bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orthodontists’ and laypeople’s perception of smile height aesthetics in relation to varying degrees of transverse cant of anterior teeth
Authors: Shiyan Huang , Xu Qian , Shuhao Xu , Nanquan Rao , Xiaobing Li
Published: September 2021

Aims

To determine the effect of varying the transverse cant of the anterior teeth on orthodontists’ and laypeople’s perceptions of smile aesthetics, and the influence that smile height has on this perception.

Materials and methods

A 20-year-old Chinese female with an aesthetic smile and normal occlusion was chosen and agreed to participate. Digital pictures of her posed smile were taken and manipulated to create three smile height variations: low, medium, or high. Each variation was further manipulated to create varying degrees of transverse anterior tooth cant. Fifty-six laypeople and 40 orthodontists participated as raters of the dental and facial impact of the altered smile images.

Results

The orthodontists more commonly and precisely identified the transverse cants of the anterior teeth and the detracting influence on smile aesthetics compared with laypersons. The orthodontists accepted a lesser range of anterior transverse cant. Increased smile heights enhanced the capability of all raters to detect a transverse cant and reduced the acceptable cant range. In addition, an increased smile height worsened the detracting effects of the transverse anterior cant in all raters’ perceptions of smile aesthetics. An increased display of teeth and angulation of an anterior cant increased the ability of raters in both groups to detect differences.

Conclusion

Transverse cants of anterior teeth can affect orthodontists’ and laypeople’s perceptions of smile aesthetics. Smile height and incisor display were significant factors that affected the orthodontist’s and layperson’s perceptions of smile aesthetics, and suggested that a description of the detracting effect of an anterior transverse cant should also consider smile height.

Clinical relevance

A transverse occlusal cant is an important aesthetic factor used by clinicians during orthodontic diagnosis and review. It is important to appreciate that there is a difference in perception between orthodontic professionals and patients (laypeople). The extent of this perceptual difference and influencing factors could help the clinician set more appropriate treatment goals.
Oro-facial characteristics and the surgical correction of patients affected by beta-thalassaemia: a review of the literature and report of a case
Authors: Tehranchi Azita , Behnia Hossein , Ghochani Mostafa Sadeghi , Younessian Farnaz
Published: September 2021

Despite the fact that recent medical advances have improved the quality of life and increased the life expectancy of patients suffering from thalassaemia, no standard strategy or clinical guidelines are available for the correction of the presenting craniofacial anomalies. The aim of the present study is to review the craniofacial features of affected patients, and to discuss the orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment options available to manage the associated and characteristic facial deformity.
Closure of an open bite using the ‘Mousetrap’ appliance: a 3-year follow-up
Authors: Wilmes Benedict , Vasudavan Sivabalan , Stocker Bruce , Willmann Jan H. , Drescher Dieter
Published: September 2021

Recently, skeletal anchorage devices have been used as anchorage units for upper molar intrusion as a way of correcting an anterior open bite malocclusion. To avoid the surgical procedures associated with the placement of miniplates in the zygomatic area, mini-implants may be inserted palatally or buccally in the alveolar process. However, consideration must be given to the potential risks of root damage and a higher failure rate associated with the placement of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) in the interradicular area. The anterior hard palate provides a safer and more stable alternative for TAD placement. The current paper describes the biomechanical principles and the clinical procedures of ‘Mousetrap’ mechanics using mini-implants in the anterior palate for upper molar intrusion. The stomatognathic response of maxillary molar intrusion is an autorotation of the mandible and so the sagittal implications for each patient must be considered. The presented patient demonstrates successful correction and stability of the treatment result at a three-year review.
Improving total nitrogen removal using a neural network ammonia-based aeration control in activated sludge process
Authors: Husin M. H. , Rahmat M. F. , Wahab N. A. , Sabri M. F. M.
Published: September 2021

Aeration control is a way to have a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) that uses less energy and produces higher effluent quality to meet state and federal regulations. The goal of this research is to develop a neural network (NN) ammonia-based aeration control (ABAC) that focuses on reducing total nitrogen and ammonia concentration violations by regulating dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration based on the ammonia concentration in the final tank, rather than maintaining the DO concentration at a set elevated value, as most studies do. Simulation platform used in this study is Benchmark Simulation Model No. 1, and the NN ABAC is compared to the Proportional-Integral (PI) ABAC and PI controller. In comparison to the PI controller, the simulation results showed that the proposed controller has a significant improvement in reducing the AECI up to 23.86%, improving the EQCI up to 1.94%, and reducing the overall OCI up to 4.61%. The results of the study show that the NN ABAC can be utilized to improve the performance of a WWTP’s activated sludge system.
Effects of fluopyram and azadirachtin integration with sunn hemp on nematode communities in zucchini, tomato and sweet potato in Hawaii
Authors: Waisen Philip , Wang Koon-Hui , Uyeda Jensen , Myers Roxana Y.
Published: September 2021

