bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating an Interprofessional Education Experience Through Short-Term Study Abroad
Authors: Manspeaker Sarah A. , Wallace Sarah E.
Published: December 2019

Context

Student interest in and national recognition for the value of global education is expanding. Opportunities for interprofessional education (IPE) are a required component of athletic training education and education of other health care professions.

Objective

To describe the development of a short-term study abroad IPE course in the international setting of Australia.

Background

While some literature is available for discipline-specific study abroad experiences, limited information is available for implementing IPE in the international setting.

Description

Two faculty leaders from athletic training and speech language pathology, with IPE experience, designed and conducted a 17-day immersive study abroad experience for 12 students from 7 health care professional programs (athletic training, nursing, physical therapy, physician assistant studies, premedical, occupational therapy, and speech language pathology).

Clinical Advantage

Students desire unique, global learning experiences but may have trouble studying abroad for full semesters due to the lockstep nature of curriculum within their professional education programs. Having students learn from, with, and about each other in an international setting may enhance their preparation for collaborative practice.

Conclusions

Short-term study abroad opportunities offer an alternative to satisfy student interest in global education while meeting programmatic requirements for IPE. Inclusion of faculty leaders from different disciplines fosters interprofessional learning.
The Year in “Ramadan Fasting and Health” (2018): A Narrative Review
Authors: Beshyah Salem , Badi Amal , El-Ghul Ashraf , Gabroun Ahmed , Dougman Khaled , Eledrisi Mohsen
Published: December 2019

Introduction: There has been an increased interest in health implications of Ramadan fasting (RF). Materials and Methods: This is a narrative, nonsystematic review of the literature including all relevant full articles in English in three electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar). The search term “Ramadan fasting” was used to identify the relevant records to provide a readily comprehensible concise account of the contributions made to research and clinical practice in 1 year (2018). Results: The publications spanned basic, clinical, ethical, professional, and cultural and advocacy facets of the subject. The publications crossed the conventional disciplinary lines and geographical locations and appeared in journals with varying systems of access. Only full-text research articles in English were reviewed. Review articles, news, note items, and correspondence were not included. No formal bibliometric analysis is presented. Emerging concepts are presented under the relevant subheading depending on the available literature. Impact of RF on diabetes control, pregnancy outcome and fetal life, and sports and athletes' well-being received somewhat more prominent coverage by research work published in 2018. Renovascular disease, and risk factors, posttransplant care, and some metabolic concerns for patients with hepatic, renal, and metabolic conditions were covered too. Patterns of use of emergency services during Ramadan and features of some specific medical emergencies were examined by some workers. Most interesting perhaps was the greater focus on documenting the perception, attitudes, and practices of both patients and healthcare professions regarding deciding and acting during Ramadan. Isolated research reports addressed subjects of wide nature from body composition and energy metabolism to smoking, law, music, and history. Conclusions: The volume of scholarly work on Ramadan fasting and health remains modest. Greater improvements in both quality and quantity of research on Ramadan are needed. Most studies indicate that Ramadan fasting is safe in mild and stable medical conditions under normal circumstances. High risk individuals must be identified, evaluated and managed on individual basis. Experiences from epidemiological, observational and experimental studies reviewed in this article should inform patients' and physicians' decisions.
Activation of Tyrosine Metabolism in CD13+ Cancer Stem Cells Drives Relapse in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sun Li , Zhang Lin , Chen Jun , Li Chaoqun , Sun Hongqin , Wang Jiangrong , Xiao Hong
Published: December 2019

PurposeCancer stem cells (CSCs) are naturally resistant to chemotherapy, explaining why tumor relapse frequently occurs after initial regression upon administration of chemotherapeutic agents in most cases. A CSC population characterized by CD13 expression has been identified in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the current study, we aimed to clarify the molecular mechanism by which it escapes conventional therapies. Materials and MethodsHere, we used flow cytometry to examine the percentage of CD13+ CSCs in HepG2 and HuH7 cells after chemotherapy. Using in vitro isotope labeling technique, we compared metabolic pathways between CD13+ and CD13– subpopulations. Using co-immunoprecipitation and western blotting, we determined the target expressions in protein levels under different conditions. We also performed immunohistochemistry to detect the target proteins under different conditions. Animal models were constructed to verify the potential role of tyrosine metabolism in post-chemotherapeutic relapse in vivo.ResultsWe observed that quiescent CD13+ CSCs are enriched after chemotherapy in HCCs, and serve as a reservoir for recurrence. Mechanistically, CD13+ CSCs were dependent on aerobic metabolism of tyrosine rather than glucose as energy source. Tyrosine metabolism also generated nuclear acetyl-CoA to acetylate and stabilize Foxd3, thereby allowing CD13+ CSCs cells to sustain quiescence and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.ConclusionThese findings encourage further exploration of eliminating CD13+ cells by targeting specific metabolic pathways to prevent recurrence in HCCs.
Решение в виде ряда десятипараметрического дифференциального уравнения второго порядка с тремя регулярными и одной нерегулярной особенностью
Authors: Alhaidari Abdulaziz D.
Published: December 2019

