bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SCIENCE, SOCIETY AND CIVILIZATION IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE
Authors: Pisano Raffaele
Published: August 2021

What about science, society and education in the history? In the 19th century Europe the figure of the scientific engineer is emerging. In Paris the Grandes Écoles were founded, where the most distinguished mathematicians of the time taught to students and drew up treaties. and Joseph–Louis Lagrange (1736–1813) and Gaspard Monge (1746–1818) were among the first professors of mathematics at École Polytechnique (1794), a military school for the training of engineers. In 1794 the École Normal of Paris was also born, in 1808, the École normale supérieure Paris was founded, a school that had as its goal the training of teachers of both science and humanities. On this model, with a Napoleonic decree of 1813, it was established the first foundation of the Scuola Normale in Pisa. The attention of the French mathematicians toward applications was therefore, at least in part, due to the need of educational institutions to train technicians for the new state. Such an attitude is not found in Germany, the country that in the nineteenth century was with France at the forefront of European mathematics. On the one hand, great importance was attributed to purely theoretical disciplines, such as number theory and abstract algebra, on the other hand the natural philosophy aim to frame in the same theory at all the physical disciplines. In Germany a great engineering school eventually developed which become dominant in Europe. But interaction between scientists and engineers has existed since ancient times: e.g., for the study of prototypes and machines for the society. Questions might be: when, why and how the tension between mathematics, physics, astronomy, gave rise to a new scientific discipline, the modern engineering? What is the conceptual bridge between sciences researches and the organization of technological researches in the development of the industry?
AN INVESTIGATION OF VARIOUS VARIABLES’ EFFECTS ON MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS’ SKILLS OF RECOGNIZING FIGURE PATTERNS
Authors: Biber Abdullah Cagri , Tuna Abdulkadir , Incikabi Lutfi , Yigit Engin
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the middle school students’ skill of determining figure patterns in terms of the variables of gender, grade, and mathematics achievement. Being descriptive in nature, this study conducted through relational survey method. The participants of the study were total of 137 (fifth, sixth and seventh grade) students from a middle school placed in a province of northern Turkey. Among the results of the study were that the students’ skills of detecting figure pattern did not considerably affected by their grade levels. However, in the figure pattern test female students were more successful than the males. Moreover, a positively-directed strong relationship was detected among the points which students get from mathematic lesson and their achievement in the figure pattern test. Based on the observations done, the middle school students’ mistakes in the test were mostly due to their lack of attention to the questions; they mostly focused on the drawing of the figure patterns and did not think the relation between the number of figures and steps.
Key words: figure patterns, mathematics education, middle school students.
Diseño e implementación de un dispositivo de alerta temprana utilizando un sistema de comunicaciones inalámbrica y móvil para prever accidentes de tránsito
Authors: Martínez Guashima Oswaldo Geovanny , Paucar Samaniego Jorge Luis , Guaranga Broncano Edwin Xavier
Published: August 2021

Introducción. Se ha desarrollado un dispositivo electrónico basado en un sistema de comunicaciones inalámbricas y móvil para prever accidentes de tránsito. Las señales medidas en el conductor fueron la concentración de alcohol en la sangre a través de una prueba de aliento y la frecuencia cardíaca. Metodología. Se implementaron dos bloques físicos: bloque de procesamiento y bloque de control y medición; y un bloque de alerta y monitoreo que consta de dos aplicaciones móviles compatibles con smartphones. La comunicación entre los bloques se realizó mediante tecnología WLAN, utilizando el protocolo MQTT de la capa de aplicación del modelo de interconexión de sistemas abiertos (OSI). Resultados. La información fue procesada con las plataformas de hardware libre NodeMCU y Raspberry Pi, dentro del bloque de control y medición, si el sensor de alcohol detecta un nivel de concentración superior a 0.3gr/l. el automóvil no puede encenderse y se envía una notificación a través de internet mediante la red 3G/UMTS, con la información de la ubicación del automóvil y porcentaje de alcohol; de igual manera, se mide la frecuencia cardíaca y la información obtenida se muestra en la aplicación móvil de monitoreo. Dentro del bloque de procesamiento, la información de los sensores es receptada mediante la plataforma Node-RED, donde se realiza la conexión hacia el servicio de alerta temprana. Conclusión. Se concluyó que el monitoreo de señales biométricas ayuda a obtener precaución al momento de operar una máquina que requiere de una alta concentración del usuario y, el uso de tecnologías inalámbricas facilita la obtención de esta información. Se recomienda en un futuro utilizar la infraestructura de red 5G, para mayor rendimiento del sistema.
Development of a Method of Analysis of Ofloxacin in the Complex Preparation "Ofloxazol"
Authors: Kobeleva T. A. , Sichko A. I. , Zamaraeva A. I. , Bessonova N. S.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. The creation of new effective antibacterial drugs for the treatment and prevention of purulent-inflammatory diseases is an urgent task of modern pharmacy. Active use in the treatment of purulent infection is found by chemotherapeutic agents from the class of fluoroquinolones, which include ofloxacin.

