bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pendeo-Epitaxy - A New Approach for Lateral Growth of Gallium Nitride Structures
Authors: Zheleva Tsvetanka S. , Smith Scott A. , Thomson Darren B. , Gehrke Thomas , Linthicum Kevin J. , Rajagopal Pradeep , Carlson Eric , Ashmawi Waeil M. , Davis Robert F.
Published: January 2018

A new process route for lateral growth of nearly defect free GaN structures via Pendeo-epitaxy is discussed. Lateral growth of GaN films suspended from {110} side walls of [0001] oriented GaN columns into and over adjacent etched wells has been achieved via MOVPE technique without the use of, or contact with, a supporting mask or substrate. Pendeo-epitaxy is proposed as the descriptive term for this growth technique. Selective growth was achieved using process parameters that promote lateral growth of the {110} planes of GaN and disallow nucleation of this phase on the exposed SiC substrate. Thus, the selectivity is provided by tailoring the shape of the underlying GaN layer itself consisting of a sequence of alternating trenches and columns, instead of selective growth through openings in SiO2 or SiNx mask, as in the conventional lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO).

Two modes of initiation of the pendeo-epitaxial GaN growth via MOVPE were observed: Mode A - promoting the lateral growth of the {110} side facets into the wells faster than the vertical growth of the (0001) top facets; and Mode B - enabling the top (0001) faces to grow initially faster followed by the pendeo-epitaxial growth over the wells from the newly formed {110} side facets. Four-to-five order decrease in the dislocation density was observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in the pendeo-epitaxial GaN relative to that in the GaN columns. TEM observations revealed that in pendeo-epitaxial GaN films the dislocations do not propagate laterally from the GaN columns when the structure grows laterally from the sidewalls into and over the trenches. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed that the coalesced regions are either defect-free or sometimes exhibit voids. Above these voids the PEGaN layer is usually defect free.
Molecular Beam Epitaxy of High Quality InGaN Alloys Using Ammonia: Optical and Structural Properties
Authors: Grandjean Nicolas , Massies Jean , Leroux Mathieu , Laügt Marguerite , Vennéguès Philippe , Dalmasso Stéphane , Ruterana Pierre , Hirsch Lionel , Barrière Serge
Published: January 2018

The growth of InGaN layers was carried out by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The nitrogen precursor was ammonia. The optical and structural properties of the InGaN layers have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL). For optimized growth conditions, the PL spectrum of InGaN (x=0.1) alloy is narrow (FWHM ≤ 50 meV) and the Stokes shift measured by PL excitation is weak (<50 meV), i.e. near band edge transitions are observed. Under these conditions, flat surfaces can be obtained, and InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) with sharp interfaces can be grown. On the other hand, when growth conditions depart from a narrow optimum window, the structural quality of the samples strongly degrade, whereas the luminescence spectra are dominated by deep levels, exhibiting a strong Stokes shift. MBE grown light emitting diodes (LEDs) using InGaN/GaN QWs have been fabricated. Their electroluminescence (EL) peaks at 440 nm at 300K.
Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth of GaN on SiC and Sapphire Substrates
Authors: Yu Zhonghai , Johnson M.A.L. , Brown J.D. , El-Masry N.A. , Muth J. F. , Cook J.W. , Schetzina J.F. , Haberern K.W. , Kong H.S. , Edmond J.A.
Published: January 2018

The epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) process for GaN has been studied using SiC and sapphire substrates. Both MBE and MOVPE growth processes were employed in the study. The use of SiO2 versus SiNx insulator stripes was investigated using window/stripe widths ranging from 20 μm/4 μm to 3 μm/15 μm. GaN film depositions were completed at temperatures ranging from 800 °C to 1120 °C. Characterization experiments included RHEED, TEM, SEM and cathodolumenescence studies. The MBE growth experiments produced polycrystalline GaN over the insulator stripes even at deposition temperatures as high as 990 °C. In contrast, MOVPE growth produced single-crystal GaN stripes with no observable threading dislocations.
Homo- and Hetero-Epitaxial Gallium Nitride Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Foxon C.T. , Cheng T.S. , Korakakis D. , Novikov S.V. , Campion R.P. , Grzegory I. , Porowski S. , Albrecht M. , Strunk H.P.
Published: January 2018

Various methods have been used to initiate growth by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) of GaN on sapphire, or other substrates, but there is always a problem with morphology and with a high defect density which results in the formation of a sub-grain boundary structure. We show that by using, homo-epitaxial growth on properly prepared bulk GaN substrates, combined with high temperature growth, we obtain a significant improvement in surface morphology. Growth at sufficiently high temperature leads to a rapid smoothing of the surface and to almost atomically flat surfaces over relatively large areas. Multi-Quantum Well structures grown on such GaN epitaxial films are dislocation free with abrupt interfaces.
Studies on Carbon as Alternative P-Type Dopant for Gallium Nitride
Authors: Birkle U. , Fehrer M. , Kirchner V. , Einfeldt S. , Hommel D. , Strauf S. , Michler P. , Gutowski J.
Published: January 2018

