bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial diffusion of teleshopping. Empirical Studies in the Netherlands
Authors: De Smidt Marc
Published: February 2020

Teleshopping is not the most popular electronic service to be provided. Previous experience with mailordering could be facilitate the introduction of teleshopping, although the demographic and socio-economic profile of teleshoppers deviate from the mean average mailordering consumer in sofar that they are younger and have a higher income level. Empirical evidence show that people facing time and/or mobility constraints are most likely to become daily consumer goods teleshoppers. Apart from the expected double wage earners with tight time schedules, also elderly detached people are engaged into teleshopping, the latter for reasons of lack of mobility opportunities.

For regional planning teleshopping could provide peripheral rural areas with department store goods, "public-access" systems being more adequate than "home-access" systems asking for videotex experiments that will not have a required threshold. This will depend also on the strategy used to introduce videotexsystems under suboptimal free market conditions. A nationwide introduction of a minitel (top-down approach) could outweight this disadvantage, regional videotexsystems will not be successful unless a national network is provided by combining all regional efforts (a bottom-up approach).
Communicative networks of Post and Telecommunications in China
Authors: Lu Zi
Published: February 2020

This question— communicative networks, is the second focal point that I systematically study communicative geography of post and telecommunications. The paper analyses the composition of elements and classification on communicative networks of the post and telecommunication (P-T) in china, makes comments on each of compositive form of communicative networks of post and telecommunication, in practical use proves that multistage radiation converge form used in Chinese long-distance telecommunication networks, and multistage radiation transit form used in Chinese long-distance postal networks. Eventually, proceed in the case from the postal need, with that object in increasing the communicative anility of networks, taking benefit as binding condition, a plan model be discussed about development of communications.
Mondialisation logistique et circulation de l’information. Le cas de l’industrie cimentière et du Groupe LAFARGE COPPEE
Authors: Duong Philippe
Published: February 2020

Highly capitalistic and inflexible industry, producing heavy goods involving localization

close to raw material springs and consumption centres, cement industry is essentially a local Industry. However, even for a marginal volume, the world cement trade plays a regulating part in selling the surplus and absorbing the local deficits. This reality involves a new logistic organization in which the intematinal flows are more and more part of the national flows. With the LAFARGE COPPEE Group’s exemple, the study shows how the new combination of new equipments adjusted to exportation, the water planted cement stories, and new shipping organization, allows the world cement leaders to control the market This sophisticated management of cement flows requires as a result a more efficient management of information flows in wider spaces. This justifies a more frequent use of telecommunication systems specially via satellite.
Enjeux sociaux, techniques et spatiaux des communications : éléments pour une recherche appliquée
Authors: Bakis Henry
Published: February 2020

L’auteur plaide ici pour une nouvelle forme d’approche des implications et enjeux sociaux chez les opérateurs de réseaux techniques. Il s’agit d’éviter deux écueils : d’une part, le dérapage vers des préoccupations étrangères aux besoins directs des opérateurs (une recherche théorique, voire fondamentale), d’autre part une recherche trop directement au service des besoins des laboratoires (devenant un simple appendice de la recherche technique et perdant ses meilleures potentialités pour l’opérateur).

Ce texte écrit par le seul chercheur du CNET impliqué dans ce type d’études sans interruption depuis 1978, livre quelques réflexions sur la situation paradoxale de l’analyse des enjeux sociaux et spatiaux : positions relativement marginalisées, alors même qu’elles deviennent stratégiques pour les grands opérateurs.

Ces considérations fournies par l’expérience en matière de télécommunications peuvent servir de base de réflexion utile au Comité de l’IREPP "La Poste, objet et sujet de recherches", mais aussi plus généralement à d’autres grandes entreprises gestionnaires de réseaux techniques.
The Making of a High Technology Node ; Foreign Owned Companies in Israeli Industry
Authors: Felsenstein Daniel
Published: February 2020

This paper conceptualizes the role of Israel's high technology sector as that of a node in a global production network. In such a system, the role of the individual node and its' centrality is measured by the volume of its' interactivity with other nodes. Each node can characterized by the intensity of the incoming and outgoing flows of information, investments and so on, that pass through it. Foreign investment is one indicator of the centrality of a node. In this node/network structure, much of the classic rationale for investing abroad (incentives, cheap inputs and even market penetration), is of limited validity.

