bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronotype predicts working memory-dependent regional cerebral oxygenation under conditions of normal sleep and following a single night of sleep extension
Authors: Gonzales Joaquin U. , Dellinger Jacob R. , Clark Cayla
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the association between sleep duration and brain activation as assessed by regional cerebral oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is dependent on chronotype. Sleep was tracked across two weeks by actigraphy in 22 adults instructed to keep their normal sleep behavior. Chronotype was assessed by the midpoint of sleep on free days corrected for sleep debt on workdays (MSFsc). Prefrontal cerebral oxygenation (ΔHbDiff) during a visuospatial working memory task was measured in the morning after a night of normal sleep and after one night of extended sleep. Sleep extension was included to experimentally test the robustness of the association between sleep duration and ΔHbDiff. Habitual sleep duration (r = 0.43, p = 0.04) and MSFsc (r = − 0.66, p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with ΔHbDiff. After adjusting for MSFsc the relationship between sleep duration and ΔHbDiff was reduced to nonsignificant levels (r = 0.34, p = 0.11), while adjusting for sleep duration did not change the significant relationship between MSFsc and ΔHbDiff (r = − 0.62, p = 0.001). One night of sleep extension increased sleep duration by 140 min, on average, but no change in ΔHbDiff was observed. Dividing participants into earlier and later chronotypes revealed greater ΔHbDiff responses in earlier chronotypes that persisted after the night of sleep extension (mean ΔHbDiff difference = 1.35 μM, t = 2.87, p = 0.006, Hedges’ g = 0.89). These results find chronotype to predict regional cerebral oxygenation responses during working memory processing under conditions of normal sleep and following a single night of sleep extension.
A real-world clinical validation for AI-based MRI monitoring in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Barnett Michael , Wang Dongang , Beadnall Heidi , Bischof Antje , Brunacci David , Butzkueven Helmut , Brown J. William L. , Cabezas Mariano , Das Tilak , Dugal Tej , Guilfoyle Daniel , Klistorner Alexander , Krieger Stephen , Kyle Kain , Ly Linda , Masters Lynette , Shieh Andy , Tang Zihao , van der Walt Anneke , Ward Kayla , Wiendl Heinz , Zhan Geng , Zivadinov Robert , Barnett Yael , Wang Chenyu
Published: October 2023

Modern management of MS targets No Evidence of Disease Activity (NEDA): no clinical relapses, no magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disease activity and no disability worsening. While MRI is the principal tool available to neurologists for monitoring clinically silent MS disease activity and, where appropriate, escalating treatment, standard radiology reports are qualitative and may be insensitive to the development of new or enlarging lesions. Existing quantitative neuroimaging tools lack adequate clinical validation. In 397 multi-center MRI scan pairs acquired in routine practice, we demonstrate superior case-level sensitivity of a clinically integrated AI-based tool over standard radiology reports (93.3% vs 58.3%), relative to a consensus ground truth, with minimal loss of specificity. We also demonstrate equivalence of the AI-tool with a core clinical trial imaging lab for lesion activity and quantitative brain volumetric measures, including percentage brain volume loss (PBVC), an accepted biomarker of neurodegeneration in MS (mean PBVC −0.32% vs −0.36%, respectively), whereas even severe atrophy (>0.8% loss) was not appreciated in radiology reports. Finally, the AI-tool additionally embeds a clinically meaningful, experiential comparator that returns a relevant MS patient centile for lesion burden, revealing, in our cohort, inconsistencies in qualitative descriptors used in radiology reports. AI-based image quantitation enhances the accuracy of, and value-adds to, qualitative radiology reporting. Scaled deployment of these tools will open a path to precision management for patients with MS.
Sulforaphane decreases serum selenoprotein P levels through enhancement of lysosomal degradation independent of Nrf2
Authors: Ye Xinying , Toyama Takashi , Taguchi Keiko , Arisawa Kotoko , Kaneko Takayuki , Tsutsumi Ryouhei , Yamamoto Masayuki , Saito Yoshiro
Published: October 2023

Selenoprotein P (SeP) is a major selenoprotein in serum predominantly produced in the liver. Excess SeP impairs insulin secretion from the pancreas and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, thus inhibition of SeP could be a therapeutic strategy for type 2 diabetes. In this study, we examine the effect of sulforaphane (SFN), a phytochemical of broccoli sprouts and an Nrf2 activator, on SeP expression in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of HepG2 cells with SFN decreases inter- and intra-cellular SeP levels. SFN enhances lysosomal acidification and expression of V-ATPase, and inhibition of this process cancels the decrease of SeP by SFN. SFN activates Nrf2 in the cells, while Nrf2 siRNA does not affect the decrease of SeP by SFN or lysosomal acidification. These results indicate that SFN decreases SeP by enhancing lysosomal degradation, independent of Nrf2. Injection of SFN to mice results in induction of cathepsin and a decrease of SeP in serum. The findings from this study are expected to contribute to developing SeP inhibitors in the future, thereby contributing to treating and preventing diseases related to increased SeP.
Diversifying the concept of model organisms in the age of -omics
Authors: Bertile Fabrice , Matallana-Surget Sabine , Tholey Andreas , Cristobal Susana , Armengaud Jean
Published: October 2023

