bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fluoride Toxicity on Some Haematological Indices in Human Population
Authors: Sonali Dhawas  , Varsha Dhurvey  , Rashmi Urkude
Published: January 2022

The present study aimed to determine the toxicity of Fluoride on haematological indices in some population residing in fluoride endemic area of Dongergaon village of Chandrapur district, Maharashtra, India. The study group was selected on the basis of elevated level of serum fluoride and symptoms of skeletal fluorosis. Various haematological parameters such as Hb, TEC, TLC, HCT and PLT count were analysed. Students t-test was applied for statistical analysis and the result showed that values of haematological indices in study group were significantly declined as compared to control group. The outcomes of the present study indicated the reduction in Hb, TEC, HCT, increase in TLC and non-significant change in PLT.
Cyber Security : Techniques and Perspectives on Transforming - A Review
Authors: Shruti Sunil Ajankar  , Aditi Rajesh Nimodiya
Published: January 2022

Cyber Security is the protection of computer systems and networks from information disclosure, theft of or damage to their hardware, software, or electronic data, as well as from the disruption or misdirection of the services they provide. So basically it is the application of technologies, processes and controls to protect systems, networks, programs, devices and data from cyber attacks. It aims to reduce the risks of cyber attacks and protect against the unauthorized exploitation of systems, networks and technologies. Whenever we think about the cyber security the first thing that comes to our mind is ‘cyber crimes’ which are increasing immensely day by day. Various Governments and companies are taking many measures in order to prevent these cyber crimes. Besides various measures cyber security is still a very big concern to many. This paper mainly focuses on some of the techniques and perspectives on transforming the cyber security. Here we have discussed a new posture for cyber security in a networked world which explains how companies can use organizational structure and governance to enhance cyber security protections.
Transition from Modernism to Postmodernism in Urban Planning and Architecture
Authors: Zhao Yinuo
Published: January 2022

From the middle of the 20th century to the end of the 20th century, modernism made its transition to postmodernism in a gradual manner. This paper, starting from the connotation of modernism to postmodernism, sorts out the main evolution and transition of modernism and modernism in the field of urban planning and architecture. Later on, analysis is made in this paper on the difference and complementarity from modernism to postmodernism and discusses the contemporary continuity of its spirit.
"Not Resembling" in Ni Zan's Landscape
Authors: Cao Hao
Published: January 2022

This essay will discuss the extent to which Ni Zan puts "not resembling" into practice in his landscape paintings, considering the modular aspects of Ni Zan's work. Firstly, the compositions depicted in Ni's and later imitators' work will be analyzed and compared. Then, the brushworks of Ni will be closely observed by selecting individual objects from several paintings. And finally, the author engages with textual research on Ni's painting theories.
Emotions and Modern Psychology Studies: Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medical Theories in Seven Emotions
Authors: Zheng Yufan , Ju Baozhao
Published: January 2022

Objective — To summarize the concept of the Seven Emotions Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the characteristics of the disease, and the influence on the viscera, combined with the research results of modern psychology, this paper studies the etiology and pathogenesis of the Seven Emotions from the perspective of psychology to achieve the purpose of guiding clinical practice. Methods — Through consulting a large number of documents, analyze and understand the meaning of Seven Emotions Theory. By analyzing the emotion-related arguments of the mainstream schools of modern psychology, the basic emotion theory and the relationship between the Seven Emotions of TCM, the concept of TCM sentiment, and the relationship between TCM sentiment and basic emotions are explained. Through the systematic analysis of emotions, explore the relationship between the seven emotions of Chinese medicine. Results — Through research on the development of the Seven Emotions Theory and its etiology, pathogenesis, emotional disease syndromes, and emotional therapy in Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine (Huangdi Neijing) and other historical documents, we can discuss the significance of the Seven Emotions theory systematically comb the theory, and hope to guide clinical practice.Conclusion — In clinical diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by emotions, it is advisable to consider the mutual influence of multi-emotional factors, whether it is a disease with other emotions, and whether multiple organs are injured, so as to better diagnose and treat disease syndromes.
An Analysis of the Development Path of Institutional Research Facing University Data Governance — Based on the Enlightenment from Institutional Research of University of California
Authors: Chen Xiaoru , Zhou Xiaodan
Published: January 2022

In the context of university data governance, the orientation of institutional research in China is to provide data support and services based on decision-making scenarios. The content and process of work are closely related to data. The research fields specifically involve university students and other affairs in teaching, teacher management, resource management and planning, policy, management and so on. At present, with the continuous improvement of the level of data governance in colleges and universities, the development of institutional research in colleges and universities is mainly faced with problems such as insufficient data awareness, poor data quality and lack of data sharing platform. Therefore, universities should attach importance to top-level design and establish "data-driven decision-making" mechanism, create a data culture and develop data-related standards, build comprehensive database and build data sharing platform.
Literacy Challenges in Rural China
Authors: Liu Jingting
Published: January 2022

