bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alvarado score and computerized tomography scan as impact indicator in intervening negative appendectomy rate
Authors: Mishra Braja Mohan , Panigrahi Pramit Ballav , Mishra Sandeep , Mohapatra Abinasha
Published: March 2020

Background: The objective of this study is to study the impact of combined use of Alvarado score and computed tomography (CT) scan on negative appendectomy rate.Methods: This prospective observational study comprising of patients presenting with clinical features of appendicitis admitted to department of general surgery, VIMSAR, Burla from November 2017 to October 2019, where Alvarado score and ultrasonography (USG) findings are mismatching each other. Alvarado scores calculated and categorized in 2 groups as negative (score <4) and positive (score ≥4). These patients were also subjected to USG and categorized as negative (USG -ve) and positive (USG +ve). Those patients having discrepancy in both the findings were subjected to CT scan. On histopathological examination, inflamed appendix in 63 (97%) patients and non-inflamed in 2 (3%). Rest patients were either discharged (both -ve) or operated (both +ve). Results: Total 84 patients showed discrepancy between Alvarado score and USG findings and are subjected to CT scan abdomen and pelvis. CT scan was positive for appendicitis in 65 cases (where appendectomy done) and negative for appendicitis in 19 cases (where the diagnosis is different). patient. Thus, negative appendectomy (NAR) is 3% in this study.Conclusions: Alvarado score and ultrasonography could not be used as absolute tool in doubtful and equivocal cases, where combined use of CT scan with Alvarado score and USG has definitely has an edge by diagnosing the differentials and reducing NAR followed by reduction in cost and length of hospital stay.
The anatomical site of perforation peritonitis and their microbiological profile: a cross-sectional study
Authors: P. Lohith , Jindal R. K. , Ghuliani Deepak , P. Rajshekar
Published: March 2020

Background: Initiation of early appropriate antibiotic therapy influences the outcome of perforation peritonitis, which otherwise is delayed till culture reports are available. The knowledge of microbial profile and sensitivity of peritoneal fluid culture with respect to the anatomical site of perforation peritonitis will help in initiation of early appropriate antibiotic therapy in the post-operative period.Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted from January 2017 to December 2017 where intraoperative peritoneal fluid sample in patients of perforation peritonitis was subjected to culture (aerobic and anaerobic) and sensitivity and results analysed with respect to anatomical site of perforation.Results: 50 patients were studied. The most common site of perforation was ileum (32%) followed by appendix (18%) and stomach (18%). In aerobic culture, the culture positivity rate was highest in colonic perforation (100%) and least in gastric perforation (44.4%). The most common organism isolated in all sites of perforation peritonitis was E. coli followed by Klebsiella spp. In anaerobic culture, although facultative anaerobes were isolated, no strict anaerobe was isolated. The most sensitive antibiotics covering all isolated organisms were gentamycin (p=0.006), colistin (p=0.018), piperacillin and tazobactum (p=0.022).Conclusions: The predominant differential normal flora according to site of gastrointestinal tract was not reflected in the peritoneal fluid culture of patients with perforation peritonitis and E. coli was the most common organism isolated in all sites of perforation peritonitis. The antibiotic sensitivity profile showed the increasing resistance against third generation cephalosporins. Aminoglycosides, piperacillin and tazobactum, meropenem and colistin showed a significant antimicrobial activity against organisms isolated from cases of perforation peritonitis.
Clinical study and management of hydrocephalus in children
Authors: Deshmukh Santoshkumar N. , Yadav Ashishkumar T.
Published: March 2020

Background: Hydrocephalus is a condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs within the brain. Hydrocephalus can occur at any age, but it is more common in infants. Long-term complications of hydrocephalus can vary widely and are often difficult to predict and may result in significant intellectual, developmental and physical disabilities. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt remains mainstay of treatment even today as it is easily available and inexpensive.Methods: The study was conducted in Dr. V. M. Government Medical College and Hospital located in Solapur (Maharashtra) from September 2016 to 2018.  It was a prospective descriptive study. 30 cases up to the age 14 years with diagnosis of hydrocephalus undergoing VP (ventriculo-peritoneal) shunt surgery were included in the study.Results: Aqueductal stenosis and tuberculous meningitis were the commonest causes of congenital and acquired hydrocephalus in children respectively. Shunt infection and shunt obstruction were the commonest post-operative complications required shunt revision. Low birth weight and other associated congenital anomalies increased the mortality rate.Conclusions: VP shunt placement has been the main treatment modality for hydrocephalus. VP shunts procedures are associated with complications and morbidity. Number of revision shunt procedures, low birth weight, associated congenital anomalies adversely affected the final surgical outcome.
Gallbladder perforation with concomitant liver abscess: a case report with a review of treatment options
Authors: Quiroga Garza Alejandro , Muñoz Leija Milton Alberto , Valdivia Balderas Juan Manuel , Guzmán López Santos , Elizondo Omaña Rodrigo E.
Published: March 2020

Gallbladder perforation (GBP) management is still controversial in regards to time (early vs. interval), first procedure (surgical vs. drainage) and technique (laparoscopic vs. open). This is the case report of an adult patient with GBP Niemeier type II, complicated with a concomitant hepatic abscess. The patient was treated medically and with laparoscopic drainage of abscess and pyocholecistolithiasis. She was scheduled shortly after for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and posteriorly for definitive treatment with laparoscopic cholecystectomy 1 month later. Satisfactory postsurgical outcome, with uneventful 1-month follow-up.
Renal artery aneurysm misdiagnosed as renal cell carcinoma
Authors: . Shashi , Singh Rajdeep , Vats Manu
Published: March 2020

