bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marcasite/pyrite nanocomposites confined in N,S-doped carbon nanoboxes for boosted alkali metal ion storage
Authors: Wang Jie , Qin Jinwen , Jiang Minxia , Wang Yixin , Yang Baifeng , Cao Minhua
Published: September 2024

We constructed marcasite/pyrite nanocomposites with the protection of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanoboxes to optimize ion storage in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries.
MoS2 spheres covered with a few layers of MXene as a high-performance anode for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Yumei , Chen Jialiang , Kang Tianxing , Yang Wei , Zou Hanbo , Chen Shengzhou
Published: September 2024

The composite MXene@MoS2 was successfully constructed using the electrostatic assembly method. The porous and non-packed structure of the composite enables high cycling stability and rate performance as an anode for SIBs.
Novel mixed nickel/cobalt hexacyanoferrate microcubes with synergistic effects for aqueous hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Thuy Vu Van , Hieu Nguyen Si , Thu Tran Viet
Published: September 2024

Combining different metals in coordination compounds is an efficient strategy to improve their various properties.
Synthesis of anionic alkaline earth metal methanesulfonates bearing photo-responsive methylviologen
Authors: Chauhan Aishwarya , Chauhan Priyanka , Shankar Ravi
Published: September 2024

The anionic coordination complexes of Ca(ii) and Mg(ii) are attractive molecular synthons to afford hydrogen-bonded supramolecular assemblies with lamellar regions occupied by photoresponsive methylviologen (MV).
Polyoxometalate-supported transition metal complexes for the oxidative cross-coupling of amines and alcohols
Authors: Pardiwala Ankita , Desai Meghal A. , Jangir Ritambhara
Published: September 2024

Incorporation of transition metals between two octamolybdates/hexamolybdates results into useful catalysts, which effectively catalyse the oxidative cross-coupling of anilines, benzyl alcohol, and sodium azide to produce benzimidazole.
High-temperature water unlocks urea as nitrogen-source towards imidazoles
Authors: Amaya-García Fabián , Schittenhelm Lena , Unterlass Miriam M.
Published: September 2024

The synergy between high-temperature water and urea propels the synthesis of imidazoles via the Debus-Radziszewski multicomponent reaction in a catalys-free fashion.
Label-free single-cell antimicrobial susceptibility testing in droplets with concentration gradient generation
Authors: Kim Jae Seong , Kim Jingyeong , Kim Jae-Seok , Kim Wooseong , Lee Chang-Soo
Published: September 2024

This study presents a droplet-based microfluidic platform for rapid single-cell AST without the use of any fluorescent molecules or genetically modified bacteria expressing fluorescent proteins.
Dynamic sampling from ex vivo adipose tissue using droplet-based microfluidics supports separate mechanisms for glycerol and fatty acid secretion
Authors: Moniruzzaman Md , Bezerra Andresa B. , Mohibullah Md , Judd Robert L. , Granneman James G. , Easley Christopher J.
Published: September 2024

Droplet-based microfluidic sampling of adipose tissue reveals unique information on lipolytic dynamics.
Physicochemical and structural investigation of l-threonine/glycerol-based deep eutectic solvents using experimental and molecular modelling approaches
Authors: Uddin Md Jaish , Ghasemi Mahdi , White Cladie B. , Bhattarai Anusha , Akhter Hasina , Hannan Abdul , Saint-Louis Carl Jacky , Halim Mohammad A.
Published: September 2024

One of the most popular topics in sustainable chemistry is the creation of new eco-friendly solvents.
Enhanced oxygen evolution and urea oxidation reaction using a nanosheet-structured NiO@P-doped carbon composite as an anode catalyst
Authors: Tamilarasi S. , Kumar Ramasamy Santhosh , Srinivasan Thiruvenkadam , Yoo Dong Jin
Published: September 2024

Study of the oxygen evolution and urea oxidation process for producing hydrogen using alkaline electrolytes of NiO@p-doped carbon electrocatalyst.
Investigating nano-sized tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in enhancing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy
Authors: Abouali Hesam , Przedborski Michelle , Kohandel Mohammad , Poudineh Mahla
Published: September 2024

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles lead to immune cell suppression and tumor progression. In this paper we investigate the role of these nanovesicles in variability in treatment response and the low success rate of anti-PD1 immunotherapy.
Unveiling efficient S-scheme charge carrier transfer in hierarchical BiOBr/TiO2 heterojunction photocatalysts
Authors: Sarngan Pooja P. , Sasi Sheethal , Mukherjee Prateekshita , Mitra Koushik , Sivalingam Yuvaraj , Swami Anita , Ghorai Uttam Kumar , Sarkar Debabrata
Published: September 2024

Insights into the synthesis and structure of an n–n type BiOBr/TiO2 heterostructure with an S-scheme charge-carrier mechanism and its effect on photocatalytic dye degradation are presented.
Assessment of the importance and catalytic role of chromium oxide and chromium carbide for hydrogen generation via hydrolysis of magnesium
Authors: Qin Fei , Zhang Yue , Naseem Kashif , Chen Zhanjun , Suo Guoquan , Hayat Waseem , Gardezi Syed Hamza Safeer
Published: September 2024

