bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Requisite leader behavioural competencies for sustainable organisational performance
Authors: Grobler Schalk W. , Du Plessis Yvonne
Published: August 2016

Orientation: Organisations constantly strive to understand the impact of leader behaviour on continued superior organisational performance.Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish a framework of requisite leader behavioural competencies for sustainable (repeated) organisational performance and to determine the interrelationship between leader behaviour and sustainable organisational performance.Rationale/ motivation: Many studies have been conducted investigating the impact of leadership on organisational performance, but a gap exists in studying the interplay between leader behavioural competencies, organisational performance and organisational context.Research design, approach and method: A case study research design was used employing a qualitative approach with a constructivist grounded theory research philosophy. Data collection comprised archival document review and semi-structured, in-depth interviews with senior executives in a high performing multinational listed South African organisation as case. Data analysis was conducted with the aid of qualitative data analysis computer software, as well as through iterative open and axial coding to discover patterns and themes.Main findings: The study resulted in a leader behavioural competency framework purporting a model founded strongly in context and simplicity.Practical/ Managerial implications: Requisite leader behavioural competencies were identified as: 1) simple focus and providing direction; 2) a sincere regard for people, or employee well-being; 3) creating an environment of absolute trust and empowerment; 4) enforcing innovation and entrepreneurship; 5) full leader support and backup; and 6) affording profound reward and recognition for achievements.Contribution: Organisations can benefit from an insight into understanding how the identified requisite leader behavioural competencies possibly can impact organisational performance in their respective environments.
Neurosurgery in rural Nigeria: A prospective study
Authors: Rabiu Taopheeq Bamidele , Komolafe Edward Oluwole
Published: August 2016

Background: Africa has very few neurosurgeons. These are almost exclusively in urban centers. Consequently, people in rural areas, most of the African population, have poor or no access to neurosurgical care. We have recently pioneered rural neurosurgery in Nigeria. Objectives: This report details our initial experiences and the profile of neurosurgical admissions in our center. Methods: A prospective observational study of all neurosurgical patients managed at a rural tertiary health institution in Nigeria from December 2010 to May 2012 was done. Simple descriptive data analysis was performed. Results: A total of 249 males (75.2%) and 82 females (24.8%) were managed. The median age was 37 years (range: Day of birth – 94 years). Trauma was the leading cause of presentation with 225 (68.0%) and 35 (10.6%) having sustained head and spinal injuries, respectively. Operative intervention was performed in 54 (16.3%). Twenty-four (7.2%) patients discharged against medical advice, mostly for economic reasons. Most patients (208, 63.4%) had satisfactory outcome while 30 (9.1%) died. Conclusion: Trauma is the leading cause of rural neurosurgical presentations. There is an urgent need to improve access to adequate neurosurgical care in the rural communities.
Longitudinal assessment of depression, stress, and burnout in medical students
Authors: Goel Akhil D. , Akarte Sulbha V. , Agrawal Sumita P. , Yadav Vikas
Published: August 2016

Background: Medical students can and do suffer from mental disorders is a concept yet to get wide acceptance. There are few studies comprehensively evaluating depression, stress, and burnout in medical students, especially in a longitudinal way in India. The current study aims to assess the impact of medical education on the development of psychological morbidities and the role of personality. Materials and Methods: First-year medical students of a leading medical college of India were enrolled on admission and given anonymized, validated, self-administered questionnaires assessing depression, stress, burnout, and personality. This was repeated at the end of 1st year. Data were analyzed independently as questionnaires were anonymized. Results: We found that 1st year of medical college showed a significantly increasing depression (P < 0.01) and stress (P < 0.01). Overall burnout did not increase significantly. However, only disengagement dimension of burnout increased significantly. Personalities with weak capacity to adjust had a significant positive correlation with depression (r = 0.277, P< 0.001) and stress scores (r = 0.210, P = 0.008). However, burnout did not correlate with any of the personality dimensions. Conclusion: Right from the 1st year of medical education students perceive high-stress levels and have a high risk of depression. Burnout starts to creep in at least in the form of disengagement. This study provides a sound groundwork for planning interventions to reduce student’s mental morbidity and avoid burnout.
Ki-67 immunostaining in astrocytomas: Association with histopathological grade – A South Indian study
Authors: Shivaprasad Nandish Vastrad , Satish Suchitha , Ravishankar Sunila , Vimalambike Manjunath Gubbi
Published: August 2016

Background: Astrocytomas are the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. The distinction between different tumor grades can be tested despite criteria given by the World Health Organization (WHO). Ki-67 is a potent biological marker used in grading of astrocytomas, which estimates growth of the neoplasm quantitatively and will help in predicting prognosis accurately. Objectives: The aim of this was to study the proliferative activity using Ki-67 immunostaining and to assess the relationship of Ki-67 staining with the histopathological grading of astrocytomas. Patients and Methods: Thirty cases of histologically proven astrocytomas were studied. The histopathological grade was assessed using the 2007 WHO criteria. Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 was done on paraffin-embedded wax sections. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Thirty cases of astrocytomas studied showed a male preponderance (M:F = 1.72:1) with a mean age of 48.1 years. Of these, Grade I, (n = 1, 3.33%), Grade II, (n = 7, 23.3%), Grade III (n = 6, 20%), and Grade IV (n = 16, 53.3%) astrocytomas were analyzed. The mean Ki-67 labeling index (LI) in Grades I, II, III, and IV was 0.02, 0.81, 9.14, and 17.81, respectively. Statistically significant difference was seen in the Ki-67 LI of low-grade (Grade II) and high-grade astrocytomas (Grades III and IV). There was concordance between histopathological grading and Ki-67 LI in 27 (90%) and discordance in 3 (10%) cases. Conclusion: Ki-67 LI varies considerably in different grades of astrocytomas and considerable overlaps can be observed between them. It can be of great help in situations where there is a lack of correlation between clinical parameters and histopathological diagnosis. Determination of Ki-67 LI should constitute a part of routine investigations in patients with astrocytomas.
On the Singular Sheaves in the Fine Simpson Moduli Spaces of 1-dimensional Sheaves
Authors: Iena Oleksandr , Leytem Alain
Published: August 2016

