bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disparities in Spatial Access to Emergency Surgical Services in the US
Authors: McCrum Marta L. , Wan Neng , Han Jiuying , Lizotte Steven L. , Horns Joshua J.
Published: October 2022

Importance

Hospitals with emergency surgical services provide essential care for a wide range of time-sensitive diseases. Commonly used measures of spatial access, such as distance or travel time, have been shown to underestimate disparities compared with more comprehensive metrics.

Objective

To examine population-level differences in spatial access to hospitals with emergency surgical capability across the US using enhanced 2-step floating catchment (E2SFCA) methods.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A cross-sectional study using the 2015 American Community Survey data. National census block group (CBG) data on community characteristics were paired with geographic coordinates of hospitals with emergency departments and inpatient surgical services, and hospitals with advanced clinical resources were identified. Spatial access was measured using the spatial access ratio (SPAR), an E2SFCA method that captures distance to hospital, population demand, and hospital capacity. Small area analyses were conducted to assess both the population with low access to care and community characteristics associated with low spatial access. Data analysis occurred from February 2021 to July 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Low spatial access was defined by SPAR greater than 1.0 SD below the national mean (SPAR <0.3).

Results

In the 217 663 CBGs (median [IQR] age for CBGs, 39.7 [33.7-46.3] years), there were 3853 hospitals with emergency surgical capabilities and 1066 (27.7%) with advanced clinical resources. Of 320 million residents, 30.8 million (9.6%) experienced low access to any hospital with emergency surgical services, and 82.6 million (25.8%) to advanced-resource centers. Insurance status was associated with low access to care across all settings (public insurance: adjusted rate ratio [aRR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12-1.25; uninsured aRR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.52-1.64). In micropolitan and rural areas, high-share (>75th percentile) Hispanic and other (Asian; American Indian, Alaska Native, or Pacific Islander; and 2 or more racial and ethnic minority groups) communities were also associated with low access. Similar patterns were seen in access to advanced-resource hospitals, but with more pronounced racial and ethnic disparities.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of access to surgical care, nearly 1 in 10 US residents experienced low spatial access to any hospital with emergency surgical services, and 1 in 4 had low access to hospitals with advanced clinical resources. Communities with high rates of uninsured or publicly insured residents and racial and ethnic minority communities in micropolitan and rural areas experienced the greatest risk of limited access to emergency surgical care. These findings support the use of E2SFCA models in identifying areas with low spatial access to surgical care and in guiding health system development.
Prevalence of Online Sexual Offenses Against Children in the US
Authors: Finkelhor David , Turner Heather , Colburn Deirdre
Published: October 2022

Importance

Sexual abuse is increasingly facilitated by technology, but the prevalence and dynamics of such offenses have not been well delineated, making it difficult to design prevention strategies.

Objective

To examine the frequency and characteristics of online and technology-facilitated sexual abuse against children and youth.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this nationally representative online survey study performed from November 19 to December 29, 2021, young adults aged 18 to 28 years were asked retrospectively about their childhood (<18 years) experiences of online and technology-facilitated abuse. The 2639 participants were sampled from an online panel.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Participants were asked questions about 11 different kinds of online and technology-facilitated sexual abuse with follow-up questions about their dynamics and offenders. Prevalence rates were calculated for several cross-cutting concepts (online child sexual abuse, image-based sexual abuse, self-produced child sexual abuse images, nonconsensual sexting, online grooming by adults, revenge pornography, sextortion, and online commercial sexual exploitation). Survey weights were applied to obtain population prevalence estimates.

Results

A total of 2639 individuals (48.5% male, 49.8% female, and 1.8% other gender; 23.7% Hispanic, 12.6% non-Hispanic Black, 53.9% non-Hispanic White, 4.8% other race, and 5.0% ≥2 races) were surveyed. Childhood (before 18 years of age) prevalence rates were as follows: online child sexual abuse, 15.6% (SE, 1.0%); image-based sexual abuse, 11.0% (SE, 0.9%); self-produced child sexual abuse images, 7.2% (SE, 0.7%); nonconsensual sexting, 7.2% (SE, 0.7%); online grooming by adults, 5.4% (SE, 0.5%); revenge pornography, 3.1% (SE, 0.5%); sextortion, 3.5% (SE, 0.6%); and online commercial sexual exploitation, 1.7% (SE, 0.3%). The prime age of vulnerability across all categories was 13 to 17 years. Perpetrators in most categories were predominantly dating partners, friends, and acquaintances, not online strangers.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this national survey study suggest that a considerable portion of youth have experienced online child sexual abuse. Professionals planning prevention and intervention strategies for online sexual abuse should understand that dynamics include diverse episodes that are often extensions of dating abuse, sexual bullying, and sexual harassment, not only events perpetrated by adult internet predators.
Participation of Older Adults in Clinical Trials for New Drug Applications and Biologics License Applications From 2010 Through 2019
Authors: Lau S. W. Johnny , Huang Yue , Hsieh Julie , Wang Shenggang , Liu Qi , Slattum Patricia W. , Schwartz Janice B. , Huang Shiew-Mei , Temple Robert
Published: October 2022

Importance

Older age may be accompanied by changes in the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics or both of medications that can result in altered safety and efficacy profiles.