Here, the as-prepared Mg-X wt% Y (X = 1, 3, 5, and 10; Y = Cr2O3 and Cr3C2) composites were ball milled with Mg for different durations and then hydrolyzed in seawater and MgCl2 solutions.
Influences of solvents and monomer concentrations on the electrochemical performance and structural properties of electrodeposited PEDOT films: a comparative study in water and acetonitrile
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Linze , He Bingwei
Published: September 2024

The effect of solvents and monomer concentrations on electrodeposited PEDOT properties.
Sulfur-doped silicon oxycarbide by facile pyrolysis process as an outstanding stable performance lithium-ion battery anode
Authors: Park Jungjin , An Won Young , Lee Keunho , Park Seungman , Bae Minjun , Hwang Seon Jae , Hong Hwichan , Kim Yonghwan , Yoo Taehyun , Kim Dohyeong , Kim Jong Min , Piao Yuanzhe
Published: September 2024

Silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) is drawing significant attention as a potential anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its remarkable cycle life and the distinctive Si–O–C hybrid bonding within its structure.
Theoretical investigation of benzodithiophene-based donor molecules in organic solar cells: from structural optimization to performance metrics
Authors: Kazim Abbas Naqvi Syed Muhammad , Abbas Faheem , Bibi Sadaf , Shehzad Muhammad Kamran , Alhokbany Norah , Zhu Yanan , Long Hui , Vasiliev Roman B. , Nazir Zahid , Chang Shuai
Published: September 2024

Novel BDTS-2DPP-based donor molecules enhance OSCs with over 20% PCE. Molecule M1 shows lowest bandgap, while molecule M3 boasts high Voc.
Correction: Insight into mineralizer modified and tailored scorodite crystal characteristics and leachability for arsenic-rich smelter wastewater stabilization
Authors: Sun Yonggang , Yao Qi , Zhang Xin , Yang Hongling , Li Na , Zhang Zhongshen , Hao Zhengping
Published: September 2024

Correction for ‘Insight into mineralizer modified and tailored scorodite crystal characteristics and leachability for arsenic-rich smelter wastewater stabilization’ by Yonggang Sun et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 19560–19569, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA01721B.
Embedding Zn single-atom catalysts into pyrrolic-N defect enriched multilayer carbon sheets boosts sulfur redox kinetics
Authors: Lu Cuiying , Wang Xiaoting , He Songjie , Liu Siyu , Chen Pei , Yang Juan
Published: September 2024

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been considered as one of the most promising rechargeable energy storage systems on account of their impressive theoretical capacity of 1675 mA h g−1 and low cost.
Scalable fabrication of porous membrane incorporating human extracellular matrix-like collagen for guided bone regeneration
Authors: Wang Qingyi , Zhou Feng , Qiu Tiecheng , Liu Yiling , Luo Wenxin , Wang Zhanqi , Li Haiyun , Xiao E. , Wei Qiang , Wu Yingying
Published: September 2024

We fabricated a PCL/hCol membrane with an asymmetric porous structure for guided bone regeneration via nonsolvent-induced phase separation method. It shows superior mechanical and degradation properties, biocompatibility and osteoinductive effect.
Efficient, stable, and transparent photovoltaic cells with segment-patterned micro-cavity cathodes
Authors: Hsu I-Sheng , Lee Chih-Chien , Chung Ssu-Yung , Uma Kasimayan , Liu Shun-Wei
Published: September 2024

This work presents a micro-cavity cathode as a replacement for the traditional thick metal cathode in natural-color TPVs, improving both aesthetic integration and stability.
Stacking-tuned quantum anomalous Hall effect and multi-phase transition in Kagome lattice V2Se3
Authors: Zhang Lixin , Wang Naibin , Zhao Xiuwen , Hu Guichao , Ren Junfeng , Yuan Xiaobo
Published: September 2024

Stacking-dependent Dirac cones generate a tunable quantum anomalous Hall effect with high Chern number in Kagome lattice V2Se3. The biaxial tensile strain leads to a topological phase transition and the layer sliding induces a magnetic phase transition.
Self-Improved Language Production in Nonfluent Aphasia Through Automated Recursive Self-Feedback
Authors: Imaezue Gerald C. , Tchernichovski Ofer , Goral Mira
Published: September 2024

Background:

Persons with nonfluent aphasia (PWNA) use feedback from external agents (e.g., speech-language pathologists) and self-feedback to improve their language production. The extent to which PWNA can improve their language production using their self-feedback alone is underexplored. In a proof-of-concept study, we developed an automated recursive self-feedback procedure to demonstrate the extent to which two PWNA who used self-feedback alone improved their production of sentences from trained and untrained scripts. In the current study, we use the Rehabilitation Response Specification System as a framework to replicate our initial findings.

Method:

We tested the effects of two treatments: script production with recursive self-feedback and script production with external feedback in four persons with chronic nonfluent aphasia. We compared the effects of treatment by measuring percent script produced, speaking rate, and speech initiation latency of trained and untrained scripts. The participants received the treatments remotely through mini tablets using two versions of a mobile app we developed. All the participants received each treatment intensively for 14 sessions across 2–3 weeks. We estimated clinical improvements of production of sentences from trained and untrained scripts through nonoverlap of all pairs analysis of performance pretreatment and posttreatment.

Results:

Both treatments improved PWNA's language production. Recursive self-feedback improved speaking rate and speech initiation latency, which generalized to untrained scripts in all participants. External feedback treatment did not generalize to improvement in speaking rate in two participants.

