bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fostering knowledge building in learning by teaching: A test of the drawing‐facilitates‐explaining hypothesis
Authors: Fiorella Logan
Published: June 2023

Undergraduates (n = 132) learned about the human respiratory system and then taught what they learned by explaining aloud on video. Following a 2 × 2 design, students either generated their own words or visuals on paper while explaining aloud, or they viewed instructor‐provided words or visuals while explaining aloud. One week after teaching, students completed explanation, drawing, and transfer tests. Teaching with provided or generated visualizations resulted in significantly higher transfer test performance than teaching with provided or generated words. Furthermore, teaching with provided visuals led to significantly higher drawing test performance than teaching with generated visuals. Finally, the number of elaborations in students' explanations during teaching did not significantly differ across groups but was significantly associated with subsequent explanation and transfer test performance. Overall, the findings partially support the hypothesis that visuals facilitate learning by explaining, yet the benefits appeared stronger for instructor‐provided visuals than learner‐generated drawings.
Practical tracking control of a class of uncertain nonlinear systems and unknown output function
Authors: Dorgham Ahlem , Hammami Mohamed Ali
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates the problem of global practical tracking control via dynamic output‐feedback for a family of uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown output function. The nonlinear terms of the system under consideration are assumed to be bounded by an unknown parameter multiplied by a function of unmeasured states. Furthermore, contrary to the previous works, the system output is presented with a multiplicative unknown measurement noise. Based on a high‐gain observer to reconstruct the unmeasured system states and handle the unknown output function, an adaptive output feedback controller is designed to guarantee the reference trajectory tracking. The boundedness of all the closed‐loop signals is verified by Lyapunov analysis and the tracking errors are proved to be sufficiently small prescribed after a finite time. A practical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme.
A Dual Synergetic Nanoreactor for Managing Parkinson's Disease by Regulating Inflammation and Mitigating Oxidative Damage
Authors: Li Qing , Wu Tingting , Akakuru Ozioma Udochukwu , Song Nannan , Liu Wei , Jiang Wei , Fan Kelong
Published: June 2023

Glial cell‐dominated inflammatory microenvironment and neuronal damage due to oxidative stress are major impediments to the treatment of central nervous degenerative diseases. Herein, a neuroinflammatory regulatory nanoreactor is developed by encapsulating dihydroquercetin (Que) and Pt nanozymes (Ptzymes) in mannitol modified poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles. The nanoreactor shows enhanced antioxidative activities compared with either Que or Ptzymes alone due to synergetic effects of the incorporated active agents. In cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), the nanoreactor traverses the blood–brain barrier and accumulates in neurons and microglia, thereby mitigating oxidative damage of neurons, and promoting the polarization of microglia into the anti‐inflammatory M2‐phenotype to control PD progression. This work demonstrates the gains of combining anti‐inflammation small molecule compound and antioxidant nanozyme in a synergetic nanoreactor to effectively prevent neuronal damage and suppress the inflammatory microenvironment, which holds great potential for managing the advances of PD.
Robust Self‐Catalytic Reactor for CO2 Methanation Fabricated by Metal 3D Printing and Selective Electrochemical Dissolution
Authors: Kim Hyo‐Jin , Mori Kohsuke , Nakano Takayoshi , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: June 2023

The methanation of CO2 has been actively pursued as a practical approach to mitigating global climate change. However, the complexity of the catalyst development process has hindered the development of new catalysts for CO2 methanation; as a result, few catalysts are commercially available. Herein, a multifunctional self‐catalytic reactor (SCR) is prepared via metal 3D printing and selective electrochemical dissolution as a method to not only simplify the catalyst development process but also fabricate active catalysts for CO2 methanation. The combination of metal 3D printing and selective electrochemical dissolution is demonstrated as a feasible method to prepare active catalysts for the methanation of CO2 in a short time. In addition, the use of an electrochemical method enables the formation of galvanic cells on the SCR; these cells continuously generate active sites via self‐dissolution during a simple refresh process, resulting in high reusability of the SCR. The proposed method represents a new facile technique to fabricate highly reusable catalysts that exhibit superior performance for CO2 methanation, and the results provide a guideline for preparing metal 3D‐printed catalysts that will satisfy industrial demand.
Perovskite‐Organic Coupling WLED: Progress and Perspective
Authors: Chen Xinrui , Xiang Hengyang , Wang Run , Wang Yifei , Wang Yongjin , Zeng Haibo
Published: June 2023

Perovskite shows great potential in lighting and display owing to its advantages of low cost, high efficiency, and whole visible light tunability. However, how to realize high‐efficiency white perovskite light‐emitting diodes (WPeLEDs) still faces challenges such as the stability of devices and the energy regulation between different emission centers. In recent years, some organic molecules are introduced into the perovskite system because of their role in stabilizing perovskite crystals and enhancing photoelectric properties. In this review, the strategy of perovskite‐organic combination and coupling emission are emphasized, hoping to promote the development of high‐efficiency WPeLEDs. First, the research status of perovskite‐organic coupling WLEDs (POC‐WLEDs) is summarized in detail. Then, the development direction and possibility of POC‐WLEDs are proposed by combining them with some recent reports on POC methods. Finally, an outlook on POC‐WLEDs is proposed. It is a considerable strategy to introduce organic luminescent molecules into perovskite systems as ligands or A‐site organic cations for coupling emission with perovskite. In addition, the technologies of the organic polymer matrix, interfacial exciplex, and organic crosslinking are noteworthy exploration directions. They will promote the development of POC‐WLEDs in improving the stability of perovskite electroluminescence and regulating the energy transfer efficiency between perovskite/organic‐molecule emitting centers.
Pharmacological Inhibition of Ferroptosis as a Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Strokes
Authors: Wang Yumin , Wu Shuang , Li Qiang , Sun Huiyan , Wang Hongquan
Published: June 2023

Emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis, a unique regulated cell death modality that is morphologically and mechanistically different from other forms of cell death, plays a vital role in the pathophysiological process of neurodegenerative diseases, and strokes. Accumulating evidence supports ferroptosis as a critical factor of neurodegenerative diseases and strokes, and pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis as a therapeutic target for these diseases. In this review article, the core mechanisms of ferroptosis are overviewed and the roles of ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases and strokes are described. Finally, the emerging findings in treating neurodegenerative diseases and strokes through pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis are described. This review demonstrates that pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis by bioactive small‐molecule compounds (ferroptosis inhibitors) could be effective for treatments of these diseases, and highlights a potential promising therapeutic avenue that could be used to prevent neurodegenerative diseases and strokes. This review article will shed light on developing novel therapeutic regimens by pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis to slow down the progression of these diseases in the future.
Following Pauline advice? A short note on moderate alcohol consumption and subjective well‐being in Europe
Authors: Rousselière Damien , Coisnon Thomas , Musson Anne , Rousselière Samira
Published: June 2023

The relation between alcohol consumption and well‐being is a controversial issue. Although the deleterious effects of heavy alcohol consumption on health have been demonstrated, research found that moderate drinking may have positive effect on various dimensions of human capital. Our contribution to this debate is original. We provide new cross‐country evidence on the relation between alcohol consumption and well‐being controlling for a whole set of confounders. While binge drinking has an overall negative impact on well‐being, we also found a negative impact of complete abstinence. For drinkers, consumption of beer and wine have opposite effects: beer have a small but significant negative effect on well‐being but only in combination with binge drinking. The positive effect of the consumption of wine on subjective well‐being may be minimized or even ruled out by a higher frequency of binge drinking. [EconLit Citations: D12, I31, L66]
Electroreductive Desulfurative Transformations with Thioethers as Alkyl Radical Precursors**
Authors: Kuzmin Julius , Röckl Johannes , Schwarz Nils , Djossou Jonas , Ahumada Guillermo , Ahlquist Mårten , Lundberg Helena
Published: June 2023

Thioethers are highly prevalent functional groups in organic compounds of natural and synthetic origin but remain remarkably underexplored as starting materials in desulfurative transformations. As such, new synthetic methods are highly desirable to unlock the potential of the compound class. In this vein, electrochemistry is an ideal tool to enable new reactivity and selectivity under mild conditions. Herein, we demonstrate the efficient use of aryl alkyl thioethers as alkyl radical precursors in electroreductive transformations, along with mechanistic details. The transformations proceed with complete selectivity for C(sp3)−S bond cleavage, orthogonal to that of established transition metal‐catalyzed two‐electron routes. We showcase a hydrodesulfurization protocol with broad functional group tolerance, the first example of desulfurative C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond formation in Giese‐type cross‐coupling and the first protocol for electrocarboxylation of synthetic relevance with thioethers as starting materials. Finally, the compound class is shown to outcompete their well‐established sulfone analogues as alkyl radical precursors, demonstrating their synthetic potential for future desulfurative transformations in a one‐electron manifold.
Structural‐transformation‐induced Drastic Luminescence Changes in an Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid [ReN(CN)4]2− Salt Triggered by Chemical Stimuli
Authors: Ohtani Ryo , Xu Jianeng , Yanagisawa Junichi , Iwai Yuudai , Ehara Takumi , Miyata Kiyoshi , Onda Ken , Pirillo Jenny , Hijikata Yuh , Hiraoka Tomoaki , Hayami Shinya , Le Ouay Benjamin , Ohba Masaaki
Published: June 2023

We synthesized a (1‐propylpyridinium)2[ReN(CN)4]‐type organic–inorganic hybrid exhibiting water‐vapor‐induced drastic structural changes of the [ReN(CN)4]2− assemblies. Specifically, upon exposure to water vapor, dehydrated nitrido‐bridged chains were converted to hydrated cyanido‐bridged tetranuclear clusters via rearrangements of large molecular building units in the crystals. These switchable assembly forms display substantially different photo‐physical properties, although in both cases the emission is caused by a metal‐centered d–d transition. The nitrido‐bridged chain exhibited a near‐infrared (749 nm) emission, which blue‐shifted as the temperature increased, while a visible (561 nm) emission and its red shift was demonstrated by the cyanido‐bridged cluster.
Flexible and rigid ionic organoplatinum complexes and their antiproliferative activities
Authors: Chakraborty Arnab , Singh Khushwant , Vaswani Payal , Gangrade Ankit , Bhatia Dhiraj , Das Neeladri
Published: June 2023