Рассматривается десятипараметрическое обыкновенное линейное дифференциальное уравнение второго порядка с четырьмя особыми точками. Три из них конечны и регулярны, а четвертая лежит на бесконечности и нерегулярна. Для получения решения уравнения в виде ограниченного бесконечного ряда квадратично-интегрируемых функций, выраженных через полиномы Якоби, используется подход трехдиагонального представления. Коэффициенты разложения удовлетворяют рекуррентному соотношению с тремя членами, решение которого записывается через модифицированные ортогональные полиномы Хана от непрерывной переменной. Представлены физические приложения: рассматриваются квантово-механические системы, которые могут быть описаны дифференциальным уравнением, позволяющим выразить соответствующие потенциалы и энергии через параметры уравнения, а также получить волновую функцию системы.
Об обратной задаче рассеяния для уравнения Шредингера с дополнительным линейным потенциалом
Authors: Khanmamedov Agil Khanmamed ogly , Makhmudova Malika G
Published: December 2019

Рассмотрено одномерное уравнение Шредингера с дополнительным линейным потенциалом на всей оси. Построен оператор преобразования с условием на $-\infty$. Получено основное интегральное уравнение Гельфанда-Левитана на полуоси $(-\infty,x)$. Доказана однозначная разрешимость основного уравнения.
О неоднородной плотности электронов в статическом поле ядер
Authors: Bobrov Viktor Borisovich
Published: December 2019

Проведено рассмотрение термодинамического потенциала кулоновской системы электронов и ядер в рамках адиабатического приближения для подсистемы ядер. В этом приближении косвенное взаимодействие между ядрами полностью определяется неоднородной плотностью электронной подсистемы в статическом поле ядер. Получено разложение для неоднородной электронной плотности в виде суммы "одноцентровой", "двухцентровой" и т. д. групповых функций для электронов. На этой основе рассмотрены статистическая сумма атома и условие квазинейтральности в разреженной атомарной плазме.
Modelling Approach of an Innovation Process in Engineering Education: The Case of Mechanical Engineering
Authors: Zergout Imane , Ajana Souad , Adam Catherine , Bakkali Soumia
Published: December 2019

Nowadays, the concept of innovation is omnipresent in most political discourses as well as in technological, socio-economic and scientific development plans. Innovation is essential for solving complex problems in new ways, which can lead countries to development and prosperity. The realisation of an innovation is not the result of a random act, but the product of a multidisciplinary process, rich in methods and scientific and technical tools, using materials and human resources. These human resources, in particular engineers, must possess both technical and soft skills that strengthen their capacity to innovate, and which have been in continual development since the initial training phase. Innovation is at the heart of engineer training concerns and requires management and structuring according to a well-defined process.The objective of this paper is to present the approach followed to define an innovation training process model for engineers through Project Based Learning (PBL). In this work, we have identified the main components of our process through a combination of data from the literature review and the results of an empirical study. Innovative projects in the field of mechanical engineering, carried out by future Moroccan engineers, were studied in depth. The results of the study enabled the identification of the different elements characterising the process of carrying out an innovative project such as the inputs, outputs, control milestones and resources required for the implementation of innovative educational projects in this field. These elements were supported by semi-directive interviews to form the basis of our systemic modelling.
Independent, Tough Identical Results: The Class of Tweedie on Power Variance Functions and the Class of Bar-Lev and Enis on Reproducible Natural Exponential Families
Authors: Bar-Lev Shaul K.
Published: December 2019

The Rao-Blackwell theorem has had a fundamental role in statistical theory. However, as opposed to what seems natural, Rao and Blackwell did not investigate and write the theorem jointly. In fact, they both published the same result independently, two years apart. Indeed, as C.R. Rao writes in Wikipedia: ”the result on one parameter case was published by Rao (1945) in the Bulletin of the Calcutta Mathematical Society and by Blackwell (1947) in The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. Only Lehmann and Sche ´e (1950) called the result as Rao-Blackwell theorem”. Forty years later, a situation very similar to the previous one seems to have happened. Tweedie (1984) in a paper published in a proceedings to a conference held in Calcutta and Bar-Lev and Enis (1986) in a paper published in The Annals of Statistics both presented for the first time, albeit two years apart, independently and in di erent contexts, the class of natural exponential families having power variance functions (NEF-PVFs). Tweedie’s results were then mentioned by Jorgensen (1987) in his fundamental paper on exponential dispersion models published in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B. Jorgensen, however, mentioned also other researchers, including Bar-Lev and Enis, as dealt with the same problem. Nonetheless, Jorgensen (1987) stated in his paper that ”The most complete study” of NEF-PVFs was given by Tweedie (1984), a statement which has led to naming the class of NEF-PVFs as the Tweedie class. This statement of Jorgensen is entirely and utterly incorrect. Accordingly, one of the goals of this note is to 'prove' such incorrectness. Based on this 'proof' it will be evident, so I trust, that both Bar-Lev and Enis should have received the appropriate credit by re-naming the class of NEF-PVFs via the exploitation of the names of Tweedie, Bar-Lev and Enis. This would resemble the dignified and elegant manner Lehmann and Sche ´e acted on the Rao-Blackwell Theorem. Notwithstanding, the main aim of the note is to encourage young researchers to present their results with self-confidence and to get the credit they deserve.
Belang van openbare infrastructuur binnen de Wet Markt en Overheid
Authors: Belhadj Ekram
Published: December 2019

