bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The applicability of paleontological research to the study of climate change
Authors: Enugu Shreyank
Published: October 2024

Paleontology—the study of prehistoric organisms, how they evolved, and what environments they lived in—can be a crucial source for understanding climate change as a whole. By studying prehistoric climates, researchers can deduce how animals in the past reacted to these climate shifts and whether they survived or went extinct. Unfortunately, various stereotypes and biases against the study of prehistoric climates, formally known as paleoclimatic studies, and the question of reliability from proxy data and climate models restrain the field’s potential to help create sufficient emergency measures for a swiftly-changing planet. This paper reviews why paleoclimatic data is assumed irrelevant in professional and public spaces and questions this skepticism. By creating a bridge between climate-caused extinction-level events and modern phenomena, we can determine the consequences of global warming that could have a destructive impact on the planet in the future.
Sarcasm Detection Based on Sentiment Analysis of Audio Corpus Using Deep Learning
Authors: Ms. Reetu Awasthi  , Dr. Vinay Chavan
Published: October 2024

With the rapid progress in digitalization, hundreds of services and applications have begun to depend on human-machine communication, primarily voice-based. As technology advances, it has become increasingly imperative to develop systems that can discern sophisticated emotions from humans, like sarcasm. Despite research that has been conducted on the detection and analysis of speech signals to try and understand emotion, the detection of sarcasm, which is often not overtly expressed, is quite far from something that has received the attention it deserves in recent years. It plays a very important role in any utterance, searching to identify the psychology, mood, or even health behind it. Hence, it does give interactions with humans a more human-like flavor while raising the feeling of understanding human emotions.
This article tries to identify sarcasm in speech using audio data derived from real-world, spontaneous, monolingual corpora. In this classification process, a deep learning classifier known as CNN-LSTM model is used. Results of the study showed that a robust combination between feature extraction through convolutional layers and sequential learning through LSTM layers can identify intricate speech patterns in sarcasm. Experimented and validated in terms of performance, this model shows the model to be very good at discriminating between sarcastic and no sarcastic speech, thus promoting it for more extensive use in various applications related to sentiment analysis and in human-computer interaction applications.
The results show that this system provides far much closer approximations to human interaction styles, but its impact would extend into a wide area from customer services, monitoring mental health, and even AI-driven communication systems. It is a monolingual and spontaneous corpus that will open the gates for further work and development down the line and possibly extend to multilingual and more diversified speech contexts, thus fine-tuning accuracy in practical scenarios of sarcasm detection.
Audit Sistem Informasi Pada CV. Tama Joga Raya Berdasarkan Analisis Cobit
Authors: Kencana Kartika Cahya , Suryantoro Bambang , Jason Jason
Published: October 2024

Pengendalian internal terhadap sebuah sistem informasi merupakan hal yang penting dan bersifat strategis. Oleh karena itu pemahaman dan kesadaran akan hal ini sangat perlu diperhatikan oleh segenap pemilik serta pengguna aplikasi. Dengan pengendalian internal yang memadai maka diharapkan hal ini akan menjamin informasi yang dihasilkan memang bermutu dan sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan. Sebagai sebuah perusahaan yang berkomitmen melakukan filosofi Continous Improvement atau Kaizen, CV. Tama Joga Raya berencana untuk memperbaiki sistem informasi perusahaan dengan mengimplementasikan program yang bernama SQL Trade. maka penulis melakukan penelitian mengenai keberadaan pengendalian internal menurut CobIT dari masing-masing subsistem pada pengendalian umum dan pengendalian aplikasi, yaitu boundary control, input control, process controldan output control. Penelitian dalam Skripsi ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif sehingga tidak perlu menggunakan hipotesis dan statistik. Hasil penelitian pada CV. Tama Joga Raya berdasarkan CobIT adalah Qualified.
Analisis Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas, Leverage, Kepemilikan Institusional, Dan Kepemilikan Asing Terhadap Pengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan
Authors: Ruslaini Ruslaini , Iskandarsyah Egastia Lazuardie
Published: October 2024