Renal tumors are best diagnosed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen along with history and physical examination. In case of suspicious lesions in respect to location like lesion arising from the bifurcation of renal artery and close to major vessels with all features suggesting of tumor with absent contrast enhancement and absent color flow on Doppler study should be further investigated keeping other possibility of Renal artery aneurysm with thrombus mimicking as renal tumor. CT angiography should be done in every case of suspicious lesion because this will change the further management protocol from Nephrectomy in case of renal tumor to kidney preserving minimally invasive procedure for renal artery aneurysm. Like in this case diagnosis of Renal cell carcinoma was made on the basis of CECT abdomen findings and managed further as per the management protocol for renal tumor but intraoperatively found renal artery aneurysm. On conclusion every suspicious lesion of kidney should be further investigated for renal artery aneurysm so that kidney preserving procedure could be planned preoperatively.
Angiomyofibroblastoma of scalp: a rare soft tissue tumour at an unusual site
Authors: Hussain Sajid
Published: March 2020

Angimyofibroblastoma is a very rare, benign mesenchymal soft tissue tumour which involves the vulvovaginal area of females of reproductive age group. These tumours are usually slow growing and painless which has a very low tendency for local recurrence. In women it is common in female genital tract, vulva, and posterior perivesical space. In men it occurs in spermatic cord. Here a report of 47 year old male patient from VMKV Medical College and Hospital, Salem was presented with a swelling in the posterior aspect of scalp from 6 months with no any associated symptoms. A preoperative diagnosis of dermoid scalp was made and patient was subjected for excision.
A study to determine the effect of maternal prepregnancy body mass index on the anthropometric measurements of the newborn
Authors: Kumar Brinda Prasanna , Adarsh E. , G. Sahana
Published: March 2020

Background: Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI is well established to be a detrimental factor for prenatal development and neonatal anthropometric measures. Objectives of the study was to study the association between maternal pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) and the anthropometry of the newborn.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional, observational study was conducted that included 236 normal newborns and their mothers. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to collect relevant socio-demographic data and obstetric history. Details regarding maternal pre-pregnancy weight was collected from antenatal records at first antenatal visit, maternal height was measured and BMI was calculated. Neonatal anthropometric measurements including birth weight, recumbent length, head circumference, chest circumference and the mid arm circumference was measured.Results: In this study 49.6% of the women were in the age group of 21-25 years, 52.5% of them were multi-gravida and 56.4% had normal vaginal delivery. Among the newborns included in the study 25.8% had low birth weight. We saw a significant positive correlation between BMI and age, BMI and birth weight, BMI and chest circumference that is with increase in BMI there was significant increase in the age, birth weight and chest circumference and vice versa. There was no association between maternal BMI and mid-arm circumference or head circumference of the newborn.Conclusions: Study showed the association between maternal BMI and anthropometry of the newborn especially with respect to the BMI and birth weight, BMI and chest circumference. Thereby, establishing that interventions aimed at improving the nutritional status of the mother have a direct impact on the fetal growth outcomes.
Institutional births analysis from labour room registries in North Indian hilly state
Authors: Sood Mangla
Published: March 2020

Background: India is the second most populous country in the world contributing to one fifth of global deaths among under 5-year-old children. Of these under 5 deaths, Infant mortality contributes to more than 89% and neonatal mortality is responsible for 70% of IMR. Of the many proximal determinants of neonatal mortality, inadequate utilization of health services and poor skills of health care providers contribute significantly. The lack of data constrains targeted interventions for these. This study is an attempt to analyze the existing data quality along with gaps in the reporting system to initiate timely course correction for improved programmatic outcomes.Methods: The labour room birth registries from 12 District hospitals and two Government Medical Colleges in the state of Himachal Pradesh (India) were analyzed. The data was extracted from archives in the State Child health Nodal Officer for the year 2017-2018 and 2018-2019.Results: Over these two years the proportion of institutional delivery has improved. The number of newborns resuscitated remained constant at 4.5%.  There was an improved coverage of birth dose immunization. Improvement in Antenatal Corticosteroids coverage among preterm laboring mothers was also observed.Conclusions: Continuous data analysis for improving its quality to take evidence informed decisions is needed.  Hands on skill improvement for staff is need of the hour to ensure timely and maximum returns on investment in reproductive and Child Health program.
Influence of serum vitamin D levels on control and severity of asthma in children
Authors: R. Savitha M. , Pawar Gayatri R.
Published: March 2020

