bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weil's Disease - from Gut Dysbiosis to Immunopathogenesis and Multiple Organ Failure
Authors: Petakh Pavlo , Isevych Vitaliia , Oksenych Valentyn
Published: November 2022

Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease, causing about 60,000 deaths annually. One of the reasons for the severe course of leptospirosis is a cytokine storm, which develops as a result of an excessive immune response. The gut microbiota that resides in the gastrointestinal tract provides essential health benefits to its host, particularly by regulating immune homeostasis and a bidirectional relationship with many internal organs. A change in the gut microbiota can be caused not only by antibiotics, but also by infectious agents such as the coronavirus or the flu virus. It is known that L. interrogans can change the microbiota of mice. Thus, gut dysbiosis in leptospirosis can affect the clinical course of the disease, through the gut–organ axis. Modulation of intestinal microbiota by probiotics and/or fecal microbiota transplantation in leptospirosis may become an important area of scientific research.
Study on Antibacterial Activity and Structure of Chemically Modified Lysozyme
Authors: Wang Shengwei , Wang Tianyi
Published: November 2022

Egg white lysozyme was modified by chemical methods using organic acids. Caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid in organic acids were used as modifiers, and 1-Ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxy succinimide were used as dehydration condensation agents during modification. A certain degree of modified lysozyme was obtained through appropriate modification conditions. The antibacterial properties and structure of the obtained two organic acid modified lysozymes were compared with natural enzymes. The results showed that compared with the natural enzyme, the activity of modified lysozyme decreased, but the inhibitory effect on Gram-negative bacteria was enhanced. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of caffeic acid modified enzyme and p-coumaric acid modified enzyme on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 0.5 mg/mL and 0.75 mg/mL, respectively. However, the antibacterial ability of modified lysozyme to Gram-positive bacteria was lower than that of natural enzyme. The minimum inhibitory concentration of caffeic acid modified enzyme and p-coumaric acid modified enzyme to Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis was 1.25 mg/mL. The peak fitting results of the amide-I band (1600 cm-1-1700 cm-1) absorption peak in the infrared spectroscopy showed that the content of the secondary structure of the two modified enzymes obtained after modification was different from that of natural enzymes.
Investigation of Nitrogen and Vacancy Defects in Synthetic Diamond Plates by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy
Authors: Eseev Marat , Kuziv Ivan , Kostin Alex , Meshkov Igor , Sidorin Alex , Orlov Oleg
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, diamonds are widely used in science and technology. However, the properties of diamonds due to their defects are not fully understood. In addition to optical methods, positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) can be successfully used to study defects in diamonds. Positrons are capable of detecting vacancies, small and large clusters of vacancies induced by irradiation, by providing information about their size, concentration, and chemical environment. By mapping in the infrared (IR) range, it is possible to consider the admixture composition of the main inclusions of the whole plate. The article presents the results of the study of defects in synthetic diamond plates, one of which was irradiated by electrons. Presents data about the distribution of the defect concentration obtained by Infrared spectroscopy. PAS with a monochromatic positron beam can be used as a non-destructive technique of detecting defects (vacancy) distribution over the depth of diamond plates.
Efficacy Assessment of Autodissemination using Pyriproxyfen-Treated Ovitraps in the Reduction of Dengue Incidence in Two Barangays in Parañaque City, Philippines: A Spatial Analysis
Authors: Ligsay Antonio D. , Regencia Zypher Jude G. , Tambio Kristan Jela M. , Aytona Michelle Joyce M. , Generale Alain Jason A. , Alejandro Grecebio Jonathan D. , Tychuaco Jacquiline S. , De las Llagas Lilian A. , Baja Emmanuel S. , Paul Richard Edward L.
Published: November 2022

Dengue infection is one of the most important vector-borne diseases worldwide and is a significant public health problem in the tropics. Mosquito control continues to be the primary approach to reducing the disease burden and the dengue virus (DENV) spread. Aside from the traditional larviciding and adulticiding interventions, autodissemination using pyriproxyfen-treated (AD-PPF) ovitraps is one of the promising methods to complement existing vector control strategies. Our paper assessed the efficacy of AD-PPF in reducing DENV infection in two barangays in Parañaque City. Using saliva samples from the participants from both the control and intervention sites, we collected the seroprevalence data for three months in each of the two years. Spatial analysis was conducted to determine hotspot areas and identify DENV infection distributions across the trial periods. Results showed that the intervention site was identified as having clustering of DENV infection in Month 0 of Year 1 and shifted to random dispersion of dengue cases at the end of Month 3 in Year 2. The disappearance of the clustering of the intervention site translates to a decrease in the cases of DENV infection relative to the control site. Furthermore, we also identified that DENV infection transmission occurs at a small-scale level that did not go beyond 86 meters. In conclusion, AD-PPF is suggested to be an effective strategy and may be used as an additional vector control approach, albeit in its short-term implementation.
Decomposing the Impact of GMO Regulation on Bilateral Trade: An Application to Corn Trade
Authors: Beghin John C. , Hedoui M. Amine
Published: November 2022

