bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Study of Stress Conditions on Growth and Proteome of Raoultella Planticola: A New Emerging Pathogen
Authors: Hajian Zeynab , Ghasemi Mohammad Faezi , Alikhani Fatemeh(Elham)
Published: February 2021

All bacteria can survive and adapt to different stresses such as fluctuations in temperature, pH oxidative, and osmotic pressure occurring in their surrounding environments. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a variety of stress conditions on the growth, and proteome of Raoultella planticola PTCC 1598. R. planticola cells were exposed to different values of temperatures, sodium chloride, pH, and hydrogen peroxide stresses. Amongst the stress conditions, oxidative stress upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 4000 ppm concentration was selected for proteomics analysis in detail. Approximately 1400 spots were identified in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Among the identified spots, 85 spots were repeatable using 2D-Platinum software and eye confirmation and, nine protein spots were differentially expressed. Among nine proteins, six proteins identified successfully with a MASCOT score greater than 40 (p<0.05) were 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoate-2, 3-dehydrogenase (oxidoreductase family), D-galactose-binding periplasmic protein, uridine phosphorylase (glycosyltransferases), uridine phosphorylase, a single peptide match to cysteine-binding periplasmic protein, and NADP(H) nitroreductase. All identified proteins showed decreased level expression. Based on the obtained results, we concluded that hydrogen peroxide as an antiseptic compound could affect cell growth and proteomics of R.planticola. So, we recommend using an antiseptic solution containing H2O2 to prevent the spread of R.planticola as a new emerging pathogen.
Dual-sensitized modification engineering with enhanced photocatalytic degradation for organic dye
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Zhang Jiejing , Fu Wuyou
Published: February 2021

In order to use solar irradiation efficiently, we should fabricate a high reactive photocatalyst under the visible light. It has been clearly revealed that if the titanium dioxide (TiO2) is irradiated with light, as a stable catalyst, excited electron–hole pairs of it could apply in degrading organic pollutants, but the wavelength of optical absorption is narrower than 380 nanometers. In this work, we designed and fabricated a unique TiO2 base heterojunction photocatalyst dual-sensitized by cadmium sulfide (CdS) and lead sulfide (PbS) with wide-spectrum (300-800 nm) response. Moreover, the degradation efficiency of nanocomposites reached 99.9% under visible light, which was 5 times over pure TiO2. This ternary Z-scheme structure materials will be well-promising photocatalysts.
Structural, optical and electronic characteristics of non-stoichiometric nano cadmium sulfide
Authors: Heiba Zein K. , Mohamed Mohamed Bakr , Farag Noura M. , Badawi Ali
Published: February 2021

Samples of non-stoichiometric nano CdS1 − x were synthesized by a simple thermolysis method by lowering the ratio of thiourea relative to cadmium acetate as starting precursors; Cd(Ac):(1-x) thiourea (x = 0.0, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1). X’pert HighScore Plus program manifested biphasic CdS (cubic and hexagonal) and the Rietveld analysis was utilized to match the structural and microstructure parameters of the formed samples. The possibility of formed CdS1 − xOx alloy due to the sulfur deficiency is also examined using the Rietveld method. A High-resolution transmission electron microscope imaging exhibited nano size particles with homogeneous morphology. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was utilized to confirm the existence of O2 in CdS1 − x matrix. The bandgap energies for CdS1 − x are reduced below the values of energy gaps of CdS and CdO upon increasing the parameter (x) forming a band gap “bowing”. The photoluminescence (PL) emitted visible colors depending on the amount of sulfur deficiency and excitation wavelength used. The maximum PL intensity observed in CdS0.9 sample, confirmed the presents of oxygen inside the matrix. The influence of oxygen substitution or vacancies of sulfur on the electronic structure and optical features of CdS was also investigated applying density function calculations.
Use of Teach-Back Methodology to Promote Self-management and Treatment Adherence in Children With Chronic Illness: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol
Authors: McCrossan Patrick , Ferris Kathryn , Shields Michael , O'Donoghue Dara
Published: February 2021

