bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiência do Hospital Haroldo Juaçaba com Reconstrução Utilizando Retalhos Miocutâneos em Cirurgia para Tratamento do Câncer de Pênis locorregionalmente Avançado
Authors: Alencar Barreira Márcio , De Oliveira Lima Lucas , Alves Júnior Josualdo Justino , Gonzaga Silva Lúcio Flávio , Alves Lima Marcos Venício
Published: April 2020

Introdução: O Brasil e um país que apresenta uma alta incidência em câncer de pênis. Geralmente o diagnóstico dessa afecção e feito no curso inicial da doença, porém 1/3 dos pacientes se apresentam com doença local ou regional avançada. Em casos onde ocorrem ressecções extensas com grande perda de substância, pode ser necessária a utilização de retalhos músculo cutâneos. Objetivo: Identificar quais os tipos de retalhos mais utilizados e as principais complicações na reconstrução de defeitos complexos pós-cirurgia para câncer de pênis locorregionalmente avançado em um centro de referência brasileiro. Método: Estudo retrospectivo, observacional e descritivo. População de 243 pacientes atendidos com diagnóstico de câncer de pênis no Hospital Haroldo Juaçaba, entre janeiro de 2000 e setembro de 2010. Amostra de 35 pacientes que necessitaram de reconstrução com retalho muscular. Resultados: O retalho utilizando o músculo reto abdominal foi o mais usado (57,2%), seguido pelo fáscia lata (31,4%) e grácilis (11,4%). As complicações precoces mais comuns foram infecção de sitio cirúrgico (37,1%) e deiscência parcial do retalho (37,1%). As complicações tardias mais comuns foram linfedema crônico (32,3%) e edema de bolsa escrotal (29,4%). Conclusão: O retalho miocutâneo do músculo reto abdominal foi o mais utilizado e mostrou-se seguro. Essa e as demais técnicas utilizadas resultaram em expressivas taxas de morbidade, porém sem comprometer a viabilidade do retalho.
A Review of Hybrid Indoor Positioning Systems Employing WLAN Fingerprinting and Image Processing
Authors: Firdaus Firdaus , Azurati Ahmad Noor , Sahibuddin Shamsul
Published: April 2020

Location-based services (LBS) are a significant permissive technology. One of the main components in indoor LBS is the indoor positioning system (IPS). IPS utilizes many existing technologies such as radio frequency, images, acoustic signals, as well as magnetic sensors, thermal sensors, optical sensors, and other sensors that are usually installed in a mobile device. The radio frequency technologies used in IPS are WLAN, Bluetooth, Zig Bee, RFID, frequency modulation, and ultra-wideband. This paper explores studies that have combined WLAN fingerprinting and image processing to build an IPS. The studies on combined WLAN fingerprinting and image processing techniques are divided based on the methods used. The first part explains the studies that have used WLAN fingerprinting to support image positioning. The second part examines works that have used image processing to support WLAN fingerprinting positioning. Then, image processing and WLAN fingerprinting are used in combination to build IPS in the third part. A new concept is proposed at the end for the future development of indoor positioning models based on WLAN fingerprinting and supported by image processing to solve the effect of people presence around users and the user orientation problem.
La economía social en la descentralización de las políticas sociales : experiencia de los estados del bienestar europeos.
Authors: Castro Vadillo Nelly Julia , Barroso González María , Flores Ruíz David
Published: April 2020

Uno de los enfoques que surgen para hacer frente a la crisis del estado de bienestar en la década de los años 80, es el denominado Enfoque Pluralista del Estado de Bienestar, el cual plantea un reemplazamiento parcial de los servicios oficiales (estatales) existentes, dando lugar a un sistema mixto en el que el Estado sería menos dominante de lo que es actualmente. En este sentido, en la gestión de las políticas y servicios sociales adquieren un mayor protagonismo otros agentes, distintos del Estado, tales como: a) la Sociedad Civil, representada por instituciones como la Familia, b) el Mercado (empresas capitalistas y economía social de mercado) y c) el denominado Tercer Sector o voluntariado. A partir de un profundo análisis bibliográfico, se recogen las principales aportaciones que pueden hacer todas estas instituciones a la hora de hacer frente a los actuales problemas del estado de bienestar, así como a la descentralización de las políticas sociales, con especial atención a los aportes de la Economía Social.
A társadalmi struktúra és az oktatás összefüggései a sportiskolák rendszerében
Authors: Kovács Karolina Eszter
Published: April 2020

