bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in selected chicken breeds in South Africa
Authors: Idowu Peter Ayodeji , Mpofu Takalani J , Zishiri Oliver T , Nephawe Khathutshelo A. , Mtileni Bohani
Published: February 2024

BackgroundThe impact of chickens onmaintaining the economy and livelihood of rural communities cannot be overemphasized. In recent years, one of the diseases affecting its success has been Mycoplasma spp. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) are significant respiratory pathogens that affect chickens. The presentstudy aimed to molecularly detect and characterize the presence of MG and MS intracheal swabsand fecalsamples fromSouth African chicken breeds.
Methods: Forty-five tracheal swabs from the Lohmann Brown (n=9), Rhode Island (n=9), Ovambo (n=9), Venda (n=9), and Potchefstroom Koekoek (n=9) breeds were collected.To detect MG and MS, DNA was extracted from tracheal swabsand faecal samples,and qPCR was performed with a 16S rRNA (185 bp) and vlhA (392 bp) gene fragment. Following the sequencing of all the amplicons, MG, and MS dendrograms showing the evolutionary relationships among the five South African chicken breeds and the reference population from the GenBankwere constructed.
Results: The qPCR revealed the presence of MG and MS in 22% (2/9) of the tested tracheal swab samples for MS only in Rhode Island breeds;66.6% (6/9) and 33% (3/9) of the tested samples in Ovambo breeds;and 11.1% (1/9) and 44.4% (4/9) of the tested samples in Venda breeds. No MG orMS were detected in the Lohmann Brown orPotchefstroom Koekoek breed. Furthermore, qPCR revealed the presence of MG in pooled faecal samples from Lohmann Brown and Ovambo breeds. Eight different bacterial isolates were recognized from both samples. Four isolates were of the Mycoplasma gallisepticum 16sribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene (named PT/MG51/ck/00, PT/MG48/ck/00, PT/MG41/ck/00 and PT/MG71/ck/00),and one was of the Mycoplasma Synoviae variable lipoprotein hemagglutinin A (vlhA) gene (named PT/MSA22/ck/01, PT/MS41/ck/01, PT/MS74/ck/01 and PT/MS46/ck/01). These isolateswere successfully sequenced with 95–100percentage similarity with isolates from the gene bank.
Conclusion: The study revealedgreat variation in susceptibility to MG and MS amongthe chicken breeds sampled. This, therefore, poses a threat to South Africa poultry production becausethere is a need for strict biosecurity measures and constant detection of the presence of MG and MS to prevent their spread.
Zhishi xiebai guizhi decoction ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice via the Autophagy-ACBP-TSPO axis
Authors: liu linling , Cui xiaobing , Jiang jing , Zhang yaxin , zeng ping , gu yuyan , Fu xueqin , Li rong , Jia yuhua , Cheng saibo , Jin wen , Zhou fenghua
Published: February 2024

Background
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is often associated with oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, programmed cell death, and autophagy. Protecting the mitochondrial function of myocardial tissue is critical for cardiac function. However, there is currently no effective treatment for MIRI. We aimed to determine whether zhishi xiebai guizhi decoction (ZXGD) attenuates MIRI through the autophagy-ACBP-TSPO axis.
Methods
A model of MIRI was established in mice by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min and reperfusion for 2 h. The myocardial injury was assessed by TTC-Evans blue and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stains. The potential protein targets were identified using network analysis and molecular docking. Mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production were detected using JC-1 assay and ATP assay kit, respectively. The target proteins were detected by western blotting, immunofluorescence analysis, and immunohistochemistry.
Results
ZXGD markedly attenuated myocardial damage, and enhanced cardiac function and mitochondrial morphology in mice accompanied with ischemia-reperfusion. It was found that AKT1-mTOR-mediated autophagy was possibly involved in the pretreatment of ZXGD on MIRI by network analysis and molecular docking. Experiments in vivo confirmed that ZXGD could inhibit myocardium autophagy, partly through activating the AKT1-mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, we revealed that ZXGD could promote ACBP expression and ACBP-TSPO binding in the myocardium, which might result from the regulation of autophagy.
Conclusion
ZXGD pretreatment significantly ameliorates MIRI by activating the autophagy-ACBP-TSPO axis in mice.
Effect of loupe and microscope on dentists’ neck and shoulder muscle workload during crown preparation
Authors: Hong Soohyun , Park Jinyoung , Jeon Mi-Jeong , Shin Su-Jung , Park Jung Hyun , Park Jeong-Won
Published: February 2024

