bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercise Patterns and Perceptions among South Asian Adults in the United States: The SHAPE Study
Authors: Frediani Jennifer K. , Shaikh Nida I. , Weber Mary Beth
Published: May 2020

Our objective was to determine biological differences and perceptions about exercise among an immigrant South Asian population living in the southern United States. This is a descriptive study of exercise patterns and perceptions using baseline data from a diabetes intervention study with immigrant South Asian adults now living in the United States. The sample included middle-aged, predominantly male, well-educated, immigrant South Asians. Participants were recruited through advertisements in local South Asian magazines, information sent through community organization listservs, and in-person outreach at health fairs and screening, diabetes information events, and South Asian stores. Participants reported to the Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance General Clinical Research Center at Emory University Hospital and completed a baseline visit for the South Asian Health and Prevention Education pilot study. The mean ± SD age of this cohort was 44.6 ± 10.6 yr and 35% female. Of the 52 people included in this analysis, 81% did not exercise at least 150 min·wk−1 to meet the U.S. Physical Activity Guidelines. Of those that did meet the Physical Activity Guidelines, 90% reported walking as their primary form of exercise. Overall, 65% reported preferring walking to other modes of exercise. There were no differences between high exercisers and low exercisers when asked about the benefits or barriers of exercise. South Asians living in the southern United States do not meet the U.S. Physical Activity Guidelines. The preferred mode of exercise is walking close to home. Although barriers to exercise are similar to those of other races in the United States, preferred mode of exercise and preferences of women should be considered when implementing physical activity interventions.
Split Apart: Differentiation, Diversion, and Coordination in the Market for Superpremium Ice Cream
Authors: Sullivan Christopher
Published: May 2020

I explore recent behavior in the market for superpremium ice cream. I first document that the flavors offered in supermarkets by Ben & Jerry's and Haagen-Dazs became increasingly differentiated from 2006-2013. Using an estimated model of demand, I show that this differentiation increased profits for both firms. Also, unilateral deviation from the set of products offered in 2013 would have increased variable profits for the deviating firm. These facts, when coupled with anecdotal evidence, suggest that these firms tacitly coordinated their choice of flavors. A companion piece, Sullivan (2019), formalizes this result and quantifies the implications for outcomes and welfare.
Countervailing Market Power and Consumer Surplus: An Empirical Examination
Authors: Alé-Chilet Jorge , Atal Juan Pablo
Published: May 2020

A current debate in antitrusts analyzes whether to allow horizontal agreements that counteract large imbalances of power in vertical negotiations. We leverage detailed data to empirically assess the consequences for patients of a recent case in which a group of physicians in Chile formed a trade association to improve their bargaining position with insurers. As a result of this agreement, out-of-pocket costs increased by 160 percent. Overall, we find large decreases in consumer surplus.
Algorithmic Social Engineering
Authors: Cowgill Bo , Stevenson Megan T.
Published: May 2020

We examine the microeconomics of using algorithms to nudge decision-makers toward particular social outcomes. We refer to this as “algorithmic social engineering.” In this article, we apply classic strategic communication models to this strategy. Manipulating predictions to express policy preferences strips the predictions of informational content and can lead decision-makers to ignore them. When social problems stem from decision-makers' objectives (rather than their information sets), algorithmic social engineering exhibits clear limitations. Our framework emphasizes separating preferences and predictions in designing algorithmic interventions. This distinction has implications for software architecture, organizational structure, and regulation.
Is Community-Based Targeting Effective in Identifying Intimate Partner Violence?
Authors: Agüero Jorge M. , Aldana Úrsula , Field Erica , Frisancho Veronica , Romero Javier
Published: May 2020

We measure the effectiveness of community-based targeting to identify victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) in rural Peru. In 254 villages, we collected self-reported data on IPV via a DHS-style questionnaire and compared it to a listing of women elicited from female community leaders. The results indicate that IPV is widely underreported by leaders: on average, leaders report an IPV rate of 17.9 percent, and when asked to name individuals, report only 7.7 percent of women. Both numbers are well below the 38.3 percent measured through self-reports. Overall, the evidence does not support community-based instruments for identifying IPV victims or rates.
Measuring the Impact of Free Goods on Real Household Consumption
Authors: Brynjolfsson Erik , Collis Avinash , Diewert W. Erwin , Eggers Felix , Fox Kevin J.
Published: May 2020

We suggest a methodology that allows statistical agencies to form approximations to the benefits that flow to households from new free goods. The present production-oriented GDP measures are not satisfactory for measuring real household consumption and will be increasingly inaccurate as free goods, such as those made possible by the digital revolution, become more important. Advertising expenditures are not an adequate substitute for measuring the benefits of new goods to the household sector. Instead, we need to draw on estimates such as those provided by choice experiments.
The Distinctive Values of Bankers
Authors: Ashraf Nava , Bandiera Oriana , Delfino Alexia
Published: May 2020

