bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phyloreferences: Tree-Native, Reproducible, and Machine-Interpretable Taxon Concepts
Authors: Cellinese Nico , Conix Stijn , Lapp Hilmar
Published: January 2022

Evolutionary and organismal biology have become inundated with data. At the same rate, we are experiencing a surge in broader evolutionary and ecological syntheses for which tree-thinking is the staple for a variety of post-tree analyses. To fully take advantage of this wealth of data to discover and understand large-scale evolutionary and ecological patterns, computational data integration, i.e., the use of machines to link data at large scale, is crucial. The most common shared entity by which evolutionary and ecological data need to be linked is the taxon to which they belong. We propose a set of requirements that a system for defining such taxa should meet for computational data science: taxon definitions should maintain conceptual consistency, be reproducible via a known algorithm, be computationally automatable, and be applicable across the Tree of Life. We argue that Linnaean names, the most prevalent means of linking data to taxa, fail to meet these requirements due to fundamental theoretical and practical shortfalls. We argue that for the purposes of data-integration we should instead use phylogenetic definitions transformed into formal logic expressions. We call such expressions phyloreferences, and argue that, unlike Linnaean names, they meet all requirements for effective data-integration.
Kahani Literacy Project
Authors: Iyengar Kalpana Mukunda
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on a community literacy project called the “Kahani” project, an approach to teaching diasporic Asian Indian American (AIA) children to write about and preserve their Indigenous (i.e., ethnic) Knowledge (Battiste & Youngblood, 2000). Language Arts curriculum in the US is predominantly Ameri-centric and limiting to children from minoritized communities, who come from complex and rich cultural backgrounds. The inclusive education questions the curriculum in schools for people from the non-mainstream communities. Educators who teach ‘other people's children' (Delpit, 1990) have to be accountable to disrupt the established non-inclusive official pedagogical practices, especially in Language Arts. The Kahani Literacy project model hypothesizes that communal/collective writing is beneficial. Educators must create supportive learning opportunities for diasporic writers to engage in writing about their lived experiences and world view in a shared and social setting through dialogic conferencing.
Controlled Process of Radiation-Induced Grafting by Chemical Vapour Deposition for the Synthesis of Metal Adsorbent
Authors: Othman Nor Azillah Fatimah , Selambakkannu Sarala , Tuan Abdullah Tuan Amran
Published: January 2022

Combination of high energy radiation and chemical vapour deposition in the grafting process for the synthesis of metal adsorbent was investigated. Radiation-induced grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto kenaf fiber was performed in vapour phase to develop adsorbent for removal of aluminum from aqueous solution. Morphological changes of cross-section kenaf fiber was observed via scanning electron microscope and the thickness of co-monomer in the final graft co-polymer was determined. The comparison in cross-section morphology between ungrafted kenaf fibers and grafted kenaf fiber shows approximately 3.88 [μm] thick of additional grafted layer. The functionalization of the grafted fiber using imidazole was calculated grametrically and verified by elemental analysis. Imidazole has proven to be effective on the adsorption of aluminum ion. It was found that the adsorbent could remove more than 99% aluminum with the highest adsorption capacity of 4.93 [mg/g] at pH 4 and 60 minutes reaction time.
Fermentable Sugar via Diluted Acid Hydrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse
Authors: Siti Kartini Enche Ab Rahim , Kasi Heymmela A.P. , Abdullah Norazharuddin Shah
Published: January 2022

The production of fermentable sugar from sugarcane bagasse acid hydrolysis method was investigated in this study. Experimentation on the determination of acid for hydrolysis was carried out to identify the suitable type of acid for the effective hydrolysis process. The results revealed that sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is a better hydrolysing agent than phosphoric acid (H3PO4). This study also analysed the impact of temperature, on the yield of fermentable sugar between the sugarcane bagasse. The highest amount of fermentable sugar of 10.26 g/L was produced by sugarcane bagasse at temperature of 90°C, acid concentration of 4% (w/v) and a reaction time of 3 hours.
Recovery of Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) from Monazite by Alkaline Fusion
Authors: Hazan Roshasnorlyza , Mohd Noor Hazwani , Mohamed Takip Khaironie
Published: January 2022

