bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative taxonomy of Anaporrhutum mundae sp. nov. (Trematoda: Gorgoderidae), a parasite of the Munda round ray Urotrygon munda (Urotrygonidae) in Costa Rica
Authors: Santoro Mario , López-Verdejo Alejandro , Angulo Arturo , Rojas Alicia , Cortés Jorge , Pacheco-Chaves Bernald , Solano-Barquero Alberto
Published: March 2024

A new species of trematode of anaporrhutine gorgoderid, from the gill chambers of the Munda round ray Urotrygon munda in Costa Rica is described, based on an integrative taxonomic approach that includes the use of light and scanning electron microscopy, ITS2 and 28S rDNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Anaporrhutum mundae sp. nov. can be distinguished from congeneric species by a combination of morphological traits and particularly by having the genital pore opening at the level of the intestinal bifurcation. The new species also can be distinguished from all other species of Anaporrhutum, except A. euzeti Curran, Blend & Overstreet, 2003, by having fewer testicular follicles per testis. Anaporrhutum mundae sp. nov. also differs from A. euzeti in its forebody shape and by having different morphology and location of the vitellaria. The study of the tegumental surface of A. mundae sp. nov., as revealed by scanning electron microscopy, allowed detection of new morphological characters for a member of Anaporrhutinae that may be of taxonomic value. These are: a stylet cavity dorsal to the oral sucker with a large penetration gland opening on each side of the cavity and small penetration gland openings located ventral to the stylet cavity, arranged in a circle around the mouth. This represents the first record of an Anaporrhutum species from Costa Rica. Further, A. mundae sp. nov. represents the first parasite described or reported in this host.
A note on Hodge–Tate spectral sequences
Authors: WU ZHIYOU
Published: March 2024

We prove that the Hodge–Tate spectral sequence of a proper smooth rigid analytic variety can be reconstructed from its infinitesimal
$\mathbb{B}_{\text{dR}}^+$
-cohomology through the Bialynicki–Birula map. We also give a new proof of the torsion-freeness of the infinitesimal
$\mathbb{B}_{\text{dR}}^+$
-cohomology independent of Conrad–Gabber spreading theorem, and a conceptual explanation that the degeneration of Hodge–Tate spectral sequences is equivalent to that of Hodge–de Rham spectral sequences.
What are the barriers to mental health support for racially-minoritised people within the UK? A systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Alam Shah , O’Halloran Sophie , Fowke Alex
Published: March 2024

In the United Kingdom (UK), racially-minoritised (non-White) people are more likely to have poorer health outcomes and greater difficulties with accessing healthcare (Dyer, 2019). People face individual and societal adversity that can affect their physical and mental wellbeing (Gibbons et al., 2012). There are clear mental health needs for racially-minoritised people, and we must go further in understanding the barriers to help to adequately meet the needs of diverse communities. The aim of this systematic review was to understand the barriers to accessing formal mental health support for racially-minoritised people within the UK. Qualitative empirical studies published between January 1970 to December 2020 were searched for using two databases: PsycINFO and Web of Science. Studies were searched for written in English, using a clinical or non-clinical population of adults with qualitative data collection and analysis methods. Database searches and reference mining gave a total of 283 studies, with 31 duplicates removed. Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria there were 15 final studies. A second researcher (S.O’H.) was used throughout, when selecting papers, quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist, coding and developing themes using thematic synthesis. The final four themes are ‘internal and external stigma’, ‘understanding of distress and coping’, ‘competence of professionals and services’ and ‘perception and accessibility’. There are various barriers making it harder for racially-minoritised people to access mental health support. Further research is needed with individual communities and action must be taken by commissioners, services, CBT practitioners, and others to eliminate barriers and improve mental health care.

Key learning aims

(1)

To better understand the barriers to accessing mental health services, including Talking Therapies, for racially-minoritised communities.

(2)

Low and high intensity CBT practitioners to better understand the factors that impact the wellbeing of racially-minoritised communities and how to better support different communities.

(3)

Consider how to address these barriers to accessing support such as Talking Therapies services, with implications for practice and policy development.
Spiritualität und Verbundenheit
Authors: Vogt Andreas
Published: March 2024

Was ist zum Thema bereits bekannt?

Viele Pflegemodelle würdigen Spiritualität als Ressource und als zentral zum Menschen gehörend.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Es werden Überlegungen eingebracht, was uns Pflegefachpersonen helfen kann, Menschen mit spirituellen und Sinnfragen professionell zu begleiten?

Was sind die Auswirkungen auf die Praxis?