The banking sector is sometimes characterized by dysfunctional culture, but little is known about what values bankers hold. We gather data on employee values in a large multinational bank and measure alignment within the bank and with broader society. We find that bankers at the bottom of the hierarchy hold values that are mirrors of their societies, but the top-ranked bankers hold values that are most distinct from their countries. These distinctive values are those with the greatest impact on performance and potential for promotion, suggesting a possible trade-off between coherence within the organization and dissonance with society.
Measuring Collaboration in Modern Organizations
Authors: Impink Stephen Michael , Prat Andrea , Sadun Raffaella
Published: May 2020

Internal communication has been a central theme in organizational economics, as employee collaboration provides insight into the structure of firms. Use of electronic communications data can be transformational for organizational economics, as these data provide a standardized way to measure organizational communication patterns and to determine the connection between these patterns and firm performance. We discuss the value of data that capture patterns of employee interactions, the benefits and risks associated with the use of electronic communication data (email and meetings) as empirical proxies for these collaboration patterns, and the research possibilities for studies across larger sets of firms.
Ancient Origins of the Global Variation in Economic Preferences
Authors: Becker Anke , Enke Benjamin , Falk Armin
Published: May 2020

This paper shows that contemporary population-level heterogeneity in risk aversion, time preference, altruism, positive reciprocity, negative reciprocity, and trust partly traces back to the structure of the migration patterns of our very early ancestors. To document this pattern, we link differences in preferences between populations to the length of time elapsed since the ancestors of the respective groups broke apart from each other, as proxied by genetic and linguistic distance measures. Preference differences are significantly increasing in ancestral distance in both cross-country regressions and within-country analyses across groups of migrants.
Effects of Fiscal Policy on Credit Markets
Authors: Auerbach Alan J. , Gorodnichenko Yuriy , Murphy Daniel
Published: May 2020

Credit markets typically freeze in recessions: access to credit declines, and the cost of credit increases. A conventional policy response is to rely on monetary tools to saturate financial markets with liquidity. Given limited space for monetary policy in the current economic conditions, we study how fiscal stimulus can influence local credit markets. Using rich geographical variation in US federal government contracts, we document that, in a local economy, interest rates on consumer loans decrease in response to an expansionary government spending shock.
Measuring the Macroeconomic Impact of Carbon Taxes
Authors: Metcalf Gilbert E. , Stock James H.
Published: May 2020

Policymakers often express concern about the impact of carbon taxes on employment or GDP. Using a new dataset on carbon tax rates, we estimate the macroeconomic impacts of these taxes on GDP and employment growth rates for various specifications and samples. Our point estimates suggest a zero to modest positive impact on GDP and total employment growth rates. More importantly, we find no robust evidence of a negative effect of the tax on employment or GDP growth. For the European experience at least, we find no support for the view that carbon taxes are job or growth killers.
Rationing as a Determinant of Immigrant Composition and Outcomes
Authors: Lazear Edward P.
Published: May 2020

Willingness to migrate is a necessary but not sufficient condition for migration from an origin to destination country. For the United States and other countries with an excess supply of immigrants, the slot-rationing rule is a key determinant of immigrant composition not captured by supply-based models. A stylized rationing-based model better explains the attainment of immigrants in both the United States and Sweden with the model's two variables explaining over 50 percent of the variation in origin country education attainment and earnings.
Public Debt, Interest Rates, and Negative Shocks
Authors: Evans Richard W.
Published: May 2020

Debt-to-GDP ratios across developed economies are at historically high levels, and government borrowing rates remain persistently low. Blanchard (2019) provides evidence that the fiscal costs and welfare costs are low of increased government debt in low interest rate environments. This paper attempts to replicate Blanchard's main results and tests their robustness to key assumptions about risk in the model. This study finds that Blanchard's stated approach results in no long-run average welfare gains from increased government debt and that those welfare losses are exacerbated if some strong risk-reducing assumptions are relaxed to more realistic values.
Leveraging Posterity’s Prosperity?
Authors: Brumm Johannes , Kotlikoff Laurence , Kubler Felix
Published: May 2020

We critically review studies by Blanchard (B) and Rachel and Summers (RS). By the standard fiscal-gap measure, the US government is in dire fiscal shape thanks to constantly enlarging its postwar, take-as-you-go Ponzi scheme. Yet B and RS seemingly rationalize its expansion. Their arguments rest on the safe rate being very low. But almost all households face high safe rates--the rates available from pre-paying their loans. We also question modeling assumptions that help drive key B and RS results and reference recent simulation studies, which reach strongly opposite conclusions to B's.
Simulating the Blanchard Conjecture in a Multiperiod Life Cycle Model
Authors: Hasanhodzic Jasmina
Published: May 2020

In recent writings, Olivier Blanchard has suggested that when the safe rate on government debt is less that the economy's growth rate, additional deficit-financed US federal spending would come at no cost to any future generation and benefits to some. This paper studies this question in a ten-period OLG CGE model with aggregate risk, whose safe rate averages -2 percent annually and growth rate is 0. It shows that welfare losses to future generations resulting from the introduction of pay-go social security, financed with a 15 percent payroll tax, are roughly 20 percent measured as a compensating variation relative to no policy.
Legal Access to Reproductive Control Technology, Women’s Education, and Earnings Approaching Retirement
Authors: Lindo Jason M. , Pineda-Torres Mayra , Pritchard David , Tajali Hedieh
Published: May 2020

