bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Raylı sistem yatırımlarının emlak vergilerine etkisi ve mekânsal değişim potansiyellerinin değerlendirilmesi: Kazlıçeşme–Söğütlüçeşme Metro Hattı örneği
Authors: Gulhan Gorkem
Published: November 2018

The rail system generates an increase in accessibility by reducing transport costs and travel times. It also has an economically positive return to urban areas for public transport investments. Such public transportation investments; it is important for the planning process to know the effects of changes in land use, income, employment, intensity and monetary values. In this study, for the "Kazlıçeşme - Söğütlüçeşme Subway Line (1st Stage)", taxable gains for the years 2022-2038 are explained and linear increase rates are found. Areas with potential for real estate investment and transformation around the stations were examined and the exchange potentials and land use possibilities of residential areas were investigated. According to the findings of the study, the increase in real estate tax will reach up to four times; at the same time it was determined that there would be an increase in land-use attraction in the recreation, commercial and residential etc. areas around 14 stations.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetRaylı sistem toplu taşıma yatırımlarının kentsel alanlara ekonomik açıdan pozitif getirileri olmakla birlikte, ulaşım maliyetlerinin ve seyahat zamanlarının azalmasını sağlayarak erişilebilirlik artışı oluşturmaktadır. Bu tür kamu ulaşım yatırımlarının; arazi kullanım, gelir, istihdam, yoğunluk ve parasal değerlerde meydana gelen değişimler açısından etkilerinin bilinmesi planlama süreci için önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, “Kazlıçeşme – Söğütlüçeşme Metro Hattı (1. Aşama)” için 2022-2038 yılları arası vergisel kazanımlar açıklanmış ve doğrusal artış oranları bulunmuştur. İstasyonların çevresindeki gayrimenkul yatırım ve dönüşüm potansiyeli bulunan alanlar incelenmiş ve konut alanlarının değişim potansiyelleri ile arazi kullanım olanakları araştırılmıştır.Çalışma bulgularına göre emlak vergisinin 2019 yılından 2022 yılına kadar 4 kata yakın artış yaşayacağı ve 14 istasyon çevresindeki rekreasyon, ticaret ve konut alanlarında arazi kullanım çekiciliği artışı doğacağı devamla potansiyel konut alanı, ticaret alanı, kentsel rekreasyon alanları ve ulaşım yatırımları önerileri oluşturulabileceği tespit edilmiştir.
Prawo rzymskie w okresie Renesansu i Baroku. Humanistyczny wymiar europejskiej kultury prawnej
Authors: Święcicka Paulina
Published: November 2018

The history and formation of the European legal culture that had been developing and taking shape since the Middle Ages when universalism manifested itself as ius commune and seemed to be a satisfactory solution, has been marked with the appearance of a trend called ‘legal humanism’ which developed in response to the humanistic Renaissance postulates. While humanism itself pertained to arts and science of the Renaissance period, legal humanism that emerged centuries later, challenged the medieval interpretation of Justinian texts and postulated the rejection of the mos italicus methods described as praemitto, scindo, summo casumque figuro – praelego, casus, commodo, obiicio (Math. Grib. De meth, 3.94-98). The supporters of the new humanistic jurisprudence advocated recognition of Roman law as an element of the research into the Antiquity. As a result, ancient texts underwent a certain ‘purification’ and were subsequently used for the teaching of Roman law based on subsequent „Glosses and Commentaries”. Critical reviews of the fundamental sources of law as well as the first translations of till then unknown Greek texts were also attempted. That all was possible because the jurists of that new era had a much more comprehensible education and linguistic skills and were able to read texts in Greek and finally break away with the medieval impasse Graeca sunt, non leguntur, going beyond the „judicial Bible” of the compilation of Justinian texts only, searching for new and often multi-aspect meanings and a true understanding of the Ancient World. This new approach to Roman law had also changed the attitude to legal studies which ceased to be seen as merely updating the existing laws i.e. serving the practice. Roman law was finally recognised as a historic phenomenon, a product of its times that evolved together with the changing world, and the study of Roman law became an aim and objective of its own. Such an approach quickly found followers in all Western Europe and replaced the exegetic commentaries with a new form – a treaty that compared the theory of law with the existing laws on the basis of its historic context. An author of a legal academic paper was no longer a mere executor and commentator of ius scriptum, but, being a jurist of humanistic views, transformed into a searcher of pure law, an expert of both the Antiquity and the contemporary World. As François Baudouin put it: sine historia caeca est iurisprudentia (De Institutione historiae universae, I, 609).
Gubernatorzy wojskowi w systemie polskiej administracji początków XIX w ieku
Authors: Marszałek Piotr Krzysztof
Published: November 2018

