bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formalizing Informal CALL in Learning English Language Skills
Authors: Razak Norizan Abdul , Yassin Amr Abdullatif , Maasum Tg Nor Rizan Tg Mohamad
Published: November 2019

This chapter aimed at exploring how to formalize informal CALL in learning English language skills. The focus of the study was on learners' ICT skills and learning strategies and CALL elements. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with four learners. The findings showed that adult learners in this age of technology do not need any training to use CALL to study English language. Moreover, adult learners have acquired the learning strategies needed for studying English informally through CALL. In terms of CALL elements, the findings showed that there is a need to integrate the elements of behaviorist CALL, cognitive CALL, and constructivist CALL to make informal CALL more effective. Therefore, the focus should be directed to providing professionally-designed CALL tools that suffice the needs of the learners by those who have educational background about language teaching and learning. This will enhance informal CALL learning and make self-directed learning more efficient.
Social Media Usage in Online Consumer Decision Process and Buying Behaviour
Authors: Andoh-Quainoo Lydia
Published: November 2019

This chapter examines the usage of social media in predicting consumer buying process. A mixed method approach has been applied, a cross sectional survey and in-depth interviews were conducted in three universities in Ghana. The responses were collected from individuals in the age group of 18 -30. Data was analysed using Logistics Regression and Thematic analyses. The findings revealed that the social media behaviour of young consumers could significantly influence their behaviour at the pre-purchase information search and evaluation levels. The findings suggest young consumers are more likely to use social media for marketing activities such as purchasing, hence industries should redirect more activities towards this digital channel. This implies that social media is driving young consumers into e-commerce and that presents a huge opportunity for business and marketers.
Methods of Published Articles on Digital Economy
Authors: Barbieri da Rosa Luciana Aparecida , Martins-Rodrigues Maria Carolina , Pentiado Godoy Tais , Campos Waleska Yone Yamakawa Zavatti , Barbieri Larissa Cristina
Published: November 2019

The digital economy is changing the way business is done and is showing tremendous potential for organisational progress and global influence.As innovative products and service offerings make the world more competitive,if created properly, digital connectivity will be able to provide new business models and faster entries into global markets (Anderson, Wladawsky-Berger,2016).This gives rise to important issues pertaining to consolidation of practices, implementation of relevant issues across global companies, and many more. Appropriate answers can be searched for these questions in the international research databases on the digital economy like Scopus and Web of Science. Research contributions of authors demonstrating scientific completeness are of great important here. Also important are databases that have been adequately cited.
Social Network Sites (SNS) and Their Irrepressible Popularity
Authors: Koç Tuğba , Akbıyık Adem
Published: November 2019

Popularity of social media is increasing day by day and there are thousands of social media platforms on the internet with different features. This chapter discusses the term social media in general and examines its evolution in detail from the beginning of the first e-mail to today. Authors explore the terms pertaining to the domain of Social Network Sites (SNS) which are considered as one of the most used forms of social media. Authors present a discussion about a popular topic “SNS addiction” and examine its characteristics with a brief literature review. Accordingly, despite the fact that excessive use of social network sites cannot be formally accepted as a behavioral addiction; shy and young, extroverted, and neurotic women with no relationship are more likely to develop addictive behaviors towards social media.
The effect of competitive and green marketing strategy on development of SMEs
Authors: Sathana V. , Velnampy T. , Rajumesh S.
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of competitive and green marketing strategy on development of SME in Jaffna district by surveying 302SMEs in Jaffna district. Resource advantage theory of competitions is underpinned to link the marketing strategy and performance development of SMEs. Llittle researches were undertaken into the competitive marketing strategy and green marketing strategy in SMEs in the post war context. The influences of these marketing strategy on the performance of SME is nebulous in the post ear context. Data were collected by using questionnaires from owners of SMEs. Simple random sampling method was applied to select samples for this study. Structural equation method (SEM) was utilized to identify the effect of marketing strategy on the development of SMEs .The findings revealed that competitive marketing strategy significantly influenced on the financial development, customer development and SME development and not significantly influenced on the employee development. Regarding green marketing strategy, it significantly influenced on customer development and employee development not significantly influenced on the financial and SME development. This research suggested that entrepreneurs need to apply these two strategies for the development of SMEs.
Identifying the congruence among the presumed, communicated and perceived brand positioning strategies of Indian automobile brands
Authors: Diwan Saloni Pawan , Bodla B. S.
Published: November 2019

The incidence of congruence among presumed, communicated and perceived positioning strategies off our Indian car brands (WagonR, Santro, Spark and Figo) is examined. The triangulation research methodology (pilot survey, secondary data and content analysis) is applied to examine the three populations (expert views, advertising strategies and consumer perceptions) considered in the study. The results reveal the popularity of two positioning strategies i.e. “Visual Artistic” and “Basic Features” in case of three car brands whereas Figo stands on the positioning of “Cost and Finance.” Regarding the congruence among experts’ presumed strategies and the communication tactics employed by selected car brands, it is observed that all the communicated strategies are not presumed and thus ambiguities prevail in the process. This paper also calls the corporate attention to the fact that even positioning strategies perceived by the customers are not presumed by experts and hence there is need to re-assess the brand positioning strategies to curtail these ambiguities. However, the positioning activities highlighted in communications are successfully recognized by the target customers to some extent. The paper concludes with the discussion on managerial implications and limitations.
An econometric analysis of impacts of exchange rates on imports: an empirical study on Sri Lankan context
Authors: Nisthar S. , Mustafa A. M. M.
Published: November 2019