Aufgrund der vielfältigen Anforderungen an die Pflege, können Kompetenzen im Bereich Spiritualität Pflegefachpersonen helfen, Menschen professionell zu begleiten
Seismically Informed Reference Models Enhance AI‐Based Earthquake Prediction Systems
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhan Chengxiang , Huang Qinghua , Sornette Didier
Published: March 2024

Given the robust nonlinear regression capabilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, its commendable performance in numerous geophysical tasks is expected. Yet, AI technology suffers from (a) its “black box” nature and (b) the fact that some complicated artificial neural networks (ANNs) claiming superior performance do not surpass some simple geophysical models that clearly describe the underlying physical processes. Numerous reports rely on standard machine learning metrics, often using a spatially uniform Poisson (SUP) distribution as their reference. A good performance just means that the artificial neural network (ANN) outperforms this basic reference, potentially offering little novelty to the scientific community. Worse, this can lead to spurious inference. We demonstrate this by using the monthly average human‐made Nighttime Light Map and the cumulative energy of earthquakes in various space‐time units as inputs for an Long short‐term memory model. The goal is to predict earthquakes with a magnitude of M ≥ 5.0 across the entire Chinese Mainland. With the SUP reference model, the ANN concludes that human‐made Nighttime Light possesses substantial earthquake prediction capability. This is evidently flawed reasoning. We show that this stems from the poor reference model and this spurious inference disappears when using a better benchmark consisting of a spatially varying Poisson (SVP) model informed from statistical seismology. This is implemented by weighting the punishments/rewards of our ANN associated with failed/successful predictions by prior probabilities provided by the stronger SVP model. Scores obtained with the time‐space Molchan diagram demonstrate the strong performance improvement obtained by training ANN with a better reference model.
Heavy‐Mineral Grain Counting: Counting Techniques, Error Estimation, and the Number of Grains to be Counted
Authors: Schönig Jan
Published: March 2024

Heavy‐mineral assemblages of sediments and sedimentary rocks record information regarding provenance, including the source rocks involved, tectonic setting, climatic conditions, and modifications from source to sink. Drawing conclusions on provenance and provenance changes requires robust quantification of individual heavy‐mineral species contents, including error estimates. Nevertheless, it is common practice to count sub‐quantities of grains from aliquots and not considering the bias introduced by (a) counting similar numbers of grains from aliquots containing different total numbers of grains, and (b) using variable counting methods. Consequently, reported heavy‐mineral contents estimated from counting sub‐quantities are affected by errors of unknown extent, making it infeasible to determine whether intra‐ or intersample variations are statistically significant. Based on 65 heavy‐mineral aliquots of variable grain size, mineral species contents, total number of grains, and known composition determined by counting all grains (n = 80,393), here >31 million countings of heavy‐mineral sub‐quantities are simulated using (a) ribbon counting with varying ribbon size, ribbon position, ribbon orientation, total number of counts, and ways of aggregating counts from multiple ribbons, and (b) a newly proposed counting technique called cluster counting. I show that (a) error estimation for a specific aliquot requires a finite population correction; (b) compared to adjacent ribbons, aggregating counts of spatially distant ribbons reduces the error; (c) cluster counting further reduces the error, showing the best fit with theory; and (d) the Wilson score interval enables error calculation as well as the number of grains to be counted to achieve an operator‐specific aim.
Irrigation Quantification Through Backscatter Data Assimilation With a Buddy Check Approach
Authors: Busschaert L. , Bechtold M. , Modanesi S. , Massari C. , Brocca L. , De Lannoy G. J. M.
Published: March 2024

Irrigation is an important component of the terrestrial water cycle, but it is often poorly accounted for in models. Recent studies have attempted to integrate satellite data and land surface models via data assimilation (DA) to (a) detect and quantify irrigation, and (b) better estimate the related land surface variables such as soil moisture, vegetation, and evapotranspiration. In this study, different synthetic DA experiments are tested to advance satellite DA for the estimation of irrigation. We assimilate synthetic Sentinel‐1 backscatter observations into the Noah‐MP model coupled with an irrigation scheme. When updating soil moisture, we found that the DA sets better initial conditions to trigger irrigation in the model. However, DA updates to wetter conditions can inhibit irrigation simulation. Building on this limitation, we propose an improved DA algorithm using a buddy check approach. The method still updates the land surface, but now the irrigation trigger is not primarily based on the evolution of soil moisture, but on an adaptive innovation (observation minus forecast) outlier detection. The new method was found to be optimal for more temperate climates where irrigation events are less frequent and characterized by higher application rates. It was found that the DA outperforms the model‐only 14‐day irrigation estimates by about 20% in terms of root‐mean‐squared differences, when frequent (daily or every other day) observations are available. With fewer observations or high levels of noise, the system strongly underestimates the irrigation amounts. The method is flexible and can be expanded to other DA systems, also real‐world cases.
The Alzheimer’s disease risk gene BIN1 regulates activity-dependent gene expression in human-induced glutamatergic neurons
Authors: Saha Orthis , Melo de Farias Ana Raquel , Pelletier Alexandre , Siedlecki-Wullich Dolores , Landeira Bruna Soares , Gadaut Johanna , Carrier Arnaud , Vreulx Anaïs-Camille , Guyot Karine , Shen Yun , Bonnefond Amelie , Amouyel Philippe , TCW Julia , Kilinc Devrim , Queiroz Claudio Marcos , Delahaye Fabien , Lambert Jean-Charles , Costa Marcos R.
Published: March 2024

Bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1) is the second most important Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk gene, but its physiological roles in neurons and its contribution to brain pathology remain largely elusive. In this work, we show that BIN1 plays a critical role in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, electrical activity, and gene expression of glutamatergic neurons. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing on cerebral organoids generated from isogenic BIN1 wild type (WT), heterozygous (HET) and homozygous knockout (KO) human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), we show that BIN1 is mainly expressed by oligodendrocytes and glutamatergic neurons, like in the human brain. Both BIN1 HET and KO cerebral organoids show specific transcriptional alterations, mainly associated with ion transport and synapses in glutamatergic neurons. We then demonstrate that BIN1 cell-autonomously regulates gene expression in glutamatergic neurons by using a novel protocol to generate pure culture of hiPSC-derived induced neurons (hiNs). Using this system, we also show that BIN1 plays a key role in the regulation of neuronal calcium transients and electrical activity via its interaction with the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel Cav1.2. BIN1 KO hiNs show reduced activity-dependent internalization and higher Cav1.2 expression compared to WT hiNs. Pharmacological blocking of this channel with clinically relevant doses of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, partly rescues electrical and gene expression alterations in BIN1 KO glutamatergic neurons. Further, we show that transcriptional alterations in BIN1 KO hiNs that affect biological processes related to calcium homeostasis are also present in glutamatergic neurons of the human brain at late stages of AD pathology. Together, these findings suggest that BIN1-dependent alterations in neuronal properties could contribute to AD pathophysiology and that treatment with low doses of clinically approved calcium blockers should be considered as an option to slow disease-onset and progression.
ZEB1 controls a lineage-specific transcriptional program essential for melanoma cell state transitions
Authors: Durand Simon , Tang Yaqi , Pommier Roxane M. , Benboubker Valentin , Grimont Maxime , Boivin Felix , Barbollat-Boutrand Laetitia , Cumunel Eric , Dupeuble Florian , Eberhardt Anaïs , Plaschka Maud , Dalle Stéphane , Caramel Julie
Published: March 2024

Cell plasticity sustains intra-tumor heterogeneity and treatment resistance in melanoma. Deciphering the transcriptional mechanisms governing reversible phenotypic transitions between proliferative/differentiated and invasive/stem-like states is required. Expression of the ZEB1 transcription factor is frequently activated in melanoma, where it fosters adaptive resistance to targeted therapies. Here, we performed a genome-wide characterization of ZEB1 transcriptional targets, by combining ChIP-sequencing and RNA-sequencing, upon phenotype switching in melanoma models. We identified and validated ZEB1 binding peaks in the promoter of key lineage-specific genes crucial for melanoma cell identity. Mechanistically, ZEB1 negatively regulates SOX10-MITF dependent proliferative/melanocytic programs and positively regulates AP-1 driven invasive and stem-like programs. Comparative analyses with breast carcinoma cells revealed lineage-specific ZEB1 binding, leading to the design of a more reliable melanoma-specific ZEB1 regulon. We then developed single-cell spatial multiplexed analyses to characterize melanoma cell states intra-tumoral heterogeneity in human melanoma samples. Combined with scRNA-Seq analyses, our findings confirmed increased ZEB1 expression in Neural-Crest-like cells and mesenchymal cells, underscoring its significance in vivo in both populations. Overall, our results define ZEB1 as a major transcriptional regulator of cell states transitions and provide a better understanding of lineage-specific transcriptional programs sustaining intra-tumor heterogeneity in melanoma.
Combining activity and grimace scores reflects perinatal stability in infants <32 weeks gestational age
Authors: Tuttle Zachary , Roberts Calum , Davis Peter , Malhotra Atul , Tan Kenneth , Bhatia Risha , Zhou Lindsay , Baker Elizabeth , Hodgson Kate , Blank Douglas
Published: March 2024

Background

Over 95% of infants less than 32 weeks gestational age—very preterm infants (VPTI)—require cardiorespiratory support at birth. Clinical condition at birth is assessed by the Apgar score, but the precision and accuracy of activity and grimace has not been evaluated. We hypothesised activity and grimace could predict the level of cardiorespiratory support required for stabilisation.

Methods

Two hundred twenty-nine videos of VPTI resuscitations at Monash Children’s Hospital and The Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne were evaluated, with 78 videos eligible for assessment. Activity and grimace were scored (0, 1, or 2) by seven consultant neonatologists, with inter-rater reliability assessed. Activity and grimace were correlated with the maximum level of cardiorespiratory support required for stabilisation.

Results

Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance (W) showed strong interobserver agreement for activity (W = 0.644, p < 0.001) and grimace (W = 0.722, p < 0.001). Neither activity nor grimace independently predicted the level of cardiorespiratory support required. Combining activity and grimace showed non-vigorous infants (combined score <2) received more cardiorespiratory support than vigorous (combined score ≥ 2).

Conclusion

Scoring of activity and grimace was consistent between clinicians. Independently, activity and grimace did not correlate with perinatal stabilisation. Combined scoring showed non-vigorous infants had greater resuscitation requirements.

Impact

Our study evaluates the precision and accuracy of activity and grimace to predict perinatal stability, which has not been validated in infants <32 weeks gestational age.

We found strong score agreement between assessors, indicating video review is a practical and precise method for grading of activity and grimace.