In today’s post-genomic era, it is crucial to rethink the concept of model organisms. While a few historically well-established organisms, e.g. laboratory rodents, have enabled significant scientific breakthroughs, there is now a pressing need for broader inclusion. Indeed, new organisms and models, from complex microbial communities to holobionts, are essential to fully grasp the complexity of biological principles across the breadth of biodiversity. By fostering collaboration between biology, advanced molecular science and omics communities, we can collectively adopt new models, unraveling their molecular functioning, and uncovering fundamental mechanisms. This concerted effort will undoubtedly enhance human health, environmental quality, and biodiversity conservation.
Common loss of far-red light photoacclimation in cyanobacteria from hot and cold deserts: a case study in the Chroococcidiopsidales
Authors: Antonaru Laura A , Selinger Vera M , Jung Patrick , Di Stefano Giorgia , Sanderson Nicholas D , Barker Leanne , Wilson Daniel J , Büdel Burkhard , Canniffe Daniel P , Billi Daniela , Nürnberg Dennis J
Published: October 2023

Deserts represent an extreme challenge for photosynthetic life. Despite their aridity, they are often inhabited by diverse microscopic communities of cyanobacteria. These organisms are commonly found in lithic habitats, where they are partially sheltered from extremes of temperature and UV radiation. However, living under the rock surface imposes additional constraints, such as limited light availability, and enrichment of longer wavelengths than are typically usable for oxygenic photosynthesis. Some cyanobacteria from the genus Chroococcidiopsis can use this light to photosynthesize, in a process known as far-red light photoacclimation, or FaRLiP. This genus has commonly been reported from both hot and cold deserts. However, not all Chroococcidiopsis strains carry FaRLiP genes, thus motivating our study into the interplay between FaRLiP and extreme lithic environments. The abundance of sequence data and strains provided the necessary material for an in-depth phylogenetic study, involving spectroscopy, microscopy, and determination of pigment composition, as well as gene and genome analyses. Pigment analyses revealed the presence of red-shifted chlorophylls d and f in all FaRLiP strains tested. In addition, eight genus-level taxa were defined within the encompassing Chroococcidiopsidales, clarifying the phylogeny of this long-standing polyphyletic order. FaRLiP is near universally present in a generalist genus identified in a wide variety of environments, Chroococcidiopsis sensu stricto, while it is rare or absent in closely related, extremophile taxa, including those preferentially inhabiting deserts. This likely reflects the evolutionary process of gene loss in specialist lineages.
Development of a blood-based extracellular vesicle classifier for detection of early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hinestrosa Juan Pablo , Sears Rosalie C. , Dhani Harmeet , Lewis Jean M. , Schroeder Gregor , Balcer Heath I. , Keith Dove , Sheppard Brett C. , Kurzrock Razelle , Billings Paul R.
Published: October 2023

Background

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has an overall 5-year survival rate of just 12.5% and thus is among the leading causes of cancer deaths. When detected at early stages, PDAC survival rates improve substantially. Testing high-risk patients can increase early-stage cancer detection; however, currently available liquid biopsy approaches lack high sensitivity and may not be easily accessible.

Methods

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from blood plasma that was collected from a training set of 650 patients (105 PDAC stages I and II, 545 controls). EV proteins were analyzed using a machine learning approach to determine which were the most informative to develop a classifier for early-stage PDAC. The classifier was tested on a validation cohort of 113 patients (30 PDAC stages I and II, 83 controls).

Results

The training set demonstrates an AUC of 0.971 (95% CI = 0.953–0.986) with 93.3% sensitivity (95% CI: 86.9–96.7) at 91.0% specificity (95% CI: 88.3–93.1). The trained classifier is validated using an independent cohort (30 stage I and II cases, 83 controls) and achieves a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 92.8%.

Conclusions

Liquid biopsy using EVs may provide unique or complementary information that improves early PDAC and other cancer detection. EV protein determinations herein demonstrate that the AC Electrokinetics (ACE) method of EV enrichment provides early-stage detection of cancer distinct from normal or pancreatitis controls.
Turn-on detection of Al3+ and Zn2+ ions by a NSN donor probe: reversibility, logic gates and DFT calculations
Authors: Naithani Sudhanshu , Goswami Nidhi , Singh Sain , Yadav Vikas , Kumar Sanjay , Kumar Pramod , Kumar Amit , Goswami Tapas , Kumar Sushil
Published: October 2023

An efficient dual functional naphthalene-derived Schiff base NpSb probe has been synthesised and evaluated for its fluorescence and chromogenic response towards Al3+ and Zn2+ ions.
A cell-permeable probe for the labelling of a bacterial glycosyltransferase and virulence factor
Authors: Xu Yong , Wagner Gerd K.
Published: October 2023

We report a chemical probe for the fluorescent labelling of the bacterial glycosyltransferase LgtC, a known virulence factor in Haemophilus and Neisseria species, and its application with recombinant protein, cell lysates, and intact cells.
Chiral mesostructured NiFe2O4 films with chirality induced spin selectivity
Authors: Zhou Yiping , Bai Te , Duan Yingying
Published: October 2023

Chiral mesostructured NiFe2O4 films (CMNFFs) with chirality induced spin polarized current have been fabricated via a chiral molecule-induced hydrothermal route.
Enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of the NiO-porous NiO homojunction derived from the in situ templated metal–organic framework
Authors: Yin Liying , Wang Zhongzheng , Xu Mei-Ling , Guo Fuhai , Zhang Xiao , Li Kui
Published: October 2023

The NiO@porous NiO homojunction derived from Ni(OH)2@Ni-MOF exhibited an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production of 48.67 μmol h−1 g−1, corresponding to 6.7 and 3.4 times in comparison with those of NiO and porous NiO, respectively.
One-step preparation of Pt/Ag nanoclusters for CO2 transformation
Authors: Wang Meng , Li Simin , Tang Xiongkai , Zuo Dongjie , Jia Yanyuan , Guo Shuo , Guan Zong-Jie , Shen Hui
Published: October 2023

