bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Ideological Critique of the legacy of Nelson Mandela in Brenda Fassie' s “Black President”
Authors: Diko Mlamli
Published: June 2024

The intrarelationship between language and music is an enthralling and intricate interplay that spans various dimensions of human expression. Both language and music are complex forms of communication, and their interaction can be observed in several ways. Words, phrases, and sentences in a language underpin specific meanings and convey information. The structure and choice of words enable precise communication of thoughts, emotions, and ideas. Musical elements such as melody, harmony, rhythm, and dynamic forces contribute to the emotional and expressive power of music. Even without lyrics, instrumental music has the capacity to evoke a wide range of sensibilities. With this in mind, the primary aim of this article is to uncover Brenda Fassie's “Black President” in an attempt to unravel Nelson Mandela’s political and leadership discourse. To achieve this, employing an ideological critique framework as a theory is applied to the discussions. Ultimately, this article makes two notable findings and discussions. First, Fassie's “Black President” stands as a potent symbol in the context of postcolonial and post-apartheid South Africa. In fact, the clause “Black President” is laden with historical significance, representing a departure from the era of racial subjugation. Through linguistic choices and symbolic language, the song contributes to the ideological critique by illustrating Mandela's presidency as a transformative moment in the nation's history. Second (last), Fassie’s lyrical craftsmanship introduces a layer of narrative complexity, offering an ideological critique that goes beyond simple glorification. While the song acknowledges Mandela's heroic stature, it equally confronts the challenges and disparities countenancing in post-apartheid South Africa. Linguistic choices convey a multifaceted reflection on the “Black President's” legacy, questioning whether the dreams of liberation have materialized into concrete improvements for all citizens. The language used becomes a tool for critique, urging listeners to grapple with the intricacies of societal transformation and the realization that, despite the monumental changes, there remains unfinished business in the pursuit of liberty and justice. The concluding remarks underline the necessity to continue to examine political and leadership figures as (re)produced in musical linguistics.
Análise do evento extremo de precipitação ocorrido no Rio Grande do Sul entre abril e maio de 2024/ Analysis of the extreme precipitation event that occurred in Rio Grande do Sul between april and may 2024/ Análisis del evento de precipitación extrema ocurrido en Rio Grande do Sul entre abril y mayo de 2024
Authors: Porfírio da Rocha Rosmeri , Simões Reboita Michelle , Machado Crespo Natália
Published: June 2024

EDITORIAL
DETERMINANTS AND PERFORMANCES OF FOOD SECURITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA REGION COUNTRIES
Authors: Abdelaziz ibrahim Ehab
Published: June 2024

The current food security situation in the MENA region is surrounded by uncertainty and bleak due to several domestic and global challenges, such as a rapid increase in population growth rate, a global slowdown in economic growth rate, climate change impacts, a reduction in water resources, the spreading of political instability, the prevalence of malnutrition, low food production, high food import dependency, weak drinking water and sanitation services. This paper aims to shed light on the food security situation in the MENA region by investigating the determinants of food security and then measuring the food security performance of each MENA country. The study contributes to tackling the current food security situation in the MENA region by focusing on investigating the food security determinants and weights by using multiple regression analysis to understand the role of macroeconomic factors in improving food security performance in the MENA countries. The findings confirm that in terms of food availability and access, the MENA countries have decent stability on those dimensions, while food utilization and stability dimensions in MENA countries have poor performance.
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE OLIVE OIL VALUE CHAIN IN THE SEMI-ARID ZONES: THE CASE OF THE TIARET REGION (WESTERN ALGERIA)
Authors: SARNI Chafiaa , Zoubeidi Malika , Faci Massinissa , Bencherif Slimane
Published: June 2024

The development of agriculture in the world’s arid regions has always faced specific economic and environmental constraints. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the olive oil value chain in the semi-arid zones of Algeria (Tiaret); by carrying out a technical and economic analysis of this sector, in order to establish optimization strategies. The data was gathered through surveys of local olive growers and oleifactors. The results showed that olive growing in semi-arid areas is a profitable and economically efficient activity. Thus, one hectare of olive trees grown in a semi-arid area brings in nearly 7000 €/year to olive growers of the region, with a high economic efficiency coefficient reaching 4.4 in intensive systems. The encountered constraints are mainly localized upstream of the value chain and particularly affect the cultivation techniques used. Indeed, the production costs represent nearly 70% of the total charges. They are mainly affected by the costs of harvesting, phytosanitary treatment, and irrigation, which occupy 25%, 18%, and 16% of direct costs, respectively. The principal component analysis confirmed the results of the economic study on the data set.
Mehr Mediation im Journalismus wagen
Authors: Heinrichs Ellen , Henkel-Algrang Antje , Valldorf Jörn
Published: June 2024

Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie führen ein Interview und nutzen Fragetechniken aus der Mediation oder spiegeln gar die ein oder andere Antwort? Würde dies das Interview verbessern oder verschlechtern? Wäre die journalistische Unabhängigkeit bedroht oder würde es die Interviewqualität steigern, da es zu einem echten Austausch kommt? Ellen Heinrichs vom Bonn Institute plädiert genau dafür: Journalismus und Mediation zu verbinden.
Mediation barrierefrei? – Zeit zu handeln!
Authors: Fenz Aldona Anna
Published: June 2024

Dem großen Willen, Inklusion zu leben, steht ein ebenso großes Defizit an Umsetzungskompetenz entgegen. Als Koordinatorin für Belange von Menschen mit Behinderung – und damit als Praktikerin in Schaffung von Barrierefreiheit – sage ich: »Die Zeit der Willensbekundungen ist vorbei. Jetzt ist die Zeit der Umsetzung!« Strukturelle Barrierefreiheit muss selbstverständlicher Teil unserer Gesellschaft sein.
Wie Kinder lernen, Konflikte zu lösen
Authors: Becker-Stoll Fabienne , Henkel-Algrang Antje , Valldorf Jörn
Published: June 2024

Beständige liebevolle Fürsorge der engsten Bezugspersonen bildet die Basis einer gesunden Entwicklung im Kindesalter. Häufig erkennen Erwachsene die Grundbedürfnisse von Kindern jedoch nicht, reagieren unangemessen auf Alarmsignale und sind überfordert, wenn Konflikte entstehen. Fabienne Becker-Stoll, Direktorin des Staatsinstituts für Frühpädagogik und Medienkompetenz in Bayern, erläutert, wie Eltern und Pädagog*innen ihrer Verantwortung gerecht werden, die sozial-emotionalen Kompetenzen von Kindern fördern und ihre Konfliktfähigkeit stärken können.
The Use of Andesite Rocks in the Hindu-Buddhist Kingdoms in Indonesia
Authors: Saputra Yulian , Azmi Muhammad , Kurniawan Kurniawan
Published: June 2024

This research aims to explain the reasons for choosing andesite igneous rock as building material from Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms. The research method in this article uses four stages of historical research, namely; heuristic techniques, source criticism techniques, interpretation techniques, and historiography techniques. Data sources were collected through primary and secondary data. The four stages of this historical research method together with secondary primary data are then analyzed using a combination of historical geography to obtain an in-depth study. The results of the research illustrate that the use of andesite igneous rock was used for temple buildings, statues, relief sculptures, and writing from Pallawa to Ancient Java. The choice of andesite igneous rock during the Hindu-Buddhist kingdom was based on the quality of the rock. The quality of this andesite rock has high artistic value, gray in color, hard, chemical composition and specific texture that can be carved. The chemical composition is 57% -63% silica content with 6% alkali metal oxide content. The silica content of andesite igneous rock makes this rock material resistant to weathering.
The Role of Fort Asa City as a Basic Defense of The Bima Kingdom in 1667
Authors: Subari Subari , Anwar Anwar
Published: June 2024

The resistance of the Bima people in defending the kingdom's territory from Dutch colonial colonialism has taken quite a long time, where Asakota Fort has an important role as a maritime defense strategy. The aim of this research is to find out the struggle of the Bima people against the VOC (Verenigde Oost Indische) government from the territory of the Bima kingdom. The results of the research show that the Asakota Fortress had an important role in defending the naval resistance attacks between the Bima kingdom and the VOC government, because it was located in a strategic place to repel VOC warships that wanted to enter the Bima kingdom's territory. Asakota Fort was built during the time of Sultan Abdul Khair Sirajuddin as a sea defense fort at the entrance to the Bima kingdom. At that time the Gowa-Tallo kingdom had been defeated by the Dutch Company and ended with the Bongaya agreement.
Effectiveness of Quantitative Research Methods Course Module in Fostering Students' Academic Literacy
Authors: Sriwati Sriwati , Rochgiyanti Rochgiyanti , Susanto Heri , Prawitasari Melisa
Published: June 2024

This research endeavors to implement pedagogical techniques aimed at enhancing students' writing prowess within the framework of learning modules for courses on quantitative research methodologies utilizing a feedback-oriented approach. This research was carried out employing a pre-experimental design, specifically the type one group pretest-posttest design. The experimental cohort comprised pupils enrolled in the Quantitative Research Methods course, belonging to the History Education Department at Lambung Mangkurat University during the odd semester of the academic year 2022/2023. The research outcomes indicate that implementing the quantitative research methods course module with a feedback approach substantially enhances students' academic literacy in composing research proposals. It can be asserted that the implementation of modules employing a feedback-oriented approach is efficacious in cultivating students' proficiency in academic literacy pertaining to quantitative research methodologies
The Eruption of Mount Raung and Traces of Classical Cultural Heritage in The 15th - 16th Centuries in Bondowoso Regency
Authors: Pratama Akhmad Ryan , Jamil Robit Nurul , Swastika Kayan , Puja Gusti Ngurah Ary Kesuma , Na’im Mohamad
Published: June 2024

