bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Exploratory Investigation on Modelling Technologies to Flexible Loads Dispatching in A Smart Grid Environment
Authors: Zeng Kaiwen , Li Fusheng , Liu Jianing , Wang Haizhu , Lin Dan , Wu Weicong , Yu Tao
Published: October 2020

As the proportion of flexible load resources in smart grids continues to rise, resulting in increasingly complex grid structures, significant changes in grid characteristics, and increased risks to grid operation and control, it will be difficult to intelligently regulate the grid solely by relying on traditional resource regulation methods, and the dispatchable space for traditional resources will become smaller and smaller. To this end, this paper conducts an exploratory investigation on the modeling techniques for flexible loads participation in smart grid dispatching. First, a classification of the flexible loads involved in grid regulation is made. Secondly, according to the flexible load classification, the modeling techniques of different classes of flexible loads are reviewed and studied; then, the flexible load dispatching modes for different operating states and different control tasks, and under different control methods are discussed deeply. Moreover, the technological economics and feasibility of these different flexible load dispatching modes are compared. Finally, an outlook and conclusion are made.
Research on Transient Electromagnetic Detection Method for Substation Site Selection
Authors: Bo Yang , Qian Wang , Zhengyu Xu , Minghui Bao
Published: October 2020

A transient electromagnetic detection method for site selection of substation grounding is proposed in this paper. And taking the fault detection experiment of transmission lines in a certain area of China as an example, the transient electromagnetic technology is used to obtain high-quality images reflecting the development trend and distribution of geological faults. The results show that the transient electromagnetic method is a convenient and effective way for substation site selection.
Optimal Model of Investment Decision for Distribution Network Construction Project
Authors: Haozheng YU , Huijun SUN , Ke LI , Peng ZHOU , Xinzhi GUO , Zhaolun PAN , Jinxiong YU , Kehui WANG , Yulu LI
Published: October 2020

In order to meet the requirements of precise investment in the distribution network under the new power reform, this paper proposes an optimization model for the investment decision of the distribution network. With the largest net present value rate and the smallest comprehensive cost of grid operation as the optimization goal, and certain capital constraints as constraints, a distribution network 0-1 programming model is established and solved by LINGO software; the analysis of an example shows that this model can ensure the safety of investment in the distribution network and the precise investment allocation in the distribution network under certain financial constraints.
Optimization Strategy for Line Loss Reduction of Distribution Network Based on Multi-distributed Photovoltaic Access
Authors: Yang Fan , Liu Jun , Lu Bingbing , Zuo Luhao , Zhang Weihua
Published: October 2020

The number of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems connected to the system is increasing, especially for residents and non-residents. A large amount of photovoltaic grid-connected power brings new problems to the line loss management of the distribution network. This paper proposes a theoretical calculation model of line loss for distribution network with multi-distributed photovoltaic access. This paper adopts the actual case of Shanghai Power Grid, calculates based on the mathematical model proposed, and puts forward targeted optimization suggestions by comparing the simulation analysis results.
Countermeasures and suggestions regarding the development of low carbon transport
Authors: Zong Jianfang , Sun Liang , Guo Huiting , Fang Fei
Published: October 2020

The transport industry is the main sector of China’s energy consumption, while the urban transport is the main way of China’s carbon emissions. Therefore, the development of low carbon transport is not only the significant way to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, but also the inevitable trend for future development of transport industry. This paper introduces the present status and fundamental connotation, characteristics and implementation path of low carbon transport. On such basis, this paper illustrates the international experiences of low carbon transport, and analyzes the main problems existing in the development of urban low carbon transport in China. This paper also provides the countermeasures and suggestions regarding the development of low carbon transport in China.
Research Progress of Antibiotic Pollution and Treatment Technologies in China
Authors: Yang Wenju , Fulidong Feierkate , Ma Junwen , Cui Yubo
Published: October 2020

In recent years, antibiotic pollution has become increasingly serious in China, and many kinds of antibiotics have been detected in river basins, soil and drinking water. How to control antibiotic pollution has become a social concern in the process of building ecological civilization. This paper introduces the current situation, sources and harms of antibiotic pollution and analyzes the current development status of antibiotic pollution treatment technologies in China, such as traditional treatment technology, new constructed wetland technology and phytoremediation technology, etc. Some suggestions on antibiotic pollution control were given from the aspects of relevant laws and regulations, the use of antibiotic treatment technology according to local conditions and the combination of multiple processes.
Analysis and Prospect of Treatment Measures for Black - odorous Water Sediment in China
Authors: Zhang Zhongwei , Cui Yubo , Ma Junwen , Zou Xuejun , Chen Zhaobo
Published: October 2020