PtAg9(C18H12Br3P)7Cl3 cluster was prepared by one-step procedure, allowing for total structure and electronic structure analysis. The cluster exhibits high catalytic activity and broad substrate scope in transforming CO2 into high-value chemicals.
Radicals from tributyl phosphate decomposition: a combined electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic and computational chemistry investigation
Authors: Sosulin Ilya S. , Ryan Delaney H. , Lisouskaya Aliaksandra
Published: October 2023

Radical structures derived from TBP during nuclear waste separation explored by EPR spectroscopy.
Density functional theory studies on graphene/h-boron nitride hybrid nanosheets for supercapacitor electrode applications
Authors: Paramasivam Naveena , Sambandam Anandan , Natesan Baskaran
Published: October 2023

Quantum capacitance dependency over TDOS is shown, and the enhanced quantum capacitance of the C4B14N14 hybrid nanosheet compared to C32 is attributed to the 2p orbital of the C and N atoms at the respective electrochemical local potential.
Highly sensitive response of luminescence chromaticity to laser power in Lu2Mo4O15:Yb3+/Ho3+ upconverting materials
Authors: Zhou Zixun , Zhu Bin , Chen Kuanxin , Pang Tao
Published: October 2023

Lu2Mo4O15 codoped with 90% Yb3+ and 1% Ho3+ shows a favorable power-responsive upconversion luminescence color regulation behavior, which is potentially applicable in dynamic luminescence anti-counterfeiting.
All-inorganic color converter based on a phosphor in bismuthate glass for white laser diode lighting
Authors: Li Hong , Xu Ruipeng , Yang Jie , Xiong Dehua
Published: October 2023

When the PiBG packaged WLDs is excited by a blue-laser with laser power density up to 9.3 W mm−2, the related luminous flux is 3091 lm, indicating great potential in PiG packaged high power laser lighting applications.
Evaluating the techno-economic potential of defossilized air-to-syngas pathways
Authors: Almajed Hussain M. , Guerra Omar J. , Smith Wilson A. , Hodge Bri-Mathias , Somoza-Tornos Ana
Published: October 2023

Defossilizing the chemical industry using air-to-chemical processes offers a promising solution to driving down the emission trajectory to net-zero by 2050.
Kluyveromyces marxianus supplementation ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury associated with the modulation of gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Cui Yuanyuan , Guo Peng , Ning Mengge , Yue Yuan , Yuan Yahong , Yue Tianli
Published: October 2023

Kluyveromyces marxianus may ameliorate alcoholic liver injury by restoring the gut barrier and dysbiosis, reducing LPS leakage, and inhibiting hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in mice.
Cooperative interactions between Veillonella ratti and Lactobacillus acidophilus ameliorate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice
Authors: Li Na , Wang Hejing , Zhao Huizhu , Wang Mengyang , Cai Jin , Hao Yi , Yu Jia , Jiang Yun , Lü Xin , Liu Bianfang
Published: October 2023

Veillonella and Lactobacillus species are key regulators of a healthy gut environment through metabolic cross-feeding, influencing lactic acid and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, which are crucial for gut health.
Diastereoselective organophotocatalytic hydrosulfonylation of cyclopropenes
Authors: Chandu Palasetty , Biswas Sourabh , Garai Sumit , Sureshkumar Devarajulu
Published: October 2023

We report a highly efficient metal-free photoredox-catalyzed diastereoselective hydrosulfonylation of cyclopropenes with sodium sulfinates.
Understanding and controlling lithium morphology in solid polymer and gel polymer systems: mechanisms, strategies, and gaps
Authors: Owensby Kyra D. , Sahore Ritu , Tsai Wan-Yu , Chen X. Chelsea
Published: October 2023

This perspective examines lithium morphology in solid and gel polymer electrolytes, highlighting the importance of current density and mechanical properties in controlling Li morphology, and noting limitations in understanding the solid electrolyte interphase in polymer systems.
Cobalt oxide decked with inorganic-sulfur containing vanadium oxide for chromium(vi) reduction and UV-light-assisted methyl orange degradation
Authors: Saikia Sayanika , Saikia Manoshi , Khanam Salma A. , Lee Seonghwan , Park Young-Bin , Saikia Lakshi , Gogoi Gautam , Bania Kusum K.
Published: October 2023

Inorganic sulfur containing cobalt vanadium oxide appeared as an efficient catalyst for Cr(vi) reduction and photo decomposition of methyl orange dye.
Spectroscopically enhanced far-red phosphor Li2Mg3TiO6:Cr3+ and its application prospects to the cold resistance of rice
Authors: Ma Yibiao , Li Siying , Wei Jiaqi , Liao Weifang , Quan Beibei , Molokeev Maxim S. , Cheng Ming , Chen Xiaoyan , Zhou Zhi , Xia Mao
Published: October 2023

Far-red pc-LED opens a new idea for cold resistance of rice.
Spin crossover molecular ceramics by Cool-SPS: consequences on switching features beyond microstructural effects
Authors: El-Khoury Liza , Daro Nathalie , Chastanet Guillaume , Rosa Patrick , Denux Dominique , Etienne Laetitia , Mazel Vincent , Josse Michael , Marchivie Mathieu
Published: October 2023

A new way of shaping spin crossover materials using cool-SPS sintering lead to functional molecular ceramics with improved cooperativity.
Direct evidence of mesogenic dendrons with free void space by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) isotherms
Authors: Lu Yao-Chih , Wang Jun-Cheng , Yang Yun-He , Lai Long-Li
Published: October 2023

