bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Design of the Six-Wheel Steering System with Multiple Steering Modes
Authors: Bu Haixiang , Li Aijuan , Huang Xin , Li Wei , Wang Jian
Published: December 2021

Vehicles will face different working conditions during the use, and different working conditions have different requirements for vehicle functions, which results in many subdivided models. An off-road vehicle is a subdivision model produced to adapt to complex road conditions. In order to adapt to complex road conditions, vehicles should have a good passing ability, small size, and good flexibility. The six-wheeled vehicle has both good passing ability and small volume, which is the best choice for off-road vehicles. The design of the steering system becomes the key step to improve the flexibility of the six-wheeled vehicle. This paper mainly designs an independent steering system for a six-wheel electric vehicle with higher flexibility. The system is designed for six-wheel electric vehicles driven by six in-wheel motors. It mainly includes mechanical steering system and electronic control steering system. Both mechanical steering systems and electronic control steering system have multiple steering modes. Firstly, this paper introduces the various steering modes of the mechanical steering system and the electronic control steering system. Secondly, a CAD model is established by using the software Solidworks, and the system structure is introduced in detail combined with the CAD model. Finally, a kinematics model is established and calculated. The calculation results showed that the steering system can significantly improve the flexibility of the vehicle, so that the vehicle can complete the steering stably and quickly on complex road sections.
Optimizing the Construction of Multidimensional System of Entrepreneurship Education from the Perspective of the Second Classroom
Authors: Zhu Meng-Xi , Kim In-Jae , An Zhi-Quan
Published: December 2021

Construction of the entrepreneurial ability evaluation system based on the Communist Youth League’s second class is presented in this paper. Drawing on the advanced experience of foreign countries and in accordance with the requirements of UNESCO, the objectives of innovation and entrepreneurship education should be integrated into school education and teaching objectives, and the content, curriculum, and atmosphere of social entrepreneurship education should be highlighted, with the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education as the focus of practice. Combining the characteristics and advantages of all disciplines and disciplines, we will create an innovative and pioneering education system that integrates interyear, interdisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and distinctive features and infiltrates the entire process of cultivating outstanding professionals in various fields. Through entrepreneurship education, general education courses to guide students to focus more on professional courses pay more attention to the latest developments in professional fields and innovation thus optimizing their knowledge structure and cultivating their innovative thinking, entrepreneurial awareness, and professional competence
Investigation of Control Method for Connected-Automated Vehicle to Multiplex Dedicated Bus Lane
Authors: Xiu Wei-Jie , Wang Li , Guo Meng-Yang , Zhang Li-Li , Zhao Qi
Published: December 2021

Dedicated bus lanes (DBLs) have been widely utilized to ensure public transport priority. To improve overall road efficiency, various control methods of multiplexing DBL are developed and discussed. In this study, we focus on the control method which is based on the connected-automated vehicle (CAV) technology, and the proposed method is validated by using microscopic traffic simulation. The simulation results show that two proposed control methods of multiplexing DBL can reduce the average delay and the average number of stops and increase the travel speed. In comparison, the real-time control method based on the CAV technology offers better effects than the improved signal light control method.
Multipath Cross Graph Convolution for Knowledge Representation Learning
Authors: Tian Luogeng , Yang Bailong , Yin Xinli , Kang Kai , Wu Jing
Published: December 2021

In the past, most of the entity prediction methods based on embedding lacked the training of local core relationships, resulting in a deficiency in the end‐to‐end training. Aiming at this problem, we propose an end‐to‐end knowledge graph embedding representation method. It involves local graph convolution and global cross learning in this paper, which is called the TransC graph convolutional network (TransC‐GCN). Firstly, multiple local semantic spaces are divided according to the largest neighbor. Secondly, a translation model is used to map the local entities and relationships into a cross vector, which serves as the input of GCN. Thirdly, through training and learning of local semantic relations, the best entities and strongest relations are found. The optimal entity relation combination ranking is obtained by evaluating the posterior loss function based on the mutual information entropy. Experiments show that this paper can obtain local entity feature information more accurately through the convolution operation of the lightweight convolutional neural network. Also, the maximum pooling operation helps to grasp the strong signal on the local feature, thereby avoiding the globally redundant feature. Compared with the mainstream triad prediction baseline model, the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the computational complexity while achieving strong robustness. It also increases the inference accuracy of entities and relations by 8.1% and 4.4%, respectively. In short, this new method can not only effectively extract the local nodes and relationship features of the knowledge graph but also satisfy the requirements of multilayer penetration and relationship derivation of a knowledge graph.
A Novel Carbon Price Fluctuation Trend Prediction Method Based on Complex Network and Classification Algorithm
Authors: Xu Hua , Wang Minggang
Published: December 2021

