bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Score For Allergic Rhinitis And Total Nasal Symptoms Score In Individual With Suspected Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Zulfakri Abdullah Mohd Hatimul Muqsit , Ferryan Sofyan
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Allergic Rhinitis is a symptom disorder that mainly occurs in the nasal, induced after exposure to allergens and causes inflammation of the nasal mucosa mediated by Immunoglobulin E. Data quoted from the American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology shows that 10-30% of the world’s population is affected by allergic rhinitis and still increasing in numbers. To screen and evaluate the severity of allergic rhinitis with ease, two questionnaires have been formed, namely Score For Allergic Rhinitis and Total Nasal Symptoms Score. Goal. To identify the relationship between Score For Allergic Rhinitis and Total Nasal Symptoms Score in individual with suspected allergic rhinitis. Methods. This study uses a descriptive analytic research method with a cross-sectional study approach. The sample individual was selected using a non-probability sampling technique, namely purposive sampling with a sample size of 95 people. Results. Using Spearman Correlation Test, a significant relationship was found (p = 0.000) and a correlation coefficient value shows (p = 0.535) there is a strong relationship between these two questionnaires. Conclusion. There is a strong and positive relationship between Score For Allergic Rhinitis and Total Nasal Symptoms Score questionnaire in patients with suspected allergic rhinitis
Relationship Between Stress Level Of USU Medical Faculty Students With The Primary Headache During Online Lecture
Authors: Nasution Afra Meutia , Haflin Soraya Hutagalung
Published: May 2023

. Background.COVID19 has made lectures turn online. This sudden change can cause stress for students. Stress levels in students are ranging from mild, moderate, to severe stress. There are few symptoms of stress experienced by these students and headache is one of the common forms of stress. Primary headaches show a very high prevalence rate in college students and psychological conditions are the most triggering factors for tension headaches in college students. Aim. This study aims to determine the association between the stress level of USU Medical Faculty students with primary headaches during online lectures.Method. The study used observational analytical methods by design cross-sectional study. The sample was 262 students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra who met the inclusion criteria. The data used is primary data that will be obtained from questionnaires filled out online through the application Line, WhatsApp and Instagram.Results. Of the 77 respondents, 48 ​​were female (62.3%), and 29 were male (37.7%). There are 42 students who experience primary headaches, and 27 suffer from moderate stress, 9 mild stress and 6 severe stress. In the chi-square test, there is a significant association between stress levels and primary headaches with a value of p=0.010 (p<0.05).Conclusion. There is an association between the stress level of USU Medical Faculty students and primary headaches during online lectures.
Relationship between Allergic Rhinitis to Quality of Life of Students of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara Batch 2018
Authors: Delinda Anna , Andrina Rambe
Published: May 2023

Background:

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) with symptoms such as runny nose, sneezing, nasal congestion, with or without itchy nose. Although allergic rhinitis is not a dangerous disease, this disease has an impact on decreasing the quality of life of the sufferer which can interfere with daily activities. Objective: This study use to determine the relationship between allergic rhinitis and quality of life among students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, batch 2018. Methods: This study used an observational analytical method with a cross-sectional study approach. The research sample was determined by simple random sampling technique and used two questionnaires, namely SFAR to assess allergic rhinitis and SF 36 to assess quality of life. Results: Based on the study, the number of allergic rhinitis sufferers from 72 students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, batch 2018, 38 students suffering from allergic rhinitis. The results of data analysis using the Chi Square statistical test showed that there was a significant relationship between allergic rhinitis and quality of life, p (p value) of 0.001 (p <0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between allergic rhinitis and quality of life in 2018 students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Maskne in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: S. Az-Zahra  , N. K. Jusuf
Published: May 2023

The necessity to always use a mask in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to a new term called maskne. Maskne is the appearance of acne that is triggered by wearing a mask. It usually occurs specifically in the area covered by the mask, focused on the cheeks, chin, and nose. This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with the occurrence of maskne. A cross-sectional study was conducted on the Faculty of Medicine students, Universitas Sumatera Utara class 2018. This study uses primary data from questionnaires and observation of respondents' face photos. Based on statistical analysis, 99 out of 221 respondents (44.8%) experienced maskne. Bivariate analysis shows p-values <0.05  for gender, duration of mask use, and previous acne history. On the other hand, it was obtained p-value >0.05 for the type of mask and mask changing habit. Based on multivariate analysis, the p-value <0.05 for gender indicates that gender is the most dominant risk factor in the incidence of maskne. Furthermore, there is a significant association between gender and the occurrence of maskne. Females are twice as likely to experience maskne.
Identifikasi Soil Transmitted Helminths Pada Tanah Peternakan Domba di Desa Manggis Kecamatan Serbajadi Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai
Authors: Tesalonika Natasya Cornelia , Yoan Carolina Panggabean  , Merina Panggabean  , Nindia Sugih Arto
Published: May 2023

