bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-Phase Flows with Bulk–Surface Interaction: Thermodynamically Consistent Navier–Stokes–Cahn–Hilliard Models with Dynamic Boundary Conditions
Authors: Giorgini Andrea , Knopf Patrik
Published: June 2023

We derive a novel thermodynamically consistent Navier–Stokes–Cahn–Hilliard system with dynamic boundary conditions. This model describes the motion of viscous incompressible binary fluids with different densities. In contrast to previous models in the literature, our new model allows for surface diffusion, a variable contact angle between the diffuse interface and the boundary, and mass transfer between bulk and surface. In particular, this transfer of material is subject to a mass conservation law including both a bulk and a surface contribution. The derivation is carried out by means of local energy dissipation laws and the Lagrange multiplier approach. Next, in the case of fluids with matched densities, we show the existence of global weak solutions in two and three dimensions as well as the uniqueness of weak solutions in two dimensions.
Melanose der Harnblase – eine Rarität
Authors: Hagmann S. , Born D. , Schmid H. P. , Rührup J.
Published: June 2023

Die Melanose der Harnblase ist eine äußerst seltene, gutartige Erscheinung, bei der es zu Melaninablagerungen in den Urothel- und Stromazellen kommt. Wir berichten über einen solchen Fall, bei dem im Rahmen einer erweiterten Abklärung aufgrund einer Drangsymptomatik bei einer 55-jährigen Patientin mit bekannter multipler Sklerose eine Melanose der Harnblase festgestellt wurde. Der Befund wurde mittels einer Biopsie bestätigt.
Image-based phenomic prediction can provide valuable decision support in wheat breeding
Authors: Roth Lukas , Fossati Dario , Krähenbühl Patrick , Walter Achim , Hund Andreas
Published: June 2023

Key message

Genotype-by-environment interactions of secondary traits based on high-throughput field phenotyping are less complex than those of target traits, allowing for a phenomic selection in unreplicated early generation trials.

Traditionally, breeders’ selection decisions in early generations are largely based on visual observations in the field. With the advent of affordable genome sequencing and high-throughput phenotyping technologies, enhancing breeders’ ratings with such information became attractive. In this research, it is hypothesized that G$$\times$$
×
E interactions of secondary traits (i.e., growth dynamics’ traits) are less complex than those of related target traits (e.g., yield). Thus, phenomic selection (PS) may allow selecting for genotypes with beneficial response-pattern in a defined population of environments. A set of 45 winter wheat varieties was grown at 5 year-sites and analyzed with linear and factor-analytic (FA) mixed models to estimate G$$\times$$
×
E interactions of secondary and target traits. The dynamic development of drone-derived plant height, leaf area and tiller density estimations was used to estimate the timing of key stages, quantities at defined time points and temperature dose–response curve parameters. Most of these secondary traits and grain protein content showed little G$$\times$$
×
E interactions. In contrast, the modeling of G$$\times$$
×
E for yield required a FA model with two factors. A trained PS model predicted overall yield performance, yield stability and grain protein content with correlations of 0.43, 0.30 and 0.34. While these accuracies are modest and do not outperform well-trained GS models, PS additionally provided insights into the physiological basis of target traits. An ideotype was identified that potentially avoids the negative pleiotropic effects between yield and protein content.
Physical Functioning in Patients with a Recent Fracture: The “Can Do, Do Do” Framework Applied to Explore Physical Capacity, Physical Activity and Fall Risk Factors
Authors: Schene M. R. , Meijer K. , Cheung D. , Willems H. C. , Driessen J. H. M. , Vranken L. , van den Bergh J. P. , Wyers C. E.
Published: June 2023

Physical capacity (PC) and physical activity (PA) are associated physical performance measures, and combined, PC and PA are used to categorize physical performance in the “can do, do do” framework. We aimed to explore physical performance of patients attending the fracture liaison service (FLS). In this cross-sectional study, PC was measured by 6-min-walking-test (can’t do/can do) and PA by accelerometer (don’t do/do do). Following quadrants were defined based on predefined cut-off scores for poor performance: (1) “can’t do, don’t do”; (2) “can do, don’t do”; (3) “can’t do, do do”; (4) “can do, do do”. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated and fall and fracture risk factors were assessed between quadrants. Physical performance of 400 fracture patients was assessed (mean age 64; female 70.8%). Patients performed as follows: 8.3% “can’t do, don’t do”; 3.0% “can do, don’t do”; 19.3% “can’t do, do do”; 69.5% “can do, do do”. For the “can’t do” group the OR for low PA was 9.76 (95% CI: 4.82–19.80). Both the “can’t do, don’t do” and “can’t do, do do” group differed significantly compared to the “can do, do do” group on several fall and fracture risk factors and had lower physical performance. The “can do, do do” framework is able to identify fracture patients with an impaired physical performance. Of all FLS patients 20% “can’t do, but “do do” while having a high prevalence of fall risk factors compared to persons that “can do, do do”, which may indicate this group is prone to fall.
Atrial Septal Defect: Larger Right Ventricular Dimensions and Atrial Volumes as Early as in the First Month After Birth—a Case–Control Study Including 716 Neonates
Authors: Dehn Anna Maria , Dannesbo Sofie , Sellmer Anna , Høffner Line , Blixenkrone-Møller Elisabeth , Sillesen Anne-Sophie , Raja Anna Axelsson , Vejlstrup Niels , Iversen Kasper , Bundgaard Henning , Hjortdal Vibeke
Published: June 2023

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is characterized by a left-to-right shunt causing dilatation of the right atrium and right ventricle as well as pulmonary hyperperfusion. The detection of ASDs often occurs late in childhood or adulthood. Little is known about cardiac structure and function in neonates with ASD.

