bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban Planning and Design Layout Generation Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Wan Ting , Ma Yuhang
Published: June 2022

Today’s cities are becoming more and more complex, the spatial layout is gradually becoming more and more complex, and all aspects of urban construction that need to be considered are increasing. The traditional urban planning and design methods have encountered new challenges. Based on the unique perspective of urban “mesoscale,” this study attempts to apply artificial intelligence technology in the early stage of urban planning and design, predict the positioning of design land based on the surrounding environment, so as to break the limitations of manual decision-making, explore the spatial layout problem from the perspective of machine, find the correlation between land data, and generate results with certain reference value to assist decision-making. By delimiting the research area and collecting and processing data, we trained and generated the artificial neural network model and selected three different areas for model test. The test results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method process.
Construction of Smart Sports in Colleges and Universities: Influencing Factors, Design Ideas, and Model Choices
Authors: Deng Chenliang , Yu Qiaoyan , Luo Ganglin
Published: June 2022

Objective. As an important content of the modernization of college physical education, the intelligent physical education in colleges and universities is a main form of the progress and development of college physical education. The authors studied the influencing factors, design ideas, and model choices of the construction of smart sports in colleges and universities, aiming at promoting the reform, innovation, and information management of college sports. Methods. The related problems of the construction of intelligent sports in colleges and universities were studied by the methods of literature and logical analysis. Results. Smart sports in colleges and universities is a new type of college sports based on information technology. At present, the construction of smart sports in colleges and universities is still in its initial stage, and there are many problems. The construction of smart sports in colleges and universities not only highlights the charm of college sports and expands and enriches the connotations of college sports but also shapes the brand image of college sports with health. The influencing factors of the development of smart sports in colleges and universities mainly include macro development environment, decision-makers’ behavior, and government support. In the process of the construction of smart sports in colleges and universities, the overall planning and design should follow certain overall ideas and specific ideas, and new development models of smart growth, demand, integrated governance, and integrated development can be chosen. Conclusion. As a refined management method of college sports, smart sports in colleges and universities is of great significance to innovate and deepen the reform of college sports. We must always pay attention to the development dynamics of relevant factors and understand the development trend of smart sports in colleges and the change of influencing factors, so as to seize the opportunity, timely adjust and change the development model of smart sports in colleges and universities, accurately improve the physical health of college students, and promote the intelligent development of college sports.
The Differences of Metabolites in Different Parts of the Brain Induced by Shuxuetong Injection against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion and Its Corresponding Mechanism
Authors: Jiang Tingyue , Jiao Jiakang , Shang Jinfeng , Bi Lei , Wang Huanhuan , Zhang Chao , Wu Hongwei , Cui Yiran , Wang Peng , Liu Xin
Published: June 2022

Ischemic stroke is often associated with a large disease burden. The existence of ischemia-reperfusion injury brings great challenges to the treatment of ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to explore the differences of metabolites in different parts of the brain induced by Shuxuetong injection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and to extend the corresponding mechanism. The rats were modeled by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) operation, and the success of modeling was determined by neurological function score and TTC staining. UPLC-Q/TOF-MS metabolomics technique and multivariate statistical analysis were used to analyze the changes and differences of metabolites in the cortex and hippocampus of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats. Compared with the model group, the neurological function score and cerebral infarction volume of the Shuxuetong treatment group were significantly different. There were differences and changes in the metabolic distribution of the cortex and hippocampus in each group, the distribution within the group was relatively concentrated. The separation trend between the groups was obvious, and the distribution of the Shuxuetong treatment group was similar to that of the sham operation group. We identified 13 metabolites that were differentially expressed in the cortex, including glutamine, dihydroorotic acid, and glyceric acid. We also found five differentially expressed metabolites in the hippocampus, including glutamic acid and fumaric acid. The common metabolic pathways of Shuxuetong on the cortex and hippocampus were D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism and nitrogen metabolism, which showed inhibition of cortical glutamine and promotion of hippocampal glutamic acid. Specific pathways of Shuxuetong enriched in the cortex included glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism, which showed inhibition of glyceric acid and dihydroorotic acid. Specific pathways of Shuxuetong enriched in the hippocampus include arginine biosynthesis and citrate cycle (TCA cycle), which promotes fumaric acid. Shuxuetong injection can restore and adjust the metabolic disorder of the cortex and hippocampus in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats. The expression of Shuxuetong in different parts of the brain is different and correlated.
Bipolar‐Valued Fuzzy Social Network and Centrality Measures
Authors: Pandey Sakshi Dev , Ranadive A. S. , Samanta Sovan , Sarkar Biswajit
Published: June 2022

