bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of TLR-8 Gene Polymorphisms (rs3764880 and rs3788935) Associated to Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Kupang, Indonesia
Authors: Charles Afandi , Penggoam Simeon , Maskoen Ani Melani , Sahiratmadja Edhyana
Published: April 2021

Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR-8) is known as part of intracellular signaling transduction for bacterial phagocytosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is intracellular pathogenic bacteria that is recognized by this receptor, and genetic variation of TLR-8 might alter susceptibility of the host towards pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). This study aimed to determine whether TLR-8 gene polymorphisms were associated to PTB in Kupang, Indonesia. This case-control study compared demographic and clinical data between 115 PTB patients and 115 controls, then two TLR-8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3764880 and rs3788935) were explored using the GoldenGate® Genotyping for VeraCode® / BeadXpress Illumina®. There is no significant difference between sex distribution of patient vs control groups. The polymorphisms (rs3764880 and rs3788935) are in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in this population (p > 0.05). The distribution of major vs minor genotypes and alleles of TLR-8 polymorphisms in PTB patients were as followed: rs3764880 (GG vs GA vs AA, 50.0% vs 21.4% vs 28.6% ; G vs A, 60.9% vs 39.1% ) and rs3788935 (GG vs GA vs AA, 53.0% vs 21.7% vs 25.3%; G vs A, 62.9% vs 37.1%). Neither genotypes nor alleles were associated with PTB in this population (P > 0.05). Besides, when the analyses were stratified by gender, none of the alleles of polymorphism in both genders were associated with PTB cases. None of the TLR-8 polymorphisms have associated the risk of developing PTB in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara population (as opposed to other studies in different ethnic groups). These might reflect the diversity of genetic polymorphisms in eastern Indonesia populations, suggesting different genetic backgrounds with western part of Indonesia.
Intestinal Parasitic Infection, The Use of Latrine, and Clean Water Source In Elementary School Children At Coastal And Non-Coastal Areas, Sumenep District, Indonesia
Authors: Renaldy R. Bagus Yanuar , Aflahudin M. Ahda Naufal , Salma Zukhaila , Sumaryono Sumaryono , Fitriah Muhammad Yasin , Sulistyawati Sri Wijayanti , Husada Dominicus , Basuki Sukmawati
Published: April 2021

Inadequate latrine and water source cause transmission of intestinal parasitic infection, particularly in children. There is a lack information about it and it is needed to be investigated. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection, the use of latrine and clean water source in elementary school children at coastal and non-coastal areas in Sumenep District, Indonesia. An analytic observational study with cross sectional design was conducted in Dasuk Timur Elementary School located at coastal area, and Kolor II Elementary School at non-coastal area, Sumenep district, in January 2020. Intestinal parasites in students’ stools were identified by microscopic examination using wet direct smear stained with lugol. The use of latrine and water sources were analyzed with questionnaire. A total of 68 children stools were collected from both elementary schools. Worm infections were not found. Thirty-one children (31/44, 70.5%) from Dasuk Timur Elementary School and eight children (8/24, 33.3%) from Kolor II Elementary School were infected with intestinal protozoan and significant difference (P=0.003, Chi-square test). Blastocystis hominis was highly found in stools of Dasuk Timur Elementary School’s students (31/44, 70.5%) and significantly different from Kolor II Elementary School’s students (P<0.0001, Chi-square test). Three children (3/44, 6.8%) from Dasuk Timur Elementary School were still practicing open defecation. Dasuk Timur Elementary School’s students suffered from intestinal parasitic infection were mostly using non-piped water source (20/31, 64.5%) and were significantly different between two elementary schools (P=0.015, Fisher’s exact test). Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in children was found higher in coastal than non-coastal area due to the commonly use of unclean water sources and inadequate latrine.
The Characteristics of Hypertension Patients at Puskesmas Waru, Pamekasan in 2018
Authors: Andria Kiki Mellisa , Widati Sri , Nurmala Ira
Published: April 2021

Background: Hypertension is a hidden threat since it often occurs without symptoms. Hypertension disease is the main cause of stroke and heart disease, which affects most of the world’s population. The prevalence of hypertension in developed countries is quite high by 37% while in developing countries by 29.9%. Purpose: To know the hypertension patients’ profile at Puskesmas Waru, Pamekasan on January to December 2018. Method: This research method used an observational descriptive-qualitative study with a case study research design. The sample was taken with total sampling method from 220 people. Results: Among 220 people, who was diagnosed by hypertension was mostly at 45-65 years old by 57.3% and female by 62.3%. For educational factors they mostly had junior high school education by 34.5%. Whereas for the occupational factor more often occured in housewives by 36.8%. Most of their main problems were headache by 41.8%. The most of hypertension diagnosed type is primary hypertension by 42% and Stage 2 hypertension by 55.4% then also followed by family comorbidity by 60%. Conclusion: The aging process in women creates the hormonal factors that trigger the occurrence of hypertension. This is because at the age of 45, blood vessels will start to narrow and become stiff. The lack of education causes the receiving process of information become not maximum so that it will impact on health status and one of the causes is due to the stress that is experienced by many housewives. Stress causes the headaches. Therefore, mostly hypertension patients have the headache. Most hypertension cases occur without any definite cause and with Stage 2 and the presence of family comorbidity due to genetic factors that influence it.
The Compliance of Hospital Nurse in the Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Ramdhani Ainun Azizah , Latief Nur Annisha Karunia , Syahrul Fariani , Mudjianto Dwiono
Published: April 2021