We analyzed neonatal echocardiograms from the Copenhagen Baby Heart Study, a multicenter, population-based cohort study of 27,595 neonates. We included 716 neonates with secundum-type ASDs and matched them 1:1 on sex and age at examination with neonates without ASD from the same birth cohort. Neonates with an ASD (median age 11 days, 52% female) had larger right ventricular (RV) dimensions than matched controls (RV longitudinal dimension end-diastole: 27.7 mm vs. 26.7 mm, p < 0.001; RV basal dimension end-diastole: 14.9 mm vs. 13.8 mm, p < 0.001; and RV outflow tract diameter 13.6 mm vs. 12.4 mm, p < 0.001). Atrial volumes were larger in neonates with ASD compared to controls (right atrial end-systolic volume: 2.9 ml vs. 2.1 ml, p < 0.001; and left atrial end-systolic volume 2.0 ml vs. 1.8 ml, p < 0.001). Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was larger in neonates with ASD than in controls (10.2 mm vs. 9.6 mm, p < 0.001). Left ventricular dimensions and function did not differ between neonates with ASD and controls. In conclusion, ASDs were associated with altered cardiac dimensions already in the neonatal period, with larger right ventricular dimensions and larger atrial volumes at echocardiography within the first 30 days after birth.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02753348 (April 27, 2016).
Fast high-quality MRI protocol of the lumbar spine with deep learning-based algorithm: an image quality and scanning time comparison with standard protocol
Authors: Zerunian Marta , Pucciarelli Francesco , Caruso Damiano , De Santis Domenico , Polici Michela , Masci Benedetta , Nacci Ilaria , Del Gaudio Antonella , Argento Giuseppe , Redler Andrea , Laghi Andrea
Published: June 2023

Objective

The objective of this study is to prospectively compare quantitative and subjective image quality, scanning time, and diagnostic confidence between a new deep learning-based reconstruction(DLR) algorithm and standard MRI protocol of lumbar spine.

Materials and methods

Eighty healthy volunteers underwent 1.5T MRI examination of lumbar spine from September 2021 to May 2023. Protocol acquisition comprised sagittal T1- and T2-weighted fast spin echo and short-tau inversion recovery images and axial multislices T2-weighted fast spin echo images. All sequences were acquired with both DLR algorithm and standard protocols. Two radiologists, blinded to the reconstruction technique, performed quantitative and qualitative image quality analysis in consensus reading; diagnostic confidence was also assessed. Quantitative image quality analysis was assessed by calculating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Qualitative image quality analysis and diagnostic confidence were assessed with a five-point Likert scale. Scanning times were also compared.

Results

DLR SNR was higher in all sequences (all p<0.001). CNR of the DLR was superior to conventional dataset only for axial and sagittal T2-weighted fast spin echo images (p<0.001). Qualitative analysis showed DLR had higher overall quality in all sequences (all p<0.001), with an inter-rater agreement of 0.83 (0.78–0.86).

DLR total protocol scanning time was lower compared to standard protocol (6:26 vs 12:59 min, p<0.001).

Diagnostic confidence for DLR algorithm was not inferior to standard protocol.

Conclusion

DLR applied to 1.5T MRI is a feasible method for lumbar spine imaging providing morphologic sequences with higher image quality and similar diagnostic confidence compared with standard protocol, enabling a remarkable time saving (up to 50%).
Real-world efficacy and safety of TACE plus camrelizumab and apatinib in patients with HCC (CHANCE2211): a propensity score matching study
Authors: Jin Zhi-Cheng , Zhong Bin-Yan , Chen Jian-Jian , Zhu Hai-Dong , Sun Jun-Hui , Yin Guo-Wen , Ge Nai-Jian , Luo Biao , Ding Wen-Bin , Li Wen-Hui , Chen Li , Wang Yu-Qing , Zhu Xiao-Li , Yang Wei-Zhu , Li Hai-Liang , Teng Gao-Jun ,   for the CHANCE Investigators
Published: June 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus camrelizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting programmed death-1, and apatinib for patients with intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a real-world setting.

Methods

A total of 586 HCC patients treated with either TACE plus camrelizumab and apatinib (combination group, n = 107) or TACE monotherapy (monotherapy group, n = 479) were included retrospectively. Propensity score matching analysis was used to match patients. The overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and safety in the combination group were described in comparison to monotherapy.