In the Simpson moduli space M of semi-stable sheaves with Hilbert polynomial dm − 1 on a projective plane we study the closed subvariety M' of sheaves that are not locally free on their support. We show that for d ≥4 , it is a singular subvariety of codimension 2 in M. The blow up of M along M' is interpreted as a (partial) modification of M \ M' by line bundles (on support).
Lagrangian product tori in symplectic manifolds
Authors: Chekanov Yuri , Schlenk Felix
Published: August 2016

In [7], product Lagrangian tori in standard symplectic space

\mathbb R^{2n}

were classified up to symplectomorphism. We extend this classification to symplectically aspherical symplectic manifolds that embed in a tame symplectic manifold.We show by examples that the asphericity assumption cannot be omitted.
Degree three cohomological invariants of reductive groups
Authors: Laackman Donald , Merkurjev Alexander
Published: August 2016

We study the degree 3 cohomological invariants with coefficients in

\mathbb Q / \mathbb Z(2)

of a split reductive group over an arbitrary field. As an application, we compute the group of reductive indecomposable degree 3 invariants of all split simple algebraic groups.
Assessing the ammonium nitrate formation regime in the Paris megacity and
its representation in the CHIMERE model
Authors: Petetin Hervé , Sciare Jean , Bressi Michael , Gros Valérie , Rosso Amandine , Sanchez Olivier , Sarda-Estève Roland , Petit Jean-Eudes , Beekmann Matthias
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Secondary inorganic compounds represent a major fraction of fine aerosol in the Paris megacity. The thermodynamics behind their formation is now relatively well constrained but, due to sparse direct measurements of their precursors (in particular NH3 and HNO3), uncertainties remain on their concentrations and variability as well as the formation regime of ammonium nitrate (in terms of limited species among NH3 and HNO3) in urban environments such as Paris. This study presents the first urban background measurements of both inorganic aerosol compounds and their gaseous precursors during several months within the city of Paris. Intense agriculture-related NH3 episodes are observed in spring/summer while HNO3 concentrations remain relatively low, even during summer, which leads to a NH3-rich regime in Paris. The local formation of ammonium nitrate within the city appears low, despite high NOx emissions. The data set also allows evaluating the CHIMERE chemistry-transport model (CTM). Interestingly, the rather good results obtained on ammonium nitrates hide significant errors on gaseous precursors (e.g., mean bias of −75 and +195 % for NH3 and HNO3, respectively). This leads to a misrepresentation of the nitrate formation regime through a highly underestimated gas ratio metric (introduced by Ansari and Pandis, 1998) and a much higher sensitivity of nitrate concentrations to ammonia changes. Several uncertainty sources are investigated, pointing out the importance of better assessing both NH3 agricultural emissions and OH concentrations in the future. These results remind us of the caution required when using of CTMs for emission scenario analysis, highlighting the importance of prior diagnostic and dynamic evaluations.
On instrumental errors and related correction strategies of ozonesondes: possible effect on calculated ozone trends for the nearby sites Uccle and De Bilt
Authors: Van Malderen Roeland , Allaart Marc A. F. , De Backer Hugo , Smit Herman G. J. , De Muer Dirk
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The ozonesonde stations at Uccle (Belgium) and De Bilt (the Netherlands) are separated by only 175 km but use different ozonesonde types (or different manufacturers for the same electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) type), operating procedures, and correction strategies. As such, these stations form a unique test bed for the Ozonesonde Data Quality Assessment (O3S-DQA) activity, which aims at providing a revised, homogeneous, consistent dataset with an altitude-dependent estimated uncertainty for each revised profile. For the ECC ozonesondes at Uccle mean relative uncertainties in the 4–6 % range are obtained. To study the impact of the corrections on the ozone profiles and trends, we compared the Uccle and De Bilt average ozone profiles and vertical ozone trends, calculated from the operational corrections at both stations and the O3S-DQA corrected profiles. In the common ECC 1997–2014 period, the O3S-DQA corrections effectively reduce the differences between the Uccle and De Bilt ozone partial pressure values with respect to the operational corrections only for the stratospheric layers below the ozone maximum. The upper-stratospheric ozone measurements at both sites are substantially different, regardless of the correction methodology used. The origin of this difference is not clear. The discrepancies in the tropospheric ozone concentrations between both sites can be ascribed to the problematic background measurement and correction at De Bilt, especially in the period before November 1998. The Uccle operational correction method, applicable to both ozonesonde types used, diminishes the relative stratospheric ozone differences of the Brewer–Mast sondes in the 1993–1996 period with De Bilt to less than 5 % and to less than 6 % in the free troposphere for the De Bilt operational corrections. Despite their large impact on the average ozone profiles, the different (sensible) correction strategies do not change the ozone trends significantly, usually only within their statistical uncertainty due to atmospheric noise. The O3S-DQA corrections bring the Uccle and De Bilt ozone trend estimates for 1997–2014 closer to each other in the lower stratosphere and lower troposphere. Throughout the whole vertical profile, these trend estimates are, however, not significantly different from each other, and only in the troposphere significantly positive. For the entire Uccle observation period (1969–2014), the operational corrections lead to height-independent and consistent ozone trends for both the troposphere and the stratosphere, with rates of +2 to +3 % decade−1 and −1 to −2 % decade−1, respectively.
Changes to the tropical circulation in the mid-Pliocene and their
implications for future climate
Authors: Corvec Shawn , Fletcher Christopher G.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The two components of the tropical overturning circulation, the meridional Hadley circulation (HC) and the zonal Walker circulation (WC), are key to the re-distribution of moisture, heat and mass in the atmosphere. The mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP; ∼3–3.3 MY BP) is considered a useful analogue of near-term future climate change, yet changes to the tropical overturning circulations in the mPWP are poorly understood. Here, climate model simulations from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) are analyzed to show that the tropical overturning circulations in the mPWP were weaker than pre-industrial, just as they are projected to be in future climate change. The weakening HC response is consistent with future projections, and its strength is strongly related to the meridional gradient of sea surface warming between the tropical and subtropical oceans. The weakening of the WC is less robust in PlioMIP than in future projections, largely due to intermodel variations in simulated warming of the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO). When the TIO warms faster (slower) than the tropical mean, local upper tropospheric divergence increases (decreases) and the WC weakens less (more). These results provide strong evidence that changes to the tropical overturning circulation in the mPWP and future climate are primarily controlled by zonal (WC) and meridional (HC) gradients in tropical-subtropical sea surface temperatures.
On the influence of sea-ice physics in multi-decadal ocean-ice hindcasts
Authors: Uotila Petteri , Iovino Dorotea , Vancoppenolle Martin , Lensu Mikko , Rousset Clement
Published: August 2016

