bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUPPLIER OF GUARANTEE: CONCEPT OR RESPONSE TO CONCEPTUAL MISTAKES ELECTRICITY REFORM
Authors:   Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, Director of International Institute of Economics, Management and Information Systems, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia, MEZHOV S. I. , YASHCHENKO A. V. ,   Candidate of Economic Sciences, General Director of Barnaul City Electric Grid, Barnaul, Russia
Published: October 2021

The article attempts to consider some of the results and approaches to reforming the electric power industry after almost two decades of the industry's functioning in the new conditions. The idea of the reform ideologists to transform the industry into the sum of individual private companies and organize their activities on a competitive basis was not fulfilled due to its complexity and specificity. The result of the transformations was a conglomerate of administrative-state with elements of a private (corporate) model of organizing energy supplies.
THE TAX SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: CONCEPT, PRINCIPLES AND STRUCTURE
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Accounting and Taxation, North Ossetian State University named after K. L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia, AGUZAROVA F. S. , TSIRIKHOVA A. R. ,   Student of the Faculty of Economics and Management, K. L. Khetagurov North Ossetian State University, Vladikavkaz, Russia
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the theoretical foundations of the tax system of the Russian Federation, its main stages of formation are given. The authors define the tax system and describe the structure. The modern system of taxes and fees assigned to each level is described in detail. He rightly notes that the tasks of the Russian tax system change in accordance with the political, economic and social requirements of a particular period.
FINANCIAL PROVISION SYSTEM FOR INVESTMENTS (on the example of the Republic of Mordovia)
Authors:   Graduate student, Mordovia State University named after N. P. Ogarev, Saransk, Russia, KHAMEES AL-SHAELI MOHAMMED HUSSEIN
Published: October 2021

The article touches upon one of the urgent topics for the development of investment activities in the region – the problem of financial support and the choice of a source of financing for capital investments. The main methods of financing are considered. On the example of the Republic of Mordovia, the main directions of financing investment activities in the region are considered, the existing problems are highlighted and the possibilities of their solution in the future are proposed.
HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AS AN OBJECT OF VALUE ASSESSMENT OF CLIENT CAPITAL
Authors:   Graduate student Department of Financial Market and Financial Institutions, Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Novosibirsk, Russia, LOMONOSOV A. V.
Published: October 2021

The article considers the peculiarities of higher education institutions in terms of valuation of client capital. The author's typology, which identifies four clusters of universities from the position of anchor client capital, is proposed. The article considers the issue of cost formation for educational service and describes four approaches used by universities in its formation. It is substantiated that the calculation of cost estimation of student client capital for entrepreneurial universities and branches is an important indicator, which can speak about the real state of affairs in the market of educational services.
SMALL AND MICROENTERPRISES AS A BASIS FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor of the Department of Production Management, Bryansk State Technical University, Bryansk, Russia, PETRUKHINA N. V.
Published: October 2021

The article highlights topical issues related to small business and microenterprises as the main subject of the region's development. The normative-legal acts in this direction are analyzed. The indicators of the turnover of small and microenterprises in the context of the subjects of the Central Federal District of Russia for 2018–2019, as well as the number of people employed in the economy, are analyzed. The infrastructural objects of support of business structures operating on the territory of the region are given. A new financial infrastructure mechanism for supporting business structures in the region is proposed. Keywords: small and microenterprises, national project, turnover, number of employees, infrastructure facilities, region, subject, umbrella guarantees.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE AMERICAN-CHINESE CONFRONTATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL INTERESTS OF RUSSIA Part 2: Anti-American activities of the PRC in confronting with the USA
Authors:   Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow Russia, GORDIENKO D. V.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the prospects for the realization of the national interests of the Russian Federation in the context of China's anti-American activities in the confrontation with the United States and the aggravation of the struggle for leadership between the United States and China. An approach is proposed to analyze the trends that determine the interdependence of the countries of the strategic triangle Russia-China-the United States; to assess the prospects for the implementation of the national interests of the Russian Federation. This allows us to give a forecast of the development of relations between the countries of the named strategic triangle. The results of the analysis can be used to justify recommendations to the leadership of our country. It is concluded that the Russian Federation, China and the United States are important partners for each other.
Death Anxiety in Hemodialysis Patients before and during the Outbreak of COVID-19: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Javed Saira , Bangash Shavana Sahar , Sharf Nafeesa , Samman Bushra , Alvi Talha
Published: October 2021

Objective: To study the occurrence of death anxiety among hemodialysis patients before and during COVID-19.Study Design: Longitudinal study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out from November 2019 to May 2020 at Pakistan KidneyPatients Association, Rawalpindi.Materials and Methods: Data was collected, with formal written consent,from hemodialysis patients, throughconvenient sampling technique in two phases. In phase I, pre COVID 19 pandemic period data of 110 subjectsand inphase II, COVID 19 pandemic era, data of 83 subjectswerecollected. Demographic variablesand deathanxiety scale were used for descriptive analysis.Results: The study results have shown that patients, in the pre pandemic period, had mild level of death anxiety,despite having comorbid chronic illnesses like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, depression and hepatitis.However, during COVID 19 pandemic death anxiety experienced among the participants, ranged between mildto severe level.Conclusion: The surge in new cases of COVID-19 and deaths, together with the barrage of information to whichpopulation is submitted through media, care takers and doctors has influenced the mentality of patients,resulting into variation in death anxiety among hemodialysis patients. It is concluded that occurrence of deathanxiety before and during COVID -19 influence the mental health of patients.
Empathy among Medical Students Studying Different Curricula: A Comparative Study
Authors: Imran Shezadi Sabah , Umer Ariba , Khan Asifa , Bibi Bushra , Zainab Aqsa , Rahim Anam
Published: October 2021

