bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF METHOXY‐ AND HYDROXY‐SUBSTITUTED CINNAMALDEHYDES AND THEIR CORRESPONDING EPOXIDES. II. THE EPOXIDES
Authors: OLSTEIN R. , STEPHENSON E. F. M.
Published: April 2016

Die nucleophile Epoxidierung der Cinnamaldehyde (I) mit tBu‐O‐OH und pH‐Kontrolle führt zu den Epoxiden (II), die sich mit Ausnahme von (IIc) in dem Reaktionsmedium zu den Dihydroxycarbaldehyden (III) zersetzen, wobei (IIIa) überwiegend als Dimeres (IV) vorliegt; (IIIc) entsteht bei der alkalischen Hydrolyse von (IIc).
ChemInform Abstract: SPIRO‐β‐LACTAMS FROM (2+2) CYCLOADDITION OF KETENES TO IMINO LACTONES
Authors: ROTH M.
Published: April 2016

Die aus Maleinsäureanhydrid (I) und den prim. Aminen (II) erhaltenen Amidcarbonsäuren (III) cyclisieren in Gegenwart von DCC zu den Iminolactonen (IV) ((IVc) und (IVd), die in CH2Cl2 löslich sind, werden ohne Isolierung weiter eingesetzt), deren Reaktion mit Ketenen untersucht wird.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐SUBSTITUTED 1,3‐DIHYDROISOTHIANAPHTHENE 2,2‐DIOXIDES: PREPARATION AND USE AS ORTHO‐QUINODIMETHAN PRECURSORS IN INTRAMOLECULAR CYCLOADDITIONS
Authors: OPPOLZER W. , ROBERTS D. A. , BIRD T. G. C.
Published: April 2016

Das S,S‐ Dioxid (I) wird durch Deprotonierung [→ (II)] und nachfolgende Reaktion mit entsprechenden Elektrophilen (IV)‐(X) in die Derivate (III) übergeführt; aus (IIIb), (IIIc) bzw. (IIId) werden durch thermolytische SO2‐Abspaltung die polycyclischen Produkte (XI) [ + Nebenprodukte (XII)], (XIII) bzw. (XIV) [neben (XIVa) auch das Nebenprodukt (XV)] gewonnen.
ChemInform Abstract: LACTIM ETHER CHEMISTRY. CYCLIC β‐ENAMINO ESTER SYNTHESIS
Authors: CELERIER J. P. , DELOISY E. , LHOMMET G. , MAITTE P.
Published: April 2016

Lactimether (I) reagieren mit Isopropylidenmalonat (II) in Gegenwart von Piperidiniumacetat zu den Kondensationsprodukten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF SOME INDOLYL ALCOHOLS AND INDOLYL OLEFINS WITH ARENESULFONYL AZIDES
Authors: BAHADUR G. A. , BAILEY A. S. , COSTELLO G. , SCOTT P. W.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion der Indolylmethanole (Ia) bzw. (Ib) mit dem Azid (II) liefert die Produkte (III)+(IV) + (Va) bzw. (Vb); aus (Ia) wird außerdem das Nebenprodukt (VI) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS. XXV. INTRAMOLECULAR PHOTOOXIDATION OF THE INDOLE RING BY AN ALIPHATIC NITRO GROUP
Authors: MAKI Y. , FURUTA T. , SUZUKI M.
Published: April 2016

Die Photolyse des Nitro‐indolyl‐propionates (II) ergibt nicht das Hydroxyindolenyl‐propionat (I), sondern das Oxindol (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIDINIUM TOSYLATE, A MILD CATALYST FOR FORMATION AND CLEAVAGE OF DIOXOLANE‐TYPE ACETALS
Authors: STERZYCKI R.
Published: April 2016

Pyridinium‐p‐toluolsulfonat (III) ist ein wirkungsvoller Katalysator zur Acetalisierung von Ketonen (I) mit Ethylenglykol (II) zu Dioxolanen (IV) und deren Spaltung durch Umacetalisierung mit Hilfe von Aceton.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PYRAZOLONE DERIVATIVES. XXXVII. SYNTHETIC AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE RELATED COMPOUNDS OF (4S,7R)‐2‐AMINO‐7,8,8‐TRIMETHYL‐4,5,6,7‐TETRAHYDRO‐4,7‐METHANO‐2H‐INDAZOLE
Authors: NAGAI S. , ODA N. , ITO I.
Published: April 2016

Das aus den Methano‐indazol (I) durch N‐Aminierung hergestellte Amin‐Derivat (II) liefert bei der Oxidation mit Bleitetraacetat ein Methano‐benzotriazin (III), aus dem bei UV‐Bestrahlung Stickstoff unter Bildung des Nitrils (IV) abgespalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,4‐TRIAZOLIUM YLIDES. II. REGIOSELECTIVITY OF 3 + 2 DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITION OF TRIAZOLIUM PHENACYLIDES TO ASYMMETRIC DIPOLAROPHILES
Authors: PETROVANU M. , LUCHIAN C. , SURPATEANU G. , BARBOIU V.
Published: April 2016

Die aus dem Phenyltriazol (I) und den Phenacylbromiden (II) gebildeten Triazoliumbromide (III) werden mit Triethylamin zu den Yliden (IV) umgesetzt, die in situ an Acrylnitiil und Acrylsäuremethylester (V) cycloaddiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVITY IN THE VILSMEIER FORMYLATION OF CHROMENES. A FORMYLCHROMENE PATHWAY FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF SOME AROMATIC HEMITERPENOIDS
Authors: NAIDU M. V. , KRISHNA RAO G. S.
Published: April 2016

Während 2,2‐Dimethylchromen nicht formyliert werden kann, erhält man aus 2,2‐Dimethyl‐7‐methoxychromen (I) nach Vilsmeier das 6‐Formyl‐Derivat (II).
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSATION OF THE ETHYL ESTER OF 4‐METHYL‐2‐OXO‐2H‐1‐BENZOPYRAN‐3‐CARBOXYLIC ACID WITH ALDEHYDES AND KETONES; SYNTHESIS OF 2‐SUBSTITUTED 4,5‐DIOXO‐1,2‐DIHYDRO‐4H,5H‐PYRANO(3,4‐C)(1)BENZOPYRANS
Authors: IVANOV C. , AGHELOVA Y. , SPIROVA S.
Published: April 2016

Die Kondensation der 4‐Methylbenzopyranone (I) mit Carbonylverbindungen (II) mittels Natriumamid führt zu Lactonen (III), die nur in Form der Natriumverbindungen (IV) als Vinyl‐Derivate existieren.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF C‐3‐SUBSTITUTED CHROMONES. VI. PREPARATION OF 2‐PHENOXY‐2′‐HYDROXY‐ACETOPHENONES AND CYCLIZATION TO 3‐PHENOXYCHROMONES
Authors: SZABO V. , KISS A.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Benzyloxyacetophenon (I) wird durch Seitenkettenbromierung mit N‐Bromsuccinimid (NBS) und anschließende Umsetzung mit Natriumphenolat und hydrierende Spaltung das Hydroxy‐phenoxy‐acetophenon (V) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL 3‐(ALKYLTHIO)‐2‐HALOPYRIDINES AND RELATED DERIVATIVES
Authors: PONTICELLO G. S. , HARTMAN R. D. , LUMMA W. C. JUN. , BALDWIN J. J.
Published: April 2016