Belang van openbare infrastructuur binnen de Wet Markt en Overheid

In 2016 stelde de ACM vast dat de gemeente Hellevoetsluis bij de exploitatie van ligplaatsen in boxen in een aantal havens in strijd met artikel 25i lid 1 Mededingingswet de integrale kosten niet had doorberekend. De kern van deze zaak is welke kosten tot de integrale kosten moeten worden gerekend. De discussiepunten vormen de kosten van de publieke haveninfrastructuur en de vermogenskosten van het water waarin de ligplaatsen liggen. Het punt dat in deze annotatie wordt belicht betreft de kosten van de publieke haveninfrastructuur die naar het oordeel van het College ten dele bij de integrale kosten berekend moeten worden.
Phytochemicals in leaves of Cotoneaster mongolica, their antioxidative, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity
Authors: Gendaram Odontuya
Published: December 2019

The phytochemicals in the leaves of Cotoneaster mongolica Pojark, as well as their antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity were studied. The methanol extract of the leaves showed acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC50, 32.61 ± 0.51 μg/mL). The n-butanol fraction of this extract exhibited DPPH radical scavenging (IC50, 55.70 ± 0.15 μg/mL) and AChE inhibitory activity (IC50, 72.50 ± 0.60 μg/mL). From the n-butanol fraction quercetin (1), hyperoside (2), kaempferol-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), sissotrin (4), ursolic acid (5), corosolic acid (6), euscaphic acid (7), prunasin (8), (2R)-mandeloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (9), (Z)-3-hexenyl-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), benzyl-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (11) and arbutin (12) have been isolated and identified. Hyperoside, one of the major constituents among the isolated compounds, was active in both tested assays. Flavonol derivatives could provide the activity of this plant species.
Preface Vol.20
Authors: Jadambaa Temuujin
Published: December 2019

no Abstract in English
Comparison of Periodontitis Diagnoses According to 1999 and 2017 Classifications: An Original Article
Authors: KARAASLAN Fatih , DİKİLİTAŞ Ahu , AYDIN Esra Özge
Published: December 2019

Objectives: Classification systems of periodontitis have changed several times over the past 30 years as new information gathered about the pathophysiology of the disease rendered previous systems inadequate for classifying the diagnoses of all patients. Although the 1999 classification system was widely used in clinical practice and scientific studies, it had significant limitations leading to the reclassification introduced in 2017. In this context, the aim of this study is to evaluate how individuals diagnosed with periodontitis under the 1999 system were reclassified according to the 2017 system.Materials and Methods: Participants diagnosed with periodontitis according to 1999 classification and who had not received periodontal treatment in the last six months were included in the study. The patient assessment procedure consisted of a comprehensive periodontal diagnosis through periodontal charting and full-mouth radiography.Results: A total of 315 subjects (133 males and 182 females) were included in the study. According to the new classifications, 42 patients (17.94%) previously diagnosed with generalized chronic periodontitis according to 1999 classifications, were now classified as healthy with reduced periodontium, and 11 (4.7%) patients were classified as gingival inflammation with reduced periodontium. 63 (26.92%) patients were classified as SIII-GC and 33 patients (14.14%) as SIV-GC.Conclusions: The new classification system is based on not only disease severity but also the dimensions of an individual’s disease which include complexity and risk factors.
Williams-Beuren Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: KAYA Seren , ORHAN Kaan , TULGA ÖZ Firdevs
Published: December 2019