What do historical changes in legal access to reproductive health care technology tell us about the long-run effects of such changes? We investigate this question using data from the Health and Retirement Study and an identification strategy leveraging variation in exposure to legal changes in access across cohorts born in the same states. We find positive effects on educational attainment that align with prior work but are not statistically significant. We also find positive effects on working in a Social Security-covered job in women's 20s and 30s but no evidence of positive effects on women's earnings in their 50s.
Local Economic Conditions and Fertility from the Great Depression through the Great Recession
Authors: Schaller Jessamyn , Fishback Price , Marquardt Kelli
Published: May 2020

This paper reexamines the association between local economic conditions and fertility using a new dataset of county-level birthrates and per capita income in the United States spanning the period 1937-2016. Using a panel data model, we estimate that growth in local income is positively associated with birthrates over our entire sample period and that the strength of that association peaked during the 1960-1990 period and has declined in recent decades. We additionally estimate dynamic responses to local income shocks, finding that birthrates remain elevated for up to four years after a shock.
Impact of Foreign Official Purchases of US Treasuries on the Yield Curve
Authors: Wolcott Erin L.
Published: May 2020

Foreign governments went from owning a tenth of publicly available US Treasury notes and bonds in 1985 to over half in 2008. Recently, foreign governments have reduced their positions. I find foreign official purchases have depressed medium-term yields, despite conventional wisdom pointing toward the long end of the yield curve. To examine effects over the entire yield curve, I embed a structural vector autoregression of macroeconomic variables into an affine term structure model. With segments of the yield curve increasingly determined by international financial markets, it may be more difficult for the Federal Reserve to implement its interest rate policy.
Gender in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Bertrand Marianne
Published: May 2020

We study how childhood exposure to a nontraditional family (a working married mother, a married mother that is the primary breadwinner, or a non-married mother) affects gender role attitudes in young adulthood. Boys and girls develop more liberal gender attitudes when they spend more time with a non-married mother. In intact families, boys' gender attitudes, more than girls', appear positively influenced by the role model of a working mother, especially if she is also the primary breadwinner. However, the effect of childhood exposure to a mother with greater economic power on boys' gender attitudes is smaller in more gender-conservative families.
Case Report: Hurler syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis Type 1) in a young female patient
Authors: Sheikh Sadaf Saleem , Yadav Dipak Kumar , Saeed Ayesha
Published: May 2020

Hurler syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of mucopolysaccharide metabolism. Here, we present the case of a young female patient who presented with features of respiratory distress. In addition, the patient had gingival hypertrophy, spaced dentition, misaligned eruptive permanent dentition, microdontia, coarse facial features, low set ears, depressed nasal bridge, distended abdomen, pectus carinatum, umbilical hernia and J-shaped Sella Turcica on an X-ray of the skull. A diagnosis of Hurler syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I) was made. The patient was kept on ventilator support from the third day; however, she died on the fifth day of admission. Enzyme replacement modality of treatment can increase a patient's survival rate if an early diagnosis can be made. To the best of our knowledge, only a few cases of Hurler syndrome have been reported in Pakistan.
METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR ASSESSING THE READINESS OF THE UNIVERSITY TO INTRODUCE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Mitrofanova Elena , Mitrofanova Aleksandra
Published: May 2020

The effectiveness of professional education substantially depends on the wide use of digital technologies and products in the educational process. However, the effectiveness of the implementation of these technologies largely depends, on the one hand, on the readiness of the digital educational environment, and on the other hand, on the level of digital literacy and the competence of the teachers. So, it is necessary to develop a methodology for assessing the level of preparation of the university for digitalization, the purpose of which is to provide a unified approach to the assessment of the educational information environment and the factors providing it in the educational process, as well as to remove obstacles to the effective implementation of educational programmes and services using digital technologies and products. The analysis of the existing methods has shown that they assess the level of the digital development of various sectors of the economy and society in general, but do not affect the educational system or evaluate the digitalization of the educational process only from the technical point of view.