Even though there is a consensus among dentists that the use of a visual aid not only enhances vision but also helps to maintain an erect posture, there is scarce evidence. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of visual aids (loupe and microscope) on the muscle workload of dentists during crown preparation on dentiform first molars of every quadrant in a phantom head, according to dentists’ muscle, patients’ tooth position, and tooth surface. Six right-handed dentists from a single tertiary hospital participated in this study. Results showed significant differences in muscle workload according to visual aid (p < 0.05), especially with the use of a microscope. The muscle with the highest workload for all types of visual aid was the cervical erector spinae followed by upper trapezius. No significant difference in muscle workload according to tooth position was found. As for tooth surface, statistical difference in muscle workload according to visual aid was observed for proximal surface of every tooth position (p < 0.05). Therefore, during crown preparation, the workload of the studied muscles can successfully be reduced with the use of a loupe or microscope.
Estimating the impact of maternity service delivery on health in Malawi: An individual-based modelling study
Authors: Collins Joseph , Allott Helen , Ng'ambi Wingston , Lin Ines Li , Giordano Mosè , Graham Matthew , Janoušková Eva , Kachale Fannie , Kawaza Kondwani , Mangal Tara , Mfutso-Bengo Joseph , Mnjowe Emmanuel , Mohan Sakshi , Molaro Margherita , Nkhoma Dominic , Revill Paul , Rodger Alison , She Bingling , Tamuri Asif , Tann Cally , Twea Pakwanja , Cambiano Valentina , Hallett Timothy , Phillips Andrew , Colbourn Tim
Published: February 2024

Despite improvements in maternal and perinatal health in Malawi, morbidity and mortality remain high, partially due to gaps in the coverage and quality of health services. We developed an individual-based simulation model of maternal and perinatal health and healthcare in Malawi, situated in a ‘whole-health system, all-disease’ framework. We considered scenarios to estimate the impact of current coverage, improved coverage and improved coverage and quality of antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal services from 2023 to 2030. Whilst current service delivery is inferred to avert morbidity and mortality, there is scope to substantially improve population health through higher coverage of services meeting or exceeding minimum quality of care standards. Generally, increased coverage without quality improvement did not impact mortality or DALYs, with maternal deaths being most reduced through high coverage and quality postnatal service delivery (40% reduction) and stillbirths and neonatal deaths being most reduced through improved intrapartum services (10% and 29% reductions, respectively). Importantly, whilst maximum availability of intrapartum care may reduce neonatal deaths sufficiently to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3.2 by 2030, no single scenario led to reductions in maternal mortality sufficient to achieve SDG target 3.1, suggesting system wide investments are essential if such targets are to be met.
The causal relationship between gut microbiota and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis combined with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Xu Qiyang , Fang Jihong , Wang Yi , Lang Dehai , Xu Bin
Published: February 2024

Background
Over the years, numerous studies have explored the relationship between gut microbiota and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LEDVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). This study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal link between gut microbiota and LEDVT combined with PE.
Methods
Human gut microbiota genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from the Mibiogen consortium (n = 18,340) were utilized. Summary-level data on LEDVT (2,116 cases and 359,078 controls) and LEDVT combined with PE (4,319 cases and 356,875 controls) were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS project. MR analysis was conducted using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis. Additionally, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode were employed as supplementary methods. Sensitivity analyses, including tests for heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, were performed.
Results
The IVW analyses revealed 7 causal relationships between genetic liability in the gut microbiota and LEDVT and 5 causal relationships between genetic liability in the gut microbiota and LEDVT combined with PE. The intersection of these outcomes identified that the genus Butyricicoccus reduced the risk of both LEDVT and LEDVT combined with PE, while the genus Clostridium innocuum increased the risk for both conditions.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that the gut microbiota is causally associated with LEDVT and LEDVT combined with PE. Our findings provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms and suggest potential avenues for further clinical investigations of these conditions.
Non effectiveness of cryostorage duration on clinical and neonatal outcomes after single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfers
Authors: Baatarsuren Mungunshagai , Jamiyansuren Jambaldorj , Ganbaatar Chinzorig , Sengebaljir Davaakhuu , Eredenkhuyag Belguune , Enhkbaatar Sandag , Mungunsuvd Namsrai , Baljinnyam Lkhagvasuren , Tumur-Ochir Ganjiguur , Amarsaikhan Ariunaa , Dorjpurev Amarjargal , Ganbat Gereltsetseg , Boris Tsogzolmaa , Khangarid Azjargal
Published: February 2024

Background
In the current era of assisted reproductive technology, the strategy of single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer (SVBT) is acknowledged for positively impacting clinical outcomes and preventing the risk of multiple conceptions. Previous studies have indicated that blastocyst grade and the day of blastocyst positively correlate with outcomes. Moreover, storage duration has no significant effect on survival rates, clinical outcomes and neonatal outcomes. However, some researchers express controversial opinions on cryostorage duration, and their findings suggest a negative impact on clinical outcomes. These results remain subject to controversy and limited studies exist regarding the outcomes after SVBT. Therefore, our study aims to investigate the impact of the day of blastocyst, blastocyst grade and blastocyst cryostorage duration on clinical and neonatal outcomes following SVBT in patients who underwent clomiphene-citrate based minimal stimulation.
Material and methods
In this study, retrospective cohort study data collected from June 2015 to November 2022 included 3121 non-donor cycles of SVBT from 1810 patients who underwent a clomiphene-based minimal ovarian stimulation protocol or a drug-free natural protocol at the Ojinmed IVF Center. Patients were categorized into four groups based on blastocyst cryostorage duration: group 1 (< 2 months, n = 905), group 2 (3–6 months, n = 927), group 3 (6–12 months, n = 835) and group 4 (> 12 months, n = 454).
Result
Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that prolonged cryostorage duration insignificantly correlated with clinical outcomes. Although, in group 2 (aOR 1.37, CI 95% 0.99–1.88, p = 0.049), group 3 (aOR 1.42, CI 95% 1.02–1.98, p = 0.03), and group 4 (aOR 1.5, CI 95% 1.01–2.21, p = 0.04), blastocysts are correlated with a miscarriage rate than those in group 1. Additionally, women’s age, blastocyst grade and the day of blastocyst are strongly correlated with clinical outcomes.
Conclusions
Our study suggests that patients who underwent clomiphene citrate-based minimal stimulation and were subsequently selected for blastocyst transfer should consider cryostorage duration, as prolonged cryostorage of blastocysts was associated with a higher miscarriage rate.
Understanding the relationship between pore size, surface charge density, and Cu 2+ adsorption in mesoporous silica
Authors: Niu Yanhui , Yu Wenbin , Yang Shuguang , Wan Quan
Published: February 2024

