bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tocopherol and phylloquinone biosynthesis in chloroplasts requires the phytol kinase VITAMIN E PATHWAY GENE5 (VTE5) and the farnesol kinase (FOLK)
Authors: Romer Jill , Gutbrod Katharina , Schuppener Antonia , Melzer Michael , Müller-Schüssele Stefanie J , Meyer Andreas J , Dörmann Peter
Published: December 2023

Chlorophyll degradation causes the release of phytol, which is converted into phytyl diphosphate (phytyl-PP) by phytol kinase (VITAMIN E PATHWAY GENE5 [VTE5]) and phytyl phosphate (phytyl-P) kinase (VTE6). The kinase pathway is important for tocopherol synthesis, as the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) vte5 mutant contains reduced levels of tocopherol. Arabidopsis harbors one paralog of VTE5, farnesol kinase (FOLK) involved in farnesol phosphorylation. Here, we demonstrate that VTE5 and FOLK harbor kinase activities for phytol, geranylgeraniol, and farnesol with different specificities. While the tocopherol content of the folk mutant is unchanged, vte5-2 folk plants completely lack tocopherol. Tocopherol deficiency in vte5-2 plants can be complemented by overexpression of FOLK, indicating that FOLK is an authentic gene of tocopherol synthesis. The vte5-2 folk plants contain only ∼40% of wild-type amounts of phylloquinone, demonstrating that VTE5 and FOLK both contribute in part to phylloquinone synthesis. Tocotrienol and menaquinone-4 were produced in vte5-2 folk plants after supplementation with homogentisate or 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, respectively, indicating that their synthesis is independent of the VTE5/FOLK pathway. These results show that phytyl moieties for tocopherol synthesis are completely but, for phylloquinone production, only partially derived from geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll and phytol phosphorylation by VTE5 and FOLK.
SVALKA-POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX2 module controls C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR3 induction during cold acclimation
Authors: Gómez-Martínez Diego , Barrero-Gil Javier , Tranque Eduardo , Ruiz María Fernanda , Catalá Rafael , Salinas Julio
Published: December 2023

C-REPEAT BINDING FACTORS (CBFs) are highly conserved plant transcription factors that promote cold tolerance. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), three CBFs (CBF1 to CBF3) play a critical role in cold acclimation, and the expression of their corresponding genes is rapidly and transiently induced during this adaptive response. Cold induction of CBFs has been extensively studied and shown to be tightly controlled, yet the molecular mechanisms that restrict the expression of each CBF after their induction during cold acclimation are poorly understood. Here, we present genetic and molecular evidence that the decline in the induction of CBF3 during cold acclimation is epigenetically regulated through the Polycomb Repressive Complex (PRC) 2. We show that this complex promotes the deposition of the repressive mark H3K27me3 at the coding region of CBF3, silencing its expression. Our results indicate that the cold-inducible long noncoding RNA SVALKA is essential for this regulation by recruiting PRC2 to CBF3. These findings unveil a SVALKA-PRC2 regulatory module that ensures the precise timing of CBF3 induction during cold acclimation and the correct development of this adaptive response.
More scrutiny, less vigour? How depolicing manifests differently following local rather than nationally prominent fatal use of force incidents
Authors: Heinzeroth Robert Drew , Ratcliffe Jerry H
Published: December 2023

Increased scrutiny of police departments and police officers can occur after high-profile events such as police use of force incidents. A Ferguson Effect is often hypothesized regarding claims of subsequent depolicing following such incidents. This study examines whether the proximity of the incident affects the behaviour of police officers in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The effects of scrutiny upon officer proactivity—measured in pedestrian and vehicle stops—are examined, differentiating between scrutiny derived from highly publicized fatal police use of force incidents that occurred within the local jurisdiction and scrutiny subsequent to similar incidents that occurred elsewhere in the nation. The results show that officer behaviour differs in terms of their vigour depending on whether the incident has national prominence or just local impact. The study also reveals temporal variation in the impact of incidents across subsequent months.
Spatial analysis of radionuclide concentration in the high background radiation regions of Kerala, India
Authors: Nagathil Neeraja , Vadakkemattathil Vineethkumar , Kundu Parambil Shimod , Vamanan Prakash
Published: December 2023

Every creature on earth undergoes continuous exposure to natural background radiation. Hence, it is crucial to monitor systematically, the degree of radioactivity in the ecosystem and possible radiological health hazards. The present study attempt to investigate the dynamics of prominent radionuclides and various radiological parameters associated with terrestrial gamma radiations along the littoral regions of the Kollam district, a well-reported high background radiation area in India. The gamma radiation exposure rate along the coastal belt of Kollam was measured using a portable Micro-R-survey meter and associated radiological parameters have been calculated and compared with the global average values. The result indicates that the radiological parameters cross the safe limits recommended by the UNSCEAR 2000. A high value is found in the shoreline of Chavara, with a maximum absorbed dose rate of 11 945.1nGyh−1. The monazite-enriched black sand widely distributed all along the coast, which contains natural radioisotopes such as 40K, 226Ra and 232Th, has greatly contributed to the increase in radiation levels in the regions.
Radon activity and their radiological doses in drinking water of Chitradurga district, Karnataka, India
Authors: Rangegowda Rangaswamy D , Shesha Suresh , Erathimmaiah Srinivasa , Jadiyappa Sannappa , Mugalgaon Rajesh S
Published: December 2023

