bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pneumomediastinum as a Manifestation of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: Alhazmi Ahmed , Cheikh Mohamed Moulaye , Hassan Rola Yousef
Published: July 2020

A 38-year-old hypertensive male with a smoking history presented to the emergency room with significant hemoptysis, arthritis, and a purpuric rash. Other findings included a dropping hemoglobin and acute kidney injury with microscopic hematuria. The pulmonary computed tomography was significant for alveolar hemorrhage and a rarely reported pneumomediastinum. Along with this constellation of findings, a positive antiproteinase 3 helped to confirm this patient’s diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Treatment commenced with sessions of plasma exchange and pulse steroids along with cyclophosphamide infusions. The patient had since improved and made a full recovery. This case report highlights the rarely described pneumomediastinum in association with vasculitides.
Green Synthesis Characterization and Thermotropic Behaviour of O-Linked Glycopyranosides of Phenolic Esters
Authors: Nazir Saliha , Iqbal Dure Najaf , Daud Hina , Ghani Ambreen , Nasir Shagufta , Naz Saima , Hussain Erum Akbar
Published: July 2020

Focusing on green chemistry protocols, a series of carbohydrate derivatives (5a–l) have been synthesized by Fischer glycosylation of α-D-glucose, D-xylose, and α-maltose with several nonpolar phenolic ester aglycones (3a–d) derived from menthol by employing solid-supported Si-H+ as the catalyst. In order to study the extent of mesomorphism in target molecules, the thermotropic behaviour has been studied by using the thermoanalytic DSC/TGA technique and polarized optical microscope. Phase transitions in the DSC thermograms of 5a–l with two endothermic melting point peaks and various exothermic crystalline transitions exhibits the existence of mesophases. However, optical photomicrographs revealed that the new glycopyranosides formed smectic A phases. Moreover, all the compounds (3a–d and 5a–l) were confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR.
Long-Term Visual Outcomes for a Treat-and-Extend Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Regimen in Eyes with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Up to Seven-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Javidi Simon , Dirani Ali , Antaki Fares , Saab Marc , Rahali Sofiane , Cordahi Ghassan
Published: July 2020

Purpose. To report long-term visual and anatomical outcomes in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with a treat-and-extend regimen (TER) of intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections in real-world settings.Methods. Retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with nAMD treated with a TER of anti-VEGF intravitreal injections by a single retina specialist (GC). Patients with nAMD who had at least one year of follow-up were identified using an electronic database. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, and macular OCT were performed at each visit. Patients received a loading dose of three monthly intravitreal injections and then were treated according to a TER of bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and/or aflibercept. The number of injections, BCVA, and central retinal thickness (CRT) were evaluated during the follow-up period.Results. 180 eyes from 180 patients were included in the study. Mean age was 75 ± 9 (range: 51–96). Mean BCVA was 0.77 ± 0.64 LogMAR at baseline, 0.69 ± 0.58 LogMAR (p=0.0057) after loading phase, 0.64 ± 0.55 LogMAR (p=0.0001) after 6 months of TER, and 0.76 ± 0.71 LogMAR after 6 years of treatment (n = 32 at year 6). CRT decreased significantly after the loading phase (p=0.0002). The mean number of intravitreal injections per year was 7.6 during the first three years of treatment and then decreased to 5.9 during year 4 to 7.Conclusions. This retrospective study of 180 nAMD patients treated with a TER of intravitreal anti-VEGF demonstrates an initial improvement of BCVA after loading phase, followed by long-term visual stabilization for at least six years. These results were obtained with a high number of injections, averaging close to six injections per year during long-term follow-up. In light of the natural evolution of nAMD, these data support the long-term efficacy of this treatment under real-world conditions of heterogeneity of patients and type of anti-VEGF used.
Threshold Estimation for a Spectrally Negative Lévy Process
Authors: You Honglong , Yin Chuncun
Published: July 2020

Consider a spectrally negative Lévy process with unknown diffusion coefficient and Lévy measure and suppose that the high frequency trading data is given. We use the techniques of threshold estimation and regularized Laplace inversion to obtain the estimator of survival probability for a spectrally negative Lévy process. The asymptotic properties are given for the proposed estimator. Simulation studies are also given to show the finite sample performance of our estimator.
Research on the Application of an Information System in Monitoring the Dynamic Deformation of a High-Rise Building
Authors: Chen Mingzhi , Zhang Guojian , Yu Chengxin , Xiao Peng
Published: July 2020

With the acceleration of urbanization, there are increasingly more high-rise buildings in cities. In turn, high-rise building collapse accidents occur frequently. The causes of the danger, in addition to the extremely severe stress, are predominantly due to the long-term role of unstable factors, resulting in an unrecoverable internal structure. Therefore, it is advisable to monitor the dynamic deformation of buildings to prevent accidents. However, there is no particularly mature application system on the market to enable this monitoring, so our research group has carried out a long-term research in this field. This paper introduces the design of a set of practical information systems by using information technology and the principle of close-range photogrammetry. The system used the photographing scale transformation-time baseline parallax (PST-TBP) method to analyse image data collected with a digital camera, implement close-range photogrammetry, and input the image data into a computer. A building deformation diagram is obtained using our own software. The associated deformation curve can clearly reproduce the building deformation trend to monitor the building health. We conducted many laboratory simulation experiments to verify the information system, and the verification results prove that this process is rigorous. To apply this information system to a real-life scenario as soon as possible, we further studied its application to high-rise buildings, improved the system by using data and experience obtained by monitoring the tallest local building, and achieved good results. Finally, combined with the development of current intelligent technology, directions for system improvement are explored.
Clinical and Microbiological Effects of Weekly Supragingival Irrigation with Aerosolized 0.5% Hydrogen Peroxide and Formation of Cavitation Bubbles in Gingival Tissues after This Irrigation: A Six-Month Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Žekonis Gediminas , Šadzevičienė Renata , Balnytė Ingrida , Noreikienė Viktorija , Šidlauskaitė Gaida Marija , Šadzevičiūtė Eglė , Žekonis Jonas
Published: July 2020

