bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Diagnosis of Botrytis Cinerea Infestation of Tomato Plant by Electronic Nose
Authors: Sun Yubing , Wang Jun , Cheng Shaoming
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Early diagnosis of disease is important for loss control. It is much easier to manage and prevent disease from spreading in this period. This study employed electronic nose (E-nose) for early diagnosis of infestation of tomato plant. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) was applied for proving the potential of E-nose detection and taken as the evidence for determining the range of parameters of Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA). Then, the way to seek the best parameter (the type of kernel, kernel parameter, and the number of principal component) of KPCA for the prediction of time of tomato plant under disease attack was introduced. The results showed that when the type of kernel was Polynomial, the kernel parameter was 2, and the number of principal component was 17, the highest correct discrimination rate of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was obtained, which was as high as 100%. Furthermore, multiple linear regressions (MLR) was employed and the results showed that MLR combined with KPCA obtained excellent performance. This study demonstrated that it was feasible for early diagnosis of infestation of tomato plant by E-nose and the model for predicting the infestation time was presented. Keywords: Disease infestation, Early diagnosis, Sensors, Tomato plant.
Assessing the maximum limit of SAR-OSL dating using quartz of different grain sizes
Authors: Anechitei-Deacu Valentina , Timar-Gabor Alida , Constantin Daniela , Trandafir-Antohi Oana , Valle Laura Del , Fornós Joan J , Gómez-pujol Lluís , Wintle Ann G.
Published: August 2018

SAR-OSL dating studies of Romanian, Serbian and Chinese loess using fine and coarse quartz have previously resulted in a series of controversial issues. We extend here the investigations using fine (4–11 μm) and different coarse quartz (>63 μm) grains extracted from aeolianites from a site on Eivissa Island (southwestern Mediterranean). Aeolianites were chosen since they contain quartz from a different geological context and have significantly lower environmental dose rates. The dose response curves of the OSL signals for fine and coarse quartz are similar to those for loess and are also represented by the sum of two saturating exponential functions. For doses up to ~200 Gy, the dose response curves of fine and coarse grains from aeolianites can be superimposed and the ages obtained for the different grain sizes are in agreement up to ~250 ka, increasing our confidence in the accuracy of the ages obtained for samples with such doses, irrespective of the magnitude of the environmental dose rate.

Particularly for the fine quartz fraction, a mismatch between the SAR dose response curve and the dose response curve obtained when doses are added to the natural is reported, indicating that the application of the SAR protocol in the high dose range is problematic. This dose dependent deviation is much less pronounced for coarse grains. Thus, it seems reasonable to infer that the dose response curves for the coarse grains, although saturating earlier can be regarded as more reliable for equivalent dose calculation than those for the fine grains.
State-Dependent Modification of Sensory Sensitivity via Modulation of Backpropagating Action Potentials
Authors: Städele Carola , DeMaegd Margaret L. , Stein Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

Neuromodulators play a critical role in sensorimotor processing via various actions, including pre- and postsynaptic signal modulation and direct modulation of signal encoding in peripheral dendrites. Here, we present a new mechanism that allows state-dependent modulation of signal encoding in sensory dendrites by neuromodulatory projection neurons. We studied the impact of antidromic action potentials (APs) on stimulus encoding using the anterior gastric receptor (AGR) neuron in the heavily modulated crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG). We found that ectopic AP initiation in AGR’s axon trunk is under direct neuromodulatory control by the inferior ventricular (IV) neurons, a pair of descending projection neurons. IV neuron activation elicited a long-lasting decrease in AGR ectopic activity. This modulation was specific to the site of AP initiation and could be mimicked by focal application of the IV neuron co-transmitter histamine. IV neuron actions were diminished after blocking H2receptors in AGR’s axon trunk, suggesting a direct axonal modulation. This local modulation did not affect the propagation dynamics of en passant APs. However, decreases in ectopic AP frequency prolonged sensory bursts elicited distantly near AGR’s dendrites. This frequency-dependent effect was mediated via the reduction of antidromic APs, and the diminishment of backpropagation into the sensory dendrites. Computational models suggest that invading antidromic APs interact with local ionic conductances, the rate constants of which determine the sign and strength of the frequency-dependent change in sensory sensitivity. Antidromic APs therefore provide descending projection neurons with a means to influence sensory encoding without affecting AP propagation or stimulus transduction.
Morphological and Biophysical Determinants of the Intracellular and Extracellular Waveforms in Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons: A Computational Study
Authors: López-Jury Luciana , Meza Rodrigo C. , Brown Matthew T.C. , Henny Pablo , Canavier Carmen C.
Published: August 2018