This study aims to find out the relationship between the trends of various exchange rates and the trend of imports on Sri Lankan empirical context. The quantitative method is used by using the time series data in this study. The annual time series data used in this study are collected from the annual report of Central Bank of Sri Lanka for the time periods from year 1950 to year 2017. The multiple regression model is used to find out the impact of the independent variables such as Indian Rupees, Japanese Yen, Pound Sterling, and US Dollar on the dependent variable such as imports of Sri Lanka. The Granger Causality Test is used to find out the causal relationship among all the variables. The Johansen Co-Integration Test is used to find out long run equilibrium relationship among the variables. Pound Sterling of United Kingdom and Dollar of United Statesare positively impacts on the Imports of Sri Lanka. Indian Rupees and Japanese Yen are inversely associated with the imports. According to the Granger Causality Test, one way causal relationship is found between the currencies such as Indian Rupees, Japanese Yen, Pound Sterling, and US Dollar and the imports. The results of Johansen Co-integration Test vividly ensure the long run equilibrium relationship of the variables and the movement of all the variables together in the long run equilibrium. Paradox is recommended to be named as Import Paradox of Pound- Dollar. The structural breakpoint is found in year 2009 which is the year of cease-fire in Sri Lanka.
What kind of power can build society? A remarkable power play in Susanna
Authors: Cornelius Elma
Published: November 2019

The struggle in Susanna is between the protagonist, Susanna, and the antagonists, namely, the elders. The power struggle between these two groups is the focus of this article. The powers of each are discussed in order to understand the power play. In the end, the power play is between God and evil. It was found that the elders, as men, abused their power by threatening Susanna to have sex with forced consent. In addition, they abused their legal powers to witness against her in court. By contrast, Susanna had no power in public – only limited power as a woman in society and in a marriage. The only power she relied on was her spiritual power because of her faith in God. She trusted God and he protected her by stirring up the spirit of a man named Daniel. Daniel spoke in court on behalf of Susanna. He became an instrument in God’s hands. The article concludes with the statement that only spiritual power can save this world.
‘He Wasn’t Able to Understand What I Was Saying’: The Experiences of Returnees’ Speaking Western Armenian in ‘Eastern’ Armenia
Authors: Karamanian Armen Samuel
Published: November 2019

Since Armenia’s independence in 1991, thousands of diasporans have made the decision to return and settle in the ancestral homeland. The returnees, who speak Western Armenian, one of the two standardised forms of modern Armenian, are switching to the use of Eastern Armenian, the official variant of the homeland. Using two determinants of language perception—standardisation and vitality—this paper analyses the reactions received by thirty returnees who emigrated from nine countries, when speaking Western Armenian to an Eastern Armenian-speaking society. The vitality of the language shows signs of increasing through an encouragement by locals aware of the language’s historical significance, and an admiration of its ‘beauty’ and terminology. A heightened vitality has led returnees to feel confident about its use during social interactions and the possibility of the standard being incorporated into the nation’s linguistic narrative. However, confusion and ridicule due to a differing pronunciation, vocabulary, terminology, and the inability to be understood by some in Armenian society, has led to discomfort by returnees who are shifting to the usage of Eastern Armenian. At present, the use of Western Armenian in the homeland remains within the confines of family, friends and returnee circles. Despite the changing status of Western Armenian through a notable welcoming of the language into the linguistic narrative of the country, some segments of Armenian society do not perceive Western Armenian as an acceptable standard for broader use in Armenian society and national institutions. The homeland’s  inconsistent, and at times questionable, acceptance of the language perpetuates the status quo that Western Armenian remains an unacceptable standard within the homeland and for use only in the diaspora.
Formation mechanisms of atmospheric nitrate and sulfate during the
winter haze pollution periods in Beijing: gas-phase, heterogeneous
and aqueous-phase chemistry
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Ye Can , Xue Chaoyang , Zhang Chenglong , Mu Yujing , Sun Xu
Published: November 2019