This article discusses the obstacles encountered in the process of literacy in rural China. Although China's overall literacy rate is high, there is a huge literacy rate gap between urban and rural areas. On this basis, this article explores the factors affecting the literacy rate in rural China, and concludes that the main factors are financial status, gender differences, health challenges, and policy interventions.
A Study on the Difficulties and Countermeasures of Sino-foreign Cooperation in Running Schools in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Ge Rui
Published: January 2022

The dilemma of Sino-foreign cooperation in running schools in colleges and universities is reflected in the disharmony between the objectives of cooperative running schools, curriculum arrangement, different levels of students' competence and curriculum difficulty. colleges need to strengthen the system construction, supervise Sino-foreign cooperation in running schools, formulate scientific and reasonable teaching plans and management methods, and strengthen the construction of teaching team of introduced courses. Scientifically and reasonably formulate enrollment standards, and strengthen the construction of the Management Committee of Chinese foreign cooperation in running schools.
A Study on the Application of Teacher Feedback Language in Middle School English Class
Authors: Chen Limei
Published: January 2022

Teacher feedback language has a very significant impact on students' learning. Appropriate feedback language will promote students' learning motivation, arouse students' interest in learning, and have a positive role in promoting students' language ability development. However, in middle school English classrooms, many teachers do not pay attention to the role of feedback language, ignore the positive feedback to students or lack the application skills of feedback and students do not participate in classroom communication, and lose interest in English. This article proposes corresponding improvement measures in response to the current problems in the application of teacher feedback in middle school English classrooms.
How Harmful Is the Commercialization of Higher Education for the Academic and Social Environment?
Authors: Gao Meixue
Published: January 2022

The commercial market for higher education in Europe is expanding as governments cut spending on universities in the wake of the 2008 global economic crisis, and universities must be self-sufficient to survive. This commercialization is mainly reflected in the fact that universities begin to pay more attention to fund accumulation rather than improving academic value. With the continuous increase of tuition fees in colleges and universities, students are regarded as consumers and universities are essential commodities needed by consumers. Although commercialization of higher education has some beneficial aspects, such as more funds for schools to provide students with more advanced equipment and more comfortable learning environment, overall, the threat of commercialization to academic quality and social environment cannot be compensated for by those advantages. This paper aims to find out the two main reasons for the commercialization of higher education and the three threats to the social and academic environment brought by the marketing of higher education. Also, the paper also puts forward corresponding solutions for the three major risks; the two reasons analyzed in this paper are mainly the economic crisis and the development of globalization. The three threats are mainly aimed at the teaching quality of educational value and the financial pressure of students. At the same time, the paper gives three corresponding solutions to the threats. This paper argues that the commercialization of higher education severely hinders the improvement of educational value, reduces teaching quality, and brings heavy pressure to students' economy, which directly hinders the healthy development of higher education. If higher education institutions can adopt corresponding strategies to mitigate the threat of commercialization, the commercialization market of higher education may bring many opportunities for the development of higher education industry.
Value Orientation and Strategy Analysis of Financial Management of Modern Enterprises
Authors: Tan Zhenghao
Published: January 2022

Financial management serves as an important part of modern enterprise management, which plays an important role in improving capital strength of enterprise, improving resource allocation and comprehensive benefits of enterprise. In view of the importance of financial management, enterprises should clarify the value orientation of financial management, optimize the choice of financial management strategies to improve the efficiency and effect of financial management. This paper initially and systematically introduces the scientific connotation of modern enterprise financial management, expounding the value orientation of modern enterprise financial management, and finally the effective strategies of modern enterprise financial management is analyzed in order to help enterprises better carry out financial management activities.
Analysis of Agricultural and Rural Work in Changyi City.
Authors: Wei Yong
Published: January 2022

Agriculture is the basic industry of economic and social development, and agricultural and rural work is an important work related to the safety of food rations, increasing farmers' income, improving living environment, inheriting Chinese culture and promoting social harmony and stability. Focusing on the agricultural and rural work in Changyi City, this paper systematically introduces the experience of agricultural and rural work in Changyi from four aspects: industrial "quality improvement", environmental "optimization", cultural "inheritance" and governance "standardization". And the future development of agricultural and rural work is prospected.
Research on the Path of Agriculture-related Higher Vocational Colleges in Serving the "Belt and Road" Initiative
Authors: Zhang Xiaochuan
Published: January 2022

