bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparison of area level and unit level small area models in the presence of linkage errors
Authors: Consiglio Loredana Di , Tuoto Tiziana
Published: September 2020

In Official Statistics, interest in data integration has grown enormously, but the effect of integration procedures on statistical analysis has not yet been sufficiently developed. Data integration is not an error-free procedure and linkage errors, as false links and missed links can invalidate standard estimates. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the effect of linkage errors on the statistical analyses and on statistical predictions.

Recently, methods to adjust the unit level small area estimators for linkage errors have been proposed when the domains are correctly specified. In this paper we compare the na¨ıve and the adjusted unit level estimators with the area level estimators that are not affected by the linkage errors. The comparison encourages the use of the adjusted unit level estimator.
Confidence bands for a distribution function with merged data from multiple sources
Authors: Saegusa Takumi
Published: September 2020

We consider nonparametric estimation of a distribution function when data are collected from multiple overlapping data sources. Main statistical challenges include (1) heterogeneity of data sets, (2) unidentified duplicated records across data sets, and (3) dependence due to sampling without replacement from a data source. The proposed estimator is computable without identifying duplication but corrects bias from duplicated records. We show the uniform consistency of the proposed estimator over the real line and its weak convergence to a Gaussian process. Based on these asymptotic properties, we propose a simulation-based confidence band that enjoys asymptotically correct coverage probability. The finite sample performance is evaluated through a simulation study. A Wilms tumor example is provided.
Applying data synthesis for longitudinal business data across three countries
Authors: Jahangir Alam M. , Dostie Benoit , Drechsler Jörg , Vilhuber Lars
Published: September 2020

Data on businesses collected by statistical agencies are challenging to protect. Many businesses have unique characteristics, and distributions of employment, sales, and profits are highly skewed. Attackers wishing to conduct identification attacks often have access to much more information than for any individual. As a consequence, most disclosure avoidance mechanisms fail to strike an acceptable balance between usefulness and confidentiality protection. Detailed aggregate statistics by geography or detailed industry classes are rare, public-use microdata on businesses are virtually inexistant, and access to confidential microdata can be burdensome. Synthetic microdata have been proposed as a secure mechanism to publish microdata, as part of a broader discussion of how to provide broader access to such data sets to researchers. In this article, we document an experiment to create analytically valid synthetic data, using the exact same model and methods previously employed for the United States, for data from two different countries: Canada (Longitudinal Employment Analysis Program (LEAP)) and Germany (Establishment History Panel (BHP)). We assess utility and protection, and provide an assessment of the feasibility of extending such an approach in a cost-effective way to other data.
Will COVID-19 Reverse the Gains Made in Occupational Health and Safety in the Mining Sector in South Africa?
Authors: Atud Vivian
Published: September 2020

This paper reviews the possible impact of the Corona Virus (COVID-19) pandemic on the Mining and Mineral Industry (MMI) in South Africa. It examines the possible impact of COVID-19on the industry milestones on Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) agreed at the industry tripartite summit in 2014 which had ambitious targets of reaching zero harm in the industry and minimising occupational diseases by 2024. The paper used secondary data from the department of mineral resources. The analysis showed that (1) the industry has already missed some of the industry milestones towards the 2024 targets such as zero fatalities by 2020 and many other targets in health are also lagging behind. (2). PTB remains the dominant occupational diseases in the mining sector in South Africa constituting about 50% of major occupational diseases in the sector. (3) COVID-19 Positive continue to increase in the sector and it is being seen as a new epicentre for COVID-19 in the country despite the mandatory guidelines for OHS in the sectorin terms of the Mine Health and safety Act (MHSA) published by the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE) to respond to COVID-19. There is a need for the industry stakeholders to work together to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on the sector and improve occupational health outcomes towards the 2024 targets.
COVID-19: An Epidemiological Puzzle
Authors: Baidya Subrata , Paul Debosmita , Chowdhury Purvita
Published: September 2020

