bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Вплив епоксиконазолу на гематологічні та цитохімічні показники периферичної крові щурів Wistar Hannover
Authors: Usenko T. V. , Shulyak V. G.
Published: May 2018

Introduction. Epoxiconazole is a highly effective triazole fungicide. It is a part of many modern compounds for the control of phytopathogens. Widely used in agriculture in all over the world and in Ukraine, in particular. Despite its hepatotoxic characteristics, this fungicide alters the hematological parameters of blood.The aim of the study – to investigate the effects of generic triazole fungicide epoxiconazole, 95% on hematological and cytochemical parameters of peripheral blood of Wistar Hannover rats in acute experiment.Research Methods. 10 healthy males of Wistar Han rats were equally divided into control (0 mg/kg/bw) and experimental groups. Dose 1580 mg/kg/bw of epoxiconazole (1/2 LD50) was administrated once orally by gavage to 5 experimental rats. Peripheral blood was studied at 0 and 1, 3, 7, 14 day after exposure (DAE). RBC, HGB, HCT, erytrocyte indices MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC and PLT were, hemogram and morphological disturbances of cells were studied,percentage ratio of different types of leukocytes was calculated.The cytochemical status of leukocytes was assessed on the basis of determining the enzymatic activity of specific naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetateterase in neutrophils, succinate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase in lymphocytes.Results and Discussion. Erythrocytosis in response to pesticide intoxication with a decrease of mean cellhemoglobin concentration in one erythrocyte; the reduction of hemoglobin concentration in the end of experiment against the background of active polychromasia confirmed the anemic effect of epoxiconazole. Reactive neutrophilia, stimulation of lymphocytopoiesis and monocytopoiesis, appearance of macrophages in the peripheral blood, increased activity of naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetateterase, succinate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase were considered as compensatory mechanisms. Reverse quantitative changes in the ratio of lymphocytes subpopulations based on the activity of acid phosphatase were noted.Conclusions. Results of the study of generic fungicide epoxiconazole, 95% hematotoxic activity in the acute experiment on Wistar Hannover male rats showed the development of latent anemia, which was manifested in the late-term study; activation of monocytopoesis; increase of macrophages in the peripheral blood; changes in the immune response of the body and the appearance of atypical normocytes and lymphocytes with nuclear abnormalities.
Вивчення складу біологічно активних речовин і гемостатичних властивостей рідкого екстракту кукурудзи стовпчиків з приймочками для використання в акушерстві та гінекології
Authors: Кarpiuk U. V. , Seredynskaya N. N. , Kyslychenko V. S.
Published: May 2018

Introduction. Uterine bleeding is an important social and economic problem. Herba drugs are used both in folk and in evidence medicine for atony of the uterus and uterine bleeding. Therefore, the development and research of herbal preparations with a hemostatic effect for use in uterine bleeding is an important issue.The aim of the study – to conduct a phytochemical study of the liquid extract of corn silk, as well as study its hemostatic effect.Research Methods. Phytochemical study of qualitative composition and quantitative content of biologically active substances of liquid extract of cron silk was carried out by qualitative reactions, spectrophotometric and titrimetric methods. A study of the hemostatic effect of a liquid extract of corn silk was carried out on outbred, mature white female rats on a model of capillary bleeding from a cut wound of the uterus. The preparation of the comparison was an extract of water pepper.Results and Discussion. Sugars, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins were identified in the liquid extract of corn silk. It was determined that the sum of polyphenols in the liquid extract of corn silk is (8.0±0.51) %, tannins – (1.4±0.03) %, flavonoids – (2.35±0.07) %, hydroxycinnamic acids – (3.3±0.23) %, organic acids – (3.23±0.46) % by the quantitative methods of investigation. As a result of prophylactic administration of a liquid extract of corn silk to female rats, the duration of capillary bleeding from the cut cervical wound was significantly reduced. The haemostatic activity of the reference preparation was somewhat lower.Conclusions. The conducted researches give grounds to assert about the prospects and the need for further research of the hemostatic effect of the liquid extract of corn silk.
Вплив яблучного пектину на окремі біохімічні та гематологічні показники алкоголізованих тварин
Authors: Sheremeta L. M. , Haynuk L. M.
Published: May 2018

