bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression, Death Anxiety, and the Related Factors in Nurses Caring for COVID-19 Patients at Kosar Hospital, Semnan, Iran
Authors: Nobahar Monir , Talebi Elnaz , Amaniyan Sara , Tarahomy Mansoreh
Published: July 2021

Background: The high incidence of COVID-19 has provided a challenge for healthcare systems in Iran, and may result in some psychological problems. Objectives: The study aims at describing depression, death anxiety, and the related factors in nurses caring for COVID-19 Patients at Kosar Hospital, Semnan, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 89 nurses caring for COVID-19 patients were selected in October 2020 via the census method. A demographic questionnaire, Beck’s Depression inventory, and Templer Death Anxiety scale were used to collect the required data. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Results: The mean scores of death anxiety and depression among nurses were 7.32 ± 1.75 and 10.82 ± 8.50 respectively. The results of the Pearson’s correlation-coefficient showed a significant positive correlation between death anxiety and depression (P = 0.05), death anxiety and nurses’ age (P < 0.05), death anxiety, and nurses’ work experience (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of the study revealed that nurses caring for COVID-19 patients are at high risk of death anxiety and depression. Thus, there is a need to identify these problems to prevent or reduce them with effective interventions.
Evaluation of Functional Recovery Following Achilles Tendon Ruptures by Shear Wave Elastography: A Before-and-After Study
Authors: Bian Donglin , Wang Xuemei , Huang Kun , Zhang Zhen
Published: July 2021

Background: Sonoelastography is extensively used for clinical diagnosis. Different types of elastography can be used to assess the elastic properties (stiffness) of tissues. For quantitative analyses, shear wave elastography (SWE) has been applied as a non-invasive method in the past decade. Today, SWE is widely used for diagnosing diseases. However, a limited number of studies have investigated musculoskeletal injuries and neoplastic diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative functional recovery of Achilles tendon ruptures by SWE to determine the Achilles tendon function and provide reliable evidence for clinicians. Patients and Methods: SWE was used to measure elasticity in 67 patients with Achilles tendon ruptures. In the postoperative stage, 17 patients were lost to follow-up. The remaining 50 patients with Achilles tendon ruptures were examined. Each patient was followed-up for one, three, and six months postoperatively. The 0° flexion of the ankle joint was considered as the standard position. The mean elasticity (Emean) of the Achilles tendon was measured and recorded at different time points before and after surgery. Besides, the thickness and width of the Achilles tendon were measured at the corresponding time points. Results: The mean elasticity (Emean) of normal and ruptured Achilles tendons was 447.4 ± 59.57 and 63.84 ± 45.18 kPa, respectively in 50 patients with ruptured Achilles tendons before surgery. On the other hand, the Emean values of ruptured Achilles tendons in one-, three-, and six-month follow-ups were 110.3 ± 35.60, 183.4 ± 46.08, and 279.1 ± 48.18 kPa in 50 patients, respectively. Regarding the Emean, the difference between the five time points was significant (F = 418.5, P < 0.01). With prolongation of postoperative recovery, the Emean of the Achilles tendon gradually increased; the Emean value significantly increased at six months after surgery. Conclusion: The quantitative analysis of the postoperative function of Achilles tendon, based on the Emean value obtained by SWE, can be helpful in guiding clinicians to objectively examine the prognosis of patients.
Comparison of Methods for Analyzing Radiological Response of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapeutic Treatment
Authors: Cantero Eloy , Llorca Javier , Cagigal-Cobo M. Luisa , Rodriguez-Sanjuan Juan Carlos , Campos-Sanudo Jose Antonio
Published: July 2021

Background: We analyzed different methods used to assess the radiological responses of patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and metastasectomy treatment for liver metastases associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) by comparing the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) 1.1, the modified RECIST, and the criteria of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) methods and the histological response obtained after metastasectomy. Objectives: We aimed to determine the optimal radiological method to assess the response of colorectal liver metastases to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of CRC patients treated for liver metastases who had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy in our hospital between January 2000 and December 2017. We analyzed the agreement between the methods for analyzing the radiological response using the quadratic weighted kappa coefficient (κ). We studied the overall survival and analyzed factors related to survival using the Kaplan-Meier method. We performed multivariate analysis to study the prognostic factors of survival. We analyzed the relationship between the radiological and histological responses using Goodman and Kruskal's gamma (γ). Results: A significant agreement was observed between the modified RECIST and EASL methods (κ = 0.841, P < 0.001). Cox regression multivariate analysis indicated the RECIST 1.1 criteria as an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.03). The γ value showed a significant relationship between the three radiological response methods and histological response. Conclusion: In our study, we showed that using RECIST 1.1 criteria is the ideal radiological analysis method for studying CRC liver metastases treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy when compared to other methods that are based on functional imaging markers.
Bacterial Etiology of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Turkey: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kahraman Kilbas Elmas Pinar , Kilbas Imdat , Ciftci Ihsan Hakki
Published: July 2021

