bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an Automatic Airflow Control System for Precision Sprayers Based on Tree Canopy Density
Authors: Mahmud Md Sultan , Zahid Azlan , He Long , Zhu Heping , Choi Daeun , Krawczyk Grzegorz , Heinemann Paul
Published: October 2022

Highlights

A LiDAR-guided automatic airflow control system for precision sprayers was developed.

Three models were built to measure the amount of airflow required for apple trees.

The study confirmed that adjusting the fan inlet could control airflow penetration into tree canopies.

Results suggest that the system can reduce spray drift and off-target losses.

Abstract. The airflow discharged from orchard airblast sprayers is a primary component for successfully carrying spray droplets to the target trees. Because of the variation in orchard tree canopies, control of the airflow to minimize off-target loss during spray application is essential. An automatic airflow control system for precision sprayers was developed to maximize spray droplet coverage on targets and minimize off-target loss while considering the tree canopy densities. The primary component of the system was an iris damper, which was designed as a retrofit attachment on the fan inlet of a three-point airblast intelligent sprayer. A 3D light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor was installed at the top of the sprayer to acquire the tree canopy data. A motor was employed to control the damper opening with a micro-controller. To develop the models required for automatic airflow control, field experiments were conducted at three canopy density orchards with different cultivars (GoldRush, Gala, and Fuji). A total of 15 trees (five trees from each cultivar) were randomly selected, and five different damper openings (openings 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) were tested for each tree. Opening 1 represented the same air inlet as a traditional precision airblast sprayer, while openings 2, 3, 4, and 5 were the sequentially reduced air inlets of the sprayer. A canopy density measurement algorithm was scripted to measure the canopy point density of individual trees. Three models were built to show relationships between (1) tree canopy point densities and airflows; (2) canopy densities and damper openings; and (3) damper opening and motor steps. The combination of the two models (2 & 3) was used to assess the amount of airflow required for a specific canopy density. Field validations for medium and high-density trees showed that the system achieved adequate spray penetration at the top, middle, bottom, back-left, and back-right positions of the tree sections and reduced off-target loss at the ground and edge of next row sections using openings 4 and 2, respectively. However, the mechanical motion of the damper required 3 s to move from minimum to maximum opening, so the average canopy density was recommended to control the airflow. The overall results suggested that the automatic airflow control system could reduce spray drift and off-target losses and improve spray application efficiency in orchards. Keywords: Automation, Canopy sensing, Fan inlet, Precision spraying, Variable rate application.
Direct Greenhouse Gas Emissions From a Pilot-Scale Aquaponics System
Authors: Kalvakaalva Rohit , Prior Stephen A. , Smith Mollie , Runion G. Brett , Ayipio Emmanuel , Blanchard Caroline , Wall Nathan , Wells Daniel , Hanson Terrill R. , Higgins Brendan T.
Published: October 2022

Highlights

Direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were measured in a decoupled aquaponics system.

Solids concentration predicted methane emissions in the clarifier system.

Lower pH in the plant system increased N2O emissions.

Higher fish feeding rate increased CO2 and N2O emissions in the plant production system.

Roughly half of direct GHG emissions were offset by carbon uptake during plant growth.

Abstract. Agricultural production systems are known to be large contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and many studies have focused on the mitigation of GHG emissions from open-field and other traditional crop production practices. Little attention has been given to direct emissions from non-traditional production systems such as aquaponics. Here we determine direct GHG emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O) from a pilot-scale biofloc, decoupled aquaponics facility. We also determine how emissions from unit operations differ based on a set of environmental and operational parameters e.g. temperature, feeding rate, suspended solids, plant height, water flow rate, and nitrate levels. Major unit operations included a biofloc fish tank stocked with tilapia, a solids settling clarification system, and a climate-controlled greenhouse in which cucumber plants were grown in substrate culture. The study was separated into three seasons. In the summer of 2019, different pH treatments for cucumber irrigation water were tested. In the fall of 2019 and winter of 2020, emissions from perlite versus pine bark substrates were tested during cucumber production. Measurements indicated that aerial GHG emissions in intensively aerated areas of the fish tank were 4.7 to 46.8 times higher than those in areas with low-intensity aeration. High methane emissions (up to 44.8 g m-2 d-1) from the clarification system indicated anaerobic activity. Results from plant production showed a negative relationship between pH and N2O efflux (p=0.0001) while the choice of plant growth substrate had no significant effect on direct GHG emissions. Overall, carbon sequestration in plants could offset 40% to 62% of direct GHG emissions from the aquaponics system. This study provides insight into operational parameters that affect direct GHG emissions from aquaponics systems and provides data to support life cycle assessments. Keywords: Aquaculture, Carbon dioxide, Hydroponics, Methane, Nitrous oxide.
Performance of distinct strategies on overcoming dormancy in Senna obtusifolia seeds
Authors: Chaves Neto José Roberto , Rodrigues Fabiele Schaefer , Luft Luciana , Confortin Tássia Carla , Todero Izelmar , Santos Maicon Sérgio Nascimento dos , Zabot Giovani Leone , Mazutti Marcio Antonio , Tres Marcus Vinícius
Published: October 2022

