bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A visão das crianças sobre a felicidade
Authors: Giacomoni Claudia Hofheinz , Souza Luciana Karine de , Hutz Claudio Simon
Published: May 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender as concepções da criança sobre a experiência de ser feliz e de como seja uma pessoa assim, conforme a faixa etária e o nível socioeconômico. Participaram 200 crianças (52,5% meninas) de cinco a doze anos, de escolas públicas e privadas. As crianças foram entrevistadas individualmente sobre o que é ser feliz e como é uma pessoa feliz. Sobre o que é ser feliz, as crianças trouxeram mais conteúdos sobre sentimentos positivos e self positivo. As crianças de escolas privadas mencionaram mais o lazer, e as de escola pública destacaram a satisfação de necessidades básicas e desejos. Sobre como é uma pessoa feliz, mais da metade da amostra apontou características subjetivas positivas, com os meninos citando mais esses conteúdos. Os resultados são discutidos com base na literatura disponível, com implicações na avaliação do bem-estar subjetivo e da satisfação de vida na infância.
A relação sujeito-objeto e a unidade afetivo-cognitiva: contribuições para a psicologia e para a educação
Authors: Gomes Cláudia Aparecida Valderramas
Published: May 2014

A relação entre problemas afetivo-emocionais e aprendizagem escolar se faz presente nas áreas da Psicologia e da Educação. Este estudo, de caráter teórico-bibliográfico, pesquisou elementos que confirmassem a tese da historicidade dos processos cognitivos e afetivos, dando a esses processos uma conotação social e simbólica, e por meio da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural abordou a relação entre sujeito e objeto e a unidade afetivo-cognitiva, propondo a superação do pensamento organicista e subjetivista. Sugeriu a importância de (re)pensar as relações que o sujeito estabelece com o entorno e o papel do conhecimento e das condições concretas de vida e de educação, e destacou a atividade como categoria fundamental na constituição das necessidades e motivos, bem como na formação de desejos e na objetivação desses, potencializando a aprendizagem e movendo o desenvolvimento, já que a formação da subjetividade em cada sujeito é efeito de um processo educativo que deve ser objeto de estudo tanto da Psicologia quanto da Educação.
Permeability and compressibility of wax-coated sands
Authors: BARDET J.-P. , JESMANI M. , JABBARI N.
Published: May 2014

Wax-coated sands are synthetic soils that have the potential to generate many new geotechnical applications in addition to synthetic horseracing tracks and sport fields. Compared to natural sands, wax-coated sands are hydrophobic and display superior, but not yet well-understood, mechanical and hydraulic properties. Based on a series of laboratory tests, this study investigates the effects of wax content on the permeability and compressibility of wax-coated sand. Laboratory results show that wax contents up to 6% may triple permeability and double compressibility. Simplified physical models are developed to analyse the experimental results and describe the effect of wax coating on permeability and compressibility. These models imply that the increase in permeability results from the aggregation of smaller sand particles caused by the wax tackiness, which generates larger interstices. The smaller particles attach to other particles and render the sand coarser. The wax coating also softens the contact between sand particles and makes the wax-coated sand more compressible. More research is warranted to explore the applications of hydrophobic coating in geotechnical engineering.
3D evolution of sand fracture under 1D compression
Authors: CIL M.B. , ALSHIBLI K.A.
Published: May 2014

Three-dimensional (3D) synchrotron microtomography (SMT) and the discrete-element method (DEM) were used to investigate the evolution of particle fracture and deformation behaviour of a granular assembly subjected to the k0-loading condition. A series of one-dimensional (1D) compression laboratory experiments were first conducted to better understand the effect of specimen aspect ratio (height-to-diameter ratio, H/D) on deformation behaviour, which demonstrated that changing the specimen aspect ratio influences the stress–strain response of sand. 1D compression was simulated using a 3D DEM model by mapping particle positions from SMT images. Crushable sand particles were modelled in DEM using agglomerates of spherical sub-particles that were bonded by parallel bonds. The DEM model successfully predicted the compressive behaviour of specimens with different aspect ratios. The experimental and DEM results show that the onset of particle fracture and specimen yielding occur at the same strain level. The evolution and distribution of particle fracture were analysed non-destructively at the particle and specimen scales using SMT images and the DEM model. The SMT images revealed that the majority of the particle fracture occurred in particles close to the loading platen. The onset of the fracture pattern of individual sand particles within the granular assembly was also examined at consecutive strain levels using SMT images and DEM simulation results. The development and collapse of force chains were investigated using the DEM model and it was observed that the agglomerates that are part of a strong force chain mostly experience bond breakages. Combining SMT imaging technique and DEM simulations provided valuable insight into complex micromechanical processes occurring during the compression of crushable granular materials.
Natural selection on seed size through the life cycle of a desert annual plant
Authors: Larios Eugenio , Búrquez Alberto , Becerra Judith X. , Lawrence Venable D.
Published: May 2014

