bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PROSPECTS OF ORGANIC BREAD PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution «Scientific Research Institute of the Bakery Industry», Kostyuchenko M.N. , Shaposhnikov I.I. ,   Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution «Scientific Research Institute of the Bakery Industry», Kosovan A.P. ,   Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution «Scientific Research Institute of the Bakery Industry»
Published: October 2021

Статья содержит информацию о перспективах развития рынка органических хлебобулочных изделий в России на основе выполненного НИИ хлебопекарной промышленности (г. Москва) исследования правовых актов и зарубежного опыта. Приведены данные по этому рыночному сегменту США и Евросоюза, которые свидетельствуют, что органические продукты выпускаются практически по всем ассортиментным группам хлебобулочных изделий. Анализ отечественных и зарубежных правовых актов позволил определить характерные для хлебопекарной отрасли особенности органического производства в части зернового сырья, дрожжей и технологических линий. Анализ поисковых систем Yandex Wordstat и Google Trends показывает, что спрос на органическую продукцию в России пока невелик, но имеет перспективы роста в ближайшее десятилетие. Основным драйвером является повышение интереса населения к здоровому питанию и устойчивому развитию, особенно среди молодых потребителей.
Approach to Searching for the Producers of Antibiotics That Overcome Drug Resistance of Microorganisms
Authors: Demiankova M. V. , Sadykova V. S. , Glukhova A. A. , Eﬁmenko T. A. , Boykova Yu. V. , Malkina N. D. , Kormilitsina V. G. , Sharapchenko S. O. , Sumarukova I. G. , Vasilieva B. F. , Ivankova T. D. , Terekhova L. P. , Gabrielyan N. I. , Efremenkova O. V.
Published: October 2021

Currently, the problem of antibiotic resistance of opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms is extremely urgent. In order to ﬁnd new eﬀective natural antibiotics, it is necessary to intensify the search process. In the gradual selection of the most promising producers, we introduced the stage of determining the antibiotic activity of the culture ﬂuid of the studied natural strains against the clinical isolates of hospital microorganisms with multiple resistance to medical antibiotics. Determining the species aﬃliation of potential producers allows to select those producers of a particular species that diﬀer in the antimicrobial spectrum of activity from those described in the literature. Four strains of actinomycetes that showed activity against resistant clinical isolates of yeast Candida albicans, C.famata, C.parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans were selected, namely: Nocardia soli INA 01217, Streptomyces bottropensis INA 01214, S.chromofuscus INA 01211 and S.netropsis INA 01190. The N.soli INA 01217 strain also shows antibiotic activity against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. These strains of actinobacterial producers were selected for subsequent chemical studies of the antimicrobial compounds formed by them.
Регулирование валютного рынка в ЕАЭС
Authors: Yurchenko O. A. , Chupina Zh. S. , Chupin A. L. , Shkliaev S. V.
Published: October 2021

Подготовлено в рамках учебного курса дисциплины «Валютное регулирование и валютный контроль» в соответствии с ФГОС высшего образования. Представлен широкий круг вопросов с целью закрепления и применения на практических занятиях теоретических знаний, полученных студентами на лекциях, а также для самостоятельного освоения соответствующих разделов дисциплины, связанных с вопросами регулирования валютных правоотношений в Евразийском экономической союзе и в странах – членах ЕАЭС. Дается системное изложение вопросов валютного регулирования и валютного контроля как во внешней торговле товарами и услугами, так и в целом в экономике. Рассматриваются сущность и задачи, особенности и правовые основы организации и реализации валютного контроля внешнеторговых потоков в разрезе союзного и национальных законодательств. Предназначено для аспирантов, специалистов и бакалавров, а также для читателей, у которых возникают вопросы в области валютного регулирования или валютного контроля
Comparative Analysis of the 2020 November 29 Solar Energetic Particle Event Observed by Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Lario D. , Richardson I. G. , Palmerio E. , Lugaz N. , Bale S. D. , Stevens M. L. , Cohen C. M. S. , Giacalone J. , Mitchell D. G. , Szabo A. , Nieves-Chinchilla T. , Wilson L. B. , Christian E. R. , Hill M. E. , McComas D. J. , McNutt R. L. , Schwadron N. A. , Wiedenbeck M. E.
Published: October 2021