Conclusions:

Our findings confirm our initial evidence that PWNA can self-improve their sentence production from scripts through recursive self-feedback. This novel procedure enables PWNA to autonomously enhance their language production over time. Given the evidence and the mechanics of the procedure, we propose that its utility is not constrained by linguistic idiosyncrasies across cultures. Consequently, it has the potential to bypass linguistic barriers to aphasia care.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27007060
Effects of Modified Video-Implemented Script Training for Aphasia in the Three Variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Montagut Núria , Borrego-Écija Sergi , Herrero Jorge , Castellví Magdalena , Balasa Mircea , Lladó Albert , Grasso Stephanie M. , Sánchez-Valle Raquel
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by worsening of speech and/or language. Script training intervention promotes automatized speech production via repeated practice of scripted content. This study evaluated the acceptability, feasibility, and effects of a modified version of Video-Implemented Script Training for Aphasia (VISTA) in the three PPA variants and compared outcomes by intervention modality (teletherapy vs. in person).

Method:

Thirteen bilingual (Spanish–Catalan) participants were included (semantic variant,
n
= 5; logopenic variant,
n
= 5; nonfluent/agrammatic variant,
n
= 3; teletherapy,
n
= 7). Using a nonrandomized design, intervention was administered in participants' dominant language. Participants were trained on an individualized script twice per week, over 8 weeks. Performance on measures related to script accuracy, content, and subjective ratings of production quality was evaluated at baseline, immediately post, and at 3 and 6 months post-intervention.

Results:

No significant differences were observed on the basis of intervention modality. Participants demonstrated significant improvements from pre- to post-intervention in script production, synonym production, keywords, and global quality on the trained script. Maintenance was observed when comparing performance at post-intervention relative to 3- and 6-month follow-up for script and synonym production. Significant improvement in production quality of the untrained topic was observed following intervention. Different patterns of benefit were observed by PPA variant.

Conclusions:

Modified VISTA was acceptable and effective across the three PPA variants, as evidenced by improvements on a broader array of outcome measures than those previously reported. Findings also provide further support for provision for teletherapy in individuals with PPA.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26999326
Smart transportation solutions for faster emergency medical services response using an enhanced whale optimization algorithm
Authors: Gupta Hina , Amir Mohammad , Zaheeruddin  , Ahmad Furkan , Alblushi Ishaq G. Muhammad , Khalid Haris M.
Published: September 2024

Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are vital for providing timely out‐of‐hospital care during medical emergencies. This research aims to optimize ambulance services by strategically allocating resources to minimize response time. A modified Whale Optimization Algorithm (mWOA) is introduced to achieve this goal, focusing on providing 24 × 7 services to every patient in need. The, conducted in Southern Delhi, India, considers the uncertain and stochastic nature of demand and traffic. The results demonstrate a 14.6% improvement in average EMS‐based response time, highlighting the effectiveness of the mWOA algorithm in enhancing ambulance allocation strategies. The results obtained using different algorithms are compared with those obtained using mWOA. The experiment outcomes demonstrate that the mWOA has higher efficiency and superiority than alternative algorithms regarding convergence rate and stability.
Micro‐motion parameters extraction of rotating target based on analytical solution in vortex electromagnetic wave radar
Authors: Yuan Hang , Chen Yi‐Jun , Luo Ying , Liang Jia , Liu Ying‐Xi , Wang Dan
Published: September 2024

The linear Doppler effect and angular Doppler effect in vortex electromagnetic wave radar echoes can be used to extract comprehensive micro‐motion parameters. However, the analytical solution of micro‐motion parameters for rotating targets in vortex EM wave radar has not been obtained. To solve the above problems, the analytical solution of micro‐motion parameters is derived, and a micro‐motion parameter extraction method is proposed. Firstly, the shape and properties of the angular Doppler curve in various cases are discussed. Subsequently, the properties of three points on the angular Doppler curve are derived. The micro‐motion parameters are obtained based on the three points. The simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can greatly reduce the computational complexity and improve the accuracy of micro‐motion parameter extraction.
Double‐hierarchy heterogeneous structural detection of a subspace signal for distributed multiple‐input multiple‐output radar
Authors: Li Weiping , Chen Weichao , Zuo Lei
Published: September 2024

The authors consider the problem of adaptive target detection in the background of interference and heterogeneous disturbance, for a multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar system equipped with widely separated distributed antennas. The signal of interest and the interference lie in two corresponding subspaces that are mutually linearly independent. Therein, both the coordinates of two subspaces are unknown. For MIMO radar system, the disturbances of transmit‐receive pairs are heterogeneous, namely, each transmit‐receive pair has different statistics. And the disturbance in one transmit‐receive pair is non‐homogeneous. Therefore a double‐hierarchy heterogeneous disturbance is proposed. By resorting to a two‐step procedure, a double‐hierarchy heterogeneous structural detector (MIMO‐GLRTdh) is proposed in accordance with generalised likelihood ratio test for distributed MIMO radar to suppress interference and disturbance. In real scenarios, the certain structure property, existing in the covariance matrix of disturbance, such as the structural persymmetry or Toeplitz property, may be useful. Furthermore, the authors incorporate the structural persymmetry or Toeplitz property to design two structural detectors (PerMIMO‐GLRTdh and ToeMIMO‐GLRTdh), and study the impact of structure on detectors. Simulation results show that the presented detectors can acquire better detection performance and strong anti‐interference ability. In addition, the results indicate that the detection performance of distributed MIMO radar can be improved by the structure in training‐limited situations.
Analysis of Consumer Behaviour Using E-Grocery Mobile Application Using Extended Expectation Confirmation Model, Utilitarian Motivation and Price PostCovid 19 in Indonesia
Authors: Billman Abdullah , Surjandy  , Andri Yulius Caesar Leo , Matin Utomo Satrio , Rumangkit Stefanus , Kristian Willy
Published: September 2024