Objective: To determine and compare empathy among medical students, studying two different curricula.Study Design: Cross Sectional.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Community Medicine of WahMedical College, Wah Cantt from January 2018 to June 2018.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on second and fourth year MBBS students. The sample sizewas 90, calculated by Open Epi calculator and the students were selected by using stratified random samplingtechnique. A data collection tool comprised of two parts; demographic information about the individual wascollected in the first part and second part was based on Toronto Empathy Questionnaire. The questionnaire had16 questions and scored between 0-64. The questions were responded on a Likert scale of never, rarely,sometimes, often and always. The data was analyzed by using software program of SPSS version 20. Descriptivestatistics and Mann-Whitney U test was applied to compare the mean scores of empathy of students studyingdifferent curricula.Results: Mean score of empathy among students was 42.89+ 8.535. Mean empathy score of 2 year studentsth nd was 45.58 +7.203 and 4 year students came out to be 40.20 +8.981. Empathy was statistically significant in 2 year students and in female students; female students' empathy score was 46.38 while male students score was 39.40.Conclusion: It is concluded that 2 year students who studied integrated curriculum showed higher empathyth scores than 4 year students studying traditional curriculum. Moreover, female students showed significantlyhigher empathy scores as compared to the male students.
KARAMZIN'S «POETRY». THE TEXT WITHIN A TEXT: AUTHOR BEHIND THE MASKS OF SHAKESPEARE AND KLOPSTOCK
Authors:   GITR Film & Television School, Pimonov V.I.
Published: October 2021

Object of the article: the poem “Poetry” by N.M. Karamzin. Subject of the article: meaning of “the text within a text” in Karamzin's “Poetry”. Purpose of research: to show that “a text within a text” structure in Karamzin's poem is based on “false quotations” i.e. when the “author's” text is presented in the form of ”another author's text” (quotation). Research methods: methods of comparative and structural-semantic analysis applied. Results: the author argues that the author (Karamzin) is hiding behind literary masks of Shakespeare and Klopstock. Field of application: literary studies. Conclusion: the structure of Karamzin's “Poetry” is based on the interaction between the “author's text” and the texts of the other authors.
TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS IN SCHOOL LITERARY EDUCATION IN EUROPE
Authors:   Moscow State Pedagogical University, Getmanskaya E.V.
Published: October 2021

The topic of the article is the main problems of the functioning of fiction in secondary school, the traditional interpretation of the educational function of literature for the European paradigm, the representation of the literary canon in the European school, the educational context of the concepts "literature"and " reader". Reading fiction at school remains not only at the center of European curricula, but also at the center of the entire cultural and socioeducational European discourse, and, above all, because of the importance of this subject in the process of forming the personality of the younger reader. In the document regulating the language policy in the European Union (Language Policy Division, 2009), fiction is considered as a factor contributing to the development of personality. Personality formation is a generally recognized function of reading literature, it contributes to the formation of moral attitudes and social values, the document says. A number of researchers call such views on literature moralistic (Witte, Maslowski Pike, etc.). Other educational scientists go further in assessing the moral impact of literature on the adolescent reader and consider it as a way of learning about religion and as support for the reader in accepting certain religious values (Iseghem, Collins). Lewis and Petrone connect the process of forming the identity of a teenage hero, reflected in a literary work, and the construction of the identity of a teenage reader. They note that teenage readers are more willing to read literature that reflects the stage of life at which they themselves are. The main function of literature focused on the reader – pleasure − is perhaps the most obvious in European pedagogy. Soetaert and Felski believe that literary education, first of all, should stimulate the pleasure of reading; the magical effect of fiction is its main purpose.
THE PROBLEM OF POINT OF VIEW IN TEXT WITH AN «UNRELIABLE» NARRATOR (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF V. NABOKOV'S STORY «THE EYE»)
Authors:   Samara State Social and Pedagogical University, Smolenskaya M.A.
Published: October 2021

The subject of the article: The article raises several urgent problems of narratology - the question of the «unreliable» narrator in the text, his point of view on the events underlying the history. This paper examines the internal and external point of view in a work with an «unreliable» narrator. A work with an «unreliable» narrator organizes a special point of view on the event hypothesis is put forward. The material is the narrator of V. Nabokov`s story «The Eye». In this text, the narrator's point of view on events, himself in these events and the characters reveals a split into external and internal. The narrator's play with the point of view forms a special type of «unreliable» narrator, which allows the author not only to create an experimental narrative, but also to raise the philosophical problems of memory, self-identification, and consciousness.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UNFINISHED DRAMATIC WORKS OF I.S. TURGENEV
Authors:   Samara State Social and Pedagogical University, Cherkasova V.V.
Published: October 2021