This paper attempts to empirically measure this node function. This is done at two spatial levels. At the global level, a case study of US semiconductor direct investment in Israel is presented. This looks at the local and non-local linkages in the production of leading-edge IC products in the mid 1980's. At the national level, a firm level analysis is presented of the locational behavior of foreign-owned companies in Israeli industry and its1 determinants. Using a unique data base - the Dun and Bradstreet file on foreign-owned firms in Israel - the spatial behavior of these firms is modeled. The results seems to indicate the importance of 'node-type' factors such as the centrality of small firms in R&D activity and labor force stability, rather than the standard determinants such as incentives, labor costs and infrastructure.
La logistique comme interface entre les dynamiques industrielles et spatiales. Une analyse des transformations organisationnelles en cours
Authors: Cabaret Katy
Published: February 2020

Partant de la nécessité d'adopter une approche multidimensionnelle dans l 'analyse du transport comme facteur de développement industriel, nous tentons de caractériser les interactions entre les modes d'organisation, le transport et l'espace en fonction des spécificités des activités. Dans le cadre de la théorie de la régulation, nous supposons que l'émergence du mode d'organisation flexible modifie les modes d'organisation traditionnelle et Fordiste mais ne les fait pas disparaître. Il apparaît par conséquent une articulation entre ces différents modes. Nous supposons alors que des secteurs s ’appuient principalement sur un mode particulier. Ainsi nous rattachons la métallurgie au mode d'organisation traditionnelle, l'automobile au fordisme et l’informatique au post-fordisme. Pour comprendre la logique entre le système de transport et le système économique, le concept multidimensionnel de flexibilité, c'est à dire la flexibilité statique et dynamique est utilisé. L’objectif consiste alors à différencier le rapport entre la logistique et les deux formes de flexibilité. L'espace est enfin introduit dans l’analyse grâce à l'étude des interactions entre trois dimensions de la proximité : spatiale, organisationnelle et circulatoire.

L’illustration de ces hypothèses et résultats se fait grâce à l’association d’une entreprise à chacun des trois types d'activités retenus auparavant. Empiriquement, il s’agit de répondre à trois questions : Comment les principes de flexibilité s'appliquent-ils au niveau de ces trois entreprises ? Quelle est la logistique mise en place ? Comment s'expriment dans l'espace les interactions entre les differentes formes de proximité au sein de chacune de ces entreprises ? Les trois entreprises retenues sont SOLLAC pour la métallurgie, SEVELNORD, pour l'automobile, et IBM pour l'informatique. Pour chacune d'entre elles, une vision temporelle est privilégiée pour mettre en évidence l'évolution du contexte socio-économique, des infrastructures de transport, de l’organisation de la production et de l'organisation spatiale.
The traffic control information center of Seville after the urbanistic transformation in 1992. Positive and negative influence of the urban plan implementation
Authors: Moreno Navarro Jesus G.
Published: February 2020

New Information Technologies applied to land and urban managemment are yielding effective assessment and control tools as those already working in the most modem cities of Europe. Nevertheless, a previous logic conception of the urban structure is indispensable when it comes to creating an Information System for traffic control. In the case of the City of Seville, the change in the configuration of its road network has been crucial for the implementation of the Traffic Information Control System that has been in service in Seville since 1993. This paper aims to point out the interest of the relation there has been between the new urban plan of Seville and the simplification and the design of its Traffic Control System which is based on a fiber optic wire network. But this paper will also discuss negative factors for the implementation of a project that was too linked with the financing for this urban transformation. It will also explain the prospects of a future project, as well as the problems it will face, due to the traditional lack of coordination between the three different levels of independent administrations in Spain -Central, Regional and Municipal, which is a serious handicap for developing a more global concept of information systems.
Internet et le territoire : un divorce annoncé ou une communauté d’intérêt ? L’exemple de la diffusion du Web en France
Authors: Grasland Loïc
Published: February 2020

Si les réseaux de télécommunications permettent un affranchissement des contraintes de distance, ils ne nient pas pour autant l’espace et les territoires : le cyberespace n’est pas aussi virtuel qu’on le prétend parfois. Une analyse des sites Web français montre que le contenu territorial du réseau s’accroît en fonction de la diffusion du Web hors des cercles académiques et en fonction inverse de l’importance des villes. La croissance du Web conduit les créateurs de sites à intégrer de plus en plus fréquemment des spécificités territoriales pour affirmer leur différence. En soulignant le caractère indissociable d’une fonction de communication techniquement affranchie des contraintes spatiales et d’une fonction de représentation valorisant les territoires, Internet apparaît ainsi comme un outil au service de la reconnaissance des différenciations spatiales
Région, héritages culturels et changement social. Le cas des télécommunications en Auvergne
Authors: Garcia Denis
Published: February 2020

Les télécommunications et plus particulièrement les Nouvelles Techniques de Communication et d’information (NTIC) agissent comme un révélateur des dysfonctionnements territoriaux au sein d’une région enclavée de moyenne montagne telle que l’Auvergne. L’essor des technologies de l’information et de la communication dans cette région était programmé depuis le début des années 80, depuis 3 à 4 ans nous pouvons observer des évolutions contrastées dans la mise en œuvre de ces processus de développement et de communication.
Advanced technology, new spatial dynamic and urban competition : a procedure for evaluation of the italian districts’ competitive potential
Authors: Galderisi Adriana , Gargiulo Carmela
Published: February 2020

The global change of economy and production determined by the impact of advanced communication technology are re-launching the role of cities and regions from local to global scale. Global competition among cities induces new spatial dynamic, modifying the traditional territorial hierarchies and concentrating the management of economic, technological and cultural relationships in a few metropolitan areas.

