bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH SISTEM OLAH TANAH DAN PEMBERIAN MULSA ORGANIK TERHADAP ALIRAN PERMUKAAN DAN EROSI PADA PERTANAMAN KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata) MUSIM TANAM KE EMPAT DI LABORATORIUM LAPANG TERPADU FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS LAMPUNG
Authors: Jaya Ahmad Shan Kemala , Banuwa Irwan Sukri , Novpriansyah Hery , Utomo Muhajir
Published: June 2020

Tillage can significantly affect soil susceptibility to erosion which can accelerate and increase the rate of erosion. The use of mulch can reduce erosion by reducing the impact energy of falling rain so it does not damage the structure and aggregate of the soil, reducing speed, volume and scouring of surface runoff. This study aims to determine the effect of (1) tillage systems on surface runoff and erosion in green bean plant  (2) applying organic mulch to the amount of surface runoff and erosion in green bean plant  (3) the interaction between the tillage system and the use of mulch on surface runoff and erosion in green bean plant . This research was conducted in March to June 2017 in the Integrated Field Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The design used is factorial in the Complete Randomized Block Design (RCBD) on two treatment factors namely the tillage system and the mulch with four replications. The results showed that the tillage system did not significantly affect all observed variables. In the treatment of giving and without mulch also did not significantly affect all observed variables. The response of surface runoff and erosion in green bean plant  to the tillage system does not depend on the organic mulch shown on all variables.
POPULASI DAN TINGKAT SERANGAN HAMA KUTU PUTIH PADA UBI KAYU (Manihot esculenta Crantz) PADA BEBERAPA LOKASI PENANAMAN	DI LAMPUNG
Authors: Sidarlin Sidarlin , Swibawa I Gede , Hariri Agus Muhammad , Susilo FX
Published: June 2020

The research aimed at studying the level of attack and population of mealybug cassava in multiple cassava planting locations in Lampung Province takes place from September 2017 to January 2018. Sampling was carried out in several cassava planting locations in five villages in five sub-districts in South Lampung, Central Lampung, and East Lampung. Attack crop samples were ten plants that were systematically chosen, each at five sample points located on four diagonal lines and one at the midpoint of each field. One plant at each sample point was selected for observation of the mealybug population. The laboratory process is carried out at the Plant Pests Laboratory, Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The results showed that mealybug  were found in all locations of observation with a low population density of 0.68-3.26 individuals. per 3 leaves. Location of cassava planting does not affect the population of mealybug  but this location affects crop damage which ranges from 47 - 59%. Damage to plants in South Lampung is lower than damage to plants in East Lampung and Tanjung Bintang.
Towards a Resilient Server with an external VMI in the Virtualization Environment
Authors: Utomo Agus Priyo , Winarno Idris , Syarif Iwan
Published: June 2020

Currently, cloud computing technology is implemented by many industries in the world. This technology is very promising due to many companies only need to provide relatively smaller capital for their IT infrastructure. Virtualization is the core of cloud computing technology. Virtualization allows one physical machine to runs multiple operating systems. As a result, they do not need a lot of physical infrastructures (servers). However, the existence of virtualization could not guarantee that system failures in the guest operating system can be avoided. In this paper, we discuss the monitoring of hangs in the guest operating system in a virtualized environment without installing a monitoring agent in the guest operating system. There are a number of forensic applications that are useful for analyzing memory, CPU, and I/O, and one of it is called as LibVMI. Drakvuf, black-box binary analysis system, utilizes LibVMI to secure the guest OS. We use the LibVMI library through Drakvuf plugins to monitor processes running on the guest operating system. Therefore, we create a new plugin to Drakvuf to detect Hangs on the guest operating system running on the Xen Hypervisor. The experiment reveals that our application is able to monitor the guest operating system in real-time. However, Extended Page Table (EPT) violations occur during the monitoring process. Consequently, we need to activate the altp2m feature on Xen Hypervisor to by minimizing EPT violations.
Implementation of Oxymetry Sensors for Cardiovascular Load Monitoring When Physical Exercise
Authors: Tisna Dhodit Rengga , Al Rasyid M. Udin Harun , Sukaridhoto Sritrusta
Published: June 2020

The performance condition of an athlete must always be maintained, one way to maintain that performance is by training. Each individual has different abilities and physiological responses in receiving the portion of the exercise. Physical exercise that exceeds the body's ability can worsen the condition of the athlete itself which can result in excessive fatigue (overtraining) or can even result in injury. Therefore a system is needed to monitor the condition of the physiological response when given the intensity of the training load so that the portion of the training provided provides positive benefits for the athlete. This system was developed using an oxymetry sensor, microcontroller and wifi module ESP8266.  This system is used to collect heart rate and oxygen saturation data, then with the existing formula the heart rate value is converted to a CVL (Cardiovascular Load) value to determine the level of fatigue in athletes when given the intensity of the training load. By using a web-based application, measurement data is displayed in realtime to make it easier to see the results of monitoring. From the experimental results the system can monitor changes in the physiological condition of the athlete when given the intensity of the training load. Finally, the developed system can collect athlete's physiological data, and can store the data in a database and display it in a web application.
Developing Shooter Game Interaction using Eye Movement Glasses
Authors: Iskandar Abdullah , Basuki Achmad , Nurindiyani Artiarini Kusuma , Putra Faris Rasyadi , Safrodin Mohamad
Published: June 2020