Williams syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the spontaneous deletion of genetic material from the region q11.23 of one member of the pair of chromosome 7, so that the person is hemizygous for those genes. Syndrome is a rarely genetic multisystem disorder that occurs equally in all ethnic groups and both sexes. Williams syndrome is a developmental disorder that affects many parts of the body. This condition is characterized by mild to moderate intellectual disability or learning problems, unique personality characteristics, distinctive facial features, and heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) problems. The diagnosis of this syndrome is based on recognition of the characteristic pattern of dysmorphic facial and physical features. The diagnosis is typically suspected based on symptoms and confirmed by genetic testing. Treatment includes special education programs and various types of therapy. Surgery may be done to correct heart problems. Dietary changes or medications may be required for high blood calcium. Life expectancy is less than that of the general population, mostly due to the increased rates of heart disease. This case report presents the story of 10-year-old girl who suffers from Williams syndrome. Cardiac murmur, mental retardation, severe malocclusion problems, wide mouth, diestama, full lip, periorbital fulness, epicanthal fold, stellate iris pattern, short stature, weaknesses in retional/conceptual language and short term memory observed in this patient. In this study, patient’s salivary glands and deciduous anterior tooth were investigated by detailed diagnostic methods (USG, micro-CT). The overall purpose of this case was to diagnose dental manifestations and evaluate physical and clinical characteristics of present case with Williams Syndrome.
A mídia cinemática sob a ótica docente: um estudo sobre o ensino de História na cidade do Rio Grande/RS
Authors: Soares Luiz Paulo da Silva , Chaigar Vânia Alves Martins
Published: December 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar alguns resultados referente a investigação desenvolvida no mestrado em Educação no período 2015-2017. Buscamos compreender quais foram as concepções de professores sobre as mídias cinemáticas e que papéis atribuem no ensino de História na cidade do Rio Grande/RS. Para tanto, utilizamos como empiria questionários semiestruturados e respondidos por 26 professores da rede básica de ensino público e entrevistas, sendo cinco desse grupo de pesquisados. A metodologia utilizada para desenvolver a investigação foi de cunho quanti-qualitativo, cujos dados obtidos são descritos como significativos, densos e de uma riqueza de informações. Para realizar o desenvolvimento da investigação, optamos pelo método de análise de conteúdo proposto por Laurence Bardin (2012). A análise de conteúdo foi utilizada nos dois instrumentos utilizados para coletar os dados empíricos: os questionários semiestruturados e as entrevistas orais. E os resultados encontrados durante o percurso investigativo revelaram a compreensão de uma mídia cinemática que se configura como uma fonte histórica e, como tal, capaz de desenvolver os conteúdos de História, bem como o seu caráter educativo e gerador de habilidades cognitivas como análise, interpretação, reflexão, além de proporcionar a ampliação dos sentidos estéticos dos estudantes. Ratificamos, portanto, que a mídia cinemática na sala de aula é mais do que uma ferramenta didática, pois envolve questões subjetivas, históricas, políticas e estéticas que exigem que o professor a conheça bem para explorar suas potencialidades educativas.
Espiritualidades descoloniales en perspectiva indígena: algunos presupuestos y desafíos
Authors: Charupá Roberto Tomichá
Published: December 2019

En la actualidad hay grandes poderes e intereses económicos internacionales que amenazan seriamente la vida de los pueblos indígenas, y de todo el planeta, con la tala indiscriminada de árboles, contaminación de ríos, lagos y afluentes, uso indiscriminado de agro-tóxicos, derrames petroleros, minería legal e ilegal, neo-extractivismo, monocultivos, redes de mafias y narcotráfico, trata y tráfico de personas (en su mayoría mujeres), prostitución infantil. Ante tal situación, las organizaciones indígenas y comunidades cristianas (como la REPAM y el Sínodo Panamazónico), junto a otros pueblos, levantan críticamente sus voces, luchan hasta el martirio por defender sus territorios, teniendo como fuente y fundamento sus propias memorias, sabidurías y espiritualidades ancestrales, más incluyentes, relacionales, comunitarias, cósmicas, donde lo simbólico-celebrativo ocupa un lugar central en la propia vivencia cotidiana. En otras palabras, son espiritualidades descoloniales (decoloniales o poscoloniales), que se dejan guiar por la parresía del Espíritu Santo, para poner en práctica el “buen con‑vivir” entre todos los pueblos y con la Madre Tierra.
O Sínodo para a Amazônia: um sínodo marcado pela escuta e pela alteridade
Authors: Costa Moab César Carvalho
Published: December 2019

Este artigo representa uma contribuição direta dos trabalhos sinodais, desde o Círculo de Língua Portuguesa “A” em que o autor participou, como primeiro pentecostal presente num Sínodo, na qualidade de delegado fraterno. Donde o estilo de reflexão aberta, com enfoques diferentes e convergentes, tecida há poucas horas do encerramento dos trabalhos sinodais. De início, o autor retoma Michel De Certeau com sua proposta sobre a alteridade e o diálogo, no intento de superar atitudes colonizadores face às culturas, tão diversas. Do pensador Certeau ao papa Francisco dá-se uma longa conexão entre jesuítas, com a peculiaridade do segundo como o primeiro pontífice latino-americano, na história da Igreja Católica. Fato que o autor destaca como “conditio sine qua non” para a proposta, método, abordagem e resultados característicos do Sínodo para a Amazônia. Considerando a convicção ecumênica do Papa (em sintonia com o Concílio Vaticano II) e a presença pentecostal no território amazônico, o autor respondeu ao convite de participar do Sínodo como delegado fraterno pentecostal, enfatizando a teologia da amizade como disposição de encontro e diálogo com a Igreja Católica.
Experimental Study of Railway Trackbed Pressure Distribution Under Dynamic Loading
Authors: Sysyn Mykola , Kovalchuk Vitalii , Nabochenko Olga , Kovalchuk Yuri , Voznyak Oleg
Published: December 2019

Reliable and durable operation of the railway track under the dynamic load of the rolling stock depends considerably on the ability of the ballast layer to get the load from the sleepers and distribute it to the subgrade. In this paper, the experimental study of the distribution properties of the ballast layer under the impact of dynamic loading depending on the density of the ballast layer is carried out. The ballast behaviour during load cycles is estimated by pressure measurements at the ballast prism base along the axis of a sleeper with simultaneous video observation of the ballast particles movement through transparent sidewalls of the box with crushed stone. Measurements of pressure distribution are carried out with the developed microcontroller system of measurements and developed load cells. The system allows performing multi-point measurements of stress in combination with measurements of acceleration and photogrammetry. The results of measurements showed a significant effect of the ballast layer consolidation on the distribution of stresses under the sleeper. The performed research opens up opportunities for practical improvement of the existing types of track structures and the technology of the ballast layer tamping in terms to provide the optimal conditions for the ballast layer operation.
Laser-Assisted Tailoring of Surface Wettability - Fundamentals and Applications: A Critical Review
Authors: Peethan Alina , Unnikrishnan V. K. , Chidangil Santhosh , George Sajan D.
Published: December 2019

