bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the quality of cupcakes by optimizing the recipe using a mathematical modeling method
Authors: Tkachenko Alina , Olkhovska Olena , Chernenko Oksana , Chilikina Tatyana , Basova Yulia
Published: January 2023

In order to model the process of developing new recipes for muffins from organic raw materials, a mathematical model of the problem has been built. The solution involved using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet processor and a computer algebra system from the class of automated design systems Mathcad. The object of research is the cupcake "Grechanyk", and the control sample is the cupcake "Stolichny". The following components are proposed to be introduced into the cupcake: buckwheat flour, agave syrup, cane sugar, sesame oil, butter, dried raisins. All raw materials are organic. With the help of modeling the content of food nutrients – amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, and the price of raw materials, a rational formulation of the product has been developed. In the developed cupcake, a comprehensive quality indicator is investigated by qualimetric evaluation. Group quality indicators included organoleptic, physical-chemical, and microbiological indicators. They also include the content of toxic elements, nutritional and energy value. The weighting coefficients of group quality indicators are: 0.15 for organoleptic, physical-chemical, microbiological indicators. The coefficient of weight of the energy value is 0.10; food – 0.20, toxicological elements – 0.25.
The results of the study showed that the integrated quality indicator is 0.82. These correspond to an excellent level of quality. The values of group quality indicators are as follows: organoleptic indicators – 0.14; physical and chemical indicators – 0.11. The content of toxicological elements is 0.22. Microbiological indicators – 0.14. The nutritional value is 0.13. Energy value – 0.09.
The results indicate the relevance of the use of the mathematical apparatus of design. The research results can be used by food industry enterprises to expand the range of products and to optimize the production process in the presence of the specified amount of raw materials.
Application of the principle of information objects description formalization for the design of information protection systems
Authors: Lutsenko Vladimir , Progonov Dmytro
Published: January 2023

The development of information independence of the State requires the introduction of the latest technologies for analyzing, storing, processing, and transmitting information. The focus of this work is improving information security systems with limited access, in particular the development of new methods of designing such systems, which are characterized by minimal influence of the subject-designer on the design process. The object of the study is the methodology and means of designing systems for restricting and controlling physical access, as well as access to information at objects of information activity and information and telecommunication systems of Ukraine.
To exclude the influence of the subject of the designer, it is necessary to improve the design process itself. In this paper, the possibility of creating an automatic design system based on the representation of protection objects in the form of objects of a common structure has been mathematically proved. Such a structure combines both telecommunication objects and objects of information activity. Changes in the legislative, regulatory, and technical bases of information protection necessary for the implementation of the proposed system have been determined, in particular, granting the State Communications Committee of Ukraine new powers that ensure the balance of interests of the customer of protection systems and executors. The possibility of formalizing the representation of data on arbitrary objects of protection is shown. This representation makes it possible to create open library semantic databases with incomplete data on the object of protection.
A theoretical base has been built that makes it possible to determine the correspondence between the set of threats to the information security of the object and the unambiguous corresponding list of countermeasures. At the same time, information protection projects are distinguished by evolution and uniformity of choice of a set of means of protection to any threats to objects of arbitrary complexity
Development of a method for solving the problem of it product configuration analysis
Authors: Ievlanov Maksym , Vasiltcova Nataliya , Neumyvakina Olga , Panforova Iryna
Published: January 2023

The object of this study is the process of managing the configuration of an IT project.
During the study, the problem of analyzing the configuration of an IT product was solved. Research in this area is mainly aimed at solving the problem of configuration analysis during the refactoring of a monolithic IT product into individual services or microservices. Questions about the methods of decomposing the description of the architecture of the developed IT product into separate functional configuration items (CI) remain almost unexplored.
As a result of the study, a method has been developed that makes it possible to build in the form of a dendrogram all possible options for decomposing the description of the IT product architecture into separate CIs. Unlike existing ones, the proposed method takes into account the degree of repetition of CI descriptions. The method is based on a Smith Maknaoton's divisive algorithm for solving the clustering problem. For its use, when solving the problem, the method for determining the distance between two functional CIs was modified.
The devised method passed an experimental test during the development of the functional task "Formation and maintenance of the individual plan of the scientific and pedagogical employee of the department". As CI, 10 functions of the task were considered. To define these functions, the descriptions of 12 entities in the problem database were used. As a result, a dendrogram was constructed with all possible options for decomposing the description of the task architecture into separate CIs.
Using the results of the study, it is possible to distinguish separate functional CIs and CI groups, the descriptions of which are strongly similar to each other. This allows one to improve the quality of IT product development by assigning such CI groups to one and the same executor of the IT project.
The reported results are used to form backlogs of the IT product and further distribute their elements among the executors of the IT project
Managing security in IoT by applying the deep neural network-based security framework
Authors: Haddad Nabeel Mahdy , Salih Hayder Sabah , Shukur Ban Salman , Abd Sura Khalil , Ali Mohammed Hasan , Malik Rami Qais
Published: January 2023