This research delved into the influence of mesoporous silica's surface charge density on the adsorption of Cu2+. The synthesis of mesoporous silica employed the hydrothermal method, with pore size controlled by varying the length of trimethylammonium bromide (CnTAB, n = 12,14,16) chains. Gas adsorption techniques and transmission electron microscopy characterized the mesoporous silica structure. Surface charge densities of the mesoporous silica were determined through potentiometric titration, while surface hydroxyl densities were assessed using the thermogravimetric method. Subsequently, batch adsorption experiments were conducted to study the adsorption of Cu2+ in mesoporous silica, and the process was comprehensively analyzed using Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and L3 edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). The research findings suggest a positive correlation between the pore size of mesoporous silica, its surface charge density, and the adsorption capacity for Cu2+. More specifically, as the pore size increases within the 3-4.1 nm range, the surface charge density and the adsorption capacity for Cu2+ also increase. Our findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between the physicochemical properties of mesoporous silica and the adsorption behavior of Cu2+, offering potential applications in areas such as environmental remediation and catalysis.
Synthesis and comparative evaluation of HZSM-5 and NaZSM-5 zeolites in the catalytic dehydration of glycerol
Authors: Roldão Caroline Pereira , Filho Rui dos Santos Ferreira , Fernandes Juliana Oliveira , De Souza Taiana Denardi , Silva Edilene Deise da , Rosa Cezar Augusto Da , MORTOLA VANESSA BONGALHARDO
Published: February 2024

Glycerol is one of the main byproducts of the transesterification reaction involved in biodiesel production. Due to its low added value, several efforts have been made to make it more economically valuable, including catalytic processes to convert it into products of higher economic benefit, such as acrolein and allyl alcohol. This research work presents the synthesis of two zeolites with different superficial acid strengths, HZSM-5 and NaZSM-5. The catalytic performance of both materials was evaluated in the dehydration of glycerol reaction. X-ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, thermogravimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were applied to characterize the structural and superficial properties. Temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 indicated a predominance of weak acid sites in NaZSM-5 and intermediate and strong ones in HZSM-5. This different acidity properties results in superior catalytic performance of HZSM-5, however both catalysts showed activity in the glycerol dehydration reaction. HZSM-5 catalyst has greater catalytic stability and less deactivation during the reaction. The product distribution showed a majority production of acrolein when HZSM-5 was the catalyst and an accentuated decrease in selectivity in the presence of NaZSM-5.
Cutting-Edge Strategies in Minimal Invasive Left Hemicolectomy for Tumors around the Splenic Flexure: Analyzing the Short-term Outcomes Between Transrectal Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction and Conventional Laparoscopy
Authors: Jong Bor-Kang , Hsu Yu-Jen , Chern Yih-Jong , Tsai Wen-Sy , Huang Shu-Huan , Lai I-Li , Cheng Ching-Chung , You Jeng-Fu
Published: February 2024

Background The short-term outcomes of laparoscopic anterior resection with natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) are favorable. NOSE is, however, rarely used during left hemicolectomy surgeries. We retrospectively compared the feasibility, safety, and short-term results of transrectal NOSE for patients undergoing laparoscopic left hemicolectomy with conventional mini-laparotomy specimen extraction.Methods All patients who received laparoscopic left hemicolectomy surgery between January 2018 and December 2021, including 144 who underwent conventional surgery with specimen extraction through mini-laparotomy and 23 who underwent transrectal NOSE surgery, were enrolled in a single hospital. Surgical outcomes were assessed, including complications, postoperative short-term recovery, and pain level.Results The NOSE group had a shorter operation time, earlier postoperative recovery, a lower degree of pain on postoperative day 1, and a shorter hospital stay compared with the conventional group. In addition, postoperative morbidity was not noted in the transrectal NOSE group but was found in seven patients in the conventional group.Conclusion Laparoscopic left hemicolectomy with transrectal NOSE is a safe and feasible technique that results in quicker postoperative recovery and a shorter hospital stay. The advantages of transrectal NOSE compared to traditional mini-laparotomy in laparoscopic left hemicolectomy are being conducted for the first time in this study.
Identifying Trigger Cues for Hospital Blood Transfusions Based on Ensemble Learning Methods
Authors: Zadorozny Eva V. , Weigel Tyler , Galvagno Samuel M. , Brown Joshua B. , Guyette Francis X.
Published: February 2024

