bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
« Faire le métier de pirate » dans les Antilles, l’exemple de Thomas Dulain (1728-1729)
Authors: Porcher Kevin
Published: April 2020

La décennie qui suit le traité d’Utrecht (1713) est marquée par une recrudescence des actes de piraterie dans la mer des Antilles, et plus globalement dans l’espace atlantique (côtes américaines, Terre-Neuve et côtes africaines). En raison d’une documentation abondante, les pirates britanniques de cet « âge d’or » de la piraterie ont fait l’objet de nombreuses études mais les pirates français, quant à eux, sont beaucoup moins connus. Particulièrement bien éclairée par les sources (correspondances et rapports des officiers coloniaux, rapports de navigation…), la carrière très détaillée du forban Thomas Dulain s’inscrit dans le contexte socio-économique des Îles du Vent (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Grenade) et se révèle représentative des pratiques habituelles des pirates dans la mer des Antilles.
Le lycée de jeunes filles de Tours : un des premiers établissements secondaires féminins de la Troisième République (1880-1924)
Authors: Puche Amélie
Published: April 2020

La loi Camille Sée, votée le 21 décembre 1880, est à l’origine de l’ouverture de l’enseignement secondaire aux femmes. En 1883, la ville de Tours décide donc de fonder un lycée de jeunes filles. Son but est d’étoffer son réseau scolaire mais aussi de faire concurrence aux pensionnats religieux, qui sont encore alors les principaux éducateurs des filles. Elle est alors une des premières villes dans le pays à créer un établissement secondaire pour filles. Mais la rapidité de cette décision oblige la ville à organiser une période transitoire en ouvrant une école secondaire. Cette dernière n’est transformée en lycée qu’en 1887. Puis il faut attendre 1903 pour que la ville fasse construire un bâtiment destiné à son lycée de filles. Il faut dire que malgré la qualité de l’enseignement, cet établissement a des difficultés à attirer les élèves. Ce n’est qu’en 1904, après l’interdiction faite aux congrégations d’enseigner, que les effectifs de l’institution décollent.
Biogenic Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Their Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Radisavljević Snežana , Petrović Biljana
Published: April 2020

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used in biomedical applications, especially diagnostic and drug delivery. The antibacterial activity of nanoparticles depends on the dimensions of the particles. AuNPs may associate with the surface of the cell membrane and cause disorder such as respiration and permeability. The method of binding of particles for bacteria depends on their surface available for interaction. Smaller particles which have the larger surface area available for interaction will show better bactericidal effect than the larger particles. Useful antibacterial agents should also be toxic to various pathogenic bacteria with the ability to coat different surfaces like biomaterials, devices, textiles, food packaging, and so on. The biological and physiochemical properties of synthesized AuNPs have impact on the use of gold nanoparticles like antimicrobial agents, especially for water purification, as well as other biomedical applications.
Container Orchestration With Cost-Efficient Autoscaling in Cloud Computing Environments
Authors: Rodriguez Maria , Buyya Rajkumar
Published: April 2020

Containers are widely used by organizations to deploy diverse workloads such as web services, big data, and IoT applications. Container orchestration platforms are designed to manage the deployment of containerized applications in large-scale clusters. The majority of these platforms optimize the scheduling of containers on a fixed-sized cluster and are not enabled to autoscale the size of the cluster nor to consider features specific to public cloud environments. This chapter presents a resource management approach with three objectives: 1) optimize the initial placement of containers by efficiently scheduling them on existing resources, 2) autoscale the number of resources at runtime based on the cluster's workload, and 3) consolidate applications into fewer VMs at runtime. The framework was implemented as a Kubernetes plugin and its efficiency was evaluated on an Australian cloud infrastructure. The experiments demonstrate that a reduction of 58% in cost can be achieved by dynamically managing the cluster size and placement of applications.
Optimization-Driven Kernel and Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Multi-View Face Video Super Resolution
Authors: Deshmukh Amar B. , Rani N. Usha
Published: April 2020

One of the major challenges faced by video surveillance is recognition from low-resolution videos or person identification. Image enhancement methods play a significant role in enhancing the resolution of the video. This article introduces a technique for face super resolution based on a deep convolutional neural network (Deep CNN). At first, the video frames are extracted from the input video and the face detection is performed using the Viola-Jones algorithm. The detected face image and the scaling factors are fed into the Fractional-Grey Wolf Optimizer (FGWO)-based kernel weighted regression model and the proposed Deep CNN separately. Finally, the results obtained from both the techniques are integrated using a fuzzy logic system, offering a face image with enhanced resolution. Experimentation is carried out using the UCSD face video dataset, and the effectiveness of the proposed Deep CNN is checked depending on the block size and the upscaling factor values and is evaluated to be the best when compared to other existing techniques with an improved SDME value of 80.888.
A Common General Access Structure Construction Approach in Secret Image Sharing
Authors: Yan Xuehu , Lu Yuliang , Liu Lintao
Published: April 2020