Objective

To assess representation of older adults in clinical trials of new drug applications (NDAs) and biologics license applications (BLAs).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study analyzed US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) data for NDAs and BLAs approved from 2010 through 2019. Age distribution of clinical trial participants was compared with age distribution of the US population with the disease or disorder (prevalent population). Data were from adults enrolled in registration trials for depression, heart failure, insomnia, non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) stroke prevention, osteoporosis, and type 2 diabetes or adults sampled from US prevalent population in community-dwelling health data. Data were analyzed from November 2020 to February 2021.

Exposures

Trial enrollment.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Representativeness of trial populations was assessed by the participation to prevalence ratio (PPR) defined as the percentage of patients by age group among clinical trial participants to the percentage of patients by age group among US prevalent population.

Results

Data from 166 clinical trials (229 558 participants) for 44 NDAs and BLAs were analyzed. The most consistent finding was the limited enrollment of the oldest age groups, namely those 75 years and above for type 2 diabetes and NSCLC, and 80 years and above for NVAF stroke prevention, insomnia, heart failure, and osteoporosis. Adults aged 60 to 74 years were enrolled in equal or greater proportion than the US prevalent population.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, underrepresentation of the oldest adults existed during evaluation of new drugs and biologics, yet the older adults may represent significant proportions of the treatment population. Closing the representation gap between clinical trial enrollment and potential treatment populations is essential for safe and effective use of new drugs and biologics.
Association Between Time Interval from COVID-19 Vaccination to In Vitro Fertilization and Pregnancy Rate After Fresh Embryo Transfer
Authors: Shi Wenhao , Wang Min , Xue Xia , Li Na , Chen Lijuan , Shi Juanzi
Published: October 2022

Importance

There is a lack of information regarding the need to postpone conception after COVID-19 vaccination.

Objective

To investigate the time interval between the first dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine and in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment as well as the rate of pregnancy after a fresh embryo transfer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study was conducted at a single public IVF center in China. Female patients aged 20 to 47 years and undergoing IVF treatment were consecutively registered from May 1 to December 22, 2021, with follow-up until March 31, 2022. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection before or during IVF treatment and those who underwent 2 or more IVF treatments, received the noninactivated or unknown COVID-19 vaccine, or did not have a fresh embryo transfer were excluded from this study.

Exposures

The vaccinated group (subdivided into 4 subgroups of time interval from first vaccination to fertilization treatment: ≤30 days, 31-60 days, 61-90 days, and ≥91 days) and nonvaccinated group.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Risk ratios (RRs) for the association between the time interval and ongoing pregnancy (pregnancy continued at least 12 weeks).

Results

A total of 3052 female patients (mean [SD] age, 31.45 [3.96] years) undergoing IVF treatment were analyzed in this study. There were 667 vaccinated patients receiving IVF (35 were vaccinated ≤30 days, 58 were vaccinated 31-60 days, 105 were vaccinated 61-90 days, and 469 were vaccinated ≥91 days before fertilization treatment), and 2385 unvaccinated patients receiving treatment. The ovarian stimulation and laboratory parameters were similar among all groups. Ongoing pregnancy was significantly lower in the 30 days or less subgroup (34.3% [12 of 35]; adjusted RR [aRR], 0.61; 95% CI, 0.33-0.91) and the 31 to 60 days’ subgroup (36.2% [21 of 58]; aRR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.42-0.85). A slightly but not statistically lower rate was found in the 61 to 90 days’ subgroup, and no reduced risk for ongoing pregnancy in the 91 days or more subgroup was observed (56.3% [264 of 469]; aRR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.88-1.04) compared with the unvaccinated group (60.3% [1439 of 2385], as reference).

Conclusions and Relevance

Findings of this study suggest that receipt of the first inactivated COVID-19 vaccine dose 60 days or less before fertilization treatment is associated with a reduced rate of pregnancy. In patients undergoing IVF treatment with a fresh embryo transfer, the procedure may need to be delayed until at least 61 days after COVID-19 vaccination.
Sexually Transmitted Infection Rates and Closure of Family Planning Clinics Because of Abortion Restrictions in Iowa
Authors: Srinivas Megan , Wong Ngai Sze , Wallace Robin , Emch Michael , Tang Weiming , Yang Eileen J. , Tucker Joseph D.
Published: October 2022

This cohort study assesses rates of sexually transmitted infections in Iowa counties before and after closure of family planning health centers and compared with national rates.
Genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic signatures for telomerase complex components: a pan‐cancer analysis
Authors: Wang Jing , Dai Mingkai , Xing Xiangling , Wang Xing , Qin Xin , Huang Tao , Fang Zhiqing , Fan Yidong , Xu Dawei
Published: October 2022