Research into the classical period in Bondowoso Regency has yet to provide a clear description of its archaeological remains. Between 2009 and 2020, numerous artifacts from the classical period were discovered, including kepeng money, ancient brick structures, and Majapahit-style wells buried 1 to 5 meters deep. No inscriptions definitively link these relics to the Majapahit kingdom, but their presence indicates that Bondowoso is rich in classical cultural artifacts. This study aims to investigate the historical traces of classical civilization in Bondowoso Regency, influenced by Hindu-Buddhist culture, which have not been thoroughly examined. The main objective of this research is to document and analyze the classical cultural remains in Bondowoso Regency, focusing on the number, type, form, and function of these artifacts. Accurate data on the distribution, quantity, and characteristics of these remains are essential for academic research, cultural heritage preservation, and tourism development. The research employs a historical method supported by archaeological approaches. This combined methodology is chosen for its effectiveness in addressing the research objectives, which rely heavily on the analysis of archaeological evidence, such as artifacts, structures, and buildings. The archaeological approach enhances the historical method by providing tangible data and context. Initial conclusions suggest that the classical civilization in Bondowoso began to decline due to the eruption of Mount Raung in the 16th century. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Bondowoso's historical and cultural landscape, highlighting the significance of its classical period remains. In summary, this study provides a comprehensive examination of the classical cultural artifacts in Bondowoso Regency, aiming to clarify their historical context and significance. The findings are expected to offer valuable insights for further academic research and contribute to the preservation and promotion of Bondowoso's cultural heritage.
Utilization Application Canva as Media Guidance and Counseling in School
Authors: Yuliyanti Tri
Published: June 2024

With the development of science and technology, the world is becoming easier, this is no exception in the world of education. This research aims to show how important the use of media is in providing counseling services. Technology continues to develop rapidly, therefore school teachers are required to be creative, one of which is by using the Canva application. The results of the discussion in this article contain the urgency of using bk media in guidance and counseling services and show the various features available in the Canva application. The aim of this article is to provide benefits in the form of information for guidance and counseling teachers in developing media in schools.
The Role of Artificial Intelegence as a Tool to Help Counselors in Improving Mental Health
Authors: Sepni Anita Anggi , Aulia Purba Keysa Nabila , Bahrul Ilmi M. Raja
Published: June 2024

In an era where technology continues to develop rapidly, the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly significant in various aspects of human life, including in the field of guidance and counseling, especially in the field of mental health. AI helps individuals reach their full learning potential. As part of computer science, AI aims to create machines (computers) that can do work like humans, even better. The use of AI in healthcare improves mental well-being and provides a way to bridge gaps in mental health and other health services. Mental health counseling involves interactions between counselors and individuals experiencing mental health problems, with a variety of therapeutic approaches to help them. AI developments have had a significant impact in this field, particularly through chatbot therapy which allows individuals to interact with AI chatbots to obtain help and advice regarding mental health issues.This research is motivated by the use of AI in student guidance and counseling. AI is a system that continues to develop in having intelligence similar to or even more than humans, which can be used in guidance and counseling services in schools. This research aims to explore how to use AI to increase the effectiveness, accessibility and responsibility of guidance and counseling services for students. One example of using AI is through Guidance and Counseling Chatbots.The research method used is a literature study, which reveals that many guidance and counseling students have adopted the use of AI in educational contexts. AI has great potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of education systems, with various types of AI that can be used, such as Canva, Google Meet, Zoom, Mozilla Firefox and ChatGPT. However, it is important to pay attention to academic ethics so that educational goals can be achieved well
Utilization of AI to Support the Diagnosis of Emotional Disorders in Counseling
Authors: Raihana Fadila Wanda , Erka Fitri Shindi , Puri Azzahra Meisya , Sabarrudin
Published: June 2024