A quadriplegic is a paralysis that affects limitations in some physical movements and psychological disorders. They have limited media to interact with computers so a suitable solution is needed in the form of a media that can recognize other body parts movements which in this research uses eye movement. one of the solutions to this problem is to propose alternative technologies to interact and play games. We propose a simple technique by using a camera mounted on the glasses that will take the eye area. This technique will help reduce unnecessary parts of eye detection so that performance increases. The eyes will be processed using basic image processing and then determined the center position of the pupil using the Mean method. This system consists of pupil movements for pointer motion control and blinking of eyes for shooting. The performance test of this method toward the system, which has used 10 people with 7 experiments, shows an accuracy of 84.86 percent, the speed of movement with a duration of 2.22 seconds and the speed of response blinking with a duration of 0.026 seconds. In addition, we can distinguish between intentional blink and unintentional blink in which intentional blink has a duration of 0.30 seconds and unintentional 0.12 seconds. It can be concluded that by using this method and this technique is able to achieve good accuracy and also able to use intentional blink as shoot trigger.
Eligibility Study on Floating Solar Panel Installation over Brackish Water in Sungsang, South Sumatra
Authors: Sasmanto Andri Agus , Dewi Tresna , Rusdianasari
Published: June 2020

Electric generation using the photovoltaic (PV) effect is considered ideal in South Sumatra as a response to the government policy to increase the utilization of renewable energy to support the depletion of conventional energy. PV panels can be installed in a fishing village in the Sungsang Estuary. This paper examined the eligibility analysis for the installation of PV panels on brackish water. In this research, two Panels are installed, the first one is floating over a water body, and the second is ground mounted as a comparison of electricity produced and efficiency. The Jsc floating and ground mounting differ in 0.4435 A. The measured Jload in floating PV panels is 0.3900 A higher than the ground mounting. The  measured Voc at the floating PV panels is 0.2935 V higher, and the Vload of the floating PV panel is 3.0742 V higher than the ground mount. The differences are due to the floating PV panel surface temperature being lower than ground mounting. Electricity generated by floating PV panels is averagely 11.89 Watt higher, and the efficiency is 4% higher than that of ground installation. This experiment also shows that PV panels can be installed over brackish water in the fishing village of Sungsang Estuary.
Formulasi Pengaturan Tahapan Pra Kontrak dalam Proses Pembentukan Kontrak di Indonesia
Authors: Ardyo Bebeto
Published: June 2020

The increasement of human needs in society goes hand in hand with the development of technology. To meet these needs, there must be interaction between people which sometimes has the potential to cause disputes. That’s why a contract is needed. The existence of a contract guarantees legal certainty regarding protection of the rights of the parties and also the obligations that they must fulfill. There are several stages of contract formation which consist of pre-contract and agreement between the parties. According to the system in the Book III of Indonesia’s Code of Civil Law, consensus is the base for the formation of contract that means once the agreement has reached between the parties then a contract is formed. Indonesia’s Code of Civil Law doesn’t yet regulate pre-contract stages of contract formation, even though these stages are equally important. The regulation of pre-contract stages are usually set in the common law system, but along with the times, the regulation of pre-contract stages should also be regulated in the civil law system. As a comparison, Het Nieuw Burgerlijke Wetboek (New Civil Code of Netherlands) has already regulated that pre-contract stages, although the Netherlands is a country that implements civil law system. The pre-contract stages are very important to be regulated in Indonesia because there are many potential pre-contractual issues. This paper aims to formulate the outline of what needs to be regulated in the pre-contract regulations.

Keywords : Interaction, Contract, Formation, Civil Code
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMUNICATION IN AN ORGANISATION: A CASE OF SELECTED MULTINATIONAL COMPANY IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Mahmud Nurazree , Muhammed Zulfikri Nur Khalisah , Ismail Irzan , Miskam Zamri
Published: June 2020

Communication effectiveness has been one of important factors in daily life covering workplaces, relationships, and all sorts of human interaction. As a workplace or even learning centres, any organisation shall need to practise good and effective communication, from within and outside organisation, to achieve its goals. Many researchers have developed and shared various theories, models and frameworks with regards to this topic of interest due to its cruciality to be achieved and practised. However, communication is a very broad subject and is affected by many internal and external factors. The internal and external factors may both refer to communication barriers, which could be a stimulus, a situation or even an object that may hinder or prohibit any part of a communication process making it harder for messages to be encoded and decoded precisely by parties involved. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors influencing effective communication in an organisation. This research is a qualitative research that used questionnaires as the instrument for collection of data. The data was collected and viable at 77% out of 69 respondents which was derived from the total population of 90 elements. Sample selection was based on a non-probability approach. The data collected was then evaluated by using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) through which numerous tests were converged such as reliability test, normality test, frequency distribution, descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that organisational environment affects effective communication more than language and culture do.

