bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimations of exploration and production costs for natural gas and oil deposits in geological basins in Poland
Authors: Kaliski Maciej , Krupa Marcin , Rychlicki Stanisław , Siemek Jakub , Sikora Andrzej P.
Published: January 2014

Streszczenie

Artykuł poświęcony jest przeglądowi metod i sposobów estymacji kosztów otworów wiertniczych stoso- wanych na rynkach międzynarodowych (głównie na rynku północnoamerykańskim) oraz zawiera próbę aplikacji wybranej metody lub metod dla dostępnych danych odnośnie tego typu kosztów w basenach geologicznych w Polsce. Autorzy zajmują się wstępnym oszacowaniem przydatności tego typu estymacji dla modelowania i benchmarkingu efektywności prac poszukiwawczych i wydobywczych w Polsce. Na poziomie poszczególnych przedsiębiorstw poszukiwawczo-wydobywczych benchmarking i planowanie kosztowe są z reguły oparte na wypracowanych na różnorodnych złożach doświadczeniach i próbach optymalizacji technicznej i kosztowej całości procesu. W artykule zaproponowano i opisano wstępny algorytm do wyliczeń tych kosztów. Autorzy zwracają uwagę, że przydatność utworzonego na bazie równania (4) modelu do estymacji kosztów wierceń na podstawie głębokości docelowych formacji w Polsce jest mniejsza niż w na rynku amerykańskim, ale nadal bardzo wysoka. W przypadku analiz wykonywanych poza przedsiębiorstwami prowadzącymi prace poszukiwawczo- -wydob>|vcze może to być jedyne dostępne narzędzie do szacunkowych obliczeń kosztów otworów wiertniczych dla poszczególnych basenów geologicznych i docelowych głębokości.
A mining extraction system with advancing longwall as a method of protecting technical objects and an element of rational deposit management
Authors: Ścigała Roman
Published: January 2014

Streszczenie

Podziemna eksploatacja górnicza wywołuje wiele niekorzystnych zmian w środowisku naturalnym, a także może prowadzić do uszkodzeń obiekt|ów budowlanych oraz infrastruktury technicznej. Aby chronić te obiekty, w pewnych sytuacjach wyznaczane są dla nich filary ochronne, w których - jak powszechnie wiadomo - eksploatacja może być prowadzona tylko na specjalnych wamnkach, zapewniających odpowiednią ochronę tych obiektów. Kopalnie z reguły rezygnują z eksploatacji filarów ochronnych, co powoduje określone straty złoża i zaburza racjonalne nim gospodarowanie. Jedną z metod w zakresie profilaktyki górniczej dla obiektów powierzchniowych, która wydaje się być współ- cześnie możliwa do zastosowania, jest eksploatacja systemem ścianowym ze ścianą wyprzedzającą. Pozwala ona na ograniczenie deformacji dla tzw. obiektów liniowych, których typowymi przykładami są: szlaki kolejowe, szlaki drogowe, nirociągi. Należy jednocześnie mieć na uwadze, że współcześnie praktyczne zastosowanie eksploatacji ze ścianą wyprzedzającą niewątpliwie będzie tnidne w realizacji, z uwagi na wiele niesprzyjających czynników naturalnych i technicznych. Należy tu przede wszystkim wskazać na trudności w prowadzeniu eksploatacji trzech ścian równocześnie z uwagi na zagrożenia naturalne, głównie metanowe oraz tąpaniami. W artykule przedstawiono rozważania w zakresie wykorzystania tej metody eksploatacji do minimalizacji oddziaływania podziemnej eksploatacji górniczej na powierzchnię. Dla celów analiz, przy wykorzystaniu systemu obliczeniowego Wolfram Mathematica, zbudowano model teoretyczny oparty na teorii W.Budryka-S.Knothego zarówno dla stanu asymptotycznego deformacji, jak i dla stanów nieustalonych. Dzięki możliwościom obliczeniowym programu Mathematica, możliwe było przepro- wadzenie wielowariantowej analizy wpływu wyprzedzenia i długości ściany centralnej oraz prędkości postępu frontu na zmniejszenie nachyleń i odkształceń poziomych na powierzchni nad przedmiotową eksploatacją. Dodatkowo rozważania przeprowadzono dla różnych wartości współczynnika prędkości osiadania c, który w pewnym sensie charakteryzuje właściwości górotwoni w zakresie prędkości przemieszczania się niecki obni- żeniowej od stropu eksploatowanego pokładu do powierzchni. Przedstawione w artykule wyniki mogą być pomocne przy doborze odpowiednich parametrów ściany wyprze- dzającej, w przypadku projektowania takiej eksploatacji w filarach ochronnych obiektów liniowych.
Hard coal import dependence of Poland
Authors: Olkuski Tadeusz
Published: January 2014

