bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mixtura lúdica y aprendizaje del idioma inglés en estudiantes del segundo año de secundaria
Authors: Rosas Domínguez Javier Dionisio , Timoteo Nieto Karen Anali
Published: May 2024

Objetivo. Determinar si existe relación entre la mixtura lúdica y el aprendizaje del idioma inglés en estudiantes de educación secundaria de la Institución Educativa Mariano Dámaso Beraún de la provincia de Leoncio Prado, región Huánuco, 2019. Métodos. El estudio corresponde a la investigación básica, nivel descriptivo correlacional con diseño no experimental y transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 66 estudiantes. Fue seleccionada la muestra de 30 estudiantes del segundo A, considerando el muestreo no probabilístico. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó el cuestionario y un test de comprensión y escritura, que fue validado a través de la prueba de confabilidad y juicio de expertos. Así mismo, se contrastó la hipótesis con el coeficiente rho de Spearman. Resultados. La prueba del coeficiente rho de Spearman, respecto a la hipótesis general (relación entre la variable mixtura lúdica y el aprendizajede inglés), fue de 0,722 y el p-valor = 0,000. En relación con la primera hipótesis específica (relación entre la mixtura lúdica y lee diversos tipos de textos) se obtuvo una correlación de 0,576 y el p-valor = 0,05; en relación con la segunda hipótesis específica (relación entre la Mixtura lúdica y escribe diversos tipos de textos), el resultado fue de 0,641 yel p-valor = 0,05. Los tres resultados indican una correlación positiva moderada. Conclusiones. Existe correlación signifcativa moderada entre la variable mixtura lúdica el aprendizaje del inglés en  estudiantes del segundo grado “A” de secundaria de la I.E. Mariano Dámaso Beraún, 2019.
Educación universitaria, gobernabilidad e identidad científica nacional
Authors: Moquillaza Sánchez Janina , García Salirrosas Liz Maribel
Published: May 2024

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Abya Yala y la cosmovisión andina
Authors: Carhuapoma Gamboa Angelica , Ayquipa Delgado Hilda , Peralta Gamboa Raquel , Velásquez Yucra Cayetano Alberto , Gutiérrez Huamaní Oscar
Published: May 2024

El objetivo del trabajo es conocer y reflexionar sobre Abya Yala y la cosmovisión andina, que tuvo un desarrollo cultural diferente a la occidental, la cual fue interrumpida con la invasión española, la cual impuso su lengua, costumbres y su dios. El término Abya Yala es asignado al continente americano por el pueblo kuna, aceptado por la organización de pueblos indígenas y tiene el signifcado de “Tierra en  plena madurez o Tierra de sangre vital”. La cosmovisión de estos pueblos estuvo marcada por la conservación de la naturaleza, ya que se consideraban parte de ella. Este punto departida establece la relación armónica entre los habitantes y la naturaleza. Concluimos que los pueblos andinos están en un proceso de reconstrucción de la cosmovisión andina, valorando su tradición, idioma y costumbres ancestrales, ante la imposición de una cosmovisión dominante eurocéntrica, que trató de despojar los saberes y riquezas ancestrales.
Fintechs Utilizadas por las Pymes Ubicados en la Calle Principal del Sector de Canto del Llano
Authors: Miranda Pino Liriol , González A. Juan De Dios , Carpintero Carrizo Misael , García Díaz Demetrio E. , Cruz B. Reyna del Carmen
Published: May 2024

Conocer los grandes avances tecnológicos financieros en materia de medios de pago electrónico a través de dispositivos móviles, resulta indispensable para las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes), aún más indispensables para las pymes establecidas en economías emergentes como Panamá que cuentan con un pequeño porcentaje de servicios y móviles, en un mundo donde las fintech son de gran importancia en el diario vivir permitiendo seguridad y comodidad para todos. De igual manera el sector bancario pone a disposición nuevos productos y servicios para brindar una facilidad en dichas transacciones, ofreciendo a sus clientes   productos y servicios de medios de pago que permiten tener una experiencia única en el mercado, los cuales buscan solucionar las necesidades de emprendedores   pymes y hasta de grandes empresas. Por otro lado, también se investigará los medios de pago móviles que más ofrecen las empresas; tanto públicas como privadas e investigar los servicios y productos que más demandan los consumidores en el sector de Canto del Llano.
Beneficios de las actividades gamificadoras en estudiantes con NEE
Authors: Fiallos Cárdenas Carmen Victoria , Viejó Leó Judith Mary , Ponce Cabeza María Daniela , Silva Tipantasig Lenin Gabriel , Cárdenas Pulla José Rosendo
Published: May 2024

