bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXTRUSION OF 3D PRINTING FILAMENT FROM WASTE PLASTIC
Authors:   NRI Institute of Technology, NRI Institute of  Technology, Pothavarapadu, Eluru (district), AP, India- 521212, Raja K. Babu
Published: March 2023

In recent times, the issue of plastic recycling has become one of the leading issues of environmental protection and waste management. Polymer materials have been found an application in many areas of daily life and industry. Along with their extended use, the problem of plastic waste appeared because, after withdrawal from use, they became persistent and noxious wastes. The possibility of reusing polymeric materials gives the possibility of valorization a second life and enables effective waste utilization to obtain consumable products. The 3D printing market is a well-growing sector. Printable filaments can be made from a variety of thermoplastic materials, including those from recycling. The production of filaments for 3D printers from recycled polymers is the alternative present approach. The possibility of recycling basic thermoplastic materials. Key Words: 3D Printing, Filament, Recycling, Polymer, Plastic, Waste Management, Extruder.
The Saka of the Aral Sea Region and the Formation of the Nomadic Society of the Southern Urals in the 6th—5th Centuries BC
Authors:   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Myshkin Vladimir
Published: March 2023

The Saka of the Aral Sea region are considered as one of the components of the communities of the nomads of the Southern Urals. A sample of 192 anthropological analyses was studied to determine the nature of the migration of the cattle-breeding population of the Aral Sea region to the Southern Ural steppes. The analysis showed the absolute quantitative predominance of male burials in the late 6th–5th century BC and an equal number of men and women in the burials of the late 5th — 4th century BC. This ratio suggests that the initial development of the steppes of the Southern Urals was carried out mainly by male cattle-breeding teams. The occupation of the steppes could become the basis for the growth of the number of cattle grazed and an increase in the nomadic populations. The further successful functioning of the society was possible with the normalization of its social structure, which was achieved, in particular, through the inclusion of women into the cattle-breeding groups. Thus a society with a complex social hierarchy was formed. This process probably occurred during the 5th century BC and was completed by the 4th century BC. One of the probable reasons for the occupation of the steppes of the South Urals by cattle-breeding groups from the Aral Sea region with their transformation into a society with a hierarchical structure was the expansion of the Achaemenid state to the borders of the territory of the cattle-breeding tribes of Central Asia with their involvement in the system of socio-economic relations with this Empire.
Transformation of Decor from Pre-Scythian to Early Scythian Horse Harness: a Change in Worldview Images
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Valchak Sergey
Published: March 2023

The article considers the transformation of ornament on the elements of horse equipment from the final stage of the pre-Scythian period to the beginning of the early Scythian. At the finale, classical Novocherkassk stage of the pre-Scythian period, some dramatic changes in art take place. In the traditional environment of pre-Scythian geometric art of southern Eastern Europe at the beginning of the 7th century BC, an absolutely alien system of zoomorphic images-signs is suddenly introduced. These changes occur against the background of the emergence of new types of bridle sets and some categories of weapons of Central Asian-Siberian origin, which form the “Zhabotin” military-horseman assemblage, fundamentally different from the previously existing “Novocherkassk”. As a result, it launches the process of fundamental changes in the social code of various groups of the pre-Scythian population of southern Eastern Europe. “Novocherkassk-Zhabotin” syncretic assemblage appears, some elements of which can be traced in the archaeological sites of the Kelermes stage of the early Scythian period not earlier than the last quarter of the 7th century BC.
Lux Tenebrarum in the Beliefs of the Ancient Iranian-speaking Peoples
Authors:   А. Yu. Krymskyi Institute of Oriental Studies, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vertiienko Hanna
Published: March 2023

The motive of the gods/deceased sitting on the golden “places/thrones” in the Otherworld in the beliefs of the Iranian-speaking peoples of antiquity is considered. It has been preserved in three Avestan sources: Videvdat 19; Aogemadaeca § 12 and Yasht 15. The Iranian vocabulary uses the following words to designate the “throne”: OP. gāθu- (perhaps, this meaning is acquired from the Akkadian equivalent kussû); Av. gātu- (with second meaning “place”); MP and NP gāh. According to the Middle Persian accounts, association with the light is what characterizes the habitat of the celestials and righteous people created by Ahuramazda. The souls of the righteous who have reached Garodman join the golden environment and sit on the thrones made of gold; they are dressed in gold and shine from within. The lower world of Ahriman and sinners is completely filled with darkness. In the Ossetian tradition, the image of the goddess of the Underworld, sitting on the “golden chair”, as well as a golden-haired young man who meets the deceased, has been preserved. This goddess is a reminiscence of the Sarmatian-Alan and Scythian representations. For the Iranian-speaking nomads, an important element of integration into the Afterlife world was the motive of the posthumous infernal (equestrian) journey. Before reaching the Afterlife, the soul of the deceased had to overcome the path through the space of the Otherworld darkness. Possibly, gold was used as a “source of light” in this path, namely, gold objects of burial assemblage, such as sewn appliqués for clothes and headdresses, and elements of horse equipment.
On the Ritual Practices of the Population of the Gorokhovo Culture
Authors:   Tyumen State University, Matveeva Natalia , Prokonova Maria ,   Tyumen State University
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the ritual practices of the population of the Gorokhovo culture, which were reconstructed based on materials of the burial mounds Vodennikovo-I and Murzino-IV. We assumed that the vessels with red-hot talc hammers were used for ritual purification and fumigation of the space before placing the deceased. Bronze bells were probably considered magical items that could provide a link between the living and the dead. We associate the absence of a bell clapper with the Ugric tradition of tying up clappers and hiding noisy things during the wake, as well as the tradition of deliberately damaging the things. Bronze wheels could be used as flywheels for whirligig in divination or spindle whorls in sacral spinning. This material allows us to talk about two main components that underlie the worldview of the population of the Gorokhovo culture — substrate Ugric component and superstrate Iranian component.
Everyday Things in the Cult Practices of the Middle Don Settled Population of the Scythian Era
Authors:   Voronezh State Pedagogical University, Razuvaev Yury
Published: March 2023