Aim. Development of a method for the quantitative determination of ofloxacin in the complex preparation "Ofloxazol".

Materials and methods. For the analysis, the substance ofloxacin, titanium-containing gel "Tizol", solutions of ofloxacin on 95 % ethanol, hydrochloric acid 0.01 mol/l, ointment under the conditional name "Ofloxazol" containing 0.5 % of the drug in the gel "Tizol" were used. The study was carried out by near-UV spectrophotometry.

Results and discussion. When studying the absorption spectra, it was found that for the quantitative spectrophotometric analysis of ofloxacin, it is rational to use the wavelength range of 275-320 nm (λmax = 294 nm). Statistical processing of the analysis results showed that the relative error of quantitative determination does not exceed ±1.66 %. The sensitivity of the determination of ofloxacin is 0.245 mcg/ml at A(min) = 0.02. The developed method is validated. Its specificity, linearity, correctness and precision are confirmed. According to the calibration schedule, the content of ofloxacin in the soft dosage form is determined, it is in the range of 0.0483-0.0562 g, which corresponds to the permissible deviations.

Conclusion. The conducted studies allowed us to develop and propose a method for the quantitative determination of ofloxacin in the ointment "Ofloxazol", obtained on a titanium-containing basis. The method allows you to evaluate the quality of manufacturing the dosage form, including setting the content of the drug with an error that does not exceed the standard deviations.
Analisis Hubungan Manajemen Laba dan Struktur Kepemilikan Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan di BEI Tahun 2016-2019
Authors: Dewi Sari , Lisa Lisa
Published: August 2021

Firm performance includes the activities produced by company management and high firm performance can be said to allow them to plan their work according to their own goals and take risks with full responsibility. This study was conducted to determine the effect of earnings management, the size of the board of directors, and ownership structure (blockholders ownership, institutional ownership, family ownership, and managerial ownership) on the firm's performance. By using sample data listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2016 to 2019. Because there are several previous studies that produce different values ?? on firm performance. Therefore, it is necessary to re-examine this. In this study using the firm's performance with Tobin's Q model to determine the value of asset management generated by the company. The data used is panel data with secondary data collection techniques to test outliers by SPSS software version 25, then test descriptive statistics, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, R Square, F test, and also t-test using Eviews software version 10. The results of this study conclude that both accrual-based and real earnings management have a significant positive effect on firm performance, while the size of the board of directors has a significant negative effect on performance. The ownership structure has no significant effect on the firm's performance. The result of insignificant results could be caused by not supporting the agency theory perspective, as well as the lack of company control.
Emerging infectious diseases of amphibians in Poland: distribution and environmental drivers
Authors: Palomar G , Jakóbik J , Bosch J , Kolenda K , Kaczmarski M , Jośko P , Roces-Díaz JV , Stachyra P , Thumsová B , Zieliński P , Pabijan M
Published: August 2021

Emerging infectious diseases are a threat to biodiversity and have taken a large toll on amphibian populations worldwide. The chytrid fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and B. salamandrivorans (Bsal), and the iridovirus Ranavirus (Rv), are of concern as all have contributed to amphibian declines. In central and eastern Europe, their geographical and host distributions and main environmental drivers determining prevalence are poorly known. We screened over 1000 amphibians from natural and captive populations in Poland for the presence of Bd, Bsal and Rv. In wild amphibian populations, we found that Bd is widespread, present in 46 out of 115 sampled localities as well as 2 captive colonies, and relatively common with overall prevalence at 14.4% in 9 species. We found lower prevalence of Rv at 2.4%, present in 11 out of 92 sampling sites, with a taxonomic breadth of 8 different amphibian species. Bsal infection was not detected in any individuals. In natural populations, Pelophylax esculentus and Bombina variegata accounted for 75% of all Bd infections, suggesting a major role for these 2 species as pathogen reservoirs in Central European freshwater habitats. General linear models showed that climatic as well as landscape features are associated with Bd infection in Poland. We found that higher average annual temperature constrains Bd infection, while landscapes with numerous water bodies or artificial elements (a surrogate for urbanization) increase the chances of infection. Our results show that a combination of climatic and landscape variables may drive regional and local pathogen emergence.
Coloration is related to habitat in Gymnothorax mordax, a kelp forest predator
Authors: Dale KE , Hallisey R , Mehta RS
Published: August 2021