Introduction. the problem of acute and chronic alcohol intoxications is worldwide because of related injury and high mortality. Medical record protocols include absorbents among other medicines used in treatment of such poisonings.The aim of the study – to investigate the effect of apple pectin on hematological and some biochemical parameters of blood serum in acutely alcoholated rats and compare it with standard enterosorbents used in the clinic for acute alcohol poisoning.Recearch Methods. Experiments were conducted on 65 white outbred rats weighing 180–200 g, which were modeled acute alcohol intoxication by  introducing into the stomach 40 % solution of ethanol in a dose of 2 ml/100 g body weight. The influence of apple pectin (in dose 0.2 g/100 g of body  weight),and referenceagents (activated charcoal and silicon dioxide – 0.25 g and 0.05 g/100 g respectively) on biochemical and hematological parameters was estimated by changes in hemoglobin levels and the number of erythrocytes, glucose, cholesterol, and transaminase activity in serum.Results and Discussion. It was found that apple pectin when given in the stomach 30 min. before and an hour after the introduction of ethanol normalizes the level of red blood cells and hemoglobin (p˃0.05 compared to intact and other treated groups, but exceeded the level of those indicators by 18.5 % and 15.6 % in untreated animals respectively), improves the lipid (cholesterol) and hydrocarbon (glucose) metabolism and reduces the hepatocytecytolysis: the use of apple pectin in alcoholated rats lowered the activity of AsAT by 19.4 % and activity of AlAT by 16.6 % versus in treated with activated charcoal animals. At the same time mentioned effects were equated with those for the use of “white coal”.Conclusion. According to the determined indicators, the efficiency of pectin is equal to standard adsorbents used as reference products, and in some cases, predominates them.
Вплив питної води з різним вмістом стеаратів калію і натрію на вільнорадикальні процеси в організмі щурів
Authors: Lototska O. V.
Published: May 2018

Introduction One of the reasons for the lack of quality drinking water is the poor quality of natural water, which is constantly polluted by waste water from industrial and municipal enterprises, surface runoff from the fields and territories of settlements with which it enters a large amount of toxic substances. Among them, surface-active substances such as potassium and sodium stearate are not the last.The aim of the study to determine the specifics of lipid peroxidation and the state of the antioxidant protection under the influence of potassium and sodium stearates on the body of the experimental rats when they enter with drinking water.Research Methods. White rats were divided into 7 groups, which consumed water with stearates in quantities equal to the maximum non-active dose of the substance (MND), 1/2 MND and 1/4 MND for 25 days. The content of TBC-active lipid peroxidation products, diene conjugates and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in liver homogenate were determined.Results and Discussion. In the homogenate of the liver of animals of all groups, there was a significant increase in the level of diene conjugates and TBK-active products in proportion to the concentration of the substance. It was also found that in animals that consumed water with different concentrations of potassium stearate, inhibition of antioxidant enzymes was observed. Consumption of water with different concentrations of sodium stearate caused the activation of these enzymes.Conclusions. Prolonged use by test animals of aqueous solution with  concentrations of potassium and sodium stearate in MND and 1/2 MND negatively affects the state of hepatocyte cell membranes due to the activation of the lipid peroxidation processes, namely TBK-active products and diene conjugates, the amount of which depended on the concentration of stearates in drinking water. The use of drinking water by test animals with maintenance of potassium and sodium stearates at various doses caused changes in the content of antioxidant enzymes: water with potassium stearate inhibits the activity of these indicators, and causes sodium activation with sodium stearate.
The Bakru Speaks
Authors: Pires Rogério Brittes W. , Strange Stuart Earle , Mello Marcelo Moura
Published: May 2018

Throughout the Guianas, people of all ethnicities fear one particular kind of demonic spirit. Called baccoo in Guyana, bakru in coastal Suriname, and bakulu or bakuu among Saamaka and Ndyuka Maroons in the interior, these demons offer personal wealth in exchange for human life. Based on multisited ethnography in Guyana and Suriname, this paper analyzes converging and diverging conceptions of the “same” spirit among several Afro- and Indo-Guianese populations. We argue that transformations in how people conceptualize bakulu reveal how supposedly radical moral differences are constructed within and between populations in the multi-ethnic Caribbean. More than figurative projections of monetized inequality or racial and ethnic prejudices, baccoo actively mediate how people throughout the Guianas think about and experience the everyday conduct of economic and racial relations.
Inocybe pakistanensis, a new species in section Rimosae s. str. from Pakistan
Authors: ULLAH ZIA , JABEEN SANA , AHMAD HABIB , KHALID ABDUL NASIR
Published: May 2018

Inocybe pakistanensis is described and illustrated as a new species based on morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions along with larger subunit (LSU). The distinctive basidiomata have a highly rimose and fibrillose golden brown pileus with a reddish brown, prominent umbo; ellipsoid to amygdaliform, slightly phasoeliform smooth basidiospores; and clamped septa in all the tissues. Molecular phylogenetic analysis supports the placement of I. pakistanensis in section Rimosae s. str.
initiation of convective clouds due to static firing of the Saturn V first stage
Authors: Morris David G.
Published: May 2018

The development of large convective clouds in the superheated air generated by static tests of the Saturn V first stage is described. For two booster firings at the Mississippi Test Facility, timed photographs, eyewitness observations, and rawinsonde runs taken close to the area of cloud formation are presented. It is concluded that when meteorological conditions in the lower atmosphere allow for cumulus growth through appreciable depths, a Saturn V booster captive firing will initiate convection and afford one a unique opportunity to study thermal genesis.
the 1968 Barbados Experiment
Authors: Garstang Michael , La Seur N. E.
Published: May 2018

