bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caring and Esthetics: An Argument for a Nursing Ontology and Epistemology
Authors: Welch Susan
Published: September 2020

Within the discipline of nursing, two main areas of philosophical inquiry include ontology and epistemology. The purpose of this article is to examine nursing ontology and epistemology and to encourage further philosophical discussion within the discipline, in particular, to describe, distinguish between, and provide not only further philosophical discussion but an argument for nursing ontology and epistemology, respectively. The author's argument for nursing ontology is nursing is caring, while the epistemological argument is esthetic knowing is the knowledge of nursing practice.
Don't Take Away My Spark to Care: A Humane Approach in Nursing Education
Authors: Hermann Mary L.
Published: September 2020

Nursing educators are challenged to construct nursing curricula that seek to prepare competent, humanistic nurses sustaining the spark to care. A qualitative research study, grounded in the phenomenological approach of Colaizzi (1978), explored the impact of a course, titled Body, Mind and Spirit: The Humanities in Nursing, to support this humanistic aspiration. The research findings suggest that the course experience impacted the students in augmenting an understanding of the human condition through the lens of humanities' modalities. The intentional, integration of humanities in nursing courses has the potential to sustain the student inspiration to provide humanistic care.
Pengaruh Suhu Kalsinasi terhadap Karakteristik Komposit Forsterit-Karbon Tersintesis dalam Medium Gas Argon
Authors: Solihudin Solihudin , Haryono Haryono , Noviyanti Atiek Rostika , Ridwansyah Muhammad Rizky
Published: September 2020

Komposit forsterit-karbon merupakan salah satu material modifikasi dari forsterit yang berpotensi memiliki sifat isolator panas baik. Karbon dalam komposit dapat mengisi cacat titik pada kristal forsterit. Arang sekam padi (residu gasifikasi) mengandung SiO2 amorf dan karbon yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh suhu kalsinasi dalam medium gas inert (dengan pengaliran gas argon) terhadap karakteristik komposit forsterit-karbon dari arang sekam padi dan magnesium karbonat. Metode penelitian meliputi preparasi arang sekam padi hasil gasifikasi, dan sintesis forsterit-karbon. Proses sintesis komposit forsterit karbon dilakukan dengan cara mencampurkan arang sekam padi dengan kalium karbonat pada rasio mol magmesium terhadap silikon sebesar 2 : 1 kemudian dikalsinasi dengan suhu divariasikan (700, 800, 900, dan 1000 oC). Selanjutnya sampel hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dan scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Hasil karakterisasi dengan FTIR dan XRD diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa forsterit mulai terbentuk pada suhu kalisiasi 800 oC dan sempurna pada suhu 1000 oC, karenanya komposit yang terbentuk pada 1000 oC dimungkinkan sebagai forsterit-karbon, di mana unsur-unsur yang terkandung ditunjukkan oleh SEM-EDS.

 

The Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Characteristics of Forsterite-Carbon Composites Synthesized in Argon Gas Medium. Forsterite-carbon composite is one of the material modifications of forsterite, which potentially has a good heat insulation property. Carbon in composites can fill point defects in forsterite crystals. Rice husk charcoal, as gasification residues, contains high amorphous SiO2 and carbon. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on the calcination of a mixture of rice husk charcoal and magnesium carbonate under an inert gas (argon gas) on the characteristics of the forsterite-carbon composite produced. The experimental research performed includes the preparation of gasified rice husk charcoal and the synthesis of the carbon-forsterite composite. The synthesis process of the carbon-forsterite composites was carried out by mixing rice husk charcoal with potassium carbonate at a mole ratio of magnesium to silicon of 2 : 1. The mixture was then calcined with varying temperatures (700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C). Furthermore, the synthesized sample was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The FTIR and XRD analysis show that the forsterites began to form at a calcination temperature of 800 °C and perfectly formed at a temperature of 1000 °C; therefore, the composite formed at 1000 °C is possible as forsterite-carbon, in which the contained elements were indicated by SEM-EDS.
Pengaruh Jumlah Katalis CaO Terhadap Karakteristik Produk pada Sintesis Gliserol Karbonat
Authors: Fitriyano Gema , B Syamsudin A , Adiwarna Adiwarna , Fauziah Sarah
Published: September 2020

Senyawa gliserol karbonat merupakan turunan gliserol yang saat ini masih berkembang pemanfaatannya. Sintesis gliserol karbonat menggunakan gliserol dan urea menjanjikan untuk diaplikasikan karena bahan baku yang lebih mudah didapatkan, penanganan lebih sederhana dan lebih murah dibandingkan proses sintesis lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi terhadap produk hasil reaksi gliserolisis urea yang dioperasikan pada kondisi operasi suhu 140oC, tekanan 0,7 atm selama 4 jam dengan variasi jumlah katalis CaO 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5% mol. Bahan hasil reaksi dianalisis gugus fungsinya menggunakan instrumen Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR)dan komposisi senyawanya menggunakan instrumen Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan terhadap produk, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa kondisi optimum pada penelitian ini terlihat pada produk hasil reaksi gliserolsis urea dengan jumlah penggunaan katalis 5% mol dengan nilai konversi 23%.

