bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maximizing Heterogeneous Processor Performance Under Power Constraints
Authors: Adileh Almutaz , Eyerman Stijn , Jaleel Aamer , Eeckhout Lieven
Published: September 2016

Heterogeneous processors (e.g., ARM’s big.LITTLE) improve performance in power-constrained environments by executing applications on the ‘little’ low-power core and move them to the ‘big’ high-performance core when there is available power budget. The total time spent on the big core depends on the rate at which the application dissipates the available power budget. When applications with different big-core power consumption characteristics concurrently execute on a heterogeneous processor, it is best to give a larger share of the power budget to applications that can run longer on the big core, and a smaller share to applications that run for a very short duration on the big core.

This article investigates mechanisms to manage the available power budget on power-constrained heterogeneous processors. We show that existing proposals that schedule applications onto a big core based on various performance metrics are not high performing, as these strategies do not optimize over an entire power period and are unaware of the applications’ power/performance characteristics. We use linear programming to design the DPDP power management technique, which guarantees optimal performance on heterogeneous processors. We mathematically derive a metric (Delta Performance by Delta Power) that takes into account the power/performance characteristics of each running application and allows our power-management technique to decide how best to distribute the available power budget among the co-running applications at minimal overhead. Our evaluations with a 4-core heterogeneous processor consisting of big.LITTLE pairs show that DPDP improves performance by 16% on average and up to 40% compared to a strategy that globally and greedily optimizes the power budget. We also show that DPDP outperforms existing heterogeneous scheduling policies that use performance metrics to decide how best to schedule applications on the big core.
Interconnection Networks in Petascale Computer Systems
Authors: Trobec Roman , Vasiljević Radivoje , Tomašević Milo , Milutinović Veljko , Beivide Ramon , Valero Mateo
Published: September 2016

This article provides background information about interconnection networks, an analysis of previous developments, and an overview of the state of the art. The main contribution of this article is to highlight the importance of the interpolation and extrapolation of technological changes and physical constraints in order to predict the optimum future interconnection network. The technological changes are related to three of the most important attributes of interconnection networks: topology, routing, and flow-control algorithms. On the other hand, the physical constraints, that is, port counts, number of communication nodes, and communication speed, determine the realistic properties of the network. We present the state-of-the-art technology for the most commonly used interconnection networks and some background related to often-used network topologies. The interconnection networks of the best-performing petascale parallel computers from past and present Top500 lists are analyzed. The lessons learned from this analysis indicate that computer networks need better performance in future exascale computers. Such an approach leads to the conclusion that a high-radix topology with optical connections for longer links is set to become the optimum interconnect for a number of relevant application domains.
Attestation in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Steiner Rodrigo Vieira , Lupu Emil
Published: September 2016

Attestation is a mechanism used by a trusted entity to validate the software integrity of an untrusted platform. Over the past few years, several attestation techniques have been proposed. While they all use variants of a challenge-response protocol, they make different assumptions about what an attacker can and cannot do. Thus, they propose intrinsically divergent validation approaches. We survey in this article the different approaches to attestation, focusing in particular on those aimed at Wireless Sensor Networks. We discuss the motivations, challenges, assumptions, and attacks of each approach. We then organise them into a taxonomy and discuss the state of the art, carefully analysing the advantages and disadvantages of each proposal. We also point towards the open research problems and give directions on how to address them.
Six Decades of Spiral Density Wave Theory
Authors: Shu Frank H.
Published: September 2016

The theory of spiral density waves had its origin approximately six decades ago in an attempt to reconcile the winding dilemma of material spiral arms in flattened disk galaxies. We begin with the earliest calculations of linear and nonlinear spiral density waves in disk galaxies, in which the hypothesis of quasi-stationary spiral structure (QSSS) plays a central role. The earliest success was the prediction of the nonlinear compression of the interstellar medium and its embedded magnetic field; the earliest failure, seemingly, was not detecting color gradients associated with the migration of OB stars whose formation is triggered downstream from the spiral shock front. We give the reasons for this apparent failure with an update on the current status of the problem of OB star formation, including its relationship to the feathering substructure of galactic spiral arms. Infrared images can show two-armed, grand design spirals, even when the optical and UV images show flocculent structures. We suggest how the nonlinear response of the interstellar gas, coupled with overlapping subharmonic resonances, might introduce chaotic behavior in the dynamics of the interstellar medium and Population I objects, even though the underlying forces to which they are subject are regular. We then move to a discussion of resonantly forced spiral density waves in a planetary ring and their relationship to the ideas of disk truncation, and the shepherding of narrow rings by satellites orbiting nearby. The back reaction of the rings on the satellites led to the prediction of planet migration in protoplanetary disks, which has had widespread application in the exploding data sets concerning hot Jupiters and extrasolar planetary systems. We then return to the issue of global normal modes in the stellar disk of spiral galaxies and its relationship to the QSSS hypothesis, where the central theoretical concepts involve waves with negative and positive surface densities of energy and angular momentum in the regions interior and exterior, respectively, to the corotation circle; the consequent transmission and overreflection of propagating spiral density waves incident on the corotation circle; and the role of feedback from the central regions.
Effect of High‐Intensity Training in Normobaric Hypoxia on Thoroughbred Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Nagahisa Hiroshi , Mukai Kazutaka , Ohmura Hajime , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Miyata Hirofumi
Published: September 2016

