bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON PAIN, QUALITY OF LIFE, AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors:   INTI International University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy program, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, Min Tan Xue , Purushothaman Vinosh Kumar ,   INTI International University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy program, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, Muniandy Yughdtheswari ,   INTI International University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Physiotherapy program, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Published: March 2021

Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of knee pain which contributes to adults’ disability. Females have an increased risk of knee osteoarthritis. However, little is known about the gender influence in pain perception, quality of life (QOL), and physical activity. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the influence of gender on pain perception, QOL, and physical activity in patients with knee osteoarthritis. A cross-sectional study design with a total of 186 patients(mean age of 56.64 ± 6.49) with knee osteoarthritis were recruited. Pain intensity, level of physical activity, and QOL of patients were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS), global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ), and Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Among the studied patients, 52% of patients with knee osteoarthritis had a relatively low level of physical activity with females representing the majority of them. Lower mean was observed in QOL and physical activity whereas pain intensity was higher in females compared to males (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation demonstrated a strong negative correlation between physical activity and pain (r = -0.77, n = 186, p <0.01), and a weak correlation exist between physical activity and all domains of QOL except for the functional capacity and body pain. Majority of female participants with knee osteoarthritis exhibit poor QOL, physical activity, and increased pain intensity as compared to males. Clinicians need to be aware of the influence of gender in treating patients with knee osteoarthritis.
FORMULATION OF STIRRED PROBIOTIC FRUIT YOGURT TO BOOST IMMUNITY
Authors:   Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The American College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, Jeyasekaran Poornima , Deepa M. ,   Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: March 2021

The food we eat plays a key aspect in determining our overall health and immunity. Improving our immunity during the Covid-19 pandemic is challenging for all age groups. So this study focused on formulating a ready to drink called probiotic fruit yogurt from less utilized passion fruits (Passiflora edulis), as a good option to build resilience in the body against infections and also to help the planters of Thandikudi hills, Tamil Nadu to promote their harvest into a valuable product. Passion fruits were procured and handled in a very hygienic manner. The formulation of stirred fruit yogurts was carried out in three different ratios (10%, 15%, and 20% pulp). These samples were standardized by sensory evaluation (9 points hedonic scale) and physicochemical parameters (pH). Fruit yogurt made from 20% passion fruit pulp scored the highest value in the mean score (8.5±0.17) for sensory evaluation except for texture. The pH value of the passion fruit yogurt was 3.5 found and it was more acidic compared to the plain yogurt value of 3.7 because of the addition of fruit pulp which was balanced by the addition of sugar/stevia. The acceptability of the stirred probiotic fruit yogurt with 20% pulp was mainly because of the flavoring compounds of the yellow passion fruit (P. edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg).
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN FISHES FROM THE NATURAL HABITAT, MADURAI REGION
Authors:   Fatima College, Mary Land, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, N Malathi , T Rino ,   Fatima College, Mary Land, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, J Jaya Supa Sooriya ,   Fatima College, Mary Land, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, M Shalini ,   Fatima College, Mary Land, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: March 2021

The heamatological profile of two freshwater fishes Labeo rohita (Rohu) and Channa striatus (Murrel) with a relationship to the sex and the water quality under natural habitat was analyzed. The freshwater fishes were collected from the pond located in Thodaneri, Vadipatti taluk, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, India. In heamatology studies, no significant variation was observed in Heamoglobin content and found almost the same in both the fish irrespective of the sex and also falls in the range of control value. In differential Leucocyte count (DLC) the following blood components Lymphocyte, Eosinophil, and Monocyte count were significantly higher than the control values and the values are found maximum in Rohu when compared to Murrel.RBC (Erythrocyte) count was almost the same in both the fish and the value falls between the range of control value Packed Cell Volume (PCV) count was almost the same in both the fish and the value falls between the range of control value. The values of Hb and PCV were found higher in male fish as compared to female fish. The leucocyte count is also higher in the males when compared to the females of both Rohu and Murrel. These may be also influenced by physiological activity, feeding habits, infectious agents, water quality parameters, and the environmental stress on the organism.
A NARRATIVE REVIEW ON MINDFULNESS PRACTICES IN OPTIMIZING PERFORMANCE AMONG SPORTS INDIVIDUALS
Authors:   Faculty of Health and Life sciences, INTI International University, 71800 Nilai, Malaysia, Ramalingam Vinodhkumar , Keng Cheong Soon ,   Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia, Lee Poh Foong ,   Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia.
Published: March 2021

Mindfulness practice has become an increasingly popular intervention in optimizing athletic performance in sports. Numerous studies have reported on applying mindfulness for improving the performance of various sports such as tennis, table tennis, shooting, cricket, archery, golf, running, hockey, swimming, and cycling. This narrative review addresses different existing mindfulness programs that enhance sports performance, the outcome measures of mindfulness therapy, and identifies the anxiety and depression that affect the performance of sports individuals. To cope with the issues, the efficacy of mindfulness in performance enhancement and future research directions on mindfulness needs attention.
Examining Some Cereals for Mass Production of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin Conidia by Solid State Fermentation
Authors: BARIŞ Cebrail , ER Mehmet Kubilay
Published: March 2021