Background. More than one and a half million of whole world population are infected by Soil Transmitted Helminths. The most common types of Soil Transmitted Helminths found in human are Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Hookworm (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale). Soil Transmitted Helminths infections are usually found on individuals with poor personal hygiene, low socioeconomic status, and high risk occupations, such as sheep farmer. Sheep farming in Indonesia is generally a small-scale farm with modest technology. Livestock herding on the pasture may cause the livestock to consume Soil Transmitted Helminths-contaminated grass. Soil is the medium for the maturing of Soil Transmitted Helminths fertilized egg into infective form. Modest handling aspect and poor sanitation allow Soil Transmitted Helminths to be found in farm soil. Aim. To identify Soil Transmitted Helminths in the soil of a sheep farm in Manggis Village, Serbajadi District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. Method. This observational descriptive study was conducted with cross-sectional approach. 100 of soil samples were collected per 8 square meters through quota sampling from a sheep farm in Manggis Village, Serbajadi District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. The data was collected by carrying out flotation technique in laboratory. Result. Findings showed that Soil Transmitted Helminths eggs were discovered in 17 (17%) out of 100 samples. Hookworm eggs were found in 14 samples (14%), Ascaris lumbricoides eggs were found in 5 (5%) samples, which 2 (2%) samples of both were double findings of Hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides. Conclusion. There are Soil Transmitted Helminths in soil of the sheep farm in in Manggis Village, Serbajadi District, Serdang Bedagai Regency.
Correlation Between Blue Light Exposure On Digital Devices Screens and Sleep Quality of Students In The Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatra Utara Class 2019
Authors: Lubis Muhammad rizki zaini
Published: May 2023

The use of information and communication technology facilities such as cellphones, laptops, computers, and other information facilities is really needed, we knew that increasingly sophisticated digital device has so many features contained in it, such as games, internet, social media and others. With this advanced feature we can overcome problems such as loneliness, boredom, and problems that may reduce a person's productivity. However, the digital device does not only have the positive side, one of the negative sides it has is the blue light emitted from the screen of the device. From several previous studies it was noted that blue light has an impact on sleep quality, as we already know sleep quality is one of the foundations of health. Aim. The aim is to determine the relationship between blue light exposure on digital device screens and sleep quality, Knowing the level of blue light exposure and sleep quality of medical faculty students at the Universitas Sumatera Utara class 2019. Methods. This research is an analytical study with a cross-sectional design, namely a type of research in which the measurement of the variables is carried out simultaneously at one time. Results. Of the 150 study subjects, there were 64% women, 36% men. Age, 1.3% were 19 years old, 18.7%were 20 years old, 58% were 21 years old, 20% were 22 years old, 2% were 23 years old. Blue light exposure, bad 94%, good 6%. Sleep quality, bad 87.3%, good 12.7%. The relationship between blue light exposure and sleep quality obtained p value <0.001 and coefficent r is 0.663. Conclusion, there is significant relationship between blue light exposure on digital screen divice and sleep quality of student of the faculty medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, class 2019.
Knowledge and Behavior of Tembung Village Community about Sunscreen to Prevent Melanoma
Authors: Ali M. Fakhri
Published: May 2023

Indonesia is one of the tropical countries in the world that is illuminated by the sun all year round. High sun exposure requires Indonesian people to be more concerned about skin protection. This is also supported by Indonesia's ultraviolet (UV) index which is classified as a very high hazard risk category, which is 8-10. The risk factors for melanoma is exposure to UV radiation so melanoma can be prevented by reducing exposure to UV rays, one of them by using sunscreen. The use of sunscreen with SPF 15+ every day can reduce the risk of developing melanoma by 50%. This study aims to obtain information about the level of knowledge and behavior of people in Tembung about the use of sunscreen to prevent melanoma. The research design used is descriptive research using a cross-sectional study. The Data was obtained through the distribution of online questionnaires with 100 people. Furthermore, the data obtained will be processed using SPSS. 41 people had sufficient knowledge about melanoma, 67 people had less knowledge about sunscreen, and 38 people had good behavior. Most of people in Tembung have sufficient knowledge about melanoma, lack knowledge about sunscreen, and have a good behavior in using sunscreen.
ASSOCIATION OF MULTIPLE TRAUMA REFERRAL DISTANCE WITH MORTALITY IN H. ADAM MALIK GENERAL HOSPITAL MEDAN
Authors: Nasution Ahmad Akbar , Irsyam OK Ilham Abdullah , Siregar M. Hidayat
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Introduction: The increasing distance from the location of the trauma to the trauma center can cause an increase in mortality. The farther the distance from the trauma center, the higher the mortality of trauma patients due to motor vehicle accidents. Geographical variations in care may contribute to the effect of the relationship between distance and mortality in trauma patients. This study wanted to determine the relationship between multiple trauma referral distances and mortality based on ISS at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. Methods: The study design was an analytic study with the independent variable being the patient's referral distance and the dependent variable being the predictor of mortality in multiple trauma. The approach used in this research design is a retrospective approach where the data taken are data that have existed before. Results: The mean age of the patients was 31.08 ± 17.820 years. Most of the patients were male, most died, and the average referral distance was 79.67 ± 63,244 km. The majority of the ISS scores were 16. The relationship between referral distance and death in the hospital has a P value of < 0.05 Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between multiple trauma patients' referral distance and hospital mortality.
a SPEECH DELAY DUE TO EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE DISORDER WITH NORMAL HEARING: CASE REPORT
Authors: Anzib Safarianti , Kurnia Benny , Siagian Karina Witari Ayu
Published: May 2023

