bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
JARGON DALAM INTERAKSI SOSIAL BAHASA SASAK OLEH SISWA MAN LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Muhsan Muhsan
Published: March 2018

This research described the use of jargon in social interaction of Sasak language. The researcher evoked the issue on forms, function and meaning of jargon used by students of MAN Gerung, West Lombok regency.  This research is a descriptive research that used qualitative approach. The techniques of data collection were observation and documentation. The data were analyzed through specific linguistic feature based on linguistic attitude. The results were summarized as follows: 1) forms of jargon were found in terms of word and phrase forms, 2) the functions of jargon were for communicative simplicity, identiying function and milieu restoration. While the meaning of the data jargon jargon MAN Gerung students varies based on the students' understanding.
ALIH KODE DALAM INTERKASI DI LINGKUNGAN PONDOK PESANTREN ULIL ALBAAB: KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK
Authors: Wahidah Baiq Yulia Kurnia , Djatmika Djatmika , Marmanto Sri
Published: March 2018

This research describes the use of code switching into four domains and the code switching form in the Ulil Albab boarding schools Sasak. This study applied qualitative approach and used sociolinguistics as the basis of interpretation. Subject of this study were santri and teachers in the pesantren.  The primary data were observed from the classroom settings and daily activities in the pesantren, when santri and teachers spoke in four languages: Indonesian, English, Arabic, and Sasak language.  Data were analyzed using  theory of code switching and code mixing from Dell Hymes.  The study revealed  that code switching occurred 138 tokens and  conversation appeared at 75%. Code switching was used as to give better comprehension to partnered-speaker.
SOCIAL PROBLEMS AS REFLECTED IN THE PREMAN, ANTHOLOGY OF THE SHORT STORY BY TIWIEK SA
Authors: Purboasri Galih Dwi , Saddhono Kundharu , Suyitno Suyitno
Published: March 2018

This study analyzed social problems as reflected in the Preman, an anthology of short story by Tiwiek SA.  The social problems were encountered in the attitudes the characters of the stories occured.  The study used ontent analysis that use psycholinguistics as an analysis of a literary work.  Sources of the study was an anthology consisting of six short stories.  The study revealed that social conflict in the story reflected problems in social daily live where Javanese community normally faced. The problems include: thuggery, clashes, greedines, infidelity, prostitution, economy, and social inequality.  Themes of good and bad conducts also appeared as performed by the primary characters.
ILLOCUTION IN SPEECH ACTS BY FOREIGN STUDENTS IN INDONESIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSES
Authors: Budiasih Latifah Tri , Andayani Andayani , Rohmadi Muhammad
Published: March 2018

This research explores illocution in speech acts by foreign students in Indonesian as a Foreign Language classes at Sebelas Maret University. Illocution is a speech that shows the state of language relating to the situation in general and more free and aims to express something from the speaker to the partner. This research aims to describe the forms of student illocution in Indonesian Language classes. This study used qualitative approach with naturalistic design. Data were collected using observation, interviews, and document analysis. The data of illocution acts included assertive, declaration, directives, commissive, and expressive in learning activities. The study revealed that students applied assertive, directives, commissive and expressive as their main speech acts during learning Indonesian language in the classroom especially in the oral uses for communications.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SUMMARIZING IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION FOR EFL STUDENTS
Authors: Nurhayati Dwi Astuti Wahyu , Fitriana Maylia Wilda
Published: March 2018

& This  problem highlighted in this study is  the low  of reading comprehension of the students at MTsN Pucanglaban Tulungagung that is caused by (1) the students’ difficulties to understand about meaning in the text; (2) the students’difficulties to read and spell it correctly whether in spoken form or written form.; (3) the lack of vocabulary. The research design in this study was pre-experimental research with one group pre-test post-test design. This design involves only one group by using pre-test and post-test as the instrument. The sample was VIIIA class which consists of 34 students. The result showed that the students’ mean score in teaching reading comprehension before they are taught using summary technique was 84.37. While the students’ mean score after they are taught using summary technique was 90.43. By comparing significant level in t table at 0.05, it is known that t count is bigger than t table.  Summary technique can be used as an alternative teaching technique to teach reading comprehension to the students at JHS level.
INTRINSIC ANALYSIS OF THE SHORT STORIES BY EDGAR ALLAN POE
Authors: Yunhadi Wuwuh
Published: March 2018

This study used qualitative design. The subject of the analysis is the thematic aspect of Edgar Allan Poe's short stories. The main characteristic of Poe's short stories is the existence of what is so called a single emotional effect: all incidents in the story, the words and details that create the incident, must point toward this single, effect. Poe is known as the possessor of one most original imagination (Cline, 1969). Eight Poe's short stories were selected as subjects. The primary source of data is the eight short stories by Edgar Allan Poe. The secondary source of data is criticism, Poe's biographical note, ideas, theories, basic principles, opinions. The subject matters of Edgar Allan Poe's selected short stories. The themes of the short stories are (1) madness brings harm, (2) drinking too much alcohol cause catastrophic, (3) revenge exist even in a close friendship, (4) people are helpless when confronted to God's power, (5) love gets rid of the memory, (6) true friend will always be at our side,  (7) God shows power through miracle and disaster; and (8) mental disorder can be hereditary features.
KARAKTERISTIK PANTUN ACEH
Authors: Harun Mohd.
Published: March 2018

