bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the issue of using online foreign language courses in the educational environment of the university
Authors: Романова Ю.Г.
Published: February 2022

Рассматривается вопрос использования открытых онлайн-курсов по изучению иностранного языка в процессе профессиональной подготовки в вузе. Анализируются причины расширения спектра онлайн услуг в сфере образования, приведшие к увеличению количества курсов, реализующихся в дистанционном формате на открытых образовательных платформах. Приводятся результаты междисциплинарного исследования по определению модели социального поведения обучающегося, способного пройти курс онлайн обучения до конца, выявлены ее основные характеристики. Определены пути повышения мотивации обучающихся к полноценному и результативному обучению на открытых онлайн-курсах по изучению иностранного языка с проведением параллели с образовательным пространством вуза и определения их влияния на сформированность компетенций будущего специалиста.

The article discusses the use of open online courses on learning a foreign language in the process of professional training at a university. The reasons for the expansion of the range of online services in the fi eld of education, which led to an increase in the number of courses implemented in a distance format on open educational platforms, are analyzed. The results of an interdisciplinary study to determine the model of social behavior of a student who is able to complete an online training course to the end are presented, its main characteristics are revealed. The ways of increasing the motivation of students to complete and eff ective training in open online courses on learning a foreign language with a parallel with the educational space of the university and determining their impact on the formation of the competencies of the future specialist are determined.
Information and psychological impact in the context of social media transformation
Authors: Макаренков А.А.
Published: February 2022

Описываются особенности трансформации, происходящей в социальных сетях, мессенджерах и видеохостингах в настоящее время. Раскрываются перспективные направления развития архитектурных особенностей социальных сетей, специфики содержащегося в них контента, видоизменения технологического базиса для обеспечения мобильного доступа к информационнотелекоммуникационной сети «Интернет» в будущем. Отмечается, что более востребованным аудиторией становится контент в формате видео. Сделан вывод о дальнейшем увеличении числа людей, получающих информацию и потребляющих новости в основном из социальных сетей, блогов и мессенджеров, о тенденции постоянного снижения роли телевидения в качестве источника информации для россиян. В качестве перспективных указываются исследования по укреплению суверенитета личности, общества и государства в виртуальном пространстве.

The article describes the features of the transformation taking place in social networks, messengers and video hosting at the present time. The perspective directions of development of architectural features of social networks, specifi cs of the contained content, modifi cation of the technological basis for providing mobile access to the information and telecommunication network “Internet” in the future are revealed. It is noted that video content is becoming more popular with the audience. The conclusion is made about a further increase in the number of people receiving information and consuming news mainly from social networks, blogs and messengers, about the trend of a constant decline in the role of television as a source of information for Russians. Studies on strengthening the sovereignty of the individual, society and the state in the virtual space are indicated as promising.
Immunologic Heterogeneity in 2 Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia Patients With a Distinct Clinical Course
Authors: Gamliel A , Lee YN , Lev A , AbuZaitun O , Rechavi E , Levy S , Simon AJ , Somech R
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome associated with skeletal dysplasia, varying degrees of combined immunodeficiency (CID), short stature, hair hypoplasia, macrocytic anemia, increased risk of malignancies, and Hirschsprung disease. Purpose: To provide clinical and immunological insights obtained from 2 unrelated patients who displayed clinical characteristics of CHH. Methods: Two patients with suspected CHH syndrome due to skeletal dysplasia and immunodeficiency underwent an immunological and genetic work-up using flow cytometry, next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the immune repertoire, and Sanger sequencing to identify the underlying defects. Results: Patient 1 presented with low birth weight and skeletal dysplasia. Newborn screening was suggestive of T-cell immunodeficiency, as T-cell receptor excision circle levels were undetectable. Both the T-cell receptor (TCR) Vß and TCR-g (TRG) repertoires were restricted, with evidence of clonal expansion. Genetic analysis identified compound heterozygous RMRP variants inherited from both parents. Patient 2 presented with recurrent lung and gastrointestinal infections, skeletal dysplasia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly. The polyclonal pattern of the TCRß repertoire was normal, with only slight overexpression of TCR-ßV20 and restricted expression of Vßs. TRG expressed a normal diverse repertoire, similar to that of the healthy control sample. Genetic analysis identified biallelic novel regulatory variants in RMRP. Both parents are carriers of this mutation. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate how the immunological work-up, supported by genetic findings, can dramatically change treatment and future outcome in patients with the same clinical syndrome.
De amores, pasiones y violencia en el ejército, México siglo XIX
Authors: Ceja Andrade Claudia
Published: February 2022

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar las relaciones entre hombres y mujeres en el medio castrense mexicano durante el siglo xix, para reflexionar sobre las dinámicas de convivencia, las tensiones y conflictos de género, así como las maneras en que las autoridades militares actuaron e intervinieron, además de los significados sociales que se tenían sobre las mujeres y los hombres de la tropa.
Pautas para la Reforma del Estado en el Perú: por un Estado eficiente al servicio de la gente
Authors: Corrales Angulo Andrés
Published: February 2022