Aus 2‐Chlor‐3‐amino‐pyridin (I) erhält man über das Diazoniumsalz mit Natriummethylmercaptid das Methylthio‐Derivat (IIa), das zu (IIb) und (IIc) oxidiert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF 4‐(3‐CYANO‐1‐TRIAZENO)PYRIDINES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: TANNO M. , KAMIYA S.
Published: April 2016

Das Azid (I) ergibt mit Kaliumcyanid das Addukt (II), das sauer in das Cyan‐triazenopyridin (III) umgewandelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: LACTAMS. XV. CHEMISTRY OF UNSATURATED Δ‐VALEROLACTAMS
Authors: FUJII T. , KOGEN H. , YOSHIFUJI S. , IGA K.
Published: April 2016

Das Ketolactam (I) und der Cyanester (II) kondensieren zu (III), das zum Lactam (IV) verseift und decarboxyliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: QUINOLINE AND ISOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES. VI. REACTIONS OF 3‐QUINOLINECARBONITRILE AND 6‐QUINOLINECARBONITRILE WITH METHYLMAGNESIUM IODIDE AND PHENYLMAGNESIUM BROMIDE
Authors: FERLES M. , JANCAR P. , KOCIAN O.
Published: April 2016

Methylmagnesiumiodid reagiert mit 3‐Chinolincarbonitril (Ia) unter 1,4‐Addition zum Dihydrochinolin (IIa), das zum Aromaten (Ib) oxidiert wird; Phenylmagnesiumbromid liefert ein Gemisch der 1,4‐ und 1,2‐Additionsprodukte (IIb) bzw. (III), die als Aromaten (Ic) bzw. (IV) charakterisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 3‐CYANOINDOLIZINES VIA CYCLOADDITION‐EXTRUSION REACTIONS OF DICYANOMETHYLIDES WITH PHENYL VINYL SULFOXIDE
Authors: MATSUMOTO K. , UCHIDA T. , PAQUETTE L. A.
Published: April 2016

Dicyanomethylide (I) reagieren mit Phenylvinylsulfon (II) in einer lß‐Cycloaddition mit anschließender Eliminierung zu 3‐Cyanoindolizinen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF βΓ‐UNSATURATED α‐AMINO ACIDS
Authors: NUNAMI K. , SUZUKI M. , YONEDA N.
Published: April 2016

Die Verseifung der aus den entsprechenden Cycloalkanonen (I) und Methyl‐isocyanoaoetat (II) dargestellten N‐Formylcycloalkylidenglycinate (III) führt unter Wanderung der ozß‐Doppelbindung in die βy‐Position zu den N‐Formylcycloalkenylglycinen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF KETENE S,S‐ACETALS FROM THIOAMIDES
Authors: HARADA T. , TAMARU Y. , YOSHIDA Z.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Thioamid (I) erhält man mit Methyliodid das Sulfoniumsalz (II), das mit Trimethylendithiol (III) das Keton‐S,S‐acetal (IV) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIMIDINES. 77. THE CHICHIBABIN REACTION OF PURINES WITH POTASSIUM AMIDE IN LIQUID AMMONIA
Authors: KOS N. J. , VAN DER PLAS H. C. , VAN VELDHUIZEN B.
Published: April 2016

Beim Erhitzen mit Kaliumamid in flüssigem Ammoniak erhält man aus Purin (I) nach Chichibabin glatt bei längerer Reaktionszeit Adenin (II).
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF PROPARGYL ALCOHOL WITH AMINES. A NOVEL ROUTE TO AMINOPROPANONES AND 2‐METHYLQUINOXALINE
Authors: WATANABE Y. , IDEI M. , TAKEGAMI Y.
Published: April 2016

Propargylalkohol (I) reagiert mit o‐Phenylendiamin (II) zu einem Substitutionsprodukt (III), das über eine Umlagerung zu (IV) und weiter über das Ringschlußprodukt (V) zum 2‐Methyl‐chinoxalin (VI) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHYSICO‐CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 1‐(2‐CHLOROETHYL)‐3‐(4‐SUBSTITUTED‐2,3‐DIOXO‐1‐PIPERAZINYLALKYL)‐1‐NITROSOUREA
Authors: HORI T. , MOMONOI K. , KIBA Y. , YOSHIDA C. , SAKAI H. , TAKENO R. , OHASHI T. , KISHIMOTO S. , SAIKAWA I.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Piperazindionen (I) werden nach verschiedenen Verfahren die N‐(Aminoalkyl)‐Derivate (IV) hergestellt und durch Umsetzung mit Chlorethylisocyanat und N‐Nitrosierung oder durch direkte Umsetzung mit dem N‐Nitroso‐p‐nitrophenylcarbamat (X) in die β‐Chlorethyl‐nitrosoharnstoff‐Derivate (IX) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF Γ‐BROMOACETOACETYL BROMIDE WITH N‐PHENYLHYDROXYLAMINE DERIVATIVES: SYNTHESIS OF 1,2‐OXAZINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: TABEI K. , KAWASHIMA E. , KATO T.
Published: April 2016

Die N‐Aryl‐hydroxy‐lamine (I) ergeben mit (II) die Substitutionsprodukte (III), die zu den Oxazindionen (IV) cyclisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF 3H‐1,2‐DIAZEPINES BY THE BASE‐INDUCED ELIMINATION OF TOLUENE‐P‐SULFINIC ACID FROM 3,4‐DIHYDRO‐2‐TOSYL‐1,2‐DIAZEPINES, AND SOME OBSERVATIONS ON SIGMATROPIC HYDROGEN SHIFTS IN THE 3H‐1,2‐DIAZEPINE SYSTEM
Authors: ANDERSON C. D. , SHARP J. T. , STRATHDEE R. S.
Published: April 2016

Beim Behandeln mit Na‐ethylat in Toluol bei 100°C liefern die Dihydrotosyldiazepine (I) unter Eliminierung von Na‐p‐toluolsulfinat die Diazepine (II); aus (Ic) bzw. (Id) entstehen durch [1,5]sigmatrope H‐Verschiebung in (IIc) bzw. (IId) zusätzlich die Isomeren (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS OF 3‐(DISUBSTITUTED AMINO)‐1,4‐BENZODIAZEPIN‐2‐ONES
Authors: GATTA F. , DEL GUIDICE M. R. , SETTIMJ G.
Published: April 2016