Animal coloration serves a variety of functions, including communication and camouflage. We quantified hue, luminance, countershading, and pigmentation pattern of the California moray eel Gymnothorax mordax and determined whether coloration was correlated with the environmental variables of the kelp forest ecosystem. The California moray is an elongate, predatory, crevice-dwelling fish that does not rapidly change color. We photographed morays trapped at a variety of depths in 4 environmentally diverse sites around the Two Harbors isthmus on Catalina Island, California, USA. Depth, substrate type, cover type, horizontal visibility, and reef rugosity were recorded for the environment surrounding each trapped eel. We found that eels were lighter, redder, and yellower in shallow habitats with high percentages of sand, bare substrate, and seagrass. In habitats with greater substrate diversity, clearer water, and a higher percentage of boulder, morays were darker, greener, and bluer. Despite their benthic, crevice-dwelling behavior, we found that all individuals exhibited countershading, which was most extreme at the head and tail. Pigment spots became larger and more uniform in size as standard length increased, but few other size- or age-related color changes were found. We found little evidence that coloration is correlated with foraging success and instead speculate that coloration is established post-settlement in smaller size classes not examined in this study. This work shows that California morays exhibit a range of colorations and that hue and luminance are correlated with environmental variables in the Two Harbors region of Catalina Island.
Revision of occurrence and phytosociology of Ranunculus pedatus Waldst. et Kit. in Slovakia
Authors: Eliáš Pavol , Dítě Zuzana , Eliášová Mariana , Dítě Daniel
Published: August 2021

Ranunculus pedatus is a Eurasian species with a northern distribution edge in southern Slovakia. In the nineties of the 20th century, it was assumed that the species probably occurs only near Štúrovo. Occurrence in the Hron and Ipeľ basins and several localities in the Podunajská nížina lowland between Komárno and Štúrovo was considered historical. Our research was conducted in the field and herbarium collections of 15 herbaria in Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia. Except for the well-known occurrence on salt habitats north of Štúrovo, we confirmed the recent occurrence of R. pedatus in Štúrovo town, around Chľaba village and in Ipeľ Basin (Pastovce, Tupá). The new, easternmost Slovak locality was found near the village of Koláre. Recently, 30% of all known sites were confirmed, so we propose reclassifying the species in Slovak Red List from the category critically endangered (CR) to the category endangered (EN). It occurs in salty meadows of the alliance Festucion pseudovinae (class Festuco-Puccinellietea) and in mesic meadows of alliance Arrhenatherion elatioris and Deschampsion cespitosae (class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea).
Plant Phylogeny Posters – Concise Overviews of Plant Phylogeny now in Czech and Slovak
Authors: Cole Theodor C. H. , Hilger Hartmut H. , Majeský Ľuboš , Mártonfi Pavo
Published: August 2021

The Plant Phylogeny Posters (PPP) project is a free and regularly updated portfolio providing details of phylogenetic relationships of extant lineages of plants in a clear and appealing format for academia and general interest groups. The portfolio consists of three main posters: Angiosperm Phylogeny Poster (APP), Tracheophyte Phylogeny Poster (TPP), Bryophyte Phylogeny Poster (BPP), plus 30 posters of selected orders and families of angiosperms. Each poster depicts a tree showing the evolutionary relationships of a particular group on the level of orders, families, or genera also listing important apomorphic, plesiomorphic and diagnostic traits. The electronic format of these posters allows for regular updates based on most recent research results – thus the topology of the trees is largely up-to-date. All posters are freely available on ResearchGate and on the webpages of the authors.
Overview of the floristic and taxonomic studies on Iridaceae Juss. in Bulgaria
Authors: Raycheva Tsvetanka , Stoyanov Kiril , Ranđelović Vladimir , Uzundzhalieva Katya , Marinov Julian , Trifonov Vladimir
Published: August 2021

According to the current data, the family Iridaceae is represented in Bulgaria by 30 species, grouped into 5 genera. The territory of Bulgaria, as part of the Balkan Peninsula, is characterized as a part of a secondary speciation center for the largest genera in the Iris and Crocus. In addition to widespread species, there are local and regional endemics that are of great conservation importance. Despite this fact, it is little known about the taxonomy and phylogeny of Iridaceae in Bulgaria. The main purpose of this publication is to present the degree of study of the family in Bulgarian literature, compared to the investigations in the Balkan Peninsula and the literature in the world. Inventory of the collections in the national herbaria SO, SOA and SOM have done. Most of the materials have been collected in the years of the active field studies on the Bulgarian flora – at the beginning of the 20th century until the taxonomical work on the family in vol. II of Flora Reipublicae Popularis Bulgaricae in the middle 60s. The lack of taxonomical investigations in Bulgarian flora justifies the need to reconsider the taxonomical structure of the Iridaceae family. Preliminary studies on species chorology have shown that the Bulgarian floristic literature's data are outdated and do not coincide with recent taxonomic changes in polymorphic paraphyletic and polyphyletic groups. On other hand, the decisions in the phylogenetic relationships between the polyphyletic taxa could be realized using molecular techniques, which have not yet been implemented for the species in Bulgaria. The taxonomic complexity of the group and still scarce knowledge demands further studies in Bulgarian flora, including investigating phylogenetic relationships.
New floristic records from Central Europe 7 (reports 99-108)
Authors: Dudáš Matej , Górecki Artur , Király Gergely , Pliszko Artur , Schmotzer András
Published: August 2021