(k, n) threshold is a special case of the general access structure (GAS) in secret image sharing (SIS), therefore GAS is more extensive than (k, n) threshold. Most of conventional SIS, including visual secret sharing (VSS), polynomial-based SIS, linear congruence (LC)-based SIS, etc., were proposed with only (k, k) threshold or (k, n) threshold other than GAS. This article introduces a common GAS construction approach in SIS with on pixel expansion from existing (k, k) threshold or (k, n) threshold SIS. The authors input classic SIS methods to test the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed common GAS construction approach. Experiments are presented to indicate the efficiency of the approach by illustrations and analysis.
Sensitivity of ice flow to uncertainty in flow law parameters in an idealized one-dimensional geometry
Authors: Zeitz Maria , Levermann Anders , Winkelmann Ricarda
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The flow of ice drives mass losses in both, the Antarctic and the Greenland Ice Sheet. The projections of possible future sea-level rise rely on numerical ice-sheet models, which solve the physics of ice flow and melt. While a number of important uncertainties have been addressed by the ice-sheet modeling community, the flow law, which is at the center of most process-based ice-sheet models, has so far been assumed certain. Unfortunately, recent studies show that the parameters in the flow law might be uncertain and different from the widely accepted standard values. Here, we use an idealized flowline setup to investigate how uncertainties in the flow law translate into uncertainties in flow-driven mass loss given a step-wise increase of surface temperatures. We find that the measured range of flow parameters can double the flow-driven mass loss within the first centuries of warming, compared to a setting with standard parameters. The spread of ice loss due to an uncertainty in flow parameters is of the same order as the increase in mass loss due to increasing surface temperatures. While this study focuses on an idealized setting in order to disentangle the effect of the flow law from other effects, it is likely that this uncertainty carries over to realistic three-dimensional simulations of Greenland and Antarctica.
Why is inflation targeting adopted?
Authors: Kurihara Yutaka
Published: April 2020

Since the early 1990s, inflation targeting (IT) has been conducted in many countries and the number of the countries has been increasing rapidly. The outcomes of adopting IT has been discussed, however, the incentives of adopting IT is not fully examined. This study focuses on this issue empirically. The results are clearly divided into two types of countries. In developed countries, budget/GDP ratio, central bank credibility, exchange rate stability, and openness of the economy are deterministic elements of adopting IT, however interestingly, inflation itself does not play any roles of adopting IT. On the other hand, only inflation is the deterministic element of adopting IT in developing countries. Other elements, that are deterministic elements in developed countries, do not any effects on introducing IT. Moreover, countries would not like to limit the scope of policies when the economy’s openness is high.
Education for Enhancing the Abilities of Engineers: A Survey Conducted in Japan and Its Analyses
Authors: Nishimura Kazuo , Yagi Tadashi , Miyamoto Dai
Published: April 2020

While the study of science subjects at school is essential for the development of science and technology in society, it is a recognized fact that a large number of students show reluctance to study science and mathematics. Thus, it is of great significance to deliberate on ways to increase their interest in science subjects and enhance effectiveness of learning. We conducted a survey of researchers and engineers who exercise their scientific abilities in their work, asking about their experiences in science education and learning from elementary school to university. We then examined the relationship between their learning experiences and their abilities as researchers and engineers, and analysed the factors that would enhance students’ interest in science subjects and motivation to study these subjects.

The results of our analysis show that “getting interested in science during the early years of elementary school,” “being able to understand the science lessons,” “amazing experience in science class,” “association of science learning with daily life,” “finding the talks in class interesting,” and “approachability to science learning,” have a positive effect on science learning and is crucial to improving professional capacity.
De invloed van bedreigingen op de gemeentelijke besluitvorming
Authors: Marijnissen Diana , Kolthoff Emile
Published: April 2020

The influence of threats on the process and the outcome of local decision-making

This contribution reports on a delimited part of a larger, exploratory study, the main question of which was: How do aldermen perceive threats, what are their behavioral intentions and what is the influence of threats on the process and the outcome of decision-making? This question was answered with the help of Q methodology, semi structured interviews and case studies. This article discusses the results of the case studies and semi structured interviews on the impact of threats on decision-making. In two of the investigated cases (N=3) there are indications that the threats affect the decision-making process. The first case involves risk-avoiding behavior. In the second case there is a stronger conviction and hardening of opinions. There are no indications that threats affect the outcome of the decision-making process. The political administrative system that we have in the Netherlands is able to counteract improper influence. This is due to various elements in the system such as the boldness and the results-focused attitude of civil service (case 1) and the mayor and aldermen (case 2 and 3) and the design of the rules and procedures (case 1, 2 and 3).
Modelling the leakage current in a solid oxide fuel cell with bi-layer electrolyte
Authors: Krishnamurthy Balaji , Ramasubramanian Hariharan
Published: April 2020

A mathematical model is developed to study the leakage current in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with a bi-layer electrolyte. The model predicts the variation of leakage current and power density with various design and operating factors of SOFC, namely thickness of the bi-layer electrolyte, operating temperature and operating cell voltage. The interfacial oxygen pressure in SOFC is also studied as a function of the thickness of YSZ layer. Modelling results are compared with experimental data and found to compare well.
Mehr Frauen im Bundestag? Deskriptive Repräsentation und die innerparteiliche Herausbildung des Gender Gaps
Authors: Höhne Benjamin
Published: April 2020