Fluopyram (Velum® One) is a synthetic nematicide and azadirachtin (Molt-X®) is a biological nematicide. Both have shown promise against plant-parasitic nematodes on several agriculturally important crops. There is a lack of information on integration of pre-plant sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) cover crop with these post-plant nematicides, aiming to improve plant-parasitic nematodes management and mitigate any detrimental effects on free-living nematodes. Three field trials were conducted to investigate the effects of fluopyram alone or in combination with pre-plant sunn hemp cover crop, and azadirachtin combined with pre-plant sunn hemp on Rotylenchulus reniformis and Meloidogyne spp., and free-living nematodes. Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were grown in Trials I and II, and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) only was grown in Trial III. In all three trials, early applications of fluopyram at crop planting were effective in suppressing the abundance of Meloidogyne spp. (M. incognita and M. javanica) but it was not effective in reducing R. reniformis in the soil. Combining sunn hemp with fluopyram was suppressive to R. reniformis on short-term zucchini crop, but not on longer term tomato and sweet potato crops. In addition, application of fluopyram at transplanting was the key to successful suppression of Meloidogyne spp. as later fluopyram chemigation (at 2 weeks after planting in Trial II or 1 month after planting in Trial III) had no effect against Meloidogyne spp. On the other hand, planting of sunn hemp followed by monthly post-plant azadirachtin application consistently suppressed R. reniformis, but this treatment did not suppress Meloidogyne spp. Integrating sunn hemp with fluopyram increased zucchini yield by >2.3 folds and that with azadirachtin increased the zucchini yield by >1.7 folds. Although no yield improvement was observed on tomato in Trial II, integrating sunn hemp with azadirachtin and fluopyram increased tomato yield by 0.23 and 1.12 folds, respectively, in Trial I. Marketable yield of sweet potato was increased by 4.5–6.4 folds in all the fluopyram treatments but was only increased 61.5% by sunn hemp plus azadirachtin treatment. While fluopyram alone often reduced the abundance of free-living nematodes, integrating with sunn hemp mitigated the negative impacts of fluopyram on soil health.
Factors affecting the implementation of management accounting techniques in medium-sized enterprises of Vietnam
Authors: Thi Huyen Tram-Nguyen , Anh Tuan-Le , Van Nhi-Vo
Published: September 2021

The main purpose of this paper is to find and evaluate the impact of unexpected factors and institutional factors that affect the implementation of management accounting techniques in medium-sized manufacturing enterprises of Vietnam. Mixed methods were combined in this study: specifically, qualitative research methods were used based on previous studies as well as background theory was used to build factors in the research model. The quantitative method used data based on surveying 129 small and medium business owners in Vietnam using SPSS 2020 software to test a multivariable linear regression model. The results show that there are three factors affecting the implementation of management accounting techniques in medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in Vietnam in the following order: (1) Viewpoints of business owners, (2) Advanced technology, and (3) Mimicry. Based on this research result, medium-sized manufacturing business owners, as well as macroeconomic managers, will have solutions to further develop management accounting techniques in medium-sized manufacturing enterprises of Vietnam.
Analiza wpływu dokładności pozycjonowania urządzenia QUICKCHECKwebline na pomiar parametrów wiązki promieniowania.
Authors: Paluszyńska Marta , Bąk Olga , Charmacińska Magdalena , Sobocka-Kurdyk Urszula , Borowska Patrycja
Published: September 2021

Zapewnienie jakości leczenia radioterapeutycznego zależy od fizycznych parametrów wiązki promieniowania jonizującego. QUICKCHECKwebline T42031 jest urządzeniem pomiarowym wykorzystywanym do kontroli jakości oraz stabilności pracy akceleratora medycznego wykorzystywanego w radioterapii. Urządzenie to mierzy dawkę w osi centralnej (CAX), stałość profili wiązki, jej symetrię, czy na przykład indeks jakości promieniowania (BQF). Pomiary zostały wykonane na aparacie TrueBeam firmy Varian (Varian Medical System, Palo Alto, USA). Urządzenie podczas codziennych pomiarów było pozycjonowane zarówno za pomocą centratorów laserowych jak i za pomocą krzyża symulacji świetlnej. Celem tej pracy było zbadanie wpływu dokładności ułożenia aparatury pomiarowej na parametry wiązki promieniowania.
Porównanie objętości narządów krytycznych z obszaru mózgowia wyznaczonych manualnie i automatycznie dla trzech systemów planowania leczenia
Authors: Styś Sara , Charmacińska Magdalena , Skrobała Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

W Polsce nowotwory mózgowia stanowią 2% wszystkich nowotworów złośliwych, a istotną rolę w ich leczeniu odgrywa radioterapia. Obszar mózgowia jest szczególnie istotny ze względu na bliskość sąsiadujących znaczących dla życia narządów. W procesie przygotowania leczenia jednym z najistotniejszych kroków jest wyznaczenie konturów narządów krytycznych. W pracy zbadano różnice pomiędzy objętościami narządów krytycznych wyznaczonych manualnie w systemie planowania leczenia Eclipse (Varian) oraz z wykorzystaniem zaimplementowanych narzędzi do automatycznego wyznaczania struktur w systemach planowania leczenia iPlan (BrainLab) oraz MultiPlan (Accuray). Wykazano, iż objętości struktur wyznaczanych manualnie są większe od tych wyznaczanych automatycznie, jednak różnice te nie wpływają znacząco na proces leczenia i bezpieczeństwo pacjentów.
Użyteczność badania 18F-FDG PET/CT w diagnostyce raka krtani
Authors: Feldgebel Aleksandra , Medak Adrianna , Cholewiński Witold , Pietrzak Agata Karolina
Published: September 2021