Under stressful circumstances, seed size has important consequences for germination, survival, and reproductive success; all of these are important components of plant fitness. This study investigates the relationship between seed size and fitness in the Sonoran Desert winter annual Dithyrea californica. This species represents a unique opportunity to study natural selection on seed size in the wild due to a serendipitous detail of its life history: the seed coat remains attached and unchanged to the root throughout its life. It is thus possible to excavate the root and measure the seed size that originated each plant. We measured the relationship between seed size and germination by comparing seed sizes of germinated and dormant seeds in the field over four consecutive years. We also measured the effect of seed size on survival and reproductive success using data from censuses of plant mortality and fecundity of survivors, relating survival and fecundity to the size of their initial seed size, and the number of conspecific neighbors. Larger seeds had a higher probability of germination than smaller seeds. Plants originating from larger seeds had higher survival rates and higher fecundity than plants originating from smaller seeds. The amount of precipitation had a beneficial effect on plant fecundity and influenced seed‐size survival selection. Plant competition decreased plant fecundity but not survival, creating a detrimental environment for plants only to grow and reproduce. This is the first study to show empirical evidence of seed‐size selection throughout the whole life cycle in a natural setting. Further, maternal provisioning has benefits that persist into adulthood, and environmental interactions are important in determining survival and fecundity.
Using Simulation to Compare 4 Categories of Intervention for Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Risks
Authors: Hirsch Gary , Homer Jack , Trogdon Justin , Wile Kristina , Orenstein Diane
Published: May 2014

The Prevention Impacts Simulation Model (PRISM) projects the multiyear impacts of 22 different interventions aimed at reducing risk of cardiovascular disease. We grouped these into 4 categories: clinical, behavioral support, health promotion and access, and taxes and regulation. We simulated impacts for the United States overall and also for a less-advantaged county with a higher death rate. Of the 4 categories of intervention, taxes and regulation reduce costs the most in the short term (through 2020) and long term (through 2040) and reduce deaths the most in the long term; they are second to clinical interventions in reducing deaths in the short term. All 4 categories combined were required to bring costs and deaths in the less-advantaged county down to the national level.
Community Water Fluoridation and Intelligence: Prospective Study in New Zealand
Authors: Broadbent Jonathan M. , Thomson W. Murray , Ramrakha Sandhya , Moffitt Terrie E. , Zeng Jiaxu , Foster Page Lyndie A. , Poulton Richie
Published: May 2014

Objectives. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between community water fluoridation (CWF) and IQ.

Methods. We conducted a prospective study of a general population sample of those born in Dunedin, New Zealand, between April 1, 1972, and March 30, 1973 (95.4% retention of cohort after 38 years of prospective follow-up). Residence in a CWF area, use of fluoride dentifrice and intake of 0.5-milligram fluoride tablets were assessed in early life (prior to age 5 years); we assessed IQ repeatedly between ages 7 to 13 years and at age 38 years.

Results. No clear differences in IQ because of fluoride exposure were noted. These findings held after adjusting for potential confounding variables, including sex, socioeconomic status, breastfeeding, and birth weight (as well as educational attainment for adult IQ outcomes).

Conclusions. These findings do not support the assertion that fluoride in the context of CWF programs is neurotoxic. Associations between very high fluoride exposure and low IQ reported in previous studies may have been affected by confounding, particularly by urban or rural status.
Correlates of Sexual Risk Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual South African Youths
Authors: Thurston Idia B. , Dietrich Janan , Bogart Laura M. , Otwombe Kennedy N. , Sikkema Kathleen J. , Nkala Busiswe , Gray Glenda E.
Published: May 2014

We explored psychosocial correlates of sexual risk among heterosexual and sexual minority youths (SMYs) in Johannesburg, South Africa. Young people 16 to 18 years old (n = 822) were administered surveys assessing demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, mental health, and parent–child communication. Adjusted multivariate regressions examining correlates of sexual risk revealed that SMYs had more sexual partners than heterosexual youths (B = 3.90; SE = 0.95; P < .001) and were more likely to engage in sex trading (OR = 3.11; CI = 1.12-8.62; P < .05). South African SMYs are at increased risk relative to their heterosexual peers.
Age, Period and Cohort Trends in Caries of Permanent Teeth in Four Developed Countries
Authors: Bernabé Eduardo , Sheiham Aubrey
Published: May 2014

Objectives. We assessed the relative influences of age, period, and cohort effects on trends in caries experience of permanent teeth in 4 different populations.

Methods. We used data from England and Wales, United States, Japan, and Sweden in which numerous cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys have been conducted periodically since the early 1960s. For each country, trends in caries experience (measured by DMFT index—the number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth) were analyzed in an age, period, and cohort (APC) analysis using partial least square regression.

Results. A strong effect of age manifested in caries experience, period and cohort effects aside. Caries levels increased through to adolescence; thereafter, there was a larger increase in DMFT in adulthood. Compared with the aging effect, period and cohort effects on caries experience were small. Population DMFT scores decreased over time in all countries except Japan. Cohort effects on caries experience displayed a nonlinear pattern in all 4 countries, with slightly lower caries levels among the oldest and most recent generations.

