bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current trends in the design and fabrication of PRP-based scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
Authors: Şeker Şükran , Elçin Ayşe Eser , Elçin Yaşar Murat
Published: January 2025

Blood-derived biomaterials with high platelet content have recently emerged as attractive products for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). Platelet-derived bioactive molecules have been shown to play a role in wound healing and tissue regeneration processes by promoting collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Given their regenerative potential, platelet-rich blood derivatives have become a promising treatment option for use in a variety of conditions. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), one of the platelet-rich blood derivatives, is a platelet concentrate suspended in a small volume of blood plasma obtained from whole blood. Due to its potential clinical benefits, PRP is widely used alone or in combination with various biomaterials/scaffolds in different fields of medicine and has shown promising results in wound healing. The recent growing interest in the development of PRP-based scaffolds also reveals new perspectives on the use of PRP or platelet lysate in TERM. This topical review contains a comprehensive summary of recent trends in the fabrication of PRP-based scaffolds that can deliver growth factors, serve as mechanical support for cells, and have therapeutic or regenerative properties. The article briefly focuses on diverse PRP-based constructs using PRP as a scaffolding material, their current fabrication approaches as well as the challenges encountered and provides a selection of existing strategies and new insights.
Harnessing machine learning algorithms for the prediction and optimization of various properties of polylactic acid in biomedical use: a comprehensive review
Authors: Chandra Hasa J M , Narayanan P , Pramanik R , Arockiarajan A
Published: January 2025

Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a transformative tool in various industries, driving advancements in key tasks like classification, regression, and clustering. In the field of chemical engineering, particularly in the creation of biomedical devices, personalization is essential for ensuring successful patient recovery and rehabilitation. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a material with promising potential for applications like tissue engineering, orthopedic implants, drug delivery systems, and cardiovascular stents due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. Additive manufacturing (AM) allows for adjusting print parameters to optimize the properties of PLA components for different applications. Although past research has explored the integration of ML and AM, there remains a gap in comprehensive analyses focusing on the impact of ML on PLA-based biomedical devices. This review examines the most recent developments in ML applications within AM, highlighting its ability to revolutionize the utilization of PLA in biomedical engineering by enhancing material properties and optimizing manufacturing processes. Moreover, this review is in line with the journal’s emphasis on bio-based polymers, polymer functionalization, and their biomedical uses, enriching the understanding of polymer chemistry and materials science.
Laser-induced graphene and laser-induced graphene/carbon nanotube-based sensors for temperature and strain sensing
Authors: Zhang Yong , Li Yi , Liu Weiwei , Yu Chen , Yang Fei , Chen Chuan , Cao Liqiang
Published: January 2025

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has gained significant attention in the field of sensor research due to its exceptional properties and ease of fabrication. In this study, we present the development of flexible temperature sensors and strain sensors by transferring LIG onto polydimethylsiloxane. The temperature sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 0.444% per degree Celsius, which was validated through its practical application in breath monitoring and blowing detection. The strain sensor possesses a measurement range of approximately 35% with a sensitivity of about 370.6. Furthermore, when carbon nanotubes were applied to augment the LIG, creating a more extensive conductive network and a denser structure, both the strain range and sensitivity of the sensor were notably increased to 45% and 483.1, respectively. The enhanced strain sensor’s capabilities were showcased through its application in monitoring human joint movements and detecting sound vibrations. These findings underscore the substantial potential of LIG for producing low-cost, flexible, and eco-friendly sensors.
Soil degradation risk prediction in an arid region (Northern Tataouine, Tunisia): using an empirical model coupling with remote sensing and GIS
Authors: Gammoudi Amal , Guesmi Hanen , Tebini Ahmed , Attia Rafla , Chahed Thouraya Sahli , Trabelsi Hosni
Published: January 2025

The soil quality losses related to the water erosion is considered as a worldwide environmental hazard in arid regions, which is disturbing natural resources. In fact, it can affect land sustainability and agricultural production. In order to preserve the natural resources, different erosion models are applied. In this study, the combination of the model of RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss equation) and the GIS (Geographic Information Systems) using the RS (remote sensing) techniques allows to detect vulnerable areas to soil degradation. The used model is related to five factors linked to the rainfall intensities, the topographic characteristics, the soil sensitivity, the agricultural practices and the vegetation cover. The application of this combination in the Ferch watershed (Southern Tunisia) indicates that the whole studied watershed has low soil erosion hazard (90.4%). Indeed, the high to severe soil erosion hazard are mainly characterized the mountainous zones. As a consequence, this work can be useful to ensure the appropriate environmental plan for sustainable soil conservation.
Frequency multiplexed photothermal correlation tomography for non-destructive evaluation of manufactured materials
Authors: Zhu Pengfei , Wang Rongbang , Sivagurunathan Koneswaran , Sfarra Stefano , Sarasini Fabrizio , Ibarra-Castanedo Clemente , Maldague Xavier , Zhang Hai , Mandelis Andreas
Published: January 2025

