bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with depression in Scotland
Authors: Alotaibi R. , Halbesma N. , Wild S. , Jackson C. A.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Premature mortality in people with depression is well established. A better understanding of the causes of death and the relative risks of death from each cause may help identify factors that contribute to the health inequalities between people with and without depression.

Objectives

To describe all-cause and cause-specific mortality of people with a hospital admission record for depression in Scotland, relative to the general population.

Methods

We used a linked population-based dataset of all psychiatric hospital admissions in Scotland to the national death dataset to identify 28,837 adults ≥18 years of age who had a hospital admission record of depression between 2000 and 2019. We obtained general population estimates and mortality data from the National Records of Scotland and quantified the relative difference in mortality by calculating the standardised mortality ratio (SMR), using indirect standardisation and stratifying by sex.

Results

During a median follow-up of 8.1 years, 7,931(27.5%) people who were hospitalised for depression died. Circulatory system diseases were the most common causes of death. Standardised all-cause mortality was more than three times higher than would be expected based on death rates in the general Scottish population. SMRs were similar in men and women for all-cause mortality and, in general, for cause-specific death (Table 1). The SMR for the suicide category was markedly higher in women than men, partly explained by the higher suicide mortality in males than females in the general population.Table 1

All-cause and cause-specific mortality of people hospitalised for depression in Scotland 2000-19

Observed deaths, n
(All)Expected deaths, n
(All)SMR (95% CI)
(All)Observed deaths, n
(Male)Expected deaths, n
(Male)SMR (95% CI)
(Male)Observed deaths, n
(Female)Expected deaths, n
(FemaleSMR (95% CI)
(Female)
All-cause7,93124273.3(3.2-3.3)361710523.4(3.3-3.5)431413753.1(3.0-3.2)Circulatory system diseases2,0208062.5(2.4-2.6)8863432.6(2.4-2.7)1,1344632.4(2.3-2.6)Neoplasms1,1536821.7(1.6-1.8)5343061.7(1.6-1.9)6193761.6(1.5-1.8)Respiratory system diseases1,1062923.8(3.6-4.0)4531124.0(3.7-4.4)6531803.6(3.3-3.9)Mental & behavioural disorders8351316.4(5.9-6.8)333526.4(5.7-7.2)502796.3(5.8-6.9)Accidents395695.7(5.2-6.3)224385.9(5.1-6.7)171315.5(4.7-6.3)Suicide, self-harm & injuries of undetermined Intent8055315.2(14.1-16.2)4853912.4(11.3-13.5)3201422.9(20.3-25.4)Other external cause2864.7(2.9-6.4)1635.3 (2.7- 7.9)1234.0(1.7-6.3)Other natural diseases1,5893884.1(3.9-4.3)6861594.3 (4.0-4.6)9032293.9(3.7-4.2)

CI: Confidence interval; SMR: Standardised mortality ratio

Conclusions

People hospitalised for depression continue to have higher all-cause mortality than the general population in Scotland, with relative mortality varying by cause of death.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
In Silico Screening as a Tool to Prepare Drug-Drug Cocrystals of Ibrutinib-Ketoconazole: a Strategy to Enhance Their Solubility Profiles and Oral Bioavailability
Authors: Kara Divya Dhatri , Bangera Pragathi Devanand , Mehta Chetan Hasmukh , Tanvi Katikala , Rathnanand Mahalaxmi
Published: August 2023

Ibrutinib (IBR) is a biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II drug and an irreversible Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor. IBR has an extremely low oral bioavailability due to the activity of the CYP3A4 enzyme. The current intention of the research was to enhance solubility followed by oral bioavailability of IBR using the hot melt extrusion (HME) technique by formulating drug-drug cocrystals (DDCs). Ketoconazole (KET) is an active CYP3A4 inhibitor and was selected based on computational studies and solubility parameter prediction. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluations were employed for estimating the formation of IBR-KET DDCs. The IBR-KET DDC system was discovered to have a hydrogen bond (H-bond) and π-π-stacking interactions, in accordance with the computational results. Further, IBR-KET DDCs showed enhanced solubility, stability, powder dissolution, in vitro release, and flow properties. Furthermore, IBR-KET-DDCs were associated with enhanced cytotoxic activity in K562-CCL-243 cancer cell lines when compared with IBR and KET alone. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies have shown an enhanced oral bioavailability of up to 4.30 folds of IBR and 2.31 folds of KET through IBR-KET-DDCs compared to that of the IBR and KET suspension alone. Thus, the prepared IBR-KET-DDCs using the HME technique stand as a favorable drug delivery system that augments the solubility and oral bioavailability of IBR along with KET.