3‐Hydroxy‐ benzodiazepin‐2‐on (I) wird mit Amino‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholen (II) in die 3‐Aminobenzodiazepinone (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: ANALYTICAL DATA AND SYNTHESIS OF IMPORTANT 3‐HYDROXY‐5‐PHENYL‐1,4‐BENZODIAZEPIN‐2‐ONE DERIVATIVES
Authors: EBEL S. , SCHUETZ H.
Published: April 2016

Das Benzodiazepinon (I) läßt sich mit m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure (II) zum N‐Oxid (III) oxidieren, das sich mit Acetanhydrid zur Acetoxyverbindung (IV) umlagert.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUROTROPIC AND PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS. CXXXI. NONCATALEPTIC POTENTIAL NEUROLEPTICS: 2‐METHYL‐10‐(4‐(2‐HYDROXYETHYL)PIPERAZINO)‐10,11‐DIHYDRODIBENZO(B,F)THIEPIN
Authors: VALENTA V. , JILEK J. , POMYKACEK J. , DLABAC A. , VALCHAR M. , METYS J. , PROTIVA M.
Published: April 2016

Aus der Benzoesäure (I) und Thiophenol (II) wird das Phenylmercapto‐Derivat (IIIa) dargestellt, das über den Alkohol (IIIb), das Chlorid (IIIc) und das Nitril (IIId) in die Phenylessigsäure (IIIe) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME CYANO‐, AMIDO‐ AND CARBOXYBORANE ADDUCTS OF AMINES AND DIAMINES
Authors: SPIELVOGEL B. F. , HARCHELROAD F. JUN. , WISIAN‐NEILSON P.
Published: April 2016

Durch Reaktion der entsprechenden Aminhydrochloride mit NaBH3CN in THF bei 65°C werden die Addukte (I) und (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: HIGH SYN SELECTIVITY OF A S(E)‐REACTION: ACYLATION OF AN OPTICALLY ACTIVE 1,1‐DISILYL‐2‐ALKENE
Authors: WETTER H. , SCHWERER P. , SCHWEIZER W. B.
Published: April 2016

Reaktion des Hydrolyseproduktes des Thioacetats (IIb) [erhältlich aus (IIa)] mit dem Bromid (Ib) [erhältlich aus (Ia)] gibt das optisch aktive Sulfit (III), das in ein trennbares Diastereomerengemisch des Disilanderivats (V) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS. PART 125. A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF IODOTRIMETHYLSILANE AND ITS USE IN THE PREPARATION OF SILYLKETENES
Authors: SAKURAI H. , SHIRAHATA A. , SASAKI K. , HOSOMI A.
Published: April 2016

Hexamethyldisilan (I) wird durch Iod zu Iodtrimethylsilan (II) gespalten, das als Reagens für Ether‐ und Esterspaltung hervorragend geeignet ist.
ChemInform Abstract: HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS. VII. THE CATALYSIS OF ISOPRENE HYDROSILYLATION USING METAL ATOMS
Authors: CORNISH A. J. , LAPPERT M. F. , MACQUITTY J. J. , MASKELL R. K.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung von Isopren (I) mit Hydrosilanen (II) in Gegenwart von cokondensierten Metalldämpfen wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: THE FACILE SILYLATION OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES USING TRIMETHYLSILYL IODIDE: AN EXCEPTIONALLY SIMPLE PROCEDURE FOR THE GENERATION OF THERMODYNAMICALL EQUILIBRATED TRIMETHYLSILYL ENOL ETHERS
Authors: MILLER R. D. , MCKEAN D. R.
Published: April 2016

Carbonylverbindungen werden mit Iodtrimethylsilan (II) und Hexamethyldisilazan zum thermodynamisch bestimmten Gemisch der Silylenolether umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: MEDIUM‐SIZED ORGANOMETALLIC DERIVATIVES. IX. TRANSANNULAR NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION IN ORGANOSILICON AND ORGANOGERMANIUM ELEVEN‐MEMBERED RINGS
Authors: MAZEROLLES P. , FAUCHER A. , BETEILLE J.‐P.
Published: April 2016

Das Silacycloundecanol (I) und die entsprechende Germaniumverbindung reagieren mit Olahs Reagens (HF‐Pyridin) in einer transannularen Substitutionsreaktion am Heteroatom unter Spaltung einer intracyclischen Heteroatom‐Kohlenstoff‐Bindung zu den Fluorverbindungen (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS. LXXI. SILAPARACYCLOPHANE
Authors: BIRKOFER L. , STUHL O.
Published: April 2016

In erwarteter Weise verläuft die Umsetzung von (I) mit (II) zu Bis‐(trimethylsi1oxy)‐Verbindungen 127 (III), wie auch (IV) das erhoffte Cyclophan (V) und nicht Polymere liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: DIHALOCARBENE CYCLOADDITION TO 1‐SILACYCLOHEXA‐2,4‐DIENE. 4(5)‐SILABICYCLO(4.1.0)HEPT‐2‐ENE
Authors: MAERKL G. , HOFMEISTER P. , SCHIESSL R.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Silacyclohexadienen (I) erhält man mit den Dihalogen‐ carbenen (II) die Addukte (III) bzw. (IV) sowie (V) bzw. (VI) je nach der Struktur in unterschiedlichen Anteilen.
ChemInform Abstract: FOUR‐ AND FIVE‐MEMBERED PHOSPHORUS HETEROCYCLES. 36. 1,3‐DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITIONS TO AZAPHOSPHOLES AND AZAPHOSPHOLINES
Authors: SCHMIDPETER A. , VON CRIEGERN T.
Published: April 2016

Anders als acyclische Phosphinimide geben die zum Fünfring geschlossenen Azaphosphole (IV) und Azaphospholine (VIII) mit aus Benzohydroximoylchlorid (II)/Triethylamin gebildetem Phenylnitriloxid bzw. mit Mesitylnitriloxid (III), mit aus dem Hydrazonoylchlorid (V) gebildetem Diphenylnitrilimin und den Nitronen (XI) und (XII) die stabilen, meist kristallin isolierbaren [3+2]‐Cycloaddukte (I), (VI), (VII), (IX), (X) oder (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOPENTADIENYL COMPLEXES OF TETRAVALENT ARSENIC AND ANTIMONY
Authors: JUTZI P. , KUHN M.
Published: April 2016

Aus (I) erhält man die Organo‐Arsen‐ und ‐Antimonverbindungen (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF ARYLLEAD(IV) TRICARBOXYLATES. SYNTHESIS
Authors: BELL H. C. , KALMAN J. R. , PINHEY J. T. , STERNHELL S.
Published: April 2016

