bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Проблеми формування історичного мислення у процесі навчання (на прикладі теми «Післявоєнна відбудова і розвиток України в 1945 – початку 50-х років»)
Authors: Комаров Володимир Олексійович
Published: May 2022

Висвітлено проблему формування історичного мислення у процесі навчання (на прикладі теми «Післявоєнна відбудова і розвиток України в 1945 – початку 50-х років»).
Розвиток мислення дев’ятикласників на уроках правознавства
Authors: Комаров Володимир Олексійови
Published: May 2022

Досліджено проблему розвитку мислення дев’ятикласників на уроках правознавства.
Историческое мышление как исследовательская проблема
Authors: Комаров Володимир Олексійови
Published: May 2022

Висвітлено питання історичного мислення.
Під патронатом колгоспної системи: правове становище селянських дітей-сиріт у постголодоморному селі (1933–1936 рр.)
Authors: Романець Наталя Радомирівна
Published: May 2022

У статті досліджено систему колгоспного патронату і новостворені дитячі будинки у сільській місцевості, які перетворилися на своєрідні табори смерті, із яких не було порятунку. Але для більшовицької влади головним стало те, що у подібних резерваціях селянські діти помирали подалі від сторонніх очей, непомітно для інших громадян країни Рад, що продовжували будівництво соціалізму на одній шостій земної кулі.
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC PREREQUISITES FOR ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: LIUBOKHYNETS Larysa , KATKOVA Tetyana , KRAVCHYK Yurii ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study is to introduce the author’s methodological approach to analyze the prerequisites for economic security of industrial enterprises, the formation on this basis of conclusions for priority areas of policy to strengthen it. The urgency of the problem of development of methods of analysis, monitoring and diagnostics of economic security of industrial enterprises is revealed. It is argued that the observation of the financial and economic condition of the enterprise allows to identify the prerequisites for the economic security of the industrial enterprise. The practical significance of the study is that the indicators of financial and economic condition of the industrial enterprise are revealed; the results of the analysis of the general economic and investment activity of the industrial enterprise are given; indicators of profitability and capital turnover of an industrial enterprise are analyzed; the characteristic of indicators of solvency and structure of assets of the industrial enterprise is resulted; the capital structure is revealed and the potential of the industrial enterprise to compensate for its possible losses is assessed. The obtained results are characterized from the standpoint of prerequisites for ensuring the economic security of an industrial enterprise. The comparative characteristics of financial and economic indicators of the enterprise and average industry values are given. Problematic aspects of economic security of an industrial enterprise have been identified. The scientific novelty of the study is that the methodological approach to the analysis of economic security of an industrial enterprise has been further developed, namely the method of analyzing the financial and economic prerequisites for ensuring the economic security of an industrial enterprise has been developed. Research methods – structural-logical and semantic analysis, statistical analysis, quantitative and qualitative comparison.
IMPROVING THE WEBSITE AS THE MAIN TOOL OF E-BUSINESS
Authors: IVANCHENKOVA Larysa , TKACHUK Halyna , MARKOVA Tetiana ,   Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies
Published: May 2022

The article defines the essence of e-business, identifies the main forms of trade transactions via the Internet. It is noted that e-business is directly related to information and communication technologies, focused on achieving a specific goal of the business entity, through information technology, and is a specific system. The main types and characteristics of websites as the main tool of e-business are identified: business card site, company website with product catalog, online stores, news search portals, information portals, web-sites of goods accounting, accounting. The main opportunities for using the website to run a business, which allows the company to create and deploy information resources of the organization, accelerate user access to information at any time, conduct advertising campaigns, integrate information resources with resources of suppliers, business partners and global information resources. We analyzed U.S. statistics that prove the value of a website, and say that 85% of people in the world conduct online research on a product or service before reviewing or buying it, and trust online reviews as well as personal recommendations, when As a result, businesses can lose 22% to 70% of potential customers, when placing negative articles on the first pages of search, and before deciding to work with the client, more than half of Americans searched for information on Google. Based on statistics, the most effective methods of improving the website were identified: measuring the effectiveness of the company’s website, improving visibility through search engine optimization, investing in search marketing, improving digital strategy, creating an online plan and personalization.
RESOURCE SYNERGY OF NETWORK COOPERATION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL STRUCTURES: FACTORS AND CONDITIONS OF ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: STADNYK Valentyna , HRYZOVSKA Lilija , GADZHUK Maksym ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: May 2022

