bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laboratory evaluation of particle size-selectivity of optical low-cost particulate matter sensors
Authors: Kuula Joel , Mäkelä Timo , Aurela Minna , Teinilä Kimmo , Varjonen Samu , Gonzales Oscar , Timonen Hilkka
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Low-cost particulate matter sensors (PM) have been under investigation due to their prospective nature regarding spatial extension of measurement coverage. While majority of the existing literature highlights that low-cost sensors can be useful in achieving this goal, it is often reminded that the risk of sensor misuse is still high, and that the data obtained from the sensors is only representative of the specific site and its ambient conditions. This implies that there are underlying reasons yet to be characterized which are causing inaccuracies in sensor measurements. The objective of this study was to investigate the particle size-selectivity of low-cost sensors. Evaluated sensors were Plantower PMS5003, Nova SDS011, Sensirion SPS30, Sharp GP2Y1010AU0F, Shinyei PPD42NS, and Omron B5W-ld0101. The investigation of size-selectivity was carried out in laboratory using a novel reference aerosol generation system capable of steadily producing monodisperse particles of different sizes on-line. The results of the study showed that none of the low-cost sensors adhered exactly to the detection ranges declared by the manufacturers, and moreover, cursory comparison to a mid-cost aerosol spectrometer (GRIMM 1.108) indicated that the sensors could only achieve independent responses for 1–2 size bins whereas the spectrometer could sufficiently characterize particles with 15 different size bins. These observations provide insight and evidence to the notion that particle size-selectivity may have an essential role in the error source analysis of sensors.
Simulated wind farm wake sensitivity to configuration choices in the Weather Research and Forecasting model version 3.8.1
Authors: Tomaszewski Jessica M. , Lundquist Julie K.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Wakes from wind farms can extend over 50 km downwind in stably stratified conditions. These wakes can undermine power production at downwind turbines, adversely undermining revenue. As such, wind farm wake impacts must be considered in wind resource assessments, especially in regions of dense wind farm development. The open-source Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) numerical weather prediction model includes a wind farm parameterization to estimate wind farm wake effects, but model configuration choices can influence the resulting predictions of wind farm wakes. These choices include vertical resolution, horizontal resolution, and whether or not to include the addition of turbulent kinetic energy generated by the spinning wind turbines. Despite the sensitivity to model configuration, no clear guidance currently exists for these options. Here we compare simulated wind farm wakes produced by varying model configurations with observations from in situ meteorological observations near an onshore wind farm in flat terrain over several diurnal cycles. A WRF configuration comprised of horizontal resolutions of 3 km or 1 km paired with a vertical resolution of 10 m provides the most accurate representation of wind farm wake effects, such as the correct surface warming and elevated wind speed deficit. The inclusion of turbine-generated turbulence is also critical to produce accurate surface warming and should not be omitted.
Turbulence in the stratified boundary layer under ice: observations from Lake Baikal and a new similarity model
Authors: Kirillin Georgiy , Aslamov Ilya , Kozlov Vladimir , Zdorovennov Roman , Granin Nikolai
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Seasonal ice cover on lakes and polar seas creates seasonally developing boundary layer at the ice base with specific features: fixed temperature at the solid boundary and stable density stratification beneath. Turbulent transport in the boundary layer determines the ice growth and melting conditions at the ice-water interface, especially in large lakes and marginal seas, where large-scale water circulation can produce highly variable mixing conditions. Since the boundary mixing under ice is difficult to measure, existing models of ice cover dynamics usually neglect or parameterize it in a very simplistic form. We present first detailed observations on mixing under ice of Lake Baikal, obtained with the help of advanced acoustic methods. The dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) was derived from correlations (structure functions) of current velocities within the boundary layer. The range of the dissipation rate variability covered 2 orders of magnitude, demonstrating strongly turbulent conditions. Intensity of mixing was closely connected to the mean speeds of the under-ice currents, the latter being of geostrophic origin and having lake-wide scales. Mixing developed on the background of stable density (temperature) stratification, which affected the vertical structure of the boundary layer. To account for stratification effects, we propose a model of the turbulent energy budget based on the length scale incorporating the dissipation rate and the buoyancy frequency (Dougherty-Ozmidov scaling). The model agrees well with the observations and yields a scaling relationship for the ice-water heat flux as a function of the shear velocity squared. The ice-water heat fluxes in the field were the largest among all reported in lakes (up to 40 W m−2) and scaled well against the proposed relationship. The ultimate result consists in a strong dependence of the water-ice heat flux on the shear velocity under ice. The result suggests large errors in the heat flux estimations, when the traditional bulk approach is applied to stratified boundary layers. It also implies that under-ice currents may have much stronger effect on the ice melt than estimated by traditional models.
Technical note: The beneficial role of stratigraphy on slope stabilization by drainage trenches
Authors: Urciuoli Gianfranco , Comegna Luca , Pirone Marianna , Picarelli Luciano
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Slope stabilization through drainage trenches is a classic approach in geotechnical engineering. Considering the low hydraulic conductivity of the soils in which this measure is usually adopted, a major constraint to the use of trenches is the time required to obtain a significant pore pressure decrease, here called “time lag”. In fact, especially when the slope safety factor is small, the use of drainage trenches may be a chancy approach due to the probability that slope deformations will damage the system well before it will become fully operative. However, this paper shows that the presence of persistent pervious natural soil layers in the slope can provide a significant benefit by increasing drainage efficiency and reducing time lag. As a matter of fact, any pervious layer that is intercepted by trenches may operate as part of the global hydraulic system, reducing the drainage paths. A simplified approach to design a drainage system accounting for the presence of a persistent pervious layer is proposed. This approach, which can exploit solutions available in literature for parallel drainage trenches, has been validated by numerical analyses.
An agent-based model for flood risk warning
Authors: O'Shea Thomas , Bates Paul , Neal Jeffrey
Published: December 2019