El libro recoge las ponencias del seminario internacional "Reforma del Estado. Por un Estado eficiente al servicio de la gente" organizado por la Escuela de Posgrado de la Universidad Continental, que se abren con las reflexiones de una de las mentes más lúcidas del Perú contemporáneo, como es la de Max Hernández, secretario ejecutivo del Acuerdo Nacional. Y para aprovechar la experiencia internacional en procesos de modernización de las administraciones públicas, se incluyen las ponencias de dos destacados expertos extranjeros como son Diomedes Berroa del Banco Mundial y Mariano Lafuente del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. La mirada internacional se complementa con las ponencias de expertos peruanos, entre los más autorizados, como son Mayen Ugarte, Sara Arobes y Juan Carlos Cortázar, respecto de los desafíos de la modernización y reforma del Estado en el Perú. Asimismo, Janeyri Boyer, presidenta ejecutiva de SERVIR, aborda lecciones aprendidas y los pasos a seguir para avanzar en la reforma del servicio civil, condición necesaria, no sólo para la modernización del Estado sino para el desarrollo del país.
USAGE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE FEED ADDITIVES TO INCREASE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF AFRICAN SHARPTOOTH CATFISH SPAWN
Authors:   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Lyubomirova V.N. , Romanova E.M. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Romanov V.V. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Spirina E.V. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU
Published: February 2022

The work is devoted to the study of nutritional value of African sharptooth catfish spawn and assessment of the effect of biologically active substances in the form of probiotics, adaptogenes, vitamins and amino acids on the sprawn. The aim of the work was to increase the nutritional value of African sharptooth catfish spawn by means of usage of biologically active feed additives in the ration. "Sporothermin" probiotics was used to improve the microbiocenosis of the fish habitat, as a protection against pathogenic microbiota, to improve fish intestinal microbiocenosis, and also as a source of biologically active substances. Our results showed that application of the probiotics increased the level of protein, fat, minerals and vitamins in African catfish spawn. "Irkutin" adaptogene was used due to its antioxidant properties, the ability to increase non-specific resistance and body endurance. The vitamin-amino acid complex was used as a source of vitamins and amino acids, providing metabolism regulation of proteins, fats and carbohydrates directly, or as part of complex enzyme systems. The research results showed that complex usage of the adaptogene and the vitamin-amino acid complex increased the quality of sprawn, its nutritional value and the content of water- and fat-soluble vitamins to a level that meets the requirements of health products. It was established that the sprawn of African sharptooth catfish, obtained in case of application of "Sporothermin" probiotics, "Irkutin" adaptogene, "Chiktonik" vitamin-amino acid complex in the ration, corresponds to National Standard 55577-2013 for functional food products in terms of content of fat and water-soluble vitamins.
SPECIFICATION OF SIZE OF NUCLEIC ACIDS OF PS.S-7 ULGAU AND PS.S-27 ULGAU BACTERIOPHAGES
Authors:   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Feoktistova N.A. , Suldina E.V. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Masilenko A.V. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Abdurakhmanov I.M. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU
Published: February 2022

The article presents results of studies on specification of the size of nucleic acids of Ps.s-7 UlGAU and Ps.s-27 UlGAU bacteriophages. The relevance of the research on classification of bacteriophages by type and size of nucleic acid is substantiated in the introduction of the article. It was established, by the method of extraction on magnetic particles and phenol-chloroform extraction, that the maximum calculated size for the DNA of Ps.s-7 UlGAU bacteriophage (isolated from a soil sample, characteristics: lytic activity, determined by the Gracio method, - 2.0 ± 0.1x109 pfu / ml, by Appelman's method - 10-8, drip test - n9; spectrum of lytic action - 85.7%) was 38137 bp, for Ps.s-27 UlGAU bacteriophage (isolated from a soil sample, characteristics: 1.0 ± 0.1x109 pfu / ml according to Grazio, according to Appelman - 10-8 , drop test - n9; spectrum of lytic action was 85.7%) DNA size was 23744 bp. The studies used a DNA molecular weight marker Quick-Load Extend DNA 500-48500 bp, a Nanodrop 2000 / 2000c spectrophotometer (ThermoFisher), and a PAGE electrophoresis technique. The obtained data will make it possible to specify the phylogenetic relationship of Ps.s-7 UlGAU and Ps.s-27 UlGAU bacteriophages with bacteriophages annotated in the NCBI database, using Protein BLAST, active against phytopathogenic Pseudomonas syringae bacteria, causing tumor neoplasms, rotting, growth cessation and death of a part of plants cultivated by humans without decay, chlorosis, necrosis, etc.
INFLUENCE OF BISOLBI BIO ADDITIVE IN THE RATIONS OF PIGS ON PARAMETERS OF THEIR PROTEIN EXCHANGE AND SURVIVABILITY OF PRENURSERY PIGS
Authors:   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Savina E.V. , Semyonova Yu.V. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Desyatov O.A. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU
Published: February 2022