We analyze two specific features of the intense solar energetic particle (SEP) event observed by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) between 2020 November 29 and 2020 December 2. The interplanetary counterpart of the coronal mass ejection (CME) on 2020 November 29 that generated the SEP event (hereafter ICME-2) arrived at PSP (located at 0.8 au from the Sun) on 2020 December 1. ICME-2 was preceded by the passage of an interplanetary shock at 18:35 UT on 2020 November 30 (hereafter S2), that in turn was preceded by another ICME (i.e., ICME-1) observed in situ on 2020 November 30. The two interesting features of this SEP event at PSP are the following: First, the presence of the intervening ICME-1 affected the evolution of the ≲8 MeV proton intensity-time profiles resulting in the observation of inverted energy spectra throughout the passage of ICME-1. Second, the sheath region preceding ICME-2 was characterized by weak magnetic fields compared to those measured immediately after the passage of the shock S2 and during the passage of ICME-2. Comparison with prior SEP events measured at 1 au but with similar characteristics indicates that (1) low-energy particles accelerated by S2 were excluded from propagating throughout ICME-1, and (2) the low magnetic fields measured in the sheath of ICME-2 resulted from the properties of the upstream solar wind encountered by ICME-2 that was propagated into the sheath, whereas the energy density of the high-energy particles in the sheath did not play a dominant role in the formation of these low magnetic fields.
The JCMT Transient Survey: Four-year Summary of Monitoring the Submillimeter Variability of Protostars
Authors: Lee Yong-Hee , Johnstone Doug , Lee Jeong-Eun , Herczeg Gregory , Mairs Steve , Contreras-Peña Carlos , Hatchell Jennifer , Naylor Tim , Bell Graham S. , Bourke Tyler L. , Broughton Colton , Francis Logan , Gupta Aashish , Harsono Daniel , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Park Geumsook , Plovie Spencer , Moriarty-Schieven Gerald H. , Scholz Aleks , Sharma Tanvi , Stella Teixeira Paula , Wang Yao-Te , Aikawa Yuri , Bower Geoffrey C. , Vivien Chen Huei-Ru , Bae Jaehan , Baek Giseon , Chapman Scott , Ping Chen Wen , Du Fujun , Dutta Somnath , Forbrich Jan , Guo Zhen , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro , Kang Miju , Kirk Helen , Kuan Yi-Jehng , Kwon Woojin , Lai Shih-Ping , Lalchand Bhavana , Lane James M. M. , Lee Chin-Fei , Liu Tie , Morata Oscar , Pearson Samuel , Pon Andy , Sahu Dipen , Shang Hsien , Stamatellos Dimitris , Tang Shih-Yun , Xu Ziyan , Yoo Hyunju , Rawlings Jonathan M. C.
Published: October 2021

We present the four-year survey results of monthly submillimeter monitoring of eight nearby (<500 pc) star-forming regions by the JCMT Transient Survey. We apply the Lomb–Scargle Periodogram technique to search for and characterize variability on 295 submillimeter peaks brighter than 0.14 Jy beam−1, including 22 disk sources (Class II), 83 protostars (Class 0/I), and 190 starless sources. We uncover 18 secular variables, all of them protostars. No single-epoch burst or drop events and no inherently stochastic sources are observed. We classify the secular variables by their timescales into three groups: Periodic, Curved, and Linear. For the Curved and Periodic cases, the detectable fractional amplitude, with respect to mean peak brightness, is ∼4% for sources brighter than ∼0.5 Jy beam−1. Limiting our sample to only these bright sources, the observed variable fraction is 37% (16 out of 43). Considering source evolution, we find a similar fraction of bright variables for both Class 0 and Class I. Using an empirically motivated conversion from submillimeter variability to variation in mass accretion rate, six sources (7% of our full sample) are predicted to have years-long accretion events during which the excess mass accreted reaches more than 40% above the total quiescently accreted mass: two previously known eruptive Class I sources, V1647 Ori and EC 53 (V371 Ser), and four Class 0 sources, HOPS 356, HOPS 373, HOPS 383, and West 40. Considering the full protostellar ensemble, the importance of episodic accretion on few years timescale is negligible—only a few percent of the assembled mass. However, given that this accretion is dominated by events on the order of the observing time window, it remains uncertain as to whether the importance of episodic events will continue to rise with decades-long monitoring.
Multi-Wavelength Study of 4C+28.07
Authors: Das Avik Kumar , Prince Raj , Gupta Nayantara
Published: October 2021

4C+28.07 is a γ-ray flat-spectrum-radio-quasar-type source. It is often monitored at different frequencies, though long-term multi-wavelength data of this source have not been modeled in detail before. We have analyzed ∼12 yr (2008 August–2020 May) of Fermi-LAT data with a binning of 10 day timescale and observed three distinctive flaring states. Each flaring state consists of different phases of activity, namely, pre-flare, flare, and post-flare regions. γ-ray spectral analysis of these different activity phases has been performed and the best-fit model for its spectra is found to be a log-parabola model. We have also studied the correlation of simultaneous γ-ray light curves with the optical & radio counterparts in these flaring states and report the DCF with 95% significance level. A large time delay is found between radio and gamma-ray data for two flares, indicating two zones of emission. We have fitted the multi-wavelength data with a two-zone leptonic model. In our two-zone leptonic model the maximum required power in the jet is 9.64 × 1046 erg s−1, which is lower than its Eddington luminosity 2.29 × 1047 erg s−1.
Simulating Observations of Ices in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Ballering Nicholas P. , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Anderson Dana E.
Published: October 2021

Ices are an important constituent of protoplanetary disks. New observational facilities, notably the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), will greatly enhance our view of disk ices by measuring their infrared spectral features. We present a suite of models to complement these upcoming observations. Our models use a kinetics-based gas–grain chemical evolution code to simulate the distribution of ices in a disk, followed by a radiative transfer code using a subset of key ice species to simulate the observations. We present models reflecting both molecular inheritance and chemical reset initial conditions. We find that near-to-mid-IR absorption features of H2O, CO2, and CH3OH are readily observable in disk-integrated spectra of highly inclined disks while CO, NH3, and CH4 ice do not show prominent features. CH3OH ice has low abundance and is not observable in the reset model, making this species an excellent diagnostic of initial chemical conditions. CO2 ice features exhibit the greatest change over disk lifetime, decreasing and increasing for the inheritance and reset models, respectively. Spatially resolved spectra of edge-on disks, possible with JWST's integral field unit observing modes, are ideal for constraining the vertical distribution of ices and may be able to isolate features from ices closer to the midplane (e.g., CO) given sufficient sensitivity. Spatially resolved spectra of face-on disks can trace scattered-light features from H2O, CO2, and CH3OH, plus CO and CH4 from the outermost regions. We additionally simulate far-IR H2O ice emission features and find they are strongest for disks viewed face-on.
La santé mentale pendant la pandémie : entre absence et présence virtuelle
Authors: Bello Fiore , Gavarini Laurence
Published: October 2021

