bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An All‐In‐One Rapid Prediction of Ground Motion Intensity Measures Hybrid Network for Multi‐Task in the North‐South Seismic Belt of China
Authors: Zhao Qingxu , Rong Mianshui , Zhang Bin , Li Xiaojun
Published: October 2024

The north‐south seismic belt of China poses a high risk of earthquakes, necessitating the need for accurate and rapid prediction of intensity measures (IMs) to prevent and mitigate potential damage. We have developed a new multi‐task model, CRAQuake, to predict IMs for the north‐south seismic belt of China. Using initial arrival seismic waves recorded at a single station as input, CRAQuake simultaneously predicts six IMs without relying on pre‐configured parameters such as earthquake source, path, and location. The model was trained on 4,281 sets of strong motion records data sets at 822 stations and tested to show highly correlated results with the target IMs. The prediction performance continues to improve as the input initial arrival seismic wave time window increases. CRAQuake promises to enhance the accuracy and timeliness of IMs prediction in the north‐south seismic belt of China.
Dawn‐Dusk Asymmetry of Plasma Flow in Jupiter's Middle Magnetosphere Observed by Juno
Authors: Wang Jian‐Zhao , Bagenal Fran , Wilson Robert J. , Nerney Edward , Ebert Robert W. , Valek Philip W. , Allegrini Frederic , Szalay Jamey R. , Delamere Peter A.
Published: October 2024

Based on plasma observations from Juno's Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment instrument and forward modeling, we investigate the dawn‐dusk asymmetries within Jupiter's magnetosphere between 10 and 40 . On the dawnside, the flux tubes are depleted characterized by low density and near rigid‐corotation velocity, with a low temperature and thin plasma sheet. On the duskside, the flux tubes are assimilated characterized by high density and sub‐corotation velocity, with a hotter and thicker plasma sheet. Super‐corotating hot inflows originating from reconnection events are identified in the pre‐dawn sector. These observations are consistent with the Vasyliūnas cycle, suggesting it operates in a region closer to Jupiter than previous studies suggested. Outflows are locally coupled with swept‐back magnetic fields and are frequently observed near midnight. Inflows are locally coupled with swept‐forward fields with higher temperatures. The discernible temperature difference between inflows and outflows reveals their distinct origins. Plasma beta increases with radial distance, suggesting increased instabilities at larger distances.
Simultaneous Occurrence of Electromagnetic and Quasi‐Electrostatic Magnetosonic Waves
Authors: Zhou Yaxiong , Gao Yang , Gao Zhonglei , Liu Si , Yang Hongming , Shi Chen , Yang Qiwu , Tang Jiawen , Wang Bowen , Xiao Fuliang
Published: October 2024

Magnetosonic (MS) waves usually manifest as electromagnetic fluctuations, while quasi‐electrostatic magnetosonic (QEMS) waves have been recently reported. Here we present an intriguing coexistence of low harmonic electromagnetic magnetosonic (EMMS) waves and QEMS waves within the same band. Ion Bernstein instabilities are calculated based on the observed proton distribution. Effective growth rates can occur in the first‐fourth harmonic bands with a broad wave number range when the wave normal angle is sufficiently large. In each harmonic band, the MS waves would transform from electromagnetic to electrostatic as the wave number increases. This study reveals that the simultaneous occurrence of EMMS and QEMS arises from the expansive excitation range of MS waves in ‐space, thereby implying the potential resonant interactions between MS and particles in a broad energy spectrum.
Factors Controlling Mud Floc Settling Velocity in a Highly Turbid Macrotidal Fluvial‐Estuarine System
Authors: Defontaine Sophie , Jalón‐Rojas Isabel , Sottolichio Aldo , Gratiot Nicolas , Legout Cédric , Lienart Camilla
Published: October 2024

This study assesses the settling dynamics of suspended sediments along the hyper‐turbid Gironde Garonne fluvial‐estuarine system, with an innovative optical SCAF instrument (System of Characterization of Aggregates and Flocs). Two fields campaigns were carried out to determine the settling velocity and properties of suspended sediments during a semi‐diurnal tidal cycle, as well as hydrodynamic conditions and water properties. The two sampling stations were representative of two regions: a tidal river dominated by fresh water and an estuary affected by salty or brackish waters. A high spatial variability of the settling velocity was observed along the fluvial‐estuarine system and vertically along the water column. Settling velocities ranged from 0.02 to 0.4 mm/s. This study confirms that in hyper‐turbid systems, the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is predominantly driving the settling dynamics of suspended sediment. Threshold concentrations have been defined for the flocculation and hindered regimes where the settling velocity may vary by one order of magnitude. Although in natural environments it is difficult to distinguish between the effects of SSC and turbulence (as they are correlated), in the Gironde‐Garonne system the turbulent shear G seems to affect the settling of suspended sediment to a lower extent. Settling velocity variations cannot be directly correlated to salinity or organic matter content. Despite differences in hydrodynamic and environmental conditions in fluvial and estuarine regions, a common prediction law has been found to estimate settling velocity of suspended sediment as a function of suspended sediment concentration.
Paleobotanical Evidence for Mediterranean Climates in the Western Canadian Paleoarctic During the Late Middle Eocene
Authors: West Christopher K. , Reichgelt Tammo , Reyes Alberto V. , Buryak Serhiy D. , Staniszewska Kasia J. , Basinger James F.
Published: October 2024