Security issues and Internet of Things (IoT) risks in several areas are growing steadily with the increased usage of IoT. The systems have developed weaknesses in computer and memory constraints in most IoT operating systems. IoT devices typically cannot operate complicated defense measures because of their poor processing capabilities. A shortage of IoT ecosystems is the most critical impediment to developing a secured IoT device. In addition, security issues create several problems, such as data access control, attacks, vulnerabilities, and privacy protection issues. These security issues lead to affect the originality of the data that cause to affects the data analysis. This research proposes an AI-based security method for the IoT environment (AI-SM-IoT) system to overcome security problems in IoT. This design was based on the edge of the network of AI-enabled security components for IoT emergency preparedness. The modules presented detect, identify and continue to identify the phase of an assault life span based on the concept of the cyberspace killing chain. It outlines each long-term security in the proposed framework and proves its effectiveness in practical applications across diverse threats. In addition, each risk in the borders layer is dealt with by integrating artificial intelligence (AI) safety modules into a separate layer of AI-SM-IoT delivered by services. It contrasted the system framework with the previous designs. It described the architectural freedom from the base areas of the project and its relatively low latency, which provides safety as a service rather than an embedded network edge on the internet-of-things design. It assessed the proposed design based on the administration score of the IoT platform, throughput, security, and working time
Identifying features in the structural and phase composition of the products of recycling of the scale of high-speed cutting steel by carbon thermal reduction
Authors: Borysov Viacheslav , Torubara Oleksii , Volokh Vadym , Poliakov Anatolii , Yamshinskij Mykhail , Lukianenko Ivan , Andreev Andrey , Bilko Tamara , Zhuravel Dmytro , Ivanchenko Dmytro
Published: January 2023

This paper reports a study into the features of the structural-phase composition of products from the carbon-thermal reduction of scale of high-speed steels that yields an alloying additive. This is necessary to determine the technological parameters that reduce the loss of target elements in the process of obtaining and using resource-saving alloying material. The study indicates that when the degree of scale reduction changed from 28 % to 67 % and 81 %, an increase in the manifestation of a solid solution of carbon and alloying elements in the α-Fe lattice was observed. At the same time, the intensity of the diffraction maxima of FeO and Fe3O4 decreased. In the reduced products, the presence of Fe3C, FeW3C, Fe3W3C, and WC was traced. With an increase in the degree of scale reduction from 28 % to 67 %, the disordered (of "loose" appearance) microstructure was replaced with the formed particles of round and multifaceted shape with different content of alloying elements. At the reduction stage of 81 %, the microstructure had a finely fibrous structure. Based on the suite of studies, the most acceptable degree of reduction of scale of high-speed steel, followed by the use of the obtained material as an alloying additive, is 81 %. At the same time, ensuring the degree of recovery at the level of 67 % would also suffice. This is due to the fact that residual carbon in the form of carbides provides an increased reducing ability and degree of assimilation of alloying elements with the restoration of the residual oxide component in the liquid metal during doping. Spongy microstructure contributes to faster dissolution, in relation to the corresponding standard ferroalloys. This ensures a reduction in the total smelting time and, as a result, a decrease in the energy consumed
Construction of a mathematical model of the dynamics of an autonomous mobile robot of variable configuration
Authors: Ashhepkova Natalja
Published: January 2023

This paper considers the construction of a mathematical model of the movement of an autonomous mobile robot (AMR) in variable configuration, taking into account the relationship of the dynamic parameters of a mechanical system.
As an example, the design of AMR with a manipulator is considered.
The object of this study is the dynamics of AMR with a manipulator. The peculiarities of the dynamics of AMR with the manipulator are due to the change in the position of the center of mass of the system with the relative movement of the manipulator and the commensurate non-diagonal and diagonal elements of the inertia tensor calculated relative to the axes of the base coordinate system. The construction of the mathematical model was carried out according to the Nyton-Euler method. The resulting mathematical model contains:
– an equation of motion of the center of mass of the AMR system of variable configuration along the trajectory in the inertial coordinate system;
– an equation of angular motion of AMR in variable configuration in the inertial coordinate system;
– an equation of motion of the manipulator with respect to AMR. In a general case, the center of mass of the AMR platform moves in a horizontal plane. Establishing the relationship of dynamic parameters of the mechanical system will make it possible to maintain functionality and ensure the orientation of AMR in vertical planes despite the movement of the manipulator. As an object of control, AMR with a manipulator is a multi-connected system with a cross-internal connection of control channels, which is formed by the dynamic parameters of a mechanical system. Based on the results of mathematical modeling using the proposed model, it is possible to develop algorithms for adaptive control using cross-connection of channels. This will make it possible to identify reserves to reduce energy consumption, increase stability, improve the efficiency and survivability of AMR in variable configuration during autonomous work under extreme conditions.
Development of oxide composite materials for cathode element of IT-SOFCs
Authors: Susanto Iwan , Kamal Dianta Mustofa , Rahmiati Tia , Rizkia Vika , Zainuri Fuad , Belyamin Belyamin , Permana Sulaksana , Subardi Adi , Fu Yen-Pei
Published: January 2023