A method is required in communication to provide information to one another, including the capacity to comprehend and create communications. Language is a mental analysis of communication that includes both receptive language (understanding) and expressive language (ability to convey feelings, information, thoughts and ideas). Language disorders can appear when speaking and language development does not occur in accordance with age milestone. Anamnesis, physical examination, and supporting examinations, including an audiometric examination, revealed normal findings. Auditory growth is closely related to brain development, with the brain developing significantly until the age of three years, affecting linguistic functions.
Objective: To be able to find out how appropriate treatment should be for patients with language disorders with normal hearing examination results.
Case Report: A child aged 2 years and 8 months was diagnosed with expressive language disorder, considering that his history, physical exams, and OAE, BERA, and ASSR tests were all normal.
Method: PubMed, medline, other manual searches.
Result: OAE, BERA, ASSR with normal hearing results according to the case in this patient.
Conclusion: Expressive language disorder occurs when a child is unable to articulate or explain the substance of his opinions and ideas verbally according to his age, and OAE, BERA, and ASSR have all been tested with normal findings. This is necessary to prevent speech and language problems and to allow cognitive, social, and scholastic skills to function properly. To enhance communication and get an improved prognosis, speech treatment and child psychologist advice should be explored.
SUBACCUTE TOXICITY YELLOW FLOWER EXTRACT (Cananga odorata) ON HISTOPATHOLOGY OF WHITE RAT HEART (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Mani Suresh , Keumala Sari Dina
Published: May 2023

Background: The inflammatory process is influenced by chemical mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, and arachidonic acid metabolites. Currently, herbal treatment techniques are preferred by the public because they generally do not cause side effects. The therapeutic effect of herbal plants comes from the content of phytochemicals that have strong antioxidant activity. Objective of the study was to examine the phytochemical content and anti-inflammatory effects of Cananga odorata. Methodology: this research is a two-stage research, namely in vitro and in vivo tests. Many previous studies have proven that anti-inflammatory activity is not only related to antioxidant activity but also its ability to suppress the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This effect is still being developed using a variety of herbal plants. One of the plants whose effects have not been studied in the field of health-medicine is ylang flower. Cananga odorata (Annonaceae) or ylang flower plant is a tropical plant that has fragrant petals and thrives without requiring special care. Results of the study were total phenol 1,06 %w/w and antioxidant IC50 DPPH by spectrophotometric examination was 808.86 ppm. These results do not show good antioxidant activity of ylang flower extract. Research in rats showed a decrease in blood glucose levels but not in lipid profiles. Furthermore, the toxicity test did not show any toxicity in experimental rats. Histological appearances showed no differences in cardiovascular disease model mice with standard-feeding mice. Conclusions: Cananga odorata ethanol extract did not showed any toxicity on histopatology on white rat heart.
Concept Optimization Crime Prevention through Environment Design (CPTED)) in the Effort of Preventing Conditional Violations: A Case Study at Purwokerto Prison
Authors: Rahayu Mulyani
Published: May 2023

Without a safe and orderly condition in prison, all activities, both coaching, care, and guidance, will not run smoothly. There are frequent violations of discipline committed by convicts, such as mobile phones, extortion, and drugs (halinar) in Purwokerto prison, so the authors take the formulation of the problem of how to use the concept of Crime Prevention Through Environment Design (CPTED) as a security strategy to prevent convict violations in Purwokerto Prison and what are the obstacles in implementing it. This thesis aims to find out how the CPTED concept is applied and its constraints in Purwokerto prison. This study uses the CPTED theory from C. Ray Jeffery with a descriptive qualitative approach and data collection from interviews, observation, and literature studies. There are six principles to apply the CPTED concept: territoriality, surveillance, access control, target hardening, image and management, and activity control. In its implementation, Purwokerto Prison also encountered obstacles such as the quality and quantity of human resources, differences in theory and its application in the field, unfavorable geographical location, ineffectiveness of CCTV, and regular patterns of officers that inmates can read.
Editorial
Authors: Mohammad Al Thani Khaled
Published: May 2023