Abstract. A set of hindcast simulations with the new NEMO3.6 ocean-ice model in the ORCA1 grid and forced by the DFS5.2 atmospheric data was performed from 1958–2012. We focussed on simulations that differ only in their sea-ice component: the old standard version LIM2 and its successor LIM3. Main differences between these sea-ice models are the parameterisations of sub-grid-scale sea-ice thickness distribution, ice deformation, thermodynamic processes, and sea-ice salinity. Our main objective was to diagnose the ocean-ice sensitivity to the updated NEMO-LIM sea-ice physics. Results of such analysis have not been published for this new NEMO version. In the polar regions, NEMO-LIM3 compares better with observations, while NEMO-LIM2 deviates more, producing too much ice in the Arctic, for example. Differences between NEMO-LIM2 and NEMO-LIM3 do not change in simulations even when the freshwater adjustments are turned off. In the extra-polar regions, the oceanographic conditions of the two NEMO-LIM versions remain relatively similar, although they slowly drift apart over decades. A simplified NEMO-LIM3 configuration, having a virtual, single-category sea-ice thickness distribution, produced sea ice with a skill sufficient for ocean-ice hindcasts that target oceanographic studies. We conclude that NEMO3.6 is ready to be used as a stand-alone ocean-ice model and as a component of coupled atmosphere-ocean models.
Limiting amplitudes of fully nonlinear interfacial tides and solitons
Authors: Aguiar-González Borja , Gerkema Theo
Published: August 2016

Abstract. A new two-fluid layer model consisting of forced rotation-modified Boussinesq equations is derived for studying tidally generated fully nonlinear, weakly nonhydrostatic dispersive interfacial waves. This set is a generalization of the Choi–Camassa equations, extended here with forcing terms and Coriolis effects. The forcing is represented by a horizontally oscillating sill, mimicking a barotropic tidal flow over topography. Solitons are generated by a disintegration of the interfacial tide. Because of strong nonlinearity, solitons may attain a limiting table-shaped form, in accordance with soliton theory. In addition, we use a quasi-linear version of the model (i.e. including barotropic advection but linear in the baroclinic fields) to investigate the role of the initial stages of the internal tide prior to its nonlinear disintegration. Numerical solutions reveal that the internal tide then reaches a limiting amplitude under increasing barotropic forcing. In the fully nonlinear regime, numerical experiments suggest that this limiting amplitude in the underlying internal tide extends to the nonlinear case in that internal solitons formed by a disintegration of the internal tide may not reach their table-shaped form with increased forcing, but appear limited well below that state.
Quantitative experimental monitoring of molecular diffusion in clay with
positron emission tomography
Authors: Kulenkampff Johannes , Zakhnini Abdelhamid , Gründig Marion , Lippmann-Pipke Johanna
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Clay plays a prominent role as barrier material in the geosphere. The small particle sizes cause extremely small pore sizes and induce low permeability and high sorption capacity. Transport of dissolved species by molecular diffusion, driven only by a concentration gradient, is less sensitive to the pore size. Heterogeneous structures on the centimetre scale could cause heterogeneous effects, like preferential transport zones, which are difficult to assess. Laboratory measurements with diffusion cells yield limited information on heterogeneity, and pore space imaging methods have to consider scale effects. We established positron emission tomography (PET), applying a high-resolution PET scanner as a spatially resolved quantitative method for direct laboratory observation of the molecular diffusion process of a PET tracer on the prominent scale of 1–100 mm. Although PET is rather insensitive to bulk effects, quantification required significant improvements of the image reconstruction procedure with respect to Compton scatter and attenuation. The experiments were conducted with 22Na and 124I over periods of 100 and 25 days, respectively. From the images we derived trustable anisotropic diffusion coefficients and, in addition, we identified indications of preferential transport zones. We thus demonstrated the unique potential of the PET imaging modality for geoscientific process monitoring under conditions where other methods fail, taking advantage of the extremely high detection sensitivity that is typical of radiotracer applications.
Fortis/lenis, glides and vowels in Quiaviní Zapotec
Authors: Uchihara Hiroto , Pérez Báez Gabriela
Published: August 2016

