bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Com es trasllada una guerra a l’escenari?
Authors: Paloma Vila Cinta
Published: January 2025

Incendis (2003) forma part de la tetralogia La sang de les promeses, escrita pel dramaturg libanès Wajdi Mouawad. La guerra té un paper central en la peça, atès que és l’eix que configura la progressió de l’argument. Amb l’objectiu de considerar la voluntat d’universalització dels efectes dels conflictes bèl·lics i de reflexionar sobre les formes de transmissió de la violència des de les arts escèniques, aquest article analitza un seguit d’aspectes textuals de l’obra (model tràgic, estructura del temps narratiu, funció dels silencis i convivència entre llengües) i d’aspectes escènics del muntatge que Oriol Broggi va dirigir l’any 2012 (disposició de la sala, escenografia, il·luminació, espai sonor i vestuari).
Royal Malay Edicts from Kedah: A Diplomatic Study of Istimi
Authors: Gallop Annabel Teh
Published: January 2025

Abstract: From at least the 17th century through to the early 20th century, the term istimi was used in Kedah to refer to royal edicts or letters of appointment. This study of Kedah istimi is presented through the lens of diplomatics, by analysing the formal structure and formulaic components of this genre of Malay court documents, and draws on both original manuscript royal edicts and copies of istimi contained in secondary sources. Two original istimi are presented, one of which is probably the oldest known Malay document from Kedah, a royal edict issued by Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Syah appointing Raja Mangku Putera as governor of Kota Kuala (the fort at Kuala Kedah) in 1757. These original istimi are then compared with copies of istimi reproduced in Malay manuscript compilations of Kedah laws ( Undang-undang Kedah ). This study reveals the unique structure of document headings ( kepala surat ) on istimi in Kedah, and suggests that legal texts were probably used as source books for the composition of new istimi . It also highlights the significance of istimi as primary sources for the study of the traditional governance of Kedah.
Phase retrieval method for single-frame point diffraction interferogram images based on deep learning
Authors: Wang Tongmeng , Gao Fen , Li Bing
Published: January 2025

To address the issue of decreased measurement accuracy caused by environmental errors introduced by multi-step phase shifting in traditional point diffraction interferometry, a deep-learning-based phase retrieval method for single-frame point diffraction interferograms is proposed. Two neural networks, designed for different stages of interference fringe image processing, are constructed specifically for phase retrieval of point diffraction interferograms. A diverse dataset of point diffraction images is developed for training and optimization, enabling accurate and rapid processing to achieve high-precision phase unwrapping. The accuracy of this method is validated using actual images collected from a point diffraction experimental platform, and the results are compared with those obtained using ESDI professional interferogram processing software and other algorithms. The comparison demonstrates that the results are largely consistent, indicating that the proposed method is both fast and highly accurate in phase retrieval. This method provides a feasible solution for high-precision image processing in point diffraction interferogram analysis.
A broadcast-and-select ROADM architecture to support linear hub-ended trees using point-to-multipoint coherent transceivers [Invited]
Authors: Skorin-Kapov Nina , Pavón-Mariño Pablo , Quagliotti Marco , Riccardi Emilio , Napoli Antonio , Pedro João , González de Dios Oscar
Published: January 2025

Point-to-multipoint (P2MP) coherent pluggable transceivers based on digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM) have been proposed as a promising technology to reduce the costs of optical transport networks. However, to establish the P2MP trees, bidirectional multicast functionality is required at the optical nodes. While conventional broadcast-and-select (B&S) wavelength selective switch (WSS)-based reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) architectures can inherently perform splitting operations, merge operations of DSCM signals face internal blocking in conventional WSSs since they require switching signals from different input ports on the same carrier wavelength (although using different subcarriers) to the common output port. In this paper, we propose an alternative ROADM architecture requiring a simple low-cost modification, which can support P2MP trees, provided that they are routed as linear chains with the hub node at one end, without requiring multicast-enabled WSSs. We evaluate the potential savings of linear hub-ended P2MP trees on a metro reference scenario using a modified tree-determination, routing, and spectrum assignment (TRSA) dimensioning algorithm. Results indicate that linear hub-ended trees can significantly reduce transceiver costs with respect to point-to-point (P2P) solutions in all considered cases, with savings ranging from 6%–28% depending on the traffic load. While these savings are somewhat less than those achievable with arbitrary P2MP trees and latency is slightly higher, spectrum waste is reduced by employing linear routing, and the trees can be supported by the proposed architecture.
Study on enhancement of imaging effect of silicon-based up-conversion NIR detector by cascade material fusion method
Authors: Zhou Jianwei , Qu Guannan , Ren Yu , Li Shuang , Shi Jing , Wang Tingting , Tan Yong , Ding Shangshuang , Li Dongliang , Lv Zhong , Jiang Chunxu , Li Ye , Cai Hongxing
Published: January 2025

The nonlinear frequency conversion of the up-conversion materials facilitates the conversion of near-infrared (NIR) into visible, which can be detected by the silicon-based detector. However, the low emission intensity of up-conversion materials limited the application. In this paper, a cascade material fusion (CMF) method was proposed to increase the visible emission intensity, which enhanced the imaging of up-conversion silicon-based NIR detectors. The energy level transition mechanism of CMF suggested that the host material (HM) could realize four stimulated emissions under 1550 nm excitation to enhance the up-conversion emission intensity of HM. The silicon-based NIR imaging detectors based on CMF and HM were prepared, and it was observed that the fusion ratio of doped material (DM) and HM has a significant impact on the silicon-based NIR imaging detector upon 1550 nm excitation. The enhanced imaging effect was optimal when the fusion ratio of DM and HM was 0.125, which enhanced about 3.4 times by comparison with the HM detector.
Fast and reliable atom transport by optical tweezers
Authors: Hwang Sunhwa , Hwang Hansub , Kim Kangjin , Byun Andrew , Kim Kangheun , Jeong Seokho , Pratama Soegianto Maynardo , Ahn Jaewook
Published: January 2025

