bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing Indigenous primary health care research and education capacity: a qualitative study in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Fras Katrina , Bakunda Linda , Crowshoe Lynden , Roach Pamela
Published: September 2024

Background/Purpose 
The study explores the perspectives of family physicians in Alberta regarding Indigenous health research education within the framework of primary health care (PHC). Recognizing the key role of PHC in healthcare system, the research identified the preferences and needs of family physicians for relevant and accessible research skills education. To design effective research education, it is critical to understand the skills, content, and delivery methods desired by family physicians engaged in Indigenous health research. The Indigenous Primary Health Care and Policy Research (IPHCPR) Network is examined as a potential transformative platform aligned with Truth and Reconciliation Commission principles and Calls to Action. 
Methods 
Through purposive sampling, 12 family physicians practicing in Alberta were recruited to participate in semi-structured qualitative interviews . The study utilized a thematic content approach for data analysis. 
Results 
Four key themes emerged from the analysis: 1) Indigenous role modeling; 2) cohort-based learning; 3) relational learning; and 4) the epistemic importance of Indigenous perspectives on learning. Participants emphasized the need for mentorship, collaborative learning settings, and meaningful connections within a research network. 
Discussion 
The IPHCPR Network stands out as a pivotal platform for transformative change in healthcare research education, offering opportunities for family physicians, researchers, trainees, and communities to collaboratively improve Indigenous health outcomes. Through its inclusive practices, the network aligns with TRC principles to advance Indigenous health equity and addressing critical gaps in Indigenous primary health research and practice.
Violent Extremism: Work Stories of Women Police Officers in a Mobile Force Company in Eastern Philippines
Authors: Pensotes Jr Joseph Roque , Sabijon Dodelon F. , Pensotes Joseph
Published: September 2024

This study delved into the work experiences of women police officers assigned in mobile force companies in the entirety of Samar. Criticized for its underperforming economy due to insurgent threats, this district provided a backdrop for exploring the role of women police officers in counter-insurgency programs. The research employed a phenomenological, qualitative approach to uncover deeper insights.This study used phenomenological research design. Ten (10) women police officers from various areas in Samar, including Allen, Pambujan, Calbayog, Catbalogan, Dolores and Quinapondan were chosen as informants. These officers, with a minimum of two years of experience, were selected from the Samar provincial police records.Interviews were conducted and recorded using a smartphone application, ensuring detailed and accurate transcriptions. Most responses were in English, with a small portion in the local dialect, which was translated for clarity.The study identified nine emergent themes: Community Engagement and Trust, Negotiation and Conflict Resolution, Community Resilience and Peacebuilding, Mental Health and Resilience, Gender Dynamics and Cultural Sensitivity, Operational Challenges and Adaptation, Personal Growth, Professional Development and Strategic and Tactical Innovation and Women's Leadership and Empowerment . These themes highlighted the importance of of the role of women police officers between the police and community, acknowledged the risks in implementing counter-insurgency programs, and noted the challenges of funding and aligning with government initiatives. The officers expressed continuous effort and aspiration in their roles, emphasizing the need for recognition in the role of women police officers.
Impact of Access to Health Services on Early Detection of Cervical Cancer in Ecuadorian Women
Authors: Olaya-Vargas Allyson , Avellán-Cevallos Génesis , Puente-Terán Esteban , Guacho-Mullo Maribel
Published: September 2024

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide, primarily affecting those between the ages of 20 and 69, second only to breast cancer. According to the World Health Organization, over 90% of new cervical cancer cases occur in low- and middle-income countries. In Ecuador, approximately 1,600 new cases are diagnosed each year. Research has identified several factors that influence a woman’s decision to undergo Pap smears, including her knowledge of the disease, presence of gynecological symptoms, and age (especially among women in their 20s and beyond).This study seeks to understand the perceptions of Ecuadorian women regarding the barriers that limit their access to Pap smear screening. Using data from a nationally representative sample of women aged 10 to 49, drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT, 2018), we conducted descriptive statistical analyses to identify key trends. To ensure the reliability of our results, we tested for multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation. We then applied a binary logistic regression model and calculated Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. The study’s findings indicate that the main obstacles to Pap smear participation are embarrassment, lack of information, fear, distance from healthcare facilities, and financial limitations. Notably, the analysis revealed strong correlations between low income and low education levels with reduced screening adherence, while no significant barriers were found among women with higher education. Other factors, such as age, income, employment status, and education, also played a role in influencing screening behavior. By understanding the biopsychosocial characteristics of women, government initiatives can be tailored to improve Pap smear participation, promoting early detection of cervical cancer in a way that aligns with women’s needs and comfort. Expanding research in this area is critical to addressing sexual health issues and enhancing both family and societal well-being.
LEGAL CONTROVERSIES IN CROSS-BORDER SURROGACY: A CENTRAL EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE ON THE RECOGNITION OF LEGAL PARENTHOOD THROUGH SURROGACY ESTABLISHED ABROAD
Authors: Buchstätter Elmar
Published: September 2024

