bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RBX2 maintains final retinal cell position in a DAB1-dependent and -independent fashion
Authors: Fairchild Corinne L. , Hino Keiko , Han Jisoo S. , Miltner Adam M. , Allina Gabriel Peinado , Brown Caileigh E. , Burns Marie E. , La Torre Anna , Simo Sergi
Published: January 2018

The laminated structure of the retina is fundamental for the organization of the synaptic circuitry that translates light input into patterns of action potentials. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cell migration and layering of the retina are poorly understood. Here, we show that RBX2, a core component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL5, is essential for retinal layering and function. RBX2 regulates the final cell position of rod bipolar cells, cone photoreceptors, and Muller glia. Our data indicate that sustained Reelin/DAB1 signaling, triggered by depletion of RBX2 or SOCS7 -a CRL5 substrate adaptor known to recruit DAB1- causes rod bipolar cell misposition. Moreover, whereas SOCS7 also controls Muller glia cell lamination, it is not responsible for cone photoreceptor positioning, suggesting that RBX2, most likely through CRL5 activity, controls other signaling pathways required for proper cone localization. Furthermore, RBX2 depletion reduces the number of ribbon synapses and disrupts cone photoreceptor function. Together, these results uncover RBX2 as a crucial molecular regulator of retina morphogenesis and cone photoreceptor function.
Effectiveness and safety of CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of adrenal metastases
Authors: Zhou Kang , Pan Jie , Yang Ning , Shi Hai-Feng , Cao Jian , Li Yu-Mei , Zhang Hong-Zhi , Wang Ke-Fei , Chen Shao-Hui
Published: January 2018

Objective:

The imaging-guided percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation of adrenal metastases is a relatively new treatment procedure, compared to the more widespread application of the technique for the treatment of liver and renal cancers. The present study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the CT-guided percutaneous RF ablation of adrenal metastases in a cohort of patients.

Methods:

33 patients with 38 adrenal metastases who received percutaneous CT-guided RF ablation between 2012 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The average diameter of the treated adrenal metastases was 3.0 ± 1.6 cm. The treatment outcomes, including presence of residual tumours, technical success rate, recurrence rate, and complications, were evaluated. Patients were followed up for every 3 months to monitor the progression of the disease.

Results:

Postoperative CT images showed the lack of tumour enhancement in 30 tumours (30/38 tumours, technical success rate = 78.9%), and residual disease was found in 7 tumours (7/37 tumours, 18.9%). The rate of residual disease was significantly lower in the group with tumour size <3 cm than the group with tumour size ≥3 cm (p = 0.025). The severe complication rate was 4.3%, and the mild complication rate was 48%, with intraoperative hypertensive crisis as the most frequently observed complication (27.3%). The follow-up data showed that 76.3% of patients had recurrence-free survival in 27.4 months.

Conclusion:

The current study demonstrated that radiofrequency ablation is a relatively safe and effective treatment for controlling adrenal metastases, especially for patients with tumour size <3 cm.

Advances in knowledge:

Surgical resection of the adrenal metastases was advocated as one of the treatment options for patients. The present study showed that radiofrequency ablation is a relatively safe and effective treatment for controlling adrenal metastases.
Dissecting the functions of SMG5, SMG7, and PNRC2 in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay of human cells
Authors: Nicholson Pamela , Gkratsou Asimina , Josi Christoph , Colombo Martino , Mühlemann Oliver
Published: January 2018

The term “nonsense-mediated mRNA decay” (NMD) originally described the degradation of mRNAs with premature translation–termination codons (PTCs), but its meaning has recently been extended to be a translation-dependent post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression affecting 3%–10% of all mRNAs. The degradation of NMD target mRNAs involves both exonucleolytic and endonucleolytic pathways in mammalian cells. While the latter is mediated by the endonuclease SMG6, the former pathway has been reported to require a complex of SMG5–SMG7 or SMG5–PNRC2 binding to UPF1. However, the existence, dominance, and mechanistic details of these exonucleolytic pathways are divisive. Therefore, we have investigated the possible exonucleolytic modes of mRNA decay in NMD by examining the roles of UPF1, SMG5, SMG7, and PNRC2 using a combination of functional assays and interaction mapping. Confirming previous work, we detected an interaction between SMG5 and SMG7 and also a functional need for this complex in NMD. In contrast, we found no evidence for the existence of a physical or functional interaction between SMG5 and PNRC2. Instead, we show that UPF1 interacts with PNRC2 and that it triggers 5′–3′ exonucleolytic decay of reporter transcripts in tethering assays. PNRC2 interacts mainly with decapping factors and its knockdown does not affect the RNA levels of NMD reporters. We conclude that PNRC2 is probably an important mRNA decapping factor but that it does not appear to be required for NMD.
Interactions, localization, and phosphorylation of the m6A generating METTL3–METTL14–WTAP complex
Authors: Schöller Eva , Weichmann Franziska , Treiber Thomas , Ringle Sam , Treiber Nora , Flatley Andrew , Feederle Regina , Bruckmann Astrid , Meister Gunter
Published: January 2018