Di era globalisasi ini fokus perusahaan tidak hanya mencari laba, tetapi juga dituntut untuk melakukan tanggung jawab sosial kepada masyarakat dan lingkungan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh ukuran perusahaan,profitabilitas, leverage, kepemilikan institusional, dan kepemilikan asing terhadap pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan. Pengukuran tanggung jawab sosial didasarkan pada Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Index versi 3.0. yang dilihat dalam laporan tahunan perusahaan. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode tahun 2009 hingga 2012. Dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling diperoleh 18 perusahaan sampel dalampenelitian ini. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linear berganda untuk mengetahui hubungan variabel-variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan ukuran perusahaan,profitabilitas, leverage, kepemilikan institusional, dan kepemilikan asing berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pengungkapan sosial perusahaan yang terdaftar dalam Bursa Efek Indonesia periode tahun 2009 hingga 2012. Secara parsial ukuran perusahaan, leverage, dan kepemilikan asing berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan secara parsial. Sedangkan profitabilitas dan kepemilikan institusional tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan.
Analisis Pengaruh Nilai Tambah Ekonomi (Eva) Dan Inflasi Terhadap Pajak Penghasilan Badan Terutang
Authors: Kasih Ekawahyu , Manikam Ratna Mutu
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh nilai tambah ekonomi (EVA) dan inflasi terhadap pajak penghasilan badan terutang pada perusahaan yang terdaftar pada sektor indeks LQ 45 di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sampel penelitian ini diambil dari 45 perusahaan yang sahamnya termasuk dalam sektor indeks LQ 45 periode Januari 2006 sampai dengan Desember 2009, terpilih 9 perusahaan sebagai sampel yang merupakan saham yang listing dan periode penelitiannya terus menerus masuk dalam indeks LQ 45 di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode penelitian yang dipilih berdasarkan dari purposive random sampling. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah time series dengan data penelitian selama 4 tahun dan alat bantu analisis SPSS 17.0 dengan beberapa metode pengujian asumsi klasik dan regresi linier berganda dalam menganalisis data. Berdasarkan pengujian simultan bahwa nilai tambah ekonomi (EVA) dan inflasi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pajak penghasilan badan terutang pada perusahaan yang terdaftar pada sektor indeks LQ 45. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari besarnya nilai Fhitung lebih besar dari Ftabel (3,380 > 3,2849) dan nilai signifikannya dibawah 0,05. Berdasarkan pengujian parsial bahwa nilai tambah ekonomi (EVA) berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pajak penghasilan badan terutang pada perusahaan yang terdaftar pada sektor indeks LQ 45. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari besarnya nilai thitung lebih besar dari ttabel (2,596 > 2,0345) dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,014 sedangkan inflasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap pajak penghasilan badan terutang karena besarnya nilai thitung lebih kecil dari ttabel (0,201 < 2,0345) dan nilai signifikannya sebesar 0,842
Kepemimpinan, Internal Organisasi, Kondisi Perekonomian,Regulasi Pemerintah, Perpajakan
Authors: Suryantoro Bambang
Published: October 2024

Produktivitas adalah kunci bagaimana meningkatkan taraf hidup semua kelompok dalam masyarakat; peran kepemimpinan penting dalam manajemen, memotivasi petugas dan seluruh karyawan untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan dan kepuasan konsumen; pemerintah dengan pembatasan regulasi dan perpajakan, perhatian dan sebagian masyarakat yang peduli terhadap lingkungan, serta antisipasi terhadap kondisi perekonomian yang sulit diprediksi. Tenaga kerja khususnya di pedesaan adalah industri rokok. Industri kecil (tipe IIIA) dan sangat kecil (tipe IIIB) dari industri rokok kretek tangan yang menyerap banyak tenaga kerja tersebar di banyak pedesaan di hampir semua kota dan kabupaten di Jawa Timur. Model analisisnya adalah: analisis deskriptif, analisis faktor dilanjutkan dengan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian membuktikan: Indikator perpajakan yaitu pajak cukai, harga eceran (HJE), dan pajak pertambahan nilai (PPN) merupakan faktor dominan dalam produktivitas dan memiliki efek signifikansi positif.
Business Plan Unit Usaha RAMAY (Rajanya Siomay)
Authors: Kasih Ekawahyu , Maritha Yuli
Published: October 2024

Konsep kewirausahaan sampai saat ini terus berkembang. Kewirausahaan adalah suatu sikap, jiwa dan kemampuan untuk menciptakan sesuatu yang baru yang sangat bernilai dan berguna bagi dirinya dan orang lain. Kewirausahaan merupakan sikap mental dan jiwa yang selalu aktif atau kreatif berdaya, bercipta, berkarya dan bersahaja dan berusaha dalam rangka meningkatkan pendapatan dalam kegiatan usahanya. Dalam menjalankan suatu kegiatan usahaada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan seperti memiliki visi dan tujuan yang jelas, inisiatif dan selalu proaktif, berorientasi pada prestasi, berani mengambil resiko, kerja keras serta bertanggung jawab terhadap aktivitas yang dijalankannya. Persaingan di dunia usaha memang tidak bisa dipungkiri hal tersebut terlihat dengan apa yang ditawarkan dan disajikannya sehingga kekuatan persaingan semakin besar seperti, peseteruan diantara perusahaan yang bersaing, potensi masuknya pesaing baru, potensi pengembangan produk pengganti, kekuatan tawar pemasok, kekuatan tawar konsumen. Untuk mencapai suatu sasaran betapa pentingnya strategi-strategi yang harus dilakukan agar kegiatan usaha dapat bertahan dan mampu bersaing dengan baik
Efeitos Terapêuticos da Música na Memória e Cognição de Pacientes com Alzheimer
Authors: Cajé Nunes Bianca , Lettycia Silva Almeida Lara , Luiza Barbosa Rodrigues Maria , Antônio Ramos Júnior Ricardo , Ingrid Nagata Di Filippo Yume
Published: October 2024