En el ámbito educativo, el uso de herramientas de gamificación es importante porque le permite personalizar el proceso de enseñanza y mejorar la interacción entre estudiantes y docentes. Además, estas herramientas brindan retroalimentación instantánea, acceso a información actualizada y el desarrollo de habilidades esenciales para el siglo XXI, como la colaboración y la resolución de problemas. Además, fomentan la inclusión al adaptar el contenido a las necesidades únicas de los estudiantes, lo que los motiva y los motiva a participar en el aprendizaje. Además, facilitan la identificación y corrección de errores de manera oportuna y brindan acceso a recursos en línea que mejoran el proceso educativo. Al preparar a los estudiantes para un mundo digitalizado y promover la igualdad de oportunidades educativas para todos, las herramientas de gamificación tienen el potencial de transformar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Como resultado, el objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar y comprender las ventajas de las actividades gamificadoras en estudiantes con Necesidades Educativas Especiales (NEE) para mejorar su proceso de aprendizaje y promover su inclusión en la Unidad Educativa XXX. Para llevar a cabo este estudio, se emplearon técnicas descriptivas y documentales. Se realizó una encuesta no probabilística a diez docentes para evaluar su conocimiento y aplicación de herramientas de inteligencia artificial para estudiantes con NEE. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que las herramientas de gamificación son altamente útiles y efectivas como estrategia para reforzar y facilitar el aprendizaje de estudiantes con NEE, lo que subraya la importancia de su implementación en el entorno educativo actual.
Influencias Literarias en la Formación de los Docentes Universitarios
Authors: Carrillo Javier Maria Fernanda , Hidalgo Quinto Gabriela , Rodríguez Ruíz Jannet
Published: May 2024

El objetivo de la presente investigacion fue determinar la influencia de la literatura en la formación de los docentes universitarios de una universidad pública de Tabasco, México. Se realizó desde un enfoque cualitativo, que permitió, a través de una entrevista, conocer la influencia de la literatura en dos profesores que imparten las materias de estética de la comunicación, redacción de textos, escritura creativa y comprensión de textos literarios, que son parte de la curricula del programa académico de la Licenciatura en Comunicación de la Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT). El análisis mostró que la literatura es un valor importante en su vida y tiene fuerte influencia en las clases que imparten, consideran que la literatura permite desarrollar la capacidad de redactacción, expresión y pensamiento análitico y crítico, lo cual es indispensable en la formación académica de los estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Comunicación.
Estudio de Potencialidad Turística de la Comunidad Chico Copataza, Provincia de Pastaza para Proponer un Producto Turístico Comunitario
Authors: Moncayo-Peaza Mayra , Victoria Reyes María
Published: May 2024

El objetivo del presente artículo es el diagnóstico situacional de la comunidad Chico Copataza de la provincia de Pastaza, Ecuador donde se evaluó su potencial turístico para finalmente definir un producto turístico comunitario a fin de contribuir al desarrollo de la comunidad. La metodología propuesta se fundamenta en la revisión de literatura la metodología de inventarios y la ficha técnica de jerarquización de atractivos del Ministerio de Turismo. Se aplicaron encuestas a 345 turistas que contribuyó a la elaboración de los paquetes turísticos y se realizó la valoración de sitios naturales y manifestaciones culturales a través de la matriz DAFO. Los resultados reflejaron, 12 atractivos naturales y culturales identificados pertenecen a la categoría II; y uno se encuentra en jerarquía III de manifestaciones culturales. En base a las encuestas se propusieron cuatro paquetes turísticos con lugares y actividades para realizar. Se sugiere que los paquetes turísticos propuestos sean administrados éticamente por las autoridades de la comunidad y seleccionado de acuerdo con la demanda turística. La importancia de tener alianzas estratégicas es esencial para potenciar la difusión del mercado turístico de la comunidad.
Desalojamiento y Penetración en el Tracto Gastrointestinal de Cemento Óseo Posterior a Cirugía de Cadera: Reporte de Caso
Authors: Reveles Torres Alejandro
Published: May 2024

Se trata de un reporte de caso. Masculino de 43 años de edad que acude al área de urgencias por presentar cuadro de obstrucción intestinal. Fue intervenido quirúrgicamente por laparotomía donde se encontró polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) que obstruía la luz del intestino delgado. El paciente contaba con el antecedente de cirugía de reemplazo total de cadera bilateral cementada y posterior retiro de prótesis de cadera derecha. El desalojamiento de PMMA y penetración en el tracto gastrointestinal es una complicación rara en cirugía de cadera que en este paciente se manifestó como cuadro de obstrucción intestinal.
Pengenalan Sejak Dini tentang Resistensi Antibiotik Kepada Mahasiswa Farmasi UNG dan Siswa SMK Farmasi di Kota Gorontalo melalui Program School of AMR PD IAI Gorontalo
Authors: Paneo Mohamad Aprianto , Tuloli Teti Sutriyati , Thomas Nur Ain , Latif Multiani S , Taupik Muhammad , Djuwarno Endah Nurrohwinta
Published: May 2024