Malaysia has many potential mineral resources including some rare earth elements (REE) minerals such as monazite. REE play critical roles in the applications of advanced materials. Alkaline fusion was introduce to monazite to break the bonding between Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) and phosphate. In this study, critical parameter such as fusion temperature (100 °C to 250 °C) and duration (1 to 4 hours) were studied. The results shows that it is possible to recover nearly 100% of Neodymium after 2 hours fusion at 150 °C. In the other hand, more than 99% of Cerium and Lanthanum were recovered after 3 hours fusion at similar temperature. By recover most of the element, expectantly high yield of single LREE can be achieved in the forthcoming.
The Effects of MWCNT Addition to Physical Properties of ZTA-MgO Cutting Tool
Authors: Hamidon Nor Ezzati , Manshor Hanisah , Azhar Ahmad Zahirani Ahmad , Rejab Nik Akmar , Ali Afifah
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop ZTA-MgO-MWCNT cutting insert with enhanced properties and excellent tool performance that is suitable for high-speed machining. The effects of MWCNT addition on the physical properties of ZTA-MgO composites were investigated. The samples were fabricated using 80:20 composition (80 wt.% of Al2O3: 20 wt.% of YSZ) with fixed amount of MgO at 1.1 wt.% and MWCNT ranging from (0.1 – 0.5 wt.%) as secondary additives. The CNT was pre-treated in ethanol for 1 hour using an ultrasonic homogenizer before mixing and ball milled with Al2O3, YSZ and MgO compositions for 24 hours. The mixture is then pressed at 100 MPa into round-shaped cutting inserts mold after being dried at 100°C for 24 hours. The pressed samples were sintered at 1600 oC for 4 hour soaking time. XRD, density, porosity and shrinkage analysis performed on the samples. The XRD analyses indicate the presence of major phases were α-Al2O3, ZrO2, Zr0.963Y0.037O1.982 and MgAl2O4. The effect of MWNT addition on density, porosity and shrinkage of ZTA-MgO shows that density (4.210 g/cm3) and percentage of shrinkage (8.05%) obtained the highest value by 0.2 wt.% MWCNT compared with samples without CNT additives which is only 4.020 g/cm3 and 7.05% respectively. High density value indicates that the shrinkage percentage is also high, which corresponds to the densification of the composites. Poor dispersion of MWCNT within the matrix is highly accounted for agglomeration around Al2O3 grain boundaries and decreases in densification.
Evaluation of Olivine LiFePO4 Polyanionic Cathode Material Using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Ahmad Shahrul Izwan , Badrudin Fadhlul Wafi , Abdullah Abqari Luthfi Albert , Yahya Muhd Zu Azhan , Taib Mohamad Fariz Mohamad , Hassan Oskar Hasdinor
Published: January 2022

The first principles study on the LiFePO4 and FePO4 crystal has been evaluated using the density functional theory encrypted in the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) computer code. The structural properties, electronic properties, and intercalation voltage of the cathode material are presented. Without the Hubbard U parameter, the conventional functional of GGA-PBE and GGA-PBEsol unable to produce the experimental open-circuit voltage (OCV) and band gap (BG) of cathode material correctly. Generally, the value of the lattice parameter, OCV, and BG will increase as the U value is increased. For OCV, the suitable U value for the GGA-PBE and GGA-PBEsol is 3 eV, whereas, for BG, the appropriate U value for both functional is around 4.3 eV to 4.5 eV. Different Hubbard U value is needed for different functional. It is found that GGA-PBEsol + U is the best parameter to calculate the electrical properties of LiFePO4 ­­­­material.
Response Surface Methodology Optimization of Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal by Rice Husk Activated Carbon
Authors: Vin Lim Ke , Mohd Ghazi Rozidaini , Nik Yusoff Nik Raihan , Jani Musfiroh
Published: January 2022

High Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels in water indicate a vast amount of oxidizable matter that consumes a lot of dissolved oxygen in water. This results in adverse impacts on both aquatic ecosystems and human health. Wastewater from the fish cracker industry typically has high organic content and high COD value. In this study, rice husk was chosen as the raw material because of its abundance and economy. The optimum adsorption parameters such as flow rate, contact time, and initial COD concentration that affect adsorption by rice husk activated carbon were studied using Response Surface Methodology. The treatment was done in a continuous fixed-bed column. From the Box-Behnken design, it was determined that 68.09% removal percentage resulted from the best combination of 4.5 hours of contact time, 1 mL/min of flowrate, and 5% initial COD concentration. The SEM micrograph shows the adsorbent consists of a large number of pores before adsorption. Based on the study, rice husk activated carbon can be an alternative treatment for COD removal in wastewater. The use of activated carbon derived from agricultural waste materials can help reduce the waste produced, which will otherwise end up in the landfill.
Identification of Nymphoides indica and Eichhornia crassipes as Potential Plants for the Phytoremediation of Batik Wastewater
Authors: Wah Chan Yoke , Sulaiman Muhammad Azwadi , Sharifuddin Syifa' Muhamad , Xian Chin Su , Subki Noor Syuhadah
Published: January 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the potential of water snowflake, Nymphoides indica and water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes to remediate batik wastewater. The endurance studies of both plant species showed that water hyacinth had a higher endurance limit toward batik wastewater than water snowflakes. Therefore, the phytoremediation study of batik wastewater was further conducted with water hyacinth as the agent. The results from phytoremediation had shown that water hyacinth was capable of reducing the concentration of sodium (Na), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) by 30.8 mg/L, 0.014 mg/L, 0.089 mg/L, and 0.007 mg/L, respectively. In addition, Na was found to be highly accumulated in the stems of water hyacinth, while Cu, Pb, and Cr were all found to be highly accumulated in the roots of water hyacinth.
Adsorption Isotherm Analysis for CO2 Capture Using Barium Oxide Impregnated Iron(III) Oxide by Ultrasonic-Assisted Synthesis
Authors: Lahuri Azizul Hakim , Yarmo Mohd Ambar , Abu Tahari Maratun Najiha , Dzakaria Norliza
Published: January 2022