فإن الوقف حياة للخيّرين، يُبقي أجرهم على مر السنين، وذكرهم على ألسنة صدق في الآخرين، وروح للأمة ونهضتها، ومقياس حضارتها، يستمد من أصوله الثابتة، ويمد يديه بالخيرات اليانعة. ومع تطور الزمان، وما يحويه من نوازل لم تكن في الحسبان، وتغير الحاجات والأدوات، والشروط والرغبات، بل ما يمكن حبسه، وتسبيله وجَرْيه، سارع العلماء بجهودهم الفردية والجماعية، ومن أنيط بهم الأمر من الجهات الحكومية، إلى مواكبة المستجدات، والاستفادة من الإمكانيات، وانطلاقًا من ذلك قامت الإدارة العامة للأوقاف بوزارة الأوقاف والشؤون الإسلامية، بإنشاء مركز للدراسات الوقفية، تنبثق منه مشاريع ومبادرات متنوعة، ومنها المجلة العلمية المحكمة، والتي تعنى بنشر البحوث العلميَّة المحكمة الخاصَّة بالوقف وما يتصل به من أحكام الماليَّة الإسلامية، والعمل الخيري؛ لتكون مرجعًا للباحثين والمختصّين، ومساهمةً في النهضة الوقفية على المستوى العالمي، وقد اشتمل الإصدار الأول للمجلة على أربعة بحوث، تناولت موضوعات حيوية بيّن الأول منها "الوقف والاستدامة (دراسة في النشأة والتشكل)" ارتباط الوقف بمفهوم الاستدامة والعلاقة بينهما، ليؤصل البحث الثاني "المعايير المحاسبية للوقف ـ دراسة مقارنة" المعايير الواجب اتباعها لضمان استدامة الوقف وشرط الواقف ومقارنتها بالمعايير المحاسبية العالمية، ليضرب البحث الثالث "الوقف على تطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي: مشروعيته، ضوابطه، أولوياته المقاصدية" مثالاً لأحد المستجدات العالمية العصرية، مع تأكيد البحث الرابع "استكشاف التفاعلات بين الأوقاف والبيانات الرقمية" على ضرورة ألا تحل البيانات الرقمية محل التفاعلات في النظم البيئية الطبيعية التي ساهمت الأوقاف في استدامتها على مرّ القرون. وإذ تقدّم الإدارة العامة للأوقاف باكورة أعداد مجلتها المحكمة، تتمنى أن تكون إضافة نوعية للمكتبة الإسلامية والمكتبة الوقفية بما تشتمل عليه من موضوعات، وبما ستنشره خلال مسيرتها التي انطلقت بهذا الإصدار. متوجهة بالشكر الجزيل إلى الهيئة الاستشارية والتحريرية وكل من شارك في هذا العمل. داعية أهل الاختصاص إلى المشاركة بأبحاثهم مساهمة في إحياء سنة الوقف ودوره الحضاري والإنساني.
Al Waqf and Sustainalbility (A study of (their) emergence and manifestation)
Authors: Al-Ani Osama
Published: May 2023

يحتاج تحديد وجه العلاقة بين الوقف والاستدامة إلى كثير من البحث والنقاش، فالوقف- كسّنة نبوية- لابدّ أنْ يتمتَّع بصفات ومزايا ينفرد بها. ويسعى البحث إلى بيان تميُّز الوقف على الاستدامة من خلال مناقشة العلاقة بينهما، وهذا ما يمثل مشكلة البحث. أما أهمية البحث فتنبع من خلال الدور الذي باتت تتمتع به الاستدامة في عصرنا الحالي، فالمؤسَّسات الدولية تطالب بها وتضع المعايير والأهداف لتحقيقها، والدول تضع الرؤى والخطط الإستراتيجية للنهوض بها، وبالتزامن مع ذلك فإنَ الوقف الإسلامي منذ عقودٍ قليلة بات يشهد صحوة تؤهله لممارسة دوره الفاعل في المجتمع، فكلٌّ من الوقف والاستدامة يمارسان دورًا إيجابيًّا يحرص على ديمومة المجتمع والنهوض به. وقد توصّل البحث إلى أنَّه على الرُّغم من عدم تناول تسمية الاستدامة من قبل فقهاء المسلمين، إلّا أن حقيقة الفعل كانت حاضرة في الوقف وفي أركانه وفي مقاصده، مما أهّله أن يمارس دوره الاقتصادي والاجتماعي ويؤدى وظيفته. كما تبين أن الوقف يسهم من خلال حقيقته في توفير الاستدامة البيئية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية. الكلمات المفتاحية: الوقف، الاستدامة، التنمية المستدامة، معايير الاستدامة.
Accounting standards for Waqf - a comparative study
Authors: Mahdi Basheer
Published: May 2023

يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على مدى أهمية المعايير المحاسبية للوقف، وتطورها، وميزات معيار محاسبة الوقف للأيوفي وأوجه تطويره؛ ولتحقيق هذا الهدف اعتمد الباحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. وقد أظهر البحث سبق معيار محاسبة الوقف للأيوفي كأول معيار مستقل لمحاسبة الوقف الإسلامي، وتميزه بمراعاته للمبادئ والأحكام الشرعية الخاصَّة بالوقف، ومن أهمها مبدأ تأبيد الوقف، وعنايته بتقييم أداء المؤسسة الوقفية ومدى وفائها بشروط الواقف، وتعزيز مستوى العرض والإفصاح، واهتمامه بالإفصاح عن مخاطر استدامة حقوق الوقف. وقد أوصت الدراسة بالعمل على تطوير معيار محاسبة الوقف للأيوفي من خلال: إصدار إطارٍ مفاهيميٍ مستقلٍ خاصٍ بالمؤسَّسات الوقفية، وعمل دليلٍ استرشاديٍ للمعيار لتسهيل تطبيقه، وتحديد نطاق تطبيق المعيار بين الأوقاف الصغيرة والكبيرة، وإصدار قوائم مالية استرشادية مع نماذج لحالات تطبيقية وإرفاقها بالمعيار، وإلزام المؤسَّسات الوقفية بالإفصاح عن مكافآت (أجرة) أعضاء مجلس النظارة وكبار التنفيذيين ضمن الإيضاحات المالية. وإلزامها بالإفصاح عن أي تعديلات على صك الوقفية ضمن الإفصاحات العامة في قائمة المركز المالي. والاستفادة من الجوانب التي غطاها معيار محاسبة المنشآت غير الهادفة للربح ل (السوكبا) كتلك المتعلقة بتفصيل معالجة التبرعات. مع الاهتمام بالتواصل المستمر مع ذوي الاختصاص من التنفيذيين والأكاديميين لاستقبال ملاحظاتهم حول تطبيق المعيار ومقترحات تطويره. الكلمات المفتاحية: المعايير المحاسبية، الوقف، محاسبة الوقف، معيار محاسبة الوقف الأيوفي، معيار المحاسبة المالية (37) التقرير المالي للمؤسَّسات الوقفية، معايير محاسبة المنشآت غير الهادفة للربح، الأيوفي، السوكبا.
MODELING SIZE-DENSITY RELATIONSHIP AND THINNING REGIME FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF TECTONA GRANDIS STANDS IN ADO TEAK PLANTATION, EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Clement Segun A.
Published: May 2023

