bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Falder æblet langt fra stammen? Status på den intergenerationelle transmission i kriminalitet
Authors: Tegner Anker Anne Sofie
Published: April 2023

Som det er tilfældet på en lang række områder, har familiebaggrund også en central betydning for risikoen for at begå kriminalitet. Særligt sammenhængen mellem forældres kriminalitet og børnenes kriminalitetsrisiko – altså den intergenerationelle transmission i kriminalitet – har optaget kriminologien, og flere studier dokumenterer, at børn, hvis forældre har begået kriminalitet, har betydeligt større risiko for selv at begå kriminalitet end børn med mere lovlydige forældre. Denne artikel opsummerer den kvantitative forskning indenfor den intergenerationelle transmission i kriminalitet, opridser de gængse forklaringsmodeller bag transmissionen og dykker ned i to udvalgte tematikker, nemlig betydningen af familieformer samt betydningen af straf.
Storbyernes boligmarked præges i højere grad af social arv
Authors: Caspersen Sune
Published: April 2023

Forældrekøb fylder meget i de store studiebyer, hvor det især er de mindre ejerlejligheder, der er populære at udleje til sine børn. I mange år har forældrekøb været vel nok den mest fordelagtige måde at yde støtte til sine børn for rige og formuende forældre, når man ser på de skattemæssige fordele, som fænomenet åbner for. Større politisk bevågenhed i de senere år har dog taget hånd om nogle af de skattemæssige skævheder, mens skattemyndighederne udfordrer en gammel praksis, der har tilladt millionoverførsler fra forældre til børn uden afgiftsberegning.
The possibility of using psychotherapeutic elements of traditional Chinese drama in modern theatrical culture
Authors: Jin Chenyuan
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the history of theatrical therapy in the no-si ritual drama. It is shown that, in general, the ritual elements of the no-si drama can be used in modern drama therapy. In addition, dramatic therapy, which is implied by the author in this article, is somewhat different from the modern concept of psychodrama, since it covers large areas of the human psyche. The author believes that it is not necessary to completely ignore this complex area of human culture, because regardless of function or form, dramatic therapy is closely related to the shamanic ritual of healing. The formation of the Chinese national drama took place in the context of the historical development of China. Having originated in the most ancient forms of shamanic rituals, the theatrical performance has evolved into a unique stage genre. Along with other earliest theatrical forms such as ancient Greek theater and ancient Indian drama, Chinese opera originated several centuries before our era, but unlike them it has survived to this day almost unchanged. Now Chinese traditional opera occupies an important place in the list of intangible heritage not only of China itself, but also of the whole world. One of the most important milestones in the development of theatrical art in China was the ritual drama "no-si", which today the ritual drama no-si in China is called a real "living fossil", because it is the oldest cultural form that has come down to us through the centuries. Archaic religious rituals, reflected in modern theatrical performances, testify to the mixing and syncretization of various religious traditions, including no-rituals and no-si drama, and modernity. The current generation is successfully modernizing the tradition of its ancestors in accordance with the times, preserving it in the centuries-old cultural memory of its people.
Svep1 is a binding ligand of Tie1 and affects specific aspects of facial lymphatic development in a Vegfc-independent manner
Authors: Hußmann Melina , Schulte Dörte , Weischer Sarah , Carlantoni Claudia , Nakajima Hiroyuki , Mochizuki Naoki , Stainier Didier YR , Zobel Thomas , Koch Manuel , Schulte-Merker Stefan
Published: April 2023

Multiple factors are required to form functional lymphatic vessels. Here, we uncover an essential role for the secreted protein Svep1 and the transmembrane receptor Tie1 during the development of subpopulations of the zebrafish facial lymphatic network. This specific aspect of the facial network forms independently of Vascular endothelial growth factor C (Vegfc) signalling, which otherwise is the most prominent signalling axis in all other lymphatic beds. Additionally, we find that multiple specific and newly uncovered phenotypic hallmarks ofsvep1mutants are also present intie1, but not intie2orvegfcmutants. These phenotypes are observed in the lymphatic vasculature of both head and trunk, as well as in the development of the dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel under reduced flow conditions. Therefore, our study demonstrates an important function for Tie1 signalling during lymphangiogenesis as well as blood vessel development in zebrafish. Furthermore, we show genetic interaction betweensvep1andtie1in vivo, during early steps of lymphangiogenesis, and demonstrate that zebrafish as well as human Svep1/SVEP1 protein bind to the respective Tie1/TIE1 receptors in vitro. Since compound heterozygous mutations forSVEP1andTIE2have recently been reported in human glaucoma patients, our data have clinical relevance in demonstrating a role for SVEP1 in TIE signalling in an in vivo setting.
The evolution of colistin resistance increases bacterial resistance to host antimicrobial peptides and virulence
Authors: Jangir Pramod K , Ogunlana Lois , Szili Petra , Czikkely Marton , Shaw Liam P , Stevens Emily J , Yu Yang , Yang Qiue , Wang Yang , Pál Csaba , Walsh Timothy R , MacLean Craig R
Published: April 2023

