bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflexões sobre os pressupostos dialéticos dos direitos sociais
Authors: Amorim Rosendo Freitas de , Gomes Mylena Maria Silva Reginaldo Ferreira
Published: December 2020

O objetivo central deste artigo consiste em traçar um panorama acerca da atualidade do pensamento marxista e de sua pertinência na consolidação de muitos direitos sociais que ocorreram no decorrer dos dois últimos séculos. Com efeito, a contribuição do pensamento de Marx não diz respeito apenas a seara da Economia Política, mas também da Filosofia Política e da Sociologia. Cabe ainda enfatizarmos que o pensamento marxista não se manteve uniforme durante o seu desenvolvimento, tendo de início adotado uma concepção mais próxima da filosofia hegeliana e posteriormente rompido com esta forma de interpretação a partir do materialismo histórico e dialético. Por isso, é fundamental iniciar-se uma análise de Marx a partir de seus escritos juvenis, quando aborda a questão da alienação e posteriormente da contribuição que teve o Manifesto do Partido Comunista na difusão de seu pensamento. Posteriormente, o trabalho passa a analisar a contribuição do pensamento marxista dentro da política de efetivação dos direitos sociais, como suas ideias foram relevantes para que pós 1917 uma série de direitos sociais fossem previstos constitucionalmente. Por fim, aborda-se a atualidade do pensamento marxista e em que contexto deve ser repensado.
Direitos humanos ontem e hoje: características e reminiscências da tradição clássica na dogmática moderna
Authors: Pêcego Daniel Nunes , Amâncio Guilherme Cundari de Oliveira
Published: December 2020

A Declaração dos Direitos do Homem e do Cidadão de 1789 e a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos de 1948 representam dois dos mais importantes documentos sobre direitos humanos da história e, no entanto, encarnam espíritos diferentes: a primeira, nascida em seio liberal e individualista, e a segunda, fruto do ânimo de reconciliação após graves crises internacionais. No presente artigo, procurou-se estudar o quanto há de resgate da tradição filosófica clássica no documento mais recente, e o que isso representa na análise da dogmática jurídica moderna. Em conclusão, encontrou-se que de fato a Declaração Universal reconcilia as visões de direito com aquelas trazidas pelos jurisconsultos romanos, e que esta visão, no que toca os direitos humanos, está intimamente ligada às de lei natural e justo/direito natural.
Diagnóstico da irrigação na agricultura familiar de Imperatriz-MA
Authors: Santana Jhonata Santos , Costa Rafael Ferreira , Da Silva Wilson Araújo
Published: December 2020

Na agricultura existe uma grande demanda por água, pois não há produção agrícola sem este recurso e devido à sua necessidade para a produção ocorre muitas vezes o uso de forma irracional, superdimensionando as lâminas aplicadas nos cultivos agrícolas, o que acaba tornando esse recurso cada vez mais escasso. Nesse contexto, é imprescindível que o manejo da irrigação seja feito de forma correta através de práticas sustentáveis que garantam a alta produtividade sem que haja o desperdício. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os principais aspectos relacionados ao uso da água de irrigação por agricultores familiares do projeto Cinturão Verde em Imperatriz- MA e informa-los sobre a importância do seu uso consciente. Para isso foi elaborado um diagnóstico rápido participativo (DRP), com o objetivo de caracterizar o uso da água pelos agricultores. Os resultados do DRP evidenciaram a necessidade dos agricultores que fazem parte do projeto em conhecer a quantidade e o momento correto de aplicar água em suas culturas, pois observou-se que estão irrigando suas culturas de forma não sustentável e, com o objetivo de auxilia-los, determinou-se, para todos os meses do ano a demanda hídrica das principais culturas de interesse econômico do projeto Cinturão Verde, fornecendo dados importantes para auxiliar técnicos e produtores no manejo da irrigação dessas culturas.
Concepções de saúde na formação inicial em educação física: uma perspectiva discente
Authors: Melo Itamarcia Oliveira de , Ferreira Heraldo Simões , Palácio Diogo Queiroz Allen , Veras Karlla Conceição Bezerra Brito , Nascimento Kessiane Fernandes , Soares Stela Lopes
Published: December 2020

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é identificar o conceito de saúde, a partir do olhar dos discentes do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física de uma instituição de ensino superior pública. Partindo de um estudo de natureza descritiva com abordagem predominantemente qualitativa, a amostra compreendeu um total de 19 sujeitos com idades entre 23 e 48 anos, sendo 14 homens e 5 mulheres. Os participantes responderam um questionário misto composto por cinco (5) questões. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que os aspectos bio/fisiológicos são características essenciais para que uma pessoa seja considerada saudável. Os participantes evidenciaram que durante a sua formação acadêmica tiveram acesso a diversos espaços e recursos educativos de como abordar a saúde na Educação Física Escolar. Para além dos ensinamentos adquiridos no em sala de aula participaram de eventos científicos, realizaram leituras de livros e/ou artigos e pesquisas em sites disponíveis na internet. No tocante a Educação Física na escola, a mesma emerge como uma forma de contribuir efetivamente para a saúde dos acadêmicos. Portanto, faz-se necessário compreender a Educação Física enquanto uma disciplina capaz de educar para a saúde no ambiente escolar, além de sensibilizar os docentes para o ensino e prática da saúde em uma perspectiva ampla, abrangente e interdisciplinar.
Pantanal, tudo fica bem quando o fogo se apaga?
Authors: Chaves Thais Pereira , Souza Sabrina Monteiro , Freitas Antônio Carlos de
Published: December 2020