An intensive experiment in tropical meteorology with emphasis upon the interaction of the atmosphere, the ocean and the land will be centered upon the island of Barbados, West Indies, during the summer of 1968. The scientific objectives of this program are outlined, and the means by which these objectives are expected to be attained are described in terms of instrumentation and systems development that has been carried out over the past two years. The role and importance of such experiments in the tropical atmosphere is emphasized.
on the prevention of lighting
Authors: Stow C. D.
Published: May 2018

The destructive nature of cloud-to-ground lightning strokes is well known. Loss of life and damage to buildings and other man-made structures may to a large extent be prevented by the judicial use of lightning conductors and screens but no comparable protection may be offered to expanses of agricultural crops or forests. According to Fuquay (1967) lightning is the greatest single cause of forest fires in the western United States: during the period 1946–1962, 140,000 such fires occurred causing severe losses of timber, wildlife, watershed, and recreational resources. Comparable losses occur regularly in other parts of the world. The only solution is the suppression or modification of cloud-to-ground lightning discharges. Methods of suppression are described, some of which may turn out to be practical ways of achieving this aim.
Global Monsoon Precipitation: Trends, Leading Modes, and Associated Drought and Heat Wave in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Deng Kaiqiang , Yang Song , Ting Mingfang , Tan Yaheng , He Shan
Published: May 2018

Global monsoon precipitation (GMP) brings the majority of water for the local agriculture and ecosystem. The Northern Hemisphere (NH) GMP shows an upward trend over the past decades, while the trend in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) GMP is weak and insignificant. The first three singular value decomposition modes between NH GMP and global SST during boreal summer reflect, in order, the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño, and central Pacific (CP) El Niño, when the AMO dominates the NH climate and contributes to the increased trend. However, the first three modes between SH GMP and global SST during boreal winter are revealed as EP El Niño, the AMO, and CP El Niño, when the EP El Niño becomes the most significant driver of the SH GMP, and the AMO-induced rainfall anomalies may cancel out each other within the SH global monsoon domain and thus result in a weak trend. The intensification of NH GMP is proposed to favor the occurrences of droughts and heat waves (HWs) in the midlatitudes through a monsoon–desert-like mechanism. That is, the diabatic heating associated with the monsoonal rainfall may drive large-scale circulation anomalies and trigger intensified subsidence in remote regions. The anomalous descending motions over the midlatitudes are usually accompanied by clear skies, which result in less precipitation and more downward solar radiation, and thus drier and hotter soil conditions that favor the occurrences of droughts and HWs. In comparison, the SH GMP may exert much smaller impacts on the NH extremes in spring and summer, probably because the winter signals associated with SH GMP cannot sufficiently persist into the following seasons.
Emotions, Terrorist Threat, and Drones: Anger Drives Support for Drone Strikes
Authors: Fisk Kerstin , Merolla Jennifer L. , Ramos Jennifer M.
Published: May 2018

In this article, we investigate how threat perceptions and emotions can jointly impact individuals’ attitudes toward drone strikes. We argue that conditions of threat can increase public support for the use of drone strikes. We further contend that the effect of threat perceptions on support for drone strikes is mediated by negative, emotional reactions, particularly anger. We test our arguments in France, the United States, and Turkey using data generated from nationally representative online surveys, in which individuals were randomly assigned to a control group, a condition in which they read about terrorist threat (with or without a reminder of democratic values), or a condition in which they read about economic threats. Our findings have implications for long-standing notions about the roles of rational calculations and psychological processes in influencing support for aggressive foreign policy.
Going underground
Authors: Belgioioso Margherita
Published: May 2018

When and why do groups participating in mass dissent choose to initiate terrorist campaigns? I argue that groups involved in civil wars and mass civil resistance might face similar organizational pressures, which encourage the initiation of terrorism due to higher tactical effectiveness. Internal organizational pressure might depend on leaders’ expectations of a decline in followers’ commitment with protracted use of mass tactics. This is likely to motivate leaders to initiate terrorist campaigns to secure organizational survival. External organizational pressures might depend on increasing dissident campaigns’ fragmentation. This intensifies competition making leaders more likely to initiate terrorism so as to establish themselves at the forefront of their movements. The findings provide empirical support consistent with my claims and indicate no significant difference between civil wars and mass civil resistance movements with regards to these effects. Contrary to the common idea that the use of conventional violence should entail a higher willingness to engage in illegal violence against non-combatants, this finding suggests that conflict dynamics affect the decision to initiate terrorism and that terrorist campaigns have a coherent strategic logic across different types of mass dissent.
Using NiGEM in uncertain times: Introduction and overview of NiGEM
Authors: Hantzsche Arno , Lopresto Marta , Young Garry
Published: May 2018

This paper introduces a special issue of the Review on how the National Institute Global Econometric Model (NiGEM) is being used to navigate uncertain times. NiGEM is the leading global macroeconomic model, used by both policy-makers and the private sector across the globe for economic forecasting, scenario building and stress testing. The paper summarises the main features of NiGEM and describes some standard model simulations to illustrate how the model responds to monetary, fiscal and technology shocks.
The nature of the shock matters: NiGEM estimations of the macroeconomic effects of recent dollar and euro fluctuations
Authors: Haincourt Sophie
Published: May 2018

