bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbiological spectrum of causative agents of implant-associated infection in the treatment of complications of transpedicular fixation of the spine using the negative pressure method
Authors: Tsiskarashvili A. V. , Gorbatyuk D. S. , Melikova R. E. , Pkhakadze T. Ya. , Kazmin A. I. , Suleimanov M. A.
Published: September 2022

Objective. To analyze the leading pathogens of implant-associated infection (IAI) after spinal surgery and identification of trends in the change in the pattern of microorganisms at the stages of treatment using the negative pressure method (NPWT systems).

Material and Methods. The results of microbiological cultures of 25 patients with IAI of the spine were studied. The frequency of occurrence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens was estimated. The leading pathogens in the species spectrum were identified. Changes in the structure of identified microorganisms were studied at various time intervals of treatment.

Results. A total of 136 microbiological studies were performed in 25 patients at the stages of treatment with the negative pressure method, with the identification of microorganisms in 127 (93.3 %) cases. The frequency of gram-negative microflora was 50.0 %, gram-positive – 42.6 %, Candida sp. – 0.7%, in 15.4 % microbial associations with the dominance of gram-negative microflora were identified at all periods of treatment. Not only the diversity of the isolated flora was noted (E. faecalis – 16.5 %, P. aeruginosa – 14.2 %, K. pneumoniae – 11.0 %, S. aureus and A. baumannii – 9.4 % each and S. epidermidis – 8.6 %), but also changes in the spectrum of flora at the stages of treatment: on the 1st and 2nd weeks from the first debridement intervention and the installation of the NPWT system, E. faecalis was most often detected, on the 3rd and 4th weeks – P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii, during the 2nd month – E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa, later – gram-negative bacteria against the background of an increase in the incidence of K. pneumoniae. The frequency of verification of other species of microorganisms had no statistically significant differences. Microbial associations were found from the 2nd month of treatment. The change in pathogens was noted in 72 % of cases during the treatment of IAI of the spine. On average, this treatment required 7–8 NPWT dressing changes per patient. This method of treatment made it possible to achieve both negative results of microbiological examination and stable relief of the infectious process.

Conclusion. IAI, which complicates surgical interventions on the spine, is characterized by a change in pathogens during treatment, which requires not only multiple debridement with the replacement of the NPWT dressing, but also adequate long-term rational (etiologically justified) antibacterial therapy, based on the control of data on both the spectrum and on microbial resistance.
Kesadaran Hukum Dan Etika Dalam Menggunakan Media Sosial
Authors: Parwitasari Tika Andarasni , Supanto Supanto , Ismunarno Ismunarno , Budyatmojo Winarno , Sulistyanta Sulistyanta
Published: September 2022

Pelanggaran dalam penggunaan media sosial di Kabupaten Klaten kian meresahkan kalangan pelajar. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan tindakan dan upaya pencegahan penyalahgunaan media sosial sebagai sarana melakukan kejahatan. Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sebelas Maret sebagai institusi pendidikan tinggi memiliki tanggung jawab sosial untuk turut mencegah penyalahgunaan teknologi informasi, khususnya dalam hal penggunaan media sosial di masyarakat. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah melalui sosialisasi. Kegiatan sosialisasi dilakukan dengan mempresentasikan tentang kasus-kasus kejahatan dalam penggunaan teknologi informasi khususnya media sosial, menjelaskan tentang Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, serta upaya-upaya pencegahan terjadinya kejahatan teknologi informasi melalui media sosial. Tulisan ini menjelaskan secara komprehensif mengenai kegiatan sosialisasi peningkatan kesadaran hukum dan etika penggunaan media sosial yang dilakukan dengan melibatkan peran serta SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Klaten sebagai salah satu lembaga pendidikan di Kabupaten Klaten.
Conformal Transformation of Uniform Domains Under Weights That Depend on Distance to The Boundary
Authors: Gibara Ryan , Shanmugalingam Nageswari
Published: September 2022

The sphericalization procedure converts a Euclidean space into a compact sphere. In this note we propose a variant of this procedure for locally compact, rectifiably path-connected, non-complete, unbounded metric spaces by using conformal deformations that depend only on the distance to the boundary of the metric space. This deformation is locally bi-Lipschitz to the original domain near its boundary, but transforms the space into a bounded domain. We will show that if the original metric space is a uniform domain with respect to its completion, then the transformed space is also a uniform domain.
Translanguaging, co-learning, and participatory investment in multilingual workplaces
Authors: Battilani Betül Seda
Published: September 2022

To date, scholarship on the multilingual workplace has largely focused on professional and corporate settings, ignoring the small scale, often self-employed, immigrant businesses in many British towns and cities. This paper explores what goes unnoticed in such spaces of extended service encounters and focuses on two themes: translanguaging and cooperative disposition, and co-learning practices and identity practices; also introducing the termparticipatory investmentto explain these phenomena.The participants made strategic decisions involving ample use of extensive signs in their semiotic repertoires, going beyond the linguistic resources in order to negotiate, co-construct and aid the meaning. Based on the findings, this paper argues that multilingualism is not a necessary tenet of cooperative disposition, but rather, exposure to contact zones with regular translanguaging activities is what hones it. Many instances also point towards an environment of co-learning, which opened up a space for the parties involved to construct and negotiate various identities and worldviews. Although examined often in pedagogical contexts, this paper argues that co-learning taking place outside of the classroom plays a considerable role in multilingual communication and should be examined thoroughly to create a better understanding of communication and identity practices at contact zones.
Impact of grape marc, as a partial replacer of sugar and wheat flour, on the bioaccessibility of polyphenols, technological, sensory, and quality properties of cake by mixture design approach
Authors: Bursa Kubra , Isik Goksen , Yildirim Rusen Metin , Ozulku Gorkem , Kian-Pour Nasim , Toker Omer Said , Palabiyik Ibrahim , Gulcu Mehmet
Published: September 2022

