bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of climatic factors on energy loss of millimeter range electromagnetic wave in passing through a precipitation layer on the mirror antenna reflector
Authors: Zvezdina M.Yu. , Shaposhnikova A.M. , Shokova Yu.A.
Published: November 2021

Problem statement. Communication systems transition to the millimeter wavelength range, as well as known theoretical studies on higher electromagnetic energy losses in precipitation in this range compared with the centimeter range have necessitated a scientific justification of an antenna protection method against climatic factors. This makes the chosen research topic relevant. Objective. Analysis of the climatic factors effect on the electromagnetic energy losses in the precipitation layer on the reflector of the millimeter wave range mirror antenna. Results. It is shown that the estimation of electromagnetic energy losses in the precipitation layer on the metal reflector of the mirror antenna should be carried out with the use of the basic statements of meteorological electromagnetism, which unites the statements of electrodynamics and statistical meteorology. Thus, to estimate the electromagnetic energy losses in the precipitation layer on the metal reflector of the millimeter wavelength reflector antenna, the model of the flat multi-layer dielectric coating on the metal screen can be used, which allows to relate the reflection factor to the layer parameters: the electrical parameters of the precipitation (value of the relative permittivity and the tangent angle of dielectric losses) and the layer thickness. Analysis of the known methods of finding the electrical parameters of meteorological precipitation showed that, firstly, it is difficult to measure the imaginary component of the relative permittivity of rain, ice, and snow in the millimeter frequency range. Secondly, there is no approved calculation methodology for the electrical parameters of snow, and the known models depend on random factors - the specific density of snow at the time of measurement and the electrical parameters of the ice and water that make up the snow and their concentrations. Third, finding the electrical characteristics of any type of precipitation characteristic of a given location of the mirror antenna depends on the air temperature. To justify the thickness of precipitation layer on the antenna reflector, the following statistical data are also necessary: the intensity of rain in a given location with a given probability, the daily rate of snow layer and the thickness of ice, which can form in a given climatic region on the metal elements of the mirror structure, including the reflector. Obtained results of electromagnetic energy losses in precipitation layer for different cases of meteorological conditions for millimeter band and their comparison with data for centimeter wavelength range have shown that the greatest losses (from 12-13 dB to 92 dB) in millimeter wavelength range, especially at frequencies above 60 GHz are caused by snow precipitation. In the centimeter wavelength range the maximum losses (up to 10 dB) can be observed in rain.
Physical Characterization of Breast Implants Submitted to High Energy X-Rays
Authors: Patiño Leiva Sandra Johana , Plazas María Cristina , Barreto Lisette
Published: November 2021

Based on clinical experience and various studies, it has been found that breast prostheses present failures that are related to a radiotherapy treatment. However, there are currently few studies that analyze the impact of radiotherapy on the material of the prosthesis. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to characterize the material of silicone breast implants with high cohesiveness. In order to carry out the research a characterization based on mechanical tests, rheology, and spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. This was done with the objective of identifying changes in the prosthesis before and after being irradiated with high energy x-ray photons. To perform the study, 4 breast implants were used. These implants were subjected to the aforementioned tests. The researcher repeated the observation in the second and the third month. Finally, when comparing the results, the mechanical changes are shown in the coating. In the internal material small changes were generated in the elastic and viscous modules. To conclude, effective changes were observed after radiotherapy treatment in the prosthetic material.
Literatura de la inmigración en España
Authors: Rostecka Barbara , Ascanio-Sánchez Carmen
Published: November 2021

Este artículo analiza la literatura de la inmigración en España, a partir de los trabajos que, en los dos últimos decenios, han surgido en el campo de la literatura comparada y la sociología. El objetivo consiste en visualizar este campo sociocultural, ubicando dichas narrativas en nuestra realidad sociohistórica y relacionándolas, por tanto, con las dinámicas y cambios sociales. Un especial foco de atención se situará en los procesos de institucionalización de una serie de discursos sobre este tema. Esta propuesta parte de la necesidad de construir un marco amplio para el análisis de esta literatura desde un enfoque que permita avanzar en la identificación e interrelación de sus principales agentes, dinámicas sociales y discursos hegemónicos.
Poesía en red
Authors: Falguera-García Enric , Selfa-Sastre Moisés
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo sitúa la literatura digital como una realidad que ha modificado la forma de leer y de escribir literatura, así como de relacionarse entre el autor, el lector y el texto en un entorno digital. El canal de comunicación se ha transformado y ha posibilitado nuevas formas de creación literaria y de debate dialógico en torno al hecho literario. Una de estas nuevas formas de lectura y escritura de literatura en la red es la aplicación Wattpad, que ha creado una comunidad de lectores y escritores que escriben literatura y hablan sobre ella. En concreto, en este artículo analizamos las creaciones poéticas de estos jóvenes lectores, cuáles son las características de la poesía que escriben, qué recursos utilizan, cómo es comentada por sus receptores, qué habilidades lingüísticas despliegan y cómo este intercambio cultural mejora la competencia literaria de los usuarios de Wattpad y, por extensión, de los usuarios de literatura digital.
Educación literaria y promoción lectora apoyadas en entornos literarios inmersivos con realidad aumentada
Authors: Neira-Piñeiro María del Rosario , Del-Moral-Pérez Esther
Published: November 2021