Telomerase activation is required for malignant transformation. Recent advances in high‐throughput technologies have enabled the generation of complex datasets, thus providing alternative approaches to exploring telomerase biology more comprehensively, which has proven to be challenging due to the need for laborious assays required to test for telomerase activity. To solve these issues, several groups have analyzed TCGA pan‐cancer tumor datasets by investigating telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), the catalytic subunit for telomerase activity, or its surrogates. However, telomerase is a multiunit complex containing not only TERT, but also numerus cofactors required for telomerase function. Here we determined genomic and molecular alterations of 10 well‐characterized telomerase components in the TCGA and CCLE datasets. We calculated a telomerase score (TS) based on their expression profiles and clustered tumors into low, high, and intermediate subtypes. To validate the in silico analysis result, we used immunoblotting and telomerase assays. High TS subtypes were significantly associated with stemness, proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, hyperactivation of oncogenic signaling pathways, shorter patient survival, and infiltration of dysfunctional T‐cells or poor response to immunotherapy. Copy number alterations in 10 telomerase components were widespread and associated with the level of their expression. Surprisingly, primary tumors and cancer cell lines frequently displayed a homozygous deletion of the TCAB1 gene, encoding a telomerase protein essential for telomerase trafficking, assembling, and function, as previously reported. However, tumors or cells carrying a TCAB1 deletion still exhibited telomerase activity comparable to or even higher than their wildtype counterparts. Collectively, applying telomerase component‐based TS in complex datasets provided a robust tool for telomerase analyses. Our findings also reveal a tight connection between telomerase and other oncogenic signaling pathways; TCAB1 may acts as a dispensable telomerase component. Moreover, TS may serve as a useful biomarker to predict patient outcomes and response to immunotherapy.
Evaluation of intrafraction couch shifts for proton treatment delivery in head‐and‐neck cancer patients: Toward optimal imaging frequency
Authors: Biswal Nrusingh C. , Rodrigues Dario B. , Yao Weiguang , Molitoris Jason K. , Witek Matthew E. , Chen Shifeng
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Treatment planning for head‐and‐neck (H&N) cancer, in particular oropharynx, nasopharynx, and paranasal sinus cases, at our center requires noncoplanar proton beams due to the complexity of the anatomy and target location. Targeting accuracy for all beams is carefully evaluated by using image guidance before delivering proton beam therapy (PBT). In this study, we analyzed couch shifts to evaluate whether imaging is required before delivering each field with different couch angles.

Methods

After the Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective analysis was performed on data from 28 H&N patients treated with PBT. Each plan was made with two‐to‐three noncoplanar and two‐to‐three coplanar fields. Cone‐beam computed tomography and orthogonal kilovoltage (kV) images were acquired for setup and before delivering each field, respectively. The Cartesian (longitudinal, vertical, and lateral) and angular (pitch and roll) shifts for each field were recorded from the treatment summary on the first two fractions and every subsequent fifth fraction. A net magnitude of the three‐dimensional (3D) shift in Cartesian coordinates was calculated, and a 3D vector was created from the 6 degrees of freedom coordinates for transforming couch shifts in the system coordinate to the beam's‐eye view.

Results

A total of 3219 Cartesian and 2146 angular shift values were recorded for 28 patients. Of the Cartesian shifts, 2069 were zero (64.3%), and 1150 (35.7%) were nonzero (range, −7 to 11 mm). Of the angular shifts, 1034 (48.2%) were zero, and 1112 (51.8%) were nonzero (range, −3.0° to 3.2°). For 17 patients, the couch shifts increased toward the end of the treatment course. We also found that patients with higher body mass index (BMI) presented increased net couch shifts (p < 0.001). With BMI < 27, all overall net shift averages were <2 mm, and overall maximum net shifts were <6 mm.

Conclusions

These results confirm the need for orthogonal kV imaging before delivering each field of H&N PBT at our center, where a couch rotation is involved.
NAATP releases salary survey
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2022

The 2022 salary survey of members of the National Association of Addiction Treatment Providers (NAATP) is available for purchase. Salary information is only available for sale. “Between 2020 and 2022 we saw near universal increases in median salary, with the largest increases being in medical roles, such as Chief Medical Officer (18%), and Medical Director (32%),” Peter Thomas NAATP membership director, told ADAW last week. Below are the benefits, by percentage and job type, of treatment center employees.
2D Magnetic Fe0.75Ta0.5S2: Giant Exchange Bias with Broadband Photoresponse
Authors: Li Changcun , Wu Jiazhen , Bian Renji , Cao Guiming , Pan Er , Liu Zhijun , Yu Jiachen , Hosono Hideo , Liu Fucai
Published: October 2022

Understanding the interplay between magnetic and optoelectronic properties and developing spin‐optoelectronic devices are promising research strategies to further study 2D materials and advance their applications. Here, the broadband photoresponse in the newly synthesized magnetic Fe0.75Ta0.5S2 single crystals is reported. Because the uncompensated magnetic moment of the spin glass state is pinned by the moment of the antiferromagnetic state, a large exchange bias field of ≈1.98 T is found at 2 K when cooled down at a field of 7 T. The as‐prepared samples show a large negative magnetoresistance (nMR). The field dependence of nMRs displays a similar trend up to 50 K, which is likely to originate from the significant dependence of the localization length on magnetic field. In addition, a photodetector prepared using Fe0.75Ta0.5S2 flakes exhibits a fast response time (121.7 ms), good stability, high responsivity of 26.1 A W−1, and broadband photodetection, showing application potentials in spin‐optoelectronics.
2,3‐Diodocarbazoles by a Domino Iodocyclization/Iodo‐Translocation of (3‐Iodoindolyl)butynols
Authors: Martín‐Mejías Irene , Petcu A. Sonia , Alonso José M. , Aragoncillo Cristina , Almendros Pedro
Published: October 2022

A controlled access to 1‐aryl 2,3‐diiodo‐carbazoles involving iodine transposition has been accomplished directly from acyclic precursors. The 2,3‐diiodo‐carbazole core was prone to further chemoselective decoration at C3−I or double difunctionalization.

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Visible‐Light‐Induced Deoxygenative Acylation Aromatization ofp‐Quinone Methides with Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Li Guan‐Nan , Li Hao‐Cong , Wang Meng‐Ru , Lu Zhan , Yu Bing
Published: October 2022

A visible‐light‐induced acylation aromatization ofpara‐quinone methides to access α,α′‐diarylated ketones was realized with cheap and readily available carboxylic acids as acylating reagents via deoxygenation. The synthetic method avoids the tedious preparation of reactants or catalysts and shows a broad substrate scope (34 examples) under mild conditions. Notably, the late‐stage functionalization of some drug molecules could also be achieved via this protocol.

