bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning of large‐scale spatial distributions of wild turkeys with high‐dimensional environmental data
Authors: Farrell Annie , Wang Guiming , Rush Scott A. , Martin James A. , Belant Jerrold L. , Butler Adam B. , Godwin Dave
Published: April 2019

Species distribution modeling often involves high‐dimensional environmental data. Large amounts of data and multicollinearity among covariates impose challenges to statistical models in variable selection for reliable inferences of the effects of environmental factors on the spatial distribution of species. Few studies have evaluated and compared the performance of multiple machine learning (ML) models in handling multicollinearity. Here, we assessed the effectiveness of removal of correlated covariates and regularization to cope with multicollinearity in ML models for habitat suitability. Three machine learning algorithms maximum entropy (MaxEnt), random forests (RFs), and support vector machines (SVMs) were applied to the original data (OD) of 27 landscape variables, reduced data (RD) with 14 highly correlated covariates being removed, and 15 principal components (PC) of the OD accounting for 90% of the original variability. The performance of the three ML models was measured with the area under the curve and continuous Boyce index. We collected 663 nonduplicated presence locations of Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) across the state of Mississippi, United States. Of the total locations, 453 locations separated by a distance of ≥2 km were used to train the three ML algorithms on the OD, RD, and PC data, respectively. The remaining 210 locations were used to validate the trained ML models to measure ML performance. Three ML models had excellent performance on the RD and PC data. MaxEnt and SVMs had good performance on the OD data, indicating the adequacy of regularization of the default setting for multicollinearity. Weak learning of RFs through bagging appeared to alleviate multicollinearity and resulted in excellent performance on the OD data. Regularization of ML algorithms may help exploratory studies of the effects of environmental factors on the spatial distribution and habitat suitability of wildlife.
A 3D staggered Lagrangian scheme for ideal magnetohydrodynamics on unstructured meshes
Authors: Xu Xiao , Gao Zhiming , Dai Zihuan
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we propose a 3D staggered Lagrangian scheme for the ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) on unstructured meshes. All the thermal variables and the magnetic induction are defined in the cell centers while the fluid velocity is located at the nodes. The meshes are compatibly discretized to ensure the geometric conservation laws in Lagrangian computation by the classical subcell method, then the momentum equation is discretized using the subcell forces and the specific internal energy equation is obtained by the total energy conservation. Invoking the Galilean invariance, magnetic flux conservation, and the thermodynamic consistency, the expressions of subcell force as well as the cell‐centered velocity are derived. Besides, the magnetic divergence‐free constraint is fulfilled by a projection method after each time step. Various numerical tests are presented to assert the robustness and accuracy of our scheme.
Numerical analysis reliability control for a double‐pipe heat exchanger with virtual entropy generation method
Authors: Tavangar Tooran , Siavash Amoli Behzad , Aghajani Delavar Mojtaba
Published: April 2019

There are two primary laws including the first and second laws of thermodynamics that should be used to assess a process. Generally, only the first law of thermodynamics is investigated in numerical solutions, so it is possible to exist some numerical results that do not satisfy the second law of thermodynamics because of numerical errors. To achieve reliable numerical outcomes, it is better to apply two indexes of HEAT BALANCE ERROR and VIRTUAL ENTROPY GENERATION, which come from the second law of thermodynamics. In other words, an approach to develop computational fluid dynamics investigations is to take second law of thermodynamics into consideration. In this study, two different models including counterflow double‐pipe heat exchanger and single‐pipe with constant wall temperature are simulated in various cases with different efficiencies and temperature ratios. It is found that 46 cases of total 523 double‐pipe models and 24 cases of total 402 simulations of single‐pipe models had unacceptable results regarding to two mentioned criteria. The results revealed that it is less likely to gain unreliable results in smaller efficiency and lower inlet temperature for double‐pipe heat exchanger and single‐pipe respectively.
Flow Plex—A tool for unbiased comprehensive flow cytometry data analysis
Authors: Nowatzky Johannes , Resnick Ezra , Manasson Julia , Stagnar Cristy , Al‐Obeidi Arshed Fahad , Manches Olivier
Published: April 2019

Introduction

The information content of multiparametric flow cytometry experiments is routinely underexploited given the paucity of adequate tools for unbiased comprehensive data analysis that can be applied successfully and independently by immunologists without computational training.

Methods

We aimed to develop a tool that allows straightforward access to the entire information content of any given flow cytometry panel for immunologists without special computational expertise. We used a data analysis approach which accounts for all mathematically possible combinations of markers in a given panel, coded the algorithm and applied the method to mined and self‐generated data sets.

Results

We developed Flow Plex, a straightforward computational tool that allows unrestricted access to the information content of a given flow cytometry panel, enables classification of human samples according to distinct immune phenotypes, such as different forms of autoimmune uveitis, acute myeloid leukemia vs “healthy”, “old” vs “young”, and facilitates the identification of cell populations with potential biologic relevance to states of disease and health.