Pneumonia of unknown etiology was reported from Wuhan, Hubei province of China on 31th December, 2019. WHO declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern on 30th January, 2020. Thereafter, it has spread throughout China and reached the level of a pandemic expanding to 210 countries with 9,653,048 confirmed cases and 491,128 deaths as per COVID-19 Situation Report issued by WHO based on data received upto 27th June, 2020. Manifold questions remain unanswered regarding pathogen associated variables for amplification dynamics, host environment and agent interaction. Multidimensional issues regarding the epidemiological spectrum have cropped up but still unresolved. This study makes an effort to analyse the information gathered from published articles of renowned journals and newsletters to explore the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 disease. Hereby, we have tried to assemble the questions epidemiological lacunae created by the divergent demographic characteristics, long incubation period, secondary attack rate and puzzling transmission dynamics of COVID-19 that remain unanswered.
Participatory variety selection of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes in the major bean producing areas of Ethiopia
Authors: Tigist Shiferaw G. , Melis Rob , Sibiya Julia , Amelework Beyene , Keneni Gemechu
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to identify suitable parental genotypes for breeding for resistance to bruchid and to identify the farmers’ preferred traits in common bean. For this study, 144 diverse common bean genotypes were planted in an alpha lattice design, with 3 replications at 3 locations. Participatory variety selection was done using 20 farmers at each location. Farmers identified a number of criteria for selecting suitable varieties. Yield and yield-related traits were ranked as the most important selection criteria by all farmers at all locations. However, women ranked culinary traits as the top criteria, while men were more interested in marketable traits. From the 144 genotypes, farmers selected the 10 best genotypes in all the locations. The majority of the genotypes selected at Melkassa and Alemetena were small white-seeded released varieties and breeding lines. However, all the genotypes selected at Arsi Negele were predominantly landraces of small red-seeded beans. Traits such as earliness and resistance to storage insect were important in Melkassa and Alme tena but received less attention in Arsi Negele. The integration of the farmers’ selection preferences with the breeders’ criteria can improve the efficiency of plant breeding by developing crop varieties that better fit the specific needs of the farmers.
Intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass in a crop-livestock integration system for pasture recovery
Authors: Santos Charles Barbosa , Costa Kátia Aparecida de Pinho , Souza Wender Ferreira de , Silva Alessandro Guerra da , Silva Victor Costa e , Oliveira Itamar Pereira de , Brandstette Eduardo Valcacer
Published: September 2020

Intercropping systems have become an interesting alternative for grain and forage production because they are sustainable systems that reduce carbon emissions in degraded pasture areas. However, few studies have used forage species recently introduced into the market, and more studies that assess the performances of these species in integrated systems are needed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of intercropped sorghum and Paiaguas palisadegrass (including the species name) in a crop-livestock integration system for pasture recovery. The field experiment was conducted in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil, using a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of the following forage systems: monocropping of sorghum, monocropping of Paiaguas palisadegrass, row intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass, interrow intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass and intercropping of sorghum with oversown Paiaguas palisadegrass. To obtain a desired population of 240,000 plants ha-1, 12 seeds of sorghum and 5 kg of viable pure seeds of the forage species were planted per meter and hectare, respectively. The growth of Paiaguas palisadegrass in the same row as sorghum reduced the sorghum grain yield. The intercropping of sorghum with oversown Paiaguas palisadegrass hindered the initial development of Paiaguas palisadegrass in terms of plant height and number of tillers due to shading, and this effect was reflected in the dry mass production. Row and interrow intercropping provided higher dry mass production without affecting the forage quality. Therefore, the interrow intercropping of sorghum with Paiaguas palisadegrass was found to be a promising agricultural technique for grain and forage production that could be used for the establishment of new pastures or pasture recovery.
Soil compaction affects sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass forage productivity in the Brazilian savanna
Authors: Linhares Adalto José de Souza , Gonçalves Wainer Gomes , Cabral Savio Menezes , Brito Marlete Ferreira de , Brandstetter Eduardo Valcacer , Silva José Fausto Guimarães , Costa Kátia Aparecida de Pinho , Souza Wender Ferreira de , Severiano Eduardo da Costa
Published: September 2020

Integrated crop-livestock systems maximize land use, infrastructure and labor; diversify production; and minimize costs, thereby reducing risks and adding value to agricultural products. However, growing mechanically harvested crops can negatively affect soil structure, reducing plant biomass productivity. The present study aimed to evaluate soil compaction and its effects on the forage productivity of sunflower and Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguas during the second cropping period. The experiment was conducted as a split-plot randomized complete block design with four replications. Four compaction levels represented by traffic from an agricultural tractor were established: 0 (absence of compaction), 2, 10 and 30 passes over the same spot. Two forage systems were established in the subplots: sunflower grown solely as a monocrop (40,000 plants ha-1) or intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass (10 plants linear m-1). The following parameters were quantified: soil bulk density, plant height, capitulum diameter and 1000-achene weight for sunflower; stem length and the leaf/stem ratio for Paiaguas palisadegrass; and total and partitioned forage productivity. The results showed that sunflower was highly sensitive to soil compaction and that the development and productivity of this species decreased in response to the greatest bulk density, which in turn affected the Paiaguas palisadegrass. Overall, intercropping is recommended for increased forage productivity.
Physicochemical and rheological properties of the derivatives of Ningmai 9 wheat and their relationship with sugar-snap cookie diameter
Authors: Zhang Pingping , Yao Jinbao , Ma Hongxiang , Song Guicheng
Published: September 2020

