bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiorespiratory and haematologicalparameters of healthy french bulldogs
Authors: dos  Santos  Rosa Vinícius , Caroline  da  Silva  Santos Thais , Franco  Nascimento Felipe , Victor  Goulart Consoni  Passareli João , Lizandra  Ricci Claudia , Rodrigues  Dale  Vedove  Moreno Luíza , Franco  Andrade Talita , Batista Brinholi Victorino da Silva Rejane , Laposy Santarém Cecília , Franco Andrade Silvia
Published: May 2021

Brachycephalic dogs have a normal lower jaw and a receded upper jaw, and these dogs are predisposed to nostril stenosis, elongated palate, tracheal hypoplasia and hyperthermia due to heat stress. Giventhese characteristics, these dogs are more predisposed to respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. The popularity of brachycephalic dogsthathave a greatertendency for cardiorespiratory disorders, such as French bulldogs,has increased recently; however, studies on the cardiorespiratoryand haematological parameters in this breedare lacking. Thus, the present study sought to evaluatethe cardiorespiratory and haematological parameters of healthy French bulldogs to standardize normal values forthisbreed. Thirty-six French bulldogs wereused without predilection for age or sex, and the following parameters were evaluated: temperature (T), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), erythrogram, leukogram, total plasma protein, plasmatic fibrinogen, blood platelet count, urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The mean and standard deviation wereas follows: T°C (38.3±0.4), HR (111.1±27.0) beats per minute, RR (54.8±32.5) breaths per minute, erythrocyte count (7.3±1.2x106), haemoglobin (16.9±2.8 g/dL), haematocrit (48.9±7.7%), MCV (67.6±2.4fL), MCH (23.3±0.7 pg), MCHC (34.6±0.8%), RDW-CV (9.3±0.9; 9.2-12.0%), total leukocytes (11009.7±2907.3/mm3), band neutrophils (250.0±260.4/mm3), segmented neutrophils (7094.4±2307.3/mm3), eosinophils (589.7±561.3/mm3), lymphocytes (2020.8±1457.5/mm3), monocytes (987.6±528.4/mm3), total plasma protein (6.9±0.5 g/dL), plasmatic fibrinogen (274.1±96.5 mg/dL), blood platelet count (366.4±88.5/mm3), urea (35.2±12.6 mg/dL), creatinine (0.8±0.2/mg/dL), AP (49.1±25.8U/L),ALT (36.2±12.3U/L). The haematological parameters and heart rate were within the normal values for the species, but the respiratory rate values (54.8±32.5 breaths per minute)were greater than the normal averageof10 to 30 breaths per minute. We conclude thatthehaematological parameters and heart rateof healthy French bulldogs arewithin the normal limit for dogs; however, the respiratory rate is above referencevalues, reinforcing the notion that dogs of this breed, although healthy,exhibitan increasedrisk of respiratory disorders
Staying Hydrated
Authors: Naas Michael ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2021

Water, hydōr: it is the first word of ancient Greek philosophy, the word used by Thales, the first philosopher, to describe the material principle subtending all things. By the time of Plato, philosophers were proposing other kinds of non-material principles to explain diverse phenomena, principles like soul, mind, or ideas. But Plato would continue to be interested in—even fascinated by—water, water in every imaginable form, at once pure and impure, transparent and troubled, drinkable and undrinkable, flowing and still, fresh and salt, shallow and deep. In this paper, I look at Plato’s fascination with and fundamental ambivalence toward water, his understanding of water as both a political question (in his depiction of the island of Atlantis and the city of Athens) and a philosophical problem (in the myth of the cave and the divided line in the Republic and the myth of the earth in the Phaedo). I suggest by the end of the paper, using the work of Jacques Derrida in “Plato’s Pharmacy” to guide my argument, that, for Plato, water was at once the greatest danger for philosophy and its most powerful resource.
Trading Places and Parasites
Authors: Tanner Sonja ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2021

The Protagoras exhibits several traits of metatheatrical comedy. Through the use of role-playing and intertextual reference, I argue that the Protagoras exhibits metatheatrical comedy which Socrates uses to expose the pretension at the heart of philosophical dialogue itself. In this way, Socrates pulls back the curtain of philosophical dialogue to expose the theatricality of such dialogue and, in doing so, offers the audience a unique opportunity to laugh at ourselves.
And It Was Good: Building an Ethics of Sufficiency
Authors: Blosser Joe ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2021