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Interfacial Designing of MnO2 Half‐Wrapped by Aromatic Polymers for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yi , Zhou Rongkun , Song Zhihang , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhang Tao , Zhou Anbin , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie , Li Li
Published: October 2022

Due to the excellent specific capacity and high working voltage, manganese oxide (MnO2) has attracted considerable attention for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). However, the irreversible structural collapse and sluggish ionic diffusion lead to poor rate capability and inferior lifespan. Herein, we proposed a novel organic/inorganic hybrid cathode of carbon‐based poly(4,4′‐oxybisbenzenamine)/MnO2 (denoted as C@PODA/MnO2) for AZIBs. Various in/ex situ analyses and theoretical calculations prove that PODA chains with C=N groups can provide a more active surface/interface for ion/electron mobility and zinc ion storage in the hybrid cathode. More importantly, newly formed Mn−N interfacial bonds can effectively promote ion diffusion and prevent Mn atoms dissolution, enhancing redox kinetics and structural integrity of MnO2. Accordingly, C@PODA/MnO2 cathode exhibits high capacity (321 mAh g−1 or 1.7 mAh cm−2 at 0.1 A g−1), superior rate performance (88 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) and excellent cycling stability over 2000 cycles. Hence, rational interfacial designs shed light on the development of organic/inorganic cathodes for advanced AZIBs.
Activating Nitrogen‐doped Graphene Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts in Acidic Electrolytes using Hydrophobic Cavities and Proton‐conductive Particles
Authors: Singh Santosh K. , Takeyasu Kotaro , Homma Kaito , Ito Shigeharu , Morinaga Takashi , Endo Yuto , Furukawa Moeko , Mori Toshiyuki , Ogasawara Hirohito , Nakamura Junji
Published: October 2022

Although pyridinic‐nitrogen (pyri‐N) doped graphene is highly active for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of fuel cells in alkaline media, the activity critically decreases under acidic conditions. We report on how to prevent the deactivation based on the mechanistic understanding that
governs the ORR kinetics. First, we considered that the deactivation is due to the hydration of pyri‐NH+, leading to a lower shift of the redox potential. Introducing the hydrophobic cavity prevented the hydration of pyri‐NH+ but inhibited the proton transport. We then increased proton conductivity in the hydrophobic cavity by introducing SiO2 particles coated with ionic liquid polymer/Nafion® which kept the high onset potentials with an increased current density even in acidic media.
Advancement of Electrochemical Thermoelectric Conversion with Molecular Technology
Authors: Zhou Hongyao , Inoue Hirotaka , Ujita Mizuha , Yamada Teppei
Published: October 2022

Thermocells are a thermoelectric conversion technology that utilizes the shift in an electrochemical equilibrium arising from a temperature difference. This technology has a long history; however, its low conversion efficiency impedes its practical usage. Recently, an increasing number of reports have shown drastic improvements in thermoelectric conversion efficiency, and thermocells could arguably represent an alternative to solid thermoelectric devices. In this Minireview, we regard thermocells as molecular systems consisting of successive molecular processes responding to a temperature change to achieve energy generation. Various molecular technologies have been applied to thermocells in recent years, and could stimulate diverse research fields, including supramolecular chemistry, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, and solid‐state ionics. These research approaches will also provide novel methods for achieving a sustainable society in the future.
Bimetallic Aluminum‐ and Niobium‐Doped MCM‐41 for Efficient Conversion of Biomass‐Derived 2‐Methyltetrahydrofuran to Pentadienes
Authors: Fan Mengtian , Xu Shaojun , An Bing , Sheveleva Alena M. , Betts Alexander , Hurd Joseph , Zhu Zhaodong , He Meng , Iuga Dinu , Lin Longfei , Kang Xinchen , Parlett Christopher M. A. , Tuna Floriana , McInnes Eric J. L. , Keenan Luke L. , Lee Daniel , Attfield Martin P. , Yang Sihai
Published: October 2022

The production of conjugated C4–C5 dienes from biomass can enable the sustainable synthesis of many important polymers and liquid fuels. Here, we report the first example of bimetallic (Nb, Al)‐atomically doped mesoporous silica, denoted as AlNb‐MCM‐41, which affords quantitative conversion of 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MTHF) to pentadienes with a high selectivity of 91 %. The incorporation of AlIII and NbV sites into the framework of AlNb‐MCM‐41 has effectively tuned the nature and distribution of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites within the structure. Operando X‐ray absorption, diffuse reflectance infrared and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy collectively reveal the molecular mechanism of the conversion of adsorbed 2‐MTHF over AlNb‐MCM‐41. Specifically, the atomically‐dispersed NbV sites play an important role in binding 2‐MTHF to drive the conversion. Overall, this study highlights the potential of hetero‐atomic mesoporous solids for the manufacture of renewable materials.
Formal Cycloadditions Driven by the Homolytic Opening of Strained, Saturated Ring Systems
Authors: Harmata Alexander S. , Roldan B. J. , Stephenson Corey R. J.
Published: October 2022