The concept of bipolar‐valued fuzzy relationships and their role in modeling bipolar‐valued fuzzy social networks (BVFSN) are discussed. The goal of this study is to represent the bipolarity and fuzziness that are always present in the relationship between actors. Ranking the most central actors to achieve maximum spreading ability has been a difficult and critical topic thus far. Many centrality measures have been proposed to determine the significance of nodes in the central person detection process. In this article, we proposed two new centrality measures, BF‐degree centrality and BF‐closeness centrality, based on the natural characteristics of a bipolar‐valued fuzzy social network. The proposed centrality measures highlight the fuzziness and bipolarity of the relationship. We consider the fuzzy stability index for direct connections here, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the relationship. With the help of the effective and total effective strength of the path, we find the favorable path in this centrality measure. Moreover, to investigate the validity and reliability of these new centrality measures, we gathered Google Scholar data and built a G‐S Research network. Experimental results show that the model and centrality measures can be used to objectively rank the most central node in the network.
Efficacy and Safety of Ripretinib in Chinese Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors as a Fourth- or Later-Line Therapy: A Multicenter, Single-Arm, Open-Label Phase II Study
Authors: Li Jian , Cai Shirong , Zhou Yongjian , Zhang Jun , Zhou Ye , Cao Hui , Wu Xin , Deng Yanhong , Huang Zhao , Dong Juan , Shen Lin
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

This is a phase II multicenter, single-arm, open-label study assessing the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of ripretinib in Chinese patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) as a fourth- or later-line therapy. It was designed to show consistency with the phase III INVICTUS study.

Patients and Methods:

Patients with disease progression on (or intolerance to) prior imatinib, sunitinib, and at least one other drug were recruited to receive ripretinib 150 mg once daily continuously in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) based on independent radiologic review (IRR). Secondary efficacy endpoints included objective response rate (ORR) based on IRR and overall survival. Safety endpoints included the incidence and severity of adverse events (AE).

Results:

Between April 2020 and August 2020, 39 patients were enrolled. All were included in the safety analysis while 38 were included in the efficacy analysis. By primary data cut-off (February 26, 2021), the median PFS [90% confidence interval (CI)] was 7.2 (2.9–7.3) months; the lower bound of the 90% CI exceeded 1 month, fulfilling the standard of bridging success. The ORR (95% CI) based on IRR was 18.4% (7.7%–34.3%). Treatment-related treatment-emergent AEs (TRAE) were reported in 37 (94.9%) patients. The majority of TRAEs were of grade 1/2. A total of 6 patients (15.4%) experienced grade 3/4 TRAEs.

Conclusions:

The results demonstrated that ripretinib can clinically improve the outcomes of Chinese patients with advanced GIST as a fourth- or later-line therapy. The efficacy, safety, and PK profiles of ripretinib are consistent with those in the global patient population.
Superkine IL-2 and IL-33 Armored CAR T Cells Reshape the Tumor Microenvironment and Reduce Growth of Multiple Solid Tumors
Authors: Brog Rachel A. , Ferry Shannon L. , Schiebout Courtney T. , Messier Cameron M. , Cook W. James , Abdullah Leena , Zou Jia , Kumar Prathna , Sentman Charles L. , Frost H. Robert , Huang Yina H.
Published: June 2022

Chimeric-antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown remarkable efficacy against hematologic tumors. Yet, CAR T-cell therapy has had little success against solid tumors due to obstacles presented by the tumor microenvironment (TME) of these cancers. Here, we show that CAR T cells armored with the engineered IL-2 superkine Super2 and IL-33 were able to promote tumor control as a single-agent therapy. IFNγ and perforin were dispensable for the effects of Super2- and IL-33-armored CAR T cells. Super2 and IL-33 synergized to shift leukocyte proportions in the TME and to recruit and activate a broad repertoire of endogenous innate and adaptive immune cells including tumor-specific T cells. However, depletion of CD8+ T cells or NK cells did not disrupt tumor control, suggesting that broad immune activation compensated for loss of individual cell subsets. Thus, we have shown that Super2 and IL-33 CAR T cells can promote antitumor immunity in multiple solid tumor models and can potentially overcome antigen loss, highlighting the potential of this universal CAR T-cell platform for the treatment of solid tumors.
T-cell Receptor Gene Therapy Clinically Targeting aTP53Public Neoantigen
Authors: Klebanoff Christopher A.
Published: June 2022

T-cell receptors (TCR) are an antigen receptor class that can uniquely respond to epitopes resulting from cytosolic and intranuclear proteins. In this issue, Kim and colleagues report the first successful application of TCR gene therapy targeting a shared, or public, neoantigen resulting from a TP53 hotspot mutation. These results establish clinical proof of concept that an off-the-shelf TCR targeting a recurrent mutation in a molecular driver of oncogenesis can benefit patients with metastatic cancer.