Rak krtani jest jednym z najczęściej wykrywanych nowotworów złośliwych regionu głowy i szyi. Z uwagi na wysoki stopień złośliwości oraz wczesne przerzuty odległe, rak krtani wymaga wczesnej i złożonej diagnostyki. Metodą z wyboru w ocenie guzów regionu głowy i szyi jest badanie pozytonowej tomografii emisyjnej/tomografii komputerowej z użyciem 18F-fluorodeoksyglukozy (18F-FDG PET/CT).
Rola medycyny nuklearnej w diagnostyce chorób układu ruchu
Authors: Strojna Iga , Cholewiński Witold
Published: September 2021

Techniki obrazowe z zakresu medycyny nuklearnej znajdują szerokie zastosowanie w ocenie licznych jednostek chorobowych, w tym – schorzeń układu ruchu. Wśród najczęściej wykorzystywanych metod radioizotopowych, wyróżniamy: scyntygrafię trójfazową (z ang. triple-phase scintigraphy), tomografię emisyjną pojedynczego fotonu (z ang. single-photon emission tomography, SPECT) oraz pozytonową tomografię emisyjną/tomografię komputerową (z ang. positron emission tomography/computed tomography, PET/CT).
Expression of a Tagless Single-Chain Variable Fragment (scFv) of Anti-TNF-α by a Salt Inducible System and its Purification and Characterization
Authors: Sain Avtar , Sen Priyankar , Venkataraman Krishnan , Vijayalakshmi Mookambika A.
Published: September 2021

Background:

Anti-TNF-α scFv is gaining acceptance as an effective drug for various diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease that involve elevated levels of TNF-α. The single-chain variable fragment (scFv) consists of variable regions of heavy and light chains of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Due to its smaller size, it curbs the mAb’s auto-antibody effects and their limitation of penetration into the tissues during the neutralization of TNF-α.

Objective:

In this work, a cDNA coding for anti-TNF-α scFv was successfully cloned into a pRSET-B vector and efficiently expressed in an E. coli strain GJ1158, a salt inducible system that uses sodium chloride instead of IPTG as an inducer.

Methods:

The protein was expressed in the form of inclusion bodies (IB), solubilized using urea, and refolded by pulse dilution. Further, the amino acid sequence coverage of scFv was confirmed by ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS and MALDI-TOF. Further studies on scaling up the production of scFv and its application of scFv are being carried out.

Results:

The soluble fraction of anti-TNF-α scFv was then purified in a single chromatographic step using CM-Sephadex chromatography, a weak cation exchanger with a yield of 10.3 mg/L. The molecular weight of the scFv was found to be ~ 28 kDa by SDS PAGE, and its presence was confirmed by western blot analysis and mass spectrometry.

Conclusion:

Anti-TNF-α scFv has been successfully purified in a salt inducible system GJ1158. As per the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of purification of Anti-TNF-α scFv in a salt inducible system from soluble fractions as well as inclusion bodies.
Gut Microbiota and Autoimmune Diseases: A Charming Real World Together with Probiotics
Authors: Piccioni Andrea , Cicchinelli Sara , Valletta Federico , De Luca Giulio , Longhitano Yaroslava , Candelli Marcello , Ojetti Veronica , Sardeo Francesco , Navarra Simone , Covino Marcello , Franceschi Francesco
Published: September 2021

Background:

The role of gut microbiota in human disease is fascinating for hundreds of researchers worldwide. Many works have highlighted that gut microbiota modulates the immune system and that its disruption can trigger autoimmune and inflammatory immune-mediated diseases. Probiotics are able to positively modify microbiota composition.

Objective:

The aim of this review is to report the most important findings regarding the effects of probiotics administration in the most common autoimmune disease and inflammatory immune-mediated diseases.

Method:

Literature research was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline, as well as in specific journal websites using the keywords: “autoimmunity”, “microbiota”, and “probiotics”. The article selection has been made independently by three authors, and controversies have been solved by a fourth researcher. Only English-language articles were included and preference was given to clinical trials, meta-analysis, and case series. After the review process, 68 articles have been considered.

Results:

Relying on this evidence, many studies have investigated the potential of probiotics in restoring gut eubiosis, thus affecting pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and course of these pathologies. Even in the light of few and sometimes contradictory studies, physicians should start to consider these preliminary findings when approaching patients suffering from autoimmune disease. After an accurate case-by-case evaluation of potential candidates, probiotics might be introduced besides the standard therapeutic plan as supportive measures.
Reduced Immunogenicity of Intraparenchymal Delivery of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 2 Vectors: Brief Overview
Authors: Muramatsu Shin-Ichi , Hwu Wuh-Liang , Gidoni-Ben-Zeev Bruria
Published: September 2021

:

Pre existing immunity to Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) poses a concern in AAV vector–
mediated gene therapy. Localized administration of low doses of carefully chosen AAV serotypes
can mitigate the risk of an immune response. This article will illustrate the low risk of immune
response to AAV serotype 2 vector–mediated gene therapy to the brain with support from
clinical trial data in aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency and Parkinson disease.
Palmitoylated Prolactin-releasing Peptide Reduced Aβ Plaques and Microgliosis in the Cerebellum: APP/PS1 Mice Study
Authors: Mengr Anna , Hrubá Lucie , Exnerová Aneta , Holubová Martina , Popelová Andrea , Železná Blanka , Kuneš Jaroslav , Maletínská Lenka
Published: September 2021

Background:

Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) is a potential drug for the treatment of obesity and associated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) due to its strong anorexigenic and antidiabetic properties. In our recent study, the lipidized PrRP analog palm11-PrRP31 was proven to exert beneficial effects in APP/PS1 mice, a model of Alzheimer´s Disease (AD)-like amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology, reducing the Aβ plaque load, microgliosis and astrocytosis in the hippocampus and cortex.