Keywords: Effective Communication, Organisation, Cultural Studies
THE FAST TRACK PROJECT: THE FIRST STEP TOWARDS IMPROVING DIVORCE CASES IN SHARIAH COURT, MALAYSIA
Authors: Muhammud Farah Safura
Published: June 2020

Shariah Court is an institution that plays an important role in governing divorces in Malaysia. The increase of divorce cases that occur in Malaysia pressurizes the Shariah Court in some ways. The administration of these divorce cases needs to be administered more effectively to ensure the smoothness of each case. This study was done to investigate and identify the most registered cases in the Shariah Court in Malaysia. In addition, this study serves to identify the workflow for the newly introduced project concerning divorce cases called “the fast track”. This will help to overcome the divorce case backlogs that will happen in the future. To ensure the success of this study, a number of employees has been interviewed, ranging from the judges, attorneys and assistant registrars for the Shariah Court. The results of the study showed that enactment section 47, Islamic Family Law is among the most registered cases and constantly increasing every year. The fast track is seen as a good method, but some things need to be taken care of to ensure its effectiveness. Consistent work force is also required to ensure this fast project achieves its potential in administering divorce cases in the Shariah courts.

Keywords: Islamic Family Law, fast track, Shariah Law, Shariah Court, governing divorce admininstration in Malaysia
EKSPERIMEN PELAKSANAAN PdP DIALOG ANTARA BUDAYA (PPDaB) DI DALAM KELAS
Authors: Awang Azarudin , Che Mat Azman
Published: June 2020

The cultural gap in society needs to be overcome by fostering racial understanding and unity. An effective approach in Teaching and Learning (T&L) occurs when inter-cultural dialogue activities in the classroom are implemented. Dialogues between cultures refer to an interaction that occurs between two different cultural practitioners. The diversity of races, ethnicities and sub-ethnicities in Malaysia makes inter-cultural dialogues an important medium of integration and unity. This study aims to measure level of students' knowledge of popular culture from different ethnic or sub-ethnic groups before and after Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Dialog Antara Budaya (PPDaB) activities. The study was participated by 71 undergraduate students who enrolled in Ethnic Relations course (CTU 553) at Universiti Teknologi MARA in Terengganu. Based on the data collected from the questionnaires, statistical analysis using mean and sp test (standard deviation) were used to measure students' knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of the given questionnaire items. The findings reveal that implementing PPDaB in the classroom may enhance the level of knowledge, create more positive attitude and interest of the students to a higher scale. Thus, innovation through the implementation of PPDaB in the classroom enhances the understanding, empathy and students' enjoyment of learning.

Keywords: Experiment, Dialogue, Culture, Ethnic Relations, UiTM

 

Jurang perbezaan budaya dalam kalangan masyarakat perlu diatasi dengan memupuk persefahaman dan perpaduan kaum. Pendekatan yang berkesan dalam PnP ialah dengan pelaksanaan aktiviti dialog antara budaya di dalam kelas. Dialog antara budaya merupakan interaksi yang berlaku antara dua pengamal budaya yang berbeza. Kepelbagaian kaum, etnik dan sub etnik di Malaysia menjadikan dialog antara budaya sebagai medium integrasi dan perpaduan yang penting. Kajian ini bertujuan mengukur tahap pengetahuan pelajar terhadap budaya popular rakan-rakan dari etnik atau sub etnik yang berbeza pada sebelum dan selepas aktiviti PPDaB dijalankan. Eksperimen ini dilakukan dengan melibatkan 71 orang pelajar sarjana muda yang mengambil kursus Hubungan Etnik (CTU 553) di Universiti Teknologi Mara di Terengganu. Berdasarkan data yang dikutip daripada soal selidik, analisis statistik dengan ujian min dan sp (sisihan piawai) digunakan bagi mengukur pengetahuan, sikap dan persepsi pelajar terhadap item soal selidik yang diberikan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan pelaksanaan PPDaB di dalam kelas mampu mempertingkatkan tahap pengetahuan, membentuk sikap yang lebih positif dan minat pelajar kepada skala yang lebih tinggi. Justeru, inovasi melalui pelaksanaan PPDaB di dalam kelas mampu meningkatkan kefahaman, empati diri dan pelajar merasa seronok terhadap pembelajaran yang dijalankan.