Action potentials (APs) in nigral dopaminergic neurons often exhibit two separate components: the first reflecting spike initiation in the dendritically located axon initial segment (AIS) and the second the subsequent dendro-somatic spike. These components are separated by anotchin the ascending phase of the somatic extracellular waveform and in the temporal derivative of the somatic intracellular waveform. Still, considerable variability exists in the presence and magnitude of thenotchacross neurons. To systematically address the contribution of AIS, dendritic and somatic compartments to shaping the two-component APs, we modeled APs of previouslyin vivoelectrophysiologically characterized and 3D-reconstructed male mouse and rat dopaminergic neurons. A parsimonious two-domain model, with high (AIS) and lower (dendro-somatic) Na+conductance, reproduced the notch in the temporal derivatives, but not in the extracellular APs, regardless of morphology. The notch was only revealed when somatic active currents were reduced, constraining the model to three domains. Thus, an initial AIS spike is followed by an actively generated spike by the axon-bearing dendrite (ABD), in turn followed mostly passively by the soma. The transition from being a source compartment for the AIS spike to a source compartment for the ABD spike satisfactorily explains the extracellular somatic notch. Larger AISs and thinner ABD (but not soma-to-AIS distance) accentuate the AIS component. We conclude that variability in AIS size and ABD caliber explains variability in AP extracellular waveform and separation of AIS and dendro-somatic components, given the presence of at least three functional domains with distinct excitability characteristics.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMidbrain dopamine neurons make an important contribution to circuits mediating motivation and movement. Understanding the basic rules that govern the electrical activity of single dopaminergic neurons is therefore essential to reveal how they ultimately contribute to movement and motivation as well as what goes wrong in associated disorders. Our computational study focuses on the generation and propagation of action potentials and shows that different morphologies and excitability characteristics of the cell body, dendrites and proximal axon can explain the diversity of action potentials shapes in this population. These compartments likely make differential contributions both to normal dopaminergic signaling and could potentially underlie pathological dopaminergic signaling implicated in addiction, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and other disorders.
Posterior Parietal Cortex Dysfunction Is Central to Working Memory Storage and Broad Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia
Authors: Hahn Britta , Robinson Benjamin M. , Leonard Carly J. , Luck Steven J. , Gold James M.
Published: August 2018

PFC dysfunction is widely believed to underlie working memory (WM) deficits in people with schizophrenia (PSZ), but few studies have focused on measures of WM storage devoid of manipulation. Research in neurotypical individuals has shown that storage capacity is more closely related to posterior parietal cortex (PPC) than PFC, suggesting that reductions in WM storage capacity in schizophrenia that are associated with broad cognitive deficits may be related to neural activity in PPC. In the present human neuroimaging study, 37 PSZ and 37 matched healthy control subjects of either sex completed a change detection task with varying set sizes while undergoing fMRI. The task was designed to emphasize WM storage with minimal top-down control demands. Whole-brain analysis identified areas in which BOLD activity covaried with the number of items maintained in WM (K), as derived from task performance at a given set size. Across groups,Kvalues independent of set size predicted BOLD activity in PPC, including superior and inferior parietal lobules and intraparietal sulcus, and middle occipital gyrus. Whole-brain interaction analysis found significantly lessK-dependent signal modulation in PSZ than healthy control subjects in left PPC, a phenomenon that could not be explained by a narrowerKvalue range. The slope betweenKand PPC activation statistically accounted for 43.4% of the between-group differences in broad cognitive function. These results indicate that PPC dysfunction is central to WM storage deficits in PSZ and may play a key role in the broad cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPeople with schizophrenia exhibit cognitive deficits across a wide range of tasks. Explaining these impairments in terms of a small number of core deficits with clearly defined neural correlates would advance the understanding of the disorder and promote treatment development. We show that a substantial portion of broad cognitive deficits in schizophrenia can be explained by a failure to flexibly modulate posterior parietal cortex activity as a function of the amount of information currently stored in working memory. Working memory deficits have long been considered central to schizophrenia-related cognitive deficits, but the focus has been on paradigms involving some form of top-down control rather than pure storage of information, which may have unduly narrowed the focus on prefrontal dysfunction.
Markers of Poor Prognosis in Non-ST Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes Without Revascularization: A 3-Year Survival Analysis
Authors: Parkhomenko Alexander , Dovgan Natalia , Lutay Yaroslav , Kozhukhov Sergey
Published: August 2018

Introduction: The non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) account for more than 50% of the total number of patients with ACS. The mortality rates after NSTEMI are not significantly different when compared with patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the assessment of clinical, laboratory and instrumental data during hospital stay provide any additional independent information in predicting the 3-year major cardiac events after NSTE-ACS. Methods: We observed 490 consecutive patients, who were admitted to the emergency cardiology department with NSTE-ACS. The patients' baseline characteristics, blood analysis, left ventricle (LV) and renal function data were assessed and analyzed. The median follow‑up time was 36 months. The endpoint was cardiovascular death. Results: The results of our study show that the risk of cardiovascular death during the three years follow-up after multivariate adjustment increases with older age (> 64 years), history of diabetes, prior myocardial infarction and history of angina pectoris, lower ejection fraction (<50%), degree of myocardial hypertrophy (the thickness of the interventricular septum >1.25 mm) of the LV and the degree of diastolic dysfunction (E-wave deceleration time (DT) < 150 ms), silent myocardial ischemia during first 24-hours, high pulse pressure on Day 1 (>49 mm Hg), glucose level > 7.5 mmol/l on admission and moderate kidney dysfunction (CrCl <60 ml/min). Conclusion: In patients with NSTE-ACS, we report the cardiovascular death risk factors within the 3-year follow-up period in the present study. We thus conclude that it is important to identify the patients with high risk of future cardiovascular complications.
Influence of technogenic loading of pyrogenic origin on the geochemical migration of heavy metals
Authors: Buts Y. , Asotskyi V. , Kraynyuk O. , Ponomarenko R.
Published: August 2018