Movable single atoms have drawn significant attention for their potential as flying quantum memory in non-local, dynamic quantum computing architectures. However, when dynamic optical tweezers are employed to control atoms opto-mechanically, conventional methods such as adiabatic controls and constant jerk controls are either inherently slow or induce mechanical heating, leading to atom loss over long distances or at high speeds. To address these challenges, we explore the method known as shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) as an efficient alternative for fast and reliable atom transport. We present a series of proof-of-concept experiments demonstrating that STA-based optical tweezer trajectories can achieve both rapid and reliable single-atom transport. These experiments include moving atoms between two locations, adjusting speeds en route, and navigating curved trajectories. Our results indicate that atoms can be transported with a constant acceleration on average over distances that is only limited by trap lifetime, while effectively suppressing vibrational heating. This makes STA methods particularly well-suited for long-distance atom transport, potentially spanning distances over centimeter scales, such as between quantum information devices.
Maternal occupational exposures during early stages of pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in the NINFEA birth-cohort
Authors: d’Errico Antonio , Popovic Maja , Pizzi Costanza , Moirano Giovenale , Moccia Chiara , Richiardi Lorenzo , Maule Milena
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Maternal occupational exposures during early pregnancy can be detrimental to foetus health and have short- and long-term health effects on the child. This study examined their association with adverse birth outcomes.

Methods

The study included 3938 nulliparous women from the Italian NINFEA mother-child cohort. Their occupational exposures during the first trimester of pregnancy were assessed through prospectively collected questionnaire information and job-exposure matrices. Associations between maternal exposures and birthweight, preterm birth, and delivery by caesarean section were analysed by multivariable linear and logistic regression models. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out to explore co-exposure profiles in association with birth outcomes.

Results

Women exposed to passive smoking at work and those who reduced their working hours during pregnancy were found to have an increased likelihood of all analysed birth outcomes. Children of mothers performing a demanding work were less likely to be born preterm [OR 0.72 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.95)] and more likely to have a higher birthweight [β = 40.4 g (95% CI 7.5 to 73.4)]. Maternal exposures to heat and dust were associated with a lower birthweight [β = -160.1 g (95% CI -299.6 to -20.7)] and increased odds of caesarean section [OR 6.99 (95% CI 2.36 to 25.47)], respectively.

Conclusions

This study provides some evidence of the selection of healthy population into the workforce and of association between work-related passive smoking, heat and dust and adverse birth outcomes.
Ankle muscle strength and activation are associated with walking patterns in preschool and school-age children
Authors: Apibantaweesakul Sudarat , Omura Shiho , Qi Weihuang , Sado Natsuki , Shiotani Hiroto , Tanaka Fumiko , Suttanon Plaiwan , Kawakami Yasuo
Published: January 2025

Walking patterns can differ between children and adults, both kinematically and kinetically. However, the detailed nature of the ankle pattern has not been clarified. We investigated musculature, biomechanics, and muscle activation strategies and their relevance to walking performance in preschool (PS) and school children (SC), with adults (AD) as reference. Twenty-six PS (3–5 yr), 20 SC (6–8 yr), and 17 AD (18–30 yr) participated. Tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) thicknesses, fascicle lengths, and maximal voluntary dorsi- and plantar flexion isometric torques were measured. Hip, knee, and ankle kinematics, ground reaction forces (GRFs), and TA and MG electromyographic activities were recorded during shod walking at each participant’s preferred speed. Walking speed, step length, and cadence were correlated with age in PS. These walking performance measures were also correlated with muscle thickness and fascicle length, showing higher speed in individuals with thicker muscles and longer TA and MG fascicles (conversely, higher cadence with thinner muscles and shorter fascicles). AD demonstrated the largest values for muscle thickness (p<0.001), fascicle length (p<0.001), strength (p<0.001), and walking performance (speed p = 0.004; step length p<0.001; cadence p<0.001), followed by SC then PS. Both PS and SC exhibited higher TA activities than AD during the stance phase, resulting in a higher co-activation index. The GRFs relative to body weight were lower in both horizontal and vertical components in PS compared to SC and AD, while the relative lateral force during stance was greatest in PS followed by SC and then AD. Differences in preferred walking speed and step length were associated with age and muscle size. Children, particularly preschool-aged, employed a co-activation strategy of dorsi- and plantar flexors for stabilization, which resulted in sideways steps even at a preferred walking speed.
Costs of outpatient services at selected primary healthcare centers in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hasan Md. Zahid , Mehdi Gazi Golam , Tisha Khadija Islam , Rabbani Md. Golam , Ahmed Mohammad Wahid , Paul Subrata , Islam Ziaul , Mahmood Shehrin Shaila
Published: January 2025

Background

Upazila Health Complexes (UzHC) serve as the backbone of primary healthcare (PHC) at the sub-district level in Bangladesh, delivering comprehensive healthcare services including both inpatient and outpatient services to the grassroots levels. However, not all the prescribed medicines and diagnostics services are always available at these facilities for outpatient care. This results in out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) to the patients for getting prescribed medicines and diagnostics services which has not been properly explored. Thus, we aimed to estimate the overall provider and user costs for outpatient care services at selected UzHCs in Bangladesh.