Lately, the parliamentarian presence of women more and more has been a topic in public debates . These debates draw more on theoretical arguments instead of on empirical findings . How the gender gap between the German Bundestag’s composition and the population can be explained is analyzed on the basis of candidate selections in all seven Bundestag parties . A clear majority of all parties with the exception of the right-wing populist AfD show sensitivity to a fair gender presence . In three consecutive steps, the recruitment stages are examined, beginning with the shift from society to party and ending with the election of MPs . The problem of females being under-represented starts at an early stage, i .e . already with the share of female party members . In contrast, there are hardly any significant differences between the sexes in party participation . Considering the nomination decisions, positive discrimination against women, especially on state level lists, is more common than negative discrimination, especially in electoral districts .
Data Mining for Student Performance Prediction in Education
Authors: Ünal Ferda
Published: April 2020

The ability to predict the performance tendency of students is very important to improve their teaching skills. It has become a valuable knowledge that can be used for different purposes; for example, a strategic plan can be applied for the development of a quality education. This paper proposes the application of data mining techniques to predict the final grades of students based on their historical data. In the experimental studies, three well-known data mining techniques (decision tree, random forest, and naive Bayes) were employed on two educational datasets related to mathematics lesson and Portuguese language lesson. The results showed the effectiveness of data mining learning techniques when predicting the performances of students.
The Relationship of Respecting Inherent Dignity with Anxiety, Depression, Stress and Quality of Life in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Salehi Kobra , Shirani Farimah , Atashi Vajihe , Ghafari Somayeh
Published: April 2020

Background: Respecting inherent human dignity has a prominent role and is of great importance in health care discussions. Respect for people’s dignity is the basis of nursing care and is a step toward increasing patients’ satisfaction with the services provided by the staff. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of respect for dignity with anxiety, depression, stress and quality of life in patients with heart failure. Methods: This is a descriptive analytic study. The study population consisted of the patients with heart failure hospitalized at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences from 2017 to 2018. In this research, samples were selected through purposive sampling, consisting of 150 patients with heart failure from the research population. Then personal characteristics questionnaire, Inherent Dignity questionnaire (IDQ), Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire (MLHF), as well as Depression, Anxiety, Stress scale (DASS) were completed by samples. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistical methods, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA and independent t-test. Results: The mean total score for patients’ inherent dignity was 102.21 out of 144, with a standard deviation of 17.92. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the total score of the patients’ inherent dignity had no significant relationship with age (P = 0.57) and the number of heart failure-related hospital admissions (P = 0.71). Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the total score of the patients’ inherent dignity had an inverse relationship with their scores of the quality of life (P = 0.002), depression (P = 0.004), anxiety (P = 0.001), and stress (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Considering the fact that nowadays the improvement of service quality is one of the priorities of healthcare and, on the other hand, as research findings show, respecting the dignity of heart failure patients plays an important role in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression as well as increasing the quality of life, these results can be used in planning to support and improve the treatment, and the care provided for patients, and to guide the future researches regarding the inherent dignity of these patients.
Gettier Beliefs and Serious Beliefs
Authors: Simpson James ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: April 2020

In a recent exchange in the pages of this journal, John Biro responds to Gabor Forrai’s argument against Biro’s argument that in most, if not all, Gettier cases the belief condition, contra popular opinion, isn’t satisfied. In this note, I’ll argue that Biro’s response to Forrai satisfactorily resolves the first of Forrai’s two central objections to Biro’s argument that the belief condition isn’t satisfied in most, if not all, Gettier cases. But Biro’s response leaves mostly unaddressed the most plausible way of construing Forrai’s second objection. I’ll take up the mantle of successfully defending Biro’s argument from this more plausible construal of Forrai’s second objection. However, even though I’ll argue that Biro’s argument is in good shape with respect to Forrai’s objections, I’ll show that the definition of serious belief that Biro offers us is mistaken.
What Are Data Good for Anyway?
Authors: Perez Nahshon ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: April 2020

This article develops a typology of usages for empirical data in normative theorizing in ‎contemporary political theory. A typology of usages is indicated, providing definitions, ‘names’ and an analysis for each ‎usage, and points to the typical stage within political theory research for each usage. The typology is built in a casuistic methodology. It includes the following categories: (i) Spotlighting, (ii) Definition, ‎‎(iii) Conversion, (iv) Institutional clarity, (v) Theoretical clarity, and (vi) Theory improvement. The typology creates a novel toolbox that can be adopted by political theorists; and it clarifies the methods and achievements of data-sensitive political theory.
Estratégias de controle de braquiárias Urochloa spp. na formação de povoamento para restauração florestal
Authors: Santos Flávio Augusto Monteiro dos , Leles Paulo Sérgio dos Santos , Resende Alexander da Silva , Nascimento Daniel Ferreira do , Santos Gabriel Rocha dos
Published: April 2020