Objective:

In this study, we focused on the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of palm11-PrRP31 and its possible impact on synaptogenesis in the cerebellum of APP/PS1 mice, because others have suggested that cerebellar Aβ plaques contribute to cognitive deficits in AD.

Methods:

APP/PS1 mice were treated subcutaneously with palm11-PrRP31 for 2 months, then immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were used to quantify pathological markers connected to AD, compared to control mice.

Results:

In the cerebella of 8 months old APP/PS1 mice, we found widespread Aβ plaques surrounded by activated microglia detected by ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (Iba1), but no increase in astrocytic marker Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) compared to controls. Interestingly, no difference in both presynaptic markers syntaxin1A and postsynaptic marker spinophilin was registered between APP/PS1 and control mice. Palm11-PrRP31 treatment significantly reduced the Aβ plaque load and microgliosis in the cerebellum. Furthermore, palm11-PrRP31 increased synaptogenesis and attenuated neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice.

Conclusion:

These results suggest palm11-PrRP31 is a promising agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Persons Living with HIV Infection
Authors: Monsuez Jean-Jacques , Lopez-Sublet Marilucy
Published: September 2021

:

Persons living with HIV infection (PLWH) have been recognized to have an increased
risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Prevention of this risk should theoretically be included in their
long-term management. However, only a few approaches have been proposed to optimize such interventions.
Targeting detection of the commonly associated conditions such as coronary artery disease,
left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, QT interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias
is the first step of this prevention. However, although detection of the risk of SCD is a suitable
challenge in PLWH, it remains uncertain whether optimized treatment of the identified risks
would unequivocally translate into a decrease in SCD rates.
Vitamin D Deficiency in Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus - A Cluster
Analysis
Authors: Sindaghatta Chaya K. , Vijetha Vishwa K. , Komarla Lokesh S. , Biligere Jayaraj S. , Malamardi Sowmya , H.M. Virupaksha , Praveena Attahalli S. , Kandi Subhakar , Anand Mahesh P.
Published: September 2021

Background:

Diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis are a dual disease burden, and diabetes
is associated with a threefold risk of developing tuberculosis. Though India is considered to have
an abundance of sunlight, the prevalence of deficiency of vitamin D is high, which is shown to
cause impairment in the macrophage-initiated immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Methods:

Our study estimated the prevalence of mean levels and determinants of vitamin D deficiency
in patients with tuberculosis or diabetes and those with both tuberculosis and diabetes. A
cluster analysis was performed to identify whether these patients belong to distinct clusters and
evaluate whether vitamin D levels were significantly different between clusters.

Results:

The study observed that the lowest vitamin D levels were observed among subjects with
both pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes. Multinomial logistic regression analysis observed that
higher levels of vitamin D were protective against both diabetes and pulmonary tuberculosis, and
while higher body mass index lowered odds of pulmonary tuberculosis, it increased the odds of diabetes.
The cluster analysis identified five distinct clusters with different characteristics of pulmonary
tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, sputum mycobacterial load, age distribution, body mass index,
vitamin D, serum albumin, and serum calcium.

Conclusion:

In South India, among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes or either disease
alone, hypovitaminosis D is a common phenomenon. The cluster analysis plays an important
role in future research on biomarkers to identify specific phenotypes in patients with tuberculosis
and diabetes.
Impact and Protection of GNSS Interference: Resilient Positioning in Next Generation Satellite-Based Railway Train Control
Authors: Liu Jiang , Cai Bai-Gen , Wang Jian , Lu De-Biao
Published: September 2021

Background:

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has great potentials in
next-generation railway train control systems. Considering the fail-safe characteristics of train control,
the threat from GNSS interference may result in an increasing likelihood of outages of train
positioning or even safety risks to the railway system.

Objective:

The interference protection solutions are investigated and demonstrated for achieving the
resilient train positioning using GNSS.

Methods:

This paper describes the main types of GNSS interference and investigates the impact on
Location Determination Unit (LDU) in the GNSS-based train control system. Specific architectures
and solutions for interference detection and protection in both the position domain and measurement
domain are presented.

Results:

Interference injection simulations are performed with both the GNSS spoofing and jamming
signals, which evaluate the effects of interferences and demonstrate the protection performance
of the presented solutions under GNSS attack scenarios.