Investigating the properties of composite oxide for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) has been done as a new cathode material. Using a solid-state reaction method, the metallic oxide material has been employed to create the composite model system. During the sintering process, a model system of Sm0.5Sr0.35Ba0.15FeO3-δ (SSBF15) was constructed. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) was played to utilize the oxygen content and weight loss of the model. In the meantime, the structure of the composite was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the conductivity properties were tested by thermal conductivity. The structural design was made possible by the findings, which revealed that the composite model structure exhibited the crystalline structure with perovskite phase. Weight losses during the construction of the structure were reflected in the decomposition and evaporation of the composite's constituent parts. After the calcination process up to 950 °C, the model system's formation oxygen content was obtained of 2.94 in 800 °C. The electrical conductivity maximum obtained in 12.2 S·cm-1 at 430 °C. At low temperatures, the conductive behavior was affected by the metallic element, while at higher temperatures, it was influenced by the ionic structure. As a result, mixed ionic and electric conductors (MIEC) were extensively utilized in the process of generating the conductive properties. The SSBF15 composite has a good chance of being used as an alternative cathode material with a perovskite single phase for future IT-SOFCs applications based on the structure and conductivity results. Additional testing and observation are required to determine the resistance's value when incorporated into the electrolyte and its heat expansion properties
Patterns in the electrochemical synthesis of thin-film photocatalytic materials based on titanium heterooxide compounds
Authors: Sakhnenko Mykola , Stepanova Iryna , Korogodskaya Alla , Karakurkchi Ann , Skrypnyk Olena , Dzheniuk Anatoly , Halak Oleksandr
Published: January 2023

This paper reports a study the into processes of plasma-electrolyte formation of heterooxidic coatings on titanium alloys for the photocatalytic destruction of natural and man-made toxicants. The synthesis of coatings was carried out from aqueous solutions of diphosphates under a galvanostatic mode. For a quantitative description of photocatalytic reactions, the constants of the reaction rate kf from the linearized dependences ln(Ct/C0), where Ct is the current, C0 is the initial concentration of the reagent, were calculated. The morphology of the coating surface was investigated by atomic force microscopy, and the results were visualized by reconstruction of the relief in the form of 2D and 3D topographic maps. Morphological features of coatings made of titanium oxide (IV) and heterooxidic composites containing oxides of transition metals were analyzed. It is shown that the specific surface area remains an effective factor in regulating the photocatalytic activity of coatings. The establishment of the morphology of heterooxidic composites, as well as methods for controlling this parameter of the target product, is a constant component of the systematic study of such materials in determining their functional properties. It has been established that compared to oxide-titanium coatings whose surface layers are characterized by a toroidal mesostructure, heterooxidic compositions have a more developed surface, which has a positive effect on their functional properties. Subsequent heat treatment similarly affects the properties of the coating. The speed constants of the photocatalytic decomposition of the methyl yellow-hot azo dye were used to rank coatings of different composition according to their functional properties. Coatings from TiO2·ZnO showed the highest catalytic activity among the materials studied – kf is 5.26 10-3 min-1, which is several times higher than the corresponding value for TiO2
Applying a neural network method to search for optimal air ionization conditions
Authors: Sukach Serhii , Chenchevoi Volodymyr , Fjodorova Natalja , Chencheva Olga , Bakharev Volodymyr , Kortsova Olena , Shevchenko Volodymyr , Petrenko Ivan
Published: January 2023