Context: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are prevalent diseases and a major cause of referral to primary healthcare centers. The present study aimed to identify the bacterial etiology of LRTIs to determine the trend changes within the past three decades and help ascertain the new scenarios of empirical LRTI therapy in Turkey. Methods: This systematic review was conducted by searching various electronic databases based on specified criteria. In total, 2,670 articles were identified, which had been published during 1990 - 2020 and could be potentially used, and 46 scientific studies that met the eligibility criteria were selected for the review. Results: The most frequently isolated bacteria in the reviewed studies were Acinetobacter spp. (31.68%), P. aeruginosa (16.59%), H. influenzae (14.30%), and S. pneumoniae (13.80%). Data analysis also indicated that the most frequent reports of LRTI agents were in Aegean region in Turkey during 2014-2020. Conclusions: This systematic review reflected the changes in LRTI agents over the past three decades in Turkey. Knowledge of the frequency of LRTI bacterial agents specific to each country could help healthcare professionals in reporting laboratory results and prescribing/selecting the most effective antibiotics for the treatment of the disease.
Association of Oral Lichen Planus and Its Treatment on Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha: A Review Literature and Meta-analysis
Authors: Agha-Hosseini Farzaneh , Moosavi Mahdieh-Sadat , Sheykhbahaei Nafiseh
Published: July 2021

: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common chronic inflammatory disease. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is considered as a major mediator in inflammation reactions. No review articles have been done on evaluating TNF-α levels before and after performing standard treatments of OLP so far. This study aimed to provide a complete review on the association between this cytokine and OLP as well as determining the role of therapeutic agents in improving the OLP lesions by measuring the level of this cytokine. Some databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase (Ovid) with keywords of oral lichen planus, Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB), OLP, TNF-α, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha without time limit (2017 - 1900) were searched to collect the needed data from the related articles. For this purpose, 14 completely related articles were included in this study. Of them, 3 studies that assessed the effect of the standard treatment of oral lichen planus, were included in this meta-analysis. As a result, a significant effect of standard treatment on TNF-α levels in OLP patients has been shown (P-value = 0.02). TNF-α level in OLP patients was higher than in normal subjects, so it can be suggested that the TNF-α levels may be useful in determining prognosis and effectiveness of the treatment performed.
Judikatura Evropského soudu pro lidská práva v praxi Nejvyššího správního soudu
Authors: Kühn Zdeněk
Published: July 2021

Tento text se zaměřuje na kapitolu knihy Domestic Judicial Treatment of European Court of Human Rights Case Law: Beyond Compliance (KOSAŘ, D. et al. Routledge, 2020) věnovanou používání judikatury Evropského soudu pro lidská práva Nejvyšším správním soudem. Článek poukazuje na další důležité aspekty, které ovlivňují používání judikatury ESLP českými vrcholnými soudy. Tyto aspekty vyniknou zejména při srovnání se situací v Maďarsku a Polsku. Článek dále kriticky komentuje judikaturu Ústavního soudu při posuzování souladu zákona a mezinárodní lidskoprávní normy. Konečně, autor nabízí své situované úvahy soudce Nejvyššího správního soudu k případům, kdy se vnitrostátní soud vymezí proti rozsudku Evropského soudu pro lidská práva.
Relato de Experiência: Laboratório de Roteiro Para Multiplataforma
Authors: Correia Gabriel Costa
Published: July 2021

Este artigo trará um relato de experiência a partir dos projetos de extensão desenvolvidos pelo docente AUTOR, intitulados 1) Laboratório de Roteiro Para Multiplataformas:  Construção de mundos de histórias e narrativas extensas e 2) Laboratório de Roteiro para Multiplataformas e Novas Mídias realizados respectivamente entre Março e Agosto de 2019, e Outubro de 2019 e Março de 2020, nas dependências do Cineclube Coxiponés o campus Cuiabá da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT).
Prognostic factors in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Poštić Anka , Virijević Marijana
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by pathological proliferation of myeloid lineages. It predominantly occurs in patients over 60 years of age, whose outcome is considerably worse, as compared to younger patients. Aim: The aim of the study was the analysis of the clinical characteristics of older patients with AML and their impact on the following: achieving complete remission (CR), overall survival (OS), early mortality (EM), and relapse. Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 94 patients with AML, treated with chemotherapy and palliative treatment, whose information was taken from their medical histories, upon treatment. The following clinical features were analyzed as risk factors for OS, CR, relapse and EM: leukocytes, the level of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), performance status on the ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) scale, the European LeukemiaNet cytoplasmic risk group, the HCT-CI (hematopoietic cell transplantation - comorbidity index) and the NPM1/ FLT3-ITD (nucleophosmin 1/FLT3-internal tandem mutation) molecular status. For the identification of prognostic factors, the Cox regression analysis was used. Results: The average age of the patients was 69 years (range: 65 - 87). CR was achieved in 23 (46%) of the 50 patients (53.2%) who received intensive chemotherapy, with relapse occurring in 17/23 patients (73.9%). EM was reported in 17 patients (18.1%). Patients with ECOG PS > 2 had a statistically significantly lower OS than patients with ECOG PS < 2 (p = 0.030). Patients with HCT-CI > 3 had a poorer OS than patients with HCT-CI < 3 (p = 0.040). Serum LDH > 450 U/I was found to be a factor, i.e., marker of unfavorable prognosis for the OS, as compared to LDH < 450U/I (p = 0.044). Conclusion: The conclusion is that older AML patients with poorer ECOG PS, high HCT-CI, increased LDH levels have a poorer OS.
Building a Liberal Arts Tradition in India
Authors: Mino Takako
Published: July 2021