In recent years, the annual demand for soft wheat in China has exceeded six million metric tons. The development of soft wheat is an important objective in the Yangtze River Basin winter wheat region in China. Ningmai 9 is a soft wheat cultivar widely used as a parent in the soft red winter wheat breeding program. However, the physicochemical and rheological properties of Ningmai 9 and its derivatives remain unknown. In this study, Ningmai 9 and its thirty-one derivatives were grown in Nanjing in Jiangsu Province in two successive cropping seasons from 2015 to 2017. The kernel samples were analyzed for milling quality, solvent retention capacity (SRC), alveograph parameters, and sugar-snap cookie diameter. The flour protein content was not significantly associated with any other quality trait. P, L, P/L (the ratio of tenacity to extensibility), alveograph deformation work (W), and four types of SRC were significantly correlated with sugar-snap cookie diameter. Compared to Ningmai 9, seven wheat genotypes had relatively better cookie quality and lower SRC and P values. A multiple regression model with water SRC (WSRC) as a variable explained 72.5% of the total variation in cookie diameter. These results suggest that decreasing SRC and gluten strength is the key to improving soft wheat breeding programs.
Chemical and microbiological evaluations of Platonia insignis Mart and Theobroma grandiflorum Schum pulps, native fruits from Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Amorim Patrycia Elen Costa , Araujo José Ribamar Gusmão , Silva Aline Priscilla Gomes da , Almeida Jéssica dos Santos , Arruda Mariana Oliveira , Serra Ilka Márcia Ribeiro de Souza , Alves Edna Ursulino , Melo Paulo Alexandre Fernandes Rodrigues de
Published: September 2020

The aim of the present study was to evaluate chemical and microbiological parameters of industrialized and artisanal bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart) and cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum) pulps, native Brazilian Amazon fruits. Several fruit pulp brands were selected as follows: industrialized pulps (IP), brands A and B and artisanal pulps (AP), brands C and D. The chemical analyses were based on the determination of initial pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS) and their ratio (TSS/TTA). Microbiological analyzes quantified mold, yeast, Staphyloccus aureus and Salmonella spp. Their contamination were also determined. Chemical characterization demonstrated that bacuri pulps had lower level of TTA and TSS than cupuaçu pulp. However, ration between TSS and TAA showed higher level in bacuri pulp/brand AP/D. The microbiological analyses showed a ranging from 2.83x105 to 9.35x107 and 7.32x106 to 7.06x107 mold and yeast colony forming units (CFU/g) for bacuri and cupuaçu pulps, respectively. All pulps presented high amounts of Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of Salmonella was verified in industrialized pulp for both bacuri and cupuaçu fruits. We concluded that both industrialized and artisanal bacuri and cupuaçu pulps have poor microbiological food quality, indicating a health threat to the consumers.
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE 6-MINUTE PEGBOARD RING TEST IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
Authors: ÖZCAN KAHRAMAN Buse , ÖZSOY İsmail , TANRIVERDİ Aylin , AKDENİZ Bahri , ÖZPELİT Ebru , ŞENTÜRK Bihter , ACAR Serap , SEVİNÇ Can , SAVCI Sema
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the 6-minute pegboard ring test (6PBRT) in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH).
Methods: This study included 31 patients with PH. The upper extremity function was measured with the 6PBRT. Muscle strength was measured for shoulder flexor, shoulder abductor, elbow extensor, and elbow flexors muscles using with a digital dynamometer, and handgrip strength with the hand dynamometer. Limitation of the activities of daily living was evaluated with the Milliken Activities of Daily Living Scale. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine test-retest reliability.
Results: The 6PBRT showed excellent test-retest reliability with the ICC=0.98 (95% CI: 0.82–0.99). The SEM and MDC were calculated as 5.9 and 16.4, respectively. The patients with NYHA Class III had significantly lower scores in the 6PBRT compared to the patients with Class II (p=0.005) showing the known-groups validity of the 6PBRT. The 6PBRT was significantly and strongly correlated with age (r=-0.628, p<0.001), functional class (r=-0.502, p=0.004), activities of daily living (r=0.522, p=0.003), moderately correlated with shoulder flexor (r=0.360, p=0.047), shoulder abductor (r=0.388, p=0.031), elbow flexor (r=0.406, p=0.036) and handgrip muscles strength (r=0.375, p=0.041).
Conclusion: This study showed that the 6PBRT has excellent test-retest reliability and good validity, including known-groups and convergent in PH. The higher 6PBRT scores were significantly correlated with younger age, better functional class and performance in activities of daily living, and greater upper extremity muscle strength.
Aspectos legales sobre la urbanización de la frontera argentina: el caso de la Policía de Radicación
Authors: Preci Gabriel Alejandro
Published: September 2020

El presente trabajo pretende analizar los alcances de la figura de la Policía de Radicación en las “zonas de seguridad de fronteras” de Argentina. Mediante una reseña cronológica describiremos aspectos básicos de su regulación legal, especialmente los vinculados con las progresivas exclusiones de su aplicación en distintos centros urbanos. Su consagración en 1944 estaba fundamentada en una estricta aplicación de la doctrina de la defensa nacional, que propiciaba las adquisiciones de inmuebles a favor de argentinos nativos en desmedro de extranjeros oriundos de países limítrofes. Pretendemos exponer desde una óptica jurídica cómo la evolución y morigeración de este control policial sobre inmuebles de la frontera argentina se encuentra relacionada con el carácter dinámico de esta última. Las dispersas normativas que fueron reconociendo las dimensiones del desarrollo sustentable e integración en la periferia argentina, influyeron en desvirtuar gradualmente sus misiones y funciones en distintos centros urbanos.
Microwave-assisted Amination Reactions: An Overview
Authors: Radhika Sankaran , Neetha Mohan , Aneeja Thaipparambil , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: September 2020