This investigation aimed to valorize grape marc (GM) in the formulation of cakes for ideal technological, nutritional and organoleptic properties. The GM (0–20%) was used for the partial substitution of wheat flour (40–50%) and sugar (40–50%). Total polyphenols in the cake samples, their post digestion, and bioaccessibility varied from 65.49–462.07; 13.34–608.62 mg GAE/g, and 23.42–315.47%, respectively. The values of the elastic modulus of the batter were higher than those of the viscous modulus, indicating the elastic behavior of the cakes. The hardness and springiness ranged from 2.20–4.22 N, and 0.85–0.98 mm, respectively. The results predicted by mixture design revealed that the samples including 50% wheat flour, 48.73% sugar, and 1.94% GM were the best formulation for the optimization of organoleptic properties. According to the results, GM can be used to develop cakes with a good nutritional composition as well as functional, sensory, and quality attributes at the industrial scale.
A Comparative Study of Social Media Data Archiving Software
Authors: Borji Samaneh , Asnafi Amir Reza , Pakdaman Naeini Maryam
Published: September 2022

The importance and growth of the amount of data available on social media have made organizations use Social Media Data Archiving Software (SMDAS) to collect and archive their data. This study compares the features of three SMDAS: ArchiveSocial, Pagefreezer, and Smarsh. First, by surveying the developers’ websites and catalogs, the features of all three software products are identified and classified into four areas. After using statistical methods and the Chi-square test, significant differences among features of the software in each domain are investigated. “Access to deleted records,” “automatic archiving,” “archiving of native formats,” “archive categorization,” “archive sharing,” “simple and advanced search,” “online service,” and “advanced discovery and monitoring functions” were the shared features. A significant difference was noted in the domain of security and data preservation, with Pagefreezer software offering more features than the other two software. In the other areas, no significant difference was observed. Knowledge of SMDAS can help librarians and other information professionals choose and use it wisely. Comparing features may also benefit companies that are developing SMDAS. The literature suggests to use the studied software; nevertheless, few studies discussed the software’s features in detail. This article has made a valuable contribution to comparing the software’s features.
1-aza-18-crown-6 ether tailored graphene oxide for Cs(I) removal from wastewater
Authors: Liu Peng , Shen Zhuang , Cheng Jiaxian , Han Zhen , Xu Wenda , Ji Mingbo , Ma Fuqiu
Published: September 2022

Due to the relative abundance, long half-life and high mobility of radioactive cesium (Cs), new adsorbents are urgently needed to treat Cs to ensure public health. In this study, a graphene oxide (GO) based adsorbent for Cs(I) adsorption was prepared by 1-aza-18-crown-6 ether modification. XRD, FT-IR, XPS and SEM results showed that the properties of 1-aza-18-crown 6 ether modified GO (18C6-GO) changed dramatically compared with that of raw graphite. The adsorption properties of 18C6-GO for Cs(I) were studied by batch static adsorption experiments. The results showed that the adsorption equilibrium time of 18C6-GO was 20 h. Kinetic study revealed that the adsorption rate of Cs(I) conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Langmuir adsorption isotherm simulation indicated that the adsorption arises at homogeneous adsorption sites on 18C6-GO. Therefore, crown ether modified GO may have implications for the treatment of wastewater.
Islam und internationale Politik
Authors: Bresselau von Bressensdorf Agnes
Published: September 2022

Die Geschichte des Islam – seine Rolle als Faktor internationaler Politik und transnationaler Verflechtung – spielt in der deutschen und europäischen Zeitgeschichtsforschung bislang nur eine marginale Rolle. Das Podium Zeitgeschichte unternimmt den Versuch einer „De-Provinzialisierung“ des Islam und bringt ihn mit ideengeschichtlichen Universalismen und Traditionen ins Gespräch, die von der bisherigen Forschung überwiegend westlich-europäisch konnotiert werden. Dazu zählen Debatten um Islam und Nation im Dekolonialisierungsprozess (Matthieu Rey) ebenso wie konkurrierende Vorstellungen der Vereinbarkeit von Islam und säkularem Sozialismus (Manfred Sing). Hatem Elliesie befasst sich mit islamischen Menschenrechtsverständnissen und ihrem Verhältnis zu westlichen Deutungskonzepten. Den Abschluss bildet Esther Möllers Beitrag zu Konzepten und Praktiken humanitärer Hilfe islamisch geprägter Organisationen im Spannungsfeld von arabischem Nationalismus, Dekolonisation und Kaltem Krieg.
Nucleic acid–protein condensates in innate immune signaling
Authors: Corbet Giulia A , Burke James M , Parker Roy
Published: September 2022