Tectona grandis is used for sawn timber, poles, cutting boards, indoor flooring, as a veneer for indoor finishing, medicinal products and shade in Ijan community. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the limits of the possible maximum density the stands can sustain that would lead actions to control competition and growing space. A total of thirty (30) temporary sample plots of 400 m2 in an even-aged stands of the plantation was laid. Density, quadratic mean diameter, height diameter and volume models were processed and estimated. The results showed that model one (1) of the H-D, model three of the volume and the stochastic frontier half normal (SF HN) model had the lowest selection indices, therefore, were selected as the grand and suitable models for proper management of the plantation. The stochastic frontier half normal (SF HN) model was apt to raise Reineke’s model parameters and applied to predict the stand density index. The stand density index allowed the simulation of thinning regime for the stand and suggested the best management strategies to optimize the growing space and the redistribution of growth of the remaining trees. These tools are keys for decision making when proposing cutting intensities in thinnings that prepare the plantation for the final harvest. The thinning regime should be specific for each stand, depending on its quadratic mean diameter and the number of trees per hectare, as well as the type of products to which the trees are to be removed.
THE POTENTIAL OF Azadirachta indica (NEEM TREE) LEAVES FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION USING Zymomanas mobilis AS FERMENTING ORGANISMS
Authors: Ruwa Abdulhamid Musa Ruwa , Grace A. F. , Hafsah M. A. , Kaltum U. M. , Ali A. A. , Adeboye M. M. , Musa I. , Falmata B. M. D. , Usman A. B. , Hauwa M. A. , Hosea S. H. , Aisha L. K.
Published: May 2023

Bioethanol is a renewable energy produced from lignocellulosic biomass mainly by the fermentation process. It is used as an alternative to fossil fuel which doesn’t contribute to global warming. This research work was carried out to determining the potential of Neem tree leaves for bioethanol production. The process used in this study include pretreatment, hydrolysis fermentation and distillation. Hot water and Acid methods were used for the pretreatment. The hydrolysis of the substrate was carried out using Aspergillus niger for five days.  Benedict test method was used to determine the reducing sugar concentration of the hydrolysate. The highest yield of 1500-2000 (mg/dl) was obtained equally for both the pre-treatment method. After hydrolysis, fermentation process was carried out for seven days using Zymomonas mobilis to ferment the hydrolysate. The fermented broth was separate using fractional distillation. Acid potassium dichromate was used to determine the concentration of the bioethanol produced. The results obtained shows that liquid hot water pretreatment produced the highest yield of 0.294±0.882 (mg/L) whereas alkaline method produced 0.282±.882 (mg/L) yield. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy analysis was also carried out to determine the presence of volatile compounds in the bioethanol produced. The highest volatile compound was Ethanol with 33.12% where Butyl Glycol was found to be least volatile compound with 6.22%. This result shows that Neem tree leaves is a good biomass for bioethanol production and pretreatment using Hot water method produced more bioethanol than Alkaline method of pretreatment.
NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMEN METABOLITE PROFILE CONCENTRATION OF GROWING YANKASA RAMS FED BRACHIARIA MULATO II BASE TOTAL MIXED RATION AT DIFFERENT PERCENT BODY WEIGHT
Authors: Ahmed S. A. , Abdu S. B. , Amodu J. T. , Hassan M. R. , Ishiaku Y. M. , Salisu S. G. , Hassan R. , Sani R. T.
Published: May 2023

Twenty (20) apparently healthy growing Yankasa rams with a mean initial live weight of 20-21kg±0.5kg were used for 120 days feeding and 21 days digestibility trials to was carried out to determine nutrient digestibility and rumen metabolites profile of growing Yankasa rams. The animals were grouped into four with five animals each in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and randomly allocated to four treatments. The treatments were 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0% body weight. The DM (88.38%), CP (89.70%), NDF (74.54%) and ADF (77.63%) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in animals fed 4% body weight. OM (87.27%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher at 3.0% body weight, but EE (90.14%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in animals fed 3.5% body weight. Nutrient digestibility showed significant variation (P<0.05) across the treatments. Rumen pH was within the normal range (6.77-6.87). TVFA (Total volatile fatty acid) (24.67 Mmol/100ml) at 0hours was significantly (P<0.05) higher in animals fed 3.5% body weight while Rumen Ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) (63mg/lt) at 4 hours of sampling was significantly (P<0.05) higher with animals fed 4% body weight. Therefore, it was concluded that feeding Brachiaria Mulato II based total mixed ration at 4% body weight increased Dry matter digestibility by 88.38% and Crude protein digestibility by 89.70% respectively. Livestock farmers are encouraged to feed Brachiaria Mulato II based total mixed ration at 60:40 ratio for improved utilization and normal rumen function.
ONLINE CLEARANCE SYSTEM
Authors: Adamu A.
Published: May 2023

