bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No Coincidence, George: Processing Limits in Cognitive Function Reflect the Curse of Generalization
Authors: Frankland Steven M , Webb Taylor , Lewis Richard L. , Cohen Jonathan D.
Published: February 2025

The striking constraints of some human cognitive processes stand in stark contrast to the nearlimitless capability of others. While we can acquire and flexibly use vast amounts of information,the amount we can process at any one time is often stiflingly limited. Here, we integrate ideasfrom information-theory, cognitive science, and neuroscience to offer a unified account of whyprocessing is often so limited. We argue that this reflects a fundamental tradeoff betweenrepresentational efficiency and processing efficiency. ‘Representational efficiency’ refers to howmuch and how compactly information is represented by an agent, that is directly related to itscapacity for generalization. We distinguish this from ‘processing efficiency’, which refers to howmany representations can be processed at the same time. We show that maximizingrepresentational efficiency to optimize the capacity for generalization — a characteristicallyhuman cognitive strength — comes at the expense of surprisingly strict limits in processingcapacity, an equally characteristic human weakness that has been observed in a variety ofcognitive tasks. We refer to this as the “curse of generalization,” and formulate this first ininformation theoretic form, and then demonstrate it in a neurally motivated model of a set ofcanonical cognitive tasks that have been used to demonstrate the strict limits in humanprocessing capacity. We suggest that the tension between representational efficiency andprocessing efficiency imposes a fundamental constraint on information processing, that mayprovide a unified explanation for a wide range of psychological phenomena, from performancein the tasks on which we focus to representational learning and skill acquisition more broadly, aswell as the performance of modern machine learning architectures that exhibit generalizationcapabilities comparable to humans.
Personally-valued voices engage reward-motivated behaviour and brain responses.
Authors: McGettigan Carolyn , Roiser Jonathan Paul , Kanber Elise
Published: February 2025

Humans often attach notions of value to hearing the voices of specific loved ones, yet there is sparse scientific evidence supporting these claims. We present three experiments – two behavioural and one neuroimaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging: fMRI) – that tested whether personally-valued voices engage reward-motivated behaviour and associated brain responses. Using novel voice incentive delay (VID) tasks, we show that listeners respond faster in anticipation of hearing the speaking voice of their music idol than when anticipating an unfamiliar voice or a pure tone (Experiment 1). Importantly, we found a dissociation between “wanting” and “liking”, where both voices were perceived as explicitly more pleasant than a tone, but only anticipating the idol voice elicited faster reaction times. A second behavioural experiment indicated that familiarity alone was insufficient to engage stronger reward-motivated behaviour in comparison with an unfamiliar identity (Experiment 2). These behavioural patterns were further reflected in brain responses, where the idol voice most strongly engaged brain regions associated with reward processing while responses to other familiar and unfamiliar voices were often equivalent (Experiment 3). Taken together, these studies provide evidence that voices can be effective rewards, in particular when they are associated with intense parasocial interest. Future research should determine whether these findings generalise to personally known individuals.
Childhood violence exposure and social information processing in young adults: Does relationship with the perpetrator matter?
Authors: Kasparek Steven William , Cikara Mina , Hatzenbuehler Mark , McLaughlin Katie A
Published: February 2025

Humans are generally biased to show implicit favoritism for in-group over out-group members, but developmental experiences may alter this process in important ways. Prior work has elucidated associations of family (i.e., in-group) violence exposure in childhood with risk for internalizing symptoms through weakened implicit favoritism for novel in-group members. The present study probes whether childhood violence exposure influences implicit bias and psychopathology differentially depending on the participant’s relationship with the perpetrator (i.e., in-group vs. out-group member) at the time of exposure. We administered a minimal group assignment paradigm and implicit association test to 455 young adults aged 18-25. Young adults who experienced out-group violence in childhood showed stronger implicit in-group favoritism compared to those who experienced in-group or no violence. Implicit out-group favoritism was associated with increased alcohol use. Early-life experiences may shape innate preferences for novel in-group vs. out-group members in ways that have lasting implications for mental health.
Comparing color qualia structures through a novel similarity task in young children versus adults
Authors: Moriguchi Yusuke , Watanabe Ryoichi , Sakata Chifumi , Zeleznikow-Johnston Ariel , Wang Jue , Saji Noburo , Tsuchiya Naotsugu
Published: February 2025

Examination of the subjective qualitative aspects of an experience, or ‘qualia’ in short, is a fundamental and core aspect of consciousness research. How can we characterize the particular quality of redness or a red quale? Based on a recent proposal of the structural characterization of qualia, which did not rely on verbal descriptions, we developed a task that obtained pairwise similarity judgments at four graded levels, with easy and intuitive visual interfaces designed to engage young children. We examined color qualia structures in children (3–12-year-old in Japan and 6–8-year-old in China) and compared these with those of Japanese adults. Approximately half of the assessed 3-year-old children completed the experiment via our touch panel device version of the task and had reliable responses. Despite known developmental and/or cultural effects of color term usage, we found that color qualia structures were quite similar across the age groups and cultures. Our finding supports the view that color qualia structures emerge early. We also observed age-related differences in the evaluations of some color pairs, which implied subtle changes in the structures behind color experience.
Structural, Electronic, Vibrational Properties and Molecular Docking of Paracetamol: a first-principle’s Study
Authors: Khadayat Kamalesh , Joshi Bhawani Datt
Published: February 2025