This paper reports measuring, modeling, and determining the optimized air ionic composition of the air at industrial premises to ensure safe living and working conditions for workers.
The possibility of using saline solutions with different degrees of concentration to increase the number of negative ions in the airspace, as well as the variability of the air flow rate for the process of ionization of the air of industrial premises, has been investigated. Analysis of experimental data revealed that an increase in the concentration of saline solutions leads to a decrease in the release of the number of air ions into the vapor-air space of the room.
It is proved that in order to improve air quality, it is advisable to enable air ionization using an ultrasonic air ion generator and the use of demineralized water. The optimal input parameters established for the ultrasonic installation are: s –distance to the ultrasonic installation, 40 cm; v ‒ airflow rate, 6.00 m/s; and c ‒ concentration of salt water solution, 3.3 %.
The result reported here could be used in the design and development of a control system for an ultrasonic generator of air ions of ventilation systems and microclimate systems in order to create the most comfortable high-quality ionized air at industrial premises.
To find the optimal mode of operation of the ionization process, a representation procedure for a neural network was applied, which was most accurate to determine the optimal parameters for ionizing the airspace of the working room.
Optimization was performed using a Feed Forward Bottle Neck Neural Network (FFBN NN) representation. This approach allows one to determine several optimal conditions for the process under study on the basis of a compromise solution.
A clinical-epidemiological study of facial dermatoses in women
Authors: Spandana Reddy Nallamilli , Upadhyaya Janardhan A. , Prasad Col. G K
Published: January 2023

The face is the most prominent part of the body. Facial blemishes and disorders directly reflect a person's physical appearance, cosmesis and self-image. They may contribute to dysmorphism and even lead to depression in susceptible individuals, especially women. Early identification and management of facial skin disorders are therefore important.

The aim: To study the clinical pattern and epidemiological determinants of facial dermatoses among females above 10 years.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among female patients with facial dermatoses, with informed consent, at a rural tertiary hospital for 18 months.

Results: A total of 500 patients were enrolled. The majority were in the 4th and 5th decades. Pigmentary dermatoses were highest, melasma predominating. Immunobullous dermatoses formed the smallest group. Occupation-wise, the majority were agricultural labourers. Many dermatoses, especially melasma, were related to occupation and lifestyle with photo-aggravation, cosmetics use and stress.

Conclusion: This study assessed the pattern of facial dermatoses among the female clientele of this institution. Hyperpigmentary dermatoses, especially melasma, emerged as the most common dermatosis for which treatment was sought
Study of factors affecting the in vitro release of ketoprofen from carbomers-based gels
Authors: Bezugla Olena , Liapunova Anna , Zinchenko Igor , Liapunov Oleksii , Lyapunov Nikolay , Stolper Yurij
Published: January 2023

The aim. To identify some factors affecting the in vitro release of ketoprofen from carbomer-based gels.

Materials and methods. Carbomer-based gels containing ketoprofen as well as a Newtonian liquid without carbomer, which was the dispersion medium of the gel, were studied by rotational viscometry and spin probe method. The flow behaviour and rheological parameters were determined using the rheograms, and the rotational correlation times of the two dissolved spin probes, the molecules of which contain a carboxyl group or an amino group, were determined by EPR spectra. In vitro release tests were performed using vertical diffusion chambers using a validated method. The quantitative determination of ketoprofen in gels, liquid and receptor medium was performed by liquid chromatography, and ethanol was quantified by gas chromatography according to validated procedures. Gels with different brands of carbomers, neutralised with trolamine or trometamol, with different contents of ketoprofen and ethanol, and with pH from 6.0 to 7.0 were studied.

Results. The sol → gel transition due to the neutralisation of the carbomer did not affect the shape and parameters of the EPR spectrum of the spin probe containing a carboxyl group in the molecule (like a carbomer and ketoprofen) in contrast to the probe with an amino group. If the substance dissolved in the gels does not interact with the carbomer, then its molecules/ions rotate rapidly in the liquid medium. This facilitates the release of a such substance from carbomer-based gels. The medicinal product Nobi Gel® gel 2.5 % and Newtonian liquid were equivalent in relation to the in vitro release parameters of ketoprofen from these objects. Сarbomer-based gels, which differed significantly in terms of rheological parameters, were also found to be equivalent in terms of ketoprofen release parameters. The in vitro release of ketoprofen was affected by its concentration and ethanol content in the gel. A change in pH from 6.0 to 7.0 practically did not affect the parameters of in vitro release of ketoprofen from gels.

Conclusions. The formation of a carbomer-based gel did not affect the rotational correlation time of the probe, which did not interact with the carbomer. Parameters of in vitro release of ketoprofen from the gel and Newtonian liquid differed little; these parameters were also little affected by the difference in apparent viscosity of the gels. The in vitro release of ketoprofen depended on its concentration and ethanol content
Some biological, behavioral and social aspects of the perfumery use in the Ukrainian population sample (part 1. age associations)
Authors: Filiptsova Olga , Bashura Olexander , Naboka Olga , Kran Oleksandra , Almakaiev Maksym , Kukhtenko Halyna , Martyniuk Tetiana , Osypenko Yuliia
Published: January 2023

