bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Late Soviet Clubs: KVN as a Space of Nakhodimost
Authors:   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Fokin A. A.
Published: December 2023

Based on the analysis of the history of the «Club of Merry and Resourceful (KVN) in the late USSR a number of processes characteristic of that epoch are considered. In the late USSR there seems to be a tendency for normalization of personal leisure time. At the same time, the majority of late-Soviet leisure appears to be built on horizontal rather than vertical connections. One of the iconic forms of such leisure is the KVN game, which offers people the position of both passive spectator and active participant. To understand the phenomenon of the fi rst KVN game it is necessary to realize that it originally existed not within the framework of late Soviet laughter culture, but within the framework of late Soviet techno-optimism. Therefore, the fi rst teams and the fi rst KVN champions were representatives of technical universities of the Soviet Union, who could be not only «physicists» but also «lyricists». Gradually, KVN games developed, and the humorous component began to dominate. At the same time, KVN turned into an all-union informal movement. The reopening of KVN together with the policy of glasnost led to the fact that the topics which previously existed in the form of private talks in the kitchen or in the form of anecdotes appeared on stage and on the air of Soviet television. Thus, KVN turned into a «public space of fi ndability», which set a special communicative situation and acted as an assembly point of KVN collectivity.
«Liberated Socialism»: Circles, Clubs and Public Initiatives in Perm in the Era of Perestroika (1985–1988)
Authors:   Perm State University, Kabatskov A. N.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study is to identify the forms and nature of grassroots political activity in the era of reforms in Soviet society in 1985-88. Based on a group of sources, including a student diary, an attempt was made to reconstruct the perception of the ideas of perestroika in the student community. The focus is on the motives, value orientations and motivation of young historians. It is shown that the students sincerely responded to the political initiatives of the country’s leadership, primarily M.S. Gorbachev. They gained their fi rst experience of collective political discussion while studying at the Faculty of History of Perm State University. The meeting of the faculty circle «Actual Problems of the Present» became a platform for an open conversation. Inspired by new ideas, which they perceived as support for their own life aspirations, the students tried to bring their ideals to life within the walls of an offi cial Soviet institute. The confl ict with the administrative and party leadership of the university prompted enterprising students to search for independent forms of organizational activity. They were informal political clubs and associations of the perestroika era.
A neutron source for the study of biological objects formed from superficially touching cones made of borated spheroplastics
Authors: Siksin V. V.
Published: December 2023

At the Prometheus medical accelerator with a proton beam energy of 225 MeV, a source of fast and epithermal neutrons was constructed and measurements of neutron dose profiles at the output of the neutron channel were carried out using the BDMN-100 detector. A heavy NaI target was used to produce fast neutrons. Together with the research laboratory of the Central Laboratory of Avangard JSC, a new protective material against neutrons called wikineutron was developed, with a different percentage of 10B. This new material has been studied many times at the Prometheus proton accelerator and the Pakhra electron accelerator. Based on the developed new protective materials against neutrons, a shadow protection was formed, made in the form of surface contacting cones, forming a channel of fast and epithermal neutrons. Fast neutrons can be used for remote therapy. Also, a neutron beam can be used to study biological objects and cells. It is also possible to use a neutron source from the Prometheus accelerator for the treatment of superficial tumors. The developed neutron channel can be used for medical work on the creation of new radiopharmaceuticals containing boron and other highly absorbing elements. The developed neutron source is a compact low-power source of therapeutic neutrons, which can be used for the treatment of superficial types of cancer. The main goal of the work was: the formation, based on the developed neutron-absorbing materials, of a neutron channel, which has a simple design and can be used for boron-neutron capture therapy and nadepithermal therapy; creation on the neutron channel of a beam of epithermal neutrons and supra-epithermal neutrons to assess the effectiveness of the use of radiopharmaceuticals.The developed neutron-absorbing materials made it possible to create a neutron channel of epithermal neutrons and supra-epithermal neutrons for therapy and the development of gold-based radiosensitizers.
VARIATIONS IN MAGNETIC PROPERTIES PROPAGATION IN STEEL SHELL STRUCTURE CAUSED BY WELDING (PART 2)
Authors: Gafarova V.A. , Shermatov D.N. , Bayazitov M.I. , Arslanov A.L.
Published: December 2023