Introduction Chronic disease in childhood is becoming more prevalent worldwide. Self-management skills can only be taught with effective communication between the health care worker and the patient or primary care provider. ‘Teach-back’ is one proposed method for providing this education which has yielded success in adult populations but is not yet fully employed in the paediatric setting. Aims To determine whether the ‘teach-back’ technique is effective and feasible at all levels of care (primary, secondary and tertiary) to improve the self-management skills and knowledge required for a young person, or their parent/guardian, to control their chronic illness. Methods We have developed a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analyses in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P) statement and have registered it with Prospero [CRD42021229025].
Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome in Chinese Patients: A Literature Review of 120 Families
Authors: Zhang Guofeng , Chen Xianmeng , Xu Kaifeng , Hu Xiaowen
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo clarify the epidemiological and clinical features of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS) in Chinese patients. MethodsWe identified reports on Chinese patients with BHDS by searching the China Academic Journals Database, Wanfang Chinese Database, and PubMed databases, either in Chinese or English languages published from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2020. Studies without sufficient clinical data were excluded and cases under 18 years old were excluded. ResultsTwenty papers were included and comprised 120 families with 221 cases. Most families with BHDS were reported from institutions in Beijing (66.7%) and Jiangsu Province (15.8%); 80.8% of cases were reported within the past five years. The average duration from clinical presentation to diagnosis was 9.6 years. The average age was 47.0±13.9 years (range, 18-84 years) and the ratio of male to female was 1:1.6. The most common manifestations of BHDS were multiple pulmonary cysts (92.4%), spontaneous pneumothorax (71.0%), skin lesions (18.1%) and renal tumors (3.6%). Pulmonary cysts were predominantly distributed in the lower lobe on chest CT imaging. Family history of spontaneous pneumothorax was identified in 84.7% of the families and average number of pneumothoraxes was 1.8 (range, 1-6). The FLCN gene mutation c.1285dupC/delC in exon 11 was the most frequent mutation observed (17.4% of patients). The recurrence rate of pneumothorax after conservative treatment (including tube thoracostomy) was 29/41 (71%) while the pneumothorax recurred after surgical treatment (pulmonary bullectomy or pleurodesis) in only 4/37 (11%).ConclusionsAlthough BHDS has been increasingly reported in the recent years, only minority of families were reported from institutions outside of Beijing and Jiangsu Province. The dominant clinical manifestations were pulmonary cysts associated with recurrent pneumothorax, while skin lesions and renal tumors were less commonly reported. Delayed diagnosis along with suboptimal management appear to represent critical challenges for Chinese patients with BHDS.
Investigating the Need for Calibration to Track Eye Movements: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Ameen Mohamed Abul Hassan , Aldridge Chad M. , Zhuang Yan , Yin Xuwang , McMurry Timothy , Rohde Gustavo K. , Southerland Andrew M.
Published: February 2021

Automated eye tracking technology could enhance diagnosis and treatment for many neurological diseases, including posterior circulation stroke. Much of the current literature focuses on gaze estimation through a form of calibration. Unlike other fields, medicine has a clear need to better track eye symmetry during movement for better detection of abnormal conjugacy, ductions, and vestibulo-ocular function in a variety of neurological diseases. However, patients with neuro-ocular deficits may have a difficult time completing a calibration procedure due to inattention and other associated neurologic deficits. Here, we investigate the need for calibration to measure the symmetry of eye movements in healthy individuals including testing fixations, smooth pursuits, and saccades. The results of this feasibility study suggest that calibration may not be necessary to measure and track binocular eye movements in tandem. The structure or shape which the eyes draw during visual tracking remain intact even without a calibration procedure. The preliminary study suggests that this technology can be deployed without a calibration procedure within this clinical context. Further research is needed to validate these findings in populations with neuro-ophthalmologic disease, including posterior circulation stroke.
Using Machine Learning Method for classification Body Mass Index for clinical decision
Authors: Amani Firouz , Mohammadnia Alireza , Amani Paniz
Published: February 2021

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is a good method for measure the overweight and obesity among people. The aim of this study was to develop a machine learning method to classification of BMI for clinical application.Methods: In this study we used the dataset of 1316 people who selected randomly from all area of Ardabil city. Dataset included demographic and anthropometric data. Classification algorithms such as Random forest (RF), Gaussian Naïve Bayes (GNB), Decision Tree (DT), Support-Vector Machines (SVM), Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP), K-nearest neighbors (KNN) and Logistic Regression (LR) were used for classification of people based on BMI data. The performance of algorithms were evaluated with Precision, Recall, Mean Squared Errors (MSE) and Accuracy. All programing done in python.3.7 in Jupyter Notebook. Results: According to BMI, 603(45.8%) of all samples were normal and 713 (54.2%) were at-risk. The precision of RF, GNB, DT, SVM, MLP, KNN and LR for people at risk was 0.93, 0.86, 0.99, 0.82, 100, 0.82 and 0.99 respectively. Also, the accuracy of RF, GNB, DT, SVM, MLP, KNN and LR were 95%, 83%, 100%, 82%, 100%, 82% and 100 %. Conclusion: In compare classification algorithms results showed that, the LR , MLP and DT had the higher full accuracy than other algorithms in detection of people at-risk.
Linking the Wrangellia Flood Basalts to the Galápagos Hotspot
Authors: Shellnutt J. Gregory , Dostal Jaroslav , Lee Tung-Yi
Published: February 2021

The Triassic volcanic rocks of Wrangellia erupted at an equatorial to tropical latitude that was within 3000 km of western North America. The mafic and ultramafic volcanic rocks are compositionally and isotopically similar to those of oceanic plateaux that were generated from a Pacific mantle plume-type source. The thermal conditions, estimated from the primitive rocks, indicate that it was a high temperature regime (T P > 1550°C) consistent with elevated temperatures expected for a mantle plume. The only active hotspot currently located near the equator of the eastern Pacific Ocean that was active during the Mesozoic and produced ultramafic volcanic rocks is the Galápagos hotspot. The calculated mantle potential temperatures, trace elemental ratios, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes of the Wrangellia volcanic rocks are within the range of those from the Caribbean Plateau and Galápagos Islands, and collectively have similar internal variability as the Hawaii-Emperor island chain. The paleogeographic constraints, thermal estimates, and geochemistry suggests that it is possible that the Galápagos hotspot generated the volcanic rocks of Wrangellia and the Caribbean plateau or, more broadly, that the eastern Pacific (Panthalassa) Ocean was a unique region where anomalously high thermal conditions either periodically or continually existed from ~230 Ma to the present day.
The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality for Rehabilitation of Parkinson Disease: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Lu Yaqin , Ge Yonggui , Chen Wanqiang , Xing Wenting , Wei Lushan , Zhang Caixia , Yang Yusheng
Published: February 2021

