bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategy development and cross-linguistic transfer in foreign and first language writing
Authors: Forbes Karen , Fisher Linda
Published: August 2018

In an increasingly multilingual world, empirical knowledge about the reciprocal influence between the mother tongue (L1) and a learner’s acquisition of foreign languages (FL) is crucial yet remains surprisingly scarce. This paper examines how an explicit focus on metacognitive strategy use within a FL (German) classroom impacts students’ development of writing strategies in the FL, and whether any such effects transfer to another FL (French) and/or to the L1 (English). Based on a quasi-experimental design, the study involved a two-phase intervention of strategy-based instruction primarily in the FL classroom and later also in the English classroom in a secondary school in England. Data were collected using writing strategy task sheets. Key findings indicate high levels of cross-linguistic transfer, both from one FL context to another and from FL – L1, evidenced especially by an improvement in the quality of students’ planning and a reduction in the number of errors. Findings support the development of a multilingual, strategy-based pedagogy for writing where L1 and FL teachers collaborate to encourage and facilitate connection-making across language contexts.
Picard Group and Fundamental Group of the Moduli of Higgs Bundles on Curves
Authors: Chakraborty Sujoy , Paul Arjun
Published: August 2018

Let X be an irreducible smooth projective curve of genus g ≥ 2 over ℂ. Let MG, Higgs
δbe a connected reductive affine algebraic group over ℂ. Let Higgs be the moduli space of semistable principal G-Higgs bundles on X of topological type δ∈π1(G). In this article,we compute the fundamental group and Picard group of
Call-by-need effects via coeffects
Authors: McDermott Dylan , Mycroft Alan
Published: August 2018

Effect systems refine types with information about the behaviour of programs. They have been used for many purposes, such as optimizing programs, determining resource usage, and finding bugs. So far, however, work on effect systems has largely concentrated on call-by-value languages. We consider the problem of designing an effect system for a lazy language. This is more challenging because it depends on the ability to locate the first use of each variable. Coeffect systems, which track contextual requirements of programs, provide a method of doing this. We describe how to track variable usage in a coeffect system that can be instantiated for different reduction strategies, including call-by-need. We then add effects to the result, allowing work that has been done on effect systems for call-by-value languages to be applied to lazy languages.
Fermat curves and a refinement of the reciprocity law on cyclotomic units
Authors: Kashio Tomokazu
Published: August 2018

We define a “period-ring-valued beta function” and give a reciprocity law on its special values.
The proof is based on some results of Rohrlich and Coleman concerning Fermat curves.
We also have the following application.
Stark’s conjecture implies that the exponentials of the derivatives at

s
=
0

s=0

of partial zeta functions are algebraic numbers which satisfy a reciprocity law
under certain conditions.
It follows from Euler’s formulas and properties of cyclotomic units when the base field is the rational number field.
In this paper, we provide an alternative proof of a weaker result by using the reciprocity law on the period-ring-valued beta function.
In other words, the reciprocity law given in this paper is a refinement of the reciprocity law on cyclotomic units.
Mobilizing International Law in the Palestinian Struggle for Justice
Authors: Bisharat George , Handmaker Jeff , Karmi Ghada , Tartir Alaa
Published: August 2018

Those involved in mobilizing international law to achieve justice for the Palestinians have invoked numerous legal and governance institutions, at both international and national levels. For various reasons, international law has understandably been regarded with a high level of skepticism by many Palestinians, particularly from legitimacy and effectiveness standpoints. However, law has also ignited the Palestinian civic imagination and has led to bold and creative initiatives, including efforts to hold both states and (corporate) non-state actors accountable through legal and other means, and even to construct alternative models for nation building. This introduction to a Special Issue of the Global Jurist on ‘International Law and the State of Israel’ emerges from an international conference that took place at Cork City Hall and at the campus of University College Cork in Ireland in March 2017. Our message for producing this Special Issue and indeed for our colleagues who organized the conference in the first place was simple: while we cannot afford to neglect law in envisioning alternative futures in Israel/Palestine (including statehood), justice always remains a guide.
Influence of atmospheric pressure plasma treatments on the surface properties of ligno-cellulosic substrates
Authors: Lekobou William P. , Englund Karl R. , Laborie Marie-Pierre , Pedrow Patrick D.
Published: August 2018

The paper aims at the investigation of atmospheric pressure weakly ionized plasmas with argon and acetylene to deposit plasma-polymerized coatings on wood veneers (birch, maple), cellulose paper, and pine wood flour to modify their surface properties, in particular their topography and wettability. The treatment was performed in a reactor containing an array of high-voltage needles and a grounded metallic mesh as electrodes. The deposition occurred in the discharge downstream of the plasma region. The plasma-polymerized acetylene deposits form spherical nodules on the surface of the substrates and change their wettability from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The water contact angles of the veneer were determined with a goniometer. The capillary rise was combined with the Washburn equation to assess the change in hydrophilicity of the plasma-treated wood flour.
Modulation of dynamin function by small molecules
Authors: Eschenburg Susanne , Reubold Thomas F.
Published: August 2018