The study of geochemical aspects of the transformation of migration properties of heavy metals under the influence of anthropogenic loading of pyrogenic origin has been given insufficient attention. We studied the concentration of heavy metals in soils by atomic absorption analysis. The results indicate the transformation of their migration properties. The diversity and versatility of behaviour of chemical elements in environmental components after fire was noted. In different ecological conditions, it is possible to observe a wide range of quantitative values of geochemical migration or accumulation of any particular chemical element. The analytical results show that the contents of migrant elements, pH values, areas of disasters which are approximately in the same conditions, but passed by the grass or upper fire differ quite tangibly. Heavy metals that hit the environment can form difficult soluble hydroxides. In addition, in the soil solution, there is a probability of the formation of hydroxocomplexes with different amounts of hydroxide ions by metals. The range of precipitation of hydroxides and the region of predominance of soluble hydroxocomplexes have been studied by constructing concentration-logarithmicdiagrams. On the basis of the calculations it can be argued that the influence of technogenic loading of pyrogenic origin influences the geochemical migration of heavy metals . Compounds Fe3+ at the pH = 4.5-14, Cu2+ at pH = 7-14, Cr2+ at pH = 7-9, Zn2+ at pH= 8-11, Ni2+ at pH = 8-14 have the lowest migration potential. Compounds Pb2+ at pH = 9-12, Fe2+ - pH = 9.5-14 have the lowest migration potential also. In a more acidic environment, soluble substances are formed, but at a pH increase of only 0.5-1, they can decrease their mobility by an order of magnitude which contributes to their concentration in the soils after the fire. In a neutral soil reaction, most of the heavy metals (Al, Cr, Zn, Cu, Fe (II), Ni) are in a slightly soluble form (in the form of hydroxides), with insignificant, migration capacity which leads to the accumulation of these chemical elements in the soil. It is necessary to allocate heavy metals moving in a neutral environment (Fe (II), Cd, Co, Mg, Mn) into a separate group. Any increase in pH values contributes to their fixation. The obtained calculations can be used to predict the geochemical migration of heavy metals in soils which result from anthropogenic disasters of a pyrogenic origin.
Cелитебні ландшафти долин малих річок Середнього Побужжя
Authors: Denysyk H. I. , Lavryk O. D. , Berchak V. S.
Published: August 2018

Наведено характеристику селитебних ландшафтів, що сформувалися в межах долин малих річок Середнього Побужжя. Визначено приуроченість поселень відносно долинно-річкових типів місцевостей. Встановлено, що найпридатніші для формування селитебних ландшафтів - надзаплавно-терасові та схилові ділянки річкових долин. Вони найактивніше використовуються для забудови, ведення садівництва і городництва, добування корисних копалин, формування мережі доріг та стежок. Охарактеризовано сільські, містечкові та міські типи ландшафтів, що сформувалися внаслідок селитебної діяльності на означеній території. На прикладі долин річок Тепличка, Свинарка, Тульчинка, Тростянка, Дохна, Берладинка розкрито процес формування селитебних ландшафтних комплексів у історичному розрізі. Закартовано сучасну ландшафтну структуру селитебних ландшафтів у долинах річок Берладинка і Дохна в межах міста Бершадь Вінницької області. Визначено історію трансформації долинних ландшафтних комплексів у результаті формування і розвитку поселень та розкрито практику закордонного досвіду в напрямі натуралізації селитебного середовища. Обґрунтовано актуальність проведеного дослідження з огляду на докорінну перебудову долинно-річкових ландшафтів за дії селитебного процесу.
Закономірності зміни складу руд Інгулецького ГЗКу
Authors: Shepelyuk M. O. , Evtekhov V. D. , Smirnov O. Ya.
Published: August 2018