Abstract. A vast area in China is currently going through severe haze episodes with drastically elevated concentrations of PM2.5 in winter. Nitrate and sulfate are main constituents of PM2.5 but their formations via NO2 and SO2 oxidation are still not comprehensively understood, especially under different pollution or atmospheric relative humidity (RH) conditions. To elucidate formation pathways of nitrate and sulfate in different polluted cases, hourly samples of PM2.5 were collected continuously in Beijing during the wintertime of 2016. Three serious pollution cases were identified reasonably during the sampling period and the secondary formations of nitrate and sulfate were found to make a dominant contribution to atmospheric PM2.5 under the relatively high RH condition. The significant correlation between NOR and NO2 × O3 during the nighttime under the RH ≥ 60 % condition indicated that the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 involving aerosol liquid water was responsible for the nocturnal formation of nitrate at the extremely high RH levels. The more coincident trend of NOR and HONO × DR (direct radiation) × NO2 than Dust × NO2 during the daytime under the 30 % < RH < 60 % condition provided convincing evidence that the gas-phase reaction of NO2 with OH played a pivotal role in the diurnal formation of nitrate at moderate RH levels. The extremely high mean values of SOR during the whole day under the RH ≥ 60 % condition could be ascribed to the evident contribution of SO2 aqueous-phase oxidation to the formation of sulfate during the severe pollution episodes. Based on the parameters measured in this study and the known sulfate production rate calculation method, the oxidation pathway of H2O2 rather than NO2 was found to contribute greatly to the aqueous-phase formation of sulfate.
The influence of the baseline drift on the resulting extinction values of a CAPS PMex
Authors: Pfeifer Sascha , Müller Thomas , Freedman Andrew , Wiedensohler Alfred
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The effect of the baseline drift on the resulting extinction values of three CAPS PMex monitors with different wavelengths and the respective correlation with NO2 was analysed for an urban background station. A drift of more than 0.8 Mm−1 min−1 was observed for ambient air, with high probability caused by traffic emissions driven changes in carrier gas composition. The baseline drift leads to characteristic measurement artefacts for particle extinction. Artificial particle extinction values of approximately 4 Mm−1 where observed using a baseline period of 5 min. These values can be even higher for longer baseline periods. A new method is shown to minimize this effect. Modified continuous baseline values are calculated in a post-processing step using cubic smoothing splines. With this approach the extinction artefacts are diminished and the effective scattering of the resulting extinction values is reduced by about 50 %.
GRUN: an observation-based global gridded runoff dataset from 1902 to 2014
Authors: Ghiggi Gionata , Humphrey Vincent , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Gudmundsson Lukas
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Freshwater resources are of high societal relevance, and understanding their
past variability is vital to water management in the context of ongoing
climate change. This study introduces a global gridded monthly
reconstruction of runoff covering the period from 1902 to 2014. In situ
streamflow observations are used to train a machine learning algorithm that
predicts monthly runoff rates based on antecedent precipitation and
temperature from an atmospheric reanalysis. The accuracy of this
reconstruction is assessed with cross-validation and compared with an
independent set of discharge observations for large river basins. The
presented dataset agrees on average better with the streamflow observations
than an ensemble of 13 state-of-the art global hydrological model runoff
simulations. We estimate a global long-term mean runoff of 38 452 km3 yr−1 in agreement with previous assessments. The temporal coverage of
the reconstruction offers an unprecedented view on large-scale features of
runoff variability in regions with limited data coverage, making it an
ideal candidate for large-scale hydro-climatic process studies, water
resource assessments, and evaluating and refining existing hydrological
models. The paper closes with example applications fostering the
understanding of global freshwater dynamics, interannual variability,
drought propagation and the response of runoff to atmospheric
teleconnections. The GRUN dataset is available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9228176
(Ghiggi et al.,
2019).
Diplomacia de las muñecas japonesas en los siglos XIX y XX: prensa, intercambios y exposiciones
Authors: Gutiérrez Montañés María
Published: November 2019

Muchos han sido los momentos de encuentro entre Japón y España, así como los objetos testigo de estas relaciones que este 2018 cumplen 150 años. Entre tales objetos, se encuentran las muñecas tradicionales niponas que fueron exportadas a España ya desde los períodos Meiji (1868-1912) y Taishō (1912-1926) y que hoy forman parte de los fondos de distintas colecciones públicas y privadas de nuestro país.

Dejando aparte su coleccionismo, es objetivo de este articulo esbozar la historia de la presencia de estas de piezas en nuestro país a través de las noticias que nos brindan las revista ilustradas y la prensa española a lo largo estos 150 años de relaciones, tratando aspectos como intercambios, notas de prensa acerca de la historia y procedencia de estas piezas y textos que aluden a exposiciones; ya que las fuentes mencionadas nos informan de que las muñecas niponas han sido recurrentes en muestras desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad, así como objeto de interés y estudio por parte de artículos y reportajes.

Por otro lado, y en relación con esta presencia, incluimos también algunos intercambios, la mayoría de ellos pertenecientes a una vertiente diplomática, aunque citaremos otros ejemplos anecdóticos e igualmente interesantes. Como piedra angular, definimos el caso de las Friendship Dolls y el intercambio que tuvo lugar entre Japón y Estados Unidos para hablar de casos mucho más cercanos que van desde la boda del príncipe Chichibu hasta el hermanamiento de Pamplona con Yamaguchi, todo ello con estas piezas presentes.
A Conversation with Amiri Baraka: Politics, Class Struggle and Black Culture (January 5, 1996)—A Retro-engagement
Authors: Brown Scot
Published: November 2019

