bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New EU legislative instruments concerning contracts for the sale of goods and supply of digital content
Authors:   West Ukrainian National University, Savanets Liudmyla M. , Stakhyra Anna M. ,   West Ukrainian National University
Published: December 2021

On the 20th of May 2019, the European legislator adopted new Directives on the sale of goods and supply of digital content, which determine the vector of future contract law development in the European Union. Directive 2019/770 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services, and Directive 2019/771 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods are the first steps in adapting European private law to the requirements of the digital economy. The article discusses the reasons and preconditions for the adoption of new Directives. The authors, making a historical excursion of the harmonization of European contract law, demonstrate the continuity of the new Directives’ norms of European tradition on the basis of Principles of European Contract Law, Acquis Principles, Draft Common Frame of Reference, Common European Sales Law and Directive 1999/44/EC on certain aspects of the sale of consumer goods and associated guarantees. The advantages and disadvantages of the selected full harmonization in new Directives are examined. The legislative freedom granted to European Union Member States on certain issues related to contractual relations for the sale of goods and the supply of digital content are analyzed. The authors pay considerable attention to the disclosure of major legislative novelties related to contractual relations for the sale of goods and the supply of digital content, in particular the conformity of goods (digital content), and requirements for conformity; the seller’s (trader’s) duty to ensure that the consumer is informed of and supplied with updates that are necessary to keep those goods (digital content) in conformity; the burden of proof; data monetization; remedies for lack of conformity of goods (digital content). The problem of the hierarchy of remedies for lack of conformity of goods in a circular economy, such as repair and replacement, is also touched upon. The authors draw attention to the fact that taking into account the peculiarities of the circular economy and in order to determine the disproportion of the chosen method of legal protection, it is necessary to enshrine in legislation on the sale of goods the requirement to take into account its impact on the environment.
The civil law form of musharakah as an instrument for direct participation of the Islamic bank in capital: A retrospective analysis and modernity
Authors:   ALRUD Law Firm, Kuznetsova Anna N. , Tenberga Inese ,   MergulLaw
Published: December 2021

Conventional banks, which operate under the conditions of interest capitalism, no longer dominate the financial sector. In the 21st century, Islamic banks, which provide services on an interest-free basis, have become their main competitors. In recent years, Islamic banking has grown rapidly even though 30–40 years ago it was only a regional phenomenon that could be found in countries with a predominantly Muslim population. The dispersal of capital by scaling a separate interest-free banking segment is now on the agenda of the Islamic world. It is stimulating the growing social demand for a fair distribution of resources within the community, as well as sustaining, at the same time, resilient economic development. However, the activity of Islamic banks remains a poorly studied and understood phenomenon within the circles of Russian legal science. In this article, the authors reveal the legal nature of the participation transaction involving shirkat al’-inan, while attempting to clarify the notion of using musharakah as a form of civil law, derived from shirkat al’-inan, within the Islamic banking system.
Integration of anammox into the MBR process for main stream sewage treatment
Authors: Yu Dayan , Zhang Wenjie
Published: December 2021

The integration of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) into the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process (AX-MBR) is proposed in this study to reduce operating costs. The temperature was not controlled during the study. Anammox, denitrification, and nitrification were studied in the AX-MBR for 210 days. The reactor was fed with mainstream sewage from Guilin City, China. The results showed that AX-MBR could run with reduced dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, and COD, NH4+-N, and total nitrogen removal were maintained or improved. The microbial analysis results demonstrated that the added anammox sludge could survive in the AX-MBR, but the sludge microbial diversity decreased. Nitrospira, Candidatus Kuenenia, and Nitrosomonas dominated the anammox sludge. In a word, the AX-MBR developed in this study could treat mainstream sewage with the appropriate management, and the operation costs are expected to reduce by decreasing the amount of aeration.
Indications of recent warm and dry summers' impact on private wells for drinking-water supply in Germany: a review of press articles
Authors: Rickert B. , Görnt A. , Vogelsang L. , Ruhl A. S.
Published: December 2021

Climatic changes lead to seasonal droughts with declining groundwater levels, and – especially in rural regions – private wells in the upper aquifer might fall dry. However, only limited information and no systematic administrative reporting of the extent are available for Germany yet. Therefore, a systematic analysis of newspaper articles as a promising source of information was conducted for the extraordinarily hot summers of 2018, 2019 and 2020. The results of the database searches were analysed with respect to frequency and local and regional hotspots, relations to climatic data, extent of the reported dry-fallings and emergency water supply. The analysis indicates hotspots particularly for the federal states of Saxony, where a subsidy programme for connecting to the public water supply was reissued in 2019, for Bavaria and North Rhine-Westphalia. Emergency supply was realised through various approaches. It was partly required until the winter months and did not always have drinking-water quality. As private wells are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, their operators should be involved as a stakeholder group in future discussions about allocating water resources to increasingly competing uses in periods of scarcity.
Evaluation of calcium-fortified municipal water as a public health intervention to mitigate lead burdens
Authors: Rajaee Mozhgon , Dubovitskiy Ernest , Brown Victoria C.
Published: December 2021