Викладені результати узагальнення та аналізу даних про геологічну позицію покладів і мінеральний та хімічний склад руд семи мінералого-технологічних різновидів, які складають продуктивну товщу Інгулецького родовища. Руди кожного різновиду характеризуються чіткою стратиграфічною прив’язкою. Першому різновиду відповідає шостий залізистий горизонт; другому – п’ятий залізистий; третьому – п’ятий сланцевий; четвертому – четвертий залізистий; п’ятий різновид об’єднує верхню частину розрізу другого залізистого горизонту, а також третій, четвертий сланцеві та третій залізистий горизонти; шостому різновиду відповідає центральна частина другого залізистого горизонту; сьомому – базальні верстви другого залізистого горизонту. Оскільки для кожного стратиграфічного горизонту властива аутигенна мінералогічна зональність, мінералого-технологічні різновиди руд характеризуються значною неоднорідністю мінерального та хімічного складу. Додатковим фактором варіативності якісних показників руд є чітко проявлена вертикальна зональність рудних покладів. Верхня їх частина складена гематитовими кварцитами (продуктами гіпергенних змін первинних магнетитових кварцитів); проміжна – мінералогічно і хімічно незміненими, але розущільненими їх різновидами. Починаючи з глибини -250 м, магнетитові кварцити належать до зони цементації кори вивітрювання, характеризуються підвищеним вмістом заліза та показниками фізичних (густина, об’ємна маса) та технічних (міцність, буримість, подрібнюваність) параметрів. Зазначене ускладнює виконання оперативного та перспективного планування геологорозвідувальних, гірничодобувних робіт, збагачення руд. У зв’язку із цим необхідна актуалізація існуючої мінералоготехнологічної, а на її основі – мінералого-технічної класифікацій руд.
A METHOD FOR DETERMINING OF OPTIMAL TILT ANGLE AND ORIENTATION OF PV MODULES BASED ON MEASURED SOLAR RADIANCE DATA
Authors: Gaevskii A. Y. , Gaevskaya A. N.
Published: August 2018

For calculating and designing of photovoltaic (PV) plant, it is necessary to choose the optimal tilt angle and azimuth orientation of solar panels which will largely determine the electricity output produced by future PV plant during an operational calendar period. However, in order to determine these angles experimentally by monitoring the PV plant electricity yield at different panel’s positions, it will take many years. Therefore, it is advisable to develop a theoretical model, which a priori calculates the optimal tilt and azimuth angles of panels amounted in fixed positions. This paper assumes the maximum of the total radiation arrival per unit area on the receiving surface over the calendar period of PV plant operation as an optimization criterion for these angles. The calculation scheme has been applied for the whole year, for four year seasons and for a whole year period except winter. In the developed optimization method, the initial data are the geographical coordinates of the PV plant, the hourly sums of direct and diffuse radiation on the horizontal plane, as well as the reflectivity of the earth's surface. These data obtained by averaging the long-term measurements of the main solar radiation components are experimental ones. The developed computational scheme is based on nonlinear equations for the optimal tilt angles of panels first obtained for anisotropic solar radiation models. This scheme allows us to calculate the optimal panel angles for any operational PV plant period and for any region for which experimental radiation data are available. As the examples, we have calculated the graphs of the average daily radiation arrival dependencies on the panel’s position angles and have determined the optimal fixed tilt and azimuth angles for six cities of Russia located in different climatic zones. The method allows us to evaluate the gain in the electricity yield of PV plant when choosing the optimum tilt angles and azimuth of the panels, and to a djust the tilt angles to the optimum values for each season if this is envisaged by the PV string design.
USING DNA BARCODE TO IMPROVE THE IDENTIFICATION OF MARINE FISH LARVAE, CASE STUDY COASTAL WATER NEAR JAKARTA AND BANDA SEA, INDONESIA
Authors: Wibowo Arif , Panggabaian Anthony Sisco , Zamroni Achmad , Priatna Asep , Yusuf Helman Nur
Published: August 2018

The sustainability of the exploitation of the Indonesian fishes depends heavily on many of fish’s basic information including both larvae distribution and dispersal. However, the identification of fish larvae and juvenile to species is very limited. In this study, we employed DNA barcoding techniques to identify marine fish larvae to a species level in Jakarta Bay and Banda Sea by comparing the querries with sequences from adult stage as reference library to contribute on biodiversity information on that particular area. The result revealed that in Jakarta Bay, the molecular marker of a 471 bp region of the mitchondrial cyctochrome c oxidase I gene (COI) has been successfully found to be species-specific, genetic distance within species (0.0 - 1.30 percent). There are total of 8 families, 5 genera and 5 species from a total 15 successful PCR that could be used to calculate the accuracy of larval fish identification in three taxonomic categories. Meanwhile in Banda Sea, for the adult specimens, after some of PCR experiment, we have successfully amplified 27 individuals, only 8 sequences available. There are a total 326 eggs and larvae which been collected from 19 stations, of the 28 successfully amplified PCR samples, 11 sequences were available for DNA analysis and at least 10 species used Banda Sea and surrounding area as their spawning ground. We prove the ability of COI barcodes to identify species level resolution from query sequences and to classify species from distinct geographical origins and determine of how the data retrieved give important information for proposing plans for conserving and managing of fisheries in the sea waters.
METHODOLOGY FOR STUDYING THE PROBLEM OF WAR AND PEACE IN PERSONAL RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
Authors: Z. V. Shwed
Published: August 2018