Paleogene age deposits east of the Fifteenmile River, northwest of Dawson City, Yukon, Canada preserve a diverse high‐latitude fossil flora. Here, we provide new data on the age of the fossil site based on laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) U‐Pb dating of tephra zircons, paleobotanical paleoclimate reconstructions, and growing season length estimates based on photoperiod. These new data indicate an age of the Fifteenmile River fossil locality as late middle Eocene and likely within the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum episode. The paleoflora‐based paleoclimate reconstruction indicates the region was relatively wet and warm with non‐freezing winters, but also experienced seasonal dryness, with an approximate 7 months long growing season as suggested by photoperiod. We interpret this paleoclimate as summer dry and winter wet—a climate analogous to modern day warm Mediterranean climates in the Köppen‐Geiger climate classification system. These findings provide a new perspective on the past climate and environment of high‐latitude ecosystems during warm greenhouse intervals and contribute to our understanding of the Earth's climate history and its potential future changes.
A Novel Theoretical Method for Upscaling Permeability in Hydrate‐Bearing Sediments
Authors: Gao Xiwei , Lei Gang , Zhao Yingjie , Liao Qinzhuo , Ning Fulong
Published: October 2024

The accurate prediction of Darcy‐scale permeability (absolute permeability and gas‐water relative permeability) of hydrate‐bearing sediments (HBS) plays a crucial role in assessing reservoir potential and optimizing recovery strategies. However, the challenges of field coring, the rigorous conditions encountered in laboratory permeability tests, and the multi‐scale pore structure characteristics of HBS complicate the understanding of the relationship between pore structures and Darcy‐scale permeability of HBS. In this study, we propose an innovative upscaling method that integrates flow properties of typical regions, such as coarse, medium, and fine regions, to predict the Darcy‐scale permeability of HBS from the pore‐scale. This method considers two hydrate habits (pore‐filling and grain‐coating hydrates), heterogeneity and anisotropy of HBS, and multi‐scale pore structures. Taking the absolute permeability of hydrate‐free sediments in the y direction for example, the permeability values for the fine region, the medium region, the coarse region, and the equivalent HBS are 9.43 D, 13.59 D, 18.87 D, and 14.06 D, respectively. Thus, the predicted permeability (14.06 D) is much closer to the experimental data (15.44 D), which validates the efficacy of our upscaling method in estimating Darcy‐scale permeability. Moreover, the characteristics of our predicted Darcy‐scale permeability align with those reported in previous literature. This approach introduces a groundbreaking perspective for predicting permeability in HBS from pore‐scale to Darcy‐scale. It offers essential insights into predicting permeability in HBS while effectively preserving the impact of pore‐scale structural variations caused by local heterogeneity and facilitating numerical simulations of gas production from hydrate reservoirs.
Multi-omics profiling of DNA methylation and gene expression alterations in human cocaine use disorder
Authors: Zillich Eric , Belschner Hanna , Avetyan Diana , Andrade-Brito Diego , Martínez-Magaña José Jaime , Frank Josef , Mechawar Naguib , Turecki Gustavo , Cabana-Domínguez Judit , Fernàndez-Castillo Noèlia , Cormand Bru , Montalvo-Ortiz Janitza L. , Nöthen Markus M. , Hansson Anita C. , Rietschel Marcella , Spanagel Rainer , Witt Stephanie H. , Zillich Lea
Published: October 2024

Structural and functional changes of the brain are assumed to contribute to excessive cocaine intake, craving, and relapse in cocaine use disorder (CUD). Epigenetic and transcriptional changes were hypothesized as a molecular basis for CUD-associated brain alterations. Here we performed a multi-omics study of CUD by integrating epigenome-wide methylomic (N = 42) and transcriptomic (N = 25) data from the same individuals using postmortem brain tissue of Brodmann Area 9 (BA9). Of the N = 1 057 differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05), one gene, ZFAND2A, was significantly upregulated in CUD at transcriptome-wide significance (q < 0.05). Differential alternative splicing (AS) analysis revealed N = 98 alternatively spliced transcripts enriched in axon and dendrite extension pathways. Strong convergent overlap in CUD-associated expression deregulation was found between our BA9 cohort and independent replication datasets. Epigenomic, transcriptomic, and AS changes in BA9 converged at two genes, ZBTB4 and INPP5E. In pathway analyses, synaptic signaling, neuron morphogenesis, and fatty acid metabolism emerged as the most prominently deregulated biological processes. Drug repositioning analysis revealed glucocorticoid receptor targeting drugs as most potent in reversing the CUD expression profile. Our study highlights the value of multi-omics approaches for an in-depth molecular characterization and provides insights into the relationship between CUD-associated epigenomic and transcriptomic signatures in the human prefrontal cortex.
Hypoxia-induced DTL promotes the proliferation, metastasis, and sorafenib resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma through ubiquitin-mediated degradation of SLTM and subsequent Notch pathway activation
Authors: Chen Zi-Xiong , Mu Mao-Yuan , Yang Guang , Qi Han , Fu Xiao-Bo , Wang Gui-Song , Jiang Wei-Wei , Huang Bi-Jun , Gao Fei
Published: October 2024