The article systematizes information about utilitarian objects found on settlements in such an archaeological context, which indicates the transformation of their semiotic status. They come from buildings and pits related to cult and ritual activities, collective burials on the territory of the hillforts, which were special funerary and sacrificial complexes, as well as from burial grounds, which were cemeteries of the settled population of the Don forest-steppe. The author considers war and hunting accessories (arrows, spears, harpoons), household and everyday life utensils (tools, ceramic wares), which acquired a semiotic function in these objects. Their semantics is unclear. But it can be assumed that the sharp tips of weapons and tools placed on the remains of people or in ritual pits served as apotropai or mediators, linking the sacred and profane spheres of life. Ceramic vessels, whole or broken, formed an important part of sacrificial offerings. Often they were found in ritual bonfires. The upper part of the jar in one of the children’s graves, apparently, also acted as a kind of mediator between the earthly world and the otherworld.
Woman and Rituals in the Early Nomadic Culture: with Reference to Finds from the Tasaryk Kurgan in Kazakhstan
Authors:   Margulan Institute of Archaeology, Jumabekova Gulnara , Nigmatova Saida , Altynbekova Elina ,   Scientific and Restoration Laboratory “Ostrov Krym”, Altynbekov Kyrym ,   Scientific and Restoration Laboratory “Ostrov Krym”, Bazarbayeva Galiya ,   Margulan Institute of Archaeology,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: March 2023

Basing on comprehensive analysis of finds from the Tasaryk kurgan (5th–4th centuries BC), the authors present their ideas on the status of the buried woman. The archaeobotanical analysis of the plant remains accompanying the buried woman allowed producing a list of identifiable plants and their use in medicine and everyday life. In the attempt to define preliminarily the cultural and chronological features of the site, the authors point to the combination of traditions explicit in the Tasaryk kurgan as a result of mixed rituals and universalization of the implements. The mixed character of the site, located in the contact zone, is manifested through pottery types, earrings, as well as elements of headdress, all of which show common patterns of decoration and arrangements characteristic to early nomads of Jetysu, Tarbagatai, and Sayan-Altai. It is assumed that the woman buried in the Tasaryk kurgan was familiar with mysteries of birth and death, that she was guarding the sacred hearth; being capable of penetrating the adjacent mythical realms, she had a ritual status of a “transcendence marker”, that is reflected in the nature of the burial and the accompanying assemblage. Her headdress, as well as the accompanying set of items and plant remains suggest that she was keeper of the hearth, healer, priestess and sorcerer.
Mysticism and Everyday Life: Osteological Materials from a Classical Time Settlement of Artyushchenko–1 (Taman Peninsula)
Authors:   Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kasparov Alexei , Vinogradov Yuri ,   Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2023

The settlement of Artyushchenko–1 has been studied by the Bosporus expedition of the Institute for the History of Material Culture since 1998. During this time, a huge amount of material has been accumulated that characterizes various aspects of the life of its population. The settlement existed intermittently for almost 900 years: the archaic period (the last third of the 6th — the first third of the 5th centuries BC), the classical (mid-4th century BC), Hellenistic (the second half of the 3rd — the first half of the 2nd centuries BC), Roman (1st—3rd centuries AD), Late Roman (second half of the 4th century AD) and early medieval period (8th—9th centuries). For all periods, the finds include bones of domestic animals. In 2012, an unusual sanctuary of the Roman time was discovered on the western outskirts of the settlement. Its structure included large pits in which sacrificial animals (dogs, pigs, cows) were buried. Such sacrifices appear to have been made to the gods who could ensure the well-being of the inhabitants of the settlement and bestow fertility on their fields.
An Early Scythian Barrow of Mamai-Gora Burial Ground in Lower Dnieper Region
Authors:   Zaporizhzhya National University, Andrukh Svetlana , Toshchev Ghennadii ,   Zaporizhzhya National University
Published: March 2023

The paper is the first publication and analysis of the materials obtained in the study of the Early Scythian barrow 377 of the Mamai-Gora cemetery in the Lower Dnieper region. Two burials were found under the mound. One of them (no. 2) was looted. Only a bronze arrowhead was found. A Greek amphora, a gold earring, bone and bronze arrowheads, bone cheekpieces, an iron axe, akinakes, a whetstone, an iron knife with an antler handle and an iron awl, and other items were found in the other burial (no. 1). The dating of the mound is determined by the turn of the 7th—6th — the first half of the 6th century BC. This mound testifies that the first Scythians at the Mamai-Gora site performed their funerary rituals to the west of the Bronze Age mound center. The next wave of Scythians began to develop this territory only from the beginning of the 5th century BC and forms a huge space in the Scythian cemetery Mamay-Gora.
The First Images in the Scythian “Animal Style”
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Maslov Vladimir
Published: March 2023