Conclusions

We provide a tool that allows immunologists and other flow cytometry users with limited bioinformatics skills to extract comprehensive, unbiased information from flow cytometry data sets.
Melatonin enhances autophagy and decreases apoptosis induced by nanosilica in RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Zhang Shi‐Hai , Wu Hui‐Mei , Li Shuai , Wang Mu‐Zi , Fang Lei , Liu Rong‐Yu
Published: April 2019

Melatonin is one of the main hormones that regulate biological rhythms and have immunomodulation, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidation functions. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of melatonin on the autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammatory reaction of macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) stimulated by nanosilica. SiO2 (100 mg/mL, 10–20 nm) was used to stimulate RAW264.7 cells at different time points (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hr). Melatonin (200 μM) was added to SiO2‐stimulated macrophages at 12 hr. Beclin‐1, LC3, Bax, Bcl‐2, and Caspase‐3 were examined with western blotting. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. The levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐18 were detected by ELISA. The level of TNF‐α in the supernatant of SiO2‐stimulated cells gradually increased with time but decreased following melatonin administration. In contrast, the expression of IL‐1β and IL‐18 increased after melatonin treatment. LC3 and Bax signaling pathways were activated in SiO2‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells, showing elevated expression of LC3 and reduced expression of Bax in the melatonin‐treated cells. GFP‐LC3 puncta were significantly increased in SiO2‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells and decreased in melatonin‐treated cells. The apoptotic rate in SiO2‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells increased with time and decreased after melatonin treatment, and the number of phagosomes increased with the stimulation of nanosilica and the treatment of melatonin. Melatonin might promote autophagy and inhibit apoptosis as well as inflammatory responses of RAW264.7 cells stimulated by nanosilica. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 2019
Behavioral skills training in scent detection research: Interactions between trainer and animal behavior
Authors: Lewon Matthew , Webb E. Kate , Brotheridge Sydney M. , Cox Christophe , Fast Cynthia D.
Published: April 2019

Animal trainers working in scent detection programs are responsible for arranging training contingencies as well as for observing and recording animal behavior. We provided behavioral skills training (BST) to animal trainers working with scent detection rats to improve the treatment integrity of scent‐detection research sessions. We evaluated the trainers' behavior at baseline and during the sequential introduction of each component of BST (instructions, modeling, and feedback). We observed incremental improvements in treatment integrity with the introduction of each BST component. Posttraining probes revealed that these improvements were sustained at least 3 weeks post‐BST. As the trainers' behavior was modified during BST, we observed decrements in measures of rat performance. We discuss the nature of these interactions and their implications for the use of BST in scent detection research and in situations in which intervention with one party produces concomitant effects on the behavior of another.
Nature of halogen‐centered intermolecular interactions in crystal growth and design: Fluorine‐centered interactions in dimers in crystalline hexafluoropropylene as a prototype
Authors: Varadwaj Arpita , Marques Helder M. , Varadwaj Pradeep R.
Published: April 2019

The wide occurrence of halogen‐centered noncovalent interactions in crystal growth and design prompted this study, which includes a mini review of recent advances in the field. Particular emphasis is placed on providing compelling theoretical evidence of the formation of these interactions between sites of positive electrostatic potential, as well as between sites of negative electrostatic potential, localized on the electrostatic surfaces of the bound fluorine atoms in a prototypical system, hexafluoropropylene (C3F6), upon its interaction with another same molecule to form (C3F6)2dimers. The existence of σ‐ and π‐hole interactions is shown for the stable dimers. Even so, weakly bound interactions locally responsible in holding the molecular fragments together cannot and should not be overlooked since they are partly responsible for determining the overall geometry of the crystal. The results of combined quantum theory of atoms in molecules, molecular electrostatic surface potential, and reduced density gradient noncovalent interaction analyses showed that these latter interactions do indeed play a role in the stability and growth of crystalline C3F6itself and the (C3F6)2dimers. A symmetry adapted perturbation theory energy decomposition analysis leads to the conclusion that a great majority of the (C3F6)2dimers examined are the consequence of dispersion (and electrostatics), with nonnegligible contribution from polarization, which together competes with an exchange repulsion component to determine the equilibrium geometries. In a few structures of the (C3F6)2dimer, the fluorine is found to serve as a six‐center five‐bond donor/acceptor, as found for carbon in other systems (Malischewski and Seppelt, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 368). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The equivalence of supporting software delegation and sales delegation
Authors: Chou Chung‐Hui
Published: April 2019

This paper considers a duopoly market with horizontally differentiated system goods to examine system owners' behaviors under supporting software delegation, in which owners of system firms use varieties of supporting software, coupled with profit, to evaluate their managers' performance. Supporting software delegation seems to induce managers to act more aggressively in price competition than sales delegation does; however, we prove that if two systems are compatible and the varieties of supporting software are determined by hardware owners' overall expenditure amount on software, then supporting software delegation is equivalent to sales delegation. Owners of system firms induce their managers to act less aggressively in hardware price competition by offering contracts with a negative weight on varieties of supporting software under supporting software delegation. We find that stronger network externalities do not reverse system owners' contracting behaviors under supporting software delegation. Finally, it is worth mentioning that hardware technologies are static in this paper. In other words, dynamic changes such as hardware evolution are not considered in our analysis.
Oscillation for a nonlinear neutral dynamic equations on time‐scales with variable exponents
Authors: Negi Shekhar Singh , Abbas Syed , Malik Muslim
Published: April 2019