Conclusions. Despite marked recent declines in caries among children, caries levels increase with age and remain problematic in adults.
Effects of a Brief Case Management Intervention Linking People With HIV to Oral Health Care: Project SMILE
Authors: Metsch Lisa R. , Pereyra Margaret , Messinger Shari , Jeanty Yves , Parish Carrigan , Valverde Eduardo , Cardenas Gabriel , Boza Henry , Tomar Scott
Published: May 2014

Objectives. Although people with HIV experience significant oral health problems, many consistently identify oral health as an unmet health care need. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of a dental case management intervention on dental care use.

Methods. We evaluated the intervention according to self-reported dental care use at 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-ups. Multivariable logistic models with generalized estimating equations were used to assess the effects of the intervention over time.

Results. The odds of having a dental care visit were about twice as high in the intervention group as in the standard care group at 6 months (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.52; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.58, 4.08) and 12 months (adjusted OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.17, 3.35), but the odds were comparable in the 2 groups by 18 months (adjusted OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 0.62, 1.86). Factors significantly associated with having a dental care visit included frequent physician visits and dental care referrals.

Conclusions. We demonstrated that a dental case management intervention targeting people with HIV was efficacious but not sustainable over time. Barriers not addressed in the intervention must be considered to sustain its use over time.
Systems Science and Obesity Policy: A Novel Framework for Analyzing and Rethinking Population-Level Planning
Authors: Johnston Lee M. , Matteson Carrie L. , Finegood Diane T.
Published: May 2014

Objectives. We demonstrate the use of a systems-based framework to assess solutions to complex health problems such as obesity.

Methods. We coded 12 documents published between 2004 and 2013 aimed at influencing obesity planning for complex systems design (9 reports from US and Canadian governmental or health authorities, 1 Cochrane review, and 2 Institute of Medicine reports). We sorted data using the intervention-level framework (ILF), a novel solutions-oriented approach to complex problems. An in-depth comparison of 3 documents provides further insight into complexity and systems design in obesity policy.

Results. The majority of strategies focused mainly on changing the determinants of energy imbalance (food intake and physical activity). ILF analysis brings to the surface actions aimed at higher levels of system function and points to a need for more innovative policy design.

Conclusions. Although many policymakers acknowledge obesity as a complex problem, many strategies stem from the paradigm of individual choice and are limited in scope. The ILF provides a template to encourage natural systems thinking and more strategic policy design grounded in complexity science.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Binge Eating: Disorder Prevalence, Symptom Presentation, and Help-Seeking Among Asian Americans and Non-Latino Whites
Authors: Lee-Winn Angela , Mendelson Tamar , Mojtabai Ramin
Published: May 2014

Asian Americans are more likely than non-Latino Whites to report binge eating, but are equally likely to meet binge eating disorder (BED) criteria. Using nationally representative data, we assessed whether differences in symptom reporting contributed to this disparity. Asian Americans were less likely than Whites to endorse BED symptoms related to distress or loss of control despite a higher prevalence of binge eating; they were also less likely to receive services for eating problems. Findings suggest cultural differences might lead to under-recognition of binge eating in Asian Americans.
Use and Taxonomy of Social Media in Cancer-Related Research: A Systematic Review
Authors: Koskan Alexis , Klasko Lynne , Davis Stacy N. , Gwede Clement K. , Wells Kristen J. , Kumar Ambuj , Lopez Natalia , Meade Cathy D.
Published: May 2014

Little is known about how social media are used in cancer care. We conducted a systematic review of the use and taxonomy of social media in cancer-related studies, in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. We located 1350 articles published through October 2013; 69 met study inclusion criteria.

Early research (1996–2007) was predominantly descriptive studies of online forums. Later, researchers began analyzing blogs, videos shared on YouTube, and social networking sites. Most studies (n = 62) were descriptive, and only 7 reported intervention studies published since 2010.

Future research should include more intervention studies to determine how social media can influence behavior, and more empirical research is needed on how social media may be used to reduce health disparities.
Short-Term Medical Service Trips: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
Authors: Sykes Kevin J.
Published: May 2014

Short-term medical service trips (MSTs) aim to address unmet health care needs of low- and middle-income countries. The lack of critically reviewed empirical evidence of activities and outcomes is a concern.

Developing evidence-based recommendations for health care delivery requires systematic research review. I focused on MST publications with empirical results. Searches in May 2013 identified 67 studies published since 1993, only 6% of the published articles on the topic in the past 20 years. Nearly 80% reported on surgical trips.

Although the MST field is growing, its medical literature lags behind, with nearly all of the scholarly publications lacking significant data collection. By incorporating data collection into service trips, groups can validate practices and provide information about areas needing improvement.
Using Medicare Data to Identify Individuals Who Are Electricity Dependent to Improve Disaster Preparedness and Response
Authors: DeSalvo Karen , Lurie Nicole , Finne Kristen , Worrall Chris , Bogdanov Alina , Dinkler Ayame , Babcock Sarah , Kelman Jeffrey
Published: May 2014

During a disaster or prolonged power outage, individuals who use electricity-dependent medical equipment are often unable to operate it and seek care in acute care settings or local shelters. Public health officials often report that they do not have proactive and systematic ways to rapidly identify and assist these individuals.