Taking into account all the above-mentioned circumstances, the authors propose to evaluate the readiness of universities for digitalization of the educational process on the basis of the analysis of the factors directly affecting the digitalization of the educational process, such as: digital transformation of the educational environment of the university and the level of preparation of the teachers for the work in the digital environment.
DIGITAL LITERACY AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LABOR MARKET IN RUSSIA
Authors: Svistunov Vasiliy , Konovalova Valeriya , Lobachyev Vitaliy
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to analysis of the compliance level of digital literacy of the modern state of development of digital technologies and promising trends in the global and domestic labour market. The relevance of the chosen problem is explained by the fact that the achieved level of digital literacy of the population does not always correspond to the level of development of modern information and communication technologies. This situation generates serious conflicts in the system of relations "man-digital technology", reducing the overall productivity and efficiency of modern technologies. The article provides a meaningful analysis of the current state and existing problems in achieving the required level of digital literacy by employees of domestic and foreign companies. On the basis of the results obtained, the main reasons that influenced the current state of Affairs were determined. New trends of the labor market, formed as a response to the increasingly active penetration of the digital economy in the socio-economic sphere of society, are noted. The main problems in the educational sphere that negatively affect the insufficient level of digital literacy of the country's population are identified.
Advertising Spending and Media Bias: Evidence from News Coverage of Car Safety Recalls
Authors: Beattie Graham , Durante Ruben , Knight Brian , Sen Ananya
Published: May 2020

Do mass media bias content in favor of advertisers? If so, what market conditions limit or exacerbate this bias? We examine the relationship between advertising by auto manufacturers in U.S. newspapers and news coverage of car safety recalls between 2000 and 2014. This context allows us to separate the influence of advertisers, who prefer less coverage, from that of readers, who prefer more information about the safety risks associated with the recalls. Consistent with theoretical predictions, we find that newspapers provide less coverage of recalls issued by manufacturers that advertised more regularly on their pages over the previous two years. The effect is especially pronounced for more severe recalls, which are more likely to hurt manufacturers’ reputations. Competition for readers from other newspapers mitigates proadvertiser bias, and competition for advertising by online platforms exacerbates it. We also present suggestive evidence that less news coverage of recalls is associated with more fatal car accidents.

This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
PASSOS E DESCOMPASSOS DA GESTÃO NO CONTEXTO DA MILITARIZAÇÃO DAS ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS DE MANAUS
Authors: Garcia Fabiane Maia , Mourão Arminda Rachel Botelho , Rumbane Sebastiao Juvencio , Almeida Janderson Gustavo Soares de
Published: May 2020

Este estudo caracteriza os processos e caminhos que uma escola pode percorrer para implantação da Associação de Professores, Mestres e Comunidade (APMC) numa perspectiva de gestão democrática. A implementação de uma gestão escolar democrática vinha sendo uma exigência da sociedade, que a entendia como elemento de transformação social, em que igualdade, solidariedade e justiça fossem realidade para todos. Os dados foram coletados por meio da análise de documentos e foram tratados de forma qualitativa. No processo houve a verificação de que a APMC pouco participa nas discussões com vista a dinamização das atividades escolares. De outro modo, revelou-se maior envolvimento dos Pais e encarregados da Educação o que demonstra maior interesse na melhoria da qualidade de ensino no interior da organização escolar, a busca de qualidade que tem justificado a presença de militares no processo de gestão de algumas escolas no Amazonas. Há necessidade de superação da contradição existente entre o discurso e a prática da gestão democrática.
O SENTIDO DE PARTICIPAÇÃO NAS ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS ESTADUAIS DO MUNICÍPIO DE ASSU/RN: POSSIBILIDADE DE CONSTRUÇÃO DEMOCRÁTICA
Authors: Fonseca Maria da Conceição , Medeiros Arilene Maria Soares de
Published: May 2020

Este trabalho compreende parte de uma pesquisa de dissertação e objetiva analisar o sentido atribuído pelos gestores escolares quanto à participação dos sujeitos nas escolas públicas estaduais do município de Assú/RN. O problema deriva da seguinte questão: Qual o sentido de participação para os gestores escolares em tempos de gerencialismo? A abordagem da investigação é qualitativa, tendo como procedimento de construção de dados a pesquisa bibliográfica e o diário de pesquisa (BARBOSA, 2010). Como fundamentação teórica, amparamo-nos em Arendt (2011), Lima (2007), Frateschi (2007) e Barbosa (2010), dentre outros autores. A participação evita a tomada de decisões unilaterais e constitui exercício de liberdade política e desenvolvimento de uma cultura democrática. Palavras-chave: Participação. Espaço escolar. Gestão Democrática. Gerencialismo.
The Black Panther Party's War of Position, Neoliberal Passive Revolution, and the Origin of the Prison Industrial Complex in the U.S. and Canada
Authors: Harris Chris
Published: May 2020

