother’s obesity (p < 0.05). Controlling for energy intake did not change these relationships. Our results provide further evidence of a link between fast food intake and obesity in children.
Screening for novel cell adhesive regions in bovine Achilles tendon collagen peptides
Authors: Banerjee Pradipta , Mehta Alka , Shanthi C.
Published: August 2013

Collagen, a major structural protein of the ECM, is known for its high cell adherence capacity. This study was conducted to identify regions in collagen that harbour such bioactivity. Collagen from tendon was hydrolysed and the peptides fractionated using ion-exchange chromatography (IEC). Isolated peptide fractions were coated onto disposable dishes and screened for cell adherence and proliferative abilities. Active IEC fractions were further purified by chromatography, and two peptides, C2 and E1 with cell adhesion ability, were isolated. A cell adhesion assay done with different amounts of C2 coated onto disposable dishes revealed the maximum adhesion to be 94.6%, compared with 80% for collagen coated dishes and an optimum peptide coating density of 0.507 nmoles per cm2area of the dish. Growth of cells on C2, collagen, and E1 revealed a similar pattern and a reduction in the doubling time compared with cells grown on uncoated dishes. C2 had a mass of 2.046 kDa with 22 residues, and sequence analysis revealed a higher percentage occurrence of hydrophilic residues compared with other regions in collagen. Docking studies revealed GDDGEA in C2 as the probable site of interaction with integrins α2β1 and α1β1, and stability studies proved C2 to be mostly protease-resistant.
Effect of fluorescence quenching on 6BAAC in different solvents
Authors: Patil N.R. , Melavanki R.M.
Published: August 2013

The fluorescence quenching studies of 6-bromo-3-azidoacetyl coumarin (6BAAC) by aniline in four different solvents, namely acetonitrile, benzene, dioxane, and toluene, were carried out at room temperature to understand quenching mechanisms. The Stern–Volmer plots have been found to be nonlinear with a positive deviation for all the solvents studied. To interpret these results we have invoked the ground state complex formation and sphere of action static quenching models. Using these models various quenching rate parameters have been determined. The magnitudes of these parameters suggest that the sphere of action static quenching model agrees well with the experimental results. Hence the positive deviation is attributed to the static and dynamic quenching. Further, with the use of the finite sink approximation model, it was possible to check these bimolecular reactions as diffusion-limited and to estimate independently distance parameter R′ and mutual diffusion coefficient D. Finally an effort has been made to correlate the values of R′ and D with the values of the encounter distance R and the mutual coefficient D determined using Edward’s empirical relation and the Stokes–Einstein relation.
SEARCH FOR SQUARKS IN R-PARITY VIOLATING SUPERSYMMETRY IN ep COLLISIONS AT HERA
Authors: BRANDT GERHARD
Published: August 2013

The search for squarks in R-parity violating supersymmetry in ep collisions at HERA is reviewed. In the full data sample used by the H1 collaboration corresponding to about 0.5 fb-1no deviation from Standard Model predictions was observed and limits were set in phenomenological models. For example, for a R-parity violating coupling of electromagnetic strength λ′11k= 0.3(k ∈ {1, 2}), the mass bound on the corresponding right-handed down-type squark is [Formula: see text]. The results are compared to other searches for supersymmetry. In particular, they are put in context with more recent results from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). An outlook is given on search opportunities at a future ep collider.
PARITY ANOMALY IN DIRAC EQUATION IN (1+2) DIMENSIONS, QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS AND PAIR PRODUCTION
Authors: RIAZUDDIN
Published: August 2013

We show that parity operator plays an interesting role in Dirac equation in (1+2) dimensions and can be used for defining chiral charges. Further the "anomalous" current induced by an external gauge field can be related to the anomalous divergence of an axial vector current which arises due to quantum radiative corrections provided by triangular loop Feynman diagrams in analogy with the corresponding axial anomaly in (1+3) dimensions. It is shown that the nonconservation of "chiral charge" due to anomaly is related with the topological Chern–Simons charge. As an application pair creation of massless fermions in electric field is discussed.
NONLEPTONIC PRODUCTION OF CHARMED P-WAVE MESONS FROM $\bar B^{0}_s$ AND $\bar B^0$ DECAYS
Authors: JIANG YUE , WANG GUO-LI , WANG TIANHONG , JU WAN-LI , FU HUI-FENG
Published: August 2013