Senna obtusifolia presents structures favorable to the effects of the dormancy phenomenon, presenting low germination rates for a certain period. This panorama can be solved by the dormancy-breaking process, which is caused by the exposure of the seed to adverse conditions that stimulate the germination process. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different methods to overcome dormancy in Senna obtusifolia (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby seeds. A completely randomized design (CRD) was the experimental design adopted, with four treatments and eight replications of 25 seeds. The treatments consisted of mechanical scarification, water imbibition, and immersion in hot water. In this study, a statistically significant difference was seen between treatments for all parameters, where the treatment under mechanical scarification was the most effective for promoting germination (99 ± 1.51% of germinated seeds). Furthermore, the treatment presented the most promising results for average shoot length (ASL) (43.95 ± 8.66 mm), root length (ARL) (28.09 ± 5.27 mm), total fresh mass (MF) (1.97 ± 0.10 g), and total dry mass (MS) (0.37 ± 0.03 g). The mechanical scarification of seeds favored germination and this treatment was the most efficient for the process of overcoming the dormancy of S. obtusifolia seeds.
Ring shaped fs supercontinuum with a thermally induced self-diffraction effect
Authors: Dey Soumyodeep , Sirohi Sugandh , Singh Surendra , Bisht Prem Ballabh
Published: October 2022

A broadband femtosecond supercontinuum (SC) light with a dark core has been generated in a pump–probe type geometry. It has been achieved by introducing a small thermal perturbation in a highly absorbing medium with a continuous wave pump laser. The SC was generated with the help of a photonic crystal fiber and a nJ femtosecond oscillator. Numerical simulations for the system were done by employing the Fresnel–Kirchhoff formula. The power dependence of the dark core diameter was also studied experimentally, and the results agree well with numerical simulations. The dark core size can be controlled by varying the input power of the pump beam.
Resonance prediction and inverse design of multi-core selective couplers based on neural networks
Authors: Fan Junjie , Huang Wei , Zhang Ran , Gu Zhiwei , Song Binbin , Chen Shengyong
Published: October 2022

Resonance analysis and structural optimization of multi-channel selective fiber couplers currently rely on numerical simulation and manual trial and error, which is very repetitive and time consuming. To realize fast and accurate resonance analysis and calculation, we start with dual-core structures and establish forward classification and regression neural networks to classify and predict different resonance properties, including resonance types, operating wavelength, coupling coefficient, coupling length, 3 dB bandwidth, and conversion efficiency. The pre-trained forward neural networks for dual-core fibers can also realize accurate and fast prediction for multi-core fibers if the mode energy exchange occurs only between one surrounding core and the central core. For the inverse design, a tandem neural network has been constructed by cascading the pre-trained forward neural network and the inverse network to solve the non-uniqueness problem and provide an approach to search for appropriate and desired multi-core structures. The proposed forward and inverse neural networks are efficient and accurate, which provides great convenience for resonance analysis and structural optimization of multi-channel fiber structures and devices.
Experimental investigation of degree of cross-polarization for an electromagnetic Gaussian-Schell model beam
Authors: Singh Hemant Kumar , Kanseri Bhaskar
Published: October 2022

We investigate the properties of the degree of cross-polarization (DOCP) for an electromagnetic Gaussian-Schell model (EMGSM) beam in the radial direction of the cross section of the beam. The coherence and polarization features of a partially coherent light beam are engineered to construct the isotropic and non-isotropic EMGSM beams, and the resulting changes in the DOCP are examined. For experimental realization, a double-slit interferometer is utilized at the output to probe the coherence properties for different polarization components across the beam diameter of an electromagnetic source. Experimental observations infer that variation in DOCP does not become apparent for isotropic coherence widths in the orthogonal polarization directions, whereas the variation can be apparent only once both the coherence widths are distinct. Furthermore, experimentally, a special case is also investigated for which the value of DOCP goes beyond unity. The DOCP finds application in areas such as second-order intensity interference, imaging, and characterization of non-homogeneously polarized beams.
Phase-stabilized UV light at 267 nm through twofold second harmonic generation
Authors: Kraus B. , Dawel F. , Hannig S. , Kramer J. , Nauk C. , Schmidt P. O.
Published: October 2022

Providing phase stable laser light is important to extend the interrogation time of optical clocks towards many seconds and thus achieve small statistical uncertainties. We report a laser system providing more than 50 µW phase-stabilized UV light at 267.4 nm for an aluminium ion optical clock. The light is generated by frequency-quadrupling a fibre laser at 1069.6 nm in two cascaded non-linear crystals, both in single-pass configuration. In the first stage, a 10 mm long PPLN waveguide crystal converts 1 W fundamental light to more than 0.2 W at 534.8 nm. In the following 50 mm long DKDP crystal, more than 50 µW of light at 267.4 nm are generated. An upper limit for the passive short-term phase stability has been measured by a beat-node measurement with an existing phase-stabilized quadrupling system employing the same source laser. The resulting fractional frequency instability of less than 5×10−17 after 1 s supports lifetime-limited probing of the 27Al+ clock transition, given a sufficiently stable laser source. A further improved stability of the fourth harmonic light is expected through interferometric path length stabilisation of the pump light by back-reflecting it through the entire setup and correcting for frequency deviations. The in-loop error signal indicates an electronically limited instability of 1 × 10−18 at 1 s.
Nanoscale chiral imaging under complex optical field excitation with controllable oriented chiral dipole moment
Authors: Rui Guanghao , Ji Yulin , Gu Bing , Cui Yiping , Zhan Qiwen
Published: October 2022