In 1996 Scot Brown interviewed the prolific twentieth and twenty-first century writer, scholar and activist Amiri Baraka (formerly known as LeRoi Jones). Their dialogue focused on a crucial period in the history of the Black Arts and Black Power movements, between the latter 1960s and early-1970s. During that period Baraka’s organization, Committee For a Unified Newark (CFUN), participated in an alliance of Black cultural nationalist organizations that was heavily influenced by Maulana Karenga, chairman of the Us Organization. Karenga was a self-identified cultural nationalist theoretician and activist who formulated the concept of Kawaida (tradition and reason). The seven-day holiday known as Kwanzaa is the most well-known example of Kawaida in the form of a cultural practice. This interview highlights the political dimensions Baraka’s alliance with cultural nationalist leaders and organizations. From 1968 through 1972 Baraka drew on Karenga’s organizing strategies but subsequent experiences led him to reassess cultural nationalism. Brown’s interview, then, focuses on a significant transitional period in Baraka’s career when he, through praxis, became critical of cultural nationalism and moved toward a Marxist-Leninist-Maoist ideology of revolutionary change.
Jejunal Lesion Identified at a Previous Anastomosis Site in a Dog Using Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: Grimes Millie , Cohen Todd , Pomrantz Jill S.
Published: November 2019

A 3 yr old spayed female French bulldog was evaluated for a progressive regenerative anemia of unknown origin that was unresponsive to empiric immunosuppressive and gastroprotective therapy. The patient had a history of previous resection and anastomosis of a small intestinal diverticulum ∼2 yr prior to evaluation for her anemia. Capsule endoscopy revealed a focal abnormality in the distal jejunum at the site of a previous bowel resection and anastomosis. This lesion was suspected to be the cause of ongoing gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia. Exploratory laparotomy combined with endoscopy was performed to further investigate and localize the jejunal lesion. The lesion was resected, and a primary end-to-end jejunal anastomosis was performed. Histopathology of the specimen revealed jejunal suture granulomas with focal ulceration. The patient recovered well from surgery with significant improvement of the anemia and resolution of clinical signs at recheck examinations 1 and 2 wk postoperatively. Complete resolution of the anemia was noted at a 6 wk follow-up. The case report demonstrates how, in cases of unknown causes of anemia, capsule endoscopy is a noninvasive method of identifying the presence of gastrointestinal bleeding as a result of lesions that might otherwise not be detectable with abdominal ultrasound or conventional endoscopy. The report also documents a long-term complication to a resection and anastomosis surgery.
Parotid Duct Ectasia in a Dog
Authors: Han Hyun-Jung , Mann F.A. , Yoon Hun-Young
Published: November 2019

A 3yr old spayed female Brittany was referred with a cylindrical mass on the right side of her face. Three months earlier, a small stone embedded in the right parotid duct was noted and removed through a ductal incision by the referring veterinarian. At referral, the dog’s general physical condition was normal except for a cylindrical mass on the right cheek. Skull radiographs showed a possibly retained sialolith or dystrophic mineralization within the previous surgical site. Aspiration of the mass yielded a thick, yellow/tan, mucopurulent fluid. Cytology of the fluid demonstrated degenerative neutrophils without bacteria. The cylindrical mass was excised with a carbon dioxide laser. The caudal end of the mass was connected to the parotid salivary gland and the rostral one-third of the mass tapered to a point. The caudal end of the mass was ligated with 3-0 polydioxanone and excised immediately rostral to the ligation. Histopathology revealed that the mass was parotid duct ectasia. The dog completely recovered with some mild temporary facial paresis and had no recurrence of parotid duct ectasia at 4 mo follow-up. The case report describes a dog with an unusual parotid salivary duct ectasia caused by parotid duct sialolith removal.
Thyroid Carcinoma in a 13-Year-Old Bengal
Authors: Watson Mallory , Perry Benjamin S.
Published: November 2019

A 13 yr old male neutered Bengal cat was evaluated for a ventral cervical swelling, occasional vomiting, and decreased energy. Serum biochemistry, complete blood count, and physical examination were unremarkable apart from the cervical swelling. Serosanguinous fluid was drained from the cyst-like structure; however, the mass returned. Computed tomographic imaging revealed a large rounded-to-oval–shaped cystic structure in the region of the right thyroid gland with no obvious metastatic changes to the pulmonary parenchyma. The mass was surgically excised, and the tissues were histologically consistent with thyroid carcinoma. No evidence of recurrence or metastasis was present 6 mo postoperatively. Thyroid carcinomas are rarely reported in domestic cats; consequently, there is little research available on the topic. Until more research is made available, veterinarians may look to information available in canine literature to guide their treatment plans, but no definitive statements regarding therapy and ultimate prognosis can be made.
Transdiaphragmatic Gastrotomy for the Extraction of Distal Esophageal Foreign Bodies in 13 Dogs (1997–2016)
Authors: Delligianni Anna , Papazoglou Lysimachos G. , Savvas Ioannis , Kazakos Georgios , Patsikas Michail , Tsioli Vassiliki , Chatzimisios Kyriakos , Angellou Vasileia , Liakouras Styliani , Rallis Timoleon
Published: November 2019