Тhis article gives a general description of the unfinished dramatic works of I. S. Turgenev, and defines their problems. The author comes to the conclusion that among the unfinished scenes and comedies there were three ideas: "The Bridegroom", "Companion-ka" and "No. 17"; three beginnings of the work - "The Temptations of St. Anthony", "Two Sisters" and "Party". The pies "The Groom", "The Companion" and "No. 17" were started in the same period, in the spring of 1850. They are deliberately unfinished by the author. "The Companion" will soon be absorbed by the concept of "Own Master's Office" and the novel "Two Generations", and the plays "The Groom" and "No. 17" were supplanted by the play "A Month in the Country". The play "Party" was also supplanted by the play "The Bachelor". I.S. For a long time Turgenev tried to sit down at the play "Two Sisters", promising A.A. Kraevsky wrote the work on time, but deliberately left it unfinished. To the play "The Temptations of St. Anthony" by I.S. Turgenev thought to return when he was writing the preface to the translation about the Temptation by G. Flaubert, but the version of the manuscript did not reach us, that is, it remained deliberately unfinished.
NARRATIVE STRUCTURE OF DINA RUBINA'S NOVEL "LEONARDO'S HANDWRITING"
Authors:   Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Golubtsova A.S.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the narrative structure of the novel «Leonardo's Handwriting» by the modern writer Dina Rubina. It examines the basic concepts of narratology (author, narrator, subject of speech, etc.) based on the works of B.O.Korman, V. Schmid. Scientific novelty lies in the analysis and definition of the functions of a complex system of narrative units in the text which is studied. The novel "Leonardo's Handwriting" is characterized by different ways of organizing the narrative space, each of which performs an important function for the perception of the novel. The author of the article classifies the chapters of the novel in terms of their narrative structure, analyzes individual episodes of the novel in which narrators are identified, reveals cases of intersection of narrators in a narrow narrative space and events that are considered from the point of view of different narrators. As a result of the study, it was determined that the narrative structure of Dina Rubina's novel «Leonardo's Handwriting» is complex and polyphonic, which allows performing many functions that are important for a work of art (revealing characters, indicating the concept of the novel, etc.).
UPDATING SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES WHEN STUDYING POETRY OF THE XVIII CENTURY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CREATIVITY OF E. I. KOSTROV)
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Maslova A.G.
Published: October 2021

The study of the literature and culture of the native land is becoming relevant in the modern education system. In this regard, the programs of school literary education are being updated due to the introduction of local history and regionally significant topics. The study summarizes the methodological experience of conducting a lesson for secondary school students in the city of Kirov on the work of E. I. Kostrov, a native of the Vyatka region. The moral potential of Kostrov's poetry is revealed, recommendations are proposed for the analysis of individual works of the poet, in which such “eternal” values as love for the Fatherland, service to people, willingness to help those in need, adherence to the ideals of goodness and light are affirmed.
ODE "HOPE" BY V. I. MAIKOV IN THE CONTEXT OF MASONIC ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE XVIII CENTURY
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Meteleva O.A.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the attitude of V. I. Maikov to the philosophical category of hope on the example of the ode of the same name, which reflects the moral and ethical search of the poet-mason: faith in absolute happiness through hope for the best. The article highlights the categories of people that can be divided into groups. The first group includes people whose hope is connected with the state, and the second group includes those who hope for personal good. The analysis examines the Masonic ideology, which in Russia is closely intertwined with Christianity, examines the artistic expression of the philosophical category of hope in V. I. Maikov's ode, and reveals the connection of this category with the concepts of happiness and faith. As a result of the research, some images-symbols of the ode associated with the Masonic views of the poet are concretized, the moral and philosophical motives of the ode and the anthropological essence of the category of "hope" in the view of the Russian.
Credibility in crisis: Determining the availability and credibility of online food supply chain resources during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zagonel Anissa M. , Baker Lauri , Covarrubias Joelle , Lindsey Angela
Published: October 2021

Disruptions from COVID-19 forced agricultural business owners to navigate the uncertainty of market disruptions with limited information. As an effect, the quality of information available for agricultural businesses to adapt to changes was a concern. The purpose of this study was to determine the availability and credibility of resources for agricultural businesses to make informed decisions about food markets during COVID-19. Source credibility was the guiding framework to achieve the research objectives of 1) Describe resources available related to impacts of COVID-19 on the food supply chain, 2) Determine the credibility of available resources. A quantitative content and textual analyses were employed. Results revealed 401 terms used to describe resources (n = 779). Eleven of the top 36 terms were used over 100 times. These were: farmer, resources, farm, market, business, local, health, safe, supply, agriculture, and chain. The majority of resources (66%, f = 514) were mid-level credible sources (industry/business organization, online/print news source, nonprofit), and 32.2% (f = 251) were of the highest credibility (university scientists, USDA scientist, Extension). Implications of this work show an opportunity for university and Extension systems to publish resources and serve as credible sources related to this particular crisis.
Identifying Emergent Leaders in Small Groups in the Language Learning Classroom: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Leeming Paul
Published: October 2021