The article highlights the problematic aspects of the functioning of business structures of Ukraine in the war and the future recovery period, It is emphasized that maintaining their viability requires new models of economic cooperation. They must meet the paradigm of the knowledge economy and ensure the achievement of sustainable development goals. In their organizational basis, new business models should be based on the potential of human interaction in the creation and use of new knowledge that can be embodied in competitive products and services in the global market. It is argued that such models of economic cooperation are network business partnerships, which are formed by integrating business structures along the chains of consumer value. The advantages of network business partnership in two spheres are systematized: direct resource supply and formation of organizational conditions for achieving resource synergy. Emphasis is placed on changing the dispositions of participants within the organizational shell of the business network – an individual participant is transformed from a resource (a means by which the desired result is achieved in the chain of consumer value) to a business development partner. Understanding by network members of their role in ensuring the effectiveness of the created business model determines their organizational behavior, makes it competitive. This contributes to the accumulation of an important intangible resource to achieve resource synergy – network organizational capital. The conditions under which the business network will be stable and efficient are indicated. They belong to the motivational function of management and provide an assessment of the valence of the motives of the participants. It is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of cooperation, in which the motivation of participants to develop overall competitiveness will outweigh the motivation of separate management.
EVALUATION OF INFORMATION PROCESSES OF MANAGEMENT OF BUSINESS ENTITIES
Authors: LUKIANOVA Valentyna , POLOZOVA Valentyna ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the evaluation of information processes of management of business entities (enterprises). The purpose of the article is to substantiate the methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of the information management process through the evaluation of information procedures of certain areas of the enterprise with subsequent practical testing of this technique. The need to assess the quality of management information processes, which determine the quality and efficiency of development and management decision-making processes and directly affect the effectiveness of the operation and efficiency of the enterprise as a whole. It is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of information processes through the effectiveness of certain areas of activity of the business entity. In our opinion, indicators of the effectiveness of the information process of enterprise management should be formed into three groups: indicators of the financial sphere; indicators of the labor sphere; indicators of the production sphere. The effectiveness of the information management process was evaluated using data for 2018-2020 of one of the Ukrainian industrial enterprises. The forecast of separate partial indicators of an estimation is carried out, tendencies of changes of indicators are revealed. The use of the proposed methodology allowed to identify problem areas and suggest specific areas in the context of the information strategy of the enterprise to improve the efficiency of information processes in various areas of the entity. Thus, the proposed and tested method of evaluating the effectiveness of information through the effectiveness of certain areas of the enterprise allows to identify problems with the effectiveness of information procedures and identify areas of tactical change, as well as to address solutions to problems identified in developing information strategy.
METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND SPECIFICS OF MANAGEMENT OF SYSTEMIC DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   West Ukrainian National University, STAHIV Oleg
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study, to determine the specifics, as well as to build a system of management elements for the systemic development of health care facilities. The urgency of the problem of development of theoretical and methodological bases of research of management of system development of health care institutions is revealed. Scientific approaches to the essential interpretation of development management at the micro level are generalized. The specifics and features of the management of systemic development of health care enterprises are identified. The system of principles of management of systemic development of health care institutions is identified and their essential and content characteristics are revealed. The structural elements and the algorithm of management of system development of the enterprise which specialize in rendering of services in the field of public health services are defined. The semantic characteristics of such elements as economic interests of business management entities (owners, investors, founders, managers, personnel, external contractors, consumers), principles, functions, methods, strategy and tactics, management mechanisms and tools, management objects, implemented measures, and their results. The applied significance of the research results is to build a system (and its structure) of elements that together provide management of systemic development of health care facilities. The scientific novelty of the research results is the identification of such specific features of the management of systemic development of health care enterprises as principles (emphasis on the formation of a management culture focused on quality satisfaction of medical and diagnostic needs of clients (human-centeredness), focus of management actions on increasing quantitative and improving the structural and qualitative results of medical and diagnostic services (synergy), parity attention to the implementation of the policy of external social responsibility, including the education of a healthy society (external social responsibility), methods (traditionally, administrative management methods are preferred, while as the health care system is reformed, the role of economic and socio-psychological) and tools (mechanisms and tools for management and decision-making should be based on modern information technologies through the automation of medical records and medical information management; transformation of classical management mechanisms towards market on the basis of development of contractual relations (health care institution – client; state – health care institution)) for development.
Una nueva especie del género Favartia Jousseaume,
1880 (Mollusca: Neogastropoda: Muricidae)
de isla de Sao Vicente, Cabo Verde
Authors: Espinosa José , Ortega Jesús , Moro Leopoldo
Published: May 2022