In recent years, black-odorous water bodies have been seriously polluted, and the release of endogenous pollution from sediments has once again caused harm to water bodies. How to deal with the black-odorous water sediment has become a widespread concern in the process of building ecological civilization . This article analyzes the sources, hazards, types, and treatment technologies of sediment pollution, including dredging and dredging technology, dredging and post-treatment technology, sediment cover technology, chemical agent dosing technology, microbial remediation technology, and aeration recovery oxygen technology, submerged phytoremediation technology and so on . The article gives suggestions and measures for the treatment of sediment from the aspects of external pollution control, implementation of measures according to local conditions, and development of new technologies.rocesses.
Effects of Precipitation on Air Pollution in Spring and Summer in Lanzhou
Authors: Guo Rui , Jiang Ye
Published: October 2020

Using hourly data to study the impact of precipitation on air pollutants and AQI in 2018 spring and summer in Lanzhou. The results show that precipitation has different scavenging capacity for air pollutants. The sorting capacity of precipitation for different pollutants is: SO2> PM10> NO2> O3> PM2.5> CO. Different levels of precipitation scavenging capacity is also different, heavy rain and micro rain had the best effect on PM10 removal, moderate rain and micro rain had better wet scavenging capacity for O3. Precipitation duration and precipitation are the key factors of pollutant removal capacity.
Feasibility Study of Shell Powder as Sludge Conditioning Agent
Authors: Zhang Zhongwei , Cui Yubo , Ma Junwen , Zhang Wanjun , Chen Zhaobo
Published: October 2020

Sludge becomes a “world problem” with the increase of wastewater treatment amounts across the world. Sludge treatment is mainly for reduction, stabilization, harmlessness and recycling. By adding sludge conditioning agents, it can effectively reduce the moisture content and the specific resistance of sludge, and provide effective guarantees for subsequent sludge dewatering. The shells were used to reduce the moisture content and specific resistance of sludge herein. Through the analysis of experimental data, the results showed that the best dosage of shell powder solution was 6% of the dry weight of the sludge, and the best dosage of shell powder was 24% of the dry weight of the sludge. Under the optimal dosage, changing the pH value could also cause changes in the water content and the specific resistance of the sludge. The optimal pH values of the shell powder solution and shell powder for sludge conditioning were 8-9 and 7, respectively.
The situation and typical model of mine environment restoration and treatment in Su Hu Area based on Remote Sensing Technology
Authors: Li Li , Haiqing Wang , Jie Wang , Yaqiu Yin , Xiaoyang Liu
Published: October 2020

With the increasing development and utilization of mines in China, the economic development is accompanied by the destruction of the geological environment of mines. The state vigorously promotes the construction of ecological civilization, and the restoration and treatment of mine environment has become increasingly important. Based on remote sensing technology and high-resolution remote sensing image, this paper investigates the situation of mine environment restoration and treatment in Su Hu area, and discusses typical cases of mine environment restoration and treatment, so as to provide reference for mine restoration and treatment.
Study on conceptual model of regional pollution meteorological conditions in Guanzhong Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Lu Cheng , Lin Hu , Shulan Hu , Qi Wang , Xia Zhang
Published: October 2020

This paper defined regional pollution day and regional heavy pollution day, calculated the atmospheric stability by Pasqual classification and the height of mixed layer by national standard method, established a conceptual model of meteorological conditions in Guanzhong Urban Agglomeration. The results show that：(1) The more possibility of the regional pollution and regional heavy pollution is, the lower the mixing layer height is. (2)The frequency of stability increased with degree of pollution, the frequency of regional heavy pollution stability reached nearly 60% as regional heavy pollution. (3)In heavily polluted area, the frequency of ground temperature inversion is nearly 90%, the average cumulative temperature inversion thickness is 260m at assurance rate of 80%, and the maximum temperature inversion strength is 10.8℃/100m. (4) Regional pollution is easy to occur when the frequency of quiet wind is higher than 50%. At the same time, it is easy to form wind convergence area in the hinterland of Guanzhong Area, which causes the accumulation of pollutants.
Biodiversity protection and ecological restoration of Guilin Karst quarry
Authors: Qin Ziliu , Chen Qiutong , Ji Xiang , Ming Shuang , Du Qin
Published: October 2020

The abandoned quarry as a witness left by industrial history has greatly damaged the mining area and the surrounding ecological environment, causing severe disturbances on the surface, soil erosion and biodiversity decline. Therefore, the ecological restoration of abandoned quarries has become an important focus of ecological restoration. This article summarizes the current situation and distribution characteristics of Guilin karst quarry, and analyses the current problems of ecological restoration in karst quarry. Accordingly, it is proposed that the ecological restoration of the Guilin Karst quarry should focus on the reconstruction of the mining area ecosystem and the protection of biodiversity, and accordingly proposed corresponding restoration proposals.
Effects of Tillage Methods and Vegetation Coverage on Reducing Runoff and Soil Erosion
Authors: Changchen Ma , Ran Wang , Qingyuan Li , Fangchun Lu
Published: October 2020