This paper contributes to the debates on Neoliberal Passive Revolution in the U.S. by examining the legacy of the Black Panther Party's war of position against internal colonialism, which culminated in the rise of neoliberalism to contain the racial crisis in America. Gramsci's (1971) theory of working class organic intellectuals, passive revolution, and the war of position in civil society to win proletarian hegemony in fascist Italy, is utilized as a framework to analyze the historical significance of the U.S. Black Panther Party. The party's war of position, under the ideological leadership of Panther leader Huey Newton, transformed race relations in America, by challenging White ruling class hegemony in working class African-American communities throughout the country. The Panther war of position was defeated, but it was ultimately responsible for the ascendancy of the neo-liberal passive revolution that was carried out by the ruling class to contain the African-American working class; while incorporating the African-American middle class into U.S. civil society and political society on an unprecedented level. This paper hopes to contribute to the development of Toronto's prison abolition movement to end mass incarceration in Canada. For this to occur, I will discuss the historical context of the prison industrial complex in the U.S., which inspired its formation in Canada over the last two decades. In Canada, neoliberalism took the form of a counter-reformation: a restoration with no progressive element. The Canadian imperialist bourgeoisie organized the prison industrial complex differently than the U.S. But mass incarceration was introduced by the Canadian state with the same intention to occupy and contain African-Canadian communities, to reduce their ability to transform Canadian capitalist imperialism into a socialist workers state organized on the principal of self-determination for the Indigenous and African nations.
New strategy of synthesis, characterization, theoretical study and inhibition effect on mild steel corrosion in acidic solution
Authors: Arrousse Nadia , Mabrouk Elhoussine , Hammouti Belkheir , El hajjaji Fadoua , Rais Zakia , Taleb Mustapha
Published: May 2020

We report two new different synthesis strategies of an eco-friendly organic dye 3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthene]-3',6'-diyl diacetate. These methods were based on the reaction of fluorescein with acetic anhydride under different experimental conditions. The synthesized heterocyclic system obtained with excellent yield was characterized by FT-IR, 1H N.M.R., 13C N.M.R., and mass spectrometry. This reaction has also been studied theoretically using Gaussian 09 based on the DFT method at B3LYP/6-31G (d, p). The results obtained are in good correlation with those obtained experimentally. The inhibition behavior of the synthetic product has been studied using absorbance difference measurement, the percentage of inhibition efficiency attains 90% at 10-4M of NAR3 inhibitor. The surface analysis of mild steel was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (E.D.X.) methods and show the adsorption behavior of inhibitor on the surface of mild steel.
Experimental characterization of a mode-separating photonic lantern for imaging applications
Authors: Salit Mary , Klein Jeffrey , Lust Lisa
Published: May 2020

The point spread function (PSF) of an imaging system has a minimum size, a “diffraction limit,” determined by the size of the limiting aperture. Image features smaller than this PSF can be, in a conventional imaging system, resolved only if the intensity noise is low enough to permit deconvolution. Measuring image-plane intensity as a function of spatial mode rather than position has the potential to reduce the quantum noise and thus enable subdiffraction resolution at lower light levels or in shorter measurement times than can be tolerated with conventional imaging. Here we examine experimental measurements of intensity and intensity noise as a function of spatial mode. We characterize the impulse response of a spatial mode coupling measurement at the focal plane of an imaging system to the position of a far-field point source. Our measured intensity noise scales with power in a way that suggests photon shot noise is a significant contributor, and we find that the signal-to-noise ratio of our modal-basis measurement of point source position exceeds that of a conventional image-plane pixel array for subdiffraction objects imaged against dark backgrounds. The mode coupling is measured with a custom mode-separating fiber photonic lantern. Photonic lanterns and equivalent structures constructed from rigid waveguides are simple, passive devices that lend themselves to real-world implementations of this measurement scheme with minimal size, weight, power, and cost.
Integrating two-photon nonlinear spectroscopy of rubidium atoms with silicon photonics
Authors: Skljarow Artur , Gruhler Nico , Pernice Wolfram , Kübler Harald , Pfau Tilman , Löw Robert , Alaeian Hadiseh
Published: May 2020

We study an integrated silicon photonic chip, composed of several sub-wavelength ridge waveguides, and immersed in a micro-cell with rubidium vapor. Employing two-photon excitation, including a telecom wavelength, we observe that the waveguide transmission spectrum gets modified when the photonic mode is coupled to rubidium atoms through its evanescent tail. Due to the enhanced electric field in the waveguide cladding, the atomic transition can be saturated at a photon number ≈80 times less than a free-propagating beam case. The non-linearity of the atom-clad Si-waveguide is about 4 orders of magnitude larger than the maximum achievable value in doped Si photonics. The measured spectra corroborate well with a generalized effective susceptibility model that includes the Casimir-Polder potentials, due to the dielectric surface, and the transient interaction between flying atoms and the evanescent waveguide mode. This work paves the way towards a miniaturized, low-power, and integrated hybrid atomic-photonic system compatible with CMOS technologies.
Deep neural networks in single-shot ptychography
Authors: Wengrowicz Omri , Peleg Or , Zahavy Tom , Loevsky Barry , Cohen Oren
Published: May 2020

We develop and explore a deep learning based single-shot ptychography reconstruction method. We show that a deep neural network, trained using only experimental data and without any model of the system, leads to reconstructions of natural real-valued images with higher spatial resolution and better resistance to systematic noise than common iterative algorithms.
Geometry-invariant-based reconstruction generated from planar laser and metrical rectification with conic dual to circular points in the similarity space
Authors: Xu Guan , Chen Fang , Chen Rong , Li Xiaotao
Published: May 2020