Researchers claim that when students work together in small groups in the language classroom, a single student often emerges as a group leader and that teachers should construct groups based on roles adopted by students. This advice is based on the assumptions that leaders emerge and that teachers can identify leaders in their own classrooms. This paper reports on research that empirically tested these assumptions. Students working in small, fixed groups rated their group members based on perceived leadership. The teacher was responsible for identifying the leader in each group. Individual difference variables of English proficiency, extroversion, and English-speaking self-efficacy (SE) were used to predict emergent leadership. In most groups clear leaders emerged, but the teacher accurately identified the leader in only half of the cases. The findings suggest that teachers should regularly vary group membership and be cautious when assigning roles within groups.
語学の授業において、学生が少人数のグループで活動していると、リーダーが一人現れることがしばしばある、ということが研究者により指摘されている。そして教師は学生それぞれの役割に基づいてグループを作るべきであるという提案がなされている。これは、授業において現れるリーダーを教師は特定できるという想定に基づいている。本稿では、これらの想定を実践的に検証した研究について述べる。固定メンバーの小グループで活動を行う学生たちが、自分の考えるリーダーシップに基づいて自分のグループのメンバーを評価した。また、教師も各グループのリーダーを特定した。グループ内で現れるリーダーを予測するために、英語能力、外向性、英語スピーキングの自己効力感、という個人差が使用された。ほとんどのグループで明確なリーダーが現れたが、教師がそのリーダーを正確に特定できたのは、クラス全体の半分にすぎなかった。検証の結果、グループメンバーを定期的に入れ替えるべきである事と、グループ内で役割を決めるときには十分に注意が必要だと言うことが分かった。

Keywords: emergent leaders; group work; pedagogy; TBLT
Short Stories: Analyzing Preservice Language Teachers’ Narratives
Authors: Clements Peter
Published: October 2021

Short story analysis is a technique in which extracts from qualitative data such as interviews and diary entries are examined for their narrative elements (people, place, time) and then connected to increasingly larger scales of context. I argue that this technique can positively inform research and teaching involving preservice language teachers because it encourages participants to systematically reflect on experience and what makes it meaningful. I exemplify the analysis by applying it to extracts from interviews with two preservice teachers about a teaching practicum, which demonstrates how contextual issues related to language learning and teaching can impact the everyday lives of prospective teachers. I conclude by discussing some of the implications of this approach for research and teaching involving preservice language teachers.
ショートストーリー分析は、インタビューや日記などから抽出した質的データの中のナラティヴな要素（人、場所、時間）を調べ、それを徐々に、より大きな広がりのある文脈へと結び付ける分析方法である。この方法では、調査の参加者に自分の体験がどういう意義をもつか系統だった振り返りをさせることができるので、特に言語教師を目指している学生に関わる研究や教育には有用であると思われる。分析方法を例示するために2人の教職課程在籍の学生へのインタビューから実習科目についての抜粋を分析し、結果として、語学学習と教育に関する課題が将来の教師の日常生活にどのような影響を与えるかを示すことができた。最後に、言語教師を目指している学生についての研究と教育に対するこのアプローチの示唆を示して結論とした。
HARGA, KUALITAS PRODUK DAN WORD OF MOUTH TERHADAP MINAT BELI PRODUK U-TECH
Authors: Lay Raymond Gunawan
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh faktor harga, kualitas produk dan word of mouth terhadap minat beli produk U-TECH. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode  simple random sampling. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada konsumen yang belum pernah melakukan pembelian di U-TECH. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 100 orang. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan aplikasi perangkat lunak IBM Static SPSS versi ke 23. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel harga, kualitas produk, dan word of mouth berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat beli.
 
Kata kunci : Harga, Kualitas Produk, Word of Mouth, Minat Beli.
ANALISIS KERJASAMA TIM DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA SERTA DAMPAKNYA PADA KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. SARIADI WAHANA JASA
Authors: Christianto David , Henky Alexander Wahyudi
Published: October 2021

Ekspor dan Impor merupakan kegiatan perdagangan internasional yang sangat penting untuk menjaga kestabilan ekonomi serta memperkuat cadangan devisa suatu negara. Karena itu diperlukan peningkatan nilai ekspor-impor agar Indonesia dapat bersaing dalam perang dagang dunia dengan cara meningkatkan kualitas perusahaan ekspedisi di Indonesia. Hal tersebut dapat dicapai dengan meningkatkan kinerja karyawan perusahaan dengan memiliki kerjasama tim yang baik, karyawan yang memiliki motivasi, serta karyawan memiliki kepuasan dalam pekerjaan mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh kerjasama tim dan motivasi terhadap kepuasan kerja serta dampaknya terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Sariadi Wahana Jasa. PT Sariadi Wahana Jasa merupakan perusahaan ekspor-impor yang berada di Surabaya. Penelitian ini didasari oleh data yang dikumpulkan dengan metode kuantitatif dengan membagikan kuisioner pada responden. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah teknik sampling jenuh dengan jumlah sampel 40 karyawan PT. Sariadi Wahana Jasa. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah kerjasama tim (X1), motivasi (X2) , kepuasan kerja (Z) dan kinerja karyawan (Y). Data kemudian diolah menggunakan PLS 2.0. Hasil yang didapat adalah kerjasama tim dan motivasi memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Kepuasan kerja sendiri memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Sariadi Wahana Jasa.
 