The changing patterns of people's lives have occurred from 2020 to the present time during the pandemic. Non-cash payments and spending on daily needs through digital platforms became a trend today. This increased demand for raw materials in the public to meet their daily needs via the digital online shopping platforms VegetablesBox and TaniHub increased significantly, but after the pandemic, some e-grocery platforms were in trouble, so they carried out massive terminations of employment and closures of services in some places even found permanently shut down. The study uses a non-probability sampling technique with a questionnaire dissemination technique against respondents using snowball sampling with data processing using SmartPLS 3.0. The results of this study found that there was a significant positive influence of customer confirmation and utilitarian motivation value on user satisfaction, whereas user expectation and perceived performance had a positive effect on confirmation use, price, and utilitarian motivation values that had a strong influence on repurchase intention, while satisfaction use had no significant influence upon expectations and price. For consumer satisfaction factors, there was no influence on repurchase intention when using e-grocery mobile apps. This research is important because it can help e-grocery platform companies survive the increasingly stringent competition as physical retail companies transform into digital e-commerce.
Aktuelles aus der Ernährungspolitik in Deutschland
Authors: von Philipsborn Peter
Published: September 2024

Die im März 2024 veröffentlichten Ernährungsempfehlungen der Deutschen
Gesellschaft für Ernährung (DGE) stellen eine zentrale Richtschnur für die
Ernährungspolitik in Deutschland dar. Tatsächlich besteht eine große Kluft
zwischen diesen Empfehlungen und der Ernährungsrealität. Die Anfang 2024
beschlossene Ernährungsstrategie der Bundesregierung will einen Beitrag zum
Schließen dieser Kluft leisten. Die bislang umgesetzten und angekündigten
Maßnahmen sind jedoch bei weitem nicht ausreichend, um die gesetzten Ziele zu
erreichen. Der vom Bundestag eingesetzte Bürgerrat Ernährung zeigte sich
entschlossener als die Regierung, und empfiehlt u.a. eine steuerfinanzierte,
beitragsfreie Kita- und Schulverpflegung gemäß DGE-Qualitätsstandards, eine
verbindliche Nährwertkennzeichnung auf der Verpackungsvorderseite, und eine
Reform der Lebensmittelbesteuerung. In allen diesen Bereichen wurden bei der
Umsetzung zuletzt keine oder nur begrenzte Fortschritte gemacht. Der vom
Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL) vorgelegte Entwurf für
ein Kinder-Lebensmittelwerbegesetz orientiert sich in zentralen Punkten an
evidenzbasierten Empfehlungen, droht aber, nicht oder in nur stark verwässerter
Form verabschiedet zu werden.
Präventives Screening des femoroazetabulären Impingement-Syndroms bei jugendlichen Eishockeyspielern
Authors: Kotry Jamal , Müller Ursula
Published: September 2024

Definierte Screeningprozesse sind gefragt, um die Entwicklung eines femoroazetabulären Impingement-Syndroms bei jugendlichen Eishockeyspielern zu verhindern. Ein Blick in die Literatur und in die Nachwuchsabteilungen schweizerischer Eishockeyvereine zeigt, wie die Prävention funktioniert.
Alternative Formen des Beweglichkeitstrainings: wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse und Mythen im Fokus
Authors: Heinke Lars , Konrad Andreas
Published: September 2024

Noch immer verlassen sich viele Sportlerinnen und Sportler auf das Dehnen, wenn es darum geht, die Beweglichkeit zu verbessern – trotz widersprüchlicher Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich der Wirksamkeit verschiedener Dehnmethoden. Es gibt aber auch Alternativen: Krafttraining, Foam Rolling und die perkussive Massage zählen zu aktuellen Trends, die sich zunehmender Beliebtheit erfreuen. Unsere Autoren betrachten diese alternativen Formen des Beweglichkeitstrainings aus wissenschaftlicher Perspektive und leiten daraus praktische Handlungsempfehlungen ab.
Künstliche Intelligenz im Kontext nicht-übertragbarer Erkrankungen –
Chancen und Risiken
Authors: Verket Marlo , Müller-Wieland Dirk
Published: September 2024

Nicht-übertragbare chronische Krankheiten (NCDs) und ihre Folgen sind die größte
Bedrohung für unser derzeitiges Gesundheitssystem. Daher sind Lösungen ihrer
effektiven Prävention, einzelne Verläufe sowie Risiko-Individuen frühzeitig zu
erkennen und effizient zu behandeln. Dazu müssen wir neue Zusammenhänge zwischen
und innerhalb einzelner NCDs besser verstehen und dies sind große Perspektiven
von KI und einer Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens.