Verschiedene Synthesen für Aryl‐Pb‐tricarboxylate wie (II), die als Arylierungsreagenzien Bedeutung haben, werden mitgeteilt, in bezug auf ihre Anwendbarkeit untersucht und diskutiert Die Derivate (IIa) entstehen z.B. durch direkte Plumbierung von Toluol, Biphenyl oder Thiophen mit Pb‐tetraaoetat (I) in Gegenwart von Tri‐ bzw. Dichloressigsäure.
ChemInform Abstract: FURTHER STUDIES ON THE PHOTOLYSIS OF FERROCENYL ETHERS IN METHANOL
Authors: BAKER C. , HORSPOOL W. M.
Published: April 2016

Die Photolyse der Ferrocenylether (I) in Methanol liefert die Produkte (II)‐(IV), die sich aus a‐ Ferrocenyl‐Freien Radikalen und α‐Ferrocenylcarbokationen bilden.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF 3‐FERROCENYL‐1‐P‐METHOXYPHENYLPROP‐1‐ENE
Authors: BAKER C. , HORSPOOL W. M.
Published: April 2016

Die UV‐Bestrahlung des Ferrocenylpropens (I) in Methanol liefert das Propan (II) und die Methoxy‐ produkte (IIIa) und (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: RELATIVE STABILITIES OF α‐PHENYL AND α‐FERROCENYL VINYL CARBOCATIONS. 2
Authors: KAUFMAN D. , KUPPER R. , NEAL T.
Published: April 2016

Aus Ferrocenyl‐acetylen (Ia) entsteht das Cu‐Salz (Ib), das zum p‐Methoxyphenyl‐ Derivat (II) substituiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF OXYGENATED COBALT(II) COMPLEXES. X. 1,4,7,10‐TETRAAZADECANECOBALT(II) AND 4,7‐DIMETHYL‐1,4,7,10‐TETRAAZADECANECOBALT(II) AS DIOXYGEN CARRIERS
Authors: MAECKE H. , ZEHNDER M. , THEWALT U. , FALLAB S.
Published: April 2016

Die Oxygenierung der Titelkomplexe in wäßriger Lösung lieferte die Verbindungen (I), bei denen acht geometrische Isomere möglich sind.
ChemInform Abstract: COORDINATION, OLIGOMERIZATION AND TRANSFER HYDROGENATION OF ACETYLENES BY SOME RUTHENIUM AND OSMIUM CARBOXYLATO COMPLEXES: CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF
Authors: DOBSON A. , MOORE D. S. , ROBINSON S. D. , HURSTHOUSE M. B. , NEW L.
Published: April 2016

Ohne Ausbeuteangaben und präparative Einzelheiten wird die Umsetzung der Hydride (I) mit internen (II) bzw. endständigen Acetylenen (IX) beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: DICARBONYLRHODIUM(I) COMPLEXES OF POLYPYRROLE MACROCYCLES. PART 3. SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF COMPLEXES OF N‐METHYLCORROLES, N‐METHYLPORPHYRINS, AND ACYCLIC POLYPYRROLES
Authors: ABEYSEKERA A. M. , GRIGG R. , TROCHA‐GRIMSHAW J. , KING T. J.
Published: April 2016

Durch Reaktion von Di‐μ‐chloro‐bis‐[dicarbonylrhodium] mit N(21)‐Methylcorrol in Na‐acetathaltigem CHCl3 liefert einen monomeren Dicarbonylrhodium‐Komplex (Ia), dessen Struktur durch Röntgenuntersuchungen (Raumgruppe P21/n, Z=4) gesichert ist.
ChemInform Abstract: BINUCLEAR COMPLEXES OF 1,4‐DIAZA‐3‐METHYLBUTADIEN‐2‐YLPALLADIUM(II) DERIVATIVES WITH PALLADIUM(II) AND PLATINUM(II) CHLORIDES
Authors: CROCIANI B. , NICOLINI M. , MANTOVANI A.
Published: April 2016

Aus (I) und (II) erhält man die Komplexe (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ISOFLAVONOIDS OF THE BARK OF DIPTERYX ODORATA WILLD. (AUBL.)
Authors: NAKANO T. , ALONSO J. , GRILLET R. , MARTIN A.
Published: April 2016

Die Isoflavone Dipteryxin (Ia) und Odoratin (Ib) wurden isoliert.
ChemInform Abstract: CONSTITUENTS OF OSMANTHUS ABSOLUTE. PART 6. THE (7S,10S,5E)‐ AND (7R,10S,5E)‐2,6,10‐TRIMETHYL‐7,10‐EPOXY‐2,5,11‐DODECATRIENES
Authors: KAISER R. , LAMPARSKY D.
Published: April 2016

Die Strukturen (V) bzw. (VIII) der aus Osmanthus isolierten Sesquiterpenoidoxide werden durch 1H‐, 13C‐NMR‐ und durch Synthese bestätigt.
ChemInform Abstract: FUNCTIONALIZATION OF TRANS‐DECALIN. III. A STEREOSPECIFIC PREPARATION OF VICINAL CIS TWO METHYL GROUPS OF EREMOPHILANE SKELETON, LEADING TO DL‐DEHYDROFUKINONE
Authors: TORII S. , INOKUCHI T. , YAMAFUJI T.
Published: April 2016

Kondensation der Komponente (I) mit Butadien gibt ein Gemisch der Isomeren (IIa)+(IIb); mit Na‐methylat wird (IIa) vollständig zu (IIb) isomerisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION OF LAC RESIN. PART 14. MODEL ESTERS RELATED TO LAC RESIN
Authors: SUBRAMANIAN G. B. V. , MAJUMDAR U. , NUZHAT R. , MAHAJAN V. K. , GANESH K. N.
Published: April 2016

Dimethylshellolat (I) bzw. ‐2‐epi‐shellolat (IV) reagiert mit dem Anhydrid (II) bevorzugt an der C‐13‐OH‐Gruppe unter Bildung der Ester (III) bzw. (Va) (Hauptprodukt; daneben (Vb) und (Vc)).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF DILITHIOOXIMES WITH EPOXIDES: A NOVEL ROUTE TO 1,4‐DIKETONES AND ITS APPLICATION TO DIHYDROJASMONE SYNTHESIS
Authors: BELLASSOUED M. , DARDOIZE F. , GAUDEMAR M.
Published: April 2016

Das aus dem Oxim (I) durch Lithiierung und Umsetzung des Dilithiooxims mit Propylenoxid (II) gebildete qr‐Hydroxyoxim (III) liefert nach der Abspaltung des Oximrestes und anschließende Corey‐Oxidation das Diketon (V).
ChemInform Abstract: SANTOLINOLIDE B ((2R,3S,4S)‐4‐HYDROXY‐2,5‐DIMETHYL‐3‐VINYL‐5‐HEXENOIC ACID LACTONE). A NEW IRREGULAR MONOTERPENE FROM ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA TRIDENTATA
Authors: EPSTEIN W. W. , GAUDIOSO L. A.
Published: April 2016