Kata kunci: kepuasan kerja, kerjasama tim, kinerja karyawan, motivasi
PENGARUH PRODUK, HARGA, PROMOSI DAN LOKASI TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN USAHA
Authors: Alberto Kevin
Published: October 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh produk, harga, promosi dan lokasi terhadap keberhasilan usaha sambal Bu Rudy. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen Restoran sambal Bu Rudy. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan syarat konsumen sambal Bu Rudy yang pernah mengkonsumsi sambal Bu Rudy lebih dari 2 kali. Jumlah sampel yang diteliti sebanyak 96 orang konsumen agar didapatkan hasil penelitian yang bersifat obyektif serta mampu menggambarkan keadaan yang sebenarnya. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode pembagian kuesioner yang menggunakan instrumen skala Likert 5-point. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah produk, harga, promosi, dan lokasi sebagai variabel bebas serta keberhasilan usaha sebagai variabel terikat. Selanjutnya, penulis mengolah data hasil penelitian menggunakan SPSS 24.0 untuk memperoleh kesimpulan yang signifikan berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut. Berdasarkan pengujian hipotesis yang telah dihitung, maka dapat disimpulkan hasil penelitan ini yaitu bahwa produk, harga, promosi dan lokasi ditemukan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keberhasilan usaha sambal Bu Rudy. Hal ini berarti dengan meningkatkan produk, harga, promosi dan lokasi maka keberhasilan usaha juga akan mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan
Kata Kunci: Produk. Harga, Promosi, Lokasi, dan Keberhasilan Usaha
THE ROLE OF SELECTED HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS (HEIS) AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS ON INTEGRATING FOOD HERITAGE RESEARCH INTO POLITICAL PRIORITIES: A PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS OF LUZON ISLAND, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Andalecio Avi Ben Pestanas
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to show how food heritage, specifically Filipino Pancit, define the culture oftheir citizens, investigate the efforts of Local Government Units (LGUs), and examine the role of a selectedHigher Educational Institution (HEI) as a partner of LGUs in safeguarding food heritage. The researcher

used frameworks from international and national cultural agencies and researchers. Observation and in-depth interviews were also used for the documentation process through case study technique, which

examined the aspects of statutory control and safeguarding mechanisms to determine the political prioritiesof involved LGUs and the selected HEI’s role in safeguarding food heritage in the islands of Luzon,Philippines. Findings suggest that LGUs’ sheer political will, knowledge, and awareness on issues onheritage conservation, openness, sustainable practices, and multi-stakeholder participation are essential inrobust protection vis-à-vis culture and heritage conservation. This comes with the active participation ofstakeholders, especially academic institutions, which provide expertise and extra leg work on researchbacked by their advocacy rooted on Filipino identity and sustainability to support policies of the government.Ultimately, research-based policymaking is key to open opportunities not just on intangible cultural heritagelike Filipino Pancit but on culture and heritage conservation in general.
MARKET EXPLORATION OF BAKSO CULINARY TOURISTS IN MALANG CITY, INDONESIA
Authors: Hanggraito Ahmadintya Anggit
Published: October 2021

Bakso is one of the top Indonesian local culinary from Malang City. This study tries to reveals types of food-related behaviour and culinary experiences in psychographic segmentation for bakso culinary tourism in Malang City. In addition, identifying the motivational factors of Bakso Malang tourists is useful for the development of culinary tourism. This study involved 210 samples and the results represented an exploration of market segmentation and motivation factors of bakso culinary tourists. That could be an in-depth consideration of the bakso restaurant even for culinary development strategies in Malang City. Bakso Malang's consistent understanding of market management will provide important intangible capital for the development of culinary products in Malang City.
THE LEXICON OF MAJAPAHIT CULINARY AT TROWULAN IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA
Authors: Hendra Hendra , Wahyuningputri Rode Ayu , Putra Aditya Nova , Levyta Farah
Published: October 2021

This research aims to describe the form of lingual, naming, and the meaning of lexicon and examinesMajapahit Culinary by using a linguistic approach that has similar sounds with global tourism language.The problem studied in the process of naming the Majapahit Culinary that has the same sound asEnglish as the international language. The ethnographic method is used to investigate the languageand culture related to culinary based on the understanding of the local community. This research wasconducted in Trowulan. Data collection uses in-depth interview methods and observations of theparticipation of informants. All data is reviewed using analisis domain, taxonomy, componential andthemes, obtained from written sources including inscriptions and literature from Majapahit and from thetime before and afterwards. The sources of research data are verbal words of the informants asspeakers. Data collection was carried with participant observation techniques and interviews. Dataanalysis was carried out with four activities as collection, reduction, presentation and verification. Theresult of the Majapahit culinary analysis that has naming which can be used as the basis for thereference of the global sound are five Majapahit culinary, they are Letlet, Wok, Kwelon Dodol and Lepet.Those five Majapahit culinary will become a reference in the promotion of Majapahit culinary ininternational tourism.
ПАТОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ПРИ АЛЬФОРТИОЗЕ ЛОШАДЕЙ
Authors: Амиргалиева С.С , Мауланов А.З , Сайдилдинова А.К.
Published: October 2021