A restauração florestal em áreas de pastagens, dominadas por Urochloa spp. (braquiárias), apresenta custo relativamente elevado, principalmente pela dificuldade de controle dessa planta infestante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a forma de controle de braquiárias mais eficiente para a formação de povoamento para restauração florestal. Foram comparadas quatro estratégias para controle de braquiária em área de restauração florestal no município de Bom Jardim - RJ: T1 - capina em faixas nas linhas de plantio e roçadas nas entrelinhas; T2 - capina em faixas nas linhas de plantio e aplicações do herbicida glyphosate (1,44 kg i.a. ha-1) nas entrelinhas; T3 - capina em área total e consórcio com leguminosas herbáceas fixadoras de nitrogênio; T4 - capina em faixas nas linhas de plantio, roçadas e consórcio com eucalipto nas entrelinhas. Avaliou-se o crescimento em altura, diâmetro no nível do solo e diâmetro de copa de dez espécies arbóreas em diferentes idades, bem como todos os custos envolvidos na aplicação e manutenção de cada tratamento, até 30 meses após o plantio. Em todas as épocas de avaliação, as plantas florestais apresentaram média de crescimento significativamente superior em altura e em diâmetro nos tratamentos de consórcio com leguminosas e aplicação de glyphosate (T3 e T2). Aos 24 meses após o plantio, a copa das árvores implantadas já recobria 80% a 90% da área da unidade experimental nesses tratamentos. Entretanto, o custo de manutenção do T3 foi quase o dobro das unidades de T1 e o custo deste último foi quase três vezes superior das unidades submetidas a T2. O consórcio de eucalipto nas entrelinhas de plantio não prejudicou, mas não beneficiou o crescimento das espécies nativas. O controle químico e o consórcio com leguminosas herbáceas podem ser apontados como alternativas eficazes para controle da braquiária dessa área, antecipando a formação dos povoamentos e resultando em economia de recursos.
Fauna edáfica e suas relações com atributos químicos, físicos e microbiológicos em Floresta de Araucária
Authors: Pereira Jamil De Morais , Baretta Dilmar , Oliveira Filho Luís Carlos Iuñes , Maluche-Baretta Carolina Riviera Duarte , Cardoso Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira
Published: April 2020

A permanente cobertura vegetal do solo, em Florestas de Araucária, contribui na conservação de sua biodiversidade edáfica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial da fauna edáfica e das variáveis ambientais explicativas (físico-químicas e microbiológicas do solo) na discriminação de florestas com araucária nativa e reflorestada. Avaliaram-se florestas com Araucaria angustifolia nativa (NF) e reflorestada (RF) em três regiões distintas no estado de São Paulo, representando três repetições. Em cada área, 15 amostras de solo foram coletadas para avaliação dos atributos físicos, químicos e microbiológicos e, nos mesmos pontos, procedeu-se às coletas da fauna utilizando-se o método de armadilhas de queda (Pitfall traps). A fauna do solo foi influenciada pela sazonalidade, apresentando maior abundância de indivíduos no verão. Os grupos Collembola, Formicidae e Coleoptera foram os mais abundantes, independentemente da época de amostragem e tipo de floresta. A Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) e Análise Canônica Discriminante (ACD) claramente diferenciaram as áreas de araucárias. Na ACP, Hemiptera, Collembola e Diplopoda ficaram associados à RF no inverno, principalmente pelos maiores valores de matéria seca da serapilheira. Já em NF, foram os grupos Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Araneae e Coleoptera, explicados pela melhor qualidade do solo e da serapilheira. No verão, ficaram associados à NF, os grupos Formicidae, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Araneae, Coleoptera e Collembola, explicados pelos maiores valores de CBM, Ca, P, C-org, macroporosidade e atividade de desidrogenase. Na ACD, a abundância de grupos taxonômicos foi o atributo da fauna edáfica mais importante para a discriminação das florestas. Da mesma forma, a umidade do solo, teor de P no solo, porosidade total e teor de S na serapilheira contribuíram na discriminação das florestas. A semelhança entre as áreas, em relação aos grupos da fauna edáfica, indica que está ocorrendo uma estabilidade das áreas reflorestadas comparável às nativas.
Genetic diversity analysis of two Eucalyptus species using ISSR markers
Authors: Teixeira Giovanna Carla , Konzen Enéas Ricardo , Faria Júlio Cézar Tannure , Gonçalves Douglas Santos , Carvalho Dulcinéia De , Brondani Gilvano Ebling
Published: April 2020

Visando fornecer informações que sirvam de base para estudos de melhoramento genético de Eucalyptus foi realizada a análise da diversidade genética usando marcadores ISSR. As espécies estudadas foram Eucalyptus urophylla e Eucalyptus microcorys, ambas com potencial econômico florestal. Os indivíduos estudados pertencem a um teste de espécies e procedências instalado no ano de 1974 e permanecem isentos de tratos silviculturais. Para as análises foram utilizados nove primers ISSR universais. A partir dos resultados avaliou-se a existência de variação intra e interespecífica por meio da porcentagem de polimorfismo, conteúdo de informação polimórfica (PIC) e distância Euclidiana entre indivíduos. A fim de analisar a distância Euclidiana entre os indivíduos foram feitas a análise de coordenadas principais (PCoA) e análise permutacional de dispersão multivariada (PermDisp) seguida pelo teste de Tukey. Observouse elevada porcentagem de polimorfismo (57,14% para Eucalyptus microcorys e 80,95% para Eucalyptus urophylla). Considerando todos os grupos avaliados, os valores de PIC foram superiores a 0,5 para quatro primers (UBC827, UBC835, UBC841). A variabilidade interna foi significativamente maior na população de Eucalyptus urophylla em relação à Eucalyptus microcorys, o que pode estar associado à maior capacidade do Eucalyptus urophylla em hibridizar naturalmente.
Coeficiente de repetibilidade para produção de frutos e seleção de matrizes de Bertholletia excelsa (Bonpl.) em castanhais nativos do estado do Acre
Authors: Azevedo Valéria Rigamonte , Wadt Lúcia Helena de Oliveira , Pedrozo Cássia Angela , Resende Marcos Deon Vilela de
Published: April 2020