Infrared thermography has been widely applied in real industrial inspection of aerospace, energy management systems, engines, and electric systems. However, two-dimensional imaging modality limits its development. Here, a technique named frequency multiplexed photothermal correlation tomography (FM-PCT) was developed to enable non-destructive and contactless cross-sectional imaging for manufactured material evaluation and characterization. By combining advantages of photothermal tomography and pulsed thermography, FM-PCT facilitates the generation of three-dimensional thermal images through temporal superposition (stacking) of two-dimensional images from sequential subsurface depths. FM-PCT image processing involves pulsed excitation signals to which frequency delay and matched filtering techniques are applied. Major features of FM-PCT are high-resolution three-dimensional tomographic imaging under low camera frame-rate conditions with self-correcting capability for diffusion (blurring) correction of subsurface images due to cross-correlation processing of individual frequencies in the Fourier decomposition spectrum of the excitation pulse. Furthermore, FM-PCT extends truncated-correlation photothermal coherence tomography from chirp and pulsed signals to more general linear heating sources. Lock-in thermography and x-ray computed tomography validation demonstrate that 3D FM-PCT imaging accurately reveals subsurface discontinuities/defects in solids despite the diffusive nature of thermal-wave imaging.
Advances of Wearable Silicone Rubber-based Triboelectric Nanogenerators: From Manufacturing to Application
Authors: Shen Dianlong , Du Tailii , Dong Fangyang , Cai Hu , Aziz Noor , Du Xiannan , Zou Yongjiu , Lee Chengkuo , Xu Minyi
Published: January 2025

Wearable bioelectronic devices are rapidly evolving towards miniaturisation and multifunctionality, with remarkable features such as flexibility and comfort. However, achieving sustainable power supply for wearable bioelectronic devices is still a great challenge. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can efficiently convert irregular, low-frequency bioenergy from the human body into electrical energy. Besides sustainable powering of wearable bioelectronics, the electrical energy contains rich information for human body sensing. In this conversion process, suitable material is one of the most important factors affecting the output performance of the TENGs. Among different materials, silicone rubber (SR) is widely applied because of its plasticity, flexibility and comfortability, etc. Moreover, it can also achieve some extreme functions, such as strong robustness, good stability, self-healing, rapid response and other functions after treatment. In this review, recent advances of wearable silicone rubber-based TENGs (SR-TENGs) are systematically reviewed in the view of application in different parts of human body. Because the manufacturing method of SR-TENGs largely determines its output performance and sensitivity. It introduce the design of SR-TENGs, including material selection, process modulation and structure optimization. And in the harsh external environment, through the process manufacturing, to achieve extreme output performance and mechanical stability. Finally, the prospects and challenges of SR-TENGs are proposed. It is expected to promote the effective development of SR-TENGs in biomechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sensing.
Design of compact true wireless stereo (TWS) antenna in earphones for wearable communication applications
Authors: Nadh B Prudhvi , Swamy Banothu YVNR , Ramakrishna Yarlagadda , Anveshini D , Kandula Srinivasa Rao , V Lokesh Raju , Das Priyanka , Madhav B T P
Published: January 2025

An ear-bar true wireless stereo (TWS) earphone antenna is designed and analysed to enhance the radiation efficiency, path gain with reduced specific absorption rate (SAR). The proposed design consists of a meander line structure printed on a flexible substrate of polyimide material. The antenna works for ISM band applications covering the frequency range 2.4–2.48 GHz with 80 MHz bandwidth. As the antenna is designed for earphone applications, it is simulated and measured inside the ear-bar for on body performance analysis yielding a gain value of 6.7 dBi. The individual design is placed inside the ear bar and attained a gain of 4.04 dBi. SAR analysis is carried out for investigating the radiated emissions of the proposed antenna and obtained the SAR of 0.707 W K−1g−1, when placed on the human body. As the designed antenna should exhibit binaural hearing, ear to ear (E2E) link analysis is carried out and path gain of −58 dB is estimated when the antenna is placed and analysed in both the ears.
Combined effect of incentives and coupling in multigames in two-layer networks
Authors: Jiang Luo-Luo , Li Yi-Ming , Li Wen-Jing , Szolnoki Attila
Published: January 2025

