bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drying Rate Calculations and Energy Modelling of Thermocill: A Technical Report
Authors: Keshmiri Amir
Published: September 2024

Thermocill is an energy-saving product, developed by Thermocill Limited, that is designed for installation under the window board and above the radiator in a room, which is made from recycled plastic materials and can be retrofitted to existing homes as well as new builds. In its operation, the product tends to direct the natural convection from the radiator to create a wall of warm air immediately in front of the glazing on the internal side. The present study consisted of two distinct parts. In Part A, the focus was on calculating the effects of Thermocill on condensation and moisture around the windows. In this part of the study, the original and optimised designs of Thermocill were compared against the case without Thermocill. The drying rate shown in terms of vapour pressure for the ‘Optimised Thermocill Design’ was found to be 92% higher than that for the case without Thermocill. In other words, the drying rate of moisture/condensation from the bottom region of the window (i.e. region most prone to the formation of mould) can potentially be doubled when the optimised Thermocill design is installed in the window reveal. The original Thermocill design was also found to improve the drying rate by 39%.
In Part B, energy modelling was conducted for a 3-bedroom semi-detached house in order to calculate the potential energy and CO2 emission savings as a result of installing Thermocill in the bedrooms and the living room. This part of the study investigated 2 different scenarios based on how the thermal comfort level is achieved in the house throughout the year. In the first scenario where the heat loading required to achieve a desirable thermal comfort (21ᵒC) came from all sources including the HVAC, lighting, equipment, people etc., the annual energy and CO2 emission savings were found to be 7.15% (£31.12) and 147.83kg, respectively. In the second scenario where the HVAC system was solely responsible for achieving the desirable thermal comfort level in the house, the annual energy and CO2 emission savings were found to be 7.07% (£42.39) and 201.38kg, respectively.
The Impact of Dichotomization on Network Recovery
Authors: Sekulovski Nikola , Blanken Tessa , Haslbeck Jonas M B , Marsman Maarten
Published: September 2024

Network psychometrics has become an important method for studying the network structure of multivariate psychological data. Accurate recovery of the underlying network structure is paramount and requires that the models are appropriate for the data at hand. Traditionally, Gaussian graphical models for continuous data and Ising models for binary data have dominated the literature. However, psychological research often relies on ordinal data from Likert scale items, creating a model-data mismatch. This paper examines the effect of dichotomizing ordinal variables on network recovery using Bayesian analysis of an ordinal Markov random field model implemented in the R package bgms. Our analysis shows that dichotomization can lead to a loss of information that affects the accuracy of network recovery, especially when considering the interplay between the binarization cutoffs used and the distribution of the ordinal categories. In addition, we show that there is a difference in accuracy when using dichotomized data depending on whether edges are present or absent in the true network, highlighting the effectiveness of using the ordinal model in revealing conditional independence relationships. These findings underscore the importance of using models that deal directly with ordinal data to ensure more reliable and valid inferred network structures in psychological research.
Transparency is not enough: Warning people that they are being microtargeted fails to eliminate persuasive advantage
Authors: Carrella Fabio , Simchon Almog , Edwards Matthew , Lewandowsky Stephan
Published: September 2024

The practice of microtargeting in politics, involving tailoring persuasive messages to individuals based on personal vulnerabilities, has raised manipulation concerns. As microtargeting's persuasive benefits are well-established and its use facilitated by AI tools and personality-inference models, ethical and regulatory concerns arise.Here, we explore countering microtargeting effects by creating a warning signal deployed when users encounter personality-tailored political ads. Two studies evaluated the effectiveness of warning "popups'' against potential microtargeting by comparing persuasiveness of targeted vs. non-targeted messages with and without popups.Using within subject-designs, Studies 1 (N = 666) and 2 (N = 432) reveal a targeting effect, with targeted ads deemed more persuasive than non-targeted ones. More importantly, the presence of a warning popup did not significantly impact persuasiveness. Overall, across the two studies, personality-targeted ads were significantly more persuasive than non-targeted ones, and this advantage persisted despite warnings. Given the focus on transparency in initiatives like the EU's AI Act, the lack of a significant transparency measure effect is potentially concerning.
Experiences of Caregivers, Service Providers, and Individuals Living with Dementia regarding Independence-Enhancing Technologies: Focus Group Insights
Authors: Sharpe Benjamin T , King Rachel , Banerjee Moitree , Keates Simeon , Tyndall Ian , Kooner-Evans Paul , Sivyer Lana , Cotten Ellie , Obine Emmanuel A. C. , Skyes Katherine , Tabet Naji , Ronen Itamar , Davies Natasha , Lewis Isla , Tabbner Sally , Wilkins Tim , Pereira Antonina
Published: September 2024