To follow Jesus’s command to love our neighbors in our neoliberal age, Christians must cultivate new theological and economic stories that urge practices of sufficiency—ways of living with “enough.” The neoliberal version of the United States’s origin story of the American Dream, built on individual responsibility and meritocracy, knows no end to monetary accumulation. And the ways neoliberal rationality colors the Christian creation story can reinforce the drive toward endless accumulation. There are ways of living and practicing Christian stories, however, that can cultivate the kind of communities that form people to know how to say “enough.” This article argues that there is no genuine community, service to others, or love of neighbor if Christians cannot live out of these new stories that cultivate an ethics of sufficiency. Economically privileged Christians cannot love our lower-income neighbors if we continue to participate in a rationality that encourages limitless economic acquisition.
Pre-existing conditions in Latin America and factors associated with adverse outcomes of COVID-19: A review
Authors: Balboa-Castillo Teresa , Andrade-Mayorga Omar , Marzuca-Nassr Gabriel Nasri , Morales Illanes Gladys , Ortiz Manuel , Schiferlli Ingrid , Aguilar-Farias Nicolas , Soto Álvaro , Sapunar Jorge
Published: May 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly throughout the world. Latin American and the Caribbean countries have been harshly affected by the pandemic mainly due to less prepared healthcare systems and fragmented social safety nets. In the region, health status population-based indicators are worse than compared to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Recent evidence suggests that the progression and severity of COVID-19 are associated with the prior health status of individuals, and studies have shown that the case fatality rate is highly stratified among different populations. This narrative review aims to describe factors associated with adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in the context of social determinants of health in Latin American and Caribbean countries. In this review, we state that genetic and biological factors interact in a sophisticated way with social determinants of health, impacting the rapid spread of COVID-19 in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Behavioral factors, such as physical inactivity, smoking, and unhealthy diets, are related to chronic systemic inflammation. Also, air pollution can prolong inflammation and the hyper-activation of the immune system. Air pollutants could facilitate the spread of the virus. Finally, frailty and comorbidities can be associated with COVID-19 severity through increasing vulnerability to stressors and leading to more severe symptoms of COVID-19 disease, including a higher mortality risk. All these factors contribute to increasing the impact of COVID-19 in Latin American and Caribbean countries. We highlight the relevance of considering social determinants of health in Latin American and the Caribbean countries, not only in controlling the likelihood of getting the disease but also its progression and severity. All these social determinants can guide the design and implementation of tailored interventions promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors, which should lower the spread of the disease, its severity, and lethality.
La Ley General de Educación de 1970, ¿Una Ley para la modernización de España?
Authors: Fernández Soria Juan Manuel , Sevilla Merino Diego
Published: May 2021

The article aims to examine aspects that help to better understand the General Education Act of 1970 by analyzing the factors that made it a Law for the modernization of Spain. The defining feature of the Law was the ambition with which it sought to modernize the educational system; hence, we focus on the concept of «modernization» as well as its precedents and the modernizing axes contained in the Law. We also look at the socio-economic and political context that help to explain its creation. Given the law’s importance, the article pays special attention to the obstacles and resistance that made its genesis and application so difficult, as well as the controversies that have arisen from the reform it promoted. Finally, by way of discussion, an assessment of the law is made taking into account the aspects that make up the concept of “modernization”.
La Ley General de Educación (LGE) y la reforma de 1970. Una visión personal desde la administración educativa periférica
Authors: Viñao Frago Antonio
Published: May 2021

Memories of the General Education Act of 1970
John Dewey’s Critical Anticipations of Personality Psychology
Authors: Piekkola Brad
Published: May 2021

A brief introduction to the developmental history of personality psychology is given. Two trends, the clinical, holistic approach and the experimental, elemental approach, lay the foundation for issues that would confront the field into the present. While the accepted mandate has been the study of the whole person, the experimental paradigm has been hegemonic. Emphasis has been placed on knowledge of individual differences across variety of abstract constructs. The person and the situation, two central concepts, have been decreed independent, alternative, competing factors in accounting for individual conduct. John Dewey’s psychology, based on organicism and person environment mutualism, is presented as challenging basic assumptions and theories of personality psychology. For Dewey, personality is a product of individuals being incorporated into the sociocultural milieu that is their life context, and from which they cannot be disengaged. Kritische Psychologie is discussed as sympathetic to some of Dewey’s propositions.
SIRT1 regulates sphingolipid metabolism and neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells through c-Myc-SMPDL3B
Authors: Fan Wei , Tang Shuang , Fan Xiaojuan , Fang Yi , Xu Xiaojiang , Li Leping , Xu Jian , Li Jian-Liang , Wang Zefeng , Li Xiaoling
Published: May 2021

Sphingolipids are important structural components of cell membranes and prominent signaling molecules controlling cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Sphingolipids are particularly abundant in the brain, and defects in sphingolipid degradation are associated with several human neurodegenerative diseases. However, molecular mechanisms governing sphingolipid metabolism remain unclear. Here, we report that sphingolipid degradation is under transcriptional control of SIRT1, a highly conserved mammalian NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase, in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Deletion of SIRT1 results in accumulation of sphingomyelin in mESCs, primarily due to reduction of SMPDL3B, a GPI-anchored plasma membrane bound sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase. Mechanistically, SIRT1 regulates transcription of Smpdl3b through c-Myc. Functionally, SIRT1 deficiency-induced accumulation of sphingomyelin increases membrane fluidity and impairs neural differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Our findings discover a key regulatory mechanism for sphingolipid homeostasis and neural differentiation, further imply that pharmacological manipulation of SIRT1-mediated sphingomyelin degradation might be beneficial for treatment of human neurological diseases.
Braconwasps for ecological pest control–a laboratory experiment
Authors: Lettmann Jessica , Mody Karsten , Kursch-Metz Tore-Aliocha , Blüthgen Nico , Wehner Katja
Published: May 2021