Combined scoring to allow a dichotomous evaluation of infants as non-vigorous or vigorous showed the former group required greater cardiorespiratory support at birth.
Hybrid off-grid energy systems optimal sizing with integrated hydrogen storage based on deterministic balance approach
Authors: Selim Alaa , El-shimy Mohamed , Amer Ghada , Ihoume Ilham , Masrur Hasan , Guerrero Josep M.
Published: March 2024

The transition to sustainable power infrastructure necessitates integrating various renewable energy sources efficiently. Our study introduces the deterministic balanced method (DBM) for optimizing hybrid energy systems, with a particular focus on using hydrogen for energy balance. The DBM translates the sizing optimization problem into a deterministic one, significantly reducing the number of iterations compared to state-of-the-art methods. Comparative analysis with HOMER Pro demonstrates a strong alignment of results, with deviations limited to a 5% margin, confirming the precision of our method in sizing determinations. Utilizing solar and wind data, our research includes a case study of Cairo International Airport, applying the DBM to actual energy demands.
Quasi-3D slope stability analysis of waste dump based on double wedge failure
Authors: Chen Chong , Lv Huayong , Cheng Zhanbo , Gao Xu , Cui Xinnan , Yue Xingtong
Published: March 2024

The double wedges sliding along the weak layer of the foundation can be observed on the slope of the waste dump and the sliding body is divided into the active wedge and passive wedge by the weak foundation and the failure surfaces of the waste dump. Because the conventional limit equilibrium slice method cannot reflect the polygonal slip surface of the slope of the waste dump with weak foundation, this study proposed a double wedge calculation method for the slope of the waste dump with weak foundation. The limit equilibrium analysis is performed on double wedges by considering the direction and values of the interaction force between double wedges to obtain the safety factor of the slope of the waste dump. Meanwhile, the quasi-3D double wedges stability analysis method of the waste dump slope with weak foundation is proposed by considering the influence of the geometry and sliding direction of the slope surface on the slope stability. The safety factor of the inverted dump slope is 0.82, the volume of the sliding body is 6.43 million m3, and the main sliding direction is 20° south by east. The shear strain rate cloud diagram of the section is ‘y’ type distribution, and the sliding body is divided into two independent blocks. The safety factor of the sliding body section obtained by the double wedge method is between 0.76 and 0.92, and the closer to the boundary of the sliding body, the greater the safety factor of the section. The quasi-three-dimensional safety factor obtained by theoretical analysis is 0.817. The results show that the calculation results of quasi-3D double wedge are basically consistent with the calculation results of strength reduction method, while the proposed method is simpler. It can be used as a quick method to evaluate slope stability in engineering practice.
Modulating the active phase in perovskite LaCoO3 with B-site doping of Cu for efficient methanol reforming to produce hydrogen
Authors: Zhang Weiling , Han Peiwei , Li Juan , Niu Zizhen , Wang Guowei , Wang Nan , Li Xiangnan , Ye Lyumeng , Li Xinjun
Published: March 2024

The structure transformation of Cu+–Ov–Co2+ and Cu2+–O–Co3+ on the efficient MSR reaction.
Retraction: Strontium-doped gelatin scaffolds promote M2 macrophage switch and angiogenesis through modulating the polarization of neutrophils
Authors: Li Tao , He Hongtao , Yang Zezheng , Wang Junjie , Zhang Yuxin , He Guangxu , Huang Jun , Song Deye , Ni Jiangdong , Zhou Xiaojun , Zhu Junfeng , Ding Muliang
Published: March 2024

Retraction of ‘Strontium-doped gelatin scaffolds promote M2 macrophage switch and angiogenesis through modulating the polarization of neutrophils’ by Tao Li et al., Biomater. Sci., 2021, 9, 2931–2946, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0BM02126A.
Chemical effect on the Van Hove singularity in superconducting kagome metal AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, and Cs)
Authors: Sim Sangjun , Jeong Min Yong , Lee Hyunggeun , Lee Dong Hyun David , Han Myung Joon
Published: March 2024

To understand the alkali-metal-dependent material properties of recently discovered AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, and Cs), we conducted a detailed electronic structure analysis based on first-principles density functional theory calculations.
Comprehensive study of the synthetic tychite, Na6Mg2(CO3)4SO4: synthesis, structure and conductive properties
Authors: Shindrov Alexander A. , Morkhova Yelizaveta A.
Published: March 2024

The successful synthesis conditions of Na6Mg2(CO3)4SO4 powder were selected. The structural features and conductive properties of the sample were studied comprehensively, including high-throughput calculations and advanced experimental techniques.
Correction: (TeCl)4(TiCl4) with isolated Te4Cl16 and TiCl4 molecules and second-harmonic-generation
Authors: Bonnin Maxime A. , Beier Klaus , Bayarjargal Lkhamsuren , Winkler Björn , Feldmann Claus
Published: March 2024

Correction for ‘(TeCl)4(TiCl4) with isolated Te4Cl16 and TiCl4 molecules and second-harmonic-generation’ by Maxime A. Bonnin et al., Dalton Trans., 2024, 53, 4962–4967, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4DT00284A.
Electric field induced associations in the double layer of salt-in-ionic-liquid electrolytes
Authors: Markiewitz Daniel M. , Goodwin Zachary A. H. , McEldrew Michael , Pedro de Souza J. , Zhang Xuhui , Espinosa-Marzal Rosa M. , Bazant Martin Z.
Published: March 2024