Cet article illustre une expérience de travail dans un service de santé mentale italien durant le premier confinement dû à la pandémie de Sars-CoV-2. De façon impromptue, les professionnels se sont retrouvés sans les usagers de leurs services et ont dû affronter non seulement leurs propres angoisses et peurs de la contagion et de la mort, mais aussi le vide contraint dans lequel ils devaient œuvrer. L’auteur réfléchit aux caractéristiques de la personnalité des travailleurs de la santé mentale, aux réactions des usagers face à l’isolement, et aux changements dans le cadre et l’état d’esprit du thérapeute lorsqu’il est contraint de transférer son travail en ligne. Ce changement a fait date et a peut-être permis de penser de façon nouvelle le sens de la limite et le besoin d’une plus grande humanisation des techniques d’intervention psychologique. Le retour au travail psychologique en présence confirme que rien n’est plus comme avant.
Avec Nicole Mosconi, une « disputatio » au fil des ans
Authors: Gavarini Laurence
Published: October 2021

Dans le cadre de l’hommage rendu à Nicole Mosconi par la revue Cliopsy , l’autrice revient sur la relation de travail – une disputatio – qu’elle a nouée au cours des vingt dernières années avec l’intellectuelle disparue au printemps 2021. Elle discute des infléchissements féministes de la lecture entreprise par N. Mosconi sur les questions de différence sexuelle, de sexuation et de sexualité, et de son rapport à la psychanalyse, particulièrement sensibles dans ses derniers ouvrages. Elle en pointe aussi quelques incidences sur sa conception du rapport au savoir.
Une autre manière d’enquêter auprès de jeunes enfants à l’École
Authors: Kheroufi-Andriot Olivier
Published: October 2021

L’objectif de cet article est de présenter la construction d’un dispositif méthodologique qui vise à recueillir le point de vue de jeunes enfants d’une classe incluant un enfant en situation de handicap, à partir d’une fiction mettant en scène un enfant en situation de handicap, sur l’activité d’accompagnement éventuellement mise en œuvre dans la classe par l’enseignant et les accompagnants. Les difficultés épistémologiques et méthodologiques liées à la construction de ce dispositif sont identifiées, et le bricolage de l’enquête est dévoilé en mettant en lumière la « ficelle » qui fut construite pour l’occasion. De ce point de vue, les résultats du dispositif, y compris ses effets inattendus, sont présentés au lecteur pour lui permettre de se situer en vue d’évaluer si l’objectif initial est atteint.
Les Américains à Boulogne-sur-Mer au XIX e siècle
Authors: Lescop Guillaume
Published: October 2021

La venue d’Américains à Boulogne-sur-Mer est un phénomène peu étudié. Grâce à divers matériaux (registres de débarquements, d’embarquements et recensements de population), l’article présente une ville qui attira – dans une certaine mesure – les Américains. Consuls, rentiers, élèves, peintres, ministres plénipotentiaires, etc., tous vont trouver à Boulogne-sur-Mer un milieu cosmopolite et moderne, au carrefour des grandes capitales européennes que sont Londres, Bruxelles et Paris. L’empreinte américaine est perceptible aussi à travers les institutions culturelles et les lieux de détentes de la ville, tels que le musée, la bibliothèque, les salons, les bains, etc. Ainsi, cet article permet d’apporter un regard nouveau sur la dynamique des circulations culturelles dans notre région.
Transferts culturels entre Europe et Amérique. Les fac-similés des codex mexicains de la bibliothèque municipale de Boulogne-sur-Mer
Authors: Brown Nathalie
Published: October 2021

Les manuscrits mexicains peints réalisés au xvi e  siècle par des scribes aztèques, traduits et commentés par des auteurs espagnols, demeurent une source riche, originale et essentielle à la compréhension de ce que fut la culture aztèque qui disparut en à peine un siècle. Ces codex, pour la plupart commandés par les rois d’Espagne, ont quitté le continent américain et traversé l’Atlantique par bateau. Nous perdons leur trace avant leur arrivée sur le continent européen, perdus, volés, en partie brûlés et très abîmés. On les retrouve au xix e  siècle dans des bibliothèques européennes dont ils portent encore parfois le nom. E. Hamy, passionné par sa ville natale et par l’histoire du Mexique, fit don de certains de ces ouvrages sous forme de fac-similés de haute qualité à la Bibliothèque des Annonciades en 1901, ce qui permettra d’enrichir ses collections et d’ouvrir des champs de recherches en paléographie, en histoire et en histoire de l’art aux chercheurs et étudiants boulonnais qui peuvent aisément les consulter sur place.
Motifs PS.-Dionysiens dans la démonologie de Thomas d’Aquin
Authors: Borgo Marta
Published: October 2021