The nonleptonic decays from [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to an orbitally excited P-wave charmed meson are studied within the naive factorization hypothesis. Based on the Mandelstam formalism, and under the framework of the improved Bethe–Salpeter method, the hadronic matrix elements of the decays [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are calculated, in which nonperturbative QCD effects are well considered by overlapping integral over the relativistic Salpeter wave functions of initial and final states. Some of these decays have sizable branching fractions and are expected to be detected in the current and near future experiments.
QUANTUM CANONICAL TENSOR MODEL AND AN EXACT WAVE FUNCTION
Authors: SASAKURA NAOKI
Published: August 2013

Tensor models in various forms are being studied as models of quantum gravity. Among them the canonical tensor model has a canonical pair of rank-three tensors as dynamical variables, and is a pure constraint system with first-class constraints. The Poisson algebra of the first-class constraints has structure functions, and provides an algebraically consistent way of discretizing the Dirac first-class constraint algebra for general relativity. This paper successfully formulates the Wheeler–DeWitt scheme of quantization of the canonical tensor model; the ordering of operators in the constraints is determined without ambiguity by imposing Hermiticity and covariance on the constraints, and the commutation algebra of constraints takes essentially the same form as the classical Poisson algebra, i.e. is first-class. Thus one could consistently obtain, at least locally in the configuration space, wave functions of "universe" by solving the partial differential equations representing the constraints, i.e. the Wheeler–DeWitt equations for the quantum canonical tensor model. The unique wave function for the simplest nontrivial case is exactly and globally obtained. Although this case is far from being realistic, the wave function has a few physically interesting features; it shows that locality is favored, and that there exists a locus of configurations with features of beginning of universe.
SPIN-FRUSTRATED EFFECT AND THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES IN YMn1-xAlxO3
Authors: ZHANG A. M. , ZHU W. H. , WU X. S. , BIAN Q.
Published: August 2013

Polycrystalline samples YMn 1-x Al x O 3 with different Al doping concentration were synthesized by standard solid-state reaction. Effect of Al doping on the magnetic properties was studied. Magnetization measurements show that the magnetization increases, while the calculated frustration factor decreases with the doping content of Al 3+ ion increasing. And the spin-glass behavior becomes more and more obvious with increasing the Al doping content. These results were ascribed to the broken exchange path between Mn ions by Al doping.
THE CALABI–YAU PROPERTY OF TWISTED SMASH PRODUCTS
Authors: WANG DINGGUO , KE YUANYUAN
Published: August 2013

Let H be a finite-dimensional cocommutative semisimple Hopf algebra and A * H a twisted smash product. The Calabi–Yau (CY) property of twisted smash product is discussed. It is shown that if A is a CY algebra of dimension dA, a necessary and sufficient condition for A * H to be a CY Hopf algebra is given.
A NOTE ON RESOLUTION QUIVERS
Authors: SHEN DAWEI
Published: August 2013

Recently, Ringel introduced the resolution quiver for a connected Nakayama algebra. It is known that each connected component of the resolution quiver has a unique cycle. We prove that all cycles in the resolution quiver are of the same size. We introduce the notion of weight for a cycle in the resolution quiver. It turns out that all cycles have the same weight.
RATIONAL POINTS ON SOME FERMAT CURVES AND SURFACES OVER FINITE FIELDS
Authors: VOLOCH JOSÉ FELIPE , ZIEVE MICHAEL E.
Published: August 2013