Background: An increasing number of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) of clinical trials have begun to investigate the effects of virtual reality (VR) in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). The aim of this overview of was to systematically summarize the current best evidence for the effectiveness of VR therapy for the rehabilitation of people with PD.Methods: We searched SRs/MAs based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for relevant literature in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library databases from inception to December 5, 2020. The methodological quality of included SRs/MAs was evaluated with the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2), and the evidence quality of outcome measures with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: A total of nine SRs/MAs were included. The evaluation with AMSTAR-2 showed that all included SRs/MAs but one were rated as low or critically low quality studies. The GRADE criteria revealed 19 studies with very-low-quality evidences, 20 with low-quality evidences, 8 with moderate-quality evidences, and 1 with high-quality evidence. Effectiveness evaluation showed that VR therapy had greater improvement of stride length compared with control groups. However, there were inconsistent results (better or similar effects) regarding to gait speed, gait ability, balance, global motor function, activities of daily living, quality of life, postural control, cognitive function, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.Conclusions: VR therapy appears to be a promising and effective treatment for PD, but there is still a lack of high-quality evidence. In the future, rigorous-designed, high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes are needed to further verify the effectiveness of VR therapy in the treatment of PD.
Clinicopathological Findings of Systemic Epstein-Barr-Positive CD8-positive T-lymphoproliferative Diseases in Younger and Older Patients 
Authors: Wang Ziyao , Kimura Shoichi , Iwaksaki Hiromi , Takase Ken , Oshiro Yumi , Gamachi Ayako , Makihara Kosuke , Ogata Masao , Daa Tsutomu , Momosaki Seiya , Takamatsu Yasushi , Takeshita Morishige
Published: February 2021

Background: Systemic Epstein-Barr virus+ CD8+ T-cell lymphoma (sEBV+ CD8+ TCL) occurs in childhood and young adults, and exceptionally rare in older individuals. Methods: We investigated clinicopathological features in 16 patients of various ages with systemic EBV+ CD8+ T-lymphoproliferative diseases. Results: Eight younger and four of eight older patients had sEBV+ CD8+ TCL, with invasion by medium-sized to/or large atypical lymphocytes primarily in bone marrow and lymph nodes, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), and progressive clinicopathological course. Other two patients demonstrated EBV+ node-based CD8+ large TCL without HLH, while the remaining two had systemic form of chronic active EBV infection (sCAEBV) with CD8+ small lymphocytes. Past history of sCAEBV-like lesions was observed in one sEBV+ TCL patient (8.3%). Immunohistologically, in 12 sEBV+ TCL patients, atypical lymphocytes were positive for phosphate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (66.7%), CMYC (83.3%), and p53 (75%). Programmed cell death-ligand (PD-L)1+ tumor cells and strong reaction of PD-L1+ non-neoplastic cells were detected in nine sEBV+ TCL patients (75%). Clonal peaks of the T-cell receptor (TCR)γ gene were detected in eight sEBV+ TCL patients by polymerase chain reaction. Four younger patients in sEBV+ TCL (33.3%) are in remission with cytotoxic therapies including etoposide, and the three underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Conclusion: sEBV+ CD8+ TCL was observed in younger and older patients with less history of sCAEBV. HLH, tumor cell atypia, immunohistological findings, and progressive clinical course were characteristic in sEBV+ CD8+ TCL. Prompt cytotoxic treatments and SCT induced tumor regression in sEBV+ CD8+ TCL patients.
Somatic Mutations in Benign Breast Disease Tissues and Association With Breast Cancer Risk 
Authors: Winham Stacey , Wang Chen , Heinzen Ethan P. , Bhagwate Aditya , Liu Yuanhang , McDonough Samantha J. , Stallings-Mann Melody L. , Frost Marlene H. , Vierkant Robert A. , Denison Lori A. , Carter Jodi M. , Sherman Mark E. , Radisky Derek C. , Degnim Amy C. , Cunningham Julie M.
Published: February 2021

Background: Benign breast disease (BBD) is a risk factor for breast cancer (BC); however, little is known about the genetic alterations present at the time of BBD diagnosis, and how these relate to risk of incident BC. Methods: A subset of a long-term BBD cohort was selected to examine DNA variation across three BBD groups (42 future estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BC, 36 future estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) BC and 42 controls cancer-free for at least 16 years post-BBD). DNA extracted from archival formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks was tested and analyzed for presence of DNA alterations using a targeted panel of 93 BC-associated genes. To address artifacts frequently observed in FFPE tissues (e.g., C>T changes), we applied three filtering strategies based on alternative allele frequencies and nucleotide substitution context. Gene-level associations were performed using two burden tests, SKAT-O and logistic regression, and adjusted for clinical and technical covariates including epithelial percentage, histologic impression, patient age and year of BBD biopsy. Results: After filtering, the variant frequency of SNPs in our samples was highly consistent with population allele frequencies reported in 1KG/ExAC (0.986, p <1e-16). Ten genes were found to be associated with later cancer status by four of 12 association methods, with nominal p-values <0.05: MED12, MSH2, BRIP1, PMS1, GATA3, MUC16, FAM175A, EXT2, MLH1 and TGFB1. Additionally, analysis revealed 11 and 19 gene-level associations with p-values <0.05 and OR<1 for all cancer cases and ER- cases, respectively. Comparing between the three case groups, BBD ER+ cases were closer to controls in mutation profile, while BBD ER- cases were distinct. Notably, the variant burden was significantly higher in controls than in either ER+ or ER- cases. CD45 expression was associated with mutational burden (p=0.003).Conclusions: Somatic mutations were more frequent in benign breast tissue from women who did not develop cancer, opening questions of clonal diversity or immune-mediated restraint on future cancer development. CD45 expression was positively associated with mutational burden, most strongly in controls. Further studies in both normal and premalignant tissues are needed to better understand the role of somatic gene mutations and their contribution to future cancer development.
Prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (Cts) In Civil Shooters: Retrospective Neurophysiological Evaluation
Authors: Rajczewski Aleksander , Fabijański Artur , Bogusławski Ksawery , Kaźmierczak Michał , Huber Juliusz
Published: February 2021