Purpose. The main purpose of this paper is to consider the methodological peculiarities in the formation and interpretation of war and peace, in the context of the spiritual (irrational) rethinking by humanity and the nature of social phenomena, among which a special place is occupied by the political and legal phenomena of the modern world. This involves solving the following tasks: firstly, to reveal the meaning of modern approaches in understanding the features of religious fundamentalism, and, secondly, to reconstruct the dynamics of transformations in representations of war and peace, in the context of the spiritual practices of the present. Theoretical basis. The author's analysis is based on the systematic reconstruction of modern theoretical models of understanding religious fundamentalism and its connection with the subject of modern anthropological research. The resulted fact that the taxonomy of different types of religious fundamentalism includes more political, legal and economic markers does not provide an answer to the question of what the qualitative influence of the fundamentalist ideas is on the spiritual component of a person's life. Appealing to the problem of religious fundamentalism, in the context of rethinking the phenomena of war and peace, is associated with the actualization of these phenomena in the communicational, media and ideological spheres. That is why, in the context of this analysis, we take into account the main modern approaches in the provisions of religious traditions. These articulate the problems of threat to the global world in the context of actualization and return of the religious factor into the everyday life of a person, including through politics. Originality. The author proves that when analyzing the religious aspect in the reinterpretation of ideas about war and peace, it is necessary to consider, as a doctrinal component, certain types of religious belief doctrines, as well as the individual psychological peculiarities of man. These peculiarities, which are manifested in different types of beliefs, can be verified by the clues in the analysis of religious practices, which represent the meaningful components of the religious doctrine. Conclusions. The reasons for forming ideas about war and peace in theistic religions are a number of provisions related to the nature of the world and of man. They are the result of the manifestation of the act of the Supernatural Essence. In the tradition of rethinking the vocation of man in the context of fundamentalist discourse, these ideas acquire the status of spiritually determined and politically achievable goals. These are conceived in connection with the establishment of the Divine Plan, and they overcome the gap between the material world and the ideal world order.
DIFFERENT HUMAN IMAGES AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL COLISSIONS OF POST-MODERNISM EPOCH: BIOPHILOSOPHICAL INTERPRETATION
Authors: Kostyuchkov S. K.
Published: August 2018

Purpose. The research is aimed at substantiation of the process of formation of various human images in the postmodernism era in the context of biophilosophy, taking into account the need to find an adequate response to historical challenges and the production of new value orientations reflecting succession of civilization development. Theoretical basis. The author in his theoretical constructs proceeds from the need of taking into account the biophilosophical aspect of postmodern man, as the one who, remaining a representative of the species Homo sapiens, began to dynamically change, losing (weakening) its own natural and functional qualities, acquiring to a large extent the socio-technology-related qualities. The thesis that in the postmodern society the moral and legal foundations of existence of human being, as the subject of actions and responsibility for these actions, practically coincide with the biological foundations is taken as initial argument. New biological knowledge, as well as the related technologies, orient the public consciousness towards production of fundamentally new or modernization of the existing bio-philosophical ideas. The author's vision of the anthropological collision of the Post-Modernism era is caused by the fact that the issues of a postmodern man acquire a special urgency at the end of the ХХ – early XXI century. A progressive disproportion between a human being, whose abilities as a representative of the species Homo sapiens are biologically limited, and the human community, which sees no limits in its information and technological expansion, is of current interest. Originality. The author reveals the key features of the Post-Modernism era, in which a fundamentally different civilizational space originates, and where a new type of person emerges in its internal culture, which is called the postmodern man. The postmodern man was considered through the prism of bio-philosophy. Its interest in man is caused by his or her place in nature, the prospects of development at the individual, population and species levels. Conclusions. In the process of development of bio-philosophy, its research field will be naturally expanded with the use of philosophical means of perception of life as such and filling the bio-philosophy with philosophical and biological issues. In contemporary conditions, the study of the boundaries of biological reality and its previously unknown properties, definition of new horizons of theoretical knowledge in the science of life, the critical rethinking of the concepts of biocentrism and anthropocentrism in the space of modern scientific knowledge, the definition of perspective trends in the study of man, his or her place and role in the planetary being is of great importance.
PERSONAL PHILOSOPHIZING MOTIVES: DESCARTES AND KIERKEGAARD
Authors: A. M. Malivskyi
Published: August 2018