Abstract. This paper presents a new flood risk behaviour model developed using a coupled Hydrodynamic Agent-Based Model (HABM). This model uses the LISFLOOD-FP Hydrodynamic Model and the NetLogo (NL) agent-based framework and is applied to the 2005 flood event in Carlisle, UK. The hydrodynamic model provides a realistic simulation of detailed flood dynamics through the event whilst the agent-based model component enables simulation and analysis of the complex, in-event social response. NetLogo enables alternative probabilistic daily routine and agent choice scenarios for the individuals of Carlisle to be simulated in a coupled fashion with the flood inundation. Experiments are also conducted using a novel, enhanced social modelling component, comprised of the Bass Diffusion Model, to investigate the effect of direct or indirect warnings in flood incident response. From the analysis of these coupled simulations, management stress points, predictable or otherwise, can be presented to those responsible for hazard management and post-event recovery. The results within this paper suggest that these stress points can be present, or amplified, by a lack of preparedness or a lack of phased evacuation measures. Furthermore, the methods here outlined have the potential for application elsewhere to reduce the complexity and improve the effectiveness of flood incident management. The paper demonstrates the influence that emergent properties have on systematic vulnerability and risk from natural hazards in coupled socio-environmental systems.
Circulation of the European Northwest Shelf: A Lagrangian perspective
Authors: Ricker Marcel , Stanev Emil V.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The dynamics of the European Northwest Shelf (ENWS), the surrounding deep ocean, and the continental slope between them are analysed in a framework of numerical simulations using Lagrangian methods. Several sensitivity experiments are carried out in which (1) the tides are switched off, (2) the wind forcing is low-pass filtered, and (3) the wind forcing is switched off. To measure particle accumulation, a quantity named the density trend is introduced. Yearly averages of the results in the deep ocean show no permanent particle accumulation areas at the surface. On the shelf, elongated accumulation patterns persist on yearly time scales, often occurring along the thermohaline fronts. In contrast, monthly accumulation patterns are highly variable in both regimes. Tides substantially affect the particle dynamics on the shelf and thus the positions of fronts. The contribution of wind to particle accumulation in specific regions is comparable to that of tides. The role of vertical movements in the dynamics of Lagrangian particles is quantified both for the eddy-dominated deep ocean and for the shallow shelf. In the latter area, winds normal to coasts result in upwelling and downwelling and very clear patterns characterising the accumulation of Lagrangian particles associated with the vertical circulations.
A linear model to derive melt pond depth from hyperspectral data
Authors: König Marcel , Oppelt Natascha
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Melt ponds are key elements in the energy balance of Arctic sea ice. Observing their temporal evolution is crucial for understanding melt processes and predicting sea ice evolution. Remote sensing is the only technique that enables large-scale observations of Arctic sea ice. However, monitoring vertical melt pond evolution in this way is challenging because most of the optical signal reflected by a pond is defined by the scattering characteristics of the underlying ice. Without knowing the influence of melt water on the reflected signal, the water depth cannot be determined. To solve the problem, we simulated the way melt water changes the reflected spectra of bare ice. We developed a model based on the slope of the log-scaled remote sensing reflectance at 710 nm. We validated the model using 49 in situ melt pond spectra and corresponding depths from ponds on dark and bright ice. Retrieved pond depths are precise (RMSE = 2.81 cm) and highly correlated with in situ measurements (r = 0.89; p = 4.34e−17). The model further explains a large portion of the variation in pond depth (R2 = 0.74). Our results indicate that pond depth is retrievable from optical data under clear sky conditions. This technique is potentially transferrable to hyperspectral remote sensors on UAVs, aircraft and satellites.
The Relationship Between Inflation and Gold Price: Evidence From Sri Lanka
Authors: Anandasayanan S. , Thevananth Janani , Mathuranthy A.
Published: December 2019