A társadalmi helyzet jelentős szerepet játszik életünkben, így a sportiskolai rendszerben is, különös tekintettel a vizsgálat fókuszában álló köznevelési típusú sportiskolákra. Ezen intézmények célja a sportkarrier támogatása mellett a tanulmányi eredményesség növelése is. Célunk a hazai köznevelési típusú sportiskolákban tanuló diákok szocio-ökonómiai státuszának felmérése. Ehhez a 2016-os Országos Kompetenciamérés 10. évfolyamos tanuló adatbázisát alkalmazva néztük meg a tanulók családi háttérindexét, majd összevetettük az egyéb típusú, nem sportiskolás diákok helyzetével. Eredményeink alapján a sportiskolákban/sporttagozattal rendelkező iskolákban és egyéb iskolákban tanuló diákok családi háttérindexének tekintetében jelentős különbség mutatható ki (p<0,001), habár hasonlóságok is mutatkoztak. Régiós szinten a sportiskolák tekintetében az észak-alföldi és közép-magyarországi régiókban voltak a legalacsonyabb, míg a közép-dunántúli régióban a legmagasabb a családi háttérindex átlaga. A nem sportiskolák esetében az észak-alföldi régióban voltak tapasztalhatóak a legalacsonyabb, míg Budapesten a legmagasabbak a családi háttérindex értékek.The role of social status is significant in our life, including the sports school system, with particular emphasis on educational sports schools which are in the focus of the study. The aim of these institutions is not only to support sports careers but also to improve academic achievement. Our aim is to investigate the socio-economic status of students learning in educational sports schools. For this reason, the National Competency Assessment of 2016 was applied, including the data of the 10th-grade students to investigate their family background index. Then, we compared these data to the characteristics of students learning in other types of schools. Based on our results, there is a significant difference in the family background index of students studying in sports schools and non-sports schools, although similarities have also been found. At the regional level, the average family background index was the lowest in the North Great Plain and Central Hungary, while it was the highest in Central-Transdanubia. In the case of non-sports schools, the family background index values were the lowest in the North Great Plain, while it was the highest in Budapest.
Tehetségmenedzsmenttel a versenyképességünk szolgálatában
Authors: Zöldréti Attila
Published: April 2020

Magyarország évek óta magasabb GDP növekedést ér el, mint az EU28 átlaga és 2019-re az előrejelzések alapján már az EU legdinamikusabban fejlődő országává vált. Ez a növekedési többlet a fokozatos gazdasági felzárkózásunk garanciája. A tanulmány rangos nemzetközi források felhasználásával rámutat arra, hogy ma a versenyszférában szabályos harc folyik a tehetségekért, mert a humán erőforrás, különösen a magas humán potenciával rendelkező tehetségek motiváltsága és teljesítménye közvetlenül hat a vállalatok és azon keresztül az ország versenyképességére. 53 hazai vállalkozásra kiterjedő 18 témakört érintő, a jelenlegi helyzet gyakorlat oldaláról történő feltérképezése érdekében elvégzett kérdőíves felmérés eredményei azt mutatják, hogy a hazai KKV szektor a közvetlen szakmai tanácsadás és képzés típusú támogatást előrébb rangsorolja ezen a területen a pénzügyi támogatásnál. A szerző kiemeli, hogy a növekedési többlet fenntartása és a teljes versenyképességi fordulat elérése érdekében hazánkban is el kell érni, hogy a tehetségmenedzsment segítségével elérhető teljesítménytöbblet eredményeként erősödjön a KKV szektor versenyképessége és innovatív ereje, hozzájárulva ezzel az innovatív gazdaság fejlődéséhez. For the recent years, Hungary had been achieving higher growth in the GDP than the average of the EU28, and according to some predictions, by 2019 it became the most dynamically developing country of the EU. This excess growth is the warrantee of our gradual economic catch-up. By using acknowledged international sources, the study presents the fact that real fight is going on for the talented people in the business sector because human resources, especially the motivation and performance of the talented ones with high human potentials, have a direct impact on the competitiveness of the companies and through them, of the country. The results of the query survey that involved 53 domestic enterprises and 18 topics and was made to map the practical aspects of the  current situation show that the SME sector ranks direct professional consultation and training-like support higher than financial support. The author emphasizes the fact that in order to maintain the excess growth and the achieve the total competitiveness turn, the competitiveness and the innovative power of the domestic SME sector must be strengthened by the excess performance achievable by talent management, contributing by this to the development of the innovative economy.
Beszámoló a svéd felsőoktatási rendszerről
Authors: Heszler András
Published: April 2020

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Comprehensive health assessment of green turtles Chelonia mydas nesting in southeastern Florida, USA
Authors: Page-Karjian A , Chabot R , Stacy NI , Morgan AS , Valverde RA , Stewart S , Coppenrath CM , Manire CA , Herbst LH , Gregory CR , Ritchie BW , Perrault JR
Published: April 2020

Important indicators of population health needed for large-scale sea turtle population recovery efforts include demographics, disease and mortality trends, condition indices, and baseline blood data. With this comprehensive health assessment of adult female green sea turtlesChelonia mydasnesting on Juno Beach, Florida, USA, we (1) established comprehensive baseline health indices; (2) identified individuals with evidence of infection by chelonid alphaherpesviruses 5 and 6 (ChHV5, ChHV6), which are implicated in fibropapillomatosis and respiratory and skin disease, respectively; and (3) compared measured health indices between turtles that did versus those that did not test positive for ChHV5 and/or ChHV6. All 60 turtles included in the study were in good body condition with no external fibropapillomatosis tumors. Hematological and biochemical reference intervals were established. Via quantitative PCR (qPCR), 5/60 turtles (8%) tested positive for ChHV5, and all turtles were negative for ChHV6. Of 41 turtles tested for antibodies to ChHV5 and ChHV6, 29% and 15% tested positive, respectively, and 10% tested positive for antibodies to both viruses. Notably, there were no statistically significant differences between health variables for nesting turtles that tested positive for ChHV5 DNA versus those that tested negative; and also no differences between turtles that tested positive for ChHV5 or ChHV6 antibodies and those that did not. This suggests that these viruses are enzootically stable in Florida’s adult green turtles. This study provides a health profile of nesting green turtles in southeastern Florida applicable to temporal and spatial investigations of this and other populations.
Time-series of direct primary production and phytoplankton biomass in the southeastern Bering Sea: responses to cold and warm stanzas
Authors: Lomas MW , Eisner LB , Gann J , Baer SE , Mordy CW , Stabeno PJ
Published: April 2020