A questão das queimadas nos Biomas brasileiros é recorrente, entanto, no Pantanal, uma queimada nessa proporção é inédita. As consequências são proporcionais a extensão das áreas queimadas, o que acarreta prejuízos para o Bioma e consequentemente, para a sua biodiversidade. Após o fim das queimadas, com o trabalho intenso dos brigadistas e voluntários e também, com a chegada das chuvas, o prejuízo não cessa. O solo perdeu boa parte da sua flora nativa; os animais que tinham mais mobilidade fugiram da área, outros não tiveram a mesma sorte e morreram queimados. Os que sobreviveram, sofrerão com a falta de alimento e abrigo. O equilíbrio ecológico foi afetado de forma significativa e a sua recuperação levará tempo. As cinzas depositadas no solo serão carreadas para a atmosfera e para os rios e lagos, alterando as suas características físicas e químicas e, mesmo aqueles animais que vivem na água, sofrerão as consequências indiretas das queimadas. Apesar da sua resiliência, será necessário o acompanhamento da recuperação do Bioma Pantanal. Este trabalho trás uma reflexão das possíveis consequências dessa queimada e também, dos desafios que serão enfrentados pelas espécies nativas deste bioma.
Cultura e currículo Mura: enlace articulador na implementação da escola indígena de São Félix-Autazes/AM
Authors: Neto Jaspe Valle
Published: December 2020

A abordagem sobre Educação Escolar Mura não pode ser realizada sem antes relacioná-la à concepção e compreensão do conceito de cultura, requerendo essa explicação como prioridade aos processos do planejamento pedagógico e à organização e elaboração da proposta curricular da escola indígena. O objetivo principal do texto foi analisar de que modo o currículo produzido na escola Municipal Indígena Dr. Jacobina, localizada na aldeia São Félix-Autazes/AM se articula com os elementos da cultura do povo Mura. Metodologicamente o texto fundamenta-se na pesquisa qualitativa e procurou seguir as orientações previstas no método hermenêutico-dialético. Os resultados apontam que o currículo que orienta as práticas pedagógicas nesta escola fortalece a identidade e cultura desse povo, pois articula formas de viver/conviver e concebe a escola indígena como palco que viabiliza o trabalho educacional relacionando aldeia/povo/cultura/vida.
Pistas para um método dramático de pedagogia do cinema
Authors: De Brito Alves Álvaro Renan José
Published: December 2020

Inspirado na proposta de um método dramático da educação, de Corazza (2017), acreditamos ser possível acioná-lo a fim de compreender as potências de formação e transformação das subjetividades na educação a partir de algumas pistas: a potência agenciadora de alteridades e diferenças do cinema; a condição criativa do espectador; a experimentação dos dispositivos e das ferramentas de cinema no sentido de criação de um mundo comum (o caráter cosmopoético e cosmotecnológico do cinema); uma pedagogia do cinema fundada nos fragmentos e motivos visuais; por fim, o potencial de produção de experiências desarticuladoras das formas tradicionais da educação, bem como da formação de subjetividades. O texto tem caráter ensaístico e fragmentário, sugerindo hipóteses e (des)caminhos possíveis para o uso do cinema nos espaços educativos.
Aula-experimentação com dança: demanda de um currículo-dançante
Authors: Char Carla Melo , Paraíso Marlucy Alves
Published: December 2020

O artigo trata da criação de uma aula-experimentação com dança, para explorar os movimentos de um currículo-dançante que demandou uma conexão entre currículo, dança e desejo. A pesquisa que subsidia este artigo realizou experimentações com dança em um currículo de uma escola pública da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, fazendo interrupções em disciplinas em curso ou usando as brechas, os intervalos entre aulas e as oportunidades de preparação para eventos da escola. As experimentações foram feitas com quatro turmas do 8º ano e seis turmas do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Argumenta que um currículo-dançante demandou a criação de uma aula-experimentação com dança que, por sua, vez, desencadeou devires, tornando possível uma aula desejante em um currículo. Conclui-se que uma aula-experimentação entra em uma dança com o imprevisível e possibilita um aprender com corpos-dançantes.
Arqueo-montagem da aula
Authors: MATOS Sônia Regina da Luz , Schuler Betina
Published: December 2020

Neste artigo ensaiado, opta-se por operar com uma arque-montagem, como que perguntando pelo arquivo tratando-se da aula no presente. A partir disso, buscamos alguns funcionamentos da aula neste contemporâneo de ataque a escolas e professores, de super aceleração e utilitarismo pragmático e, ainda, atravessado pela pandemia do novo coronavírus. Com esses sintomas, artistamos algumas possibilidades de aula, tais como a aula tela-janela e a aula do Ministério dos andares bobos, como que fazendo uma montagem entre a educação, o cinema, a fotografia e a filosofia para criarmos outras composições possíveis da aula no presente.
Vestígios de aula: poética didática e transcriação curricular
Authors: Krause de Campos Maria Idalina
Published: December 2020

