bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERANAN APLIKASI TWITTER ATAU X DALAM INTERAKSI KOMUNIKASI GUNA MEMBANTU PENYEIMBANGAN KESEHATAN MENTAL PADA REMAJA SAAT INI
Authors: Kukuh Wijayanti  , Qoniah Nur Wijayani
Published: February 2024

In communication, of course, there must be an interaction carried out by several parties concerned. Communication interactions today are not only done directly or face-to-face. With the development of technology, it also brings progress to the existence of social media. Current interactions can also be done online or online using social media that comes with a wide scope in a very fast time. Apart from having a negative impact, social media also comes with a positive impact. However, as technology advances people begin to lose their sense of sensitivity to their surroundings. Now there is an increase in the number of people with mental disorders in the world. Mental illness is one of the things that is very difficult to overcome because this disease is related to a person's mentality that physically they may look healthy so it is difficult to detect if not with special treatment. Many mental disorders make teenagers their victims.  This is usually triggered by a lack of support and feeling alone. And with the existence of social media, it helps teenagers to interact with many people without fear of their identity being spread.
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN ONLINE SHOP “QUEENBEA” TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK AKSESORIS DI E-COMMERCE SHOPEE
Authors: Dela Rahmah Aminarti  , Qoniah Nur Wijayani
Published: February 2024

Research was conducted to determine marketing communication strategies regarding product purchasing decisions. The ease of marketing products today is due to the increasing development of technology, making online shopping increasingly popular with consumers. Due to its effectiveness in shopping without having to meet face to face, convenience in time, fast transactions, access to selecting the items you want and need are all easy. This also makes competition tougher in sales in online shops. This research examines the Marketing Communication Strategy of the Online Shop "Queenbea" in E-commerce Shopee. This research aims to explain the marketing communication strategies for the online shop "Queenbea" on Shopee.
PERAN HADIRNYA KOMUNITAS BAGI MAHASISWA ILMU KOMUNIKASI UNIVERSITAS TRUNOJOYO MADURA DALAM MEMBANTU MENGEMBANGKAN SKILL SESUAI MINAT BAKAT
Authors: Fitria Putri Utami  , Qoni’ah Nur Wijayanti
Published: February 2024

Skill is an ability possessed by an individual where this ability will produce value, skills are also needed in the world of work. At the tertiary level, it is a time when a student can freely explore his abilities according to his interests and talents. Every university also definitely has a forum for developing the skills of its students, such as at Trunojoyo Madura University, especially in the Communication Studies Program, which has many communities. This community exists with the aim of helping students support their courses and assist in developing skills that suit their interests and talents. The research carried out by the author aims to find out whether the community attending the Communication Science study program has a role in helping develop students' skills. The sources obtained by the author were observation techniques and interviews with participants.
Pelatihan Penggunaan Tensimeter Manual Bagi Kader Posyandu Di Wilayah Desa Bawak Cawas, Klaten
Authors: Endang  Sawitri  , Wiwin Rohmawati  , Anna Uswatun Qoyyimah  , Agustina Agustina
Published: February 2024

Penyakit tidak menular (PTM) merupakan penyakit penyakit yang tidak bisa ditularkan dari orang ke orang, yang perkembangannya berjalan perlahan dalam jangka waktu yang panjang (kronis). Pada perjalanan awal, PTM sering tidak bergejala, banyak yang tidak mengetahui dan menyadari jika mengidap penyakit.Upaya pengendalian penyakit tidak menular (PTM) seperti : hipertensi, dll, dapat dilakukan di dengan cara kontrol rutin di puskesmas atau melalui pelayanan di posyandu. Kegiatan di posyandu di koordinir oleh kader kader posyandu. Salah satu kegiatan yang dilakukan di posyandu adalah skrining kesehatan dengan cara pengukuran tekanan darah. Banyaknya kader posyandu yang belum menguasai skill tentang penggunaan tensimeter  manual, perlu ada pelatihan penggunaan tensimeter manual di posyandu. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan cara menggunakan alat pengukur tekanan darah berupa tensimeter manual bagi kader- kader  posyandu Di Wilayah Desa Bawak, Cawas, Klaten. Metode  yang digunakan yaitu sosialisasi, persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Pelatihan dilakukan pada kader sejumlah 17 orang. Semua kader posyandu  mampu mendemonstrasikan  dengan baik dan trampil menggunakan tensimeter manual untuk mengukur tekanan darah.
Detection of Stunting in Toddlers at Posyandu Mawar IV Dusun Kalongan Kulon, Papahan, Tasikmadu, Karanganyar
Authors: Suwarnisih Suwarnisih , Hastutik Hastutik , Yeni Anggraini
Published: February 2024

The problem of stunting is still a national problem in Indonesia, so good efforts are needed to reduce the stunting rate in Indonesia. Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem caused by insufficient nutritional intake in the first 1000 days of life (HPK). Stunted toddlers will have less height compared to their age. Based on the results of the 2021 Indonesian Nutritional Status Study (SSGI), the prevalence of stunting among toddlers in Indonesia according to height-for-age results reached 24.4%. Impaired growth and development is a serious problem for developed and developing countries in the world. Growth can be seen from body weight, height and head circumference, LILA, while development can be seen from motor, social and emotional abilities, language abilities and cognitive abilities. The aim is to detect stunting in children under five according to age stages based on gender with TB so that growth is monitored and children do not experience obstacles. The results of the activities of 63 toddlers were 37 toddlers (58.7%) female, 26 toddlers (41.3%) male, most of the toddlers had nutritional status based on PB/U or TB/U in the normal category, 59 toddlers (93.8%). %) and there are 2 toddlers (3.1%) in the very short category (severely stunted), 2 toddlers (3.1%) in the short category (stunted).
Penyuluhan Penemuan Deteksi Dini Suspek Tuberkulosis Pada Kader Kesehatan di Desa Buntalan Puskesmas Klaten Tengah
Authors: Sutaryono Sutaryono , Rezyana Budi Syahputri
Published: February 2024