In June 2013, we piloted a first-in-the-nation emergency preparedness drill in which we used Medicare claims data to identify individuals with electricity-dependent durable medical equipment during a disaster and securely disclosed it to a local health department. We found that Medicare claims data were 93% accurate in identifying individuals using a home oxygen concentrator or ventilator.

The drill findings suggest that claims data can be useful in improving preparedness and response for electricity-dependent populations.
The Debate on Regulating Menthol Cigarettes: Closing a Dangerous Loophole vs Freedom of Choice
Authors: Cheyne Andrew , Dorfman Lori , Daynard Richard A. , Mejia Pamela , Gottlieb Mark
Published: May 2014

The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act exempted menthol from a flavoring additive ban, tasking the Tobacco Products Safety Advisory Committee to advise on the scientific evidence on menthol. To inform future tobacco control efforts, we examined the public debate from 2008 to 2011 over the exemption. Health advocates regularly warned of menthol’s public health damages, but inconsistently invoked the health disparities borne by African American smokers. Tobacco industry spokespeople insisted that making menthol available put them on the side of African Americans’ struggle for justice and enlisted civil rights groups to help them make that case. In future debates, public health must prioritize and invest in the leadership of communities most affected by health harms to ensure a strong, unrelenting voice in support of health equity.
The Determination of Condition Met by Boom System Working in Safety
Based on Multiple Load Case Analysis
Authors: Yue Wenhui , Weng Jianxin , Huang Liangpei , Zhu Yongxing , Duan Penghui
Published: May 2014

Loads subjected by the boom system on the concrete pump are so complex, that fatigue cracks or fatigue
fractures appear, which may lead to loss of property and casualty. However, when the concrete pump is functioning in
safe condition, the damage of the boom system is reduced, thereby preventing the accidents. In order to select safe
working conditions, a boom system of 37m concrete pump as research object should be adopted. The finite element
analysis is carried out on the boom system based on MSC. Patran and Nastran, with regularly varying degrees, and
changing trends of the maximum stresses subjected by booms with the change of degrees of booms, attained a safe
condition of the boom system. Finally, taking the four kinds of typical foundation casting working conditions as example,
the feasibility of using this condition to determine the safe working condition has been verified.
Unified Grey Relational Analysis on Transformer DGA Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Qizhi Wang , Xiaoxia Wang
Published: May 2014

Power transformer is one of the most important equipments in the electric system. Dissolved Gases Analysis is
an important method in the diagnosis of internal fault of transformers. Because the signs and types of fault have
complicated nonlinear relations, the traditional methods cannot exactly meet the requirements of engineer application.
This paper proposes synthesis of relational grey incidence to analyze the comparability and the proximity of the sequence
which can effectively diagnose the type of transformer faults.
The Zirconia Ceramic: Strengths and Weaknesses
Authors: Daou Elie E.
Published: May 2014

Metal ceramic restorations were considered the gold standard as reliable materials. Increasing demand for esthetics supported the commercialization of new metal free restorations. A growing demand is rising for zirconia prostheses. Peer-reviewed articles published till July 2013 were identified through a Medline (Pubmed and Elsevier). Emphasizing was made on zirconia properties and applications. Zirconia materials are able to withstand posterior physiologic loads. Although zirconia cores are considered as reliable materials, these restorations are not problem free.
LETTER TO THE EDITOR-Potential Hazards of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents in the Treatment
of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Comment on: “Neuromuscular
Blockers in Early Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome”
Authors: Fagenholz Peter
Published: May 2014

Full Text Available
Microhabitat Use and Vertical Habitat Partitioning of Juvenile Atlantic
(Gadus morhua) and Greenland (Gadus ogac) Cod in Coastal Newfoundland
Authors: Knickle D. Craig , Rose George A.
Published: May 2014

Twenty co-occurring juvenile gadids (10 Gadus ogac and 10 Gadus morhua) were surgically implanted with
ultrasonic transmitters with depth sensors and continuously monitored for up to 23 days in the summers of 2009 and 2010
to test fine-scale habitat use and vertical distribution overlap in coastal Newfoundland (>18700 positional fixes). A habitat
map with 8 substrate and 3 slope classes (low (<5°), moderate (5-10°), and high (>10°)) was generated from acoustic data
and coincident video data using seabed mapping software (QTC). Fish locations were integrated with a habitat map to assess
and quantify habitat preference. Both species avoided fine gravel/sand substrates with little vegetation and selected
for large particle (cobble and boulder) substrates with moderate or dense vegetation, and spent the majority of time in
< 10 m of water. Nevertheless, species differences in habitat use were evident. G. ogac typically remained in close proximity
to the seafloor whereas G. morhua was often distributed more pelagically and showed greater variation in vertical
distribution. Habitat use and vertical distribution patterns were consistent across the diel period. Our results suggest that
despite high overlap in habitat use, G. morhua and G. ogac often segregate vertically in the water column, which may reduce
competitive interference. We suggest that these patterns are related to differences in diet.
The influence of selenium and deiodinases blockers on juvenile rats body weight
Authors: Milanovic Svetlana , Jovanovic Ivan , Bjelica Jelena , Joksimovic Srdjan , Stefanovic Srdjan , Radovic Magdalena , Kirovski Danijela , Valcic Olivera , Gvozdic Dragan
Published: May 2014

