bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Stalking: Examining Perceivers’ Country of Origin, Perpetrator-Target Prior Relationship, and the Mediating Effect of Victim Responsibility
Authors: Chung Kai Li , Sheridan Lorraine
Published: September 2021

Research in stalking perceptions has shown certain relational biases, in which people tend to view ex-partner stalkers to be less dangerous than stranger or acquaintance stalkers. These findings are in direct contrast to those of real-life cases whereby ex-partner stalkers pose a greater threat. In addition, although stalking is recognized as a global social problem, most studies have been based on samples drawn from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic countries. The current study examined whether the prior relationship between the stalking perpetrator and target influences people’s perceptions of stalking and whether cross-national differences exist between participants based in Malaysia (where there is currently no law that criminalizes stalking) and England (where stalking has been outlawed since 1997). In a 3 × 2 between-subjects design, 294 Malaysian participants and 170 English participants were presented with a vignette describing a stalking scenario in which the perpetrator was depicted as a stranger, acquaintance, or ex-partner. Participants judged the extent to which the perpetrator’s behavior constitutes stalking; necessitates police intervention; would cause the victim alarm or personal distress; would cause the victim to fear the use of violence; and can be attributed to encouragement on the part of the victim. Results showed that typical relational biases existed in both samples, but Malaysian participants were less likely than their English counterparts to label any harassing scenario as serious. Perceptions of victim responsibility were found to mediate the effect of prior relationship and nationality on participants’ perceptions. The findings point to the urgency of better cross-cultural understanding of harassment behavior as well as legislations against stalking.
High-risk human papillomavirus infection among women living with HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Caicedo-Martínez María , Fernández-Deaza Ginna , Ordóñez-Reyes Camila , Olejua Peter , Nuche-Berenguer Bernardo , Mello Maeve B , Murillo Raúl
Published: September 2021

We carried out a systematic review to summarize available data regarding prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) among women living with HIV (WLHIV) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). A literature search in PubMed and LILACS was conducted and supplemented with cross-referencing and grey literature. The primary outcome was prevalence of HR-HPV by age as a major determinant of HPV infection. Pooled prevalence and weighted averages were obtained. A random effects meta-analysis conducted for HPV- and HIV-associated factors. In total, 6157 women from 19 cross-sectional studies were included. Weighted prevalence of HR-HPV in WLHIV was 51.0% (95% CI 42.8–59.1, I2 = 97.4%) with a bimodal trend by age. No association between antiretroviral therapy and HR-HPV prevalence was observed, but low CD4 cell count was associated (PR 1.64, 95% CI 1.07–2.52). Although not significant, a higher HR-HPV prevalence was observed with Hybrid Capture 2 versus PCR. The high prevalence of HR-HPV among WLHIV in LAC underlines the need for improved cervical cancer prevention and early detection in this vulnerable population. Moreover, the high prevalence across age groups, and particularly in young women, deserves careful consideration for defining target populations of HPV-based screening and HPV immunization programs.
Three Perceptual Tools for Seeing and Understanding Visualized Data
Authors: Franconeri Steven L.
Published: September 2021

The visual system evolved and develops to process the scenes, faces, and objects of the natural world, but people adapt this powerful system to process data within an artificial world of visualizations. To extract patterns in data from these artificial displays, viewers appear to use at least three perceptual tools, including a tool that extracts global statistics, one that extracts shapes within the data, and one that produces sentence-like comparisons. A better understanding of the power, limits, and deployment of these tools would lead to better guidelines for designing effective data displays.
Ethical challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives of nursing students
Authors: Palacios-Ceña Domingo , Velarde-García Juan Francisco , Espejo Marta Mas , González-Hervías Raquel , Álvarez-Embarba Beatriz , Rodríguez-García Marta , Oliva-Fernández Oscar , González-Sanz Pilar , Moro-López-Menchero Paloma , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Cachón-Pérez Jose Miguel
Published: September 2021

Background:

The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a shortage of qualified nurses in Spain. As a result, the government authorized the hiring of senior students.

Objectives:

To explore the ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts experienced by final-year nursing students who worked during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.

Research design:

A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were carried out using a question guide. Interviews took place via a private video chat room platform. A thematic, inductive analysis was performed of the information gathered.

Participants and research context:

Eighteen nursing students were recruited from two universities of Madrid, aged between 18 and 65 years old, enrolled in the fourth year of nursing studies and who were hired under a relief contract for health professionals during the pandemic.

Ethical considerations:

The present study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos.

Results:

Three specific themes emerged: (a) coping with patient triage, (b) difficulties in providing end-of-life care, and (c) coping with patient death. Nursing students participated in the process of patient selection for resource allocation and ICU bed occupancy. They were shown how to care for patients who were not admitted to the ICU, in their last moments and were faced with the difficulties of applying end-of-life care. Finally, the nursing students were confronted with the death of their patients, in overwhelming numbers and under adverse conditions.