Two dendrons containing a strong dipole self-assemble into dendrimer-like molecules due to the dipole–dipole interaction, and thus exhibit a mesogenic phase upon thermal treatment and free void space via BET analysis.
Eliminating waste with waste: transforming spent coffee grounds into microrobots for water treatment
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Basireddy Tarini , Moran Jeffrey L.
Published: October 2023

Water pollutants such as oil spills, industrial dyes, and microplastics threaten public health and aquatic ecosystems.
Ion-induced bias in Ag2S luminescent nanothermometers
Authors: París Ogáyar Marina , Mendez-Gonzalez Diego , Zabala Gutierrez Irene , Artiga Álvaro , Rubio-Retama Jorge , Calderón Oscar G. , Melle Sonia , Serrano Aida , Espinosa Ana , Jaque Daniel , Marin Riccardo
Published: October 2023

Upon exploring the properties of a mixed dispersion of iron oxide nanoparticles and Ag2S luminescent nanocrystals, we discover a new source of bias in luminescence thermometry induced by the presence of metal ions in solution.
Focusing of surface plasmon polaritons propagating at the SiO2/Ag interface with 2-level and 4-level Fresnel phase zone pad structures
Authors: Nguyen Lam Yen Thi , Chang Yu-Fang , Tseng Yang-En , Chang Hao-Ming , Hsu Chia-Chen , Lin Jiunn-Yuan , Kan Hung-Chih
Published: October 2023

SPP focusing with 2-level (left) and 4-level (right) FPZP structures.
BX3-mediated borylation for the synthesis of organoboron compounds
Authors: Yang Chun-Hua
Published: October 2023

This review summarizes the recent progress in borylation driven by BX3 in the fields of organic synthesis and drug synthesis.
Dissimilar-at-boron N-BODIPYs: from light-harvesting multichromophoric arrays to CPL-bright chiral-at-boron BODIPYs
Authors: Ray César , Avellanal-Zaballa Edurne , Muñoz-Úbeda Mónica , Colligan Jessica , Moreno Florencio , Muller Gilles , López-Montero Iván , Bañuelos Jorge , Maroto Beatriz L. , de la Moya Santiago
Published: October 2023

Easy and direct BODIPY post-multifunctionalization without photophysics interference for the rapid design and synthesis of functional organic dyes, including forefront CPL-bright chiral-at-boron BODIPYs.
Hotspots and trends of electrochemical biosensor technology: a bibliometric analysis from 2003 to 2023
Authors: Li Lan , Li Yi , Pei Jingwen , Wu Yu , Wang Guobing , Zhang Jing , Liu Jinbo , Tian Gang
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the research progress of electrochemical biosensors in the last twenty years is summarized using bibliometrics, and the research hotspots and development trends are determined to guide future research.
Hydrolysis and condensation of monobutyltin chloride: reaction process analysis with DFT
Authors: Zhu Jingwei , Mo Jianliang , Shi Guohua , Liu Qiying , Xu Gang , Han Gaorong , Liu Yong
Published: October 2023

A step-by-step searching method is adopted to find the reaction pathway connecting MBTC and Sn2. Meanwhile, three-center four-electron (3c–4e) interactions within Sn2 are revealed.
Effect of DNA density immobilized on gold nanoparticles on nucleic acid detection
Authors: Hirao Gen , Fukuzumi Nanami , Ogawa Atsushi , Asahi Tsuyoshi , Mizuo Maeda , Zako Tamotsu
Published: October 2023

The detection sensitivity of ssDNA was better when gold nanoparticles modified with DNA of lower density were used.
Interfacing metal organic frameworks with polymers or carbon-based materials: from simple to hierarchical porous and nanostructured composites
Authors: Dassouki Khaled , Dasgupta Sanchari , Dumas Eddy , Steunou Nathalie
Published: October 2023

The article covers the survey of recent progress in the design of MOFs–polymers and MOF–carbon material composites with increasing complexity in terms of porous architecture, spatial structuration, organisation, and functionality.
A flexible data-free framework for structure-based de novo drug design with reinforcement learning
Authors: Du Hongyan , Jiang Dejun , Zhang Odin , Wu Zhenxing , Gao Junbo , Zhang Xujun , Wang Xiaorui , Deng Yafeng , Kang Yu , Li Dan , Pan Peichen , Hsieh Chang-Yu , Hou Tingjun
Published: October 2023

3D-MCTS employs retrosynthetic fragments to assemble molecules within the binding pocket, ensuring superior binding affinities, favorable drug-like properties, synthetic accessibility, and appropriate conformations.
Size effects of supported Cu-based catalysts for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction
Authors: Su Xiaoran , Wang Caiyue , Zhao Fang , Wei Tianxin , Zhao Di , Zhang Jiatao
Published: October 2023

From the perspective of the size of Cu species on supported substrates, this review summarizes the size effects of supported Cu-based single atoms, diatoms, clusters and nanoparticles on the catalytic activity and selectivity of the CO2 reduction reaction.
Removal of total chromium in wastewater via simultaneous photocatalysis and adsorption using calcium silicate hydrate-based composites
Authors: Liu Min , Liu Qi , Jin Xue-Ting , Zou Ya-Chen , Li Di-Ning , Feng Pan , Luo Yang-Hui
Published: October 2023

Converting Cr(vi) to Cr(iii) and subsequent precipitation of Cr(iii) represents an efficient approach for wastewater treatment.
High-power NIR-II LED of Nd3+ doped glass ceramics towards portable imaging
Authors: Zhu Xiaodie , Teng Zhaowei , Tang Haitao , Wang Chao , Liu Ya , Peng Songcheng , Liu Zhichao , Zhang Shiwen , Liu Sibo , Xu Xuhui , Yu Xue
Published: October 2023