Results

After propensity score matching (1:2), 84 patients in the combination group were matched to 147 patients in the monotherapy group. The median age was 57 years and 71/84 (84.5%) patients were male in the combination group, while the median age was 57 years with 127/147 (86.4%) male in the monotherapy group. The median OS, PFS, and ORR in the combination group were significantly higher than those in the monotherapy group (median OS, 24.1 vs. 15.7 months, p = 0.008; median PFS, 13.5 vs. 7.7 months, p = 0.003; ORR, 59.5% [50/84] vs. 37.4% [55/147], p = 0.002). On multivariable Cox regression, combination therapy was associated with significantly better OS (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26–0.64; p < 0.001) and PFS (adjusted HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37–0.74; p < 0.001). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 14/84 (16.7%) and 12/147 (8.2%) in the combination and monotherapy groups, respectively.

Conclusions

TACE plus camrelizumab and apatinib showed significantly better OS, PFS, and ORR versus TACE monotherapy for predominantly advanced HCC.

Clinical relevance statement

Compared with TACE monotherapy, TACE plus immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy showed better clinical efficacy for predominantly advanced HCC patients, with a higher incidence of adverse events.

Key Points

• This propensity score–matched study demonstrates that TACE plus immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy have a longer OS, PFS, and ORR compared with TACE monotherapy in HCC.

• Grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 14/84 (16.7%) patients treated with TACE plus immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy compared with 12/147 (8.2%) patients in the monotherapy group, while no grade 5 adverse events were observed in all cohorts.
A T-cell antigen atlas for meningioma: novel options for immunotherapy
Authors: Medici Gioele , Freudenmann Lena K. , Velz Julia , Wang Sophie Shih-Yüng , Kapolou Konstantina , Paramasivam Nagarajan , Mühlenbruch Lena , Kowalewski Daniel J. , Vasella Flavio , Bilich Tatjana , Frey Beat M. , Dubbelaar Marissa L. , Patterson Angelica Brooke , Zeitlberger Anna Maria , Silginer Manuela , Roth Patrick , Weiss Tobias , Wirsching Hans-Georg , Krayenbühl Niklaus , Bozinov Oliver , Regli Luca , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Rushing Elisabeth Jane , Sahm Felix , Walz Juliane S. , Weller Michael , Neidert Marian C.
Published: June 2023

Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors. Although most symptomatic cases can be managed by surgery and/or radiotherapy, a relevant number of patients experience an unfavorable clinical course and additional treatment options are needed. As meningiomas are often perfused by dural branches of the external carotid artery, which is located outside the blood–brain barrier, they might be an accessible target for immunotherapy. However, the landscape of naturally presented tumor antigens in meningioma is unknown. We here provide a T-cell antigen atlas for meningioma by in-depth profiling of the naturally presented immunopeptidome using LC–MS/MS. Candidate target antigens were selected based on a comparative approach using an extensive immunopeptidome data set of normal tissues. Meningioma-exclusive antigens for HLA class I and II are described here for the first time. Top-ranking targets were further functionally characterized by showing their immunogenicity through in vitro T-cell priming assays. Thus, we provide an atlas of meningioma T-cell antigens which will be publicly available for further research. In addition, we have identified novel actionable targets that warrant further investigation as an immunotherapy option for meningioma.
A typology of cerebral small vessel disease based on imaging markers
Authors: Sperber Christoph , Hakim Arsany , Gallucci Laura , Seiffge David , Rezny-Kasprzak Beata , Jäger Eugen , Meinel Thomas , Wiest Roland , Fischer Urs , Arnold Marcel , Umarova Roza
Published: June 2023

Background

Lacunes, microbleeds, enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are brain imaging features of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Based on these imaging markers, we aimed to identify subtypes of SVD and to evaluate the validity of these markers as part of clinical ratings and as biomarkers for stroke outcome.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, we examined 1207 first-ever anterior circulation ischemic stroke patients (mean age 69.1 ± 15.4 years; mean NIHSS 5.3 ± 6.8). On acute stroke MRI, we assessed the numbers of lacunes and microbleeds and rated EPVS and deep and periventricular WMH. We used unsupervised learning to cluster patients based on these variables.

Results

We identified five clusters, of which the last three appeared to represent distinct late stages of SVD. The two largest clusters had no to only mild or moderate WMH and EPVS, respectively, and favorable stroke outcome. The third cluster was characterized by the largest number of lacunes and a likewise favorable outcome. The fourth cluster had the highest age, most pronounced WMH, and poor outcome. Showing the worst outcome, the fifth cluster presented pronounced microbleeds and the most severe SVD burden.