Each year, many institutions churn out number of graduating student that must be cleared by different unit through a process called clearance. The traditional method of clearance involves student to physically visits clearance offices; student affairs, bursary, library, sports and registry department to get endorsed for clearance. The traditional method of clearance is time consuming, requires graduating student to physically visit various offices and some key staff may not be available at the time of visit and there is possibility of duplication or loss of data. Thus, the developed online clearance system overcomes the drawback to the traditional method of clearance. The online clearance system was developed using Windows 7 Operation System (OS) as development environment, MySQL for database design, Hypertext Pre-Processor (PHP) for the overall programming and Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) couple with Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) for the Graphical User Interface (GUI). A total of 150 student and 50 staff were used to evaluate the developed system for usability, convenience of service delivery and accessibility with 88.1%,89.8% and 95.3% cumulatively affirming that the system is usable, convenient in terms of service delivery and accessible in delivery effective and efficient clearance in a timely manner.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION ON THE POTENTIALS OF SHEEP RUMEN CONTENTS FOR BIOGAS GENERATION
Authors: Kaltum U. M. , Hafsah M. A. , Ruwa Abdulhamid Musa Ruwa , Grace A. F. , Ali A. A. , Adeboye M. M. , Musa I. , Falmata B. M. D. , Usman A. B. , Hauwa M. A. , Hosea S. H. , Abubakar B. T.
Published: May 2023

Biogas refers to a gas produced by the biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. It is as a clean biofuel produced by microorganism during anaerobic digestion of organic matter. The study was carried out to determine the potentials of sheep rumen contents for biogas production through anaerobic digestion. Proximate analysis was carried out on the substrate. The results shows that nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus have 0.58 ± 0.02 (mg/ml), 425 ± 5.00 (mg/ml), and 2.57 ± 0.03 (mg/ml) respectively. After proximate analysis, four (4) local digesters with capacity of 500g tins were designed and used for the collection of gas via passage pipe systems. The digesters were used to digest the slurry (mixture of Sheep rumen content and water) which were mixed in the ratio of 2:1 for a period of eight weeks (56 days) retention time until the biogas reduced significantly. The pH values of the slurries were adjusted to neutral. The digesters were stirred thrice daily to avoid scum formation in the digesters and allow for easy escape of gas produced. The total average yield of the gas produced were 820 cm3, 1070 cm3, 780 cm3, and 660 cm3 for D1, D2, D3, and D4 respectively. Isolation of Microorganisms were caried during the production where B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus were found.  Biogas production from organic wastes which is an eco-friendly, which helps to solve most countries energy crisis.
SPECIATION, MOBILITY AND POTENTIAL TOXICITY OF METALS (CR, CO, CU AND MN) IN SOIL SAMPLES FROM DUMPSITES IN KANO METROPOLIS
Authors: Alhaji Adamu Yahaya , Olaleye A. A.
Published: May 2023

Soil pollution by heavy metals is a global environmental problem. The need to keep the environment clean is increasingly becoming a global concern. Heavy metals are one group of pollutants that are widespread in our environment. They tend to persist indefinitely once they enter the soil. Their mobility and toxicity depend on their forms and oxidation states in the soil. This research presents the speciation, mobility and potential toxicity of Cr, Co, Cu and Mn in soils from some dumpsites in Kano, using a six-step sequential extraction method and AAS analysis. The results revealed the pH of the soils to range from 6.20-7.80. Percentage composition of clay and organic matter ranged from 6.00-16.58 % and 0.48- 4.30 % respectively. The results showed that the metals are bioavailable at different forms evident from their distribution pattern in the different fractions and therefore the soils should not be used for cultivation to avoid the metals getting into the food chain. The mobility factor values ranging between 14.38 % and 61.48 % for dry season; 15.63 % and 74.74 % for rainy season showed the metals to be very mobile especially Co, Cu, and Mn. This could lead to potential pollution of the agricultural produce and ground water in this area and hence have toxic effects on human lives. This result can serve as a guide to researchers on the appropriate method to reclaim the soils in this area based on the pattern of distribution of the metals in different geochemical phases.
Dampak Motivasi Investasi, Literasi Keuangan, dan Lingkungan Keluarga Terhadap Minat Investasi Anak Milenial
Authors: Ryandana Addo , Hermuningsih Sri , Sari Pristin Prima
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of investment motivation, financial literacy, and family environment on millennial children's investment interest. The research method uses quantitative. The population in this study were millennial children aged 20-40 years. The sample used in this study were 100 employees. The sampling technique is based on 25 times the number of variables used, namely 3 independent variables and 1 dependent variable. The tests used in this research are validity, reliability, normality, heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity, multiple linear regression analysis, partial test, simultaneous test, and coefficient of determination test. The results showed that the investment motivation variable partially had a positive and significant effect on millennial children's investment interest, but the financial literacy and family environment variables partially had no significant effect on investment interest. Simultaneously, the variables of investment motivation, financial literacy, and family environment have a positive and significant effect on millennial children's investment interest
The Effect of Using Bamboo Dancing Cooperative Learning Strategy Towards Student English Speaking Skill in Senior High School 3 Jambi City
Authors: Gita Yozi Sonor , Ismiyati Yanti
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect or not there was any effect of using Bamboo Dancing Cooperative Learning towards Student English Speaking Skill. The problem in this study referred to the learning strategy English speaking skills. The study was conducted at the MIPA 6 and MIPA 7 in senior high school. The population of the study was 71 student in the second semester of MIPA 6 and MIPA 7. The sample of this study was all of the 36 is MIPA 6, 22 female and 14 male students. The types of the data were quantitative. The data were obtained by using tell the recount text from the picture to test the speaking of students, and analyzed by using manual effect analysis with speaking table score, oral proficiency scoring categories. Furthermore based on statistical compulation t-test was found that the coefficient of  = 4,05 where the coefficient of = 1,994. It means that there significant effect of using bamboo dancing method toward students’ english speakig skill. It also indicated that there significant effect of using Bamboo Dancing Cooperative Strategy Towards Students English Speaking Skill in Senior High School 3 Jambi City in 2020-2021 Academic Year.Keywords: Speaking, Bamboo Dancing, Cooperative Learning Strategy
Analisis Daya Tampung Waduk Sebagai Pengendali Banjir di Kawasan Sungai Wanggu
Authors: Maladeni Eva Safitri , Patricia Nelam
Published: May 2023