In the present manuscript, we study the oscillation theory for a first‐order nonlinear neutral dynamic equations on timescales with variable exponents of the form

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma5636:mma5636-math-0001
where ξ is a quotient of odd positive integers;
be a fixed number;
is a timescale interval; η,τm > 0;
for m = 1,2,…,n such that
, and the variable exponents αm(t) satisfy
. The principal goal of this paper is to establish some new succinct sufficient conditions for oscillation. Furthermore, we introduce a forcing term
and then study the oscillation. Afterward, some interesting special cases are also studied to obtain similar sufficient conditions of oscillation under certain conditions. Moreover, the oscillatory behaviour of the solutions of a first‐order neutral dynamic equation on timescale with a nonlocal condition and a forced nonlinear neutral dynamic equation on time scale are studied. But the proofs are based on the prior estimates obtained in this paper. Some enthralling examples are constructed to show the effectiveness of our analytic results. These counterparts are quite different in the literature even when
. Finally, the Kamenev‐type and Philos‐type oscillation criterions are established.
Application of radial GRAPPA techniques to single‐ and multislice dynamic speech MRI using a 16‐channel neurovascular coil
Authors: Ruthven Matthieu , Freitas Andreia C. , Boubertakh Redha , Miquel Marc E.
Published: April 2019

Purpose

To investigate: (1) the feasibility of using through‐time radial GeneRalized Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions (rGRAPPA) and hybrid radial GRAPPA (h‐rGRAPPA) in single‐ and multislice dynamic speech MRI; (2) whether single‐slice dynamic speech MRI at a rate of 15 frames per second (fps) or higher and with adequate image quality can be achieved using these radial GRAPPA techniques.

Methods

Seven healthy adult volunteers were imaged at 3T using a 16‐channel neurovascular coil and 2 spoiled gradient echo sequences (radial trajectory, field of view = 192 × 192 mm2, acquired pixel size = 2.4 × 2.4 mm2). One sequence imaged a single slice at 16.8 fps, the other imaged 2 interleaved slices at 7.8 fps per slice. Image sets were reconstructed using rGRAPPA and h‐rGRAPPA, and their image quality was compared using the root mean square error, structural similarity index, and visual assessments.

Results

Image quality deteriorated when fewer than 170 calibration frames were used in the rGRAPPA reconstruction. rGRAPPA image sets demonstrated: (1) in 97% of cases, a similar image quality to h‐rGRAPPA image sets reconstructed using a k‐space segment size of 4, (2) in 98% of cases, a better image quality than h‐rGRAPPA image sets reconstructed using a k‐space segment size of 32.

Conclusion

This study confirmed: (1) the feasibility of using rGRAPPA and h‐rGRAPPA in single‐ and multislice dynamic speech MRI, (2) that single‐slice speech imaging at a frame rate higher than 15 fps and with adequate image quality can be achieved using these radial GRAPPA techniques.
Visual analysis of plastication of long‐glass fiber‐reinforced resins using a glass‐insert heating cylinder
Authors: Ma Sai , Shibata Kazuyuki , Yokoi Hidetoshi
Published: April 2019

The fiber‐reinforced plastication processes during the injection molding of reinforced resins with long fibers are difficult to observe through visualization cylinders because of possible obstacles, such as (1) opacification of melts, (2) abrasion on the inner surface of glass windows, and (3) breakage of glass windows under high pressures. In this study, we visualized the plastication process of long‐glass fiber‐reinforced resins containing 50 wt% fibers. In plastication experiments using three full‐flight screws with different compression ratios, we observed the instability of the melting process, the generation of solid beds and melt pools, and the breakup of melted segments. We demonstrated that the plastication process depends considerably on the compression ratio and clarified the characteristic molding phenomena related to fiber breakup. Based on our observations, we proposed a model that explains the different fiber breakage distributions at different compression ratios during the melting process of long‐glass fiber‐reinforced resins. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1300–1309 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
What Can Be Learned From Crowdsourced Population Asparagus Urinary Odor Kinetics?
Authors: Facius Axel , Atkinson Linda A. , Hanna Kelly , Coombes Mai Chi , Lahu Gezim , Wagner John A.
Published: April 2019

Asparagus consumption is associated with the production of malodorous urine. Interindividual variability was previously characterized by an American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics crowdsourced study. To further characterize urinary odor kinetics, we conducted a study with consenting participants from Takeda Pharmaceutical International Company. The participants were randomized to consume a specified number of asparagus spears and asked to record urine odor. A kinetic‐pharmacodynamic model characterized the data from both the newly conducted Takeda study (N = 42) and the previously analyzed American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics studies (total N = 139). The updated model included the identification of an absorption process with a half‐life of 25 minutes. We estimated the elimination half‐life of the asparagus effect on malodorous urine to be 7.2 hours, which was 44% longer in our study. We built on previous experience using an improved R‐Shiny app for conducting the crowdsourcing experiment, further demonstrating the utility of this population kinetics approach in organizational and educational settings.
Topological studies related to molecular systems formed during the Big Bang: H3+ as an example
Authors: Mukherjee Bijit , Shamasundar K. R. , Adhikari Satrajit , Baer Michael
Published: April 2019