Conclusion

The study confirmed the existence of different SVD types with different relationships to stroke outcome. EPVS and WMH were identified as imaging features of presumably early progression. The number of microbleeds and WMH severity appear to be promising biomarkers for distinguishing clinical subgroups. Further understanding of SVD progression might require consideration of refined SVD features, e.g., for EPVS and type of lacunes.
A distributed and energy-efficient KNN for EEG classification with dynamic money-saving policy in heterogeneous clusters
Authors: Escobar Juan José , Rodríguez Francisco , Prieto Beatriz , Kimovski Dragi , Ortiz Andrés , Damas Miguel
Published: June 2023

Due to energy consumption’s increasing importance in recent years, energy-time efficiency is a highly relevant objective to address in High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems, where cost significantly impacts the tasks executed. Among these tasks, classification problems are considered due to their great computational complexity, which is sometimes aggravated when processing high-dimensional datasets. In addition, implementing efficient applications for high-performance systems is not an easy task since hardware must be considered to maximize performance, especially on heterogeneous platforms with multi-core CPUs. Thus, this article proposes an efficient distributed K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) for Electroencephalogram (EEG) classification that uses minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR) as a feature selection technique to reduce the dimensionality of the dataset. The approach implements an energy policy that can stop or resume the execution of the program based on the cost per Megawatt. Since the procedure is based on the master-worker scheme, the performance of three different workload distributions is also analyzed to identify which one is more suitable according to the experimental conditions. The proposed approach outperforms the classification results obtained by previous works that use the same dataset. It achieves a speedup of 74.53 when running on a multi-node heterogeneous cluster, consuming only 13.38% of the energy consumed by the sequential version. Moreover, the results show that financial costs can be reduced when energy policy is activated and the importance of developing efficient methods, proving that energy-aware computing is necessary for sustainable computing.
Applying video motion magnification to reveal spontaneous tympanic membrane displacement as an indirect measure of intracranial pressure in patients with brain pathologies
Authors: Uryga Agnieszka , Kazimierska Agnieszka , Popek Mateusz , Dragan Barbara , Burzyńska Małgorzata , Masalski Marcin , Kasprowicz Magdalena
Published: June 2023

Background

The observation of tympanic membrane displacement (TMD) opens up the possibility of indirect intracranial pressure (ICP) estimation. In this study, we applied a phase-based video motion magnification (VMM) algorithm to reveal spontaneous pulse TMD waveforms (spTMD) and compare them with invasively measured ICP in patients with intracranial pathologies.

Methods

Nine adults (six traumatic brain injury and three aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage; median age 44 (29–53) years admitted to the intensive care unit of Wroclaw Medical University between October 2021 and October 2022 with implanted ICP sensors were included in this retrospective study. Video recordings of the tympanic membrane were performed using a portable otoscope with a video camera and analysed by a custom-written VMM algorithm. ICP was monitored using intraparenchymal sensors and arterial blood pressure (ABP) was measured in the radial arterial lines. ICP, ABP, and spTMD videos were captured simultaneously. The pulse amplitudes of ICP (Amp_ICP), ABP (Amp_ABP) and spTMD (Amp_spTMD) were estimated using fast Fourier transform within the heart rate (HR)–related frequency range.

Results

Amp_spTMD was significantly correlated with mean ICP (rS = 0.73; p = 0.025) and with Amp_ICP (rS = 0.88; p = 0.002). Age was not a significant moderator of this association. There were no significant relationships between Amp_spTMD and either mean ABP, HR, or Amp_ABP.

Conclusions

The study suggests that Amp_spTMD increases with the increase in mean ICP and Amp_ICP. Estimation of Amp_spTMD using the VMM algorithm has the potential to allow for non-invasive detection of the risk of elevated ICP; however, further investigation in a larger group of patients is required.
Fundamental theorem of asset pricing with acceptable risk in markets with frictions
Authors: Arduca Maria , Munari Cosimo
Published: June 2023

We study the range of prices at which a rational agent should contemplate transacting a financial contract outside a given market. Trading is subject to nonproportional transaction costs and portfolio constraints, and full replication by way of market instruments is not always possible. Rationality is defined in terms of consistency with market prices and acceptable risk thresholds. We obtain a direct and a dual description of market-consistent prices with acceptable risk. The dual characterisation requires an appropriate extension of the classical fundamental theorem of asset pricing where the role of arbitrage opportunities is played by good deals, i.e., costless investment opportunities with acceptable risk–reward tradeoff. In particular, we highlight the importance of scalable good deals, i.e., investment opportunities that are good deals regardless of their volume.
Implied volatility smoothing at COVID-19 times
Authors: Vitali Sebastiano , Kopa Miloš , Giana Gabriele
Published: June 2023

This work aims at studying the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the global financial markets. In particular, such impact is analysed through the changes of the shape of the implied volatility smile of the options written on several equity indexes and on several stocks. The implied volatility function is estimated using the market-based information of liquid options and applying a semi-parametric smoothing technique that exploits a kernel function and no-arbitrage conditions. Such approach is applied to an extensive set of data to study the evolution of the implied volatility functions through the months of the pandemic. We show, in several cases, a sudden and massive change in the shape of the implied volatility functions.
Easier said than defined? Conceptualising justice in food system transitions
Authors: de Bruin Annemarieke , de Boer Imke J.M. , Faber Niels R. , de Jong Gjalt , Termeer Katrien J.A.M. , de Olde Evelien M.
Published: June 2023