Im Zusammenhang mit Untersuchungen an den vier Stereoisomerenpaaren (I) werden Zwischenstufen der Art (III) aus (II) bzw. (IV) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: PROSTAGLANDIN PRODRUGS. III: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF C9‐ AND C15‐MONOESTERS OF DINOPROST (PROSTAGLANDIN F2α)
Authors: MORONZOWICH W. , OESTERLING T. O. , MILLER W. L. , LAWSON C. F. , CORNETTE J. C. , WEEKS J. R. , DOUGLAS S. L.
Published: April 2016

Der Bis‐tetrahydropyranylether (I) läßt sich mit Carbonsäureanhydriden (II) oder Carbonsäurechloriden (III) zu den Acyloxycarbonsäuren (IV) verestern, mit Essigsäure/Wasser werden die Tetrahydropyranschutzgruppen zu den freien Dihydroxy‐9‐acyloxycarbonsäuren (V) abgespalten.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON STEROIDS. PART CXXXXVII. SYNTHESIS OF EPIMERIC 2‐D1‐5β‐PREGNANE‐3,11,20‐TRIONES
Authors: IKEGAWA S. , HINO Y. , SUNAGAWA M. , NAMBARA T.
Published: April 2016

Das Diacetoxy‐pregnenon (I) wird über (II) und (III) in die Olefine (IV) und (V) umgewandelt, von denen (IV) über das Epoxid (VI) in nur schlechter Ausbeute isoliert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON STEROIDS. PART CXXXXV. SYNTHESIS OF CONJUGATED CHOLESTEROL AND CHOLESTANOLS
Authors: GOTO J. , SUZAKI K. , NAMBARA T.
Published: April 2016

Aus (I) entstehen mit den entsprechenden Halogenzuckern in Toluol und in Gegenwart von Cadmiumcarbonat die Verbindungen (II), die zu (III) verseift werden.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYPEPTIDES. PART 17. AMINOXY‐ANALOGS OF ASPARTAME AND GASTRIN C‐TERMINAL TETRAPEPTIDE AMIDE
Authors: BRIGGS M. T. , MORLEY J. S.
Published: April 2016

Die L‐Aminoxypropionsäure (IIIb) läßt sich ausgehend von D‐Phe (Ia) über die Stufen (Ib) und (IIIa) (isoliert als Dicyclohexylammoniumsalz) darstellen [nachfolgende Veresterung zu (IIIc)]; ähnlich wird, ausgehend von L‐Phe (IV) , das (IIIb)‐D‐Isomere (Va) bzw. sein Ester (Vb) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: A GENERAL METHOD FOR FORMYLATING SENSITIVE AMINO ACID ESTERS
Authors: CHEN F. M. F. , BENOITON N. L.
Published: April 2016

Ameisensäure (I) wird mit dem löslichen Carbodiimid‐hydrochlorid (II) ins Anhydrid (III) übergeführt und anschließend mit Aminosäureesterhydrochloriden (IV) in Gegenwart von N‐Methylmorpholin zu N‐Formylaminosäureestern (V) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: BRANCHED‐CHAIN SUGARS. XVII. STEREOSELECTIVITY IN THE OXIDATION OF SEVERAL METHYL 4,6‐O‐BENZYLIDENE‐2‐C‐ OR ‐3‐C‐METHYLENE‐α‐ AND ‐β‐D‐HEXOPYRANOSIDES WITH M‐CHLOROPERBENZOIC ACID
Authors: YOSHIMURA J. , SATO K. , FUNABASHI M.
Published: April 2016

Die stereoselektive Persäure‐Oxidation der 3‐O‐Methyl‐2‐ C‐methylen‐Zucker (I) liefert die Spiroepoxide (IIa), (IIb), (IIc) + (IIIa) bzw. (IId) + (IIIb); aus den 2‐O‐Methyl‐3‐C‐methylen‐Zucker (IV) werden die Epoxide (V) + (VI) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF UNSYMMETRICAL 1,4‐DIETHERS OF BUTADIENE. A READY ACCESS TO NORMAL AND ETHER‐TYPE DISACCHARIDES WITH THE β‐GULO‐CONFIGURATION
Authors: DAVID S. , EUSTACHE J.
Published: April 2016

Die Wittig‐Reaktion des dem Salz (I) entsprechenden Phosphorans mit demAldehyd (II) in Gegenwart von Iodidionen und überschüssiger Base liefert ein Gemisch der Diene (IIIa)+(IIIb), von denen (IIIa) durch Cycloadditionsreaktion mit dem Glyoxylat (IV) die drei Dihydropyrane (Va) + (VIa) + (VIIa) gibt.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF O‐VINYL GLYCOSIDES AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION INTO C‐BRANCHED SUGARS
Authors: COTTIER L. , REMY G. , DESCOTES G.
Published: April 2016

Die Photolyse der (4‐Oxopentyl)‐D‐glykoside (I) und (III) in Benzol führt zu den O‐Vinyl‐glykosiden (II) und (IV), von denen (IV) beim Erhitzen auf 150‐170°C in einer Claisen‐Umlagerung 3‐Formylmethyl‐pyranose (V) bildet.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF 2,5‐ANHYDRO DERIVATIVES IN THE ZEMPLEN DEACETYLATION OF ACETYLATED SUGAR FORMAZANS
Authors: MESSMER A. , PINTER I. , ZSOLDOSNE M. V. , NESZMELYI A.
Published: April 2016

Die acetylierten D‐Galactose‐diphenylformazane (I) cyclisieren bei der Entacetylierung mit einem 10%igen Überschuß an Natriummethylat zu Anhydrozuckerformazanen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEIC ACID COMPONENTS AND THEIR ANALOGS. CC. PREPARATION OF 9‐(β‐D‐RIBOFURANOSYL)‐2‐HYDROXYPURINE
Authors: HOLY A.
Published: April 2016

Cytosin (I) liefert nach Nitrierung und Hydrierung das Aminocytosin (II), das mit Orthoformiat das Purin (III) bildet.
ChemInform Abstract: 7‐(β‐D‐ARABINOFURANOSYL)PYRROLO(2,3‐D)PYRIMIDIN‐4(3H)‐ONE ‐ THE 7‐DEAZA DERIVATIVE OF THE ANTIVIRAL NUCLEOSIDE ARA‐H
Authors: LUEPKE U. , SEELA F.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung (VI) wird ausgehend vom Methylmercapto‐pyrrolopyrimidinol (I) dargestellt, in dem vor der Glycosidierung mit dem D‐Arabinofuranosylbromid (III) die 4‐OH‐Gruppe als Verknüpfungsposition durch Überführung in eine Methoxy‐Gruppe (IIb) ausgeschaltet wird.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYNUCLEOTIDES. LIII. SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF 2′‐AZIDO‐2′‐DEOXYADENYLYL‐(3′‐5′)‐2′‐AZIDO‐2′‐DEOXYADENOSINE
Authors: IKEHARA M. , TAKATSUKA Y. , UESUGI S.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von (I) werden die Verbindungen (III) und (IV) dargestellt, die zu (V) kondensieren.
ChemInform Abstract: CONVENIENT PREPARATION OF 5′‐CHLORO‐2′,5′‐DIDEOXYADENOSINE
Authors: BEACHAM L. M. III
Published: April 2016