Aromatic compounds are known for their biological and clinical applications. The present work explores the structural, electronic, and vibrational properties of paracetamol by DFT employing B3LYP/6-31G theory using Gaussian 09 software. To examine the equilibrium geometries, vibrational spectra, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), and UV-Vis spectra analysis of the tittle compound were performed. Vibrational assignments based on the potential energy distribution (PED) were made using the scaled vibrational frequencies. By using the Time Dependent DFT approach the electronic characteristics are classified. The Structure Activity Relationship has been interpreted by mapping the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) which helps in understanding how the electronic distribution affects the molecule's behavior and interactions, particularly its activity and reactivity. Visualizing the frontier molecular orbital in both the gas and solvent phases offers important information about the reactivity, stability, as well as various structural and physical characteristics of the title compound. Additionally, the determined HOMO and LUMO energy values indicate that a charge transfer happens inside the molecule. Further, AutoDock Vina was utilized to perform the molecular docking investigation of paracetamol against the protein CYP2E1(1EQG). The docking analysis shows a -6.6 kcal/mol favorable binding affinity with the CYP2E1(1EQG) receptor, indicating a robust interaction and promising pharmacological importance.
Diversity, Abundance, and Threats to Birds in Bhimdatta Municipality, Kanchanpur, Nepal
Authors: Bista Shreyashi , Joshi Priyanka , Bista Mahadev
Published: February 2025

The avifaunal survey was conducted in Wards 15, 18, and 19 of Bhimdatta Municipality, Kanchanpur, Nepal, from February 2022 to May 2023 using the Point Count Method. Fixed observation points were established across croplands, rangelands, and urban areas, where birds were recorded within a 50-meter radius during a 10-minute observation period at each point. Bird identification was carried out with the assistance of experts from Bird Conservation Nepal (BCN) and using the revised edition of Birds of Nepal (2022) as a reference. Data were systematically documented, including species, and threats characteristics. This study recorded 29 bird species across 11 orders and 23 families. The order Passeriformes exhibited the highest species richness, with 15 species from 11 families, followed by Galliformes and Coraciiformes, each with four species. Psittaciformes, Accipitriformes, Ciconiiformes, Pelecaniformes, and Strigiformes were the least represented orders, with only one species each. The Black-necked Stork was the sole near-threatened species identified, while the remaining 28 species were classified as least concern according to the IUCN Red List. Threats to avifauna, including habitat loss, urban expansion, and poaching, were identified through field observations and consultations with local stakeholders, emphasising the need for targeted conservation interventions.
Hydrogen Bonding and Reactivity Behavior of Guanosine-5′ -Diphosphate from DFT and Molecular Docking Approach
Authors: Chaudhary Manoj Kumar , Maharjan Bhupendra , Verma Gulab Singh , Shukla Rajesh Kumar
Published: February 2025

Minimum energy structure of Guanosine-5′-Diphosphate (GDP) has been obtained from DFT-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding possibility of GDP has been predicted from optimized parameters, MEP surface analysis and molecular docking approach. The hyper conjugative interaction energy has been analyzed from NBO approach and the significant interaction energy for stability of the molecule is the delocalization of lone pair electron η (1) C21→ π*(N18‒C30) and yields 271.82 kcal/mol energy. For the ligand protein interaction, the protein Cdc42 is predicted for the ligand GDP and the three PDB codes 1ANO, 1A4R and 1DOA has been taken into consideration. The Inhibition constant for 1DOA is least which emphases the most binding energy -7.2 kcal/mol. The MEP surface analysis exhibits the most negative potential across O31 and N20 whereas the positive potential cloud is seen across the hydroxyl groups (O8-H9, O3-H4, O35-H36) and amine groups (N26-H2, N23-H). These regions have significant roles in hydrogen bonding which is satisfied from the molecular docking approach.
Employees’ Performance Paradigm: A Review Envisions for Behavioral Perspectives
Authors: Luitel Madan Kumar , Poudel Rajesh Kumar
Published: February 2025

The main purpose of the study is to analyze and synthesize existing academic literature on employee performance through a behavioral lens. Systematic review and qualitative method have been adopted by this study. This study focusses on the assessment of peer-reviewed journal articles published in the last 10-35 years. The academic databases such as PubMed, JSTOR, Scopus, google Scholar and Web of social science are included. It includes studies on behavioral issues such as contextual performance, employees’ behavioral performance, organizational citizenship behavior, adoptive and helping behavior, extra role performance and non-routine job. The study also reviews the practical aspect of behavioral performance in the service sectors and the internal linkages of behavioral factor. The study excludes articles that focus solely on non-behavioral factors like task performance, routine job, technical performance and external economic conditions. This study found that the major components of employee’s behavioral performance are organizational citizenship behavior, adoptive behavior, team work, counterproductivity work behavior, emotional intelligence and proactive performance. In the future the employee’s behavioral performance is important due to present dynamism in technological advancement and job in remote and diversified working climate.
Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Big Five Factor Traits of Nepalese College Students
Authors: Devakota Surya Prasad , Khadka Ajaya Kumar , Neupane Dipendra Kumar
Published: February 2025