Kata kunci : Eksperimen, Dialog, Budaya, Hubungan Etnik, UiTM
Should Islamic finance be different from conventional finance both in form and substance?
Authors: Ghani Badlisyah Abdul
Published: June 2020

Badlisyah Abdul Ghani , the Executive Director and CEO of CIMB Islamic Bank provides his thought on Islamic finance.
Factors Influencing Saudi Arabian Women’s Shopping Behavior in Online Purchase Activities
Authors: Al-Mowalad Areeg , Putit Lennora
Published: June 2020

The paper presented a study on factors influencing the consumer behavior among Saudi women pertaining to online purchase. Hence, this study is conducted to gain a comprehensive knowledge and understanding on the possible factors behind the virtual business transaction. This study involves 34 Saudi women representing diverse background ranging from 18 to 35 years old. The interview survey consists of an open-ended question and analyzed through theme analysis procedure. The study yields interesting findings with both trust (45%) and risk (40%) are found to be the outstanding factors compared to others that affect consumer decision making. Finally, the paper highlights on the recommendation for future research related to online purchase that can be carried out by other researchers.
Tourists’ Perception on Memorable Tourism Experience Towards Their Revisit Intentions to Islamic Tourism Destination in Shah Alam, Selangor
Authors: Iberahim Hadijah
Published: June 2020

Identifying reasons and needs for skilled workers is an imperative managerial issue for multinational companies (MNCs) operating in foreign countries. This study examines factors that influence demand for skills at firm-level in response to external forces such as labor markets and technological change. The issue is important and urgent in the case of Malaysia, whereby the supply of skills is critically insufficient for high technology manufacturing MNCs. As an attempt to provide an insight into the issue of increasing demand for skilled workers, a comparative study on two Malaysian-based Japanese MNCs was undertaken. This exploratory study takes a qualitative approach to analyze data covering the period from 1980 to 2012. Findings show that besides the needs for technological change and constraints in labor markets, differences in firm measures have resulted to increasing demand for skilled workers. These findings have significant theoretical and practical implications to international human resource management studies. The study extends knowledge on the impact of MNCs activities on human capital development.
Predictors of Financial Well-Being among Malaysian Employees: Examining the Mediate Effect of Financial Stress
Authors: Sabri Mohamad Fadzli , Falahati Leila Falahatib
Published: June 2020

Financial well-being and its impact on the quality of life among employees have received considerable attention from researchers, consumer and financial educators, practitioners and policy makers. The purpose of this study is to examine the determinant factors of employees’ financial well-being in Malaysia. The results of this study can be used for better understanding of the relationship between and among determinants of financial well-being by highlighting the relationships among financial literacy, financial behavior, financial capability, financial problem, and financial stress. Samples were selected using multi-stage sampling technique among employees in public and private sectors. A total of 2,000 completed questionnaires were analyzed using path analysis to identify direct and indirect effects on financial well-being. The results identified that financial well-being determinants were financial literacy, financial behavior, financial capability, financial problem; and financial stress had either a direct and indirect effect on financial well-being. The findings indicated that financial stress partially mediate the effect of factors on predicting financial well-being.
The Sources of Indonesia’s Current Account Balance Fluctuations: An Empirical Test of the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM)
Authors: Winarno Tri
Published: June 2020

Identifying the sources of current account balance fluctuations is critical to formulating Indonesia’s macroeconomic policies which maintain both internal and external balance to guarantee sustainable economic development as mandated by The Central Bank of Indonesia Act. This study is an attempt to investigate the long-run relationship between the current account balance (including total trade balance and non-oil and gas trade balance), world exports, domestic income (a proxy by industrial production index), and real effective exchange rate in the case of Indonesia’s economy. Based on the traditional approach of elasticity (Marshall Lerner condition) and by applying the VECM method to monthly data for the period January of 2008 up to December 2012, the investigation to examine the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between the current account balance and its sources is conducted. Additionally, variance decompositions (VDCs) and impulse response functions (IRFs) are used to draw further inferences. The result of the VECM method indicates that there is a stable long-run relationship between the current account balance and real effective exchange rate, domestic income and world exports variables. The estimated results show that real effective exchange rate depreciation is positively related to the current account balance in the long run, consistent with the Marshall Lerner condition. This study also finds evidence of the J-curve on Indonesia's current account balance. This suggests that following a real effective exchange rate depreciation, the Indonesia current account balance will initially deteriorate but improve in the long-run. Thus the exchange rate policy can help improve the current account balance. Furthermore, the results provide strong evidence that world exports and domestic income play a strong role in determining the behavior of the current account balance.
Attainment of Capital and Competency towards Intrinsic Career Success
Authors: Daut Azizah , Mokhtar Sany Sanuri Mohd , Pangil Faizuniah
Published: June 2020

