bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deploying and scaling distributed parallel deep neural networks on the Tianhe-3 prototype system
Authors: Wei Jia , Zhang Xingjun , Ji Zeyu , Li Jingbo , Wei Zheng
Published: October 2021

Due to the increase in computing power, it is possible to improve the feature extraction and data fitting capabilities of DNN networks by increasing their depth and model complexity. However, the big data and complex models greatly increase the training overhead of DNN, so accelerating their training process becomes a key task. The Tianhe-3 peak speed is designed to target E-class, and the huge computing power provides a potential opportunity for DNN training. We implement and extend LeNet, AlexNet, VGG, and ResNet model training for a single MT-2000+ and FT-2000+ compute nodes, as well as extended multi-node clusters, and propose an improved gradient synchronization process for Dynamic Allreduce communication optimization strategy for the gradient synchronization process base on the ARM architecture features of the Tianhe-3 prototype, providing experimental data and theoretical basis for further enhancing and improving the performance of the Tianhe-3 prototype in large-scale distributed training of neural networks.
Production of valuable chemicals from glycerol using carbon fiber catalysts derived from ethylene
Authors: Malaika Anna , Ptaszyńska Karolina , Kozłowski Mieczysław
Published: October 2021

Ethylene was thermocatalytically transformed into carbon products via a CCVD process. The filamentous carbon obtained was further modified with concentrated sulfuric acid or 4‐benzenediazonium sulfonate (BDS) to produce acid-type catalysts. The as-prepared samples were characterized by SEM and TEM techniques to confirm their morphological features. TG, XRD, elemental, and porosity analyses were also performed to assess the quality of these materials. The fabricated carbons were tested in eco-friendly green synthesis of value-added fuel bio-additives, namely in glycerol esterification. The reaction of glycerol transformation was performed with acetic acid at 80 °C using different glycerol to acetic acid (Gly/AA) molar ratios. The samples functionalized with diazonium salt showed better performance in the above process than those modified with H2SO4, and this was found to be directly related to the degree of surface functionalization with acidic sites. BDS-modified carbon fibers allowed obtaining acceptable results within 6 h when the reaction was performed with a Gly/AA molar ratio of 1:6, however, the dominant products in this case were mono- and diacetins. Extended reaction time altered the distribution of products. Finally, the combined selectivity to the targeted acetins (i.e., DA and TA) was about 75.5%. A direct correlation between the content of –SO3H groups of CNFs and the yield of higher acetins was found.
Major pulmonary resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation in potentially resectable stage III non-small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Peer Michael , Azzam Sharbel , Cyjon Arnold , Katsnelson Rivka , Hayat Henri , Bar Ilan , Merimsky Ofer
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to identify predictors of postoperative outcome and survival of locally advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) resections after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation. Medical records of all patients with clinical stage III potentially resectable NSCLC initially treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation followed by major pulmonary resections were retrieved from the databases of four Israeli Medical Centers between 1999 to 2019. The 124 suitable patients included, 86 males (69.4%) and 38 females (30.6%), with an average age of 64.2 years (range 37–82) and an average hospital stay of 12.6 days (range 5–123). Complete resection was achieved in 92.7% of the patients, while complete pathologic response was achieved in 35.5%. The overall readmission rate was 16.1%. The overall 5-year survival rate was 47.9%. One patient (0.8%) had local recurrence. Postoperative complications were reported in 49.2% of the patients, mainly atrial fibrillation (15.9%) and pneumonia (13.7%), empyema (10.3%), and early bronchopleural fistula (7.3%). The early in-hospital mortality rate was 6.5%, and the 6-month mortality rate was 5.6%. Pre-neoadjuvant bulky mediastinal disease (lymph nodes > 20 mm) (p = 0.034), persistent postoperative N2 disease (p = 0.016), R1 resection (p = 0.027), preoperative N2 multistation disease (p = 0.053) and postoperative stage IIIA (p = 0.001) emerged as negative predictive factors for survival. Our findings demonstrate that neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation in locally advanced potentially resectable NSCLC, followed by major pulmonary resection, is a beneficial approach in selected cases.
Machine learning enabling prediction of the bond dissociation enthalpy of hypervalent iodine from SMILES
Authors: Nakajima Masaya , Nemoto Tetsuhiro
Published: October 2021

Machine learning to create models on the basis of big data enables predictions from new input data. Many tasks formerly performed by humans can now be achieved by machine learning algorithms in various fields, including scientific areas. Hypervalent iodine compounds (HVIs) have long been applied as useful reactive molecules. The bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) value is an important indicator of reactivity and stability. Experimentally measuring the BDE value of HVIs is difficult, however, and the value has been estimated by quantum calculations, especially density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Although DFT calculations can access the BDE value with high accuracy, the process is highly time-consuming. Thus, we aimed to reduce the time for predicting the BDE by applying machine learning. We calculated the BDE of more than 1000 HVIs using DFT calculations, and performed machine learning. Converting SMILES strings to Avalon fingerprints and learning using a traditional Elastic Net made it possible to predict the BDE value with high accuracy. Furthermore, an applicability domain search revealed that the learning model could accurately predict the BDE even for uncovered inputs that were not completely included in the training data.
Subjective touch sensitivity leads to behavioral shifts in oral food texture sensitivity and awareness
Authors: Pellegrino R. , McNelly C. , Luckett C. R.
Published: October 2021