Carbon price fluctuation is affected by both internal market mechanisms and the heterogeneous environment. Moreover, it is a complex dynamic evolution process. This paper focuses on carbon price fluctuation trend prediction. In order to promote the accuracy of the forecasting model, this paper proposes the idea of integrating network topology information into carbon price data; that is, carbon price data are mapped into a complex network through a visibility graph algorithm, and the network topology information is extracted. The extracted network topology structure information is used to reconstruct the data, which are used to train the model parameters, thus improving the prediction accuracy of the model. Five prediction models are selected as the benchmark model, and the price data of the EU and seven pilot carbon markets in China from June 19, 2014, to October 9, 2020, are chosen as the sample for empirical analysis. The research finds that the integration of network topology information can significantly improve the price trend prediction of the five benchmark models for the EU carbon market. However, there are great differences in the accuracy improvement effects of China’s seven pilot carbon market price forecasts. Moreover, the forecasting accuracy of the four carbon markets (i.e., Guangdong, Chongqing, Tianjin, and Shenzhen) has improved slightly, but the prediction accuracy of the carbon price trend in Beijing, Shanghai, and Hubei has not improved. We analyze the reasons leading to this result and offer suggestions to improve China’s pilot carbon market.
Development of Biomarker Signatures Associated with Anoikis to Predict Prognosis in Endometrial Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Chen Shan , Gu Jiamin , Zhang Qinfen , Hu Yan , Ge Yu
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To generate a signature based on anoikis-related genes (ARGs) for endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients and elucidate the molecular mechanisms in EC. Methods. On the basis of TCGA-UCEC dataset, we identified specific anoikis-related genes (ARGs) in EC. Cox-relative regression methods were used to generate an anoikis-related signature (ARS). The possible biological pathways of ARS-related genes were analyzed by GSEA. The clinical potency and immune status of ARS were analyzed by CIBERSORT method, ssGSEA algorithm, Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) analysis. Moreover, the expression patterns of ARS genes were verified by HPA database. Results. Seven anoikis genes (CDKN2A, E2F1, ENDOG, EZH2, HMGA1, PLK1, and SLC2A1) were determined to develop a prognostic ARS. Both genes of ARS were closely bound up with the prognosis of EC patients. The ARS could accurately classify EC cases with different clinical outcome and mirror the specific immune status of EC. We observed that ARS-high patients could not benefit from immunotherapy. Finally, all the hub genes of ARS were proved to be upregulated in EC tissues by immunohistology. Conclusion. ARS can be used to stratify the risk and forecast the survival outcome of EC patients and provide prominent reference for individualized treatment in EC.
Reconstruction Algorithm-Based Ultrasonic and Spiral CT Images in Evaluating the Effects of Dexmedetomidine Anesthesia for Acute Abdomen
Authors: Tian Pinghua , Zhang Shuhong , Guo Linling
Published: December 2021

Objective. The study focused on the application value of iteration reconstruction algorithm-based ultrasound and spiral computed tomography (CT) examinations, and the safety of dexmedetomidine anesthesia in acute abdominal surgery. Methods. 80 cases having the acute abdomen surgery were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into group A (40 cases) and group B (40 cases) according to the anesthetic drugs used in the later period. The experimental group was injected with propofol, remifentanil, and atracurium combined with dexmedetomidine; the control group was injected with propofol, remifentanil, and atracurium only. After the operation, the patient was for observed for the pain, agitation, adverse reactions, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure. All patients received ultrasound and spiral CT examinations, and based on the characteristics of the back-projection algorithm, an accelerated algorithm was established and used to process the image, and according to which, the patient’s condition and curative effects were evaluated. Results. After image reconstruction, the ultrasound and spiral CT images were clearer with less noise and more prominent lesions than before reconstruction. Before image reconstruction, the accuracy rates of ultrasound and spiral CT in diagnosing acute abdomen were 92.3% and 91.1%, respectively. After reconstruction, the corresponding numbers were 96.3% and 98.1%, respectively. After reconstruction, the accuracy of the two methods in diagnosing acute abdomen was significantly improved compared with that before reconstruction, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The Ramsay score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group at each time period,

P
<
0.05

; the agitation score and visual analogue scale (VAS) score of the experimental group were significantly lower than the control group at each time period after waking up,

P
<
0.05

. Conclusion. Reconstruction algorithm-based ultrasound and spiral CT images have high application value in the diagnosis of patients with acute abdomen, and dexmedetomidine has good safety in anesthesia surgery.
Power Allocation for 5G Mobile Multiuser Cooperative Networks
Authors: Yin Fagen , Du Wencai
Published: December 2021

With the fifth generation (5G) communication technology, the mobile multiuser networks have developed rapidly. In this paper, the performance analysis of mobile multiuser networks which utilize decode-and-forward (DF) relaying is considered. We derive novel outage probability (OP) expressions. To improve the OP performance, we study the power allocation optimization problem. To solve the optimization problem, we propose an intelligent power allocation optimization algorithm based on grey wolf optimization (GWO). We compare the proposed GWO approach with three existing algorithms. The experimental results reveal that the proposed GWO algorithm can achieve a smaller OP, thus improving system efficiency. Also, compared with other channel models, the OP values of the 2-Rayleigh model are increased by 81.2% and 66.6%, respectively.
Research on Enterprise Supply Chain Optimization Model and Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Clustering
Authors: Bai Shizhen , Sun Hongbin
Published: December 2021

