bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cultural Diversity of Dementia Patients and Caregivers in Primary Care Case Management: a Pilot Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Yang Xin Qiang , Vedel Isabelle , Khanassov Vladimir
Published: September 2021

Context

The Canadian reality of dementia care may be complicated by the cultural diversity of patients and their informal caregivers.

Objectives

To what extent do needs differ between Canadian- and foreign-born patients and caregivers? What are their experiences with the illness in primary care case management?

Methods

Mixed methods, sequential explanatory design (a cross-sectional study, followed by a qualitative descriptive study), involving 15 pairs of patients and caregivers.

Results

Foreign-born patients had more needs compared to their Canadian-born counterparts. Foreign-born caregivers reported more stress, more problems, and increased need for services. However, the reported experiences of Canadian- vs. foreign-born individuals were similar.

Conclusion

The results remain hypothesis-generating. The present pilot illustrated the suitability of mixed methods to this area of study, which deserves further investigation to better serve all mem­bers of a population already vulnerable by age and disease.
Wearable Supercapacitors, Performance, and Future Trends
Authors: V. Thekkekara Litty , Ahmed Khan Imtiaz
Published: September 2021

The progress in portable technologies demands compactable energy harvesting and storage. In recent years, carbon-based lightweight and wearable supercapacitors are the new energy storage trends in the market. Moreover, the non-volatile nature, long durability, eco-friendliness, and electrostatic interaction mechanism of supercapacitors make it a better choice than traditional batteries. This chapter will focus on the progress of the wearable supercapacitor developments, the preferred material, design choices for energy storage, and their performance. We will be discussing the integrability of these supercapacitors with the next generation wearable technologies like sensors for health monitoring, biosensing and e-textiles. Besides, we will investigate the limitations and challenges involves in realizing those supercapacitor integrated technologies.
Towards Sustainable Housing: Waste Management in Informal Settlements in Masvingo City, Zimbabwe
Authors: Chigwenya Average , Simbanegavi Prisca
Published: September 2021

Urban informality is fast becoming a permanent feature in cities not only in the global South but also in the global North, hence the need to include it in the delivery systems of the city for sustainable urbanity. However informal settlements are left out in the service delivery systems of cities and this has created spatial deprivation in the city. The exclusion of urban informality is not only a denial of their right to the city but also a denial of environmental justice to these people, which also constitute unsustainable housing. Including informal settlements in the urban fabric will result in sustainable housing because the housing delivery is very important in attaining sustainable development goals. All cities therefore need to provide its services to all the city inhabitants for inclusive and sustainable city. Informal settlements demands safe and liveable spaces for their well being and the sustainability of the city. Effective waste management in informal settlements does not only reflect the inclusivity of the city but is also an important pillar for sustainable city. The research used a mixed methods approach to data collection, where both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect data. The research find out that informal settlements in Masvingo city are excluded from the waste collection services and this is imposing an impending danger to their lives because of life threatening environments that surround informal settlements.
Rice Cultivation - A Way of Life for the People of North Eastern Hill Region of India
Authors: Singh Konjengbam Noren , Mahanta Mayurakshee , Allwin Lyngdoh Andrean
Published: September 2021

Being an amazing picturesque of land, the North Eastern Hill Region of India, consisting of more than 200 ethnic groups, has only about 2.27% of the total rice area and shares only 1.96% of the total rice production in the country. Whether profitable or not, the rice cultivation is a way of life for the people of North Eastern Hill Region of India. Till today, the production and productivity of rice in this region is below the national average because of its fragile ecosystem and the varied physio-graphic conditions pertaining to this region. Neither the wider recommendation of agricultural technology such as variety nor the use of a single technology or variety can solve this problem of low yield. However, the development of location specific high yielding rice variety using the existing land races prevalent in the area can be one of the promising technique for improving the production and productivity of rice cultivation in this region.
Common Genitourinary Fistulas in Rural Practice: Treatment and Management
Authors: Michael Anyaeze Chineme
Published: September 2021