Glides in San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec (Otomanguean) are underlyingly moraic and behave as other fortis consonants. Further, this Zapotec variety presents a clear case of [–consonantal] high vowels and [+consonantal] glides, exhibiting different patterns of behavior. This requires us to consider vowels and glides as separate entities in the underlying representation, rather than establishing a distinction between them based on differences in moraicity.
ANÁLISE TÉCNICA DO PROCESSO DE TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES DE EMPRESA DE LATICÍNIOS DA REGIÃO DE PASSO FUNDO/RS
Authors: Favaretto Danúbia Paula Cadore , Brião Vandré Barbosa , Colla Luciane Maria , Hemkemeier Marcelo
Published: August 2016

Do setor industrial, as indústrias de alimentos, entre elas os laticínios, são atividades com potencial poluidor elevado, pois consomem um grande volume de água e geram um efluente com elevada carga orgânica. Com as crescentes exigências no controle da poluição gerada, bem como a cobrança pelo bom uso dos recursos hídricos, as empresas obrigam-se a investir em tratamentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma análise técnica das diferentes etapas do tratamento de efluentes de uma empresa de laticínios da região de Passo Fundo/RS, identificando possíveis dificuldades ou falhas nos diferentes processos utilizados. Os dados levantados foram obtidos através de visitas in loco e pela análise de planilhas de controle da estação de tratamento de efluentes da empresa avaliada. Os parâmetros analisados foram: Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO), Demanda Biológica de Oxigênio (DBO), Sólidos Suspensos, Nitrogênio Total e Fósforo Total. Os resultados obtidos correspondentes aos meses de Março, Abril, Maio, Junho, Julho, Agosto e Outubro do ano de 2010 e em sua grande maioria, atenderam aos padrões para lançamento de efluentes. Os resultados foram confrontados com a Licença de Operação da empresa, que segue os padrões exigidos pelo Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente e Conselho Estadual de Meio Ambiente. Com o estudo pode-se concluir que a combinação dos tratamentos físico-químico e biológico é adequada para o tratamento do efluente gerado pela empresa.
A relação mídia-educação e o desafio atual de educar para os meios
Authors: Raabe André Luis Alice , Ribeiro Mirian Regina Pereira
Published: August 2016

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre os desafios e perspectivas de educar para os meios na atualidade. Trata-se mais especificamente de abrir um debate sobre a convivência dos adolescentes com as mídias digitais e sobre quem tem responsabilidades sobre a educação e orientação desta convivência. Tendo em vista a exposição exacerbada dos adolescentes à mídia, principalmente à internet, e por estarem vivendo um momento de vulnerabilidade relacionado a sua pouca idade foi necessário analisar de onde vem a orientação para a convivência com as mídias digitais, levando em consideração que essa orientação poderá partir de vários ângulos da sociedade. É esperado que este estudo contribua na discussão sobre as responsabilidades da escola e da sociedade como um espaço público da educação para as mídias digitais.
Múltiplos olhares para a comunicação, a sociedade e a cultura/Multiple looks for communication, society and culture
Authors: De Camargo Hertz Wendel
Published: August 2016

É com satisfação que chegamos à 11ª edição da revista Ação Midiática, mais um passo de uma trajetória de êxitos e conquistas, iniciada desde sua primeira publicação em 2011. Uma das novidades que apresentamos é a presença da nossa revista em três indexadores, sendo dois internacionais: o primeiro deles é o Latindex; e o segundo, o Diretório Luso-brasileiro de Repositórios e Revistas de Acesso Aberto do Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT) e, também, o Diadorim, Diretório de Políticas Editoriais das Revistas Científicas Brasileiras. Nesse momento, estamos trabalhando para figurar a nossa revista indexadores.
A curadoria em jornalismo nas coberturas de breaking news em tempo real na internet
Authors: Osório Moreno Cruz
Published: August 2016

Este artigo propõe uma discussão sobre a curadoria de conteúdo como forma de verificação jornalística e como parte do processo de construção da notícia durante coberturas de caráter urgente que têm a internet como suporte de publicação, a partir das possibilidades proporcionadas pelas tecnologias ao profissional longe do local do fato, utilizando informações que circulam na rede para gerar conhecimento.
O vanguardismo cinematográfico transposto nas séries de televisão: um breve estudo de caso do canal HBO e da série True Detective
Authors: Friedrich Fernanda Farias
Published: August 2016

