bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perda de massa de frutos de cultivares de morangueiro em diferentes condições e tempos de armazenamento
Authors: Guimaraes Amanda Goncalves , Andrade Júnior Valter Carvalho de , Oliveira Altino Júnior Mendes , Guimaraes Cíntia Gonçalves
Published: January 2017

O objetivo foi avaliar cultivares de morangueiro quanto à perda de massa de frutos em diferentes condições e tempos de armazenamento. O delineamento estatístico foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial de oito cultivares de morango (Festival, Campinas, Toyonoka, Dover, Oso Grande e Camarosa, Diamante e Aromas), cinco tempos de armazenamento (0, 3, 6, 9, 12) e duas condições de armazenamento (câmara fria e em temperatura ambiental) em três repetições. Os frutos das cultivares Toyonoka e Campinas perderam maior massa; em condições ambientes podem ser estocados até seis dias enquanto que em câmara fria até 12 dias.
Potential and Limits of Retrieving Conifer Leaf Area Index Using Smartphone Camera Sensors
Authors: Qu Yonghua , Wang Jian , Song Jinling , Wang Jindi
Published: January 2017

Plant leaf area index (LAI) is a key characteristic affecting field canopy microclimate. In addition to traditional professional measuring instruments, smartphone camera sensors have been used to measure plant LAI. However, when smartphone methods were used to measure conifer forest LAI, very different performances were obtained depending on whether the smartphone was held at the zenith angle or at a 57.5° angle. To validate further the potential of smartphone sensors for measuring conifer LAI and to find the limits of this method, this paper reports the results of a comparison of two smartphone methods with an LAI-2000 instrument. It is shown that both methods can be used to reveal the conifer leaf-growing trajectory. However, the method with the phone oriented vertically upwards always produced better consistency in magnitude with LAI-2000. The bias of the LAI between the smartphone method and the LAI-2000 instrument was explained with regard to four aspects that can affect LAI: gap fraction, leaf projection ratio, sensor field of view (FOV), and viewing zenith angle (VZA). It was concluded that large FOV and large VZA cause the 57.5° method to overestimate the gap fraction and hence underestimate conifer LAI, especially when tree height is greater than 2.0 m. For the vertically upward method, the bias caused by the overestimated gap fraction is compensated for by an underestimated leaf projection ratio.
A Parameter Selection Method for Wind Turbine Health Management through SCADA Data
Authors: Du Mian , Yi Jun , Mazidi Peyman , Cheng Lin , Guo Jianbo
Published: January 2017

More and more works are using machine learning techniques while adopting supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system for wind turbine anomaly or failure detection. While parameter selection is important for modelling a wind turbine’s health condition, only a few papers have been published focusing on this issue and in those papers interconnections among sub-components in a wind turbine are used to address this problem. However, merely the interconnections for decision making sometimes is too general to provide a parameter list considering the differences of each SCADA dataset. In this paper, a method is proposed to provide more detailed suggestions on parameter selection based on mutual information. Moreover, after proving that Copula, a multivariate probability distribution for which the marginal probability distribution of each variable is uniform is capable of simplifying the estimation of mutual information, an empirical copula based mutual information estimation method (ECMI) is introduced for an application. After that, a real SCADA dataset is adopted to test the method, and the results show the effectiveness of the ECMI in providing parameter selection suggestions when physical knowledge is not accurate enough.
Food Insecurity and Chronic Diseases Among American Indians in Rural Oklahoma: The THRIVE Study
Authors: Blue Bird Jernigan Valarie , Wetherill Marianna S. , Hearod Jordan , Jacob Tvli , Salvatore Alicia L. , Cannady Tamela , Grammar Mandy , Standridge Joy , Fox Jill , Spiegel Jennifer , Wiley AnDina , Noonan Carolyn , Buchwald Dedra
Published: January 2017

Objectives. To examine food insecurity and cardiovascular disease–related health outcomes among American Indians (AIs) in rural Oklahoma.

Methods. We surveyed a cross-sectional sample of 513 AI adults to assess food insecurity domains (i.e., food quality and quantity) and obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.

Results. Among AIs surveyed, 56% reported inadequate food quantity and 62% reported inadequate food quality. The unadjusted prevalence of diabetes (28.4% vs 18.4%), obesity (60.0% vs 48.3%), and hypertension (54.1% vs 41.6%) was higher among participants with inadequate food quantity than among those with adequate food quantity. These associations did not reach statistical significance after adjustment for age, gender, study site, education, and income. The unadjusted prevalence of obesity (60.7% vs 45.8%), diabetes (27.3% vs 18.8%), and hypertension (52.5% vs 42.5%) was higher among those with inadequate food quality than among those with adequate food quality, even after adjustment for age, gender, study site, education, and income.