Introduction. The study investigated the effect of weekly supragingival irrigation with aerosolized 0.5% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution as a maintenance periodontal therapy on clinical and microbiological parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis. The other purpose was to investigate whether cavitation bubbles can penetrate not only into periodontitis-damaged tissues but also into ex vivo porcine healthy periodontal tissues. Materials and Methods. The study included 35 systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). After nonsurgical periodontal debridement (NSPD), all patients were randomized into two groups: the Control group (NSDP alone, n=18) and the Test group (NSDP plus supragingival irrigation, n=17). Clinical (Approximal Plaque Index (API), Bleeding Index (BI), and Modified Gingival Index (MGI)) and microbiological (Polymerase Chain Reaction technology (using a micro-IDent® kit)) measurements were performed at the initial time point, 3 months, and 6 months after NSPD. The impact of supragingival irrigation on diseased gingival tissues of CP patients (n=5) and on ex vivo porcine healthy gingival tissue samples (n=3) was evaluated to estimate morphological changes in healthy and diseased gingival tissues. Results. Morphological data revealed that supragingival irrigation caused the formation of cavitation bubbles in diseased gingival tissue of CP patients and in healthy porcine gingival tissues. The decrease in API, BI, and MGI scores after 6 months in the Test group significantly (p≤0.01, p≤0.05, and p≤0.01, respectively) exceeded that in the Control group. Test group patients demonstrated a decrease in periodontal sites showing Pocket Probing Depth>4 mm and, after 6 months, a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of periopathogenic bacteria. Conclusion. The effectiveness of mechanical periodontal treatment combined with weekly supragingival irrigation with aerosolized 0.5% H2O2 solution on clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal tissues of periodontitis patients is reliably higher than that of mechanical periodontal debridement alone. It has been found that cavitation bubbles as a result of irrigation with the aerosolized 0.5% hydrogen peroxide solution can form not only in periodontal tissues of periodontitis patients but also in ex vivo porcine healthy gingival tissues.
Anticancer Effects of Plasma-Activated Medium Produced by a Microwave-Excited Atmospheric Pressure Argon Plasma Jet
Authors: Jo Ara , Joh Hea Min , Chung Tae Hun , Chung Jin Woong
Published: July 2020

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been reported to have strong anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. CAP has been known to induce apoptosis in most cancer cells by treatment to cells using direct and indirect treatment methods. There are many reports of apoptosis pathways induced by CAP, but for indirect treatment, there is still a lack of fundamental research on how CAP can cause apoptosis in cancer cells. In this study, we applied an indirect treatment method to determine how CAP can induce cancer cell death. First, plasma-activated medium (PAM) was produced by a 2.45 GHz microwave-excited atmospheric pressure plasma jet (ME-APPJ). Next, the amounts of various reactive species in the PAM were estimated using colorimetric methods. The concentration of NO2– and H2O2 in PAM cultured with cancer cells was measured, and intracellular reactive oxidative stress (ROS) changes were observed using flow cytometry. When PAM was incubated with A549 lung cancer cells, there was little change in NO2– concentration, but the concentration of H2O2 gradually decreased after 30 min. While the intracellular ROS of A549 cells was rapidly increased at 2 hours, there was no significant change in that of PAM-treated normal cells. Furthermore, PAM had a significant cytotoxic effect on A549 cells but had little effect on normal cell viability. In addition, using flow cytometry, we confirmed that apoptosis of A549 cells occurred following flow cytometry and western blot analysis. These results suggest that among various reactive species produced by PAM, hydrogen peroxide plays a key role in inducing cancer cell apoptosis.
Stability and Adaptability of Yield among Earliness Sweet Corn Hybrids in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ruswandi Dedi , Yuwariah Yuyun , Ariyanti Mira , Syafii Muh , Nuraini Anne
Published: July 2020