C-N coupling reactions were found to be attractive among researchers owing to
the importance of C-N bond formation in heterocyclic synthesis. Hence C-N bond formation
via amination reaction with the assistance of microwave radiations gained significant
attraction recently. Microwave-assisted reactions are greener, faster and generally efficient
compared to the conventional thermal reactions offering better purity of the product with
enhancement in the yield. It was surprisingly revealed that several new advancements in
amination reactions were highly influenced by this greener technology. This first review on
microwave-assisted amination reaction focuses on the novel amination strategies that
emerged with the help of microwave methodology, and covers literature up to 2019.
Extraction of 11-Keto-β -Boswellic Acid from Indian Olibanum by Contemporary Extraction Modes: Optimization and Validation of HPTLC
Authors: Abidin Lubna , Singla Prerna , Kausar Hina , Mujeeb Mohd , Rahman Abdur , Aqil Mohd , Najmi Abul Kalam
Published: September 2020

Background:

Boswellic acids are the main constituents of Boswellia serrata gum. These
comprise of four pentacyclic triterpenes, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) being one of them.

Objectives:

Comparing the extraction efficiency of KBA through microwave-assisted extraction
(MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) followed by optimizing the extraction process using
response surface methodology (RSM) and validation of HPTLC.

Methods:

UAE and MAE of KBA were carried out employing methanol as an extracting solvent.
To figure out the better mode of extraction, single factorial experiments were conducted for further
optimization. Design expert software was used for optimization purposes where solvent to drug ratio,
extraction temperature and extraction time were taken as input variables. Quantification of
KBA in each extract was done through High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC),
and the method was validated as per International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.

Results :

UAE stood out to be a better mode of extraction for KBA. Solvent to drug ratio of 20.42
mL/gram, extraction temperature of 44.01°C and extraction time of 11.54 minutes were established
as optimum conditions, which yielded 8.44%w/w of KBA. Regarding HPTLC, the Rf value of
KBA was measured, and the correlation coefficient was calculated from the standard curve. Accuracy,
precision and recovery were found within limits.

Conclusion:

From this study, it was concluded that a non-thermal method is a better choice of extraction
for KBA. All the input variables significantly affected KBA content, which was confirmed
by model fitting. Moreover, the HPTLC method was developed for the quantification of KBA,
which was found to be accurate, reliable and highly sensitive.
An Appraisal of Compressive Strength of Concrete Incorporated with Chemically Different Fly Ashes
Authors: Suzuki Atsushi , Pushpalal Dinil , Kashima Hiroo
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

Generally, the compressive strength of fly ash concrete differs depending on the properties of fly ash. This strength difference causes difficulties for concrete engineers to guarantee the strength of supplied concrete.

Methods:

This research firstly carried out the compressive strength tests on the concrete incorporated with fly ash possessing various chemical composition, which are high and low calcium fly ashes. The linear and nonlinear regression analyses were adopted to build the strength prediction model.

Results:

The chemical and physical properties of procured fly ash with high and low calcium contents have been quantified. Specifically, the compressive strength of concrete with high calcium fly ash demonstrates a strong correlation with calcium content, rather than physical properties such as the surface area and loss of ignition. Therefore, the compressive strength on 28th day can be assessed by a simple formula, taking CaO content of fly ash as an independent variable. In further, the strength on an arbitrary day can be predicted based on the 28th day strength and the replacement rate of fly ash.

Conclusion:

The two-step framework proposed in this research enables concrete engineers to evaluate the compressive strength of fly ash concrete with an error rate of less than 30%, within the applicable range addressed in this research.
Positive Emotions and Investment Decisions: A Conceptual Exploration
Authors: Sushila  , Anindita Chakraborty
Published: September 2020

Investment decision making is a crucial step to be taken by every individual on a regular basis, whether it's short term or long term, for consumption or for saving purposes but require the least bit of knowledge about financial terms. On the other hand, there are many factors which directly or indirectly affect our decision making and emotional factors are one of them. Emotions can be used as accurate appraisal and expression of internal feelings to motivate, better planning, consistent practices and achieve the financial goals. Emotions not only affect our mental ability, but also the physical activities which defines the overall personality of the individual, emotions can be of different types, but we mostly know positive and negative which is the reflection of our beliefs and values and result into our decision. This paper will start with the explanation of investment decision making and how investment decisions can change with the effect of positive emotion. Based on the literature, it was found that positive emotions are positively related to the investment decision making and person with positive emotion and attitude take wise and better financial decision. With the calm mind and positive emotions people can think better and it reflected in their financial decisions.
The Essentials of Organizational Management: A Study on the Bhagavad Gita
Authors: Madhurima Basu
Published: September 2020