Purрose of the рaрer is to emphasize affinity and succession in the aррroaches of Descartes and Kierkegaard to the interpretation of key factors of their philosophical search. It could be implemented through understanding such viewpoints of both thinkers as a) appropriate reasons for human existence; b) possible factors for human freedom as a condition of self-actualization; c) original approach to prove the existence of God. Theoretical basis. The use of phenomenology and hermeneutics enable us to comprehend the key philosopher’s ideas as the manifestation of their personalities. Originality. The author believes that it is quite right to refer to the philosophy of the early modern period as a form of its demand fulfillment for human development. An essential prerequisite for revealing the toрic of the article is a focus on the latest investigations of Descartes’ philosophy, which demonstrate the anthropological significance. Since Kierkegaard’s viewpoint was developed through depersonalized understanding of philosophy, related motives of their thoughts are expressed by emphasizing their personal motives of philosophizing. This affinity is reflected firstly, in distancing from depersonalized and dehumanized world view; secondly, in religion-oriented search and proof of God’s existence based on human nature. Conclusions. Due to the modern state of historical and philosophical science, it is possible to argue that Descartes and Kierkegaard had content-related philosophizing motives, which are close to current search. Interpreting Descartes’ anthropological project by Kierkegaard, the author states the accepted determining influence of Hegel’s philosophy interpretation in general and his interpretation of Descartes, in particular. This argument allows to understand Kierkegaard’s search as Hegel’s deconstruction, because further uncritical retention and reproduction of his viewpoints are evaluated as a threat to fulfill human spiritual calling. A common and important thing in the views of both thinkers is their strong interest in individual and personal aspects of human nature as a constituent factor of God’s existence.
UNSTEADY OPERATING MODES OF THE MAIN DRIVE UNIT OF A MACHINE-TOOLS FOR SOLID RAILWAY WHEELS PROCESSING
Authors: R. P. Pogrebnyak
Published: August 2018

Purpose. The paper deals with determining the conditions of the dynamic overload formation for a drive unit in the wheel-processing machine in various unsteady operating modes and suggests ways to reduce it. Methodology. The problem was solved by creating a dynamic computational multi-mass chain model followed by modeling of its loading by external force options, the values of which were obtained by analytical and experimental methods. The solution to equations of motion with determining the load of the drive unit in the transient acceleration mode and in the tie-in one was carried out by means of MathCad. Findings. The design scheme for the drive unit of the rotational movement of the machine faceplate is represented by a linear three-mass row system with two elastic connections and with three absolute degrees of freedom. The analytical determination of the cutting force moments takes into account changes in the kinematic parameters of the cutting regime when machining the different sections of the profile with cup-tip tool. The worst case of load application is accepted with simultaneous insertion of tools. The equivalent torque of the cutting forces is defined as the sum of the moments from each of the tools at multi-cut machining. The moments of elasticity of bonds in the steady state of the machine drive unit are determined. Dynamic loads with coefficients of dynamism in the bonds Kd12 = 1.13 and Kd23 = 1.04 are insignificant in the tie-in mode and rapidly decrease their value. Absolute values of the twisting elastic moment in the C23 bond in the start-up mode are insignificant and much less than the values of the steady load. Using the method of calculation and experimental research, a significant dynamic overload of the machine drive unit in the mode of rheostat start-up by a directcurrent motor was established. The reactive elastic moment with the periodic change is 2.7 times higher than the nominal moment of steady processing regime. Originality. Authors created the elastic dynamic model of the machine drive unit for the processing of railway wheels. In accordance with the model, the equations of mass motion and bond loading are compiled and solved. The theoretical conditions for reducing the drive unit loading are determined. Practical value. Based on the simulation of the transient drive start-up process, significant overloads of its elements have been determined. They are several times higher than the response of elastic bonds during cutting. To prevent this, it is recommended to change the mode of multistage starting of the engine with a decrease of the starting current by at least two times up to a value of not more than 1 200 A.
PHYSICO-TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF WORK OF LUBRICANT FILMS IN THE TRIBOSYSTEM "OVERHEAD LINE – CURRENT COLLECTOR CONTACT STRIP"
Authors: Ustymenko D. V.
Published: August 2018

Purpose. The article aimed at comprehensive analysis of the processes occurring in the lubricant films of the friction surfaces of the tribosystem «overhead line – current collector contact strip» (OLCCCS) and identification of the features of such systems. Methodology. The systematic analysis was used as the main methodology for studying the physico-technological aspects of work of the lubricant films in the tribosystem «overhead line – current collector contact strip». Findings. The theory of electro-friction interaction is now at such a stage that is characterized by a large amount of accumulated empirical data, hypotheses and models that cannot adequately represent phenomena in a sliding, high-current electrical contact. The sliding electrical contact of the tribosystem «overhead line – current collector contact strip» during the operation is affected by many factors, one of which is the processes in the lubricating layers of the friction pair. The work leads to a new level of understanding of the peculiarities of the processes occurring in the lubricating layers and their effect on the work of a sliding, high-current electrical contact, which can become the guarantee of significant increase in the efficiency of such systems and, as a consequence, substantially increase the reliability and safety of the work of the electric stock. Originality. It is proposed to consider the processes of electro-friction interaction of electrical contacts from the position of synergy using the theory of fractals as the core one for the quantitative description of self-organizing structures. Practical value. Taking into account the empirical experience of operation of the tribosystem «overhead line – current collector contact strip» in combination with theoretical knowledge allows us to propose three possible directions for solving tribological problems in high-current sliding electrical contacts. They are: 1) change in contact geometry and surface topography, for example, the use of regular macrorelief of contact surfaces; 2) development of conductive composites which are characterised with self-lubrication, for example the use of composite materials containing solid conductive lubricants; 3) development of effective lubricants for electric high-current sliding contacts, which may require some complication of the component design.
WATER CLEANING FROM RESIDUES OF MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
Authors: L. F. Dolina  , O. P. Savina
Published: August 2018