Based on the NIR luminescence performance of LiGa5O8:Nd3+ GCs, a portable NIR LED has been developed for imaging, nondestructive analysis, and other applications.
A highly efficient UV-to-red-light conversion by LuNbO4:Eu3+ phosphors through exciton-assisted host-activator energy transfer
Authors: Xiong Fei , Liu Wen , Jiang Zuimin , Zhu Zhu , Hu Wanbiao
Published: October 2023

The UV-to-red light conversion with an extremely high external-quantum-efficiency of 66.8% is realized by the exciton-assisted energy transfer in LuNbO4:0.09Eu3+.
Voltage relaxation curve‐based state of charge estimation method with reduced measurement time
Authors: Lee Suhyeon , Lee Dongho
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a method for estimating a battery's State of Charge using voltage relaxation curves. This method offers advantages over the conventional State of Charge estimation methods by reducing the measurement time of the Open Circuit Voltage method and eliminating the need for specialized equipment required in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The influence of battery parameters on voltage relaxation curve was analyzed through simulations, and based on this relationship, battery parameters were obtained by fitting the voltage relaxation curve. The State of Charge was estimated using the battery parameter look‐up table for each State of Charge prepared in advance, and the measurement time could be shortened through graph fitting for the initial section of the voltage relaxation curve. The proposed method allows for a reduction in measurement time compared to the traditional Open Circuit Voltage method, while achieving State of Charge estimation with an error rate of less than 5.00 percentage.
Utilisation of regenerative braking energy in adjacent power sections of railway systems
Authors: Wu Liran , Wu Mingli
Published: October 2023

Huge regenerative braking (RB) energy is generated in the AC traction power supply system (TPSS) which is related to safe operation and comprehensive energy utilisation. For the RB energy utilisation, the authors propose a railway regenerative braking power conditioner (RBPC) with no energy storage system (ESS) integrated which is located at the end of the power sections between adjacent traction substations (TSSs). First, the RB characteristics are studied based on a large amount of measured data, and the load power states are classified according to the load powers of adjacent power sections. Then, the RB energy utilisation scheme, transferring the RB power to the adjacent power section where traction power exists, has been studied. Moreover, a dual closed‐loop control strategy for a back‐to‐back converter is adopted to achieve RB energy utilisation. Finally, a case study and an engineering application are carried out. The results have verified the feasibility of this method, which can illustrate that more than half of the RB energy can be mutually utilised in adjacent power sections.
Current sharing control strategy with uncertainties and network attacks for electric vehicle charging station
Authors: Tian Xu , Jiang Chuanyu , Qian Benhua , Wang Rui
Published: October 2023

Although the electric vehicle supplied through distributed generators (DGs) is one of the most promising methods to reduce carbon emission and has been widely studied, the accurate current sharing regarding multi‐bus DC charging stations considering uncertainties and network attacks is rarely studied. Based on this, a fully distributed current sharing control strategy is presented, which can improve the reliability of system under denial of service (DoS). Firstly, the DC charging station system (DCCSS) with uncertainties is modelled. Primary control is designed to provide stable voltage and inaccurate current sharing. Furthermore, the state‐space function considering power coupling among different DC buses is built, which lays the foundation for the design of the following control. Then, the model of DoS attacks is proposed. Based on this, the fully distributed consensus control is proposed to achieve the accurate current sharing for DCCSS under DoS. Meanwhile, a method for solving the control gain without global information is given and proved. Moreover, it can be solved by LMI toolbox. As a comparison, a common control strategy is introduced that only considers the uncertainties. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified through comparison of simulation results.
Initial condition based real time classification of power quality disturbance using deep convolution neural network with bidirectional long short‐term memory
Authors: Kandasamy Prabaakaran , Kumar Chandrasekaran , Lakshmanan Muthuramalingam , Jaisiva Selvaraj , Stonier Albert Alexander , Peter Geno , Ganji Vivekananda
Published: October 2023

The accurate classification of power quality disturbances (PQDs) is crucial for advancing real‐time monitoring and classification systems within the modern power grid. The proposed system must ensure dependable, safeguarded, and stable operating conditions amidst diverse power quality issues. This paper presents an approach to classifying power quality disturbances using a deep learning model that synergizes deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) and Bidirectional Long Short‐Term Memory (BiLSTM). This amalgamation effectively extracts and classifies disturbance signals in real time, grounded on noise levels. The initial feature extraction from the signal is accomplished through a time‐frequency matrix. Subsequently, secondary extraction employs the BiLSTM layer to intricately and significantly classify disturbances in the power signal. This aids in transforming high‐dimensional matrices into a reduced set for enhanced performance. The detailed classification is facilitated by the softmax layer. The simulation results support the power quality evaluations under varied constraints and underscore the substantial classification of power quality disturbances through the DCNN‐BiLSTM algorithm, in comparison to alternative classification algorithms in terms of computational speed and accuracy.
Electromagnetic scattering of H‐polarised cylindrical wave by a double‐sided impedance circular strip
Authors: Tabatadze Vasil , Alperen Ömer Faruk , Karaçuha Kamil
Published: October 2023