Exchange rate fluctuations have been particularly large since mid-2014, displaying divergent developments across the period. The nominal effective exchange rate of the dollar has appreciated by 15 per cent since June 2014, masking a 25 per cent appreciation to December 2016 followed by a depreciation of 8 per cent. Changes in the euro have turned positive after being negative. This article attempts to measure the impact of currency changes on domestic activity, accounting for the source of fluctuations. More specifically, by using the multi-country structural model NiGEM, we show that different types of exchange rate shocks can have different macroeconomic outcomes. Focusing on the period from January 2017 to February 2018, we show that the depreciation of the dollar, stemming mostly from changes in sentiment in foreign exchange markets, would in fact have been detrimental to US growth. A weaker currency, in this particular case, turned out to be no recipe for stronger growth. Similarly, the appreciation of the euro, triggered by a fall in the risk premium of the currency, may have been positive for growth. There are caveats to the exercise, but the results are nonetheless consistent with previous research pointing to the importance of the nature of the exchange rate shocks in estimating their impact on prices and growth.
Influence of some structural parameters on the dielectric behavior of materials for textile antennas
Authors: Loss Caroline , Gonçalves Ricardo , Pinho Pedro , Salvado Rita
Published: May 2018

Knowledge of the electromagnetic properties of textile materials is crucial in order to design wearable antennas. Despite the growth of research studies on textile antennas, the accurate characterization of the dielectric properties of the materials is still a challenge due to the intrinsic inhomogeneity and deformability of textiles. In this work, 11 textile materials were characterized using the resonator-based experimental technique. The results obtained using this method have shown that when positioning the roughest face of the Material Under Test (MUT) in contact with the resonator board, the extracted dielectric constant (ɛ r) value is lower than the one extracted with this face positioned upside-down. Based on this observation, superficial properties of textiles were investigated. Thus, this paper relates the results of the dielectric characterization to some structural parameters of textiles, such as surface roughness and surface and bulk porosity. The results show that both surface roughness and surface porosity of the samples influence the measurements, through the positioning of the probes. Further, the influence of the positioning of the dielectric material on the performance of textile microstrip antennas was analyzed. For this, 12 prototypes of microstrip patch antennas were developed and tested. The results show that, despite the differences obtained in the characterization when placing the face or reverse-sides of the MUT in contact with the resonator board, the obtained average result of ɛ r is well suited to design antennas, ensuring a good performance.
Is Teen Risk of Having Sex With Strangers Associated With Family Environment? Family Processes, Household Structure, and Adolescent Sex With Strangers
Authors: Pain Emily
Published: May 2018

Research on family contexts and adolescent sexual risk behavior has largely neglected relational aspects of sexual risk, such as having sex with strangers. The present study uses the NLSY97 to examine associations between sexually active adolescents’ sex with strangers and parental monitoring, support, strictness, and household structure. More than 12% of the sample report having sex with a stranger within the past year (19% of boys and 5% of girls). Generalized estimating equation models indicate that high monitoring and strictness may have protective effects for risk of sex with strangers, whereas inconsistent parenting styles and living in biological-father/stepmother homes may increase this risk. Boys appear to respond more strongly to parental strictness than girls, and mothers’ parenting processes may matter more for risk of sex with strangers than fathers’. These findings suggest there are gendered ways that healthy family contexts might reduce adolescents’ risk of sex with strangers.
Strategies to Avoid Replication Failure With Evidence-Based Prevention Interventions: Case Examples From the Strengthening Families Program
Authors: Kumpfer Karol L. , Scheier Lawrence M. , Brown Jaynie
Published: May 2018

Research has found disturbing long-term effects of poor parenting on children’s behavioral health including addiction, delinquency, depression/anxiety, and poorer health as adults. Poor parenting practices thus contribute substantially to the health crisis in America. However, skilled, nurturing parents, or caretakers can help youth avoid these developmental problems. A number of family and parenting evidence-based interventions (EBIs) that teach parenting skills are now available for dissemination. Unfortunately, replications of EBIs do not always produce the original positive results. Organizations that seek to use family EBIs to improve parenting and family skills need to avoid practices that create replication failure. We examine several possible factors that contribute to replication failure using examples from five replications of the EBI “Iowa Strengthening Families Program for ages 10–14.” We then share six strategies conducive to avoid replication failures including (1) choosing the right program and implementation strategy for the population, (2) administering the right “dosage,” (3) choosing and properly training implementers, (4) maintaining program integrity and adherence, (5) ensuring cultural sensitivity, and (6) ensuring accurate and complete reporting of evaluation results. These guidelines can advance prevention science to meet the demands of a growing public health agenda.
Chronic contained abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture causing vertebral erosion
Authors: Nguyen Tran-Thuy , Le Ngoc-Thanh , Doan Quoc-Hung
Published: May 2018