Conclusion:

The interference protection solutions within both the position domain and measurement
domain are effective and significant to mitigate the effects from the GNSS interference, which
enables resilient train positioning to achieve safe train operation.
The Cycle of Attention to Political Events: Racism and Police Violence in Portugal
Authors: Oliveira Rocha José António
Published: September 2021

The author describes the Downs model (1972). Then he tests his propositions to explain the phenomenon of racism and police violence in the "Bairro da Jamaica"in the city of Setúbal; while drawing attention to the racist culture of the majority of the Portuguese population, which supports the abuse of force by the police. The event that took place on January 19 is the corollary of several events of the same type and can become a political fact of large and uncontrollable dimensions that threatens the stability of the Portuguese political system.
Post-Transplant Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Birdwell Kelly A. , Park Meyeon
Published: September 2021

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death and morbidity in kidney transplant recipients and a common reason for post-transplant hospitalization. Several traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors exist, and many of them present pretransplant and worsened, in part, due to the addition of immunosuppression post-transplant. We discuss optimal strategies for identification and treatment of these risk factors, including the emerging role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in post-transplant diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We present common types of cardiovascular disease observed after kidney transplant, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmia, and valvular disease. We also discuss screening, treatment, and prevention of post-transplant cardiac disease. We highlight areas of future research, including the need for goals and best medications for risk factors, the role of biomarkers, and the role of screening and intervention.
Facial Emotions Recognition Using Deep Learning Technology
Authors: Chaubey Abhinav
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Artificial Intelligent give us capability to detect emotions of human being. Due variation of individual expression it is difficult to find precisely. With AI we can mimics a human's capability like recognising someone with a restricted facial feature. this . paper, of mine indentify the face emotions by detecting areas of face like eyes, nose, lips, and forehead. By implementing two repressing methods like histogram and data augmentation we propos to extract characteristics of facial emotion. Here in this paper two dimensional architecture is used. First is used for inputting greyscale of face image where as second is for accepting histograms. the final process calculate the result on the bases of KNN and SVM classifiers. The results indicates that proposed algorithm detect six fundamental facial emotions , Happiness, Anger, Fear and surprise. Précised result are expected by using trained model data set. Keywords: SVM, KNN, FER, DNN, VGG16, HOG, HSOG.
Application of Thermal Energy Storage to a Combined Heat and Power Plant
Authors: Nisar Shahim
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The present study deals with the economic and environmental benefits that can be attained through the coupling of borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) and combined heat and power (CHP). Energy prices are significantly higher during the winter months due to the limited supply of natural gas. This dearth not onlyincreases operating costs but also emissions, due to the need to burn ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD). The scope of this paper is to present a TRNSYS model of a BTES system that is designed using actual operational data from the campus CHP plant.
The influence of dissensus on governmentality during competitive tendering: A longitudinal field study
Authors: Mutiganda Jean Claude
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the ways in which dissensus has influenced governmentality during a longitudinal process of competitive tendering of public services. Data are from a field study conducted in the field of public care for the elderly from 2007 to 2015 in Finland. Public elderly care in Finland is under the responsibility of each municipality. Municipalities have local autonomy; including municipal taxation right. In addition to municipal tax revenues, the central government finances each municipality on a per capita basis annually. Every municipality is run by democratically elected local politicians. The elected politicians have the power to appoint leading public managers in charge of each public service sector. Findings showed that political dissensus arose from a lack of appropriate policies of governing for performance during a new and international competitive tendering process. Managerial dissensus arose from a low-level professional experience and a lack of appropriate technologies to deal with highly advanced profit-making companies competing for entry and expansion into a prestigious public elderly care market. In consequence, costs of outsourced services continued to increase. As time passed, however, political and managerial dissensus improved the process of governing for performance; key decision-makers took reactive measures to limit procurement risks in future competitive tendering processes. The potential contribution is to show the relevance of dissensus when it motivates public managers and political decision-makers to improve specific programs, techniques, and strategies used to manage public services
Einleitung: Pandemie der Grenze
Authors: Grosser Florian , Oberprantacher Andreas