Background: This paper explores the legal field of surrogacy from a Central European
perspective, focusing on how countries such as Austria, Germany, and Switzerland address the
recognition of parental status established abroad. While the prevailing attitude among Central
European states is to prohibit surrogacy within their national laws, there is an increasing
tendency to bypass these bans by seeking surrogacy services abroad. This phenomenon, termed
reproductive tourism, raises complex legal questions about the recognition of foreign parental
status determinations.
Methods: The methods used include a comprehensive review of international and autonomous
national legal rules as well as a comparative analysis of case law from Central European courts
regarding cross-border surrogacy and parenthood recognition. The study examines legal
controversies employing Austrian family law as an example to assess highly topical issues
arising from surrogacy. It incorporates data from various legal sources, including the Austrian
Constitutional Court, the German Federal Court of Justice, the Swiss Federal Supreme Court,
and the European Court of Human Rights.
Results and conclusions: The findings reveal significant differences between Austria,
Germany, and Switzerland regarding the recognition of parental status established by way of
surrogacy abroad. While supreme court decisions in these countries tend to prioritise the best
interests of the child – often recognising foreign surrogacy arrangements to avoid leaving
children without legal parents – their judicial approaches differ considerably.
The Austrian Constitutional Court adopts a more inclusive approach by accepting foreign
determinations from any authority, such as birth certificates, under the concept of automatic
recognition. In contrast, the German and Swiss supreme courts acknowledge only formal court decisions. For cross-border surrogacy cases that do not fulfil this requirement, these countries
apply the national law of the child's habitual residence or, as a fallback, the law of the intended
parents’ country of origin. Since both German and Swiss law categorically forbid surrogacy, only
the genetic father is typically recognised, while the intended mother is directed to adoption.
This aligns with the opinion of the ECtHR, which still considers the method of establishing
parenthood to be within the sovereignty of a state. This article advocates for a balanced
approach that respects both the legal principles of national states and the fundamental rights
of children born through an arrangement with a surrogate mother in another country.
COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT IN THE DIGITAL AGE: THE CASE FOR REFORM TO KAZAKHSTAN’S COPYRIGHT LAWS
Authors: Aronov Ansagan
Published: September 2024

Background: The rapid digitalisation of copyrighted materials and the creation of new digital
products pose significant challenges to copyright law in the era of globalisation. Digitisation
has revolutionised access to information by converting it into a digital format, thus making it
easier for anyone who surfs the internet to reproduce and share data. However, new
technologies have also resulted in illegal activities such as online copyright infringement. That
being the case, the development of digital technologies requires new relevant approaches and
provisions from the national copyright law of Kazakhstan to handle copyright infringement
on the internet. It could be argued that the current legislation cannot handle legal issues
related to copyright, especially the responsibility of internet service providers (ISPs) for the
violation of the copyright. This article aims to identify shortcomings in the legal regulation of
ISPs in the Republic of Kazakhstan and to offer recommendations for improving legislation
in this area. The novelty of the paper lies in Kazakhstan’s legislation, lacking regulation on
the legal status of ISPs and their role in protecting copyright on the internet. By comparing
Kazakh legislative developments with practices in the US, UK, and Ukraine, the paper
provides insights into potential reforms for better handling digital copyright infringement.
Methods: This paper applies several research methods, including systemic, comparative legal,
and historical legal analysis. The primary focus is on examining the legislation and case law
of the US, UK and Ukraine regarding copyright issues to enhance Kazakhstan’s existing
legislative framework.
Results and conclusions: This article argues that national acts of Kazakhstan on copyright
were obsolete before the advancement of digital technologies and therefore, need to be updated
to keep pace with modern technologies.
The Influence of Multimedia Learning Media on the Development of Early Childhood Literacy
Authors: Rochmah Nur
Published: September 2024

Early childhood education is essential since this is a delicate time, sometimes called the golden age. It is crucial to promote development through literacy throughout this time. This project aims to provide multimedia-based literacy learning to improve child development. The research uses a pre-experimental design and a quantitative technique, utilising the one-group pretest-posttest method with evaluations for both the pretest and posttest in addition to observation. These evaluations yielded data, which were then subjected to descriptive analysis. The study, which involved 15 students from group A at Dharma Wanita Persatuan 1 Kucur Kindergarten, revealed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores at a significance level below 0.05. Children's conduct changed noticeably before and after participating in multimedia literacy instruction. Six kids showed reading comprehension at first, whereas nine did not. Three of the nine kids struggled with literacy after the intervention, while the other six made progress. This implies that the development of early childhood reading is positively impacted by multimedia learning.
Enhancing Staff Safety in Swallowing Assessment: Insights Post COVID Pandemic
Authors: Coutinho Jennifer , Warner Heather , Young Nwanmegha
Published: September 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic was a time of significant challenge in the healthcare industry. In particular, hospitals worked diligently to develop protocols and guidelines to reduce viral transmission to both patients and staff. Service delivery concerning the instrumental assessment of swallowing evaluation was particularly challenging during the pandemic given the high risk of viral transmission to clinical staff. Clinical algorithms were developed with the goal of implementing a measured return to service delivery while preserving the clinical workforce. The conceptual development and evolution of the algorithms are discussed to highlight knowledge gained from the COVID-19 pandemic with the objective of assisting other professionals who perform essential functions in ensuring their safety and mitigating virus transmission. Should another healthcare crisis arise, insights from this experience can inform other institutions who want to prioritize both preservation of workforce and delivery of evidence-based care.
Testing the Efficacy of Minocycline Treatment in an Awake, Female Rat Model of Repetitive Mild Head Injury
Authors: Hightower Rosemarie , Brengel Eric , Prom Sophia , Kulkarni Praveen , Ferris Craig F
Published: September 2024