Resistensi antibiotik telah menjadi perhatian utama dalam bidang kesehatan global karena dampaknya yang serius terhadap pengobatan infeksi bakteri. Fenomena ini terjadi ketika bakteri mengembangkan kemampuan untuk bertahan hidup dan berkembang biak meskipun terpapar antibiotik, mengurangi atau bahkan menghilangkan efektivitas obat tersebut. Penyebab utama resistensi antibiotik termasuk penggunaan antibiotik yang berlebihan, penggunaan yang tidak tepat, dan penyebaran gen resistensi melalui lingkungan. Konsekuensinya meliputi tingkat infeksi yang sulit diobati, peningkatan biaya perawatan kesehatan, dan peningkatan angka kematian. Upaya untuk mengatasi resistensi antibiotik melibatkan pendekatan multidisiplin termasuk penggunaan antibiotik yang bijaksana, pengembangan antibiotik baru, pengendalian infeksi, serta meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang masalah ini. Tujuan dilaksanakan kegiatan ini untuk memberikan edukasi sejak dini melalui program school of AMR Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia (IAI) kepada siswa dan mahasiswa bahwa pentingya mengenal antibiotik dan memutus rantai resistensi antibiotik. Kegiatan dilaksanakan dengan beberapa metode yang terdiri dari edukasi yang diberikan langsung oleh apoteker dan dosen, kemudian diskusi dan tanya jawab serta yang terakhir yaitu pemberian pre dan post kuesioner untuk melihat ketercapaian hasil dari kegiatan yang diberikan. Hasil menunjukan kenaikan yang progresif dari sebelumnya rata-rata pemahaman peserta berada dibawah nilai 80% menjadi rata-rata direntang 90%. Hal ini menunjukan pemberian edukasi secara terstruktur dan diberikan langsung oleh yang memiliki kompetensi akan memberikan dampak yang baik. Kegiatan seperti ini harus dilaksanakan secara berkelanjutan dengan harapan generasi berikutnya bebas dari penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak bijak.
Frequency Of Burnout Among Healthcare Professionals In A Tertiary Care Hospital, After The COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Abbasi Yasira , Meraj Lubna , Batool Asma , Mansoor Samreena , Muntaha Sidra tul , Jalal Anjum
Published: May 2024

Objective: In this study, we plan to estimate the frequency of burnout among healthcare providers in a specialized teaching Hospital.
Methods: A questionnaire based on the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) including personal, work and client subscale was administered to various healthcare workers including staff nurses, residents and consultants.
Results: When the demographic data of 100 participants was analyzed it showed that there were 39 (39 %) males and 61(61 %) females. The mean age of participants was 32.2 years. Professional categories enrolled were 40 nurses, 32 consultants and 28 postgraduate trainees. The mean level of personal burnout was 47.15±15.73, 38.53 ± 17.64 and 41.06 ± 15.78 among nurses, postgraduate trainees and consultants respectively. The level of work-related burnout was 45.95 ± 19.01, 36.60 ± 14.93 and 36.75 ± 14.99 among nurses, postgraduate trainees and consultants respectively. Whereas client-related burnout was found to be 42.62 ± 16.63, 27.67 ± 12.22 and 30.71 ± 18.04 among nurses, postgraduate trainees and consultants respectively. Burnout severity was higher among nurses, and also more commonly seen among females as compared to males. Lastly, younger respondents were more burned out compared to older respondents.
Conclusion: In conclusion, addressing burnout among healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, is crucial for the well-being of the healthcare force and the safety and quality of patient care. The study’s recommendation for personal and institutional interventions is an essential step in mitigating this issue and ensuring a healthier, more effective healthcare system.
Keywords: Burnout severity, moderate burnout, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory.
C-Reactive Protein As A Response Indicator In Drug-Naïve Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Muneer Ather , Munir Nargis , Shams Nadia , Inam Mirza , Ghani Usman , Ayub Neelam
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective: C-reactive protein (CRP) is an indicator of the inflammatory process in the body, and is associated with the pathogenesis of depression through its purported effect on neurotransmitter function in the brain. Current research aims to study the relationship between the levels of CRP and the rate of remission of major depressive disorder with first-line antidepressant therapy.
Methods: This hospital-based prospective study included thirty patients by purposive sampling technique. Patients with first-episode MDD with no history of antidepressant exposure and other medical comorbidity were recruited for pharmacotherapy with escitalopram, a first-line antidepressant. Patients taking antidepressants, anti-inflammatory medicines, having co-morbid conditions or other psychiatric conditions were excluded. The baseline CRP levels were measured and depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) at weeks 0, 6 and 12. The patients with low (≤5 mg/l) and high (>5 mg/l) CRP levels were compared for remission rates at week 12 using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.
Results: Amongst the 30 cases, 11(36.7%) were males and 19(63.3%) were female patients. The mean age was 35.95±7.85 years. Both groups were matched concerning age, gender, BMI and baseline HRSD score (p>0.05). As per Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, a significantly higher proportion of patients had remission of MDD at the 12th week having CRP levels ≤5 mg/l than the patients with CRP levels >5 mg/dl (p=0.002).
Conclusion: This research concluded that after an adequate trial with a standard antidepressant, higher levels of CRP could lead to poorer remission rates in MDD subjects and could represent a sub-group of patients with treatment resistance.
Comparison Of Outcome In Engaged Versus Unengaged Fetal Heads In Primigravida
Authors: Asma Sadaf , Muntaha Sidra Tul , Haq Faiza , Hayat Sara , Kanwal Mona
Published: May 2024

Objective: Our study aimed to compare the outcome of engaged versus unengaged fetal head in primigravida at term. Methods: The study was conducted at the obstetrics & gynaecology unit, FGPC Hospital, Islamabad. The duration of the study was 6 months with a total of 130 women included & divided into two groups. Females were followed till the delivery of the fetus.
Results: A total of 130 women were observed & divided into two equal groups. The average age was 28.71 years± 6.80SD with a range of 18-43 years. Mode of delivery was measured and showed that there is a significant association between mode of delivery and unengaged fetal head in primigravida at term with p-value = 0.000. Relative risk shows that C Section was 2.93 times more in unengaged as compared to patients with engaged fetal heads.
Conclusions: The frequency of a surgical intervention is significantly higher in cases with unengaged fetal heads among primigravida at term.
Keywords: unengaged, engaged, primigravida, term
Factors Leading To Early Versus Late Presentation In Patients With Neck Masses
Authors: Akram Ansa Umara , Chaudhry Sadia , Qamar Nighat , Kausar Amna , Javaid Amna , Piracha Adia Bushra
Published: May 2024