Biological control of pest insects by natural enemies may be an effective, cheap and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides. The cosmopolitan parasitoid wasp speciesBracon brevicornisWesmael andB. hebetorSay (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) use lepidopteran species as hosts, including insect pests likeEphestia kuehniellaorOstrinia nubilalis. Here, we compare the reproductive success of bothBraconspecies onE. kuehniellain a laboratory experiment. We asked (1) how the reproductive success on a single host larva changes with temperature, (2) how it changes with temperature when more host larvae are present and (3) how temperature and availability of host larvae influence the efficacy ofBraconspecies as biological control agents. In general, differences betweenB. brevicornisandB. hebetorhave been small. For rearing bothBraconspecies in the laboratory on one host larva, a temperature between 20–27 °C seems appropriate to obtain the highest number of offspring with a female-biased sex ratio. Rearing the braconid wasps on more than one host larva revealed a higher number of total offspring but less offspring per host larva on average. Again, highest numbers of offspring hatched at 27 °C and the sex ratio was independent from temperature. Although no parasitoids hatched at 12 °C and only few at 36 °C, host larvae were still paralyzed. The efficacy ofB. brevicorniswas higher than 80% at all numbers of host larvae presented at all temperatures while the efficacy ofB. hebetorwas less than 80% at 12 °C and 27 °C at low numbers of host larvae presented. In conclusion, practitioners can use eitherB. brevicornisorB. hebetorat low and high temperatures and at varying host densities to achieve high pest control efficacy.
The Effect of Cardiometry Guided Fluid Management on Outcome of Patients Presented for Intracranial Surgeries: Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: El-Sheikh Amgd Shaaban , Ismael Sameh Abdelkhalik , El-Shmaa Nagat Sayed , Soliman Soheir Mostafa
Published: May 2021

Background: Fluid management in neurosurgical patients is critical and important during the perioperative period. Electrical cardiometry (EC) is a new noninvasive technique for measuring cardiac output (COP). EC works based on the application of a high frequency transthoracic current and the analysis of variations of voltage in each heartbeat. The aim of this work is to compare the fluid management of intracranial surgeries using EC routine parameters.

Methods: This is a prospective randomized, double-blinded controlled study was carried out on 70 patients of both genders aged > 21 years old, ASA physical status II or III, GCS 15 scheduled for elective craniotomy. Patients were divided into two equal groups at random; group A: standard management, group B: EC guided management. The primary outcome was the duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay.

Results: The ICU and hospital stay duration were significantly decreased in group B compared to group A. The mean total amount of infused volume of crystalloid solutions was significantly decreased in group B compared to group A. Hemodynamics, and number of patients received colloid, blood, vasopressor, and inotropes were insignificantly different between both groups. There was a significant increase in optic nerve sheath diameter in group A compared to group B at PACU and 24 h. Adverse events were comparable between both groups except encephalodema, which was significantly higher in group A.

Conclusions: EC is an effective tool in COP measurement and a novel guide for fluid therapy as EC guided fluid therapy group was significantly decreased in ICU and hospital stay duration and the total amount of crystalloid with fewer adverse events.
Response of Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet, Microbial Population and System Productivity in Pearl Millet Based Cropping Systems
Authors: Sowjanya A. , Rao CH. Pulla , Rao CH. Sujani
Published: May 2021

The present study evaluated the use of various phosphorus management practices with and without PSB on pearl millet and its residual effect on succeeding pulse crops like green gram, blackgram and chickpea. It was conducted at agricultural college farm, Bapatla during both kharif and rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19. The treatments consisted of T1: No Phosphorus, T2: 50% RDP T3: 75% RDP, T4: 100% RDP, T5: 50% RDP + seed inoculation with PSB, T6 :75% RDP + seed inoculation with PSB, T7 : 100% RDP + seed inoculation with PSB in RBD design with three replications in kharif pearl millet crop. The results indicated that, the treatment T7 (100% RDP + seed inoculation with PSB) recorded significantly the highest growth parameters like LAI, CGR, RGR and NAR at different phenological stages of crop growth period and yield of pearl millet (2996 kg ha-1 and 2876 kg ha-1 during 2017 and 2018 respectively) and it was at par with T4 (100% RDP). Similarly, the total fungi, bacteria and rhizobium counts were increased with increase in fertilizer level and PSB treated plots (T7, T6 and T5) when compared to un-inoculated PSB plots (T4, T3 and T2). The highest number of bacteria (46.2  and 49.2  cfu per gram soil), fungi (25.4 and 24.4 cfu per gram soil) and rhizobium (33.5 and 34.4cfu per gram soil)  was found in the treatment T7 (100% RDP+ seed inoculation with PSB) during 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively. Among the different kharif residual treatments, the highest pearl millet equivalent yield of rabi crops was recorded with residual effect of 100 % RDP + PSB (M7).
Influence of Training Method on Learning Ability of Smallholder Farmers: Case of Moisture Conservation Farming Training
Authors: Never Mafuse , Tinashe Munyati Vincent , Christopher Gadzirayi , Edgar Muhau , Dadirayic Manyumwa
Published: May 2021

This study sought to identify factors that influence learning during training among small holder farmers on the new moisture conservation innovations (conservation farming) by Agricultural Technical and Extension Services (AGRITEX) and the objectives of the study was to identify the training methods used by AGRITEX officers in training  Conservation agriculture and to find the effectiveness of the training methods in transferring knowledge

The study took the form of a case study. Six small holder farmers trained on the new moisture conservation innovations were researched on.