Mais de 95% da produção brasileira de castanha-da-amazônia é oriunda da coleta extrativista sendo poucos os plantios para produção comercial. Buscando contribuir com informações básicas para o melhoramento genético da castanheira, este estudo teve por objetivos: estimar os coeficientes de repetibilidade para o número de frutos (NFP); determinar o número adequado de medições para uma eficiente seleção de matrizes; e, selecionar castanheiras promissoras em dois castanhais nativos, no Estado do Acre. O estudo foi realizado em parcelas permanentes no Filipinas (Resex Chico Mendes, Epitaciolândia-AC) e Cachoeira (PAE Chico Mendes, Xapuri-AC). O número de frutos por planta (NFP) foi avaliado em 140 castanheiras no Filipinas, no período de 2002 a 2014 (13 anos), enquanto no Cachoeira foram 175 castanheiras de 2009 a 2014 (seis anos). As análises genético-estatísticas foram feitas com base na metodologia de modelos mistos, utilizando-se o software Selegen-REML/BLUP, Modelo 63. Foram selecionadas 20 matrizes, sendo 08 no Filipinas e 12 no Cachoeira. Em ambos os castanhais, a variância fenotípica permanente (Vfp) representou a maior porcentagem da variância fenotípica individual (Vf). O coeficiente de repetibilidade foi considerado moderado para o Cachoeira e alto para o Filipinas. Considerando um coeficiente de determinação de 90%, seriam necessários sete anos de avaliação do NFP para o Cachoeira e seis anos para o Filipinas. O banco de dados existentes para a produção de frutos das castanheiras é suficiente para se realizar a seleção de matrizes com alta produção de frutos. Com base nos valores estimados espera-se que a nova população apresente uma produção média de 465,3 frutos.arv-1, indicando um ganho na produção de frutos cerca de 2,4 vezes para o Cachoeira e 4,2 para o Filipinas.
Por uma escuta sensível de crianças com doenças crônicas
Authors: Costa Conceição Leal da , Passeggi Maria Da Conceição , Rocha Simone Maria da
Published: April 2020

Admitindo que a criança tem o direito assegurado de se expressar sobre questões que lhe dizem respeito, o objetivo deste artigo é discutir a importância de tomar em consideração a palavra de crianças com doenças crônicas, implicando escutar o que têm a dizer sobre as experiências vividas nas travessias entre a saúde e o adoecimento, a escola e o hospital. A pesquisa foi realizada com seis crianças hospitalizadas, recorrendo a uma situação de faz de conta. A base teórica fundamenta-se nas propostas de Jerome Bruner sobre a capacidade da criança em se tornar narradora, nos estudos de Paul Ricoeur sobre a atividade humana de se compreender ao dar sentido à experiência vivida e numa certa visão de aprender para o bem-estar (KICKBUSCH, 2012). As análises permitem discutir a agentividade da criança, sua capacidade para acolher o outro, a importância das classes hospitalares para o seu bem-estar e como se tornam “experts” no convívio com a doença nas transições peculiares de sua condição de criança no convívio com o adoecimento.
Os tempos da ação docente na classe hospital
Authors: Lima Angélica Macedo Lozano , Lugli Rosario Silvana Genta
Published: April 2020

Partindo das referências temporais presentes em entrevistas realizadas com professoras de classe hospitalar em três instituições de Curitiba, bem como em observações in loci das práticas, discute-se o choque entre a duração real das aulas e a duração burocraticamente exigida pelas autoridades escolares, com suas consequências sobre o trabalho. Os principais conceitos mobilizados referem-se à territorialidade, como forma de estruturação hierárquica do espaço e, ao lugar, como construção de um modo de pertencimento marcado pela afetividade. Desse ponto de vista, assiste-se a um processo de desterritorialização num sentido amplo, abrangendo ainda as práticas escolares no hospital, ou seja, estas acontecem num ambiente que não está estruturado em função do ensino, portanto, a classe hospitalar aparece como um fenômeno de reconstrução e ressignificação das práticas socialmente determinadas em cada evento de ensino-aprendizagem, cujas marcas mais evidentes são a individualização e a afetividade. Como expressão desse processo, predominantemente aflora a criatividade das professoras, circunscrita pela territorialidade e temporalidade do hospital, suas regras e hierarquias[1].[1] A pesquisa que aconteceu entre 2014 a 2018 contou com financiamento da CAPES
O direito à educação no atendimento escolar hospitalar e domiciliar: inquietações conceituais e legais
Authors: Menezes Cinthya Vernizi Adachi de , Trojan Rose Meri , Paula Ercilia Maria Angeli Teixeira de
Published: April 2020

