bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approach bias modification training to increase physical activity: A pilot randomized controlled trial in healthy volunteers
Authors: Preis Mira A , Zellerhoff Marisa , Brockmeyer Timo
Published: April 2020

Regular physical activity is associated with better physical and mental health outcomes as well as higher quality of life. This pilot randomized controlled trial examined whether approach bias modification, an economical and easily accessible computerized cognitive training, could increase objectively and subjectively measured physical activity in individuals aiming for more physical activity. Forty healthy volunteers of normal weight were randomly allocated to six sessions of approach bias modification or no treatment. The approach bias modification adopted an implicit learning paradigm that trained participants to show approach behavior in response to visual cues of physical activity. Approach bias modification did not increase objectively and subjectively measured physical activity.
An experimental study of the influence of a moving person on airflow characteristics and thermal conditions with diffuse ceiling ventilation
Authors: Zhao Weixin , Lestinen Sami , Kilpeläinen Simo , Kosonen Risto
Published: April 2020

The influence of occupants'’ movements should be considered when analysing local thermal comfort. This study presents the effect of human movement on airflow characteristics and local thermal conditions with diffuse ceiling ventilation by experimental studies. A simulated person moving was used to study the human movement in an office. In these experiments, three moving speeds were studied: 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 m/s. The simulated person moved in four cycle patterns: continuous moving and with 5 s, 10 s and 15 s interval breaks between each turn. Three heat gain levels of 40, 60 and 80 W/m2 were evaluated in the chamber. The results indicate that the human movement decreased vertical temperature gradient compared with the steady-state condition. Instead, the moving intervals would have no effect on the vertical air temperature gradient. The power spectral density was increased by 90% due to the person movement compared with the steady-state condition. The moving person would create different micro-environments close to work stations than close to the moving area.
Conceptualizing different forms of news processing following incidental news contact: A triple-path model
Authors: Wieland Mareike , Kleinen-von Königslöw Katharina
Published: April 2020

Research on incidental news exposure in the context of social media focuses on ‘successful’ incidental news exposure – when unintended news contacts result in active engagement and knowledge gains. However, we lack both theoretical and empirical approaches to the far more likely case that people keep on scrolling through their newsfeed without any post triggering active engagement. To fill this gap, the article conceptualizes a triple-path model of incidental news exposure on social media as a process. Building upon the Cognitive Mediation Model, dual system theories on information processing and recent empirical findings, three different pathways of incidental news processing are identified: automatic, incidental and active. The triple-path model thus allows to theorize the learning potentials that can plausibly be expected from each incidental news exposure path as a starting point for future research.
Undermining teaching: How education consultants view the impact of high-stakes test preparation on teaching
Authors: Farvis John , Hay Stephen
Published: April 2020

The outcomes of high-stakes tests (HST) in New York schools have consequences for teachers and administrators, as students’ results became quality indicators for school administration and instruction. Education consultant’s views offer an independent perspective of the HST environment. Data were collected from education consultants through a survey and interviews. Findings linked HST with reduced teacher control in instructional planning, curriculum narrowing and increased test preparation. These practices were associated with decreased collaboration and increased teacher and administrator stress. Foucault’s “governmentality” and concepts of neoliberal education policy framed aspects of the study. This study indicates that the consequences of HST require critical interrogation as HST practices have adverse impacts on teacher and administrator agency and student outcomes.
Providing antifouling properties to fishing nets with encapsulated econea
Authors: Kartal Gülşah Ekin , Sarıışık Ayşe Merih
Published: April 2020

Aquaculture is usually carried out in cage nets made of textile materials. Fouling organisms settle on the cage nets over time, close the mesh openings, and cause unwanted weight gain. In order to prevent this problem, fishing nets or cages are treated with antifouling paints. Therefore, there is a great need for developing eco-friendly antifouling biocides since negative ecological effects have been proven for the current antifouling biocides and paints. In this study, it was aimed to take advantage of the slow and sustained release of microcapsule technology. For this purpose, econea active agent (an eco-friendly antifouling chemical) was encapsulated with spray-dryer method, carried out capsule optimization studies, and impregnated to the ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene fishing nets with two different binders as polyurethane and acrylic. Fishing nets, which transferred microcapsules, were compared with a commercial copper oxide-based dye. Microcapsule-treated and untreated net samples were immersed in a marine ecosystem next to an aquaculture zone for six months in the Aegean Sea. Fouling organisms on nets were observed by taking underwater photographs at periodic intervals. Physical tests (tensile strength, variation in mass) were performed on the nets before and after the treatment with microcapsules. Solidity of the nets and analyses of fouling organisms were examined after the field study. These results show that copper-free eco-friendly antifouling microcapsules are effective against the fouling mechanism. The novel ecofriendly formulation has promising results, and slightly dissolving versions of studied ecofriendly microcapsules could be an alternative for copper-based antifouling biocides.
An experimental investigation for the temperature effect on the bending properties of multiaxial warp-knitted composite
Authors: Gao Xiaoping , Yang Xiaori , Wu Xianyan , Ma Pibo
Published: April 2020