In accordance with the development of the times, of course, in order to make good use of guidance and counseling, you can use AI (Artifical Intelligence) to help in solving problems owned by clients. One of the problems mentioned is about emotional disorders that have recently been experienced by many individuals. Emotional disturbances are a serious problem in a person's development. In the United States, parents of 1,500,000 children and adolescents have children who have emotional problems. In 2003 in a survey of the Indonesian Mental Health Federation (FeKMI) there were results in 10 major cities in Indonesia, namely Medan, Jakarta, Bandung, Padang. Surabaya, Semarang, Yogyakarta, Ujung Pandang, Banjarmasin and Denpasar showed that 54% of teenagers had fought, 87% lied, 28% thought violence was normal and 8.9% had tried drugs. The purpose of this study is how effective the use of AI to support the diagnosis of emotional disorders in counseling. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach with a type of literature study, namely a method with data collection by understanding and studying theories from various literature related to the research. This approach was chosen because it provides a more in-depth explanation of how to use AI to support the diagnosis of a person's emotional disorder in counseling by understanding, and studying theories both from books, journals and existing research. Based on literature studies, it can be understood that the use of AI to support the diagnosis of emotional disorders in counseling is not entirely effective in the use of AI such as applications and websitw in diagnosing emotional disoders and conducting counseling because counseling services still require professional counselors in directing dients and assisting dients in solving problems
The Influence Of AI on Students' Mind Patterns
Authors: Aisyah  , Dwi Yulianti Poppy , Yandhini Suci , Putri Sari Adek Dwi , Herawani Irna , Oktarini Ira
Published: June 2024

This writing aims to find out how Artificial Intelligence influences student thinking patterns, how students apply Artificial Intelligence in their learning process. The research method uses a literature study approach. The results of the writing explain the influence of Artificial Intelligence on students' thinking patterns, where in this writing there are positive and negative influences in its use. With Artificial Intelligence Can change the way students think, namely by helping students find information easily and quickly, but on the other hand, AI is the main cause of students' laziness to study hard to fulfill their competencies. Students become lazy to open books or journals and lazy to discuss with their fellow students.Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have brought significant changes to the field of higher education, including in terms of student mindset. This qualitative research aims to explore the impact of AI on students' mindsets in their learning and self-development processes. Using a phenomenological approach, this study investigates students' experiences, perceptions and interpretations regarding the use of AI in academic environments through in-depth interviews and participant observation. The data obtained were analyzed using thematic methods to identify main themes and emerging patterns. Research findings reveal that although AI is considered a useful tool in the learning process, there are concerns regarding the potential for over-reliance on AI and its impact on students' critical thinking skills and creativity. Additionally, the use of AI also raises ethical challenges such as plagiarism and cheating. This research provides valuable insight into how AI influences college students' mindsets and highlights the importance of education about the responsible and ethical use of AI in academic settings.
AI Benefits in Mental Health Counseling
Authors: Erlin Azie , Putri Helma , Andesfi Ratia , Sabarrudin
Published: June 2024

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly widespread and indispensable in human life such as education, services, and so on. This development is demonstrated by the large number of devices using artificial intelligence or AI-based technology. This device greatly simplifies human work. This study aims to find out the benefits of AI in mental health counseling The research method that is conducted is a literature review that uses data collection sources relevant to this study can be in books, magazines, and other print media, or can be obtained from photographs and videos. In the digital age as it is today, the internet and social media have become an important part of human life. In 2019, about 71% of the global population accessed the internet and 45% of the global population used social media (Kemp, 2019). The development of AI technology in social media, such as content personalization, can affect human behavior and strengthen biases that can affect mental health. For example, personalization of content on social media can make humans exposed to the same view constantly, which can strengthen bias and affect mental health (Fornell & Kocovski, 2018)
First experience of breeding of Russian hornless cattle breed in the conditions of the Republic of Kalmykia
Authors:   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Kvashnina M.A. , Ponomarev V.V. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Karpenko E.V. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Chernikov E.V. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production
Published: June 2024

Purpose. Analysis of the economic and biological features of the Russian hornless breed of cattle bred in the Republic of Kalmykia. Materials and Methods. The work was carried out in the conditions of the farm of IE KFF (Individual entrepreneur peasant (farm) farm) Iskam I.A. Maloderbetovsky district of the Republic of Kalmykia. The object of the study is bathing cattle of the Russian polled breed. The material was the results of the bounty sheets of cattle of the Russian hornless breed for 2023, which were provided by the individual entrepreneur by the head of the farm Iskam I.A. Maloderbetovsky district of the Republic of Kalmykia. Results. Studies have shown that animals with a strong constitution have a pro-dignity of life longer and retain reproducible ability and high productivity until old age. Cattle on the farm are characterized by well-defined meat forms of build and a strong constitution. Animals have a rather wide body with developed muscles, massive hams, a powerful anterior part with a dilapidated chest; are well adapted to the sharply continental and arid climate of the zone of location of the farm. Studies conducted by employees of VRIMMP have established that high growth in large animals is combined with a wide body, which determines high indicators of their living weight. One of the main among the economic and useful signs of a meat cow is its milk productivity. Calves are weaned from mother cows on the farm at the age of 7-7,5 months, as well as depending on their condition, although overexposure of them on suction after 8 months of age negatively affects the preparation of the mother stock for wintering and further reproduction. Conclusion. The farm of the individual entrepreneur of the head of the farm Iskam I.A. on the basis of a high-class livestock is engaged in targeted breeding work to consolidate and improve the economic and useful prizes of the Russian hornless breed. Due to the improvement of the existing highly productive lines of combed animals, which produce high growth energy, give a good slaughter yield, are adapted to pasture content and more efficiently use coarse and juicy feeds, the farm plans to reduce the productivity of the herd.
Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of probiotic supplements in the diets of fattening rabbits
Authors:   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Zolotareva A.G. , Gorlov I.F. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Mosolov A.A. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Knyazhechenko O.A. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production
Published: June 2024