GaN layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and doped with carbon of nominal concentrations ranging from 1016 cm−3 to 1020 cm−3. The incorporation of carbon leads to a reduction of the background electron concentration by one order of magnitude but the material remains n-type. For high carbon concentrations a re-increase of the carrier concentration is observed which is related to selfcompensation. Investigations of the donor-acceptor-pair luminescence show that doping with carbon is accompanied by the generation of a new donor exhibiting a thermal activation energy of about 55 meV. Layers grown by atomic layer epitaxy are marked by an increased intensity of the donor-acceptor-pair band luminescence which is attributed to the enforced incorporation of carbon onto the nitrogen sublattice. The yellow luminescence is found to be a typical feature of all carbon doped layers in contrast to nominally undoped samples.
Characterization of Hot-Electron Effects on Flicker Noise in III-V Nitride Based Heterojunctions
Authors: Ho W.Y. , Fong W.K. , Surya Charles , Tong K.Y. , Lu L.W. , Ge W.K.
Published: January 2018

We report experiments on hot-electron stressing in commercial III-V nitride based heterojunction light-emitting diodes. Stressing currents ranging from 100 mA to 200 mA were used. Degradations in the device properties were investigated through detailed studies of the I-V characteristics, electroluminescence, Deep-Level Transient Fourier Spectroscopy and flicker noise. Our experimental data demonstrated significant distortions in the I-V characteristics. The room temperature electroluminescence of the devices exhibited 25% decrement in the peak emission intensity. Concentration of the deep-levels was examined by measuring the Deep-Level Transient Fourier Spectroscopy, which indicated an increase in the density of deep-traps from 2.7 × 1013 cm−3 to 4.21 × 1013 cm−3 at E1 = EC − 1.1eV. The result is consistent with our study of 1/f noise, which exhibited up to three orders of magnitude increase in the voltage noise power spectra. Our experiments show large increase in both the interface traps and deep-levels resulted from hot-carrier stressing.
Theoretical Studies of ZnO and Related MgxZn1−xO Alloy Band Structures
Authors: Lambrecht Walter R. L. , Limpijumnong Sukit , Segall B.
Published: January 2018

First principles calculations are carried out for ZnO, MgO and ZnMgO2 in various crystal structures. The nature of the valence band ordering in ZnO is shown to depend strongly on the Zn3d band position. MgO in the wurtzitic form is found to gave an unusual 5-fold coordiated structure. The band gap dependence in the alloy system is found to be in fair agreement with experimental data and the band-offset is predicted to be type I.
A Critical Comparison Between MOVPE and MBE Growth of III-V Nitride Semiconductor Materials for Opto-Electronic Device Applications
Authors: Johnson M.A.L. , Yu Zhonghai , Brown J.D. , Koeck F.A. , El-Masry N.A. , Kong H.S. , Edmond J.A. , Cook J.W. , Schetzina J.F.
Published: January 2018

A systematic study of the growth and doping of GaN, AlGaN, and InGaN by both molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) has been performed. Critical differences between the resulting epitaxy are observed in the p-type doping using magnesium as the acceptor species. MBE growth, using rf-plasma sources to generate the active nitrogen species for growth, has been used for III-Nitride compounds doped either n-type with silicon or p-type with magnesium. Blue and violet light emitting diode (LED) test structures were fabricated. These vertical devices required a relatively high forward current and exhibited high leakage currents. This behavior was attributed to parallel shorting mechanisms along the dislocations in MBE grown layers. For comparison, similar devices were fabricated using a single wafer vertical flow MOVPE reactor and ammonia as the active nitrogen species. MOVPE grown blue LEDs exhibited excellent forward device characteristics and a high reverse breakdown voltage. We feel that the excess hydrogen, which is present on the GaN surface due to the dissociation of ammonia in MOVPE, acts to passivate the dislocations and eliminate parallel shorting for vertical device structures. These findings support the widespread acceptance of MOVPE, rather than MBE, as the epitaxial growth technique of choice for III-V nitride materials used in vertical transport bipolar devices for optoelectronic applications.
Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of ZnGeN2
Authors: Limpijumnong Sukit , Rashkeev Sergey N. , Lambrecht Walter R. L.
Published: January 2018

The electronic band structure, structural and bonding, and some linear and nonlinear optical properties are calculated for a new ternary nitride compound ZnGeN2 using first-principles methods. Good agreement is obtained with crystallographic data and with absorption data on the band gap. The prospects for use as nonlinear optical material are discussed.
Influence of Si-Doping on Carrier Localization of Mocvd-grown InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Wells
Authors: Cho Yong-Hoon , Schmidt T. J. , Bidnyk S. , Song J. J. , Keller S. , Mishra U. K. , DenBaars S. P.
Published: January 2018

We have systematically studied the influence of Si doping on the optical characteristics of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) using photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation (PLE), and time-resolved PL spectroscopy combined with studies of optically pumped stimulated emission and structural properties from these materials. The MQWs were grown on 1.8-μm-thick GaN layers on c-plane sapphire films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The structures consisted of 12 MQWs with 3-nm-thick InGaN wells, 4.5-nm-thick GaN barriers, and a 0.1-μm-thick Al0.07Ga0.93N capping layer. The Si doping level in the GaN barriers was varied from 1 × 1017 to 3 × 1019 cm−3. PL and PLE measurements show a decrease in the Stokes shift with increasing Si doping concentration. The 10 K radiative recombination lifetime was observed to decrease with increasing Si doping concentration (n), from ∼ 30 ns (for n < 1 × 1017 cm−3) to ∼ 4 ns (for n = 3 × 1019 cm−3). To elucidate whether non-radiative recombination processes affect the measured lifetime, the temperature-dependence of the measured lifetime was investigated. The reduced Stokes shift, the decrease in radiative recombination lifetime, and the increase in structural and interface quality with increasing Si doping indicate that the incorporation of Si in the GaN barriers results in a decrease in carrier localization at potential fluctuations in the InGaN active regions and the interfaces.
Temperature Dependence of Bound Exciton Emissions in GaN
Authors: Chtchekine D. G. , Gilliland G. D. , Feng Z. C. , Chua S. J. , Wolford D. J. , Ralph S. E. , Schurman M. J. , Ferguson I.
Published: January 2018