To study the characteristics of runoff and soil erosion of natural rainfall conditions, five standard runoff plots were set up in our experiment, and different tillage methods and vegetation coverage types were set up. The 58-month monthly precipitation data and 44-month runoff plot observation data from 2013 to 2017 were analysed. The results show that: 1) The monthly precipitation fluctuates significantly, ranging from 13mm to 683.5mm. The precipitation is unevenly distributed over the year. The largest average monthly precipitation is in June and the smallest is in January. Rainfall is mainly concentrated in the spring and summer. The precipitation from March to June accounts for 58.0% of the annual rainfall. 2) There is a positive correlation between runoff depth and precipitation in each runoff plot (R2= 0. 5101~0. 6676, Sig.<0.01); 3) There is also a positive correlation between soil loss and precipitation (R2=0. 424~0. 558, Sig.<0.01); 4) The amount of soil loss and the runoff depth increase with increasing rainfall. The runoff plot without any vegetation cover or farming measures increase the most. While the one with horizontal steps and shrubs, or a combination of arbor and grass increase the slowest, indicating that they have the best effect of reducing runoff and soil loss.
Mechanisms of electrokinetic technology to remediate different soils contaminated by cadmium
Authors: XIAO Huiping , LI Fangfang , ZHANG Fang , LONG Haoyu , LAN Ling
Published: October 2020

Five typical soils were selected as Cd-contaminated media in an electrokinetic remediation experiment, to reveal comprehensive relationships between soil physicochemical properties and electrokinetic remediation. Results showed that after 20 days of remediation, removal efficiencies of Cd from red soil, black soil, yellow brown soil, fluvo-aquic soil, and paddy soil were 80.8%, 79.3%, 78.2%, 62.7%, and 74.1%, respectively. Levels of soil pH, conductivity, cation exchange capacity in fluvo-aquic soil and paddy soil treatments were generally higher than the other three types of soils, which indicated some connections between Cd removal efficiencies and the above soil characteristics. Pearson correlation analysis showed that soil H+ concentration was significantly correlated with Cd concentration and soil cation exchange capacity, and the correlation coefficients were -0.462 and -0.457, respectively. It is confirmed that H+ concentration is one of the important factors affecting the electrokinetic remediation of soil polluted by Cd.
Multi-ETS carbon prices forecasting based on EMD-SVM model
Authors: Yang Xiaoli , Chai Shanglei , Chen Huizheng , Zhang Zixuan
Published: October 2020

With the widespread attention of governments around the world on climate issues, carbon pricing-related policies have been gradually adopted by countries to deal with climate change. Among these policy tools, the carbon emissions trading system (ETS) is the most widely used. Carbon price plays a crucial role in this trading system, not only determining the trading activity, but also affecting the market stability. Therefore, carbon price prediction is so significant that we are motivated to study it. However, carbon price presents complex nonlinear dynamic characteristics, which makes some existing methods inaccurate. To address it, this paper combines empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and support vector machine (SVM) to predict carbon prices. The original carbon prices are signal-decomposed by using EMD and the decomposed signal is predicted by using SVM. Based on the EMD-SVM model, this paper conducts empirical analysis on the carbon prices of multi-ETS, including European Union ETS and China ETS pilots. The results of analysis show that the EMD-SVM model has better overall forecasting ability, and carbon prices forecasting performance of China ETS pilots is better than that of the EU ETS, while the short-term forecasting results of the model show the opposite conclusion. The proposed EMD-SVM model is advisable in carbon prices forecasting for market participants and regulatory authorities of multi-ETS.
Phthalocyanine-sensitized hollow ZnO spheres as an efficient visiblie-light photocatalyst for water treatment
Authors: Liu Cong , Duan Qian
Published: October 2020

A novel phthalocyanine-sensitized hollow ZnO spheres as an efficient visiblie-light photocatalyst had been prepared successfully. Firstly, a unique hollow ZnO microsphere had been prepared by a facile solvothermal method followed by calcination. Secondly, zinc-tetracarboxyl-phthalocyanine (Pc) impregnated onto the surface of hollow ZnO microsphere. The obtained photocatalyst Pc/ZnO was characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS. The hollow Pc/ZnO hierarchical nanostructure improved the electron-hole separation more effectively and Pc loaded on the surface of ZnO microsphere to enhance photocatalytic activity under visible light. In our photocatalytic experiments, the hollow Pc/ZnO microsphere showed excellent photocatalytic performance under visible light for the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB). As a result, our work provided an effective and green photocatalyst for water treatment.
Technical Research on Remote Sensing Monitoring of Green Mine
Authors: Jinzhong Yang , Yuling Zhao , Weiling Yao
Published: October 2020

This paper proposed primary factors for preliminary screening of candidate mines and annual monitoring of green mines based on integrated analysis on green mine construction requirements, assessment indicators, etc.; introduced technical procedure, work content and work method of monitoring through example analysis, and preliminarily built a technology system for preliminary screening of candidate mines and annual monitoring of green mines.
Research on China’s Management Mechanism of Green Product Standardization - Based on Comparison of Chinese and Foreign Green Product Standards
Authors: Zhu Yi , Fu Yun , Lin Ling , Gao Dongfeng , Gao Yanxin , Zhao Wanying
Published: October 2020