Background: Shooting may impact the development of mononeuropathies in upper extremities nerves or cervical disc-root conflicts. The study aimed to assess whether shooting sports trained with a handgun by civils are a risk factor of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and other neuropathies of the upper extremity nerves.Method: Neurophysiological studies utilising electromyography (at rest-rEMG, during maximal contraction-mcEMG), electroneurography (ENG) and motor evoked potential (MEP) were applied in nine shooters (rigorously screened as positive using clinical examination for carpal tunnel syndrome among the population of 42) to confirm pathologies.Results: Increased muscle tension in rEMG and simultaneous decrease of motor units activity in mcEMG were recorded both in upper extremities of proximal and distal muscles in shooters than in healthy controls-volunteers, ENG examination confirmed CTS in shooting hand of four persons (4/42, 9,5%); all examined subjects suffered from brachial plexus pathologies on both sides (according to MEPs examinations) and two had ulnar neuropathy at the wrist on shooting side.Conclusions: Shooting is a moderate risk factor for CTS and significant for brachial plexus neuropathies.Trial registration: The Bioethics Committee of Poznan University of Medical Sciences approved the study (decision number 554/17 of 22 June 2017), performed following the Declaration of Helsinki.
Antibacterial Efficiency of Naturally Occurring Dyes and Mordants
Authors: ANSARI TAIYABA NIMRA , Iqbal Sanjeeda
Published: February 2021

The popularity of natural dyes is increasing day by day due to their properties such as soothing colors, non carcinogenic, non hazardous and safe for environment. Some natural dyes also have been reported antibacterial properties. In present research work flowers of Butea monosperma and Tagetes erecta were used for dye extraction. Banana pseudostem sap and Punica granatum rind taken as biomordant. High performance thin layer chromatography was conducted for identification of components of Butea monosperma, Tagetes erecta, Banana (Musa sp.) pseudostem sap and Punica granatum rind. Dyeing of two types of cotton fabrics performed at pre-optimized conditions. The antibacterial activity of dyed fabrics was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. Research finding supported the usage of Butea monosperma, Tagetes erecta, Banana (Musa sp.) pseudostem sap and Punica granatum rind in textile dyeing process.
Reforming smallholder farms to mitigate agricultural pollution
Authors: Yu Yingliang , Hu Yu , Gu Baojing , Reis Stefan , Yang Linzhang
Published: February 2021

China’s agriculture is dominated by smallholder farms, which have become major sources of negative environmental impacts including eutrophication, formation of haze, soil acidification, and greenhouse gas emissions. To mitigate these environmental impacts, new farming models including family farming, cooperation farming and industrial farming have emerged in recent years. However, whether these new farming practices would improve the economic and environmental performance as compared to the current smallholder farming has yet to be verified on ground level. In this paper, by using pilot farming cases within the watershed of Tai Lake, we found that alternative farming models produced 7% more crop yield, while using 8% less fertilizer, leading to an 28% decrease in pollutant emission per hectare. These alternative farming models have a 17% higher fertilizer use efficiency and 50% higher profit per hectare. Compared to smallholder farming, these alternative farming practices invest 27% more resources into agricultural facilities, including advanced machinery, and have a younger, better educated labor force as a consequence of a larger farm size and more specialization. These input changes substantially increase fertilizer use efficiency and reduce agricultural pollution. Policy arrangements to support and facilitate the uptake of these farming models will further promote the green development and sustainable intensification of agricultural production.
Influence of Feeding and Organism Age on the Acute Toxicity of Sodium Bromide to Artemia salina
Authors: Pillard David , Tapp Kelly
Published: February 2021