Acquired genitourinary fistulas are common in rural practice. They are pathological communications between the urinary and genital tracts, or between either of the tracts and gastrointestinal tract or skin. Vesicovaginal fistula is the commonest and most devastating. They may result from prolonged and obstructed labor, injuries during obstetric, gynecologic, pelvic and urologic procedures, circumcision, fall from heights, road traffic accidents and female genital mutilation. They present as urinary leakage with characteristic odor. Diagnoses are mainly clinical and confirmed by dye tests, contrast radiography and endoscopy. Treatment is individualized according anatomic sites and etiology. Timing of repair is of essence; delayed repair for obstetric and early for focal injuries. Multidisciplinary team approach and cooperation is encouraged in the management of some of these cases. The sustenance of the 2 – way referral system is emphasized in cases beyond the scope of rural practice. Repairs when undertaken by skilled compassionate fistula surgeons with attention to principles of fistula management and surgical treatment, success rate can approach 90%. Interposition of vascularized grafts have improved success rate. The burden of this condition will be reduced through integration of rural practitioners in the preventive strategies of health education of the public and girlchild; improvement of healthcare, education and transportation infrastructures.
Pathogenesis, Pathology and Genetics of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ege Ferhat
Published: September 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a condition with high prevalence worldwide. OA affects not only the articular cartilage, but the entire joint, including the subchondral bone, ligaments, capsule, synovial membrane and the periarticular muscles. Despite the fact that the risks associated with OA increase with age, it is not a part of the natural aging process. It typically involves the knee, hip, spine, hand and foot joints. Several factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of OA, including biomechanical factors, proinflammatory mediators and proteases. On the other hand, it was mostly the results of the studies conducted on the genetic, genomic and epigenetic aspects of OA, from among many of its underlying etiological factors, which shed light on the molecular processes involved in the etiopathogenesis of OA. As the mechanisms that cause joint tissue damage in OA come to light, the treatment of OA will go beyond just providing symptomatic relief. Consequentially, new treatments will emerge that will either slow or completely stop the progression of OA.
Determining the Characteristics of Acoustic Emission in the Fatigue Crack Growth of Aluminum Alloy 2025 for Online Structural Monitoring
Authors: Sharifi Ghaderi Javad
Published: September 2021

In the use of metals, due to industrial advances and the application of more dynamic loads, it is necessary to pay more attention to the fatigue issue. Non-destructive inspection methods are used to condition and health monitoring of structures at the time of production and even during the service life of parts. Among non-destructive methods, the acoustic emission method has become a standard and reliable method in recent years. In this project, the characteristics of acoustic emission in the fatigue crack growth of aluminum alloy 2025 for online structural monitoring have been investigated and determined. Acoustic emission tests have been performed in two parts: bending fatigue test with the aim of initiation of fatigue cracks in aluminum alloy 2025 specimens and following tensile tests with the aim of growth of fatigue cracks. The acoustic emission signals and parameters sent by the acoustic emission sensor during both tests were received and recorded by the acoustic emission software. According to the received acoustic emission information, various diagrams are plotted. Analyzing the results from online acoustic emission monitoring showed, the acoustic emission method can be considered as a suitable and reliable technique for detecting crack initiation and crack growth in aluminum alloy 2025.
The Concept of Data Mining
Authors: Olufemi Ogunleye Julius
Published: September 2021

Data mining is a technique for identifying patterns in large amounts of data and information. Databases, data centers, the internet, and other data storage formats; or data that is dynamically streaming into the network are examples of data sources. This paper provides an overview of the data mining process, as well as its benefits and drawbacks, as well as data mining methodologies and tasks. This study also discusses data mining techniques in terms of their features, benefits, drawbacks, and application areas.
Arthroscopic Bankart Repair Using a Lasso-Loop Stitch
Authors: Konrads Christian , Döbele Stefan
Published: September 2021

Anterior inferior shoulder dislocation is a common injury. After primary traumatic shoulder dislocation and conservative treatment, the risk of re-dislocation is very high in patients younger than 35 years. With age, the risk of re-dislocation after traumatic shoulder dislocation and conservative treatment decreases. Surgical treatment via either open or arthroscopic stabilization minimizes the risk of re-dislocation. Today, anterior shoulder stabilization by arthroscopic refixation of the labroligamentous complex with suture anchors is a standard procedure, if there is no severe chronic bony defect at the glenoid site. Lafosse et al. described the so-called „Lasso-loop stitch“. This technique allows for positioning of the knot away from the joint and at the same time it establishes a labral bump that stabilizes the humeral head against (sub)luxation. The surgical principle and aim consist of refixation of the anterior labrum-capsule-ligament complex to the glenoid with positioning of the knot at distance to the joint as well as bulging up the labrum. This stabilizes the shoulder joint and therefore avoids further dislocations and associated pathologies. The aim of this work is to give an illustrated instruction of the surgical technique of arthroscopic Bankart repair using the lasso-loop stitch.
The Unique Existence of Chromosomal Abnormalities in Polyploidy Plants
Authors: Hieu Pham Van
Published: September 2021

Chromosomal abnormalities are a popular natural phenomenon, especially in polyploid plants, and their unique existence in plants is one of the major forces for speciation and evolution. This means that plants with existing chromosomal abnormalities developing through sexual and asexual pathways shed light on increasing biomass and adapting ecology. Regarding the former, plants with chromosomal abnormalities experience not only enlargement effects but also increased phytochemical compounds. As far as ecological perspectives are concerned, chromosomal abnormalities in plants enhance biotic and abiotic tolerance to climate change. This chapter focuses on chromosomal abnormalities in whole genome doubling, such as autopolyploid, allopolyploid, and aneuploidy plants, and discusses the effects and benefits of these abnormalities to evolution and ecological adaptation at the individual and population levels. It also discusses some advantages and disadvantages of polyploid animals in comparison with polyploid plants.
La purificación del corazón y el ascenso hacia Dios en los comentarios de san Agustín a los salmos graduales (119-133)
Authors: Carrón de la Torre Antonio ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: September 2021