An experimental study of bending properties of composites reinforced with triaxial and quadaxial warp-knitted glass fabrics was carried out in the 0°, 45°, and 90° directions at −30°C, 0°C, 20°C, and 40°C, respectively. The relationships between the stress–strain curves, bending strength, bending modulus, and temperature were obtained. The failure mechanisms at different temperatures were also analyzed based on the fracture morphologies and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The results indicated that the bending properties decrease slightly with the increase in temperature from −30°C to 20°C and decrease dramatically from 20°C to 40°C. The ultimate bending strength of triaxial and quadaxial warp-knitted composites decreases approximately 31.34% and 34.29%, respectively. In particular, the relationships between bending strength and temperature were also obtained by nonlinear fitting with the experimental data, which could be used to predict the bending behavior at different temperatures.
Effect of drug-coated balloons versus bare-metal stents on endothelial function in patients with severe lower limb peripheral artery disease
Authors: Shafe Omid , Moosavi Jamal , Shishehbor Mehdi H , Sedigh Hamid , Bakhshandeh Hooman , Mahboubian Farzane , Alilou Sanam , Rafatnia Shirin , Sadeghipour Parham
Published: April 2020

Background

Research shows impaired endothelial function in patients with vascular diseases and improved endothelial function following revascularization and medical treatment. There is, however, a dearth of data on the effects of different endovascular therapeutic strategies on endothelial function. We sought to compare the effects of two endovascular strategies of drug-coated balloons versus stenting on endothelial function.

Methods

The reactive hyperemia index, the ankle-brachial index, and the toe-brachial index were measured in patients undergoing endovascular revascularization preprocedurally and on the 90th postprocedural day. After adjusting for baseline line characteristics, reactive hyperemia index were compared between the two groups at baseline and at 90 days.

Results

Between January 2018 and March 2019, 86 patients were prospectively included in a non-randomized manner. Drug-coated ballooning alone was carried out on 46 patients, and bailout stenting after plain balloon angioplasty was performed on the remaining 40 patients The post-revascularization reactive hyperemia index exhibited a significant rise in both groups (1.58 ± 0.21 vs. 1.43 ± 0.20; P =  0.0001). There was no difference in the postprocedural reactive hyperemia index between the two treatment groups. Additionally, the follow-up reactive hyperemia index showed no significant change compared with the postprocedural reactive hyperemia index (1.58 ± 0.23 vs. 1.57 ± 0.22). The results of subgroup analysis between a group of clinically high-risk patients and a group of patients with complex lesions were similar to the aforementioned results.

Conclusions

The reactive hyperemia index was significantly improved by endovascular therapy in our study population. However, no difference was observed between drug-coated ballooning and bare-metal stenting, which highlights the effects of vessel patency on endothelial function.
Instagram: A platform for ultrasound education?
Authors: Alsafi Nour , Alsafi Ali
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Social media has become an integral part of our daily life with 38 million users in the UK alone and the average user being logged-in for 135 minutes daily. Social media is increasingly used to disseminate learning in a variety of fields including medicine.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the proportion of Instagram posts using #ultrasound for educational content and compare this with #radiology. We also aimed to assess the changes in the use of the newly introduced #UltrasoundEd for ultrasound education since its introduction in November 2018.

Methods

Instagram searches were conducted using the hashtags: #ultrasound and #radiology, and the content of the first 100 posts from each search was analysed and classified into being either social or educational. A second search using #UltrasoundEd was conducted at baseline, 3 months and 12 months. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical data.

Results

The searches retrieved 461,884 #ultrasound and 243,011 #radiology posts. From the first 100 #ultrasound posts, 11 were educational and 89 were social. The social posts predominantly related to announcements of pregnancy. Of the 100 #radiology posts, 49 were educational, while 51 were classified as social. The number of posts with the hashtag #UltrasoundEd increased over the study period from 15 to 232, with the majority of posts being educational.

Conclusions

Educational ultrasound content is difficult to separate from social posts on Instagram. The use of the hashtag #UltrasoundEd makes educational ultrasound content more readily identifiable.
Generalising reconsolidation: Spatial context and prediction error
Authors: Kiley Christopher , Parks Colleen M
Published: April 2020

Activating a previously consolidated memory trace brings it back into a labile state where it must then undergo a re-stabilisation process known as reconsolidation. During this process memories are susceptible to interference and may be updated with new information. In the studies showing this effect in human episodic memory, the reconsolidation process has been triggered primarily using spatial context or prediction error manipulations to reactivate an established memory. However, these studies have produced conflicting results, showing both that spatial context is necessary and sufficient to trigger reconsolidation and that prediction error is necessary and sufficient to trigger the process. We examined this conflict in two experiments, one investigating the role of context cues and another investigating the role of prediction error. In Experiment 1, spatial context triggered a reconsolidation process and prediction error was irrelevant. In Experiment 2, prediction error triggered reconsolidation, and spatial context cues were irrelevant. These findings replicate prior research but add to the puzzle concerning the roles of these two means of triggering reconsolidation.
The role of emoticons in sarcasm comprehension in younger and older adults: Evidence from an eye-tracking experiment
Authors: Howman Hannah Elizabeth , Filik Ruth
Published: April 2020