Streszczenie

Ze zjawiskiem importu węgla do Polski mamy do czynienia dopiero od kilku lat. Od początku istnienia górnictwa węglowego w Polsce nasz kraj był eksporterem tego surowca. Węgiel kamienny eksportowano już w okresie międzywojennym, a po II wojnie światowej, po odbudowaniu przemysłu ze zniszczeń wojennych, eksport węgla był podstawowym środkiem pozyskiwania dewiz. Polska przez dziesięciolecia zajmowała miejsce w pierwszej dziesiątce największych producentów tego surowca, a eksport od połowy lat siedemdziesiątych do połowy lat osiemdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku wynosił około 40 min ton, co stanowiło około jedną czwartą produkcji. Na początku XXI wieku sytuacja zaczęła się jednak zmieniać. Z roku na rok eksport malał, natomiast wzrastał import. Związane to było z jednej strony ze wzrastającymi kosztami produkcji krajowego węgla, z dmgiej strony - z napływem taniego surowca głównie zza wschodniej granicy. W artykule przedstawiono import węgla kamiennego do Polski z Rosji, USA, Ukrainy, Kazachstanu i Kolumbii oraz nabycie wewnątrzwspólnotowe z Republiki Czeskiej, jako głównych dostawców tego surowca. Wspomniano także o innych krajach, takich jak RPA, czy Australia, które są największymi eksporterami węgla na świecie i dostarczają surowiec do Europy Zachodniej, ale do Polski rzadko jest on sprowadzany. Dla wyliczenia zależności importowej w zakresie węgla kamiennego przedstawiono również eksport oraz zużycie krajowe tego surowca w latach 2000-2012. Wspomniana zależność wzrasta, co nie jest zjawiskiem korzystnym, gdyż świadczy o coraz większym uzależnieniu naszego kraju od dostaw zza granicy. Nie należy się jednak niepokoić, gdyż wartość tego wskaźnika jest bardzo mała. Jedynie w 2011 roku przekroczyła nieznacznie 10%, a w 2012 roku zmniejszyła się ponownie poniżej 5%. W porównaniu z zależnością importową w zakresie gazu ziemnego, która wynosi około 70%, lub zależnością importową w zakresie ropy naftowej wynoszącą 97%, nie jest to poziom wysoki. Niemniej jednak należy na bieżąco monitorować zależność importową Polski w zakresie surowców mineralnych, w przypadku których posiadamy własne złoża do ich produkcji, gdyż większość państw opiera swoją gospodarkę o surowce rodzime. Jest to zwykle korzystniejsze ekonomicznie i zapewnia większe bezpieczeństwo stałych i pewnych dostaw danego surowca.
Mineral sequestration of CO2 with the use of energy waste – an attempt to estimate the polish potential
Authors: Uuasz-Bocheńczyk Alicja , Mokrzycki Eugeniusz
Published: January 2014

Streszczenie

Polska energetyka zawodowa jako paliwo podstawowe stosuje węgiel kamienny i bnmatny, branża ta jest zarazem największym emitentem C02 w Polsce. W wyniku procesów produkcji energii elektrycznej i cieplnej powstają również odpady, m.in. popioły lotne, które w formie zawiesin mogąbyć stosowane do sekwestracji CO, na drodze mineralnej karbonatyzacji. Mineralna karbonatyzacja jako metoda obniżenia redukcji CO, jest szcze- gólnie interesująca przy wykorzystaniu odpadów. W artykule| przedstawiono wstępne oszacowanie możliwości obniżenia emisji C02 z energetyki zawodowej. Oszacowanie to przeprowadzono przy wykorzystaniu wyników badań stopnia pochłaniania C02 przez zawiesiny odpadowo-wodne oraz wielkość emisji ze spalania węgla w energetyce zawodowej. Do szacowania uwzględniono jedynie te odpady, które nie wymagają żadnej obróbki wstępnej, a zarazem mają potencjał dla wiązania C02, czyli: popioły lotne z kotłów konwencjonalnych, popioły z kotłów fluidalnych, mieszaniny popiołów z produktami odsiarczania, popioły lotne ze współspalania węgla kamiennego i biomasy oraz odpady z półsuchej metody odsiarczania. Przyjęto również założenie, że do sek- westracji mogą być stosowane te odpady, które są wykorzystywane w górnictwie oraz odpady niewykorzystane gospodarczo. Oszacowano, że ilości C02, które można zutylizować przy powyższych założeniach wynoszą około 117,25 Gg CO,/rok.
SUPPLY LEAD TIME UNCERTAINTY IN A SUSTAINABLE ORDER QUANTITY INVENTORY MODEL
Authors: Digiesi Salvatore , Mossa Giorgio , Mummolo Giovanni
Published: January 2014

Transport plays a key role in inventory management since it affects logistic costs as well as environmental performance of the supply chain. Expected value and variability of supply lead time depend on the transportation means adopted, and influence the optimal values of order quantity, reorder level, and safety stock to be adopted. Fast transportation means allow reducing expected value of the lead time; they are characterized by the highest costs of externalities (i.e. air pollutant emission, noise, congestion, accidents). On the contrary, slow transportation means require high inventory level due to large order quantity; in this case costs of externalities tend to decrease. The Sustainable Order Quantity (SOQ) [1] allows identifying optimal order quantity, reorder level, safety stock as well as transportation means which minimize the sum of the logistic and environmental costs in case of stochastic variability of product demand. In this paper, the authors propose a new SOQ analytical model considering stochastic variability of supply lead time (LT). A solution procedure is suggested for solving the proposed model. The approach is applied to a real industrial case study in order to evaluate the benefits of applying it if compared with the traditional one.
CRITICAL ATTRIBUTES ON SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION: CASE STUDY IN EUROPE AND ASIA
Authors: Sillanpää Ilkka , Abdul Malek Nurul Aida binti , Takala Josu
Published: January 2014