The records of 13 dogs with distal esophageal foreign body obstruction not amenable to endoscopic management that had transdiaphragmatic gastrotomy (TG) for the foreign body extraction were reviewed. West Highland white terriers were over-represented. Mean age of the dogs at presentation was 38.6 mo, and mean duration of clinical signs associated with esophageal foreign bodies was 5.8 days. A TG was performed via an eighth or ninth left intercostal thoracotomy, and clinical results were successful in 12 dogs. In 1 dog, gastrotomy failed to retrieve a foreign body and esophagotomy was performed. Foreign bodies that were removed included 3 fishhooks and 10 animal bones. Postoperatively, all dogs developed esophagitis, 1 dog showed esophageal stricture, and 1 dog died of pyothorax associated with esophageal perforation 1 day postsurgery. Overall, 12 dogs survived and were free of clinical signs after a median follow-up time of 17 mo. TG is an effective surgical technique for the retrieval of distal esophageal foreign bodies.
I Prefer My Own Ways to Acquire My English Speaking Skills: A Grounded Research
Authors: Arung Fernandes , Rafli Zainal , Dewanti Ratna
Published: November 2019

Formal educational practitioners tend to neglect the students’ sense of liking; we labled as Preferent learning, in order to acquire certain skill in the learning foreign language, especially speaking skills. In general, so far, issues of formal learning with the focus on bounded academic rules, cognition, and motivation have been used as the main basis for the learning foreign language and even learning in general. In fact, the individual learning, language community, social change, and sopihisticated technology need to be considered in how students acquire the skills they want based on their preferences. By investigating how the University students in Kolaka learned and improved their English speaking skills, we applied a Grounded study that involved 10 informants who were the students and alumni of the English Language Education Study Program of the University X in Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. All data were collected 12 times in 3 stages then were analyzed using three steps of Strauss and Corbin's analysis that applied theoretical sampling and constant comparison in generating the substantive theory. The findings revealed that the informants acquired the English speaking skills because of a sense of liking or preference toward any topic to learn. Further, they prefer to learn in an unpredictable ways without any rules and an informal self-evaluation were applied as a way in sustaining the skills.
Study of Corpus’ Influences in EAP Research (2009-2018): A Bibliometric Analysis in CiteSpace
Authors: He Chunyan , Wei Xueyan
Published: November 2019

Using 328 papers published in SSCI (Social Science Citation Index) journals from the Web of Science between 2009 and 2018, this study analyzed corpus’ influences in EAP (English for Academic Purposes) research with mapping knowledge domains CiteSpace. This study found that the relationship between international EAP studies and corpus tends to increasingly tight in the past ten years. Corpus in EAP study mainly acts as the methodology that EAP is studied by means of self-building or existing corpora using retrieval software together with statistical analysis method. International scholars pay more attention to writing teaching, academic literacy and discourse/discourse analysis in EAP study, and the co-cited references mostly tend to the genres study of EAP.
Evaluating the Use of Pictograms for the Improvement in Patient Understanding of Medication Instruction–A Pilot Study
Authors: Hanslo Dominique , Perumal-Pillay Velisha Ann , Suleman Fatima
Published: November 2019

The first step in ensuring patient compliance is to ensure that the patient understands how to use their medication. The aim of the study was to determine if patients understanding of medication use can be improved by using pictograms. A simple randomized control test was set up whereby 50 patients were selected to participate, of which 25 people were included in the test group to receive medication labels based on pictograms as well as the usual counselling and 25 people were included in the control group and received the usual labelling of their medication and counselling. Questionnaires were used to determine the patient’s demographic information and health literacy on the day of inclusion into the study, while another questionnaire was completed 3 to 7 days later to determine patient understanding of how to use their medication and if they used their medication correctly. At a 95% confidence interval and p<0.05 there is a relationship between improved understanding and the use of pictograms. Pictograms improve patient’s understanding of how to use their medication, which in turn lead to an improvement in adherence.
Research on the Relationship Between Job Competence and Job Well-Being in Service Industry—Based on the Mediating Effect of Job Insecurity
Authors: Diao Yan-Hua , Chen Chun-Shuo
Published: November 2019

This paper takes 328 questionnaires of supervisors and employees in the service industry as samples and verifies the mechanism of the relationship between job competence and job well-being from the perspective of mediating effect of job insecurity and moderating effect of perceived organizational support. The results show that job competence has a significant positive impact on job well-being, the stronger job competence is, and the higher job well-being will be. And the positive effect of job competence on job well-being is mediated by job insecurity. Job competence has a positive effect on job insecurity, job insecurity has a significant negative effect on job well-being，and perceived organizational support moderates the relationship between job insecurity and job well-being, with the increase of perceived organizational support, the negative influence of job insecurity on job well-being decreased. It provides new ideas for the service industry to strengthen care and support for employees to reduce job insecurity, improve employee happiness and motivate employees.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Brand Equity in Mexican Small Firms
Authors: Maldonado-Guzman Gonzalo , Pinzón-Castro Sandra Yesenia , Cuevas-Pichardo Lucero Jazmín
Published: November 2019