The lack of cooperation can easily result in inequality among members of a society, which provides an increasing gap between individual incomes. To tackle this issue, we introduce an incentive mechanism based on individual strategies and incomes, wherein a portion of the income from defectors is allocated to reward low-income cooperators, aiming to enhance cooperation by improving the equitable distribution of wealth across the entire population. Moreover, previous research has typically employed network structures or game mechanisms characterized by homogeneity. In this study, we present a network framework that more accurately reflects real-world conditions, where agents are engaged in multiple games, including prisoner’s dilemma games in the top-layer and public good games in the down-layer networks. Within this framework, we introduce the concept of ‘external coupling’ which connects agents across different networks as acquaintances, thereby facilitating access to shared datasets. Our results indicate that the combined positive effects of external coupling and incentive mechanism lead to optimal cooperation rates and lower Gini coefficients, demonstrating a negative correlation between cooperation and inequality. From a micro-level perspective, this phenomenon primarily arises from the regular network, whereas suboptimal outcomes are observed within the scale-free network. These observations help to give a deeper insight into the interplay between cooperation and wealth disparity in evolutionary games in large populations.
Fitness centrality: a non-linear centrality measure for complex networks
Authors: Servedio Vito D P , Bellina Alessandro , Calò Emanuele , De Marzo Giordano
Published: January 2025

As often happens in science, tools, and methods originally developed in one field can unexpectedly become useful in others. This paper explores the formalism of Economic Fitness Complexity (EFC), initially designed to predict and explain the economic trajectories of countries, cities, and regions, which has also proven applicable in diverse contexts such as ecology and chess openings. The success of EFC is attributed to its ability to indirectly assess hidden capabilities within a system. However, existing EFC algorithms are constrained to bipartite graphs, becoming inapplicable even with minor deviations in the bipartite structure. This paper introduces an extension of EFC and its cousin Economic Complexity Index that applies to any graph, thereby overcoming the bipartite constraint. This extension introduces fitness centrality, a novel centrality measure that can be used for assessing node vulnerability. By broadening the scope of economic complexity analysis to diverse network structures, this work expands the applicability and robustness of EFC in complexity science.
Practically effective adjustment variable selection in causal inference
Authors: Noda Atsushi , Isozaki Takashi
Published: January 2025

In the estimation of causal effects, one common method for removing the influence of confounders is to adjust the variables that satisfy the back-door criterion. However, it is not always possible to uniquely determine sets of such variables. Moreover, real-world data is almost always limited, which means it may be insufficient for statistical estimation. Therefore, we propose criteria for selecting variables from a list of candidate adjustment variables along with an algorithm to prevent accuracy degradation in causal effect estimation. We initially focus on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and then outlines specific steps for applying this method to completed partially DAGs (CPDAGs). We also present and prove a theorem on causal effect computation possibility in CPDAGs. Finally, we demonstrate the practical utility of our method using both existing and artificial data.
Loss shaping enhances exact gradient learning with Eventprop in spiking neural networks
Authors: Nowotny Thomas , Turner James P , Knight James C
Published: January 2025

Event-based machine learning promises more energy-efficient AI on future neuromorphic hardware. Here, we investigate how the recently discovered Eventprop algorithm for gradient descent on exact gradients in spiking neural networks (SNNs) can be scaled up to challenging keyword recognition benchmarks. We implemented Eventprop in the GPU-enhanced neural networks framework (GeNN) and used it for training recurrent SNNs on the Spiking Heidelberg Digits (SHD) and Spiking Speech Commands (SSC) datasets. We found that learning depended strongly on the loss function and extended Eventprop to a wider class of loss functions to enable effective training. We then tested a large number of data augmentations and regularisations as well as exploring different network structures; and heterogeneous and trainable timescales. We found that when combined with two specific augmentations, the right regularisation and a delay line input, Eventprop networks with one recurrent layer achieved state-of-the-art performance on SHD and good accuracy on SSC. In comparison to a leading surrogate-gradient-based SNN training method, our GeNN Eventprop implementation is 3× faster and uses 4× less memory. This work is a significant step towards a low-power neuromorphic alternative to current machine learning paradigms.
Bridging incremental to transformative hazard management strategies on the Tule River Indian Reservation
Authors: Herbert Natalie , Beckman Caroline , Vera Kerri , Coles Eric , Kim Thomas , Cho Seung-Hyun , Wong-Parodi Gabrielle
Published: January 2025

Compounding hazards are becoming more common due to global environmental change. To build societal resilience, there is a need to focus on how people are made vulnerable by our social, political, and economic systems that turn hazards into disasters. Incremental adaptation, often piecemeal and hazard-specific actions, will be insufficient for keeping pace with the rapid global environmental changes already underway. Instead, transformative adaptation is necessary for meeting this need, although the pathways for how to create transformative as opposed to incremental change through individual action and social systems are challenging. These challenges for climate adaptation are on display in rural American Indian Tribal Nations, including the Tule River Indian Reservation, the site of this co-produced research. The Reservation is rural and isolated, and many of the 2000 members manage chronic health conditions like diabetes alongside increasing wildfire and wildfire smoke, extreme heat, drought, and flooding hazards. We ask: how do emergency managers and health practitioners on the Reservation characterize hazards and the vulnerabilities of the people they serve, and how do these understandings determine viable pathways for adaptation to support community health? We interviewed 16 practitioners with expertise in emergency management and health care services on the Tule River Indian Reservation. Using a grounded theory approach to analyze practitioner interviews, our article makes two major contributions. First, we identify a conceptual framework by which practitioners connect people to each other and to place, from place to compounding hazards, and from vulnerabilities to hazard management strategies. Second, our conceptual framework illustrates the incremental-transformative adaptation tension. Most adaptation strategies under consideration or implemented are incremental in nature and hazard-specific. Yet, we demonstrate how action at earlier points in the framework could promise transformative adaptation, addressing the disconnection between people, place, and infrastructure in ways that incremental adaptation actions cannot.
Decision Science
Authors: Fischhoff Baruch
Published: January 2025

