bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing An Intervention Program To Control Glucose Level In Intensive Care Unit (ICU) In King Hussein Medical Center, Royal Medical Services
Authors: Hakuz Neris Musa Ahmad , Al-Tarawneh Amani Mahmoud , Amireh Baraah Walied , Alhawari Husam , Al-Haqeesh Hiyam , Abeeleh Jaafar Abu , Alkhatib Ahed J , Abeeleh Mahmoud A Abu
Published: July 2016

Controlling blood glucose level in ICU is one of the main priorities in ICU to decrease mortality rates and morbidity rates and to decrease the healthcare cost. The main objective of the present study is design and implement an intervention protocol in ICU. The method involved a suggested intervention protocol which was applied for 25 ICU patients and their findings were compared with 25 ICU patients in control group. Study findings showed that the intervention protocol was able to reduce mortality rates, positive blood cultures, decreased morning glucose level in the intervention group compared with control group. As a conclusion, controlling blood glucose level in ICU is considered an appropriate approach and leads to better outcome of the patients.
Usage Of Gelatin-Virus Balls And Liquid Virus Filled Gelatin Capsules To Control Coral Reef Diseases: Model For Phage Therapy
Authors: Rekadwad Bhagwan N. , Khobragade Chandrahasya N.
Published: July 2016

Coral reefs are very sensitive to environmental pollution. Coral reefs frequently get infected by various bacteria, fungi, marine algae and protozoa. The diseases include Bacterial Infections (BI), Fungal Infections (FI), Black Band Disease (BBD), Black Overgrowing Cyanophyta (BOC), Black Aggressive Band (BAB), Lethal Orange Disease (LOD), Skeleton Eroding Band (SED), PEYssonnelia (PEY), PNEophyllum (PNE) and White Syndromes (WS). Here in we have proposed a proposed model in which cold water soluble gelatin will be used to prepare Gelatin virus balls (GVB) and Liquid virus filled and sealed gelatin capsules (LVFSGC). GVB and LVFSGC will be prepared as per standard protocol in the form of paintballs and capsules. Above mentioned infecting agents of Coral reefs will be used as inoculum for production their production on the pilot scale. These produced infecting agents will be added with specific viruses of infecting agent (host-specific viruses). After the lysis of cell (naturally/artificially), lysate containg host-specific viruses will be used as infecting viruses to the Coral reef infecting agents. This lysate will be used for preparation of GVB and LVFSGC. These paintballs and capsules contain host-specific viruses can be made to release on a surface of sea water and dispersed on affected coral reefs zone naturally by Sea water current/waves. The dispersed viruses from GVB and LVFSGC will attach to their host. Ultimately, the diseasecausing agent may be killed and the coral reef infection will be removed from sea water without any harm to the environment. GVB and LVFSGC will be used for the release of viruses against disease-causing agents. The GVB and LVFSGC will systematically kill and save the coral reefs.
Fathers And Breastfeeding Process: Determining Their Role And Attitudes
Authors: Abu-Abbas Manar W , Kassab Manal I , Shelash Khitam I
Published: July 2016

Breastfeeding is a vital for infants during their early stage of life and it is considered that fathers have an important role to make this process succeed; this study was done to determine father’s attitudes and involvement in the breastfeeding process. A study survey instrument designed to measure father’s attitudes regarding breastfeeding process, the degree of their involvement and fathers` surrounded cultural effect on their involvement. Instrument were piloted with 22 fathers who met the inclusion criteria and Cronbach's alpha was 0.73 for both measures : fathers` attitudes regarding breastfeeding and fathers` involvement in the process. Then a total of 198 fathers in King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) in Jordan completed a self-administered questionnaire. Means and standard deviations were calculated for the measures of fathers` breastfeeding attitudes and involvement, then Pearson’s correlation analysis was conducted with an alpha level of 0.05 between the measure of fathers` involvement in breastfeeding process and surrounded cultural effect on their involvement. Result shows that fathers in had a negative attitudes and poor involvement in the breastfeeding process, and a significant correlation found between fathers` involvement in the breastfeeding process and surrounded cultural effect regarding this role (P- value = 0.01). Father may play an important role to positively influence a mother's decision to initiate and continue breastfeeding. Therefore, efforts to increase breastfeeding rates should focus on involving fathers in interventions and programs to change their attitudes and make them aware regarding their role in the breastfeeding process.
Sensitivity Analysis Of Vynyl Sulphone And BisMonochlorotriazine Reactive Groups Of Reactive Dyes
Authors: Sultana Sanjida , Fatema Ummul Khair , Islam Aminul
Published: July 2016

Reactive dyes contain different types of reactive groups which have different levels of sensitivity. Reactive dyeing is carried out by exhaust method on cotton knit fabric. A trichromatic combination is chosen containing vinylsulphone and bis-monochlorotriazine reactive groups. Dyeing of fabric is carried out with standard condition and variation of the conditions (electrolyte concentration, pH, exhaustion time, fixation time and M:L). Colorimetric data (DE*) is produced by comparing the difference between standard shade and the resulting shades by using spectrophotometer. Between the investigated reactive groups of reactive dye bismonochlorotriazine shows lower sensitivity in other terms higher robustness than vinyl sulphone.
Comparison Of Two Hydrological Models (Lumped And Distributed) Over A Pilot Area Of The Issen Watershed In The Souss Basin, Morocco
Authors: Brirhet Hassan , Benaabidate Lahcen
Published: July 2016