Conclusions:

These findings can help shed light on the ethical dilemmas and ethical conflicts faced by novice nursing students, incorporated into the workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, it was described that students may normalize the death due to the exhaustion and overwhelmed routine.
Do Entrepreneurial Activities Decrease Income Inequality and Boost Human Development? Evidence from BRICS Economies
Authors: Rani Ritu , Kumar Naresh
Published: September 2021

This article investigates the relationship between entrepreneurial activities, income inequality and human development in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) nations. The study uses a 12-year time series data (2004–2015) for five BRICS countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The secondary data are collected from Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute (GEDI), Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), World Bank indicators and World Inequality Database. Fixed effect and random effect approach are used to develop a model for investigating the association among entrepreneurial activities, income inequality and human development. The study found that entrepreneurial activities will not only increase the share of the top 1% earners but also increase the share of bottom 50% earners in BRICS countries. Thus, the difference between richest and poorest will remain constant, and entrepreneurial activities have neutral impact on income inequality. The other important finding of the study is that entrepreneurial activities have a positive impact on human development in BRICS nations. Hence, personal gains linked with enhanced entrepreneurial activities accrue to both top 1% and bottom 50% earners. Thus, entrepreneurship will increase the share of the richest and poorest in national income and the poorest can also enjoy the benefits of economic growth, which results in more human development in the societies of BRICS nations. The study recommends to policymakers of BRICS nations that they should focus on creation of entrepreneurial ecosystem in BRICS countries, which further enhances the human development in these economies. In addition, the study more precisely recommends that welfare of the society could be improved with the help of entrepreneurial activities. The study analyses the characteristics, motivations and ambitions of individual starting businesses in BRICS countries.
Exploring and reorienting psychiatrists’ attitudes regarding smoking cessation and its potential to improve mental health outcomes: a pilot study
Authors: Short Brooke , Giles Luke , Karageorge Aspasia , Bauer Lyndon
Published: September 2021

Objective:

The aims of this study were to explore the knowledge, attitudes, confidence and practices of Australian psychiatrists and psychiatry registrars with regard to smoking cessation with their patients and to promote clinical practice reflection and re-framing.

Methods:

A mixed-methods questionnaire was developed. Interviews were conducted via telephone or face-to-face utilising participatory action research principles. Qualitative data were de-identified and analysed following a reflexive thematic approach.

Results:

The questionnaire was completed with 15 participants. The majority worked in the public health sector and agreed that smoking cessation could be used as a clinical tool across mental health services. However, nearly all of the participants reported being unfamiliar with the latest literature. Only one-third of participants reported having had received formal training in smoking cessation. Overwhelmingly, more training was reported as necessary and welcomed by participants.

Conclusion:

Our study has identified gaps in psychiatrists’ and psychiatry registrars’ knowledge and confidence regarding the promotion, initiation and oversight of smoking cessation strategies for patients. It’s important that psychiatrists lead the way in re-framing and engaging with this issue, and consider smoking cessation as a tool that can improve mental health outcomes. A review of existing Australian policies, guidelines and training is recommended.
Facilitating and Assessing Academic Writing to Graduate Students in a Pilot English for Academic Purposes Course: An Activity Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Wang Jianli , Qin Limin Tony
Published: September 2021

This paper reports on a pilot course responding to facilitating academic writing for an academic writing program implemented at a provincial key university in China. Taken from an activity theoretical perspective, it discusses the practical experience collected during a pilot process of designing, implementing, and assessing a genre-based approach to facilitating graduate students’ academic writing and assessing their academic writing competence. It argues that it is essential to take varied student interests into account in the structuring, delivery, and assessment to ensure academic success and that EAP programs are fruitful places for nurturing academic writing.
Renal Oncocytoma With Both Lymphovascular Invasion and Prominent Intracytoplasmic Vacuole-Like Spaces: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Luo Xunda , Preciado Christopher , Nayak Anupma , Schwartz Lauren E. , Guzzo Thomas J. , Williamson Sean R. , Palmer Matthew B. , Lal Priti
Published: September 2021

Here we report a case of renal oncocytoma in a 68 year-old male. The diagnosis was initially made on a needle biopsy 6 years prior to the partial nephrectomy. The case is unique that in addition to the gross and microscopic features commonly seen in renal oncocytomas, both lymphovascular invasion and prominent intracytoplasmic vacuole-like spaces are also present in this tumor. Although vascular invasion is increasingly recognized as compatible with renal oncocytoma, intracytoplasmic vacuoles are a rare and unusual finding that may lead to diagnostic difficulty. The diagnosis of renal oncocytoma was confirmed after immunohistochemistry was performed to argue against succinate dehydrogenase deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and chromophobe RCC. This case highlights the importance for practicing pathologists to recognize the rare co-occurrence of lymphovascular invasion and large intracytoplasmic vacuole-like spaces in renal oncocytoma. Other differential diagnoses may include emerging renal tumor entities, such as the recently-proposed eosinophilic vacuolated tumor.
Involvement of parents of children with ADHD in schools: Implications for social work practice
Authors: Yuen-han MO Kitty , Tak-Mau CHAN Simon
Published: September 2021