This study explored the views and opinions of people with dementia, caregivers, and healthcare professionals on assistive technologies that facilitate independent living. Using a qualitative approach, the researchers conducted focus groups with 35 participants in England. Findings revealed both the benefits and limitations of technologies like medication management devices, daily living aids, GPS tracking, and smart home systems. While participants recognized the potential to enhance independence and safety, they highlighted usability, reliability, and technological failure as significant challenges. The complexity of digital interfaces and the cognitive demands of online interactions emerged as key barriers. Participants expressed a strong desire for more adaptive, user-friendly, and responsive technologies. The study underscores the importance of user-centred design and collaboration between developers, caregivers, and the dementia community. By addressing the identified issues, future assistive technologies can improve quality of life for people with dementia and their caregivers. These insights can guide the development of more effective, accessible, and ethical assistive technologies in dementia care.
A Replication Attempt of Personality Change Through Randomized Peer Groups
Authors: Krämer Michael Dominik , Kretzschmar André , Hopwood Christopher James , Bleidorn Wiebke
Published: September 2024

Personality development theories and descriptive evidence highlight young adulthood as a period conducive to personality change. Young adults experience important transitions, such as starting university education, and establish new relationships. However, few empirical tests of the direct influence of university student peer groups on individual change in personality traits exist. Here, we conceptually replicated an earlier study and randomly allocated students (N = 351) to study groups of 3 to 6 peers that met over the course of the first semester. This randomization approach allowed the estimation of peer group socialization effects unconfounded by selection effects. We conducted a series of robustness checks to determine whether regression to the mean constitutes an alternative explanation for the results. The preregistered, confirmatory models seemed to support the hypothesis of peer group influence for all Big Five traits, showing patterns of assimilation where an individual’s personality became more similar to the personality of the remaining group members over time. Robustness checks, however, demonstrated convincingly that these patterns were due to the statistical artifact of regression to the mean and should not be interpreted as substantive evidence for peer group influence. We discuss theoretical and methodological implications for studying personality development though social relationships.
Belief change and the concept of Free Will
Authors: Tavernier Nel , Wisniewski David , Brass Marcel
Published: September 2024

Over the last 15 years, researchers in psychology asserted that manipulating laypeople’s free will beliefs (FWB) has an impact on various downstream social behaviors (such as cheating). More recently, however, many of these findings failed to replicate, casting doubt on the behavioral effects of FWBs. Here, we argue that this is partly due to a disconnect between the FWB manipulation literature and psychological theories of attitude change, which are rarely discussed in the context of FWB manipulations. Existing manipulation techniques are often based on a small number of theoretical arguments from the philosophical debate on free will, and ignore less rational and implicit influences on attitude change. In this article, we discuss FWB manipulation methods in the context of current theories of belief and attitude change. This approach enables us to assess these preceding methods and attain insights into the reasons behind their lack of replicability.
Momentary assessment of parent and child emotion regulation to inform the design of a new emotion-focused parenting app
Authors: Berkowitz Tomer S , Toumbourou John , Evans Subhadra , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Westrupp Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

Parenting programs show strong evidence for improving parent and child mental health, however, their population reach has been extremely low. Online ecological momentary interventions have been shown to benefit reach in adult mental and public health contexts, but have not yet been tested in parenting programs. The current study sought to inform the development of an emotion-focused parenting program designed to provide in-the-moment parenting support. Australian parents of children aged 2-4 years (N=89, mean age 36) were recruited online and completed a baseline questionnaire, followed by a 1-minute survey five times per day over a 7-day period. Of 19 ecological momentary assessment items tested, results showed that six items best measured in-the-moment parent and child negative affect and emotion dysregulation based on five purpose-defined criteria: sensitivity, relevance, alignment, frequency, and validity. These items were used to identify parenting situations and times of day associated with heightened parent and child negative affect and emotion dysregulation. Findings showed an overall response rate of 81%, with participant engagement highest at 7:30am and 7:30pm. Parent/child dysregulation was heightened during evenings and parenting situations elicited differing levels of dysregulation in children and parents. The study provides novel data that will inform how best to develop a parenting program that provides parents and children with flexible in-the-moment parenting support.
Robodebt: A Socio-Technical Case Study of Public Sector Information Systems Failure
Authors: Clarke Roger , Michael Katina , Abbas Roba
Published: September 2024