Finding out how the Big Five Personality Traits affected the emotional intelligence of male and female college students was the main goal of the study. 150 people (N=150) participated in the study; they were divided into 75 M and 75 F groups based on their age ranges of 18 to 22, respectively. The intended respondents complete the survey that is distributed via Google Drive. The results showed that, for males, there is no relationship between emotional intelligence and neuroticism, openness to experience, and agreeableness; on the other hand, for females, there is a relationship between emotional intelligence and extraversion, agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, as well as neuroticism and openness to experience. The survey and causal comparative design have been used.
The results also showed that there is no discernible difference between male and female college students in terms of neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience, or emotional intelligence, with the exception of conscientiousness. The study's limitations and effects have been examined and a conclusion has been reached.
Shelter Medicine Programs Support Multiple AAVMC Competency Domains: A Survey of Shelter Medicine Programming at AVMA-Accredited Colleges
Authors: Dalrymple Aimee M. , DeTar Lena G. , Weisent Jennifer , Kreisler Rachael E.
Published: February 2025

Shelter medicine is a veterinary specialty that intersects with primary care, community practice, and animal welfare. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the availability of formal (for-credit) education in shelter medicine at American Veterinary Medical Association-accredited colleges of veterinary medicine (CVMs). A 24-question survey, available from July to September 2023, was distributed to targeted faculty members at each CVM. A total of 43 of 54 colleges responded (80%). Formal education in shelter medicine was offered by 38 (88%) institutions. The median shelter medicine program starting year was 2012 (interquartile range [IQR] 2007–2017) and program duration was a median of 12 years (IQR 6–16). The median number of Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges competency domains addressed through shelter medicine program instruction in colleges with formal shelter medicine education was 7/9 (IQR 4–8); the mode was 9/9. Responding institutions employed 118 shelter medicine faculty and instructors with a median of two shelter medicine faculty members (IQR 2–4) employed per college. In total, 30 instructors were adjuncts (25%), and only 6 of 118 (5%) were tenured. Nine of the 43 CVMs (21%) indicated that the shelter medicine program had been discontinued at some point. Lack of faculty (5/9; 56%) was the most commonly stated reason, followed by lack of a relationship with a shelter (4/9; 44%). Program instability may also be related to factors unique to shelter medicine programs, including increased faculty effort required to secure and maintain funding and community partnerships, competing demands of funders and program stakeholders, and a low proportion of tenured, boarded and permanent faculty.
أثر القيادة الروحية في الإبداع التنظيمي لدى ديوان المحاسبة في الأردن: دراسة حالة
Authors: الصباغ صفاء محمد , حجازي هيثم علي
Published: February 2025

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر القيادة الروحية في الإبداع التنظيمي لدى ديوان المحاسبة في الأردن. المنهجية: اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، تكّون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع العاملين في ديوان المحاسبة في الأردن، والبالغ عددهم (454) موظفًا وقد تم اعتبار جميع عناصر مجتمع الدراسة عينة الدراسة. وبلغ عدد الاستجابات الصالحة للتحليل (370) مفردة. النتائج: توصلت إلى عدة نتائج كان أبرزها: أن الأهمية النسبية للقيادة الروحية بكافة أبعادها (الرؤيا، الأمل/الإيمان، حب الإيثار) قد جاءت مرتفعة، وأن الأهمية النسبية للإبداع التنظيمي بكافة أبعاده (الطلاقة، المرونة، الأصالة، الحساسية للمشكلات) كانت مرتفعة أيضًا. كما أظهرت الدراسة وجود أثر ذي دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (alpha <_0.05) لممارسة القيادة الروحية بأبعادها (الرؤيا، الأمل/ الإيمان، حُب الإيثار) في الإبداع التنظيمي بأبعاده (الطلاقة، المرونة، الأصالة، الحساسية للمشكلات) لدى ديوان المحاسبة في الأردن. الخلاصة: أوصت الدراسة ببذل المزيد من الجهود لتعميق مفهوم القيادة الروحية لدى القيادات الإدارية في ديوان المحاسبة، وآلية ممارستها من خلال عقد الدورات التدريبية التي تساعد في تحقيق ذلك، وتوفير الأدبيات الخاصة بهذا المجال، وكذلك بذل المزيد من الجهود من قبل قيادة ديوان المحاسبة لاستطلاع آراء الموظفين حول رؤيا ديوان المحاسبة، ويكون ذلك من خلال فتح وتعزيز أكثر من قناة من قنوات التواصل والاتصال.
Comparison between citronella oil and clove oil additives on fuel consumption, power and torque of motorcycle
Authors: Milana M , Sulaiman A , Sugiarto T , Hidayat N , Wirdianto E , Padrigalan K E , Wisesa B U , Nasution I
Published: February 2025