The field of strain‐driven, radical formal cycloadditions is experiencing a surge in activity motivated by a renaissance in free radical chemistry and growing demand for sp3‐rich ring systems. The former has been driven in large part by the rise of photoredox catalysis, and the latter by adoption of the “Escape from Flatland” concept in medicinal chemistry. In the years since these broader trends emerged, dozens of formal cycloadditions, including catalytic, asymmetric variants, have been developed that operate via radical mechanisms. While cyclopropanes have been studied most extensively, a variety of strained ring systems are amenable to the design of analogous reactions. Many of these processes generate lucrative, functionally decorated sp3‐rich ring systems that are difficult to access by other means. Herein, we summarize recent efforts in this area and analyze the state of the field.
A Cation Concentration Gradient Approach to Tune the Selectivity and Activity of CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Ren Wenhao , Xu Aoni , Chan Karen , Hu Xile
Published: October 2022

The linear scaling relationship of the binding energies of different intermediates limits the catalyst performance in CO2 electroreduction. Here we demonstrate a cation concentration gradient strategy to promote the activity and tune the selectivity of CO2 electroreduction, thereby breaking the scaling relationship. In optimal concentrations of the potassium acetate (KAc) electrolyte, Cu, Ag and In catalysts deliver current densities that are 7.1, 3.2, 2.7 times higher than those obtained in 0.5 M KAc for C2H4, CO, and formate production, respectively. Increasing the concentration of KAc also changes the selectivity from CO to formate on Ag, and from CO to C2 products on Cu. In situ surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy and computational simulations reveal that the binding energies of intermediates are changed at different electrolyte concentrations, which is due to a local electrostatic interaction modulated by potassium cations at the electrode surface.
Dampened Inflammation and Improved Survival After CXCL5 Administration in Murine Lupus via Myeloid and Neutrophil Pathways
Authors: Fan Xiubo , Ng Chin Teck , Guo Dianyang , Lim Frances , Tan Jia Chi , Law Annie , Goh Lim Hee , Poon Zhi Yong , Cheung Alice , Kong Say Li , Tan Michelle , Li Shang , Loh Alwin , James Anne , Lim Tony , Chen Jinmiao , Thumboo Julian , Hwang William , Low Andrea
Published: October 2022

Objective

To determine the efficacy of CXCL5 administration in lupus‐prone MRL/lpr (Faslpr) mice and elucidate its working mechanisms.

Methods

CXCL5 expression in blood (obtained from SLE patients and Faslpr mice) and major internal organs (obtained from Faslpr mice) was examined by Luminex, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescent staining analyses. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed in Faslpr mice and healthy Institute of Cancer Research mice. Efficacy of CXCL5 administration was demonstrated in Faslpr mice, and the working mechanism of CXCL5 treatment was elucidated by flow cytometry, Luminex, and RNA sequencing.

Results

In SLE patients, serum CXCL5 levels were significantly lower than in healthy individuals (P < 0.0001) and negatively correlated with disease activity (P = 0.004). In Faslpr mice, disease severity progressed with age and was negatively associated with plasma CXCL5 levels. Intravenous administration of CXCL5 to Faslpr mice restored endogenous circulatory CXCL5, improved mice survival, and reduced anti–double‐stranded DNA antibodies, proteinuria, lupus nephritis activity and chronicity indices, renal complements, and neutrophil extracellular traps over short‐term (10 weeks) and long‐term (2 years) time periods. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that CXCL5 dictated neutrophil trafficking and suppressed neutrophil activation, degranulation, proliferation, and renal infiltration. Renal and splenic RNA sequencing further showed that CXCL5‐mediated immunomodulation occurred by promoting energy production in renal‐infiltrated immune cells, activating certain T cells, and reducing tissue fibrosis, granulocyte extravasation, complement components, and interferons. Further factorial design results indicated that CXCL5 appears to enhance host tolerability to cyclophosphamide in vulnerable individuals.

Conclusion

We found that serum CXCL5 levels were significantly lower in SLE patients than in healthy individuals and were negatively correlated with disease activity. By administering CXCL5 intravenously in a mouse model of lupus, mouse survival improved, and indices of disease activity reduced significantly. Taken together, these findings indicate CXCL5 administration may represent a novel myeloid/neutrophil‐targeting therapy for SLE.
β‐MnOOH nanoplate‐enhanced chemiluminescence reaction and its application to the determination of amoxicillin and salbutamol sulfate
Authors: Iranifam Mortaza , Feizzadeh Maryam
Published: October 2022

In this research, β‐MnOOH nanoplates (NPLs) were hydrothermally produced and then identified using several spectroscopic methods. The β‐MnOOH NPLs were used to catalyze the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of NaHCO3–H2O2. To validate the capability of the CL reaction for pharmaceutical analysis, the CL reaction of β‐MnOOH NPLs‐NaHCO3‐H2O2 reaction was exploited to develop a new method of measuring antibiotics named amoxicillin (AMX) and salbutamol sulfate (SLB). This method is based on the attenuating β‐MnOOH NPLs‐NaHCO3‐H2O2 CL reaction by the antibiotics. Calibration curves were linear in the range 3.00 × 10−5 to 1.00 × 10−3 mol L−1 for AMX and in the range 1.00 × 10−5 to 1.00 × 10−4 mol L−1 for SLB. The limits of detections obtained using the CL method for AMX and SLB were 8.90 × 10−6 mol L−1 and 5.60 × 10−6 mol L−1, respectively. The relative standard deviations for AMX and SLB, at the 5.00 × 10−5 mol L−1 concentration, were 2.44% and 2.57% (n = 5), respectively. The study of the effect of foreign species showed that the CL method developed has the appropriate selectivity for AMX and SLB. The success of the CL method in actual samples analysis was demonstrated by accurately measuring the selected antibiotics in the pharmaceutical formulations.
Carbon emissions, corporate governance, and hostile takeover threats
Authors: Tanthanongsakkun Suparatana , Kyaw Khine , Treepongkaruna Sirimon , Jiraporn Pornsit
Published: October 2022