Corporate social responsibility is a topic that has generally been analyzed and discussed in large national and transnational companies, and relatively few studies have been oriented in small and medium-sized enterprises, even though theoretical and empirical evidence has been provided that small businesses also carry out social responsibility activities. Likewise, brand equity has been scarcely related to corporate social responsibility, and there are few studies published in the current marketing literature that relate these two important constructs. Therefore, using a sample of 300 small firms and applying a structural equations model of second order, which allows to know in greater depth the relationship between corporate social responsibility and brand equity, the essential objective of this empirical study is the analysis and discussion of the effects of corporate social responsibility on the level of brand equity of small firms. The results obtained show that corporate social responsibility has a significant positive effect on the level of brand equity of small firms.
Achiever of Higher Self: A Humanistic Study of Celie’s Character in the Novel, Color Purple
Authors: Sardar Qurratulain , Memon Rafique A.
Published: November 2019

A. Maslow in his book Motivation and Personality (1954) presents the five-stage hierarchy Model, emphasizes on the fulfilment of needs to achieving higher self. Based on textual analysis, the study demonstrates how the protagonist Celie, from the novel Color Purple written by Alice Walker, follows the gratification of needs in edict to connect the higher self. The evolution of character’s personality has been appraised thoroughly at each level, gives an equal attentive of new visions into her conduct and relationships with other characters. The Colloquial African-American dialect of the text is taken metaphorically, formulates the scarcity of needs created by external milieu. It is inimitably distinguished to identify the one of the major forces after her unusual, capricious and incoherent behaviors are usual social human drives.
Liu Estimator in Semiparametric Partially Linear Varying Coefficient Models
Authors: Li Jing , Li Xueyan
Published: November 2019

This paper considers biased estimation for partially linear varying coefficient model to overcome the problem of multicollinearity. By the Liu estimation approach, we construct a profile Liu estimator for the constant coefficients. Furthermore, a restricted profile-Liu estimator is proposed for the situation that some additional linear restrictions are available. The properties of the proposed estimators are investigated.
Numerical Study of Spurious Inertial Modes in Shallow Water Models for a Variable Bathymetry
Authors: SITIONON Gossouhon , COULIBALY Adama , ADOU Jérome Kablan
Published: November 2019

In this study we perform a modal analysis of the linear inviscid shallow water equations using a non constant bathymetry, continuous and discontinuous Galerkin approximations. By extracting the discrete eigenvalues of the resulting algebraic linear system written on the form of a generalized eigenvalue / eigenvector problem we first show that the regular variation of the bathymetry does not prevent the presence of spurious inertial modes when centered finite element pairs are used. Secondly, we show that such spurious modes are not present in discontinuous Galerkin discretizations when all variables are approximated in the same descrete space. Such spurious inertial modes have been found very damageable for the quality of inertia-gravity and Rossby modes in ocean modelling.
Consumers Trust, Privacy and Security Issues on Mobile Commerce Websites
Authors: ahmad mahmoud Mohammad awni , khrais laith Talal , alolayan Rasha mohammad , alkaabi Asyah muzahim , Al- suwaidi Sara qasem , Alghamdi Bushra Abdulmohsin , Aljuwaie Hadeel Fouad
Published: November 2019

The proliferation of mobile devices and the increased adoption of the internet across the globe has led to the rise of m-commerce. reports highlight that in spite of the different advancements in the technology, trust in the platform is still a significant hindrance to its adoption. Consequently, the current study seeks to identify privacy and security issues affecting m-commerce users of three shopping sites: Amazon, Alibaba and eBay. The aim here is to develop recommendations that mitigate these challenges. The expected output of the study is an anticipation for insights regarding user perspectives on trust in m-commerce and as a result, contribute to existent knowledge in the area benefitting regulatory bodies and online vendors.
Zaken oplossen met behulp van de DNA-databank: een pleidooi voor een brede inhoudelijke discussie over de voorgenomen wijziging van de Wet DNA-V
Authors: Goos M. , Stevens L.
Published: November 2019

Zaken oplossen met behulp van de DNA-databank: een pleidooi voor een brede inhoudelijke discussie over de voorgenomen wijziging van de Wet DNA-V

Op grond van de Wet DNA-onderzoek bij veroordeelden (Wet DNA-V) worden DNA-celmateriaal en DNA-profielen van veroordeelden bewaard. Omdat sommige veroordeelden onvindbaar blijken voor de afname van hun celmateriaal zal vermoedelijk de wet worden aangepast opdat conservatoire afname mogelijk wordt. DNA wordt dan reeds afgenomen tijdens het opsporingsonderzoek maar pas verwerkt na veroordeling. Deze bijdrage plaatst de discussie over de juridische en praktische houdbaarheid van de conservatoire afname in een breder perspectief, namelijk die van de oorspronkelijke doelstellingen van de Wet DNA-V en de vraag naar de mogelijkheden van het afnemen én het reeds verwerken van DNA-celmateriaal tijdens het opsporingsonderzoek.
Libro álbum y formación básica docente. Un estudio de caso en la Universidad del Quindío
Authors: Valencia Leguizamón Mariana , Real Mercadal María Neus
Published: November 2019