The use of essential oil additives in petrol has been widely recognised to improve fuel quality because it can increase the oxygen content, which improves combustion performance in the combustion chamber. This study aims to analyse the effect of adding citronella oil and clove oil as essential oil additives into petrol fuel on fuel consumption, power and torque of motorcycles. This research was conducted through an experimental study by varying the composition of additives added to petrol fuel. Citronella and clove oil were added to petrol fuel of RON 90 in ratios of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The results confirmed that adding citronella oil could improve combustion performance better than adding clove oil. Among these ratios, the addition of 10% citronella oil gave the most significant improvement to the combustion performance of the motorcycle in all criteria: fuel consumption, power and torque.
Biomass-fueled stirling engine technology for sustainable electricity generation in remote areas of Indonesia: A review
Authors: Suprianto T
Published: February 2025

Indonesia, as the world's largest archipelagic nation, grapples with the challenge of providing equitable electricity access, particularly in remote regions. Limited infrastructure and accessibility have resulted in constrained electrical supplies for communities in these areas. This study presents a thorough literature review on the application of Stirling Engine technology fueled by biomass in addressing the power distribution challenges in remote Indonesian regions. The review focuses on the fundamental principles, advantages, and potential challenges of implementing biomass-fueled Stirling Engines in Indonesia. Economic feasibility and environmental impact assessments underscore the technology's potential. The methodology employed in this study involves a comprehensive examination of the literature, encompassing the review of scholarly articles and other pertinent publications. Findings indicate significant promise for biomass-fueled Stirling Engine technology in providing sustainable electricity solutions in Indonesia's remote, biomass-rich regions. However, challenges such as the use of specialized gases and considerations of reliability, equipment costs, maintenance, and efficiency highlight areas for further refinement. This research offers valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking sustainable energy solutions for remote electrification in Indonesia.
Modeling of an electrically driven PEM fuel cell bus
Authors: Solmaz H , Arslan T A , Kocakulak T
Published: February 2025

When the literature and the goals of the leading companies in the automotive industry are examined, it is seen that the transition to electrification and renewable energy sources in the automotive industry is inevitable. It is known that the ideal renewable energy source for mobile systems is hydrogen. The most efficient conversion of hydrogen into electrical energy occurs with PEM fuel cells. Energy efficiency and environmental pollution factors are of great importance in transportation. The use of public transportation plays a significant role in improving these factors. In this study, the effects of using PEM fuel cells on energy efficiency and hydrogen consumption in buses used in urban public transportation were examined. Models of the power, linear vehicle, control, and energy systems of the fuel cell bus were created in the MATLAB Simulink environment. In the power system model, the electric motor characteristic map is used. Vehicle speed control is provided by PID controls. In the vehicle linear model, a model of the resistance forces acting on the vehicle was created. The energy system has a fuel cell system and battery pack model. NEDC and ECE-R15 drive cycles were used to evaluate the performance parameters of the bus. With the created model, the effects of changes in parameters such as total vehicle weight, rolling resistance coefficient, gear ratio, and regenerative braking efficiency on vehicle acceleration performance and hydrogen fuel consumption were examined.
Fuel from plastic waste using the pyrolysis method
Authors: Herraprastanti E H , Ashraf M A , Wahyusari R , Alfreda D Y
Published: February 2025

This study aims to address the environmental and health hazards posed by plastic waste in Blora Regency, Indonesia, by investigating the conversion of plastic waste into fuel oil using the pyrolysis method. Specifically, it explores the potential of converting Polypropylene (PP) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) waste collected during the Eid holiday, when waste generation surges, into valuable fuel. Waste PP and HDPE plastic were collected and pyrolyzed in a reactor under varying temperatures and time durations. The fastest oil production for PP was achieved at 450°C in 300 minutes, while HDPE reached optimal oil yield at 330°C in 330 minutes. The influence of temperature and time on the volume of oil produced and the overall pyrolysis process was analyzed. The study successfully converted plastic waste into fuel oil through pyrolysis. Temperature and time significantly impacted the oil yield, with higher temperatures generating more oil but shortening the pyrolysis duration. PP and HDPE demonstrated different optimal temperatures for maximizing oil production. Utilizing pyrolysis to convert plastic waste into fuel oil offers a promising solution for managing plastic waste in Blora Regency. This approach not only reduces landfill burden and environmental pollution but also creates a valuable energy resource from a potential hazard. Further research is needed to refine the pyrolysis process for optimal efficiency and explore potential economic and environmental benefits of implementing this technology on a larger scale.
Analysis of concrete slab and ground settlement due to reach stacker and container load at Labuan Bajo Port Terminal
Authors: Sihombing S , Rodji A P , Indriasari I , Rodji Y P , Pribadi G , Darmiyanti L
Published: February 2025