Exploiting a unique measure of takeover vulnerability principally based on state legislations, we investigate how corporate carbon reduction efforts are influenced by the takeover market, which is widely regarded as a crucial instrument of external corporate governance. Our results show that more takeover exposure brings about significantly greater efforts to reduce carbon emissions. A rise in takeover susceptibility by one standard deviation improves carbon reduction performance by 12.81%. The findings corroborate the notion that the takeover market, acting as an external governance mechanism, compels managers to adopt policies that benefit shareholders in the long run. Our results imply that carbon emissions are a crucial corporate outcome as it is subject to the pressure from the takeover market. Companies should pay a close attention to this matter. Further analysis robustly validates the results, including propensity score matching, entropy balancing, an instrumental variable analysis, and heteroscedastic identification. Our measure of takeover vulnerability is plausibly exogenous and thus probably reveals a causal effect, rather than a mere association.
Socioeconomic disparities in cancer survival: Relation to stage at diagnosis, treatment, and centralization of patients to accredited hospitals, 2005–2014, Japan
Authors: Odani Satomi , Tabuchi Takahiro , Nakaya Tomoki , Morishima Toshitaka , Nakata Kayo , Kuwabara Yoshihiro , Saito Mari Kajiwara , Ma Chaochen , Miyashiro Isao
Published: October 2022

Background

Cancer survival varies by socioeconomic status in Japan. We examined the extent to which survival disparities are explained by factors relevant to cancer control measures (promoting early‐stage detection, standardizing treatment, and centralizing patients to government‐accredited cancer hospitals [ACHs]).

Methods

From the Osaka Cancer Registry, patients diagnosed with solid malignant tumors during 2005–2014 and aged 15–84 years (N = 376,077) were classified into quartiles using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI). Trends in inequalities were assessed for potentially associated factors: early‐stage detection, treatment modality, and utilization of ACH (for first contact/diagnosis/treatment). 3‐year all‐cause survival was computed by the ADI quartile. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess survival disparities and their trends through a series of adjustment for the potentially associated factors.

Results

During 2005–2014, the most deprived ADI quartile had lower rates than the least deprived quartile for early‐stage detection (42.6% vs. 48.7%); receipt of surgery (58.1% vs. 64.1%); and utilization of ACH (83.5% vs. 88.4%). While rate differences decreased for receipt of surgery and utilization of ACH (Annual Percent Change = −3.2 and − 11.9, respectively) over time, it remained unchanged for early‐stage detection. During 2012–2014, the most deprived ADI quartile had lower 3‐year survival than the least deprived (59.0% vs. 69.4%) and higher mortality (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.32, adjusted for case‐mix): this attenuated with additional adjustment for stage at diagnosis (HR = 1.23); treatment modality (HR = 1.20); and utilization of ACH (HR = 1.19)

Conclusions

Despite improvements in equalizing access to quality cancer care during 2005–2014, survival disparities remained. Interventions to reduce inequalities in early‐stage detection could ameliorate such gaps.
Lipskynoids A–G, New Acyclic Diterpenes from the Flowers ofCarpesium lipskyi
Authors: Zhong Weihong , Li Min , Gu Rui , Ding Rong , Cao Lan , Mu Zejing , Du Xiaolang , Feng Yulin , Wei Rongrui , Zhan Liujuan , Zhong Guoyue
Published: October 2022

Seven new acyclic diterpenes, namely lipskynoids A–G (1–7), were isolated from the flowers ofCarpesium lipskyi, a traditional Tibetan herbal medicine with anti‐inflammatory and antipyretic‐analgesic effects. These new compounds were elucidated by analysis of extensive spectroscopic data including ESI‐MS, 1D, 2D NMR, and DP4+ analyses. Biological assays showed that1–7display significant inhibitory effects against the NO production in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells with its IC50values from 9.9 to 18.47 μM, however, no cytotoxicity effect was observed of these isolates against the growth of HePG2, PC3, DU145, and A549 cells.
Effects of Gly Residue and Cholesterol on the GXXXG‐Mediated Parallel Association of Transmembrane Helices: A Single‐Pair FRET Study
Authors: Yano Yoshiaki , Morise Takayuki , Matsuzaki Katsumi
Published: October 2022

Small residue‐mediated interhelical packing is ubiquitous in helical membrane proteins: however, the lipid dependence of its stability remains unclear. We previously demonstrated that the introduction of a GXXXG sequence in the middle of de novo‐designed (AALALAA)3 helices (AALALAA AGLALGA AALALAA) facilitated their dimerization, which was abolished by cholesterol. Here single‐pair FRET measurements revealed that a longer GXXXGXXXG segment (AALALAA A GLALGA AAGALAA) promoted helix dimerization in POPC/cholesterol bilayers, but not without cholesterol. The predicted dimer structures and degrees of helix packing suggested that helix dimers with small (∼10°) and large (∼55°) crossing angles were only stabilized in POPC and POPC/cholesterol membranes, respectively. A steric hindrance in the dimer interface and the large flexibility of helices prevented the formation of stable dimers. Therefore, amino acid sequences and lipid compositions distinctively constrain stable dimer structures in membranes.
PERFORMANCE 1 study: Novel carotid stent system with integrated post‐dilation balloon and embolic protection device
Authors: Langhoff Ralf , Petrov Ivo , Kedev Sasko , Milosevic Zoran , Schmidt Andrej , Scheinert Dierk , Schofer Joachim , Sievert Horst , Sedgewick Gerald , Saylors Elizabeth , Sachar Ravish , Cremonesi Alberto , Micari Antonio
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The PERFORMANCE I study was designed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the Neuroguard IEP® System, a novel carotid stent system with an integrated embolic filter and post‐dilatation balloon, to treat clinically significant carotid artery stenosis.