The stringency of GMO regulation affects trade of agricultural products among countries. On that account, our investigation attempts to shed the light on the complexity of the impact of genetically modified organisms (GMO) regulations among countries on bilateral trade with a focus on GMO approvals. We develop a framework extending Xiong and Beghin (2014) and their decomposition of export supply and imports demand effects. Our approach encompasses the supplemental effect of GMO regulation laxity in production on the exporter’s productivity. It decomposes three effects that impact bilateral trade flows between trade partners: productivity in the source country, sorting cost from bilateral dissimilarity in regulations, and stringency impact on import demand. We estimate the model using a panel dataset of corn trade and two econometric approaches (PPML, Heckman sample-selection). We find that GMO laxity in production of exporters has the most prominent and robust effect of enhancing bilateral trade of corn. The effect of GMO laxity in demand appears to be smaller than the export booster effect of GMO adoption. Finally, bilateral dissimilarity in regulations does not appear to matter, once we account for the impact of GMO in production of the exporters and laxity in demand differentiated for importer and exporters. Hence, GMO approval regulations have dominating multilateral effects rather than bilateral ones.
ANN Based Estimation of the Defects Severity at the Drilling of GFRP/Ti Multilayered Composite Structure
Authors: Zhilyaev Igor , Chigrinets Evgeny , Shevtsov Sergey , Chotchaeva Samira , Snezhina Natalia
Published: November 2022

The main purpose of this study was to develop a model for predicting the quality of holes drilled in the root part of a spar of helicopter main rotor blades made of the Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP)-Ti multilayer polymer composite. As the main quality criterion, delaminations at the entry and exit of the drill from the hole were taken. In the experimental study a conventional drill and two modified geometry drills: a double-point angle drill and a dagger drill were used. Preliminary experiments showed the best hole quality when using modified drills, which allowed further detailed study only with both modified drills at different drilling speeds and feed rates. Its results in the form of training sets were used to build the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to predict delamination at the entry and exit of drilled holes. The analysis of the fitted response functions, presented as 3D surfaces plots and superimposed contour plots, made it possible to choose the better tool - a double-point angle drill and determine the optimal area for drilling speed and feed rates, confirming that the prediction of the quality and productivity of machining composites based on ANN is an effective tool to search and quantify the quality criteria of such technologies.
Metabolic and Inflammatory Profile of Physically Active and Less Active Military Police Officers
Authors: de Souza Diego Ribeiro , Borges Leandro , Monma Fernanda , Santos-Oliveira Laiane Cristina , Nobre Erivan Silva , dos Santos Leandro Porto , Dias Damaris Gilceli dos Santos , Momesso Cesar Miguel , Diniz Vinícius Leonardo Sousa , Codelo Luiz Paulo Rodrigues , Pereira Ana Carolina Gomes , Hatanaka Elaine , Cury-Boaventura Maria Fernanda , Masi Laureane Nunes , Levada-Pires Adriana Cristina , Gorjão Renata , Pithon-Curi Tania Cristina , Hirabara Sandro Massao , Curi Rui
Published: November 2022

Obesity is related to the establishment of chronic inflammation and metabolic diseases, but it can be positively influenced by the regular practice of physical activity. The study aimed to compare the anthropometric, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters of physically active Military Police Officers (MPOs) with those who are less physically active. Sixty male MPOs, low activity (n=28) and physically active (n=32) participated. The following parameters were measured: plasma cytokine levels, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, circulating glucose triglyceride (TAG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, and plasma glutamic oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities. The physically active group presented lower body fat and reduced TAG and IL-8 levels compared to the low activity group. Moreover, a negative correlation between SPE and SBP, DBP, BPM was detected for the physically active group (p<0.05) but not in the low activity group. Furthermore, the physically active group's work time (WT) values were not correlated with the important metabolic markers SBP, DBP, BPM, GLU, TAG (p>0.05) but could be in the low activity group (p<0.05). These findings highlight the fundamental protective role of physical activity in controlling body composition, subclinical inflammation, and cardiovascular risk in MPOs.
Fiber Aggregation in Nanocomposites: Aggregation Degree and Its Linear Relation with Percolation Threshold
Authors: Cui Baorang , Pan Fei , Ding Bin , Zhang Feng , Ma Yong , Chen Yuli
Published: November 2022