The container yard is one part of the dock terminal that stores containers. The busier a dock is linear the higher the need for a container yard. So good planning is needed with a long service life. Stackers and containers reach the influential loads in container yard concrete slab planning. The weight of the reach stalker which reaches 71.8 tons and the weight of the container reaches 6 tons /m2 is an important reason to analyze how thick the safe pavement is for these loads which continue to increase along with the increase in the busyness of a pier. This study analyzed the thickness of the concrete slab and the subsidence that occurred in a container yard of 1.36 Ha with a container area of 20 feet. The analysis was carried out with a concrete quality of 30Mpa and the calculation of soil subsidence was analyzed using a geogrid that helped maintain soil stability. The results of this study obtained a safe pavement thickness of 35cm with a safe decline following SNI 8460: 2017 standards regarding soil settlement.
Inspection scheduling decision model at CNG charging station using risk-based inspection (RBI) method
Authors: Widodo E M , Munahar S , Zada N A
Published: February 2025

Most of the transportation industry is still dependent on fossil fuels. The use of fuel oil in the transportation industry has a negative impact on environmental pollution because fuel oil contains CO2. With the increasing use of fuel oil and environmental pollution problems, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is now being developed in the transportation industry. When compared to fuel oils such as gasoline, diesel, and Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), CNG emits less harmful gas during combustion. CNG distribution requires a storage device, namely a buffer storage tank which is a closed vessel to accommodate liquids and gases with different temperatures and pressures according to environmental conditions. Buffer storage tanks have a very large risk of accidents including leaks that pose a hazard of fire, explosion, and environmental pollution, which has an impact on technical and financial aspects. Seeing the risks posed by the buffer storage tank, it is necessary to take precautions, inspections, and maintenance to minimize the risk of accidents. The results are the Probability of Failure value based on Art was 1, Leakage Risk Assessment was 247.87 ft2, and Economic Consequence was $199,514.04. Based on the results of risk analysis referring to API RBI 2008 for CNG buffer storage tanks, it means that leakage consequences are 1B (low risk) and the risk value for economic consequences is 1C (medium). The remaining life of the CNG buffer storage tank shell section is 10.14 years, and that of the head section is 10.42 years. This research is expected to be able to produce an appropriate inspection scheduling decision model for CNG buffer storage tanks and recommendations for preventive actions based on leakage risk and financial aspects.
Prototype design of automated goods sorting process based on outseal PLC
Authors: Raihan R , Jauhari M F
Published: February 2025

The production process utilizing automation technology aims to enhance logistical process efficiency, diminish human errors, and elevate precision in item categorization. Accurate simulation of item sorting processes ensures the proper operation of automation systems. In the design of this automatic item sorting system, the Outseal Mega PLC serves as the controller, receiving signals from sensors and limit switches, processing information based on programmed instructions, and directing commands to the actuators. Inputs to the PLC comprise infrared sensors, metal sensors, and limit switches, each transmitting signals according to their designated functions. In the output section, DC motors and servo motors execute mechanical tasks based on PLC commands, with motor activation facilitated by relays. Through testing, it was established that the item sorting process operates in alignment with the designated design. With coordination among sensors, limit switches, and motors linked to the PLC, the system adeptly conducts item sorting with efficiency and accuracy. The prototype's function within the sorting system serves as a production line simulation for item categorization in small-scale industries. Subsequent developmental steps could encompass broader goals and scopes, incorporating measurements, monitoring, control, and analysis of various performance parameters.
Development and Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Methods for Predicting Metabolic Syndrome Among Postmenopausal Women of India
Authors: Ghosh Joyeta , Chaudhury Sudrita Roy , Singh Khusboo , Koner Samarpita
Published: February 2025

Aim: The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate the performance of machine learning methods for predicting metabolic syndrome among postmenopausal women in India. Methods: This work uses supervised machine-learning to construct a system that achieves notable accuracy. By assessing several factors, including as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, recall, F-Measure, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), Precision–Recall Curve (PRC), and Area Under the Curve (AUC), several classification methods are used to identify the best-performing classifier. Result: The prevalence of MetS among postmenopausal women was found to be 40.17%, with 19.21% of respondents exhibiting a hyperglycaemic state and 57.86% having low HDL-C levels. In the Indian setting, among the machine learning algorithms tested, the Decision Tree and Random Forest classifiers emerged as the best-performing models, achieving an accuracy of 90.22%. These models utilized the six most essential features as identified by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Key predictive factors included waist circumference (WC), serum triglyceride levels (TG), and fasting blood sugar (FBS). Conclusion: This study will play a crucial role in predicting MetS and improving the quality of life for neglected post-menopausal women. Various software like web and mobile applications can adopt this paradigm. Swift diagnosis will lower the costs of diagnosis and further complications.
Identification of Established Drugs for Contemporary Indications: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Reddy Atla Sai Keshava , Immadi Madhan Mohan , Nese Sree Dharani , Ubbala Aswini , Kumar U. Kalyan , Ugandar Rajan Ethiraj
Published: February 2025