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer a promising solution to the antibiotic resistance crisis. However, an unresolved serious concern is that the evolution of resistance to therapeutic AMPs may generate cross-resistance to host AMPs, compromising a cornerstone of the innate immune response. We systematically tested this hypothesis using globally disseminated mobile colistin resistance (MCR) that has been selected by the use of colistin in agriculture and medicine. Here, we show that MCR provides a selective advantage to Escherichia coli in the presence of key AMPs from humans and agricultural animals by increasing AMP resistance. Moreover, MCR promotes bacterial growth in human serum and increases virulence in a Galleria mellonella infection model. Our study shows how the anthropogenic use of AMPs can drive the accidental evolution of resistance to the innate immune system of humans and animals. These findings have major implications for the design and use of therapeutic AMPs and suggest that MCR may be difficult to eradicate, even if colistin use is withdrawn.
Transcriptomic profiling of tissue environments critical for post-embryonic patterning and morphogenesis of zebrafish skin
Authors: Aman Andrew J , Saunders Lauren M , Carr August A , Srivatasan Sanjay , Eberhard Colten , Carrington Blake , Watkins-Chow Dawn , Pavan William J , Trapnell Cole , Parichy David M
Published: April 2023

Pigment patterns and skin appendages are prominent features of vertebrate skin. In zebrafish, regularly patterned pigment stripes and an array of calcified scales form simultaneously in the skin during post-embryonic development. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate stripe patterning and scale morphogenesis may lead to the discovery of fundamental mechanisms that govern the development of animal form. To learn about cell types and signaling interactions that govern skin patterning and morphogenesis, we generated and analyzed single-cell transcriptomes of skin from wild-type fish as well as fish having genetic or transgenically induced defects in squamation or pigmentation. These data reveal a previously undescribed population of epidermal cells that express transcripts encoding enamel matrix proteins, suggest hormonal control of epithelial–mesenchymal signaling, clarify the signaling network that governs scale papillae development, and identify a critical role for the hypodermis in supporting pigment cell development. Additionally, these comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic data representing skin phenotypes of biomedical relevance should provide a useful resource for accelerating the discovery of mechanisms that govern skin development and homeostasis.
Missense mutations in CRX homeodomain cause dominant retinopathies through two distinct mechanisms
Authors: Zheng Yiqiao , Sun Chi , Zhang Xiaodong , Ruzycki Philip A , Chen Shiming
Published: April 2023

Homeodomain transcription factors (HD TFs) are instrumental to vertebrate development. Mutations in HD TFs have been linked to human diseases, but their pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we use Cone-Rod Homeobox (CRX) as a model to decipher the disease-causing mechanisms of two HD mutations, p.E80A and p.K88N, that produce severe dominant retinopathies. Through integrated analysis of molecular and functional evidence in vitro and in knock-in mouse models, we uncover two novel gain-of-function mechanisms: p.E80A increases CRX-mediated transactivation of canonical CRX target genes in developing photoreceptors; p.K88N alters CRX DNA-binding specificity resulting in binding at ectopic sites and severe perturbation of CRX target gene expression. Both mechanisms produce novel retinal morphological defects and hinder photoreceptor maturation distinct from loss-of-function models. This study reveals the distinct roles of E80 and K88 residues in CRX HD regulatory functions and emphasizes the importance of transcriptional precision in normal development.
Extracts from Acta Literaria et Scientiarum Sveciæ, Volumen Quartum (1735–1739)
Authors: Sparschuch Johan , Wallerius Nils , Celsius Anders
Published: April 2023

The file is a facsimile of extracts from the fourth volume of the Acta Literaria et Scientiarum Sveciae, comprising all articles on the aurora borealis in issues of the journal covering the years 1735 to 1739. For a detailed summary of contents, see the introduction by Per Pippin Aspaas.
Acta Literaria et Scientiarum Sveciæ, Volumen Tertium
Authors: Societas Regia Literaria et Scientiarum
Published: April 2023

This file contains the entire third volume of the Acta (Proceedings) of the Uppsala-based Societas Regia Literaria et Scientiarum (Royal Society of Learning and Sciences, or Kungl. Vetenskaps-Societeten i Uppsala).
A influência do ensino superior no planejamento financeiro pessoal dos acadêmicos ingressantes e concluintes do curso de administração da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul – Campus de Nova Andradina
Authors: Da Silva Thaís Nogueira , Da Silveira Vítor Cardoso , Eduardo Antonio Sérgio , Ribeiro José Soares , Chaebo Gemael , Schotten Paulo César , Fachin Solange
Published: April 2023

O planejamento financeiro pessoal é um instrumento essencial para qualquer indivíduo, visto que o nível de endividamento dos brasileiros tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Diante de tal fato o conhecimento de um controle financeiro é capaz de prover um auxílio nas decisões financeiras da população. Neste cenário é importante realçar o papel de uma educação financeira eficaz. Este artigo tem como objetivo principal verificar o grau de influência que o ensino superior exerce sobre o planejamento financeiro dos acadêmicos do curso de administração da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul – Campus de Nova Andradina, para tal foi empregado um questionário composto por 9 (nove) questões fechadas, aplicado para 67 acadêmicos distribuídos entre ingressantes e concluintes. A pesquisa se caracterizou como exploratória e descritiva, e com relação aos dados estes tiveram uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Dentre os resultados encontrados, observou-se que os discentes se sentem seguros com relação ao gerenciamento de seus recursos, porém não são todos que efetuam um planejamento financeiro. Destacou-se ainda assuntos relativos à temática além de ferramentas como o orçamento e fluxo de caixa, capazes de serem aplicados para uma boa gestão financeira pessoal.
Homoeopathy approach in the management of urinary tract infection: a systemic review.
Authors: Shinde Rajendra E. , Sunderlal Singh Longjam
Published: April 2023