The Influence of the Catalyst Amount of CaO on the Product Characteristics in Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis. Glycerol carbonate is a glycerol derivative that is currently still developing its use. The synthesis of glycerol carbonate using glycerol and urea promises to be applied because raw materials are easier to obtain, handling is simpler and cheaper than other synthesis processes. This study aims to characterize the product of the urea glycerolysis reaction in the operating conditions of 140oC, thepressure of 0,7 atm for 4 hours with variation in the amount of CaO catalyst 1, 2, 3, 4,and 5% mol. Characterization of the reaction products was analyzed by functional groups using the FTIR instrument and compound composition analysis using the GC-MS instrument. According tothe results of the analysis carried out on the product, it was concluded that the optimum conditions in this study were seen in the product of the reaction of urea glycerolsis with 5% mol catalyst amount with a 23% conversion.

 
Towards Making Fuzzy Techniques More Adequate for Combining Knowledge of Several Experts
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Phuong , Kreinovich Vladik ,   Division Informatics, Math-Informatics Faculty, Thang Long University Nghiem Xuan Yem Road, Hoang Mai District, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at El Paso 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
Published: September 2020

In medical and other applications, expert often use rules with several conditions, each of which involve a quantity within the domain of expertise of a different expert. In such situations, to estimate the degree of confidence that all these conditions are satisfied, we need to combine opinions of several experts – i.e., in fuzzy techniques, combine membership functions corresponding to different experts. In each area of expertise, different experts may have somewhat different membership functions describing the same natural-language (“fuzzy”) term like small. It is desirable to present the user with all possible conclusions corresponding to all these membership functions. In general, even if, for each area of expertise, we have only a 1-parametric family characterizing different membership function, then for rules with 3 conditions, we already have a difficult-to-interpret 3-parametric family of possible consequences. It is thus desirable to limit ourselves to the cases when the resulting family is still manageable – e.g., is 1-parametric. In this paper, we provide a full description of all such families. Interestingly, it turns out that such families are possible only if we allow non-normalized membership functions, i.e., functions for which the maximum may be smaller than 1. We argue that this is a way to go, since normalization loses some information that we receive from the experts.
A New (Simplified) Derivation of Nash’s Bargaining Solution
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Phuong , Bokati Laxman , Kreinovich Vladik ,   Division Informatics, Math-Informatics Faculty, Thang Long University Nghiem Xuan Yem Road, Hoang Mai District, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Computational Science Program, University of Texas at El Paso 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA,   Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at El Paso 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
Published: September 2020

According to the Nobelist John Nash, if a group of people wants to selects one of the alternatives in which all of them get a better deal than in a status quo situations, then they should select the alternative that maximizes the product of their utilities. In this paper, we provide a new (simplified) derivation of this result, a derivation which is not only simpler – it also does not require that the preference relation between different alternatives be linear.
How to Describe Conditions Like 2-out-of-5 in Fuzzy Logic: A Neural Approach
Authors: Kosheleva Olga , Kreinovich Vladik , Nguyen Hoang Phuong ,   Department of Teacher Education, University of Texas at El Paso 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA,   Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at El Paso 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA,   Division Informatics, Math-Informatics Faculty, Thang Long University Nghiem Xuan Yem Road, Hoang Mai District, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: September 2020

In many medical applications, we diagnose a disease and/or apply a certain remedy if, e.g., two out of five conditions are satisfied. In the fuzzy case, i.e., when we only have certain degrees of confidence that each of n statement is satisfied, how do we estimate the degree of confidence that k out of n conditions are satisfied? In principle, we can get this estimate if we use the usual methodology of applying fuzzy techniques: we represent the desired statement in terms of “and” and “or,” and use fuzzy analogues of these logical operations. The problem with this approach is that for large n, it requires too many computations. In this paper, we derive the fastest-to-compute alternative formula. In this derivation, we use the ideas from neural networks.
Theoretical Explanation of Recent Empirically Successful Code Quality Metrics
Authors: Kreinovich Vladik , Masmali Omar A. , Nguyen Hoang Phuong , Badreddin Omar ,   Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at El Paso 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA,   Division Informatics, Math-Informatics Faculty, Thang Long University Nghiem Xuan Yem Road, Hoang Mai District, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: September 2020

Millions of lines of code are written every day, and it is not practically possible to perfectly thoroughly test all this code on all possible situations. In practice, we need to be able to separate codes which are more probable to contain bugs – and which thus need to be tested more thoroughly – from codes which are less probable to contain flaws. Several numerical characteristics – known as code quality metrics – have been proposed for this separation. Recently, a new efficient class of code quality metrics have been proposed, based on the idea to assign consequent integers to different levels of complexity and vulnerability: we assign 1 to the simplest level, 2 to the next simplest level, etc. The resulting numbers are then combined – if needed, with appropriate weights. In this paper, we provide a theoretical explanation for the above idea.
Modeling a Fuzzy System for Diagnosis of Syndromes with Integrated Eastern and Western Medicine Using the Importance of Symptoms
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Phuong ,   Informatics Division, Faculty of Mathematics-Informatics, Thang Long University Nghiem Xuan Yem Road, Hoang Mai District, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: September 2020