Los entornos literarios inmersivos (ELI) son escenarios educativos diseñados a partir de objetos físicos que recrean obras literarias infantiles, proporcionando información digital superpuesta con realidad aumentada (RA) y favoreciendo un aprendizaje inmersivo. Con esta investigación cualitativa -centrada en el estudio de casos- nos proponemos: 1) analizar 25 ELI elaborados por futuros maestros, para promover la educación lectora y literaria en infantil, atendiendo a dos dimensiones: a) tecnológico-interactiva, describiendo el soporte y recursos RA utilizados, y b) didáctico-literaria, identificando y cuantificando la tipología de textos y actividades. 2) Determinar el nivel de satisfacción de los futuros maestros al concluir la experiencia. Los resultados revelan que los ELI -basados en textos literarios- recrean universos ficcionales apoyados en recursos RA, dando vida a los personajes e incluyendo actividades con y sin RA. El 64% de los ELI utiliza maquetas, el 24% lapbooks y el resto prima otros soportes, incluyendo láminas-marcadores, vídeos, animaciones de personajes, juegos online, activadores RA, códigos QR, etc. La experiencia innovadora resultó muy satisfactoria para los futuros docentes, quienes aprovecharon las oportunidades de la RA para diseñar actividades de educación literaria y promover un aprendizaje lúdico y multisensorial.
El lápiz y el dragón
Authors: Santiago-Ruiz Eduardo
Published: November 2021

La secuencialidad se puede explicar brevemente como una forma de transmitir significado que sucede cuando una obra está segmentada en pequeñas unidades. La teoría sobre la secuencialidad nació de la mano de los artistas del cómic como Will Eisner y Scout McCloud a finales del siglo pasado. Sin embargo, a pesar de que el álbum ilustrado es, de la misma forma que el cómic, eminentemente secuencial, esta característica ha sido relativamente poco estudiada. El presente es un artículo teórico que parte desde el Análisis Multimodal y que tiene como objetivos: a) argumentar por qué la secuencialidad debe considerarse uno de los modos semióticos fundamentales del álbum ilustrado narrativo, junto con el texto y la imagen; b) analizar cómo están conformados los estratos de la secuencialidad y c) definir conceptos que permitan analizar la secuencialidad, tales como el panel, la brecha secuencial y el cambio de página. Contar con una teoría de la secuencialidad para el álbum ilustrado es relevante para analizar con mayor profundidad los recursos estéticos que emplean las y los artistas y para formular mejores estrategias para el desarrollo de la lectura y la alfabetización visual.
Elena Fortún en la Literatura Infantil y Juvenil
Authors: Muela-Bermejo Diana
Published: November 2021

En este trabajo se desarrolla un estado de la cuestión sobre la obra de Elena Fortún (pseudónimo de Encarnación Aragoneses) desde los años sesenta hasta la actualidad. En primer lugar, se abordan los estudios destinados al análisis del discurso fortuniano, desde la caracterización de los personajes infantiles hasta la profundización en la lengua de Celia. En segundo lugar, se examinan los trabajos dedicados a la obra de Encarnación Aragoneses desde una perspectiva de género, ya sea desde la construcción de la figura literaria de Fortún en relación con otras personalidades de la época, ya sea desde su visión de la mujer y de su propia identidad femenina. En tercer lugar, se sitúa el estado actual en el que se encuentra la investigación en torno a esta escritora y se presentan las líneas de investigación futuras, en aras de contribuir a llenar el vacío bibliográfico que rodea la presencia de Fortún en la educación literaria del siglo XXI.
Prácticas lectoras en la era digital entre estudiantes universitarios de ciencias sociales y ciencias exactas
Authors: Alcocer-Vazquez Eloisa , Zapata-González Alfredo
Published: November 2021