Methods

An ingredient-based costing approach was applied to estimate the costs for the most commonly reported illnesses at outpatient of UzHCs from a societal perspective. We conducted a health facility survey at four purposively selected UzHCs to estimate provider costs and a patient exit survey among 452 patients of selected illnesses to estimate the user costs. Commonly reported illnesses were identified in consultation with healthcare providers of these facilities. The difference between costs of prescribed and provided medicines at UzHCs was estimated using the market prices. Data was collected between February to March 2021.

Results

The societal costs of the common outpatient illness or symptoms varied significantly, ranging from BDT 642 to BDT 1,384 per episode. Antenatal care had the highest cost burden at BDT 1,384, followed by respiratory illness at BDT 783 and urinary tract infection at BDT 670. On average, the provider spent BDT 289 for treating an outpatient, while a patient incurred BDT 446 as OOPE. Further, a patient was expected to spend an average of BDT 341 for purchasing medicines not provided from UzHCs.

Conclusion

Our study found significant gaps between prescribed and provided medicines at UzHCs, leading to higher OOPE for patients. The current healthcare resource allocation strategy does not consider the outpatient load and healthcare demand at PHC facilities, which further exacerbates this gap. Addressing this gap requires a fundamental shift towards a demand-driven resource allocation model within the healthcare financing strategy to improve healthcare access and achieve health for all.
Cerimónias de execução pública no Antigo Regime - escatologia e justiça
Authors: Araújo Ana Cristina
Published: January 2025

La peine de mort occupe une place importante dans le système juridique de l'Ancien Régime. Prévue pour un grand nombre de délits graves, son application est néanmoins drastiquement freinée par la pratique judiciaire. Dans la plupart des sentences prononcées par voie de recours, analysées en fonction des données disponibles et selon une approche comparative, on observe que les mécanismes d'imposition de la justice royale privilégient la grâce ou la règle de commutation de peine pour la plupart des crimes punissables par la punition atroce de la privation de la vie.
La superposition symbolique du pouvoir du Roi et de la justice de Dieu, ancrée dans l'arbitre juste et impondérable de la punition et du pardon, se reflète dans la liturgie pénale. Le rituel des exécutions capitales, fixé au XVIe siècle, fait revivre la fonction eschatologique de la justice. Dans le contexte des gestes, actes et symboles qui définissent et normalisent le spectacle de l'exécution publique, la transposition de la discipline du martyre dans le champ répressif de la justice entraîne des implications variées.
L'appropriation religieuse du corps puni, soutenue par la vision sacrificielle et rédemptrice de la foi chrétienne, constitue un élément clé dans le développement du drame social représenté sur l'échafaud. Néanmoins, les mécanismes de propagande utilisés par la justice ne produisent pas l'unanimité. L'appropriation diversifiée des rapports de cas réels de condamnation à mort et de leurs sentences respectives s'articule avec la production de discours multiples sur le crime et le châtiment.
Para um projecto de desenvolvimento em Riba-Côa e no Cima-Côa - A importância dos transportes e das comunicações
Authors: Santos João Marinho dos
Published: January 2025

Cette étude revisite, sous la forme d'un article, la thématique de la modernisation des transports et des communications au Portugal pendant la période de la « Régénération », tout en évaluant ses résultats à l'échelle régionale et particulièrement son incidence sur le territoire situé le long du fleuve Côa, un affluent du Douro, et à proximité de la frontière espagnole centrale.
À l'heure où la question des « accessibilités » routières (notamment la conversion de l'IPS en autoroute) et ferroviaires (le projet du TGV) est très vive parmi nous, il n'est pas dénué d'intérêt d'écouter le message de l'histoire et de nous interroger sur le rôle des moyens par rapport aux finalités. En dépit des « routes royales » (plus tard « routes internationales ») et de la ligne de chemin de fer de Beira Alta, les indices de production et de productivité de « Riba-Côa » et de « Cima Côa » ont-ils augmenté ? Il suffit de regarder l'intensité de la migration et de l'émigration dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. Et aujourd'hui, veut-on effectivement développer la région ? Il y a des ressources, un « savoir » et (encore) une forte connaissance culturelle. Mais y a-t-il une volonté politique pour décider?
Poder e Administração Local na Gouveia Medieval
Authors: Coelho Maria Helena da Cruz
Published: January 2025

Neste estudo contextualiza-se inicialmente a ocupação social da Beira nos séculos XI e XII, dando a conhecer a sua rede de senhorios leigos e eclesiásticos e a sua malha concelhia. A partir desse enquadramento, analisa-se, como pormenor, o foral concedido a Gouveia, em 1186, por D. Sancho I, precisando o seu clausulado económico e de incentivo ao povoamento, o seu normativo judicial, o quadro dos seus órgãos e oficiais dirigentes e as clivagens sociais da sua população, repartida por cavaleiros-vilãos e peões, que denunciam ainda a relevante posição geo-estratégica e o forte objectivo político-militar do concelho.
Conhece-se, em seguida, a organização política e sócio-económica da região no século XIII, já muito permeabilizada aos avanços da senhorialização, a partir dos dados fornecidos pelas Inquirições de 1258.
Finalmente acompanha-se essa progressão do regime senhorial por terras da Beira nos séculos XIV e XV, particularizando as doações dos rendimentos do concelho de Gouveia e de algumas terras do seu termo, outorgadas pelos diversos monarcas a certas famílias da nobreza. Este apetite senhorial não destruiu, porém, o concelho de Gouveia, que se foi mantendo ao longo dos séculos, e obteve até de alguns soberanos a confirmação dos seus privilégios, acabando mesmo por vir a receber foral novo de D. Manuel, a 1 de Junho de 1510.
Bajo su mano. Escritura y soberanía en "Yo, el supremo"
Authors: Martinez Alejandro
Published: January 2025