Background: To determine the association between the serum vitamin D levels with the control and severity of asthma.Methods: A total of 113 asthmatic children were enrolled in the study who were on regular follow-up and treatment for the past 6 or more months. The demographic details, presenting complaints, aggravating factors, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, hospital and ICU stay, duration of sunlight exposure, drug compliance and detailed clinical examination findings were noted in the predesigned proforma. Control of asthma was assessed based on GINA guidelines 2018 as well controlled, partly controlled and poorly controlled. The partly controlled and the poorly controlled group were further combined and labelled as not well controlled group. Severity of asthma was categorized into intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent and severe persistent. Serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D was assessed by solid phase ELISA. The well controlled and partly controlled group were compared for all studied parameters.Results: Asthma status of the subjects was categorized as well controlled (59%) as partly controlled (40%) and as poorly controlled (1%). Children with partly and poorly controlled asthma had significantly more vitamin D deficiency (10.9%) and insufficiency (32.6%) compared to well controlled group (4.5% and 4.5% respectively), with p value= 0.000. Low serum vitamin D levels are significantly associated with moderate and severe persistent asthma (p value= 0.009). Exercise significantly induced symptoms in 47.8% of not well controlled group and about 25.4% in well controlled group (p value= 0.014). Examination findings such as wheeze on auscultation was significantly more in not well controlled group.Conclusions: Low serum vitamin D levels are associated with poor control of asthma in children and the severity of asthma is inversely proportional to the serum vitamin D levels.
Awareness and attitude regarding postnatal care and immunization practice among antenatal mothers
Authors: S. Srinivasa , Agrawal Avinash , M. Madhurya R. , Hiremath Shrisha
Published: March 2020

Background: Under 5 mortality is a key indicator of health status of the country. Optimum care in postnatal period with immunization as per recommended schedule and exclusive breastfeeding with appropriate technology are the most essential factors for optimum growth and development of the child and to prevent under five mortality. The study was done to assess the knowledge and attitude of antenatal mothers on vaccination and postnatal care.Methods: Total 150 pregnant women were required to answer a series of questionnaire related to demographic data, awareness and attitude towards postnatal care, breastfeeding and immunization.Results: Total 90% of the women are aware regarding immunization at birth, 87% of them got the information from a person, who is directly related to health system. Statistically 97.3% mother were aware about importance to keep the baby covered. Every 3 out of 4 women knew that breastfeeding to be started within 1 hour of life. Only 40% were aware that prelacteal feed should never be given to newborns and 74% of the women think that jaundice in newborn requires evaluation.Conclusions: There is a need to educate antenatal mothers about various aspects of immunization and postnatal care including breastfeeding.
Assessment of mean testicular volume in adolescent school boys of Udaipur district in 10 to 18 years at different stages of pubertal development
Authors: Babani Tarun , Sareen Devendra , Goyal Dileep
Published: March 2020

Background: The most obvious and important changes during puberty are secondary sexual characters. To check the correlation between testicular volumes with secondary sexual characters, nutritional status in Udaipur schoolboy’s assessment of testicular volume by prayer orchidometer is easy and reliable and accurate method in community. Aim of the study was to find out mean testicular volume by prader orchidometer at different stages of pubertal development.Methods: Children between 10 to 18 years of age (525 in numbers) from schools of Udaipur city were included. Children thoroughly examined for presence of any systemic disorders or major surgery was excluded. Informed consent with parents was taken Testicular volume assessment done by praders orchidometer with Tanner staging and correlation was statically analysed.Results: Maximum boys belonged to 15-16 years of age group (14.7%), and minimum belongs to 10-11 years age group (9.3%). Secondary sexual characters increases as mean testicular volume increases. The mean testicular volume for P1 (4.46 ml) and P5 (22.68 ml) and G1 (4.69 ml) and G5 (23.27 ml) with a p<0.05.Conclusions: Testicular volume adds more objectivity in SMR detection and helps to differentiate early genital maturation than pubic hair. Study population had early rise of testicular volume before pubic hair clinically visible which shows that testicular volume is the first to increase with the onset of puberty.
Effect of oral 25% dextrose on pain relief in newborn infants undergoing venepuncture
Authors: Raju H. N. Yashwanth , Sudha Rudrappa , N. Shwetha B.
Published: March 2020

Background: Aim of this study was to study effect of oral 25% dextrose for pain relief in newborns undergoing venepuncture.Methods: This is a case control study conducted in NICU, Cheluvamba hospital attached to Mysore medical college and research institute during the period between September 2018 to November 2018. Babies with gestational age between 34 to 40 weeks of gestation who had clinical indication for blood sampling were included in the study. Neonates who are critically ill, suffered perinatal asphyxia and having congenital anomalies were excluded from the study. Hundred newborn babies admitted to NICU who had clinical indication for blood sampling were enrolled in the study. Study population were divided into 2 groups, dextrose (cases) and non-dextrose group (controls). The data analysis included gestational age, postnatal age, weight, sex, heart rate, oxygen saturation, crying time and behavioural pain assessment.Results: Mean pain score, crying time and heart rate at 5 minutes of venepuncture were studied in both the groups. Mean pain score in dextrose group was 2.68 and in non-dextrose group was 7.18 with significant p value of 0.0062. Mean crying time in dextrose group was 8.98 minutes and in non-dextrose group was 42 minutes with significant p value of 0.001. Mean heart rate in dextrose group was 142 beats/minute and in non-dextrose group was 146bpm with p value of 0.08.Conclusions: Pain in the newborns should be recognised and adequately treated. Lingual 25% dextrose can be used as safe and effective analgesia in neonates undergoing minor invasive procedures like venepuncture.
Randomized control trial evaluating the effectiveness of ear plugs in hearing loss in NICU preterm babies
Authors: Shingeri Fathma Thahmi , Shriyan Ashvij R. , Maben Roshan Ann , Soans Santosh T.
Published: March 2020