3D point reconstruction is a crucial component in optical inspection. A direct reconstruction process is proposed by combining two similarity invariants in active vision. A planar reference with an isosceles-right-angle pattern and a coplanar laser are adopted to generate the laser projective point on the measured object. The first invariant is the image of the conic dual to the circular points (ICDCP), which is derived from the lines in two pairs of perpendicular directions on the reference pattern. The invariant provides the transform from the projection space to the similarity space. Then, the ratio of the line segments consisting of the laser projection points and reference points is constructed as the other similarity invariant, by which the laser projection point in the similarity space is converted to Euclidean space. The solution of the laser point is modeled by the ratio invariant of the line segments and improved by a special point selection to avoid nonlinear equations. Finally, the benchmark-camera distance, the benchmark-generator distance, the benchmark length, image noise, and the number of orthogonal lines are experimentally investigated to explore the effectiveness and reconstruction error of the method. The reconstruction error averages of 0.94, 1.22, 1.77, and 2.15 mm are observed from the experiment results with the benchmark-camera distances from 600 mm to 750 mm with a 50 mm interval. This proves the validity and practicability of the reconstruction method.
Superradiance paradox in waveguide lattices
Authors: Longhi Stefano
Published: May 2020

Recently, it has been suggested that the collective radiative decay of two point-like quantum emitters coupled to a waveguide, separated by a distance comparable to the coherence length of a spontaneously emitted photon, leads to an apparent “superradiance paradox” by which one cannot decide whether independent or collective emission occurs. Here we suggest an integrated optics platform to emulate the superradiance paradox, based on photon escape dynamics in waveguide lattices. Remarkably, Markovian decay dynamics and independent photon emission can be restored by frequent (Zeno-like) observation of the system.
Post-war fashion tips in the popular fashion press in Poland: A source of psychological support in the 'struggle for femininity'
Authors: Idem Magdalena
Published: May 2020

Social conditions in Poland were harsh at the conclusion of World War II. Surprisingly, interest in fashion revived quickly after the war, giving rise in 1945 to a hugely popular fashion press, avidly read by Polish women. The independent magazine Fashion and Practical Life (Moda i Życie Praktyczne), launched in December 1945, was the first of its kind in Poland after the war, and quickly gained a large readership of urban and rural women (and significant numbers of men). It centred on fashion tips  from practical advice on how to remodel existing material into new clothing to more aspirational ideas, crossing over from the necessities of dress or clothing into the more imaginary realm of 'fashion'.

Unlike readers of the fashion press before the war, the readership of this magazine was not leisured or highly literate, but largely 'ordinary' women trying to deal with the realities of their circumstances and to find relief from them. Letters from readers were the centre of the magazine in its early years. They shared their experiences and solutions. This article explores the phenomenon of a genre of publishing for women in Poland through analysis of Fashion and Practical Life from its inception into the early 1950s. It examines the contexts in which it operated and its role in the representation and self-identity of Polish women within this time of transition. The article identifies two key typologies for fashion tips: 'poor fashion' (how to make available materials into liveable garments) and 'imaginary fashion' (the aspirations that Polish women had but could not attain at that time). It also shows that apparently emancipatory trends for women were short-lived. By the early 1950s the narrative of the fashion press reinscribed Polish women back in the home, as housewives.
Presença de sílica em águas subterrâneas e possíveis benefícios para a saúde
Authors: Braga Erika de Almeida Sampaio , Aquino Marisete Dantas de , Rocha Carlos Márcio Soares , Mendes Luzia Suerlange Araújo dos Santos
Published: May 2020

Na região Nordeste do Brasil as águas subterrâneas, principalmente em períodos de seca, são muito utilizadas para o abastecimento da população. A presença de sílica em águas naturais é bastante comum, já que são constituintes naturais do solo e das rochas. Apesar da Portaria de Consolidação nº 05, de 28 de setembro de 2017 do Ministério da Saúde (MS), anexo XX, não estabelecer valor da concentração de sílica, para avaliação da potabilidade, no capítulo VII do Código de Águas Minerais – Decreto – lei 7.841 de 08 de agosto de 1945, o silício é citado como um dos oligoelementos necessários pelo corpo. Com base no contexto, este estudo buscou, tomando como referências pesquisas realizadas por outros autores sobre o assunto, estudar os possíveis benefícios da presença de silício nestas águas para a saúde, já que essas águas são usadas para abastecimento da população. Foram coletadas amostras de águas subterrâneas em diferentes municípios do estado do Ceará. As análises foram realizadas por método colorimétrico, segundo (APHA, 2012) e, de acordo com os resultados obtidos, onze entre as 18 amostras analisadas estavam na faixa de 8,0 a 15,0 mgSi.L-1, indicando a existência de correlação entre a potabilidade de águas, segundo pesquisas realizadas nos Estados Unidos da América (EUA).
Águas subterrâneas como alternativa de subsistência em uma comunidade rural no semiárido brasileiro
Authors: Lopes Jessica Rafaelly Almeida , Bezerra Joel Medeiros , Almeida Natália Maria Diniz Pereira , Gonçalves Gustavo Leite , Mendonça Sarah de Souza Cruz
Published: May 2020