In this work there was investigated the influence of selenium and deodinases
blockers on juvenile rats body weight during three months. The experiment was
carried out on 64 rats divided into eight groups with eight individual
animals per group. Following groups were formed: 1. Se+PTU-IA- (control
group), 2. Se+PTU+IA+, 3. Se+PTU+IA-, 4. Se+PTU- IA+, 5. Se-PTU-IA-, 6.
Se-PTU+IA+, 7. Se-PTU+IA- and 8. Se-PTU-IA+. The groups labeled (Se+) were
selenium adequate and they were fed with food that contained 0.334 mg Se/kg.
The groups labeled (Se-) were selenium deficient and obtained food with 0.031
mg Se/kg. As deiodinases blockers there were used propylthiouracil (PTU+) in
a dose of 150 mg/L of drinking water and iopanoic acid (IA+) in a dose of 6
mg/100 g TM intraperitoneally. Body weight of experimental rats was measured
every seven days. After three weeks of treatment there were taken blood
samples of animals from all experimental groups and following parameters were
determined: selenium concentration in blood, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine
(T3) and thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) in blood plasma. Analysis of the
samples showed that the animals from the groups treated with PTU had lower
body weight in regard to the control group, as well as lower concentration of
T3 and T4 in plasma. Selenium deficient rats had lower average body weight
compared to the selenium adequate ones after three weeks, but there were no
differences in thyroid hormones concentration. The lowest average body weight
was noticed in selenium deficient rats groups treated with PTU.
Effects of buffering mineral mixtures on milk yield, milk composition, rumen pH and some blood biochemical parameters in heat stressed dairy cows
Authors: Adamovic Milan , Samanc Horea , Kirovski Danijela , Vujanac Ivan , Valcic Olivera
Published: May 2014

The objective of the work was to investigate the influence of partial
substitution of magnesium oxide with natural bentonite in feed mixtures used
in feeding of cows during their exposure to heat stress. The investigation
lasted 30 days and was carried out during last ten days of may and first
twenty days of June when average air temperature in stables was 36.6?2.5oC.
In the experiment there were included 30 cows of Holstein breed in first
phase of lactation, which were divided into two groups of 15 cows: control
(C) and experimental (E). Group C was fed with experimental mineral mixture
that contained 60% of magnesium oxide during the whole investigation period.
Group E was fed with experimental mineral mixture that contained 40% of
magnesium oxide as well as 20% of natural bentonite. Remaining ingredients in
both control and experimental mineral mixtures were the same and also
contained 20% of sodium bicarbonate and 20% of zeolite in the same
quantities. The control and experimental mineral mixtures were mixed into
complete feed mixture (18% UP) in the amount of 1%. At tne end of the
investigation period, on the 30th day, there were taken samples of rumens
contents for determining pH, and after that blood samples, in which, after
the separation of blood serum, were determined glucose concentration, total
proteins, albumin, globulin, urea, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total
bilirubin, calcium and phosphorus, as well as the activity of ALT and AST. By
computation there was calculated the ratio between albumin and globulin, ALT
and AST, and the ratio between calcium and phosphorus. Daily allowance and
milk chemical composition ( percentage of fat, proteins and dry substance)
were determined at the end of the investigation period, that is on the 30th
day of lactation, for each cow individually. Partial substitution of
magnesium oxide with bentonite influenced milk production increase, but it
was statistically insignificant. Besides that, in E group of cows, percentage
of fat and dry substance in milk was significantly increased (p<0.05 and 0.01
respectively), while percentage of protein increase was insignificant. The
substitution of magnesium oxide with bentonite had no impact on the values of
examined parameters of metabolic profile, but it led to statistically
significant increase of rumen contents pH values (p<0.05). From the obtained
results it can be concluded that substitution of magnesium oxide with
bentonite in feed mixtures that are used for feeding cows during summer
period, can prevent rumen acidosis, which high yielding cows incline to under
the conditions of elevated external temperatures. Besides that, this kind of
substitution leads to improvement of milk composition, especially when
percentage of fat and dry substance in milk is concerned.
Therapy of tarsal arthritis in cow
Authors: Toholj Bojan , Spasojevic Jovan , Stevancevic Milenko , Cincovic Marko
Published: May 2014

With mastitis and reproductive disorders, musculoskeletal diseases represent
one of the most important problems in modern cattle production. In this paper
we described the diagnostic procedure and the possibility of treatment of
septic arthritis in cattle. After a successful general clinical examination,
ultrasound diagnostics and arthrocenthesis of affected joint are done. After
ultrasound examination and trail puncture of the joint are done, we conducted
therapy which was consisting of local and systemic treatments. By conducted
therapy there was a significant improvement in the health of the animal. The
swelling is completely evaporated and lameness was less pronounced, and it is
progressively reduced in the future.
Prevalence of body shape concerns and associated factors among brazilian early adolescents
Authors: Martins Cilene Rebolho , Carraça Eliana , Teixeira Pedro Jorge , Silva Analiza M. , Petroski Edio Luiz
Published: May 2014

Purpose

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of body shape concerns and associated factors among Brazilian early adolescents.