Denticleless E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog (DTL), the substrate receptor of the CRL4A complex, plays a central role in genome stability. Even though the oncogenic function of DTL has been investigated in several cancers, its specific role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still needs further elucidation. Data from a clinical cohort (n = 209), RNA-sequencing, and public database (TCGA and GEO) were analyzed, indicating that DTL is closely related to patient prognosis and could serve as a promising prognostic indicator in HCC. Functionally, DTL promoted the proliferation, metastasis, and sorafenib resistance of HCC in vitro. In the orthotopic tumor transplantation and tail vein injection model, DTL promoted the growth and metastasis of HCC in vivo. Mechanically, we revealed for the first time that DTL was transcriptionally activated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) under hypoxia and functioned as a downstream effector molecule of HIF-1α. DTL promotes the ubiquitination of SAFB-like transcription modulator (SLTM) and subsequently relieves the transcriptional repression of Notch1. These results suggested that DTL may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
CRISPR-edited human ES-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells improve remyelination in rodents
Authors: Wagstaff Laura J. , Bestard-Cuche Nadine , Kaczmarek Maja , Fidanza Antonella , McNeil Lorraine , Franklin Robin J. M. , Williams Anna C.
Published: October 2024

In Multiple Sclerosis (MS), inflammatory demyelinated lesions in the brain and spinal cord lead to neurodegeneration and progressive disability. Remyelination can restore fast saltatory conduction and neuroprotection but is inefficient in MS especially with increasing age, and is not yet treatable with therapies. Intrinsic and extrinsic inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) function contributes to remyelination failure, and we hypothesised that the transplantation of ‘improved’ OPCs, genetically edited to overcome these obstacles, could improve remyelination. Here, we edit human(h) embryonic stem cell-derived OPCs to be unresponsive to a chemorepellent released from chronic MS lesions, and transplant them into rodent models of chronic lesions. Edited hOPCs display enhanced migration and remyelination compared to controls, regardless of the host age and length of time post-transplant. We show that genetic manipulation and transplantation of hOPCs overcomes the negative environment inhibiting remyelination, with translational implications for therapeutic strategies for people with progressive MS.
Defining quality by quantifying degradation in the mechanical recycling of polyethylene
Authors: Patel Arpan D. , Schyns Zoé O. G. , Franklin Thomas W. , Shaver Michael P.
Published: October 2024

Polyolefins have a multitude of uses across packaging, automotive and construction sectors. Their resistance to degradation during reprocessing enables recyclability, but variability in recycled polymer feedstocks renders it difficult to assure their manufacturing suitability. The lack of quality control methods has disabled circular economy pathways; product failure is costly, wasteful and time-intensive. Using rheology-simulated and extrusion-based recycling experiments, we explore the degradation pathways of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Chain scission dominates during the initial degradation of HDPE, and increasing exposure to O2 shifts the dominant mechanism to long-chain branching. Importantly, extending this method to post-consumer recyclate (PCR), the results show potential as a methodology to assess recyclate quality to enable a circular plastics economy. In this study, we establish the validity of this rheology simulation to define a characteristic degradation parameter, relating it to the structural evolution under different environments defined for virgin HDPE and post-consumer recyclate (PCR).
DERCo: A Dataset for Human Behaviour in Reading Comprehension Using EEG
Authors: Quach Boi Mai , Gurrin Cathal , Healy Graham
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces the DERCo (Dublin EEG-based Reading Experiment Corpus), a language resource combining electroencephalography (EEG) and next-word prediction data obtained from participants reading narrative texts. The dataset comprises behavioral data collected from 500 participants recruited through the Amazon Mechanical Turk online crowd-sourcing platform, along with EEG recordings from 22 healthy adult native English speakers. The online experiment was designed to examine the context-based word prediction by a large sample of participants, while the EEG-based experiment was developed to extend the validation of behavioral next-word predictability. Online participants were instructed to predict upcoming words and complete entire stories. Cloze probabilities were then calculated for each word so that this predictability measure could be used to support various analyses pertaining to semantic context effects in the EEG recordings. EEG-based analyses revealed significant differences between high and low predictable words, demonstrating one important type of potential analysis that necessitates close integration of these two datasets. This material is a valuable resource for researchers in neurolinguistics due to the word-level EEG recordings in context.
The effect of attentional bias modification on positive affect dynamics
Authors: Kraft Brage , Bø Ragnhild , Harmer Catherine J. , Landrø Nils Inge
Published: October 2024