The article presents a brief description of the background and the times of the Ascensional Psalms (Ps. 119-133). Then the sense and the main content of Augustine’s commentary on the Psalms is dealt. The article also presents Augustine’s doctrine on Prayer, as it is presented in the Commentary to the Ascensional Psalms. Finally, the article presents some conclusions.
Teología de la historia y compromiso histórico en san Agustín. Orientaciones para tiempos difíciles
Authors: D’Andrea Bruno N. ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: September 2021

The article deals with Augustine as interpreter of History and at the same time as a engaged pastor of souls. In the first part it offers a summary of the historical facts that happened in Rome between the years 410-411, stressing Augustine’s interpretation. In a second place it presents the way in which Augustine answered to the moment of trial, and which supposed a crisis for the theology. Its addresses also the topic of the Two Cities and its contemporary importance, searching to encourage a theological discernment for the times of trouble. Finally the engagement of Augustine with History is stressed.
Wrangling Tears and Tantrums: How to Keep Families Coming Back to the Library
Authors: Benham Tammie
Published: September 2021

Maintaining a professional demeanor when faced with a crying child is difficult. However, with some knowledge of child development, a willingness to help, and a few strategies, library professionals can help soothe a distraught child and build relationships with caregivers.The active, noisy atmosphere in most library children’s departments—pre-pandemic, of course!—is evidence that libraries understand and have embraced the importance of allowing children the latitude for play. Research tells us that play is the business of how children learn and what they speak about.
Public Awareness and Advocacy Committee: Back to School Advocacy: Creating School Partnerships
Authors: Sokol Melissa
Published: September 2021

At the start of each school year, children’s librarians may want to check in and reaffirm partnerships with the school media specialists in their service area. Here are some helpful tips to reconnect.
Investing in Storytime Training: Setting the Stage for All Staff
Authors: Eastman Jaime , Hargrove Laura
Published: September 2021

As storyteller Laura Holloway said, “Storytelling is our obligation to the next generation.” Storytimes give libraries opportunities to share stories and connect with families. We can build early literacy skills, provide learning opportunities, and foster a love of reading for years to come. As much as we love presenting storytimes, we must be intentional about our approach and delivery to ensure quality experiences.
Swallowing disorders during and after the treatment of larynx cancer
Authors: Zelić Mirna , Petrović-Lazić Mirjana , Pavlović Dragan
Published: September 2021

Dysphagia is a swallowing disorder that is characterized by difficulty to swallow and to control saliva as well as by feeding difficulties. Dysphagia is a common symptom of laryngeal cancer, or a consequence of surgical treatment as well as radiotherapy and chemotherapy of this neoplasma. The patients after laryngectomy are at risk of developing malnutrition, and aspiration pneumonia. Removal of anatomical structures and reorganization of remaining tissues has a significant impact on the physiology of swallowing. For most patients, safe swallowing is the main feature of a positive treatment outcome. Swallowing therapy is important before, during and after treatment of larynx cancer. The aim of this paper is to explore a correlation between swallowing disorders and laryngeal cancer treatment, and to understand the anatomical and physiological bases of dysphagia treatment.
Vitrification as a method of soil remediation
Authors: Trifunović Vanja
Published: September 2021

Various types of contaminated soil and hazardous waste that have a negative impact on the environment and human health can be treated with the vitrification process. This process is based on thermal treatment of contaminated soil or waste at high temperatures, with the addition of additives, whereby the soil/waste melts and a stable glass is formed. The resulting glass and glass-ceramic products have good mechanical resistance, chemically are resistant and immobilize contaminants, thus preventing their further negative impact on the environment. This paper presents a literature review of the vitrification process of different types of contaminated soil and hazardous waste.
Cycling in the city: Novi Sad on its way to become more bike-friendly city through the social activism
Authors: Komadina Ivana
Published: September 2021

Novi Sad is a city with great potential for becoming a major cycling city. However, there have been certain obstacles standing in the way. Via survey, people who cycle expressed their satisfaction with the number of parking spots, storage space at home, safety in traffic, quality of cycling paths, and density of cycling paths. On the other hand, a group that does not cycle was asked for reasons behind it as well as for their opinion on how to involve more cyclists. Furthermore, we tried to illustrate the importance of social activism in promoting cycling as well as its role in implementing new social policies. This paper offers an insight into the origins of the present issues while presenting potential solutions based on already implemented methods from other major cycling capitals. Overall we propose novel approaches to tackling this issue with the hope of using this research for making the future policy more coherently and continuously. Only with a multidisciplinary and integrative approach from different parts of the community, Novi Sad can fulfill its potential to become a safe and efficient area for cyclists.
Posverdad y destrucción del espacio público. Una lectura desde el pensamiento de Hannah Arendt
Authors: Perez Diaz Maria
Published: September 2021