Purpose. Comparative study of the effect of prebiotic feed additives "Chlorelact" and "Lactuvet-1" on indicators of natural resistance and microflora of rabbit intestines. Materials and Methods. Scientific and practical experience was conducted on male rabbits of a hybrid breed using new lactulose-containing feed additives in the diet. The research was carried out using standardized methods in accredited laboratories. The reliability of the results is confirmed by their processing by statistical methods. Results. Diets supplemented with various levels of feed additives had a significant impact on some of the studied signs, especially immune responses, as well as antioxidant and hematobiochemical parameters. Thus, when comparing the level of bactericidal activity of blood serum (ALS) the superiority of animals of the experimental groups was revealed: I – by 3.0% (P≤0.001), II – by 2.07% (P≤0.01), over control rabbits. The results of determining the number of microorganisms in the blind processes of the intestines of animals showed that the number of microorganisms is the largest in the II experimental group that consumed the Chlorelact supplement, and prevails over their content in the blind processes of their peers. At the same time, in rabbits that consumed the studied additives, the superiority of the content of normal microflora over pathogenic relative to control was noted. Conclusion. According to the results of the conducted studies, the hypothesis has been experimentally confirmed that the use of chlorella as a natural feed additive in the diets of rabbits can improve their health, and, as a result, will allow in the future to abandon the use of antibiotics or growth-stimulating drugs during the fattening period.
Plug-In based Software Architecture for the Development of Sustainable Software Ecosystem: Do’s and Don’ts
Authors: Sohail Sayeed
Published: June 2024

In this paper we review the use of plug-in architectures as a technological platform for software ecosystems. Our observation is that the software community has viewed and used plug-ins as powerful extension mechanisms offering a wide range of quality properties. Looking beyond such low level technical interpretation, we argue that pluggable systems should be perceived and treated as a higher level architectural pattern for the development of sustainable software ecosystem. In order to back our perspective, we offer a detail documentation of the plug-in architecture along with technical documentation of a widely used plug-in based software ecosystems, namely, Apache web server, as a guideline for building new open source software ecosystems.
Early childhood policies promote individual skills far more than social cohesion
Authors: Bobrowicz Katarzyna , Gracia Pablo , Teuber Ziwen , Greiff Samuel
Published: June 2024

In recent decades, governments worldwide reformed early childhood education (ECE) to prepare children for rapid social transformations. These reforms coincided with a surge in economic inequalities across employees with diverse skills, coupled with widespread acceptance of meritocratic beliefs holding that talent and effort, rather than uncontrollable factors and social context, shape individuals’ lifetime success. We examined whether the reformed ECE may foster the economic meritocratic mindset based on international advisory reports and government-endorsed curricula from 54 countries. Thematic analyses indicated that, although themes of solidarity and inclusion were represented in three-fourths of the curricula, individuals' dependence on uncontrollable external factors and on others for lifetime success were largely missing. This implies that the ECE reforms have been promoting a mindset that, combined with surging economic inequalities, may threaten social cohesion. To alleviate this threat, ECE should foster understanding that individual lifetime success critically depends on uncontrollable factors and social support.
Beyond Uniform Perception: Individual and Stimulus-Specific Differences in Visual Working Memory
Authors: DeStefano Isabella , Vul Edward , Brady Timothy F.
Published: June 2024

