bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seeing an apocalyptic post-antibiotic future lowers antibiotics expectations and requests
Authors: Sirota Miroslav , Juanchich Marie
Published: July 2024

Background

Antibiotic resistance is an ongoing pandemic which represents a global public health threat. To encourage the judicious use of antibiotics, public health discourse and campaigns often engage in threat-based messaging depicting an apocalyptic post-antibiotic future. We studied the effectiveness of the strategy because of mixed evidence for its success, and because it is unclear how experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic might have influenced it.

Methods

We conducted a randomised controlled trial with 378 participants in three waves (before and during the pandemic in 2021 and 2022). Participants were randomly allocated to either the baseline arm, featuring a control film, or the intervention arm featuring a short film, Catch, depicting a post-antibiotic future. Participants expressed expectations and intended requests for antibiotics for a hypothetical ear infection and their adherence to a prescribed antibiotic for a hypothetical kidney infection. In waves 2 and 3, they also reported any COVID-19-related changes to their antibiotic desires.

Results

Showing participants a film about a post-antibiotic future substantially lowers clinically inappropriate expectations for antibiotics and their intended requests. Participants report that the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic decreased their desire for antibiotics but only when they watched the intervention film. The intervention slightly decreases participants’ adherence intentions towards a prescribed antibiotic treatment.

Conclusions

Presenting a film about an apocalyptic post-antibiotic future lowers expectations and intended requests for antibiotics and therefore has the potential to encourage judicious use of them. However, the adverse effects of such messaging on adherence to a course of antibiotics should be proactively managed.
Connected three-dimensional polyhedral frames for programmable liquid processing
Authors: Zhang Yiyuan , Huang Zhandong , Qin Feifei , Wang Hongzhou , Cui Kai , Guo Kun , Cai Zheren , Cai Xiaobing , Xiao Junfeng , Carmeliet Jan , Wei Jinjia , Song Yanlin , Yang Jun , Wang Liqiu
Published: July 2024

Human civilization relies heavily on the ability to precisely process liquids. Switching between liquid capture and release plays a fundamental role in the handling of various liquids, with applications that demand reversible, spatially and temporally precise, volumetrically accurate and programmable control over the liquid, independent of the details of the employed solid tools and processed liquids. However, current fluidic techniques do not fully meet these requirements. Here we present connected polyhedral frames to effectively address this challenge by tailoring liquid continuity between frames to dictate the liquid capture or release of individual frames, with an overall network that is readily switchable locally, dynamically and reversibly. Each frame captures or releases liquids, independent of its base materials, structures and processed liquids. The connected polyhedral frames are a versatile tool that enables many important functions including three-dimensional (3D) programmable patterning of liquids, 3D spatiotemporal control of concentrations of multiple materials, packaging of 3D liquid arrays and large-scale manipulation of multiple liquids, thus considerably advancing many fields, including interface science and soft materials.
Nucleating and reinforcing effects of nanobiochar on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxhexanoate) bionanocomposites
Authors: Yee Foong Ng Lawrence , Ariffin Hidayah , Tengku Yasim-Anuar Tengku Arisyah , Sakata Megumi , Kawarada Tomoya , Yoshimura Osamu , Tsukegi Takayuki , Afizan Nik Abd Rahman Nik Mohd , Hassan Mohd Ali
Published: July 2024

Nanobiochar as a reinforcement material and nucleating agent to improve the mechanical and crystallization properties of PHBHHx.
Understanding electrocatalytic mechanisms and ultra-trace uranyl detection with Pd nanoparticles electrodeposited in deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Layek Arkaprava , Patil Sushil , Gupta Ruma , Yadav Priya , Jayachandran Kavitha , Maity D. K. , Choudhury Niharendu
Published: July 2024

PdNPs electrodeposited in DESs on Au electrodes provide detailed electrocatalytic mechanisms for uranyl detection, achieving an LOD of 3.4 nM, validated by DFT studies and electrochemical measurements.
Metal-catalyzed valence isomerization of a methylene(thioxo)phosphorane to a thiaphosphirane
Authors: Ishida Shintaro , Yoshida Yusuke , Iwamoto Takeaki
Published: July 2024

A methylene(thioxo)phosphorane undergoes valence isomerization catalyzed by copper(i) chloride to furnish the corresponding thiaphosphirane. A mechanism involving a Cu-assisted cyclization reactions was supported theoretically.
Red luminescent water stable lead-free 2D tin halide perovskite nanocrystals for photodetectors
Authors: Lal Bharat , Kumar Praveen , Kumar Sumit , Saini Ankush , Bag Monojit , Kar Prasenjit
Published: July 2024

Red luminescent layered tin halide perovskite nanomaterials exhibit high stability under water and shows fast response in photodetector device.
Tetraphenylpentalenide organolanthanide complexes
Authors: Katzer Nicholas J. , Kaur Mandeep , Sen Asmita , Nimaiyar Rupal , Autschbach Jochen , Arnold Polly L. , Hintermair Ulrich
Published: July 2024

Lanthanide sandwiches of the D2h 1,3,4,6-tetraphenylpentalenide are reported. The Ph4Pn dianion shows promise for new electron-rich f-block organometallics using the metal's dz2 orbital, in contrast to the more widely used cyclooctatetraenyl dianion.
Synthesis and resolution of multi-chiral carbonyl-N embedded hetero[7]helicenes for efficient circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Wang Yuxiang , Liao Qi , Feng Yabin , Wang Yiran , Li Yunzhi , Meng Qi
Published: July 2024