Reasonable logistics distribution network structure can not only effectively reduce the cost of logistics enterprises themselves but also reduce the social cost. Through effective supply chain management, enterprises can significantly reduce costs, improve competitiveness, and enhance their ability to resist risks. Because the single-level distribution network structure of production enterprises is not suitable for large-scale logistics distribution, this paper proposes a distribution network structure design that accords with economies of scale and establishes an enterprise supply chain optimization model based on the fuzzy clustering algorithm. Using this optimization method to optimize the inventory of enterprise logistics supply chain, the operation is fast, the result is correct and reasonable, and it can provide good decision support for the distribution network of logistics enterprises. Through information technology and modern management technology, we should effectively control and coordinate the logistics, information flow, and capital flow in the production and operation process and organically integrate the internal supply chain with the external supply chain for management, so as to achieve the goal of global optimization.
Risk Evaluation Study of Urban Rail Transit Network Based on Entropy-TOPSIS-Coupling Coordination Model
Authors: Gao Fawen , Zhang Zhibin , Shang Mengxing
Published: December 2021

As one of the core systems of a city, urban rail transit plays a pivotal role in ensuring the safe, rational, and efficient operation of the city. Therefore, it is of great significance to ensure the safe operation of urban rail transit network to improve the operation efficiency and economic level of the city. The prerequisite to ensure the safety of urban rail transit network is whether the risk situation of urban rail transit network can be reasonably and accurately evaluated. In order to evaluate the risk level of urban rail transit network reasonably and accurately, firstly, with full consideration of the characteristics of urban rail transit, the risk evaluation system of urban rail transit network was established in this paper based on the three levels of regional economy, social resources, and rail transit. Secondly, based on the entropy-TOPSIS-coupling coordination model, the single-factor influence and multifactor coupling influence in the index system are calculated and analyzed, respectively; thus the coupling coordination degree of urban rail transit system is obtained, so as to quantitatively evaluate and analyze the risk situation in urban rail transit network. Finally, based on the actual data of Shanghai from 2000 to 2016, the case simulation and analysis are carried out. The results show that the two indicators of regional economy and social resources are more likely to affect the safety state of urban rail transit. At the same time, the safety factor of urban rail transit coupling system is increasing year by year and gradually develops from disorder to order. This is more in line with current urban rail transit condition, demonstrating the rationality and accuracy of the entropy-TOPSIS-coupling coordination model proposed in this study.
Bearing Seat Vibration Modes Undergoing Unbalanced Excitation of Multirotating Drums
Authors: Li Yu , Tang Zhong , Wang Xinzhong , Zhang Hao , Li Yaoming
Published: December 2021

Transmission modes of multiple rotating parts on combine harvester are complex and diverse, which resulted in large vibration and poor stability when the entire machine is harvesting. Aiming at the complex vibration problem of the combine harvester threshing system, this paper established the dynamic response model of the multidrum parallel system under different transmission modes and solved the vibration characteristics of the system. An experiment on the axial unbalance response of the parallel drum system under different transmission modes was carried out. The results show that the internal units of the threshing system form a whole through the transmission system, which causes the unbalanced response of the system to be superimposed on parallel threshing drums, thereby increasing the vibration amplitude. In addition, the change of the transmission mode will cause the vibration transmission path in the system to change greatly, and the boundary conditions of the system will be changed at the same time, which will eventually lead to the change of the unbalanced response characteristics.
Effects of Qinghuang Powder on Acute Myeloid Leukemia Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Experiments
Authors: Zeng Ying-jian , Wu Min , Zhang Huan , Wu Xin-ping , Zhou Lu , Wan Na , Wu Zhen-hui
Published: December 2021

Qinghuang powder (QHP) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. This is a unique formula that is frequently used to treat malignant hematological diseases such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in modern clinical practice. An approach of network pharmacology and experimental validation were applied to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of QHP in AML treatment. First, public databases for target genes known to be associated with AML are searched and compared to the target genes of the active compounds in QHP. Second, AML-associated genes and QHP target genes are compared to identify overlapping enriched genes, and these were used to predict selected target genes that may be implicated in the effects of QHP on AML. Additionally, we conducted functional enrichment analyses, such as gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The significantly enriched pathway associated with potential target proteins was the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, suggesting that these potential target proteins and pathways may mediate the beneficial biological effects of QHP on AML. All these following genes were found to occur in the compounds-target-pathway networks: AKT1, MAPK1, MAPK3, PIK3CG, CASP3, CASP9, TNF, TGFB1, MAPK8, and TP53. Then, based on the molecular docking studies, it was suggested that the active compound isovitexin can fit into the binding pockets of the top candidate QHP-AML target proteins (PIK3CG). Subsequently, based on the prediction by network pharmacology analysis, both in vitro AML cells and western blot experiments were performed to validate the curative role of QHP. QHP exerted its antitumor activity on AML in vitro, as it inhibits cells proliferation, reduced the expression of Bcl-2 protein, and downregulated the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In conclusion, these results revealed that QHP could treat AML via a “multicomponent, multitarget, multipathway” regulatory network. Furthermore, our study also demonstrated that the combination of network pharmacology with the experimental study is effective in discovering and identifying QHP in the treatment of AML and its underlying pharmacological mechanisms.
Dictionary Learning-Based Ultrasound Image Combined with Gastroscope for Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori-Caused Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Diao Yunyun , Zhang Zhenzhou
Published: December 2021

