bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USO DE LUZ LED E TERAPIAS FOTOBIOMODULADORAS NO CONTROLE DE ACNE GRAVE E ROSÁCEA
Authors: Fraga Nathalia de Castro , Viana Maria Elisa Latini , Rocha Gabriela Almeida , Rocha Giovanni Rodrigues Moraes , Matos Rômulo Vasconcellos Ribeiro
Published: February 2025

Introdução: A acne grave e a rosácea são condições dermatológicas inflamatórias crônicas, com impactos significativos na qualidade de vida. Terapias convencionais, como antibióticos e retinóides, frequentemente apresentam efeitos colaterais ou resistência, impulsionando a busca por alternativas. Nesse contexto, o uso de luz LED e terapias fotobiomoduladoras ganhou destaque, fundamentado em mecanismos como modulação da resposta inflamatória, redução da atividade das glândulas sebáceas e ação bactericida. Estudos recentes destacaram o potencial dessas tecnologias em regular processos celulares, como a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio e a expressão de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, oferecendo uma abordagem não invasiva e complementar. Apesar do crescente interesse, lacunas persistem quanto à padronização de protocolos e eficácia comparativa entre diferentes comprimentos de onda. Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática de literatura teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia clínica e a segurança do uso de luz LED e terapias fotobiomoduladoras no controle de acne grave e rosácea, além de identificar parâmetros otimizados de aplicação e possíveis sinergias com tratamentos convencionais. Metodologia: A revisão seguiu o checklist PRISMA, utilizando as bases PubMed, Scielo e Web of Science. Os descritores foram: "LED therapy", "photobiomodulation", "acne vulgaris", "rosacea" e "low-level light therapy". Foram incluídos estudos clínicos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, em humanos, com texto completo disponível em inglês, português ou espanhol. Critérios de exclusão abrangeram estudos em animais, revisões narrativas e artigos sem dados quantitativos. A triagem resultou em 28 artigos elegíveis, analisados quanto a desfechos clínicos, protocolos e segurança. Resultados: Os estudos evidenciaram que a luz azul (415 nm) e vermelha (630 nm) reduziram lesões inflamatórias em até 70% em casos de acne, enquanto a luz âmbar (590 nm) mostrou eficácia na atenuação de eritema em rosácea. Protocolos combinando LED com fotossensibilizadores ou terapias tópicas ampliaram resultados. A fotobiomodulação em comprimentos de onda próximos ao infravermelho (850 nm) demonstrou efeitos anti-inflamatórios profundos, com mínimo risco térmico. Contudo, heterogeneidade metodológica limitou comparações diretas, e a maioria dos trabalhos careceu de acompanhamento de longo prazo. Conclusão: A luz LED e as terapias fotobiomoduladoras emergiram como estratégias promissoras, seguras e adjuvantes no manejo de acne grave e rosácea, com mecanismos de ação complementares aos tratamentos tradicionais. A otimização de parâmetros como dose, duração e combinação de comprimentos de onda requer investigação adicional para padronização clínica. A integração dessas tecnologias à prática dermatológica pode reduzir a dependência de fármacos, minimizando efeitos adversos e melhorando a adesão terapêutica.
Model analysis of biases in the satellite-diagnosed aerosol effect on the cloud liquid water path
Authors: Kokkola Harri , Tonttila Juha , Calderón Silvia M. , Romakkaniemi Sami , Lipponen Antti , Peräkorpi Aapo , Mielonen Tero , Gryspeerdt Edward , Virtanen Timo Henrik , Kolmonen Pekka , Arola Antti
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The response in cloud water content to changes in cloud condensation nuclei remains one of the major uncertainties in determining how aerosols can perturb cloud properties. In this study, we used an ensemble of large eddy simulations of marine stratocumulus clouds to investigate the correlation between cloud liquid water path (LWP) and the amount of cloud condensation nuclei. We compare this correlation directly from the model to the correlation derived using equations which are used to retrieve liquid water path from satellite observations. Our comparison shows that spatial variability in cloud properties and instrumental noise in satellite retrievals of cloud optical depth and cloud effective radii results in bias in the satellite-derived liquid water path. In-depth investigation of high-resolution model data shows that in large part of a cloud, the assumption of adiabaticity does not hold, which results in a similar bias in the LWP–CDNC (cloud droplet number concentration) relationship as seen in satellite data. In addition, our analysis shows a significant positive bias of between 18 % and 40 % in satellite-derived cloud droplet number concentration. However, for the individual ensemble members, the correlation between the cloud condensation nuclei and the mean of the liquid water path was very similar between the methods. This suggests that if cloud cases are carefully chosen for similar meteorological conditions and it is ensured that cloud condensation nuclei concentrations are well-defined, changes in liquid water can be confidently determined using satellite data.
Biomass burning emission analysis based on MODIS aerosol optical depth and AeroCom multi-model simulations: implications for model constraints and emission inventories
Authors: Petrenko Mariya , Kahn Ralph , Chin Mian , Bauer Susanne E. , Bergman Tommi , Bian Huisheng , Curci Gabriele , Johnson Ben , Kaiser Johannes W. , Kipling Zak , Kokkola Harri , Liu Xiaohong , Mezuman Keren , Mielonen Tero , Myhre Gunnar , Pan Xiaohua , Protonotariou Anna , Remy Samuel , Skeie Ragnhild Bieltvedt , Stier Philip , Takemura Toshihiko , Tsigaridis Kostas , Wang Hailong , Watson-Parris Duncan , Zhang Kai
Published: February 2025