Background
Traumatic shock is the leading cause of preventable death with most patients dying within the first 6 hours. This underscores the importance of prehospital interventions, and growing evidence suggests prehospital transfusion improves survival. Optimizing transfusion triggers in the prehospital setting is key to improving outcomes for patients in hemorrhagic shock. Our objective was to identify factors associated with early in-hospital transfusion requirements available to prehospital clinicians in the field to develop a simple algorithm for prehospital transfusion, particularly for patients with occult shock.
Methods
We included trauma patients transported by a single critical care transport service to a level I trauma center between 2012 and 2019. We used logistic regression, Fast and Frugal Trees (FFTs), and Bayesian analysis to identify factors associated with early in-hospital blood transfusion as a potential trigger for prehospital transfusion.
Results
We included 2,157 patients transported from the scene or emergency department (ED) of whom 207 (9.60%) required blood transfusion within 4 hours of admission. The mean age was 47 (IQR = 28–62) and 1,480 (68.6%) patients were male. From 13 clinically relevant factors for early hospital transfusions, four were incorporated into the FFT in following order: 1) SBP, 2) prehospital lactate concentration, 3) Shock Index, 4) AIS of chest (sensitivity = 0.81, specificity = 0.71). The chosen thresholds were similar to conventional ones. Using conventional thresholds resulted in lower model sensitivity. Consistently, prehospital lactate was among most decisive factors of hospital transfusions identified by Bayesian analysis (OR = 2.31; 95% CI 1.55–3.37).
Conclusions
Using an ensemble of frequentist statistics, Bayesian analysis and machine learning, we developed a simple, clinically relevant, prehospital algorithm to help identify patients requiring transfusion within 4 hours of hospital arrival.
Triptonide induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by activating the p38/p53 pathway and autophagy
Authors: Lou Ruoxuan , Yang Taohua , Zhang Xiaoying , Gu Jianyi , XueLu Jiadai , Gan Danhui , Li Haijing , Chen Yuanhong , Jiang Jianwei
Published: February 2024

Ovarian cancer is a common malignant tumor in women, and 70% of ovarian cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Drug chemotherapy is an important method for treating ovarian cancer, but recurrence and chemotherapy resistance often lead to treatment failure. In this study, we screened 10 extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii, a traditional Chinese herb, and found that triptonide had potent anti-ovarian cancer activity and an IC50 of only 2.972 nM against A2780 cell lines. In addition, we determined that triptonide had a better antitumor effect on A2780 cell lines than platinum chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and that triptonide had no significant side effects in vivo. Further studies showed that triptonide exerts its anti-ovarian cancer effect through activation of the p38/p53 pathway and induction of autophagy to promote apoptosis, which provides a new candidate drug and strategy for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Beyond Inundation: A Comprehensive Assessment of Sea Level Rise Impact on Coastal Cultural Heritage in China
Authors: Chen Zihua , Gao Qian , Li Xiaowei , Yang Xiaohui , Wang Zhenbo
Published: February 2024

The rise in sea levels, driven by global climate change, poses a significant threat to cultural heritage in coastal regions. Traditional risk assessment methods, focusing on direct inundation, often fail to consider the crucial impact of socio-economic factors, which are significantly vulnerable to sea lever rise. To bridge this gap, this study introduces an innovative Sea Level Rise Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment Model (SLR-CHIA Model), a novel approach that integrates both land inundation and socio-economic aspects. This comprehensive model evaluates potential risks to various types of cultural heritage in coastal China, including intangible cultural heritage, relics, and traditional villages. The study's findings are striking: (1) About 7.79% of coastal villages, 53.94% of relics, and 2.53% of intangible cultural heritage are potentially at high risk in a 100-year sea level rise event; (2) Relics in the Eastern coast and villages in the Southern coast are most vulnerable (3) Different types of cultural heritage rely on diverse principal factors for protection, resulting in varied risk levels under sea level rise conditions. The SLR-CHIA Model provides a vital methodological framework for evaluating cultural heritage risks in other global regions.
Effective Survival Prediction and Evaluation for Cancer Patients
Authors: Farrokh Mahtab , Qi Shiang , Kumar Neeraj , Greiner Russell
Published: February 2024