Circularly polarized luminescent carbonyl-N embedded hetero[7]helicene diastereomers incorporating axially chiral binaphthyl can be facilely synthesized and separated.
The tetracyanoborate anion as a building block for the heterocubane cluster cage [Cr4{B(CN)4}4]4−
Authors: Luff Martin S. , Bertermann Rüdiger , Finze Maik , Radius Udo
Published: July 2024

The tetracyanoborate anion [B(CN)4]− was used as a building block for the synthesis of polynuclear chromium carbonyls, such as the tetraanionic heterocubane cage [{Cr(CO)3(B(CN)4)}4]4−.
Stable cyclic ether as an electrolyte additive for high-performance lithium metal batteries
Authors: Yang Tao , Yang Hanxu , Zou Jiahang , Li Liang , Wu Shilin , Zhao Meinan , Jiang Zhipeng , Li Yongtao
Published: July 2024

4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolane, as a stable cyclic ether, can be used as an effective electrolyte additive to improve the stability of the solid electrolyte interphase for high-performance lithium metal batteries.
Role of tetrel bonds in the supramolecular architecture of tetranuclear Pb(ii)[LL′thiophene carboxylate] complexes – an experimental and computational study
Authors: Darious Robert Swinton , Evangeline H. Gifta , Perdih Franc , Vedha Swaminathan Angeline
Published: July 2024

Experimental and theoretical study of tetrel bonds in the 3D crystal arrangement.
Nuclear quantum and H/D isotope effects on aromaticity: path integral molecular dynamics study
Authors: Tanaka Hikaru , Kuwahata Kazuaki , Tachikawa Masanori , Udagawa Taro
Published: July 2024

A path integral molecular dynamics simulation was employed to investigate the aromaticity of benzene. The results indicated that nuclear quantum fluctuations influence bond distances, reducing aromaticity due to changes in specific vibrational modes.
Cyclohepta[def]fluorene as a bistable molecule: first principles studies on its electronic structure and the effects of benzo-extension, substitution and solvation
Authors: Toews Robert , Köhn Andreas
Published: July 2024

Cyclohepta[def]fluorene is a bistable molecule with a polar closed-shell singlet and a nonpolar triplet state. Using state-of-the-art quantum-chemical methods, we show how the relative stabilty of the states can be tuned by chemical modifications.
The role of stereochemistry in the anticancer activity of Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes
Authors: Solea Atena B. , Demirci Gozde , Harvey Freya M. , Crochet Aurelien , Zobi Fabio , Mamula Steiner Olimpia
Published: July 2024

A series of enantiopure Re(i) dinuclear complexes were synthesised and their anticancer activity was investigated, revealing distinct activities among stereoisomers.
Reduction of hexaazatrinaphthylenes by divalent lanthanocenes leads to ligand-based multiconfigurational properties
Authors: Temple Siobhan R. , Tang Jinkui , Tizzard Graham J. , Mansikkamäki Akseli , Layfield Richard A.
Published: July 2024

Divalent samarium and ytterbium metallocenes reduce hexazatrinaphthylene to an S = 1/2 radical trianion with multiconfigurational character.
Solvent-controlled solid-state phase transitions of a heterospin Cu(ii) complex with imidazolyl-substituted nitronyl nitroxide
Authors: Smirnova Kristina A. , Golomolzina Irina V. , Romanenko Galina V. , Fokin Sergey V. , Tolstikov Svyatoslav E. , Letyagin Gleb A. , Chernavin Platon A. , Bogomyakov Artem S.
Published: July 2024

The solvent type directly impacts the spontaneous solid-state transformation and spin transition of a Cu(ii) solvate complex with imidazolyl-substituted nitronyl nitroxide.
Indigo production identifies hotspots in cytochrome P450 BM3 for diversifying aromatic hydroxylation
Authors: Fansher Douglas J. , Besna Jonathan N. , Pelletier Joelle N.
Published: July 2024

Indigo (+) and indigo (−) single variants and a combinatorial library, with mutations that enable the blue phenotype, were screened for their ability to hydroxylate a panel of 12 aromatic compounds using the 4-aminoantipyrine colorimetric assay.
In vivoabsorption and excretion in rats andin vitrodigestion and fermentation by the human intestinal microbiota of 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid from the fruits ofLycium barbarumL
Authors: Dong Wei , Peng Yujia , Xu Weiqi , Zhou Wangting , Yan Yamei , Mi Jia , Lu Lu , Cao Youlong , Zeng Xiaoxiong
Published: July 2024

Assessment of 2-O-βββ-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid from Lycium barbarum L.:In vivoabsorption, excretion, andin vitrodigestion and fermentation.
High entropy materials: potential catalysts for electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Wang Zhong , Tan Xinjia , Ye Ziyu , Chen Shiyu , Li Guojian , Wang Qiang , Yuan Shuang
Published: July 2024

A comprehensive overview of the use of HEM as a catalyst for HER, OER, and water splitting was provided.
Label free, machine learning informed plasma-based elemental biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Safi Ali , Melikechi Noureddine , Eseller Kemal Efe , Gaschnig Richard M. , Xia Weiming
Published: July 2024