Background: The prevalence of hearing loss is higher in neonates admitted to NICU compared to the general population. Preterm babies are more vulnerable to the hearing damage due to their immature inner ear exposing them to various high frequency noises in the NICU to which they were not accustomed. Most NICU in India exceed the recommended sound levels. In order to reduce damage to the ears, foam-based earplugs are used to reduce the sound intensity reaching the ears of these premature babies.Methods: Babies admitted to NICU are allocated alternatively to receive earplugs or not. Cases are preterm babies with earplugs and controls are the ones without earplugs. The incidence of hearing loss is found by OAE testing of the ears at the end of NICU stay.Results: Out of 40 in each group, 6 babies in control group failed the OAE compared the 3 in the earplug group. Babies who did wear earplugs had longer period of NICU stay.Conclusions: Use of earplugs in babies admitted to NICU reduced the incidence of hearing loss and also length of NICU stay.
A rare cause of pediatric respiratory distress: pulmonary embolism
Authors: S. Vinayaka H. , Rudrappa Dhananjaya Sarji , H. Shivashankara T.
Published: March 2020

Pediatric Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is a very rare condition as compared to adults. However, the incidence of pulmonary embolism in children is increasing as a result of accurate and timely diagnosis. Authors hereby reporting a 7-year-old female child who presented to us with acute onset respiratory distress and hypotensive shock, with no other significant illness in the past. The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was made based on chest x ray, electrocardiogram and echocardiography. After ascertaining the diagnosis of PE, child was started on unfractionated heparin infusion along with other supportive measures. But the child went into refractory shock followed by asystole, could not be revived. Pulmonary embolism is a rare and potentially fatal, condition that often goes unrecognized among the pediatric population. There should be high index of suspicion on PE in a child who presented with sudden onset respiratory distress with other supportive radiological, 2d echo and lab findings.
Hypothalamic hamartoma with gelastic seizures: a case report
Authors: . Zosangliani , Datta Avishek , Thele Rukuwe , Gurung Bishal , Kambiakdik T.
Published: March 2020

Hypothalamic Hamartoma (HH) may have diverse clinical manifestations. Its hallmark association is with gelastic seizures. Gelastic epilepsy is characterized by episodes of loud, hollow, mirthless, stereo-typed, forced laughter. The patient may stare and giggle briefly without any other motor manifestations. Hypothalamic hamartoma is most often the cause of gelastic seizures. Here, authors report a case of gelastic seizure with hypothalamic hamartoma in a 14-month-old boy with an associated tonic clonic seizure.  This case highlights the possibility of underdiagnosed hypothalamic hamartoma in younger age groups among pediatric population.
Role of otoendoscope as a preoperative tool in tympanoplasty
Authors: Showkat Showkat Ahmad , Bhagat Nadhia , Bhat Mohammed Shafi , Shafiq Bilal
Published: March 2020

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is one of the common causes for hearing impairment and disability. Despite continuous technical improvement, the basic optical principles and their limitations have remained the same over the past three decades. This study aimed at visualizing and evaluating the middle ear structures with the aid of 0 and 30-degree otoendoscopes preoperatively in cases of chronic suppurative otitis media.

Methods: In this prospective study, 70 patients (40 females and 30 males) above the age of 10 years with CSOM were subjected to otoendoscopy using 0- and 30-degree endoscopes. The various middle ear structures and hidden spaces like facial recess, sinus tympani, hypotympanum were visualized preoperatively.  

Results: Middle ear structures and blind niches were better evaluated preoperatively using 0 and 30-degree otoendoscopes and a definitive operative plan was formulated.

Conclusions: Otoendoscopy provided a significant better visualization of all the middle ear structures and various hidden spaces.
A rare case of primary nasal tuberculosis
Authors: M. V. George , Theresa Lina , R. Aswathi
Published: March 2020

Even though tuberculosis is not uncommon, primary nasal tuberculosis is extremely rare. This is the story of a 46 years old man, diabetic, who had not any chest symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis, presented to us with nasal block, sneezing for a long time. The symptoms didn't improve with the usual lines of management from Dubai where he was working.  When we saw the patient, he had a deviated nasal septum towards right side, and highly boggy pale mucosa of the nose with mucoid discharge on left side.  He was on antibiotics for a long time. Hence a CT scan was taken. The CT scan showed typical features of sinusitis. Therefore, he was advised septoplasty with functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). On surgery, the inferior turbinate was seen boggy with pale mucosa. It obscured the vision of the middle turbinate. There was granuloma on the turbinate. This was taken for biopsy and the report was granulomatous tissue with areas of necrosis and the possibility of tuberculosis is there. His blood samples were negative for other granulomatous disease and therefore was advised antituberculosis treatment. His symptoms improved. There was no evidence of a pulmonary tuberculosis in the chest and therefore was diagnosed as a case of primary nasal tuberculosis.
A Praça da República enquanto espaço de sociabilidade de uma cidade moderna (Pelotas, 1912-1930)
Authors: Gonçalves Mariana Couto
Published: March 2020