Starting from this assumption, this paper gives a contribution for setting up strategies targeted to the promotion of competitive take-off of Italian districts — considered as the most suitable reference unit for this work — closely connected to the strategic resources of each district. In order to pursue this aim, the research work has a twofold goal :

-to identify the strategic resources enabling regions to gain a competitive advantage at different territorial levels (international , national, local) ;

-to evaluate the Italian districts’ competitive potential in the international, national and local context.

The research work deals with the problem of the international competition among cities with a focus on the territorial aspect of the competition. Therefore, in order to set up a procedure for determining the competitive potential of the Italian districts, we consider apart from variables related to economy and production, also variables related to infrastructure equipment, settlement’s quality, human resources, etc. The main finding of the research work is a subdivision
The geographies of Cyberspace. A research note
Authors: Dodge Martin
Published: February 2020

This research note examines important information resources (mostly available online) that can help us to build a quantitative picture of the geographic dimensions and spatial form of the global Internet and the eponymous Web. The note begins by looking at Internet statistics, followed by consideration of tools to analyse the Internet in real-time, the nature of the World-Wide Web and finally the history of the Net.
Les géographes et la planète ‘Cyber’. Sources sélectionnées et commentées
Authors: Redjimi Mounir
Published: February 2020

Une introduction aux sources d’informations sur Internet présentant de l’intérêt pour les géographes.
L’entrée des îles méditerranéennes et tropicales dans l’économie informationnelle. Eléments pour une problématique
Authors: Bakis Henry
Published: February 2020

Cette communication présentera d’abord le contexte problématique (insularité, réseaux techniques territoriaux, rôle des transports pour les sociétés insulaires et pour le développement de l’économie insulaire ; l’opposition géoespace vs cyberespace). Elle déboucher sur l’examen de deux hypothèses majeures permettant d’articuler une recherche sur les îles méditerranéennes ou tropicales :

— les îles vont-elles mieux «s’amarrer » aux continents grâce à l’usage des systèmes de transports et de télécommunications ? ; — les réseaux (transports, réseaux techniques territoriaux) peuvent-ils contribuer à un meilleur fonctionnement spatial des milieux insulaires ?
Geo-/Cyberspaces and their nonlinear dynamics - comparisons, relationships and implications
Authors: Koch Andreas
Published: February 2020

The paper argues for cyberspaces as being technological systems which are acting/reacting/interacting within their own systems borders but also with other systems and — generally — their environment. Therefore it is possible to look at space (as a geographical phenomenon) as an instrument for cyberspaces, to enable representation, orientation and understanding of an abstract system with its own laws. A second aspect is related to the phenomenon of independently acting events : the discovery that the connection of events in computer networks often need no longer any human impact makes it necessary to rethink political and cultural space presentation and representation.
The Geography behind the Internet Cloud - Peering, Transit and Access Issues
Authors: Wilhelm Stefan
Published: February 2020

In 1999, the Internet development varies considerably by geographic region. The network of networks is the most transforming invention and is developing at a far greater speed than any other technology of the 20th century. The Internet affects the way people do business, learn, play and work and TCP/IP is the protocol which defines the Internet. The levels of change are very different : social and cultural changes through increased networking, re-location of companies and new forms of businesses and organisations, restructuring of supply and demand chains and new working methods as well as reshaping of processes in retail and wholesale business. These changes influence the spatial structure due to the kind and geographic spread of access and connectivity to networks beside the location pattern of the Internet industry itself. The growth potentials of the Internet are mainly influenced by the availability and performance of physical network infrastructure. Since Internet Service Providers (ISPs) partially use the public-switched network, access to backbone network resources via leased lines, local access via unbundled local loops, co-location and interconnection are important to the growth of the information society. The key drivers for the development of telecommunications infrastructure for access to the Internet and global connectivity are to ensure competition and appropriate regulation of dominance to maximise the roll-out to rural geographic areas, to new subscribers and to ensure a reasonable quality of service while at the same time encouraging carriers to compete for those markets. This paper provides insight behind the Internet cloud and the regulatory environment which has a significant impact on the development and connectivity of places and thus spatial structures within regions and countries. It considers the broad infrastructural issues, the structure of the market and the role played by tele¬ communications operators and discusses the market dynamics of access and Internet interconnection. In order to understand market dynamics of the Internet industry and the spatial implications, issues of traffic flows and communication structures, recent backbone market changes and interconnection on the backbone as well as local level regarding peering and transit systems need to be observed. Pricing of leased lines and Internet access pricing as well as special access products offered by Incumbents to ISPs to connect their customers are important elements which define the different developments of the Internet throughout geographic regions. Considering costs of connectivity and access, localisation of traffic nodes and geography of investments in new IP infrastructure, space and distance remain important for the evolution of the Internet
ICT and external business communication in SMEs
Authors: Ivarsson Inge
Published: February 2020

This survey focuses on how small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) use information and communication technology (ICT) for enhanced communication with external business partners. We focus on how SMEs and their external business partners communicate by means of computers, which we define as computer-aided-communication (CAC). The survey is based on firm-level data, collected through a structured questionnaire from 166 SMEs located in Western Sweden in the beginning of 1998. Half of SMEs are successful "growth-SMEs", half are a control group of other-SMEs, which in central respects are almost identical to the growth-SMEs. Comparing how these two categories of SMEs use CAC-linkages to business partners, we can identify possible differences. If growth-SMEs have established more or different CAC-linkages to external business partners compared to other-SMEs, this is an interesting indication of an association between the use of CAC and growth-SMEs .