Under the background of vigorous promotion of "Building a community with a shared future for mankind" and the "Belt and Road" Initiative, the international exchanges and cooperation of higher vocational colleges in China are embracing new opportunities and challenges. By studying the policy basis of agriculture-related vocational colleges serving the "Belt and Road" Initiative, this paper analyzes the current situation of agriculture-related vocational colleges serving the "Belt and Road" Initiative. The aim is to make explorations on ways for agriculture-related higher vocational colleges to serve the Belt and Road Initiative from the aspects of connotation construction, cooperation platform innovation, international production capacity cooperation, overseas student training, standard output, overseas education, technical training, and characteristic building.
PENGEMBANGAN KREATIVITAS ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN MELALUI MEDIA GERABAH
Authors: Ulfa  , Winarti
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the creativity of children through pottery media. Researchers take action in an effort to improve children's creative abilities through the method of playing with natural materials of clay. Researchers took natural clay as a playing medium because clay is safe for children, easy to obtain, does not pollute the environment, and from this clay media can produce products such as pottery (various kinds of household utensils, piggy banks, flower pots), tiles and stones. brick. Meanwhile, the scope of this research is limited to the influence of pottery media on the creative development of children aged 5-6 years in Dharma Wanita Ngumpakdalem Kindergarten. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. Meanwhile, the type of research that will be used by researchers is descriptive research. The data collection technique used by researchers is to use observation, discussion and documentation. The results of the research on the creativity of children in class B of Dharma Wanita Numpakdalem Kindergarten showed good development, this was evident from the total number of students who were able to participate in these activities were 100% (15 children). Besides that, it can be seen from the enthusiasm, interest, and enthusiasm of students in playing clay activities to make pottery
Postharvest Delay of Fruit Ripening by Metabolites of Anaerobic Respiration: Acetaldehyde and Ethanol
Authors: Pesis Edna , Saltveit Mikal
Published: January 2022

The use of pretreatments for 24 h prior to storage, under anaerobic condtions, or in the presence of the natural metabolic products, acetaldehyde (AA) and ethanol, to delay fruit ripening, was found to be effective with several climacteric fruits, among them avocado, mango, peach and tomato. The delay in ripening of avocado, peach and tomato was accompanied by inhibition of ethylene production and of fruit softening. The maintenance of fruit firmness was associated with a decrease in the activities of cell-wall-degrading enzymes, including endoglucanases (Cx), polygalacturonases (PG) and b-galactosidases. In peaches the AA- and N2-treated fruits were firmer after 3 weeks storage and contained higher amount of insoluble pectin than untreated controls. We showed that AA vapors are able to inhibit ripening, ethylene production and ethylene induction in the presence of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ADD) in avocado and mango tissue. Ethylene induced by ACC is taken as an indicator of ACC oxidase activity. ACC oxidase activity in AA-treated avocado fruit was much lower than in the untreated fruit. In carnation flowers very little ethylene was produced by ethanol-treated flowers, and the normal increases in ACC content and ACC oxidase activity were also suppressed. Using kinetic studies and inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), we showed that AA, not ethanol, was the active molecule in inhibiting ripening of tomato fruit. Application of anaerobiosis or anaerobic metabolites was effective in reduction of chilling injury (CI) in various plant tissues. Pretreatment with a low-O2 atmosphere reduced CI symptoms in avocado; this effect was associated with higher content of the free sylfhydryl (SH) group, and induction of the detoxification enzymes, catalase and peroxidase. Application of AA maintained firmer and brighter pulp tissue (non-oxidative), which was associated with higher free SH content, lower ethylene and ACC oxidase activities, and higher activities of catalase and peroxidase. Ethanol was found to reduce CI in other plant tissue. In roots of 24-h-old germinated cucumber seeds, exposure to 0.4-M ethanol shock for 4 h reduced chilling-induced ion leakage. In cucumber cotyledons it appears that alcohols may reduce CI by inducing stomata closure. In cotyledon discs held in N2 at 10C for 1 day, there accumulated sufficient endogenously synthesized ethanol to confer tolerance to chilling at 2.5C for 5 days.
Biochemical and Physiological Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in Unicellular Algae with Special Emphasis on W-3 Very Long Chain Lipids
Authors: Sukenik Assaf , Roessler Paul , Ohlrogge John
Published: January 2022