The presence of foreign nucleic acids in the cytosol is a marker of infection. Cells have sensors, also known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), in the cytosol that detect foreign nucleic acid and initiate an innate immune response. Recent studies have reported the condensation of multiple PRRs including PKR, NLRP6, and cGAS, with their nucleic acid activators into discrete nucleoprotein assemblies. Nucleic acid–protein condensates form due to multivalent interactions and can create high local concentrations of components. The formation of PRR‐containing condensates may alter the magnitude or timing of PRR activation. In addition, unique condensates form following RNase L activation or during paracrine signaling from virally infected cells that may play roles in antiviral defense. These observations suggest that condensate formation may be a conserved mechanism that cells use to regulate activation of the innate immune response and open an avenue for further investigation into the composition and function of these condensates. Here we review the nucleic acid–protein granules that are implicated in the innate immune response, discuss general consequences of condensate formation and signal transduction, as well as what outstanding questions remain.
Talijanski jezik u suvremenom jezičnom krajoliku Zadra
Authors: Oštarić Antonio
Published: September 2022

Ovaj rad predstavlja analizu jezičnoga krajolika Zadra s posebnim osvrtom na funkciju i rasprostranjenost talijanskoga jezika. Talijanski je jezik u različitim povijesnim razdobljima imao različite funkcije kao pisani jezik u javnom prostoru Zadra, a u posljednjim je desetljećima uglavnom prisutan na natpisima kao jedan od tradicionalnih jezika turizma. S obzirom na mijene u turizmu, promijenila se i uloga talijanskoga jezika u jezičnom krajoliku. Analiza jezičnoga krajolika provedena je na korpusu od 13,608 natpisa fotografiranih u jezičnom krajoliku Zadra u trima navratima: 2011., 2013. i 2018. godine. Analiza pokazuje koliko se često talijanski jezik koristi u javnom prostoru Zadra te koje su funkcije njegove uporabe. Osim kvantitativne analize natpisa, rad prikazuje i kvalitativne podatke dobivene intervjuiranjem aktera uključenih u postavljanje, odnosno konzumaciju natpisa u jezičnom krajoliku. Poseban se osvrt daje na promjene u upotrebi natpisa na talijanskom jeziku u jezičnom krajoliku Zadra u razdoblju između 2011. i 2018. godine, i to za prostor zadarskoga Poluotoka.
Manajemen Pengendalian Logistik Berbasis Sistem Informasi Gudang
Authors: Ratnawati Sri , Oktarina Nina
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the process of handling logistics control management based on warehouse information systems in Building H, State University of Semarang. This qualitative descriptive study used 10 informants consisting of 5 related informants, 2 involved informants, and 3 principal informants. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. Data analysis used data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that logistics control was controlled by an online-based Asset and Warehouse Information System (SiAgung) and an offline-based SIMAK BMN. The problem with the system used is that the online system is still under development, so sometimes the control of the demand for goods is wrong, while the offline system continues to be updated continuously from the center. In addition to the system, unorganized warehouse arrangements, unavailability of reports on the use of goods per unit, and the absence of SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures) for logistics arrangements in warehouses are also obstacles to the logistics control management process.
Features of phase and structure formation in obtaining high-entropy alloy of Fe-Ti-Cr-Mn-Si-C system from a powder mixture of ferroalloys
Authors: Bagliuk G.A. , Marych M.V. , Shishkina Yu.O. , Mamonova A.A. , Gripachevsky O.M. , Kyryliuk S.F.
Published: September 2022

The peculiarities of the structure and phase composition of the high-entropy alloy of the TiCrFeMnSiC system obtained from the powder mixture of ferrotitanium, ferrochrome and ferrosilicon-manganese ferroalloys are considered in the work. The technological scheme of alloy production included joint grinding of the mixture in a planetary mill, consolidation of the blanks, their heating to 1100 0C, hot forging on the arc press and subsequent annealing of hot-forged samples at 1200 0C. According to the results of X-ray analysis of the obtained alloy, it was found that the main phase of the alloy is the BCC phase with the parameter of the cubic lattice a = 0.2868 nm, which is a solid solution based on alloying components of the original charge. The phase composition of the composite also recorded titanium carbide TiC with FCC lattice with the parameter a = 0.4319 nm, which corresponds to a stoichiometric composition of about TiC0.6 and a small amount of FCC phase of iron-chromium carbide (Cr, Fe)23C6 with lattice parameter a = 1.0645 nm. The material has a high hardness (up to 60-61 HRC), which can provide high resistance of this multicomponent alloy.
Inpatient and Observation Consultation Guideline Changes
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: September 2022

This article provides a brief overview of the codes to report consultations provided to patients in hospital inpatient or observation status. The following additional topics are also discussed:

Determining if a service may be reported as a consultation Guidelines for reporting consultation services provided to patients in hospital inpatient or observation stays
Henrique V
Authors: Cavalcante Luiz Ricardo , Fernandes André Eduardo da Silva
Published: September 2022