Decision science, or behavioral decision research, is a core management science discipline that provides one essential element of the strategy proposed in later chapters, for management science to lead in bringing disciplinary sciences to bear on problems that cross disciplines. This chapter situates decision science in the evolution of management science and then uses it to illustrate how the intricacies of a disciplinary science both create and constrain its wisdom. These illustrations focus on nuances of seemingly simple studies that are hidden in plain sight for people without disciplinary training. The chapter emphasizes the self-awareness (and humility) that scientists need if they are to recognize the limits to their understanding and reach out for help from disciplines with complementary wisdom.
A Vision for Management Science
Authors: Fischhoff Baruch
Published: January 2025

Schools of management can be centers of excellence for developing and applying the procedures needed to bring disciplines and decision makers together. Whether they apply those procedures will depend on the incentives that they provide to members of their community. This chapter advocates an incentive system common to schools of engineering, which rewards members who both publish in outlets that advance their discipline (journals or conference proceedings) and demonstrate their ability to make themselves useful by applying disciplinary knowledge in applications that, over time, advance their disciplines through lessons learned in interactions with other disciplines and decision makers. The chapter offers examples of such collaborations and educational initiatives that prepare people for them.
The ‘New’ and the ‘Now’
Authors: French Jade Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Chapter 1 examines how Loy, Barnes, and H.D. situated, represented, and responded to older people in their earlier works. As the ‘modern woman’ who ages, this chapter explores the differences between the ‘new’, the fleeting time of trends, and the ‘now’, the lived experience of the present. Working as a journalist, Barnes was attuned to the metropolis as an intergenerational space, wherein the young can learn from their older counterparts’ experience. Articles such as ‘Veterans in Harness’ (1913) and ‘I’m Plain Mary Jane of the USA’ (1915) show reverence for the older people who made New York, which has both advantages and drawbacks in the early twentieth-century. In the mid-century, Mina Loy’s Bowery period gives a voice to invisible older women in ‘Chiffon Velours’ (1944), as she writes from the vantage point of herself being middle-aged. In works such as ‘A Hard Luck Story’ (n.d.) and ‘An Aged Woman’ (n.d.), Loy explores the invisibility of ageing for women and the temporality of the ‘fourth age’: the liminal space of the last stage of life. In the 1950s, H.D. used visual signifiers of ageing to embrace the image of the older femme fatale in her late photographs. I argue that each author had a complex and nuanced understanding of ageing from their earliest works, which will be complicated in the remaining chapters as I turn to the lived experience of each in later life.
‘Still Occurring’
Authors: French Jade Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

In 1964, Barnes wrote to Natalie Barney with a distinct lack of news: ‘and of me, what can I tell you, except that I still occur’. Chapter 2 reflects on how ‘still occurring’ is another facet of ageing for Loy, H.D., and Barnes. In their later years, each suffered the experience of being pinned to their past. They were no longer framed as ‘new’ practitioners yet continued to live and work amongst their networks. Situating the authors geographically, I open with a discussion of Barnes’s letters with Natalie Barney to suggest their shared experiences of ageing and the difficulties Barnes reports about being able to continue creatively. I read Barnes’s correspondence alongside Bryher and H.D.’s practice of writing daily letters, suggesting they were part of a care routine that underpinned H.D.’s late creative output. I next examine Barnes’s response to being reported on as a once-important literary light even as she continued to make new work and wrote personal counter-narratives to reports on her decline in correspondence with Samuel Beckett. Finally, I read Mina Loy’s interview with Paul Blackburn and Robert Vas Dias in 1961 as a document of intergenerational communication, paying attention to the ways that Loy resists linear chronology in favour of relating the experiences of the present moment. Overall, the chapter examines the tensions embedded in ‘still occurring’ beyond one’s own literary period.
Towards an Embodied Late Style
Authors: French Jade Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Chapter 3 focuses on the ways in which Barnes and H.D.’s late work might have a ‘late style’ and how Mina Loy’s assemblages challenge these parameters. I place ‘late style’ in conversation with cultural gerontology to suggest that we cannot ignore the lived experience of ageing in works produced in later life. This chapter challenges the established paradigms of ‘late style’ by arguing that it is vital to acknowledge embodiment as well as to connect to aesthetic models of lateness. The chapter suggests that H.D.’s ‘late style’ is marked by a break towards the personal. Although she felt that her ‘final’ work was the poetry series Helen in Egypt, it is the final collection Hermetic Definition that I argue reflects a personally charged and lustful ‘late style’. The chapter then offers an in-depth analysis of Barnes’s late poetry, particularly how her redrafting process might be an example of an embodied late style. I navigate Barnes’s complicated relationship to publishing her work and how her ‘late style’ process offers concrete examples of an aesthetic, modernist project, and difficult lived experience. Where H.D. and Barnes each seek a way towards an ending, this chapter concludes by looking at Loy’s assemblages as an aesthetic experiment that embrace the material qualities of lateness in order to face the future.
Experimental Late-Life Writing
Authors: French Jade Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