Objective: To compare the factors that lead to early versus late presentation in patients with neck masses
Study Design: Group Comparative Study.
Study Setting & Duration: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head &Neck Surgery at Rawalpindi Teaching Hospital from 01-9-2022 to 01-03-2023.
Methods: Approval of the study was obtained from the hospital's ethical committee. A total of 64 patients (32 in each group) were placed in two Groups A &  B. Group A included patients who presented early and Group B included patients who presented late. Both male and female patients were selected. In this study patients suffering from neck masses who have reported for work-up to the Department of ENT, Rawalpindi Teaching Hospital, and fulfil the complete inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Patients were selected via consecutive nonprobability sampling. The data were analyzed for frequencies by SPSS 24.
Results: A total of 64 patients were included in this study. In the majority of patients, the size of mass more than 1.5 cm (51.56%) revealed malignancy, while only a small percentage of patients (48.44%) had less than 1.5 cm neck mass.
Conclusion: The majority of patients who were drug and alcohol addicts were presented late with advanced disease. Both groups were considered to be significant (p=0.00) based on the probability ratio. This study helped to identify the role of various suspected risk factors for late presentation in head and neck cancers in an attempt to reinforce or negate their importance which will help to guide the formation of screening protocols thereby improving morbidity, and mortality and reducing financial costs.
Keywords: Neck masses, Early Presentation, Late Presentation.
Efficacy Of Vocal Cord Medialization by Injection Thyroplasty Using Liquid Paraffin In Relieving Hoarseness Of Voice In Idiopathic And Traumatic Unilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis
Authors: Saleem Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Sarim , Alamgir Ashar , Rana Muhammad Hamza , Hyder Hafiz Sajjad , Ali Syeda Jamila
Published: May 2024

Objective: The objective of the study was to measure the efficacy of injection thyroplasty by liquid paraffin in the medialization of vocal cords in permanent post-traumatic or idiopathic hoarseness.
Methodology: A total of 37 patients were enrolled in the study after obtaining approval from the ethical review board. The sample size was calculated using the WHO sample size calculator. All the patients in the study presented with hoarseness of voice due to either traumatic injury, idiopathic aetiology, or post-thyroidectomy. Samples were selected by simple random sampling. It was a Quasi-experimental study. All patients underwent an injection thyroplasty procedure using liquid paraffin to medialize the vocal cords. All the procedures were done under local anaesthesia. The patients were kept in follow-up for 1 year at an interval of 3 months. All the data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 24. Paired sample t-test was applied to measure pre-procedure and post-procedure scores.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 38 years. Out of 37 patients 23 (62%) patients presented within 6 months of hoarseness of voice. 14 (38%) patients presented after 6 months of hoarseness of voice. 19 out of 23  patients (83%) underwent only a single dose of liquid paraffin via injection thyroplasty to resolve hoarseness of voice. However, out of 14 patients, 7 patients (50%) reportedly had to undergo 2 doses of liquid paraffin via injection thyroplasty. The p-value calculated was <0.005 which was statistically significant. Out of patients presenting after 6 months, 11 patients (79%) underwent transcervical phonation surgery. The p-value calculated was <0.05 which is statistically significant.
Conclusion: Our study concludes that liquid paraffin is a safe and cost-effective solution for vocal cord paralysis. Liquid paraffin is not expensive and easily available which can be implied to yield excellent results to improve hoarseness of voice. Patients with late presentation are less likely to get the benefit of this procedure and may have to go for invasive transcervical phonation surgeries. It is recommended that this procedure should be done within 6 months of the development of hoarseness of voice.
Keywords: vocal cord palsy, unilateral vocal cord paralysis, laryngeal paralysis, liquid paraffin, injection thyroplasty
Comparing Treatment with Nebulized 3% Hypertonic Saline Versus Nebulized 0.9% Saline In Patients With Acute Bronchiolitis: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Abid Uzma , Afzal Ayesha , Zaman Nahdia , Farooq Ammara , Yousaf Sidrah , Fazal Sonia
Published: May 2024

Objective: To establish the therapeutic role of nebulized hypertonic saline solution in the management of acute bronchiolitis in terms of primary and secondary outcomes.
Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted in the Pediatric department of Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi for 8 months from September 2021 to April 2022 after ethical approval. A total of 65 cases of acute bronchiolitis were enrolled who were divided into two groups. The intervention group was nebulized with 3 ml of 3% hypertonic saline 6 hourly while the control group was nebulized with 0.9% saline 6 hourly during hospital stay in addition to the standard treatment. Children in both groups were monitored in terms of clinical severity score, feeding, hydration status, length of hospital stay, duration of oxygen supplementation, development of any adverse effect, and outcome (length of hospital stay and clinical severity score) was observed. Data was collected on a predesigned proforma, and SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the data.
Results: Two groups were comparable for age, gender, and baseline characteristics including clinical severity score. Length of hospital stay was significantly less in the hypertonic saline group 75.53 ±43 .87 versus 45.92 ± 12.19 (p-value 0.000). Similarly, in patients requiring oxygen, treatment with hypertonic saline significantly reduced the duration of nebulization, 27.21 ±26.20 versus 10.67± 7.91 (p-value 0.03). However clinical severity score between the two groups was not different, 5.42 ± 2.88 in the saline group and 4.50 ± 2.88 p value 0.921.
Conclusion: Nebulization with hypertonic saline reduces oxygen requirement and benefits in reducing the length of hospital stay.
Keywords: Bronchiolitis, Hypertonic saline (HS), Normal saline (NS)
Medical Ethics in Perspective of Islamic Teachings
Authors: Shah Syed Muhammad Tahir , Randhawa Mohammad Akram
Published: May 2024