Sub-Arctic and Arctic regions are warming faster than nearly all other areas of the global ocean, leading to significant changes in ice quality and the duration of ice-covered periods. The impacts of this warming and sea ice variability on higher trophic levels in the Bering Sea is well documented, but the effects on lower trophic levels are less well understood. Phytoplankton biomass (as chlorophyll a [chl a]) and primary and nitrogen production measurements in the Bering Sea are presented from 2006-2016, a period that covers relatively colder (2007-2012) and warmer (2014-2016) temperature regimes. In warm spring periods, relative to cold spring periods, the frequency of subsurface chl a maxima increased, but with no significant differences in integrated chl a inventories. In contrast, cold fall periods were characterized by greater integrated chl a inventories than warm fall periods. Integrated net primary production (NPP) increased from the cold period (2007-2011) to the warm period (2014-2016). The difference in patterns in chl a and NPP resulted in higher phytoplankton growth rates during warm periods. Nitrate uptake rates increased from spring to fall during cold periods, while rates decreased from spring to fall during warm periods, suggesting changes in the balance of new versus regenerated production. While changes in phenological timing cannot be ruled out, changes in phytoplankton growth rate appear more important than changes in chl a biomass underlying increasing daily NPP. This distinction directly impacts our understanding of the linkages between warming temperatures and phytoplankton production and its implications in evaluating and understanding energy flow to higher trophic levels.
Abalone populations are most sensitive to environmental stress effects on adult individuals
Authors: Aalto EA , Barry JP , Boch CA , Litvin SY , Micheli F , Woodson CB , De Leo GA
Published: April 2020

Marine organisms are exposed to stressors associated with climate change throughout their life cycle, but a majority of studies focus on responses in single life stages, typically early ones. Here, we examined how negative impacts from stressors associated with climate change, ocean acidification, and pollution can act across multiple life stages to influence long-term population dynamics and decrease resilience to mass mortality events. We used a continuous-size-structured density-dependent model for abalone (Haliotisspp.), calcifying mollusks that support valuable fisheries, to explore the sensitivity of stock abundance and annual catch to potential changes in growth, survival, and fecundity across the organism’s lifespan. Our model predicts that decreased recruitment from lowered fertilization success or larval survival has small negative impacts on the population, and that stock size and fishery performance are much more sensitive to changes in parameters that affect the size or survival of adults. Sensitivity to impacts on subadults and juveniles is also important for the population, though less so than for adults. Importantly, likelihood of recovery following mortality events showed more pronounced sensitivity to most possible parameter impacts, greater than the effects on equilibrium density or catch. Our results suggest that future experiments on environmental stressors should focus on multiple life stages to capture effects on population structure and dynamics, particularly for species with size-dependent fecundity.
Interval Versus Continuous Training With Identical Workload: Physiological and Aerobic Capacity Adaptations
Authors: DE ARAUJO G. G. , GOBATTO C. A. , MARCOS-PEREIRA M. , DOS REIS I. G. M. , VERLENGIA R.
Published: April 2020

The interval model training has been more recommended to promote aerobic adaptations due to recovery period that enables the execution of elevated intensity and as consequence, higher workload in relation to continuous training. However, the physiological and aerobic capacity adaptations in interval training with identical workload to continuous are still uncertain. The purpose was to characterize the effects of chronic and acute biomarkers adaptations and aerobic capacity in interval and continuous protocols with equivalent load. Fifty Wistar rats were divided in three groups: Continuous training (GTC), interval training (GTI) and control (CG). The running training lasted 8 weeks (wk) and was based at Anaerobic Threshold (AT) velocity. GTI showed glycogen super-compensation (mg/100 mg) 48 h after training session in relation to CG and GTC (GTI red gastrocnemius (RG)=1.41±0.16; GTI white gastrocnemius (WG)=1.78±0.20; GTI soleus (S)=0.26±0.01; GTI liver (L)=2.72±0.36; GTC RG=0.42±0.17; GTC WG=0.54±0.22; GTC S=0.100±0.01; GTC L=1.12±0.24; CG RG=0.32±0.05; CG WG=0.65±0.17; CG S=0.14±0.01; CG L=2.28±0.33). The volume performed by GTI was higher than GTC. The aerobic capacity reduced 11 % after experimental period in GTC when compared to GTI, but this change was insignificant (19.6±5.4 m/min; 17.7±2.5 m/min, effect size = 0.59). Free fatty acids and glucose concentration did not show statistical differences among the groups. Corticosterone concentration increased in acute condition for GTI and GTC. Testosterone concentration reduced 71 % in GTC immediately after the exercise in comparison to CG. The GTI allowed positive adaptations when compared to GTC in relation to: glycogen super-compensation, training volume performed and anabolic condition. However, the GTI not improved the aerobic performance.
Influence of Gravitational Sympathetic Stimulation on the Surgical Plethysmographic Index
Authors: COLOMBO R. , MARCHI A. , BORGHI B. , FOSSALI T. , TOBALDINI E. , GUZZETTI S. , RAIMONDI F.
Published: April 2020