Postcolonial nations often struggle with the legacy of higher education systems built by and for the benefit of former colonizers. In India, several visionaries have endeavored to design new approaches to higher education that are suitable to India’s unique context while taking inspiration from the US liberal arts college model. Interest in the liberal arts has grown - in an interconnected world, where a broader scope of understanding is required to craft solutions to societal challenges, young Indians are seeking an alternative to the specialized university model that has dominated the Indian higher education landscape since colonial times. This paper explores the practice of the liberal arts in India through three questions: How does the liberal arts approach fit within the Indian context? How have Indian universities built their own liberal arts tradition? What tensions do these universities navigate? I collected data through a document analysis and interviews with founders, faculty, students, and alumni at three new liberal arts universities in India. While communicating the practical value of the liberal arts to a largely unfamiliar population, the universities built their own liberal arts tradition to help students appreciate, analyze, and develop a commitment to improving the Indian context. At the same time, universities faced numerous tensions: responding to pressures to produce highly employable graduates while remaining true to their institutional ideals, balancing wisdom from both the western liberal arts model and indigenous Indian traditions, and fostering greater inclusion while maintaining financial sustainability. The study’s findings contribute to the field of higher education in India and other postcolonial countries seeking to create new culturally relevant education traditions.
EXTERNAL ADJUSTMENT AND FLEXIBILITY OF THE EXCHANGE RATE REGIME: THE CASE OF TRANSITION COUNTRIES
Authors: Gligorić Dragan , Trenovski Borce , Kozheski Kristijan
Published: July 2021

Milton Friedman’s traditional claim is that flexible exchange rates facilitate external adjustment by means of their cor- rective movements before the balance of payments crisis occurs. In order to test this hypothesis, we employ the first order autoregression based on the panel data on exchange rate regime and external balance expressed as the share of balance of goods and services in GDP. The sample covers 16 Central and Eastern European (CEE) and 12 Common- wealth of Independent States (CIS) transition countries over the period 2000-2019. The results, which are based on the sample of all transition countries, failed to prove that more flexible exchange rate regimes facilitate external adjust- ment. When the analysis was performed on two groups of countries separately, the results showed that the deficit of balance of goods and services in CIS countries has a higher persistence compared to CEE countries. However, a more flexible exchange rate regime does not facilitate external ad- justment. On the other hand, in CEE countries, the relation- ship between exchange rate regime flexibility and the rate of balance of goods and services reversion exists, proving that Friedman’s hypothesis does hold.
THE EFFECTS OF MODIFIED CLAY ON CONTROLLED DRUG RELEASE SYSTEMS
Authors: Lacin Davut , Aroguz Ayse Zehra , Teoflović Vesna , Govedarica Olga , Pavličević Jelena , Janković Milovan , Budinski-Simendić́ Jaroslava
Published: July 2021

Recently, controlled drug release systems have been garnering a lot of attention, due to more targeted and effective approach for delivering drugs to a specific tissue. Because of a specific structure and natural abundance, clays are being added to those systems in order to increase its efficiency and minimize costs. In this study, controlled release kinetics of the drug active substance 5-Fluorouracil was studied, using halloysite clay/polymer drug carriers. For this purpose, the halloysite clay was initially modified with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). Drug carriers were prepared by adding modified halloysite clays in the mixtures of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate. Firstly, the swelling behaviour of the prepared substances was studied in buffer solutions at different pH. The drug release kinetics from the drug carriers, loaded with 5- Fluorouracil, was observed under a UV-spectrophotometer at 266 nm. Release profiles of the active substance were obtained by studying its release in buffer solutions at different pH. The results showed that the prepared drug carriers with modified halloysite clay were suitable for carrying and releasing of the 5-Fluorouracil.
POLYMERIC SCAFFOLDS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
Authors: AROGUZ Ayse Zehra
Published: July 2021

Polymeric materials are commonly used for many purposes in Tissue Engineering Applications. In particular, they are used as scaffolds which are specially prepared in cell growth studies as well as drug loading and release systems. In drug delivery and controlled release systems functional, scaffolds are widely used in order to send the drug to its target region. On the other hand, in cell growth systems patterned polymeric scaffolds are prepared and used to allow the cells to grow at a certain region with a particular form. For this purpose, different techniques are used for the adhesion of cells onto the material surfaces. In this study, patterned scaffolds from various polymers as Polymethylacrylate (PAM), Polystyrene (PS) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) were prepared using micro contact printing with the soft Lithographic Technique. The prepared materials were morphologically analyzed and cell growth was followed by using electron scanning microscope (SEM). Poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) molds were prepared in different shapes and used as stamp materials to transfer the designed patterns. The cell growth on these patterned surfaces was followed after seeding L929 mouse fibroblasts cells. Neutral Red Uptake Assay was applied to observe cell growth. The cell growth experiments showed that the cells were attached to the patterned surfaces and a significant increase in cell growth on the surfaces were observed.
POLYMER CONCRETE MIXTURES – APPLICATION IN ENGINEERING INDUSTRY
Authors: Poklemba Robert , Zajac Jozef , Duplakova Darina , Cizmar Peter , Goldyniak David
Published: July 2021