The aim. The study encompassed some aspects related to perfumes use, which can potentially influence the individual perfume choice, in particular, among different age groups of the Ukrainian population. Factors related to perfumes choice, the state of awareness of respondents regarding quality, safety, and existing stereotypes regarding the characteristics of perfumes and potential harmful effects on the human body were investigated.
Materials and methods. The analysis was performed on a sample of 124 residents of Ukraine. Respondents, who were randomly selected, were offered a questionnaire, developed by us, which included 15 items on the demographic characteristics of the subjects and questions related to the perfume use of and stereotypes about them. The Pearson chi-squared (χ2) test was used to analyze the relationships between qualitative characteristics.
Results and discussion. About 98 % of surveyed persons in Ukraine use perfumery. Associations were found between age and the probability of purchase by the study participants of non-original perfume products and awareness of the safety of various perfume products. It has been established, that the determining factors when choosing a perfume is a certain scent, while the brand is given secondary importance. An increase in the effect of the brand in older age groups of the population has been demonstrated. Behavioral features of perfume use have been established: in younger women, it is associated with increased self-esteem and the influence of social networks, with age, the focus shifts to the desire for a positive effect on the mood from the use of a certain fragrance. However, in all age groups, the main purpose of perfume using was to improve the emotional state. Middle-aged women are more democratic in choosing perfumery with a specific gender orientation.
Conclusions. For the first time in Ukraine, a pilot study was conducted to find possible associations between some biological, behavioral and demographic characteristics and the perfume use. Such factors as age and education level are promising for further analysis of the selected issues
Usage of formalized knowledge about source code for refactoring actions in Swift
Authors: Tkachuk Andrii , Bulakh Bogdan
Published: January 2023

The object of research in the paper is the source code of a software product written in the Swift programming language. Most programs as a product of a certain project during the life cycle require changes and modifications, which is costly or impossible to implement in the case of poor code quality. One of the options for solving the problem of poor code quality is the timely application of refactoring principles. The existing problem is that implementation of high-level refactoring must be done manually by the developer without the use of automated tools as built-in solutions cannot fulfill the need due to the architectural complexity of the product.
To reduce the number of errors made during refactoring, to simplify the process of performing routine actions, it is suggested to use a new software product for refactoring. It works with high-level user commands based on a formalized description of the source code together with a knowledge base containing a description of code entities and their properties (what specific actions can be performed with them). In the work, the refactoring of the source code was carried out using the example of the Swift programming language. The proposed approach of component architecture (knowledge base, software engine) further allows to expand the functionality of the software product to other programming languages.
The work was directed to the development of a prototype of a software product using the proposed approach to check and compare the results with other refactoring tools. A command line utility has been developed that accepts a verbal command as an input and outputs the results of processing and analysis of the source code (search for complex structures in the code) or applies the proposed change. As a result of the conducted testing, it was established that the use of the proposed approach allows performing complex refactoring tasks with the help of a simple verbal formalized command. Accomplishing the same task using only the built-in refactoring tools requires significantly more time and effort or is impossible at all.
Assessment of heavy metals in exchangeable sediments samples from Tigris – Euphrates and Shatt al-Arab rivers
Authors: AI-Shawi Shahinaz R. A. , Kadhim Hamza A. H. , Al-Saad Hamid T.
Published: January 2023

The object of this study is the concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, and zinc) in sediment samples taken from the Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt al-Arab rivers during the autumn 2021 to summer 2022. According to the analyses performed using the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, showed the seasonal average of heavy metal concentrations ranges between the lowest value (7.46 µg/g) for nickel in summer and the highest value (785.08 µg/g) for iron during winter in exchangeable phase. Measurements were made of variables that influenced how heavy metals were distributed in the sediments, as shown by (total organic carbon, and grain size analysis) which revealed a relationship between the concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments and these variables, suggesting that pollution from various human activities – the main cause of the high concentrations of some heavy elements in the study area's sediments above the global natural rates. Geo Accumulation Index (I-geo) for heavy elements in the sediments was also determined, and it showed that the yearly rate of the concentrations of the metals varied between the lowest value (–6.912) of Iron and the maximum value (6.767) for cadmium. Additionally, it was determined the enrichment coefficient (EF) for the heavy elements in the sediments, where the annual rate of the metals ranged between the lowest value (3.23) for manganese and the highest value (10406.58) for cadmium, and was accounted the contamination factor (CF) for the heavy metals in the sediments, where the annual average of the metals ranged between the lowest value (0.012) for iron and the highest value (163.4) for cadmium. If our findings are compared to those of previous study, this will be lies within previous data. This is very important data it can be used as a baseline for coming study, and also used as a reference in other countries.
Comparison review between monofacial and bifacial solar modules
Authors: Matarneh Ghayda’ A. , Al-Rawajfeh Mohammad A. , Gomaa Mohamed R.
Published: January 2023

