bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Descrição e comparação morfológica da espécie de Echinometra lucunter em diferentes áreas na praia de Enseada dos Corais
Authors: Malinconico Nicole , Marques Ana Karina Caetano dos Santos , Farias Pablo Cantalice Santos , Silva Andressa Vieira da , Silva Ulremberg Barbosa Teodoro da , Barbosa Elissa Correa Pinto Alves , Anjos Fálba Bernadete Ramos dos
Published: March 2014

Os ouriços-do-mar são animais de hábito séssil que vivem em recifes, são herbívoros se alimentando de algas. Estes animais são caracterizados por uma carapaça calcária dotada de espinhos que lhes confere uma forma ovoide. São predados por vários animais que habitam o ambiente marinho e também os que não habitam. Na classe Echinoidea ocorre a gonocoria entre machos e fêmeas em igual proporção, sendo os gametas liberados no ambiente em que vivem. O objetivo central do trabalho foi a comparação morfológica dos ouriços em diferentes regiões e inferir, a partir das informações obtidas e do arranjo morfológico dos ouriços as interferências sofridas na população e suas visíveis consequências. Foram realizadas coletas na praia de Enseada dos Corais, no litoral sul de Pernambuco: a primeira (lat.: -8,32° e long.: 34,96°) num ponto próximo à costa e a segunda (lat.:-8,34° e long.:- 34,95°), num ponto próximo ao mar aberto. Para tanto uma área pré-selecionada, e os quadrantes (0,25m²) foram usados para demarcar a área de coleta a temperatura variava entre 32 a 35,6 ºC. Foi identificado que a população de ouriços-do-mar variava entre os quadrantes, numa área sendo aproximada de 4.375m2. Além disso foi evidenciado a presença de algas, de predadores (siris, aves e peixes recifais), bem como, organismos do grupo Anthozoa. As gônadas tinham coloração alaranjadas, com espinhos finos e quebradiços. Para aqueles ouriços que estavam próximo ao mar aberto, estes tinham espinhos maiores e mais resistentes. A morfologia deles foram diferentes: carapaça irregular, espinhos quebradiços, principalmente quando se comparava as populações da áreas mais próximos do mar aberto dos ouriços e aqueles encontrados na região próxima as piscinas naturais, talvez em consequência dos eventos ambientais, da alimentação, do clima, que possivelmente promoveu interação ecológica interespecífica, e ainda a atividade raspadora no substrato no qual eles estavam inseridos para se abrigar. A densidade de indivíduos e as características anatômicas como peso e tamanho também foram discrepantes comparando as duas regiões devido às características de onde estavam instalados. O ambiente parece interferir no comportamento do Echinometra lucunter e com isto talvez interferindo na sua fisiologia animal e contribuindo na bioerosão e número populacional.
Avaliação da ação da macroalga marinha Ulva lactuca em animais de experimentação
Authors: Moura Carla Andrea de , Silva Evandro Valentim da , Jimenez George Chaves , Anjos Fálba Bernadete Ramos dos , Bezerra Ana Maria de França , Souza Ivone Antônia de
Published: March 2014

Ulva lactuca é uma macroalga verde marinha comum em ambientes de temperatura elevada e com grandes variações de salinidade. A flora ficológica marinha vem sendo objeto de estudo por apresentar propriedades farmacoterapêuticas sobre o metabolismo animal, além de oferecer uma alternativa viável no tratamento de patologias que acometem o ser humano e afeta a sua qualidade de vida, ela é bastante utilizada na culinária, como iogurte, sushi. Objetivando avaliar a toxicidade aguda da Ulva lactuca foram utilizados camundongos albinos Swiss (Mus musculus), durante os estudos foi evidenciado que a alga tem efeitos estimulante do sistema nervoso central e periférico, e que em doses elevadas como 2000 a 3750 mg/kg/ip podem causar alterações na morfologia dos órgão comprometendo seu funcionamento,já que foram observado na analise macroscópica dos órgãos que os vasos do trato gastrointestinal estavam dilatados, os rins hipertrofiados,o fígado isquêmico , pulmões hemorrágicos,e a bexiga cheia.
Tratamento de resíduos que contenham mercúrio
Authors: Bezerra Jardeson Joaquim , Melo Alison Mendes Silva de , Silva Evandro Valentim da
Published: March 2014

O mercúrio é um composto metálico em forma líquida na temperatura ambiente, com uma expansão volumétrica presente em ampla faixa de temperatura, com alta tensão superficial e não adere a superfícies vítreas. Estas características levam a aplicação deste material em aparelhos de medição de pressão e temperatura, Também tem uma facilidade de formação de amálgamas com aplicação na metalurgia, odontologia, processos extrativos outros metais. Porém este produto tem uma grande toxicidade que pode prejudicar a saúde do homem e o meio ambiente. Existem vários meios de contaminação do meio ambiente pelo mercúrio. Um dos principais meios é a contaminação com os resíduos de amálgamas, advindos de consultórios odontológicos, descartados como lixo comum ou pelos ralos do sugador do consultório. O tratamento clássico para pequenas quantidades de mercúrio elementar envolve a aspiração com capilar conectado a uma bomba para coleta das gotas, a adição de polissulfato de cálcio ou enxofre em excesso para passivação do mercúrio e, em seguida, recuperação ou disposição final. A disposição pode ser feita em aterro apropriado ou, preferencialmente, através do encapsulamento (cimentação ou vitrificação). A maioria dos processos de tratamento de resíduos de compostos contendo mercúrio baseia-se na simples transferência de fase deste metal, para que se possa proceder a disposição final, o que ratifica a importância de alternativas que visem o reuso e reciclo. Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar métodos de tratamento dos resíduos que contenham mercúrio para a diminuição de sua toxicidade ao homem e ao meio ambiente.
Importance of interface engineering for synthesis of SrHfO3 perovskite thin films on Si substrates through crystallization of amorphous films and control of flat-band voltages of metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors
Authors: Migita Shinji , Morita Yukinori , Masahara Meishoku , Ota Hiroyuki
Published: March 2014