We have developed a theory for the electrical double layer of salt-in-ionic liquids accounting for the thermoreversible association of ions into Cayley tree aggregates. We find that the solution becomes more aggregated at moderate positive voltages.
Rhodium-catalysed homo-coupling of terminal alkynes: divergent synthesis of bioactive 1,3-diynes and conjugated enediynes
Authors: Xiao Yijie , Lv Lijie , Luo Nanxuan , Zhao Peirui , Chen Yao , Luo Zhangshun , Yin Houhua , He Yi , Nie Shenyou
Published: March 2024

C(sp)–C(sp) cross-coupling of terminal alkynes represents a robust tool for building biologically active 1,3-diynes although confronted with huge challenges regarding selectivity control.
First-principles calculation of in-plane and out-of-plane piezoelectric properties of two-dimensional Janus MoSSiX2 (X = N, P, As) monolayers
Authors: Gan Wantao , Ma Xinguo , Liao Jiajun , Xie Tian , Ma Nan
Published: March 2024

Janus MoSSiX2 (X = N, P, As) monolayers exhibit excellent piezoelectric properties. The in-plane piezoelectric coefficient is 1.87–5.35 pm V−1, and the out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficient is 0.16–0.34 pm V−1.
Speech Sound Categories Affect Lexical Competition: Implications for Analytic Auditory Training
Authors: Hendrickson Kristi , Bay Katlyn , Combiths Philip , Foody Meaghan , Walker Elizabeth
Published: March 2024

Objectives:

We provide a novel application of psycholinguistic theories and methods to the field of auditory training to provide preliminary data regarding which minimal pair contrasts are more difficult for listeners with typical hearing to distinguish in real-time.

Design:

Using eye-tracking, participants heard a word and selected the corresponding image from a display of four: the target word, two unrelated words, and a word from one of four contrast categories (i.e., voiced-initial [e.g.,
peach-beach
], voiced-final [e.g.,
back-bag
], manner-initial [e.g.,
talk-sock
], and manner-final [e.g.,
bat-bass
]).

Results:

Fixations were monitored to measure how strongly words compete for recognition depending on the contrast type (voicing, manner) and location (word-initial or final). Manner contrasts competed more for recognition than did voicing contrasts, and contrasts that occurred in word-final position were harder to distinguish than word-initial position.

Conclusion:

These results are an important initial step toward creating an evidence-based hierarchy for auditory training for individuals who use cochlear implants.
Alignments in the orientation of radio jets from AGN and their host galaxies
Authors: Zheng Xuechen , Zhang Yuze , Röttgering Huub
Published: March 2024

It is well established that active galactic nuclei (AGNs) play an important role in the evolution of galaxies. These AGNs can be linked to the accretion processes onto massive black holes and past merger events in their host galaxies, which may lead to different alignments of the jets with respect to the host galaxies. This paper presents a study of the position angle (PA) differences between radio and optical images of radio-AGNs based on the second data release (DR2) of the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) Two-Meter Sky Survey (LoTSS), the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters Survey (FIRST), the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Legacy Imaging Surveys, and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We assessed PA measurement biases in the data and classified the radio-AGNs based on the radio luminosity and infrared colour from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). This resulted in the largest sample of radio AGNs with reliable radio and optical PA measurements published to date, with a total of 3682 AGNs. The PA difference (dPA) distributions for the radio-AGN sample show a prominent minor-axis alignment tendency. Based on some simple assumptions, we simulated the projection effect to estimate the intrinsic jet-galaxy alignment. The observed dPA distribution can be well described by a two-component jet-alignment model in which one component is more aligned with the minor axis of the host galaxy than the other. The fitting results indicate that the jet alignment is dependent on radio luminosity and the shape of the host galaxies, with the jets being more likely to be aligned with the minor axis of the galaxy for lower radio luminosity and for optically more elongated radio-AGNs. The minor-axis alignment of the entire sample may suggest a coherent accretion model present in most AGN host galaxies, while a considerable number of luminous radio-AGNs with massive host galaxies might have undergone accretion – according to the chaotic model – or past merger events.
Spectroscopic searches for evolutionary orbital period changes in WR+OB binaries: The case of WR 127 (Hen 3-1772)
Authors: Shaposhnikov I. A. , Cherepashchuk A. M. , Dodin A. V. , Postnov K. A.
Published: March 2024

Aims. We aim to determine the secular evolution of the orbital period of the short-period binary system WR 127 (WN3b+O9.5V, P ≈ 9.555d).

Methods. We performed new low-resolution spectroscopic observations of WR 127 with the 2.5 m CMO SAI telescope to construct the radial velocity curves of the components. Our results suggest component masses of MWRsin3(i) = 11.8 ± 1.4 M⊙ and MOsin3(i) = 17.2 ± 1.4 M⊙. By comparing these values with archival radial velocity curves we were able to create an (O − C) plot with an accuracy sufficient to search for the orbital period change in WR 127.

Results. We report the reliable detection of a secular increase in the orbital period of WR 127 at a rate of Ṗ = 0.83 ± 0.14 s yr−1, which corresponds to a dynamical mass-loss rate from the Wolf-Rayet (WR) star of ĖWR = (2.6 ± 0.5) × 10−5 M⊙ yr−1.

