bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From entropic to energetic barriers in glassy dynamics: the Barrat–Mézard trap model on sparse networks
Authors: Tapias Diego , Paprotzki Eva , Sollich Peter
Published: September 2020

Trap models describe glassy dynamics as a stochastic process on a network of configurations representing local energy minima. We study within this class the paradigmatic Barrat–Mézard model, which has Glauber transition rates. Our focus is on the effects of the network connectivity, where we go beyond the usual mean field (fully connected) approximation and consider sparse networks, specifically random regular graphs (RRG). We obtain the spectral density of relaxation rates of the master operator using the cavity method, revealing very rich behaviour as a function of network connectivity c and temperature T. We trace this back to a crossover from initially entropic barriers, resulting from a paucity of downhill directions, to energy barriers that govern the escape from local minima at long times. The insights gained are used to rationalize the relaxation of the energy after a quench from high T, as well as the corresponding correlation and persistence functions.
Ground Level Ozone Fluctuational Characteristics within Two Industrial Areas in Malaysia
Authors: Aziz Hasifah Abdul , Awang Norrimi Rosaida , Mohd Amin Mohamad Faiz , Mohamad Junaidi Nur Fatihana
Published: September 2020

This study aims to investigate the fluctuation characteristics and source signature of ground level ozone (GLO) at a receptor site in commercial urban-industrial and suburban industrial area in Shah Alam, Selangor, and Bakar Arang are hot spots for industrialization. The fluctuation characteristics of ozone in industrial is determined using critical conversion time (CCT) and introduce the Critical Transformation Time (CTT) using secondary data from 2000 to 2011. We also use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the primary sources from atmospheric parameter and meteorological parameter. It was observed that suburban Bakar Arang has earlier CCT between 8.00 a.m. and 9.00 a.m. compared to Shah Alam where CCT occurred between 10.00 to 11.00 a.m. Results of PCA indicate ozone CCT fluctuation contribution in Shah Alam by primary air pollutants (CO, NO, NO2, CH4) and meteorological influence are 64.1% and 41.5%, respectively, higher than that in Bakar Arang. The use of CCT and CTT show specific time range of ozone production and destruction. These sources of compounds lead to formation of GLO and affecting the CCT. The application of CTT could be a signal of the urgent need to manage nitrogen emission from commercial industrial areas.
GIS-Based Landslide Hazard Evaluation and Zonation of Kg. Chas, Kuala Betis, Gua Musang, Kelantan
Authors: Syafril Nur Safrina , Udin Wani Sofia , Achmad Bahar Arham Muchtar
Published: September 2020

This research entitled GIS-Based Landslide Hazard Zonation and Evaluation of Kg. Chas, Kuala Betis, Gua Musang, Kelantan. The study area is located in Kuala Betis, Gua Musang, Kelantan with the area covered is 25 km2. The aim of this research is to evaluate the landslide causative factors and to produce the landslide hazard zonation map with scale of 1:25000. The method used in generating the landslide hazard zonation map is by using the Geographical Information System (GIS) which is using the Weighted Overlay Method (WOM). The parameters that triggered the occurrence of landslide were analyzed and overlaid in order to generate the landslide hazard zonation map. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data were used to extract the parameters. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) methods were used to identify the changes of the vegetation and to locate the locations of the past landslides in the study area. The results showed that the landslide hazard zonation map were divided into 5 classes. Class 1 is no hazard, class 2 is low hazard, class 3 is medium hazard, class 4 is high hazard and class 5 is the highest hazard. Based on the landslide hazard zonation map, the study area is covered with a low hazard of landslide and the probability of landslide to occur is low.
Alluvium Assessment of Gold-Bearing Layer in Buried Old River Channel by using Electrical Resistivity Method at Batu Melintang, Jeli, Kelantan
Authors: Sulaiman Mohd Syakir , Udin Wani Sofia , Achmad Bahar Arham Muchtar , Fatihi Mohamad , Fikri Ahmad
Published: September 2020

The electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) survey was conducted to delineate the distribution of sediment in the gold-bearing layer and the nature of bedrock within the study area at Batu Melintang. The study area is known as a highly potential zone of gold mineralization due to its location within the Bentong-Raub suture zone. Miners are having difficulties to have a proper mining activities plan as the alluvium distribution is not well understood. The objectives of this study are to identify the sediment in the subsurface of the mining area and to locate the high potential deposit containing gold. ERI survey concerns with resistivity (ohm.m) value of rocks in the subsurface. This research was conducted by using the Schlumberger array with the total number of survey lines are four. All the survey line were done in 200m with 2.5m electrode spacing except for survey line 3 which was done at 100m with 1.5m electrode spacing. All the data obtained is processed in RES2DINV software. The results show variable resistivity ranging from 1-4000ohm.m with a depth of investigation is approximately 35m for 200m length of survey line and depth of 16m for 100m length of survey line. Low resistivity zones of 10-800ohm.m show the values for alluvium present in the area while high resistivity zones of 2000-4000ohm.m indicate values for bedrock. Alluvium layer is identified located around 15m depth, whereas the depth of bedrock is about 20m. This survey gives the general idea of the alluvium distribution, old river channel and the depth of bedrock that can be used for volume estimation and facilitates to create a proper sustainable mining plan in the future
Geomorphosite Assessment of Renyok River, Jeli, Kelantan
Authors: Achmad Bahar Arham Muchtar , Udin Wani Sofia , Hussin Hamzah , Sulaiman Noorzamzarina , Sulaiman Nursufiah
Published: September 2020