Conclusions. Tribal, federal, and state policymakers, as well as businesses and nonprofit organizations, must collaboratively take aggressive action to address food insecurity and its underlying causes, including improving tribal food environments, reducing barriers to healthy foods, and increasing living wages.
Il controllo giurisdizionale di costituzionalità delle riforme costituzionali in Brasile: modello attuale e la Proposta di Emendamento n. 33 alla Costituzione
Authors: Salgado Eneida Desiree , Chagas Carolina Alves das
Published: January 2017

I valori legali e politici delle Costituzioni, specialmente nel secolo 20, distaccano questioni sulla possibilità di creazione e modificazione del testo costituzionale e sul ruolo dei rami politici nella sua protezione. In Brasile, il controllo di costituzionalità delle riforme ha messo messo in discussione questo tema. La riforma della Costituzione in Brasile succede ordinariamente con il processo di emendamento. Questo processo è garantito costituzionalmente per limiti formali, materiali e circostanziali. Conseguentemente la dottrina e la giurisprudenza riconoscono automaticamente la possibilità del controllo di costituzionalità di queste riforme. Un ramo no-democratico può rifiutare la decisione di una ampia maggioranza dei rappresentanti politici che ha aprovato l’emendamento. Questa situazione crea controversie sulla legittimità di questo ruolo della Suprema Corte brasiliana. Contro il “super-potere” del ramo giudiziale, la Proposta di Emendamento Costituzionale n. 33 propone alterazione nel processo di controllo di costituzionalità degli emendamenti, stabilendo il dialogo tra il Potere Giudiziale, il Potere Legislativo e la populazione, e ripensando le frontiere tra costituzionalismo e democrazia.
A qualidade das instituições importa? Os protestos no Brasil no governo Rousseff
Authors: Coelho André Felipe Canuto , Borba Bruna Estima
Published: January 2017

A partir de junho de 2013 o Brasil vem assistindo a uma série de protestos que não se viam desde o início da década de noventa. O que leva uma pessoa a utilizar-se de uma forma não convencional de fazer política? O arcabouço institucional conta? De acordo com a teoria da Estrutura de Oportunidade Política (EOP), dada a baixa credibilidade das instituições representativas no Brasil, mais manifestações eram até esperadas. Quando comparado com outras nações latino-americanas com qualidade de vida semelhante, verifica-se que seus vizinhos confiam mais em seus partidos e em seus políticos, malgrado protestarem mais. Seria o Brasil um outlier? Uma revisão da literatura e um estudo empírico com a utilização dos dados da pesquisa de opinião realizada pelo World Values Survey em 2014 apontam que não é só a baixa confiabilidade de seus partidos e representantes que motivou os brasileiros a irem às ruas. O grau de confiabilidade de várias outras instituições do país, tal como avaliada pela população, seja a imprensa ou o judiciário e a confiança na democracia como um valor em si importam sobremaneira. Dado que essas instituições são mais bem avaliadas, em média, no Brasil, que em outras nações de nosso subcontinente, a interação dessas variáveis resulta em uma menor propensão ao protesto.
A possibilidade de afastamento liminar de agentes públicos com prejuízo da remuneração em decorrência de vícios na investidura em cargo ou função pública
Authors: Junqueira Gabriel Marson , Costa Rafael De Oliveira
Published: January 2017

O presente estudo busca, ao atentar para a necessária reaproximação entre Direito e Ética na interpretação da norma, compreender o impacto das revelações trazidas pela hermenêutica do microssistema processual coletiva para a concessão de antecipação de tutela de afastamento de agentes públicos com prejuízo da remuneração, questão aqui escolhida para debate por representar, indubitavelmente, um dos grandes desafios do combate à corrupção na contemporaneidade. Assim é que, a partir da distinção entre ação de improbidade e ação civil pública, procura-se estabelecer o “fechamento hermenêutico” das normas que regem o processo coletivo, permitindo a concessão de tutela antecipada, liminarmente, para a sustação de todos os efeitos de concurso público fraudulento, com o consequente afastamento da pessoa beneficiada com prejuízo de sua remuneração.
Equiparações de estabelecimentos a industriais por decreto: portas de papelão na fortaleza de pedra da legalidade!
Authors: Vieira José Roberto
Published: January 2017

O presente trabalho analisa a providência do Decreto nº 8.393/2015, de equiparar a industrial certos estabelecimentos atacadistas, a partir da autorização da Lei nº 7.798/1989, sujeitando-os ao IPI. Demonstra que a tomada de tal medida por decreto, ato normativo oriundo do executivo, não do legislativo, viola os princípios constitucionais da Legalidade e da Tipicidade Tributárias, bem como atenta contra os seus fundamentos constitucionais: os princípios gerais da República e da Democracia, que, com sua essência no autogoverno, conectam-se aos primeiros pela ponte da representatividade popular que também os caracteriza. Examina o sentido histórico da Legalidade Genérica e Tributária, desde a Magna Carta inglesa de 1215, identificando-lhe o âmago na ideia de autotributação, bem como traçando a sua noção conceptual. Evidencia a impossibilidade de delegação legislativa para a instituição de tributos, inclusive as delegações disfarçadas; bem como para estabelecer novos sujeitos passivos. O texto conclui que, diante de excessos regulamentares como os do caso em tela, cabe a missão profética da denúncia das inconstitucionalidades tanto da iniciativa do executivo quanto da licença do legislativo.
RED FLAGS AND FRAUD PREVENTION ON RURAL BANKS
Authors: Rustiarini Ni Wayan , Suryandari Ni Nyoman Ayu , Nova I Kadek Satria
Published: January 2017