Minocycline is being tested in clinical trials for the treatment of stroke and traumatic brain injury. As an antibiotic it reduces microglia activation. Can minocycline be used to treat mild repetitive head injury? To that end, minocycline was tested in a novel, closed-head, momentum exchange model of repetitive mild head injury in female rats impacted while fully awake. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed there was no brain damage or contusion attesting to the mild nature of the head impacts in this model. It was hypothesized that drug treatment would reduce edema and brain neuroinflammation. Female rats maintained on a reverse light-dark cycle were head impacted three times while fully awake with and without drug treatment. The impacts, separated by 24 hrs each, were delivered under red light illumination. Within 1-2 hrs of the last impact, rats were assessed for changes in water diffusion using diffusion weighted imaging. The data were registered to a 3D MRI rat atlas with 173 segmented brain areas providing site specific information on altered brain gray matter microarchitecture. Postmortem histology was performed 18 days post head injury. Head injury without minocycline treatment was characterized by multiple areas of increased fractional anisotropy, evidence of cytotoxic edema. Treatment with minocycline reversed these measures in many of the same areas and several others (e.g., hippocampus, basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex, sensory and motor cortices and thalamus). Histology for gliosis showed no evidence of neuroinflammation in the thalamus, hippocampus and cerebellum for control or experimental groups in this female model of mild head injury. These studies provide clear evidence that treatment with minocycline within hours after mild repetitive head injury significantly reduce measures of cytotoxic edema in a female rat model of mild repetitive head injury.
Acute Obstructive Hydrocephalus and Acute Cerebellar Ischemic Stroke as a Complication of Takayasu Arteritis in a Young Male Patient: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Hashim Muhammad , Khan Asif , Khadim Muhammad , Shah Sabir , Ahmad Awais , Shahzad Farhan
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Takayasu arteritis is a rare type of vasculitis associated with various neurological manifestations. Multiple components, including thrombosis, embolism, stenosis, and vascular inflammation, are involved in the underlying pathophysiology.

Case Presentation: A 21-year-old male patient presented with vomiting, difficulty speaking, disorientation, and seizures. On examination, pinpoint pupils and blood pressure discrepancies among four limbs were noted. Imaging findings supported the diagnosis of acute obstructive hydrocephalus, acute cerebellar infarction, and Takayasu arteritis. The patient was treated with IV antibiotics and steroids and underwent a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Case discussion: Takayasu arteritis with cerebellar ischemia and obstructive hydrocephalus is quite a rare case. It presents with headache, dizziness, disorientation, and rarely with stroke. The diagnostic process includes computed tomography angiography (CTA) and imaging of the brain. It is mostly treated with pharmacological therapy; however, in some cases, surgery is required.

Conclusion: This case highlights the rare but serious neurological adverse effects of Takayasu arteritis in young male patients, as well as the importance of interdisciplinary care. To prevent neurological degeneration, Takayasu arteritis patients must be identified and treated as soon as possible.
Choice of Empirical Treatment in Patients With Wound Infection
Authors: Duran Hülya , Ceken Nihan , Kula Atik Tuğba , Yeniiz Esma
Published: September 2024