Hypoxic training is believed to increase endurance capacity in association with hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), a modulator of vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A), and to influence activation of satellite cells (SCs). However, the effect of hypoxic training on SC activation and its relation to angiogenesis has not been thoroughly investigated. Eight Thoroughbred horses were subjected to normoxic (FIO2 = 21%) or hypoxic (FIO2 = 15%) training for 3 days/week (100%  ) for 4 weeks. Incremental exercise tests (IET) were conducted on a treadmill under normoxia and the maximal oxygen consumption () and running distance were measured before and after each training session. Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from the gluteus medius muscle at 6 scheduled times before, during, and one week after IET for immunohistochemical analysis and real‐time RT‐PCR analysis. Running distance and , measured during IET, increased significantly after hypoxic training compared with normoxic training. Capillary density and mRNA expression related to SC activation (e.g., myogenin and hepatocyte growth factor) and angiogenesis (VEGF‐A) increased only after hypoxic training. These results suggest that increases in mRNA expression after training enhance and prolong SC activation and angiogenesis and that nitric oxide plays an important role in these hypoxia‐induced training effects.
Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Sugar Beet Pulp for Efficient Bioethanol Production
Authors: Berłowska Joanna , Pielech-Przybylska Katarzyna , Balcerek Maria , Dziekońska-Kubczak Urszula , Patelski Piotr , Dziugan Piotr , Kręgiel Dorota
Published: September 2016

Sugar beet pulp, a byproduct of sugar beet processing, can be used as a feedstock in second-generation ethanol production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pretreatment, of the dosage of cellulase and hemicellulase enzyme preparations used, and of aeration on the release of fermentable sugars and ethanol yield during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of sugar beet pulp-based worts. Pressure-thermal pretreatment was applied to sugar beet pulp suspended in 2% w/w sulphuric acid solution at a ratio providing 12% dry matter. Enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted using Viscozyme and Ultraflo Max (Novozymes) enzyme preparations (0.015–0.02 mL/g dry matter). Two yeast strains were used for fermentation: Ethanol Red (S. cerevisiae) (1 g/L) andPichia stipitis(0.5 g/L), applied sequentially. The results show that efficient simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of sugar beet pulp was achieved. A 6 h interval for enzymatic activation between the application of enzyme preparations and inoculation with Ethanol Red further improved the fermentation performance, with the highest ethanol concentration reaching26.9±1.2 g/L and86.5±2.1%fermentation efficiency relative to the theoretical yield.
On Faster Implicit Hybrid Kirk-Multistep Schemes for Contractive-Type Operators
Authors: Wahab O. T. , Rauf K.
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this paper is to prove strong convergence andT-stability results of some modified hybrid Kirk-Multistep iterations for contractive-type operator in normed linear spaces. Our results show through analytical and numerical approach that the modified hybrid schemes are better in terms of convergence rate than other hybrid Kirk-Multistep iterative schemes in the literature.
Altered Expressions of miR-1238-3p, miR-494, miR-6069, and miR-139-3p in the Formation of Chronic Brucellosis
Authors: Budak Ferah , Bal Salih Haldun , Tezcan Gulcin , Akalın Halis , Goral Guher , Oral Haluk Barbaros
Published: September 2016

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that is still endemic in developing countries. Despite early diagnosis and treatment of patients, chronic infections are seen in 10–30% of patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the immunological factors that play roles in the transition of brucellosis from acute infection into chronic infection. Here, more than 2000 miRNAs were screened in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with acute or chronic brucellosis and healthy controls by using miRNA array, and the results of the miRNA array were validated through qRT-PCR. Findings were evaluated using GeneSpring GX (Agilent) 13.0 software and KEGG pathway analysis. Four miRNAs were expressed in the chronic group but were not expressed in acute and control groups. Among these miRNAs, the expression level of miR-1238-3p was increased while miR-494, miR-6069, and miR-139-3p were decreased (p<0.05, fold change > 2). These miRNAs have the potential to be markers for chronic cases. The differentially expressed miRNAs and their predicted target genes involved in endocytosis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, MAPK signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and its chemokine signaling pathway indicate their potential roles in chronic brucellosis and its progression. It is the first study of miRNA expression analysis of human PBMC to clarify the mechanism of inveteracy in brucellosis.
Random-Access Technique for Self-Organization of 5G Millimeter-Wave Cellular Communications
Authors: Arana Jasper Meynard , Han Joo Pyo , Cho Yong Soo
Published: September 2016

The random-access (RA) technique is a key procedure in cellular networks and self-organizing networks (SONs), but the overall processing time of this technique in millimeter-wave (mm-wave) cellular systems with directional beams is very long because RA preambles (RAPs) should be transmitted in all directions of Tx and Rx beams. In this paper, two different types of preambles (RAP-1 and RAP-2) are proposed to reduce the processing time in the RA stage. After analyzing the correlation property, false-alarm probability, and detection probability of the proposed RAPs, we perform simulations to show that the RAP-2 is suitable for RA in mm-wave cellular systems with directional beams because of the smaller processing time and high detection probability in multiuser environments.
Dysphagia, Speech, Voice, and Trismus following Radiotherapy and/or Chemotherapy in Patients with Head and Neck Carcinoma: Review of the Literature
Authors: Heijnen B. J. , Speyer R. , Kertscher B. , Cordier R. , Koetsenruijter K. W. J. , Swan K. , Bogaardt H.
Published: September 2016