This study was conducted to test five substrates (whole rice, broken rice, dovme, wheat and burghul) for the mass production of Beauveria bassiana isolate 5-4, known to be affective against stored-cereal pests. A solid-state fermentation technique was used, and amount of product, number of conidia, germination, hydrophobicity and thermotolerance of conidia, and their virulence on Rhyzopertha dominica adults were used to evaluate the success of substrates. For production, 100 g of a substrate was used in a polypropylene bag. After sterilization and inoculation, the bags were sealed and incubated for 14 days at 25ºC. Hydrophobicity was assessed using the aqueous-solvent partitioning method with PM buffer, and liquid paraffin as two phases. Thermotolerance tests were conducted by exposing conidia to 35, 40 and 45°C for 15, 30 and 60 minutes. In virulence test, adults were released into 40 gr wheat mixed with conidia and kept at 25oC and 65% relative humidity in darkness for 14 days. The highest amount of product was obtained by using whole rice (4.10g/bag), followed by broken rice, wheat, dövme and burghul. The highest number of conidia was achieved using broken rice (10.24x1010conidia/g) and whole rice (9.62x1010conidia/g). The germination rates of conidia did not vary significantly. Significantly higher hydrophobicity rate was obtained using wheat (88.73%). The conidia from burghul and wheat showed higher thermotolerance than those from other substrates. The conidia obtained from whole rice and broken rice caused 80.3% and 72.0% mortalities, respectively, significantly higher than the others. Rice was found to be a better choice for this isolate as the ultimate purpose is to suppress pest populations, with awareness of its shortcomings. It was found crucial to test all important characteristics of produced conidia together for assessment of substrates.
Additional Notes on the Genus Bledius Leach, 1819 (Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae) Fauna of Turkey
Authors: KACAR Enes Zafer , ÖRGEL Semih , ANLAŞ Sinan
Published: March 2021

In this study, total of 70 specimens of the genus Bledius Leach, 1819 (Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae) were collected from different regions of Turkey between 2006 and 2020. As a result of the study, 10 species were determined from the study areas in Turkey. Among them, Bledius (Astycops) opacus (Block, 1799), B. (Bargus) secessus Bondroit, 1912 and B. (Elbius) diota (Schiødte, 1866) are recorded for the first time from Turkey. In addition, B. (Astycops) subterraneus Erichson, 1839 from Aegean Region, B. (Hesperophilus) cribricollis Heer, 1839 from Eastern Black Sea Region, B. (Pucerus) verres Erichson, 1840 from Aegean Region and Southeastern Anatolia Region, B. (s.str.) spectabilis Kraatz, 1858 from Central Anatolian Region and B. (s.str.) unicornis (Germar, 1825) from Aegean Region are recorded for the first time.
Tarımsal Katma Değer Belirleyicilerinin Panel Veri Analizi
Authors: ERDİNÇ Zeynep , AYDINBAŞ Gökçen
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, seçilmiş 20 ülkenin Dünya Bankası ve Dünya Genelinde Yönetişim Göstergeleri sitelerinden elde edilen 2000-2018 dönemine ait yıllık verileriyle tarımsal katma değer ve belirleyicilerinin panel veri analiz yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmesidir. Analizde; sabit etkiler modeli, rassal (tesadüfi) etkiler modeli, genelleştirilmiş momentler yöntemi (GMM), sistem GMM ve robust (dirençli hata) tahmincileri ekonometrik modelleri kullanılmıştır. Panel veri yöntemi kapsamındaki analiz sonuçlarına göre bağımlı değişken olan tarımsal katma değer ile arasında pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki saptanan bağımsız değişkenler; kişi başına GSYH, brüt sabit sermaye oluşumu, tarımsal işgücü oranı (toplam işgücü %) ve kentleşme oranı (toplam nüfus %) olmuştur. Tarımsal katma değer ile arasında anlamlı fakat negatif yönde bir ilişki tespit edilen bağımsız değişken ise hukukun üstünlüğü endeksi olmuştur. Ayrıca tarımsal katma değer ile bağımsız değişkenlerden politik istikrar endeksi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanamamıştır.
The Role of 3D-Printed Phantoms and Devices for Organ-specified Appliances in Urology
Authors: Agung Natanael Parningotan , Nadhif Muhammad Hanif , Irdam Gampo Alam , Mochtar Chaidir Arif
Published: March 2021