The first stage of the research involves analyzing primary and secondary acoustic wave propagation behavior. The results of the first stage suggest that the properties of shell structures used at every stage of the experiment are distributed unevenly along the generator lines and across the width of the test pipes. In order to conduct a comparative study of properties, the authors of the research introduce the heterogeneity parameter. During the experiment, the parameter is changing locally within two orders of magnitude, even in case of test pipes in their initial state. Equal sensitivity to heterogeneities across steel products is found in its magnetic properties. As numerous studies prove, analyzing variations in magnetic properties makes it possible to detect flaws and areas of their concentration. This method can also be used to estimate the remaining service life. This is a crucial aspect to consider when assessing properties and using the findings to develop digital twins of shell structures. The authors focus on identifying acoustic and magnetic signals coming from flawed shell structures and weld joint areas in particular. For this purpose, magnetic memory method and X-ray analysis are used. It is found that both normal and tangential magnetic field components are sensitive to structural heterogeneities across a steel product. The combination of magnetic memory method and X-ray analysis make it possible to determine how typical weld joint flaws occurring during welding affect the magnetic properties. Sufficient measurements are required for statistical analysis of the findings. It is also possible to introduce further criteria in order to import metal properties correctly into the modelling program using numerical methods.
PROCESSING AND RESEARCH OF EFFECTIVENESS OF NEW BIOPREPARATES BASED ON RHODOCOCCUS SP. H33, GUMATES AND LIGNOSULFONATES FOR THE CLEANING OF NEFTEZAINOUSLY CONTAMINATED SOILS
Authors: Nazarov A.M. , Tuktarova I.O. , Davletshin T.K. , Chetverikov S.P.
Published: December 2023

Development of preparations for increasing the efficiency of carbon deposition by woody plants in the conditions of technogenically contaminated lands is an urgent task and is divided into 2 stages. The first stage is related to the remediation of lands polluted with hydrocarbons in the process of oil production and refining. The second stage is aimed at obtaining biopreparations to accelerate carbon deposition by biosystems (woody and herbaceous plants).In this work, the effectiveness of a biopreparation based on a new strain of bacteria-oil-destructors Rhodococcus sp. H33 in combination with humates and lignosulfonates for cleaning of oil-contaminated lands was studied.It is shown that the most effective of several strains of oil destructors isolated from oil-contaminated soils is Rhodococcussp. H33, which was used as the basis of biopreparation for cleaning of lands contaminated with oil and oil products.It was found that at 8 % level of oil pollution microorganisms of the biopreparation based on strain H33 together with additives are capable of its greater destruction (the degree of biodegradation in the variant with lignosulfonates reaches 47.4 % for 6 weeks of experiment) than components separately (introduction of strain H33 without additives leads to destruction of 20 % of oil, humic preparations — does not exceed 10 %), comparison preparation «Lenoil» — 15–20 %. Based on the values of the number of heterotrophic, as well as hydrocarbon- oxidizing microorganisms, as well as the results of reducing the concentration of oil hydrocarbons, it is shown that the following composition of the complex biotechnological preparation-oil-destructor is optimal: biopreparation based on bacterial strain H33 (titer 2·109 CFU/ ml) — NPK — complex fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) 0.25 g/kg soil — 0.02 % wt. sodium lignosulfonate.
OVERGROWN AGRICULTURAL LANDS AS A POTENTIAL FOR NATURAL DECARBONIZATION OF OIL AND GAS FIELDS
Authors: Bogdan E.A. , Vildanov I.R. , Sayfullin I.Yu. , Rusakov I.A. , Araslanova L.Kh. , Belan L.N.
Published: December 2023

In the north-western part of the Republic of Bashkortostan there are a large number of oil and gas fields, which are located on abandoned agricultural lands. Taking into account the increased level of impact on forest phytocenoses of natural and artificial origin in this zone, it becomes necessary to study the volume of carbon uptake by woody vegetation. To fulfill this goal, the tasks of carrying out an inventory of overgrown agricultural lands, entering coordinates of the boundaries of oil and gas fields into geoinformation projects and applying the results of digitization of overgrown agricultural lands to the boundaries of oil and gas fields are set. The study covers 18 municipal districts: Askinsky, Bakalinsky, Baltachevsky, Belebeyevsky, Bizhbulyaksky, Blagoveshchensky, Buraevsky, Dyurtyulinsky, Ilishevsky, Kaltasinsky, Karaidelsky, Krasnokamsky, Kushnarenkovsky, Mishkinsky, Tatyshlinsky, Tuymazinsky. Sharansky, Yanaulsky. The Q-GIS program defines the areas of overgrown areas. According to satellite images, 4 stages of overgrowth have been identified: the fourth (the age of trees is 20 years or more), the third (the age of trees is about 15 years), the second (the age of trees is about 10 years) and the first (the age of trees is up to 5 years). The main breeds that ensure overgrowth are pine and birch. The results of the study demonstrate an increase from 1985 to 2022 for the forest area by 20.41% for the north of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Calculation of accumulated carbon with subsequent conversion into carbon units and assessment of their value showed that at the moment the stand of overgrown agricultural land has already accumulated about 182 thousand tons of carbon units. About 135 thousand tons of carbon units are deposited annually. The high dynamics of carbon accumulation by woody vegetation allows us to assume with a high degree of probability that agricultural lands overgrown with forest, when implementing certain forestry measures, can be the basis for the implementation of costeffective climate projects for both owners of licensed plots and other interested parties. According to the results of our work, the use of the Severo-Kushkul and Mishidinsky license areas of oil and gas fields is promising for forest-climatic projects.
APPLICATION OF HYDROGELS FOR CONFORMANCE CONTROL AND FLOW DIVERSION
Authors: Telin A.G. , Vezhnin S.A. , Safarov F.E. , Lenchenkova L.E. , Yakubov R.N. , Safuanova R.M.
Published: December 2023