School social workers and school counselors play an important role in providing support to the parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Issues regarding the barriers to parental involvement have not been well-explored empirically in social work. By means of semistructured interviews, this study explored the perspectives of 20 Mainland Chinese parents about parental involvement in their children’s education and in schools, parent–teacher relationships, the social factors that affect individual families, and the cultural and contextual factors that hinder parental involvement in children’s education.

Findings

Using thematic analysis, the researchers identified major themes: (a) emotional overinvolvement of parents in children’s education; (b) withdrawal of fathers; (c) positive and negative teacher–parent relationships; (d) contextual factors: school culture, system, and policies; and (e) parents’ preferred sources of support.

Applications

This research provides insight for school social workers and school counselors to develop supportive measures for parents of children with ADHD. Furthermore, it is recommended that social workers mediate tensions that arise from conflicts between teachers and parents. Social workers need to be sensitive to the power and cultural issues embedded in a parent–teacher relationship to facilitate parental involvement in school mental health services for children with ADHD. In particular, the cultural beliefs that affect parents and teachers relationships should not be ignored.
Micro-domination
Authors: Lazar Orlando
Published: September 2021

This article analyses the phenomenon of ‘micro-domination’, in which a series of dominated choices are individually inconsequential for a person’s freedom but collectively consequential. Where the choices concerned are objectively inconsequential, micro-domination poses a problem for ‘objective threshold’ accounts of domination which either prioritise particularly bad forms of domination or exclude powers that do not risk causing serious harm to their victims. Where the choices concerned are subjectively inconsequential to the victim, micro-domination poses a problem for the common republican strategy of creating arenas of contestation for victims of domination, which rely on victims objecting strongly enough to a dominating relationship to sound the alarm. This kind of invigilation may systematically fail victims of micro-domination. Throughout the article, I suggest some ways of better accounting for and responding to cases of micro-domination.
SNU-333 Cells as an Appropriate Cell Line for the Orthotopic Renal Cell Carcinoma Model
Authors: Chang Inyoub , Ohn Takbum , Moon Daeun , Maeng Young Hee , Jang Bo Gun , Yoon Sang-Pil
Published: September 2021

Objective: To investigate a feasible candidate for an appropriate cell line for the orthotopic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) model. Methods: Normal human proximal tubule cells (HK-2) and RCC cells were used for MTT assay, Western blotting, sphere-forming assay, and orthotopic injection of BALB/c-nude mice. Immunohistochemistry was adopted in tissue arrays and orthotopic tumors. Results: Primary RCC cells showed resistance to a GPX4 inhibitor compared to HK-2 and to metastatic RCC cells, Caki-1. Caki-2 and SNU-333 cells showed resistance to ferroptosis via increased GPX4 and FTH1, respectively. RCC cells showed increased αSMA, in which Caki-2 and SNU-333 cells exhibited different epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell markers. Caki-1 and SNU-333 cells formed spheres in vitro and orthotopic tumor masses in vivo. The injected SNU-333 tumor only showed high intensities of CD10 and PAX8, markers of renal origin. Conclusion: SNU-333 cell line exhibited resistance via iron metabolism and stemness, and had tumor-initiating capacities in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that among the cells tested, SNU-333 cells were the most promising for the establishment of an orthotopic RCC model for further researches.
Activity-based routing algorithm in opportunistic mobile social networks
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Liu Houzhong , Chen Caisen , Shi Zhaojun , Song William Wei
Published: September 2021

In opportunistic mobile social networks, nodes are clustered according to their interests or hobbies and take part in different activities regularly. We delve into the temporal and spatial mobility characteristics of network nodes and put forward an activity-based message opportunistic forwarding algorithm. The main idea of the algorithm is that we choose different message forwarding methods according to the situation of nodes participating in activities. If the source node and the destination node are both attend in the same activities, we select the best relay node which has the biggest delivery probability. While the source node and the destination node are not in the same activities at the same time, we need to find the optimal path which owns highest indirect delivery probability, and messages will be transmitted through the optimal path. The simulation results show that the proposed routing algorithm can not only improve the successful delivery ratio of messages but also reduce the network delay and the network overhead obviously, in comparison with the classical opportunistic routing algorithms, such as community-aware message opportunistic transmission algorithm, community-based message transmission scheme algorithm, PRoPHET, Epidemic algorithm, and interest characteristic probability prediction algorithm.
A sensor fusion based approach for bearing fault diagnosis of rotating machine
Authors: Mian Tauheed , Choudhary Anurag , Fatima Shahab
Published: September 2021