This case study research aims to compare the performance of the implementation of supply chain management (SCM) strategies within Asian and European Companies. The case study measures company’s opinions of supply chain strategy implementation through utilization of Sense and Response methodology. Critical Factor Index (CFI), Balanced Critical Factor Index (BCFI) and Scaled Critical Factor Index (SCFI) are used in this study to represent the result of comparison between European and Asian companies. From the analysis of comparison of all Sense and Response models, it can be concluded that there are differences and similarities of critical attributes that affecting supply chain strategy implementation in Asian and European companies. There are two attributes that have consistent trend for both regions; innovation and organization structure. In this research the analysis of supply chain strategy implementation was made for the needs of manufacturing industry. Suggestions for future research are multiple case studies in different industry areas in global business environment. The results provide a guideline to the company to measure the right attributes for making the right decision in a dynamic environment. It also provides good knowledge for companies to implement supply chain strategies, the main approaches to implement it and the main challenges in supply chain strategy implementation. Supply chain strategy implementation was analyzed in the European and Asian companies. This research shows that there are several developing areas for companies when implementing supply chain strategies.
Pullback incremental attraction
Authors: Kloeden Peter E. , Lorenz Thomas
Published: January 2014

A pullback incremental attraction, a nonautonomous version of incremental stability, is introduced for nonautonomous systems that may have unbounded limiting solutions. Its characterisation by a Lyapunov function is indicated
On certain properties of linear iterative equations
Authors: Ndogmo Jean-Claude , Mahomed Fazal
Published: January 2014

An expression for the coefficients of a linear iterative equation in terms of the parameters of the source equation is given both for equations in standard form and for equations in reduced normal form. The operator that generates an iterative equation of a general order in reduced normal form is also obtained and some other properties of iterative equations are established. An expression for the parameters of the source equation of the transformed equation under equivalence transformations is obtained, and this gives rise to the derivation of important symmetry properties for iterative equations. The transformation mapping a given iterative equation to the canonical form is obtained in terms of the simplest determining equation, and several examples of application are discussed.
Small-scale spatiotemporal variability in body size of two common carabid beetles
Authors: Baranovská Eliška , Knapp Michal
Published: January 2014

Adult body size is one of the most ecologically relevant quantitative traits that underlies many other life-history traits of particular organism. In insects, there is positive intraspecific relationship between body size and female fecundity. In this study small scale temporal and spatial and space variability in structural body size of Poecilus cupreus and Anchomenus dorsalis was investigated. The beetles were collected in four fields near Prague-Suchdol in autumn 2009 and 2010, and in spring 2010, 2011 and 2012. In both species structural body size was significantly affected by sex (females were the larger sex). In A. dorsalis structural body size was also significantly affected by arable field identity, overwintering (post-overwintering individuals collected in spring were larger in comparison to pre-overwintering individuals collected in autumn), sampling year, overwintering by year and arable field by year interactions. Our results suggest that spatiotemporal variation in environmental conditions experienced by A. dorsalis during larval growth resulted in differences in adult structural body size among particular fields and particular sampling years. In addition, mean structural body size in A. dorsalis was affected by overwintering, which was probably caused by size-specific winter mortality. Moreover, effect of overwintering varied among years, probably according to the specific weather conditions during a particular winter.
Movements of a juvenile red kite Milvus milvus in the border zone of Aaustria, Slovakia and the Czech Republic
Authors: Nemček Vladimír
Published: January 2014

One juvenile female red kite was tracked during 2011-2013. The bird was tagged with a leg-mount radio transmitter in a nest in the Záhorská nížina Lowland in western Slovakia. Movements were monitored in the natal area and in the temporary settlement area (TSA). These areas were 40 km apart. The location of the TSA in the border zone ofAustria, Slovakia and the Czech Republic confirmed information about the wintering of local birds in the region. The temporary settlement area (MCP = 402.0 km2, 95% FKP = 622.8 km2, 50% FKP = 68.6 km2) was mainly situated in Austria. The natal area was significantly smaller (MCP = 34.7 km2, 95% FKP = 32.3 km2, 50% FKP = 5.0 km2). The juvenile hunted an average of 12.5 km from the communal roost place.
Nesting and non-nesting occurrence of the short-eared owl Asio flammeus in the Záhorie region (SW Slovakia)
Authors: Noga Michal , Dobrý Martin
Published: January 2014

The short-eared owl is a regular migrant and hibernant in the Záhorie region (SW Slovakia), though this species mostly escapes attention. In 1998 the species was found nesting in this region, and in 2012 individuals showing territorial behaviour were regularly observed, with high probability of nesting. Nesting habitats were localities with a high representation of meadows, corresponding to the preferred nesting sites in Slovakia. The foraging range of wintering birds was comparable with those from neighbouring regions (W Slovakia, Hungary), but with a higher number of harvest mice Micromys minutus and long-tailed field mice Apodemus sylvaticus. In both years when the nesting of birds was recorded, snowfall was significantly lower. Food sources were not monitored at these localities.
Structure, function and cross-scale properties
of landscape boundaries – a case study of the Płock area
Authors: Kulczyk Sylwia
Published: January 2014

The paper describes features of landscape boundaries in the lowland landscape of Poland and verifies their cross-scale properties. The diversity of lithology, morphometry and land use was taken into account by delimitation of the boundaries. A scale of 1:50 000 was set as the basis. Three structural features (length, contrast and sinuosity) and two functional features (permeability and stability) were examined.