Bromide is a common ion found in freshwater and marine systems. Although normally at relatively low concentrations, higher levels may occur in point-released wastewaters as well as nonpoint runoff from agricultural or industrial locations where bromide compounds are used as biocides and disinfectants. In this study, the potential toxicity of NaBr in a saltwater environment was studied using the brine shrimp, Artemia salina. The confounding factors of organism age at test initiation and pre-test feeding were included in the test design. Survival of brine shrimp nauplii in several NaBr treatments up to 11,000 mg Br−/L (measured) was assessed after 24 h in both fed- and unfed-tests. In tests with unfed organisms, only the youngest (< 24 h old) nauplii had acceptable control survival (≥90%), while control survival for all of the tests with fed organisms (< 24 h old, < 48 h old, < 72 h old) was acceptable. There was also greater and more erratic mortality in the unfed tests. These data indicate feeding A. salina prior to initiating a short-term acute test improved performance. Not feeding the test organisms, especially in longer tests or when using > 24 h old organisms, may result in excessive control mortality and an invalid test. These studies show that, when healthy organisms are used in the toxicity tests, 11,000 mg/L of Br− (~ 14,200 mg/L NaBr) is not acutely toxic to Artemia salina.
Differential effects on the toxicity and bioconcentration of hexavalent and trivalent chromium on the rotifer Lecane papuana (Rotifera: Monogononta)
Authors: Garza-León Carlos Vicente , Fernández-Flores Cecilia Alejandra , Arzate-Cárdenas3 Mario Alberto , Rubio-Franchini Isidoro , Rico-Martínez Roberto
Published: February 2021

Heavy metals are still a matter of concern as they might reach aquatic environments due to anthropogenic activities like metal-mechanic or mining, which are part of the main economic activities in different regions around the world. The exposure to chromium may be linked to discharges from automotive and tannery industries, representing a threat to aquatic biota. In the environment, chromium presents two stable forms, the trivalent (CrIII) and the hexavalent (CrVI), which differ on their chemical properties, and thus, on their bioavailability and effects on organisms exposed to this metal. Therefore, this work was aimed to assess the effects of both chromium III and VI on the demographic responses of the rotifer Lecane papuana and describe how the bioconcentration of chromium affects survival and fecundity. For this purpose, acute toxicity (48 h) and chronic toxicity test (alterations on the intrinsic growth rate) were carried out. Moreover, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and metal body burden (MBB) were estimated after 24-h exposure to either CrIII or CrVI. Our results indicate that CrIII was less toxic according to their respective LC50 values (CrIII = 2.613 mg/L; CrVI = 0.177 mg/L). The intrinsic growth rate was significantly affected by CrIII while CrVI caused no significant changes but only at 0.0885 mg/L, which represents 0.5 of their respective LC50 value. Bioconcentration experiments demonstrated that L. papuana accumulated more CrIII before causing deleterious effects, although it was not as toxic as CrVI, which elicited toxic effects on L. papuana at concentrations of environmental concern.
Determination of toxic elements in meat products from Serbia packaged in tinplate cans
Authors: Stojanović Branislav , Janković Saša , Đorđević Vesna , Marjanović Sonja , Vasilev Dragan , Stojanović Zdenka , Balaban Milica , Antic Vesna
Published: February 2021

This work aimed to examine the influence of the storage period on the content of toxic elements (As, Cd, Pb, and Hg), in five types of canned meat products, which are regularly used in the Serbian Armed Forces. Cans of beef goulash (BG), pork ragout (PR), spam (SP), liver pate (LP), and meatballs in tomato sauce (MB), produced according to military standards, and stored under regular conditions (temperature up to max 25 °C and relative humidity up to max 75%), were analyzed in this research. Meat products were made according to the special military requirements, packed in tinplate cans, and stored for up to 6 years. The highest average contents of toxic elements were found to be 10.00 µg/kg for arsenic in BG, 35.91 µg/kg for cadmium in LP, 15.04 µg/kg for mercury in PR, and 8.00 µg/kg for lead in PR. The storage period did not significantly affect the level of toxic elements, although higher concentrations were found in samples stored for more than two years. The influence of raw materials, spices, and additives on the level of toxic elements in some meat products was also examined. None of the samples contained toxic elements at levels exceeding the currently maximum permitted levels. The consumption of this type of food represents a small risk to human health because the exposure of soldiers to toxic elements, calculated as weekly intake, is far below legal PTWI/TWI limits, established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
Comparative profiling of biofilm-production, quorum sensing system and virulence genes in human and ovine non-aureus staphylococci
Authors: Azara Elisa , Longheu Carla Maria , Attene Sonia , Sanna Silvana , Sale Marco , Addis Maria Filippa , Tola Sebastiana
Published: February 2021

Background: This study assessed the genetic characteristics shared by non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) responsible for human infections and those causing mastitis in dairy ewes. In a collaboration between animal and human health care professionals, we collected and identified 125 ovine and 70 human NAS isolates and compared them for biofilm production, presence of autolysins, microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMS), pyrogenic toxins, and agr alleles regulating quorum-sensing systems. Ovine NAS included: S. epidermidis (57), S. chromogenes (29), S. haemolyticus (17), S. simulans (8), S. caprae (6), S. warneri (5), S. saprophyticus, S. intermedius, and S. muscae (1 each) while human NAS included: S. haemolyticus (28), S. epidermidis (26), S. hominis (4), S. lugdunensis (4), S. capitis (3), S. warneri (2), S. xylosus, S. pasteuri, and S. saprophyticus subsp. bovis (1 each).Results: Based on colony characteristics on Congo Red Agar, 4 (3.2%) ovine, and 49 (70%) human isolates produced biofilm. Few S. epidermidis isolates harbored the icaA/D genes coding for the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) and the bhp, aap, and embp genes coding biofilm accumulation proteins. PCR amplification of the genes coding for autolysins (atlE and aae), microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs, sdrG and sdrF), enterotoxins (sea, seb, sec, sed, and see), and the toxic shock syndrome toxin (tsst), revealed that 40%, 39.2%, 47.2% and 52.8% of the sheep isolates carried atlE, aae, sdrF and sdrG, respectively, against 37.1%, 42.8%, 32.8%, and 60% of human isolates. Enterotoxins and tsst were not detected. Fifty-nine sheep isolates (all S. epidermidis, 1 S. chromogenes, and 1 S. haemolyticus) and 27 human NAS (all S. epidermidis and 1 S. warneri) were positive for the accessory gene regulator (agr), responsible for the regulation of virulence factors: agr-3se (57.8%) followed by agr-1se (36.8%) predominated in sheep, while agr-1se (65.4%), followed by agr-2se (34.6%) predominated in humans.Conclusions: This comparative study provided a detailed characterization of the putative virulence genes present in human and ovine NAS and indicated that the ability to form biofilms, observed mainly in human S. epidermidis, could be a major virulence factor facilitating colonization, infection, diffusion, and resistance.
Mathematical and Physical Analysis of the Shooting Techniques of High-pole Throwing Hydrangea 
Authors: Xu Shijun , Yang Pei , Luo Ge , Zeng Cong
Published: February 2021