Various unicellular algae produce omega-3 (w3) very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA), which are rarely found in higher plants. In this research and other studies from our laboratories, it has been demonstrated that the marine unicellular alga Nannochloropsis (Eustigmatophyceae) can be used as a reliable and high quality source for the w3 VLC-PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This alga is widely used in mariculture systems as the primary component of the artificial food chain in fish larvae production, mainly due to its high EPA content. Furthermore, w3 fatty acids are essential for humans as dietary supplements and may have therapeutic benefits. The goal of this research proposal was to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms which regulate the synthesis and accumulation of glycerolipids enriched with w3 VLC-PUFA in Nannochloropsis. The results of our studies demonstrate various aspects of lipid synthesis and its regulation in the alga: 1. Variations in lipid class composition imposed by various environmental conditions were determined with special emphasis on the relative abundance of the molecular species of triacylglycerol (TAG) and monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG). 2. The relationships between the cellular content of major glycerolipids (TAG and MGDG) and the enzymes involved in their synthesis were studied. The results suggested the importance of UDP-galactose diacylglycerol galactosyl (UDGT) in regulation of the cellular level of MGDG. In a current effort we have purified UDGT several hundredfold from Nannochloropsis. It is our aim to purify this enzyme to near homogeneity and to produce antibodies against this enzyme in order to provide the tools for elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate this enzyme and carbon allocation into galactolipids. 3. Our in vitro and in vivo labeling studies indicated the possibility that phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are associated with desaturation of the structural lipids, whereas shorter chain saturated fatty acids are more likely to be incorporated into TAG. 4. Isolation of several putative mutants of Nannochloropsis which appear to have different lipid and fatty acid compositions than the wild type; a mutant of a special importance that is devoid of EPA was fully characterized. In addition, we could demonstrate the feasibility of Nannochloropsis biomass production for aquaculture and human health: 1) We demonstrated in semi-industrial scale the feasibility of mass production of Nannochloropsis biomass in collaboration with the algae plant NBT in Eilat; 2) Nutritional studies verified the importance algal w3 fatty acids for the development of rats and demonstrated that Nannochloropsis biomass fed to pregnant and lactating rats can benefit their offspring.
Induced Plant Cell Wall Modifications: Use of Plant Cells with Altered Walls to Study Wall Structure, Growth and Potential for Genetic Modification
Authors: Delmer Deborah , Carpita Nicholas , Marcus Abraham
Published: January 2022

Our previous work indicated that suspension-cultured plant cells show remarkable flexibility in altering cell wall structure in response either to growth on saline medium or in the presence of the cellulose synthesis inhibitor 2,-6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB). We have continued to analyze the structure of these modified cell walls to understand how the changes modify wall strength, porosity, and ability to expand. The major load-bearing network in the walls of DCB-adapted dicot cells that lack a substantial cellulose-xyloglucan network is comprised of Ca2+-bridged pectates; these cells also have an unusual and abundant soluble pectic fraction. By contrast, DCB-adapted barley, a graminaceous monocot achieves extra wall strength by enhanced cross-linking of its non-cellulosic polysaccharide network via phenolic residues. Our results have also shed new light on normal wall stucture: 1) the cellulose-xyloglucan network may be independent of other wall networks in dicot primary walls and accounts for about 70% of the total wall strength; 2) the pectic network in dicot walls is the primary determinant of wall porosity; 3) both wall strength and porosity in graminaceous monocot primary walls is greatly influenced by the degree of phenolic cross-linking between non-cellulosic polysaccharides; and 4) the fact that the monocot cells do not secrete excess glucuronoarabinoxylan and mixed-linked glucan in response to growth on DCB, suggests that these two non-cellulosic polymers do not normally interact with cellulose in a manner similar to xyloglucan. We also attempted to understand the factors which limit cell expansion during growth of cells in saline medium. Analyses of hydrolytic enzyme activities suggest that xyloglucan metabolism is not repressed during growth on NaCl. Unlike non-adapted cells, salt-adapted cells were found to lack pectin methyl esterase, but it is not clear how this difference could relate to alterations in wall expansibility. Salt-adaped cell walls contain reduced hyp and secrete two unique PRPP-related proteins suggesting that high NaCl inhibits the cross-linking of these proteins into the walls, a finding that might relate to their altered expansibility.
Reduction in Pesticide Use in Plant Disease Control by Integration of Chemical and Non-Chemical Factors
Authors: Shtienberg Dan , Fry William , Dinoor Amos , Zitter Thomas , Kafkafi Uzi
Published: January 2022