The study showed that AGRITEX to certain extent gave farmers some chance to participate during training especially in carrying out demonstrations, field days and during look and learn tours.  The look and learn tours were appreciated most by many farmers as they were saying they can learn much by visiting other farmers. However, AGRITEX can further improve its training to improve learning among farmers through participatory course design which can help in the improvement of training for farmers to improve on practicing what they have trained.
Alterations in circulating extracellular vesicles underlie social stress‐induced behaviors in mice
Authors: Sakamoto Shinji , Mallah Dania , Medeiros Destynie J. , Dohi Eisuke , Imai Takashi , Rose Indigo V. L. , Matoba Ken , Zhu Xiaolei , Kamiya Atsushi , Kano Shin‐ichi
Published: May 2021

Chronic stress induces peripheral and intracerebral immune changes and inflammation, contributing to neuropathology and behavioral abnormalities relevant to psychiatric disorders such as depression. Although the pathological implication of many peripheral factors such as pro‐inflammatory cytokines, hormones, and macrophages has been demonstrated, the roles of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) for chronic stress mechanisms remain poorly investigated. Here, we report that chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)‐induced social avoidance phenotype, assessed by a previously untested three‐chamber social approach test, can be distinguished by multiple pro‐inflammatory cytokines and EV‐associated molecular signatures in the blood. We found that the expression patterns of miRNAs distinguished the CSDS‐susceptible mice from the CSDS‐resilient mice. Social avoidance behavior scores were also estimated with good accuracy by the expression patterns of multiple EV‐associated miRNAs. We also demonstrated that EVs enriched from the CSDS‐susceptible mouse sera upregulated the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the LPS‐stimulated microglia‐like cell lines. Our results indicate the role of circulating EVs and associated miRNAs in CSDS susceptibility, which may be related to pro‐inflammatory mechanisms underlying stress‐induced neurobehavioral outcomes.
3D X‐Ray Diffraction Characterization of Grain Growth and Recrystallization in Rolled Braze Clad Aluminum Sheet
Authors: Stenqvist Torkel , Hektor Johan , Bylund Sara , Moberg Robert , Edwards Mårten O. M. , Hall Stephen A. , Näslund Lars-Åke
Published: May 2021

Braze clad on aluminum (Al) sheets has enabled fast and convenient brazing assembly of complex heat exchangers. However, there are details in the brazing process that are not fully understood. Herein, 3D X‐ray diffraction (3DXRD) is used to investigate the grain position, size, and orientation before and after controlled atmosphere brazing (CAB). The outcomes are presented as maps of center‐of‐mass positions with relative grain size distribution and color‐coded grain orientations. The results show that, for braze clad Al sheets exposed to CAB simulation, it is possible to distinguish grains from the solidified AlSi alloy from those in the core Al alloy. It is also possible to distinguish new grains obtained through recrystallization during CAB. Hence, the study shows that stretching of the rolled Al sheet by 6% provides enough stored energy in the core material so that recrystallization occurs during CAB and, in addition, provides conditions for AlSi alloy grain growth into the core material. While the phenomenon is well known, it is poorly understood for processes in connection with brazing of mechanically formed Al alloy components in heat exchanger assemblies, and these results demonstrate the potential for gaining deeper insights through 3DXRD.
Trichloroisocyanuric Acid‐Promoted Synthesis of Arylselenides and Aryltellurides from Diorganyl Dichalcogenides and Arylboronic Acids at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Sun Nan , Zheng Kai , Sun Pengyuan , Chen Yang , Jin Liqun , Hu Baoxiang , Shen Zhenlu , Hu Xinquan
Published: May 2021

A transition‐metal‐free method for the synthesis of arylselenides and aryltellurides has been established based on the oxidative cross‐coupling between diorganyl dichalcogenides and aryl boronic acids. With trichloroisocyanuric acid as an oxidant, the reaction proceeded smoothly to afford the desired products in 45–97% yields at ambient temperature. Three reaction reagents used in this method are stoichiometric and the oxidation by‐product isocyanuric acid can be easily isolated and recovered. Besides of arylboronic acids, aryl trifluoroborates and aryl trihydroxyborates salts are also able to perform this transformation.

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Effects of straw returning and potassium fertilizer application on root characteristics and yield of spring maize in China inner Mongolia
Authors: Fan Yafang , Gao Julin , Sun Jiying , Liu Jian , Su Zhijun , Wang Zhigang , Yu Xiaofang , Hu Shuping
Published: May 2021

Exploring the effects of straw return (ST) and potassium fertilizer on soil structure, spring maize (Zea mays L.) root growth, K‐absorption efficiency and yield is essential for devising optimized straw return and potassium fertilizer management practices to increase grain yield for food security. In this study, two straw return levels used were straw return , no straw return and two potassium application levels used were 6K (90 kg/ha potassium application), no potassium (0K). Analyzed the effects of the above four treatments on soil structure, spring maize root indicators, K‐absorption efficiency and yield in three ecological regions in two years. The results showed that the effect of straw return on soil structure and root growth was better than that of applying potassium fertilizer. The effect of potassium fertilizer application on maize grain yield and K‐absorption efficiency was better than that of straw return. The impact of the interaction was better than straw return or the application potassium fertilizer alone. Straw return improved the effects of potassium fertilizer on soil bulk density, soil porosity, spring maize root length, root surface area, root volume, maize grain K‐absorption efficiency and yield by 3.99%–7.27%, 3.89%–7.40%, 1.35%–71.01%, 19.16%–42.45%, 10.49%–22.73%, 13.57%–19.67% and 4.43%–7.05%, respectively. Therefore, the interaction of straw return and potassium fertilizer was the best measure to maintain high and stable maize yield, increasing K‐absorption efficiency and improving the nutrient resource management of straw and potassium fertilizer, which was appropriate for spring maize planting.
Consumer preferences for foods with clean labels and new food technologies
Authors: Grant Kara R. , Gallardo R. Karina , McCluskey Jill J.
Published: May 2021