By using the methods of literature and mathematical analysis, the present representative technical theory of high-pole throwing Hydrangea is analyzed, this paper analyzed the technical movements of the high-pole throwing Hydrangea of technology, such as the angle, speed and height of release of the athletes, as well as the running track data of the parabolic arc top height, the range of passing circle and the place of falling of the high-pole throwing Hydrangea champion in the 12th Guangxi Student Games in 2019. The results show that: the range of the angle of release is 640≤ α ≤720; when the angle of release is 640 lower limit, the velocity of release is v0≥13.04m/s lower limit, when the ball reaches the highest point, it passes through the lower edge of the circle. When the angle of release is 720 upper limit, the velocity of release isv0≥13.17m/s, the top of the arc of the ball is 1.8m away from the top of the circle, and it passes through the lower edge of the circle when it falls; when the angle of release is 660, the velocity of release is v0≤13.70m/s upper limit and the ball passes through the upper edge of the circle when it rises to the highest point; under the three circumstances, the arc top of the ball does not exceed the circle, and the height from the ground does not exceed 10m. At the same time, it proves the scientificity and reliability of the projection technique of Hydrangea.
Tracking the Progression & Influence of Beta-Amyloid Plaques Using Percolation Centrality and Collective Influence Algorithm: A Study using PET images
Authors: Kumar Gautam , Prasad Raghav , Mahajan Pranav , Baths Veeky
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Network analysis allows investigators to explore the many facets of brain networks, particularly the proliferation of disease, using graph theory to model the disease movement. One of the hypotheses behind the disruption in brain networks in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the abnormal accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles. In this study, the potential use of percolation centrality to study the movement of beta-amyloids, as a feature of given PET image-based networks, is studied. The PET image-based network construction is possible using a public access database - Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, which provided 551 scans. For each image, the Julich atlas provides 121 regions of interest, which are the network nodes. Besides, the inﬂuential nodes for each scan are calculated using the collective inﬂuence algorithm.Results: Analysis of variance (p¡0.05) yields the region of interest GM Superior parietal lobule 7A L, for which percolation centrality is signiﬁcant irrespective of the tracer type. Pairwise variance analysis between the clinical groups provides ﬁve and twelve Regions of Interest for AV45 and PiB. Multivariate linear regression between the percolation centrality values for nodes and psychometric assessment scores reveals Mini-Mental State Examination is a reliable metric. Finally, a ranking of the regions of interest is made based on the collective inﬂuence algorithm to indicate the anatomical areas strongly inﬂuencing the beta-amyloid network. Through this study, it is possible to use percolation centrality values to indicate the regions of interest that reﬂect the disease’s spread.
Modified Lorentz transformations and quantum mechanics
Authors: Hwang Jae-Kwang
Published: February 2021