The present study aims to develop a hydrological model of flood forecasting to arid environment in the Issen basin (sub-chatchement of Aguenza basin) through a comparison between two conceptual hydrological models (HEC HMS) and ATHYS which is a conceptual distributed model rarely used in the Moroccan context. The aim is to measure the degree of adaptability of these models to the study area in order to generalize the selected model to the entire watershed. The obtained results from the validation phase of the two models were satisfactory, the two models were able to reproduce the hydrological behavior of the Aguenza watershed during flooding periods. Besides, this study has shown that a good distributed model can provide improvements over a global model for flood forecasting and particularly in terms of volume as in the present study case.
Logic Circuits Timing Analysis Using Timed Logic Variables
Authors: Galupa Nicolae
Published: July 2016

Combinational logic circuit timing analysis is an important issue that all designers need to address. The present paper presents a simple and compact analysis procedure. We follow the guidelines drawn by previous methods, but we shall define new time-dependent logic variables that help us improve their efficiency. By using the methodology suggested, we shall replace a very laborious technique (pure delay circuit + time constants method) with a simpler procedure that can pinpoint the specific conditions for a logic circuit’s anomalous behaviour within a few simple steps. Considering the logic function implemented the methodology presented will require analysis of only a limited number of situations/combinations to determine the presence of an anomalous behaviour. When anomalous behaviour is identified, the methodology provides a clear timing description.
Dynamique De La Végétation De Bamo Et Stocks De Carbone Dans La Mosaïque De Végétation
Authors: M. Anobla Adingra Odette Marie , N’Dja Justin Kassi
Published: July 2016

This study was conducted in Agboville, Ivory Coast. The objective was (1) to characterize the floristic composition, dynamics, and structure of tree diversity of postcultural fallows; and (2) establish the relationship between the diversity and storage of carbon in timber biomass. The study relied on a network of 50 temporary plots. There were 31 postcultural fallows and 19 plots of primary forest. This study has identified 417 plant species distributed in 306 genera and 83 families. Tree density within postcultural fallows varied between 1025 to 5975 stems / ha, and the analysis showed that the density increases with the age of the postcultural fallows. Tree sampling was non-destructive and to estimate C storage, an allomectric models for above and belowground biomasses was used. Mean estimate of carbon (C) stocks in biomass were 80.25 tC / ha for groupe A (fallows from 4 to 8 years) and 256.5 tC / ha for group D (fallows from 14 to 24 years). These values remain far below those seen in the groups of primary forests with lateritic soil (1335.25 tC / ha). Results showed the ability of some postcultural fallows to store much C. It demonstrated that storage depends mainly on age and conserved species. This supports the idea of employing REDD+ processes in enhancing the ecological value associated with carbon.
Dispersión Legítima De Semillas Por Aves En El Bosque Y Matorral Serrano De La Provincia De Córdoba
Authors: Dellafiore Claudia M.
Published: July 2016

Birds play a fundamental role in many ecosystems because through endozoochory they can disperse lots of fruits and herefore its seeds. In the southern hemisphere, temperate forests and hills scrub of Córdoba-Argentina are characterized by great floristic diversity and an important richness of birds. However, only few studies focusing on the role of birds as dispersers of fruits and seeds have been conducted in this ecosystem. The aims of this study was to investigate if birds are dispersing fruits or seeds in the forest and hills scrub; analyse if fruits or seeds dispersion is scattered along seasons; and to assess whether seeds suffer physical damage when passing through the digestive tract of birds. During July, August, September and December 2012, fruits and seeds from birds pellets were collected while walking through two linear transects (length and width) of 1,450 x 20 and 1,200 x 5 m, respectively. Results showed that birds dispersed seeds during all seasons although the largest proportion was observed during autumn and winter when more than 70% of birds pellets contained seeds. The highest proportion of damaged seeds occurred in September (11%), but overall proportion of seeds that had physical damage was very low. Finally, our results revealed that birds have an important role in seeds dispersion on the forest and hills scrub ecosystem, and most of these dispersed seeds were exotic.
Historia Y Evolución De La Industria De Semiconductores Y La Integración De México En El Sector
Authors: Mercado Alejandro Mercado , Facio Manuel Martínez , Flores Fernando Favila , Moya Ana García
Published: July 2016

Semiconductors and their applications, represent one of the technological revolutions with greatest impact on society, generating Industrial changes, new companies, jobs, professional careers and development of new products that have given a twist in the way of life of people around the world. This has produced an industrial war between developed countries, which dispute the first place in terms of production, import and export of semiconductors. The semiconductors industry has given way to agreements and alliances between countries; allowing México to participate on the import, export and the formation of research and development in the industry. The present research, have as an objective to review theoretically the historical evolution of the semiconductor industry and the incorporation of México in the sector.
Towards A Comprehensive Framework For Technology Selection And Capacity Planning For Sustainable Manufacturing
Authors: Nejadi Fahimeh , Cheng Kai
Published: July 2016

Technology mixed perspective, as a combination of two functions of ‘Technology Selection’ and ‘Capacity Planning’, is not usually addressed in the research literature. Yet, the importance of integrated decisions at such strategic level is evident. The overall aim of this paper is to develop a framework for combined ‘technology selection’ and ‘capacity planning’ in manufacturing sector. The approach will also incorporate the multiperspective concept of sustainability, while taking uncertainties into account.
Fonctionnement De La Plage d’El Jadida (Côte Atlantique Marocaine) : Apport De L’étude Morphodynamique, Sédimentologique, Minéralogique Et De L’action Anthropique
Authors: Khouaja Soukaina , Ouadia Mohamed , Irzan El Mehdi
Published: July 2016