Neurotypical individuals have subjective sensitivity differences that may overlap with more heavily studied clinical populations. However, it is not known whether these subjective differences in sensory sensitivity are modality specific, or lead to behavioral shifts. In our experiment, we measured the oral touch sensitivity and food texture awareness differences in two neurotypical groups having either a high or low subjective sensitivity in touch modality. To measure oral touch sensitivity, individuals performed discrimination tasks across three types of stimuli (liquid, semisolid, and solid). Next, they performed two sorting exercises for two texture-centric food products: cookies and crackers. The stimuli that required low oral processing (liquid) were discriminated at higher rates by participants with high subjective sensitivity. Additionally, discrimination strategies between several foods in the same product space were different across the groups, and each group used attributes other than food texture as differentiating characteristics. The results show subjective touch sensitivity influences behavior (sensitivity and awareness). However, we show that the relationship between subjective touch sensitivity and behavior generalizes beyond just touch to other sensory modalities.
Inter-enantiomer conversion dynamics and Johari–Goldstein relaxation of benzophenones
Authors: Romanini Michela , Macovez Roberto , Barrio Maria , Tamarit Josep Lluís
Published: October 2021

We employ temperature- and pressure-dependent dielectric spectroscopy, as well as differential scanning calorimetry, to characterize benzophenone and the singly-substituted ortho-bromobenzophenone derivative in the liquid and glass states, and analyze the results in terms of the molecular conformations reported for these molecules. Despite the significantly higher mass of the brominated derivative, its dynamic and calorimetric glass transition temperatures are only ten degrees higher than those of benzophenone. The kinetic fragility index of the halogenated molecule is lower than that of the parent compound, and is found to decrease with increasing pressure. By a detailed analysis of the dielectric loss spectra, we provide evidence for the existence of a Johari–Goldstein (JG) relaxation in both compounds, thus settling the controversy concerning the possible lack of a JG process in benzophenone and confirming the universality of this dielectric loss feature in molecular glass-formers. Both compounds also display an intramolecular relaxation, whose characteristic timescale appears to be correlated with that of the cooperative structural relaxation associated with the glass transition. The limited molecular flexibility of ortho-bromobenzophenone allows identifying the intramolecular relaxation as the inter-enantiomeric conversion between two isoenergetic conformers of opposite chirality, which only differ in the sign of the angle between the brominated aryl ring and the coplanar phenyl-ketone subunit. The observation by dielectric spectroscopy of a similar relaxation also in liquid benzophenone indicates that the inter-enantiomer conversion between the two isoenergetic helicoidal ground-state conformers of opposite chirality occurs via a transition state characterized by a coplanar phenyl-ketone moiety.
Prevalence and outcome of abdominal vascular injury in severe trauma patients based on a TraumaRegister DGU international registry analysis
Authors: Barbati Mohammad Esmaeil , Hildebrand Frank , Andruszkow Hagen , Lefering Rolf , Jacobs Michael J. , Jalaie Houman , Gombert Alexander
Published: October 2021

This study details the etiology, frequency and effect of abdominal vascular injuries in patients after polytrauma based on a large registry of trauma patients. The impact of arterial, venous and mixed vascular injuries on patients’ outcome was of interest, as in particular the relevance of venous vessel injury may be underestimated and not adequately assessed in literature so far. All patients of TraumaRegister DGU with the following criteria were included: online documentation of european trauma centers, age 16–85 years, presence of abdominal vascular injury and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) ≥ 3. Patients were divided in three groups of: arterial injury only, venous injury only, mixed arterial and venous injuries. Reporting in this study adheres to the STROBE criteria. A total of 2949 patients were included. All types of abdominal vessel injuries were more prevalent in patients with abdominal trauma followed by thoracic trauma. Rate of patients with shock upon admission were the same in patients with arterial injury alone (n = 606, 33%) and venous injury alone (n = 95, 32%). Venous trauma showed higher odds ratio for in-hospital mortality (OR: 1.48; 95% CI 1.10–1.98, p = 0.010). Abdominal arterial and venous injury in patients suffering from severe trauma were associated with a comparable rate of hemodynamic instability at the time of admission. 24 h as well as in-hospital mortality rate were similar in in patients with venous injury and arterial injury. Stable patients suspected of abdominal vascular injuries should be further investigated to exclude or localize the possible subtle venous injury.
The risk and protective factors of heightened prenatal anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Vacaru Stefania , Beijers Roseriet , Browne Pamela D. , Cloin Mariëlle , van Bakel Hedwig , van den Heuvel Marion I. , de Weerth Carolina
Published: October 2021