In this study, we present an approach to include the importance of symptoms for the diagnosis of syndromes with integrated eastern and western medicine. We also focus on knowledge representation and inference engine of our proposed system using the importance of symptoms. The innovative point of this study is combining the degree of diagnosis of syndrome of Eastern medicine with that of disease of Western medicine when both medicines are associated to a common “disease” name to obtain more accurate diagnosis. Moreover, the importance of symptoms in the inference rules in medical expert systems still has an important role in the diagnosis of syndromes. Based on this approach, the system can adapt more with real clinical practice of integrated eastern and western medicine diagnosis. Finally, examples are provided to demonstrate the advantage of this approach.
Improving Fairness in IEEE 802.11 EDCA Ad Hoc Networks Based on Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Hieu Luong Duy , Tung Bui The , Giang Pham Thanh , Vinh Thai Quang , Nam Le ,   Department of Computer Science, FPT University 113 Tran Duy Hung Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Institute of Information Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: September 2020

Wireless ad hoc network is a self-configurable and dynamically distributed network in which stations can move freely. In the ad hoc network, some flows have difficulty in accessing the channel due to contention at both the medium-access control (MAC) and link layers. The IEEE 802.11 protocol is currently the de facto standard for wireless networks. It uses enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) method to access the transmission environment of each type of data flow. The size of the contention window (CW) in EDCA is related to the probability of accessing the channel of each flow. In our approach, useful information is obtained from the physical, MAC, and link layers. A fuzzy logic system is then used to adjust the size of CW to rely on such value, thereby improving the fairness index of data flows (voice, video, best effort) in IEEE 802.11 EDCA. The simulation results show that the proposed method can improve the throughput and fairness index of data flows.
Building a Fuzzy System for Pulse Based Disease Diagnosis and Acupuncture Therapy
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Phuong , Thuy Truong Thi Hong ,   Division Informatics, Math-Informatics Faculty, Thanglong University Nghiem Xuan Yem Road Hoang Mai District, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam
Published: September 2020

Pulse-based disease diagnosis and acupuncture therapy are the key components of traditional Oriental medicine. This study aims to model the thinking of medical doctors with regard to their use of pulse-based diagnosis and acupuncture therapy. This paper focuses on a fuzzy inference and knowledge base, which are the main components of the system for pulse based disease diagnosis and acupuncture therapy. The input of the system is the pulse symptoms of the patient with fuzzy degrees, whereas the output is the disease diagnosis and acupuncture therapy prescription. In this system, the knowledge base consists of nearly 1,200 rules for diagnosis and treatment. An evaluation of a group of traditional medical doctors indicates that the results of the newly proposed system are in good accordance with those of doctors practicing traditional medicine. This approach leads to better results than previous approaches because it uses fuzzy logic, which is an appropriate tool here because most entities in traditional medicine are fuzzy in nature. The system of pulse-based disease diagnosis and acupuncture therapy can mimic the thinking of traditional practitioners, and it can be a “good teacher” for medical students who want to learn traditional Vietnamese medicine.
Visualization Method Corresponding to Regression Problems and Its Application to Deep Learning-Based Gaze Estimation Model
Authors: Kanda Daigo ,   Department of Intelligent Interaction Technologies, Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan, Kawai Shin , Nobuhara Hajime
Published: September 2020

The human gaze contains substantial personal information and can be extensively employed in several applications if its relevant factors can be accurately measured. Further, several fields could be substantially innovated if the gaze could be analyzed using popular and familiar smart devices. Deep learning-based methods are robust, making them crucial for gaze estimation on smart devices. However, because internal functions in deep learning are black boxes, deep learning systems often make estimations for unclear reasons. In this paper, we propose a visualization method corresponding to a regression problem to solve the black box problem of the deep learning-based gaze estimation model. The proposed visualization method can clarify which region of an image contributes to deep learning-based gaze estimation. We visualized the gaze estimation model proposed by a research group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The accuracy of the estimation was low, even when the facial features important for gaze estimation were recognized correctly. The effectiveness of the proposed method was further determined through quantitative evaluation using the area over the MoRF perturbation curve (AOPC).
تعليم اللغة العربية في غانا: التحديات والحلول
Authors: إبراهيم عباس شمس الدين
Published: September 2020

The research on the subject of Arabic language education in Ghana addresses challenges and solutions. It highlights the challenges faced by Arabic language education in Ghana from (al-kuttab), schools, institutes, and universities, and presents possible solutions to challenges through the use of the analytical and analytical approach. Living in Ghana, with no official bodies responsible for the development of Arabic in schools, the development of curriculum development and development, the status and development of teachers, and the lack of adequate support from Arab countries for Arabic, as do their counterparts in Ghana, such as French and Germans And its Chinese and other living languages that seek to revive their language at the official level
تعليم النحو العربي لغير الناطقين بالعربية على ضوء نظرية تشومسكي
Authors: البار ابتهال محمد
Published: September 2020