Las TIC han transformado la experiencia lectora desde una diversificación de plataformas hasta la posibilidad de interactuar con comunidades virtuales, surgiendo un cambio de roles entre las instituciones tradicionales intermediarias de la lectura. El presente estudio centra su importancia en reconocer las prácticas lectoras emergentes entre los jóvenes universitarios que permitan actualizar modelos y estrategias de lectura dentro de las instituciones educativas, a través de un enfoque cuantitativo que se apoya en la minería de datos para identificar reglas de clasificación y agrupamientos en una población conformada por estudiantes universitarios de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, México. Los resultados muestran que los participantes leen por gusto en diversos soportes como son las redes sociales, los sitios web y participan en foros, además, se ubicaron patrones de respuesta y reacción al acto de lectura como formas participativas en internet.
Creación poética en nuevos contextos
Authors: Campos-F.-Fígares Mar
Published: November 2021

En el presente trabajo nos aproximamos a las prácticas literarias con las que los jóvenes lectores tienen una mayor vinculación en la actualidad. La creación en las redes y la lectura a través de las pantallas han configurado un nuevo modelo de comunicación entre autores y receptores que necesitamos analizar para tener puntos de partida sobre los que edificar la educación literaria. El objetivo principal del trabajo es revisar las modificaciones surgidas a partir de las TIC en la creación y recepción de la poesía, por medio de la descripción de algunos de los contenidos literarios a los que los jóvenes acceden desde los dispositivos digitales.  Así, acotaremos conceptualmente dos grandes tipologías de lectura que requieren de habilidades muy diferentes, y ciñéndonos al ámbito de la poesía, uno de los géneros con gran auge entre jóvenes y adolescentes. Se concluye que se precisa una formación específica de mediadores en lectura y escritura no solo para visibilizar todos estos ámbitos, sino también para emplearlos en favor de la educación literaria.
Dialogue of cultures of Canada and Russia: Days of Culture of Canada 2021
Authors: Isaeva Ekaterina
Published: November 2021

From June 23 to July 17, 2021, the Days of Culture of Canada were held in Moscow, organized by the All-Russian State Library of Foreign Literature named after M. I. Rudomino, the Embassy of Canada in the Russian Federation and the Russian-Canadian Center "Moscow-Quebec" RSUH. The purpose of this large-scale cultural event, timed to coincide with three state Canadian holidays: the Day of the Indigenous Peoples of Canada (June 21), Quebec Day (June 24) and the National Day of Canada (July 1), was to introduce the Russian public to various aspects of Canadian culture
Lectures by Canadian and Russian researchers, meetings with authors, master classes, exhibitions, and displays of works of musical and visual culture were held in a mixed format. During the presentations, the historical and geographical features of individual Canadian regions and provinces were covered in detail: Quebec, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, the Rocky Mountains, the Arctic. Most of the events were broadcast on the portal "Culture. RU".
There is no doubt that during the Days of Culture of Canada, the Russian public was enriched with knowledge about literature, history, geography, ethnography, languages, philosophy, visual art of this region of the planet, which in turn will contribute to the expansion of Russian-Canadian cooperation in the field of science, education and culture.
Biden Administration’s R&D Budget Priorities
Authors: Sudakova Natalia
Published: November 2021

The article revealed that J. Biden's program, with which he approached the 2020 elections, was distinguished by increased attention to issues of innovative development. The President of the United States emphasized the focus on a significant increase in federal investments in R&D and advanced manufacturing. J. Biden plans to focus on supporting socially oriented science and technology policy that aims to revive economically disadvantaged regions and provide economic opportunities to socially vulnerable segments of the population, including racial minorities.
It has been established that, unlike D. Trump, for whom the priority was increasing defense R&D funding, J. Biden prefers federal funding for nondefense R&D and applied research. This is confirmed by the data presented in the White House budget request for FY 2022.
Among the priorities of science and technology policy, J. Biden identifies advanced manufacturing programs, climate research, quantum and advanced communication technology, energy and biotechnology, and health research projects. President Biden’s American Jobs Plan would roughly double the current annual level of federal spending on research infrastructure, including for rural development. It can provide a tangible boost to the development of science and technology and strengthen the growth trend in R&D intensity, which in 2019 for the first time in U.S. history exceeded 3% of GDP. There is a strong possibility that Congress will approve this massive project in terms of investment in science with bipartisan support. But the question of the extent to which this plan will be implemented against the background of budget restrictions and projected budget revenues remains open.
Biden Administration and Canada's Economic Interests
Authors: Khoroshilov Evgeny
Published: November 2021