Après avoir situé la démonologie de l’Aquinate par rapport à son angélologie et au dogme, l’article étudie les notions de bonté et intégrité de la nature des anges déchus, que Thomas d’Aquin élabore en s’appuyant sur le quatrième chapitre du De divinis nominibus . L’enquête est conduite à partir de l’examen du riche dossier angélologique constitué à l’occasion de la rédaction du De substantiis separatis et vise à préciser le rôle que la (re)lecture de Denys joue dans l’élaboration de la pensée démonologique thomiste. On montre ainsi comment, en suivant Denys, Thomas harmonise la notion aristotélicienne de nature comme essence figée et inaltérable avec celle augustinienne d’une nature susceptible par contre d’amoindrissement et défaillance. Le but étant moins de caractériser la démonologie thomiste comme dionysienne que d’observer l’interaction substantielle chez Thomas entre sources et doctrine, on évoque le triptyque formé par l’opuscule inachevé De substantiis separatis et les commentaires au Liber de causis et à la Métaphysique comme dernier exemple de la manière de travailler de l’Aquinate, entre philosophie et théologie, tradition et spéculation.
Satan dans le Quatrième Évangile commenté par Thomas d’Aquin
Authors: Bellamah Timothy
Published: October 2021

Dans ses lectures des nombreux récits de l’Évangile de Jean dans lesquels l’évangéliste mentionne Satan, Thomas d’Aquin montre un souci constant de démolir toute notion selon laquelle le premier des anges déchus peut être identifié à un être maléfique suprême, un summum malum , qui pourrait être identifié avec le démiurge malveillant décrit par les penseurs gnostiques tels que Marcion, Valentin, Mani, ou le mouvement médiéval associé à ce dernier, souvent connu sous le nom de Cathares. La principale de ses préoccupations est la réfutation du déterminisme moral qu’il trouve dans leur pensée, qui est particulièrement incompatible avec la liberté donnée à tous par Dieu pour recevoir la filiation divine, liberté qu’il retrouve tout au long de l’Évangile de Jean.
Conditions de travail à l’hôpital : quelles pistes d’amélioration ?
Authors: Minvielle Étienne
Published: October 2021

Cet article s’intéresse aux possibilités de sortie du marasme qui accompagne les conditions de travail à l’hôpital. La question est importante dans un contexte de pertes d’attractivité des métiers de la santé. Dans un premier temps, nous identifions trois grandes raisons qui expliquent les mauvaises conditions actuelles : l’intensification du travail liée à la tarification à l’activité, les défauts du management hospitalier, et divers impacts négatifs sur la vie privée. Nous en déduisons ensuite plusieurs pistes : 1) le maintien des efforts déjà engagés dans l’évolution des règles de l’exercice et de sa valorisation financière ; 2) l’affirmation d’un nouveau champ de l’innovation hospitalière dédié à l’amélioration de l’environnement du travail ; 3) une évolution des modes de paiement raisonnée en fonction de l’organisation du travail ; 4) enfin une politique de formation, d’évaluation et de recrutement des professionnels de santé fondée sur l’acquisition de compétences en management. Toutes ces pistes, et d’autres, doivent être activées conjointement, portées par une vision holistique du sujet. Il ne s’agit pas d’opposer la qualité de vie professionnelle à la contrainte financière, mais de penser les différentes voies d’amélioration d’une manière unie.
Electrospun nanofibers for efficient adsorption of heavy metals from water and wastewater
Authors: Salehi Maryam ,   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA, Sharafoddinzadeh Donya , Mokhtari Fatemeh , Esfandarani Mitra Salehi , Karami Shafieh ,   Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia,   Department of Civil Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Published: October 2021

Heavy metals (HMs) are persistent and toxic environmental pollutants that pose critical risks toward human health and environmental safety. Their efficient elimination from water and wastewater is essential to protect public health, ensure environmental safety, and enhance sustainability. In the recent decade, nanomaterials have been developed extensively for rapid and effective removal of HMs from water and wastewater and to address the certain economical and operational challenges associated with conventional treatment practices, including chemical precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption, and membrane separation. However, the complicated and expensive manufacturing process of nanoparticles and nanotubes, their reduced adsorption capacity due to the aggregation, and challenging recovery from aqueous solutions limited their widespread applications for HM removal practices. Thus, the nanofibers have emerged as promising adsorbents due to their flexible and facile production process, large surface area, and simple recovery. A growing number of chemical modification methods have been devised to promote the nanofibers' adsorption capacity and stability within the aqueous systems. This paper briefly discusses the challenges regarding the effective and economical application of conventional treatment practices for HM removal. It also identifies the practical challenges for widespread applications of nanomaterials such as nanoparticles and nanotubes as HMs adsorbents. This paper focuses on nanofibers as promising HMs adsorbents and reviews the most recent advances in terms of chemical grafting of nanofibers, using the polymers blend, and producing the composite nanofibers to create highly effective and stable HMs adsorbent materials. Furthermore, the parameters that influence the HM removal by electrospun nanofibers and the reusability of adsorbent nanofibers were discussed. Future research needs to address the gap between laboratory investigations and commercial applications of adsorbent nanofibers for water and wastewater treatment practices are also presented.
TI-ADC multi-channel mismatch estimation and calibration in ultra-high-speed optical signal acquisition system
Authors: Zhao Yongjie ,   College of Intelligent Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Deya Road 109, Kaifu District, Changsha 410073, China, Li Sida , Huang Zhiping
Published: October 2021