Multienvironment testing is an important phase to study the interaction of G × E and to select stable hybrids for a broad environment or for a specific environment. To study the interaction of G × E and the stability of earliness and yield of Indonesian new sweet corn hybrids under different locations and seasons in West Java, Indonesia, eighteen hybrids were evaluated in six environments in West Java, Indonesia, and were analysed using parametric and nonparametric stability models, additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), and GGE biplots. Results showed that the most promising sweet corn hybrids including hybrids G5 (SR 24 x SR 17) and G11 (SR 31 x SR 17) were identified. The parametric and nonparametric stability parameters and ASV were complement to the AMMI and GGE biplots in selecting stable and adaptable hybrids in terms of earliness and yield. G5 was selected as a high-response hybrid for grain yield to Jatinangor (E1, E2), Lembang (E3, E4), and Wanayasa (E5, E6), as well as earliness to Jatinangor (E2), Lembang (E3, E4), and Wanayasa (E5, E6). G5 sweet corn hybrid, therefore, is suggested to be extensively evaluated on farm and produced for smallholder farmers in West Java, Indonesia.
Waste Foundry Sand as Permeable and Low Permeable Barrier for Restriction of the Propagation of Lead and Nickel Ions in Groundwater
Authors: Faisal Ayad A. H. , Al-Ridah Zaid Abed , Naji Laith A. , Naushad Mu. , El-Serehy Hamed A.
Published: July 2020

This work aims to investigate the ability of using waste foundry sand (WFS) resulting as inexpensive by-product from steel industry in the low permeability barrier (LPB) and permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technologies for restriction of the movement of lead and nickel ions in the groundwater. Outputs of flask and tank tests certified that this material could capture these ions with sorption efficiency greater than 95% at time, pH, sorbent dosage, and speed equal to 60 min, 4 for lead and 6 for nickel, 2.5 g/100 mL, and 250 rpm, respectively. Sorption isotherm measurements were represented in a good manner by Langmuir model in comparison with Freundlich model with coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.99. So, the chemisorption was the predominant mechanism which could be supported by O-H, H-O-H, C-O, O-Si-O, and Si-O functional groups based on the Fourier transform infrared analysis. The maximum sorption capacity of WFS was 13.966 and 4.227 mg/g for lead and nickel ions, respectively, with corresponding affinities equal to 0.647 and 0.099 L/mg. Measurements signified that the hydraulic conductivity of WFS was 3.8 × 10−7 cm/s which satisfies the requirements of LPB. To obtain the acceptable values of permeability and reactivity, PRB was prepared from mixing 18% WFS with 82% filter sand. COMSOL software was able to simulate the measurements of two-dimensional tank packed with Iraqi soil aquifer in combination with WFS-LPB and WFS-filter sand PRB. Thicker barriers have a high ability in the protection of locations in the down-gradient side because their longevity increased dramatically with increase of barrier thickness.
Interleukin-10 Induces Expression of Neuroendocrine Markers and PDL1 in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Samiea Abrar , Yoon Jeff S. J. , Ong Christopher J. , Zoubeidi Amina , Chamberlain Thomas C. , Mui Alice L.-F.
Published: July 2020

Interleukin-10 (IL10) is best studied for its inhibitory action on immune cells and ability to suppress an antitumour immune response. But IL10 also exerts direct effects on nonimmune cells such as prostate cancer epithelial cells. Elevated serum levels of IL10 observed in prostate and other cancer patients are associated with poor prognosis. After first-line androgen-deprivation therapy, prostate cancer patients are treated with androgen receptor antagonists such as enzalutamide to inhibit androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell growth. However, development of resistance inevitably occurs and this is associated with tumour differentiation to more aggressive forms such as a neuroendocrine phenotype characterized by expression of neuron specific enolase and synaptophysin. We found that treatment of prostate cancer cell lines in vitro with IL10 or enzalutamide induced markers of neuroendocrine differentiation and inhibited androgen receptor reporter activity. Both also upregulated the levels of PDL1, which could promote tumour survival in vivo through its interaction with the immune cell inhibitory receptor PD1 to suppress antitumour immunity. These findings suggest that IL10’s direct action on prostate cancer cells could contribute to prostate cancer progression independent of IL10’s suppression of host immune cells.
Acupuncture for Cancer‐Induced Bone Pain in Animal Models: A Systemic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yu Mei-ling , Qian Jia-jia , Fu Shu-ping , Chen Jia-ying , Zheng Yu-wen , Lu Zhi-gang , Lu Sheng-feng
Published: July 2020

Background. Cancer‐induced bone pain (CIBP) is a highly prevalent symptom, which afflicts vast majority of patients who suffer from cancer. The current treatment options failed to achieve satisfactory effect and the side effects were prominent. Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of animal demonstrate the benefit of acupuncture for CIBP. We sought to determine if the pooled data from available RCTs supports the use of acupuncture for CIBP. Methods. A literature search for randomized controlled trials was conducted in six electronic databases from inception to May 31, 2019. Meta‐analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.3 software; the publication bias was assessed by Stata 12.0 software. We used random effects model for pooling data because heterogeneity is absolute among studies to some extent. Results. Twenty‐four trials were included in the review, of which 12 trials provided detailed data for meta‐analyses. Preliminary evidence indicates that compared to wait list/sham group, acupuncture was effective on increasing paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL). Compared to medicine, acupuncture was less effective on PWT, but as effective as medicine on PWL. Acupuncture can reinforce medicine’s effect on PWT and PWL. Compared to the control group, acupuncture was superior to increase body weight (BW), decrease spinal cord glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). Furthermore, some studies showed acupuncture delay or partially reverse morphine tolerance. Three studies found acupuncture has no effect on PWT, but 2 of them found acupuncture could enhance small dose of Celebrex’s effect on CIBP. Conclusions. Acupuncture was superior to wait list/sham acupuncture on increasing PWT and has no less effect on increasing PWL compared to medicine; acupuncture improved the efficacy of drugs, increased the CIBP animals’ body weight, and decreased their spinal cord GFAP and IL‐1β. High‐quality studies are necessary to confirm the results.
Acupuncture for the Postcholecystectomy Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yin Zihan , Xiao Qiwei , Xu Guixing , Cheng Ying , Yang Han , Zhou Jun , Fu Yanan , Chen Jiao , Zhao Ling , Liang Fanrong
Published: July 2020