Introdução: A Doença de Alzheimer se destaca como a patologia neurodegenerativa mais frequente relacionada ao envelhecimento, resultando em um declínio contínuo nas funções cognitivas e nas dimensões neuropsiquiátricas. Apesar do uso frequentemente recorrente de intervenções medicamentosas, sua eficácia não é garantida, o que impulsiona a investigação de abordagens terapêuticas complementares, como a musicoterapia. Esta revisão sistemática tem como objetivo analisar os impactos da musicoterapia na memória e nas relações sociais de indivíduos diagnosticados com Alzheimer. Métodos e materiais: Foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática em plataformas como PubMed, Latindex, SciELO e o Repositório do IBGE, entre os dias 5 e 15 de setembro, utilizando termos relacionados à musicoterapia e Alzheimer. Foram selecionados estudos que envolveram pacientes com 60 anos ou mais, com diagnóstico de Alzheimer em estágios leve a moderado, que tivessem a musicoterapia como forma de intervenção. Artigos de opinião e aqueles com elevado risco de viés foram desconsiderados. Resultados e discussão: Foram escolhidos 12 estudos que evidenciam que a musicoterapia, ao ativar conexões neurais por meio da neuroplasticidade, tem o potencial de aprimorar os sintomas cognitivos e proporcionar vantagens psicossociais. Embora haja diferenças nos resultados obtidos nas pesquisas, as evidências sugerem que a musicoterapia pode diminuir a ansiedade e a depressão, além de melhorar a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos atendidos. As discrepâncias nos resultados são atribuídas à diversidade das amostras e às variadas metodologias utilizadas. Conclusão: A musicoterapia revelou-se uma abordagem promissora para aprimorar a memória e as funções cognitivas em indivíduos com Alzheimer, especialmente nas fases iniciais da condição. Adicionalmente, oferece vantagens psicossociais, configurando-se como uma terapia complementar valiosa ao tratamento convencional.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA EQUIPE MULTIDISCIPLINAR NO CUIDADO DE PACIENTES CRÍTICOS EM UTI
Authors: Rodrigues de Freitas Nivia Larice , Guedes Martha Evangelista , De Oliveira Gabriel Soares , Bezerra Matheus Alexandre , Araújo Jaqueline Barros da Silva , Ferreira Caio César
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo objetiva contribuir para a compreensão da relevância da equipe multidisciplinar, promovendo um auxílio aos desafios do cuidado intensivo e melhores resultados para os pacientes críticos.A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa, de caráter qualitativo, realizada entre janeiro e junho de 2024. Foram revisados artigos disponíveis nas bases de dados SciELO, PubMed e Google Scholar, utilizando os descritores “Unidade de Terapia Intensiva”, “Equipe de Saúde” e “Cuidados Críticos”. A seleção incluiu quinze estudos relevantes que abordavam a atuação de diferentes especialidades em UTIs. A análise focou em identificar o papel de cada membro da equipe, os benefícios de uma abordagem integrada e os desafios enfrentados na comunicação entre os profissionais de saúde.Os resultados indicam que a presença de uma equipe multidisciplinar nas UTIs melhora significativamente os desfechos clínicos dos pacientes, especialmente quando há uma comunicação eficaz e uma colaboração mútua entre os membros. A colaboração entre especialidades não apenas resulta em tratamentos mais seguros e eficientes, mas também melhora a experiência dos pacientes e familiares. Isso reforça a necessidade de um enfoque humanizado no cuidado intensivo, destacando a importância de promover treinamentos e protocolos que incentivem a comunicação e a colaboração entre os profissionais de saúde. A integração efetiva da equipe multidisciplinar é, portanto, um fator crucial para a melhoria dos resultados clínicos e da qualidade do atendimento nas UTIs.
Autismo e individuação atípica
Authors: De Araujo Ceres Alves , Assumpção Jr. Francisco Baptista
Published: October 2024

O artigo busca discutir o processo de individuação das pessoas com quadros de autismo, que são classificados como transtornos do espectro autista (TEA). O autismo é uma síndrome comportamental com etiologias biológicas múltiplas e evolução de um distúrbio do neurodesenvolvimento com prejuízo cognitivo caracterizado por déficit na interação social e no relacionamento com os outros, associado a alterações de linguagem e comportamento. As pessoas com autismo não seguem os trajetos típicos da estruturação da consciência humana. No autismo, pode-se constatar uma agenesia da função estruturante do Arquétipo Matriarcal, um desenvolvimento sem Eros. O daimon agindo no estado crônico de deficiência seria o Arquétipo do Inválido. ■
Identité et ascèse alimentaire chez les Antoniennes de Marie au Québec avant et après le Concile Vatican II
Authors: Bouchard Roseline
Published: October 2024

Le présent article vise à offrir une nouvelle perspective sur la construction des identités par l’étude des pratiques alimentaires d’une communauté religieuse québécoise de cuisinières. Nous envisagerons plus précisément la composante ascétique dans les pratiques alimentaires des Antoniennes de Marie, une communauté au service du clergé, de 1904 à 2013. À partir d’un travail de terrain et d’une recherche en archives, l’analyse démontre comment les voeux de pauvreté et de chasteté façonnent les pratiques de pénitences et de mortifications alimentaires ainsi que les manières de table. L’auteure constate des assouplissements importants dans ces usages après le Concile Vatican II.
Blockchain como sistema para cumplir con la obligación de control y registro de la jornada laboral de los trabajadores
Authors: Martínez Boada Javier
Published: October 2024