See related article by Kim et al., p. 932 (4) .
Bcl-xL Inhibition RadiosensitizesPIK3CA/PTENWild-type Triple-negative Breast Cancers with Low Mcl-1 Expression
Authors: Pesch Andrea M. , Chandler Benjamin C. , Michmerhuizen Anna R. , Carter Hannah M. , Hirsh Nicole H. , Wilder-Romans Kari , Liu Meilan , Ward Tanner , Ritter Cassandra L. , Nino Charles A. , Jungles Kassidy M. , Pierce Lori J. , Rae James M. , Speers Corey W.
Published: June 2022

Patients with radioresistant breast cancers, including a large percentage of women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), demonstrate limited response to radiation and increased locoregional recurrence; thus, strategies to increase the efficacy of radiation in TNBC are critically needed. We demonstrate that pan Bcl-2 family inhibition [ABT-263, radiation enhancement ratio (rER): 1.52–1.56] or Bcl-xL–specific inhibition (WEHI-539, A-1331852; rER: 1.31–2.00) radiosensitized wild-type PIK3CA/PTEN TNBC (MDA-MB-231, CAL-120) but failed to radiosensitize PIK3CA/PTEN-mutant TNBC (rER: 0.90–1.07; MDA-MB-468, CAL-51, SUM-159). Specific inhibition of Bcl-2 or Mcl-1 did not induce radiosensitization, regardless of PIK3CA/PTEN status (rER: 0.95–1.07). In wild-type PIK3CA/PTEN TNBC, pan Bcl-2 family inhibition or Bcl-xL–specific inhibition with radiation led to increased levels of apoptosis (P < 0.001) and an increase in cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3. CRISPR-mediated PTEN knockout in wild-type PIK3CA/PTEN MDA-MB-231 and CAL-120 cells induced expression of pAKT/Akt and Mcl-1 and abolished Bcl-xL inhibitor–mediated radiosensitization (rER: 0.94–1.07). Similarly, Mcl-1 overexpression abolished radiosensitization in MDA-MB-231 and CAL-120 cells (rER: 1.02–1.04) but transient MCL1 knockdown in CAL-51 cells promoted Bcl-xL inhibitor–mediated radiosensitization (rER: 2.35 ± 0.05). In vivo, ABT-263 or A-1331852 in combination with radiation decreased tumor growth and increased tumor-tripling time (P < 0.0001) in PIK3CA/PTEN wild-type TNBC cell line and patient-derived xenografts. Collectively, this study provides the preclinical rationale for early-phase clinical trials testing the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of Bcl-xL inhibition and radiation in women with wild-type PIK3CA/PTEN wild-type TNBC at high risk for recurrence.

Significance:

This study proposes a novel strategy for the treatment of radioresistant TNBCs using FDA-approved compounds that target apoptosis to improve local disease control in this patient population.
The Role of Melatonin in Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Associated Risk Factors: A New Tool in Our Arsenal?
Authors: Theofilis Panagiotis , Vordoni Aikaterini , Kalaitzidis Rigas G.
Published: June 2022

Background: The increasing incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), as a consequence of the high prevalence of arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), warrants the need for developing effective treatment approaches. In this regard, the pineal gland-derived hormone melatonin may represent an appealing treatment approach of CKD and its associated risk factors. Summary: Targeting the adverse pathophysiology surrounding CKD and its associated risk factors has been the concept of pharmacologic treatment developed for its management. This review article aimed to present the role of melatonin in this direction, by providing an overview of melatonin’s physiology followed by its effect as a therapeutic agent in arterial hypertension and T2DM. Key Messages: Melatonin, the primary darkness hormone, possesses pleiotropic mechanisms of action which may have important implications in various pathologic states since its receptors are situated across various organ systems. As a treatment tool in arterial hypertension, melatonin may be efficacious in reducing both daytime and nocturnal blood pressure by influencing endothelial function, oxidative stress, the autonomic nervous system, and the renin-angiotensin system. Melatonin may also increase insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. However, late meal intake may be detrimental in glucose regulation, as consumption close to melatonin peak concentrations may induce hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. This finding may explain the inconsistent glycose regulation achieved with melatonin in clinical trials and meta-analyses. Additionally, the presence of genetic variants to melatonin receptor 2 may predispose to T2DM development. Finally, we present the available preclinical evidence supporting melatonin’s efficacy in ameliorating CKD’s pathophysiology since melatonin supplementation has not been adequately explored in patients with CKD. The combined use of stem cells with melatonin is an appealing therapeutic approach which ought to be assessed further.
Efficacy and Safety of Jollab (a Saffron-Based Beverage) on Cancer-Related Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mirzaei Hamidreza , Gharehgozlou Reyhaneh , Heydarirad Ghazaleh , Fahimi Shirin , Ghafari Saeedeh , Mosavat Seyed Hamdollah , Moghani Mona Malekzadeh , Hajian Parastoo
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Fatigue is a common complaint in cancer patients and profoundly affects the quality of life of the patients. Therefore, we designed a clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Jollab (containing saffron, honey, and rose water) as a tonic beverage in the management of cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients. Methods: Seventy-five patients were randomly assigned into two groups, patients received either 4 weeks Jollab or the placebo (20 mL three times daily). Fatigue was assessed with scores of Visual Analogue Fatigue Scale (VAFS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Cancer Fatigue Scale (CFS) at weeks 0 and 4 (before and after the intervention). Results: In the Jollab group, VAFS showed a significant decrease (p = 0.000), but in the placebo group, there was no significant difference (p = 0.258). In the Jollab group, FSS decreased significantly (p = 0.000), while in the placebo group, it slightly decreased (p = 0.096). CFS physical and cognitive subscales also showed improvement of fatigue in the Jollab group compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05), but affective subscale score did not show a significant change after the intervention in both groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Jollab beverage has significant positive effects on reducing fatigue in women with breast cancer. However, larger-scale trials with further sample size and longer period of the intervention are needed to confirm and develop our preliminary findings.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus Stent Versus Surgical Aortopulmonary Shunt for Initial Palliation of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease with Ductal‐Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tseng Stephanie Y. , Truong Vien T. , Peck Daniel , Kandi Sneha , Brayer Samuel , Jason Don P. , Mazur Wojciech , Hill Garick D. , Ashfaq Awais , Goldstein Bryan H. , Alsaied Tarek
Published: June 2022