Syntheses of five (1–5) cationic organometallic complexes bearing two platinum (II) centers are being reported. Compounds 1 and 2 have a flexible molecular backbone and are isomeric. Compounds 3, 4, and 5 are structural isomers with a rigid structural framework and containing pyrimidine/pyrazine in the center and two pendant arms bearing the alkynyl–ditopic platinum units. Compounds 1–5 were systematically characterized using FT‐IR, NMR [1H, 31P{1H}, and 13C{1H}], and HRMS. The antiproliferative activity of these compounds was examined against HeLa cancer cell line, and results were compared with that of cisplatin. “Live/dead” cell death assay was performed to ratify the superior antiproliferative activities of some of these organometallic complexes with respect to cisplatin.
Anti‐drip flame retardant poly(urethane‐imide) thin films for high‐temperature applications
Authors: Meena Mahipal , Roy Prasun , Jacob Josemon
Published: June 2023

The present work deals with developing anti‐drip, flame‐retardant, poly(urethane‐imide) copolymer films for potential use in specialized applications. PUI formulations containing varying amounts of different flame retardants were prepared to achieve UL‐94 VTM‐0 rating without any melt‐drip. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that PUI exhibits multi‐step degradation. The presence of flame‐retardant additives operating through a condensed phase mechanism was found to reduce the initial degradation temperature and increase char yield. SEM imaging of the char residue revealed the intumescent behavior of PUI with APP and PEPA additives. Both these additives were found to be effective flame retardants for PUI films. The addition of 25% APP and 25% PEPA led to VTM‐0 and VTM‐1 ratings, respectively, without melt drip. DOPO, a representative vapor phase flame retardant, was also found to be effective for PUIs, with 25% DOPO introduction resulting in a VTM‐0 rating. Conventional phosphate‐based flame retardants, such as triethyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, and triphenyl phosphate, were found to be relatively ineffective for PUI films. Interestingly, the mechanical properties of PUI improved significantly upon the introduction of flame‐retardant additives. High thermal stability, and anti‐drip flame retardant properties, bestows these formulated PUIs excellent candidature as materials for applications where flame retardancy with anti‐drip is mandatory.
Melatonin–vorinostat hybrid ligands show higher histone deacetylase and cancer cell growth inhibition than vorinostat
Authors: Helmi Youssef Y. , Papenkordt Niklas , Rennar Georg , Gbahou Florence , El‐Hady Ahmed K. , Labani Nedjma , Schmidtkunz Karin , Boettcher Stefan , Jockers Ralf , Abdel‐Halim Mohammad , Jung Manfred , Zlotos Darius P.
Published: June 2023

Anticancer drug conjugates are an emerging approach for future cancer treatment. Here, we report a series of hybrid ligands merging the neurohormone melatonin with the approved histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat, using melatonin's amide side chain (3a–e), its indolic nitrogen (5a–d), and its ether oxygen (7a–d) as attachment points. Several hybrid ligands showed higher potency thanvorinostat in both HDAC inhibition and cellular assays on different cultured cancer cell lines. In the most potent HDAC1 and HDAC6 inhibitors, 3e, 5c, and 7c, the hydroxamic acid moiety of vorinostat is linked to melatonin through a hexamethylene spacer. Hybrid ligands 5c and 7c were also found to be potent growth inhibitors of MCF‐7, PC‐3M‐Luc, and HL‐60 cancer cell lines. As these compounds showed only weak agonist activity at melatonin MT1 receptors, the findings indicate that their anticancer actions are driven by HDAC inhibition.
Hepatoprotective role of myricitrin isolated from Mimusops elengi Linn. leaves extract on γ‐radiation‐induced liver damage in rats: Phyto‐biochemical investigations
Authors: Sayed Dina F. , Mohamed Marwa A. , Nada Ahmed S. , Temraz Abeer , Ahmed Amal H.
Published: June 2023

The hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract of Mimusops elengi Linn. (M. elengi L.) leaves and isolated pure myricitrin (3‐, 4‐, 5‐, 5, 7‐five hydroxyflavone‐3‐O‐α‐l‐rhamnoside) (Myr) were evaluated in male rats exposed to γ‐irradiation. The extraction of M. elengi L. leaves was performed using ethyl acetate (EtOAC). Seven groups of rats were used: control group, irradiated (IRR) group (6 Gy of γ‐rays in a single dose), vehicle group (oral administration of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose for 10 days), EtOAC extract group (100 mg/kg body weight of extract, orally for 10 days), EtOAC + IRR group (administration of extract and exposure to γ‐rays on Day 7), Myr group (50 mg/kg body weight Myr, orally for 10 days), and Myr + IRR group (administration of Myr and exposure to γ‐rays on Day 7). High‐performance liquid chromatography and 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance were used to isolate and characterize the compounds from M. elengi L. leaves. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used for biochemical analyses. Identified compounds were Myr, myricetin 3‐O‐galactoside, myricetin 3‐O‐rahmnopyranoside (1 → 6) glucopyranoside, quercetin, quercitol, gallic acid, α‐,β‐amyrin, ursolic acid, and lupeol. Serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activities were significantly increased, while serum protein and albumin levels were significantly decreased after irradiation. Hepatic levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α, prostaglandin 2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and IL‐12 were increased following irradiation. Improvements were observed in most serological parameters after treatment with extract or pure Myr, with histological analyses confirming decreased liver injury in treated rats. Our study demonstrates that pure Myr has a greater hepatoprotective effect than M. elengi leaf extracts against irradiation‐induced hepatic inflammation.
Self‐Assembly of Poly(Amino Acid)s Mediated by Secondary Conformations
Authors: Li Zifen , Zheng Yi , Yan Jingyue , Yan Yue , Peng Chuan , Wang Zuojie , Liu Hang , Liu Yang , Zhou Yeqiang , Ding Mingming
Published: June 2023