Se describe una nueva especie del género Favartia Jousseaume, 1880
(Mollusca: Neogastropoda: Muricidae) de la isla de Sao Vicente, Cabo Verde
Problems of land relations modernization in Ukraine
Authors: Sabluk Petro
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the article is to highlight and substantiate the theoretical provisions of land relations in improving agricultural production. Research methods. The research was based on theoretical provisions on the characteristics of land relations in market conditions and agricultural land use in the agro-industrial sector of Ukraine. The research goal was to achieve general scientific methods of production management and knowledge of the processes of formation of industrial land relations. Research results. Knowledge of the specifics of the agricultural sector, the actual state of rural life, involvement in the process of a qualitatively new state of the economy - the land market is evidence that the market economy is self-supporting and determines: comparison of costs with sales revenue; allows free enterprise, independence, responsibility and interest of the manufacturer; carrying out the activities of the business entity in the centre of which the person works and his vital social protection. Scientific novelty. Strategic principles of reforming land relations in the country's agricultural production have been developed as prerequisites for their rational organization at the current management stage in rural areas. Practical significance. Application of theoretical provisions of land relations, their reform and formation as a transformation process in agricultural production. The study results are identified as influential factors in the formation of the land market in the new economic conditions. Refs.: 21.
Professionals’ Treatment Preferences in the Prodromal Phase of Parkinson’s Disease: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: van den Heuvel Lieneke , Hoefsloot Wibe , Post Bart , Meinders Marjan J. , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Stiggelbout Anne M. , van Til Janine A.
Published: May 2022

Background: In Parkinson’s disease (PD), several disease-modifying treatments are being tested in (pre-)clinical trials. To successfully implement such treatments, it is important to have insight into factors influencing the professionals’ decision to start disease-modifying treatments in persons who are in the prodromal stage of PD. Objective: We aim to identify factors that professionals deem important in deciding to a start disease-modifying treatment in the prodromal stage of PD. Methods: We used a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to elicit preferences of neurologists and last-year neurology residents regarding treatment in the prodromal phase of PD. The DCE contained 16 hypothetical choice sets in which participants were asked to choose between two treatment options. The presented attributes included treatment effect, risk of severe side-effects, risk of mild side-effects, route of administration, and annual costs. Results: We included 64 neurologists and 18 last year neurology residents. Participants attached most importance to treatment effect and to the risk of severe side-effects. Participants indicated that they would discuss one of the presented treatments in daily practice more often in persons with a high risk of being in the prodromal phase compared to those with a moderate risk. Other important factors for deciding to start treatment included the amount of evidence supporting the putative treatment effect, the preferences of the person in the prodromal phase, and the life expectancy. Conclusion: This study provides important insights in factors that influence decision making by professionals about starting treatment in the prodromal phase of PD.
Synthesis, characterization of dialkylated erythrosin B derivatives and their utility as a propitious anti-microbial agent
Authors: Sandhu Navjot , Singh Atul Pratap , Pandey Satish K , Ghule Vikas D. , Tittal Ram Kumar , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Shrivastava Rahul
Published: May 2022

The development of small molecule based drugs as an antimicrobial agent is an important area of research nowadays. In the present work, two new molecular entities based on dialkylated erythrosin B has been synthesized via Arbuzov type of rearrangement using dialkyl sulphite as a reagent in the presence of Et3N. Ethyl and methyl based dialkylated derivatives of erythrosin B were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS data. Keeping in mind the biological safety of erythrosin B, synthesized derivatives were checked for their antimicrobial activity against the microbial strains Escherichia coli (E.coli). The two were found to be effective against the E. coli with the antimicrobial activity similar to that of Ampicillin. Further, the trend of antimicrobial activity has been supported by DFT data analysis and it was observed that compound, B with low HOMO (–5.93 eV) and LUMO (–3.11 eV) energies is a better antimicrobial agent than compound A.
Ein diskretes Universum als Vorschlag zur Vereinheitlichung der Physik
Authors: Araújo Leonardo Oliveira de
Published: May 2022

Dieser Artikel passt in den Kontext der Forschungen zu allgemeinen Formulierungen der Physik, die zufriedenstellende Antworten für die Vereinheitlichung der Theorien der Quantenmechanik und der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie vorschlagen, und trägt zusätzlich zu den Studien bei, die sich einer diskreten Struktur der Raumzeit und einer Quantentheorie nähern zur Schwerkraft. Ziel ist es, eine Primärstruktur darzustellen, in der Materie und Raumzeit als mögliche Anordnungen entstehen, kompatibel mit dem beobachtbaren Universum und mit den beiden genannten großen Theorien. Die Methodik basiert auf der Discrete Wavelet Transform, einem weit verbreiteten mathematischen Werkzeug im Bereich der Signalverarbeitung, mit dem die Primärstruktur modelliert wird, aus der sich Raumzeit und Teilchen ableiten. In diesem Vorschlag werden Ver Einigungsbemühungen verwendet, aus denen sich die Stringtheorien und die Loop-Quantengravitation zusammensetzen. Die Ergebnisse ermöglichen es, das gestellte Ziel zu erreichen und zusätzlich Dunkle Energie und Dunkle Materie zu modellieren. Zusätzlich wird eine experimentelle Beobachtung vorgeschlagen, um diesen Vorschlag zu validieren.
Дискретная вселенная как предложение по объединению физики
Authors: Araújo Leonardo Oliveira de
Published: May 2022