The presented seventh part of the series includes ten new chorological records of vascular plants, two from Hungary, one from Poland and seven from Slovakia. In Hungary, locally introduced species Catalpa ovata spreading by seeds and the first occurrence of Carex depressa subsp. transsilvanica out of n the Zemplén Mts. was recorded. In Poland, the fifth record of Salvinia natans in the area of Kraków was found. In Slovakia, localities of four native species, Pilosella densiflora, P. leptophyton, Taraxacum bavaricum and Trifolium sarosiense were found as well as three alien species Phytolacca esculenta, Sorbus intermedia and the first record of garden escape of Euphorbia myrsinites. Distribution map of Taraxacum bavaricum in Slovakia is also presented.
The Role of Accounting Information in Risk Management in the Saudi Banks under Digital Services: Exploratory Study
Authors: Zaki Osemy Dr. Ahmed Zakaria
Published: August 2021

This research aims to determine the role of using useful accounting information in risk management in Saudi banks under digital services.
This study is based on an exploratory study and desk study from the literature review.
This study revealed that there is a statistically significant relationship between using useful accounting information in the risk management process in Saudi banks under digital services and achieving positive results in general. There is a positive and strong correlation, the value of which is 0.94. This study, also, revealed that there is a statistically significant relationship between using accounting information in risk management in the Saudi banks under digital services and reducing risks. There is a positive and strong correlation, the value of which is 0.80. In addition, the study revealed that there is a statistically significant relationship between using accounting information in risk management in the Saudi banks under digital services and avoiding risks. There is a positive and moderate correlation, the value of which is 0.66.
Finally, the researcher recommends the necessity of using useful accounting information in the Saudi banks properly to improve the quality of risk management process more and more, especially under digital services.
The Effect of Price Perception, Service Convenience, Service Quality and Brand Equity On Ticket Purchase Decisions During Covid-19 Pandemic Through Consumer Satisfaction as A Mediating Variable
Authors: Apriani Ari , Widayati* Cristina Catur , Vita Losi Rizky
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has made sectors experienced a decline in many businesses engaged in transportation services, especially aviation. Since lockdown was implemented, the Government has tightened entry rules in Indonesian territory by including a COVID-19 free certificate using the rapid test/PCR. The population in this study were all Citilink Airlines consumers in West Jakarta and 280 respondents as samples. This study was different from previous research by using different variables and models in this study. The method used in this study was quantitative analysis with SEM analysis tools and Smart PLS 3.3 tools. The results in this study indicated that price perception, service convenience, and service quality had a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction. Brand equity had no positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction. Price perception on purchasing decisions had a negative and significant effect. Meanwhile, service convenience, service quality, and brand equity on purchasing decisions hada positive and significant effects.
Summary of Research on Occupational Health Psychology of Social Workers
Authors: Chen Xinying
Published: August 2021

With the cultivation of the government, the team of social workers continues to grow. The occupational mental health status of social workers has been paid more and more attention. Based on screening and combing the existing literature on occupational health psychology of social workers in China, this paper summarizes and reviews the research on psychological stress, anxiety and depression, and job burnout of social workers, extracts solutions and strategies from the existing research results, and hopes to be helpful to the construction and development of local social work talent team.
Lærerrollen der blev væk: Opbygningen af et transformativt lærerideal
Authors: Skov Tobias Kidde
Published: August 2021

This article raises the question if the role of the vocational teachers needs another teacher’s ideal. The foundation of the article is a rising tendency to describe the teacher’s role by other means than being a teacher and making the role of the teacher a matter of bringing students safely and easily to a learning outcome, through a teaching task described as both a supervisor, facilitator, motivator, and consultant.

The article commences by explaining the tendency to understand the vocational teacher by others means than a teacher. Through analysis of ideas from Gert Biesta, Hartmut Rosa and Andrea English, the article will point to a transformative teaching ideal as a way of understanding the role of the vocational teacher, and at the same time try to exemplify this teacher ideal through different types of vocational education. The article will conclude by arguing that a transformative understanding of the teacher’s role can be seen as a more embracing ideal as opposed to the current trend of constructivism, and at the same time as an ideal, that gives back the original teaching task to the teacher.
Laparoscopic extralevator abdominoperineal resection with perineal reconstruction with gluteal flap (clinical case)
Authors: Khubezov D. A. , Ignatov I. S. , Ogoreltsev A. Yu. , Li Yu. B.
Published: August 2021

AIM: to demonstrate the first experience of extralevator abdominoperineal resection (ELAPR) with gluteoplasty.PATIENTS AND METHODS: patient K., aged 71 years old, with a low rectal cancer cT3aN0M1a CRM– EMVI+ (IV st) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy, underwent surgery. Laparoscopic extralevator abdominoperineal resection with gluteoplasty was performed.RESULTS: the patient was mobilized on the next day after surgery, the drain tubes were removed on the 5th day. On the 7th day, the seroma of the perineal wound without signs of suppuration was drained. No discomfort or movement disorders were noted. The patient was discharged in satisfactory condition on the 17th day.CONCLUSION: the presented clinical case allows us to consider gluteoplasty as a promising method for reconstruction of the pelvic floor defect after ELAPR.
Crohn’s disease manifested with massive colonic bleeding (review and a clinical case)
Authors: Atroshchenko A. O. , Kolygin A. V. , Severova M. M. , Markushin L. I.
Published: August 2021