The author addresses the origin of the oldest images of the Scythian “animal style” of the transitional Zhabotin period, which were found in three remote regions — the North Caucasus, the Lower Don and the Ukrainian Dnieper forest-steppe. There is a close relationship between them, which can only be explained by the fact these images were simultaneously spread from a common external source. All images appeared during the period of the Cimmerian invasion in Transcaucasia in the first half of the 7th century BC. The already developed corpus of systemic images of “animal style” art was brought from the east of Eurasia. The complexes where they were found reflect the intercultural integration of a new small group of eastern nomads with the local military elite. Particular attention is paid to images with solar symbols and “double” images. At the same time, the early examples of the “animal style” are connected with the art of the “animal style” of the Kelermes period, which began during the reign of Ashurbanipal in Assyria.
On the Semantics of the Decorations of the Ilyichevo Quiver (On the Question of the Ancient Zoomorphic Classifications)
Authors:   Moscow Polytechnic University, Kokorina Julia
Published: March 2023

This paper aims at the reconstruction of the Scythians’ ideas of the classification of animals which embodied the structure of the mythological Universe. The research is based on the analysis of the decoration of the Ilyichevo quiver as a unique artefact featuring the scene of torturing by predators of three biological genera: a bird, an animal, and a reptile. The study of the sources supplying information on the ancient Iranians’ zoological classifications and the analysis of a zoological, anatomical, subject, and material codes for reconstruction allow the author to reveal the background of the Scythian classification of the mythological animal world. The latter comprised: the habitat corresponding to the specific zone of the mythological Universe; the way of movement; and the characteristic of nutrition. This paper offers a reconstruction of the semiotic status of the quiver/gorytos against the background of the analysis of the Scythian art and written sources. The conclusion is that the Scythians got notions of funerary feast as the embodiment of the cosmic body divided into three parts; the paper clarifies the already existing ideas about the semantics of the zoomorphic images in the Scythian art.
La meliponicultura: una alternativa de conservación y aprovechamiento sostenible de abejas nativas en la Amazonía ecuatoriana
Authors: Cevallos Erazo Anahí Gissela , Baquero Tapia María Fernanda , Guamán Rivera Santiago Alexander , Masaquiza Moposita Diego Armando
Published: March 2023

Las abejas son los insectos más importantes sobre la tierra, debido a los procesos de polinización que realizan en los diferentes ecosistemas, además de los productos que producen que ayudan a la seguridad alimentaria de las naciones. En las últimas décadas se presentaron reportes sobre reducción de polinizadores a nivel mundial, causados por procesos de deforestación, uso indiscriminado de agroquímicos, cambio climático, entre otros. Las abejas nativas sin aguijón son especies de abejas propias de los bosques tropicales, que benefician a la naturaleza y a los humanos con la producción de miel y polen. La meliponicultura es una actividad que fue abandonada por muchos años, sin embargo está ganando espacio por el valor que generan sus productos. Actualmente en la Amazonía ecuatoriana se desarrollan prácticas socioculturales locales que promueven la producción y reproducción de la meliponicultura, promoviendo la conservación de la biodiversidad de un entorno particular; así tenemos los procesos de transferencia de tecnología hacia la sociedad por parte de las universidades, que buscan fomentar la producción. Se concluye que la producción de abejas nativas sin aguijón es una alternativa de producción económicamente sustentable para las familias de la Amazonía ecuatoriana; además de ser una forma de conservar las especies ante inminentes procesos que aportan a la reducción de polinizadores. La implementación de abejas nativas es una actividad que puede ser realizada en los predios familiares, con producciones de alto valor nutricional que aportan a la economía y a la alimentación de la población.
Analysis of Population Growth in the City of Baquba Using Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing
Authors: Alanbagi Haqi Ismael , Obaidi Mudhar A. Al-
Published: March 2023

The population size and geographical distribution vary from one place to another as a result to several natural and human factors. This study focuses on analysing the population growth and geographical distribution in the district of Baquba district for the period 2003-2019. Baquba has witnessed a clear development which causes an increase in its population size, making it the largest urban center in Diyala Province. In this regard, this study intends to shed a light on the population density and the associated geographical distribution throughout the district of Baquba. To carry out this research, spatial analysis and demographic analysis are carried out based on model equation of the population expansion. Furthermore, the Lorenz curve is used to explain the intensity of population density in Baquba district during the studied years.
تحسين جودة التوفيق لأنموذج الاستجابة الثنائي مع التطبيق العملي على المصابين بوباء Covid-19
Authors: عبد الرحيم مشتاق , جواد علي
Published: March 2023