This chapter places Loy, Barnes, and H.D. in the context of the mid-century and the ways in which modernism was received by the public as its practitioners grew older. By examining the life writing of each author in the mid-century, I argue that they eschewed a growing interest for modernist memoir in the mid-century in favour of recording their experiences of ageing. Authors and artists such as Robert McAlmon, William Carlos Williams, Man Ray, Peggy Guggenheim, and Wyndham Lewis sought to stake their claim and define the modernist period by its past. In contrast, Loy, Barnes, and H.D. favoured exploring experimental representations of the ‘self’, in which they controlled the narrative from a vantage point of older age. In the 1940s, Barnes returned from Paris to New York and found the memoir market to be a potentially lucrative business. I examine why, after attempting a contribution, ‘Lament for the Left Bank’ (1941), Barnes began to actively refuse to write or contribute to any memoirs. The latter half of the chapter suggests that Loy in ‘Hurry’ (c.1940s) and H.D. in End to Torment (1958) produced a type of ‘experimental late-life writing’ which stayed true to their modernist aesthetics but found no eminent place in the mid-century literary landscape. This chapter comparatively studies two memoir types: the modernist memoir, which sought to establish a generational and canonical identity, and experimental late-life writing, which I suggest sought to explore the evolving memories of the self.
The Archive as Life Course
Authors: French Jade Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Chapter 5 argues that despite not being able to capitalise on the codification of ‘modernism’ in modernist memoirs, Barnes, Loy, and H.D. still consciously shaped their archives for posterity. The archive is a necessary tool for critics wishing to speak on the lives and works of these authors as much of their output remained unpublished in their lifetimes. I examine how each author looked back over their work and lives. I compare H.D.’s response to the publication of Bid Me to Live (1961) with her diary notebooks. In doing so, I suggest she actively curated her archival ‘shelf’ at Yale University and became a reader of her own archive. Next, I compare Hank O’Neal’s Life is Painful, Nasty and Short—In My Case It Has Only Been Painful and Nasty (1990), a memoir of his time with Djuna Barnes during the last years of her life, to her own messy archival traces. O’Neal’s view of her apartment as a site of decline obscures Barnes’s ambivalent commitment to seeing her archive acquired by the University of Maryland. Finally, I read Loy’s ‘Letters of the Unliving’ (1949) as displaying her anti-archival impulse and fear of memory loss, before offering a close reading of her assemblages that were rescued by Marcel Duchamp and later by Loy biographer Carolyn Burke. I suggest that the archive is an important resource as it reveals, like an iceberg, that what may seem like a meagre publication history in later years is belied by continuing, creative energy.
High-Risk Emergency Department Visits and Risk of All-Cause Mortality, Suicide, and Fatal Overdose Among US Military Veterans
Authors: Elser Holly , Kiang Mathew V , Humphreys Keith , Zhang Jonathan
Published: January 2025

Deaths due to overdose and suicide together comprise an urgent public health challenge. Using VHA electronic health records, we identified patients with high-risk Emergency Department (ED) visits related to suicidality or overdose between January 2010–September 2019 using diagnostic codes from the International Classification of Diseases. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for 90-day all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with high-risk VHA ED visits compared with other VHA ED users, all VHA users, and the US general population. Among 20,382,060 ED visits from 3,705,984 unique Veterans, we identified 318,950 high-risk ED visits. The 90-day all-cause mortality rate among Veterans with high-risk ED visits was 2.81 times the expected rate (95%CI:2.72, 2.92) for other VHA ED users after adjusting for sex, race, and age. Rates remained elevated compared to all VHA users and the US general population. By race, mortality rates were markedly elevated among veterans identified as Asian or Pacific Islander (SMR=3.50, 95%CI:2.86,4.24) compared to other VHA ED users. The 90-day cause-specific SMRs were most pronounced for suicide, overdose, and accidents or unintentional self-harm. These results suggest that high-risk ED visits should trigger assertive, continued mental health care directed at reducing acute mortality through structured suicide prevention programs.
Canada HARMONY Study: Improvements in Patient Satisfaction With Facial Appearance and Psychological Impact of Combined Aesthetic Treatment
Authors: Rivers Jason K , Bertucci Vince , Muhn Channy , Humphrey Shannon , Solish Nowell , Carruthers Jean , McGillivray William , Bhogal Meetu , Garcia Julia K , Sangha Sara , Manson Brown Stephanie
Published: January 2025

Background

Panfacial treatment has the potential to positively impact psychosocial and emotional well-being.