Gold is most sacred metal among Sri Lankans due to it security and high demand. Gold is treated as an alternative investment avenue. It is often stated that gold is the best preserving purchasing power in the long run. Gold investment can also be used as a hedge against inflation and currency depreciation. Therefore, investors are showing interest in investing in the gold due to economic vulnerability. From an economic and financial point of view, movements in the price of gold are both interesting and important. It cannot be denied that gold price is stable all the time and has minimal fluctuation for economic volatility and financial condition. The price of gold is affected by various factors like inflation, crude oil, exchange rate etc. But gold prices are fluctuated by inflation significantly. Gold prices control the inflation instability. Therefore, deep understanding of the relationship between inflation and gold price is prerequisite. The ultimate objective of the study is to explore the relationship between inflation and gold price. The dependent variable is gold price which is measured by Sri Lanka rupee per Troy ounce meanwhile the independent variable is inflation which is measured by wholesale price index. 240 monthly observations from January 1999 to December 2018 were used in the study. Unit root test, correlation analysis, ordinary least square regression analysis, granger causality test and normality tests are employed for analysing data. The empirical results have found strong and positive correlation between inflation and gold price. The results of regression analysis revealed that inflation significantly impacts on gold price. Unidirectional relationship was found between gold price and inflation.
Selection of Cowpea Lines for Multiple Traits by GYT Biplot Analysis
Authors: Cruz Derivaldo Pureza da , Oliveira Tâmara Rebecca Albuquerque de , Gomes Andréa Barros Silva , Sant'Anna Camila Queiroz da Silva Sanfim de , Gravina Lília Marques , Rocha Richardson Sales , Jaeggi Mário Euclides Pechara da Costa , Pereira Israel Martins , Entringer Geovana Cremonini , Gravina Geraldo De Amaral , Vivas Marcelo , Daher Rogério Figueiredo
Published: December 2019

Cowpea is an African legume that was introduced to Brazil by Portuguese settlers in the mid-16th century. The productive potential of this crop may fluctuate depending on its environment. The objective of the present study was to select cowpea lines with high grain yield coupled with other traits of agronomic interest, such as good adaptability and stability, by the GYT biplot methodology. Twelve lines were evaluated in the years 2016 and 2017 in the municipality of Bom Jesus de Itabapoana, Brazil, in a randomized-block design with four replicates and two cultivars, which were used as controls. The following variables were evaluated: number of days to flowering, final stand, crop value, lodging, pod weight, pod length, seed number per pod, seed weight per pod, 100-seed weight (100SW), and grain yield. Analysis of variance was performed and GYT biplots were constructed using R software and the ggplot2 package. The GYT biplot graph analysis allowed for the selection of superior cowpea genotypes. In the combinations of traits observed, lines L1, L3, L5, L6, L8, and L9 were superior and cultivar Imponente stood out as one of the controls. The yield combinations GY*CV, GY*NDF, GY*LDG, GY*CV, GY*PW, GY*SNP and GY*P100G were positively correlated with each other but showed negative to highly negative correlations with GY*SWP and GY*TS.
Incorporating Energy-Based Metrics in the Analysis of Intermodal Transport Systems in North America
Authors: Zumerchik John , Lanigan Sr. Jack , Rodrigue Jean-Paul
Published: December 2019

As both regulators and operators strive toward energy, security, sustainability, and carbon accounting goals, establishing a consistent approach in monitoring and comparing intermodal freight transportation becomes essential. Current freight performance tools focus on capacity, speed, throughput, productivity, or emissions and tend to be segregated within individual transportation modes. These tools are neither holistic enough for supply chains striving to eliminate waste, nor for transportation planners trying to prioritize public funding. This paper argues that evaluating intermodal quantitatively within an energy-based freight sustainability framework ensures that funding results in lower cost per ton of reduction of carbon, oxides of nitrogen or particulate matter emissions than from the practice of focusing on new engines, retrofits, or electrification.
Passenger Car Equivalents of Light Duty Trucks and the Costs of Mixed Vehicle Traffic: Evidence from Michigan
Authors: Cosgrove Sarah B.
Published: December 2019

This study uses naturalistic data from drivers operating instrumented vehicles to estimate the following distance by vehicle type and compute the passenger car equivalents of light duty trucks (LDTs). Unlike most previous studies, this study separates LDTs by vehicle type and produces evidence that cars follow different types of LDTs at different distances. While car drivers follow pickup trucks more closely, they follow SUVs and minivans at a greater distance. The external cost on the transportation system is estimated to be approximately $37 million annually in the Detroit area and $2.05 billion annually for the United States as a whole.
Pre-Determining Performance-Based Measures for Managed Lanes
Authors: Burris Mark W. , Huang Chao , Geiselbrecht Tina , Goodin Ginger , MacGregor Matthew
Published: December 2019

The operational decisions facing managed lanes can be highly politicized and difficult to make quickly. For example, changing the operating parameters such that a user class can no longer access the lanes may require extensive public debate and ignite controversy. This research examined managed lanes across the country and found that none had developed plans on how to deal with such situations as they arise in the future. We found there are significant potential benefits for agencies if they use operational goals for their managed lane facilities to guide decision making prior to the point it becomes critical. In addition, the policies developed act as a performance promise to managed lane users.
O ordenamento jurídico e seus atributos sob a perspectiva de Norberto Bobbio
Authors: Friede Reis
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo discorre sobre o ordenamento jurídico e os atributos pertinentes (unidade, coerência e completude) sob a perspectiva de Norberto Bobbio, enfrentando, ainda, o problema das antinomias e respectivos critérios solucionadores.
Preparation and clinical application possibilities of human amniotic membrane grafts
Authors: Klama-Baryła Agnieszka , Smętek Wojciech , Łabuś Wojciech , Kitala Diana
Published: December 2019