Since chirality is a fundamental building block of nature, the identification of the chiral specimen’s structure is of great interest, especially in applications involving the modification and utilization of proteins. In this work, by exploiting photoinduced force exerted on an achiral tip placed in the vicinity of a reciprocal chiral sample, a novel technique is proposed to detect the sample’s chirality in nanoscale spatial resolution. Under separate excitation of focal field carrying chiral dipole moment with opposite handedness, there is a differential optical force ΔF exerted on the tip apex, which is connected to the enantiomer type and quasi-linearly depends on specific component of the sample’s chirality parameter. With the help of time-reversal approach, we prove that the required excitation can be derived by radiation fields from the superposition of parallel electric and magnetic dipoles. Through adjusting the orientation of the chiral dipole moment, all the diagonal components of the sample’s chirality can be exclusively retrieved. In addition, the sensitivity of the proposed technique is demonstrated to enantiospecify nanoscale chiral samples with chirality parameter on the order of 0.001. The proposed technique may open new avenue for wide applications in biomedicine, material science and pharmaceutics.
Generalized homogenization method for subwavelength periodic lattices
Authors: Taheri Atefe , Shokooh-Saremi Mehrdad
Published: October 2022

Periodic photonic lattices based on Guided-Mode Resonance (GMR) enable the manipulation of the incident light, making them essential components in a plethora of optical elements including filters, sensors, lasers, and polarizers. The GMR is regarded as a resonance phenomenon in the resonant-subwavelength regime of periodic lattices. We present a method that homogenizes these periodic structures in the subwavelength regime and provides an appropriate analytical interpretation of the resonance effect. Here, we propose a technique based on utilizing the dispersion relation for homogenization, which can be applied to multi-part period lattices under oblique incidence. The effect of asymmetry and emergence of the odd/even modes, not considered in previous methods, will also be taken into account and discussed. As a result of this analytical procedure, resonance lines are obtained, which are useful in designing optical elements such as wideband/narrowband reflectors and polarizers.
Generation of non-diffractive Lommel beams based on all-dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Zhi Jiahao , Hu Bo , Guo Yuncheng , Sun Zhitong , Wang Xiaogang , Qiu Zhifang , Ying Hao , Xu Bijun
Published: October 2022

Lommel beam is a non-diffractive vortex beam of high concern recently, widely used in communication and turbulence studies. However, conventional methods of generating Lommel beams, such as using spatial light modulators (SLMs), are limited by their low resolution, poor phase manipulation, and small numerical aperture (NA). Here, non-diffractive Lommel beams based on all-dielectric metasurfaces are proposed. Using the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase arrangement, the focal depth of the main lobe of the generated beam can reach 75 µm (∼119λ). Additionally, the broadband characteristics of the designed metasurface between 550 and 710 nm are observed. The resulting beam is demonstrated to show excellent self-healing properties by placing up obstacles. We also combine the phase of the Dammann grating with that of the Lommel beam to create a metasurface capable of producing a 1 × 4 Lommel beam array; the generated beams are still characterized by uniformity and non-diffraction. This study provides a new idea for Lommel beam generation with promising applications in optical communication, optical tweezers, and laser fabrication.
Generalized transfer matrix model for dipole radiation-dynamics modification in layered media: application to incoherent light-emitting structures in thin film geometry
Authors: Ndiaye Amade , Seassal Christian , Drouard Emmanuel , Bakir Badhise Ben
Published: October 2022

Incoherent light-emitting structures are of key interest for many fields in optoelectronics and spontaneous emission is the physical phenomenon underlying their light emission process. In this paper, we propose a novel full-matrix algebraic framework for modeling spontaneous emission modification from radiating electric dipoles in layered media. This formalism generalizes the standard 2 × 2 transfer-matrices into a compact 3 × 3 framework, which thus allows to treat dipole radiation directly into the matrix formulation as a source matrix. Its accuracy has been confirmed by incoherent 3D-FDTD. It has then been extended to complex emitter regions with both spectral and spatial distributions using incoherent combination. Finally, we applied this approach to various examples to demonstrate its applicability. Since it only requires modest computational efforts, we hope that this model can help better understand spontaneous emission dynamics in layered media and thus pave the way to novel design guidelines for devices in many fields of optoelectronics.
Herausforderungen in der Gestaltung der interorganisationalen Zusammenarbeit in IIoT-Ökosystemen – Eine Fallstudie im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau
Authors: Walleser Nico , Schmiedle Laura , Petrik Dimitri , Rost Martin
Published: October 2022

IIoT-Ökosysteme ermöglichen unter anderem Unternehmen aus der produzierenden Industrie ihren Kunden ein Wertangebot zu schaffen, das ohne die Zusammenarbeit mit Partnern und Wettbewerbern nicht realisierbar wäre. Besonders im Business-to-Business (B2B) Markt ist die Zusammenarbeit im Rahmen von IIoT-Ökosystemen bislang noch unzureichend erforscht. Wir untersuchen deshalb in einer empirischen Einzelfallstudie die Zusammenarbeit in einem IIoT-Ökosystem im B2B-Kontext. Im Fokus steht dabei ein europäisches Maschinenbauunternehmen, welches in der Rolle des Orchestrators im Ökosystem agiert. Die Ergebnisse der Interviewstudie zeigen, dass besonders die Herausforderungen fehlendes Vertrauen, Ausbalancieren von Interessen, Informationsflüsse, unklare Zuständigkeiten, Integration von externen Partnern und das Geschäftsmodell die Zusammenarbeit in Ökosystemen erschweren. Mit Hilfe eines Expertenworkshops konnten Gestaltungsempfehlungen zur Adressierung dieser Herausforderungen erarbeitet werden. Der Beitrag legt dar, welche Herausforderungen in der Zusammenarbeit innerhalb von IIoT-Ökosystemen auftreten und wie diese durch geeignete Gestaltungsempfehlungen bewältigt werden können
Initiierung von Smart Service Innovationen im produzierenden Gewerbe
Authors: Buck Christoph , Kuch Felicitas , Lindenthal Anna , Merktle Tobias , Oberländer Anna Maria , Tippel Christoph , Wenninger Annette
Published: October 2022