In total, 80 percent of all surveyed SMEs indicated that they have established CAC-linkages with external business partners. Electronic mail seems to be widespread, and a majority also use Internet. A substantial number of SMEs seem to have invested in sophisticated transmission technologies, such as permanent connection and ISDN, while half of SMEs communicate with business partners through standardised data-files (e.g. EDI), indicating co-ordination of communication-technologies between business partners.

Although CAC helps to facilitate communication with external business partners, the major effects from using computers are found in the internal organisations of SMEs, above all in their administrative activities, but also in the production of goods and services. SMEs have basically established CAC-linkages to customers, while a smaller number have CAC-linkages to suppliers and corporate firms. The largest number of SMEs use CAC in the sales function and in the manufacturing/production operations. However, the intensity of this communication only seems to be high in the manufacturing and distribution activities. Between 30 and 40 percent of the company managers in SMEs indicate that they experience positive impacts from CAC-linkages with customers. It especially helps to shorten the lead times and it enhances flexibility in customer relations. However, CAC seems to have only marginally substituted face-to-face contacts with customers, and it basically deepens existing customer relations, rather than helps to establish contacts with new customers.

In conclusion, these findings indicate some interesting positive associations between growth-SMEs and CAC-linkages with external business partners, enhancing the competitiveness of these SMEs. The use of CAC among growth-SMEs contributes to the fact that these firms have been able to more effectively respond to the new demands in buyer-supplier relationships, which increasingly focus on flexibility and the production and distribution of customer-specified products with short lead times.
The Role of Contact Networks in Reconsidering Urban Systems Hierarchies
Authors: Giaoutzi Maria , Stratigea Anastasia
Published: February 2020

The drastic changes occurring within the European continent during the last decade, such as the removal of national harriers within the European Community and the strengthening of economic and political relationships between countries, imply a neiv geo-economic order in Europe as well as considerable changes in the hierarchical relationships between the regional and urban production systems. Reconsideration of hierarchical relationships will be based upon a certain number of criteria such as economic, social, ethnic as well as polarization and accessibility to contact networks.

As contact networks can be considered all kinds of networks, both physical as well as non physical. The emphasis given to the notion of contact networks reflects strongly the growing importance attached to the interaction taking place between the various actors or regions, which adds a new dimension to the relationship between networks and spatial development.

The growing accessibility of urban centres based on various types of contact networks is expected to reconsider accessibility and development patterns in the urban hierarchy at a European scale. In such a context, the hierarchy of urban centres so far based on indicators such as production activities, population e.t.c. has been, at stake. Cities are nowadays acquiring the role of being the nodes of contact networks.

The focus of this paper is related to the process of evolving urban hierarchy at a European scale in the light of accessibility of urban centres to contact networks, both from a theoretical as well as a methodological point of view. The paper aims at establishing a methodological paradigm for evaluating the dynamics of urban hierarchy, where the issue of accessibility to contact networks is taken into account through various accessibility indicators.
Approach for a Geography of telecommunications
Authors: Grentzer Martin
Published: February 2020

Notre monde change à cause des technologies d’information. De ce fait les nouvelles recherches géographiques doivent réagir, et expliquer les mutations spatiales qui en résultent. Cet article veut décrire une nouvelle approche pour une géographie de s télécommunications.
Telecommunications and Space : Questions and Concepts
Authors: Lenz Barbara
Published: February 2020

The great variety of concepts and research contexts indicates on the one hand that research on the issue of I&C technologies and new media is a very active field. On the other hand, it is also evidence that further studies are necessary, especially on the following subjects : microstudies on the intertwine of physical place (and local actors) and NICT/telecommunication ; studies on the relationship of the private and the business sector in shaping the virtual world ; studies on the spatial conditions for, and spatial effects of, commercial/business usage of electronic networks ; studies on the relationship of virtual networks and physical [transport] networks ; studies on the virtual networks and central functions of cities/places ; studies on the mobility effects by virtual networks (or more simply : virtual patterns) ; and methodological discussion.
The virtualization of urban functions
Authors: Fistola Romano , La Rocca Rosa Anna
Published: February 2020

Info-telematic technology is producing a new urban dimension : the digital city. Information represents by now the new good for urban economy : the city produces, elaborates and transfers information. Many of the functional Urban processes are progressively organizing themselves on such model. This means that in a few time, a lot of urban functions (finance, commerce, health, administration, etc.) mil be transferred by the real dimension to the digital one.