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common, distressing, and occasionally life-threatening condition. UTI may be defined as a condition in which bacteria enter, persist and multiply within the urinary tract. The infection is mostly caused by Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas and Proteus. The incidence of UTI is 0.5 to 0.7 episodes per person per year in females of whom 25% of them have recurrences.Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to summarize and review the available literature on effectiveness of homoeopathic medicines and their therapeutics for the treatment of Urinary Tract Infections.Material and Methods: All the available literature in the form of book and scientific data from various databases such as PubMed , Google Scholar , Medline and Science Direct are used for the review.Conclusion : The available literature suggests that homoepathic approach has been effective in treating the cases of Urinary Tract Infection . More work should be done to increase the evidence for those homoeopathic management that are not commonly used for daily practice for Urinary Tract Infections through large and well documented RCT designed studies
Exploration of Novel Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mumtaz Shaista , Rashid Abid , Akram Muhammad , Laila Umme , Iftikhar Momina , Anwar Hina , Zainab Rida , Talha Khalil Muhammad , Jafari-Sales Abolfazl , Fikry Elbossaty Walaa , Seydou Mbaye El Hadji , Mahran Aslam Muhammad , M. Amer Mohamed , Prasad Aharwal Ravindra , Sołowski Gaweł , Ben Said Mourad
Published: April 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder in which the body does not produce enough or respond to insulin normally, resulting in an abnormal increase in blood glucose levels. 90% of diabetes cases in pregnant women are gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). It is known that fluctuations in the level of glucose and its irregularity led to disturbances in the health of both mother and fetus.The therapeutic strategies and options for the treatment of gestational diabetes are highlighted in this review. We havereviewed medicinal plants used in the treatment of gestational diabetes. Literature review indicates that medicinal plants are effective in treating osteoarthritis and have been clinically and scientifically proven. Natural medicines have been the subject of chemical studies and many plants are the subject of clinical trials. Their results are remarkable and significant. However, scientific exploration for bioactive constituents is becoming increasingly important and their mechanisms of actions to treat GDM are still ongoing.
Homoeopathic management of gastritis: a review.
Authors: Susanna Alajangi , Suresh Manhas Sushma
Published: April 2023

Helicobacter pylori and bile reflux are the main causes of diffuse, acute or chronic stomach inflammation known as gastritis. The most frequent disorder seen in clinical practice is this one.  Changes in dietary practices, such as irregular meal times, fast food, and addictions to alcohol and tobacco use, can play a significant influence. Despite not being as fatal as other serious illnesses, the symptoms can be upsetting, make it difficult to enjoy daily life, and put a strain on both the mind and body. If gastritis is not treated quickly, serious problems such peptic ulcers and pyloric stenosis might result, followed by perforation. A significant part of homoeopathy in the management of gastritis is extremely effective in treating both chronic and acute gastritis symptoms. Furthermore, it is crucial in preventing a relapse of the illness. Homoeopathic drugs, on the other hand, are helpful in the prevention and treatment of many aliments. This study therefore lists typical homoeopathic medications that can be used to treat or ward off gastritis.
Understanding The Concept of Susceptibility and its Assessment on Respiratory Tract Infection (RTIs) : A review
Authors: Dr. Vinodini Vasantrao Patil  , Moirangthem Krishnakumari
Published: April 2023

Background:

Homoeopathy as a system of medicines & that deals with any disease condition in a holistic way brings to the needs of present scenario which possesses a better scope to reduce the recurrency of disease. Susceptibility is revealed by the reaction that occur when the host interacts with environmental factors by the sign and symptoms.  Respiratory tract infections is spreading rapidly within the communities & represent the third most frequent health problem across the globe due to microorganism. The disease is vulnerable to infection than the other parts of body. The intensity of symptoms can be ranged from mild to severe. Most of the incidence is underestimated because of infection are mild & not hampers the daily activities until severity. According to WHO data published in 2017 death in India due to RTI (i.e. lung disease) reaches 8, 96, 77 or 10.19% which India ranks 4th in the world & adolescent & adults have approximately 2-4 cold in a year. By assessing the susceptibility and proper selection of potency of simillimum can bring an ideal cure. The study was to understand the concept of susceptibility and its application in RTI disease.

Aim and Objective: The aim of the study is to review on the available literature with objective to subject each research paper in order to shed light on the current topic and to find the way for new research.

Methods: Databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline and Science Direct were used to search the articles.

CONCLUSION: This study suggested that the importance of assessment of Susceptibility in Homoeopathy which helps in evaluation of cases and selection of potency and the curative dose of simillimum. As Homoeopathic medicine gives effectively relief to the patient and restoration of the normal susceptibility is the basis of cure.

KEYWORDS:  Homoeopathy, RTI,  Susceptibility, Simillimum
Constitutional treatment in homoeopathy: a narrative review.
Authors: Bhagat Singh Laishram , Manhas Sushma S
Published: April 2023