Fault diagnosis in rotating machines plays a vital role in various industries. Bearing is the essential element of rotating machines, and early fault detection can reduce the maintenance cost and enhance machine availability. In complex industrial machinery, a single sensor has a limitation to capture complete information about fault conditions. Hence, there is a need to involve multiple sensors to diagnose all possible fault conditions effectively. In such situations, an efficient fusion of information is required to develop a reliable fault diagnosis system. In this work, a feature fusion approach is implemented using two different sensors, that is, a contact type vibration sensor and a non-invasive thermal imaging camera. Hilbert transform is applied to decompose raw vibration and thermal image data, and subsequently, features are extracted and fused into a single feature vector. However, the features are fused in a concatenation manner, but this stage has high dimensionality. Neighborhood component analysis (NCA) is applied to reduce this high dimensionality of the feature vector, followed by a relief algorithm (RA) to compute the relevance level to find the optimal features. Finally, these optimal features are used as an input feature vector to the support vector machine (SVM) to classify the faults. The proposed approach resulted in considerably improved classification accuracy and detection quality than individual sensors. Also, the relevance of the proposed approach is proved by comparing its performance with other prevalent feature fusion techniques.
Failure Leads Protest Movements to Support More Radical Tactics
Authors: Louis Winnifred R. , Lizzio-Wilson Morgana , Cibich Mikaela , McGarty Craig , Thomas Emma F. , Amiot Catherine E. , Weber Nathan , Rhee Joshua , Davies Grace , Rach Timothy , Goh Syasya , McMaster Zoe , Muldoon Orla , Howe Naoimh , Moghaddam Fathali
Published: September 2021

Most social movements will encounter setbacks in their pursuit of sociopolitical change. However, little is known about how movements are affected after protestors fail to achieve their aims. What are the effects of failure on subsequent engagement in various conventional and radical actions? Does failure promote divergent reactions among protestors and/or dissatisfaction with democracy? A meta-analysis of nine experiments ( N = 1,663) assessed the effects of one-off failure on protestors’ reactions, subsequent tactical choices, and support for democracy; and iterative stochastic simulations modeled the effects of failure over multiple protests over time. Results indicated that initial failure gives rise to divergent, somewhat contradictory responses among protestors and that these responses are further influenced by the repeated failure (vs. success) over time. Further, the simulations identified “tipping points” in these responses that promote radicalization and undermine support for democracy.
Decreasing incidence of complex regional pain syndrome in the Netherlands: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Groenveld Tjitske D , Boersma Emily Z , Blokhuis Taco J , Bloemers Frank W , Frölke Jan Paul M
Published: September 2021

Background:

Complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS) is a symptom-based diagnosis of which the reported incidence varies widely. In daily practice, there appears to be a decrease in incidence of CRPS after a distal radius fracture and in general.

Questions/purposes:

The aim of this study was to assess the trend in the incidence of CRPS after a distal radius fracture and in general in the Netherlands from 2014 to 2018.

Methods:

The incidence of CRPS after a distal radius fracture was calculated by dividing the number of confirmed cases of CRPS after distal radius fracture by the total number of patients diagnosed with a distal radius fracture. Medical records of these patients were reviewed. Hospital-based data were used to establish a trend in incidence of CRPS in general. A Dutch national database was used to measure the trend in the incidence of CRPS in the Netherlands by calculating annual incidence rates: the number of new CRPS cases, collected from the national database, divided by the Dutch mid-year population.

Results:

The incidence of CRPS after distal radius fracture over the whole study period was 0.36%. Hospital data showed an absolute decrease in CRPS cases from 520 in 2014 to 223 in 2018. National data confirmed this with a decrease in annual incidence from 23.2 (95% CI: 22.5–23.9) per 100,000 person years in 2014 to 16.1 (95% CI: 15.5–16.7) per 100,000 person years in 2018.

Conclusion:

A decreasing trend of CRPS is shown in this study. We hypothesize this to be the result of the changing approach towards CRPS and fracture management, with more focus on prevention and the psychological aspects of disproportionate posttraumatic pain.