Methods

This was a school-based cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted with 526 girls between 11 and 14 years enrolled in thirteen public schools in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The Body Shape Questionnaire and Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) was administered. Sociodemographic variables (age group, household head education, and socioeconomic status), sexual maturation (pubic hair growth, breast development, and menarche) and percentage of body fat (%BF) were collected. Analyses were conducted using Poisson regression and a confidence level of 95%.

Results

The prevalence of body shape concerns was 24.1% (95% confidence interval – CI: 17.5–30.7). Adolescent girls aged 13–14 years (prevalence ratio – PR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03–1.11; p = 0.02), with very high (PR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.21–1.90; p = 0.004) and high %BF (PR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.18–1.32; p = 0.004), and those girls showing risk behaviors for anorexia and bulimia (PR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.19–1.59; p = 0.01) were more concerned with their body image.

Conclusions

The prevalence of body shape concerns among Brazilian girls was considerable and was associated with age, %BF, and risk behaviors for anorexia and bulimia. This study highlights the importance of screening for body image concerns in schools, preventing the adoption of unhealthy body weight ideals, and the development of excessive body shape concerns in this population.
Age and sex variation in the results of the 2hand test in an adult population
Authors: Sebastjan Anna , Siwek Katarzyna , Kozieł Sławomir , Ignasiak Zofia , Skrzek Anna
Published: May 2014

Purpose

The aim of the present pilot study was to assess sex and age differences in sensory-motor coordination by examining eye–hand coordination in an elderly population.

Methods

The sample consisted of 529 participants (158 men and 371 women) aged over 50 years from Poland. Participants performed the 2HAND test, with the results analyzed by two-way ANOVA. The three test parameters (total mean duration, total mean error duration, and coordination difficulty) of the test were treated as dependent variables while sex and age (separated into 5-year age groups) were the independent variables.

Results

In each 5-year age group, differences between the analyzed parameters were higher in females. Significant age differences were found in the means of total mean duration and total mean error duration. Neither of the above parameters showed significant differences for sex.

Conclusions

The values of all the parameters measuring eye–hand coordination showed a gradual deterioration with age. The pilot study warrants additional data collection, where large-scale quantitative research may help in the development of suitable prevention strategies to slow the impact of aging on eye–hand coordination abilities in the elderly.
Freestyle versus butterfly swimming performance – effects of age and sex
Authors: Zingg Matthias Alexander , Wolfrum Mathias , Rüst Christoph Alexander , Rosemann Thomas , Lepers Romuald , Knechtle Beat
Published: May 2014

Purpose

Recent studies have suggested that the age of peak freestyle swimming speed is reached earlier in life in women than in men. However, no study has investigated the age of peak swimming speed in other swimming styles such as butterfly. The aims of the present study were to investigate the age of peak swimming speed in elite male and female butterfly and freestyle swimmers at the national level (Switzerland) and the sex differences in both the age of peak swimming speed and swimming speed for both swimming styles.

Methods

Results of the elite Swiss swimmers between 2006 and 2010 were analysed using one-way analysis of variance.

Results

In butterfly, women achieved peak swimming speed at 20–21 years in the 50 m, 100 m and 200 m, whereas men reached their fastest swimming speed in the 50 m at 20–21 years and in both the 100 m and 200 m at 18–19 years. In freestyle, women achieved peak swimming speed at 20–21 years for all distances. Men were the fastest at 22–23 years for both the 100 m and 200 m and at 26–27 years for the 50 m. In the butterfly, the sex difference in swimming speed was highest in the 50 m and lowest in the 200 m (14.1% ± 0.2 in the 50 m, 12.6% ± 1.0 in the 100 m and 8.7% ± 1.8 in the 200 m). Additionally, the sex difference in freestyle swimming speed was highest in the 50 m and lowest in the 200 m (16.2% ± 0.5 in the 50 m, 15.9% ± 0.4 in 100 m and 14.9% ± 1.0 in 200 m).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that peak swimming speed was achieved earlier in life in men compared with women for the 100 m and 200 m butterfly distances but not in the 50 m butterfly. In freestyle, peak swimming speed was achieved at younger ages in women compared with men. The sex difference in peak swimming speed was lower in the butterfly than in freestyle.
Minimum Important Differences for the Patient-Specific Functional Scale, 4 Region-Specific Outcome Measures, and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Authors: Abbott J. Haxby , Schmitt John
Published: May 2014

Study Design

Multicenter, prospective, longitudinal cohort study.

Objectives

To investigate the minimum important difference (MID) of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), 4 region-specific outcome measures, and the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) across 3 levels of patient-perceived global rating of change in a clinical setting.