Penemuan suspek Tuberkulosis (TB) pada masa pandemik COVID-19 mengalami penurunan, dalam 3 tahun belakang ini Kabupaten Klaten juga berdampak dalam penemuan suspek TB. Hal ini menghambat tercapainya eliminasi TB pada tahun 2030. Oleh karena itu, perlu peran serta dari semua unsur baik pemerintah, swasta, lembaga pendidikan maupun masyarakat. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan bentuk penyuluhan penemuan deteksi dini tuberkulosis dengan sobat TB pada kader puskesmas Kabupaten Klaten merupakan bentuk tridarma perguruan tinggi Universitas Muhammadiyah Klaten. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat meliputi observasi dan koordinasi, perumusan kerjasama, sosialiasi program kepada kader kesehatan, penyuluhan kepada kader kesehatan. Penyuluhan dilaksanakan pada hari Sabtu tanggal 23 September 2023 jam 13.00 sd 15.00 WIB. Peserta penyuluhan sebanyak 22 kader kesehatan, 3 mahasiswa dengan narasumber dari Universitas Muhammadiyah Klaten dan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Klaten. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dapat melaksanakan penyuluhan penemuan deteksi dini tuberkulosis dengan sobat TB pada kader puskesmas Kabupaten Klaten. Penyuluhan ini mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta kader kesehatan tentang penyakit Tuberkulosis dan membekali penemuan deteksi dini dimasyarakat. Sebagai tindaklanjut perlu pendampingan kader untuk dapat menemukan kasus baru tuberkulosis dilingkungannya.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Mengendalikan Halusinasi Pendengaran Melalui Teknik Distraksi Menghardik
Authors: Rangkuti Winnellia fridina sandy , Sudarto Sudarto , Susito Susito , Sarliana Zaini  , Anisa Khairiyah
Published: February 2024

Gangguan jiwa merupakan suatu fenomena yang terus mengalamai peningkatan yang sangat signifikan, dan setiap tahun diberbagai belahan dunia jumlah penderita gangguan jiwa semakin bertambah. Diperkirakan jumlah penderita gangguan jiwa di dunia kurang lebih 450 juta orang, dengan perkiraan 10% orang dewasa, dan 25% di usia tertentu seseorang diprediksi akan mengalami gangguan jiwa, dan 135 juta diantaranya mengalami halusinasi. kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi tentang mengendalikan halusinasi pendengaran melalui Teknik distraksi menghardik. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini dengan melakukan test (pre test dan post test) , sebelum dan  sesudah penyuluhan dilakukan untuk menilai tingkat pengetahuan atau pemahaman masyarakat tentang mengendalikan halusinasi pendengaran melalui Teknik distraksi menghardik sebagai indikator keberhasilan dari suatu program promosi kesehatan. Penyuluhan menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan pengetahuan atau pemahaman masyarakat tentang mengendalikan halusinasi pendengaran melalui Teknik distraksi menghardik yaitu dari 25 menjadi 95 persen. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian ini diharapakan masyarakat dapat lebih memahami pengendalian dan mewaspadai halusinasi pendengaran.
Climate Change and Human Health: Impacts and Vulnerability
Authors: Khan Fahad , Shah Syed Ahmad Akbar , Shah Syed Usman Akbar , Khan Ahmad
Published: February 2024

Background: Climate change is a global health emergency, with its impacts being profoundly felt across various regions of Pakistan. Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events pose significant threats to public health, agriculture, and water resources. Understanding these impacts is crucial for developing targeted interventions to mitigate health risks associated with climate change.
Objective: This study aims to assess the effects of climate change on health outcomes in Pakistan, focusing on temperature variations, precipitation changes, agricultural impacts, vector-borne diseases, and socio-economic vulnerabilities.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four regions of Pakistan (Punjab, Sindh, KPK, and Balochistan) from January 2022 to January 2023. A sample size of 3000 participants was selected through systematic random sampling. Meteorological data was collected from local weather stations, and health data was gathered through structured surveys, interviews, and medical examinations. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data, employing SPSS version 25 for statistical analysis. GIS mapping visualized the spatial patterns of climate change impacts.
Results: The study found significant regional variations in climate change impacts. Temperature increases were most pronounced in Sindh (1.8°C), leading to heightened risks of heat-related ailments. Precipitation changes showed decreased rainfall in Punjab, causing water scarcity and an increase in waterborne diseases. Agricultural impacts revealed a 10% crop yield reduction in Punjab, resulting in increased malnutrition rates. Vector-borne diseases saw a noticeable rise in Sindh due to habitat expansion of disease vectors. Socio-economic vulnerability analysis indicated high vulnerability in urban areas of Sindh, with limited adaptive capacities.
Conclusion: Climate change significantly affects health outcomes in Pakistan, with regional disparities necessitating targeted interventions. The study underscores the importance of incorporating climate change considerations into public health planning and policy-making to enhance resilience and adaptive capacities across vulnerable regions.
Self Determination, Decision Making and Social Functioning as a Prognostic Factor among Hepatitis ‘B’ and ‘C’ Patients
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Luqman , Saeed Muhammad Umar
Published: February 2024