N6-methyladenine (m6A) is found on many eukaryotic RNAs including mRNAs. m6A modification has been implicated in mRNA stability and turnover, localization, or translation efficiency. A heterodimeric enzyme complex composed of METTL3 and METTL14 generates m6A on mRNAs. METTL3/14 is found in the nucleus where it is localized to nuclear speckles and the splicing regulator WTAP is required for this distinct nuclear localization pattern. Although recent crystal structures revealed how the catalytic MT-A70 domains of METTL3 and METTL14 interact with each other, a more global architecture including WTAP and RNA interactions has not been reported so far. Here, we used recombinant proteins and mapped binding surfaces within the METTL3/14-WTAP complex. Furthermore, we identify nuclear localization signals and identify phosphorylation sites on the endogenous proteins. Using an in vitro methylation assay, we confirm that monomeric METTL3 is soluble and inactive while the catalytic center of METTL14 is degenerated and thus also inactive. In addition, we show that the C-terminal RGG repeats of METTL14 are required for METTL3/14 activity by contributing to RNA substrate binding. Our biochemical work identifies characteristic features of METTL3/14-WTAP and reveals novel insight into the overall architecture of this important enzyme complex.
The health effects of dust storms in the Southwest United States
Authors: Reed Larrité , Nugent Kenneth
Published: January 2018

Blowing dust events are a common feature of life in West Texas and the SouthwesternUnited States and are increasing in frequency. The composition of inhaled air varies fromregion to region and may include harmful particles, such as particulate matter, bacteria, fungi,and viruses. There are several types of blowing dust events that can be characterized byphysical observations, including the source of dust, the direction of the wind, the density of theparticulate matter, and several other physical parameters. All blowing dust events have thepotential to cause adverse health effects. Inhalation of dust can cause direct respiratory effectsthat range from transient cough to acute fungal infection to acute respiratory failure. Asiandust storms increase all-cause and respiratory disease emergency room visits and pneumoniaadmissions. There is an association between meningococcal meningitis and Saharan duststorm intrusions into West Africa. Haboob (Arabic for strong wind) dust storms stir up largeamounts of dust from the environment and can blow it into densely populated areas. The“haboob lung syndrome” has been reported in patients from West Texas who presented withdusty sputum, sterile cultures, and multilobar infiltrates. Some of these patients requiredadmission to the hospital for acute respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation. Blowing dustevents are a serious public health issue that can be avoided with prevention. Therefore, it isimportant to forecast blowing dust events and to get this information out to the public on dayswith an increase in particulate density. The population can benefit from these warnings bysimply wearing a respirator mask on these days and by avoiding unnecessary trips outside.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Texas: An update covering years 1993 through 2016
Authors: Nugent Kenneth , Alexander James
Published: January 2018

Background: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome continues to occur sporadically in Texas.Rivers and coworkers published a summary of cases identified between 1993 and 2006. Thisreport updates the information on Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome cases identified between 2007and 2016 to determine whether or not there are differences in clinical presentation or outcomes.Methods: The Texas Department of State Health Services collects information on the Hantaviruspulmonary syndrome using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special PathogensBranch case report form (OMB No.0920-0090). This form collects demographic information, patientexposure information, timeline, clinical information, laboratory tests, and outcomes.Results: This report summarizes information from the Texas Department of State HealthServices on 45 cases with Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome reported between 1993 and2016. Most patients were men and were non-Hispanic white or Hispanics. Laboratory testsrevealed leukocytosis, an increased percentage of neutrophil bands, hemoconcentration,thrombocytopenia, and variable acute kidney injury. The case fatality rate was 31%. Since2007, the case fatality rate has decreased. The cases remain clustered in the Northwest Texas(Public Health Region 1).Summary: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome continues to occur sporadically in Texas. Theclinical presentation has not changed since 1993, but outcomes appear to be improving. Publichealth efforts need to focus on public education to reduce the risk of exposure.
Comparison of dexmedetomidine and propofol in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis: A pilot study
Authors: Sigler Mark , Islam Ebtesam , Nugent Kenneth
Published: January 2018

Objective: To compare the effects of a propofol-based versus dexmedetomidine-basedsedation regimen for mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis.Methods: Single-center, randomized, open-label interventional study of critically ill patientsadmitted to the intensive care unit with sepsis and respiratory failure requiring mechanicalventilation. Patients were sedated with either propofol or dexmedetomidine.Results: Thirty-six patients with sepsis and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilationwere randomly assigned to receive sedation with either dexmedetomidine or propofol. Fentanylwas used for analgesia in both groups. The primary end point was duration of mechanicalventilation, and secondary end points included 28-day mortality, the duration of ICU stay, and theduration of vasopressor support. There was a non-statistically significant trend toward decreasedduration of mechanical ventilation in the dexmedetomidine group (p = 0.107), and multivariableanalysis demonstrated a small to moderate effect size in the sample. There were no significantdifferences in 28-day mortality, duration of ICU stay, or duration of vasopressor requirement. Nopatients required discontinuation of study drug due to adverse effects.Conclusions: Although underpowered for statistical significance, there was a trend towarddecreased duration of mechanical ventilation with dexmedetomidine. More studies with higherpatient enrollment are needed to determine whether the duration of mechanical ventilation inpatients with sepsis who receive sedation with dexmedetomidine is reduced when comparedto propofol.
Vancomycin and linear IgA bullous dermatosis
Authors: Ismail Amr , Quezada Rocio Gavidia , Iwuji Kenneth , Shredi Abdussalam , Tarbox Michelle
Published: January 2018

Vancomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is considered an optimal parenteraltreatment for many infections, including septicemia, pneumonia, cellulitis, endocarditis, andmeningitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It is the first-line treatmentfor the increasing health care-associated infection Clostridium difficile pseudomembranouscolitis. More side effects are being reported secondary to increased vancomycin use. Of thoseside effects, skin reactions are becoming more recognized by physicians.
Treatment of the overriding fifth toe: Butler's arthroplasty is a good option
Authors: Simões R. , Alves C. , Tavares L. , Balacó I. , Cardoso P. Sá , Ling T. Pu , Matos G.
Published: January 2018

Purpose

The overriding fifth toe is a congenital triplane deformity that may cause aesthetic and functional concerns in children and adolescents. This study aims to evaluate the results obtained when using Butler's arthroplasty to treat this forefoot deformity.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study, including all patients undergoing Butler's arthroplasty from January 1995 to December 2012. Clinical records were reviewed to determine age at date of surgery, gender, laterality, preoperative symptoms, success of deformity correction, postoperative pain, scarring, need for adapted shoe, rates of complications and recurrence. Patient satisfaction was evaluated through a telephone interview. All p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 21 patients were included in this study, the majority of which were male (57%), with a mean follow-up of 12 months (1 to 52). In the evaluation of the residual deformity (18 patients), 72% had excellent results, 17% good and 11% poor results. One patient had a keloid scar, three patients reported pain and three patients required adapted footwear. There was a partial recurrence of the deformity in three cases. The majority of patients (78%) were satisfied with the surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of results, when comparing patients older and younger than seven years of age (p = 0.46).

Conclusions

Butler's operation is effective and safe in the treatment of the overriding fifth toe, yielding good functional results and patient satisfaction, with low rate of complications.

Level of Evidence

IV
Relationship between thoracic kyphosis and neural axis abnormalities in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Swarup I. , Derman P. , Sheha E. , Nguyen J. , Blanco J. , Widmann R.
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Previous studies have suggested an association between increased thoracic kyphosis and neural axis abnormalities in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, the basis for this finding is unclear, and this association has been mainly noted in retrospective studies on a non-consecutive series of patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between thoracic kyphosis and neural axis abnormalities in patients with AIS.

Methods

We studied a consecutive series of AIS patients treated with spinal fusion. Thoracic kyphosis (T2 to T12) was measured from preoperative lateral radiographs. All patients underwent a spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to surgery, and MRI reports were reviewed to determine the presence of neural axis abnormalities. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and chi-squared analysis.

Results

This study included 210 patients with AIS. There were no significant differences in age or gender between patients with thoracic hypokyphosis (kyphosis < 20°), normal thoracic kyphosis (kyphosis 20° to 40°) and thoracic hyperkyphosis (kyphosis > 40°) (p > 0.05). Neural axis abnormalities were present in 17.9% of patients with thoracic hypokyphosis, 9.8% of patients with normal thoracic kyphosis and 13.6% of patients with thoracic hyperkyphosis (p = 0.60). There were no significant differences in rates of Chiari malformation, syrinx, intra-spinal masses and other central nervous system abnormalities between groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Thoracic kyphosis was not associated with neural axis abnormalities in our consecutive series of patients with AIS. Increased thoracic kyphosis may not be a reliable indicator for the presence of neural axis abnormalities in patients with AIS.

Level of Evidence

IV
Emphysematous gastritis developing after isolated cardioembolic event
Authors: Muna Aguon Paul , Aasen Tyler , Shinar Brenda
Published: January 2018

Emphysematous gastritis is a very rare disease associated with a high mortality rate, making prompt recognition and early treatment of the underlying cause essential. We present a case of emphysematous gastritis developing after a cardio embolic-related acute ischemic injury to the gastric mucosa.
THE ISLAMIC EDUCATIONAL VALUES IN THE PUPPETRY (Study on the story of Cungkring Takon Suwarga by Dalang Amudy Nata Prawa Cirebon West Jawa)
Authors: SA Nurul Huda , Faridah Lili
Published: January 2018

This research aims to find out: the message, the value of any Islamic education embodied in the story of Cungkring asks Suwarga and the story’s position in relation to the context of people's lives today. Research has found that there are three aspects of the message and Islamic educationa values in the story of Cungkring asks Suwarga created by puppeteer Amudy Nata Prawa. Islamic educational values that include first, the value of worship (worship to Allah), includes transcendenta worship (Ibadah Mahdhoh), the confession (Syahadat) and pray (Shalat). Secondly, social worship. Third, the universal value of education. The Position of the story of cungkring takon Suwarga and its relationship with public life today is able to become an awareness for the media and a reminder of human life after death (tadzkiratul maut) in terms of awareness about life in the hereafter.  Message and Islamic educational value contained in the play Cungkring asks Suwarga can be used as a reference for parents and educators to teach Islamic education values to children. Such as education about tolerance, cooperation, honesty, modesty, loyalty, love, responsibility and so on.
The Reinforcement of Pesantren as Harmonization Agent of Religious Life in Pesantren “AL-FATAH” Singkawang, West Kalimantan
Authors: Muhtifah Lailial
Published: January 2018