The use of hydrogels in the development of oil fields by the flooding method has firmly established itself in the oil industry, and this direction is constantly evolving in all oil-producing countries around the world, as evidenced by the growth of publication and patent activity on this topic. Operations for conformance control and flow diversion are impossible to imagine without the use of gel technologies today. Inorganic, organic, and hybrid gels, as well as foam gels, gel-forming and gel-dispersed systems are used.The ability to widely regulate structural-mechanical properties, thermal stability, and shear resistance through the introduction of micro- and nano-sized additives has made hydrogels indispensable tools for petroleum engineers.In this review, modern trends in the use of hydrogels for flow diversion from injection wells are identified, and the most promising directions are explored in light of depleted reservoirs and deterioration in the structure of oil reserves. Geological prerequisites for using hydrogels for flow diversion during field development are discussed, including hydrogels based on a range of acrylamide polymers, sedimentary-gel-forming and gel-dispersed compositions, as well as gels based on inorganic compounds.Various gel-forming compositions based on water-soluble and waterswelling polymers, as well as silicon and aluminum-based inorganic compounds, are used for flow diversion and conformance control. Combining gels with dispersed materials and sedimentary compositions allows for the strengthening of the structural-mechanical properties of the flow-diverting system, making it possible to apply these compositions in fractured-porous collectors. The ability to regulate the gelforming time allows for placement of the gel screen at a specified distance from the injection wellbore. This approach has firmly established itself in industrial practice and continues to be improved in terms of reducing the cost of used compositions and increasing their effectiveness.
IMPROVEMENT OF METHODS FOR CALCULATION OF GAS-LIQUID SLUG OF FLOW IN PIPELINES
Authors: Mikhailov V.G. , Pashali A.A.
Published: December 2023

To calculate pressure losses during transportation of gas-liquid fluids in flowlines, it is important to correctly estimate the effective density and viscosity of the mixture, which increases the accuracy of calculating the tangential stresses required to determine hydraulic pressure losses at the liquid-wall boundary. The determining parameter when calculating the effective values of the density and viscosity of the mixture is the coefficient liquid holdup in the cross section of the pipeline. The article analyzes the applicability of empirical methods for modeling two-phase gas-liquid currents when calculating liquid holdup in slug body of a intermittent (slug) flow in horizontal pipelines. A description is given of the mechanistic approach proposed by Zhang to calculate the liquid holdup in the slug body used in one of the most famous modern models of gas-liquid flow — TUFFP Unified model. The results of calculating the actual liquid holdup in the slug body using the TUFFP Unified model hydrodynamic model are presented, showing good consistency of the calculated data with experimental ones for vertically located pipelines, and unsatisfactory consistency for currents in horizontal pipes. The purpose of the article is to improve the methods of calculating the gas-liquid slug structure of the current using the TUFFP Unified model, by improving the accuracy of calculating the liquid holdup in the slug body at the horizontal location of the flowline. The proposal to use in the TUFFP Unified model a new approach to assessing the stable diameter of the gas bubble of the dispersed-bubble flow regime in the body of a liquid slug made it possible to increase the reliability of calculating the liquid holdup in the slug body with a horizontal location of the pipeline.
The Importance of an Unbiased Safety Review Board in Phase I Clinical Trials
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA, Klein Gerald L. , Morgan Roger ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
Published: December 2023

Conducting clinical trials is the process that biopharmaceutical companies must use to demonstrate that their product is safe, well-tolerated, and efficacious to obtain marketing approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Morphometric Dimensions of Male Auditory Ossicles among Nigerian Population
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Rhema University, Aba, Nigeria, Godson Kelechi P. , Akudu Lotanna S. ,   Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Rhema University, Aba, Nigeria, Ohanenye Chioma ,   Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Rhema University, Aba, Nigeria, Onyewuchi Mike O. ,   Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Rhema University, Aba, Nigeria
Published: December 2023

Introduction The auditory ossicles transfer sound vibrations in the tympanic membrane from the middle ear to the inner ear. These ossicles are located in the petrous part of the temporal bone and they form a chain across the tympanic cavity from the tympanic membrane to the oval window. Aim The present study was aimed at providing the morphometric dimensions of the male auditory ossicles among the Nigerian population. Materials and Methods The study was carried out on 94 malleus (R=44, L=50), 70 incus (R=34, L=36), and 27 stapes (R=10, L=17) auditory ossicles collected from 57 unidentified adult male cadavers from the departments of anatomy of various universities in Nigeria. The various parameters were taken with the help of a digital vernier caliper and weighed with Mettler Toledo weighing balance. Results This study revealed no statistically significance difference (p>0.05) between morphometric measurements of the bones of the right and left side except in the malleus. The mean weights (mg) of the malleus, incus and stapes were 22.04, 27.02, and 3.34, respectively. The mean lengths (mm) of the malleus and incus were 8.02 and 6.73, respectively and the mean length of footplates in stapes was 1.94 mm. The mean width of the incus was 4.12 mm and the mean width of the footplate in stapes was 2.88 mm. Conclusion The three auditory ossicles are morphometrically identical in both ears except the malleus. The precise measurements of the ossicles have been reported in this study among the adult male Nigerian population which would be very helpful in forensic study. Variations were observed in the dimensions of the ossicles when compared with previous studies which may be due to racial or regional factors as the values from published authors are from Asian and Caucasian populations.
Mucormycosis in COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Department of ENT- HNS, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia, Nefzaoui Safa , Romdhane Nadia ,   Department of ENT- HNS, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia, Farjallah Hela ,   Department of ENT- HNS, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia, Zoghlami Imen ,   Department of ENT- HNS, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia, Hariga Inès ,   Department of ENT- HNS, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
Published: December 2023