Renyok River has many unique and interesting geosites. So far there are very few academic publications related to Renyok River so that its potential as a tourist area is not discovered. In order to ensure the Renyok River geosite has the potential to be developed as a tourist attraction, a comprehensive geomorphosite study is carried out along the Renyok river. In this study the data collection was carried out through geomorphological mapping on geosite along the river. Geomorphosite data were obtained and analyzed in reference to the standard values created by Kubalikova. River landform dominated by leucogranite and metasediment where contacts can be found in many locations. The analysis shows that the Renyok River geomorphosite value is quite high in all aspects assessed including Scientific and Intrinsic aspects (75%), educational (87.5%), conservation aspects (62.5%), and value added aspects (75%), but low value only in economy aspects (33%). Overall conclusion is that the Renyok River has a high potential to be developed as a geotourism area with a note that all deficiencies will be improved in the future and subsequently could be beneficial to economic strengthening.
Density of Densified Paraserianthes falcataria Wood Pre-treated with Alkali
Authors: Raman Vinodini , Liew Kang Chiang
Published: September 2020

Wood densification is done to improve its mechanical and physical properties, by compressing the porous structure under steam, heat and pressure called Viscoelastic-Thermal Compression (VTC). This study had been done to evaluate the effect of alkaline pre-treatment using different concentrations of Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on Paraserianthes falcataria (local name: Batai) and its density. Alkaline pre-treatment was done before the densification process, using three different concentrations of NaOH (3%, 6% and 9%) with 0% NaOH as the control. There were 30 replicates used for the study. The lamina was prepared by trimming the lamina sawn timber into specific size. Then, laminas cooking process in different NaOH concentrations for 30 minutes, followed by hot water extraction with acetic acid for 20 minutes and 24 hours of oven dried under temperature 103 ± 5°C. The laminas were then pressed using hot press machine under 105°C temperature and 6 MPa pressure for 30 minutes before cooling phase were conducted for 10 minutes. The density was evaluated continuously for 7 days and the results showed that densified P. falcataria without alkaline pre-treatment (0% NaOH) has the highest density compared to treated densified P. falcataria with different alkaline pre-treatments (3%, 6% and 9%); meanwhile the highest concentration of NaOH (9%) has the lowest density value compared to 3% and 6%, as 3% has the higher value than 6% NaOH.
Diversity of Ferns and Lycophytes of Pergau Dam, Kelantan and its Vicinity
Authors: Maideen Haja , Syahirah Fatin , Khaduwi Nur Aliah , Nadhirah Nurul , Norhazrina Nik , Nor Shukor Md
Published: September 2020

Ferns and lycophytes were opportunistically collected along the major trail at Gunung Basor Forest Reserve near Pergau Dam, Kelantan. Samples were curated, identified and deposited at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Herbarium (UKMB). From the sampling area, a total of 94 taxa of ferns and lycophytes in 55 genera and 29 families were identified. This figure represents 8.07% of the total 1165 taxa of ferns and lycophytes in Malaysia and 14.52% of 647 taxa recorded in Semenanjung Malaysia. Polypodiaceae is the largest family recorded with 11 species in eight genera. The second largest family is Aspleniaceae with 10 species in a single genus. This is followed by the family Grammitidaceae with eight species in six genera. The most widely recorded species is from the genus Asplenium. The smallest families with one species each are Blechnaceae, Cyatheaceae, Gleichiniaceae, Marattiaceae, Matoniaceae, Oleandraceae, Ophioglossaceae, Psilotaceae, Pteridaceae and Sinopteridaceae. From the 94 taxa reported, terrestrial species are the most dominant with ca. 53 species covering 56.0% and followed by epiphytic species (33%) and litophyte species (10.6%).
Above Ground Biomass and Carbon Stock of Lianas along the Watershed Area of Pergau, Jeli, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Fauzi Norashikin , Ilias Muhammad Aideed , Amaluddin Nazahatul Anis , Hambali Kamarul , Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Firdaus
Published: September 2020