This paper identifies the effectiveness of the red flags in detecting fraudulent financial statements, as well as preventive measures appropriate to implemented in Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR). We use field survey convering the whole BPR in Province Bali, covering 60 indicators provided to 101 internal auditors from 86 BPR. The result shows that the highest dimensions within the Fraud Diamond are capability. Efforts to prevent the fraud would be the culture of honesty and high ethics, evaluating anti-fraud process and control, and developing an appropriate oversight process.
IMPACT OF REDENOMINATION ON PRICE, VOLUME, AND VALUE OF TRANSACTION: AN EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMIC APPRAOCH
Authors: Astrini Danti , Juanda Bambang , Achsani Noer Azam
Published: January 2017

Redenomination is a simplification of nominal value of currency by reducing digit (zero number) without reducing the real value of the currency. This paper provide an overview of the impact of redenomination to changes in transaction prices, transaction value and number of transactions using experimental methods. The results showed that the most substantial price reduction on the elastic goods can occur in conditions of low economic growth and high inflation. Price reductions also occur in conditions of high economic growth and low inflation. Based on results, there is no change between before and after redenomination on the number of transactions. So redenomination would not change the number of transactions in elastic goods. Conditions which can change the value of the transaction is low growth and high growth in high inflation condition. Conditions of high inflation and low growth will decrease the value of the transaction while the condition of high inflation with high growth will increase the value of the transaction.
Iron Sulfide Scale Management in High-H2S and -CO2 Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Verri G.. , Sorbie K. S. , Singleton M. A. , Hinrichsen C.. , Wang Q.. , Chang F. F. , Ramachandran S..
Published: January 2017

Combined sulfide/carbonate-scale formation in wells producing from reservoirs with high carbon dioxide (CO2) and high hydrogen sulfide (H2S) represents a serious threat to production efficiency and system integrity. Understanding of both the main source of iron that forms the iron sulfide (FeS) scale and the phase partitioning and effect of the acid gases (CO2 and H2S) is important in devising and implementing the correct sulfide-scale-control program.

In this paper, a pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) software package was used to take production data and model water condensation/evaporation and calculate gas compositional changes and CO2/H2S partitioning between the liquid phases. This enabled reservoir-fluid compositions to be predicted by use of an in-house scale-prediction software, with particular focus on the stable concentration of iron in the aqueous phase. A sensitivity study was then performed to assess the parameters that impact iron solubility within the reservoir. With the reservoir-fluid compositions established, changes along the production stream (over a given range of temperatures and pressures) were determined and used to predict scale formation at those conditions. A modeling workflow was developed and tested against field data for the prediction of sulfide/carbonate-scale deposition in gas wells producing from carbonate reservoirs. The workflow was then applied to a number of gas wells in the Middle East that produce 2 to 4% CO2 and 2 to 6% H2S. By understanding changes in flow rate, gas partitioning, and fluid composition along the production stream, it was possible to map the potential scale deposition through the system and to compare these results with scale deposits observed in the field. It was calculated that the pH in the wellbore is low and mainly determined by the partial pressure of CO2, while the pH in the reservoir is higher because of the presence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Therefore, it was possible to determine that dissolved iron is highly unlikely to be present in the formation fluids, thus leading to the conclusion that the source of iron from which FeS deposition occurs must be the result of sour corrosion. In addition, the resulting likely profiles of FeS deposition were predicted.
Chemical Characterization of Cotton Plant Parts for Multiple Uses
Authors: He Zhongqi , Zhang Hailin , Tewolde Haile , Shankle Mark
Published: January 2017

Core Ideas

Cotton plant parts can be used for multiple purposes depending on their compositions.

Cotton stems with less ash are better suited for lignocellulosic feedstock of bioenergy and bio‐products.

Feed quality characteristics of cottonseed are comparable to those of forage crops.

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important crop in the southern and southeastern parts of the United States, but cotton plant biomass residues are underutilized because the high‐value lint receives the most attention. In this study, whole cotton plants were collected at midseason and just before harvest and were chemically characterized to explore multiple uses. The plant samples were separated into six (midseason) or eight (pre‐defoliation for harvest) biomass fractions. We determined the macro‐ and trace elements, protein, fiber, and lignin contents in the biomass materials. Growth stages affected the relative contents of some, but not all, of the measured parameters. Correlation coefficient analysis of the measured data revealed that some of the parameters were well related to each other, whereas some were quite independent. The information reported in this work will be helpful in exploring and optimizing management practices and processing strategies for best utilization of these types of cotton crop biomass materials as renewable natural resources.
A Web-Disseminated Self-Help and Peer Support Program Could Fill Gaps in Mental Health Care: Lessons From a Consumer Survey
Authors: Bernecker Samantha L , Banschback Kaitlin , Santorelli Gennarina D , Constantino Michael J
Published: January 2017

Background

Self-guided mental health interventions that are disseminated via the Web have the potential to circumvent barriers to treatment and improve public mental health. However, self-guided interventions often fail to attract consumers and suffer from user nonadherence. Uptake of novel interventions could be improved by consulting consumers from the beginning of the development process in order to assess their interest and their preferences. Interventions can then be tailored using this feedback to optimize appeal.

Objective

The aim of our study was to determine the level of public interest in a new mental health intervention that incorporates elements of self-help and peer counseling and that is disseminated via a Web-based training course; to identify predictors of interest in the program; and to identify consumer preferences for features of Web-based courses and peer support programs.