Actualmente, las personas tienen a su alcance un sinfín de tecnologías que facilitan sus tareas rutinarias y el cumplimiento de sus obligaciones dentro de la sociedad. Entre todas ellas, aflora la blockchain brindando numerosas funcionalidades que hasta ahora debían realizarse de forma analógica o mediante sistemas digitales menos desarrollados. Con esta tecnología los usuarios pueden realizar actuaciones más seguras, transparentes e inmutables, y los registros que contiene pueden ser distribuidos entre un sinnúmero de usuarios. De esta forma, dadas las novedosas características de la blockchain y su funcionalidad como base de datos, este trabajo tiene como finalidad proponer la blockchain como un sistema de registro de la jornada laboral de los trabajadores, eliminando toda posibilidad de alteración de los registros de jornada y dando la posibilidad de vincular la cadena con la Inspección de Trabajo en aras de cumplir con la legislación vigente.
Multiculturalism in Literature as a Vehicle for Promoting Social Justice and Empowerment
Authors: Abu Rass Ruwaida
Published: October 2024

This quantitative and qualitative research study investigates the contribution of the course Multiculturalism in Literature on Arab Muslim graduates of the B. Ed program, majoring in teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in a teacher training college in the central part of Israel.
The research participants took the course in their second year of studies from 2011 until 2017. Sixty-six participants out of a pool of 123 returned the questionnaire. Fifty-five of the respondents teach in Arab schools, and eleven in Jewish schools. Results show that the course helped them
promote their cross-cultural and intercultural understanding and communication, raise their awareness of social and political injustices, and feel empowered as members of a national minority group in Israel.
English as Additional Language (EAL) Status as a Determinant of Learning Environment, Attitudes and Achievement
Authors: Beekman Caroline , Fraser Barry J. , McLure Felicity I.
Published: October 2024

In the first learning environment study worldwide focusing on EAL (English as an Additional Language) students, we investigated whether EAL status is a determinant of classroom environment perceptions and student outcomes. Six modified scales from the What Is Happening In this Class?
(WIHIC), three modified scales from the Test of Science Related Attitudes (TOSRA), and an inquiry achievement test were administered to 721 South Australian middle-school science students. One-way MANOVA yielded significant differences between EAL and non-EAL learners for two learning environment
scales (Student Cohesiveness and Involvement) and two student outcomes (Future Intentions to Study Science and Achievement).
Safety and effectiveness of Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coil embolization for ruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Heo Kyu Sik , Ko Jung Ho
Published: October 2024

Objective: The treatment outcomes of ruptured intracranial aneurysms using the Neuroform Atlas stent were evaluated.Methods: This study represents a retrospective review that included patients who underwent endovascular treatment for ruptured aneurysms at a single institution. Between January 2018 and September 2022, endovascular treatments including simple coiling or Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coil embolization were performed in 191 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms.Results: Intraprocedural rupture was observed in 11 (8.7%) patients in the Simple Coiling (SC) group, which was slightly higher than that in 4 (6.3%) patients in the Neuroform Atlas stent-assisted coiling (NASAC) group (p=0.241). However, Thromboembolic event (TEE) was slightly more prevalent in the NASAC group, with 4 (6.3%) cases as compared to the 5 (3.9%) cases in the SC group (p=0.235). The retreatment rate was slightly higher in the SC group, with 19 (26.4%) patients as compared to the 10 patients (22.2%) in the NASAC group (p=0.342).Conclusions: The use of the Neuroform Atlas stent (NAS) for ruptured aneurysms might be safe and effective.
An atypical basement membrane forms a midline barrier during left-right asymmetric gut development in the chicken embryo
Authors: Demler Cora , Lawlor John Coates , Yelin Ronit , Llivichuzcha-Loja Dhana , Shaulov Lihi , Kim David , Stewart Megan , Lee Frank , Shylo Natalia A , Trainor Paul A , Schultheiss Thomas , Kurpios Natasza A
Published: October 2024

Correct intestinal morphogenesis depends on the early embryonic process of gut rotation, an evolutionarily conserved program in which a straight gut tube elongates and forms into its first loops. However, the gut tube requires guidance to loop in a reproducible manner. The dorsal mesentery (DM) connects the gut tube to the body and directs the lengthening gut into stereotypical loops via left-right (LR) asymmetric cellular and extracellular behavior. The LR asymmetry of the DM also governs blood and lymphatic vessel formation for the digestive tract, which is essential for prenatal organ development and postnatal vital functions including nutrient absorption. Although the genetic LR asymmetry of the DM has been extensively studied, a divider between the left and right DM has yet to be identified. Setting up LR asymmetry for the entire body requires a
Lefty1
+ midline barrier to separate the two sides of the embryo, without it, embryos have lethal or congenital LR patterning defects. Individual organs including the brain, heart, and gut also have LR asymmetry, and while the consequences of left and right signals mixing are severe or even lethal, organ-specific mechanisms for separating these signals are poorly understood. Here, we uncover a midline structure composed of a transient double basement membrane, which separates the left and right halves of the embryonic chick DM during the establishment of intestinal and vascular asymmetries. Unlike other basement membranes of the DM, the midline is resistant to disruption by intercalation of Netrin4 (Ntn4). We propose that this atypical midline forms the boundary between left and right sides and functions as a barrier necessary to establish and protect organ asymmetry.
Prolactin-mediates a lactation-induced suppression of arcuate kisspeptin neuronal activity necessary for lactational infertility in mice
Authors: Hackwell Eleni CR , Ladyman Sharon R , Clarkson Jenny , McQuillan H James , Boehm Ulrich , Herbison Allan E , Brown Rosemary SE , Grattan David R
Published: October 2024