Surgical Plethysmographic Index (SPI), calculated from pulse photo-plethysmographic amplitude oscillations, has been proposed as a tool to measure nociception anti-nociception balance during general anesthesia, but it is affected by several confounding factor that alter the autonomic nervous system (ANS) modulation. We hypothesized that SPI may be mainly affected by sympathetic stimulation independently from nociception. We studied the effects of two sympathetic stimuli on SPI, delivered through passive head-up tilt at 45 and 90 degrees angles, in nine awake healthy adults. The sympathetic modulation was assessed by means of heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Mean (SD) SPI significantly increased from baseline to 45 degrees [from 38.6 (13.7) to 60.8 (7.6), p<0.001)] and to 90 degrees angle tilt [82.3 (5.4), p<0.001]. The electrocardiographic mean R-to-R interval significantly shortened during both passive tilts, whereas systolic arterial pressure did not change during the study protocol. HRV changed significantly during the study protocol towards a predominance of sympathetic modulation during passive tilt. Gravitational sympathetic stimulation at two increasing angles, in absence of any painful stimuli, affects SPI in awake healthy volunteers. SPI seems to reflect the sympathetic outflow directed to peripheral vessels.
Rowing Increases Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output to a Greater Extent Than Cycling
Authors: HORN P. , OSTADAL P. , OSTADAL B.
Published: April 2020

Exercise stimulates increases in heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO). These adaptive mechanisms are strongly dependent on the type of exercise. Both rowing and cycling are widely used for physical training worldwide; however, evidence regarding the differences in major hemodynamic parameters during rowing and cycling remains insufficient. Ten healthy male volunteers were randomly assigned to perform either a rowing or cycling exercise. After 20 min rest, the group who had rowed first performed the cycling exercise and vice versa. Exercise was performed at a power-to-weight ratio of 2 W/kg for 2 min. HR, SV, CO and blood pressure (BP) were measured noninvasively using pulse-wave analysis at baseline and immediately after each exercise. HR, SV and CO were significantly higher after exercise than at rest. Whereas HR was comparable between rowing and cycling, SV and CO were significantly higher after rowing than after cycling. BP was comparable among all three measurements. Rowing increased SV and CO to a greater extent than cycling, whereas HR and BP were not influenced by the type of exercise. Our data suggest that rowing leads to more extensive stimulation of cardiac contractility and/or decreases in peripheral vascular resistance compared with cycling.
Solid-State Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of Tetrahedrites Cu12Sb4-yBiyS13
Authors: Kwak Sung-Gyu , Pi Ji-Hee , Lee Go-Eun , Kim Il-Ho
Published: April 2020

Tetrahedrite has low lattice thermal conductivity because of the lone-pair electrons of Sb, which cause the Cu atoms to vibrate at a low frequency and high amplitude. The synthesis of tetrahedrite compounds by conventional melting methods requires a long-time reaction and annealing. However, a homogeneous and solid-state synthesis can be conducted in a short time using mechanical alloying (MA) because the volatilization of the constituent elements is inhibited and a subsequent heat treatment is not necessary. In this study, Bi-doped tetrahedrites Cu12Sb4-yBiyS13 (y = 0-0.4) were prepared by MA and hot pressing. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that all specimens consisted of single-phase tetrahedrite. However, with increasing Bi content, skinnerite Cu3SbS3 was detected. The electrical conductivity increased and the Seebeck coefficient deceased with increasing Bi content as result of the substitution of Bi at Sb sites. In addition, the thermal conductivity increased as the Bi content increased because of the increase in electronic thermal conductivity. A high dimensionless figure of merit of 0.88 was obtained at 723 K for Cu12Sb3.9Bi0.1S13.
A Method of Synthesizing Lithium Hydroxide Nanoparticles Using Lithium Sulfate from Spent Batteries by 2-Step Precipitation Method
Authors: Joo Soyeong , Shim Hyun-Woo , Choi Jin-Ju , Lee Chan-Gi , Kim Dae-Guen
Published: April 2020

In this work, LiOH was synthesized using highly soluble Li2SO4. To enhance efficiency, this synthesis was performed using the precipitation method, and the correlation between each experimental condition and the synthesis of LiOH was investigated. The particle size and crystalline properties were tailored by controlling various experimental conditions, including the mole ratio of [Li]/[OH](Li: lithium sulfate, OH: barium hydroxide), reaction temperature, and reaction time. First, precursors with a ratio of 1:0.5 were reacted for 60 min at a solution temperature of 40 oC and filtered to remove precipitates. For the double reaction, half the hydroxyl precursor was added to the filtered solution and reacted under the same conditions. Using two-step precipitation, we were able to synthesize powder with a pure LiOH phase, a particle mean size of 100 nm, and purity over 99%.
Women scientists and the Freshwater Biological Association, 1929–1950
Authors: Toogood Mark , Waterton Claire , Heim Wallace
Published: April 2020

In the early to mid-twentieth century, women had limited opportunities to develop and practice as scientists and, when they did, were often marked out: regarded as odd or remarkable because they were women with scientific commitment, in contrast to their male counterparts. Opportunities for women in freshwater science arose in Britain in interconnected institutions centred on the Freshwater Biological Association (FBA) founded in 1929. Several women scientists, pioneers in their fields, were nurtured by the FBA, such as the early freshwater researchers Penelope Jenkin, Marie Rosenberg and Winifred Frost, the two latter being the FBA's first professional women naturalists. Several universities, such as Queen Mary College, University of London, gave opportunities to women freshwater scientists and had direct links to the FBA. Opportunities also arose for women scientists in British colonies. Other researchers who achieved distinction in their field were also products of the FBA and its imperial and university networks: Rosemary Lowe, Winifred Pennington, Winifred Frost, Carmel Humphries and Maud Godward, for example. We argue that the FBA encouraged scientists in relatively new scientific fields for the most part irrespective of gender. This is notable in a period when women scientists were treated with prejudice in scientific culture generally.
The abortive edition of John Martyn's Methodus plantarum circa Cantabrigiam nascentium (c.1729)
Authors: Preston Christopher D.
Published: April 2020