The multidisciplinary study of the beach of El Jadida and its sediments reflects that its shape is asymmetrical, narrow and contrasting between SE and NW which closely affects marine and wind dynamics and functioning of this beach. As profiles of beaches and the extension of the area affected by the tides, they present an argument for the elevation of the sea level had certainly warming. In addition to the Cretaceous lime stone be drock, the Quaternary calcarenites localized only in the SE richer, even more, this place in carbonate more than elsewhere in particular in winter. El Jadida beach sediments are basically homogeneous and well classified (coarse and fine) and reflect a more or less closed environment. The rocks of the SE affect the marine dynamics in rendering the texture of coarse and slightly heterogeneous sediments especially in winter but the correct classification is on the side fine sediments. The emitting provinces of minerals fuelling El Jadida Beach, via the Oued Oum Rbia and littoral drift, are essentially Jacqueline and Sidi Said Maachou El Jadida beach is under anthropogenic pressure considerable (proliferation of buildings) that promote the reduction of the area of the beach and therefore it creates a malfunction of this and an imbalance between it and marine and wind dynamics. Where urgent intervention and sound management that apply to the protection of this beach and its environment.
The case for clinical scholarship
Authors: Bloch Frank
Published: July 2016

Lines between theory and practice have been blurred considerably in law teaching already, with the spreading influence of clinical legal education around the world.2 In this article, I address the implications of this trend on legal scholarship – the aspect of legal academia where theory-practice tensions tend to be strongest. Following a brief discussion of clinical education’s still uncertain place in the legal academy, I turn to the role of legal scholarship and the potential contributions of clinical education to legal academic literature. Rejecting the strongest criticisms voiced by some clinicians to the effect that scholarship adds little or no value to the primary mission of legal education, which is the training of future lawyers, I explore the many facets of an emerging “clinical scholarship” informed by clinical practice. I also reject the notion that scholarship is less important for clinicians than for other law faculty, by making the case that clinical scholarship strengthens clinical legal education by helping advance its two main goals of improving the quality of law practice and enhancing the public role of the profession.
As bandas de congo mirins: ensino popular e vivência de cultura afro-brasileira na Serra (ES)
Authors: Dal Col Costa Michel
Published: July 2016

O artigo busca apresentar um pouco da tradição das bandas de congo da cidade da Serra, na Região Metropolitana de Vitória (ES), focalizando especialmente a história da participação das crianças nessas manifestações culturais. Com base em um retrato dessa participação aolongo dos tempos, constituído por observação etnográfica, entrevistas e outras fontes, pretende-se entender melhor o trabalho estruturado feito com as crianças nas chamadas “bandas de congo mirins” da região. Apontam-se alguns elementos do processo de transmissão cultural de conhecimentos referentes a essa cultura e mostra-se como tais elementos ainda se valem de formas antigas e tradicionais de ensino da cultura presentes nessas comunidades. Com isso, apresenta-se a face popular de um ensino não escolar e a vivência da cultura afro-brasileira em um município brasileiro.
Para construir outro olhar: notas sobre o ensino de história e cultura africanas e afro-brasileiras
Authors: Costa Hilton
Published: July 2016

O presente texto busca destacar a importância da construção de um novo olhar no que diz respeito ao ensino de história e cultura africanas e afro-brasileiras. O texto se divide em dois momentos: o primeiro versa sobre a importância da alteração da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação brasileira, por meio da Lei 10.639/2003, e sua relação com a formação de docentes. O segundo aponta para uma sugestão de trabalho em sala de aula: parte-se do contexto intelectual pós-abolição no Brasil, indicandosua relação com o senso comum e a maneira como este articula a   manutenção de estereótipos e estigmas acerca da população negra no Brasil.
E-Storia
Authors: Maynard Dilton , Silva Marcos
Published: July 2016

A História hoje navega nos mares das novas tecnologias da informação.Apesar dos muitos críticos, é impossível negar a inserção destes novos recursos na produção do conhecimento histórico. Desse modo, considerando os objetivos da nossa publicação, concebida como mais um suporte ao professor, resolvemos encarar o desafio de oferecer a cada edição algumas sugestões sobre novas tecnologias aos navegantes. Nosso alvo são principalmente aqueles menos íntimos, aqueles que podem achar muito difícil se adaptar ao mundo em redes e mudanças contínuas. A ideia aqui não é apresentar uma simples listagem de endereços eletrônicos, mas oferecer exemplos de ambientes que propiciem experiências pedagógicas inovadoras e que, em sua maioria, aliam um traço lúdico às atividades pedagógicas. Todavia, teremos sempre o cuidado de indicar diferentes caminhos possíveis. Poderemos apenas apontar um programa, aplicativo ou coisa do tipo, tendo o cuidado de explicar o seu potencial em sala de aula. Apresentaremos sítios resultantes de iniciativas isoladas, de professores ou memorialistas,páginas sem apoio financeiro e recursos sofisticados, mas também sítioseletrônicos construídos com amparo de órgãos de fomento e resultantes do empenho de equipes de profissionais, nem sempre todos eles da História. O ponto em comum será a capacidade que cada uma das experiências selecionadas terá de disponibilizar um olhar inovador no ensino de História.
Outra redução: a dinâmica interétnica na Limpia Concepción de Jeberos nas missões jesuíticas do Marañon no século XVII
Authors: Torres-Londoño Fernando
Published: July 2016