Graphical abstract
New Horizons: Epidemiology of Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Harborg Sixten , Kjærgaard Kasper A , Thomsen Reimar Wernich , Borgquist Signe , Cronin-Fenton Deirdre , Hjorth Cathrine F
Published: August 2023

The global prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus has increased in parallel with increasing cancer incidence, due to environmental and lifestyle factors and population aging. Metabolic diseases are associated with increased cancer risk, so a growing number of patients with cancer have coexistent obesity and/or diabetes mellitus. In this narrative review, we highlight recent evidence on the clinical impact of obesity and diabetes mellitus on the prognosis of prostate, breast, and colorectal cancer, and provide an overview of the underlying mechanisms. There is evidence that obesity is associated with increased risk of recurrence, and all-cause and cancer-specific mortality among adults with prostate, breast, and colorectal cancer. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased all-cause and cancer-specific mortality for these 3 cancers, beyond any impact of obesity. Evidence also suggests increased risk of colorectal cancer recurrence in patients with diabetes mellitus. The underlying mechanisms are multifactorial and likely include hormonal imbalances and chronic inflammation that promote cancer cell growth. Obesity and diabetes mellitus are associated with increased risk of complications and side effects of cancer treatment. Associated comorbidities such as impaired kidney function, cardiovascular disease, and neuropathies may preclude the use of guideline cancer treatment and are competing causes of death. Cancer patients with metabolic diseases require a designated clinical program and a multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists, endocrinologists, surgeons, nutritionists, and physiotherapists, to ensure coordinated and optimized patient care.
Ex-vivo drug screening of surgically resected glioma stem cells to replace murine avatars and provide personalise cancer therapy for glioblastoma patients
Authors: Gagg Hannah , Williams Sophie T. , Conroy Samantha , Myers Katie N. , McGarrity-Cottrell Connor , Jones Callum , Helleday Thomas , Rantala Juha , Rominiyi Ola , Danson Sarah J. , Collis Spencer J. , Wells Greg
Published: August 2023

With diminishing returns and high clinical failure rates from traditional preclinical and animal-based drug discovery strategies, more emphasis is being placed on alternative drug discovery platforms. Ex vivo approaches represent a departure from both more traditional preclinical animal-based models and clinical-based strategies and aim to address intra-tumoural and inter-patient variability at an earlier stage of drug discovery. Additionally, these approaches could also offer precise treatment stratification for patients within a week of tumour resection in order to direct tailored therapy. One tumour group that could significantly benefit from such ex vivo approaches are high-grade gliomas, which exhibit extensive heterogeneity, cellular plasticity and therapy-resistant glioma stem cell (GSC) niches. Historic use of murine-based preclinical models for these tumours has largely failed to generate new therapies, resulting in relatively stagnant and unacceptable survival rates of around 12-15 months post-diagnosis over the last 50 years. The near universal use of DNA damaging chemoradiotherapy after surgical resection within standard-of-care (SoC) therapy regimens provides an opportunity to improve current treatments if we can identify efficient drug combinations in preclinical models that better reflect the complex inter-/intra-tumour heterogeneity, GSC plasticity and inherent DNA damage resistance mechanisms. We have therefore developed and optimised a high-throughput ex vivo drug screening platform; GliExP, which maintains GSC populations using immediately dissociated fresh surgical tissue. As a proof-of-concept for GliExP, we have optimised SoC therapy responses and screened 30+ small molecule therapeutics and preclinical compounds against tumours from 18 different patients, including multi-region spatial heterogeneity sampling from several individual tumours. Our data therefore provides a strong basis to build upon GliExP to incorporate combination-based oncology therapeutics in tandem with SoC therapies as an important preclinical alternative to murine models (reduction and replacement) to triage experimental therapeutics for clinical translation and deliver rapid identification of effective treatment strategies for individual gliomas.
When citizen science meets radon building diagnosis: Synthesis of a French pilot project developed in the framework of the European RadoNorm research project
Authors: Andresz Sylvain , Marchand-Moury Ambre , Goyette-Pernot Joëlle , Rivière Anne-Laure , Schieber Caroline
Published: August 2023

As part of the European RadoNorm research project, citizen science pilot projects focusing on the management of radon risk in houses have been implemented in four countries. This article describes the methodological basis, the development and the results of the French pilot project. Building on an initial review of existing literature, the pilot project aims to frame a ‘participatory approach’ aligned with the standards and recognized practices of citizen science. Particular attention was given to the management of data and the inclusion of ethical considerations.

The focal point of the project was the process of radon building diagnosis which is supposed to be carried out whenever (high) radon concentrations are measured and should be prerequisite to mitigation works. As experience shows, however, this diagnosis is hardly implemented in France. To help remedy this situation, the pilot project recruited citizens already aware about radon from Pays Vesoul Val-de-Saône (East of France) to test an existing online self-evaluation guide for radon diagnosis, report on their operational experience and meet with radon/building experts. This enabled citizens to contribute to improvements in form and content to the guide and to ensure that it would be better fit for purpose. Comparison of the guide with experts’ practices offered additional perspectives on what building diagnosis should entail.