The barium oxide impregnated iron(III) oxide (BaO/Fe2O3) adsorbent was synthesized by an ultrasonic-assisted method. The adsorbent was calcined at 200-500 °C and its adsorption capacity was measured. The ultrasonic-assisted synthesis generated well-dispersed of BaO on Fe2O3 by giving none of the BaO peaks were observed through the XRD pattern. The most efficient adsorbent of BaO/Fe2O3200 was calcined at 200 °C with adsorption capacity for physisorption and chemisorption of 5.01 and 88.81 mg/g respectively. Besides other carbonate species, it was believed the presence of the hydroxyl group could enhance the sorption by forming bicarbonate upon CO2 chemisorption. It is also possessed a lower desorption range compared to BaO and Fe2O3 alone. The experimental CO2 adsorption isotherm at 25 °C fit better with the Freundlich isotherm model. It implies a favorable adsorption process with multilayer adsorption occurs onto the heterogeneous surface.
Structural Behaviour and Electrical Properties of a Ball Milled MnCoGe Compounds
Authors: Rahman Abdul Rashid Abdul , Md Din Muhamad Faiz , Suhaimi Nur Sabrina , Tawil Siti Nooraya Mohd , Wang Jian Li , Idris Nurul Hayati , Ismail Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Since the discovery of magnetocaloric effect (MCE), numbers of method in producing magnetocaloric materials has been studied. Among those methods, ball milling has been shown as a very versatile technique with several advantages compared to other preparation methods. In this work, the effect of ball milling preparation technique on the phase structural behaviour and electrical properties of MnCoGe alloys has been analysed. The changes in the structural behaviour have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Raman Spectroscopy. The results suggest that the samples show significant structural changes with different method of ball milling running time. This finding has also been supported by electrical properties where the measurement found that the frequency also plays important role in the structure changes. The absolute impedance value,|Z| (Ω) suggest that structure start to change at initial frequency structure of hexagonal at point 3.22 Ω and 44.1 MHz region. The permittivity and dielectric loss (tan delta) graph that corresponds to a frequency (Hz) up to 100 kHz shown that the 2-hours milling time MnCoGe compound has the lowest permittivity value which make it had lower energy and required more frequency to react.
Microwave-Assisted Acid Digestion of Malaysian Monazite for Determination of REEs Using ICP-MS
Authors: Udayakumar Sanjith , Baharun Norlia , Rezan Sheikh Abdul
Published: January 2022

The objective of this study to investigate microwave-assisted digestion as a rapid sample preparation method for the determination of REEs in Malaysian monazite using Inductively Coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Finely powdered monazite (D90 < 75μm) was the raw material for the digestion and fusion procedures. In the Li-borate fusion method, the digestion was achieved by lithium tetraborate: metaborate flux (Li2B4O7: LiBO2) flux fusion followed by acid attack, using nitric acid (HNO3). The second method, the microwave-assisted digestion method, involved digestion of the monazite in a mixture of H2SO4, HNO3, and HF, followed by neutralization of the insoluble fluorides and complexation of residual HF. The concentrations of REEs, measured by both the methods, were in agreement with each other, except for the values of P and Si, which were slightly apart. Both the sample dissolution methods offer feasible means of quantifying REEs in the monazite sample, but only a combined microwave digestion-fusion technique yields complete quantitative data for monazite-type samples.
Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) Study of Concrete with Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic
Authors: Omar Abdullahi Ali , Sabri Muhamad Zameel Hakim Ahmed , Ismail Khairul Nizar
Published: January 2022

Concrete is unquestionably the most desirable construction material, but, like any coin, italso has a negative side. In one way or another, the raw materials used in the production of concretehave a negative impact on the environment. Cement production releases carbon dioxide into theatmosphere, while aggregate production releases dust. The geology of the region where coarseaggregates were mined is also influenced by their extraction. Natural fine aggregates were replacedwith polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles in this analysis. PET Plastic aggregates wereproduced by little cutting of waste plastic bottle. Plastic is the most serious environmental problem,and it is having a rapid effect. Shredded waste plastic was used in concrete as a partial substitute fortraditional fine aggregate at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight. The aim of this research wasto determine the compressive strength, microstructure of concrete, and the interfacial transition zoneof concrete (ITZ). The concrete with 5% fine aggregate replacement showed a possible outcome of21 MPa compressive strength, the control mix had the lowest percentage of 1.3 percent, and theconcrete with 20% PET plastic had the highest percentage of 9.8 percent. It can be concluded thatrecycled plastic aggregates can be used to replace fine aggregate in concrete up to 5% of thereplacement and can be used in non-load bearing structures where lightweight materials arepreferred
Effect of Chemical Treatment on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composite
Authors: Zulkipli Nur Athirah , Mohd Siti Hajar , Abu Bakar Mohamad Bashree , Mohamed Mazlan , Rosdi Nurul Ainnabilah Mohd
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research is to study the mechanical and morphology of sugarcane bagasse (SGB) reinforced unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) composites by utilizing a different percentage of fibre contents and different chemical treatments on fibres. Sugarcane bagasse reinforced unsaturated polyester resin composites have been prepared using the compression molding technique. To enhance better adhesion between fibre and matrix, the SGB was chemically treated with alkaline (NaOH) solution and silane solution for 2 hours. The characterization of mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural strength, and tensile and flexural modulus of SGB-UPR composites were studied and compared. The incorporation of the alkaline + silane treatment of SGB resulted in better tensile and flexural properties of composites than untreated or alkaline-only treated SGB composites. Overall, it can be seen that the 5 % of fibre treated with NaOH + silane treatment showed the best results for tensile and flexural properties. Surfaces of cracked composites were observed using SEM and treated SGB showed better interfacial adhesion with matrix rather than the untreated SGB. Chemical treatment plays an important in enhancing the interfacial adhesion of fibre and matrix in composites.
RSM Modelling for Laser Cutting of Shore Wood to Replace Traditional Manufacturing Method
Authors: Sivarao Subramonian , Ali Aidy , Ku Ahmad Ku Zarina , Pujari S.
Published: January 2022