Foods with “clean labels,” that is, foods with few ingredients, may mitigate the stigma from the lack of healthfulness in processed food products. However, with conventional technologies, clean labels are difficult to achieve. We conducted a survey, including choice experiment scenarios, in which half of the respondents were presented scenarios to purchase a shelf‐stable ready meal with a clean label/fewer ingredients, and the other half were presented scenarios including the clean label/fewer ingredients and a new technology that allows for processed foods to be produced with fewer ingredients. In general, respondents were willing to pay a price premium for the clean label and the new food technology used. However, such preferences were heterogeneous. In the version of the survey that did not include the type of technology, the classes were “clean label incredulous,” “moderate believers in clean labels,” and “strong believers in clean labels.” In the survey version including the type of technology, the classes were “clean label indifferent and technology takers,” “moderate believers in clean labels and technology indifferent,” and “strong believers in clean labels and technology indifferent.” Our findings underscore the importance of providing consumers with information about a new technology and the resulting benefits to reduce perceived risks and increase consumer acceptance.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted 1,3‐Dienes via “à la carte” Multifunctionalization of Borylated Dendralenes
Authors: Rivera‐Chao Eva , Fañanás‐Mastral Martín
Published: May 2021

Despite the high relevance of 1,3‐dienes, stereoselective methods to access tetrasubstituted conjugated dienes are still scarce. We here report an efficient and modular approach that provides access to multifunctional tetrasubstituted 1,3‐dienes with excellent levels of regio‐ and stereoselectivity. This methodology is based on a tetracomponent reaction between a borylated dendralene, an organolithium reagent and two different electrophiles. Mechanistic studies reveal that this transformation proceeds through a regio‐ and stereoselective carbolithiation/electrophilic trapping of an in situ formed dendralenic boron‐ate complex, followed by a stereoretentive halodeborylation. The ease in which complex structural dienes can be accessed and their synthetic versatility highlight the importance and utility of this method.
Protonated Imine‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yang Jin , Acharjya Amitava , Ye Meng‐Yang , Rabeah Jabor , Li Shuang , Kochovski Zdravko , Youk Sol , Roeser Jérôme , Grüneberg Julia , Penschke Christopher , Schwarze Michael , Wang Tianyi , Lu Yan , van de Krol Roel , Oschatz Martin , Schomäcker Reinhard , Saalfrank Peter , Thomas Arne
Published: May 2021

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as an important class of organic semiconductors and photocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)from water. To optimize their photocatalytic activity, typically the organic moieties constituting the frameworks are considered and the most suitable combinations of them are searched for. However, the effect of the covalent linkage between these moieties on the photocatalytic performance has rarely been studied. Herein, we demonstrate that donor‐acceptor (D‐A) type imine‐linked COFs can produce hydrogen with a rate as high as 20.7 mmol g−1 h−1 under visible light irradiation, upon protonation of their imine linkages. A significant red‐shift in light absorbance, largely improved charge separation efficiency, and an increase in hydrophilicity triggered by protonation of the Schiff‐base moieties in the imine‐linked COFs, are responsible for the improved photocatalytic performance.
CaMn3IVO4 Cubane Models of the Oxygen‐Evolving Complex: Spin Ground States S<9/2 and the Effect of Oxo Protonation
Authors: Lee Heui Beom , Shiau Angela A. , Marchiori David A. , Oyala Paul H. , Yoo Byung‐Kuk , Kaiser Jens T. , Rees Douglas C. , Britt R. David , Agapie Theodor
Published: May 2021

We report the single crystal XRD and MicroED structure, magnetic susceptibility, and EPR data of a series of CaMn3IVO4 and YMn3IVO4 complexes as structural and spectroscopic models of the cuboidal subunit of the oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC). The effect of changes in heterometal identity, cluster geometry, and bridging oxo protonation on the spin‐state structure was investigated. In contrast to previous computational models, we show that the spin ground state of CaMn3IVO4 complexes and variants with protonated oxo moieties need not be S=9/2. Desymmetrization of the pseudo‐C3‐symmetric Ca(Y)Mn3IVO4 core leads to a lower S=5/2 spin ground state. The magnitude of the magnetic exchange coupling is attenuated upon oxo protonation, and an S=3/2 spin ground state is observed in CaMn3IVO3(OH). Our studies complement the observation that the interconversion between the low‐spin and high‐spin forms of the S2 state is pH‐dependent, suggesting that the (de)protonation of bridging or terminal oxygen atoms in the OEC may be connected to spin‐state changes.
Optimal Pore Chemistry in an Ultramicroporous Metal–Organic Framework for Benchmark Inverse CO2/C2H2 Separation
Authors: Zhang Zhaoqiang , Peh Shing Bo , Krishna Rajamani , Kang Chengjun , Chai Kungang , Wang Yuxiang , Shi Dongchen , Zhao Dan
Published: May 2021