Conclusions. The mass-loss rate from WR stars in three Wolf-Rayet+OB binaries (WR 127, CX Cep, and V444 Cyg) as inferred from spectroscopic and photometric measurements suggests a preliminary empirical correlation between a WR star’s mass and its dynamical mass-loss rate of ṀWR ∼ MWR1.8. This relation is important for the understanding of the evolution of massive close binaries that include WR stars as such an evolution is a precursor of gravitational-wave binary merging events with neutron stars and black holes.
Reconstruction of Orbital Exenteration Defects with Cross-median Forehead Flaps
Authors: Baum Sven H. , Al-Bayati Mohammad , Mohr Christopher , Pförtner Roman
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was to examine the role of forehead flaps in the reconstruction of orbital defects after exenteration. Patients undergoing orbital exenteration and reconstruction using median forehead flaps from January 2002 to August 2019 were enrolled in this retrospective study. All the patients were evaluated for wound complications, functional results, and tumor relapse. In total, 105 patients completed the study. Twenty-nine complications in 24 of these patients were assessed. The most common complications were wound dehiscence (11%), partial necrosis of the flap (6%), and bleeding (4%). A major complication occurred in two patients (2%), necessitating surgical correction. Only one patient had a local relapse. Sixty patients received osseointegrated implants, and 58 of them were treated with facial prostheses. The follow-up periods ranged from 6 to 189 months. Thus, forehead flap reconstruction after exenteration is a reliable method with a low complication rate. This technique can be used for primary or secondary reconstruction, and excellent long-term functional results can be achieved. A relapse-oriented follow-up is certainly possible.
2.3 Metal-Free DEL-Compatible C—C Bond Forming Reactions
Authors: Wang Z. , Satz A. L.
Published: March 2024

Carbon–carbon bonds play a key role in the skeletal diversity of drug-like molecules, and so it follows that DNA-compatible C—C bond formation is of high interest to the DNA-encoded chemical library (DEL) community. The development of metal-free reactions is of importance due to the tendency of DNA to sequester metal ions; sequestration can limit the effectiveness of the metals to catalyze the desired reactions. Furthermore, the metals can remain sequestered by the DNA over multiple steps, possibly resulting in downstream DNA damage. In this chapter, we review nearly two decades of metal-free C—C bond forming reactions as applied toward the construction of DELs.
2.5 On-DNA C—H Transformations
Authors: Wang X. , Lu X.
Published: March 2024

The C—H activation approach is a powerful strategy for synthesizing valuable building blocks and complex drug candidates via the direct formation of C—C and C—X bonds. There are several challenges in the development of DNA-compatible C—H functionalization reactions, including the high energy required to activate the inert C—H bonds, the need to tolerate water, and the need to preserve the integrity of oligonucleotides. In this chapter, we summarize the significant advances achieved in DNA-compatible C—H functionalization, including transition-metal-mediated reactions, photocatalyst-mediated reactions, and biocatalyst-mediated reactions, showcasing their detailed experimental protocols and substrate scopes.
2.12 Micelle-Mediated Synthesis
Authors: Graham J. S. , Stanway-Gordon H. A. , Waring M. J.
Published: March 2024

Solution-phase DNA-compatible chemistry has typically been restricted to aqueous media due to the solubility requirements of the oligonucleotide tag. This necessity has often limited the types of transformations that can be achieved within DNA-encoded libraries (DELs), and also the scope of building blocks that can be employed. Micelle-forming surfactants have been successfully employed within the field of green chemistry to allow for organic reactions to be conducted within aqueous systems. The application of such technologies for DNA-compatible chemistry thus shows significant promise in overcoming various issues previously exhibited in DEL synthesis, allowing for the generation of libraries with vastly improved chemical diversity. Reviewed herein are applications of micellar-mediated synthesis for DELs, including summaries of current methods for their construction. The implementation of this strategy allows for highly efficient transformations to be achieved across a broad range of substrates within each reaction class, marking an advantageous addition to on-DNA chemistry.
3.2.2.1 Encoded Self-Assembling (Dynamic) Chemical Libraries
Authors: Prati L. , Lucaroni L. , Cazzamalli S. , Neri D. , Oehler S.
Published: March 2024

Encoded self-assembling chemical (ESAC) libraries consist of two independent sets of complementary single-stranded chemical libraries (named “sublibraries”) assembled by DNA hybridization. Various ESAC formats based on the incorporation of different numbers of building blocks (e.g., ESAC1+1, ESAC2+1), optionally cyclized (e.g., ESAC+), have been proposed. In the dynamic ESAC format, the use of short complementary DNA strands enables constant reshuffling of sublibraries, thus further enhancing the enrichment of target-binding building-block pairs during selections. In this chapter, a comprehensive review of the synthetic, analytical, and hit-validation procedures reported for ESAC libraries is presented. Examples of success stories involving the use of the ESAC technology in drug discovery are also discussed.
3.2.2.3 DNA-Encoded Dynamic Combinatorial Chemical Libraries
Authors: Reddavide F. V. , Heiden S. , Cui M. , Lin W. , Thompson M. , Zhang Y.
Published: March 2024