Methods

We surveyed consumers via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to estimate interest in the self-help and peer support program. We assessed associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and interest in the program, and we obtained feedback on desired features of the program.

Results

Overall, 63.9% (378/592) of respondents said that they would try the program; interest was lower but still substantial among those who were not willing or able to access traditional mental health services. Female gender, lower income, and openness to using psychotherapy were the most consistent predictors of interest in the program. The majority of respondents, although not all, preferred romantic partners or close friends as peer counselors and would be most likely to access the program if the training course were accessed on a stand-alone website. In general, respondents valued training in active listening skills.

Conclusions

In light of the apparent public interest in this program, Web-disseminated self-help and peer support interventions have enormous potential to fill gaps in mental health care. The results of this survey can be used to inform the design of such interventions.
Purwarupa Sistem Penggabungan Foto Udara Pada UAV Menggunakan Algoritma Surf (Speeded-Up Robust Features)
Authors: Dewanti Farida , Sumiharto Raden
Published: January 2017

Abstrak            Purwarupa penggabungan foto udara pada UAV menggunakan algoritma SURF merupakan suatu sistem yang dirancang untuk melakukan penggabungan citra. Citra tersebut adalah citra yang dihasilkan fixed-wings UAV. Keluaran dari sistem ini berupa tampilan citra dengan objek yang lebih luas.             Sistem ini dirancang untuk dapat melakukan penggabungan foto udara dengan menggunakan algoritma SURF, FLANN, RANSAC, dan warpPerspective. Algoritma SURF digunakan sebagai detektor keypoint dari masing-masing input foto. Metode FLANN untuk melakukan pencocokan keypoint yang ditemukan. RANSAC digunakan untuk pencarian matrix homography. Metode warpPerspective digunakan untuk penggabungan kedua input yang memiliki kecocokan keypoint.            Pengujian terdiri dari beberapa jenis variasi antara lain variasi minimal perpotongan, variasi skala dan variasi rotasi. Variasi minimal perpotongan yang menghasilkan nilai minimal perpotongan sebesar 15% dan jumlah minimal keypoint berkesesuaian antar kedua citra yang dapat digabungkan adalah 5. Variasi rotasi untuk berapapun perbedaan sudut antara kedua citra tetap dapat digabungkan. Variasi skala minimal citra yang dapat digabungkan adalah skala citra yang diperkecil hingga 75% dari ukuran citra aslinya, dan skala citra yang diperbesar hingga 600% dari ukuran aslinya untuk maksimal variasi perbesaran skala. Kata kunci—Foto udara, Penggabungan gambar, SURF, FLANN, RANSAC AbstractPrototype of stitching aerial photograph  UAV using SURF algorithm is a system that is designed to stitch the image. The image is generated imagery UAV fixed-wings. The output of this system is a display image with a wider object.             This system is designed to be able to merge aerial images by using SURF algorithm, Flann, RANSAC, and warpPerspective. SURF algorithm is used as a keypoint detector from each of the input images. Flann method to perform keypoint matching is found. RANSAC homography matrix used for the search. WarpPerspective method used for merging the two inputs that have a match keypoint.             The test consists of several types of variations such as the intersection of the minimal variation, variation in scale and rotation variations. Variation that produces intersection minimum value of 15% and a minimum number of keypoint accords between the two images can be combined is 5. Variation of rotation to any angle difference between the two images can still be combined. Minimum scale variations which can be combined image is the image scale is reduced to 75% of the size of the original image, and the image scale is enlarged to 600% of its original size to a maximum variation of magnification scale. Keywords—Aerial Photograph, Stitching Images, SURF, FLANN, RANSAC
Sistem Pengukur Kecepatan Kendaraan Berbasis Pengolahan Video
Authors: Sadewo Satrio Sani , Sumiharto Raden , Candradewi Ika
Published: January 2017