In the XXI century, there is a slight decline in the importance of the United States for Canada as an economic partner, but the United States remain the main external force influencing the development of the Canadian economy. Canada is interested in unhindered access of its goods to the American market, free flow of capital between the two countries, the development of North American economic integration and, most importantly, in sustainable economic growth in the United States. If the economic policy of the Joe Biden administration ensures the dynamic development of the American economy, then this will have a positive impact on the Canadian economy. At the same time, a number of provisions of Biden's economic strategy, such as raising the corporate income tax, strengthening control over mergers and acquisitions, and the "Buy American" policy, contradict Canadian economic interests. At first glance, the Biden administration's commitment to combating climate change is also negative for Canada. However, a number of Canadian stakeholders may also become beneficiaries of the new "green" course of the American economy. In general, the Canadian establishment believes that Canada’s national interests are in further integration of the US and Canadian economies. The Biden administration's tenure in the White House is unlikely to be an obstacle to this process.
Priorities and New Areas for U.S. Economic Cooperation with the Asia-Pacific Region
Authors: Chudinova Ksenia
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the first steps of the Biden administration to strengthen the resilience of American supply chains and expand interaction on key issues with allied economies in the Asia-Pacific region (APR). Critically important areas of cooperation were identified, and the agreements reached with partners at the current stage were analyzed. It is illustrated that the Biden administration is gradually forming around the United States an association of "techno-democratic" countries, in which the allied economies in the APR will play an important role. One of the most important goals of the alliance is to reduce dependence on supplies from China and reduce the influence of the PRC, potentially through the introduction of a new set of rules and standards.
Novel Response Relation Method for Sensor Data Analysis of Complex Engineering Systems
Authors: Sunkara Kalyani , K Venkata Rao , A Mary Sowjanya
Published: November 2021

Technology of Internet of Things (IoT) offers extensive applications for industrial productivity and safety improvement. Advanced miniature sensors are available for monitoring multiple process parameters in a complex industrial or an engineering system. An industrial plant's overall operational status is captured using a network of sensors and stored on a cloud storage platform, where it is evaluated using the machine learning algorithms to produce valuable insights. Finding the correlation among these sensor variables is essential before feeding the same to machine learning algorithms. The present study proposes a novel approach to choose a few critical sensors out of numerous sensors based on the Response Relationship methodology. The Response Relationship method enables the system to be fully autonomous and helps find the interrelation among variables. The Response Relationship among variables is quantified and used for calculating the Remaining Useful Life of a complex engineering system. The proposed methodology is also applied to binary and multi-class classification to demonstrate the efficiency of the Response Relationship method. The results obtained are compared with standard methods of prediction and classification in terms of suitable metrics.
Coupling of Inference and Access Controls to Ensure Privacy Protection
Authors: El Mokhtari Jihane , El Kalam Anas Abou , Benhaddou Siham , Leroy Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2021

This article is devoted to the topic of coupling access and inference controls into security policies. The coupling of these two mechanisms is necessary to strengthen the protection of the privacy of complex systems users. Although the PrivOrBAC access control model covers several privacy protection requirements, the risk of inferring sensitive data may exist. Indeed, the accumulation of several pieces of data to which access is authorized can create an inference. This work proposes an inference control mechanism implemented through multidimensional analysis. This analysis will take into account several elements such as the history of access to the data that may create an inference, as well as their influence on the inference. The idea is that this mechanism delivers metrics that reflect the level of risk. These measures will be considered in the access control rules and will participate in the refusal or authorization decision with or without obligation. This is how the coupling of access and inference controls will be applied. The implementation of this coupling will be done via the multidimensional OLAP databases which will be requested by the Policy Information Point, the gateway brick of XACML to the various external data sources, which will route the inference measurements to the decision-making point.
Methodical Approach to Evaluation of Efficiency of Transformation of Business Processes on Engineering Enterprises in the Context of Ensuring Security
Authors: Bazyliuk Volodymyr , Molnar Oleksandr , Kyrlyk Nataliya , Vynnychuk Roksolana , Zavadyak Roman
Published: November 2021

The main purpose of the study is the formation the methodological approach to assessing the options for transforming of the main business process in the context of ensuring security. The study is based on the assessment results of several of leading engineering enterprises. The methodology of estimation of efficiency of carrying out transformation of the basic business processes of the enterprises, based on the theory of fuzzy sets, is a convenient means of carrying out multicriteria evaluation, comparative analysis from the point of view of integrated criterion and obtaining orderly priority of business processes on their efficiency. The study of the process of transformation of a business process for the production and sale of product enterprises was conducted and a methodology for assessing its effectiveness based on the use of the mathematical apparatus of the theory of fuzzy sets was formed and allows us to formalize and evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of each of the options for the business process. Methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the transformation of the main business processes at the enterprises can be used in enterprises of various profiles after the necessary analysis and optimization. The study conducted a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the transformation of the main business processes at the enterprises using as example engineering enterprises in the context of ensuring security.
FE Analysis of FGM Plates on Arbitrarily Orthotropic Pasternak Foundations for Membrane Effects
Authors: ÇALIK KARAKÖSE Ülkü Hülya
Published: November 2021