Este artigo defende a transcriação curricular como um movimento de pensamento gerativo ao afirmar uma poética didática, que envolve Corpo-Espírito-Mundo. Mostra que a Aula é uma atividade estética, política e filosófica, cujos vestígios de leitura e escrita (escrileitura) promovem a reinvenção empírica de arquivos, que passam a ser traduzidos, atualizados e transcriados, tornando-se uma potência de criação no campo da educação. Conclui que os procedimentos tradutórios postos a funcionar no espaço-aula - através do Método Espiritográfico -, possibilitam a efetivação de um sonho didático e de uma poesia curricular, para criar uma escrita aventureira que transforma o conhecimento em invenção, tecendo novas costuras poéticas que ornam de diferenças as práticas docentes
Planejamento docente como produção de possíveis
Authors: Faria Izaque Moura de , Rodrigues Gomes Larissa Ferreira
Published: December 2020

O artigo é fragmento de uma pesquisa concluída e debate a potência do planejamento docente como produtor de possíveis na tessitura curricular e constituição da docência. Destaca a ação docente de ensaiar, de preparar-se para a aula como modo de re-existir através da/na docência, rompendo com perspectivas eficienticistas, burocráticas e individualizadas de idealização da aula e do currículo. Trata de uma pesquisa-intervenção cartográfica (PASSOS; BARROS, 2015) produzida-efetuada no cotidiano de uma Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental de Serra/ES, em 2019. Dialoga com os conceitos de agenciamento coletivo de enunciação (DELEUZE; GUATTARI, 1995b) e redes de conversações (CARVALHO, 2009) afirmando o planejamento docente como composição de heterogeneidades expressivas que perpassam a docência enquanto relação de aprenderensinar. Ressalta a produção de possíveis através do planejamento docente como meio de expandir currículos e docências para além do estabelecido.
Monodocência em Angola: entre tensões e controvérsias no ensino primário
Authors: Alfredo Francisco Caloia
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a atual monodocência no ensino primário, implementada na última reforma educativa em Angola, em 2004. Trata-se de um regime unificado de seis anos para o ensino primário, onde apenas um professor leciona a todas as disciplinas curriculares da 1.ª à 6.ª classe. Numa abordagem qualitativa, essencialmente descritiva, analisa-se este regime da monodocência nas duas Leis de Bases, nos documentos oficiais, em articulação com as falas dos professores do ensino primário. A legislação expressa orientações e estabelece um conjunto de competências das que se esperam desenvolvidas nos alunos do ensino primário, tal como os documentos, que terminam contrariados com os argumentos dos professores no terreno. Quando analisados estes elementos, percebe-se que a monodocência de seis anos vem gerando controvérsias e bastante contestada entre os atores da educação porque não apresenta resultados evidentes, por falta de preparação dos professores e de condições adequadas de trabalho para atividade docente.Palavras-chave: monodocência; ensino primário; formação, reforma educativa.
Challenges in remote versus clinical pain diagnoses for an orthodontic patient during the 2020 COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Pai Sandeep , Turner PJ , Green David
Published: December 2020

Challenges arose in ascertaining accurate diagnoses for patients via remote phone triage during the COVID-19 crisis in 2020. We report on a case that highlights possible pitfalls in remote consultation versus chairside contact in making clinical diagnoses and illustrates a complication that may arise in orthodontic patients who have not been seen for an extended period of time.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case illustrates an extreme example of a complication of fixed appliance orthodontic treatment and the difficulties and challenges of remote telephone consultations.
Resorption of maxillary first permanent molars by impacted maxillary second premolars: A case series
Authors: Heliotis Isabelle , Gakhal Manpreet , Whatling Rosemary
Published: December 2020

Although rare, resorption of the first permanent molar caused by impaction of the second premolar does occur. Three paediatric patients with impacted upper second premolars, distinct symptoms and signs of resorption are described. One case with clear resorption of the upper molar on initial presentation was managed immediately with extraction of the first permanent molar. Eruption of the impacted premolars was monitored in the other two cases, but symptom changes and sectional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) highlighted resorption of the first permanent molars. In both cases the resorbed first permanent molars required extraction. Frequent clinical and radiographic assessment is imperative in such cases, along with consideration for the use of CBCT.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Many dental health professionals are unaware that resorption of maxillary molars induced by impacted premolars is possible, thus, this phenomenon is not monitored, resulting in misdiagnosis and avoidable patient morbidity.
Therapeutic index for local infections score (TILI): a new diagnostic tool
Authors: Dissemond Joachim , Gerber Veronika , Lobmann Ralf , Kramer Axel , Mastronicola Diego , Senneville Eric , Moisan Cécile , Edwards-Jones Valerie , Mahoney Kirsty , Junka Adam , Bartoszewicz Marzenna , Verdú-Soriano José , Strohal Robert
Published: December 2020

Objective:

Local wound infections are a major challenge for patients and health professionals. Various diagnostic and therapeutic options are available. However, a generally accepted standard is still lacking in Europe. The aim was to develop an easy-to-use clinical score for the early detection of local wound infections, as a basis for decision-making on antiseptic therapy or decolonisation.

Method:

An interdisciplinary and interprofessional panel of experts from seven European countries was brought together to discuss the various aspects of diagnosing local wound infections.