This article presents a method to calibrate a 16-channel 40 GS/s time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TI-ADC) based on channel equalization and Monte Carlo method. First, the channel mismatch is estimated by the Monte Carlo method, and equalize each channel to meet the calibration requirement. This method does not require additional hardware circuits, every channel can be compensated. The calibration structure is simple and the convergence speed is fast, besides, the ADC is worked in background mode, which does not affect the conversion. The prototype, implemented in 28 nm CMOS, reaches a 41 dB SFDR with an input signal of 1.2 GHz and 5 dBm after the proposed background offset and gain mismatch calibration. Compared with previous works, the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) and the effective number of bits (ENOB) are better, the estimation accuracy is higher, the error is smaller and the faster speed of convergence improves the efficiency of signal processing.
The prosodic properties of narrow information focus in Central Mexican Spanish: Pitch accents, de-emphasis and phrasing
Authors: Mendoza Vázquez Érika , Gutiérrez-Bravo Rodrigo , Martín Butragueño Pedro
Published: October 2021

This paper investigates the different prosodic strategies used for the marking of information focus in Central Mexican Spanish. For this purpose, we carried out a study of the prosodic properties of information focus both in clause final position and in situ. Our results show important differences when compared to other varieties of Spanish. Specifically, we observe that the most frequent accent signaling information focus is a monotonal pitch accent (L* or !H*) and not L+H*. Furthermore, in many cases we observe that the pitch accent is not the only mechanism used to signal the focus: this is because we observe the presence of prosodic edges to the left of the focus, presumably functioning as an additional prosodic cue to identify it. Additionally, while we do not observe deaccenting of post-focal material, we do observe a sequence of non-rising forms (a flat pattern or “de-emphasis”) following the pitch accent that signals an in situ information focus forced by the test. With respect to phonological phrasing, our results confirm the analysis in Prieto (2006), where it is proposed that syntactic constituency is not the primary factor that regulates phrasing in Spanish.
Les sources iconographiques des peintures à sujet médiéval du musée de l’Histoire de France de Versailles
Authors: Carbonnières Hélène de
Published: October 2021

Afin de faire renaître le passé médiéval de la France sous leur pinceau, les peintres ayant été appelés par Louis-Philippe pour garnir son musée de l’Histoire de France ont eu accès à diverses sources iconographiques. Les plus évidentes sont les recueils de gravures et de dessins que constituent la collection Gaignières, l’ouvrage de Montfaucon sur Les Monumens de la monarchie françoise ou les travaux de Lenoir pour son musée des Monuments français. Celles-ci leur ont permis de donner un fondement historique à l’événement représenté. Néanmoins, pressés par le temps, ils ont également eu à copier des œuvres moins bien documentées, ou ont hâté leurs recherches, ce qui est frappant par exemple dans le traitement de l’héraldique. Enfin, il semble clair que leurs choix iconographiques ont été motivés par un souci de l’éloquence. Le musée de Louis-Philippe ayant une visée didactique, la scène devait être compréhensible, lisible, et pour cela les peintres n’ont pas hésité à utiliser tel poncif ou telle composition célèbre.
L’histoire à Versailles : plaidoyer pour la réhabilitation du chef-d’œuvre
Authors: Constans Claire
Published: October 2021

Louis-Philippe a transformé Versailles en un musée fait de grandes salles tapissées de peintures de l’histoire événementielle à la gloire de la France. Le public, tout en découvrant la beauté des appartements royaux ou de la galerie des Glaces, doit, dans la même visite, comprendre une symbolique sous-jacente ; le curieux d’histoire contemple aussi à la galerie des Batailles une histoire racontée, parfois réinventée, avec des détails anecdotiques et à l’aide de belles images qui frapperont durablement son imagination. Présenter une vision de l’histoire plus fidèle à la vérité, tout en conservant une muséographie monumentale héritée de l’Ancien Régime et en complétant certains ensembles laissés inachevés, voire en étoffant les collections : c’est désormais le devoir du conservateur. Car les collections historiques de Versailles sont parmi les plus belles du monde, indispensables à l’étude de l’histoire de l’art : la vocation même du musée est de les mettre en valeur. À côté de l’histoire, l’œuvre d’art se retrouve ainsi au cœur du débat versaillais et l’aménagement de nouvelles salles ne pourra pas faire l’économie de la célébration du génie artistique. C’est ainsi que le public échappera à la lecture facile de l’image, pour apprécier à la fois l’ensemble et chacune de ses composantes, et découvrir l’adéquation parfaite du beau et du vrai qui définit la propre nécessité intérieure d’une œuvre d’art.
Les statues des rois de France et hommes d’État de la galerie de pierre haute de l’aile du Nord : une ambitieuse commande de sculptures pour les Galeries historiques de Versailles
Authors: Arsac Lionel
Published: October 2021