DNA-encoded dynamic combinatorial chemical library (EDCCL) technology is the application of dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) in the field of DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology. EDCCL technology can be used for de novo selection as well as to convert lead compounds into high-affinity bivalent binders. EDCCL technology aims to combine the advantages of DCC and DEL, while addressing some drawbacks from both.
High-resolution MHz time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy based on a tunable vacuum ultraviolet source
Authors: Hellbrück Lukas , Puppin Michele , Guo Fei , Hickstein Daniel D. , Benhabib Siham , Grioni Marco , Dil J. Hugo , LaGrange Thomas , Rønnow Henrik M. , Carbone Fabrizio
Published: March 2024

The time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (trARPES) allows for direct mapping of the electronic band structure and its dynamic response on femtosecond timescales. Here, we present a new ARPES system, powered by a new fiber-based femtosecond light source in the vacuum ultraviolet range, accessing the complete first Brillouin zone for most materials. We present trARPES data on Au(111), polycrystalline Au, Bi2Se3, and TaTe2, demonstrating an energy resolution of 21 meV with a time resolution of <360 fs, at a high repetition rate of 1 MHz. The system is integrated with an extreme ultraviolet high harmonic generation beamline, enabling an excellent tunability of the time-bandwidth resolution.
A glass-assisting thermally stimulated discharge technique
Authors: Yan Bowen , Zhang Jianfeng , Gao Xiaoli , Chen Gangjin
Published: March 2024

Thermally stimulated discharge (TSD) technique is a traditional method in dielectric research, especially for electrets. However, in conventional open-circuit and short-circuit TSD techniques, it is difficult to distinguish the surface charge and body charge of dielectric materials. In particular with the test of polymer electrets, the deformation of the polymer film may take place during the measurement process, which will affect the accuracy of the experiment results. In this paper, a glass-assisting TSD (GA-TSD) technique is proposed to solve the above problems. The feasibility of the experimental technique is verified with the GA-TSD spectra of fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer electret films. In addition, their theory analysis is also accomplished. The influences of glass thickness, glass dielectric property, and metallizing on the glass on GA-TSD spectra are investigated. The results prove that the GA-TSD spectra can clearly distinguish the difference between surface charge and body charge according to the current direction. The quartz glass with the lowest dielectric constant is best suitable for the GA-TSD technique. The influence of the glass thickness and metallizing on the glass on GA-TSD spectra is little.
First-principles study of hydrogen- and oxygen-related complexes in ScN
Authors: Rowberg Andrew J. E. , Mu Sai , Van de Walle Chris G.
Published: March 2024

Scandium nitride (ScN) is an attractive material for electronic applications due to its high n-type conductivity. Native defects and unintentional impurities may limit its electron concentration and reduce its mobility; therefore, it is important to control their formation and incorporation. Hydrogen and oxygen are unintentional impurities that are commonly present during growth and processing. They act as shallow donors in ScN and hence may be regarded as harmless or even favorable to achieving n-type conductivity. Here we show, using state-of-the-art first-principles calculations, that these impurities can be detrimental because they readily form complexes with scandium vacancies (VSc). Isolated VSc have relatively high formation energies and thus have low concentrations and little impact on electronic properties. However, complexes between VSc and either hydrogen or oxygen form more readily than the pristine vacancy and will act as both compensating and scattering centers. Our results point to the importance of controlling the incorporation of hydrogen and oxygen in ScN (and AlScN alloys) to avoid degradation of the electronic properties.
Reveal long-lived hot electrons in 2D indium selenide and ferroelectric-regulated carrier dynamics of InSe/α-In2Se3/InSe heterostructure
Authors: Lau Guanghua , Li Yi , Zhang Yongfan , Lin Wei
Published: March 2024

As typical representatives of group III chalcogenides, InSe, α-In2Se3, and β′-In2Se3 have drawn considerable interest in the domain of photoelectrochemistry. However, the microscopic mechanisms of carrier dynamics in these systems remain largely unexplored. In this work, we first reveal that hot electrons in the three systems have different cooling rate stages and long-lived hot electrons, through the utilization of density functional theory calculations and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, the ferroelectric polarization of α-In2Se3 weakens the nonadiabatic coupling of the nonradioactive recombination, successfully competing with the narrow bandgap and slow dephasing process, and achieving both high optical absorption efficiency and long carrier lifetime. In addition, we demonstrate that the ferroelectric polarization of α-In2Se3 not only enables the formation of the double type-II band alignment in the InSe/α-In2Se3/InSe heterostructure, with the top and bottom InSe sublayers acting as acceptors and donors, respectively, but also eliminates the hindrance of the built-in electric field at the interface, facilitating an ultrafast interlayer carrier transfer in the heterojunction. This work establishes an atomic mechanism of carrier dynamics in InSe, α-In2Se3, and β′-In2Se3 and the regulatory role of the ferroelectric polarization on the charge carrier dynamics, providing a guideline for the design of photoelectronic materials.
Increasing exercise with a mobile app in people with Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study
Authors: Ahn Jong Hyeon , Shin Dongrul , Lee Dongyeong , Kim Hye Young , Youn Jinyoung , Cho Jin Whan
Published: March 2024