Objective: We aimed to determine the distribution of infectious agents in wound culture specimens, their resistance rates, and to evaluate empirical treatment choices in wound infections.
Methods: Wound culture results of adult patients between 2016-2020 were retrospectively investigated. Determination of bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity tests were done using conventional methods and automatized systems.
Results: A total of 2576 wound specimens were sent, and significant bacterial growth was detected in 1254 (48.7%). Most frequently isolated agent was Escherichia coli (E.coli) (24.2%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) (16.8%). The highest rate of resistance in Enterobacterales species was against amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC), except Proteus mirabilis. Antibiotics that Enterobacterales species were most sensitive were amikacin and carbapenems, while it was trimethoprim – sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SXT) for Acinetobacter baumannii, and amikacin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The highest rate of resistance in S.aureus strains was against penicillin, with a methicillin resistance rate of 22.9%, while no resistance was found against vancomycin.
Conclusion: Initial treatment in wound infections is empirical, and the range of treatment is narrowed when results of culture and sensitivity tests are obtained. Clindamycin, AMC, TMP – SXT and ciprofloxacin seem to be appropriate for outpatients, while TMP-SXT or vancomycin for gram-positive cocci, and TMP-SXT and amikacin combination for gram – negatives, and carbapenems as a last resort.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Mental Health Problems Among Peripartum Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kumru Pınar , Hıdıroğlu Seyhan , Sarısaltık Alican , Çöğendez Ebru , Yılmazer Betül , Erol Hümeyra , Şalva Turhan , Ay Pınar
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of probable depression and probable anxiety in early postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with early postpartum women who applied to a maternity hospital to give birth in Turkey between March-June 2021. Women aged 19-45 years, with 23–42 weeks of gestation, with a singleton pregnancy, and negative for the SARSCoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test were included in the study. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess the presence of probable depression (HADS depression score >7) and probable anxiety (HADS anxiety score >10). The associations between women’s sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics and depression and anxiety were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results: A total of 450 women were included in the study. Of these, 50.2% (n=226) had probable depression, and 28% (n=126) had probable anxiety. Multivariate analysis revealed that while perceived poor income level increased the odds for the presence of probable depression, unintended pregnancy, anemia, and SARS-CoV2 infection during pregnancy were associated with probable anxiety.
Conclusion: The presence of probable depression and probable anxiety were considerably high among women who had given birth during the pandemic. This study identified the most vulnerable groups in terms of mental health problems among women who were in the early postpartum period during the pandemic. It is essential to develop strategies to prevent and control the mental health problems of these risk groups for future emergency health crises.
Study About the Stages of Recovery with Patients Hospitalized in Psychiatric Clinic According to Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors
Authors: Karakaş Mehmet , Gürhan Nermin , Arıkan Zehra , Koç Ayşegül , Ensari Hülya
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study aims to describe the stages of recovery and the effect of sociodemographic and clinical factors on the recovery stages of individuals with mental illness under inpatient treatment.
Methods: 171 patients who received inpatient treatment between April 2021 and June 2021 were taken to the study. Data were collected by using the Introductory Information Form and the Stages of Recovery Instrument from participants.
Results: According to the nurse, awareness was the highest level of the recovery stages and, according to the patient, growth was the highest level of the recovery stages. The average of the subscales of stages of recovery scale was found as 12.57±7.54 for moratorium, 19.26±5.84 for awareness, 19.22±6.40 for preparation, 19.52±7.03 for rebuilding and 20.03±7.73 for growth. Social support was found effective in all stages of recovery except moratorium stage; income level was found effective in preparation, rebuilding, and growth stages; diagnosis of the illness was found effective in the awareness stage; going to the Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) was found effective in preparation stage and child presence was found effective in rebuilding stage of recovery.
Conclusion: Our findings are important for identifying the effects of situations that can be changed by intervention, such as level of social support, income level, and going to CMHC, on improvement, and for drawing attention to actions that legislators should take regarding to collaboration between mental health professionals and institutions.
Investigation of the Effect of Mindfulness-Based Psychoeducation on Defense Mechanisms and Mindful Awareness in Nursing Students
Authors: Demir Gökmen Burcu , Fırat Meryem
Published: September 2024

Objective: Today, there is a growing interest in mindfulness-based therapies. Such practices can be beneficial by contributing to the personal and professional development of nursing students. In this study, the effect of mindfulness-based psychoeducation applied to Turkish nursing students on defense mechanisms and mindfulness was evaluated.
Methods: The research was designed as a quasi-experimental study with a control group. Psychoeducation was delivered online between 08.03.2021 and 17.05.2021 in 16 sessions over 8 weeks. Data were collected using the Defense Style Questionnaire and the Awareness Scale. Percentage distributions, t-test, chi-square test, and paired samples t-test were used to analyze the data.
Results: It was found that the students’ use of mature defenses and mindful awareness increased after the mindfulness-based psychoeducational, and the differences between the experimental-control groups and the mean scores of the pretest-posttest data were significant (p
Evaluating the Role of Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathway in Glioblastoma Treatment Efficacy: A Co-Culture Study
Authors: Güneş Zehra , Başkent Mehmet Furkan , Arslan Sema , Atasoy Beste , Köstek Osman , Şahin Ali , Karademir Yılmaz Betül
Published: September 2024