Vertrauen in KI bei der Bevölkerung muss u. a. durch klare transparente Regeln
gestaltet werden. Risiken sind u. a. Missbrauch, der nur durch strikte
Strafverfolgung seitens der Gesetzgeber, und durch Transparenz der Anbieter und
Verwender von KI vorgebeugt werden können. Zudem kann medizinisch nur Vertrauen
geschaffen werden, indem KI-Anwendungen rigoros durch transparente
wissenschaftlich Studien differenziert evaluiert werden, um den Stellenwert
einzelner Angebote im Spektrum der medizinischen und präventiven Maßnahmen
festlegen zu können.

Eine Medizin mit sinnvoller und evaluierter KI wird eine „bessere“ und
effizientere Medizin sein. Dieser Gestaltwandel in der Versorgung und Prävention
wird nicht ohne KIs möglich sein. Daher ist es höchste Zeit, dass wir diese zum
Nutzen unseres medizinisch-präventiven Handelns gestalten und regeln.
Erigeron breviscapus: A Promising Medication for Protecting the Optic Nerve in Glaucoma
Authors: Cheng Yuxin , Chen Xuanyi , Zhu Guangyu , Li Na , Sun Yue , Luo Shichun , Liu Yujie , Lu Xuejing
Published: September 2024

Glaucoma is a common eye condition characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons, optic nerve damage, and visual field defects, which seriously affect a patientʼs quality of life. The pathogenesis of glaucoma is still unclear at present. It presents as damage to retinal ganglion cells, and the main treatment is primarily to reduce intraocular pressure by surgery or taking medication. However, even with well-controlled intraocular pressure, retinal ganglion cells still undergo degeneration, progressive apoptosis, and axonal loss. Therefore, protecting the optic nerve and inhibiting the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells are the current hot topic for prevention and treatment of glaucoma. Recently, Erigeron breviscapus, originating from Yunnan province in China, has been shown to be a promising herb with neuroprotective effects to treat glaucoma. Therefore, the traditional usage, botanical characteristics, and phytochemical composition of E.
breviscapus were explored through a literature review. Furthermore, we have summarized the pharmacological mechanisms of E. breviscapus and its active components in inhibiting the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells. These research findings can not only provide guidance and recommendations for the protection of retinal ganglion cells but also further explore the potential of E. breviscapus in the treatment of glaucoma.
Current Ovulation and Luteal Phase Tracking Methods and Technologies for Fertility and Family Planning: A Review
Authors: Wegrzynowicz Andrea K. , Eyvazzadeh Aimee , Beckley Amy
Published: September 2024

Ovulation is critical for both conception and overall health, but many people who may ovulate are not tracking ovulation or any other part of their menstrual cycle. Failure to track ovulation, especially in those trying to conceive, can lead to fertility challenges due to absent ovulation, mistiming intercourse, or an undetected luteal phase defect. Ovulatory disorders and mistiming intercourse are both primary causes of infertility, and tracking ovulation is shown to decrease the average time to conception. While there are many tracking methods and apps available, the majority are predictive apps or ovulation predictor kits and do not test or track both successful ovulation and the health of the luteal phase, leading to missing information that could contribute to diagnosis or successful conception. Here, we review why ovulation tracking and a healthy luteal phase are important for those trying to conceive. We present currently available ovulation tracking methods that detect both ovulation and the luteal phase, including cervical mucus, urinary hormone testing, and basal body temperature, and discuss the use, advantages, and disadvantages of each. Finally, we consider the role of digital applications and tracking technologies in ovulation tracking.
Spatially resolved Thomson scattering measurements of electron properties across the acceleration region of a high-power magnetically shielded Hall effect thruster
Authors: Lopez-Uricoechea Julian , Suazo Betancourt Jean Luis , Butler-Craig Naia , Walker Mitchell L. R.
Published: September 2024

Noninvasive measurements of electron properties in a Hall effect thruster (HET) are needed to understand the physical processes in the acceleration region and to validate simulations. This paper presents spatially resolved laser Thomson scattering (LTS) measurements across the entire acceleration region of a HET. The test article is the H9, a 9 kW class magnetically shielded HET. The H9 is operated on krypton at a facility pressure of 1.2 × 10−5 Torr Kr (1.6 mPa). The thruster is operated at three discharge conditions: 171 V, 35 A, an inner coil current (Iic) of 4.11 A, and an outer coil current (Ioc) of 2.27 A as the baseline 6 kW condition; 154 V, 34.8 A, an Iic of 4.11 A, and an Ioc of 2.27 A to vary the discharge voltage; and 171 V, 34.4 A, an Iic of 4.52 A, and an Ioc of 2.5 A to vary the magnetic field strength. At each discharge condition, we measured axial profiles of electron density and electron temperature along the channel centerline from 5% to 95% of a channel length downstream of the channel exit plane. At the baseline condition, we also measure the axial profile of the azimuthal electron drift velocity. We measure a minimum electron density of 1.3 × 1017 m−3, peak electron temperatures around 40 eV, and a peak azimuthal electron drift velocity around 680 km/s. The results suggest the presence of anomalous electron heating and demonstrate that low discharge voltages allow LTS to access the entire acceleration region of a HET.
Numerical investigations of spatiotemporal dynamics of space-charge limited collisional sheaths
Authors: Vatansever D. , Nuwal N. , Levin D. A.
Published: September 2024

Electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) and direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) methods are used to compare the plasma dynamics of collisionless with collisional emissive sheaths in partially ionized environments. Space-charge limited emissive sheaths submersed in a plasma with a density of ∼1017 m−3 are examined using a PIC-DSMC solver, CHAOS. Collisionless emissive sheaths with plasma domains sufficiently long (30 and 60 Debye lengths, λD) are subject to strong oscillations due to two-stream electron instability, whereas emissive sheaths in weakly collisional conditions with a short domain (15 λD) exhibit self-spike (sawtooth) oscillations in the plasma field due to the trapped charge-exchange (CEX) ion population within the virtual cathode (VC) region. The two-stream electron instability leads to strong temporal fluctuations in the total emission current, with maximum deviations of 60% and 100% from the time-averaged current for the long plasma domains, whereas CEX collisions cause strong spikes in the emission current if the domain size is short. Our PIC-DSMC simulations show for the first time that the interaction of the two types of instabilities causes the strength of the self-spike to be weakened due to the strong fluctuations caused by the two-stream instability when a sufficiently long computational domain with ion-neutral collisions is employed. By conducting a two-dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the collisional and collisionless sheaths with long domains, we show that the transient evolution of CEX entrapment in the VC increases frequency of sheath oscillations up to two times the ion-acoustic frequencies observed in the collisionless sheath. CEX collisions weaken the VC region and result in a total emission current more than that obtained from the collisionless case for the same domain length. With a more rarefied neutral environment of 1019 m−3 in the plasma sheath, the total emission current increases only 4% in comparison with 14% for one order of magnitude denser environment, within 20 μs. In addition, the spike period is tested with different neutral temperatures and densities. While we do not observe any self-spike in the more rarefied environment, the spike period increased from 5 to 7.5 μs when the neutral temperature is increased from 300 to 2000 K in the denser environment with the simulation time of 20 μs.
Characterization of the response of radiochromic film to quasi-monoenergetic x rays through a cross-calibration with image plates
Authors: Buschmann B. I. , Cufari M. , Vanderloo N. , Vargas J. , Foo B. C. , DeVault A. , Dannhoff S. G. , Evans T. E. , Johnson T. M. , Kunimune J. H. , Lawrence Y. , Pearcy J. A. , Reichelt B. L. , Wink C. W. , Russell L. , Gatu Johnson M. , Petrasso R. D. , Frenje J. A.
Published: September 2024

Radiochromic film (RCF) and image plates (IPs) are both commonly used detectors in diagnostics fielded at inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and high-energy-density physics (HEDP) research facilities. Due to the intense x-ray background in all ICF/HEDP experiments, accurately calibrating the optical density of RCF as a function of x-ray dose, and the photostimulated luminescence per photon of IPs as a function of x-ray energy, is necessary for interpreting experimental results. Various measurements of the sensitivity curve of different IPs to x rays have been performed [Izumi et al., Proc. SPIE 8850, 885006 (2013) and Rosenberg et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 90(1), 013506 (2019)]; however, calibrating RCF is a tedious process that depends on factors such as the orientation in which the RCF is scanned in the film scanner and the batch of RCF used. These issues can be mitigated by cross-calibrating RCF with IPs to enable the use of IPs for the determination of dose on the RCF without scanning the RCF. Here, the first cross-calibration of RCF with IPs to quasi-monoenergetic titanium, copper, and molybdenum K-line x rays is presented. It is found that the IP-inferred dose rates on the RCF for the Ti and Mo x rays agree well with the measured dose rates, while the IP-inferred dose rate for the Cu x rays is larger than the measured dose rate by ∼2×. Explanations for this discrepancy and plans for future work are discussed.
Unidirectional reflectionlessness, asymmetric reflection, and asymmetric transmission with linear and circular polarizations in terahertz metamaterial
Authors: Xu Dongyan , Lv Yanlin , Zhang Ying Qiao , Jin Xing Ri
Published: September 2024

We propose a structure utilizing a double-layer aluminum ring resonator embedded in a dielectric layer of metamaterial to demonstrate the appearances of unidirectional reflectionlessness, asymmetric reflection, and asymmetric transmission for the incident linear and circular polarizations. A significant feature of this structure is that it allows multiple functions to be implemented in the same structure without changing any structure parameters. For the vertical incident x- and y-polarizations, not only significant unidirectional reflectionlessness and asymmetric reflection effects are verified but also the strong linear to circular polarization conversions are illustrated in both transmission and reflection modes. For the vertical incidences of right-handed and left-handed circular polarizations, unidirectional reflectionlessness and asymmetric reflection are also demonstrated in detail. In addition, when linearly or circularly polarized waves are incident obliquely, the structure exhibits a stable asymmetric transmission phenomenon within a wide incident angle range. Furthermore, it also supports the occurrences of unidirectional reflectionlessness and asymmetric reflection stably within wide ranges of incident angle, resonator spacing, and rotation angle of the upper aluminum ring.
Immune algorithm-based optimal design of collector system topology for offshore wind farm
Authors: Xu Zhixian , Chen Chunhong , Yuan Linkun , He Ruobing
Published: September 2024