Isolation of CO2 from acetylene (C2H2) via CO2‐selective sorbents is an energy‐efficient technology for C2H2 purification, but a strategic challenge due to their similar physicochemical properties. There is still no specific methodology for constructing sorbents that preferentially trap CO2 over C2H2. We report an effective strategy to construct optimal pore chemistry in a CeIV‐based ultramicroporous metal–organic framework CeIV‐MIL‐140‐4F, based on charge‐transfer effects, for efficient inverse CO2/C2H2 separation. The ligand‐to‐metal cluster charge transfer is facilitated by CeIV with low‐lying unoccupied 4f orbitals and electron‐withdrawing F atoms functionalized tetrafluoroterephthalate, affording a perfect pore environment to match CO2. The exceptional CO2 uptake (151.7 cm3 cm−3) along with remarkable separation selectivities (above 40) set a new benchmark for inverse CO2/C2H2 separation, which is verified via simulated and experimental breakthrough experiments. The unique CO2 recognition mechanism is further unveiled by in situ powder X‐ray diffraction experiments, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy measurements, and molecular calculations.
Is There a Place for Chimeric Antigen Receptor–T Cells in the Treatment of Chronic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases?
Authors: Orvain Cindy , Boulch Morgane , Bousso Philippe , Allanore Yannick , Avouac Jérôme
Published: May 2021

Chimeric antigen receptor–T (CAR‐T) cell therapy is based on specific targeting of tumor antigens, leading to lysis and destruction of tumor cells. The high potency of CAR‐T cells in the management of B cell malignancies has been demonstrated. Following the success of this therapeutic strategy, new CAR‐T cell–derived constructs that have the ability to eradicate pathogenic B cells or restore tolerance have been developed. The present review discusses how the knowledge and technology generated by the use of CAR‐T cells may be translated and integrated into ongoing therapeutic strategies for autoimmune rheumatic diseases. To this end, we describe the details of CAR‐T cell technology, as well as the meaningful achievements attained with the use of CAR‐T cells in onco‐hematology. In addition, we review the preliminary data obtained with CAR‐T cells and their derivative constructs in experimental models of autoimmune diseases. Finally, we focus on how CAR‐T cell engineering interferes with the pathogenesis of 3 chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases—rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis—and discuss whether these constructs might yield greater efficacy and be associated with fewer adverse events compared to current treatment strategies.
Stretch‐driven microfluidic chip for nucleic acid detection
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhao Xiaoyu , Yang Weihao , Xu Fei , Chen Bailiang , Peng Jiwei , Huang Jiajun , Mi Shengli
Published: May 2021

Molecular diagnosis is an essential means to detect pathogens. The portable nucleic acid detection chip has excellent prospects in places where medical resources are scarce, and it is also of research interest in the field of microfluidic chips. Here, the article developed a new type of microfluidic chip for nucleic acid detection where stretching acts as the driving force. The sample entered the chip by applying capillary force. The strain valve was opened under the action of tensile force, and the spring pump generated the power to drive the fluid to flow to the detection chamber in a specific direction. The detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) was realized on the chip. The RT‐LAMP amplification system was adopted to observe the liquid color in the detection chamber to decide whether the sample tested positive or negative qualitatively.
Green banking disclosure, firm value and the moderating role of a contextual factor: Evidence from a distinctive regulatory setting
Authors: Khan Habib Zaman , Bose Sudipta , Sheehy Benedict , Quazi Ali
Published: May 2021

The idea that green banking disclosure leads to increased firm value has been rightly considered as over‐simplistic. This paper builds on key prior insights by investigating whether combining green disclosure with other contextual factor, such as non‐performing loans, provides additional insight into the complex green disclosure–firm value relationship in a regulatory setting where green law has recently been enacted for the banking industry. We present an analysis of seven years of data sourced from listed banks in Bangladesh (2008–2014), with data analysed using multiple regression. Our findings indicate that, while green disclosure has a positive effect on the overall firm value of banks, this positive effect is negatively moderated by banks' non‐performing loans. This research contributes to the knowledge by showing that green disclosure alone is insufficient for creating market value for banks. Additional contextual matters need attention to understand the impact of green disclosure in contributing to increased market value for banks.
Delivering effective counselling for people with dementia and their families: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Sass Cara , Griffiths Alys Wyn , Shoesmith Emily , Charura Divine , Nicholson Paul
Published: May 2021

This article explores the prospect of delivering counselling to people affected by dementia from the perspective of persons responsible for delivering an integrated dementia support service, emphasising an underpinning relational approach. Findings originate from interviews with an experienced counsellor, the counselling service co‐ordinator and people affected by dementia. Framework analysis was adopted to generate themes related to the study aims. Effective counselling delivery is reliant on the counsellor’s practice philosophy and appreciation of the lived experience of dementia from a person‐centred understanding. Participants discussed the benefits to offering a holistically understanding service, supportive of the needs of people affected by dementia, and how this can affect access or uptake of counselling. Findings demonstrated that counselling is a worthwhile and effective intervention to offer to people living with dementia and family caregivers. A number of recommendations for adjusting the scope of relationship‐based counselling to promote effective delivery have been made.
Design of a Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived Co9S8/S Material for Achieving High Durability and High Performance of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Inamdar Arif I. , Kaisar Nahid , Kamal Saqib , Luo Tzuoo‐Tsair , Jou Shyankay , Chu Chih‐Wei , Chiang Ming‐Hsi , Lu Kuang‐Lieh
Published: May 2021