En 1967 y como respuesta a las críticas sobre sus reportajes del juicio en Jerusalén contra Adolf Eichmann, Hannah Arendt publicó en las páginas de The New Yorker un ensayo titulado «Verdad y Política». Cuatro años después, y tras la filtración de los papeles del Pentágono, firmó en The New York Review of Books un ensayo hermano titulado «La mentira en la política». El presente artículo toma como punto de partida dichos trabajos para discutir la actualidad del pensamiento arendtiano en relación con el actual fenómeno de la posverdad. A través de una metodología histórico-hermenéutica fundamentada en una amplia revisión documental tanto de fuentes primarias como secundarias, el objetivo del presente artículo será analizar y valorar el concepto de defactualization, acuñado por la pensadora alemana con motivo de la publicación de los papeles del Pentágono para hacer referencia al enmascaramiento de la realidad, como un proto-concepto con el que Hannah Arendt ya nombró el fenómeno que hoy conocemos como posverdad, incluso antes de que el propio término apareciera. Partiendo de esa base, se examinan tres características que se encuentran tanto en las reflexiones de la pensadora alemana durante el pasado siglo como en las investigaciones actuales en torno a la posverdad: la irrelevancia de la verdad factual, la pérdida de confianza de los ciudadanos en la política, y la destrucción de la esfera pública; una ruptura del necesario espacio público de debate político, de contraste de ideas y de generación de acuerdos y consensos como consecuencia de todo lo anterior.
Fake brand gamification. Ludificación de las marcas visuales cómo estrategia de advertainment
Authors: Bertola Garbellini Andrea , Polo Serrano David , Martín Ramallal Pablo
Published: September 2021

Las marcas visuales se involucran de forma progresiva y creciente en entornos lúdicos, cambiando su semblante logotípico de manera metamórfica. La evolución de los gustos de los públicos y de las tecnologías han añadido variedad de posibilidades icónicas que permiten a los logos crear juegos de diferentes índoles, o bien participar en actividades aparentemente lúdicas. Para ello las identidades visuales han potenciado su creatividad a la hora de producir juegos, competiciones y exhibiciones de símbolos propios del juego. La evolución tecnológica ha permitido a las marcas convertirse en herramientas de entretenimiento multiplataforma perdiendo su característica estructura monolítica propia de las identidades visuales clásicas. Su aspecto multiforme y flexible les garantiza mayores posibilidades de integración en las actuales estrategias de comunicación, cada vez más fundadas en narrativas transmedia. Las marcas gráficas entran en los videojuegos, crean sistemas lúdicos propios o se asocian con otras marcas para convertir sus públicos objetivos en gamers. Estas diferentes variantes de combinaciones entre actividades digitales de recreo y lenguajes visuales propios del branding ha ido generando procesos que hemos definido como fake brand gamification. Exploraremos este universo procurando aclarar los términos utilizados en estos contextos para definir las variantes de ludificación aplicada a las marcas. A la vez pretendemos definir un mapa básico de las posibilidades de relación entre juegos y marcas, trazando una taxonomía que pueda plantear futuros desarrollos investigativos.
Diane Bell, Pat Caplan & Wazit Jahan Karim (eds.): Gendered Fields: Women, Men & Ethnography
Authors: Sørensen Ninna Nyberg
Published: September 2021

Diane Bell, Pat Caplan & Wazit Jahan Karim (eds.): Gendered Fields: Women, Men & Ethnography

Anmeldes af Ninna Nyberg Sørensen
Timothy Earle (ed.): Chiefdoms: Power, Economy, and Ideology
Authors: Veber Hanne
Published: September 2021

Timothy Earle (ed.): Chiefdoms: Power, Economy, and Ideology

Anmeldes af Hanne Veber
Filosofia Africana do Encantamento tecida por mulheres negras: poéticas de re-existências para descolonização do conhecimento
Authors: Machado Adilbenia Freire
Published: September 2021

Este artigo tem o objetivo de dialogar com vozes femininas de África e da Diáspora Africana tecendo re-existências desde a Filosofia Africana do Encantamento, refletindo possibilidades plurais e ancestrais para descolonização do conhecimento e promoção de uma educação antirracista. Nesse sentido, caminharemos com a pedagogia da ancestralidade que nos exige modos outros de (re)pensar, refletir, (re)criar, e (re)posicionar-se oriundos de práticas inclusivas e  tecidas por nossos corpos, pelas memórias, conhecimentos ancestrais, saberes e histórias de nossos povos, partindo da ligação ancestral entre corpo, espiritualidade e natureza; e a metodologia dos Odus, que também é uma teoria, implicada em compreender nossas origens, por meio de processos de desconstruções, transições, transformações, encantamento, espaço, tempo e natureza como modos plurais de ser / pensar / existir em busca de contribuir com a descolonização do conhecimento, de nossos corpos  e sentidos. Assim, essa teia será construída em diálogo com o ser-tão que há em nós, com a escuta sensível e a ética do cuidado, considerando que são conceitos delineados pela ancestralidade e pelo encantamento. A filosofia africana contemporânea nasce do encantamento, portanto, é traçada pela ancestralidade, e assim apresenta-se como gestada desde a cabaça ancestral bordada pelos saberes ancestrais femininos. Esses saberes (a)bordam nossas escrevivências, dando sentido às re-existências cotidianas. São saberes experienciados por corpos carregados de sentidos, corpos sagrados, ancestrais. Desse modo, falamos desde cosmopercepções delineadas por cosmossensações de um corpo vivo, que aprende e ensina continuamente. Pois compreendemos que o conhecimento é movimento! O movimento é que proporciona a vida! De modo que os femininos são águas em movimentos ancestrais que permitem a existência do hoje e do amanhã.
Nascer não é igual para todas as pessoas
Authors: Pontes Vívian Volkmer
Published: September 2021