De 1835 à 1838, douze sculpteurs furent chargés par l’administration royale d’exécuter treize statues pédestres en marbre pour la galerie de pierre haute de l’aile du Nord, au château de Versailles. Livrées jusqu’à la fin de la monarchie de Juillet, ces œuvres prirent place parmi les quelque quatre-vingts sculptures qui peuplaient cette galerie. Particulièrement homogène d’un point de vue stylistique, cette série est la plus ambitieuse commande de sculptures en marbre pour les Galeries historiques confiée à des artistes contemporains de renom. L’étude de la genèse de cet ambitieux projet et de sa concrétisation permet de comprendre les mécanismes de la commande officielle dans le Versailles de Louis-Philippe. L’analyse de ces portraits sculptés historicistes représentant des souverains et des serviteurs d’État du haut Moyen Âge à la première Renaissance renseigne sur les sources iconographiques convoquées par les sculpteurs, mais aussi sur le mode de représentation qu’ils adoptèrent pour satisfaire les desseins politiques et didactiques du roi des Français. La présentation de la plupart de ces statues au Salon, où elles firent parfois l’objet de critiques tant positives que négatives, interroge la part de liberté créatrice concédée aux sculpteurs dans le cadre prétendument strict de la commande officielle, et dans le contexte des nombreux courants artistiques qui, à l’instar du romantisme, animaient la scène parisienne.
Le visage de l’histoire : le portrait au musée historique
Authors: Lavaux Marion
Published: October 2021

Les portraits constituent plus de deux tiers des œuvres présentées dans les Galeries historiques créées par Louis-Philippe à Versailles au début des années 1830. Témoignant des modèles et des inspirations de galeries d’hommes illustres fréquentées par le duc d’Orléans depuis sa jeunesse (au Palais-Royal, à Eu, aux Tuileries…), ces collections reflètent également les aspirations et les ambitions – succès ou échecs – de ce panthéon « à toutes les gloires de la France ». Loin de former un ensemble homogène, ces portraits comprennent des œuvres anciennes comme contemporaines, prélevées dans leur environnement d’origine ou commandées spécialement pour Versailles et impliquent des maîtres de premier plan aussi bien que des artistes secondaires. Un sous-ensemble se révèle à l’étude particulièrement intéressant : celui des copies, nombreuses puisqu’elles représentent deux tiers des collections de portraits. Réalisées par l’atelier de moulages du Louvre dans le cadre d’une vaste commande de l’administration des Musées, elles constituent une sorte de recensement des principaux monuments funéraires de France à une époque où le patrimoine local fait l’objet de multiples entreprises d’exploration et d’inventaire. Les collections de portraits du musée historique connaîtront dès la monarchie de Juillet une fortune critique très mitigée, partagée entre réflexion acerbe sur l’artificialité du rassemblement de ces œuvres si diverses et reconnaissance émue du lien personnel qu’entretiennent nombre de visiteurs avec ces portraits d’ancêtres ou de personnages côtoyés durant les batailles révolutionnaires ou napoléoniennes.
Implication of Budgeting on Contemporary Project Management
Authors: Rani Poonam , Dharyan Sangeeta
Published: October 2021

It is the total sum of money allocated for the specific project for a specific period of time. The goal of the project budget is to cost control. The objective of this chapter is to give the implication of budgeting on contemporary project management. The main focus of this chapter is to discuss the introduction, history, agile approach, etc. It has a direct impact on the company's financial feasibility. The research would discuss the approaches for the projects budget estimation and various steps for cost control. There are two types of reserves against risks: one is the contingency reserve for identified risk, and the other is the management reserve for unidentified risks. The project manager needs to be aware of existing resources acquisition policies, guidelines, and procedures. The author discusses the procedures for project budgeting and methods for evaluation of project budgeting.
Exploring the Broad Underlying Principals That Govern Project Management
Authors: Darwish Saad , Verma Rahul
Published: October 2021

With projects becoming more complex and multifaceted than before, there arises a need for agile efficient project management. This chapter seeks to define project management efficiency. The chapter explores the five variables that influence project management efficiency. It also delves into the importance of project management efficiency. Finally, the chapter breaks down the challenges to project management efficiency and gives solutions to counter the challenges. The variables explained in this chapter are project scope, cost, time, resources, and quality. As evidenced here, each variable has a role in enhancing efficiency in managing projects. The benefits of efficiently managed projects examined are quality control, customer satisfaction, risk identification and evaluation, consistent communication, and on-schedule project delivery. The challenges expounded in the chapter are inadequate skillset, undefined goals, impossible deadlines, scope creep, resource deprivation, and poor communication.
How Does Terrorism Change the Business Landscape for Firms?
Authors: Dau Luis Alfonso , Moore Elizabeth M. , Abrahms Max
Published: October 2021

This chapter introduces a new framework for understanding firm creation and firm behavior in the face of terrorism and its ensuing risks such as institutional disruption. There is surprisingly scant theoretical or empirical research on how terrorism impacts firms and their ability to be agile in the face of risk. The extant strategic management literature is underdeveloped for making such assessments because it largely ignores the socio-cognitive impact of collective traumas on society. Building on the traditional assumptions of institutional theory from strategic management, the authors incorporate cosmopolitan memory theory from the field of international relations to offer a theoretically grounded set of testable predictions about terrorism's effects on both new and existing firms.
Consumer Engagement Through Conditional Promotions
Authors: Nigam Achint , Dewani Prem Prakash
Published: October 2021