While pregnant women are already at-risk for developing symptoms of anxiety and depression, this is heightened during the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared anxiety and depression symptoms, as indicators of psychological distress, before and during COVID-19, and investigated the role of partner, social network and healthcare support on COVID-19-related worries and consequently on psychological distress. A national survey, conducted during the first lockdown in The Netherlands, assessed COVID-19 experiences and psychological distress (N = 1421), whereas a comparison sample (N = 1439) was screened for psychological distress in 2017–2018. During COVID-19, the percentage of mothers scoring above the questionnaires’ clinical cut-offs doubled for depression (6% and 12%) and anxiety (24% and 52%). Women reported increased partner support during COVID-19, compared to pre-pandemic, but decreased social and healthcare support. Higher support resulted in lower COVID-19-related worries, which in turn contributed to less psychological distress. Results suggest that a global pandemic exerts a heavy toll on pregnant women’s mental health. Psychological distress was substantially higher during the pandemic than the pre-pandemic years. We identified a protective role of partner, social, and healthcare support, with important implications for the current and future crisis management. Whether increased psychological distress is transient or persistent, and whether and how it affects the future generation remains to be determined.
Tobacco dependence affects determinants related to quitting intention and behaviour
Authors: Lin Haoxiang , Chen Meijun , Yun Qingping , Zhang Lanchao , Chang Chun
Published: October 2021

This study uses protection motivation theory (PMT) to examine the quitting intentions and behaviours of smokers who have varying levels of nicotine dependence. Our goals are to identify the psychological factors that influence smoking cessation and to provide valuable evidence to promote theory-guided interventions. This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted from July to August 2020. Participants were randomly selected on the streets of 26 provinces on mainland China. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Our analysis was conducted in three steps. First, we employed descriptive statistics to present the overall characteristics of our sample. Second, we analysed the association between PMT constructs and quitting intentions stratified by nicotine dependence. Third, we tested how quitting intentions were associated with quitting behaviours in each subgroup using logistic regression models. For intention, almost all the PMT constructs were significantly associated with quitting intention in the low-dependence group. For the moderate- and high-dependence groups, only perceived vulnerability (coefficient = 0.35, P = 0.04) was positively associated with quitting intention. For behaviour, we found a stronger association between quitting intention and behaviour in the low-dependence group (Coef. = 1.67, P = 0.00) than for the other groups. We found a significant association between e-cigarette use and quitting behaviour only in the low-dependence group (Coef. = 1.34, P = 0.00). Coefficients for the moderate- and high-dependence groups were not statistically significant. Smokers at various levels of nicotine dependence have different psychological factors that influence their intentions to stop smoking. Quitting intention was more significantly associated with quitting behaviour for the low nicotine-dependence group than for the other groups. More convincing research is necessary to determine how e-cigarette use affects quitting behaviour in the long term.
Diagnostic accuracy and clinical implications of robotic assisted MRI-US fusion guided target saturation biopsy of the prostate
Authors: Wetterauer Christian , Trotsenko Pawel , Matthias Marc Olivier , Breit Christian , Keller Nicola , Meyer Anja , Brantner Philipp , Vlajnic Tatjana , Bubendorf Lukas , Winkel David Jean , Kwiatkowski Maciej , Seifert Hans Helge
Published: October 2021

MRI-targeted prostate biopsy improves detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa). However, up to 70% of PCa lesions display intralesional tumor heterogeneity. Current target sampling strategies do not yet adequately account for this finding. This prospective study included 118 patients who underwent transperineal robotic assisted biopsy of the prostate. We identified a total of 58 PCa-positive PI-RADS lesions. We compared diagnostic accuracy of a target-saturation biopsy strategy to accuracy of single, two, or three randomly selected targeted biopsy cores and analysed potential clinical implications. Intralesional detection of clinically significant cancer (ISUP ≥ 2) was 78.3% for target-saturation biopsy and 39.1%, 52.2%, and 67.4% for one, two, and three targeted cores, respectively. Target-saturation biopsies led to a more accurate characterization of PCa in terms of Gleason score and reduced rates of significant cancer missed. Compared to one, two, and three targeted biopsy cores, target-saturation biopsies led to intensified staging procedures in 21.7%, 10.9, and 8.7% of patients, and ultimately to a potential change in therapy in 39.1%, 26.1%, and 10.9% of patients. This work presents the concept of robotic-assisted target saturation biopsy. This technique has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and thus individual staging procedures and treatment decisions.
Overcoming barriers to data sharing with medical image generation: a comprehensive evaluation
Authors: DuMont Schütte August , Hetzel Jürgen , Gatidis Sergios , Hepp Tobias , Dietz Benedikt , Bauer Stefan , Schwab Patrick
Published: October 2021

Privacy concerns around sharing personally identifiable information are a major barrier to data sharing in medical research. In many cases, researchers have no interest in a particular individual’s information but rather aim to derive insights at the level of cohorts. Here, we utilise generative adversarial networks (GANs) to create medical imaging datasets consisting entirely of synthetic patient data. The synthetic images ideally have, in aggregate, similar statistical properties to those of a source dataset but do not contain sensitive personal information. We assess the quality of synthetic data generated by two GAN models for chest radiographs with 14 radiology findings and brain computed tomography (CT) scans with six types of intracranial haemorrhages. We measure the synthetic image quality by the performance difference of predictive models trained on either the synthetic or the real dataset. We find that synthetic data performance disproportionately benefits from a reduced number of classes. Our benchmark also indicates that at low numbers of samples per class, label overfitting effects start to dominate GAN training. We conducted a reader study in which trained radiologists discriminate between synthetic and real images. In accordance with our benchmark results, the classification accuracy of radiologists improves with an increasing resolution. Our study offers valuable guidelines and outlines practical conditions under which insights derived from synthetic images are similar to those that would have been derived from real data. Our results indicate that synthetic data sharing may be an attractive alternative to sharing real patient-level data in the right setting.
The predatory soil bacterium Lysobacter reprograms quorum sensing system to regulate antifungal antibiotic production in a cyclic-di-GMP-independent manner
Authors: Li Kaihuai , Xu Gaoge , Wang Bo , Wu Guichun , Hou Rongxian , Liu Fengquan
Published: October 2021