O livro reúne estudos realizados, durante 15 anos, por um grupo de pesquisa, em torno da mais universal e partilhada das realidades humanas: o nascer. A obra é dividida em quatro seções temáticas e cada uma possui capítulos-comentários feitos por pesquisadoras convidadas. Os comentários, além de romperem com a tendência endógena, representam a abertura para outras perspectivas e questões e contemplam uma função avaliativa. Assim, o livro interessa a leitoras e leitores que lidam com o nascer, a maternidade e a paternidade. Interessa a quem pesquisa, a quem atua na atenção à saúde e no cuidado de famílias e a quem pensa a questão da mulher, cuja voz fala mais alto ao longo dos estudos.
An IT System for the Remote Burden Optimization of Foundry Furnaces
Authors: Ziółkowski Eugeniusz
Published: September 2021

The burden calculations for foundry furnaces are one of the most important steps in preparing the production of liquid casting alloys. These calculations, due to the usually large number of input materials and chemical elements, are realized by numerical methods. These methods are implemented in some spreadsheets, universal mathematical programs or in specialized programs for foundry engineering. The paper describes a computerized system for remote calculations of optimal burden. The technological, economic, and organizational features of implementing IT system have been presented, also taking into account its safety of use.
Dermal Discoloration Secondary to Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection Observed in Patients with Autoimmune Disorders
Authors: Wright James A. , Wenz Jessica A. , Madrigal Gabrielle Jackson
Published: September 2021

Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic glucocorticoid used to treat numerous acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. The various side effects of this drug from parenteral administration are well documented in the literature. In this study, three patients present with a rare side effect of violaceous dermal pigmentation. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this finding is rarely presented in the current literature. The purpose of this study is to provide awareness of a less-documented, delayed side effect from triamcinolone acetonide administration. Although all patients presenting in this study had a known history of autoimmune disease (eg, lupus, psoriatic arthritis) further research is needed to suggest a possible association between dermal violaceous change and the use of triamcinolone.
Integrated evaluation of telomerase activation and telomere maintenance across cancer cell lines
Authors: Hu Kevin , Ghandi Mahmoud , Huang Franklin W
Published: September 2021

In cancer, telomere maintenance is critical for the development of replicative immortality. Using genome sequences from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer Project, we calculated telomere content across 1299 cancer cell lines. We find that telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression correlates with telomere content in lung, central nervous system, and leukemia cell lines. Using CRISPR/Cas9 screening data, we show that lower telomeric content is associated with dependency of CST telomere maintenance genes. Increased dependencies of shelterin members are associated with wild-type TP53 status. Investigating the epigenetic regulation of TERT, we find widespread allele-specific expression in promoter-wildtype contexts. TERT promoter-mutant cell lines exhibit hypomethylation at PRC2-repressed regions, suggesting a cooperative global epigenetic state in the reactivation of telomerase. By incorporating telomere content with genomic features across comprehensively characterized cell lines, we provide further insights into the role of telomere regulation in cancer immortality.
Modelling the impact of decidual senescence on embryo implantation in human endometrial assembloids
Authors: Rawlings Thomas M , Makwana Komal , Taylor Deborah M , Molè Matteo A , Fishwick Katherine J , Tryfonos Maria , Odendaal Joshua , Hawkes Amelia , Zernicka-Goetz Magdalena , Hartshorne Geraldine M , Brosens Jan J , Lucas Emma S
Published: September 2021

Decidual remodelling of midluteal endometrium leads to a short implantation window after which the uterine mucosa either breaks down or is transformed into a robust matrix that accommodates the placenta throughout pregnancy. To gain insights into the underlying mechanisms, we established and characterized endometrial assembloids, consisting of gland-like organoids and primary stromal cells. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed that decidualized assembloids closely resemble midluteal endometrium, harbouring differentiated and senescent subpopulations in both glands and stroma. We show that acute senescence in glandular epithelium drives secretion of multiple canonical implantation factors, whereas in the stroma it calibrates the emergence of anti-inflammatory decidual cells and pro-inflammatory senescent decidual cells. Pharmacological inhibition of stress responses in pre-decidual cells accelerated decidualization by eliminating the emergence of senescent decidual cells. In co-culture experiments, accelerated decidualization resulted in entrapment of collapsed human blastocysts in a robust, static decidual matrix. By contrast, the presence of senescent decidual cells created a dynamic implantation environment, enabling embryo expansion and attachment, although their persistence led to gradual disintegration of assembloids. Our findings suggest that decidual senescence controls endometrial fate decisions at implantation and highlight how endometrial assembloids may accelerate the discovery of new treatments to prevent reproductive failure.
Trabajo Social y Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS): cuestión de Derechos Humanos
Authors: López-Carlassare Ana Laura , Millán-Franco Mario , Palma-García María de las Olas
Published: September 2021