Negative attentional bias and alterations in positive affect dynamics constitute emotional vulnerability to depression. Attentional bias modification (ABM) aims to reduce emotional vulnerability to depression by fostering attentional deployment towards positive stimuli. In this randomized controlled trial, we examined whether ABM leads to changes in positive affect dynamics in a sample with an emotional vulnerability to depression (N = 65). Affect dynamics were measured based on experience sampling data gathered 14 days before and after ABM. During ABM, participants paid attention to pairs of emotional faces and responded to dots that were appearing in their place. There was an 87% chance for the dots to appear in place of the relatively more positive face, with the purpose to implicitly foster attentional focus on positive stimuli. In the control condition, there was a 50% chance of the dots to appear in place of the positive stimuli. Results showed that the lag-1 autocorrelation of affect (“inertia”) increased within the ABM group and decreased in the control group, but the findings were not robust and it was unclear whether ABM was the cause. There were no changes in the other affect dynamics indices. Improvements in depression during ABM were not associated with changes in affect dynamics, and affect dynamics post ABM did not predict depression symptoms six months later. In conclusion, the study showed no clear effect of ABM on affect dynamics.
Dynamic evolution processes in electrocatalysis: structure evolution, characterization and regulation
Authors: Xie Chao , Chen Wei , Wang Yanyong , Yang Yahui , Wang Shuangyin
Published: October 2024

Dynamic evolution processes in electrocatalysis, including structure evolution of electrocatalysts, characterization methods and regulation strategies for dynamic evolution in electrocatalysis.
A core–shell model of polymetallic hybrid metal halides
Authors: Tian Dongjie , Lin Jie , Mesbah Adel , Zhou Jiajing , Yang Mianji , Gautier Romain , Chen Xi
Published: October 2024

A core–shell model of polymetallic low-dimensional hybrid metal halides is proposed. This model can explain the photoemission properties of [(C6H18N3)2·Pb2Br10] (C6H18N3 = 2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-aminium) coated with a manganese bromide layer.
New electrophiles targeting thiols in a reversible covalent manner
Authors: Ma Xingyu , Xu Manyi , Wang Fengge , Hu Tingting , Chen Xinyuan , Zhang Chong-Jing
Published: October 2024

Two electron-deficient olefins activated by amide and ester, amide-substituted acrylamide and methyl ester-substituted acrylamide, targeting thiols in a reversible covalent manner were reported.
Operando spectroscopy investigations of the redox reactions in heme and heme-proteins
Authors: Mandal Subhankar , Biswakarma Dipen , Bhattacharyya Aninda J.
Published: October 2024

Operando spectroscopic investigations during molecular redox processes provide unique insights into complex molecular structures and their transformations.
Study on the effect and mechanism of Ag and Bi2MoO6 modification on the CO2 photo-thermal reduction performance of g-C3N4 catalysts with localized surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Guan Bin , Chen Junyan , Zhuang Zhongqi , Gao Zhan , Ma Zeren , Hu Xuehan , Zhu Chenyu , Zhao Sikai , Shu Kaiyou , Dang Hongtao , Zhu Tiankui , Huang Zhen
Published: October 2024

As a promising future energy material, g-C3N4 as a CO2 photo-thermal-reduction catalyst can effectively convert CO2 to renewable fuel, but the low yield and low product selectivity significantly limit its further development and application.
Metal–organic framework-derived Se-blended ZrO2 with a nitrogen-doped carbon heterostructure for electrocatalytic overall water splitting
Authors: Nair Krishnendu M. , Shankar Pavithra , Thangavelu Selvaraju
Published: October 2024

Electrocatalytic overall water splitting is achieved with ease at 1.58 V together with exciting stability over 48 h.
Synthesis of two-dimensional bismuth molybdenum oxide (2D-BMO) nanosheets and their application as fluorescent probes for the detection of explosive nitroaromatic compounds
Authors: Rehman Shams Ur , Babulal Sivakumar Musuvadhi , Mustafa Muhammad , Wu Hui-Fen
Published: October 2024

2D-BMO fluorescent nanosheets were synthesized using a solvothermal method followed by probe sonication.
Cardamonin protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating macrophage NRF2 signaling through molecular interaction with KEAP1
Authors: Nan Wenshan , Yin Jialin , Hao Wenhao , Meng Huali , Wu Junduo , Yin Xiao , Wu Hao
Published: October 2024

Cardamonin inhibited macrophage M1 polarization in diabetic cardiomyopathy by binding to KEAP1, leading to the dissociation of NRF2 from KEAP1. This promoted NRF2 nuclear translocation and antioxidant gene expression in M1 polarized macrophages.
Polyvinyl alcohol solvent-free adhesives for biomass bonding via rapid water activation and heat treatment
Authors: Liu Liangxian , Wei Ming , Li Haiyu , Chen Yutong , Jiang Yuyan , Ju Tian , Lu Zetan , Mu Guoqing , Cai Lijian , Min Dexiu , Xie Yanjun , Li Jian , Xiao Shaoliang
Published: October 2024

Polyvinyl alcohol solvent-free adhesives (PSFAs) possess high bonding strength, simple preparation, high cost-effectiveness, a long storage time, and convenient transportation.
A Pb-free Sn–Bi alloy mount preparation method for secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses
Authors: Zhang Wan-Feng , Yang Qing , Xia Xiao-Ping , Zheng De-Wen , Cui Ze-Xian , Zhang Yan-Qiang , Xu Yi-Gang
Published: October 2024

Sample preparation is a critical step for in situ analysis. In this study, we proposed an easy-to-prepare Pb-free alloy for sample mount preparation, which is suitable for SIMS water content and isotope analyses.
Investigation of dual JAK2 and HDAC6 inhibitors using machine learning methods
Authors: Zhang Yuquan , Li Yan
Published: October 2024