In this investigation, radon activity concentration, inhalation and ingestion doses due to intake of radon in drinking water have been estimated in the Chitradurga district drinking water by using radon Emanometry technique. The average radon concentrations vary from 1.81 ± 0.11 to 300.33 ± 4.56 Bql−1 with a mean value of 56.01 ± 2.44 Bql−1. Most of the radon concentration levels are within the World Health Organization (WHO) and European Union (EU) commission recommended level of 100 Bql−1. About 70% of the drinking water had radon concentration level higher than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommended Maximum Contamination Limit (MCL) of 11.1 Bql−1. The annual ingestion dose varies from 0.38 to 63.03 μSvy−1 with an average value of 11.75 μSvy−1. The estimated annual ingestion dose is well within the WHO recommended reference level of 100 μSvy−1.
Assessment of natural radioactivity levels and potential radiological risks of commonly used building materials in Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka, India
Authors: Shesha Suresh , Rangegowda Rangaswamy D , Erathimmaiah Srinivasa , Dongre Sandeep , Jadiyappa Sannappa J
Published: December 2023

The main goal of this study is to evaluate the natural radioactivity and potential radiological risks of frequently used building materials in Uttara Kannada district. Using an High purity Germanium Detector (HPGe) detector-based gamma-ray spectrometer, the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K was determined. The activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the construction materials vary from 13.78 ± 0.90 to 151.9 ± 1.85, 14.21 ± 0.80 to 207.72 ± 2.9 and 55.26 ± 1.20 to 1298.24 ± 25 Bq kg−1 with an average value of 40.57 ± 1.37,60.13 ± 1.70 and 425.38 ± 4.75 Bq kg−1 having a geometric mean of 33.07, 46.49 and 290.20 Bq kg−1, respectively. The mean annual effective dose equivalent was found to be 0.68 mSv y−1 and is less than the International Commission on Radiological Protection proposed acceptable limit of 1 mSv y−1. The estimated radiological hazard parameters show that these building materials are safe to use in the construction of homes and do not offer a substantial source of radiation hazard.
X-ray/gamma radiation shielding properties of zinc ferrite nanoparticles synthesised via solution combustion method
Authors: Reddy Byra R C , Manjunatha Holaly C S , Vidya Yalekadakalu S , Sridhar K N , Seenappa Lakshmaiah , Manjunatha Shivanna , Sathish Kembthanahalli V , Munirathnam Rajachari , Nagaiah Ningaiah
Published: December 2023

Zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesised via solution combustion method using urea as a fuel. The synthesised samples were characterised with various techniques. The cubic structure with Fd-3 m space group is confirmed by Powder X-ray Diffraction and Bragg’s reflection. The crystallite size estimated from Scherrer’s method was found to be 40 nm. The agglomerated irregular shape and sized surface morphology was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy image. The direct energy band gap determined from Wood and Tauc’s relation was found to be 5.25 eV. Using a NaI (Tl) detector and multi-channel analyser, the described sample was examined for X-ray and gamma ray shielding characteristics in the energy range of 0.081–1.332 MeV. The measured shielding values are in good agreement with the theory, however below 356 keV, there is a little variation of up to 10%. The current work offers up new possibilities for using this simple, affordable, effective and low temperature approach to create nanomaterials for X-ray and gamma ray shielding.
Fabrication of cadmium chloride PVA polymer composite for γ-ray shielding
Authors: Krishnappa Kruthika , B  Mohan Sankarshan , M  Ankanathappa Sangamesha , Sannathammegowda Krishnaveni
Published: December 2023

Reducing the effect of exposure to radiation in places such as radiation labs, nuclear reactors, radiotherapy facilities, industries involving radiation, etc., is essential for the health of radiation workers. In such cases materials having flexibility added with high attenuation coefficient of radiation is required for manufacturing wearables. Even though materials such as lead compounds, building materials, etc., have high attenuation coefficient, they are toxic and rigid, making them unsuitable for this purpose. In this regard, blending compounds with polymers would lead to flexible materials with high shielding capability. In the present work, 25 wt% cadmium chloride in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer composite has been prepared using solution casting method. The obtained polymer composite is characterised by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) and half value layer (HVL) of gamma radiations were measured at various energies 511, 661, 1173 and 1332 keV using calibrated gamma ray spectrometer with NaI(Tl) detector and compared to WinXCom-calculated theoretical values. The measured μ/ρ and HVL are 0.089, 0.078, 0.064, 0.061 cm2/g and 0.685, 0.778, 0.985, 1.003 cm, respectively. It is found that the obtained experimental values are in good agreement with theoretical values within the experimental errors. Also, it is observed that the μ/ρ decreases and HVL increases with increase in energy. Even though PVA is not radiation resistant, when it is blended with 25 wt% cadmium chloride it shows good shielding property. Thus, the fabricated cadmium chloride-PVA polymer composite can be used for radiation shielding instead of toxic and expensive materials.
Analysis of radon concentrations in drinking water in coastal regions of Karnataka, South India
Authors: Crasta Rita , Devadiga Sushma , Savant Nikhita Narendra , Naik Vibha Vinayak , Suresh Suresha , Dawalekar Kamalakar Vaijinathrao
Published: December 2023