Many of face-to-face relationships, once essential forgetting service, will be transformed in the meeting of telematic flows that will replace large part of the urban mobility. If the city can be thought as a complex system, formed by a physical and a functional sub-system the change in action is firstly acting on this last sub-system by priming a process of modifying the urban activities (trading, financing administration, etc.) into virtual activities (virtualization of urban Junctions).

The new order of the city needs the definition of new interpretative models and new procedures to measure this change. The physical and functional city will need at all managerial and town planning actions totally different from those currently carried out. It is necessary to think about new ‘rules” for the city in changing. Urban planners bave a natural difficulty to manage with this type of matters and to envisage a system to manage the virtual dimension of the city. If we don't adopt such different optics it will not be succeeded in checking the new phenomena of urban modernization. Furthermore, it will be lost a possibility to orient the urban system toward new more qualitative levels.

Starting from such considerations the paper tries to put focus on the following topics :

1. an updating of the urban interpretative models that allows to effectively explain the actual evolutionary phase of the city ;

2. the definition of methods that allows to measure the «virtualization » level of the different parts of the city to be able to manage urban transformations ;

3. the envisage of a new process of town planning considering interaction among the component subsystems of the city (physical, functional, perceptive and communicative).
Relations between city and territory. The ‘territorial city’ as (new) spatial pattern for the digital era
Authors: Mazzeo Giuseppe
Published: February 2020

The transformations in progress in the Italian urban system are analyzed according to three main aspects : 1) the reduction of population in the cities, because of the townspeople movement toward the ring areas ; 2) the dissemination of primary urban functions from the traditional locations (the urban centers) to the surrounding territories ; 3) the small authority of the town planning set of rules, that does not match to the needs of a modem society.

Aim of the paper is to characterize the current relationships establishing between city and territory. It argues that the attention to the territorial phenomena (and, consequently, to the territorial planning) is very important also in the actual phase of strong development of the information economy society. Infact the changes in the economic paradigms of the modem society can affect on the role of the territory in order to develop its specificities and capacities. Such development, however, must not be intended as co mpetitive with the role of the city.

The “ territorial city”, as goal of this evolution, represents the potential synthesis of a cooperative action between city and territory.
La diffusion des NTIC au sein du réseau urbain français et le rôle des acteurs publics
Authors: Gillon Pascal , N'Diaye Oumar , Caro Patrice
Published: February 2020

The study deals with the ways in which the general public and the government make use of new information and communication technologies. We analyze the physical locations of Internet sites with “fr” as their domain names. The data were provided by the French NIC center (AFNIC). Using this sample (a quarter of all French sites), we find a rather even distribution of French sites in the Paris area plus the other main French cities, and the remainder of France. In addition, we try to enumerate the initiatives of the public actors responsible for the regional planning of the new information and communication technologies. Firstly, we clarify the economic and legal framework in which public actors are obliged to work. Then, we describe the principal projects and the main motivations of the partners involved. In this case, the distribution is much less clear, because rural actors are sometimes more conscious than urban actors about the possibilities offered by new information and communication technologies.
Interorganizational Hyperlink Networks among Websites in South Korea
Authors: Park Han Woo , Barnett George A. , Nam In Yong
Published: February 2020

This paper examines the interorganizational networks of websites. The interorganizational network is defined by the shared hyperlinks among the organizations’ websites. Individual websites network with others for the purpose of strengthening their credibility (trustworthiness, expertise, and safety) on the web. This paper examines the association among hyperlink network structures and the number of visitors and the perceptions of the website’s credibility. These relations are examined with a sample composed of the 50 most frequently visited Korean websites obtained from the Internet Metrix for June 2001. The results indicate that a site’s centrality in the hyperlink network is significantly related to insiting behavior and perceived website credibility.
Les services d’hébergement Internet en France
Authors: Jacquin Clément
Published: February 2020

The residence of sites is a fundamental constituent of Internet : a material and concrete support, the real interface between real world and virtual world. Far from speculations, myths and fantasies the author will notice gravities of the technical, economic, social, and spatial factors.
The Territorial Effects of Intelligent Transport Systems
Authors: Seguí Pons Joana María
Published: February 2020

The present paper intends to show the regional and social consequences of metropolitan and inter-city Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) through an examination of case studies, with special mention as to the implementation of ITS in Trans-European networks. The ITS encompass a combination of transportation information, communication and technologies in vehicles and infrastructures to make them more accessible. The ITS, although not a panacea that can solve all problems generated by transportation, furnish a considerable number of solutions. They increase the efficiency, effectiveness, and security of all modes of transport, contribute to the development of more sustainable transport, and aid to solve the problems of scarcity of new services.
Tactical Crime Mapping in South Africa
Authors: Cooper Antony K. , Schmitz Peter M. U.
Published: February 2020