Background: Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) is one of the most common infections in the hospital. In order to prevent and control CAUTI incidence, nurses are required to implement bundles of prevention. However, the lack of nurses’ compliance behavior in implementing the CAUTI bundle prevention was found. Objective: This study analyzes the nurse’s compliance behavior in implementing CAUTI prevention using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) approach. Methods: This study was an analytical descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Nurses who work in ICU, ICCU, HCU, and in-patient unit of the hospital were set as study population and taken as samples using simple random sampling. Background factors (age, education, knowledge, employment duration, career levels), attitudes, subjective norms, Perceived Behavior Control (PBC), and intention were determined as independent variables. In contrast, nurses’ compliance behavior in CAUTI prevention bundle implementation was determined as the dependent variable. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using logistic regression with a significance level of α < 0.05. Results: Among 111 nurses, most of them are in the age of 26-45 years (80.1%), has worked as a nurse for 8-13 years (29.7%), reach career level at Clinical Nurse 3 (51.4%), and have good knowledge about CAUTI prevention bundle (83.8%). The employment duration and career levels are background factors that correlate the most to the TPB factors. The nurses’ compliance behavior is influenced by attitude, subjective norm, PBC, and intention (P Value= 0.000). Multivariate analysis shows that intention is associated with nurses’ compliance behavior and increases nurses’ commitment to implement CAUTI prevention bundle (P Value= 0.033, OR= 6.46). Conclusion: The intention simultaneously influences the nurses’ compliance behavior.
İlköğretim birinci sınıf öğrencilerinde ağız ve diş sağlığı durumu ve etkileyen faktörler
Authors: DOĞAN Yunus Emre , DOĞAN Ayşe Nur , AVCI Burhanettin , BALKAYA Hacer , DÜNDAR Mehmet Akif , MERT Erdal , ÖZTÜRK Ahmet
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Sağlık Bakanlığı’nın Koruyucu Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı Programı Muayene Takip
Formunda yer alan verilerden faydalanarak ilköğretim birinci sınıf öğrencilerin ağız
ve diş sağlığı durumlarını ve etkileyen faktörleri değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırmada 2017-2018 Eğitim ve Öğretim Döneminde Kayseri İl Sağlık
Müdürlüğü tarafından yapılmış olan ağız ve diş sağlığı çalışmaları kapsamında taranan
13,836 öğrencinin formları değerlendirilmiştir. Formlar iki bölümden oluşmakta
olup, ilk bölümde öğrenci velilerinin doldurması gereken ve öğrencilerin kişisel
özellikleri, diş sağlığına yönelik tutum ve davranışları ile ilgili bilgiler bulunmaktadır.
İkinci bölüm ise yapılan muayenelerin bulgularını içermektedir. Elde edilen nicel
veriler ortalama ve standart sapma, nitel veriler sayı ve yüzde ile gösterilmiş, kişisel
özellik ve alışkanlıkları dmft indeksi ile karşılaştırmak için bağımsız örneklerde t testi,
Tek Yönlü ANOVA ve Post-hoc Tukey testleri kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizlerde
p<0.05 değeri anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Değerlendirilen öğrencilerde çürük
deneyimi prevalansı %73.3, tedavi edilmemiş çürüklü öğrenci yüzdesi %69.6 olarak
bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin dmft indeksi 3.58±3.32 olarak bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin
tarama sonuçlarına göre dmft indeksi erkeklerde, veli öğrenim durumu ortaokul ve
altı olanlarda, kendine ait diş fırçası olmayanlarda, dişlerini fırçalamayanlarda, diş
eti kanaması olanlarda, ortodontik tedavi görenlerde, en son diş hekimine gitme
sebebi ağrı veya yakınma ve tedavi veya tedavi takibi olanlarda diğer gruplara göre
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Ara yüz
fırçası/diş ipi kullanımı ile dmft indeksi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır
(p>0.05). Sonuç: Kayseri’deki okullarda tarama verilerinin sonuçları çürük sıklığının
Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından belirlenen hedeflerin çok gerisinde olduğunu
göstermektedir. Ağız-diş sağlığı ölçütlerimizi iyileştirmeye yönelik olarak “Koruyucu
Diş Hekimliği Hizmetleri”nin yaygınlaştırılması gerektiği düşünülmektedir
Four Dimensional Circular Model To Measure Interaction Of Two Economies
Authors: Tan AslıPınar
Published: April 2021

In the book “Everyhing Is A Circle: A New Model For Orbits Of Bodies In The Universe”, and further in the Article “Distance Between Two Circles in Any Number of Dimensions is a Vector Ellipse”, it has been mathematically demonstrated that “distance between points on any two different circles in any number of multiple dimensions” is equivalent to “distance of points on a vector ellipse from another fixed or moving point”. Using this mathematical methodology, a method is provided in this Article as a measure for the amount of interaction between two international economies, which are two countries or economic zones, by modelling each economy in terms of a “circle in four dimensions”. Based on this method, the proximity of the two economies at the end of each fiscal period, which is generally a fiscal year, is then measured by the distance between points at the end of the given period on the two circles in four dimensions, associated with these two economies in our model.
Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphisms and Maternal Overprotection Regulate Adult Social Expectations on Close Relationships
Authors: Bonassi Andrea , Cataldo Ilaria , Gabrieli Giulio , Lepri Bruno , Esposito Gianluca
Published: April 2021