El artículo presenta una investigación con estudiantes de magisterio de la Universidad del Quindío (Colombia) para contrastar sus saberes y estrategias lectoras frente a un álbum ilustrado antes y después de un curso sobre este tipo de libros. Los datos, recogidos mediante dos comentarios de Un día diferente para el señor Amos, se analizan a partir de categorías que corresponden a los aspectos literarios característicos de los libros álbum con presencia relevante en la obra de Philip C. Stead y Erin E. Stead. Los resultados muestran que una formación básica docente focalizada en los conocimientos y las habilidades que reclama la lectura de álbumes revierte en un incremento significativo de la competencia literaria de los futuros maestros, si bien habría que profundizar especialmente en la lectura de imágenes, el libro como objeto y sus convenciones y posibles subversiones.
Las formas de incorporar la orientación a la práctica educativa en la investigación sobre didáctica de la literatura
Authors: Margallo Ana María
Published: November 2019

Este artículo se centra en las marcas que deja en la investigación en didáctica de la literatura la orientación hacia las prácticas de enseñanza que caracteriza la disciplina y en las vías que adopta la producción divulgativa para transferir los resultados de la investigación a la comunidad educativa. Para ello, utiliza como referente las producciones de GRETEL, grupo de investigación consolidado que, bajo la dirección de Teresa Colomer, ha equilibrado las dimensiones de la investigación y de la práctica a lo largo de su trayectoria. La caracterización de la huella que deja en las investigaciones su anclaje y proyección en la enseñanza se organiza a partir de dos objetos de estudio, la literatura infantil y juvenil y la didáctica de la literatura. Los resultados de esta recapitulación muestran los distintos niveles en que se incorpora la proyección didáctica a las investigaciones, bien a través de la perspectiva adoptada, bien a través de la elaboración de constructos teóricos o instrumentos didácticos que dan respuesta a las necesidades de enseñanza de la literatura. El rastreo de la producción divulgativa ilustra la diversidad de vías que refuerzan el impacto del resultado de las investigaciones en la formación docente
Recepcja Jane Austen w polskojęzycznym Internecie na przykładzie stron internetowych poświęconych pisarce
Authors: Szczepkowska Ewa
Published: November 2019

The subject of the article is the reception of Jane Austen in the sphere of e-culture – its fragment connected to websites and discussion forums concerning the writer. The phenomenon of “Austen mania” starts in Poland mainly because of the popularity of the movies based on Jane Austen prose. These sites and forums played not only a popularizing role, spreading the knowledge about the writers’ biography, work, film adaptations, or Regency, but they also grouped the society of fans who felt the need of being close to the other readers of Austen and some virtual companion in a feminine sphere created by numerous, common interpretation of the behaviour of the heroes of her prose, and also fans’ creativity in the area of gadgets, Regency costumes and literary tourism. The other form of activity is fan fiction, slightly represented on the forums and sites, especially in the comparison to fan fiction around the work of Austen in the English-speaking circle. They are most frequently the translations from The Republic of Pemberley, not prepared, unfinished, fragmentated, or personal attempts of a romance kind, in a style of Harlequin literature and a sentimental tone.
Rechtsdurchsetzung durch Informationstechnik
Authors: Bernzen Anna K. , Kehrberger Roman F.
Published: November 2019

Schon heute werden bestimmte Rechte und Pflichten mithilfe der Informationstechnik automatisiert durchgesetzt. Eine umfassende Debatte über die Implikationen, die dies für das Recht hat, blieb bislang aber weitgehend aus. Der vorliegende Beitrag will hierzu einen Impuls geben. Zu diesem Zweck enthält er eingangs einen Überblick über die aktuellen und potentielle künftige Einsatzgebiete der Informationstechnik zur Durchsetzung des Rechts. Anschließend wird dargestellt, inwiefern das Recht der Nutzung der Informationstechnik zu diesem Zweck Grenzen setzt. Darauf basierend wird schließlich ein Vorschlag für den künftigen Umgang mit der Rechtsdurchsetzung durch Informationstechnik gemacht.
Ansätze für das Konfliktmanagement im agilen Umfeld
Authors: Engler Karsten , Heitmann Hendrik
Published: November 2019

Innerbetriebliche Konflikte und entsprechendes Konflikt(lösungs)management müssen immer im Kontext des betrieblichen Umfeldes gesehen werden. Die agile Arbeitsweise erhöht die Bedeutung des internen Konfliktmanagements, da sie in der Regel mit einem für die Beteiligten ungewohnt hohen Maß an Selbstorganisation der Teams einhergeht. Dies ist häufig mit »Reibung« im Teambildungsprozess, in der intensiven inhaltlichen Auseinandersetzung für das bestmögliche Ergebnis und bei Feedbackprozessen verbunden. Wird diese Arbeitsweise auch strukturell abgebildet, kommen zusätzlich Konfliktpotenziale durch Rollenänderung auf Seiten der Führungskräfte hinzu. Mediation und ihre Techniken können beim Umgang mit diesen Konflikten sowohl auf dem Weg in die neue Organisation als auch im Zielbild eine prominente Rolle spielen. Beispielhaft wird dies anhand der agilen Organisationsstruktur der Commerzbank AG und ihres Go-Live zum 1. Juli 2019 dargestellt.
Teufelskreisläufe und Beziehungsdynamiken
Authors: Küppers Jan-Philipp
Published: November 2019