We studied the crystallization behavior of perovskite SrHfO3 films on Si substrates, which are a candidate for a new gate dielectric film of MOSFETs. It is found that the diffusion of Sr atoms into the Si substrate changes the chemical composition of the film and disturbs the formation of perovskite-type crystals. To overcome this situation, SiN film is demonstrated to be an effective barrier layer. Perovskite-type SrHfO3 crystals are obtained by annealing at higher than 800 °C. The interfacial silicate layer induces a negative flat-band voltage (V
FB) shift in MOS capacitors. The importance of a terminating layer for the control of V
FB is discussed by comparing with epitaxial perovskite-type crystals.
Organic ferroelectric gate field-effect transistor memory using high-mobility rubrene thin film
Authors: Kanashima Takeshi , Katsura Yuu , Okuyama Masanori
Published: March 2014

An organic ferroelectric gate field-effect transistor (FET) memory has been fabricated using an organic semiconductor of rubrene thin film with a high mobility and a gate insulating layer of poly(vinylidene fluoride–tetrafluoroethylene) [P(VDF–TeFE)] thin film. A rubrene thin-film sheet was grown by physical vapor transport (PVT), and placed onto a spin-coated P(VDF–TeFE) thin-film layer, and Au source and drain electrodes were formed on this rubrene thin film. A hysteresis loop of the drain current–gate voltage (I
D–V
G) characteristic has been clearly observed in the ferroelectric gate FET, and is caused by the ferroelectricity. The maximum drain current is 1.5 × 10−6 A, which is about two orders of magnitude larger than that of the P(VDF–TeFE) gate FET using a pentacene thin film. Moreover, the mobility of this organic ferroelectric gate FET using rubrene thin film is 0.71 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is 35 times larger than that of the FET with pentacene thin film.
Effects of various surface treatments on gate leakage, subthreshold slope, and current collapse in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors
Authors: Lee Neung-Hee , Lee Minseong , Choi Woojin , Kim Donghwan , Jeon Namcheol , Choi Seonhong , Seo Kwang-Seok
Published: March 2014

The reduction in the gate leakage current and the improvement in subthreshold characteristics and current collapse in AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with various surface treatments were investigated. We applied wet treatment, digital etching (O2 or N2O), or plasma treatment (CF4 or SF6) before SiN
x
passivation. Among these treatments, SF6 plasma treatment suppressed gate leakage current, reduced subthreshold slope, and improved pulsed current–voltage (I–V) characteristics most effectively.
Epitaxial growth and characterization of n-type magnetic semiconductor (In,Co)As
Authors: Tu Nguyen Thanh , Anh Le Duc , Hai Pham Nam , Tanaka Masaaki
Published: March 2014

A new n-type magnetic semiconductor (In1−

x
,Co
x
)As (x = 3–18%) has been successfully grown by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy (LT-MBE) on GaAs(001) substrates. Reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns during the MBE growth and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicate that (In,Co)As layers have zinc-blende crystal structure with a small fraction of embedded CoAs nanoclusters. The electron concentration of the (In,Co)As layers can be changed in the range of 1.9 × 1018–2.4 × 1019 cm−3 by changing the Co concentration. The metal–insulator transition (MIT) is observed at x = 5%. Large negative magnetoresistance (up to −17.5% at 0.95 T) is observed at low temperature and can be attributed to spin-disorder scattering in the (In,Co)As matrix.
Gyrotron
Authors: Ives R. Lawrence
Published: March 2014

Gyrotrons

Gyrotrons are among the highest power RF sources at millimeter wave frequencies. Commercially available gyrotrons can produce more than 1.5 MW of CW power between 100 and 170 GHz. These sources are primarily used for heating fusion plasmas in tokamaks. Higher frequency gyrotron are finding applications in enhance nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. While gyrotrons are oscillators, the interaction mechanism is also used in high frequency, high power amplifiers, such gyroklystrons, gyro‐TWTs, gyro‐BWOs, and gyro‐twystrons. An important amplifier application is high resolution radar. This article describes the basic theory of gyro‐devices, including the historical development, applications, and future development.
Variability and trends in anticyclonic circulation over the Greenland ice sheet, 1948–2013
Authors: Rajewicz Jill , Marshall Shawn J.
Published: March 2014

Melting and mass loss on the Greenland ice sheet have accelerated in recent years. Possible causes include broader Arctic warming, reduced snow/ice cover, lowered ice sheet albedo, and changes in atmospheric circulation. Anticyclonic ridging over Greenland leads to southerly advection of warm air and clear‐sky conditions, promoting high melt rates. To examine the relative importance of ridging, we examine direct measures of summer 500 hPa anticyclonic circulation strength and frequency in Greenland from 1948 to 2013, isolating the atmospheric circulation signal from 500 hPa geopotential height variations. Anticyclonic circulation anomalies account for 38–49% of the interannual variability and trend in summer air temperature and melt indices. Vorticity‐detrended geopotential height anomalies explain an additional 13–27% of the variance. We identify an abrupt, persistent shift to strong anticyclonic circulation in central Greenland beginning in 2001, which has contributed to recent increases in Greenland ice sheet melt.
Paint: Interpretation
Authors: Massonnet Geneviève , Gueissaz Line , Muehlethaler Cyril
Published: March 2014