Enhancing the durability and performance of high‐energy‐density lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) is of paramount important for energy storage. We have fabricated a metal–organic framework‐derived (MOF) Co9S8/S (cobalt sulfide/sulfur) modified separator in LSBs which displays highest durability and excellent performance. The material successfully suppresses polysulfide shuttling, which is a determining factor in the deterioration of performance and lifetime of a battery. The Co9S8/S material is derived from a Co‐MOF. Its porosity and structural features make it an efficient material for capturing lithium polysulfides (LiPS), which is involved in chemical interactions with polarities within Co9S8/S. The kinetics of redox reactions involving LiPS are facilitated by the conductive properties of the material. A prolonged cycle life of 2000 charge–discharge cycles at a 1 C‐rate is observed when Co9S8/S is applied to the surface of a separator in the LSBs. An excellent discharge capacity of 879 mAh g−1 with the coulombic efficiency being maintained above 85 % throughout the course of 2000 charge–discharge cycles at a 1 C‐rate is achieved. Our strategy results in a material with unpresented high stability and durability of a MOF‐derived material which have fundamental importance in industrial and future commercialization of LSBs.
Non‐Covalent Interactions in the Biphenyl Crystal: Is the Planar Conformer a Transition State?
Authors: Landeros‐Rivera Bruno , Jancik Vojtech , Moreno‐Esparza Rafael , Martínez Otero Diego , Hernández‐Trujillo Jesús
Published: May 2021

A combined experimental and theoretical study of the biphenyl (BP) crystal is presented. The X‐ray diffraction data collected at 100 K were subjected to Hirshfeld atom and multipole refinements of the electron density, ρ(r). A theoretical exploration of the potential energy surface (PES) of the crystal was also carried out. This investigation challenges the common assumption that the planar structure of BP in the phase I crystal is an average of two twisted configurations in a double‐well potential. The theoretical computations provide compelling evidence that this structure corresponds to a minimum on the PES hence to a stable molecular arrangement. Consistently, the experiment showed no evidence of positional or dynamic disorder. The intramolecular hydrogen‐hydrogen bonds detected are not repulsive. The topological analysis of the experimental and theoretical ρ(r) reveals that both the intra‐ and intermolecular H⋅⋅⋅H and the C−H⋅⋅⋅π contacts stabilize the BP crystal.
Durchströmungswäsche gesättigter und untersättigter Filterkuchen
Authors: Brückner Andreas , Sprott Thomas , Peuker Urs Alexander , Hoffner Bernhard
Published: May 2021

In großtechnischen Prozessen bietet sich die Durchströmungswäsche zur Aufreinigung eines Filterkuchens an. Eine Vorentfeuchtung vor dem Waschschritt verhindert das unerwünschte Vermischen von Suspensions‐ und Waschflüssigkeit auf der Kuchenoberfläche. Der Einfluss dieser Vorentfeuchtung auf die Durchströmungswäsche wird mit einer Labornutsche untersucht. Der Vergleich von Entfeuchtungskinetik vor der Wäsche und Wiederbefeuchtungskinetik zu Beginn der Wäsche zeigt, dass die Wiederbefeuchtung innerhalb einer deutlich kürzeren Zeitskala abläuft. Die ursprüngliche Sättigung von S = 1 wird nicht mehr erreicht, sondern eine Gleichgewichtssättigung S < 1. Die Vorentfeuchtung bewirkt in keinem der drei Waschbereiche eine Verschlechterung, z. T. sogar leichte Besserstellungen, erhöht jedoch den Zeitbedarf.
Long‐term follow‐up of surgical outcomes for patients with Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma
Authors: Cooke‐Barber Jo , Scorletti Federico , Rymeski Beth , Eshelman‐Kent Debra , Nagarajan Rajaram , Burns Karen , Jenkins Todd , Dasgupta Roshni
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

There are minimal data on long‐term surgical outcomes of patients who have undergone resection for Wilms tumor (WT) and neuroblastoma (NB).

METHODS

A retrospective review of patients in a long‐term survivor clinic between the years 1967 and 2016 in a pediatric tertiary care hospital (>5 years posttreatment) was performed.

RESULTS

Eighty‐six survivors of WT and 86 survivors of NB who had ongoing follow‐up in the survivors' clinic were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 2.5 years (range, 0.4‐15.7 years) with a mean follow‐up of 22.3 years (±10.4 years) for WT. The median age at diagnosis for patients with NB was 0.9 years (range, 0.1‐8.6 months); mean follow‐up of 21.7 years (±7.9 years). Twelve patients with WT (14.0%) had at least 1 repeat laparotomy, 11.1% for bowel obstruction, at a median of 3 months from initial surgery. Twelve patients (14.0%) with NB required laparotomy and 8.1% for bowel obstruction, at a median of 12 years after initial surgery. The incidence of hypertension in patients with WT who had undergone nephrectomy was not outside of population norms. Patients who underwent thoracotomy for a NB have a higher incidence of scoliosis and Horner syndrome.