Na trilha de apontar o protagonismo dos povos indígenas nos processos deconquista e colonização, o artigo propõe examinar o caso de uma missão jesuíticana Amazônia do século XVII pelos possíveis significados atribuídos a ela pelos Jebero, povo indígena que de fato a constituiu. Assim, a composição pluriétnica da missão é examinada pela dinâmicade relações definidas com base nacondição de parente, inimigo ou estrangeiro.
Os índios na história política do Império: avanços, resistências e tropeços
Authors: Moreira Vânia Maria Losada
Published: July 2016

Resenha de Sposito, Fernanda Nem cidadãos, nem brasileiros: indígenas na formação do Estado nacional brasileiro e conflitos na província de São Paulo (1822-1845) São Paulo: Alameda, 2012. 292p.
Professores iniciantes ensinando História: dilemas de aula e desafios da formação
Authors: Caimi Flavia Eloisa
Published: July 2016

A maneira como os professores aprendem em contextos de formação e atuação tem constituído tema central nos debatessobre qualidade da educação e melhoria do ensino. Diante disso, este estudo segue o propósito de investigar os processos de aprendizagem profissional de acadêmicos em situação de estágio curricular supervisionado,na licenciatura em História, com vistas a identificar de que conhecimentos e estratégias se valem esses sujeitos para dar conta das demandas e desafios que secolocam no contexto de iniciação à docência.Nos limites deste artigo são analisados os registros de aula de uma acadêmica cujo estágio realizou-se na última série do ensino fundamental. Além da análise dos registros (planejamento, atividades,memórias de aula e memorial final),desenvolveu-se observação de aulas e entrevista não estruturada.
O tempo presente e os sentidos dos museus de história
Authors: Oliveira Cecilia Helena De Salles
Published: July 2016

O propósito deste artigoé o de questionar as relações entre os museus de história e a construção de narrativas nacionais e de um passado unívoco para a nação. É o tempo presente que sustenta os fundamentos dessa escrita, repondo conteúdos e interpretações destinados a fazer ver circunstâncias pretéritas. Relativizam-se, assim, continuidades nas trajetórias dessas instituições e a compreensão de que são isentas de tensões e contradições, pois uma das chaves para o entendimento dos significados contemporâneos dos museus de história está no mapeamento das rupturas institucionais que sofreram e ainda sofrem, bem como no debate e na convivência conflituosa que, desde sua origem, mantêm com outros agentes de cultura.Palavras-chave: museu; museu de história; história; memória; tempo presente.
Ensino da história e inovação pedagógica na transição para a democracia (Portugal, décadas de 1960 e 1970)
Authors: Pereira Henriques Raquel , António de Sousa Pintassilgo Joaquim
Published: July 2016

Pretende-se, com este artigo, refletir sobre as transformações que ocorreram no nível do ensino da História em Portugal durante o curto mas complexo período anterior ou subsequente à revolução do 25 de abril de 1974. Que inovações foram sendo introduzidas nos programas? Quais as características dos manuais e de outros recursos então produzidos para o apoio aos alunos? Que métodos pedagógicos são prescritos aos professores? Concentrar-nos-emos no nível de ensino que parece ter sido mais marcado pelo espírito renovador, o Ciclo Preparatório do Ensino Secundário, correspondente aos atuais 5º e 6º anos de escolaridade. Utilizaremos como fontes um conjunto de documentos legais, designadamente programas, para além de manuais escolares e outros recursos educativos que então circularam entre o ministério e os professores.
Entre o discurso e a prática: implementação do currículo de História no programa educacional São Paulo faz escola
Authors: Giavara Ana Paula , Marques de Freitas Barreiro Iraíde
Published: July 2016

No âmbito do programa educacional São Paulo faz escola(2008-2012), este artigo oferece ao leitor uma visão crítica acerca do processo de proposição e implementação do currículo de História em duas escolas públicas do interior paulista. Partindo da reforma curricular paulista da década de 1980, busca delinear uma trajetória para as discussões acerca do ensino de História na contemporaneidade. Para tanto, utiliza documentos da reestruturação curricular elaborados pela Secretaria da Educação estadual, depoimentos dos sujeitos educacionais, bem como observações do cotidiano escolar. Partilha da perspectiva cultural de análise da escola, que confere autenticidade às ações de seus sujeitos e interroga como professores de História e gestores escolares participaram do processo de elaboração e implementação do referido currículo.
Sistema UAB: a visão dos coordenadores de polos de apoio presenciais da região Sul
Authors: Pagel Eidelwein Monica , Eclai de Vargas Gil Vicente Dilce , Renata da Cruz Duran Maria
Published: July 2016

O sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB) é composto pelo esforço das instituições de ensino superior, do governo federal (representado pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior, Capes) e dos municípios e estados, que cumprem a função de criar e manter os chamados polos de apoio presencial. Num modelo de ensino a distância como o brasileiro, em que a modalidade é semipresencial, os polos de apoio presencial representam o locusdesse tipo de formação docente. A partir da visão dos coordenadores de polos de apoio presenciais da região Sul, tentamos dar uma ideia do que seja esse sistema, qual sua contribuição e quais seus dilemas.
Educação online colaborativa: implicações teórico-metodológicas de uma nova modalidade de ensino e aprendizagem
Authors: José Betti Galasso Bruno , Trento Rebello de Souza Denise
Published: July 2016