Fiber aggregation in nanocomposites has an important effect on the macroscopic electrical performance. To quantitatively evaluate its effect, an index to characterize the degree of aggregation is imperative, and ideally it should have three features simultaneously, i.e., single-parametric, dimensionless and physically meaningful, applicable to different aggregation topologies, and one-to-one corresponding to material electrical properties. To this end, a new aggregation degree is proposed, which is defined as the average increased number of fibers that connect with each one when fibers aggregate from a uniformly distributed state. This index is applicable to different aggregation topologies from lump-like aggregating clusters to network-like aggregating clusters. This index is proven to only depend on the local features of aggregating clusters, and can be concisely expressed by the characteristic parameters of local structure, via geometric probability analysis and numerical validations. Further, a one-to-one linear relation between the aggregation degree and percolation threshold is established by Monte Carlo simulations, which is independent of the distribution law of the fibers. This work provides a guide to the property characterization, performance prediction and material design of nanocomposites, and also gives a physical insight into the understanding of systems with similar non-uniform distributions.
Memory processing in the programming language for educational purposes SYNHRO
Authors: Gorodnyaya Lidia Vasiljevna
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to a number of solutions for organizing work with data in the SYNHRO programming language, aimed at teaching the preparation of multi-threaded programs over shared memory. The focus of attention is on the model of work in terms of inheriting the ideas of functional programming when it is necessary to ensure the performance of multiprocessor programs.
Impact of entity names embeddings on the quality of entity alignment
Authors: Gusev Daniil Ivanovich , Apanovich Zinaida Vladimirovna
Published: November 2022

The problem of merging multilingual knowledge graphs (KG) is becoming more and more relevant. The main step for its solution is the identification of equivalent entities and their descriptions. It is also known as the entity alignment (EA) problem. In recent years, EA methods based on embeddings of entities have been actively studied. Recent studies show that the quality of these approaches depends on how information about the structure of knowledge graphs and methods for constructing embeddings of entity names are used. This article presents experiments, the purpose of which is to improve the alignment of entities on the English-Russian dataset.
Complex Indicators of the Multitrading System
Authors: Kasparinsky Felix Osvaldovich
Published: November 2022

The article summarizes the experience of 4 years of work on setting up the Metatrder 5 Internet terminal tools for a multitrading system, which was developed to increase the effectiveness of price change forecasts in the Forex market by applying a set of interrelated technical analysis indicators to data of different time scales (timeframes), as well as to optimization of work with a variety of financial instruments, with the simultaneous use of multiple accounts. Possible ways of integrating technical and fundamental analysis tools, advantages and disadvantages of using mathematical models to predict changes in prices of financial instruments are discussed. A unidirectional (monophasic) price change is proposed to be called the term "oscillation". To integrate classical Elliott wave models and harmonic patterns, the concept of a block consisting of 8 oscillations distributed between 2 packages has been introduced. It was found that a series of 4 blocks form modules with a variable structure. Alternative options for the distribution of block oscillations between trend and correction packages are discussed to be consistent with the Dow theory of driving factors and stages of price change. A method of target distribution of 16 technical analysis indicators of various types (oscillators, trend indicators, volume indicators) over 4 sections of the Analytical window: "Price", "Oscillation", "Trend" and "Control" is proposed. The main principle in the formation of complex indicators is the unmasking of trends of oscillating indicators by applying trend indicators to their data. The ways of setting up the technical analysis indicators involved to optimize their use as part of complex trend indicators are described in detail. Recommendations are given for determining a trading group from three adjacent Analytical windows in a 6- window Analytical display to optimally select a trading timeframe in accordance with the operational situation. Examples of using complex indicators for generating trading signals for opening and closing deals are given. The results of preliminary experiments on the use of complex indicators and Fibonacci levels to determine pivot points when building price channels are discussed. Plans have been outlined to create a unified methodology for the formation of various price channels using complex indicators, Fibonacci levels, Elliott waves and harmonic patterns.
Video search by image - technology "Video Color"
Authors: Alekseev Alexander Petrovich , Alekseeva Tatyana Vladimirovna
Published: November 2022

We all face the challenge of finding information every day. It is required to find text, images, audio or video information. Most often, text is used for the search query. Less often - images. There are services like "Shazam" that search for music using sound recording. We focused on creating a search service that searches for videos. We use images as parameters for the request.
On the structure of the Common Digital Space of Scientific knowledge ontology
Authors: Kalenov Nikolay Evgenevich , Sotnikov Alexander Nikolaevich
Published: November 2022