Machine learning analysis of ICP-MS data identifies elemental ratios that differentiates with great accuracy blood plasma of Alzheimer’s patients and healthy donors.
Polymer vessels in mechanochemical syntheses: assessing material performance
Authors: Rappen Marisol Fabienne , Beissel Lars , Geisler Jonathan , Tietmeyer Simeon Theodor , Grätz Sven , Borchardt Lars
Published: July 2024

This work assesses the performance of 16 polymers in mechanochemical reactions, examining six key parameters: cost-effectiveness, environmental impact, mechanical-, thermal- and chemical resistance, and transparency to laser-, and X-ray radiation.
The recoverable isatin resin as a ligand for copper-type Ullmann C–N coupling reaction
Authors: Zhao Changxu , Shi Xu , Zhang Zhen , Wang Jifan , Chen Guoliang
Published: July 2024

The immobilization of isatin onto chloromethylated polystyrene resin as an efficient and recyclable ligand for promoting copper-catalyzed C–N coupling reactions.
Coal fly ash derived zeolite: a solid-state base for convenient synthesis of diphenyl ethers
Authors: Mahajan Aashima , Chhibber Manmohan , Brar Loveleen K.
Published: July 2024

Coal fly ash-derived sodalite synthesized by a fusion-assisted ultrasonication method used as a solid-state base for the synthesis of diphenyl ethers. Fourteen diphenyl ethers with different substituents were synthesized in 35–91% yields.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of peptidomimetic trans-delta-aminopent-3-enoic acid and its derivatives
Authors: Saranraj Krishnan , Raja Karuppiah Muruga Poopathi
Published: July 2024

A sustainable microwave-assisted synthesis method produces trans-δ-Apa and its derivatives with high purity and scalability, showcasing conformational constraint building blocks in peptidomimetics.
Electrochemical formylation of aryl halides by using DMF as a formyl source
Authors: Qiang Congcong , Wu Mengyun , Han Jingru , Zhang Tan , Liu Ping , Sun Peipei
Published: July 2024

An electrochemical protocol for the formylation of aryl halides by using DMF as a formyl source was developed to produce aromatic aldehydes in moderate to good yields.
Molecular-level periodic arrays of long-chain poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) driven by an electric field
Authors: Ma Mingze , Qian Jingyi , Jiang Ke , Wang Liyan , Song Yu , Zhang Wenke
Published: July 2024

Poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) assemble into monolayers featuring a face-on orientation, extended chain conformation and isolated packing, which is thermodynamically more stable than folded chains in 2D polycrystals.
Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia by atomically precise Cu6 nanoclusters supported on graphene oxide
Authors: Shehzad Aamir , Cui Chaonan , Cheng Ran , Luo Zhixun
Published: July 2024

A Cu6(SMPP)6 nanocluster is synthesized and supported on graphene oxide for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia, showing decent NH3 yield rate and faradaic efficiency.
Au(i)/Sc(iii)-co-catalyzed tandem spiroannulation/cycloisomerization of 3-(2-ethynylaryl)-N-tosylaziridines with indoles to access 5H-benzo[b]carbazoles
Authors: Wang Wei , Zheng Lan , Liang Wen-Jie , Fu Xin-Yi , Zhang Yu-Qing , Meng Ru-Fang , Zhang Huan , Lin Chenxiang , Su Wei , Xiao Jun-An
Published: July 2024

An unusual Au(i)/Sc(iii)-co-catalyzed tandem spiroannulation/cycloisomerization of 3-(2-ethynylaryl)-N-tosylaziridine-2,2-diesters with indoles has been reported. A variety of 5H-benzo[b]carbazoles were obtained in moderate to good yields (30–88%).
Interfacial modification engineering for efficient and stable MA-free wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells by grain regrowth
Authors: Huang Hao , Li Ziyu , Chen Zhijia , Li Denggao , Shi Hongxi , Zhu Keqi , Wang Chenyu , Lu Zhangbo , Huang Shihua , Chi Dan
Published: July 2024

Introducing GuSCN reduces the defect density of perovskites by one order of magnitude. Consequently, an MA-free opaque wide-bandgap perovskite solar cell achieves 20.92% power conversion efficiency with excellent stability.
Master equation modeling of water dissociation in small ionic water clusters: Ag+(H2O)n, n = 4–6
Authors: Hütter Michael , Schöpfer Gabriel , Salzburger Magdalena , Beyer Martin K. , Ončák Milan
Published: July 2024

Master equation modelling within the AWATAR ansatz reveals dissociation kinetics in hydrated silver cations, Ag+(H2O)n, n = 4–6.
Identification of coke species on Fe/USY catalysts used for recycling polyethylene into fuels
Authors: Wang Yongli , Yan Na , Chen Zezhou
Published: July 2024

In this research, we analyze coke deposition on Fe/USY catalysts used in the polyethylene pyrolysis for fuels. We reveal the insights into the coke distribution over metal and acid sites as well as its specific molecular structure.
Intermolecular C–C/C–N σ-bond metathesis enabled by visible light
Authors: Li Rujuan , Zhan Renqin , Lang Yatao , Li Chao-Jun , Zeng Huiying
Published: July 2024

We present a novel photo-induced approach that does not rely on transition metals or photosensitizers to drive C–C and C–N σ-bond metathesis reactions. This method enables the cross-coupling of tertiary amines with α-diketones.
Skeletal muscle dysfunction with advancing age
Authors: Pabla Pardeep , Jones Eleanor J. , Piasecki Mathew , Phillips Bethan E.
Published: July 2024