The authors investigate electromagnetic scattering by a circular strip with impedance boundary conditions in detail. The excitation is obtained by the H‐polarised line source and the impedance boundary condition with different impedance values on each surface of the circular strip is imposed. Electromagnetic scattering from circular strips is formulated employing an integral equation approach including the orthogonal polynomials while expressing the current densities on inner and outer surfaces. To consider the edge condition, the current density on the scatterer is expressed in terms of Gegenbauer polynomials with the weighting function. Unlike the previous studies, the authors investigate the behaviour of the EM field regarding the location of the cylinder source, the size of the aperture and the different impedance values. The convergence of the proposed approach, which is one of the analytical–numerical methods, is investigated for different impedance values; considering the results, resonators with impedance surfaces of certain complex values and certain locations of the cylinder source perform better than the known PEC and PMC resonators for some specific resonance cases. An effective analytical–numerical approach is proposed for such geometry with the impedance boundary condition. An extensive analysis and comparison with other methods are provided. The limit cases of the impedance boundary condition (Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions) are validated.
Data‐driven stochastic model predictive control for regulating wind farm power generation with controlled battery storage
Authors: Huang Zishuo , Wu Wenchuan , Guo Zizhen
Published: October 2023

The uncertainty and fluctuation of the volatile wind power cause more reserve and frequency regulation capacity, so it incurs additional operational cost for the power grid. Therefore, a wind farm (WF) coordinated controller is essential to reduce the power fluctuation and trace the scheduled power generation with minimal wind curtailment and battery degradation cost. This paper proposes a data‐driven stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) method for WFs to realize these objectives. Firstly, to address the non‐linear dynamic model of wind turbines, the dynamic mode decomposition method accompanying Koopman operator is used to learn a lifted linear dynamic model from measurements. Secondary, this paper proposes the relationship between the curtailed wind power of wind turbines and their pitch angle, wind speed, and rotation speed, as well as the corresponding estimation formula. In addition, the prediction errors of wind speeds are characterized using the Gaussian mixture model (GMM), which may significantly affect the controller's performance. Finally, a tractable data‐driven SMPC model is developed and is verified on a DIgSILENT/PowerFactory based simulation platform. Compared with conventional model predictive control algorithms, it can significantly reduce the overall operational cost of WFs.
Phase‐coded radar waveform design with quantum annealing
Authors: Presles Timothé , Enderli Cyrille , Burel Gilles , Baghious El Houssaïn
Published: October 2023

The Integrated Side Lobe Ratio (ISLR) problem the authors consider here consists in finding optimal sequences of phase shifts in order to minimise the mean squared cross‐correlation side lobes of a transmitted radar signal and a mismatched replica. Currently, ISLR does not seem to be easier than the general polynomial unconstrained binary problem, which is NP‐hard. In their work, the authors aim to take advantage of the scalability of quantum computing to find new optima, by solving the ISLR problem on a quantum annealer. This quantum device is designed to solve quadratic optimisation problems with binary variables (QUBO). After proposing suitable formulation for different instances of the ISLR, the authors discuss the performances and the scalability of their approach on the D‐Wave quantum computer. More broadly, their work enlightens the limits and potential of the adiabatic quantum computation for the solving of large instances of combinatorial optimisation problems.
A hybrid non‐linear voltage controller design for DC–DC buck converters
Authors: Alam Zubaer , Roy Tushar Kanti , Ghosh Subarto Kumar , Mahmud Md Apel
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a hybrid non‐linear voltage controller design approach for DC–DC buck converters where the hybridization is done by combining two non‐linear techniques: backstepping and sliding mode. In the proposed hybrid framework, the backstepping approach ensures the tracking of all states, while the sliding mode scheme with an enhanced reaching law is utilized for the finite‐time convergence of voltage and current in DC–DC buck converters. In this way, the proposed hybrid scheme offers two‐degree freedom instead of one‐degree in existing nonlinear approaches for controlling DC–DC converters, while guaranteeing the time‐time convergence that is not achievable with existing methods in the same application. In this work, the sliding surface is modified to capture changes in the load and supply voltage and the Lyapunov stability theory is used to assess the overall stability of DC–DC buck converters with the proposed controller. Simulation and experimental validations are conducted for evaluating the performance of this hybrid scheme, including a comparative study of an existing sliding mode controller in which the sliding surface is selected as the fast terminal one while avoiding the non‐singularity and incorporating the adaptation law.
The active CGCG 077-102 NED02 galaxy within the Abell 2063 galaxy cluster
Authors: Adami C. , Parra Ramos K. , Harry J. T. , Ulmer M. P. , Lima Neto G. B. , Amram P.
Published: October 2023

Context. Within the framework of investigating the link between the central super massive black holes in the cores of galaxies and the galaxies themselves, we detected a variable X-ray source in the center of CGCG 077-102 NED02, which is a member of the CGCG 077-102 galaxy pair within the Abell 2063 cluster of galaxies.

Aims. Our goal is to combine X-ray and optical data to demonstrate that this object harbors an active super massive black hole in its core, and to relate this to the dynamical status of the galaxy pair within the Abell 2063 cluster.

Methods. We used Chandra and XMM-Newton archival data to derive the X-ray spectral shape and variability. We also obtained optical spectroscopy to detect the expected emission lines that are typically found in active galactic nuclei. Finally, we used public ZTF imaging data to investigate the optical variability.

Results. There is no evidence of multiple X-ray sources or extended components within CGCG 077-102 NED02. Single X-ray spectral models fit the source well. We detect significant, nonrandom inter-observation 0.5–10 keV X-ray flux variabilities, for observations separated by ∼4 days for short-term variations and by up to ∼700 days for long-term variations. Optical spectroscopy points toward a passive galaxy for CGCG 077-102 NED01 and a Seyfert for CGCG 077-102 NED02. The classification of CGCG 077-102 NED02 is also consistent with its X-ray luminosity of over 1042 erg s−1. We do not detect short-term variability in the optical ZTF light curves. However, we find a significant long-term stochastic variability in the g-band that can be well described by the damped random walk model with a best-fit characteristic damping timescale of τDRW = 30−12+28 days. Finally, the CGCG 077-102 galaxy pair is deeply embedded within the Abell 2063 potential, with a long enough history within this massive structure to have been affected by the influence of this cluster for a long time.