Na virada do século XIX para o XX, o Brasil experimentou uma série de transformações urbanas que implicaram na iluminação e pavimentação das ruas, ajardinamento das praças e vias públicas, instalação de bondes elétricos, tratamento da água e do esgoto e na edificação de residências salutares, bem como em medidas de higienização. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as modificações sofridas na Praça da República, no contexto das reformas urbanas, bem como, a sua efetivação como espaço de sociabilidade para as elites locais.
Un nuevo encuentro con el recurrente problema de Basilea: ∑_(K=1)^∞ (1/K^2)
Authors: Vacca Harold , Conde Nicolás , Rojas Lucio
Published: March 2020

Los espacios vectoriales se han considerado una herramienta fundamental para las aplicaciones modernas del álgebra lineal; en este sentido, las funciones –señales- se consideran como vectores. Cuando el espacio vectorial se dota con un producto interior, la proyección de una función sobre un subespacio es análoga al cálculo de una aproximación a un vector del espacio, generalmente de dimensión finita, mediante un número finito de funciones de una base de tipo ortogonal. En el presente artículo se realiza una mirada de los antecedentes y soluciones al problema de Basilea (PB) o ∑_(K=1)^∞ (1/K^2), desde su origen a mediados del siglo XVII hasta hoy, es decir: 372 años de un problema que aparece recurrentemente en el ambiente matemático; y se presenta como novedad una solución por medio de la teoría de los espacios vectoriales, más concretamente utilizando proyecciones de una función sobre un subespacio; se exhiben los resultados de aplicar la solución en el cálculo de  y su comparación con fracciones que lo han representado históricamente.
Aprovechamiento potencial de residuos de la agroindustria caldense según su composición estructural
Authors: Flórez Montes Ciliana , Rojas González Andrés Felipe
Published: March 2020

El presente documento tiene como objetivo la identificación de los principales residuos de la agroindustria en el departamento de Caldas, la caracterización estructural de estos y proponer un aprovechamiento potencial. La caracterización estructural se lleva a cabo mediante la determinación de los componentes estructurales (celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina) y no estructurales (extractivos y cenizas) de cada uno de los residuos agroindustriales. Teniendo en cuenta estos resultados, se identifican las aplicaciones potenciales de los residuos estudiados según sus porcentajes de celulosa, hemicelulosa, lignina y extractivos. Los resultados indican que las semillas de naranja y mandarina, el vástago de tomate de árbol y las cáscaras de mango, guanábana, maracuyá y plátano tienen un aprovechamiento potencial en la industria del papel, textil, alimenticia y azúcares fermentables, en la fabricación de biomateriales y en la obtención de éter y ésteres de celulosa, debido al porcentaje de celulosa presente en éstos. Los residuos con porcentajes importantes de hemicelulosa, como las cáscaras de piña y tomate de árbol y las semillas de tomate de árbol, pueden ser utilizadas en la industria química, alimenticia y farmacéutica. Las cáscaras de mango, guanábana y lulo, y la borra de café presentan altos contenidos de lignina por lo que representa una fuente potencial de compuestos como la vainillina y los lignosulfonatos, que tienen aplicaciones en la industria alimenticia y química. Las cáscaras de maracuyá, piña y mango tienen aplicaciones en la industria alimenticia y farmacéutica debido a su contenido de extractivos.
Estabilidad estructural y electrónica para la adsorción de Nb sobre la superficie polar del AlN
Authors: Hernández Páez Dairo José , Restrepo Leal Diego , Escorcia Salas Gene Elizabeth
Published: March 2020

Se reportan cálculos de primeros principios con el fin de analizar la adsorción y la difusión de un átomo de Nb en la superficie AlN (0001) con una geometría 2 × 2, la cual se construye con el modelo de supercelda. En los cálculos se resuelven las ecuaciones de Konh-Sham con una base de ondas planas y pseudopontenciales atómicos, para lo cual se utiliza la aproximación del gradiente generalizado (GGA) para describir la interacción electrón-electrón, dentro del marco de la teoría del funcional de la densidad (DFT). Con el propósito de estudiar el modelo de adsorción más favorable, se consideran los sitios de alta simetría T1, T4 y H3. Se encuentra que las estructuras energéticamente más favorables corresponden a la de un átomo de Nb localizado en los sitos H3 y T4, mientras que la adsorción del Nb sobre un átomo de aluminio (sitio T1) es desfavorable. La difusión del Nb sobre la superficie muestra una energía de activación de 0.453 eV de T4 hacia H3. Los resultados de las reconstrucciones adsorbato-superficie en los diferentes puntos de alta simetría presentan una relajación lateral de unas centésimas de angstrom con relación a su configuración más estable. Finalmente, se comparan la densidad de estados de la superficie limpia AlN(0001) y las reconstrucciones que presentan mayor favorabilidad energética.
Remoción de fosfato de ambientes acuáticos utilizando nanopartículas modificadas de Fe-Co/Quitosan
Authors: Issaian Tadeh , Reyes Cuellar Julia Costanza
Published: March 2020