Background

In patients with ductal‐dependent pulmonary blood flow, initial palliation includes catheter‐based patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stent or surgical aortopulmonary shunt (APS). This meta‐analysis aimed to compare outcomes between PDA stent and APS.

Methods and Results

A comprehensive literature search yielded six retrospective observational studies. Pooled adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were included to control for covariates and assess time to event analysis. Of 757 patients, 243 (32.1%) underwent PDA stent and 514 (67.9%) underwent APS. Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and expected biventricular repair were more common with PDA stent compared with APS (39.6% versus 21.2%,
P
<0.001 and 57.9% versus 46.6%,
P
=0.007, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in mortality between PDA stent and APS (HR, 0.71; [95% CI, 0.26–1.93];
P
=0.50). PDA stent was associated with lower risk of postprocedural complications (odds ratio [OR], 0.45; [95% CI, 0.25–0.81];
P
=0.008), mechanical circulatory support (OR, 0.27; [95% CI, 0.09–0.79];
P
=0.02), and shorter intensive care unit length of stay (−4.03 days; [95% CI, −5.99 to −2.07];
P
<0.001), hospital length of stay (−5.54 days; [95% CI, −9.20 to −1.88];
P
=0.003), and duration of mechanical ventilation (−3.41 days; [95% CI, −5.29 to −1.52];
P
<0.001). There was no difference in pulmonary artery growth or hazard of unplanned reintereventions.

Conclusions

PDA stent has a similar hazard of mortality compared with APS. Benefits to PDA stent include shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, shorter hospital length of stay, and fewer complications. Differences in patient characteristics exist with more patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and expected biventricular repair undergoing PDA stent.
Neuropeptide‐Y Levels in ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Relationship With Coronary Microvascular Function, Heart Failure, and Mortality
Authors: Gibbs Thomas , Tapoulal Nidi , Shanmuganathan Mayooran , Burrage Matthew K. , Borlotti Alessandra , Banning Adrian P. , Choudhury Robin P. , Neubauer Stefan , Kharbanda Rajesh K. , Ferreira Vanessa M. , Channon Keith M. , Herring Neil , Channon Keith M. , Ferreira Vanessa M. , De Maria Giovanni Luigi , Dawkins Sam , Lucking Andrew , Langrish Jeremy P. , Banning Adrian P. , Kharbanda Rajesh K. , Choudhury Robin P.
Published: June 2022

Background

The sympathetic cotransmitter, neuropeptide Y (NPY), is released into the coronary sinus during ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction and can constrict the coronary microvasculature. We sought to establish whether peripheral venous (PV) NPY levels, which are easy to obtain and measure, are associated with microvascular obstruction, myocardial recovery, and prognosis.

Methods and Results

NPY levels were measured immediately after primary percutaneous coronary intervention and compared with angiographic and cardiovascular magnetic resonance indexes of microvascular function. Patients were prospectively followed up for 6.4 (interquartile range, 4.1–8.0) years. PV (n=163) and coronary sinus (n=68) NPY levels were significantly correlated (
r
=0.92;
P
<0.001) and associated with multiple coronary and imaging parameters of microvascular function and infarct size (such as coronary flow reserve, acute myocardial edema, left ventricular ejection fraction, and late gadolinium enhancement 6 months later). We therefore assessed the prognostic value of PV NPY during follow‐up, where 34 patients (20.7%) developed heart failure or died. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis demonstrated that high PV NPY levels (>21.4 pg/mL by binary recursive partitioning) were associated with increased incidence of heart failure and mortality (hazard ratio, 3.49 [95% CI, 1.65–7.4];
P
<0.001). This relationship was maintained after adjustment for age, cardiovascular risk factors, and previous myocardial infarction.