Urology is one of the fields that are always at the frontline of bringing scientific advancements into clinical practice, including 3D printing (3DP). This study aims to discuss and presents the current role of 3D-printed phantoms and devices for organ-specified applications in urology. The discussion started with a literature search regarding the two mentioned topics within PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and EBSCOhost databases. 3D-printed urological organ phantoms are reported for providing residents new insight regarding anatomical characteristics of organs, either normal or diseased, in a tangible manner. Furthermore, 3D-printed organ phantoms also helped urologists to prepare a pre-surgical planning strategy with detailed anatomical models of the diseased organs. In some centers, 3DP technology also contributed to developing specified devices for disease management. To date, urologists have been benefitted by 3D-printed phantoms and devices in the education and disease management of organs of in the genitourinary system, including kidney, bladder, prostate, ureter, urethra, penis, and adrenal. It is safe to say that 3DP technology can bring remarkable changes to daily urological practices.
Age at menopause and the correlates of natural menopause among urban and rural women in the southern Nigeria
Authors: Ikeanyi Eugene M. , Ikobho Ebenezer H.
Published: March 2021

Background: Menopause, the point in a woman’s life when permanent cessation of cyclical menstruation occurs for a period of 12 months due to the loss of ovarian activity marking the end of reproductive lifespan and potential. Natural menopause is a physiological event, universal women phenomenon and irreversible part of the entire normal aging process. It brings the menopausal woman for preventive health care services due to its associated health implications. This study sought to investigate the age at menopause and its correlates in southern Nigerian women.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of datasets of women from two different communities attending annual religious conference was conducted using tested semi-structured researcher-administered questionnaire in 2019.Results: Data was analyzed on 152 participants from an urban and a rural communities. Mean chronological age was 58.8±8.8 years and parity was 6.4±2.2. Mean age at menopause was 50.0±4.6 years, median (IQR) 50.0 (47-53) and 49.2±4.7 versus 50.5±4.5 and median (IQR) 49.5 (46-51) and 50.5 (47-54) for urban and rural participants respectively.  1.3%, 9.2%, 69.7% and 19.7% were premature, early, normal and late onset menopause respectively. Risk of early onset menopause was insignificantly increased by higher education, social class, lower BMI and low parity. Forgetfulness (20.3%), irritability (19.5%), hot flushes (17.3%) and insomnia (16.5%) were the leading symptoms. Main complications were chronic hypertension 62 (40.8%), diabetes mellitus 12 (7.9%) and 4 (2.6%) recent fractures.Conclusions: Age at menopause was moderate, early menopause was rather high, programmed preventive healthcare services should address modifiable risk factors. Cancer screening services for late onset women is equally crucial.
Seminal fluid parameters of male partners of infertile couples seeking care at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Makwe Christian Chigozie , Ugwu Aloy Okechukwu , Ojewola Rufus Wale , Onyeze Chigozie Innocent
Published: March 2021

Background: Seminal fluid analysis is essential in the evaluation of the male partner of infertile couple. Available data suggest an increase in male-related factors among infertile couples seeking fertility treatment. Seminal fluid analysis performed using standardized methods can identify several causes of male-factor infertility. The latest World Health Organization (2010) guidelines for the laboratory examination and processing of human semen allows for standardization and identification of the possible causes of male-factor infertility. This study aimed to determine the pattern of seminal fluid analysis of male partners of infertile couple presenting to the fertility (gynaecological and urological) clinics of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH).Methods: This was a retrospective study of the semen parameters of male partners of infertile couple that were evaluated at LUTH, from January 2018 to December 2019. The medical records of all male partners of infertile couples who had seminal fluid analysis were reviewed and the relevant seminal fluid parameters were collected using a standardized questionnaire.Results: A total of 604 male partners of couples with infertility sought fertility treatment during the study period. Out of the 604, 502 (83.1%) of the participants had complete seminal fluid result and these data were included in final analysis. The mean (SD) age of subjects was 42.1 (7.7) years. About three-quarter (73.1%) of the subjects have abnormal semen parameters. The most frequent semen abnormality was asthenozoospermia (55.8%) followed by oligozoospermia (39.4%).Conclusions: Male factor is still common cause of infertility among infertile couple seeking treatment in our environment.
Uterotonic effect of rectal misoprostol as preoperative medication for assessment of intraoperative and postoperative blood loss in cesarean delivery
Authors: Karya Urmila , Maheshwari Shweta , Rani Anupam
Published: March 2021

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality and it's prevention has been identified as key component of safe motherhood. Misoprostol is an effective uterotonic for prophylaxis and control of PPH. Aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative rectal misoprostol (400μg) on blood loss during and after cesarean delivery.Methods: It was a randomised controlled trial done on 200 women scheduled for elective cesarean delivery. Eligible participants were randomized into two groups. In the study group 100 women received a preoperative 400 μg per rectal misoprostol tablet just after spinal anaesthesia while 100 women assigned to the control group did not receive misoprostol tablet.Results: The mean intra operative and postoperative blood loss was lower in study group than the control group 345.98±79.57 ml and 114±19.97 ml versus 408.6±63.68 ml and 136.38±24.81 ml, respectively. The difference between the preoperative and postoperative hematocrit values was also significantly lower in the study group than the control group (33.43±1.93 and 33.64±1.82)Conclusions: In our study it was concluded that preoperative 400 μg rectal misoprostol is effective in reducing intraoperative and postoperative blood loss, thus preventing postpartum hemorrhage and reducing incidence of overall maternal morbidity and mortality.
A novel tubal sterilization technique to prevent recanalization- a preliminary study
Authors: Ram Hemmanur Samartha , Samyuktha Illa Sai , V. Nagashree
Published: March 2021