Results:

The result was the adoption of the Therapeutic Index for Local Infections (TILI) score, developed in Germany by Initiative Chronische Wunden e.V., specifically for health professionals not specialised in wound care. Available in six European languages, the TILI score could also be adapted for different European countries, depending on their specific national healthcare requirements. The six clinical criteria for local wound infection are erythema to surrounding skin; heat; oedema, induration or swelling; spontaneous pain or pressure pain; stalled wound healing; and increase and/or change in colour or smell of exudate. Meeting all criteria indicates that antiseptic wound therapy could be started. Regardless of these unspecific clinical signs, there are also health conditions for the clinical situation which are a direct indication for antimicrobial wound therapy. These include the presence of wound pathogens, such as meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, septic surgical wound or the presence of free pus.

Conclusion:

The development of the new internationally adapted TILI score, which could also be used by any caregiver in daily practice to diagnose local infections in acute and hard-to-heal wounds, is the result of expert consensus. However, the score system has to be validated through a clinical evaluation. This is to be performed in expert centres throughout Europe.
Skin integrity—the perpetual challenge
Authors: Bradley Peter
Published: December 2020

In an Essity-sponsored symposium, entitled ‘Skin integrity—the perpetual challenge’, three key opinion leaders discussed the importance of recognising and managing skin vulnerability in a patient-centred way. Peter Bradley summarises the main points they presented at the EWMA 2020 Virtual Conference

This article offers an introduction to the symposium, Skin integrity—the perpetual challenge, held on 18 November 2020, as part of the EWMA 2020 Virtual Conference. There were three speakers. Dimitri Beeckman, Professor of Skin Integrity and Clinical Nursing, Ghent University, Belgium, focused on moisture lesions or MASD (moisture-associated skin damage). Karen Campbell, Consultant, Primacare Living Solutions and Adjunct Professor, MClScWH, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, focused on the concepts related to skin vulnerability. She aimed to identify shared risk factors for skin conditions and ways to promote skin integrity, formulating a synergistic prevention approach to break down barriers in practice. The third speaker was Alessandro Corsi, Wound Care Consultant and Surgeon, Director of Wound Care Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan. He looked in detail at the dressings available in this area, detailing how he and his team had successfully used the Essity line of Skin Sensitive silicone dressings in their hospital.
Treating hard-to-heal ulcers: biocellulose with nanosilver compared with silver sulfadiazine
Authors: Chansanti Orawan , Mongkornwong Atthawit
Published: December 2020

Objective:

Controlling infection and promoting healing should be the aims of hard-to-heal diabetic ulcer treatment, along with improving a patient's general condition and their blood sugar control. Many hard-to-heal diabetic ulcers present with cavities, tracks or a combination of these. There is a new biocellulose (with a nanosilver dressing) which has the ability to contour around and conform to the irregular surface of a wound bed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate its efficacy compared with a silver sulfadiazine cream, for hard-to-heal diabetic ulcer treatment.

Methods:

In this randomised control trial, patients with hard-to-heal diabetic ulcers were divided into two equal-sized groups: treatment with the biocellulose with blue nanosilver (experimental group), and treatment with silver sulfadiazine cream group (control group). Cotton gauze was used as the secondary dressing for both groups. Demographic data, wound size, wound classification, wound photography and bacterial cultures were recorded at the beginning of the study. Wounds were debrided as necessary. Dressings were changed twice daily in the control group, and every three days in the experimental group.

Results:

A total of 20 patients took part in the study (10 patients in each group). The highest mean wound healing rates were 91.4% in the experimental group and 83.9% in the control group. No wound infections or adverse effects from the dressings were detected in either group.

Conclusion:

In this study, biocellulose with blue nanosilver adapted well to the wound bed. Wound reduction was greater in the experimental group than the control group. Biocellulose with blue nanosilver could therefore be a good choice for hard-to-heal diabetic ulcer treatment, due to its good healing rates and minimal care requirements.
A Review of Landscape Water Requirements Using a Multicomponent Landscape Coefficient
Authors: Allen Richard G. , Dukes Michael D. , Snyder Richard L. , Kjelgren Roger , Kilic Ayse
Published: December 2020

Highlights

A multi-component decoupling method for the landscape coefficient is described that provides a thorough means to estimate the water requirements of landscapes.

The decoupling method considers differences in vegetation type, density, local climate, and soil water management.

Methods for incorporating managed stress and frequency of irrigation are described.

Winter or dormant season ET is described.

The procedure in ASABE Standard S623 is a simpler form of the multi-component procedure and is complementary.