This paper investigates consumers' response to conditional promotions (CP) offered in an offline retail store. Using qualitative research inquiry, we decipher the consumer decision-making process by finding the linkages between 'pre-cart' and the 'post-cart' add-on purchases. Thematic analysis of qualitative data (focus groups and personal interviews) resulted in four themes, i.e. 'Criticality of Product Utility,' 'Mode of Payments,' 'Loss Aversion by Consumers,' and 'Inability to Think Out-of-Box by the Consumers.' We add value to the existing marketing literature by finding the relationship between products purchased in 'pre-cart', i.e., without the knowledge of CP and 'post-cart', defined as add-on products added to the cart to avail the CP offer while purchasing in an offline retail store. Further, we find that consumers' willingness to avail CP varies with different relative distances from the target purchase cart value (high vs. low) and mode of payments (cash vs. digital). We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of the research.
Batting Outside the Field
Authors: Pandey Jatin , Hassan Yusuf
Published: October 2021

This study examines the relationship between cognitive awareness and perceived knowledge of sports fans’ social media engagement behaviors. Data were collected through an online survey of 236 adults from India who identified as Indian Premier League (IPL) fans. The findings of the study suggest that perceived knowledge and cognitive awareness of sports are precursors to social media engagement behaviors of sports fans. Further, sports fandom mediates links between perceived knowledge and cognitive awareness with social media engagement. The findings hold special significance for contemporary COVID scenarios because physical engagement is being substituted by digital engagement.
Impact of Mobile Banking Application Interactivity on Consumer Engagement
Authors: Shankar Amit
Published: October 2021

The study aims to examine the impact of mobile banking (m-banking) application interactivity on consumer engagement. The study also analyses the moderation effects of perceived security concerns, consumer innovativeness, and consumer involvement. The study employed a 2 (interactivity: high versus low) × 2 (perceived security concern: high versus low) × 2 (consumer innovativeness: high versus low) x 2 (consumer involvement: high versus low) between-subjects experimental design among 376 Indian mobile banking users. The results indicate that interactivity positively impacts consumer engagement in m-banking applications. The results also show the significant moderating effects of perceived security concerns, consumer innovativeness, and consumer involvement. The findings of the study enrich the online engagement literature by examining the impact of interactivity on consumer engagement in the m-banking context. The results of the study will help banks in enhancing their m-banking application interactivity to enhance consumer engagement.
Comparison of the clinical performance of the i-gelTM, LMA SupremeTM, and Ambu AuraGainTM in adult patients during general anesthesia: a prospective and randomized study
Authors: Lakshmi Tejashri Chinthavali , Tiwari Tanmay , Agrawal Jyotsna , Kapoor Rajni , Vasanthakumar Vikrannth
Published: October 2021

Background: Supraglottic airway devices (SADs) are routinely used for securing the airway. In this study, the clinical performance of three SADs in adult patients under general anesthesia was compared.Methods: American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III subjects were randomly assigned to the i-gelTM (I), LMA SupremeTM (L), or Ambu AuraGainTM (A) group (30 per group). The primary objective of this study was to compare insertion times. Additionally, the ease of insertion, number of attempts, oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP), airway maneuver requirement, difficulty with gastric tube placement, and complications were assessed.Results: Demographic data did not differ between the groups. Group I (16.9 ± 4.9 s) had a significantly shorter time of insertion than Group L (19.6 ± 5.2 s) and Group A (22.1 ± 5.7 s) (P = 0.001). The OLP for Group A (29.8 ± 3.0 cmH2O) was higher than those for Group L (24.1 ± 6.3 cmH2O) and Group I (9.4 ± 6.1 cmH2O) (P < 0.001). The number of insertion attempts (P = 0.232), ease of insertion (P = 0.630), airway maneuver requirement (P = 0.585), difficulty with gastric tube placement (P = 0.364), and complications (P = 0.873) were not significantly different between the groups.Conclusions: All three devices are convenient and effective for airway management in adults under general anesthesia. However, the shorter insertion time required for the i-gel may make it more suitable for resuscitation and emergencies, while aspiration risk may be reduced with the Ambu AuraGain, given its high OLP.
Comparison between pre-emptive oral tramadol and tapentadol for attenuation of catheter-related bladder discomfort and surgical stress response in patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate: A prospective, randomised, double-blind trial
Authors: Bindal Kriti , Kumar Nidhi , Oberoi Deepak , Biswas Manoj
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims:

Surgical interventions involving urinary catheterisation often lead to catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD). With a very high incidence rate of 47%–90%, CRBD often leads to a distressing and painful recovery after surgery. Although many opioids have been used for the treatment of CRBD, the search for the best is still going on. This study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of oral tapentadol and tramadol on postoperative CRBD.

Methods:

This was a prospective, randomised double-blind study. 100 patients, undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate were randomly assigned into two groups to receive tramadol 100 mg (Group A) or tapentadol 50 mg (Group B) orally 1 h before surgery. CRBD was evaluated on a 4-point severity scale in the post-operative area at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h. Pain and adverse effects were assessed postoperatively. Serum cortisol levels before and after the procedure were noted. Statistical analysis was done with the analysis of variance,ttest.

Results:

Postoperative CRBD, 2 h after surgery was significantly reduced in group B than group A (P= 0.012). Cortisol levels, postoperatively were significantly lower in Group B (113 ± 65.45) (P= 0.001) than group A (162.64 ± 118.84 ng/dL). Dry mouth was seen in four, nausea in eight and sedation in six patients in group A while none in group B. 14 patients in Group A and one patient in Group B needed intravenous paracetamol (P= 0.000).