La lutte contre le crime en Afrique du Sud : réalisations cartographiques. — Cet article présente quelques exemples de réalisations (cartographie numérique) faites en Afrique du Sud, notamment par le SAPS (South African Police Service) qui dispose de bases de données et d’outils analytiques. Il s’agit de réalisations destinées à améliorer la lutte contre le crime et susceptibles d’être utilisées devant un tribunal.
The New Geography : Geographical Knowledge and GIS
Authors: Ratti Bruno
Published: February 2020

Cet article se propose d’illustrer le rôle des TIC en adaptant la géographie à l’époque post-moderne. La contribution des TIC au progrès de la géographie se concrétise dans le GIS qui est devenu non seulement la technologie de référence pour la représentation du territoire, mais aussi le langage d’échange de la connaissance géographique. Cette double valeur de technologie et de langage fait du GIS le moteur du développement de la nouvelle géographie.

Le langage GIS permet l’usage d’une grammaire holistique s’appuyant sur cinq abstractions de la réalité territoriale : Geodataset, Modèles des données, Modèles des processus, Cartes, Méthadonnées. Le GIS fournit un cadre de référence pour porter la pensée géographique à travers tous les aspects de la vie sur le territoire dans une optique de gouvernement, d’affaires, d’émotions, de formation. Ainsi, la nouvelle géographie a diffusé la pratique et les principes géographiques bien au-delà des frontières de la culture de la géographie classique.
The creation of Gothia Science Park : an example of the application of the triple helix model in a Swedish context
Authors: Lorentzon Sten
Published: February 2020

Le point de départ de cet article est d’étudier le processus de la création du parc scientifique de Gothia. Le but est d’analyser les circonstances qui peuvent expliquer l'établissement de ce type de parc scientifique qui s'est déployé sur une échelle somme toute modeste. Quels sont les facteurs spécifiques qui permettent l’implantation des compagnies au sein du parc scientifique de Gothia ? L'approche intègre des logiques organisationnelles et des critères géographiques tels que l'endroit du parc, l'infrastructure disponible pour les transports et les communications, ou la coopération avec l'université de Skôvde. Au final, on s’intéresse à la manière dont les différents acteurs (par exemple politiciens, hommes d'affaires, universitaires) agissent les uns sur les autres et peuvent contribuer, de ce fait, au développement du parc. En outre, l'attention est portée aux facteurs localisés des compagnies établies au sein parc.
New meanings and measures of accessibility in the age of information and communication technologies
Authors: Saim Muhammad
Published: February 2020

The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is changing every aspect of human life. People have access to opportunities like jobs, shopping, public and private offices, etc., in virtual space (the space of flows), without facing the friction of distance in physical space (the space of places), which means that there is now a hybrid space. Changes in the way the activities are being conducted in this hybrid space have the biggest impact on the areas of transportation and communication, where the space of places may be substituted, modified, enhanced or result in higher traffic by the space of flows, where physical distance are reduced to nothing. In the past, physical distance was the measure of accessibility, but distance is now taking on a different meaning, resulting in a change in accessibility. In order to measure accessibility in the emerging hybrid space, we need to take the personal characteristics of people and the nature of the opportunities they are seeking into account more than ever before. By doing so, a model to measure accessibility in this hybrid space is developed which suggests that ICTs will enhance the accessibility of people to their opportunities.
Réseaux sociaux et déchets solides dans les villes gabonaises
Authors: Ada Nzoughe Corine
Published: February 2020

Cet article sur les réseaux sociaux de la filière des déchets solides urbains au Gabon met en lumière les relations entre différents acteurs. L'organisation en réseaux de ces acteurs révèle des insuffisances. Le cloisonnement des acteurs du secteur informel, l’absence de cadre juridique et l’insuffisance des ressources financières limite l’action des organisations non gouvernementales et des associations locales. L’Etat et les prestataires privés ont développé depuis les années 1970 des relations fortes qui les maintiennent au centre du système. L' organisations internationales apportent une aide technique et financière dans la réalisation des projets et soutiennent l'Etat et les municipalités dans ta définition du cadre institutionnel. Une précision des rôles de chaque acteur concerné et une meilleure collaboration entre ceux-ci est indispensable pour l'avenir du système déchets urbains au Gabon.
A new model for scientific publications
Authors: Kortabarria Leire
Published: February 2020