As a result of advances in medical treatments and associated policy over the last century, life expectancy has risen substantially and continues to increase globally. However, the disconnect between lifespan and ‘health span’ (the length of time spent in a healthy, disease-free state) has also increased, with skeletal muscle being a substantial contributor to this. Biological ageing is accompanied by declines in both skeletal muscle mass and function, termed sarcopenia. The mechanisms underpinning sarcopenia are multifactorial and are known to include marked alterations in muscle protein turnover and adaptations to the neural input to muscle. However, to date, the relative contribution of each factor remains largely unexplored. Specifically, muscle protein synthetic responses to key anabolic stimuli are blunted with advancing age, whilst alterations to neural components, spanning from the motor cortex and motoneuron excitability to the neuromuscular junction, may explain the greater magnitude of function losses when compared with mass. The consequences of these losses can be devastating for individuals, their support networks, and healthcare services; with clear detrimental impacts on both clinical (e.g., mortality, frailty, and post-treatment complications) and societal (e.g., independence maintenance) outcomes. Whether declines in muscle quantity and quality are an inevitable component of ageing remains to be completely understood. Nevertheless, strategies to mitigate these declines are of vital importance to improve the health span of older adults. This review aims to provide an overview of the declines in skeletal muscle mass and function with advancing age, describes the wide-ranging implications of these declines, and finally suggests strategies to mitigate them, including the merits of emerging pharmaceutical agents.
Acetylation, ADP-ribosylation and methylation of malate dehydrogenase
Authors: Kuhn Misty L. , Rakus John F. , Quenet Delphine
Published: July 2024

Metabolism within an organism is regulated by various processes, including post-translational modifications (PTMs). These types of chemical modifications alter the molecular, biochemical, and cellular properties of proteins and allow the organism to respond quickly to different environments, energy states, and stresses. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is a metabolic enzyme that is conserved in all domains of life and is extensively modified post-translationally. Due to the central role of MDH, its modification can alter metabolic flux, including the Krebs cycle, glycolysis, and lipid and amino acid metabolism. Despite the importance of both MDH and its extensively post-translationally modified landscape, comprehensive characterization of MDH PTMs, and their effects on MDH structure, function, and metabolic flux remains underexplored. Here, we review three types of MDH PTMs – acetylation, ADP-ribosylation, and methylation – and explore what is known in the literature and how these PTMs potentially affect the 3D structure, enzymatic activity, and interactome of MDH. Finally, we briefly discuss the potential involvement of PTMs in the dynamics of metabolons that include MDH.
Steroid metabolism and hormonal dynamics in normal and malignant ovaries
Authors: Beevors Lucy I. , Sundar Sudha , Foster Paul A.
Published: July 2024

The ovaries are key steroid hormone production sites in post-pubertal females. However, current research on steroidogenic enzymes, endogenous hormone concentrations and their effects on healthy ovarian function and malignant development is limited. Here, we discuss the importance of steroid enzymes in normal and malignant ovaries, alongside hormone concentrations, receptor expression and action. Key enzymes include STS, 3β-HSD2, HSD17B1, ARK1C3, and aromatase, which influence ovarian steroidal action. Both androgen and oestrogen action, via their facilitating enzyme, drives ovarian follicle activation, development and maturation in healthy ovarian tissue. In ovarian cancer, some data suggest STS and oestrogen receptor α may be linked to aggressive forms, while various oestrogen-responsive factors may be involved in ovarian cancer metastasis. In contrast, androgen receptor expression and action vary across ovarian cancer subtypes. For future studies investigating steroidogenesis and steroidal activity in ovarian cancer, it is necessary to differentiate between disease subtypes for a comprehensive understanding.
A CC/VC‐based power tracking method for photovoltaic inverter operated in voltage control mode
Authors: Wang ZhenXiong , Peng Yingjie , Yi Hao , Zhang Wei , Wu Jingting , Li Qiru , Zhuo Fang
Published: July 2024

The active power control of photovoltaic (PV) inverters without energy storage can flatten the fluctuating power and support the voltage amplitude and frequency of the grid. When operated in grid‐forming voltage‐control mode, because the PV power can change rapidly and widely, the PV inverter needs to track the power commands quickly and precisely. Traditionally, this goal is achieved with the estimation of PV power curve or PI‐based multiple‐loop feedback control, where flexibility, availability and accuracy are not satisfactory. Therefore, a CC/VC‐based power tracking (CVPT) method is proposed, which only uses single‐loop in control. The proposed method does not need to tune multiple loops and can respond faster, which is important for grid‐forming voltage control. Furthermore, the different operating modes due to the limitation of PV maximum power are analysed, and a mode switch method is proposed. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the PV inverter can cope with power disturbances from both the power and grid sides and maintain the quality of grid voltage.
Model‐free predictive rotor current control of DFIGs based on an adaptive ultra‐local model under nonideal power grids
Authors: Jiang Tao , Zhang Yongchang , Zhang Shengan , Li Shengnan
Published: July 2024