The long term goal of this research project was to improve control efficiency of Alternaria diseases while reducing fungicide use, by integration of chemical and non-chemical factors. Non-chemical factors were genotype resistance, age-related resistance and fertilizers. The Specific objectives were: 1) To quantify changes in resistance among genotypes and over time in terms of disease development and specific phases of the disease cycle; 2) To quantify the effects of fertilizers applied to the foliage alone, or in combination with a fungicide, on disease development; 3) To quantify the relative contribution of genotype resistance, age-related resistance and fungicide type to the reduction of disease development; 4) To develop a strategy for integration of chemical and non-chemical factors which will achieve optimal disease suppression. The influence of physiological age of cotton plants and of the individual leaves, on disease incidence and on the rate of lesion expansion of A. macrospora was examined on leaves sampled from the field. Both parameters increased with the physiological age of individual leaves but were not affected by the age of the whole plant. The hypothesis that enrichment of the foliage with nitrogen and potassium may enhance host resistance to Alternaria and thus reduce disease severity, was examined for potato and tomato (A. solani ) and for cotton (A. macrospora ). Under controlled environment conditions, application of urea or KNO3 resulted in some reduction in disease development; however, foliar application of both nutrients (8-10 sprays in total) did not affect Alternaria severity in the field. Systemic fungicides against Alternaria (e.g. , tebuconazole and difenoconazole) are more effective than the commonly used protectant fungicides (e.g. mancozeb and chlorothalonil). Concepts for the integration of genotype resistance, age-related resistances and fungicide for the suppression of Alternaria diseases were developed and evaluated. It was found that reduction in host resistance, with age and among genotypes, can be compensated for by adjusting the intensity of fungicide applications, i.e. by increasing the frequency of sprays and by spraying systemic fungicides towards the end of the season. In, moderately resistant cultivars protection can be achieved by spraying at longer intervals than susceptible cultivars. The concepts for integration were evaluated in field trials for cotton, potatoes and tomatoes. By following these concepts it was possible to save up to five sprays out of 8-10 in a growing season.
Insect Specific Alpha Neurotoxins from Scorpion Venoms: Mode of Action and Structure-Function Relationships
Authors: Gurevitz Michael , Adams Michael , Zlotkin Eliahu
Published: January 2022

This study was motivated by the need to develop new means and approaches to the design of future, environmentally-safe, insecticides. Utilization of anti-insect selective toxins from scorpion venoms and clarification of the molecular basis for their specificity, are a major focus in this project and may have an applicative value. Our study concentrated on the highly insecticidal toxin, LqhaIT, and was devoted to: (I) Characterization of the neuropharmacological and electrophysiological features of this toxin. (II) Establishment of a genetic system for studying structure/activity relationships of the toxin. (III) Analysis of the insecticidal efficacy of an entomopathogenic baculovirus engineered and expressing LqhaIT. The results obtained in this project suggest that: 1) The receptor binding site of LqhaIT on insect sodium channels differs most likely from its analogous receptor site 3 on vertebrate sodium channels. 2) The effects of LqhaIT are presynaptic. Hyperexcitation at the neuromuscular results from dramatic slowing of sodium channel inactivation and enhanced peak sodium currents causes by LqhaIT. 3) The putative toxic surface of LqhaIT involves aromatic and charged amino acid residues located around the C-terminal region and five-residue-turn of the toxin (unpublished). 4) The anti-insect/anti-mammalian toxicity ratio can be altered by site-directed mutagenesis (publication 8). This effect was partly shown at the level of sodium channel function. 5) The insecticidal efficacy of AcNPV baculovirus increased to a great extent when infection was accompanied by expression of LqhaIT (publication 5).
Carotenoid-Rich Algal Biomass for Aquaculture: Astaxanthin Production by Haematococcus Pluvialis
Authors: Gantt Elisabeth , Vonshak Avigad , Boussiba Sammy , Cohen Zvi , Richmond Amos
Published: January 2022

The synthesis of carotenoids has been studied toward enhancing the production of ketocarotenoids, since fish and crustaceans raised by aquaculture require astaxanthin and other ketocaroteinoids in their feed for desirable pigmentation. Notable progress has been made in attaining the goals of determining improved conditions for ketocarotenoid production in Haematococcus pluvialis and in elucidating the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. For production of astaxanthin a number of strains of the green alga Haematococcus were evaluated, a strain CCAG was found to be optimal for photoautotrophic growth. Of four mutants, selected for enhanced carotenoid production, two hold considerable promise because caroteinoid accumulation occurs without encystment. The biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids was elucidated in photosynthetic organisms by characterizing novel genes encoding carotenoid enzymes and by examining the function of these enzymes in a bacterial complementation system. Two cyclases (b- and e-) were cloned that are at a critical branch point in the pathway. One branch leads to the formation of b-carotene and zeaxanthin and astaxanthin, and the other to the production of a-carotene and lutein. Cyclization of both endgroups of lycopene to yield b-carotene was shown to be catalyzed by a single gene product, b-lycopene cyclase in cyanobacteria and plants. The formation of a-carotene was found to require the e-cyclase gene product in addition to the b-cyclase. By cloning a b-hydroxylase gene we showed that a single gene product forms zeaxanthin by hydroxylatin of both b-carotene rings. It is expected that a second hydroxylase is required in the synthesis of astaxanthin, since canthaxanthin rather than zeaxanthin is the precursor. Evidence, from inhibitor studies, suggests that astaxanthin is formed from canthaxanthin and that b-carotene is a major precursor. Feasibility studies with the photobioreactors have shown that a two-stage system is the most practical, where Haematococcus cultures are first grown to high cell density and are then switched to high light for maximal astaxanthin production. The basic knowledge and molecular tools generated from this study will significantly enhance Haematococcus as a viable model for enhanced astaxanthin production.
Optimization of Postharvest Storage Conditions to Maintain Fruit Quality and Health Maintaining Properties of Grapefruit
Authors: Patil Bhimanagouda S. , Porat Ron , Jayaprakasha G.K. , Murthy K.N.C.
Published: January 2022