The pilot project produced rich and high-quality data that will nurture the evolution of the guide. The project demonstrated both the viability and the utility of applying the citizen science approach to radon post-measurement phases, with measurable benefits in bridging knowledge gaps and in encouraging behavioural changes. The results of using a citizen science approach in the field of radon management and research are encouraging, and they far outweigh the challenges involved in the implementation.
Patterns of neurobehavioral functioning in school-aged survivors of neonatal jaundice and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in Kilifi, Kenya: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Magai Dorcas N. , Newton Charles R , Mwangi Paul , Koot Hans M. , Abubakar Amina
Published: August 2023

Background: Studies in high-income countries have reported that school-aged children who survive neonatal jaundice (NNJ) and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) develop long-term neurocognitive problems. However, less is known about the patterns of functioning in school-aged survivors of NNJ and HIE in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examined patterns of functioning in school-aged children who survived NNJ and HIE in Kilifi, Kenya.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included 107 survivors of NNJ/HIE (64 with NNJ, 43 with HIE), aged 6-12 years, admitted to Kilifi County Hospital on the Kenyan Coast. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Adapted Communication Profile, Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) and an epilepsy screening tool were used to assess gross motor function, communication function, intellectual functioning, and epilepsy, respectively.

Results: Most of the survivors of NNJ (95.2%) and HIE (95.3%) had no impairments in gross motor functioning. A small percentage of the children in the NNJ and HIE groups had profound problems in their communication (4.7% and 4.7%); expressive communication function (4.7% and 4.7%); social functions (3.1% and 2.3%); receptive communication (4.7% and 2.3%); and communicative effectiveness (4.7% and 2.3%). Cognitive impairment was reported in 10.9% and 11.9% for NNJ and HIE survivors, respectively. Active epilepsy was detected in 1.6% of survivors of NNJ and 2.3% of survivors of HIE. A subgroup of severe NNJ and HIE survivors without co-occurring conditions had the worst intellectual and active epilepsy outcomes. All children had normal hearing and visual functioning except one participant who presented with mild visual acuity problems.

Conclusions: Most school-aged children who survive with NNJ and HIE have normal motor and communication function; however, one in ten are likely to present with lowered intellectual functioning compared to the normative sample.
ChromatoShiny: an interactive R/Shiny App for plotting chromatography profiles
Authors: Kochanova Natalia Y. , Abad Maria Alba , Vizjak Petra , Jeyaprakash A. Arockia , Earnshaw William C. , Kustatscher Georg
Published: August 2023

Background: UnicornTM software on Äkta liquid chromatography instruments outputs chromatography profiles of purified biological macromolecules. While the plots generated by the instrument software are very helpful to inspect basic chromatogram properties, they lack a range of useful annotation, customization and export options.

Methods: We use the R Shiny framework to build an interactive app that facilitates the interpretation of chromatograms and the generation of figures for publications.

Results: The app allows users to fit a baseline, to highlight selected fractions and elution volumes inside or under the plot (e.g. those used for downstream biochemical/biophysical/structural analysis) and to zoom into the plot. The app is freely available at https://ChromatoShiny.bio.ed.ac.uk.

Conclusions:  It requires no programming experience, so we anticipate that it will enable chromatography users to create informative, annotated chromatogram plots quickly and simply.
Editorial
Authors: Varghese Anitha
Published: August 2023

It is indeed a great pleasure and privilege for me to introduce the Chemical Sciences issue of Mapana-Journal of Sciences which is dedicated to publishing the research articles pertaining to the field of Chemistry and related areas. The first article by Kezia Sasitharan reports a brief review on the working of photovoltaic systems and the conditions required to fabricate an ideal solar cell. Some of the advanced systems incorporated in solar cells over the past 20 years have been discussed along with their place in making photovoltaic technology efficient.
Green Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Calendula Officinalis And Its Anti-Bacterial Studies
Authors: M Nidhin , R Sakshi
Published: August 2023

Green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles was carried out using Calendula officinalis (marigold flower) extract without use of any organic solvent and heat. The biosynthesis of Ag nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and XRD. The surface morphology and size of the prepared nanoparticles were confirmed by TEM. The anti-bacterial properties of the prepared NPs were tested against E. coli bacteria by growth inhibitory zone plate well method.
Assessment of DNA Damage in Peripheral Blood of Tobacco Users
Authors: P Manikantan , S Rajkumar , P Thirunavukkarasu , K Harishankar
Published: August 2023