Introduction. Patients with head and neck cancer suffer from various impairments due to the primary illness, as well as secondary consequences of the oncological treatment. This systematic review describes the effects of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy on the functions of the upper aerodigestive tract in patients with head and neck cancer.Methods. A systematic literature search was performed by two independent reviewers using the electronic databases PubMed and Embase. All dates up to May 2016 were included.Results. Of the 947 abstracts, sixty articles met the inclusion criteria and described one or more aspects of the sequelae of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Forty studies described swallowing-related problems, 24 described voice-related problems, seven described trismus, and 25 studies described general quality of life. Only 14 articles reported that speech pathologists conducted the interventions, of which only six articles described in detail what the interventions involved.Conclusion. In general, voice quality improved following intervention, whereas quality of life, dysphagia, and oral intake deteriorated during and after treatment. However, as a consequence of the diversity in treatment protocols and patient characteristics, the conclusions of most studies cannot be easily generalised. Further research on the effects of oncological interventions on the upper aerodigestive tract is needed.
Management of Severe Rhabdomyolysis and Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia in a Female with Anorexia Nervosa and Excessive Compulsive Exercising
Authors: El Ghoch Marwan , Calugi Simona , Dalle Grave Riccardo
Published: September 2016

This case report describes the management of a 49-year-old female with restricting-type anorexia nervosa and excessive compulsive exercising associated with rhabdomyolysis, high levels of serum creatine kinase (CK) (3,238 U/L), and marked hyponatremia (Na+: 123 mEq/L) in the absence of purging behaviours or psychogenic polydipsia; it is the first case report to describe exercise-associated hyponatremia in a patient with anorexia nervosa. The patient, who presented with a body mass index (BMI) of 13.4 kg/m2, was successfully treated by means of an adapted inpatient version of an enhanced form of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT-E). Within a few days, careful water restriction, solute refeeding, and the specific cognitive behavioural strategies and procedures used to address the patient’s excessive compulsive exercising and undereating produced a marked reduction in CK levels, which normalised within one week. Exercise-associated hyponatremia also gradually improved, with serum sodium levels returning to normal within two weeks. The patient thereby avoided severe complications such as cerebral or pulmonary oedema or acute renal failure and was discharged after 20 weeks of treatment with a BMI of 19.0 kg/m2and improved eating disorder psychopathology.
A Low Noise, Low Power Phase-Locked Loop, Using Optimization Methods
Authors: Ghaderi Noushin , Erfani-jazi Hamid Reza , Mohseni-Mirabadi Mehdi
Published: September 2016

A divider-less, low power, and low jitter phase-locked loop (PLL) is presented in this paper. An extra simple open loop phase frequency detector (PFD) is proposed which reduces the power consumption and increases the overall speed. A novel bulk driven Wilson charge pump circuit, whose performance is enhanced by some optimization algorithms, is also introduced to get high output swing and high current matching. The designed PLL is utilized in a0.18 μmCMOS process with a 1.8 V power supply. It has a wide locking range frequency of 500 MHz to 5 GHz. In addition, through the use of a dead-zone-less PFD and a divider-less PLL, the overall jitter is decreased significantly.
Backside Wear Analysis of Retrieved Acetabular Liners with a Press-Fit Locking Mechanism in Comparison to Wear Simulation In Vitro
Authors: Puente Reyna Ana Laura , Jäger Marcus , Floerkemeier Thilo , Frecher Sven , Delank Karl-Stefan , Schilling Christoph , Grupp Thomas M.
Published: September 2016

Backside wear due to micromotion and poor conformity between the liner and its titanium alloy shell may contribute to the high rates of retroacetabular osteolysis and consequent aseptic loosening. The purpose of our study was to understand the wear process on the backside of polyethylene liners from two acetabular cup systems, whose locking mechanism is based on a press-fit cone in combination with a rough titanium conical inner surface on the fixation area. A direct comparison between in vitro wear simulator tests (equivalent to 3 years of use) and retrieved liners (average 13.1 months in situ) was done in order to evaluate the backside wear characteristics and behavior of these systems. Similar wear scores between in vitro tested and retrieved liners were observed. The results showed that this locking mechanism did not significantly produce wear marks at the backside of the polyethylene liners due to micromotion. In all the analyzed liners, the most common wear modes observed were small scratches at the cranial fixation zone directly below the rough titanium inner surface of the shell. It was concluded that most of the wear marks were produced during the insertion and removal of the liner, rather than during its time in situ.
New Proposal for MCML Based Three-Input Logic Implementation
Authors: Pandey Neeta , Gupta Kirti , Choudhary Bharat
Published: September 2016

This paper presents a new proposal for three-input logic function implementation in MOS current mode logic (MCML) style. The conventional realization of such logic employs three levels of stacked source-coupled transistor pairs. It puts restriction on minimum power supply requirement and results in increased static power. The new proposal presents a circuit element named as quad-tail cell which reduces number of stacked source-coupled transistor levels by two. A three-input exclusive-OR (XOR) gate, a vital element in digital system design, is chosen to elaborate the approach. Its behavior is analyzed and SPICE simulations using TSMC 180 nm CMOS technology parameters are included to support the theoretical concept. The performance of the proposed circuit is compared with its counterparts based on CMOS complementary pass transistor logic, conventional MCML, and cascading of existing two input tripple-tail XOR cells and applying triple-tail concept in conventional MCML topology. It is found that the proposed XOR gate performs best in terms of most of the performance parameters. The sensitivity of the proposed XOR gate towards process variation shows a variation of 1.54 between the best and worst case. As an extension, a realization of 4 : 1 multiplexer has also been included.
Oncocytoma of the Submandibular Gland: Diagnosis and Treatment Based on Clinicopathology
Authors: Chen Betty , Hentzelman Joshua I. , Walker Ronald J. , Lai Jin-Ping
Published: September 2016