Green products are medium and high-end products that conform to the construction of ecological civilization, and it is extremely necessary to promote the standardization of green products. Therefore, this paper makes a comparative study of Chinese and foreign green product assessment standards, studies the coordination and management mechanism of green product standard development and green product certification of China, analyzes the progress and problems of China’s green product assessment standardization, and thus puts forward relevant suggestions.
Study on Evaluation of Agricultural Irrigation Zoning and Optimal Utilization of Water Resources in Yantai City
Authors: Hou Hong , Qiao Youqian , Li Xiangran
Published: October 2020

Agricultural water is the largest water user in Yantai City, and its water consumption accounts for more than 2/3 of the total water consumption in Yantai City. The potential for agricultural water saving is huge, but the overall level of agricultural water efficiency in Yantai City is not very high, and the waste of water resources is serious. Efficient agricultural water use in Yantai is a key issue for achieving efficient and sustainable use of water resources in Yantai. Different regions in the study area have different social and economic developments, different industrial structures, and different natural climates, and their investments in agricultural water conservancy facilities are also different. In order to better study the agricultural efficient water use model in Yantai City. This article will divide the agricultural irrigation sub-area according to the actual situation of Yantai.
Water permeability prediction of sponge city pavement materials based on different machine learning algorithms
Authors: Xiong ZHANG , Xinyan LV , Tao JI , Chen ZHONG
Published: October 2020

Permeable pavement material is one of the most important supporting materials in the construction of sponge city, and its water permeability is the most important performance index. The water permeability test of permeable pavement materials is a tedious and complicated experimental work. It is of great research significance to predict the water permeability of permeable pavement materials through structural parameters modeling. In this paper, the database is first established by experimental means, and then the prediction models of LASSO (Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator), SVR (Support vector regression) and GBR (Gradient Boosting Regression) machine learning algorithms are established. Through the four factors of particle size, particle size distribution, shape parameters and binder content predict the water permeability of sponge city pavement materials. The results show that different machine learning algorithms have different sensitivity to the distribution of data samples. The fitting effect of GBR model water permeability prediction is better than that of SVR and LASSO models. The test value-predicted value MSE is 0.0051 and R2 is 0.92, which can effectively predict the water permeability of sponge city pavement materials.
Damage constitutive model of stratified cemented backfill based on coupling macroscopic and mesoscopic deformations
Authors: Tang Yanan , Song Weidong , Fu Jianxin
Published: October 2020

The mechanical properties and stress-strain relationship of cemented backfills with different stratified structure have a direct effect on the mining-filling cycle and the mining of adjacent pillars. To obtain the stress-strain evolution curves, the uniaxial compressive strength tests were performed on backfills with stratified numbers of 0, 1, 2 and 3. The deformation of stratified backfill under the compressive load is regarded as a compound of closed deformation of the macroscopic stratified structure and elastic deformation of material. The damage constitutive model of cemented backfills with different stratified structure are established by considering the influence of compacted section. Comparative analysis reveals that the calculated curve based on the established sectional damage constitutive model conforms well to the trial curve. The maximum closed strain of the structural plane has a more significant effect on the mechanical properties of backfill. In the Weibull distribution, with the increase of the parameter m, the peak strength of backfill gradually increases and then reaches to a certain value, and the stress-strain curve gradually becomes steeper, which shows that m is a reflection of the concentration level of micro-unit strength distribution in the backfill..
Study on the Method of Defining the Spatial Scope of Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Li Duo , Zhang Yan
Published: October 2020

This paper researches the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomerations, uses the gravitational model and the field strength model, based on the gross production of the city, the urban population, economic distance and commuting time four aspects index system, calculates the gravitational and field strength values of the core city of Changsha to the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomerations, and obtains theoretically spatial extent of the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomerations. The result shows that: the spatial extent of the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomerations the Government establishes is consistent with the spatial extent and theoretical calculations; while the 2.4 calculation result proves that the application of gravity model and field intensity model is feasible to define the spatial extent of urban agglomeration.
A Coordinated Assessment between Green Finance and Ecological Environment along the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Gan Yu , Bu Yichuan
Published: October 2020

Ecological environment is the basis for achieving sustainable development of an economy. As a financial innovation to support national economic development, green finance can rationally allocate and guide limited resources to the direction of environmental protection to the maximum extent. This paper introduces the coupled coordination model and takes the Yangtze River Basin as an example to measure the coupling relationship between green finance and ecological environment during 2003-2018. The main results show that: (1) The development level of green finance in the region is improving each year, but the overall foundation is still weak. (2) The level of the ecological environment has a stable and gradually improving trend. (3) The coupled coordination between the green financial system and eco-environmental system is gradually approaching the good coordination stage from the no coordinated stage. The coupling coordination index can reveal the overall characteristics of Yangtze River Basin and ensure regionally sustainable development.
Protection and Renewal of Traditional Villages in Jiangxi Province under the Background of Rural Revitalization—— Taking Futang Village as an Example
Authors: Li Liping , Hu Jinlong , Teng Yaobao
Published: October 2020