Constitutional prescription is one of the most important aspects of the homoeopathic therapeutic process. It is a method to identify the constitution of an individual and treating the patient as a whole irrespective of names of the diseases and organs affected. The choice of remedy is entirely based on the individual’s totality of all mental and physical reactions. It is based on the Principle of Homoeopathy “SIMILIA SIMILIBUS CURANTER”. The aim is to summarize and review the available literature on the homoeopathic constitutional treatments. Research carried out from all available literature books and database such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library using Mesh Terms: “constitution and homeopathy”, “constitutional treatment”. Only the articles published in English language were selected. The study suggested that Homoeopathic Constitutional treatment is effective and has an important role in treating many diseases.
Comparison of 3% Hypertonic Saline and Mannitol in the Management of Children with Raised Intracranial Tension: A Research Protocol
Authors: Ramakrishnan Lavanya , Meshram Revatdham
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Raised Intracranial Tension (ICT) is a common medical emergency with varied aetiology. Immediate medical or surgical intervention is mandated in most cases. Conservatively, osmotherapy with 3% Hypertonic Saline (HTS) or Mannitol is the mainstay to reduce raised ICT. Additionally, the patient may also need surgical intervention along with osmotherapy. The need for the study: Cerebral oedema and raised ICT in children and its treatment protocol are under-estimated and need further research and study in terms of identification of the condition and the choice of osmotherapy, which is the cornerstone in treating raised ICT among others. Aim: To analyse the role of 3% HTS and mannitol and their individual efficacy in reducing intracranial pressure in children. Materials and Methods: An open-labeled, prospective study, where alternately patients between the age group of one month to 16 years admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a designated tertiary care hospital situated in the state of Maharashtra, in India from November 2020 to October 2022, diagnosed to have or showing signs and symptoms of raised ICT will be given 3% HTS or Mannitol after considering the exclusion criteria for each if any will be conducted. The patient will be treated with a fixed dose of either drug as pre-decided by the principal investigator and the secondary investigator and the patient will be monitored within the next hour for immediate effects and improvement in the clinical state of the patient as well as the immediate general outcome in terms of vitals and sensorium and final outcome in terms of discharge rate with neuromorbidity, if any, or resulting death in patients treated with either drug will be noted. The chi-square test, Fischer’sexact test for categorical data, and independent t-test for continuous data with normal distribution will be used to assess the relationship between various demographic, clinical, and aetiological characteristics and outcomes. The parameters that will be compared are sensorium, heart rate, respiratory rate and pattern, and Blood Pressure (BP) at admission. The above parameters will be monitored immediately after infusion of osmotherapy and the final outcome, as mentioned above, of patients on either of the drugs will be noted. The p-value of less than 0.05 will be considered significant.
Эволюционная история курообразных Евразии, "Природа"
Authors: Зеленков Н.В.
Published: April 2023

Эволюционная история курообразных птиц — характерных представителей современных наземных экосистем — остается слабо изученной. Эта группа достаточно хорошо представлена в палеонтологической летописи, однако до настоящего времени родственные связи многих ископаемых представителей не были надежно установлены. Новый филогенетический анализ скелетных признаков впервые позволяет реконструировать родственные отношения между важнейшими ископаемыми и современными представителями отряда; это проливает свет на эволюцию группы и историю становления современных фаунистических сообществ курообразных птиц Евразии.
Датские рожицы: крымские кранииды — взгляд из глубины времен, "Природа"
Authors: Комаров В.Н. , Самохвалов С.А. , Волкова Е.А. , Качалина М.Д.
Published: April 2023

Приведены общие сведения о брахиоподах, а также данные о новых находках краниид Danocrania tuberculata и D.polonica в отложениях датского яруса Горного Крыма.
Деревья-памятники природы Республики Крым, "Природа"
Authors: Плугатарь Ю.В. , Герасимчук В.Н.
Published: April 2023

Крым уникален своими природными богатствами, в числе которых деревья-старожилы возрастом несколько сотен лет и более. В нашей статье пойдет речь о деревьях-памятниках природы — особо охраняемых объектах республики, об изучении их жизненного состояния и работах по сохранению. Такие деревья представляют собой культурную, историческую и научную ценность для Российской Федерации.
ФРАГМЕНТ КОНЦА XII в. DIGESTUM NOVUM В СОБРАНИИ СПбИИ РАН: К ИСТОРИИ РЕЦЕПЦИИ РИМСКОГО ПРАВА В СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОЙ ИТАЛИИ, "Средние века"
Authors: Мажуга В.И.
Published: April 2023

В статье представлено детальное описание фрагмента с частями текста Дигест из книг XXXIX и XL (D. 39.6.42–40.2.13) и глоссами к нему. Фрагмент кодекса хранится в Научном архиве Санкт-Петербургского института истории Российской академии наук под шифром Карт. 625, № 28 и до сих пор не получил научного описания. В статье обоснована датировка фрагмента концом XII в. и показана его связь с традицией юридической школы в г. Пьяченца. В хронологическом ряду свидетелей ранней итальянской рукописной традиции Digestum Novum вновь выявленный фрагмент должен занять третье место. Фрагмент хорошо показывает непрерывную работу ученых юристов по исправлению так называемой «болонской» редакции Дигест. Показаны особенности работы корректора, сличавшего новый список Дигест и глоссы в нем с надежным рукописями. Отмечена редкая ссылка на чтение в рукописи, принадлежавшей глоссатору Плацентину. Показано, что основу глосс, содержащихся во фрагменте, составили глоссы Мартина Гозия. Приведено свидетельство того, что глоссы могли быть заимствованы из рукописи, принадлежавшей глоссатору Оттону Павийскому, ученику Плацентина. Попутно предложены дополнения и уточнения к наблюдениям Геро Долецалека, которые были сделаны на основе изучения фрагмента другого, несколько более позднего кодекса, содержащего части текста Дигест из той же книги XL (титулы 5–12) и первого титула следующей книги. При изучении петербургского фрагмента был использован в целом более ранний, чем в работе Долецалека, сравнительный материал из семи рукописей. Фрагмент помимо прочего ценен и тем, что сохранил инициал, выполненный в традициях школы г. Лукки, с изображением антропоморфной фигуры, напоминающей сирену, довольно редким для иконографии итальянских иллюминованных рукописей XII в.
НОРМА ПРИБЫЛИ В ВЕНЕЦИАНСКОЙ ТОРГОВЛЕ ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ XV в., "Средние века"
Authors: Рябова М.А.
Published: April 2023