The boundaries within the research area are typically of average length, low sinuosity, high permeability and low stability. A high correspondence between the diversity of abiotic components and land use is observed, resulting in a large number of high-contrast boundaries. However, this feature does not necessarily mean that these patterns are cross scale and can be applied at a higher level of landscape hierarchy.

A geochemical/typological and regional order has been explored to describe properties of landscape boundaries for different spatial scales. Only the first of the listed orders corresponds to diversification of boundary features.
Bio-Guided Targeting for Preservative and Anti-Ageing Cosmetic Ingredient Development
Authors: Destandau Emilie , Krolikiewicz-Renimel Isabelle , El Abdellaoui Saida , Cancellieri Perrine , Fougère Laetitia , Toribio Alix , Landemarre Ludovic , André Patrice , Elfakir Claire
Published: January 2014

To develop a new antioxidant, antibacterial and natural cosmetic ingredient without cytotoxicity to skin cells, bioactive molecules contained in Kalanchoe pinnata leaf methanolic extract were targeted using semi-preparative HPLC fractionation linked to biological activity tests. Chromatographic effluent was collected at the column outlet into a 96 deep-well microplate, filling successively all the wells. After freeze-drying, the microplate was ready to use for different biological tests such as antimicrobial activity on microorganisms, skin cell viability and antioxidant activity on human keratinocyte cells. The injection of only 2.64 mg of crude extract into the HPLC system reveals a good correlation between the chromatographic peaks and the different biological activities. One fraction is mainly of interest since good antibacterial and antioxidant activities without cytotoxicity are observed. The analysis of this fraction using mass spectrometry allows the identification of glycoside derivatives of quercetin, isorhamnetin and kaempferol. Thus, a correlation between biological activity and the presence of these flavonoids is obtained. This screening method allows a rapid fractionation associated with a biological activity evaluation and a first molecular identification, saving time by limiting sample treatments and solvent consumption.
Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Berberine in Rat Plasma after Oral Administration of Berberine Hydrochloride in Normal and Post Inflammation Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats
Authors: Gong Zipeng , Chen Ying , Zhang Ruijie , Wang Yinghan , Guo Yan , Yang Qing , Zhang Haixian , Dong Yu , Weng Xiaogang , Gao Shuangrong , Zhu Xiaoxin
Published: January 2014

In the present study, post inflammation irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) rats were firstly established by intracolonic instillation of acetic acid with restraint stress. Then the pharmacokinetics of berberine in the rat plasma were compared after oral administration of berberine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg) to normal rats and PI-IBS rats. Quantification of berberine in the rat plasma was achieved by using a sensitive and rapid UPLC-MS/MS method. Plasma samples were collected at 15 different points in time and the pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by WinNonlin software. Compared with the normal group, area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve from zero to last sampling time (AUC0–t) and total body clearance (CL/F) in the model group significantly increased or decreased, (2039.49 ± 492.24 vs. 2763.43 ± 203.14; 4999.34 ± 1198.79 vs. 3270.57 ± 58.32) respectively. The results indicated that the pharmacokinetic process of berberine could be altered in PI-IBS pathological conditions.
1-(2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) Ethanone-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest in G1/G0 in HT-29 Cells Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Lay Ma , Karsani Saiful , Malek Sri
Published: January 2014

1-(2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethanone (DMHE) was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl fruits and the structure confirmed by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) and NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) analysis. This compound was tested on the HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line using MTT (method of transcriptional and translational) cell proliferation assay. The results of MTT assay showed that DMHE exhibited good cytotoxic effect on HT-29 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner but no cytotoxic effect on the MRC-5 cell line after 72 h incubation. Morphological features of apoptotic cells upon treatment by DMHE, e.g., cell shrinkage and membrane blebbing, were examined by an inverted and phase microscope. Other features, such as chromatin condension and nuclear fragmentation were studied using acridine orange and propidium iodide staining under the fluorescence microscope. Future evidence of apoptosis/necrosis was provided by result fromannexin V-FITC/PI (fluorescein-isothiocyanate/propidium iodide) staining revealed the percentage of early apoptotic, late apoptotic, necrotic and live cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner using flow cytometry. Cell cycle analysis showed G0/G1 arrest in a time-dependent manner. A western blot analysis indicated that cell death might be associated with the up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax PUMA. However, the anit-apotptic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1 were also found to increase in a time-dependent manner. The expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bak was not observed.
The Bee as a Model to Investigate Brain and Behavioural Asymmetries
Authors: Frasnelli Elisa , Haase Albrecht , Rigosi Elisa , Anfora Gianfranco , Rogers Lesley , Vallortigara Giorgio
Published: January 2014