We give an explicit description of the 𝔽qi-rational points on the Fermat curve uq-1 + vq-1 + wq-1 = 0, for i ∈{1, 2, 3}. As a consequence, we observe that for any such point (u, v, w), the product uvw is a cube in 𝔽qi. We also describe the 𝔽q2-rational points on the Fermat surface uq-1 + vq-1 + wq-1 + xq-1 = 0, and show that the product of the coordinates of any such point is a square.
Direct calorimetry identifies deficiencies in respirometry for the determination of resting metabolic rate in C57Bl/6 and FVB mice
Authors: Burnett Colin M. L. , Grobe Justin L.
Published: August 2013

Substantial research efforts have been aimed at identifying novel targets to increase resting metabolic rate (RMR) as an adjunct approach to the treatment of obesity. Respirometry (one form of “indirect calorimetry”) is unquestionably the dominant technique used in the obesity research field to assess RMR in vivo, although this method relies upon a lengthy list of assumptions that are likely to be violated in pharmacologically or genetically manipulated animals. A “total” calorimeter, including a gradient layer direct calorimeter coupled to a conventional respirometer, was used to test the accuracy of respirometric-based estimations of RMR in laboratory mice ( Mus musculus Linnaeus) of the C57Bl/6 and FVB background strains. Using this combined calorimeter, we determined that respirometry underestimates RMR of untreated 9- to 12-wk-old male mice by ∼10–12%. Quantitative and qualitative differences resulted between methods for untreated C57Bl/6 and FVB mice, C57Bl/6 mice treated with ketamine-xylazine anesthesia, and FVB mice with genetic deletion of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor. We conclude that respirometric methods underestimate RMR in mice in a magnitude that is similar to or greater than the desired RMR effects of novel therapeutics. Sole reliance upon respirometry to assess RMR in mice may lead to false quantitative and qualitative conclusions regarding the effects of novel interventions. Increased use of direct calorimetry for the assessment of RMR and confirmation of respirometry results and the reexamination of previously discarded potential obesity therapeutics are warranted.
Catalytic Mechanism of Pd Adsorption on S-Terminated GaAs(001)-(2 × 6) Surface
Authors: Li Deng-feng , Guo Zhi-cheng , Li Bo-Lin , Luo Ming
Published: August 2013

Structural and electronic properties of Pd adsorption on clean and S-terminated GaAs(001)-(2 × 6) surfaces are studied using first-principle simulations. Our calculations show that the Pd atom prefers to occupy the HH3 site. The Pd atom is lower than the S atom with 0.15 Å. The density of states analysis confirms that S–Ga bond plays an important role in Heck reaction. We also find that the Pd catalysis activity for Pd adsorption on clean GaAs(001)-(2 × 6) surface is weak while it is enhanced when the Pd atom is adsorbed on the S-terminated GaAs(001)-(2 × 6) surface, which is in good agreement with the experiments.
Structural Credit Risk Models with Subordinated Processes
Authors: Gurny Martin , Ortobelli Lozza Sergio , Giacometti Rosella
Published: August 2013

We discuss structural models based on Merton's framework. First, we observe that the classical assumptions of the Merton model are generally rejected. Secondly, we implement a structural credit risk model based on stable non-Gaussian processes as a representative of subordinated models in order to overcome some drawbacks of the Merton one. Finally, following the KMV-Merton estimation methodology, we propose an empirical comparison between the results obtained from the classical KMV-Merton model and the stable Paretian one. In particular, we suggest alternative parameter estimation for subordinated processes, and we optimize the performance for the stable Paretian model.
Increase Performance of IPMSM by Combination of Maximum Torque per Ampere and Flux-Weakening Methods
Authors: Toosi Saman , Rezazadeh Mehrjou Mohammad , Karami Mahdi , Zare Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2013

Interior permanent magnet motor (IPMSM) was used as air conditioner compressor to reduce the power consumption and improve the performance of the system. Two control methods including maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) and flux-weakening methods were employed to increase the speed range of the air conditioner compressor. The present study adapted the flux weakening algorithm technique which can be used for constant torque and constant power regions. Results indicated that the operation speed range of the IPMSM may increase significantly by using the proposed flux weakening algorithm.
Design of a Room Monitoring System for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Noh Sun-Kuk , Kim Kuk-Se , Ji Yoo-Kang
Published: August 2013