The smokeless tobacco has a physical powerful association with the risk of oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, Oral squamous cell carcinoma and Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. ST components exhibit genotoxicity and may alter the structure of DNA, proteins and lipids, resulting in the production of antigenicity. Present study was carried out to investigate the effects of chewing tobacco (CT) with smoking on lymphocyte DNA damage. After signing a consent form, volunteers provided blood samples (76 samples from including experimental and control subjects) to establish SCGE (comet).  Statistically significant results were obtained in experimental subjects when compared to controls. However association found with smoking had significant effect, and it can induce maximum amount of DNA damage. The genotoxic effect of chewing tobacco (CT) should be considered in addition to other known hazards for assessing health risks.
Synthesis and characterization of penta-coordinated 2- and 4-substituted pyridine N-oxide silicon complexes
Authors: Yamajala Rajesh B R D
Published: August 2023

Novel penta-coordinated 2- and 4-substituted pyridine N-oxide silicon complexes were synthesized by the reaction of various 2- and 4-substituted pyridine N-oxides with silicon pinacolate. These complexes were characterized by 29Si NMR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The objectives of the present work is the study of influence of substitution at either 4 or 2-position of the pyridine N-oxide on the effect of the profile of pentacoordination.
Quantum States of a Relativistic Charged Particle in Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields
Authors: Kagali Basavaraj , Shivalingaswamy Tavarekere
Published: August 2023

The exact eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of a spinless relativistic charged particle are obtained here. The results are compared with those from classical mechanics.
Factors Determining the Marketing Managerial Efficiency (With Reference to the Edible Oil Entrepreneurs in Karnataka)
Authors: Manjunatha K.
Published: August 2023

In India, in the recent decades there has been the emergence of modernised form of edible oil industry and suitable marketing strategies have been designed with an eye to earn enormous foreign exchange. However the current levels of productivity and quality of edible oils and the by-products are not adequate for meeting national requirement and do not match with international standards. Among several reasons for this state of affairs in the industry, one of the most striking lacuna is, inefficient marketing management of the enterprises. In this study, an effort is made to identify the factors that comprise marketing managerial efficiency and specific recommendations are made to improving the marketing managerial efficiency. Managerial efficiency with special emphasis on marketing can be operationally defined as the "degree to which the entrepreneur is able to adopt the practice the effectiveness factors for the purpose of achieving maximum profitability in the enterprise and high degree of consumer satisfaction."
Health Care System in Goa: Analysis of Role in Sustainable Development
Authors: Ferrao e Fernandes Anna Rovina
Published: August 2023

The notion of human well-being includes the crucial attributes of leading a healthy life free from illness and ailments and a reasonable life span. Experience shows that economic prosperity measured in terms of quantitative indicators does not always ensure enrichment in quality of life, but it is reflected in broader dimensions of well-being such as health, which is desirable in sustaining the development process. Hence evaluating the achievements on health front acquires importance.

Health policies in developing countries including India have focused on the issues related to population growth, common diseases, nutrition, disabilities, newly emerging diseases such as AIDS, occupational diseases, mental diseases and so on. Along with this earlier health agenda, increasing urbanization has thrown up new health challenges related to environment pollution, increased exposure to toxic substances in everyday life and life styles related health problems.

The paper highlights the importance of a well-managed health care system in economic development. It discusses the vital statistics indicating health status of Goa. It analyzes'the trends in health sector expenditure as a proportion of Goa's NSDP. It attempts to examine if the health system in Goa is well-equipped to face the emerging health challenges to ensure sustainable development of the economy.
Descriptive Model of Community Participation: Delivering Urban Services
Authors: Abdulraheem A , Raman A
Published: August 2023

Community participation means readiness of both the government and the community to accept certain responsibilities and activities. It also means that the value of each group's contribution is seen, appreciated, and used more tokenism or propaganda will not make participation meaningful. The honest inclusion of community representative as partners in decision-making makes for successful community participation. Basic urban services in India are inadequate to meet the needs of the population in low-income areas. This is evident from past studies undertaken at both the macro and micro level. Furthermore, the situation will continue unchanged in the future despite government agency efforts to improve the infrastructure and service delivery, as projected capabilities will not meet projected needs for services. There is a need, therefore to extend services through community participation strategies. Community involvement has been sought in the past through certain government projects. Therefore, is a model that will describe an approach to service delivery of a participatory nature? This should be considered not only as an option but also as a recommended approach in future plans for urban development. Therefore, this paper describe that the participatory management model and some policy implication towards community participation.
Social Security Code 2020: An Analysis
Authors: Nadagoudar Suresh , Patil Rajashree
Published: August 2023

Social security has been viewed in numerous countries as one of the most efficient ways of mitigating the economic insecurities of the working population. The sectors and people to whom such social security schemes apply have been a subject of much debate ever since the inception of the policies in India. In 2020, the Social Security Code was enacted with a view to amend and consolidate the laws relating to social security in India and to extend social security to all employees, either in the organized or unorganized or any other sector. This paper ventures into a detailed analysis of the Code, intending to lay out its salient features, new incorporations, lacunae, and to what extent the Code may practically serve the purpose of reducing the effects of economic shocks to the poor and the needy of the country. The paper also intends to analyze the various provisions of the Code with respect to the unorganized, gig, and platform workers and seeks to highlight its various shortcomings.
Sexual and environmental dimorphism of the frequency of significant correlations of body mass and height with feet features among 7-13-year-old adolescents
Authors: Rzadkowski Kamil , Mrozkowiak Mirosław
Published: August 2023