This research aims to study the concept of transformational-generative grammar by Noam Chomsky as well as the foundation of this theory and its actional principles in terms of language acquisition, and try to use the theoretical data in teaching Arabic grammar to non-native Arabic speakers. This can be done by using the analytical descriptive approach. This research is considered important because it deals with a modern linguistic theory which has a scientific value in the modern language lesson and employs it in the field of teaching Arabic grammar. The study has benefited from data of the transformational-generative grammar in the case of coping with teaching the rules of Arabic grammar to answer fundamental questions, which are: what are the foundations of transformational-generative grammar theory? What are the rules of transformational in Arabic grammar? What are the benefits of the transformational-generative grammar theory non-native Arabic speakers? The research concluded that the conscious practice of language takes place from a constructional point of view within the meaning and not just to the practical. Second language learner must be familiar with the vocal, and grammatical system in order to be able to practice the language with its rules. Finally, the aim is not to limit the linguistic attitudes in the educational process; as the generative grammar believes that a person has a tremendous ability to produce unlimited linguistic patterns of limited linguistic elements.
ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Acalypha hispida LEAVES IN FEMALE RATS: A PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Alfarisi Hamzah , Subangkit Mawar , Sa’diah Siti , Wresdiyati Tutik
Published: September 2020

This research aims to evaluate the safety of ethanolic extract of Acalypha hispida (A. hispida) leaves with acute toxicity test using 15 female rats strain Sprague-Dawley. A single dose of different doses of extract (2, 4, 8, and 16 g/kg body weight) was administrated orally, and theobservation was conducted for 14 days. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves was relatively harmless (LD50 16 g/kg BW), did not affect body weight, and did not show clinical signs of toxicity during the observation periods. The parameters of blood serumbiochemistry of all extract-treated groups (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea) did not change significantly  compared to the control group. The histological observation of the liver showed a significant increase in eosinophilic cytoplasm and basophilic nuclei at all doses. However, the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves did not significantly affect glomerulus/Bowman’s capsule ratio, glomerular cell density, and the proportion of normal cell tubule. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves was relatively harmless with LD5016 g/kg BW and seems to be safe in low doses (2 g/kg BW).
POTENTIAL ANTIVIRAL OF CATECHINS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES TO INHIBIT SARS-COV-2 RECEPTORS OF M pro PROTEIN AND SPIKE GLYCOPROTEIN IN COVID-19 THROUGH THE IN SILICO APPROACH
Authors: Frengki Frengki , Putra Deddi Prima , Wahyuni Fatma Sri , Khambri Daan , Vanda Henni , Sofia Vivi
Published: September 2020

Catechin and their derivatives have been studied to have antiviral potential against COVID-19 through in silico method “pharmacokinetics screening and molecular docking”. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles were obtained through the ADMETSAR server and SwissADME server. Then proceed with the prediction of affinity through the method molecular docking using the software application MOE 2007.09. The testmaterial is in the form of a 3D catechin structure and its derivatives as well as several control ligands downloaded via Pubmed. While templatethe Receptor M pro protein and the Spike glycoprotein are downloaded from pdb.org (PDB ID: 6LU7 and 6LXT). The pharmacokinetic profile of catechins is relatively better than all control ligands with the lowest toxicity. Molecular docking results also show that catechins and theirderivatives have a stronger affinity than control ligands. This research proves that catechin has antiviral potential through inhibition of Mpro protein and Spike glycoprotein COVID-19 virus.
THE POTENTIAL OF ADJUVANT AGAINST PRODUCTION OF ANTISTREPTOCOCCAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN Y (IGY) IN AQUACULTURE
Authors: Rizkiantino Rifky , Wibawan I Wayan Teguh , Pasaribu Fachriyan Hasmi , Soejoedono Retno Damajanti , Poetri Okti Nadia , Arnafia Wyanda , Sasi Kris Damar , Reisinta Dinda
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to explore the potential of adjuvant for the production of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) as antistreptococcosis in layer chicken with mass production orientation. Enterococcus faecalis which causes streptococcosis in the red tilapia was selected as a candidateantigen. The production of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) was carried out on Isa Brown layer chickens and aged around 20 weeks. Furthermore, thechickens were grouped into four groups (A, B, C, and D groups), each consisting of three chickens based on the type of adjuvant, while twochickens were used as a control group. Each group was treated by giving MONTANIDE™ ISA 71R VG adjuvant (A), Freund's adjuvant (B), aluminum potassium sulphate adjuvant (KAl(SO4)2∙12H2O) concentration of 50 ppm in pH 7 (C), and only antigens without adjuvant (D). Chickens were kept for 35 days and each week was checked for presence the IgY antigen in the serum and egg yolk. Booster was conducted on 14th and 28th days of maintenance. The results showed that IgY in treatment group A was detected on day 28 in the serum and day 35 in the yolk. Whereas the treatment group B could be detected on day 35 in the serum. However, the IgY was not detected in the serum and yolk in C, D, and control groups until the end of the maintenance. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the appearance of IgY in serum and yolk in a relatively fast time is obtained in the combination of Enterococcus faecalis antigen with the emulsion of water-in-oil adjuvant (SEPPICMONTANIDE™ ISA 71R VG) compared to the other types of adjuvant that use in this study.
THE EFFECT OF Moringa oleifera LEAF EXTRACT ON THECA CELL IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME MODEL WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE
Authors: Wulandari Lisa Purbawaning , Hapsari Anindya
Published: September 2020