In the majority of obstetric and gynaecological wards, the fetal membranes along with the rest of the placenta are usually discarded as medical waste. However, donating placenta to the Tissue Bank may provide a highly valuable source of graft material. One of the most common tissues used in clinical transplantation is amniotic membrane. The unique properties of amnion make it highly beneficial not only in preventing bacterial infections, protein loss, fluids and electrolytes disturbances, but also in reducing burn wound pain and accelerating healing processes. Due to its abundance of nutrients and low immunogenicity, it is often used as a skin substitute. Human amnion may be prepared in tissue banks, as biostatic or biovital grafts. In order to increase surgical treatment efficiency and to prevent the risk of potential transmission of infectious diseases, a number of methods of amniotic graft preparation have
been developed. This paper presents the current clinical possibilities of applying human amnion
and other types of placenta tissue grafts in the treatment of wounds of various etiology.
It also describes new application areas of fetal membranes for other diseases. Placental grafts
are extensively used as an alternative therapy in situations when standard treatment does
not produce desirable outcomes. The properties of placental grafts including i.a. low cost,
easy manipulation, capability of promoting cell migration and proliferation and stimulation
of stem cell activity, making them highly beneficial in comparison to many other bioactive
therapies. The alternative source of graft preparation may also be harvested from animal
placenta, which makes it an alternative source of supply to human tissues.
Ensino da Análise Combinatória por meio de Tecnologia Móvel: um relato de experiência
Authors: Tavares Paulo Cezar Monteiro , Bogutchi Tânia Fernandes
Published: December 2019

O ensino da Análise Combinatória nas escolas brasileiras, no início do século XXI, baseia-se, geralmente, na utilização de fórmulas matemáticas. O presente trabalho se dispõe a propor uma estratégia didática que possa contribuir para o ensino desse conteúdo por meio de uma abordagem, que prioriza o raciocínio antes do conhecimento formalizado. Nessa pesquisa foi desenvolvido um aplicativo para smartphone, utilizando a plataforma Android Studio, com a criação de um jogo para o ensino de Análise Combinatória para a Educação Básica. O uso desse aplicativo tem como suporte uma sequência didática elaborada comdesafios que envolvem problemas de contagem, atraindo, assim, a atenção dos alunos e favorecendo o processo de construção do seu conhecimento. O jogo foi aplicado nos alunos do segundo ano do Ensino médio da Escola Educação Criativa, localizada no município de Ipatinga, MG. Ao final do processo da aprendizagem, utilizando essa técnica, os alunos expressaram suas opiniões e críticas respondendo a um questionário semi-estruturado. Por meio desse estudo, foi possível verificar que novas metodologias de ensino, aliadas ao uso de tecnologias, podem contribuir para o ensino de Matemática, especialmente para o de Análise Combinatória.
Modelagem do Tempo de Falha de um Transístor
Authors: Fernandes Júnior Marcelo Pereira , Lopes Marcos Henrique Palma , Andrade Paulo César de Resende
Published: December 2019

A aplicação de técnicas de confiabilidade permite descrever o comportamento de falhas em equipamentos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo modelar o tempo de vida de um transístor por meio da análise de confiabilidade paramétrica. O método de pesquisa utilizado consistiu no estudo de caso, com a coleta dos tempos de falhas de 24 transístores. Métodos gráficos e analíticos foram utilizados, por meio do software ProConf, para verificar que a distribuição que melhor se ajusta aos dados é a distribuição Weibull. As funções de confiabilidade e de risco foram apresentadas. O risco crescente e a confiabilidade decrescente, associados ao fato do parâmetro de forma ser maior que um, indicam um desgaste do equipamento. Isso corresponde ao início da mortalidade senil, fase final de sua vida útil.
„Der schnellste Jude Deutschlands“. Sport, Moderne und (Körper-)Politik im bewegten Leben Alex Natans (1906–1971)
Authors: Schiller Kay
Published: December 2019

This article deals with the biography of the elite Jewish-German sprinter, sports writer and left-wing political activist Alex Natan, „the fastest Jew in Germany“ (Alfred Flechtheim) during the 1920s. Hailing from an assimilated family of the Berlin Jewish-German middle class, Natan was for most of his active career a member of the bürgerlich sport movement, running for SC Charlottenburg Berlin. He achieved his greatest athletic success as a member of the club’s world-record equalling 4x100-meter relay squad in 1929. In addition to Natan’s athletic achievements, the article pays particular attention to his career as a left-wing sports journalist; his participation in the anti-Nazi resistance of civil servants in the Reich Vice Chancellery in 1933/34; his emigration to Britain in 1933; his four-year internment during World War II; the resumption of his journalistic career in the postwar period; and his support for the 1972 Munich Olympics. By focusing on his confrontations with Carl Diem and Karl Ritter von Halt, the article also engages with Natan’s vocal opposition to the rehabilitation after 1945 of sport functionaries who had collaborated with the Nazi regime.
Schattenseiten des dualen Studiums?
Authors: Gerhards Ralf
Published: December 2019