Traditional villages have condensed countless material and spiritual civilizations which have been created by Chinese working people to adapt to the living environment since ancient times. With the strategy of rural revitalization, the ancient traditional villages need urgent attention for rebirth. Via literature review and on-site inspection, this paper summarizes and analyses the general protection and renewal status of national traditional villages in Jiangxi Province, and takes Futang Village as an example for further explanation. Based on the general status, four suggestions are put forward to make sure that the Jiangxi’s traditional villages and cultures can get real protection and long-term development during the construction and revitalization.
Study on the effect of hydration on the shear strength of the interface between geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) and geomembrane
Authors: Li Xuan , Zhang Yue
Published: October 2020

Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) and geomembrane is a kind of geosynthetics, which are widely used in large-scale landfills, road engineering and anti-seepage engineering, but the theoretical research of the two lags behind practice. The key to the overall stability of the landfill is the strength of the GCL shear strength. GCL has two types of shear failure: one is the interface shear strength failure, and the other is the GCL internal failure. In the existing failure cases of GCL used on slopes, it has not been found that the damage of GCL occurred inside the GCL. The key to maintaining the overall stability of the landfill is to determine the interface frictional shear strength of GCL, that is, the shear strength of the interface between GCL and other geotextiles at a certain slope position becomes a key factor in stability design. In this paper, under different hydration conditions of GCL, the influence of hydration solution, normal stress under hydration and hydration time on the shear strength of the interface between GCL and geomembrane is discussed.
Spatial and temporal variability of air quality in Shanghai in 2015
Authors: Liu Li , He Lihuan , Bai Yu , Zhou Mi , Zhang Fengying , Wu Yirui , Gao Guowei , Yu Yang
Published: October 2020

In order to understand the temporal-spatial patterns of air pollutants in Shanghai, the concentrations of six air pollutants (SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, CO, O3) and air quality index (AQI) were analyzed. The results showed that, the percentage of excellent/good-AQI days was 70.7% during the whole year of 2015, and PM2.5, O3 and NO2 were the main air pollutants in Shanghai. Besides, the air quality in winter was most serious, followed by that in spring and autumn, and the air quality in summer was the best. From the perspective of spatial distribution, monitoring stations in YangpuSipiao and Putuo which were located in the urban area were affected by traditional industries and the air quality were poor, while those in Chuansha and Zhangjiang of Pudong which were located on the edge of the city showed relatively good air quality.
Zeta-regularization of arithmetic sequences
Authors: Allouche Jean-Paul
Published: October 2020

Is it possible to give a reasonable value to the infinite product 1 × 2 × 3 × · · · × n × · · · ? In other words, can we define some sort of convergence of the finite product 1 × 2 × 3 × · · · × n when n goes to infinity? One way is to relate this product to the R√iemann zeta function and to its analytic continuation. This approach leads to: 1 × 2 × 3 × · · · × n × · · · = 2π. More generally the “zeta-regularization” of an infinite product consists of introducing a related Dirichlet series and its analytic continuation at 0 (if it exists). We will survey some properties of this generalized product and allude to applications. Then we will give two families of possibly new examples: one unifies and generalizes known results for the zeta-regularization of the products of Fibonacci, balanced and Lucas-balanced numbers; the other studies the zeta-regularized products of values of classical arithmetic functions. Finally we ask for a possible zeta-regularity notion of complexity.
Disorder-enhanced luminescence kinetics in volcanic feldspars
Authors: Bringuier Eric
Published: October 2020

A granitic feldspar is well-ordered and has a stable thermoluminescence signal enabling its dating with high reliability. In contrast, a volcanic feldspar (sanidine) exhibits a slight cristallographic disorder and an anomalously fast fading of the thermoluminescence signal (Visocekas et al. 2014). It is shown here how disorder changes the decay of the signal and enhances the kinetics, while the increase in the microscopic complexity plays no role.
Classification of isentropic molecules in terms of Shannon entropy
Authors: Sabirov Denis , Koledina Kamila
Published: October 2020