Background: Viral hepatitis, encompassing hepatitis B and C, remains a significant public health challenge globally, with a vast majority of those affected unaware of their infection status. The societal stigma and lack of awareness about these diseases impede early diagnosis and effective management, particularly in developing regions. Patient self-help groups and public health initiatives play a critical role in bridging the knowledge gap and facilitating access to care.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of patient self-help groups in Punjab, Pakistan, on raising awareness and enhancing the management of hepatitis B and C. It sought to assess the effectiveness of awareness campaigns and the role of healthcare professionals in disease identification and management.
Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data collection through surveys distributed among 150 participants, including 102 males and 48 females from rural and urban areas. The survey consisted of three parts: an evaluation of patient self-help groups, liver disease awareness campaigns, and public health initiatives' commitment against viral hepatitis. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, focusing on the correlation between demographic variables, awareness levels, and the impact of educational campaigns.
Results: The findings revealed a significant correlation between awareness levels and participation in self-help groups (r=.564, p<.000). Urban participants showed slightly lower awareness scores (Mean=81.69, SD=14.00 for Total1; Mean=121.81, SD=19.52 for Total2) compared to rural participants (Mean=82.27, SD=12.10 for Total1; Mean=125.75, SD=17.73 for Total2). Gender analysis indicated higher awareness among females (Mean=83.56, SD=13.65 for Total1; Mean=125.60, SD=19.21 for Total2) than males (Mean=81.42, SD=12.11 for Total1; Mean=124.20, SD=17.89 for Total2). Despite the efforts of patient groups, a gap in healthcare professionals' knowledge about viral hepatitis was noted, with no specialized training programs available for general practitioners.
Conclusion: The study underscores the crucial role of patient self-help groups and targeted awareness campaigns in improving the management and awareness of hepatitis B and C in Punjab. However, the lack of knowledge among healthcare professionals about viral hepatitis highlights the need for comprehensive training programs. Enhancing public health strategies and educational initiatives could significantly contribute to early disease detection and management, reducing the burden of viral hepatitis.
Meningkatkan Kreatifitas Imanjinasi Pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Melalui Penggunaan Technique Cloze Dilition (TCD) Dalam Pembelajaran Puisi Untuk Siswa Kelas VI SD Negeri No. 07 Sungai Tawar Kecamatan Koto XI Tarusan
Authors: Eti
Published: February 2024

Puisi merupakan materi sastra yang ada di SD. Karena puisi merupakan suatu karya sastra yang dilupakan secara sepontan dengan mempergunakan imajinasi sebagai pembantu akal pikiran, maka dalam penyajian puisi pada siswa hendaknya menggunakan suatu cara atau tehnik yang tepat agar siswa dapat berimajinasi seperti yang dilakukan oleh pengarang. Dengan daya imajinasi yang kuat terhadap puisi. Melalui Pembelajaran bahasa indonesia untuk Penggunaan Technique Cloze Dilition (TCD) Dalam Pembelajaran Puisi  Untuk Meningkatkan Kreatifitas Imanjinasi  Pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Siswa Kelas VI SD Negeri No.07 Sungai Tawar Kecamatan Koto XI Tarusan. Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan untuk mencapai tujuan di atas adalah penelitian tindakan kelas Melalui Pembelajaran bahasa indonesia untuk Meningkatkan kreatifitas imanjinasi. Pelaksnaan penelitian ini di kelas VI SD Negeri No.07 Sungai Tawar Kecamatan Koto XI Tarusan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa Melalui Pembelajaran bahasa indonesia menunjukan peningktan mulai dari hasil tes formatif. Hal tersebut berarti Melalui Pembelajaran bahasa indonesia berhasil meningkatkan kreatifitas imanjinasi siswa.
Max Blecher în periferia imaginară a Europei Centrale
Authors:   Universitatea de Vest, Timișoara, Glăvan Gabriela
Published: February 2024

Max Blecher’s connections with the Central-European imagination, critically established through comparative readings of Franz Kafka and Bruno Schulz, could be revisited not only comparatively, but also by tackling some key issues in his work and biography that may confirm the writer’s belonging to this vast intellectual territory. Provincial spaces, marginality, uncertainties regarding identity, existential confusion, immaturity, the invasion of objects and the artificial, all reveal a perspective upon literature that may function, in the absence of geographical belonging, as a bridge and connection between worlds that mirror their essence and difference.
Centenarul la polonezi și la români. Istoria unei retorici culturale
Authors:   Universitatea Jagiellonă din Cracovia, Jurczak Kazimierz
Published: February 2024