Background Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with a wide range of opportunistic fungal infections. Many countries have seen an unprecedented rise in cases of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM). The purpose of this study is to identify the correlation between the COVID-19 epidemic and mucormycosis. Our study also provides details on factors causing CAM. Methods A retrospective study from November 2020 to February 2022 includes four cases of COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital mucormycosis treated at Habib Thameur Hospital’s ENT Department. Results The mean age of patients was 67.5-years, 75% were males, and the most frequent underlying conditions were diabetes mellitus (100%). The median time interval between the diagnosis of COVID-19 and the first evidence of mucormycosis infection was 15-days; two patients required hospitalization in a COVID unit, and two patients received oxygen therapy at home. All patients received corticosteroid therapy at a dose of 1 mg/kg/d for an average of 10-days. Treatment using antifungals and surgery was described in all the patients. Amphotericin B deoxycholate was used in 75% and lipid formulation in 25%. Two patients presented renal insufficiency due to amphotericin B; the doses were adapted with good evolution. In that report, the case fatality rate was 75%. Conclusion Mucormycosis is a fatal fungal infection that usually affects patients with altered immunity. Several cases of mucormycosis in people with COVID-19 have been increasingly reported worldwide. Diabetes mellitus (DM), steroid overdose, immunosuppression, and high iron levels, combined with other factors such as prolonged hospitalization, unhygienic conditions, and the use of ventilators, combine to create an ideal environment for contracting mucormycosis. Lastly, there is a need to create awareness about fungal diseases among clinicians in order to help identify early symptoms and restrict the spread of lethal fungal diseases. A collaborative team of otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists, anesthesiologists, and resuscitators will be required in hospitals to accelerate optimal management.
Access to Palliative Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries during Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Era: A Kenyan Experience
Authors:   Department of Hematology Oncology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya, Weru John , Nafula Esther ,   Pain and Palliative Care Unit, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya, Kinyanjui Asaph ,   Nairobi Hospice, Nairobi, Kenya, Yennurajalingam Sriram ,   Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
Published: December 2023

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emphasized the role of palliative care as an essential service to patients and families affected by life-threatening illnesses. Challenges encountered included: patients were not able to access services due to lockdown or restricted movement, limited or no home-based care and visits, opioid analgesic supplies were depleted, high frequency of uncontrolled symptoms and psychosocial distress, limited patient-caregiver-clinician communication, reduced family interactions due to fear of infecting the already sick family members, few training opportunities for health care workers (HCW) and HCW distress and burn-out. To address these challenges, the following strategies were employed; utilization of digital technologies to match resources, innovation in provision of PC including adapting etiquette for patient care using digital technology, advocating policy changes, education, use of technology such as video calls among family members support for HCW.
Safety and Efficacy of Biweekly Gemcitabine in Combination with Capecitabine in Elderly and Frail Patients with Resected Pancreatic Cancer
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, UCF School of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA, Orlando Health Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL, USA, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA and Monter Cancer Center, Lake Success, NY, USA, Saif Muhammad W. , Hakim Nausheen ,   NorthShore LIJ, Manhasset, NY, USA, Chi Jeffrey ,   Orlando Health Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL, USA, Rehman Hasan ,   NorthShore LIJ, Manhasset, NY, USA, Nealon William ,   NorthShore LIJ, Manhasset, NY, USA, Maloney Antonia ,   Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA, Smith Melissa H. ,   Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA, Jose Jyothi ,   Monter Cancer Center, Lake Success, NY, USA
Published: December 2023