Humans are evolutionary-driven to adult mating and conceive social expectations on the quality of their affiliations. The genetic susceptibility to adverse environments in critical periods can alter close relationships. The current research investigates how the promoter region of the Serotonin Transporter Gene (5-HTTLPR) and perceived caregiving behavior in childhood could influence the social expectations on close adult relationships. For this purpose, 5-HTTLPR data was collected from the buccal mucosa of 65 Italian individuals (33 males). The participants filled a) the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) to provide the levels of care and overprotection from mother and father, and b) the Experience in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) to report the social expectations on the intimate relationship assessed in terms of anxiety and avoidance from the partner. An interaction effect between 5-HTTLPR and PBI dimensions on the ECR-R scores was hypothesized. Results confirmed that the interplay between the genetic groups and history of maternal overprotection predicted avoidance experienced in romantic relationships in adulthood. Moreover, both adult anxiety and avoidance felt in an intimate relationship were found to covary as a function of maternal overprotection. The present work proposes further evidence of the genetic and parental mechanisms regulating social expectations involved in close relationships.
COVID-19 Clinical Practice Guidelines Hadhramout Initiative Against Corona Group (HIAC Group)
Authors: Baradwan Abdulla A. , Ba-Msahell Khalid H. , Ba-Saddik Iman A. , Albakri Ibrahim , Batis Hassan O. , Babiqai Ahmed , Al habshi Ahmed , Bajaber Shaker , Badheeb Ahmed M.
Published: April 2021

Hadhramout Initiative Against Corona (HIAC ) formed a working group of clinicians relevant to the management of COVID-19 to formulate clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for clinicians caring for the patients infected with COVID-19 in Yemen. The regional guidelines on the management of COVID-19 were thoroughly reviewed and its applicability was assessed for Yemen. HIAC’s recommendations covered (2) sections: the first one is the diagnosis, including case definition, risk stratification of the affected cases, investigations (prioritization of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, D-dimer, chest x-ray, and chest computed tomography, while the second part covers the treatments (mainly Favipiravir, Remdesivir, Hydroxychloroquine, and Glucocorticoid, Anticoagulants, and Supportive measures). In conclusion, the adoption of cost-effective and evidence-based guidelines in Yemen will standardize the management of the patients infected with COVID-19 and protect both the patients and the health care workers from malpractice.
Combining Satellite InSAR, Slope Units and Finite Element Modeling for Stability Analysis in Mining Waste Disposal Areas
Authors: López-Vinielles Juan , Fernández-Merodo José A. , Ezquerro Pablo , García-Davalillo Juan C. , Sarro Roberto , Reyes-Carmona Cristina , Barra Anna , Navarro José A. , Krishnakumar Vrinda , Alvioli Massimiliano , Herrera Gerardo
Published: April 2021

Slope failures pose a substantial threat to mining activity due to their destructive potential and high probability of occurrence on steep slopes close to limit equilibrium conditions, often found both in open pits and in waste and tailing disposal facilities. The development of slope monitoring and modeling programs usually entails the exploitation of in situ and remote sensing data together with the application of numerical modeling, and it plays an important role in the definition of prevention and mitigation measures aimed at minimizing the impact of slope failures in mining areas. Here we present a new methodology combining satellite radar interferometry and 2D finite element modeling for slope stability analysis at a regional scale, applied within slope unit polygons. We studied a former mining area in southeast Spain, and the method proved useful in detecting and characterizing a considerably large number of unstable slopes. Out of 1,959 slope units used for the spatial analysis of the radar interferometry data, 43 were unstable, with varying values of safety factor and landslide size. Out of the 43 active slope units, 21 exhibited line of sight velocities greater than the maximum error obtained through the validation analysis (2.5 cm/year). Eventually, this work discusses the possibility of using the results of the proposed approach to devise a proxy for landslide hazard. The proposed methodology can help to provide non-expert final users with intelligible, clear and easily comparable information to analyze slope instabilities in different settings, not limited to mining areas.
POTENSI DAN MASALAH DESA WISATA BATIK: STUDI KASUS DESA GIRILAYU, KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR
Authors: Sari Nyta Rosidha , Rahayu Paramita , Rini Erma Fitria
Published: April 2021