The paper presents results of experimental studies on inclusion of Bisolbi feed additive in the rations of pregnant and lactating sows and its effect on biochemical parameters of their blood, immune status, colostrum quality and survivability of piglets by the day of weaning. The results of the research allow us to draw the following conclusions: sows that received Bisolbi product , in addition to their ration, at a dose of 0.5 and 1.0% of the feed mass had increased activity of hematopoietic and immune systems, also, the intensity of metabolic processes increases, which is confirmed by a rise of the total protein concentration and its fractions, as well as the protein index in their blood, which indicates an increase of assimilation processes in their body on the 100th day of gestation and by the day of weaning of piglets. Along with a rise of whey protein - globulin in the blood of sows in the experimental groups in all periods of the study, there is an increase in concentration of immunoglobulins of A, M and G classes in the same groups in comparison with control animals. These changes indicate more intensive redox, metabolism and energy processes in their bodies, which ultimately affected the survivability of piglets by the weaning day. These changes were most conspicuous when animals were fed with ration, enriched with Bisolbi at a dose of 1.0% of the compound feed weight.
EFFICIENCY OF PRIMARY TILLAGE AND FERTILIZER DOSES IN CULTIVATION OF WINTER WHEAT ON TYPICAL BLACK SOIL
Authors:   FSBSI ", Nitchenko L.B. ,   Kursk Federal Agrarian Scientific Center", Lukianov V.A. ,   FSBSI "Kursk Federal Agrarian Scientific Center"
Published: February 2022

Traditional mouldboard plowing, resource-saving nonmouldboard and combined systems of main tillage for winter wheat were studied in the grain-grass-tilled crop rotation. The application levels of mineral fertilizers for soil cultivation were the following: without fertilizers, single (N20P40K40) and double (N40P80K80) dose. The soil of the experimental plot is typical black soil, medium loamy. As a result of the research, it was found that the main factor affecting the yield increase, gluten and protein content in winter wheat grain was mineral fertilizer. The highest yield of winter wheat (3.77 t / ha) was obtained during mouldboard tillage with a dose of mineral fertilizers of N40P80K80. Grain yield decreased to 3.74 t / ha with non-mouldboard tillage, as for combined tillage, it was 3.57 t / ha. Gluten content was 19.3 ... 22.0%, protein - 11.2 ... 12.5% in variants without application of mineral fertilizers. In case of application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N20P40K40, gluten content increased to 22.8 ... 23.8%, at a dose of N40P80K80 - up to 23.5 ... 24.9% and it was higher with mouldboard tillage; the protein content was 12.8 ... 13.0% and 13.0 ... 13.4%, respectively. Primary tillage systems did not have a statistically significant effect on gluten and protein content of winter wheat grain. The most effective was cultivation of winter wheat with application of fertilizers at a dose of N20P40K40. In case of combined tillage, direct costs amounted to 15.85 thousand rubles / ha, the cost of grain was 4.80 rubles / ton; as for non-mouldboard, - 16.22 thousand rubles / ha, 4.98 thousand rubles / ton, respectively; whereas, mouldboard - 17.94 thousand rubles / ha, 5.37 thousand rubles / ton.
DETECTION OF ENZYME GENES OF BACTERIA OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS SPECIES BY REAL-TIME PCR
Authors:   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Suldina E.V. , Feoktistova N.A. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Bogdanov I.I. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Molofeeva N.I. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU
Published: February 2022

Soil is a vital and valuable natural resource that sustains life on earth. Appropriate soil functioning depends on the balance of its structure and composition, as well as physical, chemical and biological properties. Often, this balance is disturbed under the influence of various abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic factors. Therefore, soil restoration is of great importance in order to prevent possible adverse effects on living systems and to preserve the environment for future generations. Various studies confirmed the effectiveness of introduction of rhizobacteria to improve soil fertility, increase growth and productivity of agricultural crops. Bacillus subtilis is one of the most common rhizobacteria used in agriculture. Many B. subtilis strains are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilizing phosphorus and potassium, thereby contributing to an increase in the amount of macroelements necessary for plant nutrition in soil. The aim of this work was to search for genes responsible for synthesis of phytase, nitrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes in strains of bacteria of Bacillus subtilis species by real-time PCR. To determine the presence of genes encoding the synthesis of the desired enzymes in Bacillus subtilis, an in-silico analysis of the annotated genomes of this bacterial species presented in the NCBI information database was carried out. Then the selection of primers for screening the target spots was made. According to the results of the study, 10 out of 19 isolated Bacillus subtilis strains contained all three required DNA regions responsible for synthesis of phytase, nitrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes.
Transformations of structurally stable states of spiral beams subjected to sector perturbations
Authors:   Physics and Technology Institute (Academic Unit) of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Volyar A.V. , Akimova Ya.E. ,   Physics and Technology Institute (Academic Unit) of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: February 2022