Dynamins are essential as membrane remodelers in various cellular processes, like receptor-mediated endocytosis, synaptic vesicle recycling and spermatogenesis. Moreover, dynamin is involved in the internalization of numerous viruses and in the motility of several cancer cell lines. As tools for dissecting the underlying mechanisms of these important biological processes and as potential future therapeutics, small molecules have been developed in the last two decades that modulate the functions of dynamin. In this review we give an overview of the compound classes that are currently in use and describe how they affect dynamin function.
Is there an association between thyrotropin levels within the normal range and birth growth parameters in full-term newborns?
Authors: Nazeri Pantea , Shariat Mamak , Mehrabi Yadollah , Mirmiran Parvin , Azizi Fereidoun
Published: August 2018

Background

It has been suggested that thyroid hormone concentration at birth may have some role in regulating foetal growth. The aim of this study was to provide seminal data regarding any association between thyrotropin (TSH) concentration within the normal range and growth parameters at birth in full-term newborns.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study conducted in Tehran, Iran, 314 mother-newborn pairs were randomly selected from health care centres responsible for congenital hypothyroidism screening. Neonatal TSH concentration was measured using a heel-prick blood sample taken from all neonates 3–5 days after birth, as part of the routine neonate screening. Anthropometrics, including birth weight, length and head circumference were obtained from the birth record of each neonate. The z-score values for weight-for-age, weight-for-length, length-for-age and head-for-age were calculated using the World Health Organisation growth standards.

Results

The median interquartile range neonatal TSH values were 0.9 mIU/L (0.4–1.7 mIU/L). Neonates in the top tertile of TSH values had higher birth weights and weight-for-age z-scores than those in the bottom tertile (p<0.05). In addition, neonatal TSH was associated with weight-for-age z-scores in unadjusted (β=0.113, p=0.020) and adjusted (β=0.122, p=0.013) analysis. However, in both unadjusted and adjusted analysis, no association was observed between TSH concentrations of neonates and weight-for-length, length-for-age and head-for-age z-scores.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate a positive association between the normal range of neonatal screening TSH concentration and birth weight; however, this association was not observed for other anthropometric parameters at birth.
The Qur’ān as History for Muslims and Christians in al-Andalus
Authors: Christys Ann
Published: August 2018

This paper explores the vocabulary of the Qur’ān in texts composed in Latin and Arabic by Christians in al-Andalus in the period up to the end of the ninth century. The main focus of the paper is a comparison between the Arabic translation of Orosius’ Seven books of history against the pagans and the History attributed to Ibn Ḥabīb (d. 853). Both are works of universal history showing the hand of God at work in the history of humankind. The Qur’ān was crucially important for Ibn Ḥabīb in conveying this message. Did this translate into Christian universal history in Arabic?
Zoroastrians, Islam and the Holy Qur’ān. Purity and Danger in Pahlavi Literature in the Early Islamic Period (Seventh–Tenth Centuries)
Authors: Campopiano Michele
Published: August 2018

This paper will reflect on how Pahlavi texts after the Islamic conquest conceptualize conflicts between Islamic norms and Zoroastrian rules, in particular those concerning purity. The paper will therefore be concerned with the representation of Islam and Islamic practices within the Mazdean community. For this reason, the issue of the reception of the Holy Qur’ān within Pahlavi literature will also need to be addressed. The paper will formulate some hypotheses on what goals the Mazdean intellectual elites (in this case, essentially their clergy) tried to achieve through their representation of Islam. It will also discuss how this representation connected with the economic and social transformation that this community underwent with the end of the Sasanian Empire, in particular with the changes in landholding that had been among the main sources of wealth and power for the Sasanian aristocracy.
“Deleytaste del dulce sono y no pensaste en las palabras”. Rendering Arabic in theAntialcoranes
Authors: Szpiech Ryan , Starczewska Katarzyna , Mercedes García-Arenal Rodríguez
Published: August 2018

This essay studies the translations of the Qur’ān into Romance languages in anti-Islamic treatises written by Christians in the Iberian Peninsula in the sixteenth century. It compares three such works (here calledAntialcoranesor ‘anti-Qur’āns’) that contain citations of the Qur’ān in Arabic, either in Arabic script or in transliteration, or both. These include theConfusión o confutación de la secta Mahomética y del Alcorán(1515) of Juan Andrés, theLumbre de fe contra la secta mahometana y el alcorán(1521) by Martín de Figuerola and theConfutación del alcorán y secta mahometana(1555) by Lope de Obregón. It also considers glosses found in the Latin Qur’ān made at the behest of the Italian cardinal Egidio (Giles) da Viterbo (1518). We argue that these works merit detailed study, along with more studied Latin translations, as part of a history of the translation of the Qur’ān in the early modern period.
Faith and Knowledge: Remarks Inspired by Søren Kierkegaard’s Philosophical Fragments
Authors: Huggler Jørgen
Published: August 2018