O presente artigo visa enfatizar o processo de vanguardismo artístico em ficções seriadas da televisão. Destacando aspectos da vanguarda cinematográfica, o artigo debate o processo do cinema aplicado para a produção de séries de televisão. Para ilustrar o vanguardismo das ficções seriadas, o artigo ressalta o canal HBO – conhecido por ousar nas séries que produz – e a série True Detective - uma ficção que propõe uma busca por uma linguagem inovadora.
O corpo na esfera da mídia: entre representações sociais e biopoder
Authors: Bertolini Jeferson
Published: August 2016

Este artigo discute o corpo, tema atualmente em voga nos meios de comunicação, em duas perspectivas: das representações sociais e do biopoder. O texto aponta que os programas que ensinam como comer, como se exercitar, como perder peso e afins criam uma representação social do corpo como algo que deve ser constantemente cuidado e melhorado. Essa representação tem uma face ingênua, pois assimila passivamente técnicas do biopoder, que objetiva produzir corpos economicamente ativos e politicamente dóceis. O artigo adota técnica interdisciplinar para associar temas da Comunicação Social, da Psicologia Social e da Filosofia.
Review of: A Companion to Roman Art, ed. B. Borg, 2016
Authors: Kiilerich Bente
Published: August 2016

Review of Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Roman Art
A 73-year-old man with congestion and mild proptosis of the left eye
Authors: Earatt Amanda Mohanan , Kamaladevi Lathika Vasu , Skariah Charles K.
Published: August 2016

A 73-year-old man presented to the Department of Ophthalmology, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Kerala, with mild congestion of left eye. He believed that his symptoms began after accidental exposure of his eyes to medicated oil used during a massage session, as part of traditional medical treatment he was taking. He was diagnosed with toxic conjunctivitis and treated with loteprednol eyedrops. At his follow-up visit on the third day, he complained that his left eye had not improved and that it was starting to “bulge out.” The patient denied vision loss, double vision, headache, or other systemic symptoms. He had undergone bilateral orchidectomy and radiotherapy for prostate carcinoma 3 years earlier and was now on hormone therapy with bicalutamide. He had undergone thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism 15 years previously and was now on levothyroxine. Ocular history was remarkable for uneventful cataract extraction in both eyes with IOL placement 20 years previously.
Os atuais desafios da Atenção Domiciliar na Atenção Primária à Saúde: uma análise na perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Savassi Leonardo Cançado Monteiro
Published: August 2016

A Política Nacional de Atenção Domiciliar (PNAD) definiu três níveis de atenção domiciliar (AD), reconhecendo o primeiro nível (AD1) como responsabilidade das equipes de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Ao longo da história, a legislação passou por alterações importantes e essa política representa a valorização dos serviços de APS como âmbito privilegiado do cuidado, sendo responsável pela maior parte dos cuidados em AD no Brasil. O cuidado no domicílio deve ser feito sob critérios de elegibilidade específicos, e um planejamento adequado. A visita domiciliar (VD) é um momento ímpar para o conhecimento do contexto da pessoa sob AD e deve se pautar pela observação ativa, pela abordagem da família e reconhecimento dos determinantes sociais presentes. Assim, é necessário que o profissional de saúde visitador tenha um rol de competências profissionais bem definidas, que em geral não são contempladas na graduação dos cursos de saúde, e de maneira insuficiente pelos cursos de pós-graduação. A PNAD representou um avanço ao reconhecer a APS como responsável pela AD1 numa lógica de cuidados contínuos crescentes, mas as lacunas no entendimento entre equipes de AD e APS, de formação profissional, e de sobrecarga de tarefas persistem. Este estudo apresenta uma análise crítica da implantação da PNAD até o momento, baseada na legislação vigente confrontada a prática das equipes de APS trabalhando no Sistema Único de Saúde.
Uso do geoprocessamento na identificação de conflito de uso da terra em áreas de preservação permanente na bacia hidrográfica do rio Alegre, Espírito Santo.
Authors: Nascimento Melchior Carlos do , Soares Vicente Paulo , Ribeiro Carlos Antônio Álvares Soares , Silva Elias
Published: August 2016

Este estudo teve como objetivos elaborar um mapa de uso da terra com base nas imagens do satélite IKONOS II, delimitar de maneira automática as áreas de preservação permanente e identificar a ocorrência de conflito de uso, tendo como referência legal o Código florestal e a Resolução n. 303, do CONAMA. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na bacia hidrográfica do rio Alegre, situada no sul do estado do Espírito Santo. Utilizando os recursos disponíveis no geoprocessamento, foi possível mapear 12 classes de uso da terra e delimitar as áreas de preservação permanente situadas no terço superior dos morros (49,7 ha); encostas com declividade superior a 45 graus (27,5 ha); nascentes e suas respectivas áreas de contribuição (1.975,6 ha); margens dos cursos d´água com largura inferior a 10 metros (2.818,3 ha); e no terço superior das sub-bacias (4.695,8 ha), perfazendo um total de 9.566,9 ha (45,95%) da área total da bacia. A área de uso indevido correspondeu a 7.499,7 ha (43,80%), sendo as classes cafezal (979,6 ha) e pastagem (6.179,8 ha) as principais ocorrências nessas áreas. Apenas 1.780,7 ha (18,61%) das áreas de preservação permanente estão protegidas por vegetação nativa.
Efeito do volume do tubete no crescimento inicial de plântulas de Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud e Jacaranda micranta Cham.
Authors: Malavasi Ubirajara Contro , Malavasi Marlene de Matos
Published: August 2016