Level of Evidence:

level 3 (retrospective cohort study).
Bejalai in Iban: A Study on Translating Motion Verbs in Bup Kudus Baru
Authors: See Daniel
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the use of the Talmy-Slobin typology of semantic components of motion verbs as applied to Bible translation. Using the Bup Kudus Baru, a new Iban translation, in comparison with a framework formed by the Hebrew original, NRSV representing English translation, and occasionally a Chinese translation, the author demonstrates the key features of verb-framed, satellite-framed, and equipollently-framed languages. The analysis of two Hebrew motion verbs, yāșā’ (path verb) and hālak (manner verb), and their respective Iban translations in Bup Kudus Baru, shows that the Iban language, much like Malay and Urak Lawoi’ from the same language family, is of path-salient nature in principle, but at the same time displays the use of serial verb constructs, a feature of equipollently-framed languages when manner verbs are required. The author concludes with some suggestions of ways to apply the Talmy-Slobin model in Bible translation, from the point of view of translators, translation officers, and their institutions.
Predictors of Prolonged Opioid Use After Lumbar Fusion and the Effects of Opioid Use on Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
Authors: Canseco Jose A , Chang Michael , Karamian Brian A , Mao Jennifer Z , Reyes Ariana A , Mangan John , Divi Srikanth N , Goyal Dhruv KC , Salmons Harold I , Dohse Nicolas , Levy Noah , Detweiler Maxwell , Anderson D Greg , Rihn Jeffrey A , Kurd Mark F , Hilibrand Alan S , Kepler Christopher K , Vaccaro Alexander R , Schroeder Gregory D
Published: September 2021

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Objective

To determine risk factors associated with prolonged opioid use after lumbar fusion and to elucidate the effect of opioid use on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after surgery.

Methods

Patients who underwent 1–3 level lumbar decompression and fusion with at least one-year follow-up were identified. Opioid data were collected through the Pennsylvania Prescription Drug Monitoring Program. Preoperative “chronic use” was defined as consumption of >90 days in the one-year before surgery. Postoperative “prolonged use” was defined as a filled prescription 90-days after surgery. PROMs included the following: Short Form-12 Health Survey PCS-12 and MCS-12, ODI, and VAS-Back and Leg scores. Logistic regression was performed to determine independent predictors for prolonged opioid use.

Results

The final analysis included 260 patients. BMI >35 (OR: .44 [.20, .90], P = .03) and current smoking status (OR: 2.73 [1.14, 6.96], P = .03) significantly predicted postoperative opioid usage. Chronic opioid use before surgery was associated with greater improvements in MCS-12 (β= 5.26 [1.01, 9.56], P = .02). Patients with prolonged opioid use self-reported worse VAS-Back (3.4 vs 2.1, P = .003) and VAS-Leg (2.6 vs 1.2, P = .03) scores after surgery. Prolonged opioid use was associated with decreased improvement in VAS-Leg over time (β = .14 [.15, 1.85], P = .02).

Conclusions

Current smoking status and lower BMI were significantly predictive of prolonged opioid use. Excess opioid use before and after surgery significantly affected PROMs after lumbar fusion.
The Pivotal Role of Effective Communication in Patient Care: A Case of Coronary Stent Thrombosis
Authors: Asamoah Kofi T
Published: September 2021

Myocardial infarction is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, resulting in millions of percutaneous coronary interventions being performed yearly. Coronary artery stents are, however, at risk of thrombosis, with a significant mortality rate. Stent thrombosis is, however, preventable using dual antiplatelets, barring other procedural or unique personal predisposing characteristics. Good communication with patients is indispensable in ensuring adherence to dual antiplatelet therapy, protecting the patient from stent thrombosis. This paper presents a patient who discontinued his dual antiplatelet therapy prematurely and developed stent thrombosis within a week after discharge, highlighting the importance of good communication in promoting adherence to an agreed management plan.
Redundant mechanisms driven independently by RUNX1 and GATA2 for hematopoietic development
Authors: Bresciani Erica , Carrington Blake , Yu Kai , Kim Erika M. , Zhen Tao , Guzman Victoria Sanchez , Broadbridge Elizabeth , Bishop Kevin , Kirby Martha , Harper Ursula , Wincovitch Stephen , Dell’Orso Stefania , Sartorelli Vittorio , Sood Raman , Liu Paul
Published: September 2021

RUNX1 is essential for the generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Runx1-null mouse embryos lack definitive hematopoiesis and die in mid-gestation. However, although zebrafish embryos with a runx1 W84X mutation have defects in early definitive hematopoiesis, some runx1W84X/W84X embryos can develop to fertile adults with blood cells of multilineages, raising the possibility that HSCs can emerge without RUNX1. Here, using 3 new zebrafish runx1−/− lines, we uncovered the compensatory mechanism for runx1-independent hematopoiesis. We show that, in the absence of a functional runx1, a cd41-green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ population of hematopoietic precursors still emerge from the hemogenic endothelium and can colonize the hematopoietic tissues of the mutant embryos. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the cd41-GFP+ cells identified a set of runx1−/−-specific signature genes during hematopoiesis. Significantly, gata2b, which normally acts upstream of runx1 for the generation of HSCs, was increased in the cd41-GFP+ cells in runx1−/− embryos. Interestingly, genetic inactivation of both gata2b and its paralog gata2a did not affect hematopoiesis. However, knocking out runx1 and any 3 of the 4 alleles of gata2a and gata2b abolished definitive hematopoiesis. Gata2 expression was also upregulated in hematopoietic cells in Runx1−/− mice, suggesting the compensatory mechanism is conserved. Our findings indicate that RUNX1 and GATA2 serve redundant roles for HSC production, acting as each other’s safeguard.
Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms in 109 Patients Following Radiation Monotherapy
Authors: Patel Anand Ashwin , Rojek Alexandra E , Drazer Michael William , Weiner Howard , Godley Lucy Ann , Le Beau Michelle M. , Larson Richard A.
Published: September 2021