In this article, I present some reflections on the relationship between faith and knowledge in some of Kierkegaard’s works, primarily the Philosophical Fragments from 1844. I ask, what the project of Climacus consists in, and proceed to show that his opposition between faith and knowledge includes a number of decisions that are neither trivial nor particularly stable. By doing so, I want to present my own doubts as to whether the opposition between faith (by Climacus connected to history, becoming and paradox) and knowledge (connected to intellectual understanding, logic, timelessness and necessity) itself is reasonable. Based on the analysis, I argue that the texts authored by Climacus presuppose a substantial acquaintance with Christian thought and doctrine. This is only indirectly acknowledged by Climacus, and perhaps incompatible with his “thought-project.” Further, I discuss whether his denial of intellectual understanding of traditional Christian thought as a path to faith gives license to irrationalistic views.
Die Ausnahme bei Christian Garve und Søren Kierkegaard
Authors: Ackermann Sabine
Published: August 2018

Although people have established rules to secure their life and values, they seem to search—and to have searched, time and again, in the past—for exceptions to those rules, and this for different purposes. The article compares two concepts of exception, suggested by Kierkegaard in Fear and Trembling and by Garve in his Treatise on the Connection between Moral and Politics, respectively. A systematic-critical analysis shows certain intersections between their specific ways of handling the proposed exception. Garve’s concept of exception requires an original status naturalis between countries to increase happiness, and this is claimed by an established sovereign ruling with trust in God for his people. By contrast, the exception of Kierkegaard’s teleological suspension of the ethical turns out, precisely by being based on an individual’s relationship with God, to be incommensurable with purportedly universal social, ethical and political standards. This notwithstanding, both conceptions build on the notion of a human existence, which is subject to and ultimately dependent upon no one except the immortal God.
Communication of Existence: Søren Kierkegaard and Gabriel Marcel
Authors: Disse Jörg
Published: August 2018

The article compares Kierkegaard’s and Marcel’s comprehension of existence and communication of existence. With reference to the notion of existence, both authors (independently from each other) develop the idea of a second reflection that includes a theory of communication. But whereas Kierkegaard conceives communication strictly within a first person perspective, Marcel establishes a kind of second person perspective. For this reason and despite a strong common basis in their views, different aspects of communication of existence are put forward by them.
Pseudonymous Voices Talking Back: Kierkegaard’s Plural Perspectives and a Wittgensteinian Point of View
Authors: Kaasgaard Stine Zink
Published: August 2018

The question of Kierkegaard’s use of pseudonyms is an old one. This article does not aim to add any suggestions as to what may or may not have been the idea behind writing pseudonymously, or what kind of strategy it supposedly fulfilled. It aims, rather, at considering what it would mean to let the pseudonyms speak. The question then becomes: can we maintain the plurality of different perspectives, pronounced by all these voices, and still be able to maintain meaning? It is in lieu of this problem that some of Wittgenstein’s late notions of seeing and seeing aspects are introduced as a possible manner of retaining meaning, without insisting on meaning as such.
Functional analysis method for the M/G/1 queueing model with single working vacation
Authors: Kasim Ehmet , Gupur Geni
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we study the asymptotic property of underlying operator corresponding to the M/G/1 queueing model with single working vacation, where both service times in a regular busy period and in a working vacation period are function. We obtain that all points on the imaginary axis except zero belong to the resolvent set of the operator and zero is an eigenvalue of both the operator and its adjoint operator with geometric multiplicity one. Therefore, we deduce that the time-dependent solution of the queueing model strongly converges to its steady-state solution. We also study the asymptotic behavior of the time-dependent queueing system’s indices for the model.
Photovoltage Formation Across Si P-N Junction Exposed to Laser Radiation
Authors: Ašmontas Steponas , Gradauskas Jonas , Sužiedélis Algirdas , Šilénas Aldis , Širmulis Edmundas , Švedas Vitas , Vaičikauskas Viktoras , Vaičiūnas Vytautas , Žalys Ovidijus Ž , Kostylyov Vitaliy
Published: August 2018

Photovoltage formation across Si p-n junction exposed to laser radiation is experimentally investigated. Illumination of the junction with 1.06 μm wavelength laser radiation leads to formation of classical photovoltage Uphdue to intense electronhole pair generation. When the photon energy is lower than the semiconductor forbidden energy gap, the photovoltage U is found to consist of two components, U = Uf+ Uph. The first Uf is a fast one having polarity of thermoelectromotive force of hot carriers. The second Uphis classical photovoltage with polarity opposite to Uf. It is found that Ufis linearly dependent on laser intensity. The classical photovoltage is established to decrease with the rise of radiation wavelength due to decrease in two-photon absorption coefficient with wavelength. Predominance of each separate component in the formation of the net photovoltage depends on both laser wavelength and intensity
The influence of Kanthal wire surface defects on the formation of Si nanolayer deposited by PVD method
Authors: Szczypiński Mieczysław , Reszka Kazimierz , Szczypiński Michał M.
Published: August 2018