Working memory is crucial for short-term information processing, but its limited capacity means items are not represented with perfect fidelity to the external world. Many systematic patterns of error exist that are thought to be telling of the underlying mechanisms that process and maintain information in memory. Here we suggest that the processes governing some of these patterns of errors are interrelated and highly individual. Specifically, we look at how perceptual structure relates to stimulus-specific biases in color, and further explore the possible implication of this connection for contextual biases like serial dependence and repulsion between concurrently presented items. In Experiment 1, using a novel within-participant serial reproduction method, we reveal reliable attractors in color space across individuals, as well as individual differences that significantly influence these stimulus-specific biases. Simulations based on an independently measured perceptual structure of the stimulus space reproduce the group-level differences but do not capture the observed individual variation. In Experiment 2, we investigate how contextual biases – serial dependence when remembering 1 item and inter-item repulsion when remembering 2 items – interact with stimulus-specific biases. We identify color-specific properties of these contextual biases, suggesting they may depend on the stimulus-specific biases. We argue that because stimulus-specific biases are connected to perceptual structure, this same latent structure may impact the contextual biases. Overall, we show a strong connection between stimulus-specific biases, contextual biases, and perceptual structure, as well as rich individual differences in these biases.
Learning from neurodivergent students about their mental health and wellbeing during transition from primary to secondary school: A scoping review
Authors: Palikara Olympia , Jones Cat Lucy , Lucas Rebecca , Pavlopoulou Georgia , Kelly Laura , Sideropoulos Vasileios
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The effect of transition from primary to secondary education for neurodivergent children is an issue that has received little attention in the existing literature.Methods: By adopting a neurodiversity-affirming approach, we evaluate and synthesise current knowledge in relation to the child-reported effect that this transition has on the psychosocial wellbeing and mental health of children with neurodivergences such as autism, developmental language disorder, and down syndrome.Results: This review highlights gaps and limitations of the existing literature, methodological challenges, and priorities for future research into school transition for neurodivergent children.Conclusions: The theoretical and educational implications of this review for the development of evidence-based interventions studies targeting the transition period from primary to secondary education for neurodivergent children are discussed.
An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis to Support Power Analyses for Randomized Intervention Studies in Preschool: Cognitive and Socio-Emotional Learning Outcomes
Authors: Brunner Martin , Stallasch Sophie Elise , Artelt Cordula , Lüdtke Oliver
Published: June 2024

There is a need for robust evidence about which educational interventions work in preschool to foster children’s cognitive and socio-emotional learning (SEL) outcomes. Lab-based individually randomized experiments can develop and refine such interventions, and field-based randomized experiments (e.g., cluster randomized trials) evaluate their effectiveness in real-world daycare center settings. Applying reliable estimates of design parameters in the context of a priori power analyses is essential to ensure that the sample size of these studies is adequate to support strong statistical conclusions regarding the strength of the intervention effect. However, there is little knowledge on relevant design parameters with preschool children. We therefore utilized a systematic collection of individual participant data from four German probability samples (554 ≤ N ≤ 2928) with preschool children (aged two to six years) to estimate and meta-analyze design parameters. These parameters are relevant for planning single-level (e.g., in non-clustered lab-based settings), two-level (children nested in daycare centers), and three-level (children nested in groups, with groups nested in daycare centers) randomized intervention studies targeting cognitive and SEL outcomes assessed with three methods (standardized tests, parent ratings, and educator ratings). The design parameters depict between-group and -center differences as well as the proportion of variance in the outcomes explained by different covariate sets (socio-demographic characteristics, baseline measures, and their combination) at the child, group, and center level. In conclusion, this paper provides a rich source of design parameters, recommendations, and illustrations to support a priori power analyses for randomized intervention studies in early childhood education research.
A behavioral dataset of predictive decisions given trends in information across adulthood
Authors: Sazhin Daniel , Murty Vishnu P. , Helion Chelsea , Smith David Victor
Published: June 2024

Making early and good predictions is a critical feature of decision making in domains such as investing and predicting spreads of diseases. Past literature indicates that people use recent and longer-term trends to extrapolate future outcomes. Nonetheless, less is known about what differentiates the strategies people at making better predictions than others. Further, identifying factors underlying predictive judgments could be an important behavioral factor in psychosocial research such as manic-depression, anxiety, age effects, and understanding how living in areas with greater income inequality can affect decision making. To address these issues, we used investment tasks where participants had to predict future outcomes of their investments based on a trend in information. We used a task where a participant predicts how many tokens a gold mine will produce on the twelfth turn. On each turn, participants selected whether they judged the gold mine would produce more or less than 100 tokens by the 12th turn, or if they wanted more information. The trend was determined by function type (exponential and inverse exponential functions), whether the function was more linear or curved (growth factors), and good or bad outcomes (final values). This paradigm could help disentangle to what degree people use recent or longer-term information to inform their predictive judgments. We used Qualtrics to conduct this study. We also collected questionnaire data quantifying anxiety, impulsivity, risk attitudes, manic-depressive symptoms, and other psychosocial characteristics. The study was administered to adults with age ranges across the lifespan (N=360; 225 male, 132 female; nonbinary: 3; mean age: 44.3 years; sd: 15.4 years, min: 18 years, max: 78 years). Additionally, we sampled across areas with high- and low-income inequality, thereby allowing researchers to investigate if value-based decisions are associated with participants’ local community. We outline potential ways to use and reuse this data, including exploring how individual differences are associated with predictive judgments.
Green Lawfare: Environmental mobilization in the era of judicialization
Authors: Hau Mark Friis , Pinos Jaume Castan
Published: June 2024