John Martyn's Methodus plantarum circa Cantabrigiam nascentium was printed in 1727 and was given to his friends and students, but not offered for sale. It has hitherto been thought that the 24 printed pages of a proposed second edition, the “abortive edition”, are a rare survival of an unpublished work. However, examination of 24 copies of the Methodus reveals that pages of the abortive edition are present in nine, and they must have been made available to students in the same way as the first edition. They are easily overlooked, especially in copies in which these 24 pages replace the first 20 pages of the earlier edition. The 24 pages cover mainly bryophytes, lichens and fungi, and Martyn's failure to complete the new edition has obscured his role in the investigation of these groups.
The private museum of John Septimus Roe, dispersed in 1842
Authors: Fishburn Matthew
Published: April 2020

In 2009, the State Library of New South Wales acquired a collection of 201 letters written by the Royal Navy officer John Septimus Roe. Dating between 1807 and 1829, these letters cover Roe's time serving with Phillip Parker King on the Australian coastal survey voyages of the Mermaid and Bathurst (1817–1823), and later with James Bremer on the Tamar on the Australian north coast and in Southeast Asian waters (1824–1827). This article, based on a close study of the letters, explores how Roe's interest in natural history and ethnography developed during this time, leading to the establishment of an extensive private museum, with the particular encouragement of his brother William Roe, at the family home, the rectory of the church of St Nicolas, Newbury, Berkshire. Roe took advantage of his time, while surveying areas of Australia largely unknown to Europeans, to make a collection of some scientific importance, but the museum was sold and dispersed in 1842, so that the close reading of the letters provides the only substantive account of its contents. The letters also provide an opportunity to make a case study of the web of connections – and opportunities for promotion – that collecting provided for a then quite junior British naval officer. Although no item with a confirmed provenance to the museum is recorded, it is hoped that this article may provide clues that will lead to the unearthing of specimens acquired by Roe which formed part of his enormous natural history collection, and also to the Aboriginal spears, weapons and other implements collected from the remoter stretches of the Australian coast.
Peligros ocupacionales que aportan a la presencia de síntomas de disfonía en docentes
Authors: FAJARDO DAYAN FANNERY
Published: April 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es describir los peligros ocupacionales que aportan a la presencia de síntomas de disfonía en docentes, a partir de un ejercicio de recopilación y organización de la información reportada a través de artículos indexados en las Bases de datos disponibles en la Universidad Santiago de Cali – Valle, desde el año 2012 al 2018. Se pretende que esta recopilación sirva como referencia para posteriores estudios. En total se tomaron en cuenta 50 publicaciones según los criterios metodológicos; a partir de estas se da cuenta de las particularidades de la voz del docente en el trabajo, incluyendo la sintomatología que reflejan los afectados por la disfonía y los principales peligros ocupaciones que influyen en la misma
Calidad de vida relacionado con la salud en pacientes adultos con tinitus
Authors: Vargas Garcia Miguel Antonio
Published: April 2020

El tinitus se define como la percepción de sonidos sin que exista fuente sonora externa generando múltiples efectos en la calidad de vida, entre esos, problemas emocionales como la depresión. Como propósito del presente proyecto, se proyectó la identificación de los efectos del tinitus en la calidad de vida, relacionada con la salud en los adultos que consultan al servicio de audiología de la Fundación Hospital Universitario Metropolitano, a través de la aplicación de THI, el HHIE-S y el WHOQOL BREF, a 23 sujetos identificados previamente; el primero evaluó la autopercepción que cada sujeto tiene de su audición, el segundo evaluó el grado de severidad del tinitus, y el tercero estableció los efectos del tinitus causados en la condición de salud y las intervenciones sanitarias en la calidad de vida de la persona desde su autopercepción. Los resultados permitieron establecer que la relación dificultad auditiva vs tinitus es directamente proporcional, siendo el género masculino el mayormente afectado, en las edades de 14-25 años. En cuanto a calidad de vida, se concluyó que el tinitus representa un deterioro general de la salud física, influenciado por factores ambientales y sociales, que a su vez repercuten en el estado emocional/psicológico de los sujetos.
Significados en torno a la salud desde la práctica de la medicina tradicional: Una contribución a la formación de profesionales en psicología para el diálogo intercultural
Authors: Campos Sánchez Marcela , Soto Eliana Mejía , Vargas Cortés Sandy Jirley
Published: April 2020