Summary: Islam as a universal religion, presents a comprehensive and practical system of ethics for the entire humanity in every field of life. Medical ethics is one of the most important components of this extensive ethics system. Islamic medical ethics is the approach of dealing with and handling the healthcare practice and process according to the Islamic moral system and legislative sources (primarily ‘The Quran’ and ‘Hadith’). It is also adopted and promoted by several international organizations. Islamic ethics endorses the basic principles of biomedical ethics, i.e. Beneficence, non-maleficence, confidentiality, justice, truth-telling, autonomy and informed consent, which have been mainly derived from the “Hippocratic Oath”, with some additions and modifications.  Moreover, Islamic teachings present some additional moral values over these basic ethical principles. The present manuscript aims to concisely highlight the evolution and history of bio-medical ethics, briefly describe its basic concepts and focus on the influence of teachings, principles and characteristics of Islam on this important aspect of medical practice. In the end, some important relevant topics such as the general responsibilities of the doctor, protection of life, legal status of treatment and status of treatment with prohibited substances, in the light of Islam, are also discussed briefly.
Keywords: Medical ethics, Hippocratic Oath, basic principles of ethics, Islamic perspective.
Efficacy Of Triamcinolone Injection In Management Of Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Iqbal Humera , Luqman Uzair , Zulfiqar Kanwal , Rizwan Zarnab , Zulfiqar Mobina Fatima
Published: May 2024

Objective: To study the efficacy of triamcinolone injection in the treatment of oral lichen planus patients presented to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery at KRL General Hospital Islamabad.
Method: This study was conducted in the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Kahuta Research Laboratories Islamabad. 100 patients who fulfilled the inclusion-exclusion criteria were selected. All the enrolled patients were treated with intralesional TA injection once a week for 4 weeks. A 0.5ml TA (40mg/ml) dose was used. The subepithelial tissue just beneath the lesion and next to the normal mucosa was the exact location of the injection. The treatment was stopped earlier when all three of the symptoms of burning, pain and patch colour were removed. The patients were examined clinically on the 7th, 14th, and 21st day of treatment and based on the examination, the decision of the next dose was decided. The final examination of the patient was on the 28th day of treatment. To assess the oral pain and burning, we used the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) having 10 grades (0-10).
Results: The mean age of the patients in the study was 35.47±13.459 ranging from 18 to 65 years. In frequency of gender of the patients, there were 57(57%) male and 43(43.0%) female patients. In frequency of distribution of patients, 38(38.0%) patients had unilateral while the remaining 62(62.0%) had bilateral disorders. In frequency of efficacy, 87(87.0%) patients found with improved symptoms and 13(13.0%) were not improved/inefficient.
Conclusion: This study concluded as much of previous literature concluded that the efficacy and safety of intralesional TA injection were found efficient after observation at 28th weeks of treatment.
Keywords: Triamcinolone injection, Oral lichen planus, Efficacy, Reticular, Plaque.
Comparison Of Outcomes Between Early And Delayed Reduction Of Nasal Bone Fractures
Authors: Kousar Amna , Chaudhry Sadia , Masood Sundas , Akram Ansa Umara , Javaid Amna , Piracha Adia Bushra
Published: May 2024

Objective: To determine the outcomes of early versus delayed reduction of nasal bone fractures in terms of patient satisfaction and postoperative pain.
Study Design: Comparative study.
Study Setting & Duration: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, at Rawalpindi Teaching Hospital, Rawalpindi. The duration of the study was 6 months after approval by the Ethical Committee from February 2023 to July 2023.
Materials and Methods: A total of 96 patients were selected. The study participants were individuals who, according to operational definitions, had nasal bone fractures and presented for evaluation at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery at Rawalpindi Teaching Hospital, Rawalpindi. Patients were divided into two groups. Patients who underwent early reduction (within 2 weeks of trauma) were included in Group A while those who underwent delayed reduction (more than 2 weeks) were included in Group B. They also met all inclusion and exclusion criteria requirements and these requirements were strictly adhered to to control confounders and bias. Patients were chosen via a series of non-probability sampling. SPSS 28 was used to determine the frequencies in the data.
Results: A total of 96 patients were included in this study. Out of which 52(54.17 %) were males and 44(45.8 %) were females. Patients who underwent early reduction had higher mean satisfaction scores on the seventh and fourteenth postoperative day (4.22 ± 0.75 and 4.60 ± 0.49 respectively) than those who underwent Delayed reduction (2.41± 0.82 and 2.93 ± 0.80 respectively). Patients who underwent early reduction had a better mean Pain Intensity score at 0(2.37 ± 0.81)3rd (1.37 ± 0.81), and 7th-day (0.58 ± 0.49) than the Delayed reduction, at 0(5.83 ± 1.20), 3rd (5.08 ± 0.67), and 7th-day (4.31 ± 0.58). Patient discomfort was more intense in the delayed reduction group than in the early reduction group. Early reduction led to higher patient satisfaction and a better mean pain intensity score.
Conclusion: The results of nasal fractures between the early and delayed reduction groups did differ statistically significantly. Early reduction decreased  pain intensity and increased patient satisfaction.
Keywords: early reduction, delayed reduction, nasal bone fractures, Nasal bone.
Frequency of DÉJÀ VU Experience and Its Relationship with Stress in Students of The Medical University of Islamabad
Authors: Riaz Mehwish , Hamza Hafiz Muhammad , Nayab Khawaja Uzair , Janjua Faizan Tanveer , Ali Ashraf Danish , Malik Muhammad Muiz
Published: May 2024