The dissociation channels of two prominent bound exciton complexes in wurtzite GaN thin films are determined via an extensive temperature dependent photoluminescence study. The shallow donor bound exciton dissociation at low temperatures (T ≤ 50 K) is found to be dominated by the release of a free exciton with thermal activation energy consistent with the exciton localization energy. At higher temperatures a second dissociation channel with activation energy EA = 28 ± 2 meV is observed. The dissociation of a bound exciton complex with exciton localization energy EXloc = 11.7 meV is also dominated by the release of a free exciton. In contrast to previous studies evidence is presented against the hypothesis of this emission being due to the exciton bound to an ionized donor. We find that it originates most likely from an exciton bound to a neutral acceptor.
Uniformity and Performance Characterization of GaN p-i-n Photodetectors Fabricated from 3-Inch Epitaxy
Authors: Hickman R. , Klaassen J. J. , Van Hove J. M. , Wowchak A. M. , Polley C. , Rosamond M. F. , Chow P. P.
Published: January 2018

Gallium nitride wafer epitaxy on large diameter substrates is critical for the future fabrication of large area UV linear or 2D imaging arrays, as well as for the economical production of other GaN-based devices. Typical group III-nitride deposition is now performed on 2-inch diameter or smaller sapphire substrates. Reported here are visible blind, UV GaN p-i-n photodetectors which have been fabricated on 3-inch diameter (0001) sapphire substrates by RF atomic nitrogen plasma MBE. The uniformity across the wafer of spectral responsivity and shunt resistance (R0) for the p-i-n photodetectors has been characterized. Spectral responsivity and 1/f noise as a function of temperature exceeding 250°C will be presented for the GaN p-i-n photodetectors. Spectral response with >0.17 A/W at peak wavelength and having 4-6 orders of magnitude visible rejection has been achieved. 1/f noise typically less than 10−14 A/Hz1/2 at room temperature also has been achieved with GaN p-i-n photodiodes. The results have been correlated with proposed models for dark current and 1/f noise in GaN diodes.
Optical Characterization of Erbium Doped III-Nitrides Prepared by Metalorganic Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Hömmerich U. , Seo J. T. , Thaik Myo , MacKenzie J. D. , Abernathy C. R. , Pearton S.J. , Wilson R.G. , Zavada J. M.
Published: January 2018

We are currently engaged in a systematic study of the optical properties of Er doped III-nitrides prepared by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE). Under below-gap excitation it was observed that GaN: Er samples with [O]∼1020 cm−3 and [C]∼1021 cm−3 luminesce at 1540 nm with an intensity of more than two orders of magnitude greater than samples with low oxygen and carbon concentrations (< 1019 cm−3). Associated with the different oxygen and carbon concentrations were different thermal quenching behaviors and below-gap absorption bands. Interestingly, for above-gap excitation only small differences in absolute Er3+ PL intensity and quenching behavior were observed for samples of varying O and C content. Initial lifetime studies were performed and showed a rather unusual short decay time of ∼100 μs at room temperature. In order to gain more insight in the Er3+ PL, a comparison of the integrated PL intensity and lifetime was performed for the temperature range 15-500K. The result reveals that the Er3+ PL quenches above room temperature due to the onset of non-radiative decay and the reduction in excitation efficiency. All samples were also investigated for visible luminescence. Red luminescence was observed from GaN: Er on sapphire substrates under below-gap excitation.
Use of performance information by local politicians: a field study in the Portuguese context
Authors: Gomes Patrícia , Fernandes Maria José , Carvalho João B.
Published: January 2018

Abstract This paper presents a qualitative study that aims to investigate whether and how local politicians use perform ance info rmation to evaluate top managers’ performance. The main goal is to contribute to knowledge on perform ance manag ement in the political sphere. Based on semi-structured interviews, findings show that the organizational climate determines the willingness to use information. There is an internal culture embedded in public agencies, like municipalities, that lead politicians to be more or less concerned about the use of performance information. In this paper we find that politicians have a greater orientation towards the ‘implicit’ and the ‘operations-conscious’ styles rather than to the ‘output-constrained’ and the ‘outcome-conscious’ styles. In general, politicians failed to implement a culture focused on the use of performance information. The institutional approach helps us to identify political responses to institutional pressures and understand the reasons for a reduced use in the Portuguese context.
O trabalho e seus sentidos: um estudo com peritos criminais da Polícia Federal
Authors: Rodrigues Andrea Leite , Barrichello Alcides , Irigaray Hélio Arthur Reis , Soares Donaldson Resende , Morin Estelle M.
Published: January 2018