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung: Die für diesen Schwerpunkt ausgewählten Beiträge setzen sich aus sachlich, methodologisch sowie disziplinär vielfältigen Perspektiven mit dem Thema der Grenze, der Grenzziehung und des Grenzregimes auseinander. Während Grenzen in der normativen politischen Philosophie und Theorie kaum als eigenständiges Problem behandelt bzw. zumeist traditionell, d. h. als für territorial verankerte staatliche Zuständigkeitsbereiche konstitutive statische Trennlinien begriffen werden, wird in den hier versammelten Texten der Versuch unternommen, diese präziser und detaillierter in ihrer gegenwärtigen Gestalt und Wirkungsweise zu bestimmen, um auf dieser Grundlage alternative grenztheoretische Modelle zu entwickeln. Im Zentrum steht dabei die Frage, in welcher Weise sich die zunehmende Beweglichkeit von Grenzen – eine Beweglichkeit, die nicht nur neu konfigurierten politisch-rechtlichen Maßnahmen und Institutionen, sondern auch neuen Kontrolltechnologien geschuldet ist – auf das Verständnis von staatlicher Souveränität, von demokratischer Legitimität oder von Menschenrechten auswirkt. In dieser Einleitung werden zum einen einige maßgebliche rezente Grenzziehungsphänomene erörtert, die im Licht der Covid-19-Pandemie in besonderer Deutlichkeit zutage treten; zum anderen werden Grundzüge eines veränderten politiktheoretischen Nachdenkens über Grenzen skizziert. Daneben werden die sieben Beiträge des Schwerpunkts überblicksartig vorgestellt.
Zur Neuverhandlung konstituierender Grenzen: Textkritische Analyse und demokratietheoretische Interpretation der Erzählung vom Goldenen Kalb
Authors: Mackowitz Laurin
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung: Die politische Grenze, die in der Erzählung vom Goldenen Kalb schematisch gesetzt wird, ähnelt zeitgenössischen autoritären wie auch demokratischen Strategien, Macht durch gesellschaftliche Spaltungen auszuüben. In Bezug auf die Überlagerung politischer Differenzen mit moralischen und religiösen Werturteilen, die Verabsolutierung von Privilegien und die Verschleierung des Gesetzes scheint die in der Episode vom Goldenen Kalb erzählte Spaltung systematische Parallelen zu gegenwärtigen Praktiken innergesellschaftlicher Grenzziehung aufzuweisen. Die Aktualität der Berufung auf religiöse Erzählungen, rhetorische Polarisierungen oder antagonistische Symboliken macht die Kritik und Analyse der politisch-theologischen Sakralisierung politischer Differenzen zu einem wesentlichen Gegenstand der Aufklärung über die religiösen Grundlagen politischer Gewalt. Der Artikel interpretiert mit Verweis auf textkritische Analysen der Erzählung die Abspaltung der Leviten vom restlichen Volk als kultisch inszenierte militärische Aktion zur Herstellung und Befestigung von Privilegien durch Grausamkeit, den Tanz um das Goldene Kalb als Strategie der Konsolidierung einer durch die Abwesenheit von Gesetz und Führung verunsicherten Gemeinschaft und die Konstruktion gesellschaftlicher Antagonismen als Kompensation für die Verschleierung des Gesetzes. Abschließend wird diskutiert, inwiefern diese Strategien auch in Demokratien zentrale Merkmale der Konstituierung kollektiver Identitäten, Privilegien und Gewaltbeziehungen sind und ob es in Demokratien auch Raum für die Neuverhandlung innergesellschaftlicher Grenzen gibt.
Zu einer Ethik der Ästhetik in pandemischen Zeiten
Authors: Höll Davina
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung: Seit Langem sieht die Welt sich wieder einer globalen pandemischen Bedrohung ausgesetzt, die nicht nur wissenschaftlich, wirtschaftlich, politisch und gesellschaftlich, sondern auch künstlerisch zu bewältigen versucht wird. Dabei dominieren vor allem zwei visuelle Phänomene die Bildwelten der journalistischen und sozialen Medien: das Bild der Maske und das Bild des Virus selbst. Beide Bilder sind insbesondere in der Verbindung mit epi- und pandemischer Erfahrung bereits hoch aufgeladen. Die Sichtbarkeit der Maske und die Sichtbarmachung des Virus verweisen auf ihre komplexen (kultur)historischen Dimensionen und rufen philosophisch-ethische Fragen auf. Durch eine Gegenüberstellung von künstlerischen Zeugnissen historischer und gegenwärtiger Seuchenerfahrung werden im vorliegenden Beitrag historisch tradierte Muster von narrativen und visuellen Seuchendarstellungen, die auch den gegenwärtigen Pandemiediskurs bestimmen, herausgearbeitet und kritisch hinterfragt. Dabei wird gefragt, wie Kunst und Literatur zu einer rhetorischen und metaphorischen Deeskalation aktueller und zukünftiger pandemischer Krisendiskurse beitragen und damit auch eine der Ästhetik inhärente Ethik aufzeigen können.
Einleitung: „Philosophie der Stadt“
Authors: Klonschinski Andrea , Müller-Salo Johannes
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung: Obwohl sich die „Philosophie der Stadt“ in den letzten Jahrzehnten dynamisch entwickelt hat, stellt sie noch keine klar konturierte philosophische Teildisziplin dar. Dieser Zustand birgt Chancen und Probleme: Die aktuellen Debatten sind vielschichtig und kreativ, die Potentiale verschiedener Theorien, Traditionen und Methoden zur philosophischen Erschließung der Stadt werden erprobt und kombiniert. Zugleich zeigt sich nach wie vor eine gewisse Unsicherheit hinsichtlich der genauen Ziele und Aufgaben einer Philosophie der Stadt sowie hinsichtlich ihres Verhältnisses zu anderen Disziplinen der Stadtforschung. Die Einleitung in den Schwerpunkt (i) gibt Einblicke in den Stand der Debatte, (ii) arbeitet auf dieser Basis drei Ansätze der Beschreibung der Ziele und Aufgaben einer Philosophie der Stadt heraus, und (iii) ordnet die Beiträge des Schwerpunktes in diese Systematik ein.
Knapsack problem in fuzzy nature: Different models based on credibility ranking method
Authors: Niksirat Malihe , Nasseri Hadi
Published: September 2021