The transition towards sustainable and just food systems is ongoing, illustrated by an increasing number of initiatives that try to address unsustainable practices and social injustices. Insights are needed into what a just transition entails in order to critically engage with plural and potentially conflicting justice conceptualisations. Researchers play an active role in food system transitions, but it is unclear which conceptualisations and principles of justice they enact when writing about food system initiatives. To fill this gap this paper investigates: Which conceptualisations of justice emerge from the literature related to food system initiatives and which principles of justice do authors use? We developed an initial framework for which we drew on political philosophy literature. We then undertook an extensive review of the food system transitions literature using this framework and were able to identify a range of recognition, distributive, and procedural justice conceptualisations and associated principles of justice. Recognised as subjects of justice were those with a particular role in the food system, people who are marginalised, Indigenous communities, those with experiences of negative consequences of the food system, future generations, and nonhumans. The identified conceptualisations and the developed framework can be used by those involved in food system initiatives to reflect on how they conceptualise justice. We challenge them to be more explicit about who they do and do not recognise as subjects of justice and which principles of justice they use. Such clarity is needed to reflexively enact a just transition towards sustainable and just food systems.
Caring animals and the ways we wrong them
Authors: Benz-Schwarzburg Judith , Wrage Birte
Published: June 2023

Many nonhuman animals have the emotional capacities to form caring relationships that matter to them, and for their immediate welfare. Drawing from care ethics, we argue that these relationships also matter as objectively valuable states of affairs. They are part of what is good in this world. However, the value of care is precarious in human-animal interactions. Be it in farming, research, wildlife ‘management’, zoos, or pet-keeping, the prevention, disruption, manipulation, and instrumentalization of care in animals by humans is ubiquitous. We criticize a narrow conception of welfare that, in practice, tends to overlook non-experiential forms of harm that occur when we interfere with caring animals. Additionally, we point out wrongs against caring animals that are not just unaccounted for but denied by even an expansive welfare perspective: The instrumentalization of care and caring animals in systems of use can occur as a harmless wrong that an approach purely focused on welfare may, in fact, condone. We should therefore adopt an ethical perspective that goes beyond welfare in our dealings with caring animals.
Arsenic toxicity to earthworms in soils of historical As mining sites: an assessment based on various endpoints and chemical extractions
Authors: Karczewska Anna , Gruss Iwona , Szopka Katarzyna , Dradrach Agnieszka , Twardowski Jacek , Twardowska Kamila
Published: June 2023

Eisenia fetidais an earthworm species often used to assess the toxicity of contaminants in soils. Several studies indicated that its response can be unpredictable because it depends both on total concentrations of contaminants and also on their forms that differ in susceptibility to be released from soil solid phase. The issue is complex because two various uptake routes are concurrently involved, dermal and ingestion in guts, where the bioavailability of contaminants can considerably change. The aim of this study was to analyze the toxicity of arsenic (As) in various strongly contaminated meadow and forest soils, representative for former As mining and processing area, to earthwormsE. fetidaand its accumulation in their bodies. An attempt was made to find relationships between the response of earthworms and chemical extractability of As. In the bioassay, carried out according to the standard ISO protocol, different endpoints were applied: earthworm survival, fecundity measured by the numbers of juveniles and cocoons, earthworm weight and As accumulation in the bodies. The results proved thatE. fetidacan tolerate extremely high total As concentrations in soils, such as 8000 mg/kg, however, the individual endpoints were not correlated and showed different patterns. The most sensitive one was the number of juveniles. No particular soil factor was identified that would indicate an exceptionally high As susceptibility to the release from one of soils, however, we have demonstrated that the sum of non-specifically and specifically bound As (i.e. fractions F1 + F2 in sequential extraction according to Wenzel) could be a good chemical indicator of arsenic toxicity to soil invertebrates.
Tail processes and tail measures: An approach via Palm calculus
Authors: Last Günter
Published: June 2023

Using an intrinsic approach, we study some properties of random fields which appear as tail fields of regularly varying stationary random fields. The index set is allowed to be a general locally compact Hausdorff Abelian group $${\mathbb G}$$
G
. The values are taken in a measurable cone, equipped with a pseudo norm. We first discuss some Palm formulas for the exceedance random measure $$\xi$$
ξ
associated with a stationary (measurable) random field $$Y=(Y_s)_{s\in {\mathbb G}}$$

Y
=

(

Y
s

)

s
∈
G

. It is important to allow the underlying stationary measure to be $$\sigma$$
σ
-finite. Then we proceed to a random field (defined on a probability space) which is spectrally decomposable, in a sense which is motivated by extreme value theory. We characterize mass-stationarity of the exceedance random measure in terms of a suitable version of the classical Mecke equation. We also show that the associated stationary measure is homogeneous, that is a tail measure. We then proceed with establishing and studying the spectral representation of stationary tail measures and with characterizing a moving shift representation. Finally we discuss anchoring maps and the candidate extremal index.
Till taxes keep us apart? The impact of the marriage tax on the marriage rate
Authors: Myohl Nadia
Published: June 2023