The work is a development of the research conducted by the authors in the field of creating a Common Digital Space of Scientific Knowledge (CDSSK). The CDSSK is a digital information structure aggregating heterogeneous polythematic information related to scientific knowledge and including a set of subspaces related to various thematic scientific areas. The sources of the CDSSK content are existing information systems, such as the Great Russian Encyclopedia, the Unified Catalog of Geographical Names, the National Electronic Library, etc. A distinctive features of the CDSSK are (a) data support in a structure that complies with the rules of the semantic WEB, and (b) the ability to process a wide range of polythematic queries and provide the ability to navigate through heterogeneous resources using semantic links between them. The real design of the CDSSK should begin with the formation of the ontology of space as a whole and its individual subspaces. In this paper, a hierarchical structuring of the CDSSK ontology is proposed. Such elements as "subspace", "class of objects", "object", "attributes of an object", three types of relations of objects and attributes (universal, quasi-universal and specific) are distinguished and defined. the concepts "reference books" and "dictionaries" of the CDSSK are introduced. Reference books contain information about attributes and their relationships and are used in the processes of content formation and implementation of search and navigation logic; dictionaries contain specific values of attributes and relationships. The formalization of these elements representations is proposed, which makes it quite simple to add, as necessary, new attributes and relationships between objects.
Scientific Conveyor: Methodology for Supporting Research in Master's Programs
Authors: Prokudin Dmitry Evgenievich , Kononova Olga Vitalievna
Published: November 2022

The specifics of conducting scientific research in the humanitarian field are characterized by their interdisciplinary orientation, which makes it urgent to select priority topics on the studied issues. A particularly important aspect of conducting scientific research in the master's degree is the reasonable choice of digital resources for the collection and subsequent analysis of textual data. To increase the efficiency of interdisciplinary scientific research, we present the author's approach, which we have called a Scientific Conveyor, which can act as a methodology for organizing research in the master's degree. The article reveals the definition of Scientific Conveyor and describes its main elements. The application of Scientific Conveyor in scientific activity in the direction of the master's degree 37.04.02 "Conflictology" at St. Petersburg State University is described.
OntoMath Digital Ecosystem: Semantic Service and Mathematical Ontologies
Authors: Elizarov Aleksandr Mikhajlovich , Kirillovich Alexander Vitalevich , Lipachev Evgeny Konstantinovich , Nevzoova Olga Avenirovna
Published: November 2022

New directions of development of the digital ecosystem OntoMath, which is the technological basis of the digital mathematical library Lobachevskii DML, are presented. One of the directions is related to the development of specialized ontologies in the field of mathematics: new results of designing the ontology of professional mathematical knowledge OntoMathPRO and educational ontology OntoMathEdu are highlighted. The results are also given in the direction of creating services and tools for managing of digital mathematical collections.
Strategi Keberlanjutan Obyek Wisata Melalui Tata Lansekap Studi Kasus Desa Karangmalang Sragen
Authors: Wardhani Aminaturosyida Rahma , Musyawaroh Musyawaroh , Daryanto Tri Joko , Sumaryoto Sumaryoto , Mustaqimah Ummul , Suastika Made
Published: November 2022

This research focused on landscape design plan  to improve the sustainability of a tourist object. The method used is a programmed design which includes determining the problem, collecting relevant data and information, analyzing design decisions and ending with the determination of a landscape design plan. The data and information obtained consist of factual data, namely tourism activity programs, village tourism potential, landscape constraints for tourism sustainability, as well as normative data, namely spatial planning of tourist objects, sustainability principles, and landscape governance principles. The results of the analysis consist of determining the landscape theme, determining the type of vegetation design, and determining the variation of plant placement by criteria of tourism attributes and sustainability aspects.
Kajian Ketahanan Aspek Fisik Rumah Bali Aga dalam Merespons Covid-19 Studi Kasus Rumah Adat Desa Pedawa
Authors: Satria Made Wina , Prasandya Km. Deddy Endra , Salain Nyoman Ratih Prajnyani
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to formulate criteria and indicators for buildings that have resistance to covid-19, then study the physical aspects of the Pedawa Village traditional house building. This study is a mixed method study that integrates qualitative and quantitative methods. Interpretive criticism were used to formulate the criteria. Measurements with a 1-3 scale and JMP statistical analysis tool were used to formulate the conditions of physical aspects of the Pedawa Village traditional house. The result shows that there are three main criteria for Covid-19 responsive buildings, including utility, layout, and materials. The evaluation of the Pedawa Village traditional houses show that the house meets 12 of the 18 indicators of the covid-19 response house. These indicators include water supply, drainage, building orientation, ventilation direction, distance between buildings, site area, open space, building massing composition, and choice of materials and materials.
The Balinese Ethnic Community's Perceptions in Regards to Modifications in Denpasar's Residential Building Spatial Planning
Authors: Wijaya I Kadek Merta , Correia Mariana , Warnata I Nyoman , Sugihantara I Ketut
Published: November 2022