Este estudo trata sobre o direito ao atendimento escolar em ambiente hospitalar e domiciliar, para educandos impossibilitados de frequentar a escola regular por motivo de tratamento de saúde, a partir da legislação vigente. O objetivo é analisar os principais documentos que normatizam o atendimento escolar hospitalar e domiciliar no Brasil, a partir dos conceitos que estabelecem o direito à educação básica e obrigatória. Embora se trate de uma área de conhecimento já fortalecida, se faz necessário refletir sobre as implicações das políticas educacionais para a garantia, ou não, de acesso à escola para esta demanda social. A metodologia fundamenta-se em uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica para estabelecer as bases legais e conceituais necessárias para analisar o tema. As análises dos resultados assinalam para a importância das ações voltadas à garantia da continuidade do processo de escolarização realizado em ambiente hospitalar e domiciliar, pois se entende que a condição do internamento não pode se caracterizar como proibitivo do acesso à educação, que é direito fundamental e constitucional na perspectiva da inclusão educacional.Palavras-chave: Atendimento Escolar Hospitalar; Direitos Humanos e Cidadania; Direito à Educação.
Atendimento educacional em ambiente hospitalar: estruturação, funcionamento e políticas implementadas
Authors: Medeiros Jucélia Linhares Granemann de
Published: April 2020

Segundo diversos estudos, situações de hospitalizações e/ou de tratamento de saúde podem comprometer o processo de aprendizagem, desenvolvimento e escolarização de crianças e adolescentes. Portanto, uma atenção especializada deve ser oferecida a essa clientela. Os atendimentos educacionais em ambientes hospitalares, anteriormente denominados de classes hospitalares, são uma alternativa para tentar minimizar tais efeitos. No intuito de retratar relações estabelecidas, dinâmicas desse processo, interferências, funcionamento, estruturação e políticas implementadas, é que foi elaborado este artigo. No Brasil, embora já houvesse alguns atendimentos voltados a esse fim, o Ministério da Educação (MEC), oficialmente, os criou em 1994, por meio da Política Nacional de Educação Especial. Sucessivamente, novas legislações foram surgindo no âmbito federal, estadual e municipal, regulamentando e normatizando a política de educação em ambiente hospitalar.  Assim, as secretarias estaduais e municipais de educação passaram a implementar, acompanhar e supervisionar todo o trabalho pedagógico desenvolvido nos hospitais. Nesse atendimento, os professores responsáveis elaboraram planos de ensino (atividades acadêmicas e recreativas) destinados a alunos oriundos da Educação Infantil, do Ensino Fundamental e Médio, levando em conta suas condições físicas, psicológicas, sociais e educacionais, sempre com a colaboração e a participação das equipes multidisciplinares de saúde. Em paralelo, esses profissionais devem fazer intercâmbios diretos com as escolas, objetivando dar continuidade ao processo escolar, antes nelas efetivado, conhecendo toda a trajetória acadêmica e de aprendizagem desses alunos.
Desconfortos osteomusculares e alterações da qualidade de vida em gestantes
Authors: Costa Aline Mariane Santos da , Saito Priscila Lie , Falcão Fábio , Silva Susanne Cristine Brito , Carneiro Nunes Erica Feio
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Verificar quais os principais desconfortos osteomusculares e a qualidade de vida das gestantes. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada na Unidade Municipal de Saúde. O público alvo foi mulheres grávidas, com idade entre 18 e 35 anos, a partir do 4º mês de gestação. Foram usados como instrumentos de avaliação o Questionário Nórdico, a Versão Brasileira do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida SF-6 e também uma avaliação fisioterapêutica. Resultados: Participaram 30 gestantes com média de idade de 24,4 ± 3,89 anos. As regiões do corpo mais relatadas com presença de dores foram a lombar, quadril e membros inferiores. O estado geral de saúde e a vitalidade mostraram-se alteradas, principalmente nas gestantes com dor lombar. Conclusões: As gravidas deste estudo eram jovens, que apresentaram desconforto nas regiões lombar, quadril e membros inferiores. Tal desconforto mostrou influenciar na vitalidade e no estado geral de saúde das participantes deste estudo.
Análise da toxicidade de uma Fluoropirimidina em Protocolo Quimioterápico
Authors: Machado Catrine De Souza , Machado Luiz Fernando De Souza , Hörner Christine , Nora Magali Dalla , Rosa Tacieli Fagundes da , Horner Rosmari
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: avaliar as toxicidades mais frequentes baseadas nos efeitos do 5-fluorouracil em pacientes com neoplasia colorretal submetidos à quimioterapia com 5-fluorouracil em associação com ácido folínico, oxaliplatina (FOLFOX) e irinotecano (FOLFIRI). Métodos: Estudo transversal conduzido em uma instituição pública brasileira em pacientes com diagnóstico prévio de câncer colorretal que receberam ciclos de quimioterapia infusional durante 48 horas a cada duas semanas, num total de 12 ciclos ou 24 semanas de tratamento. As variáveis estudadas foram obtidas pela revisão dos prontuários, através de um levantamento no serviço de arquivo médico e estatístico (SAME). Resultados: A idade variou de 35 a 84 anos com média total de 60,75 anos, sendo 56,25% do gênero feminino e 43,75% do masculino. As toxicidades mais comumente observadas foram náuseas, dor no estômago e fraqueza muscular. Nenhum paciente se encontrava nos estádios 0 e I, 25% (n= 4) em II, 31,25% (n= 5) em III e 43,75% (n= 7) em IV. Conclusões: Nota-se que as fluorpirimidinas continuam a ser o pilar no tratamento do câncer. Sendo assim, nessa perspectiva a identificação da atividade enzimática da Dihidropirimidina Desidrogenase (DPD) está fortemente relacionada a farmacologia do 5-FU, com isso, a determinação desta enzima antes no início da terapia tem-se demonstrado fundamental para identificar pacientes com alto risco de doença grave e toxicidade potencialmente fatal.
Qualidade e eficiência de produtos naturais no tratamento preservativo das madeiras de Araucaria angustifolia, Eucalyptus viminalis e Pinus taeda
Authors: Vivian Magnos Alan , Grosskopf Évelyn Janaina , Nunes Gláucia Cota , Itako Adriana Terumi , Modes Karina Soares
Published: April 2020