In wireless sensor networks (WSN) systems, various indoor environmental parameters can be monitored in real time by an RF wireless sensor module. A wireless sensor module with several sensors is developed for an indoor environment monitoring system. ZigBee is a wireless standard for personal area network (PAN) sensor monitoring and control, also known as IEEE 802.15.4. In this paper, we designed a wireless sensor module that had a ZigBee communication module and a sensor module for monitoring a room or an office environment using WSN. The sensor module has various enlargements for various types of sensors, for example, a humidity sensor, temperature sensor, and O2 and CO2 sensors. Using ZigBee technology of 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band, we could monitor the information from terminal PC modules that are attached to the wall of an office or a room. A wireless sensor device was developed to circuit schematic using PowerPCB tool PADS and made it a printed circuit board (PCB). From the results of our tests, we confirmed that the designed wireless sensor module and room monitoring system can supply a comfortable environment for people by monitoring the indoor environment.
Optimal Control of Gene Regulatory Networks with Effectiveness of Multiple Drugs: A Boolean Network Approach
Authors: Kobayashi Koichi , Hiraishi Kunihiko
Published: August 2013

Developing control theory of gene regulatory networks is one of the significant topics in the field of systems biology, and it is expected to apply the obtained results to gene therapy technologies in the future. In this paper, a control method using a Boolean network (BN) is studied. A BN is widely used as a model of gene regulatory networks, and gene expression is expressed by a binary value (0 or 1). In the control problem, we assume that the concentration level of a part of genes is arbitrarily determined as the control input. However, there are cases that no gene satisfying this assumption exists, and it is important to consider structural control via external stimuli. Furthermore, these controls are realized by multiple drugs, and it is also important to consider multiple effects such as duration of effect and side effects. In this paper, we propose a BN model with two types of the control inputs and an optimal control method with duration of drug effectiveness. First, a BN model and duration of drug effectiveness are discussed. Next, the optimal control problem is formulated and is reduced to an integer linear programming problem. Finally, numerical simulations are shown.
Recurrent Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Ileal GIST Diagnosed by Video Capsule Endoscopy—A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ling Jie , Lamsen Marie , Coron Roger , Deliana Danila , Siddiqui Sabah , Rangraj Madhu , Jesmajian Stephen
Published: August 2013

Introduction. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in the ileum is an extremely rare cause of recurrent lower gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB).Case Report. An 89-year-old man was admitted with melana. He had extensive PMH of CAD post-CABG/AICD, AAA repair, chronic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, lung cancer after resection, and recurrent GIB. Prior EGDs, colonoscopies, and upper device-assisted enteroscopy showed duodenal ulcer, A-V malformation s/p cauterization, and angioectasia. On admission, Hb was 6.0 g/dL. An endoscopic capsule study showed an ulcerated tumor in the ileum. CT showed no distant metastasis. The lesion was resected successfully and confirmed as a high-grade GIST. The patient was discharged with no further bleeding.Discussion. Early diagnosis for patients with ileal GIST is often challenging. Video capsule endoscopy and double balloon enteroscopy could be useful diagnostic tools. Surgical removal is the first line for a resectable GIST. Imatinib has become the standard therapy.Conclusion. This is a unique case of an ileal GIST in a patient with recurrent GIB which was diagnosed by video capsule. Complicated medical comorbidities often lead to a significant delay in diagnosis. Therefore, we recommend that if GIB does not resolve after appropriate treatments for known causes, the alternative diagnosis for occult GIB must be considered, including malignancy such as GIST.
A Sequence-Specific Nicking Endonuclease fromStreptomyces: Purification, Physical and Catalytic Properties
Authors: Somyoonsap Peechapack , Kitpreechavanich Vichein , Pornbanlualap Somchai
Published: August 2013