In this study, the finite element analysis of sigmoid functionally graded material (S-FGM) plates resting on orthotropic Pasternak elastic foundations with different material angles is presented. For modelling, SAP2000 software package is used in which the required adjustments are made to obtain the expected behaviour of the plate-foundation system. The plate is modelled both using solid elements and layered shell elements by defining a number of solid elements and layers in the thickness direction having elastic properties equivalent to the properties of the S-FGM plate. The interaction between the plate and the foundation is treated by equalizing the vertical displacements of the plate and foundation nodal points. The orthotropic Pasternak foundation is modelled using plane strain elements with some adjustments to the elastic properties. The membrane effects of the simply supported S-FGM plate on Pasternak foundation are considered by assigning the edge boundaries of the system as pinned supports and these effects are excluded by converting all boundary nodes into roller supports except one of the corner nodes of the plate and the foundation due to the stability requirement. A number of verification examples are performed to demonstrate the convenience and robustness of the proposed model. This work can be easily extended to static and dynamic analyses of FGM plates with various geometries resting on arbitrarily orthotropic Pasternak elastic foundations for further studies.
Effectiveness of Educational Interventions on Internship Training in Community Medicine in a Tertiary Care Centre in Alappuzha District of Kerala, South India; A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Ramesh Jeena , Ramachandran Reshmi
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND India has been facing various challenges in the past decade, which include outbreaks of different communicable diseases and the rising of slow pandemics of non-communicable diseases. The current COVID 19 pandemic brings to light the need to revamp the training in public health during the internship. A standardized and outcome-based approach to internship training is the need of the hour for the Indian medical graduate (IMG). The internship program in community medicine should train the Indian medical graduate to develop patient management and administrative skills to promote health care through a health facility. The training provided is not standardized or evaluated across the medical colleges. Hence, it was aimed to study the effectiveness of educational interventions on internship training during the posting at the rural training health centre (RTHC). METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted among the interns posted in the rural training health centre using a validated semi-structured questionnaire as a pretest followed by a post-test after two weeks of training on the primary health care system. The perception of the students towards the training was assessed using the Likert 5 point scale. RESULTS The pre-test score was 5.30 (SD 2.105) and the post-test mean score was 9.35 (SD 2.033) [P < 0.01]. The gender-based analysis also showed significance within genders. Student perception revealed 80 % found the training useful, 90 % agreed that the guidance provided by the field staff helped them and 90 % agreed that the intervention changed their outlook towards the internship training in community medicine. CONCLUSIONS The study has brought a positive outlook towards giving adequate guidance to acquire knowledge and skills to interns by the active involvement of faculty. Rethinking and re-implementation of the existing internship training in the community is the need of the hour. KEYWORDS Internship Training, Community Medicine, Medical Education, Kerala, GMR 2019
A Study to Evaluate the Role of Diffusion Weighted Imaging in Detection and Staging of Prostate Cancer and Correlation with Histopathology in and around East Godavari
Authors: D. Sowmya , S. Anusha , P. Hari Babu Pidaparti , T. Jaya Chandra , K. Mytri Priyadarshini
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND Prostate is an associated gland of the male reproductive system. Worldwide, among the men, prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer. PC is the seventh commonest cancers among the Indian male. Studies reported that diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast enhanced imaging (DCE-MRI), can offer additional value in localizing cancer. A study was conducted to evaluate and correlate the role of DWI in detection and staging of PC and correlation with histopathology. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, GSL Medical College, over a period of 18 months. Males with symptoms of nocturia, urinary urgency, frequency, hesitancy and bone pain were included in the study. Trans rectal ultrasound scan (TRUS) biopsy was collected, Gleason‘s score (GS) was considered for the histopathologic analysis. The evaluation of DWI as a tool for detection of PC was based on comparing the sensitivity and specificity of the results after taking histopathology as the gold standard test chi-square test was used to find the statistical significance and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Total, 36 (82 %) were diagnosed to be malignant, maximum number (18; 50 %) were between 61 – 70 years age group. Peripheral zone is the most common (61.2 %; 22) area for the PC followed by transitional (33.3 %) and central zone (5.5 %). In this study, 16.6 % members had GS ≤6; Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was ranged between 0.81 to 0.87 and mean + SD were 0.85 + 0.02. Out of the 22.2 % members whose GS was 7, the mean + SD ADC were 0.74 ± 0.02. For 22 (61 %) members, GS was >8; the mean + SD ADC was 0.63 ± 0.08; statistically there was significant difference between the parameters. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that 61.3 % (27) cases as highly suspicious, 25 % (11) as probably malignant and 13.6 % (6) as indeterminate; the sensitivity for MRI was 94.5 % and specificity was 85.7 %. CONCLUSIONS Patients with increased prostate specific antigen (PSA), multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MPMRI) is valuable, non-invasive and a better option to detect PC. Also helps in localizing the exact location. KEYWORDS Cancer, Tumour, Biopsy, Study
High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) Evaluation of Temporal Bone Infectious Pathologies - A Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Valsad, Gujarat
Authors: Patel Ankurkumar Zaverbhai