We present an eye-tracking experiment examining moment-to-moment processes underlying the comprehension of emoticons. Younger (18–30) and older (65+) participants had their eye movements recorded while reading scenarios containing comments that were ambiguous between literal or sarcastic interpretations (e.g., But you’re so quick though). Comments were accompanied by wink emoticons or full stops. Results showed that participants read earlier parts of the wink scenarios faster than those with full stops, but then spent more time reading the text surrounding the emoticon. Thus, readers moved more quickly to the end of the text when there was a device that may aid interpretation but then spent more time processing the conflict between the superficially positive nature of the comment and the tone implied by the emoticon. Interestingly, the wink increased the likelihood of a sarcastic interpretation in younger adults only, suggesting that perceiver-related factors play an important role in emoticon interpretation.
The developmental profile of temporal binding: From childhood to adulthood
Authors: Lorimer Sara , McCormack Teresa , Blakey Emma , Lagnado David A , Hoerl Christoph , Tecwyn Emma C , Buehner Marc J
Published: April 2020

Temporal binding refers to a phenomenon whereby the time interval between a cause and its effect is perceived as shorter than the same interval separating two unrelated events. We examined the developmental profile of this phenomenon by comparing the performance of groups of children (aged 6–7, 7–8, and 9–10 years) and adults on a novel interval estimation task. In Experiment 1, participants made judgements about the time interval between (a) their button press and a rocket launch, and (b) a non-causal predictive signal and rocket launch. In Experiment 2, an additional causal condition was included in which participants made judgements about the interval between an experimenter’s button press and the launch of a rocket. Temporal binding was demonstrated consistently and did not change in magnitude with age: estimates of delay were shorter in causal contexts for both adults and children. In addition, the magnitude of the binding effect was greater when participants themselves were the cause of an outcome compared with when they were mere spectators. This suggests that although causality underlies the binding effect, intentional action may modulate its magnitude. Again, this was true of both adults and children. Taken together, these results are the first to suggest that the binding effect is present and developmentally constant from childhood into adulthood.
An investigation of young children’s science and aesthetic learning through a science aesthetic thematic curriculum: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Chen Yu-Ting
Published: April 2020

Aesthetic education can be integrated into students’ everyday lives and into different learning areas. Its integration into science education is also valued in schools. Using mixed methods, this study investigated young children’s science and aesthetic learning in a science aesthetic thematic curriculum in a preschool classroom in Taiwan. The participants were two preschool teachers and 24 five-year-old children. Data sources included the children’s pre-test and post-test assessments, observations, interviews, children’s worksheets and artwork, and teaching reflection notes. The preschool teachers applied Dewey’s aesthetic experience to organise the thematic curriculum. The results showed that the curriculum had significant positive influences on the children’s science cognitive abilities and aesthetic abilities. Most of the children increased their interest in science learning. This study provides a lens through which to examine children’s science and aesthetic learning in a thematic curriculum, and also a reference for early childhood science education.
Rapid diffusion-weighted MRI for the investigation of recurrent temporal bone cholesteatoma
Authors: Kavanagh Richard G , Liddy Stephen , Carroll Anne G , Purcell Yvonne M , Smyth Anna E , Khoo S Guan , McNeill Graeme , Malone Dermot E , Killeen Ronan P
Published: April 2020

Background

Suspected cholesteatoma recurrence is commonly investigated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the temporal bone. Non-echo planar diffusion-weighted imaging (non-EP DWI) has become the sequence of choice.

Purpose

To assess the agreement between an MRI protocol incorporating both non-EP DWI and contrast-enhanced sequences, and a shortened protocol without contrast-enhanced sequences in the assessment of suspected cholesteatoma recurrence.

Materials and methods

One hundred consecutive MRIs, consisting of T2-weighted, non-EP DWI and pre- and post-contrast T1-weighted sequences, were reviewed by two radiologists at a tertiary referral centre. Agreement between the two protocols was assessment by means of a weighted Cohen kappa coefficient.

Results

We found a near perfect agreement between the two protocols (kappa coefficient with linear weighting 0.98; 95% confidence interval 0.95–1.00). There were two cases in which the two protocols were discordant. In both cases, the lesion measured <3 mm and images were degraded by artefact at the bone–air interface. The shortened protocol without post-contrast sequences yielded a 32% reduction in acquisition time.