Chitosan modified iron-cobalt nanoparticles (CMNPs) were used for phosphate adsorption in synthetic wastewater and river water from the Jordan river in Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia. Phosphate adsorption by CMNPs reached 52.7% in synthetic wastewater and 58.7% in water taken from the Jordan river. This indicates that the CMNPs ability to adsorb phosphates is independent of other components within river water. Additionally, adsorption measurements were taken using the average pH, temperature, and phosphate concentration of the river water in order to ensure results comparable to those of (Kim 2017). A maximum adsorption rate of 0.138 mg of phosphate per gram of adsorbent was found with the majority of adsorption taking place within the first 15 minutes of contact with the adsorbent. The adsorption of phosphates using CMNPs presents an effective and environmentally friendly solution to reducing phosphates in aquatic ecosystems without altering the characteristics of river water.
Aplikasi Metode Geolistrik Resistivitas Konfigurasi Wenner dan Wenner-Schlumberger pada Daerah Mata Air Panas Kali Sengon di Desa Blawan-Ijen
Authors: Saputra Faishal , Baskoro Satrio Agung , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Priyantari Nurul
Published: March 2020

Salah satu manifestasi panas bumi yang terdapat di Desa Blawan-Ijen adalah mata air panas Kali Sengon. Struktur bawah permukaan di daerah mata air panas dapat diketahui dengan menggunakan metode geolistrik resistivitas konfigurasi Wenner dan Wenner-Schlumberger. Lintasan penelitian untuk konfigurasi Wenner (lintasan 1) memiliki panjang 76 m, spasi elektroda 2 m dan variasi n 1-6, sedangkan untuk konfigurasi Wenner-Schlumberger (lintasan 2) panjang lintasan 120 m, spasi elektoda 6 m dan variasi n 1-6. Data yang didapatkan diolah dengan software Res2Dinv menghasilkan citra resistivitas 2D. Berdasarkan citra resistivitas 2D pada lintasan 1 dengan kedalaman 6,37 m dan terdiri dari lapisan lempung, air tanah, pasir, batuan tufa, batuan breksi dan batuan basalt dengannilai resistivitas (0,708- 685) Ωm. Citra resistivitas 2D pada lintasan 2 dengan kedalaman 23,7 m yang memiliki nilai resistivitas (0,130- 767) Ωm berupa lapisan air panas, air tanah, lempung, pasir, lapisan batuantufa, basalt, kerikil, batu pasir dan slate.
Biofilm Application as Biomonitoring Agent in Heavy Metals Pb2+ and Cr6+ in Ngimboh Coastal, Ujungpangkah, Gresik
Authors: Riswandi Agung , Mahmudi Muhammad , Kurniawan Andi , Salamah Lutfi Nimatus
Published: March 2020

Biomonitoring is the use of organisms to monitor and assess/detect the condition of an environment. Ngimboh Coast is a coastal line in Ujungpangkah Subdistrict, East Java (Indonesia) which functions as a vessel berth, TPI, and shipyard industry which has the potential to dispose of waste containing Pb2+ and Cr6+ which affect the physical condition of chemicals and organisms in these waters. This study aims to determine the Biofilm can be a biomonitoring agent in heavy metals Pb2+ and Cr6+ and to know the physical chemical conditions in the Ngimboh coast, Ujungpangkah District, Gresik. This study uses a survey method. Biofilm, sediment and water sampling was carried out at 3 sampling points, namely the first sampling point area close to the disposal of shipyard industrial waste, the second sampling point was an empty land area, and sampling point three was the estuary area. The parameters were measured such as physical properties (temperature, current speed, water depth), chemical properties (pH, DO, salinity), metal content of Pb2+ and Cr6+ on biofilms, sediments and water.
Selection Of Municipal Wastewater Reuse Technology For Agricultural Water By Using Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA): The Case Of Walcheren Wastewater Treatment Plant, The Netherlands
Authors: Marleni Ni Nyoman Nepi , Ermawati Ristie , Firdaus Nitis Aruming
Published: March 2020

The water demands for agricultural purposes are increasing along with the population growth. Unfortunately, the water source is not sufficiently available nowadays. Furthermore, the quality of available water is more deteriorated due to the contamination from many sources such as households, industrial areas and other activities. Water board Scheldestromen handles 16 wastewater treatment plants located in Province of Zeeland in The Netherlands. The total production of treated effluent water from 16 wastewater treatment plants is 50 million annually. Quality of the effluent is relatively good, however, some potential risks related to the number of pathogenic microorganism and some trace metals are still there. The treated effluent is mostly discharged to river near to the treatment plant. The high amount of effluent discharge would potentially to be re-used for fulfill the demand for agricultural water. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the feasibility of treated effluent from one of Walcheren wastewater treatment plants located in Ritthem, Province of Zeeland.This study uses the method of Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) for looking the best way to re-use the effluent for agricultural purposes. The MCA questionnaire was developed based on the thorough literature review of effluent reuse. There are 6 criteria that need to be weighted and 6 scenario alternatives that need to be scored for the MCA questionnaire. The result show that the effluent water contained pathogenic bacteria (E.Coli) and some trace metals (Ni and Cu) more than suggested by FAO standard. Hence the most preferred technology is combination between closed conduits and UV system, with weighted score 0.78 while others had less weighted score compared to the selected one
Field Adaptation for Watermelon Cultivation under Shallow Ground Water Table in Tidal Lowland Reclamation Area
Authors: Imanudin Momon Sodik , JP Satria , , Bakri , Armanto M. Edi
Published: March 2020

 