Based on the dataset, classification models were constructed using various features and algorithms to identified dual JAK2 and HDAC6 inhibitors. To evaluate their activity, regression models were developed to predicted their pIC50.
Two-dimensional titanium carbide-supported ultrafine non-noble bimetallic nanocatalysts for remarkable hydrolytic evolution from ammonia borane
Authors: Yao Shunyu , Xu Linlin , Qin Haotian , Ding Xiang , Zhao Sheng , Ma Yue , Cui Meng , Lv Quanjiang , Han Jian , Song Fuzhan
Published: October 2024

Cu0.9Ni0.1/Ti3C2Tx catalysts exhibit an impressive turnover frequency (TOF) of 2429 h−1 at 323 K for AB hydrolysis due to the synergistic effect between Cu and Ni, as well as strong electronic metal–support interactions between Ti3C2Tx and CuNi NPs.
Multiple-unit interlocking enhances the single-stranded tiles assembly of DNA nanostructures
Authors: Guan Xiangxiang , Zhu Chenyou , Dong Yuanchen , Liu Dongsheng , Mao Chengde
Published: October 2024

Multiple-unit interlocking assembly strategy has provided a method for accelerating the constructing of stable DNA nanostructures with the potential for numerous applications.
Active site engineering of intermetallic nanoparticles by the vapour–solid synthesis: carbon black supported nickel tellurides for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Garstenauer Daniel , Guggenberger Patrick , Zobač Ondřej , Jirsa Franz , Richter Klaus W.
Published: October 2024

The intermetallic phases Ni3Te2, NiTe, NiTe2−x & NiTe2 were synthesized as carbon-black supported nanoparticles using the vapour–solid synthesis approach and were characterized for their performance in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Base-promoted cascade vinylogous Michael/Michael addition of alkylidene succinimides for the construction of penta-substituted cyclopentanes
Authors: Liang Peiyao , Chen Siyi , Liu Xin , Teng Shenghan , Wang Shoulei
Published: October 2024

A base-catalyzed cascade vinylogous Michael/Michael addition of alkylidene succinimides and oxindole-derived pyrazolones has been developed for the construction of penta-substituted cyclopentanes.
Linker engineering in mixed-ligand metal–organic frameworks for simultaneously enhanced benzene adsorption and benzene/cyclohexane separation
Authors: Zhang Yong-Zheng , Zhang Xin-Dan , Zhang Yan-Kai , Wang Fu-Tian , Geng Longlong , Hu Hui , Li Zhen , Zhang Da-Shuai , Huang Hongliang , Zhang Xiuling
Published: October 2024

A novel mixed-ligand metal–organic framework, featuring naphthalene rings in its secondary linker, exhibits exceptional benzene adsorption and separation capacities.
High-performance electrocatalytic nitrate reduction into ammonia using a chitosan regulated Co nanocatalyst
Authors: Xin Yaqian , Zhang Shengbo , Liu Jiafang , Jiang Yong , Zhang Yunxia , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Haimin
Published: October 2024

We developed a facile strategy to construct homogeneously dispersed Co nanoparticles embedded on a chitosan derived carbon support for efficient electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis.
Recent advances in the catalytic asymmetric construction of axially chiral azole-based frameworks
Authors: Luo Weiwei , Zhang Yu , Ming Meijun , Zhang Lin
Published: October 2024

This review highlights recent advances in the atroposelective preparation of axially chiral azole derivatives, emphasizing mechanistic insights and synthetic applications in the development of this class of five-membered heterocyclic frameworks.
Correction: Self-division of 2-D sheets in aromatic macrocycle assembly
Authors: Wang Yanqiu , Feng Xiaopeng , Lee Myongsoo
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Self-division of 2-D sheets in aromatic macrocycle assembly’ by Yanqiu Wang et al., Org. Chem. Front., 2021, 8, 3681–3685, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1QO00440A.
Multifunctional characteristics of a one-dimensional bimetallic oxyhydroxide nanorod-coupled polyaniline interface for accelerated water and urea electrolysis
Authors: Lingappan Niranjanmurthi , Lakshmanan Sandhiya , Lee Wonoh
Published: October 2024

Designing an efficient and durable electrocatalyst is central to hydrogen production technologies such as hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and urea oxidation reaction.
Enhancement of high-alumina glass and glass-ceramics through dual modification of Zn2+ and its mechanism
Authors: Ren Beibei , Liu Yaxin , Yu Jiani , Wang Ting , Jiang Hong , Dong Chuang , Xiong Chunrong , Wang Na , Huang Xin , Hao Hongxun
Published: October 2024

Dual modification with Zn2+ alters the crystalline behavior of high-alumina glass and enhances the resistance to crack propagation of high-alumina glass and glass-ceramics.
Engineering disease analyte response in peptide self-assembly
Authors: Yu Sihan , Webber Matthew J.
Published: October 2024

The need to enhance the precision and specificity of therapeutic nanocarriers has led to the development of nanoscale peptide assemblies capable of sensing and responding to disease-related analytes.
Stimuli-responsive chiral aggregation-induced emission luminogens and their circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Liang Junhao , Fu Shiwei , Wu Qi , Wang Pengbo , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Lei , Liu Yi
Published: October 2024