Drug repurposing offers a cost-effective and time-efficient alternative to traditional drug development by identifying new therapeutic uses for established drugs. This study aimed to identify established drugs with potential new indications, examine changes in drug categories, and observe variations in dosage and frequency. A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months at Santhiram Medical College and General Hospital, Nandyala, across multiple specialised departments, including Neurology, Cardiology, and Gastroenterology. Patients aged 18–60 years were included, and 157 case files were analysed. Prescriptions were cross-referenced with subjective and objective evidence, excluding those aligned with either. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (Ref. No. IEC/SRMC/SRCP/RESEARCH/006/2023, dated 29.08.2023). The results identified nine contemporary-indicated drugs, with Aspirin (27.39%) and Dapagliflozin (21.01%) being the most frequent. Seven drugs, including Atorvastatin, Gabapentin, Levetiracetam, and Flupirtine maleate, showed changes in indication categories, while Sildenafil and Tadalafil retained their original categories. Aspirin demonstrated dosage modifications, and both Aspirin and Sildenafil displayed changes in frequency between old and new indications. The findings revealed notable shifts in categorisation, dosage, and frequency, offering insights into the evolving therapeutic roles of these drugs. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of drug repurposing, identifying promising candidates for new indications and emphasising the need for further clinical validation to ensure safety and efficacy. These results provide a valuable foundation for advancing drug repurposing research to benefit healthcare systems and patients.
Proximate and Phytochemical Analysis of Selected Fruit and Vegetable Peels Readily Available in Malaysia
Authors: Poddar Ruma , Ahmed Idris Adewale , Abdullah Erlina Binti , Babu Satheesh , Loh Su Peng
Published: February 2025

Fruit peels are a substantial source of nutrients and specific phytochemicals that may be efficiently utilised for the creation of nutraceuticals and to enhance food security. Waste from fruits and vegetables, especially their peels, is used to make carbon dots, biochar, edible films, and biosorbents. Although these methods are still in their infancy, these items are ecologically friendly and sustainable, and they could be useful. The aim of this research is to find out the proximate and phytochemical screening of three fruits (Banana, orange, Watermelon) and two vegetables (potato, bottle gourd) peels collecting from kitchen waste. From proximate analyze it is found that watermelon orange and bottle gourd have high value of moisture content which means this peel contains nutrients and bioactive compounds. Banana, watermelon and bottle gourd peels have high ash content value means presence of substantial mineral. Banana, bottle gourd and potato peels have good protein content means have high nutritional value. From phytochemical analysis it is found that most of the properties are present in all peels that means they have antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. The conclusion of this research is food waste, mostly consisting of fruit and vegetable peels, includes vital nutrients necessary for optimal human health.
Proyecto huerto urbano: soberanía alimentaria y habilidades socioemocionales en una colonia vulnerable de Aguascalientes México
Authors: Hernández Herrera María Teresa , Aguilar Hernández Julieta , Domínguez-Soberanes Julieta , López-Anaya José Héctor , Medrano-Medina Diego
Published: February 2025

Introducción: El artículo muestra los resultados a partir del taller de huertos urbanos en una colonia vulnerable de Aguascalientes. La literatura muestra que proyectos que involucran los ODS, así como la innovación educativa requieren de la participación de la comunidad para lograr la efectividad planteada. Metodología: La metodología que se siguió es Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP), a partir de un taller para dos grupos de niñas entre 6 y 12 años. Se llevaron a cabo actividades que cumplían con dos objetivos. Aquellos relacionados con la soberanía alimentaria y aquellos con el desarrollo personal y comunitario. Resultados: Se muestra el desarrollo de concientización sobre la soberanía alimentaria con aprendizajes en cuanto a la distinción entre sembrar, plantar y germinar, la planificación y ejecución de la siembra y aquellos relacionados con el desarrollo personal y comunitario, específicamente enfocados en el plano afectivo y en la autonomía y la responsabilidad. Discusión: Se muestra que la soberanía alimentaria debe estar anclada con experiencias y desarrollo personal para que realmente exista una participación significativa. Conclusiones:  reflexión sobre las implicaciones de talleres que sensibilicen a sus participantes en cuanto a la soberanía alimentaria y a su vez promuevan el desarrollo integral de sus participantes.
Arquitectura moderna para la Semana Internacional de Cine de Autor de Benalmádena: el Hotel Alay
Authors: Merino Gómez María Ángeles , García-Moreno Alberto E. , Boned Purkiss Francisco Javier
Published: February 2025