The control of ubiquitous wetting behavior that is determined by the surface free energy of the solid and the surface tension of the interacting liquid is an area of intense research, largely due to its applications in various sectors, ranging from healthcare to automotive industry.
The failure and/or toxic nature of the conventionally employed chemical methods to engineer the surface free energy of solids paved the way for utilizing alternative techniques such as laser-based physical texturing of the surface to achieve the desired wettability behavior. This review provides
insight into the implementation of lasers to engineer the surfaces of various kinds of materials and how the surface engineering manipulates their wetting characteristics based on the state of the art knowledge of the field. Various theories that explain the wetting behavior of droplets on
the surfaces of homogeneous, heterogeneous, and complex structures are discussed with a special emphasis on the role of surface roughness. Further, the article focuses on the lasermatter interaction at different time scales and modification of the surfaces with different kinds of lasers (nano,
pico, and femtosecond laser) and their applications. A critical analysis of the effects of experimental parameters such as laser fluence, repetition rate, laser wavelength, inter-pattern spacing on the experimentally observed wetting behavior in the recent literature is also presented. Emerging
applications of laser structured surfaces in various fields, including biomedical, water harvesting, anti-bacterial, spectroscopic analysis, oil/water separation, etc. are discussed in detail.
Formation and Diachronic Changes of Placental Scars in the House Shrew (Suncus murinus)
Authors: Nakano Kyosuke , Mekada Kazuyuki
Published: December 2019

In the present study, diachronic changes in fresh and stained placental scars of postpartum house shrews (Suncus murinus) were studied and compared with the actual number of offspring. In non- stained fresh uteri, the placental scars were barely visible externally, except in some exceptional cases. In stained uteri, placental scars were observed in all specimens, even in the oldest animals evaluated (12 months postpartum). The study estimated the number of offspring and time of parturition using the degree of staining in the scars and the change in their forms.  As the time postpartum increased, the stained placental scars became discoloured and shrank, making it difficult to distinguish between the scars from normal parturition and those that formed following halted development after implantation. Placental scars provided an invaluable method for estimating the female reproductive state in wild mammals. In captive house shrews, however, placental scars were barely detected in non- stained fresh uteri. Moreover, placental scars were observed in older animals at 12 months postpartum. It can be concluded that, it is not feasible to estimate the number of offspring or time of parturition based on placental scars in wild shrews, which are believed to undergo multiple parturitions a year.
Potential of Five Local Plant as Protectant against Hide Beetle, Dermestes maculatus Degeer Infesting Dry Cat Fish; Clarias gariepinus Burchell
Authors: Jatau A. , Majeed Q. , Yahaya M. A. , Sokoto M. B.
Published: December 2019

Efficacy of varying amounts of five selected local plant namely : Balanite aegyptiaca, Eugenia aromatica, Piper guineense, Ocimum gratisimum, and Ziziphus mauratania against the mortality, oviposition, progeny emergence and  weight loss of dried fish due to infestation by  Dermestes maculatus was studied under ambient conditions. The plant were pulverised into powders and applied as 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 g per 50 g of dried fish. Three pairs of newly emerged adults by  were inoculated into each of the treated fish in a beaker, arranged in a Complete Randomized Design  in the laboratory. The result showed all the plant powders tested evoked significant mortalities of adults at the highest concentration (6) after 3 and 7 days of post-treatment when compared with untreated control. The rate of oviposition was drastically suppressed by all plant powders, especially at higher concentration.  The number of adults emerged were significantly lower than control at (p>0.05).  Similarly, all the plant's powders significantly prevented weight loss at highest concentration after 12 weeks of post-treatment periods. These results have shown that tested plants demonstrated potential ability against adults hide beetle infesting dried fish.
Comparative Observation of the Use of Combi 10 and Filter Paper in the Diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium Infections
Authors: Obisike V. U. , Ikpe F. O. , Amuta E. U.
Published: December 2019

Urinary Schistosomiasis is neglected tropical disease (NTDs) caused by the trematode, Schistosoma haematobium. This Study was designed to comparatively observe the use of Combi 10 and filter paper in the diagnosis of Schistosoma hameatobium, and to determine the prevalence and intensity of the Infection among Primary School Pupils in Makurdi Metropolis. A survey involving 202 pupils from four different primary schools within the Makurdi Metropolis was conducted. Urine samples were collected from pupils between the ages 5 to 19 and examined for hematuria and Ova of Schistosoma haematobium using Medi Test Combi 10 and Polycarbonate Filters in Urine Syringe Filtration Technique (USFT) respectively. The prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium based on microscopic examination of Filter papers was 25.7% while prevalence of Hematuria was 35%. Prevalence of Proteinuria was observed to be 50% Infection Intensity varied from Light to heavy. In general infection was higher among males (26.3%) than females (25.8%; P>0.05) although statistically non-significant. The age specific prevalence ranged from 11.1% to 40% in 5-9 years and 15-19 years respectively (P >0.05), and showed no significant difference. There was also a strong positive correlation between the use Medi-test Combi 10 reagent strips and Poly membrane Filtration technique.  A total of 111 urine samples were positive to haematuria using combi 10 while only 52 urine samples were positive to S. haematobium using poly membrane filter paper, hence correlation is significant at 0.05 level. The above finding shows that S. haematobiumis prevalent among primary school pupils and the use of Combi 10 and Filter paper are both diagnostic tools that can be used in S. haematobium diagnosis. They can both ascertain the prevalence of the disease will provide a guide for the treatment and eradicating of the infection. Hence, decisive control measures including administration of praziquantel to pupils are needed.
Abundance and Diversity of Birds in the Ogbese Forest Reserve, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunyemi O. O.
Published: December 2019