In Polish literature on the subject, the military governor’s office is usually associated with the organisation of the administrative system that prevailed in the partitioning states (Poland’s Partitions 1791-1918). However, the governor’s office had already been known in Poland during the Duchy of Warsaw (1807-1815), when it was, like many other solutions of administrative and military law, imported directly from France. In the structure of Polish public organs, the office of governor was created for the first time during the Polish-Austrian war in 1809. Although no documents have survived from which we could learn of the competences of a Polish governor in those times, what is known is that the description of his authority followed closely the model set out by the French legislation. It was not before the Polish-Russian war in 1830-1831 that first attempts were made to independently set out the authority o f a governor of the Polish state, but even then, at least initially, the solutions set forth by the regime o f the Napoleonic decree were directly referred to and copied. In the second half of the 19th century, shortly before the collapse of the November Uprising, a draft describing the office and competences of a Polish governor was finally ready to be put forward for parliamentary discussion, but it was already too late for the Sejm to deal with it.
Prawo własności w nauczaniu episkopatu II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Stanulewicz Maksymilian
Published: November 2018

The attitudes of Polish Catholic Church hierarchs and the shaping of their views on the fundamental social and economic institutions of the Second Polish Republic were not free from the influence of the Church’s social teaching that developed at the turn of the20th century. One of the key issues that was widely deliberated was that of ownership. In spite of the fact that ownership was a major social institution, it had been for long neglected in the teaching of the Catholic Church in Poland. However, although ignored during the period of Poland’s partitions, once the country regained independence, land ownership issues became suddenly within the interest among Polish bishops, and increased greatly when the government put forward its proposals of reforms in agriculture. The most conservative views and attitudes on land property and the role of land ownership in the social and economic sphere were then activated and, despite the enlightened opinions of some leading Catholic priests in the period 1918-1939 who followed the teaching o f Pope Pius XI and advocated fair pay, fighting unemployment, working on social legislation, and the idea subsidiarity and corporate attitudes in economy, the majority o f the Polish Episcopate remained steadfast in their utterly conservative convictions, especially on the issue of Church property and its preservation. Thus, the opinions of the few Polish bishops (i.a. Teodor Kubin or Stanislaw Adamski) to the contrary were exceptional and isolated, particularly because even the Holy See treated them as too far advanced and modem.
Parricida a parenticida. Hipoteza etymologiczna na podstawie żartu w passusie Plauta Epidicus 349-351
Authors: Pieczonka Joanna
Published: November 2018

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Rzeź katolików w Krożach. Przyczynek do dziejów walki Polaków i Litwinów przeciwko rządom carskim w XIX wieku
Authors: Dąbrowski Przemysław , Gaidis Ryszard
Published: November 2018

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Ze studiów nad historią, historiografii. Uwagi w związku z książką Tadeusza P. Rutkowskiego, Nauki historyczne w Polsce 1944-1970. Zagadnienia polityczne i organizacyjne, 2007
Authors: Tyrchan Mikołaj
Published: November 2018

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Lyons Lewis, Historia kar cielesnych, 2010
Authors: Maciejewski Tadeusz
Published: November 2018

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Krystyna Chojnicka, Cerkiew i car. Prawosławie rosyjskie w reformach Piotra Wielkiego, 2011
Authors: Jurkiewicz Jan
Published: November 2018

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Włodzimierz Bemacki, Myśl polityczna I Rzeczpospolitej, 2011
Authors: Zmierczak Maria
Published: November 2018

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Demokracja bezpośrednia. Wymiar globalny i lokalny, red. M. Marczewska-Rytko i A.K. Piasecki, 2010
Authors: Krzywoszyński Przemysław
Published: November 2018

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Zofia Kulejewska 1928-2011
Authors: Tkaczuk Marek
Published: November 2018

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Rejestry nieruchomości w dawnej Polsce
Authors: Felcenloben Dariusz
Published: November 2018

The paper outlines the history of land cadastres and land and mortgage registers in Poland from the earliest times until the fi rst Partition. Against the background of the changing principles of establishing ownership, transferring or encumbering it with rights in rem or creating obligations over it, the paper describes how land and mortgage registers developed. They were modern public registers, which introduced the Polish mortgage into the legal system. Its design was far ahead of the legislation of most European countries at that time. The novelties included the principles of free access to, and reliability of, a mortgage, its legality, freedom of encumbrance, detailed character, priority of entry and, fi nally, the principle of good faith of registers.
Praworządny jak Tatarzyn? Stosunki prawne w Chanacie Krymskim na podstawie miejscowych ksiąg sądowych z XVII wieku
Authors: Królikowska Natalia
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this paper is to outline the legal practice in the Crimean Khanate in the 17th century. This longest surviving Eastern European post-Genghis state is a very interesting case for any student of the history of political systems and law. This is because its law and state institutions were based on both Mongolian and Islamic-Ottoman models, producing a highly original system. The study is based on rich data surviving in Crimean court registers from the reign of Khan Murad Giray (1678-1683). Treating them as ancillary sources, it makes use of selected entries in other surviving Crimean court registers from 1608-1783 supplemented by information taken from other sources: Tatar, Ottoman and European. The study attempts to fi nd answers to the following questions: who, against whom and in what types of cases, appeared in a given type of court in the Khanate. Answering these questions reveals not only what everyday life of the Khan’s subjects, coming from various social groups, looked like, but also what principles were followed by the Khanate’s legal system and administration. The collected data shows that the Khan fulfi lled the basic duty of any Muslim ruler and gave his subjects access to courts and ensured that law was obeyed. The Khanate was divided into judicial circuits (kazas) in which the highest-ranking offi cial was a judge (kadi). Subjects could also approach the highest judge (cadiasker) about a matter that concerned them. However, there are reasons to believe that his judicial authority was restricted with respect to estates (beyliks) belonging to grand families (karachis) and when it came to this social group itself. The sources also indicate that the Khan’s judicial authority was restricted in lands supervised by a kalga – the fi rst deputy of the Khan chosen from among the members of the ruling dynasty. The study of the cases entered in the registers of a cadiasker court and the registers of a provincial court in Kara Su during the reign of Murad Giray, shows that the clients of the Khan’s justice were members of all social groups, men and women, Muslims and non-Muslims. The frequency in which people appeared in court and the types of cases they litigated, differed slightly depending on their social background, sex and religion. The paper attempts to explain these differences by carefully analysing the social background of parties, their place of residence, sex, types of cases and litigation strategies.
Marszałkowie świeccy Trybunału Głównego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w latach 1633-1648
Authors: Walden Artur
Published: November 2018