The objective of this study is to describe characteristics of Aceh verse. The description covers: (1) number of verses per couplet, (2) long and short verse, (3) content of verse, and (4) poetical nuance of verse. Data of this study were obtained from document of Aceh’s verse and SMS. The study reveals that each couplet of Aceh verse consists of verses that varies from: 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 verses.  Relying upon its length, Aceh verses may consist of a one-complete sentence verse and some couplets verses or a brief story.  Contents of Aceh verses are classified into: (1) religious verses, (2) advice verses, (3) tradition verses, (4) fate verses, (5) young verses, (6) joke verses, (7) kidding verses, (8) condolences verses, (9) happiness verses, (10) children verses, and (11) seumapa verses.  Based on poetical nuances, a perfect  Aceh’s verse should advice coherent rhymes and rhythms (pakhok and buhu) incorporating intended message, couplets and contents.
NARRATIVE TEXT SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS UNTUK MENUMBUHKAN NILAI MORAL PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Sarwani Ahmad
Published: March 2018

This paper describes how narrative texts are explored as the sources of values for morale development of the learners of SMP levels. Narrative texts that refer to tales or stories described in the finction versions may be written in English or in Bahasa Indonesia the teaching values in the text are relevant to the students’ level of comprehension.  Morale values from the texts are extracted into its teaching including honesty, courtesy, responsibility, perseverance, struggle, religiosity, tolerance, discipline, self-reliance, and work hard.  Selected texts are identified bybthe teacher and instructional objectives are identified in adherence to the competencies and learning outcomes.  Characterustics of good texts including authenticity, complexity of languages and vocabulary selection are crucial in the process.
KEEFEKTIFAN PROGRAM MATRIKULASI BAHASA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN SPEAKING MAHASISWA STAIBN TEGAL
Authors: Kaptiningrum Pindha , Mubarok Zaki
Published: March 2018

This study evaluates English matriculation program at Language Center STAIBN Tegal.  Evaluation focused on (1) objective and process of the matriculation program, (2) progress of speaking ability of the learners, and (3) benefits and obstacles of the program. This study used formative evaluation design whose steps included: defining reasons for the evaluation, selecting evaluation model, identifying source persons, planning components of evaluation,  defining questions for evaluation, planning evaluation design and schedule of implementation, data collection and analysis, and reporting the results.  Data were collected using questionnaire, observation, and interview.  This study revealed that matriculation program needs to be improved its objective and process.  Progress of speaking achievement was salient, indicated by successful implementation of cooperative learning.  Listening, reading and writing were not specified in the program. Benefits of the program indicated that students’ motivation was high, but restricted time allotments, facilities, and curriculum design appeared as chief obstacles.
PEMILIHAN KODE PADA MAHASISWA RIAU DI YOGYAKARTA: KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK
Authors: Mahsusi Juni , Djatmika Djatmika , Marmanto Sri
Published: March 2018

This study aims to identify kinds of codes and to uncover the factors that affect the code selection in the interactions among Riau students staying in in Yogyakarta. Sociolinguistic approach is used in this study.  Informants of this study are students from Riau staying in Yogyakarta. This study employed purposive sampling techniques and data were collected using observation, records and interview. The data were analyzed using the communication ethnography techniques adapted from Dell Hymes. The results showed that the first code in the interactions were: Indonesian language, mixing language, Malay language and foreign language, i.e. Arabic and English. The mixing language occurred in terms of code mixing and code switching. The dominant codes are those of Indonesian language and Malay language. Settings, participants, and topics are primary factors why a code is intended to choose.
PROSES MORFOFONEMIK DALAM BAHASA JEPANG
Authors: Nasution Sari Suti H.
Published: March 2018

This study examines process of morphophonemics in Japanese language.  This qualitative study used content analysis as the research design approaching the analysis in qualitative approach.  Corpus of this study included words, phrases, sentences and discourse obtained from the two Japanese texts for children: minna no nihongo and Japenese films. Data were analyzed using interactive model: reduction, display, verification and conclusion drawing implementing morphophonemics theory of Koizumi.  The study revealed that  morphophonemics as a process order between morphology and phonology of a language occured in the Japanese texts for children stiries and the films: including  fuka, sakujo, chikau, zero setsuji.
PENGETAHUAN PASANGAN USIA SUBUR (PUS) TENTANG KANKER SERVIKS
Authors: Ari Shanti Elvika Fit , Zholekhah Dewi
Published: March 2018

Background:Cervical cancer is a type of malignancy disease that is often found among women in Indonesia. It has a relatively high frequency until 25.6%. According to the Ministry of Health, there are about 100 cases per 100 thousand population or 200 thousand cases annually, and the cases of cervical cancer in Central Java increase year to year. The high mortality rate of cervical cancer in Indosnesia due to the lack of general knowledge about the dangers of cancer, the early signs of cancer, the risks factors for cancer, the ways to overcome it correctly, as well as to familiarize themselves with a healthy lifestyle. The treatment as early as possible is an important thing by giving counseling and information about Cervical Cancer. It is one of promoted action to prevent and reduce the cervical cancer. The long-term goal of this research is to analyze and explore health issues within the scope of midwifery.