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND The complicated middle and inner ear anatomy challenge the diagnostic ease in radiological evaluation of the temporal bone. Their tiny dimension and close neighbouring of the structures limited the successful imaging facilities for long periods of time. Conventional radiological procedures have been inadequate for diagnostic imaging but recently multidirectional tomography and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has gained importance. Inflammatory and infectious diseases of the temporal bone are a major indication to perform highresolution CT. Such studies allow one to evaluate the extent of the disease in the soft tissues and in the bony structures of the temporal bone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate temporal bone infectious pathologies using high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). METHODS The study is completely observational & retrospective type of study. HRCT of temporal bone was carried out on 50 cases with SIEMENS SOMATOM emotion 16 slice CT scan machine, GMERS Medical College & Hospital, Valsad, Gujarat depending upon the availability from February 2019 to January 2020 including all age groups, both sexes with suspicion of temporal bone infective pathologies based on sign and symptoms. RESULTS Out of 50 patients, 38 patients were diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and 12 patients were diagnosed with acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM), of which 65 % of CSOM showed cholesteatoma formation. All the patients with ASOM showed air-fluid levels. Male to female ratio was nearly 1.77 : 1. Out of which, 52 % were paediatric patients. Common symptoms were ear, discharge, headache and deafness. Most commonly affected site was right side. There were 6 extra cranial and 2 intracranial complications seen. CONCLUSIONS Due to the ability to delineate the bony and soft tissue anatomy with high accuracy, high-resolution CT is the imaging modality of choice for topographic evaluation of temporal infective pathologies and their extracranial and intracranial complications. KEYWORDS ASOM, CSOM, Cholesteatoma, Air Fluid Level, Pneumatization, Ossicles, Middle Ear, Inner Ear, Complications
Dual Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) for Determination of Renal Calculi Composition - In-Vivo Analysis and In-Vitro Comparison with Qualitative Chemical Analysis - A Prospective Comparative Study at a Single Centre at SDM Medical College and Hospital – Dharwad, Karnataka
Authors: Kalabhavi Srinivas , Makannavar Pramod , Kanagali Revanasiddappa , A.N. Prabhath , Shah Narendrakumar
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND Dual energy computed tomography (DECT) is a new method of computed tomography (CT) imaging which allows to determine stone composition in addition to assessing stone morphology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of dual energy CT (DECT) preoperatively to assess the composition of urinary stones and to compare it with post-operative in vitro qualitative chemical analysis as reference standard. METHODS Forty patients (18 male and 22 female) who presented with symptoms of renal stones in the department of urology were included in the study. All 40 patients who were diagnosed to have renal stones clinically and by ultrasonography (USG) kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) region were subjected to dual energy CT. The stone composition assessed in vivo using DECT preoperatively and in vitro by chemical analysis post operatively after stone extraction by surgical procedure. The results were compared by statistical analysis. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated and descriptive study done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.00 version. Data was analysed by comparing it with correlative qualitative chemical analysis. RESULTS In our study, in vivo analysis using DECT showed most common type of stone was calcium oxalate seen in 20 cases compromising 50 % of total cases. Next common stone type was uric acid stone (22.5 %) followed by cysteine (17.5 %) and calcium hydroxyapatite (10 %) respectively. When the same stones were subjected to ex vivo chemical analysis, one of the calcium oxalate stone came out to be calcium phosphate and one of the cysteine stone came out to be mixed stone. Thus, out of 40 stones, 38 stones were found to have the same result in ex vivo chemical analysis as that of in vivo analysis by dual energy CT. Hence, accuracy of dual energy CT in diagnosis of renal stones was found to be 100 % with CI 91.19 % - 100 %. CONCLUSIONS With dual energy CT, it is possible to determine the composition of renal calculi in vivo non-invasively (with specificity of 100 % in our present study). Therefore, this helps in deciding the modality of treatment pre-operatively whether the stone is amenable to medical management (e.g., Uric acid stones) or requires extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) or surgical intervention can be determined preoperatively. This helps to reduce the unnecessary financial burden and is found to be time saving. KEYWORDS Renal Calculus, Dual Energy CT, Stone Composition, Uric Acid Stones, Non-Uric Acid Stones, Attenuation, Hounsfield Units HU, Chemical Analysis of Stones.
Assessing the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis with CT Severity Index and Other Conventional Methods in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tamil Nadu, India – A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Subramani Jayaprakash , Prabhu Rajesh , Palpandi Jagadeesapandian
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis is not uncommon in surgical practice with variable clinical presentation. Because of its potential notable catastrophic complications, it is mandatory to assess the severity at the earliest. In recent times, the decision making in the management is quite difficult due to its complications and outcome. So, an objective assessment of severity based on clinical and laboratory scoring verses computed tomography (CT) severity is still debate, hence the need for study. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of CT severity index verses APACHE II and Ranson criteria in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. METHODS A total number of 36 consecutive cases of acute pancreatitis who were admitted between January 2013 and December 2014 in Apollo Specialty Hospitals – Madurai were included in the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. RESULTS In our study, out of 36 patients, 30 (83.33 %) were males and 6 (16.66 %) were females. The sex distribution shows a clear male predominance. Most of the patients in the present study belonged to the middle age group. Alcohol was the most common cause accounting for 41.7 % of the cases followed by the billiary pathology. CT severity index was the superior tool for prediction of the prognosis and early complications. CONCLUSIONS When using contrast enhanced computed tomography, it was found that there was a significant correlation between the development of organ failure and severity of pancreatitis. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of Ranson and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation – II (APACHE II) at 48 hours of admission with acute pancreatitis does not correlate in determining the severity of acute pancreatitis. KEYWORDS Acute Pancreatitis, Severity Markers, CT Severity Index
IMPACT OF PAKISTAN TELEVISION’S INFOTAINMENT PROGRAM BAZM-E-TARIQ AZIZ ON YOUTH EDUCATION
Authors: Chaudhary Muhammad Umair , Ghani Abdul , Usman Sobia , Farooq Usman
Published: November 2021