O ensaio comparou os efeitos de tubetes de quatro volumes no crescimento de mudas de Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud e Jacaranda micranta Cham. até 180 dias após o plantio (DAP). Foram utilizados tubetes plásticos de seção circular e volume de 55, 120, 180 e 300 cm3 preenchidos com substrato comercial. Os resultados indicaram que, durante a fase de viveiro na qual não fora anotada nenhuma mortalidade, os tubetes menores causaram diminuição da massa seca do sistema radicular e do número de radicelas. O crescimento a campo em altura e diâmetro das mudas das duas espécies utilizadas no ensaio resultou em similaridade estatística entre as originadas de tubetes com volumes de 120, 180 e 300 cm3 ao final de 180 dias após plantio.
Crescimento em campo de espécies florestais em diferentes condições de adubações.
Authors: Souza Carlos Alberto Martinelli de , Oliveira Rone Batista de , Martins Filho Sebastião , Lima Julião Soares de Souza
Published: August 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar em condições de campo o comportamento de quatro espécies florestais submetidas a diferentes adubações orgânicas e minerais com adição de um condicionador de solo (Hidroplan). O delineamento estatístico adotado foi em blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas com trinta tratamentos que consistiram nas combinações dos fatores (6 adubos x 5 épocas) com cinco repetições, sendo usada uma planta por parcela. Foram avaliadas as características altura (h) e diâmetro das plantas (d). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de média (Newman-Keuls 5%). As mudas foram produzidas em viveiro em tubetes de polietileno e plantadas em campo aos 90 dias após a rustificação. As adubações testadas no experimento foram: esterco bovino; esterco de galinha; adubação mineral NPK (testemunha); esterco de boi + Hidroplan; esterco de galinha + Hidroplan e adubação mineral NPK + Hidroplan. Os adubos orgânicos estudados contribuíram para melhor desempenho em todas as espécies, com exceção do Eucalyptus urophylla, que teve melhor desempenho no NPK e NPK + Hidroplan.
Uso do fogo em propriedades rurais do cerrado em Cavalcante, GO.
Authors: Lara Daniel Xavier , Fiedler Nilton César , Medeiros Marcelo Brilhante de
Published: August 2016

O emprego do fogo é uma prática comum em regiões de menor tecnificação no meio rural. Essa prática requer uma série de cuidados para não causar desastres ambientais, como incêndios florestais. O fogo pode, acidentalmente, atingir cultivos, pastagens e benfeitorias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os padrões de manejo e os impactos econômicos da utilização do fogo em propriedades rurais, na região da Chapada dos Veadeiros, no município de Cavalcante, estado de Goiás. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de entrevistas, medições diretas em áreas atingidas, benfeitorias perdidas e avaliação dos custos. Foram entrevistados cinqüenta produtores rurais dos quais, parte utilizava o fogo como ferramenta de manejo agropecuário, e parte que, apesar de não fazerem uso do fogo, sofriam as conseqüências da utilização deste pelos vizinhos e pela falta de técnicas adequadas de prevenção a acidentes. A primeira etapa da coleta de dados foi realizada no ano de 2003. Foram levantadas informações quanto à área perdida com incêndios, prejuízos econômicos e investimentos em prevenção aos incêndios. No segundo levantamento, com foco na estação seca de 2004, feito com os mesmos 50 proprietários, comprovaram-se as informações já levantadas em 2003 e, assim, se pode promover um estudo comparativo entre as características de um período e outro. Concluiu-se que o uso do fogo trouxe elevados prejuízos econômicos tanto para aqueles agricultores que utilizavam o fogo como técnica agrícola quanto para aqueles que não o utilizavam. O desconhecimento das técnicas de substituição do uso do fogo era responsável pelo freqüente uso das queimadas controladas pelos produtores rurais. A falta de investimento em técnicas de prevenção tem levado toda a região a sofrer perdas enormes com os incêndios florestais constantes.
Diversidade e classificação da comunidade arbórea da Floresta Ombrófila Mista da Flona de São Francisco de Paula, RS.
Authors: Ribeiro Sylviane Beck , Longhi Solon Jonas , Brena Doádi Antônio , Nascimento André R. Terra
Published: August 2016

Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a diversidade e classificar a comunidade arbórea da Floresta Ombrófila Mista da FLONA de São Francisco de Paula, RS, utilizando dados florísticos e análise hierárquica por meio do programa TWINSPAN (Two-way Indicator Species Analysis). Foram utilizadas dez parcelas de 1 hectare, distribuídas aleatoriamente pela área da FLONA. Em cada conglomerado de 1 hectare, foram levantados todos os indivíduos com DAP ≥ 30 cm. A diversidade de espécies encontrada está dentro dos limites descritos para a Floresta Ombrófila Mista no Sul do Brasil, com estimativas variando de 75 a 110 espécies arbóreas. O método TWINSPAN determinou três grandes grupos florísticos: Grupo 1 - Associação Araucaria que apresentou como espécie indicadora a Araucaria angustifolia (Betol.) Kuntze; Grupo 2 - Associação Sebastiania que apresentou como espécies indicadoras Sebastiania commersoniania (Baill.) L. B. Sm. et Downs, Sebastiania brasiliensis Spreng. e Cryptocarya aschersoniana Mez e o Grupo 3 - Associação Podocarpus que apresentou como espécie indicadora Podocarpus lambertii Klotzsch ex Endl.
Uma abordagem multivariada em experimento silvipastoril com Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit no agreste de Pernambuco.
Authors: Vieira Franklin Tupinambá Paes de Andrade , Silva José Antonio Aleixo da , Ferreira Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo , Cruz Maria Adélia Oliveira Monteiro da , Ferraz Ivan
Published: August 2016