Conclusion

When non-EP DWI is available, contrast-enhanced sequences can be omitted in the vast majority of cases without compromising diagnostic accuracy. Contrast-enhanced sequences may provide additional value in equivocal cases with small (<3 mm) lesions or in cases where images are degraded by artefact.
Successful treatment of painful chronic wounds with amniotic and umbilical cord tissue: A case series
Authors: Acevedo Pablo
Published: April 2020

Patients with chronic wounds may experience persistent, debilitating pain that cannot be adequately managed with analgesics and that negatively impacts their quality of life. In this case series, three painful chronic and ischemic wounds that were caused by polyarteritis nodosa vasculitis ( n = 1) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) ( n = 2) were successfully treated with cryopreserved umbilical cord tissue and/or amniotic membrane and umbilical cord particulate, resulting in notable reduction in pain within 7 days followed by expedited wound closure. No adverse events related to these tissue products were observed. These preliminary data demonstrate its safety and efficacy in reducing pain and promoting wound healing in painful chronic and ischemic wounds.
Transabdominal ultrasonography: A non-invasive method for diagnosing vaginal atrophy
Authors: Kanmaz Ahkam Göksel , İnan Abdurrahman Hamdi , Beyan Emrah , Budak Adnan , Töz Emrah , Alan Murat , Özeren Mehmet
Published: April 2020

Objective

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause is a definition of all symptoms caused by hypoestrogenemia in menopausal age and one of the most common symptoms is vaginal atrophy. The diagnosis methods which are used for vaginal atrophy may be painful. A novel method total vaginal thickness and total mucosal thickness measuring could be determine vaginal atrophy.

Material and methods

This is a prospective case–control study involving 60 women in each group of 120 patients. One of the groups is comprised postmenopausal, histopathologically diagnosed vaginal atrophic women and the other group comprised 24–35 aged women who were no symptoms of vaginal atrophy and vaginal swab samples are not compatible with vaginal atrophy. All women who participated in the study underwent transabdominal ultrasound and total vaginal thickness and total mucosal thickness were measured.

Results

Total vaginal thickness and total mucosal thickness were found lower in the postmenopausal group compared to premenopausal women ( p = 0.005 and p = 0.07, respectively). The cutoff value was determined as 8.55 mm for total vaginal thickness and 1.52 mm for total mucosal thickness, and the diagnostic power of these values is a specificity of 88.89% (95% confidence interval: 51.75–99.72%) and a ppv of 92.86% (95% confidence interval: 66.53–98.84%) for total vaginal thickness and a specificity of 80.95% (95% confidence interval: 58.09–94.55%) and a ppv of 89.47% (95% confidence interval: 71.10–96.71%) for total mucosal thickness.

Conclusion

Vaginal atrophy is a painful symptom for menopausal women and the diagnostic methods may be invasive and painful too. Total vaginal thickness and total mucosal thickness measuring with transabdominal ultrasound could be an alternative method for diagnosis and treat vaginal atrophy easily.
Unpacking the Political Effects of Social Movements With a Strong Digital Component: The Case of #IdleNoMore in Canada
Authors: Richez Emmanuelle , Raynauld Vincent , Agi Abunya , Kartolo Arief B.
Published: April 2020

While many scholars have studied collective action with a strong social media component led by marginalized groups, few have unpacked how this form of political engagement captures the attention of established political elites and, in some cases, influences the mainstream political narrative and policy outcomes. Fewer have focused on the political impact of social media-intensive Indigenous protest movements. This article addresses these gaps in the academic literature. It does so by examining the online and offline impact of the Indigenous-led Idle No More movement at the federal level in Canada. To evaluate the movement’s effects on the public political narrative on Indigenous-related issues, this article reviews the content of the House of Commons Question Period before and after the emergence of the movement in December 2012. To measure Idle No More’s impact on policy outcomes, this article compares federal budgets and the volume of policy proposals pertaining to Indigenous Affairs introduced in the years preceding the beginning of the movement to those that came in the years following it. Semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders are also conducted to better comprehend the political impact of the movement. The study posits that protests coincided with momentary changes to the salience of Indigenous policy issues, but not with significant policy outcomes in that area.
Cybervetting and the Public Life of Social Media Data
Authors: Gruzd Anatoliy , Jacobson Jenna , Dubois Elizabeth
Published: April 2020

The article examines whether and how the ever-evolving practice of using social media to screen job applicants may undermine people’s trust in the organizations that are engaging in this practice. Using a survey of 429 participants, we assess whether their comfort level with cybervetting can be explained by the factors outlined by Petronio’s communication privacy management theory: culture, gender, motivation, and risk-benefit ratio. We find that respondents from India are significantly more comfortable with social media screening than those living in the United States. We did not find any gender-based differences in individuals’ comfort with social media screening, which suggests that there may be some consistent set of norms, expectations, or “privacy rules” that apply in the context of employment seeking—irrespective of gender. As a theoretical contribution, we apply the communication privacy management theory to analyze information that is publicly available, which offers a unique extension of the theory that focuses on private information. Importantly, the research suggests that privacy boundaries are not only important when it comes to private information, but also with information that is publicly available on social media. The research identifies that just because social media data are public, does not mean people do not have context-specific and data-specific expectations of privacy.
The accuracy of different FRAX tools in predicting fracture risk in Japan: A comparison study.
Authors: Xu Gang , Yamamoto Norio , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Takeuchi Akihiko , Miwa Shinji , Igarashi Kentaro , Taniguchi Yuta , Araki Yoshihiro , Yonezawa Hirotaka , Morinaga Sei , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: April 2020

Introduction:

The web version of Fracture Risk Assessment (FRAX) tool is widely used in many countries to predict the 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture (MF) and hip fracture (HF) rate. However, other FRAX tools, calculator older version (first generation), calculator new version (second generation), and application of mobile software had also been used in Japan.