„Die Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg (DHBW) ist wohl die erfolgreichste bildungspolitische Innovation der Nachkriegszeit.“ Diese Einschätzung des Ministeriums für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg wird ergänzt durch den Hinweis, dass durch den seit 2009 verliehenen Hochschulstatus der seinerzeitigen Berufsakademie eine noch höhere überregionale und internationale Anerkennung verbunden sei. Sind diese Lorbeeren zurecht vergeben worden? Wie der vorliegende Beitrag ausweist, gehen gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen auch an der DHBW nicht vorbei. Hinzukommen Entwicklungen innerhalb der DHBW, welche an der erfolgreichsten bildungspolitischen Innovation der Nachkriegszeit rütteln. Diese betreffen insbesondere den Spagat zwischen den Erwartungen der Dualen Part ner (Ausbildungsunternehmen) einerseits und dem akademischen Anspruch einer Hochschule anderseits, aber auch das Gebiet der Forschung. Der Vergleich mit den internen Fachhochschulen des Landes, die Beamtenanwärter ausbilden, zeigt, dass die Wertschätzung gegenüber der DHBW, entgegen der vergebenen Lorbeeren, zu wünschen übriglässt.
La morale dans l’office du juge constitutionnel en Afrique francophone
Authors: Lawson H. N’Sinto A. T.
Published: December 2019

Le rôle de pacification du débat politique que devrait jouer le juge constitutionnel en Afrique francophone est encore incertain. Critiqué pour sa prétendue proximité du pouvoir politique, le juge constitutionnel africain dans son office est parfois contraint de recourir à la règle morale. Cette contribution transcende le débat sur le pouvoir normatif du juge pour évaluer la portée de la règle morale sur les décisions de justice constitutionnelle. D’une part, il s’agit d’analyser la fabrique des décisions de justice à l'aune de la morale. Cette analyse porte respectivement sur les occurrences de la morale dans la décision du juge constitutionnel et les circonstances du recours à la morale dans les jurisprudences ordinaires. Elle révèle la prudence avec laquelle le juge, constitutionnel ou ordinaire, convoque la morale dans son office. D’autre part, il est constaté dans la convocation de la morale dans l’office du juge, une transformation de la fonction prétorienne. Le juge constitutionnel africain se mue en un pouvoir législatif concurrent entraînant parfois une insécurité juridique. Enfin, cette réflexion s’ouvre sur la question de la moralisation de la vie politique en Afrique et relève que l’office du juge est confronté au mythe du gouvernement des juges.
Die Sprache(n) der Anerkennung. Über die Bedeutung mehrsprachigen Protests in einer einsprachigen Demokratie
Authors: Frank Melanie
Published: December 2019

Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der politiktheoretischen Einordnung einer Form des Protests, die gegenwärtig in Deutschland zu beobachten ist: mehrsprachig organisierte Demonstrationen und mehrsprachiges zivilgesellschaftliches Engagement in einer einsprachig organisierten Demokratie. Der mehrsprachige Protest richtet sich gegen restriktive Regelungen in der gegenwärtigen deutschen Migrations- und Asylpolitik. Ausgangspunkt für die Analyse ist James Tullys Begriff der Praktiken der Freiheit. Aus dieser Perspektive betrachtet zeugen die mehrsprachigen Aktionen und mit ihnen die neue Sichtbarkeit der Sprachen von einem Kampf gegen die herrschenden Formen von Zugehörigkeit zur Zivilgesellschaft und der einsprachigen Rahmung des öffentlichen Raums.
Diskriminierungs- und Rassismuserfahrungen geflüchteter Menschen in Deutschland: Ein Forschungsüberblick
Authors: Diekmann Daniel , Fereidooni Karim
Published: December 2019

Auf Grundlage einer Systematisierung des bisherigen Forschungsstands werden in diesem Beitrag einerseits Lebensbereiche definiert, in denen Geflüchtete von Diskriminierung und Rassismus betroffen sind. Andererseits werden konkrete Diskriminierungs- und Rassismusformen sowie -ausprägungen aufgezeigt. Die Befunde belegen, dass geflüchtete Menschen in Deutschland in nahezu allen Lebensbereichen individuell bzw. institutionell Diskriminierung und Rassismus erfahren.
Non-Performing Loans
Authors: Manz Florian
Published: December 2019

Based on the recent European regulatory policies on non-performing loans (NPL), the dissertation ‘Non-Performing Loans: Determinants—Default—Divestiture’ presents four stand-alone research papers on the determinants, default and divestiture of NPL, which explore the effectiveness of the proposed restructuring mechanisms. To begin with, determinants of the situation described by the term NPL are diligently examined, with the author employing a systematic literature review at the levels of macroeconomics, banks and loans. Subsequently, three empirical research studies are devoted to an analysis of security pricing in reaction to NPL divestiture activity in the European equity and debt capital market. The results offer the banking industry as well as the EU and its member states a nuanced idea of how to deal with large amounts of risky assets in times of constantly changing economic circumstances.
Destino sustentável de resíduos sólidos orgânicos em restaurante escola: uma proposta de implementação
Authors: Turchetto Queila , Schüroff Hana Paula , Barros Junior Carlos De , Andreazzi Marcia Aparecida , Emanuelli Isabele Picada
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar os resíduos de laranja gerados em restaurante escola propondo um destino ambientalmente correto. Tendo como objetivo específico propor o reaproveitamento dos resíduos na alimentação dos bovinos da Fazenda Universitária da instituição. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo descritiva da gestão de resíduos de laranja. A investigação foi realizada em duas etapas: primeiramente caracterizou-se o estabelecimento de restauração; e em um segundo momento caracterizou-se uma proposta de aproveitamento dos resíduos na alimentação bovina. Na semana do estudo o restaurante atendeu 3.219 pessoas, produzindo 203,47Kg de bagaço de laranja, que foram destinados direto ao aterro do município. Infere-se que o restaurante descarta anualmente no aterro sanitário quase uma tonelada de resíduos de laranja cabíveis de reaproveitamento. A fazenda da Instituição têm 176 alqueires e contém 632 bovinos, sendo 65 de leite e 567 de corte. Os resíduos de laranja in natura gerados em restaurantes podem ter uma destinação sustentável para serem aproveitados em fazendas próximas sendo integrados na alimentação bovina. O restaurante mostrou-se receptivo, solícito e participativo na execução deste projeto, na exposição do problema dos resíduos, e na proposta de sustentabilidade, bem como no desejo de implanta-las, com raras exceções.
Methodological proposal for assessing urban quality in some organizational and environmental basics: case Jardim Planalto in Confresa - MT, Brazil
Authors: Cessa Raphael Maia Aveiro
Published: December 2019