Lead has adverse effects on health, society, and the economy. Lead exposure results in increased blood lead levels and storage in bones. Calcium and lead are competitively absorbed and as such calcium can be used to mitigate the body lead burden. Twenty-eight quantitative research studies were reviewed that examined lead exposure (in blood, bone, or breastmilk) and calcium intake or serum calcium to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fortifying potable water supplies with calcium to mitigate lead absorption or resorption. Eighteen of the studies reported a significant inverse relationship between biomarker lead levels and calcium intake or serum calcium. The relationship was most evident with high calcium intake, suggesting a dose-dependent relationship. An intervention with calcium-fortified water could offer an accessible source of supplemental calcium to help meet the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and mitigate lead absorption. A concentration of 60 mg-Ca/L can supply 22.0 and 16.3% of a 1,000 mg-Ca RDA for men and women, respectively, at the recommended daily water intake.
A database system for querying of river networks: facilitating monitoring and prediction applications
Authors: Bollen Erik , Pagán Brianna R. , Kuijpers Bart , Van Hoey Stijn , Desmet Nele , Hendrix Rik , Dams Jef , Seuntjens Piet
Published: December 2021

The increasing availability of real-time in situ measurements and remote sensing observations have the potential to contribute to the optimisation of water resources management. Global challenges such as climate change, intensive agriculture and urbanisation put a high pressure on our water resources. Due to recent innovations in measuring both water quantity and quality, river systems can now be monitored in real time at an unprecedented spatial and temporal scale. To interpret the sensor measurements and remote sensing observations additional data, for example on the location of the measurement, and upstream and downstream catchment characteristics, are required. In this paper, we present a data management system to support flow-path-related functionality for decision making and prediction modelling. Adding meta-datasets and facilitating (near) real-time processing of sensor data questions are key concepts for the systems. The potential of the database framework for hydrological applications is demonstrated using different applications for the river system of Flanders. In one, the database framework is used to simulate the daily discharge for each segment within a catchment using a simple data-driven approach. The presented system is useful for numerous applications including pollution tracking, alerting and inter-sensor validation in river systems, or related networks.
Integrating water quality and streamflow into prediction of chemical dosage in a drinking water treatment plant using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Wang Hui , Asefa Tirusew , Thornburgh Jack
Published: December 2021

Understanding the relationship between raw water quality and chemical dosage is especially important for drinking water treatment plants (DWTP) that have multiple water sources where the ratio of different supply sources could change with seasons or in a matter of weeks in response to changing hydrologic conditions. In this study, the potential for deploying machine learning algorithms, including principal component regression (PCR), support vector regression (SVR) and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network, are tested to build predictive models. These tools were used to estimate chemical dosage at a daily time-scale. Influent water quality such as pH, color, turbidity, and alkalinity, as well as chemical dosage including sulfuric acid, ferric sulfate and liquid oxygen were used to build and test these models. An 80/20 percent data split was used for training and testing model performance using correlation coefficients, relative mean square error, relative root mean square error and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency. Results indicate, compared with PCR, both SVR and LSTM were able to capture the nonlinear relationship between chemical dose and source water quality changes and displayed higher predictive skills. These types of models have application in real-time operational support without requiring computationally expensive physics-based models.
Swine wastewater treatment by combined process of iron carbon microelectrolysis-physical adsorption-microalgae cultivation
Authors: Zhang Wenjin , Xia Rongbin , Wang Hao , Pu Shihua , Jiang Dongmei , Hao Xiaoxia , Bai Lin
Published: December 2021

Combined treatments were designed based on iron-carbon micro-electrolysis treatment (ICME), physical adsorption (PA) with zeolite (Z) or vermiculite (V) and microalgae cultivation (MC, Chlorella vulgaris) for removing pollutants from swine wastewater (SW): ICME + MC (IM), ICME + Z + MC (IZM) and ICME + V + MC (IVM). Results showed that the minimum total nitrogen (TN) of 43.66 mg L−1, NH4+-N of 1.33 mg−1 and total phosphorus (TP) of 0.14 mg−1 were obtained by IVM, while the minimum chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 105 mg−1 via IM. During the process of combined treatments, ICME contributed most to the removal of TN (84.52% by IZM), TP (97.78% by IVM and IZM) and COD (62.44% by IVM), and maximum NH4+-N removal (55.64%) was obtained by MC procedure in IM process. Vermiculite performed better than zeolite during all the combined treatments. Besides, the maximum cell dry weight (CDW, 0.74 g−1) of C. vulgaris was obtained by IM on day 13. The results provide an efficient integrated method for swine wastewater treatment.
Water reuse in the post-tanning process: minimizing environmental impact of leather production
Authors: Klein Rodrigo Miguel , Hansen Éverton , de Aquim Patrice Monteiro
Published: December 2021