Background: As cancer is the leading global cause of death, an ongoing challenge is predicting an individual’s cancer progression accurately, to facilitate personalized treatment planning. In deploying individual survival prediction models, a pivotal question emerges: Are we striving to compare survival durations between patients (e.g., ‘Who survives longer between patients A and B?’) or are we endeavoring to estimate a specific patient’s survival time (e.g., ‘How long will patient A survive?’), among other scenarios. This paper addresses this fundamental inquiry and conducts a comprehensive evaluation of such predictive models.
Materials and methods: We consider 9 common solid tumors (brain, breast, kidney, liver, lung, stomach, prostate, thyroid, and urinary bladder) using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. We employ both conventional and advanced machine learning models that predict individualized survival distributions. We consider several different possible goals of a survival prediction model and connect each goal to a specific evaluation metric. We propose modified versions of the mean absolute error tailored to address a query about a patient’s expected survival duration.
Results: Our research involved training multiple models on various cancer types and rigorously evaluating those models using the proposed metrics. We demonstrate that a model might be effective for one goal but ineffective for another, and show that we can determine this based on the measure used. Our findings underscore the importance of selecting an appropriate evaluation measure that is aligned with the primary objective of a study.
Conclusion: This work highlights the need for evaluation metrics that are relevant to the research objectives and identifies which objective leads to which evaluation metric. This research sets a path for future research that seeks to further refine predictive models for oncological prognostication. Keywords: survival analysis, cancer study, machine learning, effective evaluation
Association between teachers’ outdoor smoking attitude and smoking initiation among in-school adolescents in Albania: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Appiah Francis , Fenteng Justice Ofosu Darko , Bediako Vincent Bio , Boakye Kingsley , Boateng George , Baatiema Linus , Ayerakwah Patience Ansomah , Darkwa Joseph Bless , Darteh Andrews Ohene , Salihu Tarif
Published: February 2024

Background
The initiation of smoking during adolescence is a critical public health issue with long-term implications for non-communicable diseases. Smoking rates among youth remain high despite efforts to implement tobacco control policies. This study examines the potential influence of teachers' outdoor smoking attitudes on the smoking behaviors of in-school adolescents.
Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2020 Albania Global Youth Tobacco Survey. The study sample comprised 4,042 school-going adolescents aged 13–15, selected through a two-stage sampling methodology. The key outcome and explanatory variables were “smoking initiation among in-school adolescents” and "teachers' outdoor smoking attitude in school" respectively whilst 16 covariates were controlled. At 95% confidence interval and 5% alpha level, logistic regression models were performed to explore associations between the main explanatory variable and adolescent smoking initiation, and outputs reported in odds ratio.
Results
Out of 4,042 participants, 20% of the adolescents had initiated smoking. The study found an association between teachers’ outdoor smoking and smoking initiation among in-school adolescents. In-school adolescents exposed to teachers' outdoor smoking behavouir had a higher likelihood of smoking than their colleagues who were not exposed [AOR = 1.28, CI = 1.05–1.56]. Receiving pocket money per week [AOR = 1.40, CI = 1.01–1.96], finding it easy to buy cigarettes [AOR = 3.46, CI = 2.73–4.39], having a close friend who smokes [AOR = 2.58, CI = 2.11–3.17], and unaware that smoking at public places is prohibited [AOR = 1.61, CI = 1.32–1.95] predicted smoking initiation among in-school adolescents in Albania.
Conclusions
The study underscores the significant impact of teachers' smoking attitudes in school settings on the smoking behaviors of in-school adolescents in Albania. Promoting smoke-free school campuses and increasing awareness of smoking's harmful effects are crucial steps in mitigating smoking initiation among adolescents. The government through the Ministry of Education, Sports and Youth of Albania should enforce stringent policies against smoking in schools, emphasizing the role of teachers and school staff as role models in fostering a healthy, smoke-free environment for students.
Occupancy dynamics of free ranging American mink (Neogale vison) in Greece
Authors: Bakaloudis Dimitrios E. , Thoma Charalambos T. , Makridou Konstantina N. , Kotsonas Evangelos G.
Published: February 2024

Identifying the environmental factors that determine the occurrence of invasive species is essential in defining and implementing effective control campaigns. We tracked American mink (Neogale vison) presence using 150 floating rafts and applied multi-season occupancy models across different spatial scales to identify those factors determining the species’ probability of occupancy, colonization and extinction in Western Macedonia, Greece. We found that increasing values of shrub and rock cover at the micro-habitat scale were positively associated with the species’ probability of initial occupancy, as was the density of medium-sized rivers at the landscape scale. Colonization was found to increase with increasing amounts of shrub and reed cover, however both variables were uninformative. Conversely, the distance from the nearest fur farm was highly informative in predicting the specie’s local extinction probability. Effective control actions may require removal by trapping along rocky or densely vegetated river banks or lake shores located in the vicinity of the established fur farms in the area. Habitat management, although possible, may be difficult to implement due to the specie’s ability to adapt. Finally, fur farms should maximize security and establish an early warning and rapid eradication system in case of future escapes.
Synthesis, characterization and toxicity assessment of chlorantraniliprole nanoemulsion against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)
Authors: Devi Geeta , Jain Karuna , Dhaka Rahul Kumar , Saini Rahul , Saini Shubham , Jakhar Anil , Ahlawat Sushil , Kumar Lomash
Published: February 2024