La necesidad de la educación en derechos humanos entre los profesionales del Trabajo Social ha sido constatada por diversas investigaciones en la materia. Su papel es relevante para el desarrollo de competencias, actitudes y conocimientos relacionados entre los estudiantes de Pregrado (Grado en el contexto universitario español). De acuerdo con ello, en este estudio se persigue poner en relación el conocimiento que el estudiantado universitario de Trabajo Social alcanza sobre derechos humanos a lo largo de su formación con los contenidos que se recogen en las asignaturas de su plan de estudios. Se emplea un enfoque multimétodo, desde el que se explora la percepción sobre este conocimiento entre estudiantes del Grado en Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Málaga (España), junto con el análisis del plan de estudio que cursan con dicha titulación. Se constata que el estudiantado posee un conocimiento limitado acerca de los ODS y de la Agenda 2030, mientras que los derechos humanos son más conocidos. Se manifiesta la necesidad tanto de potenciar el enfoque de derechos humanos y ODS en la formación recibida como de que las diversas asignaturas que cursan profundicen en la inherente relación entre estos y el Trabajo Social.
The Electropolishing of Additively Manufactured Parts in Titanium: State of the Art
Authors: Acquesta Annalisa , Monetta Tullio
Published: September 2021

Recently, additive manufacturing technologies have begun to play a significant role in the industrial field due to the possibility to build complex, near‐net‐shape, and porous parts, optimizing costs, and time processing. Simultaneously, the high roughness of additively manufactured parts remains a critical drawback, limiting their use like an as‐built component. Therefore, postprocessing treatments are needed. The electropolishing (EP) treatment could be ideal for simple, complex, or porous parts characterized by low surface quality. Herein, it is aimed to provide the state of the EP treatment's art carried out, to date, on additively manufactured parts made of titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy. A scientific literature research on EP of additively manufactured titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy is conducted using the Scopus database. The evaluation of recent research, still very few to date, reveals that a significant reduction of the roughness can also be achieved in complex shape additively manufactured parts. Although the EP is a versatile technique to reduce the roughness of additively manufactured parts, further studies are needed to improve its effectiveness, especially for complex and porous structures, to reduce the environmental impact of the materials used.
The Trapped Charges at Grain Boundaries in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jia Pengcheng , Qin Liang , Zhao Di , Tang Yang , Song Bo , Guo Junhan , Li Xiaomeng , Li Ling , Cui Qiuhong , Hu Yufeng , Lou Zhidong , Teng Feng , Hou Yanbing
Published: September 2021

The performance of perovskite solar cells is greatly affected by the crystallization of the perovskite active layer. Perovskite crystal grains should neatly arrange and penetrate the entire active layer for an ideal perovskite crystallization. These kinds of crystallized perovskite films exhibit fewer defects and longer carrier lifetime, which is beneficial to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells. Here, by testing the residual charge of perovskite solar cells with different crystallization conditions, it is demonstrated that the residual charge exists widely at the grain boundary, which is parallel to the device, and the residual charge is related to the performance of the perovskite solar cells. Single crystal grains neatly arranged and penetrate the entire active layer can generate less residual charge and improve device performance of the perovskite solar cells. The results also show that the long decay time of open‐circuit voltage comes from the detrapping of trapped carriers. The residual charge testing technology provides a new idea for the investigation of carrier trap and detrap characteristics in photovoltaic devices.
Integrated Quasi‐2D Perovskite/Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency over 19% Promoted by Interface Passivation
Authors: Wang Ting , Dong Yixin , Guo Jiahao , Li Qiaohui , Chang Zhitao , Chen Mingqian , Wang Rui , Liu Yongsheng
Published: September 2021

Integrated perovskite/organic solar cells (IPOSCs) have shown great potential in broadening the light absorption range and improving the photovoltaic performance. However, the severe interface charge recombination and unmatched energy levels between perovskite and organic photoactive layers hinder their performance improvement. Here, an efficient interface passivation strategy for IPOSCs based on a layered Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskite and high photovoltaic performance is successfully demonstrated. It is found that an ultrathin conjugated polymer (PM6) layer could passivate the surface defects of perovskite film, tuning the energy level and suppress the nonradiative recombination loss, leading to efficient interface contact between RP perovskite and organic photoactive layers, boosting the open‐circuit voltage from 1.06 to 1.12 V and the efficiency from 17.23% to 19.15%. Importantly, the optimized device shows extended photocurrent response to 930 nm with a peak intensity close to 50% from 800 to 931 nm. The results indicate that interface passivation using a functionalized polymer could be an efficient strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance of integrated devices.
In Situ Generated and Amplified Oxidative Stress with Metallo‐Nanodrug Assembly for Metastatic Cancer Therapy with High Specificity and Efficacy
Authors: Hu Jialing , Jiang Qunying , Shi Tianhui , Lin Xue , Zhao Yun , Wang Xiuyuan , Liu Xiaoqing
Published: September 2021