Purpose:

The aim of this study is to investigate the consistency of results obtained from the four predicting tools for MF and HF rate in both male and female groups.

Methods:

The data were extracted from 2016 medical examination report of Japanese Ministry of Health of Labor and Welfare. The MF and HF rates were calculated from 40 to 90 years old under different risk factors using four FRAX tools while the consistency of predicting value was evaluated.

Results:

The predicted MF or HF rates were extremely similar among calculator new version, mobile software, and website version in each risk factors. On other hand, for calculator older version, the predicted MF or HF rates are a little higher than other versions. The significant difference is only present in patients aged 75 and above, and this exceeds the FRAX threshold older than 75 years old by Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Conclusions:

The application of four FRAX tools generated consistent results in predicting the 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture and HF for clinical practice, which provides an effective evidence for clinical application.
Politics and Social Consciousness in Bankim Literature in the context of Lokrahasya: A Post-Colonial Reading of a ‘Colonial’ Text
Authors: Mukherji Arpita
Published: April 2020

The very title of the article suggests a journey back in not only time but politico-socio-cultural situation as well. The ‘Text’ taken for consideration is a piece of colonial literature in terms of the period of its creation; the ideas within it, however, can be seen from a ‘postcolonial’ perspective, in a period which is again ‘post-colonial’. The author Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay continuously juxtaposes the ‘colonialist’ and the ‘colonized’ in a series of metaphors, comparing one with the other. In the context, at one level creates a critique of colonialism; at a deeper level he shows how the processes of colonialism have been appropriated by the ‘colonized’ through both acceptance of, and, resistance to colonialism. Subversion of the ‘superior’ by the ‘inferior’ is a recurrent theme. Finally, his project was cultural regeneration of a colonized society—his own—by imbibing the best elements of both the Orient and the Occident.
Simple Linear Calculating Method of Glenoid Bone Defects Using 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography Based on an East Asian Population in China
Authors: Chen Xing-zuo , Liu Tong-xi , Chen Ying , Du Lei , Liu Wei-fang , Lin Peng
Published: April 2020

Background:

The evaluation of glenoid bone defects in the preoperative stage for patients with anterior shoulder instability is critical for surgical decision making. A novel method that predicts the intact glenoid width based purely on the measurement of the glenoid height has been advocated. Despite the convenience, all studies to date have focused on the Western population, and there is no similar research based on an East Asian population.

Purpose:

To determine the relationship between glenoid height and width in an East Asian population.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Spiral computed tomography (CT) scans of both sides of the shoulder joints were obtained from 205 patients of Han nationality (China) who had no history of shoulder trauma or pain. The maximal height and width of each glenoid were measured on the en face view by 2 radiologists who were blinded to each other’s results. Pearson correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression were calculated from all data measured to evaluate the relationship between maximal glenoid height and width between the sexes.

Results:

A total of 205 patients (410 shoulder CT scans) were analyzed. The mean glenoid height was 34.45 ± 2.82 mm, and the mean glenoid width was 23.35 ± 2.40 mm. There was a statistical difference between male and female patients with regard to glenoid height (36.61 vs 32.39 mm, respectively; t = 9.76; P < .001) and width (25.26 vs 21.54 mm, respectively; t = 20.73; P < .001). Analysis of the measured glenoid height and width demonstrated a strong linear correlation of 0.82 ( R 2 = 0.68; P < .001) for the entire cohort and similarly strong linear correlations when each sex was analyzed separately. For male patients, the glenoid width was measured as: glenoid height × 0.50 + 7 mm ( R 2 = 0.36; P < .001); for female patients, the glenoid width was measured as: glenoid height × 0.45 + 7 mm ( R 2 = 0.31; P < .001).

Conclusion:

In an East Asian population, the mean glenoid height and width were 34.45 and 23.35 mm, respectively. The formulas that represent the relationship between glenoid width and height for male and female patients are the following: glenoid width = glenoid height × 0.50 + 7 mm and glenoid width = glenoid height × 0.45 + 7 mm, respectively.
Optimizing the Double-Row Construct: An Untied Medial Row Demonstrates Equivalent Mean Contact Pressures in a Rotator Cuff Model
Authors: Stone Austin V. , Luo T. David , Sharma Aman , Danelson Kerry A. , De Gregorio Michael , Freehill Michael T.
Published: April 2020

Background:

The merits of a double-row rotator cuff repair (RCR) construct are well-established for restoration of the footprint and lateral-row security. The theoretical benefit of leaving the medial row untied is to prevent damage to the rotator cuff by tissue strangulation, and the benefit of suture tape is a more even distribution of force across the repair site. These benefits, to our knowledge, have not been evaluated in the laboratory.