We live in the 4-D Euclidean space. The 4th dimension is assigned as the absolute time (ct) axis and energy axis (cPt = E0) based on 4-dimensional Euclidean space. This 4th dimension can be indirectly felt through the observable relative time (ctl) and observable total energy (cPtl = E). The space-time distance is d(x1x2x3x4) = ctl. The modified Lorentz transformations are introduced by the time-matching of the absolute times in the 4-D Euclidean space. The size of x’ (or Dx’) of the moving object is expanded to the size of x = gx’ (or Dx = gDx’). These modified Lorentz transformations are approximated to the Lorentz transformations as t à tl when v/c << 1 and to the Galilean transformations as v/c is close to zero. The relative time (tl) and energy (E) are defined as the 4-dimensional distance and 4-dimensional volume, respectively. The geometrical space-time shape has the (x1,x2,x3,ct) coordinate system with the metric signature of (+ + + +) but not the (x1,x2,x3,ctl) coordinate system with the metric signature of (+ - - -). Therefore, d(x1x2x3x4)2 = (ctl)2 = (ct)2 +x2 = x12 + x22 + x32 + x42 and V(x1x2x3x4) = E = mc2 = D(ct)Dx1Dx2Dx3 from (x1,x2,x3,x4) of the geometrical space-time shape. The warped shape can be described as the wave function of the quantum mechanics. The instant force action, twin paradox and possible space travel are explained by the absolute time and wave function collapse of the modified Lorentz transformations and quantum mechanics.
Effects of mobility restrictions on mental health among young adults in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Carpio-Arias Tannia Valeria , Piedra Santiago , Nicolalde-Cifuentes Tomas Marcelo , Mogrovejo-Arias Diana Carolina , Padilla-Samaniego María Victoria , Tapia-Veloz Estephany Carolina , Vinueza-Veloz María Fernanda
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To explore the effects of mobility restriction on the mental health of Ecuadorian young adults. Methods: The current is a cross-sectional study that included 8426 young adults. Socio-demographic and mental health data were collected through an online survey during May and June 2020 in Ecuador. Data on mobility was extracted from Google Mobility Reports. Four aspects of the participants’ mental health were evaluated: eating behavior (emotional eating), depression, sleep quality and sense of coherence using previously validated instruments. Data were analyzed using linear regression using R. Results: Mean age of the participants was 22.85 (SD = 4.43), most of whom were women (n = 5943, 70.53%). During mandatory confinement, mobility due to retail and recreation, to groceries and pharmacies, to parks, to transit stations, to workplaces were reduced by nearly 50%. In contrast, mobility to places of residence increased by nearly 20%. A reduction in mobility to workplaces was associated to less healthy eating behavior, depression and worse sleep quality. Less healthy eating behavior was also associated to decreased mobility due to recreation and retail and increased mobility to transit stations. Sense of coherence was not associated to changes on mobility. Women and youngsters more often showed depression, less healthy eating behavior, worse quality of sleep and lower sense of coherence. Conclusion: Mobility restrictions during COVID-19 pandemic has negative effects on people's mental health. Prevention and health promotion measures directed to ameliorate the effects of confinement on mental health should target risk populations including women and youngsters.
The Diary Genre in the Description of Anti-imperial Ideas in the Ukrainian Literature of the XVIII Century
Authors: Velychkovska Yuliia
Published: February 2021

The article deal the general patterns and main trends in the formation and development of the genre of diary as a self-sufficient form in the national literature in the XVIII century, in the coverage of anti-imperial ideas on the example of memoirs "Home Protocol" (1717-1767) of General Treasurer Yakov Markovich, "Diary or Journal" (1722) and "Diary" (1727 - 1752) of General Cornet Nikolai Khanenko. Analyzes the special approach of J. Markovych and M. Khanenko to the creation of the diary genre. It is proved that the memoirs are characterized by a special manner of narration, reminiscent of a clerical reporting document. The authors described events from their own lives, intertwining them with national ones. Fixing the moments with inherent factual accuracy helped to create a holistic canvas of our history during the period of the development of imperial colonial policy in Ukraine. An important feature of the diary narrative is the conciseness and introversion of the narrative, which is explained by the concealment of independent comprehension and assessment of events by diaries. The social level of everyday poetics emphasized the colonial position of Cossack Ukraine in the eighteenth century. A systematic analysis of the genre features of the diaries "Home Protocol" by J. Markovych, "Diary or Journal" and "Diary" by M. Khanenko genre-wise and problematically interconnected with the Cossack chronicle, suggests that the superficial content of notes on historical events in Ukraine and abroad its boundaries, conciseness and introversion of the story, fixation of moments with factual accuracy, the intertwining of personal life events with national ones contributed to the establishment of anti-imperial themes in national literature, that influenced trends in national literature.
Baroque: Myth, Mythopoeia, and Mythopoetic Paradigm
Authors: Kryvoruchko S.
Published: February 2021

Zuenko M. Myth in the English Baroque Literature.
M. Bulgakov and XXth century lyterary process
Authors: Matsevko-Bekerska L.V.
Published: February 2021

Aleksieieva N. M. «The Master and Margarita» by M. Bulgakov in the Literary Context of the XXth Century (Artistic Synthesis. Narrative Strategies. Mythopoetics.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SESQUITERPENE LACTONES FROM Calea uniflora Less. AND THEIR LEISHMANICIDAL AND TRYPANOCIDAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Lima Tamires , Souza Rafaela , Moraes Milene , Matos Saulo , Almeida Fernando , Steindel Mário , Biavatti Maique
Published: February 2021

Calea uniflora Less., commonly known in Brazil as “erva-de-lagarto” and “arnica-da-praia”, is used in folk medicine to treat internal and external bruises and as anti-inflammatory. However, despite the popular use there is a lack of information in terms of isolation and biological evaluation of its secondary metabolites. Thus, the aims of this study were to identify and characterize compounds of C. uniflora leaves with trypanocidal and leishmanicidal potential. Methods: Structures of compounds were determined by HRESIMS spectra, and 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Then, they were tested for in vitro leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities against Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi intracellular amastigotes, respectively. Results: Four germacranolide-type sesquiterpene lactones were isolated and characterized from dichloromethane fraction: 2α-hydroxy-8β-2’,3’,5’-trihydroxy-angeloyloxycostunolide (1), desacetyleupaserrin (2), 2α-hydroxy-8β-3’-hydroxy-2’,5’-epoxyangeloyloxycostunolide (3) and ovatifolin (4). All compounds are described herein for the first time for C. uniflora and Calea genus. Lactones 1, 2 and 4 demonstrated weak or no inhibition of the T. cruzi amastigotes, whereas compound 3 revealed a moderate effect (36.8%). Regarding the leishmanicidal activity, 4 exhibited a 59.9% inhibitory effect on the growth of L. amazonensis. Conclusion: None of the isolated compounds presented promising trypanocidal effect and 4 was the most active compound against L. amazonensis amastigotes.
Effective removal of Cu2+ ions from polluted water using new bio-adsorbents
Authors: Jagadeeswara Reddy B. , Pala Sneha Latha , Biftu Wondwosen Kebede , Suneetha M. , Ravindhranath Kunta
Published: February 2021