Starting from the centenary of the Great Union and, respectively, of the Regainment of Independence, celebrated by Romanians and Poles in 2018, the text confronts the contemporary perspective on them with the historical realities from one hundred years ago. The author declares himself against the thesis according to which there are similarities between the historical fate of the two states/nations and he proves this through a series of arguments. It is analyzed, among others, the internal political situation in both of the countries, the position of the interwar political leaders (Piłsudski, Dmowski, Averescu, Brătianu etc.), the confrontations of ideas etc. A special chapter is dedicated to the way of perceving of the historical moment of 1918 during the communist period.
Naționalism și patriotism în memorialistica românească din Primul Război Mondial. Două studii de caz: Voicu Nițescu și Elie Bufnea
Authors:   Universitatea de Vest din Timișoara, Tucan Dumitru
Published: February 2024

This article sets out to examine Elie Bufnea’s memoirs (Crusaders, Tyrants, and Crooks; Cruciați, 􀀷irani și Bandiți – vol. I, In the Soviets Russia; În Rusia sovietelor, vol. II, In Kolchak’s Siberia; „În Siberia lui Kolciak” – 1931) and Voicu Nițescu’s memoirs (Twenty Months in Russia and Siberia; „Douăzeci de luni în Rusia și Siberia”, 3 vol.: 1926, 1928, 1932), resulting from their personal experience in revolutionary Russia, plagued by civil war, at the end of WW I. The two Transylvanian authors were involved in the organization of the Romanian Volunteer Corps in Russia, created from ethnic Romanian prisoners from Austria-Hungary. It is true that these memoirs not only document the historical times, but also give voice to the first authentic exploration of the historical trauma in the Romanian space. However, what is perhaps more important is that they both share an ‘open’ rhetoric that combines a nationalist discourse with critical reflection and an awareness of current social and political tensions. Their rhetorical choice grants more value to their memoirs, i.e. a natural expression of ‘patriotic’ emotions, experienced in the midst of troubled historical times.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BANGUNAN DENGAN ARSITEKTUR TRADISIONAL DI ERA BALI MODERN
Authors: PRATAMA I PUTU ANDIKA , Fajar Ni Made Anggia Paramesthi , Puspitaningrat Dewa Agung Ayu Mas
Published: February 2024

Arsitektur tradisional Bali seiring perkembangan jaman semakin tergerus oleh seniarsitektur modern dan juga terjadinya kerusakan-kerusakan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut,adapun rumusan masalah yang dapat dikaji yaitu: (1) Bagaimanakah perlindunganbangunan arsitektur tradisional di era Bali modern, dan (2) Bagaimanakah permasalahanterkait pelestarian arsitektur tradisional di era Bali modern.Penelitian ini merupakan Doctrinal Research dengan menggunakan bahan hukumprimer, sekunder dan tersier. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum dilakukan dengan sistemkartu dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan fakta, dan pendekatan analisiskonseptual.Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu: Pertama, Secara hukum nasional, arsitektur tradisionalBali merupakan salah satu cagar budaya dan diatur di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor5 Tahun 1992 tentang Benda Cagar Budaya. Sedangkan di Provinsi Bali, arsitekturtradisional Bali telah diatur di dalam Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Nomor 5 Tahun2005 tentang Persyaratan Arsitektur Bangunan Gedung; Kedua, Salah satu cara yangdilakukan oleh Pemerintah Provinsi Bali untuk pelestarian arsitektur tradisional Baliadalah dengan mengaplikasikannya pada bangunan gedung. Arsitektur Bali selaindigunakan dalam bentuk fisik dari bangunan gedung, juga diberlakukan untuk desainpagar dan gerbang disepanjang jalan raya dan jalan lingkungan. Arsitektur Bali jugadiwajibkan untuk digunakan terhadap bangunan atau gedung milik pemerintah, rumahdinas maupun rumah jabatan.
Evaluation of an online learning package developed to support the COVID-19 response of nurses working in Regional and Atoll Hospitals in the Maldives
Authors: IBRAHIM ASIYA , SHAFIA AMINATH
Published: February 2024

In the global crisis of COVID-19 pandemic and the unparalleled health emergency, nurses are the largest healthcare professional group providing frontline care in hospitals as well as other areas such as quarantine and isolation facilities. Additionally, due to the nurses’ vital role in the care and management of the COVID-19 patients it is important that lifesaving information is delivered to them as well as other health professionals. Hence, School of Nursing (SN), Maldives National University (MNU) developed a short online learning course on nursing care of COVID-19 patients as per the request of the Ministry of Health (MoH), Maldives. The aim of the research was to evaluate the online learning package developed in the Maldivian context for nurses with little or no previous knowledge and skills in the care of COVID-19 patients. A cross sectional online questionnaire survey was used to collect data and an exploratory analysis was conducted. The quantitative findings showed that majority of nurses found the learning package more than satisfactory in each aspect evaluated. The overall consensus of the qualitative findings were the participants found learning online very helpful and informative. Therefore, the findings of this study can be considered as a useful baseline for developing short term online courses to address learning needs in emergency situations such as pandemics.
Using the dynamic model of educational effectiveness to detect effective teaching characteristics in the Maldives
Authors: MUSTHAFA HAWWA SHIUNA
Published: February 2024