Shannon entropy is widely used as a descriptor of molecular structure. Isentropicity of the molecules in terms of Shannon approach emerges in specific problems of physical and organic chemistry. In the present work, we consider the main classes of isentropic molecules, exemplify them, and provide their hierarchy.
Developing the NIS solid density hydrostatic weighing system up to 20 kg
Authors: Hamdy Mohamed , Bayoumi Mohamed A. , Abuelezz Ali E. , Eltawil Alaaeldin A.
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a developed design and construction to improve the performance and increasing the density measuring capability of the previous Hydrostatic Weighing Apparatus (HWA-NIS) at the National Institute of Standards (NIS) up to 20 kg. The previous (HWA-NIS) has been constructed up to 10 kg on 2014. The 2-Positions mass handler in the previous (HWA) was developed with 4-Positions pentagon shape to be able to make handling for individual masses in a group at once, when transferring the traceability from the primary standard “the Silicon Sphere” to the standard masses in the density scale weighing process. The weighing pan in the previous (HWA) was developed with four suspension wires with a diameter of 0.3 mm each, leads to reduce the surface tension affect on the measurement uncertainty by factor four times. The density of the standard masses in the range from 2 kg up to 20 kg were measured with an improved expanded uncertainty from 0.150 kg/m3to 0.078 kg/m3respectively due to reducing the effect of surface tension via the developed design of the weighing pan.
Launch of an Open Access peer-reviewed journal on the treatment of respiratory diseases with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine
Authors: Zhou Xianmei
Published: October 2020

We launch “Integrative Respiratory Medicine (IRM)” a new peer-reviewed Open Access journal treating the progress in diagnostic methods as well as comprehensive treatment of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on respiratory diseases. The editorial team believes that IRM will receive a wide readership and soon become a recognized source of innovative and exciting papers in the integrative respiratory medical disciplines.
Synthesis of the 26-Membered Core of Thiopeptide Natural Products by Scalable Thiazole-Forming Reactions of Cysteine Derivatives and Nitriles
Authors: Siegel Dionicio , Johnson Trevor C. , Christy Mitchell P.
Published: October 2020

The increased resistance of bacteria to clinical antibiotics is one of the major dilemmas facing human health and without solutions the problem will grow exponentially worse. Thiopeptide natural products have shown promising antibiotic activities and provide an opportunity for the development of a new class of antibiotics. Attempts to directly translate these compounds into human medicine have been limited due to poor physiochemical properties. The synthesis of the core structure of the 26-membered class of thiopeptide natural products is reported using chemistry that enables the synthesis of large quantities of synthetic intermediates and the common core structure. The use of cysteine/nitrile condensation reactions followed by oxidation to generate thiazoles has been key in enabling large academic scale reactions that in many instances avoided chromatography further aiding in accessing large amounts of key synthetic intermediates.
Graphical Presentations of Clinical Data in a Learning Electronic Medical Record
Authors: Calzoni Luca , Clermont Gilles , Cooper Gregory F. , Visweswaran Shyam , Hochheiser Harry
Published: October 2020

Background Complex electronic medical records (EMRs) presenting large amounts of data create risks of cognitive overload. We are designing a Learning EMR (LEMR) system that utilizes models of intensive care unit (ICU) physicians' data access patterns to identify and then highlight the most relevant data for each patient.

Objectives We used insights from literature and feedback from potential users to inform the design of an EMR display capable of highlighting relevant information.

Methods We used a review of relevant literature to guide the design of preliminary paper prototypes of the LEMR user interface. We observed five ICU physicians using their current EMR systems in preparation for morning rounds. Participants were interviewed and asked to explain their interactions and challenges with the EMR systems. Findings informed the revision of our prototypes. Finally, we conducted a focus group with five ICU physicians to elicit feedback on our designs and to generate ideas for our final prototypes using participatory design methods.

Results Participating physicians expressed support for the LEMR system. Identified design requirements included the display of data essential for every patient together with diagnosis-specific data and new or significantly changed information. Respondents expressed preferences for fishbones to organize labs, mouseovers to access additional details, and unobtrusive alerts minimizing color-coding. To address the concern about possible physician overreliance on highlighting, participants suggested that non-highlighted data should remain accessible. Study findings led to revised prototypes, which will inform the development of a functional user interface.

Conclusion In the feedback we received, physicians supported pursuing the concept of a LEMR system. By introducing novel ways to support physicians' cognitive abilities, such a system has the potential to enhance physician EMR use and lead to better patient outcomes. Future plans include laboratory studies of both the utility of the proposed designs on decision-making, and the possible impact of any automation bias.
Isolated Articular Fractures of the Canine Talus: Diagnosis and Signalment in Fourteen Dogs
Authors: Carbonell Buj Elena , Burton Neil , Mosley John R. , Meeson Richard L. , Major Alison , Whitelock Richard G. , Parsons Kevin , Langley-Hobbs Sorrel J.
Published: October 2020

Objective The aim of this retrospective multicentre case series was to describe signalment, presenting signs and imaging findings in dogs with isolated articular fractures of the talus.

Study Design Medical records (2008–2019) of dogs with isolated articular talar fractures were reviewed.

Results Fourteen dogs met the inclusion criteria; affected breeds were four German Pointer (three shorthair and one wirehaired), three Labrador Retrievers, two Rottweilers, two Springer Spaniels, one cross breed, one Greyhound and one Great Münsterländer. The age range was 1 to 8 years with a median of 4.7 years. Lameness was usually acute in onset and had been present for a range of 4 to 540 days prior to referral.