Essensbestellungen, die ein Kühlschrank automatisiert vornimmt oder Kochrezepte, die ein Kühlschrank basierend auf dem Kühlschrankinhalt vorschlägt – das sind Beispiele für Smart Services. Diese Art Services sind an den Kunden angepasste, digitalisierte Lösungen, welche innovative Wertangebote und digitale Geschäftsmodelle ermöglichen. Sie vertiefen die Beziehung zwischen Kunden und Unternehmen, eröffnen darüber neue Marktchancen und bilden die Grundlage für Service-Ökosysteme. Trotz der vielfältigen Möglichkeiten stellt die Generierung von Smart Service Innovations-Ideen für Unternehmen eine komplexe Herausforderung dar. Die Komplexität ist auf die verschiedenen involvierten Akteure sowie die physischen und digitalen Komponenten einer Smart Service Innovation zurückzuführen. Um Unternehmen bei der Initiierung von Smart Service Innovationen zu unterstützen, stellt dieser Beitrag die relevanten Akteure und Komponenten von Smart Services vor. Außerdem untersucht der Beitrag, wie Unternehmen systematisch zu ihren Kunden und vorhandenen Ressourcen passende Smart Service Innovations-Ideen generieren können. Anhand eines Innovationsprojekts mit einem Unternehmen aus dem produzierenden Gewerbe werden praxisrelevante Erkenntnisse über eine Vorgehensweise zur Initiierung von Smart Service Innovationen abgeleitet. Außerdem werden Handlungsempfehlungen für Unternehmen ausgesprochen, die vor ähnlichen (Innovations‑) Herausforderungen stehen und eine gezielte Entwicklung von Smart Service Innovationen ergänzend zum bestehenden Produkt- und Service-Portfolio anstreben. Dies bietet Unternehmen Ansatzpunkte für die Anbindung an digitale Märkte und Service-Ökosysteme sowie für die ökonomisch nachhaltige Stärkung ihrer Wettbewerbsfähigkeit mithilfe von Smart Service Innovationen.
Qualitätssicherung in Digitalen Plattform-Ökosystemen: Implementierung von Kontrollsystemen am Beispiel von Apple iOS
Authors: Lindenmayr Michaela , Foerderer Jens
Published: October 2022

Um sich in einem kompetitiven Wettbewerbsumfeld weiterzuentwickeln und Netzwerkeffekte zu realisieren, setzen Plattformen externe App-Entwickler zur Erweiterung von Mobile-Apps-Plattformen ein. Damit können Plattformbetreiber den Wert für Konsumenten steigern. Gleichzeitig verlieren sie aber die vollständige Kontrolle über die Plattform und Qualitätsmängel in Form von fehlerhaften oder geringwertigen Apps treten auf. Dies macht Mechanismen zur Qualitätssteuerung erforderlich. Dabei implementieren Plattformbetreiber Kontrollsysteme, die Rahmenbedingungen für die Interaktion in Plattform-Ökosystemen festlegen. Kontrollen und Sanktionen setzen die Einhaltung der Regeln durch. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt den Prozess der Qualitätssicherung auf Mobile-Apps-Plattformen. Dabei werden am Beispiel von Apple iOS werden die vorgestellten Maßnahmen evaluiert. Diese Erkenntnisse können von anderen Plattformbetreibern genutzt werden, um eine hohe Qualität ihrer Plattform sicherzustellen.
Extraktion und Analyse von Schlüsselwörtern für eine automatisierte Literaturauswertung zum Thema Empfehlungssysteme
Authors: Barton Thomas , Peuker Andreas
Published: October 2022

Mit der zunehmenden Anzahl an wissenschaftlichen Publikationen steigt die Komplexität zur Durchführung einer Literaturauswertung. Insbesondere die Analyse einer Vielzahl an wissenschaftlichen Publikationen ist mit manuellen Tätigkeiten verbunden, die in der Regel nur sehr zeitaufwendig umzusetzen sind. Um diesem Aufwand entgegenzuwirken, existieren unterschiedliche Methoden der deskriptiven Berechnung und des maschinellen Lernens, die zur Unterstützung einer wissenschaftlichen Literaturauswertung eingesetzt werden können. In diesem Zusammenhang kann Keyword Extraction genutzt werden, um Schlüsselwörter von Texten automatisiert zu erkennen. In diesem Beitrag wird vorgestellt, wie Keyword Extraction zur Unterstützung einer wissenschaftlichen Literaturauswertung zum Thema „Empfehlungssysteme“ eingesetzt werden kann.
Growth Hacking – Der Schlüssel zu beschleunigtem Wachstum für Startups?
Authors: Khosrawi-Rad Bijan , Schlimbach Ricarda , Asghari Reza
Published: October 2022