A preliminary inventory on the above ground biomass and carbon stock of liana associated with landscape-scale fragmentation induced by the Pergau dam along the watershed area of Sungai Long II intake in Jeli, Kelantan was executed. A total of 67 liana individuals (≥1 cm dbh) was enumerated in 0.15 ha of surveyed plot. Lianas with dbh range between 0.06 to 0.95cm were found to be dominant in the inventory site, comprising 41.8% of the proportional abundance followed by 40.3% of lianas with dbh in the range of 1.05 to 1.94cm. The least encountered dbh of lianas were 3.82cm and 4.14cm respectively (1.5%). The total above ground biomass was estimated 37.9 t ha−1 within the inventory site. The contribution of liana biomass to total above ground biomass has been estimated 6.5%, extremely lower than the total above ground biomass contributed by the thirteen host trees (545.3 t ha−1). Carbon sequestration by lianas was estimated 19.8 t C ha−1, contributing 6.8% in response to level off high CO2 whilst the carbon stock of the host trees was estimated 272.6 t C ha−1. It could be suggested that ecosystems along the Sungai Long II in Pergau, Kelantan have been disturbed and this was based on the high abundance of liana. Although the above ground biomass of lianas was lesser than the host trees, the liana population size should be controlled and in equilibrium within the ecosystem. To ensure the stability of the ecosystem, regular silviculture treatment should be executed in the highly liana infected area.
Macroinvertebrates Checklist in River Intakes of Pergau Lake, Jeli, Kelantan
Authors: Idris Nurul Hashimah , Shafie Nur Syuhadah , Mohd Snawi Mohammad Muizz , Azlan Rozali Mohd Fayree , Bahri Ayuni Samsul , Shukor Aisah Md
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted in several selected river intakes of the Pergau Lake as well as Sungai Pergau to determine the macroinvertebrate community, and also to update checklist of those macroinvertebrates known to the area. Previous study was done by Suhaila et al in 2017 with seven sampling points; Sungai Terang, Sungai Suda, Sungai Renyok 2, Sungai Renyok 3, Sungai Kalai, Sungai Long 1 and Sungai Long 2. Meanwhile, this study maintain the similar sampling points except Sungai Kalai, besides introduction of new sampling points at Sungai Renyok 1 and Sungai Pergau. Result shows the study rivers have great number of macroinvertebrates taxa. Sungai Renyok 2 recorded the most diverse aquatic insect collected with 29 genera while the least diversity of aquatic insects was recorded in Sungai Suda (16 genera). A total of 53 genera and 34 families from nine different orders of benthic macroinvertebrates namely Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, Diptera, Decapoda, and Lepidoptera were recorded. The existence of some orders such as Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) showed rivers in Pergau has good water quality and habitats for macroinvertebrates especially aquatic insects.
Spatial Analysis Model Assessing Habitat Quality of Selangor
Authors: Adnan Norliyana , Mamat Mohd Parid
Published: September 2020

In recent years, ecosystem services mapping has become key as its practical application and offer a wide range of assessment. One of them is habitat quality assessments, which are an excellent significance for protecting biodiversity. This study analyses the changing habitat quality of Selangor, specifically in the Hulu Langat catchment. The spatial analysis model of Integrating Valuation of Ecosystem Services (InVEST) Habitat Quality was used. The tool provides a rapid approach to assess the status and changes in biodiversity. Data used were the land use maps for 2005, 2010 and 2015 and the main threats of wildlife. The model calculates habitat quality and degradation based on intensity and sensitivity. Results show that a number of the area with habitat degradation and degree of habitat quality ranged 0 to 1, which indicate that 0 are the low area biodiversity and nearly to 1 with high biodiversity. The analysis provides input to the government and local authority in assessing ecosystem services through mapping using presented spatial analysis models.
Diversity and Distribution of Primates in the Gunung Basur Permanent Forest Reserve
Authors: Muhd Sahimi Hani Nabilia , Zawawi Zainal Abdullah , Selat Baharim , Khalid Norfariza Mohd , Magintan David , Abdul Rahman Mohd Taufik , Nor Shukor Md.
Published: September 2020

This paper presents data regarding the diversity, population density, and distribution of primate species within the Gunung Basur Permanent Forest Reserve (GBPFR). The survey was conducted from the 3rd–8th of November in 2019, covering 7 survey locations (Terang Pump House, Suda Intake, Renyok 1 Intake, Renyok 2 Intake, Renyok 3 Intake, Long Intake, and Long 2 Intake) within the reserve. A total of 36 hours was spent to perform random sampling observations. The focus of this survey was to identify diurnal primate species. A total of 5 species (Symphalangus syndactylus, Hylobates agilis, Presbytis siamensis, Trachypithecus obscurus, and Macaca nemestrina), belonging to the families Hylobatidae and Cercopithecidae, were observed during the survey period. The density of Trachypithecus obscurus was high at the study site, with 60 individuals identified, followed by Symphalangus syndactylus, with 45 individuals, Presbytis siamensis, with 39 individuals, Hylobates agilis, with 20 individuals, and Macaca nemestrina with only 3 individuals. Two of the identified species are classified as Totally Protected (Symphalangus syndactylus and Hylobates agilis), whereas the other 3 species (Macaca nemestrina, Presbytis siamensis, and Trachypithecus obscurus) as classified as Protected, according to the Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 (Act 716). According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, 2 species (Symphalangus syndactylus and Hylobates agilis) are considered to be Endangered, 2 species (Presbytis siamensis and Trachypithecus obscurus) are considered to be Near Threatened, and Macaca nemestrina is listed as Vulnerable. The data gathered from this study is crucial for designing a wildlife conservation plan for this reserve.
Determination of Microplastics in Surface Water and Sediment of Kelantan Bay
Authors: Saipolbahri Nurain , Anak Bitlus Mimi Lovianna , Ismail Nur Arifah , Fauzi Norashikin Mohd , Subki Noor Syuhadah
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to determine the presence of microplastics in surface water and sediment ofKelantan Bay. The samples were collected between May and July 2019. Microplastics were isolated from the surface water and sediment samples by using wet peroxide oxidation (WPO) followed by density separation. Microplastics were sorted visually according to their shapes and colours after being examined under photographed microscope. The most abundant particle found in this study was threadlike and fragment shapes. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to identify functional groups in the composition of microplastics to determine the types of microplastic found in the samples. Polypropylene (PP) was the most abundance type of microplastic found in the surface water and sediments of Kelantan Bay. This study provides an insight of the types of microplastics found in Kelantan Bay and therefore, further actions need to be taken to curb the distribution of microplastics in marine ecosystem from threatening the marine food chain of Kelantan Bay.
Disaster Resilience Education (DRE) Programmes in Schools: A Case Study in Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Abas Muhamad Azahar , Ibrahim Nur Eliana , Wee Seow Ta , Sibly Suzyrman , Mohamed Sulzakimin
Published: September 2020