En este artículo propongo una lectura crítica sobre las relaciones entre soberanía y escritura en la novela Yo el supremo, del escritor paraguayo Augusto Roa Bastos. Centrándome en las distintas alusiones y el rol desempeñado por las manos en la novela, abordo cómo la novela plantea una sofisticada revisión de la soberanía, explorando las dualidades de los cuerpos biológico y político del soberano. Sostengo que la figura del soberano se reconfigura a través de la mimetización y replicación de su letra manuscrita, tensionando la relación entre documento y ficción y propiciando la muerte del cuerpo político del soberano. Mi artículo examine cinco formas singulares de escritura correspondientes a diversos movimientos de manos en la novela que dan cuenta de las ambivalencias de la soberanía. Divido el artículo en estas cinco formas: “la mano que ordena”, “la mano que (le) escribe”, “las manos que (des)ordenan”, “Las manos que mueven” y “La mano que borra”. Estas categorías permiten demostrar cómo la figura del soberano trasciende la dualidad cuerpo biológico-cuerpo político, tal como Ernst Kantorowicz argumenta, y se configura como un ensamblaje de múltiples cuerpos, materialidades y escrituras.Este ensamblaje me permite demostrar cómo Roa Bastos supera la representación histórica de la figura del dictador como representante de la soberanía, presentando en cambio una compleja red de manos que hacen viable el poder soberano. En conclusión, sugiero cómo la posibilidad de imitar la letra del soberano resulta en la muerte de la dualidad cuerpo biológico-cuerpo político.
Transposiciones cortazarianas: versiones audiovisuales de “La autopista del sur”
Authors: Dillon Alfredo
Published: January 2025

Este artículo ofrece un análisis comparativo del cuento “La autopista del sur” (1959) de Julio Cortázar y dos largometrajes que lo retoman: Week-end (1967) de Jean-Luc Godard y L'ingorgo - Una storia impossibile (1979) de Luigi Comencini. El análisis apunta a reconocer continuidades y rupturas entre las diferentes versiones, producidas en contextos diversos. Se aborda también la campaña publicitaria argentina La autopista del sur (2000), que retomó el relato en tres spots cinematográficos. Distantes en sus respectivas estéticas, los films de Godard y Comencini han sido leídos como transposiciones del cuento de Cortázar, a contramano de lo declarado por sus propios autores. El presente artículo apunta a justificar la legitimidad de esa operación de lectura señalando las afinidades entre los textos. Tanto el cuento de Cortázar como sus reversiones audiovisuales desplazan los límites de lo real y cuestionan a la burguesía mientras despliegan una posición ambivalente en relación con el impacto social de la tecnología. Esa doble reflexión ingresa a la trama por medio de la figura de un embotellamiento hiperbólico, que quiebra la temporalidad realista y posibilita nuevas formas de lazo social. Como Cortázar, Godard y Comencini ven en el automóvil mucho más que una tecnología de uso cotidiano: en estos relatos, los coches funcionan como signos culturales de la sociedad de consumo, percibida como inhumana y decadente. Esa valoración se invierte parcialmente en los spots que retoman “La autopista del sur” para publicitar una marca de autos en el año 2000. El inconformismo, la fractura de la racionalidad lineal y la voluntad de restituir la comunicación profunda con el otro emergen en “La autopista del sur” y en sus transposiciones cinematográficas como claves de la poética y la ética que rigen la literatura de Cortázar.
Flores, M. (2020). Estrella de dos puntas. Octavio Paz y Carlos Fuentes: crónica de una amistad. Ariel.
Authors: Țiței-Avădanei Alina
Published: January 2025

Reseña de Alina Țiței-Avădanei: FLORES, M. (2020). Estrella de dos puntas. Octavio Paz y Carlos Fuentes: crónica de una amistad. Ciudad de México: Ariel, 654p, ISBN: 978-607-569-012-4.
Pereyra, C. y Reyes, A. (2021). Senderos que se bifurcan. Cartas 1914-1933. Edición y estudio introductorio de Aurora Díez-Canedo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Authors: Rupérez Pascual Miguel
Published: January 2025

Reseña de Miguel Rupérez Pascual: Pereyra, C. y Reyes, A. (2021). Senderos que se bifurcan. Cartas 1914-1933. Edición y estudio introductorio de Aurora Díez-Canedo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. 216 pp. ISBN: 9786073041645.
Alberto Giordano: Una postura literaria en Facebook
Authors: Piana Castillo Carlos
Published: January 2025