The specific role that prolactin plays in lactational infertility, as distinct from other suckling or metabolic cues, remains unresolved. Here, deletion of the prolactin receptor (Prlr) from forebrain neurons or arcuate kisspeptin neurons resulted in failure to maintain normal lactation-induced suppression of estrous cycles. Kisspeptin immunoreactivity and pulsatile LH secretion were increased in these mice, even in the presence of ongoing suckling stimulation and lactation. GCaMP fibre photometry of arcuate kisspeptin neurons revealed that the normal episodic activity of these neurons is rapidly suppressed in pregnancy and this was maintained throughout early lactation. Deletion of Prlr from arcuate kisspeptin neurons resulted in early reactivation of episodic activity of kisspeptin neurons prior to a premature return of reproductive cycles in early lactation. These observations show dynamic variation in arcuate kisspeptin neuronal activity associated with the hormonal changes of pregnancy and lactation, and provide direct evidence that prolactin action on arcuate kisspeptin neurons is necessary for suppressing fertility during lactation in mice.
Systematic evaluation of multifactorial causal associations for Alzheimer’s disease and an interactive platform MRAD developed based on Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Zhao Tianyu , Li Hui , Zhang Meishuang , Xu Yang , Zhang Ming , Chen Li
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex degenerative disease of the central nervous system, and elucidating its pathogenesis remains challenging. In this study, we used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) model as the major analysis method to perform hypothesis-free Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis on the data from MRC IEU OpenGWAS (18,097 exposure traits and 16 AD outcome traits), and conducted sensitivity analysis with six models, to assess the robustness of the IVW results, to identify various classes of risk or protective factors for AD, early-onset AD, and late-onset AD. We generated 400,274 data entries in total, among which the major analysis method of the IVW model consists of 73,129 records with 4840 exposure traits, which fall into 10 categories: Disease, Medical laboratory science, Imaging, Anthropometric, Treatment, Molecular trait, Gut microbiota, Past history, Family history, and Lifestyle trait. More importantly, a freely accessed online platform called MRAD (https://gwasmrad.com/mrad/) has been developed using the Shiny package with MR analysis results. Additionally, novel potential AD therapeutic targets (CD33, TBCA, VPS29, GNAI3, PSME1) are identified, among which CD33 was positively associated with the main outcome traits of AD, as well as with both EOAD and LOAD. TBCA and VPS29 were negatively associated with the main outcome traits of AD, as well as with both EOAD and LOAD. GNAI3 and PSME1 were negatively associated with the main outcome traits of AD, as well as with LOAD, but had no significant causal association with EOAD. The findings of our research advance our understanding of the etiology of AD.
Differences in HIV-1 reservoir size, landscape characteristics and decay dynamics in acute and chronic treated HIV-1 Clade C infection
Authors: Reddy Kavidha , Lee Guinevere Q , Reddy Nicole , Chikowore Tatenda JB , Baisley Kathy , Dong Krista L , Walker Bruce D , Yu Xu G , Lichterfeld Mathias , Ndung’u Thumbi
Published: October 2024

Persisting HIV reservoir viruses in resting CD4 T cells and other cellular subsets are the main barrier to cure efforts. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) intensification by early initiation has been shown to enable post-treatment viral control in some cases but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We hypothesized that ART initiated during the hyperacute phase of infection before peak will affect the size, decay dynamics and landscape characteristics of HIV-1 subtype C viral reservoirs.We studied 35 women at high risk of infection from Durban, South Africa identified with hyperacute HIV infection by twice weekly testing for plasma HIV-1 RNA. Study participants included 11 who started ART at a median of 456 (297-1203) days post onset of viremia (DPOV), and 24 who started ART at a median of 1 (1-3) DPOV. We used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to measure total HIV-1 DNA by ddPCR and to sequence reservoir viral genomes by full length individual proviral sequencing (FLIP-seq) from onset of detection of HIV up to 1 year post treatment initiation.Whereas ART in hyperacute infection blunted peak viremia compared to untreated individuals (p<0.0001), there was no difference in total HIV-1 DNA measured contemporaneously (p=0.104). There was a steady decline of total HIV DNA in early treated persons over 1 year of ART (p=0.0004), with no significant change observed in the late treated group. Total HIV-1 DNA after one year of treatment was lower in the early treated compared to the late treated group (p=0.02). Generation of 697 single viral genome sequences revealed a difference in the longitudinal proviral genetic landscape over one year between untreated, late treated, and early treated infection: the relative contribution of intact genomes to the total pool of HIV-1 DNA after 1 year was higher in untreated infection (31%) compared to late treated (14%) and early treated infection (0%). Treatment initiated in both late and early infection resulted in a more rapid decay of intact (13% and 51% per month) versus defective (2% and 35% per month) viral genomes. However, intact genomes were still observed one year post chronic treatment initiation in contrast to early treatment where intact genomes were no longer detectable. Moreover, early ART reduced phylogenetic diversity of intact genomes and limited the seeding and persistence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune escape variants in the reservoir.Overall, our results show that whereas ART initiated in hyperacute HIV-1 subtype C infection did not impact reservoir seeding, it was nevertheless associated with more rapid decay of intact viral genomes, decreased genetic complexity and immune escape in reservoirs, which could accelerate reservoir clearance when combined with other interventional strategies.
Regulatory genome annotation of 33 insect species
Authors: Asma Hasiba , Tieke Ellen , Deem Kevin D , Rahmat Jabale , Dong Tiffany , Huang Xinbo , Tomoyasu Yoshinori , Halfon Marc S
Published: October 2024