Flooding is not an uncommon phenomenon that occurs yearly in Malaysia. In fact, in the last few decades, the event of floods in Malaysia has become a disaster and has negatively impacted human wellbeing. Disaster Resilience Education (DRE) is one of the initiatives to prepare the community towards the unpredictable event of a disaster, including the flood. Therefore, this study will explore the Disaster Resilience Education (DRE) programmes that have been conducted in a secondary school at Tanah Merah, Kelantan. A questionnaire was adopted as the research instrument to collect data from respondents. A total of 200 respondents which consisted of students, teachers, and administrative staffs, had participated in this study. The stratified sampling approach was applied in this study to select the respondents. Descriptive and inferential analysis were executed to explore the DRE programmes that had been conducted, in order to identify the school’s community awareness on DRE and the factors that influence the school’s community awareness. This study has revealed that there is a minimal number of DRE programmes that have been conducted by the school. However, the awareness level of the school community on DRE is good. This study has found that different socio-demographic factors have a significant influence on the school’s community awareness on DRE. Therefore, the finding from this study is crucial for the local authority and government, to enhance the resilience programme in school.
Malaysia Textile Craft Industry: Innovation Inspired by Bamboo for Batik Block Contemporary Design
Authors: Lias Hamdan , Ismail Ahmad Rashdan , Hamid Haslinda Abd
Published: September 2020

Block Batik in batik industry has been practised in Malaysia since 1920s. It also known as “Batik Cop” or “Batik Terap”. The block for stamping or “Sarang Batik” normally made from steel with variety design on the surface of it. The beauty of the block batik pattern designs depend on the fineness and creativity of the motifs designed that engraved on the surface of the block by the expertise of the engraver. Therefore the objective of the study is to produce new design for block batik used from natural sources which is bamboo as a block to stamp the design for batik. The study emphasized on the uses of bamboo sticks cutted from bamboo tree sections as a block to create new geometric and spontaneous design for block batik design. Bamboo is one of the tropical resources in Malaysia. The light weight of the bamboo sticks alternatively can reduce the consequences towards the practitioners rather than using block made from steel which is more heavy than bamboo. The structure on the bamboo vascular cross sections scattered around the trunk create circular motif, dots and dotted lines. The uniqueness of the motif and pattern using bamboo as a block depends on the creativity in manipulating the structure of the bamboo with stamping techniques and the application of wax and the color techniques. A variety of designs such as overall repetition, vertical stripes and horizontal stripes as well as color overlays and tones highlight the creativity of the batik design. Such designs can be featured in the market especially for production of handicraft products, interior decoration and clothing design. Therefore, this study significantly gives an ideas and inspiration for batik entrepreneurs in producing block batik by using bamboo as new natural based batik design at a lower-cost.
Possibility of Segaliud Lokan Forest Reserve (SLFR), Sandakan As Nature Tourism Attraction
Authors: Hasmat Nurliza , Mojiol Andy Russel , Rashid Rosmalina Abdul , Goh Collin , Liau Paul , John Sanchez Vincent , Linus Jesleen
Published: September 2020

The tourism sector in Sabah is rapidly developing as the state has high biodiversity resources. The state needs to diversify its natural tourism destinations to increase the number of tourists because tourism is one of the sector that give some contribution to the economic state. Segaliud Lokan Forest Reserve which located in Sandakan district is a newly discovered conservation area that has the potential to be a natural tourism area as this area is rich in biodiversity of flora and fauna as well as attractive landscapes. The objective of the study is to identify the natural resources found in the SLFR that can be the tourist attraction. The Criteria for Assessing Natural Tourism Potential based on National Ecotourism Plan of Malaysia (Guideline for Sabah State) was used in this study. This study shows that the SLFR area has the potential to be a nature tourism attraction but recommends to have some management mechanism in place to precede any development of tourism activity.
Potential of Ratoon Rice Farming Development in Central Java Province, Indonesia for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
Authors: Widiani Priswita Rahajeng Putu , Anantanyu Sapja , Komariah  , Budiastuti Mth Sri
Published: September 2020