Nas regiões semiáridas devido as chuvas irregulares, períodos de estiagem, o clima e outras características, as águas subterrâneas se tornam alternativa para abastecimento humano e animal. O presente estudo foi realizado no município de Caraúbas-RN, especificamente na comunidade rural denominada Sítio Retiro, com o objetivo de estudar o aproveitamento dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos para subsistência e a convivência com a seca em uma comunidade rural do semiárido brasileiro. O trabalho é reconhecido como um levantamento exploratório e foi obtido através de inspeções de campo, reconhecimento da área de estudo e acompanhado de registro fotográfico de pontos relevantes com o intuito de compreender a forma como esse recurso natural é utilizado pelos moradores da referida comunidade rural. O levantamento foi realizado nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2018 e verificou como é realizada a utilização das águas subterrâneas, onde posteriormente avaliou-se o manejo desse recurso frente as legislações ambientais vigentes, tal como a identificação das ações voltadas ao controle e gestão de tal recurso natural. A utilização da água contribui para o desenvolvimento rural das 5 famílias observadas e é realizada unicamente pela captação em reservatórios subterrâneos com auxílio de bombas hidráulicas, com uso prioritário para dessedentação animal e cultivos, favorecendo a agricultura familiar, além de assegurar a permanência do homem no campo, o abastecimento hídrico e autonomia das famílias. Essa técnica contribui com a situação de escassez diante da disponibilidade hídrica local, entretanto é necessária a adoção de controle e gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos, que podem ser feitas a partir da implementação de comitês das bacias hidrográficas.
Gene selection in Cox regression model based on a new adaptive penalized method
Authors: Isam Alskal Oday , Yahya Algamal Zakariya
Published: May 2020

The common issues of high dimensional gene expression data for survival analysis are that many of genes may not be relevant to their diseases. Gene selection has been proved to be an effective way to improve the result of many methods. The Cox proportional hazards regression model is the most popular model in regression analysis for censored survival data. In this paper, an adaptive penalized Cox proportional hazards regression model is proposed, with the aim of identification relevant genes and provides high classification accuracy, by combining the Cox proportional hazards regression model with the weighted least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms two competitor methods in terms of the area under the curve and the number of the selected genes.Â Â
CORIOLIS VIBRATING GYROSCOPE WITH A METAL RESONATOR. DEVELOPMENT AND MANUFACTURING
Authors: Raspopov V. Ya. , Volchikhin A. I. , Ladonkin A. V. , Likhosherst V. V. , Volchikhin I. A. , Vedeshkin Yu. V. , Shepilov S. I.
Published: May 2020

Coriolis vibrating gyroscope (CVG) with cavity resonators are promising inertial angle and angular velocity sensors. Cavity resonators are sensitive elements of the CVG; they can be produced of quartz glass or metal. CVG with a metal resonator demonstrates high vibration resistance and vibration strength compared to a CVG with a quartz resonator. Therefore, a CVG with a metal resonator is more suitable for dynamic land, sea, and aerospace-based carriers. For these carriers based on a CVG with a metal resonator, measuring modules for orientation, stabilization and navigation systems of middle class accuracy can be made, comparable to similar systems using some types of fiber-optic and rotor vibration gyros. Preparing the production of a CVG with a metal resonator required solving the following tasks: developing control electronics, tuning and calibrating techniques for the given ranges of measuring the angular velocities of carriers in a wide temperature range, choosing a resonator material and working out the technological cycle of its manufacture taking into account mechanical and heat treatment. A series of research and development practices has been completed for the development of the resonator balancing technique that eliminates four forms of mass defect distribution. In the series production a CVG with a metal resonator having technical and operational characteristics that meet the technical conditions for its manufacturing was obtained. The dynamics features of a Coriolis vibrating gyroscope (CVG) with a metal resonator and the technology of its production have been considered. The technical characteristics of a CVG, manufactured by Michurinsky “Progress” plant, are given.
RESEARCH OF RELIABILITY AT THE DESIGN STAGE OF COMPLEX TECHNICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Trukhanov V. M. , Basova S. S. , Trukhanov G. V. , Kuprovskiy G. I.
Published: May 2020

The issues of nomenclature choice of reliability indices and methods of reliability distribution between components of product have been considered in the present article. Calculation methods of design reliability of expensive nondiscarding objects like movable mountings and also mathematical models of design reliability, which taking into account random and nonrandom failures. The technique of calculation and achievement of required level reliability has been represented.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP, DAN MOTIVASI DENGAN KEPATUHAN KONSUMSI TABLET BESI FOLAT PADA IBU HAMIL
Authors: Budiarni Widya , Subagio Hertanto Wahyu
Published: May 2020