В статье, посвященной проблеме доходности венецианской торговли в Средние века, рассматриваются различные методы, используемые для вычисления этого показателя на основании неполных и разрозненных количественных данных, доступных для первой половины XV в. Один из возможных подходов берет начало в идеях Адама Смита о том, что приблизительное представление о норме прибыли может дать размер рыночного процента на деньги, и обычно эти переменные соотносятся друг с другом в пропорции 2:1. Поскольку в средневековой Венеции наиболее привычной и общественно одобряемой формой процентной ссуды являлись принудительные займы правительству Республики, в соответствии с теорией Смита средняя норма прибыли находилась бы в интервале от 6 до 10% или от 10 до 20% в зависимости от того, процентная или текущая доходность по обязательствам государственного долга служила бы отправной точкой для рассуждений. Во второй половине статьи автор проверяет эту гипотезу, опираясь на эмпирические данные из бухгалтерской книги, известной как libro real nuovo фратерны Соранцо (1406–1434) и принадлежавшей семейному товариществу венецианских купцов братьев Донадо, Джакомо (Якопо), Пьеро и Лоренцо Соранцо. Средняя норма прибыли в торговле их фирмы рассчитывалась как выраженное в процентах отношение операционной прибыли к общей сумме средств, вложенных в этот вид деятельности, причем второй показатель вычислялся двумя разными способами – на основе оборота счетов товаров либо оборота счетов деловых предприятий, или «поездок». Полученное в результате значение доходности составило 9,64 или 9,98%, что в целом согласуется с гипотезой Смита и указывает на сравнительно умеренную оценку нормы прибыли в венецианской торговле XV в.
О СТАРЫХ И НОВЫХ ЛАКУНАХ В ИЗДАНИИ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ПО ИСТОРИИ РУССКО-ЛИВОНСКИХ ВЗАИМООТНОШЕНИЙ (в связи с публикацией М.Б. Бессудновой), "Средние века"
Authors: Полехов С.В.
Published: April 2023

Публикация источников по истории русско-ливонских отношений 1479 (1478) – 1481 гг., подготовленная М. Б. Бессудновой, знакомит русскоязычного читателя с многочисленными письмами по указанной теме, современными событиям и написанными по-немецки. Однако анализ этой публикации и ее сравнение с 13-м и 14-м томами немецкой публикации «Ливонских грамот», в которой опубликованы те же источники, выявляет многочисленные недочеты российского издания и заставляет оценивать его критически.
Бедаг Ж.-Ш., Бюбенисек М., Понсе О. Национальная Школа Хартий: 200 лет служения истории. Париж: Галлимар, 2021. 192 с., "Средние века"
Authors: Филиппов И.С.
Published: April 2023

Книга, опубликованная к двухсотлетнему юбилею Школы Хартий, представляет собой краткий, но информативный очерк ее истории, дополненный сведениями о ее современном состоянии, также о ее выпускниках и связанных с нею институциях. Книга снабжена библиографией и указателем имен и содержит богатый иллюстративный материал, она хорошо написана и помогает понять место Школы в исторической науке, культуре и общественной жизни Франции. Сожаление вызывают лишь ее относительно скромные размеры, не позволившие авторам лучше осветить некоторые аспекты истории Школы и больше рассказать о ее наиболее выдающихся преподавателях и выпускниках.
ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ МЕЖТОПЛИВНОЙ КОНКУРЕНЦИИ КАК ФАКТОРА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЦЕН НА ПРИРОДНЫЙ ГАЗ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Телегина Е.А. , Комлев С.Л. , Чапайкин Д.А.
Published: April 2023

Биржевые цены на природный газ в Европе на сегодняшний день характеризуются исключительно высокой волатильностью, которая снижает инвестиционную привлекательность газовой индустрии. Данную волатильность авторы статьи связывают со вступлением европейского газового рынка в период нестационарного развития, характеризующегося растущими объёмами безадресного СПГ с их дестабилизирующей рынок ролью. Авторы выделяют несколько последовательных этапов в трансформации механизмов ценообразования на природный газ. Историческая смена моделей ценообразования показана через призму межтопливной конкуренции на рынках. Произведён актуальный количественный анализ зависимости газовых цен от угля и нефти, отражающий описанные периоды. Построен качественный прогноз коридоров волатильности газовых цен в средне- и долгосрочной перспективах.
КОГДА И КАК ОБРАЗОВАЛАСЬ СОЛНЕЧНАЯ СИСТЕМА – ПОДСКАЖУТ МЕТЕОРИТЫ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Иванова М.
Published: April 2023

Откуда берутся метеориты и какую полезную информацию они нам несут Могла ли жизнь быть принесена на Землю вместе с метеоритным веществом Об этом рассказывает старший научный сотрудник лаборатории метеоритики и космохимики Института геохимии и аналитической химии им. В.И. Вернадского РАН Марина ИВАНОВА
ЭКОЛОГИЗАЦИЯ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ НЕ ЗАМЕНИТ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Мамедов Н.
Published: April 2023

Проблема формирования экологической грамотности актуализировалась на фоне наметившихся глобальных изменений в биосфере, неоднозначных последствий природопреобразующей деятельности человека и развития современных технологий. Нельзя не отметить и тот факт, что экологическая грамотность приобрела новое звучание в связи с пандемией COVID 19, приведшей почти к коллапсу различных сфер мирового развития.
ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ РОССИЙСКИХ НАУЧНЫХ ШКОЛ ВИЭ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Бутузов В.А.
Published: April 2023