This article discusses the properties of concrete composite materials based on their contexture. Systematic and interactive approaches are required in order to achieve optimal material properties in the preparation of composite materials. In order to predict the physical and mechanical properties of each component of the composite material but also as a whole, its optimization, not only the mechanical but also the material properties under different working conditions, requires a combination of different methods and technologies. The advantage of each composite is its specific properties that cannot be achieved by any component of the composite material alone. The strength of the materials based on polymer concrete mixtures can be compared to the strength properties of metals. On the other hand, this material has elastic properties which give the material a high degree of flexibility. When compared to conventional materials, the value of polymer composites is assessed not only in terms of excellent mechanical properties but also in terms of their low weight and cost. The aim of the paper is to describe the advantages and disadvantages of composites based on polymer concrete mixtures.
THE INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO INTELLIGENT HELPDESK SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Milićević Vladimir , Milovanović Slavoljub
Published: July 2021

The paper examines the current state and the possibilities of using contemporary approaches and tools in HelpDesk systems development with the aim to examine its disadvantages. Disadvantages are accurately analyzed and the paper gives clear guidance how to eliminate them. It has been noticed that current design and development approaches have their own advantages and disadvantages. The application of the unified approach that combines the best individual characteristics of the existing approaches enables development of an automated HelpDesk system that is capable of expanding its own expertise. By combining unified aspect approach with the zero tolerance model driven approach, a new innovative approach to the development of a wide range of expert systems is obtained. This innovative approach is characterized by the highest possible degree of modularity. The application of the aforementioned approaches has also enabled expansion and improvement of the existing expert systems used for servicing numerous companies operating in various fields of business.
CONDITIONS FOR EFFECTIVE INTERVENTION OF OMBUDSMEN IN ANTI-DISCRIMINATION COURT PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Raosavljević Predrag
Published: July 2021

It is beyond any doubt that victims of human rights violations are rarely in position to initiate court proceedings fighting systematic discrimination themselves, which makes the role of human rights institutions indispensable. This specific mandate gives rise to numerous questions, such as: to what extent state institution takes the role of the legal representative, what capacities should it possess, on what basis it selects the cases meriting court intervention, is court intervention equally suitable in all areas of human rights protection and which analyzed model from Europe or wider has proved to be the most effective? Article offers analysis of court interventions in federal states with complex government structure and multiple institutions mandated with human rights protection, be it Ombudsmen Institution or Equality Body, court interventions in states with single human rights institution, comparative practice present in various European states, as well as interventions of human rights bodies before European tribunals. Author outlines the legal framework, human resources, and administrative structure that need to be provided, so that court interventions would have the desired effect and generate positive changes. In this process, it is of paramount importance to respect existing legal traditions and intrinsic practices, which proved their practical applicability over time, while any attempt to use legal transplants, with a goal of hastily unification of national legal orders and imposing transnational jurisdiction, can only produce confusion and countereffects.
Eclampsia: A Well Preparedness Can Save the Day
Authors: Mahatme Kirti Gujarkar , Deshmukh Pratibha , Deshmukh Priyanka , Siddardha Shiliveri Sadhan
Published: July 2021

Maternal mortality is one of the indicators of an efficiently working healthcare system. Eclampsia is one of the preventable causes of maternal mortality and thus it is important to identify the signs in the preeclampsia phase and treat it efficiently to prevent the mishap. Many times, the detection of eclampsia is delayed due to improper history, late referral, ignorance, and delay in transportation or hospitalization. This report presents a 22 yr. old pregnant female, who presented to the hospital and before considering her for admission and shifting to ward, she threw convulsions. This report emphasizes on successful and timely management of such cases and the precautions which help to reduce maternal and fetal mortality.
Analysis of Haematological Parameters Correlates with the Physiological Variables among Mild COVID-19 Patients Admitted in the Tertiary Care Hospital of Pune District
Authors: Palve Suchita Sachin , Chaudhari Pallavi Sachin , Devhare Deepa , Kulkarni Gauri Milind
Published: July 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has put global health at stake by creating havoc all over the world, due to which the world, as well as health agencies, are experiencing the greatest challenges of all times. This disease is a health emergency due to its high level of infectiousness and due to the non-availability of any specific treatment. COVID 19 is a health emergency due to its high infectiousness, as currently, there is no treatment available

Objectives: To determine the significance of physiological and haematological parameters in the diagnosis of COVID 19 infection and compare these parameters according to comorbid conditions during the disease progression among mild COVID 19 patients.