Soil bacteria often harbour various toxins to against eukaryotic or prokaryotic. Diffusible signal factors (DSFs) represent a unique group of quorum sensing (QS) chemicals that modulate interspecies competition in bacteria that do not produce antibiotic-like molecules. However, the molecular mechanism by which DSF-mediated QS systems regulate antibiotic production for interspecies competition remains largely unknown in soil biocontrol bacteria. In this study, we find that the necessary QS system component protein RpfG from Lysobacter, in addition to being a cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) phosphodiesterase (PDE), regulates the biosynthesis of an antifungal factor (heat-stable antifungal factor, HSAF), which does not appear to depend on the enzymatic activity. Interestingly, we show that RpfG interacts with three hybrid two-component system (HyTCS) proteins, HtsH1, HtsH2, and HtsH3, to regulate HSAF production in Lysobacter. In vitro studies show that each of these proteins interacted with RpfG, which reduced the PDE activity of RpfG. Finally, we show that the cytoplasmic proportions of these proteins depended on their phosphorylation activity and binding to the promoter controlling the genes implicated in HSAF synthesis. These findings reveal a previously uncharacterized mechanism of DSF signalling in antibiotic production in soil bacteria.
Mechanochemical synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Tsuzuki Takuya
Published: October 2021

In the last decades, mechanochemical processing has emerged as a sustainable method for the large-scale production of a variety of nanomaterials. In particular, mechanochemical synthesis can afford well-dispersed metal-oxide nanoparticles, which are used in wide-ranging applications including energy storage and conversion, environmental monitoring, or biomedical uses. This article reviews recent progress in the mechanochemical synthesis of metal-oxide nanoparticles, explores reaction mechanisms, and contrasts the influence of chosen process parameters on the properties of end products. The role of choice of reaction pathway, as well as advantages and limitations compared to other synthesis methods are discussed. A prospect for future development of this synthetic method is proposed.
Multispectral electromagnetic shielding using ultra-thin metal-metal oxide decorated hybrid nanofiber membranes
Authors: He Dayong , Zhang Nan , Iqbal Aamir , Ma Yuying , Lu Xiaofeng , Qiao Zhen-An , Yu Ji-Hong , Xu Hongbo , Wang Wei , Zhao Rui , Li Xiaofeng , Zhou Zhiqiang , Jin Changxian , Koo Chong Min , Wang Ce
Published: October 2021

Lightweight shielding materials that can protect devices against undesirable multispectral electromagnetic waves are critical in electronic, medical, military, and aerospace applications. However, the existing shielding materials are heavyweight and work only in a narrow frequency-range. In this work, we developed metal–metal oxide Ag-WO3 decorated polymeric nanofiber hybrid membranes with versatile multispectral electromagnetic shielding abilities for practical applications. The Ag-WO3 hybrid provides multiple functions, such as excellent metallic conductivity provided by silver, high photoelectric effect and low thermal conductivity arising from the high atomic number in WO3, and strong infrared energy absorbing capability caused by a designed Schottky barrier interface between Ag and WO3. Additionally, the nanofibrous hybrid membrane structure provides high surface area, good air permeability, and robust mechanical strength and durability. These highly conductive, lightweight, ultrathin, and flexible membranes exhibit efficient microwave electromagnetic interference shielding of 92.3 dB at a thickness of ~42 μm in 8–26.5 GHz frequency range, 0.75–0.5 emissivity for near- to far-field infrared bands, and 32.03% attenuation for X-rays of 30 keV at 0.24 mm thickness, indicating their potential for shielding against large-scale multispectral electromagnetic waves from low-frequency microwaves to high-frequency X-rays.
Electro-superlubric springs for continuously tunable resonators and oscillators
Authors: Wu Zhanghui , Huang Xuanyu , Xiang Xiaojian , Zheng Quanshui
Published: October 2021

Resonators and resonator-based oscillators are used in most electronics systems and they are classified as either mechanical or electrical, with fixed or difficult-to-tune resonant frequencies. Here, we propose an electro-superlubric spring, whose restoring force between two contacting sliding solid surfaces in the structural superlubric state is linearly dependent on the sliding displacement from the balanced position. We use theoretical analysis and finite element methods to study the restoring force and stability. The stiffness of this electro-superlubric spring is proportional to the square of the applied electric bias, facilitating continuous tuning from zero to several megahertz or gigahertz for the microscale or nanoscale resonators, respectively. Furthermore, we propose an electro-superlubric oscillator that is easily operated by varying a pair of harmonic voltages. The resonant frequency, resonant amplitude, quality factor, and maximum resonant speed can be continuously tuned via the applied voltage and bias. These results indicate significant potential in the applications of electro-superlubric resonators and oscillators.
Late-stage construction of stapled peptides through Fujiwara–Moritani reaction between tryptophan and olefins
Authors: Liu Jiang , Wang Peng , Zeng Wei , Lu Qi , Zhu Qing
Published: October 2021