This article is to explore the reinforcement of Pesantren as harmonization agent of religious life, the foundation, strategies, procedures, and the assessment process of harmonization in pesantren "AL-FATAH" Singkawang West Kalimantan. The result of the study discovered that harmonization of religious life was based on the philosophical foundation of Islamic values (Islamic brotherhood/ukhuwwah Islamiyah, crossed-marriage, and collective system/jama’ah), foundation of national perspectives (Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, NKRI, and Bhineka Tunggal Ika) and theoretical foundation (Islamic education, social culture, character education and the theory of conflict). Strengthening the strategy of harmonization through the achievement of the objectives, planning, the realization of activity in the form of concrete action, the existence of material, media, sequences and well-managed steps. Procedures of harmonization was applied through approach of method and technique, as reinforcement of pesantren as the harmonization agent of religions life. The assessment process of harmonization has not been carried out properly. The foundations, strategies, procedures and process of assessment have an impact on the emergence of P3AHKB culture and its implementation model. P3AHKB culture is the growth and the development of religious/spiritual values, honesty, responsibility, ukhuwwah Islamiyah, cooperation, empathy, social solidarity, respect, love, protect each other, get used to the language of the sunnah, keeping ethics, the formation of security culture, and rising prosperity with its business units and BMT. The implementation model is named "MI-P3AHKB tree."
A Discourse of Transformative Islam within Curriculum Transformation at State Institute for Islamic Studies of Purwokerto (IAIN Purwokerto)
Authors: Sabarudin Sabarudin
Published: January 2018

Abstract

This research is aimed to trace the thoughts and actions as efforts to achieve vision and mission of state institute for Islamic studies of Purwokerto (IAIN). The study is directed to answer following questions. Firstly, why transformative Islam becomes a discourse on curriculum development. Secondly, how a discourse of transformative Islam implicates in curriculum development at state institute for Islamic studies of Purwokerto (IAIN). Then, the findings show that a discourse of Islam tranformative in curriculum development at state institute for Islamic studies of Purwokerto (IAIN) emerges as a result of an incapability of traditional and modern Islam perspective to resolve people’s problem due to lack of critical understanding of the meaning and message of the Qur’an and Hadith. Then, implication of Islamic transformative discourse in curriculum development at state institute for Islamic studies of Purwokerto can be seen in its intra curricular activities, co-curricular, and extra curricular activities. Through intra-curricular activities, transformative Islam is embodied in Islamic building lectures. In co-curricular program, Islam is indigenized through activity of knowledge and practice of worship (nationally abbreviated PPI), while within extra-curricular activities transformative Islamic values come into student activities which are strongly supported by policies of university leaders.

Keywords: Transformative Islam, Islamic Building, Knowledge and Practice of Worship

 Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menelusuri pemikiran dan aksi dari upaya pencapaian visi dan misi IAIN Purwokerto. Petanyaan penelitiannya adalah pertama mengapa Islam transformatif menjadi wacana dalam pengembangan kurikulum. Kedua, bagaimana implikasi wacana Islam transformatif dalam pengembangan kurikulum di IAIN Purwokerto. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa pertama, wacana Islam transformatif dalam pengembangan kurikulum IAIN Purwokerto muncul akibat ketidakmampuan pandangan tradisionalis dan modernis Islam dalam menyelesaikan persoalan umat akibat dari kurang kritisnya dalam menangkap makna dan pesan al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits. Kedua, Implikasi wacana Islam transformatif dalam pengembangan kurikulum di IAIN Purwokerto dapat dicermati pada kegiatan intra kurikuler, ko-kurikuler, dan ekstra kurikuler. Dalam bentuk intra kurikuler, Islam tranformatif mewujud dalam perkuliahan Islamic Building. Dalam kegiatan ko-kurikuler, Islam transformatif melalui bentuk pribumisasi Islam melalui kegiatan, Pengetahuan dan Pengamalan Ibadah (PPI). Sedangkan dalam kegiatan ekstra kurikuler, nilai-nilai Islam transformatif memperoleh lahan dalam kegiatan kemahasiswaan, yang mendapat dukungan kuat melalui kebijakan pimpinan.

Kata Kunci: Islam Transformatif, Islamic Building, Pengetahuan dan Pengamalan Ibadah
Authority of Spiritual Leadership at Pesantren Temboro Based on Jamaah Tabligh Ideology
Authors: Arifin Zainal
Published: January 2018

Kiai adalah tokoh karismatik yang memiliki pengaruh bagi eksistensi pesantren. Kepemimpinan spiritual merupakan tipologi kepemimpinan kiai yang berlandaskan pada nilai-nilai spiritualis Islam. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji sumber otoritas kepemimpinan spiritual kiai perspektif teori otoritas Weber. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah fenomenologi agama dengan mengamati secara fenomenologis kepemimpinan spiritual kiai di Pondok Pesantren al-Fatah Temboro, yang menjadi pusat pengembangan ideologi Jamaah Tabligh terbesar se-Asia Tenggara. Data penelitian diperoleh dari wawancara mendalam, partisipasi aktif, dokumentasi, dan angket. Penelitian ini menemukan tiga otoritas kepemimpinan spiritual kiai di Pondok Pesantren al-Fatah Temboro, yaitu tradisional, karismatik, dan rasional. Pertama, otoritas tradisional bersumber pada tiga tradisi, yaitu: (1) pendidikan pesantren, (2) Jamaah Tabligh, dan (3) tarekat Naqsyabandiyah-Khalidiyah. Kedua, otoritas karismatik bersumber pada kualitas spiritual kiai dan diperkuat dengan karomah. Ketiga, otoritas rasional bersumber pada usaha rasional kiai dalam membuka madrasah-madrasah formal sebagai bentuk modernisasi lembaga pendidikan Islam
Transcriptional analysis of immune-relevant genes in the mucus of Labeo rohita, experimentally infected with Argulus siamensis
Authors: Parida Sonali , Mohapatra Amruta , Kar Banya , Mohanty Jyotirmaya , Sahoo Pramoda Kumar
Published: January 2018