Abstract. We assessed the biomass burning (BB) smoke aerosol optical depth (AOD) simulations of 11 global models that participated in the AeroCom phase III BB emission experiment. By comparing multi-model simulations and satellite observations in the vicinity of fires over 13 regions globally, we (1) assess model-simulated BB AOD performance as an indication of smoke source–strength, (2) identify regions where the common emission dataset used by the models might underestimate or overestimate smoke sources, and (3) assess model diversity and identify underlying causes as much as possible. Using satellite-derived AOD snapshots to constrain source strength works best where BB smoke from active sources dominates background non-BB aerosol, such as in boreal forest regions and over South America and southern hemispheric Africa. The comparison is inconclusive where the total AOD is low, as in many agricultural burning areas, and where the background is high, such as parts of India and China. Many inter-model BB AOD differences can be traced to differences in values for the mass ratio of organic aerosol to organic carbon, the BB aerosol mass extinction efficiency, and the aerosol loss rate from each model. The results point to a need for increased numbers of available BB cases for study in some regions and especially to a need for more extensive regional-to-global-scale measurements of aerosol loss rates and of detailed particle microphysical and optical properties; this would both better constrain models and help distinguish BB from other aerosol types in satellite retrievals. More generally, there is the need for additional efforts at constraining aerosol source strength and other model attributes with multi-platform observations.
Measurement Report: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated (RPAHs), nitrated (NPAHs) and oxygenated (OPAHs) derivatives in the global marine atmosphere: occurrence, spatial variations, and source apportionment
Authors: Li Rui , Shen Yubing , Shao Yumeng , Gao Yining , Yao Ziwei , Liu Qian , Liu Xing , Shi Guitao
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives have severe adverse impacts on organism health and ecosystem safety. However, their global distributions, sources, and fate in marine aerosols remain poorly understood. To fill the knowledge gap, high-volume air samples were collected along a transect from China to Antarctica and analyzed for particulate PAHs and derivatives. The highest PAH concentrations in marine aerosols were observed in the Western Pacific (WP: 447±228 pg/m³), followed by the East China Sea (ECS: 195 pg/m³), Antarctic Ocean (AO: 111±91 pg/m³), East Australian Sea (EAS: 104±88 pg/m³), and the lowest in the Bismarck Sea (BS: 17±12 pg/m³). Unexpectedly, PAH concentrations in the AO were even higher than those in the EAS and BS. This could be attributed to the relatively low anthropogenic PAH emissions from Australia and Papua New Guinea, whereas AO is often affected by emissions from engine combustion and biomass burning. In contrast to the distribution of PAHs, OPAH levels in the EAS were much higher than those in the AO. It was assumed that OPAHs mainly originated from the secondary formation of parent PAHs through reactions with O3 and OH radicals, both of which are more prevalent in EAS. Several source apportionment models suggested that PAHs and their derivatives in marine aerosols are dominated by three sources: coal burning and engine combustion emissions (56 %), wood and biomass burning (30 %), and secondary formation (14 %). Specifically, marine aerosols in ECS and WP were significantly affected by coal burning and engine combustion, while those in BS and EAS were mainly influenced by wildfire and coal combustion. AO was primarily dominated by biomass burning and local shipping emissions.
An efficient hybrid downscaling framework to estimate high-resolution river hydrodynamics
Authors: Tan Zeli , Xu Donghui , Taraphdar Sourav , Ma Jiangqin , Bisht Gautam , Leung L. Ruby
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Flow depth and velocity are the most important hydrodynamic variables that govern various river functions, including water resources, navigation, sediment transport, and biogeochemical cycling. Existing high-resolution flow depth simulations rely on either computationally expensive river hydrodynamic models (RHMs) or data-driven models with formidable training costs, whereas data-driven modeling of flow velocity has rarely been explored. Here, using the hybrid Low-fidelity, Spatial analysis, and Gaussian Process learning (LSG) model, we developed a downscaling approach to accurately construct high-resolution flow depth and velocity from a two-dimensional (2-D) RHM simulation at coarse resolution. The LSG models were trained and tested in an urban watershed in Houston using two different hurricane-driven flood events. The results showed that through downscaling, the simulation errors were reduced to less than one-fourth and one-third of the errors of the low-resolution 2-D RHM for flow depth and velocity, respectively. Our analysis further revealed that the dominant uncertainty sources of the downscaled hydrodynamics are different, with flow velocity dominated by the dimensionality reduction error, which we reduced by using a regionalized training procedure. The downscaling approach achieves an 84-fold acceleration in computational time compared to the high-resolution 2-D RHM, making high-fidelity ensemble flood modeling feasible. More importantly, the developed method provides an opportunity to couple large-scale hydrodynamical processes with local physical, chemical, and biological processes in river models.
Emulating grid-based forest carbon dynamics using machine learning: an LPJ-GUESS v4.1.1 application
Authors: Natel Carolina , Belda David Martin , Anthoni Peter , Haß Neele , Rabin Sam , Arneth Almut
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The assessment of forest-based climate change mitigation strategies relies on computationally intensive scenario analyses, particularly when dynamic vegetation models are coupled with socio-economic models in multi-model frameworks. In this study, we developed surrogate models for the LPJ-GUESS dynamic global vegetation model to accelerate the prediction of carbon stocks and fluxes, enabling quicker scenario optimization within a multi-model coupling framework. We trained two machine learning methods: random forest and neural network. We assessed and compared the emulators using performance metrics and Shapley-based explanations. Our emulation approach accurately captured global and biome-specific forest carbon dynamics, closely replicating the outputs of LPJ-GUESS for both historical (1850–2014) and future (2015–2100) periods under various climate scenarios. Among the two trained emulators, the neural network extrapolated better at the end of the century for carbon stocks and fluxes, and provided more physically consistent predictions, as verified by Shapley values. Overall, the emulators reduced the simulation execution time by 97 %, bridging the gap between complex process-based models and the need for scalable and fast simulations. This offers a valuable tool for scenario analysis in the context of climate change mitigation, forest management, and policy development.
Prior heterogeneous ice nucleation events increase likelihood of homogeneous freezing during the evolution of synoptic cirrus
Authors: Juurikkala Kasper , Williamson Christina J. , Froyd Karl D. , Dean-Day Jonathan , Laaksonen Ari
Published: February 2025