The honeybee Apis mellifera, with a brain of only 960,000 neurons and the ability to perform sophisticated cognitive tasks, has become an excellent model in life sciences and in particular in cognitive neurosciences. It has been used in our laboratories to investigate brain and behavioural asymmetries, i.e., the different functional specializations of the right and the left sides of the brain. It is well known that bees can learn to associate an odour stimulus with a sugar reward, as demonstrated by extension of the proboscis when presented with the trained odour in the so-called Proboscis Extension Reflex (PER) paradigm. Bees recall this association better when trained using their right antenna than they do when using their left antenna. They also retrieve short-term memory of this task better when using the right antenna. On the other hand, when tested for long-term memory recall, bees respond better when using their left antenna. Here we review a series of behavioural studies investigating bees’ lateralization, integrated with electrophysiological measurements to study asymmetries of olfactory sensitivity, and discuss the possible evolutionary origins of these asymmetries. We also present morphological data obtained by scanning electron microscopy and two-photon microscopy. Finally, a behavioural study conducted in a social context is summarised, showing that honeybees control context-appropriate social interactions using their right antenna, rather than the left, thus suggesting that lateral biases in behaviour might be associated with requirements of social life.
Improvement to the Corrosion Resistance of Ti-Based Implants Using Hydrothermally Synthesized Nanostructured Anatase Coatings
Authors: Lorenzetti Martina , Pellicer Eva , Sort Jordi , Baró Maria , Kovač Janez , Novak Saša , Kobe Spomenka
Published: January 2014

The electrochemical behavior of polycrystalline TiO2 anatase coatings prepared by a one-step hydrothermal synthesis on commercially pure (CP) Ti grade 2 and a Ti13Nb13Zr alloy for bone implants was investigated in Hank’s solution at 37.5 °C. The aim was to verify to what extent the in-situ-grown anatase improved the behavior of the substrate in comparison to the bare substrates. Tafel-plot extrapolations from the potentiodynamic curves revealed a substantial improvement in the corrosion potentials for the anatase coatings. Moreover, the coatings grown on titanium also exhibited lower corrosion-current densities, indicating a longer survival of the implant. The results were explained by considering the effects of crystal morphology, coating thickness and porosity. Evidence for the existing porosity was obtained from corrosion and nano-indentation tests. The overall results indicated that the hydrothermally prepared anatase coatings, with the appropriate morphology and surface properties, have attractive prospects for use in medical devices, since better corrosion protection of the implant can be expected.
Preparation of Fe3O4-Embedded Poly(styrene)/Poly(thiophene) Core/Shell Nanoparticles and Their Hydrogel Patterns for Sensor Applications
Authors: Kim Yong , Lee Hyun , Govindaiah Patakamuri , Son Woohyun , Koh Won-Gun , Cheong In , Kim Jung
Published: January 2014

This research describes the preparation and sensor applications of multifunctional monodisperse, Fe3O4 nanoparticles-embedded poly(styrene)/poly(thiophene) (Fe3O4-PSt/PTh), core/shell nanoparticles. Monodisperse Fe3O4-PSt/PTh nanoparticles were prepared by free-radical combination (mini-emulsion/emulsion) polymerization for Fe3O4-PSt core and oxidative seeded emulsion polymerization for PTh shell in the presence of FeCl3/H2O2 as a redox catalyst, respectively. For applicability of Fe3O4-PSt/PTh as sensors, Fe3O4-PSt/PTh-immobilized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels were fabricated by photolithography. The hydrogel patterns showed a good sensing performance under different H2O2 concentrations. They also showed a quenching sensitivity of 1 µg/mL for the Pd2+ metal ion within 1 min. The hydrogel micropatterns not only provide a fast water uptake property but also suggest the feasibility of both H2O2 and Pd2+ detection.
Characterization of a New Sesquiterpene and Antifungal Activities of Chemical Constituents from Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott
Authors: Huang Yu-Hong , Zeng Wei-Min , Li Guo-Yu , Liu Guo-Qing , Zhao Dan-Dan , Wang Jing , Zhang Yan-Long
Published: January 2014

One new sesquiterpene and six known compounds were isolated from Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schot. They were identified as 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylalbicanol- 11-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), dihydroconiferylalcohol (2), (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid (3), esculetin (4), 5,7-dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethylchromone (5), eriodictyol (6) and isoorientin (7) by UV, MS, 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. The antifungal activities of the seven isolated compounds were screened. Compounds 2, 3, 4 and 5 showed obvious activities against Microsporum canis and Epidermophyton floccosum.
Systems for Quality Assurance in Pharmacy Education and Training in the European Union
Authors: Atkinson Jeffrey , Rombaut Bart , Pozo Antonio , Rekkas Dimitrios , Veski Peep , Hirvonen Jouni , Bozic Borut , Skowron Agnieska , Mircioiu Constantin , Marcincal Annie , Wilson Keith
Published: January 2014

With the changes in the Bologna process and the European directive on sectoral professions, the education and training of the pharmacists in the European Higher Education Area is moving towards a quality system based on competences. In this paper we analyze the existing quality assurance and accreditation systems in 10 countries and examine how far these systems have evolved from a resources and curriculum basis towards a competences basis. This is the first step towards the goal of the PHAR-QA project: establishment of a European quality assurance system based on competences. Existing systems of quality assurance for pharmacy education and teaching are based mainly on resources and management not competences. Furthermore, they are national, obligatory, and do not recognize all the current activities of the pharmacists. The PHAR-QA system that will be developed by the consortium of the same name will be based on competences; it will be European, consultative, and will encompass pharmacy practice in a wide sense.
Technological Solutions and Main Indices for the Assessment of Newborns’ Nutritive Sucking: A Review
Authors: Tamilia Eleonora , Taffoni Fabrizio , Formica Domenico , Ricci Luca , Schena Emiliano , Keller Flavio , Guglielmelli Eugenio
Published: January 2014