Die Polizei ist für die Aufrechterhaltung der Sicherheit und Ordnung zuständig. In diesem Beitrag steht die sicherheitsrelevante Kommunikation im Arbeitsumfeld der Polizei im Fokus. Jan-Philipp Küppers wirft mithilfe des Kommunikationsquadrats nach Schulz von Thun einen Blick auf selbstverstärkende Konflikt- und Beziehungsdynamiken und erklärt zu welchen zwischenmenschlichen Teufelskreisen kommunikative Eigenarten führen können. Für ein nachhaltiges polizeiliches Konfliktmanagement ist die selbstreflexive Haltung über die eigene Kommunikation unerlässlich. Zwischenmenschliche Kommunikationsprozesse achtsam und zuverlässig zu gestalten, ist eine fortwährende Herausforderung für die Polizei.
Wie Kulturtransformation in Organisationen gestaltet werden kann
Authors: Ballreich Rudi
Published: November 2019

Many change processes in organizations fail or have only limited success because leaders and staff are unable to develop the necessary new attitudes and values. Therefore, a central question in many organizations is how a transformation of organizational culture can be successful. This article describes proven approaches and methods that can effect a profound change in organizational culture. Edgar Schein’s model of cultural transformation plays an important role. He directs the focus to the unconsciously acting basic assumptions and hidden rules of the organization. This deep layer of culture has evolved throughout the history of the organization. Over time it has become self-evident and unconscious. The processes of cultural transformation is about unlearning negative old cultural patterns and learning new ones. Releasing old patterns creates uncertainty and anxiety. Learning new things is only possible when save spaces emerge in which people can engage in new experiences. Very special about the described approach is to work on these unconsciously acting cultural patterns and linking them to all levels of the organization, e.g. structures, roles, and work processes. Still, the focus remains on the people. Only if they are constantly able to behave and act within the patterns of the new culture, a cultural transformation is successful. This article aims to give change agents, leaders, and consultants ideas on how to understand and shape profound cultural transformation processes.
Die Körbe-Methode zur wirksamen Themensammlung für die Konfliktbearbeitung im betrieblichen Kontext
Authors: Baumann-Habersack Frank H.
Published: November 2019

Um bei der Bearbeitung von Konflikten im betrieblichen Umfeld die wirklich zentralen Themen der Konfliktparteien effizienter herauszuarbeiten, sei es als Führungskraft1 oder Mediator, bietet sich die 3+1-Körbe-Methode an. Sie unterstützt einerseits die notwendige Ventilfunktion, so dass sich die Konfliktparteien wechselseitig in ihrer emotionalen Betroffenheit gesehen fühlen, andererseits sorgt sie durch eine geführt-strukturierte Themenfindung dafür, affektregulierend zentrale von weniger zentralen Streitpunkten zu unterscheiden und in einen Bearbeitungsprozess zu überführen.
The Court of Justice of the Economic Community of West African States as a Constitutional Court
Authors: Bado Kangnikoé
Published: November 2019

One of the major innovations made by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is the unequivocal granting of a supranational role to the Court of Justice of the organisation. However, its human rights mandate has led to real and potential tensions within the ECOWAS legal order.
The tensions stem from the legal force of judgments of constitutional courts of member states and the admissibility of individual petitions before the Court. This work identifies some deficiencies in the current regime of the human rights mandate of the Court. Gaps exist at the level of the member states’ constitutional order, as well as at the community level. The supranational competence of the jurisdiction must be implemented by the possibility of ordering concrete measures to be taken by states for the reparation of human rights violations. Innovative solutions are suggested in this work in order to fill procedural and substantial gaps in the protection system established in West Africa.
Der Rechtsanwalt als Aufsichtsratsmitglied
Authors: Bühren Lars Frederik
Published: November 2019

This study examines the work of lawyers on supervisory boards in public limited companies. It is the first to investigate all the relevant legal issues in this respect, particularly with regard to consultancy agreements, from both a stock corporation law and a professional law perspective, the latter of which has been neglected in the academic debate on this subject to date.
Firstly, the author presents the particular demands on lawyers on supervisory boards in detail before focusing on consultancy agreements according to § 114 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG). In addition to examining the requirements for drafting such agreements, he discusses, among other things, both the approval procedure in this respect and how framework contracts are dealt with, critically questioning jurisprudential positions and developing practical solutions. Moreover, he analyses all the constellations in which the scope of application of § 114 of the AktG could be broadened from both a stock corporation law and a professional law perspective.