Background

The risk of major adverse events during carotid artery stenting is comparable to carotid endarterectomy, however, the risk of minor stroke remains higher with stenting.

Methods

In total, 67 patients undergoing carotid artery stenting were enrolled at nine centers in Europe. Follow‐up assessments included neurological exams, duplex ultrasound, 12‐lead electrocardiogram, and cardiac enzyme analysis. The primary endpoint was the 30‐day composite rate of stroke, death, and myocardial infarctions versus a prespecified performance goal. Secondary endpoints included procedure success, device success, and target lesion revascularization.

Results

The study population was predominantly male (74.6%) with a mean age of 69.3 ± 8.9 years and 67% of subjects met at least one criterion placing them at an elevated risk for adverse events following carotid endarterectomy. All patients were treated successfully with the study device. There were no deaths or strokes within 30 days of the index procedure. One subject (1.5%) experienced a non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction at day 17. The primary endpoint was met with a 30‐day major adverse events rate of 1.5% (1/67). Through 12‐month follow‐up, there were no strokes, neurological deaths, target lesion revascularizations, or instances of in‐stent‐restenosis.

Conclusions

Results from this study demonstrate the Neuroguard IEP system is safe and feasible with a stroke/death rate of 0% at 30 days. A large pivotal study is currently underway.
Single‐access for Impella‐supported percutaneous coronary intervention using a sheathless technique with an 8 Fr guide
Authors: Verreault‐Julien Louis , Shekiladze Nikoloz , Wollmuth Jason , Rinfret Stéphane
Published: October 2022

Complex and higher‐risk indicated percutaneous coronary interventions at times require mechanical circulatory support, most often with Impella devices. The use of such devices traditionally required additional arterial access site(s), increasing risk of vascular complications. The Single‐access for Hi‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention (SHiP) technique was described to overcome this issue but was limited to the use of 7F guides. Larger 8F guides often provide incremental support and space compared to 7F guides, sometimes needed in complex procedures. We described a modified SHiP technique using an 8 Fr guide delivered sheathless using Rotaglide.
Li2Ba4Al2Ta2N8O, the First Barium Nitridoalumotantalate with BCT‐Zeolite Type Structure
Authors: Wimmer Daniel S. , Seibald Markus , Baumann Dominik , Wurst Klaus , Huppertz Hubert
Published: October 2022

Single‐crystals of Li2Ba4Al2Ta2N8O:Eu2+ were synthesized from Ba3N2, Al2O3, Li3N, Eu2O3, and lithium metal by a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction in a weld shut tantalum ampule. The crystal structure of Li2Ba4Al2Ta2N8O was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and it crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnnm (no. 58) with the lattice parameters a=1006.71(3), b=1026.58(3), c=607.10(2) pm, and a volume of V=0.62742(3) nm3. The compound is built up from AlN4 and TaN4 tetrahedra, which form a three‐dimensional network corresponding to the BCT‐zeolite type structure. Li2Ba4Al2Ta2N8O is homeotypic to Li2Sr4Si4N8O and Li2Sr4Al2Ta2N8O but, additionally, it could be successfully doped with the activator ion Eu2+ and hence features an experimental observed overall emission at λmax=565 nm (fwhm=89 nm) consisting of a superposition of two adjusted emission bands at λmax=557 nm (fwhm=69 nm) and at λmax=604 nm (fwhm=102 nm).
PET Imaging of Self‐Assembled 18F‐Labelled Pd2L4 Metallacages for Anticancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Cosialls Raúl , Simó Cristina , Borrós Salvador , Gómez‐Vallejo Vanessa , Schmidt Claudia , Llop Jordi , Cuenca Ana B. , Casini Angela
Published: October 2022

To advance the design of self‐assembled metallosupramolecular architectures as new generation theranostic agents, the synthesis of 18F‐labelled [Pd2L4]4+ metallacages is reported. Different spectroscopic and bio‐analytical methods support the formation of the host‐guest cage‐cisplatin complex. The biodistribution profiles of one of the cages, alone or encapsulating cisplatin have been studied by PET/CT imaging in healthy mice in vivo, in combination to ICP‐MS ex vivo.
Multiply Twisted Chiral Macrocycles Clamped by Tethered Binaphthyls Exhibiting High Circularly Polarized Luminescence Brightness
Authors: Hasegawa Masashi , Hasegawa Chika , Nagaya Yuki , Tsubaki Kazunori , Mazaki Yasuhiro
Published: October 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue are Masashi Hasegawa and co‐workers at Kitasto University and Kyoto Prefectural University. The image depicts the reported multiply twisted chiral macrocycles as objects in a kaleidoscope. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202202218.
A Potent Auto‐Umpolung Ligand for Conjugative Radical Stabilization
Authors: Holthoff Jana M. , Engelage Elric , Ruff Adrian , Galazzo Laura , Bordignon Enrica , Huber Stefan M. , Weiss Robert
Published: October 2022