A study on the dimensional tolerance for CO2 laser wood cutting is focused on the Meranti (Shorea) wood with the thickness of 19 mm. The results on kerf width for two surfaces which are top surface (Kt) and bottom surface (Kb) are investigated. It is interested to find out the optimum cutting parameters to achieve the smallest variance on top and bottom kerf to improve dimensional quality. Laser power, cutting speed, and gas pressure had been selected as investigate parameters and the cut kerf had been analysed. The investigations revealed that laser power and cutting speed are the significant parameters not only in producing a good surface finish, but also in yielding much narrower kerf with to ensure there will be no dimensional errors of the shore wood products. Besides quality, the laser processing approach has overcome most of the challenges faced by conventional production method.
Presentación Dossier: Los actores locales y la cooperación desde los espacios transfronterizos latinoamericanos
Authors: Juste Stella , Ovando Cristián , Aguirre Juan Carlos
Published: January 2022

Las aproximaciones a los fenómenos transfronterizos en América Latina son de creciente interés y relevancia para las ciencias sociales. Si bien la mayoría de los trabajos en este ámbito han estado permeados por una mirada eurocéntrica, centrada en los asuntos institucionales y funcionales de la cooperación, así como también en los intercambios económicos, bajo un esquema de interdependencia neoliberal; existe un emergente cúmulo de investigaciones que estudian las dinámicas que surgen desde los propios espacios transfronterizos existentes en diversos puntos del globo y que abordan múltiples dimensiones.
Paradiplomacia e integración transfronteriza: las veranadas en los Altos Valles de Calingasta
Authors: Alvarez Mariano
Published: January 2022

La trashumancia de los crianceros de Coquimbo (Chile) hacia los Altos Valles de Calingasta (San Juan, Argentina) es un caso único en el continente americano, por su antigüedad y por los vínculos de integración y cooperación transfronteriza que involucra. Se trata de una práctica ancestral, llevada a cabo por un sector económico muy humilde y que se ha sostenido a lo largo de los años gracias a la integración social, económica y cultural que comparten Coquimbo y San Juan. Sin embargo, la historia reciente de las veranadas no está libre de dificultades, ya que fueron interrumpidas por más de una década –entre 2001 y 2013–, postergadas en 2019 y nuevamente interrumpidas en 2020. El artículo explora la experiencia de la reapertura en 2013, los debates y efectos de su postergación en 2019 y el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en 2020. El objetivo es relevar la voluntad de integración y cooperación transfronteriza entre Coquimbo y San Juan, la que se plasma en el accionar paradiplomático que ambos gobiernos subestatales efectuaron en la búsqueda soluciones. Para ello, el artículo utiliza fuentes primarias –actas, prensa y entrevistas a informantes claves–, así como bibliografía secundaria de contexto.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnostic Approaches and Maternal-Offspring Complications
Authors: Moon Joon Ho , Jang Hak Chul
Published: January 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication during pregnancy and is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. GDM is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term offspring and maternal complications. For GDM screening and diagnosis, a two-step approach (1-hour 50 g glucose challenge test followed by 3-hour 100 g oral glucose tolerance test) has been widely used. After the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome study implemented a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test in all pregnant women, a one-step approach was recommended as an option for the diagnosis of GDM after 2010. The one-step approach has more than doubled the incidence of GDM, but its clinical benefit in reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes remains controversial. Long-term complications of mothers with GDM include type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, and complications of their offspring include childhood obesity and glucose intolerance. The diagnostic criteria of GDM should properly classify women at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term complications. The present review summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of the one-step and two-step approaches for the diagnosis of GDM based on recent randomized controlled trials and observational studies. We also describe the long-term maternal and offspring complications of GDM.
Development and effectiveness of an educational program on developmental positioning for neonatal intensive care unit nurses in South Korea: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Yun Eun-Ju , Kim Tae-Im
Published: January 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program on developmental positioning (EPDP) for nurses in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).Methods: The study utilized a non-equivalent control group pretestposttest design. Sixty NICU nurses were recruited from two university hospitals in Daejeon, South Korea. The EPDP consisted of a 7-week program: 3 weeks of education and practice, followed by 4 weeks of encouragement messages using social networking services. Developmental positioning (DP) posters and DP aids were also provided during the intervention period. The intervention group (n=30) received the EPDP, but not the control group. The data were analyzed using the x2 test, the Fisher exact test, the independent t-test, and repeated-measures analysis of variance.Results: Participants' knowledge (t=7.49, p<.001), attitudes (t=1.99, p=.001), self-efficacy (t=2.99, p=.004), performance of DP (t=2.98, p=.004) and Infant Positioning Assessment Tool (IPAT) scores (F=29.50, p<.001) were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group.Conclusion: The EPDP can be an effective and useful program for improving the performance of DP among NICU nurses by increasing their knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of DP. However, further research involving various NICU settings is needed to gather more empirical evidence.
Novel mutation in ODF2 causes multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella in an infertile male
Authors: Zhu Zi-Jue , Wang Yi-Zhou , Wang Xiao-Bo , Yao Chen-Cheng , Zhao Liang-Yu , Zhang Zhen-Bo , Wu Yu , Chen Wei , Li Zheng
Published: January 2022