Married couples can face a higher or lower tax burden than cohabitating couples with the same income when the former are taxed as one unit. I study the effect of such joint income taxation on the marriage rate in Switzerland, where tax differentials between married and cohabitating couples vary considerably across cantons. For this purpose, I construct a dataset containing sociodemographic and -economic variables on every individual living in Switzerland and use household-level information to identify cohabitating couples. Using a simulated instrumental variable approach, I find a negative impact of joint income taxation on the marriage rate for couples married between 2012 and 2019. The effect is driven by households without children and from the lower end of the income distribution.
Graph derivative indices interpretation from the quantum mechanics perspective
Authors: Vivas-Reyes Ricardo , Martínez-Santiago Oscar , Marrero-Ponce Yovani
Published: June 2023

This contribution examines the interpretation of the Graph Derivative Indices (GDIs) from the Quantum Mechanics (QM) perspective and its relation with the Hückel molecular orbital (HMO) method. The different elements used for calculating Graph Discrete Derivatives over atom-pairs are related to the QM integrals appearing in the Hückel Determinant. The relation between the Coulomb and Resonance Integrals was estimated by the topological way and quantitative values for resonance energies were calculated. Some GDI calculations were performed to the topological interpretation of the aromaticity, expressing the frequencies as probabilities. Starting from topological interpretation for aromaticity, GDI calculations were performed. There is the possibility of expressing the frequencies as probabilities. It allows explaining the atypical formation of cyclobutadiene from the entropic point of view. Considering this hypothesis, experimental resonance energies for 14 molecules were correlated with GDI-topological resonance energies by the same structures. Taking into consideration the regularity and coherence stablished in experiments performed with the GDIs, it is possible to assure that GDIs have interpretations in QM terms.
Hybrid modeling of a multidimensional coupled nonlinear system with integration of Hamiltonian mechanics
Authors: Abbasi Amirhassan , Kambali Prashant N. , Nataraj C.
Published: June 2023

This study concerns hybrid modeling of a multidimensional coupled nonlinear system. The underlying basis for the model is derived from Hamiltonian mechanics capitalizing on the broad utility and efficiency of energy-based reasoning in modeling high-dimensional systems. The hybrid model is essentially an artificial neural network with a computational graph that is modified from conventional neural networks in a few significant ways. The first modification includes incorporating an intermediate scalar function representing the Hamiltonian learned from data. The second modification enhances input/output channels for capturing the multidimensional dynamics of the system. The main goal of such hybrid reasoning is to improve the extrapolation capability of the model by enforcing conformance with some key aspects of the underlying physics in the form of a bias. The results demonstrate that incorporating this physics-based bias into the hybrid model empowers it to produce long-term and physically plausible predictions. The proposed modeling approach also shows high scalability for energy-based modeling of multidimensional dynamic systems in general.
Inexact free derivative quasi-Newton method for large-scale nonlinear system of equations
Authors: Arias C. A. , Gómez C.
Published: June 2023

In this work, we propose a free derivative quasi-Newton method for solving large-scale nonlinear systems of equation. We introduce a two-stage linear search direction and develop its global convergence theory. Besides, we prove that the method enjoys superlinear convergence rate. Finally, numerical experiments illustrate that the proposed method is competitive with respect to Newton-Krylov methods and other well-known methods for solving large-scale nonlinear systems of equations.
High relative accuracy through Newton bases
Authors: Mainar E. , Peña J. M. , Rubio B.
Published: June 2023

Bidiagonal factorizations for the change of basis matrices between monomial and Newton polynomial bases are obtained. The total positivity of these matrices is characterized in terms of the sign of the nodes of the Newton bases. It is shown that computations to high relative accuracy for algebraic problems related to these matrices can be achieved whenever the nodes have the same sign. Stirling matrices can be considered particular cases of these matrices, and then computations to high relative accuracy for collocation and Wronskian matrices of Touchard polynomial bases can be obtained. The performed numerical experimentation confirms the accurate solutions obtained when solving algebraic problems using the proposed factorizations, for instance, for the calculation of their eigenvalues, singular values, and inverses, as well as the solution of some linear systems of equations associated with these matrices.
Service Coordination in Early Childhood Home Visiting: a Multiple-Case Study
Authors: Correll Leeya , West Allison , Duggan Anne K. , Gruss Kelsey , Minkovitz Cynthia S.
Published: June 2023