In this essay, we will first set out the context in which Oñati Socio-Legal Series was created. We will then aim to offer a non-exhaustive view of what an open access journal is and what it implies for scholars and for publishers, and the, sometimes, stark differences in each one’s view. From here, we will move on to draw a succinct description of the implications of the mainstream journal publishing scheme, with a stress on the commercial and economic implications. We will then narrow the focus and zero in on the case of Oñati Socio-Legal Series. Drawing on the case of this journal, we will argue why it is possible to expand a 100% free Open Access journal model, with no charges whatsoever on the authors, and why it is necessary for the scientific community.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum) PADA BERBAGAI DOSIS TERHADAP DAYA TETAS TELUR IKAN TAWES (Puntius javanicus)
Authors: Rahmayanti Fitria , Diana Farah , Rosa Silviana
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dan pengaruh pemberian ektrak bawang putih (Allium sativum) sebagai anti jamur pada telur ikan tawes (Puntius javanicus). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli Tahun 2015. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimen dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pada 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah dengan penambahan ekstrak bawang putih pada beberapa dosis yaitu P0 (tanpa perlakuan), P1 (1 ml/L), P2 (2 ml/L), P3 (3 ml/L). Selama penelitian dilakukan pengukuran parameter kualitas air dan Daya Tetas telur ikan tawes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak bawang putih (Allium sativum) berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap daya tetas telur ikan tawes (Puntius javanicus). Daya tetas tertinggi dihasilkan pada perlakuan P3 (3 ml/L) sebanyak 82,3% dan dilanjutkan dengan perlakuan P2 (2 ml/L) sebanyak 73,6%, P1 (1 ml/L) sebanyak 67,3% serta P0 (tanpa perlakuan) sebanyak 51%. Parameter kualitas air yang didapatkan selama penelitian sebelum pencampuran larutan ekstrak bawang putih rata-rata suhu 28, pH 7.0, DO 3.7 dan ratarata kualitas air setelah pencampuran larutan ektrak bawang putih suhu 28, pH 7.0, dan DO 3.8 ppm. Kata Kunci: Ekstrak bawang putih, ikan tawes, daya tetas, telur ikan
ANALISIS KUANTITAS TIGA VARIETAS RUMPUT LAUT Kappaphycus alvarezii YANG DIBUDIDAYA DENGAN METODE LONG LINE
Authors: Afandi Arfan , Syam Arif
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kuantitas terbaik yang dihasilkan dari varietas coklat, merah dan hijau rumput laut K. alvarezii  yang dibudidaya dengan metode long line.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Mei sampai Juni 2014 di Perairan Pulau Panjang, Desa Kamelanta, Kecamatan Kapontori, Kabupaten Buton, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara.  Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali sebagai kelompok berdasarkan jarak penanaman yakni darat (jarak tanam 15 m dari darat), tengah (jarak tanam 30 m dari darat) dan dalam (jarak tanam 45 m dari darat).  Dengan demikian unit percobaan yang dilibatkan sebanyak tiga unit pada setiap blok sehingga secara keseluruhan dibutuhkan 9 unit percobaan.  Perlakuan yang dicobakan pada penelitian ini adalah rumput laut K. alvarezii  varietas coklat (C), merah (M) dan hijau (H).  Parameter yang diukur yaitu kualitas air, klorofil-a, fikoeritrin, laju pertumbuhan dan produksi.  Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan sidik ragam (ANOVA).  Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Rumput laut K. alvarezii varietas coklat yang dibudidaya dengan metode long line menghasilkan kuantitas terbaik.
DAYA TERIMA FORMULASI MINUMAN BERBAHAN KEDELAI DAN LABU KUNING
Authors: Liestyaningsih Chori’ah , Maryanto Sugeng , Purbowati
Published: February 2020

Latar Belakang: Pangan fungsional merupakan makanan atau minuman yang mengandung bahan-bahan yang dapat meningkatkan status kesehatan dan mencegah penyakit tertentu serta dapat diterima secara sensori. Beberapa pangan fungsional tinggi antioksidan adalah kedelai dan labu kuning.

Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan daya terima, nilai gizi dan aktivitas antioksidan formulasi minuman berbahan kedelai dan labu kuning.

Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental dengan pendekatan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor. Sampel yang diuji coba adalah formulasi 1 (kedelai 25% + labu kuning 75%), formulasi 2 (kedelai 50% + labu kuning 50%), dan formulasi 3 (kedelai 75% + labu kuning 25%). Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif persentase dan analisis deskriptif statistik frekuensi.

Hasil : Daya terima dari tiga formulasi diperoleh hasil tertinggi formulasi 1 : 78,59% suka, lalu formulasi 2 : 69,69% suka, dan terendah formulasi 3 : 51,75% netral. Kandungan nilai gizi dari formulasi 1 memiliki kadar karbohidrat 9,35%, serat kasar 3,50% dan abu 3,89%  lebih besar dan formulasi 3 memiliki kadar protein yaitu 4,65%, lemak 2,81%, dan air 36,32% lebih tinggi. Dengan total energi tertinggi pada formulasi 2 : 69,71 kkal/100 gram. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi formulasi 1 : 22,408%, lalu formulasi 2 : 20,201%, dan terendah formulasi 3 : 19,766%.