Ratoon rice farming is the method of harvesting rice for 2-3 times by maintaining and growing the shoots from the previous tillers. In Central Java, Indonesia, ratoon rice is local wisdom in farming called Singgang. Nowadays, almost no farmers are implementing ratoon rice farming, in spite of many advantages for climate change adaptation and mitigation. The objectives of this research are to identify and to map out the current implementation of ratoon rice farming in Central Java; and to formulate the strategies to develop the ratoon rice farming as local wisdom in Central Java. This research was conducted from November 2019 to January 2020, using qualitative research with the FGD method. The research location was chosen by purposive sampling according to three irrigation systems, namely: rainfed rice field in Gondangrejo, Karanganyar Regency; Tidal rice field in Tuntang, Semarang Regency; and technical irrigation rice field in Kebonagung, Demak Regency. The data obtained were analyzed using the SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats technique). The results showed that the highest potential to develop ratoon rice farming in Central Java is on rainfed land. Development of ratoon rice for climate change adaptation and mitigation is influenced by the characteristics of farmers, environmental conditions, irrigation systems, the activity of extension workers and farmer groups, the motivation of farmers to innovate. Therefore, the strategies suggested to develop the system are: to increase the role of extension workers and farmer groups, as well as agricultural production facilities, so that the motivation to maintain the local wisdom and accept technological innovations raise; and to minimize the decline in ratoon rice production by intensive farming management and specifically create ratoon rice farming area.
Preservation of Nutmeg Tree (Myristica fragrans Houtt) used as Bogor’s Local Culinary Ingredient for the Strengtheness of Urban Landscape Identity
Authors: Samantha Remiya , Nurhayati  , Syartinilia
Published: September 2020

Nutmeg tree (Myristica fragrans) is Indonesian native tree species originating from Maluku Island, especially Ambon and Banda. The spread of nutmeg in Bogor area can be traced back to the Dutch colonial period when different kinds of spices were traded across the Indonesian archipelago and beyond. Having this long history, nutmeg is now widely used in Bogor’s culinary. At the national level, it has high economic value and become one of Indonesia’s main export products. However, there is little research on nutmeg tree spatial distribution. The objectives of the study were : (1) identify the nutmeg trees spatial distribution in Bogor city (2) mapping the existence and identification of nutmeg trees conditions and growing environment. This research was conducted Bogor City from February - May 2018. The data was obtained through direct interview, study field, and study literature. Data collection is determined based on the distribution of nutmeg trees in Bogor City, and extinct status based on study literature. Furtehermore, the existence of nutmeg trees in Bogor collected used purposive and snowball technique. The results showed that a total of 108 nutmeg trees were found in all sub-districts of Bogor city. These trees grow in a variety of areas such as green corridor, public park, agriculture farm, riverbanks, yard, office park, and cemetery. The results of this study can be used as the basis for determining the preservation strategy and area for nutmeg conservation in Bogor city.
Hydrological Risk Valuation on The Design of Sukamahi Dry Dam, Bogor, West Java
Authors: Prakoso W G , Irawan P , Mahfudz M
Published: September 2020

The flooding risk has always been considered as an important factor ofthe risk safety management of dams. The extreme flooding in the downstream of a dam could be either due to dam failure or sometimes without failure. In both cases, they give serious risks to people and property in the downstream of the dam.Sukamahi dry dam at Cisukabirus River is a part of the upper Ciliwung Watershed, located in Bogor regency. Sukamahi dry dam was design for flood reduction purpose especially for the downstream regione.g. Bogor City, Bogor Regency, Depok City and Jakarta. Sukamahi dam has a capacity in flood reduction of 13.53 m3/s with probability exceeded 2 %, and time to concentration (tc) of peak discharge (Qp) at least 4 hours longer than the existing condition. Construction of dry dam might increase the magnitude of flood prone risk especially on the dam breach caused by spillway capacity failure case, although with lower probability. Simulation using HEC RAS 4.1 and an ex-antehydrological risk valuation Xrisk model wereperformed with three scenarios, i.e. normal risk, risk averse and risk takers, with simplified option value and option risk calculation. Risk valuation can be used by decision makers to evaluate the technical and risk feasibility of Sukamahi dry dam construction.
The growth model composition of giant prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) In Muara Tepian Sembakung, Nunukan
Authors: Indarjo Agus , Salim Gazali , Dyta Nugraeni Christine , Mayang Sari Indah , Zein Mufrida , Yudho Prakoso Lukman , Achmad Daengs GS
Published: September 2020

Giant prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) has high economic value with a price range between IDR. 40,000 to IDR. 75,000 that it was one of the main catches of fishing gear used by the society in Muara Tepian Sembakung. This research aims to analyze the growth model composition of giant prawns (M. rosenbergii) in Muara Tepian Sembakung, Nunukan. The objective was conducted for 5 months from October 2019 to February 2020. The research was designed by using quantitative descriptive with a case study approach. The determination of the study location was applied with a purposive random sampling method by following the fishermen who used the bottom fish pots catch. The sampling of giant prawns at Muara Tepian Sembakung was done by taking a survey method adhered to a fisherman with repetition as 10 times of sampling at a different time. The data of Giant prawns that were collected involved sex, total weight, and total length using a laboratory-scale method in the Laboratory of fisheries biology, Fisheries and marine science faculty, Universitas Borneo Tarakan. The research variable was the von Bertalanffy model and age structure of male and female giant prawns. The results obtained that the sex ratio of giant prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) between males and females was 1: 1.83 with a percentage of a male was 35.33% and female was 78.6%. The growth of Von Bertalanffy model in getting the infinitive growth for male giant prawns was 24.185 cm at 132 days then T0 was -1.1088 and growth rate was 0.0877 cm/day with correlation value was 0.88431 (88.431% = very strong correlation) and female giant prawns amounted to 18.470 cm at 101 days whileT0 was -1.0734 days and the growth rate was 0.1019 cm/day with a correlation value was 0.90626 (90.626% = very strong correlation).
Sex ratio and maturity of orange-dotted tuskfish Choerodon anchorago Bloch, 1791 in Wallace Line at Spermonde Archipelago
Authors: Tuwo A , Tika I H P , Yunus B , Suwarni  , Yasir I , Yanti A , Rahmani P Y , Aprianto R , Tresnati J
Published: September 2020