Background. Postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) has become a common postoperative syndrome that requires systematic and comprehensive therapy to achieve adequate clinical control. Acupuncture and related therapies have shown clinical effects for PCS in many studies. However, systematic reviews/meta‐analyses (SRs/MAs) for them are lacking. Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of PCS using randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods. Potentially eligible studies were searched in the following electronic databases up to 1 February 2020: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science (WoS), Chinese databases (Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Database (WF), and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP)), and other sources (WHO ICTRP, ChiCTR, Clinical Trials, and Grey Literature Database). The RevMan 5.3 was employed for analyses. The Cochrane Collaboration’ risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias (ROB). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the quality of the evidence. Results. A total of 14 RCTs with 1593 participants were included in this SR. MA showed that acupuncture in combination with conventional medicine (CM) did not show statistical differences in reduction in pain. However, acupuncture in combination with CM significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) (RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55–0.92) and improved gastrointestinal function recovery compared to the CM group. Acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine and CM, and acupuncture as monotherapy may improve gastrointestinal function recovery with acceptable adverse events. Conclusion. Acupuncture may be an effective and safe treatment for PCS. However, this study lacks conclusive evidence due to poor quality evidence, limited data, and clinical heterogeneity of acupuncture methods in the included studies.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Evaluation of Heteroleptic Oxytetracycline-Salicylaldehyde Complexes
Authors: Dev Rohit Kumar , Mishra Parashuram , Kumar Chaudhary Narendra , Bhattarai Ajaya
Published: July 2020

A new series of mixed ligand complexes of Cd(II) and Mo(V) were successfully synthesized by refluxing the mixture solution of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC.HCl) with an aqueous and alcoholic solution of metal (M = Cd(II) and Mo(V)) salts and an alcoholic solution of salicylaldehyde (Sal). The complexes were characterized by modern analytical and spectral methods such as elemental microanalysis, pH, conductivity, surface tension, viscosity, melting point, and spectral methods such as FT-IR, NMR, electronic absorption, SEM, and mass spectrometry. Conductivity measurements of the complexes revealed their electrolytic nature. The kinetic and thermal stabilities were investigated using thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis techniques. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters such as E∗, ΔH∗, ΔS∗, and ΔG∗ were calculated from TG curves using the Coats–Redfern method. Geometry optimization of the proposed structure of the complexes was achieved by running MM2 calculations in a Gaussian-supported CS ChemOffice 3D Pro.12.0 version software. The final optimized geometrical energies for respective Cd-OTC/Sal and Mo-OTC/Sal complexes were found to be 923.1740 and 899.3184 kcal/mol. The electronic absorption spectral study revealed a tetrahedral geometry for the Cd-OTC/Sal complex and octahedral geometry for the Mo-OTC/Sal complex. The antibacterial sensitivity of the complexes was evaluated against three bacterial pathogens such as S. aureus, E. coli, and P. mirabilis using the modified Kirby–Bauer paper disc diffusion method. The antibacterial study revealed significant growth inhibitory action of the complexes.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Acute Kidney Injury in the Intensive Care Unit: A Single-Center Study from Jordan
Authors: Oweis Ashraf O. , Alshelleh Sameeha A. , Momany Suleiman M. , Samrah Shaher M. , Khassawneh Basheer Y. , Al Ali Musa A. K.
Published: July 2020

Background. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common serious problem affecting critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU). It increases their morbidity, mortality, length of ICU stay, and long-term risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods. A retrospective study was carried out in a tertiary hospital in Jordan. Medical records of patients admitted to the medical ICU between 2013 and 2015 were reviewed. We aimed to identify the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI. Acute kidney injury network (AKIN) classification was used to define and stage AKI. Results. 2530 patients were admitted to medical ICU, and the incidence of AKI was 31.6%, mainly in stage 1 (59.4%). In multivariate analysis, increasing age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.2 (95% CI 1.1–1.3), P = 0.0001) and higher APACHE II score (OR = 1.5 (95% CI 1.2–1.7), P = 0.001) were predictors of AKI, with 20.4% of patients started on hemodialysis. At the time of discharge, 58% of patients with AKI died compared to 51.3% of patients without AKI (P = 0.05). 88% of patients with AKIN 3 died by the time of discharge compared to patients with AKIN 2 and 1 (75.3% and 61.2% respectively, P = 0.001). Conclusion. AKI is common in ICU patients, and it increases mortality and morbidity. Close attention for earlier detection and addressing risk factors for AKI is needed to decrease incidence, complications, and mortality.
Single Procedure Saline Lavage for Treatment of Inspissated Bile
Authors: Sideeka Nafisa , Shaikh Raja , Chaudry Gulraiz
Published: July 2020