The subject of this research is the structure of a Si nanolayer deposited on a FeCrAl wire surface by means of magnetron sputtering method. Si layer was selected as one of possible protections of the wire surface against excessive corrosive-erosive wear. In order to increase the power necessary for the DC discharge of the magnetron with Si cathode, a second magnetron with an aluminum disc as a cathode was used. The wire was attached to a carousel holder to ensure its rotation around the magnetron. The thickness of the deposited layers was about 150 nm. A wire surface examination indicated the presence of defects such as gaps between grains, cavities as well as severely deformed grains of surface layer. The research was conducted on the sample sections which had been prepared by focused ion beam method (FIB). The technique of transmission microscopy, which was used for observation, allowed us to obtain images in bright field (BF), dark field (DF), as well as in high resolution (HREM). The studies were also performed on the wire surface after the cutting process of the expanded polystyrene blocks. A metallographic optical microscope Nikon MA200 with a large depth of field was used for the examination which showed the presence of carbon deposit products. Additionally, a composition microanalysis was carried out along the line within selected areas of samples, with the use of energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). A large impact of wire surface defects on Si layer forming was found as well as a high direct homogeneous growth. The examination of the sections indicated the existence of a mechanism of defects sealed by Si layer, where directionality of grains growth in these areas revealed the tendency for vertical location relative to defects surface. Consequently, closed nanopores, i.e. spaces not covered with Si layer, were created. It is a characteristic feature of areas with defects covered with an oxide film created in a natural way.
Crystal structure of methyl 2-methyl-4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate, C19H21NO4
Authors: Ma Jun , Dai Weiwei , Feng Weiwei , Lin Tingting , Zhou Lijing , Qin Wei , Wang Xuyang
Published: August 2018

C19H21NO4, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 17.349(5) Å, b = 7.354(2) Å, c = 25.757(7) Å, β = 97.637(5)°, V = 3257.1(16) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0444, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1141, T = 296(2) K.
Preparation and characterization of silica aerogel/polymethyl methacrylate composites with electrostatic interaction phase interface
Authors: Li Hongyan , Sun Cong , Li Ruyi , Fu Yongqiang , Song Limeng , Yang Aiwu , Liu Hongli
Published: August 2018

Silica aerogel (SA)/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composites were prepared through electrostatic interaction, which could form phase interface. The effects of electrostatic interaction phase interface on the performance of the composites were studied. The SA/polymer hybrid composites were prepared because of the negative charges in SA and the positive charges in polymer. Characterizations of the SA, polymer, and composites were performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmittance, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, zeta potential, and so on. The results indicated that SA has negative charges, whereas the polymer has positive charges; thus, the polymer was absorbed on the surface of the SA skeleton to form an electrostatic interaction phase interface. The composites achieved better transmittance than that of SA/PMMA with the electrostatic interaction phase interface.
Memantine for the treatment of ischemic stroke: experimental benefits and clinical lack of studies
Authors: Seyedsaadat Seyed Mohammad , F. Kallmes David
Published: August 2018

Stroke is an important cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Immediately after stroke onset, the ischemic cascade initiates and deleteriously affects neural cells. Time to reperfusion therapy is a critical determinant of functional recovery in stroke patients. Although recent trials have shown the significant efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy, either alone or with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, in improving the functional outcomes of stroke patients with large vessel occlusion, hours can pass before patients receive reperfusion therapy. Moreover, many patients do not meet the eligibility criteria to receive reperfusion treatments. Therefore, an adjunct and alternative agent that can protect ischemic neuronal tissue during the hyperacute phase until reperfusion therapy can be administered may prevent further brain damage and enhance functional recovery. Memantine is a US Food and Drug Administration approved drug for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Memantine blocks overstimulated N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and prevents neurotoxicity caused by massive glutamate release. Preclinical studies show that memantine decreases infarction volume and improves neurologic outcomes. However, few clinical studies have evaluated the safety and efficacy of memantine in stroke patients. This review article summarizes the current evidence for the role of memantine in the treatment of ischemic stroke and highlights areas for future research.
Laparoscopic Splenectomy in the Treatment of Hematological Diseases of the Spleen
Authors: Milosavljevic Vladimir , Grubor Nikola , Tadic Boris , Knezevic Djordje , Cirkovic Andja M , Milicic Vesna , Znidarsic Masa , Matic Slavko
Published: August 2018

Methods of surgical treatment of hematological diseases of the spleen have changed significantly in the past decade. The introduction of laparoscopic and minimally invasiveprocedures as standard for solving a significant number of conditions in abdominal surgery, has led surgeons toincreasingly use laparoscopic surgery of the spleen. However, some unique anatomical characteristics of the spleen can lead to limitation in the application of laparoscopy. In this study, we investigated the application of laparoscopic splenectomy in the treatment of haematological disorders of the spleen, intraoperative and postoperative characteristics, the presentation ofoperational technique and the evaluation of the success of this procedure. In the treatment of benign hematological diseases, the effectiveness and efficiency of laparoscopy has been proven. The speculation of medical professionals is that laparoscopic splenectomy is an equal, if not the superior way of treating benign hematological diseases of the spleen in relation to the open procedure, and that there is a chance that laparoscopy might completely replace the classical surgery in most of it’s indications.
Olanzapine - Focus on the Cardiometabolic Side Effects
Authors: Mitrovic Miroslav , Nikolic Tamara , Turnic Marko , Djuric Dusan
Published: August 2018