Purpose. The paper aimed at analyzing the presence of residual quantities of medicinal preparations in the water of Ukraine and the world. Based on the world and own experience to propose methods for waters cleaning from medicines. Methodology. The research was carried out on the basis of analysis of scientific sources and reporting data on the availability of medicines in the water of Ukraine, European countries, the USA (1999-2017). Findings. Analyzed sources inform that the main environmental threat of a global scale is the presence of medicines in drinking water. The treatment facilities are not suitable for the detection and decomposition of medicinal preparations. The fight against these substances is not envisaged all over the world. The authors present the results of a comprehensive review of issues related to the determination of the medicines availability in various waters, their concentrations and the most dangerous medicinal preparations - toxicants. Medications can be accumulated not only in the body of humans and animals, but also in marine and river fish, etc. The impact of even trace amounts of certain medicines (drugs, hormones) can have a negative effect on the health of more vulnerable segments of population, such as children. It was found that the main culprit of hormonal water pollution is agriculture, namely animal husbandry. Originality. The paper summarizes available and presents new methods and technologies for water cleaning, such as: electrochemical, membrane, adsorption based on activated carbon, ultrasonic treatment in the presence of catalysts, treatment of water with enzymes and persulfates. As the second way to reduce the number of medicines in the water, it is proposed to produce environmentally friendly medicines. Practical value. Water problems are the main ones all over the world and in Ukraine as well. It is necessary to provide the additional financing to solve the problem of water cleaning from medicines not on a residual principle, but considering that water is the basis of life on the Earth, and in general the health and life of mankind depends on the quality of water.
Comunicar emociones en el discurso metapolítico de twitter: el caso de #MADURO versus @NICOLASMADURO
Authors: Fernandez Vallejo Ana Maria
Published: August 2018

Redes sociales, como Twitter o Facebook, están permitiendo un espacio esencial para el desarrollo del debate político. En este estudio, investigamos cómo se comunican las emociones en este entorno público prestando una especial atención a qué emociones emergen, qué estimulo las provoca, y con qué objetivo y de qué modo se comunican. Se analiza un corpus de 1353 tuits, que contiene #Maduro (Subcorpus1) o @NicolasMaduro (Subcorpus2). Estos tuits se publicaron el 24 de julio de 2017, fecha equidistante entre el 16 de julio, día en que la oposición a Maduro convoca un referéndum y, el 30 julio, día de la votación oficial para la Asamblea Constituyente. A través de la lectura directa de tuits y combinando el método cuantitativo y cualitativo, demostramos que las emociones son una parte esencial de esta red y, entre ellas, las más frecuentes son ‘ira’ y ‘temor’. Asimismo, el análisis reveló que este corpus, claramente polarizado, reúne más tuits en contra de Maduro que a favor. Respecto a las funciones, cabe destacar cómo Twitter se convierte en una herramienta persuasiva de campaña, con dos funciones clave ‘criticar’ o ‘apoya’ a Maduro. Finalmente, el análisis formal arroja un mayor número de expresiones emocionales negativas (léxico emocional, trolling e insultos).
Contributions of academic articles to the practice of journalism and data management
Authors: Portilla Idoia
Published: August 2018

The increasing number of open data resources and the arrival of big data have boosted the data available as a source of news. Journalists need new skills for collecting the data and creating the news. In addition, all this data can also be used to provide new media services and to take media business decisions, and journalists need new skills related to data for these tasks. Taking into account these areas of knowledge required by journalists for the use of data, we perform a structured literature review (SLR) followed by a content analysis. The results confirm the relevance of data management in journalistic practice, requiring skills in statistics, data visualization, technology, but also in ethics, marketing or audience monitoring.
Dramatic Response to Concurrent Anti-PD-1 Therapy and Radiation in Resistant Tumors with Sarcomatoid Differentiation
Authors: Tolay Sameer , Nair Ranjit , McIntosh Alyson F. , Sopka Dennis M. , Nair Suresh G.
Published: August 2018

A substantial fraction of patients demonstrate resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors, which limits their use. Use of radiation concurrently with checkpoint inhibitors has been shown to boost immune responsiveness, resulting in significant tumor regression in patients with metastatic melanoma. However, it is unknown whether radiation could play a role in reversing the inherent resistance to checkpoint inhibition in certain tumor types. Most trials testing this concurrent approach exclude such modestly responsive tumors and pursue checkpoint inhibition using anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 antibody (anti-CTLA-4, ipilimumab). The efficacy of anti-programmed-death-1 (anti-PD-1) therapy when used concurrently with radiation is less known but remains an attractive option due to less autoimmune toxicity compared with CTLA-4 inhibition. In this first reported experience, we have safely and effectively combined anti-PD-1 therapy (nivolumab) concurrently with radiation to treat two patients with relapsed sarcomatoid renal carcinoma and heavily pretreated pleomorphic sarcoma. Both patients experienced a dramatic response that was durable.
Koroner Anjiografi Laboratuvarına Sevki Yapılan Hastalarda; Depresyon, Anksiyete Ve Koroner Arter Hastalığı Ciddiyeti İlişkisi
Authors: AKKAYA Süleyaman , POLAT Cegerğun , EDE Hüseyin , ÖZTÜRK Önder
Published: August 2018