Henrique V foi o rei da Inglaterra entre 1413 e 1422. Sucedeu seu pai homônimo, que havia sido o primeiro monarca inglês da casa de Lancaster. Nas peças históricas de William Shakespeare, retrata-se seu processo de formação até sua coroação, nas partes 1 e 2 de Henrique IV, e sua atuação competente e heroica (“o rei vitorioso”), em Henrique V. Foi sucedido por seu filho Henrique VI, rei entre 1422 e 1461 e entre 1470 e 1471, cujo fracasso militar e político foi objeto das peças de Shakespeare às quais empresta seu nome. Contudo, já no início da parte 1 de Henrique VI, na cena do funeral do rei vitorioso, indica-se que grande parte de suas conquistas havia sido revertida por “falta de ouro e homens”. Argumenta-se, neste artigo, que a gestão de Henrique V, embora retratada como vitoriosa, pode ser interpretada como irresponsável do ponto de vista fiscal e geradora de um passivo que explica o fracasso das campanhas militares inglesas após sua morte. Embora conectado com uma produção bibliográfica relativamente vasta sobre a relação entre a obra de Shakespeare e a economia (TURNER, 1999; FRANCO, 2009; ARCHER, 2012), o trabalho busca inovar ao discutir especificamente a economia do setor público e a gestão fiscal.
PID controllers with delay in a problem of stabilization of robotic manipulators’ desired motions
Authors: Andreev Aleksandr S. , Kolegova Lubov V.
Published: September 2022

Proportional-integro-differentiating (PID) controllers are widely used in solving control problems of technical systems, including mechanical ones. For this case, most of works are limited to the study of stabilization problem for steady motions and states; such studies are based on the analysis of model equations in a linear approximation. On the other hand, one of the urgent problems of controlled-motion mechanics is the problem of using PID controllers in tracking the trajectories of multi-link robotic manipulators with semi-global or global stabilization in a non-linear formulation. Practically little studied is the problem of justifying the applicability of such controllers taking into account possible delay in the feedback structure. This paper deals with such a problem. As an application of the theory developed in this paper, the control for a motion of a six-link manipulator is obtained.
Analisis Feminisme Liberal terhadap Konsep Pendidikan Perempuan (Studi Komparatif antara Pemikiran Dewi Sartika dan Rahmah El-Yunusiyyah)
Authors: Maulid Pijar
Published: September 2022

Women should get an education like men. This research will explore the concept of women's education of Dewi Sartika and Rahmah El-Yunusiyyah and how the concept of women's education of the two figures relates to liberal feminism. This research is a qualitative research type of library study (library research). This research found that women, according to Dewi Sartika and Rahmah El-Yunusiyyah, must be intelligent, sovereign, and independent. They must be equal and have the same role and responsibility as men in life. The construction of the first two schools specifically for women is one of the proofs that Dewi Sartika and Rahmah El-Yunusiyyah have pioneered gender equality in the world of education for women.
Teologi Pembebasan Perempuan Perspektif Asghar Ali Engineer
Authors: Juliani Anita , Hambali Radea Yuli
Published: September 2022

Gender inequality experienced by women is still rampant to this day. Orthodox societies often use religious teachings to perpetuate patriarchal systems. This study has the aim of discussing and knowing the challenges and rights of women in Islam. This research is very important for the current condition of women in Indonesia, because many Indonesian ulama figures have misogynistic interpretations of the Qur'anic verse. Therefore, this research is important in solving problems regarding women who are oppressed as a result of these problems. This study uses an approach that is descriptive-analytical method. The technique in this research is library study. As for the results and discussion in this study, that Asghar Ali Engineer regarding theological theology, Islam is present with a liberation mission. Therefore, and the function of women who have experts has the same opportunities and opportunities as men who have been in the Shari'a not only determined on the basis of the text of the Qur'an, but in addition to the Sunnah of the Prophet and the opinions of the fiqh (judges). . The Bible is not only normative but also pragmatic. In another sense, the Qur'an is not always normative but relevant to its era. Likewise with his teachings. Because basically, Islam brings people to justice.
Slowing the consumption - from the perspective of Spanish Biology Students
Authors:   Biology degree at the University of Granada, Spain, Ramírez Valencia Tatiana ,   (Erasmus+) in the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental Protection, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Poland, Ruiz Padilla José Francisco ,   Biology degree at the University of Granada, Spain,   (Erasmus+) in the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental Protection, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Poland
Published: September 2022

Consumerism is a very important issue today because of its exponential growth and its influence on the environment. Because of this, numerous movements have appeared that try to focus on slowing down the ecosystems transformation, such as green consumerism. It is very important to recognise the right green behaviour and to know the recommendations for the future in order to improve the present situation. The opinion of young people studying biology may give us some clues about the thinking of slowing consumption. The paper also gives an opinion of scientists’ way of thinking of this.
Purification of recombinant endoglucanase GH5-CBM72-CBM72 expressed in Escherichia coli
Authors: Thi Dung Cao , Trong Khoa Dao , Quy Nguyen Thi , Huyen Thi Do , Nam Hai Truong
Published: September 2022