Post-tanning wastewater is very diversified, as the post-tanning stage should meet the desirable properties of the leather for the final product, with low standardization of the process (compared to beamhouse and tanning). This makes post-tanning effluent reuse less feasible, and reuse in the post-tanning stage still needs to be explored. This work aims to evaluate the reuse of liquid effluents in the post-tanning process. The work methodology consisted of (i) characterization of water streams (groundwater, liquid effluent after primary treatment, and liquid effluent after secondary treatment); (ii) pilot-scale post-tanning tests using groundwater, primary effluent, and secondary effluent; (iii) characterization of the residual baths from pilot-scale tests (pH, conductivity, total solids, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, chloride, hardness and oil and grease); and (iv) testing the leather obtained for total sulfated ash and organoleptic properties. Results showed that the primary effluent and the secondary effluent could be reused in pilot-scale post-tanning tests. There was an increase in the conductivity of the residual baths when liquid effluents were reused, which confirms the accumulation of salts in the effluents after their reuse.
¿Fracasamos? Salud y poder antes y durante la pandemia 2019-20XX
Authors: Martínez Dueñas William Andrés
Published: December 2021

La pandemia ha evidenciado dos grandes aristas de aquello que llamamos salud: por un lado su centralidad en todas las dinámicas humanas, al menos en las sociedades llamadas occidentales; y por otro lado, que implica un conjunto de dimensiones interconectadas que transcienden inclusive las definiciones holísticas; es así como esta crisis global ha revitalizado la discusión sobre cómo entender la salud, donde aparecen enfoques como eco-salud (Vanhove, et al., 2020), one-health (Henley, Igihozo, Wotton, 2021; Amuasi, 2020), sindemia (Horton, 2020) y bienestar bio-psico-social (Krahn et al., 2021), categorías que desde la óptica biomédica (moderna-occidental) evidencian que la salud es un conjunto dinámico y complejo de relaciones, que van desde lo molecular hasta lo biosférico, desde el síndrome metabólico hasta el calentamiento global o desde nuestra mascota hasta las políticas públicas de conservación de la biodiversidad, revelando la necesidad de replantear cómo entendemos e intervenimos la salud desde las políticas públicas. Este panorama es aún más complejo si vemos la salud desde la óptica de los estudios feministas de la ciencia (Mol, 2003), donde la salud y/o la enfermedad son redes socio-materiales históricamente situadas, por lo tanto cada individuo representa una experiencia única de salud o bienestar, de acuerdo con un conjunto muy específico de relaciones que establece tanto con otros humanos como con no-humanos, donde inclusive bajo el régimen biomédico no se puede hablar de una sola experiencia de la enfermedad, la salud y el bienestar.
O saque de Roma pelos visigodos
Authors: Coelho Fabiano de Souza , Formentini Luís Eduardo
Published: December 2021

O saque de Roma pelos visigodos, ocorrido em 410 d. C constitui evento de importância no processo de desagregação do Império do Ocidente. Sua importância reside em grande parte no simbolismo implicado na “queda da senhora das nações”. Tal acontecimento foi apropriado pelos godos, tornando-se parte de sua identidade histórica. No presente trabalho analisaremos as visões sobre a tomada da cidade na obra de dois escritores tardo-antigos relacionados com os godos. O primeiro é Jordanes, godo de origem, escrevendo da Constantinopla do século VI. O segundo é Isidoro, bispo de Sevilha em princípios do século VII, principal nome do episcopado do Reino Visigótico.
AS REGIÕES GOIANAS SOB O ASPECTO DA NOVA DIVISÃO GEOGRÁFICA DO IBGE: O FORMAL E O REAL, O IMEDIATO E O INTERMEDIÁRIO
Authors: Haddad Marcos Bittar
Published: December 2021

A dinâmica econômica presente em Goiás, além de possuir tradições rurais/agrícolas, que impulsionam a prática do agronegócio, também é impulsionada por uma crescente industrialização, motivada, sobretudo, por ser Goiás, um dos estados mais agressivos na atração de investimentos privados, via os incentivos fiscais. O estado passa por uma ocupação produtiva que cria regiões dinâmicas e que, em hipótese, necessariamente não estejam influenciadas ou conectadas diretamente à sua capital, onde se localiza a única Região Metropolitana do estado. Pode-se tratar de uma dinâmica econômica conectada diretamente pelo capital externo, pois esta é a lógica presente no agronegócio. Entender a configuração da divisão regional goiana conforme o novo recorte proposto pelo IBGE, em 2017, que define regiões imediatas e regiões intermediarias, passa por uma investigação, se estas regiões intermediárias, criadas a partir desta nova metodologia, que define uma nova divisão regional, surgem de novas áreas dinâmicas independentes da RMG ou se estas regiões são áreas de extensão da capital. Este trabalho, que pode ser classificado como um ensaio, parte inicialmente, da reprodução da literatura já existente sobre os diversos conceitos e definições para local, regional, espaço, ou seja, das diferentes abordagens que definem a espacialização a fim de justificar que esta nova metodologia, proposta pelo IBGE, pode ser o que melhor explica a região como algo que não deve possuir barreiras, mas pode se expandir para além do que está formalmente delimitado.
HIERARQUIA DE MOEDAS E O PERFIL DOS FLUXOS DE CAPITAIS NO BRASIL (2000-2017)
Authors: Do Nascimento Julio Cesar
Published: December 2021