Herein, the first example of a palladium-catalyzed Fujiwara–Moritani reaction for olefination of tryptophan (Trp) residues, free from directing groups, was presented.
Structure–mechanical property relationship of a pentapeptide crystal
Authors: Nandi Sujay Kumar , Mondal Saikat , Mondal Sahabaj , Gumtya Milan , Haldar Debasish
Published: October 2021

A peptide having miniature (P)310/α-helix conformation, forms intermolecular H-bonded supramolecular helical bundle structure which further self-assembled to interdigited supramolecular sheet-like structure that eventually from the brittle crystal.
A new multi-functional Cu(ii)-organic framework as a platform for selective carbon dioxide chemical fixation and separation of organic dyes
Authors: Yan Yang-Tian , Wang Chen-Yang , Zheng Li-Na , Wu Yun-long , Liu Jiao , Wu Wei-Ping , Zhang Wen-Yan , Wang Yao-Yu
Published: October 2021

A new multi-functional metal–organic framework {[Cu2(HL)(H2O)2]·NMP·2H2O}n was synthesized. It shows efficient catalytic performance for the chemical fixation of CO2 and exhibits selective sorption towards the rhodamine B dye.
Experimental studies on combined production of CH4and safe long-term storage of CO2in the form of solid hydrate in sediment
Authors: Saeidi Navid , Dunn-Rankin Derek , Kvamme Bjørn , Chien Yu-Chien
Published: October 2021

34 mole% CO2is substituted into the methane hydrate by adding N2from injection fluid for increasing the performance. Liquid state is the fast mechanism for replacingin situCH4with CO2and involves the formation of a new CO2hydrate.
Rational design of metal-based antimicrobial nanomaterials in environmental applications
Authors: Chong Yu , Ge Cuicui
Published: October 2021

This review highlights the rational design and environmental applications of metal-based antimicrobial nanomaterials for pathogenic microorganism control.
Bioactives and their metabolites from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum leaves ameliorate DSS-induced colitis via protecting the intestinal barrier, mitigating oxidative stress and regulating the gut microbiota
Authors: Wu Tong , Wang Xiaoya , Xiong Hua , Deng Zeyuan , Peng Xin , Xiao Lihua , Jiang Li , Sun Yong
Published: October 2021

Proposed mechanisms of amelioration of DSS-induced colitis in mice by THL.
Personalized gel-droplet monocyte vaccines for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Tian Yishen , Xu Chunmiao , Feng Jiao , Huangfu Yueyue , Wang Kai , Zhang Zhi-Ling
Published: October 2021

Personalized gel-droplet-encapsulated monocyte vaccines were prepared using an integrated chip and injected back into the hosts to induce CTL for the treatment of cancer.
pH-Sensitive silica-based core–shell nanogel prepared via RAFT polymerization: investigation of the core size effect on the release profile of doxorubicin
Authors: Farmanbordar Hassan , Amini-Fazl Mohammad Sadegh , Mohammadi Reza
Published: October 2021

The novelty of this work is the synthesis of a core–shell nanogel that is based on silica nanoparticles as the core with different sizes via RAFT polymerization and its application to drug delivery.
A novel NIR fluorescent probe for the highly sensitive detection of HNO and its application in bioimaging
Authors: He Shenwei , Zhu Jianming , Xie Peiyao , Liu Jianfei , Zhang Di , Tang Jun , Ye Yong
Published: October 2021

A “naked-eye” HNO probe based on xanthene was obtained.
Effect of hydrothermal aging temperature on a Cu-SSZ-13/H-SAPO-34 composite for the selective catalytic reduction of NOxby NH3
Authors: Zhao Huawang , Lin Mimi , Wang Yujie , Zheng Jiandong
Published: October 2021

Effect of aging temperature on SSZ-SAPO composites.
A new class of fluorogenic thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolinone receptor: selective detection towards mercury and hydrogen bisulfate ions in aqueous medium
Authors: Mohanta Prajna Parimita , Devi Aparna Prabha , Bag Bhawani Prasad , Pati Hari Narayan , Behera Ajaya Kumar
Published: October 2021

Fluorophoric thiazoloquinazoline derivatives were synthesized under microwave assisted one-pot three-component cascade reaction. Owing to their unique structural arrangement, a new bioactive molecular receptor was developed for HSO4−and Hg2+ions.
Phytoplankton dynamics in a seasonal stratified reservoir (Tillari), Western India
Authors: Ahmed Ayaz , Gauns Mangesh , Shenoy Damodar M. , Kurian Siby , Naik Hema , Naqvi Syed Wajih Ahmad
Published: October 2021