Objectives

The Canada HARMONY study evaluated the satisfaction and psychosocial impact of comprehensive, multimodal aesthetic treatment of the face and submental area from the patient perspective.

Methods

Over 12 months, all patients (N = 58) sequentially received treatment with hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, onabotulinumtoxinA, and medical-grade skincare products, and eligible patients (n = 13) also received ATX-101. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline on the FACE-Q Satisfaction with Facial Appearance Scale. Secondary endpoints included the following assessments: FACE-Q Expectations of Life Change, Psychological Function, Social Function, Satisfaction with Skin, and Aging Appraisal Scales; Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS); and the Periorbital Aesthetic Appearance Questionnaire (PAAQ). Safety was monitored throughout the study.

Results

Baseline FACE-Q Expectations of Life Change scores indicated realistic treatment expectations. Significant improvements from baseline were observed on the FACE-Q Satisfaction with Facial Appearance, Psychological Function, Social Function, Satisfaction with Skin, and Aging Appraisal Scales (P < .0001 for all endpoints). Most patients rated “much improved” on the GAIS. The mean PAAQ total score significantly improved from baseline by 32.6 (P < .0001). Most patients reported mild-to-moderate injection-site responses, which had a mean time to resolution of <14 days.

Conclusions

Panfacial aesthetic treatment consisting of HA fillers, onabotulinumtoxinA, and ATX-101 improved patient-reported satisfaction, psychological function, social function, and aging appraisal across validated measures.

Level of Evidence: 5 (Therapeutic)
Proteoform identification and quantification based on alignment graphs
Authors: Zhan Zhaohui , Wang Lusheng
Published: January 2025

Motivation

Proteoforms are the different forms of a proteins generated from the genome with various sequence variations, splice isoforms, and post-translational modifications. Proteoforms regulate protein structures and functions. A single protein can have multiple proteoforms due to different modification sites. Proteoform identification is to find proteoforms of a given protein that best fits the input spectrum. Proteoform quantification is to find the corresponding abundances of different proteoforms for a specific protein.

Results

We proposed algorithms for proteoform identification and quantification based on the top-down tandem mass spectrum. In the combination alignments of the HomMTM spectrum and the reference protein, we need to give a correction of the mass for each matched peak within the pre-defined error range. After the correction, we impose that the mass between any two (not necessarily consecutive) matched nodes in the protein is identical to that of the corresponding two matched peaks in the HomMTM spectrum. We design a back-tracking graph to store such kind of information and find a combinatorial path (k paths) with the minimum sum of peak intensity error in this back-tracking graph. The obtained alignment can also show the relative abundance of these proteoforms (paths). Our experimental results demonstrate the algorithm’s capability to identify and quantify proteoform combinations encompassing a greater number of peaks. This advancement holds promise for enhancing the accuracy and comprehensiveness of proteoform quantification, addressing a crucial need in the field of top-down MS-based proteomics.

Availability and implementation

The software package are available at https://github.com/Zeirdo/TopMGQuant.
Toward a definition of professional identity for social work: Findings from a scoping review
Authors: Moorhead Bernadette , Otani Kyoko , Bowles Wendy , Baginsky Mary , Bell Karen , Ivory Nicola , Mackenzie Harper , Savaya Rivka
Published: January 2025

Defining professional identity has long been a contested matter, even more so in social work with ongoing questions about our professional status. To address these questions, this article explores how professional identity is theorized, defined, and/or measured in peer-reviewed social work literature by reporting on a subset of findings from a scoping review. The search protocol produced a total dataset of ninety-one peer-reviewed articles, sixty-six of which specified theory and/or a definition and/or scale indicators related to professional identity. Descriptive analysis was undertaken on bibliographic data from the sixty-six papers, as well as thematic analysis on key sections related to definitions of and theories informing professional identity in social work. Descriptive analysis revealed that most studies were qualitative, and the countries of focus were centred in China and Euro-Western contexts. Thematic analysis produced four themes that are used to propose a comprehensive and multidimensional definition of professional identity for social work, which has implications for social work associations, educators, and practitioners. Recommendations for future research incorporating this definition are also highlighted, especially opportunities for international comparative research.
Preparation of Nitrogen-Doped Activated Carbon from Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches for Electrodes in Electric Double-Layer Capacitance-Type Supercapacitors: Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature
Authors: Arundina Ria Yolanda , Marlina Resti , Kusrini Eny , Usman Anwar , Subhan Achmad , Destyorini Fredina , Prasetyo Agus Budi , Subiyanto Bambang
Published: January 2025