The study is aimed at evaluating the application value of ultrasound combined with gastroscopy in diagnosing gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) caused by Helicobacter pylori (HP). An ultrasound combined with a gastroscopy diagnostic model based on improved

K

-means Singular Value Decomposition (N-KSVD) was proposed first. 86 patients with Peptic ulcer (PU) and GIB admitted to our Hospital were selected and defined as the test group, and 86 PU patients free of GIB during the same period were selected as the control group. The two groups were observed for clinical manifestations and HP detection results. The results showed that when the noise

ρ

was 10, 30, 50, and 70, the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) values of N-KSVD dictionary after denoising were 35.55, 30.47, 27.91, and 26.08, respectively, and the structure similarity index measure (SSIM) values were 0.91, 0.827, 0.763, and 0.709, respectively. Those were greater than those of DCT dictionary and Global dictionary and showed statistically significant differences versus the DCT dictionary (

P
<
0.05

). In the test group, there were 60 HP-positives and 26 HP-negatives, and there was significant difference in the numbers of HP-positives and HP-negatives (

P
<
0.05

), but no significant difference in gender and age (

P
>
0.05

). Of the subjects with abdominal pain, HP-positives accounted for 59.02% and HP-negatives accounted for 37.67%, showing significant differences (

P
<
0.05

). Finally, the size of the ulcer lesion in HP-positives and HP-negatives was compared. It was found that 71.57% of HP-positives had ulcers with a diameter of 0-1 cm, and 28.43% had ulcers with a diameter of ≥1 cm. Compared with HP-negatives, the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). In conclusion, N-KSVD-based ultrasound combined with gastroscopy demonstrated good denoising effects and was effective in the diagnosis of GIB caused by HP.
Study on the Physical Properties and Joint Evolution Characteristics of Three‐Dimensional Reconstructed Coal
Authors: Wu Yongning , Zhang Zhe , Wang Xinzhe , Zhu Peiyang , Yang Xin , Jiang Lishuai
Published: December 2021

There are various complex joints (fissures), laminae, and other soft structural surfaces in the roadway enclosure, and the existence of these soft structural surfaces seriously affects the stability of the roadway enclosure. In order to study the mechanical properties of the coal body and the development of joints during coal fracture, this paper establishes a three‐dimensional model of the fracture structure of the coal body based on CT scanning and three‐dimensional reconstruction technology. On this basis, a 3D numerical model of the equivalent nodal coal body is constructed, uniaxial compression simulation analysis is performed, and the joint evolution development law of the coal sample is studied by the built‐in joint monitoring program of PFC3D. The results show that the larger the effective joint area and larger the joint size inside the coal sample, the smaller the compressive strength of the coal sample. The increase of joint size and joint surface area increased the ductility and stress‐strain curve multipeak phenomenon of the coal sample to some extent. During the rupture of the coal sample, the changes of each phase of the statistical curve of joint number and the phases of the stress‐strain curve of the coal sample are compatible.
Experimental Study on the Sound Absorption Properties of Finger Millet Straw, Darbha, and Ripe Bulrush Fibers
Authors: Rakesh K. M. , Srinidhi Ramachandracharya , Gokulkumar S. , Nithin K. S. , Madhavarao S. , Sathish S. , Karthick Alagar , Muhibbullah M. , Osman Sameh M.
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, emerging noise pollution by external factors causes harmful diseases in human beings. The development of a bio‐based filler or panel will help to eliminate some unwanted noise in working places and living rooms. This work aimed to develop an ecowaste fiber (leftover after harvesting)‐based sound absorber and analyze its capabilities for sound absorption. The ecowaste fibers are collected by the gleaning process, i.e., the process of collecting leftovers from fields. The sound absorption capabilities of three natural fibers extracted from Eleusine coracana (Finger millet) straw, Desmostachya bipinnata (Darbha), and Typha domingensis (Ripe bulrush) plants are investigated in this study, both individually and in hybrid combinations. The sound absorption property mainly depends on factors such as porosity, flow resistivity, thickness, density, and tortuosity. Fiber length and fiber type play a significant role when fibers are arranged individually or in hybrid combinations. The stacking effect on the sound absorption coefficient of hybridized fiber arrangement was experimentally analyzed. The sound absorption coefficient (α) was found to be lower in the range of 1000 Hz–2500 Hz for all the combinations. As a homogenous fiber arrangement, the darbha fiber exhibited the better NRC (noise reduction coefficient) of 0.86 for 50 mm thickness among three different fibers and as a hybrid composition, ripe bulrush and darbha fibers exhibited NRC of 0.90 which is more capable of absorbing sound in the critical frequency range of 500 to 2000 Hz. These types of natural fiber fillers are highly capable of better sound absorbing and used in the applications such as classrooms, sound recording rooms, and theatres.
Old and New Biomarkers Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Hyperglycemia
Authors: Baldassarre Maria Pompea Antonia , Pipino Caterina , Pandolfi Assunta , Consoli Agostino , Di Pietro Natalia , Formoso Gloria
Published: December 2021