Com as alterações ocorridas no Sistema Monetário Internacional (SMI) com a quebra do regime de Bretton Woods em 1960/1970, abre uma discussão sobre a relevância do SMI atual para uma abordagem a relação centro-periferia. No atual regime monetária internacional, denominado de Dólar Flexível, se apresenta como uma dimensão especial para analisar a relação centro-periferia a partir da hierarquia de moedas. Essa hierarquia é baseada pela liquidez das moedas em âmbito internacional e se estrutura a partir do dólar no núcleo do sistema, seguida pelo o euro, entre outras moedas centrais e na base desse sistema estão as moedas periféricas. Essa hierarquia apresenta-se como problemática para os países de moedas periféricas, particularmente, quanto as vulnerabilidades, tais como: tendência de instabilidades na taxa de câmbio e taxa de juros e tendência especulativa, dentre outras. Nesse sentido, o trabalho tem como objetivo analisar um desses problemas para o Brasil na posição de moeda periférica, no regime dólar flexível, no período 2000-2017, particularmente, quanto ao perfil dos fluxos de capitais. A metodologia utilizada é bibliográfica, descritiva e explicativa de natureza quali-quantitativa com base de dados do Banco Central do Brasil (BACEN) com variáveis do Balanço de Pagamentos (BP).
Utracone piękno. O zniszczeniach zabytkowej architektury Zakopanego
Authors: Rupiewicz Romana
Published: December 2021

Abstrakt:

Na terenie Zakopanego znajduje się ok. 1361 obiektów zabytkowych, z których 1180 to drewniane wille, reprezentujące styl zakopiański, powstałe w okresie od końca XIX w. do 20-lecia międzywojennego. Tak intensywne nagromadzenie drewnianych brył zakopiańskich willi ukształtowało tożsamość miejsca opartą o ład przestrzenny, stosowną skalę i proporcję. Wille stanowią wartość ze względu na historię i tradycję. Niestety, zabudowa ta jest obecnie wypierana przez inwestycje deweloperskie, które niszczą krajobraz miasta. Takie działania ułatwiają niekorzystne zapisy w miejscowych planach przestrzennych, uchwalone w latach 2009–2012. Często dochodzi do celowych podpaleń zabytków w celu pozyskania nowych gruntów inwestycyjnych. W artykule omówiono zabytkowe wille, które w ostatnich latach zostały zdewastowane lub zburzone, ukazano uwarunkowania formalno-prawne oraz mechanizmy działania. Wskazano rozwiązania, które mogą przyczynić się do lepszej ochrony konserwatorskiej zabytkowych obiektów architektury świeckiej.

Summary:

There are around 1,361 historic buildings in Zakopane, of which 1,180 are timber mountain houses of Zakopane style built from the end of the 19th century to the times of the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939). Such an accumulation of timber buildings in the local style formed an identity to the area based on spatial organization, scale and proportions. The mountain houses are valuable due to their history and tradition. Unfortunately, these structures are now superseded by investments in new developments which destroy the townscape. Such activities are facilitated by unfavorable provisions in local spatial development plans adopted during the years 2009–2012. Quite often historical buildings are deliberately set on fire in order to secure new land for investments. The article describes historic mountain houses which have been devastated or demolished in recent years. It presents the formal and legal conditions that allowed for this and the mechanisms of action. It also presents solutions which can help develop better preservation and protection of historic secular buildings.
Zbrodnia i kara Fiodora Dostojewskiego w teatrze – przemiany gatunku
Authors: Gracla Jadwiga
Published: December 2021

This text presents three performances, which are stage variants of Dostoevsky’s novel. The author shows and emphasizes the differences between the effect of the novel and the spectacle, indicates the consequences of eliminating fragments of the novel from the structure of the spectacle. It also shows the consequences of experts and formal entrants. The author pays particular attention to the problem of translating the text of the novel into the language of theater. He also points to the consequences of omitting the epilogue in some performances, which, in Dostoyevsky’s work, is an inseparable and most meaningful element. The directors omit this fragment in the presented productions, which leads to a change in the genre of the performance and changes the meaning of Dostoyevsky’s work. The musical show presented here should be considered a successful attempt to transfer it to the stage. The author also points to the experiments with the form of a novel in Polish theater, aimed at alternative history.
Formação de professores para Educação Especial
Authors: Laranjeira Mendonça Oliveira Guilherme , Cristina Pereira da Silva Camelo Aline , Ermília Paiva Pereira Alana
Published: December 2021