Self‐assembly of block copolymers has recently drawn great attention due to its remarkable performance and wide variety of applications in biomedicine, biomaterials, microelectronics, photoelectric materials, catalysts, etc. Poly(amino acid)s (PAAs), formed by introducing synthetic amino acids into copolymer backbones, are able to fold into different secondary conformations when compared with traditional amphiphilic copolymers. Apart from changing the chemical composition and degree of polymerization of copolymers, the self‐assembly behaviors of PAAs could be controlled by their secondary conformations, which are more flexible and adjustable for fine structure tailoring. In this article, we summarize the latest findings on the variables that influence secondary conformations, in particular the regulation of order‐to‐order conformational changes and the approaches used to manage the self‐assembly behaviors of PAAs. These strategies include controlling pH, redox reactions, coordination, light, temperature, and so on. Hopefully, we can provide valuable perspectives that will be useful for the future development and use of synthetic PAAs.
Reactivity of [AuF3(SIMes)]: Pathway to Unprecedented Structural Motifs
Authors: Winter Marlon , Ellwanger Mathias A. , Limberg Niklas , Pérez‐Bitrián Alberto , Voßnacker Patrick , Steinhauer Simon , Riedel Sebastian
Published: June 2023

We report on a comprehensive reactivity study starting from [AuF3(SIMes)] to synthesize different motifs of monomeric gold(III) fluorides. A plethora of different ligands has been introduced in a mono‐substitution yielding trans‐[AuF2X(SIMes)] including alkynido, cyanido, azido, and a set of perfluoroalkoxido complexes. The latter were better accomplished via use of perfluorinated carbonyl‐bearing molecules, which is unprecedented in gold chemistry. In case of the cyanide and azide, triple substitution gave rise to the corresponding [AuX3(SIMes)] complexes. Comparison of the chemical shift of the carbene carbon atom in the 13C{1H} NMR spectrum, the calculated SIMes affinity and the Au−C bond length in the solid state with related literature‐known complexes yields a classification of trans‐influences for a variety of ligands attached to the gold center. Therein, the mixed fluorido perfluoroalkoxido complexes have a similar SIMes affinity to AuF3 with a very low Gibbs energy of formation when using the perfluoro carbonyl route.
AI in Process Industries – Incubator Labs and Use Cases
Authors: Kockmann Norbert , Schindler Thorsten , Urbas Leon
Published: June 2023

No abstract.
Clinical assessment of VSR site and size and its relation to the severity of heart failure in post‐myocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture patients
Authors: Nobah Ali Mansour Ali , Abuheit Ezaldin M. I. , Jian Liguo , Wang Xiaofang , Zhang Yanzhou
Published: June 2023

Background

Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare but well‐known mechanical consequence of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Even in the later stages of re‐perfusion therapy, the result of VSR remains poor. Our aim is to assess the site and size of VSR in relation to the severity of cardiac failure.

Methods

From January 2016 to December 2022, a total of 71 patients with a diagnosis of post‐myocardial infarction VSR were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. Data records were retrospectively included in this registry. In all patients, clinical and echocardiographic data were gathered, and statistical analyses were performed.

Results

A total of 71 consecutive patients (mean age: 66.27 ± 8.88 years); 50.7% male, 49.3% female, with (M:F) ratio of almost (1:1). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was (48.55 ± 10.44%) on echocardiography, and apical VSR was the most common site (69.0%). Overall, the VSD site was strongly related to the VSD size (p = .016), LVEF (p = .012), AMI site (p = .001), and affected coronary vessel (p = .004). Prodromal angina (p = .041), intra‐aortic balloon pump (p = .002), affected coronary vessels (p = .020), pro‐BNP (p = .000), and LVEF (p = .017) were predictors of the severity of heart failure.

Conclusions

Diabetes mellitus is a common risk factor for post‐myocardial infarction VSR. VSR site and size had no relation to the severity of heart failure. A presentation with prodromal angina predicted severe heart failure and a worse prognosis.
Structure and Conformation of Individual Molecules upon Adsorption of a Mixture of Benzoporphyrins on Ag(111), Cu(111), and Cu(110) Surfaces
Authors: Adhikari Rajan , Brox Jan , Massicot Stephen , Ruppel Michael , Jux Norbert , Marbach Hubertus , Steinrück Hans‐Peter
Published: June 2023

We investigated the adsorption behavior of a mixture of six 2H‐tetrakis‐(3, 5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)(x)benzoporphyrins (2H‐diTTBP(x)BPs, x=0, 1, 2‐cis, 2‐trans, 3, and 4) on Ag(111), Cu(111) and Cu(110) at room temperature by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ultra‐high vacuum conditions. On Ag(111), we observe an ordered two‐dimensional square phase, which is stable up to 400 K. On Cu(111), the same square phase coexists with a stripe phase, which disappears at 400 K. In contrast, on Cu(110), 2H‐diTTBP(x)BPs adsorb as immobile isolated molecules or dispersed short chains along the [1
0] substrate direction, which remain intact up to 450 K. The stabilization of the 2D supramolecular structures on Ag(111) and Cu(111), and of the 1D short chains on Cu(110) is attributed to van der Waals interactions between the tert‐butyl and phenyl groups of neighboring molecules. From high‐resolution STM, we can assign all six 2H‐diTTBP(x)BPs within the ordered structures. Moreover, we deduce a crown shape quadratic conformation on Ag(111) and Cu(111), an additional saddle‐shape on Cu(111), and an inverted structure and a quadratic appearance on Cu(110). The different conformations are attributed to the different degree of interaction of the iminic nitrogen atoms of the isoindole and pyrrole groups with the substrate atoms.
BATTERY 2030+ and its Research Roadmap: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ahlgren Per , Jeppsson Tobias , Stenberg Esa , Berg Erik , Edström Kristina
Published: June 2023