Objective: Glioblastoma (GB) is a highly lethal form of brain tumor. Although standard therapy appears to be effective, the survival time is quite short, and the recurrence rate is high. Bortezomib (BTZ), is a proteasome inhibitor, used in GB therapies and resulted in serious off-target effects. Carfilzomib (CFZ), is an alternative for BTZ, has known with nonserious off-target effects. This study aimed to examine the potential off-target effects caused by BTZ and CFZ in terms of the therapy related activation of antioxidant mechanisms regarding to Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf-2)/Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-dependent response.
Methods: GB cells were co-cultured with heathy astrocyte (HA) cells to mimic the tumor microenvironment in some extent. Cell viability was determined following ionizing radiation (IR), temozolomide (TMZ), BTZ and CFZ alone and in combination. Nrf-2 and HO-1 protein expressions were analyzed by western blotting assay.
Results: Co-culture results showed that the GB cells in the BTZ-treated groups expressed higher levels of Nrf-2 and HO-1 than in the CFZtreated groups. In the HAs, the group treated with CFZ showed higher Nrf-2 expression than the group treated with BTZ alone, while the same groups in combination with TMZ&IR showed exactly opposite results. HO-1 expression was also not seen in any of the HA groups.
Conclusion: The significant increase in Nrf-2 levels in the CFZ-treated group in the HAs could also be interpreted as CFZ promoting the defence of healthy cells against therapy-induced stress conditions. Although further studies are needed, these preliminary results show that the evaluation of CFZ as a second-line therapy could be a milestone for the treatment of GB.
Nursing Principles Practice Basic Competencies Scale – Turkish Adaptation Study
Authors: Uysal Nurcan , Türkmen Emine , Şahin Orak Nuray , Demirdağ Hatice
Published: September 2024

Objective: The main objectives of clinical education in nursing education are to develop the student’s competences in cognitive, affective and psychomotor areas. Reliable measurement tools are needed for the evaluation of these competences that begin to be gained with the first clinical practice. This methodological study investigated the cultural and Turkish validity of the Core Competence in Basic Nursing Practice Scale (CCFNPS) for undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A methodological research has been carried out on the cultural validation and adaptation of the scale. The construct’s validity was examined using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 466 students. The scale’s internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Test-retest reliability was assessed using a dependent sample t-test and intraclass correlation with a sample of 30 students. Results: The scale’s content validity index was 0.98. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed a five-factor structure similar to the original scale, the variance explained was 69.62%, but four items were removed from the scale due to low factor loading. Confirmatory factor analysis results (fit indices values) applied to the twenty – one items and five sub-dimensional structure were found to be acceptable. Scale Cronbach’s alpha values were above 0.70. Conclusion: The 21-item Turkish version of CCFNPS was found to be a valid and reliable scale for measuring the competencies acquired by students after their first clinical training.
The Effect of Using Virtual Reality Glasses on Pain During Fistula Cannulation in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Elmalı Şimşek Hülya , Aksoy Meyreme
Published: September 2024

Objective: Fistula cannulation is performed very frequently for hemodialysis patients. Cannulation carried out repeatedly causes significant pain. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of watching videos with virtual reality glasses on reducing the pain during fistula cannulation in hemodialysis patients.
Methods: The study was carried out with a total of 47 patients. The patients in the intervention group were shown a video for about five minutes during the procedure using virtual reality glasses as the intervention. The control group patients went through only the standard cannulation procedure.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the first pain measurement scores of the intervention and control groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean pain score of the patients in the intervention group. Also, when the first and second pain measurements were compared within the groups, the second measurement scores were statistically significantly lower than the first in the intervention group.
Conclusion: The study results revealed that virtual reality can reduce the pain experienced during fistula cannulation in hemodialysis patients.
The Mediating Role of Resilience in the Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Demographic Variables in Parents of Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Dönmez Hatice , Geçkil Emine , Pekcan Sevgi
Published: September 2024

Objective: In genetic diseases such as Cystic Fibrosis, parental self-efficacy is an important variable that increases the child’s compliance with treatment. The aim of this study is to determine the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between self-efficacy and demographic variables in parents of children with Cystic Fibrosis.
Methods: The participants of the research were 269 children with Cystic Fibrosis and their parents living in Turkey. Parents were reached via WhatsApp communication tools of the Cystic Fibrosis Association (KIFDER). The data of the research were gathered online between September 1 and December 20, 2020. Child with Cystic Fibrosis and Parent Identification Form, General Self-Efficacy Scale and Resilience Scale for Adults were used as data collection tools. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were utilized to analyze the data, while Hayes’ PROCESS was utilized to analyze the mediating role.
Results: Demographic variables that predict parents’ self-efficacy; It was determined as the number of children, maternal income level, gender and the need for information about Cystic Fibrosis. Parents’ mean self-efficacy score was 30.00±.62. Self-perception (β=.252,SE=.054,95%Cl [0.144-0.360],p
Machine learning models to predict 30-day mortality for critical patients with myocardial infarction: a retrospective analysis from MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Lin Xuping , Pan Xi , Yang Yanfang , Yang Wencheng , Wang Xiaomeng , Zou Kaiwei , Wang Yizhang , Xiu Jiaming , Yu Pei , Lu Jin , Zhao Yukun , Lu Haichuan
Published: September 2024

Background

The identification of efficient predictors for short-term mortality among patients with myocardial infarction (MI) in coronary care units (CCU) remains a challenge. This study seeks to investigate the potential of machine learning (ML) to improve risk prediction and develop a predictive model specifically tailored for 30-day mortality in critical MI patients.