We investigated conditions for the violation of the structural stability of a spiral beam subject to sector perturbations. Based on the method of computer simulation and measurement of mode spectra, we have shown that a spiral vortex beam has a characteristic caustic surface, the intersection of which sharply changes the shape of the Poynting vector streamlines and the total topological charge of the beam. Sector beam perturbation does not almost change the streamline structure up to scale and rotation. We found that perturbation of the beam causes a change in the direction of circulation of streamlines in the region of perturbation, which is caused by the appearance of vortices with negative topological charges. Their contribution to the total energy flow is fractions of a percent. However, such perturbations do not cause changing the OAM in the beam, despite an increase in the number of vortex modes. Nevertheless, the perturbed beam remains only conditionally structurally stable due to the presence of a small fraction of optical currents with opposite circulations.
The concept of a miniature all-optical space switch based on the photonic hook effect
Authors:   V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Geints Y.E. , Minin O.V. ,   Tomsk State Polytechnic University,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Minin I.V. ,   Tomsk State Polytechnic University,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: February 2022

We propose and discuss main properties of a new concept of an all-optical dielectric two-channel wavelength-selective switch based on the photonic hook effect. A prototype of such a de-vice based on dielectric microstructures with broken symmetry of both geometric shape and optical properties without the use of micromechanical devices or nonlinear materials is considered. Due to the unique property of the photonic hook to change its curvature depending on the wavelength of illuminating light, this switch is a promising candidate for the implementation of optical switching in modern optoelectronics and miniature devices "on a chip". Based on numerical FDTD simulations, it is shown that the optical isolation of switched channels for a switch with linear dimensions of about (6 * "lambda")3 based on a Janus particle can reach about 18-20 dB in the wavelength range of 1.5 – 1.9 microns.
Formation of an informative index for recognizing specified objects in hyperspectral data
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Paringer R.A. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Mukhin A.V. ,   Samara National Research University, Kupriyanov A.V. ,   Samara National Research University,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS
Published: February 2022

The paper is about the development of an approach which able to create rules for distinguish-ing between specified objects of hyperspectral data using a small number of observations. Such an approach would contribute to the development of methods and algorithms for the operational analysis of hyperspectral data. These methods can be used for hyperspectral data preprocessing and labeling. Implementation of the proposed approach are using a technology that harnesses both discriminative criteria and the general formulas of spectral indexes. In implementing the proposed technology, the index was defined with normalized difference formula. The Informativeness was estimated using separability criteria of discriminative analysis. The results show that the implemented algorithm can recognize areas of hyperspectral data with different vegetation. The index formed by the algorithm is similar to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The proposed technology is the generalization of the approach of forming recognition rules using a small number of features. It has been shown that technology can form informative indexes in specified tasks of hyperspectral data analysis.
Factors Aﬀecting Customer Loyalty of Islamic Bank in Sumbawa City, Indonesia
Authors: Alwathan Rizka , Nugraheni Peni
Published: February 2022

This study aims to examine the factors aﬀecting customer loyalty in Sumbawa city, Nusa Tenggara Barat province, Indonesia. This province become the driving factor of the Islamic bank market because it is dominated by 97% Muslims. Meanwhile, the independent factors include proﬁt sharing, service quality, transparency, and trust. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using multiple regression methods. The results showed that service quality, transparency, and trust positively aﬀect the customer loyalty of Islamic bank, while proﬁt sharing have no inﬂuence. Furthermore, Muslim ﬁnancial institutions are expected to use their best performance to increase customer loyalty. The practitioners and regulators can improve their performance and develop the Islamic ﬁnancial industry by considering the result above.
The Role of Equity Financing on the Proﬁtability of Indonesian Islamic Banks
Authors: Widarjono Agus
Published: February 2022

Islamic banks provide ﬁnancing in the form of equity ﬁnancing and non-equity ﬁnancing. Equity ﬁnancing is proﬁt-loss sharing ﬁnancing which is the main core of Islamic bank business consisting of Mudharabah and Musyarakah. This paper examines the extent to which equity ﬁnancing aﬀects the proﬁtability of Islamic banks in Indonesia with the control variables consisting of bank-speciﬁc variables such as capital adequacy ratio, cost-income ratio, non-performing ﬁnancing, and macroeconomic conditions such as domestic output, exchange rate. This study employs aggregate data of Islamic banks from January 2010 to December 2019. The estimation method is the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The results prove evidence of the long-run relationship between the dependent andindependent variables. The results show that total equity ﬁnancing increases Islamic banks' proﬁtability in Indonesia, but only Musyarakah ﬁnancing signiﬁcantly boosts proﬁtability. Furthermore, the bank-speciﬁc variables aﬀecting proﬁts are capital, eﬃciency, and nonperforming ﬁnancing. High capital adequacy ratio (CAR) reduces proﬁt and ineﬃcient Islamic banks and non-performing ﬁnancing lower proﬁt. Evidence also highlights that worse economic conditions through the economic downturn and sharp depreciation obviously lower the proﬁtability of Islamic banks. These results imply that Islamic banks must capitalize on Musyarakah ﬁnancing to support the performance of Islamic banks.
Equity Financing, Debt Financing, and Financial Performance in Islamic Banks
Authors: Sudarsono Heri , Ash Shiddiqi Jannahar Saddam
Published: February 2022