Chronic hyperglycemia and vascular damage are strictly related. Biomarkers of vascular damage have been intensively studied in the recent years in the quest of reliable cardiovascular risk assessment tools able to facilitate risk stratification and early detection of vascular impairment. The present study is a narrative review with the aim of revising the available evidence on current and novel markers of hyperglycemia‐induced vascular damage. After a discussion of classic tools used to investigate endothelial dysfunction, we provide an in‐depth description of novel circulating biomarkers (chemokines, extracellular vesicles, and epigenetic and metabolomic biomarkers). Appropriate use of a single as well as a cluster of the discussed biomarkers might enable in a near future (a) the prompt identification of targeted and customized treatment strategies and (b) the follow‐up of cardiovascular treatment efficacy over time in clinical research and/or in clinical practice.
Bioinformatics and Network Pharmacology-Based Approaches to Explore the Potential Mechanism of the Antidepressant Effect of Cyperi Rhizoma through Soothing the Liver
Authors: Lei Yuhe , Du Mingquan , Zhang Ge , Chen Lei , Fu Yanli , Zhong Yinqin , Zhang Enxin
Published: December 2021

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has become the second most common disease worldwide, making it a threat to human health. Cyperi Rhizoma (CR) is a traditional herbal medicine with antidepressant properties. Traditional Chinese medicine theory states that CR relieves MDD by dispersing stagnated liver qi to soothe the liver, but the material basis and underlying mechanism have not been elucidated. In this study, we identified the active compounds and potential anti-MDD targets of CR by network pharmacology-based approaches. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, we hypothesized that the anti-MDD effect of CR may be mediated by an altered response of the liver to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and glucose metabolism. Through bioinformatics analysis, comparing normal and MDD liver tissue in rats with spontaneous diabetes, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and selected PAI-1 (SERPINE1) as a target of CR in combating MDD. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis also verified the binding of the active compound quercetin to PAI-1. It can be concluded that quercetin is the active compound of CR that acts against MDD by targeting PAI-1 to enhance the liver response to LPS and glucose metabolism. This study not only reveals the material basis and underlying mechanism of CR against MDD through soothing the liver but also provides evidence for PAI-1 as a potential target and quercetin as a potential agent for MDD treatment.
Sparse Representation Classifier Embedding Subspace Mapping and Support Vector for Facial Expression Recognition
Authors: Lu Shaoqin , Xue Lei , Gu Xiaoqing
Published: December 2021

With the development of integration and innovation of Internet and industry, facial expression recognition (FER) technology is widely applied in wireless communication and mobile edge computing. The sparse representation‐based classification is a hot topic in computer vision and pattern recognition. It is one type of commonly used image classification algorithms for FER in recent years. To improve the accuracy of FER system, this study proposed a sparse representation classifier embedding subspace mapping and support vector (SRC‐SM‐SV). Based on the traditional sparse representation model, SRC‐SM‐SV maps the training samples into a subspace and extracts rich and discriminative features by using the structural information and label information of the training samples. SRC‐SM‐SV integrates the support vector machine to enhance the classification performance of sparse representation coding. The solution of SRC‐SM‐SV uses an alternate iteration method, which makes the optimization process of the algorithm simple and efficient. Experiments on JAFFE and CK+ datasets prove the effectiveness of SRC‐SM‐SV in FER.
Alzheimer’s Disease Classification Based on Image Transformation and Features Fusion
Authors: Jia Hongfei , Wang Yu , Duan Yifan , Xiao Hongbing
Published: December 2021