Carbenes with conjugatively connected redox system act as “auto‐umpolung” ligands. Due to their electronic flexibility, they should also be particularly suitable to stabilize open‐shell species. Herein, the first neutral radical of such sort is described in form of a dialkylamino‐substituted bis(dicyanomethylene)cyclopropanide. Despite the absence of steric shielding, the radical is stable for an extended amount of time and was consequently characterized in solution via EPR measurements. These data and accompanying X‐ray structural analyses indicate that the radical species is in equilibrium with aggregates (formed via π‐stacking) and dimers (obtained via σ‐bond formation between methylene carbons).
Infectious events in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma undergoing evaluation for fever without severe neutropenia
Authors: Patel Pratik A. , DeGroote Nicholas P. , Jackson Kasey , Cash Thomas , Castellino Sharon M. , Jaggi Preeti , Esbenshade Adam J. , Miller Tamara P.
Published: October 2022

Background

Infections cause significant treatment‐related morbidity during pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL/LLy) therapy. Fevers during periods without severe neutropenia are common, but etiologies are not well‐described. This study sought to describe the bloodstream infection (BSI) and non‐BSI risk in children undergoing therapy for ALL/LLy.

Methods

Demographic and clinical data were abstracted for febrile episodes without severe neutropenia at two children's hospitals. Treatment courses were stratified by intensity. Multivariate logistic regression evaluated characteristics associated with infection.

Results

There were 1591 febrile episodes experienced by 524 patients. Of these, 536 (34%) episodes had ≥1 infection; BSI occurred in 30 (1.9%) episodes. No BSIs occurred in episodes with a recent procedural sedation or cytarabine exposure. Presence of hypotension, chills/rigors, higher temperature, and infant phenotype were independently associated with BSI (p < .05). Of the 572 non‐BSIs, the most common was upper respiratory infection (URI) (n = 381, 67%). Compared to episodes without infection, URI symptoms, higher temperature, absolute neutrophil count 500−999/μl, and evaluation during a low‐intensity treatment course were more likely to be associated with a non‐BSI (p < .05) and inpatient status was less likely to be associated with a non‐BSI (p < .05).

Conclusions

The BSI rate in pediatric patients with ALL/LLy and fever without severe neutropenia is low, but one‐third of the time, patients have a non‐BSI. Future research should test if the need for empiric antibiotics can be tailored based on the associations identified in this study.
Morphology and structure of lead‐free CuSb‐based double perovskites for photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Wu Daofu , Tian Changqing , Zhou Jingchen , Huang Yanyi , Lai Junan , Gao Bo , He Peng , Huang Qiang , Tang Xiaosheng
Published: October 2022

Lead‐free halide double perovskites (DPs) have attracted great attention due to their stability, nontoxicity, and good photophysical properties. Herein, environmentally friendly small‐bandgap Cs2CuSbCl6 and Cs4CuSb2Cl12 DPs microcrystals (MCs) are prepared via a solvent synthesis technique. This study also reports a bottom‐up synthetic protocol for obtaining evenly distributed Cs2CuSbCl6 and Cs4CuSb2Cl12 quantum dots (QDs) utilizing a modified hot injection approach. These MCs and QDs have strong absorption throughout the visible region, indicating that they could be promising light‐absorbing materials as sunlight‐driven photocatalysts. For the first time, the efficient sunlight‐driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity of these Pb‐free “green” MCs and QDs has been revealed, and a product yield of 307 μmol g−1 and an electron consumption of 1053 μmol g−1 are achieved by the Cs4CuSb2Cl12 QDs under 3 h irradiation. Our results highlight the potential of this family of materials for photocatalytic applications.
Application of Thermal Spray Coatings in Electrolysers for Hydrogen Production: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Faisal Nadimul Haque , Prathuru Anil , Ahmed Rehan , Rajendran Vinooth , Hossain Mamdud , Venkatachalapathy Viswanathan , Katiyar Nirmal Kumar , Li Jing , Liu Yuheng , Cai Qiong , Horri Bahman Amini , Thanganadar Dhinesh , Sodhi Gurpreet Singh , Patchigolla Kumar , Fernandez Carlos , Joshi Shrikant , Govindarajan Sivakumar , Kurushina Victoria , Katikaneni Sai , Goel Saurav
Published: October 2022

Thermal spray coatings have the advantage of providing thick and functional coatings from a range of engineering materials. The associated coating processes provide good control of coating thickness, morphology, microstructure, pore size and porosity, and residual strain in the coatings through selection of suitable process parameters for any coating material of interest. This review consolidates scarce literature on thermally sprayed components which are critical and vital constituents (e. g., catalysts (anode/cathode), solid electrolyte, and transport layer, including corrosion‐prone parts such as bipolar plates) of the water splitting electrolysis process for hydrogen production. The research shows that there is a gap in thermally sprayed feedstock material selection strategy as well as in addressing modelling needs that can be crucial to advancing applications exploiting their catalytic and corrosion‐resistant properties to split water for hydrogen production. Due to readily scalable production enabled by thermal spray techniques, this manufacturing route bears potential to dominate the sustainable electrolyser technologies in the future. While the well‐established thermal spray coating variants may have certain limitations in the manner they are currently practiced, deployment of both conventional and novel thermal spray approaches (suspension, solution, hybrid) is clearly promising for targeted development of electrolysers.