Conclusions

Both PV and coronary sinus NPY levels correlate with microvascular function and infarct size after ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction. PV NPY levels are associated with the subsequent development of heart failure or mortality and may therefore be a useful prognostic marker. Further research is required to validate these findings.
Impact of Managing Provider Type on Severe Aortic Stenosis Management and Mortality
Authors: Pellikka Patricia A. , Padang Ratnasari , Scott Christopher G. , Murphy Shannon M. E. , Fabunmi Rosalind , Thaden Jeremy J.
Published: June 2022

Background

Many patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis do not undergo aortic valve replacement (AVR) despite clinical guidelines. This study analyzed the association of managing provider type with cardiac specialist follow‐up, AVR, and mortality for patients with newly diagnosed severe aortic stenosis (sAS).

Methods and Results

We identified adults with newly diagnosed sAS per echocardiography performed between January 2017 and March 2019 using Optum electronic health record data. We then selected from those meeting all eligibility criteria patients managed by a primary care provider (n=1707 [25%]) or cardiac specialist (n=5039 [75%]). We evaluated the association of managing provider type with cardiac specialist follow‐up, AVR, and mortality, as well as the independent association of cardiac specialist follow‐up and AVR with mortality, within 1 year of echocardiography detecting sAS. A subgroup analysis was limited to patients with symptomatic sAS. Patient characteristics and comorbidities at baseline were used for covariate‐adjusted cause‐specific and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models assessing group differences in outcomes by managing provider type. An adjusted Cox proportional hazard model with additional time‐dependent covariates for follow‐up and AVR was used to assess these practices' association with mortality. Within 1 year of echocardiography detecting sAS, data revealed that primary care provider management was associated with lower rates of cardiac specialist follow‐up (hazard ratio [HR], 0.47 [95% CI, 0.43–0.50],
P
<0.0001) and AVR (HR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.53–0.64],
P
<0.0001) and with higher 1‐year mortality (HR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.26–1.66],
P
<0.0001). Cardiac specialist follow‐up and AVR were independently associated with lower mortality (follow‐up: HR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.48–0.63],
P
<0.0001; AVR: HR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.60–0.83],
P
<0.0001). Results were similar for patients with symptomatic sAS. All analyses were adjusted for baseline patient characteristics and comorbidities.

Conclusions

For patients newly diagnosed with sAS, we observed differences in rates of cardiac specialist follow‐up and AVR and risk of mortality between primary care provider‐ versus cardiologist‐managed patients with sAS. In addition, a lower likelihood of receiving follow‐up and AVR was independently associated with higher mortality.
Colchicine Ameliorates Dilated Cardiomyopathy Via SIRT2‐Mediated Suppression of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Sun Xuan , Duan Junfeng , Gong Chenyi , Feng Yuting , Hu Jiaxin , Gu Rong , Xu Biao
Published: June 2022

Background

Dilated cardiomyopathy remains a leading cause of heart failure worldwide. Immune inflammation response is recognized as a significant player in the progression of heart failure; however, immunomodulatory strategies remain a long‐term challenge. Colchicine, a potent anti‐inflammatory drug, has many benefits in ischemic cardiovascular events, but its role in nonischemic heart failure remains unclear.

Methods and Results

Doxorubicin administration was used to establish a murine dilated cardiomyopathy model, and colchicine or saline was orally given. At the end point, cardiac function and fibrosis were measured to investigate the effects of colchicine. Inflammatory cytokine levels, neutrophil recruitment, and NLRP3 (NOD‐like receptor protein 3) inflammasome activation were detected to evaluate the inflammatory response. Furthermore, to examine the downstream target of colchicine, SIRT2 (Sirtuin 2) was pharmacologically inhibited in vitro; thus, changes in the NLRP3 inflammasome were detected by immunoblotting. These results showed that murine cardiac function was significantly improved and fibrosis was significantly alleviated after colchicine treatment. Moreover, the infiltration of neutrophils and the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the failing myocardium were both decreased by colchicine treatment. Mechanistically, colchicine upregulated the expression of SIRT2, leading to the inactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in an NLRP3 deacetylated manner. Conversely, the inhibition of SIRT2 attenuated the suppressive effect of colchicine on NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Conclusions

This study indicated that colchicine could be a promising therapeutic candidate for dilated cardiomyopathy and other nonischemic heart failure associated with the inflammatory response.
Another strange holometabolan larva from Kachin amber—the enigma of the beak larva (Neuropteriformia)
Authors: HAUG JOACHIM T. , HAUG CAROLIN
Published: June 2022

Holometabolan larvae are dominating components of modern terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and have a significant ecological impact. Also in past ecosystems, various types of such larvae have been present, which is especially well known from ambers from all over the world. During the Cretaceous, holometabolan larvae with a very modern appearance co-occur with those of morphologies totally unknown in the ecosystems of today. One of these morphologies only known from ca. 100-million-year-old Kachin amber from Myanmar is represented by the so-called “beak larvae”, which possess an anteriorly projecting beak-like mouth cone, previously being described from two specimens. We describe here a third specimen as a new species, ?Partisaniferus edjarzembowskii sp. nov. This new species differs from the previously described beak larva species Partisaniferus atrickmuelleri in the shape of the trunk end as well as in lacking a differentiation of the tergites into distinct sclerites and in the absence of abdomen protrusions. We discuss possible aspects of the ontogeny of the beak larvae, including the possibility that the here described specimen and one of the previously known ones are different larval stages of ?P. edjarzembowskii sp. nov. Furthermore, we discuss possible relationships of beak larvae within Neuropteriformia.
A new caddisfly of the family Baissoferidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia
Authors: SUKATSHEVA IRINA D. , SINITSHENKOVA NINA D.
Published: June 2022