Numerous genes have been associated with multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF), which cause severe asthenozoospermia and lead to male infertility, while the causes of approximately 50% of MMAF cases remain unclear. To reveal the genetic causes of MMAF in an infertile patient, whole-exome sequencing was performed to screen for pathogenic genes, and electron microscope was used to reveal the sperm flagellar ultrastructure. A novel heterozygous missense mutation in the outer dense fiber protein 2 (ODF2) gene was detected, which was inherited from the patient's mother and predicted to be potentially damaging. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the outer dense fibers were defective in the patient's sperm tail, which was similar to that of the reported heterozygous Odf2 mutation mouse. Immunostaining of ODF2 showed severe ODF2 expression defects in the patient's sperm. Therefore, it was concluded that the heterozygous mutation in ODF2 caused MMAF in this case. To evaluate the possibility of assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment for this patient, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was performed, with the help of a hypo-osmotic swelling test and laser-assisted immotile sperm selection (LAISS) for available sperm screening, and artificial oocyte activation with ionomycin was applied to improve the fertilization rate. Four ICSI cycles were performed, and live birth was achieved in the LAISS-applied cycle, suggesting that LAISS would be valuable in ART treatment for MMAF.
Comparison of parental satisfaction with strip crowns and primary anterior zirconia crowns in 3–5 years old children over 1 year
Authors: Sharma Mayank , Khatri Amit , Kalra Namita , Tyagi Rishi
Published: January 2022

Background:

During the past decade, parental involvement for the selection of full coronal restorations for the primary anterior teeth of their children has been increased. Two most common anterior aesthetic full coronal restorations, the strip crowns and the preformed zirconia crowns, are available options.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to compare parental satisfaction with strip crowns and preformed primary anterior zirconia crowns over 1 year in 3–5 years old children.

Materials and Methods:

Forty maxillary primary incisors were restored by either strip crown or zirconia crown in 24 children. Permuted block randomization method was used for the allocation of participants. Twenty-four parents participated were recalled to fill the questionnaire over 1 year. One parent dropped out at the end of 1 year. Data were analyzed using the t-test and Chi-square test. P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results:

Parents were satisfied with both types of restorations. Statistically significant relationship was found between overall satisfaction and durability (P = 0.004) with strip crowns and with the color (P = 0.043) in the zirconia crowns. The parents with the lower satisfaction levels with the durability of strip crowns and color of zirconia crowns rated high overall satisfaction.

Conclusion:

Parental overall satisfaction was higher for preformed primary anterior zirconia crowns than strip crowns. Almost equal number of parents was satisfied with all other parameters except for durability, which was more for zirconia crowns.
Oral health status for primary dentition – A pilot study
Authors: Gandhi Janvi Manish , Gurunathan Deepa , Doraikannan Srisakthi , Balasubramaniam Arthi
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

Formulating an oral health status which will include oral hygiene index (OHI) exclusively for children, deft index, and the incidence of white spot lesions (WSL) will make it easier for the examiner to assess the current oral health status of a child and help in planning preventive strategies. This index will provide a comprehensive yet quick way to assess the oral health status of children as it includes past caries experience, present oral hygiene status, and future prediction of caries.

Materials and Methods:

Two hundred children (100 male, 100 female) aged 3–5 years (primary dentition) were included in this study. OHI, recorded index tooth wise and segment wise, deft index, and the WSLs classification were recorded in all the children. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of recording OHI in children index tooth wise and segment wise.

Results:

All the three indices were recorded for the 200 subjects, and based on the area under the curve of receiver operating characteristics, it was found that the OHI for primary dentition can be recorded tooth wise or segment wise. Index teeth chosen for primary dentition were labial surfaces of 54, 61, and 64, lingual surfaces of 82, 75, and 85.