Orange-dotted tuskfishChoerodon anchoragowas a Labridae family that could be found in coral reef and seagrass ecosystems. Orange-dotted tuskfish has a wide distribution in Indo-Pacific waters which has an important economic value that needs to be managed sustainably. This study aims to analyze the sex-ratio and maturity of orange-dotted tuskfish. The samples were collected from fishermen catches that were landed at the Rajawali Makassar Fishing Port at Makassar city. The orange-dotted tuskfish sex ratio was not balanced between males and female. Macroscopically, it was seen that orange-dotted tuskfish was a hermaphrodite. The synchronicity of maturity stages between male and female, both based on the sampling period, and the length class indicated that the process of reproduction, especially fertilization, was relatively safe. Female orange-dotted tuskfish that reach the first maturity earlier than male; suggest that orange-dotted tuskfish was most likely a protogyny.
Preliminary experiment on masculinization of mud crab (Scylla tranquebarica) with 17α-methyl testosterone treatments
Authors: Sulaeman  , Herlinah  , Gunarto
Published: September 2020

There is a difference in growth between male and female mud crabs, where males grow faster than females. However, the price of female crabs can be higher than males when female crabs contain eggs which can reach one-third of the whole meat portion. Therefore, the preference for monosex or multi sex cultivation in aquaculture can provide different earnings. Sex reversal has been successfully carried out on various aquaculture fish species, but is yet not common in crustaceans, especially in mud crabs. This preliminary experiment aims to determine the possibility of the masculinization of mud crabs treated with 17α-Methyl Testosterone (MT). The experiments were carried out by the immersion of four-day-old crablets (C-4) with various doses of MT hormones (0, 1, 10, and 100 ppm) for four hours. Following the immersion treatment, crablets reared individually for two months before the male percentage was calculated at the end of the experiments. The result of the experiment showed that immersion with MT hormone solution at a dose of 100 ppm for four hours resulted in total death, whereas no deaths occurred at 0 and 1 ppm. While at 10 ppm treatment, 10% mortality occurred. The MT hormone immersion was found to be ineffective in sex inversion of the C-4 mud crabs where the male sex percentage between treated crab and the control was not significantly different (P>0.05). On the other hand; the second study showed that immersion of C-4 krablet with a dose of 7.5 ppm followed by feeding with MT containing diet for 30 days at 2.5-7.5 mg kg1 feed resulted in 100% male.
The Availability of Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus, Linnaeus, 1758) in seaweed culture area of marine coastal waters
Authors: Musbir  , Sudirman  , Bohari Ridwan
Published: September 2020

Seaweed cultures in marine coastal waters provide providing microhabitats, shelter, and food sources to fish and invertebrate. The availability of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in seaweed culture area was conducted from October to December 2019 in the south coastal waters of Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The purpose of the study was to assess the catch, size, and sex distribution of the blue swimming crab in the area. The crabs were caught by set bottom gillnets with 4 inches of mesh sizes and 300 m of a length. The carapace width (CW) and sex for each crab individual were recorded. The results of the study show that the total catch of 21 trips during 3-month fishing operation was 539 crabs that consist of 260 male (48.24 %) and 279 females (51.76 %). The (CW) of males ranged from 53.6 to 143.6 mm, while females ranged from 58.3 to 142.8 mm. There were 38 breeding crabs or 13.62 % from the female total. The carapace width of breeding crab ranged from 92.2 to 138.6 mm. Moreover, it needed to study in the area intensively.
Organoleptic quality of whiteleg shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) cultivated from intensive and traditional pond at Bulukumba District, South Sulawesi
Authors: Sipahutar Yuliati H , Suryanto MR , Ramli Husnul K , Pratama Riza B , Panjaitan Tina F C
Published: September 2020

The focus of this research is the effect of intensive and traditional ponds on the organoleptic quality of white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) during 8 days of storage. The study was conducted in a traditional pond at Manjalling Village, Ujung Loe Sub-District, and intensive ponds at Mariorennu Village, Gantarang Sub-District, Bulukumba District. The study design was carried out using the Randomized Block Design experimental method, with storage treatment of 0,2,4,6,8 days. The parameters studied were appearance, odor and texture. White shrimp from intensive ponds and traditional ponds are put in a cooler with a ratio of 2:1 ice and shrimp. The addition of ice is done every day and organoleptic testing is done at 2-day intervals. Around 10-20 g samples were used for organoleptic test using methods employed in SNI 01-2728.1-2006. Data analyzed using Kruskal Wallis continued with multiple comparisons. Organoleptic test of intensive and traditional ponds in 8 days storage shows the value of organoleptic quality decreases and is not acceptable for consumption, with shrimp appearance values 6.28 and 6.64; the odor of 6.15 and 6.59 and textures of 6.24 and 6.6. The standard organoleptic value is 7 based on SNI method. Therefore, shrimp is rejected because it does not meet the minimum specified quality. The conclusion is the organoleptic quality value of traditional shrimp ponds is higher than intensive shrimp ponds.
Characterization chemical composition of skin and head bones barracuda (Sphyraena jello) as collagen raw material
Authors: Harianti
Published: September 2020