Abstract. In-situ observations are currently used to classify synoptic cirrus as formed by homogeneous or heterogeneous ice nucleation based on ice residual analysis. We use large-eddy model UCLALES-SALSA to show the limitations of this method by demonstrating that prior heterogeneous ice nucleation events can shape the thermodynamic conditions for homogeneous freezing to occur more likely in the subsequent nucleation events. In a case study of synoptic cirrus from NASA’s Midlatitude Airborne Cirrus Properties Experiment (MACPEX), observations suggest homogeneous freezing as the dominant nucleation mechanism. Simulations done with UCLALES-SALSA show that homogeneous freezing occurred after earlier heterogeneous ice nucleation events, with mineral dust acting as the ice-nucleating particles (INPs). Heterogeneous ice nucleation depleted INPs from cirrus forming altitudes, creating favourable conditions for homogeneous freezing at the time of observations. This study modelled cirrus cloud properties based on measured conditions and compared simulated results with observed cloud structures. It is shown that modelling the impact of prior nucleation events on the vertical distribution of mineral dust and humidity in the model is necessary to reproduce the observed cloud characteristics. Heterogeneous ice nucleation primarily had a role in removal of ice-nucleation active mineral dust from cloud-forming altitudes well before arriving at the measurement location, while having limited role in forming ice crystals shortly before the time of measurements. Model results also show that small-scale wave activity strongly influenced ice nucleation efficiency and overall cloud properties. While large-scale atmospheric dynamics typically dominate synoptic cirrus formation, they alone were insufficient to replicate the observed cloud characteristics.
Evaluation of remote sensing algorithms for estimating actual evapotranspiration in arid agricultural environments
Authors: Ratshiedana Phathutshedzo Eugene , Elbasit Mohamed Abd Mohamed , Adam Elhadi , Chirima George Johannes
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Accurate estimation of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) at both field and larger spatial scales is crucial for understanding crop water use and hydrological interactions particularly in arid regions facing water scarcity. In South Africa, ETa data gaps hinder effective agricultural water management. Advances in geospatial techniques combining Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing have made it possible to estimate ETa over large areas. However, the reliability of this depends on the accuracy of algorithms used which must be validated against ground measurements. With the lack of direct ETa measurements in South Africa, this has been a challenging task. This study evaluated ETa variability at farm level to the level of an irrigation Scheme, covering over 36,000 hectares. A total of 22 Landsat 8 satellite images from 2019 to 2021 were used to estimate ETa based on four algorithms: the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS), Vegetation Index (VI)-based ETa and Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI)-based ETa. Field-scale estimates were compared to measurements from a smart field weighing lysimeter, while larger-scale estimates were validated against extrapolated ETa values. The SEBAL, SEBS and VI-based ETa algorithms correlated well with field-scale lysimeter data, while the CWSI-based algorithm showed poor correlation. SEBAL emerged as the best-performing algorithm, with high correlation coefficients (r=0.91–0.96), strong R² values (0.83–0.92) and the lowest errors (RMSE 0.31–0.89 mm d⁻¹, MAE 0.27–0.82 mm d⁻¹). Findings from this study forms a foundation of improved water management strategies to reduce the overuse of water in agriculture.
Achieving water budget closure through physical hydrological process modelling: insights from a large-sample study
Authors: Zheng Xudong , Liu Dengfeng , Huang Shengzhi , Wang Hao , Meng Xianmeng
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Modern hydrology is embracing a data-intensive new era, with information from diverse sources currently providing support for hydrological inferences at broader scales. This results in a plethora of data-reliability-related challenges that remain unsolved. The water budget non-closure is a widely reported phenomenon in hydrological and atmospheric systems. Many existing methods aim to enforce water budget closure constraints through data fusion and bias correction approaches, often neglecting the physical interconnections between water budget components. To solve this problem, this study proposes a Multisource Dataset Correction Framework grounded in Physical Hydrological Process Modelling to enhance water budget closure, termed the PHPM-MDCF. The concept of decomposing the total water budget residuals into inconsistency and omission residuals is embedded in this framework to account for different residual sources. We examined the efficiency of the PHPM-MDCF and the distribution of residuals across 475 contiguous United States (CONUS) basins selected by hydrological simulation reliability. The results indicate that the inconsistency residuals dominate the total water budget residuals, exhibiting highly consistent spatiotemporal patterns. This portion of residuals can be significantly reduced through PHPM-MDCF correction and achieved satisfactory efficiency. The total water budget residuals decreased by 49 %, on average, across all basins, with reductions exceeding 80 % in certain basins. The credibility of the correction framework was further verified through noise experiments and comparisons with existing methods. In the end, we explored the potential factors influencing the distribution of residuals and found notable scale effects, along with the key role of hydro-meteorological conditions. This emphasizes the importance of carefully evaluating the water balance assumption when employing multisource datasets for hydrological inference in small and humid basins.
Saberes e práticas contraceptivas de mulheres em idade reprodutiva e o acesso ao serviço público
Authors: Mourão Cardoso Rayane Franklin , Teles Lobato Ana Flávia , Pereira Caldas Samantha , Vieira Pereira Peixoto Ivonete , Caldas Valois Rubenilson , Dias Pena Costa Paula Valéria , Ferreira Ribeiro Weslley Matheus , Leite Dias Bruna Rafaela
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Analisar os saberes, práticas e o acesso de mulheres em idade reprodutiva aos métodos contraceptivos no sistema público de saúde. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 20 mulheres de 18 a 49 anos atendidas em um Centro de Saúde de Belém, localizado no estado do Pará, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulários contendo perguntas estruturadas sobre métodos contraceptivos, acesso, indicações e conhecimento sobre o tema. A análise de conteúdo seguiu o método de Bardin, complementada pelo uso do software IRaMuTeQ para tratamento dos dados obtidos. Resultados: Identificou-se que as mulheres possuem conhecimentos e praticam métodos contraceptivos, embora se perceba a necessidade de ampliar a disseminação de informações sobre o tema. Também foi constatada a necessidade de melhorar o acesso aos serviços de saúde relacionados. O papel do enfermeiro no planejamento reprodutivo foi pouco mencionado pelas participantes. Conclusão: Os resultados indicaram saberes e práticas satisfatórios entre as mulheres em relação aos métodos contraceptivos. Entretanto, é fundamental oferecer mais informações nos serviços públicos e melhorar a qualidade do acesso. É essencial que os enfermeiros assumam um papel de destaque na assistência reprodutiva, assegurando o reconhecimento de suas atribuições no uso e manejo de métodos contraceptivos.
Analisis Manajemen Resiko Pengoperasian Pesawat Tanpa Awak (PUTA) dengan Metode HIRARC
Authors: Rionaldo Lubis Marsel , Wibowo Untung Lestari Nur , Suherman Suherman
Published: February 2025