Introducción: Esta investigación explora la relación entre modernidad arquitectónica y cine experimental mediante el análisis de la sede de las dos primeras ediciones de la Semana Internacional de Cine de Autor de Benalmádena (SICAB, 1969-70), el Hotel Alay. Metodología: A través del estudio de los fondos documentales de las colecciones de Julio Diamante (cineasta) y Manuel Jaén Albaitero (arquitecto), donados a la Universidad de Málaga, se indaga en la conexión entre la arquitectura turística singular proyectada en la Costa del Sol en los años sesenta del pasado siglo y su capacidad para representar valores culturales de vanguardia. Resultados y Discusión: La arquitectura turística en la Costa del Sol se erigió como portavoz de una nueva modernidad arquitectónica, que trascendía los estereotipos españoles, conectaba con el carácter internacional, más allá de vinculaciones geográficas o culturales, y era capaz de ser reconocida como espacio innovador. Conclusiones: La modernidad que suponía este tipo de cine de autor, su audaz temática y su avanzada narrativa desde lo audiovisual, encontraba así acomodo y difusión en el seno de una versatilidad espacial enraizada en la modernidad arquitectónica.
In Silico Exploration of the Potential of Drugs to Cure Obesity from the Natural Product Atlas Investigated using Computer-Aided Drug Design
Authors: Alzahrani Abdulaziz
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Obesity is a result of a trifecta of poor diet. Medication for obesity falls into five categories. However, due to their severe adverse effects and low efficacy, existing pharmaceutical therapies are only marginally useful. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify natural substances that can be used to prevent and treat obesity and associated diseases. Methods: The 3D structure of pancreatic lipase (PDB ID: pancreatic lipase-colipase) was obtained from the protein data repository with a precision of 2.46. The file, in.pdb format, belongs to the Protein Data Bank. Natural chemicals, was obtained from PubChem. Pharmit software was used to generate the pharmacophore model. The co-crystallized structure served as the foundation for the pharmacophore model. Virtual screening is a drug discovery process that looks for structures with the best likelihood of binding to a therapeutic target. BioVIA Discovery Studio was utilized to identify two-dimensional interactions, whereas PyMOL was utilized to generate intricate receptor and ligand files. We analyze the ADMET properties of the chosen compounds using QikProp. We simulate molecular dynamics for 100 nanoseconds using Desmond software. Results: The Natural Product Atlas database for substances was similar to the properties of the pharmacophore model. Using the PubChem data source, 33372 chemicals were assembled into a library. Sorting 1005 identified hits by their pharmacophore-fit RMSD score resulted in the selection of the top 20 compounds from pharmacophore-based virtual screening. QikProp filtered ADMET properties. Lastly, QPlogKhsa estimated the binding to human serum albumin and provided a range of 1.5 to 1.5. Two medications, NPA002198 and NPA030453, were shown to be the most effective compounds against pancreatic lipase-colipase after lead discovery. Eigenvalues (36.4-76.4% and 25.2-69.9%). The percentage of secondary structural components in pancreatic lipase-colipase-NPA030453 was calculated to be 42.44 percent, with helical and strand rates of 16.17% and 26.26%, respectively. Hydrogen bonds were the most significant receptor-ligand interactions discovered by MD. GLY_76, PHE_77, ILE_78, ASP_79, SER_152, and PHE_215 were the most important hydrogen bonding sites in the pancreatic lipasecolipase-NPA002198 complex. Conclusion: The study found the Natural Product Atlas-approved drugs NPA002198 and NPA030453, which suppressed pancreatic lipase-colipase function. Virtual screening, docking analysis, and pharmacophore modeling was used to identify compounds with the lowest binding affinities to the target protein. We concluded that these compounds might serve as a lead chemical in the development of anti-obesity medicines. These results will benefit science by allowing researchers to develop new pharmaceuticals that can more effectively treat overweight.
THE ACTIVITY OF GLUTATHIONE REGENERATION ENZYMES IN RATS’HEPATO-CYTES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCE
Authors: Kopylchuk H. , Nykolaichuk I. , Soroka V.
Published: February 2025

In the present study, the investigation of the redox status of the glutathione system and the activity of glutathione regeneration enzymes in rats’ hepatocytes under the conditions of different protein and sucrose supplementation: the content of reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione, glutathione redox ratio, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity are presented. During the experiment, the experimental animals consumed a semi-synthetic diet AIN-93 in accordance with the recommen-dations of the American Institute of Nutrition. Isolation of hepatocytes was performed by non-enzymatic method with Hanks' solution with the addition of 2 mM EDTA. The concentration of the reduced glutathione was investigated using Elman's reagent after the deproteinization of the samples on a CARY 60 spectrophotometer (USA) at a wavelength of 412 nm. To determine the content of oxidized glutathione, zinc dust was added to the reaction mixture in order to convert the oxidized form to the reduced one. Glutathione reductase activity in hepatocytes was determined by the oxidation rate of NADPH+•H+. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was investigated by NADP+ reduction rate at 340 nm. A maximum decrease in GSH content (at 4.5 times compared to control) with a simultaneous increase in GSSG levels (at 12 times compared with control) in rats’ hepatocytes was found under the conditions of consumption of excessive sucrose content on the background of deficiency of dietary protein. These results are characterized by a significant decrease in the glutathione redox ratio and indicates a disruption of the redox balance in the conjugate conversion system GSH ↔ GSSG. Deficiency of dietary protein leads to the activation of glutathione regeneration enzymes - glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in rats’ hepatocytes, which is probably aimed at maintaining a stable level of GSH under the conditions of disruption of its synthesis in γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase reaction. Excessive consumption of sucrose is a key factor in reducing the activity of the studied enzymes in rats’ liver cells, which leads to the blocking of the first stage of the pentose phosphate cycle. Therefore, the decrease in the amount of NADPH, as a consequence of the established changes, can be considered as one of the reasons for the decrease in the content of reduced glutathione in animals’ liver cells under the experimental conditions.
HEMIN, CARBON MONOXIDE AND ITS DONOR AFFECT THE METABOLISM OF AN ISOLATED HEART UNDER CONDITIONS OF ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION
Authors: Beschasnyi S. , Hasiuk O.
Published: February 2025