Large-scale public sector information systems (PSIS) that administer social welfare payments face considerable challenges. Between 2014 and 2023, an Australian government agency conceived and implemented the Online Compliance Intervention (OCI) scheme, widely referred to as Robodebt. The scheme's primary purpose was to apply digital transformation in order to reduce labour costs and increase recovery of overpayments. Among its key features were a simplified, but inherently erroneous, estimation method called income averaging, and a new requirement that welfare recipients produce documentation for income earned years earlier. Failure by welfare recipients to comply with mandates resulted in the agency recovering what it asserted to be overpayments. This article presents a case study of Robodebt and its effects on over 1 million of its clients. The detailed case study relies on primary data through Senate and other government hearings and commissions, and secondary data, such as media reports, supplemented by academic sources. Relevant technical features include (1) the reliance on the digital persona that the agency maintains for each client, (2) computer-performed inferencing from client data, and (3) automated decision-making and subsequent action. This article employs a socio-technical systems approach to understanding the factors underlying a major PSIS project failure, by focusing on the system's political and public service sponsors; its participants (users); the people affected by it (usees); and the broader economic, social, and political context. Practical and theoretical insights are presented, with the intention of highlighting major practical lessons for PSIS, and the relevance of an articulated socio-technical frame for PSIS.
Penataan Layout dan Penerapan K3 di Industri Kecil Menengah Pengecoran Logam
Authors: Mujiyono Mujiyono , Setiadi Bayu Rahmat , Prasetya Tri Adi , Wibawa Eka Ary
Published: September 2024

Penerapan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) merupakan kebutuhan dan keharusan untuk dilaksanakan oleh setiap industri. Setiap pekerja berhak mendapatkan perlindungan keselamatan dalam melakukan pekerjaannya. Penerapan K3 yang baik akan berdampak positif terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi yang di lakukan di ED Alumunium ditemukan beberapa permasalahan terakit dengan K3. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk membantu mitra dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan K3 yang terjadi di ED alumunium. Kegiatan pengabdian ini terdiri dari Pelatihan K3 dan Penataan layout produksi. Pelatihan K3 betujuan memberikan pengetahuan prinsip K3 kepada karyawan. Penataan layout produksi bertujuan mengoptimalkan proses produksi dengan memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip K3. Dampak yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan ini adalah karyawan mulai peduli dengan prinsip-prinsip K3 seperti penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD), penataan ulang layout produksi, serta komitmen pimpinan terhadap penerapan K3.
FaceVoting: e-Voting Berbasiskan Pengenalan Wajah
Authors: Syahputri Rahmalia , Halawa Berkat Fa’atulo , Trisnawati Sherli , Nurfiana Nurfiana , Taufik Taufik
Published: September 2024

FaceVoting is an electronic voting system that employs facial recognition technology to authenticate voters, enhancing the security and efficiency of voting processes. This research showcases the integration of the Haar Cascade algorithm, renowned for its rapid and accurate object detection capabilities, tailored explicitly for face recognition in varied conditions. Through rigorous testing, the system proved highly effective at recognising faces across different distances, angles, and expressions despite some limitations in detecting obscured or unregistered faces. Extensive evaluations involved recording faces at 30 cm and 100 cm distances, yielding consistent detection scores of 0.2586751709411996, illustrating the system's robustness. Additionally, face recordings validated under varying angles demonstrated the system’s ability to maintain accuracy with minimal score variation, highlighting its adaptability to different voter positions. Further tests on diverse objects and facial expressions underscored the system’s precision in real-world scenarios, albeit with challenges in recognising non-human objects, other people’s faces, and partially obscured faces. About 96.5% of the 110 participants expressed satisfaction with the facial recognition feature, emphasising their confidence in its potential to secure and streamline the voting process. The study confirms the viability of facial recognition technology in e-voting systems, providing a substantial improvement over traditional methods in terms of accessibility, reliability, and fraud prevention, thereby supporting a more inclusive and transparent electoral process.
FEATURES OF THE INFLUENCE OF GLIFLOZINS ON IRON METABOLISM IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia, Madonov P.G. , Khachaturian R.A. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia, Karavozova A.E. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia, Khidirova L.D. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Published: September 2024

In a series of randomized trials, SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated a reduction in hospitalization and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. However, more and more often, there is evidence of a decrease in iron levels in the blood while taking gliflozin. This review examines the pathogenetic basis of the dynamics of hematopoiesis in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic heart failure. Changes in hematocrit, hemoglobin, reticulocyte count, and erythropoietin reported in prospective analyses are discussed. The increase in hemoglobin levels observed with gliflozins contributes to improved tissue oxygenation, thereby exerting some protective effect. Active iron utilization will result in increased levels of soluble transferrin receptors and iron-binding capacity, coupled with a decrease in ferritin, transferrin saturation index and hepcidin. Thus, long-term use of SGLT2 inhibitors, while having a positive effect on hemoglobin levels, can lead to latent iron deficiency. To understand the significance of this problem, it is necessary to initiate large cohort studies.
CHANGE IN THE PHENOTYPE OF BREAST CANCER AFTER TREATMENT
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia, Kozlov V.V. ,   Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Oncology Center, Novosibirsk, Russia, Glazkova M.A. ,   Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Oncology Center, Novosibirsk, Russia, Tkachuk O.A. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia, Solovenchuk L.L. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia, Chapanov A.A. ,   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Published: September 2024