Objective: This research aims to evaluate the frequency of déjà vu experience in medical students and its relationship with stress along with different prognostic factors that lead to déjà vu experience.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at  Foundation University Islamabad over 4 months from May 2023 to August 2023. The sample size (239) was calculated using open Epi software with a previous prevalence of 67%. Stratified random sampling was used to select students. Data was collected through a questionnaire containing demographic variables from a validated déjà vu inventory and stress tool. Analysis was done on a validated déjà vu inventory and perceived stress scale 10. SPSS 26 was used to assess the relationship between stress and the frequency of déjà vu using the chi-square test, with statistical significance at p<0.05.
Results: 89.2% of the participants reported that they had experienced this sensation at least once in their life. The most popular ways this feeling happened were in a certain place or a certain situation. The association between stress and Déjà vu experiences was found to be significant(p-value 0.012)
Conclusion: 89.2% of the participants reported that they had experienced Déjà vu sensation at least once. There was a significant association between stress among medical university students and Déjà vu experience.
Keywords: Déjà vu, Stress, Familiarity, Sensation, Epilepsy, Dopamine.
Association Of Conjunctival Vitreous Reflux With Intraocular Pressure Spikes After Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection
Authors: Abbasi Kanwal  Zareen , Jameel Ameera , Khan Muhammad Rizwan , Mirza Bilal Humayun , Tariq Salman , Abbasi Muhammad Sajid Rafiq
Published: May 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effect of conjunctival vitreous reflux on intraocular pressure immediately after intravitreal bevacizumab injection.
Methods: A prospective interventional study was done at Benazir Bhutto Hospital, for 6 months from 13-01-2021 to 12-07-2021.Patients were selected through a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. A total of 88 eyes undergoing intravitreal bevacizumab were included in the study. IOP was checked before injection, immediately after injection, at 30 minutes and 60 minutes. The presence or absence of conjunctival reflux was noted. Data was analyzed to see the association of post-injection IOP and conjunctival reflux.
Results: Those having conjunctival reflux positive had mean Intraocular pressure before intravitreal injection 13.14+2.569, the p-value was 0.0001. Immediately after injection at 0 minutes it was 27.95+3.988, and the p value was 0.0001. At 30 minutes, it was reduced to 21.58+2.814, the p-value was 0.0001, and at 60 minutes, the mean intraocular pressure was 17.26+1.853, and the p-value was 0.001. Those having conjunctival reflux negative had mean Intraocular pressure before intravitreal injection 13.44+2.981, p-value 0.0001. Immediately after injection at 0 minutes it was 33.69+5.608, and the p-value was 0.0001. At 30 minutes, it was reduced to 24.51+5.337, the p-value was 0.0001, and at 60 minutes, the mean intraocular pressure was 18.98+2.973, and the p-value was 0.001.
Conclusion: Patients with vitreous reflux positive had less IOP elevation as compared to those with vitreous reflux negative.
Keywords: Intravitreal bevacizumab injection, Intraocular pressure, conjunctival reflux.
Impact of Subclinical Hypothyroidism on Pregnancy and Newborn
Authors: Suman Kamuran , Gök Ebru , Büyük Musa , Suman Murat
Published: May 2024

Objective: The normal free T4 level together with a high TSH level is called subclinical hypothyroidism. In this study, we investigated cases of subclinical hypothyroidism diagnosed in the first trimester for possible adverse effects. The study aims to show the pregnancy outcomes and neonatal effects.
Material and Methods: The study we planned was conducted retrospectively as a record study based on diagnoses. Three hospitals; one city and two state hospitals, were included in our study. Pregnant women treated at these centers between 2019 and 2021 were included the screening of newborns was similarly performed by our pediatric colleagues, based on the diagnosis in the form of scanning the files.
Results: It became statistically significant when prematurity (p: 0.005), fetal weight, and week of birth were evaluated. The T4 values of the pregnant women who taken part in the study were normal, and their TSH values were ≥ 2.5-4 mIU/L. The evaluation showed that preterm birth was statistically higher and fetal weight and week of birth were significantly lower.
Conclusions: In the study of pregnant women diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism, it was found that the preterm delivery rate was higher than in the control group, and the delivery week was also lower than in the control group.
The coloration of Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904) (Caridea, Atydae) fed with live microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis and the cyanobacteria Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis
Authors: Luna-Vivaldo Irán , Pérez-Legaspi Ignacio Alejandro , Jiménez-García María Isabel , Ortega-Clemente Luis Alfredo , Platas Pinos Ana Leticia
Published: May 2024