Method

This study focused on MI patients extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV database. The patient cohort was randomly stratified into derivation (n = 1,389, 70%) and validation (n = 595, 30%) groups. Independent risk factors were identified through eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and random decision forest (RDF) methodologies. Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to construct predictive models. The discrimination, calibration and clinical utility were assessed utilizing metrics such as receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plot and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Result

A total of 1,984 patients were identified (mean [SD] age, 69.4 [13.0] years; 659 [33.2%] female). The predictive performance of the XGBoost and RDF-based models demonstrated similar efficacy. Subsequently, a 30-day mortality prediction algorithm was developed using the same selected variables, and a regression model was visually represented through a nomogram. In the validation group, the nomogram (Area Under the Curve [AUC]: 0.835, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: [0.774–0.897]) exhibited superior discriminative capability for 30-day mortality compared to the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score [AUC: 0.735, 95% CI: (0.662–0.809)]. The nomogram (Accuracy: 0.914) and the SOFA score (Accuracy: 0.913) demonstrated satisfactory calibration. DCA indicated that the nomogram outperformed the SOFA score, providing a net benefit in predicting mortality.

Conclusion

The ML-based predictive model demonstrated significant efficacy in forecasting 30-day mortality among MI patients admitted to the CCU. The prognostic factors identified were age, blood urea nitrogen, heart rate, pulse oximetry-derived oxygen saturation, bicarbonate, and metoprolol use. This model serves as a valuable decision-making tool for clinicians.
Eed-dependent histone modification orchestrates the iNKT cell developmental program alleviating liver injury
Authors: Guo Yun , Ohki Shun , Kawano Yohei , Kong Weng Sheng , Ohno Yoshinori , Honda Hiroaki , Kanno Masamoto , Yasuda Tomoharu
Published: September 2024

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is an evolutionarily conserved epigenetic modifier responsible for tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3). Previous studies have linked PRC2 to invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell development, but its physiological and precise role remained unclear. To address this, we conditionally deleted Eed, a core subunit of PRC2, in mouse T cells. The results showed that Eed-deficient mice exhibited a severe reduction in iNKT cell numbers, particularly NKT1 and NKT17 cells, while conventional T cells and NKT2 cells remained intact. Deletion of Eed disrupted iNKT cell differentiation, leading to increased cell death, which was accompanied by a severe reduction in H3K27me3 levels and abnormal expression of Zbtb16, Cdkn2a, and Cdkn1a. Interestingly, Eed-deficient mice were highly susceptible to acetaminophen-induced liver injury and inflammation in an iNKT cell-dependent manner, highlighting the critical role of Eed-mediated H3K27me3 marks in liver-resident iNKT cells. These findings provide further insight into the epigenetic orchestration of iNKT cell-specific transcriptional programs.
Serial evaluation of liver enzyme activities in dogs with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis administered per os fluconazole
Authors: Berlin Dena , Jaffey Jared A. , Bolch Charlotte , Zhou Tian , Rayhel Laura H. , Hanzlicek Andrew S.
Published: September 2024

Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis is a relatively common fungal disorder in dogs that have lived in or traveled to endemic regions and fluconazole is a common antifungal treatment. Liver enzymopathy can occur with fluconazole administration, but the frequency of occurrence nor potentially associative factors have been explored in dogs with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. Therefore, our objectives were to describe the occurrence and magnitude of liver enzyme activity (LEA) elevation in dogs with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis during treatment with per os fluconazole and identify variables associated with liver enzymopathy. This was a retrospective observational study that analyzed serum biochemical data obtained from a separate prospective study that included 32 client-owned dogs with newly diagnosed pulmonary coccidioidomycosis from October 2020 to February 2021. Per os fluconazole administration (median dosage: 16.2 mg/kg/day) was initiated after diagnosis and dogs were evaluated once every 3 months thereafter until remission or for a maximum of 12 months. Recorded biochemical parameters at each visit (including baseline) included alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Magnitude of increased LEA was based on the fold increase above the upper limit of the reference interval and defined as mild (<5×), moderate (5–10×) or severe (>10×). Forty-seven percent (15/32) of dogs were documented to have elevations in one or more LEAs after initiation of fluconazole administration during the study period. Thirty-four percent and 25% of dogs had elevated ALP and ALT activities, respectively, at some point during treatment. Elevations in AST and GGT activities were rare. The magnitude of LEA elevation was mild in all cases. Logistic regression models did not identify associations between age, weight, sex, neutered status, prednisone administration, fluconazole dose or duration of treatment with the occurrence of liver enzymopathy. Approximately half of dogs with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis are expected to develop mild increases in activities of ALP and/or ALT with rare involvement of AST or GGT at some point during treatment with fluconazole up to 12 months.
Decolonialidade e o conflito Israel X Palestina
Authors: Pordeus Marcel Pereira , Paulino dos Santos Kátia , De Sousa Caetano Wildeson
Published: September 2024