Erosion of vertebral bodies by an abdominal aortic aneurysm is extremely rare. Chronic contained rupture can cause difficulties in diagnosis because there are many clinical presentations: back pain, sciatic pain, or an expansive abdominal mass. Computed tomography is the gold-standard diagnostic tool. We report the case of a 49-year-old man who suffered from back pain because of a chronic ruptured aortic aneurysm.
“I Became a Lioness”
Authors: Frederick Jennifer K. , Stewart Abigail J.
Published: May 2018

Feminist identity is a powerful predictor of activism on behalf of women. However, little is known about how feminist identity develops worldwide, either in terms of social identity theory or the stage model of feminist identity development. Moreover, some women’s movement advocates view feminism with suspicion, as focused only on concerns of a narrow group of women. For this study, 45 women’s movement activists from China, India, Nicaragua, Poland, and the United States were interviewed as part of the Global Feminisms Project. Participants’ personal narratives were examined to identify themes activists used to describe their own feminist identity development. The six themes that emerged were education, social relationships, gender-based injustice, violence, activism, and emotion. Alternating least squares analysis of the concurrence of these themes revealed four pathways to feminist identity: (1) education, (2) social relationships and gender-based injustice, (3) violence, and (4) activism and emotion. These findings suggest that individuals come to feminist identity in different ways. Instructors aiming to encourage understanding of women’s movement activism should point to these different pathways, and feminist activists seeking to promote feminist identity development should consider different approaches to successfully engaging people. Online slides and a podcast for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index
A Liberation Health Approach to Examining Challenges and Facilitators of Peer-to-Peer Human Milk Sharing
Authors: McCloskey Rebecca J. , Karandikar Sharvari
Published: May 2018

Background:

Human milk sharing between peers is a common and growing practice. Although human milk has been unequivocally established as the ideal food source for infants, much stigma surrounds the practice of human milk sharing. Furthermore, there is little research examining peer-to-peer human milk sharing.

Research Aim:

We used the liberation health social work model to examine the experiences of mothers who have received donated human milk from a peer. Research questions were as follows: (a) What challenges do recipient mothers experience in peer-to-peer human milk sharing? (b) What supports do recipient mothers identify in peer-to-peer human milk sharing?

Methods:

Researchers conducted in-depth interviews with mothers ( N = 20) in the United States and Canada who were recipients of peer-to-peer human milk sharing. Researchers independently reviewed transcripts and completed open, axial, and selective coding. The authors discussed conflicts in theme identification until agreement was reached.

Results:

Challenges to peer-to-peer human milk sharing were (a) substantial effort required to secure human milk; (b) institutional barriers; (c) milk bank specific barriers; and (d) lack of societal awareness and acceptance of human milk sharing. Facilitators included (a) informed decision making and transparency and (b) support from healthcare professionals.

Conclusion:

Despite risks and barriers, participants continued to pursue peer-to-peer human milk sharing. Informed by a liberation health framework, healthcare professionals—rather than universally discouraging human milk sharing between peers—should facilitate open dialogue with parents about the pros and cons of this practice and about screening recommendations to promote safety and mitigate risk.
Cooperative near-space interceptor mid-course guidance law with terminal handover constraints
Authors: Zhang Haoqiang , Tang Shengjing , Guo Jie
Published: May 2018

A cooperative problem in mid-course guidance phase is addressed in this paper. For providing suitable initial conditions of successful terminal salvo attack, a novel finite-time cooperative mid-course guidance law with terminal handover constraints is proposed. Firstly, a three-dimensional guidance model of mid-course is decoupled in a planar line-of-sight frame as a two-point boundary value problem. The terminal handover constraints which can guarantee an ideal zero effort terminal engagement are proposed and analyzed. Secondly, the design of the cooperative mid-course guidance law is separated into two stages. The acceleration commands along the line-of-sight direction are developed based on the finite-time average-consensus protocol and super-twisting algorithm in the first stage. In the second stage, the model predictive static programming method is adopted to solve the two-point boundary value problem in line-of-sight frame with a known final time from first stage. Furthermore, sliding mode control theory is used in combination with model predictive static programming method to satisfy terminal handover constraints with bounded perturbation. Finally, numerical simulations of two four-interceptor cooperative scenario are carried out to verify the validity of the proposed cooperative guidance law. The simulation results reflect that all the four interceptors can reach their own predictive interception points with specific approach angles simultaneously.
FADSat: A system engineering tool for the conceptual design of geostationary Earth orbit satellites platform
Authors: Mirshams Mehran , Zabihian Ehsan
Published: May 2018