A Educação Especial (EE) é uma modalidade de ensino que perpassa por todas as etapas do processo de aprendizagem, desde a educação básica até o ensino superior. Assim, discutir sobre a formação dos professores da EE possibilita vislumbrar possibilidades para todas etapas da educação. As formações iniciais e continuadas de professores da EE tem sido pauta de diversas discussões a partir da década de 90, porém, ainda faz-se necessário progredir na investigação desta temática, que possui muitas ramificações, como as mudanças nas formas de convivência com as pessoas com deficiência. Diante disso, esse estudo, de caráter qualitativo descritivo, tem como objetivo analisar e descrever alguns documentos que versam a formação de professores da EE no Brasil e em Portugal, com intuito de refletir sobre as políticas instituídas nas duas nações lusófonas e, verificar as convergências e divergências. Para tanto, utilizou-se a pesquisa documental, como técnica de coleta de dados, sendo que os documentos foram selecionados mediante sua repercussão nacional nos dois países em análise. Os resultados apontaram que as transformações socais, em âmbito da EE, foram longas e árduas, mas possibilitaram meios para incluir esses alunos no ambiente escolar e o direito da oferta de professores qualificados para realizar o acompanhamento desse alunado.
O sofrer da classe trabalhadora e seus processos críticos de adoecimento
Authors: Oliveira da Silva Andreza , King Andrade de Santana Luther
Published: December 2021

O modo de acumulação capitalística se fundamenta na exploração da classe trabalhadora e consequentemente em seu adoecimento psíquico. O artigo presente tem como finalidade levantar reflexões do processo saúde-doença a partir da conceituação normal/patológico, em contraste ao modelo biomédico convencional, demonstrando a totalidade desse processo e focando não na nosologia dos sintomas, mas sim, em suas causas. A pesquisa, tem como diretiva para o aprofundamento desta discussão a alienação do trabalho. Desenvolvendo no caminho desse estudo a importância de se considerar a categoria da alienação da atividade como o ponto de partida e o ponto central no desenvolvimento do psiquismo e de seu adoecimento, de modo a compreendê-lo em seu sentido social e histórico. Para que pudéssemos ter uma maior compreensão sobre a realidade frente as suas particularidades, foi discutido sobre a dialética singular-particular-universal auxiliando na desnaturalização e na desindividualização dos adoecimentos psíquicos demonstrando que o sofrimento e a mortificação se intensifica e modifica a partir das transformações da sociedade. O artigo tem como base teórica a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural e o materialismo histórico dialético com caráter qualitativo em revisão literária, levantando a discussão sobre a saúde mental a partir de uma perspectiva desnaturalizante com o aprofundamento das determinações e dos condicionamentos do adoecimento psíquico da classe trabalhadora.
Análise do Processo de Destituição do Poder Familiar à Luz do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente: os motivos e suas implicações nas famílias.
Authors: Rosa Assis de Oliveira Thiago
Published: December 2021

A proposta deste trabalho surge, a partir, de uma inquietação quanto aos casos de acolhimento institucional e processos de destituição do poder familiar vivenciados diretamente na prática de atuação como um dos agentes do sistema garantidor de direitos (SGD) que é o conselho tutelar. Busca analisar estes processos, compreendendo suas etapas e motivações, bem como, refletir sobre a atuação de profissionais técnicos e do juiz perante as sentenças determinadas que influenciam diretamente na vida das famílias afetadas. Esta pesquisa explora as produções bibliográficas sobre o assunto, apresentando aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos ao analisar dados emitidos pelo Ministério Público do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (MPERJ) e o Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ) sobre os casos de destituição do poder familiar, acolhimento institucional e adoção. Espera-se que ao final deste artigo, seja possível promover ao leitor uma análise crítica e reflexiva quanto ao número de acolhimentos institucional, a destituição do poder familiar, seus motivos e principalmente sobre as práticas engendradas na máquina pública do poder judiciário e assistencial que em alguns casos, criminalizam e culpabilizam as famílias pobres.
DETERMINATION OF SPECIAL PERMIT RATE FOR LARGESCALE SOLAR DEVELOPMENT IN JOHOR BASED ON PLANNER PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Sahid Mohd Shahrizan , Suratman Robiah , Mohd Ali Hishamuddin
Published: December 2021

Over the past decade, the Malaysian government has put its effort into various programmes to promote solar energy in the country. As for now, Large Scale Solar (LSS) is the biggest programme conducted by Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA) and permitted by Energy Commission (EC). As the large-scale solar does not have any proper guideline, especially in development approval consideration, Johor land administrators have put telecommunication tower development as a benchmark in approving large-scale solar developments that use the Special Permit method. However, the Special Permit fee appears unfitting for the development. Thus, this paper aims to determine the Special Permit rate for large-scale solar development which are profitable to the stakeholders. Its drawback is particularly related to solar radiance, which is the key criterion of site selection to develop the most profitablesite. Selected respondents have been interviewed and the findings have led to a direction to standardise a legal framework for large-scale solar, especially in Johor.
THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE WELFARE OF STREET VENDORS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Handoyo Eko , Wijayanti Tutik
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to examine how the welfare of street vendors is influenced byeducation, financial capital, geographical distance, and social networks. A mixedmethod approach that combines both quantitative and qualitative methods wasused. The results showed that the welfare of street vendors is at a low level andis simultaneously influenced by education, financial capital, geographicaldistance, and social networks with a determination value of r-square (r2) of 0.783or 78.3%. However, there is a need for further and in-depth studies on theinfluence of geographical factors and social networks on the welfare of streetvendors, especially on geographical factors with a significant influence onwelfare.
ВМІСТ ВІТАМІНУ D В АМБУЛАТОРНИХ ПАЦІЄНТІВ ЕНДОКРИНОЛОГІЧНОГО ЦЕНТРУ
Authors: Паньків Володимир , Kоваль Сергій , Паньків Іван , Mисниченко Ольга
Published: December 2021