AbstrakSistem pengukur kecepatan kendaraan berbasis pengolahan video ini merupakan salah satu sistem yang memanfaatkan sistem pengolahan citra digital sebagai pendeteksi kendaraan dan mengukur kecepatannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam sistem ini adalah background subtraction dengan algoritma Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). Background subtraction akan memisahkan antara background dengan objek yang dideteksi, yaitu kendaraan. Koordinat titik tengah objek dijadikan sebagai nilai perpindahan objek dalam satuan piksel. Jarak sesungguhnya diukur dalam satuan meter. Jarak pada citra dibatasi dengan region of interest (ROI) sebesar 160 piksel. Setelah diperoleh waktu perpindahan tiap pikselnya maka nilai piksel/detik dikonversikan menjadi km/jam.Uji coba sistem dilakukan pada validasi kecepatan, pengukuran kecepatan, dan pengaruh intensitas cahaya. Proses validasi kecepatan menggunakan nilai kecepatan rata-rata 3 frame awal sebagai acuan untuk pengukuran kecepatan di frame berikutnya. Akurasi nilai kecepatan rata-rata 3 frame awal ini memberikan  persentase eror 1,92 % - 15,75 % sedangkan ketika validasi tersebut dilakukan pada pembacaan keseluruhan frame video menghasilkan rentang eror 1,21 % - 21,37 %. Sistem bekerja dengan baik pada kondisi pagi, siang, dan sore hari dengan rentang intensitas cahaya 600-1900 lux,  sedangkan pada malam hari dengan rentang intensitas cahaya 0-5 lux, sistem tidak bisa bekerja dengan baik. Kata kunci— pengolahan video, pengukuran kecepatan, background subtraction, gaussian mixture model, region of interest  AbstractThis system is implemented by digital image processing to detect the objects and measure the speed. This system using background subtraction method with Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) algorithm. Background subtraction will separate background and detected objects. Coordinates of the objects midpoint used as the the object moving value in pixel. The actual distance also measured in meters where the distance is limited by region of interest (ROI). The ROI is 160 pixel. Having obtained the moving objects time from previous frame to current frame so the value of pixel/s can converted to km/h.System testing the measurement validation, calculate the speed after being validated, and the influence of light intensity. The speed validation process uses average speed of early three frames speed as the reference for the speed measurement in the next frame. The average speed accuracy of 3 frames early gives a percentage error about 1,92% - 15,75%. When validation is performed on the entire reading frame of video, it produces an error range 1,21% - 21,37%. The system works well in the morning, afternoon, and evening conditions with light intensity about 600-1900 lux. While at night with 0-5 lux light intensity range, the system can’t work properly. Keywords— video processing, speed measurement, background subtraction, gaussian mixture model, region of interest
Penerapan Sistem Kendali PID pada Antena Pendeteksi Koordinat Posisi UAV
Authors: Nugraha Mahendra Budi , Sumiharto Raden
Published: January 2017

AbstrakPada penelitian ini telah diterapkan sebuah sistem kendali Proporsional-Integral-Derivatif (PID) pada antena pendeteksi koordinat posisi pesawat udara tanpa awak. Sistem kendali PID pada antena pendeteksi digunakan pada kendali gerak horizontal dan vertikal. Nilai acuan kendali PID untuk gerak horizontal adalah sudut azimuth antara antena dan UAV. Sudut tersebut didapatkan dari metode azimuth antara dua buah titik koordinat. Nilai acuan kendali PID untuk gerak vertikal adalah sudut elevasi yang didapat dari metode Haversine Formula dan Sinus Trigonemetri antara jarak dua titik koordinat terhadap ketinggian UAV. Metode tuning PID yang digunakan untuk memperoleh konstanta pengendali PID adalah metode Ziegler-Nichols dengan metode osilasi dan tabel penalaran sistem kendali Ziegler-Nichols.Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini berupa penerapan sistem kendali PID berdasarkan metode Ziegler-Nichols. Sistem kendali berdasarkan tabel penalaran Ziegler-Nichols divariasikan tiga jenis sistem kendali yaitu P, PI, dan PID. Sistem kendali PD juga diterapkan berdasarkan tabel penalaran Ziegler-Nichols dengan  pengendali integral diatur bernilai 0. Sistem kendali yang memiliki respon paling baik adalah sistem kendali PD dengan nilai Kp = 11,375 dan Kd = 0,372531 untuk kendali azimuth sedangkan kendali elevasi pada nilai Kp = 3,41 dan Kd = 0,111464. Respon yang dihasilkan kendali azimuth sebesar 0,32 detik dan kendali elevasi sebesar 0,34 detik. Kata kunci—PID, Antena Pendeteksi, Servo, UAV  Abstract In this project has been implemented a PID control system on antenna tracker of unmanned aerial vehicle coordinates. PID control system on antena tracker to be used on horizontal and vertikal motion control. The setpoint of PID controller for horizontal motion is azimuth’s angle between antenna and UAV. The angle produced by azimuth’s method between two coordinates. The setpoint of PID controller for vertical motion is elevasi’s angle that produced by haversine-formula’s method and Sinus Trigonometry between distance two coordinates toward altitude of UAV. Tuning of PID controller was calculated by Ziegler-Nichols’s method with oscillation’s method and reasoning table of Ziegler-Nichols.The result from this project is implementation PID control system with Ziegler-Nichols’s method. There ara 3 variations in Ziegler-Nichols’s table, that are P, PI, and PID control system. The PD control system also implemented with integral’s control set on 0. The control system that has a good response is PD control system with Kp = 11,375 and Kd = 0,372531 on azimuth’s control whereas elevasi’s control with Kp = 3,41 and Kd = 0,111464. Response that produced by azimuth’s control is 0,32 second and elevasi’s control is 0,34 second. Keywords—PID, Antenna Tracker, Servo, UAV
Democracia no fio da navalha: limites e possibilidades para a implementação de uma agenda de Reforma Urbana no Brasil
Authors: Rolnik Raquel
Published: January 2017