The traditional control method of doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) has poor robustness due to the excessive use of machine parameters, and does not fully consider the control conditions of nonideal power grids, resulting in serious fluctuations in current and power under grid disturbances. To solve these problems, model‐free predictive rotor current control (MFPRCC) based on an ultra‐local model is proposed in this article. The ultra‐local model is adaptive because it can accurately emulate the overall structure of the system and estimate the total disturbance of the system in real time. Under a nonideal grid, the cascaded delayed signal cancellation (CDSC) modules are connected in series behind the outer power loop to extract the fundamental component of the rotor current reference. The proposed method is compared with the traditional model predictive rotor current control (MPRCC) method, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on a 1.5 kW DFIG experimental platform.
Biology of plants of the Ferula tenuisēcta and the level of toxicity in laboratory animals
Authors: Babaeva Shakhlo , Eshburieva Noila , Eshimov Dusmurat , Nuridinova Muxlisa , Saparov Oybek
Published: July 2024

In this article, the importance of the biology of plants belonging to the family Fērula tenuisēcta in the national economy, useful aspects and treatment properties are given. Also, in this article, the toxicity level of this plant was studied in laboratory animals.
Evaluation of potato hybrids in the parent form of Adretta x Vasilek
Authors: Jusupov Erkin , Timofeev Vyacheslav
Published: July 2024

This study provides a comparative assessment of the obtained hydrides with their parent varieties in terms of yield, marketability, and phenological observations in the conditions of the Northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. This line of experiments is carried out to study the resulting hybrids and select parent forms to obtain more productive breeding material. Completely different and contrasting varieties of Adretta have been selected for the parent forms. Cornflower. In the 350 seeds were obtained from crossed plants, 39 promising hybrids were selected from them. When comparing hybrids with parental forms, on average, 41% of hybrids were equal or had higher yields compared to the maternal form (Adretta variety), and 36% of hybrids were close to the paternal form (Cornflower variety). A significant number of hybrids, 23%, had low yields and were culled. 13% of hybrids had high yields: AB 58/14 (35.24 t/ha), AB 51/10 (31.91 t/ha), AB 50/7 (28.23 t/ha), AB 69/11 (27.26 t/ha), AB 54/8 (26.3 t/ha). According to a number of characteristics, the resulting hybrid material is equally divided along the maternal or paternal line, of the total number, only 1 hybrid had an excess of parental forms in yield.
The influence of drugs with a synergistic mixture of phencides on the intensity of invasion, morphological blood parameters and leukocyte formula in chicken eimeriosis mixed with colibacillosis
Authors: Ibragimova Feruza , Ibragimov Davletbay , Daminov Asadullo , Mamadullaev Gulmurod
Published: July 2024

In this work, we studied the synergistic preparations phencid and phencid premix prepared by us in doses of 288 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg to the feed, which reduce the intensity of invasion by almost 4-5 times and their use at the above doses does not negatively affect the morphological parameters and the leukocyte formula of the blood of birds. Considering the relevance, these drugs can be used for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. For this purpose, birds were experimentally infected simultaneously with pathogens of Eimeria and Escherichiosis. As a result, it was found that the tested drugs reduce the intensity of invasion by 4-5 times and do not have a negative effect on the morphological composition of the blood and the leukocyte formula.
Using additives to improve the effectiveness of rations in quail farming for meat
Authors: Semyonov S. , Safonov V. , Vencova I. , Proskurina I.
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to develop a method for modernizing quail meat production. Complex enzyme additives and lyophilized spore- forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis (strain DSMz 17299) were used to investigate the formation of quail meat. To assess the effects of additives, four groups were formed: a control group fed only the regular farm main ration, the 1st group with Bacillus subtilis added to the main ration, the 2nd group with an added fermentative complex based on endo-1,4-β-xylanase and endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase, and the 3rd group fed a combination of these additives. During the study, quails were weighed weekly and slaughtered at 70 days of age, followed by evaluating the meat quality according to established control parameters. It was determined that in the control group, the total weight gain was 223.24%, in the 1st group—237.61%, in the 2nd group—227.29%, and in the 3rd group—244.35%. The survival rates in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and control groups were 91.32%, 89.66%, 95.02%, and 87.77%, respectively. When evaluating indicators such as live weight, dressed carcass weight, slaughter yield, muscle tissue weight, protein content, energy value, and meat quality index, the highest values were observed in the 3rd group and lowest in the control group. When using mono-additives, the Bacillus subtilis preparation (1st group) performed best compared to the fermentative complex. The levels of microbial and toxic element contamination were within normal limits. The sensory evaluation established higher organoleptic characteristics for the meat in the 3rd group compared to other groups and the control. This indicates the high efficacy of applying a complex additive on the mass and quality of meat production in quail farming.
Species diversity of Fusarim fungi on grain crops in the conditions of the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus
Authors: Manukyan I.R. , Khatsaeva R.M. , Kosyrev S.G. , Al Azawi Nagam M.X.
Published: July 2024