The most common fracture configuration involved the lateral trochlear ridge only (n = 9). Two of the fourteen fractures affected both trochlear ridges. Thirteen dogs were initially assessed radiographically with classic orthogonal views, but a fracture was only visible in five cases. The remainder were confirmed with further radiographic projections (n = 4) or computed tomography (n = 5). In one case, the lameness was located to the tarsus by scintigraphy.

Conclusion Isolated articular fracture of the talus is rare and may prove a diagnostic challenge due to the varied presentations and complex anatomy of the bone. Pathology of the talus may be suspected in any case of lameness localized to the tarsus and oblique/skyline radiographic views or advanced imaging should be performed if standard radiographic views are unremarkable.
Pain Management following Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Niedermeier Steven R. , Crouser Nisha , Hidden Krystin , Jain Sonu A.
Published: October 2020

Background Distal radius fractures (DRF) are commonly treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Few studies address perioperative and postoperative pain control for this procedure.

Questions/Purpose We attempt to demonstrate efficacy of pain management modalities during the perioperative and acute postoperative period after ORIF. Specifically, does the type of perioperative anesthesia used during fixation of DRF affect pain control postoperatively? Does the quantity of narcotic pain medication prescribed or type of pain medication given postoperatively affect pain management?

Methods We retrospectively reviewed 294 adult (≥18 years old) patients who underwent outpatient ORIF of acute DRF between December 2012 and December 2014. All procedures were performed with a standard volar plating technique through a flexor carpi radialis approach. Patient demographics, fracture laterality, severity of fracture, type of operative anesthesia, and details regarding postoperative oral pain medications were recorded. We reviewed the number and timing of patient phone calls regarding postoperative pain and refills of pain prescriptions.

Results Two-hundred ninety-four patients (average age 48.7 years) were included. One-hundred twenty-two injuries were right-sided (41.5%), 168 were left-sided (57.1%), and four were bilateral (1.4%). One-hundred fifty-one patients (51.4%) received regional anesthesia prior to surgery. Average number of narcotics tablets prescribed was 58. There were 66 patients who called the orthopaedic patient hotline regarding pain-control issues at a median of 7.0 days postoperatively. One-hundred twenty-nine (43.9%) patients required refills of narcotic pain medication postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the number of calls or refills given with regard to the type of anesthesia used or postoperative pain regimen prescribed.

Conclusions More than one-fifth of patients who underwent ORIF experienced pain severe enough to call our institution's orthopaedic hotline to ask for help at a median of 7 days after fixation.

Clinical Relevance Our study demonstrates poor pain control regardless of intraoperative anesthesia or utilization of varying postoperative pain regimens.
Epidemiology of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Patellar Luxation in Dogs from the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Rudd Garces Gabriela , Arizmendi Analía , Barrientos Laura S. , Crespi Julián A. , Morales Hernán , Peral García Pilar , Padula Gisel , Giovambattista Guillermo
Published: October 2020

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cranial cruciate ligament rupture and patellar luxation and the associated risk factors in dogs.

Materials and Methods A total of 13,072 clinical records of dogs were reviewed from School Hospital (Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata). Data of age, breed, sex, body weight, patellar luxation and cranial cruciate ligament rupture condition were registered. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the prevalence of cranial cruciate ligament rupture and patellar luxation with the variables and then univariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk of having cranial cruciate ligament rupture and patellar luxation. Multivariable logistic regression was used including all variables to assess the odds of having patellar luxation and cranial cruciate ligament rupture.

Results Of 13,072 patients treated, 72 and 51 had cranial cruciate ligament rupture and patellar luxation respectively. Sex was not a major risk factor for either condition. Adult (odds ratio [OR] = 8.2) and senior (OR = 4.3) patients had increased risk of having cranial cruciate ligament rupture, while for patellar luxation age was not a risk factor. Groups 2, 3 and 8 were more likely to have cranial cruciate ligament rupture (OR = 5.5, OR = 9.1 and OR = 2.6), and group 11 had lower risk of having patellar luxation (OR = 0.08). Maxi (OR = 2.4) and giant (OR = 6.0) breeds had higher risk of having cranial cruciate ligament rupture, and medium and maxi breeds had higher risk of patellar luxation (OR = 0.05 and OR = 0.3). Multivariate OR test confirmed that age (adult), body size (giant and maxi) and breed group (Group 3) were significantly associated with having cranial cruciate ligament rupture, and age was associated with having patellar luxation.