Эта статья вписывается в контекст исследования общих формулировок физики для размышлений о теориях общей квантовой механики и общей теории относительности.Гравитация была углублена исследованиями, которые приближаются к дискретно дискретной структуре временной сети. Цель состоит в том, чтобы представить первичную структуру, в которой материя и пространство-время возникают как возможные и наблюдаемые сочетания двух упомянутых великих теорий. Методология основана на дискретном вейвлет-преобразовании, широко распространенной области первичной математической обработки, используемой для моделирования структуры времени-времени и образования частиц. В этом предложении используются конкретные усилия по объединению, подобные Gravity of String Theory. Полученные результаты позволяют решить поставленную задачу и дополнительно моделировать темную энергию и темную материю. Кроме того, планируется экспериментальное наблюдение для проверки предложения.
Optimización del diseño geométrico de la vía de acceso al AETCR “Tierra Grata” usando modelos desarrollados en aplicaciones bajo metodología BIM
Authors: Galindo González J.C. , Orozco Ospino J.E. , Cantillo Salas G. , Gómez Brito C.
Published: May 2022

Los antiguos espacios territoriales de capacitación y reincorporación (AETCR), tienen en común que se ubican en zonas rurales que carecen de vías de acceso y servicios de saneamiento básico. Se consideró aquí analizar los estudios desarrollados y diseños propuestos por otros autores para la construcción del pavimento de la vía de acceso al AETCR “Tierra Grata” ubicado en el municipio de La Paz – Cesar, con el fin de elaborar una propuesta de optimización del trazado del diseño geométrico inicial, desarrollando modelos en aplicaciones bajo metodología BIM que permitieron aplicar ajustes de parámetros adoptados en las iteraciones conducidas. Si bien la propuesta desarrollada resultó en el incrementó en 120 metros de la extensión del corredor vial, se validó la optimización del diseño geométrico a través del análisis de la variación de cantidades con relación al diseño inicial. El volumen de material de corte de terreno y de los componentes de acero y concreto para obras de drenaje se redujeron 45 %, 57 % y 74 %, respectivamente. Las cantidades de curvas tanto verticales como horizontales resultantes, al igual que las señales de tránsito, no registraron cambios significativos. Las variaciones obtenidas indican que la optimización alcanzada tuvo una incidencia entre media y alta.
‘Small Existential Fractures and an Interrogative Relationship with the World’: An Existentialist Reading of Frances Hardinge’s A Face Like Glass
Authors: Boal Marianne O’Kane
Published: May 2022

Philosophical approaches to children’s literature constitute a burgeoning area of the field. This article focuses on the existentialist dimension of A Face Like Glass by Frances Hardinge. The Heideggerian existentialist analysis of the novel examines the ambiguity of childhood, its temporality, adult–child power relations, existential fractures, and potency. In this radical fantasy, the positive power of a protagonist who privileges her being-with-others can transform social inequality. This moral fantasy tale links to contemporary society, referencing complex political and social issues, and cautions against extreme societal control.
INFLUENCE OF THE IDEAS OF ARIANS ON THE FORMATION OF EUROPEAN CULTURE AND STATEHOOD
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russian Federation, ALI HASSAN
Published: May 2022