Early childhood home visiting is a preventive service delivery strategy that aims to promote child and parent health, positive parenting, child development and school readiness, and family economic self-sufficiency. To meet families’ needs, programs provide a combination of direct services, and referrals and linkages to community-based services. Service coordination is therefore a critical component of home visiting’s role within the early childhood system of care. This multiple-case study describes facilitators and barriers to service coordination, as identified by home visiting program staff and families. We interviewed program managers, supervisors, home visitors, and families from four local home visiting programs in the eastern USA with diverse contextual characteristics that showed evidence of having strong coordination. Using multiple-case study methodology, we analyzed the data to understand key facilitators and barriers to service coordination for each case and identify and describe common themes across cases. Facilitators included interagency relationships and collaboration; a culture of teamwork; dedicated, well-connected staff; supervision; trusting relationships with families; and warm handoffs. Barriers to service coordination were limited availability and accessibility of local resources, perceived stigma among other service providers, and families’ ambivalence toward some services. Home visiting staff and families emphasized that relationships at multiple levels are fundamental to service coordination, barriers are complex, and coordination is time- and labor-intensive. Coalitions that bring together diverse stakeholder groups at the state and local levels can provide meaningful coordination support to the early childhood services.
Beyond Income and Inequality: The Role of Socio-political Factors for Alleviating Energy Poverty in Europe
Authors: Certomà Chiara , Corsini Filippo , Di Giacomo Marina , Guerrazzi Marco
Published: June 2023

In each country, the occurrence of energy poverty among resident households is usually related to low income and its unequal distribution. Like other manifestations of material deprivation, however, such a phenomenon is likely to be also correlated with some internal socio-political factors that allow its persistence by preventing effective solutions. In this paper, we build and analyse a dataset for European countries by assessing the role of the perceived quality of internal public governance on different measures of energy deprivation. Specifically, we rely on the Worldwide Governance Indicators provided by the World Bank and estimate an array of panel models. After controlling for income, income inequality, energy prices, and weather conditions, we find that high government effectiveness, good regulatory quality, widespread property rights, contract enforcement, and corruption control are significantly associated with lower energy poverty. In addition, we consider the policy implications of this broader perspective on energy deprivation.
Mapping of dressed and processed poultry products in Bangladesh: Identifying the food safety risks for policy intervention
Authors: Ferdous Jinnat , Uddin Md Helal , Mahmud Rashed , Hennessey Mathew , Al Sattar Abdullah , Das Gupta Suman , Gibson Justine S. , Alders Robyn , Henning Joerg , Fournié Guillaume , Hoque Md. Ahasanul
Published: June 2023

Bangladesh’s commercial poultry production is growing rapidly, including the commercial processing of poultry. This expansion of poultry processing plants is fueled by the belief that this sub-sector provides safer food and has less food-borne disease risks compared to traditional live bird markets (LBMs). The purpose of this study is to describe Bangladesh’s dressed and processed poultry production and distribution network (PDN), identify what and where quality control occurs, and suggest where improvements could be made. Engaging with PDN for dressed and processed poultry, we used in-depth interviews with key informants to identify the stakeholders involved and their connections with other poultry PDNs. In addition, we mapped out the supply and distribution of dressed and processed poultry and quality control processes occurring throughout the network. We argue that dressed and processed poultry PDNs are closely connected with traditional PDNs such as LBMs, with multiple crossover points between them. Also, there is a lack of consistency in quality control testing and a lack of meat traceability. Consequently, perceptions of dressed and processed poultry being safer than birds from LBMs needs to be treated with caution. Otherwise, unsubstantiated consumer confidence in dressed poultry may inadvertently increase the risk of food-borne diseases from these products.
Localization Pattern of Dispatched Homolog 2 (DISP2) in the Central and Enteric Nervous System
Authors: Heimke Marvin , Richter Florian , Heinze Tillmann , Kunke Madlen , Wedel Thilo , Böttner Martina , Egberts Jan-Hendrik , Lucius Ralph , Cossais François
Published: June 2023

Dispatched homolog (DISP) proteins have been implicated in the regulation of hedgehog signaling during embryologic development. Although DISP2 has recently been associated with neuronal development and control of cognitive functions, its localization pattern in the mammalian central and peripheral nervous system has not yet been investigated. In this study, the Disp2 expression profile was assessed in human tissues from publicly available transcriptomic datasets. The DISP2 localization pattern was further characterized in the human and rat central nervous system (CNS), as well as within the colonic enteric nervous system (ENS) using dual-label immunohistochemistry. Colocalization of DISP2 with neuronal and glial markers was additionally analyzed in murine primary ENS culture. At transcriptomic level, DISP2 expression was predominant in neuronal cell types of the CNS and ENS. DISP2 immunoreactivity was mainly located within PGP9.5-positive neurons rather than in S100-positive glial cells throughout the nervous system. Investigation of human and rat brain tissues, colonic specimens, and murine ENS primary cultures revealed that DISP2 was located in neuronal cell somata, as well as along neuronal processes both in the human and murine CNS and ENS. Our results indicate that DISP2 is prominently localized within neuronal cells of the CNS and ENS and support putative functions of DISP2 in these tissues.
Transgender Clinic: The Importance of a Diverse Medicine
Authors: Nieva-Posso Daniel Andrés , Arias-Castillo Liliana , García-Perdomo Herney Andrés
Published: June 2023