This paper deals with knapsack problem in fuzzy nature, where both the objective function and constraints are considered to be fuzzy. Three different models for fuzzy knapsack problem are proposed including, expected value model, chance-constrained model, and dependent-chance model. Credibility ranking method is applied to convert the fuzzy models into a crisp equivalent linear one considering triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. The solution of the fuzzy problem is obtained with respect to different satisfaction degrees in the objective function and constraints. Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate different models and concepts. The proposed approaches are applied to model and to solve a fuzzy pre-disaster investment decision problem.
Opportunities for Enhanced Transition of Care Preparation for Adolescents and Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Use of the READDY Transition Tool
Authors: Kamoun Camilia , Khoury Jane C. , Beal Sarah J. , Crimmins Nancy , Corathers Sarah D.
Published: September 2021

There is an ongoing need to determine best practices for effective transition from pediatric to adult care for adolescents and emerging adults (EAs) with type 1 diabetes given the potential for poor health outcomes post-transfer. This study evaluated self-reported confidence ratings as measured by the Readiness of Emerging Adults with Diabetes Diagnosed in Youth (READDY) tool among adolescents and EAs with type 1 diabetes and the association of the confidence ratings with clinical and demographic characteristics, as well as provider documentation of relevant anticipatory guidance topics. The READDY is a diabetes-specific tool used to collect patient-reported confidence in transition preparation topics to target educational interventions. These interventions are divided into four domains: Diabetes Knowledge, Health System Navigation, Insulin Self-Management, and Health Behaviors. A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients 15–24 years of age with type 1 diabetes who completed the READDY survey between January 2017 and January 2018 at a single center. Overall patient-reported confidence levels were high. However, adolescents and EAs endorsed their lowest levels of confidence on items assessing knowledge of alcohol, tobacco, sexual health, and the impact of diabetes on pregnancy (females only), with the percentages of low scores of 20.7, 25.9, 35.9, and 42.9%, respectively. Documentation of provider counseling about screening and prevention of diabetes comorbidities, alcohol use, and tobacco use was associated with scores in the higher range for the corresponding item in the READDY survey. These findings highlight an opportunity to create interventions related to developmentally important topics for adolescents and EAs with type 1 diabetes to enhance successful transition preparation.
Perhitungan Sebagai Seorang Investor Saham Atas Besaran Pajak Yang Harus Dibayarkan Kepada Negara
Authors: Dwik Suryacahyani Gunadi Ni Luh , Widyatama Jose
Published: September 2021

Investing is an activity that cannot be underestimated. Smart investing requires controlled analysis and management and investing is not a game. This study aims to provide a more in- depth description of the form of paper asset investment, namely stocks. Contains material from the most basic, namely what is shares to the calculation of taxes that must be paid by an investor or stock trader to the state for each transaction based on applicable provisions, namely Government Regulation Number 14 of 1997 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 41 of 1994 concerning Income on Income From the Transaction of the Sale of Shares on the Stock Exchange
Implementasi Kebijakan Pemungutan Pajak Atas Transaksi Perdagangan Melalui E-Commerce Di Indonesia
Authors: Beny I Kadek , Loviana Dewi Meilin
Published: September 2021

Tax collection policy is a policy issued by the government in an effort to increase state revenue. Taxes are a taxpayer's obligation or a taxpayer's contribution to a state that is compelling without receiving direct compensation, but the tax is usually allocated to the construction of public facilities and the interests of the government of a country. With the existence of a policy regarding tax collection on trade transactions carried out online, it is hoped that there will be an awareness of taxpayers to carry out their obligations. The types of taxes that can be imposed or collected are the type of income tax (PPh) and the type of value added tax (VAT). With this tax collection policy, it is hoped that it can increase state revenue from the tax sector, especially taxes from online trade transactions by utilizing E-Commerce media. The government through the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) has confirmed the E-Commerce transaction by issuing SE-62 / PJ / 2013 dated 27 December 2013 concerning the Affirmation of Taxation Provisions on E-Commerce Transactions, which states that there are no new taxes in E-Commerce transactions. commerce. Therefore, the seller or buyer can be taxed in accordance with the applicable tax laws. Taxes on E-Commerce transactions aim to apply justice to all taxpayers, both conventional and E-Commerce.
Pengaruh Latar Belakang Pendidikan, Lama Usaha, Dan Pemahaman Pengusaha Umkm Di Kota Bali Terhadap Tingkat Kepatuhan Pemenuhan Kewajiban Perpajakan
Authors: Boby Reza Arya Dana Kadek
Published: September 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of educational background, length of business, and understanding of MSME entrepreneurs on compliance with tax obligations. The subjects in this study were entrepreneurs who were involved in the UMKM business sector in the city of Bali. The number of samples used in this study were 78 respondents. The sampling method used in this study is by using convenience sampling, and the writing technique is done by using quantitative research methods. The data obtained by the researcher were then processed by multiple linear regression method using SPSS software. The results of the above research indicate that the educational background variable does not significantly influence the fulfillment of tax obligations. While the variables of length of business and understanding of MSME entrepreneurs have a significant effect on the fulfillment of tax obligations.
Penerapan Pajak Terhadap Industry Pariwisata Di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Otong Cucumandalin Gde , Surya Wahyu Arsadi I Made
Published: September 2021