تعد دراسة المتغيرات التابعة الثنائية من العمليات المهمة في وقتنا الحاضر لكثرة الظواهر التي توصف بهذه الطريقة ويعد انموذج الاستجابة الثنائي من اهم الوسائل لتمثيل هذا النوع من الظواهر، كما تعد عملية اختيار المتغيرات المستقلة التي تؤثر على  المتغيرات التابعة الثنائية ضرورية جدا. تضمنت الدراسة استعمال اسلوبين، الاول هو الاسلوب التجريبي (محاكاة) والاسلوب الثاني هو التطبيقي على المصابين بوباء كورونا وقد تم استعمال ثلاث طرائق لاختيار افضل انموذج استجابة ثنائي  وهي طريقة التقدم الامامي، و طريقة الحذف العكسي ،و طريقة مقترحة و هي طريقة التحليل العاملي مع اختبار جودة التوفيق للأنموذج النهائي الناتج عن كل طريقة باستعمال اختبارين هما  اختبار الانحراف (D) واختبار هوزمر- ليمشو (H&L) و تمت المقارنة بين النماذج النهائية الناتجة عن الطرائق الثلاث باستعمال ثلاثة معايير و هي معيار نسبة الامكان الاعظم(MLR) و معيار المعلومات لـ اكاكي (ِAIC) و معيار المعلومات البيزي (BIC) و بينت النتائج ان للعوامل الناتجة عن التحليل العاملي قدرة على تقليل نسبة الامكان الاعظم افضل من اي تشكيلة مختارة من المتغيرات المستقلة باستعمال احدى طرائق الاختيار الاخرى، ومن ثم  فان معايير اختيار افضل انموذج التي تعتمد على نسبة الامكان الاعظم وهما (AIC , BIC) تعطي افضلية للعوامل الناتجة عن طريقة التحليل العاملي  على حساب المتغيرات المستقلة  الناتجة عن طريقتي التقدم الامامي والحذف العكسي. كما بينت النتائج ايضا انه كلما كان عدد المتغيرات المستقلة التي لها تأثير معنوي على الانموذج كثيرة كلما اعطت العوامل نتائج افضل حسب المعايير المستخدمة. و أظهرت النتائج الاسلوب التطبيقي ان المتغيرين المستقلين عمر المريض والتدخين  لهما اكثر تأثير على حياة المصابين بوباء كورونا.
Protocole pour l’entraînement des compétences de communication orale des enseignants dans un objectif de prévention vocale : Description du programme VirtuVox
Authors: Remacle Angélique , Ancion Valérie , Morsomme Dominique
Published: March 2023

Le programme VirtuVox est le fruit du projet de recherche VirtuVox, mené dans l'Unité logopédie de la voix à l'Université de Liège. Dans un but de formation et de prévention des troubles vocaux chez les enseignants et futurs enseignants, nous avons développé un programme mixte comportant une intervention indirecte et une intervention directe. Il est basé sur l’entrainement des compétences de communication orale des enseignants dans des situations environnementales et communicationnelles proches de leur réalité de pratique pédagogique. Il implique notamment des simulations de communication dans le bruit et des immersions dans une salle de classe virtuelle. Cet article comporte une description exhaustive du programme afin d’en permettre la reproductibilité.
Comment dire sans dire?
Authors: Rittaud-Hutinet Chantal
Published: March 2023

Lorsque, pour faire part de ses opinions, de ses goûts, de ses états d’âme, de ses aversions, l’énonciateur emploie un discours ou un méta-discours non-verbal, cela signifie qu’il le fait avec des intonations expressives. Celles-ci remplacent les mots correspondants. Elles sont d’une grande richesse et d’une grande variété.

La composante vocale donne à l’énonciateur la capacité de faire avancer très rapidement le développement de son thème, et elle lui offre de nombreuses facilités pour des stratégies discursives, comme : gauchir le sens dénoté de ses mots, le renforcer, le contester, l’infirmer, en réduire la portée, ménager sa face et celle de l’allocutaire. Il transmet alors à la dérobée jugement, moquerie, insinuation, réserve, surprise, suggestion, espoir, réprobation, conseil, appréciation, remontrance, colère, conviction, demande de connivence, compassion...

Avec des exemples (conversations non préparées, film) où l’acoustique est la seule marque qui guide le destinataire vers l’interprétation du non-dit de l’énonciateur, est analysé le signifié pragmatique et le signifiant des unités linguistiques de l’intonation expressive que sont les signes vocaux. Une comparaison est ensuite établie entre les façons dont deux méthodes de fle traitent l’acte de langage non verbal, et leurs rapports avec la réalité du phénomène. Puis sont exposés rapidement le cadre et les procédures de la recherche en phonopragmatique.
oral au service de l'apprentissage de la grammaire du français langue étrangère
Authors: Kalmbach Jean-Michel
Published: March 2023

Dans l’enseignement du français (langue maternelle ou étrangère), l’oral est souvent  vu  comme  un  facteur  de  trouble,  parce  qu’il  met  en  question  un  grand nombre  de  règles  de  la  norme  de  l’écrit.  Dans  l’enseignement  du  FLE,  où  la description  et  la  compréhension  de  l’oral  jouent  pourtant  un  rôle  bien  plus important  que  pour  les  locuteurs  natifs,  il  reste,  du  fait  de  la  tradition  et  de  la préséance de l’écrit, essentiellement relégué au rang  de curiosité. Dans cet article, nous montrons que l’on pourrait au contraire l’exploiter et le valoriser en le mettant au service de l’apprentissage de la grammaire du français. Nous prendrons comme exemple la règle « de cacophonie » (chute de l’article  des/du après la préposition de), qui est source de grandes difficultés dans l’apprentissage du français et qui bénéficie grandement d’un traitement par le biais de l’oral.
grammaire des usages du français parlé pour non spécialistes: difficultés et perspectives
Authors: Caddéo Sandrine
Published: March 2023