A study was carried out to evaluate the species composition and relative abundance of bird species of the natural and plantation forest of Ogbese Forest Rserve, Ekiti State. The study was conducted from April, 2010 to February, 2011 covering both wet and dry seasons. Sample sites were stratified based on the vegetation types and transect count techniques was employed for the evaluation. A total of 52 bird species consisting of 47 resident and 5 immigrant species was recorded. The species composition of birds during the wet and dry seasons was not significantly different. The natural forest vegetation had the highest species diversity and evenness. The relative abundance score of species during the Wet and dry seasons was variable in both habitats. The result of this study has shown that the natural and plantation vegetation types of Ogbese Forest Reserve, Ekiti State. The heterogeneity of flora species in the natural forest compared to the plantation forest might be responsible for the variation. The management of birds in the reserve should take cognisance of the vegetation types for effective conservation of bird species which are resident in the reserve.
Mound Distribution and Soil Transformation by Macrotermes bellicosus in Bagudo and Augie in Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Shindi H. A. , Bandiya H. M. , Yahaya M. M. , Aminu A.
Published: December 2019

The study was carried out to determine the distribution and soil transformation by Macrotermes bellicosus species. Two local government areas of Kebbi State namely; Bagudo and Augie were selected for the study. Field survey and proximate analysis was used for the study, data generated were analyzed using descriptive (Means) and inferential (ANOVA) statistics. Mounds were manually counted; where distance, height and basal circumferences were measured using measuring tape. Results obtained showed mound size was significantly different (P˂0.05) among the study area. Physical characteristics of mounds such as distance, basal circumference, height: were also significantly different (P˂0.05) in all the locations. Dry land and wet land showed no significant (P˃0.05) difference exhibited in physical characteristics. Results indicated significant (P˂0.05) difference in Cation exchange capacity (C.E.C), sand, silt, and clay, and all mineral elements in study locations. Mound soils differed: (P˂0.05) significantly in Cation exchange capacity (C.E.C), sand, silt, and clay and all the elements in study locations: In conclusion, termites: can be considered to be cheap agents of soil amendments which can help farmers in improving soil fertility.
Foetal Wastage at the Oja-tuntun Slaughterhouse in Ogbomoso Town, South Western Nigeria: A Three Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Anyaku Caesar E. , Ajagun Ebele J. , Oshagbemi Abisola O.
Published: December 2019

Aim: This survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of foetal wastage amongst cattle and goat; and its associated economic loss.

Study Design: A retrospective survey was carried out using the abattoir records of Owode Veterinary Hospital, Ogbomoso, were relevant data relating to foetal wastage was retrieved.

Place and Duration: The study was conducted in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria from January 2014 to December 2016.

Methodology: A three year retrospective survey (January 2014 to December 2016) based on the Veterinary Hospital records were used to determine the extent of foetal wastage as well as associated economic loss. 

Results: A total of 11,903 cattle comprising 8,482 (71.3%) males and 3,421 (28.7%) females; 1,269 goats comprising of 791 (62.3%) males and 78 (37.7%) females were slaughtered over the study period. A total of 244 foetuses (cows) and 55 foetuses (does) were recovered during the period of study with a calculated prevalence rate of 7.1 and 11.5% respectively. Analysis of the economic loss over the study period was estimated at approximately N25,254,000 ($69,762) and N440,000 ($1,215) for cattle and goats respectively. With a calculated average annual loss of N8,418,000 to foetal wastage which is too huge for any developing country.

Conclusion: Reoccurring slaughter of gravid females and its resultant high foetal wastage must be discouraged; so as to meet demand for meat and meat-related products as well as boost the nation’s economy. Hence the need for all hands to be on deck to develop as well as implement local strategies aimed at reducing future economic losses.
A Preliminary Study on the Batraco-herpetological Fauna in the Forest Refuge of Albertine Rift, the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Mali Franck Masudi Muenye , Laudisoit Anne , Yendema Michel Komba , Babangenge Gabriel Badjedjea , Mukobya Morgan , Ewango Corneille , Katuala Pionus , Akaibe Dudu , Bongo Gédéon Ngiala , Anio Justin Asimonio , Ngbolua Jean Paul Koto-te-Nyiwa , Tungaluna Gembu
Published: December 2019

Aims: Amphibians and reptiles of the Albertine Rift in the Congolese part of the country are poorly documented. The objective of this research was to perform a preliminary inventory of the diversity of amphibians and reptiles in the region.