Partiendo del concepto de postura literaria de Jerome Meizoz, el presente trabajo se propone el análisis de los gestos de Alberto Giordano, académico, reciente diarista, que inicia publicando en Facebook antes de hacerlo en una editorial —primero argentina, luego española—. Por un lado, se analizará en qué consiste llevar un diario en Facebook, frente al diario del todo íntimo y el diario con miras a la publicación. Giordano, además, es especialista en literatura del yo y, en especial, en el diario: de allí que la poética del diario se torne uno de sus temas recurrentes. Cuanto más, si ese diario lo lleva en Facebook, que posee unas dinámicas específicas. A la vez, ese conocimiento científico del diario le lleva a emular gestos paradigmáticos de los autores de ese género, por lo que surge la cuestión sobre si su diario es apenas una impostura o un auténtico ejercicio diarístico. El que luego de iniciado el diario en Facebook opte por publicarlo, es otra decisión digna de estudio y una manera más de insertarse en el campo literario. Es de interés, finalmente, la manera en que Giordano construye su imagen de autor, esto es, de diarista y autor literario. La precisión de «literario» es pertinente, ya que Giordano inicia su andanza desde la conciencia de ser leído primeramente como autor académico y los condicionantes que eso supone en su propio estilo y en el imaginario del lector. A través de ciertos gestos —las fotografías en su perfil de Facebook, el estilo y el vocabulario empleado, los temas a los que se aboca y la cotidianidad que relata—, Giordano construye una nueva imagen de sí: la de autor literario, sin rehuir su condición de especialista del género.
Saneleuterio, E. y Fuentes del Río, M. (eds.) (2021). Femenino singular. Revisiones del canon iberoamericano contemporáneo. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca
Authors: Bermejo Lozano Adriana
Published: January 2025

Reseña del libro: Saneleuterio, E. y Fuentes del Río, M. (eds.) (2021). Femenino singular. Revisiones del canon iberoamericano contemporáneo. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 207 pp. ISBN: 9788413116013.
Comparative analysis of the physical and phenotypic traits of native cattle (Bos indicus) in the Tarai region of North Bihar for conservation
Authors: Mohan Krishna , Kumar Pramod , Kundu Anandamoy
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: The evaluation of the phenotypic and morphological characteristics of indigenous breeds may help to frame breeding policies and plans to implement breed conservation and improvement programs to increase the efficiency of the native breed of the Tarai region. This study aimed to determine the phenotypic and morphological characteristics of indigenous cattle of the Tarai region of North Bihar.

Materials and Methods: A field study was undertaken in 32 villages belonging to 13 blocks of the East and West Champaran districts of Bihar. Animals (n = 562) of different age groups were studied to evaluate their phenotypic and morphological characteristics.

Results: It revealed that cattle of the Tarai region are small breeds, and the heights at withers in the females and males were 104.2 ± 0.32 cm and 115 ± 0.27, respectively, with a significant (p = 0.000) difference between sexes. In addition, heart girth was significantly (p = 0.000) higher in males than females. Body length and chest girth were 101.6 ± 0.13 cm and 132.6 ± 0.25 in adult females and 114.8 ± 0.23 cm and 145.7 ± 0.15 cm in adult males, respectively. Body weight also differed significantly (p = 0.001), with 180.9 ± 1.12 and 208.7 ± 1.91 cm for females and males, respectively. Among the draught animals of India, the region cows were comparatively low milkers, with an average lactation yield of 680.2 ± 4.52 kg with a mean lactation length of 224.5 ± 2.06 days and a peak yield of 3.4 ± 0.06 kg/day. The age at first calving and calving interval of Tarai cattle was recorded 32.4 ± 0.22 months and 16.2 ± 0.12 months, respectively.

Conclusion: The results of this study could serve as a potential guide for the establishment and identification of new cattle breeds based on the phenotypic and morphometric characteristics of the cattle in Tarai region of North Bihar using baseline data. The data generated from this study can be useful for new Tarai breed identification and serve to establish long-term selective breeding programs for Tarai cattle in the region.

Keywords: body weight, conservation, phenotypic traits, physical, Tarai cattle.
Ellenzéki pozícióba szorult magyar konzervatívok a
neoabszolutizmus első évei alatt 1849–1852
Authors: Krizsán Bálint
Published: January 2025

A dolgozat alapvetően az 1849 és 1852 közötti időszakot
tekinti át és elemzi. Ennek ellenére a munka az áprilisi törvények
és a konzervatívok kapcsolatának taglalásával indul, mivel a
forradalom és szabadságharc utáni éveket tekintve ennek ismerete
elengedhetetlen a konzervatívok későbbi magatartását vizsgálva. Az
értekezés öt nagy fejezetre tagolódik: az első rész 1849
februárjától Karl Geringer báró császári biztossá történő
kinevezéséig, a második rész 1849 nyarától 1850 áprilisáig tekinti
át a konzervatív tábor tevékenységét, míg a harmadik rész a
konzervatívok közös, 1850. áprilisi memorandumára fordít figyelmet;
a negyedik rész a memorandum kiadása és a birodalmi alkotmány
visszavonása közötti időszakkal foglalkozik, míg az ötödik és
egyben utolsó rész Apponyi György gróf 1852-es memorandumát
tárgyalja. Ebben az időszakban összesen négy olyan dokumentum
ismert, amely a konzervatív vezetők elképzeléseit és
helyzetértékelését tükrözi, így azok egyben a tábor kollektív
véleményét tükröző programoknak is tekinthetők. Ezek az Apponyi
György vezette titkos magyar bizottság 1849. tavaszi memoranduma,
Dessewffy Emil gróf 1849. májusi (és júniusi) memoranduma, a
konzervatívok 1850. áprilisi közös memoranduma, illetve Apponyi
1852-es memoranduma. Apponyi két emlékirata ilyen értelemben
keretbe foglalja a dolgozat témáját, azonban, amint látni fogjuk,
azok nem tekinthetők egyedül Apponyi szellemi termékének. A munka
törzsét tehát az 1849 tavaszától, a birodalmi alkotmány kiadásától
1852 márciusáig, a definitív rendezést előre jelző bizottsági
munkálatokig tartó időintervallumnak a vizsgálata képezi. A kezdeti
pont kiválasztása, tehát 1849. február–március – a már említetteken
kívül – azzal magyarázható, hogy az 1848-as forradalommal
szembeforduló és a birodalmi kormányhoz közeledni próbáló
konzervatívok a március 4-i alkotmány következtében szembesültek
először a két tűz – a nemzet és a dinasztia – közé kerülés
érzésével, és vált politikai pozíciójuk és programjuk birodalmi
szempontból többé-kevésbé ellenzékivé. Ez természetesen nem
jelentette a birodalmi politikai elittel kiépített kapcsolatok
megszakítását, továbbra is igyekeztek a tűz közelében, azaz Bécshez
közel maradni. A dolgozat végpontjául szolgáló dátum azért 1852.
március, mert Apponyi memoranduma után hosszú ideig tartózkodtak a
konzervatívok a nyílt véleménynyilvánítástól, és éveken keresztül –
1857-ig – a politikai térről a társadalmi-kulturális életre
helyezték át tevékenységük súlypontját. Több kudarc után vélhetően
ekkor ismerték fel véglegesen, hogy az állami intézményrendszer
ideiglenes állapot utáni újjászervezése Magyarországon az ő
részvételük nélkül fog végbemenni.
Women’s Presence in the Southern Levant During the
Hellenistic-Roman Period
Authors: Tashman Laura Habes
Published: January 2025