The measurements of radon activity in water samples from several parts of Karnataka were studied. Drinking water quality is a routine tool in health and environmental research. Radon exposure puts the entire public at risk for radiological damage through inhalation and ingestion. Radon concentrations were measured using the emanometry technique. Estimated 222Rn activity concentration in water has been found to vary from 2.05 to 28.02 Bq l−1 with an average value of 7.38 Bq l−1. For all samples under study, the total average annual effective doses are much less than the safe limit of 100 μSv y−1.
Tungsten and Titanium dioxide filled VMQ polymer composites—a new lead free & flexible gamma ray-shielding materials
Authors: Kumar Ramanagara Devaraj Kiran , Amrutha Senamasetty Krishnappa , Ambika Madalakote Rajanna , Chaitra Rameshbabu , Nagaiah Ningaiah , Roopa Somanna
Published: December 2023

Flexible & lead-free gamma-ray-shielding composites were prepared using Vinyl Methyl Silicone (VMQ) matrix with Tungsten (W) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) as fillers. The VMQ composites filled with 30 Phr (parts per hundred rubber) TiO2 and 0–70 Phr W were prepared by two-roll mill method. The dispersion of the filler particles in the composite matrix was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope. Gamma ray shielding properties were studied in the energy range of 80 to 1170 keV using NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer. The mass attenuation coefficient (μm) of the prepared composites was found to increase with increasing concentration of W. Mass attenuation coefficients of 30 Phr W composites at gamma-ray energies of 356 and 1170 keV were found to be 0.1444 and 0.0644 cm2 g−1, while those of 50 Phr W composite were 0.1396 and 0.0707 cm2 g−1, respectively. The half value layer values of all the samples were found to decrease with increase in tungsten concentration. To appreciate the shielding ability of the prepared composites, comparison was made with the metal lead. The results show that addition of W into VMQ enhances the attenuation, whereas tensile strength and elongation at break reduces. The Shore A hardness of the W/TiO2/VMQ composites had a maximum value of 71 and the composites also prove to possess good thermal stability. Hence, the present study shows that the VMQ based W-TiO2 rubber composites serve to shield gamma radiations in medical applications and are considered as environmental friendly.
No changes in triple network engagement following (combined) noradrenergic and glucocorticoid stimulation in healthy men
Authors: Lipka Renée , Rosada Catarina , Metz Sophie , Hellmann-Regen Julian , Heekeren Hauke , Wingenfeld Katja
Published: December 2023

Successful recovery from stress is integral for adaptive responding to the environment. At a cellular level, this involves (slow genomic) actions of cortisol, which alter or reverse rapid effects of noradrenaline and cortisol associated with acute stress. At the network scale, stress recovery is less well understood but assumed to involve changes within salience-, executive control-, and default mode networks. To date, few studies have investigated this phase and directly tested these assumptions. Here, we present results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-group paradigm (N = 165 healthy males) administering 10 mg oral yohimbine and/or 10 mg oral hydrocortisone two hours prior to resting state scanning. We found no changes in within-network connectivity of the three networks, both after single and combined drug administration. We further report the results of Bayesian parameter inference to provide evidence for the null hypothesis. Our results contrast with previous findings, which may be attributable to systematic differences between paradigms, highlighting the need to isolate paradigm-specific effects from those related to stress.
Resistance to Planthoppers and Southern Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus in Rice Germplasms
Authors: Yu Wenjuan , He Jiachun , Wu Jianxiang , Xu Zhi , Lai Fengxiang , Zhong Xuelian , Zhang Mei , Ji Hongli , Fu Qiang , Zhou Xueping , Peng Yunliang
Published: December 2023

The damage caused by the white-back planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera) and brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens), as well as southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), considerably decreases the grain yield of rice. Identification of rice germplasms with sufficient resistance to planthoppers and SRBSDV is essential to the breeding and deployment of resistant varieties and, hence, the control of the pests and disease. In this study, 318 rice accessions were evaluated for their reactions to the infestation of both BPH and WBPH at the seedling stage using the standard seed-box screening test method; insect quantification was further conducted at the end of the tillering and grain-filling stages in field trials. Accessions HN12-239 and HN12-328 were resistant to both BPH and WBPH at all tested stages. Field trials were conducted to identify resistance in the collection to SRBSDV based on the virus infection rate under artificial inoculation. Rathu Heenati (RHT) and HN12-239 were moderately resistant to SRBSDV. In addition, we found that WBPH did not penetrate stems with stylets but did do more probing bouts and xylem sap ingestion when feeding on HN12-239 than the susceptible control rice Taichung Native 1. The resistance of rice accessions HN12-239, HN12-328, and RHT to BPH, WBPH, and/or SRBSDV should be valuable to the development of resistant rice varieties.
MIR143HG promotes methylation of transcription factor HOXB7 promoter by recruiting methyltransferase DNMT1 to prevent the progression of colon cancer
Authors: Zhu Mo , Xu Ting , Ji Lindong , Jiang Baofei , Wu Kun
Published: December 2023

In recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in colon cancer. We aim to investigate the role of MIR143HG, also known as CARMN (Cardiac mesoderm enhancer‐associated noncoding RNA) in colon cancer and explore the related mechanisms. An RNAseq data analysis was performed to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs associated with colon cancer. Next, MIR143HG expression was quantified in colon cancer cells. Moreover, the contributory roles of MIR143HG in the progression of colon cancer with the involvement of DNMT1 and HOXB7 (Homeobox B7) were evaluated after restored MIR143HG or depleted HOXB7. Finally, the effects of MIR143HG were investigated in vivo by measuring tumor formation in nude mice. High‐throughput transcriptome sequencing was employed to validate the specific mechanisms by which MIR143HG and HOXB7 affect tumor growth in vivo. MIR143HG was found to be poorly expressed, while HOXB7 was highly expressed in colon cancer. MIR143HG could promote HOXB7 methylation by recruiting DNMT1 to reduce HOXB7 expression. Upregulation of MIR143HG or downregulation of HOXB7 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration and facilitated apoptosis in colon cancer cells so as to delay the progression of colon cancer. The same trend was identified in vivo. Our study provides evidence that restoration of MIR143HG suppressed the progression of colon cancer via downregulation of HOXB7 through DNMT1‐mediated HOXB7 promoter methylation. Thus, MIR143HG may be a potential candidate for the treatment of colon cancer.
Forensic Nursing
Authors: Dzierzawski Brenda
Published: December 2023

These nurses practice where the health and legal systems intersect.
Blood Oxygenation and Heart Rate Changes After Diamorphine Intravenous Injection During Opioid Agonist Treatment for Outpatients With Heroin Dependence
Authors: Thiessen Karina A. , Dilg Christoph , Schütz Christian G.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

More than 60 million people use opioids each year, and many countries have declared an opioid overdose crisis. Heroin, one of the most commonly used opioids, has depressant effects on autonomic functioning; however, few studies have been able to examine the effects of heroin or its pharmaceutically prepared equivalent, diamorphine, in human clinical populations. The present study examined heart rate and oxygen saturation in the minutes immediately after acute diamorphine administration in outpatients with heroin dependence.

Methods

The sample was a subset of participants (N = 36) in the German Project of Heroin Assisted Treatment of Opiate Dependent Patients Trial in Bonn, Germany. Patients were given 3 daily doses of intravenous diamorphine. Doses were determined on an individual basis by study physicians. Pulse oximetry was recorded at baseline and at 30-second intervals from 0 to 450 seconds after diamorphine administration.

Results

Heart rate was significantly higher than baseline at 30 seconds after diamorphine administration and significantly lower than baseline at 270 seconds onward. Oxygen saturation was significantly lower than baseline at 60 seconds onward.

Conclusions

Results are consistent with other studies in which depressant effects of opioids were observed. Our findings suggest that even therapeutic doses of diamorphine may have rapid and significant—predominantly depressant—effects on oxygenation and heart rate in populations that frequently use opioids. Monitoring of potential adverse opioid effects would be beneficial even in populations presumed to have developed physiological tolerance.
Deep Peroneal Neurectomy for Midfoot Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review, Surgical Technique, and Case Series
Authors: Florentino Samuel A. , El-Zein Zein S. , Baumhauer Judith F.
Published: December 2023

Patients with painful midfoot arthritis unsuccessfully treated with conservative measures have been historically left with the surgical option of midfoot arthrodesis as a definitive treatment. In recent years, excision of the deep peroneal nerve has been offered as a potential alternative. Existing literature on the outcomes of patients undergoing deep peroneal neurectomy for the treatment of midfoot arthritis is limited and piecemeal. In this comprehensive review, technique guide, and retrospective case series, we consolidate the evidence around deep peroneal neurectomy for midfoot arthritis, review operative technique, and determine the outcomes of 4 patients who underwent deep peroneal neurectomy from February 2021 to December 2022 using Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Physical Function and Pain Interference scores. Four original articles from National Center for Biotechnology Information Medline, published through May 2023, were included. The outcomes of patients treated with deep peroneal neurectomy for midfoot arthritis are discussed. In our case series, the average amount of time between surgery and final postoperative Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System scores was 289 days. The average preoperative physical function score was 36.8. Three patients showed a minimal clinically important difference in physical function; postoperative average was 41.3. Three patients had a minimally clinical important reduction in pain levels (average preoperative pain interference score was 65.8; average postoperative pain interference score was 59.3). One patient underwent a revision neurectomy for inadequate pain relief, and another sought additional treatment for inadequate pain relief. All patients returned to walking in a shoe within 1 month. The outcomes of our case series are similar to those of previously published case series, which demonstrate satisfactory results and acceptable complication rates. For patients with symptomatic midfoot arthritis, deep peroneal neurectomy can be an effective treatment option to reduce pain and improve physical function while requiring minimal postoperative recovery time.
Family Support Services and Reported Parent Coping Among Caregivers of Children with Emotional, Behavioral, or Developmental Disorders
Authors: Graaf Genevieve , Hughes Phillip M. , deJong Neal A. , Thomas Kathleen C.
Published: December 2023

Objective:

Caregivers of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) experience substantial strain caring for their child's special needs because of high needs for health and other support services. Caregivers of CSHCN with emotional, behavioral, or developmental problems (EBDPs) report stress and poor mental health at higher rates than caregivers of other CSHCN. Although family support services are associated with caregiver mental health and well-being among families of CSHCN, the association of these factors with caregiver coping has been underexamined.