The conceptual framework of the Dynamic Model of Educational Effectiveness (DMEE) was used to detect effective characteristics of teaching in the Maldives. The sample consisted of grade four students (N =350) and class teachers (N =31) from eight primary schools in the urban capital city of Male’, Maldives. The study is a quantitative research and adopts an experimental design where the second low-inference observation instrument and the student questionnaire of the DMEE was used in the collection of classroom data through multi-stage sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics are then used to describe the basic features of the data in study. Results revealed that there are many dimensions from the DMEE valued at 0. This is an indication that teaching factors such as structuring, application, modelling or questioning did not occur at all in some Maldivian classrooms. However, on an average, across the teacher sample, enough time was detected (3 minutes) for structuring activities, 12 minutes for application activities. Though it is to be noted there are great variations in this find. The most important find from the study is that the minimum value recorded for all the teaching factors in the differentiation dimension is zero indicating there is no differentiated teaching detected in Maldivian classrooms as well. Implications are then drawn for teachers’ professional development in the Maldives.
Assessment of trans-fats in the Maldivian diet
Authors: RAHEEMA ABDUL RAHEEM  , NAILA AISHATH , SHAHEEN ISMAIL AISHATH , KASTURI KAMAL
Published: February 2024

Consumption of trans-fatty acids (TFA), which are unsaturated fatty acids, are associated with increased risk of non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the trans-fat content in foods consumed by the Maldivian population and their frequency of consumption of fatty foods likely to contain TFA. The methodology consists of a cross-sectional survey of 600 participants. A screening questionnaire was used to measure/assess the frequency of consumptions of foods containing trans-fats. The results showed that the frequency of consumption of foods containing trans-fats/trans-fatty acids were low among the study participants. Some participants reported that they consume locally-made foods or imported foods which contain trans-fats. Since the Maldives do not have legislations to ban trans-fats from food supplies, the country may be vulnerable to importing foods containing high trans-fats. Therefore, the Maldives may need to consider developing policies on TFA content in oils and foods.
Application of food preservatives and food additives in making Maldivian food products
Authors: ZUHA MARIYAM , SIMYAAN SHAREEF MOHAMED , NAILA AISHATH
Published: February 2024

Food additives play a huge role in food safety and development of various food products. Stabilizers are one of the food additives which help in increasing the stability as well as the viscosity of the food products. Stabilizers are found in almost all of the dairy products, desserts and many beverages. In addition, food colours are added to different types of foods to increase shelf life, visual attractiveness and to compensate for natural colour variations. Food dyes utilized in colouring mostly come from natural or artificial sources. The objectives of this study were to produce coconut ice cream using agar-agar stabilizer, conduct a sensory evaluation by a panel of 20 people using Likert scale to see the acceptability of the ice cream. Parameters like melting time and the presence of air bubbles were observed after freezing of the ice cream. Based on the sensory evaluation, for the overall acceptance of the ice cream a score of 9 was given. The results showed that it had a melt run of 130s/g and many air bubbles were formed before and after freezing. In the second part, a traditional Maldivian sweet known as “Ulhaali”was produced by adding beetroot extract into its key ingredient coconut honey or “Dhiyaa hakuru”, and ran a sensory evaluation of the product by a group of 15 participants, in terms of colour, aroma and taste, in order to draw a conclusion regarding the acceptability of the addition of the natural food colourant into the Maldivian sweet. Factors such as the colour retention was observed before and after frying. From the results obtained for the sensory evaluation, the product was highly accepted by the participants as all three descriptors received scores of 8.5 and above out of 10, and after addressing the limitations, the success of the study was rather high.
Leadership in state-owned enterprises of the Maldives
Authors: SINAU ABDULLA
Published: February 2024

Leadership is often attributed to the successes and failures of different types of organisations existing in various contexts. The aim of this quantitative correlation study is to analyse the prevalent leadership styles in state-owned enterprises (SOE) of the Maldives and its relationship with the financial performance. Additionally, it looked at the possible contextual factors which could influence leadership styles of the SOEs. The study includes 10 SOEs from the Maldives and analyses their leadership style using the data collected from the managers of the SOEs using a Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) questionnaire. The contextual influence was analysed using Likert scale questions structured based on the Maldivian context and the existing literature. Financial performance was analysed by comparing return on capital employed (ROCE) of the SOEs, which was collected through the annual reports published by the enterprises. The findings of the study showed that transformational leadership style was common in the SOEs of the Maldives. It also highlighted a significant negative correlation with the contextual factors and transformational leadership style. Contrary to most existing literature, the study did not find any significant correlations with leadership style and financial performance. The findings of the study could be of help to the government in appointing leaders and in setting up regulations for the SOEs. The results of the study also suggest the need for further research to more confidently comment about the importance of leadership style in the SOE domain.
Exploring the challenges in initiating community-based tourism: a case study of Thaa Guraidhoo, Maldive
Authors: NAAIM NAZIM MOHAMED
Published: February 2024

Community Based Tourism (CBT) has bloomed in the Maldives in the past decade. However, islanders have yet to explore CBT. The purpose of this study is to explore the challenges in initiating CBT in Thaa Guraidhoo. In the Maldives, CBT is identified as “Local Island Tourism” (LIT), where guesthouses are run by families. For the year 2019, state 40% of all guesthouses are in Kaafu atoll. There are only 3 guesthouses in Thaa Atoll alone, indicating that there has been a lack of participation in CBT. Maldives is a country that focuses on selling its sun, sand, and sea (Ministry of Tourism Arts & Culture, 2012). However, with the country becoming more open to the idea of CBT, a study in this field is required. An exploratory research was conducted by collecting qualitative data through purposive sampling via interviews. An inductive approach, to some extent theory-driven, has been taken for the study. Four major factors were identified as challenges in CBT initiation. The study highlights a need for land use planning, a monitoring framework for tourism development and, public transport systems.
Use of aminoquinolines as a prophylactic agent against COVID‑19 in frontline workers‑ A critical review
Authors: RASHMEE FATHMATH
Published: February 2024