The Indian sub-continent since the ancient times has been the epicentre of rich cultural heritage. The ethos of the ancient Indian texts holds true to the present day. Some of the well-known ancient Indian texts are the Upanishads, the Vedas and the epics: Ramayana and Mahabharata. The Bhagavad Gita is an intrinsic part of the great Indian epic Mahabharata. It was written by Sage Vyasa. The Bhagavad Gita gets decoded at the battleground of Kurukshetra. It is based on the conversation between Arjuna, the warrior prince and Krishna, his charioteer. Initially, Arjuna was reluctant to fight the battle and Krishna assumed the role of an ideal mentor to counsel Arjuna to fight for the right cause. Eventually Arjuna was transformed into a determined warrior and ready to take on his rivals. At the end of the battle, Arjuna along with his brothers accomplished victory over their opponents. The eternal philosophy embedded in the verses of the Bhagavad Gita has been adorned by renowned world leaders. Organizational management has evolved since the onset of the industrial revolution. The advent of globalization has led to reshaping the management scenario in every organization across the territories. Every business house is striving hard to enhance the organizational performance to ensure sustainable growth. At a time of globalization it is imperative for organizations to look for alternative paradigms to match up to the constantly evolving management practices. Since the last few decades the Bhagavad Gita has attracted the attention of the management researchers. The present study attempts to evaluate the diverse aspects of the organizational management as reflected in the Bhagavad Gita based on the systematic review of academic literature. The finding of the present study seems to suggest Bhagavad Gita is the store house of ideal solutions to deal with the various issues related to organizational management. More specifically, it emerges from past studies that the Bhagavad Gita is an effective management tool in the field of leadership and provides sustainable solutions to overcome challenges pertaining to the constantly evolving business environment. In the present day business context, organizational leaders and management practitioners may imbibe the ethos of the Bhagavad Gita for the long term survival of their organizations. Thus, it may be said that since the ancient times, the Indian worldview as noted down in the different texts has benefited the human race and will do so for the years to come.
Influence of Internal Marketing Practices on Employees' Job Satisfaction in New Generation Banks
Authors: Jomon Jose M
Published: September 2020

In the present monetary vulnerability and upheaval, ensuring and safeguarding compatibility with banking employees are essential for banks' business achievement. Internal marketing represents a marketing strategy which is created by considering their representatives their first market – their internal customers. Internal marketing makes a domain that empowers banks to concentrate on whatever necessitates changing inside so they can upgrade their external commercial center execution. Internal marketing enables banks to convey better client encounters by adjusting, organizing, and inspiring employees. In this article, the researcher attempts to highlight how internal marketing philosophy helps the new private sector banks in achieving employees' job satisfaction and to evaluate the benefits of internal marketing orientation for the banks success. The research is conducted at new generation banks in Thrissur District, Kerala. The researcher has chosen 150 respondents of new generation banks as sample. The questionnaire in this study was designed as closed – end questions. To understand the demographic profile of the respondents, questions related to age, sex, qualification and monthly salary etc were included. The samples are selected on a random basis after visiting various banks in the district with no bias on considering or dismissing a specific respondent. Pilot survey and Cronbach's Alpha were used. Hypotheses were tested using correlation coefficient(r), and multiple regression analyses. The SPSS software is used to measure the data obtained from the respondents. Findings indicate that internal marketing and all its components has significant and positive associations with employees' job satisfaction. The findings have provided an insight to the new generation banks provides on the area to be focused on in retaining and satisfying their employees.
Сверхгидрофобное покрытие из углеродных наночастиц луковичной структуры
Authors: Есеев М.К. , Капустин С.Н. , Лугвищук Д.С. , Мордкович В.З. , Лях Н.Л.
Published: September 2020

For the first time a superhydrophobic coating based on carbon nano-onions (multilayer fullerenes) synthesized through a cheap and technological method was obtained. Two simple and easily reproducible techniques of application were suggested. An opportunity of using the coating to control the composition and humidity of air was explored. Anti-icing properties were researched.
Влияние параметров короткопериодной сверхрешетки InGaAs/InGaAlAs на эффективность фотолюминесценции
Authors: Рочас С.С. , Новиков И.И. , Гладышев А.Г. , Колодезный Е.С. , Бабичев А.В. , Андрюшкин В.В. , Неведомский В.Н. , Денисов Д.В. , Карачинский Л.Я. , Егоров А.Ю. , Бугров В.Е.
Published: September 2020