Результаты развития возобновляемой энергетики (ВЭ) России в 2021 г.: всего 51.2 ГВт; 216 ТВт·ч/год; в том числе ГЭС – 50 ГВт; 210 ТВт·ч/год; ВЭС – 2.035 ГВт; 3.622 ТВт·ч/год; СЭС – 1.961 ГВт; 2.254 ТВт·ч/год, МГЭС – 1.22 ГВт; ГеоЭС – 0.084 ГВт; 0.422 ТВт·ч/год. Производители оборудования ВЭ представлены двумя заводами по фотоэнергетике, шестью заводами ВЭУ, изготовителями оборудования ГЭС, МГЭС, ГеоЭС. Приведены данные научного обеспечения развития ВЭ в 16 вузах и двух учреждениях РАН. Выделены пять вузовских научных школ в Москве (НИУ “МЭИ”, МГУ), в Санкт-Петербурге (СПбГПУ), в Екатеринбурге (УРФУ), в Челябинске (ЮУрГУ). Для каждой из научных школ указаны основные направления работы и их лидеры, тематика научных публикаций за последние пять лет, число диссертаций по ВЭ, научные достижения. Отмечено сотрудничество НИУ “МЭИ” и СПбГПУ с головной организацией РФ по ВЭ – ПАО “РусГидро”, их ведущие научные позиции по гидроэнергетике, в том числе в арктических условиях.
КАКОЙ ПУТЬ ПРИВЕДЕТ К УПРАВЛЯЕМОМУ ТЕРМОЯДУ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Ваганов А.
Published: April 2023

Вдекабре прошлого года Министерство энергетики США на специально созванной пресс-конференции объявило, что ученым Ливерморской национальной лаборатории Лоуренса (LLNL, Калифорния) удалось получить в реакции управляемого термоядерного синтеза 3.15 мегаджоуля (МДж) энергии, затратив на разогрев плазмы 2.05 мегаджоуля. Сообщение об этом достижении физиков стало сенсацией. Эксперимент выполнен учёными Национального комплекса лазерных термоядерных реакций США (National Ignition Facility, NIF). Подчёркивалось, что это первое в истории получение прироста энергии в ходе реакции термоядерного синтеза. “Команда физиков, работающих на установке NIF, провела первый в истории контролируемый эксперимент по термоядерному синтезу, достигнув энергетической безубыточности, это означает, что в результате синтеза было получено больше энергии, чем потребовалось от лазера для его начала”, – указывается в сообщении Министерства энергетики США.
Effect of Acid Pretreatment of Seeds on the Germination and Early Growth of Albizia lebbek (L) Benth in Makurdi, Benue State-Nigeria
Authors: Dachung G. , Amonum J. I. , Chenge I. B. , Adeka P.
Published: April 2023

The seeds of A. lebbeck exhibit physical dormancy, which leads to poor seed germination due to a tough seed coat, which has prevented the species from being domesticated in the study area. Pre-sowing treatments are therefore necessary to increase seed germination and reduce germination period. This study aims at the evaluation of the impact of acid pretreatment on seed dormancy and growing seedlings of A. lebbeck for the establishment of plantations in Benue state, Nigeria, where it is lacking. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with six pretreatments (soaked) with the used of acids. The pretreatments include: sulphuric acid (70 % H2SO4) for 2 minutes, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes; nitric acid (70 % HNO3) for 2 minutes, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes; and untreated seeds (control); and replicated thrice. Two seeds were sown in each plastic pot and later thinned to one seed per pot after germination. A total of 144 plastic pots were used. The immersion in 70 % nitric acid for 5 minutes as pretreatment of A. lebbeckyielded the highest germination percentage (50%) and immersion in nitric acid for 2 minutes had the highest emergence index (38). According to the study's findings, pre-treating A. lebbeck with 70 % nitric acid breaks dormancy better and promotes faster growth. Thus, it is recommended that pretreatment of A. lebbeck seeds with 70% nitric acid for five minutes before sowing should be adopted to grow the species faster in the study area.
Acute Toxicity and Anxiolytic Activity Screening of Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum, Terminalia catappa and Tapinanthus dodoneifolius Growing on Terminalia catappa Tree in MIce
Authors: Umarudeen A. M. , Magaji M. G. , Khan F. , Abubakar A.
Published: April 2023