This research aims to determine the eﬀect of bank size (SIZE), proﬁtability (ROA), eﬃciency (EFF), non-performing ﬁnance (NPF), interest (INTR), and inﬂation (INFL) on proﬁt and loss sharing (PLS) ﬁnancing (equity ﬁnancing), and sale-purchase (SP) ﬁnancing (debt ﬁnancing) Islamic banks in Indonesia. Furthermore, monthly Islamic bank data in June 2014 to July 2020 was used. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method was used to determine the short and long-term eﬀects of the independent variables on the ﬁnancing variable. The results showed that ROA and EFF have a positive eﬀect on MRF but ROA and EFF have a negative eﬀect on MDA and MSF. NPF has a positive eﬀect on MDF, but has a negative eﬀect on MRF. Meanwhile, SIZE has a negative eﬀect on MDF, MDA, MRF, and MRA. The INTR has a negative eﬀect on MDA, MRF, and MRA. The implication of this research is that ﬁnancialperformance has more inﬂuence on debt ﬁnancing compared to equity ﬁnancing of Islamic banks in Indonesia.
The engineered peptide construct NCAM1-Aβ inhibits fibrillization of the human prion protein (PrP)
Authors: Gielnik Maciej , Zhukova Lilia , Zhukov Igor , Gräslund Astrid , Kozak Maciej , Wärmländer Sebastian
Published: February 2022

In prion diseases, the prion protein (PrP) becomes misfolded and forms fibrillar aggregates that are responsible for prion infectivity and pathology. So far, no drug or treatment procedures have been approved for prion disease treatment. We have previously shown that engineered cell-penetrating peptide constructs can reduce the amount of prion aggregates in infected cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this effect is unknown. Here, we use atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging to show that the amyloid aggregation and fibrillization of the human PrP protein can be inhibited by equimolar amounts of the 25 residues long engineered peptide construct NCAM1-Aβ.
A review on e-Government Portal’s services within Hospital Information System during Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: BOSTANCI Seda , YILDIRIM Seda , ERDOĞAN Fatma
Published: February 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has initiated an important change that affects all economic and social life, especially in the field of health. First of all, pandemic restrictions have made it necessary to transform living habits. This change appears as digital transformation. Especially, decreases in physical mobility, distance obligations, reorganization of working environments have made the way and process of doing business more digital. At this point, innovative technologies and applications are saviors for information system management. In crisis management, the biggest disadvantages of today are that the world population has increased considerably and the interaction in the global system is high. However, the biggest advantage is that the technological possibilities can be developed in a way that contributes to the isolation. It is possible to manage hospital information management more quickly and effectively with new applications. Covid-19 pandemic has also shown the need of digital transformation in the short term, globally. This study aims to review hospital information system management and to give some sample implications based on e-services of e-Government Portal in Turkey. HIS has been used more effectively during the pandemic process. e-Government was observed as a digital tool accelerating processes such as document inquiry, application and information track in Turkey in the context of hospital information system management. It was observed that e-Government portal accelerated the process for the management of hospital information system in Turkey and e-Government portal provided several e-services for healthcare professionals and citizens during the Covid-19 pandemic.
The Socio-Economic Environment among Pastoral Communities in West Pokot and Turkana Counties in Kenya
Authors: Sangura Wafula Cornelius , CrispinousoIteyo  , OSimiyu RuthoN.
Published: February 2022