Objectif This study has the specific purpose of analyzing the effect of health education on maternal

knowledge about Cervical Cancer In the village of Tambakrejo, Tempel, Sleman, Yogyakarta. This study is a part of an effort to deepen the understanding of health knowledge among the community, especially in the obstetrics field.

Result : This study is a quasi-experimental approach to one group pre-test to post-test design. The populations in this study are all couples of reproductive age in the village of Tambakrejo, Tempel, Sleman Yogyakarta.

Conclusion The statistical test used is paired samples test. The research results show that there are differences in knowledge before and after giving health education about cervical cancer (p = 0.0001 <0.05). The knowledge of cervical cancer when pre-test with a category is 3% increased to 37% at post-test. Health education provides increase the knowledge of cervical cancer among the fertile age couples.

Keywords: Health Education, knowledge, Cervical Cancer
KESIAPAN SUAMI SEBAGAI PENDAMPING PERSALINAN DI PUSKESMAS PLERET KABUPATEN BANTUL YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Eka Noviana Rizky , Puspitasari Dian
Published: March 2018

Background: On the third trimester of pregnancy, stressors of mother, her husband and family will increasedue to their physical and emotional preparations. Social support is very important for mother prior to labor. Husband’s companion in delivery process is perceived very significant. World Health Organization (WHO) suggested that the companion in delivery processis a mother’s choice. In Indonesia 68% delivery are not accompanied by husband. A companion, in particular a significant personduring the process of delivery can shortenthe delivery period, decrease the pain level, lessen the laceration and promote APGAR’s score.

Aim: To explore husbands’ readiness as companion in delivery process at Puskesmas Pleret, Bantulregency.

Method: This research was a descriptivequantitative research. Samples in the research were chosen with a quota sampling method, consisted of 37 husbands of trimester III mothers and fit in with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected with a closed questionnaire and were analyzed with univariate analysis.

Result: The majority of respondents were ready as companions in stage I, stage II, stage III and stage IV of the delivery process (86.5%, 70.3%, 91.9%, and 83.8%, respectively).

Conclusion: The majority of husbands wereready to accompanythe delivery process at Puskesmas Pleret, Bantul regency(70,3% respondents).

Keywords: readiness, companion of delivery.
FILM PENDEK ALAT PENGKAJIAN KESEHATAN KELUARGA KHON KAEN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Suwarno Suwarno , Jongudomkarn DaruneeJongudomkarn
Published: March 2018

Background:Family health care in family nursing is focused on a holistic health care view. A holistic health carewill be achieved if the family health nursing care is properly executed. The continuing education is appropriate to increase the family health assessment application and understanding. It consists of training programs, which might take advantage of a video as a learning media.

Objective:The objective of the study was to produce the KKU FHA tool short movie based on the 3 phases; pre-production, production and post-production.

Methods:Five nursing educators reviewed the video and evaluateit with a form in a Likert scale.

Result: This video was in MOV format, sized1.12 GB, the picture size was 1280x720, codec H.264, AAC,

length of time was 16.53 minutes and could be opened in smartphone andcomputer. The mean score of the evaluation form was 3.6 for the quality of sound and 4.8 for the benefit of the video. The total mean score was 45.8 out of55.

Conclusion:The KKU FHA tool short video was appropriate and could be implemented ina try-out or a training program, and couldalsobe developed and improvedto achieve the best quality of sound and picture.

Keywords: family health assessment, KKU FHA Tool, training, short movie
ONSET PENGELUARAN KOLOSTRUM PADA IBU POST PARTUM DENGAN PERSALINAN NORMALVLEBIH CEPAT DARIPADAVPERSALINAN SECTIO CAESARIA
Authors: Kause Maria NSW , Trisetiyaningsih Yanita , Sukmawati Anastasia Suci
Published: March 2018

Background : Lactation onset is a term of multiplying breast milk until the release of breast milk for the first time or mothers’ perception on when her breast milk will be released which is marked by a bit hard breast, inflammed, and full of breast milk or the release of colostrum. Colostrum is the first liquid secreted by breast milk gland since the first day until the fourth day. One of factors which influences lactation onset is labor method and early breastfeeding initiation (IMD). Mothers who undergo sectio caesaria surgery will feel painful and the effect of prolonged usage of anesthesia so that early breastfeeding initiation cannot be implemented compared to mothers with normal labors and the usage of anesthesia which slows down lactation onset.

Objective : To find out the difference between colostrum releasing onset in post partum mothers with normal labors and sectio caesaria in Panembahan Senopati General Hospital, Bantul. Method : The design of this study was cross sectional. The number of samples were 80 respondents selected with purposive sampling technique. Study instrument was observational sheets. Data analysis applied Mann-Whitney test.