Hypothesis:

Leaving the medial row untied and using a suture bridge technique with suture tape will offer more even pressure distribution across the repair site without compromising total contact force.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A laboratory model of RCR was created using biomechanical research-grade composite humeri and human dermal allografts. The pressure distribution in a double-row suture bridge repair construct was analyzed using the following testing matrix: double-loaded suture anchors with the medial row tied (n = 15) versus untied (n = 15) compared with double-loaded suture tape and anchors with the medial row tied (n = 15) versus untied (n = 15). A digital pressure sensor was used to measure pressure over time after tensioning of the repair site. A multivariate analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis with post hoc testing.

Results:

The total contact force did not significantly differ between constructs. The contact force between double-loaded suture anchors and double-loaded suture tape and anchors was similar when tied ( P = .15) and untied ( P = .44). An untied medial row resulted in similar contact forces in both the double-loaded suture anchor ( P = .16) and double-loaded suture tape and anchor ( P = .25) constructs. Qualitative increases in focal contact pressure were seen when the medial row was tied.

Conclusion:

An untied medial row did not significantly affect the total contact force with double-loaded suture anchors and with double-loaded suture tape and anchors. Tying the medial row qualitatively increased crimping at the construct’s periphery, which may contribute to tissue strangulation and hinder clinical healing. Qualitative improvements in force distribution were seen with double-loaded suture tape and anchors.

Clinical Relevance:

Both tied and untied medial rows demonstrated similar pressures across the repair construct.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: High failure rate after Beta-tricalcium phosphate grafting for the treatment of femoral head osteonecrosis: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Liu Pei , Mu Xiao-hong , Yu Hua-chen , Guan Jian-lei , Liu Zhao-hui , Wang Wei-guo , Zhang Qi-dong , Guo Wan-shou
Published: April 2020

Background

Non-vascularized bone grafting is a promising head-preserving technique for younger patients diagnosed as non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH). Among the various types of bone grafting techniques, “light-bulb” procedure grafting with synthetic bone substitute is an attractive option. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of using beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) for the treatment of pre-collapse and early post-collapse lesions NONFH.

Methods

From April 2010 to June 2014, 33 patients (47 hips) with NONFH were treated using the afore-mentioned technique. The clinical and radiological outcomes were recorded and compared statistically between pre- and post-operation. Harris hip score (HHS) was used to evaluate the clinical results, and Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) stage was applied to assess the radiological outcomes.

Results

The 5-years survival rate of using β-TCP grafting was accounting for 25.5%. HHS was decreased from 78.47 to 52.87 points, and a very significant worsening of radiological results were revealed (P <  0.05). Two hips collapsed more than 2 mm were awaiting for THA, and 33 of the 47 hips had converted to THAs in an average time to failure of 24.24 months postoperatively. Meanwhile, only 4 hips survived without collapse, and 8 hips collapsed less than 2 mm. After surgery, the time onset of head collapse was 3.65 months on average, and the first conversion to THA was performed at 5 months postoperative.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that “light-bulb” procedure grafting with β-TCP sticks presented with a high failure rate in the early postoperative period. It is not proposed for the treatment of pre-collapse and early post-collapse lesions NONFH.
No functional differences in anatomic reconstruction with one vs. two suture anchors after non-simultaneous bilateral distal biceps brachii tendon rupture: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Weißenberger Manuel , Heinz Tizian , Rueckl Kilian , Rudert Maximilian , Klug Alexander , Hoffmann Reinhard , Schmidt-Horlohé Kay
Published: April 2020

Background

Surgical reattachment of the tendon is still the gold standard for ruptures of the distal biceps brachii tendon. Several fixation techniques have been described in the literature, with suture anchors being one of the most common fixation techniques. Currently, there is no data available on how many anchors are required for a safe and stable refixation. In this case report clinical data of a patient with non-simultaneous bilateral distal biceps tendon ruptures treated with a different number of suture anchors for each side (one vs. two) are demonstrated.

Case presentation

A 47-year-old factory worker suffered a rupture of the distal biceps tendon on both arms following two different occasions. The left side was fixed using a single suture anchor, while refixation on the right side was performed with two anchors.

The patient was prospectively followed for one year. Functional outcome was assessed using the Andrews Carson Score (ACS), the Oxford Elbow Score (OES), and the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Score after six, twelve, 24 and 48 weeks. Furthermore, an isokinetic strength measurement for flexion strength was performed after 24 and 48 weeks.

After 48 weeks the patient presented with excellent functional outcome scores and no follow-up complications. During the follow-up period, no differences in the functional scores nor in the isokinetic flexion strength measurement could be detected. Furthermore, no radiological complications (like heterotopic ossifications) could be detected in the postoperative radiographs after one year.