This article is devoted to the description of a new representative of the family Baissoferidae from the Khutel-Khara locality (Mongolia, East Gobi Aimag) located 75 km southwest of Mount Sain-Shand. The insect-bearing deposits of the Tsagan Tsab Formation, the Lower Tsagan Tsab Subformation in this locality are dated to the earliest Cretaceous, Berriasian-Valanginian. In total, about 3,300 fossil insect imprints of 14 orders were collected from the Khutel-Khara locality. It is important that the fauna of insects has both Jurassic and Cretaceous features. For example, many mayfly and stonefly nymphs that lived there (Sinitshenkova, 1987, 1989) were still typical Jurassic lacustrine forms, while among terrestrial insects, on the contrary, forms that occur mainly in the Lower Cretaceous of Transbaikalia (some rove beetles and scarabaeoids) prevailed (Ponomarenko, 2021). It is especially interesting that many forms are represented in Khutel-Khara, first appearing in the geological record, then widespread in the Lower Cretaceous. This primarily concerns hymenopteran insects (Rasnitsyn, 1990; Kopylov & Rasnitsyn, 2020).
Placobdella akahkway n. sp. (Clitellata: Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae), a new leech species from central Canada
Authors: FAN SOPHIA L. , DE CARLE DANIELLE , KVIST SEBASTIAN
Published: June 2022

The leech genus Placobdella harbours 24 currently-recognized species, and only a handful of new species has been described in the past decade. Placobdella akahkway n. sp., a new species of ectoparasitic glossiphoniid leech is herein described from sites in the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, Canada. Beyond morphological description of the species, a total of 21 specimens (including the five specimens from the type series) were also employed in a phylogenetic analysis using the COI locus. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by its possession of both compact and diffuse salivary glands. The included specimens of Placobdella akahkway n. sp. form a monophyletic group with high support, and place as the sister taxon to Placobdella kwetlumye.
The helminth endoparasite type specimens of the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Indonesia
Authors: ANIMALESTO GLORIA , DEWI KARTIKA , APRIYANTI YUNI
Published: June 2022

A list of the type specimens of helminth endoparasites in the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB), Indonesia, is presented. There are types of 93 helminth endoparasite species consisting of 63 species of nematodes, 22 species of cestodes, and 8 species of trematodes that have been deposited in MZB. Altogether, there are currently 211 deposited numbers of type-specimens at MZB, which contain 817 specimens wet preserved and 85 specimens mounted. The list has now been added to the scientific publication record and museum catalog.
Heat and Mass Transfer on Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Convective Flow of Casson Hybrid Nanofluid Over a Permeable Media with Ramped Wall Temperature
Authors: Babu B. Hari , Rao P. Srinivasa , Varma S. V. K.
Published: June 2022

In this investigation, the heat and mass transfer on unstable MHD convective flow of a non-compressible gelatinous electrical performing non-Newtonians Cassons hybrid nanoliquid past an unbounded exponential accelerated perpendicular stirring spongy surface underneath the influences
of slips velocity has been discussed. H2O as well as ethyleneglycol mixtures have been taking as the fundamental Cassons fluid. The stable homogeneous magnetic domain was applied underneath the presumption of least magnetic Reynold numbers. The ramped walls temperatures as well
as time changing concentrations near the surface were constructed into consideration. The initial ordered systematical chemical reacting and heat absorptions were also considering. Silver (Ag) in addition to CuO nanoparticles were spread in fundamental liquid H2O as well as ethylene-glycol
combined to be produced as hybrids nanoliquid. The Laplaces transformations techniques are applied on the in-dimensional leading equations for the closed forms solution. The equations for the non-dimensionalized shear stresses, rate of temperature along with accumulation transport were also
obtained. The graphical solutions are represented to scrutinized the impacts of physically parameters on the most important flow features. The computational quantities of the shear stress, rates of heat as well as mass transport near the surface were tabulate with the distinct entrenched parametrics.
The resulting velocity was growing by an enhancing in heat as well as concentrations buoyancy strengths, while slips parameter has opposite outcome on this for case of ramped walls temperatures. The current problems have most appliances by magnetic material processes, electrical performing
polymers mechanics, as well as purifications of molten metals with non-metallics.
Effects of Distant Organized Convection on Forecasts of Widespread Clear-Air Turbulence
Authors: Trier Stanley B. , Sharman Robert D. , Muñoz-Esparza Domingo , Keller Teddie L.
Published: June 2022