Study Design: This study was designed following scientific expeditions related to studies on chimpanzees. Litterature search revealed that amphibians and reptiles are poorly documented in these habitats.

Place and Duration of Study: Amphibians and reptiles were collected in 12 days between April and May 2017 in Dzu (N01.94753°; E030.88848°), Dzoo (N01.92742°; E030.89179°), Nzerku 3 (N01.94119°; E030.90612°) and Nzonzo (N01.90352°; E30.91030°). 

Methodology: To collect amphibians and reptiles, we used the most minimally invasive method. This method consists of capturing 1 specimen for a known species and a maximum of 5 specimens for those for an unknown species. The surplus specimens were released into their environment. During the night between 7 pm and 9 pm, amphibians were captured by hand using a flashlight. Snakes had been captured using the snake stick. All captured specimens were scanned with a camera and then identified using amphibian and snake species identification keys. Necropsies (tongue and muscle tissue) stored in Eppendorf tubes containing alcohol (90-75%). Specimens had been fixed with formaldehyde (10%), before being preserved in alcohol (75%) in the long term. Tissues were shipped for molecular analysis to the University of Texas (United States).

Results: In the four study sites, 149 amphibian specimens were collected, consisting of 19 species, 9 genera and 8 families. According to the reptiles, 27 specimens divided into 21 species grouped into 19 genera and 11 families were recorded.

Conclusion: The batraco-herpetological fauna in the Albertine Rift in Ituri province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is rich and diversified, hence this deserves the attention of other researchers.
Efficacy of the Seed Oil, Leaf Extract and Fractions of Annona muricata as Repellent and Larvicide against Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Mayen Edwin Ubulom, Peace , Idongesit Augustine Umohata, , Paul Sunday Thomas, , Ndifreke Daniel Ekpo, , Rosemary Tamunosaki Jamabo,
Published: December 2019

Vector control has proved to be a successful strategy for reducing incidences of mosquito borne-diseases. This study evaluated the repellent and larvicidal efficacy of A. muricata against An. gambiae. Oil was extracted from the seeds using the solvent extraction method. For the repellency test the oil (0.38 ml) was topically applied on the right arms of 10 human volunteers to evaluate its effect against adult female An. gambiae. The left arms of the volunteers were treated with 1 ml of 20% acetone (control). Ethanol leaf extract was used for phytochemical screening and preparation of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions. These were used for larvicidal assays. From the stock solution (5 g each in 100 ml of water), 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60 and 0.75%w/v concentrations were obtained. In the control experiment, larvae were exposed to 100 ml tap water and nutrients only. Test concentrations and controls had 5 replicates each. Each larvicidal experiment consisted of 20 third instar larvae of Anopheles gambiae. Repellency and larvicidal experiments were carried out at the Malaria Vector Research Laboratory and Insectary, University of Uyo and National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre, Enugu, Nigeria, respectively. Repellency of the oil reduced with increased exposure time, in each case. The number of mosquito landings on the control arms was higher than landings on the treated arms. Mosquitoes that landed on the treated arms could not bite, suggesting that A. muricata oil could possess feeding deterrent property. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of some plant metabolites. The ethanol leaf extract and aqueous fractions had no larvicidal activity at the highest concentration. However, n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were larvicidal. N-hexane fraction was the most potent with 48hLC50 value of 0.41%w/v, while ethyl acetate fraction had 48hLC50 value of 0.79% w/v. Results suggest that A. muricata has promising repellent and larvicidal potentials against An. gambiae.
Heavy Metals Content of Spices Available on the Market of Asmara, Eritrea
Authors: Russom Ezra , Kfle Goitom , Asgedom Ghebray , Goje Tedros
Published: December 2019

Spices and herbs are being added to diet as ingredients often to improve color, aroma and acceptability of food. The presence of heavy metals in spices could result in the accumulation of these metals in the body organs. The amount of essential and non-essential heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in spices commonly used in Eritrea were determined using a dual viewing ICP-OES. Fe was found to have the highest concentration of all the studied metals in all studied spices that ranged from 197-2364 mgkg-1. Co was found to be the least accumulated metal in all the species except in Rosemarie and Cinnamon. The level of Fe in all the studied spices (except Cinnamon), the level of Cd in Cumin and Cinnamon, the level of Cu in Allspices, the level of Mn in Black pepper, Allspices, Nutmeg and Cinnamon, the level of Pb in Turmeric and the level of Zn in Nutmeg were found above the WHO Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL). Cumin, Cinnamon, Black pepper and Nutmeg are constituents of the spice called Allspices. Allspices (comprising of almost fourteen spices) is added to berbere which is traditionally prepared and most consumed powder in Eritrea. Cumin was found to be the greatest accumulator of Co, Cr, Ni and Fe. Moreover, the levels of Cr and Cu in Cumin were alarming. Therefore, based on the results of this study consumption of Cumin, Cinnamon, Allspices, Black pepper and Nutmeg may have a serious health threat to consumers because berbere is consumed in large amount and with high frequency by Eritrean people. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that either the consumption of berbere has to be reduced or the addition of spices to berbere has to be controlled.
Phytodiversity Analysis of Tree Species of Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS), Odisha, India
Authors: Saravanan R. , Sujana K. A. , Kannan D.
Published: December 2019

Aim: The study aimed to investigate tree diversity in Kuldiha wildlife sanctuary of Odisha. Twenty (20) plots of 100 sqm each were established in three different disturbed zones within the forest.