With regard to the increasing use of satellites platform in the geostationary orbit, a system engineering tool, FADSat, has been developed to reduce the prohibitive cost and time of their conceptual design phase. The proposed tool effectively conducts the design of the geostationary Earth orbit satellite platform lying in the mass range of 1–7000 kg. The main feature of the FADSat is to determine the conceptual design of the satellite platform with both high time performance and acceptable accuracy. Using this tool, one can readily extract the characteristics of the structure, attitude determination and control, command and data handling, electrical power, and other subsystems of a satellite. The FADSat exploits a statistical design model in the first instance to yield a rough estimation of the satellite design, i.e. a rapid extraction of the budgets for mass, power, and dimensions of the satellite subsystems as well as the cost of the satellite. Then, using a parametric design model approach, it performs subsystems design more accurately and ascertains their component specifications in terms of a catalog of products with corresponding manufacturers. A database of 462 geostationary Earth orbit communication satellites (with 30 different geostationary Earth orbit satellites platforms (launched from 2000 to 2017 has been used in this paper to implement the statistical design model approach. This tool developed in the LabVIEW software is capable of contributing to the satellite production phases as a connection to the hardware simulators of different subsystems. Herein, after describing the general concepts utilized in the satellite design, we have introduced various parts and relations of the FADSat tool. The tool’s accuracy was amply verified through flight prototypes, indicating an average error of 15% in the obtained results.
The laureate as celebrity genius: How Scientific American’s John Horgan profiled Nobel Prize winners
Authors: Fahy Declan
Published: May 2018

When scientists become Nobel laureates, they become famous in science and public life, but few studies have examined the nature of their scientific celebrity. This article examines how Scientific American portrayed laureates in order to identify and explain core features of Nobel fame. It examines the portrayals of seven laureates – Francis Crick, Linus Pauling, Hans Bethe, Murray Gell-Mann, Brian Josephson, Philip Anderson and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – in magazine profiles written between 1992 and 1995 by science writer John Horgan. Its textual analysis finds the scientists are portrayed as combining the sociological characteristics of genius, including enormous productivity and lasting impact, with the representational characteristics of celebrities, such as the merging of public and private lives. Their form of scientific celebrity is grounded in their field-changing research, which is presented as a product of their idiosyncratic personalities. Nobel science is presented as knowledge created by an ultra-elite of exceptional individuals.
Changing Theory and Changing Practice
Authors: Grosser Charles F.
Published: May 2018

The issues in the current dispute between the traditionalists and the innovators in social work portend the emergence of new practice
The Existential Casework Relationship
Authors: Sinsheimer Robert B.
Published: May 2018

The therapeutic encounter is not a special method of treatment but an attitudinal framework within which the caseworker functions
Social Work and Private Industry
Authors: Hanlan Archie , Jacobs Sydney
Published: May 2018

Voluntary agencies should contract with industrial organizations to provide services in a collaborative effort to alleviate some salient aspects of poverty
Implementing the Objectives of Family Planning Programs
Authors: Meier Gitta
Published: May 2018

Publicity, orientation, and other means of increasing understanding and interest in family planning must be geared to reducing suspicion and fear
Collective Bargaining in Voluntary Agencies
Authors: Hush Howard
Published: May 2018

The impact of a union contract as the operating authority in place of the board of directors, the personnel committee, or the administrative staff members
The Relation between Diagnosis and Treatment in Casework
Authors: Mullen Edward J.
Published: May 2018

A report of the examination of the relationship between twenty-seven client diagnostic variables and eleven treatment procedures in family counseling
Therapeutic Aspects of Reminiscence
Authors: Liton Judith , Olstein Sara C.
Published: May 2018

Stimulating remembrances helps senile patients sustain awareness of their personalities and recapture valued parts of their self-image
Reverie on Working with the Aged
Authors: Soyer David
Published: May 2018

Serving elderly clients gives caseworkers an opportunity to test, temper, and affirm one of the core beliefs of the social work profession
The Social Health Technician: A New Occupation
Authors: Adelson Gerald , Kovner Anthony R.
Published: May 2018

Given the present demand for service and the lack of qualified workers, new occupational categories are needed within the scope of social work practice
Family Life Education for Public School Teachers
Authors: Cantoni Lucile
Published: May 2018

A family agency conducts a training program to assist teachers with differing academic backgrounds in developing effective family life classes
Practitioners and Research: First Questions
Authors: Berleman William C.
Published: May 2018

To a practitioner whose services are a multifaceted variable, research may be a challenge to his philosophic base, treatment competence, and ethical sense
A Theoretical Model of Social Agency Development
Authors: Perlmutter Felice
Published: May 2018

It is postulated that a social welfare agency passes through three stages of development from self-interest to professionalism and then to societal interests
A Study of Relatives’ Views of State Mental Hospital Patients
Authors: Pokorny Alex D. , Bentinck Catherine
Published: May 2018

Exploration of the relationship between relatives’ views of patients and judgments of professional examiners of same patients reveals congruent areas
The new Careers Movement and Social Change
Authors: Kurzman Paul A.
Published: May 2018

New careers programs, along with offering expansion of services, need to be recognized as having the potential to curtail social action and deflect social reform
A Survey of the use of Family Therapy by Caseworkers
Authors: Reynolds Mary K. , Crymes Joseph T.
Published: May 2018

The extent to which caseworkers currently use family therapy as a diagnostic-treatment approach is estimated from a random sample of caseworkers in NASW
The Social Worker as Agent of Policy Change
Authors: Levy Charles S.
Published: May 2018