The knowledge of mucosa-associated molecular events that occur during infections is scarce despite the well-established importance of mucus in fish immunity. Using qRT-PCR, we analyzed the immune gene expression patterns in mucus ofLabeo rohitaexperimentally infected with an ectoparasiteArgulus siamensis. Mucus samples were collected at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d, 15 d, and 30 d post challenge ofL.rohitawith metanauplii ofA.siamensis. All interleukins studied herein (IL 6, IL 15, and IL 1β) showed significant upregulation of expression levels in mucus ofA.siamensis-infected fish compared to control samples. Further, the expression levels of molecules involved in pathogen recognition, toll like receptor 22, and pathogen presentation, β2 microglobulin, were found to be significantly upregulated in experimental samples until 7 d post challenge compared to control samples. The upregulated expression of lysozyme G at all time points post infection indicated the early activation of acute phase responses in mucus of infectedL.rohita. Moreover, the expression levels of natural killer cell enhancing factor B were found to be higher in infected fish than they were in the control fish. The early upregulation of the immune genes observed herein reinforces the role of mucus as the first line of defense against pathogenic assault; furthermore, it expands our understanding of mucosal-immune responses toA.siamensisinfection, which can aid development of immunological interventions.
Nematode Thelazia callipaeda is spreading across Europe. The first survey of red foxes from Slovakia
Authors: Čabanová Viktória , Miterpáková Martina , Oravec Martin , Hurníková Zuzana , Jerg Slavomír , Nemčíková Gabriela , Červenská Michaela Brincko
Published: January 2018

Canine thalaziosis caused by the spirurid nematode Thelazia callipaeda has started to spread across Western and Central Europe during the last decade. In Slovakia, the first autochthonous cases of this infection were recorded in 2016 in four dogs from the south-eastern part of the country. In August 2017 other autochthonous case, again from the same locality, was reported. Seeing that red foxes are considered the main reservoir hosts for T. callipaeda, their examination could provide an integrated view of the real parasite distribution. Within the present study, 523 red foxes were examined by necropsy, and T. callipaeda nematodes were recovered from the conjunctival sacs of 7 animals, which represents an overall positivity of 1.3%. Six infected foxes originated in eastern Slovakia, which is consistent with the area where positive dogs were recently found. Also, single positive red fox was found in north-western Slovakia. Regarding morphology and morphometry, the specimens recovered from the foxes in this study were evaluated as larger in size when compared to nematodes isolated from Slovak dogs as well as dogs and foxes from other studies. BLAST analyses of the cox1 gene showed that all specimens isolated from Slovak red foxes were identified as haplotype 1 which circulated also in other European countries. Considering that majority of the infected animals, dogs and foxes, came from Košice region, we can presume that this area might become endemic in a short period of time.
A frequent roundworm Baylisascaris transfuga in overpopulated brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Slovakia: a problem worthy of attention
Authors: Štrkolcová Gabriela , Goldová Mária , Šnábel Viliam , Špakulová Marta , Orosová Tatiana , Halán Miloš , Mojžišová Jana
Published: January 2018

The genus Baylisascaris (order Ascaridida) includes numerous relatively host-specific nematodes, which are common in intestines of wild mammals. Some of them may have impact on veterinary and public health, as their larvae have the potential to cause visceral, ocular, and/or neural larva migrans in a wide range of mammals, birds, and humans. Baylisascaris transfuga is a parasite occurring in a range of bear species throughout the world. We present the current data on B. transfuga occurrence in brown bears from a relatively restricted territory of the Poľana Protected Landscape Area in Central Slovakia, obtained by traditional methods (faecal examination, morphology). Species affiliation was confirmed by employing molecular markers generating nuclear 28S and mitochondrial cox1 sequences in adult worms. Based on 17 examined samples (15 excrements and two intestines of young bear females), the occurrence of B. transfuga in the surveyed area was assessed as 52.9%. Both bear females were infected with adult and juvenile worms. Due to the high density of bears in the locality, the high infection rate with ascarids, and the huge number of eggs produced by the parasites, it is apparent that the respective environment, including the inhabited areas, might be markedly contaminated by Baylisascaris eggs. The ability of B. transfuga to serve as a zoonotic agent has not been unambiguously proved; however, this attribute should be considered and subjected to further research.
The first case of Leporacarus gibbus infestation in a rabbit from Poland
Authors: Zygner Wojciech , Gójska-Zygner Olga
Published: January 2018

This case report presents asymptomatic infestation with Leporacarus gibbus (formerly Listrophorus gibbus) in a pet rabbit. This is the first report of L. gibbus infestation in a pet rabbit from Poland. Previously, infestation in Poland had been detected only in hares.
Nietzsche’s Therapy of Therapy
Authors: Faustino Marta
Published: January 2018