Startups verfolgen in ihrer Anfangsphase das Ziel, schnell zu wachsen, um sich einen großen Kundenstamm aufzubauen und sich langfristig am Markt behaupten zu können. Während die Digitalisierung einen schnellen Markteinstieg ermöglicht, ist es in der New Economy für junge Unternehmen mit begrenzten Ressourcen jedoch schwierig, von potenziellen Kunden wahrgenommen zu werden sowie eine kritische Masse an Nutzern zu erreichen. Growth Hacking ist der Oberbegriff für verschiedene kreative, technische und zugleich kostengünstige Methoden zur Wachstumsbeschleunigung. Bislang bestehen jedoch noch wenig wissenschaftlich gesicherte Erkenntnisse über die Potenziale des Growth Hackings sowie dessen tatsächliche Auswirkungen auf das Unternehmenswachstum. Deshalb untersucht dieser Beitrag auf Basis von neun Experteninterviews den Nutzen und die Auswirkungen des Growth Hackings für Startups in der Wachstumsphase. Zudem werden aus den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für die praktische Anwendung des Growth Hackings abgeleitet. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Zusammenfassung und gibt Impulse für weitere Forschung in diesem Bereich.
From human business to machine learning—methods for automating real estate appraisals and their practical implications
Authors: Stang Moritz , Krämer Bastian , Nagl Cathrine , Schäfers Wolfgang
Published: October 2022

Until recently, in most countries, the use of Automated Valuation Models (AVMs) in the lending process was only allowed for support purposes, and not as the sole value-determining tool. However, this is currently changing, and regulators around the world are actively discussing the approval of AVMs. But the discussion is generally limited to AVMs that are based on already established methods such as an automation of the traditional sales comparison approach or linear regressions. Modern machine learning approaches are almost completely excluded from the debate. Accordingly, this study contributes to the discussion on why AVMs based on machine learning approaches should also be considered. For this purpose, an automation of the sales comparison method by using filters and similarity functions, two hedonic price functions, namely an OLS model and a GAM model, as well as a XGBoost machine learning approach, are applied to a dataset of 1.2 million residential properties across Germany. We find that the machine learning method XGBoost offers the overall best performance regarding the accuracy of estimations. Practical application shows that optimization of the established methods—OLS and GAM—is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and has significant disadvantages when being implemented on a national scale. In addition, our results show that different types of methods perform best in different regions and, thus, regulators should not only focus on one single method, but consider a multitude of them.
Cybersicherheit in Krankenhäusern – Teil 2: vom Normalfall zum Notfall
Authors: Nadeborn Diana , Dittrich Tilmann
Published: October 2022

Cybervorfälle bedrohen Krankenhäuser sämtlicher Größen. Daher gelten für sie besondere Rechtspflichten. Krankenhäuser müssen bereits im Normalfall IT-Schutzmaßnahmen ergreifen. Krankenhäuser, die Kritische Infrastrukturen darstellen, müssen die Einhaltung dieser Vorschriften regelmäßig nachweisen. Bei einem Cybernotfall müssen alle Krankenhäuser aktiv werden. Denn regelmäßig ergeben sich Melde- und Benachrichtigungspflichten aus der DS-GVO. Für Kritische Infrastrukturen gilt darüber hinaus eine besondere Meldepflicht aus dem BSIG. Zur Einhaltung der vielfältigen Rechtspflichten ist ein strukturiertes Vorgehen in den Krankenhäusern notwendig, da bei Missachtung erhebliche Sanktionen drohen.
Use of compressed sensing to expedite high-throughput diagnostic testing for COVID-19 and beyond
Authors: Waldstein Kody A. , Yi Jirong , Cho Myung , Mudumbai Raghu , Wu Xiaodong , Varga Steven M. , Xu Weiyu
Published: October 2022

The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 has placed a significant burden on public health systems to provide swift and accurate diagnostic testing highlighting the critical need for innovative testing approaches for future pandemics. In this study, we present a novel sample pooling procedure based on compressed sensing theory to accurately identify virally infected patients at high prevalence rates utilizing an innovative viral RNA extraction process to minimize sample dilution. At prevalence rates ranging from 0–14.3%, the number of tests required to identify the infection status of all patients was reduced by 69.26% as compared to conventional testing in primary human SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swabs and a coronavirus model system. Our method provided quantification of individual sample viral load within a pool as well as a binary positive-negative result. Additionally, our modified pooling and RNA extraction process minimized sample dilution which remained constant as pool sizes increased. Compressed sensing can be adapted to a wide variety of diagnostic testing applications to increase throughput for routine laboratory testing as well as a means to increase testing capacity to combat future pandemics.
Understanding the impact of third-party species on pairwise coexistence
Authors: Deng Jie , Taylor Washington , Saavedra Serguei
Published: October 2022