Conclusion:

It includes the past caries experience, present hygiene status, and the future prediction of caries, making it a wholesome index. This cumulative index can be widely used in studies of epidemiology and ensure quicker evaluation during dental health programs in public school systems.
Treatment of Class II division I malocclusion having severe crowding, proclination with noncomplaint fixed functional appliance therapy, and frictionless mechanics
Authors: Prakash V S , Choudhury Sayantan , Sharma Anil , Chaudhary Seema
Published: January 2022

Our Objective was to treat a patient having proclined, protruded teeth along with a Class II Skeletal malocclusion. 0.022 × 0.028 inch MBT Brackets were placed, and leveling alignment was commenced. Individual canine retraction was carried out in both arches, followed by retraction of the incisors in the upper arch with a Burrstone's T Loop. E2Z Forsus fatigue resistance appliance was given for the correction of Class II malocclusion. Proclination, protrusion, and crowding were corrected along with Class II Skeletal base. Individual canine retraction along with frictionless mechanics and noncompliant functional correction has sufficient potential to prevent anchor loss and correct a Class II skeletal base.
Morphological Variations of the Condylar Head among Children Aged 4–15 Years
Authors: Hegde Rahul , Shigli Anand , Gawali Pritesh , Krishnan Aishwarya , Jadhav Geetanjali , Raheja Soniya
Published: January 2022

Background:

Growth and development of dentocraniofacial complex occurs during various stage of development of dentition with TMJ as one of its centres of growth. The condition of temporomandibular joint can be visible from its condylar head form; therefore, it is crucial to recognize the normal morphology of condylar head during different stages of development of dentition.

Aims:

The aim of the study is to view the morphological appearance of condylar head during primary dentition, mixed dentition and permenant dentition.

Subject and Methods:

400 panoramic images of 194 boys and 296 girls were collected and were divided into three groups bases on the stage of dentition. Shape of the condylar head were determined by tracing the print out of the panoramic image on an X ray viewer.

Results:

The study showed that during primary dentition stage shape of the conylar head was dominated by round shape and as growth and development occurs the condylar head shape changes to convex.

Conclusion:

The study describes the normal morphology of mandibular condyles in a child population attending The dentition status as well as growth of craniofacial has a significant role in determining condylar morphology.
Impact of fluoride-releasing orthodontic adhesives on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to eroded enamel following different surface treatment protocols
Authors: Althagafi Nebras Mohammed
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE:

To assess the impact of enamel surface treatment protocols and the types of adhesive materials on the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets to eroded enamel substrate.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Eighty extracted premolars were randomly assigned to four main groups in which group C (no treatment) was the control group. The remaining groups were exposed to an erosion challenge through short-term acidic exposure to HCl solution (0.01 M, pH 2.3) for 30 s, with an agitation speed of 50 rpm at an environmental temperature of 25°C. The eroded enamel surface within each group was treated as follows: group N received no treatment; in group P, the eroded enamel was treated with 35% phosphoric acid (Ultradent Products, South Jordan, UT, USA) for 15 s, followed by a rinse for 10 s; and in group F, the eroded enamel was treated with fluoride gel (Bifluorid 12; Voco-GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) for 4 min. The brackets were bonded with either a resin composite adhesive (Transbond XT; light-cure adhesive, 3M Unitek, CA, USA) or resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji Ortho LC-GC Corporation, Japan). The specimens were tested for SBS, and the bond failure was assessed according to the adhesive remnant index (ARI). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc tests (P < 0.05) were used to compare the SBS of the groups. The ARI values between the groups were recorded.

RESULTS:

Statistically significant differences were found among the tested variables (P < 0.05). Group P showed the highest mean SBS values regardless of the type of adhesive used, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The application of the fluoride gel showed no statistically significant improvement in SBS values. The failure mode distribution among the test groups indicated that failures at the adhesive–bracket interface were predominant in group C compared with the other study groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Fluoride pretreatment, which was used to remineralize the eroded enamel surfaces before bonding, resulted in a decrease in the SBS of the orthodontic brackets in vitro compared with the other treated groups. The use of fluoride-releasing adhesive also enhances bonding to the eroded enamel surfaces.
Pediatric scrub typhus complicated by cytokine storm, hyperferritinemia, and cerebral infarcts
Authors: Gupta Ajay , Ghosh Vidya B , Singh Anil K
Published: January 2022

Hyperferritinemia has been associated with increased mortality in severe sepsis and also described with scrub typhus. We describe a case of a 10-year-old child with acute febrile illness, altered sensorium, seizures, and left hemiparesis, along with septic shock. The child had markedly elevated inflammatory markers, along with hyperferritinemia and increased D-dimer. Serological tests for scrub typhus were positive. The child was started on doxycycline along with supportive management. In view of hyperferritinemic sepsis with accompanying cytokine storm, septic shock, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, IgM-enriched intravenous immunoglobulin and dexamethasone were administered with good outcome. Neuroimaging revealed cerebral infarcts managed with low-molecular-weight heparin and aspirin. The child was discharged with normal sensorium and with improving left hemiparesis. Early use of immunomodulatory drugs in such atypical presentations in scrub typhus may reduce mortality, and further research is warranted.
Effects of Mobile Phone Texting on Postural Control and Gait Parameters in College Students
Authors: Kulkarni Neha , Patel Pooja , Joshi Reema , Gazbare Preeti
Published: January 2022

Background:

Mobile phone has become a part of everyday life. Mobile phone texting is one of the major causes of road traffic accidents, falls and injuries in young adults. Dual-task activities while using mobile phone increases the risk of falls.