In a previous study, a gene GL0694641 coding for endoglucanase containing 3 domains GH5-CBM72-CBM72 was exploited from metagenomic DNA data of bacteria in Vietnamese goats’ rumen. The gene (eg5) encoding the mature enzyme (without signal peptide coding sequence) was optimized codons, artificially synthesized, and inserted into the pET22b(+) vector at NcoI and XhoI to generate expression vector pET22-eg5 for expression of the gene in Eschrichia coli. In this study, the gene eg5 was well expressed in E. coli BL21 and Rosetta 1 strains to produce recombinant endoglucanase of 77 kDa. The recombinant enzymes were expressed mainly in the soluble fractions of both strains. However, the enzyme expressed in E. coli BL21 was precipitated by imidazole at even a low concentration of 20 mM, whereas endoglucanase produced from E. coli Rosetta 1 strain was well soluble in buffers containing imidazole at concentrations of 20, 50, 200, and 250 mM. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the negative effect of imidazole on recombinant protein. Endoglucanase expressed from strain E. coli Rosetta 1 was successfully purified by His-tag affinity chromatography using phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Protein contaminations were washed out by PBS buffer containing 20 mM and 75 mM imidazole then the target protein was harvested by the buffer containing 200 mM imidazole. After purification and desalting by the PD10 column, the recombinant endoglucanase had purity up to 97%. The pure enzyme exhibited endoglucanase activity hydrolyzing carboxymethyl cellulose in agar plate and by zymogram. The purified enzyme can be used as a material for its characterization.
Functional characterization of the \(\textit{OsSWEET13 }\) promoter involved in the infection of \(\textit{ Xanthomonas oryzae }\) pv. \(\textit{oryzae (Xoo) }\) in rice cultivar TBR225
Authors: Phuong Ngoc Pham , Lan Dai Tran , Thi Hanh Do , Quang Huy Nguyen , Phuong Nguyen Duy
Published: September 2022

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes severe bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease to many Vietnamese major rice cultivars, including the TBR225. OsSWEET13 belongs to group III of the OsSWEET gene family encoding sugar transport proteins, which is considered one of the “susceptibility” genes (S genes) necessary for BLB disease. In this study, the rice cultivar TBR225 was determined to be susceptible to 19/20 Vietnamese Xoo isolates collected from the Northern provinces. Two of the three tested isolates (VXO_60 and VXO_96 isolates) were shown to up-regulate OsSWEET13 upon the Xoo infection of the TBR225 cultivar. The TBR225 OsSWEET13 promoter was isolated for sequencing analysis. The isolated DNA fragment was 615 bp in size, contained an effector binding element (EBE) PthXo2 that was recognized by the type III-secretory transcription activator-like (TAL) proteins of the Xoo. This promoter showed a similarity of more than 99% to the published OsSWEET13 promoter sequences (AP014967.1 and CP018167.1). Our findings are basic for the generation of highyielding rice varieties with resistance to BLB disease by genetic engineering in Vietnam.
Effects of grafting on the morphology, physiology, and aerenchyma of balsam pear aboveground under waterlogging stress
Authors: LI Wen-Jing , YAO Ming-Hua , PENG Yu-Quan , XU Lan-Ting , ZHU Jin
Published: September 2022

The effects of grafting on the morphology, physiology, and aerenchyma of balsam pear aboveground under waterlogging stress were studied using a two-factor randomized block design. At 8 and 16 days, the degree of reduction of grafted balsam pear was lower than those of self-rooted balsam pear, although the height and leaf number of self-rooted and grafted balsam pears were remarkably reduced under waterlogging stress. Compared with self-rooted balsam pear, grafting considerably decreased the malondialdehyde content of balsam pear leaves but substantially increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) and the contents of osmosis-regulating substances (soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline) in the leaves of balsam pear under waterlogging stress at 4, 8, and 16 days. The stem of grafted balsam pear formed aerenchyma (pith cavity) at 0 days, whereas the stem of self-rooted balsam pear formed aerenchyma at 4 days. The aerenchyma of the stem formed by grafted balsam pear was more developed than that formed by the self-rooted balsam pear under waterlogging stress. The petiole of self-rooted and grafted balsam pears formed aerenchyma at 16 days, and the aerenchyma of grafted balsam pear was more developed than that of self-rooted balsam pear. These results indicated that grafting improved the antioxidant and osmotic regulation ability of balsam pear and enhanced the tolerance of balsam pear to waterlogging stress by enlarging the pith cavity of the stem and petiole of balsam pear.
Identification of the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) gene family in wheat and its expression profiling analysis under different stress treatments
Authors: WANG Chao , ZHOU Zixian , JIANG Shan , LI Qiang , CUI Licao , ZHOU Yong
Published: September 2022

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) catalyses the interconversion of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), and plays key roles in different developmental processes and stress responses. GPDH family genes have been previously investigated in various plant species, such as Arabidopsis, maize, and soybean. However, very little is known in GPDH family genes in wheat. In this study, a total of 17 TaGPDH genes were identified from the wheat genome, including eight cytosolic GPDHs, six chloroplastic GPDHs and three mitochondrial GPDHs. Gene duplication analysis showed that segmental duplications contributed to the expansion of this gene family. Phylogenetic results showed that TaGPDHs were clustered into three groups with the same subcellular localization and domain distribution, and similar conserved motif arrangement and gene structure. Expression analysis based on the RNA-seq data showed that GPDH genes exhibited preferential expression in different tissues, and several genes displayed altered expression under various abiotic stresses. These findings provide the foundation for further research of wheat GPDH genes in plant growth, development and stress responses.
Quality characteristics, phytochemical analysis, and antioxidant of extract Cuscuta reflexa (Roxb.)
Authors: SIDHU Ahmed R. , BASIT Abdul , HAYAT Asma , MANGRIO Sanjha , ARAIN Sobia , KHALID Tayyaba , MOHAMED Heba I. , ELHAKEM Abeer
Published: September 2022