Resumo Servidores públicos comprometidos e orientados por valores do éthos público é um dos principais desafios da gestão de pessoas. Conhecer o que lhes dá sentido ao trabalho pode ser um caminho para ações pertinentes, fora de estigmas e más interpretações sobre a relação entre o indivíduo e seu trabalho no setor público. O propósito deste artigo é avaliar os fatores antecedentes da experiência de sentido do trabalho, bem como sua relação com bem-estar psicológico, sofrimento psicológico e comprometimento afetivo em peritos criminais da Polícia Federal. Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza quantitativa, com uso de análise fatorial confirmatória e modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados indicam que os peritos veem sentido em seu trabalho, o qual advém de sua utilidade social e das oportunidades de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento. O sentido está positivamente relacionado com bem-estar psicológico e comprometimento afetivo e negativamente com sofrimento psicológico. São discutidos os resultados da aplicação do modelo à luz de um marco de responsabilidade gerencial para desenvolvimento da função pública e conclui-se que ele oferece boa contribuição para gestão de pessoas no setor público possibilitando discutir fatores que favorecem a experiência de comprometimento e qualidade de vida psíquica no ambiente de trabalho.
Ultrastructure of bovine placenta during all gestational period
Authors: Santos R.B. , Silva J.M. , Beletti M.E.
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Placentas from pregnant cows with different gestation periods were used. Placental fragments of all groups were processed and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. After fragment analysis, bovine placenta was observed to be epitheliochorial type in early pregnancy, becoming progressively sinepiteliocorial at the beginning of the second trimester. There are no ultrastructural evidences of inflammation in the region of caruncles throughout gestation, despite the invasion of caruncle proper lamina by trophoblast cells. However, throughout pregnancy and especially at the end, there were evident signs of cell degeneration in both trophoblast and the uterine epithelium. The active trophoblast cells intensely phagocytize cellular debris. There are complex interdigitations between the surface of the trophoblast and the uterine epithelium, which is related to the increase of the exchange surface between mother and fetus. At the end of pregnancy, interdigitations disappear, favoring the detachment and expulsion of the placenta after birth.
Comb, cloaca and feet scores and testis morphometry in male broiler breeders at two different ages
Authors: Leão R.A.C. , Castro F.L.S. , Xavier P.R. , Vaz D.P. , Grázia J.G.V. , Baião N.C. , Avelar G.F. , Marques Júnior A.P.
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT In broiler breeder roosters, the weight of the testes is positively associated with daily sperm production and fertility. In birds, the testes are located in the coelomic cavity, not being accessible to reproductive evaluation as mammalian testes. The reproductive evaluation of roosters is based on phenotypic traits. Any changes on testes will be reflected on fertility levels. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the potential of association of phenotypic traits as body weight (BW), comb scores (COS), cloaca scores (CLS) and feet scores (FS) with testicular morphometric parameters in adult Cobb® Mx roosters in two ages (25 and 45 weeks of age). The low BW roosters had lower testes weight (TW), smaller seminiferous tubule diameter (STD) and lower comb and cloaca scores than the medium and high BW roosters (P≤0.05). Heavy roosters had the highest COS and bigger seminiferous epithelium height (SEH). There was no statistical difference between the BW categories in FS and volumetric proportion of seminiferous tubule (ST) and interstitial tissue (IT). Considering the age effect, roosters with 45 weeks of age had lower TW and ST than 25-week roosters. Positive, moderate and significant correlation was found between testes weight and phenotypic characteristics as BW, COS and CLS in 45week roosters. A positive, moderate and significant correlation was found between body weight and histologic testicular characteristics as STD and SHE in both evaluated ages. In conclusion, there is a regression in the testes weight with age and it is more intense in Cobb® Mx roosters with lower BW. Furthermore, it is concluded that the BW positively influences the testes weight and histological quality of the testes. COS and CLS can be used with moderate potential prediction to identify roosters with low testes weight at 45 weeks of age.
Identification of SNP c.-22G>A in the melanophilin gene from a dog with color dilution alopecia: case report
Authors: Santos L.M. , Messas N.B. , Palumbo M.I.P. , Miyasato L.A. , Leal P.V. , Martins T.B. , Ramos C.A.N.
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Mutant color alopecia is an ectodermical defection of color dilution, characterized by partial alopecia, dry, shine-less hair, and peeling and papule. Melanization damages also occur on the cortical structure of the affected hair. The animals affected have big melanin grains with irregular shape on the basal keratinocytes, also on the hair matrix cells and rod. Therefore, there is not a specific treatment that makes any difference on the syndrome evolution. Although in some animals, it is possible to use weekly showers with benzyl peroxide to reduce seborrhea formation and secondary infections. There is evidence that the condition in dogs is caused by a single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding the melanophilin protein. In the present study the identification of the SNP c.-22G>A in the melanophilin gene of a Dachshund breed dog with clinical and histopathologic evidence of color dilution alopecia is reported.
Cartografia das controvérsias na arena pública da corrupção eleitoral no Brasil
Authors: Moraes Rubens Lima , Andion Carolina , Pinho Josiani Lúcia
Published: January 2018

Resumo Este artigo explora o debate na arena pública da corrupção eleitoral no Brasil, sob o prisma da sociologia pragmática, buscando mapear e desdobrar suas principais controvérsias. Adotando os postulados da Teoria do Ator-Rede (LATOUR, 2007; 2012; 2014), buscamos compreender como a arena pública da corrupção eleitoral se (re) configura ao longo do tempo e como esse problema público é visto, interpretado e quais soluções são propostas. Trata-se, portanto, de visualizar a “balística”, ou seja, a trajetória não linear do problema público ao longo do tempo (CHATEAURAYNAUD, 2011). Para tanto, usamos como enfoque metodológico a “cartografia de controvérsias” (VENTURINI, 2010; 2012, VENTURINI, RICCI e MAURI et al., 2015), analisando a arena pública em três campos: político (por meio do levantamento de notícias do jornal Folha de São Paulo), científico (em pesquisa nas bases de dados) e técnico-legal (com o exame das leis mais importantes referentes à matéria). O mapeamento teve como ponto de partida o ano de 1988, marco da abertura democrática no Brasil, e foi feito até 2014, permitindo identificar os principais atores-rede porta-vozes do problema público, suas declarações, os temas das controvérsias que emergem no debate e as visões de mundo elaboradas ao longo do tempo sobre o problema público. Com isso, ilustramos o processo de configuração (CEFAÏ, 1996) ou, ainda, de translação (LATOUR, 2012) que vive o problema público e influencia sua definição, as formas de interpretá-lo e também de enfrentá-lo.
Epistemologia da administração no Brasil: o estado da arte
Authors: Serva Maurício
Published: January 2018