The main objective of Malaysia’s New Economic Model (NEM) outlines the need to produce quality human capital that commensurates with higher career success. As an ultimate reward, career success should be indicated by the tangible aspect as well as the personal conception of career success. This study specifically looks at the latter; on the link between capital and competencies gained during the attainment of MBA studies, to the intrinsic value of career satisfaction. As specified through educational attainment, human capital is defined by the scholastic, social, and cultural capitals whereas managerial competencies encompass the skills of knowledge, analytical, and general management. 151 MBA graduates participated in the self-administered online survey and linear regression analysis was employed to test the relationships. The result reveals that among the three dimensions of human capital, cultural capital has the most positive significant association with career satisfaction. On the association between managerial competencies and career satisfaction, the skill of analytical is found to be a significant estimation of the intrinsic career success. The findings of this study are intended to contribute to a better understanding of assessing the intrinsic value of career success. It presents a means for the higher-education providers and policy makers to devise a strategy that generates a balanced human capital in terms of their extrinsic and intrinsic career success.
Emerging Economies of East and South East Asia: Some Salient Points about Technology’s Role in Economic Development
Authors: Sanidas Elias
Published: June 2020

This area of East and South East Asia is characterized by the following traits: very large population; tendency and ability for detail; imitation rather than creation; ability for organization; tendency for corruption; tendency for autocratic regimes; in the process of an industrial revolution; technological imitation; nationalism without boundaries; wide range of GDP per capita and poverty; litter and pollution problems without solutions; natural disasters; exports oriented; high urban development; Chinese culture influence; FTAs (Free trade agreements) and ASEAN; FDI rather high; disparities between East Asia and other Asian areas; production networks through Japan‟s and South Korea‟s roles in international division of labor.
Carbon Dioxide Emission in the Middle East and North African (MENA) Region: A Dynamic Panel Data Study
Authors: Jalil Siti Ayu
Published: June 2020

This empirical study investigates the determinants of CO2 emission in 18 countries of the Middle East and North African region covering the period from 1971 to 2009. The analysis is based on a dynamic panel data model employing the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique. The potential determinants of carbon emissions identified are per capita gross domestic product, energy usage, energy consumption from fossil fuel, foreign direct investment, urbanization, industrial production, agricultural production and education level. The results show per capita gross domestic product, energy consumption based on fossil fuel, foreign direct investment and agriculture production have significant impact on the growth of carbon emissions in the region.
Assessing The Insight Of Muslim Account Holders’ In Conventional Bank To Purchase Islamic Bank Products
Authors: Ringim Kabiru Jinjiri , Mohd Yussof Ibrahim
Published: June 2020

This study investigates the insight of Muslim account holders’ in conventional bank to purchase Islamic bank products. The concept Insight was defined in terms of Perception, Awareness and Understanding. Hence, the objectives of this study is to assess the effect of Perception, Awareness and Understanding of Muslim’s account holder’s in conventional bank to purchase Islamic bank products. Perception is operationally defined as the opinion, observation, assessment or experience while, Awareness is viewed as the consciousness, recognition or familiarity. Understanding is referred as the comprehension, grasp or appreciation of Muslim’s account holder. A research framework model and hypotheses concerning the relationships among the variables – Perception, Awareness, and Understanding of Muslim’s Account holder’s in conventional bank to purchase Islamic bank products were posited and tested. Data was collected using hand delivery questionnaire survey approach. Using simple random sampling procedure, three hundred and eighty five (385) respondents both male and female were selected to participate in this study. Factor analysis, Pearson correlation, multiple regression methods of data analysis were utilized for hypotheses testing. The results of the correlation revealed that Perception, Awareness and Understanding are positively associated with Muslim account holders in conventional banks toward Islamic banking products. The multiple regression results indicate that Understanding and Awareness factors jointly explained 27.1% of the variance of Muslim account holder’s in conventional bank toward patronising Islamic bank products. The outcome of this study provides vital information on the effect of Awareness and Understanding of Muslim account holder’s in conventional bank to purchase Islamic banking products. The managerial implication of this study is for the Islamic banking industry to focus on the people’s understanding of Shariah position on business transactions, concept of profit and loss sharing practice, benefit of Islamic banking products, good understanding of Islamic banking theory and practice that would have impact on customer decision.
Current state and future prospects of Islamic banking in Morocco: An empirical investigation
Authors: Echchabi Abdelghani , Abd. Aziz Hassanuddeen , Ayedh Abdullah Mohammed , Azouzi Dhekra , Musse Osman Sayid Hassan , Houssem Eddine Chaabane Oussama
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the study is to review the current state of Islamic banking in Morocco, and to investigate the factors that influence the adoption of Islamic banking services in the country. Accordingly, a survey was conducted covering 400 respondents from most of the Moroccan regions, and data analysis was based on linear regression. The findings revealed that the main factors that influence the decision of the Moroccan customers to adopt Islamic banking services are relative advantage, compatibility and social influence. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the progress of Islamic banking in Morocco is faced by multiple legal and regulatory challenges.
Economic Cooperation Among OIC Countries: A Case Study of Turkey and Malaysia
Authors: Kayadibi Saim
Published: June 2020