Дефіцит вітаміну D є поширеним явищем серед населення України. Однак результати стосовностану забезпечення вітаміном D в українській популяції обмежені.Мета дослідження — оцінити рівень вітаміну D у осіб, які відвідують поліклінічне відділенняендокринологічного центру.Матеріали і методи. Проведено порехресне дослідження в амбулаторних хворих, які відвідували ендокринологічний центр. Після отримання інформованої згоди отримана інформація про обстежених осіб та проведений забір крові для визначення рівня 25(OH)D за допомогою методу електрохемілюмінесценції на повністю автоматизованій системі cobas elecys E411. Вміст вітаміну D порівнювали в різних групах за допомогою тестів Манна–Уїтні або Крускала–Уолліса, а також проводили багаторазовий лінійний регресійний аналіз для виявлення предикторів, що впливають на рівень вітаміну D.Результати. Під спостереженням перебувало 810 пацієнтів. Встановлено, що частота дефіциту вітаміну D (< 20 нг/мл) спостерігалася у 569 (70,2 % 95 % ДІ: 63,4–73,8), а недостатність (20–29,9 нг/мл) — у 189 (23,3 %) осіб. При однофакторному аналізі рівень вітаміну D був статистично достовірно нижчим у молодшій віковій групі та в осіб з надмірною масою тіла. Після багаторазового лінійного регресійного аналізу місце проживання в радіаційно забрудненій місцевості, наявність цукрового діабету 2 типу були визначені як статистично значущі предиктори розвитку дефіциту вітаміну D.Висновки. Встановлено високу частоту недостатності та дефіциту вітаміну D у пацієнтів, які відвідують ендокринологічний центр. Після багаторазового лінійного регресійного аналізу місце проживання в забрудненій радіацією місцевості, наявність цукрового діабету 2 типу були визначені як статистично значущі предиктори розвитку дефіциту вітаміну D. Тому таким особам рекомендується визначати вміст вітаміну D у сироватці крові.
ВПЛИВ АНТАГОНІСТА NMDA-РЕЦЕПТОРІВ НА ПОКАЗНИКИ ВУГЛЕВОДНОГО ТА ЛІПІДНОГО МЕТАБОЛІЗМУ У СИРІЙСЬКИХ ЗОЛОТАВИХ ХОМ’ЯЧКІВ ЗА ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЇ ІНСУЛІНОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТІ ТА ЦУКРОВОГО ДІАБЕТУ
Authors: Брюханова Тетяна , Литкін Дмитро , Загайко Андрій , Бондарева Алла
Published: December 2021

Актуальність. Цукровий діабет (ЦД) є вагомою причиною зростання показників передчасної смертності, а проблема ефективного лікування цієї патології залишається актуальною. У ряді досліджень було продемонстровано потенціальну роль панкреатичних NMDA-рецепторів у глюкозо-стимульованій секреції інсуліну.
Мета дослідження. Вивчення впливу антагоністу NMDA-рецепторів мемантину на показники вуглеводного та ліпідного обміну за модельованого ЦД та синдрому інсулінорезистентності (ІР) у сирійських золотавих хом’ячків.
Матеріали та методи. Дослідження проведене на сирійських золотавих хом’ячках-самцях, у яких моделювали синдром ІР та цукровий діабет (ЦД). Тваринам вводили метформін, антагоніст NMDA-рецепторів мемантин або їх комбінацію протягом 2 тижнів. У сироватці крові визначали показники вуглеводного та ліпідного видів обміну.
Результати. За умов експериментального відтворення модельних патологій у тварин відмічалося значуща гіперглікемія та гіперінсулінемія, гіпертриацилгліцеролемія, гіперхолестеролемія та проатерогенні зміни вмісту холестеролу у складі ліпопротеїнів порівняно із тваринами групи інтактного контролю.
Введення метформіну корегувало гіперглікемію за ІР та ЦД, проте нормалізація рівня інсуліну мала місце лише за ІР. Мемантин за обох патологій вірогідно зменшував індекс HOMA-IR відносно нелікованих тварин (p˂0,01). Комбіноване застосування препаратів супроводжувалось вірогідною корекцією глікемії та інсулінемії до рівня інтактного контролю і достовірним зменшенням індексу HOMA-IR відносно нелікованої групи (p˂0,01).
Застосування метформіну за ІР призводило до вірогідної корекції гіпертриацилгліцеролемії та холестеролу ЛПНЩ (ЛПНЩ-ХС), в той час як за ЦД відбувалось зниження всіх маркерів ліпідного обміну. Монотерапія мемантином за обох патологій приводила до достовірного зменшення вмісту лише ЛПНЩ-ХС, причому за ЦД мемантин перевищував ефективність метформіну.
При комбінованому застосуванні препаратів за ІР достовірно нормалізувались вміст загального ХС, триацилгліцеролів та ЛПНЩ-ХС відносно нелікованих тварин, а за ЦД зазначені показники достовірно перевищували аналогічні маркери у групі, яку лікували метформіном.
Висновки. Мемантин є перспективними для подальшого дослідження як потенційний антидіабетичний засіб.
THE IMPACT OF METFORMIN AND ROSUVASTATIN ON THE MARKERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS, GLYCEMIC CONTROL, AND LIPID PROFILE IN RATS WITH STREPTOZOTOCIN-NICOTINAMIDE-INDUCED DIABETES AFTER ACUTE INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Zhyliuk Volodymyr , Lievykh Anton , Shevtsova Alla , Mamchur Vitaliy , Tkachenko Viktoriia , Kharchenko Yuliia , Myronenko Anastasiia
Published: December 2021