O conflito Israel x Palestina é explorado na mídia atual como uma consequência do ataque de 7 de outubro de 2023, excluindo a história e promovendo o discurso de “defesa” do lado israelense. O presente estudo visa explorar o impasse sob as lentes da decolonialidade, levando a compreensão de como essa abordagem pode contribuir para a criação medidas que colaborem com o tratamento do conflito.
Pensar Palestina, pensar Brasil: imperialismo, colonialismo e militarização
Authors: Araújo da Nóbrega Dias Kelvin , Reis Melo Filipe
Published: September 2024

Este artigo consiste num estudo de caso que analisa intersecções entre o contexto brasileiro e o palestino. O recorte temporal é de 2022-2023 a fim de cobrir acontecimentos recentes. Entre as principais conclusões, ressaltamos que o povo palestino e a população favelada do Rio de Janeiro vivenciam contextos semelhantes de ocupação, militarização e agressão policial, marcados pela impunidade e pela violência estatal.
Catástrofe, retorno e resistência na Palestina após 07/10/2023
Authors: Galvão Nina
Published: September 2024

O artigo propões uma reflexão sobre os acontecimentos de Outubro de 2023 em Palestina/Israel a partir da imagem do cartoon Handala. Assumindo tratar-se de um momento de inflexão na história do chamado “conflito”, não se almeja desvendar o contexto, a explicação ou as motivações da ação do Hamas, e sim olhar para o impacto que tal evento pode ter sobre o imaginário político palestino e a resistência anticolonial ao sionismo.
Gaza
Authors: Caramuru Teles Barbara , Manfrinato Helena
Published: September 2024

Este artigo busca, a partir de uma perspectiva antropológica e historiográfica, sob uma análise de longa duração, compreender como se consolidou e quais os desdobramentos do colonialismo na atual Palestina. Adotaremos uma metodologia que intersecciona etnografia e historiografia, e traremos uma visão a contrapelo, produzida por pessoas palestinas, a partir da mídia contrahegemônica.
“Haja paz sobre Israel”
Authors: Martins Ivan , Machado e Rocha Antônia Rozimar
Published: September 2024

Neste artigo, abordamos a ideologia religiosa evangélica de defesa do Estado de Israel, com foco no sionismo evangélico brasileiro esua influência na política. Para esta reflexão, utilizamos as pesquisas de opinião pública que foram realizadas e divulgadas no Brasil, entre outubro e novembro de 2023, imediatamente após mais um capítulo da guerra entre o Estado de Israel e os palestinos da Faixa de Gaza.
genocídio em Gaza e as novas configurações geopolíticas
Authors: Ahmad Borraschi Cheaito Karime , Mattar Nasser Reginaldo , Hartmann Arturo , Agostinelli dos Santos Isabela
Published: September 2024

À luz dos ataques do Hamas em 7 de outubro e as consequências das ações militares israelenses em Gaza, realizamos entrevistas com pesquisadores da área de Relações Internacionais e Oriente Médio, Ilan Pappé, Trita Parsi e Stephen Walt, sobre contexto histórico, conjuntura regional e internacional e cenários possíveis decorrentes da guerra. As entrevistas foram divididas em: conjuntura internacional; política regional do Oriente Médio; relações EUAIsrael; e desdobramentos internacionais.
Guerra Global ao Terror: o “urbicídio” no centro da aliança EUA-Israel
Authors: Huberman Bruno , Agostinelli dos Santos Isabela , Mattar Nasser Reginaldo
Published: September 2024

À luz da devastação israelense em Gaza em 2023-24, o artigo aborda as relações entre Estados Unidos e Israel, a fim de explorar o histórico e as bases de sustentação da relação especial estabelecida entre os países. Argumentamos que a destruição urbana, denominada "urbicídio", reflete a estratégia de contrainsurgência israelense exportada globalmente a partir da parceria EUA-Israel na Guerra ao Terror.
incursiòn que trastocó a medio oriente
Authors: Katz Claudio
Published: September 2024

El expansionismo sionista exige una limpieza étnica en el caso de Gaza. Esa política fue desafiada por un operativo espectacular, que demolió la imagen de Israel como potencia invulnerable. La derechización de ese país desestabiliza la contraofensiva imperial estadounidense. Hamas ejerce su legítimo derecho a la resistencia, frente a un Estado terrorista que actúa como agresor. La solidaridad internacional será efectiva si supera la ambigüedad de muchos pronunciamientos.
Além do testemunho: direito internacional, genocídio e colonização da Palestina
Authors: Crivelente Moara Assis
Published: September 2024

Este artigo parte das recentes iniciativas contra Israel na Corte Internacional de Justiça para discutir o papel do direito internacional e alguns dos fatores que impedem a realização de uma paz justa assente na realização do direito dos palestinos à autodeterminação. Numa perspectiva crítica marxista, o artigo argumenta que certas conquistas são insuficientes se limitadas a um caráter simbólico edevem ser concretizadas no plano político.
Sons da nação
Authors: Rebouças de Andrade Ian , Holanda Magalhães Diógenes Queiroz Thayná
Published: September 2024