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs) are a late complication of cytotoxic therapy and are defined as a distinct entity by the World Health Organization. While the link between chemotherapy exposure and risk of subsequent t-MN is well-described, the association between radiation monotherapy (RT) and t-MN risk is less definitive. We analyzed 109 consecutive patients who developed t-MNs after RT and describe latencies, cytogenetic profile, mutation analyses, and clinical outcomes. The most common cytogenetic abnormality was a clonal abnormality in chromosome 5 and/or 7, which was present in 45% of patients. The median latency from RT to t-MN diagnosis was 6.5 years, with the shortest latency in patients with balanced translocations. 1-year overall survival (OS) was 52% and 5-year OS was 22% for the entire cohort. Patients with chromosome 5 and/or 7 abnormalities experienced worse 1-year OS (37%) and 5-year OS (2%) when compared to other cytogenetic groups (p<0.0001). 16 patients underwent NGS; ASXL1 and TET2 were the most commonly mutated genes (n=4). In addition, 17 patients underwent germline variant testing and 3 carried pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variants. In conclusion, patients with t-MN after RT monotherapy have increased frequencies of chromosome 5 and/or 7 abnormalities, which are associated with poor overall survival. In addition, pathogenic germline variants may be common in patients with t-MN after RT monotherapy.
“She knows me best”: a qualitative study of patient and caregiver views on the role of the primary care physician follow-up post-hospital discharge in individuals admitted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or congestive heart failure
Authors: Griffiths Sarah , Stephen Gaibrie , Kiran Tara , Okrainec Karen
Published: September 2021

Background

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and congestive heart failure (CHF) are at high-risk of readmission after hospital discharge. There is conflicting evidence however on whether timely follow-up with a primary care provider reduces that risk. The objective of this study is to understand the perspectives of patients with COPD and CHF, and their caregivers, on the role of primary care provider follow-up after hospital discharge.

Methods

A qualitative study design with semi-structured interviews was conducted among patients or their family caregivers admitted with COPD or CHF who were enrolled in a randomized controlled study at three acute care hospitals in Ontario, Canada. Participants were interviewed between December 2017 to January 2019, the majority discharged from hospital at least 30 days prior to their interview. Interviews were analyzed independently by three authors using a deductive directed content analysis, with the fourth author cross-comparing themes.

Results

Interviews with 16 participants (eight patients and eight caregivers) revealed four main themes. First, participants valued visiting their primary care provider after discharge to build upon their longitudinal relationship. Second, primary care providers played a key role in coordinating care. Third, there were mixed views on the ideal time for follow-up, with many participants expressing a desire to delay follow-up to stabilize following their acute hospitalization. Fourth, the link between the post-discharge visit and preventing hospital readmissions was unclear to participants, who often self-triaged based on their symptoms when deciding on the need for emergency care.

Conclusions

Patients and caregivers valued in-person follow-up with their primary care provider following discharge from hospital because of the trust established through pre-existing longitudinal relationships. Our results suggest policy makers should focus on improving rates of primary care provider attachment and systems supporting informational continuity.
Sex differences in the association between green tea consumption and hypertension in elderly Chinese adults
Authors: Peng Xiaodong , Zhang Mengxia , Wang Xuesi , Wu Kui , Li Yukun , Li Linling , Yang Jiaxue , Ruan Yanfei , Bai Rong , Ma Changsheng , Liu Nian
Published: September 2021

Background

Green tea has been one of the most popular beverages in China since ancient times. Mixed results concerning the effect of green tea consumption on the incidence of hypertension have been published over the past decades. However, no previous studies have focused on longevous individuals in China and the sex differences in the association between habitual green tea intake and hypertension.

Methods

The data extracted from the database of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2018 were used for a secondary analysis. Logistic regression models were employed to examine the odds ratio (OR) of daily green tea consumption on the incidence of hypertension by sex.

Results

A total of 9277 individuals were included in the analysis (39.8% were men). The included individuals had a mean age of 80.9 and 84.8 years for those who drank green tea daily and those who had never, respectively (p <  0.001). The incidence of hypertension varied at baseline according to green tea drinking habit and sex. For women who had a habitual green tea intake or had never drunk green tea, the incidence of hypertension was 47.3 and 43.9%, respectively (p = 0.241), whereas it was 51.6 and 39.7% for men (p <  0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, a 38% increase in the risk of hypertension was observed in men who consumed green tea daily (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.15–1.67; p <  0.001).