The use of Moringa oleifera as an anti-oxidant should be investigated as an alternative treatment of follicular refinement in Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with insulin resistance. We aimed to prove the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in various dosages to decrease the thecacell thickness of PCOS female rat with insulin resistance. This study was a laboratory experimental research. Three month old Rattus norvegicusstrain Wistar rat weighing 100-130 g were divided into 5 groups (n= 8). PCOS model obtained by giving injection of testosterone propionate for28 days, followed by metformin therapy and Moringa oleifera leaf extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg BW for 14 days. The examination of ovariumhistology showed that leaf extract Moringa oleifera 500 mg/kg BW (0.931±0.457) significantly decreased the thickness of theca cells (P0.05)compared to the PCOS control group. The conclusion was Moringa oleifera leaf extract as an anti-oxidant proven to decrease the thickness oftheca cell of the female rat model of PCOS.
GROWTH INHIBITION AND INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS IN MCF-7 AND T47D BREAST CANCER CELL LINES BY ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SEURAPOH (Chromolaena odorata) LEAVES
Authors: Yusuf Hanifah , Kamarlis Reno Keumalazia , Yusni Yusni
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the growth inhibition and apoptosis induction of MCF-7 and T47D cancer cells by ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata leaves. A post-test with control group design was used in this study. The extract was made by maceration with 80%ethanol and the tested concentrations used were 7.80 µg/mL-500 µg/mL with standard drug doxorubicin ranged from 1.56 µg/mL-100 µg/mL.The growth inhibition was determined by the MTT colorimetry method, apoptosis induction by double staining using acridine orange-ethidiumbromide, and the existence of apoptosis was proven immunocytochemically through the expression of Bcl-2 proteins. The results showed that the growth inhibition of MCF-7 was 100.29%-28.19% and T47D was 100.37%-16.01%. The IC50 values of MCF-7 was 327.34 µg/mL and T47D was 135.16 µg/mL. The presence of apoptosis was marked by finding the morphological change of cells such as dead, necrosis, and chromatin condensation cells. This suggests that interventions with ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata leaves can induce apoptosis that has been proven by reducing the expression of Bcl-2 proteins.
Therapeutic and Nutritional Potential of Spirulina in Combating COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Singh Sunita , Dwivedi Vinay , Sanyal Debanjan , Dasgupta Santanu
Published: September 2020

Human history has witnessed various pandemics throughout, and these cause disastrous effects on human health and country’s economy. Once again, after SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome), the world is observing a very tough time fighting an invisible enemy, the novel COVID-19 coronavirus. Initially observed in the Wuhan province of China, now, it has spread across 210 countries. Number of corona affected confirmed cases have reached > 3 million globally and death toll has reached to 258,481 as on 6th May,2020. Researchers are working round the clock, forming collaborative efforts and sharing their data to come up with a cure for this disease. The new coronavirus genome was quickly sequenced and clinical and epidemiological data are continuously being collected and analyzed. This data is crucial for forming better public health policies and developing antiviral drugs and vaccines. As there is no vaccine available in market against COVID-19, personal health, immunity, social distancing and basic protection measures are extremely important. It is critical to avoid the virus infection and to strengthen the immune system as the coronavirus can be fatal for those with weak immunity.  This article reviews the nutritional and therapeutic potential of Spirulina, which is considered as superfood and a natural supplement to strengthen the immune system. Spirulina is highly nutritious and has hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic and antihypertensive properties. Spirulina contains several bioactive compounds, such as phenols, phycobiliproteins and sulphated polysaccharides and many more with proven antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant/ immunomodulatory effects.
Kurban Hewan dalam Upacara Yadnya: Membunuh atau Memuliakan?
Authors: Asmarani Ni Nyoman Oktaria
Published: September 2020

One of the worships performed by the Balinese Hindu community can be seen from the Yadnya ceremony. Yadnya itself means a sacrifice made sincerely to be offered to God, namely Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa. In the process, Balinese Hindus used to use animals as sacrifices for the Yadnya ceremony. For animal welfare activists, the use of these animals is considered as something inappropriate because it means that animals are only meant to fulfill human needs. In fact, animals have the right to live, just like humans. Even so, there are actually many dimensions that can be seen from the use of animals in this Yadnya ceremony. This article will critically examine the culture of sacrificing animals in Yadnya and how animal welfare sees that culture. This objective will be elaborated through the answers to the questions: What is the rationale of Balinese Hindu community in using animals for Yadnya ceremony?; How are animals used in the Yadnya ceremony? and; How is animal sacrifice in various ceremonies seen by the perspective of animal welfare? The result of this bibliographical research shows that the use of animals as sacrifices in the Yadnya ceremony in Hinduism turned out to have a complex background. This treatment cannot simply be called killing animals because they contain values that are also believed to be able to respect the animal itself.
Mitos Penciptaan pada Serat Purwakandha Brantakusuman dan Potensi Kajian Filsafatnya
Authors: Sartini Sartini , Luwiyanto Luwiyanto
Published: September 2020