Saat ini pengembangan desa wisata tengah gencar dilakukan di Indonesia. Salah satu desa di Kabupaten Karanganyar yang dicanangkan sebagai desa wisata yaitu Desa Girilayu. Desa Girilayu berada di Kecamatan Matesih, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Pencanangan Desa Girilayu sebagai desa wisata dilakukan setelah penetapan desa tersebut sebagai Desa Vokasi pada tahun 2013 oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Karanganyar. Penetapan sebagai desa wisata dilakukan karena mayoritas masyarakat Desa Girilayu memiliki keahlian membatik dan Desa Girilayu merupakan sentra batik tulis di Kabupaten Karanganyar. Meskipun Desa Girilayu telah memiliki beberapa potensi wisata, untuk menjadi sebuah desa wisata harus memenuhi beberapa komponen spesifik pengembangan desa wisata. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai potensi dan masalah yang ada pada Desa Wisata Batik Girilayu berdasarkan komponen desa wisata. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT EFAS-IFAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Desa Wisata Batik Girilayu berada pada kuadran I diagram Kartesius, yang berarti secara keseluruhan memiliki potensi kekuatan dari dalam kawasan dan potensi peluang pengembangan dari luar kawasan. Komponen atraksi, fasilitas penunjang, akomodasi, transportasi dan aksesibilitas serta hospitality dinilai sebagai potensi kekuatan dari dalam kawasan dan memilki potensi peluang pengembangan. Untuk kesadaran masyarakat hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa komponen tersebut masih cenderunng lemah, tetapi tetap dapat dikatakan sudah berpotensi dalam hal pengembangan dari luar kawasan. Komponen ini cenderung lemah karena pengelola Desa Wisata Batik Girilayu belum terbentuk sehingga program pengembangan desa wisata belum terlaksana dan belum memiliki arah yang jelas.
NGEMPLAK SUTAN SEBAGAI KAMPUNG ZERO WASTE DI SURAKARTA
Authors: Zulfa Shinta Ahdiani , Rahayu Paramita , Rini Erma Fitria
Published: April 2021

Permasalahan persampahan terutama dalam hal volume harian sampah yang sangat besar di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh kondisi masyarakat yang masih menganut paradigma lama persampahan, yaitu kumpul, angkut, buang. Konsep zero waste menjadi solusi bagi kawasan yang ingin mengatasi masalah persampahan. Surakarta dengan produksi sampah mencapai 310 ton perhari menggagas solusi yang salah satunya dengan membentuk kampung yang menerapkan pengelolaan sampah dari sumber yang diimplementasikan pada Kampung Ngemplak Sutan RW 37, Mojosongo. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi sejauh mana dan bagaimana penerapan konsep zero waste di Kampung Ngemplak Sutan. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deduktif dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis skoring dengan skala likert dan statistik deskriptif. Teknik analisis skoring dengan skala likert pada penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melakukan evaluasi yang didasarkan pada persepsi masyarakat yang kemudian dituangkan dalam skala penilaian. Hasil skoring likert berupa persentase pencapaian dari masing-masing komponen. Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk memperkaya informasi dari analisis skoring likert. Secara keseluruhan, hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Kampung Ngemplak Sutan telah menerapkan konsep zero waste dengan persentase realisasi 67,78% dan masuk dalam range penilaian baik. Komponen yang paling memberikan pengaruh pada capaian persentase tersebut adalah infrastruktur (34.7%), sumber daya manusia/SDM (16.73%), dan kebijakan (13.64%). Oleh karena itu, dapat dikatakan bahwa infrastruktur, SDM, dan kebijakan merupakan tiga komponen penting yang harus diperhatikan dalam upaya menerapkan konsep zero waste di suatu lingkungan. Disamping itu, sub komponen lain seperti potensi ekonomi dan kelembagan juga penting untuk dipertimbangkan karena secara keseluruhan semua komponen tersebut akan mempengaruhi keberhasilan penerapan konsep zero waste.
Istiḥsān Dalam Madhhab Shāfi‘ī: Tinjauan Atas Kasus Mustathnayāt Madhhab Shāfi‘ī Perspektif Istiḥsān Madhhab Hanafī
Authors: Saleh Abdul Mun'im
Published: April 2021

Istiḥsān is a dalīl (source and method) of Islamic law validated by the Hanafi school. Al-Shafi’i strongly rejected istiḥsān (juristic preference) and considered those who practice it as trying to compete with God as the Ultimate Authority and taking a careless decision. However, the istiḥsān way of thinking in the Shafi’i school is not uncommon but is considered valid. In the discipline of al-qawa’id al-fiqhiyah (Islamic legal maxims), the existence of mustathnayat (exceptions) cases with istithna’ (exception) method is showing istihsan method. This research compares mustathnayat/exception cases in qawa’d al-fiqhiyyah in Shafi’i madhhab and istihsan in Hanafi madhhab. The origin of the legal decision of exception in mustahnayat is judged from istihsan’s point of view. This research accepts that mustathnayat cases in Shafi’i madhhab result from thinking methods like istihsan in Hanafi madhhab in all aspects (its reality, method, and purpose).Istiḥsān adalah fasilitas dalīl shar’ī milik madhhab Ḥanafī. Al-Shāfi’ī dengan keras menolak istiḥsān dan melukiskan orang yang mempraktekkannya sebagai menyaingi Tuhan sebagai pemegang otoritas hukum dan mengambil keputusan sembarangan. Akan tetapi di dalam madhhab Shāfi’ī sendiri cara berfikir semacam istiḥsān itu sebenarnya bukan hal yang asing. Dalam disiplin ilmu al-qawā’id al-fiqhīyah, keberadaan kasus-kasus mustathnayāt dengan langkah-langkah istithnā’ menampilkan cara kerja istiḥsān. Penelitian ini mencoba membandingkan kasus-kasus mustathnayāt dalam ilmu al-qawā’id al-fiqhīyah milik madhhab Shāfi’ī dengan istiḥsān milik madhhab Shāfi’ī. Seluk beluk keputusan hukum eksepsi dalam bentuk mustathnayāt itu ditilik dari sudut pandang istiḥsān. Penelitian ini membenarkan bahwa kasus-kasus mustathnayāt madhhab Shāfi’ī adalah hasil dari metode berfikir sebagaimana istiḥsān dalam madhhab Ḥanafī, baik hakikatnya, metodologinya maupun tujuannya.
Expansion and Reduction of Soft Sets and their Applications in Decision Making
Authors: Cagman Naim , Eraslan Selim
Published: April 2021