Antioxidant activity of fruits is gaining wide interest among consumers due to its importance in counteracting oxidative stress, free radicals and preventing DNA damage. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay is one of the commonly used assays to measure the antioxidant activity, which is based on hydrogen atom transfer mechanism. Furocoumarins present in grapefruit are reported to have antiproliferative activity, induce GST activity, inhibit biofilm formation and increase bioavailability of drugs. In the present project ORAC values were measured of Star Ruby grapefruit undergone ethylene degreening treatment, cold storage and temperature conditioning treatment, and modified atmosphere packaging which were stored at different temperatures for prolonged period. In addition, furocoumarins were quantified in Star Ruby grapefruits from cold storage and conditioning experiment conducted in Israel. Conditioning treatment is practiced prior cold storage to reduce chilling injury in grapefruits during cold storage for prolonged period. Levels of 6,7-dihyrdoxy bergamottin decreased during storage period in all three treatments.
Effect of pH Modulation and ROS Production by Postharvest Pathogens on Postharvest Disease Development
Authors: Prusky Dov , Dickman Martin , Fluhr Robert
Published: January 2022

Haim said not to enter anything.
Science-Based Monitoring for Produce Safety: Comparing Indicators and Pathogens in Water, Soil, and Crops
Authors: Gillor Osnat , Wuertz Stefan , Shapiro Karen , Bernstein Nirit , Miller Woutrina , Conrad Patricia , Herzberg Moshe
Published: January 2022

Using treated wastewater (TWW) for crop irrigation represents an important opportunity for ensuring adequate food production in light of growing freshwater scarcity worldwide. However, the environmentally sustainable approach of using TWW for irrigation can lead to contamination of produce with fecal pathogens that may remain in treated water. The overall goal of this research was to evaluate the correlation between the presence of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and that of a suite of human pathogens in TWW, the irrigated soil, and crops. Field experiments were conducted to compare secondary and tertiary TWW with dechlorinated tap water for irrigation of tomatoes, a typical commercial crop, in Israel, a semi-arid country. Human pathogens including bacteria (Salmonella), protozoa (Cryptosporidiumand Giardia), and viruses (Adenovirus [AV Types A, B, C & 40/41] and Enterovirus [EV71 subtypes]) were monitored in two field trials using a combination of microscopic, cultivation-based, and molecular (qPCR) techniques. Results from the field trials indicate that microbial contamination on the surface of tomatoes did not appear to be associated with the source of irrigated waters; FIB contamination was not statistically different on tomatoes irrigated with TWW as compared to tomatoes irrigated with potable water. In fact, Indicator bacteria testing did not predict the presence of pathogens in any of the matrices tested. High concentrations of FIB were detected in water and on tomato surfaces from all irrigation treatment schemes, while pathogen contamination on tomato surfaces (Cryptosporidiumand Salmonella) was only detected on crops irrigated with TWW. These results suggest that regular monitoring for pathogens should take place to accurately detect presence of harmful microorganisms that could threaten consumer safety. A notable result from our study is that the large numbers of FIB in the water did not appear to lead to FIB accumulation in the soil. With the exception of two samples, E. coli that was present at 10³ to 10⁴ cells/100 mL in the water, was not detected in the soil. Other bacterial targets associated with the enteric environment (e. g., Proteusspp.) as well as protozoal pathogens were detected in the TWW, but not in the soil. These findings suggest that significant microbial transfer to the soil from TWW did not occur in this study. The pattern of FIB contamination on the surfaces of tomatoes was the same for all treatment types, and showed a temporal effect with more contamination detected as the duration of the field trial increased. An important observation revealed that water quality dramatically deteriorated between the time of its release from the wastewater treatment plant and the time it was utilized for irrigation, highlighting the importance of performing water quality testing throughout the growing season at the cultivation site.
Dissecting interactions between root-knot nematode effectors and lipid signaling involved in plant defense
Authors: Brown Horowitz Sigal , Davis Eric L. , Elling Axel
Published: January 2022

Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogynespp., are extremely destructive pathogens with a cosmopolitan distribution and a host range that affects most crops. Safety and environmental concerns related to the toxicity of nematicides along with a lack of natural resistance sources threaten most crops in Israel and the U.S. This emphasizes the need to identify genes and signal mechanisms that could provide novel nematode control tactics and resistance breeding targets. The sedentary root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogynespp. secrete effectors in a spatial and temporal manner to interfere with and mimic multiple physiological and morphological mechanisms, leading to modifications and reprogramming of the host cells' functions, resulted in construction and maintenance of nematodes' feeding sites. For successful parasitism, many effectors act as immunomodulators, aimed to manipulate and suppress immune defense signaling triggered upon nematode invasion. Plant development and defense rely mainly on hormone regulation. Herein, a metabolomic profiling of oxylipins and hormones composition of tomato roots were performed using LC-MS/MS, indicating a fluctuation in oxylipins profile in a compatible interaction. Moreover, further attention was given to uncover the implication of WRKYs transcription factors in regulating nematode development. In addition, in order to identify genes that might interact with the lipidomic defense pathway induced by oxylipins, a RNAseq was performed by exposing M. javanicasecond-stage juveniles to tomato protoplast, 9-HOT and 13-KOD oxylipins. This transcriptome generated a total of 4682 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Being interested in effectors, we seek for DEGs carrying a predicted secretion signal peptide. Among the DEGs including signal peptide, several had homology with known effectors in other nematode species, other unknown potentially secreted proteins may have a role as root-knot nematodes' effectors which might interact with lipid signaling. The molecular interaction of LOX proteins with the Cyst nematode effectors illustrate the nematode strategy in manipulating plant lipid signals. The function of several other effectors in manipulating plant defense signals, as well as lipids signals, weakening cell walls, attenuating feeding site function and development are still being studied in depth for several novel effectors. As direct outcome of this project, the accumulating findings will be utilized to improve our understanding of the mechanisms governing critical life-cycle phases of the parasitic M. incognita RKN, thereby facilitating design of effective controls based on perturbation of nematode behavior—without producing harmful side effects. The knowledge from this study will promote genome editing strategies aimed at developing nematode resistance in tomato and other nematode-susceptible crop species in Israel and the United States.
Uncovering rumen microbiome components shaping feed efficiency in dairy cows
Authors: Mizrahi Itzhak , White Bryan A.
Published: January 2022

Ruminants provide human society with high quality food from non-human-edible resources, but their emissions negatively impact the environment via greenhouse gas production. The rumen and its resident microorganisms dictate both processes. The overall goal of this project was to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the rumen microbiome and the host animal's physiology, and if so, to isolate and examine the specific determinants that enable this causality. To this end, we divided the project into three specific parts: (1) determining the feed efficiency of 200 milking cows, (2) determining whether the feed- efficiency phenotype can be transferred by transplantation and (3) isolating and examining microbial consortia that can affect the feed-efficiency phenotype by their transplantation into germ-free ruminants. We finally included 1000 dairy cow metadata in our study that revealed a global core microbiome present in the rumen whose composition and abundance predicted many of the cows’ production phenotypes, including methane emission. Certain members of the core microbiome are heritable and have strong associations to cardinal rumen metabolites and fermentation products that govern the efficiency of milk production. These heritable core microbes therefore present primary targets for rumen manipulation towards sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. We then went beyond examining the metagenomic content, and asked whether microbes behave differently with relation to the host efficiency state. We sampled twelve animals with two extreme efficiency phenotypes, high efficiency and low efficiency where the first represents animals that maximize energy utilization from their feed whilst the later represents animals with very low utilization of the energy from their feed. Our analysis revealed differences in two host efficiency states in terms of the microbial expression profiles both with regards to protein identities and quantities. Another aim of the proposal was the cultivation of undescribed rumen microorganisms is one of the most important tasks in rumen microbiology. Our findings from phylogenetic analysis of cultured OTUs on the lower branches of the phylogenetic tree suggest that multifactorial traits govern cultivability. Interestingly, most of the cultured OTUs belonged to the rare rumen biosphere. These cultured OTUs could not be detected in the rumen microbiome, even when we surveyed it across 38 rumen microbiome samples. These findings add another unique dimension to the complexity of the rumen microbiome and suggest that a large number of different organisms can be cultured in a single cultivation effort. In the context of the grant, the establishment of ruminant germ-free facility was possible and preliminary experiments were successful, which open up the way for direct applications of the new concepts discovered here, prior to the larger scale implementation at the agricultural level.
Stability Analysis of SEIL Tuberculosis Epidemic Model with Logistic Growth in Susceptible Compartment
Authors: Harianto Joko
Published: January 2022