Conclusions:

Premedication with tapentadol was more effective in reducing CRBD and pain postoperatively. The surgical stress response and side effects were significantly reduced with tapentadol.
Effectiveness of virtual training for medical officers and community health officers in the critical care management of COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Gautam Shefali , Shukla Aparna , Mishra Neelkamal , Kohli Monika , Singh Gyan P.
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims:

The coronavirus disease -19 has changed various aspects of education and training in all fields, and e-learning has now become the preferred mode of training and teaching. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of online training and to overcome the limitations of e-learning.

Methods:

A total of 176 medical officers (MOs) and 720 community health officers (CHOs) were trained in four batches by using seven training modules with online videos and lecture series. Each batch received two days of training. A pre-test and post-test were conducted which consisted of 25 multiple-choice questions of 4 marks each. There was no negative marking. Candidates obtaining >80 marks were declared as having passed. The results of the pre-test and post-tests were compared.

Results:

There was remarkable improvement in the knowledge regarding critical care management after virtual training, as evidenced by the test results. None of the MOs scored more than 80% in the pre-test; however, 153 MOs scored more than 80% in the post-test. The average score improved from 47.82 (pre-test) to 89.05 (post-test). The difference was statically significant (P< 0.0001). Similarly, 123 CHOs scored more than 80% in the pre-test, while 378 CHOs scored more than 80% in the post-test. Improvement in average marks was also seen: 90.5 in the post-test as compared to 62.76 in the pre-test. The difference was statically significant (P< 0.0001).

Conclusion:

Online training is beneficial for many candidates from various locations within a short period. The interactive sessions after training are also helpful, and well-designed pre- and post-tests are adequate for assessment.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus in Nigeria
Authors: Azeez Taoreed Adegoke , Abo-Briggs Tamunosaki , Adeyanju Ayodeji Sylvester
Published: October 2021

Background:

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first diagnosis in pregnancy. GDM has numerous potential complications and it is important to estimate its burden and risk factors. The objective of the meta-analysis was to determine the pooled prevalence of GDM in Nigeria and identify its determinants.

Methods:

The study design was a meta-analysis; therefore the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Electronic databases (African Journal Online, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar) and the gray literature were systematically searched. Statistical analysis was done with MetaXL using the random effect model. Heterogeneity was determined using the I2statistic and the publication bias was checked with the Doi plot.

Results:

The total sample size was 46 210. The prevalence of GDM in Nigeria was 0.5 – 38% and the pooled prevalence was 11.0% (95% CI 8-13). The I2statistic was 99%. The Doi plot suggested some degree of bias. The most frequently reported determinants of GDM were previous macrosomic babies, maternal obesity, family history of diabetes, previous miscarriage, and advanced maternal age.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of GDM in Nigeria is high and efforts should be geared at modifying its risk factors so as to reduce its prevalence and prevent the associated complications.
Electroencephalographic Activity in Patients with Claustrophobia
Authors: Moradi Dunya , Eyvazpour Reza , Rahimi Fariborz , Jahan Ali , Rasta Seyed Hossein , Esmaeili Mahdad
Published: October 2021

Background:

Exposure to small confined spaces evokes physiological responses such as increased heart rate in claustrophobic patients. However, little is known about electrocortical activity while these people are functionally exposed to such phobic situations. The aim of this study was to examine possible changes in electrocortical activity in this population.

Method:

Two highly affected patients with claustrophobia and two healthy controls participated in this in vivo study during which electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was continuously recorded. Relative power spectral density (rPSD) was compared between two situations of being relaxed in a well-lit open area, and sitting in a relaxed chair in a small (90 cm × 180 cm × 155 cm) chamber with a dim light. This comparison of rPSDs in five frequency bands of EEG was intended to investigate possible patterns of change in electrical activity during fear-related situation. This possible change was also compared between claustrophobic patients and healthy controls in all cortical areas.

Results:

Statistical models showed that there is a significant interaction between groups of participants and experimental situations in all frequency bands (P < 0.01). In other words, claustrophobic patients showed significantly different changes in electrical activity while going from rest to the test situation. Clear differences were observed in alpha and theta bands. In the theta band, while healthy controls showed an increase in rPSD, claustrophobic patients showed an opposite decrease in the power of electrical activity when entering the confined chamber. In alpha band, both groups showed an increase in rPSD, though this increase was significantly higher for claustrophobic patients.

Conclusion:

The effect of in vivo exposure to confined environments on EEG activity is different in claustrophobic patients than in healthy controls. Most of this contrast is observed in central and parietal areas of the cortex, and in the alpha and theta bands.
Primary Cutaneous Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Authors: Gökkaya Ali , Görgü Metin , Karanfil Ertugrul , Kizilkan Jehat
Published: October 2021

We report the case of a histologically confirmed primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (PCMZL), which was treated by surgical excision. PCMZL is the second-most common type of primary cutaneous lymphoma, including cells of the marginal zone, lymphoplasmacytic cells, and plasma cells. Treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, topical therapy, corticosteroids, chemotherapy, rituximab, and antibiotics. After treatment, local recurrence may occur but metastasis is extremely rare. Tumor prognosis shows an indolent course with a 5-year disease-free survival rate approaching 97%–99%. We present the case of a woman aged 69 who was diagnosed with PCMZL for a pruritic, erythematous lesion with an undefined border on the upper left leg.