In this article, we review the recent findings concerning weight gain, diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular side effects in patients receiving olanzapine. It will consider the OLZ is associated with an increase in metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular events, and knowledge of these risks is crucial for further monitoring of patients with OLZ-treatment. Although it is one of the most commonly prescribed and effective AATPs, olanzapine causes the most weight gain and metabolic impairments in humans. As noted with glucose abnormalities and antipsychotics, olanzapine has the greatest propensity for causing proatherogenic hyperlipidemia. The mechanism of dyslipidemia with OLZ is poorly understood, but OLZ has been shown to increase lipogenesis, reduce lipolysis, and enhance the antilipolytic effects of insulin in adipocytes. Olanzapine can induce cardiomyopathy in selected patients.

Taken together, all mentioned data indicate that interventions aimed at the amelioration of obesity and cardiovascular illness need to be as multipronged and complex as the contributing psychosocial, behavioural, and biological factors that make obesity and cardiovascular illness more likely in patients with severe mental illness, including schizophrenia.
Pleural Empyema Menagement: A Brief Review of Litterature
Authors: Arsenijevic Milos , Milisavljevic Slobodan , Mrvic Stanko , Stojkovic Dragan
Published: August 2018

Pleural empyema, defined as the presence of purulent material within the pleural space, is the consequence of a suppurative process involving the serous pleural layers. Thoracic empyema is a dynamic process, inflammatory in origin and taking place within a preformed space bordered by both the visceral and parietal pleura. It is a complex clinical entity, neither a sole clinical, laboratory, nor a radiological diagnosis. The primary therapeutic aim: ‘ubi pus evacua’ — if you find pus remove it—has not changed since the age of Celsus. Therefore, treatment of the acute empyema of the pleura is directed to early and complete evacuation of empirical fluid and content, achieving full re-expansion of the lungs and eradication of the infection using appropriate surgical procedures, antibiotics and other supportive procedures. The optimum method of treating empyema should be adjusted to the condition of the patient and the stage of the disease in which the patient is located. The method of treatment depends on the etiology (pneumonic or traumatic), the general condition of the patient and the stage of disease development. By reviewing the available literature, it can be concluded that treating the pleural empyemas is a demanding procedure, in which it is necessary for the treating physician to apply all of his knowledge, and that there is good cooperation with the patient.
Effects of Traditional and Vascular Restricted Strength Training Program With Equalized Volume on Isometric and Dynamic Strength, Muscle Thickness, Electromyographic Activity, and Endothelial Function Adaptations in Young Adults
Authors: Ramis Thiago Rozales , Muller Carlos Henrique de Lemos , Boeno Francesco Pinto , Teixeira Bruno Costa , Rech Anderson , Pompermayer Marcelo Gava , Medeiros Niara da Silva , Oliveira Álvaro Reischak de , Pinto Ronei Silveira , Ribeiro Jerri Luiz
Published: August 2018

Ramis, TR, Muller, CHdL, Boeno, FP, Teixeira, BC, Rech, A, Pompermayer, MG, Medeiros, NdS, Oliveira, ÁRd, Pinto, RS, and Ribeiro, JL. Effects of traditional and vascular restricted strength training program with equalized volume on isometric and dynamic strength, muscle thickness, electromyographic activity, and endothelial function adaptations in young adults. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 689–698, 2020—The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the acute and chronic effects of partial vascular occlusion training in young, physically active adults. Neuromuscular, morphological, and endothelial function responses were compared between high-intensity resistance training (HI-RT) and low-intensity resistance training with partial vascular occlusion (LI-BFR), despite the same training volume. The 28 subjects (age, 23.96 ± 2.67 years) were randomly assigned into 2 groups: LI-BFR (n = 15) and HI-RT (n = 13). Both groups performed unilateral exercise of elbow flexion (EF) and knee extension (KE) 3 times per week for 8 weeks. This study was approved by the ethics committee. Flow-mediated dilation showed a significant difference in baseline and post-training in the LI-BFR group (4.44 ± 0.51 vs. 6.35 ± 2.08 mm, respectively). For nitrite/nitrate concentrations only, there was a significant difference when comparing pre- and post-acute exercise in both groups. The torque and rep. Sixty percent 1 repetition maximum had improvements in both groups. There were differences between groups only in isometric delta EF and isokinetic delta KE (EF 3.42 ± 5.09 and 9.61 ± 7.52 N·m; KE 12.78 ± 25.61 and 42.69 ± 35.68 N·m; LI-BFR and HI-RT groups, respectively). There was a significant increase of muscle thickness in both groups. An increase of both isokinetic and isometric electromyography (EMG) of biceps of the HI-RT group was observed. The same was observed for the LI-BFR group regarding isokinetic and isometric EMG of vastus lateralis. Thus, in addition to strength and hypertrophy gains, this study also shows benefits related to vascular function. For practical applications, this study demonstrates a clinical importance of LI-BFR training as an alternative methodology.
Field Monitoring of Vertical Movement in a Six-Story Wood-Frame Building in Coastal British Columbia
Authors: Wang Jieying
Published: August 2018