There are conflicts in many pastoral communities around the globe, while the Sahel region and EastoAfrica demonstrate sustained levels of inter-pastoral violent conflicts with associated potential impacts on their livelihoods. Turkana-Pokot Violence across borders, conflict is now the norm. A number of efforts have been made by various bodies to bring peace to the region. Despite the Kenya Police Reservists' disarmament and arming communities, peace building meetings, prosecuting perpetrators, declaring illicit firearms surrender amnesties, and setting up peace committees continue to prevail in the region, insecurity and violent conflict. This study was primarily utilized the Protracted Social Conflicts (PSC) theory of Edward Azar. The study adopted descriptive research design. The study was conducted in Turkana and West Pokot Counties of Kenya. A total of 434 respondents were targeted in Pokot North and Turkana South. The sample size of 130 respondents was selected from each of the two Sub Counties. Data was collected using questionnaires, interview schedules, and document analysis and focus group discussions. Pilot study was conducted in Wajir County to establish reliability and validity of research instruments using content analysis and Cronbach alpha respectively. Quantitative data was analyzed using the SPSS to obtain descriptive statistics and chi-square. Qualitative data was analyzed by use of themes and presented in narrative form. Quantitative data was presented in form of tables, charts and graphs. Qualitative data was presented in form of narratives and verbatim quotations. The findings of the study revealed that, the proximity of Turkana County to three international borders, namely; Uganda, South Sudan and Ethiopia had contributed to the proliferation of small arms through the porous borders that are not governed by the respective governments. This contributed to the availability and cheapness of small arms in Turkana County as a whole, hence the sustenance of the conflict between the two communities. Therefore, this theoretical framework was useful in anchoring the study. The study findings therefore suggested that politics, governance, peace building strategies, commercialization of raided animals and proliferation of small arms are the sustainers of conflict among the pastoral communities of Turkana and West Pokot Counties of Kenya. The next chapter presents the effectiveness of the existing conflict management system towards the conflict between the Turkana and Pokot communities.
Traditional Games as Tourism Sports and Characteristics of Sports Culture in Sumbawa Indonesia
Authors: Maulana Demi Ade , Sugiyanto  , Riyadi Slamet
Published: February 2022

This study aims to find out traditional games as tourism sports and characteristics of sport culture in sumbawa indonesia. This type of research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The informant retrieval technique uses the Snowball Sampling technique. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and document analysis. The data validity technique used triangulation technique. Data analysis was carried out in four stages, namely: the data collection stage, the data reduction stage, the data presentation stage, and the conclusion drawing stage. From the results of the study, it can be identified Sumbawa is an area rich in culture and tradition, there are many cultures and traditions. One example is in traditional games from the Sumbawa area such as: Barapan kebo, playing Jaran, Bakaraci, gentao, barempuk and so on. In each of these traditional games there is a culture and tradition in each game which is still maintained by the Sumbawa community itself until now. However, although there are many other traditional games, the popularity of the traditional game of Main Jaran is still very popular with the people of Sumbawa until now and is routinely carried out every year on the island of Sumbawa. It can be identified the sports values ​​contained in the traditional game of playing jaran, namely: cooperation, communication, respect for rules, problem solving, understanding, relationships with others, leadership, respect for others, business values, how to achieve victory, respect defeat, how to manage competence, fair play, sharing, self-respect, trust, honesty, confidence, tolerance, and resilience. Ethical values ​​such as fair play, honesty, and sportsmanship have special relevance in sports, where these values ​​can be applied in increasing commitment to implementing fairness in competition.
Keywords: Traditional Games, Sport Tourism, Sport Culture
Violations of International Humanitarian Law: Threats to Non-combatants in the Syrian Crises, 2011-2020
Authors: Alameldeen Ahmed , Beuck Erik , Sagheer Tayyab
Published: February 2022

Since 2011, Syria has faced protests, upheaval, and civil war. During this long crisis, both state and non-state actors have continuously attempted to exploit the situation to further their own interests. Since then, the civil war that resulted has led to widespread destruction, mass casualties, and extensive suffering among non-combatants who continue to live under daily threats related to the conflict. This paper examines the current conflict in Syria using news reports and documentaries with an aim to analyze how treaties and conventions of international law are being ignored on the ground regarding the protection of civilians. In the process of doing so, this paper will present evident violations committed by the combatants of state and non-state forces. In addition, the strategic interests of international actors are discussed to the degree they present hurdles for the implementation of the protection of civilians in line with international humanitarian law. Moreover, it will demonstrate how international institutions have been unable to alleviate the suffering of the local population. We conclude with an examination of the role of international institutions and international actors in terms of their efforts to resolve the crisis.
La culture du maïs face au binôme coton-anacarde dans le nord ivoirien: Une cohabitation dominée par les cultures de rente dans la Sous-Préfecture de Napié
Authors: Nanfouhoro Paul-Kévin OUATTARA , Kouassi Olivier KOUAKOU
Published: February 2022

Maize cultivation is important both for humans and for the development of animal husbandry. But, faced with the promotion and development of new agricultural sectors in the north, maize production is threatened in this region. In fact, cotton, mango and above all cashew have led to land pressure to the detriment of food crops, particularly corn. The present study, which took place in the Korhogo region, aims to understand the behavior of farmers towards cash crops with regard to the fact that maize constitutes the staple food of the Senufo people. The mixed qualitative and quantitative approach was adopted for data collection. Individual interviews as well as group interviews were carried out in Djonkaha and Pimankaha in the Sub-Prefecture of Napié. The study revealed that the maize sector receives little support. She also notes that cash crops have enabled farmers to improve their living conditions. In addition, they benefit from technical supervision and financial support which has reinforced their attachment to these cultures. This situation has gradually led to the reduction of land dedicated to food crops and maize in particular, thus increasing the risk of vulnerability for farmers.
Technological Self-Efficacy in Teaching Physical Education and Health among Junior High School Teachers
Authors: D. Pestano Rayvin
Published: February 2022