Methodology: This retrospective, observational study was carried out in a designated tertiary care hospital to address COVID19 patients in the Pune district. Various parameters like age, height, weight, BMI, various physiological variables, haematological parameters, and CRP levels were assessed among 202 COVID 19 diagnosed patients on day one and on day 10 of the hospital stay. Results: Out of the total study participants, 112 were male, and 90 were females with an average age of (43.43±15.07) and (51.8±16.35) respectively.

Conclusion: Study of physiological and haematological parameters and their interrelation will help in understanding the impact of COVID 19 infection on the reactive inflammatory responses and will help in understanding the prognosis of the disease.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Metoclopramide Versus Dexamethasone for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea Vomiting during General Anesthesia
Authors: Arjan Sunil , Zahoor Naila , Nadeem Kenza , Liaquat Farah , Mughal Tariq Hussain , Arshad Muneeba
Published: July 2021

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Metoclopramide versus Dexamethasone for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting during general anesthesia.

Study Design:This is a Randomized control trial (RCT) study.

Setting: Study carried out at Department of Anaesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care Unit and Pain Management, Clinic, Dow University of Health Sciences and  Dr. Ruth Pfau  Hospital Karachi, from December 2018 to June 2019.

Materials and Methods:110 patients undergoing elective surgeries, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and gave informed consent were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to either group M or group D, with 55 patients in each group. All patients were then administered either intravenous dexamethasone (8mg) in group D or intravenous metoclopramide (10mg) in group M at the time of induction of anesthesia. The main outcome measure was postoperative nausea and vomiting, at the end of 6th hour postoperatively. The SPSS version 21 was applied to the data.

Results: Majority of the patients 66 (60%) were of age 35 years or less. Mean age of the patients was 35.09±11.55 years. There were more females than males, with male to female ratio being 1:1.03. Overall, in patients receiving metoclopramide, 12(21.8%)  had postoperative nausea and vomiting, while in patients who received dexamethasone, only 4 (7.3%) patients had post-operative nausea and vomiting. When comparing two groups, there was statistically significant (p= 0.02) reduced postoperative nausea/vomiting among those patients who had received intravenous dexamethasone.

Conclusion: Intravenous dexamethasone is more effective than Metoclopramide in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients during general anesthesia.
Modelling the Enablers of Green and Sustainable Practices in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry- An ISM Approach
Authors: Raiyarela Miloni , Mehendale Smita
Published: July 2021

Rising environmental issues and production of hazardous waste by the pharmaceutical industry has created a harmful impact on society, the environment, and pharmaceutical companies' reputation. It has given rise to the need to adopt and integrate green and sustainable pharmaceutical company’s practices to mitigate environmental degradation's negative effects. The aim is to identify hierarchical interrelationships between these variables and determine their significance through MICMAC analysis and Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM). The study identified ten significant enablers by exploring literature review and consultation with the industry experts from the Indian Pharmaceutical sector, which led to an understanding of their interrelationships. A four-level model was derived through the ISM technique. Pressure from the customer was found to be the most important enabler, followed by top management commitment and regulation. These enablers carry high driving power. The model developed through this study will help the pharmaceutical companies and their managers to implement green processes systematically.
Comparative Evaluation of Soaking Characteristics of Chickpea using Ambient water, Hot water and Microwave-assisted Heating
Authors: Behera Gitanjali , Madhumita Mitali , Meher Nayan Kumar , Das Malay Ranjan , Pradhan Sarthak
Published: July 2021

Aims: Soaking followed by cooking is the main aspect of chickpea processing which reduces the time consumption in the cooking process for achieving the desired cooking texture and nutritional qualities. But soaking chickpea in ambient water is very time-consuming. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to study the soaking characteristics of chickpea in different soaking conditions.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Agricultural Engineering, Centurion University of Technology & Management, between January 2021 to June 2021.

Methodology: The chickpea was soaked in ambient water, hot water, and microwave heating applications.

Results: The initial moisture content of the chickpea was found to be 14.39 % wet basis throughout the experiments. The moisture gain experimental was calculated and was found to be 45.21 % dry basis (db) in ambient water soaking. In the hot water soaking, the moisture gain was estimated to be 50.74 % db, 53.28 % db, and 65.18 % db at 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C, respectively after 360 min (6h) of soaking period. The moisture gains in microwave-assisted soaking at 0.2 W/g, 0.4 W/g, 0.6 W/g, 0.8 W/g, and 1.0 W/g power densities levels were found to be 44.78 % db, 64.44 % db, 81.42 % db, 106.36 % db, and 115.95 % db, respectively after 10 min. The Peleg model was found to be suitable for describing the soaking characteristics of chickpea at all soaking conditions with higher R2 values. The Peleg capacity constant and rate constant didn’t show any particular trend in all the soaking methods.