Result : The majority of respondents who had normal labors and sectio caesaria experienced different colostrum onset. In normal labors, the time of colostrum release was 1 day. In sectio caesaria labors, the time of colostrum release was 2 days. The average duration of post partum mothers with normal labors was 13,6 hours and post partum mothers with sectio caesaria was 22,6 hours. The result of Mann-Whitney test was that there was a difference between colostrum release onset of post partum mothers with normal labors and sectio caesaria with p value 0,001 (p<0,05) which implied that Ho was rejected.

Conclusion : Normal labors and sectio caesaria labors had different colostrum onset.

 

Keyword : Colostrum, Normal labors, Sectio Caesaria labors.
Effectiveness of Early Treatment with Steroids in Outcome of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. A study from Western Nepal
Authors: Rai Shiwani , Koirala Krishna , Sherpa Pema
Published: March 2018

Objective: To study the effect of early versus delayed treatment of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL) in hearing outcome.Material and Methods: A retrospective study of patients with SSNHL was done from October 2012 to October 2014 to study the effect of early versus late treatment in hearing outcome in ENT department of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. Patients receiving treatment within 3 days of onset of symptoms were placed in early treatment group (ET) and those receiving treatment after 3 but within 7 days were placed in late treatment group (LT). Hearing outcome was assessed using pure tone average (PTA) and was carried out at presentation and then at 3,7,14 and 30 days after treatment. A mixed between and within- subject design ANOVA test was used to analyze the results using SPSS 20.0.Results: There were 29 patients in ET group and 25 patients in LT group. Mean age of the study population was 36.37 years (SD=7.868). The M:F ratio was 0.39:1. There was a significant interaction between time and treatment group, Wilk’s Lambda= 0.382, F (1.52, 79.196) = 19.83, p <0.001, partial eta squared =0.541. There was a substantial main effect of time, F (1.52, 79.196)= 180.36, p <0.001, partial eta squared = 0.776 suggesting significant improvement of hearing levels with time. The main effect comparing early and late treatment groups was also significant, F (1,52)= 5.799, p=0.02, partial eta squared = 0.100 suggesting significant difference in hearing levels in between the two treatment groups.Conclusion: Onset of treatment after the initial symptom significantly affects the outcome of hearing improvement in SSNHL. There are higher chances of improving if treatment is started within 3 days of onset of symptoms.
Audiological Outcomes of Stapedotomy: Our Experience
Authors: Pradhananga R. , Nair G. , Sapathkumar R. , Kameswaran M.
Published: March 2018

Objective: This study was aimed to sequentially document the patient’s audiological improvement after stapedotomy as measured by pure tone audiometry.Material and Methods: This prospective clinical study was performed in a total of 100 patients (age range: 20 – 63 years), diagnosed with Otosclerosis who underwent Stapedotomy at the Department of Otology, Madras ENT Research Foundation, Chennai between September 2010 to March 2012. Pre-operative and Post-operative audiometric evaluation was done using the same conventional pure tone audiometer with standard calibrations. Post-operative audiometry was sequentially performed at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. Bone-conduction and air conduction thresholds and the Air-bone gap (ABG), were assessed at each schedule at 0.5 KHz, 1 KHz, 2 KHz and 4 KHz frequencies respectively.Result: All patients had significant audiological improvement as measured by their sequential pure tone audiometries. Overall, the frequency specific pre-operative mean average Air-Bone gap was 52.3dB at 500Hz, 36.5dB at 1KHz, 39.3dB at 2KHz, 38.7dB at 4KHz and the frequency specific postoperative mean average Air-Bone Gap closure was achieved by 27.8dB at 500Hz, 29.6dB at 1KHz, 13.6dB at 2KHz, 11.4dB at 4KHz, by the time of 2 years of follow up. A successful closure of AB gap >10dB was achieved in these speech frequencies in 80% of cases. The frequency specific bone-conduction thresholds were unchanged postoperatively. Two patients developed post-operative vertigo, out of which 1 developed SNHL after 3 weeks of surgery.Conclusion: The study confirms that stapedotomy is a safe and successful procedure in the hands of a well trained otologist, providing long-term hearing improvement to patients with otosclerosis.
No Relationship of Anti-Androgens to Alzheimer’s Disease or Cognitive Disorder in the MedWatch Database
Authors: Lehrer Steven , Rheinstein Peter H. , Rosenzweig Kenneth E.
Published: March 2018

Background:

Two large studies suggest that risk is not increased. But other studies have found increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease and impaired cognition.

Objective:

To determine whether androgen deprivation therapy increases the risk of impaired cognition or Alzheimer’s disease in men with prostate cancer.

Methods:

We used data from MedWatch, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program. Machine-readable data from MedWatch, including adverse drug reaction reports from manufacturers, are part of a public database. We used the online tool OpenVigil 2.1 to query the database. OpenVigil calculates proportional reporting ratios (PRRs) from adverse drug reaction reports to determine whether the combination of drug and adverse event are related. For example, PRR = 2 indicates that the adverse reaction is two times more frequent in users of the drug than in the general population.