In the present article are analyzed the non‐adiabatic coupling terms (NACT) for two molecular systems, namely H3+ and H3. In contrast to previous occasions in which the NACTs are studied along (closed) circular contours usually surrounding conical intersections (ci), in the present article are studied distribution of the NACTs in (planar) configuration spaces (CS). The motivation for this study has to do with a novel idea being mentioned earlier (Molec. Phys., 116, 2435 [2018]; ArXiv:1801.00103) that NACTs are like a Glue (eventually) associated with the ability of creating molecules and/or protecting them from breaking up. It was found that the distributions of the NACTs due to the two molecules are similar as long as the attention is given to regions close to their equilateral cis, but then they behave significantly different in other regions. In case of H3+, the NACTs are distributed rather uniformly whereas, in case of H3 they become spiky the closer they approach the diatom axis. The main conclusion of this study is that the glue which has its origin in the NACTs is most likely to be effective in case of H3+ that explains the creation and later survival of this molecule.
Consensus and influence power approximation in time‐varying and directed networks subject to perturbations
Authors: Martin S. , Morărescu I.‐C. , Nešić D.
Published: April 2019

The paper focuses on the analysis of multi‐agent systems interacting over directed and time‐varying networks in presence of parametric uncertainty on the interaction weights. We assume that agents reach a consensus, and the main goal of this work is to characterize the contribution that each agent has to the consensus value. This information is important for network intervention applications such as targeted advertising over social networks. Indeed, for an advertising campaign to be efficient, it has to take into account the influence power of each agent in the graph (ie, the contribution of each agent to the final consensus value). In our first results, we analytically describe the trajectory of the overall network, and we provide lower and upper bounds on the corresponding consensus value. We show that under appropriate assumptions, the contribution of each agent to the consensus value is smooth both in time and in the variation of the uncertainty parameter. This allows approximating the contribution of each agent when small perturbations affect the influence of each agent on its neighbors. Finally, we provide a numerical example to illustrate how our theoretical results apply in the context of network intervention.
How to analyze and interpret recurrent events data in the presence of a terminal event: An application on readmission after colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Charles‐Nelson Anaïs , Katsahian Sandrine , Schramm Catherine
Published: April 2019

Recurrent events arise when an event occurs many times for a subject. Many models have been developed to analyze these kind of data: the Andersen‐Gill's model is one of them as well as the Prentice‐William and the Peterson's model, the Wei Lee and Weissfeld's model, or even frailty models, all assuming an independent and noninformative censoring. However, in practice, these assumptions may be violated by the existence of a terminal event that permanently stops the recurrent process (eg, death). Indeed, a patient who experiences an early terminal event is more likely to have a lower number of recurrent events than a patient who experiences a terminal event later. Thus, ignoring terminal events in the analysis may lead to biased results. Many methods have been developed to handle terminal events. In this paper, we describe the existing methods classifying into conditional or marginal methods and compare them in a simulation study to highlight bias in results if an inappropriate method is used, when recurrent events and terminal event are correlated. In addition, we apply the different models on a real dataset to show how results should be interpreted. Finally, we provide recommendations for choosing the appropriate method for analyzing recurrent events in the presence of a terminal event.
Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of clinical practice guidelines in sonography
Authors: Maric Jovana , Childs Jessie , Esterman Adrian
Published: April 2019

Knowledge of the size of the adult liver is an essential factor in diagnosing liver disease and in the monitoring of treatment response over time. Although there are multiple methods to determine liver size using ultrasound, currently, no clinical practice guideline exists. Recently, a reference range and equation to determine liver volume using ultrasound was developed. In order to guide the development of a clinical guideline, a scoping review was conducted in order to identify the potential barriers and facilitators to the implementation of this new measurement technique in clinical practice. A total of 40 articles were included in the review. The most commonly cited barriers to guideline adherence can be divided into categories that are related to individual barriers (knowledge and attitude) and external factors (guideline and environmental). The facilitators to overcome such barriers were also identified. It was reported that implementation is most beneficial when a range of strategies that aim to address the identified barriers are used. In conclusion, this scoping review has identified barriers and facilitators to aid in the development of interventions to improve sonographers' adherence to clinical practice guidelines in the clinical environment.
Bayesian regularization: From Tikhonov to horseshoe
Authors: Polson Nicholas G. , Sokolov Vadim
Published: April 2019

Bayesian regularization is a central tool in modern‐day statistical and machine learning methods. Many applications involve high‐dimensional sparse signal recovery problems. The goal of our paper is to provide a review of the literature on penalty‐based regularization approaches, from Tikhonov (Ridge, Lasso) to horseshoe regularization.