Resumo O artigo identifica o estágio atual dos estudos em epistemologia da administração no Brasil. Para tanto é traçado um panorama contendo as principais dimensões dos estudos em epistemologia abordadas recentemente por autores brasileiros. O levantamento dos estudos foi realizado a partir dos artigos apresentados nos eventos EnANPAD 2016, 2017 e do V Colóquio Internacional de Epistemologia e Sociologia da Ciência da Administração realizado em 2015. Oito dimensões foram identificadas: 1) Abordagens epistemológicas centradas no pragmatismo e nas práticas organizacionais; 2) Debate sobre opções epistêmicas e filosóficas; 3) Racionalidade; 4) Problemática da instituição escolar e do ensino; 5) Administração pública; 6) História e organizações; 7) Abordagem decolonial; 8) Análise da inovação. Ao final, é constatado o avanço dos estudos epistemológicos no campo da administração, e também é realizada uma breve apresentação dos artigos publicados nesta edição especial exclusiva para trabalhos discutidos no V Colóquio Internacional de Epistemologia em 2015.
Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) de um remanescente de Chaco em Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Alves Fábio de Matos , Sartori Ângela Lúcia B.
Published: January 2018

RESUMO Leguminosae apresenta-se como uma das famílias mais representativas do Chaco brasileiro, com destaque para Caesalpinioideae, segunda subfamília em número de espécies. Ainda assim, existem poucos levantamentos para essa região. Este estudo consiste no levantamento florístico de Caesalpinioideae em um remanescente de Chaco em Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram realizadas coletas nas estações seca e chuvosa, para a obtenção de materiais férteis, por meio de caminhadas aleatórias. O presente estudo fornece chave de identificação dos táxons, descrições, ilustrações, comentários taxonômicos e dos ambientes preferenciais. Caesalpinioideae está representada por três tribos e 12 táxons: Bauhinia hagenbeckii, Caesalpinia paraguariensis, C. pluviosa, Chamaecrista nictitans subsp. disadena var. pilosa, C. rotundifolia var. rotundifolia, Parkinsonia praecox, Peltophorum dubium var. dubium, Pterogyne nitens , Senna pendula var. paludicola, S. pilifera var. pilifera, S. obtusifolia e S. occidentalis. Como espécies possivelmente restritas ao Chaco destacam-se Bauhinia hagenbeckii e Caesalpinia paraguariensis.
Malvaceae do Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Fernandes-Júnior Aluisio José , Konno Tatiana Ungaretti Paleo
Published: January 2018

RESUMO O Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca localiza-se no sudeste do Estado de Minas Gerais e apresenta principalmente vegetação típica de campo rupestre. Foram encontradas 20 espécies de Malvaceae, distribuídas em 10 gêneros. O gênero Sida foi o mais representativo com oito espécies, seguido de Triumfetta com três espécies. Uma chave de identificação para as espécies, descrições morfológicas e ilustrações são apresentadas.
Nietzsche sobre Helvétius: “o último grande acontecimento da moral”
Authors: Santos Oscar Augusto Rocha
Published: January 2018

Resumo O presente artigo busca examinar as parcas menções a Helvétius na obra nietzschiana, tendo como objetivo mais específico apresentar um sentido para a afirmação de Nietzsche de que o pensador francês estaria à frente do "último grande acontecimento da moral". A hipótese apresentada é de que Helvétius tenha importância tanto positiva - como proponente de um modelo mais realista de análise dos fenômenos morais - quanto negativa - como precursor do mais recente desdobramento da moralidade de rebanho.
Desempenho de cultivares de batata sob diferentes espaçamentos em solo naturalmente infestado com Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Carvalho Agnaldo D F , Lopes Carlos Alberto , Ragassi Carlos Francisco
Published: January 2018