Taxes are compulsory contributions to the state that are owed by individuals or entities that are compelling based on law, without receiving direct compensation and used for state needs for the greatest prosperity of the people. Payment of taxes is a manifestation of state obligations and the participation of taxpayers to directly and jointly carry out tax obligations for state financing and national development. The tourism industryis one of the tax contributors in Indonesia, which since the Covid- 19 pandemic, the tourism industry sector has experienced a decline. The drastically reduced number of tourists has certainlyled to a drop in business profitability of tourism business actors,ranging from tour service providers, airlines, hotels, restaurants, to marketplaces that sell tickets for tour trips. It is almost certainthat the tourism sector will be paralyzed until the COVID-19 pandemic subsides. Based on this fact, the researcher wants to examine how the policies issued by the government are related tostabilizing the economy, especially in the tourism industry. The method used in normative legal research is a legal writing method that aims to obtain library legal materials by analyzinglegal materials related to the issues discussed as well as studying the regulations per Invitation related to the issues discussed. Thisresearch is based on general problems in the community which later on by conducting this research provides reading material as an insight into the general public. The data collection techniqueis done by looking for a problem faced by the Indonesian people,especially in the tourism industry which has a large enough burden.
Improving the efficiency of interaction between participants in land and property relations to optimize the land management system
Authors: Tikhonova K. V. , Khavkunova I. A.
Published: September 2021

At the present stage of land and property relations development in the Russian Federation, one of the most acute problems in the system of their regulation is the need to improve the work of control and supervisory bodies to improve the efficiency of land management. It is necessary to modernize the monitoring system, create effective systems for planning and rational use of territorial formations lands, within the framework of which competent, economically sound decisions on their sustainable development should be made.

The main purpose of the processes study of participants’ interaction in land and property relations is to find solutions for optimizing the land management system.
Evaluation of functional zoning effectiveness and calculation of recreational load of
Presnensky City Park in Moscow
Authors: Ovchinnikova N. G. , Latsushba A. M.
Published: September 2021

The increase in the degree of urban settlements’ urbanization, the increase in the territories of industrial and residential zones, the increase in the level of motorization play a major role in changes in the ecology of the city, the destruction of the existing natural framework and the increase in the recreational load on the urban landscape. The natural framework has entered urban planning practice as one of the main prerequisites in the process of modernizing the principles of territorial planning, focused on saving resources while solving problems related to the protection of natural areas. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the city park "Presnensky" to assess the effectiveness of the existing functional zoning, as well as calculated indicators of the load on the recreational potential of the territory.
PEMBERDAYAAN DAN PEMANFAATAN TOGA DALAM MENINGKATKAN SISTEM IMUN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KELURAHAN NUSANTARA PERMAI
Authors: Oktarlina Rasmi Zakiah , Oktarlina Afra Rahmania Santi
Published: September 2021

Covid-19 merupakan penyakit yang sedang menjadi pandemi di berbagai belahan dunia karena laju penyebarannya yang sangat cepat. Untuk mengatasi covid-19 perlu adanya upaya pencegahan, salah satunya dengan meningkatkan imunitas tubuh dengan penggunaan tanaman obat keluarga. Penggunaan Tanaman obat dan keluarga didasari oleh efek khasiatnya sebagai obat yang dipergunakan untuk penyembuhan maupun mencegah berbagai penyakit dan memiliki kandungan efek sinergi dari berbagai zat yang mempunyai efek mengobati. Atas dasar-dasar tersebut maka dilakukan pengabdian pembuatan kebun tanaman obat dan keluarga yang dapat dilakukan dalam rangkaian proses Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN). Kegiatan ini penting dilakukan agar masyarakat mengetahui dan memanfaatkan tanaman-tanaman obat yang ada disekitar untuk mengobati penyakit-penyakit tertentu sebelum memutuskan untuk melakukan pengobatan medis yang menggunakan obatkimia.  Sehingga masyarakat dimasa pandemi covid-19 mampu menyediakan obat yang lebih murah dan efeksamping yang lebih ringan. Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan dan praktik atau demonstrasi. Sehingga masyarakat dapat mempraktikkan secara langsung dan menerapkan di sekitar lingkungan rumah. Dalam pelaksanaannya disampaikan metode pengolahan tanaman TOGA sehingga menjadi minuman immunostimulan yang menyehatkan maupun bagaimana cara menanamnya. Hasil yang diperoleh ialah terdapat peningkatan kemampuan dan kesadaran masyarakat yang  mulai menanam tanaman obat dan keluarga dipekarangan rumahnya.
PERBANDINGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH PROPINSI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nuraini Fadhilah , Andi Kiagus , Amelia Yunia , Dharma Fitra
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to compare the financial performance of the provincial governments in Java and Sumatra in the 2014-2017 period and to determine the differences in the financial performance of the provincial governments in Java and Sumatra in the 2014- 2017 period.The research method used is quantitative research methods. The population in this study is the report of the Realization of Regional Government Revenue and Expenditures of Provincial Governments in Indonesia in 2014-2017. The sample selection uses a purposive sampling technique that is sampling taking into account certain characteristics and criteria.The results of this study are based on the results of descriptive analysis in mind that the financial performance of provinces in Java is better than provinces in Sumatra. While the results of different tests show that there is no significant difference in the financial performance of the provincial governments in Java and Sumatra because it shows a significance value of more than 0.05.