Este artículo da cuenta de una indagación sobre los significados que han construido sobre la salud  un grupo de jóvenes y adultos mayores de Tenjo (Cundinamarca) que tienen prácticas de medicina tradicional. Se encontró que las prácticas y saberes en medicina tradicional han sido aprendidas y transmitidas en entornos familiares y comunitarios; los sanadores comunitarios construyen relaciones de confianza con el otro que sufre, a diferencia de la atención despersonalizada que prestan los profesionales de la salud; y la salud mental emerge como dimensión del mundo privado en donde la relación con los profesionales especializados en el área es casi inexistente. El estudio de los saberes populares sobre medicina tradicional que han construido las comunidades es una tarea científica y política, necesaria para proveer formación y atención psicosocial en salud de carácter intercultural.
Entrenamiento en Conducta Pro- Social y Asertiva en Observadores de Bullying escolar
Authors: Cervera Rojas Andrea Liliana , Cuellar Sanchez Lina Marcela , Parra Ocampo Claudia Isabel
Published: April 2020

El estudio permite identificar el efecto del entrenamiento a observadores en conductas pro-sociales y asertivas en el bullying. Se tomaron 64 estudiantes entre 12-14 años de 6°, 7° y 8°,  seleccionados  mediante muestreo por conglomerados.  El diseño fue cuasi-experimental pre-test pos-test con grupo control. Se aplicó el Cuestionario sobre Intimidación y Maltrato entre Iguales- INSEBULL, seleccionando la población y homogenizando los grupos,  se vincularon participantes mediante asignación aleatoria en grupos.  Se aplicó la Escala de habilidades pro-sociales para adolescentes EHPA y la Escala de comportamiento asertivo para niños (CABS). Se desarrolló el entrenamiento al GE,  se aplicó el pos-test del INSEBULL, EPHA, y CABS, encontrando resultados opuestos a las hipótesis de trabajo.
Neuropsychological Diagnostic Accuracy: Factors That Might Lead to a Wrong Diagnosis and How to Avoid Them
Authors: Ortega Marin Jeniffer
Published: April 2020

False positives and false negatives in neuropsychological assessment can occur due to different reasons and they could have serious consequences such as the administration of an unnecessary treatment that may cause adverse effects and failure to provide timely treatment to patients. Therefore, it is important to know how confident we can be in the diagnosis. Tests scores are insufficient to this end. As a starting point, we need to establish hypotheses about the patient’s condition using the information we have collected from several sources. We also need to use information about the psychometric properties of the tests, predictive values and base rates of neurocognitive disorders and low scores. Whenever this information is lacking the interpretation of performance should be cautious. Several strategies are discussed that may contribute to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Desempeño en tareas de memoria procedimental en niños con trastorno especifico del lenguaje: Una revisión de literatura
Authors: Pabón Germán Alejandro , Lara Díaz María Fernanda , Beltrán Rojas Judy Costanza , Mateus Moreno Angélica
Published: April 2020

Introducción. La Frontal Assesment Battery (FAB) es una herramienta de screening de valoración rápida de las funciones ejecutivas. Estudios previos evidencian que variables sociodemográficas como la edad, el sexo y el nivel educativo podrían influir en el rendimiento de la FAB. El objetivo del estudio es analizar, en adultos mayores argentinos provenientes de la población general y sin deterioro cognitivo (evaluados según el Minimental, pruebas de fluidez verbal semántica y fonológica y el Test del Reloj) si existe diferencia en la FAB a partir de dichas variables. Metodología. Se analizó el rendimiento de 145 adultos mayores provenientes de la población general y sin deterioro cognitivo entre 60 y 90 años. Se realizaron estudios de diferencias de medias (t de Student y ANOVA), análisis univariante de la varianza, correlaciones (r de Pearson) y regresiones lineales simples para analizar la influencia de la edad, el sexo, el nivel educativo y el rendimiento cognitivo en la FAB. Resultados. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el puntaje total de la FAB en función del nivel educativo, pero no en función de la edad, ni el sexo.  Asimismo, se encontró que el puntaje de la FAB se correlacionó con otras pruebas de screening cognitivo, como el Minimental, el Test del Reloj y fluidez verbal (fonológica y semántica). Conclusiones. El presente estudio presenta resultados que señalan la importancia de considerar el nivel educativo en la valoración de la FAB.
Afasia, paciente afásico e investigación neurolingüística. Algunas contradicciones científicas y sociales en su abordaje
Authors: Rodríguez Abreu Yanetsy , Del Prado Morales Mirtha , Martinez Erislandy Omar
Published: April 2020

Los valores de incidencia y prevalencia de la afasia y las graves consecuencias que reviste para el paciente a nivel social y familiar, revelan su importancia en términos de salud. Internacionalmente, las tendencias contemporáneas de la neurolingüística son muy efectivas en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las afasias. Sin embargo, en Cuba se es heredero de perspectivas científicas que limitan el desarrollo de la afasiología. Ello responde a la influencia de condiciones sociales, políticas y culturales. En el presente artículo se describen las principales contradicciones sociales que condicionan las tendencias científicas en el diagnóstico y la rehabilitación del paciente afásico en Cuba y se expresan algunas soluciones locales que desde la investigación neurolingüística han estado dando al traste de estas contradicciones.
Confidence-Based Voting for the Design of Interpretable Ensembles with Fuzzy Systems
Authors: Stanovov Vladimir , Akhmedova Shakhnaz , Kamiya Yukihiro
Published: April 2020