A sequence-specific nicking endonuclease fromStreptomycesdesignated as DC13 was purified to near homogeneity. Starting with 30 grams of wet cells, the enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE cellulose, and phenyl-Sepharose chromatography. The purified protein had a specific activity 1000 units/mg and migrated on SDS-PAGE gel with an estimated molecular weight of 71 kDa. Determination of subunit composition by gel filtration chromatography indicated that the native enzyme is a monomer. When incubated with different DNA substrates including pBluescript II KS, pUC118, pET-15b, and pET-26b, the enzyme converted these supercoiled plasmids to a mixture of open circular and linear DNA products, with the open circular DNA as the major cleavage product. Analysis of the kinetic of DNA cleavage showed that the enzyme appeared to cleave super-coiled plasmid in two distinct steps: a rapid cleavage of super-coiled plasmid to an open circular DNA followed a much slower step to linear DNA. The DNA cleavage reaction of the enzyme required Mg2+as a cofactor. Based on the monomeric nature of the enzyme, the kinetics of DNA cleavage exhibited by the enzyme, and cofactor requirement, it is suggested here that the purified enzyme is a sequence-specific nicking endonuclease that is similar to type IIS restriction endonuclease.
On Antiproton Production in 158 GeV/cProton-Carbon Collisions and Nuclear Temperature of Interacting System
Authors: Liu Fu-Hu , Chen Ya-Hui , Gao Ya-Qin , Wei Hua-Rong
Published: August 2013

The multisource thermal model is used in this paper to analyze the antiproton (p¯) production process in high-energy proton-carbon (p-C) collisions. The transverse momentum, Feynman variable, and rapidity distributions of antiprotons in the nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass system are calculated by using the model. The modeling results are compared and found to be in agreement with the experimental data measured by the NA49 Collaboration at 158 GeV/cbeam momentum. As a parameter, the nuclear temperature of interacting system extracted from the antiproton spectrum is estimated to be about 150 MeV.
Evaluating Energy Flux in Vibrofluidized Granular Bed
Authors: Sheikh N. A. , Manzoor S. , Ghani U.
Published: August 2013

Granular flows require sustained input of energy for fluidization. A level of fluidization depends on the amount of heat flux provided to the flow. In general, the dissipation of the grains upon interaction balances the heat inputs and the resultant flow patterns can be described using hydrodynamic models. However, with the increase in packing fraction, the heat fluxes prediction of the cell increases. Here, a comparison is made for the proposed theoretical models against the MD simulations data. It is observed that the variation of packing fraction in the granular cell influences the heat flux at the base. For the elastic grain-base interaction, the predictions vary appreciably compared to MD simulations, suggesting the need to accurately model the velocity distribution of grains for averaging.
Research on Stochastic Resonance Signal’s Recovery
Authors: Wang Hao , Cao Jie , Wei Xiang
Published: August 2013

Using stochastic resonance to detect weak periodic signals has been widely used in various fields of science, which attracts much attention of researchers due to its advantages of revealing recessive periodic laws. This paper utilized this method to seek the underlying rule of setting weather index, so we can find that how to obtain the accurate expression of original periodic law by further investigation. This paper deals with the noise-contained signal restoring on the basis of the established system coupling the inversion system and bistable system. The simulation shows that this signal recovery method inversion effect is better and the application range is wider.
Conceptual Design of Compliant Mechanism Based on Port Ontology
Authors: Li Zhanwei , Cao Dongxing
Published: August 2013