Annotation of newly sequenced genomes frequently includes genes, but rarely covers important non-coding genomic features such as the cis-regulatory modules—e.g., enhancers and silencers—that regulate gene expression. Here, we begin to remedy this situation by developing a workflow for rapid initial annotation of insect regulatory sequences, and provide a searchable database resource with enhancer predictions for 33 genomes. Using our previously developed SCRMshaw computational enhancer prediction method, we predict over 2.8 million regulatory sequences along with the tissues where they are expected to be active, in a set of insect species ranging over 360 million years of evolution. Extensive analysis and validation of the data provides several lines of evidence suggesting that we achieve a high true-positive rate for enhancer prediction. One, we show that our predictions target specific loci, rather than random genomic locations. Two, we predict enhancers in orthologous loci across a diverged set of species to a significantly higher degree than random expectation would allow. Three, we demonstrate that our predictions are highly enriched for regions of accessible chromatin. Four, we achieve a validation rate in excess of 70% using in vivo reporter gene assays. As we continue to annotate both new tissues and new species, our regulatory annotation resource will provide a rich source of data for the research community and will have utility for both small-scale (single gene, single species) and large-scale (many genes, many species) studies of gene regulation. In particular, the ability to search for functionally related regulatory elements in orthologous loci should greatly facilitate studies of enhancer evolution even among distantly related species.
Increased inflammatory signature in myeloid cells of non-small cell lung cancer patients with high clonal hematopoiesis burden
Authors: Sim Hyungtai , Park Hyun Jung , Park Geun-Ho , Kim Yeon Jeong , Park Woong-Yang , Lee Se-Hoon , Choi Murim
Published: October 2024

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) allows estimation of clonal dynamics and documentation of somatic mutations in the hematopoietic system. Recent studies utilizing large cohorts of the general population and patients have revealed significant associations of CHIP burden with age and disease status, including in cancer and chronic diseases. An increasing number of cancer patients are treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), but the association of ICI response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with CHIP burden remains to be determined. We collected blood samples from 100 metastatic NSCLC patients before and after ICI for high-depth sequencing of the CHIP panel and 63 samples for blood single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq). Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in an independent replication cohort of 180 patients. The impact of CHIP status on the immunotherapy response was not significant. However, metastatic lung cancer patients showed higher CHIP prevalence (44/100 for patients vs 5/42 for controls;
P
= 0.01). In addition, lung squamous cell carcinoma patients showed increased burden of larger clones compared to lung adenocarcinoma patients (8/43 for LUSC vs 2/50 for LUAD;
P
= 0.04). Furthermore, single cell RNA-seq analysis of the matched patients showed significant enrichment of inflammatory pathways mediated by NF-ĸB in myeloid clusters of the severe CHIP group. Our findings suggest minimal involvement of CHIP mutation and clonal dynamics during immunotherapy but a possible role of CHIP as an indicator of immunologic response in NSCLC patients.
Structural insights into human propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) and 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC)
Authors: Zhou Fayang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhu Yuyao , Zhou Qiang , Shi Yigong , Hu Qi
Published: October 2024

Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) and 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC) are biotin-dependent carboxylases (BDCs) that catalyze the metabolism of odd-chain fatty acids, cholesterol, and specific amino acids. For human PCC and MCC, only a low-resolution (15 Å) three-dimensional structure of human PCC has been reported. Here, we report high-resolution (2.29–3.38 Å) cryo-EM structures of human PCC and MCC holoenzymes in their apo and acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA-bound states. Propionyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA bind to PCC with almost identical binding modes, indicating that the acyl-CoA specificity of PCC is largely attributed to minor differences in interactions mediated by the acyl groups. In MCC, biotin is relocated from an exo-site to an endo-site upon acetyl-CoA binding, suggesting coordination between biotin binding and acyl-CoA binding. Our work provides insights into the substrate specificity and catalytic process of BDCs.
Genome-wide mapping of native co-localized G4s and R-loops in living cells
Authors: Liu Ting , Shen Xing , Ren Yijia , Lu Hongyu , Liu Yu , Chen Chong , Yu Lin , Xue Zhihong
Published: October 2024

The interplay between G4s and R-loops are emerging in regulating DNA repair, replication, and transcription. A comprehensive picture of native co-localized G4s and R-loops in living cells is currently lacking. Here, we describe the development of HepG4-seq and an optimized HBD-seq methods, which robustly capture native G4s and R-loops, respectively, in living cells. We successfully employed these methods to establish comprehensive maps of native co-localized G4s and R-loops in human HEK293 cells and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). We discovered that co-localized G4s and R-loops are dynamically altered in a cell type-dependent manner and are largely localized at active promoters and enhancers of transcriptional active genes. We further demonstrated the helicase Dhx9 as a direct and major regulator that modulates the formation and resolution of co-localized G4s and R-loops. Depletion of Dhx9 impaired the self-renewal and differentiation capacities of mESCs by altering the transcription of co-localized G4s and R-loops -associated genes. Taken together, our work established that the endogenous co-localized G4s and R-loops are prevalently persisted in the regulatory regions of active genes and are involved in the transcriptional regulation of their linked genes, opening the door for exploring broader roles of co-localized G4s and R-loops in development and disease.
The relationship between functional movement patterns, dynamic balance and ice speed and agility in young elite male ice hockey players
Authors: Grabara Małgorzata , Bieniec Anna
Published: October 2024

Background

Understanding the relationship between the functional state of the musculoskeletal system and skating performance in ice hockey players is essential, as it can provide valuable insights for the development of training programs tailored to the specific needs of athletes. This study investigated the relationship between functional movement patterns, dynamic balance, and ice speed and agility in young elite male ice hockey players.