Conclusions

Anatomic reattachment of the distal biceps tendon is a successful operative treatment option for distal biceps tendon ruptures. Suture anchor fixation remains one of the most common techniques, as it allows fast surgery and provides good results with respect to range of motion (ROM) and functional scoring according to the current literature. However, the number of anchors required for a stable fixation remains unclear. As indicated by our presented case, we hypothesize, that there are no significant differences between a one-point or a two-point fixation. In the presented case report, no intraindividual differences between the usage of one versus two suture anchors were evident in the short-term follow-up.
Hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium improved blood glucose, liver enzymes and lipid profile compared to metformin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Rezaei Shahla , Ashkar Fatemeh , Koohpeyma Farhad , Mahmoodi Marzieh , Gholamalizadeh Maryam , Mazloom Zohreh , Doaei Saeid
Published: April 2020

Background

Recent studies have reported that herbal extracts may have some protective effect against the complications of diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Achillea millefolium hydroalcoholic extract in comparison to metformin on liver damage, lipid abnormality, and glycemic control in diabetic rats.

Methods

Rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups of 10 animals. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to 4 groups of rats. Three groups of diabetic rats were given 250 mg/kg/day metformin, 25 mg/kg/day Achillea millefolium hydroalcoholic extract, or 100 mg/kg/day of this extract. Two non-diabetic groups were also given either 25 mg/kg/day or 100 mg/kg/day Achillea millefolium extract. Normal control and diabetic control rats received 1 mL/day of normal saline. Treatments were administered through oral gavage for 28 days. At the end, rats were anesthetized with ether and their serum samples were separated in order to measure blood glucose, serum total protein, lipids, and liver enzymes.

Results

There was a significant reduction in blood glucose, serum liver enzymes, triglycerides, and total- and LDL-cholesterol levels of the Achillea millefolium extract-treated groups compared to the other groups. In addition, there was a significant increment in body weight and HDL-cholesterol serum level in the Achillea millefolium-treated groups.

Conclusion

Achillea millefolium extract compared to metformin reduces lipid abnormality, blood glucose and liver enzymes in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Future clinical studies are warranted to confirm our experimental findings in humans.
Imaging biomarkers in neurodegeneration: current and future practices
Authors: Young Peter N. E. , Estarellas Mar , Coomans Emma , Srikrishna Meera , Beaumont Helen , Maass Anne , Venkataraman Ashwin V. , Lissaman Rikki , Jiménez Daniel , Betts Matthew J. , McGlinchey Eimear , Berron David , O’Connor Antoinette , Fox Nick C. , Pereira Joana B. , Jagust William , Carter Stephen F. , Paterson Ross W. , Schöll Michael
Published: April 2020

There is an increasing role for biological markers (biomarkers) in the understanding and diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders. The application of imaging biomarkers specifically for the in vivo investigation of neurodegenerative disorders has increased substantially over the past decades and continues to provide further benefits both to the diagnosis and understanding of these diseases. This review forms part of a series of articles which stem from the University College London/University of Gothenburg course “Biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases”. In this review, we focus on neuroimaging, specifically positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), giving an overview of the current established practices clinically and in research as well as new techniques being developed. We will also discuss the use of machine learning (ML) techniques within these fields to provide additional insights to early diagnosis and multimodal analysis.
Identification of key genes and pathways in syphilis combined with diabetes: a bioinformatics study
Authors: Li Wei , Luo Chunyi , Xie Xiaoping , Xiao Yongjian , Zhao Feijun , Cai Jialun , Zhou Xiangping , Zeng Tiebing , Fu Bo , Wu Yimou , Xiao Xinhua , Liu Shuangquan
Published: April 2020

We noticed that syphilis patients seem to be more susceptible to diabetes and the lesions often involve the kidneys, but the pathogenesis is not yet completely understood. In this study, microarray analysis was performed to investigate the dysregulated expressed genes (DEGs) in rabbit model of syphilis combined with diabetes. A total of 1045 genes were identified to be significantly differentially expressed, among which 571 were up-regulated and 474 were down-regulated (≥ 2.0fold, p < 0.05). Using the database visualization and integration discovery for the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. The downregulated DEGs were significantly enriched for biosynthesis of antibiotics, carbon metabolism and protein digestion, while the upregulated DEGs were mainly enriched for cancer and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plugins were used to visualize protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs and Screening for hub genes and gene modules. ALB, FN1, CASP3, MMP9, IL8, CTGF, STAT3, IGF1, VCAM-1 and HGF were filtrated as the hub genes according to the degree of connectivity from the PPI network. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to comprehensively identify the expression patterns of dysregulated genes in syphilis combined with diabetes, providing a basis for revealing the underlying pathogenesis of syphilis combined with diabetes and exploring the goals of therapeutic intervention.
Competition, Product Proliferation, and Welfare: A Study of the US Smartphone Market
Authors: Fan Ying , Yang Chenyu
Published: April 2020