Method:

Using the Double ABCX Model of Family Adaptation to guide variable selection, this study uses 2016 to 2019 data from the National Survey of Children's Health. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic analyses examined the association between caregivers' receipt of adequate care coordination and emotional support services and their reported coping with the day-to-day strains of parenting. These relationships are compared between caregivers of CSHCN with and without EBDPs.

Results:

Receipt of adequate care coordination was associated with higher rates of caregiver-reported positive coping for all caregivers of CSHCN who have no source of emotional support. Receipt of emotional support services was associated with increased reports of positive coping for caregivers for all CSHCN as well. Caregivers reporting only informal sources of emotional support, however, also reported higher rates of positive coping when compared with caregivers with no source of emotional support.

Conclusion:

Mobilization of resources that can aid caregivers in coordinating care and provide emotional support may play a key role in positive caregiver coping for families of CSHCN.
The Effect of a Temporary Stoma on Long-term Functional Outcomes Following Surgery for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Verkuijl Sanne J. , Jonker Jara E. , Furnée Edgar J.B. , Kelder Wendy , Hoff Christiaan , Hess Daniel A. , Wit Fennie , Zijlstra Ronald J. , Trzpis Monika , Broens Paul M.A.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

Patients with rectal cancer may undergo surgical resection with or without a temporary stoma.

OBJECTIVE:

This study primary aimed to compare long-term functional outcomes between patients with and without a temporary stoma following surgery for rectal cancer. The secondary aim was to investigate the effect of time to stoma reversal on functional outcomes.

DESIGN:

This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study.

SETTINGS:

This study was conducted at seven Dutch hospitals.

PATIENTS:

Included were patients who had undergone rectal cancer surgery (2009-2015). Excluded were deceased patients, patients with a permanent stoma, or intellectual disability.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Functional outcomes were measured using the Rome IV criteria for constipation and fecal incontinence and the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score.

RESULTS:

Out of 656 patients, 32% received a temporary ileostomy and 20% a temporary colostomy (86% response). Follow-up was at 56.0 (IQR 38.5-79.0) months. Patients who had a temporary ileostomy experienced less constipation, more fecal incontinence, and more major low anterior resection syndrome, than patients without a temporary stoma. Patients who had a temporary colostomy experienced more major low anterior resection syndrome than patients without a temporary stoma. A temporary ileostomy or colostomy was not associated with constipation or fecal incontinence following correction for confounding factors (e.g., anastomotic height, anastomotic leakage, radiotherapy). Time to stoma reversal was not associated with constipation, fecal incontinence, or major low anterior resection syndrome.

LIMITATIONS:

The current study is limited by its cross-sectional design.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although patients with a temporary ileostomy or colostomy have worse functional outcomes in the long term, it seems that the reason for creating a temporary stoma, rather than the stoma itself, underlies this phenomenon. Time to reversal of a temporary stoma does not influence functional outcomes
The Impact of Midodrine on Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy in Patients Admitted With Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Scoma Christopher B. , Lee Dae Hyun , Money David , Eichelberger Gerry , Usmani Ahsan , Cohen Adam J. , Fernandez Joel
Published: December 2023

Midodrine is occasionally used off-label to treat hypotension associated with advanced heart failure (HF); however, its association with changes in prescription of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is unknown. We sought to evaluate the effect of midodrine on the GDMT prescription pattern and clinical outcomes of patients with decompensated systolic HF. We retrospectively identified 114 patients admitted to our hospital in 2020 with decompensated systolic HF who were prescribed midodrine on discharge and compared them with 358 patients with decompensated systolic HF who were not prescribed midodrine. At 6 months, the midodrine group had more initiation or up-titration of beta blockers, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors, and sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors compared with the nonmidodrine group. Survival at 6 months was similar between the 2 groups, but the midodrine group had more frequent rehospitalization for HF. Our findings suggest that midodrine is associated with improved GDMT in patients with decompensated HF but may be associated with worse prognosis.
Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Prevalence and Predictors
Authors: WOODS NANCY F. , SHAVER JOAN F. , BERG JUDITH A.
Published: December 2023

The genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) has been proposed as a diagnosis by a consensus of clinicians and investigators. Our purpose for this paper is to review extant evidence about: 1) the breadth of symptoms and symptom clusters as related to the syndrome; 2) the prevalence of GSM (includes vulvar and vaginal atrophy); 3) factors that are associated with, predict, or explain the syndrome; and 4) what should be pursued for expanding meaningful evidence. Within recent literature, we found a wide range of prevalence estimates, likely a function of the differing populations studied, study design, and methods of data collection. Factors related to the prevalence of GSM included age and aging; reproductive aging stage; hormones, especially estrogen; and culture and language. We recommend further specification of diagnostic criteria for GSM; clarification of urinary symptoms in GSM; use of longitudinal study designs; validation of GSM-related measures; exploration of cultural equivalence of GSM measures; and assessing biases in completed research.
Childhood trauma and the use of opioids and other prescription analgesics in adolescence and young adulthood: The HUNT Study
Authors: Baumann-Larsen Monica , Storheim Kjersti , Stangeland Helle , Zwart John-Anker , Wentzel-Larsen Tore , Skurtveit Svetlana , Dyb Grete , Stensland Synne Øien
Published: December 2023

Opioid and nonopioid analgesics are commonly prescribed to young people to alleviate pain. Even short-term prescriptions increase the risk of persistent use and future misuse of potent analgesics, such as opioids. Childhood trauma exposure has been found to be related to pain conditions and to using more prescription analgesics. This large, prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association of a broad range of childhood trauma exposures with prescription rates for opioid and nonopioid analgesics in adolescence and young adulthood. Self-reported data on childhood trauma exposures from adolescents (aged 13-19 years) who participated in the Young-HUNT3 Study (2006-2008, n = 8199) were linked to data from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD, 2004-2021). We found that exposure to childhood trauma was consistently associated with higher prescription rates for opioids throughout adolescence and young adulthood. The highest incidence rate ratio (IRR) in adolescence was observed for sexual abuse (IRR 1.63, confidence interval [CI] 1.19-2.23). In young adulthood, the highest IRR was observed for physical violence (2.66, CI 2.27-3.12). The same overall pattern was observed for nonopioid analgesics. The more frequent prescriptions of opioid and nonopioid analgesics to participants exposed to childhood trauma suggests a higher symptom load of pain causing them to seek professional help with pain relief. Receiving potent analgesics is not without risk, and the likelihood of misuse may be elevated among trauma-exposed individuals. A trauma-informed approach to pain could be vital for guiding clinicians to the most effective and least harmful treatment for each patient.
Prospective Evaluation of Sexual Dysfunction in Men With Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Shah Ishani , Anderson Kelsey , Bocchino Rachel , Freedman Steven D. , Carrasquillo Robert , Sheth Sunil G.
Published: December 2023

Objective

Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and its association with quality of life (QOL) in men with chronic pancreatitis (CP).

Materials and Methods

Male patients with CP were prospectively enrolled in our pancreas center and completed the following 4 validated questionnaires: International Index of Erectile Function 5, Erectile Hardness Score, Pancreatitis Quality of Life Instrument, and Short Form Survey. Patients were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe SD based on review of questionnaires.

Results

Thirty patients were enrolled in the study, of which 18 patients had SD (mild in 9, moderate in 1, and severe in 8 patients). No significant differences were seen demographic or clinical characteristics in patients with and without SD. Patients with SD had more abdominal pain compared with those without SD (94.4% vs 83.3%, P = 0.001). No significant differences were noted in QOL metrics between the 2 groups.

Conclusions

This pilot study shows that SD is present in 60% males with CP. No difference was noted in the QOL of patients with and without SD, albeit limited by our small sample size. Physicians caring for CP patients should routinely inquire for symptoms of SD and offer a urology referral if indicated.
Beneficial Effects of 6-Gingerol on Fatty Pancreas Disease in High-Fat High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome Rat Model
Authors: Munika Eka , Gunawan Shirly , Wuyung Puspita Eka , Soetikno Vivian
Published: December 2023

Objective

To examine the effects of 6-gingerol (6-G) in overcoming fatty pancreas disease of high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats.

Materials and Methods

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. The healthy-control group (normal diet, n = 5) received a standard diet. The HFHF group (HFHF; n = 20) received an HFHF diet and a single-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (22 mg/kgBW) at week 8. Metabolic syndrome–confirmed rats received 6-G at doses of 50 (6-G 50, n = 5), 100 (6-G 100, n = 5), and 200 (6-G 200, n = 5) mg/kgBW, respectively, for 8 weeks. All rats were killed at week 16. Pancreatic tissue and blood samples were obtained for histological and amylase analysis.

Results

The serum amylase, MDA, mRNA of TNF-α, and IL-6 significantly increased, whereas GPx decreased in the HFHF group as compared with the normal diet group, respectively. Rats in the HFHF group showed pancreatic lipid accumulation and a decreased mean number of α- and β-cells in the pancreas. Meanwhile, all rats in 6-G at all dose groups showed improvement in all parameters and histopathological scores for lipid accumulation.