The aim of the study is to demonstrate the sexual and environmental dimorphism of the frequency of significant correlations between body weight and height with selected feet features among 7–13-year-old children.
Material and method. The research among 7-13-year-old children was being carried out over a period of 3 years in 6 semi-annual editions and allowed to register 16,462 observations of the value of 48 features describing feet, weight, and height of the body. The photogrammetric method was used to measure selected features.
Conclusions

Among 7-13-year-old children, the body height is more often associated with the features of the feet than the body weight.
Among girls, the proportions of the frequency of body height correlations are similar to the percentage of boys, where body weights are more frequent. The mass and body height shows more frequent associations with feet features among children living in the city than among children from the countryside.
The most frequent significant correlations between body weight and height and the features of the feet occur among boys living in the city. Whereby the percentage of body weight correlations in the rural environment is very low. The frequency of body weight and height correlations exceeds that percentage of correlations among girls, who live in the city than in those from rural environment.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery with a modern method - is there anything to fear?
Authors: Krysa Tomasz , Janczewska Martyna , Bielak Alicja , Kolasa Agata , Radziejowska Zuzanna , Szklarz Magdalena , Kalicka Maria , Gryta Jakub , Iwan Karolina
Published: August 2023

Background: Endovascular surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysms using a stent graft is the modern method of supplying these life-threatening lesions in large arterial vessels. In recent years, there have been significant improvements in the technique of performing these procedures, despite which complications are still common. In order to make progress in dealing with this problem, it is important to understand in which areas of the treatment strategy appropriate changes have not yet been implemented. Various clinical cases that describe post-operative complications of stent-graft surgery, types of post-operative complications and methods of dealing with the complication that has occurred should be analysed. And also other research papers relating to this topic. The first step is to deepen the knowledge of existing post-operative complications and the types of complications that can occur after stent-graft implantation into the abdominal aorta, as well as contemporary methods of treating complications that have already arisen.

Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to present the incidence of complications after endovascular surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysms using a stent graft, the repair methods used when a complication occurs, the types of complications and their different kinds based on a review of the literature.

Material and methods: A literature review was conducted in English-language databases, based on original articles and case reports, on post-operative complications of abdominal aortic stent-graft surgery, together with treatment methods and different types of complications arising from this procedure published between 2022 and 2023. Using the keywords: "abdominal aortic stent-graft" and "complications".
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy - what do we know? A review of current knowledge state
Authors: Radwański Jan , Pawęska Wojciech , Dominik Hanna , Polatowska Marika , Gadomska  Anna , Kurek Justyna , Gorzyński Rafał , Czudy Zuzanna , Molczyk-Sieńczak Justyna , Garstka Michał
Published: August 2023

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited disorder that is responsible for a considerable number of sudden death cases in young athletes. Its pathological hallmark is a progressive loss of myocytes predominantly in the right ventricle and its simultaneous replacement by fibrous and fat tissue, which in turn leads to an increased risk of potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias to occur. Over a dozen of mutations have been confirmed as genetic basis of ARVC with most of them affecting genes encoding desmosome proteins, however in up to half of all cases the exact etiology is still unknown. By number of studies, it is implied that physical activity is the most significant environmental factor that impacts the development and course of the disease. The main focus of treatment is to prevent sudden cardiac deaths and additionally to moderate arrhythmic events and heart failure.
Factores laborales, actitudes de género y bienestar asociados al conflicto trabajo y familia en Chile
Authors: Armijo Lorena , Román Helena , Arredondo Emanuel
Published: August 2023

La incidencia de factores y actitudes de género y el Estado de bienestar en el conflicto trabajo y familia ha sido abordado a nivel internacional, pero sin evidencia en Chile. Este estudio analizó cómo afectan distintos factores sociolaborales, el tradicionalismo de género y las actitudes hacia el Estado de bienestar en el conflicto trabajo/familia, en una muestra de 550 trabajadores con hijos menores de 14 años, residentes en Santiago de Chile. Se aplicó un análisis de regresión logística para determinar las variables predictoras del conflicto trabajo/familia, del conflicto trabajo a familia y del conflicto familia a trabajo. Los resultados muestran que las dificultades para conciliar en la empresa y el tradicionalismo de género influyen positivamente en el conflicto trabajo/familia. Además, el ingreso mínimo influye en el conflicto trabajo/familia; mientras que el tiempo de cuidado incide en el conflicto familia a trabajo y las horas fuera de casa en el conflicto trabajo a familia.
Caracterizando la informalidad: un análisis sobre migración, género, jóvenes, educación y tecnología en la informalidad
Authors: Batz Liñeiro Aglaya , Montes de la Barrera Jose , Romero Ochoa Jhon Alexander
Published: August 2023