This study assessed the Technological self-efficacy of 26 junior high school teachers of Physical Education and Health in Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School. Methodology: using descriptive correlational research design, their socio-demographic characteristics, level of their technological self-efficacy and performance rating were the variables of the study.  Quantitative data were gathered using a questionnaire as the main instrument. In terms of sampling method, total enumeration sampling was utilized.  Findings: Majority of the respondents were female, young with educational attainment varying from bachelor’s degree to master’s degree and have been in the service from 1-10 years.  Overall technological self-efficacy was low level in the five components namely; technological knowledge, technological content knowledge, technological pedagogical knowledge and technological pedagogical content knowledge and high in pedagogical knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. Pedagogical knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge had a positive relationship with performance rating. On the other hand, technological knowledge, technological content knowledge, technological pedagogical knowledge and technological pedagogical content knowledge were found to be negatively correlated with performance rating. Technological content knowledge was found to be predictive of physical education and health teacher’s performance rating. Contribution and Recommendation: Thus, it is highly recommended to sustain and enhance the technological content knowledge of physical education and health teachers since it is detrimental to their performance.
English Language Apprehension and the Reading-Writing Competence of Students
Authors: Baful Ronnel , Derequito Chester
Published: February 2022

This research study aimed to explore the association between undergraduates' English language apprehension and their reading-writing ability. A descriptive-correlation design was used, with survey questionnaires and tests disseminated using Google forms. The researcher employed a questionnaire adapted and modified from MacIntyre and Gardner (1994) to determine the level of English language apprehension. It comprises three components of learning processes: input, processing, and output stage. The data was then quantified and evaluated using mean and standard deviation for English language apprehension, frequency, and percentage for reading-writing skills. Pearson product-moment correlation was used to examine the relationship between apprehension and reading and writing abilities. The undergraduate students reported a neutral level of apprehension in the second language and were competent in reading and writing. The study's findings imply that English language apprehension has a significant association with students' reading-writing skills. Furthermore, a negative correlation is found on apprehension level experienced in the input stage of learning and applied reading comprehension and processing anxiety and writing fluency.
Instagram Platform Optimization by (Technology Acceptance Model) Approach As Improvement of Mozarella Marketing Performance at Covid-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Kusumastuti Anie Eka , Putritamara Jaisy Aghniarahim
Published: February 2022

The change of consumers’ behaviors during pandemic is a challenge for livestock products producers to survive among sector threats that are often unpredictable by producers. Such change demanded the producers to be more adaptive and sensitive to consumers’ behaviors, so that most of producers used traffic analysis as basic to identify the consumers’ behaviors in diverse condition. High level of technological use during pandemic is an opportunity for the producers to optimize platform used by majority of the market segmentation. The research purpose was optimizing marketing strategy via Instagram as improvement of SMEs-scale Mozarella marketing performance. The research methods used were survey and interview with consumers who use Instagram, 100 peoples, and then analyzed using Multiple Regression as basic in composing strategies. Results of the analysis showed that 87% TAM positively affected on intention of the consumers to purchase Mozarella cheese via Instagram. Indicator that dominates high effect of both elements is ease to use. It indicates that consumers who majority are native digital consumers, prefer to use Instagram because they are pro to Instagram features, which is assumed to be easy for landing page when they have purchasing transaction.
Management v zdravstvu
Authors: Lukhanin Oleksandr , Šprajc Polona , Lukhanina Yuliia
Published: February 2022

V prispevku smo obravnavali področje splošnega managementa, ki je za vse organizacije izjemnega pomena z vidika ustreznega in celovitega delovanja. Od klasičnih teorij managementa, ki so vodile v razvoj sodobnih teorij managementa, zasledujemo pomen uspešnosti in učinkovitosti. Od gospodarskih organizacij, kjer se cilji združujejo pod dobičkonosnostjo, do negospodarskih organizacij, kjer se cilji združujejo pod zadovoljstvom državljanom, je pomen managementa izpostavljen z veliko začetnico. Poleg splošnega managementa v poglavju predstavljamo ozadje managementa v zdravstvenih organizacijah, ki se je sicer v zadnjih letih razvijalo in krepilo, vendar glede na aplikativnost in znanstveni razvoj, še vedno ne dovolj. Management v zdravstvenih organizacijah prikazujemo skozi prizmo uspešnosti, učinkovitosti in trajnostnega razvoja. S prispevkom želimo spodbuditi razvoj znanstvenih besedil na področju, ki bodo tudi v aplikativnem pomenu prispevale k višji stopnji prepoznavnosti in pomena managementa v zdravstvu.
Precipitation retention by birch-spruce young forest canopy in middle taiga of Komi Republic
Authors:   Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pristova T.A.
Published: February 2022