Background. Submandibular oncocytomas are rare benign salivary gland neoplasms. They are typically found in Caucasian patients aged 50–70 years with no gender preference. Due to the overlapping histological and clinical features of head and neck tumors, they are often misdiagnosed.Methods. We report a case of unilateral submandibular gland oncocytoma in a 63-year-old Caucasian man.Results. The patient underwent unilateral submandibular gland resection and histopathologic analysis of the tumor specimen. On follow-up at 2 weeks and 1 year, no recurrence was identified.Conclusion. Submandibular oncocytomas are best diagnosed with preoperative FNA and CT imaging and have distinctive findings on cytology and histology. CT followed by fine-needle aspiration cytology would be the preferred diagnostic modalities. Due to its low rate of malignant transformation and recurrence, the best treatment is local resection with follow-up as necessary.
Compressive Sensing Based Sampling and Reconstruction for Wireless Sensor Array Network
Authors: Yin Ming , Yu Kai , Wang Zhi
Published: September 2016

For low-power wireless systems, transmission data volume is a key property, which influences the energy cost and time delay of transmission. In this paper, we introduce compressive sensing to propose a compressed sampling and collaborative reconstruction framework, which enables real-time direction of arrival estimation for wireless sensor array network. In sampling part, random compressed sampling and 1-bit sampling are utilized to reduce sample data volume while making little extra requirement for hardware. In reconstruction part, collaborative reconstruction method is proposed by exploiting similar sparsity structure of acoustic signal from nodes in the same array. Simulation results show that proposed framework can reach similar performances as conventional DoA methods while requiring less than 15% of transmission bandwidth. Also the proposed framework is compared with some data compression algorithms. While simulation results show framework’s superior performance, field experiment data from a prototype system is presented to validate the results.
Analyses of Total Alkaloid Extract ofCorydalis yanhusuoby Comprehensive RP × RP Liquid Chromatography with pH Difference
Authors: Wei Xiaodong , Shen Hongling , Wang Lijun , Meng Qingyan , Liu Wenjie
Published: September 2016

A comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) reverse phase (RP) liquid chromatography (LC) method is developed for alkaloid analysis. This offline comprehensive 2D method is developed using different pH values. With a pH value of 10.5, most alkaloids appear in the form of neutral molecules possessing high retention factors based on their polarity, while the alkaloid polarity order is changed when the pH value decreased to 3.0. The performance of pH modulated 2D LC is demonstrated with 8 alkaloid standards which resulted in orthogonal separation. The developed method is then applied to total alkaloid separation inCorydalis yanhusuo. The first-dimension separation is carried out using methanol and water containing 1.0% ammonium hydroxide and a strong base-resistant RP column, which afforded a peak capacity of 94. The second-dimension analysis is carried out with a surface positive charge column providing a peak capacity of 205 using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water with 0.15% formic acid. 2D analyses of total alkaloid extract fromC. yanhusuoafford a total peak capacity of 9090. Sixteen compounds were tentatively identified based on their ultraviolet spectrum and MS/MS analyses. The proposed method provides an alternative approach to achieve high peak capacity for analysis of alkaloid extract.
PPAR Agonists Promote the Differentiation of Porcine Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into the Adipogenic and Myogenic Lineages
Authors: Pérez-Serrano Rosa M. , González-Dávalos M. Laura , Lozano-Flores Carlos , Shimada Armando , Antaramian Anaid , Varela-Echavarría Alfredo , Mora Ofelia
Published: September 2016

Purpose: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of PPAR agonists on the differentiation and metabolic features of porcine mesenchymal stem cells induced to the adipogenic or myogenic lineages. Methods: Bone marrow MSCs from neonate pigs were isolated and identified by cell proliferation, cell surface markers or the gene expression of stem cells (CD44, CD90, CD105 or Oct4 and Nanog, respectively). Cells were differentiated into adipose or muscle cells and treated with the PPAR agonists; adipogenic and myogenic differentiation was promoted by adding these compounds. The expression of PPARγ (an adipose marker) and MyoD1 and MyHC (muscle markers), metabolic changes and expression levels of metabolic enzymes involved in glycolysis, lipogenesis, lipolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway were tested by qPCR. Results: MSCs from neonate pigs exhibited high proliferation and were positive for CD44, CD90 and CD105 markers and Oct4 and Nanog expression. The treatment that promoted the highest expression of PPARγ was 50 µM of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) c9 t11 (6.44 ± 0.69-fold, p ≤ 0.0001) in the adipose differentiation, and upregulation of HX2, ACCAα, ATGL, LPL and G6DP (p ≤ 0.0001) and downregulation of PFK and ACCAβ (p ≤ 0.0001) were found. For muscle differentiation, the best treatment was 50 µM of CLA c10 t12 (59.72 ± 4.72-fold, p ≤ 0.0001), and metabolic changes were upregulation of PFK, ACCAβ, G6DP, CPT1 and PPARβ/δ (p ≤ 0.0001), but no effect was observed with HX2 and ACCAα (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that differentiated cells exhibit a typical cell lineage metabolism and higher efficiencies both in anabolism and catabolism.
Attentional Bias for Emotional Stimuli in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kaiser Deborah , Jacob Gitta A. , Domes Gregor , Arntz Arnoud
Published: September 2016