Des grammaires rendant compte des usages oraux du français contemporain devraient pouvoir côtoyer les usuels de la langue pour permettre au public de nonspécialistes d’élargir ses connaissances sur les faits de langues, très partiellement décrits par les grammaires de référence souvent tournées vers le système du français écrit. La question des usages conduit cependant à remettre en question, critiquer ou même invalider les perspectives actuelles sur certains domaines grammaticaux « fossilisés » par plusieurs décennies de tradition grammaticale qui ont façonné la pensée collective (en ce qui concerne entre autres la phrase, le système du genre et du nombre, la notion de non-standard, les genres discursifs). Cet article revient sur quelques-uns des acquis descriptifs qui résultent de l’observation du français parlé et interroge leur recevabilité « didactique ».
Pour une laïcité universalisable
Authors: Renard Raymond
Published: March 2023

Pour une laïcité universalisable
Introduction
Authors: Renard Raymond
Published: March 2023

Cette nouvelle livraison de Langue(s) & Parole est un numéro monographique sur l'enseignement plurilingue, et aborde les mesures prises ou à prendre pour rendre plurilingue la plus grande partie de la population.  Autrement  dit  comment  introduire  et généraliser l’enseignement plurilingue dans les structures d’enseignement primaire et secondaire. Conformément aux principes et objectifs adoptés par la Revue dès sa création, la problématique ainsi posée est envisagée dans une triple perspective :  événementielle,  théorique  et  sociétale.
un currículum per una educació plurilingüe i intercultural
Authors: Noguerol Artur
Published: March 2023

En aquest article es mostra la força innovadora de la proposta d’ensenyament de llengües de l’Escola Andorrana (el sistema educatiu oficial d’Andorra) i la seva fonamentació teòrica. Es posa l’accent en la concepció de l’ensenyament centrada en els aprenents i no en els docents, i dintre d’una visió ecològica del que és ensenyar i aprendre. L’ensenyament plurilingüe i intercultural supera les barreres tradicionals que fragmentaven les disciplines i, en conseqüència, es proposen els projectes d’aula com a base per als processos d’aprenentatge. El currículum d’Andorra se situa així en línia amb les propostes més avançades que el Consell d’Europa està realitzant en aquests moments
oeuvre d'art: un document authentique en classe de FLE
Authors: Es-Saidi Kawtar
Published: March 2023

L’objectif de cette contribution est de mieux concevoir l’intérêt de la « réception esthétique » de l’œuvre d’art, document authentique, en classe de français langue étrangère (FLE). Nous montrerons, dans un premier temps, que la réception esthétique d’œuvres artistiques, y compris la photographique d’auteur et les tableaux de peinture, suscite à la fois des facultés sensorielles, émotionnelles et cognitives qui doivent être généralement sollicitées dans l’apprentissage d’une langue étrangère. Il sera question ensuite de montrer qu’un tel dispositif pédagogique, à travers un ensemble d’outils de médiation, favorise le développement de compétences langagières et culturelles.
Locuciones españoles con nombre de instrumento musical
Authors: García-Page Mario
Published: March 2023

El principal objetivo del estudio es la confección del corpus de locuciones españolas compuestas con el nombre de un instrumento musical, del tipo entre pitos y flautas o templar gaitas; para ello se toman como fuentes de búsqueda cuatro diccionarios españoles, dos descriptivos de uso general –el DLE y el DEA– y dos específicos de fraseología –el DFEM y el DFDEA–.Entre las conclusiones que pueden extraerse, puede afirmarse que son muy pocos los nombres de instrumento musical que han logrado generar locuciones y que la mayoría son instrumentos bastante conocidos (guitarra, piano, acordeón, platillo, tambor, flauta, violín, gaita, pandereta, castañuela, bombo, pito, etc.) e incluso propios del ámbito español o europeo, aunque con carácter universal; asimismo, los corpus de los cuatro diccionarios no son coincidentes, ni son estables (p. ej., varían de una edición a otra).
CHINA GEO-POLITICAL CONTOURS IN AFGHANISTAN
Authors: Parveen Dr. Saima
Published: March 2023

Afghanistan as pivotal in this region as it provides a land bridge between Greater Central Asia northern and southern parts and between Middle East and Greater Central Asia as well. The US intervention in Afghanistan has opened a channel for Beijing geo-political objectives in Afghanistan. China’s economic interests are connected with Afghanistan and investing in Afghanistan’s infrastructure development but threats from Islamic extremism has inundated the region which has been infested into Xinjiang province with enhanced drug trade. This research investigates the interests of China through analytical and qualitative approaches. China’s interests in Afghanistan revolve around various geo-political imperatives. China has longer presence and investment plans in Afghanistan because Afghanistan has huge oil and natural gas reserves in northern part. Besides, China wants an access to natural gas supply of Central Asia and Afghanistan. China is interested in stable Afghanistan that has military capability to secure its borders. For regional aspiration China is to counter United States hegemonic designs. Besides, the other significant contour is having foothold in Pakistan especially through strategic designs in Balochistan.
CuFe2O4 nanoparticles-based electrochemical sensor for sensitive determination of the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Jahani Peyman , Jafari Maedeh , Nazari Ravari Farhad
Published: March 2023