The objects of the study are solar modules. The world has witnessed a change in all aspects of life, especially in the last period, when the world witnessed an increase in the demand for energy and all regions. Here the imperfection appeared in meeting the energy needs, just as the traditional sources (oil, coal, and natural gas), for example, are no longer hope as they are non-renewable sources. In addition to these sources, to exploit the energy in them, we must burn, which pollutes the environment, in addition to the cost of transportation. Not long ago, solar energy began to produce electricity through photovoltaic modules, and competition began to make photovoltaic modules with higher efficiency. The main aim of this study is to clarify the concept of bifacial photovoltaic modules and show some differences between them and monofacial photovoltaic modules. The current report consists of the definition of bifacial photovoltaic modules and their most important specifications, comparing them with monofacial photovoltaic modules, which are the best, the factors affecting their energy production, and the type of radiation used in each type. In fact, the utilization of albedo radiation for monofacial photovoltaic modules does not exceed 2 %, while this percentage is exceeded in bifacial photovoltaic modules. So, it can be recommended here that the trend to use bifacial photovoltaic modules can be economical and space-saving space because it produces more amount of electricity for the same unit area, which in turn this spaces it available for other applications, and also, increase the amount of electricity due to the increase in the effective side size (two sides: one upwards and the other is downward) of the solar modules.
Development of a methodological approach to the research of special purpose communication systems
Authors: Semenenko Inha , Artabaiev Yurii , Degtyareva Larisa , Vakulenko Yuliia , Odarushchenko Elena , Nalapko Oleksii , Zarubenko Artur , Pavliuk Dmytro , Demianenko Hanna , Kovalchuk Bohdan
Published: January 2023

Hierarchical construction of special purpose systems, a large number of different types of communication devices that are the part of them necessitates the need to justify the order of research of special communication systems. Existing approaches to conduct research on special purpose communication systems are narrowly focused and aimed at researching certain types of communication. A large number of destabilizing factors affecting the functioning of special purpose communication systems and a priori uncertainty about the conditions of its application only complicate the mentioned issue. Also, the experience of the full-scale armed aggression of the armed forces of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine showed the need to change approaches to the research of special purpose communication systems. That is why the issue of improving the effectiveness of the management of forces and devices of communication of groups of troops (forces) during operations is an important and urgent issue. The object of the research is the communication system of the group of troops (forces). The subject of the research is the effectiveness of the communication system of the group of troops (forces) in accordance with the purpose of the operation. The research developed a methodical approach to the research of special purpose communication systems. The novelty of the proposed methodical approach consists in taking into account the efficiency while choosing this or that method while investigating the state of a special-purpose communication system and the ability to calculate the reliability while choosing this or that method while investigating the state of a special-purpose communication system. Also, the element of novelty of this methodical approach is taking into account the efficiency of the decisions made regarding the assessment of the state of the special purpose communication system while choosing one or another research method. It is advisable to implement the mentioned approach in algorithmic and program software while studying the state of the special purpose communication system.
Soil assessment and mitigation of flash flood erosion using Ipomoe Carnea in Gombe town, Gombe state, Nigeria
Authors: Flayin Malum Japhet , Udochukwu Martins Okechukwu
Published: January 2023

In many parts of the world floods occur more often and increase in size. In the tropics, it is partly or wholly caused by climatological factors, in-situ soil types (as soils with low infiltration rate are vulnerable to flooding); inadequate drainage network, topography and human factors. Gombe town is situated within an elevation of 628 m and 361 m above sea level (a.s.l). Topography is mainly mountainous, undulating and hilly with open plains and mean slope gradient of 5°, considered to be a high gradient for unprotected soils. This causes high surface runoff leading to excessive flooding and formation of gullies, cutting deep trenches that result in the destruction of residential houses and environmental disasters throughout Gombe town. The research work assessed gully erosion from high vulnerable sections in Gombe town affected by high fluvial floods. Field measurement was done using 50 m tape, GPS, satellite images and laboratory analysis. Laboratory analysis of soil particles sizes showed that mean particle sizes were 74.9 %, 14.1 % and 11.0 % for sand, silt and clay respectivly; the textural class for the entire study site was sandy clay. Porosity from the entire study area contains low volume of voids relative to the volume of solids. Bulk density was slightly high compared to the standards values. The soil chemical properties of the soil pH for the entire site mean (ESM) was 6.42. This indicates that the soils are slightly acidic which affect microbial activities on organic matter that enhance the binding of soils to resists erosivity of fluvial floods. People resorts to using vegetative cover of Ipomoe Carnea plant as mitigation measures to protect their vulnerable houses and farms from gully erosions because the stems interweaves and forms a thick cover that diffuses the high velocity water flow into laminar flow. The weaved stems traps, blocks and prevents the flood transported materials(soil, humus, gravels) in between the stems thereby prevents and slows soil erosion to the nearest minimum.
Considering sawdust as a potential raw material for climate change mitigation in indoor environment
Authors: Robert James J. , Ekpete Ayebaniminyo
Published: January 2023