RESUMO Nos últimos anos, diversas cultivares nacionais de batata foram lançadas, tais como BRSIPR Bel e BRS Camila, como alternativas às cultivares importadas tradicionalmente cultivadas no Brasil. Avaliou-se o comportamento das cultivares BRSIPR Bel, BRS Camila e Agata quando plantadas em quatro espaçamentos entre batatas-semente na linha (15, 20, 25 e 30 cm) em um campo naturalmente infestado com Ralstonia solanacearum em Brasília-DF. O delineamento experimental foi de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições, sendo a parcela composta pelos diferentes espaçamentos e a subparcela pelas cultivares. Aos 59 dias após o plantio (DAP), a incidência de plantas com sintomas de murcha bacteriana foi avaliada e, na colheita, (116 DAP), foram avaliados: massa total de tubérculos, massa de tubérculos comerciais, número total de tubérculos e número de tubérculos comerciais. ‘BRSIPR Bel’, ‘Agata’ e ‘BRS Camila’ apresentaram diferentes níveis de suscetibilidade à murcha bacteriana, de 20, 30 e 80% de plantas sintomáticas aos 59 DAP, respectivamente. ‘BRS Camila’ apresentou produtividade inferior à ‘BRSIPR Bel’ e ‘Agata’. Não houve efeito significativo do espaçamento de plantio sobre as variáveis mensuradas, mas ‘BRSIPR Bel’ e ‘Agata’ demonstraram um maior nível de resistência que ‘BRS Camila’, que se traduziu em maior produtividade nas condições avaliadas.
Sistemas de tutoramento e espaçamentos de plantio na produção de feijão de metro
Authors: Guimarães Marcelo A , Lemos Neto Hozano S , Araújo Romero B , Lima Neto Benedito P , Silva Vinícius B , Mesquita Rosilene O
Published: January 2018

RESUMO A otimização de espaçamentos de plantio, bem como o uso de sistemas de tutoramento de plantas, são práticas culturais que têm melhorado a eficiência produtiva de várias espécies de hortaliças. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a produção do feijão de metro conduzido em diferentes sistemas de tutoramento e espaçamentos. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial (4x3), com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator foi constituído por quatro formas de tutoramento [fitilho vertical (FV), “V” normal (VN), “V” invertido (VI) e rasteiro (R)]. O segundo fator foi constituído por três espaçamentos entre plantas (20; 40; e 60 cm) mantendo-se fixo o espaçamento entre linhas de cultivo em 1 m. Foram avaliados a precocidade de produção (ciclo de cultivo); número de vagens, massa de grãos e de vagens por planta; comprimento de vagens; número de grãos e massa de grãos por vagem; produtividade de grãos e de vagem. Também foram avaliadas as trocas gasosas, bem como o custo de implantação de cada um dos tratamentos. A densidade de 50.000 plantas/ha (espaçamento 20 cm) foi a que proporcionou a maior produtividade nos sistemas FV e VI, com 9,10 e 6,72 t/ha, além de promover maior renda líquida ao produtor, com médias de aproximadamente 23 e 15 mil reais acima do sistema R. Para as variáveis de trocas gasosas, houve redução na fotossíntese líquida com o incremento da densidade. Indica-se a utilização de maiores densidades de plantio combinadas com o uso dos sistemas de tutoramento FV e VI em detrimento ao sistema R, por gerarem maior produtividade e receita líquida ao produtor.
Evaluation of the impact that the changes in tuberculosis treatment implemented in Brazil in 2009 have had on disease control in the country
Authors: Rabahi Marcelo Fouad , Silva Júnior José Laerte Rodrigues da , Conde Marcus Barreto
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the impact that the 2009 changes in tuberculosis treatment in Brazil had on the rates of cure, tuberculosis recurrence, mortality, treatment abandonment, and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Methods: An ordinary least squares regression model was used in order to perform an interrupted time series analysis of secondary data collected from the Brazilian Tuberculosis Case Registry Database for the period between January of 2003 and December of 2014. Results: The 2009 changes in tuberculosis treatment in Brazil were found to have no association with reductions in the total number of cases (β = 2.17; 95% CI: −3.80 to 8.14; p = 0.47) and in the number of new cases (β = −0.97; 95% CI: −5.89 to 3.94; p = 0.70), as well as having no association with treatment abandonment rates (β = 0.40; 95% CI: −1.12 to 1.93; p = 0.60). The changes in tuberculosis treatment also showed a trend toward an association with decreased cure rates (β = −4.14; 95% CI: −8.63 to 0.34; p = 0.07), as well as an association with increased mortality from pulmonary tuberculosis (β = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.16 to 1.38; p = 0.01). Although there was a significant increase in MDR-TB before and after the changes (p < 0.0001), there was no association between the intervention (i.e., the changes in tuberculosis treatment) and the increase in MDR-TB cases. Conclusions: The changes in tuberculosis treatment were unable to contain the decrease in cure rates, the increase in treatment abandonment rates, and the increase in MDR-TB rates, being associated with increased mortality from pulmonary tuberculosis during the study period. Keywords: Tuberculosis, pulmonary/epidemiology; Tuberculosis, pulmonary/drug therapy; Tuberculosis, pulmonary/mortality; Interrupted time series analysis; Drug resistance, multiple; Drug compounding.
Targeting B Cells and Plasma Cells in Glomerular Diseases: Translational Perspectives
Authors: Schrezenmeier Eva , Jayne David , Dörner Thomas
Published: January 2018

The unique contributions of memory B cells and plasma cells in kidney diseases remain unclear. In this review, we evaluate the clinical experience with treatments directed at B cells, such as rituximab, and at plasma cells, such as proteasome inhibition, to shed light on the role of these two B lineage compartments in glomerular diseases. Specifically, analysis of these targeted interventions in diseases such as ANCA-associated vasculitis, SLE, and antibody-mediated transplant rejection permits insight into the pathogenetic effect of these cells. Notwithstanding the limitations of preclinical models and clinical studies (heterogeneous populations, among others), the data suggest that memory B and plasma cells represent two engines of autoimmunity, with variable involvement in these diseases. Whereas memory B cells and plasma cells appear to be key in ANCA-associated vasculitis and antibody-mediated transplant rejection, respectively, SLE seems likely to be driven by both autoimmune compartments. These conclusions have implications for the future development of targeted therapeutics in immune-mediated renal disease.
Contribuciones del Evangelio de Mateo para la pedagogía progresista
Authors: Guerra Carrasco José
Published: January 2018