AMAÇ: Bu çalışmanın amacı, koroner anjiyografi (KAG)
laboratuvarına sevk edilen hastalarda koroner arter hastalığı (KAH) varlığının
anksiyete ve depresyon gibi psikolojik bozuklıuklar ile ilişkisini
değerlendirmektir.   YÖNTEM
VE GEREÇ: Koroner anjiografi
yapılan 163 hasta ardışık olarak çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tüm hastaların
sosyodemografik özellikleri, kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri, klinik
özellikleri ve mevcut kullandığı ilaçları kaydedildi. Koroner anjiyografi
sonrası anksiyete ve depresyon seviyeleri, Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon
Ölçeğine (HADÖ) göre incelendi. KAH ciddiyetini sınıflamak için KAG sonuçlarına
göre hastalar aşağıdaki gibi sınıflandırıldı: perkütan koroner girişim (PKG);
koroner by-pass greftleme (CABG); non-kritik koroner lezyonlar; normal koroner
arterler. Sosyodemografik özellikler, klinik özellikler, koroner arter
ciddiyeti HAD ölçümleriyle uygun biçimde karşılaştırıldı. BULGULAR: Çalışmaya 62 kadın hasta (%38) dahil
edildi. 62 hastaya PKG uygulanıken 30 hasta CABG’ye gönderildi. 55 hastad
non-kritik KAH varken 12 hastada normal koroner arterler (yavaş akım dahil)
mevcuttu. Sosyodemografik faktörler arasında sadece kadın hastalar, düşük
gelirli hastalar veya uyku sorunu olan hastalar sırasıyla erkek hastalara,
yüksek geliri olan hastalara veya uyku sorunu olmayanlara kıyasla daha yüksek
HAD değerlerine sahipti. Sosyodemografik özellikler, kardiyovasküler risk
faktörleri, klinik özellikler ve KAG sonuçlarını içeren çok değişkenli
regresyon analizinde, anksiyete için sadece uykusuzluk varlığı (β=0,243;
p<0,05) ve KAG sonuçlarının (β=0,202; p<0,05) bağımsız değişken olduğu
bulunurken buna karşın depresyon için sadece yaş bulundu.

SONUÇ: Çalışmada KAH’nin hastaların anksiyete seviyeleri
ile ilişkili olabileceğini bulduk.
Fatores de influência na adesão e na resistência mecânica de peças poliméricas soldadas por atrito rotacional: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Borges Ricardo Coleoni , Villanova Daniela Lupinacci , Francisquetti Edson
Published: August 2018

O uso de materiais poliméricos na indústria tem ganhado cada vez mais espaço. Devido à sua aplicabilidade, a união de diversos componentes é comumente necessária. Métodos usuais de união de polímeros são fixadores mecânicos, adesivos e processos de soldagem polimérica. Na união por soldagem por atrito rotacional, o calor é gerado por intermédio de movimento mecânico (fricção) interno, fundindo ou amolecendo o polímero na região da interface, propiciando difusão intermolecular e emaranhamento das cadeias. Para melhor compreensão dos fenômenos que influenciam na resistência de peças poliméricas soldadas, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura por meio de levantamento bibliográfico nos bancos de dados Science Direct, Portal de Periódicos da Capes e Google Scholar com critérios pré-definidos. Constatou-se que as etapas de maior influência na resistência mecânica de juntas soldadas são as de aquecimento e resfriamento, além de outros aspectos como utilização adequada de perfis de solda, uso de materiais com propriedades bem dimensionadas ao processo e peças com bom acabamento superficial (sem a presença de aditivos, contaminantes ou outros).
Effect of calming conversation on anxiety levels in Cesarean section
Authors: Kocamer Şimşek Betül , Kocamer Şahin Şengül , AKYILMAZ Ahmet Aykut , ÖZKAPLAN Şükran Esra , Özdurak İbrahim Halil
Published: August 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of anxiety of patients undergoing elective Caesarean section under spinal anesthesia to ascertain the factors related to anxiety and the effect of calming conversation on the anxiety level.Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 156 patients as Group 1 (96) and Group 2 (60). The patients in Group 1 were distracted with calming conversationting during the surgery and in Group 2, the patient’s questions were answered but the surgical team did not calming conversation. All patients completed the the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: The preoperative STAI scores were similar in both groups. Although midazolam administration was higher in Group 2, the postoperative STAI scores were significantly lower in Group 1. In both groups, the anxiety scores decreased significantly in the postoperative period. Smoking was found to be related with higher STAI scores. Nausea was related with higher preoperative and postoperative STAI scores. Patients who were employed related lower STAI scores. Conclusion: Calming conversationting with patients, which is easy, has no cost and does not harm the infant or mother, decreased the STAI scores better than midazolam