Medicine cannot be outside of the historical changes occurring in our society. The identity and sexual diversity of an individual is a critical aspects of their health. Creating inclusive units that allow access to health care for a population with different needs is the hallmark of improving their care.
Extension of the Practical Salinity Scale to Estimate Major Ion Concentrations: Application to the San Francisco Estuary
Authors: Hutton Paul H. , Roy Sujoy B.
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a novel approach to estimate major ion concentrations in estuaries from a known specific conductance. Assuming two-source conservative mixing at steady state, we propose an extension of the Practical Salinity Scale 1978 to estimate concentrations of major ions and total dissolved solids as functions of the conductivity ratio, which is the ratio of sample conductivity and seawater conductivity. We employ an extensive salinity data set that includes measurements of specific conductance and concentrations of major ions and total dissolved solids to demonstrate its validity and limitations for the San Francisco estuary. We show the proposed extension to be valid in waters influenced by seawater intrusion at specific conductance values greater than or equal to 0.25 mS/cm and propose adjusted model constants to account for ionic composition under less saline conditions. We observed evidence of seasonal bias in model residuals and hypothesize that this bias is related to the simplified assumption of fixed upstream end member concentrations. This finding of seasonal bias suggests that upstream end member concentrations are more reflective of high alkalinity freshwater contributions from December through June, compared to other months.
Identifying challenges in maintenance planning for on-demand UAM fleets using agent-based simulations
Authors: Sieb Patrick , Michelmann Johannes , Flöter Felix , Wicke Kai
Published: June 2023

The novel aircraft architectures for Urban Air Mobility (UAM), combined with pure on-demand operations, mean a significant change in aircraft operation and maintenance compared to traditional airliners. Future flight missions and related variables such as the aircraft position or utilisation are unknown for on-demand operation. Consequently, existing methods to optimise aircraft assignment and maintenance planning cannot be transferred. This study examines the behaviour of an aircraft fleet in an on-demand UAM transport system regarding the interlinking between operation and maintenance. Initially, a potential maintenance schedule for UAM vehicles is deduced. A transport and maintenance simulation is introduced where aircraft are modelled as agents servicing a simple network. As aircraft reach their maintenance intervals, they transfer to one of the maintenance bases and compete for that resource. Since that competition can result in avoidable waiting times, the maintenance costs are extended by running costs for the bases and opportunity costs for missed revenue during these waiting periods. Opportunity costs are cost drivers. To reduce the waiting times, two operational approaches are examined: Extending the opening hours of the maintenance facilities and checking the aircraft earlier to reduce simultaneous maintenance demand. While an extension of operating hours reduces the overall maintenance costs, the adjustment of tasks is more effective to lower waiting times. Thus, an improved system needs to use a combined approach. That combination results in overall maintenance costs of approximately $ 58 per flight hour of which about seven percent account for the opportunity costs.
Debtor-in-Possession Financing in Reorganisation Procedures: Regulatory Models and Proposals for Reform
Authors: Gurrea-Martinez Aurelio
Published: June 2023

A situation of insolvency hinders a firm’s ability to obtain external finance. As a result, viable but financially distressed firms might be unable to keep operating and pursuing value-creating investment projects. Consequently, value can be destroyed for debtors, creditors, employees, suppliers and society as a whole. To address this problem, several jurisdictions around the world have adopted a system of rescue or debtor-in-possession (‘DIP’) financing that seeks to encourage lenders to extend credit to viable but financially distressed firms. They do so by providing DIP lenders with different forms of priority that typically range from a basic administrative expense priority to the possibility of becoming a junior or, in some jurisdictions, even a senior secured creditor. After analysing the regulatory framework of DIP financing in more than 30 jurisdictions in Asia, Latin America, Europe, Africa and North America, this article shows that there are many similarities in the regulation of DIP financing around the world. Yet, there are also significant divergences, especially when it comes to the type of priority that DIP lenders can obtain as well as the system for the approval of DIP financing. The article concludes by examining the risks and costs potentially created by a DIP financing regime. It also discusses whether, and if so how, countries should adopt DIP financing provisions taking into account their legal, economic and institutional environment.
Beltrami fields exhibit knots and chaos almost surely
Authors: Enciso Alberto , Peralta-Salas Daniel , Romaniega Álvaro
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we show that, with probability

$1$

, a random Beltrami field exhibits chaotic regions that coexist with invariant tori of complicated topologies. The motivation to consider this question, which arises in the study of stationary Euler flows in dimension 3, is V.I. Arnold’s 1965 speculation that a typical Beltrami field exhibits the same complexity as the restriction to an energy hypersurface of a generic Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom. The proof hinges on the obtention of asymptotic bounds for the number of horseshoes, zeros and knotted invariant tori and periodic trajectories that a Gaussian random Beltrami field exhibits, which we obtain through a nontrivial extension of the Nazarov–Sodin theory for Gaussian random monochromatic waves and the application of different tools from the theory of dynamical systems, including Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser (KAM) theory, Melnikov analysis and hyperbolicity. Our results hold both in the case of Beltrami fields on

${\mathbb {R}}^3$

and of high-frequency Beltrami fields on the 3-torus.