Inspissated bile syndrome is a rare cause of cholestatic jaundice in infancy, occurring due to obstruction of the biliary ducts and gallbladder by biliary sludge. Traditional methods of treatment include surgical drainage or cholecystostomy drain placement. Both can be associated with complications and prolonged admission. We present 2 cases treated with a single percutaneous needle puncture of the gallbladder followed by saline lavage. Two neonates presented with cholestatic jaundice and sonographic evidence of biliary sludge and dilation of the common bile duct. Single sonographic-guided needle puncture of the gallbladder was followed by irrigation with saline. Clearing of the biliary sludge was confirmed by sonography and cholecystocholangiography. There was resolution of the cholestatic jaundice, with no complications or repeat procedures.
Experimental Evaluation of the Influence of Early Disturbance on the Performance of Basalt Fiber Concrete
Authors: Huang Zhe , Li Yan , Liu Yichen , Cai Fengjie , Liang Tianyu
Published: July 2020

By applying early disturbance to the concrete, the influence of the disturbance on the macroscopic mechanical properties of basalt fiber concrete during the period from the initial setting to the final setting is explored, and the influence mechanism is revealed. Also, the influence of this disturbance on the process of sulfate erosion of concrete is evaluated by the sulfate erosion test and by the ultrasonic data acquisition of its damage process. The experimental results show that the flexural strength of basalt fiber concrete is increased after the concrete has been disturbed in the early stage of condensation but is decreased in the middle stage of condensation and is not affected in the later stage. When the condensation and hardening processes are disturbed, damage is caused inside the concrete, which is greater with the increase in the condensation degree until the penetration resistance reaches about 15 MPa, which then is more and more reduced. The durability of basalt fiber concrete is reduced by disturbance, which has a significant effect on it when the penetration resistance is between 7 MPa and 16 MPa.
The Use of Freshwater Sapropel in Agricultural Production: A New Frontier in Kenya
Authors: Murunga Sylvia I. , Wafula Eliud N. , Sang Joseph
Published: July 2020

Opportunities for sustainable agriculture development in Kenya which heavily depends on healthy soil and soil microbial diversity can be found in the promotion of organic farming. The increasing populations, higher demands for animal and plant products, climate change impacts, and weather conditions necessitate novel ideas and technologies to try reverse the adverse effects of excessive use of inorganic fertilizers and to maximize the potential of the land. Sapropel, a promising biological deposit from freshwater lakes, has found its limelight in its use in agricultural crop production as a soil conditioner and biofertilizer. This could be an ultimate practice for sustainable food and energy production in Kenya. This review aims at presenting information in the literature about the potential use of the organic fertilizer based on sapropels in intensified crop production and their main effects on plant growth. It discusses soil fertility, the composition of sapropels, and their application and advantages in agricultural production. It is evident from the review that sapropel can be considered as a resource that is valuable with wide application possibilities in agriculture. Sapropel can present an important contribution to the solution of the conservation of the fertility of the soil for integrated nutrient management systems to maintain agricultural productivity and help in environmental conservation.
Correlation between Intraoperative Fluid Administration and Outcomes of Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Cao Xuefeng , Wang Xixiu , Zhao Baolei , Kong Lingqun , Zhou Lei , Zhu Wentao , Lin Xutao , Chen Qiangpu , Zhang Xingyuan
Published: July 2020

Background. Intraoperative fluid (IOF) administration plays an important role during major abdominal surgery although increased fluid intake can adversely influence postoperative outcomes. However, the effect of the IOF rate on the outcomes of pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is unclear. Methods. 151 patients, who underwent PD at Binzhou Medical University Hospital between January 2010 and May 2017, were categorized into three groups according to IOF rates (ml/kg/hr): restricted (<10, n=47), standard (10–15, n=76), and liberal (>15, n=28). Results. The overall postoperative morbidity was 56.95%. The incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) was 11.26%. The in-hospital mortality rate was 7.28% with the most common cause being grade C POPF and secondary intra-abdominal infections. The patients in the liberal group had significantly higher incidences of POPF (25%) and respiratory complications (21.43%). The other outcome parameters such as recovery of bowel function, hospital stay, and postoperative daily drainage were similar among the groups. Multivariable analysis confirmed the IOF rate to be most strongly associated with POPF (odds ratio: 5.195, confidence interval: 1.142–23.823, P=0.023) and respiratory complications (odds ratio: 7.302, confidence interval: 0.676–58.231, P=0.025). Conclusions. The IOF rate significantly affects the incidence of POPF and respiratory complications after PD. Careful patient-oriented fluid therapy may help to prevent these complications.
The Impact of Different Carbon Emission Policies on Liner Shipping
Authors: Lan Xiangang , Zuo Xiaode , Tang Xia
Published: July 2020

This paper considers the influence of different carbon emission policies for liner shipping. The transportation optimization models under four different forms of carbon emission policies (no carbon emissions constraints, carbon emissions tax, carbon caps, and carbon cap-and-trade) are developed. A real case is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models and comparative analysis of the impact of different carbon emission policies on shipowner’s profit and ship carbon emission. It is shown that the carbon caps form is the most direct method for reducing emission; the form of carbon emissions tax is a mandatory measure, which has the greatest impact on the profit of shipping companies; carbon cap-and-trade forms have weaker emission reduction effects, it is easier for enterprises to actively implement emission reductions and be highly motivated in the long run.
2019-nCoV Transmission in Hubei Province, China: Stochastic and Deterministic Analyses
Authors: Li Zhiming , Teng Zhidong , Ma Changxing
Published: July 2020