Background

The MID varies depending on the external anchor defining patient-perceived “importance.” The MID for the PSFS has not been established across all body regions.

Methods

One thousand seven hundred eight consecutive patients with musculoskeletal disorders were recruited from 5 physical therapy clinics. The PSFS, NPRS, and 4 region-specific outcome measures-the Oswestry Disability Index, Neck Disability Index, Upper Extremity Functional Index, and Lower Extremity Functional Scale-were assessed at the initial and final physical therapy visits. Global rating of change was assessed at the final visit. MID was calculated for the PSFS and NPRS (overall and for each body region), and for each region-specific outcome measure, across 3 levels of change defined by the global rating of change (small, medium, large change) using receiver operating characteristic curve methodology.

Results

The MID for the PSFS (on a scale from 0 to 10) ranged from 1.3 (small change) to 2.3 (medium change) to 2.7 (large change), and was relatively stable across body regions. MIDs for the NPRS (−1.5 to −3.5), Oswestry Disability Index (−12), Neck Disability Index (−14), Upper Extremity Functional Index (6 to 11), and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (9 to 16) are also reported.

Conclusion

We reported the MID for small, medium, and large patient-perceived change on the PSFS, NPRS, Oswestry Disability Index, Neck Disability Index, Upper Extremity Functional Index, and Lower Extremity Functional Scale for use in clinical practice and research. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2014;44(8):560–564. Epub 14 May 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5248
Laboratory-confirmed case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in Malaysia: preparedness and response, April 2014
Authors: Premila Devi J , Noraini W , Norhayati R , Chee Kheong C , Badrul A S , Zainah S , Fadzilah K , Hirman I , Lokman Hakim S , Noor Hisham A
Published: May 2014

On 14 April 2014, the first laboratory-confirmed case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection was reported in Malaysia in a man in his mid-fifties, who developed pneumonia with respiratory distress, after returning from a pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia. The case succumbed to his illness three days after admission at a local hospital. The follow-up of 199 close contacts identified through contact tracing and vigilant surveillance did not result in detecting any other confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection.
Long-term control of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae at the scale of a large French multihospital institution: a nine-year experience, France, 2004 to 2012
Authors: Fournier S , Monteil C , Lepainteur M , Richard C , Brun-Buisson C , Jarlier V , AP-HP Outbreaks Control Group collective
Published: May 2014

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Determination of Relationship and Path Co-efficient between Pod Yield and Yield Component Traits of Groundnut Cultivars
Authors: Thakur SB , Ghimire SK , Chaudhary NK , Shrestha SM , Mishra B
Published: May 2014

Twenty - five groundnut genotypes, obtained from National Oilseed Research Program (NORP), Nawalpur, Nepal along with local checks (B -4, Baidehi, Rajshree and Jayanti) were used to study correlation and path co-efficient among pod yield and yield component traits in groundnut. The pod yield ha-1 showed highly significant and positive association with days to maturity, sound matured kernel (SMK)%, pod length, pod width and kernel length but the highly significant and negative association was shown with days to flowering, pod plant-1, shoots length, shelling % and specific leaf area. Partitioning the total yield contributions into individual and combined effect showed that days to maturity, root length, pod width, pod length and kernel length made individual high positive direct contribution to pod yield ha-1.Days to flowering, shoot length, shelling %, SMK% and100 kernel weights had direct negative contribution with pod yield ha-1. Therefore, days to maturity, root length, pod width, pod length and kernel length were identified to be the important traits which could be used in selection for yield. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10409 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 2 (2013) 1-8
Pathogenic Variability and Differential Interaction of Blast Fungus (Pyricularia grisea SACC.) Isolates with Finger Millet Lines in Nepal
Authors: Khadka RB , Shrestha SM , Manandhar HK , KC GB
Published: May 2014

To understand the pathogenic variability of Nepalese isolates of Pyricularia grisea pathogenic to finger millet and their differential interaction with this millet exotic lines and landraces, an experiment was conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan during August to October, 2008. Five Pyricularia isolates collected from Lumle, Pokhara, Gulmi, Kabre and Rampur were tested with five landraces Acc#4337, Acc#6202, Acc#456, KLB#184, Kabre and four exotic lines, PR#202, HR#911, SPFM#K2, and GPU#48 which have been used in national finger millet research programme by Hill Crop Research Programme (HCRP), Kabre, Dolakha. The experiment was laid out in 5x 9 factorial completely randomized designs with 4 replications in screen house. Eighteen-day-old seedlings grown in earthen pots were inoculated with a Pyricularia spore suspension (105ml-1) with the hand sprayer. Disease assessment was done in five days after inoculation. The aggressiveness of the isolates was noticed maximum in Pokhara and minimum in Gulmi isolates. Considerable pathogenic variations among the tested isolates were observed, however, no clear cut differential interactions were noticed in the interaction. The exotic lines showed comparatively resistant against the fungus reaction than the landraces. Among the tested lines Gpu#48, showed resistant reaction and Acc#4337 showed susceptible reaction in artificial inoculation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10411 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 2 (2013) 17-24
Effect of Grafting Height on Success and Subsequent Growth of Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) Saplings
Authors: Chalise B , Paudyal KP , Srivastava SP
Published: May 2014