This paper investigates the bilateral relationship between two Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) member countries – Turkey and Malaysia – in terms of economic cooperation. Although their cultural, political, and social relationship goes back to the thirteenth century, their current economic relationship has not yet reached the desired level. Although it has grown steadily over the last decade, the annual turnover is not as much as it should be. In 2000 the volume of trade between them was a modest USD 242 million; by 2006 it increased to USD 994 million, which made Malaysia Turkey‟s seventh largest trading partner in Asia. The following year, the trade volume exceeded USD 1.3 billion, an increase of 34 percent. Despite this growing trade, the trade balance has long been in Malaysia‟s favour. Turkey‟s trade deficit amounted to USD 1.2 billion dollars, an increase of 33%, in comparison with the corresponding figures for 2009. Surprisingly, by 2010 Turkish exports to Malaysia had risen to USD 93 million and imports from Malaysia had doubled to more than USD 498 million. Expectations are that bilateral trade in 2012 will rise to USD 2.5 billion, with Malaysian exports making up a large portion of that figure. Since it reached to this expectation it would be USD 5 billion by 2015. As Turkey and Malaysia belong to the OIC, they need to develop a bilateral strategic partnership. For this reason, Ankara has introduced such initiatives as “A Strategy to Improve Commercial and Economic Relations with Asia Pacific Countries,” “The Turkish and Malaysian Joint Economic Commission (JEC),” The Turkish-Malaysian Business Council,” and others. This research will try to find ways to increase their bilateral economic cooperation.
Islamic Financial Literacy among Bankers in Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Abdullah Mohamad Azmi , Anderson Alex
Published: June 2020

This article presents the findings on the study that determines the factors which influence financial literacy of bankers around Kuala Lumpur in term of Islamic financial products. The Governor of Central Bank of Malaysia pointed out several years ago that in order to make Islamic financial products acceptable to a wider spectrum of investors and businesspeople alike, financial literacy on Islamic financial products need to be enhanced. This is to facilitate transactions, with a clear understanding and appreciation of the unique characteristics and features of Islamic Finance and its real economic value. However, to date there is scarcity in the studies of Islamic financial literacy in Malaysia. This is proven when Kayed (2008) queries if there are any attempts by the research community to assess levels of Islamic financial literacy in various Muslim communities. In addition, Ahmad (2010) also points out the importance of Islamic financial literacy. These issues have actually motivated the current study to review available literatures on financial literacy mainly focusing on the Islamic financial literacy. The objectives of this study are (i) determine if the bankers possess adequate financial literacy to undertake financial decision with respect to Islamic financial products and services, and (ii) identify the significant factors that influence Islamic financial literacy among bankers. Factor analysis is used in order to identify those factors that indicate banker’s Islamic financial literacy. The findings reveal that nine factors determine banker’s financial literacy on Islamic financial products and services.
Enhancing Cross Border Connectivity: Venturing into Islamic Finance as a New Source of Infrastructure Financing
Authors: Mohamad Saadiah , Salah Omar , Mokhtar Mafrukhin , Syed Alwi Sharifah Faigah
Published: June 2020

Connectivity within Association of Southeast Asian nation (ASEAN) member countries becomes a central issue in view of the  ASEAN Economic Community 2015. However, progress towards ASEAN connectivity especially for  infrastructure developments has been limited. One of the problems is  the resource mobilization for project financing.  In recent years, rising demand for Islamic securities among global investors in jurisdictions where  legal framework and financial infrastructure are well  established has made sukuk a cost effective and  preferred  method  of raising finance.  It has also attracted liquidity to and has made Malaysia a leading  global sukuk issuer and a leading Islamic financial  hub. This paper is a case study on how Malaysia has used the Public-private partnership (PPP) for infrastructure development and how this has extended into Islamic financing  and further examines how this model can be expanded into other ASEAN member countries in particular the Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar  (CVLM)  countries where issues of  infrastructure financing is critical and need to be quickly resolved in view of   an enhanced ASEAN connectivity and the future of an  ASEAN community development.
Remedial Measures for Financial Crisis in the Light of Prophetic Teachings
Authors: Shahid Irfan
Published: June 2020