Methods

The study involved sixty elite male ice hockey players aged 14 to 18 years, with an average age of 15.9 ± 0.85 years and training experience ranging from 7 to 9 years. Functional movement patterns were evaluated using the Functional Movement Screen™ (FMSTM). Dynamic balance was assessed using the lower quarter Y-Balance test (YBT-LQ). Fitness tests on ice were conducted using a professional Smart Speed measurement system.

Results

Negative correlations were found between the in-line lunge and the results of the 5-m forward (rho = −0.31, p = 0.018) and 5-m backward (rho = −0.27, p = 0.040), as well as between the hurdle step and the 30-m forward skating test result (rho = −0.26, p = 0.043). Positive correlations were observed between shoulder mobility and both forward (5-m: rho = 0.27, p = 0.035) and backward skating results (5-m: rho = 0.35, p = 0.006; 30-m: rho = 0.26, p = 0.047), and between active straight leg rise and both the 5-m forward skating (rho = 0.38, p = 0.002) and agility tests (rho = 0.39, p = 0.002). The study also revealed positive correlations between the magnitude of asymmetries in the anterior reach distance of the right and left legs and the results of 5-m forward (rho = 0.34, p = 0.009) and backward skating (rho = 0.32, p = 0.013). Additionally, a positive correlation was found between the agility test and the magnitude of asymmetries in the posteromedial reach distance (r = 0.32, p = 0.012) as well as the composite YBT score (r = 0.28, p = 0.031). Negative correlations were found between normalized reach distances in the YBT-LQ and performance outcomes in both forward and backward skating, as well as in the agility test, indicating that greater reach distance corresponds to faster skating.

Conclusions

These findings suggest the potential impact of balance and hip mobility on skating speed and agility and emphasize the importance of symmetry for optimal performance among ice hockey players.
The characteristics and associations between trait and state time perspective in adolescents with depression: a questionnaire and sandplay study
Authors: Ren Hanlin , Zhang Qing , Rong Donghuan , Zhang Yating , Ren Yanzhen , Li Xiaobao
Published: October 2024

Background

Time perspective is strongly associated with depression. However, the characteristics and associations between trait and state time perspective in adolescents with depression remain unknown.

Methods

A total of 211 adolescents with depression (mean age: 14.60 ± 1.69 years) and 215 healthy controls (mean age: 14.66 ± 1.73 years) were selected and assessed using the Chinese version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory to quantify their trait time perspective. Thirty adolescents were randomly selected from each group to create nine-grid sandplay productions to assess their state time perspective.

Results

(1) Regarding the trait time perspective, depressed adolescents scored significantly higher on past negative, present fatalistic, present impulsive, and deviation-balanced time perspective (p < 0.001) and significantly lower on past positive and future (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. (2) In terms of state time perspective, depressed adolescents showed a significantly higher number of squares related to past negative, present negative, and future negative in their nine-grid sandplay productions compared to the control group (p < 0.01).Conversely, they had significantly fewer squares associated with past positive, present positive, future positive than the control group (p < 0.05). (3) Past negative, present fatalistic, and deviation from balanced time perspective traits were negatively correlated with positive state time perspective and positively correlated with negative state time perspective. Past positive and future traits were positively correlated with positive state time perspective and negatively correlated with negative state time perspective.

Conclusion

Adolescents with depression are characterized by dwelling on the past, having a severely negative attitude toward the past, being pessimistic about the future, and having a tendency to blame fate or external forces for their problems. In the future, standardized methods for measuring state time perspective should be further explored, as well as the effectiveness of the nine-grid sandplay, for improving time perspective in patients with depression.
Cuaderno de notas. Reflexiones sobre la práctica como investigación desde experiencias compositivas en la música.
Authors: Lach Lau Juan Sebastián
Published: October 2024

El presente texto propone articular algunas reflexiones en torno a la investigación artística en tanto son centrales para practicantes en el área de la música y en particular en la composición. Para esto, se realizará un recorrido por la trayectoria y experiencias desarrolladas en la composición, específicamente de piezas que abordan estructuras matemáticas, y la docencia, donde se han elaborado propuestas en torno a la noción de creatividad situada, con el fin de relacionar enfoques, problemas y posibilidades. El recorrido, aparte del recuento de la investigación y producción musical, sirve de base para generar un espacio reflexivo que lleve estas problemáticas más allá de lo anecdótico y subjetivo. De esta manera, se describe el modo de producción epistémico de los productos artísticos y discursivos para proponer un sistema que vincula, no solo los productos antes mencionados, sino también los apuntes, notas de trabajo y materiales intermedios que se generan durante el proceso creativo. El objetivo, por lo tanto, es dar cuenta de una “constelación situada” que enfatice la relevancia de materiales que usualmente no tienen una presencia evidente en los productos finales.
Propuesta hermenéutica, precautoria-ambiental-intercultural, en la evaluación ambiental de proyectos de inversión y comunidades indígenas en Chile
Authors: Faundes Peñafiel Juan Jorge , Campos Mello Patricia Perrone
Published: October 2024