A madeira, devido sua constituição orgânica, é altamente suscetível a agentes biodeterioradores, tornando-se essencial o tratamento preservativo àquelas que apresentam baixa durabilidade natural. Atualmente, os principais produtos utilizados no tratamento preservativo da madeira são o CCA e o CCB, os quais em razão da sua constituição são tóxicos ao meio ambiente e a saúde humana. Frente à essa situação, torna-se essencial o desenvolvimento de estudos acerca de produtos naturais que apresentem ação biocida, podendo assim ser utilizado no tratamento de madeira, conferindo maior proteção e aumentando a vida útil da peça. Levando em consideração esta perspectiva, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade (penetração e retenção) e eficiência de preservantes naturais aplicados no tratamento das madeiras de Araucaria angustifolia, Eucalyptus viminalis e Pinus taeda, submetidas ao apodrecimento acelerado em condições de laboratório. As madeiras das três espécies foram submetidas ao tratamento preservante com tanino, tall oil e óleo de nim, utilizando o método de imersão rápida a frio, na concentração de 5% do produto preservante, por cinco minutos. Na sequência foram avaliadas através do ensaio de apodrecimento acelerado sob à ação dos fungos apodrecedores Trametes versicolor e Gloeophyllum trabeum, seguindo as recomendações das normas ASTM D 2017 (2005) e ASTM D 1413 (1999). Com base nos resultados, observou-se que a madeira de P. taeda exibiu a melhor penetração aos preservantes óleo de nim e tall oil. O tanino retratou penetração vascular para as três espécies. Os melhores valores de retenção foram das madeiras de A. angustifolia e P. taeda, para todos os tratamentos aplicados. Quanto a eficiência, em comparação aos resultados encontrados para as outras espécies, todos os tratamentos foram eficientes para a madeira de P. taeda quando em contato ao fungo de podridão parda (G. trabeum).
Stochastic Wiener filter in the white noise space
Authors: Alpay Daniel , Pinhas Ariel
Published: April 2020

In this paper we introduce a new approach to the study of filtering theory by allowing the system's parameters to have a random character. We use Hida's white noise space theory to give an alternative characterization and a proper generalization to the Wiener filter over a suitable space of stochastic distributions introduced by Kondratiev. The main idea throughout this paper is to use the nuclearity of this space in order to view the random variables as bounded multiplication operators (with respect to the Wick product) between Hilbert spaces of stochastic distributions. This allows us to use operator theory tools and properties of Wiener algebras over Banach spaces to proceed and characterize the Wiener filter equations under the underlying randomness assumptions.
Structural color in Junonia butterflies evolves by tuning scale lamina thickness
Authors: Thayer Rachel C , Allen Frances I , Patel Nipam H
Published: April 2020

In diverse organisms, nanostructures that coherently scatter light create structural color, but how such structures are built remains mysterious. We investigate the evolution and genetic regulation of butterfly scale laminae, which are simple photonic nanostructures. In a lineage of buckeye butterflies artificially selected for blue wing color, we found that thickened laminae caused a color shift from brown to blue. Deletion of the optix patterning gene also altered color via lamina thickening, revealing shared regulation of pigments and lamina thickness. Finally, we show how lamina thickness variation contributes to the color diversity that distinguishes sexes and species throughout the genus Junonia. Thus, quantitatively tuning one dimension of scale architecture facilitates both the microevolution and macroevolution of a broad spectrum of hues. Because the lamina is an intrinsic component of typical butterfly scales, our findings suggest that tuning lamina thickness is an available mechanism to create structural color across the Lepidoptera.
Rock sponges (lithistid Demospongiae) of the Northeast Atlantic seamounts, with description of ten new species
Authors: Carvalho Francisca C. , Cárdenas Paco , Ríos Pilar , Cristobo Javier , Rapp Hans Tore , Xavier Joana R.
Published: April 2020

Background

Lithistid demosponges, also known as rock sponges, are a polyphyletic group of sponges which are widely distributed. In the Northeast Atlantic (NEA), 17 species are known and the current knowledge on their distribution is mainly restricted to the Macaronesian islands. In the Mediterranean Sea, 14 species are recorded and generally found in marine caves.