O artigo problematiza alguns elementos básicos da educação online. Considera que a vida nas sociedades contemporâneas é atravessada pelas Tecnologias Digitais de Comunicação e Informação (TDIC) e que, portanto, a educação se beneficiaria desse suporte na revisão de seu modo de operar. Parte de pesquisa concluída recentemente sobre educação onlinepara apresentar alguns dos elementos essenciais dessa modalidade de ensino, tais como trabalho colaborativo, interação, virtualização e hipermídia, bem como para refletir sobre características e sobre o lugar docente na educação online.
Entrevista – Celso José da Costa
Authors: Alberti Verena , Duran Maria Renata Da Cruz
Published: July 2016

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A expansão e a avaliação dos cursos de História no Brasil
Authors: Robl Fabiane , Dias de Mello Paulo Eduardo
Published: July 2016

O artigo aborda a relação entre a expansão e a avaliação dos cursos de História no Brasil, entre os anos de 2004 e 2012. A expansão dos cursos é analisada sob a ótica da categoria administrativa das Instituições de Educação Superior (público versusprivado) e da organização acadêmica (Universidades, Centros Universitários, Faculdades e Institutos de Tecnologia). Na análise dos resultados das avaliações são considerados o conceito Enade e o Conceito Preliminar de Curso (CPC). Cabe destacar que as análises trarão o comparativo entre os cursos de Formação de Professores de História e os Cursos de Bacharelado em História.
Consumo de lácteos durante la infancia y la adolescencia, ¿protege del riesgo cardiometabólico?
Authors: Santaliestra-Pasías Alba M. , Bel-Serrat Silvia , Moreno Luis A. , Bueno Gloria
Published: July 2016

Introducción: la elevada prevalencia de obesidad en niños es un problema de salud global y conlleva el desarrollo de comorbilidades asociadas, como hipertensión, dislipemia, inflamación crónica e hiperinsulinemia, que a su vez son reconocidos factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Algunos estudios han observado que el consumo de productos lácteos podría ejercer un papel protector sobre el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares; sin embargo, la evidencia científica es bastante limitada en niños y adolescentes.Objetivos: investigar la relación entre el consumo de productos lácteos y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en poblaciones jóvenes.Material y métodos: se ha revisado la literatura reciente, incluyendo adicionalmente datos procedentes del estudio HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence). Se incluyó una muestra de adolescentes (12,5-17,5 años) provenientes de 8 ciudades europeas.Resultados: datos estadounidenses muestran una disminución en la frecuencia de consumo de leche, así como en el tamaño de la porción consumida. En el estudio HELENA los productos lácteos fueron el grupo de alimentos que mejor identificó a los adolescentes con bajo riesgo cardiovascular. Además, un consumo elevado de leche y yogur, así como de bebidas a base de leche y yogur, se asoció con niveles más bajos de grasa corporal, menor riesgo cardiovascular y mayor condición física cardiorrespiratoria.Conclusiones: son necesarios más estudios para proporcionar evidencia y comprender mejor los mecanismos subyacentes de la asociación entre la ingesta de lácteos, especialmente el yogur, y la obesidad, la diabetes, y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular.
Nutrición en enfermedad inﬂamatoria intestinal
Authors: Martínez Gómez María Josefa , Melián Fernández Cristóbal , Romeo Donlo María
Published: July 2016

La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) es una patología crónica que cursa en brotes. En los últimos años se ha visto un aumento de la incidencia, sobre todo en edades más tempranas. La malnutrición se encuentra frecuentemente asociada a esta patología, por tanto, es de vital importancia una intervención nutricional adecuada, especialmente en pacientes pediátricos, que intente asegurar no solo un óptimo crecimiento, sino también una mejoría de la clínica. Nuestro objetivo será actualizar, según la evidencia publicada, el conocimiento del papel de la nutrición en la enfermedad y en el tratamiento de la misma. La desnutrición en estos pacientes es frecuente y se ve influida por varios factores, como son la disminución de la ingesta alimentaria, el aumento de las necesidades de nutrientes, el aumento de las pérdidas proteicas y la malabsorción de los nutrientes. Por esto se debería realizar un seguimiento nutricional a todos ellos en el que se hicieran mediciones antropométricas, determinaciones analíticas y densitometría, para establecer las necesidades y el aporte calórico suficiente adaptado a cada paciente. El uso de la nutrición enteral como tratamiento en la enfermedad de Crohn con brote leve-moderado en población infantil está ampliamente demostrado; incluso ha demostrado ser superior al uso de corticoides. Por todo ello podemos concluir recalcando que la intervención nutricional es un pilar fundamental en el manejo de los pacientes con EII, cuya finalidad es evitar y/o controlar la desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad para disminuir su morbimortalidad y mejorar su calidad de vida.
Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Talus
Authors: Gross Christopher E. , Sershon Robert A. , Frank Jonathan M. , Easley Mark E. , Holmes George B.
Published: July 2016

➢ More than 60% of the talar surface area consists of articular cartilage, thereby limiting the possible locations for vascular infiltration and leaving the talus vulnerable to osteonecrosis.