The article presents the results of studies of the species composition of phytopathogens of winter soft wheat grain affected by ear fusarium. For the first time, studies were conducted using a complex of electron microscopic, molecular genetics, and mycological methods. The species F. graminearum dominated in all samples (frequency of occurrence 42.8%). The species F. avenaceum (23.3%), F. sporotrichioides and F. equiseti (8.8% each) were noted with high frequency. Next in descending order of frequency of occurrence: F. oxysporum, F. boothii, F. poae, F. proliferatum, F. accumatum, F. incarnatum, F. vorosii, F. tricinctum, F. cerealis, F. sambuticum. For the first time, 7 species were found for the plain zone of the Pre-Caucasus: F. equiseti, F. boothii, F. vorosii, F. cerealis, F. sporotrichioides, F. oxysporum, F. incarnatum.
Study of the immune status in the treatment of calves with respiratory syndrome with the antiviral drug “Triazavirin”
Authors: Reshetnikova Tatiana , Kuzmin Vladimir , Krylova Tatyana
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the use of various treatment regimens for calves with respiratory syndrome using antibacterial and antiviral drugs, including Triazavirin. During the experiment, a study of immunological blood parameters was carried out - phagocytic activity of leukocytes (PAL), phagocytic number (PN), phagocytic index (PI). In relation to the control, the phagocytic activity of leukocytes changed significantly in the first and second experimental groups; there was an increase in this indicator by 26.14% and 44.61%. In turn, the absorption capacity also actively increases, the phagocytic number increases by 58.33% and 72.92%, the phagocytic index is higher by 28.81% and 33.9% in groups, respectively. In a comparative analysis of experimental groups with different treatment regimens, it was noted that in the second group, when taking the antiviral drug “Triazavirin” and the antibacterial drug “Lexoflon”, the indicators of phagocytic activity of leukocytes, phagocytic number, phagocytic index were higher by 1.05%, by 7.69 %, by 4.69% respectively. When using various medications and treatment regimens, including triazavirin, we observe activation of protective components and increased immune activity. The maximum quantitative value in terms of phagocytic activity and absorption capacity of leukocytes was observed in the second experimental group, with the use of the antiviral drug “Triazavirin” and the antibacterial drug “Lexoflon”.
Study of immunomodulating effects of Streptococcus pyogenes B-7612 bacteria on cellular and humoral immunity of pets
Authors: Pesnya D.S. , Kadyrov R.N. , Aknazarov B.K.
Published: July 2024

For the first time, a study was conducted of the effect of living bacteria of the Streptococcus pyogenes avirulent strain B-7612, on the cellular and humoral immunity indicators of domestic animals (dogs) with signs of immunodeficiency. Lyophilizates of live bacteria was administered intradermally to dogs according to the scheme of 0,02-0,04 ml. for 25 days with an interval of 5 days. At the beginning of the experiment and for every 5 days, all animals were sampled to determine immunity parameters: the number of formed elements (leukocytes, leukocyte formula), protein, albumin, globulin, phagocytic number, phagocytic index, phagocytic activity, bactericidal activity of blood serum, lysozyme activity of blood serum. Blood was taken using blood collection systems. Streptococcus pyogenes strain B-7612 has been found to stimulate the cellular immunity, resulting in an increase in the total number of leukocytes (granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes), activation of neutrophilic phagocytic activity of the blood, with simultaneous growth of phagocytic index and phagocytic number, the activity of humoral factors is activated, which indicates an increase in the natural stability of the immune system. In the blood of experimental animals there were no significant changes in the amount of total protein, albumin and globulins compared with the control.
The influence of drugs containing gluconolactone on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of rabbits
Authors: Gusarova Angelina , Lyashchuk Yulia , Ovchinnikov Alexey , Samarin Gennady , Ivanishchev Konstantin
Published: July 2024

The work discusses the use of antioxidants in the process of feeding rabbits and their effect on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood. The drug “Gluconolactone E575 Roquette SG” was chosen as a feed additive. Based on the studies, the authors drew conclusions about the positive effect of gluconolactone on the biochemical parameters of the blood of rabbits, assessed its therapeutic significance and the feasibility of including the drug as an additive in feed rations.
Spreading soils of different landscape type and theirs ecological situation (on of Lesser Caucasus)
Authors: Mamadov Zaman , Abdullayeva Maya , Gasimov Araz
Published: July 2024

The presented article shows that in the current conditions, different landscape types and climate indicators corresponding to these landscapes are widely distributed in the study area. Based on the analysis, the distribution ranged from intensively fragmented highland nival and partially nival glacial and subnival landscapes to sharply and moderately fragmented foothill dry steppe landscapes. In the studied areas, common soil types were determined by landscape types, their use in agriculture, the state of erosion, and signs that shape the fertility indicators of soil types were analyzed. It is also shown that different land use affects the change of the ecological environment to different degrees on both landscape and soil types. This has a serious negative impact on the efficient use of land in the environment and the creation of a sustainable agricultural system. In order to eliminate this trend, based on the presented scientific research works, various agrotechnical measures to reduce the mentioned negative dynamics and various anti-erosion measures, improvement of land use conditions, increase of fertility parameters, and re-introduction into the agricultural cycle have been justified.
Bioecological features and significance of the genus Bee-Eater-Merops in Uzbekistan
Authors: Shodieva Fotima , Kholboev Fakhriddin , Mamarakhimov Oybek , Shausmanova Roza , Solieva Dilafruz
Published: July 2024