A partir de sérias indagações propostas no livro “Quem Canta o Estado Nação?”, Spivak e Butler abordam a situação dos imigrantes, refugiados e dos chamados “sem-estado”, dialogando com outros pensadores, como Hannah Arendt ao falar sobre totalitarismo, Giorgio Aganbem ao explorar o conceito de homo sacer, dentre outros. Neste livro, as autoras ensaiam principalmente sobre os refugiados, ressaltando que a expulsão ou a destituição desses sujeitos entre os estados jurídicos, demonstra somente suas condições de trânsito entre fronteiras e não ainda de cidadania, pois sua recepção só é aceita mediante uma série de preenchimento, obrigações e prerrogativas jurídicas, para assim, serem então, considerados cidadãos.
Orbán, iliberalism and Democracy in Hungary
Authors: Gabbas Marco
Published: September 2024

The article presents a historical, political and ideological overview of Viktor Orbán’s rule in Hungary, which started in 2010 and which shows no signs of weakening. Specifically, the study seeks to ascertain the relations between Orbán’s ostensible ideology – illiberalism – liberalism, and  democracy. The article also explains how Orbán’s antimigrant measures are linked to the infringement of more general democratic guarantees.
China e países africanos:
Authors: Tojo Herilanto Rakotondrazaka
Published: September 2024

No cenário em constante mudança das relações internacionais, os crescentes vínculos diplomáticos e econômicos da China com a África vêm se tornando cruciais para a compreensão dos rumos da geopolítica global. Nas últimas duas décadas, grandes conquistas foram alcançadas em termos de confiança política, intercâmbios econômicos e comerciais, interações entre os povos e interações culturais. China's Relations with Africa: A New Era of Strategic Engagement examina profundamente as dinâmicas multifacetadas e a natureza em constante evolução dessa parceria. O livro escrito por David H. Shinn e Eisenman Joshua explora as dimensões estratégicas que dirigem as relações da China com a África, oferecendo insights valiosos esta complexa interação, ao examinar seus aspectos geopolíticos, securitários, ideológicos e tecnológicos. Assim, constitui indispensável leitura para a compreensão das dinâmicas que regem tais vínculos, que constituem um dos mais importantes capítulos das relações de cooperação sul-sul na atualidade.
Golpes em África:
Authors: Paulo Suma Nando , Gomes Caomique Policarpo
Published: September 2024

Este artigo se debruça sobre os recentes golpes de Estado na região do Sahel, utilizando dados e a literatura disponível, mapeamos e explicamos os contextos de suas ocorrências. Propomos transcender a interpretação dominante dos golpes de Estado, avaliando a possibilidade de eles constituírem um movimento em direção à desfrancização face à ingerência da França e à redemocratização, cerceando a personificação institucional do poder
Charter Cities and de-democratization in the neoliberal age
Authors: Caldas Lara
Published: September 2024

This paper analyzes how recent processes of de-democratization resonate, materialize, and sustain themselves in the urban context of Latin America, focusing on the phenomenon of Charter Cities. I argue that the city and city building play a central role in political struggles, and understanding disputed over the territory is central to grasping particularities of the crises of democracy in the South.
bolsonarismo e a indoutrinação paramilitar da juventude
Authors: Monte Marcelo José , Gentile Fabio
Published: September 2024

O presente estudo visa analisar a atuação do ex-presidente Jair Bolsonaro e sua postura de ameaça à democracia, ante a implantação de um modelo educacional militarizado para os jovens estudantes. Na abordagem, observou-se a trajetória do ex-presidente da República sob a perspectiva do bolsonarismo e de que forma se priorizou a implementação do Programa Nacional das Escolas Cívico-Militares no País.
crise das democracias e a imigração:
Authors: José da Silva Neto Antonio , Nascimento Fillipi , Martins Joyce
Published: September 2024

À guisa de ensaio, argumenta-se que o tratamento dado aos imigrantes se relaciona às atuais crises da democracia. Analisam-se as estratégias da Hungria na crise imigratória de 2015. O corpus abrange 20 artigos; 6 livros; 4 capítulos de livros e 2 dissertações. Evidencia-se a conexão entre o desprezo aos direitos humanos e o ataque aos imigrantes, oferecendo dados para que a relação entre políticas imigratórias e erosão democrática seja verificada.
Dependência e autonomia estratégicas na periferia
Authors: Matheus Oliveira Rodrigues Jorge , Penido Oliveira Ana Amélia , Luis Saint-Pierre Hector
Published: September 2024

Propõe-se discutir a dependência estratégica em países de periferia. A produção teórica privilegia transferências estrangeiras industriais/tecnológicas como fonte perpétua da dependência. Aqui, sustentados pela bibliografia, inverte-se a abordagem partindo do conceito de autonomia estratégica, pensada em termos de liberdade decisória, de ação política, e, fundamentalmente, de pensamento. Sem um pensamento estratégico autônomo, a autonomia de decisão política na área de defesa não passa de uma miragem para a periferia.
Editorial
Authors: Sousa Braga Maria do Socorro , Raulino Chaves Pessoa Júnior José
Published: September 2024

Editorial