The persistence of virtually every single species depends on both the presence of other species and the specific environmental conditions in a given location. Because in natural settings many of these conditions are unknown, research has been centered on finding the fraction of possible conditions (probability) leading to species coexistence. The focus has been on the persistence probability of an entire multispecies community (formed of either two or more species). However, the methodological and philosophical question has always been whether we can observe the entire community and, if not, what the conditions are under which an observed subset of the community can persist as part of a larger multispecies system. Here, we derive long-term (using analytical calculations) and short-term (using simulations and experimental data) system-level indicators of the effect of third-party species on the coexistence probability of a pair (or subset) of species under unknown environmental conditions. We demonstrate that the fraction of conditions incompatible with the possible coexistence of a pair of species tends to become vanishingly small within systems of increasing numbers of species. Yet, the probability of pairwise coexistence in isolation remains approximately the expected probability of pairwise coexistence in more diverse assemblages. In addition, we found that when third-party species tend to reduce (resp. increase) the coexistence probability of a pair, they tend to exhibit slower (resp. faster) rates of competitive exclusion. Long-term and short-term effects of the remaining third-party species on all possible specific pairs in a system are not equally distributed, but these differences can be mapped and anticipated under environmental uncertainty.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of human and zoonotic dog soil-transmitted helminth infections in Australian Indigenous communities
Authors: Raw Cameron , Traub Rebecca J. , Zendejas-Heredia Patsy A. , Stevenson Mark , Wiethoelter Anke
Published: October 2022

Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infect 1.5 billion people and countless animals worldwide. In Australian Indigenous communities, STH infections have largely remained endemic despite control efforts, suggesting reservoirs of infection may exist. Dogs fulfil various important cultural, social and occupational roles in Australian Indigenous communities and are populous in these settings. Dogs may also harbour zoonotic STHs capable of producing morbidity and mortality in dogs and humans. This review provides an overview of human and zoonotic STH infections, identifies the Australian Indigenous locations affected and the parasite species and hosts involved. The meta-analysis provides estimates of individual study and pooled true prevalence of STH infections in Australian Indigenous communities and identifies knowledge gaps for further research on zoonotic or anthroponotic potential. A systematic literature search identified 45 eligible studies documenting the presence of Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichuris trichiura, Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, undifferentiated hookworm, and Ascaris lumbricoides. Of these studies, 26 were also eligible for inclusion in meta-analysis to establish true prevalence in the light of imperfect diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity by Rogan-Gladen and Bayesian methods. These studies revealed pooled true prevalence estimates of 18.9% (95% CI 15.8–22.1) for human and canine S. stercoralis infections and 77.3% (95% CI 63.7–91.0) for canine A. caninum infections indicating continued endemicity, but considerably more heterogenous pooled estimates for canine A. ceylanicum infections, and A. duodenale, undifferentiated hookworm and T. trichiura in humans. This review suggests that the prevalence of STHs in Australian Indigenous communities has likely been underestimated, principally based on imperfect diagnostic tests. Potential misclassification of hookworm species in humans and dogs due to outdated methodology, also obscures this picture. High-quality contemporary studies are required to establish current true prevalence of parasite species in all relevant hosts to guide future policy development and control decisions under a culturally sound One Health framework.
Competitive analysis of online revenue management with two hierarchical resources and multiple fare classes
Authors: Ni Guanqun
Published: October 2022

Resource allocation problem is one of key issues in the field of revenue management. The traditional models usually rely on some restrictive assumptions about demand information or arrival process, which is sometimes out of line with reality. To overcome this shortcoming, the method of competitive analysis of online algorithms, which eliminates the need for the assumptions on demand and arrivals, is adopted to deal with the quantity-based revenue management problem. The current model in this paper considers two downgrade compatible levels of resources. Given the capacities and fares of both levels of resources, the objective is to accept appropriate customers and assign them to appropriate resources so as to maximize revenues. Compared with the existing literature, this paper generalizes the concerned resource allocation problem by considering multiple fares for each level of resources. From the perspective of online algorithms and competitive analysis, both an upper bound and an optimal online strategy are derived in this paper.
El amor en los tiempos de la inteligencia artificial. Paradojas y realidades de los imaginarios sociotécnicos sobre las inteligencias artificiales de acompañamiento y la sustitución de las personas
Authors: Álvarez Villanueva Enrique
Published: October 2022

Hockenhull y Leavitt Cohn introducen en su análisis de la escena tecnológica danesa el concepto de «aire caliente» para describir las medias verdades y exageraciones que las compañías utilizan para atraer la atención pública y la inversión. La ciencia ficción y los anuncios de las empresas del sector tecnológico describen con frecuencia a los robots del futuro como seres inteligentes y con capacidad de sentir y, por tanto, con la capacidad de sustituir a las personas como amantes y compañeros de vida. El presente artículo tendrá como objetivo analizar estas expectativas presentes en los imaginarios sociotécnicos de la inteligencia artificial con la intención de descubrir sus problemas y facilitar un juicio menos inflado de «aire caliente».
Crimes in Fiction and Alleged Punishments
Authors: Shchur Ekaterina
Published: October 2022

The article discusses a number of works of Russian and foreign literature in which certain crimes appear. The author considers various circumstances of the crimes committed, which aggravate or mitigate the guilt of the offender. There also were considered some relevant articles of modern Russian legislation related to the crimes under these investigations. According to the analysis, the author suggests alleged punishments which the heroes of the books could be awarded.
GENDER EQUALITY MECHANISMS IN FINLAND AND SWEDEN
Authors: Golovinov A.V. , Golovinova Yu.V.
Published: October 2022