This paper examines Nietzsche’s relation to the therapeutic philosophical tradition paradigmatically represented by the Hellenistic schools. On the one hand, given his project of rehabilitating Western culture and his understanding of the philosopher as a “physician of culture”, Nietzsche seems also to hold a therapeutic understanding of philosophy; on the other hand, he is extremely critical of any (philosophical, moral or religious) attempt to heal mankind. This paper does not aim to solve this tension but rather characterizes Nietzsche’s endeavor in this respect as a therapy of therapy. Through analysis of a) the basic features of the Hellenistic conception of philosophy, b) Nietzsche’s development of the analogy of the “philosophical physician”, c) his diagnosis of culture, and d) his criticism of previous therapists, I show that Nietzsche can be formally included in this tradition of thought, even if this inclusion has implications for the tradition itself. As I suggest, given the self-referentiality of Nietzsche’s therapy, his inclusion in this tradition might in fact simultaneously entail its own self-suppression.
Zu den Zustandssystemen Bi2Ch3/BiX3 und den ternären Phasen auf diesen Schnitten (Ch= S, Se,Te;X= Cl, Br, I). II: Bismutselenidhalogenide Bi2Se3/BiX3 und Bismuttelluridhalogenide Bi2Te3/BiX3 / On the Pseudobinary Systems Bi2Ch3/BiX3 and the Ternary Phases in these Systems (Ch = S, Se, Te; X = Cl, Br, I). II: Bismutselenidhalides Bi2Se3/BiX3 and Bismuttelluridhalides Bi2Te3/BiX3
Authors: Oppermann Heinrich , Petasch Uwe , Schmidt Peer , Keller Egbert , Krämer Volker
Published: January 2018

In summary, the thermal behaviour of the ternary phases in the pseudo-binary systems Bi2Ch3/BiX3 are described. The thermodynamic data of these phases have been analysed and the appropriate values are given here. The phase diagrams and barograms have been calculated with these data and they are compared with the diagrams that have been obtained experimentally. The crystal structures of the various phases are briefly described.
Synthesis of Some New Electron π-Donors Containing Methoxy Groups
Authors: Mousdis G. A. , Papavassiliou G. C. , Psaroudakis N. , Anyfantis G. C.
Published: January 2018

The synthesis of some new electron π-donors carrying four or two methoxy groups is described. The precursor 5,6-dimethoxy-5,6-dihydro[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b] [1,4]dithiin- 2-thione was synthesized and by coupling reactions the symmetrical 5,6,5’,6’-tetramethoxy-5,6,5’,6’-tetrahydro- [2,2’]bi[[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b][1,4]dithiinylidene] and unsymmetrical 5,6-dimethoxy-5,6,5’,6’-tetrahydro-[2,2’]bi[[1,3]- dithiolo[4,5-[1,4]dithiinylidene], 2-(5,6-dimethoxy-5,6-dihydro-[ 1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b][1,4]dithiin-2-ylidene)-5,6-dihydro-[ 1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b][1,4]-dioxine and (5,6-dimethoxy- 5,6-dihydro-[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b][1,4]dithiin-2-ylidene)-6,7- dihydro-5H-[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b][1,4]dithiepine donors were prepared. They have been characterized spectroscopically and their redox potentials determined using cyclic voltammetry.
Peroxides and Chromium Compounds – The Ether Test for Identity
Authors: Buchera Götz , Kampe Michaela , Roelcke Julius F.
Published: January 2018

Chromium compounds and hydrogen peroxide are usually identified by their reaction to form blue chromium oxide peroxide hydrate, which is extracted with diethyl ether as a co-ligand. Findings suggest that diethyl ether can be replaced without loss in analytical performance using solvents from the alcohol, arene, ester, ether, halogenated hydrocarbon, and ketone series. DFT calculations have been performed for several solvates. Results indicate that some of the solvates studied may exist as two rotamers.
Photoswitching of Redox Potentials and Spectroscopic Properties in the UV/vis Region
Authors: Drebov Nedko , Tyutyulkov Nikolai , Karabunarliev Stojan , Dietz Fritz
Published: January 2018

The photoswitching of optical and electrochemical properties of di-donor, di-acceptor and donor-acceptor substituted photochromic tetrahydropyrene - [2,2]metacyclophanene and dihydropyrene - [2,2]metacyclophanediene systems has been studied theoretically. A switching of the halfwave oxidation and reduction potentials should be possible in the case of bis(pyridinium) and bis(hydroxyphenyl) substituted systems. Because of the relatively great perturbation of the planarity of the π-electron systems by large torsion of the substituents out of the π-electron structure of the photochromic system and the stair-like structure of the ring-opened isomer, relatively large excitation energies for CT transitions have been calculated with the AM1-CI procedure. The ring-closed structures should absorb in the visible spectral region, and the open-ring isomers should have a longest-wavelength absorption in the UV region.
K5[FeO4] und K17[Fe5O16]: Zwei neue Kalium-Oxoferrate(III) / K5[FeO4] and K17[Fe5O16]: Two New Potassium Oxoferrates(III)
Authors: Frisch Gero , Röhr Caroline
Published: January 2018