Este trabalho teve por objetivo propor uma metodologia para avaliação da qualidade urbana sob alguns aspectos ambientais e organizacionais no bairro Jardim Planalto da cidade de Confresa-MT. Sobre a base de dados georreferenciados do bairro estabeleceu-se um gride amostral para avaliações sob o aspecto ambiental e organizacional dos componentes urbanos como: arborização; vias de locomoção; saneamento básico: fornecimento de água e coleta e tratamento de esgoto, caixas públicas coletoras de lixo; telefone público; documentação de imóveis, proximidade de localidades importantes; aterro sanitário; iluminação pública. Tais avaliações eram realizadas por meio da associação de pesos criados subjetivamente às classes dos componentes urbanos citados anteriormente. Foi possível avaliar a qualidade urbana do Jardim Planalto em Confresa por meio da metodologia proposta. Ainda, a metodologia possibilita identificar quais componentes urbanos mais influenciam sobre a referida qualidade. A média aritmética geral dos pesos médios obtidos em cada ponto amostral do gride referente às classes dos componentes urbanos avaliados no bairro Jardim Planalto em Confresa-MT foi de 5,9, condizendo com o nível subjetivo “médio” de qualidade urbana.
A philosophical framework for presenting novelty in a poetic text
Authors: Azarova N. M.
Published: December 2019

Texts of different eras relate to varying degrees to the question of generating and present­ing novelty. Recent poetry has been undergoing visible changes in poets’ attitudes to demon­strating linguistic novelty in texts. Young poets write texts that do not use the established algorithms of presenting and perceiving the new but disguise or surreptitiously reveal appar­ent novelty. One must explore the current practices of hedging against the new in the light of the philosophy of the text and in the context of the need to reconsider methods for studying the language of poetry. The possibility to decipher a poetic text is not embedded in it as an algo­rithm. The linguistic strategy of resisting the contemporary despotism of creativity results in the growing idiomaticity of both individual fragments of a poetic text and a text as a whole.
Positive personality model: Which traits relate to complete mental health as conceived by the Dual Factor Model?
Authors: de la Iglesia Guadalupe , Castro Solano Alejandro
Published: December 2019

The aim of this research was to study the association between the Positive Personality Model (PPM) traits and the state of complete mental health as conceived by the Dual Factor Model (DFM). The sample was composed of 1502 Argentinean adults from the general population (age: M = 39.79, SD = 14.23; gender: 50.1% male, 49.9% female). A cluster analysis replicated the four-group classification of the DFM: complete mental health, symptomatic but content, troubled and vulnerable. The complete mental health cluster showed a significantly higher presence of sprightliness, serenity, moderation and integrity than the other groups. As for humanity, the complete mental health and the symptomatic but content groups had the highest scores. Sprightliness and serenity increased the odds of belonging to the complete mental health group while integrity and humanity decreased these odds. Implications for the Argentinean population are discussed.
Is the rotarod test an objective alternative to the gait score for evaluating walking ability in chickens?
Authors: Malchow J , Dudde A , Berk J , Krause ET , Sanders O , Puppe B , Schrader L
Published: December 2019

Walking ability is related to motor co-ordination which, in rodents, can be assessed by an established test in pharmacological studies — the rotarod test. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a modified rotarod test for chickens and its relation to the often-used gait score system. At the end of their rearing period, we tested 138 male chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) from three differing growth performance strains: Ross 308 (fast-growing; n = 46), Lohmann Dual (medium-growing; n = 46) and Lohmann Brown Plus (slow-growing; n = 46). First, the chickens’ gait scores were assessed and, immediately following this, they were placed gently onto a steady rod. The velocity of the rotating rod gradually increased, and the latency to leave the rod was recorded. By using a linear mixed model, we were able to show that the latency to leave the rotating rod was significantly predicted by the gait score. Fast-growing chickens had shorter durations on the rotating rod, and these durations were associated with gait score. We conclude that the rotarod test provides an objective alternative method for assessing walking ability in chickens without the need for intense observer training or the risk of observer biases and propose that this novel methodology has the potential to function as a precise, objective indicator of animal welfare.
Tekster og sproghandlinger: introduktion til et tema og en problematik
Authors: Borchmann Simon Uffe
Published: December 2019