The object of the study is sawdust as a potential raw material for climate change mitigation in the indoor environment. The method of the mixture was used to determine the specific heat capacity of the sawdust sample, while its thermal conductivity was determined using the Lee disc method. The results of the study showed that the specific heat capacity of the sawdust is 54.9271 J·g–1·K–1 and that of thermal conductivity is 0.12 W/m·K. The implication of the results is that Sawdust needs about 54.9271 J·g–1·K–1 to raise its unit mass by 1 °C and a comparably very low thermal conductivity of 0.12 W/m·K. Sawdust can be used as a composite material for roofing, and ceilings to drastically reduce the rate at which the heat energy from the sun is transferred into the indoor environment and consequently reduce the effects of climate change on the indoor environment. Sawdust that is not properly managed or disposed can pose serious problems to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, fuel fire outbreaks and health problems such as severe allergic reactions. Therefore, discovering other reuse options for sawdust will reduce the problems it poses to the environment.
Comparative standing of Kazakhstan pension system performance: learning policy lessons from Canadian experience
Authors: Tolymbek Almaz
Published: January 2023

The study examines the current state of Kazakhstan public pension system in terms of its performance and asset structure as compared to that of the OECD countries as well as structural and regulatory issues confronting the national pension market as an impediment to ensuring adequate retirement savings of the population. The underlying issue to be addressed is current low real rate of return by the national pension fund, which translates into its future inability to provide for pension payouts that would meet retirement needs of the nation accounting for recent elevated inflation rates. As a likely solution, the paper investigates the Canadian pension system as a successful case of pension market ecosystem embodying a three-layer pension market structure that fuels diversified sources of pension payouts thus ensuring a sustainable flow of pension income to Canadian retirees. In particular, it advocates for introducing group (employer-based) and private (individual) registered pension programs of investments that have for long been adopted in developed countries demonstrating their effectiveness in generating substantial supplementary sources of pension income. As a prerequisite, favorable legislative and taxation frameworks should be adopted to secure motivation by both the employers and working citizens to contribute to the respective pension plans. By way of learning Canadian experience, suggestions as per prospective ways to reconfigure the Kazakhstan pension system are made that may solidify its overall performance and sustainability to ensure solid real rate of return and consequently adequate pension payouts to its future retirees.
Research of the factor segment content of economic security management in the conditions of geopolitical transformations
Authors: Kalinin Oleksandr , Gonchar Viktoriya , Simanaviciene Zaneta
Published: January 2023

The object of research is management system of the country's economic security and the consequences of the influence of the shadow economy on it. Research is carried out on the example of Ukraine, as a country with a fairly high level of shadow processes in business.
Shadow incomes and agreements are currently one of the main problems of the management system of income distribution and redistribution. The global scale of the economy and the deregulation of international mergers and acquisitions take shadow capital beyond individual countries, giving them global importance for the economic security of different countries. An analysis of the influence of the shadow economy on all stages of merger and acquisition agreements in Ukraine was carried out. The negative effects of shadowing on attracting foreign and national investments, which reduces the effectiveness of the country’s economic security management system, were analyzed. The article presents a comparative analysis of the dynamics of economic development indices of the country and the level of the shadow economy.
In the process of the research methods of analysis and synthesis, methods of logical design, tabular and graphical methods of data presentation are used. Correlation-regression analysis was used to study the relationship between the indicators of the shadow economy and the level of economic security of the state.
On the basis of statistical indicators, the comparison of indicators of development of shadow economy and separate indicators of economic security of Ukraine is carried out. Correlation-regression analysis was used to study the relationship between the indicators of the illegal economy and the level of economic security of the state in the conditions of geopolitical transformation. The results of the calculations showed that for most indices of economic security and the level of the shadow economy there is a direct relationship. The established dependencies can be the basis for determining the key vectors of the state policy of counteracting the development of the shadow economy and tools for influencing the most sensitive indicators of Ukraine’s economic development.
The research conducted in this article can be useful for scientists who research economic security management systems, for government institutions with the aim of forming an economic security program. The methodology can be used to determine investment priorities based on the analysis of the impact of the illegal economy on the economic security of society.
The economic impact of investment, expenditure and wages on GRDP – a case study of 47 prefectures of Japan in 2005
Authors: Masud Md. Rony
Published: January 2023