Haematococcus pluvialis synthesizes and accumulates astaxanthins, while Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis produces phycocyanins. The ornamental shrimp Neocaridina davidi is commercially important for its variety and intensity of coloration. We evaluate the effect on the coloration of N. davidi by consuming H. pluvialis and S. platensis as a food supplement to preserve their nutritional quality. H. pluvialis was subjected to stress to obtain aplanospores with astaxanthin. Live microalgae were included in gelled spheres to provide them as a supplement to three-day-old N. davidi juveniles with different phenotypes: wild (NdW), red (NdR), and blue (NdB). The experiment involved the commercial food supply and spheres with or without microalgae for 31 days. Chromatophores present in the uropod of each phenotype were examined, their number and expansion estimated, and the area covered by optical density (OD). Results show that H. pluvialis reached a greater astaxanthin accumulation on day 30. The coloration of the NdR and NdB phenotypes improved by consuming microalgae, increasing the OD in the uropod. NdB phenotype showed better coloration when consuming S. platensis (56.2%), while the NdR phenotype was more favored when consuming H. pluvialis (74.2%). The chromatophores expanded their area by doubling in the NdR and NdB phenotypes, where H. pluvialis increased its intensity four times in NdR. The number of chromatophores was significant only in NdR with S. platensis. In conclusion, gelling is a viable method to preserve the nutritional quality of live microalgae and transfer bioactive compounds that improve the coloration of N. davidi.
Diel vertical migration of Nannocalanus minor and Eucalanus inermis (Copepoda: Calanoidea) associated with the oxygen minimum zone in northern Chile
Authors: Cobo Richard , Hidalgo Pamela , Fierro-González Pamela , Ruz-Moreno Paula
Published: May 2024

The semi-permanent coastal upwelling system within the Humboldt Current System (HCS) off northern Chile provides nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor water to the euphotic zone that contributes to high levels of primary production and restricts the vertical distribution of most zooplankton species according to their tolerance to hypoxia within this highly heterogeneous environment. The day/night vertical distributions of two calanoid copepods, Eucalanus inermis and Nannocalanus minor, were studied concerning the presence of oxygen-poor water associated with the Oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) at a coastal and an offshore station off northern Chile (~20°S), by stratified sampling from the surface to a depth of 600 m. At the coastal station, most of the population of both species remained above the OMZ, whereas at the offshore station, most populations remained at the edge of the OMZ. Both species exhibited reverse diel vertical migration between day and night and were positively correlated with dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a, suggesting that both species may prefer oxygenated waters and avoid the OMZ. However, E. inermis and N. minor exhibited distinct behavior, with E. inermis displaying significant variations among stations and strata and N. minor showing differences only among strata, particularly in the upper strata where it was more aggregated. The results helped us understand the behavior and distribution of zooplankton related to OMZ and how they may change as ocean temperature increases worldwide.
Metabolic and immune status of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei concerning farming conditions
Authors: Apún-Molina Juan Pablo , Robles-Romo Arlett , Matsumoto Takeo , Racotta Ilie S.
Published: May 2024

Biomarkers for monitoring shrimp health have been proposed but scarcely evaluated at the farm level. We analyzed several indicators of energy status in shrimp under farming conditions concerning stocking densities (100 m-2 with biofloc, 15 and 7 m-2). The influence of the year's season (temperature) was also analyzed, and, finally, an unfortunate event of White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection occurred on the 7 m-2 farms, adding another condition. At shrimp sampling from ponds, the effect of acute handling stress was also analyzed for indicators typically affected by such procedure with a 3- and 10-fold increase in glucose and lactate levels in hemolymph, respectively, regardless of density. This response was partially blunted at lower temperatures and WSSV incidence. Increased levels of protein in the hepatopancreas, adenylic energy charge (AEC) in both hepatopancreas and muscle and phosphagens in muscle were observed in shrimp from the 100 m-2 farms, suggesting a better nutritional and energetic status in shrimp cultured at high density with biofloc technology. Shrimp with WSSV presented lower hemocyanin levels in hemolymph, most likely associated with its role in the immune response. In WSSV-infected shrimp, the stress response regarding glucose increase was blunted, whereas a stress-induced increase in triglycerides (TG) levels in hemolymph was observed only with WSSV. Increased TG levels in those shrimp hepatopancreas could indicate a switch from carbohydrate to lipid-based metabolism associated with the preferential use of carbohydrates (Warburg effect) for virus replication in the early infection state.
Essential features of in vitro fish cell culture: an overview
Authors: Lazaro Talita Maria , Rocha Nathalia Raissa de Alcântara , Levy-Pereira Nycolas , De Sousa Ricardo Luiz Moro
Published: May 2024

The reports of fish cell cultivation date back to the early 20th century, and since then, it has become a tool of great importance for different areas of ichthyology, such as immunology, toxicology, and biotechnology. The cell cultivation methodology can vary according to the species and cell type, requiring knowledge of the specificities and characteristics of the target cell for them to be efficiently cultured. In this review, we address the main characteristics of the in vitro culture of fish cells, presenting their purposes, uses, main parameters, and different characteristics necessary for the culture environment. Finally, we present the experiences in Brazil using cell culture techniques.
New species and reclassification of the fossil assassin bug Koenigsbergia (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Phimophorinae)
Authors: Ramirez Jamie , Bugaj-Nawrocka Agnieszka , Taszakowski Artur , Weirauch Christiane
Published: May 2024