Breast cancer ranks first in mortality among cancer diseases in women. This figure is not decreasing, despite new data being obtained annually on the morphology of breast cancer and advances in its treatment. According to global standards, in order to prescribe effective treatment, it is necessary to know the phenotype of the tumor which is determined by the expression of a number of markers, such as estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR), HER2/neu and Ki 67. According to numerous studies, it has been revealed that native, residual, recurrent and metastatic tumors may differ in phenotype, regardless of the initially established variant. In addition, changes in the immunophenotype of the tumor are also affected by the treatment performed. At the moment, enough data have been accumulated around the world confirming the possibility of changing the tumor phenotype. However, to date, there are no standards regulating the additional IHC studies after treatment, or when a recurrent/metastatic lesion is detected. Carrying out additional immunophenotyping of the tumor can help reduce the likelihood of prescribing ineffective treatment and select the most optimal therapy in each specific case.
Vitamin B12 for Morning Sickness/General Malaise in a Woman with Cognitive Impairment, A Case Report
Authors: E.H.M. Van Hoef Marlies
Published: September 2024

Background Morning sickness or general malaise in elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is described. General practitioners and specialists do not know a solution. In this case, empirical vitamin B12 was administered and induced a remarkable result. Case Presentation An elderly white woman had morning sickness and increasing general malaise of unkwown cause since over four years. After three years MCI and one year later extensive cognitive impairment and normocytic anemia was diagnosed. The morning sickness/general malaise was very debilitating and the cause was not known by the general practitioner and specialists. The general practitioner informed that some patients benefit from vitamin B12 injections. After the first injection, within a few days the morning sickness/general malaise vanished and it seemed as if the memory slightly improved. The effect lasted about four weeks after which the patient again started to complain about general malaise in the morning and, renewed, a vitamin B12 injection induced the same beneficial effect. After three injections, the supplement was changed to continuous oral administration. Oral administration did not lead to durable remission and the morning sickness reappeared. Renewed vitamin B12 injections again improved the morning sickness/general malaise and have since been continued at 6 to 8 weeks intervals, despite oral suppletion, as symptoms of morning sickness/general malaise reappeared at 6 to 8 week intervals. Conclusion In this case, empirical vitamin B12 resolved the morning sickness/general malaise. Although pernicious anemia could be considered, the anemia was not macrocytic. Despite, intramuscular vitamin B12 supplement had a beneficial effect.
Język polityki. Od retoryki do analizy dyskursu. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Sokołowski Marek
Published: September 2024

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba przedstawienia wzajemnych związków pomiędzy językiem a polityką. Mówienie w ujęciu socjologów języka to językowe zachowania jednostek, wynikające z sytuacji pozajęzykowych oraz właściwości ich idiolektu, ukształtowanego przez środowisko i wykształcenie. Do nazwania językowych sposobów ujmowania rzeczywistości w postaci komunikacji politycznej posługujemy się terminem ‘dyskurs’, oddającym funkcjonalny aspekt używania języka. Dyskurs w tym znaczeniu sytuuje się pomiędzy językiem a komunikacją, jest w tym ujęciu traktowany jako konkretny komunikat (w postaci ciągu zdań), w którym uwzględnia się zarówno płaszczyznę werbalną, jak również okoliczności jego powstania. Badania nad dyskursem czerpią z dorobku wielu nauk: antropologii, historii, retoryki, stylistyki, semiotyki, badań literackich, etnografii mówienia, politologii i socjologii. Badacze języka polityki proponują termin ‘socjolingwistyka’ lub ‘politolingwistyka’, mając na uwadze teksty motywowane politycznie, wytwarzane przez instytucje sprawujące władzę bądź przez organizacje (partie polityczne) dążące do zdobycia i utrzymania władzy lub do udziału w jej sprawowaniu.
Nanoparticles Mediated Plant Genetic Engineering: Emerging Field with Promising Applications
Authors: Iqbal Nadia , Ali Akbar Babur , Taskeen Nayab , Mubashar Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Nanobiotechnology significantly enhances plant genetic engineering procedures by using nanocarriers such as metal, carbon-based, and polymeric nanoparticles to transfect and transport nucleic acids and proteins to deliver genes with maximum efficiency and translation. It improves the ability of the plants to be transformed using Agrobacterium, poses gradual serious limitations concerning the transfer of genes, and enhances the tolerance of plants to stress. One example is gene editing Crispr/Cas which uses nanoparticles to promote appropriate procedures.In addition, by using nanosensors and nanodevices in practical work it is rather possible to control in the real-time province of gene expression as well as everything occurring around the modified organism, which in turn helps to increase the efficiency of producing genetic modifications. This development can also improve the quality of the harvested crops, and the production yield, play a role in fight against food shortage that is prevalent in the global world like today.
Ingenious Medicinal Herb Practices: Impact of Climate Change on Production and Utilization in Jalalabad Gilgit, Gilgit Baltistan
Authors: Batool Nida , Rafiq Nazia
Published: September 2024