The results of the study of heterostructures based on short-period InGaAs/InGaAlAs superlattices fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy on an InP substrate with the aim of using them as active regions for vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers of the 1.3 μm spectral range are studied. Photoluminescence and X-ray diffraction studies of the fabricated heterostructures are carried out. It was shown that a change in the ratio of the quantum well thickness and the barrier layer thickness of the superlattice allows one to controllably shift the position of the photoluminescence peak and to provide the heterostructure parameters necessary to achieve lasing at a wavelength of 1.3 μm, while the photoluminescence efficiency remains practically unchanged.
Исследование пространственных характеристик излучения квантовых каскадных лазеров для спектрального диапазона 8 μm
Authors: Дюделев В.В. , Михайлов Д.А. , Мыльников В.Ю. , Бабичев А.В. , Лосев С.Н. , Когновицкая Е.А. , Гладышев А.Г. , Карачинский Л.Я. , Новиков И.И. , Денисов Д.В. , Слипченко С.О. , Лютецкий А.В. , Пихтин Н.А. , Кучинский В.И. , Егоров А.Ю. , Соколовский Г.С.
Published: September 2020

The near and far fields of quantum cascade lasers emitting in the spectral range near 8 µm have been studied. Lasing in the fundamental waveguide mode along the "fast" axis with a divergence of ~ 50º was observed in all samples of lasers with stripe widths of 22 and 50 µm in the entire range of pump currents. On the "slow" axis, multimode lasing and competition between the fundamental and higher waveguide modes were observed, which manifests itself for lasers with a 50 µm stripe in an increase of the radiation divergence from ~ 10º near the threshold to > 50º with a two-fold excess of the lasing threshold. The divergence along the slow axis for lasers with a stripe width of 22 µm remained unchanged over the entire range of pump currents and amounted to ~ 50º. The significant contribution of the fundamental mode to the total radiation intensity of quantum cascade lasers, being obvious from the far-field intensity distribution, cannot be established solely from the results of measurements of the near-field.
Young People’s Experiences Using an On-Demand Mobile Health Sexual and Reproductive Health Text Message Intervention in Kenya: Qualitative Study
Authors: Mwaisaka Jefferson , Gonsalves Lianne , Thiongo Mary , Waithaka Michael , Sidha Hellen , Alfred Otieno , Mukiira Carol , Gichangi Peter
Published: September 2020

Background

Digital health usability assessments can help explain how well mobile health (mHealth) apps targeting young people with sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information performed and whether the intended purpose was achieved. However, few digital health assessments have been conducted to evaluate young people’s perceptions regarding mHealth system interactions and content relevance on a wide range of SRH topics. In addition, the majority of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have focused on push messaging platforms; therefore, the mHealth field lacks sufficient RCTs investigating on-demand mHealth SRH platforms.

Objective

The objective of this study was to explore young people’s experiences using an on-demand SRH mHealth platform in Kenya.

Methods

We used qualitative data related to the usability of an mHealth platform, Adolescent/Youth Reproductive Mobile Access and Delivery Initiatives for Love and Life Outcome (ARMADILLO), collected at the end of the intervention period. A total of 30 in-depth interviews (IDIs) were held with the intervention participants (15 women and 15 men) to elicit their experiences, opinions, and perspectives on the design and content of the ARMADILLO platform. The study participants were randomly selected from a list of intervention arm participants to participate in the IDIs. The interviews were later transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and coded and analyzed thematically using NVivo version 12 software (QSR International).

Results

Respondents reported varied user experiences and levels of satisfaction, ranging from ease of use by the majority of the respondents to systematic frustrations that prevented some participants from progressing to other stages. Interesting features of the mHealth platform included the immediate response participants received when requesting messages, weekly remunerated quizzes, and perceived ability of educative and informative content and messages to change behaviors. Proposed enhancements to the platform included revising some concepts and words for easy understanding and increasing the interactivity of the platform, whereby young people could seek clarity when they came across difficult terms or had additional questions about the information they received.

Conclusions

The importance of understanding the range of health literacy and technological variations when dealing with young people cannot be overemphasized. Young people, as mHealth end users, must be considered throughout intervention development to achieve optimum functionality. In addition, young people targeted with mHealth SRH interventions must be sensitized to the interactions on mHealth platforms or any other digital health apps if implemented in a nonresearch setting for optimal use by the targeted audience.
Applying eHealth for Pandemic Management in Saudi Arabia in the Context of COVID-19: Survey Study and Framework Proposal
Authors: Alsharif Abdullah
Published: September 2020

Background

The increased frequency of epidemics such as Middle East respiratory syndrome, severe acute respiratory syndrome, Ebola virus, and Zika virus has created stress on health care management and operations as well as on relevant stakeholders. In addition, the recent COVID-19 outbreak has been creating challenges for various countries and their respective health care organizations in managing and controlling the pandemic. One of the most important observations during the recent outbreak is the lack of effective eHealth frameworks for managing and controlling pandemics.

Objective

The aims of this study are to review the current National eHealth Strategy of Saudi Arabia and to propose an integrated eHealth framework that can be effective for managing health care operations and services during pandemics.