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana mengidentifikasi potensi bahaya, penilaian risiko serta upaya pengendaliannya pada pengoperasian Pesawat Tanpa Awak (PUTA) dengan menggunakan metode HIRARC. Identifikasi risiko berkaitan dengan mengidentifikasi bahaya, kemudian analisis resiko memperkirakan tingkat keparahan kemungkinan bahaya yang timbul dari bahaya tersebut, rencana pengendalian resiko difokuskan kepada proses mitigasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada lingkup area Kampus Akademi Penerbang Indonesia Banyuwangi dan Bandara Blimbingsari Banyuwangi. Identifikasi resiko terdiri dari Prosedur Ruang Terbuka, Prosedur Prohibited Area, Prosedur Training Area, Prosedur KKOP Bandar Udara, Prosedur IFP (IAP,SID/STAR), VFR Route dan ATS Route, Prosedur Heliport/Helipad, Prosedur Obvitnas, Prosedur Koordinasi,Komunikasi dan Emergency, Fasilitas dan Sosialisai. Evaluasi resiko pada penelitian ini terdiri dari Intolerable Region, Tolerable Region dan Acceptable Region. Implikasi pada penelitian ini yaitu melakuakan koordinasi antar unit terkait pengoperasian PUTA, meningkatkan fungsi pengawasan dan melakukan publikasi Notice to Airman (NOTAM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahawa Area Operasi PUTA berada di Left Down Wind RWY 26 dan ketinggian operasi PUTA pada 10 meter.
The State of poultry industry in Belarus at the present stage
Authors: Kapitonova E. A. , Glaskovich M. A. , Kochish I. I. , Karpenko L. Yu. , Vlasenko E. V. , Molchun M. S.
Published: February 2025