Medicinal plants are used by many traditional herbal healers to cure many diseases. This study examines local response towards the environmental change, focusing on how the traditional community of Jalalabad, Gilgit understands this change. It examines the perception of people and the use of medicinal herbs produced in the adjacent areas of Jalalabad. Explanatory and qualitative research designs along with semi-structured interviews were administered for data collection. A sample of 20 elderly grandmothers was selected. The findings suggest that several herbs were still in practice to solve the skin, digestive, respiratory, and skin-related problems in the selected community. Due to climate change, many problems emerged over time but still, respondents wanted to continue the use of herbs because of no side effects. The study also recommended that scientific intervention, training, and preservation of traditional knowledge are needed to preserve the indigenous culture and practices of the far northern people.
Feasibility of web-based microservices architecture for contract document drafting
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Dalugoda T.P. , Gallage S.D. , Bandaranayake D.M.L.N.
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the feasibility of utilising web-based microservices architecture (MSA) for contract document drafting in the construction industry. The research aims to identify essential selection parameters for contracts, address challenges in manual drafting, and determine necessary features for MSA integration. Through interviews with industry professionals and a comprehensive literature review, the study uncovered key parameters such as project size, type, procurement method, and design responsibility, with jurisdiction emerging as a significant factor. Challenges in manual drafting included human errors, stakeholder delays, and inefficiencies in existing tools, particularly regarding document tracking and security. Desired features for a microservices-based solution included version control, real-time collaboration, machine learning capabilities, and customisable data validation. Current technologies are often fragmented and lacking cohesive integration, which MSA could address by modularising features and improving overall efficiency. The findings suggest that MSA could enhance contract management by offering a more integrated, secure, and efficient solution. This study provides valuable insights for construction industry practitioners seeking to improve document handling and offers a foundation for further research into MSA applications and their impact on legal drafting processes.
Issues with supply chain management documents that contribute to project delays
Authors:   Department of Quantity Surveying, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Sri Lanka, Ekanayake Jananjaya , Allis Chamari , Jayasinghe Sathya , Lokuge Angel ,   onstruction Cost Information Service (Pvt) Ltd, Sri Lanka
Published: September 2024

Supply chain management is the process of obtaining the raw materials or components needed to create a product or service for an enterprise and deliver that product or service to customers. In construction, it is vital due to the involvement of a large number of resources and stakeholders. Hence, documentation plays a very important role in such a process. Yet, there are certain issues with supply chain management documents that contribute to the various issues of construction projects, including project delays. Hence, this research aimed to identify the potential factors affecting construction projects due to poor documents in supply chain management. This study was limited to building construction projects in Sri Lanka. Agreement errors of labour suppliers and material suppliers were the main areas of concern. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, semi-structured interviews were conducted among construction professionals such as site engineers, project managers, technical officers, and Quantity Surveyors. The results of the research revealed that the documents were not prepared correctly, which indirectly caused the project to be delayed. This could happen due to various causes, such as documentation errors that take a long time to be corrected, people are not aware of the documentation required in various stages of the supply chain, and the stakeholders are not aware of the procedures correctly for each of the scenarios. Findings further revealed that errors such as delays, arithmetic mistakes, and specification inaccuracies frequently disrupt operations. To address these issues, corrective actions tailored to each document type were detailed, emphasising early negotiation, skilled personnel involvement, and rigorous verification processes. The study contributes significantly to the field by offering practical solutions that enhance document accuracy, improve supply chain efficiency, and reduce project delays. These measures not only address immediate documentation issues but also provide a framework for maintaining high standards of documentation accuracy in the construction industry, ensuring smoother operations and successful project completions.
Sustaining concrete structural integrity: a framework for defect identification and rectification methods
Authors:   Deakin University, Australia, Kanakan Kripal , Gurmu Argaw
Published: September 2024

One of the key issues that requires substantial attention in existing residential buildings is the occurrence of defects in their concrete structures. Flaws in the structural concrete of these types of buildings are frequently reported in numerous studies. If not rectified early, defects in concrete structures can lead to the collapse of these buildings. This study aims to develop a framework for understanding the identification and rectification methods of concrete defects in existing residential buildings. Thirty-three academic texts generated through a systematic literature review were utilised to collect qualitative data, and content analysis was carried out to meet the research objectives. The findings revealed that cracks are the most prevalent defect in concrete structures. Further, the review explored the most common non-destructive techniques such as the use of Schmidt hammer and ultrasonic for concrete defect detection. Moreover, rectification methods including epoxy treatment and concrete jacketing were identified. Finally, a framework that maps concrete defects with their identification and rectification techniques has been developed. The framework can help building inspectors, property managers, and other stakeholders involved in building maintenance to understand the alternative techniques for the identification and rectification of concrete defects.
Scientific Schools of Inorganic Materials Science in Saint Petersburg Today
Authors: Stolyarova V. L.
Published: September 2024