In this bibliometric study, we analyze two of the six battery research subfields identified in the BATTERY 2030+ roadmap: Materials Acceleration Platform and Smart functionalities: Sensing. In addition, we analyze the entire research field related to BATTERY 2030+ as a whole. We (a) evaluate the European standing in the two subfields/the BATTERY 2030+ field in comparison to the rest of the world, and (b) identify strongholds of the two subfields/the BATTERY 2030+ field across Europe. For each subfield and the field as a whole, we used seed articles, i. e. articles listed in the BATTERY 2030+ roadmap or cited by such articles, in order to generate additional, similar articles located in an algorithmically obtained classification system. The output of the analysis is publication volumes, field normalized citation impact values with comparisons between country/country aggregates and between organizations, co‐publishing networks between countries and organizations, and keyword co‐occurrence networks.
A 17 GHz inductorless low‐pass filter based on a quasi‐Sallen–Key approach
Authors: Bocciarelli Cristian , Centurelli Francesco , Monsurrò Pietro , Spinogatti Valerio , Trifiletti Alessandro
Published: June 2023

In this paper, an evolution of the Sallen–Key biquad architecture is presented, suitable for applications at very high frequency. The pole of the buffer amplifier is exploited as one of the poles of the biquad, therefore overcoming the constraints it poses on the maximum resonance frequency that can be achieved. This allows designing low‐pass filters with cutoff frequencies above 10 GHz without using bulky inductors and with good linearity performance provided by the use of feedback. This approach has been exploited to design a biquad in a commercial SiGe BiCMOS technology with maximum
of about 320 GHz. The biquad has been designed to provide a resonance frequency
of 12 GHz and a quality factor Q of 1.9; postlayout simulations show a cutoff frequency in excess of 17 GHz, 15.75 mW of power consumption, an equivalent input noise below 1 
Vrms, and −52 dB of total harmonic distortion (THD) for a 640 mVpp input signal, with a very limited area consumption.
Lake water chemistry and population of origin interact to shape fecundity and growth in Daphnia ambigua
Authors: Rogalski Mary A. , Ferah Utku
Published: June 2023

Freshwater environments vary widely in ion availability, owing to both natural and anthropogenic drivers. Field and laboratory work point to the importance of overall salinity, as well as cation depletion, in shaping the physiology, behavior, and ecology of freshwater taxa. Yet, we currently have a poor understanding of the degree to which populations may vary in response to ion availability. Using Daphnia collected from three lakes that differ greatly in salinity and calcium availability, we conducted a laboratory reciprocal transplant experiment to assess how animals representing these populations vary in fecundity, body size, and survival when reared in lake water from each environment. The lake water environment and population of origin strongly interacted to shape Daphnia growth and reproduction. Surprisingly, we found only modest evidence that lake water with abundant calcium (5.5 vs. 1.2–2.3 mg/L) increased Daphnia growth or reproduction. By contrast, water from a relatively ion‐rich lake (400 μS/cm specific conductance) strongly boosted Daphnia fecundity over lower‐ion lake water (20–50 μS/cm), especially for the population originating from the high‐ion environment. Our results suggest that ion‐poor conditions common in regions around the world may exert stress on freshwater organisms, even for populations inhabiting these environments. Meanwhile, moderate salt enrichment may not prove harmful but could even benefit freshwater taxa in these ion‐poor regions. The context dependence of how and when lake water chemistry affects Daphnia and other freshwater taxa deserves greater attention, in both ion‐depleted and ion‐rich conditions. Daphnia are key members of lake food webs and serve as an important model for ecology, evolution, and toxicology research. Consideration of how lake water chemistry may influence how Daphnia populations respond to abiotic and biotic stress may improve the ability to evaluate and predict ecological and evolutionary dynamics in lakes of varying chemical composition.
Addressing the complex phylogenetic relationship of the Gempylidae fishes using mitogenome data
Authors: Mthethwa Siphesihle , Bester‐van der Merwe Aletta E. , Roodt‐Wilding Rouvay
Published: June 2023