The increase influences changes in the spatial layout of Balinese ethnic residences in Denpasar in the number of family members, the growth in the community's economy, and the availability of residential yard land, which is decreasing. On the one hand, the Balinese ethnic community in Denpasar still has a perception of direction and orientation of significant (high) and obnoxious (low) values or luan and teben orientations as the forerunner to the spatial configuration of Balinese ethnic residences with the concept of zoning of the Sanga Mandala tread. This study aims to conceive of the Denpasar community's perception of the arrangement of residential houses amid increasing residential space needs. The method used is descriptive qualitative through empirical studies by conducting in-depth observations and interviews to understand the Denpasar community's understanding of structuring their homes. This study found that the Balinese ethnic community perceives changes in their homes' spatial layout based on literacy and adaptation; the Denpasar community understands the demands of residential space needs through a spatial transformation based on transformation spatial concepts of Balinese architecture.
Optimalisasi Konservasi Energi Bangunan Bertingkat melalui Pilihan Material Kaca sebagai Fasad
Authors: Utama Hari , Setyowati Erni
Published: November 2022

Box-shaped buildings covered by glass and minimal shading elements are increasingly common, then causes more large building energy consumption. This research aims to analyze the selection of the most optimal glass material for the Undip Integrated Laboratory Building, so that the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) of the building is expected to meet the SNI 6389:2020 standard. The research was conducted with an experimental quantitative approach using a spreadsheet calculator OTTV Microsoft Excel of the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. The simulation is divided into three treatment variations, namely variations in BNFL glass thickness; variations in the color of Panasap's glass; and various types of glass. The results show that glass materials with good thermal properties have low shading coefficient (SC), solar factor (SF), and U-value. In addition, the brighter and thicker the glass material, the better the thermal performance. The Undip Integrated Laboratory Building has a total OTTV that meets SNI 6389:2020 standards. However, if viewed partially, the OTTV of the east facade of the building needs to be retrofitted.
Dietary Pattern and Factors Influencing Dietary Intake among Pregnant Women Consuming Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Diets in Rural South India
Authors: Barney Anitha Mohanraj , Isaac Barney Thomas , Cherian Anne George , Abraham Vinod Joseph , Danda Sumita
Published: November 2022

Nutrition is a science that studies food and how food nourishes the body and influences health. A well-balanced nutrient rich maternal diet throughout pregnancy leads to good foetal health and normal birth weight. Maternal nutritional deficiency eventually leads to adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Hence, this study was undertaken with the objective to assess the dietary pattern and factors influencing dietary habits among pregnant women in Kaniyambadi Block, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and a 24 hour recall method was used among the 120 consecutive multi-gravida pregnant mothers less than 20 weeks of gestation who attended the mobile clinic from the 89 villages of Kaniyambadi Block. Twenty four hours recall assessment showed daily calorie intake of the mothers ranged from 583 to 3532 kcal. The daily mean intake of calcium and B12 were 800 mg and 1.5 mcg respectively. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) found that all the pregnant women in the study had consumed rice, dal, roots, fats and oils and salt over a one-week period. None of the mothers had consumed alcohol or carbonated drinks. Milk was the only vitamin B12 containing food that was consumed daily. Cultural and religious factors, morning sickness and unavailability of food were found to be the factors influencing dietary intake. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and 24 hour recall gave an insight into the dietary habits of rural pregnant women.
Knowledge and Attitude of Tribal Women towards Child Nutrition in Nashera Village, Palghar District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Sachdev Naisha , Patil Aastha , Sawant Sonali , Gawde Archana , Barve Siddhivinayak , Dhawal Pranjali
Published: November 2022

A survey based study was conducted to evaluate the baseline nutritional status of thirty nine women in the Nashera village of Maharashtra and to understand their knowledge and attitude towards nutrition. The underlying factors for lack of knowledge about nutrition or lack of education (49 %) among the demographic under study. In-depth interviews and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data reveal that income source (56 % were below national poverty line), and illiteracy (49 %) are the contributing factors for the reluctant attitudes of women towards nutrition. The majority of these women lack the information about malnutrition and its impact on child brain and physical development. Besides, many women in this community lack the perseverance and long-term commitment to address the problem related to child development. Apart from these challenges, the main limitation is the lack of access to food and connectivity of Nashera. Another part of the survey dealt with assessing the nutritional status of children between the ages 7-14 years. The data so obtained was used to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI), which was further applied to calculate per cent healthy, thin and severely thin kids from the village. Almost 65% (39% boys) of the children were considered malnourished. This study in totality represents the attitude of women towards malnutrition and their direct effect on child health and thereby suggests the need of nutritional intervention with respect to women's education, employment development, physical and physiological health of women and children.
Effect of Lactation on Nutritional Status in Urban Women from Low Middle Income Families
Authors: Goel Anshi , A. Thirumani Devi , K. Kalaivani , Ramachandran Prema
Published: November 2022