The considered topical problems of modern materials science in inorganic chemistry, which are currently being solved within the framework of scientific schools in Saint Petersburg.
Crystallization at "Soft" Chemistry Conditions of New Inorganic Fluoride Nanomaterials and Their Application Prospects
Authors: Gulina L. B. , Tolstoy V. P. , Murin I. V.
Published: September 2024

Peculiarities of formation and growth of crystals of metal fluorides MF2 (where M — Ca, Sr, Pb) and MF3 (where M — Sc, La, Ln) as a result of interaction between components of an aqueous solution of metal salt and gaseous hydrogen fluoride at planar interface at room temperature are considered. Compounds with different crystal structures: PbF2 (pr. gr. Pnma, Fm3m), ScF3 (pr. gr. Pm3m, P6/mmm), LaF3 (pr. gr. P3c1) were chosen as model objects. The factors that have a significant influence on the morphology, size, and ordering of the formed crystals have been determined. The possibility of synthesis of 1D and 2D crystals is shown for some compounds. Probable fields of application of nanomaterials based on synthesized compounds are analyzed. The conclusion is made about the possibility of the interface technique developing for the design of new solid electrolytes, optically active materials, and functional coatings.
Elastic Energy Relaxation During the Chemical Reaction with Single-Crystalline Silicon in the Process of Coordinated Substitution of Atoms
Authors: Kukushkin S. A. , Osipov A. V.
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on providing a detailed microscopic description of the chemical transformation of a silicon crystal into a silicon carbide crystal through reaction with carbon monoxide gas on the (111) surface. To achieve this, we utilized the density functional theory in the spin-polarized PBE approximation. By employing the NEB method, we successfully established all intermediate (adsorption) states as well as a single transition state. Our results rэВeal that the transition state takes the form of a Si-O-C triangle, with bond lengths measuring 1.94 Å, 1.24 Å, and 2.29 Å. Additionally, we calculated the energy profile of this chemical transformation. Interestingly, we discovered that the formation of broken bonds generates both electric and magnetic fields during the transformation process. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the relaxation of elastic energy plays a significant role in facilitating the epitaxial growth of the crystal by weakening the bonds of necessary atoms. Consequently, we conclude that the (111) surface is highly suitable for silicon carbide growth via this method, particularly for semiconductor applications.
Study of the Structure and Properties of Magnetic Nanopowders of Magnetite-Maggemite Series Solid Solutions by SAPNS
Authors: Shilova O. A. , Kovalenko A. S. , Nikolaev A. M. , Khamova T. V. , Kruchinina I. Yu. , Kopitsa G. P.
Published: September 2024

Nanopowders of the magnetite-maggemite series were synthesized by both aqueous precipitation and using sol-gel technology. A comprehensive comparative study of the structure of the synthesized powders was carried out using the methods of X-ray phase analysis (XPA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and small-angle polarized neutron scattering (SAPNS). It has been established that the synthesized iron oxide nanopowders are porous systems that, depending on the synthesis method, have a one-level or two-level (for powders obtained by aqueous synthesis) and three-level (for powders obtained by the sol-gel method) hierarchical structure organization with different characteristic scales and types of aggregation for each from structural levels, and the characteristic size for the larger level in both cases exceeds 45 nm. It was revealed that the magnetic structure of the obtained iron oxide powders, regardless of the synthesis method, consists of superparamagnetic particles with a characteristic magnetic radius RМ ≈ 4 nm and magnetic-nuclear cross-correlations RMN ≈ 3 nm for powders obtained by the sol-gel method; and with RM ≈ 5–11 nm and RMN ≈ 4–8 nm for powders obtained by aqueous synthesis, depending on the production conditions.
Synthesis and Phase Formation in Ba0.9Ca0.1Zr0.05M0.10Ti0.85O3 (M = Mn, Fe, Co) Ceramics with Controllable Magnetic and Optical Properties
Authors: Fedorova A. V. , Selyutin A. A. , Medzatyi N. А.
Published: September 2024

Ceramic samples with perovskite structure of Ba0.9Ca0.1Zr0.05M0.10Ti0.85O3 (M = Mn, Fe, Co) were obtained by standard solid-phase synthesis methods. The processes of phase formation of samples by methods of X-ray phase analysis have been investigated, the parameters of unit cells have been determined. Magnetic and optical properties of the obtained samples were investigated by methods of magnetic susceptibility and diffuse reflection spectroscopy. It was found that the phase composition, as well as magnetic and optical properties depend on the nature of the introduced paramagnetic element.
Synthesis, Ion-Exchange and Photocatalytic Properties of Layered Perovskite-Like CsBa2Nb3O10 Niobate: Comparative Analysis with Related AA′2Nb3O10 Dion-Jacobson Phases (A = K, Rb, Cs; A′ = Ca, Sr, Pb)
Authors: Kurnosenko S. A. , Silyukov O. I. , Rodionov I. A. , Biryukov Ya. P. , Burov A. A. , Zvereva I. A.
Published: September 2024