This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Robust Methods

Statistical Models > Linear Models

Statistical Models > Bayesian Models
Interplay between the holographic QCD phase diagram and mutual & n-partite information
Authors: Mahapatra Subhash
Published: April 2019

Abstract

In an earlier work, we studied holographic entanglement entropy in QCD phases using a dynamical Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton gravity model whose dual boundary theory mimics essential features of QCD above and below deconfinement. The model although displays subtle differences compared to the standard QCD phases, however, it introduces a notion of temperature in the phase below the deconfinement critical temperature and captures quite well the entanglement and thermodynamic properties of QCD phases. Here we extend our analysis to study the mutual and n-partite information by considering n strips with equal lengths and equal separations, and investigate how these quantities leave their imprints in holographic QCD phases. We discover a rich phase diagram with n ≥ 2 strips and the corresponding mutual and n-partite information shows rich structure, consistent with the thermodynamical transitions, while again revealing some subtleties. Below the deconfinement critical temperature, we find no dependence of the mutual and n-partite information on temperature and chemical potential.
Generalised global symmetries in holography: magnetohydrodynamic waves in a strongly interacting plasma
Authors: Grozdanov Sašo , Poovuttikul Napat
Published: April 2019

Abstract

We begin the exploration of holographic duals to theories with generalised global (higher-form) symmetries. In particular, we focus on the case of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in strongly coupled plasmas by constructing and analysing a holographic dual to a recent, generalised global symmetry-based formulation of dissipative MHD. The simplest holographic dual to the effective theory of MHD that was proposed as a description of plasmas with any equation of state and transport coefficients contains dynamical graviton and two-form gauge field fluctuations in a magnetised black brane background. The dual field theory, which is closely related to the large-N

c
,

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory at (infinitely) strong coupling, is, as we argue, in our setup coupled to a dynamical U(1) gauge field with a renormalisation condition-dependent electromagnetic coupling. After constructing the holographic dictionary for gauge-gravity duals of field theories with higher-form symmetries, we compute the dual equation of state and transport coefficients, and for the first time analyse phenomenology of MHD waves in a strongly interacting, dense plasma with a (holographic) microscopic description. From weak to extremely strong magnetic fields, several predictions for the behaviour of Alfvén and magnetosonic waves are discussed.
Environmental Efficiency of Apple Production in China: A Translog Stochastic Frontier Analysis
Authors: Bai Xiuguang , Salim Ruhul , Bloch Harry
Published: April 2019

This article estimates technical and environmental efficiencies using the stochastic frontier analysis with panel data of twenty-two main apple production provinces in China during 1992–2014. Results show that the environmental efficiency for pesticide input alone has lower mean value of 0.337 than environmental efficiency for the two environmentally detrimental inputs, pesticide and chemical fertilizer, which is 0.782. Furthermore, all efficiency scores have decreasing trends over time. Loess Plateau is more environmentally efficient than the Bohai bay region. Results of output elasticities show that chemical fertilizer has a mean value of 0.225, which is higher than for material, labor, and pesticide input. Also, apple production in China experiences decreasing returns to scale. Finally, it is also discovered that labor and chemical fertilizer have a substitute relationship, while material and labor have a complementary relationship, as do chemical fertilizer and pesticide. The results from the study should prove useful for reallocating input resources and improving environmental efficiency.
CAT BOND PRICING UNDER A PRODUCT PROBABILITY MEASURE WITH POT RISK CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Tang Qihe , Yuan Zhongyi
Published: April 2019

Frequent large losses from recent catastrophes have caused great concerns among insurers/reinsurers, who then turn to seek mitigations of such catastrophe risks by issuing catastrophe (CAT) bonds and thereby transferring the risks to the bond market. Whereas, the pricing of CAT bonds remains a challenging task, mainly due to the facts that the CAT bond market is incomplete and that the pricing usually requires knowledge about the tail of the risks. In this paper, we propose a general pricing framework based on a product pricing measure, which combines a distorted probability measure that prices the catastrophe risks underlying the CAT bond with a risk-neutral probability measure that prices interest rate risk. We also demonstrate the use of the peaks over threshold (POT) method to uncover the tail risk. Finally, we conduct case studies using Mexico and California earthquake data to demonstrate the applicability of our pricing framework.
The Decolonization of the Environment in Kazakhstan: The NovelFinal Respectsby Abdi-Jamil Nurpeisov
Authors: Sharipova Dina
Published: April 2019

This article examines the novelFinal Respectsby Abdi-Jamil Nurpeisov from a postcolonial ecocritical perspective. Nurpeisov was one of the first Kazakh writers to discuss the decolonization of the environment and the “process of self-apprehension” by writing about the tragedy of the Aral Sea, power relations between the center and periphery, and the interconnectivity of humans and the environment in the Soviet Union. Through the prism of a small fishing village, he shows the tragedy of a nation that has an impact on the entire world. The novel is thus a critique of anthropocentric policies imposed by Moscow on Kazakhstan and other Soviet republics. Throughout the text, Nurpeisov reiterates the connection between the local and the global on one hand, and human culture and the environment on the other.
Secular Law as the “King's Law”: Zionist Halakhah and Legal Theory
Authors: Brand Itzhak
Published: April 2019

What is the possibility of secular law in the religious Jewish state? This article will focus this question on the attitude of Zionist halakhic decisors toward the secular law of the land when that land is the State of Israel. Are these decisors willing to recognize Israeli law as falling into the halakhic category of “the King's Law” (mishpat ha-melekh)? Halakhic literature offers various justifications for the king's authority. The first justification is philosophical and jurisprudential; the second is political; and the third is legal in nature. Various justifications for the King's Law yield different models of its force and authority, which contrast in the relationship they posit between the King's Law and Torah Law. This article examines this question from the perspective of the legal discussion of the relationship between competing systems of law (private international law and issues related to the conflict of laws).
“Oh Mohammed, Are You Still Awake?”: Admiel Kosman, Martin Buber, and the Poetics of Engagement
Authors: Shreiber Maeera Y.
Published: April 2019