Barracuda is one type of fish that is widely used in the diversification of processing fishery products. This business will increase the amount of waste if it is not managed optimally. This study aims to utilize fish skin and head bones as raw material for collagen, which can reduce the amount of fish processing waste and provide added value to the waste. Barracuda skin and head bones that will be used as a raw material in the manufacture of collagen are first characterized by analysis of the chemical composition of the skin, which includes water, ash, protein, fat content. This chemical composition analysis aims to assess the initial feasibility of barracuda skin and head bones as raw material for collagen. The results of proximate analysis of the skin and head bones of barracuda (Sphyraena jello) showed a water content of 67.39%; 22.56%, ash content 2.53%; 58.45%, protein content 21.69%; 14.32%, and fat content of 8.38%; 4.58%. Barracuda skin and head bones are still fresh in terms of the value of water content that is still in the range of water content of the skin and head bones in general. High protein levels in the skin compared to head bones barracuda allows it to be used as raw material for collagen. Barracuda skin and bone fat levels are high enough, so pretreatment needs to do to remove fat and minerals so that it can improve the quality of collagen produced.
Preliminary study of cultivated algae from South Sulawesi as antibacterial agent against fish pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Zainuddin EN , Tassakka ACM , Manggau M , Syamsuddin R
Published: September 2020

The way to prevent or treating bacterial diseases outbreaks with drugs or chemicals is the one of main solutions to solve the problems in aquaculture. The use of antibacterial agents has increased significantly in aquaculture practices, since the antibiotics used in both human as well as veterinary medicines have been tried experimentally to treat bacterial infections of fish. However, the evolving resistance of fish pathogenic bacteria to existing antibiotics has necessitated development of new alternatives. In the last three decades the discovery of metabolites with biological activities from algae has increased significantly. In this study, sixteen extracts from four algae of genusEucheumawere tested byin-vitroagainst five pathogenic bacteria (Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas anguilliseptica, Vibrio anguillarumandYersinia ruckeri). The algae were extracted in Soxhlet apparatus using solvents with increased polarity (hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water) for 24 h. The extract solutions were then evaporated and liophilized before using for the antibacterial test with agar diffusion method. The results revealed that three of four extracts (hexane, dichloromethane and water) were active against all pathogens, while methanol did not. The highest activity was shown by water extract, followed by the hexane and the dichloromethane extracts with lower activities. The water extract ofEucheuma spinosumhad a broad activity since it was active against four of five pathogenic strains.Vibrio anguillarumandPseudomonas anguillasepticawere the two most susceptible pathogens, while the most resistant was presented byAeromonas hydrophila. The screening results confirm that algae were potential to be developed as a source of antibacterial compounds or as a health-promoting food for aquaculture.
The role of women in the utilization of Enhalus acoroides: livelihoods, food security, impacts and implications for coastal area management
Authors: Nessa N , Gatta R , Ambo-Rappe R , Jompa J , Yahya A F
Published: September 2020

Coastal and island communities depend heavily on marine resources for their food and income. During the west monsoon (September to February), fishermen rarely go to sea, and their activities are limited to the small-scale fisheries, including gleaning the Enhalus acoroides fruits. Participants in this small-scale fishery sector are mainly women; with little or no skill required, these gleaners are often overlooked by the district level fisheries-related census. This case study focused on the role of coastal women with different levels of knowledge and utilization of E. acoroides in three cities/districts of South Sulawesi. This study aimed to determine the contribution of E. acoroides fruit collection to coastal community livelihoods and food security, to identify the impacts, and to seek alternative solutions for seagrass management. Qualitative methods were used to gather information on E. acoroides fruit collection, fishery knowledge, livelihood contributions, perceptions of seagrass condition, and alternative management solutions. Around 90% of E. acoroides fruit collectors were women aged between 30 to 80 years old. Women contribute greatly to livelihoods and food security in coastal areas because they play dominant roles in household affairs and the sale of fishery products. Unfortunately, the methods currently used for collecting E. acoroides fruit can be destructive and may have contributed to the decline in seagrass cover. However, prohibiting the collection of E. acoroides would not be an appropriate solution. A win-win solution is needed to empower women while simultaneously managing seagrass ecosystems sustainably.
Early maturity of Sandfish Holothuria scabra offers more prospective broodstock supply of a commercially important aquaculture species
Authors: Tresnati J , Yasir I , Syafiuddin  , Aprianto R , Yanti A , Bestari A D , Tuwo A
Published: September 2020