A series of chiral AIEgens with the cyanostilbene moiety was feasibly prepared, which displayed adaptive circularly polarized luminescence to light irradiation and polymer matrix modulation.
A criterion for selecting the appropriate one from the trained models for model‐based offline policy evaluation
Authors: Li Chongchong , Wang Yue , Ma Zhi‐Ming , Liu Yuting
Published: October 2024

Offline policy evaluation, evaluating and selecting complex policies for decision‐making by only using offline datasets is important in reinforcement learning. At present, the model‐based offline policy evaluation (MBOPE) is widely welcomed because of its easy to implement and good performance. MBOPE directly approximates the unknown value of a given policy using the Monte Carlo method given the estimated transition and reward functions of the environment. Usually, multiple models are trained, and then one of them is selected to be used. However, a challenge remains in selecting an appropriate model from those trained for further use. The authors first analyse the upper bound of the difference between the approximated value and the unknown true value. Theoretical results show that this difference is related to the trajectories generated by the given policy on the learnt model and the prediction error of the transition and reward functions at these generated data points. Based on the theoretical results, a new criterion is proposed to tell which trained model is better suited for evaluating the given policy. At last, the effectiveness of the proposed criterion is demonstrated on both benchmark and synthetic offline datasets.
Ultra‐high‐dimensional multi‐level optimisation strategies for electrical machines
Authors: Liu Chengcheng , Zhang Shiwei , Zhang Hongming , Wang Youhua , Liu Lin
Published: October 2024

Electrical machine optimisation is normally a high‐dimensional non‐linear multi‐objective optimisation problem. A multi‐level optimisation (MO) strategy is currently used to improve efficiency, where sensitivity analysis is required for dividing design parameters into different groups. However, the conventional MO strategy cannot handle ultra‐high‐dimensional optimisation problems. In this paper, a sensitivity analysis method with variable weighted intervals is proposed to calculate the sensitivity coefficient in the parameter design range. Moreover, three improved multi‐level optimisation strategies based on different optimisation algorithms, sequential sensitivity strategies, and machine learning models are proposed, analysed, and compared with the conventional MO strategy. Through a case study of a synchronous reluctance machine, it can be seen that the proposed optimisation strategies can improve the optimisation results and efficiency of ultra‐high‐dimensional optimisation of electrical machines.
A review on model predictive control strategies for AC motor drives
Authors: Li Chen , Meng Qinghui , Shi Tingna
Published: October 2024

In the past decade, model predictive control (MPC) has been widely used in AC motor drives. Although a series of improved MPC strategies have been proposed, researchers are still seeking more effective solutions for different application backgrounds and application requirements to achieve the goals such as algorithm simplification, weighting factor design, parameter robustness enhancement, current/torque ripple suppression, and so on. In this paper, aiming at the above problems, the MPC strategy and its optimisation technology for AC motor drive system are comprehensively reviewed. Firstly, this paper introduces the classical MPC technology with the permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system fed by two‐level voltage source inverter as the control object. Secondly, this paper introduces and discusses the existing MPC optimisation methods from the aspects of current/torque ripple suppression, algorithm simplification, weight factor design and parameter robustness enhancement. Finally, based on the current industrial development requirements for AC motor drive systems and the research status of MPC optimisation methods in the existing literature, the current challenges and future trends of MPC technology are discussed.
A secure blockchain framework for healthcare records management systems
Authors: Al‐Khasawneh Mahmoud Ahmad , Faheem Muhammad , Alarood Ala Abdulsalam , Habibullah Safa , Alzahrani Abdulrahman
Published: October 2024

Electronic health records are one of the essential components of health organizations. In recent years, there have been increased concerns about privacy and reputation regarding the storage and use of patient information. In this regard, the information provided as a part of medical and health insurance, for instance, can be viewed as proof of social insurance and governance. Several problems in the past few decades regarding medical information management have threatened patient information privacy. In intelligent healthcare applications, the privacy of patients' data is one of the main concerns. As a result, blockchain is a severe necessity as it can enhance transparency and security in medical applications. Accordingly, this paper uses the design science method to propose a secure blockchain framework for healthcare records management systems. The proposed framework comprises five components: a blockchain network, smart contracts, privacy key management, data encryption, and integration with healthcare information technology. In the proposed framework, healthcare organizations can manage healthcare information securely and privately. Additionally, a secure storage system for electronic records is proposed to meet these organizations' needs. It provides security and privacy for healthcare organizations, especially when managing healthcare information, and also proposes a secure storage system for electronic records to meet the needs of the organizations.
Agrotourism as a direction of production companies business diversification in Rostov oblast, Russia
Authors: Gontar Nikolay , Semiglazova Vladislava
Published: October 2024