The proceedings of the High Tribunal of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were presided over by a Marshal, also known as director of the Tribunal in the 17th century. He was elected from among all the deputies on the inauguration day of a new tribunal. The position was commonly fi lled by Lithuanian offi cials of various ranks and it was not uncommon for senators to serve as Marshals. For various reasons, a Marshal was not always able to take part in all the activities of the Tribunal – on such occasions assistant Marshals were elected. In 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1638, 1639, 1642, 1646 and 1648, the High Tribunal was presided over by at least three directors. The most High Tribunals Marshals presided over (there were as many as fi ve) were in 1638 and 1642. In total, in 16 Lithuanian High Tribunals, which convened during the reign of Władysław IV, the position was fi lled by 37 persons, 45 times in all. Because of the political and property interests of Lithuanian political elites and opportunities to infl uence judgments, the position of the High Tribunal director was attractive. Out of 37 High Tribunal Marshals 17, or 46 per cent, were senators or were to become senators later. In terms of denominational affi liation, the High Tribunal was presided over by 33 Catholics, 3 Calvinists and a single Orthodox. High Tribunal Marshals were – in principle – elected deputies at the dietines of Lithuanian ‘upper voivodeships’, chiefl y though from the Vilnius Voivodeship. Out of 45 High Tribunal Marshals, 20 came from these dietines, which accounts for 44 per cent of all Tribunal directors in 1633-1648.
Zawarcie małżeństwa mieszanego wyznaniowo według prawa małżeńskiego z 1836 roku
Authors: Fastyn Arkadiusz
Published: November 2018

The thesis discusses the signifi cant question of inter-denominational marriages in Poland prior to 1946. Until the end of 1945, the laws in force in Poland were the 19th-century statutes. They had been enacted by the neighbouring countries (Austria, Russia and Prussia) that partitioned the Polish territory in the second half of the 18th century. In the Polish lands enjoying some autonomy in the Russian Empire, the regulation of marriage was based on the religious principles of 1836. Under the 1836 statute, there could be no civil marriage that would not produce a confessional effect. Consequently, the regulation of marriage had to combine confessional and civil effects into single norms and the legislative authorities had to provide for mechanisms correlating such effects. This applied to both the conclusion and dissolution of marriage. In these matters, the Roman Catholic Church adopted an uncompromising stance following from its belief in the special theological character of the sacrament of marriage.
Wspomnienie o Profesorze Karolu Joncy
Authors: Maciejewski Marek
Published: November 2018

Wspomnienie o Profesorze Karolu Joncy
Bezwzględne przesłanki rozwiązania małżeństwa w BGB w świetle spraw rozwodowych zakończonych oddaleniem pozwu przed Sądem Okręgowym w Poznaniu w latach 1928-1939
Authors: Paciorkowski Szymon
Published: November 2018

Bezwzględne przesłanki rozwiązania małżeństwa w BGB w świetle spraw rozwodowych zakończonych oddaleniem pozwu przed Sądem Okręgowym w Poznaniu w latach 1928-1939
Rechtsprechung in Osteuropa. Studien zum 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert, 2012
Authors: Materniak-Pawłowska Małgorzata
Published: November 2018

Rechtsprechung in Osteuropa. Studien zum 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert, 2012
Terroryzm sponsorowany przez państwa. Casus bliskowschodnich państw-sponsorów
Authors: Wejkszner Artur
Published: November 2018

The point of interest in this paper is the issue of state-sponsored terrorism. The essence of this form of terrorism is the intentional (indirect or direct) support, offered by state sponsors to terrorist organizations, and the intention to let them achieve their political, strategic or tactical goals, usually concerning the citizens, governments or the territory of third-party countries. The paper presents a classification of the range of such support and concentrates on the analysis of the motives and means applied by the state sponsors. Owing to historical conditions and the range and scope of support granted, the paper uses the examples of Iran, Syria and Iraq. Only the former two states offer permanent support to terrorist organizations in the Middle East. After the collapse of Saddam Hussein’s regime, Iraqi authorities have abandoned this activity as it was actually harmful to the interests of their country.
Survival mechanisms to selective pressures and implications
Authors: Xie Songbo , Liu Min
Published: November 2018