Combination of anti‐metastasis antagonists with cytotoxic agents has shown clinical activity, yet is constrained with unconditional activation and low tumor selectivity. Here, a chemokine receptor‐targeted metallo‐nanodrug is reported for in situ generated and hyperthermia‐enhanced oxidative stress and metastatic pathway blockade with tumor specificity to treat breast cancer metastasis. The self‐assembled metallo‐nanodrugs trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in situ with tumor stimuli, self‐amplify ROS level upon intrinsic photothermal heating, and accurately block chemokine receptor CXCR4 to suppress tumor cell anti‐apoptosis, migration, and invasion. CXCR4‐targeted metallo‐nanodrugs plus laser irradiation induced complete inhibition of tumor growth in 80% of mice, and caused 92.8% reduction of the number of gross metastatic lung nodules in murine breast carcinoma models. The present work provides an intelligent and bioactivatable platform for precision nanomedicine of metastatic breast cancer.
Electrically Tunable Bifocal Metalens with Diffraction‐Limited Focusing and Imaging at Visible Wavelengths
Authors: Badloe Trevon , Kim Inki , Kim Yeseul , Kim Joohoon , Rho Junsuk
Published: September 2021

Tunable optical devices powered by metasurfaces provide a new path for functional planar optics. In particular, lenses with tunable focal lengths can play a key role in various fields with applications in imaging, displays, and augmented and virtual reality devices. Here, the authors demonstrate an electrically controllable bifocal metalens at visible wavelengths by incorporating a metasurface designed to focus light at two different focal lengths, with liquid crystals to actively manipulate the focal length of the metalens through the application of an external bias. By utilizing hydrogenated amorphous silicon that is optimized to provide an extremely low extinction coefficient in the visible regime, the metalens is highly efficient with measured focusing efficiencies of around 44%. They numerically design and experimentally realize and characterize tunable focusing and demonstrate electrically tunable active imaging at visible wavelengths using the bifocal metalens combined with liquid crystals. Diffraction limited focusing and imaging is verified through the analysis of the measured optical intensities at the focal points and the modulation transfer function. The bifocal metalens is used to demonstrate electrically modulated focus switching between the two designed focal planes, to display images of positive and negative target objects.
Impact of Reconstruction Route on Postoperative Morbidity After Esophagectomy: Analysis of Esophagectomies in the Japanese National Clinical Database
Authors: Kikuchi Hirotoshi , Endo Hideki , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Ozawa Soji , Miyata Hiroaki , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Matsubara Hisahiro , Doki Yuichiro , Kitagawa Yuko , Takeuchi Hiroya
Published: September 2021

Background

Esophagectomy followed by gastric conduit reconstruction is a standard surgical procedure for esophageal cancer. However, there is no evidence of the superiority or inferiority of the posterior mediastinal (PM) versus the retrosternal (RS) reconstruction route with regard to short‐term outcomes after esophagectomy. We aimed to elucidate whether the reconstruction route can affect the short‐term outcomes after esophagectomy followed by gastric conduit reconstruction.

Methods

We reviewed the clinical data of patients who underwent esophagectomy between 2016 and 2018 from the Japanese National Clinical Database. This study included 9786 patients who underwent gastric conduit reconstruction through the PM or RS route with cervical anastomosis.

Results

Of the 9786 patients analyzed, 3478 and 6308 underwent gastric conduit reconstruction thorough the PM and RS routes, respectively. The incidence of anastomotic leak and surgical site infection (SSI) was significantly lower in the PM group than in the RS group (11.7% vs 13.8%, P = .005 and 8.4% vs 14.9%, P < .001, respectively), while the incidence of pneumonia was higher in the PM group (13.7% vs 12.2%, P = .040). Generalized estimating equation logistic regression analysis revealed a higher risk of anastomotic leak and SSI (odds ratio [OR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–1.51; P < .001 and OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.78–2.38; P < .001, respectively) and a lower risk of pneumonia (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75–0.98; P = .028) in the RS group than in the PM group.