An award-winning poet, an accomplished Talmudist, and a frequent contributor to the pages ofHaaretz,Admiel Kosman is hardly new to the scene of contemporary Hebrew letters. However, his work only recently became accessible to English readers when the first translated volume of his poetry appeared in 2011. Reading his work within the context of Martin Buber, whom Kosman regards as his “rebbe,” one discovers a profound challenge to principles of relation—political as well as personal—that are grounded in fixed categories of identity and belonging. Drawing upon the Song of Songs, which whispers throughout his work, Kosman offers us a strong counterresponse to the dominant model of the lyric monologue, with a poetics that aspires towards the dialogic.
Quelle langue parlait Toussaint Louverture ?
Authors: Girard Philippe R.
Published: April 2019

Cet article tente de recréer la langue des révolutionnaires haïtiens, plus particulièrement celle de Toussaint Louverture, à l’aide des témoignages de ses contemporains, des lettres rédigées par d’anciens esclaves et du mémoire qu’il écrivit peu avant sa mort. Une analyse détaillée de ces sources faisant appel à l’histoire et à la linguistique montre que Louverture privilégiait le français à l’écrit, qu’il cantonnait le kreyòl à un rôle oral (surtout quand il s’adressait aux classes laborieuses) et qu’il n’utilisait que très rarement la langue ewe-fon de ses ancêtres aradas. Son mémoire suggère que le kreyòl haïtien, à qui certains linguistes attribuent des origines africaines, fut davantage influencé par des prononciations anciennes, populaires, ou régionales du français. La préférence de Louverture pour le français renforce aussi les thèses qui font de lui un personnage modéré et très influencé par le modèle métropolitain.
Analysis of Broadband Seismic Recordings of Landslide Using Empirical Green's Function
Authors: Zhang Zhen , He Siming
Published: April 2019

The 2010 Mount Meager landslide generated strong seismic waves. We used seismic signals generated by a smaller landslide that occurred within 2 min of the end of the main landslide as the empirical Green's function (EGF) with which to obtain landslide dynamics from high‐frequency signals. We then obtained the apparent force‐time function of the landslide based on the EGF by inverting the higher‐frequency seismic signals. The apparent force‐time function shows that the source material of the main landslide came from four collapses and that the second collapse involved multiple small collapses. We also used the EGF to simulate the vertical seismogram recorded at one station and found that the synthesized seismogram fits the response of the bulk mobilization of the sliding materials remarkably well. Our study demonstrates that the use of the EGF can significantly broaden quantitative insights into landslide dynamics.
Curie Temperature Enhancement and Cation Ordering in Titanomagnetites: Evidence From Magnetic Properties, XMCD, and Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Authors: Bowles J. A. , Lappe S.‐C. L. L. , Jackson M. J. , Arenholz E. , van der Laan G.
Published: April 2019

Previous work has documented time‐ and temperature‐dependent variations in the Curie temperature (Tc) of natural titanomagnetites, independent of any changes in sample composition. To better understand the atomic‐scale processes responsible for these variations, we have generated a set of synthetic titanomagnetites with a range of Ti, Mg, and Al substitution; a subset of samples was additionally oxidized at low temperature (150 °C). Samples were annealed at temperatures between 325 and 400 °C for up to 1,000 hr and characterized in terms of magnetic properties; Fe valence and site occupancy were constrained by X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Annealing results in large (up to ~100 °C) changes in Tc, but Mössbauer, XMCD, and saturation magnetization data all demonstrate that intersite reordering of Fe2+/Fe3+ does not play a role in the observed Tc changes. Rather, the data are consistent with vacancy‐enhanced nanoscale chemical clustering within the octahedral sublattice. This clustering may be a precursor to chemical unmixing at temperatures below the titanomagnetite binary solvus. Additionally, the data strongly support a model where cation vacancies are predominantly situated on octahedral sites, Mg substitution is largely accommodated on octahedral sites, and Al substitution is split between the two sites.
Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Satellite‐Derived Photosynthetically Available Radiation Over the Tropical Oceans
Authors: Tan J. , Frouin R.
Published: April 2019