According to analysts, due to increased consumer demand, from the beginning of the 21st century, poultry production will increase many times by 2030. The planned regulated economy of Belarus, strict adherence to technological norms and rules, uninterrupted supply of poultry with complete feed and high personal responsibility of labor collectives have made it possible to achieve high levels of egg and poultry meat production. The share of the meat market in Belarus is 39.0% owned by poultry products, which have displaced such industries as pig breeding, horse breeding and sheep breeding. With a relatively low number of farm birds of 49.9 million birds, it became possible to achieve the following high results. Meat production per capita in 2023 was 139 kg, with consumption of 101 kg, i.e. an additional 27.3% of meat was produced. At the same time, of the indicated volume, 54.5 kg is poultry meat. The annual overproduction of meat at the level of 20-30% allows us to have additional profits from its sale in markets near and far abroad. A similar situation is developing in egg poultry farming. Over the past year, the production of edible eggs per capita in Belarus amounted to 375 pieces, but their consumption does not exceed 272 pieces. Additional produced products in the amount of 27.5% were sold, first of all, to the market of the Russian Federation, and then to China and other countries. The selection of countries for poultry exports was primarily based on statistical information on per capita production levels. Thus, timely analysis of statistical information makes it possible to regulate investments and predict the profitability of the production of eggs and poultry meat and, if necessary, promptly provide producers with new sales markets without allowing excessive overproduction of livestock (poultry) products.
Microplastics in freshwater reservoirs of protected areas on the example of lakes of the «Valdai» National Park
Authors: Kaurova Z. G. , Sycheva U. R.
Published: February 2025

The article deals with the problem of pollution of freshwater reservoirs by micro- and macroplastics arising during the decomposition of plastic waste. Special attention is paid to the appearance of microplastics in lakes of specially protected areas, in particular, in lakes of the Valdai National Park. As a result of reconnaissance studies, microplastic particles were found in lakes used for fisheries and recreational purposes. There is no contamination by polymer microparticles in the lakes of the protected area.

Research conducted at the St. Petersburg State University of Marine Sciences shows that microplastic particles are found in most fish food packages, this amount is not large, but over the period of existence of the fishery site, a significant amount of plastic particles accumulates in the water and bottom sediments, which is a source of secondary pollution of the reservoir. As a result of reconnaissance studies, microplastic particles were found in lakes used for fishery and recreational purposes. Only lakes Bolshoe and Maloe Yaichko are free of microplastics, which is due to their protection regime and inaccessibility.
Peculiarities of the manifestation of the visual state of Clarias gariepinus in the early periods of ontogenesis
Authors: Mkrtchyan M. E. , Grinyuk E. S.
Published: February 2025

Clary catfish are distinguished by their unique biology and specific development, as they are able to move on land and breathe atmospheric air for a long time. Living in water and on land can affect the microstructure of the eye structure, since it is known that the organs of vision of animals in different habitats have their own specifics.

Due to the poorly studied organs of vision in Clarias gariepinus, we set out to use different dyes to study the microstructure of the eye in the early periods of ontogenesis and determine the most effective methods of histological staining.

The object of the study was the fry of the marbled catfish at the age of 14 days. The material for making histological sections was the organs of vision of Clarias gariepinus. Staining was carried out in two ways: with Gill hematoxylin and eosin alcohol solution, and we also tried out Mallory's staining.

The results of our research have confirmed the data of other authors that the process of formation of all layers of the organ of vision occurs at the stage of pre-larvae. Already on the second day, active eye mobility and the reaction of the visual apparatus to light were recorded in experimental fish. The cornea of the eyes is flat, which is typical for aquaculture facilities. The microstructure of the eye is represented by clearly distinguishable layers on the 14th day after hatching. On the longitudinal section of the micropreparation, when stained with hematoxylin Gill and 1% alcohol solution of eosin, the actual vascular membrane of the retina of the eye, consisting of loose fibrous connective tissue, is visible. The outer layer of the retina is represented by rods and cones, which contain bipolar neurons, as well as a photosensitive pigment, which is clearly distinguished when stained with hematoxylin by Mallory.
Results of endoscopic examination of the respiratory system in dogs
Authors: Dyachenko I. A. , Kovalev S. P.
Published: February 2025