It has become an inevitable trend for medical personnel to analyze and diagnose Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in different stages by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and artificial intelligence technologies such as deep learning in the future. In this paper, a classification method was proposed for AD based on two different transformation images of fMRI and improved the 3DPCANet model and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). The main ideas include that, firstly, fMRI images were preprocessed, and subsequently, mean regional homogeneity (mReHo) and mean amplitude of low-frequency amplitude (mALFF) transformation were performed for the preprocessed images. Then, mReHo and mALFF images were extracted features using the improved 3DPCANet, and these two kinds of the extracted features were fused by CCA. Finally, the support vector machine (SVM) was used to classify AD patients with different stages. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach was robust and effective. Classification accuracy for significant memory concern (SMC) vs. mild cognitive impairment (MCI), normal control (NC) vs. AD, and NC vs. SMC, respectively, reached 95.00%, 92.00%, and 91.30%, which adequately proved the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Effectiveness and Safety of a Modified Technique of Transvesical Obturator Nerve Block to Avoid Adductor Contractions during Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumors
Authors: Dreger Nici Markus , Lohbeck Anna , Roth Stephan , Gödde Daniel , von Rundstedt Friedrich-Carl , Degener Stephan
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a modified transvesical obturator nerve block (ONB) in the prevention of obturator nerve reflex and consecutive bladder perforations (BPs) during transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBTs). Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients resected in 2014–2015 due to a bladder tumor of the lateral walls, including a follow-up period until December 2018, was performed. Two groups were defined: in the first group, all patients underwent TURBT with a modified transvesical ONB. The second group underwent conventional TURBT with intermittent resection. Primary endpoints were the rates of adductor contractions and BPs. Results: Ninety-four out of 1,145 resected patients presented with tumors on the lateral wall of the bladder and a complete dataset including a long-term follow-up. Thirty-six patients were treated in the ONB group, and 58 patients comprised the control group. The median age in the 2 groups was 70.8 and 71.8 years in the first and second groups, respectively. Adductor spasms were reported in 8.33 versus 25.86% (p = 0.057) and perforation in 2.78 versus 17.24% (p = 0.047) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. After a median follow-up of 32.5 months, there was no significant difference in recurrence rates (52.78 vs. 51.72%, p = 0.672). In a subgroup analysis, lower perforation rates were recorded for the ONB group in patients with tumors <3 cm (0/30 vs. 8/46, p = 0.076) and in patients with unifocal tumors (0/12 vs. 5/23, p = 0.141). Discussion/Conclusion: The simplified approach of transvesical ONB demonstrated in this study appears to be an inexpensive, safe, effective, and simple-to-use technique.
A Developmental Study of Mirror-Gazing-Induced Anomalous Self-Experiences and Self-Reported Schizotypy from 7 to 28 Years of Age
Authors: Derome Mélodie , Fonseca-Pedrero Eduardo , Caputo Giovanni Battista , Debbané Martin
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The mirror-gazing task (MGT) is an experimental paradigm inducing anomalous perceptions and anomalous experiences of self-face (ASEs) in the general population, ranging from changes in light and color, to face deformation, to experiencing one’s specular image as another identity. Subclinical ASEs have been related to the emergence of the risk for developing psychotic disorders, and inducing such states in the general population could shed light on the factors underlying interindividual differences in proneness to these phenomena. We aimed to examine the influence of schizotypal personality traits on proneness to experiencing induced ASEs from a developmental perspective, from childhood to adulthood. Methods: Two hundred and sixteen children, adolescents, and young adults participated in the MGT, and their schizotypal personality traits were assessed with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Statistical analyses assessed the relationship between schizotypy dimensions and induced ASEs, and we further tested their dynamic relationship as function of age (from childhood to adulthood). Results: Results confirmed the developmental trajectory of the different schizotypy dimensions, with scores peaking during adolescence, and proneness to induced ASEs seemed to follow a similar developmental trajectory. Moreover, positive (p = 0.001) and disorganized (p = 0.004) dimensions were found to contribute to the proneness to experiencing induced ASEs. Finally, the developmental model showed that positive schizotypy (p = 0.035) uniquely distinguished between experiencing other-identity phenomena between childhood and adulthood. Conclusion: This study has the potential to inform research on early detection of psychosis through a developmental approach and links the concept of schizotypy with processes of perceptual self-distortions.
Monogenic Forms of DSD: An Update
Authors: McElreavey Kenneth , Bashamboo Anu
Published: December 2021