Background: Spontaneous luminal recanalisation, and peritoneal fistula formation connecting the lumens of cut ends, are common causes for tubectomy failure. Failures rates are high with Pomeroy and Madlener methods. Uchida or Irvin techniques have lower failure rates. However, these techniques are not commonly practised because of technical complexity and long surgical time. We developed a novel surgical technique, which leaves the cut ends far away and peritonised.Methods: In our hospital, modified Pomeroy method, and Parkland method were used during 2000- 09, and our new method was used during 2010-19. In the new method, 0.5cm of the cut end of the tube was turned inside and tied to the stump in such a way that the stumps get peritonised. The failure rates were compared between the groups.Results: In the first group, 997 tubectomies were performed. Modified Pomeroy method was used in 360 women. Among them, one woman had a tubal ectopic pregnancy, and one woman had intrauterine pregnancy with a failure rate of 0.55%. Parkland method was used in 637 women. Among them, two women had tubal ectopic pregnancies with a failure rate of 0.31%. During the second 10 years, 637 tubectomies were performed using the new technique. None of the women had failure, with a failure rate of 0.0%. This difference is statistically significant with P<001.Conclusions: New tubectomy method is simple, and more effective in preventing recanalization than Modified Pomeroy and Parklands methods.
Study of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate as an extended postpartum contraceptive at SCB medical college and hospital, Cuttack
Authors: Samal Sagarika , Das Lucy
Published: March 2021

Background: Increase in contraceptive use during the postpartum period substantially reduces the rate of maternal and infant mortality by preventing unplanned and unwanted pregnancies. Injectable Medroxy Progesterone acetate (DMPA) is one long acting reversible safe and effective method for postpartm contraception. Aims and Objectives to study the acceptance, efficacy, side effects and compliance of DMPA as an extended postpartum contraceptive at SCB Medical College, Cuttack.Methods: The study includes 76 women between 6weeks to 1year postpartum who had chosen DMPA as contraceptive after counseling regarding the basket of choices. DMPA injection was given within 7 days of menstruation if it has returned or at any time after being confirmed that woman is not pregnant with a back up for first 7days. Subsequent injections were given at three monthly intervals and followed up for one year after the first injection for pregnancy rate, side-effects, discontinuation and patient satisfaction.Results: Maximum females were from the combined age groups 25-29 (39.47%) and 20-24 years (35.52%). 46.1% women belong to lower middle socioeconomic group. The most common menstrual problem was amenorrhea in 47.36% followed by scanty bleeding in 22.36%. 25% discontinued after 1st dose of injection, which is the maximum. The commonest reason for discontinuation observed was menstrual problems (37.93%) followed by use of other methods of contraception (17.24%). Out of 76, 23 women were not satisfied (30.26%), main reason of dissatisfaction being menstrual problems. Failure rate was nil.Conclusions: The study concludes that DMPA is a very effective, safe, and long acting contraceptive with no effect on lactation. Proper counseling can improve the acceptance and compliance.
Study of maternal and perinatal outcome of caesarean delivery in late first stage and second stage of labour
Authors: Bhatia Shweta , Revankar Vijaya M.
Published: March 2021

Background: Second-stage caesarean sections are known to be associated with increased maternal and perinatal complications as compared to late first stage caesarean sections. The objective of the study was to evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcome of caesarean deliveries in the late first stage and second stage of labour.Methods: The prospective observational study of caesarean deliveries done in the late first stage (~8 cm of cervical dilatation) and second stage of labour was conducted at Lady Goshen Hospital, Mangalore and Kasturba Medical College Attavar, Mangalore from August 2018 to June 2020. Comparison of maternal and perinatal outcomes were assessed in late first stage and second stages of caesarean delivery.Results: In the present study intraoperative complications such as extensions of uterine incisions, atonic PPH and bladder base injury and post-operative complications like need for blood transfusion, febrile morbidity and prolonged catheterisation were found more in second stage of labour. Perinatal complications such as hyperbilirubinemia and respiratory distress were found to be more in second stage of labour.Conclusions: As caesarean deliveries are increasing, it is better to make an institutional protocol regarding duration of second stage of labour, use of instrumental delivery to guide us about timely intervention (operative vaginal/caesarean) in advanced labour, thereby aiming to reduce the maternal and perinatal complications.
A comparative study of laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy versus total abdominal hysterectomy in benign gynaecological conditions
Authors: Sravanthi Pandala , Shivani D. , Gunturu Naga Jyothi
Published: March 2021