This article concerns the interpretation of paint evidence, both automotive and household. Paint interpretation is based on the likelihood ratio (LR) approach, sometimes termedthe logical approach. TheLRputs in concurrence at least two alternative propositions, which can be at source, activity, or offense level. A detailed description of the principal factors considered in the evaluation of paints is presented based on a review of the relevant literature. Frequencies are necessary at all levels and it is essential to consider the occurrence of the different characteristics measured for each paint type. Transfer factors (including persistence and recovery), as well as background studies, are important for the evaluation at the activity and offense level.
High‐Throughput Screening for Novel Anti‐Infectives Using a C. elegans Pathogenesis Model
Authors: Conery Annie L. , Larkins‐Ford Jonah , Ausubel Frederick M. , Kirienko Natalia V.
Published: March 2014

In recent history, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has provided a compelling platform for the discovery of novel antimicrobial drugs. In this protocol, we present an automated, high‐throughput C. elegans pathogenesis assay, which can be used to screen for anti‐infective compounds that prevent nematodes from dying due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. New antibiotics identified from such screens would be promising candidates for treatment of human infections, and also can be used as probe compounds to identify novel targets in microbial pathogenesis or host immunity. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 6:25‐37. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Electrofuels
Authors: Benton Brooke H. M. , Coyler April C. , Hickman Deborah L. , Moore Nicholas W. , Lee Richardson T. , Saxon David T. , Yoder Jeremy L. , Kaufman George K.
Published: March 2014

Electrofuels are high‐energy compounds produced by the electrochemical reduction of compounds such as carbon dioxide or water. Microorganisms can act as biocatalysts for these reactions, during which they accept electrons either directly or indirectly from electrodes in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs). These microbes store this electrical energy by producing extracellular compounds instead of biomass. The electricity that drives this process may be harvested from intermittent renewable sources such as solar or wind. Thus, electrosynthesis could simultaneously sequesterCO2and store renewable energy sources in designer chemicals, materials, or in convenient, high‐energy‐dense fuels for use in our transportation and electrical grid sectors. Butanol appears to be an ideal electrofuel target because it is considered a “drop‐in” fuel that can be used in our current energy infrastructure. Several challenges still face the production of electrofuels. The stability, structure, and conductivity of materials used as electrodes, the efficiency of electron transfer between these electrodes and microbes, and the diffusion of substrates (e.g.,CO2) into and products (e.g., butanol) out of the microbes all need to be optimized for efficient microbial electrosynthesis. A complete life‐cycle assessment of the environmental impact of any electrofuel also needs to be conducted before its widespread use.
Mechanochemistry
Authors: Desilets Elliot R. , Patel Priyanka D. , Kaufman George K.
Published: March 2014

Mechanochemistry is the use of mechanical forces to induce chemical changes in materials. In this article, we focus on the use of mechanophores—functional groups that react or that can be activated by mechanical force—as force sensors and as latent catalysts or cross‐linking complexes for self‐healing materials. We also examine the ability of single‐molecule force‐clamp spectroscopy, which is based on atomic force microscopy, to provide details about the kinetics of reactions that can, in turn, lead to clearer understanding of the potential energy landscape of reactions and to sub‐ångström‐scale detail about the geometry of mechanochemical reactions. Mechanical force can reduce the activation energy barrier for thermochemical reactions or can alter the shape of the potential energy surface for chemical reactions, differently from heat or light alone, so that otherwise forbidden or slow processes may occur under mild conditions. Thus, mechanochemistry is a tool for chemical synthesis that can complement thermochemical, photochemical, and electrochemical synthetic routes.
Copper Protein Variants: “Type Zero” Sites
Authors: Lancaster Kyle M.
Published: March 2014

This article summarizes studies of the electron transfer reactivity, molecular structure, and electronic structure of the artificial “type zero” biological copper‐binding site. Type zero Cu represents a unique case of an efficient, high potential Cu‐based electron transfer site composed entirely of “hard” N and O‐donor ligands. Detailed investigations reveal that both the reactivity and the electronic structure of type zero Cu are defined by constraints imposed by outer‐sphere coordination on the geometry of an inner‐sphere carboxylate ligand. Combined, the various studies of type zero Cu showcase the profound ability of the protein matrix to tune the physical properties of transition metal ions.
Derivative‐free optimization for expensive constrained problems using a novel expected improvement objective function
Authors: Boukouvala Fani , Ierapetritou Marianthi G.
Published: March 2014

In this work, an algorithm for the optimization of costly constrained systems is introduced. The proposed method combines advantages of global‐ and local‐search algorithms with new concepts of feasibility space mapping, within a framework that aims to find global solutions with minimum sampling. A global search is initially performed, during which kriging surrogate models of the objective and the feasible region are developed. A novel search criterion for locating feasibility boundaries is introduced, which does not require any assumptions regarding the convexity and nonlinearity of the feasible space. Finally, local search is performed starting from multiple locations identified by clustering of previously obtained samples. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated through both benchmark examples and a case study from the pharmaceutical industry. A comparison of the method with commercially available software reveals that the proposed method has a competitive performance in terms of sampling requirements and quality of solution. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2462–2474, 2014
Genetic polymorphisms in oxidative stress‐related genes are associated with outcomes following treatment for aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Gustafson Heather L. , Yao Song , Goldman Bryan H. , Lee Kristy , Spier Catherine M. , LeBlanc Michael L. , Rimsza Lisa M. , Cerhan James R. , Habermann Thomas M. , Link Brian K. , Maurer Matthew J. , Slager Susan L. , Persky Daniel O. , Miller Thomas P. , Fisher Richard I. , Ambrosone Christine B. , Briehl Margaret M.
Published: March 2014