The assassin bug genus Koenigsbergia Popov, 2003 is currently monotypic and represented by a female holotype from Baltic Amber (~33.9–55.8 MYA). The genus was originally described within Phymatinae (Phymatine Complex or phymatine clade). However, our literature review reveals that the amber fossil likely belongs to the subfamily Phimophorinae, which is distantly related to the phymatine clade. The recent acquisition of one male and one nymph of Koenigsbergia provides the opportunity to reevaluate the systematic placement of this genus. We here examine the new fossils, concluding that the adult male represents an undescribed species, and describe it as Koenigsbergia explicativa, new species. Our morphological comparison between Phimophorinae, Phymatinae, and Koenigsbergia (macro imagining, scanning electron microscopy) shows that the fossil genus shares notable similarities with Phimophorus Bergroth, 1886 and Mendanocoris Miller, 1956. We therefore formally transfer the fossil genus to Phimophorinae.
Cocconeis crisscrossis sp. nov., a new monoraphid diatom (Bacillariophyta) from southern China
Authors: Zhou Huiwen , Yu Pan , Guo Luyi , Kociolek John Patrick , Wang Quanxi , You Qingmin
Published: May 2024

A novel monoraphid diatom species, Cocconeis crisscrossis You, Yu, Kociolek & Wang, sp. nov. is examined and described from the Qingyi River and Maolan Nature Reserve of southern China. The morphological description is based on light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations and the new species is compared with similar taxa in this genus. The characteristics unique to Cocconeis crisscrossissp. nov. include its central area extending irregularly to both sides, it having closed valvocopulae with heavily silicified fimbriate margins and poles of the valvocopulae have ‘sword-shaped’ siliceous extensions. These features differentiate this new species from others in the genus. This new species was found in alkaline waterbodies, including streams, waterfall and ponds. It was usually found as an epiphyte on the stones; however, it was present on other substrates such as mosses.
Interplay of hypoxia and host cells in the translocation, invasion and dissemination of Taenia solium in neurocysticercosis
Authors: Ayerakwa Eunice , Abiola Isawumi
Published: May 2024

Neurocysticercosis, caused by the invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by Taenia solium larvae, poses a significant global health burden. Despite its prevalence and severe neurological consequences, understanding of the molecular and signalling pathways facilitating parasite dissemination and CNS invasion is limited. The lack of comprehensive knowledge of host-parasite interactions and associated proteins involved in T. solium infection hinders the development of targeted interventions to mitigate its ability to cross the epithelia barrier. This is complicated by reduced oxygen availability in the intestine, a phenomenon called hypoxia. Hypoxia can result in epithelial barrier disruption and cell damage, thereby promoting the translocation and dissemination of T. solium. This study aims to establish the role of hypoxia in T. solium invasion and disseminated infections. The effect of hypoxia on the migration, viability and morphological characteristics of T. solium would be determined using transwell invasion assays, flow cytometry and microscopy. T. solium oncosphere development and dissemination under hypoxic and normoxic conditions will be monitored using animal models. Also, host-parasite transcriptome and proteome profiling will be performed to determine pathways triggered under hypoxic conditions. It is expected that hypoxia would promote the invasion and dissemination of T. solium by enhancing epithelial and endothelial cell permeability. , hypoxia will induce the expression of binding and adhesion proteins and other virulence markers such as enolase, serpin, and glutathione transferases that are involved in host invasion. Understanding the role of hypoxia in the translocation mechanism of T. solium can be leveraged to provide insights into host tissues dissemination and the development of appropriate interventions.
Women Leaders in HEIs and Beyond
Authors: Fernandez-Vallado Maybel
Published: May 2024

This chapter highlights the pivotal role of women leaders in the Philippines advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) with a particular focus on higher education institutions (HEIs) and their contribution to food security, equal access to education, gender equality, and climate change mitigation. It underscores the significance of women leadership across various sectors, including higher education, government, environmental management, and policy making. Using the grounded theory approach to qualitative research, the study discusses how the women leaders' initiatives in HEIs and other development projects work towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The need for continued support and recognition of their vital role underscores the transformative impact of women leaders in driving sustainable development in the Philippines and collective commitment required to achieve these global goals. The significant role of media, particularly journalism, is also emphasized in pursuing the SDGs.
Women Leaders' Contribution to UN SDG-16
Authors: Thorat Joycia , Gopal Nirmala Devi , Deora Kritika
Published: May 2024

Women leaders have historically been at the forefront of transformative change. They make significant contributions at the grassroots, as well as at regional and international levels. In the area of governance, women leaders bring a nuanced perspective, fostering inclusivity and dismantling systemic barriers. Their journey from grassroots activism to international platforms symbolizes a commitment to building bridges and dismantling walls, echoing the essence of interconnectedness. At the core of their influence lies an unwavering dedication to peace. The chapter aims to highlight the significance of women's leadership within the framework of UNSDG 16 having far-reaching effects of their involvement, emphasizing the collaborative effort, and contribution to transcend borders, illustrating the shared responsibility of nurturing a world and ensuring decision-making and strengthening institutions, justice, and peace.