Purpose of the study: The present study analyses the impact of PTV infotainment and the educative program Bazm-e-Tariq Aziz (Neelam Gher) on moulding the behaviours of youth in Pakistan. The purpose and, major focus of the study is to measure and analyses the effect of the Television program on youth education in Pakistan.

Methodology: Quantitative method was used in this study. In this regard, survey was conducted from the population having diverse demographics viz: gender, age group, and education etc.

Main Findings: The findings of the study depict that the PTV program Bazm-e-Tariq Aziz (Neelam Gher) has imparted knowledge, awareness, and education to the young population of Pakistan.

Application of this study: The study may be applied to examine the learning behaviour of youth through infotainment programs aired on Television.

Novelty / originality of this study: Electronic media plays a significant role in the dissemination of knowledge and education. Since the inception of Pakistan Television (PTV) in the country, it has been widely watched by the public of all age groups particularly the youth of the country. PTV has aired many informative and infotainment programs but the program Bazm-e-Tariq Aziz (Neelam Gher) has played a special role in educating the masses through its diverse style and programming.
The “Theater” of Power: An Imaginary Reality
Authors:   Head of the Department of History of State and Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation LL.D., Professor, Isaev Igor A.
Published: November 2021

The article reviews the issues related to one of the aspects of the theory of power: its decorative staged aspect. Esthetic elements of ruling intensified its efficiency covering (in the form of ideology) its actual aims and essence at the same time. Staged actions gave birth to the new reality and legal formalities followed the scenarios developed by the ruling circles. This was most vividly manifested in the epoch of classicism (Louis IV) and romanticism.
Child’s Illusion of Legal Certainty in Jerome Frank’s Legal Psychology
Authors:   LL.M. of the Saint Petersburg State University Researcher, Lecturer and Researcher of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tonkov Dmitriy E.
Published: November 2021

Publication of the book “Law and the Modern Mind” in 1930 by J. Frank became one of the starting points in the history of American legal realism. The problem of legal certainty is central in the work of J. Frank. For him the vital question was why lawyers, judges and general public “believe in” and “rely on” the myth of certainty and exactness of the legal rules. One of the reasons J. Frank finds in our childish way of thinking that is tend to fixed, stable and immutable set of mechanical rules. According to the works of child psychologists, J. Frank elaborated and described the childish illusion of world’s clarity, the important element of which is the connection of the child with his father, and its counterpart in adult’s desire for legal certainty.
Forecasting in Historical Legal Research
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Theory of State and Law of the Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia Professor of the Department of History of Law and State of the Law Institute of the Peoples` Friendship University of Russia (PFUR) LL.D., Associate Professor, Sigalov Konstantin E. , Fedorov Mikhail V. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of History of Law and State of the Law Institute of the Peoples` Friendship University of Russia (PFUR) PhD (Law), Associate Professor
Published: November 2021