A fast and facile electrochemical sensor for the detection of an important anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil, is fabricated using CuFe2O4 nanoparticles modified screen printed graphite electrode (CuFe2O4 NPs/SPGE). The electrochemical activity of the modified electrode was characterized by chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) experiments. The CuFe2O4 NPs improved the electrochemical properties of the electrodes and enhanced their electroanalytical performance. Electrochemical measurements using differential pulse voltammetry showed a wide linear relationship between 5-fluorouracil concentration and peak height within the range 0.1 to 270.0 µM with a low detection limit (0.03 µM). Further, the sensor was testified with a urine sample and 5-fluorouracil injection sample, and the observed remarkable recovery results replicate its practical applicability.
El Cóndor Andino (Vultur gryphus): ¿predador o carroñero? Pluralidad de percepciones entre los saberes locales y el discurso académico en las sierras centrales de Argentina
Authors: Manzano-García Jessica , Jiménez-Escobar David , Lobo Allende Rebeca , Cailly-Arnulphi Verónica B.
Published: March 2023

This work explores perceptions related to the Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus) through the traditional knowledge, the practices of the rural inhabitant and the academic discourse associated to the species. The study was carried out in four areas of the central hills of Argentina, in the provinces of Catamarca, Córdoba (Quebrada del Condorito National Park), La Rioja and San Juan. From the perspective of these social actors, the Andean Condor can be valued as a key species, emblematic and worthy of conservation, but it can also be considered as conflictive and that must be eliminated by the hunter behaviour that some locals attribute to it. By means of ethnographic techniques we obtained information that evidenced the existence of a plurality in evaluations related to the Andean Condor, considering the local and the academic discourses, especially the differential perceptions regarding their eating habits, finding a contrast between the narratives in which the conservationist perception of the settlers of the park and the academy coincides, and the view of the settlers of the other three study areas. Systematized data show the simultaneity of perceptions associated with individual and collective knowledge about the human–animal relationship, identifying aspects ranging from the criteria associated with biocultural importance and conservation of the bird, until its negative valuation by being considered a threat for the livestock production.
La ornitología en el Paraguay: una revisión de los patrones de investigación durante 25 años (1995-2019)
Authors: Esquivel M. Alberto , Peris Salvador J. , Velázquez Myriam , Irala Rebeca , Cantero Nicolás , Zarza Rebecca , Weiler Andrea
Published: March 2023

Previous analyses on the advances in Neotropical ornithology have highlighted Paraguay as a priority country for research, considering its richness of bird species and the few publications available. In this article we examine published contributions to the ornithology of Paraguay over the 25 years from 1995 to 2019, dividing publications into five-year periods and into 11 areas of knowledge in ornithology. We analyzed a total of 203 publications, including scientific articles and books. Articles referring to the distribution and occurrence of species correspond to almost 51%, followed by those related to conservation (13%) and natural history (12%). On average, eight contributions were published per year during the 25 years. In the last five years, there has been an increase in ornithological publications by 58% in relation to the previous five years; likewise, contributions by authors affiliated within Paraguay have increased by up to 93% and studies that exclusively used data from Paraguay by up to 98%. A high proportion of this increase is explained by the contributions of just a few authors, mostly publishing short notes. With respect to ornithogeographic regions, Alto Paraná and Central Chaco are the most studied, with 42% and 31% of publications, respectively. More than 50% of families and 30% of orders have not been the focus of studies in 25 years. With this analysis, we demonstrate a still very incipient increase in ornithological research in the country; we identify actions that may be supporting its development, as well as difficulties, and we orient research priorities in Paraguay.
“Wahenga walisema dalili ya mvua...” Uchunguzi wa Dhima za Viashiria vya Utendaji wa Methali katika Nyimbo za Dansi
Authors:   Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam, Mnenuka Angelus
Published: March 2023

Methali ni utanzu unaotumiwa katika mawasiliano ya kawaida na katika utendaji wa tanzu mbalimbali za fasihi. Yumkini, kutokana na utegemezi wake, pamoja na msisitizo mkubwa kuwa fasihi simulizi hudhihirika katika utendaji, aghalabu, methali zimekuwa zikichambuliwa nje ya muktadha wake wa utendaji. Matokeo yake, nduni nyingi za utendaji wa methali zimeelezwa kiholela, suala linaloleta uvulivuli mkubwa katika fasiri ya methali kwa ujumla. Kwa mfano, kiashiria pekee cha utendaji wa methali kinachoelezwa na wengi ni kile kinachohusisha wahenga, yaani “wahenga walisema…” na vingine vinavyofanana na hicho. Aina hii ya kiashiria hudokeza aina ya utendaji inayoondoa msimamo na hisia za mdondoaji kwa sababu huhusisha maudhui ya methali na wahenga. Kwa kuwa methali ni mali ya jamii, kwa vyovyote vile, kuna uwezekano mkubwa wa kuwa na viashiria vingine vinavyoakisi mazingira ya utendekaji wa methali pamoja na kujumuisha hisia za watumiaji. Kwa kutumia Nadharia ya Utendaji, makala hii inalenga kubainisha na kuchunguza dhima za viashiria vya utendaji wa methali katika nyimbo za muziki wa dansi za Kiswahili. Matokeo yanadhihirisha kuwa, mbali na kiashiria cha “wahenga walisema...” nyimbo za muziki wa dansi zina viashiria mbalimbali vya utendaji wa methali. Baadhi ya viashiria hivyo hudhihirisha mitazamo, misimamo na hisia za watendaji wa methali. Aidha, imebainika kuwa ili kuelewa vizuri maudhui ya methali, uchambuzi wa viashiria vya utendaji haukwepeki.
El autoconocimiento: herramienta clave de la educación socioemocional para la gestión de los conflictos escolares
Authors: Gil Rocha María del Rosario
Published: March 2023