The seasonal and interannual variability of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) over the tropical oceans is examined using satellite imagery acquired from 1997 to 2017. Spatial and temporal biases between monthly PAR estimates from different instruments are determined and corrected, resulting in a consistent time series over the 20‐year record. Uncertainty is evaluated in comparisons with in situ measurements at various sites. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is performed with both seasonal and nonseasonal PAR signals, and linear trends are quantified. Seasonal cycles dominate PAR variability, with the first three seasonal EOF modes explaining 84.7% of the total variance. The seasonal patterns are related to solar position and monsoon. Canonical El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Modoki ENSO are related to the two leading nonseasonal EOF modes, with a correlation coefficient of 0.84 between the first mode and the multivariate ENSO index and of 0.48 between the second mode and the El Niño Modoki index. Trend analysis reveals that PAR tends to decrease by 0.2%/year in the central Pacific north of the equator and to increase by 0.2%/year in the central Pacific around 5°S. The tendency is also for PAR to increase west of Central and South America. These changes are consistent with patterns of cloud change evidenced in the satellite cloud record and predicted by global climate models. The long‐term satellite PAR data set, together with information of nutrient availability and temperature, enables further studies to elucidate the causes of phytoplankton variability in the tropical oceans.
Fixation Characteristics in Highly Myopic Eyes: the Shanghai High Myopia Study
Authors: Zhu Xiangjia , He Wenwen , Zhang Keke , Zhang Yinglei , Fan Qi , Lu Yi
Published: April 2019

We enrolled 500 highly myopic eyes and 50 controls in this hospital-based prospective cohort study. The fixation ellipse angle and area in terms of the bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) were measured with Macular Integrity Assessment microperimetry. Optic disc tilt and rotation were evaluated with retinal images. The associations between fixation and optic disc changes were assessed. Both 63% and 95% BCEA correlated positively with axial length (AL) (both r = 0.230, P = 0.001) in highly myopic group, and were significantly higher than the control group (both P < 0.001). The direction of fixation ellipse presented clockwise rotation in the right eyes and anti-clockwise rotation in the left eyes with the increase of AL in highly myopic group (AL ≥30 vs <30 mm: OD 76.12 ± 51.17°: vs 90.60° ± 51.28°, P = 0.029; OS 94.73 ± 57.45° vs 87.82 ± 55.15°, P = 0.371). The angle between the long axis of the fixation ellipse and the long axis of the optic disc (AngleF−D) distributed in various directions: 0–30° (34.6% almost parallel) ≈60–90° (34.4% almost vertical) >30–60° (31% oblique). AngleF−D increased slightly with the AL (r = 0.105, P = 0.024). In highly myopic eyes, fixation stability decreased with the AL, and superior rotation of the fixation ellipse increased with AL. The long axis of fixation ellipse and the long axis of optic disc became less parallel to each other with increasing AL. Our data may provide clues for improvement of fixation evaluation designs of biometric instruments.
Successive four-phase liquid separation using hierarchical microcube-nanohole structure and controlled surface wettability meshes
Authors: Woo Seeun , Hwang Woonbong
Published: April 2019

The chemical industry needs filter systems with selective wetting properties for environmental protection and effective liquid separation. Current liquid-separation systems are mainly based on the surface energy of the meshes used to separate liquid particles; the smaller the difference between the surface tension of the liquids to be separated, the lower the separation efficiency of these systems. Sophisticated control of the surface wettability of a separation system is necessary to separate liquids with small differences in their surface tension. We precisely adjusted the surface-energy threshold of aluminium meshes used for separation by simply coating their hierarchical microcube and nanohole structures with different materials. We also applied patterning technology to create a single mesh with a heterogeneous distribution of surface tension to successively separate four liquids. Under the force of gravity, the hybrid system of meshes effectively separated the mixture of four liquids, yielding a perfect collection rate (≥98%) and high content ratio (≥96%). Even multiphase mixtures of immiscible liquids with surface tension differences as small as 10.4 mN/m could be effectively separated. Thus, multiphase liquid-separation systems can be used for the efficient and economical separation of various liquid mixtures in many industrial and environmental fields.
Polypharmacology of epacadostat: a potent and selective inhibitor of the tumor associated carbonic anhydrases IX and XII
Authors: Angeli Andrea , Ferraroni Marta , Nocentini Alessio , Selleri Silvia , Gratteri Paola , Supuran Claudiu T. , Carta Fabrizio
Published: April 2019

Epacadostat (EPA), a selective indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor, has been investigatedin vitroas a human (h) Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (CAI).
Construction and optimization of microbial cell factories for sustainable production of bioactive dammarenediol-II glucosides
Authors: Hu Zong-Feng , Gu An-Di , Liang Lan , Li Yan , Gong Ting , Chen Jing-Jing , Chen Tian-Jiao , Yang Jin-Ling , Zhu Ping
Published: April 2019

A green and sustainable approach is established by metabolic engineering for industrial production of bioactive dammarenediol-II glucosides.
A label-free ratiometric fluorescence nanoprobe for ascorbic acid based on redox-modulated dual-emission signals
Authors: Sheng Yuhao , Cao Tingwei , Xiao Yan , Zhang Xiuhua , Wang Shengfu , Liu Zhihong
Published: April 2019

A label-free ratiometric fluorescence nanoprobe for ascorbic acid detection was constructed and applied in bioimaging in HeLa cells.
Rolling circle amplification-mediated in situ synthesis of palladium nanoparticles for the ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of microRNA
Authors: Zhang Cuiling , Li Dan , Li Dongwei , Wen Kai , Yang Xingdong , Zhu Ye
Published: April 2019

An ultrasensitive and label-free electrochemical biosensor for microRNA was developed based on rolling circle amplification-mediated palladium nanoparticles.
Design and application of a fluorescent probe based on ESIPT mechanism for the detection of Cys witho-hydroxyacetophenone structure
Authors: Han Cuiyan , Song Bo , Liang Xin , Pan Hong , Dong Wei
Published: April 2019