History is the science of events unfolding in time, and the past, present, and future are equally the goal of truly scientific historical research. The foresight of historical phenomena is conditioned by the authenticity of historical sources, the adequacy of the interpretation of facts, and a strict scientific methodology.
The Establishment of Professional Corporations of Lawyers in European Countries
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of History of Law and State of the Law Institute of the Peoples` Friendship University of Russia (PFUR) PhD (Law), Grafshonkina Anastasia A. , Shaykhutdinova Arina R. ,   Graduate Student of the Law Institute of the Peoples` Friendship University of Russia (PFUR)
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the problem of formation communities of lawyers in European countries. The authors summarized the experience of creating professional legal communities in Great Britain, France and Germany. An analysis of this issue in the direction of the history of law and the state is important for the development of civil society institutions in the modern world.
Jeremy Bentham and Russia: A Historical and Legal Sketch
Authors:   Head of the Department of Labor and Financial Law of the P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University LL.D., Doctor of History, Professor, Lushnikov Andrey M.
Published: November 2021

The article provides the author’s analysis of the work of I. Bentham. The influence of his ideas on the implementation of reforms in Russia at the beginning of the 19th century, including the judicial reform of 1864, is shown. It is noted that from the ideological heritage of I. Bentham, such provisions as the independence of the judiciary, the need to codify the main branches of law, the priority of written law and the diminution of the role of legal custom, the equality of all before the law and the court regardless of class, the humanization of legal (primarily criminal) responsibility, the expansion of freedom of entrepreneurial activity in, etc. found a lively response in the Russian political elite and public consciousness.
On the Classifi cation of Absolute Legal Relationships
Authors:   Lecturer of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation, Kochneva Anastasia A.
Published: November 2021

Absolute legal relations as a conflict of laws phenomenon require in-depth analysis and classification in order to ensure the most effective state of their protection. In the present article, the author raises the question of the general orientation of absolute legal relations, as well as the possibility of their differentiation into general and specific ones. The author examines their classification types depending on their belonging to private or public law; depending on the specifics of the object and its influence on the dynamic and static components of absolute legal relations; depending on the branch of law; depending on the purity of the nature of the absolute legal relations themselves. The author also analyzes the expediency of identifying quasi-absolute legal relations. The importance of resolving the issue of the correct classification of absolute legal relations is dictated by its influence on the degree of legality and guarantee of the process of realization of absolute and inalienable rights of the individual.
International Justice as a Guarantee of Rights of Child Soldiers in the Changing World Order
Authors:   Academic Secretary of the Russian Branch of the International Law Association Research Scientist of the Department of International Law of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences PhD (Law), Smirnykh Sergey E.
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the issues of international justice as a guarantee of child soldiers’ rights in the changing world order. It is noted that children’s participation in hostilities determines the need to consider issues related not only to their protection, but also to their responsibility. In most cases, children are victims of illegal recruitment and commit war crimes through intoxication and violence. Violence against children in armed conflict is an unacceptable reality. Even after conflicts have ended, children will continue to be traumatized by what they should have experienced and subsequently witnessed in international courts.
Obligatory Insurance of Military Servicemen
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Advocacy of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Kocheulov Yuriy Yu.
Published: November 2021

The author considers in this article the most important element of social protection of military man — compulsory insurance. The army is the mainstay of our country in an unstable political system. People are the basis of any army — they need high-quality social protection. One of the central components of a perfectly functioning social protection of military man is a statutory public military man’s liability insurance. The article analyzes the term ‘insurance’, considers the parties to the contract of statutory public military man’s life and health insurance. The author highlights that the system of a statutory public military man’s liability insurance in our country has certain positive features. However, this system cannot be called flawless. The system of statutory public military man’s life and health insurance characterized by a number of negative aspects pointed out by the author. At the end of the article, a number of suggestions for improving this system of insurance are provided.
The History of the Formation of Judicial Regulation in the Military Judicial System of Russia
Authors:   1st class Counselor of Justice, PhD (Law) Degree-Seeking Student of the Russian State University of Justice, Legkov Kirill V.
Published: November 2021

Based on the analysis of historical sources, scientific publications and judicial practice, the article examines the little-studied issues of the emergence and formation of legal regulation in the military-judicial system of Russia of this type of judicial activity as judicial regulation, which has an important role in the judicial protection of the rights of military personnel against the background of the formation of the modern state structure of the country.