The Gempylidae (snake mackerels) family, belonging to the order Perciformes, consists of about 24 species described in 16 genera primarily distributed in tropical, subtropical, and temperate seas worldwide. Despite substantial research on this family utilizing morphological and molecular approaches, taxonomy categorization in this group has remained puzzling for decades prompting the need for further investigation into the underlying evolutionary history among the gempylids using molecular tools. In this study, we assembled eight complete novel mitochondrial genomes for five Gempylidae species (Neoepinnula minetomai, Neoepinnula orientalis, Rexea antefurcata, Rexea prometheoides, and Thyrsites atun) using Ion Torrent sequencing to supplement publicly available mitogenome data for gempylids. Using Bayesian inference and maximum‐likelihood tree search methods, we investigated the evolutionary relationships of 17 Gempylidae species using mitogenome data. In addition, we estimated divergence times for extant gempylids. We identified two major clades that formed approximately 48.05 (35.89–52.04) million years ago: Gempylidae 1 (Thyrsites atun, Promethichthys prometheus, Nealotus tripes, Diplospinus multistriatus, Paradiplospinus antarcticus, Rexea antefurcata, Rexea nakamurai, Rexea prometheoides, Rexea solandri, Thyrsitoides marleyi, Gempylus serpens, and Nesiarchus nasutus) and Gempylidae 2 (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum, Ruvettus pretiosus, Neoepinnula minetomai, Neoepinnula orientalis, and Epinnula magistralis). The present study demonstrated the superior performance of complete mitogenome data compared with individual genes in phylogenetic reconstruction. By including T. atun individuals from different regions, we demonstrated the potential for the application of mitogenomes in species phylogeography.
K3[MO4][MO3N] (M=Tc, Re) – Nitridotrioxidorhenate and ‐technetate from Highly Alkaline Media
Authors: Badea Désirée , Olthof Selina , Neudörfl Jörg M. , Glaum Robert , Pöttgen Rainer , Reimann Maximilian Kai , Meerholz Klaus , Reimer Max , Logemann Christian , Strub Erik , Bruns Jörn
Published: June 2023

The reactions of ammonium perrhenate and pertechnetate in highly alkaline medium led to the isotypic mixed anionic nitridotrioxidorhenate and ‐technetate K3[MO4][MO3N] (M= Tc, Re). Both compounds occur as colorless crystals, which were investigated by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Furthermore, K3[ReO4][ReO3N] has been studied by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the oxidation state of rhenium. The obtained results have been complemented by magnetic measurements. IR and Raman spectroscopy indicated the presence of Re−O as well as Re−N bonds.
Seismic reliability analysis of soil slope based on Newmark sliding block model with representative slip surfaces and response surfaces
Authors: Yu Guangming , Li Chunli , Li Liang , Yu Hongbiao
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a framework combining Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) and the Newmark sliding block model with representative slip surfaces (RSS) (model II) and multiple response surfaces method (MRSM) to conduct seismic reliability analysis and risk assessment of soil slopes. An empirical threshold is introduced to define the limit state function to identify the failure samples in MCS and the sliding area and Newmark sliding displacement are multiplied to quantify the failure consequence. The proposed methodology is illustrated through a soil slope with multiple layers. The calculation results demonstrate that traditional Newmark sliding block model (model I) tend to underestimate the variations of yield acceleration. Both the failure probability and landslide risk exhibit decreasing trends with the increase of threshold. Significant discrepancy in failure probability and landslide risk between two models is found even for a small threshold. Therefore, the proposed methodology is highly recommended in seismic reliability analysis and risk assessment. The contributions of RSSs to the failure probability and landslide risk are insensitive to the variation of displacement thresholds.
The effect of retirement on health behaviors
Authors: Gorry Devon , Slavov Sita Nataraj
Published: June 2023

This paper analyzes the effect of retirement on health behaviors using three nationally representative U.S. datasets. Findings show a decrease in drinking at the intensive margin, particularly for males. Individuals change their composition of exercise behaviors upon retirement, with varying effects of retirement depending on exercise intensity and gender. Dining patterns also change, with changes in eating out among men and more time spent on food preparation. Finally, although retirement increases time spent watching TV and movies as well as time spent sleeping, it reduces overall sedentary time.
Indian sickle cell disease registry for surveillance and patient management: Development and implementation
Authors: Babu Bontha V. , Sharma Yogita , Surti Shaily B. , Bhat Deepa , Sridevi Parikipandla , Ranjit Manoranjan , Sudhakar Godi , Sarmah Jatin
Published: June 2023

In India, sickle cell disease (SCD) predominantly occurs in indigenous (tribal) people, who are about 104 million. However, screening and diagnosis seldom happen. This situation necessitates developing a comprehensive SCD care model, including a registry. This paper describes the development and implementation of the Indian SCD registry (ISCDR) in six tribal‐dominated districts of India. The ISCDR was created in two components—(i) an Android‐based mobile/tablet application, (ii) a dashboard/admin panel for patients' data management and retrieval. Data capture involves two electronic case report forms (CRF), that is, the primary form (CRF‐1) and the repeat visit form (CRF‐2). CRF‐1 is completed as soon as the patient is found positive and captures the patient's information, including medical history, diagnosis, symptoms, precipitating factors, hospitalisation history and treatment received. Issues related to quality, security and data‐sharing were addressed. After the screening system was functional, ISCDR was initiated. In 12 months, data of 324 SCD patients and 1771 carriers were entered. The study demonstrates the feasibility of establishing an SCD registry in India. It collects systematic longitudinal data on SCD patients, which are essential for programme planning and management. Further, it is feasible to scale up and integrate with other health management databases.
Immunoglobulin Go: Synergy of Combinatorics for Catalysis
Authors: Smirnov Ivan , Belogurov Alexey , Golovin Andrey , Stepanov Alexey , Zhang Hongkai , Blackburn G. Michael , Gabibov Alexander
Published: June 2023