The paper highlights 10-year-long study results on rainfall retention by the canopy of secondary birch-spruce young stand in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic. The average rain retention by the canopy of a birch-spruce young forest in relation to an open area is determined. The studied young growth keeps less precipitation volumes than spruce forests and medium-aged deciduous stands of the middle taiga subzone. We have viewed a number of factors controlling precipitation retention. Spruce crowns keep 28 %, birch keeps 13 % of exposed place bulk precipitation. The largest precipitation volumes in the birch-spruce young growth fall through the inter-crown spaces — about 95 % of exposed place bulk precipitation. The rain retention by the canopy of the studied young forest is characterized by a high variability. We have assessed the seasonal and annual dynamics of rainfall retention. Within the seasonal dynamics, the periods from June to early August and from end September to October have a decrease and from August to September there is an increase in the retention value for the studied birch-spruce young growth. There exists a certain link between precipitation retention by the canopy of the studied young forest and exposed area bulk precipitation. This link is expressive for spruce crowns compared with birch crowns. The 10-year-old birch-spruce wood intercepts less rainfall than at the age of 20. However, the 10-year-long study period does not show any clear dynamics of retention increase. The data obtained can be used in forest hydrology to assess impacts of forest harvesting on water-regulating properties of taiga forests.
Algorithm for tree growth modeling and visualization
Authors:   Petrozavodsk State University, Shchegoleva L.V. , Gudach D.V. ,   Petrozavodsk State University, Kabonen A.V. ,   Petrozavodsk State University
Published: February 2022

The developed algorithm for modeling the growth of a tree using the example of European spruce (Picea abies) for three-dimensional visualization of plant development is presented. A special structure of classes is proposed that form the internal structure of a tree by a set of interconnected shoots that grow from buds. They store the numerical characteristics of the structure (age, trunk diameter, shoots length and the volume of tree photosynthetic biomass) and the spatial coordinates of structural elements on the parent object (last year’s shoot). The algorithm for modeling the growth of a spruce tree includes the generation of random values for the characteristics of shoots and buds. The proposed algorithm makes it possible to realize the structural diversity of branching processes and the stochastic nature of development under the conditions of tree growth in the Republic of Karelia.
Innovative Voronezh «Garden City» International Festival of Gardens and Flowers
Authors:   Voronezh State Agrarian University after Emperor Peter the Great, Kruglyak V.V. , Guryeva E.I. ,   Voronezh State Technical University, Kartashova N.P. ,   Voronezh State Forestry University named after G.F. Morozov, Tsaregorodtsev A.V. ,   Voronezh State Forestry University named after G.F. Morozov
Published: February 2022

The principles of the Voronezh International Festival of Gardens and Flowers «Garden City» are considered. The results of scientific and experimental research carried out on the territory of the urban district of Voronezh are presented. The displays of the Botanical Garden named after professor B.M. Kozo-Polyansky in Voronezh State University are described. The distribution of the territory of Voronezh Central Park by points of sanitary and hygienic state for 9 quarters on an area of 101.0 hectares for plantings and open space is given. The structure of the Voronezh International Festival of Gardens and Flowers «Garden City» from 2011 to 2020 is analyzed and presented.
On Cooling the Tourist Out Notes on the Management of Spoiled Expectations
Authors: Nutch Frank
Published: February 2022

This article focuses on the social world of the commercial whale watch cruise. It draws on several years of participant observation research with marine field scientists, particularly field scientists who serve as naturalists on commercial whale watch cruises. Using Erving Goffman’s work, the essay details how the naturalist’s narration is an example of “cooling the mark out” that Goffman conceptually outlined and others have explored. In the social world of the commercial whale watch, the naturalist is the “operator and the tourist the mark”. It is argued that the naturalist’s narration is the principal means for cooling the tourists’ out. This is done within a context of the operator anticipating a set of spoiled expectations the tourist is likely to experience. While this essay extends the work of Goffman and others who have explored different settings of the cooling out process, it substantially differs from them. Past studies have focused on the cooling out process primarily within a context of individual face-to-face interaction. This essay looks at the commercial whale watch as a social setting of cooling out the mark not on a face-to-face basis but as a process of a “group of individuals who are being “cooled”. Most importantly, this is viewed as occurring not after they have been conned or duped but in anticipation of their likely experiencing a set of spoiled expectations.
Creating the Client Who Can Create Himself and His Own Fate – the Tragedy of the Citizens’ Contract
Authors: Andersen Niels Åkerstrøm
Published: February 2022

This article is about the emergence of new forms of active citizenry, empowerment, and self-help that meet in the so-called citizens’ contract. Based on Danish social policy, the article shows how the articulation of the citizen as ‘fellow citizen’ has led to the current contractualization of the relationship between the administration and the individual citizen. Citizens’ contracts are employed not only to commit clients to a specific behavior, but first and foremost to commit them to a particular inner dialogue about obligation and freedom. Economic assistance becomes dependent on this dialogue and they thus become contracts both between the administration and the citizens and between the citizens and their own selves. The article moves beyond the Foucault-inspired categorization by identifying the tragic consequences of these self-contracts.