Hyperproduction of highly active carbonyl compounds and reactive oxygen species initiates the development of oxidative stress in various pathological conditions and protein carbonylation is considered to be one of the key factors in the progression of diabetes mellitus and associated complications. This comparative research aimed to study the effect of metformin and rosuvastatin on the levels of biochemical markers of oxidative stress, glycemic control, and lipid profile in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated by a brain hemorrhage.T2DM was simulated with a single intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin (NA/STZ) to male Wistar rats (n=38). Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was induced by microinjection of 1 μL of bacterial collagenase 0.2 IU/μL into the striatum. Animals were randomized into 5 groups: negative control, intact rats; positive control 1, NA/STZ; positive control 2, NA/STZ+ICH; metformin, 250 mg/kg +NA/STZ+ICH; rosuvastatin, 15 mg/kg+NA/STZ+ICH. Drug effects were assessed by the area under the glycemic curve (AUC), the content of glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), homocysteine (Hcy), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and the markers of oxidative modification of proteins – aldehyde- and ketonephenylhydrazones (APH/KPH) in blood serum.It was found that brain hemorrhage in rats with T2DM can intensify the manifestations of oxidative modification of molecules and worsen glycemic control and lipid profile. Under these conditions, rosuvastatin improved lipid metabolism and reduced the levels of AGEs by 35.1% but did not affect glycemia and content of APH/KPH. Metformin reduced oxidative stress (AGEs by 35.4%, KPH by 21.2%) as well as improved both glycemic status and lipid profile (TG level by 20.2%, TG/HDL ratio by 31.9%). Both drugs did not produce any effect on Hcy level.Thus, metformin in conditions of T2DM complicated by acute ICH has advantages over rosuvastatin in relation to the markers of oxidative modification and glycemic control.
HORMONE-ASSOCIATED METABOLIC DISORDERS OF THE ORAL CAVITY ORGANS IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE
Authors: Khodorovskyi George , Panina Lyubov , Shchurko Tetiana
Published: December 2021

There is emerging evidence of a possible relationship between the oral cavity and reproductive organs. Recent studies suggest these functional relations. The aim of this review was to synthesize the available evidence on this relationship. Clinical observation established that sex hormones enhance gingival inflammation in periodontal healthy women during pregnancy and that periodontal condition is associated with variation of sex hormones in blood. Estrogen regulates DNA synthesis in human gingival epithelial cells and periodontal ligament, estrogen reduces down regulation of cytokines. Estrogen and progesterone affect the periodontium via appropriate receptors (estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor). They are localized in human periodontium, demonstrating that periodontal tissues are the target tissues for these hormones.
Testosterone receptors are found in the periodontal tissues. It inhibits prostaglandin secretion and reduces interleukin production. At the same time testosterone stimulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, also enhances matrix synthesis by fibroblast, osteoblasts, and periodontal ligament. The role of testosterone in the formation of teeth is demonstrated in the paper.
In females and males, in saliva there are sex steroid hormones. The study examined the entry mode of hormones into saliva. The results suggest that lipid soluble unconjugated steroids (estriol, testosterone, progesterone) enter saliva via intracellular route; the conjugated steroids (lipid insoluble (dehydroepiandrosterone, conjugated estrogens)) enter via the ‘tight junctions’ (infiltrations through the tight junctions between the acinar cells).
Recent evidence indicates that organs of the oral cavity (salivary glands, periodontal tissues, oral epithelial cells mucus) produce ghrelin-hormone which affects organs of the reproductive system directly or indirectly via hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In all these organs, there is an appropriate receptor. In conclusion, the organs of oral cavity and organs of reproductive system are functionally linked by sex steroid hormones and ghrelin, besides that periodont can influence ovaries by neuro-reflectory link.
Radiation risk and level 3 probability safety assessment of nuclear facilities
Authors:   Nuclear Safety Institute of RAS, Panteleev V.A. , Segal M.D. ,   Nuclear Safety Institute of RAS, Pimenov A.E. ,   Nuclear Safety Institute of RAS
Published: December 2021