Social workers need to be aware of the great and ingenious effort that will be required if they are to succeed in influencing social policy
New Roles of University Extension
Authors: Komins Alan S.
Published: May 2018

Factors related to finances, tradition, and institutional inertia prevent a full-scale university commitment to the nonagricultural problems of a community
Criminal Justice in Rural America
Authors: Schultz Leroy G.
Published: May 2018

Even if rural communities were motivated to resolve their crime problems, they do not have the necessary funds, manpower, or skills to do so
Growth of the Association of Black Social Workers
Authors: Sanders Charles L.
Published: May 2018

Intrinsic to the organization's purposes and programs are efforts to loosen the shackles of racism and economic subservience to effect social reform
Methodological Developments in Family Communication Studies
Authors: Mendelson Lloyd A.
Published: May 2018

The growing body of literature on family interaction reports recent and challenging approaches to the study of human communication as primary data
To Think about the Unthinkable
Authors: Hartman Ann
Published: May 2018

The systems model offers social workers a conceptual framework that shifts attention from individual characteristics to interaction and relatedness
Adoption in a Changing World
Authors: Braden Josephine A.
Published: May 2018

Resiliency, toleration of individual differences, and quality of communication are among the newer recommended criteria for adoptive parents
The Chinese Community in Los Angeles
Authors: Chen Pei-Ngor
Published: May 2018

After exposing stereotypes and myths about Chinese Americans, seven steps are proposed as part of a long-term effort to help solve their problems
A Reexamination of the Intake Procedure
Authors: Silverman Phyllis Rolfe
Published: May 2018

The perspectives of both client and worker are presented in an examination of some aspects of their interaction in the process of application
The Challenge for Change in School Social Work
Authors: Alderson John J.
Published: May 2018

Existing professional staffs must be utilized to their maximum potential to provide greater breadth and improved quality of services to children
Social-conditioning Casework in a School Setting
Authors: Wadsworth H. G.
Published: May 2018

A treatment method is described that employs systematic manipulation of reinforcing and aversive stimuli to increase the probability of socially functional behavior
Closing the Gap between Family Service and Private Industry
Authors: Moynihan Francis M.
Published: May 2018

Sharing knowledge of simple interviewing techniques and interactional process helps supervisory personnel understand and deal with high-risk employees
Agency Action and Interaction in Cases of Child Abuse
Authors: Silver Larry B. , Dublin Christina C. , Lourie Reginald S.
Published: May 2018

All children who have been mistreated or neglected should be referred for protective services before they are released from medical care
Outpatient Group Therapy with Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Davis Jack A.
Published: May 2018

Long-term supportive therapy to wives of Air Force personnel is successful as one means of preventing rehospitalization of specially vulnerable patients
Casework beyond Bureaucracy
Authors: Hanlan Archie
Published: May 2018

Some observations are offered to strengthen the exercise of professional judgment and encourage increasingly autonomous performance in service to clients
A New Concept of Subsidy in Determining Fees for Service
Authors: Goldberg Arthur , Kovac David C.
Published: May 2018

A fresh appraisal made of the basic assumptions from which fee policies and procedures have been created results in a new perspective
The Meaning of the Chicano Movement
Authors: Aguirre Lydia R.
Published: May 2018

Excerpts from a letter to a journalist in Mexico interpret the dedicated, courageous struggle of a people to retain ethnic individuality and achieve equality
Chicanos and Coalitions as a Force for Social Change
Authors: Florez John
Published: May 2018

Strategies and priorities must be reevaluated and new alliances formed if an improved life for Mexican Americans is to be effected
A Family Agency Program for Heavily Indebted Families
Authors: Laughlin John L. , Bressler Robert
Published: May 2018

Short-term therapy by professional staff is combined successfully with debt counseling and handling of creditors by nonprofessional volunteers
Pseudostoicism in Mothers of the Retarded
Authors: Polansky Norman A. , Boone Donald R. , DeSaix Christine , Sharlin Shlomo A.
Published: May 2018

Throughout a complex blend of defenses is found the constant theme of a potentially shattering liability being converted into an asset
Correlation between different carboplatin dosing patterns and its toxicity analysis in patients with advanced lung cancers: A retrospective study
Authors: Kartolo Adi , Robinson Andrew
Published: May 2018

Objective

To evaluate the current NCI-CTEP recommendation and the clinical use of Calvert Formula-derived carboplatin dosing pattern in the treatment of advanced lung cancer patients and assess carboplatin-related toxicity in relation to the degree of dose fluctuation.

Methodology

This retrospective study involved all histologically confirmed inoperable lung cancer patients receiving palliative-intent carboplatin or carboplatin-combination chemotherapy from 2012 to 2016 at Kingston Health Sciences Centre. The carboplatin dosing pattern and carboplatin-related toxicity were collected and analysed on SPSS IBM for Windows version 24.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results were expressed in percentages and P values.

Results

Our findings ( N = 75) suggested that 24% of patients had a high-degree of fluctuation in carboplatin dose (>10% variation from initial dose) if carboplatin dose was readjusted with each new creatinine. In practice, 16% of patients had a fluctuation of greater than 10% in ordered dose in the absence of planned dose reductions. Our study found no significant association between prescribed high-risk dosing fluctuation (>10% increased from initial dose) and carboplatin-related toxicities.