Conclusions

Chinese longevous men had a 38% higher risk of developing hypertension when drinking green tea daily. However, no effect of green tea consumption on the incidence of hypertension in women was found. More attention should be paid to the lifestyle of longevous individuals for health promotion, and a sex-specific approach to deliver care for very elderly people is warranted.
Physical frailty and cognitive impairment in older nursing home residents: a latent class analysis
Authors: Yuan Yiyang , Lapane Kate L. , Tjia Jennifer , Baek Jonggyu , Liu Shao-Hsien , Ulbricht Christine M.
Published: September 2021

Background

Little is known about the heterogeneous clinical profile of physical frailty and its association with cognitive impairment in older U.S. nursing home (NH) residents.

Methods

Minimum Data Set 3.0 at admission was used to identify older adults newly-admitted to nursing homes with life expectancy ≥6 months and length of stay ≥100 days (n = 871,801). Latent class analysis was used to identify physical frailty subgroups, using FRAIL-NH items as indicators. The association between the identified physical frailty subgroups and cognitive impairment (measured by Brief Interview for Mental Status/Cognitive Performance Scale: none/mild; moderate; severe), adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, was estimated by multinomial logistic regression and presented in adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

In older nursing home residents at admission, three physical frailty subgroups were identified: “mild physical frailty” (prevalence: 7.6%), “moderate physical frailty” (44.5%) and “severe physical frailty” (47.9%). Those in “moderate physical frailty” or “severe physical frailty” had high probabilities of needing assistance in transferring between locations and inability to walk in a room. Residents in “severe physical frailty” also had greater probability of bowel incontinence. Compared to those with none/mild cognitive impairment, older residents with moderate or severe impairment had slightly higher odds of belonging to “moderate physical frailty” [aOR (95%CI)moderate cognitive impairment: 1.01 (0.99–1.03); aOR (95%CI)severe cognitive impairment: 1.03 (1.01–1.05)] and much higher odds to the “severe physical frailty” subgroup [aOR (95%CI)moderate cognitive impairment: 2.41 (2.35–2.47); aOR (95%CI)severe cognitive impairment: 5.74 (5.58–5.90)].

Conclusions

Findings indicate the heterogeneous presentations of physical frailty in older nursing home residents and additional evidence on the interrelationship between physical frailty and cognitive impairment.
Efficacy of tripterygium glycosides for diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Guo Hua-Bin , Peng Jia-Qing , Xuan Wang  , Zhang Ke-Kai , Zhong Guang-Zhi , Chen Wei-Hong , Shi Gui-Xin
Published: September 2021

Backgrounds

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most important clinical complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. Currently, there is no highly effective medicine that can prevent, halt, or reverse the progressive course of DN. Initial clinical data showed that Tripterygium glycosides (TGs), a traditional Chinese medicine, can decrease proteinuria in patients with DN.

Objectives

The objective of the present study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of TGs for the treatment of DN through meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods

All RCTs of TGs for DN were collected from The China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) by setting the study inclusion and elimination standards. Two reviewers evaluated the quality of the trials and extracted the data independently. RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analyses. The primary outcome was a change in 24-hours urinary total protein (24 h TUP).

Results

26 RCTs with 1824 participants were identified. Studies were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The overall effects showed that TGs was compared with the controls, TGs showed significant effects in reducing 24 h TUP [WMD = -0.84, 95 % CI (-1.09, -0.59)], elevating serum albumin [WMD = 2.88, 95 % CI (1.87, 3.90)], and the total efficiency [OR = 4.08, 95 % CI (2.37, 7.04)]. This effect was consistent across the subgroups of period of intervention.

Conclusions

The present research showed that TGs was significantly associated with improvement of renal function in patients with DN. TGs offers a novel approach to the treatment of DN, more high-quality RCTs are needed for a better understanding of the role of TGs in DN therapy.
Association study of relationships of polymorphisms in the miR-21, miR-26b, miR-221/222 and miR-126 genes with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer
Authors: Yang Jia , Yan Zhiling , Wang Yingying , Xu Jinmei , Li Rui , Li Chuanyin , Liu Shuyuan , Shi Li , Yao Yufeng
Published: September 2021

Background

miR-21, miR-26b, miR-221/222 and miR-126 play crucial roles in cervical cancer development. Studies have shown that polymorphisms in miRNA genes can affect miRNA expression, which might be associated with cancer development.

Methods

Ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the miR-21, miR-26b, miR-221/222 and miR-126 genes (rs1292037, rs13137 in miR-21; rs2227255, rs2227258 in miR-26b; rs2858061, rs34678647, rs2858060, rs2745709 in miR-221/222; rs2297537, rs2297538 in miR-126) were selected, and genotyped in a total of 2176 individuals, including 435 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), 743 patients with cervical cancer (CC) and 998 healthy persons using TaqMan assays, and their associations with CIN and CC were evaluated.