Conclusions

6-Gingerol could attenuate pancreatic lipid accumulation and improve the cell number of α- and β-cells in the pancreas, leading to improvements in fatty pancreas disease.
Case Study of Autopsy Findings in a Population of Post-COVID-19 Vaccination in Thailand
Authors: Dul-amnuay Atthasit
Published: December 2023

Thailand began offering the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine nationwide in February 2021, with 1,885 deaths reported by the end of the year. Therefore, it is essential to assess the correlation between vaccination and cause of death from autopsy. This study included 34 autopsies of a deceased within 30 days after COVID-19 vaccination performed in Bangkok under the postmortem inquest service area of Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital. The autopsies were performed by forensic pathologists. Moreover, detailed information about the deceased was collected, including age, sex, medical records, vaccination history, scene investigation reports, autopsy reports, cause of death, and a probable causal relationship between vaccination and cause of death. There were 24 males (70.59%), and the average age of the deceased was 52.76 years. Of all individuals, 28 (82.36%), 4 (11.76%), and 2 (5.88%) were vaccinated with AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, and SinoVac, respectively. The most common cause of death was ischemic heart disease (n = 17). None of the deceased patients had a causal relationship to the vaccine. Deaths were due to natural causes, as no definitive link between vaccination and cause of death was established in the study.
TOT Collar Use in Complex Case of Congenital Muscular Torticollis With Persistent Head Tilt
Authors: Tillinghast Amanda B. , Greve Kelly R. , Le Cras Sally P.
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

The purposes of this case report were to (1) highlight the use and efficacy of the Tubular Orthosis for Torticollis (TOT) Collar in a prolonged and complex episode of care for an infant with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) and (2) describe an infant with CMT receiving a physical therapy episode of care interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to use of supplemental interventions.

Summary of Key Points:

The patient presented was an infant with CMT who received physical therapy treatment, including the TOT Collar, to resolve all symptoms.

Statement of Conclusions:

The TOT Collar helped achieve midline head position after all treatment options were exhausted at the end of a lengthy episode of care impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Recommendation for Clinical Practice:

The TOT Collar may be an appropriate supplemental intervention choice for infants with CMT whose symptoms do not resolve with first-choice interventions.
Machine Learning Unravels Inherent Structural Patterns inEscherichia coliHi-C Matrices and Predicts DNA Dynamics
Authors: Bera Palash , Mondal Jagannath
Published: December 2023

The large dimension of the Hi-C-derived chromosomal contact map, even for a bacterial cell, presents challenges in extracting meaningful information related to its complex organization. Here we first demonstrate that a machine-learnt (ML) low-dimensional embedding of a recently reported Hi-C interaction map of archetypal bacteriaE. Colican decode crucial underlying structural pattern. In particular, a three-dimensional latent space representation of (928×928) dimensional Hi-C map, derived from an unsupervised artificial neural network, automatically detects a set of spatially distinct domains that show close correspondences with six macro-domains (MDs) that were earlier proposed acrossE. Coligenome via recombination assay-based experiments. Subsequently, we develop a supervised random-forest regression model by machine-learning intricate relationship between large array of Hi-C-derived chromosomal contact probabilities and diffusive dynamics of each individual chromosomal gene. The resultant ML model dictates that a minimal subset of important chromosomal contact pairs (only 30 %) out of full Hi-C map is sufficient for optimal reconstruction of the heterogenous, coordinate-dependent sub-diffusive motions of chromosomal loci. Specifically the Ori MD was predicted to exhibit most substantial contribution in chromosomal dynamics among all MDs. Finally, the ML models, trained on wild-typeE. Coliwas tested for its predictive capabilities on mutant bacterial strains, shedding light on the structural and dynamic nuances of ΔMatP30MM and ΔMukBEF22MM chromosomes. Overall our results illuminate the power of ML techniques in unraveling the complex relationship between structure and dynamics of bacterial chromosomal loci, promising meaningful connections between our ML-derived insights and real-world biological phenomena.
The neuron as a temporal electroacoustic medium
Authors: Meseguer F. , Ramiro-Manzano F.
Published: December 2023

The human brain is one of the most complex and intriguing scientific topics. The most established theory on neuronal communication is a pure electrical model based on the propagation of intracell cationic charges along the neurons. Here we propose a complementary model based on two properties of brain communication: A) The Coulomb interaction associated to the Action Potential (AP) pulse induces a deformation of the neuron membrane which travels as an acoustic signal, i.e.: The ions play an essential role and the electric and acoustic signals, composing the AP, are strongly correlated. B) As brain communication is stablished through a periodic train of AP pulses it induces a time periodic modulation of the acoustic parameters. In this framework we propose envisaging the neuron as a temporal electro-acoustic medium. The temporal varying media framework could help understanding brain conundrums such as propagation routes involved in the neuronal plasticity in the consolidation of the memory, as well as on the generation of the signals associated to the brain field theory.
Mapping the bioimaging marker of Alzheimer’s disease based on pupillary light response-driven brain-wide fMRI in awake mice
Authors: Liu Xiaochen , Hike David , Choi Sangcheon , Man Weitao , Ran Chongzhao , Zhou Xiaoqing Alice , Jiang Yuanyuan , Yu Xin
Published: December 2023