Discussion and conclusion

In contrast to some prescribing recommendations such as NCI-CTEP, our study suggested that most medical oncologists incorporate new serum creatinine in calculating carboplatin dose for each cycle. Only 9% of patients were treated with a fixed dosing pattern (i.e. no fluctuation). Nonetheless, no significant associations were found between high-risk carboplatin dosing fluctuation and its-related toxicity. Whether such practice was due to the forcing function of the computer order entry system (CPOE), or conscious decisions by medical oncologists was unknown. Further analysis in evaluating physicians' preferences and influencing factors on dosing pattern decision would be recommended.
Siblings and Birth Order—Are They Important for the Occurrence of ADHD?
Authors: Reimelt Charlotte , Wolff Nicole , Hölling Heike , Mogwitz Sabine , Ehrlich Stefan , Martini Julia , Roessner Veit
Published: May 2018

Objective: The associations of birth order, number of siblings, and ADHD was examined. Method: The analysis based on representative, epidemiological data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) study ( N = 13,488). Results: An increased risk for ADHD in firstborn versus youngest born children (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.09, 1.58]) and also versus children with no sibling (OR = 1.31, 95% CI [1.03, 1.68]) was revealed, while number of siblings was not associated with ADHD. Results remained stable after controlling for confounders. Conclusion: Firstborn children may receive simultaneously less parental resources and more responsibilities if younger siblings are born. This happens during the vulnerable developmental period of ADHD. In addition, due to higher levels of insecurity, parents are assumed to focus more on potential physical or psychological abnormities in their firstborn children. This may result in a diagnostic bias in firstborn children.
The Etiological Structure of Cognitive-Neurophysiological Impairments in ADHD in Adolescence and Young Adulthood
Authors: Michelini Giorgia , Cheung Celeste H. M. , Kitsune Viryanaga , Brandeis Daniel , Banaschewski Tobias , McLoughlin Gráinne , Asherson Philip , Rijsdijk Frühling , Kuntsi Jonna
Published: May 2018

Objective: Previous studies in children with ADHD identified two partially separable familial factors underlying cognitive dysfunction, but evidence in adolescents and adults is lacking. Here, we investigate the etiological structure of cognitive-neurophysiological impairments in ADHD in adolescents and young adults. Method: Factor analyses and multivariate familial models were run in 356 participants from ADHD and control sibling pairs aged 11 to 27 years on data on IQ, digit span forward (DSF) and backward (DSB), and cognitive-performance and event-related potential (ERP) measures from three cognitive tasks. Results: Three familial factors (cF1-3), showing substantial familial overlap with ADHD, captured the familial covariation of ADHD with nine cognitive-ERP measures. cF1 loaded on IQ, mean reaction time (MRT), and reaction-time variability (RTV); cF2 on DSF and DSB; and cF3 on number of errors and ERPs of inhibition and error processing. Conclusion: These results identify three partially separable etiological pathways leading to cognitive-neurophysiological impairments in adolescent and adult ADHD.
Perceptions of Acute Malnutrition and Its Management in Infants Under 6 Months of Age: A Qualitative Study in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Arafat Yasir , Islam M Munirul , Connell Nicki , Mothabbir Golam , McGrath Marie , Berkley James A , Ahmed Tahmeed , Kerac Marko
Published: May 2018

Background:

World Health Organization guidelines advise community-based care (CBC) for “uncomplicated” severe acute malnutrition (SAM) infants <6 months old (u6m), whereas current national protocols refer to inpatient care. Our aim was to inform and shape future management strategies by understanding caregivers’ and different stakeholders’ perceptions on malnutrition among infants u6m on barriers/facilitators to future CBC.

Methods:

The methods used in this study are as follows: in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) in southern Bangladesh, thematic analysis of transcripts, and sample size by data saturation.

Results:

We conducted 5 FGDs with 29 caregivers, 4 with 29 health care workers, 4 key informant interviews each with community leaders and health supervisors. Five themes emerged. 1) Identification of SAM infants and care-seeking behavior: malnutrition was not noticed until severe, caregivers focused on clinical symptoms. Both allopathic and traditional healers were consulted. (2) Perceived causes of infant malnutrition: underlying illness, poor feeding practices, poverty, and local superstitions. (3) Views and preferences on treatment: hospitals and doctors were perceived as offering the best treatment, health care workers were also important, and respondents highlighted the need care of the caregiver/mother along with the infant. (4) Perceived benefits and risks of CBC: lower cost and greater accessibility were appreciated but worried about quality. (5) Community networks: wider family and social support networks were considered important aspects of care.

Conclusions:

There is considerable potential for CBC but needs to be better and earlier identification of at-risk infants, strengthening of health systems to avoid community options being perceived as “second best,” engagement with families and communities to tackle “upstream” determinants of SAM, and care for mother-infant pairs.