The article describes the technique of performing an endoscopic examination of the respiratory system in 24 patients. Indications for the study were any deviations from normal breathing, the presence of cough or spontaneous reverse sneezing, parenchymal diseases (alveolar, interstitial), noisy or labored breathing in brachycephalic breeds, as well as for assessing dynamic disturbances in the caliber of the respiratory tract in patients with clinical signs indicating this (cough like "goose cackle"). All patients belonged to different age groups and did not contact each other. The patient was positioned ventrally on the table, the table had a longitudinal slope from the endoscopist, i.e. the patient's head was slightly higher than the back of the body. The position of the examined animals "on the stomach" was used, which is considered generally accepted, in order to avoid any possible gravitational effects on the respiratory system. During the examination, the tracheal bifurcation was assessed for pathological changes (expansion, compression, mucosal infiltration, collapse, etc.), and then all lobar bronchi and as many segmental and subsegmental bronchi as possible were assessed (the latter, accessible for examination, vary depending on the diameter of the bronchoscope used and the patient's size). The picture in healthy dogs was V-shaped, with no signs of compression of the main bronchi or bronchial collapse. In the presence of inflammatory processes, these structures acquired a U-shape, usually accompanied by deterioration in the visibility of the vessels of the submucosal layer. The information content of the data obtained during bronchoscopy, in comparison with other methods of diagnosing respiratory diseases, can be considered one of the most preferable and justified methods, over other diagnostic methods.
Comparative characteristics of diseases of the bone and joint system of horses in typical equestrian sports (show jumping, dressage, endurance)
Authors: Stekolnikov A. A. , Guseva V. A. , Ladanova M. A.
Published: February 2025

As a rule, much attention is paid to injuries of the tendon-ligament apparatus of horses used in various types of equestrian sports. And often diagnostics of injuries of the musculoskeletal system is carried out. However, absolutely undeservedly, in the diagnosis of injuries of the musculoskeletal system little attention is paid to ultrasound. As a rule, to obtain the most complete information about the state of the musculoskeletal system, it is necessary to combine these 2 research methods. Ultrasound makes sense to carry out both in the diagnosis of diseases of the tendon-ligament apparatus and in the diagnosis of joint diseases, because it is important to remember that the joint consists not only of articular surfaces, but also of a capsule with synovial membranes, joint cavity, joint ligaments - all these structures require a comprehensive assessment. Earlier, we found that horses training in equestrian distance endurance on hilly terrain have predominantly periosteal reactions at the attachment points of the joint ligaments. We then decided to conduct a study of musculoskeletal injuries in comparison in different types of equestrian sports. In our opinion, endurance riding is of the greatest interest, since this type of equestrian sport in the North-West region is younger than show jumping and dressage. As a result of the studies, it was concluded that diseases of the musculoskeletal system differ in different disciplines, and there are also similarities.
New Amperometric Glucose Biosensors Based On Nafion Nanofibers
Authors: Ghannouchi Sawssen , Özer Elif Merve , Çamurlu Pınar
Published: February 2025

In this study, we present new amperometric glucose biosensorsbased on Nafion nanofibers. Nafion possesses a number of desirable properties, including stability, thermal, mechanical, physio-chemical and biocompatibility, which make it a competitive polymer for use in glucose biosensors. Nafion nanofibers were produced using a low-cost electrospinning method, and their morphology was characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biosensors were fabricated by loading glucose oxidase (GOx) and GOx-AuNPs (10 nm) on the Nafion-Cellulose Acetate nanofibers(Nafion-CA Nfs) (461.53 ± 30.34 nm) on the surface of a platinum electrode, followed by cross-linking using glutaraldehyde. The biosensors operating at 0.6 V demonstrated lower LODs with wider linear ranges, enhanced stability, elevated sensitivity, and improved selectivity. For Pt/Nafion-CA NFs/GOx biosensor demonstrated remarkable sensitivity, with values of 68.67 μA.mM-1cm-² and 18.38 μA.mM-1.cm-², respectively, and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.36 μM. Meanwhile, the Pt/Nafion-CA NFs/ GOx-AuNPsbiosensor achieved sensitivities of 55.56 μA.mM-1.cm² and 28.49 μA/mM·cm², respectively. It also exhibited a broad linear range of up to 12.81 mM and an LOD of 10.8 μM, with no observable interference effects. The present studies highlight the potential of Nafion nanofibersas a suitable matrix for immobilizingGOx and GOx-AuNPs, thereby demonstrating their viability as interference-free, easy-to-use sensors with good sensitivity, LOD and stability for commercialization.
Role of Family-Centered Dental Health Initiatives in Reducing the Incidence of Childhood Cavities
Authors: Abdulghani Jar Alabbas , Alshahrni Maram Saad , AL-Ghoraibi Muwffak Ghazi , Alqahtani Hussam Muneer , Almohaisen Talal Abdullah , Alzenidi Rayan Fareed , Alkhaldi Ahmed Salman
Published: February 2025

Pediatric dental caries remains a widespread public health challenge with significant long-term implications for children's oral and overall health. Family-centered approaches have emerged as an effective strategy for addressing these challenges by emphasizing caregiver involvement, preventive education, and integrated care. Evidence demonstrates that involving families in oral health promotion fosters sustained behavioral changes, reducing the incidence and recurrence of childhood caries. Educational programs that target caregivers' awareness and practices have been pivotal in promoting oral hygiene and dietary modifications. These interventions not only mitigate risk factors but also establish foundational habits that endure into adulthood. Integrating oral health education within broader family health practices, including prenatal care and pediatric visits, ensures a holistic approach to prevention. School-based initiatives further reinforce these habits, fostering community engagement and enhancing adherence to preventive measures. The role of technology in amplifying the reach and impact of family-centered care is significant. Telehealth platforms and mobile applications provide accessible solutions for remote consultations, follow-ups, and continuous caregiver education. These innovations have proven particularly effective in underserved areas, reducing disparities in oral health outcomes. Long-term studies highlight the enduring benefits of these approaches, including lower caries prevalence, reduced treatment costs, and improved quality of life. By addressing systemic barriers, family-centered models bridge gaps in accessibility, making preventive care equitable and sustainable. These strategies align with public health goals to reduce pediatric dental disparities and integrate oral health into comprehensive family care. Through targeted education, collaborative care models, and technological advancements, family-centered initiatives demonstrate a powerful capacity to transform pediatric oral health outcomes and create lasting intergenerational benefits.
Influence of Electronic Customer Relationship Management Strategy on Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya
Authors: S. C. Rotich, , J. Komen, , J. Cheboi,
Published: February 2025