Aims: Hydroalcoholic T. dodoneifolius, B.pinnatum and T. catappa leaf extracts were investigated for their acute toxicity and anxiolytic activities.
Study Design: Acute toxicity (LD50) was determined using the limit dose acute and Anxiolytic activities were assessed by open-field field behavioural testing in mice.
Place and Duration of Study: The study took place in the Neurobehavioural room of Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria in late December 2022.
Methodology: Groups of mice (n=6; equal sexes) were each exposed to the open-field paradigm (OFT) following 1 hour of single oral administration of distilled water, extracts (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) and diazepam (0. 5 mg/kg) using the behavioural indices of mean centre zone time (M%CZT), centre zone re-entry (MCZR) and defeaction/urination frequency (MD/UF).
Results: Acute toxicity testing shows that the three extracts are safe with LD50 of 5g/kg. Behavioural results indicate, compared to the distilled water treatment (M%CZT, 6.39±1.53; MCZR, 4.67±1.15, & MU/UF, 4.83±0.75), single acute T. dodoneifolius (M%CZT, 7.50±1.73, 13.72±2.43, & 20.94±3.91*; MCZR, 7.33±0.88, 9.50±0.76, & 11.50±1.6*; MD/UF, 4.17±0.48, 3.17±0.54, & 1.83±0.60*), and B.pinnatum (M%CZT, 9.72±1.91, 9.78±1.32, & 19.67±2.01*; MCZR, 6.00±1.15, 10.50±0.76, & 12.50±1.72*; MD/UF, 3.17±0.79, 2.33±0.42, & 1.33±0.49*) extract treatments demonstrated consistent dose-dependency in their anxiolytic activity across the three parameters with T. catappa extract (M%CZT, 6.95±1.27, 12.17±2.01, & 16.84±1.49*; MCZR, 8.17±1.60, 10.17±1.67, & 10.83±1.96; MD/UF, 2.83±0.60, 2.00±0.73, & 3.67±0.42) exhibiting dose-pendent anxiolytic effect only on the M%CZT. However, at the highest dose level of 500 mg/kg, all plant extract treatments caused anxiolytic effects that are comparable with those of 0.5 mg/kg diazepam treatments (M%CZT, 22.61±1.31*; MCZR, 12.17±1.66*; & MD/UF, 2.62±0.21*).                                                                                                                  
Conclusion: These findings justify the traditional use of these medicinal plant extracts in the remediation of nervous and related disorders.
Prognostic association of immunoproteasome expression in solid tumours is governed by the immediate immune environment
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Dhaka Bhavya , Sahoo Sarthak , Jolly Mohit Kumar , Sabarinathan Radhakrishnan
Published: April 2023

Induction of immunoproteasome (IP) expression in tumour cells can enhance antigen presentation and immunogenicity. Recently, the overexpression of IP genes has been associated with better prognosis and response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies in melanoma. However, the extent of this association in other solid tumours and how that is influenced by tumour cell‐intrinsic and cell‐extrinsic factors remain unclear. Here, we address this by exploring the gene expression patterns from available bulk and single‐cell transcriptomic data of primary tumours. We find that tumours with high‐IP expression exhibit cytotoxic immune cell infiltration and upregulation of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α pathways in tumour cells. However, the association of IP expression with overall survival (TCGA cohort) and response to ICB therapy (non‐TCGA cohorts) is tumour‐type specific (better in non‐small‐cell lung, breast, bladder and thymus; and worse in glioma and renal) and is greatly influenced by pro‐ or antitumourigenic immune cell infiltration patterns. This emphasises the need for considering immune cell infiltration patterns, along with IP expression, as a prognostic biomarker to predict overall survival or response to ICB therapies in solid tumours, besides melanoma.
Genomically matched therapy in refractory colorectal cancer according to ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets: experience of a comprehensive cancer centre network
Authors: Mulet Margalef Núria , Castillo Carmen , Mosteiro Miguel , Pérez Xavier , Aguilar Susana , Ruíz‐Pace Fiorella , Gil Marta , Cuadra Carmen , Ruffinelli José Carlos , Martínez Mercedes , Losa Ferran , Soler Gema , Teulé Àlex , Castany Roser , Gallego Rosa , Ruíz Andrea , Garralda Elena , Élez Elena , Vivancos Ana , Tabernero Josep , Salazar Ramon , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Santos Vivas Cristina
Published: April 2023

Efficiency of expanded genomic profiling (EGP) programmes in terms of final inclusion of patients in genomically matched therapies is still unknown. Fit patients with advanced and refractory colorectal cancer (CRC) were selected for an EGP programme. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) analysis from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumour samples was performed. The purpose was to describe the prevalence of genomic alterations defined by the ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets (ESCAT), as well as the percentage of patients finally included in genomically guided clinical trials. In total, 187 patients were recruited. Mutational profile was obtained in 177 patients (10 patients were failure due to insufficient tumour sample), copy number alterations in 41 patients and fusions in 31 patients. ESCAT‐defined alterations were detected in 28.8% of the intention‐to‐analyse population. BRAF V600E was clustered in ESCAT I, with a prevalence of 3.7%, KRAS G12C and ERBB2 amplification were clustered in ESCAT II, whose prevalence was 4.2% and 1.6%, respectively. Most alterations were classified in ESCAT III (mutations in ERBB2, PIK3CA or FGFR genes and MET amplification) and IV (mutations in BRAF non‐V600E, ERBB3, FBXW7, NOTCH, RNF43), with a single prevalence under 5%, except for PIK3CA mutation (9%). The final rate of inclusion into genomically guided clinical trials was 2.7%, including therapies targeting BRAF V600E or RNF43 mutations in two patients each, and ERBB2 mutation in one patient. In conclusion, EGP programmes in patients with advanced CRC are feasible and identify a subset of patients with potentially druggable genomic alterations. However, further efforts must be made to increase the rate of patients treated with genomically guided therapies.
Methodology for computed tomography characterization of commercially available 3D printing materials for use in radiology/radiation oncology
Authors: Kozee Madison , Weygand Joseph , Andreozzi Jacqueline M. , Hunt Dylan , Perez Bradford A. , Graham Jasmine A. , Redler Gage
Published: April 2023