Results:

We analyzed adverse event reporting data for these androgen-deprivation drugs: The luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists leuprolide, goserelin triptorelin, histrelin; the anti-androgens flutamide, nilutamide, enzalutamide, and bicalutamide; the LHRH antagonist degarelix; the CYP17 inhibitor abiraterone; the anti-fungal ketoconazole, which is also an anti-androgen administered to men with advanced prostate cancer.

Conclusion:

Our analysis of FDA MedWatch adverse event data reports does not support the idea that androgen deprivation therapy per se is associated with Alzheimer’s disease or cognitive dysfunction. Perhaps the prostate cancer itself, or the stress it imposes on the man who has it, may be detrimental to mood and intellect, increasing susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive disorder.
Wind Resource Assessment in the Southern Plains of the US: Characterizing Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation with Cluster Analysis
Authors: Dong Li
Published: March 2018

A new approach for wind resource assessment in the Southern Plains of the US is proposed here. This new approach establishes the baseline frequency of occurrence of large-scale atmospheric circulations (weather regimes) by cluster analysis, using 38-yr NCEP-NCAR reanalysis daily data from 1979–2016. These baseline frequency values can help quantify the departure of wind resource from the long-term mean for a given month. In specific, two scenarios featuring favorable and unfavorable wind energy productions in the Callahan Divide Energy Center of Texas, US, are evaluated by the new approach of wind resource assessment in details. For the favorable scenario, it is found that the jet stream is configured to enhance the southwesterly flow over the Southern Plains, with a frequency of occurrence being nearly three times of the baseline frequency, whereas for the unfavorable scenario, the jet stream is found to suppress the low-level jet over the Southern Plains, with a frequency of occurrence being more than twice the baseline frequency. Hence, the new approach is proven to provide an objective and more efficient way in conducting wind resource assessment.
An Abstract Result on Projective Aggregation Functions
Authors: Candeal Juan
Published: March 2018

A general characterization result of projective aggregation functions is shown, the proof of which makes use of the celebrated Arrow’s theorem, thus providing a link between aggregation functions theory and social choice theory. The result can be viewed as a generalization of a theorem obtained by Kim (1990) for real-valued aggregation functions defined on the n-dimensional Euclidean space in the context of measurement theory. In addition, two applications of the core theorem of the article are shown. The first is a simple extension of the main result to the context of multi-valued aggregation functions. The second offers a new characterization of projective bijection aggregators, thus connecting aggregation operators theory with social choice.
Biosensor-Based Approaches for Detecting Ochratoxin A and 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole in Beverages
Authors: Mavrikou Sophia , Kintzios Spyridon
Published: March 2018

Mycotoxins and haloanisoles are secondary metabolites produced under special conditions of temperature and humidity by fungi colonizing a variety of commodities from preharvest up to consumer use. Ochratoxin A and 2,4,6-trichloanisole are produced mainly by species of the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium. Ochratoxin A exhibits nephrotic effects and can, potentially, be associated with human carcinogenesis, whereas 2,4,6-trichloanisole is primarily responsible for cork taint in wines. This review provides an overview of recent advances in biosensor technology for the determination of the aforementioned compounds in wine, beer and other beverages, as well as cork stoppers, which help in establishing and carrying out proper product quality-management strategies. Such a detailed investigation of biosensor-based detection methods of these toxic compounds in beverages could lead to the provision of safe-to-consume products, and allow the prioritization of future research efforts.
Optical Conductivity in a Two-Dimensional Extended Hubbard Model for an Organic Dirac Electron System α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3
Authors: Ohki Daigo , Matsuno Genki , Omori Yukiko , Kobayashi Akito
Published: March 2018

The optical conductivity in the charge order phase is calculated in the two-dimensional extended Hubbard model describing an organic Dirac electron system α -(BEDT-TTF) 2 I 3 using the mean field theory and the Nakano-Kubo formula. Because the interband excitation is characteristic in a two-dimensional Dirac electron system, a peak structure is found above the charge order gap. It is shown that the peak structure originates from the Van Hove singularities of the conduction and valence bands, where those singularities are located at a saddle point between two Dirac cones in momentum space. The frequency of the peak structure exhibits drastic change in the vicinity of the charge order transition.
Epigenomics of Plant Responses to Environmental Stress
Authors: Kumar Suresh
Published: March 2018

Genome-wide epigenetic changes in plants are being reported during development and environmental stresses, which are often correlated with gene expression at the transcriptional level. The sum total of the biochemical changes in nuclear DNA, post-translational modifications in histone proteins and variations in the biogenesis of non-coding RNAs in a cell is known as an epigenome. These changes are often responsible for variation in the expression of the gene without any change in the underlying nucleotide sequence. The changes might also cause variation in chromatin structure resulting in the changes in function/activity of the genome. The epigenomic changes are dynamic with respect to the endogenous and/or environmental stimuli, which affect phenotypic plasticity of the organism. Both the epigenetic changes and variation in gene expression might return to the pre-stress state soon after the withdrawal of the stress. However, a part of the epigenetic changes may be retained, which is reported to play a role in acclimatization and adaptation as well as in the evolutionary process. Probable exploitation of epigenome-engineering for improved stress tolerance in plants has become essential for better utilization of the genetic resources. This review delineates the importance of epigenomics towards the possible improvement of plant responses to environmental stresses for climate resilient agriculture.
The Microbial Diversity of Sherry Wines
Authors: Cordero-Bueso Gustavo , Ruiz-Muñoz Marina , González-Moreno Mónica , Chirino Salvador , Bernal-Grande María , Cantoral Jesús
Published: March 2018