In this study, activated carbon was synthesized from palm oil empty fruit bunches through two different carbonization and activation processes and was used as carbon-based electrodes for supercapacitor. The activated carbon was produced by a combination of the hydrothermal and pyrolysis methods using melamine as nitrogen source dopant and potassium chloride as an activating agent. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on the crystalline structure, crystallite size, functional groups, and surface characteristics of the resulting activated carbon, which was applied as electrodes in electric double-layer capacitor. The performance of the activated carbon-based electrodes was evaluated, suggesting that activated carbon prepared by pyrolysis at 950°C showed the highest specific capacitance of 389.122 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g with energy and power densities of 13.511 Wh/kg and 125 W/kg, respectively. Overall results suggest that palm oil empty fruit bunches are promising cellulosic sources in synthesizing activated carbon-based electrodes for supercapacitors.
Renewable energy innovations: fulfilling SDG targets
Authors: Kyei Sampson Kofi , Boateng Harriet Kwakye , Frimpong Alex Justice
Published: January 2025

Addressing the urgent global concern of transitioning to sustainable energy sources involves navigating a complex landscape of opportunities and challenges. Factors such as the growing global population, dwindling fossil fuel reserves, inefficient energy consumption, and the adverse impacts of climate change, all contribute to the need for renewable and green energy solutions. The emissions linked to energy are currently at record levels, with the energy sector being accountable for nearly three-quarters of global greenhouse gas emissions. Innovation in technology, corporate processes, and regulations is vital for the energy transition to thrive on all levels. Investing funds into renewable energy technology and practices may enhance future energy systems’ resilience, equity, and sustainability. The advantages of renewable energy include minimal environmental impact, a stable supply of energy even in harsh weather conditions, and the ability to effectively reduce pollutants. Renewable energy has several benefits such as boosting economic growth, creating jobs, and improving energy security. However, there are some challenges related to renewable energy storage, which scientists are working to address. Public education is key to creating an environment that supports the expansion of renewable energy sources. Keeping up with technological advancements, industry trends, and policy updates is crucial to adjusting techniques and strategies in response to changing challenges and opportunities. To evaluate the effectiveness of innovative solutions and guide future decision-making, it is recommended to establish monitoring and evaluation systems that track the performance, impact, and outcomes of renewable energy innovations.
Validation of new items for diagnosing primary hyperhidrosis and the prevalence of primary hyperhidrosis
Authors: Henning Mattias A S , Al-Rahimi Hajer I , Ibler Kristina S , Jemec Gregor B E , Pedersen Ole B
Published: January 2025

Background

The Multi-Specialty Working Group on the Recognition, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Primary Focal Hyperhidrosis developed evidence-based consensus criteria for diagnosing primary hyperhidrosis.

Objectives

To validate new questionnaire items for self-reported classification of primary hyperhidrosis based on the consensus criteria and to estimate the prevalence of primary hyperhidrosis.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study. Questionnaires containing the index tests and reference tests were distributed to blood donors at blood centers between June and December of 2021 in Region Zealand, Denmark. The index tests were the two questions ‘Have you had troublesome sweating?’ and ‘Have you ever had troublesome sweating?’, which were used to create six single-item algorithms for classifying primary hyperhidrosis. The reference test was the consensus criteria.

Results

Overall, 1,071 (95.9%) of 1,083 eligible blood donors completed the index tests. The reference test classified 59 participants as having primary hyperhidrosis and 980 as not having primary hyperhidrosis, generating a prevalence of 5.7% (95% confidence interval 4.4–7.3%). The algorithms with the highest combined sensitivity and specificity were algorithm 2 with a sensitivity of 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.77–0.99) and a specificity of 0.94 (confidence interval 0.92–0.95), and algorithm 5 with a sensitivity of 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.80–0.99) and a specificity of 0.92 (confidence interval 0.90–0.94).

Conclusions

With high diagnostic accuracy, these items allow for the identification of individuals with and without primary hyperhidrosis, which may prove useful in epidemiological research. Validation in the general population is warranted.
Can guilt enhance sensitivity to other’s suffering? An EEG investigation into moral emotions and pain empathy
Authors: Wang He , Zhang Ye , Ao Lihong , Huang Rui , Meng Yujia , Jia Shuyu , Zhang XiuJun , Liu Yingjie
Published: January 2025

As a unique form of empathy, pain empathy often has a close relationship with society and morality. Research has revealed that moral emotions can influence pain empathy. The underlying physiological mechanism still needs to be further examined to understand how moral emotions affect pain empathy. This study employs EEG and Machine Learning techniques, using a painful image induction paradigm to explore the impact of moral emotion (guilt)—on pain empathy and its neural mechanisms. Participants without pain sensation were instructed to observe and evaluate pictures of an anonymous hand in painful or non-painful pictures under feelings of guilt or neutral emotion. Results found slower reaction times and higher pain ratings for painful pictures. Furthermore, guilt led to higher pain ratings. Under conditions of painful pictures, guilt-induced greater P3(350-450ms) amplitudes and higher α oscillations and enhanced the functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex, the central frontal region, and the parieto-occipital lobe. K-nearest neighbor can effectively classify high and low-pain empathy under guilt emotion. The result showed that guilt promotes the brain’s processing of painful picture, causing individuals to pay high attention and engage in deep cognitive processing. This study provides insights into enhancing empathy and fostering interpersonal relationships.
Quantification of Agnuside in Human Plasma with a Novel High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method and Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Egeli Derya , Tiris Gizem , Kepekci Tekkeli Evrim
Published: January 2025