Abstract. Water requirements of landscapes are highly variable due to the heterogeneous natures of landscapes, vegetation types, influence of buildings, and nutrient and water management. Objectives for water management of landscapes are for general appearance and health rather than for maximum biomass production. A multi-component method developed for the Irrigation Association (IA) and extended from the California WUCOLS procedure is demonstrated in which the landscape coefficient (KL, equivalent to a crop coefficient) is broken down into four components: vegetation type, vegetation density, microclimate, and managed stress. Each of these components can be estimated using readily made descriptions of a landscaped area and management objectives. One form of the KL equation is used to determine target KL that incorporates a target amount of soil water stress to support water conservation and to support water planning studies. A second form of the KL equation can be used to estimate the actual KL occurring under actual water management. The second form is used in studies of water balances and actual water conservation. The general decoupled equation is further expanded to optionally incorporate impacts of evaporation from exposed soil to assess impacts of irrigation frequency on total water consumption. The mathematics for the approach can be incorporated into software applications and smart irrigation controllers to produce improved water consumption estimates for landscape water requirements for use in irrigation scheduling, water requirement planning, and water depletion studies. The simplified procedure for estimating landscape water requirements in ASABE Standard S623 that is complementary to the IA procedure is discussed and compared. Both methods use a vegetation type and density system as the basis for efficiently estimating scientifically accurate landscape water requirements. Keywords: . Evapotranspiration, Irrigation requirements, Landscape coefficients, Landscape water requirements, Managed Stress, Microclimates, NAIP areal imagery.
STRESS-COPING STYLES AND SATISFACTION WITH LIFE OF MILITARY AVIATION PERSONNEL DIFFERING IN BODY MASS INDEX
Authors:   Department of Psychophysiological Measurements and Human Factor Research, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Baran Paulina , Jagielski Paweł ,   Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Faculty of Health Science, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Gaździńska Agata ,   Laboratory of Dietetics and Obesity Treatment, Department of Psychophysiological Measurements and Human Factor Research, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Soldiers, due to the specific nature of their service, are one of the occupational groups particularly exposed to stress. The aim of this study was to assess the stress-coping styles and satisfaction with life in a group of military aviation personnel, differentiated in terms of the BMI (Body Mass Index). Methods: The research compared three groups of military aviation personnel, distinguished on the basis of BMI, i.e. people with normal body weight (25 people), overweight people (24 people) and people suffering from obesity (20 people). The CISS (Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations) Questionnaire by Endler and Parker was used to assess the stress-coping styles. Satisfaction with life was measured using the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) by Diener et al. Results: The data analysis did not reveal any statistically significant differences in CISS and SWLS scores between groups differing in BMI (p>0.05). It was found that the style of coping with difficult situations that is most often manifested by the surveyed military aviation personnel is the task-oriented style (TOS). A comparable, high SWLS score was also revealed in all studied groups. Conclusions: The BMI turned out not to be a factor differentiating either the type of stress-coping styles or the level of satisfaction with life experienced by the military aviation personnel studied. It is likely that, due to the specificity of soldiers' work, the TOS may be a beneficial and adaptive style of dealing with stressful situations. The high level of general satisfaction with life found in the surveyed members of the military aviation personnel provides a reason to conduct further research aimed at identifying the factors determining this variable.
Respiratory papillomatosis with small cell carcinoma: case report and brief review
Authors:   Department of Respiratory Medicine,  National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases,  New Delhi 110030, India, Sharma Priya , Jha Anish , Janapati Bharath , Jain Anil
Published: December 2020

Respiratory Papillomatosis is a rare disease in which multiple exophytic squamous wart-like lesions occur within the respiratory tract. Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP) has the potential for malignant transformation to squamous lung cell carcinoma with a dismal prognosis. Most of the prior literature has shown malignant transformation of respiratory papillomatosis into squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we report a rare presentation of respiratory papillomatosis coexisting with small cell carcinoma and a review of relevant literature.
The End of Modernism: Elias Canetti's "Auto-da-Fé"
Authors: Collins Donahue William
Published: December 2020

Nobel laureate Elias Canetti wrote his novel Auto-da-Fé (Die Blendung) when he and the twentieth century were still quite young. Rooted in the cultural crises of the Weimar period, Auto-da-Fé first received critical acclaim abroad—in England, France, and the United States—where it continues to fascinate readers of subsequent generations. The End of Modernism places this work in its cultural and philosophical contexts, situating the novel not only in relation to Canetti's considerable body of social thought, but also within larger debates on Freud and Freudianism, misogyny and modernism's "fragmented subject" anti-Semitism and the failure of humanism, contemporary philosophy and philosophical fads, and traditionalist notions of literature and escapist conceptions of history. The End of Modernism portrays Auto-da-Fé as an exemplum of "analytic modernism," and in this sense a crucial endpoint in the progression of postwar conceptions of literary modernism.
Dynamical phase transition of photon condensate in an optical
cavity
Authors: Neeraj  , Parit Mithilesh K. , Vyas Vivek M. , Panigrahi Prasanta K.
Published: December 2020

We demonstrate the existence of a dynamical phase transition in the quasi-one-dimensional photonic condensate system formed in an axially symmetric optical cavity filled with a suitable thermalizing medium. The dynamical transition is observed to occur between the periodically modulated superfluid phase and the superfluid droplets phase. The parameter domains and conditions leading to such a dynamical phase transition are identified. It is observed that such a transition in the system owes its origin to the collective photon dynamics rather than thermal or quantum effects.
Feedbackpraktiken im Schreibcoaching: Texte besprechen in der Hochschullehre
Authors: Schwarze Cordula
Published: December 2020