The maturation of B cells leads to the synthesis of highly evolved immunoglobulins (Igs) that enable efficient antigen‐antibody recognition. Here we discuss a non‐opportunistic, combinatorial concept of “maturation” of Igs in silico for the production of artificially‐evolved immunocatalysts. Several recent breakthroughs including: (i) single B cell selection using microfluidic technology (ii) combinatorial approaches powered by library screening (iii) structural computing and machine learning, (iv) quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) evaluations of catalytic reaction leading to optimistic prospect for the elaboration of more effective immunoglobulin‐derived catalytic templates and redirection the selection process to a purely robotic procedure. The synergy of these approaches enable catalytic antibody become a great prospect for biomedical purposes. The most recent breakthroughs include therapeutic antibodies and catalytic Chimeric Antigen Receptors (catCARs) with controllable pharmacokinetic parameters.
Examining reuse and replacement procedures for Ipas manual vacuum aspiration and cannulae in nine countries
Authors: Eckersberger Elisabeth , Dijkerman Sally , Perkins Megan , Overholt True , Asport Susana , Aziz Hina , Barata Ivania , Gulati Sumit , Chekol Bekalu Mossie , Mulase Leonard , Mulunda Jean‐Claude , Oginni Ayodeji , Smith Marian , Powell Bill , Kapp Nathalie
Published: June 2023

Objective

To determine how many times Ipas manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) instruments are reused, for what reasons, when the instruments are replaced and/or discarded, and what the barriers are to replacing them.

Methods

We conducted a mixed‐methods cross‐sectional study of health care providers who provide MVA services and key stakeholders in the supply chain to understand reuse and replacement of Ipas MVA aspirators and cannulae. Qualitative interviews focused on procurement and replacement of Ipas MVA instruments.

Results

The authors interviewed 352 health care providers from nine countries from 2019 to 2021. Providers reported reusing MVA instruments an average of 34.4 times (standard deviation, 45). The reuse averages ranged from one time (Democratic Republic of the Congo) to 500 times (India), with figures varying between providers within the same country. Instrument malfunctioning rather than a specific number of uses drove reuse and subsequent replacement. The decision to replace was most commonly made by the provider during use. Half of the providers said that they knew of no issues with the supply chain, and 85% said they were always able to replace Ipas MVA instruments when needed.

Conclusion

Tracking reuse of MVA instruments was uncommon at participating providers' health facilities. Providers' estimates revealed great variability in reuse frequency and tracking procedures.
Mental health complaints among healthcare workers engaged in the care of COVID‐19 patients: A prospective cohort study from Japan
Authors: Namikawa Hiroki , Tochino Yoshihiro , Okada Akiko , Ota Keiko , Okada Yasuyo , Yamada Koichi , Watanabe Tetsuya , Mizobata Yasumitsu , Kakeya Hiroshi , Kuwatsuru Yumiko , Shibata Toshihiko , Shuto Taichi
Published: June 2023

Background

Healthcare workers (HCWs) caring for patients with coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) can experience physical and mental health burdens. It is imperative that hospitals reduce such burdens on frontline HCWs, protect them, and support their healthcare. This study aimed to investigate the association between occupation and the manifestation of physical or psychological symptoms among HCWs during the current COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

A twice‐weekly survey using questionnaires targeting HCWs who care for COVID‐19 patients was performed at Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital (tertiary hospital). The demographic characteristics of the participants, exposure level, and physical and psychological complaints were evaluated.

Results

Seventy‐one HCWs participated in this study, of whom 27 (38.0%) were doctors, 25 (35.2%) were nurses, and 19 (26.8%) were technicians. Among the HCWs, the proportions of those who experienced any physical or psychological symptoms were 28.2% and 31.0%, respectively. The frequency of depression and anxiety was obviously higher among the nurses than that among the doctors (both p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that being a nurse (odds ratio 4.90; p = 0.04) and having physical complaints (odds ratio 4.66; p = 0.02) might be independent predictors of the manifestation of psychological symptoms.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that the follow‐up of HCWs experiencing physical symptoms, especially nurses engaged in the care of COVID‐19 patients, may require more careful management to improve the psychological outcomes. We believe that this study is the first step toward establishing a psychological health management strategy for HCWs caring for COVID‐19 patients.
[BCMIM][Cl] ionic liquid catalyzed diastereoselective synthesis of β‐amino ketones via facile, one‐pot, multicomponent Mannich reaction under solvent‐free condition
Authors: Mohurle Shital , C Vishnu Devi , Pasuparthy Sai Deepak , Talamarla Deepthi , Kali Venkatesan , Maiti Barnali
Published: June 2023

In this work, by utilizing 6 mol% of 1,3‐bis(carboxymethyl)imidazolium chloride [BCMIM][Cl] ionic liquid as a catalyst, a highly effective diastereoselective one‐pot multicomponent Mannich reaction has been established. The three components, namely, cyclohexanone, substituted aromatic aldehydes, and substituted aromatic amines, underwent the Mannich reaction efficiently under the solvent‐free condition at room temperature in the presence of 6 mol% [BCMIM][Cl] catalyst to afford the desired β‐amino ketones. Excellent diastereoselectivity, rapid reaction times, high yields, and no purification by column chromatography are the key characteristics of this process. All synthesized derivatives were thoroughly characterized and confirmed using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectral methods. Moreover, the catalytic activity of the [BCMIM][Cl] ionic liquid catalyst was maintained after being reprocessed and used three times.
SARS‐CoV‐2 intrahost evolution in immunocompromised patients in comparison with immunocompetent populations after treatment
Authors: Ahmadi Akram Sadat , Zadheidar Sevrin , Sadeghi Kaveh , Nejati Ahmad , Salimi Vahid , Hajiabdolbaghi Mahboobeh , Mokhtari‐Azad Talat , Yavarian Jila
Published: June 2023