Despite the high cost of electronic customer relationship software solutions, its use can be justified as an investment in building long-term client relationships, improving customer retention, and, ultimately, boosting long-term profitability. As a result, it is critical for small- and medium-sized firms (SMEs) in Kenya to take a forward-thinking attitude and maintain their market survival by adapting to developing trends in customer relationship management. This is because the modern business setting has become exceedingly dynamic, necessitating small and medium enterprises to formulate strategies that align with the rapid evolution of technology, shifting customer demands, and intensified global competition to improve their performance. The findings indicate SMEs in Kenya are increasingly implementing relatively uncomplicated information and communication technologies to enhance their capabilities in customer communication and information management. This strategic move is aimed at gaining a competitive edge by leveraging electronic customer relationship management practices. Small- and medium-sized enterprises perceive the communication component of electronic customer relationship management as more manageable, yet encounter challenges in effectively incorporating client information into their decision-making processes. Overall, it can be observed that electronic customer relationship management implementation in SMEs is often characterized by an ad hoc approach rather than a strategic one. SMEs need to align electronic customer relationship initiatives with the overall strategic goals to enhance their overall performance.
On almost Kenmotsu manifolds admitting conformal Ricci-Yamabe solitons
Authors: Singh Jay Prakash , Zosangzuala C.
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to characterize almost Kenmotsu Manifolds admitting conformal Ricci-Yamabe solitons. First, we studied $(\kappa,\mu)'$ and generalized $(\kappa,\mu)'-$ almost Kenmotsu manifolds which admits conformal Ricci-Yamabe soliton. We have shown that a $(\kappa,\mu)'$ almost Kenmotsu manifold $M^{2n+1}$ admitting a conformal Ricci-Yamabe soliton is locally isometric to $\mathbb{H}^{n+1}(-4)\times\mathbb{R}^n$ provided $2\lambda-\beta\tau\neq4\alpha n\kappa-\left(p+\frac{2}{2n+1}\right)$. Also, we give conditions for the conformal pressure when the soliton is expanding, steady or shrinking. It is shown that if the manifold admits a conformal gradient Ricci-Yamabe soliton, then the potential vector field is a strict infinitesimal contact transformation. Finally, we construct an example of a $3-$dimensional almost Kenmotsu manifold satisfying conformal Ricci-Yamabe soliton.
Primal topological spaces
Authors: Acharjee Santanu , Ozkoc Murad , Issaka Faical Yacine
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new structure called primal. Primal is the dual structure of grill. Like ideal, the dual of filter, this new structure also generates a new topology named primal topology. We introduce a new operator using primal, which satisfies Kuratowski closure axioms. Mainly, we prove that primal topology is finer than the topology of a primal topological space. Also, we provide the structure of the base of primal topology and prove other fundamental results related to this new structure. Furthermore, we not only discuss some of this new structure’s properties but also enrich it with many examples.
Guru Sebagai Agen Perubahan: Peran Guru dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan
Authors: Elmumtazah Devi Harisah
Published: February 2025

This study aims to describe the role of teachers as agents of change in improving the quality of education at SD Negeri 244 Palembang. Through a qualitative approach with a case study method, this study involved 15 teachers as participants. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that teachers have a very important role in improving the quality of education through various activities, such as innovation in learning, self-development, and collaboration with other parties. However, there are several obstacles faced by teachers in carrying out their role as agents of change. This study concludes that teachers have a very important role as agents of change in improving the quality of education. To support the role of teachers as agents of change, various efforts are needed, such as: Continuous professional development, providing opportunities for teachers to participate in relevant training and professional development. Support from the school, providing adequate support for teachers in carrying out their duties, such as providing complete facilities and creating a conducive work environment. Collaboration with various parties, building cooperation with parents, communities, and the government to create synergy in improving the quality of education. This study has implications for teacher professional development and education policy.
Transformasi Pembelajaran dengan Teknologi Digital
Authors: Juniarti Aristia , Sulastika Rika
Published: February 2025