Results

Our results showed significant differences for the rs2297538 genotypes between the CIN and CC groups (P = 0.001). In addition, our results also showed significant differences for the rs2297537 alleles between the CIN and CC groups (P = 0.003), and the C allele of rs2297537 might be associated with a decreased risk of CC (OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.58–0.90). At the inheritance analysis, between the CIN and control groups, the T/T-T/C genotype in rs1292037 and A/A-A/T genotype in rs13137 might be associated with an increased risk of CIN in the recessive model (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.17–2.20 and OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.15–2.15). In addition, the C/C-T/T genotype of rs2745709 might be associated with a decreased risk of CIN in the overdominant model (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.52–0.82). Between, CIN and CC group, the T/T-C/C genotype in rs1292037 and A/A-T/T genotype in rs13137 might be associated with an increased risk of CC in the overdominant model (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.12–1.81 and OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.12–1.80). The rs2297538 G/G-A/G genotype might be associated with an increased risk of CC in the recessive model (OR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.52–5.25). The rs2297537 2C/C + C/G genotype might be associated with a decreased risk of CC (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57–0.89) in the log-additive model. The rs2745709 T/T-C/C genotype might be associated with an increased risk of CC (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.13–1.83) in the overdominant model.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that rs2297538 and rs2297537 in miR-126, rs1292037 and rs13137 in miR-21, and rs2745709 in miR-221/222, may have important roles in the development of CIN or CC.
Determining the information needs of contact lens wearers for better education and more support: a qualitative study
Authors: Falahati-Marvast Fatemeh , Alipour Fateme , Farokhzadian Jamileh , Ahmadian Leila
Published: September 2021

Background

Designing educational interventions tailored to the needs of Contact Lens Wearers (CLWs) are important and necessary. The present study aimed to determine the information needs of CLWs to educate and provide information to them to increase their knowledge and reduce complications and non-compliance behaviors.

Methods

A qualitative approach was applied and semi-structured interviews were conducted in three contact lenses (CL) clinics in Iran among all their practitioners and 24 purposively selected patients. Data were analyzed using the Lundman and Graneheim conventional content analysis.

Results

The qualitative analysis revealed knowledge and skill themes as two main categories. The knowledge category includes five subcategories of basic information for the CLWs, acquaintance with the CL, caring for CL, hygiene and vigilance of CL, and challenges of using CL. The skill category consists of two subcategories, including handling/insertion and removal of the CL, and stabilization of learned information. Moreover, 36 sub-subcategories emerged from these seven subcategories that reflected the information needs of CLWs.

Conclusions

A clear understanding of CLWs’ information needs can help to design and develop appropriate educational approaches to overcome training barriers such as physicians’ time constraints and high workload. Moreover, it can help deal with CLWs’ insufficient knowledge and provide the required information simply and practically with the possibility of enough repetition.
Somatic health care professionals’ stigmatization of patients with mental disorder: a scoping review
Authors: Sølvhøj Ida Nielsen , Kusier Amalie Oxholm , Pedersen Pia Vivian , Nielsen Maj Britt Dahl
Published: September 2021

Background

Patients with mental disorders have an increased risk of developing somatic disorders, just as they have a higher risk of dying from them. These patients often report feeling devaluated and rejected by health professionals in the somatic health care system, and increasing evidence shows that disparities in health care provision contribute to poor health outcomes. The aim of this review was to map and synthesize literature on somatic health professionals’ stigmatization toward patients with mental disorders.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and carried out a systematic search in three databases: Cinahl, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO in May–June 2019. Peer-reviewed articles published in English or Scandinavian languages during 2008–2019 were reviewed according to title, abstract and full-text reading. We organized and analyzed data using NVivo.

Results

A total of 137 articles meeting the eligibility criteria were reviewed and categorized as observational studies (n = 73) and intervention studies (n = 64). A majority of studies (N = 85) focused on patients with an unspecified number of mental disorders, while 52 studies focused on specific diagnoses, primarily schizophrenia (n = 13), self-harm (n = 13), and eating disorders (n = 9). Half of the studies focused on health students (n = 64), primarily nursing students (n = 26) and medical students (n = 25), while (n = 66) focused on health care professionals, primarily emergency staff (n = 16) and general practitioners (n = 13). Additionally, seven studies focused on both health professionals and students. A detailed characterization of the identified intervention studies was conducted, resulting in eight main types of interventions.

Conclusions

The large number of studies identified in this review suggests that stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors toward patients with mental disorders is a worldwide challenge within a somatic health care setting. For more targeted interventions, there is a need for further research on underexposed mental diagnoses and knowledge on whether specific health professionals have a more stigmatizing attitude or behavior toward specific mental disorders.