O principal objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o uso da leucena [Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit] como pastagem direta no campo, utilizando-se, para tanto, de um experimento silvipastoril multivariado, com medidas repetidas, realizado na região Agreste do Estado de Pernambuco. Estudou-se a leucena submetida a diferentes espaçamentos e alturas de corte com a finalidade de produção de biomassa. O experimento foi realizado na estação experimental da Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária (IPA), no município de Caruaru. Testaram-se os espaçamentos 0,5m x 1,0m ; 1,0m x 1,0m e 1,5m x 1,0m; e as alturas de corte 20cm, 40cm e 60cm. As medições foram realizadas na mesma época do ano (mês de agosto) durante o período de cinco anos. Os resultados apresentados mostraram que as medidas ao longo do tempo são correlacionadas e que houve diferenças significativas entre os espaçamentos durante todo o período do experimento. Não ocorreram diferenças significativas entre as alturas de corte e suas interações com os espaçamentos em todos os tempos. Por se usar um maior número de plantas por unidade de área e uma conseqüente maior produtividade de biomassa por hectare, recomenda-se o uso do espaçamento 0,5m x 1,0m, em sistemas silvipastoris com leucena, no Agreste de Pernambuco.
Use of Ion Exchange Beads as a Bacterial Carrier for Biodenitrification
Authors: Foglar Lucija , Šiljeg Mario , Babić Ana‐Marija
Published: August 2016

In this research, an exhausted ion exchange resin was used as a carrier of bacterial cells, and the resulting bio‐ion exchange resin beads were applied in batch and continuous‐flow experiments for monitoring nitrate removal. The continuous‐flow experiments investigated the effects of hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 7–24 h on the course of denitrification; nitrate removal was achieved at HRTs longer than 9 h, with nitrate and organic removal efficiencies higher than 99 and 80%, respectively. Nitrate removal was then monitored continuously for 31 days. To investigate the influence of phosphate salts on denitrification performance, raw Cetina River water was used. The research also examined the effect of methanol addition on denitrification by decreasing the methanol‐to‐nitrogen mass ratio to 2.5:1. The obtained nitrate and organic removal efficiencies of 100 and 93%, respectively, suggest that the application of the resin beads was effective for continuous nitrate removal from surface water.
A hyperspectral method to assay the microphysiological fates of nanomaterials in histological samples
Authors: SoRelle Elliott D , Liba Orly , Campbell Jos L , Dalal Roopa , Zavaleta Cristina L , de la Zerda Adam
Published: August 2016

Nanoparticles are used extensively as biomedical imaging probes and potential therapeutic agents. As new particles are developed and tested in vivo, it is critical to characterize their biodistribution profiles. We demonstrate a new method that uses adaptive algorithms for the analysis of hyperspectral dark-field images to study the interactions between tissues and administered nanoparticles. This non-destructive technique quantitatively identifies particles in ex vivo tissue sections and enables detailed observations of accumulation patterns arising from organ-specific clearance mechanisms, particle size, and the molecular specificity of nanoparticle surface coatings. Unlike nanoparticle uptake studies with electron microscopy, this method is tractable for imaging large fields of view. Adaptive hyperspectral image analysis achieves excellent detection sensitivity and specificity and is capable of identifying single nanoparticles. Using this method, we collected the first data on the sub-organ distribution of several types of gold nanoparticles in mice and observed localization patterns in tumors.
Modeling and analysis of vibration effects on signal quality for angular multiplexed holographic data storage
Authors: Ishii Toshiki , Shimada Ken-ichi , Hoshizawa Taku , Takashima Yuzuru
Published: August 2016

A practical optical system design that takes into account environmental factors is highly desirable. However, it is in general a time-consuming process, which requires a massive iterations of simulations. This is also one of the bottlenecks of the optical design of angular multiplexed holographic data storage systems. To develop a practical method to evaluate the effect of vibrations, a three-dimensional vibration model is developed. The model describes the vibration effect on normalized intensity on the basis of a single statistical figure of merit. Such a single figure of merits is adopted for designing a robust and efficient write strategy, which is applicable to a wide range of vibration waveforms to increase write data transfer rate. Also, optimum optical system parameters are identified. We propose a numerical aperture of 0.572 and a pixel pitch of 6.9 µm which can improve capacity and data transfer rate without sacrificing the vibration margin.
Detection of aYersinia pestisgene homologue in rodent samples
Authors: Giles Timothy A. , Greenwood Alex D. , Tsangaras Kyriakos , Giles Tom C. , Barrow Paul A. , Hannant Duncan , Abu-Median Abu-Bakr , Yon Lisa
Published: August 2016