➢ Treatment strategies for talar osteonecrosis can be grouped into four categories: nonsurgical, surgical-joint sparing, surgical-salvage, and joint-sacrificing treatments. Nonoperative and joint-sparing treatments include restricted weight-bearing, patellar tendon-bearing braces, bone-grafting, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, internal implantation of a bone stimulator, core decompression, and vascularized or non-vascularized autograft, whereas joint-sacrificing or salvage procedures include talar replacement (partial or total) and arthrodesis.

➢ In patients with a Ficat and Arlet grade-I through III osteonecrosis, evidence in favor of a specific treatment is poor, although tibiotalar or tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis may represent a suitable salvage operation.
Bio-efficacy of Clerodendrum capitatum (Willd) Schumachet. Thonn. (Lamiales: Verbenaceae) against Dermestes maculatus De Geer, 1774 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) larvae infestation on smoked catfish Claria gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Siluriformes: Clariidae)
Authors: Adesina Jacobs Mobolade , Jose Adeolu Rufus , Rajashekar Yallappa
Published: July 2016

Studies were conducted under ambient condition to assess the efficacy of Clerodendrum capitatum (Willd) Schumachet. Thonn. (Lamiales: Verbenaceae) against larvae infestation and adult emergence of Dermestes maculatus De Geer, 1774 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on smoked dried catfish Claria gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Siluriformes: Clariidae). The leaf powder was admixed at 2.5 g, 3.0 g, 4.0 g and 5.0 g/15 g to disinfected smoke-dried catfish Clarias gariepinus separately in a 125 mL plastic container. Ten newly emerged (0-72 h) larvae of D. maculatus were introduced into each of the plastic containers. Efficacy of Clerodendrum capitatum was assessed based on percentage larval mortality, adult emergence reduction and weight loss. Results showed that the plant powder cause significantly (p < 0.05) larval mortality compared to the untreated fish at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post infestation. Percentage reduction of adult emergence was not significant (p > 0.05) in treated fish samples compared to untreated sample. While fish sample protected with powder of Clerodendrum capitatum, exhibit significant (p < 0.05) low weight loss as against weight loss observed in untreated fish. The efficacy of Clerodendrum capitatum is inversely proportional to increase in dosage rate. This study clearly demonstrated the larvicidal potential of Clerodendrum capitatum powder in offering effective protection against infestation and damage by D. maculatus and recommended for utilization in integrated post-harvest management strategies of smoke-dried fish.
Inventory in situ of plant resources used as fuel in the Semiarid Region of Northeast Brazil
Authors: Lima Gleicy Deise Santos , Lima José Ribamar de Farias , Silva Núbia da , Oliveira Rodrigo Silva de , Lucena Reinaldo Farias Paiva
Published: July 2016

Timber resources are constantly used by traditional communities to meet their everyday needs. Assuming the importance and use of these resources for energy purposes, we applied the inventory in situ method, over 12 months, aiming to identify the species most used as firewood and charcoal, their dynamics of renewal, and species availability in the forest fragment studied. The study was conducted in the Rural Community of São Francisco, Municipality of Cabaceiras (Paraíba State, Northeast Brazil). Overall, we recorded 15 species, 14 genera, and 6 botanical families, from which Fabaceae (8 spp) and Anacardiaceae (3 spp) were the most prominent, due to having greater diversity of species. The most used native species in the community was Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (aroeira) and we also recorded the constant use of Prosopis juliflora (algaroba), which is an exotic species. The results evidenced the effective use of natural resources, and may complement in general ethnobotanical studies.
Relative importance of medicinal plants in the Semi-Arid Region of Paraíba: a case study in the Municipality of Congo (Paraíba, Northeast Brazil)
Authors: Souza André dos Santos , Souza Adriana Paula Braz de , Lucena Reinaldo Farias Paiva de
Published: July 2016

The study aimed to identify the ethnospecies used as phytotherapics in the treatment of diseases in the Rural Community of Santa Rita, municipality of Congo (Paraíba State, Northeast Brazil). We interviewed 93 informants (53 women and 40 men). The interviewees cited 37 vernacular names of plants, distributed in 38 species. Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Bignoniaceae and Anacardiaceae were the most representative families. According to the calculation of the species’ relative importance, Syderoxylon obtusifolium, Ximenia americana, Myracodruon urundeuva, Cnidoscolus quercifolius, Ziziphus joazeiro and Trabebuia sp lead the ranking of the species cited, with relative importance RI > 1. These species are used to treat fairly common diseases among the community members, such as infections and pains in general. Data evidenced the current use of the most versatile species, as well as other less cited ones. Thus it is necessary to conduct more studies and produce more management plans to reduce the impact on them, especially on M. urundeuva.
The occurrence of heterophyid metacercariae in a stream linked aquatic reservoirs, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Echi Paul Chinedu , Ezeala Victoria Chimuanya
Published: July 2016

The study of teleost parasites in an ecologically altered ecosystem through dam construction that evidently facilitate parasitic infections and aggravate public health concerns is essential. The study of stream linked dam showed that Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848), Pelmatolapia mariae (Boulenger, 1899) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) form the major fish composition of these reservoirs. They serve important food resource globally especially places bereft of extensive aquaculture practices. Although, knowledge about the gill parasites of P. mariae is inexistent the examined individual P. mariae showed that it had 54% Heterophyes heterophyes infection, C. gariepinus had no parasitic infection whereas T. zillii had a relatively very low Batrachobdelloides spp (1.7%). Besides, the highest DO levels in the dam occasioned by high agitation and floatation the physical factors conditions - pH and DO (> 6 mg.L^-1) had suitable levels for biodiversity.
Withdrawn: Hepatoprotective effects of Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllales: Zygophyllaceae) hydro-alcholic extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver-induced rats
Authors: Almasi Fatemeh , Khazaei Mozafar , Chehrei Shima , Ghanbari Ali
Published: July 2016