Conclusion: Among all the soaking methods, microwave-assisted soaking showed the best soaking characteristics of chickpea with less time consumption and with more amount of moisture gain. Therefore, microwave-assisted may be recommended for soaking chickpea which is a less time-consuming and energy-saving process.
A GESTÃO DA INFORMAÇÃO ORGÂNICA E A GESTÃO DOCUMENTAL NO CONTEXTO DO PRONTUÁRIO DO PACIENTE DE UNIDADES BÁSICAS DE SAÚDE
Authors: Santos Beatriz Rosa Pinheiro dos , Vitoriano Marcia Cristina De Carvalho Pazin , Damian Ieda Pelógia Martins
Published: July 2021

O prontuário do paciente é um importante elemento do sistema de informação, produz e disponibiliza diariamente uma grande quantidade de informação que representa a trajetória de vida relativa à saúde de inúmeras pessoas. Diante disso, o objetivo da pesquisa é apresentar conceituações de gestão da informação orgânica e de gestão documental e enfatizar sua importância no contexto do prontuário do paciente. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritivo-exploratória, de natureza qualitativa, e de cunho teórico. O resultado demonstrou que a realização e a utilização dos processos de gestão da informação orgânica e de gestão documental apenas serão possíveis por meio da conscientização dos profissionais sobre a importância da gestão da informação orgânica; do mapeamento do fluxo de informação do prontuário; da identificação das necessidades de informação dos profissionais; da coleta e seleção das informações relevantes no prontuário; do tratamento, classificação, armazenamento e acesso das informações, controle documental, classificação e ordenação, descrição, instalação, depósito, avaliação, seleção e eliminação do prontuário, bem como de um plano de prevenção de riscos para este documento. Além disso, por meio do auxilio técnico dos profissionais da informação, principalmente o arquivista, ou seja, por intermédio do fortalecimento da cultura informacional da unidade de saúde.
SISTEMA DE RECUPERAÇÃO DA INFORMAÇÃO: uma abordagem baseada em ontologias
Authors: De Magalhães Lúcia Helena , Souza Renato Rocha
Published: July 2021

Com a expansão da grande rede mundial de computadores e o crescimento da popularidade da web, um amplo volume de dados é gerado e publicado em inúmeras páginas da internet nas quais se encontram dados das mais diversas áreas do conhecimento. Em consequência disso, surgiu uma grande demanda pela busca de informações relevantes neste emaranhado de dados, fazendo aflorar importantes estudos relacionados à Recuperação da Informação. Nesse cenário, a presente pesquisa evidencia-se como uma análise descritiva, baseada em revisão de literatura, sobre os Sistemas de Recuperação da Informação que utilizam as ontologias para melhorar os resultados da pesquisa informacional. E tem como objetivo descrever as características básicas dos Sistemas de Recuperação da Informação, apresentar considerações sobre ontologias e destacar como esses conceitos podem ser utilizados para melhorar a relevância das consultas solicitadas pelos usuários. Com base nos trabalhos estudados, verificou-se que os Sistemas de Recuperação de Informação que fazem uso de ontologias apresentam melhor precisão nos resultados das consultas se comparados com os sistemas cujos modelos são baseados em palavras-chave e que não utilizam recursos capazes de capturar as conceptualizações associadas às necessidades de conteúdo dos usuários.
FONTES DE INFORMAÇÃO ESPECIALIZADA EM AFRICANIDADES
Authors: Carvalho Wellington Marçal de , Rezende Angerlânia , Gomes Gracielle Mendonça Rodrigues
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho objetiva a identificação de algumas fontes de informação, de diferentes tipologias, que versam sobre africanidades. A metodologia realizada foi: levantamento de fontes de informação relacionadas à África na literatura nacional e internacional da Ciência da Informação sobre a temática; pesquisa em motores de busca para a identificação de sites e/ou instituições produtoras ou responsáveis por fontes relacionadas à África; obtenção de informações sobre fontes relacionadas à África mediante contato com pesquisadores da área de Ciência da Informação e/ou através de contatos de pesquisadores africanos; coleta inicial de dados e verificação de informações referentes a outras fontes ou outras bases de dados sobre africanidades; verificação da disponibilidade de acesso às fontes através da Internet e realização da coleta de informações sobre as fontes mediante o preenchimento dos critérios descritos no tópico ‘Apresentação e descrição das fontes de informação’; e elaboração de guia inicial de fontes. Selecionaram-se 19 fontes. Considera-se esse tema razoável e relevante para os profissionais da informação que atuam, seja no campo da formação e disseminação de acervos, seja os que realizam pesquisa e geração de conhecimento, ou, ainda, os que se atrelam a dimensão mediadora entre consulentes e fontes de informação que tratam sobre a África.
O CONCEITO ACCOUNTABILITY NA CIÊNCIA DA INFORMAÇÃO: uma pesquisa na literatura indexada pela BRAPCI
Authors: Rego Herbert De Oliveira , Freire Isa Maria , Souza Edivânio Duarte de
Published: July 2021