Based on a socio-philosophical analysis, the article examines one of the early currents of Christianity - Arianism in the context of the influence of its basic ideas on the formation of Western culture and statehood. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the perception of God and the world in Arianism and their influence on cultural and religious practices and forms of relationship between the authorities and the church. To achieve the goal, a number of tasks were set related to the study of the specifics of asceticism that arose in Europe under the influence of Arianism, the socio-psychological consequences of celibacy, which determined the characteristics of Western Christian culture and had a significant impact on modern Western culture. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of the factors that determined the subordinate role of the state structures of the Western state formations of the Catholic Church. Based on the methods of comparative analysis, systemic and dialectical approaches, the ideas of Arianism are analyzed in comparison with existing approaches to the interpretation of the ideas of the singularity of God the Creator and determining the status of God the Son. The influence of the philosophy of Neoplatonism and Stoicism on the basic ideas of Arianism is revealed. The study shows the influence of the ideas of Arianism on the formation of ideas about the filioque, which determined the dual nature of Western European culture. It is substantiated that the confrontational nature of Arianism gives rise to special ideas about the significance of asceticism, which further lead to the conviction of the need to extend celibacy to all ministers of the church, which. in turn, it gives rise to a situation of exaltation and psychological instability, the perception of reality as a war between the forces of good and evil, in which the Devil is extremely active and carries out a “personal hunt” for each of the clergy. In its extreme versions, this gave rise to psychological stress, which led to the need to relieve tension, including in perverse and illegal ways. Indirectly, these attitudes also stimulated interest in homosexuality and its further widespread distribution in Western European culture. Overestimation of the status of church authorities led to underestimation, and in some cases to direct confrontation with secular state power.
PARLIAMENTARISM IN THE SYSTEM OF ENSURING THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF MODERN RUSSIA
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, KERIMOV ALEXANDER ,   Karachay-Circassian Republican Institute of Advanced Training of Educational Workers, Cherkessk, Russian Federation, SHEBZUKHOVA FATIMA
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the definition of the role and importance of parliamentarism in ensuring the national security of modern Russia. The identified problems involve the consideration of such key points as the definition of possible directions of the parliament’s activities to ensure national security, including through the prism of the legitimacy of the parliamentary institution itself, as well as the analysis of the features of the formation and functioning of the parliamentary system, creating difficulties in the implementation of the global task of ensuring national security. On the basis of various approaches, factors that reduce the effectiveness of parliamentary activity are analyzed, key features of institutionalization and functioning that negatively affect the perception of parliamentary institutions by society are identified. A set of measures to increase the legitimacy of parliamentarism and the effectiveness of its institutions is proposed. Attention is also paid to the problems of political responsibility of the ruling elite, concrete measures and mechanisms are proposed to improve the institution of political responsibility, which ultimately should lead to the activation of the activities of parliamentary institutions to ensure national security.
DEFINITION AND ANALYSIS OF THE GOALS OF EXTERNAL PARTICIPANTS IN THE FORMATION OF THE PARENT COMPANY PROJECT PORTFOLIO
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, SOROKINA LYUDMILA
Published: May 2022

Purpose of research: To show that the practice of functioning of production industries indicates the relevance of conducting pre-project analysis and improving its quality in terms of identifying the interests of all participants in the formation of the project portfolio of the parent company; to improve the identification of conflict situations; to suggest approaches to goal-setting and pre-project analysis of the goals of the subjects of the formation of the project portfolio. The results. The external contour of the subjects influencing the formation of the project portfolio of the parent company is highlighted. Tools for conducting pre-project analysis and determining the objectives of the subjects are proposed. The objectives of the subjects are identified and systematized. A mathematical description of both qualitative and quantitative goals is developed and proposed. Their analysis is carried out and typical conflict situations that arise during the formation of a project portfolio are identified. An approach to resolving the identified conflicts is proposed. The practical significance it is manifested by increasing the accuracy of the formation of a portfolio of projects for the medium and long term, timely identification and resolution of conflict situations and the formation of informed decisions by the manager about the need to expand/modernize/reorganize production.
BELL-INEQUALITY AND TWO SLIT EXPERIMENTS: COMPARING MISAPPLICATION OF CLASSICAL PROBABILITY BY FEYNMAN AND BELL
Authors:   Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden, KHRENNIKOV ANDREY ,   International Center for Mathematical Modeling in Physics and Cognitive Sciences Vaxjo
Published: May 2022

We start with the discussion on misapplication of classical probability theory by Feynman in his analysis of the two slit experiment (by following the critical argumentation of Koopman, Ballentine, and the author of this paper). The seed of Feynman’s conclusion on the impossibility to apply the classical probabilistic description for the two slit experiment is treatment of conditional probabilities corresponding to different experimental contexts as unconditional ones. Then we move to the Bell type inequalities. Bell applied classical probability theory in the same manner as Feynman and, as can be expected, he also obtained the impossibility statement. In contrast to Feynman, he formulated his no-go statement not in the probabilistic terms, but by appealing to nonlocality. This note can be considered as a part of the author’s attempts for getting rid off nonlocality from quantum physics.
Using Social Psychology’s ABC Triad to Transcend Trauma: Improving on the Homeostatic State
Authors: Vega Luis A. , Zamora Richard , Lee Yeunjoo , Estrada-Rodriguez Zeltzin , Rhodes Sarah , Mun Taeyoung , Watson Jacob
Published: May 2022