Phytoplankton are the primary producers in all the aquatic ecosystems and play an important role in key biogeochemical processes that are linked to the higher trophic levels and climate variability. The present study deals with the phytoplankton dynamics, biomass and physicochemical features in freshwater reservoir, Tillari, western India. The reservoir experience seasonal stratification and mixing associated changes in the biogeochemical aspects especially the phytoplankton community and chlorophylla(hereafter, Chla). The influence of seasonality was lesser in the deeper water in the reservoir. Buildup in phytoplankton biomass (up to 6.6 mg m−3) was observed in the upper strata of the water column (epilimnion) during the monsoon period (June–July) and winter (December) as a result of nutrient enrichment from the hypolimnion. Among nutrients, nitrate was associated with buildup of Chlain the epilimnion during summer (r2 = 0.7). A total of 91 phytoplankton species were identified with major contribution by charophytes and chlorophytes. The dominant phytoplankton species belonged to generaStaurastrum, Cosmarium, Aulacoseira, NephrocytiumandShroederia.Charophytes made a remarkable presence during the whole study period in the well oxygenated epilimnion as well as in the hypolimnion with relatively low oxygen. Diatom, the major silica sinking group was relatively less abundant. Keeping the importance of the reservoir in view, the understanding of phytoplankton community from this poorly explored reservoir with respect to influencing factors is a very vital baseline information. Thus, to design and evaluate the management strategies for the reservoir, continuous monitoring and processes studies is warranted.
Preface: 20th Conference on Power System Engineering
Authors: Richter Lukas , Pelikan Martin , Volf Michal , Vackova Michaela
Published: October 2021

The Conference on Power System Engineering has a long-term tradition. It is an annual meeting of professors and experts from departments and universities where power system engineering is taught. The 20th year of this event was held in Pilsen (Czech Republic) between 7th and 9th September 2021 and was hosted by Department of Power System Engineering of Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen.
A study of the electrostatic charge of the coarse water droplets
Authors: Bartoš Ondřej , Peter Václav
Published: October 2021

The aim of this paper is introduce the results of a measurement of the electrostatic charge of water droplets during wet steam expansion. The analysis of the charge origin was done. The achieved result shows that there is not a significant charging mechanism for the fine droplets. The dependence between the specific electrical current and the amount of liquid phase collected by the probe was found. Some models were studied to determine the origin of the electrical current. Finally a model was proposed, where the el. current is generated by the disruption of thin liquid film on the surface of the probe. The charging model was later applied for the measurement of the liquid film disruption in the new wind tunnel designed for the simulation of the flow field in the steam turbines. The measurement was performed with the air as a flowing medium and two modal droplets size distribution was found.
On-line pump for very low power heating or cooling system
Authors: Goryca Zbigniew , Peczkis Grzegorz , Synowiec Tomasz , Wiśniewski Piotr
Published: October 2021

The article presents the concept of a new circulation pump for low power heating or cooling system, dedicated to systems where it is necessary to ensure a slight liquid flow during periods of operation at a significantly low efficiency of the systems. The assumption for the construction of the new pump was the possibility of its installation in the pipeline axis. The proposed prototype design includes the application of a patented solution to relieve the axial force acting in a flow system [1,2]. Additionally, a new permanent magnet DC motor designed and manufactured for this pump was used. The design of the pump takes into account the requirement of maximum silence, which results from its intended use in close proximity to human habitation. The design of the pump has been tested numerically. The results of numerical tests are presented. The pump was made in the rapid prototyping technique in a 3D printer. The pump was built into a dedicated test stand with measuring instruments verified in terms of the quality of measurements. A series of measurements was made on the basis of which the flow characteristics of the pump were determined. During the research, risks for the operation of the new structure were identified, which will be taken care of in a further stage of the research, and the structure, after removing the defects, will be directed to production [3].
Developing of experimental combustion boiler with stationary fluidized bed and multifuels combustion
Authors: Jadlovec Marek , Honus Stanislav
Published: October 2021

Due to the outdated higher requirements for reducing emissions of harmful substances in the combustion of fossil fuels and waste in particular, more and more research is needed, which will lead to the provision of various alternatives to influence the emerging pollutants into the atmosphere. This study deals with the development of experimental combustion units with a stationary fluidized bed with regulated parameters of primary and secondary air supply, performed fuel supply and flue gas parameters. Combustion is carried out in a bubbling stationary fluidized bed with a height of 100 mm and a diameter of 140 mm. The fluidized bed consists of ST 54 glass sand with a mean grain size of 0.22 mm. The basic purpose of the study is to describe the construction of the experimental unit with verification of its functionality. On the experimental equipment was realized experiments in terms of combustion various types of fuels, whether they are fossil fuels (coal), alternative fuels as straw pellets, sludge from wastewater treatment plants, sludge from paper mills or their combinations. Determination of temperature and pressure along the entire length of the unit is a device equipped with thermocouples and pressure sensors.
Designing a top cooling system for an electromagnetic calorimeter
Authors: Jeřábek Matěj , Volf Michal , Duda Daniel
Published: October 2021

The article describes a numerical simulation of flow in the cooling system of an electromagnetic calorimeter by analysing the temperature and pressure fields. Two fundamentally different approaches were used to analyse the pressure field - analytical 1D calculation and numerical 3D flow simulation. The article contains a detailed evaluation and description of individual analyses using the commercial software ANSYS 2020 R1.
On the rational form of rotary control diaphragms for steam turbines with industrial and cogeneration steam extraction
Authors: Zaryankin Arkadiy , Akatov Alexander , Lavyrev Ivan , Cherkasov Mikhail
Published: October 2021