Helicoverpa armigera is a highly devastating and polyphagous pest attacking on vegetable crops. Effective management strategies against this pest are crucial for sustainable agricultural production. However, the reliance on the available chemical pesticides under field conditions remains a predominant approach due to their immediate efficacy and ease of application. In this regard, nanoemulsions present a promising avenue for the development of advanced pesticide formulations for efficient pest management. The current research aimed to develop oil-in-water (O/W) chlorantraniliprole stable nanoemulsion using combinations of different solvents (butanol, DMSO and toluene), tween- 80 (non-ionic surfactant) and sodium laurel sulfonate (anionic co-surfactant) to reduce the dose and increase toxicity of chlorantraniliprole as targeted pesticide. Ultrasonication, a high energy emulsification method, is adopted to obtain the particle size in nanometre (nm). The nano size of emulsion is confirmed by Dynamic light scattering (62.43 nm), Scanning electron microscopy (55±5 nm), X-ray diffraction (42.9 nm) and Transmission electron microscopy (22.5±2.5 nm). Stability of synthesized nanoemulsion is confirmed via, centrifugation, freeze thaw cycle, heating cooling test, and zeta potential. Moreover, the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole nanoformulations is evaluated against Helicoverpa armigera and compared with commercially available chlorantraniliprole formulation (18.5 SC). Chlorantraniliprole nanoemulsion formulation (a.i.:12%) is 3.3 times and 2.2 times more toxic than commercial chlorantraniliprole formulation using topical application method and diet incorporation method, respectively. Hence, the present investigation turns out to be a promising strategy for advancement of targeted pesticide delivery systems and resulting more efficient pest management in agriculture.
Investigating Drilling Efficiency: A Study on Indexable Centerless Drilling of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Zahoor Sadaf , Ehsan Sana , Raza Syed Farhan , Khan Atif Qayyum , Anwar Saqib , Ali Ahad
Published: February 2024

Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), is highly regarded in the aerospace industry due to its exceptional strength-to-weight ratio. The alloy's low thermal conductivity and high tensile strength pose machining challenges, leading to increased tool temperatures and mechanical stress. The conventional use of solid carbide drills is hindered by substantial tool wear. To improve tool life, prior research has delved into various cutting strategies, ranging from flood cooling to minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), enduring challenges persist. This study introduces an innovative approach, leveraging Titanium Aluminum Nitride (TiAlN) coated indexable centerless inserts to bore holes in Ti-6Al-4V under three distinct cutting conditions: dry, flood cooling, and MQL. These conditions are scrutinized across varied feed rates (60 mm/min, 100 mm/min, and 120 mm/min) with a fixed spindle speed of 1200 rpm. The study's primary focus is on key output parameters, including surface roughness (SR), tool life, and cutting temperature. From the parametric and surface topographic analysis, the findings reveal that under the flood cutting approach with a 60 mm/min feed rate, the indexable inserts excelled when drilling Ti-6Al-4V. This combination delivered a better surface quality (Ra = 1.66 µm), extended tool life (27814.27 mm3 material removed and 18 holes drilled), and lower cutting temperature (881°F). Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis corroborates that most common types of wear observed were abrasion, delamination, cracking, and edge fracture.
Integrating Personality Functioning in Brief Psychotherapy for Substance Use Disorders
Authors: George Rojo Shalom , Narayanan Gitanjali , Kandasamy Arun
Published: February 2024

A large treatment gap exists for substance use disorders (SUDs) in India. Among other factors, personality impairments are widely implicated in the initiation and maintenance of SUDs leading to poor outcomes. Available brief interventions do not adequately address this vulnerability. Longer term therapies are resource intensive and therefore difficult to incorporate in tertiary care settings due to poor treatment provider-patient ratio. Further, trait-based and categorical models have limited application in brief psychotherapies. Moreover, core pathology seen across personality disorders such as the impairments in self and interpersonal functioning present as modifiable characteristic adaptations of more stable personality structures. Therefore, the present article attempts to explore the possibility of integrating the personality functioning model as proposed by the alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) in the DSM-5, within brief psychotherapies for SUDs. Modifications to the routine treatment structure, assessment, formulation and content are suggested with a focus on personality functioning. The clinical utility of the level of personality functioning scale (LPFS) is also demonstrated using a brief case illustration. Further research is required to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing a personality functioning model among patients with SUDs in India.
An Innovative Modeling Approach and Advanced Technique for Fault Detection and Distinction in Permanent Magnet Flux-Switching Motors
Authors: Naderi Peyman , Mikaeeli Shahram , Ehsan-Maleki Behzad , Ramezannezhad Arman
Published: February 2024