Background: In borderline personality disorder (BPD), attentional bias (AB) to emotional stimuli may be a core component in disorder pathogenesis and maintenance. Sampling: 11 emotional Stroop task (EST) studies with 244 BPD patients, 255 nonpatients (NPs) and 95 clinical controls and 4 visual dot-probe task (VDPT) studies with 151 BPD patients or subjects with BPD features and 62 NPs were included. Methods: We conducted two separate meta-analyses for AB in BPD. One meta-analysis focused on the EST for generally negative and BPD-specific/personally relevant negative words. The other meta-analysis concentrated on the VDPT for negative and positive facial stimuli. Results: There is evidence for an AB towards generally negative emotional words compared to NPs (standardized mean difference, SMD = 0.311) and to other psychiatric disorders (SMD = 0.374) in the EST studies. Regarding BPD-specific/personally relevant negative words, BPD patients reveal an even stronger AB than NPs (SMD = 0.454). The VDPT studies indicate a tendency towards an AB to positive facial stimuli but not negative stimuli in BPD patients compared to NPs. Conclusions: The findings rather reflect an AB in BPD to generally negative and BPD-specific/personally relevant negative words rather than an AB in BPD towards facial stimuli, and/or a biased allocation of covert attentional resources to negative emotional stimuli in BPD and not a bias in focus of visual attention. Further research regarding the role of childhood traumatization and comorbid anxiety disorders may improve the understanding of these underlying processes.
Isolamento de micobactérias em Felis concolor em cativeiro
Authors: Traversa María Julia , Etchechoury Ignacio , Jorge María Cristina , Schettino Daniel Mateo , Bernadelli Amelia , Zumárraga Martín , Paolicchi Fernando , Cataldi Angel , Canal Sonia
Published: September 2016

Este trabalho foi realizado em uma reserva natural da Argentina com antecedentes de tuberculose em uma suçuarana adulta. O objetivo foi identificar por meio de técnicas bacteriológicas e de biologia molecular as espécies isoladas da orofaringe de cinco suçuaranas que apresentavam sinais clínicos inespecíficos. As amostras foram colhidas das suçuaranas após sedação. Posteriormente foram processadas para obtenção do isolamento e identificação por meio de provas bioquímicas do gênero Mycobacterium pela técnica de PCR. Investigou-se a presença das seqüências de inserção IS6110 e IS1081 e hsp65. Obtiveram-se resultados positivos à coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen de quatro amostras, isolando cinco cepas de crescimento lento. As cepas foram classificadas como M. gordonae em dois casos e M. simiae, M scrofulaceum e M. avium/intracellulare em um. Por PRA, identificou-se o padrão de M. gordonae em três cepas e M. avium III ou M. simiae em dois.
Influência da temperatura ambiente, do nível de energia da dieta e do sexo sobre características de desempenho e de carcaça de suínos
Authors: Fagundes Antonio Cesar Alves , Silva Roberto Gomes da , Gomes Jacinta Diva Ferrugem , Souza Luiz Waldemar de Oliveira , Fukushima Romualdo Shigueo
Published: September 2016

Suínos são sensíveis a altas temperaturas e os mecanismos de termorregulação representam custos energéticos direcionados à perda de calor corporal, reduzindo o bem-estar e o desempenho produtivo, e alterando a qualidade de carcaça. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do sexo e do nível energético da dieta em suínos em crescimento-terminação submetidos às variações sazonais de temperatura características de clima subtropical úmido e propor um modelo matemático que prediga o desempenho dos animais e características de carcaça. Vinte e oito leitões mestiços foram distribuídos aleatoriamente a 12 tratamentos em arranjo fatorial 2x2x3 (2 sexos, 2 condições ambientais e 3 níveis de energia na dieta). A condição de estresse calórico (câmara climática) apresentou temperaturas de 31 ºC às 7:00 e 22 ºC às 17:00 (com máxima de 33 ºC) e a condição de conforto térmico (galpão) apresentou temperaturas de 18 ºC às 7:00 e 24 ºC às 17:00 (com máxima de 27 ºC). Os animais foram alimentados ad libitum com dietas contendo 12,2 (baixo), 13,6 (médio) e 15,0 (alto) MJ EM/kg MS. O consumo voluntário de ração, ganho de peso diário e peso corporal final foram maiores (P<0,01) na condição de conforto térmico e sofreram influências do sexo (P<0,01) para os suínos em crescimento. A conversão alimentar decresceu conforme aumentou a energia da dieta (P<0,01), com valores de 2,67, 2,59 e 2,32 (para 12,2, 13,6 e 15,0 MJ EM / kg MS, respectivamente). Houve interação entre nível dietético de energia e sexo somente para ganho diário de peso. Para os suínos em terminação, também se observou efeito da condição ambiental (P<0,01) sobre o consumo voluntário de ração, ganho diário de peso e peso corporal final, com o desempenho dos animais sendo melhor na condição de conforto térmico. Os valores de conversão alimentar foram 3,55:1, 3,42:1 e 2,95:1 para níveis de energia baixo, médio e alto, respectivamente. Foram observadas interações entre nível de energia e sexo para as variáveis consumo de ração, ganho diário de peso e peso final (P<0,05). O rendimento e qualidade de carcaça foram afetados pelas condições ambientais e nível dietético de energia. Tanto o peso da carcaça quente, como da carcaça resfriada aumentaram com o aumento da energia na dieta. Após o resfriamento, o peso da carcaça aumentou em 1,142 kg/MJ EM, enquanto a espessura de toucinho esteve acima de 252 mm/MJ EM. A espessura do músculo longissimus thoracis foi 16 mm menor nos animais em estresse calórico, mas o conteúdo de carne magra foi 2,68% maior nestes animais. Equações de regressão para predição de valores de desempenho nas diversas situações estudadas foram propostas.
Indicadores anatômicos de dominância entre as artérias coronárias em caprinos
Authors: Pinto Neto João Leão , Leão Carlos Eduardo Silva , Vieira Tiago Henrique Marçal , Lopes Adalgizza Kelly Melo Silva , Vieira Saulo Rodrigues Conceição , Silva Nailton Cavalcante da , Wafae Gabriela Cavallini , Ruiz Cristiane Regina , Wafae Nader
Published: September 2016