In India breast feeding is universal. Studies carried out in the 1980s have shown that in women from low income families, lactation during the first six months was associated with weight loss. Over time there has been substantial reduction in under-nutrition across all groups including lactating women and over-nutrition has emerged as a public health problem. A study was taken up to assess the impact of universal and prolonged lactation on nutritional status and adiposity in 2240 women from urban low middle income group; 83.5% were 18-29 years of age and 16.5% were 30 years or older. As lactating women had to meet the energy cost of milk production, they weighed less and had lower mean BMI, MUAC, HC and WC as compared to non-lactating women. Prevalence of under-nutrition was higher and over-nutrition was lower in lactating women as compared to non-lactating women. In this community, prevalence of under-nutrition was low and lactation was not associated with persistent deterioration in nutritional status in either of the age groups; identifying lactating women who are under-nourished, providing them with nutrition education and take home rations continuously and monitoring their improvement may result in steep reduction in under-nutrition rates. Prevalence of over-nutrition in lactating women especially in â‰¥ 30 year age group was high; over-nutrition rates increased with waning lactation. Nutrition and health education on importance of increasing physical activity and interventions to promote discretionary physical activity are urgently required to halt the rise in over-nutrition and risk of non-communicable diseases in these women.
Assessment of Micronutrient Intake of Primary School Children through Mid-Day Meal Scheme in Light of COVID-19 Pandemic in India
Authors: Chatterjee Abhijit
Published: November 2022

The planet is now suffering from COVID-19 pandemic. Since there is no vaccine available for this viral disease, a number of preventive measures including boosting immunity through nutrition have been gaining attention. As Government of India has recently increased the allocation of Mid-Day Meal (MDM) scheme to Rs 8,100 crore from Rs 7,300 crore to ensure the supply of food and nutrition to the beneficiaries amidst COVID-19 lockdown, a nutritional analysis of MDM offered in a rural school of West Tripura district, Tripura, India was performed to reveal that the diet lacks a number of micronutrients generally considered important for immunological function. The findings may help the competent authority for better decision making for usage of the enhanced budgetary allocation for MDM program under COVID-19 pandemic.
Energy Intake and Lifestyle Risk Factors among Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients
Authors: Parveen Ifrath , Prabhat Archana
Published: November 2022

Fatty liver disease is defined as more than 5% of the hepatocytes containing fat or increase in the liver weight due to fat. The most Important contributing factor to non-alcoholic liver disease is dietary habits, life style habits etc., The aim of the study is to find out the associated dietary and life style risk factors of non-alcoholic liver disease. One hundred and fifty hospitalized subjects were selected for treatment of non alcoholic liver disease at Father Muller's hospital in Mangalore. The required data were collected referring the case record of patients. A structured questionnaire with interview was used during data collection. Diet counseling was given. All the variables were analyzed using SPSS software. The consumption of calories and chiefly the carbohydrates and fats were more than their recommended allowances. Non alcoholic liver disease was more in males than their counterparts (females) and individuals above 45 years were likely to be victims of this disease. Sedentary life style habits had a significant association with non alcoholic liver disease. The study concludes that obesity with sedentary life style, high calorie intake, gender was the major risk factors. It was considerably more common among diabetes of age >40 years. Dyslipidemia was observed mainly in non alcoholic liver patients.
Effect of Germination and Fermentation on the Nutritional Profile of Wheat and Finger Millet from Organic and Non-Organic Sources
Authors: Devisetti Rajesh , Prakash Jamuna
Published: November 2022

Organic farming is believed to have better nutritional quality when compared to non-organic farming. The present study investigates the effect of germination and fermentation on nutritional and anti-nutritional quality of wheat and finger millet from organic (org) and non-organic (n-org) sources. Differences in nutritional composition between org and n-org were minimal in unprocessed samples, whereas, fat, protein and fiber contents were influenced upon processing. Fatty acid content varied significantly upon germination and fermentation, linoleic acid (37.06-38.78 %) was predominant in wheat. Oleic acid (34.02-35.84 %) was major in finger millet, germination resulted in increased oleic acid content (26-30%), while the rest were higher in fermented samples. Vitamin content differed significantly upon processing, higher content was observed in org samples and processing effects were similar for both grains with the exception of niacin. Processing had a significant effect on anti-nutritional factors like phytic acid, saponins and oxalic acid. Phytic acid content reduced upon germination (5-7 %) and fermentation (60-81 %). The nutritional profile of wheat and finger millet was influenced more by processing variables than by growing conditions.
Nutritional Profile of Cancer Patients: An observational Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Bhat Sagar S. , Nikooifard Rasa , Sigamani Alben , Gayathri Praveena Karnam , Gowda Santosh , Rao Srinivasa Gopala
Published: November 2022