The title compounds were synthesized from potassium rich mixtures of Fe2O3, elemental potassium and the hyperoxide KO2 by applying short reaction times, a maximum temperature of 875 K and subsequent quenching of the samples. The structures of the two new oxoferrates(III) have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The orthoferrate(III) K5[FeO4] (Na5[GaO4] structure type, space group Pbca, a = 1124,0(2), b = 667,95(9), c = 2034,8(3) pm, Z = 4, R1 = 0,0585) exhibits isolated ortho-anions [FeO4]5− with nearly ideal tetrahedral geometry and Fe-O distance in the narrow range of 189 to 192 pm. The pentaferrate K17[Fe5O16] (space group Cm, a = 671,71(5), b=3560,8(3), c=670,81(5) pm, β =119,687(5)°, Z =2, R1=0,0291) crystallizes with a new structure type. Its building units are isolated novel penta-nuclear anions composed of five corner sharing [FeO4] tetrahedra. These linear chain pieces [Fe5O16] are arranged in a hexagonal rod packing, with a stacking sequence according to |:AB:| along the large monoclinic b axis. The structure is thus related to that of the tetra-ferrate K14[Fe4O13] with a comparable packing of tetra-nuclear ferrate(III) anions.
First Refinement of the Sinoite Structure of a Natural Crystal from the Neuschwanstein (EL6) Meteorite
Authors: Bischoff Addi , Grund Thorsten , Jording Thomas , Heying Birgit , Hoffmann Rolf-Dieter , Rodewald Ute C. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: January 2018

A well-shaped sinoite crystal was milled out of a polished thin section of the Neuschwanstein (EL6) chondrite. The structure was refined on the basis of X-ray single crystal data:Cmc21, a=885.66(18), b = 549.61(11), c = 484.23(10) pm, R1 = 0.0282, 491 F2 values, 26 variable parameters. The structure consists of a complex three-dimensional network of corner-sharing SiN3O tetrahedra (Si-O 161.9, Si-N 171.9-172.8 pm). The crystal chemical peculiarities of Si2N2O are briefly discussed.
Chemischer Transport fester Lösungen, 25 [1]. Untersuchungen zur Mischphasenbildung und zum chemischen Transport in den Systemen TiS2/MoS2, TiSe2/MoSe2, TaS2/MoS2 und TaSe2/MoSe2 / Chemical Vapour Transport of Solid Solutions, 25 [1]. Formation of Mixed Phases and Chemical Vapour Transport in the Systems TiS2/MoS2, TiSe2/MoSe2, TaS2/MoS2 and TaSe2/MoSe2
Authors: Hotje U. , innewies
Published: January 2018

X-ray investigations have shown a complete miscibility in the systems TaS2/MoS2 and TaSe2/ MoSe2. In these systems mixed crystals could be obtained by chemical vapour transport with iodine as transport agent in the temperature gradient 1000→800 °C. By contrast, no mixed crystals are formed in the systems TiS2/MoS2 and TiSe2/MoSe2. The transport behaviour in these systems is reported.
ТЕЛЕДЕБАТЫ КАК СРЕДСТВО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ НА АУДИТОРИЮ
Authors: Тымбай Алексей
Published: January 2018

Современная политическая наука рассматривает теледебаты как мощнейший инстру­мент воздействия на избирателя. Практика показывает, что с каждым годом жанр те­ледебатов эволюционирует и наполняется новыми манипулятивными технологиями. Автор статьи полагает, что как специалисту, так и обычному избирателю необходимо научиться декодировать стратегии и тактики, используемые политиками в данном виде речевого взаимодействия с избирателями и уметь противостоять не всегда честным изби­рательным технологиям. Для исследования были выбраны последние президентские дебаты в США, прошедшие в 2016 г. между Д. Трампом и Х. Клинтон. На основе проведенного лин­гвистического анализа аудио и видеоматериала автор выделяет ряд языковых средств до­стижения зрелищности, соревновательности и персонификации политического процесса, являющихся основными характеристиками данного вида политического дискурса. В ста­тье рассматриваются отличия между обычными репликами, комментариями участников, репликами «в зал», простыми наложениями реплик и умышленными прерываниями собесед­ника. Автор подчеркивает как характеристики собственного коммуникативного стиля Клинтон и Трампа, так и универсальные тактики захвата инициативы, удержания роли, «игнорирования» собеседника, выделяет другие способы воздействия как на оппонента, так и на зрителя. Подчеркивается, что записи теледебатов могут послужить прекрасным ра­бочим материалом для студентов международников и политологов, изучающих англий­ский язык для специальных целей.
Формирование и развитие защитного пояса кейнсианской научно-исследовательской программы
Authors: Chernovol S. N.
Published: January 2018

Цель: анализ и интерпретация эволюции кейнсианства как развития научно-исследовательской  программы И. Лакатоса. Обсуждение: в предположении, что кейнсианство может рассматриваться как альтернатива принятой в России монетаристской модели развития, автор предлагает проследить эволюцию кейнсианства, очистив действительно кейнсианские теории составляющие научно-исследовательскую программу, от теорий, извращающих основу кейнсианства. С точки зрения методологии И. Лакатоса это позволяет выявить прогрессивную или регрессивную составляющую кейнсианской научно-исследовательской программы. Результаты: автор показал, что с момента возникновения и по сегодняшний день кейнсианская научно-исследовательская программа проявляла признаки прогрессивности. Кейнсианство, в отличие от неоклассической доктрины, не усматривает «необъяснимой катастрофы» в происходящих в мире процессах названных как «новая нормальность». Кейнсианская НИП в условиях «новой нормальности» получила прогрессивную составляющую и решающую роль в этом сыграли теории защитного пояса. Модели макроэкономической политики, разработанные на основе кейнсианской концепции (с учетом особенностей экономики отдельных стран) могут быть реалистичными, а их реализация эффективной.
The relevance of hydrological research in small catchments – A perspective from long-term monitoring sites in Europe
Authors: Latron J. , Lana-Renault N.
Published: January 2018