Коневодство в Республике Казахстан является одной из составляющих частей в сельскохозяйственном производстве в целом и в животноводстве в частности. В последние 10-15 лет с изменением системы ведения сельского хозяйства во многих хозяйствах республики начали разводить лошадей. В статье представлены результаты клинического, патологоморфологического исследований при альфортиозе лошадей в некоторых коне-водческих хозяйствах Алматинской области. Степень клинического проявления альфортиоза зависела от интенсивности инвазии, общего состояния животного и осложнений альфортиозных очагов гноеродной инфекцией. Исследовано 12 лошадей, заболевших альфортиозом на пастбище. Диагноз устанавливали комплексно: на оснований анализа анамнестических данных, результатов патоморфологического исследования. Установлено, что на диффузно покрасневшей и набухшей брюшине находились темно-красные пятнистые гематомы и абсцессы. Наибольшее количество гематом отмечали в вентральной и дорсальной частях брюшины. Через  серозную оболочку вырисовывается красноватого и молочного цвета изогнутые или вытянутые личинки паразита. В толстом отделе кишечника мигрирующие личинки находились в подсерозной оболочке и в стенке кишечника. Пато-логоанатомические изменения в паренхиматозных органах характеризовались признаками нарушения кровообращения  и дистрофическими изменениями. Гистологически в толстой кишке обнаружен отек слизистой оболочки, а в ее глубоких слоях выявлена выраженная диффузная лимфоцитарно - эозинофильная инфильтрация. Альфортиоз патологоанато-мически характеризовался паразитарным перитонитом с преимущественным поражением париетальной брюшины.
New Infrared Spectral Indices of Luminous Cold Stars: From Early K to M Types
Authors: Messineo Maria , Figer Donald F. , Kudritzki Rolf-Peter , Zhu Qingfeng , Menten Karl M. , Ivanov Valentin D. , Chen C.-H. Rosie
Published: October 2021

We present infrared spectral indices (1.0–2.3 μm) of Galactic late-type giants and red supergiants (RSGs). We used existing and new spectra obtained at resolution power R = 2000 with SpeX on the IRTF telescope. While a large CO equivalent width (EW), at 2.29 μm ([CO, 2.29] ≳ 45 Å) is a typical signature of RSGs later than spectral type M0,

[
CO
]

of K-type RSGs and giants are similar. In the [CO, 2.29] versus [Mg i, 1.71] diagram, RSGs of all spectral types can be distinguished from red giants because the Mg i line weakens with increasing temperature and decreasing gravity. We find several lines that vary with luminosity, but not temperature: Si i (1.59 μm), Sr (1.033 μm), Fe+Cr+Si+CN (1.16 μm), Fe+Ti (1.185 μm), Fe+Ti (1.196 μm), Ti+Ca (1.28 μm), and Mn (1.29 μm). Good markers of CN enhancement are the Fe+Si+CN line at 1.087 μm and CN line at 1.093 μm. Using these lines, at the resolution of SpeX, it is possible to separate RSGs and giants. Contaminant O-rich Mira and S-type AGBs are recognized by strong molecular features due to water vapor features, TiO band heads, and/or ZrO absorption. Among the 42 candidate RSGs that we observed, all but one were found to be late types. Twenty-one have EWs consistent with those of RSGs, 16 with those of O-rich Mira AGBs, and one with an S-type AGB. These infrared results open new, unexplored, potential for searches at low resolution of RSGs in the highly obscured innermost regions of the Milky Way.
SOLES I: The Spin–Orbit Alignment of K2-140 b
Authors: Rice Malena , Wang Songhu , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Dai Fei , Wang Xian-Yu , Beard Corey , Behmard Aida , Brinkman Casey , Rubenzahl Ryan A. , Laughlin Gregory
Published: October 2021

Obliquity measurements for stars hosting relatively long-period giant planets with weak star-planet tidal interactions may play a key role in distinguishing between formation theories for shorter-period hot Jupiters. Few such obliquity measurements have been made to date due to the relatively small sample of known wide-orbiting, transiting Jovian-mass planets and the challenging nature of these targets, which tend to have long transit durations and orbit faint stars. We report a measurement of the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect across the transit of K2-140 b, a Jupiter-mass planet with period P = 6.57 days orbiting a V = 12.6 star. We find that K2-140 is an aligned system with projected spin–orbit angle λ = 0.5° ± 9.7°, suggesting a dynamically cool formation history. This observation builds toward a population of tidally detached giant planet spin–orbit angles that will enable a direct comparison with the distribution of close-orbiting hot-Jupiter orbital configurations, elucidating the prevalent formation mechanisms of each group.
Flare-induced Sunquake Signatures in the Ultraviolet as Observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly
Authors: Quinn Sean , Mathioudakis Mihalis , Nelson Christopher J. , Milligan Ryan O. , Reid Aaron , Jess David B.
Published: October 2021