Background The European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer (ESPAC-4) study showed that gemcitabine and capecitabine (GemCap) conferred a survival benefit over gemcitabine monotherapy in resected pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. ESPAC-4 included patients with a median age of 65-years (37-81) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 0,1 in 97%. We present our experience with an adopted biweekly regimen of GemCap in patients who were ≥75-years old and deemed not suitable for the ESPAC-4 regimen. Methods Patients received a biweekly regimen of GemCap (gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 every 2-weeks and capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 twice a day orally on days 1-7 every 2-weeks). Patients were evaluated for progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and sites of recurrence. Toxicities were graded according to National Cancer Institute (NCI) common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) v5.0. Results Thirty-five (35) patients with a median age of 79-years were treated with biweekly GemCap adjuvant treatment. Seventy-two percent (72%) of patients had ECOG PS of 2. The median PFS and OS were 8-months and 22-months. Twenty-five percent (25%) had local recurrence, 60% had metastatic disease and 8.6% had no evidence of disease (NED). The most frequent toxicities were grades 1-2 anemia (20%), thrombocytopenia (8%), and hand-foot syndrome (HFS) (10%). Grade ≥3 included diarrhea (4%) and HFS (1%). Conclusion Our study showed that biweekly gemcitabine in combination with capecitabine can be an acceptable regimen with efficacy comparable to historical control and a favorable toxicity profile in elderly and frail patients. Patients on this regimen also make fewer visits to the oncologist. A biweekly GemCap regimen warrants further exploration in patients not suitable for FOLFIRINOX (a combination of bolus and infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan and oxaliplatin), full-dose GemCap, or a clinical trial.
Post-Pancreatectomy Hemorrhage: Is Endoscopy Really Useful?
Authors:   Digestive and Interventional Endoscopy Unit, ASST GOM Niguarda, Milan, Italy, Dioscoridi Lorenzo
Published: December 2023

Post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage is a frequent adverse event with high morbidity and mortality. Redo-surgery, interventional radiology and operative endoscopy are involved in its management. Operative endoscopy is gaining efficacy in the setting of post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage. However, its role in post-operative bleeding is still not well-defined. On the base of the present published data, endoscopy has a strong indication to diagnosis but scant efficiency to treat post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage.
Effect of Rhodiola Rosea Supplement on Exhaustive Swimming Test and Physical Fatigue in Male Institute of Cancer Research Mice
Authors:   HealthTake Corporation, Xitun, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC, Chu Wan-Li , Lee Mon-Chine ,   Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan, ROC, Hsu Yi-Ju ,   Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan, ROC, Huang Chi-Chang ,   Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan, ROC, Chien Yu-Jou ,   HealthTake Corporation, Xitun, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
Published: December 2023

Background Fatigue decreases exercise performance, and affects work capacity and quality of life. Functional supplement use is one of the common methods to alleviate fatigue. Rhodiola rosea (RHR) exerts antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects due to its rich glycosides and has the potential to resist fatigue. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of the RHR supplement on physical fatigue induced by exhaustive swimming exercise. Methods Forty institute of cancer research (ICR) mice were divided and assigned to one of four treatment groups (0, 600, 1200, and 3000 mg/kg body weight), with 10 animals in each group. After four weeks of RHR supplement intervention, swimming tests were conducted to assess exercise endurance, the accumulation of blood fatigue markers, and tissue glycogen storage. Results The results showed that after four weeks of the RHR supplement intervention, the exhaustive swimming time significantly increased in three treatment groups with a dose-dependence effect. The accumulation of blood fatigue substances (lactate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine kinase (CK) was significantly decreased, and glycogen content in the liver and muscle was elevated. Conclusion RHR supplements possess the capacity to enhance exercise performance and prevent exercise-induced fatigue. It is suitable to develop an RHR supplement as a dietary supplement for anti-fatigue.
Menstrual Patterns and Age of Menarche in Young Women from the United States
Authors:   Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, Altoona, PA 16601, USA, Matchock Robert L.
Published: December 2023

Background Menarche is a salient event for adolescents that marks the beginning of reproductive life and the commencement of menstrual cycles. Despite this, much less is known about how the timing of menarche is related to menstrual patterns. Methods To that end, a cross-sectional sample of 523 young women in college from the United States provided data on menarcheal age, menses and cycle length, blood loss during menses, dysmenorrhea, and menstrual cycle regularity. Sociodemographic data such as age of first sexual intercourse, presence of biological father while growing up, self-reported body weight, and urban versus rural place of residence were also obtained. Results Mean menarcheal age was 12.89±1.31-years. Regarding cycle length, 42 (8.2%) of the women had cycles shorter than 21-days, 402 (78.2%) between 21 and 35-days, and 70 (13.6%) had cycles longer than 35-days. Concerning menorrhagia, 61 (11.8%) reported a small quantity of blood loss, 363 (70.1%) a medium quantity, and 94 (18.1%) reported a large loss of blood (menorrhagia). Duration of menstrual bleeding also showed variability with 33 (6.4%), 280 (54.2%), and 204 (39.5%) reporting menstrual bleeding lasting less than 3-days, 2 to 5-days, and greater than 5-days, respectively. The overall prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 61.7% (n=319) of the sample, while 36.3% (n=187) reported irregular menstrual cycles. Logistic regression indicated that early menarche, long menses duration, large self-reported amount of blood loss, and early age of first sexual intercourse were significant predictors of dysmenorrhea, while women with small self-reported amount of blood loss, a short menses duration, and long cycles were less likely to have dysmenorrhea. Concerning the timing of menarche, participants who were over-weight, grew up in urban environments, had dysmenorrhea, had early first consensual sexual intercourse, and grew up without a biological father, were more likely to have early menarche. Conclusion These findings suggest that menstrual disorders are common among a sample of young women from the United States and also identify sociodemographic variables that are related to menarcheal age.
Работать сложно отказать: смыслы работы в нарративах потенциальных работодателей, представителей организаций-­посредников и людей с инвалидностью
Authors: Чернышёва Наталья , Андреева Анастасия
Published: December 2023