A few years ago the world suffered from a financial turmoil which emerged in the United States of America, Europe and Asia. It made a large population redundant; many businesses shuttered down and reduced consumption, production, purchasing power, GDP and leading many economies into deep recession. Consequently poor and middle class people found difficult to survive. In the beginning of the financial crisis many suggestions were propounded by economists, policy makers and bankers to reduce its impact. Several policies were implemented to combat against financial crisis yet billion of people are suffering from poverty and hunger.  Prophetic teaching is a complete code of life; in its guidance there is a set of teachings which govern financial issues of the society and the market.  This paper aims to explore the measure suggested in the light of the Hadith and the Quran.
Abridgment of Traditional Procurement and E-Procurement: Definitions, Tools and Benefits
Authors: Abu Bakar Noraizah , Peszynski Konrad , Azizan Nurdiana , Sundram Veera Pandiyan Kaliani
Published: June 2020

The main aim of this paper is to contribute to our understanding of traditional procurement and electronic procurement process. Through the study of the literature, this paper concentrates on the traditional procurement and e-procurement from the perspectives of its definitions, tools and benefits. Considering the apparent shift from traditional procurement to an electronic procurement environment, public and private sector agencies worldwide can improve their procurement process, with the use of Internet-based technologies to procure goods and service. As stated by Neef (2001), if there is one sector in the economy where e-procurement can and will have an enormous effect, it is in the government. Thus, this paper makes a significant contribution to e-procurement field in rural areas development studies and research.
Financial Ratios and the Probabilistic Prediction of Bankruptcy among Malaysian Civil Servants
Authors: Nair Yashota , Paim Laily , Sabri Mohd.Fazli , Abdul Rahim Husniyah
Published: June 2020

The rising debt problem and bankruptcy among civil servants in this country is worrying. To what extent this problem is contributed by financial ratios is not empirically assured. Financial ratios and bankruptcy are two aspects that are wherefore related with one another that have received major consideration from scholars and financial advisor. Financial ratios can affect an individual, team and also organization either directly or indirectly. Changes in civil servant’s financial ratios whether they achieved the minimum requirement by fulfilling only one out of three financial ratios (liquidity ratio, solvency ratio and consumer debt ratio) will affect the bankruptcy probability among them. The purpose of this study is to predict the bankruptcy probability of civil servants based on their financial ratio as a tool of objective measurement. A total of 399 civil servants from five randomly selected ministries responded to the e-survey (email based) using multistage cluster sampling technique. The results identified that around 20 out of 399 civil servants did not fulfill any of the financial ratio requirement and these are the civil servants who face higher chances of becoming bankrupt in five years’ time. Apart from that, the findings of financial ratio in this study were considered fairly stable since 95 percent of the civil servants achieved the minimum requirement by fulfilling only one out of three financial ratios. It was also shown that five percent of the civil servants were identified to have bankruptcy probability. Thus, proper action should be taken through financial training, education and literacy in order to prevent unwanted scenarios in the future. Consequently, findings of this study may be used as basis to reduce financial problems and bankruptcy among Malaysian civil servants.
Social Entrepreneurship, Social Entrepreneur and Social Enterprise:A Review of Concepts, Definitions and Development in Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Kadir Mohd Ali Bahari , Mhd Sarif Suhaimi
Published: June 2020

A decade ago the concept of social entrepreneurship was rarely discussed in Malaysia even though the practice of delivering social values to the population has been around for years. Efforts that combined the concept of entrepreneurship and social development were established years before the emergence of the term. Only in recent years the concept of social entrepreneurship is making a significant breakthrough and attaining more interest not only from social entrepreneurs but also academics and policy makers due to globalized economic system that in turn has resulted in the emergence of social entrepreneurship within a complex framework of political, economic and social changes occurring at the global, national and local levels. Nevertheless, the concept and definitions of social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneur and social enterprise need to be comprehended by those who are involved in the sector to further sustain the development of pertinent initiatives. Therefore, this paper reviews current literature pertaining the concepts and definitions of social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneur and social enterprise and recent development of the sector in Malaysia.
Consuming for status among Malaysian working women
Authors: Sandhu Sukjeet K. , Paim Laily
Published: June 2020

This study measures the influence of money attitude, brand consciousness and social status on status consumption among working women in Klang Valley.  A total of 200 working women completed the questionnaires which were collected using mall intercept concept. The focus on luxury brand item was narrowed down to three category which were clothings/scarfs, shoes and handbags. The results revealed that brand consciousness has a significant relationship with status consumption. Women who are consciousness about the brands have a higher tendency to engage in status consumption.
Outward FDI and Institutional Factors: Malaysian Experience
Authors: Chen Jen-Eem , Chin Lee , Law Siong-Hook , Saini W. N. W. Azman-
Published: June 2020