Currently, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causes an outbreak of viral pneumonia in Hubei province, China. In this paper, stochastic and deterministic models are proposed to investigate the transmission mechanism of 2019-nCoV from 15 January to 5 February 2020 in Hubei province. For the deterministic model, basic reproduction number R0 is defined and endemic equilibrium is given. Under R0>1, quasi-stationary distribution of the stochastic process is approximated by Gaussian diffusion. Residual, sensitivity, dynamical, and diffusion analyses of the models are conducted. Further, control variables are introduced to the deterministic model and optimal strategies are provided. Based on empirical results, we suggest that the first and most important thing is to control input, screening, treatment, and isolation.
Protective Effects of MitoTEMPO on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Regulating Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells and Inflammation in Mice
Authors: Wu Jiayuan , Zheng Li , Mo Juanfen , Yao Xiujuan , Fan Chenliang , Bao Yi
Published: July 2020

MitoTEMPO, a mitochondrial antioxidant, has protective effects on liver‐related diseases. However, the role of MitoTEMPO on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its possible mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of MitoTEMPO on NAFLD using high fat diet‐ (HFD‐) induced obese mice as animal models. MitoTEMPO was intraperitoneally injected into HFD mice. Liver morphological changes were observed by H&E and Oil Red O staining, and the frequency of MDSCs in peripheral blood was analyzed by flow cytometry. Moreover, real‐time quantitative PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were conducted to detect the mRNA and protein expressions in the liver tissues. The results showed that the hepatic steatosis in liver tissues of HFD mice injected with MitoTEMPO was significantly ameliorated. Additionally, MitoTEMPO reduced the frequency of CD11b+Gr‐1+ MDSCs in peripheral circulation and decreased Gr‐1+ cell accumulation in the livers. Further studies demonstrated that MitoTEMPO administration suppressed the mRNA and protein expressions of MDSC‐associated proinflammatory mediators, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), S100 calcium‐binding protein A8 (S100A8), and S100 calcium‐binding protein A9 (S100A9). Our results suggest that MitoTEMPO appears to be a potential chemical compound affecting certain immune cells and further ameliorates inflammation in obese‐associated NAFLD.
Reimagining Vaccines for Prostate Cancer: Back to the Future
Authors: Shenderov Eugene , Antonarakis Emmanuel S.
Published: July 2020

Given the modest clinical benefits observed with immune checkpoint blockade in advanced prostate cancer, there is a renewed interest in exploring other forms of immunotherapy. Here, the authors report the use of a novel plasmid DNA vaccine encoding the androgen receptor, called pTVG-AR, in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

See related article by Kyriakopoulos et al., p. 5162
Clinical Portrait of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in European Patients with Cancer
Authors: Pinato David J. , Zambelli Alberto , Aguilar-Company Juan , Bower Mark , Sng Christopher C.T. , Salazar Ramon , Bertuzzi Alexia , Brunet Joan , Mesia Ricard , Seguí Elia , Biello Federica , Generali Daniele , Grisanti Salvatore , Rizzo Gianpiero , Libertini Michela , Maconi Antonio , Harbeck Nadia , Vincenzi Bruno , Bertulli Rossella , Ottaviani Diego , Carbó Anna , Bruna Riccardo , Benafif Sarah , Marrari Andrea , Wuerstlein Rachel , Carmona-Garcia M. Carmen , Chopra Neha , Tondini Carlo , Mirallas Oriol , Tovazzi Valeria , Betti Marta , Provenzano Salvatore , Fotia Vittoria , Cruz Claudia Andrea , Dalla Pria Alessia , D'Avanzo Francesca , Evans Joanne S. , Saoudi-Gonzalez Nadia , Felip Eudald , Galazi Myria , Garcia-Fructuoso Isabel , Lee Alvin J.X. , Newsom-Davis Thomas , Patriarca Andrea , García-Illescas David , Reyes Roxana , Dileo Palma , Sharkey Rachel , Wong Yien Ning Sophia , Ferrante Daniela , Marco-Hernández Javier , Sureda Anna , Maluquer Clara , Ruiz-Camps Isabel , Gaidano Gianluca , Rimassa Lorenza , Chiudinelli Lorenzo , Izuzquiza Macarena , Cabirta Alba , Franchi Michela , Santoro Armando , Prat Aleix , Tabernero Josep , Gennari Alessandra , Avanzi Gian Carlo , Bellan Mattia , Castello Luigi Mario , Martinez Maria , Mollà Meritxell , Pirisi Mario , Scotti Lorenza , Swallow Judith
Published: July 2020

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic significantly affected oncology practice across the globe. There is uncertainty as to the contribution of patients' demographics and oncologic features to severity and mortality from COVID-19 and little guidance as to the role of anticancer and anti–COVID-19 therapy in this population. In a multicenter study of 890 patients with cancer with confirmed COVID-19, we demonstrated a worsening gradient of mortality from breast cancer to hematologic malignancies and showed that male gender, older age, and number of comorbidities identify a subset of patients with significantly worse mortality rates from COVID-19. Provision of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy did not worsen mortality. Exposure to antimalarials was associated with improved mortality rates independent of baseline prognostic factors. This study highlights the clinical utility of demographic factors for individualized risk stratification of patients and supports further research into emerging anti–COVID-19 therapeutics in SARS-CoV-2–infected patients with cancer.