The object of the study is the Japan's economy, which has an upward trend after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are still several challenges to ensure sustainable growth and economic development. Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) as an economic indicator measures the value of a country's total goods and services. There is controversy and different beliefs in economics as to whether or not a country's GRDP is positively affected. The objective of this research is to find out the most important variable which is responsible for economic progress (GRDP). The main problem which this paper will analyze is that sometimes it is difficult to understand about which factor is more important for economic growth in national and regional basis, gross domestic product, and gross regional domestic product, such as investment, government expenditure, employment, and wages. This paper analyzes investment; government expenditure and wage influence on gross regional domestic product (GRDP) for Japan in 2005 and find out the possible outcomes that are more responsible for the GRDP in the Japanese economy. The results show all three factors have the dominant influences during this time; however, investment is the most powerful indicator among the 47 prefectures. It means that government should give more focused-on investment rather than government expenditure, employment, and wages. In analyzing the data, a comprehensive empirical analysis is conducted using Stata to calculate the statistics on central tendency and the distribution shapes such as minimum and maximum quantiles, standard deviation, sleekness, test for mean difference, and graphical presentation.
Evaluation des Sprachmodells GPT-3 für den Einsatz an der ZBW – Leibniz Informationszentrum Wirtschaft
Authors:   , Behrens Alena
Published: January 2023

Die Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache durch Maschinen ist fester Bestandteil des Alltags. Die Verarbeitung erfolgt durch technische Sprachmodelle, die bereits viele Aufgaben erfolgreich lösen. Durch die stetige Weiterentwicklung entstehen mächtigere Modelle mit neuen Fähigkeiten. Eines der neuesten ist GPT-3. Das Ziel dieser Masterarbeit ist es, das Sprachmodell GPT-3 und dessen praktischen Einsatz zu untersuchen. Zur Untersuchung des Modells werden die Fragen gestellt, was GPT-3 von anderen Modellen unterscheidet, wie es funktioniert und in welchen Bereichen es eingesetzt werden kann. Weiterhin wird die Frage untersucht, ob das Modell für den geplanten Chatbot der ZBW – Leibniz Informationszentrum Wirtschaft genutzt werden kann. Zudem wird untersucht, welche Voraussetzungen für einen Einsatz des Modells in einem Chatbot nötig sind. Für die ersten drei Forschungsfragen wurde eine Literaturrecherche angewendet. Damit wurden Hintergründe zum Modell zusammengetragen, sowie Berichte aus der Praxis berücksichtigt. Für den Einsatz bei einem Chatbot wurde ein Prototyp erstellt, der von den Testpersonen genutzt und bewertet wurde. Die Auswertung aktueller Literatur zu GPT-3 zeigt, dass sich das Modell durch seine neue Funktionsweise, die Größe der Parameter und Testdaten von anderen abhebt. Dadurch wurden neue Fähigkeiten möglich. GPT-3 kann bei vielen Einsatzgebieten, die auf natürlicher Sprache beruhen, eingesetzt werden. Dies umfasst klassische Natural Language Processing-Aufgaben, sowie neue Bereiche wie etwa die Programmierung. Im praktischen Test zeigte sich, dass es eine hohe Präzision erfordert, das Modell auf neue Themen anzulernen. Die Quote der richtigen Antwort des Chatbots war zu gering, um den Einsatz uneingeschränkt empfehlen zu können. Es bedarf weiterer Untersuchungen, um das Modell für den Einsatz im Chatbot der ZBW zu optimieren.
Dziesięć lat później. Ukraińskie życie polityczne Lwowa w 1928 roku
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Gaczkowski Marcin
Published: January 2023

During the mid-war period Lviv was a leading centre of Ukrainian cultural and political life in Polish state. Despite the unfavourable political situation Ukrainian elites tried to create mythologized image of the city as a ”heart and brain” of West Ukraine. In 1928 the opportunities for such actions were, among others, parliamentary elections in March, and - in November - 1st anniversary of the outbreak of the Ukrainian-Polish war.
Cinnisni orієntiri v Ukrainі v umovakh formuvannja totalіtarnogo mentalіtetu 1920 – 1930-kh rr.
Authors: Tarapon Oksana
Published: January 2023

Values in Ukraine in the Formation of a Totalitarian Mentality in the 1920s and 1930s. Mental origins of Soviet totalitarianism were formed after the brutal military conflict during the establishment of the Soviet regime in Ukraine. Protracted military confrontation of several military and political forces exposed civilians to violence and lawlessness. Mass sufferring devalued a human life and intensified social disappointment. Physical and psychological injuries affected daily life and values of the society. The values of survival and self-preservation became dominant under conditions of permanent violence against society. The main characteristic of the totalitarian mentality was the fear, which consolidated the position of non-interference and passivity. During the 1920s and 1930s it facilitated Soviet authorities to use violence against some classes and groups of the society (requisition of bourgeoisie property, abuse of intellectuals, clergy, etc.). Sharp inversion of values, philosophical and moral foundations of the nation, multiplied by the forcible practices of the Soviet policy, resulted in the erosion of values, distorted traditional behavioral patterns of the society and caused deep injuries of mass consciousness.