Os anos 1990 representaram no Brasil avanços institucionais no campo do Direito à Moradia e à Cidade, com a incorporação à Constituição do país, em 1988, dos princípios da função social da cidade e da propriedade, do reconhecimento dos direitos de posse dos moradores dos assentamentos urbanos informais e da participação direta dos cidadãos nos processos decisórios sobre a política urbana. Estas proposições constituem os pilares da agendada Reforma Urbana, que, a partir da criação do Ministério das Cidades no governo Lula, penetra no âmbito do Executivo federal. O artigo avalia os limites e possibilidades de implementação desta agenda através da trajetória de duas políticas propostas pelo Ministério – o Conselho Nacional das Cidades e a campanha pelos Planos Diretores Participativos – centrando a análise na organização do Estado na área do desenvolvimento urbano em sua relação como sistema político e as características da democracia brasileira. Palavras-chave: planejamento participativo; política urbana; democracia. Abstract: In Brazil the nineties represented years of institutional achievements in the field of housing and urban rights, since the 1988 Constitution, which included the principles of social function of cities and properties, the recognition of tenure rights for slum dwellers and the direct participation of citizens in the decision making process of urban policies. Those propositions have been the pillars of the Urban Reform agenda, which had penetrated into the national governments scope since the creation of the Ministry of Cities, under Lula’s administration. This article evaluates the limits and possibilities for the implementation of this agenda through the analysis of two policies proposed by the Ministry: the National Council of the Cities and the Campaign for Participatory Master Plans. The approach is centered in the organization of Brazilian State in the sector of urban development, in its relationship with the political system and the features of the country’s democracy. Keywords: participatory planning; urban policy; democracy.
Managing Ethics in Research Projects
Authors: Richards James , Wimalasena Lakshman , MacLean Gavin
Published: January 2017

The ethical dimension research is the one of the major topics that should be addressed before beginning any empirical work. In practice, what this means is that any research project, which is likely to involve distributing questionnaires, conducting interviews or conducting focus groups, brings with it various dilemmas in terms of moral conduct towards the people you are expecting to fill in questionnaires, be interviewed or take part in focus groups. Such dilemmas will be dependent on the design of your particular study. However, typical ethical dilemmas in relation to business management research include: the manner in which you intend to recruit people to your study, the extent to you will inform participants of what you research is about, dealing with research participants who may be concerned about how they are portrayed in your final dissertation. There are some simple steps which can help ensure that your research embodies the kinds of ethical principles that many institutions require, and we will use a range of real life ethical dilemmas to help you as you formulate your own research. The chapter concludes with checklist questions to consider.
Logistics and the Supply Chain
Authors: Rutherford Christine , Konig Christian
Published: January 2017

Critical to the success of any business is a supply chain capable of serving the end customer more effectively and more efficiently than the competition. Central to this premise is an understanding that in today’s global marketplace it is supply chains that compete, not individual firms. We explore the central role of logistics and the supply chain in gaining competitive advantage in a volatile global market by first defining the key principles of a market-responsive supply chain. Second, we discuss different supply chain strategies to improve the match between supply and demand, before dedicating two sections to the important subjects of logistics outsourcing and global sourcing. But first we begin by defining the supply chain, logistics and supply chain management.
Designing of nanosized bioflavonoids using biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles by Plackett Burman method
Authors: Loganathan Nandhakumar , Sellappan Mohan
Published: January 2017

In this present study, dual loaded flavono nanoparticulate systems have been developed for oral delivery of Naringin and Hesperidin to enhance its antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The fabrication of Dual Loaded Flavono Nanoparticles by suitable method was optimized by Plackett Burman method. Optimization of the formulation requires proper designing of the experiments. For this reason, only in our current study, the placket burman method has been projected for the formulation of nanoparticles biodegradable polymers encompass bioflavonoid isolates for the antidiabetic activity. Ten critical parameters influencing the formulation has been selected and designed in Plackett Burman method of experimentation for 12 runs to assess independent variables influencing the result outcome. The results revealed that the 9th run shows the optimum particle size of 126.1 nm with zeta potential of 29.9 mV. Remarkably significant nanoparticles were obtained by exploiting the Plackett Burman method as designing tool.Loganathan and Sellappan, International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, January 2017, 6(2): 9-15http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol6Issue2/01.pdf
Piecewise Function Hysteretic Model for Cold-Formed Steel Shear Walls with Reinforced End Studs
Authors: Ye Jihong , Wang Xingxing
Published: January 2017

Cold-formed steel (CFS) shear walls with concrete-filled rectangular steel tube (CFRST) columns as end studs can upgrade the performance of mid-rise CFS structures, such as the vertical bearing capacity, anti-overturning ability, shear strength, and fire resistance properties, thereby enhancing the safety of structures. A theoretical hysteretic model is established according to a previous experimental study. This model is described in a simple mathematical form and takes nonlinearity, pinching, strength, and stiffness deterioration into consideration. It was established in two steps: (1) a discrete coordinate method was proposed to determine the load-displacement skeleton curve of the wall, by which governing deformations and their corresponding loads of the hysteretic loops under different loading cases can be obtained; afterwards; (2) a piecewise function was adopted to capture the hysteretic loop relative to each governing deformation, the hysteretic model of the wall was further established, and additional criteria for the dominant parameters of the model were stated. Finally, the hysteretic model was validated by experimental results from other studies. The results show that elastic lateral stiffness Ke and shear capacity Fp are key factors determining the load-displacement skeleton curve of the wall; hysteretic characteristics of the wall with reinforced end studs can be fully reflected by piecewise function hysteretic model, moreover, the model has intuitional expressions with clear physical interpretations for each parameter, paving the way for predicting the nonlinear dynamic responses of mid-rise CFS structures.
Influence of Temperature on Vibrational Frequency of Graphene Sheet Used as Nano-Scale Sensing
Authors: Natsuki Toshiaki , Yiwada Atsushi , Natsuki Jun
Published: January 2017