The Russian park of power steam turbines contains a large number of turbines with adjustable steam extraction from the flow path where rotary control diaphragms are used as flow controllers, which structurally easily fit into the flow path of these turbines. This method of regulating the steam flow rate is accompanied by a decrease in the efficiency of the subsequent stages of the turbine and causes the appearance, at reduced loads, of additional disturbing forces acting on the rotor blades. In the presented materials, a variant of a post-sampling stage with a radial rotary control diaphragm is considered. The performed mathematical modeling of the working fluid flows in such a stage showed that in this case, at all turbine loads, a relatively uniform velocity field is provided when steam enters the nozzle apparatus, which naturally entails the elimination of the noted drawbacks.
Verification tests of a new blade flutter research facility
Authors: Lepicovsky Jan , Šimurda David , Šidlof Petr
Published: October 2021

Long term strategic changes in power generation approaches will require more flexibility for large power generating turbines as an unavoidable consequence of the increasing share of power generated by alternative energy sources. Demanded flexibility for the power turbine output will augment undesired flow phenomena in the low-pressure turbine module, which will consequently enhance blade flutter problems of long slender blades in turbine last stages. In order to advance the understanding of blade flutter onset conditions, the Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences instigated an advanced research program on blade flutter research in high-speed turbomachines. A new innovative test facility for Blade Forced Flutter research was designed and built in the High-Speed Laboratory of the Institute of Thermomechanics. The concept of the new test facility is based on extensive experience with an older Transonic Flutter Cascade facility operated at the NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. At present, the first phase of verification tests of the new facility is in progress. The ongoing steady-state tests are intended for exploration of a newly proposed quasi-stationary method to investigate instigating flow conditions leading to an onset of intense blade flutter. Results of some opening tests under steady flow conditions are presented in the paper. The blade drive mechanism for unsteady tests with oscillating blades has not yet been installed in the facility. The presented paper is a work-in-progress report on the ongoing research of complex blade flutter problems.
Applicability of the PIV system for velocity field measurement inside the ultrasonic flowmeter
Authors: Novosád Jan , Pulec Jaroslav , Dančová Petra
Published: October 2021

Ultrasonic (US) flow meters are devices for a fluid flow measurement using the ultrasonic principle. Current research project dealing with developing the ultrasonic flowmeter with an innovative channel shape. Previously the work was aimed to the topology optimization using the CFD methods. The final prototype has to be analyzed experimentally to verify the velocity profiles in the US measurement section. The obtained velocity profiles in this region are necessary as the input for the US sensor data evaluation. A particle image velocimetry (PIV) was selected as a potentially suitable technique for the velocity profiles measurement. This paper presents the development and initial testing of a new experimental setup including the experimental track and PIV system. Several modifications were realized during the preparation of the experimental setup. Finally, measurements were performed with a simplified model and the results were evaluated in the form of velocity profiles in the area of interest. The most important results are the knowledge about the requirements on the model preparation. The future work will be aimed to the prototype of the ultrasonic flowmeter.
An attempt to measure cycloidal rotor fan in a rectangular duct
Authors: Staśko Tomasz , Majkut Mirosław , Dykas Sławomir , Smołka Krystian
Published: October 2021

A fan with cycloidal rotor (CRF) becomes a popular idea in wide application such as aviation, HVAC (heat, ventilation and air conditioning) or marine propeller systems. This is due to advantages such as direct control of the flow direction, larger flow rates than in a conventional machines without cycloidal control. In the presented article, velocity fields of CRF placed in a rectangular channel was measured, using Laser Doppler Anemomentry (LDA) method and thermoanemometric probe (TA).
Assessment of condensation models for moist air transonic flow prediction
Authors: Wiśniewski Piotr , Majkut Mirosław , Dykas Sławomir , Smołka Krystian , Zhang Guojie , Pritz Balazs
Published: October 2021

The aim of this article is to thoroughly analyse the influence of condensation models on the modelling of condensation phenomena in transonic flow of moist air. The reason for the study was the fact that different condensation models are used by researchers to obtain satisfactory results of numerical modelling. The condensation models tested herein differ in the nucleation rate formula and the droplets growth equation. Four most often used condensation models were selected for detailed investigations. The results obtained from each model were compared with experiments for the nozzle flow. The main focus was on the location of the onset of the nucleation process. Moreover, the droplets growth intensity was compared and discussed. The nozzle flow CFD calculations were performed using the ANSYS Fluent commercial tool. Finally, the condensation model which is the most suitable for the moist air transonic flow was recommended.
The structure of turbulent flow behind the NACA 0012 airfoil at high angles of attack and low Reynolds number
Authors: Yanovych Vitalii , Duda Daniel , Uruba Václav , Kosiak Pavlo
Published: October 2021

This paper shows the results of a study of the turbulent structure behind the NACA 0012 airfoil. During the experiment, the flow velocity was 20 m·s−1. That corresponds the Reynolds number 1.3·105. The point behind the trailing edge was chosen for experimental studies. Measurements were performed at six angles of attack α = 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and various cases of positioning the measuring section. Namely at a constant crosssection and a constant distance behind the airfoil. The NetScanner pressure system and hot-wire technique were used for experimental studies. The obtained data allowed us to investigate the wake topology. The average velocity and standard deviation distributions are clearly grouped depending on the angle of attack. Thus, flowing around the airfoil is better up to α ≤15°. Distributions by power density and dissipation spectra also have a similar grouping tendency. Finally, we investigated the turbulent structure according to the research program. We found that at α ≥45°, depending on the measurement case, there is a clear difference in the distribution of standard deviation, Eulerian length scale, Taylor micro-scale, and Reynolds number based on the Taylor micro-scale. The obtained values at the constant distance, in contrast to the constant cross-section, are reduced.
Notfallmäßige autologe Shuntrevision bei unbekannter Patientin
Authors: Krönung Gerhard
Published: October 2021