Cuscuta reflexa is an extensive leafless, parasitic climber that has been used since ancient times for various purposes and as a therapeutic plant in different areas of Pakistan. The phytochemical, antibacterial, antioxidant, and fatty acid investigations were carried out on the leaves, stems, and fruit extracts of C. reflexa. Preliminary phytochemical screening has shown the presence of various phytochemicals such as carbohydrates, protein, amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, and phenolic compounds. The percentage variation of some components fluctuated like moisture (6.85-10.34%), ash (5.38-7.83%), acid insoluble ash (0.28-0.71%), water-soluble ash (0.78-0.96%), hexane extractives (1.23-1.91%), alcohol extractives (10.39-12.23%), water extractives (25.34-30.35%), loss on drying (1.16-1.47%) and crude fiber (15.04-18.26%) for leaves, stems, and fruits respectively. The level of free fatty acid was different as follows: leaves (2.37%), stems (2.16%), and fruits (2.94%); a high value of peroxide was observed in stems, followed by leaves and fruits. The iodine and saponification values in leaves, stems, and fruits were found in the range of 105-116 g I2/100 g, and 165-175 mg KOH/g. The antibacterial activity was carried out by the disc diffusion method against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria. It was found that all extracts of the selected plant were most active against E. coli with a zone of inhibition of 4, 4, and 6 at MIC 250 as compared to S. aureus, which showed a zone of inhibition of 3, 4, and 5 at MIC 250 µg/ml. The antioxidant potential of the leaves, stems, and fruit extracts, examined on the basis of their scavenging activity of free radicals, was found to be good. The result of the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis reveals that linoleic acid (38.10–40.53%) is the most abundant fatty acid of C. reflexa and the smallest amount was found in tricosanoic acid (0.12-0.19%). In general, the isolated compounds were reported to possess anticarcinogenic, antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. It was concluded that C. reflexa has a markedly therapeutic potential to heal wounds and may provide the pharmacological basis for its folk uses.
Cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity of essential oils from lemon, wild orange and petitgrain against MCF-7, HepG2 and HeLa cancer cells
Authors: SAENGHA Worachot , KARIRAT Thipphiya , BURANRAT Benjaporn , KATISART Teeraporn , MA Nyuk Ling , LUANG-IN Vijitra
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition and biological properties of the citrus essential oils (EOs) derived from orange rinds (peels) of lemon (Citrus limon), wild orange (Citrus sinensis) from Brazil extracted by the cold pressed/expressed method, and leaves and twigs of petitgrain (Citrus aurantium) from Paraguay extracted by steam distillation. These food grade EOs were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity in breast, liver, and cervical cancer cells (MCF-7, HepG2 and HeLa) via MTT assay, antiproliferative activity via colony formation assay, and antimigratory activity via wound healing assay, and apoptosis via DNA fragmentation and morphology assessment. The major compounds found in lemon EO were D-limonene (66.75%), beta-pinene (12.82%), and gamma-terpinene (11.57%), totaling over 90% of the identified compounds. For wild orange, the only predominant compound was limonene (96.60%), and the rest, found in minor amounts, included alpha-pinene, bicyclohexane, beta-pinene, beta-myrcene, 3-carene, and o-cymene. For petitgrain EO, linalyl isobutyrate (51.76%) and linalool (26.86%) were mainly detected. Based on the MTT assay, petitgrain EO was the most effective against MCF-7, HepG2 and HeLa. However, wild orange EO was the most antiproliferative and antimigratory against all three cells using the anticolony formation assay and wound healing assay, respectively. The results showed that cell death is associated with the apoptotic process, with morphological hallmarks of apoptosis including membrane blebbing and DNA fragmentation. These findings imply that the three citrus EOs might be used as active components in functional food products for chemopreventive benefits.
Effects of cytokinin and abscisic acid on heat resistance of Vetiveria zizanioides
Authors: WU Jingchao , LU Yong , ZHOU Biyan , HU Zhiqun
Published: September 2022

Vetiveria zizanioides is ideal in maintaining soil and water, and is widely used for remediation of soil contaminated by heavy metals. However, it is affected by high-temperature stress. In this study, Vetiveria zizanioides plants were sprayed with 6-BA and ABA in a growth chamber 1 d before heat stress treatment, then the plants were subjected to high-temperature conditions. Relative water content, relative electrical conductivity, contents of ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as the antioxidative substances, and content of malondiadehyde (MDA) were determined. Also, the antioxidative enzyme activities and the osmoprotectants levels were detected. Diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining of leaves and roots in Vetiveria zizanioides was observed for determination of hydrogen peroxide accumulation. The results showed that relative water content was decreased, relative electrical conductivity and MDA content were increased by the heat stress treatment. Under high-temperature conditions, relative water content was increased and relative electrical conductivity was decreased by 6-BA and ABA treatments. At the middle and the late stages of the heat stress treatment, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and the contents of ASA and GSH in leaves of the 6-BA-treated and ABA-treated plants were significantly higher, whereas the MDA content was significantly lower than those in the high-temperature controls. Hydrogen peroxide accumulation levels in the 6-BA-treated and ABA-treated leaves and roots were lower than in the high-temperature controls. Contents of soluble sugar, sucrose, and glucose in the 6-BA-treated and ABA-treated leaves were significantly higher than those in the high-temperature controls. Proline content in the 6-BA-treated and ABA-treated leaves was stable. The results suggested that the enhancement of the heat resistance by 6-BA and ABA treatments was correlated with the activation of the antioxidant system, as well as the sugar-based osmoprotectant.
A view of transcriptome during cold stress in sugarcane using Saccharum spontaneum genome
Authors: UR REHMAN Shafee , MUHAMMAD Khushi , MOTA PORTO Antonio C. , QUE Youxiong , NOVAES Evandro
Published: September 2022