This paper presents a Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Motor (PM-FSM) performance analysis in healthy and faulty cases by a mathematical modeling method. A new fault detection and separation technique is described using six search windings (SWs), each obtained by two series search coils (SCs). The goal of the paper is to consider Static, dynamic, and mixed eccentricities (SE, DE, and ME), inter-turn (IT), and PM demagnetization (PD) faults. The style of the induced voltages is employed for the described fault detection/separation, where the IT and PD faults location is possible by using six open-circuit voltage of the search windings. Since each fault has a particular waveform style in the induced voltages of the SWs, the proposed method yields a real-time fast technique. The method is independent of the motor load thanks to the voltage-based approach, where the rotor rotation is the only necessity of the proposed method. Although the method used twelve SCs in the motor structure, distinguishing the various faults and their location possibility are its advantages compared to other SC-based techniques that use fewer SCs. The well-known flexible Magnetic Equivalent Circuit (MEC) with adjustable accuracy is used to analyze healthy and faulty motors by a unique model thanks to its flexibility and shorter processing time compared to the Finite-Element Method (FEM).
Community effort to unravel the complex human neuronal landscape exemplified for the striatum
Authors: Schultze Joachim , Agrawal Shobhit , Scholz Rebekka , Hartmann Celia , Hetzel Leon , Carraro Caterina , Bernardes Joana , Lautwein Tobias , Reinhardt Susanne , Franitza Marek , Fuss Janina , Schulze-Selting Antje , Heimbach André , Conrad Thomas , Buena-Atienza Elena , Buettner Maren , Elmzzahi Tarek , Pacht Tal , Paulusch Stefan , Wollenweber Tassilo , Kock Sabine , Falk-Paulsen Maren , Roscito Juliana , Czemmel Stefan , Bank Netherlands Brain , Becker Matthias , De-Domenico Elena , Bonaguro Lorenzo , Franzenburg Sören , Koehrer Karl , Casadei Nicolas , Händler Kristian , Dahl Andreas , Huitinga Inge , Altmueller Janine , Nuernberg Peter , Bonifacio Ezio , Rieß Olaf , Rosenstiel Philip , Wieczorek Dagmar , Noethen Markus , Theis Fabian , Ulas Thomas , Beyer Marc
Published: February 2024

Precise determination of cellular identity and molecular phenotypes through advanced high-throughput technologies is crucial for understanding intricate tissue functions, especially in complex organs like the brain. Given the complexity of the brain, community efforts are needed but currently underexploited to unravel the function of the human brain. In this study, we present findings from a multi-center investigation performed as a community effort involving seven genome centers. We analyzed single-nucleus transcriptomes obtained from NeuN+ neurons from the putamen and caudate nucleus of both healthy individuals and Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients. Our results demonstrate the potential for establishing community-wide standards, fostering collaborative networks, and enhancing brain cell classification efforts. We propose a transcriptional architecture that encodes synaptic communication patterns in the striatum, comprising of cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs), transmitter/modulator receptors, ion channels, signaling proteins, neuropeptides, vesicular release components, and transcription factors. This classification serves as a foundation for mapping and integrating publicly available datasets, showcasing the value of deep sampling in defined brain regions for comprehensive brain-wide analyses. Importantly, this nomenclature can serve as a template for other brain regions. This community effort enabled the precise mapping of cellular alterations in Parkinson's Disease. Transcriptional changes predominantly occurred in specific cell states of medium spiny neurons within the putamen matrix, pointing towards increased excitability. Additionally, a disbalance in specific interneuron cell states was associated with heightened glutamatergic signaling, further contributing to increased overall excitability.
A green supply chain transportation network model incorporating multi-stakeholders’ condition using fuzzy game theory
Authors: Darvishsefat Mahmood , Rezaeian Javad , Pourpasha Mohammad Mahdi
Published: February 2024

Companies around the globe, aim to reduce stock, production cycle time, transportation cost, quality cost, to maximize their benefits. This is normally done by using supply chain management principles. There is, also, a raising global awareness around reducing our negative environmental impacts. To this end, this paper proposes a multi-level green supply chain transportation model under multi-stakeholder’s condition, in which fuzzy game and Shapley-Hukuhara value were used to select the best interactive mode by presenting different scenarios so that all stakeholders achieve their maximum benefits. The optimal model includes the lowest costs of purchase and production, maintenance, shortage, and warehousing, while the produced CO2 is minimized at different stages of production and transportation. The results of a numerical case study showed that the answer provided by the game theory for the value of the objective function is less than the ones by the transport problem, despite the deficit penalty.
RETRACTED: Enhancing the low-voltage ride-through capability of a wind turbine double-fed induction generator using hybrid model contains an adaptive neurofuzzy inference system controller and a crowbar circuit.
Authors:   Ashraf K. Abdelaal1
Published: February 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
EcoAgriBot: Harnessing Solar Energy and ESP8266 Connectivity for Precision and Sustainability in Rice Cultivation
Authors: Nebrida Alan , Millares Dhom Ryan S.
Published: February 2024

The EcoAgriBot project aims to tackle the inefficiencies and labor-intensive aspects of conventional rice farming by the use of a solar-powered, remote-controlled Rice Direct Seeder. The gadget, which is meant to improve accuracy and sustainability in rice cultivation, employs solar energy and an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module for intelligent functioning. The development approach included meticulous strategizing, conceptualization, and experimentation to guarantee optimal performance in arid terrain. The EcoAgriBot's field testing revealed its capacity to be controlled over great distances, its efficiency in seed planting, and its significant reduction in manpower requirements. The user comments emphasized the operating speed, cost-effectiveness, and convenience of use of the product, highlighting its potential to bring about a revolution in rice production. The study's findings indicate that the EcoAgriBot is a notable technical progression, providing a sustainable resolution to contemporary agricultural obstacles and laying the groundwork for forthcoming advancements in farming methodologies.
Low Adherence to and Low Sustainability of Weight Loss Among Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Espino Joseph Nino , Navarroza Ann Margaret C. , Velasco Alvin Brian C. , Romano Rommel , Dalupang Carmelita C. , Dy Frederick T. , Wong Stephen N.
Published: February 2024