Layered perovskite-like niobate CsBa2Nb3O10 has been synthesized in a pure single-phase state for the first time using both nitrates and carbonates of cesium and barium. Unlike its Ca-, Sr- and Pb-containing analogues, the niobate obtained was shown not to undergo substitution of interlayer alkali cations with protons (protonation) upon acid treatments under various conditions. A potential reason for its chemical inactivity may consist in partial disordering of cesium and barium cations between the interlayer space and perovskite slab, hindering the interlayer ion exchange. Optical bandgap energy of CsBa2Nb3O10, being equal to 2.8 eV, potentially allows using visible light (λ 443 nm) for driving photocatalytic reactions. However, the photocatalytic potential of this niobate towards hydrogen production remains untapped since the activity of the interlayer space in protonation and hydration reactions, as shown earlier, is a fundamentally important factor determining the photocatalytic performance of ion-exchangeable layered perovskite-like oxides.
Directed Hydrothermal Synthesis of Aluminosilicates of Various Structural Types and Prospects for Their Use in Medicine
Authors: Golubeva O. Yu. , Alikina Yu. A. , Brazovskaya E. Yu. , Ulyanova N. Yu.
Published: September 2024

The results of analysis and experimental studies of the possibilities of using synthetic aluminosilicates (montmorillonites, kaolinites, zeolites) in medicine, in particular in the field of entero- and hemosorption, in the development of targeted drug delivery systems with prolonged and pH-controlled release of the active substance in various environments, as well as components of wound dressings are presented. Montmorillonites, aluminosilicates of the kaolinite subgroup with different particle morphologies and zeolites of structural types Beta, Rho and Y were obtained under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by a complex of physicochemical research methods. The results of studying the adsorption and desorption of model drugs (thiamine hydrochloride, 5-fluorouracil) from porous aluminosilicate matrices of various chemical compositions in various media simulating body environments, adsorption of markers of endogenous intoxication (methylene blue), the ability of aluminosilicates to biodegrade in body environments, and also studies of biological activity, in particular cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity of synthetic aluminosilicates are presented. The results obtained show significant prospects for the use of synthetic aluminosilicates to obtain non-toxic, highly effective sorbents for medical use and drug carriers.
New ostracod genera Bathoniella (Bathonian and Lower Callovian of the East European Platform and Northern Germany) and Parabathoniella (lower and middle Bathonian of Scotland). Part 1: Taxonomy
Authors: Tesakova Е. М.
Published: September 2024

The stratigraphically important ostracod taxa Palaeocytheridea milanovskyi Lyubimova, 1955 and P. nikitini Lyubimova, 1955 from the lower Callovian of the East European Platform and Northern Germany are revised. P. nikitini is reduced to a synonymy of P. milanovskyi. The latter one is proposed as the type for the new genus Bathoniella from the lower Bathonian–lower Callovian (Ishmae–Calloviense zones). Three more species: B. prima sp. nov., B. paenultima sp. nov. and B. ultima sp. nov. are included in Bathoniella gen. nov. A new – bathoniellid – subtype of sexual dimorphism is described. This is also characteristic of another new genus, Parabathoniella, with the type species Acantocythere elongata Wakefield, 1994 from the lower–middle Bathonian (Tenuiplicatus–Progracilis zones) of the Inner Hebrides, Scotland, as well as the genus Mandelstamia from the Upper Jurassic and lower Cretaceous of Europe.
Ricci solitons on α-Sasakian manifolds with quarter symmetric metric connection
Authors: Siddiqui A.N. , Siddiqi M.D. , Vandana Vandana
Published: September 2024

The main object of the present paper is to discuss about the quarter symmetric metric connection on α-Sasakian Manifold with respect to Ricci Soliton. In this paper, firstly, we discuss the quarter symmetric metric connection on α-Sasakian manifold. Secondly, we elaborate the results of quarter symmetric metric connection on α-Sasakian manifold which admits Ricci Soliton, and also flourish a non-trivial example of α-Sasakian manifold and validate some of our results. Thirdly, we classify certain curvature properties of the Ricci α-Sasakian manifold in regard to Quarter symmetric metric connection. Finally, we show Ricci Soliton on submanifold of α-Sasakian manifold in term of Levi-Civita and quarter symmetric metric connection.
PERAN CONTENT MARKETING INSTAGRAM SEBAGAI STRATEGI MENUMBUHKAN BRAND AWARENESS PADA USAHA SPRINGHSOP_PLW
Authors: Octaviana Eva , Zahara Zakiyah , Ponirin Ponirin , Farid Farid
Published: September 2024