Agrotourism is fairly new, but rapidly developing tourism format in Russian Federation in a reorientation population to domestic tourism and careful attention by the state to ensuring tourist needs of the population within the country. The article is aimed at identifying the relevant array of formats for rural tourism development in Rostov oblast’s countryside, the system of natural and geographical and production factors of sector dynamics, and array of forms which production companies may be included in the composition of tourism-oriented business, using a rural tourism as a diversification tool. The research methods were SWOT analysis (tourism specialization development of production companies, factors and mechanisms analysis for the implementation of this strategy, statistical analysis of the production dynamics and tourism companies’ indicators involved in rural tourism. On the basis of the data obtained in the course of research a SWOT analysis an entering production companies into the agrotourism business was formed by authors. Authors formulated a system of macro-, meso- and micro-level factors. The study analysed models for the inclusion of regional production companies into tourism activities. The results obtained are the basis for the formation of regulatory measures and assistance to the development of the corresponding segment of tourism in Rostov oblast.
Branching random walks with regularly varying perturbations
Authors: Kowalski Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

We consider a modification of classical branching random walk, where we add i.i.d. perturbations to the positions of the particles in each generation. In this model, which was introduced and studied by Bandyopadhyay and Ghosh (2023), perturbations take the form 1/θ log X/E, where θ is a positive parameter, X has an arbitrary distribution μ supported on ℝ*+ and E is exponential with parameter 1, independent of X. Working under finite mean assumption for μ, they proved almost sure convergence of the rightmost position to a constant limit, and identified the weak centered asymptotics when θ does not exceed a certain critical parameter θ0. This paper complements their work by providing weak centered asymptotics for the case when θ > θ0 (this case was previously considered only in the case μ = δ0) and extending the results to μ with regularly varying tails. We prove almost sure convergence of the rightmost position and identify the appropriate centering for the weak convergence, which is of the form αn + c log n, with constants α, c depending on the ratio of θ and θ0. We describe the limiting distribution and provide explicitly the constants appearing in the centering.
Reveal mechanical and optical properties changes during prolonged skin stretching via in vivo continuous investigation
Authors: Li Keng-Yang , Line Cheng-Chieh , Chen Chih-Chiang , Chen Szu-Yu
Published: October 2024

Skin expansion is a well-established technique in plastic surgery, and recent studies have highlighted its potential in promoting hair regeneration. This study aimed to explore how the mechanical and optical properties of skin change during a prolonged stretching process. A hybrid method was developed to assess, in vivo, the effects of an 8-day skin stretching protocol—previously used in hair regeneration research—on the dorsal skin of mice. This method combined mechanical and optical measurement systems. Tensile stress–strain curves were generated using a spring-based setup, while optical properties such as scattering and birefringence were analyzed with a polarimetry imaging system that incorporated the Mueller matrix (MM) and Mueller matrix polar decomposition (MMPD) methods. The results showed that Young's modulus increased from approximately 5 kPa on day 1 to 60–100 kPa by days 6–8, indicating collagen fiber straightening and increased stiffness. Optical analysis revealed greater anisotropy in both scattering and birefringence, as reflected by changes in MM elements and MMPD results. These changes suggest skin adaptation and regeneration, particularly within the first 24 h of stretching. Interestingly, alterations in optical properties closely mirrored changes in mechanical properties, pointing to a coordinated process of structural remodeling and functional adaptation in the skin. These findings offer valuable insights into skin remodeling and adaptation, which could guide future tissue engineering strategies.
Colloidal particles as noise source for random number generation
Authors: Scholz Alexander , Arya Pooja , Aghassi-Hagmann Jasmin
Published: October 2024

In this work, we investigate colloidal particle patterns as a possible noise source for random number generation. We systematically analyze the minimum entropy of the noise source over different particle concentrations of {1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15} mg/ml according to the recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-90B. The estimated minimum entropy of the non-independent and identically distributed particle pattern noise source is Hmin = 0.5896/1 bit at a particle amount of 5 mg/ml. For further entropy extraction on the noise source data, the secure hash algorithm is used to construct an entropy source. The randomness of the derived entropy source is verified according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-22 Rev. 1a and the accompanying statistical test suite. The entropy source passes all randomness tests of the statistical test suite and shows an estimated minimum entropy of Hmin = 0.9992/1 bit.
Experimental timing and control using microcontrollers
Authors: Starkey Philip T. , Turnbaugh Carter , Miller Patrick , LeBlanc Kermit-James , Meyer David H.
Published: October 2024

Modern physics experiments rely on precise timing provided by programmable digital pulse generators. In many experimental control systems, this role is filled by custom devices built on field-programmable gate arrays. While highly flexible and performant, these devices can be difficult to scale to very large systems due to cost and complexity. Recent advances in microcontroller systems allow these much simpler devices to fill the role of digital pulse generators. Here, we demonstrate one such alternative based on the Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller, which allows for timing resolution down to 7.5 ns with a minimum pulse width of 37.5 ns.
Measurements of fluctuation-induced in-plane magneto-conductivity of granular aluminum film
Authors: Pervin Rukshana , Thuwal Umesh Chandra , Ghosh Haranath
Published: October 2024