Organisms have evolved a spectrum of strategies that facilitate survival in the face of adverse environmental conditions. In order to make full use of the unfavorable resources of nature, human beings usually impose selective pressures to breed phenotypic traits that can survive in adverse environments. Animals are frequently under attack by biotic stress, such as bacterial and viral infections, while plants are more often subjected to abiotic stress, including high salinity, drought, and cold. In response to these diverse stresses, animals and plants initiate wide-ranging changes in gene expression by altering regulation of transcriptional and post-transcriptional activities. Recent studies have identified a number of key responsive components that promote survival of animals and plants in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Importantly, with recent developments in genome-editing technology based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system, manipulation of genetic elements to generate stress-resistant animals and plants has become both feasible and cost-effective. Herein, we review important mechanisms that govern the response of organisms to biotic and abiotic stresses with the aim of applying our understanding to the agriculture and animal husbandry industries.
Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of low-molecular-weight carrageenan in rats
Authors: Qiu Xia , Zhong Wenwen
Published: November 2018

This study investigated the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of low-molecular-weight carrageenan (LC) on rats fed a high-fat diet. Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control group (NC), high-fat diet control group (HC), carrageenan-treated control group (CC), 1% LC group (1% LC), and 3% LC-groups (3% LC). Body weight, food intake, fecal weight, blood glucose, and serum lipid levels were measured. After 30 days, body weight significantly decreased in the LC-treated groups than in the HC group. Moreover, in the LC-treated groups, postprandial blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels decreased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels increased. From this study, our data suggest that LC has antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects when compared to carrageenan, likely related to its increased absorption due to its lower molecular weight.
Modelling Porosity Permeability of Ceramic Tiles using Fuzzy Taguchi Method
Authors: Kokcam Abdullah Hulusi , Uygun Özer , Taskin Mehmet Fatih , Demir Halil Ibrahim , Demir Zeynep
Published: November 2018

Taguchi experiment design in quality development studies, is an approach to engineering that supports research and development, product design and product development activities by enabling fewer trials of experiments to determine the best combinations of inputs that affect the outcome. In this study, the factors affecting the porosity were studied in a firm that produces ceramic tile. There were 6 factors considered to be important in total and 2 levels in each factor. L8 orthogonal array were used during the experiment design, which proposes 8 experiment types with different factor levels. The results of the experiments were analyzed so that important factors were determined. Significance of factors were tested by ANOVA and 4 of them were found to be significant. These factors were fuzzified by assessing the factors using linguistic expressions and then triangular fuzzy numbers. A model with 4 inputs and 1 output was built and 34 rules were generated for this model. The developed model was shown to be a useful approach in modeling the porosity permeability of ceramic tiles.
Brauchen wir zur Moralbegründung eine „Metanorm“?
Authors: Hoerster Norbert
Published: November 2018

Peter Stemmer advocates a new foundation of morality. He claims that any moral principle is justified only if every person to whom the principle applies consents to it on the basis of his or her own interests. But how can this ‘metanorm’ of unanimous consent be justified? Since Stemmer decisively rejects all objectivist foundations of morality, the only justification for his ‘metanorm’ can again be nothing but a unanimous consent. Through numerous examples I hope to have shown in my article that the alleged connexion of all our moral demands with a general, unanimous consent is not realistic – no matter whether these demands are based on our spontaneous or on our well considered attitudes. And this holds no less for legal norms with their hard sanctions than for moral principles.
Der Status von Peter Stemmers Metaethik
Authors: Wendelborn Christian
Published: November 2018

Peter Stemmer provides a moral theory that construes moral normativity and correlated phenomenona as essentially constituted by sanctions. Neither Stemmer nor his critics reflect sufficiently on the metaethical status of these claims, even though it is important to be clear about this status to evaluate the approach. I argue that there are two different readings of the theory: Either the “Sanktionstheorie” is a kind ofdescriptivemetaethical theory or it is what I call aconstructive(orrevisionary) theory. Stemmer’s approach is better understood as a constructive metaethical theory, whereas critics mainly focus on a descriptive reading.
Mathematical modelling of platelet rich plasma clotting. Pointwise unified model
Authors: Andreeva Anna A. , Anand Mohan , Lobanov Alexey I. , Nikolaev Andrey V. , Panteleev Mikhail A. , Susree Modepalli
Published: November 2018

The mechanistic modelling of blood clotting and fibrin-polymer mesh formation is of significant value for medical and biophysics applications. This paper presents a combination of two pointwise kinetic models represented by system of ODEs. One of them represents the reaction dynamics of clotting factors including the role of the platelet membranes. The second one describes the fibrin-polymer formation as a multistage polymerization process with a sol-gel transition at the final stage. Complex-value second order Rosenbrock method (CROS) is employed for the computational experiments. A sensitivity analysis method built into the computational scheme helps clarify non-evident dependencies in the exhaustive system of ODEs. The unified model was primarily verified using conditions of factor VII deficiency. The model, however requires a significant effort to be tested against experimental data available.
Stochastic modelling of age-structured population with time and size dependence of immigration rate
Authors: Pichugin Boris J. , Pertsev Nikolai V. , Topchii Valentin A. , Loginov Konstantin K.
Published: November 2018