Denne artikel er en sprogvidenskabelig introduktion til temaet tekst og sproghandling. Artiklen tjener dels som en beskrivelse af den historiske baggrund for temaet, dels som en argumentation for at det er relevant at behandle en bestemt problematik i relation til dette tema.
Tekst og ytringshandlingsteori
Authors: Berge Kjell Lars
Published: December 2019

I artikkelen presenteres det hvordan innsikter fra etablert talehandlingsteori kan anvendes og innlemmes i en utviklet tekstteori der tekster forstås som kulturelt legitimerte meningskapende ytringer i ulike situasjons- og kulturkontekster. I artikkelen vises det hvordan talehandlinger – forstått som ytringshandlinger – er innordnet i tre ulike globale tekststrukturelle mønstre: hiararkiske og lineære strukturer, samt rammestrukturer. Det vises hvordan ytringshandlinger forholdet seg til teksters flerstemmighet. Artikkelen forholder seg første og fremst til tekstteoretiske og –empiriske studier fra Norge og Norden, men diskuterer kortfattet tilsvarende faglig utvikling i systemisk-funksjonell lingvistikk, i den såkalte ”Geneve”-skolen og retorisk struktureteori. I artikkelen er de teoretiske resonnementene ledsaget av konkrete tekster hentet fra autentiske ytringssituasjoner.
The presence of C. P. Cavafy in Greek education: Landmarks and Gaps
Authors: Kalasaridou Sotiria
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article aims to highlight the crucial stages of C.P. Cavafy’s “history in education” through textbooks about literature from 1930 until today. More specifically, the research is constructed around two areas: a) the fundamental role of literary criticism and how it was related to the introduction of C.P. Cavafy in education in 1930, b) the degree of osmosis between History of Literature and History of Education. The methodological criteria of the research are drawn from different areas, such as: i) literary criticism, ii) history of education and educational policy, iii) history of textbook anthologies, and iv) poetry anthologies. a) During a course of eighty years, C. P. Cavafy is found in thirty-five anthologies, teachers’ textbooks and curricula, whereas the parallel reading recommendations reach a staggering eighty-seven; Ithaca is the most anthologised poem — twelve times. b) The positive opinions by the critics and the momentum of school anthologies that tried a holistic approach to poetry defined the inclusion of C. P. Cavafy in the school anthologies during the educational reform of 1929-1932.  c) The position of Cavafy in the History of Modern Greek Literature by K. Th. Dimaras surpasses the efforts made by the critics of that time. Moreover, Linos Politis also holds a part of the restoration of C. P. Cavafy as far as the school textbooks are concerned, as his History of Modern Greek Literature, as well as his poetic anthology, determined the school literary canon from the days of the Restoration of Democracy until now.
Two new polymorphic structures of human full-length alpha-synuclein fibrils solved by cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Guerrero-Ferreira Ricardo , Taylor Nicholas MI , Arteni Ana-Andreea , Kumari Pratibha , Mona Daniel , Ringler Philippe , Britschgi Markus , Lauer Matthias E , Makky Ali , Verasdonck Joeri , Riek Roland , Melki Ronald , Meier Beat H , Böckmann Anja , Bousset Luc , Stahlberg Henning
Published: December 2019

Intracellular inclusions rich in alpha-synuclein are a hallmark of several neuropathological diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Previously, we reported the structure of alpha-synuclein fibrils (residues 1–121), composed of two protofibrils that are connected via a densely-packed interface formed by residues 50–57 (Guerrero-Ferreira, eLife 218;7:e36402). We here report two new polymorphic atomic structures of alpha-synuclein fibrils termed polymorphs 2a and 2b, at 3.0 Å and 3.4 Å resolution, respectively. These polymorphs show a radically different structure compared to previously reported polymorphs. The new structures have a 10 nm fibril diameter and are composed of two protofilaments which interact via intermolecular salt-bridges between amino acids K45, E57 (polymorph 2a) or E46 (polymorph 2b). The non-amyloid component (NAC) region of alpha-synuclein is fully buried by previously non-described interactions with the N-terminus. A hydrophobic cleft, the location of familial PD mutation sites, and the nature of the protofilament interface now invite to formulate hypotheses about fibril formation, growth and stability.
Probe-Seq enables transcriptional profiling of specific cell types from heterogeneous tissue by RNA-based isolation
Authors: Amamoto Ryoji , Garcia Mauricio D , West Emma R , Choi Jiho , Lapan Sylvain W , Lane Elizabeth A , Perrimon Norbert , Cepko Constance L
Published: December 2019

Recent transcriptional profiling technologies are uncovering previously-undefined cell populations and molecular markers at an unprecedented pace. While single cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing is an attractive approach for unbiased transcriptional profiling of all cell types, a complementary method to isolate and sequence specific cell populations from heterogeneous tissue remains challenging. Here, we developed Probe-Seq, which allows deep transcriptional profiling of specific cell types isolated using RNA as the defining feature. Dissociated cells are labeled using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for RNA, and then isolated by fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS). We used Probe-Seq to purify and profile specific cell types from mouse, human, and chick retinas, as well as from Drosophila midguts. Probe-Seq is compatible with frozen nuclei, making cell types within archival tissue immediately accessible. As it can be multiplexed, combinations of markers can be used to create specificity. Multiplexing also allows for the isolation of multiple cell types from one cell preparation. Probe-Seq should enable RNA profiling of specific cell types from any organism.
Systematic analysis and prediction model construction of alternative splicing events in hepatocellular carcinoma: a study on the basis of large-scale spliceseq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas
Authors: Yang Lingpeng , He Yang , Zhang Zifei , Wang Wentao
Published: December 2019