The publication is devoted to the analysis of the legal policy of gender equality in Finland and Sweden. Thechoice of countries is not accidental, since these states show impressive results in the effective developmentand implementation of legal policies in the field of gender equality.The authors show that in Finland the minimization and leveling of gender asymmetry is supported by thenational quota system. This approach is aimed at comprehensively ensuring a gender-neutral configurationof social practices. Such a humanistic trajectory of the policy of gender equality finds consolidation at thelevel of special legislation. It has been established that the positive experience of dealing with discriminatory factors is characteristicof modern Sweden. The very concept and term “discrimination” is clearly formulated and defined at the levelof regulatory regulation. The Swedish legislator also specifies the manifestations and forms of discriminatoryactions. The legal system of this state is replete with acts and all kinds of documents that are designed toprovide equal opportunities for representatives of each sex.
FEATURES OF STATE REGULATION AND MANAGEMENT IN THE SPHERE OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORT
Authors: Kovalenko E.Y. , Shavandina O.A. , Тыдыкова Н.В.
Published: October 2022

The authors analyzed the main directions for improving regulation mechanisms in order to findthe optimal balance of public and private interests in the process of implementing a particular model(interventionist or liberal) of state regulation and management in the field of physical culture and sports inthe state. As a result of studying the legislative regulation of sports relations in the Russian Federation, theauthors identified a number of features that are characteristic of state regulation and management in thefield of physical culture and sports. Based on the study of domestic and foreign experience in the regulationof sports relations, it is concluded that a certain autonomy of sports is ensured in all known models of stateregulation and management in the field of sports. Despite the liberal approach of a number of countries inthe regulation of sports relations, today there is an increase in the role of state influence on these relations,which is aimed at providing conditions for the sustainable functioning of national and international systemsof sports relations, protecting the public and private legitimate interests of participants in sports relations, aswell as generally recognized moral values. The complication of the interaction between public and privatesystems of regulation of sports relations determines the need for further scientific and practical research inorder to find effective mechanisms for their interaction and criteria for their optimal combination.
Anatomical variation of the dorsal buccal branch of the facial nerve in sheep: a case report
Authors: Canedo Andressa Lima , Inhauser Riceti Magalhães Henrique , De Assis Ribeiro Lucas
Published: October 2022

O sistema linfático é responsável, de modo geral, pela defesa do organismo pois protege o corpo contra macromoléculas exógenas e endógenas, além de microrganismos invasores. Alterações inflamatórias, de origem infecciosa ou tóxica, são vistas com grande frequência nos linfonodos. As linfadenites podem estar associadas à drenagem de uma determinada área inflamada do organismo, ser decorrentes da lesão primária dos linfonodos ou ocorrer como parte de uma doença multicêntrica. A linfadenite caseosa é uma doença importante em caprinos e ovinos, caracterizada pela formação de abcessos em linfonodos superficiais e, em menor frequência, em linfonodos internos e órgãos, considerada crônica, debilitante e infecto-contagiosa. Variações anatômicas são diferenças morfológicas entre organismos da mesma espécie. Nesse contexto, variações anatômicas relacionadas à linfonodos superficiais podem representar grande importância na ovinocaprinocultura.
EFICIÊNCIA DE ACARICIDAS COMERCIAIS SOBRE O Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) Microplus DE UMA PROPRIEDADE RURAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE VAZANTE, MG., BRASIL
Authors: CESAR MASTRANTONIO ENEIDA , ALVES PEREIRA DOUGLAS , MACHADO MATTOS CAIXETA PAULO CÉSAR , MAIA MARIANA BATISTA
Published: October 2022

Os carrapatos são os ectoparasitos que causam maiores prejuízos para a produção de bovinos, e em particular o Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é responsável por graves prejuízos para os produtores de carne e leite, e seu controle vem sendo dificultado pela resistência desses ácaros de pequeno porte aos carrapaticidas comerciais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência in vitro de 08 (oito) bases químicas presentes nos principais acaricidas do mercado, sobre o Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Para tanto, amostras de carrapatos foram coletadas de uma propriedade rural do município de Vazante, MG, para a realização do teste de imersão de teleóginas (biocarrapaticidograma). As associações das bases químicas  Cipermetrina 20% + Clorpirifós 50%; Cirpemetrina 15% + Clorpirifós 30% + Fention 15%; Cipermetrina 15% + Clorpirifós 25% + Butóxido de Piperonila 15%+ Citronela 1% e Clorpirifós 50% + Cipermetrina 6%, apresentaram eficiência de 100% no teste in vitro. Entretanto, Diclorvós 50% + Clorpirifós 20%; Supona 50%; Amitraz 12,5% e a Deltametrina 25% apresentaram eficiência menor que 95%. Os resultados obtidos sugerem uma relação direta entre produtos presentes no mercado versus resistência do Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, enfatizando a necessidade do monitoramento dos mecanismos de resistência associado à implementação de um programa de controle estratégico de carrapatos, levando ao manejo adequado de acaricidas e uma política de fiscalização atuante por parte dos órgãos competentes com relação aos produtos químicos disponíveis no mercado para o controle do Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.
PROFILE OF OTITIS EXTERNA ISOLATES IN DOGS AND CATS DIAGNOSED IN LABORATORY OF MICROBIOLOGY IN 2020
Authors: Teixeira Ferreira Priscila , Bergman Zaffari Grecellé Cristina
Published: October 2022