Sunquakes (SQs) have been routinely observed in the solar photosphere, but it is only recently that signatures of these events have been detected in the chromosphere. We investigate whether signatures of SQs are common in ultraviolet (UV) continua that sample the solar plasma several hundred km above where SQs are typically detected. We analyze observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory’s Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA) 1600 and 1700 Å passbands, for SQ signatures induced by the flares of Solar Cycle 24. We base our analysis on the 62 SQs detected in the recent statistical study presented by Sharykin & Kosovichev. We find that 9 out of 62 SQ candidates produced a response that is clearly detected in running-difference images from the AIA 1600 and 1700 Å channels. A binary frequency filter with a width of 2 mHz, centered on 6 mHz, was applied to the data. The first signature of each SQ was detected at distances between 5.2 and 25.7 Mm from the associated flare ribbon. Time–distance and regression analysis allowed us to calculate the apparent transverse velocities of the SQs in the UV data sets and found maximum velocities as high as 41 km s−1, 87 Mm away from the SQ source. Our analysis shows that flare-induced SQ signatures can be detected in the SDO/AIA 1600 and 1700 Å passbands, hinting at their presence in the lower chromosphere. There was no apparent correlation between GOES flare classification and the appearance of the SQ at these heights.
Two Sequences in the Age–Metallicity Relation as Seen from [C/N] Abundances in APOGEE
Authors: Jofré Paula
Published: October 2021

The age–metallicity relation (AMR) is fundamental to study the formation and evolution of the disk. Observations have shown that this relation has a large scatter, which cannot be explained by observational errors only. That scatter is hence attributed to the effects of radial migration in which stars tracing different chemical evolution histories in the disk get mixed. However, the recent study of Nissen et al., using high-precision observational data of solar-type stars, found two relatively tight AMRs. One sequence of older and metal-richer stars probably traces the chemical enrichment history of the inner disk while the other sequence of younger and metal-poorer stars traces the chemical enrichment history of the outer disk. If uncertainties in age measurements increase, these sequences mix, explaining the scatter of the one relation observed in other studies. This work follows up on these results by analyzing an independent sample of red clump giants observed by APOGEE. Because ages for red giants are significantly more uncertain, the [C/N] ratios are considered as a proxy for age. This larger data set is used to investigate these relations at different Galactic radii, finding that these distinct sequences exist only in the solar neighborhood. The APOGEE data set is further used to explore different abundance and kinematical planes to shed light on the nature of these populations.
Chandra X-Ray Observations of V830 Tau: A T Tauri Star Hosting an Evanescent Planet
Authors: Skinner Stephen L. , Güdel Manuel
Published: October 2021

The radial velocity study by Donati et al. (2016) reported the detection of a close-in giant planet in a 4.93 day orbit around the ∼2 Myr old weak-lined T Tauri star V830 Tau. Because of the stringent timescale constraints that a very young host star like V830 Tau would place on hot-Jupiter formation models and inward-migration mechanisms, independent confirmation of the planet’s existence is needed but so far has not been obtained. We present new Chandra X-ray observations of V830 Tau. The Chandra observations in combination with previous XMM-Newton observations reveal strong, variable X-ray emission with an X-ray luminosity spanning the range log L

x
= 30.10–30.87 erg s−1. Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating spectra show emission lines formed over a range of plasma temperatures from ∼4 MK (Ne ix) to ∼16 MK (S xv). At the separation of the reported planet (0.057 au) the X-ray flux is ∼106–107 times greater than the Sun’s X-ray flux at Jupiter. We provide estimates of the X-ray ionization and atmospheric heating rates at the planet’s separation and identify areas of uncertainty that will need to be addressed in any future atmospheric models.
A Bright Ultraviolet Excess in the Transitional 02es-like Type Ia Supernova 2019yvq
Authors: Burke J. , Howell D. A. , Sarbadhicary S. K. , Sand D. J. , Amaro R. C. , Hiramatsu D. , McCully C. , Pellegrino C. , Andrews J. E. , Brown P. J. , Itagaki 板垣 Koichi 公 一 , Shahbandeh M. , Bostroem K. A. , Chomiuk L. , Hsiao E. Y. , Smith Nathan , Valenti S.
Published: October 2021

We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of the nearby Type Ia SN 2019yvq, from its discovery ∼1 day after explosion to ∼100 days after its peak brightness. This SN exhibits several unusual features, most notably an extremely bright UV excess seen within ∼5 days of its explosion. As seen in Swift UV data, this early excess outshines its “peak” brightness, making this object more extreme than other supernovae (SNe) with early UV/blue excesses (e.g., iPTF14atg and SN 2017cbv). In addition, it was underluminous M

B
= −18.4, relatively quickly declining (Δm
15(B) = 1.37), and shows red colors past its early blue bump. Unusual (although not unprecedented) spectral features include extremely broad-lined and high-velocity Si absorption. Despite obvious differences in peak spectra, we classify SN 2019yvq as a transitional member of the 02es-like subclass due to its similarities in several respects (e.g., color, peak luminosity, peak Ti, and nebular [Ca ii]). We model this data set with a variety of published models, including SN ejecta–companion shock interaction and sub-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf (WD) double-detonation models. Radio constraints from the VLA place an upper limit of (4.5–20) × 10−8
M
⊙ yr−1 on the mass-loss rate from a symbiotic progenitor, which does not exclude a red giant or main-sequence companion. Ultimately, we find that no one model can accurately replicate all aspects of the data set, and further we find that the ubiquity of early excesses in 02es-like SNe Ia requires a progenitor system that is capable of producing isotropic UV flux, ruling out some models for this class of objects.
The Picture of BLR in 2.5D FRADO: Dynamics and Geometry
Authors: Naddaf Mohammad-Hassan , Czerny Bożena , Szczerba Ryszard
Published: October 2021