Una porción importante del mercado laboral en los países del sur global es la población informal. Tan solo en Colombia, la informalidad representó el 58,2 % de la fuerza laboral entre septiembre y noviembre de 2022. Más aún, teniendo en cuenta el papel que desem-peña el capital social en los mercados y en las interacciones sociales de diversos grupos poblacionales, y el acceso al financiamiento en la inclusión de las dinámicas de mercado y la promoción de ecosistemas emprendedores, es necesario analizar la heterogeneidad presente en los niveles de bienestar, capital social, acceso financiero y avance tecnológico. Lo anterior, con el objetivo de establecer políticas dirigidas a reducir las diferencias socioe-conómicas en términos de empleo, nacionalidad, género y grupos socioeconómicos. Por esto, el libro busca analizar diferentes características, valoraciones y comportamientos, en términos de bienestar social, capital social, inclusión financiera y uso tecnológico en diferentes subgrupos informales: 1) ocupaciones (vendedores ambulantes, recicladores y domiciliarios), 2) género (hombres, mujeres u otros), 3) nacionalidad (colombianos y migrantes) y 4) jóvenes (menores de 30 años) y mayores de 30 años.
A Design Theory for Transparency of Information Privacy Practices
Authors: Dehling Tobias , Sunyaev Ali
Published: August 2023

Public policy initiatives demand transparency of information privacy practices (TIPP) since the 1970s, at least, when a first version of the fair information practice principles (FIPP) was published. Decades later, information system (IS) providers are still struggling to meet this demand. Apparently, there is a tension between socially desirable guardrails for privacy practices (e.g., allowing for anonymity) and economic value creation (e.g., exploiting personalization surplus). To inform IS designs that can change such avaricious states to the benefit of consumers, we present a theoretical foundation (TIPP theory) explaining and prescribing what needs to be built to establish TIPP in the real world. On the one hand, TIPP theory explains why IS providers, who have privacy practices to hide, should not go beyond IS designs that meet legal demands. More importantly, TIPP theory explains and prescribes what IS providers need to build to actually establish TIPP and be able to differentiate from competitors by doing so. TIPP theory will be useful for all involved parties: IS providers are enabled to avoid privacy notice fallacies, public policy makers can give more details in their related guidance and laws published, and consumers can, ultimately, interact with IS that actually establish TIPP.
Contextual Targeting in mHealth Apps: Harnessing Weather Information and Message Framing to Increase Physical Activity
Authors: Kyung Nakyung , Chan Jason , Lim Sanghee , Lee Byungtae
Published: August 2023

Mobile technologies provide a unique opportunity for practitioners to identify users’ real-time context and provide personalized interventions to influence their behaviors. However, less is known about a way to improve the effectiveness of mobile health intervention by using context information. This study provides design guidelines on how to use weather information with messaging formats to spur exercise. Through a field experiment that each participant experience different weather conditions in two different treatment periods under the gain or loss interventions, we found that the effects of gain or loss interventions under different weather conditions are heterogeneous. Loss intervention leads to higher fulfillment of exercise goals than gain intervention in sunny weather, whereas gain interventions are more effective than loss interventions in cloudy weather. In addition, we found that weather-based intervention can be used repeatedly over time without losing its effectiveness. Furthermore, we reveal that weather-based intervention is effective toward at-risk populations such as inactive individuals or lower income groups, serving as an mhealth solution that closes the health gap between the haves and have nots. Our findings provide useful guidelines for health service providers and health policymakers regarding how to effectively leverage contextual cues into mobile health intervention.
A RETROSPECTIVE AUDIT INVESTIGATING THE MDT CARE PROVIDED FOR FRAGILITY NON-HIP FEMORAL FRACTURES WITHIN A MAJOR TRAUMA CENTRE
Authors: Underwood T. , Mastan S. , O'Brien S. , Welton C. , Woodruff M.
Published: August 2023

There has been extensive research into neck of femur fractures in the elderly. Fragility non-hip femoral fractures share many of the same challenges [1]. Surgical management is complex, patients are frail and mortality rates have been reported as high as 38% [2]. Despite this, relatively little data is available evaluating the level of MDT care provided to non-hip femoral fractures.

This audit aimed to evaluate the standard of MDT care provided for patients with non-hip femoral fractures according to the NHFD key performance indicators. The following fractures were included in the dataset: distal femoral, femoral shaft and peri-prosthetic femoral. Patients under 65 were excluded. Data was retrospectively collected using post-operative and medical documentation. Performance was assessed according to five key performance indicators:

Did orthogeriatrics review the patient within 72-hours?