Clinical Significance This is the first epidemiological study of cranial cruciate ligament rupture and patellar luxation in dogs from School Hospital (Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata). Giant and large adult dogs from the Molossoid and Terrier breeds were more likely to have cranial cruciate ligament rupture, while mixed and large dog breeds showed the lowest risk of having patellar luxation.
Salter-Harris Type II Humeral Head Fracture with Kirschner Wire Fixation in a Goat
Authors: Walmsley Darby W. , Shaw Tania , Kudnig Simon T.
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to describe a case of a Salter-Harris type II fracture of the humeral head in a goat repaired with Kirshner wire fixation. A 3-year-old, 52 kg, male, non-domesticated goat was referred for evaluation. Approximately 11 days prior, the goat sustained suspected vehicular trauma, and was found on the side of the road with a non-weight bearing lameness of the right thoracic limb. Orthogonal radiographic assessment identified a Salter-Harris type II fracture of the humeral head with proximolateral displacement of the humerus. The fracture was repaired with multiple Kirschner wire fixation. Orthogonal radiographic assessment of the right humerus at 8 weeks postoperatively revealed implant quiescence with radiographic union of the fracture site. Long-term telephone follow-up at 3 and 6 months postoperatively found the patient was no longer restricted in activity, with free access to the field, and was not displaying an overt lameness. The authors describe a novel fracture configuration in the goat successfully repaired with multiple Kirschner wire fixation.
Effects of VEGF on Prefabricated Vascularized Bone Allografts in Rats
Authors: Tobiume Sachiko , Kaji Yoshio , Nakamura Osamu , Yamaguchi Konosuke , Oka Kunihiko , Yamamoto Tetsuji
Published: October 2020

Background Massive bone defects after wide resection of malignant bone tumors or a serious injury require treatment using vascularized bone grafts. Although cadaveric bone allografts combined with vascularized bone autografts are currently thought to be ideal in terms of size and durability, this treatment requires the scarification of healthy bone tissue. In a previous study, we attempted to improve this situation by prefabricating a vascularized bone allograft in recipient rats. In this study, we added vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-containing hydroxyapatite/collagen composite (HAp/Col) to a prefabricated vascularized bone allograft to stimulate angiogenesis, which is known to be important for bone formation.

Methods Sprague Dawley rats (n = 50) were used as donors and Wistar rats (n = 50) as recipients. All rats were 9 weeks old. The recipient rats were divided into five groups according to the use of vascular bundles, HAp/Col, and an additive substance (VEGF). The bone allografts collected from the donors were transplanted into the thigh region of the recipients, and a saphenous vein and 10 μg HAp/Col with VEGF were inserted into the bone allografts through the slit. After 4 weeks, the transplanted bone allografts were harvested, and histologic and genetic evaluations were performed in relation to bone formation and resorption.

Results The results showed that, compared with the control group, the implantation of the vascular bundles and VEGF-containing HAp/Col significantly stimulated angiogenesis and bone formation in the rats with the bone allografts. However, histological and genetic evaluations of bone resorption revealed that resorption was not observed in any group.

Conclusion These results suggest that VEGF-containing HAp/Col effectively stimulates angiogenesis and bone formation, but not bone resorption, in prefabricated vascularized bone allografts. This method could therefore become a useful tool for treating large bone defects.
Risk Factors for Neuropathic Pain Following Major Upper Extremity Amputation
Authors: Lans Jonathan , Hoftiezer Yannick , Lozano-Calderón Santiago A. , Heng Marilyn , Valerio Ian L. , Eberlin Kyle R.
Published: October 2020

Background Active treatment (targeted muscle reinnervation [TMR] or regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces [RPNIs]) of the amputated nerve ends has gained momentum to mitigate neuropathic pain following amputation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the predictors for the development of neuropathic pain after major upper extremity amputation.

Methods Retrospectively, 142 adult patients who underwent 148 amputations of the upper extremity between 2000 and 2019 were identified through medical chart review. All upper extremity amputations proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joints were included. Patients with a follow-up of less than 6 months and those who underwent TMR or RPNI at the time of amputation were excluded. Neuropathic pain was defined as phantom limb pain or a symptomatic neuroma reported in the medical charts at 6 months postoperatively. Most common indications for amputation were oncology (n = 53, 37%) and trauma (n = 45, 32%), with transhumeral amputations (n = 44, 30%) and shoulder amputations (n = 37, 25%) being the most prevalent.

Results Neuropathic pain occurred in 42% of patients, of which 48 (32%) had phantom limb pain, 8 (5.4%) had a symptomatic neuroma, and 6 (4.1%) had a combination of both. In multivariable analysis, traumatic amputations (odds ratio [OR]: 4.1, p = 0.015), transhumeral amputations (OR: 3.9, p = 0.024), and forequarter amputations (OR: 8.4, p = 0.003) were independently associated with the development of neuropathic pain.

Conclusion In patients with an upper extremity amputation proximal to the elbow or for trauma, there is an increased risk of developing neuropathic pain. In these patients, primary TMR/RPNI should be considered and this warrants a multidisciplinary approach involving general trauma surgeons, orthopaedic surgeons, plastic surgeons, and vascular surgeons.