Conclusion

The findings of this study will help surgeons to design the reconstruction route following esophagectomy.
Neanderthal‐derived genetic variation in living humans relates to schizophrenia diagnosis, to psychotic symptom severity, and to dopamine synthesis
Authors: Gregory Michael D. , Eisenberg Daniel P. , Hamborg Madeline , Kippenhan J. Shane , Kohn Philip , Kolachana Bhaskar , Dickinson Dwight , Berman Karen F.
Published: September 2021

Schizophrenia has been hypothesized to be a human‐specific condition, but experimental approaches to testing this idea have been limited. Because Neanderthals, our closest evolutionary relatives, interbred with modern humans prior to their disappearance from the fossil record, leaving a residual echo that survives in our DNA today, we leveraged new discoveries about ancient hominid DNA to explore this hypothesis in living people in three converging ways. First, in four independent case–control datasets totaling 9,362 individuals, individuals with schizophrenia had less Neanderthal‐derived genetic variation than controls (p = .044). Second, in 49 unmedicated inpatients with schizophrenia, having more Neanderthal admixture predicted less severe positive symptoms (p = .046). Finally, using 18F‐fluorodopa PET scanning in 172 healthy individuals, having greater Neanderthal introgression was significantly associated with lower dopamine synthesis capacity in the striatum and pons (p's < 2 × 10−5), which is fundamentally important in the pathophysiology and treatment of psychosis. These results may help to elucidate the evolutionary history of a devastating neuropsychiatric disease by supporting the notion of schizophrenia as a human‐specific condition. Additionally, the relationship between Neanderthal admixture and dopamine function suggests a potential mechanism whereby Neanderthal admixture may have affected our gene pool to alter schizophrenia risk and/or course.
Resistance and remembering through rock art: Contact‐period rock art in Wardaman country, Northern Australia
Authors: Kelly Madeleine A. ,   Wardaman Indigenous Protected Area
Published: September 2021

Although notions of resistance are not new in rock art research concerning cross‐cultural colonial encounters, this study shows how multiple dimensions of Indigenous resistance can be explored through a multidisciplinary analysis of rock art in northern Australia. The study explores the intersections between introduced “Western” and pre‐existing “traditional” motifs in rock art near Yingalarri waterhole in Wardaman Country, Northern Territory, analysing the visual conventions and superimpositions with an eye towards Wardaman epistemological engagements with rock art and experiences of colonial occupation. These intersections reveal further dimensions of Wardaman responses to colonial occupation, including the negotiation of shifting inter‐regional relationships and engagements with Country as well as the continued emphasis on inherited artistic practices. The study also explores the continuing role that rock art, and its interpretation, plays in Indigenous colonial resistance. Wardaman discussions of introduced motifs documented during the 1988–1991 Earthwatch project brought the paintings out of the past, giving them contemporary significance via kinship connections and narratives of survival that challenge colonial efforts to erase Indigenous experiences of early colonial contact and occupation. The paper contributes to archaeological understandings of inter‐regional connections between northern Australian rock art regions and rock art production and discussion as a means for Aboriginal resistance and remembrance after the arrival of Europeans.
Autofluorescence of blood and its application in biomedical and clinical research
Authors: Shrirao Anil B. , Schloss Rene S. , Fritz Zachary , Shrirao Mayur V. , Rosen Robert , Yarmush Martin L.
Published: September 2021

Autofluorescence of blood has been explored as a label free approach for detection of cell types, as well as for diagnosis and detection of infection, cancer, and other diseases. Although blood autofluorescence is used to indicate the presence of several physiological abnormalities with high sensitivity, it often lacks disease specificity due to use of a limited number of fluorophores in the detection of several abnormal conditions. In addition, the measurement of autofluorescence is sensitive to the type of sample, sample preparation, and spectroscopy method used for the measurement. Therefore, while current blood autofluorescence detection approaches may not be suitable for primary clinical diagnosis, it certainly has tremendous potential in developing methods for large scale screening that can identify high risk groups for further diagnosis using highly specific diagnostic tests. This review discusses the source of blood autofluorescence, the role of spectroscopy methods, and various applications that have used autofluorescence of blood, to explore the potential of blood autofluorescence in biomedical research and clinical applications.
Conceptualizing learning about proteins with a molecular viewer in high school based on the integration of two theoretical frameworks
Authors: Levkovich Ohad , Yarden Anat
Published: September 2021

The use of a molecular viewer to visualize proteins has become more prevalent in high schools in recent years. We relied on the foundations of two theoretical frameworks to analyze questions in two learning tasks designed for 10th‐ to 12th‐grade biotechnology majors that make use of Jmol. The two theoretical frameworks were: (i) classification of scientific knowledge into content, procedural, and epistemic knowledge; and (ii) evaluation of the cognitive skills central to visual literacy in biochemistry. During the analysis, two sub‐elements of procedural knowledge emerged from the data: (i) the visualization of molecular models, and (ii) the use of Jmol software features. Based on the theoretical frameworks and data analysis, we suggest a conceptualization of learning about proteins using a molecular viewer, where the scientific knowledge elements are integrated with the eight cognitive skills central to visual literacy in biochemistry. In addition, a model presenting a hierarchy for the knowledge elements and sub‐elements is suggested. In this model, content knowledge is a basic requirement; without it, the other knowledge elements cannot be used. Moreover, the use of epistemic knowledge or Jmol software features is not possible without visualization of the molecular models, which requires content knowledge. This conceptualization is expected to facilitate the development of learning tasks, decrease the complexity of knowledge acquisition for students; it may also assist the teacher during the teaching process.