It is an effective method for port-based ontology (PBO) to be used to represent and organize product design information and, support product conceptualization. As port is used to map and link components together, it plays an important role in capturing component information. This paper establishes a design method of compliant mechanism based on port ontology. Firstly, the coding rules are constituted based on PBO, and knowledge base of compliant mechanism is constructed, which includes stiffness base and inherent frequency base of flexible cells. Secondly, incidence matrix is established to denote the relationship of components, and based on incidence matrix design, schemes are generated by adopting the genetic algorithm. Thirdly, by selecting suitable parameters, scheme populations are generated towards training neural network (NN), and the trained NN model is employed for choosing preferential schemes to be satisfied with users' demands. At last, an application case is given to demonstrate the conceptual design of compliant mechanism based on port ontology.
Elders’ Life Stories: Impact on the Next Generation of Health Professionals
Authors: Chippendale Tracy
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this study was to pilot an enhanced version of the “Share your Life Story” life review writing workshop. The enhanced version included the addition of an intergenerational exchange, based on the content of seniors’ writings, with students planning careers in the health sciences. The researcher employed a mixed methods design. Preliminary results using descriptive analysis revealed an increase in positive images of aging and a decrease in negative images of aging among the five student participants. Qualitative results revealed six themes that illuminate the hows and whys of the quantitative results as well as additional program benefits. Feedback from students and seniors helped to refine the intergenerational protocol for a larger scale study.
A Case of Adrenal Metastasis in Seminoma
Authors: Zakaria Bouabdallah , Pierre-Etienne Théveniaud , Véronique Duchatelle , Vincent Molinié , Walid Massoud , Hervé Baumert
Published: August 2013

We report an uncommon case of testicular cancer with adrenal metastasis without retroperitoneal or distant metastatic disease. This situation is highly unusual. In fact, no similar case was reported in the literature. Our case is the first adrenalectomy that has been performed for secondary localization of testicular cancer. After eighteen-month followup, the patient was doing well, with no evidence of disease.
Composted versus Raw Olive Mill Waste as Substrates for the Production of Medicinal Mushrooms: An Assessment of Selected Cultivation and Quality Parameters
Authors: Zervakis Georgios I. , Koutrotsios Georgios , Katsaris Panagiotis
Published: August 2013

Two-phase olive mill waste (TPOMW, “alperujo”) is a highly biotoxic sludge-like effluent of the olive-oil milling process with a huge seasonal production. One of the treatment approaches that has so far received little attention is the use of TPOMW as substrate for the cultivation of edible mushrooms. Fifteen fungal strains belonging to five species (Basidiomycota), that is,Agrocybe cylindracea,Pleurotus cystidiosus,P. eryngii,P. ostreatus, andP. pulmonarius, were evaluated for their efficacy to colonize media composed of TPOMW, which was used either raw or composted in mixtures with wheat straw in various ratios. Qualified strains exhibited high values of biological efficiency (e.g., 120–135% forPleurotusspp. and 125% forA. cylindracea) and productivity in subsequent cultivation experiments on substrates supplemented with 20–40% composted TPOMW or 20% raw TPOMW. Only when supplementation exceeded 60% for raw TPOMW, a negative impact was noted on mushroom yields which could be attributed to the effluent's toxicity (otherwise alleviated in the respective composted TPOMW medium). Earliness and mushroom size as well as quality parameters such as total phenolic content and antioxidant activity did not demonstrate significant differences versus the control wheat-straw substrate. The substrates hemicellulose content was negatively correlated with mycelium growth rates and yields and positively with earliness; in addition, cellulose: lignin ratio presented a positive correlation with mycelium growth and mushroom weight forA. cylindraceaand with earliness for all species examined. TPOMW-based media revealed a great potential for the substitution of traditional cultivation substrates by valorizing environmentally hazardous agricultural waste.
Specific Link between Lung and Large Intestine: A New Perspective on Neuropeptide Secretion in Lung with Herbal Laxative Stimulation
Authors: Zhong Xiang-Gen , Zheng Feng-Jie , Li Yu-Hang , Xu Hong , Wang Qian , Liu Yu-Chao , Liu Miao , Wu Ruo-Han , Gao Yu-Shan , Zhang Shu-Jing , Zhang Jin-Chao , Zhang Tian-Yu , Gao Si-Hua
Published: August 2013