Emerging and reemerging pathogens are global challenges for public health. The infectious disease COVID‑19 caused by SARS‑ CoV‑2, a newly emerged beta coronavirus is spreading throughout the globe. There is currently no specific treatment nor a vaccine available for the disease, though the pandemic continues to grow, the scientific community is searching eagerly to employ a prophylactic drug that could decrease COVID‑19 spread. As chemoprophylaxis is an acceptable approach in mitigating infectious diseases, discovering an efficient chemoprophylactic agent could be one way to potentially control COVID‑19. There have been several existing drugs repurposing for the treatment and prevention of COVID‑19. Most research efforts are focused on the 4‑aminoquinoline derivative compounds hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ). A literature search was performed using Google Scholar and PUBMED to find articles about the role of CQ/HCQ as a prophylaxis to COVID‑19. In addition, a review of all the clinical trials registered in clinical trials.gov focusing on HCQ and its role as prophylaxis for COVID‑19 in frontline workers is also included in this review. A total of 59 publications are included, of these 24 are ongoing clinical trials, and 35 publications including pre‑clinical and clinical studies as well as systematic reviews, research letters/ correspondence, opinions, and viewpoints have been included, in the intention to outline the current evidence regarding the benefits and harms of using HCQ/CQ as a prophylactic for COVID‑19 in frontline workers, in addition, to provide an overall picture of the use of these drugs around the world, for this purpose. In conclusion, the literature does not yet present well‑designed clinical studies that demonstrate HCQ/COQ effectiveness in COVID‑19, However, we are in a race against time to find effective treatments and preventive measures against the growing pandemic, considering the repositioning drugs like 4‑aminoquinoline derivatives CQ and HCQ, that shows antiviral efficacy against SARS‑CoV‑2 , which are easily available, affordable, and have a good safety profile, in a resource‑poor country, like the Maldives, will benefit the healthcare system and augment the safety of frontline workers against COVID‑19.
Some important factors to consider in investigating and sentencing adultery cases
Authors: ABDUL RAHMAN ABDUL SATTAR
Published: February 2024

The objective of this research is to elucidate the feasibility of investigating cases of adultery by institutional bodies within the legal framework of the Maldives. This study explains the principles mandated by Islamic Shariah when adjudicating such cases within the court system and delineates the guidelines governing the investigation of these cases. Additionally, this research explores the mechanisms for addressing any infractions of Shariah principles within this context. The methodological approach adopted for this study involves a systematic review of existing literature. The findings of this investigation underscore the significance of evaluating adultery cases from the perspective of potential exoneration for the accused. This perspective is rooted in the understanding that such cases pertain primarily to the individual’s relationship with Allah and do not inherently infringe upon the rights of other human beings.
 
ޒިނޭގެ މައްސަލަތަކާއި ބަދުއަޚުލާޤީ މައްސަލަތައް ތަޙުޤީޤު ކުރުމުގައްޔާއި ޙުކުމް ކުރުމުގައި ބަލަންޖެހޭ ބައެއް މުހިއްމު ކަންތައްތައް
ޚުލާޞާ: މިދިރާސާގެ މަޤުޞަދަކީ މާތް ﷲ ގެ ޙައްޤުތަކާ ގުޅުންހުރި ޙައްޤުތަކުގެ ތެރެއިން ދެ ޙައްޤެއްކަމުގައިވާ ޒިނޭއާއި ބަދު ޢަޚުލާޤީ މައްސަލަތައް ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ މުއައްސަސާއަކުން ތަޙުޤީޤުކުރަމުން ގެންދާއިރު މިފަދަ މައްސަލަތަކަކީ އެ މުއައްސަސާއަށް ބެލިދާނެ މައްސަލަތަކެއްތޯ، ނުވަތަ ނޫންތޯ ބަޔާންކޮށްދިނުމާއި، އަދި މިފަދަ މައްސަލަތަކަށް ކޯޓުން ޙުކުމްކުރާއިރު އިސްލާމީ ޝަރީޢަތުގައި ރިޢާޔަތްކުރުމަށް ކަނޑައަޅުއްވާފައިވާ މިންގަނޑު ބަޔާންކުރުމާއި މިފަދަ މައްސަލަތައް ތަޙުޤީޤު ކުރުމުގައްޔާއި، މިފަދަ މައްސަލަތަކަށް ޙުކުމްކުރުމުގައި ހިފަހަށްންޓަންޖެހޭ މިންގަޑުތަކަކީ ކޮބައިތޯ ބަޔާންކުރުމާއި، އަދި މިކަމުގައި ޝަރީޢަތާ ޚިލާފުކަމެއް އުޅޭނަމަ އެކަމެއް ރަނގަޅުކުރެވޭނެ ގޮތް ބަޔާންކުރުމާއި، މުސްތަޤުބަލުގައި މިފަދަ މައްސަލަތައް ޝަރީޢަތުގެ ހަމަތަކާއި އުޞޫލުގެ ތެރެއިން ގެންދެވިދާނެގޮތް ބަޔާންކޮށް އެކަން އިޞްލާޙުކުރުމެވެ.
Perception of E-Learning among medical students of the Maldives National University, Republic of Maldives, during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: SHEKAR KUMAR YAD AV  , SHAISTHA ZUBAIR
Published: February 2024