Исследование посвящено многообразию смыслов работы людей с ментальной и / или интеллектуальной инвалидностью. Теоретическая рамка определена современной российской социологической дискуссией о проблемах неравенства и социального исключения людей с инвалидностью из общественно-­трудовой жизни. Представлены три теоретические модели восприятия людей с инвалидностью, позиции по отношению к развитию инклюзии в современном российском обществе, а также положение труда людей с инвалидностью в неолиберальной системе ценностей. Эмпирическая часть исследования проводилась с ноября 2020 по июнь 2021 года на базе благотворительной организации, занимающейся адаптацией людей с ментальной и/или интеллектуальной инвалидностью на рынке труда в Санкт-­Петербурге. Представленные результаты основаны на материалах 28 интервью с потенциальными работодателями (HR-ме­неджерами, директорами и исполнителями), представителями благотворительных организаций и НКО, а также с людьми с интеллектуальной и / или ментальной инвалидностью. Анализ смыслов, вкладываемых в понятие «работы» людей с инвалидностью, позволил выявить пять подходов к пониманию работы (материальный, формальный, физический, альтруистический, коммуникативный). Анализ глубинных интервью с потенциальными работодателями позволил определить преимущества найма людей с ментальной и / или интеллектуальной инвалидностью (материальные и ценностные), а также три подхода к определению смыслов сотрудничества с ними (экономические, альтруистический, статусный). Анализ интервью с представителями организаций-­посредни­ков позволил выявить иные преимущества найма людей с инвалидностью (макроэкономическое и функциональное) и определить три группы смыслов работы людей с инвалидностью (экономический, функциональный, прогрессивный). Выводы, сделанные по результатам данного исследования, показывают различия и сходства во взглядах на труд людей из исследуемой социальной группы как со стороны потенциальных работодателей, так и со стороны самих представителей данной группы. Смысловые установки представителей организаций-­посредников демонстрируют потенциал развития для восприятия инвалидности работодателями и возможности перехода от трудовой модели инвалидности в современном обществе к социальной.
Включенность населения в процесс цифровизации здравоохранения
Authors: Мещерякова Наталия , Юдин Валерий , Демченко Юлия , Галицкая Веолетта
Published: December 2023

В статье представлены результаты опроса, проведенного методом формализованного интервью face-to-faсe с рядом полузакрытых вопросов на тему «Отношение населения к цифровизации здравоохранения». Исследование осуществлено Лабораторией цифровой антропологии медицинских систем СибГМУ в Томске и Москве в марте-­апреле 2022 г. Цель исследования заключалась в анализе восприятия населением и его участия в цифровой трансформации здравоохранения, а также оценке удовлетворенности цифровыми приложениями и услугами. Результаты анализа показали, что население в целом удовлетворено доступностью электронных услуг и ценит возможность сокращения временных и финансовых издержек на их получение. Жители мегаполиса оказались более заинтересованы в цифровых услугах из-за высоких временных затрат на традиционные формы общения. В то же время у жителей региона выше цифровые барьеры из-за затрудненного персонального доступа к интернету и недостатка навыков работы с информационно-­коммуникационными технологиями. Основные опасения респондентов связаны с возможным снижением качества лечения в условиях цифровизации. Также важным аспектом для них является обеспечение безопасности персональной оцифрованной информации и эффективное использование накопленных больших данных, включая применение технологий искусственного интеллекта. Вовлечение пациентов в процессы цифровизации здравоохранения может стать ценным ресурсом для реформ, но в российской модели цифровизации это пока не рассматривается как приоритетное направление.
Отношение родителей к инклюзивному образованию: кейс сибирской школы
Authors: Федина Людмила , Волосникова Людмила , Игнатжева Светлана , Брук Жанна
Published: December 2023