Nők szerepe a dél-levantei térségben a hellénisztikus-római
korban c. doktori disszertációjához Disszertációm célja, hogy
bemutassa és korabeli forrásokkal alátámassza, hogy a nők milyen
fontos szerepet játszottak a dél-levantei térségben a
hellénisztikus-római korban. Kutatásaim során megvizsgáltam a nők
szerepét a társadalmi és politikai életben és a vallásgyakorlatban.
Az általam felvetett kérdések közül a legfontosabbak: Hihetünk-e
olyan sztereotípiáknak, hogy a nők csak házimunkát végeztek a
korban? Életük során mindig betartották a férfi családtagjaik által
meghatározott normákat és korlátozásokat? Volt-e hatásuk a
közösségeikre, és különösen, részt vettek-e közösségük vallási
életében? Vannak-e olyan nők, akiknek a nevét a megőrizték a
történeti források, esetleg válhattak-e vezetőkké? Kutatásaim során
a klasszikus auctorok szövegei mellett a helyi források
összegyűjtése és angol nyelvre fordítása volt a fő feladatom. Az
írott források mellett a tárgyi emlékeket is vizsgáltam. A vizsgált
csoportok, népek és vallások közül kiemelten foglalkoztam a
zsidóság, Palmyra, Nabatea asszonyaival, illetve az újszövetségi
nőalakokkal. Az egyes fejezetek elején az adott csoportot, népet
mutattam be, majd a vonatkozó források alapján a hozzájuk tartozó
nők és asszonyokról szerzett ismereteimet foglalom össze. Ahol
azonosítható, sorra veszem a nők által betöltött társadalmi,
politikai és vallási szerepköröket, ha ismerünk konkrét
személyeket, bemutatom őket. Ezzel a módszerrel az egyes
kultúrákhoz kapcsolódóan megtudhatjuk, hogy milyen szerepet
töltöttek be a nők a társadalomban. Az általam vizsgált (és több
esetben elsőként angol nyelvre fordított) források alapján
bebizonyosodott, hogy a nők szerepe korántsem csak anyai vagy
háziasszonyi volt, hanem sokan közülük kiemelkedő szerepet
játszottak a dél-levantei térség vallásaiban és történelmében a
hellénisztikus-római időszak alatt. A jövőben célom kutatásaim
folytatása, illetve disszertációm eredményeinek megjelentetése egy
monográfiában, melyben az összes a témához kapcsolódó írásos
forrást és tárgyi emléket összegyűjtök, hogy a kutatók és az
érdeklődő könnyen megismerhessék e térség ókori történetének ezt a
fontos időszakát. Kulcsszavak: Dél-Levante a hellénisztikus-római
korszakban; nők a dél-levantei térségben; a nők szerepe a
társadalomban; a női szerepek a vallásgyakorlatban; nők és
közösségek; papnők; Dél-Levante vallásai a hellénisztikus-római
korszakban; Palmyra; Zenobia királynő; palmyrai vallás; palmyrai
nyelv, a nabateusok; a nabateusok vallása; arámi írás; nabateus
írás; nabateus uralkodók; nők a nabateus társadalomban; zsidó
vallás története a hellénisztikus-római korban; nők Qumránban; nők
szerepe a zsidó vallásban.
Simulation of wind flow around an alternative flat-roofed fortress tower ruin
Authors: Poliak Martin , Franek Michal , Gregorová Jana
Published: January 2025

An analysis of the effects of alternative flat roof sizes and positions on wind flow around a ruin model is presented. The modelled ruin has almost cube-like proportions, with an open roof plane and a destroyed corner. Roofs over ruins are seen as a means of protection against the wind, which is considered a destructive mechanism. The purpose of the roof as a monumental means of presentation and limits of its implementation are also discussed. Wind flow is illustrated by external pressure and skin friction coefficients. Taking their changes into account, the degree of protection flat roof alternatives provide is estimated and optimal flat roof alternatives are discussed. Simulations were carried out using the 3D Time Steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the Shear StressTransport k-ω turbulence model.
Empowering Principals to Lead Project-Based Learning with Students Historically Underrepresented in STEM
Authors: McKay H. Frank
Published: January 2025