In this study, a new voting procedure for combining the fuzzy logic based classifiers and other classifiers called confidence-based voting is proposed. This method combines two classifiers, namely the fuzzy classification system, and for the cases when the fuzzy system returns high confidence levels, i.e., the returned membership value is large, the fuzzy system is used to perform classification, otherwise, the second classifier is applied. As a result, most of the sample is classified by the explainable and interpretable fuzzy system, and the second, more accurate, but less interpretable classifier is applied only for the most difficult cases. To show the efficiency of the proposed approach, a set of experiments is performed on test datasets, as well as two problems of estimating the person’s emotional state with the data collected by non-contact vital sensors, which use the Doppler effect. To validate the accuracies of the proposed approach, the statistical tests were used for comparison. The obtained results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed technique, as it allows for both improving the classification accuracy and explaining the decision making process.
Organic Livestock Production: A Bibliometric Review
Authors: Manuelian Carmen L. , Penasa Mauro , da Costa Luciana , Burbi Sara , Righi Federico , De Marchi Massimo
Published: April 2020

Due to the increasing interest in organic farming, an overview of this research area is provided through a bibliometric analysis conducted between April and May 2019. A total of 320 documents were published up until 2018 on organic livestock farming, with an annual growth rate of 9.33% and a clear increase since 2005; 268 documents have been published in 111 journals. Germany is the country with the largest number of published papers (56 documents). Authors’ top keywords (excluding keywords used for running the search) included: animal welfare (29 times), animal health (22 times), cattle (15 times), grazing (10 times), and sheep (10 times). This could indicate that more research has been done on cattle because of the importance of this species in Germany. Moreover, the prevalence of the terms ‘animal welfare’ and ‘animal health’ may indicate that the research on organic livestock production has been focused on these two areas. The bibliometric analysis indicates that: (i) countries focused the organic livestock production research on their main production, and (ii) more research in species other than cattle and sheep is needed.
The Impact of a Negative Media Event on Public Attitudes Towards Animal Welfare in the Red Meat Industry
Authors: Rice Maxine , Hemsworth Lauren M. , Hemsworth Paul H. , Coleman Grahame J.
Published: April 2020

Public perception of livestock industries and consumer trust in farmers can affect consumer behaviour and impact on social license to farm. Coincidental with a large random telephone survey of Australian public attitudes and behaviour towards the red meat industry, a media campaign exposing animal cruelty in live export of sheep by sea, occurred. Data collected from the nationwide survey of the public attitudes immediately before (n = 278 respondents) and after (n = 224 respondents) this media campaign was utilised in the present study to examine the effects of the media campaign on the public. In general, respondents’ attitudes towards the red meat industry were positive. Independent t-tests revealed no significant differences between those respondents that completed the survey before or after the 60 Minutes programme in their concern for sheep or beef cattle welfare, attitudes to red meat farming, acceptability of the red meat industry or their trust in farmers in the red meat industry. However, prior to the media campaign, respondents believed sheep to be more comfortable when transported by boats than did respondents who completed the survey after the media campaign. More respondents after the 60 Minutes programme cited social and internet media as a source of information. Therefore, despite the wide media coverage associated with the 60 Minutes programme, these results indicate little effect on the public’s attitudes towards farm animal welfare and the red meat industry. The significant impacts of the programme were reflected in increased community discussion, increased social media activity and an increase in the perceived importance of conditions aboard boats used for live sheep transport.
Animals in Moral Limbo: How Literary Pigs May Help Lab-Generated Ones
Authors: Tuck Nancy
Published: April 2020

When considering that artistic and literary artifacts reflect the cultural views and mores of a particular time period, there is a significant misalignment between stories depicting increased moral status of pigs (e.g., vis-à-vis human-porcine relationships) and ongoing practices of pig consumption, commodification, and medical experimentation. In fact, there has been increased industrial farm meat production and biotechnological experimentation. Xenotransplantation trials, for example, are being heralded “the answer” to organ shortages needed for human transplantation, while significant ethical concerns persist. In this paper, I posit that literary reflections add a valuable dimension to animal ethics deliberations, providing a meta-narrative against which to assess normative practices. Beginning with synopses of three books: E.B. White’s Charlotte’s Web (1952), Robert Newton Peck’s A Day No Pigs Would Die (1972), and Paul Griffin’s Saving Marty (2017), I illustrate a shifting moral status view of human–pig relationships. Next, I discuss personhood attributions through biological, philosophical, and legal frameworks; review benefits and risks of xenotransplantation; reflect on the moral status of non-human animals; and offer concluding thoughts.
Discovery of the First Neurotransmitter Receptor: The Acetylcholine Nicotinic Receptor
Authors: Changeux Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2020

The concept of pharmacological receptor was proposed at the turn of the 20th century but it took almost 70 years before the first receptor for a neurotransmitter was isolated and identified as a protein. This review retraces the history of the difficulties and successes in the identification of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the first neurotransmitter receptor to be identified.
Urine Endocannabinoids as Novel Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer at Early Stage
Authors: Vago Riccardo , Ravelli Alessandro , Bettiga Arianna , Casati Silvana , Lavorgna Giovanni , Benigni Fabio , Salonia Andrea , Montorsi Francesco , Orioli Marica , Ciuffreda Pierangela , Ottria Roberta
Published: April 2020