We examined the process by which individuals can transcend traumatic events, given the increased frequency of cataclysmic events such as global pandemics, food/shelter insecurity, risks to personal safety, and economic inequality duress. Trauma-informed approaches have begun to emerge but empirical evidence, methodological considerations, and theory have been scarce. In this review we (a) assess and quantify trauma outcome measures on qualitative and quantitative dimensions; (b) examine current research approaches’ use of the ABC Triad in social psychology, which considers affect (A), behaviors (B), cognitions (C), and perceptions (influenced by person/situation dynamics); (c) elaborate on a transcendence theory of trauma, showing how the theory meets scientific rigor of being predictive, testable, and falsifiable (Popper, 1949). Our analyses show that a value-added approach for trauma outcome measures is required in qualitative research, with quantitative and higher precision measures possible in pre/post designs, random assignment group comparisons, and comparable standards criterion such as norming. The transcendence trauma theory is assessed in a qualitative model fit approach using a case study, revealing good fit and showing that both descriptive and explanatory processes are needed to overcome trauma beyond recovery or a homeostatic state. Transcendence, it is shown, requires proactivity and oppositional interventions to the traditional coping processes of trauma. The multivariate nature of trauma is examined through person (dispositional) perceptions and situational influences, such as cultural orientation of self-focus (individualistic) and other-focus (collectivistic) support systems that can reduce the effects of trauma. Finally, we call for an increased effort by the scientific community, civic groups, and national governments to ameliorate the effects of trauma in vulnerable populations.
Effects of the Use of the Information and Communication Technology on Social Participation in Older Adults: Review of Literature
Authors: Miyadera Ryosuke
Published: May 2022

Purpose: With the aging of the population, the development of Information and communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure and education systems attention is being paid to that can maintain social network in older adults. The objective of the review was to explore how effects of ICT use on social participation.

Participants and Methods: The studies included in this literature review were searched in three databases: PubMed®, MEDLINE with Full Text, CINAHL® with Full Text, Educational Resource Information Center, eBook Collection (ERIC). English language articles were searched using the terms ‘older adults’, ‘information and communication technology’, ‘internet’, ‘information literacy’, ‘social networking’, and “social participation”.

Results: A total of 22 papers met the inclusion criteria, findings were fourfold, suggesting that: (i) more research is focused on the uses of internet technology, social network, digital health (ii); social participation was evaluated by ICT use, loneliness, social network, sociodemographic; (iii) the technology of using ICT is related to the growth background of the older adults; and (iv) improving device operability contributes to increased ICT acceptance.

Conclusion: Results suggest a need for studies that examine new and innovative forms of technology and meaningful of ICT use, highlighting the importance of learning skill of ICT use as one way to encourage social participation in older adults.

Key words: Information and communication technology, older adults, social participation
Bridging the BAME Attainment Gap: Student and Staff Perspectives on Tackling Academic Bias
Authors: Rana Karan S. , Bashir Amreen , Begum Fatehma , Bartlett Hannah
Published: May 2022

The Higher Education attainment gap between BAME students and their White peers is well documented. The cause of this gap is multifactorial, and there is a need to understand contributing factors to support the design of meaningful interventions. This study aimed to probe student and staff understanding of what contributes to the attainment gap and to collect feedback on how to reduce it. Qualitative data were collected from 110 STEM students (95% BAME and 75% female) and 20 staff (70% BAME and 80% female) from Universities in the West Midlands and Londonviaone-to-one interviews and focus groups. Questions were developed across themes of support, inclusivity, and development. Transcripts were subjected to inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Key findings included: the need for cultural awareness and representation within student support services and pastoral care provision and tailored support for students who were the first in their families to attend university. Students also felt the academic staff disproportionally represent their backgrounds, leading to a sense of not belonging amongst BAME students. BAME staff felt like tokens for diversity and reported having higher workloads than White staff, the social drinking culture felt isolating, participants felt that all staff should engage with cultural/religious training and diversity of academic staff should be improved through inclusive recruitment practices and mentoring. The results highlight the need for access to academic and pastoral support that is culturally sensitive to all backgrounds.
Transcriptome and TCR Repertoire Measurements of CXCR3+ T Follicular Helper Cells Within HIV-Infected Human Lymph Nodes
Authors: He Chenfeng , Malone Michael J. , Wendel Ben S. , Ma Ke-Yue , Del Alcazar Daniel , Weiner David B. , De Jager Philip L. , Del Río-Estrada Perla M. , Ablanedo-Terrazas Yuria , Reyes-Terán Gustavo , Su Laura F. , Jiang Ning
Published: May 2022