Objectives:

To find out the changes in postural control and gait parameters while using mobile phone in young college students.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 100 college students of age 18–25 years participated in the study. NeuroCom Balance Master was used and the subjects were tested with and without phone. The participants had to maintain balance on firm surface and foam surfaces with and without phone. For walking, participants had to walk without phone followed by walking with phone. Outcome measures used were Modified Clinical test for Sensory Interaction on balance and Walk Across for balance and gait respectively.

Results:

The study showed statistically significant changes in postural control on firm and foam surfaces. Furthermore, the gait parameters such as step length, speed and step length symmetry were altered significantly, except step width while using the mobile phone.

Conclusion:

Subjects showed increased postural sway, step length and step length symmetry while the step width and speed decreased on using the mobile phone.
Interim Analysis Report of Kuanxiong Aerosol in Improving Angina and Quality of Life after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Lin Luo-Qi , Wu Bing-Xin , Lin Miao-Yang , Chen Qiu-Xiong , Xu Dan-Ping
Published: January 2022

Objective:

The objective is to observe the effect of Kuanxiong aerosol (KXA) on angina and the quality of life of patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Materials and Methods:

Six hundred patients with angina after PCI (AAP) were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group (n = 300 in each group) and received basic treatment with KXA or basic treatment (respectively) for 8 weeks. The Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores of the two groups during the screening period and five follow-up periods were compared.

Results:

A total of 179 patients were included in this interim report, including 85 in the experimental group and 94 in the control group. Among the five-dimensional scores of the SAQ, the improvement in the angina frequency and quality of life scores in the experimental group was better than those in the control group after treatment (P < 0.01), and the difference in scores of the remaining dimensions was not statistically significant (P > 0.01). The difference in VAS scores between the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.01). No obvious adverse reactions were observed between the two groups.

Conclusions:

KXA can reduce the frequency of AAP and improve patients’ quality of life.
On hereditarily self-similar $p$-adic analytic pro-$p$ groups
Authors: Noseda Francesco , Snopce Ilir
Published: January 2022

A non-trivial finitely generated pro-

p

group

G

is said to be strongly hereditarily self-similar of index

p

if every non-trivial finitely generated closed subgroup of

G

admits a faithful self-similar action on a

p

-ary tree. We classify the solvable torsion-free

p

-adic analytic pro-

p

groups of dimension less than

p

that are strongly hereditarily self-similar of index

p

. Moreover, we show that a solvable torsion-free

p

-adic analytic pro-

p

group of dimension less than

p

is strongly hereditarily self-similar of index

p

if and only if it is isomorphic to the maximal pro-

p

Galois group of some field that contains a primitive

p

th root of unity. As a key step for the proof of the above results, we classify the

3

-dimensional solvable torsion-free

p

-adic analytic pro-

p

groups that admit a faithful self-similar action on a

p

-ary tree, completing the classification of the

3

-dimensional torsion-free

p

-adic analytic pro-

p

groups that admit such actions.
Lagrangian chaos and scalar advection in stochastic fluid mechanics
Authors: Bedrossian Jacob , Blumenthal Alex , Punshon-Smith Sam
Published: January 2022

We study the Lagrangian flow associated to velocity fields arising from various models of stochastic fluid mechanics. We prove that in many circumstances, these flows are chaotic, that is, the top Lyapunov exponent is strictly positive (
almost surely
,
all
particle trajectories are simultaneously exponentially sensitive with respect to initial conditions). Our main results are for the Navier–Stokes equations on

\mathbb{T}^2

and the hyper-viscous regularized Navier–Stokes equations on

\mathbb{T}^3

(at arbitrary fixed Reynolds number and hyper-viscosity parameters), subject to white-in-time,

H^s

-in-space stochastic forcing which is nondegenerate at high frequencies. Using these results, we further make a mathematically rigorous study of “passive scalar turbulence”. To this end, we study statistically stationary solutions to the passive scalar advection-diffusion advected by one of these velocity fields and subjected to a white-in-time random source. We show that the chaotic behavior of Lagrangian dynamics implies a type of anomalous dissipation in the limit of vanishing diffusivity, which in turn, implies Yaglom’s law of scalar turbulence – the universal scaling law analogous to the Kolmogorov 4/5 law. Key features of our study are the use of tools from ergodic theory and random dynamical systems in infinite dimensions, namely the Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem and a version of Furstenberg’s Criterion, combined with hypoellipticity via Malliavin calculus and approximate control arguments.
On the Möbius function in all short intervals
Authors: Matomäki Kaisa , Teräväinen Joni
Published: January 2022