Mit überschüssigem Thionylchlorid erhält man aus T‐Desoxy‐adenosin (II) die Dichlor‐Verbindung (I), während mit einer geringeren Menge an Thionylchlorid über das Sulfit (III) bei der Zersetzung mit wäßrigem Ammoniak das Monochlorderivat (IV) entsteht, das auch aus (II) mit Triphenylphosphin/Tetrachlorkohlenstoff zugänglich ist.
ChemInform Abstract: HELENANOLIDES: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF DL‐BIGELOVIN
Authors: GRIECO P. A. , OHFUNE Y. , MAJETICH G.
Published: April 2016

Es wird eine Totalsynthese für d,l‐Bigelovin (I) beschrieben, in deren Verlauf dem Hydroazulenon (II) eine Schlüsselrolle zukommt.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME AROMATIC COMPOUNDS FROM THE MARINE SPONGE PLAKORTIS HALICHONDRIOIDES
Authors: RAVI B. N. , ARMSTRONG G. W. , FAULKNER D. J.
Published: April 2016

Die Inhaltsstoffe (I)‐(IV) des Mecresschwammes Plakortis holochondrioides werden isoliert und identifiziert.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS OF VITAMIN D3. PART 3. SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF THE SULFUR DIOXIDE ADDUCTS OF (5Z)‐ AND (5E)‐VITAMIN D3
Authors: REISCHL W. , ZBIRAL E.
Published: April 2016

Umsetzung von Vitamin D3 (I) mit flüssigem SO2 bei ‐40 °C oder mit einer SO2‐gesättigten Wasserphase bei 20°C führt zu den Addukten (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS USING 2‐FLUORO‐1,3,5‐TRINITROBENZENE. SYNTHESES OF THYROTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE AND LEUCINE‐ENKEPHALIN
Authors: KINOSHITA H. , INOMATA K. , MIYANO O. , KOTAKE H.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung (I) ist ein brauchbares Kondensationsmittel für die Peptidsynthese.
ChemInform Abstract: 2β‐HYDROXYMETHYL PENICILLIN
Authors: SPRY D. O.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Disulfid (I) entsteht mit Chloressigsäure und Silberacetat ein Gemisch der Cyclisierungsprodukte (II)‐(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: CRITERIA FOR EFFICIENCY, STABILITY, AND CAPACITY OF AN ABIOTIC PHOTOCHEMICAL SOLAR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
Authors: SCHARF H.‐D. , FLEISCHHAUER J. , LEISMANN H. , RESSLER I. , SCHLEKER W. , WEITZ R.
Published: April 2016

Review: Die Anwendung einfacher photochemischer Reaktionen zur Speicherung von Solarenergie in Form chemischer Energie metastabiler Produkte ist vielfach in Erwägung gezogen worden, um beispielsweise "einfache Thermosolartechniken" zu ergänzen und weiterzuentwickeln.
Bayesian regression models adjusting for unidirectional covariate misclassification
Authors: Xia Michelle , Gustafson Paul
Published: April 2016

In this article we consider unidirectional covariate misclassification, meaning that the direction of classification error is known. We investigate the identifiability of Bayesian regression models when a binary covariate is subject to unidirectional misclassification. In the Bayesian framework we consider whether knowledge of the direction of error suffices, so that adjustment for misclassification can be undertaken without any source of information on the magnitude of error. Although measurement error models are generally non‐identified without such information, for the case of unidirectional misclassification, we do obtain model identifiability when the response variable is non‐binary. For the binary response model that is non‐identified we examine the extent of partial identification. The limiting posterior distributions of the parameters are obtained for this partially identified model, for two different prior distributions. We perform computational studies that illustrate statistical learning, for the three cases where the model is easily identified, weakly identified, and partially identified. A case study is performed using real data. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 44: 198–218; 2016 © 2016 Statistical Society of Canada
Age, Gender, and Race‐Based Coronary Artery Calcium Score Percentiles in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA‐Brasil)
Authors: Pereira Alexandre C. , Gomez Luz M. , Bittencourt Marcio Sommer , Staniak Henrique Lane , Sharovsky Rodolfo , Foppa Murilo , Blaha Michael J. , Bensenor Isabela M. , Lotufo Paulo A.
Published: April 2016

Background

Coronary artery calcium (CAC) has been demonstrated to independently predict the risk of cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality, especially among White populations. Although the population distribution of CAC has been determined for several White populations, the distribution in ethnically admixed groups has not been well established.

Hypothesis

The CAC distribution, stratified for age, gender and race, is similar to the previously described distribution in the MESA study.

Methods

The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA‐Brasil) is a prospective cohort study designed to investigate subclinical cardiovascular disease in 6 different centers of Brazil. Similar to previous studies, individuals with self‐reported coronary or cerebrovascular disease and those treated for diabetes mellitus were excluded from analysis.

Results

Percentiles of CAC distribution were estimated with nonparametric techniques. The analysis included 3616 individuals (54% female; mean age, 50 years). As expected, CAC prevalence and burden were steadily higher with increasing age, as well as increased in men and in White individuals. Our results revealed that for a given CAC score, the ELSA‐derived CAC percentile would be lower in men compared with the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and would be higher in women compared with MESA.

Conclusions

In our sample of the Brazilian population, we observed significant differences in CAC by sex, age, and race. Adjusted for age and sex, low‐risk individuals from the Brazilian population present with significantly lower CAC prevalence and burden compared with other low‐risk individuals from other worldwide populations. Using US‐derived percentiles in Brazilian individuals may lead to overestimating relative CAC burden in men and underestimating relative CAC burden in women.
Trends in the Burden of Adult Congenital Heart Disease in US Emergency Departments
Authors: Agarwal Shikhar , Sud Karan , Khera Sahil , Kolte Dhaval , Fonarow Gregg C. , Panza Julio A. , Menon Venu
Published: April 2016

Background

We assessed trends in incidence, in‐hospital mortality, and admission among patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) presenting to the emergency department (ED) from 2006 to 2012.

Hypothesis

There is a considerable burden of ACHD in the US EDs.

Methods

We used the 2006–2012 US Nationwide Emergency Department Sample. All ED visits with ACHD were identified using standard International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification codes.

Results

The number of patients presenting to the ED with simple (40.6%) as well as complex (37.6%) ACHD across 2006–2012 increased significantly. Also, there was a considerable increase in prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors among ACHD patients, including hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and chronic kidney disease. Besides miscellaneous noncardiovascular conditions, nonspecific chest pain (15.9%) and respiratory disorders (15.0%) were the most common reasons for ED visits among patients with simple and complex ACHD, respectively. Although there was a trend toward decrease in admissions across 2006–2012 (Ptrend < 0.001), the proportion of patients with ACHD presenting to ED requiring admission remained substantial (63.4%). Finally, there was significant variation in admission trends across different geographic locations, hospital types, insurance status, and ED volume among ACHD patients presenting to the ED.