The principal role of wine yeast is to transform efficiently the grape-berries’ sugars to ethanol, carbon dioxide, and other metabolites, without the production of off-flavors. Wine yeast strains are able to ferment musts, while other commercial or laboratory strains fail to do so. The genetic differences that characterize wine yeast strains in contrast to the biological ageing of the veil-forming yeasts in Sherry wines are poorly understood. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains frequently exhibit rather specific phenotypic features needed for adaptation to a special environment, like fortified wines with ethanol up to 15% (v/v), known as Sherry wines. Factors that affect the correct development of the veil of flor during ageing are also reviewed, along with the related aspects of wine composition, biofilm formation processes, and yeast autolysis. This review highlights the importance of yeast ecology and yeast metabolic reactions in determining Sherry wine quality and the wealth of untapped indigenous microorganisms co-existing with the veil-forming yeast strains. It covers the complexity of the veil forming wine yeasts’ genetic features, and the genetic techniques often used in strain selection and monitoring during fermentation or biological ageing. Finally, the outlook for new insights to protect and to maintain the microbiota of the Sherry wines will be discussed.
The Effect of CO2 Phase on Oil Displacement in a Sandstone Core Sample
Authors: Al-Zaidi Ebraheam , Fan Xianfeng , Edlmann Katriona
Published: March 2018

CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers and hydrocarbon reservoirs is a promising strategy to reduce CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and/or enhance hydrocarbon production. Change in subsurface conditions of pressure and temperature and CO2 state is likely to have a significant impact on capillary and viscous forces, which, in turn, will have a considerable influence on the injection, migration, displacement, and storage capacity and integrity of CO2 processes. In this study, an experimental investigation has been performed to explore the impact of fluid pressure, temperature, and injection rate, as a function of CO2 phase, on the dynamic pressure evolution and the oil recovery performance of CO2 during oil displacement in a Berea sandstone core sample. The results reveal a considerable impact of the fluid pressure, temperature, and injection rate on the differential pressure profile, cumulative produced volumes, endpoint CO2 relative permeability, and oil recovery; the trend and the size of the changes depend on the CO2 phase as well as the pressure range for gaseous CO2–oil displacement. The residual oil saturation was in the range of around 0.44–0.7; liquid CO2 gave the lowest, and low-fluid-pressure gaseous CO2 gave the highest. The endpoint CO2 relative permeability was in the range of about 0.015–0.657; supercritical CO2 gave the highest, and low-pressure gaseous CO2 gave the lowest. As for increasing fluid pressure, the results indicate that viscous forces were dominant in subcritical CO2 displacements, while capillary forces were dominant in supercritical CO2 displacements. As temperature and CO2 injection rates increase, the viscous forces become more dominant than capillary forces.
Driving Outcomes among Older Adults: A Systematic Review on Racial and Ethnic Differences over 20 Years
Authors: Babulal Ganesh , Williams Monique , Stout Sarah , Roe Catherine
Published: March 2018

The population of older adults (aged 65 years and older) in the United States will become more racially and ethnically diverse in the next three decades. Additionally, the growth of the aging population will come with an expansion in the number of older drivers and an increased prevalence of chronic neurological conditions. A major gap in the aging literature is an almost exclusive focus on homogenous, non-Hispanic white samples of older adults. It is unclear if this extends to the driving literature. A systematic review of SCOPUS, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science examined articles on driving and racial/ethnic differences among older adults. Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria and their results indicate that racial and ethnic minorities face a greater risk for driving reduction, mobility restriction, and driving cessation. The majority of studies compared African Americans to non-Hispanic whites but only examined race as a covariate. Only four studies explicitly examined racial/ethnic differences. Future research in aging and driving research needs to be more inclusive and actively involve different racial/ethnic groups in study design and analysis.
Future Climate Change Impacts on Streamflows of Two Main West Africa River Basins: Senegal and Gambia
Authors: Bodian Ansoumana , Dezetter Alain , Diop Lamine , Deme Abdoulaye , Djaman Koffi , Diop Aliou
Published: March 2018