Im Mittelpunkt des Artikels stehen Feedback und Textfeedback als spezielle Interventionsformen innerhalb des Coachings von Schreib(lern)prozessen im spezifischen Setting der disziplinär-germanistischen, professionsorientierten universitären Lehre. Kompetenzorientierte schreibdidaktische Lehre und Coaching weisen Schnittmengen auf, die sich an der Orientierung am schreibenden Individuum, an individuellen Beratungsbedarfen sowie am Problembezug zeigen. Das wird im Artikel methodisch in interaktionsanalytisch-linguistischer Perspektive bearbeitet und anhand von videographierten Seminarinteraktionen wird aufgezeigt, wie diese Feedbackprozesse gestaltet sind. Dabei werden wiederkehrende diskursive Feedbackpraktiken und ihre sprachliche Realisierung herausgearbeitet, insbesondere Situationseröffnungen sowie Fragen des Umgangs mit Autorschaft. Die empirische Basis sind videographierte Gespräche im Seminar, bezeichnet als Auswertungsgespräche, die sich durch eine systematische Anwendung von Textfeedback auszeichnen. Die Resultate der Analysen zeigen, dass sich anhand der Handlungstypik in der Interaktion ein neuer Gesprächstyp zwischen Coaching und Lehre entwickelt. Das ermöglicht, praktische Implikationen für beide Settings aufzuzeigen, die für beide Seiten produktiv gemacht werden können.
Integrating comprehensive functional annotations to boost power and accuracy in gene-based association analysis
Authors: Quick Corbin , Wen Xiaoquan , Abecasis Gonçalo , Boehnke Michael , Kang Hyun Min
Published: December 2020

Gene-based association tests aggregate genotypes across multiple variants for each gene, providing an interpretable gene-level analysis framework for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Early gene-based test applications often focused on rare coding variants; a more recent wave of gene-based methods, e.g. TWAS, use eQTLs to interrogate regulatory associations. Regulatory variants are expected to be particularly valuable for gene-based analysis, since most GWAS associations to date are non-coding. However, identifying causal genes from regulatory associations remains challenging and contentious. Here, we present a statistical framework and computational tool to integrate heterogeneous annotations with GWAS summary statistics for gene-based analysis, applied with comprehensive coding and tissue-specific regulatory annotations. We compare power and accuracy identifying causal genes across single-annotation, omnibus, and annotation-agnostic gene-based tests in simulation studies and an analysis of 128 traits from the UK Biobank, and find that incorporating heterogeneous annotations in gene-based association analysis increases power and performance identifying causal genes.
Transcriptome analysis of sevoflurane exposure effects at the different brain regions
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroto , Uchida Yutaro , Chiba Tomoki , Kurimoto Ryota , Matsushima Takahide , Inotsume Maiko , Ishikawa Chihiro , Li Haiyan , Shiga Takashi , Muratani Masafumi , Uchida Tokujiro , Asahara Hiroshi
Published: December 2020

Backgrounds

Sevoflurane is a most frequently used volatile anesthetics, but its molecular mechanisms of action remain unclear. We hypothesized that specific genes play regulatory roles in brain exposed to sevoflurane. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of sevoflurane inhalation and identify potential regulatory genes by RNA-seq analysis.

Methods

Eight-week old mice were exposed to sevoflurane. RNA from medial prefrontal cortex, striatum, hypothalamus, and hippocampus were analysed using RNA-seq. Differently expressed genes were extracted and their gene ontology terms were analysed using Metascape. These our anesthetized mouse data and the transcriptome array data of the cerebral cortex of sleeping mice were compared. Finally, the activities of transcription factors were evaluated using a weighted parametric gene set analysis (wPGSA). JASPAR was used to confirm the existence of binding motifs in the upstream sequences of the differently expressed genes.

Results

The gene ontology term enrichment analysis result suggests that sevoflurane inhalation upregulated angiogenesis and downregulated neural differentiation in each region of brain. The comparison with the brains of sleeping mice showed that the gene expression changes were specific to anesthetized mice. Focusing on individual genes, sevoflurane induced Klf4 upregulation in all sampled parts of brain. wPGSA supported the function of KLF4 as a transcription factor, and KLF4-binding motifs were present in many regulatory regions of the differentially expressed genes.

Conclusions

Klf4 was upregulated by sevoflurane inhalation in the mouse brain. The roles of KLF4 might be key to elucidating the mechanisms of sevoflurane induced functional modification in the brain.
The effect of two-round presidential elections on human rights
Authors: Holzer Joshua
Published: December 2020

Recent research suggests that democratic presidential elections held using a runoff rule produce presidents that are more likely to protect human rights, in comparison to those elected under plurality rule; with this follow-up article, I seek to highlight the importance of advancing to a runoff round for those elections held using a runoff rule. I find that for presidential democracies that already have a runoff rule in place, country-years where the president has been elected after a runoff round are more likely to be associated with high government respect for human rights, in comparison to country-years where the president has been elected after only one round (that could have advanced to a runoff round, but did not). This article provides decision-makers with more information regarding the human rights consequences of runoff rounds, so that the costs and benefits of adopting (or retaining) variations of a runoff rule can be better weighed.
Exogenous melatonin reduces the inhibitory effect of osmotic stress on antioxidant properties and cell ultrastructure at germination stage of soybean
Authors: Zhang Mingcong , He Songyu , Qin Bin , Jin Xijun , Wang Mengxue , Ren Chunyuan , Cao Liang , Zhang Yuxian
Published: December 2020