The dynamics of the broad line region (BLR) in active galaxies is an open question; direct observational constraints suggest a predominantly Keplerian motion, with possible traces of inflow or outflow. In this paper we study in detail the physically motivated BLR model of Czerny & Hryniewicz based on the radiation pressure acting on dust at the surface layers of the accretion disk (AD). We consider here a nonhydrodynamical approach to the dynamics of the dusty cloud under the influence of radiation coming from the entire AD. We use here a realistic description of the dust opacity, and we introduce two simple geometrical models of the local shielding of the dusty cloud. We show that the radiation pressure acting on dusty clouds is strong enough to lead to dynamical outflow from the AD surface, so the BLR has a dynamical character of a (mostly failed) outflow. The dynamics strongly depends on the Eddington ratio of the source. Large Eddington ratio sources show a complex velocity field and large vertical velocities with respect to the AD surface, while for lower Eddington ratio sources vertical velocities are small and most of the emission originates close to the AD surface. Cloud dynamics thus determines the 3D geometry of the BLR.
A Spectroscopic Analysis of the California-Kepler Survey Sample. II. Correlations of Stellar Metallicities with Planetary Architectures
Authors: Ghezzi Luan , Martinez Cintia F. , Wilson Robert F. , Cunha Katia , Smith Verne V. , Majewski Steven R.
Published: October 2021

We present independent and self-consistent metallicities for a sample of 807 planet-hosting stars from the California-Kepler Survey from an LTE spectroscopic analysis using a selected sample of Fe i and Fe ii lines. Correlations between host-star metallicities, planet radii, and planetary architecture (orbital periods—warm or hot—and multiplicity—single or multiple) were investigated using nonparametric statistical tests. In addition to confirming previous results from the literature, e.g., that overall host-star metallicity distributions differ between hot and warm planetary systems of all types, we report on a new finding: when comparing the median metallicities of hot versus warm systems, the difference for multiple super-Earths is considerably larger when compared to that difference in single super-Earths. The metallicity cumulative distribution functions of hot single super-Earths versus warm single super-Earths indicate different parent stellar populations, while for sub-Neptunes this is not the case. The transition radius between sub-Neptunes and sub-Saturns was examined by comparing the APOGEE metallicity distribution for the Milky Way thin disk in the solar neighborhood with metallicity distributions of host stars segregated based upon the largest known planet in their system. These comparisons reveal increasingly different metallicity distributions as the radius of the largest planet in the systems increases, with the parent stellar metallicities becoming significantly different for R

p
> 2.7 R
⊕. The behavior of the p-values as a function of planet radius undergoes a large slope change at R

p
= 4.4 ± 0.5 R
⊕, indicating the radius boundary between small and large planets.
Toward Optimal Signal Extraction for Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry
Authors: Peirson A. L. , Romani Roger W.
Published: October 2021

We describe an optimal signal extraction process for imaging X-ray polarimetry using an ensemble of deep neural networks. The initial photoelectron angle, used to recover the polarization, has errors following a von Mises distribution. This is complicated by events converting outside of the fiducial gas volume, whose tracks have little polarization sensitivity. We train a deep ensemble of convolutional neural networks to select against these events and to measure event angles and errors for the desired gas-conversion tracks. We show how the expected modulation amplitude from each event gives an optimal weighting to maximize signal-to-noise ratio of the recovered polarization. Applying this weighted maximum likelihood event analysis yields sensitivity (MDP99) improvements of ∼10% over earlier heuristic weighting schemes and mitigates the need to adjust said weighting for the source spectrum. We apply our new technique to a selection of astrophysical spectra, including complex extreme examples, and compare the polarization recovery to the current state of the art.
Characteristics of the Heliospheric Current Sheets at the Sector Boundaries: Wind Observations from 1995–2020
Authors: Liou Kan , Wu Chin-Chun
Published: October 2021

We report results of a statistical study of 1197 heliospheric current sheet (HCS) events associated with the sector boundaries observed by the Wind spacecraft between 1995 and 2020. The average property of the HCS events can be characterized as follows: (1) The width of the current sheets ranges between ∼600 km and 1.1 × 106 km, with an average width of 1.06 ± 2.37 × 105 km; (2) The longitude (in Geocentric Solar-Ecliptic coordinate) of the HCS normal shows a large peak at ∼210° (0° sunward pointing) and a longer tail at smaller angles; (3) The latitudinal angle (inclination) of the HCS normal shows a near symmetric distribution (peak and average ∼0°); (4) The yearly occurrence rate is relatively constant (∼46 or 3.4 events per solar rotation), without showing a clear solar cycle dependence; (5) There are solar cycle variations in the properties of the plasma and field within the current sheets and these variations follow closely with the background solar wind plasma and field; (6) A mild (∼10%) proton temperature increase within the HCS, suggesting that heating of the solar wind proton can occur within the current sheet; and (7) A sudden decrease in the proton temperature anisotropy (T
∥/T
⊥) toward unity within ∼3 hr of the HCS was identified. These results suggest that on the large scale the HCS at 1 au is a relatively stable and persistent solar wind structure throughout the solar cycle. On the small scale the HCS property is probably controlled by the dynamics of the current system, which is still poorly known.