A promoção da transparência na atuação do Estado é um dos pilares da participação cidadã. Nesse contexto, emerge o movimento da accountability como forma de conhecimento, acompanhamento e controle da atuação dos agentes públicos. Este trabalho analisa a produção científica na temática  publicada em periódicos brasileiros indexados pela Base de Dados em Ciência da Informação (BRAPCI), no campo da Ciência da Informação no Brasil. Parte do pressuposto de que a absorção do conceito de  pela área da Ciência da Informação contribuirá para uma nova e relevante fronteira de ação e pesquisa nesse campo científico. Na execução da pesquisa, adotou-se o método indiciário e o brauseio como instrumentos para a identificação dos indícios da produção sobre a temática na literatura indexada. Os dados foram organizados em quadros que apresentam os indicadores da produção analisada e condicionam melhor entendimento acerca do movimento de  no Brasil. Os resultados demonstram que, no período de 1978 a 2018, o número de publicações sobre a temática aumentou gradualmente e nos últimos anos apresenta 18 artigos de 46 autores e co-autores, que produziram literatura onde o termo  é abordado ou citado. Conclui que a presença de pesquisas sobre a temática, na Ciência da Informação, já é uma realidade, mas há a necessidade da realização de estudos que contemplem teorias, metodologias e tecnologias que condicionem a efetividade da accoutability na promoção da transparência da atuação dos agentes públicos.
Reconfigurable Multifunctional Ambipolar Polymer‐Blend Transistors with Improved Switching‐Off Capability
Authors: Wei Peng , Wang Xudong , Li Xianglong , Han Songyu , Qiao Nan , Zhang Peng , Deng Yunfeng , Zhang Wei , Bu Laju , Lu Guanghao
Published: July 2021

Ambipolar field‐effect transistors allowing both holes and electrons transport can work in different states, which are attractive for simplifying the manufacture of circuits and endowing the circuits with reconfigurable multi‐functionalities. However, conventional ambipolar transistors intrinsically suffer from poor switching‐off capability because the gate electrode is not able to simultaneously deplete holes and electrons across the entire transport channel, which hurdles the practical applications. This study shows that the switching‐off capability of polymer ambipolar transistor is significantly improved by up to three orders by introducing non‐uniformly distributed compensation potentials along the channel to synchronically tune the charge transport at different channel locations. The non‐uniform compensation potential is experimentally generated by the non‐uniformly distributed electret charges, which are pre‐injected into the insulators from source and drain electrodes. By this method, both n‐type and p‐type operations with high mobility (2.2 and 0.8 cm2s−1V−1 respectively) and high on/off ratio (105) are obtained in the same device, and the different states are reversibly switchable. Moreover, this method endows the device with diverse device characteristics and reconfigurable multi‐functionalities, which promotes the application of ambipolar transistors in complementary metal‐oxide semiconductors‐like circuits and some emerging electronics, including reconfigurable devices, multi‐level memories, and artificial synapses.
Recent Advances in Carbon Material‐Based Multifunctional Sensors and Their Applications in Electronic Skin Systems
Authors: Guo Yunjian , Wei Xiao , Gao Song , Yue Wenjing , Li Yang , Shen Guozhen
Published: July 2021

Electronic skin (e‐skin) is driving significant advances in flexible electronics as it holds great promise in health monitoring, human–machine interfaces, soft robotics, and so on. Flexible sensors that can detect various stimuli or have multiple properties play an indispensable role in e‐skin. Despite tremendous research efforts devoted to flexible sensors with excellent performance regarding a certain sensing mode or property, emerging e‐skin demands multifunctional flexible sensors to be endowed with the skin‐like capability and beyond. Considering outstanding superiorities of electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and ease of functionalization, carbon materials are adopted to implement multifunctional flexible sensors. In this review, the latest advances of carbon‐based multifunctional flexible sensors with regard to the types of detection modes and abundant properties are introduced. The corresponding preparation process, device structure, sensing mechanism, obtained performance, and intriguing applications are highlighted. Furthermore, diverse e‐skin systems by integrating current cutting‐edge technologies (e.g., data acquisition and transmission, neuromorphic technology, and artificial intelligence) with carbon‐based multifunctional flexible sensors are systematically investigated in detail. Finally, the existing problems and future developing directions are also proposed.
Size Effect of Organosulfur and In Situ Formed Oligomers Enables High‐Utilization Na–Organosulfur Batteries
Authors: Tang Shuai , Chen Qiliang , Si Yubing , Guo Wei , Mao Bingwei , Fu Yongzhu
Published: July 2021

Organosulfurs are promising cathode materials for rechargeable metal batteries due to their high capacities, diverse structures, and electrochemical properties. Herein, the electrochemical behavior of three organosulfur compounds, i.e., 4,4′‐thiobisbenzenethiol (TBBT), 1,4‐benzenedithiol (1,4‐BDT), and diphenyl disulfide (DPDS), is revealed in room‐temperature rechargeable sodium (Na) batteries, which show significantly improved performances when sodiated Nafion membranes are used. Large oligomers of organosulfur can be formed during charging, and they are readily blocked by the nanosized ion‐conducting clusters in the Nafion membrane. In addition, large organosulfur monomers can also be blocked. Only 5.4% of TBBT diffuses through the Nafion membrane after 800 h. The Na|TBBT cell sustains 77% of the theoretical capacity after 300 cycles (2420 h). Moreover, the Na|TBBT redox flow cell shows promising rechargeability. Due to the medium molecular size, the organosulfur oligomers are expected to provide a new avenue to develop high‐capacity chalcogen cathodes, besides inorganic S and S‐containing polymers.
Temperature‐Triggered Supramolecular Assembly of Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Chen Hongliang , Zhang Weining , Ren Shizhao , Zhao Xingang , Jiao Yang , Wang Yu , Stoddart J. Fraser , Guo Xuefeng
Published: July 2021