Variable survival outcomes are seen following treatment for aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). This study examined whether outcomes for aggressive B‐cell NHL are associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in oxidative stress‐related genes, which can alter drug metabolism and immune responses. Genotypes for 53 SNPs in 29 genes were determined for 337 patients given anthracycline‐based therapies. Their associations with progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Cox proportional hazard regression; associations with hematologic toxicity were estimated by logistic regression. To validate the findings, the top three SNPs were tested in an independent cohort of 572 DLBCL patients. The top SNPs associated with PFS in the discovery cohort were the rare homozygotes for MPO rs2243828 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14–3.06, P = 0.013), AKR1C3 rs10508293 (HR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.28–3.41, P = 0.0032) and NCF4 rs1883112 (HR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.43–1.02, P = 0.06). The association of the NCF4 SNP with PFS was replicated in the validation dataset (HR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.44–1.01, P = 0.05) and the meta‐analysis was significant (HR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.49–0.89, P < 0.01). The association of the MPO SNP was attenuated in the validation dataset, while the meta‐analysis remained significant (HR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.12–2.41). These two SNPs showed similar trends with OS in the meta‐analysis (for NCF4, HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.51–1.02, P = 0.07 and for MPO, HR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.36–3.12, P < 0.01). In addition, patients with the rare homozygote of the NCF4 SNP had an increased risk of hematologic toxicity. We concluded that genetic variations in NCF4 may contribute to treatment outcomes for patients with aggressive NHL. Am. J. Hematol. 89:639–645, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Water‐soluble and polymerizable thioxanthone photoinitiator containing imidazole
Authors: Qiu Jun , Wei Jun
Published: March 2014

A novel free radical photoinitiator, 3‐allyl‐1‐[2‐hydroxy‐3‐(thioxanthen‐9‐one‐2‐yl)oxypropyl]imidazolium chloride ([AIPTX]Cl), is synthesized by the addition reaction of 2‐(2,3‐epoxy)propoxylthioxanthone (ETX) with a heterocyclic compound imidazole firstly, and the achieved intermediate 1‐[2‐hydroxy‐3‐(thioxanthen‐9‐one‐2‐yl)oxypropyl]imidazole (IPTX) is then reacted with allyl chloride. IPTX is chosen to evaluate the photoefficiency of [AIPTX]Cl. FTIR and 1H‐NMR confirm the structures of [AIPTX]Cl and IPTX. UV‐Vis spectra of the two photoinitiators are similar and both exhibit the maximal absorption about 400 nm. Fluorescence spectra show [AIPTX]Cl/IMZ has slightly higher fluorescence intensity than IPTX system. Photopolymerization studies indicate that [AIPTX]Cl/IMZ is more efficient for the polymerization of water‐soluble monomer than IPTX. Moreover, due to its advantages of water solubility and polymerizability, [AIPTX]Cl is an environmental‐friendly photoinitiator and has potential for application in UV‐curing systems. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40659.
Ad Meskens, Practical Mathematics in a Commercial Metropolis: Mathematical Life in Late 16th Century Antwerp, (Archimedes New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology; 31)
Authors: Braun Sandra
Published: March 2014

Dordrecht usw.: Springer 2013. XV, 258 S., € 107,09. ISBN 978‐94‐007‐5720‐2.
Lösung für das Knappheitsproblem oder nationales Risiko? Auf Erdölsuche in der Schweiz
Authors: Haller Lea , Gisler Monika
Published: March 2014

Remedy for Shortage or Risk for National Security? The Search for Oil in Switzerland. Over several decades, geologists, entrepreneurs, politicians, and public authorities dealt with a potential petroleum occurrence in Switzerland. They provided scientific expertise, granted concessions, invested capital and sank bore holes. Although the endeavour was never successful economically, it reveals how closely related geopolitical situations and the exploitation of natural resources were. This article investigates the search for crude oil in Switzerland from the 1930s until the 1960s, combining a history of science and technology perspective with a history of the political regulations and economic considerations concerning the extractive industry. It traces the changing fears and hopes about potential oil occurrences in Switzerland: From an investment to overcome future shortages, to the risk of imperial desires if oil would be found in abundance.
Roger Hahn, Correspondance de Pierre Simon Laplace (1749–1827), 2 Bde., (De Diversis Artibus; 90)
Authors: Henrich Jörn
Published: March 2014

Turnhout: Brepols 2013. XVIII, 1416 S., € 120,00. ISBN 978‐2‐503‐54129‐7.
Karin Reich, Elena Roussanova, Carl Friedrich Gauß und Russland. Sein Briefwechsel mit in Russland wirkenden Wissenschaftlern. Unter Mitwirkung von Werner Lehfeldt, (Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Neue Folge; 16)
Authors: Schmuck Thomas
Published: March 2014