Se formula una propuesta hermenéutica referente a la regulación de los proyectos de inversión con efectos o potenciales efectos sobre comunidades indígenas. Esta propuesta sistematiza estándares de cumplimiento y enfoques culturalmente pertinentes, conforme el derecho humano al medio ambiente sano y el derecho humano a la identidad cultural, articulando las fuentes desde los niveles internacional y regional interamericano, para la protección de comunidades indígenas y respectivos territorios ambientalmente relevantes. Con base en dicha propuesta, se realiza un análisis crítico de jurisprudencia chilena en materia ambiental (competencia técnica ambiental o constitucional). Luego, se identifican brechas de cumplimiento, de origen regulatorio o interpretativo judicial, en la protección de comunidades indígenas, frente a los proyectos de inversión, conforme los referidos a estándares de contenidos en la propuesta. El estudio se focaliza en proyectos de inversión y sus efectos sobre los “intangibles culturales indígenas”, como bienes jurídicos protegidos a la luz de los derechos humanos indicados. Así, en el epígrafe 1), se estudia el derecho humano a la identidad cultural y el derecho humano al medio ambiente sano; en el epígrafe 2) se revisa el marco normativo doméstico pertinente a la evaluación ambiental; en el epígrafe 3) se formula una propuesta hermenéutica cautelar ambiental e intercultural; en el 4) se estudia críticamente la jurisprudencia ambiental local a partir de la propuesta formulada.
Time Series Forecasting and Projection of Diabetes Prevalence in India from 2023 to 2035: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Newtonraj Ariarathinam , Kannan K Senthamarai
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Diabetes is a significant public health problem in India, with an estimated 74 million Indian adults suffering from the condition as of 2021, and the prevalence is continuing to grow. Aim: To investigate the prevalence and forecasted trends of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in India through time series analysis and forecasting models. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Statistics at Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India, from January 2024 to March 2024. The prevalence of diabetes in India was forecasted from 2023 to 2035 using existing diabetes prevalence data from 2009 to 2021, with the help of Gretl software and the Autoregressive Intregated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Results: Authors observed a consistent upward trajectory in DM prevalence, with rates steadily increasing from 7.1% in 2009 to 9.6% in 2021. Time series analysis reveals non stationarity in the data, necessitating the use of ARIMA models for forecasting. Among the models considered, ARIMA (2,1,2) emerges as the best fit, demonstrating strong explanatory power with an R-squared value of 0.80. Forecasting projections indicate a continued rise in DM prevalence, with rates projected to increase from 10.35% in 2023 to 13.46% by 2035, which translates to an increase from 97.5 million in 2023 to 139 million in 2035. Conclusion: These findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive public health interventions to address the escalating burden of diabetes in India, emphasising the importance of prevention, early detection, and effective management strategies.
Long-term monitoring of arboreal mammals in coastal reserves on the south coast of New South Wales
Authors: Daly Garry , Craven Philip , Bryant Jeff , Senior Chris , Smith Michael , Mahony Michael
Published: October 2024

Replicated systematic surveys were conducted for arboreal mammals in several reserves on the south coast of New South Wales between 1995 and 2023. Nine species were detected including the Yellow-bellied Glider Petaurus australis, Southern Greater Glider Petauroides volans, Squirrel Glider Petaurus norfolcensis and Eastern Pygmy Possum Cercatetus nanus which are listed on the Biodiversity Conservation Act (2016) and the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (1999). The Southern Greater Glider population at Seven Mile Beach National Park (NP) is isolated as a consequence of clearing for agriculture but the population did not decline during the survey period. Greater Glider populations in Conjola NP, the Jervis Bay area, Meroo NP and Murramarang NP suffered severe declines in abundance and distribution during the monitoring period. Except for Seven Mile Beach, there has been a sharp decline in the abundance of Southern Greater Gliders in the coastal reserves surveyed. There was limited recovery of Southern Greater Glider in Meroo NP and Murramarang NP after the 2018-20 drought that culminated in the 2020 Currowan wildfire. The long-term persistence of the Southern Greater Glider and Yellow-bellied Glider in the Jervis Bay area, Corramy RP, Conjola NP, Meroo NP and Murramarang NP is not assured as they may be isolated because of urban developments, clearing for agriculture, private forestry, roads and electricity easements. The increased risk of wildfire due to climate change threatens the viability of these populations.
Abstract
Authors: Hill Ian , Gamble Michelle
Published: October 2024

An archaeological watching brief was undertaken at the Jedburgh Abbey Rampart during repair and construction works to consolidate and secure the ‘rampart’ wall and its face, both of which had begun to deteriorate and fail. The watching brief followed on from earlier works to investigate the construction of the ‘rampart’, which had revealed the presence of disarticulated skeletal remains behind the wall. The excavations undertaken during the repair works have helped to infer the methods employed for the construction of the ‘rampart’, likely dating to the late 18th century. During construction several burials of the former Low Kirkyard were disturbed and displaced, with the disarticulated remains of several skeletons found within the construction deposits. The watching brief also revealed the remains of five burials that were partially disturbed during construction, with skeletal remains dating from the 15th century onwards. Disturbance to earlier graves, not disturbed by the construction, were also identified, the results of which indicate changing attitudes to skeletal remains through the post medieval and early modern periods.