Significance:

In this observational study of 890 patients with cancer diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2, mortality was 33.6% and predicted by male gender, age ≥65, and comorbidity burden. Delivery of cancer therapy was not detrimental to severity or mortality from COVID-19. These patients should be the focus of shielding efforts during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1426
Blood Pressure Variability and Outcomes in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Dialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Huihui , Xue Jing , Dai Wenjie , Liao Xiaohua , Zhu Peng , Zhou Qiaoling , Chen Wenhang
Published: July 2020

Objective: Previous studies have suggested that blood pressure variability (BPV) is associated with an increased risk of mortality and cardiovascular events in patients on dialysis. However, the results are inconsistent. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to analyze the association between BPV and outcomes in patients on dialysis. Methods: Articles in Embase, Medline, and Web of Science from the date of inception through January 1, 2020, were identified. The outcomes were all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale tool. Random effects models were used to pool the overall effect sizes. Two reviewers extracted the data independently. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential heterogeneity. Results: Fifteen eligible studies were included, and all enrolled hemodialysis recipients only. The overall risk of bias for the included studies was low. A 1-SD increase in systolic BPV was associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.11–1.26, I2 = 53.8%), cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.10–1.37, I2 = 57.2%), and cardiovascular events (HR = 1.27; 95% CI 1.07–1.51, I2 = 69.3%). Likewise, a 1-SD increase in diastolic BPV was associated with higher HR for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.05–1.23, I2 = 0.0%, and HR = 1.14; 95% CI 0.94–1.38, I2 = 0.0%, respectively). Conclusions: A greater BPV is associated with higher risks of cardiovascular and mortality outcomes in patients on hemodialysis. Further research is required to determine whether BPV may be useful either as a marker enabling individualized treatment of cardiovascular risk or as a treatment target in its own right.
Changes in Quality of Life in Older Hemodialysis Patients: A Cohort Study on Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns
Authors: Ishiwatari Ayumi , Yamamoto Shungo , Fukuma Shingo , Hasegawa Takeshi , Wakai Sachiko , Nangaku Masaomi
Published: July 2020

Background: Despite improvements in dialysis treatment, mortality rates remain high, especially among older hemodialysis patients. Quality of life (QOL) among hemodialysis patients is strongly associated with higher risk of death. This study aimed to describe the health-related QOL and its change in older maintenance hemodialysis patients and to demonstrate characteristics associated with health-related QOL. Methods: Data on 892 maintenance hemodialysis patients aged 60 years or older who were surveyed using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form at baseline and 2 years after study enrollment in phases 4 (2009–2011) and 5 (2012–2014) of the Japanese Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study were analyzed. We categorized participants into 3 age groups (60–69, 70–79, and ≥80 years) and described baseline physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores, as well as their distribution of changes after 2 years across each category. Results: Hemodialysis patients aged 70–79 years and ≥80 years had lower PCS scores than those aged 60–69 years (median: 70–79 years = 43.1; interquartile range [IQR], 35.2–49.4; ≥80 years = 38.8; IQR, 31.6–43.8; 60–69 years = 45.4; IQR, 37.5–51.4; p < 0.001). In contrast, MCS scores did not significantly differ by age category (70–79 years = 45.6; IQR, 38.4–53.7; ≥80 years = 45.4; IQR, 36.9–55.1; 60–69 years = 46.8; IQR, 39.5–55.7; p = 0.1). As dialysis vintage lengthened, the PCS score significantly became lower, whereas no association was found with change in the MCS score. The MCS score declined over time in older patients, especially among those aged 80 years and older after 2 years’ follow-up. Conclusions: Physical QOL became worse as dialysis vintage lengthened. In contrast, mental QOL declined over time within a relatively short period among older maintenance hemodialysis patients.
Progressive Pigmentpurpura: Welche Vorteile Vitamin C oder Rutosid in der Behandlung bieten
Authors: Fölster-Holst Regina
Published: July 2020

Background: Data regarding the course and treatment of pigmented purpuric dermatoses (PPD) in the paediatric population are limited. Although treatments for pigmented purpura are not well established, vitamin C and rutoside have been reported to be an effective treatment option and are widely utilized. Objective: To assess the clinical course and utility of vitamin C and rutoside in paediatric patients with PPD treated at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago between 2008 and 2018. Methods: A retrospective review of all children with PPD managed at our hospital between 2008 and 2018 was performed. Additional follow-up was obtained via telephone interviews. Results: A total of 101 patients met inclusion criteria. The female: male ratio was 1.3 : 1, and the median age at diagnosis was 8.8 years (IQR, 5.7–12.9). Median follow-up was 7.13 months (IQR, 3–17.4). The most common PPD subtypes were lichen aureus (43%) and Schamberg (34%). Fifty-three (52%) patients had evaluable follow-up documentation via their medical record or phone questionnaire. Twenty-eight patients were treated with vitamin C or rutoside or combination therapy. Twenty-five patients received no treatment. Clearance of the rash was noted in 24 (45.3%) patients overall, including 10 (42%) patients in the treated group and 14 (58%) patients in the untreated group. Recurrence was noted in seven (13.2%) patients. Treatment with vitamin C and/or rutoside was well tolerated without side effects. None of the patients were subsequently diagnosed with vasculitis, coagulopathy or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Conclusion: Pigmented purpuric dermatosis in children is a benign disorder with high rates of complete resolution. Treatment with vitamin C and rutoside is well tolerated, but in this cohort, there did not appear to be an advantage over watchful waiting without therapy.
Notas sobre Uma dramaturgia da violência: os filmes de João Canijo
Authors: Cardoso Eduardo Prado
Published: July 2020