Understanding the relationship between exogenous melatonin and water deficit stress is crucial for alleviating the effects of water deficit stress at germination stage of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) in agriculture. This study investigated the effects of exogenous melatonin on soybean antioxidant properties and cell ultrastructure under water deficit stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. The drought-sensitive soybean variety Suinong 26 was used as the material to study the effects of different concentrations of melatonin (0, 300, 500 μmol·L-1) soaking soybean seeds under drought stress (PEG-6000: 3% and 6%). The results showed that the germination rate (GR), germination potential (GP), germination index (GI) and radicle shape of soybean were affected negatively to different degrees under PEG stress. Moreover, stress induced by different PEG concentrations overproduced the content of reactive oxygen species (H2O2, O2·−) in cells, leading to increased lipid membrane peroxidation as electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, which resulted in impaired cell integrity. However, after seeds soaking with melatonin, the lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane was reduced, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) further increased to minimize the excessive generation of ROS. Similar results were obtained for soluble protein and proline, that may help in regulating the osmotic pressure and maintain cellular integrity. With the interaction of these enzymes, compared with 300 μmol·L-1melatonin, 500 μmol·L-1melatonin could more effective to remove the ROS and reduce cell peroxidation. Overall, 500 μmol·L-1melatonin performed better than 300 μmol·L-1. In conclusion, the seed soaking with melatonin promoted the germination of soybean seeds under water stress.
Coagulation profile of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU: An exploratory study
Authors: Corrêa Thiago Domingos , Cordioli Ricardo Luiz , Campos Guerra João Carlos , Caldin da Silva Bruno , dos Reis Rodrigues Roseny , de Souza Guilherme Martins , Midega Thais Dias , Campos Niklas Söderberg , Carneiro Bárbara Vieira , Campos Flávia Nunes Dias , Guimarães Hélio Penna , de Matos Gustavo Faissol Janot , de Aranda Valdir Fernandes , Rolim Ferraz Leonardo José
Published: December 2020

Background

Coagulation abnormalities in COVID-19 patients have not been addressed in depth.

Objective

To perform a longitudinal evaluation of coagulation profile of patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19.

Methods

Conventional coagulation tests, rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), platelet function, fibrinolysis, antithrombin, protein C and S were measured at days 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14. Based on median total maximum SOFA score, patients were divided in two groups: SOFA ≤ 10 and SOFA > 10.

Results

Thirty patients were studied. Some conventional coagulation tests, as aPTT, PT and INR remained unchanged during the study period, while alterations on others coagulation laboratory tests were detected. Fibrinogen levels were increased in both groups. ROTEM maximum clot firmness increased in both groups from Day 0 to Day 14. Moreover, ROTEM–FIBTEM maximum clot firmness was high in both groups, with a slight decrease from day 0 to day 14 in group SOFA ≤ 10 and a slight increase during the same period in group SOFA > 10. Fibrinolysis was low and decreased over time in all groups, with the most pronounced decrease observed in INTEM maximum lysis in group SOFA > 10. Also, D-dimer plasma levels were higher than normal reference range in both groups and free protein S plasma levels were low in both groups at baseline and increased over time, Finally, patients in group SOFA > 10 had lower plasminogen levels and Protein C ​​than patients with SOFA <10, which may represent less fibrinolysis activity during a state of hypercoagulability.

Conclusion

COVID-19 patients have a pronounced hypercoagulability state, characterized by impaired endogenous anticoagulation and decreased fibrinolysis. The magnitude of coagulation abnormalities seems to correlate with the severity of organ dysfunction. The hypercoagulability state of COVID-19 patients was not only detected by ROTEM but it much more complex, where changes were observed on the fibrinolytic and endogenous anticoagulation system.
A stable implementation measure of multi-transmitting formula in the numerical simulation of wave motion
Authors: Su Jie , Zhou Zhenghua , Li Yuandong , Hao Bing , Dong Qing , Li Xiaojun
Published: December 2020