Massive gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a rare complication of Crohn’s disease (CD). For the recent decades a number of medical and surgical methods to control the GIB have been introduced. However, the unified algorithm and approach to this subset of patients is still lacking, mostly due to the absence of adequately powered and wellconducted RCTs. Determining the optimal treatment approach to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients who develop a GIB is still a valid research target.
An Authentication Study on Grappa Spirit: The Use of Chemometrics to Detect a Food Fraud
Authors: Arduini Silvia , Zappi Alessandro , Locatelli Marcello , Sgrò Salvatore , Melucci Dora
Published: August 2021

An authenticity study on Italian grape marc spirit was carried out by gas chromatography (GC) and chemometrics. A grape marc spirit produced in Italy takes the particular name of “grappa”, a product which has peculiar tradition and production in its country of origin. Therefore, the evaluation of its authenticity plays an important role for its consumption in Italy, as well as for its exportation all around the world. For the present work, 123 samples of grappa and several kinds of spirits were analyzed in their alcohol content by electronic densimetry, and in their volatile fraction by gas-chromatography with a flame-ionization detector. Part of these samples (94) was employed as a training set to compute a chemometric model (by linear discriminant analysis, LDA) and the other part (29 samples) was used as a test set to validate it. Finally, two grappa samples seized from the market by the Italian Customs and Monopolies Agency and considered suspicious due to their aroma reported as non-compliant were projected onto the LDA model to evaluate the compliance with the “grappa” class. A further one-class classification method by principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to evaluate the compliance with other classes. Results showed that the suspicious samples were not recognized as belonging to any of the analyzed spirit classes, confirming the starting hypothesis that they could be grappa samples adulterated in some way.
Deep Multimodal Emotion Recognition on Human Speech: A Review
Authors: Koromilas Panagiotis , Giannakopoulos Theodoros
Published: August 2021

This work reviews the state of the art in multimodal speech emotion recognition methodologies, focusing on audio, text and visual information. We provide a new, descriptive categorization of methods, based on the way they handle the inter-modality and intra-modality dynamics in the temporal dimension: (i) non-temporal architectures (NTA), which do not significantly model the temporal dimension in both unimodal and multimodal interaction; (ii) pseudo-temporal architectures (PTA), which also assume an oversimplification of the temporal dimension, although in one of the unimodal or multimodal interactions; and (iii) temporal architectures (TA), which try to capture both unimodal and cross-modal temporal dependencies. In addition, we review the basic feature representation methods for each modality, and we present aggregated evaluation results on the reported methodologies. Finally, we conclude this work with an in-depth analysis of the future challenges related to validation procedures, representation learning and method robustness.
Global Art Market in the Aftermath of COVID-19: A Case Study on the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Grinstead Eve
Published: August 2021

How has COVID-19 affected the global art market? This virus interrupted 2020 in unforeseen ways globally, including the cancellation of the most important art events of the year. Through a close chronological study of the Emirati art scene’s response, both in commercial and noncommercial venues, this essay explains how, and why, the UAE’s art scene was able to react quickly and perhaps more effectively than that of other nations, and what that means for its future. Based on fieldwork and press articles, this article posits that the Emirati art scene evolved from being virtually non-existent to a thriving contemporary art hub in a matter of decades because it has always had to adapt to challenges such as nonexistent art infrastructure or the 2008 financial crisis. By studying the UAE, we find examples of exhibitions that quickly moved from being in situ to online, a rare instance of galleries and art auction house collaborating, government and institutional structures stepping up to support artists and galleries, and the renaissance of Art Dubai taking place in person in 2021 after being abruptly cancelled in 2020. This knowledge provides insight into how the global art market is changing to face the consequences of COVID-19.
New Necessary Conditions for the Well-Posedness of Steady Bioconvective Flows and Their Small Perturbations
Authors: Coronel Aníbal , Huancas Fernando , Tello Alex , Rojas-Medar Marko
Published: August 2021

We introduce new necessary conditions for the existence and uniqueness of stationary weak solutions and the existence of the weak solutions for the evolution problem in the system arising from the modeling of the bioconvective flow problem. Our analysis is based on the application of the Galerkin method, and the system considered consists of three equations: the nonlinear Navier–Stokes equation, the incompressibility equation, and a parabolic conservation equation, where the unknowns are the fluid velocity, the hydrostatic pressure, and the concentration of microorganisms. The boundary conditions are homogeneous and of zero-flux-type, for the cases of fluid velocity and microorganism concentration, respectively.
A Simple Free-Text-like Method for Extracting Semi-Structured Data from Electronic Health Records: Exemplified in Prediction of In-Hospital Mortality
Authors: Klang Eyal , Levin Matthew A. , Soffer Shelly , Zebrowski Alexis , Glicksberg Benjamin S. , Carr Brendan G. , Mcgreevy Jolion , Reich David L. , Freeman Robert
Published: August 2021