This article examines the creation myth in Serat Purwakandha Brantakusuman (SPB), how its characteristics are compared to myths in Indonesia and existing mythical theories, and explains philosophical themes that can be examined from these myths in order to give its theoretical contributions in existing mythical theories. It is a literature study by reviewing books texts, research reports, journals, and other sources. The analysis is done by interpretation, coherence-holistic, description, and analysis-synthesis. The theoretical framework used is the myth theory C A. Van Peursen and Clifford Geertz. The results of the study indicate that the myth of the creation of plants in SPB is based on the story of the death of Dewi Tisnawati who was banished to earth. The study of myths about the origin of plants is new because research examining myths related to agriculture and Dewi Sri, the influence of myths in life and human activities, forms of rituals and socio-cultural activities, and the relationship between myths and art, are more related to origin place. The myths in SPB and myths in Indonesia contribute to supporting myth concepts that have been described by great thinkers. The creation myth and other myths in the SPB can be subject to study from the perspective of the branches of philosophy and its conceptual substances can also be criticized philosophically
Meninjau Ulang Sustainable Development: Kajian Filosofis Atas Dilema Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup di Era Post Modern
Authors: Muthmainnah Lailiy , Mustansyir Rizal , Tjahyadi Sindung
Published: September 2020

This study is an attempt to re-question the base arguments forsustainable developmentproposal with regardto environmental management. This attempt is important considering intensive deploymemt of cost and benefit calculations in every environmental management policy, which rooted in the utilitarian philosophical tradition. This research runs in the area of political philosophyandemploys methodical components includingdescription, interpretation, critical analysis, and verstehen. The current research suggests that the emergence of sustainable development as a concept of environment management goes along with modernity with all issues that it brings. The proposal of sustainable developments can be categorized into constructive postmodernismapproach. The main purpose of this proposal is to create a condition of balance between the needs of the present generation and the adequacy of the needs of the future generations. However, the concept appears to raise a new concern considering the meaning of “sustainability”has become contestation with strong tendency to economicconsideration which reduces the calculation of cost-benefits into cash-value calculations. This reductionis tendency leads to a dilemma considering the aspiration of shiftinganthropocentrism to ecocentrismunderlying behind concept of sustainable development will ironically produce a new forms of anthropocentrism.
Fi Ra Wali: Revitalisasi Folklor “Saguku Hidupku” Sebagai Identitas Kultural dalam Kosmologi Masyarakat Sentani-Papua
Authors: Ruhulessin Cleopatriza Thonia
Published: September 2020

This article aims to describe and explain how the philosophy of fi ra wali (in English: my sago my life) shapes the identity of Sentani people. The objective is to explain this notion (fi ra wali) features as the cultural identity of the Sentani people whichconstructed in everyday engagement (daily interactions) of the Sentani communities. Data for the study was obtained through  ethnographic research and phenomenology techniques including participant observation, interviews and literature study. Identity is usually constructed institutionally based on juridical and normative agreements collectively. This article reveals that identity can be constructed narratively, in daily interactions in society. Everyday angagement (daily life) gives birth to authentic experiences that are sacred in social relations, both in physical space and spiritual space of the Sentani people. Identity shapedfrom cosmic-cultural reality that exists in cosmology, is able to integrate society in sui generis (clans), in order to face modernization, which has caused social changes in Sentani society. This article concludes that the fi ra wali as a cultural identity has important contribution to deal with multicultural contexts.
Pemaknaan Simbol Representasional Lintas Agama: Sebuah Upaya Merumuskan Alur Rekursif Imposisi Makna Simbol
Authors: Alexander Michael
Published: September 2020

Representational symbols of religious identity are open resource of meaning. Instead of reconstructing meaning, interpretation is a recollection of cultural traditions. Therefore, disputes over symbols occur because of conflicting values, perceptions, and worldviews. However, cultural traditions are not static dogmas preserved in religious cultural memory. They are dynamic because they are also influenced by contemporary relations between groups. This paper argues for the fluidity of construction meaning of symbols and the role of social interaction and synthesize two ideas. First, Roland Barthes' view on a social semiotic approach to representational symbol will be raised. Second, the idea of symbolic interaction that meaning is a social construction, defined through interactions between collectives, and manifested in the form of actions following interpretations that arise within the subject of meaning. Finally, the author will formulate a recursive semiotic model as a synthesis of the two discussed approaches. The fluidity of meaning will appear through the definition and redefinition that occur in the recursive process. The conclusion to be drawn is that social relations are the key to the formulation of symbolic meaning.
Representations of Surrogacy: Feminist and LGBT Controversy over Film and Media
Authors: Zhuang Mingming
Published: September 2020

Although transnational surrogacy has received much criticism owing to racial and class issues, the U.S. media portrays domestic surrogacy with overwhelming positive languages by employing specific narrative frameworks. Accompanying this shift, it is not so surprising that the number of gestational carrier cycles have skyrocketed from 727 to 3,423 over the last decade. (Note 1) In particular, increase in the number of gay and single men looking for surrogacy has yielded more controversies. This paper asks the following questions: How does the documentary Made in Boise present surrogacy in the context of a broader debate over feminist and LGBT’s positions? How are gay parents used in the altruism narrative framework to downplay exploitation of surrogacy? By providing insight into the intricate economic and power relationships between surrogate and a new emerging group of intended parents, my case study prompts broader questions such as: How to best document the most authentic narratives of the surrogates? How can feminist and LGBT scholars reconcile their viewpoints over surrogacy? These are pertinent questions concerning exploitation and coercion in the industry, thus influencing future feminists’ studies on reproductive technology and politics.
A agremiação Vai Vai : os batuqueiros do Bexiga nos carnavais da cidade de São Paulo (1930-1972)
Authors: Silva Zélia Lopes da
Published: September 2020