A stochastic age-structured population model with immigration of individuals is considered. We assume that the lifespan of each individual is a random variable with a distribution function which may differ fromthe exponential one. The immigration rate of individuals depends on the time and total population size. Upper estimates for the mean and variance of the population size are established based on the theory of branching processes with constant immigration rate. A Monte Carlo simulation algorithm of population dynamics is developed. The results of numerical experiments with the model are presented.
The Cognitive Thalamus as a Gateway to Mental Representations
Authors: Wolff Mathieu , Vann Seralynne D.
Published: November 2018

Historically, the thalamus has been viewed as little more than a relay, simply transferring information to key players of the cast, the cortex and hippocampus, without providing any unique functional contribution. In recent years, evidence from multiple laboratories researching different thalamic nuclei has contradicted this idea of the thalamus as a passive structure. Dated models of thalamic functions are being pushed aside, revealing a greater and far more complex contribution of the thalamus for cognition. In thisViewpointsarticle, we show how recent data support novel views of thalamic functions that emphasize integrative roles in cognition, ranging from learning and memory to flexible adaption. We propose that these apparently separate cognitive functions may indeed be supported by a more general role in shaping mental representations. Several features of thalamocortical circuits are consistent with this suggested role, and we highlight how divergent and convergent thalamocortical and corticothalamic pathways may complement each other to support these functions. Furthermore, the role of the thalamus for subcortical integration is highlighted as a key mechanism for maintaining and updating representations. Finally, we discuss future areas of research and stress the importance of incorporating new experimental findings into existing knowledge to continue developing thalamic models. The presence of thalamic pathology in a number of neurological conditions reinforces the need to better understand the role of this region in cognition.
Top-down and Bottom-up Regulated Auditory Phantom Perception
Authors: Vanneste Sven , Alsalman Ola , De Ridder Dirk
Published: November 2018

Auditory phantom percepts such as tinnitus are associated with auditory deafferentation. The idea is that auditory deafferentation limits the amount of information the brain can acquire to make sense of the world. Because of this, auditory deafferentation increases the uncertainty of the auditory environment. To minimize uncertainty, the deafferented brain will attempt to obtain or fill in the missing information. A proposed multiphase compensation model suggests two distinct types of bottom-up related tinnitus: an auditory cortex related tinnitus and a parahippocampal cortex related tinnitus. The weakness of this model is that it cannot explain why some people without hearing loss develop tinnitus, whereas conversely others with hearing loss do not develop tinnitus. In this human study, we provide evidence for a top-down type of tinnitus associated with a deficient noise-cancelling mechanism. A total of 72 participants (age: 40.96 ± 7.67 years; males: 48; females: 24) were recruited for this study. We demonstrate that top-down related tinnitus is related to a change in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex that corresponds to increased activity in the auditory cortex. This is in accordance with the idea that tinnitus can have different generators as proposed in a recent model that suggests that different compensation mechanisms at a cortical level can be linked to phantom percepts.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChronic tinnitus affects 15% of the population worldwide. The term “tinnitus” however represents a highly heterogeneous condition, as evidenced by the fact that there are no effective treatments or even an adequate understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms. Consistent with this idea, our research shows that tinnitus indeed has different subtypes related to hearing loss. In a human study tightly controlled for hearing loss, we establish a tinnitus subtype associated with a deficient top-down noise-cancelling mechanism, which distinguishes it from bottom-up subtypes. We demonstrate that top-down related tinnitus relates to a change in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex that corresponds to increased activity in the auditory cortex, whereas bottom-up tinnitus instead relates to changes in the parahippocampal cortex.
Voltage-Independent SK-Channel Dysfunction Causes Neuronal Hyperexcitability in the Hippocampus ofFmr1Knock-Out Mice
Authors: Deng Pan-Yue , Carlin Dan , Oh Young Mi , Myrick Leila K. , Warren Stephen T. , Cavalli Valeria , Klyachko Vitaly A.
Published: November 2018

Neuronal hyperexcitability is one of the major characteristics of fragile X syndrome (FXS), yet the molecular mechanisms of this critical dysfunction remain poorly understood. Here we report a major role of voltage-independent potassium (K+)-channel dysfunction in hyperexcitability of CA3 pyramidal neurons inFmr1knock-out (KO) mice. We observed a reduction of voltage-independent small conductance calcium (Ca2+)-activated K+(SK) currents in both male and female mice, leading to decreased action potential (AP) threshold and reduced medium afterhyperpolarization. These SK-channel-dependent deficits led to markedly increased AP firing and abnormal input–output signal transmission of CA3 pyramidal neurons. The SK-current defect was mediated, at least in part, by loss of FMRP interaction with the SK channels (specifically the SK2 isoform), without changes in channel expression. Intracellular application of selective SK-channel openers or a genetic reintroduction of an N-terminal FMRP fragment lacking the ability to associate with polyribosomes normalized all observed excitability defects in CA3 pyramidal neurons ofFmr1KO mice. These results suggest that dysfunction of voltage-independent SK channels is the primary cause of CA3 neuronal hyperexcitability inFmr1KO mice and support the critical translation-independent role for the fragile X mental retardation protein as a regulator of neural excitability. Our findings may thus provide a new avenue to ameliorate hippocampal excitability defects in FXS.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespite two decades of research, no effective treatment is currently available for fragile X syndrome (FXS). Neuronal hyperexcitability is widely considered one of the hallmarks of FXS. Excitability research in the FXS field has thus far focused primarily on voltage-gated ion channels, while contributions from voltage-independent channels have been largely overlooked. Here we report that voltage-independent small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK)-channel dysfunction causes hippocampal neuron hyperexcitability in the FXS mouse model. Our results support the idea that translation-independent function of fragile X mental retardation protein has a major role in regulating ion-channel activity, specifically the SK channels, in hyperexcitability defects in FXS. Our findings may thus open a new direction to ameliorate hippocampal excitability defects in FXS.
An Alternative Exon of CAPS2 Influences Catecholamine Loading into LDCVs of Chromaffin Cells
Authors: Ratai Olga , Schirra Claudia , Rajabov Elvin , Brunk Irene , Ahnert-Hilger Gudrun , Chitirala Praneeth , Becherer Ute , Stevens David R. , Rettig Jens
Published: November 2018