In this article, we explore the concept of ‘green lawfare’, an increasingly popular strategy of environmental mobilization combining legal and political instruments to create new repertoires of social action. We offer a conceptualization of this emerging term and examine its pervasiveness in the context of three key factors: the increasing role of courts in politics (judicialization), the utility of legal actions (effectiveness), and current developments in the environmental movement (institutionalization). We illustrate this through a series of lawsuits filed against the transnational oil company Shell. These cases exemplify the diverse practices of green lawfare, the variety of social actors employing it, and the range of possible outcomes from its application. While green lawfare is no panacea, the blend of politics and law into a coherent ensemble can be a potent tool for actors to wield legal power in addressing the most pressing global challenge of our time —climate change.
Twigging the US-China Competition from the Lens of Offensive Realism: Implications for Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Gaurav , Lamichhane Dron
Published: June 2024

What are the implications of ongoing US-China competition on the entire global system and particularly to strategically-placed countries like Nepal? The United States has been voicing its growing displeasure against China’s rise. The United States regards China's military modernization and economic growth as evidence that it will not be a status quo power. In this scenario, there is a widespread belief that great power is inherently offensive, that the quest for power never ends, and that China will maintain the status quo posture until it achieves power parity with the United States. As a result, the United States has shifted its policy toward the Asia-Pacific region and is forming strategic alliances to counterbalance China. It is argued that if there were no legacies of friendship and ideological proximity, a great power fall or power transition from a dominant nation to a challenger almost always results in a cold war or major war. The U.S. and China have cultural and ideological differences; however, China has integrated many aspects of the existing international order and its global norms. In this background, this article examines fundamental assumptions of offensive realism and the nature of the U.S.-China rivalry, as well as the meaning of China’s rise and the U.S.-China greater power competition for Nepal. This phenomenon will be tested through offensive realism and how it amounts to great power behavior.
Extension of the Triple Helix to Quadruple to Quintuple Helix Model
Authors: Kunwar Ramesh Raj , Ulak Nimesh
Published: June 2024

This study explores the multiple helices extended from the Triple Helix (TH) Model of innovation. Describing what Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix and Quintuple Helix Model as well as and Mode3 is the primary motive of this paper. This study is solely based on secondary sources and the research is exploratory as well as descriptive in its nature. Originally proposed by Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff (1995), the TH Model elucidated innovation dynamics stemming from interactions among academia, industry, and government. Building upon this foundation, the Quadruple Helix Model was introduced as the fourth helix, emphasizing basically on the role of civil society in innovation processes, thus highlighting aspects of social inclusion, public engagement, and ethical considerations. Likewise, the Quintuple Helix Model incorporates socio-ecological interactions, emphasizing the generation and dissemination of knowledge impacting the natural environment. This framework basically depicts opportunities for addressing new challenges such as climate change through innovation for sustainable development within the knowledge society and economy. Similarly, exploring the implications of Mode 1, Mode 2, and Mode 3 knowledge on economy, society and democracy, this study also attempts to investigate the evolution of innovation helix models and their impact on fostering inclusive, collaborative, and sustainable innovation ecosystems. In course of studying the model of innovation system, there come simple question about how the Triple Helix Model of innovation has been extended up to Quintuple Helix via Quadruple Helix Model of innovation. This is a policy-based research which will help to the stakeholders like academics, planners, researchers, industry leaders, entrepreneurs, and governing bodies for understanding Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix and Quintuple Helix model in better way.
Agricultural Credit: A Powerful Tool for Rural Youth Self-Employment
Authors: Lamichhane Basu Dev
Published: June 2024

The assurance of agricultural credit, the government of Nepal should have investment in agricultural infrastructure; establish mechanism for agro eco-system, effective management of agro in-put, reliable insurance policy for agriculture, favorable policy for agriculture development, assurance of repayment of agricultural loan. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the prospects of agricultural finance to rural youth for self-employment. This study has used descriptive research design. Agricultural development programs and employment creation should be rural oriented and particularly targeted to the migrant people returning from abroad during the pandemic. Agriculture is sustained way for long -term employment to them. For the commercialization, modernization and development of agricultural sector various programs and activities has been implemented, but all of these are not accessed to targeted farmers. A specific financial institution for agricultural finance is needed and special package for youths is essential. The conclusion of the study shows that agricultural credit and rural youth employment have significant relationship with economic and social re-establishment of society. The findings of the study will benefit policy makers, economist, and bank and financial institutions (BFIs).
Practices of Capital Budgeting for Industrial Development in Nepal: A Study of Beverages Industries
Authors: Ghimire Shivraj , Chaudhary Dipendra Kumar
Published: June 2024