Berlin usw.: De Gruyter 2012. xxiii, 905 S., geb., € 149,95. ISBN 978‐3‐11‐025307‐8.
Hydrolysis of pullulan by entrapped pullulanase in Ca/alginate beads
Authors: Gasmi Sarah Nawel , Rihouey Christophe , Picton Luc , Le Cerf Didier
Published: March 2014

Pullulanase from Klebsiella pneumoniae was entrapped into calcium alginate beads. Its activity was estimated by the determination of number–average molar masses using two different methods: a colorimetric assay of reducing ends (REs) and a size‐exclusion chromatography/multiangle light scattering/differential refractive index. The second method also provided weight–average molar masses of hydrolyzed pullulan and the quantity of maltotriose (DP3) and its multiples (DP6 and DP9) produced by the enzymatic treatment. The alginate beads showed a good retention of the loaded pullulanase (30%), and the system showed a downturn of hydrolysis kinetics in comparison with free pullulanase due to the limiting access of substrate–enzyme. On the contrary with the results obtained from free enzyme hydrolysis, for which a large distribution of pullulan fragments is observed during the treatment, the immobilized enzyme system has evidenced, during the enzymatic treatment, the coexistence of native or only slightly degraded pullulan chains together with maltotriose units. Complete hydrolysis of pullulan chains was achieved once diffused into the gel. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 938–944, 2014.
How does green suit me? Consumers mentally match perceived product attributes with their domain‐specific motives when making green purchase decisions
Authors: Hahnel Ulf J.J. , Gölz Sebastian , Spada Hans
Published: March 2014

Nowadays, environment‐friendly products are widely accepted by society. However, market share of sustainable technologies demanding higher investments or behavioral changes is rather small, indicating that consumers seem to generally approve of sustainable products, but rarely perceive them as being compatible with their needs. The present research introduces a model emphasizing the importance of consumers perceiving the product as being suitable to match their motives relevant to the product domain. In investigating a sample of 531 car drivers, the hypothesized model was tested in the realm of a highly relevant sustainable product: electric vehicles (EVs). Findings based on structural equation modeling showed that participants' perceived matching with EV attributes was related to their domain‐specific motives (hedonic, freedom, ecological, and financial motives) and a global preference towards the product. Specific to sustainable products, ecological motives strongly influenced participants' matching processes by positively affecting perceived matching with all product attributes. Participants' purchase intentions, in turn, were strongly affected by their perceived matching of the product with their motives. The added value of the model with respect to self‐image theories and implications for sustainable product marketing are examined through discussion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ru–η6‐Arene Cations [{(Ph2PC6H4)2B(η6‐Ph)}RuX]+ (X=Cl, H) as Lewis Acids
Authors: Boone Michael P. , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: March 2014

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Doug Stephan at the University of Toronto. The image depicts the sites of reaction for Lewis bases at the Lewis acidic site of the η6‐arene ring and the adjacent boron atom of the cationic complexes [{(Ph2PC6H4)2B(η6‐Ph)}RuX]+. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201304289.
ChemInform Abstract: Key Role of Bismuth in the Magnetoelastic Transitions of Ba3BiIr2O9 and Ba3BiRu2O9 as Revealed by Chemical Doping.
Authors: Ling Chris D. , et al. et al.
Published: March 2014

Polycrystalline samples of Ba3La1‐xCexRu2O9, Ba3Ce1‐xBixRu2O9, Ba3La1‐xBixRu2O9, and Ba3La1‐xBixIr2O9 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are prepared by stoichiometric solid state reaction of BaCO3, La2O3, Bi2O3, CeO2, and Ru and Ir metal in air.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Titanium‐Based O3‐Type NaTi0.5Ni0.5O2 as a Cathode Material for Sodium Ion Batteries.
Authors: Yu Haijun , Guo Shaohua , Zhu Yanbei , Ishida Masayoshi , Zhou Haoshen
Published: March 2014

O3‐type NaTi0.5Ni0.5O2 (rhombohedral, space group R$\bar 3$m) with small NiO impurities is prepared by solid state reaction of Ni(OAc)2·4H2O, TiO2, and Na2CO3 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Gold‐Catalyzed Domino Process for the Construction of Tetracyclic Ketoethers.
Authors: Gross Tobias , Metz Peter
Published: March 2014

The oxidative domino cyclization/cycloaddition of enyne aldehydes and ketones (I) as well as related substrates (III) afford tetracyclic ketoethers (II) and heteroaromatic analogues (IV) by using pyridine N‐oxides as external oxidants.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for Opening N‐Tosylaziridines with Silylated Nucleophiles by Using Polystyrene‐Supported 1,5,7‐Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene as a Reusable Organocatalyst.
Authors: Matsukawa Satoru , Tsukamoto Kumiko , Yasuda Shiori , Harada Takeru
Published: March 2014

The title catalyst promotes the ring opening of N‐tosylaziridines with trimethylsilyl cyanide (II), trimethylsilyl halides, and trimethylsilyl azide.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Reduction of Amides to Amines by Boronic Acid Catalyzed Hydrosilylation.
Authors: Li Yuehui , Molina de La Torre Jesus A. , Grabow Kathleen , Bentrup Ursula , Junge Kathrin , Zhou Shaolin , Brueckner Angelika , Beller Matthias
Published: March 2014

A general method for the hydrogenative deoxygenation of tertiary, secondary, and primary amides into the corresponding amines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: The Development of the Catalytic Wittig Reaction. Part 1.
Authors: O'Brien Christopher J. , et al. et al.
Published: March 2014