Conclusions

There has been a progressive increase in number of ED visits among ACHD patients across 2006–2012 in the United States. Moreover, the cardiovascular risk‐factor profile of ACHD patients has changed, adding to complexity in management. Current health care delivery to ACHD patients also shows significant geographical, hospital‐based, and insurance status–based disparities.
Pregnancy‐related pharmacokinetic changes
Authors: Tasnif Y , Morado J , Hebert MF
Published: April 2016

The pharmacokinetics of many drugs are altered by pregnancy. Drug distribution and protein binding are changed by pregnancy. While some drug metabolizing enzymes have an apparent increase in activity, others have an apparent decrease in activity. Not only is drug metabolism affected by pregnancy, but renal filtration is also increased. In addition, pregnancy alters the apparent activities of multiple drug transporters resulting in changes in the net renal secretion of drugs.
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin over High‐Surface‐Area Mesoporous Aluminosilicates: Effect of Porosity and Acidity
Authors: Custodis Victoria B. F. , Karakoulia Stamatia A. , Triantafyllidis Kostas S. , van Bokhoven Jeroen A.
Published: April 2016

Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of lignin with amorphous mesoporous aluminosilicates catalysts yields a high fraction of aromatics and a relatively low amount of char/coke. The relationship between the acidity and porosity of Al‐MCM‐41, Al‐SBA‐15, and Al‐MSU‐J with product selectivity during lignin CFP is determined. The acid sites (mild Brønsted and stronger Lewis) are able to catalyze pyrolysis intermediates towards fewer oxygenated phenols and aromatic hydrocarbons. A generalized correlation of the product selectivity and yield with the aluminum content and acidity of the mesoporous aluminosilicates is hard to establish. Zeolitic strong acid sites are not required to achieve high conversion and selectivity to aromatic hydrocarbon because nanosized MCM‐41 produces a high liquid yield and selectivity. The two most essential parameters are diffusion, which is influenced by pore and grain size, and the active site, which may be mildly acidic, but is dominated by Lewis acid sites. Nanosized grains and mild acidity are essential ingredients for a good lignin CFP catalyst.
Osteoclast‐Like Giant Cell Tumor of the Parotid Gland: Report of a Case Diagnosed on Fine‐Needle Aspiration Cytology With Histological and Immunohistochemical Findings
Authors: Elhence Poonam , Rao Meenakshi , Goyal Amit , Kumar Amit , Khera Pushpinder S. , Bhattacharya Shilajit
Published: April 2016

Extraosseous giant cell tumors have been described in organs like larynx, thyroid, pancreas, heart, skin, lung, colon, kidney, and soft tissues (Wu et al., Oncol Lett 2013;6:829–832). Osteoclast‐like giant cell tumor of the parotid gland has been reported only rarely with the first description of primary giant cell tumour of the parotid gland (GCTPs) given in 1984 by Eusebi et al. (Am J Clin Pathol. 1984;81:666–675). However, FNAC of osteoclast‐like giant cell tumor of the parotid gland has not been well described, and only one case has been reported till date (Torabinezad et al., Acta Cytol. 2006;50:80–83). Two presentations have been observed in the form of either an isolated giant cell tumor (Eusebi et al., Am J Clin Pathol. 1984;81:666–675) or tumor associated with a carcinomatous component (Yang et al., Korean J Pathol 2012;46:297–301; Pasricha et al., J Can Res Ther 2013;9:314–316). GCTPs are uncommon benign soft tissue tumors with a malignant potential. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:548–551. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytomorphology of Recurrent Osseous Extracranial Meningioma of Right Pubic Ramus:
Authors: Bokhari Aqiba , Hibshoosh Hanina , Tiscornia‐Wasserman Patricia G.
Published: April 2016

Meningiomas are well‐recognized neoplasms of the central nervous system. Primary extracranial meningiomas (ECMs) are extremely rare and arise in various anatomic sites. We present a 56‐year‐old female with 13‐year history of primary grade I meningothelial meningioma of right pubic symphysis, orthotopic heart transplant, and right total hip arthroplasty, who presented with progressive right hip pain for 3 weeks. Primary intracranial, intraspinal and other tumors were excluded. Imaging revealed a destructive lytic lesion at right superior and inferior pubic rami and body, associated with extensive bone destruction and soft tissue mass. Touch imprint (TI) cytology of computed tomography (CT)‐guided core biopsy from the right pubic ramus (PRA) lesion showed a spindle cell neoplasm, with classical syncytial, lobular, and whorling cellular arrangement, composed of spindle, oval or round nuclei with occasional pseudoinclusions, consistent with known history of osseous meningioma. Tumor was further characterized by histopathology as grade 1 meningioma with meningothelial features. To our knowledge, primary osseous ECM arising specifically at the PRA has not been reported previously. ECM at this site may pose a diagnostic challenge for cytologists as its features may resemble other more commonly observed lesions. Accurate diagnosis requires awareness of occurrence of ECM at PRA and recognition of its characteristic cytomorphology. TI cytological features of our case are presented and previously described cytology of ECMs and diagnostic pitfalls are reviewed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:618–622. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mucinous Balls Tangled With Mesothelial Cells and MUC2‐Positive Cancer Cells in the Ascites of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Authors: Akashi Shizuka , Kuwabara Hiroko , Yasuda Emi , Akutagawa Hiroshi , Takeshita Atsushi , Kurisu Yoshitaka , Egashira Yutaro , Hirose Yoshinobu , Yuki Masako , Tsuda Yasuhiro , Hayashi Michihiro
Published: April 2016

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is characterized by extensive mucinous ascites following rupture of mucinous neoplasms of an intra‐abdominal origin, and contain secreted gel‐forming mucins such as MUC2 and MUC5AC. We encountered a 66‐year‐old Japanese man complaining of abdominal distension. Ascites at the site was gelatinous upon gross examination, and needle aspirate smears showed histiocytes and many mucinous balls wrapped in spindle cells, which were positive for vimentin, pan‐cytokeratin, and podoplanin. The cell block showed several adenocarcinoma clusters, which were positive for MUC2, MUC5AC, CK20, and CDX‐2, and negative for CK7. From these findings, a diagnosis of PMP arising from colon cancer was indicated. Cytoreductive surgery was performed, and the cystic diverticulum was found to be infiltrated by tumor cells in the sigmoid colon that caused PMP. Mucinous balls surrounded by mesothelial cells and MUC2‐positive adenocarcinoma cells are useful clues in the diagnosis of PMP. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:628–631. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seismic performance factors for moment frames with steel‐concrete composite columns and steel beams
Authors: Denavit Mark D. , Hajjar Jerome F. , Perea Tiziano , Leon Roberto T.
Published: April 2016