Background: The benefit of giving free iron folic tablets to prevent iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy is often inhibited by the compliance of iron folic tablets consumption in pregnant women. Compliance is a behavior that can be influenced by many factors, such as knowledge, attitude and motivation. The purpose of this study is to determine association between knowledge, attitude, and motivation with compliance of iron folic tablets consumption in pregnant women. Methods: This is a cross sectional study, with 56 pregnant women as sample which are selected by consecutive sampling in Halmahera health center, Semarang. Data of compliancy on iron folic tablets consumption was measured by tablet calculation. Data of knowledge, attitude and motivation are taken from interviews using questionnaire. Bivariate analysis performed by Rank Spearman test. Results: This study showed 41,1% of subjects complied iron folic tablet consumption. The average compliance of iron folic tablet consumption in 10 days is 62.86%. Majority of pregnant women have a good knowledge (50%), good attitude (51.8%) and good motivation (57.1%). This study showed association between knowledge (r = 0.370, p = 0.005), attitude (r = 0.343, p = 0.010), and motivation (r = 0.616, p = 0.000) with compliance of iron folic tablets consumption. Conclusion: Motivation is the most dominant factor. The higher the motivation given  the more compliance the pregnant women of taking iron folic tablets consumption.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS LIDAH BUAYA TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PUASA PADA WANITA PREDIABETES
Authors: Pertiwi Putri Sukma , Rahayuningsih Hesti Murwani
Published: May 2020

Background: Prediabetes is a condition which pioneers of DM. Diet management is the effective method to decrease fasting blood glucose (FBG) level. One of plant that correlates decreasing FBG level is Aloe vera. The purpose of  the study was to prove the effects of Aloe vera on FBG level in prediabetes women. Method: This study was quasi experiment with pre test-post test design. The subjects were people in Tlogosari Kulon Semarang who taken by consecutive sampling. Total subjects were 26 people which was divided in 2 groups. The treatment group was given juice Aloe vera 150 gram per day during 14 days and control group was not given juice Aloe vera. FBG level was measured before and after intervention using spectrofotometri method. During intervention, both of group recorded food intake using food record and food recall. Data was analyzed by Independent sample t-test, Mann Whitney test, and Wilcoxon test. Result : The decreasing of FBG level in treatment group was 20.38±14.7 (18.92%) mg/dl and control group was 0.38±11.12 mg /dl. Statistic analysis showed that there was significant difference at decreasing of FBG level in treatment group and control group. Conclusion : There was significant decreasing FBG level 20.38 mg/dl after given juice Aloe vera 150 gram per day during 14 days.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AIR KELAPA TERHADAP KEBUGARAN ATLET SEPAK BOLA
Authors: Alfiyana Lana , Murbawani Etisa Adi
Published: May 2020

Background: The athlete’s fitness is one of the supporting factor for athlete’s performance. Consumption of carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage during training  maintain hydration status and athlete’s performance. Coconut water is potential natural fluid that can be used as natural sport drink. Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the effect of additional sugar in coconut water on soccer athlete’s fitness Methode: An experimental study was done in randomized pretest - post test design with a control group. The subject were 18 soccer’s player aged 14-18 years at Persatuan Sepak Bola Kudus in August 2012. The control group is consumed pure coconut water and the treatment group is consumed coconut water which added with 3 g of sugar every 100 ml. The amount of fluid given based on fluid requirement during training. After physical training during 90minutes, all player completed the fitness test with cooper test 12 minutes run. Result: Consumption of coconut water affect the results of VO2 max on control group (p=0.016), and has no significant effect on treatment group (p=0,871). There no significant different between two groups in consumption of energy(p=0.643), fluid before training(p=0.385), body fat(p=0,698) and muscle mass(p=0.919) Conclusion: Consumption of pure coconut water affected on change value of VO2 max compared with coconut water which added with sugar
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ENERGI, KARBOHIDRAT, PROTEIN, LEMAK TERHADAP STATUS GIZI DAN KETERAMPILAN ATLET SEPAK BOLA
Authors: Ramadhani Renjani Gina , Murbawani Etisa Adi
Published: May 2020

Background: Good skills in soccer are very needed to accomplish the achievement. Nutritional status in soccer athletes can effect the performance on the match. Besides exercises, nutrition intake is considered to have an effect on the nutritional status and skills of soccer athletes. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of food intake on nutritional status and skills of soccer athletes. Methods: An experimental study with one group pre and post test designed on soccer athletes in PPLP Central Java on June 2012. Food intake were given in 55%-60% carbohydrates, 15%-20% protein, 20%-30% fat. Anthropometry, physical fitness, skill (passing and dribbling), and nutrition intake were measured pre- and post- intervention. The data obtained were analyzed by paired t-test and Pearson correlation. Results: Eighteen subjects completed this study. Significant increase in energy intake (p= 0,000), carbohydrate (p= 0,000), protein (p= 0,000), fat (p= 0,000), BMI (p= 0,000), percent body fat (p= 0,031), physical fitness (p= 0,038), and passing (p= 0,000), but no significant differences found on dribbling (p= 0,056) after a given intervention. There was no effect of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat on nutritional status and skills of soccer athletes (p> 0.05). Conclusion: There was no effect of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat on nutritional status and skills of soccer athletes.