O interesse crescente em se utilizar artérias coronárias de caprinos em experiências como uma etapa para sua aplicação em coronárias humanas justifica o conhecimento anatômico mais detalhado dessas artérias principalmente para se avaliar as semelhanças e as diferenças. Em corações humanos utilizando-se a crux cordis e a procedência do ramo interventricular posterior como referências consideram-se três tipos de padrões: dominância direita, balanceada e dominância esquerda. No entanto, não encontramos citações na literatura sobre os indicadores anatômicos de dominância coronária em caprinos. Material e método: Utilizamos 31 corações de caprinos de ambos os sexos, fixados em formalina a 10%. Os ramos das artérias coronárias eram dissecados com especial atenção para os níveis considerados como referências. O ramo presente no interior do sulco interventricular subsinuoso procedia do ramo circunflexo, ramo da artéria coronária esquerda. O ramo interventricular subsinuoso apresentou pelo menos um pequeno ramo que ultrapassava a crux cordis. A região do ápice apresentou predominância dos ramos da artéria coronária esquerda: interventricular paraconal e interventricular subsinuoso. A artéria coronária esquerda, através de seus ramos, também predominou no comprimento total e na emissão de ramos ventriculares inclusive para o ventrículo direito. Utilizando como referências os diversos critérios inclusive, os propostos por esta pesquisa, concluímos que em corações de caprinos o padrão arterial é dominância esquerda. A diversidade em relação ao padrão arterial entre caprinos e humanos requer que nas experiências efetuadas, em coronárias de caprinos, essa importante diferença seja observada.
Intoxicação por amônia em bovinos que receberam uréia extrusada ou granulada: alterações em alguns componentes bioquímicos do sangue
Authors: Antonelli Alexandre Coutinho , Torres Gabriel Adrian Sanches , Mori Clara Satsuki , Soares Pierre Castro , Maruta Celso Akio , Ortolani Enrico Lippi
Published: September 2016

Doze garrotes Girolando nunca alimentados com uréia foram distribuídos em dois grupos de seis animais cada, e induzidos a desenvolver um quadro de intoxicação por amônia através da administração de uréia extrusada ou granulada em dose única (0,5 g/ kg PV). Foram determinados no plasma ou soro os teores de amônia, glicose, L-lactato, uréia e creatinina, além do volume globular em sangue total nos seguintes momentos: antes da administração de uréia, no surgimento dos tremores, após o primeiro episódio convulsivo, e após 240 minutos do início do experimento. A hiperamoniemia ocorreu a partir dos primeiro tremores. Maiores glicemia e lactemia-L foram constatadas no momento do ápice da intoxicação (episódio convulsivo), os quais foram superiores ao tempo basal. A produção endógena de uréia aumentou no decorrer do experimento devido à hiperamoniemia (r = 0,57), atingindo seus valores mais altos ao término do experimento. Quanto maior foi o teor de amônia, maiores foram as concentrações de lactato-L, glicose, uréia, creatinina e volume globular. Estes resultados permitem concluir que o grau de hiperamoniemia aumentou a gliconeogênese, a glicólise anaeróbica, a síntese de uréia endógena e o grau de desidratação. Entre as variáveis estudadas os teores de glicose e de lactato-L foram os melhores indicadores para monitorar alterações bioquímicas na intoxicação pela amônia.
Correlação entre a densidade mineral óssea e níveis séricos de cálcio, fósforo e fosfatase alcalina total em gatos após tirotoxicose experimental
Authors: Costa Fabiano Séllos , Cardoso Mauro José Lahm , Muniz Lucy Marie Ribeiro , Vulcano Luiz Carlos , Santos Warley Gomes dos , Padovani Carlos Roberto
Published: September 2016

O hipertiroidismo é caracterizado por concentrações séricas excessivas dos hormônios tiroidianos, podendo causar efeitos sobre o tecido ósseo em humanos e animais. Para melhor caracterização dos efeitos da tirotoxicose no metabolismo ósseo, 16 gatos foram induzidos ao estado hipertiroideo. Os resultados demonstraram que, em alguns momentos experimentais, uma maior desmineralização óssea da extremidade distal do rádio promoveu elevação dos níveis séricos de fósforo e fosfatase alcalina total.
Alterações reprodutivas em ratos machos expostos perinatalmente aos frutos da Solanum lycocarpum
Authors: Schwarz Aline , Kempinas Wilma De Grava , Soares Milena Rodrigues , Bernardi Maria Martha , Spinosa Helenice De Souza
Published: September 2016