Steel‐concrete composite moment frames have been shown to be an effective alternative for use as the primary seismic force‐resisting system of building structures. However, little data are available to justify the structural system performance factors (i.e.,R,Cd, and Ωo) given in codes to characterize the overstrength and ductility of these systems. Reasonable values for these factors are vital for successful seismic design. Based on a suite of new finite element formulations, this work investigates the behavior of composite special moment frames under seismic loading and develops rational system performance factors according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency P695 methodology. A set of archetype frames, selected to be representative of the range of frames seen in practice, were designed according to current design specifications. Nonlinear static pushover and dynamic response history analyses were performed on the frames to generate the statistical data on the seismic response from which the performance factors are quantified. The results from this investigation enable a better understanding of the variability in collapse performance of composite frame systems and will facilitate more effective designs of these systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Miniature circulatory systems: A new exposure system for ecotoxicological effect assessments in riverine organisms
Authors: Feiner Mona , Beggel Sebastian , Geist Juergen
Published: April 2016

Long-term effect assessments in ecotoxicological investigations are important, yet there is a lack of suitable exposure systems for these experiments that can be used for riverine species. A cost-efficient miniature circulatory system was developed that was evaluated for its applicability in long-term exposures in 2 stream-dwelling species: brown trout (Salmo trutta) and an amphipod (Gammarus roeseli). In an egg-to-fry exposure of S. trutta, the toxicity of 2 reverse osmosis concentrates was investigated as examples. Control hatching rate of yolk sac fry was 75 ± 7% and thus complies with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development validity criterion (≥66%). The reverse osmosis concentrates did not impair the hatching rate in any tested concentration. In G. roeseli, mortality rates remained below 20% during a 21-d cultivation, fulfilling the common validity criterion in ecotoxicological testing. Mortality was significantly lower when the species was fed with conditioned alder leaves instead of an artificial shrimp food. Finally, a toxicity test on G. roeseli using copper as the test substance revealed median lethal concentration (LC50) values of 156 μg/L after 96 h and 99 μg/L after 264 h, which is in line with literature findings using other accepted exposure units. In conclusion, the miniature circulatory system provides a novel and cost-efficient exposure system for long-term investigations on riverine species that may also be applicable for other species of fishes and macroinvertebrates. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2827–2833. © 2016 SETAC
An Object‐Oriented Regression for Building Disease Predictive Models with Multiallelic HLA Genes
Authors: Zhao Lue Ping , Bolouri Hamid , Zhao Michael , Geraghty Daniel E. , Lernmark Åke ,   The Better Diabetes Diagnosis Study Group
Published: April 2016

Recent genome‐wide association studies confirm that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes have the strongest associations with several autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), providing an impetus to reduce this genetic association to practice through an HLA‐based disease predictive model. However, conventional model‐building methods tend to be suboptimal when predictors are highly polymorphic with many rare alleles combined with complex patterns of sequence homology within and between genes. To circumvent this challenge, we describe an alternative methodology; treating complex genotypes of HLA genes as “objects” or “exemplars,” one focuses on systemic associations of disease phenotype with “objects” via similarity measurements. Conceptually, this approach assigns disease risks base on complex genotype profiles instead of specific disease‐associated genotypes or alleles. Effectively, it transforms large, discrete, and sparse HLA genotypes into a matrix of similarity‐based covariates. By the Kernel representative theorem and machine learning techniques, it uses a penalized likelihood method to select disease‐associated exemplars in building predictive models. To illustrate this methodology, we apply it to a T1D study with eight HLA genes (HLA‐DRB1, HLA‐DRB3, HLA‐DRB4, HLA‐DRB5, HLA‐DQA1, HLA‐DQB1, HLA‐DPA1, and HLA‐DPB1) to build a predictive model. The resulted predictive model has an area under curve of 0.92 in the training set, and 0.89 in the validating set, indicating that this methodology is useful to build predictive models with complex HLA genotypes.
The Disposable Author: How Pharmaceutical Marketing Is Embraced within Medicine's Scholarly Literature
Authors: Matheson Alastair
Published: April 2016

The best studies on the relationship between pharmaceutical corporations and medicine have recognized that it is an ambiguous one. Yet most scholarship has pursued a simpler, more saleable narrative in which pharma is a scheming villain and medicine its maidenly victim. In this article, I argue that such crude moral framing blunts understanding of the murky realities of medicine's relationship with pharma and, in consequence, holds back reform. My goal is to put matters right in respect to one critical area of scholarly interest, the medical journal publication.

Pharma relies on peer advocacy to sell its wares to prescribing doctors. This is an arrangement in which clinicians’ qualified colleagues, including “key opinion leaders,” are recruited by pharmaceutical corporations and marketing agencies to deliver commercially expedient content to their professional fellows. Precisely how this practice works in the setting of publications is not well understood because ethicists studying the problem have made too much of the narrative of corporate villainy and medical victimhood. Accordingly, criticism of industry publications has been preoccupied with the crudely dishonest practices of ghostwriting, ghost authorship, and “ghost management,” vices condemned as “dirty little secrets” perpetrated from “behind the scenes” with the connivance of academic “shills” or “guest authors,” in contempt of standards set by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. This account is appealing, and yet it is wrong or, at the very least, seriously incomplete, with only limited relevance to the actualities of contemporary industry practices. In truth, many commercial publications are not developed in secret but fashioned within a culture of open collaboration, where academic authors make substantial, independent contributions; pharmaceutical companies are showcased rather than hidden; and medicine's editorial standards assist rather than impede the workings of commerce.
Neurologic late effects associated with radiologic evidence of vertebral osteoradionecrosis after salvage laryngectomy: A syndrome associated with survivors of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Rosko Andrew J. , Spector Matthew E. , Griffin Garrett R. , Vainshtein Jeffrey M. , Lee Jae , Bradford Carol R. , Prince Mark E. P. , Moyer Jeffrey S. , Worden Francis P. , Eisbruch Avraham , Chepeha Douglas B.
Published: April 2016

Background

Delayed nonspecific posterior neck pain after pharyngeal instrumentation can be associated with a syndrome of rapidly progressive neurologic embarrassment. We present this cohort to help define the syndrome and aid in early detection.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective case series of 6 patients presenting from 2003 to 2012 with a history of laryngeal or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who underwent radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by salvage laryngectomy.

Results

Posterior neck and upper back pain developed a mean of 27.5 days after instrumentation of the pharynx (reconstruction after laryngectomy or pharyngeal dilation). Myelopathy developed an average of 21.5 days after the onset of posterior neck pain. Five patients required urgent decompression. Three patients developed quadriplegia. The disease‐specific mortality was 50%.

Conclusion

There is a syndrome of late neurological effects after RT, salvage surgery, and pharyngeal instrumentation that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1187–1193, 2016