The Epic electronic health record (EHR) is a commonly used EHR in the United States. This EHR contain large semi-structured “flowsheet” fields. Flowsheet fields lack a well-defined data dictionary and are unique to each site. We evaluated a simple free-text-like method to extract these data. As a use case, we demonstrate this method in predicting mortality during emergency department (ED) triage. We retrieved demographic and clinical data for ED visits from the Epic EHR (1/2014–12/2018). Data included structured, semi-structured flowsheet records and free-text notes. The study outcome was in-hospital death within 48 h. Most of the data were coded using a free-text-like Bag-of-Words (BoW) approach. Two machine-learning models were trained: gradient boosting and logistic regression. Term frequency-inverse document frequency was employed in the logistic regression model (LR-tf-idf). An ensemble of LR-tf-idf and gradient boosting was evaluated. Models were trained on years 2014–2017 and tested on year 2018. Among 412,859 visits, the 48-h mortality rate was 0.2%. LR-tf-idf showed AUC 0.98 (95% CI: 0.98–0.99). Gradient boosting showed AUC 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96–0.99). An ensemble of both showed AUC 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98–0.99). In conclusion, a free-text-like approach can be useful for extracting knowledge from large amounts of complex semi-structured EHR data.
Microbiome First Medicine in Health and Safety
Authors: Dietert Rodney R.
Published: August 2021

Microbiome First Medicine is a suggested 21st century healthcare paradigm that prioritizes the entire human, the human superorganism, beginning with the microbiome. To date, much of medicine has protected and treated patients as if they were a single species. This has resulted in unintended damage to the microbiome and an epidemic of chronic disorders [e.g., noncommunicable diseases and conditions (NCDs)]. Along with NCDs came loss of colonization resistance, increased susceptibility to infectious diseases, and increasing multimorbidity and polypharmacy over the life course. To move toward sustainable healthcare, the human microbiome needs to be front and center. This paper presents microbiome-human physiology from the view of systems biology regulation. It also details the ongoing NCD epidemic including the role of existing drugs and other factors that damage the human microbiome. Examples are provided for two entryway NCDs, asthma and obesity, regarding their extensive network of comorbid NCDs. Finally, the challenges of ensuring safety for the microbiome are detailed. Under Microbiome-First Medicine and considering the importance of keystone bacteria and critical windows of development, changes in even a few microbiota-prioritized medical decisions could make a significant difference in health across the life course.
SuFEx-Click Approach for the Synthesis of Soluble Polymer-Bound MacMillan Catalysts for the Asymmetric Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Lee Woong-Sup , Li Linzi , Kim Byeong Moon
Published: August 2021

Novel polymeric MacMillan catalysts were prepared from modified chiral imidazolidin-4-one monomers via sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange chemistry. The resulting polysulfates containing chiral imidazolidin-4-one units could be employed as polymeric organocatalysts for the asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction. With the use of these polysulfate catalysts, sufficient catalytic activity and enantioselectivity were obtained, which were similar to those obtained by monomeric catalysts in a homogeneous catalytic reaction. In addition, the polysulfate catalysts could be recovered and reused five times without a considerable loss of activity and selectivity.
Shortwave Irradiance (1950 to 2020): Dimming, Brightening, and Urban Effects in Central Arizona?
Authors: Brazel Anthony , Tomalty Roger
Published: August 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate long-term change in shortwave irradiance in central Arizona (1950–2020) and to detect apparent dimming/brightening trends that may relate to many other global studies. Global Energy Budget Archives (GEBA) monthly data were accessed for the available years 1950–1994 for Phoenix, Arizona and other selected sites in the Southwest desert. Monthly data of the database called gridMET were accessed, a 4-km gridded climate data based on NLDAS-2 and available for the years 1979–2020. Three Agricultural Meteorological Network (AZMET) automated weather stations in central Arizona have observed hourly shortwave irradiance over the period 1987–present. Two of the rural AZMET sites are located north and south of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area, and another site is in the center of the city of Phoenix. Using a combination of GEBA, gridMET, and AZMET data, annual time series demonstrate dimming up to late 1970s, early 1980s of −30 W/m2 (−13%), with brightening changes in the gridMET data post-1980 of +9 W/m2 (+4.6%). An urban site of the AZMET network showed significant reductions post-1987 up to 2020 of −9 W/m2 (3.8%) with no significant change at the two rural sites.
Androgen Deprivation Therapy, Hypogonadism and Cardiovascular Toxicity in Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gheorghe Gabriela Silvia , Hodorogea Andreea Simona , Ciobanu Ana , Nanea Ioan Tiberiu , Gheorghe Andrei Cristian Dan
Published: August 2021