Was surgery performed within 36-hours?

Was the patient weight bearing post-operatively?

Was a confusion assessment completed?

Was the patient discharged home?

38 patients met the inclusion criteria. 84% of patients were seen by orthogeriatrics within 72 hours of admission. 32% of patients were operated on within 36-hours of admission, with time to theatre exceeding 36-hours in 92% of peri-prosthetic fractures. 37% of patients were not advised to full weight bear post operatively. 84% of patients received a confusion assessment whilst 61% of patients were discharged to their prior place of living.

Our results suggest that non-hip femoral fractures do not receive the same standard of MDT care as neck of femur fractures. Greater prioritisation of resources should be given to this patient subset so that care is equivalent to hip-fracture patients. Time to surgery is a particular area for improvement, particularly in peri-prosthetic fractures, a trend that is mirrored nationally. Greater emphasis should be placed on encouraging full-weight bearing post-operatively to prevent post-surgical complications.
Findings from a pilot randomized trial of spinal decompression alone or spinal decompression plus instrumented fusion
Authors: Beresford-Cleary Nicolas J. A. , Silman Alan , Thakar Chrishan , Gardner Adrian , Harding Ian , Cooper Cushla , Cook Jonathan , Rothenfluh Dominique A.
Published: August 2023

Aims

Symptomatic spinal stenosis is a very common problem, and decompression surgery has been shown to be superior to nonoperative treatment in selected patient groups. However, performing an instrumented fusion in addition to decompression may avoid revision and improve outcomes. The aim of the SpInOuT feasibility study was to establish whether a definitive randomized controlled trial (RCT) that accounted for the spectrum of pathology contributing to spinal stenosis, including pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (PI-LL) mismatch and mobile spondylolisthesis, could be conducted.

Methods

As part of the SpInOuT-F study, a pilot randomized trial was carried out across five NHS hospitals. Patients were randomized to either spinal decompression alone or spinal decompression plus instrumented fusion. Patient-reported outcome measures were collected at baseline and three months. The intended sample size was 60 patients.

Results

Of the 90 patients screened, 77 passed the initial screening criteria. A total of 27 patients had a PI-LL mismatch and 23 had a dynamic spondylolisthesis. Following secondary inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 patients were eligible for the study. Six patients were randomized and one underwent surgery during the study period. Given the low number of patients recruited and randomized, it was not possible to assess completion rates, quality of life, imaging, or health economic outcomes as intended.

Conclusion

This study provides a unique insight into the prevalence of dynamic spondylolisthesis and PI-LL mismatch in patients with symptomatic spinal stenosis, and demonstrates that there is a need for a definitive RCT which stratifies for these groups in order to inform surgical decision-making. Nonetheless a definitive study would need further refinement in design and implementation in order to be feasible.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(8):573–579.
Engela the Saxon Queen and Britain's Legendary History in Bartholomaeus Anglicus' De proprietatibus rerum
Authors: Twomey Michael W.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Bartholomaeus Anglicus' encyclopedia De proprietatibus rerum [On the properties of things] (ca. 1240) privileges Bartholomaeus' homeland, England, in its coverage of geography, citing as a source an unidentified ' Brut history' that is most likely not a Latin source. Bartholomaeus further claims 'Engela,' a Saxon queen, as the eponym of England, securing for her a place in Britain's legendary history that would have delighted Fiona Tolhurst, to whose memory this article is dedicated.
The Costs of Funerals in Malory's: Morte Darthur
Authors: Clifton Nicole
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Using historical sources to provide context for funerary expenses, this article argues that whereas funerals early in Malory's Morte Darthur advertize the wealth and power of those who fund the burials, post-Grail Quest funerals emphasize spiritual growth, especially Lancelot's. Malory's changes to his sources increase drama and develop themes.
Olaudah Equiano's Enchantments
Authors: Williams Bryan C.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Of late, much scholarship on Olaudah Equiano's Interesting Narrative has focused either on the meaning of Equiano's Christianity in postcolonial terms or the debate over Equiano's actual place of birth. To be sure, these discussions have been illuminating in many ways, but this essay seeks to change direction in Equiana by calling attention to the enchantments that infuse Equiano's life story—the magical and miraculous events that structure the narrative of his experience and the corresponding concepts of enchanted space and time by which he interprets them. Presenting supernatural experiences as evidence of his sensibility to the enchanted substrata of the world, Equiano, I argue, attempts a counter-cartographic project of locating Africa and Africans at the center of the atlas of world history over and against the dominant British assumption that Africa had no place in the history of human civilization. To accomplish this remapping, Equiano deploys enchanted scenes rhetorically to depict Africa as central to geohistorical time. Concomitantly, in his presentation of miraculous encounters, Equiano stresses a competing hermeneutics of enchantment that sanctions his new depiction and, along with it, his calls for abolition and justice. In focusing on Equiano's sensibility to extraempirical dimensions of geography and history, I hope to provide scholars of secular and religious orientations, as well as those divided over Equiano's empirical birthplace, some ground for collaboration and new discussion.
Charity Bryant and the Queer Affordances of the Early American Acrostic
Authors: Putzi Jennifer
Published: August 2023