The calcium-dependent activator proteins for secretion (CAPS) are priming factors for synaptic and large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs), promoting their entry into and stabilizing the release-ready state. A modulatory role of CAPS in catecholamine loading of vesicles has been suggested. Although an influence of CAPS on monoamine transporter function and on vesicle acidification has been reported, a role of CAPS in vesicle loading is disputed. Using expression of naturally occurring splice variants of CAPS2 into chromaffin cells from CAPS1/CAPS2 double-deficient mice of both sexes, we show that an alternative exon of 40 aa is responsible for enhanced catecholamine loading of LDCVs in mouse chromaffin cells. The presence of this exon leads to increased activity of both vesicular monoamine transporters. Deletion of CAPS does not alter acidification of vesicles. Our results establish a splice-variant-dependent modulatory effect of CAPS on catecholamine content in LDCVs.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe calcium activator protein for secretion (CAPS) promotes and stabilizes the entry of catecholamine-containing vesicles of the adrenal gland into a release-ready state. Expression of an alternatively spliced exon in CAPS leads to enhanced catecholamine content in chromaffin granules. This exon codes for 40 aa with a high proline content, consistent with an unstructured loop present in the portion of the molecule generally thought to be involved in vesicle priming. CAPS variants containing this exon promote serotonin uptake into Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing either vesicular monoamine transporter. Epigenetic tuning of CAPS variants may allow modulation of endocrine adrenaline and noradrenaline release. This mechanism may extend to monoamine release in central neurons or in the enteric nervous system.
Magnetic Absorption of Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Tomchuk P. M. , Starkov V. N.
Published: November 2018

The dependences of the magnetic absorption by spheroidal metal nanoparticles on the ratio between the particle curvature radii and the angle between the spheroid symmetry axis and the magnetic field vector of an incident electromagnetic wave are plotted and theoretically analyzed. An interesting result of the research is the growth of the energy absorbed by a spheroidal nanoparticle, as it becomes more oblate.
Model of Postsynaptic Membrane Deactivation
Authors: Vasilev A. N. , Kulish O. V.
Published: November 2018

A model has been proposed to describe the deactivation of a postsynaptic membrane after its excitation by transmitting a nerve impulse across the synapse. In particular, the process of mediator release in the form of choline from the postsynaptic membrane and its diffusive excretion from the synaptic cleft are considered. The time dependence of the number of activated receptors, the dependence of the maximum number of activated receptors on the activation time, and the space-time distribution of the choline concentration in the synaptic cleft are calculated.
Сentrosymmetric Solitons with Power Asymptotics for Media of Different Dimensions
Authors: Suprun A. D. , Shmeleva L. V.
Published: November 2018

Analytic solutions of radially symmetric nonlinear Schr¨odinger equations with two nonlinear terms with different powers are analyzed for 1D, 2D, and 3D spaces. They are typical of the equations, where there are two nonlinear terms instead of one cubic term, as a rule. An important feature of the solutions obtained is that they are expressed not in terms of hyperbolic functions, but in terms of rational functions finite in the entire space with a power asymptotics at infinity. The solutions obtained significantly expand the range of applications of the nonlinear Schr¨odinger equations. Separate relevant cases of the general solution are considered in the applications.
Relaxation Processes in a Quantum Wire with Parabolic Confinement
Authors: Hasanov Kh. A. , Huseynov J. I. , Mamedov F. I. , Abbasov I. I. , Hasanov A. A.
Published: November 2018

Analytical expressions are found for the mobility of a degenerate electron gas in a quantum wire for three scattering mechanisms: on ionized impurities and on piezoacoustic and deformation acoustic phonons. The expressions allow one to analyze the concentration, temperature, and dimensional dependences of the electron mobility.
Contribution of Ukrainian Scientists to the Development of Optics
Authors: Korsun I. V.
Published: November 2018

The contribution of Ukrainian scientists to the development of optics as a science, in particular, within the Soviet period, has been analyzed. World’s priority for some of those studies is demonstrated. The attention is drawn to the pedagogical and educational activities of Ukrainian scientists. The material is classified according to the optics domains.
A Prediction Model to Determine Childhood Epilepsy After 1 or More Paroxysmal Events
Authors: van Diessen Eric , Lamberink Herm J. , Otte Willem M. , Doornebal Nynke , Brouwer Oebele F. , Jansen Floor E. , Braun Kees P.J.
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVES:

The clinical profile of children who had possible seizures is heterogeneous, and accuracy of diagnostic testing is limited. We aimed to develop and validate a prediction model that determines the risk of childhood epilepsy by combining available information at first consultation.