The Multi-Transmitting Formula (MTF) proposed by Liao et al. is a local artificial boundary condition widely used in numerical simulations of wave propagation in an infinite medium, while the drift instability is usually caused in its numerical implementation. In view of a physical interpretation of the Gustafsson, Kreiss and Sundström criterion on numerical solutions of initial-boundary value problems in the hyperbolic partial differential equations, the mechanism of the drift instability of MTF was discussed, and a simple measure for eliminating the drift instability was proposed by introducing a modified operator into the MTF. Based on the theory of spherical wave propagation and damping effect of medium, the physical implication on modified operator was interpreted. And the effect of the modified operator on the reflection coefficient of MTF was discussed. Finally, the validity of the proposed stable implementation measure was verified by numerical tests of wave source problem and scattering problem.
Microcystins and Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806 extracts modulate steroidogenesis differentially in the human H295R adrenal model
Authors: Mallia Vittoria , Verhaegen Steven , Styrishave Bjarne , Eriksen Gunnar Sundstøl , Johannsen Malene Louise , Ropstad Erik , Uhlig Silvio
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential interference of cyanobacterial metabolites, in particular microcystins (MCs), with steroid hormone biosynthesis. Steroid hormones control many fundamental processes in an organism, thus alteration of their tissue concentrations may affect normal homeostasis. We used liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to investigate the modulation of 14 hormones involved in the adrenal steroid biosynthesis pathway using forskolin-treated H295R cells, following exposure with either microcystin-LR (MC-LR) alone, a mixture made up of MC-LR together with eight other MCs and nodularin-R (NOD-R), or extracts from the MC-LR-producing Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806 strain or its MC-deficient mutant PCC7806mcyB−. Production of 17-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was increased in the presence of MC-LR in a dose-dependent manner, indicating an inhibitory effect on 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD). This effect was not observed following exposure with a MCs/NOD-R mixture, and thus the effect of MC-LR on 3β-HSD appears to be stronger than for other congeners. Exposure to extracts from both M. aeruginosa PCC7806 and M. aeruginosa PCC7806mcyB− had an opposite effect on 3β-HSD, i.e. concentrations of pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone and DHEA were significantly decreased, showing that there are other cyanobacterial metabolites that outcompete the effect of MC-LR, and possibly result instead in net-induction. Another finding was a possible concentration-dependent inhibition of CYP21A2 or CYP11β1, which catalyse oxidation reactions leading to cortisol and cortisone, by MC-LR and the MCs/NOD-R mixture. However, both M. aeruginosa PCC7806 and M. aeruginosa PCC7806mcyB− extracts had an opposite effect resulting in a substantial increase in cortisol levels. Our results suggest that MCs can modulate steroidogenesis, but the net effect of the M. aeruginosa metabolome on steroidogenesis is different from that of pure MC-LR and independent of MC production.
%polynova_2way: A SAS macro for implementation of mixed models for metabolomics data
Authors: Manjarin Rodrigo , Maj Magdalena A. , La Frano Michael R. , Glanz Hunter
Published: December 2020

The generation of large metabolomic data sets has created a high demand for software that can fit statistical models to one-metabolite-at-a-time on hundreds of metabolites. We provide the%polynova_2waymacro in SAS to identify metabolites differentially expressed in study designs with a two-way factorial treatment and hierarchical design structure. For each metabolite, the macro calculates the least squares means using a linear mixed model with fixed and random effects, runs a 2-way ANOVA, corrects the P-values for the number of metabolites using the false discovery rate or Bonferroni procedure, and calculate the P-value for the least squares mean differences for each metabolite. Finally, the%polynova_2waymacro outputs a table in excel format that combines all the results to facilitate the identification of significant metabolites for each factor. The macro code is freely available in the Supporting Information.
Factors associated with divorce from first union among women in Ethiopia: Further analysis of the 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey data
Authors: Dagnew Gizachew Worku , Asresie Melash Belachew , Fekadu Gedefaw Abeje , Gelaw Yared Mulu
Published: December 2020

Background

Globally, divorce is a common phenomenon in couples' marital life. As a result, many divorced couples and their children face several social, economic, and health problems after dissolution. There is little information on the magnitude and determinants of divorce in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of divorce from the first union and its predictors among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia.

Methods

We used the 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey data for this analysis. The survey was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted from January 18 to June 27, 2016. The survey employed a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. A total of 11,646 ever-married women were included in the analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistics regression was done to identify the determinants of divorce from the first marriage. A p-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.

Results

About 25% (95%CI: 23.4% - 26.6%) ever-married women were divorced from their first marital relationship. Women who were married at age < 15 years (AOR = 1.34; 95%CI: 1.07–1.68), urban women (AOR = 1.69; 95%CI: 1.22–2.35), women who did not attend formal education (AOR = 4.36; 95%CI: 3.14–6.05), women who were employed (AOR = 1.51; 95%CI: 1.31–1.73), and being childless (AOR = 1.34; 95%CI: 1.07–1.69) had higher odds of experiencing a divorce. Similarly, women who experienced partner violence, women with no house ownership, and women in the Amhara region had higher odds of divorce from their first marital union. Conversely, women in Oromia, SNNPR, the metropolis, and the pastoral regions had lower odds of divorce from their first marital union.

Conclusion

Divorce from the first marriage is high in Ethiopia. Preventing early marriage and partner violence and promoting girls’ education would reduce the divorce rate in Ethiopia.
Quantitative measurements of aerosols from air-polishing and ultrasonic devices: (How) can we protect ourselves?
Authors: Kaufmann Manuela , Solderer Alex , Gubler Andrea , Wegehaupt Florian J. , Attin Thomas , Schmidlin Patrick R.
Published: December 2020

Aim

To assess the distribution and deposition of aerosols during simulated periodontal therapy.

Methods

A manikin with simulated fluorescein salivation was treated by four experienced dentists applying two different periodontal treatment options, i.e. air-polishing with an airflow device or ultrasonic scaling in the upper and lower anterior front for 5 minutes, respectively. Aerosol deposition was quantitatively measured on 21 pre-defined locations with varying distances to the manikins mouth in triplicates using absorbent filter papers.

Results

The selected periodontal interventions resulted in different contamination levels around the patient’s mouth. The highest contamination could be measured on probes on the patient’s chest and forehead but also on the practitioner’s glove. With increasing distance to the working site contamination of the probes decreased with both devices. Air-polishing led to greater contamination than ultrasonic.

Conclusion

Both devices showed contamination of the nearby structures, less contamination was detected when using the ultrasonic. Affirming the value of wearing protective equipment we support the need for universal barrier precautions and effective routine infection control in dental practice.