Background: DSD encompass a wide range of pathologies that impact gonad formation, development, and function in both 46,XX and 46,XY individuals. The majority of these conditions are considered to be monogenic, although the expression of the phenotype may be influenced by genetic modifiers. Although considered monogenic, establishing the genetic etiology in DSD has been difficult compared to other congenital disorders for a number of reasons including the absence of family cases for classical genetic association studies and the lack of evolutionary conservation of key genetic factors involved in gonad formation. In recent years, the widespread use of genomic sequencing technologies has resulted in multiple genes being identified and proposed as novel monogenic causes of 46,XX and/or 46,XY DSD. Summary: In this review, we will focus on the main genomic findings of recent years, which consists of new candidate genes or loci for DSD as well as new reproductive phenotypes associated with genes that are well established to cause DSD. For each gene or loci, we summarize the data that are currently available in favor of or against a role for these genes in DSD or the contribution of genomic variants within well-established genes to a new reproductive phenotype. Key Messages: Based on this analysis, we propose a series of recommendations that should aid the interpretation of genomic data and ultimately help to improve the accuracy and yield genetic diagnosis of DSD.
Radiographic Detection of the Relationship between Tonsilloliths and Dental Plaque-Related Pathologies in a Series of Digital Panoramic Radiographs
Authors: Gurbuz Ezgi , Gungor Mujgan , Hatipoglu Hasan
Published: December 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyse the prevalence of tonsilloliths and to determine radiographically whether there is a relationship between tonsilloliths and dental plaque-related pathologies in a series of digital panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included digital panoramic radiographs of 859 patients admitted for routine dental examination. The panoramic images were examined for both the presence of tonsilloliths and the number of decayed, missing, restored teeth and apical periodontitis. Periodontal bone loss was also measured in thirds of optimal bone height according to the root length and a percentage of bone loss was obtained for each panoramic radiograph evaluated. Results: Tonsilloliths were observed in 141 (16.4%) of all individuals. While there was no significant difference regarding the number of decayed teeth and restored teeth between tonsillolith cases (TT) and cases without tonsillolith (TC), the number of missing teeth and apical periodontitis in TT was significantly higher than TC (p: 0.004, p: 0.030, respectively). There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of the mean percentage of bone loss (p: 0.001; p < 0.05). In addition, cases showing bone loss between one-third and two-thirds of the optimal bone height in the TT group (52.5%) were significantly higher than those in TC (45.5%) (p: 0.035; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The relationship between dental plaque-related pathologies and tonsilloliths observed in this retrospective study should be confirmed by computed tomography studies and randomized, prospective, clinical trials conducted in a multidisciplinary manner.
КАНЦЕРОГЕННИЙ ВПЛИВ УЛЬТРАФІОЛЕТОВОГО ОПРОМІНЕННЯ НА ШКІРУ ЛЮДИНИ ЗА УМОВ МОБІЛЬНОСТІ НАСЕЛЕННЯ
Authors: Галайчук І. Й.
Published: December 2021

Мета: на основі даних Національного канцер-реєстру проаналізувати захворюваність на меланому і рак шкіри в осіб молодого віку з обґрунтуванням канцерогенного впливу ультрафіолетового опромінення.

Матеріали і методи. У роботі використано статистичні дані з бюлетенів Національного канцер-реєстру України та власні клінічні спостереження. Проведено аналіз показників захворюваності у вікових групах від 20 до 44 років за період 2007–2019 рр. Здійснено порівняння показників захворюваності у когорті населення, яке у 2007–2008  рр. належало до вікової категорії 30–34 роки, а через 10 років (у 2018–2019 рр.) увійшло до вікової категорії 40–44 роки.

Результати. Показано, що протягом десятирічного інтервалу відбулось зростання захворюваності на меланому в 2 рази, а на рак шкіри – в 4 рази. Враховуючи активну мобільність молодого населення в країни з високим ультрафіолетовим індексом сонячної активності, можна з високою ймовірністю вважати, що значна частка зло­якісних пухлин шкіри була ініційована надмірним ультрафіолетовим опроміненням. Представлено клінічні приклади меланоми і раку шкіри, у виникненні яких ультрафіолетова радіація відіграла основну роль. 

Висновки. Короткочасна міграція білого населення в екваторіальні широти спричиняє прискорене виникнення передракових локусів у шкірі молодих осіб під дією ультрафіолетової радіації. Трансформація передракових уражень у злоякісні пухлини шкіри це тривалий процес, який на сьогодні можна ефективно контролювати візуальним самооглядом шкіри, цифровим фотоскринінгом і телемедичними консультаціями з онкологами. Вчасні діагностика та лікування поверхневих форм злоякісної меланоми запобігають переходу її у фазу метастатичного поширення.
РОЗВИТОК КИЇВСЬКОЇ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ГІГІЄНІЧНОЇ НАУКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ У ХХ СТОЛІТТІ (1920–1990 рр.)
Authors: Грузєва Т. С.
Published: December 2021

Мета: дослідити процеси розбудови Київської соціально-гігієнічної наукової школи як самостійний науковий напрям у період 20–90-х років ХХ століття.

Матеріали і методи. Методологічна основа науково-дослідної роботи ґрунтується на аналізі наукових публікацій та даних архівних матеріалів із застосуванням історико-бібліографічного методу.

Результати. У ХХ столітті відбувався поступальний розвиток Київської соціально-гігієнічної наукової школи, в якому періоди активної розбудови змінювалися періодами стагнації медико-соціальної науки, репресіями відносно її представників. Закладені професором О. В. Корчаком-Чепурківським підвалини соціально-гігієнічної науки стали надійним фундаментом для виокремлення цього напряму в самостійну галузь медичної науки і освіти, створення кафедри соціальної гігієни у Київському медичному інституті та викладання окремого предмету в закладах вищої медичної освіти. Наукові дослідження школи охоплювали широкий спектр медико-соціальних проблем здоров’я населення у взаємозв’язку з чинниками, потреб у різних видах медичної допомоги, організації її надання, підготовки кадрів охорони здоров’я, у тому числі керівних, управління охороною здоров’я тощо. Вихованцями школи є видатні соціальні гігієністи, у тому числі академік Ю. В. Вороненко, професори О. А. Грандо, Б. П. Криштопа, О. П. Мінцер та інші.