Conclusions. Our observations point toward a moderately massive black hole in the center of CGCG 077-102 NED02 of ∼106 M⊙. As compared to another similar pair in the literature, CGCG 077-102 NED02 is not heavily obscured, perhaps because of the surrounding intracluster medium ram-pressure stripping.
Dermatologische Klinik des Universitätsspitals Basel
Authors: Hartmann Karin , Brenner Maja , Brandt Oliver , Contassot Emmanuel , Cvijetic Ivana , Erni Barbara , Geiges Michael , Izakovic Jan , Kunz Michael , Merkel Tamara , Müller Alina , Mühleisen Beda , Müller Simon , Schmidt Veronika , Sonntag Anne-Katharina , Vasconcelos Roberta , Zehnder Mara , Navarini Alexander A.
Published: October 2023

Die Dermatologische Klinik des Universitätsspitals Basel vereint die Disziplinen Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie inkl. klinischer Immunologie. Sie zeichnet sich durch Patientenversorgung, Forschung und Weiterbildung auf universitärem Niveau aus. Mit ihrer 109-jährigen Geschichte bietet die Klinik ein breites Spektrum an evidenzbasierten Möglichkeiten in Diagnostik und Therapie. Unser Team erforscht und integriert kontinuierlich die neuesten Möglichkeiten der medizinischen und ästhetischen Dermatologie, der Allergologie, der 3D-Hautkrebsvorsorge und der Mohs-Chirurgie. Neben der Dermatologischen Poliklinik mit allgemeiner Sprechstunde und Notfalldienst verfügt die Klinik über eine wachsende Allergologische Poliklinik und eine stationäre Dermatologie mit 12 Betten, die ein breites Spektrum moderner dermatologischer Behandlungen anbietet. Hinzu kommt die 2019 gegründete Margarethenklinik als Zentrum für Ästhetik und Rekonstruktion. Verschiedene Spezialsprechstunden, eine Abteilung für Dermatopathologie, 2 Operationssäle sowie Bereiche für Lehre und Forschung runden das umfassende Angebot ab. Schwerpunkte der klinischen Forschung sind entzündliche Hauterkrankungen, allergologische Erkrankungen und Dermatoonkologie. Die Klinik forscht intensiv im Bereich der Biomedizin und der digitalen Dermatologie, insbesondere unter Verwendung von KI-Techniken zur Analyse von Hautbildern. Sie ist bestrebt, klinische Innovationen in der Dermatologie und Allergologie voranzutreiben mit Schwerpunkt auf digitalen Lösungen und der Verbindung von medizinischer und ästhetischer Dermatologie.
Über „Kochung“ und „Gärung“ zum oxidativen Stoffwechsel
Authors: Koehler Ulrich , Degerli Mikail Aykut , Hildebrandt Olaf , Conradt Regina , Koehler Julian
Published: October 2023

Die Viersäftelehre oder Humoralpathologie (Hippokrates von Kos) sah Krankheit als ein Ungleichgewicht der Säfte. Galenos von Pergamon hat die Humoralpathologie vervollständigt und die Verdauung als Abfolge von „Kochungen“ beschrieben. Theophrastus von Hohenheim hat im 16. Jahrhundert versucht, die Viersäftelehre zu überwinden und die Medizin auf eine naturphilosophisch-alchimistische Grundlage zu stellen. Mit der „Iatrochemie“ im 17. Jahrhundert begann die Epoche der empirisch-experimentellen chemisch orientierten Medizin. Franciscus Sylvius Krankheitsauffassung fußt auf einem Ungleichgewicht von saurer und alkalischer Gärung, bedingt durch das „Triumvirat der Flüssigkeiten“. Erst Lazarro Spallanzani hat die Verdauungsvorgänge im Magen als einen Prozess verstanden, bei dem eine chemische Auflösung der Nahrung stattfindet. Mit der Entdeckung des Sauerstoffs und des Oxidationsvorgangs durch Lavoisier wurde die Grundlage zum Verständnis der Stoffwechselphysiologie gelegt.
Successful Treatment of Refractory Inspissated Bile Syndrome Using Gastrografin
Authors: Guan Justin J. , Amarneh Mohammad A.
Published: October 2023

Inspissated bile syndrome (IBS) is a rare cause of obstructive jaundice in infants. Despite drainage and irrigation, obstruction may persist in some cases with limited further options. This report presents a case of persistent IBS in a 5-month-old female with worsening liver failure despite cholecystostomy and saline irrigation, and a last-ditch effort was made to irrigate with Gastrografin. Patient's bilirubin decreased from 15.5 to 8.3 mg/dL after 1 day. Her bilirubin and liver functions tests normalized by 2 weeks. Gastrografin's hyperosmolarity promotes intraluminal fluid shift and stimulates smooth muscle contraction, which may explain its effectiveness in treating refractory IBS.
Klares Signal Richtung Politik
Authors: Pintarelli-Rauschenbach Manuela
Published: October 2023

Der VPT macht sich für Ihre Zukunft stark! Gemeinsam mit dem IFK haben wir dem Bundesgesundheitsministerium Vorschläge zur Neugestaltung der physiotherapeutischen Berufe vorgelegt.
Plasma propulsion modeling with particle-based algorithms
Authors: Taccogna F. , Cichocki F. , Eremin D. , Fubiani G. , Garrigues L.
Published: October 2023