Agriculture productivity of tidal lowland reclamation areas in South Sumatra is still low. It leads to the increasing of agricultural land conversion into plantation areas. Controlling the water table is the main factor in the tidal lowlands; this research aimed to develop micro drainage system in tertiary block for controlling water table under wet condition. Watermelon was used as a crop indicator and planted in mid- March 2015. The location of the research was in a tidal lowland agriculture with land typology B, where the tide can only be as irrigation during the rainy season. The method of this research was surveying and monitoring. Groundwater observation, measurement value hydraulic conductivity and land drainage applications were included in the field activities. The design of land drainage used an intensive shallow drainage concept; the effect of the depth of the water table to water status was evaluated by the UPFLOW model. A micro drainage on tertiary block was used by 8 m drain spacing, with channel depth of 20 cm. The results showed that the tertiary gate operation was maximum drainage option. The water table depth was 25 cm in soil depth.The watermelon crops grew well and production reached 20 t ha-1
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Protection of Turbidity on Reefs along the Southeast Coast of the Kalimantan during the 2015 El Niño
Authors: Asmawi Suhaili , Rifa'i Muhammad Ahsin , Mahyudin Idiannor , Ruslan Muhammad
Published: March 2020

Coral reef, the most diverse and highly valuable marine ecosystem, may be influenced by bleaching. This study aimed to determine the effect of turbidity on the severity of coral bleaching and mortality due to thermal stress and high solar irradiation caused by the 2015 El Niño event. Coral colonies in eighteen permanent bleaching belt transects (50 m x 1 m) in six sites were observed from June to November 2015, coinciding with the 2015 El Niño event. Environmental factors: water depth, sea surface temperature (SST), salinity, turbidity, sedimentation and total suspended solid (TSS) were measured on the same transect. The results of the study showed that the 2015 El Niño event was a major disaster for reefs on the southeast coast of the Kalimantan. Of total colonies (N = 12,954), 45.4% of colonies were bleached and 14.7% of colonies died during the period of July to November 2015. Turbidity, TSS, and sedimentation were negatively correlated with the bleaching mortality index (BMI). Coral bleaching in clear and deep waters occurred earlier and increased rapidly compared to that in turbid waters. However, the severity of coral bleaching in the turbid zone increased dramatically when the turbidity dropped to <3 NTU. Turbidity >5 NTU could provide shade, in which the proportion of dead corals was only 3.5%. The severity of coral bleaching in the turbid zone is not solely due to thermal stress and solar irradiation; it may also be influenced by a history of exposure to high turbidity and low salinity.
An Integrated Landscape Approach for Socially Inclusive Peatland Restoration
Authors: Jessup Timothy , Segah Hendrik , Silvius Marcel , Applegate Grahame , Jagau Yasurum
Published: March 2020

Successful restoration and fire prevention in peat landscapes require full rewetting and permanent revegetation for optimal water retention. The ecological and socio-economic heterogeneity of these landscapes calls for integrated approaches based on participatory zonation and locally appropriate business models. Primary activities in deep-peat core zones are blocking of drainage canals and revegetation; in shallow-peat buffer zones, forestry and agroforestry on fully rewetted peat, aquaculture, and duck farming; while on surrounding non-peat mineral soils, more intensive tree plantations and agriculture. Community-oriented enterprises require private investment, including microfinance. Blended public and private investment is needed for core-zone restoration. Assuming restoration costs of USD 250-1,000 per ha on moderately drained peat, with emissions of 40tCO2/ha/year, carbon finance could pay for the cost of restoration in under 10 years if emissions are fully or largely abated. To stimulate investment in multiple peatland landscapes we propose a provincial ‘enabling platform’ to support participatory zoning, project design, and monitoring based on common standards and methodologies; technical assistance and incubation for project start-up; multi-stakeholder support for enabling policies, plans and institutions; strengthened finance mechanisms and bundled investments for large and small enterprises; and robust scientific support and knowledge exchange.
Guide for Author
Authors: Hardi Enny
Published: March 2020

Guide for Author
Influence of Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) on Allergenic Potential of Tree Nuts
Authors: Vicente Fatima , Sanchiz Africa , Rodriguez-Perez Rosa , Pedrosa Maria , Quirce Santiago , Haddad Joseph , Besombes Colette , Linacero Rosario , Allaf Karim , Cuadrado Carmen
Published: March 2020

Pistachio and cashew contain allergenic proteins, which causes them to be removed from the diet of allergic people. Former evidences have demonstrated that food processing (thermal and non-thermal) can produce structural and/or conformational changes in proteins by altering their allergenic capacity. In this study, the influence of Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) on the pistachio and cashew allergenic capacity has been studied. Western blot was carried out using IgG anti-11S and anti-2S and IgE antibodies from sera of patients sensitized to pistachio and cashew. DIC processing causes changes in the electrophoretic pattern, reducing the number and intensity of protein bands, as the pressure and temperature treatment increment what results in a remarkable decrease of detection of potentially allergenic proteins. The harshest conditions of DIC (7bar, 120s) markedly reduce the immunodetection of allergenic proteins, not only by using IgG (anti 11S and anti 2S) but also when IgE sera from sensitized patients were used for Western blots. Such immunodetection is more affected in pistachio than in cashew nuts, but it not completely removed. Therefore, cashew proteins are possibly more resistant than pistachio proteins. According these findings, Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) can be considered a suitable technique in order to obtain hypoallergenic tree nuts flour to be used in food industry.
Weak Gravitational Lensing by Bocharova-Bronnikove-Melnikov-Bekenstein Black Holes Using Gauss-Bonnet Theorem
Authors: Javed Wajiha , Khadim Muhammad Bilal , Övgün Ali
Published: March 2020