Sorbents derived from stem powders of Feronia limonia (FLSP), Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (APSP) and Pumpkin (Cucurbitapepo) (PSP) plants are investigated for the removal of Cu2+ ions from polluted water by adopting batch methods of extraction. Extraction conditions are optimized for the effective removal of Cu2+ ions. High sorption capacities are observed: 175.5 mg/g for FLSP; 140.4 mg/g for APSP; 130.0 mg/g for PSP. Effective pH ranges are: 5 to 10 for FLSP; 6 to 10 for APSP and 7 to 10 for PSP. The three spent adsorbents can be regenerated and used. Thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous, endothermic and have positive change in entropy values. As ΔH values are more than 25.0 kJ/mole, the adsorption may be due to surface complex formation between Cu2+ ions and functional groups of the adsorbents viz., -OH, -COOH etc. in the effective pH ranges. The good adsorption behaviour of FLSP even in acidic pHs may be due to the ion-exchange of Cu2+ ions for H+ ions of the functional groups of the adsorbent. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo second-order model describe well the adsorption process. The sorbents are effectively applied to treat effluents from Cu-based industries and polluted lake water.
An Elite Scaffold and a Wonderful Pharmacophore in Drug Discovery: Styrylquinoline
Authors: Dhanawat Meenakshi , Mehta Dinesh Kumar , Das Rina
Published: February 2021

An Elite Scaffold and a Wonderful Pharmacophore in Drug Discovery:
Styrylquinoline
Adhatoda vasica (Nees.): A Review on its Botany, Traditional uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities and Toxicity
Authors: Shamsuddin Tahmida , Alam Muhammad Shaiful , Junaid Md. , Akter Rasheda , Hosen S.M. Zahid , Ferdousy Sakia , Mouri Nusrat Jahan
Published: February 2021

Background:

Adhatoda vasica (Nees.) of the family Acanthaceae has been used in the
Southeast tropical zone as it is efficacious against headache, colds, cough, whooping cough, fever,
asthma, dyspnea, phthisis, jaundice, chronic bronchitis, and diarrhea. It exhibits commendable pharmacological
activities.

Objective:

The aim of the review is to provide a systematic overview of pharmacological activities with toxicity and clinical assessment, phytochemistry of A. vasica along with its characterization, geographical observation, phenology, traditional uses as well as an organized representation of the findings.

Methods:

The overall information of A. vasica was collected from various resources, including books,
review papers, research papers, and reports which were obtained from an online search of globallyaccepted
scientific databases. ChemDraw software was used to draw the compound’s structure.

Results:

Phytochemical review on A. vasica has led to the collection of 233 compounds of different
types such as alkaloids, flavonoids, essential oils, terpenoids, fatty acids, phenols, etc. It is a promising
source of potential phytopharmaceutical agent that exhibits diverse pharmacological activities,
including antibacterial, antifungal, hepatoprotective, anti-ulcer, abortifacient, antiviral, antiinflammatory,
thrombolytic, hypoglycemic, anti-tubercular, antioxidant, and antitussive activities.

Conclusions:

The sufficient number of studies on ethno-pharmacology, traditional uses and pharmacological activities of A. vasica are conducted. Furthermore, it is necessary to study the activity of chemical constituents for new drug design and discovery from natural products.
Various Techniques for One-Pot Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazine (s-Triazine)
Derivatives: A Review
Authors: Kumari Sukhbeer , Singh Anupama
Published: February 2021

:

Recent studies have shown that one-pot synthesis is a boon for triazines synthesis. One-pot processes had significant success in carrying out complex reactions under mild and eco-friendly conditions. One-pot synthesis is environmentally benign and more economical than other processes in triazines synthesis. The triazine scaffold has provided the starting key point for the design and development of pharmaceutical molecules with wide range of biomedical applications. This review highlights the various methodologies involved for one-pot synthesis of 1,3,5-triazine scaffolds.
Recent Advancement in Polyphenols as Potential Antibacterial Agents: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ahluwalia Vivek , Iqbal Nusrat , Alam Samsul , Kumar Vinod , Thakur Lalitesh K. , Kumar Jitendra
Published: February 2021

:

New molecules of natural origin with antibacterial properties are urgently required to
control antibiotic resistance. Worldwide, antibiotic resistance is a key threat due to non-judicious
and incongruous use of antibiotics. Researchers are focusing on identifying molecules from plant
biodiversity that could have both antioxidant and antibacterial properties in one molecule. Much
importance has been given to the polyphenolic compounds from food commodities. The roles of
dietary habits in disease prevention have been credited to the presence of polyphenols with
antioxidant properties. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites with manifold vital roles, including
antibacterial activity. Numerous mechanisms like bacterial membrane destruction, destruction of
virulence factors, inhibition of the enzymes activity and toxins have been reported for antibacterial
activity. Also, hydroxyl, alkyl and acetate moiety on aromatic nucleus influences both antioxidant
and antibacterial activities. In this review, details are summarized concerning the antibacterial and
antioxidant properties of the key polyphenolic compounds.