This article discusses modifications to the SEIL model that involve logistical growth. This model is used to describe the dynamics of the spread of tuberculosis disease in the population. The existence of the model's equilibrium points and its local stability depends on the basic reproduction number. If the basic reproduction number is less than unity, then there is one equilibrium point that is locally asymptotically stable. The equilibrium point is a disease-free equilibrium point. If the basic reproduction number ranges from one to three, then there are two equilibrium points. The two equilibrium points are disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium points. Furthermore, for this case, the endemic equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable.
The Water Quality and Nutrients Status in the Dungun River Basin, Terengganu
Authors: Uning Royston , Suratman Suhaimi , Bedurus Edmand Andrew , Md Nasir Fatin Adlina , Hock Seng Tan , Latif Mohd Talib , Mostapa Roslanzairi
Published: January 2022

This study investigated the spatial variation of nitrogen (N)-based and phosphorus (P)-based nutrients together with water quality parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids) in the Dungun River basin, Terengganu. The Water Quality Index (WQI) of the river was applied according to the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE-WQI) and classified based on the Malaysian National Water Quality Standard (NWQS). Results showed that the major source of nutrients and water quality deterioration in the basin was most likely due to the effluent discharged from the nearby palm oil factory. The overall WQI mean value obtained was 85.44%, which indicated that the Dungun River basin was in a clean condition and categorised into Class II based on the NWQS classification. The overall mean mass N:P ratio was 19.8:1 which indicated that the algal growth was generally controlled by the P-based nutrients. Based on this study, it is suggested continuous monitoring necessary to be carried out for proper management of this river basin.
Trends in clinical prediction models of stroke outcomes research outputs: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Mohammed Mustapha , Zainal Hadzliana , Ong Siew Chin , Abd Aziz Fatimatuzzahra’ , Sha'aban Abubakar , Mustapha Sagir , Looi Irene , Tangiisuran Balamurugan
Published: January 2022

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability globally. Clinical models have been reported to predict stroke outcomes and thus, potentially guide clinical decisions. This study aimed to describe the global trends of research in clinical prediction models of stroke outcomes. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on clinical prediction models of stroke outcomes publications reported in Scopus from 2010 to 2019. Bibliographic data were extracted, quantitatively analysed, and visualized using VOSviewer software. A total of 6,364 publications were included in the final analysis. The number of published studies had steadily increased since 2010. “Stroke” and “Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases” were the journal with the most publications and citations.  The most cited publications were by Lip et al. (2010) and Berkhemer et al. (2015). The United States of America (USA), China together with their institutions contributed most to the pool of publications in the field. Our study showed a steady increasing research activity in the clinical prediction of stroke outcomes since 2010, with saturation in recent years. The top articles were published in high-quality stroke-related journals and by high-income countries. There is a need to reinforce research capacities in the field by developing collaborative networks.
The Sensory Evaluation of Choy Sum (Brassica chinensis L. var. parachinensis) Grown with Mineral and Organic Fertiliser in Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Tan Jiunn Luh , Wong Ding Lin , Ong Mei Kying
Published: January 2022

Consumers perceive organic vegetables as better in taste and quality compared to conventional vegetables. Therefore, this study aims to determine the sensory difference of choy sum (Brassica chinensis L. var. parachinensis) grown with organic fertiliser and mineral fertiliser without the input of synthetic pesticides. A survey was carried out to determine Malaysian consumer sensory perception on organic and conventional leafy vegetables. The choy sum was planted in a Complete Randomised Block Design (CRBD), with input of organic fertiliser (T1, rate: 1500kg/4046m2) and mineral fertiliser (T2, rate: 63kg/4046m2) in a 7-day interval. It was harvested for sensory evaluation at maturity. Seventy-five untrained panellists were selected for the sensory test. The moisture content was analysed using oven drying method, while the sugar and colour analysis was carried out using a brix refractometer and a spectrophotometer, respectively. The survey confirmed that most consumers believe that the sensory attributes of organic vegetables are better than conventional vegetables. However, sensory evaluation shows that there is no significant difference (P > 0.05) in all sensory attributes tested except for greenness. T2 were significantly greener (P < 0.05) than T1. There were also no significant differences (P > 0.05) found between the treatments in the sugar, moisture and colour analysis.
PENULISAN SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW (SLR) PADA JURNAL TERINDEKS
Authors: Ekawati Anita Dewi , Ningsih Sri Kusuma , Suwartini Yati , C. Wenno Elda
Published: January 2022

Penulisan artikel dengan menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) banyak dijumpai pada jurnal terindeks. Hal ini berarti peluang untuk menerbitkan jurnal bertema SLR pada jurnal bereputasi sangat besar. Namun belum banyak calon penulis memahami cara penulisan SLR. Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) berjudul “Penulisan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) Pada Jurnal Terindeks” yang dilaksanakan melaui daring dengan menggunakan media zoom meeting pada 8 Juni 2021 diharapkan dapat membantu penulis artikel dalam memahami penulisan sehingga memudahkan penulis dalam mempublikasikan penulisannya pada jurnal terindeks.