Ratas prenhes foram tratadas do dia 06 da gestação (GD 06) ao dia 07 pós-natal (PND 07) com frutos verdes secos e moídos da Solanum lycocarpum (10% na ração). Após nascimento das ninhadas, foi avaliado na prole masculina adulta aos 60 e 90 dias de vida, o número de espermátides e a produção espermática diária nos testículos e o tempo de trânsito espermático no epidídimo. A exposição não foi capaz de promover alterações na produção espermática diária (DSP) e no número de espermátides produzidas pelo testículo dos ratos expostos aos frutos verdes da S. lycocarpum durante a gestação e início da lactação. Não foram observadas alterações no tempo de trânsito espermático na cabeça do epidídimo, porém, foi constatado menor número de espermatozóides no corpo/cauda do epidídimo nos machos experimentais com 90 dias de vida, provavelmente resultante do menor tempo de trânsito espermático observado no corpo/cauda do epidídimo aos PND 90. Estes dados sugerem que a exposição de ratos aos frutos verdes da S. lycocarpum durante a gestação e início da lactação, não foi suficiente para promover alterações na produção mas sim no trânsito espermático, indicando possível alteração no eixo hormônio liberador das gonadotrofinas hipotálamo-hipófise-gônada
Prevalência de anticorpos anti - Toxoplasma gondii em avestruzes (Struthio camelus) de criatórios comerciais no estado de São Paulo
Authors: Contente Ana Paula Angelucci , Domingues Paulo Francisco , Silva Rodrigo Costa da
Published: September 2016

A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose cosmopolita causada pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii, podendo acometer mamíferos e aves. O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência do Toxoplasma gondii em avestruzes (Struthio camelus) de criatórios comerciais do estado de São Paulo, como forma de auxiliar no conhecimento do comportamento e importância do parasito nesta espécie animal. Foram colhidas 195 amostras de soro de avestruzes, provenientes de Sorocaba, Campinas, São Carlos, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Vale do Ribeira, Botucatu e São José do Rio Preto, estado de São Paulo. As amostras foram analisadas pela Técnica de Aglutinação Direta Modificada (MAT), para a pesquisa de anticorpos anti - Toxoplasma gondii. Os exames sorológicos revelaram 14,36% de animais sororreagentes ao T. gondii. A titulação mínima considerada foi a diluição maior ou igual a 1:16, e a maior diluição encontrada foi 1:16384. Não foi constatada diferença significativa entre os sexos. Apenas duas regiões (São Paulo e São José do Rio Preto) não apresentaram animais sororreagentes. Esses resultados salientam a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado sobre a infecção em avestruzes, e também sobre as práticas de manejo que venham a minimizar o risco de transmissão da toxoplasmose para essas aves e, por conseqüência, para o consumidor final.
Efeito do eCG ou benzoato de estradiol associado ao norgestomet na taxa de concepção de vacas de corte submetidas à IATF no pós-parto
Authors: Rossa Luis Augusto Ferreira , Bertan Claudia Maria , Almeida Alexandre Barreto de , Gaspar Pércio Dos Santos , Mazza Paulo Henrique , Binelli Mario , Baruselli Pietro Sampaio , Madureira Ed Hoffmann
Published: September 2016

Este estudo objetivou comparar as taxas de concepção, em vacas de corte no período pós-parto (PPP), tratadas com Gonadotrofina Coriônica Eqüina (eCG) ou Benzoato de Estradiol (BE), após o uso de Norgestomet submetidas à inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF). A hipótese é que a administração de eCG ou BE aumenta as taxas de concepção. Vacas Nelore (n=138) e Brangus (n=63), lactantes, entre 26 e 118 dias do PPP, foram divididas em três grupos homogêneos e dentro de cada grupo subdivididas em dois blocos, um com um PPP < 45 dias (PPP1; n=107) e outro >; 45 dias (PPP2; n=94). Todas as fêmeas receberam um implante auricular contendo 3mg de Norgestomet (Crestar®), seguido pela administração de 5mg de Valerato de Estradiol. Os implantes auriculares foram mantidos durante 10 dias. Na retirada dos implantes, as fêmeas receberam 1mL de solução fisiológica (n=68; Grupo Controle) ou 500UI de eCG (Folligon®; n=67; Grupo eCG) ou 1mg de Benzoato de Estradiol (Index; n=66; Grupo BE) 24 horas após a retirada do implante. A IATF foi realizada 54 horas após a retirada do implante. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado por ultra-sonografia 30 dias após a IATF. Houve interação entre os tratamentos e o PPP. No PPP1, a taxa de concepção foi maior no grupo eCG comparado ao BE (47,22% vs. 15,38%; P<0,01). No PPP2, as taxas de concepção dos grupos eCG e BE foram maiores que no grupo controle (41,93%, 44,44% vs. 22,22%; P<0,01). Conclui-se que vacas, com até 45 dias do PPP, o eCG associado ao Norgestomet aumenta as taxas de concepção.
Neurorrafia do ramo bucal dorsal do nervo facial em coelhos com proteção de segmento intestinal alógeno
Authors: Busnardo Camila Araújo , Eurides Duvaldo , Beletti Marcelo Emílio , Baungarten Letícia Binda , Guimarães Ednaldo Carvalho , Silva Frederico Ozanan Carneiro e , Alves Lorena Borges , Oliveira Benito Juarez Nunes Alves de , Souza Luis Augusto de , Silva Luiz Antônio Franco da , Daleck Carlos Roberto
Published: September 2016