Follicular-helper T cells (TFH) are an essential arm of the adaptive immune system. Although TFH were first discovered through their ability to contribute to antibody affinity maturation through co-stimulatory interactions with B cells, new light has been shed on their ability to remain a complex and functionally plastic cell type. Due to a lack sample availability, however, many studies have been limited to characterizing TFH in mice or non-canonical tissue types, such as peripheral blood. Such constraints have resulted in a limited, and sometimes contradictory, understanding of this fundamental cell type. One subset of TFH receiving attention in chronic infection are CXCR3-expressing TFH cells (CXCR3+TFH) due to their abnormal accumulation in secondary lymphoid tissues. Their function and clonal relationship with other TFH subsets in lymphoid tissues during infection, however, remains largely unclear. We thus systematically investigated this and other subsets of TFH within untreated HIV-infected human lymph nodes using Mass CyTOF and a combination of RNA and TCR repertoire sequencing. We show an inflation of the CXCR3+TFH compartment during HIV infection that correlates with a lower HIV burden. Deeper analysis into this population revealed a functional shift of CXCR3+TFH away from germinal center TFH (GC-TFH), including the altered expression of several important transcription factors and cytokines. CXCR3+TFH also upregulated cell migration transcriptional programs and were clonally related to peripheral TFH populations. In combination, these data suggest that CXCR3+TFH have a greater tendency to enter circulation than their CXCR3- counterparts, potentially functioning through distinct modalities that may lead to enhanced defense.
Effect of Concomitant Use of Analgesics on Prognosis in Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mao Ziyang , Jia Xiaohui , Jiang Panpan , Wang Qinyang , Zhang Yajuan , Li Yanlin , Fu Xiaolan , Jiao Min , Jiang Lili , Liu Zhiyan , Guo Hui
Published: May 2022

Background

Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) pose new challenges beyond traditional pharmacodynamics in the context of optimizing the treatment options with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). To alleviate cancer-related pain, analgesics are of absolute vital importance as chronic medications used by cancer patients. However, the possible outcome of ICI treatment concomitant with analgesics remains unclear.

Methods

Original articles describing the possible influence of analgesics use on ICI treatment published before December 1, 2021 were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for objective response rate (ORR), hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI for progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the random-effects or fixed-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using the χ2-based Q-test. Publication bias was examined by funnel plot analysis.

Results

A total of 11 studies involving 4,404 patients were included. The pooled OR showed that opioid use decreased the response of opioid users to ICIs compared to non-opioid users (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.37–0.65, p < 0.001). Compared to patients who did not receive opioids, opioid users had an increased risk of progression and mortality (HR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.37–1.89, p < 0.001; HR = 1.67, 95% CI =1.30–2.14, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, the concomitant use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was not significantly associated with differences in ORR, PFS, and OS in patients treated with ICIs (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 0.84–2.32, p = 0.190; HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.77–1.06, p = 0.186; HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.71–1.14, p = 0.384, respectively).

Conclusion

The concomitant use of opioids during ICI treatment has an adverse effect on patient prognosis, while the use of NSAIDs is not significantly associated with the prognosis in patients treated with ICIs.
Association of Inflammatory Cytokines With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Duan Yamei , Pan Xiongfeng , Luo Jiayou , Xiao Xiang , Li Jingya , Bestman Prince L. , Luo Miyang
Published: May 2022

Background

Inflammatory cytokines have been considered to be significant factors contributing to the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the role of inflammatory cytokines in NAFLD remains inconclusive.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the association between inflammatory cytokines and NAFLD.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched until 31 December 2021 to identify eligible studies that reported the association of inflammatory cytokine with NAFLD and its subtypes. We pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard risk (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and conducted heterogeneity tests. Sensitivity analysis and analysis for publication bias were also carried out.

Results

The search in the databases identified 51 relevant studies that investigated the association between 19 different inflammatory cytokines and NAFLD based on 36,074 patients and 47,052 controls. The results of the meta-analysis showed significant associations for C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) with NAFLD (ORs of 1.41, 1.08, 1.50, 1.15 and 2.17, respectively). In contrast, we observed non-significant associations for interferon-γ (IFN-γ), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-II), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-7 (IL-7), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-12 (IL-12), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) with NAFLD. Our results also showed that CRP, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatic fibrosis.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that increased CRP, IL‐1β, IL-6, TNF‐α, and ICAM-1 concentrations were significantly associated with increased risks of NAFLD. These inflammatory mediators may serve as biomarkers for NAFLD subjects and expect to provide new insights into the aetiology of NAFLD as well as early diagnosis and intervention.
Phytoplankton Distributions in the Kuroshio-Oyashio Region of the Northwest Pacific Ocean: Implications for Marine Ecology and Carbon Cycle
Authors: Wang Yaoyao , Bi Rong , Zhang Jing , Gao Jiawei , Takeda Shigenobu , Kondo Yoshiko , Chen Fajin , Jin Gui’e , Sachs Julian P. , Zhao Meixun
Published: May 2022

The Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO) is a significant sink for atmospheric CO2 but a paucity of large-scale phytoplankton surveys in the upper and lower euphotic zone results in uncertainties in estimates of the efficiency of the biological carbon pump there. Here, we report the spatial distribution of lipid biomarkers from diatoms (brassicasterol/epi-brassicasterol), dinoflagellates (dinosterol), and haptophytes (C37 alkenones) as proxies of phytoplankton biomass and community structure in suspended particles from the surface and deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) layers across low- and mid-latitude regions of the NWPO. Our observations suggest that these lipid biomarkers can be used as indicators of the vertical distributions of phytoplankton biomass, which was comparable between the surface and DCM layers. Water masses with different nutrient concentrations strongly controlled the variations of lipid biomarkers, showing high biomass and the dominance of diatoms in the eutrophic Oyashio region, whereas low biomass and high proportions of dinoflagellates and haptophytes occurred in the oligotrophic Kuroshio region. Diatoms predominated in the DCM, likely enhancing carbon sequestration in the deep ocean and in sediments. Our results quantitatively demonstrate the horizontal and vertical variations of phytoplankton biomass and community structure, leading to an improved understanding of ecosystem function and biogeochemical cycles in this important region of the NWPO.
Welfare in Farmed Decapod Crustaceans, With Particular Reference to Penaeus vannamei
Authors: Albalat Amaya , Zacarias Simão , Coates Christopher J. , Neil Douglas M. , Planellas Sonia Rey
Published: May 2022

The farming of decapod crustaceans is a key economic driver in many countries, with production reaching around 9.4 million tonnes (USD 69.3 billion) in 2018. These efforts are currently dominated by the farming of Pacific whiteleg shrimp,Penaeus vannamei, which translates into approximately 167 billion farmedP. vannameibeing harvested annually. Further production growth is expected in the future and hence the need for more research into its health and welfare is required. Herein, from an extensive survey of the available literature, we scrutinise farming practices and the challenges associated with the production ofP. vannameifrom an animal-centric welfare perspective (1), we propose potential welfare indicators (2) and we critically review current scientific evidence of sentience in penaeid shrimp among other commercially important decapods (3), since it is plausible that in the near future not only the largest, but in fact all decapod crustaceans will receive welfare protection. This review highlights that despite the wide knowledge on crustacean stress physiology and immunology as well as disease control, still little is known about some key parameters related to the five welfare dimensions. We recommend that further research should focus on developing a systematic integrated welfare assessment encompassing all the different aspects of the crustaceans farming and life cycle up to slaughter. Furthermore, direct and indirect species-specific operational welfare indicators should be developed for all decapod crustaceans currently farmed, similar to the ones suggested in this review forP. vannamei.
Median Effective Analgesic Concentration of Ropivacaine in Ultrasound-Guided Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block as a Postoperative Analgesia for Proximal Humerus Fracture: A Prospective Double-Blind Up-Down Concentration-Finding Study
Authors: Liu Yang , Xu Cheng , Wang Chengyu , Gu Fei , Chen Rui , Lu Jie
Published: May 2022

Background

The innervation of the proximal humerus fracture is complicated and unclear. The use of interscalene nerve block has been effective as postoperative analgesia for patients, but the optimal concentration of usage is unknown.

Method

This study was conducted on 30 patients with ASA I or II, who were planning to undergo a proximal humerus fracture operation. A dosage of 10 ml Ropivacaine was administered for the interscalene brachial plexus block (ISBPB) as determined using the up-and-down sequential method. The initial concentration of Ropivacaine in the first patient to receive ISBPB was 0.3%. After a successful or unsuccessful postoperative analgesia, the concentration of local anesthetic was decreased or increased, respectively, by 0.05% in the next patient. We defined successful postoperative analgesia as a visual analog scale (VAS) score of < 4 at rest, within the initial 8 h after ISBPB. The analytic techniques of linear, linear-logarithmic, exponential regressions, and centered isotonic regression were used to determine the EC50 of Ropivacaine, and the residual standard errors were calculated for the comparison of “goodness of fit.”

Results

The concentration of Ropivacaine ranged from 0.1 to 0.35%. The EC50 (95% confidence interval) from 4 different statistical approaches (linear, linear-logarithmic, exponential regressions, and centered isotonic regression) were 0.222% (0.198%, 0.335%), 0.233% (0.215%, 0.453%), 0.223% (0.202%, 0.436%), and 0.232%, respectively. Among all the 4 models, the linear regression had the least residual standard error (0.1676).

Conclusion

The EC50 from the four statistical models for 10 ml Ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided ISBPB for postoperative analgesia was distributed in a narrow range of 0.222–0.233%.

Trial Registration

www.chictr.org.cn/; registration number: ChiCTR2100047231.