In this study, we first define expansion and reduction of the soft sets that are based on the linguistic modifiers. By using these new notions we then construct a decision making method called soft reduction method, which selects a set of optimum alternatives. We finally present an example which shows that the methods can be successfully applied to many problems containing uncertainties.
Carbon dioxide abatement in China: Revisiting the role of renewable energy, financial development and urbanization from Quantile ARDL approach
Authors: Sharif Arshian , hussain Hamid , Musibau Hammed Oluwaseyi , Sinha Avik
Published: April 2021

The current study re-investigates the link between renewable power utilization, financial advancements, urbanization and carbon emanations by applying the newly introduced quantile autoregressive distributed lag (QARDL) method proposed by Cho et al. (2015) in Chinese economy. The framework is assessed utilizing quarterly data during the time span of 1970Q1-2017Q4. The outcomes confirm that the association between the variable is quantile-dependent, which may uncover ambiguous outcomes in the previous research using out-dated estimations that mainly focus on the mean. The outcomes of Wald-test further confirmed the parameter constancy for China. Interestingly, we have found that on the one hand, renewable energy utilization helps in declining the CO2 emanations, and on the other hand, financial advancement and urbanization augments the CO2 emanations. Moreover, the causality analysis results divulge the existence of bidirectional causal associations between (a) renewable power and Carbon emanations, (b) financial advancements and Carbon emanations, and (c) urbanization and Carbon emanations. The findings recommended that government enforcement of renewable energy implementation should entail the introduction of cleaner production processes across the industries, so the level of environmental awareness helps the citizens in identifying the ecologically sustainable utilization patterns.
Nanopore sequencing of tomato mottle leaf distortion virus, a new bipartite begomovirus infecting tomato in Brazil
Authors: Martins Thais Pereira , Souza Tadeu Araujo , Silva Patricia Santos , Nakasu Erich Yukio Tempel , Melo Fernando Lucas , Inoue-Nagata Alice Kazuko , Nagata Tatsuya
Published: April 2021

During a survey in a tomato field in Luziânia (Goiás State, Brazil), a plant showing mottling, chlorotic spots, and leaf distortion was found. A new bipartite begomovirus was found by Nanopore sequencing, and the full DNA-A sequence was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The highest nucleotide identity match of this DNA-A genome (2596 bases) was 81.65% with tomato golden leaf deformation virus (HM357456). Due to the current species demarcation criterion of 91% of nucleotide identity (DNA-A), we propose it as a new member of the genus Begomovirus, named Tomato mottle leaf distortion virus.
Concentration Distribution of Anti-VEGF Drugs Injected Into the Vitreous Cavity of Vitrectomy and Non-vitrectomy Eyes
Authors: Liu Guangsen , Li Yue , Gao Lei , Huang Xudong
Published: April 2021

Objective: To study the difference of retinal drug concentration distribution of anti-VEGF drugs injected into the vitreous cavity of vitrectomy and non-vitrectomy eyes.Methods: This article reviews the related studies on the distribution of retinal drugs after vitrectomy and non-vitrectomy eyes after IVI of anti-VEGF drugs. Results: There were few studies on retinal drug concentration after vitrectomy and non-vitrectomy eyes after vitreous injection of anti-VEGF drugs. Pharmacokinetics plays an important role in drug tissue distribution and onset time. A faster drug clearance rate can theoretically explain that the shorter retention time of anti-VEGF drugs in the vitreous cavity after intraocular injection of anti-VEGF drugs after vitrectomy, the lower concentration of anti-VEGF drugs in the vitreous cavity at the same time point, which can explain the reason for the poor efficacy of anti-VEGF treatment in the eyes after vitrectomy. Therefore, we have reason to believe that there is a difference in retinal drug concentration after vitrectomy and non-vitrectomy eyes after intravitreous injection of anti-VEGF drugs. Previous research results may have some deficiencies, which need to be verified by further research. Conclusion: There are differences in retinal drug concentration between vitrectomy eyes and non-vitrectomy eyes after vitreous injection of anti-VEGF drugs. There may be some deficiencies in the previous research results, which need to be verified by further research.
Design and performance enhancement of a dense wavelength division multiplexing MIMO-FSO systems using DPPM and OOK modulation 
Authors: Elsayed Ebrahim E.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we design and analyze the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) in the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) free-space optical (FSO) communications system using the digital-pulse position modulation (DPPM) and on-off keying (OOK). We show the effects noises, interchannel crosstalk, and atmospheric turbulence for the proposed system in the weak and strong turbulence with the modulation techniques. DWDM channels suffer from the inter-channel crosstalk while the communication performance in an obviously limited by the MIMO-FSO caused by atmospheric scintillation. All Impairments, in addition to noises of the optical amplification which is emerged the amplified spontaneous emission and are likely to be problematic, particularly in the upstream direction, which are investigated, the results obtained a high enough crosstalk ratio can achieve access to high-capacity in a system network safe and human. DPPM is a more power efficient modulation and lower power penalty 0.2 ~ 0.3 dB from the OOK modulation.
The efficacy and safety of Anyu Peibo Capsule in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder in China: study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Huang Jingjing , Yu Yimin , Jiang Yi , Chen Wu , Li Yan , Shen Yifeng , Zheng Qingshan , Li Huafang
Published: April 2021