Pupil dynamics has emerged as a critical non-invasive indicator of brain state changes. In particular, pupillary-light-responses (PLR) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients may be used as biomarkers of brain degeneration. To characterize AD-specific PLR and its underlying neuromodulatory sources, we combined high-resolution awake mouse fMRI with real-time pupillometry to map brain-wide event-related correlation patterns based on illumination-driven pupil constriction (Pc) and post-illumination pupil dilation recovery (amplitude,Pd, and time,T). ThePc-driven differential analysis revealed altered visual signal processing coupled with reduced thalamocortical activation in AD mice compared with the wild-type normal mice. In contrast, the post-illumination pupil dilation recovery-based fMRI highlighted multiple brain areas related to AD brain degeneration, including the cingulate cortex, hippocampus, septal area of the basal forebrain, medial raphe nucleus, and pontine reticular nuclei (PRN). Also, brain-wide functional connectivity analysis highlighted the most significant changes in PRN of AD mice, which serves as the major subcortical relay nuclei underlying oculomotor function. This work combined non-invasive pupil-fMRI measurements in preclinical models to identify pupillary biomarkers based on neuromodulatory dysfunction coupled with AD brain degeneration.
Learning to manage the unexpected: applying Weick and Sutcliffe’s HRO principles to oil tanker accidents
Authors: Amici Bianca , Farnese Maria Luisa
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Weick and Sutcliffe identified five principles that enable high-reliability organizations (HROs) to address environmental complexity and manage unexpected events. The current study aims to adopt this sensemaking perspective to analyze accidents within a typical HRO sector, namely maritime transport.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a retrospective case study analysis, this study focused on seven oil tanker accidents, using them as illustrative examples.

Findings

Findings show how the five principles contributed to the accidents' occurrence, explaining how failures in sensemaking affected the crew's capability to both prevent errors and cope with their consequences, thus leading to disasters.

Research limitations/implications

Overall, the study offers an applicative contribution showing how this model may provide a reliable framework for analyzing the psychosocial factors affecting an accident. This approach deepens the understanding of how latent factors are enacted and how the prevention and error management phases interrelate within a comprehensive flow of the entire accident sequence. Furthermore, the study emphasizes consistent patterns that emerge across multiple accidents within the same sector, in order to learn valuable lessons to improve safety measures in the future.

Originality/value

This study constitutes an exemplary application in support of how Weick and Sutcliffe’s model is valuable for investigating HROs. It offers a second-order interpretative framework to understand accidents and underscores the interplay among these factors during the dynamic development of an accident.
University contributions to sustainability via state-level climate action plans in the USA
Authors: Spaulding Nicole E. , Fernandez Ivan J. , Gassett Parker R.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to conduct a preliminary analysis of the role of higher education institutions (HEIs) in state climate science assessment (CSA) and state climate adaptation plan (CAP) development in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a content review of US state government and land grant (LG) university websites, including 36 CSAs and CAPs. These data informed the development of a tiered conceptual model of HEI engagement in state climate action planning. The conceptual model is evaluated through the lens of coproduction within knowledge networks.

Findings

HEI contributions to state-level climate action planning in the USA are highly variable, ranging from minimal engagement to defined roles in the development and implementation of robust state CAPs. Novel approaches to optimize effective exchange between scientists and decision-makers that also increase the engagement of academia are needed.

Practical implications

This study advocates for and provides a replicable example of HEI engagement in the development of mechanisms that increase the connectivity of in-state climate networks. Such mechanisms optimize information sharing and engagement, consequently building sustained capacity for in-state collaboration at the science–policy interface.

Originality/value

HEIs, particularly LG universities, are a stable source of state-specific climate science and expert assistance that persist beyond national and state political cycles. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is the first to examine their unique contributions to climate science policy development and implementation. It investigates specifically the relationships and interactions between HEIs and state governments in the USA and offers a detailed case study from the state of Maine.
Logistics performance system and their impact on economic corridors: a developing economy perspective
Authors: Sumbal Muhammad Saleem , Agha Mujtaba Hassan , Nisar Aleena , Chan Felix T.S.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the various systems in logistics industry of Pakistan through the lens of the World Bank's logistics performance indicators (LPI) and understand their impact on the China–Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC) that is a vital part of China's belt and road initiative (BRI).

Design/methodology/approach

In this study thematic analysis was performed on twenty-three semi-structured interviews with experts in Pakistan's logistics and supply chain sector to gain an in-depth insight into the logistics performance relative to CPEC.

Findings

A performance gap exists in the logistics systems in Pakistan, both for hard and soft infrastructure. The significant challenges are the inefficiencies of the government, minimal use of information and computing technology (ICT), and an incapable workforce. It is essential to be cognizant of the ground realities and amendments required in the existing policies and practices in light of the challenges faced and best practices adopted by developed and developing countries with good standing in logistics performance. This study will guide policymakers and practitioners for hard and soft logistics infrastructure improvement, which may benefit economic corridors in general and CPEC in particular.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the role of ICT in improving both soft and hard logistics infrastructure, which can lead to significant development of economic corridors. The study makes use of a case study of the CPEC to demonstrate the lack of ICT can hamper the growth of an economic corridor despite billions of dollars of investment in the hard infrastructure development projects.