Due to the involvement of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in cancer onset and progression and the less studied connection between ECS and bladder cancer, here an evaluation of the ECS modifications associated with bladder cancer is reported. Urine samples were collected from healthy volunteers and patients with bladder cancer at different grades. Endocannabinoids (ECs) and N-acylethanolamides (NAEs) were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS and results normalized for creatinine content. An increase in the urine concentrations of four ECs and NAEs analyzed was observed with a statistically significant increase in the arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and stearoylethanoamide (SEA) associated with bladder cancer. Receiver operating characteristic curves built with AEA and SEA data allowed the selection of 160 pg/mL for SEA (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.91, Selectivity (SE) 94%, Specificity (SP) 45%) and 8 pg/mL for AEA (AUC = 0.85, SE 94%, SP 61%) as the best cut-off values. Moreover, data from bladder cancer samples at different grades were derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the expressions of thirteen different components of the “endocannabinoidome” were analyzed. Statistical analysis highlights significant variations in the expression of three enzymes involved in EC and NAE turnover in bladder cancer.
Vinorelbine Augments Radiotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yeoh Kheng Wei , Prawira Aldo , Saad Muhammad Zafrie Bin , Lee Kok Ming , Lee Eric Ming Hon , Low Gee Keng , Mohd Nasir Mohamed Hakim Bin , Phua Jun Hao , Chow Wendy Wan Li , Lim Iris Jiu Hia , Omar Yusnita Binte , Ho Rebecca Zhi Wen , Le Thi Bich Uyen , Vu Thanh Chung , Soo Khee Chee , Huynh Hung
Published: April 2020

There is a need to improve the effectiveness of radiotherapy (RT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy and toxicity of the anti-microtubule agent Vinorelbine as a radiosensitizer in HCC. The radio sensitivity of 16 HCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models was determined by quantifying the survival fraction following irradiation in vitro, and Vinorelbine radio sensitization was determined by clonogenic assay. Ectopic HCC xenografts were treated with a single dose of 8 Gy irradiation and twice-weekly 3 mg/kg Vinorelbine. Tumor growth and changes in the proteins involved in DNA repair, angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, and survival were assessed, and the 3/16 (18.75%), 7/16 (43.75%), and 6/16 (37.5%) HCC lines were classified as sensitive, moderately sensitive, and resistant, respectively. The combination of RT and Vinorelbine significantly inhibited tumor growth, DNA repair proteins, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation, and promoted more apoptosis compared with RT or Vinorelbine treatment alone. Vinorelbine improved HCC tumor response to standard irradiation with no increase in toxicity. HCC is prevalent in less developed parts of the world and is mostly unresectable on presentation. Vinorelbine and conventional radiotherapy are cost-effective, well-established modalities of cancer treatment that are readily available. Therefore, this strategy can potentially address an unmet clinical need, warranting further investigation in early-phase clinical trials.
Statin Use Decreases the Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Facciorusso Antonio , Abd El Aziz Mohamed A , Singh Siddharth , Pusceddu Sara , Milione Massimo , Giacomelli Luca , Sacco Rodolfo
Published: April 2020

Statins can decrease hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence, but the magnitude and the predictors of these effects remain unclear. This meta-analysis provides a pooled estimate of the impact of statin use on HCC occurrence. Pooled effects were calculated using a random-effects model by means of the DerSimonian and Laird test. Primary endpoint was the time-dependent correlation between statin use and HCC incidence expressed as hazard ratio (HR), both crude and adjusted. The crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) for HCC occurrence between statin users and non-users were analyzed. Twenty-five studies with 1,925,964 patients were included. Crude OR for HCC incidence was 0.59 (95% CI: 0.47–0.74), confirmed in adjusted analysis (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.70–0.78). Adjusted HR was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.69–0.76). This effect was more pronounced in HBV patients (HR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.36–0.60) and with a cumulative daily dose beyond 365 (HR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.11–0.67). Lipophilic statins were associated with reduced HCC incidence (HR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.39–0.62). Atorvastatin determined the greater magnitude of effect (HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.28–0.65). This meta-analysis demonstrates the beneficial chemopreventive effect of statins against HCC occurrence. This effect is dose-dependent and more pronounced with lipophilic statins.
Structure–Activity Relationships and Molecular Docking Analysis of Mcl-1 Targeting Renieramycin T Analogues in Patient-derived Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Petsri Korrakod , Yokoya Masashi , Tungsukruthai Sucharat , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada , Nutho Bodee , Vinayanuwattikun Chanida , Saito Naoki , Matsubara Takehiro , Sato Ryo , Chanvorachote Pithi
Published: April 2020

Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) proteins are promising targets for cancer therapy. Here, we investigated the structure–activity relationships (SARs) and performed molecular docking analysis of renieramycin T (RT) and its analogues and identified the critical functional groups of Mcl-1 targeting. RT have a potent anti-cancer activity against several lung cancer cells and drug-resistant primary cancer cells. RT mediated apoptosis through Mcl-1 suppression and it also reduced the level of Bcl-2 in primary cells. For SAR study, five analogues of RT were synthesized and tested for their anti-cancer and Mcl-1- and Bcl-2-targeting effects. Only two of them (TM-(–)-18 and TM-(–)-4a) exerted anti-cancer activities with the loss of Mcl-1 and partly reduced Bcl-2, while the other analogues had no such effects. Specific cyanide and benzene ring parts of RT’s structure were identified to be critical for its Mcl-1-targeting activity. Computational molecular docking indicated that RT, TM-(–)-18, and TM-(–)-4a bound to Mcl-1 with high affinity, whereas TM-(–)-45, a compound with a benzene ring but no cyanide for comparison, showed the lowest binding affinity. As Mcl-1 helps cancer cells evading apoptosis, these data encourage further development of RT compounds as well as the design of novel drugs for treating Mcl-1-driven cancers.