Background: Major depressive disorder is the second leading cause of year lost to disability worldwide. Anyu Peibo Capsule was shown to have certain effective and favorable safety in phase II trials.Methods: The clinical study is a multi-center, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel groups phase Ⅲ trail of Anyu Peibo Capsule in China, to aim whether the administration of Anyu Peibo Capsule compared to placebo improves clinical outcome in adults (18 years to 65 years) with MDD. The subjects will receive 8-week treatment with Anyu Peibo Capsule 1.6 g per day or placebo. The primary outcome will be the change of total score from baseline to the end of week 8 in Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale.Discussion: The trial aims to provide pivotal evidence on the efficacy and safety of Anyu Peibo Capsule in patients with major depressive disorder. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04210973. Registered on December 26, 2019. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04210973 Protocol version 1.2 from 29 August 2019.
Effects of Bushen-Jiangya granules on blood pressure and pharmacogenomic evaluation in low-to-medium risk hypertension: study protocol for a randomized double-blind controlled trial
Authors: Yang xiaochen , Xiong Xingjiang , Zhang Yun , Liu Yongmei , Li Hongzheng , Yao Kuiwu , Wang Jie
Published: April 2021

IntroductionHypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and its treatment and control rates are still low worldwide. The most effective strategy is that patients with hypertension should be diagnosed and treated early. Preliminary studies showed that the Bushen Jiangya granule (BSJY) may suppress ventricular hypertrophy and inflammatory responses, lower blood pressure and protect the target organs of hypertension. We designed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of BSJY in patients with low-to-medium risk hypertension.Methods and analysisThis trial is a one-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. A total of 260 participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to an experiment group (BSJY plus amlodipine) and a control group (placebo plus amlodipine). The trial cycle will last 8 weeks. The primary outcome is blood pressure, which is reduced to a threshold set out in Guiding Principles for Clinical Research of New Chinese Medicines. The secondary outcomes include the change in 24-h average systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate variability, pharmacogenomic Evaluation, improvement in TCM Syndrome, serum pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines, etc. between the two groups. Safety in medication will also be evaluated. All the data will be recorded in electronic case report forms and analyzed by SPSS V.22.0.Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by Research Ethics Committee of Guang’anmen Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences in Beijing, China (No. 2019-186-KY-01). The participants are volunteers, understand the process of this trial and sign an informed consent. The results of this study will be disseminated to the public through peer-reviewed journals and academic conferences. DiscussionWe hypothesize that patients with low-to-medium risk hypertension will benefit from BSJY. If successful, this study will provide evidence-based recommendations for clinicians.
Dynamic Changes in Lakes within the Selin Co Basin and Potential Drivers in Tibet
Authors: Liu Wenhui , Liu Hairui , Xie Changwei , Liu Guangyue , Wang Wu , Zhang Qi , Zhang Qinhao
Published: April 2021

Prevailing lake changes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) have occurred. Selin Co, a representative saline lake in the central region of the QTP, has experienced significant expansion, but the main cause for its dramatic expansion is still under debate. Based on Landsat images, meteorological data, and glacier and permafrost data, the dynamic changes in Selin Co and its surrounding small lakes were systematically discussed, and the driving factors behind these changes were further explored. The results suggest that from 1988–2017, the areas of Bange Co and Cuoe Lake showed slow, overall increasing trends at rates of 0.28 km2/yr and 0.11 km2/yr, respectively, and they exhibited upward trends before 2005 but downward trends afterward. The area of Selin Co substantially increased by 685.8 km2 with a growth rate of 30.39 km2/yr, with a slow increase of 27.11 km2 during the period from 1988–1997, a rapid increase of 510.53 km2 from 1997–2005 and an increase of 148.16 km2 from 2005–2017. Accordingly, the lake level and water volume of Bange Co slightly increased by 1.64 m and 0.088 km3, respectively, whereas those of Selin Co significantly rose by 8.138 m and 17.47 km3, respectively. The changes in the areas of Bange Co and Cuoe Lake were mostly related to annual precipitation (AP). Enhanced glacial meltwater owing to rising, with a rapid reduction of 165.1 km2 (39%) in the glacier area in the basin between 1980 and 2010, predominantly drove the dramatic expansion of Selin Co, followed by accelerated permafrost degradation, with significant increases in the active layer thickness (ALT) (7.44 cm/yr) and soil temperatures at a 15-m depth (0.0346°C/yr).
YLTZ in the treatment of primary hyperlipidemia (phlegm-turbid obstruction type): study protocol for randomized, double-blind, parallel dose control and multi-center phase II a dose exploration
Authors: Zeng Xiaohui , Zhuo Juncheng , Huang Xuejun , Gan Haining , Cai Dake , Huang Dane , Yao Nan , Li Leyi , Chen Yuxing , Sun Dongmei
Published: April 2021