Non-alcoholic fatty liver induces many complications to the liver tissue and also serum related parameters. Medicinal plants are the safe therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diseases. In this regards, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllales: Zygophyllaceae) extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats. In this experimental study, thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). Animals in experimental groups were received high fructose diet (70%) (HDF) daily alone or in combined with daily intraperitoneal injection of 500, 700 and 1,000 mg/kg extract of T. terrestris. Control group of rats was feed with standard chow. The serum levels of biomarkers of liver and serum lipid profiles were assessed, also histopathological examination of liver tissue done. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA method followed by Tukey’s post-hoc multiple comparison test and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. There were significant improvements for biomarkers of liver tissue (P < 0.05) and serum lipid profiles (P < 0.01) in the HFD-fed rats that were treated with T. terrestris extract compare to HFD-fed group. In addition, accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes was significantly reduced in the HFD-fed + extract administrated groups in comparison to HFD-fed rats (P < 0.01). T. terrestris extract has protective effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver by changing biomarkers of liver tissue, serum lipid profiles and histopathological anomalies of liver tissue, to normal range.
Effect of adding L-carnitine and Protexin(R) probiotic on performance and some blood parameters of ostrich chickens
Authors: Fallah Rozbeh , Mirzaei Enayat
Published: July 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding L-carnitine and Protexin(R) probiotic on performance and some blood parameters of ostrich chickens. In this study, a total of 48 one-day old ostrich chicks randomly divided into four treatment groups. Each treatment comprised of 4 replicates and 3 animals in each replicate and reared for 8 week. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were: Treatment 1 (Control): Basal diet without supplementation; Treatment 2: Protexin(R) probiotic with level of 1 kg/t; Treatment 3: L-carnitine 500 mg/kg diet; Treatment 4: Protexin(R) probiotic with level of 500 kg/t + L-carnitine 250 mg/kg diet. The results of this study indicated that diet supplementation with L-carnitine and Protexin(R) probiotic increased ostrich chickens weight and feed intake at 8 weeks of age in comparison to other treatment groups. The other results showed no significant differences in feed conversion ratio (FCR) among different treatments at 8 week of ages and Broilers receiving L-carnitine + Protexin(R) probiotic had lowest FCR compared to the other tratment groups. Furthermore, diet supplementation with L-carnitine and Protexin(R) probiotic increased blood glucose concentration of ostrich chickens at 8 weeks of age in comparison to other treatment groups. Futher result showed that birds received L-carnitine + Protexin(R) probiotic had lowest total cholesterol in compersion to other treatment groups and birds receiving L-carnitine and Protexin(R) probiotic had lower HDL, LDL, and VLDL concentrations in compersion control group. There were no significant effect in calcium and phosphorus concentrations between control and other treatment groups.
Screening, isolation and identification of microorganisms from petrochemical contaminated environment
Authors: Oladeji Solomon Oluwole , Odelade Kehinde Abraham
Published: July 2016

Soil is comprised of minerals, soil organic matter, water and air. The composition and proportion of these components greatly influence soil physical properties like structure and porosity. Soil bacteria and fungi play pivotal roles in various biogeochemical cycles and are responsible for the cycling of organic compounds. The view on the microbiological safety of drinking water is changing. The demand for the total absence of any pathogenic organism is no longer significant in light of the new pathogens, some of which are capable of growing in drinking water systems. This is mainly due to many pollutants that are present at much higher concentrations in groundwater than they are in most contaminated surface supplies. In order to determine the microbes, soil and water samples were collected from petrochemical industry, Eleme, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, for microbiological analysis. This was carried out by the isolation, assessment and characterization of the isolated organisms. The highest bacterial counts was determined in soil sample 1 (SS1) and water sample 4 (WS4) with microbial loads of 1.48 x 10^6 cfu/mL and 9.40 x 10^5 cfu/mL and the lowest count was found in soil sample 2 (SS2) and water sample 2 (WS2) with microbial load 2.90 x 105 cfu/mL and 3.67 x 10^4 cfu/mL. The highest fungal counts was determined in soil sample 2 (SS2) and water sample1 (WS1) with microbial loads of 1.76 x 10^6 cfu/mL and 2.17 x 10^6 cfu/mL and the least colonies was in soil sample 1 (SS1) and water sample 2 (WS2) with microbial counts of 1.75 x 10^5 cfu/mL and 4.30 x 10^4 cfu/mL. The results present that the presence of these microbes can be linked to the prehistory of the effects or contamination of surface and underground water in this region and could leads to water-borne diseases.
Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of flavonoids and total phenolics in methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Senna alata (L.) Roxb. (Fabales: Fabaceae)
Authors: Oladeji Solomon Oluwole
Published: July 2016