This paper aims to investigate the role of home country institution in affecting outward FDI from Malaysia using data spans from 1980 to 2012.  The model specification is examined in autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing framework.  The empirical evidence reveals that GDP, exchange rate, openness to trade, and corporate tax rate are the key drivers of outward FDI from Malaysia.  This portrays that internationalization strategy of firms is not only relied on home macroeconomic environment, but also home institution.  More importantly, corporate tax rate, as one of the institution factors, is positively related to outward FDI which signifies that high tax rate would prompt local firms to engage in investment abroad as a sign of escape response. This reflects that international expansion appears to be exit strategy from home country instead of entry strategy into foreign markets.  The findings have some important implications on internationalization strategy of firms.
The Economic Ideology of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood: The Changing Discourses and Practices
Authors: Görmüs Evrim
Published: June 2020

This article aims to examine the transformation of the Muslim Brotherhood’s (MB) economic ideology since  Nasser’s rule in Egypt. It argues that the MB”s economic policies were shaped by the complex nature of statesociety relations in the changing political context in Egypt. As an oppositional strategy in the bi-polar political system in Egypt, the MB deviated from its liberal stance dates back to 1970s, and adopted a higly critical position against the regime’s market transformation polices by prioritizing welfare activities during the Mubarak era. The MB”s contstnat inertia in fixing its ideological inconsistencies, which was in favor of a strong state intervention in the economy, and a limited state power in politics diminished its capacity to formulate an interpretation of Islam which could be compatible with the entrepreneurial spirit and market forces during the Mubarak era in Egypt.
Social sukuk: A new mechanism to fund social services
Authors: Mohamed Saadiah , Othman Jaizah , Lehner Othmar , Muda Ruhaini
Published: June 2020

While the premise of Islamic finance embraces  the principles of maqasid al-shariah and risk sharing with  claims to social justice and welfare, the direct impact of the modern Islamic finance industry and its contribution to the social sector  has been limited. This paper examines the claim among critics that there is an inherent  weakness of the present day Islamic banking and finance in terms of its underdeveloped social sector and argues for the need for new models that will enhance a proliferation of shariah compliant financial products  for solutions in the social sector. The paper examines the emergence in Social finance of  social bonds as new financing tools targeting on  social needs and problems that otherwise would not be tackled.  This paper discusses  the benefits of  structuring such a shariah compliant product and  makes recommendations for structuring this new asset class  referred to in this paper  as social sukuk.
Electricity consumption and economic growth in ASEAN
Authors: Ismail Ahmad Ghazali , Rashid Arlinah Abd , Hanif Azlina
Published: June 2020

The relationship and causality direction between electricity consumption and economic growth is an important issue in the fields of energy economics and policies towards energy use. Extensive literatures has discussed the issue, but the array of findings provides anything but consensus on either the existence of relations or direction of causality between the variables. This study extends research in this area by studying the long-run and causal relations between economic growth, electricity consumption, labour and capital based on the neo-classical one sector aggregate production technology mode using data of electricity consumption and real GDP for ASEAN from the year 1983 to 2012. The analysis is conducted using advanced panel estimation approaches and found no causality in the short run while in the long-run, the results indicate that there are bidirectional relationship among variables. This study provides supplementary evidences of relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in ASEAN.
Full reserve system and the Maqasid Shariah
Authors: Ahmad Zuriyati , Ismail Abdul Ghafar
Published: June 2020

The essence of the monetary system today is in using the fractional reserve banking system. Nonetheless, this system is not free of critics such as the fraud of making loans and creating deposits out of nothing which are argued to create distortion to the economy. Since 1930s, many economic scholars have debated the use of full reserve system as an alternative tool of monetary system.Islamic scholars also argue and reject the working of fractional reserve banking system and propose the idea of full reserve system. From the view of Islamic scholars, the full reserve system should be applied to avoid the riba’ in the monetary system. Hence, this study tries to assess whether the use of full reserve system can attain the Maqasid Shariah to support the alternative banking system. Using the argument on fractional reserve system, discussion on the concept of full reserve system, analysis of the impacts of full reserve system and the support from Quran and Hadith, this study concludes that the injustice and riba’ can be avoided under thefull reserve system, hence,attaining the Maqasid Shariah.
Conventional and Islamic stock markets: What about financial performance?
Authors: Rejeb Ben , Arfaoui Mongi
Published: June 2020

The main objective of this paper is to analyse the performance of both Islamic and conventional stock market indices, particularly during the financial subprime crisis period. For this purpose, we use updated data including the recent financial instability periods and a relevant methodology based on the time varying parameter model combined with a GARCH specification, a Granger non-causal test and a structural break points technique. The empirical results show that the weak efficiency hypothesis is relatively verified in the Islamic context than in the conventional one. Moreover, we can conclude that Islamic markets are not fully immunised against the effects of financial crises and the strong financial fragilities. The results of the Granger non-causality test suggest that the Islamic stock markets have succeeded to relatively escape important part of the last subprime crisis harmful effects. This may encourage investment in this type of markets and therefore allows the strengthening of economic growth.