Methodology: Important quantitative analysis such as density, frequency and abundance of tree species were determined along with the diversity indices which would give a better understanding of the forest structure. 

Results: The study revealed a total of 118 tree species of 95 genera distributed in 39 families, were recorded in the different study areas of the forest. From the distribution index it was seen that nearly 80% of the species showed contiguous distribution in the core area. The buffer zone exhibited maximum proportion of the species (25%) with random distribution. In tree species, the value of species richness (Dmg) was highest in core area (14.852) and lowest in periphery area (7.114). The value of species diversity (H’) in tree species was highest in core area (4.332) and lowest in periphery area (3.115). Simpson index of dominance was calculated by using the important value of the plant species which showed minor variation within the study site. The value of dominance (D) in tree species was found to be highest in core area 0.982) and lowest in periphery area (0.931).

Conclusion: The forest of KWLS harbours a rich diversity of flora and these diversity indices would give an important insight on laying the conservation strategies in this forest.
Hubble Constant Tension in Terms of Information Approach
Authors: Menin Boris
Published: December 2019

Aims: The purpose of this work is to formulate the theoretically justified information approach to analyze different methods of measuring Hubble’s constant, and to verify their advantages and disadvantages.

Place and Duration of Study: Mechanical & Refrigeration Consultation Expert, between June 2019 and November 2019.

Methodology: Due to the fact that any measurement model contains a certain amount of information about the studied object, comparative uncertainty is introduced, by which the least achievable relative uncertainty when measuring the Hubble constant is calculated.

Results: The experimental results of measuring the Hubble constant presented in the scientific literature are analyzed using the proposed information approach.

Conclusion: The information approach can be considered as an additional look at the Hubble constant tension. Most likely, this will help to understand the current situation and identify possible specific ways to solve it.
Direitos culturais: de onde falamos? Para onde pretendemos ir?
Authors: Silva Naiene Sanchez
Published: December 2019

Determinados conceitos que constituem o campo da teoria política são fundamentais para refletir sobre o tema dos direitos culturais. Por esse motivo, este artigo irá resgatar alguns conceitos da teoria política a partir da perspectiva filosófica. Marco na relação entre cultura e democracia, abordaremos a relevância da legitimação da cultura como um direito da humanidade pela Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos. Para sustentar reflexões no campo da cultura e do direito cultural, este artigo pretende identificar possíveis diferenças e convergências entre os projetos políticos referentes à corrente liberal, social, totalitária e neoliberal.
Takagi‐Sugeno tracking control of a fermentation process with respect to asymmetric constraints
Authors: Abyad Mohamed , Karama Asma , Khallouq Abdelmounaim
Published: December 2019

This article deals with the tracking problem for nonlinear biological process with asymmetric constraints on the controller. Using the fuzzy logic Takagi‐Sugeno (TS), the nonlinear process is modeled by a fuzzy model and a parallel distributed compensation (PDC) controller with respect asymmetric constraints is designed. The main contribution of this work is to extend the available results, in the context of a TS formulation, for symmetrical constraints to asymmetrical ones. Hence, sufficient conditions are obtained for the first time, in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), for the existence of an asymmetrical constrained PDC controller. Moreover, fuzzy observer based controller with unmeasured premise variables is designed. The performance and effectiveness of the method are illustrated in simulation by considering a fermentation process.
Room‐Temperature Crosslinkable Natural Polymer Binder for High‐Rate and Stable Silicon Anodes
Authors: Ryu Jaegeon , Kim Sungho , Kim Jimin , Park Sooham , Lee Seungho , Yoo Seokkeun , Kim Jangbae , Choi Nam‐Soon , Ryu Ja‐Hyoung , Park Soojin
Published: December 2019

Natural polymers with abundant side functionalities are emerging as a promising binder for high‐capacity yet large‐volume‐change silicon anodes with a strong and reversible supramolecular interaction that originates from secondary bonding. However, the supramolecular network solely based on hydrogen bonding is relatively vulnerable to repeated deformation and has an insufficient diffusivity of lithium ions. Herein, reported is a facile but efficient way of incorporating the natural polymers with an ionically conductive crosslinker, which can construct a robust network for silicon anodes. The boronic acid in the crosslinker spontaneously reacts with natural polymers to generate boronic esters at room temperature without any kind of triggers, which gives a strong and dynamic covalent bonding to the supramolecular network. The other component in the crosslinker, polyethylene oxide, contributes to the enhanced ionic conductivity of polymers, leading to outstanding rate performances even at a high mass loading of silicon nanoparticles (>2 mg cm−2). The small portion of the proposed crosslinker can modulate the strength of the entire network by balancing the covalent crosslinking and self‐healing secondary interaction along with the fast lithium‐ion diffusion, thus enabling the extended operation of silicon electrodes.