Methods

A questionnaire-based survey was administered to 316 health care professionals to review the current national eHealth framework of Saudi Arabia and identify the objectives, factors, and components that are key for managing and controlling pandemics. Purposive sampling was used to collect responses from diverse experts, including physicians, technical experts, nurses, administrative experts, and pharmacists. The survey was administered at five hospitals in Saudi Arabia by forwarding the survey link using a web-based portal. A sample population of 350 was achieved, which was filtered to exclude incomplete and ineligible samples, giving a sample of 316 participants.

Results

Of the 316 participants, 187 (59.2%) found the current eHealth framework to be ineffective, and more than 50% of the total participants stated that the framework lacked some essential components and objectives. Additional components and objectives focusing on using eHealth for managing information, creating awareness, increasing accessibility and reachability, promoting self-management and self-collaboration, promoting electronic services, and extensive stakeholder engagement were considered to be the most important factors by more than 80% of the total participants.

Conclusions

Managing pandemics requires an effective and efficient eHealth framework that can be used to manage various health care services by integrating different eHealth components and collaborating with all stakeholders.
Opportunities and Challenges Surrounding the Use of Data From Wearable Sensor Devices in Health Care: Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Azodo Ijeoma , Williams Robin , Sheikh Aziz , Cresswell Kathrin
Published: September 2020

Background

Wearable sensors connected via networked devices have the potential to generate data that may help to automate processes of care, engage patients, and increase health care efficiency. The evidence of effectiveness of such technologies is, however, nascent and little is known about unintended consequences.

Objective

Our objective was to explore the opportunities and challenges surrounding the use of data from wearable sensor devices in health care.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative, theoretically informed, interview-based study to purposefully sample international experts in health care, technology, business, innovation, and social sciences, drawing on sociotechnical systems theory. We used in-depth interviews to capture perspectives on development, design, and use of data from wearable sensor devices in health care, and employed thematic analysis of interview transcripts with NVivo to facilitate coding.

Results

We interviewed 16 experts. Although the use of data from wearable sensor devices in health and care has significant potential in improving patient engagement, there are a number of issues that stakeholders need to negotiate to realize these benefits. These issues include the current gap between data created and meaningful interpretation in health and care contexts, integration of data into health care professional decision making, negotiation of blurring lines between consumer and medical care, and pervasive monitoring of health across previously disconnected contexts.

Conclusions

Stakeholders need to actively negotiate existing challenges to realize the integration of data from wearable sensor devices into electronic health records. Viewing wearables as active parts of a connected digital health and care infrastructure, in which various business, personal, professional, and health system interests align, may help to achieve this.
Perception of the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Time of Telemedicine: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study
Authors: Zingone Fabiana , Siniscalchi Monica , Savarino Edoardo Vincenzo , Barberio Brigida , Cingolani Linda , D'Incà Renata , De Filippo Francesca Romana , Camera Silvia , Ciacci Carolina
Published: September 2020

Background

After the COVID-19 outbreak, the Italian Government stopped most regular health care activity. As a result, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) had limited access to outpatient clinics and hospitals.

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the perception of the COVID-19 emergency among patients with IBD during the early weeks of the lockdown.

Methods

We invited adult patients with IBD from the University of Salerno (Campania, South Italy) and the University of Padua (Veneto, North Italy) by email to answer an ad hoc anonymous survey about COVID-19. We also collected data on demographic and disease characteristics.

Results

In total, 167 patients with IBD from Padua and 83 patients from Salerno answered the survey (age: mean 39.7 years, SD 13.9 years; female: n=116, 46.4%). We found that patients with IBD were particularly worried about the COVID-19 pandemic (enough: 77/250, 30.8%; much/very much: 140/250, 56.0%), as they felt more vulnerable to COVID-19 due to their condition (enough: 70/250, 28.0%; much/very much: 109/250, 43.6%). Patients with IBD from the red zone of Veneto were more worried than patients from Campania (P=.001), and men felt more susceptible to the virus than women (P=.05). Additionally, remote medicine was appreciated more by younger patients than older patients (P=.04).

Conclusions

The results of our survey demonstrate that the lockdown had a significant impact on the psychological aspects of patients with IBD and suggest the need for increasing communication with patients with IBD (eg, through telemedicine) to ensure patients receive adequate health care, correct information, and proper psychological support.
Risk-Taking Behaviors and Adherence to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Users of Geosocial Networking Apps: Real-World, Multicenter Study
Authors: Wang Hongyi , Zhang Jing , Chu Zhenxing , Hu Qinghai , Dong Willa , Huang Xiaojie , Chen Yaokai , Wang Hui , He Xiaoqing , Zhang Lukun , Hu Zhili , Bao Rantong , Li Shangcao , Li Hang , Cui Sitong , Jin Xia , Ding Haibo , Geng Wenqing , Jiang Yongjun , Xu Junjie , Shang Hong
Published: September 2020

Background

Over half of men who have sex with men (MSM) use geosocial networking (GSN) apps to encounter sex partners. GSN apps’ users have become a unique large subpopulation among MSM for interventions concerning HIV prevention and control. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising measure for HIV prevention, especially for MSM, but its effectiveness largely depends on medication adherence. However, little is known about PrEP adherence among GSN apps’ users, which is critical to addressing the overall optimization of PrEP compliance outside of clinical trials in the context of large-scale implementation.