In this study, the vibrational properties of single- and double-layer graphene sheets (GSs) with attached nanoparticles are analyzed based on the nonlocal elasticity theory. The potential applications of atomic-scale mass sensing are presented using GSs with simply supported boundary condition. The frequency equation for GSs with an attached nanoparticle is derived to investigate the vibration frequency of the GSs under thermal environment. Using the proposed model, the relationship between the frequency shifts of graphene-based mass sensor and the attached nanoparticles is obtained. The nonlocal effect and the temperature dependence on the variation of frequency shifts with the attached nanomass and the positions on the GS are investigated and discussed in detail. The obtained results show that the nanomass can be easily detected by using GS resonator which provides a highly sensitive nanomechanical element in sensor systems. The vibrational frequency shift of GS increases with increasing the temperature dependence. The double-layer GSs (DLGSs) have higher sensitivity than the single-layer GSs (SLGSs) due to high frequency shifts.
Investigation of the Corrosion Behavior of Electroless Ni-P Coating in Flue Gas Condensate
Authors: Yang Hejie , Gao Yimin , Qin Weichao
Published: January 2017

The corrosion behavior of Ni-P coating deposited on 3003 aluminum alloy in flue gas condensate was investigated by electrochemical approaches. The results indicated that nitrite acted as a corrosion inhibitor. The inhibiting effect of nitrite was reduced in solutions containing sulfate or nitrate. Chloride and sulfate accelerated the corrosion of Ni-P coatings greatly. This can provide important information for the researchers to develop special Ni-P coatings with high corrosion resistance in the flue gas condensate.
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Ion Flux through Membrane Channels
Authors: Hsieh Chi-Pan
Published: January 2017

Ion flux through membrane channels is passively driven by the electrochemical potential differences across the cell membrane. Nonequilibrium thermodynamics has been successful in explaining transport mechanisms, including the ion transport phenomenon. However, physiologists may not be familiar with biophysical concepts based on the view of entropy production. In this paper, I have reviewed the physical meanings and connections between nonequilibrium thermodynamics and the expressions commonly used in describing ion fluxes in membrane physiology. The fluctuation theorem can be applied to interpret the flux ratio in the small molecular systems. The multi-ion single-file feature of the ion channel facilitates the utilization of the natural tendency of electrochemical driving force to couple specific biophysical processes and biochemical reactions on the membrane.
Characterization and Analysis of Energy Demand Patterns in Airports
Authors: Ortega Alba Sergio , Manana Mario
Published: January 2017

Airports in general have high-energy consumption. Influenced by many factors, the characteristics of airport energy consumption are stochastic, nonlinear and dynamic. In recent years, airport managers have made huge efforts to harmonize airport operation with environmental sustainability by minimizing the environmental impact, with energy conservation and energy efficiency as one of their pillars. A key factor in order to reduce energy consumption at airports is to understand the energy use and consumption behavior, due to the multiple parameters and singularities that are involved. In this article, a 3-step methodology based on monitoring methods is proposed to characterize and analyze energy demand patterns in airports through their electric load profiles, and is applied to the Seve Ballesteros-Santander Airport (Santander, Spain). This methodology can be also used in airports in order to determine the way energy is used, to establish the classification of the electrical charges based on their operation way as well as to determine the main energy consumers and main external influencers. Results show that airport present a daily energy demand pattern since electric load profiles follow a similar curve shape for every day of the year, having a great dependence of the terminal building behavior, the main energy consumer of the airport, and with heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) and lighting being the most energy-intensive facilities, and outside temperature and daylighting the main external influencers.
Optimal Expansion Co-Planning of Reconfigurable Electricity and Natural Gas Distribution Systems Incorporating Energy Hubs
Authors: Zhou Xianzheng , Guo Chuangxin , Wang Yifei , Li Wanqi
Published: January 2017

In a carbon-constrained world, natural gas with low emission intensity plays an important role in the energy consumption area. Energy consumers and distribution networks are linked via energy hubs. Meanwhile, reconfiguration that optimizes operational performance while maintaining a radial network topology is a worldwide technique in the electricity distribution system. To improve the overall efficiency of energy infrastructure, the expansion of electricity distribution lines and elements within energy hubs should be co-planned. In this paper, the co-planning process is modeled as a mixed integer quadratic programming problem to handle conflicting objectives simultaneously. We propose a novel model to identify the optimal co-expansion plan in terms of total cost. Operational factors including energy storages and reconfiguration are considered within the systems to serve electricity, cooling and heating loads. Reconfiguration and elements in energy hubs can avoid or defer new elements’ installation to minimize the investment cost, maintenance cost, operation cost, and interruption cost in the planning horizon. The proposed co-planning approach is verified on 3 and 12-node electricity and natural gas distribution systems coupled via energy hubs. Numerical results show the ability of our proposed expansion co-planning approach based on energy hub in meeting energy demand.
Burkholderia cepacia Complex Regulation of Virulence Gene Expression: A Review
Authors: Sousa Sílvia , Feliciano Joana , Pita Tiago , Guerreiro Soraia , Leitão Jorge
Published: January 2017

Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) bacteria emerged as opportunistic pathogens in cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised patients. Their eradication is very difficult due to the high level of intrinsic resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics. Bcc bacteria have large and complex genomes, composed of two to four replicons, with variable numbers of insertion sequences. The complexity of Bcc genomes confers a high genomic plasticity to these bacteria, allowing their adaptation and survival to diverse habitats, including the human host. In this work, we review results from recent studies using omics approaches to elucidate in vivo adaptive strategies and virulence gene regulation expression of Bcc bacteria when infecting the human host or subject to conditions mimicking the stressful environment of the cystic fibrosis lung.
Neuroprotective Strategy in Retinal Degeneration: Suppressing ER Stress-Induced Cell Death via Inhibition of the mTOR Signal
Authors: Fan Bin , Sun Ying-Jian , Liu Shu-Yan , Che Lin , Li Guang-Yu
Published: January 2017

The retina is a specialized sensory organ, which is essential for light detection and visual formation in the human eye. Inherited retinal degenerations are a heterogeneous group of eye diseases that can eventually cause permanent vision loss. UPR (unfolded protein response) and ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress plays an important role in the pathological mechanism of retinal degenerative diseases. mTOR (the mammalian target of rapamycin) kinase, as a signaling hub, controls many cellular processes, covering protein synthesis, RNA translation, ER stress, and apoptosis. Here, the hypothesis that inhibition of mTOR signaling suppresses ER stress-induced cell death in retinal degenerative disorders is discussed. This review surveys knowledge of the influence of mTOR signaling on ER stress arising from misfolded proteins and genetic mutations in retinal degenerative diseases and highlights potential neuroprotective strategies for treatment and therapeutic implications.
The Politics of Land Use in the Korup National Park
Authors: Siewe Siewe , Vadjunec Jacqueline , Caniglia Beth
Published: January 2017

Recently, the call to combine land change science (LCS) and political ecology (PE) in the study of human-environment interactions has been widely discussed by scientists from both subfields of geography. In this paper, we use a hybrid ecology framework to examine the effects of conservation policies on the environment and the livelihood of the people of the Korup National Park (KNP). Using techniques in both PE and LCS, our results show that conservation policies, politics, and population are the primary drivers of environmental change in the KNP. We conclude by arguing that a deeper understanding can be garnered by combining LCS and PE approaches to analyze and contribute to the people and parks debate.
Investigation of γ-(2,3-Epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxy Silane Surface Modified Layered Double Hydroxides Improving UV Ageing Resistance of Asphalt
Authors: Zhang Canlin , Yu Jianying , Xue Lihui , Sun Yubin
Published: January 2017

γ-(2,3-Epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxy silane surface modified layered double hydroxides (KH560-LDHs) were prepared and used to improve the ultraviolet ageing resistance of asphalt. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) indicated that KH560 has been successfully grafted onto the surface of LDHs. The agglomeration of LDHs particles notably reduced after KH560 surface modification according to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which implied that the KH560 surface modification was helpful to promote the dispersibility of LDHs in asphalt. Then, the influence of KH560-LDHs and LDHs on the physical and rheological properties of asphalt before and after UV ageing was thoroughly investigated. The storage stability test showed that the difference in softening point (ΔS) of LDHs modified asphalt decreased from 0.6 °C to 0.2 °C at an LDHs content of 1% after KH560 surface modification, and the tendency became more pronounced with the increase of LDH content, indicating that KH560 surface modification could improve the stability of LDHs in asphalt. After UV ageing, the viscous modulus (G’’) of asphalt significantly reduced, and correspondingly, the elastic modulus (G’) and rutting factor (G*/sin δ) rapidly increased. Moreover, the asphaltene increased and the amount of “bee-like” structures of the asphalt decreased. Compared with LDHs, KH560-LDHs obviously restrained performance deterioration of the asphalt, and helped to relieve the variation of the chemical compositions and morphology of asphalt, which suggested that the improvement of KH560-LDHs on UV ageing resistance of asphalt was superior to LDHs.
Molecular Characterization of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels and Their Relations with Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Bioaccumulation in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas
Authors: Boullot Floriane , Castrec Justine , Bidault Adeline , Dantas Natanael , Payton Laura , Perrigault Mickael , Tran Damien , Amzil Zouher , Boudry Pierre , Soudant Philippe , Hégaret Hélène , Fabioux Caroline
Published: January 2017

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) bind to voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) and block conduction of action potential in excitable cells. This study aimed to (i) characterize Nav sequences in Crassostrea gigas and (ii) investigate a putative relation between Nav and PST-bioaccumulation in oysters. The phylogenetic analysis highlighted two types of Nav in C. gigas: a Nav1 (CgNav1) and a Nav2 (CgNav2) with sequence properties of sodium-selective and sodium/calcium-selective channels, respectively. Three alternative splice transcripts of CgNav1 named A, B and C, were characterized. The expression of CgNav1, analyzed by in situ hybridization, is specific to nervous cells and to structures corresponding to neuromuscular junctions. Real-time PCR analyses showed a strong expression of CgNav1A in the striated muscle while CgNav1B is mainly expressed in visceral ganglia. CgNav1C expression is ubiquitous. The PST binding site (domain II) of CgNav1 variants possess an amino acid Q that could potentially confer a partial saxitoxin (STX)-resistance to the channel. The CgNav1 genotype or alternative splicing would not be the key point determining PST bioaccumulation level in oysters.