Transcriptomic data of two sugarcane cultivars ‘ROC22’ and ‘GT08-1108’ were investigated for the expression analysis of cold responsive genes. The raw RNA Seq data of the sugarcane cultivars were downloaded from the SRA NCBI database and were reanalyzed and mapped by using Saccharum spontaneum genome.  In the Saccharum spontaneum reference genome, 83826 unigenes were annotated and, among these, 46,159 (55%) were functionally annotated with Gene Ontology (GO) categories. In the transcriptome-based analysis, 183,515 unigenes were assembled and, among these, 110,021 (60%) were functionally annotated with GO categories. For the cultivar GT08-1108, using the reference genome pipeline, 11,652 (13.9%) unigenes were differentially expressed (7,238 upregulated; 4,414 downregulated), while 16,145 (8.8%) were differentially expressed (8,965 upregulated; 7,180 downregulated) using transcriptome-based pipeline. In the cultivar ROC22, 11,516 (13.7%) genes were differentially expressed (7,174 upregulated; 4,342 downregulated) and 20,317 (11.1%) (10,898 upregulated; 9,419 downregulated) for the genome and transcriptome-based analysis, respectively. In the genome analyses, among downregulated genes, 3,248 were coincident between the two cultivars, the remaining 1,166 differentially expressed only in ‘GT-1180’ and 1,094 only in ‘ROC22’. With the transcriptome assembly, 13,113 genes were deferentially expressed in both cultivars, the remaining 3,032 unique to ‘GT08-1108’ and 7,204 in ‘ROC22’. We concluded that sugarcane in response to cold stress expresses many genes, although the transcriptome assembly overestimated the number of unigenes and, consequently, a higher number of differentially expressed genes. This may be due to difficulties in separating homeologues from paralogue genes. When a reference genome is available, we recommend its use since genes predicted on a reference genome tend to be more accurate.
Colletotrichum siamense infection caused transcripts involved plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis varied in strawberry
Authors: ZHENG Rong , SHU Bo , LUO Chun
Published: September 2022

Colletotrichum siamense infected the petiole and crown of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), and this anthracnose threatens strawberry production heavily in Hubei province. Characteristic the variation of transcript caused by C. siamense is important for anthracnose control of strawberry. In this study, RNA-seq analysis was used to monitor the strawberry transcripts in response of C. siamense at 0- and 6-days post-inoculation based on lesion measurement and hypha observation. The number of clean reads achieved for each sample was ranged from 5.68 to 8.12 Gb. The 0DPM vs 0DPI group had seven significantly differentially expressed transcripts, whereas the 6DPM vs 6DPI group exhibited 12,097 significantly differentially expressed transcripts. The differentially expressed transcripts of 6DPM vs 6DPI group were enriched in ‘metabolic process’ and ‘biological process’ in the biological process category and ‘oxidoreductase activity’ in the molecular function category by GO analysis. While ‘Starch and sucrose metabolism’, ‘Plant hormone signal transduction’ and ‘Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’ pathways were significantly enriched by KEGG analysis. The expression of MYC2 in JA, the ETR in Eth and, the SnRK2 and ABF in ABA signal transduction pathways were promoted, whereas expression of the PR1 in SA, JZA1 in JA, and ERF in Eth signal transduction pathways were inhibited. In addition, the transcripts that encode enzymes involved in the ‘Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’ pathway, such as PAL, CYP73A, CSE, 4CL, HTC, GSE and COMT were all inhibited showed by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR. This study provided basic information of strawberry responding to C. siamense infection.
DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analysis of endemic Astragalus nezaketiae and Vicia alpestris subsp. hypoleuca (Fabaceae): Evidence from nrDNA ITS and cpDNA matK and rbcL sequences
Authors: PAKSOY Mehmet Y. , SEVİNDİK Emre , BAŞKÖSE İsa
Published: September 2022