The phenomenon of Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) phase fluctuations and the superconducting fluctuations is investigated in a 40 nm thick granular aluminum film using magneto-transport measurements. The transport measurements suggest the possibility of strong electron–phonon (el–ph) interactions in contrast to a Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer superconductor. It shows a BKT transition of 2.304 K and a superconducting mean-field transition at 2.32 K. The presence of the resistive tail even before the BKT transition reflects the abundance of thermally activated free vortices. By analyzing the excess conductivity, Gaussian–Ginzburg–Landau superconducting fluctuations are observed above the superconducting transition, which causes rounding of the transition region even before the superconducting transition. The temperature dependence of the fluctuation conductivity in zero magnetic field exhibits distinct signatures of the two-dimensional direct Aslamazov–Larkin theory, with a significant contribution from the Maki–Thompson (MT) model. Furthermore, the anomalous behavior of the fluctuation conductivity at higher temperatures and perpendicular magnetic fields (up to 700 mT) is explained in terms of the total-energy cutoff (=0.72) in the low-wavelength region of the superconducting fluctuations and a pair-breaking parameter (∼0.031). Further studies on the pair-breaking parameter indicate the presence of the el–ph scattering, which diminishes the MT contribution. Our study carries important bearings on how the BKT phase fluctuations and superconducting amplitude fluctuations control the conductivity of granular superconductor near and above the transition region as non-equilibrium properties of weakly disordered granular superconductors. This research is of significance, offering insights into the fundamental properties of granular superconductivity and aiding in the comprehension of nano-structured thin film devices.
Manifestation of surfactant–carrier interaction in ferrofluids in temperature-dependent magnetic rheology
Authors: Upadhyay R. V. , Parekh Kinnari H. , Jadav Mudra , Lin Yu-Shen , Raj K.
Published: October 2024

The present study investigates surfactant–carrier interactions in non-aqueous ferrofluids with magneto-rheology at different temperatures. To the authors’ knowledge, such a study has not yet been reported. For this purpose, three ferrofluids—A, B, and C—were procured from Ferrotec, which had identical particles but different surfactant–carrier combinations. The study also encompasses structural and magnetic techniques to elucidate these samples’ physicochemical nature. The results show that the average magnetic size of particles (10 nm) is the same for all the three fluids. The nominal value of the surfactant chain length (4.5 nm) was derived from dynamic light scattering measurements, and the Rosensweig viscosity model and the Shliomis theory were the same. The magneto-rheological properties, e.g., shear stress vs shear rate in zero field and relative increase in ferrofluid viscosity in the applied field at two different temperatures (300 and 313 K), were fitted with Rosensweig and Shliomis models. They showed some variations in surfactant chain lengths. The results suggested the presence of surfactant–carrier interactions in these colloids. This new investigation may be useful in characterizing the stability of a ferrofluid and its practical aspects.
Experimental study on spheroidal morphology of palladium coated copper wire with different palladium layer thickness
Authors: An Bin , Zhou Hongliang , Cao Jun , Ming Pingmei , Xia Jie , Yao Jingguang , Persic John , Zhang Yuemin
Published: October 2024

Palladium (Pd) coated copper (PCC) wire is an emerging bonding wire that has been widely researched. In this paper, the effects of electronic flame-off (EFO) current and EFO time on the free air ball (FAB) morphology of four PCC wires with Pd layer thicknesses of 60, 80, 100, and 120 nm, respectively, are first investigated. The larger the EFO current or the longer the EFO time, the larger the FAB diameter. The EFO time or EFO current setting is either too high or too low to form a FAB with good morphology. Taking the ratio of FAB diameter to wire diameter as 2 as the standard, the EFO current of 48 mA and the EFO time of 700 μs are selected as the optimal EFO parameter combination. Under this parameter combination, the symmetry, roundness, and surface smoothness of the FAB of the four PCC wires are all at a better level. It is found that the FAB surface Pd coverage of PCC wire with 120 nm Pd layer thickness is higher through the corrosion test. The Pd transfer law on the FAB at different EFO times under optimal EFO current is also studied. The results show that with the prolongation of the EFO time, the Pd on the FAB surface is gradually transferred from the neck to the middle and lower parts. This study can provide technical reference for the selection of Pd layer thickness and EFO parameters of PCC wire.
Structural origin of relaxation in dense colloidal suspensions
Authors: Sahu Ratimanasee , Sharma Mohit , Schall Peter , Maitra Bhattacharyya Sarika , Chikkadi Vijayakumar
Published: October 2024

Amorphous solids relax via slow molecular rearrangement induced by thermal fluctuations or applied stress. Microscopic structural signatures predicting these structural relaxations have been long searched for but have so far only been found in dynamic quantities such as vibrational quasi-localized soft modes or with structurally trained neural networks. A physically meaningful structural quantity remains elusive. Here, we introduce a structural order parameter derived from the mean-field caging potential experienced by the particles due to their neighbors, which reliably predicts the occurrence of structural relaxations. The structural parameter, derived from density functional theory, provides a measure of susceptibility to particle rearrangements that can effectively identify weak or defect-like regions in disordered systems. Using experiments on dense colloidal suspensions, we demonstrate a strong correlation between this order parameter and the structural relaxations of the amorphous solid. In quiescent suspensions, this correlation increases with density, when particle rearrangements become rarer and more localized. In sheared suspensions, the order parameter reliably pinpoints shear transformations; the applied shear weakens the caging potential due to shear-induced structural distortions, causing the proliferation of plastic deformation at structurally weak regions. Our work paves the way to a structural understanding of the relaxation of a wide range of amorphous solids, from suspensions to metallic glasses.