Background: Laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) has become an alternative to Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH) in cases difficult to manage via vaginal route. To compare the TAH and LAVH for benign uterine pathology.Methods: This prospective study conducted with the outcomes of Laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy with Total abdominal hysterectomy over a period of 2 years in 100 patients who are undergoing hysterectomies for benign uterine pathology. 50 underwent TAH and 50 underwent Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal hysterectomy.Results: The average duration of surgery in TAH group is 50 minutes and it is 75 minutes in LAVH group (P<0.05). In TAH group, blood loss was more (250-500ml) in 28% of patients, where as it was <250 ml in 92% of patients in LAVH group. Mean blood loss is 238 ml and 130 ml in TAH and LAVH group (P<0.01). Only 3 (6%) patients in LAVH group required blood transfusion (P>0.05). Recovery and return to work after discharge from hospital was early with LAVH group as early. Recovery and return to work after discharge from hospital was early with LAVH group as early as 2 weeks in 46% of patients. In TAH group, it was late by 4 weeks in 52% of patients and by 6 weeks in 10% of patients.Conclusions: Thus, it can be concluded that LAVH is safe with less blood loss, shorter duration of hospital stay, early recovery to work, and other intra-operative and post-operative complications.
Levels of interluekin-6 and its correlation with maternal outcome in patients of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Anand Ujjwala , Kumar Manish , B. Rashmi
Published: March 2021

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a glucose tolerance disorder that occurs or is diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy. Objective was to see the levels of interluekin-6 and its correlation with maternal outcome in patients of gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods: The source of data for the study is the antenatal patients attending the Outpatient Department or admitted in “Upper India Sugar Exchange Maternity Hospital”, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur. This study was a prospective study done on 120 patients.Results: Most patients in the study group belonged to the age group 20-24 years followed by age group 25-29 years. Level of interleukin-6 was significantly raised in gestational diabetes mellitus patients compared to non-gestational diabetes mellitus. 13.19% patients of GDM had PROM, which was only 6.5% in non GDM patients. 25.79% patients of GDM had preterm, which was only 12.8% in non GDM patients. 5.16% patients of GDM had polyhydramnios, which was only 2.64% in non GDM patients. 17.20% patients of GDM had IUGR, which was only 10.31% in non GDM patients.Conclusions: Gestational diabetes is associated with various maternal complications i.e. preeclampsia, preterm, PROM, IUGR, polyhydramnios, increased operative morbidity, development of type 2 DM.
Incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and it’s maternal-fetal outcome in admitted antenatal patients in tertiary care centre, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Singh Pooja , Khandasu Seema , Ratnani Rekha
Published: March 2021

Background: Pre-eclampsia refers to any new onset of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation in a previously normotensive, non proteinuric women. Hypertension is a very common medical complication of pregnancy. It is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Early detection, close surveillance and timely delivery are necessary to reduce complications and improvement in maternal and fetal health and outcome. To determine the incidence, risk factors and maternal and fetal outcomes in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in all pregnant women attending Obstetrics and Gynaecology department, Shanakaracharya Institute of Medical Science, Bhilai.Methods: This is a retrospective record-based observational study conducted over a period of one year from January 2020-December 2020 after getting approval from the institutional ethical committee. Patients diagnosed with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were evaluated and data was collected and analyzed.Results: Of the 1503 deliveries in the hospital during the period under review, 131(8.7%) were managed for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia was the commonest type of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (69.3%) with the majority presenting with severe disease. Women of all age group were affected with highest incidence among 21-30years of age (69.4%). The incidence was maximum among primigravida (67.2%) compared to multipara 100 (32.8%). Intra uterine deaths were recorded among 12.2%, while a major share of fetus (41.2%) were diagnosed to have intrauterine growth retardation. Most common maternal complication in our study was abruption (7.6%), followed by HELLP (2.2%). Two maternal deaths were recorded, giving a case fatality rate of 1.5%.Conclusions: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Regular antenatal follow up will help in early diagnosis and timely intervention of the cases. Also, special consideration and close surveillance of those women with early-onset disease is important. There is need for strengthening of communication and referral systems in the healthcare.
Assessment of obstetric and gynaecological problems in females with bleeding disorders
Authors: Panchbudhe Shruti Ashok , Desai Ashwini Sudhir
Published: March 2021

Background: Inherited bleeding disorders are not common but they are lifelong. Their effects on women are far greater than previously realised. Many clinicians are not familiar with these disorders but may encounter such women under acute conditions. Objectives were to study various obstetric and gynaecological problems in females with bleeding disorders and to assess the type of management given for these disorders.Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at a tertiary care hospital in which 30 women of known bleeding disorder were studied and various obstetric and gynaecological problems including menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea, mid-cycle pain, conception, haemorrhagic ovarian cyst, etc. were identified and studied in them.Results: 30 patients of known bleeding disorder who were found to have obstetric and gynaecological problem were studied. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura constituted the major bleeding disorder (23%), followed by von Willebrand’s disease (17%) in our study. 21 patients had gynaecological problem and the most common gynaecological problem was menorrhagia (62%), followed by hemoperitoneum (10%), mid cycle pain (10%), persistent haemorrhagic cyst (7%), dysmenorrhea (7%) and endometriosis (4%). 20 patients had obstetric problems of which postpartum haemorrhage (59%) was a major problem followed by recurrent pregnancy loss (33%) and infertility (8%). The study concluded that both obstetric and gynaecological problems are common in patients of bleeding disorders and occur in distribution 66.66% and 70% respectively.Conclusions: The study conducted shows that obstetric and gynaecological problems are very common in patients of bleeding disorders and thus optimal management of these problems requires a   multidisciplinary team of approach.
A study on knowledge, attitude and practices regarding antenatal care among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kaur Rajvir , Taneja Poonam , Nandal Isha
Published: March 2021