In this paper, a novel fluorescent probe DHOA based on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) principle was designed, prepared, and then applied to quantitative measurement and cell imaging of cysteine (Cys).
Dual nickel- and photoredox-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of aryl vinyl halides and unactivated tertiary alkyl bromides
Authors: Yu Weijie , Chen Long , Tao Jiasi , Wang Tao , Fu Junkai
Published: April 2019

A reductive cross-coupling via photoredox/nickel dual catalysis produces vinyl arene derivatives bearing all-carbon quaternary centers with excellent E-selectivity.
Novel metal–organic framework materials: blends, liquids, glasses and crystal–glass composites
Authors: Tuffnell Joshua M. , Ashling Christopher W. , Hou Jingwei , Li Shichun , Longley Louis , Ríos Gómez María Laura , Bennett Thomas D.
Published: April 2019

ThisFeature Articlereviews a range of amorphisation mechanisms of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and presents recent advances to produce novel MOF materials including porous MOF glasses, MOF crystal–glass composites, flux melted MOF glasses and blended zeolitic imidazolate framework glasses.
Phase transition of spiropyrans: impact of isomerization dynamics at high temperatures
Authors: Gerkman Mihael A. , Yuan Shichen , Duan Pu , Taufan Jennifer , Schmidt-Rohr Klaus , Han Grace G. D.
Published: April 2019

Temperature-dependent isomerization dynamics between spiropyran and merocyanine forms strongly impact the phase transition of molecular switches.
A kinetic resolution strategy for the synthesis of chiral octahedral NHC–iridium(iii) catalysts
Authors: Manguin Romane , Pichon Delphine , Tarrieu Robert , Vives Thomas , Roisnel Thierry , Dorcet Vincent , Crévisy Christophe , Miqueu Karinne , Favereau Ludovic , Crassous Jeanne , Mauduit Marc , Baslé Olivier
Published: April 2019

The transmetalation reaction of a chiral-bidentate NHC–silver complex to racemic [lr(μ-Cl)(ppy)2]2 operates with kinetic resolution leading to chiral octahedral NHC–iridium(iii) complexes and enantio-enriched bis-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes.
Bottom-up synthesis of iron and nitrogen dual-doped porous carbon nanosheets for efficient oxygen reduction
Authors: Du Peng , Ma Fei-Xiang , Lyu Fucong , He Kangqiang , Li Zebiao , Lu Jian , Li Yang Yang
Published: April 2019

Iron and nitrogen co-doped porous carbon nanosheets were fabricated with great convenience for efficient electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction.
Toward fast and accurate ab initio calculation of magnetic exchange in polynuclear lanthanide complexes
Authors: Hallmen Philipp P. , Werner Hans-Joachim , Kats Daniel , Lenz Samuel , Rauhut Guntram , Stoll Hermann , van Slageren Joris
Published: April 2019

We present an efficient ab initio methodology to calculate magnetic exchange between lanthanide ions beyond density functional theory including dynamical correlation.
Unraveling the molecular conformations of a single ruthenium complex adsorbed on the Ag(111) surface by calculations
Authors: Benjalal Youness , Bonvoisin Jacques , Bouju Xavier
Published: April 2019

Calculations have revealed the adsorption properties of the tris(dibenzoylmethanato)ruthenium (Ru(dbm)3) molecule on Ag(111).
Correlating magnetic anisotropy with the subtle coordination geometry variation of a series of cobalt(ii)-sulfonamide complexes
Authors: Wu Tao , Zhai Yuan-Qi , Deng Yi-Fei , Chen Wei-Peng , Zhang Tao , Zheng Yan-Zhen
Published: April 2019

The distortion degree from the ideal tetrahedral geometry has been correlated with the zero-field splitting parameter in a series of mononuclear cobalt(ii)-sulfonamide complexes with a CoN4 coordination environment.
Dietary exposure to silver nitrate compared to two forms of silver nanoparticles in rainbow trout: bioaccumulation potential with minimal physiological effects
Authors: Clark Nathaniel J. , Boyle David , Eynon Benjamin P. , Handy Richard D.
Published: April 2019

Overall, fish showed more Ag accumulation from AgNO3 and Ag NP exposures compared to the Ag2S NP treatment.
Highly chemo- and regioselective C–P cross-coupling reaction of quinone imine ketals with Ar2P(O)H to construct ortho-amino triarylphosphine derivatives
Authors: Liu Teng , Li Yongqin , Cheng Feixiang , Shen Xianfu , Liu Jianjun , Lin Jun
Published: April 2019

The first highly selective C–P cross-coupling reaction of QIKs with Ar2P(O)H to construct ortho-amino triarylphosphine derivatives has been developed. Furthermore, a series of functionalized organophosphorus were accomplished.
Accessory-free quantitative smartphone imaging of colorimetric paper-based assays
Authors: Kong Tian , You Jae Bem , Zhang Biao , Nguyen Brian , Tarlan Farhang , Jarvi Keith , Sinton David
Published: April 2019

We show an accessory-free smartphone-based imaging method applicable to different lighting conditions and correct for differences in phone models.