A field experiment was conducted at National Citrus Research Program (NCRP), Paripatle, Dhankuta to determine the best grafting height for the highest success of grafting and the maximum growth of saplings during 1st January to 30th December, 2010. Scions were collected from the mother plant ‘NCRP-49’ grown under screen house and grafted onto one-year-old trifoliate orange seedling rootstocks by shoot-tip method at 4 cm, 8 cm, 12 cm, 16 cm and 20 cm height from the collar region as the treatment. The grafts were planted inside the closed tunnel made from bamboo splits, jute and plastic sheet at 10×8 cm spacing in 64×100 cm experimental plots laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications containing 80 grafts per plot. Treatments were allotted on the experimental plots randomly. The success of grafting was not affected by the height of grafting, however, growth of sapling was found significantly affected by the height of grafting. Observation taken on saplings after one year of grafting revealed that the maximum scion height (42.13 cm), the highest number of leaves per sapling (47.50), the highest growth of scion diameter (55.61%), maximum length of primary branches (31.19 cm), maximum number of secondary branches per sapling ((3.24), the highest length of secondary branches (11.59 cm), the highest canopy volume (15440 cm3) and the highest graft spread (24.35 cm) were found on the sapling grafted at 16 cm height of the trifoliate orange rootstock. Hence, from the study it is concluded that the most suitable height of grafting acid lime on trifoliate orange rootstock was 16 cm. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10412   Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 2 (2013) 25-32
Isolation and Culture Condition Optimization of Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Rai U , Deshar G , Rai B , Bhattarai K , Dhakal RP , Rai SK
Published: May 2014

Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck (Beijerinck) is one of the fast growing planktonic microalgae predominantly found in lentic habitats. It was isolated from water samples using BG 11 medium and identified and screened for mixotrophic growth using glucose as carbon source in the medium. The growth of this algae was also studied for autotrophic and mixotrophic regimen. It showed higher growth in a medium of pH 7 containing glucose rather than in autotrophic condition. Similarly, its growth was also studied in media containing different nitrogen sources in which NaNO3 gave the best result. A pilot scale culture of C. vulgaris was performed in 5 l fermenter illuminated with fluorescent tube of 36 W maintaining 16:8 hrs of light and dark period with pH 7, temperature at 25°C, stirrer rate at 75 rpm, air flow rate at 30 L/hr. The specific growth rate was found to be 6.879 cells/ ml/ day whereas doubling time was found to be 2 hrs and 9 mins. The cells were harvested by sedimentation and centrifugation followed by drying at 50°- 80°C. The dried biomass was treated with dichloromethane: methanol (2:1) v/v solution in Soxhlet extractor for 3 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10414   Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 2 (2013) 43-48
Phytochemical and Biological Studies on Essential Oil and Leaf Extracts of Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall
Authors: Joshi S , Subedi PC
Published: May 2014

Essential oil of Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall was isolated by hydrodistillation and GC/MS was used to find out the active constituents present in the oil. Methyl salicylate was the major compound (94.16%) and 4-hydroxy-4- methyl-2-pentanone as minor (5.84%) of oil. Phytochemical screening of methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane extracts of leaves showed the presence of volatile oils, alkaloids, carotenoids, steroids, triterpenes, fatty acids, phenolic compounds and glycosides. Brine Shrimp Bioassay showed the oil was cytotoxic having LC50 value of 81.3 mg/l. Oils having 50% and 100% were found to be biologically active towards Staphylococcus and Kelbesia species but no positive activity was noted against Proteus and Escherichia species. Both concentrations (50% & 100%) of ethyl acetate and hexane extracts were biologically active only towards Proteus species. Further, chloroform extract was biologically inactive among the tested species. E. coli and S. aureus showed greater zone of inhibition towards methanol extracts for both concentrations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10416   Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 2 (2013) 59-64
Study on the Soil Corrosivity towards the Buried-Structures in Soil Environment of Tanglaphant-Tribhuvan University Campus-Balkhu Areas of Kirtipur
Authors: Gautam M , Bhattarai J
Published: May 2014

Soil parameters such as moisture, pH, resistivity, oxidation-reduction potential, chloride and sulfate ions were investigated, because these parameters affect the corrosive nature of soils toward the buried-galvanized steels and cast-iron pipelines used to supply drinking water in Tanglaphant-Tribhuvan University Campus-Balkhu areas of Kirtipur. The soil parameters examined in the study areas are found as: moisture (7-48%), pH (7.0-7.9), resistivity (6,300-37,000 ohm.cm), oxidation-reduction potential (307-490 mV vs SHE), chloride (13-92 ppm) and sulfate (62-309 ppm) contents. The results gave an indication of mildly corrosive to non-corrosive nature of soils on the buried galvanized steels and cast-iron pipes used to supply drinking water in the study areas of Kirtipur.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10417   Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 2 (2013) 65-72