This research investigated the effect of climate change on the two main river basins of Senegal in West Africa: the Senegal and Gambia River Basins. We used downscaled projected future rainfall and potential evapotranspiration based on projected temperature from six General Circulation Models (CanESM2, CNRM, CSIRO, HadGEM2-CC, HadGEM2-ES, and MIROC5) and two scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) to force the GR4J model. The GR4J model was calibrated and validated using observed daily rainfall, potential evapotranspiration from observed daily temperature, and streamflow data. For the cross-validation, two periods for each river basin were considered: 1961–1982 and 1983–2004 for the Senegal River Basin at Bafing Makana, and 1969–1985 and 1986–2000 for the Gambia River Basin at Mako. Model efficiency is evaluated using a multi-criteria function (Fagg) which aggregates Nash and Sutcliffe criteria, cumulative volume error, and mean volume error. Alternating periods of simulation for calibration and validation were used. This process allows us to choose the parameters that best reflect the rainfall-runoff relationship. Once the model was calibrated and validated, we simulated streamflow at Bafing Makana and Mako stations in the near future at a daily scale. The characteristic flow rates were calculated to evaluate their possible evolution under the projected climate scenarios at the 2050 horizon. For the near future (2050 horizon), compared to the 1971–2000 reference period, results showed that for both river basins, multi-model ensemble predicted a decrease of annual streamflow from 8% (Senegal River Basin) to 22% (Gambia River Basin) under the RCP4.5 scenario. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, the decrease is more pronounced: 16% (Senegal River Basin) and 26% (Gambia River Basin). The Gambia River Basin will be more affected by the climate change.
Cooperating to Compete in the Global Air Cargo Industry: The Case of the DHL Express and Lufthansa Cargo A.G. Joint Venture Airline ‘AeroLogic’
Authors: Baxter Glenn , Srisaeng Panarat
Published: March 2018

This paper presents a case study of the DHL Express and Lufthansa Cargo strategic joint venture cargo airline ‘AeroLogic’, the global air cargo industry’s largest operative joint venture between an airline and a leading international express and logistics provider. The study used a qualitative research approach. The data gathered for the study was examined by document analysis. The strategic analysis of the AeroLogic joint venture was based on the use of Porter’s Five Forces framework. The study found that the AeroLogic joint venture airline has provided synergistic benefits to both partners and has allowed the partners to access new markets and to participate in the evolution of the air cargo industry. The new venture has also enabled both joint venture partners to enhance their competitive position in the global air cargo industry through strengthened service offerings and has provided the partners with increased cargo capacities, a larger route network, and greater frequencies within their own route networks. The study also found that the AeroLogic business model is unique in the air cargo industry. A limitation of the study was that AeroLogic’s annual revenue or freight traffic data was not available. It was, therefore, not possible to analyse the business performance of the joint venture.
The Effects of Body Position on Pelvic Tilt Angles Measured with a Smartphone-Based Navigated Ultrasound System in Symptom-Free Young Adults
Authors: Marques Carlos , Martin Tobias , Fiedler Franziska , Weber Mathias , Lampe Frank , Breul Viktor , Kozak Josef
Published: March 2018

The study aimed to investigate whether pelvic tilt (PT) angles differ between the supine and upright position in symptom-free young adults. Additionally, the concurrent validity of the measurement system was tested on a pelvis phantom against a digital inclinometer. A new smartphone-based navigated ultrasound system was used to perform the measurements. The sample consisted of 12 symptom-free young adults. A multivariate regression model was used to analyze the data. The subjects’ pelvis in supine position was significantly more tilted anteriorly (mean PT = −7.3°, 95% C.I.: −10.6 to −3.9) than in upright position (mean PT = 0.8°, 95% C.I.: −2.5 to 4.1) (mean. diff. 8.1°; p < 0.001). Rater and trial order had no significant effects on the measured PT angles (p = 0.5). The accuracy of the system when measuring PT angles on the pelvis phantom was 0.3° (0.1° to 0.7°) and 0.2° (−0.09° to 0.6°) for the supine and upright positions respectively. Pelvic tilt angles differed significantly between the supine and the upright position in symptom-free young adults. Concurrent validity showed no differences for measurements in the upright position and small (under 0.4°) significant differences for measurements in the supine position.
An Alternative Approach to Simulating an Entire Particle Erosion Experiment
Authors: Spaltmann Dirk , Woydt Mathias
Published: March 2018

Solid particle erosion affects many areas, such as dust or volcanic ash in areo-engines. The development of protective materials and surface engineering is costly and time consuming. A lot of effort has been placed into the advancement of models to speed up this process. Finite element or discrete element-based models are quite successful in predicting single or multiple impacts. However, they reach their limit if an entire erosion experiment is to be simulated. Therefore, in the present work, an approach is presented which combines various aspects of the former models with probability considerations. It is used to simulate the impact of more than one billion Alumina particles onto a steel substrate. This approach permits the simulation of an entire erosion experiment on an average PC (i5-2520M CPU@2.5 GHz processor, 4 GB main memory) within about six hours. The respective predictions of wear scar and impact-mass/mass-loss curve are compared to the real experiment.
Experimental Study on the Fire Performance of Tubular Steel Columns with Membrane Protections for Prefabricated and Modular Steel Construction
Authors: Zhang Xin , Peng Lei , Ni Zhao-peng , Ni Tian-xiao , Huang Yi-liang , Zhou Yang
Published: March 2018