Methods

Lithistids were sampled in nine NEA seamounts during the scientific expeditionsSeamount 1(1987) andSeamount 2(1993) organized by the MNHN of Paris. Collected specimens were identified through the analyses of external and internal morphological characters using light and scanning electron microscopy, and compared with material from various museum collections as well as literature records.

Results

A total of 68 specimens were analysed and attributed to 17 species across two orders, seven families, and seven genera, representing new records of distribution. Ten of these species are new to science, viz.Neoschrammeniella inaequalissp. nov.,N. piseraisp. nov.,N. pomponiaesp. nov.,Discodermia arborsp. nov.,D. kellyaesp. nov.,Macandrewia schusteraesp. nov.,M. minimasp. nov.,Exsuperantia leviisp. nov.,Leiodermatium tubasp. nov. andSiphonidium elongatussp. nov., and are here described and illustrated. New bathymetric records were also found forD. ramifera,D. verrucosaandM. robusta. The Meteor seamount group has a higher species richness (15 species) compared to the Lusitanian seamount group (six species). The majority of the species had their distribution restricted to one seamount, and ten are only known from a single locality, but this can be a result of sample bias.

Discussion

The number of species shared between the seamounts and the Macaronesian islands is very reduced. The same pattern repeats between the NEA and Mediterranean Sea. This study demonstrates that NEA seamounts are ecosystems with a higher diversity of lithistids than previously thought, increasing the number of lithistids known to occur in the NEA and Mediterranean Sea from 26 to 36 species.
The role and proteomic analysis of ethylene in hydrogen gas-induced adventitious rooting development in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) explants
Authors: Huang Dengjing , Bian Biting , Zhang Meiling , Wang Chunlei , Li Changxia , Liao Weibiao
Published: April 2020

Previous studies have shown that both hydrogen gas (H2) and ethylene (ETH) play positive roles in plant adventitious rooting. However, the relationship between H2and ETH during this process has not been explored and remains insufficiently understood. In this study, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was used to explore the proteomic changes in ETH-H2-induced rooting. Our results show that hydrogen-rich water (HRW) and ethylene-releasing compound (ethephon) at proper concentrations promote adventitious rooting, with maximal biological responses occurring at 50% HRW or 0.5 µM ethephon. ETH inhibitors aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and AgNO3 cause partial inhibition of adventitious rooting induced by H2, suggesting that ETH might be involved in H2-induced adventitious rooting. According to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometric analyses, compared with the control, 9 proteins were up-regulated while 15 proteins were down-regulated in HRW treatment; four proteins were up-regulated while 10 proteins were down-regulated in ethephon treatment; and one protein was up-regulated while nine proteins were down-regulated in HRW+AVG treatment. Six of these differentially accumulated proteins were further analyzed, including photosynthesis -related proteins (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carall boxylase smsubunit (Rubisco), sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase), oxygen-evolving enhancer protein (OEE1)), amino and metabolism-related protein (threonine dehydratase (TDH)), stress response-related protein (cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (CAPX)), and folding, modification and degradation-related protein (protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI)). Moreover, the results of real-time PCR about the mRNA levels of these genes in various treatments were consistent with the 2-DE results. Therefore, ETH may be the downstream signaling molecule during H2- induced adventitious rooting and proteins Rubisco, SBPase, OEE1, TDH, CAPX and PDI may play important roles during the process.
Urbanization and Its Effects on Housing for the Urban Poor in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Wizor C. H. , Anthony E. N. Le-ol
Published: April 2020

Urbanization and its effect on housing for the urban poor cannot be over-emphasized particularly in the cities of the global south. The meaning that is attributed to such terms as ‘urbanization’ and ‘urban poor housing’ is frequently wide ranging and not precisely defined. Nevertheless, urban poor housing and urbanization are topical issues at local, regional and international levels which attracts the attention of policy makers and professionals. This study therefore, investigated urbanization and its effects on housing for the urban poor in Uyo metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. It adopted a cross-sectional research design, which involves the administration of the research questionnaire to the selected respondents in the study area. The responses of the respondents were analyzed using a descriptive statistical tool. The result of the investigation revealed that the majority of the apartments occupied by the urban poor in Uyo metropolis are mostly single rooms and self-contained which are mostly overcrowded. Many of the houses occupied by the urban poor do not have kitchen, toilet, and bathroom in them. Urban poor in the study area are mostly faced with problems of dirty environment, poor power supply, insecurity and lack of basic social amenities. The respondents affirmed that the houses are overcrowded while the nature of crime faced by the urban poor in the study area includes kidnapping (8.5%), pickpocket (22.4%) robbery (46.1%) and rape (23.1%) respectively. The study therefore, recommended amongst others, the provision of basic infrastructures such as electricity, good roads, educational institutions, pipe-borne water, etc. in the urban poor neigbourhoods, rehabilitating of the urban poor neighbourhoods through urban renewal strategies and reducing of the accessibility gap to urban facilities and services between the urban poor and other residents of the city. The study further recommends the utilization of sustainable strategies by the government of Akwa Ibom State to reduce the high rate of rural-urban migration noticed in the study area and the systematic overhauling of the security architecture in Uyo metropolis.