Background: The maternal health level of Indian women was noticed to be inferior as compared to other developed countries. Antenatal care is the clinical assessment of both mother and foetus, during the period of pregnancy. Safe motherhood by providing good antenatal care (ANC) is very crucial to reduce maternal mortality ratio and infant mortality rate and to achieve millennium development goals. The objectives of this study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice on ANC among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic and their association with several sociodemographic factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 200 pregnant women in their 3rd trimester attending the OPD in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Gurugram, Haryana. Predesigned questionnaire was used for collecting data by interview after obtaining informed consent.Results: This study revealed that about 55% women had adequate knowledge regarding ANC. It was found that almost all the variables such as age, parity, level of education, occupation and type of family had a significant association with awareness about ANC. 90% women were having a positive attitude towards ANC. Around 70%, women were practicing this adequately.Conclusions: These results can be used to design a Health Intervention Program targeting to upgrade the maternal health practices and ultimately progress the health status of the women.
Carcinoid tumor and papillary thyroid carcinoma arising from ovarian mature cystic teratoma: two cases of an extraordinary malignant transformation
Authors: Billod Jimmy A. , Saure Joella G. , Natavio Katrina Mae A.
Published: March 2021

The most common malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary (MCTO) is squamous cell carcinoma, whereas, carcinoid tumor and papillary thyroid carcinoma are extremely extraordinary. This paper presents two rare cases of malignant transformation from MCTO. First, in a 33 year old, nulligravid, who underwent oophorocystectomy for a dermoid cyst. Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical studies revealed a carcinoid tumor arising from a mature cystic teratoma. Second, in a 52 year old who underwent, total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for an ovarian new growth, with a final histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis showed follicular variant of papillary carcinoma arising from mature cystic teratoma. Preoperative diagnosis of MCTO can be made through physical examination and imaging however not the concealed malignancy. Thorough extensive sampling and histopathologic examination of a dermoid cyst is necessary to detect malignant transformation. The optimal management of the disease is uncertain because of its rarity, but complete excision of tumor renders excellent prognosis.
Persistent genital arousal disorder: always look beyond the surface - a case report
Authors: Sarabando Rita , Sousa Natacha , Borges Ana C. , Nogueira-Silva Cristina
Published: March 2021

Persistent genital arousal disorder is a rare condition characterized by unwanted intrusive symptoms of sexual arousal without specific context. Their possible aetiologies and treatments are multiple and mostly based on case reports. We aim to do a comprehensive review of persistent genital arousal disorder and describe a case of a postmenopausal woman who developed this disease and, during the follow-up, was diagnosed with advanced endometrial cancer, reminding physicians to keep in mind the possibility of multiple diagnosis in the same patient, including malignancy. Although there is no description of this association in the literature, the possible aetiologies of persistent genital arousal disorder are diverse, and we sought this rare case should be disclosed.
Unusual case of tubercular peritonitis
Authors: Devi L. Thulasi , R. S. Athul
Published: March 2021

An interesting case of Pelvic Tubercular Peritonitis, post MTP and IUCD insertion presenting as Severe Sepsis. Managed aggressively with Fluid, supportive measures and complete course of ATT. Case is being reported as an unusual complication post MTP and incidental reports in literature of spread of Pelvic Peritonitis in preexisting Genital Tuberculosis by haematogenous spread.
Isthmocele, an underecognised cause of secondary infertility and pregnancy outcome after endoscopic repair: a case report
Authors: Dawar Aradhana K. , Nadkarni Akshay K. , Sethi Tuleeka
Published: March 2021

Isthmocele is a niche at the area of previous cesarean scar. 38 year old lady presented with secondary infertility and decreased ovarian reserve for IVF with previous caesarean 8 years back. Isthmocele confirmed on 3D USG. Hysteroscopic guided laparoscopic repair done after initial failed ET without surgery. Postsurgical observations were increased myometrial thickness, improvement of abnormal bleeding, pain and successful conception and delivery with frozen embryo transfer. Isthmocele is an iatrogenic pathology associated with obstetric and gynecological complications. It’s an under recognised cause of secondary infertility. Etiology could be poor tissue healing or surgical techniques favouring niche formation. It’s imperative to address to its causes during caesarean section to prevent it. Diagnosis is mostly missed. Given the absence of a clearly defined surgical method in literature, choosing the proper approach to treating isthmocele can be arduous. Laparoscopy provides a minimally invasive procedure in women with this defect with secondary infertility and improves the chances of conception.
Spontaneous rupture of splenic artery aneurysm in pregnancy: an autopsy-based case report
Authors: Anand Aditya , Gupta Mohit , Kumath Manish , Kumar Sanjay
Published: March 2021

Splenic artery aneurysm (SAA) is an infrequent form of vascular disease that has a significant potential for rupture, resulting in life-threatening intraperitoneal hemorrhage commonly during pregnancy. The incidence of splenic artery aneurysms has been estimated between 0.01% and 0.98%. We describe a case of sudden death of a 36 years old full term, primigravida female. During autopsy we found ruptured splenic artery aneurysm about 2.0 cm in diameter near hilum with intraperitoneal hemorrhage. It is important to be alert about the possibility of SAA in pregnant women for its early diagnosis, as the chance of it getting ruptured during pregnancy is high with high maternal and fetal mortality rates.
Recent trends in managing abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Ananthula Shruthi , Gopalan Ushadevi , Kumarapillai Sivan Kumar
Published: March 2021

Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the most common problems among women of reproductive age. It is an important health care problem and may cause physiological as well as psycological stress impairing the quality of life. The aim of this review was to present various management options for women suffering from menorrhagia. An extensive electronic literature search was done using search engines like PubMed and Google scholar using the mesh terms/ key words like “abnormal uterine bleeding, menorrhagia, medical management, hysterectomy” to identify trials and reviews on management of abnormal uterine bleeding. Various pharmacological and surgical treatment options are available, among medical therapy Tranexamic acid being most effective. Second-generation endometrial ablation techniques are effective and safe alternatives compared to first-generation devices. Hysterectomy should be considered as a last resort in management of AUB as this major surgery is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Thus role of clinician is to counsel every women and provide full information regarding both medical as well as surgical treatment modalities available and facilitate them in making an appropriate choice.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on women reproductive health and family planning services
Authors: Taywade Manish , Pradhan Rudra Prasad
Published: March 2021

Globally, women and adolescents health in the reproductive age group are heavily affected during the ongoing coronavirus disease - 2010 (COVID-19) pandemic. Contraception shortage across the world. Sustainable development goal, target 3.7 is “to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services, including for family planning, information and education and integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes.” The demand of health workers and supply chain are affected and impacted the availability and accessibility to the sexual and reproductive health
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hearing impairment as seen in a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt
Authors: Uju Ibekwe Matilda , Simeon Afolabi
Published: March 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus prevalence has been on the increase especially the type 2. This study therefore is to determine the pattern, type and severity of hearing impairment and correlating it with the duration, presence of peripheral neuropathy, glycaemic control of the type 2 diabetes mellitus seen in university of Port Harcourt teaching hospital (UPTH).

Methods: It is a descriptive cross sectional study of adult diabetic patients seen at the endocrinology clinic of University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital. Consecutive patients with confirmed diagnosis of diabetes mellitus that gave their informed consent were recruited. A semi structured questionnaire aimed at obtaining the biodata, duration of diabetes and level of control, presence of neuropathy was administered to these patients. They had otoscopy done in addition to audiometric evaluation using pure tone audiometry.

Results: The study involved 108 subjects with confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Males; 42 and females; 66. Age ranged from 20 -81years. Hearing impairment was present in 68.52% of the subjects. Audiometric pattern showed 54.6% with SNHL while 31.5% had normal hearing. Majority of the subjects had mild degree hearing loss (50%). Bilateral SNHL was the commonly seen type of hearing loss in 55.93%.

Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of hearing loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The commonest type of hearing loss in these subjects was bilateral mild sensorineural hearing loss. There is therefore a need to incorporate regular audiologic assessment in the management protocol of the adult diabetic patients.

 
Learning from COVID-19 experience: a study amongst ENT surgeons’ COVID behaviour
Authors: Bhavana Kranti , Soni Sweta , Sharma Bhartendu Bharti , Chaudhary Neha
Published: March 2021

Background: Health care services across the world have undergone several modifications in view of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Otolaryngology needs special mention in this context owing to its proximity to virus’s natural habitat. Various ENT procedures are significantly aerosol generating and hence appropriate precautions and procedural modifications are needed. We aimed to determine attitude and practices of ENT professionals during COVID-19 pandemic and their level of preparedness towards resuming practice, teaching and training activities.

Methods: We conducted an online survey through Google forms, participants were asked to fill up a multiple choice questionnaire. Responses collected were analysed and interpretations made on basis of most favoured options.  

Results: Majority of respondents was aware of the potential risks and precautions to be taken during Outpatient and surgical procedures and was willing to adapt their clinical setups to protect themselves and their patients. Few of them wanted to follow stricter protocols like doing endoscopies for therapeutic purposes only, using a PAPR for lengthy surgeries, not allowing trainees to assist in surgeries etc.  