This paper studies (1) whether, from a welfare point of view, oligopolistic competition leads to too few or too many products in a market, and (2) how a change in competition affects the number and the composition of product offerings. We address these two questions in the context of the US smartphone market. Our findings show that this market contains too few products and that a reduction in competition decreases both the number and variety of products. These results suggest that product choice adjustment may exacerbate the welfare effect of a merger. (JEL D43, G34, K21, L13, L41, L63)
Post stroke depression and its effects on functional rehabilitation of patients: socio-cultural disability communities
Authors: Argyriadis Alexandros , Fylaktou Christodoulos , Bellou-Mylona Panagiota , Gourni Maritsa , Asimakopoulou Evanthia , Sapountzi-Krepia Despina
Published: April 2020

Background: Stroke is considered to be the third, most frequent cause of death and the leading cause of disability in Western societies. Apart from physical problems, stroke can cause psychological and social problems, too as post Stroke Depression (PSD) which is the most common emotional disorder that usually occurs in the first months, in about 1/3 of patients surviving after stroke.Aim: To describe the frequency of post stroke depression (PSD) and its effects on functional recovery of patients.Method: A systematic review was conducted on databases MEDLINE, PUBMED, CINAHL, and the web using Google Scholar.Results: Thirty articles were retrieved, from 2000 and onwards which met the selection criteria. According to the results, PSD is a common and serious complication after stroke. Approximately 1/3 of the patients have a type of depression in the first year after stroke, with the risk increasing, the first months of the onset of stroke. The researchers suggest that there is a collaborative relationship between stroke and depression, which leads to inability to perform activities of daily living and slows the rehabilitation of patients.Conclusion: Early detection of PSD and the implementation of appropriate therapeutic interventions in rehabilitation units help to speed up the recovery process and reintegration of patients into society.
Use of the informational spectrum methodology for rapid biological analysis of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: prediction of potential receptor, natural reservoir, tropism and therapeutic/vaccine target
Authors: Veljkovic Veljko , Vergara-Alert Júlia , Segalés Joaquim , Paessler Slobodan
Published: April 2020

A novel coronavirus recently identified in Wuhan, China (SARS-CoV-2) has expanded the number of highly pathogenic coronaviruses affecting humans. The SARS-CoV-2 represents a potential epidemic or pandemic threat, which requires a quick response for preparedness against this infection. The present report uses the informational spectrum methodology to identify the possible origin and natural host of the new virus, as well as putative therapeutic and vaccine targets. The performed in silico analysis indicates that the newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and, to a lesser degree, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV. Moreover, the well-known SARS-CoV receptor (ACE2) might be a putative receptor for the novel virus as well. Actin protein was also suggested as a host factor that participates in cell entry and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2; therefore, drugs modulating biological activity of this protein (e.g. ibuprofen) were suggested as potential candidates for treatment of this viral infection. Additional results indicated that civets and poultry are potential candidates for the natural reservoir of the SARS-CoV-2, and that domain 288-330 of S1 protein from the SARS-CoV-2 represents promising therapeutic and/or vaccine target.
Elitização de amenidades naturais: contradições e poder no espaço urbano de Santa Cruz do Sul - RS
Authors: Frohlich Camila Pohl , Silveira Rogério Leandro Lima da , Krampe Márcia Estela Daltoé da Silva , Machado Luciano Franco
Published: April 2020

O trabalho se ancora em uma análise acerca da produção do espaço urbano de Santa Cruz do Sul (RS) tangenciada à sua relação com as amenidades naturais na promoção imobiliária. A cidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, nestes termos, localizada na mesorregião centro-oriental do Rio Grande do Sul, constitui-se como polo regional da região do Vale do Rio Pardo, desempenhando a condição de principal nó de comando e articulação da rede urbana regional. Como tal, tem influenciado outras cidades no processo de urbanização e produção imobiliária, com destaque à proliferação dos condomínios e loteamentos fechados de luxo. O estudo foi organizado com base na dissertação de mestrado da autora principal, cuja pesquisa foi realizada no ano de 2014, abarcando o início do processo de constituição dos modos de morar confinados, nesta cidade, como marco temporal. Os resultados desta pesquisa compreendem, assim, a totalidade dos loteamentos e condomínios fechados aprovados entre 1996 a 2012, sendo o montante do período pontuado em treze glebas. Doze destas tratam-se de produções de luxo. Ironicamente, esta totalidade se constituiu apoderada no Cinturão Verde, amenidade natural do município. Nestes termos, a investigação foi pontuada por entrevistas semiestruturadas e investigação documental, interpretadas com base na análise de conteúdo. Quando se relaciona os resultados da pesquisa com os dispositivos do Estatuto das Cidades, percebe-se que a diretriz de justa distribuição tem direcionando o bônus para interesses específicos - ao invés da coletividade. Assim, poucos sinais de mudança são percebidos com relação à função social das propriedades, prevista na Carta Magna. As demandas sociais e os aspectos tangentes da consolidação da cidadania são pormenorizadas - como se restritas ao acesso à comida e à edificação de moradia per se.