La escuela es un espacio donde se gesta y desarrolla un significativo entramado de relaciones interpersonales. De la manifestación de dichas relaciones, surgen diferencias, desacuerdos, comunicación inadecuada, que originan conflictos interpersonales. El presente artículo muestra los resultados iniciales del proceso de intervención educativa sobre el autoconocimiento en función de cómo hacer del conflicto una experiencia de aprendizaje. Para lograrlo, se operativizó el programa de Educación socioemocional comprendido en Aprendizajes clave para la educación integral. Plan y programas de estudio, orientaciones didácticas y sugerencias de evaluación (SEP, 2017), no obstante, fue necesario realizar algunos “ajustes razonables” (García, 2019). La investigación se realizó en un internado de educación primaria. Las técnicas e instrumentos utilizados para la obtención de información fueron: encuestas, registros de observación, grabaciones en video e instrumentos de valoración. Los resultados parciales obtenidos muestran que para el desarrollo de dichas habilidades se requiere de la preparación y participación activa del docente como gestor de ambientes armónicos en el aula, tomando en consideración cómo piensan, sienten y actúan los estudiantes, quienes se constituyen en protagonistas de esta investigación, a fin de conjugar el mundo cognitivo y emocional para la construcción de aprendizajes sólidos y duraderos.
Reliability of Post-Mortem Computed Tomography in Measuring Foramen Magnum Dimensions
Authors: Wong Yi-Li Grace , Lai Poh Soon , Mohd Noor Mohamad Helmee , Chinna Karuthan , Ibrahim Mohamad
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Reliability of foramen magnum dimensions using post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) to obtain standardized measurements for biological profiling with interest in sexual dimorphism needs to be evaluated prior to a larger scale population-based study. Method: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 40 Malaysian adult decedent PMCT skulls. Standardized morphometric evaluation of two foramen magnum parameters, the foramen magnum anterior-posterior diameter (FMAPD) and transverse diameter (FMTD), were performed by three readers at two separate times. Statistical analysis included intraobserver and interobserver relative technical error of measurement (RTEM), coefficients of reliability (R), and t-test. Results: Error rates (RTEM) for FMAPD demonstrated intraobserver values of 3.65–3.84% (R = 0.73–0.75, substantial reliability) and interobserver values of 4.12–5.23% (R = 0.56–0.68, moderate to substantial reliability). Error rates (RTEM) for FMTD demonstrated intraobserver values between 4.52% and 5.00% (R = 0.57–0.70, moderate to substantial reliability) and interobserver values between 5.50% and 6.38% (R = 0.48–0.64, moderate to substantial reliability). Discussion: To improve precision of a population-based study, we recommend specialized operator training in the use of PMCT software, adequate sample size, clear landmark definitions, and consideration of population affinity as a confounder.
PEDAGOGIA HOSPITALAR NA BASE SCIELO: UMA ANÁLISE DOCUMENTAL
Authors: Anjos Fernanda Galvão dos , Ujiie Nájela Tavares
Published: March 2023

Hospital Pedagogy is a space for educational action, linked to the fields of education and health, which offers care to hospitalized children, adolescents and/or adults, considering their educational needs and demands. The study presented has an exploratory and documental methodological framework, mediated by the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) database and aims at carrying out an analytical survey of the studies published by the digital portal regarding the theme of Hospital Pedagogy. In the exploratory scope, it accessed theoretical-bibliographical contributions of different natures, wove the historicity of hospital pedagogy with emphasis on the Brazilian scenario, identifying the legislation pertinent to the theme and the pedagogical practices that support the pedagogue's performance in the hospital environment. In the documentary scope, the search originated 11 (eleven) scientific articles to be analyzed, published between 2005 and 2022, from which eight are written in Portuguese, one in English and two in Spanish. The survey made it possible to discuss the scientific studies on the theme, to identify its incipience, and to contextualize the need for more studies and research that focus on hospital pedagogy. Furthermore, it demonstrated that the pedagogue's pedagogical action in the hospital context demands essential training preparation, as it goes beyond mediating the teaching-learning process, having a humanizing dimension and aligned with attention to diversity and comprehensive training, which always focuses on care and education.
Structural Properties and Convergence Approach for Chance-Constrained Optimization of Boundary-Value Elliptic Partial Differential Equation Systems
Authors: Teka Kibru , Geletu Abebe , Li Pu
Published: March 2023