Background. To investigate the specific link between lung and large intestine.Methods. Rat COPD-like model was prepared. Mirabilite or Chinese rhubarb was administrated intragastrically to stimulate the large intestine. Histological analysis of lung inflammation was assessed. The tissues levels of SP, VIP, NK1R, VIPR1, and VIPR2 were measured by using ELISA kits. In addition, mouse model of allergic asthma was prepared. Mirabilite was administrated intragastrically to stimulate the large intestine. Airway responsiveness and lung inflammation were assessed. The tissues levels of SP, VIP, NKA, NKB, NK1R, VIPR1, and VIPR2 were measured by using ELISA kits.Results. Stimulating the intestine with Mangxiao or Dahuang, SP, NK-1R, VIP, VIPR1, and VIPR2 were significantly increased in intestine tissues of rats with COPD and mice with asthma. Meanwhile, the SP and NK1R were significantly decreased, while VIP, VIPR1, and VIPR2 were significantly increased in lung tissues. An abnormal secretion of SP and VIP can be observed in other tissues; however, no marked changes were found in the receptors. The NKA and NKB levels were similar in lung tissues of mice with asthma among groups.Conclusions. Stimulating intestine with Mangxiao or Dahuang can specifically regulate the secretion of SP, VIP, and the receptors in lung tissues.
Thermal Stability Analysis under Embankment with Asphalt Pavement and Cement Pavement in Permafrost Regions
Authors: Junwei Zhang , Jinping Li , Xiaojuan Quan
Published: August 2013

The permafrost degradation is the fundamental cause generating embankment diseases and pavement diseases in permafrost region while the permafrost degradation is related with temperature. Based on the field monitoring results of ground temperature along G214 Highway in high temperature permafrost regions, both the ground temperatures in superficial layer and the annual average temperatures under the embankment were discussed, respectively, for concrete pavements and asphalt pavements. The maximum depth of temperature field under the embankment for concrete pavements and asphalt pavements was also studied by using the finite element method. The results of numerical analysis indicate that there were remarkable seasonal differences of the ground temperatures in superficial layer between asphalt pavement and concrete pavement. The maximum influencing depth of temperature field under the permafrost embankment for every pavement was under the depth of 8 m. The thawed cores under both embankments have close relation with the maximum thawed depth, the embankment height, and the service time. The effective measurements will be proposed to keep the thermal stabilities of highway embankment by the results.
The Influence of Storage Temperature on the Antibiotic Release of Vancomycin‐Loaded Polymethylmethacrylate
Authors: Chen Dave W. , Chang Yuhan , Hsieh Pang-Hsin , Ueng Steve W. N. , Lee Mel S.
Published: August 2013

Periprosthetic joint infection is devastating and increases medical expenditure and socioeconomic burden. Antibiotic‐loaded cement spacer is useful in the interim period before the reimplantation surgery. Prefabricated antibiotic‐loaded cement spacers can decrease operation time but have been limitedly used clinically. In the literature, there is no clear recommendation on the storage temperature for the prefabricated cement spacers. We used an in vitro model to analyze whether the storage temperature at 25°C, 4°C, or −20°C for 2 weeks or 3 months could affect the release of vancomycin from the cement. We found that the storage temperature and time had no significant effects on the pattern and amount of vancomycin release. The patterns of vancomycin release from the cement stored at different temperatures were similar with an abrupt release in the first 3 days and steadily declined in the following period. This study provides a preliminary result to justify the storage of fabricating antibiotic‐loaded cement spacer sterilely packed at room temperature. Further studies to examine the effects of storage temperature on the mechanical strength and the release pattern of other antibiotics should be done to provide more evidence to support the clinical use of prefabricated ready‐to‐use antibiotic‐loaded cement spacer.
Updating Categorical Soil Maps Using Limited Survey Data by Bayesian Markov Chain Cosimulation
Authors: Li Weidong , Zhang Chuanrong , Dey Dipak K. , Willig Michael R.
Published: August 2013