Two cases of observed widespread moderate-or-greater (MOG) clear-air turbulence (CAT) in different synoptic patterns are investigated using a nested high-resolution NWP model. Both of these cases occurred in confluent entrance regions of upper-tropospheric–lower-stratospheric (UTLS) jet streaks, where large-scale anticyclonic outflow from distant organized moist convection strengthened the UTLS jet. Both the strength and vertical sharpness of the resulting jet influence the altitudes of MOG turbulence and the details of simulated turbulence onset mechanisms. In a strong and narrow UTLS jet downstream of a weak synoptic ridge, MOG turbulence arises from Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) waves that overturn in opposite directions on the vertical flanks of the jet. In broader UTLS jets, MOG turbulence arising from KH waves was favored in strong vertical shear layers beneath the wind maximum, but was inhibited above it due to static stability increases near the tropopause. However, vertically propagating internal gravity waves initiated above KH wave breaking beneath the UTLS jet amplify within the lower stratosphere above the jet, constituting another possible source of turbulence. Turbulence onset mechanisms were often apparent in simulations with minimum horizontal grid spacings of Δx = 1 km. However, amplitudes of the associated grid-resolved vertical motions were unreliable when compared with simulations having minimum horizontal grid spacings of Δx = 1/3 km. In spite of this, turbulence forecasting systems driven by input from coarser-resolution operational NWP models are demonstrated to provide good diagnoses of this type of convectively influenced CAT when the NWP model accurately forecasts upstream convection.

Significance Statement

In this study we document the role of distant convection on observed widespread strong clear-air turbulence near upper-level jet streams in different weather patterns. Results from nested NWP model simulations, together with similar examples from previous case studies, suggest a strong association of widespread turbulence with jet stream enhancements related to outflow from upstream convection. We also demonstrate how model horizontal grid spacings of <1 km are required to adequately resolve common turbulence onset mechanisms (e.g., Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, gravity wave breaking). Nevertheless, examples are provided showing that turbulence forecasting systems driven by lower-resolution operational NWP models can provide potentially valuable guidance on these widespread turbulence events when those models accurately forecast the timing and locations of upstream convection.
Early Cholecystectomy in Gallstone Pancreatitis Patients With and Without End Organ Dysfunction: A NQSIP Analysis
Authors: Liu Jessica K. , Braschi Caitlyn , de Virgilio Christian M. , Ozao-Choy Junko , Kim Dennis Y. , Moazzez Ashkan
Published: June 2022

Introduction

While literature widely supports early cholecystectomy for mild gallstone pancreatitis (GSP), this has not been reflected in clinical practice. Early cholecystectomy for GSP with end organ dysfunction remains controversial.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the rate and outcomes of early cholecystectomy (<3 days from admission) in mild GSP patients with end organ dysfunction (+EOD) and without (–EOD).

Methods

Patients with GSP without necrosis were identified from 2017 to 2019 NSQIP database and categorized into GSP±EOD. Coarsened Exact Matching was used to match patients based on preoperative risk factors in each group, and outcomes were compared.

Results

There was a total of 3104 patients –EOD and 917 +EOD in the aggregate cohort. Early cholecystectomy was performed in 1520 (49.0%) of GSP-EOD and in 407 (44.4%) of GSP+EOD. In the matched cohorts, there were no significant differences in 30-day mortality, morbidity, or reoperation for early cholecystectomy in either group. In GSP-EOD, early cholecystectomy was associated with shorter LOS (2.9 ± 1.5 vs. 5.6 ± 3.0 days, P < .001), shorter operative time (69.7 ± 34.4 vs. 73.3 ± 36.6 min, P = .045), and more concurrent biliary procedures (52.1% vs. 35.4%, P < .001). Similarly, early cholecystectomy in GSP+EOD was associated with shorter LOS (3.3 ± 1.8 vs. 6.9 ± 6.6 days, P < .001), shorter operative time (65.9 ± 32.1 vs. 76.0 ± 40.7, P < .001), and more concurrent biliary procedure (46.0% vs. 34.9%, P = .002).

Conclusions

This study supports early cholecystectomy in patients with mild GSP. Even with end organ dysfunction, early cholecystectomy appears to be safe given there is no difference in morbidity and mortality, and the potential benefit of reduced LOS.
Cosmopolitan social infrastructure and immigrant cross-ethnic friendship
Authors: Lauer Sean
Published: June 2022

How do newcomers make cross-ethnic connections and friendships? This article investigates the role of associations as a location for making cross-ethnic friendships. Cosmopolitan social infrastructure includes public spaces, commercial establishments, and community organizations that attract a diversity of people into interaction. I look specifically at the importance of participation in cosmopolitan associations for cross-ethnic friendship. I approach these questions with an analysis of a nationally representative sample of Canadians collected as part of the Ethnic Diversity Survey. I find that participation in cosmopolitan associations is associated with having cross-ethnic friendship groups. To address the robustness of these findings, I use techniques from both longitudinal and treatment effects analysis. The findings suggest that cosmopolitan social infrastructure contributes to participants’ having cross-ethnic friendship groups.
The surviving power of Brahmin privilege
Authors: Sen Amritorupa
Published: June 2022