Инклюзивное образование, как образование для всех детей, является императивом. Однако степень реальной инклюзивности образования и общества повышается медленно, а эмпирических исследований, посвященных отношению родителей к инклюзивному образованию, критично мало. Основной исследовательский вопрос статьи: как воспринимают инклюзивные изменения в школе родители, имеющие детей с ОВЗ, и родители нормотипичных детей? Отношение родителей к инклюзии, анализируют позиции, которые они занимают (родительская вовлеченность, родительское участие), а также их взаимодействие и взаимосвязи с образовательной средой на микро-, мезо- и макроуровнях. Эмпирическую базу исследования составили данные, полученные в результате опроса 327 родителей учащихся одной из школ г. Тюмени. В исследовании использован авторский опросник, включающий 33 индикатора, которые респондентам предложено оценить по пятибалльной шкале Лайкерта. Данные обработаны при помощи факторного и кластерного анализа. Кластерный анализ в пространстве выделенных факторов позволил распределить родителей на пять групп: сторонники (17%) разделяют инклюзивные ценности и принимают участие в реализации инклюзивной политики школы; наблюдатели (25%) занимают скорее нейтральную позицию; антагонисты (14%) выступают против продвижения идей инклюзии в школе; контролеры (21%) испытывают тревогу по поводу того, что их ребенок обучается в инклюзивном классе, пытаются определять и корректировать инклюзивную политику школы; скептики (23%) не доверяют идеям инклюзии. В целом родители довольно высоко оценивают сотрудничество со школой, отводя решающую роль классным руководителям. Исследование показало, что качество сотрудничества школы с родителями является значимым фактором, формирующим отношение родителей к инклюзивному образованию. Однако родители являются недооцененным ресурсом в развитии инклюзивного образования. Полученные материалы могут быть использованы для разработки школьных политик и программ, направленных на вовлечение родителей в развитие инклюзивности, повышение качества коммуникации школы с родительским сообществом.
Эмиграция из России в Израиль: динамика потока и его составляющие в 1990 - 2023 гг.
Authors: Тольц Марк
Published: December 2023

В статье подробно анализируется численная динамика и демографическая структура наиболее многочисленного в 1990-2023 гг. миграционного потока в Израиль, который шел из России. С этой целью рассмотрено ежегодное изменение чисел мигрантов из этой страны в Израиль за этот период. Выявлены пики миграции, обусловленные событиями в стране происхождения мигрантов, пришедшиеся на 1990-1991 и 1999-2000 гг. и новый, начавшийся в 2022 г. Для нового пика миграции проанализирована динамика чисел мигрантов за отдельные месяцы с выделением среди них двух групп: прибывших в Израиль с визой репатрианта («прямая алия») и тех, кто первоначально въехали в эту страну как туристы и после того получили статус репатрианта. Оценено влияние отрицательной нетто-миграции на снижение численности еврейского населения России в 1990-2022 гг.

Проведенный анализ показал, что современная очень постаревшая структура еврейского населения в России не может обеспечить масштабную эмиграцию. Однако израильский Закон о возвращении распространяется на значительно более широкий круг лиц, имеющих еврейское происхождение и их супругов. Ежегодные данные израильской статистики показывают, что доля евреев среди иммигрантов из России падала на протяжении рассмотренного периода. Возрастная структура мигрантов из России в Израиль была близка до конца прошлого десятилетия к возрастному составу всего городского населения страны выезда, а по самым последним данным даже стала более молодой по сравнению с ним. В общем составе мигрантов на протяжении большей части анализируемого периода численно преобладали женщины, однако в последней миграционной волне по данным 2022 г. стали незначительно преобладать мужчины.
Vibration of flexible robots: Dynamics and novel synthesis of unbounded trajectories
Authors: Debanik Roy
Published: December 2023

Flexible Robotic Systems, by and large, are prone to inherent vibration that recreates itself in several modal frequencies. This in-situ vibration in flexible robots or in any such complaint robotic unit becomes tricky so far as the control system architecture is concerned. Thus, customization of the design and firmware of higher-order flexible robots is highly challenging due to its inherent parameters related to real-time vibration. Vibration in flexible robots has been investigated hitherto from the standpoint of frequency & amplitude tuple, sidetracking the important paradigm of looping of the trajectories. This work has added a technological niche in bringing out the intrinsic dynamics of this vibration from a mathematical perspective of trajectory formation so as to understand the mechanics of spiraling loops while a flexible/compliant robotic system is vibrating under natural conditions. The analytical modeling of the said in-situ vibration has been experimented with through an indigenous single-link flexible robot, fitted with a miniature gripper.
Study on generalized BK-5th recurrent Finsler space
Authors: Adel Mohammed Ali Al-Qashbari , Saeedah Mohammed Saleh Baleedi
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we present a novel new class and investigate the connection between the K-projective curvature tensor and other tensors of Finsler space Fn, this space is characterized by the property for Cartan’s 4th curvature tensor satisfies the certain relationship with the given covariant vectors field, we define this space as a generalized BK-5th recurrent space and denote it briefly by GBK-5RFn. This paper aims to derive the fifth-order Berwald covariant derivatives of the torsion tensor and the deviation tensor . Additionally, it demonstrates that the curvature vector Kj, the curvature vector Hk, and the curvature scalar H are all non-vanishing within the considered space. We have identified tensors that exhibit self-similarity under specific conditions. Furthermore, we have established the necessary and sufficient conditions for certain tensors in this space to have equal fifth-order Berwald covariant derivatives with their lower-order counterparts.
The effect of three-type Vortex Generators (VGs) on NACA-0015 hydrofoil cavitation formation at different angles of attack
Authors: Amirhamzeh Farajollahi
Published: December 2023