This work studies the structural properties and convergence approach of chance-constrained optimization of boundary-value elliptic partial differential equation systems (CCPDEs). The boundary conditions are random input functions deliberated from the boundary of the partial differential equation (PDE) system and in the infinite-dimensional reflexive and separable Banach space. The structural properties of the chance constraints studied in this paper are continuity, closedness, compactness, convexity, and smoothness of probabilistic uniform or pointwise state constrained functions and their parametric approximations. These are open issues even in the finite-dimensional Banach space. Thus, it needs finite-dimensional and smooth parametric approximation representations. We propose a convex approximation approach to nonconvex CCPDE problems. When the approximation parameter goes to zero from the right, the solutions of the relaxation and compression approximations converge asymptotically to the optimal solution of the original CCPDE. Due to the convexity of the problem, a global solution exists for the proposed approximations. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the plausibility and applicability of the proposed approach.
Nondual Well-Being - The Evolution of Happiness
Authors: Jones Patrick
Published: March 2023

In the last fifty years there has been a growing scientific interest in what makes up happiness. Life areas such as relationships, work, or money were investigated however it was found that they only partially predicted happiness. More subjective factors such as cognition and affect were explored, and the term subjective well-being (SWB) became popular. However, because SWB was based on fluctuating mental states and changing life conditions, it was always unstable, and on average people reported themselves mostly happy but not completely happy. In response we ask what it takes to be fully happy. This chapter explores the possibility of whether happiness can be a stable attribute of a fully functional human being. We turn to traditional mindfulness and the ancient wisdom traditions who assert we can achieve lasting happiness and ask what are the psychological mechanisms that can be drawn from them. Their claim that the sense of self is constructed and responsible for the fluctuations in happiness is explored, and a model of robust happiness is considered.
Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in Children with Cholestatic Diseases and Pediatric Liver Transplantation
Authors: V. Gautier Sergey , P. Shevchenko Olga , M. Tsirulnikova Olga , M. Kurabekova Rivada , E. Pashkova Irina
Published: March 2023

The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH/IGF-1) system is the most important regulator of growth, regeneration, and metabolism in children and adults. Children with congenital cholestatic diseases have elevated GH blood levels, which is combined with growth failure and body mass deficit. Congenital cholestatic diseases lead to end-stage liver disease (ESLD), where GH bioavailability, mediated through IGF-1, is impaired. Blood IGF-1 levels are decreased due to impaired production by the liver. This study included 148 children up to 5 years (60 months) old with congenital cholestatic diseases. The patients underwent liver transplantation (LT) at a leading transplant center in Russia. The clinical significance of the GH/IGF-1 axis in pediatric liver recipients was investigated. Relationship between the patients’ GH/IGF-1 levels and anthropometric parameters was analyzed before and after LT. It was shown that LT leads to renewal/recovery of GH-IGF-1 regulation and improved anthropometric parameters (body height and body mass) in pediatric recipients.
A Review of Current Surgical Approaches and Diagnostic Features Associated with Craniosynostosis Patients and the Relation to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Pellecchia Robert , Vatandoost Kambiz , Nair Anirudh , Soleimanzadeh Farajollah , Richardson Benjamin , D. Persaud III Gunanand
Published: March 2023

The chapter will describe etiology of craniosynostosis and the management in the young child. Included will be classification of various forms of craniosynostosis and surgical management. Diagnostic imaging including CT scan, MRI, etc. will be mentioned as a tool in the treatment considerations of the patient with Craniosynostosis. Initial diagnosis, and consultation with appropriate surgical service, and treatment options will be discussed in the Chapter. Surgical options will include surgical plan and fixation methods. Further discussion of combined orthodontic and surgical treatment planning is presented. Complications will be discussed and summarized including reasonable expectations with both short and long term outcomes.
Recent Advances in Clinical Diagnosis and Pharmacotherapy Options of Membranous Nephropathy in Iraqi Patients
Authors: Lateif Al Geboury Ali , Hameed Al-Bahrani Maha , Mohameed Alsayhood Nawar
Published: March 2023

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the various glomerular diseases causing nephrotic syndrome, also referred to as membranous glomerulopathy. It can be diagnosed at any age in general, and males are more often affected than females (with the sex ratio being 2–3:1). Membranous nephropathy is a relatively rare disease in adults (approximately half of all cases are common in older White adults). Statistical analysis shows that 80% of patients with MN have high creatinine level, dyslipidemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria more than (3.5 g/day), and fluid retention (edema), while 20% with asymptomatic with non-nephrotic levels of proteinuria (< 3.5 gram/day) involves the reaction of an inflammatory process in the basement membrane. It can be distinguished from nephritic syndromes by the absence of active sediments, hematuria, and red cell casts in urine microscopy. The two main causes of nephrotic range proteinuria are the loss of the anionic charge barrier in the membrane and podocyte destruction, which results in albuminuria. The field has advanced greatly and quickly over the past 10 years thanks to the development of cutting-edge instruments for disease diagnosis, classification, monitoring, and treatment. This core curriculum aims to serve as both a broad guide for the clinical management of disease and an overview of recent developments in the field. In the review, we critically summarized different diagnosis biomarker therapies used for the treatment of MN patients in Iraq. These groundbreaking discoveries were swiftly applied to clinical diagnosis and management. The diagnosis and treatment monitoring processes benefited significantly from significant advancements in detection techniques.