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is successfully used in patients with advanced prostatic cancer, but there are many concerns about its systemic side effects, especially due to advanced age and frequent comorbidities in most patients. In patients treated with ADT there are metabolic changes involving the glycaemic control and lipid metabolism, increased thrombotic risk, an increased risk of myocardial infarction, severe arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Still, these adverse effects can be also due to the subsequent hypogonadism. Men with heart failure or coronary artery disease have a lower level of serum testosterone than normal men of the same age, and hypogonadism is related to higher cardiovascular mortality. Many clinical studies compared the cardiovascular effects of hypogonadism post orchiectomy or radiotherapy with those of ADT but their results are controversial. However, current data suggest that more intensive treatment of cardiovascular risk factors and closer cardiological follow-up of older patients under ADT might be beneficial. Our paper is a narrative review of the literature data in this field.
SLE Single-Step Purification and HPLC Isolation Method for Sterols and Triterpenic Dialcohols Analysis from Olive Oil
Authors: León-Camacho Manuel , del Carmen Pérez-Camino María
Published: August 2021

The unsaponifiable fraction of oils and fats constitutes a very small fraction but it is an essential part of the healthy properties of some specific oils. It is a complex fraction formed by a large number of minor compounds and it is a source of information to characterize and authenticate the oil sample. Specially, the composition of sterols of any oil or fat is a distinctive feature of itself and, therefore, it has become a useful tool for detecting contaminants and adulterants in oils. A new supported liquid extraction (SLE) technique for the analysis and characterization of the unsaponifiable fraction of fats and oils is proposed. The SLE system includes, as a stationary phase, a combination of adsorbent materials which allow a highly purified unsaponifiable matter ready to be isolated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and quantified by gas chromatography (GC). This method ensures the removal of fatty acids, avoiding possible interferences and making the analysis of sterols and triterpenic dialcohols easier. The procedure uses a small sample size (0.2 g), reduces the volume of solvents and reagents, and reduces the handling of samples subjected to analytical control. All this is achieved without losing either precision—a relative standard deviation of each compound lower than the reference value (≤16.4%)—or recovery, being for all compounds higher than 88.00%. Therefore, this new technique represents a significant economic and time saving in business control laboratories, a larger productivity and enhancement of working safety.
Genome Size Dynamics in Marine Ribbon Worms (Nemertea, Spiralia)
Authors: Paule Juraj , von Döhren Jörn , Sagorny Christina , Nilsson Maria A.
Published: August 2021

Nemertea is a phylum consisting of 1300 mostly marine species. Nemertea is distinguished by an eversible muscular proboscis, and most of the species are venomous. Genomic resources for this phylum are scarce despite their value in understanding biodiversity. Here, we present genome size estimates of Nemertea based on flow cytometry and their relationship to different morphological and developmental traits. Ancestral genome size estimations were done across the nemertean phylogeny. The results increase the available genome size estimates for Nemertea three-fold. Our analyses show that Nemertea has a narrow genome size range (0.43–3.89 pg) compared to other phyla in Lophotrochozoa. A relationship between genome size and evolutionary rate, developmental modes, and habitat was found. Trait analyses show that the highest evolutionary rate of genome size is found in upper intertidal, viviparous species with direct development. Despite previous findings, body size in nemerteans was not correlated with genome size. A relatively small genome (1.18 pg) is assumed for the most recent common ancestor of all extant nemerteans. The results provide an important basis for future studies in nemertean genomics, which will be instrumental to understanding the evolution of this enigmatic and often neglected phylum.
Conservation in the Iron Responsive Element Family
Authors: Volz Karl
Published: August 2021

Iron responsive elements (IREs) are mRNA stem-loop targets for translational control by the two iron regulatory proteins IRP1 and IRP2. They are found in the untranslated regions (UTRs) of genes that code for proteins involved in iron metabolism. There are ten “classic” IRE types that define the conserved secondary and tertiary structure elements necessary for proper IRP binding, and there are 83 published “IRE-like” sequences, most of which depart from the established IRE model. Here are structurally-guided discussions regarding the essential features of an IRE and what is important for IRE family membership.
Organic Amendment and Mulching Enhanced the Growth and Fruit Quality of Squash Plants (Cucurbita pepo L.) Grown on Silty Loam Soils
Authors: Youssef Mohamed Ahmed , AL-Huqail Arwa Abdulkreem , Ali Esmat F. , Majrashi Ali
Published: August 2021