A metal‐free catalytic Wittig olefination process is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of γ‐Nitro Ketones via Detrifluoroacetylative Michael Addition of 1‐Trifluoromethyl‐1,3‐diketones to Conjugated Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Barkov Alexey Yu. , Korotaev Vladislav Yu. , Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya.
Published: March 2014

Chlorinated analogues of (I) and (IV) yield only a mixture of starting material and unidentified products.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Access to Homoallylic Alcohols via Pd(OAc)2 Catalyzed Barbier Type Allylation in Presence of DMAP.
Authors: Kashyap Bishwapran , Phukan Prodeep
Published: March 2014

The Pd‐catalyzed allylation of both aldehydes and ketones by using allyl bromide in the presence of SnCl2·2H2O as reducing agent is significantly promoted by catalytic amounts of DMAP.
ChemInform Abstract: Osmium (VI) Catalyzed Chemoselective Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols.
Authors: Devari Shekaraiah , Deshidi Ramesh , Kumar Manjeet , Kumar Arvind , Sharma Simmi , Rizvi Masood , Kushwaha Manoj , Gupta Ajai Prakash , Shah Bhahwal Ali
Published: March 2014

The novel method is advantageous with regards to chemoselectivity, short reaction times, and tolerance towards a variety of substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Terminal Alkynes with Thiols for the Construction of Alkynyl Sulfides.
Authors: Yang Yong , Dong Weibing , Guo Yisong , Rioux Robert M.
Published: March 2014

The simple, straightforward, and atom‐economical procedure is applicable to a wide range of alkynes and thiols and is compatible with a variety of functionalized groups on both educts.
ChemInform Abstract: C4‐Selective Oxidative Coupling of Thiophenes with Arylboron Compounds: Influence of Solvent Acidity and Boron Substitution.
Authors: Schnapperelle Ingo , Bach Thorsten
Published: March 2014

A regioselectivity <97:3 is observed in all examples.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Induced Trifluoromethylation of N‐Aryl Acrylamides: A Convenient and Effective Method to Synthesize CF3‐Containing Oxindoles Bearing a Quaternary Carbon Center.
Authors: Xu Pan , Xie Jin , Xue Qicai , Pan Changduo , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian
Published: March 2014

The described method represents the first visible light induced tandem trifluoromethylation/arylation of electron‐withdrawing alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: New Orally Effective 3‐(2‐Nitro)phenylpropanamide Analgesic Derivatives: Synthesis and Antinociceptive Evaluation.
Authors: Since Marc , Freret Thomas , Nee Gerald , Terme Thierry , Vanelle Patrice , Boulouard Michel
Published: March 2014

A variety of 3‐(2‐nitro)phenylpropanamide derivatives (III) (20 examples) are synthesized and screened for their peripheral analgesic activities on acetic acid‐induced writhing in mice.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Nitrones Derived from Amino Acids. Asymmetric Synthesis of N‐(Alkoxycarbonylmethyl)‐3‐hydroxypyrrolidin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Merino Pedro , Greco Graziella , Tejero Tomas , Hurtado‐Guerrero Ramon , Matute Rosa , Chiacchio Ugo , Corsaro Antonino , Pistara Venerando , Romeo Roberto
Published: March 2014

The diastereoselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of achiral nitrones (I) with chiral acrylamide (II) is compared with the corresponding cycloadditions of chiral nitrones (V) with methyl acrylate.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Tertiary Amine Thiourea‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels—Alder Reaction of Chromone Heterodienes Using 3‐Vinylindoles as Dienophiles.
Authors: Mao Zhijie , Lin Aijun , Shi Yan , Mao Haibin , Li Weipeng , Chen Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian
Published: March 2014

The title reaction allows a new and efficient access to chiral flavanoids and related compounds which are biologically interesting molecules.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Arylation of Coumarins: An Unexpected Switch in Regioselectivity.
Authors: Jafarpour Farnaz , Hazrati Hamideh , Mohasselyazdi Nazanin , Khoobi Mehdi , Shafiee Abbas
Published: March 2014

The Pd‐catalyzed dehydrogenative arylation of coumarins (I) with simple unactivated arenes (II) proceeds regioselectively to afford a variety of 3‐arylcoumarins such as (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Multicomponent Cascade Reaction for the Synthesis of Novel Chromenopyranpyrazole Scaffolds.
Authors: Bakthadoss Manickam , Kannan Damodharan , Selvakumar Raman
Published: March 2014

The catalyst and solvent‐free three‐component reaction of nitrile (I) with methyl acetoacetate and phenyl hydrazine leads to new chromenopyranopyrazoles with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Polyhalobenzonitrile Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one Derivatives (III).
Authors: Shi Li‐Ping , Jiang Kun‐Ming , Jiang Jun‐Jie , Jin Yi , Tao Yun‐Hai , Li Ke , Wang Xing‐Hong , Lin Jun
Published: March 2014

Compound (IIIe) is found to show significant activity towards Gram‐positive bacteria, Gram‐negative bacteria and one fungi strain, C.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Two Different Ylides: Facile Access to Chiral 1,2,4‐Triazinane Frameworks.
Authors: Tong Min‐Chao , Chen Xuan , Tao Hai‐Yan , Wang Chun‐Jiang
Published: March 2014