Growing evidence showed that alternative splicing (AS) event is significantly related to tumor occurrence and progress. This study was performed to make a systematic analysis of AS events and constructed a robust prediction model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The clinical information and the genes expression profile data of 335 HCC patients were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Information of seven types AS events were collected from the TCGA SpliceSeq database. Overall survival (OS) related AS events and splicing factors (SFs) were identified using univariate Cox regression analysis. The corresponding genes of OS-related AS events were sent for gene network analysis and functional enrichment analysis. Optimal OS-related AS events were selected by LASSO regression to construct prediction model using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Prognostic value of the prediction models were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and KaplanMeir survival analysis. The relationship between the Percent Spliced In (PSI) value of OS-related AS events and SFs expression were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. And the regulation network was generated by Cytoscape. A total of 34,163 AS events were identified, which consist of 3,482 OS-related AS events. UBB, UBE2D3, SF3A1 were the hub genes in the gene network of the top 800 OS-related AS events. The area under the curve (AUC) of the final prediction model based on seven types OS-related AS events was 0.878, 0.843, 0.821 in 1, 3, 5 years, respectively. Upon multivariate analysis, risk score (All) served as the risk factor to independently predict OS for HCC patients. SFs HNRNPH3 and HNRNPL were overexpressed in tumor samples and were signifcantly associated with the OS of HCC patients. The regulation network showed prominent correlation between the expression of SFs and OS-related AS events in HCC patients. The final prediction model performs well in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients. And the findings in this study improve our understanding of the association between AS events and HCC.
Paying More for Primary Care—A New Approach by Medicare
Authors: Shah Soleil , Gondi Suhas , Navathe Amol S.
Published: December 2024

This Viewpoint discusses a new prospective payment model that supports primary care for accountable care organizations in the Medicare Shared Savings Program.
Developing Evidence-Based Health Policy for Dementia Care
Authors: Baicker Katherine , Simon Kosali
Published: December 2024

This JAMA Forum discusses developments in health policy that may help address issues, including rising costs and complex care delivery, in the treatment of patients with Alzheimer disease and related dementias in the US.
Gestational Diabetes, the Human Milk Metabolome, and Infant Growth and Adiposity
Authors: Nagel Emily M. , Peña Armando , Dreyfuss Jonathan M. , Lock Eric F. , Johnson Kelsey E. , Lu Chang , Fields David A. , Demerath Ellen W. , Isganaitis Elvira
Published: December 2024

Importance

Gestational diabetes (GD) is linked to health risks for the birthing parent and infant. The outcomes of GD on human milk composition are mostly unknown.

Objective

To determine associations between GD, the human milk metabolome, and infant growth and body composition.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Cohort study using data from the Mothers and Infants Linked for Healthy Growth and the Maternal Milk, Metabolism, and the Microbiome studies at the University of Oklahoma and University of Minnesota, large prospective US cohorts with a high proportion of exclusive breastfeeding. Participants were mother-infant dyads recruited between October 2014 and August 2019 who planned to exclusively breastfeed for 3 or more months. Data were analyzed from July 2022 to August 2024.

Exposure

GD diagnosed via oral glucose tolerance test.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The milk metabolome was assessed by untargeted liquid chromatography–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry at 1 month post partum. Infant growth (weight for length z score, length for age z score, and rapid weight gain) and body composition (percentage body fat and fat-free mass index) from 0 to 6 months were assessed. Linear regression analyses tested associations between GD and milk metabolites, with adjustment for covariates and potential confounders.

Results

Among 348 dyads (53 with GD), 27 (51%) of the GD-exposed infants were female and 157 (53%) of nonexposed infants were male; 10 (19%) were Asian, 2 (4%) were Black or African American, and 37 (70%) were White. The mean (SD) age was higher in the GD group (with GD, 34.0 [4.3] years; without GD, 30.7 [4.1] years). In adjusted models, GD was associated with differential levels of 9 metabolites of 458 tested (FDR<0.05); 3 were higher (2-hydroxybutyric acid, 3-methylphenylacetic acid, and pregnanolone sulfate) and 6 were lower in women with GD (4-cresyl sulfate, cresol, glycine, P-cresol sulfate, phenylacetic acid, and stearoylcarnitine). Phenylacetic acid was associated with length for age z score (β = 0.27; SE, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.16), 2-hydroxybutryic acid with percentage body fat (β = −1.50; SE, 0.66; 95% CI, −2.79 to −4.82), and stearoylcarnitine with greater odds of rapid weight gain (odds ratio, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.25). GD was associated with greater length for age z scores (β = 0.48; SE, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.91).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this observational cohort study, GD was associated with altered concentrations of several human milk metabolites. The associations between these metabolites and infant growth suggest that milk compositional differences in mothers with GD may beneficially moderate the growth and body composition of their infants.