This study presents a combination of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet (UV) detection that provides the quantification of agnuside in human plasma specimens. Reverse-phase chromatographic separation was carried out with C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 μm), at 25°C with isocratic elution of the mobile phase containing methanol: 0.1% formic acid (35:65 v/v) at 0.6 mL/min flow rate. Experiments were carried out at a wavelength of 258 nm. The retention time of the analyte is 9.70 ± 0.01 min. The developed technique was validated based on the International Conference on Harmonization guideline. The correlation coefficient of the technique was 0.9915, and the calibration range was 5–125 μg/mL. The recovery value of the proposed method was found to be 101.4%, and the precision of the method was calculated as 6.35 with the highest RSD% value. A pharmacokinetic study was performed by administering agnuside to a healthy volunteer.
Integrating artificial intelligence into regional technological domains: the role of intra- and extra-regional AI relatedness
Authors: Chen Yijia , Wu Kangmin
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a key driver of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Despite growing interest in the geography of AI, our understanding of how AI integrates into regional contexts remains limited. In response, we examine the integration of AI into regional technological domains in China using patent data. Theoretically, we develop a framework by introducing the concepts of intra- and extra-regional AI relatedness. Our findings reveal that the integration of AI into regional technological domains is positively associated with both intra-regional and extra-regional AI relatedness. Additionally, extra-regional AI relatedness can moderate the lack of intra-regional AI relatedness. Finally, we use the USA as a robustness check, which further validates our findings.
Impact of ultraviolet filters and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon from recreational activities on water reservoirs in southeast Queensland Australia
Authors: Verhagen Rory , Veal Cameron , O’Malley Elissa , Gallen Michael , Sturm Katrin , Bartkow Michael , Kaserzon Sarit
Published: January 2025

Water reservoirs and lakes are gaining popularity for recreation activities as populations increase and green spaces become in high demand. However, these activities may cause contamination to critical water resources. This study investigates the impact of recreational activities on the presence and concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and ultraviolet (UV) filters in drinking water reservoirs in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Polydimethylsiloxane passive samplers were used to monitor 14 lakes over a 3-year period, focusing on seasonal variations and the influence of recreational activities such as petrol-powered boating and swimming. A total of 15 PAHs and six UV filters were detected, with chrysene (97%) and octyl salicylate (34%) being the most prevalent PAH and UV filter, respectively. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels were statistically significantly higher in lakes permitting petrol-powered boating, especially during summer (p = 0.005 to 0.05). Lake Maroon and Lake Moogerah were the only sites that showed significantly higher PAH levels in summer (3.9 ± 1.1 and 4.0 ± 1.2 ng L−1, respectively) than winter (1.6 ± 0.61 and 1.5 ± 0.84, respectively). Ultraviolet filters were generally detected in higher levels in lakes allowing swimming, with Lake Moogerah and Lake Sommerset measuring UV filter concentrations of 20 ± 4.1 and 20 ± 11 ng L−1 in summer, respectively. Other lakes that do not permit swimming, such as Lake Maroon and Lake Samsonvale, also exhibited elevated UV filter levels, suggesting illegal swimming. These findings highlight the complexity of PAH and UV filter presence, influenced by multiple factors including lake size, recreational activity type, and seasonal variations. The levels of individual PAHs and UV filters in this study were below established freshwater guidelines. However, when considering their bioaccumulation potential and mixture toxicity, mitigating the impact of these substances on our environment and the organisms within it should be of priority.
Denied a Certificate of Fitness to Marry: The Nuremberg Race Laws as a Threat to Black German Futures
Authors: Aitken Robbie
Published: January 2025

The 1935 Nuremberg Race Laws were one of the cornerstones of Nazi racial policy. Among other racial restrictions, they prohibited marriages and sexual relationships between German Jews and so-called Aryans. Wilhelm Frick, the Minister of the Interior, extended them to also cover men and women racialized as Black. The fact that this extension remains widely unknown is emblematic of the wider public and academic ignorance of Black experiences under the Nazis racial state. Using a wide range of new source materials, this article considers the application of the Race Laws, in word and spirit, as part of a more general assault on Germany’s Black residents, their children, and their white partners, which the Nazi regime undertook to protect German “racial purity.” In multiple localities, Nazi policing forces intervened in the private lives of Black residents, resorting to violence, in particular the very real threat of sterilization, to prevent the development of future generations of Black Germans.