Interessada nas representações da identidade portuguesa a partir dos filmes do cineasta João Canijo, a obra Uma dramaturgia da violência oferece uma revisão da literatura no campo dos estudos identitários nacionais, com destaque para conceitos dos filósofos Eduardo Lourenço e José Gil. A partir disso e de análises narrativas e estéticas de oito longas-metragens de ficção e um documentário de Canijo, é teorizada uma “dramaturgia da violência” como reflexo de um Portugal contemporâneo.
Interações do audiovisual e processos de criação: um campo de experimentação
Authors: Dias Wagner Miranda , Salles Cecília Almeida
Published: July 2020

Este artigo propõe uma discussão sobre a experimentação do audiovisual na contemporaneidade. Suas interações com os processos de criação e as artes cênicas são discutidas a partir dos projetos artísticos do documentarista Evaldo Mocarzel e do artista do corpo Roberto Alencar. Trata-se de estudo inserido em campo mais amplo de pesquisa, que propõe uma abordagem para a grande diversidade de manifestações artísticas sob a perspectiva de seus modos de produção: crítica de processos de criação. Apresentam-se, mais especificamente, reflexões teóricas sobre algumas questões que envolvem a produção contemporânea, incluindo a exploração de arquivos e as diferentes relações entre processo e obra.
Da ópera para o cinema, do cinema para a ópera: a arte do ator-cantor
Authors: Alvim Luíza Beatriz , Maron Diana
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo, consideramos o aspecto da atuação no cinema silencioso de estrelas da ópera com o objetivo de trazer questionamentos sobre uma possível influência das experiências desses artistas em sua atuação operística no sentido de um maior naturalismo. Colocando a atuação nos palcos dentro de uma esfera mais ampla, estudamos o “pictorialismo” (as poses), comum no teatro não musicado do final do século XIX e adotado também na ópera. Para nossas reflexões, usamos um caso com boa documentação de exibição cinematográfica, o da estrela do Metropolitan Opera House, a soprano Geraldine Farrar, como Carmen, no filme homônimo de 1915 de Cecil B. DeMille.
Fabular é aprender a morrer: As intermitências da morte, de José Saramago
Authors: Lachat Marcelo
Published: July 2020

Em As intermitências da morte, obra de José Saramago publicada em 2005, relata-se uma fábula paródica, irônica e alegórica, cuja personagem central é a própria morte, ou melhor, a “pequena morte cotidiana” das pessoas de um país não nomeado. Tal relato se inicia com estas palavras: “No dia seguinte ninguém morreu”. Então, a partir de 1º de janeiro de um ano qualquer, não se morre mais naquele país. Assim, para discutir essa obra, propõe-se desenvolver neste artigo algo que ela mesma insinua: sua relação com o capítulo XX do livro I, dos Ensaios de Montaigne, intitulado “Que filosofar é aprender a morrer”. Pretende-se mostrar, enfim, que, nessa “inverídica história sobre as intermitências da morte”, fabular é aprender a morrer.
Osteoporose
Authors: Souza Silvia Mazzali Jorge de , Battistella Linamara Rizzo
Published: July 2020

Osteoporose constitui uma desordem metabólica do osso muito mais do que uma doença estabelecida. Leva a enfraquecimento da estrutura mineral óssea, com predisposição para fraturas do osso trabecular e cortical principalmente dos corpos vertebrais, punhos e fêmur. Pacientes com predisposição ao desenvolvimento de osteoporose devem ser identificados precocemente nos consultórios dos diversos especialistas e orientados precocemente para garantir uma massa óssea de ótima densidade mineral ao longo de toda vida. O objetivo deste trabalho é reunir o que existe de mais novo em diagnóstico e tratamento de osteoporose.
Before and after enforcement of GDPR
Authors: Puljak Livia , Mladinić Anamarija , Iphofen Ron , Koporc Zvonimir
Published: July 2020

Introduction
The European Union’s (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was put in force on 25th May 2018. It is not known how many personal data protection requests the national authority in Croatia had received before and after GDPR, and how many of those were related to research.
Materials and methods
We obtained data from the Croatian Personal Data Protection Agency (CPDPA) about requests/complaints related to personal data protection that were received specifically from academic/research institutions, specifically the number and type of all cases/requests between the years 2015-2019.
Results
In 2018, CPDPA had a dramatic increase in the number of requests in the post-GDPR period, compared to the pre-GDPR period of the same year. In 2019, CPDPA received 2718 requests/complaints; less than in the year 2018. From 2015 to 2019, CPDPA received only 37 requests related to research.
Conclusions
Very few requests about personal data protection from academic and research institutions in Croatia were submitted to the national Croatian data protection authority. Future studies could explore whether researchers have sufficient awareness and knowledge about personal data protection related to research, to adequately implement the GDPR regulations.