Nutritive Sucking (NS) is a highly organized process that is essential for infants’ feeding during the first six months of their life. It requires the complex coordination of sucking, swallowing and breathing. The infant’s inability to perform a safe and successful oral feeding can be an early detector of immaturity of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Even though the importance of early sucking measures has been confirmed over the years, the need for standardized instrumental assessment tools still exists. Clinicians would benefit from specifically designed devices to assess oral feeding ability in their routine clinical monitoring and decision-making process. This work is a review of the main instrumental solutions developed to assess an infant’s NS behavior, with a detailed survey of the main quantities and indices measured and/or estimated to characterize sucking behavior skills and their development. The adopted sensing measuring systems will be described, and their main advantages and weaknesses will be discussed, taking into account their application to clinical practice, or to at-home monitoring as post-discharge assessment tools. Finally, the study will highlight the most suitable sensing solutions and give some prompts for further research.
Active Design Method for the Static Characteristics of a Piezoelectric Six-Axis Force/Torque Sensor
Authors: Liu Jun , Li Min , Qin Lan , Liu Jingcheng
Published: January 2014

To address the bottleneck issues of an elastic-style six-axis force/torque sensor (six-axis force sensor), this work proposes a no-elastic piezoelectric six-axis force sensor. The operating principle of the piezoelectric six-axis force sensor is analyzed, and a structural model is constructed. The static-active design theory of the piezoelectric six-axis force sensor is established, including a static analytical/mathematical model and numerical simulation model (finite element model). A piezoelectric six-axis force sensor experimental prototype is developed according to the analytical mathematical model and numerical simulation model, and selected static characteristic parameters (including sensitivity, isotropic degree and cross-coupling) are tested using this model with three approaches. The measured results are in agreement with the analytical results from the static-active design method. Therefore, this study has successfully established a foundation for further research into the piezoelectric multi-axis force sensor and an overall design approach based on static characteristics.
Embedded ARM System for Volcano Monitoring in Remote Areas: Application to the Active Volcano on Deception Island (Antarctica)
Authors: Peci Luis , Berrocoso Manuel , Fernández-Ros Alberto , García Alicia , Marrero José , Ortiz Ramón
Published: January 2014

This paper describes the development of a multi-parameter system for monitoring volcanic activity. The system permits the remote access and the connection of several modules in a network. An embedded ARMTM processor has been used, allowing a great flexibility in hardware configuration. The use of a complete Linux solution (DebianTM) as Operating System permits a quick, easy application development to control sensors and communications. This provides all the capabilities required and great stability with relatively low energy consumption. The cost of the components and applications development is low since they are widely used in different fields. Sensors and commercial modules have been combined with other self-developed modules. The Modular Volcano Monitoring System (MVMS) described has been deployed on the active Deception Island (Antarctica) volcano, within the Spanish Antarctic Program, and has proved successful for monitoring the volcano, with proven reliability and efficient operation under extreme conditions. In another context, i.e., the recent volcanic activity on El Hierro Island (Canary Islands) in 2011, this technology has been used for the seismic equipment and GPS systems deployed, thus showing its efficiency in the monitoring of a volcanic crisis.
Advanced Technologies for the Improvement of Spray Application Techniques in Spanish Viticulture: An Overview
Authors: Gil Emilio , Arnó Jaume , Llorens Jordi , Sanz Ricardo , Llop Jordi , Rosell-Polo Joan , Gallart Montserrat , Escolà Alexandre
Published: January 2014

Spraying techniques have been undergoing continuous evolution in recent decades. This paper presents part of the research work carried out in Spain in the field of sensors for characterizing vineyard canopies and monitoring spray drift in order to improve vineyard spraying and make it more sustainable. Some methods and geostatistical procedures for mapping vineyard parameters are proposed, and the development of a variable rate sprayer is described. All these technologies are interesting in terms of adjusting the amount of pesticides applied to the target canopy.
Using Interactive Web Tools in Environmental Planning to Improve Communication about Sustainable Development
Authors: Krätzig Sebastian , Warren-Kretzschmar Bartlett
Published: January 2014

Public involvement in the landscape planning process is an essential opportunity to communicate the goals and objectives of a sustainable planning. However, it is also important to accommodate citizen’s attitudes and perceptions of sustainability on a local or regional scale in the decision-making process. This involvement can be supported by interactive information, discussion, and learning opportunities. This article examines how communication in the context of environmental issues can be supported by modern web tools, social media, and new visualization approaches. Furthermore, the potential of social media to support communication about sustainability on a local scale and the prerequisites for its use in the planning process are discussed. Using a case study about citizens’ response to the development of intensive livestock farming in rural setting, we examine what the perception of sustainability on local scale could mean for citizens. Another case study about interactive landscape planning illustrates how such tools can promote communication about environmental issues and local sustainability. Using a framework for the use of social media, we suggest different application levels of social media in participatory planning. Finally, the opportunities to support sustainable decisions with landscape visualization in environmental planning and decision-making issues are discussed.
Noise performance of frequency modulation Kelvin force microscopy
Authors: Diesinger Heinrich , Deresmes Dominique , Mélin Thierry
Published: January 2014