Many evidence suggests that long‐lasting infection can develop with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). This occurrence has been widely described in immunocompromised individuals. In these patients, ineffective clearance of virus infection provides an opportunity for developing immune escape mutants. This study aimed to characterize SARS‐CoV‐2 intrahost evolution in five immunocompromised in comparison with five immunocompetent COVID‐19 patients during treatment. We performed next‐generation sequencing (NGS) on collected two oropharyngeal samples from immunocompromised and immunocompetent COVID‐19 patients before and after treatment. In this study, we detected alpha and delta variants of SARS‐CoV‐2. The most common substitutions in structural proteins in patients with alpha variant were S‐ΔY143‐144, A570D, D614G and D1118H, and N‐R203K and G204R, and in delta variant S‐T19R, G142D, E156G, 157‐158del, L452R, T478K, D614G, D950N and N‐D63G, R203M and D377Y were dominant. The common variations in nonstructural and accessory proteins including nsp3‐A488S, P1228L, nsp6‐T77A, nsp12‐P323L, G671S, nsp13‐P77L, NS3‐S26L, and NS7a‐T120I were detected. Also some infrequent substitutions were seen in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. After treatment, nsp12‐V166A was emerged as a remdesivir resistance and S‐L452M in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency. S‐E484Q was detected in a patient with acute lymphoma leukemia. This study showed the possibility of the genetic diversity and development of some new mutations in immunocompromised patients. Therefore, surveillance of these patients to characterize any new variants is necessary.
Contextual factors influencing knowledge sharing and application in the care and support for people with intellectual disabilities during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kersten Marion , Frielink Noud , Weggeman Mathieu , Embregts Petri
Published: June 2023

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, support workers and health professionals caring for and supporting people with intellectual disabilities (ID) required new knowledge on, for example, treatment and infection prevention. ID care organizations had to quickly share up‐to‐date knowledge and encourage its application. This study explored the contextual factors influencing knowledge sharing and application in the care and support for people with ID, contrasted their relevance prior to and during the pandemic, and compared the relevance of these factors according to support workers and health professionals. In 2021, 160 Dutch professionals working with people with ID completed an online survey, with 69 being support workers and 91 being health professionals. For most of the participants, the contextual factors known to be relevant for knowledge sharing and application prior to the pandemic (e.g., the leadership of professionals, user‐friendliness of interventions) also helped them to process knowledge during the pandemic. These factors were rated equally or as being even more important (e.g., “Practice leadership of management” and “Office arrangements and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems”). Moreover, support workers and health professionals rated factors such as the available capacity of employees and office arrangements and ICT systems differently. The findings provide initial evidence that during a health crisis like the COVID‐19 pandemic, both the role and importance of contextual factors influencing knowledge sharing and application in the care and support for people with ID partially differ from prior to the pandemic.
Projection of landscape ecological risk and exploration of terrain effects in the Qilian Mountains, China
Authors: Liang Lushuang , Sun Yunfan , Guan Qingyu , Pan Ninghui , Du Qinqin , Mi Jimin , Shan Yuxin
Published: June 2023

The development of a reasonable landscape ecological risk (LER) assessment system is the key means to establish an eco‐safety early warning mechanism, promote ecological protection, and achieve sustainable management of regional ecosystems. Based on the Cellular Automaton‐Markov (CA‐Markov) model, we predicted the land use/cover changes (LUCC) in 2026 and 2034 in the typical arid and semiarid mountainous area of the Qilian Mountains. We constructed an LER model to analyze the spatial–temporal changes in LER, quantified the driving mechanism, and synthesized the constraining effect of terrain features. The results showed that the study area was dominated by ecologically stable areas in 1980–2000 and 2010–2018. Ecologically improved and deteriorated areas in the central and northwest expanded in 2000–2010 and 2018–2036, which was attributed to ecological restoration policies (returning farmland to forest and grassland, closing mountains to forest and grassland, etc.) and economic development (livestock and mineral development, etc.). Due to the frequent interference of human activities in flat and complex terrain areas, the degree of landscape fragmentation, separation, and vulnerability is enhanced, and the ecological conditions of bare land and snow cover are relatively fragile, resulting in high ecological risk. Therefore, we could focus on zoning management and rational land use planning. This study provides a new framework for controlling LER in the Qilian Mountains, and will provide a scientific reference for the formulation of risk mitigation strategies in other arid and semiarid mountains worldwide.
Hausdorff operators on compact abelian groups
Authors: Mirotin A. R.
Published: June 2023

Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the boundedness of Hausdorff operators on the generalized Hardy spaces , real Hardy space , , and for compact Abelian group G. Surprisingly, these conditions turned out to be the same for all groups and spaces under consideration. Applications to Dirichlet series are given. The case of the space of continuous functions on G and examples are also considered.
Generalized Sν$S^\nu$ spaces
Authors: Kleyntssens Thomas , Nicolay Samuel
Published: June 2023

In this work, we introduce a generalization of the spaces underlying a multifractal formalism for non‐concave spectra. We prove among other things that the essential topological properties of the spaces can be transposed in this context; in particular, these new spaces are metric.