Background Exercise is crucial for the well-being of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although there are challenges to exercising with PD, mobile apps are seen as potential solutions, though their impact is not yet fully understood. We developed a mobile app and a home-based exercise program specialised for people with PD and investigated the effect of the mobile exercise app for the people with PD. Methods Participants from the Movement Disorder Clinic were prompted to download and actively use our app for a duration of 2 weeks. Before commencing, we assessed their self-rated smartphone proficiency. Both at the start and after the 2-week period, we employed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and the PD Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) to evaluate their physical activity and overall quality of life (QoL). Exercise metrics were quantified in terms of metabolic equivalent minutes per week (MET-min/week). Furthermore, we gathered feedback on user satisfaction with the app at the end of the study. Results Out of 41 recruited patients, 25 completed the 2-week program and 16 dropped out. Median MET-min/week rose from 1386.0 to 3210.0 (P = 0.009), primarily in moderate activities (P = 0.049) and walking (P = 0.002). Median PDQ-39 scores showed improvement from 17.2 to 8.5 (P = 0.005) after the program. Conclusion The mobile app holds potential to enhance exercise and QoL for people with PD. For optimal benefits, future studies should focus on e-health literacy education, app quality enhancements, and a broader exercise program variety.
Implementation of activities of daily living retraining for individuals in post-traumatic amnesia
Authors: Trevena-Peters Jessica , Ponsford Jennie , McKay Adam
Published: March 2024

Background Despite evidence of the efficacy of activities of daily living (ADL) retraining during post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) following traumatic brain injury (TBI), utilisation of this intervention in practice is unclear. Utilising an implementation science framework, the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, this study explored efforts to translate ADL retraining during PTA into the clinical practice of occupational therapists (OTs) working in TBI rehabilitation settings across Australia. Methods Participants were 44 OTs who attended a day-long training workshop that included knowledge and skill-based content regarding ADL retraining during PTA. Baseline and post-training ratings were completed including evaluation of workshop utility, and skill and knowledge-based competencies relevant to the intervention. Approximately 2 years later, nine trained OTs and two administrators were interviewed to explore the results of implementing the intervention. Results Overall, the training workshop was rated as being helpful and OT ratings of confidence (P < 0.001) and competencies (P < 0.001) significantly improved from baseline to post-workshop. At follow-up, thematic analysis of interviews identified themes related to implementing the intervention as it pertains to patients in PTA, OTs delivering the intervention and the organisational context. Various facilitators and barriers to translation were identified. Participants indicated a positive view of the clinical use of the intervention and development of their knowledge and skills, with the intervention benefiting those in PTA. Despite this, factors such as time, resourcing, team training, and rehabilitation-setting processes posed significant barriers. Conclusion Multiple barriers were identified in implementation of ADL retraining during PTA and require consideration to facilitate translation and promote best practice.
Joint actions affect infants’ cognitive word–object processing
Authors: Wildt Eugenia
Published: March 2024

This study focuses on how salient, social, and interactional cues (solo vs. joint exploration) help 10-month-old infants (n = 66) to solve referential ambiguity, and examines the retention of word–object mappings. Results show that infants attend to salient objects when no other resources of information are available. When salient and social cues conflict, infants follow social information for referent selection. By comparing solo and joint object exploration, this study provides first evidence that joint actions modify the duration of infants’ attention to objects not only during object play but also in a retention test. During object play, joint actions with a social partner sustain infants’ attention to a referent. In the retention trials, joint actions affect infants’ attention patterns by reducing their initial saliency bias. This, in turn, indicates a change in cognitive processing of the word–object link.
Prius invisa animalia
Authors: Temmerman Thijs , Deploige Jeroen
Published: March 2024

This article is based on a close reading of four fifteenth-century travel accounts, written by travellers who
started their journey in the Burgundian Low Countries and visited the Holy Land. We analyse what the representations of animals in
the travelogues of Guillebert de Lannoy, Bertrandon de la Broquière, Anselm Adornes, and Joos van Ghistele tell us about medieval
travellers, their experiences, cultural backgrounds, curiosity, and self-images. First, we question the attitude of travellers
towards animals they were familiar with, many of which they found useful for humans, while others were considered rather harmful.
Secondly, we look at how earlier texts, stories, and learned knowledge shaped travellers’ attitudes towards both observed and
unobserved animals. Finally, we study how the confrontation with strange animals compelled the authors of travel accounts to
creatively describe the unfamiliar and the unknown.
Anglicismos en el contexto contracultural de las historietas gráficas de los años 70 y su evolución
Authors: Giménez Folqués David
Published: March 2024

Abstracta

En los años 70 se inicia en España un periodo de apertura en esferas culturales como las revistas, la música, el cine y la literatura. Desde un punto de vista lingüístico, este carácter de apertura permite la entrada de voces de otros idiomas, principalmente en inglés. Estas voces aparecen en distintos ámbitos juveniles como, por ejemplo, en las revistas con historietas gráficas icónicas como Star. Precisamente en este punto centraremos la presente investigación, ya que nuestro objetivo es analizar qué anglicismos aparecían en este contexto contracultural, concretamente en los 57 números que componen esta revista. A partir del corpus obtenido, observaremos si estas voces y expresiones se mantuvieron o se perdieron en las décadas siguientes en el idioma español mediante el filtro de corpus académicos como el CDH y el CORPES XXI.