Reservoir Boulevard is part of the flood control system in the city of Kendari, like other areas in Indonesia. Wanggu Reservoir is located in Lepo Lepo Village, Baruga District, Kendari City. The reservoir has a storage volume of 267.142m3. danluas DAS wanggu 348,75 km2. This flood control reservoir functions to accommodate flood overflow from the Wanggu River when it rains with high intensity. So in this study to determine the capacity of the reservoir capacity from year to year, a design rain analysis was carried out with return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 years. It is necessary to analyze the design rainfall to find out whether the reservoir can reduce flooding for up to 100 years or not. In the rain analysis this plan uses the log person type III method and the flood discharge analysis uses the Rational Method. From the research results, it was found that the flood discharge with a return period of 100 years is 9,670m3/the.
Incidencia de la coordinación en los fundamentos técnicos del fútbol en la categoría sub-10
Authors: Muñoz Ochoa Lenin Darío , Vargas Cuenca Gilbert Mauricio , Carlos Marcelo
Published: May 2023

La coordinación es la base sensomotriz y los fundamentos técnicos del fútbol, es de suma importancia que dichas capacidades se desarrollen a tempranas edades dentro de las etapas formativas puesto que son el pilar fundamental para la correcta ejecución dentro de esta práctica deportiva de tal forma que contribuya con futuros talentos deportivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la incidencia de la coordinación en los fundamentos técnicos del fútbol en la categoría sub-10. Este tipo de investigación tiene un diseño de tipo no experimental, alcance descriptivo y corte transversal con enfoque mixto. La población de estudio se conformó por 25 deportistas. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que, en referencia a la coordinación en general, ésta se encuentra en valores deficientes catalogados como malos. La aplicación de los distintos test arroja valores negativos. En cuanto al test de precisión de pase, conducción y precisión de remate se ubica en el escalafón de malo existiendo un bajo nivel en su desarrollo necesarios para una correcta ejecución de los fundamentos técnicos de fútbol en relación con la precisión de pase, conducción y precisión de remate. Se propone emplear ejercicios que se encaminen a fortalecer de forma lúdica, atendiendo aspectos de relevancia como la edad cronológica de los jugadores; a fin, de lograr mejoría en cuanto a sus capacidades motrices; y, por ende, en los fundamentos técnicos de fútbol.
Opioids in Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: Basu Manash Kumar
Published: May 2023

Abstract not available
JBSA 2017; 30(1): 1-3
Comparison of Ketamine and Fentanyl with Propofol for Procedural Sedation and Analgesia for Dilatation and Curettage
Authors: Ershad Reza , Hossain Md Mozaffor , Maruf Abdullah Al , Nazrina Sayeda
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Dilatation and curettage (D&C) is a common procedure that generally causes considerable pain and usually done under procedural sedation and analgesia. Propofol is an ideal intravenous anaesthtic agent for short interventional procedure like D&C but lack of analgesia remains it’s main shortcoming therefore it is always combined with an analgesic. Ketamine and fentanyl are the popular analgesic in this context.
Objectives: This prospective clinical study was designed to evaluate to compare propofol ketamine combination versus propofol fentanyl combination in respect of hemodynamics and recovery time for procedural sedation and analgesia in patients undergoing D&C.
Methods: This prospective randomized study was performed on 100 patients who underwent elective D&C procedure. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups of fifty each: group PK received propofol 2mg/kg + ketamine 1mg/kg for induction and propofol 4mg/kg/hr + ketamine 1 mg/kg/hr for maintenance anesthesia, group PF received propofol 2 mg/kg + fentanyl 2 ìg/kg for induction and propofol 4 mg/kg/hr + fentanyl 1ìg/kg/hr for maintenance of anesthesia. The pulse rate, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures and peripheral oxygen saturation were recorded. Recovery times, side effects of sedation were also recorded.
Results: Demographic data were found similar in two groups. There were no significant differences in heart rate, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure in all time intervals among groups except there was statistically significant fall in systolic blood pressure after induction in PF group (P=0.005). Recovery time was statistically significant increase in Group PK compared to Group PF (p=0.004). There were no significant differences among groups in regard to side effects.
Conclusion: Propofol ketamine and propofol fentanyl had similar hemodynamic stability without any important side effects for procedural sedation and analgesia in patients underwent D&C but propofol ketamine had longer recovery time.
 JBSA 2017; 30(1): 14-20
Occurrence and Effect of Hypomagnesemia in Patients Suffering from Guillain-Barre Syndrome in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Rahman AKM Ferdous , Reza Syed Tariq , Asaduzzaman Muhammad , Satter Kamrun , Akter Salma , Salim Md , Rahman M Abdur
Published: May 2023