Nepal is a birth place of Lord Buddha and small landlocked country of Asia. Being a landlocked country, the sea access is about 1150 kilometer from the boarder and wedged between two economic power of Asia; China in the North side separated by the Himalayans with 1236 kilometer and India in the South, East & West side with open boarder of 1690 kilometer. Capital budgeting is a process of planning of capital expenditure which is to be made to maximize the long term profitability of the organization. Expenditure made with a view to reap extra benefits over a long period is regarded as capital expenditure. It incurred for acquisition, expansion and modification of fixed assets; research & development expenditure for product development and cost reduction; expenditure incurred in compliance to statutory regulation as to labour, social welfare & environmental issues are major forms of capital expenditure. On the way of completion of the study and achieving the mentioned objectives, we have selected two beverages companies as a sample of the study “Practices of Capital Budgeting for Industrial Development in Nepal; A Study of Beverages Industries”. One of the sample companies is Sunrise Nepal Food & Beverages Pvt. Ltd., (A Franchisee of Parle Agro Pvt. Ltd., India) and another sample company is Birgunj Pure Drinking Water Udyog. This study focused on Initial Investment, Pay Back Period (PBP), Accounting Rate of Return (ARR), Cost of Capital, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Profitability Index (PI) and Chi-squire test of the data provided by the management of the sample companies.
Adnexal torsion in a 20-year-old nulliparous woman
Authors: Gurung Kismat , Adhikari Pritha
Published: June 2024

Twisting of an organ or a part of it along its own axis is known as torsion. Twisting of the ovary, often along with the fallopian tube is known as adnexal torsion. Both the ovaries and fallopian tubes are often involved so the preferred term is adnexal torsion rather than ovarian torsion. It is the fifth most common gynaecological emergency. Twisting of the ovary, often along with the fallopian tube on its ligamentous supports results in vascular compromise and infarction of the ovary. The patient usually presents with a sudden onset of intense pain; however, this is not always the case. Imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis of adnexal torsion and the definitive management of surgical detorsion which facilitates preservation of the ovary.
Prevalence of type of dental caries among the patients visiting a tertiary health care center in the Western region of Nepal
Authors: Pradhan Babita , Kunwar Deepa , Ranjit Rebicca , Gyawali Namrata
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Dental caries is one of the major public health problems globally due to its high prevalence and significant social impact. The objective of the present study was to assess the most prevalent type of dental caries among the studied population.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 participants. The data were collected by intraoral examination of the subjects, where the type of dental caries in each patient was examined. The surfaces infected with dental caries were recorded as occlusal pit and fissure caries, root caries, smooth surface caries, and recurrent caries. Descriptive statistical methods were applied for data analysis.
Results: The most prevalent type of dental caries was found to be the occlusal pit and fissure caries 595(66.04%) followed by smooth surface caries 220(24.42%), recurrent caries 54(5.99%) and root caries 32(3.55%). The occlusal pit and fissure caries was more prevalent in the mandibular arch 298(67.73%). Males had more prevalence of different types of dental caries. Based on the age group, 40 to 50 years age group had the most prevalent type of occlusal pit and fissure caries 60(20%).
Conclusions: The results showed a high prevalence of occlusal pit and fissure caries in the study population followed by smooth surface caries, recurrent caries, and root caries.
Estimation of cervical vertebral bone age by using mathematical formula: A cephalometric study
Authors: Bhattarai Rashmi , Shrestha Rabindra Man , Dhakal Jyoti
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Craniofacial growth is an integral part of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment. Optimal effectiveness of orthodontic/orthopedic appliance is achieved during pubertal growth spurts, evaluation of maturation and growth potential is important. Radiographic assessment of hand-wrist bones is a reliable indicator of skeletal maturation, however, it requires a separate radiograph. The objective of this study was to evaluate skeletal maturation using cervical vertebral dimensions.
Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study using lateral cephalograms of 52 subjects (26 males and 26 females). Manual tracing was done on the collected sample. Landmarks on C3 and C4 were marked. Measurement was recorded and cervical vertebral bone age was calculated by using the formula. Mandibular growth potential was calculated from cervical vertebral bone age. Paired-t test was performed to compare the cervical vertebral bone age and the chronological ages among the samples and between sexes. The correlation between the cervical vertebral bone age and the mandibular growth potential was determined by use of Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Results: The mean chronological and cervical vertebral bone age was 13.38±1.42 and 14.08±1.83 years respectively and was significant. No significant differences was found among male samples (p=0.230) whereas it was significant among females (p=0.002). A strong negative correlation was found between the cervical vertebral bone age and mandibular growth potential (r= -0.943). Linear regression equation was derived as CVBA= -4.2857+1.4286CA.
Conclusions: The study showed a strong negative correlation between cervical vertebral bone age and mandibular growth potential