Adoption of suitable organic fertilizers and soil mulching are useful tools to enhance soil quality, which will inevitably lead to improved growth and yield of crops. Little is known about the soil organic amendments and Azolla (Azolla pinnata) under soil organic mulching on the growth and yield of squash plant (Cucurbita pepo L.). A comparative study mainly focused on the impacts of organic fertilizer treatments on soil fertility and squash growth under wheat straw mulch was conducted on wooden boxes filled with silty loam soil. Wheat straw, as an organic mulch, and five organic-fertilization treatments were added to the soil. Wheat straw with a size of <2 cm was added to the soil surface with a 2 cm thickness. The fertilization treatments were: control (CO), chemical fertilizer (CF), compost (CT), vermicompost (VC), and dry Azolla (DA). Wheat straw mulch had positive effects on the soil properties, growth, and yield. The maximum fruit yield was obtained from the soil fertilized with DA under wheat straw mulch, while the lowest one was found in the control without mulching. Azolla and organic fertilizers showed a remarkable superiority over the mineral fertilization in increasing the soil fertility as well as the growth and quality of squash fruits; this superiority increased under the wheat straw mulching system. The application of recommended mineral fertilization (CF), compost (CT), vermicompost (VC), and dry Azolla (DA) under wheat straw mulch increased the soil available-N by 2, 20, 12, and 29%, respectively, above the control (CO), while these organic fertilizers without mulching increased the soil available-N by 11, 32, 26, and 48%, respectively. The production of vegetable crops such as squash plants requires the addition of organic fertilizers and mulching to increase yield and quality of fruits.
How Do Proactive Environmental Strategies Affect Green Innovation? The Moderating Role of Environmental Regulations and Firm Performance
Authors: Mulaessa Naveedullah , Lin Lefen
Published: August 2021

Global warming has gained the attention of researchers and authorities to work on the environmental glitches. Prior researchers highlighted that the industrial sector is more responsible for these environmental glitches. The industrial sector is highly participated for climate change problems. In the light of firm’s sustainable development goals, this study focuses on the proactive environmental strategies for green innovation. Furthermore, this study considers the link amid environmental regulations and green innovation, firm performance, and green innovation. Most importantly, this study applies the moderating role of environmental regulations and firm performance on the link amid proactive environmental strategies and green innovation. The outcomes with ordinary least square, fixed effect, generalized method of moments, and feasible generalized least square presents unique conclusions. This study concluded that firms with proactive environmental strategies are more valuable for green innovation practices. The environmental regulations promote green innovative practices. Similarly, firm performance also encourages the firm for green innovative practices. Importantly, these outcomes suggest that environmental regulations positively moderate the link amid proactive environmental strategies and green innovation. In addition, firm performance also plays positive role for positivity amid proactive environmental strategies and green innovation. These findings are imperative addition into the narrow literature of environmental practices at firm level in Pakistan. Moreover, this study suggests various guidelines and directions for policy makers, owners, governments, and stakeholders as promoting the environmental practices for higher profitability as well as minimizing industrial negative effects.
The Ability of the Nitric Oxide Synthases Inhibitor T1023 to Selectively Protect the Non-Malignant Tissues
Authors: Filimonova Marina , Saburova Alina , Makarchuk Victoria , Shevchenko Ljudmila , Surinova Valentina , Yuzhakov Vadim , Yakovleva Nina , Sevankaeva Larisa , Saburov Vyacheslav , Koryakin Sergey , Shegay Petr , Kaprin Andrey , Ivanov Sergey , Filimonov Alexander
Published: August 2021

Previously, we showed that a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, compound T1023, induces transient hypoxia and prevents acute radiation syndrome (ARS) in mice. Significant efficacy (according to various tests, dose modifying factor (DMF)—1.6–1.9 against H-ARS/G-ARS) and safety in radioprotective doses (1/5–1/4 LD10) became the reason for testing its ability to prevent complications of tumor radiation therapy (RT). Research methods included studying T1023 effects on skin acute radiation reactions (RSR) in rats and mice without tumors and in tumor-bearing animals. The effects were evaluated using clinical, morphological and histological techniques as well as RTOG classification. T1023 administration prior to irradiation significantly limited the severity of acute RSR. This was due to a decrease in radiation alteration of the skin and underlying tissues, and the preservation of the functional activity of cell populations that are critical in the pathogenesis of radiation burn. The DMF values for T1023 for skin protection were 1.4–1.7. Moreover, its radioprotective effect was fully selective to normal tissues in RT models of solid tumors—T1023 reduced the severity of acute RSR and did not modify the antitumor effects of γ-radiation. The results indicate that T1023 can selectively protect the non-malignant tissues against γ-radiation due to hypoxic mechanism of action and potentiate opportunities of NOS inhibitors in RT complications prevention.
The Role of Glycoside Hydrolases in Phytopathogenic Fungi and Oomycetes Virulence
Authors: Rafiei Vahideh , Vélëz Heriberto , Tzelepis Georgios
Published: August 2021

Phytopathogenic fungi need to secrete different hydrolytic enzymes to break down complex polysaccharides in the plant cell wall in order to enter the host and develop the disease. Fungi produce various types of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) during infection. Most of the characterized CWDEs belong to glycoside hydrolases (GHs). These enzymes hydrolyze glycosidic bonds and have been identified in many fungal species sequenced to date. Many studies have shown that CWDEs belong to several GH families and play significant roles in the invasion and pathogenicity of fungi and oomycetes during infection on the plant host, but their mode of function in virulence is not yet fully understood. Moreover, some of the CWDEs that belong to different GH families act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which trigger plant immune responses. In this review, we summarize the most important GHs that have been described in eukaryotic phytopathogens and are involved in the establishment of a successful infection.