Perscrutar a trajetória do Cordão Esportivo Carnavalesco Vai Vai durante os anos de 1930 e 1972 é o interesse deste texto. O Cordão foi constituído em 1930 na cidade São Paulo por um grupo de rapazes, jovens negros batuqueiros do Bexiga (bairro central da cidade, sem muitos recursos), que costumavam se reunir para tocar os seus instrumentos de corda e percussão. Ao agregar também os familiares e amigos o Cordão constituiu-se em espaço cultural e quebra do isolamento decorrentes dos preconceitos e da exclusão social a que estavam submetidos na e pela sociedade paulistana. Ao mesmo tempo, com tais práticas, inscreveram os seus nomes nos carnavais da cidade.
O modernismo do Grupo Festa e a defesa de uma brasilidade universalista, 1919-1929
Authors: Miranda Luciana Lilian
Published: September 2020

O artigo busca recuperar a atuação do grupo de intelectuais reunidos em torno da revista Festa, também conhecido como a corrente espiritualista do modernismo brasileiro. Formado em torno de Tasso da Silveira e Andrade Muricy, no Rio de Janeiro, o grupo espiritualista fundou o mensário editado em duas fases (1927-1929; 1934-1935), entre outras publicações. Esses intelectuais defendiam a proposta de um modernismo continuador, em diálogo com a tradição, contrário à ideia de ruptura.
Revistas de Engenharia: a opinião “scientífica da Engenharia Brasileira sobre nossas vias de comunicação” (Brasil, 1867-194?)
Authors: Botaro Luís Gustavo Martins , Oliveira Eduardo Romero de
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é dissertar a respeito das revistas de engenharia publicadas no Brasil, a fim de apresentar uma discussão relativa ao transporte no país. Tomamos como objeto de estudo revistas que foram produzidas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, capital, principal centro com instituições para a formação de novos engenheiros e associações de classe dos mesmos. Serão consultadas a Revista de Engenharia (1879-1891), Revista do Instituto Politécnico Brasileiro (1867-1906), Revista do Clube de Engenharia (1887-1934), a Revista das Estradas de Ferro (1885-1889) e a Brazil Ferro-Carril (1911-194?).
Uma leitura sobre as novas configurações migratórias: análise no/do tempo presente em narrativas orais e de jornais
Authors: Baller Leandro , Junior Jorge Pagliarini
Published: September 2020

O artigo Explora a temática da migração de retorno relacionada a atividade rural, análise pautada na relação história e memória em diálogo com categorias históricas e interdisciplinares de lugar, região e fronteiras. Analisa narrativas de pessoas (entrevistas), tece exame sobre a imprensa (jornal escrito) do Paraguai operacionalizando-as enquanto fontes históricas que abordam a migração do Paraná para a região da Amazônia Legal e do Paraná para o Paraguai. Metodologicamente a História do Tempo Presente ampara e assume protagonismo na pesquisa.
Realismo maravilhoso e circularidade cultural: crença no invisível atordoa o pensamento? (Região Bragantina-PA)
Authors: Campos Ipojucan Dias , Asp Danilo Gustavo Silveira
Published: September 2020

O ensaio analisa histórias-depoimentos denominados enquanto “lendas”, “folclores”, “superstições”, “crendices”, “mitos” proferidos por estudantes – oriundos das comunidades interioranas – do curso de Letras da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) dos Campus Universitários das cidades de Bragança e Capanema, Nordeste do Pará. As narrativas formam um conjunto cujo elemento de ligação foi denominado, para este artigo, de realismo maravilhoso, ou seja, apresentam no enredo a mistura do ordinário da vida real, do trabalho e do cotidiano no mundo natural, com o imaginário e o extraordinário do sobrenatural. Para se sustentar esse campo, a interface entre as culturas “popular” e “erudita” demonstrou-se sobejamente importante, posto que quando aqueles adentram à academia levam consigo os saberes “tradicionais” e os amalgamam ao conhecimento científico gerando um produto híbrido, o qual perpassa por um paradoxo na sua gestação: a crença, ou não, no invisível atordoa o pensamento formal racionalista e científico? Eis, o que se argumenta.
A revolta dos colonos da Areia Branca do Tucum, extremo noroeste do Paraná (1964)
Authors: Rompatto Maurílio
Published: September 2020

O processo de colonização da microrregião Areia Branca do Tucum no extremo noroeste do Paraná foi empreendido a partir do ano de 1947 pelo Estado e por empresas colonizadoras como a Terras Colonização Paranapanema Ltda., a Imobiliária Nova Londrina Ltda, a Colonizadora Marilena Ltda e a Colonizadora Norte do Paraná Ltda que deram origem às cidades como Nova Londrina, Marilena, Loanda (São Pedro do Paraná), respectivamente. Em janeiro de 1951 o Desembargador da Justiça do Estado do Paraná, João Alves da Rocha Loures, recebeu do governador Moysés Lupion uma área de 4.000 alqueires de terras na Areia Branca do Tucum quando a mesma já estava ocupada por colonos agricultores que possuíam títulos emitidos pelo estado e pelas empresas colonizadoras acima. Ameaçados de perderem suas terras para o Desembargador, os colonos se revoltaram no dia 14 de janeiro de 1964. Utilizando de documentos da Delegacia de Ordem Política e Social – Dops, faço uma análise de conjuntura dos acontecimentos que levaram à revolta dos colonos da Areia Branca do Tucum no extremo noroeste do Paraná.
Fronteiras e trânsitos da espiritualidade: ceticismo e religiosidade na cultura intelectual da Primeira República brasileira
Authors: Tolentino Thiago Lenine Tito
Published: September 2020