Supramolecular assembly is a promising bottom‐up approach for producing materials that behave as charge transporting components in electronic devices. Although extensive advances have been made during the past two decades, formidable challenges exist in controlling the local randomness present in supramolecular assemblies. Here, a temperature‐triggered supramolecular assembly strategy using heat to heal defects and disorders is reported. The central concept of the molecular design—named the "Tetris strategy" in this research—is to: i) increase the rotational freedom of the molecules through thermal perturbation, ii) induce conformation‐fitting of adjacent molecules through two different kinds of intermolecular [π···π] interactions, and finally iii) lock the nearby molecules in inactive co‐conformations. Experimentally, upon heating to 57 °C, amorphous solid‐state films undergo spontaneous assembly, leading to the growth of uniform and highly ordered microwire arrays. Temperature‐triggered supramolecular assembly provides an approach closer to the precision control of assembled structures and presents with a broad canvas to work on in approaching a new generation of supramolecular electronics. Tetris is a registered trademark of Tetris Holding, LLC, used with permission.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Kalafungin Based on CuI‐Catalyzed Tandem Reactions of Arylethynes Containing an Ortho‐(1‐Hydroxyethyl) Substituent with Alkyl Diazoacetates
Authors: Song Xiaoqing , Wang Ruizhi , Shi Liang , Luo Tianlong , Gao Zhiyu , Ren Li , Zhou Wenming , Hao Hong‐Dong
Published: July 2021

An isochromene synthesis is developed utilizing a cascade reaction involving a CuI catalyzed coupling reaction between an alkyne and diazoacetate followed by allenoate isomerization and subsequent oxa‐Michael addition. The cascade sequence was also demonstrated for the synthesis of naphthalenes. Furthermore, the methodology developed herein was applied toward a stereoselective synthesis of pyranonaphthoquinone kalafungin.

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Fusion of Stacked Nanowires: From Atomistic to Analytical Models
Authors: Devaraj Harish , Jahangir Md. Naim , Gao Zhongwei , Chang Chih‐hung , Malhotra Rajiv
Published: July 2021

Fusion of metallic nanowires (NWs) is of increasing interest for fabricating printed devices. Atomistic simulations of inter‐NW neck growth during thermal fusion of vertically stacked silver nanowires (NWs) with nonorthogonal axes are performed, a geometric configuration that is commonly seen in applications. High NW rotation during fusion is uncovered surprisingly and found that it accelerates inter‐NW neck growth beyond that explainable by conventional geometric arguments. Rotation‐regulated surface diffusion and dislocation generation are found to be the culpable mechanisms and are shown to be dominant in distinct regimes of initial NW orientation. Motivated by these atomistic observations, an original analytical model of inter‐NW neck growth is formulated and validated. The model accurately predicts the unusual trends in neck growth with six orders of magnitude lesser computational effort than atomistic simulations. Further, it can handle nonisothermal temperature histories over millisecond time scales for NWs up to 100 nm in diameter, a capability that is beyond the reach of typical atomistic simulations. The impact of the revealed spatial disparity of nanoscale neck growth on the properties of random‐packed NW assemblies, and the foundational role of the model in rational design and processing of printed multi‐NW assemblies for a range of applications are discussed.
Ultrathin Two‐Dimensional Plasmonic PtAg Nanosheets for Broadband Phototheranostics in Both NIR‐I and NIR‐II Biowindows
Authors: Zhang Ying , Shen Qi , Li Qi , He Panpan , Li Jinyan , Huang Feng , Wang Jing , Duan Yefan , Shen Chuang , Saleem Faisal , Luo Zhimin , Wang Lianhui
Published: July 2021

Broadband near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal and photoacoustic agents covering from the first NIR (NIR‐I) to the second NIR (NIR‐II) biowindow are of great significance for imaging and therapy of cancers. In this work, ultrathin two‐dimensional plasmonic PtAg nanosheets are discovered with strong broadband light absorption from NIR‐I to NIR‐II biowindow, which exhibit outstanding photothermal and photoacoustic effects under both 785 and 1064 nm lasers. Photothermal conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of PtAg nanosheets reach 19.2% under 785 nm laser and 45.7% under 1064 nm laser. The PCE under 1064 nm laser is higher than those of most reported inorganic NIR‐II photothermal nanoagents. After functionalization with folic acid modified thiol‐poly(ethylene glycol) (SH‐PEG‐FA), PtAg nanosheets endowed with good biocompatibility and 4T1 tumor‐targeted function give high performances for photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapy (PTT) in vivo under both 785 and 1064 nm lasers. The effective ablation of tumors in mice can be realized without side effects and tumor metastasis by PAI‐guided PTT of PtAg nanosheets under 785 or 1064 nm laser. The results demonstrate that the prepared PtAg nanosheets with ultrathin thickness and small size can serve as a promising phototheranostic nanoplatform for PAI‐guided PTT of tumors in both NIR‐I and NIR‐II biowindows.