Introduction: The outbreak of COVID‑19 has led to the closure of medical schools all over the world. Maldives National University (MNU), School of Medicine adopted Electronic learning (e‑learning) to prevent educational disruption. Adopting e‑learning needs a clear understanding of the student’s characteristics, perception and local culture. This study aims to find out medical students’ perception of e‑learning mode, effectiveness and their readiness to its adoption in a blended environment along with face‑to‑face learning.
Perceptions of Leprosy in the Maldives: A cross-sectional study
Authors: MOOSA SHEENA , ABDUL RAHEEM RAHEEMA , ALI SHEEZA , SALEEM SANA , RYAN SHAH RASHEED
Published: February 2024

The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding leprosy. A cross sectional survey of a nationally representative sample was implemented among the resident adult population (18 years and above) across the islands of Maldives. The survey sample size estimated was 1181 and a total of 1024 respondents completed the survey accounting for a response rate of 86.7%. The questions to measure indicators of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding leprosy were adopted from existing validated instruments used for leprosy KAP studies. The findings show a low level of knowledge with a mean of 3.5 in the KAP measure, where the maximum score is eight. However, the attitude and practices score does not indicate a high level of negative attitudes and practices (below the mid-point). The mean score of EMIC-CSS is 12, slight inclination towards less negative attitudes (EMIC-CSS scale scores ranges from zero = no negative attitudes, to 30 = most negative attitudes). The mean score of SDS is 8.9 indicating moderate level of negative practices (SDS scale scores ranges from zero = no negative practices to 21 = most negative practices). As Leprosy in the Maldives is no longer a public health burden, and the disease prevalence is extremely low, it has created a situation where there is very little awareness and correct knowledge about the disease among the public as well as health care workers. The attitudes and practices from the family and community are not at alarming levels in terms of stigma and social distancing. However, the low level of knowledge raises the concern that cases may be missed and as patients may be missed as they may not seek healthcare for early diagnosis and treatment
Quantitative and qualitative research methods: Considerations and issues in qualitative research
Authors: HAMEED HASSAN
Published: February 2024

In the past four decades, research using qualitative methods is increasingly being used to create images of reality. The methods present a challenge because the process of collection and organization of these images are not well-defined. This paper, after summarizing the features of quantitative and qualitative research, outlines the major considerations in delimiting and interpreting qualitative inquiries.
Determinants of socioeconomic experiences during COVID-19 pandemic in the Maldives
Authors: SHIUNA MUSTHAFA HAWWA , RIYAZ AMINATH , MOOSA SHEENA , ABDUL RAHEEM RAHEEMA , ZEEN NAEEM AISHATH
Published: February 2024

This paper evaluates the individual experiences and perceptions of the public about the COVID-19 pandemic in the Maldives. The data was collected from a probability sample comprising 1026 (n=433 urban, n=593 rural) respondents using an online survey. The results show that less than 1% of the respondents tested positive for COVID-19 at the time. The fear of the pandemic, in terms of probable health and economic impact, was significantly higher than the actual experience of the pandemic with 6.8 percent reporting loss of employment. Participants who considered religion as very important show a higher psychological wellbeing. Over 12% of the participants believed that the pandemic to be a hoax. The findings showed inclination of the people lay more towards solidarity rather than hostility during these trying times, with at least one third of the respondents identifying with complete solidarity. The findings provide suggestions for health practitioners to communicate more effectively with the public during the crisis.
Stability of Values and Opinions During the COVID-19 Crisis: Panel Study Data from The Maldives
Authors: MUSTHAFA HAWWA SHIUNA , MOOSA SHEENA , RIYAZ AMINATH , RAHEEMA ABDUL RAHEEM
Published: February 2024

The underlying assumption of the present COVID-19 crisis is that it can profoundly change the public values and opinions during its various phases leading to permanent societal and economic changes. This research is part of a longitudinal study of values in a crisis during the different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. The same set of respondents from the wave 1 of Values in Crisis (VIC) survey of May 2020 (n=1026) were invited to participate in wave 2 in November 2021, achieving a response rate of 60.0% (n=615). To check the stability of values, Kendall’s tau-b coefficient was used to estimate the correlation coefficient to measure the strength of association of selected variables. These include national pride, political orientation, faith, social trust, financial satisfaction, work-life balance, satisfaction with life and social relations, health, trust in institutions, and social cohesion. The main findings indicate that, during the two years of the crisis, values and opinions remained largely stable in the Maldives. The research concludes with reflections drawn and opens avenues for debate for social science practitioners expecting drastic changes in people’s values and opinions due to the COVID-19 crisis.
Lived experience of subject matter experts in the instructional design process for blended learning at The Maldives National University: a phenomenological study
Authors: ADAM IBRAHIM
Published: February 2024