Backgrounds: Yinlan Tiaozhi Capsule (YLTZ) is a prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based on clinical experience. YLTZ have been used for the treatment of primary hyperlipidemia (HLP) in China, performing the disorder of blood lipids level, but few clinical studies have been conducted to assess its efficacy and safety in the treatment of primary HLP. Here, we designed a clinical trial combining Western Chinese medicine and TCM evaluation systems to evaluate the efficacy and safety of primary HLP.Methods: The study is designed as a randomized, double-blind, parallel dose control and multi-center clinical trial. Eligible subjects (n=120) will be allocated after satisfying the criteria (western medicine). Subjects will be randomized to receive YLTZ, or a placebo for 12-week treatment and with follow-up after treatment to record symptoms and signs and to collect serum samples for detecting the lipids level. At the same time, the syndrome differentiation criteria of TCM, such as body mass index, furred tongue and palpitation, will be recorded as determined by doctors of both Western and Chinese medicine. Participants will be instructed to comply with the protocol and to keep a daily record of symptoms. The primary and secondary outcomes and safety indicators will be used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of YLTZ in the treatment of primary HLP based on both Western Chinese medicine and TCM evaluation systems.Discussion: Previous studies were expected to evaluate whether the addition of YLTZ to standard routine treatment would enhance the treatment effectiveness and improve the primary HLP. However, this trial is focused on the outcome of lipids level, and we chose a range of outcome measurements to assess the improvement of relevant symptoms and signs. This trial is the first study designed to define and optimize the outcome measurements of lipids level of YLTZ in the treatment of patients with primary HLP. Trial registration: The trial has also been registered with the Center for Drug Evaluation (CDE, CTR20190061) and the China Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR1900021326).
The SHINE Trial (A Multicentre, Randomised Trial of Stabilisation with Nasal High Flow During Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation): Statistical Analysis Plan
Authors: Hodgson Kate , Manley Brett , Kamlin Omar , Owen Louise , Roberts Calum , Francis Kate , Davis Peter , Donath Susan
Published: April 2021

Endotracheal intubation is an essential but potentially destabilising procedure for neonates. With an increased focus on avoiding mechanical ventilation, particularly in preterm infants, there are fewer opportunities for clinicians to gain proficiency in this important emergency skill. Rates of successful intubation at the first attempt are relatively low, and adverse event rates including desaturation and bradycardia are high, when compared with intubations in paediatric and adult populations. Interventions to improve operator success and patient stability during neonatal endotracheal intubations are needed. Using nasal high flow therapy during apnoea extends the safe apnoea time of adults undergoing upper airway surgery and during endotracheal intubation [1]. This technique is untested in neonates.
DISCO App: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial to Test the Effectiveness of a Patient Intervention to Reduce the Financial Burden of Cancer In a Diverse Patient Population
Authors: Hamel Lauren M. , Dougherty David W. , Kim Seongho , Heath Elisabeth I. , Mabunda Lorna , Tadesse Eyouab , Hill RaeAnn , Eggly Susan
Published: April 2021

Background: Financial toxicity, the material and psychological burden of the cost of treatment, affects 30-50% of people with cancer, even those with health insurance. The burden of treatment cost can affect treatment adherence and, ultimately, mortality. Financial toxicity is a health equity issue, disproportionately affecting patients who are racial/ethnic minorities, have lower incomes, and are <65 years old. Patient education about treatment cost and patient-oncologist cost discussions are recommended as ways to address financial toxicity; however, research shows cost discussions occur infrequently1-4. Our overall goal is to address the burden of financial toxicity and work toward health equity through a tailorable education and communication intervention, the DISCO App. The aim of this longitudinal randomized controlled trial is to test the effectiveness of the DISCO App on outcomes in a population of economically and racially/ethnically diverse cancer patients from all age groups. Methods: Patients diagnosed with breast, lung, colorectal or prostate cancer at a NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center in Detroit, Michigan will be randomized to intervention or usual care arms. Intervention patients will receive the DISCO App before the second interaction with their oncologist, and some patients will receive an intervention booster. The DISCO App, presented on an iPad, includes an educational video about treatment costs, ways to manage them, and the importance of discussing them with oncologists. Patients enter socio-demographic information (e.g., employment, insurance status, etc.) and indicate their financial concerns. They then receive a tailored list of questions to consider asking their oncologist. All patients will have up to two interactions with their oncologist video recorded and complete measures at baseline, after the recorded interactions, and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the second interaction. Outcome measures will assess discussions of cost, communication quality, knowledge of treatment costs, self-efficacy for treatment cost management, referrals for support, short- and longer-term financial toxicity, and treatment adherence. Discussion: If effective, this intervention will improve awareness of and discussions of treatment cost and alleviate the burden of financial toxicity. It may be especially helpful to groups disproportionately affected by financial toxicity, helping to achieve health equity. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov - NCT04766190. Registered February 23, 2021
Dispersion Characteristics of Electromagnetic Wave in Magnetized One Dimensional Ferrite Photonic Crystals with Mixed Field Configuration
Authors: SHARMA YOGESH , Prasad Surendra
Published: April 2021