Die notfallmäßige shuntchirurgische Versorgung eines bis dahin unbekannten Patienten mit thrombosiertem Shunt sollte nur von einem versierten Shuntchirurgen nach persönlicher klinischer Untersuchung einschließlich Ultraschall durchgeführt werden.
Entscheidungshilfe bei Lebendnierenspende
Authors: Stocker Felix
Published: October 2021

Die Entscheidung über eine Lebendnierenspende ist ein einschneidendes Erlebnis und stellt sowohl Patienten als auch ihre beratenden Ärzte oft vor große Herausforderungen. Eine so selbstlose Tat sollte für Spender ohne negative Folgen bleiben. Das Dogma, dass nach der Spende einer Niere die Funktion des verbleibenden Organs immer ausreichend ist, gilt jedoch als überholt. Eine aktuelle Studie gibt hier Hilfestellung: Anhand der Größe der verbleibenden Niere und des Körpergewichts sollen Spender identifiziert werden, die langfristig eine unzureichende Nierenfunktion entwickeln könnten – und welche nicht.
Morphological diagnosis and successful treatment of chorioptic mange in 2 South American coatis (Nasua nasua)
Authors: Klinger Christoph J. , Boehm Teresa M.S.A. , Roller Marco , Knauf-Witzens Tobias
Published: October 2021

Two female South American coatis (Nasua nasua) kept in a zoo in Southern Germany presented with pruritus and moderate hair loss at the dorsal trunk, thigh areas and alongside the tail. Otherwise the animals showed no clinical signs. While the clinical general examination as well as cytology of dermatologic samples showed no pathologic changes, Chorioptes sp. mites could be identified in a superficial skin scraping. Two consecutive topical applications of a selamectin/sarolaner spot-on formulation 4 weeks apart lead to a complete resolution. No side effects were observed.
Intramurale ösophageale Abszedierung als Komplikation einer eosinophilen Ösophagitis
Authors: Keim Victor J. , Lutterer Achim , Geddert Helene , Gossner Liebwin
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfasssung

Die eosinophile Ösophagitis ist eine wichtige Differenzialdiagnose bei Auftreten einer Dysphagie oder von Bolusobstruktionen des Ösophagus. Bei verzögerter Diagnosestellung der Erkrankung können Folgeschäden des Ösophagus wie Strikturen resultieren.

Wir berichten über einen jungen Patienten, der sich mit zunächst unklaren retrosternalen Beschwerden vorstellte. Es konnte die Diagnose einer eosinophilen Ösophagitis gestellt werden, wobei komplizierend eine intramurale Abszedierung des Ösophagus auftrat. Nach spontaner Entleerung des Abszesses konnte unter antibiotischer Therapie und in der Folge Beginn einer Remissionsinduktion der eosinophilen Ösophagitis mittels orodispersiblen Budesonids ein guter Therapieerfolg erzielt werden.
Stereo- and Regioselective [3+2] Cycloaddition of Acetoxy Allenoates with Azides: Metal-Free Synthesis of Multisubstituted Triazoles
Authors: Qureshi Asif Ali , Sanjeeva Kumar Arpula , Kumara Swamy K. C. , Chauhan Sachin
Published: October 2021

We have developed a regio- and stereoselective thermal [3+2]-cycloaddition protocol involving acetoxy allenoates as 1,2-dipoles under metal-free conditions for the synthesis of 1,4,5-tri/1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. δ-Acetoxy allenoates act as α- and β-carbon donors and lead to trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles with an alkenyl functionality at the 5-position. In sharp contrast to this, β- and γ-carbons participate in the case of β′-acetoxy allenoates to afford 1,5-disubstituted triazole cores. This [3+2] cycloaddition shows a broad substrate scope concerning acetoxy allenoate as well as azide and offers essentially E-stereoisomers in good to high yields. Divergently, the reaction of δ-acetoxy allenoate with trimethylsilyl azide gives an acyclic, nitrogen-inserted product with the cleavage of C–C bonds.
Capturing ultrafast magnetization phenomenon using femtosecond x rays
Authors: Jeppson Spencer , Kukreja Roopali
Published: October 2021

Recent advances in x-ray and extreme ultraviolet sources have enabled a new frontier for ultrafast studies of magnetic materials. Modern x-ray free electron lasers and high-harmonic generation sources combine the power of x-ray techniques available at traditional synchrotron sources with femtosecond temporal resolution, facilitating fundamental insights into ultrafast magnetization phenomenon, including laser induced demagnetization dynamics and all-optical switching. This Research Update highlights recent developments of femtosecond x-ray sources and experimental studies where the unique advantages offered by these sources have enabled the development of foundational knowledge on underlying ultrafast magnetization behavior.