This research aims to explore and analyze the transformation of learning through digital technology based on a comprehensive literature review. The main focus of this study is to identify the impacts, challenges, and opportunities presented by the use of digital technology in education, especially in the context of distance and hybrid learning. The method used is a literature review that includes scientific articles, journals, and relevant research reports from 2021 to 2024. The analysis was carried out by categorizing the research results into main themes such as pedagogical innovation, technological adaptation, and changes in the roles of educators and students. The results show that the application of digital technology has changed the way learning is carried out, from flexibility of time and place, to increased student participation and collaboration. However, there are significant challenges in terms of infrastructure readiness, digital competence, and speed. The novelty of this research lies in a holistic approach that combines various perspectives on learning transformation from different disciplines, while offering a roadmap for the development of more effective technology-based learning policies and practices. The contribution of this research provides in-depth insights for decision-makers, educators, and researchers to understand how digital technology can be optimally utilized in the learning process. In addition, this study contributes to the development of technology-based educational theories and provides strategic recommendations to increase the effectiveness and inclusivity of learning in the digital era.
Peran SD Negeri 15 Banyuasin III dalam Meningkatkan Pendidikan Karakter Siswa
Authors: Sariwani Desi
Published: February 2025

Character education is an essential aspect of student development in elementary schools. This study aims to analyze the role of SDN 15 Banyuasin III in enhancing students' character education. The research employs a qualitative method with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The findings indicate that SDN 15 Banyuasin III has implemented various effective character education programs, such as extracurricular activities and moral value training. Furthermore, the active participation of teachers and parents significantly contributes to the success of these programs. However, challenges in implementation, such as resource limitations and a lack of understanding of character education, were identified. This study recommends enhancing collaboration between the school and the community to optimize character education at SDN 15 Banyuasin III.
Preparation and Evaluation Herbal Facewash Gel
Authors: S. Nirmala , N. Deepa , K. Lokeshwaran , S. Inbarasan , P. Arulselvam , A. Mukeshkrishna
Published: February 2025

Herbal cosmetics stand out as the epitome of safety and effectiveness in skincare. Among the plethora of facial care products, the cleanser holds a pivotal role. It acts as a gentle yet potent agent, diligently removing makeup residues, dead skin cells, excess oil, dirt, and environmental pollutants from the delicate skin of the face. Particularly during puberty, when internal constituents and hormonal imbalances often wreak havoc on the skin, a multitude of dermatological issues can arise. Among these, acne reigns as the most prevalent, with the face and neck bearing the brunt of its effects. In combating such skin maladies, preventive measures are paramount. Chief among these is the removal of excess oil, which necessitates thorough cleansing and washing. Herein lies the efficacy of herbal-based formulations. Through meticulous research, the efficacy of herbal ingredients such as Fenugreek, Liquorice, Tulsi, and Neem extracts, renowned for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties, has been well-documented. Harnessing this knowledge, the present study embarked on the formulation of a face wash gel, aiming to synergize the benefits of these botanical extracts. The preparation underwent rigorous evaluation against various quality control parameters, including spreadability, pH balance, and grittiness, among others. The results of these evaluations yielded promising outcomes, indicating the prepared gel's suitability for effective skincare. In essence, this endeavor underscores the potency of herbal cosmetics, marrying traditional wisdom with contemporary scientific validation to deliver safe, efficacious skincare solutions.
A Comprehensive Review on Comparison and Evaluation of
Herbal Lip Balm
Authors: Madhiri Ramya , Vyza Mounika , Musaapeta Shobha Rani , Miriyala Rishita , Pyata Vandana , Kumar Reddy Pedda Sanjanna Karthik
Published: February 2025

Lip balms are a widely utilized category of beauty commodities crafted principally to hydrate, safeguard, and enrich the visual allure of the lips. This exhaustive examination offers a deep dive into lip emollients, encapsulating their constitution, traits, utilizations, merits, demerits, prevalent lip ailments, and pivotal constituents. Comprising a fusion of natural and artificial components, lip emollients typically encompass fundamental components such as oils (e.g., palm kernel oil, apricot oil) and waxes (e.g., candelilla wax, soy wax). These constituents form a protective shield on the lips, sealing in moisture and preventing desiccation and fissuring. Additional elements such as cocoa butter, tocopherol, and wool wax alcohol contribute to their moisturizing and nourishing attributes. Lip balm offers an array of advantages beyond hydration, including solar protection via the inclusion of SPF agents, as well as relief from the discomfort associated with arid and fissured lips. Furthermore, they serve as a convenient solution for augmenting lip aesthetics by providing a gleaming or velvety finish and often come in assorted shades and aromas to accommodate individual preferences. Despite their advantages, lip emollients may present disadvantages such as reliance, where frequent use can lead to decreased innate lip moisturization, as well as potential hypersensitive reactions to specific constituents. Moreover, improper formulation or application of lip emollients may exacerbate preexisting lip conditions or induce new ones. Grasping the common lip afflictions that lip emollients can help prevent or alleviate, such as angular cheilitis and solar-induced harm, is crucial for enlightened consumer decision-making. Furthermore, familiarity with the ingredients employed in lip emollient formulations enables consumers to make choices that resonate with their inclinations and potential sensitivities. In conclusion, lip balm continues to reign as a favored choice for sustaining lip health and enhancing appearance owing to their simplicity, versatility, and effectiveness. By scrutinizing their composition, applications, and associated considerations, consumers and cosmetic manufacturers can make informed decisions concerning their utilization and production.