Cavitation, the formation of vapor bubbles on hydrofoil surfaces, poses a significant challenge to the performance and durability of marine vessels utilizing hydrofoils. Vortex generators, small structures embedded on the hydrofoil surface, have emerged as a potential solution for mitigating cavitation, but the optimal shape of vortex generators for achieving maximum cavitation resistance remains an open question. This study aims to address this challenge by systematically investigating the impact of rectangular, triangular, and circular vortex generators on the cavitation characteristics of a NACA-0015 hydrofoil. Utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the influence of these vortex generator shapes on cavitation inception and critical cavitation numbers will be evaluated under varying angles of attack and flow velocities. The findings of this study will provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of vortex generators for hydrofoil applications. Despite the effectiveness of vortex generators in mitigating cavitation, the optimal vortex generator shape for specific hydrofoil designs and operating conditions remains unclear. The precise mechanisms by which vortex generators suppress cavitation are not fully understood, requiring further investigation to optimize their design and placement. The durability and long-term performance of vortex generators under various environmental conditions, including turbulence and corrosion, warrant further evaluation. By addressing these unsolved challenges, this study will contribute to the advancement of vortex generator technology and its practical application in hydrofoil systems, leading to more efficient and reliable marine vessels.
Effect of Concept Cartoons on Students’ Achievement, Speaking Skill, and Motivation in English Teaching
Authors: BAYSAL Hülya , GÜLTEKİN Selcen
Published: December 2023

Although many different methods of teaching English have been tried, the problem of learning it continues. Concept cartoons that allow dialogic conversation in teaching English will contribute to solving this problem. This study examines the effect of concept cartoons in the sixth-grade English course unit "Yummy Breakfast" on students' achievement, speaking skills, and motivation. The non-equivalent pre-test post-test control group design was adopted in the study. There were 33 sixth-grade students, 18 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group. While the experimental group received English instruction supplemented by concept cartoons, the control group received traditional instruction. The study lasted 24 hours, including two hours of pre-testing, 18 hours of treatment, and four hours of post-testing. The results demonstrated that using concept cartoons in the classroom improved students' speaking ability and motivation. However, there was not any significant difference between students’ achievement scores.
Chemical composition of marandu palisade grass fertilized with nitrogen and potassium
Authors: Sales K. C. , Abreu J. G. , Cabral C. E. A. , Behling Neto A. , Silva L. C. R. P. , Silva Neto I. M.
Published: December 2023

The goal was to evaluate the chemical composition of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu through the use of fertilization with nitrogen and potassium. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm of UFMT, Cuiabá Campus, from December to April 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 - rainy season; and from May to September in 2018 and 2019 – dry season. Treatments corresponded to a 5x2 factorial scheme, with five nitrogen doses (0; 25; 50; 75; 100 kg ha-¹) and two potassium doses (0; 25 kg ha-1). The sample was unified as one for each individual period.The chemical characteristics evaluated were crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF),total digestible nutrients (TDN) and net energy of lactation (NEF). For CP, a positive linear effect was observed for nitrogen fertilization, with 15.87% and 11.68% for the highest dose inthe rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Likewise, a linear increase in TDN and in NEL was observed. For NDF, ADF and iNDF content there was a linear reduction in both rainy and dryseasons. For potassium fertilization, there is little influence on the chemical characteristics, in fact, only in the rainy season for fiber, TDN and NEL contents. However, nitrogen fertilizationpromoted an increase of 51.13% in the CP content at the highest applied dose. The NDE, ADF and iNDF content decrease linearly with nitrogen input, on the contrary, there was an increase in TDN and NEL.
Seleção de Especialistas para o Desenvolvimento de Subconjuntos Terminológicos da CIPE: Uma Pesquisa Metodológica
Authors: Torres Fernanda Broering Gomes , Dhein Mariane Mota , Gomes Denilsen Carvalho , Cardoso Alexandrina Maria Ramos , Hino Adriano Akira Ferreira , Cubas Marcia Regina
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: Elaborar instrumentos para seleção de especialistas para etapas do desenvolvimento de subconjuntos terminológicos da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem (CIPE). Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica. Os critérios identificados, na revisão integrativa da literatura, constituíram base para dois questionários, analisados por 21 avaliadores, em duas rodadas. O primeiro, organizado com seis domínios e 38 critérios, e o segundo, com cinco domínios e 23 critérios, direcionados para etapas do desenvolvimento do subconjunto terminológico. Adotou-se Índice de Validação de Conteúdo ≥ 0,80. Resultados: Os critérios foram alocados em cinco domínios organizadores.  Elaborados quatro instrumentos: i) mapeamento cruzado – 18 critérios; ii) definição operacional – 15 critérios; iii) validação de conteúdo – 17 critérios; e iv) aplicabilidade clínica – 13 critérios. Conclusão: Foram elaborados instrumentos com critérios para seleção de especialistas para o desenvolvimento de subconjuntos terminológicos, que se utilizados podem contribuir para o rigor da seleção de especialistas e com a segurança do processo de validação.