El Modelo Progresista se basa en la idea filosófica pragmática propia de la Escuela Nueva; esta propuesta busca que el estudiante se vuelva el centro del sistema escolar, alrededor de quien gira todo el proceso educativo. Desde esa perspectiva la educación es para la vida, allí se aprenden los elementos primordiales para el buen desempeño del adulto, es decir la sociedad asegura su desarrollo. En aras de buscar nuevos criterios que alimenten esta corriente pedagógica, el artículo se centra en el Evangelio de Mateo para encontrar allí algunas pautas que ayuden a emancipar de los prejuicios que afectan el proceso educativo. El Evangelio de Mateo es una obra literaria destinada a una comunidad que desea honestamente abrirse a la novedad del Reino de Dios. Sin embargo, le resulta difícil dejar atrás los prejuicios culturales y religiosos que han marcado su vida y que no le permiten abrirse a la Buena Nueva. El autor, con punzante redacción, va combinando narraciones de la actividad de Jesús de Nazaret con discursos donde se puntualiza la novedad de su mensaje. El presente artículo se centra en los cinco discursos vistos como itinerario pedagógico que ayuda a superar los pre-juicios que bloquean la apertura a la novedad que ofrece la vida, que llevan a juzgamientos negativos a priori de las nuevas formar de ver, entender y vivir la novedad del reino de justicia, misericordia y solidaridad.
La religión y la formación de la civilidad
Authors: Rincón Rueda Alberto Isaac
Published: January 2018

La religión o las religiones han consolidado desde siempre, la cultura en la que se encuentra inserto el hombre. Ella, desde su origen, está en la búsqueda de un Dios protector que es necesidad de muchos hombres y de la humanidad para que quite los sufrimientos de los seres humanos, que confían en él por medio de la fe, que han tratado de buscar su significado a través de la teología y la filosofía. Y sin embargo, hay que tener en cuenta que la religión tiene un componente esencial en la mente y la afectividad, y debería ser abordada desde la familia y la escuela para ser vivida y sea la el protagonista en la consolidación de los valores espirituales, sociales, familiares y personales. La religión y las religiones en la historia de la humanidad, tenían siempre un protagonista esencial. Es el caso de la religión cristiana en la cual la figura principal es Jesús de Nazaret, quien será el “Maestro” que consolida su fe en un Padre, Dios. Él va a tener muchos seguidores a través del tiempo. El cristianismo ha sido objeto de estudios filosóficos y teológicos que incluyen, además otros estudios psicológicos y sociológicos, dada su trascendencia e impacto dentro del individuo y la sociedad. Sin embargo, el cristianismo también se ha utilizado para hacer barbarie, como en América cuando los españoles llegaron e impusieron su fe y creencias por medio del terror, sumados las malas actuaciones del tribunal de la Inquisición tanto en Europa como en América Latina. En nombre de la fe cristiana y para salvar el cristianismo en estos tiempos se continúan cometiendo crímenes en nombre de Cristo lo que destruye la esencia misma del cristianismo.
Transformaciones de la educación comunitaria en los Andes ecuatorianos
Authors: Granda Merchán Juan Sebastián
Published: January 2018

El artículo recupera algunos de los resultados de la investigación desarrollada por el autor en el marco de su tesis doctoral. El artículo analiza el impacto que los cambios educativos impulsados por el Gobierno del Economista Rafael Correa tuvieron en la dinámica de las iniciativas de educación indígena de carácter comunitario. La investigación se fundamentó en los aportes de la Pedagogía Crítica y de la Antropología Latinoamericana: de la primera tomó el concepto de educación como práctica cultural y política, mientras que de la segunda recuperó la perspectiva analítica de la Teoría del Control Cultural. En términos metodológicos, se optó por analizar una experiencia de educación indígena emblemática del país: el Sistema de Escuelas Indígenas de Cotopaxi (SEIC); y para la recolección de información se trabajó a partir de la historia oral y el análisis documental. La hipótesis que se busca argumentar es que el Gobierno de Rafael Correa, en su apuesta por recuperar la rectoría de la educación y en su afán por modernizarla, terminó subsumiendo todos los ámbitos de decisión del quehacer educativo que estuvieron en manos de las comunidades y las escuelas indígenas de la zona de estudio, y homogeneizando su oferta educativa bajo los parámetros de la educación hispana. El artículo se encuentra organizado en tres partes: en la primera se describe la trayectoria del SEIC, desde su nacimiento hasta el 2007. En la segunda se hace un recuento de las políticas educativas que más impacto tuvieron en la dinámica del SEIC. Y, en la última, se discute el impacto que dichas políticas tuvieron en el día a día de las escuelas comunitarias.
Reflexiones sobre la religión como saber de salvación desde el pensamiento de María Zambrano
Authors: Villora Sánchez Carmen
Published: January 2018