Background: Weight loss, though difficult to attain and sustain over time, remains the cornerstone of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment. We aimed to describe weight changes among NAFLD patients.
Methods: This was a retrospective, cohort study of consecutively-identified NAFLD patients with >2 clinic visits from March2007–April2018. Weight changes from baseline were categorized into weight gain, weight loss, and no change. Baseline liver and metabolic biochemistries and non invasive liver fibrosis tests were correlated with the final weight changes. Succeeding weight changes after the initial follow-up visits were used to determine sustainability of weight loss. Results: Of the 240 patients included, 123 (51.2%), 93 (38.8%), and 24 (10%) had weight gain, weight loss, and no change, respectively. Only 12.5% had >5% weight loss. Duration of follow-up was significantly longer for patients with weight loss (p<0.001). None of the baseline demographic and laboratory data were associated with weight loss. Patients with weight loss also did not have significant changes to their biochemistries and non-invasive liver fibrosis tests compared to patients with weight gain/no change. Compared to patients with weight gain after the initial follow-up, where only 11.8% were able to lose weight on the final visit, 73.1% of patients who lost weight after the initial follow-up were able to sustain their weight loss on the final visit.
Conclusions: Weight loss is achieved in only a third of NAFLD patients. Although 73% of patients who lost weight initially were able to sustain it, patients who gained weight after the 1st follow-up were unlikely to lose weight on further follow-up.
The effect of selective alpha-1 receptor antagonist on arterial stiffness parameters in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia
Authors: Ucar Eda , Lale Elif Nazli , Ozen Enes , Yilmaz Yavuz , Yildirim Cagan , Genc Yunus Emre , Dogan Zekeriya , Gurel Emre , Sener Tarik Emre , Sunbul Murat
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Non-selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonists have been shown to reduce arterial stiffness. Our aim is to assess effects of selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist on arterial stiffness, namely silodosin.
Methods
This prospective study was carried out on 20 patients with recently diagnosed benign prostate hyperplasia. International Prostate Symptom Score calculation, arterial stiffness test with arteriograph and uroflowmetry were performed prior to planned silodosin medical treatment. After initial assessment, patients were given 8 mg of silodosin daily. Initial tests and calculations were repeated after 1 month of follow up. Comparisons between baseline and control data were performed using paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test for normally and non-normally distributed data respectively.
Results
There were significant reduction in International Prostate Symptom Scores of patients before and after silodosin treatment (p < 0.001). There were statistically insignificant reduction of arterial stiffness and increase of maximum flow rate (p = 0.314 and p = 0.053 respectively).
Conclusion
Although arterial stiffness parameters of our patients showed a trend of decrease with usage of silodosin, it did not reach statistical significance.
Ovarian Dysgerminoma Complicating Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of Management Strategies
Authors: Ghoshim Mona , Rashid Hana'a , Al-Mahdi Maha , Jowah Haitham Mohammed
Published: February 2024

Background: Ovarian dysgerminoma is a rare germ cell tumor that is uniquely challenging to diagnoseduring pregnancy. This case report illustrates the complexity of managing such a condition in a pregnant patient, with a focus on clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, therapeutic options, and patient outcomes.
Case Presentation: A 25-year-old woman, G6P4+1, presented with an 8-month history of amenorrhea and a 2-month history of progressively worsening lower abdominal pain, urine retention, and abdominal distension at 35 weeks of gestation. Upon examination, she was found to have an ovarian mass extending to the cervix. After a multidisciplinary discussion, a lower segment cesarean section was performed to deliver a live female infant, after which the ovarian mass was resected, which was later confirmed to be dysgerminoma with a yolk sac tumor. Diagnosis was established using ultrasound and supported by laboratory findings. The patient underwent surgery due to worsening symptoms, reflecting the urgent need for intervention. Postoperative management was complicated by the patient's refusal to continue with recommended chemotherapy. The patient initially recovered but later developed sudden abdominal distension and sought medical care at a rural facility. Despite the initial treatment, she experienced complications and tragically she passed away.
Conclusion: This case study underscores the importance of a thorough diagnostic approach, timely intervention, and the need for adherence to postoperative chemotherapy in the management of ovarian dysgerminoma during pregnancy. The findings also highlight the necessity of patient education and the potential impact of patient autonomy on treatment outcomes.
Analysis of Genetic Algorithms in Natural Language Processing
Authors: Bahadur Ekagrata
Published: February 2024

Natural language processing (NLP) has increased the interest in genetic algorithm (GA) due to their skills in solving complex optimization problems with extensive research on the use of genetic algorithms in NLP projects has been presented in this paper. First, we present the basic concepts behind genetic algorithms and their relevance to natural language processing. Then, we explore various applications of natural language processing (NLP) that use genetic algorithms, including text classification, sentiment analysis, machine translation, summarization, and question-answering systems. We examine the advantages and disadvantages of genetic algorithm applications in natural language processing by comparing their performance with traditional and modern approaches and discuss the factors influencing their effectiveness. Furthermore, we explore recent advancements, modifications, and hybridizations of Genetic Algorithms tailored to NLP tasks. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions in leveraging Genetic Algorithms for enhancing NLP technologies.