Updating categorical soil maps is necessary for providing current, higher‐quality soil data to agricultural and environmental management but may not require a costly thorough field survey because latest legacy maps may only need limited corrections. This study suggests a Markov chain random field (MCRF) sequential cosimulation (Co‐MCSS) method for updating categorical soil maps using limited survey data provided that qualified legacy maps are available. A case study using synthetic data demonstrates that Co‐MCSS can appreciably improve simulation accuracy of soil types with both contributions from a legacy map and limited sample data. The method indicates the following characteristics: (1) if a soil type indicates no change in an update survey or it has been reclassified into another type that similarly evinces no change, it will be simply reproduced in the updated map; (2) if a soil type has changes in some places, it will be simulated with uncertainty quantified by occurrence probability maps; (3) if a soil type has no change in an area but evinces changes in other distant areas, it still can be captured in the area with unobvious uncertainty. We concluded that Co‐MCSS might be a practical method for updating categorical soil maps with limited survey data.
Performance Assessment for a Fleet of Machines Using a Combined Method of Ant-Based Clustering and CMAC
Authors: Zhang Lei , Cao Qixin , Lee Jay
Published: August 2013

This paper proposes a combined method of ant-based clustering and cerebellar model articulation controller for performance assessment for a fleet of machines. A novel ant-based clustering algorithm with kernel method is used to cluster machines in a fleet. The algorithm has two features. First, a projection based on kernel principal component analysis replaces random projection to improve the efficiency. Second, the clustering is performed on the feature space after kernel mapping to improve the clustering accuracy. The algorithm can cluster machines in a self-organizing way to achieve the horizontal assessment. The vertical assessment for the single machine based on CMAC is presented. Then, how to combine the vertical and horizontal assessment results is discussed. The outlier mining method to detect abnormal machines based on the clustering results is also proposed. Cluster-based global outlying factor is suggested to measure the outlying degree of abnormal machine. Finally, the case study on axial fans shows that the combined method can give a more comprehensive assessment for fans' performance monitoring.
A Novel Model of Schizophrenia Age-of-Onset Data Challenges the Conventional Interpretations of the Discordance in Monozygote Twin Studies
Authors: Kramer Ivan , Hong L. Elliot
Published: August 2013

The relative importance of genetics and the environment in causing schizophrenia is still being debated. Although the high proportion of monozygote cotwins of schizophrenia patients who are discordant suggests that there may be a significant environmental contribution to the development of schizophrenia, this discordance is predicted by an accumulative multimutation model of schizophrenia onset constructed here implying a genetic origin of schizophrenia. In this model, schizophrenics are viewed as having been born with the genetic susceptibility to develop schizophrenia. As susceptible gene carriers age, they randomly accumulate the necessary mutations to cause schizophrenia, the last needed mutation coinciding with disease onset. The mutation model predicts that the concordance rate in monozygote twin studies will monotonically increase with age, theoretically approaching 100% given sufficient longevity. In dizygote cotwins of schizophrenia patients, the model predicts that at least 71% of cotwins are incapable of developing schizophrenia even though every cotwin and their schizophrenic twin shared a similar early environment. The multimutation model is shown to fit all of the monozygote and dizygote concordance rate data of the principle classical twin studies completed before 1970 considered in this paper. Thus, the genetic hypothesis of schizophrenia can be tested by bringing these studies up to date.
Dynamic Characteristics Research of a Steel/CFRP Drive Shaft
Authors: Zhang Jinguang , Yang Rui , Hu Yefa , Ding Guoping , Xu Yan , Niu Jiaying
Published: August 2013

The dynamic characteristics of a steel/CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic) drive shaft were studied. finite element analysis (FEA) and an experiment were carried out to investigate the natural frequencies and mode shapes. The results of the experiment verified the effectiveness of the finite element model. At the same time, the FEA was used to predict the dynamic characteristics of the shaft for different stacking sequences, fiber orientation angles, and layer thicknesses. The results show that the natural frequency increases with decreasing fiber orientation angles. And the positive andnegative stacking sequences are helpful to improve natural frequency. The layer thicknesses and stacking sequences will have a pronounced effect in a specific size of the shaft.