Vertical movement was monitored for 24 months in a six-story wood-frame residential building in the coastal climate of British Columbia, Canada, from construction to service. The work was part of a long-term study to assist in the design of mid-rise wood-frame buildings. Displacement sensors were installed from the first floor to the top floor in a party wall, a hallway wall, and an interior partition wall, plus in the bottom two floors of an exterior wall to measure vertical movement, after the roof sheathing was installed. In addition, sensors were installed in the party wall and the exterior wall on the first floor to measure the moisture content of the wood, together with sensors for measuring environmental conditions in service. It was found that downward vertical movement, i.e., building shortening, occurred from construction to service and leveled off after a period of about 17 months. From the top of sill plates to the underside of roof trusses, the shortening reached approximately 34 mm at the party wall, 35 mm at the hallway wall, and 37 mm at the interior partition wall. The average shortening amount of 35 mm exceeded the predicted shrinkage amount based on a commonly used calculation method by about 25 %. The effects of loads on vertical movement should be taken into account in the design of mid-rise wood-frame construction.
Development of Post-weld Electrodynamic Treatment Using Electric Current Pulses for Control of Stress-Strain States and Improvement of Life of Welded Structures
Authors: Lobanov Leonid M. , Kondratenko Igor P. , Zhiltsov Andriy V. , Pashchin Nikolai A. , Mikhodui Olha L.
Published: August 2018

The present work was aimed at the development of a new technological process: a post-weld electrodynamic treatment of welded joints by pulses of a high-density current. Generators of the pulse current and electrode devices, realizing the preset parameters of electrodynamic effects at single- and two-channel schemes, were designed and manufactured. The results of experimental investigations, carried out on specimens of base metal and welded joints, showed that the electrodynamic treatment has a positive effect on the structure of the treated metal and allows the residual stresses in welded joints to decrease gently, increasing their resistance to fatigue and brittle fracture as well as eliminating the distortion deformations in thin-walled elements of structures. The developed technologies and equipment gave an opportunity to perform the electrodynamic treatment of welded joints of hull structures of ships of aluminum alloy AMg6 and repair welds of an intermediate casing of the aircraft engine of heat-resistant magnesium alloy ML10, thus promoting an increase in their service reliability and life.
Dibenzoate Plasticizer Technology for Sealants
Authors: Johnson Gina , Arendt William D. , McBride Emily
Published: August 2018

Dibenzoate plasticizers are widely utilized in latex caulks because they are compatible with the polymers used in that application. Dibenzoates are also known to be used in the polymer side of two-part insulating glass polysulfide sealants. A new and promising application for dibenzoate plasticizers is in silyl-terminated polyethers and polyurethanes. This paper will provide an overview of information demonstrating the use of dibenzoate plasticizers in caulks and sealants with performance examples.
A Review of Structural Glazing Installations from the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: Bull Errol D. , Doors Pedro W.
Published: August 2018

Silicone sealants have been used since the 1960s as an adhesive to bond glass/glass and glass/metal constructions in facades and buildings, and a unique assembly type evolved around this time that came to be known as structural silicone glazing (SSG). In these systems the silicone sealant acts both as an elastomeric adhesive transferring applied glazing loads to supportive metal framing as well as a seal maintaining air and watertightness. Such systems offer numerous benefits as well as the opportunity of creating walls of uninterrupted glass and other unique aesthetic features without visual mechanical attachment of glazed elements. In general, the past 45 years have shown that the silicone sealants previously and currently employed have remained durable enough to maintain a healthy service life, but what is the actual service life of these systems? Because there is a life-safety aspect to SSG, a commonly asked question that demands continual study but remains elusive pertains to predicted longevity. Simply put: “How long can SSG systems last before replacement becomes necessary?” This paper provides information gleaned from numerous existing SSG installations from the 1970s and 1980s via field visits, extraction of structural silicone sealants, and subsequent laboratory evaluation of aged silicone rubber. Data were obtained through glass replacement works or from investigative inspection.
Accelerated Weathering Test Standards for Sealants and Adhesives: Replicating Aqueous Outdoor Environments for Improved Service Life Prediction
Authors: Francis Andy , Tobin Bill , Fowler Sean
Published: August 2018

Weathering testing of sealants and adhesives is critical to understanding how these materials will perform in outdoor environments. A wide variety of natural outdoor and accelerated weathering test standards are used to evaluate sealants’ performance in service environments. These tests can range from simple short-term testing for quality control and validation purposes to more scientifically robust standards that seek to provide realistic reproduction of weathering effects observed outdoors. Most commonly used weathering test standards for sealants and adhesives include general test cycles for durable materials that may not accurately simulate outdoor performance. Although pass/fail and correlative testing both provide invaluable information, organizations conducting testing often have a goal to determine an acceleration factor between laboratory and outdoor testing that enables prediction of materials’ service lifetime. Historical weathering test standards have done a poor job of replicating outdoor environments, particularly in regard to the effects of water on sealant durability. This has hampered efforts to use weathering testing to determine service life. This paper discusses efforts to bridge the gap between modern comparative weathering testing and service life prediction.
Implementing ASTM C1735 into Conventional Methods for Assessing Durability of Sealants
Authors: Carbary Lawrence D. , Allore Kelly M. , White Christopher C.
Published: August 2018