Background: Predicting patient outcome is an important component of patient care in the critical care units. It has a vital importance to the intensivists. Because it allows the planning of early aggressive therapeutic interventions, optimum resource allocation and appropriate counseling of the family as well as the patient. So the intensivists have developed a number of prognostication tools for the patient admitted to ICU for above purpose. The two widely adopted systems to predict mortality are the Acute Physiology Assessment Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE2) & Simplified Acute Physiology Score(SAP).Though useful, these tools are complex & require input of a large number of variables derived from patients history, physical examination & initial laboratory data. In several studies, it has been shown that serum magnesium level has great effect on mortality & morbidity in critically ill patient. But there is no study to observe the effect of hypomagnesium on the outcome of GBS in ICU.
Methods and materials: A prospective observational study in the intensive care unit of DMCH from January 2014 to December 2015. Thirty patients admitted to the ICU with suspected GBS requiring intensive care for more than at least 2 days with age more than 18 years were included. A blood sample was collected for estimation of serum total magnesium level on the day of admission to ICU. Finally all collected data were tabulated and analysed using standard statistical methods by SPSS version 17 for Windows. The Chisquare test was applied to correlate hypomagnesemia & normomagnesemia with the outcome.
Result: Total numbers of patients were thirty. 40% of patient had been suffering from hypomagnesemia. 40% patient needed mechanical ventilation.The mean length of mechanical ventilation days were higher in hypomagnesemic patients than normomagnesemic with were 17.66±8.40 vs 12.05±3.68 days. The mean length of ICU stay were 20.50(±9.48) days in hypomagnesemia and 14.22(±3.33) days in normomagnesemics. 33.33% patient had hyponatremia,58.33% patient had hypokalemia,50% patient had hypocalcemia. 50% patients with hypomagnesemia had sepsis. :Mortality rate in hypomagnesemic patients were 80% that were 20% in normomagnesemia.
Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia has played a pivotal role in prediction of mortality and morbidity in GBS. So hypomagnesemia can be used as a prediction tool for patient suffering from GBS in ICU.
JBSA 2017; 30(1): 21-26
Comparison of Cardiovascular Status Between Pre- Induction Period and The Different Positions of Anaesthetized Patients in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Anisur , Hossain Moinul , Hoque AKM Faizul , Banik Debabrata
Published: May 2023

The laparoscopic cholecystectomy nowadays is the method of choice for treatment of patients with cholelithiasis. This surgery involves different types of positioning of the anaesthetized patient. Our study was planned to compare the haemodynamic changes between the pre-induction period with the different positions of the anaesthetized patients during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Thirty two (32) female patients of ASA physical status - 1 & 11, aged between 18 to 55 years, scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia, were enrolled in the study. All the patients were medicated with tablet clonazepam (0.5mg) on the night before surgery. On arrival to the operation theatre, baseline heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded. The patients were then induced with Inj. propofol (1.5 to 2mg/kg). Endotracheal intubation was facilitated with Inj. vecuronium (0.1mg/kg). Anaesthesia was maintained with halothane 0.5% and nitrous oxide 60%, in oxygen. The propofol was infused to strengthen the maintenance of anaesthesia. During operation patient was monitored for HR, NIBP, ECG, ETCO2, and SpO2. The haemodynamic tools of the patients were continuously recorded. The pre-induction mean HR, SBP, DBP, MAP were compared with the values found after induction in trendelenburg and reverse trendelenburg position. The mean HR during pre-induction period & after induction in trendelenburg position, & reverse trendelenburg position were respectively 79.2±8.2, 76.6±9.6, and 70.1±5.9beats/min. The mean HR was statistically significant (p<0.05) between pre-induction, trendelenburg and reverse trendelenburg position. The mean SBP during pre-induction period & after induction in trendelenburg & reverse trendelenburg position were respectively 138.0±11.6, 130.3±9.9, and 119.3 ±12.7 mm Hg. The mean SBP was statistically significant (p<0.05) between pre-induction, trendelenburg and reverse trendelenburg position. The mean DBP during pre-induction period, after induction in trendelenburg & reverse trendelenburg position were respectively 75.5±10.9, 72.6±6.1, and 70.6±6.1mm Hg. The mean DBP was statistically significant (p<0.05) between pre-induction, trendelenburg and reverse trendelenburg position. The mean MAP during pre-induction period, after induction in trendelenburg & reverse trendelenburg position were respectively 96.3±10.7, 95.0±9.8, and 72.6 ±6.1mm Hg. The mean MAP was statistically significant (p<0.05) between pre-induction, trendelenburg and reverse trendelenburg position. So, it can be concluded that the cardiovascular status was significantly decreased in both trendelenburg and reverse trendelenburg position than the pre-induction values found during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
JBSA 2017; 30(1): 27-33