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. So patient's condition affects their metabolism, muscle mass, body fat and the level of their energy. As a presumption cachexia, sarcopenia and fatigue affect the diagnosis and treatment process. In this study, cancer diagnosed patients, seen in out-patient (OP) department, admitted at day care for short treatment were invited to participate. The nutritional status was assessed using Karada Scanner, simple bioelectric impedance instrument. A standardized functional assessment of chronic illness therapy fatigue scale (FACT-G, version 4), 27-point scale questionnaire was administered to assess Cancer Related Fatigue (CRF). This pilot study provided a fresh positive correlation between the nutritional status of cancer patients and cancer related fatigue. BMI has significant positive correlation with total body fat % (P<0.05). In malnourished cancer patients, up to 70.6% fall under stage IV cancer with definite loss of weight, appetite or decrease in intake and fatigue presence. With Karada scanner in OP clinic, FACT-G can be useful tool to objectively measure CRF.
Effect of Differential Sieving of Amaranth, Buckwheat and Quinoa Flours on Antioxidant Properties of Flour Fractions
Authors: Ramesh Divya , Prakash Jamuna
Published: November 2022

Pseudocereals, namely, amaranth, buckwheat and quinoa are gluten-free grains with high bioactive components and antioxidant properties. Differential sieving is a common pre-processing technique to obtain coarse and fine flours for specific uses. The present study aimed at determining the content and activity of antioxidant components extracted in acidified methanol and aqueous media in differentially sieved pseudocereal flours. Further, the antioxidant components were characterized and measured in each flour fraction. Buckwheat grain and its fractions showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content. Overall, the bioactive compounds were majorly present in fine flour fraction followed by whole and coarse flour. Free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power was highest in quinoa flour fractions. Ferulic acid was predominant in amaranth and buckwheat, whereas for quinoa, it was gallic acid and catechin. The pseudocereal flours were rich sources of antioxidant components and showed considerable antioxidant activity, though there were wide variations in each of the flour fractions. Differential sieving influenced the antioxidant properties significantly and finer fractions appeared to be richer in antioxidant components. Quantification of phenolic compounds in this study describes the compositional distribution in flour fractions of pseudocereals along with assessment of their antioxidant potential using multiple assays. This would help in better understanding of antioxidant properties of pseudocereals and their potential utilization for development of products with improved nutritional profile. The pseudocereal flours can serve as functional food ingredients for development of novel products.
Study of Colonization of Pathogenic Bacteria on Raw Eggshells
Authors: Ghosh Neon , Bhattacharyya Sayan , Pati Rama Ranjan , Raj Atul , Banik Amit
Published: November 2022

Raw and semi-boiled eggs can be source of food borne infections like typhoid. A study of bacterial colonization of raw eggshells is hence very important, but very few studies are available in this aspect from this part of the country. Hundred randomly selected raw eggshell samples were cultured on selective and enrichment media, and also liquid anaerobic culture. It was found that mostly the shells were contaminated by coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, and rarely by Salmonella typhii. Anaerobic culture also showed Clostridium-like bacteria in some. This is an important finding and more such studies are required regarding this.
Optimization and Development of Wheat Grass based Antioxidant Rich Spread by Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: N. M. Jabeen , N. Devanna , Yadav Pooja , G. Phani Kumar
Published: November 2022

The aim of the study was to develop antioxidant rich wheatgrass based spread by using response surface technology as a statistical tool. Ingredients like lyophilized wheat grass powder, apple pulp and beetroot pulp were chosen as independent variables. While, overall acceptability (OAA), cohesiveness and hardness were considered as dependent variables. Physico-chemical and phytochemical parameters like texture profiles, water activity, pH, acidity, moisture, fat, protein, ash content, DPPH activity, total polyphenols, total flavonoids and microbial counts for coli forms, yeast and molds were determined for the optimized spread. Wheatgrass based antioxidant rich spread contains more natural antioxidants with good sensory and textural properties. Shelf-life studies of optimized spread showed high significance (p<0.05%) in nutritional constituents and sensory constituents were observed to expect acidity and pH during the six months storage. The microbial population was not found in stored sample and product showed stability for six months at room temperature.
Protein Intakes in Rural India – Implications of Protein Quality
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Sulagna , Kurpad Anura V. , Kuriyan Rebecca
Published: November 2022

A prevalence of 18% Low Birth Weight (LBW), 38% stunting in <5y children, and 18% sarcopenia in adults have been recently reported in India. These could partly be due to a poor-quality protein intake, which could support positive birth outcomes, linear growth in children and maintenance of the adult skeletal muscle mass with appropriate exercise. Quality protein is a highly digestible protein with adequate quantity of Indispensable Amino Acids (IAA). The measurement of risk of deficient quality protein intake requires knowledge of IAA requirements and their digestibility from different food proteins. The present analyses, using dietary intake data of different age groups from the latest National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau rural survey, showed that the protein quality of rural Indian diets was suboptimal and had considerable impact on the risk of quality protein deficiency, which varied from 14 to 80% among different age groups. Modest additions of animal source foods (such as milk and egg) could alleviate the risk of quality protein deficiency in the population. Dietary protein quality should be considered while evaluating dietary interventions and framing the policy of supplementary nutrition programs for vulnerable populations.
Phytochemicals as Antioxidants
Authors: S. P. Thyagarajan
Published: November 2022