The supply of broodstock is a critical limitation on aquaculture of the commercially important sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. Previous research reported that H. scabra mature at a size of more than 450 g. This size is questionable because biologically primitive organisms such as H. scabra mature relatively early. This study aimed to analyze the size at first maturity of H. scabra. The first sexual maturity was analysed by dividing the H. scabra by weight with 25 g weight class intervals, resulting in 12 weight groups. The size at first sexual maturity was determined using mature H. scabra (Stages III, IV, and V). The first maturity of H. scabra was reached at a smaller size than previously reported, from 178 H. scabra that were observed, the first sexual maturity is achieved at 42 g gutted body weight. Small H. scabra potentially used as broodstock, which will produce H. scabra seeds in hatcheries. Although small in size, H. scabra mature can reproduce, of course, with a smaller reproductive capacity. Small size at the first sexual maturity offers the potential for dramatic improvements in the procurement of broodstock stock, by providing a much more accessible supply of H. scabra prospective broodstock.
Anatomical structure and physical properties of the 13 years old solomon-clone teakwood planted in Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Riantin N V , Wahyudi I , Priadi T
Published: September 2020

Anatomical structure, fiber dimension, and several physical properties of the 13 years old solomon-clone teak (Tectona grandis) wood planted in Bogor District, West Java Province, Indonesia have been studied. Macroscopic characteristics were observed directly by handy loupe, while microscopic characteristics were observed through microtome specimens. Fiber morphology was measured through maceration specimens, while physical properties were measured by modification of British Standard 373.1957. Results showed that anatomical structure and fiber length of this solomon-clone teakwood were not significantly different from those of common teakwood. The wood consists of 53% fiber, 29% vessel, 10% axial parenchyma, and 8% ray parenchyma; with 905.44-1199.36 μm fiber length and 2.50-6.72 μm cell wall thickness. Average of wood density and specific gravity was 1.04 g/cm3 and 0.51, respectively. Compared to those of 29 years old conventional teakwood as well as 4 and 5 years old faster grown teakwood planted at the same area, specific gravity of this wood was higher. In general, this solomon-clone teakwood is suitable as raw material for wooden furniture manufacturing. This wood is classified as the Strength Class of III, has decorative figures, wood grain is straight, wood texture is fine and even, lower in volumetric shrinkage, and without crystal or silica.
Growth disadvantage associated with centrosome amplification drives population-level centriole number homeostasis
Authors: Sala Roberta , Farrell KC , Stearns Tim
Published: September 2020

The centriole duplication cycle normally maintains number at two centrioles per G1 cell. However, some circumstances can result in an aberrant increase in centriole number. Cells with extra centrioles display extended cell cycle arrest, longer interphase durations, and death, which result in a proliferative disadvantage relative to normal cells.
Inspiratory muscle training for improving inspiratory muscle strength and functional capacity in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Manifield James , Winnard Andrew , Hume Emily , Armstrong Matthew , Baker Katherine , Adams Nicola , Vogiatzis Ioannis , Barry Gill
Published: September 2020

Background

The ageing process can result in the decrease of respiratory muscle strength and consequently increased work of breathing and associated breathlessness during activities of daily living in older adults.

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in healthy older adults.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted across four databases (Medline/Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library CINAHL) using a search strategy consisting of both MeSH and text words including older adults, IMT and functional capacity. The eligibility criteria for selecting studies involved controlled trials investigating IMT via resistive or threshold loading in older adults (>60 years) without a long-term condition.

Results

Seven studies provided mean change scores for inspiratory muscle pressure and three studies for functional capacity. A significant improvement was found for maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) following training (n = 7, 3.03 [2.44, 3.61], P = <0.00001) but not for functional capacity (n = 3, 2.42 [−1.28, 6.12], P = 0.20). There was no significant correlation between baseline PImax and post-intervention change in PImax values (n = 7, r = 0.342, P = 0.453).

Conclusions

IMT can be beneficial in terms of improving inspiratory muscle strength in older adults regardless of their initial degree of inspiratory muscle weakness. Further research is required to investigate the effect of IMT on functional capacity and quality of life in older adults.
Ionized Calcium Binding Adaptor Molecule 1 (IBA1)
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Wang Li-Ping , Ziober Amy , Zhang Paul J , Bagg Adam
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1), a marker of microglia/macrophages, has not been investigated in human hematopathologic contexts. We evaluated its expression in mature and immature neoplasms of monocytic/histiocytic and dendritic cell (DC) origin.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry for IBA1, CD14, CD68, and CD163 was performed on a total of 114 cases, including a spectrum of monocytic/histiocytic and DC neoplasms (20 tissue based and 59 bone marrow based) and several nonhistiocytic/monocytic/DC neoplasms as control groups (15 tissue based and 20 bone marrow based).

Results

IBA1 expression was observed in all types of mature tissue-based histiocytic/DC neoplasms (20/20) but not in the corresponding control group (0/15). In bone marrow–based cases, IBA1 was expressed in most acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) with monocytic differentiation (48/53), both blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms (2/2), and all chronic myelomonocytic leukemias (4/4), while it was positive in only one nonmonocytic AML (1/15) and none of the acute lymphoblastic leukemias (0/5). Collectively, IBA1 showed much higher sensitivity and specificity (93.7%, 97.1%) compared with CD14 (65.4%, 88.2%), CD68 (74.4%, 74.2%), and CD163 (52.6%, 90.6%).

Conclusions

IBA1 is a novel, highly sensitive, and specific marker for diagnosing neoplasms of monocytic/histiocytic and DC origin.