Este artigo trata da religiosidade na cultura intelectual brasileira durante a Primeira República. Segundo uma perspectiva debitária da história das sensibilidades e dos intelectuais, trata-se da maneira como a temática religiosa alterou-se profundamente entre as primeiras décadas da República e os anos posteriores à Grande Guerra. Destaca-se a passagem na cultura intelectual de uma relação geral distanciada, curiosa e, mesmo, cética, em relação ao religioso, que pode ser evidenciada pelos escritos de João do Rio (Paulo Barreto), para a afirmação de posicionamentos dogmáticos, intolerantes e engajados, especialmente na rearticulação do movimento católico que assumirá o papel de protagonista na história política, cultural e social brasileira entre os anos 1920 e 1930. Neste caso, a conversão ao catolicismo do intelectual Alceu Amoroso Lima torna-se um símbolo de tal transição.
De enfermedades, historias y lecturas: imágenes narrativas de cultura obrera
Authors: Necoechea Gerardo
Published: September 2020

Resumen: El presente artículo define la imagen narrativa como la traducción a palabras de las imágenes que aparecen en la mente al momento de recordar, en el transcurso de una entrevista de historia oral. La idea de imagen narrativa sirve para seleccionar ciertos pasages en la entrevista realizada a una mujer que recuerda su niñez en un pueblo minero del norte de México. Los pasajes seleccionados son analizados en detalle, de manera que emerja la evidencia de una cultura de clase obrera y de un proceso de cambio cultural.Palabras clave: historia oral, trabajadores, Chihuahua
Exorcizando o Passado: experiências de trabalhadores migrantes escravizados na Fazenda Brasil Verde, PA
Authors: Rocha Cristiana Costa
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é recompor trajetórias de conflitos de trabalhadores rurais migrantes do Piauí, escravizados na Fazenda Brasil Verde no Sul do Pará. Entre meados da década de 1980 ao ano 2000, a fazenda foi alvo de sucessivas denúncias em relação ao uso de trabalho escravo. Os depoimentos dos trabalhadores denunciantes mobilizaram a ação “caso Trabalhadores da Fazenda Brasil Verde vs. Brasil” contra o estado brasileiro à CIDH, sob acusação de omissão e negligência em investigar diligentemente a prática de trabalho escravo na fazenda.Palavras-chave: migração; trabalho escravo; conflitos.
Imagens narrativas da catástrofe: outras memórias do desenvolvimento no Vale do São Francisco
Authors: Rabelo Elson de Assis
Published: September 2020

Neste texto, abordamos a narrativa elaborada por um criador de imagens visuais em desenho, o juazeirense Antônio Carlos Coelho de Assis, a respeito de um momento crítico para as práticas de desenvolvimento do interior do Brasil, especialmente aquelas que se baseavam na agricultura irrigada das zonas semiáridas e na exploração do rio São Francisco como recurso natural. Reunimos as imagens narrativas do relato de memória com outros documentos dos anos 1980, como as notícias de jornal e o material produzido pelo Movimento de Defesa do São Francisco, que lutava contra a degradação ambiental daqueles espaços. A partir desses aportes intertextuais, problematizamos o discurso estabelecido de que o desenvolvimento promovido pelas instituições do Estado e pela iniciativa privada, desde a ditadura militar, teria redimido economicamente o semiárido.
Da assistência patronal à disciplina da vida e trabalho operário: narrativas, imagens e denúncias do passado
Authors: Tavares Marcelo Góes
Published: September 2020

Este artigo narra como as políticas de assistência patronal também funcionam como formas de disciplina em vilas operárias no ramo têxtil. Como corpus documental, agencia-se imagens e relatos presentes no documentário “Memória da vida e do trabalho” de Celso Brandão (1984), e testemunhos registrados através da história oral. Pretende-se assim, demonstrar que as leituras de operários têxteis alagoanos acerca das condições de vida e trabalho são também formas de denúncia do passado no tempo presente.Palavras-chave: História. Trabalho. Resistência.
História e acontecimento: imagens narrativas no relato oral de uma liderança dos trabalhadores rurais de Rondon do Pará
Authors: Pereira Airton dos Reis , Guimarães Neto Regina Beatriz
Published: September 2020

O artigo analisa a produção das imagens narrativas nos relatos orais e sua importância para ressignificar acontecimentos passados. As lembranças quando narradas se tornam relatos inseparáveis de sua dimensão visual: das memórias emergem um mundo de múltiplas imagens. O texto privilegia a reflexão sobre as imagens narrativas no relato oral de memória de uma líder sindical sobre a violência aos trabalhadores rurais no Pará.