The dispersion characteristics and phase index of electromagnetic waves in two types of magnetized one dimensional ferrite photonic crystals with mixed field configuration are studied for transverse magnetic mode. The dispersion equation and formula for phase index are derived using transfer matrix method. It is found that in type-1 & type-2 magnetized one dimensional ferrite photonic crystals, photonic band gaps (PBGs) show dependence on HOYIG and HONI respectively. The PBGs corresponding to thinner YIG layer are at higher frequency side at fixed. The variation of frequency-filling factor shows that PBGs occur in the form of lobe for both types. It is observed that the phase index is strongly influenced by external magnetic fields, and filling factor. It is demonstrated that PBGs in phase index occur in the form of lobes at fixed. Also, with decrease in the magnitude of phase index, number of lobe increases. The phase index, field and frequency plots show that there are multiple peaks in the PBGs of phase index in the lower frequency.
Ultra Steep Ge-source Dopingless Tunnelling Field Effect Transistor with Enhanced Drive Current
Authors: Priyadarshani Kumari Nibha , Singh Sangeeta , Singh Kunal
Published: April 2021

Ge-source dopingless tunnelling field effect transistor (Ge-source DLTFET) with the optimization of dielectric oxide thickness under the source and the gate contacts is proposed and investigated by calibrated 2D TCAD device simulation. As the structure is realized using dopingless technique, this enables lower thermal budget, higher immunity towards the random dopant fluctuations (RDFs) effects and velocity degradation effects. The optimization of dielectric thickness has been done to tune the carrier concentrations induced in source and channel regions in order to improve the device performance. The drive current is magnificently enhanced along with ION/IOFF ratio, peak transconductance and ultra-steep subthreshold slope (SS) is reported for the optimized Si-DLTFET. In addition to this by deploying Ge-source instead of Si source in optimized Si-DLTFET increases ON current slightly and OFF current gets reduced by the order of two as compared to the optimized Si-DLTFET. This improves the ION/IOFF ratio,the reported drive current for Ge-source DLTFET is 5.1×10− 4 A/µm, along with ION/IOFF ratio as 1.54×1013, peak transconductance as 1.26 mS/µm and ultra-steep SS as 1.69 mV/decade. Further, the analog, RF and linearity performance parameters have also been investigated for both the structures and demonstrated notable improvement. The energy efficiency investigationreveals a significant reduction in energy-delay product. This paper indicates thepotentials of optimized Si-DLTFET and Ge-source DLTFET as promising candidates for low power analog and RF applications and Ge-source DLTFET hasbetter device dc performance.
Effects of modifiers on soil enzyme activity and microbial community diversity in cadmium-contaminated farmland soil
Authors: Zhu Yongqi , Tian Tian , Wang Jingang , Song Jianghui , Shi Xiaoyan , Wang Haijiang , Lv Xin
Published: April 2021

Cadmium (Cd) contamination, with great toxicity, seriously threatens soil environment. In this study, the effects of biochar and biofertilizer used as modifiers on the biochemical properties, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity in Cd-contaminated soils (1, 2, and 4 mg·kg− 1) were investigated. The results showed that the soil C/N ratio and electrical conductance could be increased by biochar and biofertilizer (P < 0.05). The soil pH in the biochar and biofertilizer treatments increased by 0.99 and 0.95, respectively, and the soil available Cd concentration decreased by 60.24% and 74.34% (P < 0.05), respectively, compared with those in the control group. The increase of soil alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in the biochar treatment (P < 0.05), and the increases of the activities of soil invertase, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, and urease were observed in the biofertilizer treatment (P < 0.05). The relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Proteobacteria were increased and the soil microbial community structure was improved in the biochar and biofertilizer treatments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and structural equation model (SEM) showed that soil available Cd concentration had negative effects on soil pH, C/N ratio, urease and alkaline phosphatase activity, and relative abundances of Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria. The increase of soil urease activity was the main reason for the increase of soil microbial diversity. In summary, the applications of biochar and biofertilizer could decrease soil available Cd concentration, increase soil microbial community diversity, and reduce the damage of Cd stress.
Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the status of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents: a retrospective study in Chengdu, China
Authors: Li Min , Yang SuFei , Sun JinHua , Lin LiangKang , Huang Xin , Yang Fan
Published: April 2021

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents is steadily increasing and has become a public health concern. Lifestyle changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic may have an impact on the status of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the status of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the children and adolescents who visited the West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University from January 1st, 2018 to June 30st, 2020. We included obese children who met the criteria and divided them into 5 groups with 6 months as the unit according to the time of their visit. The national lockdown time was used as a segmentation point to study the changes of obesity status in the same children before and after lockdown. Results: A total of 140,526 children and adolescents visited the outpatient department from January 1st, 2018 to June 30st, 2020, and 1,740 of them were diagnosed as overweight or obese at the time of their first visit. The study found that there was a significant difference in the obesity rate among the groups (P < 0.01). However, there was no difference between January to June, 2020 and the previous period. Except for the increased incidence of VD deficiency (P < 0.01), the severity of obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia of obese children did not change before and after COVID-19 (P=0.303, 0.663, 0.106, respectively). A total of 65 obese children were followed up in the outpatient department before and after COVID-19 lockdown. There were no significant differences in BMI-SDS, HOMA-IR and 25(OH)VD among obese children before and after lockdown (p = 0.626, 0.386, 0.251, respectively). Conclusions: The available evidence cannot prove that the COVID-19 pandemic affects the status of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents who visited hospitals. It may be related to the multiple effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children.