Overproduction of oxidants (reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species) in the human body is responsible for the pathogenesis of some diseases. The scavenging of these oxidants is thought to be an effective measure to depress the level of oxidative stress of organisms. Antioxidant phytochemicals can be found in many foods and medicinal plants and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress. Phytochemicals are the chemicals extracted from plants. These chemicals are classified as primary or secondary constituents, depending on their role in plant metabolism. Antioxidants are secondary constituents or metabolites found naturally in the body and in plants such as fruits and vegetables. An antioxidant can be defined in simple terms as anything that inhibits or prevents oxidation of a susceptible substrate. Generation of free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) during metabolism and other activities beyond the antioxidant capacity of a biological system gives rise to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a role in heart diseases, malaria, neurodegenerative diseases, AIDS, cancer and in the aging process. Antioxidants may be preventive antioxidants and chain breaking antioxidants. Preventive antioxidants inhibit oxidation by reducing the rate of chain initiation. Natural antioxidants are found to have higher antioxidant activity when compared with that of the synthetic ones. The most publicized phytochemicals with antioxidant properties have been vitamin C, vitamin E and beta-carotene. In view of the laboratory based and clinical findings, the most prudent and scientifically supportable recommendation for the general population is to consume a balanced diet with emphasis on antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables and whole grains as well as some medicinal plants more frequently because they contain many antioxidant phytochemicals. In the future, more antioxidant phytochemicals in foods and medicinal plants should be separated and identified, and their bioactivities and the mechanism of action should be studied further.
A Scoping Review on the Impact of Nutrition and Counseling in the Prevention and Management of Cancer
Authors: K. B. Chathyushya , J.J Babu Geddam , J. P. Devaraj , B. Santosh Kumar
Published: November 2022

Cancer is one of the complicated diseases that occur due to the mutations in the genes which are influenced by multiple factors and about 30% of all cancer cases are linked to dietary habits. Nutritional status of the host is an important factor that impacts the management of disease progression. Various macro and micronutrients, along with antioxidants, play an essential role in pre and post-treatment and even on the onset of disease. Cancer treatments like chemo and radio therapy results to severe side effects like nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting and stomatitis, disturbing intake of food and absorption of nutrients which in turn cause malnutrition, cancer cachexia and/or other nutrition disorders. Though nutrition plays a vital role in disease management and progression, patients may have very little or no idea about nutrition therapies and its impacts on their health improvement. To prevent or minimize the development of malnutrition or its associated disorders in patients suffering from cancer, nutrition screening, assessment and intervention are crucial. The review aims to focus on the impact of nutrition and various nutrients along with nutrition care process for the management of disease in various cancers.
Micronutrient Status of the Selected Transgenders
Authors: P. Deepika , R. Balasasirekha
Published: November 2022

According to Hindu mythology the supreme beings of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvathi join and emerge as the almighty Ammaiyappan, these divine beings combine to take the form "half male and half female”-Arthanaareeshwara. The present study flashes light upon the micronutrient status of the transgender individuals. The study was conducted in Coimbatore and Tiruppur picking up a sample size of 147 and was selected by convenience and purposive sampling method. Written questionnaire was the tool used to gather data from the participants. The participants were assessed for their micronutrient status, nutritional status and dietary habits, physical and mental health. The dietary habits found out on enquiry include their general eating habits, food allergies, likes and dislikes on food. It was discovered that they consumed non vegetarian food (100%), road side food (100%), junk food (75%) and an average of 2 meals, 2 snack and 1 beverage a day. The micronutrient status was found to be low (0-40) for nearly all participants as assessed with vitastiq. The deficiency symptoms noticed on clinical examination are sparse / thin hair (27.3%), inattentiveness (22.1%) and mild anaemia (12.9%). The BMI of the participants indicated that 42.2% were obese, 26.5% were overweight, 8.2% were under weight and 23.1% were normal. On a general note, participants had very poor physical health due to their sedentary life style neglecting exercise and yogic practices in their day to day life. They did not show mental fitness due to equal per cent of sexual and verbal harassment. Even on consumption on balanced meal they show low nutritional status which may be attributed to stress, poor hygiene and sanitation, lack of medical facilities and nutritional intervention programs. Hence the nutritional status of the transgender needs to be improved.