Education thought leaders highlight the need to expand access to high-quality STEM learning for students historically underrepresented in STEM fields, and project-based learning (PjBL) is often seen as a key strategy. Introducing PjBL to classrooms typically focuses on building teacher capacity, but principals also play a key role in effective implementation. This paper describes findings from an action research study that investigated ways to help school leaders learn to support PjBL in ten mid-high poverty schools as part of a federally funded grant to increase access to STEM for underrepresented students. Findings highlight the need to (a) help principals understand how PjBL can support learning needs by observing implementation with similar student populations, (b) provide principals with a variety of targeted learning opportunities to learn how to support implementation, (c) consider school context when planning PjBL support, and (d) ensure plans for PjBL implementation are aligned with systemwide goals.
Exploring Racial Justice with Culturally Responsive Mathematical Modeling in the Primary Grades: Cultivating Criticality in the Problem-Based Learning Space
Authors: Suh Jennifer , Aguirre Julia , Turner Erin , Carlson Mary Alice , Fulton Elizabeth , Tate Holly , McVicar Elzena
Published: January 2025

This study explores the integration of culturally responsive mathematical modeling (CRMM) in primary grades to promote racial justice and critical consciousness. The research focuses on how CRMM can support problem-based learning (PBL) by engaging students in analyzing real-world issues through mathematics. CRMM leverages students' cultural knowledge, identities, and experiences to critically examine and address social justice issues, such as racial representation in classroom libraries. The study utilizes a case study approach to investigate the supports and challenges faced by two primary grade teachers in designing and implementing a CRMM task, the Library Diversity Project. This project aimed to evaluate and improve the fairness of classroom library collections by analyzing the representation of different racial and cultural groups in children's books. The research highlights the importance of collegial support, critical reflection, and the use of specific pedagogical tools, such as decision matrices and graphical representations, in facilitating CRMM. Key findings indicate that CRMM tasks can cultivate critical awareness and empathy among students, enabling them to take action to address inequities. The study also unveils the complexity of implementing CRMM, particularly in navigating political, contextual, and mathematical challenges. Teachers' critical reflexivity and collaboration were essential in addressing these challenges and fostering a learning environment that allowed students to use mathematics to analyze an issue and take action. The research contributes to the literature on equity-focused mathematics education by providing empirical evidence of the potential of CRMM to promote social justice in the primary grades. It emphasizes the need for ongoing professional development and support for teachers to effectively integrate CRMM into their practice. The study concludes with recommendations for future research and practice in culturally responsive mathematics teaching.
Special Issue: Designing for Equity within Problem-Based and Project-Based Learning
Authors: Holincheck Nancy , Bergeron Liz , Butler Tiffany
Published: January 2025

We are pleased to introduce this special issue of the International Journal of Problem-Based Learning (IJPBL), titled “Designing for Equity within Problem-Based and Project-Based Learning.”  In this issue, we focus on designing intentionally for equity within Project-based and Problem-based Learning to foster educational equity, advance justice, and promote deeper, more meaningful learning experiences for all students.
Optimizing Sustainable High-performance Green-concrete Characteristics with Minimum Cement Content: Experimental Program
Authors:   Department of Engineering Affairs, University of Fallujah, Iraq., H. Alani Aktham
Published: January 2025

With the increasing cement demand for concrete production, this study aims to optimize the compressive strength and rapid chloride permeability (RCP) of highperformance green concrete (HPGC) with minimum cement content using an experimental and analytical Response Surface Method (RSM). Waste palm oil fuel ash (POFA) was treated by heating and grinding processes to produce ultrafine POFA (UPOFA), which was employed by 0%, 30%, and 60% as a replacement binder with cement in HPGC production. Silica Fume (SF) was replaced by 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the remaining mass of cement. The RSM with a central composite design (CCD) approach was utilized to optimize the mix design parameters. The experimental results showed that HPGC containing 30% UPOFA and 20% SF achieved superior compressive strength at ages of 28 days and 90 days. The combination of 60% UPOFA and 20% SF demonstrated the lowest permeability to chloride. The developed models had statistical significance and demonstrated satisfactory correlation values (R2) of 99.43 and 99.9; 99.46 and 99.67 for compressive strength and RCP at 28 days and 90 days, respectively. Thus, RSM could be an effective strategy for optimizing the mix design and reducing the harmful environment by minimizing waste volume and intensive energy for cement production, thereby harnessing concrete sustainability. Keywords: Concrete sustainability, Green concrete, RSM, UPOFA, Silica fume.
Numerical Study of Supercritical Flow over Mesh-panel Bottom Rack Used to Estimate the Dividing Discharge Streamline in Clear Water Conditions
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering, Khayyam University, Mashhad, Iran, Bina Keivan
Published: January 2025

Bottom racks are critical for diverting flow for small hydropower projects. This study investigates the hydraulic behavior of a mesh-panel bottom rack, comprising longitudinal and transverse bars, under clear-water conditions using a numerical model developed with the Flow-3D finite volume code. The research focuses on the discharge dividing streamline (DDS) and derives an empirical regression equation for its position based on model results. The numerical model is calibrated and validated against experimental data from Bina and Saghi (2017), yielding average relative errors of 3.4% for diverted discharge (Qd) and 1.9% for remaining discharge (Qr). The pressure distribution and vertical flow velocity analyses reveal that negative pressure around the transverse bars enhances diverted discharge. The vertical velocity distribution shows that outflow begins after approximately 30% of the rack length. The deep velocity distribution extracted from the Flow-3D model matches experimental data well, achieving a coefficient of determination (R² = 0.98) and a relative error (Er = 0.32%). This study proposes a regression relation to estimate the normalized DDS position, facilitating easy determination of diverted discharge in river diversion projects by measuring the approaching flow depth. Keywords: Bottom rack, Diverted discharge ratio (DDR), Discharge dividing streamline (DDS), Flow-3D numerical model, Hydraulic behavior, Vertical flow velocity.
El linaje Cabanilles, Condes de Casal, en la Valencia moderna
Authors: Felipo Orts Amparo
Published: January 2025