During the construction of offshore wind farms (OWFs), the capital cost associated with the collector system topology (CST) constitutes a significant proportion of the overall investment. A more efficient solution for connecting submarine cables can lead to substantial cost savings. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a novel approach that divides wind turbines into groups by polar coordinates to satisfy the no cross constraint. Subsequently, meta-heuristic algorithms are employed to optimize the grouping arrangement through iterative processes. In this way, the complex high-dimensional and multi-parameter problem will be decomposed into multiple parts for resolution. This paper evaluates four optimization algorithms to compare their effectiveness in optimizing the grouping results. Two different OWF scenarios are considered in the case studies to assess the performance of the proposed algorithms. Through extensive simulations and case studies, the results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of proposed approaches in achieving high-quality solutions while satisfying the constraints imposed by OWF operations and environmental conditions. Among the four algorithms, the immune algorithm stands out for its superior ability to provide more cost-effective solutions, which suggest that the immune algorithm-based optimization method can significantly contribute to the design and development of efficient CST for OWFs.
Enhanced device performance of GaN high electron mobility transistors with in situ crystalline SiN cap layer
Authors: Luo Xin , Cui Peng , Linewih Handoko , Zhang Tieying , Yan Xinkun , Chen Siheng , Wang Liu , Dai Jiacheng , Lin Zhaojun , Xu Xiangang , Han Jisheng
Published: September 2024

In this paper, a ∼2 nm in situ SiN cap layer on AlGaN barrier layer is grown, which is revealed to be crystalline using high-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Benefitting from superior interface quality of epitaxial crystalline SiN/AlGaN interface, the gate diodes with in situ SiN cap layer feature lower interface trap state density than that with GaN cap layer. By comparing the GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with the conventional GaN cap layer, the GaN HEMTs with in situ SiN cap layer exhibit improved device performance, showing higher electron mobility, higher drain current, larger on/off current ratio, and higher transconductance. For breakdown characteristics, the devices with in situ crystalline SiN cap layer show prominent advantages over the GaN cap layer with a 30% breakdown voltage increase to 810 V.
A configuration sampling study of reaction intermediates constituting catalytic cycles for CO oxidation with Pt1/TiO2
Authors: Humphrey Nicholas , Bac Selin , Mallikarjun Sharada Shaama
Published: September 2024

We combine ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations with an unsupervised machine learning approach to automate the search for possible configurations of CO oxidation reaction intermediates catalyzed by the atomically dispersed Pt1/TiO2 catalyst. Following the example of Roncoroni and co-workers [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 25, 13741 (2023)], we employ t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and hierarchical density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise to reduce the dimensionality and cluster AIMD snapshots based on the local coordination environment of Pt. We identify new local minima, particularly in cases where CO2 is bound to the active site, because it can coordinate in various ways with both the metal and support. The new minima constitute additional elementary steps in some proposed pathways for CO oxidation, resulting in turnover frequencies that differ from prior estimates by several orders of magnitude. This work, therefore, demonstrates that configuration sampling is a necessary component of computational studies of catalytic cycles for atomically dispersed catalysts.
Numerical research on the propagation characteristics and evolution mechanisms of rotating detonation waves with the spatial fluctuation of inlet total pressure
Authors: Zhang Xiangjun , Wang Yingnan , Cheng Miao , Liu Peilin , Li Yixiang , Ma John Z. , Wang Jianping
Published: September 2024

The stable combustion of rotating detonation engines is significantly affected by inlet spatial fluctuation, especially during aircraft maneuvering, necessitating extensive research for further engineering enhancements. This study analyzes the effect of the spatial fluctuation of inlet total pressure on the propagation characteristics and evolution mechanisms of rotating detonation waves. The in-house solver, BYRFoam, based on the OpenFOAM platform, is utilized. The velocity deficit of detonation waves is discussed under the different inlet spatial fluctuations of mean total pressure, instability degree, and spatial frequency. The results indicate that the propagation process of detonation waves is divided into wave mode transition and operating mode-locked stages; the latter consists of the self-adjustment stage, low-frequency instability stage, and dynamic equilibrium stage. A dynamic equilibrium mechanism is proposed, which is the self-adjustment process of detonation waves, counter-rotating shock waves, and striped fresh gas, encompassing the stages of strong and weak detonation. Furthermore, the oscillation phenomenon of the peak pressure, frequency, and velocity of detonation waves is seriously related to spatial fluctuation, leading to instability during detonation wave propagation. The instability phenomenon in this study is compared with the experimental data, providing valuable theoretical support for engineering applications involving rotating detonation engines.
Mahseer conservation in Asia: trends and insights from scientometric analysis
Authors: Iskandar Nur Syuhada , Md Noor Noorashikin , Che Cob Zaidi , Das Simon Kumar , Kasihmuddin Sonia
Published: September 2024