This Perspective paper deals with an overview of particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision models applied to different plasma-propulsion configurations and scenarios, from electrostatic (E×B and pulsed arc) devices to electromagnetic (RF inductive, helicon, electron cyclotron resonance) thrusters, as well as plasma plumes and their interaction with the satellite. The most important items related to the modeling of plasma–wall interaction are also presented. Finally, the paper reports new progress in the particle-in-cell computational methodology, in particular, regarding accelerating computational techniques for multi-dimensional simulations and plasma chemistry Monte Carlo modules for molecular and alternative propellants.
Effect of proton irradiation induced localized defect clusters on recovery time and leakage current in silicon photoconductive semiconductor switches
Authors: Bhamidipati John Keerthi Paul , Bhattarai Gyanendra , Caruso Anthony Nicholaus
Published: October 2023

Pulse recovery time in semiconducting devices depends strongly on minority carrier lifetime, bandgap-type-dependent recombination, impurity concentration, and subband placement. In indirect bandgap solids, such as silicon, it is dominated by Shockley–Reed–Hall (SRH) recombination via trap-based recombination centers yielding slow recombination. The sluggish recombination then limits the pulse repetition rate and consequently the average power to a load. For decades, fabrication and irradiation techniques, such as Au- and Pt-diffusion, and energized electron-, proton-, and alpha particle-beam bombardment have been used to adjust minority carrier lifetime in silicon. These techniques generate shallow- and/or deep-level lattice defects to promote/retard trap-assisted SRH recombination. Despite investigating the characteristics of the generated defects on target material, the prior-art falls short in comprehensively addressing their effects on device-level architecture, specifically photoconductive switching devices. In this work, the effect of proton irradiation-induced localized crystal defect clusters on minority carrier lifetime in silicon photoconductive semiconductor switches is investigated when bombarded with 2.5–5 MeV beam energies with fluences between 9 × 1012–11 × 1013 cm−2 at room temperature. Photo-illuminated recovery characteristics for proton-beam (p-beam) irradiated device models with three distinct defect profiles have been studied using Silvaco TCAD and results have been compared with the electron-beam (e-beam) irradiation model with three different distinct defect profiles. At 30× lower defect density, recovery time trends in the p-beam irradiated device model were seen to be on the same order of magnitude as the e-beam irradiated model. At similar defect densities (1 × 1016 cm−3), the profile with a uniformly distributed bulk defect profile performed 10× better from a recovery time viewpoint compared with the e-beam irradiation. Furthermore, three orders of magnitude reduction in leakage currents were noticed in p-beam irradiated models.
Finite size effects on helical hinge states in three-dimensional second-order topological insulators
Authors: Wang Penglei , Zou Yong-Lian , Song Juntao
Published: October 2023

We investigate the finite size effects of a three-dimensional second-order topological insulator with fourfold rotational symmetry and time-reversal symmetry. Starting from the effective Hamiltonian of the three-dimensional second-order topological insulator, we derive the effective Hamiltonian of four two-dimensional gapped surface states by perturbative methods. Then, the sign alternation of the mass term of the effective Hamiltonian on the adjacent surface leads to the hinge state. In addition, we obtain the effective Hamiltonian and its wave function of one-dimensional gapless hinge states with semi-infinite boundary conditions based on the effective Hamiltonian of two-dimensional surface states. In particular, we find that the hinge states on the two sides of the same surface can couple to produce a finite energy gap.
Atomic scale structure and bond stretching force constants in stoichiometric and off-stoichiometric kesterites
Authors: Ritter Konrad , Gurieva Galina , Eckner Stefanie , Schwiddessen René , d’Acapito Francesco , Welter Edmund , Schorr Susan , Schnohr Claudia S.
Published: October 2023

The deviation from stoichiometry and the understanding of its consequences are key factors for the application of kesterites as solar cell absorbers. Therefore, this study investigates the local atomic structure of off-stoichiometric Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) and Cu2ZnGeSe4 (CZGSe) by means of Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy. Temperature dependent measurements yield the bond stretching force constants of all cation-anion bonds in stoichiometric CZTS and CZTSe and nearly stoichiometric CZGSe. Low temperature measurements allow high precision analysis of the influence of off-stoichiometry on the element specific average bond lengths and their variances. The overall comparison between the materials is in excellent agreement with measures like ionic/atomic radii and bond ionicities. Furthermore, the small uncertainties allow the identification of systematic trends in the Cu–Se and Zn–Se bond lengths of CZTSe and CZGSe. These trends are discussed in context of the types and concentrations of certain point defects, which gives insight into the possible local configurations and their influence on the average structural parameters. The findings complement the understanding of the effect of off-stoichiometry on the local structure of kesterites, which affects their electronic properties and thus their application for solar cells.
Ferroelectric quantum spin Hall effect in two-dimensional In2TeS2
Authors: Zhao Pei , Wang Qiang , Liang Yan
Published: October 2023

Ferroelectricity and band topology are hot topics in condensed matter physics, and the nonvolatile regulation of topological orders through ferroelectric properties is crucial for the design of next-generation miniature electronic devices. Here, using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate the coexistence of intrinsic ferroelectric and topological properties in two-dimensional (2D) In2TeS2. Interestingly, in single-layer In2TeS2, the spin flipping of chiral edge states occurs when the direction of ferroelectric polarization is reversed. While for In2TeS2 homobilayers, we find that the topological properties are stacking-dependent, and the ferroelectric order can be served as an effective means to achieve topological phase transition between trivial and nontrivial states. Our work not only shed light on the intrinsic 2D ferroelectric topological insulator but also put forward it as a promising candidate for high-efficiency and low-energy consumption electronic devices.