In this article, we demonstrate the weak gravitational lensing in the context of Bocharova-Bronnikove-Melnikov-Bekenstein (BBMB) black hole. To this desire, we derive the deflection angle of light in a plasma medium by BBMB black hole using the Gibbons and Werner method. First, we obtain the Gaussian optical curvature and implement the Gauss-Bonnet theorem to investigate the deflection angle for spherically symmetric spacetime of BBMB black hole. Moreover, we also analyze the graphical behavior of deflection angle by BBMB black hole in the presence of plasma medium.
Accelerated Production of Hesperidin-rich Citrus Pectin from Waste Citrus Peel for Prevention and Therapy of COVID-19
Authors: Meneguzzo Francesco , Ciriminna Rosaria , Zabini Federica , Pagliaro Mario
Published: March 2020

Computational studies suggest that hesperidin, a flavonoid abundant in citrus peel, binding the three main cellular receptors of SARS-CoV-2 virus can act in the prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19. Herein we urge the uptake of hydrodynamic cavitation industrial-scale reactors based on the low cost, reliable Venturi tube for the extraction of citrus pectin rich in hesperidin (and in other bioflavonoids including naringing) by very fast processing of waste orange peel or waste lemon peel in water only. A device able to process up to 500 kg of waste peels per session, similar to the one lately deployed in Italy for hydrodynamic cavitation-assisted brewing, is capable to provide 36,000 doses of 1000 mg hesperidin per day.
What Determines Spontaneous Physical Activity in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease?
Authors: Gorzkowska Agnieszka , Cholewa Joanna , Malecki Andrzej , Cholewa Jarosław
Published: March 2020

Physical activity (PA) is a factor that may have an influence on the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of this study was to identify the potential determinants of spontaneous PA in the PD patient group. 134 PD patients aged 65.2±9.2 years, Hoehn-Yahr scale ≤ 4, Mini Mental State Examinaton (MMSE) ≥ 24 were examined. For the study purposes, the authors analyzed: age, sex, education, history of PD, dopaminergic treatment, the severity of PD symptoms using Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn-Yahr scale. Additionally all participants were evaluated through a set of scales for specific neuropsychiatric symptoms including: depression, anxiety, apathy, fatigue and sleep disorders. An analysis of linear regression was used with backward elimination. In the total explanatory model, 12% of the variability in activity (R2=0.125; F(16.133)=2.185; p<0.01), the significant predictor was starting therapy with the dopamine agonist (DA) (β= 0.420; t= 4.068; p=0.000), which was associated with a longer duration of moderate PA. In the total explanatory model, for more than 13% of the variance in time spent sitting (R2=0.135; F(16.130)=2.267; p<0.01), the significant predictors were secondary education and the results of the UPDRS. The patients with secondary and vocational education, those starting treatment with DA and those with a less severe degree of Parkinson’s symptoms (UPDRS) spent less time sitting in a day. It is possible to identify determinants of spontaneous PA. It may elucidate consequences in terms of influence on modifiable conditions of PA and the proper approach to patients with unmodifiable PA factors.
Convergence of the Study on Monochromatic X-rays and the Research on Nanoparticles Opens Up a Possibility to Develop a New Type of Radiation Therapy
Authors: Tamanoi Fuyuhiko , Matsumoto Kotaro , Doan Tan Le Hoang , Shiro Ayumi , Saitoh Hiroyuki
Published: March 2020

Conventional radiation therapy uses white X-rays that consist of a mixture of X-ray waves with various energy levels. In contrast, a monochromatic X-ray (monoenergetic X-ray) has a single energy level. Irradiation of high Z elements with a synchrotron generated monochromatic X-ray with the energy at or higher than the K-edge energy of the element results in the production of the Auger electrons that cause DNA damage leading to cell killing. Delivery of high Z elements into cancer cells and tumor mass can be facilitated by the use of nanoparticles. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been shown to be effective in delivering high Z elements to cancer cells. A proof of principle experiment was reported that demonstrated the feasibility of this approach. This opens up a possibility to pursue the Auger cancer therapy by the combined use of MSNs loaded with high Z elements and monochromatic X-rays. Similar cancer therapies using other types of quantum beams such as neutron, proton and carbon ion beams can be envisioned.
EXPLORING SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ SELF-REGULATION IN FACING THE ENGLISH HIGH-STAKE UNIVERSITY ADMISSION TEST
Authors: P Arima Renny Dayu , Kuswandono Paulus
Published: March 2020

This study investigated the implementation of senior high school students’ self-regulation in facing the high-stake university admission test. The researchers examined the factors that constitute senior high school students to be self-regulated learners and how the students implemented self- regulation in achieving their goals as well as entering a university. To obtain the data, the researchers conducted the study in a public one senior high school in Klaten, Indonesia using mix methods of qualitative and quantitative research. The researchers gained the data by interviewing 12 third grades of senior high school students and asking them to answer questionnaires. The researchers presented the data using narrative inquiry statements. The result showed that all participants did self-regulation learning in order to achieve their goals to enroll study at a famous and reputable university in Indonesia such as ITB, UGM, UNS, STAN and Politekes. To be self-regulated learners, the participants had implemented 4 conditioned phases such as forethought and planning, monitoring, controlling and reflecting phase.