Abstract: This article investigates early American women's acrostic poetry, especially as it was written and exchanged in same-sex friendships and romantic relationships. It begins with a discussion of male poets' deployment of the print acrostic in the service of courtship, considering how such poems expose women to the public eye. Women's manuscript acrostics, on the other hand, refuse the isolation of the female subject in the heterosexual pair, instead creating community in their composition and circulation practices. By way of example, the article turns to acrostic poetry written and received by Charity Bryant, a young teacher from New England whose affections for other women prompted the exchange of manuscript acrostics that fit same-sex love into the larger framework of gendered respectability and morality. Taken together, these poems demonstrate the adaptation of women's manuscript practices to relationships that included but went well beyond the rhetoric of romantic friendship. In this exchange, the article argues, acrostics normalize same-sex relationships, making them legible and preserving them for posterity.
Picketing Against Porn in Mesquite: Community Values vs. "Satan's Library"
Authors: Woods Fred E. , Jensen Cheryl
Published: August 2023

Abstract: In the spring of 1993 the opening of Pure Pleasure Book Store in Mesquite, Nevada, met with protests from many of the citizens of Virgin Valley in southeast Nevada. The conservative and church-going community rallied around members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Mormons) who objected to what they saw as an affront to the moral standards of the community and the dangers that pornography presented to children and families. The Mesquite Chamber of Commerce formed an organization with the acronym HOME, Help Our Moral Environment, to fight for the closure of the bookstore. HOME attracted support from the citizens of the valley and neighboring communities in Utah who volunteered to serve on picket lines near the store with signs denouncing pornography. Store owners asserted their right to free speech and kept the doors open while challenging a zoning ordinance in the courts that was passed by the City of Mesquite which prohibited such businesses. As the courts deliberated, picketing continued for twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, for two and a half years. On March 27, 1996, in Las Vegas Federal District Court, Judge Phillip Pro ruled in favor of the City of Mesquite to close the offending business under the authority of its zoning ordinance.
Quality and spatial intensity distribution characteristics of short-exposure spot images of a supercontinuum laser in a turbulent atmosphere
Authors: Li Yaqian , Wang Zhangjun , Qian Xianmei , Chen Chao , Li Xianxin , Wang Xiufen , Li Hui , Zhuang Quanfeng , Xue Boyang , Yu Yang , Pan Xin
Published: August 2023

In this study, considering the combined effects of atmospheric attenuation and turbulence, we examine the spot quality and spatial intensity distribution characteristics of a supercontinuum (SC) laser propagating in a turbulent atmosphere using the multi-layer phase-screen method. An increase in turbulence strength or a decrease in the initial beam radius resulted in a greater impact of the atmospheric turbulence on the SC laser. A decrease in source coherence results in the deterioration of the image quality of the far-field spot. Under moderate to strong turbulence, the scintillation index decreased as the source coherence decreased; however, the opposite trend was observed under weak turbulence. These results are significant for the advancement and optimization of SC laser systems.
Analysis of edge jumps in multi-wavelength phasing of segmented-mirror telescopes
Authors: Schoeck Matthias , Chanan Gary
Published: August 2023

Interferometric methods for phasing the primary mirrors of segmented-mirror telescopes generally need to make measurements at multiple wavelengths in order to achieve suitably large edge height capture ranges. In the presence of measurement errors, such methods have the potential for grossly wrong measurements, so-called edge jumps. In this paper, we investigate the causes of edge jumps using the example of Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) phasing. We explain the reasons for their occurrence and develop a mathematical understanding of the conditions under which they arise. We describe how stability analyses of the vast parameter space relevant to TMT phasing can be accomplished in an efficient way and present examples of results. These concepts are also applicable to other multi-wavelength interferometric phase measurement techniques.
Bidirectional planar absorber with polarization-selective absorption and reflection capabilities
Authors: Hsun Chun-Hao , Chen Fu-Chiarng
Published: August 2023

In this study, we developed a novel planar bidirectional perfect metamaterial absorber (PMA) with polarization-selective absorption and reflection capabilities. The proposed bidirectional PMA has near-perfect absorption for y- and x-polarized waves propagating in the −z and + z directions. It also reflects x- and y-polarized waves propagating in the −z and + z directions. We used full-wave simulations and Fabry–Perot cavity models to evaluate the performance of the proposed bidirectional PMA. We also used a free-space method to measure the fabricated sample. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed PMA in multiband systems, we extended our PMA design to a dual-band bidirectional absorber.