METHODS:

We retrospectively collected data of 451 children who visited our outpatient department for diagnostic workup related to 1 or more paroxysmal event(s). At least 1 year of follow-up was available for all children who were diagnosed with epilepsy or in whom diagnosis remained inconclusive. Clinical characteristics (sex, age of first seizure, event description, medical history) and EEG report were used as predictor variables for building a multivariate logistic regression model. Performance was validated in an external cohort (n = 187).

RESULTS:

Model discrimination was excellent, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.80–0.92), a positive predictive value of 0.93 (95% CI 0.83–0.97) and a negative predictive value of 0.76 (95% CI 0.70–0.80). Model discrimination in a selective subpopulation of children with uncertain diagnosis after initial clinical workup was good, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.73 (95% CI 0.58–0.87).

CONCLUSIONS:

This model may prove to be valuable because predictor variables together with a first interictal EEG can be available at first consultation. A Web application is provided (http://epilepsypredictiontools.info/first-consultation) to facilitate the diagnostic process for clinicians who are confronted with children with paroxysmal events, suspected of having an epileptic origin.
New records of Tillandsia L. (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) for Maranhão state, Brazil
Authors: Guarçoni Elidio A. E. , Costa Andrea Ferreira de , Silva Eduardo O. , Ferreira Alessandro W. C. , de Oliveira Miguel Sena
Published: November 2018

We report the first records of Tillandsia kegeliana, T. loliacea, T. paraensis, T. parvispica, T. recurvata, and T. tenuifolia for Maranhão, Brazil. These species were collected in the Amazonian and Cerrado biomes. This work adds new knowledge to the flora of Maranhão and extends the distribution of these species within Brazil.
First record and massive range extension of Hyalinobatrachium cappellei (Van Lidth de Jeude, 1904) (Anura, Centrolenidae) in Colombia
Authors: Thompson Michelle E. , Medina-Rangel Guido F. , Ruiz-Valderrama Diego H.
Published: November 2018

We report the first record of the Banded-limb Glassfrog, Hyalinobatrachium cappellei (Van Lidth de Jeude, 1904), in Colombia based on 2 specimens, 1 each from the municipalities of Cartagena del Chairá and Solano, department of Caquetá. The present record represents an additional amphibian species for the country, bringing the known total to 821 species and represents a massive range extension of 1,077 km southwest of the nearest known locality for H. cappellei in Venezuela.
New records of Tillandsia L. (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) for Maranhão state, Brazil
Authors: Guarçoni Elidio A. E. , Costa Andrea Ferreira da , Silva Eduardo O. , Ferreira Alessandro W. C. , de Oliveira Miguel Sena
Published: November 2018

We report the first records of Tillandsia kegeliana, T. loliacea, T. paraensis, T. parvispica, T. recurvata, and T. tenuifolia for Maranhão, Brazil. These species were collected in the Amazonian and Cerrado biomes. This work adds new knowledge to the flora of Maranhão and extends the distribution of these species within Brazil.
First record of African Hind, Cephalopholis taeniops (Valenciennes, 1828) (Perciformes, Epinephelidae) in the South-western Atlantic
Authors: Garcia Lucas Canes , Rangel Moreira Cristiano , Carvalho-Filho Alfredo
Published: November 2018

Recent studies reported the introduction of non-native species on the Brazilian coast. In this contribution, we provide the first record of Cephalopholis taeniops (Valenciennes 1828) in the western South Atlantic, based on a specimen captured off the Ilhas Cagarras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and discuss the potential agents for its introduction. While this single specimen was collected in 2006 in a well-known locality, no other specimen has been captured since.
Acrocarpic mosses (Bryophyta) of Chapada das Mesas National Park, Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Regigláucia Rodrigues de , Oliveira Hermeson Cassiano de , Fernandes Peralta Denilson , Mendes da Coceição Gonçalo
Published: November 2018

Chapada das Mesas National Park is located in southwestern Maranhão state, Brazil and comprises several forest types characteristic of the Brazilian Cerrado. We contribute to the knowledge of the distribution of Brazilian bryoflora and provide a list of moss species of Chapada das Mesas National Park. A total of 38 species of acrocarpic mosses were found, with Fissidentaceae being the richest family with 11 species. Of the species recorded, 22 are new occurrences for the state of Maranhão, and 4 of these are new records for the Northeast Region of Brazil. Most of the species recorded are broadly distributed in Brazil (66%), while restricted species represented just 10%. The most common acrocarpic moss species were Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A. Jaeger and Octoblepharum albidum Hedw.
Aquatic and semiaquatic bugs (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera) from Toluviejo Municipality, Sucre Department, Caribbean region of Colombia
Authors: Moreno-R. Claudia , Molina-J. Wendy , Barbosa Julianna Freires , Moreira Felipe
Published: November 2018