Herbal medicine has proved as a major source of therapeutic agents. They have been used to combat bacterial and fungal related infections and diseases. People depend on medicinal plants such as Senna alata (L.) Roxb. (Fabales: Fabaceae) without the knowledge of the chemical composition of the plant. Therefore, there is a need to examine the bioactive components that are present in S. alata. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts were obtained using soxhlet apparatus and the concentrated extracts were purified using column chromatography. The fractions were eluted and investigated for the presence of total flavonoids and phenolics. The values of thin-layer chromatographic analysis for the leaf, flower and fruit extracts of S. alata when compared to gallic acid and quercetrin (standard) showed that the fractions contained a chemical component in the class of gallic acid and quercetrin, respectively. The presence of total phenolic and flavonoids could be responsible for the observed antifungal and antibacterial activities of the plant. It could be concluded that this plant is a natural source of antimicrobial substances of high importance and are useful in antiseptic and disinfectant formulation as well as in chemotherapy.
Withdrawn: Rubenstein-Taybi Syndrome with bilateral absence of patella: a case report
Authors: Ganji-Harsini Sedigheh , Seydi Sepide , Ghanbari Ali , Sedighi Mostafa , Khazali Mazyar , Falahi Mahsa
Published: July 2016

Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome (RTS) is a neuromuscular syndrome which is mainly characterized by a delay in growth, psychomotor retardation, duplication of the distal phalanx of the thumbs, typical facial dimorphism. Absence of patella that causes difficulties in walking is extremely rare and occurs usually with other signs of a syndrome. Bilateral absence of patella was seen during clinical examination of a case suffered to Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome. The case was a six-year-old full term born boy, with deformed knees since birth admitted to Farabi Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran, at September 2015. The physical signs were similar to the previously reported cases, except the absence of patella.
Diagnostic mistake and wrong treatment of cutaneous myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Osorio José Henry
Published: July 2016

There are many reports of myiasis in humans. However for some clinicians still remain some questions about the convenience of early treatment when facing this kind of problems. The present study shows how doctors have to be clear to treat myiasis, based on a diagnostic mistake and wrong treatment of a 67 year-old woman who resided in an urban area of Chinchiná, a municipality located in the department of Caldas in Colombia, who was parasitized by larvae of the screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). The objective of the present work is to analyze a real clinical situation, trying to clarify the difference between natural infestations vs therapeutic treatment using maggots, and how treatment has to be perform as prompt as possible for natural infestations, in order to avoid undesirable consequences for patients suffering myiasis. It can be concluded that occurrences of traumatic myiasis in humans represent serious public health concerns, then health personnel dealing with patients presenting myiasis, have to initiate immediate treatment to eliminate the larvae using the available methods in order to guard the patient's security.
Vizuális kommunikáció: a 21. század domináns közlésmódja a kortárs művészetben és tudományban, megjelenése a vizuális nevelésben
Authors: Bubik Veronika , Simon Tünde
Published: July 2016

A 20. században elkezdődtek azok a változások, melyek a verbalitással szemben előtérbe helyezték a vizualitást. Ennek következtében a képekhez, a vizuális információhoz és a vizualitáshoz való viszonyunk jelentős mértékben átalakult. A vizuális megismerés és kommunikáció egyre összetettebb elemei és műveletei közötti eligazodás igénye ráirányította a figyelmet a képi gondolkodás és elemzés megismerésére, a vizuális nyelv megértésére és a vizuális nevelésre. A vizuális kommunikáció elismert, de máig formálódó diszciplína. Ennek ellenére és ezzel együtt a jelentősége és relevanciája a hétköznapi életben, az oktatásban és a tudományban egyaránt vitathatatlan. Egyre sürgetőbb igénnyel jelenik meg a vizuális kommunikáció fogalomrendszerének tisztázása, hiszen egyetemi jegyzetekben és a nemzeti kurrikulumban is megtalálható. A tanulmány a vizuális kommunikáció konceptuális hátterének bemutatása és rendszerezése mellett, a kortárs művészetben, a tudományban és a vizuális nevelésben elfoglalt helyére fókuszál.
Factores de éxito emprendedor en dos municipios de la montaña de Guerrero, México
Authors: Morales Jiménez Juan
Published: July 2016

El Objetivo del trabajo fue identificar la motivación para el emprendimiento y los factores del éxito competitivo de los emprendedores de pequeños negocios que se ubican en la  Montaña de Guerrero, México. Se aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas cerradas, con una escala de tipo Lickert, con variables de los factores económicos, psicológicos, sociales y culturales para identificar diferencias de emprendimiento y del éxito competitivo. Estas diferencias fueron medidas con base en la importancia que el dueño le asignó a las acciones de desarrollo del negocio. Con la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney se evaluó estadísticamente si había diferencias en el éxito competitivo entre los municipios de Huamustitlán y Metlatonoc. Los resultados indicaron que la mayoría de los emprendedores son jóvenes y en su mayoría son mujeres, quienes inician la microempresa con ahorros propios y predomina en su operación la informalidad. El factor económico de motivación para emprender una microempresa o negocio fue la mejora en el ingreso. El principal factor  psicológico  fue la confianza en el éxito del negocio, siendo importante la motivación del o la conyugue. El factor social fue el desempleo y el factor espacial fue la buena ubicación del negocio. Al comparar entre municipios, se encontró diferencia estadística significativa entre ellos (p ≤ 0.001) para todos los factores evaluados. El análisis de regresión logística binaria indicó que las variables de mayor peso para la consolidación o éxito de las empresas de los emprendedores de la Montaña de Guerrero son la edad, la escolaridad y el lugar donde estén ubicados.