Experimental research was conducted to study the fire resistance of steel tubular columns used in prefabricated and modular construction. In order to achieve high-efficient prefabrication and fast on-site installation, membrane protections using board products and thermal insulation blankets are adopted as the favorable protection method. Three protected tubular columns were tested in a full-scale column furnace with axial load applied. The study variables were different membranes, including fiber reinforced calcium silicate (FRCS) boards, rock wool and aluminum silica (Fiberfrax) insulations. The results suggest that one layer of 12 mm FRCS board with rock wool insulation has insufficient fire protection. However, steel columns protected with two layers of 12 mm FRCS boards with insulation appeared to have good fire resistances and could achieve a fire resistance rating as high as 2.5~3.0 h.
Topology Optimization of Passive Micromixers Based on Lagrangian Mapping Method
Authors: Guo Yuchen , Xu Yifan , Deng Yongbo , Liu Zhenyu
Published: March 2018

This paper presents an optimization-based design method of passive micromixers for immiscible fluids, which means that the Peclet number infinitely large. Based on topology optimization method, an optimization model is constructed to find the optimal layout of the passive micromixers. Being different from the topology optimization methods with Eulerian description of the convection-diffusion dynamics, this proposed method considers the extreme case, where the mixing is dominated completely by the convection with negligible diffusion. In this method, the mixing dynamics is modeled by the mapping method, a Lagrangian description that can deal with the case with convection-dominance. Several numerical examples have been presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Anti-Amyloid Aggregation Activity of Black Sesame Pigment: Toward a Novel Alzheimer’s Disease Preventive Agent
Authors: Panzella Lucia , Eidenberger Thomas , Napolitano Alessandra
Published: March 2018

Black sesame pigment (BSP) represents a low cost, easily accessible material of plant origin exhibiting marked antioxidant and heavy metal-binding properties with potential as a food supplement. We report herein the inhibitory properties of the potentially bioaccessible fraction of BSP following simulated gastrointestinal digestion against key enzymes involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). HPLC analysis indicated that BSP is transformed under the pH conditions mimicking the intestinal environment and the most abundant of the released compounds was identified as vanillic acid. More than 80% inhibition of acetylcholinesterase-induced aggregation of the β-amyloid Aβ1-40 was observed in the presence of the potentially bioaccessible fraction of BSP, which also efficiently inhibited self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation and β-secretase (BACE-1) activity, even at high dilution. These properties open new perspectives toward the use of BSP as an ingredient of functional food or as a food supplement for the prevention of AD.
Synthesis of Nanometer Sized Bis- and Tris-trityl Model Compounds with Different Extent of Spin–Spin Coupling
Authors: Jassoy J. , Meyer Andreas , Spicher Sebastian , Wuebben Christine , Schiemann Olav
Published: March 2018

Tris(2,3,5,6-tetrathiaaryl)methyl radicals, so-called trityl radicals, are emerging as spin labels for distance measurements in biological systems based on Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). Here, the synthesis and characterization of rigid model systems carrying either two or three trityl moieties is reported. The monofunctionalized trityl radicals are connected to the molecular bridging scaffold via an esterification reaction employing the Mukaiyama reagent 2-chloro-methylpyridinium iodide. The bis- and tris-trityl compounds exhibit different inter-spin distances, strength of electron–electron exchange and dipolar coupling and can give rise to multi-spin effects. They are to serve as benchmark systems in comparing EPR distance measurement methods.
Diabetes Drug Discovery: hIAPP1–37 Polymorphic Amyloid Structures as Novel Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Fernández-Gómez Isaac , Sablón-Carrazana Marquiza , Bencomo-Martínez Alberto , Domínguez Guadalupe , Lara-Martínez Reyna , Altamirano-Bustamante Nelly , Jiménez-García Luis , Pasten-Hidalgo Karina , Castillo-Rodríguez Rosa , Altamirano Perla , Marrero Suchitil , Revilla-Monsalve Cristina , Valdés-Sosa Peter , Salamanca-Gómez Fabio , Garrido-Magaña Eulalia , Rodríguez-Tanty Chryslaine , Altamirano-Bustamante Myriam
Published: March 2018

Human islet amyloid peptide (hIAPP1–37) aggregation is an early step in Diabetes Mellitus. We aimed to evaluate a family of pharmaco-chaperones to act as modulators that provide dynamic interventions and the multi-target capacity (native state, cytotoxic oligomers, protofilaments and fibrils of hIAPP1–37) required to meet the treatment challenges of diabetes. We used a cross-functional approach that combines in silico and in vitro biochemical and biophysical methods to study the hIAPP1–37 aggregation-oligomerization process as to reveal novel potential anti-diabetic drugs. The family of pharmaco-chaperones are modulators of the oligomerization and fibre formation of hIAPP1–37. When they interact with the amino acid in the amyloid-like steric zipper zone, they inhibit and/or delay the aggregation-oligomerization pathway by binding and stabilizing several amyloid structures of hIAPP1–37. Moreover, they can protect cerebellar granule cells (CGC) from the cytotoxicity produced by the hIAPP1–37 oligomers. The modulation of proteostasis by the family of pharmaco-chaperones A–F is a promising potential approach to limit the onset and progression of diabetes and its comorbidities.