The article presents the results of the research conducted in Uzbekistan in 2020-2023 on the bioecological characteristics and importance of European Bee-eater - Merops apiaster and Blue-cheeked Bee-eater - Merops persicus. The purpose of this study is to determine and assess the distribution, number and dynamics of M. apiaster and M. persicus in Uzbekistan, factors controlling their reproduction, nutrition, importance in nature and in bee farms, to experiment with effective methods to prevent biodamage caused by bee-eaters to bee farms and to protect them. As a result, recommendations are being developed to protect these species and prevent their bio-damaging activity. Zoological, ecological, questionnaire, statistical and comparative analysis methods were used in the research. The scientific novelty of the research is as follows: distribution characteristics of Merops species in Uzbekistan, their number and dynamics in biotopes, and abiotic and biotic factors controlling them were determined; the reproductive cycle of woodpeckers, their nesting places, the structure of their nests, the passage of reproduction stages, the efficiency of reproduction and the environmental factors affecting it were determined; changes in the nutritional composition and trophic relations of the species were determined in accordance with the reproductive and post-reproductive cycles; it has been proven that bee- eaters increase in stomach mass and accumulation of fat in the stomach and internal organs are the results of hyperphagia and lipogenesis events that occur in preparation for autumn migration; the importance of M. apiaster and M. persicus in nature and in bee farms was evaluated and their participation in various biocenotic relationships was revealed; the bioacoustic repellent “Merops – distress signal” was developed and its effectiveness in controlling the behavior of bee-eaters was proven by testing; appropriate recommendations for reducing the participation of Merops in biodamage in bee farms and their protection were developed.
Influence of an anthropogenic factor on changes in the content and composition of humus in chernozems of the lake Sevan basin of the republic of Armenia
Authors: Kroyan S.Z. , Baghdasaryan S.K. , Mesropyan Zh.Sh. , Movsesyan H.E.
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the results of research on the impact of anthropogenic factors on the changes in the content and composition of humus in chernozems . The studies showed that the amount of humus in arable soils consistently decreases. It was found that its content in the “A” horizon of virgin soil averages from 6.1 to 9.9%. It was determined that with prolonged plowing, the humus content in the arable layer decreased to 5.6% (to an average level). In a consistent pattern, there is also a decrease in the content of total carbon and nitrogen in arable variants. Research shows that as the humus content decreases, the amount of humic acids (HA) also decreases. It was found that with the depth of the profile, the relative content of HA (% of total C) decreases, while fulvic acids (FA) increase, and the type of humus transitions from fulvate-humate in the “A” and “B” horizons to humate-fulvate in the “BC” and “C” horizons. It was established that prolonged and unsystematic agricultural use of chernozems led to a decrease in humus content and a change in the qualitative composition of humus. Throughout the profile, these changes are expressed in a decrease in the total amount of humic acids, fulvic acids, and non-hydrolyzable residue.
Artificial reproduction of sturgeon: The correlation between the lipid composition of caviar and it fish breeding quality
Authors: Vassel Sergei , Vassel Natalia
Published: July 2024

In our research we study of the correlation between the biochemical composition of unfertilized sturgeon caviar and the results of its incubation. We studies besters (bester is a hybrid of beluga and sterlet) and stellate sturgeon caviar. We find out that for both bester and stellate sturgeon, the dependence of the fish breeding quality of eggs on the lipid composition was identical. It was shown that the lipid composition of caviar has the greatest influence on the fish breeding qualities of caviar. Also it was shown that such biochemical characteristics of the caviar as protein level does not correlate with fish breeding quality of the caviar. The recommendations to use the caviar with high level of the ratio phospholipids/total lipids and high level of phosphatidylcholine and low level of monoacylglycerols, diacylglycides or lysophosphatidylcholines for artificial reproduction were made.
Policy pathway to resilience: Shifting to high-yielding rice seeds to reduce emissions and strengthen rice production in Indonesia
Authors: Adhi Andriyono , Aryanto Glaniz , Kusumaningrum Nurul
Published: July 2024

Addressing climate change in rice farming to strengthen national food security while mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions presents complex challenges warranting policy support. Rice cultivation needs actionable emission reduction strategies, given its 57% share of Indonesia’s total agricultural emissions. Concurrently, climate change has led to reduced yields, even crop failure. While prior studies have proposed some mitigation measures, their applicability to smallholder farmers remains economically and socially constrained. The absence of effective mitigation strategies might jeopardise national food security. This study assesses optimal emissions-cutting approaches tailored for rural cultivation using a narrative literature review and qualitative field survey, encompassing interviews with 523 farmers in five provinces: North Sumatra (86), Lampung (116), West Java (94), Central Java (156), and East Java (71). A Comparison Group analysis reveals that users of high-yielding variety seeds (HYV) produced fewer GHG (1.3 tons CO2e/tons rice produced) than non-users (1.5 tons CO2e/tons rice produced), attributed to increased productivity with the same fertiliser input. Encouraging HYV adoption surfaces as a pragmatic strategy, surpassing the viability of alternative interventions. Thus, implementing national policies that promote HYV production and utilisation has emerged as an effective mitigation strategy for reducing emissions in rice cultivation while concurrently strengthening national food security.
Technical efficiency of rice productivity in Indonesia
Authors: Sinuraya Julia F. , Ulpah Amalia , Setiyanto Adi , Astari Annisa F. , Dabukke Frans B.M.
Published: July 2024