Entre las diversas perspectivas desde las que la reciente historiografía contempla a la nobleza, el estudio de los linajes se viene mostrando como un enfoque propicio para armonizar desde el largo recorrido las trayectorias individuales y colectivas de los miembros de la Casa; profundizar en los diferentes escenarios y múltiples facetas -familia, patrimonio, aportación femenina, dinámica relacional, gestión señorial, conflicto, política, milicia, ascenso social, vida cotidiana, cultura, religiosidad o mecenazgo- que expresan su auténtica significación; y relacionar a sus componentes -hombres y mujeres- con los procesos históricos que vivieron o protagonizaron. Con este escenario como marco de referencia, este libro analiza la trayectoria del linaje Cabanilles -que alcanzaría el titulo de condes de Casal- durante el periodo comprendido entre mediados del siglo XV y principios del XIX, hitos cronológicos que marcan el nacimiento y la extinción del apellido que durante tres centurias se situó al frente de los señoríos de Alginet y Benissanó, y durante un periodo también de Bolbaite. La doble intención de aportar luz sobre esta casa nobiliaria valenciana y sus protagonistas e insertarla en el proceso histórico del reino de Valencia y de la Monarquía hispánica permite transcender su caso particular para dejar aflorar algunos de los problemas fundamentales de la sociedad de su momento, contribuyendo así a perfilar el conocimiento sobre el panorama sociopolítico de Valencia y, por extensión, de la Época Moderna en general.
Kesalahan Penggunaan Partikel Pada Klausa Relatif Mahasiswa Tingkat Dua di Kelas Menulis Artikel Populer Bahasa Jepang
Authors: Winingsih Irma , Wahyuningsih Tri Mulyani , Santoso Budi
Published: January 2025

This research examines errors in the use of particles in embedded clauses made by second semester students at the UDINUS Japanese Literature Study Program in the Writing Popular Japanese Articles class. The author considers that discussing this matter is very important considering that the ability to understand this embedded clause will be applied to the ability to speak, write, read and also translate. Apart from that, the ability to understand embedded clauses will support success in working on Reading questions on the Japanese JLPT test. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a syntactic approach and interpretative techniques. The mistake students generally make is that it is still difficult to understand the use of the "ga" particle as a subject marker in embedded clauses. This research uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method with a syntactic approach and interpretative techniques.
ANALISIS STANDAR PENERBANGAN DI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN HUKUM UDARA INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Kusumadewi Puan Maharani , Roisah Kholis , Prabandari Adya Paramita , Manitra Ramalina Ranaivo Mikea
Published: January 2025

Kesalahan manusia dapat menyebabkan kecelakaan penerbangan. Oleh karena itu, manajemen suatu negara harus memiliki sistem yang terpercaya untuk memastikan penerbangan yang aman dan nyaman. Penelitian ini mengkaji persyaratan keselamatan dan keamanan penerbangan Indonesia serta implementasinya dibandingkan dengan hukum dan peraturan penerbangan internasional. Penelitian ini menganalisis data menggunakan penelitian doktrinal. Studi ini menemukan bahwa Indonesia menerapkan monisme dengan doktrin inkorporasi dan dualisme dengan doktrin transformasi. Indikator keselamatan penerbangan dan indikator keamanan penerbangan menunjukkan implikasinya. Menurut penelitian ini, semua pihak harus memiliki kesadaran hukum untuk mematuhi semua hukum dan peraturan yang ada. Kampanye budaya keselamatan penerbangan secara nasional juga diperlukan. Gerakan ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan ketenangan kepada penumpang pesawat.
MENINJAU KEMBALI HUKUM DAN KEADILAN SOSIAL DALAM TRANSFORMASI DIGITAL
Authors: Wiratraman Herlambang Perdana , Budi Arifin Setyo
Published: January 2025

Transformasi digital menghadirkan peluang dan tantangan bagi hukum dan keadilan sosial diakibatkan revolusi digital yang mengganggu kerangka hukum lama dan konvensional, sehingga memerlukan peraturan baru guna mengatasi beragam permasalahan. Kajian ini menfokuskan pada perlunya memikirkan kembali paradigma, teori maupun pendekatan hukum dan keadilan yang selama ini diperdebatkan dan dikonsepkan dalam ranah hukum, peradilan dan kebijakan politiknya, dalam konteks muktahir dan menjadi landasan pengembangan pendidikan hukum dan praktek pengembangan hukum, terutama dengan perkembangan teknologi digital. Serta upaya menjawab, bagaimana proses pemaknaan hukum dan keadilan sosial bisa menjadi lebih relevan menawarkan dahaga pengetahuan atas ruang publik dalam konteks perkembangan teknologi digital. Artikel ini mengajak mengembangkan pemikiran kritis imajinatif atas persinggungan hukum dan keadilan sosial yang berbasis pada kebutuhan dan sekaligus realitas teknologi digital.