We present the results of a survey of the aquatic and semiaquatic bugs (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera) from the small streams Pechilín, Bobo, Camarón, and Macaján, located in Toluviejo Municipality, Sucre Department, Caribbean region of Colombia. Representatives of 8 families, 20 genera, and 32 species have been collected, of which 11 species are recorded for the first time from Sucre Department, 8 from the Colombian Caribbean region, and 4 from Colombia.
DECISÃO DE LOCALIZAÇÃO DE ESCOLAS COM USO DE SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA E ANÁLISE DE AGRUPAMENTOS
Authors: Melo Francisco Carlos Carvalho de , Lima Andrea Kaliany da Costa , Ferreira José Sueldo Câmara
Published: November 2018

A busca por informações mercadológicas e geodemográficas na geração de subsídios para a definição da melhor localização de empreendimentos públicos e privados é um processo que envolve diversas áreas de conhecimento. Este estudo desenvolve esforços adicionais para propor a utilização conjunta de SIG e análise de agrupamentos como subsídio para a tomada de decisão de localização de escolas do setor privado e público. Com suporte dos softwares SPSS e Arcview® GIS 3.2, foi realizada a análise de cluster dos setores censitários da planta urbana da cidade de Mossoró/RN e foi definida a localização georreferenciada das escolas municipais do ensino fundamental. O agrupamento dos casos em estudo foi efetuado mediante análise hierárquica de clusters com o método Ward, usando a distância euclidiana quadrada como medida de similaridade. O dendograma resultante sugere a formação de até 5 clusters, quantidade confirmada pelo critério do R- Quadrado (R2). Nas áreas representadas pelos clusters 2 e 4, estão instaladas o maior número de unidades educacionais. Nos clusters 1 e 3, está instalado o menor número de escolas da rede pública, onde existe o melhor desempenho de renda e menor contingente populacional. O cluster 5 detém um contingente populacional de 40.011 pessoas, sendo 5.346 delas na faixa de 6 a 14 anos e um percentual de alfabetização de 90%. Neste cluster, a renda média é de R$ 1514,25. Os resultados evidenciam que as escolas que compõem a Rede Municipal de Ensino apresentam boa distribuição no espaço geográfico da área urbana do município de Mossoró, concentrando-se em áreas da população com menor poder aquisitivo. O perfil do cluster 5, contudo, sugere que há demanda por investimentos do poder público e possibilidades de investimentos privados. A realização de estudos com uso conjunto das técnicas SIG e Cluster é promissora, sendo necessárias novas pesquisas que considerem outras variáveis, como endereços dos alunos e distância percorrida até a unidade escolar.
Nutrient Competition Mediated Antagonism of Microbes Against Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: YANDIGERI Mahesh S. , SOLANKI Manoj Kumar , KUMAR Sudheer , SINGH Rajesh Kumar , SRIVASTAVA Alok K.
Published: November 2018

Plant growth-promoting (PGP) microorganisms are beneficial soil micro creatures which may facilitate plant growth by direct or indirect ways. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MB101 (BA), Streptomyces atrovirens N23 (SA) and Hypocrea lixii NAIMCC-F-01760 (HL) were earlier reported to have the ability to manage the tomato root rot disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani (RS) at some extent. In the present study, effect of nutrient supplementation like potato dextrose broth (PDB) and tomato root extract (TRE) on antagonism of these three microbes was characterized under the soil microcosm in order to understand the role of nutrient in microbe-microbe interaction. A moderate influence on the population of all three antagonists was resulted by PDB and TRE with RS. However, TRE and PDB were causing a significant impact on cell wall degrading enzymes and antifungal activity in the presence of RS. Moreover, hyphal degradation of RS was proved by scanning electron micrographs in the absence of substrates. Nutrient competition enhanced the call wall degrading enzyme production. Therefore, the present study concluded the role of substrate in the mycoparasitism and also sustain the potential of the hereby methodology (soil microcosm) for screening of other soil-inhibiting organism in the future.
Determination of Heavy Metal Levels in Echium italicum L. Plants
Authors: UCAR Esra , OZEL Sevda , KARAKOY Tolga , OKTUREN ASRI Filiz , DINCEL Gulsah Kutuk , DINCEL Burak
Published: November 2018

Plants and their components have maintained importance in human life as medicinal and aromatic ingredients that have been used by people for many centuries. Nature is the chief source of these valuable resources and humans use these plants directly after collection from their habitat. Therefore, the places where such plants grow have become highly important for understanding the role and behaviour of the accumulation of various elements, especially heavy metals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of heavy metals in Echium italicum L. plants collected from seven different locations in the province of Sivas in Northern Turkey. Heavy metal pollution was determined in the analysis of the plants. A significant difference was observed in the amounts of heavy metals between plants growing in areas with high vehicle traffic and in the plants growing in low traffic areas. This is of great importance for medical and aromatic plants, which are usually collected from areas of natural growth. Therefore, when these plants are collected from the wild, low traffic areas should be selected.