Conclusions: We concluded that fresh guidelines are needed taking in account the opinion of government and private practitioners, with provisions for continuing training activities.
Visual analogue score and endoscopic domain analysis to assess the outcome of microdebrder in sinonasal diseases
Authors: Harugop Anil S. , Padmavathy O. , Bellad Shama A. , Ramesh Reshma , Havaldar Rajesh R.
Published: March 2021

Background: The use of microdebrider in various sinonasal diseases have been sparingly understood. The present study aims to find out the effectiveness of a microdebrider in different sinonasal diseases by using each domain of visual analogue scale (VAS) and confirming the findings by diagnostic nasal endoscopy.

Methods: A prospective observational study was done among patients with sinonasal disease between January 2019 to March 2020 in our tertiary care hospital. A subjective visual analogue scale (VAS) was completed by every patient for all domains according to Lund and Mackay symptom scoring system. Using Lund Kennedy scoring, polyp, edema and discharge were assessed preoperatively. Patients were followed up for 1 week, 6 weeks and 3 months. At 3 months both VAS and Lund Kennedy scoring was done. Post operatively scarring and crusting were assessed separately.

Results: There was a significant improvement in domains post operatively in all the diseases considered (p=0.001). In Lund Kennedy endoscopic scoring system there was significant improvement in all the domain that was taken into consideration (p=0.001). Inter-disease domain comparison was also made.

Conclusions: The study substantiates the use of microdebrider in various sinonasal disease. Microdebrider being a modern multipurpose instrument plays a significant role in complete clearance of the disease with good postoperative outcome.
Actinomyces causing chronic tonsillitis: a retrospective study
Authors: S. Ravishankara , Srinivas Madhumitha , N. T. Sreedevi
Published: March 2021

Background: Actinomyces is often overlooked and hence reported as rare infection of palatine tonsils. It can often lead to chronic tonsillitis and can masquerade as oropharyngeal malignancy. Objectives were to estimate the proportion of actinomyces causing chronic tonsillitis using histopathological evidence and to describe the histopathology of tonsillectomy specimens.

Methods: Total 33 patients had undergone tonsillectomy in the study period of June 2018 to September 2020. Tonsil biopsy specimens stained with haematoxylin-Eosin stain and gram Stain were evaluated by light microscopy examination for the presence of actinomyces.   

Results: Total 4 Patients (8 tonsillectomy specimens) had evidence of actinomycosis on histopathological examination constituting 12.12 % of the total specimens examined, the mean age was 17 years (ranging from 5 to 42 years). One of the specimens had unilateral tonsillar cyst which revealed colonies of actinomyces.

Conclusions: Actinomycosis of tonsil is a common condition which is usually missed as routine histopathological examination of excised tonsils is not done. Hence, we recommend routine histopathological examination of all tonsillectomy specimens irrespective of age.
A case of recurrent chondroblastic osteosarcoma mandible
Authors: Babu Helena , Sharma Rohit , Sharma Vinit K. , Aggarwal Tanu , Rana Amit K.
Published: March 2021

Osteosarcoma is an uncommon primary malignant tumor of bone. Craniofacial osteosarcomas constitute only about 6.5–7% of all osteosarcomas. The most common histopathologic type is chondroblastic type in head and neck group and osteoblastic in extremity group. We present a case report of 21 year old male patient with chondroblastic osteosarcoma with two episodes of recurrence. The tumour was dealt with left hemimandibulectomy followed by radiochemotherapy. After first recurrence he underwent right hemimandibulectomy. During second recurrence excision of growth followed by radiochemotherapy was done. Thus an aggressive multi-modality approach was adopted for treatment. Osteosarcoma is an uncommon primary malignant tumor of bone. Craniofacial Osteosarcomas are considered a separate category in view of their low histologic grade, less frequent metastases and better prognosis. The most common presentation is local swelling with or without pain. Aggressive surgical approach with post-surgical radiochemotherapy can be an effective tool.
Da crítica à criatividade: reflexões sobre o realismo de Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni diante dos desafios da criminologia crítica brasileira
Authors: Costa Ferreira Carolina , Babini Lapa do Amaral Machado Erica
Published: March 2021

O artigo discute a contribuição da dogmática de Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni para as Ciências Criminais no Brasil, desde o processo de recepção da Criminologia na América Latina até sua versão crítica a partir da concepção funcional redutora. Contextualiza-se a contribuição do autor ao debate sobre raça nos campos criminológicos brasileiro e latino-americano, empreendendo esforços epistêmicos de não silenciar privilégios de branquitude, deixando de lado o sujeito abstrato – categoria alienante do branqueamento, própria da tradicional dogmática – para considerar o sujeito concreto, em suas dimensões individualizadas, a partir das experiências do controle penal latino-americano. O objetivo é discutir a contribuição de Zaffaroni para uma teoria crítica do exercício do poder punitivo. O texto aponta potencialidades do saber dogmático crítico desenhado pelo autor desde a década de 1980, quando indicava a necessidade da autorreflexão do saber criminológico-crítico, inaugurando uma perspectiva criativa de abordagem realista desde a margem latino-americana. Para tal análise, realiza-se revisão de literatura e uma análise teórica, a fim de a possibilidade de contenção do exercício do poder punitivo pela dogmática penal, com os olhos na Criminologia Crítica brasileira.