Hemoxygenases play an important role in protecting cells from stressors and provide intracellular catabolism of heme-containing proteins. The activity of hemoxygenase is responsible for the formation of endogenous carbon mon-oxide (CO). In small amounts, CO is known to activate soluble guanylate cyclase, thus performing cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic functions. To date, CO donor compounds, which can be used as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic drugs, are promising for studying their effects on the body. Their effects on the cardiovascular system deserve special attention. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of hemoxygenase inducer-1, gaseous CO and CO donor compound on the metabolism of the isolated heart under ischemia-reperfusion conditions. The effects of hemoxygen-ase inducer hemin, CO donor (CORM-2) and dissolved for 30 min with Krebs-Henseleit perfusion solution was inves-tigated in laboratory mice. Retrograde perfusion of isolated hearts (with perfusion-reperfusion periods) was per-formed to reveal the effect of the studied compounds on the heart. During perfusion we recorded cardiac electrogram, coronary volumetric velocity, determined the content of glucose, calcium, creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the solution drained from the heart, and determined the degree of ischemic damage. Stimulation of hemoxy-genase with hemin did not result in significant fluctuations in myocardial glucose intake during perfusion and early reperfusion, aspartate aminotransferase levels were not elevated during perfusion and early reperfusion, and the R-R interval was stable during perfusion and ischemia. However, at the end of reperfusion, there was myocardial calcium deposition and creatinine level increased. The degree of ischemic damage after reperfusion did not differ from con-trol. Perfusion solution from CO showed vasodilator effect, CORM-2 – vasoconstrictor effect. CO also resulted in Ca2+ deposition at the end of reperfusion. On the contrary, CORM-2 led to its release. CO decreased creatinine level in perfusion solution, while CORM-2 increased its level only at the beginning of reperfusion. CO and CORM-2 did not increase AST release. CO at the beginning of perfusion and during ischemia decreased the amplitude of the R wave-form, although it increased and shortened the R-R interval during reperfusion. CORM-2 lengthened the interval. CO and CORM-2 decreased the area of ischemic myocardial damage.
MONITORING OF BIODIVERSITY ON THE EXAMPLES FISH FAUNA RESEARCH AS A BASIS FOR NATURE RESERVE FUND OBJECTS CREATION AND IT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Roman A. , Nakempii O.
Published: February 2025

At this stage of society development, the impact on nature has reached a critical level. In order to reduce the nega-tive consequences, the UN Summit approved 17 Sustainable Human Development Goals, which include a block on environmental protection. Ukraine, having undertaken a number of commitments, is also implementing an environ-mental strategy, one of the main criteria of which is the expansion of the environmental network. The purpose of this work is to conduct test monitoring studies of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the fish population in the Desna riverbed, its current state analysis and main trends as a basis for creating new, expanding and sustainable development of existing nature reserves. It is established that the current Desna riverbed ichthyofauna is represented by 42 (43 together with the Ukrainian brook lamprey) species out of 47 generally known for the river basin. Totally 18 of them are protected by the Red Book of Ukraine (10 species) or are listed in resolution 6 of the Berne Convention (10 species). This reservoir is too perspective in terms of creating new and expanding existing areas of nature reserves. In addition, the Desna riverbed has not been critically affected by hydropower engineering on the Dnieper, nor has it been subjected to significant pressure from invasive species. They are presented by Silver carp, Stone moroko and Chinese sleeper. However, their number is low and they are concentrated mainly in floodplains. Neolymnetics, represented by the family Gobiidae, are actively expanding Desna riverbed. For Racer goby and Western tubenose goby the maximum colonization speed at 80 km per year are established. The biological diversity monitoring is carried out at two stations within the Mezyn NNP revealed significant fluctuations in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the fish population and proved the low efficiency of sporadic studies of ichthyofauna. Instead, having demonstrated the high efficiency of conducting regular monitoring studies. The ob-tained results indicate that the monitoring of the state of biological diversity on the example of ichthyofauna is an effective and necessary tool both at the stages of planning and creation of nature reserves and at the stage of their functioning. The best results can be obtained by applying both preliminary (before the creation of NPF facilities) and current (for effective management of the existing NPF facility) monitoring of biological diversity. Regular use of such "primitive" fishing gear as nets allows to obtain valuable scientific data necessary for the implementation of an effec-tive strategy for environmental management.