In this study, we performed DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analysis using one nuclear (ITS) and two chloroplast DNA regions (matK and rbcL) of endemic Astragalus nezaketiae A. Duran & Aytaçand Vicia alpestris Stev. subsp. hypoleuca (Boiss.) Davis taxa in Turkey. PCR reactions were performed using universal primers. Sequences of the PCR products were edited using BioEdit and FinchTV software and contigs were obtained. All contigs were Blasted at NCBI and similarities were analysed. Using the MEGA 6.0 program, maximum likelihood trees were constructed including some sequences retrieved from NCBI. For Astragalus nezaketiae; in the ITS analysis, Astragalus nezaketiae appeared separately from other species, and for matK, Astragalus nezaketiae appeared together with Astragalus cicer L. However, rbcL tree was polytomic. For Vicia alpestris subsp. hypoleuca; in ITS, rbcL and matK results Vicia alpestris subsp. hypoleuca were found together with Vicia cracca L., Vicia benghalensis L. and Vicia villosa Roth species. Analysis of the combined data revealed similar results with all barcode regions for Vicia alpestris subsp. hypoleuca while different phylogenetic results were obtained for Astragalus nezaketiae.
Journalistic ethics and persuasive communication in the face of post-truth: credibility in the face of the challenges of Social Networks
Authors: Ballesteros-Aguayo Lucia , Ruiz del Olmo Francisco Javier , Gutiérrez-Lozano Juan Francisco
Published: September 2022

The issue of post-truth and the disinformation that goes with it poses serious risks to the ethical principles of journalism. In this sense, the work of journalists is essential to ensure the establishment of democratic societies and free citizens through their commitment to the truth of the facts. The processes carried out by certain political actors such as Putin in the war in Ukraine in 2022, Trump in the US elections in 2020, the multiplication of destabilising messages related to COVID-19 coming from countries such as Turkey or China, promote the urgency of rethinking the deontology of journalism professionals in today's information society. This work brings together the most recent research on the work of journalists in the current information landscape -especially in social media- and allows us to delimit transcendental phenomena for the development of quality journalism, such as post-truth, false information and disinformation, all of this in relation to persuasive communication and the emotional aspects inherent on many occasions to these processes of distortion and falsification of reality. The conclusions point to the main challenges facing the journalism of the future as it seeks to counteract the effects of post-truth, while analysing a business management model for news organisations that must necessarily be reinvented. The opportunities for improvement lie in the development of critical thinking, a firm commitment to professional ethics and investment in media literacy among users.
Amiais in Second Life™: the use of metaverse environments to disseminate Cultural Heritage
Authors: Gonçalves Liliana , Martins Dalila , Amaro Ana Carla , Oliveira Lídia
Published: September 2022

Amiais is a small Portuguese village located in the Aveiro district. It is also a virtual village available in Second Life™. The recreation of Amiais in the metaverse is a part of the LOCUS project, which intends to use digital platforms to promote and disseminate local cultural heritage. Thus, a playful narrative was developed to explore the virtual territory and share cultural aspects of Amiais. The research presented in this article tested the users' response to the narrative, their immersive learning about cultural heritage, and the convergence between virtual and real territories. Users engaged with the narrative, interacted with the characters and scenario elements, and got curious about knowing the real territory after the virtual experience. The results confirm that using a metaverse with playful narratives and interaction encourages learning cultural heritage.
Fatores preditivos de mortalidade em pacientes com fratura de pelve e instabilidade hemodinâmica submetidos ao tamponamento extraperitoneal de pelve
Authors: FONSECA VINICIUS CORDEIRO , MENEGOZZO CARLOS AUGUSTO METIDIERI , CARDOSO JULIANA MYNSSEN DA FONSECA , BERNINI CELSO OLIVEIRA , UTIYAMA EDIVALDO MASSAZO , POGGETTI RENATO SÉRGIO
Published: September 2022

RESUMO Introdução: nas últimas décadas, tem sido difundida a técnica de tamponamento pélvico extraperitoneal, porém ainda existem poucos estudos. Decidiu-se analisar os resultados do tamponamento extraperitoneal de pelve, em pacientes com fratura pélvica e choque, com objetivo de identificar fatores preditivos de mortalidade. Métodos: foi realizada revisão do prontuário dos pacientes submetidos ao tamponamento extraperitoneal de pelve. Foram analisadas as características dos pacientes, dados do atendimento pré-hospitalar e na sala de emergência, classificação da fratura, presença de lesões associadas, exames laboratoriais e de imagem, dados relativos ao tamponamento, e outros procedimentos realizados, complicações, parâmetros hemodinâmicos e quantidade de hemoderivados transfudidos. Resultados: foram analisados os dados de 51 pacientes, com sinais de choque desde o atendimento pré-hospitalar, presença de acidose, elevado déficit de bases e lactato arterial. Houve alta prevalência de lesões graves associadas, requerendo múltiplos procedimentos cirúrgicos. A incidência de coagulopatia foi 70,58% e mortalidade 56,86%. O grupo de pacientes não sobreviventes apresentou idade e intubação orotraqueal pré-hospitalar maiores, e escores na escala de coma de Glasgow menores (p<0,05). O mesmo grupo apresentou, antes e após o tamponamento extraperitoneal de pelve, parâmetros hemodinâmicos menores de pressão arterial média, pH, déficit de bases e hemoglobina, e maior de lactato arterial (p<0,05). O grupo de pacientes não sobreviventes recebeu mais concentrados de hemácias, plasma fresco congelado e concentrado de plaquetas nas 24h seguintes ao tamponamento extraperitoneal de pelve (p<0,05). Conclusão: idade e o excesso de bases são fatores preditivos independentes de mortalidade em pacientes submetidos ao tamponamento extraperitoneal de pelve.