A homologue to a widely used genetic marker,pla,forYersinia pestishas been identified in tissue samples of two species of rat (Rattus rattusandRattus norvegicus) and of mice (Mus musculusandApodemus sylvaticus) using a microarray based platform to screen for zoonotic pathogens of interest. Samples were from urban locations in the UK (Liverpool) and Canada (Vancouver). The results indicate the presence of an unknown bacterium that shares a homologue for theplagene ofYersinia pestis,so caution should be taken when using this gene as a diagnostic marker.
Effects of origin, seasons and storage under different temperatures on germination ofSenecio vulgaris(Asteraceae) seeds
Authors: Ndihokubwayo Noel , Nguyen Viet-Thang , Cheng Dandan
Published: August 2016

Invasive plants colonize new environments, become pests and cause biodiversity loss, economic loss and health damage.Senecio vulgarisL. (Common groundsel, Asteraceae), a widely distributing cosmopolitan weed in the temperate area, is reported with large populations in the north–eastern and south–western part, but not in southern, central, or north-western parts of China. We studied the germination behavior ofS. vulgaristo explain the distribution and the biological invasion of this species in China. We used seeds originating from six native and six invasive populations to conduct germination experiments in a climate chamber and under outdoor condition. When incubated in a climate chamber (15 °C), seeds from the majority of the populations showed >90% germination percentage (GP) and the GP was equal for seeds with a native and invasive origin. The mean germination time (MGT) was significantly different among the populations. Under outdoor conditions, significant effects of origin, storage conditions (stored at 4 °C or ambient room temperature, ca. 27 °C) and seasons (in summer or autumn) were observed on the GP while the MGT was only affected by the season. In autumn, the GP (38.6%) was higher and the MGT was slightly longer than that in summer. In autumn, seeds stored at 4 °C showed higher GP than those stored at ambient room temperature (ca.27 °C), and seeds from invasive populations revealed higher GP than those from native populations. The results implied that the high temperature in summer has a negative impact on the germination and might cause viability loss or secondary dormancy toS. vulgarisseeds. Our study offers a clue to exploring what factor limits the distribution ofS. vulgarisin China by explaining why, in the cities in South-East China and central China such as Wuhan,S. vulgariscannot establish natural and viable populations.
Dynamic triggering of deep earthquakes within a fossil slab
Authors: Cai Chen , Wiens Douglas A.
Published: August 2016

The 9 November 2009 Mw 7.3 Fiji deep earthquake is the largest event in a region west of the Tonga slab defined by scattered seismicity and velocity anomalies. The main shock rupture was compact, but the aftershocks were distributed along a linear feature at distances of up to 126 km. The aftershocks and some background seismicity define a sharp northern boundary to the zone of outboard earthquakes, extending westward toward the Vitiaz deep earthquake cluster. The northern earthquake lineament is geometrically similar to tectonic reconstructions of the relict Vitiaz subduction zone at 8–10 Ma, suggesting the earthquakes are occurring in the final portion of the slab subducted at the now inactive Vitiaz trench. A Coulomb stress change calculation suggests many of the aftershocks were dynamically triggered. We propose that fossil slabs contain material that is too warm for earthquake nucleation but may be near the critical stress susceptible to dynamic triggering.
Giant natural fluctuation models and anthropogenic warming
Authors: Lovejoy S. , del Rio Amador L. , Hébert R. , de Lima I.
Published: August 2016

Explanations for the industrial epoch warming are polarized around the hypotheses of anthropogenic warming (AW) and giant natural fluctuations (GNFs). While climate sceptics have systematically attacked AW, up until now they have only invoked GNFs. This has now changed with the publication by D. Keenan of a sample of 1000 series from stochastic processes purporting to emulate the global annual temperature since 1880. While Keenan's objective was to criticize the International Panel on Climate Change's trend uncertainty analysis (their assumption that residuals are only weakly correlated), for the first time it is possible to compare a stochastic GNF model with real data. Using Haar fluctuations, probability distributions, and other techniques of time series analysis, we show that his model has unrealistically strong low‐frequency variability so that even mild extrapolations imply ice ages every ≈1000 years. Helped by statistics, the GNF model can easily be scientifically rejected.
Greater contrast in Martian hydrological history from more accurate estimates of paleodischarge
Authors: Jacobsen R. E. , Burr D. M.
Published: August 2016

Correlative width‐discharge relationships from the Missouri River Basin are commonly used to estimate fluvial paleodischarge on Mars. However, hydraulic geometry provides alternative, and causal, width‐discharge relationships derived from broader samples of channels, including those in reduced‐gravity (submarine) environments. Comparison of these relationships implies that causal relationships from hydraulic geometry should yield more accurate and more precise discharge estimates. Our remote analysis of a Martian‐terrestrial analog channel, combined with in situ discharge data, substantiates this implication. Applied to Martian features, these results imply that paleodischarges of interior channels of Noachian‐Hesperian (~3.7 Ga) valley networks have been underestimated by a factor of several, whereas paleodischarges for smaller fluvial deposits of the Late Hesperian‐Early Amazonian (~3.0 Ga) have been overestimated. Thus, these new paleodischarges significantly magnify the contrast between early and late Martian hydrologic activity. Width‐discharge relationships from hydraulic geometry represent validated tools for quantifying fluvial input near candidate landing sites of upcoming missions.