We show that, for the Möbius function

\mu(n)

, we have

\sum_{x < n\leq x+x^{\theta}}\mu(n)=o(x^{\theta})

for any

\theta>0.55

. This improves on a result of Motohashi and Ramachandra from 1976, which is valid for

\theta>7/12

. Motohashi and Ramachandra’s result corresponded to Huxley’s

7/12

exponent for the prime number theorem in short intervals. The main new idea leading to the improvement is using Ramaré’s identity to extract a small prime factor from the

n

-sum. The proof method also allows us to improve on an estimate of Zhan for the exponential sum of the Möbius function as well as some results on multiplicative functions and almost primes in short intervals.
The role of endothelin-1 and endothelin receptor antagonists in allergic rhinitis inflammation: ovalbumin-induced rat model
Authors: Tatar A. , Yayla M. , Kose D. , Halici Z. , Yoruk O. , Polat E.
Published: January 2022

Objective: Desloratadine is a biologically active metabolite of loratadine which is indicated for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Bosentan is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). In this study, we aimed to determine the role of endothelins in allergic rhinitis (AR) and the effects of endothelin receptor antagonists in AR rat models through comparison with desloratadine. Methods: In total, 20 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. An ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis model was formed in three study groups except for the control group. Bosentan (100 mg/kg/day) was given to the bosentan-treated group for 7 days and desloratadine (10 mg/kg/day) was administered to the antihistaminic-treated group for 7 days. Nasal symptom scorings and histopathological examinations of the nasal tissues were carried out. Serum IgE levels and ET-1 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression levels were analysed. Between group comparisons for nasal symptoms, histopathological analysis, and molecular analyses were performed with a one-way ANOVA and Duncans multiple comparison tests. Significance was accepted at p smaller than 0.05. Results: Bosentan inhibited nasal symptom more significantly than desloratadine. The IgE level, ET-1 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression levels statistically increased in the allergic rhinitis group when compared to other groups. Conversely, the bosentan-treatment group showed a significant recovery from the same parameters. The deterioration in histopathological parameters reached the highest levels in the allergic rhinitis group. The histopathological findings were close to those of the control group in the bosentan and antihistaminic-treated group. Conclusions: ET-1 is one of the mediators that impact AR development and ET-1 antagonists can be useful for symptom control and for decreasing allergic inflammation in AR patients.
Physical distance characterization using pedestrian dynamics simulation
Authors: Parisi Daniel R. , Patterson Germán A. , Pagni Lucio , Osimani Agustina , Bacigalupo Tomas , Godfrid Juan , Bergagna Federico M. , Rodriguez Brizi Manuel , Momesso Pedro , Gomez Fermin L. , Lozano Jimena , Baader Juan M. , Ribas Ignacio , Astiz Meyer Facundo P. , Di Luca Miguel , Barrera Nicolas E. , Keimel Álvarez Ezequiel M. , Herran Oyhanarte Maite M. , Pingarilho Pedro R. , Zuberbuhler Ximena , Gorostiaga Felipe
Published: January 2022

In the present work we study how the number of simulated customers (occupancy) affects social distance in an ideal supermarket, considering realistic typical dimensions and processing times (product selection and checkout). From the simulated trajectories we measure social distance events of less than 2 m, and their duration. Among other observables, we define a physical distance coefficient that informs how many events (of a given duration) each agent experiences.
Intra- and Interspecies Wing Venation Variations of Apis cerana and Apis nigrocincta Species in Indonesia
Authors: Nisa Nisfia Rakhmatun , Juliandi Berry , Raffiudin Rika , Jauharlina Jauharlina , Pradana Mahardika Gama , Meilin Araz , Jasmi Jasmi , Pujiastuti Yulia , Lestari Puji , Fahri Fahri , Putra Windra Priawandi , Atmowidi Tri
Published: January 2022

Apis cerana has a wide distribution in Asia, including Sundaland, and is currently found in Wallacea, while the sister species, A. nigrocincta, is native in Sulawesi. The wide geographic distribution and the island isolation led to form morphological differences in the bees. The morph and wing venations are known to have a high genetic inheritance. Therefore, this research aimed to (1) analyze the landmark variation of wing venations of A. cerana from Sundaland and Wallacea, and A. nigrocincta from Sulawesi, (2) determine the relationship between these two bee species. The research was conducted by digitizing 550 wing venations based on nineteen landmarks. Our study on intraspecies showed that A. cerana Sumatra revealed a high variation in bending energy. Overall, the deformation grid of A. cerana from Sundaland has higher displacement than those from Wallacea, meaning higher variations of the Sundaland A. cerana. We found geometric morphometric markers of landmarks 16 and 17 in intraspecies and interspecies bees. Thus, these landmarks known as a cubital index can be used for species identification. The differentiation of interspecies has been shown in the PCA. Apis nigrocincta was separated from the single group of the centroid A. cerana and was supported by the Neighbor-Joining tree.