Noise performance of a phase-locked loop (PLL) based frequency modulation Kelvin force microscope (FM-KFM) is assessed. Noise propagation is modeled step by step throughout the setup using both exact closed loop noise gains and an approximation known as “noise gain” from operational amplifier (OpAmp) design that offers the advantage of decoupling the noise performance study from considerations of stability and ideal loop response. The bandwidth can be chosen depending on how much noise is acceptable and it is shown that stability is not an issue up to a limit that will be discussed. With thermal and detector noise as the only sources, both approaches yield PLL frequency noise expressions equal to the theoretical value for self-oscillating circuits and in agreement with measurement, demonstrating that the PLL components neither modify nor contribute noise. Kelvin output noise is then investigated by modeling the surrounding bias feedback loop. A design rule is proposed that allows choosing the AC modulation frequency for optimized sharing of the PLL bandwidth between Kelvin and topography loops. A crossover criterion determines as a function of bandwidth, temperature and probe parameters whether thermal or detector noise is the dominating noise source. Probe merit factors for both cases are then established, suggesting how to tackle noise performance by probe design. Typical merit factors of common probe types are compared. This comprehensive study is an encouraging step toward a more integral performance assessment and a remedy against focusing on single aspects and optimizing around randomly chosen key values.
ALIGNING KNOWLEDGE STRATEGY AND COMPETITIVE STRATEGY IN SMALL FIRMS
Authors: Bagnoli Carlo , Giachetti Claudio
Published: January 2014

Despite the claim of more and more scholars that there is a need to align knowledge strategies with competitive strategies, little research allows for more precise conceptualizations concerning this problem of inter-level strategic fit, and few have attempted an empirical investigation. This is especially true in the specific context of small firms (SFs), despite the fact, that their knowledge-based resources are more important than their property-based resources. This study aims to investigate, through a quali-quantitative analysis carried out on a sample of SFs in northeast Italy, the alignment between knowledge strategies and competitive strategies. We have identified two types of competitive strategies pursued by SFs, i.e. human resource-based (HR-based) and product and customer service quality-based (PCSQ-based). We have also identified two types of internal knowledge strategy, i.e. exploitation strategy of internal knowledge, and exploration strategy of internal knowledge, as well as two types of external knowledge strategy, i.e. exploitation strategy of external knowledge, and exploration strategy of external knowledge. Our findings reveal that SFs pursuing HR-based competitive strategies tend to adopt exploitation strategies of both internal and external knowledge, while firms pursuing PCSQ-based competitive strategies tend to adopt exploration strategies of both internal and external knowledge.
First report of the genus Conostigmus Dahlbom (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea: Megaspilidae) from India with description of a new species
Authors: Bijoy C , Rajmohana K , Kumar Ramesh
Published: January 2014

The genus Conostigmus Dahlbom (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea: Megaspilidae) is reported for the first time from India, along with description and illustration of C. neotubifer sp. n. A comparative discussion on the morphological affinities of the new species with its putative sister C. tubifer Dessart is provided. An intermixing of character states of genera Conostigmus as well as Dendrocerus Ratzeburg is observed.
Investigación en acción: cómo impulsar la contribución de la universidad en la competitividad de las organizaciones
Authors: Alfaro Tanco José Antonio , Avella Camarero Lucía
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this paper is to promote the use of action research methodology as a useful tool for improving firms’ competitiveness, enhancing relations between Universities and companies. It provides a detailed analysis of the origin and development of action research, its main characteristics and dimensions, and the advantages and drawbacks of using it. Methodologically, we carry out a review of action research experiences published in scientific journals, and we analyze the specific case of the Volkswagen Navarra Enterprise Chair at the University of Navarra. We consider that this work is relevant in academic terms because it describes and analyzes a useful methodology for the field research of business management, and besides, it permits improving the relationships between the University and the firms.
Transovarial transmission of novaluron in Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Kim S.-H.S. , Vandervoort C. , Whalon M.E. , Wise J.C.
Published: January 2014

The obliquebanded leafroller (OBLR), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), has become a significant pest of tree fruit production in North America within the past 25 years. Control of the OBLR has historically relied upon broad-spectrum insecticides like organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids. However, with evidence of resistance development, newer chemistries have been developed to combat this pest. The effects of novaluron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, were studied to determine if reduced egg hatch occurs after exposure to adults. The transovarial effects of this compound were tested through laboratory bioassays, looking at decreased egg hatch and also presence of novaluron in egg masses following adult exposure. Results from the study demonstrated a decrease in egg hatch after adult exposure. Analysis of egg mass using HPLC also demonstrated novaluron present in the eggs laid by treated adults. Along with the direct ovicidal and larvicidal properties of novaluron, this transovarial activity provides an important contribution to the overall control seen in the field.
An improvement in sexual function is related to better quality of life, regardless of urinary function improvement: Results from the IDIProst® Gold Study
Authors: Cai Tommaso , Morgia Giuseppe , Carrieri Giuseppe , Terrone Carlo , Imbimbo Ciro , Verze Paolo , Mirone Vincenzo , Gold Study Group IDIProst®
Published: January 2014