Objective

The objective of this study is to understand the correlation between GSN apps’ use and medication adherence among MSM receiving PrEP, with the aim to increase their awareness about PrEP use in order to increase adherence.

Methods

This study based on the China Real-world Oral intake of PrEP (CROPrEP) project, a multicenter, real-world study of Chinese MSM on daily and event-driven PrEP. Eligible participants completed a detailed computer-assisted self-interview on sociodemographic, GSN apps’ use, and sexual behavior. Then participants were followed up for 12 months and assessed for various characteristics (eg, PrEP delivery, adherence assessment, PrEP coverage of sexual activities, and regimens switch). A generalized estimation equation was used to analyze the predictors of medication adherence and regimen conversion among GSN apps’ users and nonusers.

Results

At baseline, 756 of the 1023 eligible participants (73.90%) reported primarily using GSN apps to seek sexual partners, and GSN apps’ users are more likely to have high-risk behaviors such as multiple sex partners and condomless anal intercourse than other nonusers (all P<.05). During follow-up, GSN apps’ users had a significantly low level of pill-counting adherence than nonusers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.8, 95% CI 0.6-1.0, P=.038). In the event-driven group, GSN apps’ users had marginally lower levels of self-reported adherence (aOR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.0, P=.060) and lower PrEP coverage of sexual practices (aOR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-1.0, P=.038). Additionally, GSN apps’ users seemed more likely to switch from event-driven to daily regimen (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 0.9-3.3, P=.084).

Conclusions

GSN apps’ users are highly prevalent among MSM, despite their higher sexual risk and lower adherence levels, suggesting that eHealth needs to be introduced to the GSN platform to promote PrEP adherence.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IIN-17013762; https://tinyurl.com/yy2mhrv4.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.1186/s12879-019-4355-y
COVID-19 Self-Reported Symptom Tracking Programs in the United States: Framework Synthesis
Authors: Koehlmoos Tracey Pérez , Janvrin Miranda Lynn , Korona-Bailey Jessica , Madsen Cathaleen , Sturdivant Rodney
Published: September 2020

Background

With the continued spread of COVID-19 in the United States, identifying potential outbreaks before infected individuals cross the clinical threshold is key to allowing public health officials time to ensure local health care institutions are adequately prepared. In response to this need, researchers have developed participatory surveillance technologies that allow individuals to report emerging symptoms daily so that their data can be extrapolated and disseminated to local health care authorities.

Objective

This study uses a framework synthesis to evaluate existing self-reported symptom tracking programs in the United States for COVID-19 as an early-warning tool for probable clusters of infection. This in turn will inform decision makers and health care planners about these technologies and the usefulness of their information to aid in federal, state, and local efforts to mobilize effective current and future pandemic responses.

Methods

Programs were identified through keyword searches and snowball sampling, then screened for inclusion. A best fit framework was constructed for all programs that met the inclusion criteria by collating information collected from each into a table for easy comparison.

Results

We screened 8 programs; 6 were included in our final framework synthesis. We identified multiple common data elements, including demographic information like race, age, gender, and affiliation (all were associated with universities, medical schools, or schools of public health). Dissimilarities included collection of data regarding smoking status, mental well-being, and suspected exposure to COVID-19.

Conclusions

Several programs currently exist that track COVID-19 symptoms from participants on a semiregular basis. Coordination between symptom tracking program research teams and local and state authorities is currently lacking, presenting an opportunity for collaboration to avoid duplication of efforts and more comprehensive knowledge dissemination.
Prevention of weight gain during self-isolation in COVID-19 pandemic era: a narrative review
Authors: Muhammad Harry Freitag Luglio
Published: September 2020

COVID-19 is a disease that has affected millions of people worldwide and made a significant impact on health, social life, and economy. One of the strategies to prevent the spread of this virus is through self-isolation. Although this strategy is efficient to prevent a drastic spread of the disease, there are some consequences related to this measure, including social, psychological, and economic impacts. In this review, the author proposes the possibility that this measure could increase the global prevalence of obesity. This might be due to a reduction in total physical activity because of limitations in outdoor activities, increased binge eating because of psychological stress or boredom, and tendency to eat ultra-processed foods and beverages because of limitations in shopping ability. Obesity itself is reported to be one of the risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 infection. Reports from United Kingdom and the United States of America revealed that those with higher body mass index had a higher risk to be treated at an intensive care unit. Therefore, prevention of a significant weight gain might be important to reduce the risk of fatality due to COVID-19. While the global prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, it might be important to address this issue at this point in time. Lastly, this review also provides some suggestions to ameliorate the weight gaining effect of self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic.