Measuring Collective Action Intention Toward Gender Equality Across	Cultures
Authors: Besta Tomasz , Jurek Paweł , Olech Michał , Włodarczyk Anna , Kosakowska-Berezecka Natasza , Bosson Jennifer K. , Bender Michael , Vandello Joseph A. , Abuhamdeh Sami , Agyemang Collins B. , Akbaş Gülçin , Albayrak-Aydemir Nihan , Ammirati Soline , Anderson Joel , Anjum Gulnaz , Ariyanto Amarina , Aruta John J. B. R. , Ashraf Mujeeba , Bakaitytė Aistė , Becker Maja , Bertolli Chiara , Bërxulli Dashamir , Best Deborah L. , Bi Chongzeng , Block Katharina , Boehnke Mandy , Bongiorno Renata , Bosak Janine , Casini Annalisa , Chen Qingwei , Chi Peilian , Cubela Adoric Vera , Daalmans Serena , Dandy Justine , de Lemus Soledad , Dhakal Sandesh , Dvorianchikov Nikolay , Egami Sonoko , Etchezahar Edgardo , Esteves Carla S. , Froehlich Laura , Garcia–Sanchez Efrain , Gavreliuc Alin , Gavreliuc Dana , Gomez Ángel , Guizzo Francesca , Graf Sylvie , Greijdanus Hedy , Grigoryan Ani , Grzymała-Moszczyńska Joanna , Guerch Keltouma , Gustafsson Sendén Marie , Hale Miriam-Linnea , Hämer Hannah , Hirai Mika , Hoang Duc Lam , Hřebíčková Martina , Hutchings Paul B. , Høj Jensen Dorthe , Hoorens Vera , Jasinskaja-Lahti Inga , Karabati Serdar , Kelmendi Kaltrina , Kengyel Gabriella , Khachatryan Narine , Ghazzawi Rawan , Kinahan Mary , Kirby Teri A. , Kovács Monika , Kozlowski Desiree , Krivoshchekov Vladislav , Kulich Clara , Kurosawa Tai , Lac An Nhan T. , Labarthe Javier , Latu Ioana , Lauri Mary A. , Mankowski Eric , Musbau Lawal Abiodun , Li Junyi , Lindner Jana , Lindqvist Anna , Makarova Elena , Makashvili Ana , Malayeri Shera , Malik Sadia , Mancini Tiziana , Manzi Claudia , Mari Silvia , Martiny Sarah E. , Mayer Claude-Hélène , Mihić Vladimir , Milošević Đorđević Jasna , Moreno-Bella Eva , Moscatelli Silvia , Moynihan Andrew B. , Muller Dominique , Narhetali Erita , Neto Félix , Noels Kimberly A. , Nyúl Boglárka , O’Connor Emma C. , Ochoa Danielle P. , Ohno Sachiko , Olanrewaju Adebayo Sulaiman , Osborne Randall , Pacilli Maria G. , Palacio Jorge , Patnaik Snigdha , Pavlopoulos Vassilis , Pérez de León Pablo , Piterová Ivana , Porto Juliana B. , Ferrara Angelica P. , Pyrkosz-Pacyna Joanna , Rentería Pérez Erico , Renström Emma , Rousseaux Tiphaine , Ryan Michelle K. , Safdar Saba , Sainz Mario , Salvati Marco , Samekin Adil , Schindler Simon , Seydi Masoumeh , Shepherd Debra , Schmader Toni , Simão Cláudia , Sobhie Rosita , Sobiecki Jurand , De Souza Lucille , Sarter Emma , Sulejmanović Dijana , Sullivan Katie E. , Tatsumi Mariko , Tavitian-Elmadjian Lucy , Jain Thakur Suparna , Thi Mong Chi Quang , Torre Beatriz , Torres Ana , Torres Claudio V. , Türkoğlu Beril , Ungaretti Joaquín , Valshtein Timothy , Van Laar Colette , van der Noll Jolanda , Vasiutynskyi Vadym , Vauclair Christin-Melanie , Venäläinen Satu , Vohra Neharika , Walentynowicz Marta , Ward Colleen , Yang Yaping , Yzerbyt Vincent , Zanello Valeska , Zapata-Calvente Antonella L. , Zawisza Magdalena , Žukauskienė Rita , Żadkowska Magdalena 
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Collective action is a powerful tool for social change and is fundamental to women and girls’ empowerment on a societal level. Collective action towards gender equality could be understood as intentional and conscious civic behaviors focused on social transformation, questioning power relations, and promoting gender equality through collective efforts. Various instruments to measure collective action intentions have been developed, but to our knowledge none of the published measures were subject to invariance testing. We introduce the gender equality collective action intention (GECAI) scale and examine its psychometric isomorphism and measurement invariance, using data from 60 countries ( N = 31,686). Our findings indicate that partial scalar measurement invariance of the GECAI scale permits conditional comparisons of latent mean GECAI scores across countries. Moreover, this metric psychometric isomorphism of the GECAI means we can interpret scores at the country-level (i.e., as a group attribute) conceptually similar to individual attributes. Therefore, our findings add to the growing body of literature on gender based collective action by introducing a methodologically sound tool to measure collective action intentions towards gender equality across cultures.