Objective. The relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) has recently received increased attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Alfa-5® association of Serenoa repens, Pinus massoniana Bark Extract (PMBE) and Crocus sativus (IDIProst® Gold) in improvement of patient’s quality of life, when compared with Serenoa repens alone. Materials and Methods. All patients with clinical and instrumental diagnosis of LUTS due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and ED, attending 5 Italians Urological Institutions from May to December 2012 were enrolled in this prospective, multicentre, phase 3 study. Participants were assigned to receive oral capsules of IDIProst® Gold (one capsule q24 h) or Serenoa repens 320 mg (one capsule q24h) for 3 months. Clinical and instrumental analyses were carried out at the enrolment and at the end of therapy. IPSS, IIEF-5 and SF-36 questionnaires have been used. The main outcome measure was the improvement of quality of life at the end of the whole study period. Results. 129 (mean age 45-71 ± 4.36) men were randomly allocated to IDIProst® Gold (n = 83) or Serenoa repens (n = 46). The baseline questionnaire mean scores were 17.1 ± 6.4, 14.9 ± 3.7, 96.3 ± 1.2 for IPSS, IIEF-5 and SF-36, respectively. At the follow-up examination, statistically significant differences have been reported in terms of IPSS (11.9 vs 13.8; p < 0.001), IIEF-5 and SF-36 mean scores (19.3 vs 16.1; 99.7 vs 96.3; p < 0.003; p < 0.001). Moreover, statistically significant differences were then reported between the two visits, in terms of IPSS, IIEF-5 and SF-36 scores (p < 0.003; p < 0.001; p < 0.001), only in the IDIProst® Gold group. Conclusions. In conclusions, we found that IDIProst® Gold significantly improve the quality of life of patients affected by LUTS due to BPH and ED, specifically in terms of sexual function, highlighting that a better sexual quality of life is correlated with an higher overall quality of life regardless of the urinary function.
The Romanesque Portal of the abbey-church of Cluny: study of polychromy
Authors: Castandet Stéphanie , Rollier-Hanselmann Juliette
Published: January 2014

The Romanesque abbey of Cluny was almost entirely destroyed after the French Revolution. As part of the Cluny 2010 initiative (the commemoration of the 1100th anniversary of its foundation), the Gunzo project leads the research and promotion of the heritage of Cluny thanks to digital technologies and virtual reality. This interdisciplinary team is working on the creation of a digital model of the Cluny abbey according to the latest scientific research, including the archaeological excavations and the study of the documentary sources. Samples of polychromes and gildings were collected from selected lapidary fragments which are representative of different parts from the Romanesque Portal (jambs, lintel, tympanum and archivolts). Pigments and gildings were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive Xray spectrometry (EDS) and micro-Raman spectrometry. The physicochemical analyses point up the use of relatively expensive materials, such as gold leaves, lapis lazuli or cinnabar. Moreover, some blackish layers were identified as altered leaves of tin. The palette and abundance of metallic leaves should reflect the prestige of the abbots of Cluny.
Dolomitic marble from Thasos at the Louvre
Authors: Calligaro Thomas , Coquinot Yvan , Guerra Maria Filomena , Herrmann John J. , Laugier Ludovic , Van den Hoek Annewies
Published: January 2014

Many Greek and Roman sculptures in the Louvre appear to be made of coarse-grained, very white dolomitic marble from the north Aegean island of Thasos, and permission was given to test twelve of them in a non-destructive way using a mobile X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. Coarse-grained, white dolomitic marble sources were rare in antiquity, and if these Thasian-looking sculptures proved to be dolomitic rather than calcitic, it is highly likely that they were in fact made of Thasian marble. Ten of the twelve sculptures did prove to be dolomitic marble and therefore very probably Thasian in origin. This new information makes it possible to expand and enrich our knowledge of the exportation of marble from Thasos in both geographic and chronological terms. The tests furthermore confirm that dolomitic marble from Thasos was preferred for colossal replicas of Athena of the Velletri type and also reveal that a group of imperial portraits in Algeria were carved from marble blocks from Thasos. One test offered confirmation that a fragment in the Louvre was part of a relief in Izmir.
Provenancing variscite beads: Pico Centeno (Encinasola, Spain) outcrop case study
Authors: Odriozola Carlos P. , Linares-Catela José A. , Hurtado-Pérez Victor M.
Published: January 2014

In this study we discuss the exploitation and exchange of variscite at Pico Centeno mining district during the Copper Age. X-ray fluorescence and diffraction (XRF and XRD, respectively) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of the mineral recovered at Pico Centeno mining district provides a baseline mineral signature, which was then compared to other Iberian sources and beads from SW Iberian megalithic tombs. We found that the concentrations of trace elements don not allow establishing provenance of the beads, as traditionally claimed. Instead we found that different proportions of phosphate species, which results in P/Al ratios higher than 1, arose during the genesis of the variscite deposits, modifying the concentrations of PO4 3–, H2PO4– and HPO4 2–. Thus, the P/Al atomic ratio should be an indication of provenance as it is established during mineral genesis.