The recent introduction of ASTM C1735, Standard Test Method for Determining Tensile Adhesion Properties of Structural Sealants, allows a durability assessment of a sealant joint assembly without incurring destruction. Conventional testing of sealant assemblies to ASTM C1135, Standard Test Method for Determining Tensile Adhesion Properties of Structural Sealants, or ISO 8339, Building Construction—Sealants—Determination of Tensile Properties (Extension to Break), for assessing durability is to fabricate sealant joint assemblies and then to subject them to destructive testing after various exposures and durations. The stress-strain curves are then compared to each other over time to draw conclusions on durability. This results in the fabrication of many assemblies when data points are the average of three or five assemblies. The C1735 method allows one to reuse the specimens to track changes in modulus with various exposures because it does not take the specimens to failure. The C1735 method evaluates the specimens at a user-chosen strain, typically well below the ultimate destructive strain of the assembly. One can then draw conclusions on the specimen durability performance based on tracking the data and determining modulus changes with time. This paper reports the data of sealant test assemblies built and tested to C1735 and subjected to static exposures of room temperature; ultraviolet florescent exposures according to ASTM C1442, Standard Practice for Conducting Tests on Sealants Using Artificial Weathering Apparatus; room temperature water immersion; 55°C water immersion; and 88°C heat aging. The durability was assessed by visual inspection and change in modulus with exposure. The results show that C1735 is a viable method for assessing durability and reducing the number of specimens fabricated for a specific study. A comparison is made between destructive testing and C1735 testing noting the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Comparative Study of Guidelines Regarding the Design of Four-Sided SSG Systems Applied to Facades
Authors: Ishii Hisashi
Published: August 2018

In this study, national and international standards and guidelines for structural sealant glazing (SSG) systems applied to glass facades were investigated to clarify design differences. The subject standards are ASTM C1401-14, European Technical Approval Guideline (ETAG) 002, ISO 28278, Industrial Standard 102 of China (JGJ 102), and Japan Architectural Standard Specification (JASS) 17. According to the survey results, the type of working load is the same among these guidelines except for seismic and impact loads, and all guidelines differ from JASS 17 in that they calculate by combined load. The handling of the inclined surface affecting the working load is different among these standards. The allowable stress degree is 0.14 MPa except for JGJ 102, but the concept of the allowable deformation ratio, such as temperature and seismic movement, is applied in different ways, and the seal limitation size in ASTM C1401-14 is approximately two times as wide as that in Japan’s guidelines, which makes Japan’s standard more restrictive. Moreover, Japan’s provisions for SSG bite and thickness are different from those of other guidelines. All guidelines specify a thickness less than or equal to the width, whereas JASS 17 also provides for a case in which the thickness is greater than or equal to the width. ETAG 002 and ISO 28278 provide calculation formulas based on insulating glass units (IGUs) that are either supported or unsupported and that can be applied to various IGU types, but the Japanese guidelines do not have an IGU evaluation formula for an SSG system. Thus, this paper proposes a new IGU evaluation formula for the hermetic seal height for IGUs used in SSG systems in Japan. The results of this study are intended to accelerate the revision of the Japanese guidelines for SSG systems and to increase their consistency with the guidelines of other countries.
Parallel Arousal Pathways in the Lateral Hypothalamus
Authors: Heiss Jaime E. , Yamanaka Akihiro , Kilduff Thomas S.
Published: August 2018

Until recently, hypocretin (Hcrt) neurons were the only known wake-promoting neuronal population in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), but subpopulations of inhibitory neurons in this area and glutamatergic neurons in the nearby supramammillary nucleus (SuM) have recently been found that also promote wakefulness. We performed chemogenetic excitation of LH neurons in mice and observed increased wakefulness that lasted more than 4 h without unusual behavior or EEG anomalies. The increased wakefulness was similar in the presence or absence of the dual orexin receptor blocker almorexant (ALM). Analysis of hM3Dq transfection and c-FOS expression in LH inhibitory neurons and in the SuM failed to confirm that the increased wakefulness was due to these wake-promoting populations, although this possibility cannot be completely excluded. To evaluate the relationship to the Hcrt system, we repeated the study inOrexin-tTAmice in the presence or absence of dietary doxycycline (DOX), which enabled us to manipulate the percentage of Hcrt neurons that expressed hM3Dq. In DOX-fed mice, 18% of Hcrt neurons as well as many other LH neurons expressed hM3Dq; these mice showed a profound increase in wake after hM3Dq activation even in the presence of ALM. In mice switched to normal chow, 62% of Hcrt neurons expressed hM3Dq along with other LH cells; chemogenetic activation produced even more sustained arousal which could be reduced to previous levels by ALM treatment. Together, these results indicate an LH neuron population that promotes wakefulness through an Hcrt-independent pathway that can act synergistically with the Hcrt system to prolong arousal.
A Novel Alternative Splicing Mechanism That Enhances Human 5-HT1A Receptor RNA Stability Is Altered in Major Depression
Authors: Le François Brice , Zhang Lei , Mahajan Gouri J. , Stockmeier Craig A. , Friedman Eitan , Albert Paul R.
Published: August 2018

The serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor is a key regulator of serotonergic activity and is implicated in mood and emotion. However, its post-transcriptional regulation has never been studied in humans. In the present study, we show that the “intronless” human 5-HT1A gene (HTR1A) is alternatively spliced in its 3′-UTR, yielding two novel splice variants. These variants lack a ∼1.6 kb intron, which contains an microRNA-135 (miR135) target site. Unlike the humanHTR1A, the mouseHTR1Alacks the splice donor/accepter sites. Thus, in the mouseHTR1A, splicing was not detected. The two spliced mRNAs are extremely stable, are resistant to miR135-induced downregulation, and have greater translational output than the unspliced variant. Moreover, alternativeHTR1ARNA splicing is oppositely regulated by the splice factors PTBP1 and nSR100, which inhibit or enhance its splicing, respectively. In postmortem human brain tissue from both sexes,HTR1AmRNA splicing was prevalent and region-specific. UnsplicedHTR1Awas expressed more strongly in the hippocampus and midbrain versus the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and correlated with reduced levels of nSR100. Importantly,HTR1ARNA splicing and nSR100 levels were reduced in the PFC of individuals with major depression compared with controls. Our unexpected findings uncover a novel mechanism to regulateHTR1Agene expression through alternative splicing of microRNA sites. Altered levels of splice factors could contribute to changes in regional and depression-related gene expression through alternative splicing.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlternative splicing, which is prevalent in brain tissue, increases gene diversity. The serotonin-1A receptor gene (HTR1A) is a regulator of serotonin, which is implicated in mood and emotion. Here we show that humanHTR1ARNA is alternately spliced. Splicing removes a microRNA site to generate ultrastable RNA and increaseHTR1Aexpression. This splicing varies in different brain regions and is reduced in major depression. We also identify specific splice factors forHTR1ARNA, showing they are also reduced in depression. Thus, we describe a novel mechanism to regulate gene expression through splicing. Altered levels of splice factors could contribute to depression by changing gene expression.
A Patient’s Legal Protection as a Victim of Sexual Harassment on Medical Services in Indonesia
Authors: Elvandari Siska , Chan Mey Lin
Published: August 2018

Abstract. A medical service’s effort, the real profession is living call for dedicating self on humanity based on 3 (three) standard which must be obedient, including job’s standard, service’s standard, and standard operational procedure (SOP). These three standards are wishes become characteristic of medical workers and other profession to do a special medical action. The special can be seen by the correction given by law which a permission to do medical step for human body. Furthermore, it is proper while attending profession’s duty to respect and always respect of patient’s right based on glorious value, mind and glory. Yet, in practice many abusement are often found in order to taking care of quality  of profession and to straighten up the quality of staff, such as: an abusement received by patient on their recovery time after surgery, due to losing an awareness of patient after given by medical procedure, likes any sexual harassment by medical force environment, so that’s why it is necessary to have an effort of a legal protection to the patient as a victim on a criminal law of sexual harassment.Keywords: Legal protection, Sexual Harassment, Medical ServiceAbstrak: Dalam upaya pemberian pelayanan kesehatan, hakikat profesi merupakan panggilan hidup yang mengabdikan diri pada kemanusiaan yang didasarkan pada 3 (tiga) standard yang harus dipenuhi, meliputi Standard Profesi, Standard Pelayanan,  dan  Standard Operational Procedure (SOP). Ketiga standard inilah yang diharapkan menjadi ciri khusus dari tenaga kesehatan dan profesi lainnya untuk melakukan suatu tindakan medis tertentu yang mempunyai karakteristik yang khas. Dimana kekhasannya terlihat dari adanya suatu pembenaran yang diberikan oleh hukum yakni diperkenankannya melakukan tindakan medis tertentu terhadap tubuh manusia. Selain itu, sudah selayaknya dalam melaksanakan tugas profesi harus  menghormati selalu menghormati hak-hak pasien yang didasari nilai-nilai luhur, keluruhan budi dan kemuliaan demi kepentingan pasien. Namun, dalam prakteknya justru sering terjadi berbagai penyalahgunaan dalam upaya  memelihara mutu profesi serta menertibkan mutu para anggotanya, seperti; penyimpangan yang diterima oleh pasien dalam masa pemulihan pasca dilakukannya tindakan medis, dikarenakan hilangnya kesadaran pasien setelah dilakukan tindakan medis, seperti  terjadinya pelecehan seksual yang dilakukan kalangan profesi kesehatan, sehingga diperlukan suatu upaya perlindungan hukum terhadap pasien sebagai korban dalam tindak pidana pelecehan seksualKata Kunci:  Perlindungan Hukum, Pelecehan Seksual, Pelayanan Kesehatan