The paper considers the current state in the field of level 3 probabilistic safety assessment (PSA Level 3) of nuclear facilities. The issues on rationing individual and social risks in various indus-tries and practice of legislative control in some countries are examined. Some attention is paid to the identification of acceptable risk level and features of radiation risk perception. The paper ad-dresses possibilities of use of PSA Level 3 methodology for radiation risk assessment. We pro-pose a practical approach to quantify specific features that may affect individual, collective and social radiation-associated cancer risks at the initial stage of severe radiation accidents at nuclear power plants. PSA Level 3 capacities are demonstrated on the example of individual and social radiation risks assessment at the initial stage of a severe accident at a model nuclear power plant. When performing numerical simulations of the consequences of the accident of such type with the program developed at the Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the nuclide composition of the emission is similar to one of the emissions during the Fukushima accident, and the distribution of population density and weather conditions correspond to real values in Fukushima Prefecture. We evaluated the effectiveness of various options for protective countermeasures based on the results of risk assessments. We have shown that the PSA Level 3 methodology allows us to obtain information about the risks associated with accidents at nuclear facilities in the form of standard risk-informative safety management methods. This will strength-en scientific and technical support for the processes of interaction with experts, decision-makers, the media and the public in making a wide range of decisions in the event of a threat, occurrence and elimination of the consequences of an emergency with a radiation factor.
A Qualitative Study Comparing the Experiences of the Meditation-Based Lifestyle Modification Program with Multi-professional Psychiatric Treatment for Female Outpatients with Mild to Moderate Depression
Authors:   Institute of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany, Gross Julian , Matko Karin ,   Institute of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany, Vennemann Jill ,   Institute of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany, Bringmann Holger Carl ,   Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Diakoniekliniken Zschadrass, Colditz, Germany
Published: December 2021

Meditation-Based Lifestyle Modification (MBLM) is a complex eight-week mind-body intervention based on the traditional eight-fold path of classical yoga. MBLM was developed for mental health care, and it combines ethical living, physical yoga, and meditation. In this qualitative study, the subjectively perceived efficacy of MBLM was compared to the perceived efficacy of an individually tailored, multi-professional psychiatric treatment (MPT) in a psychiatric outpatient clinic. Twelve patients were interviewed for this study (six for each condition). All qualitative interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. In total, five main themes with associated subthemes emerged from the data: calmness, increased awareness, interpersonal relationships, depressive symptoms, and difficulties within the therapy. Moreover, our study showed significant differences between the two therapy groups. First, the groups differed regarding the frequency with which various topics were addressed by the patients. Second, the perceived effectiveness of both therapies (MBLM vs. MPT) varied according to descriptions of the perceived changes in each participant. The participants in the MBLM program generally appeared to experience a deeper emotional-experiential integration which contrasted with the more cognitive-behavioral processing of the MPT patients. These findings may guide further research and the implementation of similar complementary therapies in psychiatry.
Prediction of Age-Adjusted Mortality From Stroke in Japanese Prefectures: Ecological Study Using Search Engine Queries
Authors: Taira Kazuya , Fujita Sumio
Published: December 2021

Background

Stroke is a major cause of death and the need for nursing care in Japan, with large regional disparities.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to clarify the association between stroke-related information retrieval behavior and age-adjusted mortality in each prefecture in Japan.

Methods

Age-adjusted mortality from stroke and aging rates were obtained from publicly available Japanese government statistics. A total of 9476 abstracts of Japanese articles related to symptoms and signs of stroke were identified in Ichushi-Web, a Japanese web-based database of biomedical articles, and 100 highly frequent words (hereafter referred to as the Stroke 100) were extracted. Using data from 2014 to 2019, a random forest analysis was carried out using the age-adjusted mortality from stroke in 47 prefectures as the outcome variable and the standardized retrieval numbers of the Stroke 100 words in the log data of Yahoo! JAPAN Search as predictive variables. Regression analysis was performed using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with the number of standardized searches for Stroke 100 words with high importance scores in the random forest model as the predictive variable. In the GLMM, the aging rate and data year were used as control variables, and the random slope of data year and random intercept were calculated by prefecture.

Results

The mean age-adjusted mortality from stroke was 28.07 (SD 4.55) deaths per 100,000 for all prefectures in all data years. The accuracy score of the random forest analysis was 89.94%, the average error was 2.79 degrees, and the mean squared error was 13.57 degrees. The following 9 variables with high importance scores in the random forest analysis were selected as predictive variables for the regression analysis: male, age, hospitalization, enforcement, progress, stroke, abnormal, use, and change. As a result of the regression analysis with GLMM, the standardized partial regression coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals showed that the following internet search terms were significantly associated with age-adjusted mortality from stroke: male (β=−5.83, 95% CI −8.67 to −3.29), age (β=−5.83, 95% CI −8.67 to −3.29), hospitalization (β=−5.83, 95% CI −8.67 to −3.29), and abnormal (β=3.83, 95% CI 1.14 to 6.56).

Conclusions

Stroke-related search behavior was associated with age-adjusted mortality from stroke in each prefecture in Japan. Query terms that were strongly associated with age-adjusted mortality rates of stroke suggested the possibility that individual characteristics, such as sex and age, have an impact on stroke-associated mortality and that it is important to receive medical care early after stroke onset. Further studies on the criteria and timing of alerting are needed by monitoring information-seeking behavior to identify queries that are strongly associated with stroke mortality.