The usefulness of small (< 10 km2) catchments has been repeatedly recognized during the recent history of hydrological research. This foreword to the special issue of Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica – Geographical Research Letters devoted to long term hydrological research in small catchment in Europe highlights the main reasons for promoting the small catchment approach and revises its growing use, starting with the first catchment studies in Switzerland for management purposes, and followed by the development of more interdisciplinary research programs that used small catchments as field laboratories, long-term observatories, sites for method and model validation, and places for training young researchers. The volume includes nine contributions concerning studies carried out in long term monitoring sites in several European countries and aims at showing the relevance of the small catchment approach in hydrological research in Europe.
The inclusion of Human Rights in humanitarian assistance. The difficult but necessary way between theory and practice
Authors: Nascimento Daniela Santos
Published: January 2018

With the end of the Cold War, one of the most important developments has clearly been the recognition of the universal value of human rights and of the need to effectively respect and promote them at all levels of international relations. Among the priority areas, humanitarian action in conflict situations was then to be considered particularly important, with a clear objective of contributing for peace. However, observing the scenario of humanitarian assistance especially in the second half of the 90s, these aspirations seem to have been contradicted by some concerning and challenging realities, such as the trends suggesting a proliferation of man-made disasters in many parts of the world and consequently an also continuing need for humanitarian assistance in the future and the fact that the main obstacles in providing it tend to arise from an increasing and general disregard for the applicable international humanitarian and human rights law. Showing concern for these facts, this thesis analyses the negative consequences of the attempts to bring human rights concerns to the centre of humanitarian assistance through the practice of conditionality and defends the need for the inclusion of a more transversal human rights dimension in humanitarian assistance and in particular, of specific human rights oriented projects. Recognising the intrinsic link between both dimensions and their increasing importance, and touching the difficulties implied by such approach, it is suggested that this would be a more appropriate way to effectively promote human rights within humanitarian work, simultaneously contributing for enhanced and less controversial humanitarian assistance.Published online: 11 December 2017
The Eradication of the Poverty: The MDGs from a gender perspective
Authors: López-Dafonte Suanzes Pilar
Published: January 2018

Los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio ofrecen una visión compartida de un mundo bastante mejorado para el año 2015, donde la pobreza extrema se reduzca a la mitad, la mortalidad infantil disminuya en gran medida, se eliminen las disparidades de género en la educación primaria y secundaria, se les otorguen más poderes a las mujeres y los indicadores de salud y medio ambiente mejoren dentro de una asociación global para el desarrollo. Estos objetivos son ambiciosos y su consecución requerirá un esfuerzo global. Utilizar el marco normativo para los derechos humanos codificado en la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos del año 1948, es una estrategia sólida para la política nacional e internacional en la reducción de la pobreza. Este informe establece que los Derechos Humanos y los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio tienen mucho en común. Comparten principios rectores tales como la participación, el otorgamiento de poderes y la propiedad nacional. Sirven como herramientas para informar sobre procesos que pueden imputar la responsabilidad a los gobiernos y esencialmente, comparten el objetivo fi nal de promover el bienestar humano y honrar la dignidad inherente de todas las personas. Por lo tanto, Unir los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio con los Derechos Humanos es una buena posibilidad con el fin de obtener un marco normativo sólido. Desde una perspectiva del género, el informe une el Objetivo 3 igualdad de género y otorgamiento de poderes de las mujeres, con dos organismos del tratado, la Alianza Internacional sobre Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales así como la Convención acerca de la Eliminación de todas las formas de Discriminación contra la Mujeres al objeto de dotar de un marco sólido para conseguir dicho Objetivo. La igualdad de género es importante no sólo como un objetivo en sí mismo, sino también como un camino hacia la consecución de los otros objetivos.Publicación en línea: 11 diciembre 2017
Sport for humanitarian action. A Do No Harm approach
Authors: León Barrena José Antonio
Published: January 2018

Deporte para la acción humanitaria (DAH) se refiere a las actividades de inversión e intervención que utilizan el deporte como instrumento para lograr propósitos de acción humanitaria, como aliviar el sufrimiento, la construcción de la paz, mantener la dignidad humana y proteger los derechos fundamentales de las víctimas. Asimismo, el deporte puede constituir un método psicosocial competente y un vehículo importante de concienciación y la recaudación de fondos.Para conseguir esto, se le exigen determinadas condiciones al deporte para la acción humanitaria: debe respetar los principios humanitarios (el Código de Conducta relativo al Socorro del Movimiento Internacional de la Cruz Roja y la Media Luna Roja); concentrarse en metas no relacionadas con el deporte (además del enfoque deportivo); seguir un proceso lógico basado en un cambio de conducta; trabajar en colaboración con distintos participantes, y poner en marcha un proceso efectivo de vigilancia y evaluación. Este artículo describe estas condiciones, proporcionando un marco para diseñar una intervención deportiva de «acción sin daño».Publicación en línea: 11 diciembre 2017