The government has provided a lot of assistance to increase rice productivity. However, studies in this area are still rare. This study aims to determine the level of technical efficiency of various types of agricultural machinery assistance and subsidised fertilisers for rice productivity. The study method used is stochastic frontier analysis at the provincial level based on realisation data of government assistance in 2017–2021 on rice productivity for 2018–2021. The technical efficiency value of rice productivity in 2018–2021 has been efficient. The technical efficiency average is 0.82 and decreased by 0.44% annually. The variables that have a significant effect are subsidised nitrogen fertiliser, subsidised phosphorus fertiliser, small combine harvesters (CH), vertical dryers (VD), and small and medium-scale rice milling units (RMU). Subsidised nitrogen fertilisers and medium-scale RMU are significant with a positive sign, while phosphor, small CH, vertical dryer, and small-scale RMU are significant with a negative sign. Based on the results, increasing rice productivity can be carried out by adding nitrogen fertiliser assistance, increasing medium-scale RMUs, reducing phosphorus elemental fertilisers, not adding VD (unless integrated with medium-scale RMUs), and small CH due to no longer being effective in increasing rice productivity.
Reducing post-harvest loss and waste along the rice supply chain and consumption
Authors: Suryana Esty A. , Mauludyani Anna V.R. , Sumedi  , Ariani Mewa , Munarso S. Joni
Published: July 2024

The land and water resources for rice production have declined due to climate change events, causing supply disruptions. From 2000 to 2019, cereal crop losses, including rice, comprised 13.4% of the domestic supply. Enhancing agricultural efficiency requires efforts to reduce rice loss and waste. This research aimed to analyse rice consumption patterns, estimate rice loss and waste, and formulate policy recommendations. Data from different institutions were descriptively analysed. The main findings are as follows: 1) with a consumption participation rate of 98.7% and an expenditure share of 95.5% of all cereals, rice is a staple food for Indonesians; 2) rice supply chain losses range from 12.7% to 20.1%, with harvesting losing the most at 7–10%; 3) household waste reaches 2.7–3.2 kg/capita/year; 4) a total of 10 million tons of dry unhusked grain (GKG) or 2 million hectares of harvested rice are lost and wasted. Farmers, traders, consumers, the government, and the private sector must share responsibility for addressing rice loss and waste. Encouraging post-harvest technologies, such as the usage of combine harvesters, as well as enforcing rules and fostering mentality shifts, are essential tasks. Consumers can prevent food waste by calculating the amount of rice they need to cook.
An association between food policy and rice food balance sheet
Authors: Jati Kumara
Published: July 2024

This research examines the association between food policy and the rice food balance sheet. Normative juridical analysis explains that the purpose of National Food Agency (BAPANAS) Regulation No. 7 of 2023 concerning the highest retail price of rice is to maintain the affordability of rice prices at the consumer level. In August 2023, the average retail price of rice in several provinces exceeded the highest retail price. The rice food balance sheet was estimated based on the production and consumption of rice in 34 provinces in Indonesia. Production and consumption of rice were calculated from BPS-Statistics Indonesia data on wet unhusked grain (GKP) and the population of Indonesia by province. In 2022, the rice food balance sheet estimation showed a rice surplus in 11 provinces and a rice deficit in 23 provinces. The provinces with the largest surplus of rice are South Sulawesi, Central Java, and East Java. The provinces with the largest rice deficits are Jakarta, Riau, and North Sumatra. Local governments experiencing rice deficits should coordinate with various stakeholders to ensure the availability and affordability of rice in their respective provinces. State-owned enterprises must help maintain the government’s rice reserves, especially in provinces with rice deficits.
Mechanism and performance of the rice supply chain in Gorontalo: A SCOR model approach
Authors: Indriani Ria , Imran Supriyo , Bakari Yuliana
Published: July 2024

The long chain is one of the factors contributing to the high rice prices. The study aimed to examine the performance and mechanism of the rice supply chain in Gorontalo Province. The research was conducted between April and July 2023, and it involved surveying 150 actors within the supply chain, including rice mill operators, paddy farmers, and other stakeholders. The study used descriptive and SCOR analysis methods to analyse the data. The findings showed that Gorontalo’s modern rice supply chain mechanism involves horizontal information, product, and financial flows. The supply chain has ten distribution channels within and outside the Gorontalo region. The study also revealed that the performance of the rice supply chain in Gorontalo Province is generally excellent, with reliability, responsibility, flexibility, cost, and asset management falling into the superior category. However, daily supplies and costs fall into the advantage and parity categories. It is essential to focus on reducing input values and maximising output values to improve the performance and efficiency of the rice supply chain. Effective management and supervision are also necessary to optimise the three flows within the rice supply chain mechanism.
Analysis of rice supply in the Nusantara Capital City
Authors: Septanti Kartika S. , Yofa Rangga D. , Mulyono Joko , Setyaningrum Widyadhari F. , Irawan Aldho R.
Published: July 2024

Located in East Kalimantan Province, Nusantara Capital City (IKN) will be the new capital city of Indonesia. This plan will increase the population due to migration and economic growth in IKN. It will directly impact the increasing demand for food, especially rice. This study aims to analyse the sources of rice supply in IKN. Primary and secondary data collected in March - July 2023 from key informants in East Kalimantan, Jakarta, and South Sulawesi Province were analysed descriptively and quantitatively. IKN rice demand has been estimated to increase to 37.5 metric tons by 2024, along with an increase in population. The rice supply in East Kalimantan, derived from local production, fulfils only 49% of the total demand, whereas in IKN, it fulfils only 5%. In 2024, the total regional government rice reserve in regencies and cities near IKN was only 1.02% of the IKN rice demand. Most alternative rice supplies come from East Java and South Sulawesi Provinces. The policy implications are as follows: (1) increasing rice production by intensifying and extensifying farming; (2) expanding food reserves by increasing volume and building infrastructure; and (3) developing Regional Food Enterprises (BUMD) for rice supply chain efficiency.