Foram utilizados 18 coelhos, Nova Zelândia, machos, adultos, para avaliação clínica e histológica do reparo do ramo bucal dorsal do nervo facial, decorridos 15, 30 e 60 dias de pós-operatório (PO). Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos para secção e aproximação epineural do ramo bucal com fio náilon monofilamentoso 10-0. Nos animais do grupo I, o nervo foi revestido com proteção de segmento de jejuno alógeno conservado em glicerina a 98% e o grupo II apenas aplicação de sutura epineural. Nos coelhos dos dois grupos ocorreu retorno da movimentação do lábio superior a partir da oitava semana. Verificou-se infiltrados celulares e células gigantes com fibrose desorganizada e fibras colágenas do envoltório alógeno entremeadas ao tecido conjuntivo. Aos 15 e 30 dias de PO, os cotos distais de ambos os grupos encontravam-se com degeneração walleriana e aos 60 dias, com fibras regeneradas. A reparação do ramo bucal dorsal do nervo facial com o segmento intestinal não foi significativamente diferente nos coelhos do controle, quanto à avaliação de recuperação funcional e histológica.
Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos da infecção neurológica associada ao herpesvírus eqüino 1 (ehv-1) em cavalos que morreram com sinais nervosos no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Costa Érica Azevedo , Vasconcelos Anilton Cesar , Bomfim Maria Rosa Quaresma , Silva Marcos Xavier , Haddad João Paulo Amaral , Amorim Hábner Bastos , Lima Gabriella Breder Lara , Furtini Ronaldo , Resende Mauricio
Published: September 2016

Durante o período de Outubro de 2004 a Fevereiro de 2006, 75 amostras de sistema nervoso central (SNC) oriundas de eqüinos que morreram com sinais neurológicos no estado de Minas Gerais foram enviadas ao Laboratório de Virologia Comparada no ICB/UFMG para o diagnóstico de herpesvírus eqüino. Essas amostras foram previamente diagnosticadas negativas para o vírus da raiva através dos testes de imunofluorescência direta e inoculação em camundongos, no Laboratório de Saúde Animal (LSA) do Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária (IMA). Dentre as amostras analisadas, 39 (52%) foram positivas para o herpesvírus eqüino 1 (EHV-1) através da técnica de reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR). Na maioria dos casos, o exame histopatológico do SNC revelou uma discreta vasculite com infiltrado perivascular de células mononucleares, congestão, trombose arterial e degeneração do tecido nervoso central. As amostras de SNC positivas para o EHV-1 foram coletadas de eqüinos oriundos de 30 municípios de Minas Gerais. Os casos de EHV-1 ocorreram de forma isolada não apresentando caráter sazonal. Na maioria dos casos (71,8%), a evolução dos sinais clínicos foi aguda, sendo que os sinais clínicos observados com mais freqüência foram ataxia, instabilidade dos membros posteriores, paralisia dos membros posteriores e decúbito. De acordo com informações relatadas pelo IMA, as infecções causadas pelo EHV-1 foram tão freqüentes como as infecções causadas pelo vírus da raiva em eqüinos no estado de Minas Gerais durante o período estudado. Portanto, torna-se importante a inclusão da encefalite pelo EHV-1 no diagnóstico diferencial de outras doenças do SNC de eqüinos no estado de Minas Gerais.
Efeito de níveis crescentes de uréia na dieta de vacas leiteiras sobre a composição e rendimento de fabricação de queijos minas frescal
Authors: Aquino Adriana Augusto , Peixoto Junior Kleber Da Cunha , Gigante Mirna Lúcia , Rennó Francisco Palma , Silva Luis Felipe Prada e , Santos Marcos Veiga dos
Published: September 2016

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a substituição do farelo de soja por níveis crescentes de uréia na dieta de vacas leiteiras e os seus efeitos sobre a composição e o rendimento de fabricação de queijo Minas Frescal. Para a fabricação dos queijos, foram utilizados 15 kg de leite, provenientes de nove vacas Holandesas em lactação, distribuídas em três quadrados latinos 3x3. Foram utilizadas três dietas: A) controle, formulada para suprir 100% das exigências de proteína bruta, proteína degradável no rúmen (PDR) e proteína não degradável no rúmen (PNDR), utilizando farelo de soja como principal fonte protéica; B) com a inclusão de 0,75% de uréia, em substituição parcial ao farelo de soja, e C) com inclusão de 1,5% de uréia, em substituição parcial ao farelo de soja. Todas as dietas foram isoenergéticas (1,53 Mcal/kg de energia líquida de lactação) e isonitrogenadas (16% de PB) e utilizaram cana-de-açúcar como volumoso. Quando analisados por regressão polinomial simples, os resultados da composição e da fração nitrogenada do leite pasteurizado não foram influenciados pelo nível de uréia na dieta, o mesmo ocorrendo com a composição (pH, umidade, gordura, matéria mineral, cloreto de sódio, proteína bruta, nitrogênio solúvel em pH 4,6 e em TCA 12%) e o rendimento de fabricação dos queijos. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, concluise que o uso de até 1,5% de uréia na alimentação de vacas em lactação não alterou a composição do leite pasteurizado, bem como a composição e o rendimento de fabricação de queijo Minas Frescal.