Instagram telah menjadi salah satu media sosial paling populer dan berpengaruh, membuatnya efektif untuk memasarkan produk dan membangun kesadaran merek (brand awareness). Salah satu strategi yang populer adalah pemasaran konten. Banyak pelaku usaha, termasuk Springshop_Plw, memanfaatkan pemasaran konten di Instagram untuk memasarkan produk mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran pemasaran konten Instagram sebagai strategi menumbuhkan kesadaran merek pada usaha Springshop_Plw. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Dimana dalam memperoleh data dilakukan melalui proses observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi literatur. Penelitian ini menganalisis implementasi strategi pemasaran konten Instagram Springshop_Plw berdasarkan delapan tahap yang dikemukakan oleh Kotler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Springshop_Plw secara efektif menggunakan berbagai fitur Instagram seperti Reels, Feeds, Stories, dan Highlights untuk meningkatkan interaksi dan jangkauan. Analisis data Instagram menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan jumlah pengunjung dari 440 menjadi 604 dalam periode 90 hari, mengindikasikan pertumbuhan kesadaran merek. Pemasaran konten, terutama Reels, menunjukkan kinerja yang baik dalam menarik perhatian pengguna. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa strategi pemasaran konten Instagram Springshop_Plw berhasil meningkatkan kesadaran merek, mengubah status audiens dari tidak menyadari merek menjadi pengenalan merek dalam piramida kesadaran merek. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemasaran konten di Instagram dapat menjadi strategi efektif untuk membangun kesadaran merek bagi usaha kecil seperti Springshop_Plw
Kata Kunci: Pemasaran Konten, Instagram, Kesadaran Merek, Pemasaran Media Sosial
Eksplorasi Etnomatematika pada Motif Batik Pasiran Garut ditinjau dari Aspek Matematis
Authors: Nursyamsiah Milpa , Pusitasari Nitta , Zulkarnain  , Mardiani Dian
Published: September 2024

Mathematics is a branch of science that is very important for human life. There are many ways to make mathematics more contextual, one of which is by using ethnomathematics. This study aims to determine the historical and philosophical aspects, and determine the mathematical aspects of the Garut Pasiran batik. The resource persons for this study were artisans from Pasiran Garut batik. The method in this study uses a qualitative descriptive method with an ethnographic approach. The data collection technique used in this study was using interview guide sheets, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used is data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study are that the Pasiran Garut batik has mathematical aspects, namely flat shapes and geometric transformations. Each Pasiran Garut batik motif, namely the Mayang Kahuripan, Leuit Pare, Dapros Pare, Kangkung and Merak motifs has its own historical and philosophical aspects.
Matematika merupakan salah satu cabang ilmu yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia. Ada banyak cara untuk menjadikan matematika lebih kontekstual, salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan etnomatematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek historis dan filosofis, dan aspek matematis dari batik Pasiran Garut. Narasumber dari penelitian ini adalah pengrajin batik Pasiran Garut. Metode pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan Pendekatan Etnografi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan lembar pedoman wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah batik Pasiran Garut terdapat aspek matematis yaitu bangun datar dan transformasi geometri. Setiap motif batik Pasiran Garut yaitu motif Mayang Kahuripan, Leuit Pare, Dapros Pare, Kangkung dan Merak memiliki aspek historis dan filosofis tersendiri.
Kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah perbandingan senilai
Authors: Tito Alya Sa’diyah Azzahra Putri , Dedi Muhtadi  , Sukirwan
Published: September 2024

This study aims to analyze students' numeracy literacy in solving proportional comparison problems. The research employs a qualitative method with a case study approach. The subjects of the study are 30 eighth-grade students from a public junior high school in Tasikmalaya. The instruments used include numeracy literacy tests, in-depth interviews, and classroom observations. The results indicate that the level of understanding of proportional comparison concepts varies widely among students. Students with a good understanding tend to use analytical and systematic strategies in problem-solving, while those with lower understanding rely on a trial-and-error approach. The main difficulties faced by students include understanding the language of problems, performing mathematical operations, and using visual representations. This study emphasizes the importance of developing conceptual understanding, effective problem-solving strategies, as well as improving mathematical literacy skills and the use of visual representations in teaching. The implications of these findings are the need for curriculum development and more effective teaching strategies to enhance students' numeracy literacy.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah perbandingan senilai. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Subjek penelitian adalah 30 siswa kelas VII di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri di Tasikmalaya. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi tes soal literasi numerasi, wawancara mendalam, observasi kelas, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pemahaman konsep perbandingan senilai sangat bervariasi di antara siswa. Siswa dengan pemahaman baik cenderung menggunakan strategi analitis dan sistematis dalam menyelesaikan masalah, sementara siswa dengan pemahaman rendah mengandalkan pendekatan trial-and-error. Kesulitan utama yang dihadapi siswa mencakup pemahaman bahasa masalah, operasi matematika, dan penggunaan representasi visual. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya pengembangan pemahaman konseptual, strategi pemecahan masalah yang efektif, serta peningkatan keterampilan literasi matematika dan penggunaan representasi visual dalam pengajaran. Implikasi dari temuan ini adalah perlunya pengembangan kurikulum dan strategi pengajaran yang lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan literasi numerasi siswa.