Blended learning requires the detailed combination of both in-person and online learning activities. To achieve the best result of improved learning outcomes, the conversion of a face-to-face course for blended learning delivery should follow a systematic process of instructional designing. The process involves collaboration between instructional designers (IDs), who are well-trained in adult pedagogical methods, and faculty Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), who provide expertise on the content to be delivered through the blended course. As a review measure on the instructional design process at the Maldives National University (MNU), this study explored the experiences of SMEs as they interact with instructional designers to design and develop blended learning courses. Ten SMEs who collaborated with instructional designers in the instructional design process for different subjects for the past four years were interviewed to share their experience. The thematic analysis of the results depicted that the instructional designing process improved their pedagogical approach and delivery with increased student satisfaction and made the teaching and learning process easier and effective. Along with it many agreed that the academic workload is a major challenge. The study implies instructional design process as a requirement for the best result of improved learning outcomes in blended learning. The process allows the implementation of blended course structures and pedagogical choices for interaction, material distribution, learning facilitation, direct instruction and constructed organisation and design throughout the course with dedicated student participation and critical reflections for both in-person and online learning. Hence, the process should be continued and solutions should be sought to overcome the challenges for the successful implementation.
The Role of the Caspian Energy Game in Central Asian History
Authors: Genc Savas
Published: February 2024

One significant geopolitical consequence of the demise of the Soviet Union was the rise of intense political and commercial competition for control over the vast energy resources of the newly independent and vulnerable states of the Caucasus and Central Asia. Following the collapse of Communism, the ex-Soviet republics of Central Asia, particularly Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, have been trying to exploit their natural resources, since they consider oil to be the prime means of securing their economic and political independence. This article is an independent analysis of the main issues facing the oil and gas sector developments in the countries of the former Soviet Union gifted with major petroleum resources: Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan in Transcaucasia. Will Caspian oil redraw the global energy map? What is the importance of the Caspian oil for the world market? And what is Caspian energy potential in Central Asian history?
The effects of medicinal plants: “Viscum album, Juniperus communis and Xanthium strumarium” leaf extracts on fibroblastic L929 and BHK21 immune cells
Authors: Shkreli Rezarta , Naji Tahereh , Shams Kimiya , Ahmadi Rahim
Published: February 2024

Although reports indicate that Viscum album and Juniperus communis extracts affect immune system function, their impact on fibroblastic cells proliferation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant capacity of Viscum album, Juniperus communis and Xanthium strumarium leaf aqueous and ethanol extracts and their cytotoxic effects on L929 and BHK21 cells.

The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was measured using the DPPH method. L929 and BHK21 cells were treated with 0.001 mg/ml, 0.01 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml of the extracts for 24h in a complete growth medium. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.

Lower concentrations (0.001, 0.01 and 0.1) mg/ml of Viscum album and Junipeurs communis leaf extracts exhibited higher antioxidant capacity and had no significant cytotoxic effects on L929 and BHK21 cells, however, higher concentrations (1 and 10) mg/ml had lower antioxidant activity and exhibited cytotoxic effects on the cells. Lower and higher concentrations of Xanthium strumarium leaf extracts significantly increased L929 and BHK21 cells viability.

Despite higher concentrations, lower concentrations of ethanol and aqueous Viscum album and Junipeurs communis have positive effects on fibroblastic L929 and BHK21 cells viability; however, ethanol and aqueous leaf extracts of Xanthium strumarium have no cytotoxic effects on L929 and BHK21 cells, which, therefore, can improve immune system function safer than Viscum album and Juniperus communis.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN PESERTA DIDIK KELAS V DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS DI SDIT USWATUN HASANAH BOGOR MELALUI METODE TEAM GAMES TOURNAMENT
Authors: Siti Nurjanah  , Luh Ade Yuanita Andriani
Published: February 2024

Pembelajaran bahasa Inggris adalah pembelajaran yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berkomunikasi dalam bahasa Inggris baik dalam bentuk lisan maupun tulisan. Akan tetapi, masih banyak peserta didik yang belum percaya diri untuk mempraktikan pengucapan menggunakan bahasa Inggris. Selain itu, beberapa peserta didik belum mampu memahami makna dari kosakata bahasa Inggris. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengatasi permaslahan tersebut peneliti ingin menggunakan model pembelajaran Team Games Tournament (TGT) terhadap keaktifan peserta didik dalam pelajaran bahasa Inggris kelas V di Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Uswatun Hasanah Bogor pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Dengan demikian, peneliti akan memberikan penyelesaian untuk menciptakan suasana kelas yang menarik, yang dapat menimbulkan keaktifan, minat dan semangat belajar, serta meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik khususnya dalam pelajaran bahasa Inggris melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Games Tournament (TGT). Hasil peneltian menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan keaktifan belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran bahasa Inggris melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Games Tournament (TGT). Pada siklus I Model pembelajaran Team Games Tournament (TGT) dapat meningkatkan keaktifan peserta didik. Dengan perolehan siklus I pada kriteria sangat baik sebesar 46% (5 orang), kriteria baik sebesar 18% (2 orang) , kriteria cukup baik sebesar 18% (2 orang), kriteria kurang baik sebesar 9% (1 orang), dan 1 orang peserta didik tidak hadir dengan presentase 9%. Sedangkan pada siklus II terjadi kenaikan perolehan keaktifan belajar peserta didik dengan kriteria sangat baik sebesar 81,9% (9 orang), kriteria baik sebesar 9,1% (1 orang), kriteria cukup baik dan kurang baik sebesar 0% (tidak ada), dan ketidak hadiran peserta didik 9,1% (1 orang). Model pembelajaran Team Games Tournament (TGT) yang dilakukan dapat mempertahankan hasil belajar peserta didik dengan tuntas, dengan perolehan siklus I dan siklus II ketuntasan sebesar 90,1%.