The caste system in India traditionally confers immense prestige to upper caste Brahmins and severely curtails the backward castes. In spite of institutional efforts to diminish caste-based discrimination, several contemporary studies underscore the invisible ways in which caste operates. The central question that this article asks is, ‘How do Brahmins maintain and assert their privilege today?’. Focusing on the Brahmin residents of Deulpota (village in West Bengal) and rural Brahmin migrants in Kolkata (city), I trace their social networks to learn about how Brahmins subtly maintain their status and privilege in day-to-day life. I argue that Brahmins form and maintain social networks in ways which innocuously preserve their privileges through social capital accessed from diverse asymmetrical relations. These privileges and advantages are sustained through Brahmins’ networks of the instrumental kind. Wealthy Brahmins forge these relations to preserve their social position, their family lineage and to control the subordinates while the struggling resource-poor Brahmins use their caste position to cope with impediments of their class status. As such, this study shows how being Brahmin allows for easier access to important instrumental relations (which are not merely caste-based) and resources embedded in them.
Coping Strategies and Their Relationship With Subjective Distress due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil
Authors: Campos Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini , Campos Lucas Arrais , Martins Bianca Gonzalez , Marôco João
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To identify the strategies used by Brazilian adults for coping with the COVID-19 pandemic and to verify the effect of these strategies on subjective distress.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional observational study with online data collection in May/June 2020, November/December 2020, and May/June 2021. The BriefCOPE Inventory and the Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) were used. The prevalence of strategies used at different time points was estimated with a 95% confidence interval and compared with a z-test. A multiple logistic regression model was constructed and the odds ratio (OR, 95%CI) was calculated to verify the probability of subjective distress according to the coping strategy used.

Results

Younger individuals had a lower prevalence of adaptive strategies, which increased significantly with age. Participants with higher income levels had a higher prevalence of adaptive strategies, as did those who were never diagnosed with a mental health disorder. The prevalence of using only maladaptive strategies ranged from 6.1% to 5.4% ( p > 0.05). The use of problem-centered strategies (Active Coping and Planning), venting of emotions, and substance use increased with time, while acceptance and behavioral disengagement decreased. In general, the population used problem-centered strategies, but the high prevalence of problem avoidance was striking. Positive reinterpretation and acceptance were protective factors for subjective distress, whereas maladaptive strategies increased the chance of distress. The presence of a negative valence component (problem- or emotion-centered) increased the chance of subjective distress, whereas strategies based on Problem Solving acted as a protective factor.

Conclusion

Coping strategies were significantly associated to subjective distress and have changed since the beginning of the pandemic. Strategies focused on emotion regulation may be relevant to minimize distress.
Electromagnetic wave forward modeling of coal-gangue mixed model in top coal caving mining face
Authors: Si Lei , Xing Feng , Wang Zhongbin , Tan Chao
Published: June 2022

The automatic control of top coal caving is of great significance to realize intelligent coal mining. In the process of top coal caving, a coal-gangue mixed area containing coal, gangue, and air is formed at the tail beam of the hydraulic support, which has different electromagnetic parameters, different volumes, and different shapes. To explore the transmission characteristics of electromagnetic wave in coal-gangue mixed model and the influence of different gangue ratios on electromagnetic wave propagation, the coal-gangue mixed model is established based on the random medium theory. Some electromagnetic forward modeling is carried out with different coal-gangue granularities, electromagnetic parameters, and gangue ratios based on finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and finite-integration time-domain (FITD) methods. The results show that different granularities of coal and gangue will affect the amplitude of electromagnetic wave time-domain waveform. Under the same particle size, the equivalent electromagnetic parameters in the coal-gangue mixed medium will be larger with higher gangue ratio. Furthermore, the difference of transmitted wave signals between different gangue ratios will be larger with higher electromagnetic parameters difference of the coal and gangue. For higher refractive index, the propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave in the medium and the transmitted wave amplitude will be smaller. In addition, the comparison results illustrate that the rules of electromagnetic wave propagation obtained by FDTD and FITD methods are basically the same, which verifies the correctness of the simulations in this paper. The simulation results can lay a theoretical foundation for identifying the coal-gangue mixed degree in the process of top coal caving.
Interactive route choice and prescriptive information on degradable network
Authors: Li Manman , Lu Jian , Sun Jiahui
Published: June 2022

This study models and analyzes the dynamic interaction between route choice and prescriptive information on a degradable network. The predictively prescriptive information is first explicitly modeled based on travelers’ behavior and historical data. Its accuracy is then dynamically measured to adjust the information compliance rate based on travelers’ expectations and experiences. Finally, a logit function is adopted to describe travelers’ route choice. Based on the proposed model, the dynamic interaction between route choice and prescriptive information on a degradable network is investigated by theoretical analyses and numerical experiments, which provides insights for the design and operation of advanced traveler information systems and traffic management.