CONCLUSIONS

Small bowel obstruction requiring laparotomy is significantly higher than the literature norms for both tumor patient populations and typically occurs in the early postoperative period for patients with WT and remotely in patients with NB. The long‐term surgical complications of patients who underwent resection for NB and WT clearly merit follow‐up and patient education within multidisciplinary long‐term survivorship clinics.
Cell‐Type‐Specific Proteomics Analysis of a Small Number of Plant Cells by Integrating Laser Capture Microdissection with a Nanodroplet Sample Processing Platform
Authors: Balasubramanian Vimal K. , Purvine Samuel O. , Liang Yiran , Kelly Ryan T. , Pasa‐Tolic Ljiljana , Chrisler William B. , Blumwald Eduardo , Stewart C. Neal , Zhu Ying , Ahkami Amir H.
Published: May 2021

Plant organs and tissues contain multiple cell types, which are well organized in 3‐dimensional structure to efficiently perform physiological functions such as homeostasis and response to environmental perturbation and pathogen infection. It is critically important to perform molecular measurements at the cell‐type‐specific level to discover mechanisms and unique features of cell populations that govern differentiation and respond to external perturbations. Although mass spectrometry−based proteomics has been demonstrated as an enabling discovery tool for studying plant physiology, conventional approaches require millions of cells to generate robust biological conclusions. Such requirements mask the cell‐to‐cell heterogeneities and limit the comprehensive profiling of plant proteins at spatially resolved and cell‐type‐specific resolutions. This article describes a recently developed proteomics workflow for studying a small number of plant cells by integrating laser capture microdissection, microfluidic nanodroplet−based sample preparation, and ultrasensitive liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry. Using poplar as a model tree species, we provide detailed protocols, including plant leaf and root tissue harvest, sample preparation, cryosectioning, laser microdissection, protein digestion, mass spectrometry measurement, and data analysis. We show that the workflow enables the precise identification and quantification of thousands of proteins from hundreds of isolated plant root and leaf cells. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Plant tissue fixation and embedding

Support Protocol 1: Preparation of 2.5% CMC solution

Support Protocol 2: Slow freezing of CMC blocks to avoid crack development in the block

Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of cryosections

Alternate Protocol: Using a vacuum manifold to dehydrate the cryosection slides (primarily for root tissues)

Basic Protocol 3: Laser capture microdissection of specific types of plant cells

Basic Protocol 4: Nanodroplet‐based sample preparation for ultrasensitive proteomic analysis

Support Protocol 3: Fabrication of nanowell chips

Basic Protocol 5: Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry
Divergent Rearrangements of Vinylcyclopropane into Skipped Diene and Cyclopentene: Mechanism, Scope, and Limitations
Authors: Delbrassinne Arnaud , Richald Maximilien , Janssens Julien , Robiette Raphaël
Published: May 2021

Vinylcyclopropanes are versatile intermediates in organic synthesis which undergo various rearrangements. We report a new rearrangement of vinylcyclopropane into skipped diene. A detailed mechanistic study revealed that this transformation involves regioselective ring‐opening of the cyclopropane ring followed by 1,2‐migration of one of the cyclopropane substituents. Interestingly, our investigations showed that skipped diene is the kinetic product of the process but formation of a more stable cyclopentene is also accessible. The fundamental understanding of the processes involved enabled the development of divergent methodologies allowing to obtain cyclopentene or skipped diene from vinylcyclopropane in a selective and controlled manner.
Copper‐Phosphine Mediated Oxidative Phosphorylation of Aromatic Amines and P(OR)3 under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Wang Shihaozhi , Ma Shidi , Yang Jiale , Li Wenshuang , Li Dianjun , Yang Jinhui
Published: May 2021

A copper‐phosphine system (Cu(OAc)2 and t‐Bu3P⋅HBF4) was used to synthesize α‐aminophosphonates and phosphoramides from various aromatic amines and trialkyl phosphites under oxygen atmosphere. With this Cu−P system, α‐aminophosphonates containing C−P bonds were generated from N,N‐dimethylanilines or N‐methylanilines and trialkyl phosphites; phosphoramidates containing N−P bonds were produced from N‐benzylanilines and trialkyl phosphites. This strategy provided a convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of phosphorous compounds. The compounds containing phosphoryl group attracted extensive attention due to their biological activities and wide applications.[1,2] The α‐aminophosphonates have been applied in medicine and agriculture such as anticancer drugs, antibiotics, antibacterial agents, and enzyme inhibitors.[1] And phosphoramides could be served as antibiotics, prodrugs, flame retardants, and ligands.[2]
Regioselective Synthesis of Fullerene Tris‐adducts for the Preparation of Clickable Fullerene [3:3]‐Hexa‐adduct Scaffolds
Authors: Meichsner Eric , Schillinger Franck , Trinh Thi Minh Nguyet , Guerra Sebastiano , Hahn Uwe , Nierengarten Iwona , Holler Michel , Nierengarten Jean‐François
Published: May 2021

Macrocyclic tris‐malonates incorporating cleavable di‐tert‐butylsilylene protecting groups have been prepared by a stepwise approach and used for the regioselective tris‐functionalization of C60. Fullerene tris‐adducts with an e,e,e addition pattern have been thus obtained. The bridging di‐tert‐butylsilylene protecting groups have been cleaved to liberate the terminal alcohol functions of the fullerene tris‐adduct. This key building block has been further functionalized to generate a clickable fullerene [3:3]‐hexa‐adduct scaffold allowing the successive introduction of two azide reagents.