This is the first cross‐1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition between pyrazolinium ylides and azomethine ylides to give highly substituted 1,2,4‐triazinanes in high yields and with excellent enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Phosphonylation: Synthesis of C3‐, C4‐, and C5‐Phosphonylated Pyrazoles.
Authors: Tran Gael , Gomez Pardo Domingo , Tsuchiya Tomoki , Hillebrand Stefan , Vors Jean‐Pierre , Cossy Janine
Published: March 2014

A general method is developed for the cross‐coupling of halogenated pyrazoles with H‐phosphonates, H‐phosphinates, and secondary phosphine oxides to produce a wide range of phosphonylated pyrazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Promoted Selenofunctionalization of Alkenes.
Authors: Conner Elizabeth S. , Crocker Katherine E. , Fernando Ranelka G. , Fronczek Frank R. , Stanley George G. , Ragains Justin R.
Published: March 2014

The novel convenient method for the seleno‐ and tellurofunctionalization of alkenes is based on the visible‐light‐promoted in situ generation of chalcogen electrophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Cytotoxicity, Inhibition of Cell Cycle Progression, and Induction of Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells by Sesquiterpenoids from Inula lineariifolia Turcz.
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Dong , et al. et al.
Published: March 2014

Four new sesquiterpenoid dimers (I)—(III) and five new sesquiterpenoids (IV)—(VIII) are isolated from the aerial parts of Inula lineariifolia Turcz.
ChemInform Abstract: The Application of Heck Reaction in the Synthesis of Guaianolide Sesquiterpene Lactones Derivatives Selectively Inhibiting Resistant Acute Leukemic Cells.
Authors: Ding Ya‐Hui , Fan Hong‐Xia , Long Jing , Zhang Quan , Chen Yue
Published: March 2014

A variety of the new title compounds, e.g. (IIIa), (IVb), (IVd), (Vd), and (IXa) exhibit high potency against doxorubicin‐resistant cell line HL‐60/A.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route for the Synthesis of 4‐Amino‐5‐fluoro‐7‐ (2′‐deoxy‐2′‐fluoro‐2′‐C‐methyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐1H‐pyrrolo [2,3‐d]pyrimidine.
Authors: Hu Weidong , Yang Qinghua , Wang Shuyang , Huang Gang , Zhang Yueteng , Dong Jingjing , Kang Jinfeng , Song Chuanjun , Chang Junbiao
Published: March 2014

The title compound (IV), an anti‐HCV nucleoside analogue, is prepared via a modified Vorbrueggen procedure as a key step.
ChemInform Abstract: 2H‐Pyran‐2‐one and 2H‐Furan‐2‐one Derivatives from the Plant Endophytic Fungus Pestalotiopsis fici.
Authors: Liu Shuchun , Liu Xiangyu , Guo Liangdong , Che Yongsheng , Liu Ling
Published: March 2014

Four new compounds named ficipyrones A (I) and B (II) and ficifuranones A (III) and B (IV) are isolated from the solid cultures of the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici together with three known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State NMR Concepts for the Investigation of Supported Transition Metal Catalysts and Nanoparticles
Authors: Gutmann Torsten , Gruenberg Anna , Rothermel Niels , Werner Mayke , Srour Mohamad , Abdulhussain Safaa , Tan Shulin , Xu Yeping , Breitzke Hergen , Buntkowsky Gerd
Published: March 2014

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Monodisperse Magnetic Metallic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Performance Enhancement, and Advanced Applications
Authors: Lu Li‐Ying , Yu Li‐Na , Xu Xiao‐Guang , Jiang Yong
Published: March 2014

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Additive Effects on Asymmetric Hydrogenation of N‐Heteroaromatics
Authors: Mashima Kazushi , Nagano Takuto , Iimuro Atsuhiro , Yamaji Kenta , Kita Yusuke
Published: March 2014

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Halogen/Magnesium‐Exchange Using iPrMgCl·LiCl and Related Exchange Reagents
Authors: Knochel Paul , Barl Nadja M. , Werner Veronika , Saemann Christoph
Published: March 2014

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Semipinacol Rearrangements
Authors: Wang Shao‐Hua , Li Bao‐Sheng , Tu Yong‐Qiang
Published: March 2014

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of Polysaccharides and Derivatives in Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions
Authors: Molnar Arpad , Papp Attila
Published: March 2014

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of Biomass Platform Molecules into Fuel Additives and Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels
Authors: Climent Maria J. , Corma Avelino , Iborra Sara
Published: March 2014

Review: 238 refs.
Correlation of Filtration Resistance with Microbial Polymeric Substances Extracted from Membranes in a Submerged Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Kayaalp Necati , Kinaci Cumali , Dizge Nadir , Hamidi Nizamettin
Published: March 2014

The current understanding of membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors is still insufficient. Therefore, the role of microbial polymeric substances in membrane fouling mechanisms in a submerged membrane bioreactor was systematically investigated in this study. Microbial polymeric foulants accumulated on the membrane surface and in its pores. The foulants were then extracted in three steps, without deforming the membrane structure. Moreover, filtration resistances were determined by the resistance in series model. A strong functional relationship was observed between total polymeric substances accumulated in the membrane and their fouling resistances. The greatest accumulation of polymeric substances occurred in cake layers formed on the membrane surface. Correspondingly, the greatest fouling resistance resulted from the cake layer. The results indicated that more protein accumulated on the membrane surface than carbohydrates because the proteins were stickier. Regarding the analysis of microbial polymeric substances, it was observed that the filtration with a 0.45 μm pore size filter did not capture all of the polymeric substances that took part in membrane fouling.
EEG asymmetry at 10 months of age: Are temperament trait predictors different for boys and girls?
Authors: Gartstein Maria A. , Bell Martha Ann , Calkins Susan D.
Published: March 2014