Simpulan : Ketiga formulasi minuman berbahan kedelai dan labu kuning dapat diterima. Kandungan gizi pada kadar karbohidrat, serat kasar, dan abu tertinggi pada formulasi 1, kadar protein, lemak, dan air tertinggi pada formulasi 3, dan total energi terbesar pada formulasi 2, sedangkan akvitas antioksidan tertinggi pada formulasi 1.
DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP PENGOBATAN TB PARU PADA ANAK DI BALAI KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT AMBARAWA
Authors: Fernadiyanti  , Puspita Dhanang , Dary
Published: February 2020

Latar Belakang: Tuberkulosis adalah penyakit infeksi menular yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang dapat menyerang semua kalangan usia. Penularan tertinggi pada rentang usia 0-14 tahun karena daya tahan tubuh yang masih lemah. Keberhasilan dalam pengobatan TB anak membutuhkan dukungan keluarga seperti pengawasan dalam pengobatan anak, pemenuhan nutrisi yang baik, pemenuhan kebutuhan aktivitas dan istirahat yang cukup dan yang lainnya.

Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dukungan keluarga yang diberikan dalam pengobatan TB paru pada anak.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pemilihan riset partisipan menggunakan purposive sampling. Jumlah riset partisipan 11 orang. Kriteria pemilihan informan adalah orang tua/anggota keluarga yang tinggal satu rumah dengan anak berusia 0-14 tahun yang didiagnosa menderita TB paru dan sedang menjalani pengobatan/sudah selesai pengobatan TB paru. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Mei sampai Juni 2017. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara mendalam.

Hasil: Dalam penelitian ini ada 4 tema yaitu pengertian tentang TB paru pada anak, pengobatan TB paru pada anak, hambatan dalam pengobatan TB paru pada anak, dan dukungan keluarga yang diberikan terhadap penderita TB paru pada anak.

Simpulan: Anak yang menderita TB paru mendapatkan dukungan dari keluarganya seperti memastikan pengobatan yang dilakukan anak tidak pernah terlewatkan serta didukung dengan pemenuhan biaya, sosial, serta nutrisi yang baik untuk anak
Programa Lúdico para o Âmbito Corporativo
Authors: Teodoro Ana Paula Evaristo Guizarde , Schwartz Gisele Maria
Published: February 2020

Este estudo qualitativo objetivou avaliar o interesse e a satisfação de participantes de um programa lúdico para o âmbito corporativo e foi desenvolvido por meio de pesquisas bibliográfica e exploratória. A amostra contou com 25 funcionários de uma empresa, escolhida por conveniência, os quais participaram de um programa lúdico de longo prazo, visando refletir sobre problemas relacionados ao contexto do trabalho, de forma colaborativa, por meio de jogos. Os resultados da aplicação de escala do tipo Likert, analisados descritivamente pela Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, indicam alto interesse e satisfação dos participantes frente às intervenções lúdicas realizadas durante o programa oferecido. Com base nesses resultados, torna-se relevante a ampliação das discussões sobre esta temática, no sentido de incentivar novas práticas envolvendo o lúdico e empresas.
Usos de Espaços Públicos de Esporte e Lazer
Authors: Borges Carlos Nazareno Ferreira , Portilho Gilberto Otávio Neto de Souza , Protásio Filho Marcos Antônio Castro
Published: February 2020

O texto analisa os usos dos espaços e equipamentos públicos de esporte e lazer na Região Metropolitana de Belém/PA, com características de não localização à margem do mar, grande concentração urbana e insuficiência de equipamentos e espaços adequados às práticas. A questão problema surge das dificuldades enfrentadas pela demanda crescente por práticas corporais e como o Estado se comporta enquanto agente regulador dos espaços para suas práticas. A metodologia se dá por um protocolo de coleta de dados que envolvem mapeamentos, aplicação de questionários, entrevistas e inserção etnográfica, sendo a análise dos dados operada pela técnica de Análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam para reprodução do fenômeno já observado em outros locais alcançados pelo projeto de pesquisa original, no entanto, com comportamento diferenciado dos usos operados pela iniciativa privada. Entre as principais explicações, atribuímos à própria constituição dos espaços e equipamentos, frequentemente inadequados às práticas, mas sem que se exijam políticas públicas em nível primário.
O Araruna como um Fenômeno de Lazer
Authors: Santos Emanuelle Justino dos , Lucena Hugo Donato Nóbrega de , Medeiros Rosie Marie Nascimento de
Published: February 2020

Buscamos refletir como o Araruna se revela como um fenômeno de lazer, identificando os sentidos lúdicos existentes nas expressões culturais dos corpos brincantes. Identificamos que os sentidos lúdicos estão presentes nas danças e também nas outras práticas corporais, como a festa junina, o carnaval, o cinema, dentre outras atividades que o Grupo realizou ao longo de sua existência. As danças e demais práticas corporais da cultura de movimento do Araruna, quando contrastadas com a esfera do lazer, trazem vários fatores que a fazem relacionar-se a esse aspecto importante do viver e isso pode ser observado a partir das expressividades dos brincantes. Tais sentidos lúdicos do Araruna dialogam com as diferentes facetas do lazer, possibilitando novas ideias para o universo da dança.