Висновки. Розвиток Київської соціально-гігієнічної наукової школи у 1920–1990 рр. заклав основи її майбутнього розквіту в ХХІ ст.
Integrative Prioritization of Causal Genes for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hao Ke , Ermel Raili , Sukhavasi Katyayani , Cheng Haoxiang , Ma Lijiang , Li Ling , Amadori Letizia , Koplev Simon , Franzén Oscar , d’Escamard Valentina , Chandel Nirupama , Wolhuter Kathryn , Bryce Nicole S. , Venkata Vamsidhar R.M. , Miller Clint L. , Ruusalepp Arno , Schunkert Heribert , Björkegren Johan L.M. , Kovacic Jason C.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Hundreds of candidate genes have been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) through genome-wide association studies. However, a systematic way to understand the causal mechanism(s) of these genes, and a means to prioritize them for further study, has been lacking. This represents a major roadblock for developing novel disease- and gene-specific therapies for patients with CAD. Recently, powerful integrative genomics analyses pipelines have emerged to identify and prioritize candidate causal genes by integrating tissue/cell-specific gene expression data with genome-wide association study data sets.

Methods:

We aimed to develop a comprehensive integrative genomics analyses pipeline for CAD and to provide a prioritized list of causal CAD genes. To this end, we leveraged several complimentary informatics approaches to integrate summary statistics from CAD genome-wide association studies (from UK Biobank and CARDIoGRAMplusC4D) with transcriptomic and expression quantitative trait loci data from 9 cardiometabolic tissue/cell types in the STARNET study (Stockholm-Tartu Atherosclerosis Reverse Network Engineering Task).

Results:

We identified 162 unique candidate causal CAD genes, which exerted their effect from between one and up to 7 disease-relevant tissues/cell types, including the arterial wall, blood, liver, skeletal muscle, adipose, foam cells, and macrophages. When their causal effect was ranked, the top candidate causal CAD genes were
CDKN2B
(associated with the 9p21.3 risk locus) and
PHACTR1
; both exerting their causal effect in the arterial wall. A majority of candidate causal genes were represented in cross-tissue gene regulatory co-expression networks that are involved with CAD, with 22/162 being key drivers in those networks.

Conclusions:

We identified and prioritized candidate causal CAD genes, also localizing their tissue(s) of causal effect. These results should serve as a resource and facilitate targeted studies to identify the functional impact of top causal CAD genes.
Enhanced Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation of the East Asian Summer Monsoon since the Late 1970s
Authors: Yu Tiantian , Feng Juan , Chen Wen , Hu Kaiming , Chen Shangfeng
Published: December 2021

The tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) has major impacts on East Asian climate. Here it is shown that, since the late 1970s, the TBO signal of EASM has strengthened significantly. The EASM TBO in wind anomalies undergoes a transition from a cyclone over the western North Pacific (WNPC) in the preceding summer to an anticyclone over the western North Pacific (WNPAC) in the following summer, with the anomalies strengthening remarkably after the late 1970s. Correspondingly, the biennial components of precipitation anomalies in eastern China show different distributions. Both observational and numerical simulation analyses demonstrate that these changes are caused by the westward shift of El Niño warming and enhanced Indo-Pacific and Atlantic–Pacific coupling. The positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are associated with the TBO of the EASM shift toward the central Pacific after the late 1970s, which favors the strengthening of the WNPC and causes a weakened EASM. In following summer, both the north Indian Ocean and tropical North Atlantic SST warming have been closely coupled with El Niño since the late 1970s, which favors the strengthening of WNPAC and causes an intensified EASM. Together, these changes provide more a favorable background state for the transition of circulation anomalies over the western North Pacific, giving rise to enhanced biennial variability in EASM in the late 1970s.
Exploring Distrust in the Wait and See: Lessons for Vaccine Communication
Authors: Palmedo P. Christopher , Rauh Lauren , Lathan Hannah Stuart , Ratzan Scott C.
Published: December 2021

We conducted in-depth interviews with survey respondents who were distrusting of government authorities and/or communications, and also undecided about accepting the COVID-19 vaccine. Our sample was racially and ethnically diverse, mostly lower income without a college degree. Participants were concerned about their own health and cared about public health, but expressed mistrust in the government and the media. They generally felt ignored by public and institutional systems and expressed a desire to be listened to. These attitudes all influenced lack of confidence in the vaccine. We identify specific opportunities for intervention and communication in vaccine promotion. We propose longer-term solutions for improving trust, which is essential for the effective delivery of future health interventions.