Frontal EEG asymmetry patterns represent markers of individual differences in emotion reactivity and regulation, with right hemisphere activation linked with withdrawal behaviors/emotions (e.g., fear), and activation of the left hemisphere associated with approach (e.g., joy, anger). In the present study, gender was examined as a potential moderator of links between infant temperament at 5 months, and frontal EEG asymmetry patterns recorded during an Arm Restraint procedure at 10 months of age. Positive Affectivity/Surgency (PAS), Negative Emotionality (NE), and Orienting/Regulatory Capacity (ORC) were considered as predictors, with PAS emerging as significant for males; higher levels translating into greater right‐frontal activation later in infancy. For females, ORC accounted for a significant portion of the frontal asymmetry scores, with higher ORC being associated with greater right‐frontal activation. The moderating influence of gender noted in this study is discussed in the context of implications for discrepancies in rates/symptoms of psychopathology later in childhood. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1327–1340, 2014.
Policy Learning and Central–Local Relations: A Case Study of the Pricing Policies for Wind Energy in China (from 1994 to 2009)
Authors: Ngar‐yin Mah Daphne , Hills Peter R.
Published: March 2014

This paper brings together the key concepts of policy learning and central–local relations to examine how the efficacy of sustainability policies can be improved, with a particular reference to pricing policies for wind energy in China. Based on our comparative case studies of three provinces, Guangdong, Shanghai and Xinjiang, we critically examine how central–local relations may facilitate or impede policy learning. Our analysis focuses on policy changes at the national level, including the move away from the tendering policy to a fixed‐price policy in 2009, and the diversity of local policy responses, which include a local fixed‐price policy in Guangdong, a two‐tiered model in Shanghai and a de facto fixed‐price policy in Xinjiang. We have three major key findings. First, we found that technical and conceptual forms of policy learning have taken place in China, but the progression towards the highest form of policy learning, social learning, is limited. Secondly, we found that the established fabric of central–local relations has created facilitating conditions for as well as limitations to the advancements towards social learning. A national policy framework, a multi‐level governance system, institutional arrangements for knowledge creation and learning, and a more participatory form of governance for civil society are some of the facilitating conditions. However, over‐centralization, the inertia against institutional changes and the failure to recognize the need for a more deliberative decision‐making process are identified as key barriers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Non‐Governmental Organizations as Governance Actors for Sustainable Development: The Case of Green Building Councils
Authors: Sedlacek Sabine
Published: March 2014

This article examines the role of non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) in environmental governance systems with a particular emphasis on non‐state market‐driven governance in the green building industry. Based on an extensive literature review, a conceptual framework of the function of NGOs in environmental governance is developed, focusing on five core aspects – role, power, accountability, legitimacy and acceptance – that define the position of NGOs in a governance system in relation to other stakeholders. The World Green Building Council's (WGBC's) global environmental governance movement has been identified as a dynamic market‐driven governance system. Thus, the paper explores the role of regional green building councils (RGBCs) listed in the WGBC's directory within this newly deployed governance system. The results confirm the proposition that RGBCs grow in their governance and third‐party role as they progress through the development stages proposed by the WGBC. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Outcome of Eating Disorders in a Japanese Sample: A 4‐ to 9‐year Follow‐up Study
Authors: Nakai Yoshikatsu , Nin Kazuko , Noma Shun'ichi , Hamagaki Seiji , Takagi Ryuro , Wonderlich Stephen A.
Published: March 2014

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of eating disorders (EDs) in Japan with that in Western countries.

Method

Two hundred and thirty‐three Japanese women with an ED were followed for 4 to 9 years. We identified fully recovered women (good outcome group), partially recovered women (intermediate outcome group) and women with an active ED (poor outcome group) based on physical, behavioural and psychological indices.

Results

Ninety‐seven subjects were categorized as having a good outcome, 58 as intermediate and 61 as poor, and 17 had died. There was a significant difference in outcome results among the types of ED at intake. Women with both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, at intake had the worst recovery rates.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the outcome of EDs in Japan is relatively similar to that in Western countries, irrespective of sociocultural background and health systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Experimental autotransplantation and cryopreservation of the thyroid gland
Authors: Yüce İmdat , Okuducu Hacı , Çağlı Sedat , Vural Alperen , Gündoğdu Ramazan , Abdülrezzak Ümmühan , Arlı Turan , Aydın Mesut , Güney Ercihan
Published: March 2014

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the functionality of autotransplanted thyroid tissues immediately or after cryopreservation in rabbits.

Methods

The study was completed with 12 rabbits randomized in 2 groups. Preoperative scintigraphies were performed for all subjects. The rabbits underwent total thyroidectomy. The first group underwent immediate thyroid autotransplantation. Thyroid tissues of the second group were cryopreserved and autoimplanted at the eighth postoperative week. The free triiodothyronine (fT3) and thyroxine (fT4) levels were monitored for 8 weeks. Postoperative scintigraphies were performed at the eigth week after autoimplantation.

Results

The subjects in the first group reached euthyroid levels at the eighth week while none of the second group reached that level, but all showed continuous increase. Although implanted thyroid tissues of 5 of the 6 rabbits in the first group were demonstrated during the first scintigraphy, the number was only 1 in the second group.

Conclusion

Thyroid autografts were found to be functional and thought to have a potential preventing postoperative hypothyroidism. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 940–945, 2015