Este artículo surge a raíz de una tesis doctoral sobre el pensamiento religioso de María Zambrano. Aunque brota de dicha investigación, no pretende exponer de manera exhaustiva las líneas de trabajo y las conclusiones desarrolladas en ella. Se trata de presentar los núcleos temáticos centrales del pensamiento religioso de Zambrano, enriqueciendo con textos de la autora, las convicciones expuestas. La metodología seguida consiste en la exposición de los conceptos claves del pensamiento religioso de María Zambrano. Se parte de la crítica al racionalismo, para proponer, la razón poética. Una razón que tiene que ver con la vida, un saber de experiencia que inicia la apertura de la persona y la conduce hacia lo sagrado. A continuación se expone el aspecto central del pensamiento religioso zambraniano, el sentir originario. Un sentir y pensar en el que la persona recibe la revelación de sí misma, descubriendo dos aspectos centrales del ser humano: la vocación a la unificación, interioridad; y la llamada a la relación con el Otro y con los otros, alteridad. Por último se torna a la vida para transformarla y manifestar que la persona nueva es capaz de piedad, fraternidad, misericordia y perdón. En las conclusiones se valora la aportación de la autora con la crítica al racionalismo y su propuesta de la religión como saber de salvación para todo ser humano.
Educación y liberación desde la óptica de Leonidas Proaño
Authors: Illicachi Guzñay Juan , Valtierra Zamudio Jorge
Published: January 2018

El presente artículo se propone analizar la acción pastoral de Leonidas Eduardo Proaño, designado obispo de la Diócesis de Riobamba en 1954; en un contexto en el que la población indígena fue considerada como hombres-objetos, hombres-mercancías y hombres-monedas de cambio. En la actualidad aún se observa la persistencia, así como una constante emergencia del racismo y opresión en sus muchas facetas que incluyen la marginación de los grupos racializados; peor aún, los ataques públicos a las vidas y dignidad de las personas indígenas. A posteriori, el artículo rastrea en el campo de la Iglesia progresista y de las Escuelas Radiofónicas Populares del Ecuador (ERPE) con base en el diálogo con las cartografías teóricas de los filósofos Achille Mbembe, Michel Foucault y en el del pensador poscolonial Franz Fanon, las múltiples maneras de liberación, lucha y resistencia, concluyendo que ningún poder es infranqueable; donde hay poder hay líneas de fuga. El propósito es evidenciar la manera cómo opera, a la vez, los impactos estructurales y la agencia de una población históricamente oprimida, configurando otras formas de acción política en alianza con el obispo identificado con los hombres del poncho; o sea, con los hombres impedidos de ser hombres. La metodología que contribuye a desarrollar el presente trabajo consiste en la revisión de archivos y literatura especializada, entrevistas e historias de vida a fin de examinar los horizontes de liberación.
One-pot ligation protocol for Oxford Nanopore libraries v1
Authors: Quick Josh
Published: January 2018

This is our ‘one-pot ligation’ protocol for Oxford Nanopore ligation libraries. It benefits from increased recovery of library and faster preparation time by using the Ultra II ligation modulein conjunctionwith the Ultra II end repair/dA-tailing module therefore removing a clean-up step. It can be used with or without the optional FFPE DNA repair step which shoudl help toimprove read-lengths in nicked DNA. The incubation times givenhere are sufficient to generate high quality libraries in under one hour. In the past we have cut these times inhalf without noticably impacting performance but we will leave this up to you.
Problems of Speech Perception Experienced by the EFL Learners
Authors: Sutrisno Adi
Published: January 2018

Most native speakers of English modify complicated sequences in connected speech in order to simplify the articulation process. This habit has created problems in the part of EFL learners as they are not trained enough to extract word sequences from the running speech. As a consequence, misperception occurs, which often leads to the failure in the listening comprehension. This article is intended to prove that such a problem is not solely triggered by the native speaker factor. Other factors might play pivotal roles, too and need to be carefully examined. In light of this interest, a secondary research aimed at revealing factors causing speech perception problems was carried out. The research result shows that problems of speech perceptions experienced by the EFL learners were mostly caused by their phonetic knowledge and phonological competence, besides lexical and syntax knowledge.
Developmental Potential of Professional Test as a Method of Training Future Teachers
Authors: Neumoeva-Kolchedantseva E.V.
Published: January 2018

The article is devoted to studying the developmental perspectives of the method of professional test. It offers an understanding of the professional test as a method of «locally immersing» students in professional activities at the stage of university training. It also describes an experience of evaluating professional tests aimed at mastering work actions defined in the professional standard for teachers. The article examines research data on the impact of the professional test on the development of professional competencies (work actions) in future teachers. The research involved 50 third- and fourth-year students of the Tyumen State University majoring in «Teacher Education» («Primary School Education»).The results confirm the positive dynamics of work actions after the completion of professional tests, which points to the developmental potential of the professional test as a method of training future teachers.
Cross-Cultural Approach to the Study of Self-Regulatory Personality Predictors of Aggression
Authors: Banshchikova T.N. , Fomina E.A. , Morosanova V.I.
Published: January 2018

The paper presents data of an empirical study of the relationship between aggressive manifestations and self-regulatory personality characteristics of teachers. It is assumed that the features of aggressive manifestations are determined by personal characteristics and the cultural context of the teachers' lives. The level of self-regulation development is also shaped by sociocultural conditions. The study involved 278 teachers aged 20—72 years from the Stavropol and Krasnodar territories and from the republics of North Ossetia-Alania, Karachaevo-Cherkessia, and Kabardino-Balkaria. The system of research methods was based on the integration of nomothetic and ideographic approaches and included observation and psychological testing. The study revealed certain differences in aggressive manifestations among the respondents from different regions of southern Russia. It was found that the level of conscious self-regulation development is not an invariant and has its cross-cultural specifics. Indicators of conscious self-regulation (planning, evaluation of results), racial tolerance and restraint in risk situations are significant predictors of aggression management.