Otitis externa is one of the most frequent diseases in the clinicalroutine of dogs and cats, and they can be caused by several associated factors.Due to incorrect use of antimicrobial products, the treatment and control of otitishave become challenging. This study aims to analyze the results of otologicalexams at the Laboratory of Microbiology HV-ULBRA in 2020 and demonstratethe profie of patients and isolated bacteria. Staphylococcus was the main genusisolated, and 71,11% of samples showed multi-drug resistance to antimicrobialtesting. These results indicate the need to use complementary examinations tocontrol otitis externa.
 Keywords: canines, felines, otological diseases, antimicrobial susceptibility test
Vertex-transitive graphs with local action the symmetric group on ordered pairs
Authors: Morgan Luke
Published: October 2022

We consider a finite, connected and simple graph Γ that admits a vertex-transitive group of automorphisms 𝐺.
Under the assumption that, for all

x
∈

V
⁢

(
Γ
)

x\in V(\Gamma)

, the local action

G
x

Γ
⁢

(
x
)

G_{x}^{\Gamma(x)}

is the action of

Sym
⁡

(
n
)

\operatorname{Sym}(n)

on ordered pairs, we show that the group

G
x

[
3
]

G_{x}^{[3]}

, the point-wise stabiliser of a ball of radius three around 𝑥, is trivial.
A numerical solution of the dynamic vector tomography problem using the truncated singular value decomposition method
Authors: Polyakova Anna P. , Svetov Ivan E.
Published: October 2022

We consider a problem of dynamic 2D vector tomography, i.e. the object under investigation changes during the data acquisition.
More precisely, we consider the case when the object motion is a combination of rotation and shifting.
The task is then to reconstruct the searched-for vector field by known values of the dynamic ray transforms.
In order to solve this dynamic inverse problem, we first study properties of the dynamic ray transforms operators.
In particular, the singular value decompositions of the operators are constructed using classic orthogonal polynomials.
Following from this study, a numerical algorithm for solving the dynamic problem is proposed based on the truncated singular value decomposition method.
Simultaneous determination of mass density and flexural rigidity of the damped Euler–Bernoulli beam from two boundary measured outputs
Authors: Sebu Cristiana
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we study the inverse coefficient problem of identifying both the mass density

ρ
⁢

(
x
)

>
0

\rho(x)>0

and flexural rigidity

r
⁢

(
x
)

>
0

r(x)>0

of a damped Euler–Bernoulli (cantilever) beam governed by the equation

ρ
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

u

t
⁢
t

+

μ
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

u
t

+

(

r
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

u

x
⁢
x

)

x
⁢
x

=
0

\rho(x)u_{tt}+\mu(x)u_{t}+(r(x)u_{xx})_{xx}=0

,

(
x
,
t
)

∈

(
0
,
ℓ
)

×

(
0
,
T
)

(x,t)\in(0,\ell)\times(0,T)

, subject to boundary conditions

u
⁢

(
0
,
t
)

=

u
x

⁢

(
0
,
t
)

=
0

u(0,t)=u_{x}(0,t)=0

,

u

x
⁢
x

⁢

(
ℓ
,
t
)

=
0

u_{xx}(\ell,t)=0

,

-

(

r
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

u

x
⁢
x

⁢

(
x
,
t
)

)

x

|

x
=
ℓ

=

g
⁢

(
t
)

-(r(x)u_{xx}(x,t))_{x}|_{x=\ell}=g(t)

, from the available measured boundary deflection

ν
⁢

(
t
)

:=

u
⁢

(
ℓ
,
t
)

\nu(t):=u(\ell,t)

and rotation

θ
⁢

(
t
)

:=

u
x

⁢

(
ℓ
,
t
)

\theta(t):=u_{x}(\ell,t)

at the free end of the beam.
The distinctive feature of the considered inverse coefficient problem is that not one, but two Neumann-to-Dirichlet operators have to be formally defined.
The inverse problem is hence formulated as a system of nonlinear Neumann-to-Dirichlet operator equations with the right-hand sides consisting of the measured outputs.
As a natural consequence of this approach, a vector-form Tikhonov functional is introduced whose components are squares of the

L
2

L^{2}

-norm differences between predicted and measured outputs.
We then prove existence of a quasi-solution of the inverse problem and derive explicit gradient formulae for the Fréchet derivatives of both components of the Tikhonov functional.
These results are instrumental to any gradient based algorithms for reconstructing the two unknown coefficients of the considered damped Euler–Bernoulli beam.
A dezindusztrializáció vizualitása: egy volt gyárváros, a munkáskolóniák és környezetük szociofotói a rendszerváltozás után
Authors: Alabán Péter
Published: October 2022

A gazdasági szerkezetváltás és a rendszerváltozás társadalmi hatásait megörökítő fotók mára kordokumentummá váltak. A magyarországi kohászat egykori fellegvárának számító Ózd város esetében mind dokumentumfilmek, mind fényképek tekintetében különösen gazdag forrásanyag áll rendelkezésre. A fotók felhasználása ugyanakkor több tudományág számára is jelentős: a képi és vizuális ábrázolás nem csupán az illusztrálás eszköze, sokkal inkább jelentős „adathordozó”, amely felvételek egész sorával képes munkafolyamatokat, társadalmi életképeket és helyzeteket, a városkép egészét egykor meghatározó építményeket, volt ipari létesítményeket, valamint Ózd „imázsát” a kollektív memóriában rögzíteni. A gazdasági és társadalmi rendszerváltozás helyi viszonyainak, összehasonlító elemzésekre is lehetőséget nyújtó megértése e források bevonásával válhat teljessé.

Kép forrása: Benkő Imre felvétele.