Context Mahseer fish, listed as Data Deficient with a decreasing population trend in The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018, is regarded as a valuable organism. Aims This study aims to evaluate the current state of mahseer research in Asia through scientometric analysis. Methods We utilised the Web of Science (WOS) database, initiated in 1970, which began collecting scientific articles on mahseer research in Asia in 1978. Key results Analysis of data from 1976 to 2024 showed a progressive trend in scientific publications on mahseer, with a notable increase in the number of papers published. Notably, from one publication in 1978, the number rose to 22 papers in 2021, constituting 10.63% of total scientific publications in this domain. The analysis identified 559 authors from 200 affiliations actively participating in mahseer research in Asia, accumulating 3661 citations. Cluster analysis showed eight co-citation clusters of research. Conclusions Mahseer research in Asia shows significant potential to emerge as an important field of study in future scientific-research endeavours. Implications Understanding the current state and trends of mahseer research is crucial for conservation efforts and sustainable management of this species in Asia.
Genome of
Halimeda opuntia
reveals differentiation of subgenomes and molecular bases of multinucleation and calcification in algae
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Xin , Qu Meng , Yu Haiyan , Yin Jianping , Liu Xiaochuan , Liu Yuhong , Zhang Bo , Zhang Yanhong , Wei Zhangliang , Yang Fangfang , Wang Jingtian , Shi Chengcheng , Fan Guangyi , Sun Jun , Long Lijuan , Hutchins David A. , Bowler Chris , Lin Senjie , Wang Dazhi , Lin Qiang
Published: September 2024

Algae mostly occur either as unicellular (microalgae) or multicellular (macroalgae) species, both being uninucleate. There are important exceptions, however, as some unicellular algae are multinucleate and macroscopic, some of which inhabit tropical seas and contribute to biocalcification and coral reef robustness. The evolutionary mechanisms and ecological significance of multinucleation and associated traits (e.g., rapid wound healing) are poorly understood. Here, we report the genome of
Halimeda opuntia
, a giant multinucleate unicellular chlorophyte characterized by interutricular calcification. We achieve a high-quality genome assembly that shows segregation into four subgenomes, with evidence for polyploidization concomitant with historical sea level and climate changes. We further find myosin VIII missing in
H. opuntia
and three other unicellular multinucleate chlorophytes, suggesting a potential mechanism that may underpin multinucleation. Genome analysis provides clues about how the unicellular alga could survive fragmentation and regenerate, as well as potential signatures for extracellular calcification and the coupling of calcification with photosynthesis. In addition, proteomic alkalinity shifts were found to potentially confer plasticity of
H. opuntia
to ocean acidification (OA). Our study provides crucial genetic information necessary for understanding multinucleation, cell regeneration, plasticity to OA, and different modes of calcification in algae and other organisms, which has important implications in reef conservation and bioengineering.
ER–plasma membrane contact sites deliver ER lipids and proteins for rapid cell surface expansion
Authors: Smith Madison , Gay Lincoln , Babst Markus
Published: September 2024

As a consequence of hypoosmotic shock, yeast cells swell rapidly and increase the surface area by ∼20% in 20 s. Approximately, 35% of this surface increase is mediated by the ER–plasma membrane contact sites, specifically the tricalbins, which are required for the delivery of both lipids and the GPI-anchored protein Crh2 from the cortical ER to the plasma membrane. Therefore, we propose a new function for the tricalbins: mediating the fusion of the ER to the plasma membrane at contact sites. This proposed fusion is triggered by calcium influx via the stretch-gated channel Cch1 and is supported by the anoctamin Ist2.
An Ala/Glu difference in E1 of Cx26 and Cx30 contributes to their differential anionic permeabilities
Authors: Kraujaliene Lina , Kraujalis Tadas , Snipas Mindaugas , Verselis Vytas K.
Published: September 2024

Two closely related connexins, Cx26 and Cx30, share widespread expression in the cochlear cellular networks. Gap junction channels formed by these connexins have been shown to have different permeability profiles, with Cx30 showing a strongly reduced preference for anionic tracers. The pore-forming segment of the first extracellular loop, E1, identified by computational studies of the Cx26 crystal structure to form a parahelix and a narrowed region of the pore, differs at a single residue at position 49. Cx26 contains an Ala and Cx30, a charged Glu at this position, and cysteine scanning in hemichannels identified this position to be pore-lining. To assess whether the Ala/Glu difference affects permeability, we modeled and quantified Lucifer Yellow transfer between HeLa cell pairs expressing WT Cx26 and Cx30 and variants that reciprocally substituted Glu and Ala at position 49. Cx26(A49E) and Cx30(E49A) substitutions essentially reversed the Lucifer Yellow permeability profile when accounting for junctional conductance. Moreover, by using a calcein efflux assay in single cells, we observed a similar reduced anionic preference in undocked Cx30 hemichannels and a reversal with reciprocal Ala/Glu substitutions. Thus, our data indicate that Cx26 and Cx30 gap junction channels and undocked hemichannels retain similar permeability characteristics and that a single residue difference in their E1 domains can largely account for their differential permeabilities to anionic tracers. The higher anionic permeability of Cx26 compared with Cx30 suggests that these connexins may serve distinct signaling functions in the cochlea, perhaps reflected in the vastly higher prevalence of Cx26 mutations in human deafness.
From Complexification to Self-Similarity: New Aspects of Quantum Criticality
Authors: Liu 刘 Yang 洋 , Zhao Erhai , Zou 邹 Haiyuan 海源
Published: September 2024

Quantum phase transitions are a fascinating area of condensed matter physics. The extension through complexification not only broadens the scope of this field but also offers a new framework for understanding criticality and its statistical implications. This mini review provides a concise overview of recent developments in complexification, primarily covering finite temperature and equilibrium quantum phase transitions, as well as their connection with dynamical quantum phase transitions and non-Hermitian physics, with a particular focus on the significance of Fisher zeros. Starting from the newly discovered self-similarity phenomenon associated with complex partition functions, we further discuss research on self-similar systems briefly. Finally, we offer a perspective on these aspects.