3D printing in medical physics provides opportunities for creating patient‐specific treatment devices and in‐house fabrication of imaging/dosimetry phantoms. This study characterizes several commercial fused deposition 3D printing materials with some containing nonstandard compositions. It is important to explore their similarities to human tissues and other materials encountered in patients. Uniform cylinders with infill from 50 to 100% at six evenly distributed intervals were printed using 13 different filaments. A novel approach rotating infill angle 10o between each layer avoids unwanted patterns. Five materials contained high‐Z/metallic components. A clinical CT scanner with a range of tube potentials (70, 80, 100, 120, 140 kVp) was used. Density and average Hounsfield unit (HU) were measured. A commercial GAMMEX phantom mimicking various human tissues provides a comparison. Utility of the lookup tables produced is demonstrated. A methodology for calibrating print materials/parameters for a desired HU is presented. Density and HU were determined for all materials as a function of tube voltage (kVp) and infill percentage. The range of HU (−732.0–10047.4 HU) and physical densities (0.36–3.52 g/cm3) encompassed most tissues/materials encountered in radiology/radiotherapy applications with many overlapping those of human tissues. Printing filaments doped with high‐Z materials demonstrated increased attenuation due to the photoelectric effect with decreased kVp, as found in certain endogenous materials (e.g., bone). HU was faithfully reproduced (within one standard deviation) in a 3D‐printed mimic of a commercial anthropomorphic phantom section. Characterization of commercially available 3D print materials facilitates custom object fabrication for use in radiology and radiation oncology, including human tissue and common exogenous implant mimics. This allows for cost reduction and increased flexibility to fabricate novel phantoms or patient‐specific devices imaging and dosimetry purposes. A formalism for calibrating to specific CT scanner, printer, and filament type/batch is presented. Utility is demonstrated by printing a commercial anthropomorphic phantom copy.
ECM‐Like Adhesive Hydrogel for the Regeneration of Large Corneal Stromal Defects
Authors: Wang Fuyan , Zhang Wei , Qiao Yujie , Shi Depeng , Hu Lizhi , Cheng Jun , Wu Jingyi , Zhao Long , Li Donfang , Shi Weiyun , Xie Lixin , Zhou Qingjun
Published: April 2023

The repair of large‐diameter corneal stroma defects is a major clinical problem. Although some studies have attempted to use hydrogels to repair corneal damage, most of these hydrogels can only be used for focal stromal defects that are ≤3.5 mm in diameter due to poor hydrogel adhesion. Here, a photocurable adhesive hydrogel that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) with regard to composition for repairing 6 mm‐diameter corneal stromal defects in rabbits is investigated. This ECM‐like adhesive can be rapidly cured after light exposure, with high light transmittance and good mechanical properties. More importantly, this hydrogel maintains the viability and adhesion of cornea‐derived cells and promotes their migration in vitro in 2D and 3D culture environments. Proteomics analysis confirms that the hydrogel promotes cell proliferation and ECM synthesis. Furthermore, in rabbit corneal stromal defect repair experiments, it is proven by histological and proteomic analysis that this hydrogel can effectively promote corneal stroma repair, reduce scar formation, and increase corneal stromal–neural regeneration at the six months follow‐up. This work demonstrates the great application of ECM‐like adhesive hydrogels for the regeneration of large‐diameter corneal defects.
Recent Advances of Platinum‐Based Anticancer Complexes in Combinational Multimodal Therapy
Authors: Zhong Tianyuan , Yu Jie , Pan Yong , Zhang Ning , Qi Yanxin , Huang Yubin
Published: April 2023

Platinum drugs with manifest therapeutic effects are widely used, but their systemic toxicity and the drug resistance acquired by cancer cells limit their clinical applications. Thus, the exploration on appropriate methods and strategies to overcome the limitations of traditional platinum drugs becomes extremely necessary. Combination therapy of platinum drugs can inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in an additive or synergistic manner, and can potentially reduce the systemic toxicity of platinum drugs and overcome platinum‐resistance. This review summarizes the various modalities and current progress in platinum‐based combination therapy. The synthetic strategies and therapeutic effects of some platinum‐based anticancer complexes in the combination of platinum drugs with gene editing, ROS‐based therapy, thermal therapy, immunotherapy, biological modelling, photoactivation, supramolecular self‐assembly and imaging modality are briefly described. Their potential challenges and prospects are also discussed. It is hoped that this review will inspire researchers to have more ideas for the future development of highly effective platinum‐based anti‐cancer complexes.
Immunostimulatory DNA Hydrogel Enhances Protective Efficacy of Nanotoxoids against Bacterial Infection
Authors: Guo Zhongyuan , Zhou Jiarong , Yu Yiyan , Krishnan Nishta , Noh Ilkoo , Zhu Audrey Ting , Borum Raina M. , Gao Weiwei , Fang Ronnie H. , Zhang Liangfang
Published: April 2023

While vaccines have been highly successful in protecting against various infections, there are still many high‐priority pathogens for which there are no clinically approved formulations. To overcome this challenge, researchers have explored the use of nanoparticulate strategies for more effective antigen delivery to the immune system. Along these lines, nanotoxoids are a promising biomimetic platform that leverages cell membrane coating technology to safely deliver otherwise toxic bacterial antigens in their native form for antivirulence vaccination. Here, in order to further boost their immunogenicity, nanotoxoids formulated against staphylococcal α‐hemolysin are embedded into a DNA‐based hydrogel with immunostimulatory CpG motifs. The resulting nanoparticle–hydrogel composite is injectable and improves the in vivo delivery of vaccine antigens while simultaneously stimulating nearby immune cells. This leads to elevated antibody production and stronger antigen‐specific cellular immune responses. In murine models of pneumonia and skin infection caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, mice vaccinated with the hybrid vaccine formulation are well‐protected. This work highlights the benefits of combining nanoparticulate antigen delivery systems with immunostimulatory hydrogels into a single platform, and the approach can be readily generalized to a wide range of infectious diseases.