bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tragverhalten von plattenartigen Tragelementen mit ein‐ und mehrlagigen Faltungen aus Feinblech
Authors: Trautz Martin , Herkrath Ralf , Puppa Giovanni Della , Buffart Henry
Published: March 2013

Der Einsatz von Feinblech für tragende Konstruktionen im Bauwesen ist bisher weniger weit verbreitet und beschränkt sich in Form von Halbzeugen auf Well‐ oder Falzbleche oder auf Sonderbauweisen wie etwa geodätische Kuppeln, hemisphärische, in Anlehnung an Polyedergeometrien gefaltete Hüllen aus dünnem Blech. Neben solchen räumlich gekrümmten Faltkonstruktionen, deren Lastabtragung – ähnlich Schalentragwerken – überwiegend über Normalkraftbeanspruchung erfolgt, sind auch biegebelastete Tragwerke aus gefalteten dünnen Blechen in Kombination mit ebenen Blechen in einer oder in mehreren Lagen als Leichtbaukonstruktion denkbar. Entscheidend für die Effizienz in Bezug auf das Tragverhalten solcher so genannter Faltleichtbauplatten ist einerseits die Wahl der Faltungstypologie und Faltungsausbildung hinsichtlich Faltungshöhe und ‐frequenz, andererseits die Wahl der Blechdicke. Letztere hängt von der lokalen Beulgefahr und den Spannungen ab. Um das statisch nutzbare Potential solcher biegebeanspruchter Tragelemente aus Feinblech auszuloten, werden im vorliegenden Artikel die Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen im Rahmen einer Parameterstudie an ein‐ und mehrlagigen Longitudinal‐ und Punktfaltungen auf ihre auf das Eigengewicht bezogene Tragfähigkeit vorgestellt, Konstruktionsgrundsätze abgeleitet und Einsatzmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt.

Load‐bearing characteristics of plate‐like elements with single and multi‐layered folded structures of steel sheets. The application of steel sheet for load‐bearing constructions is currently rather uncommon. Nowadays, steel sheet for load‐bearing constructions is only used for corrugated sheeting or for special constructions such as geodesic domes; hemispherical, folded envelopes made out of thin steel sheet that have been invented by the architect R. Buckminster Fuller. Beside these spatially‐curved folding constructions, whose load is mainly transferred by axial force, bearing structures composed out of thin, folded sheets with one or more layers as a light‐weight structure are also possible. Crucial for their load bearing behavior and their efficiency is on the one hand the choice of the folding typology regarding folding height and frequency and on the other hand the sheet thickness, which depends on the local load factor. The present article shows the potential of bending‐loaded bearing structures by presenting the results of parametric studies. In the context of these parametric studies, single‐ and multi‐layered longitudinal foldings and point foldings made of steel sheet have been examined towards their bearing capacity. Construction principles as well as potential uses have also been perused.
Theory and case study of vehicle load identification based on BWIM of steel truss bridge
Authors: Chen Weizhen , Yang Guang
Published: March 2013

In China recent accidents involving sudden collapses of bridges have aroused great concern about real traffic loads and the loadbearing capacities of existing bridges. However, the proper management of such bridges relies on accurate information on bridge operating loads, which is essential for assessing correctly the operation and safety of bridges. Therefore, this paper proposes an integrated load identification system for operating traffic which is based on the characteristics of a steel truss bridge, i.e. the finite distribution of stress influence lines of suspender and orthotropic steel deck, and employs the BWIM (bridge weigh‐in‐motion) technique to establish the functional relationship between vehicle load and stress history as well as the functional relationship between axle load and stress history.

To verify the system, a stress monitoring case study was carried out on two steel truss bridges under both controlled and normal traffic conditions. In the case of controlled traffic, monitored information is used to back‐calculate vehicle load and axle load. The load information is then compared with a synchronous video recording of the traffic to check back‐calculated data about vehicle weight, vehicle speed, wheel weight and the deviation between lateral distribution and actual condition, coupling the relationship between vehicle load and corresponding axle load in order to assure the validity of the identification system established. In the case of normal traffic, monitored stress data are used to back‐calculate vehicle load, axle load, vehicle speed and wheel lateral distribution, which are further analysed to work out a probability distribution so that it can directly help assess the real load capacity and fatigue life of the bridges.
Exhumation of the southern Pyrenean fold‐thrust belt (Spain) from orogenic growth to decay
Authors: Rushlow Caitlin R. , Barnes Jason B. , Ehlers Todd A. , Vergés Jaume
Published: March 2013

The deformation and exhumation history of an orogen reflects the interactions between tectonic and surface processes. We investigate orogenic wedge deformation, erosion, and sedimentation in the Pyrenees by (a) quantifying the spatiotemporal patterns of exhumation across the southern fold‐thrust belt (FTB) with bedrock apatite fission track (AFT) thermochronology and (b) comparing the results with existing deformation, exhumation, and sedimentation chronologies. Eighteen new samples record exhumation during and after orogenesis between 90 and 10 Ma. Rocks from the range core (Axial Zone) record rapid exhumation that progresses east to west and north to south, consistent with patterns of tectonically driven uplift. Synorogenic sediments shed into piggyback basins on the southern fold‐thrust belt during mountain building retain a detrital exhumation signal from the Axial Zone. In contrast, samples from other structural positions record exhumation of the thin‐skinned Pyrenean thrust sheets, suggesting sediment burial and heating of sufficient magnitudes to reset the AFT system (>~3 km). In some locations, exhumation of these fold‐thrust structures is likely an erosional response to thrust‐driven rock uplift. We identify an exhumation phase ~25–20 Ma that occurs along the central and eastern Spanish Pyrenees at the boundary between thick‐ and thin‐skinned portions of the wedge. We suggest that this distributed exhumation event records (a) a taper response in the southern orogenic wedge to sediment loading and/or (b) a shift to wetter, stormier climate conditions following convergence‐driven uplift and full topographic development. A final exhumation phase between ~20 and 10 Ma may record the excavation of the southern fold‐thrust system following base level lowering in the Ebro Basin.
Estimating snow water equivalent from GPS vertical site‐position observations in the western United States
Authors: Ouellette Karli J. , de Linage Caroline , Famiglietti James S.
Published: March 2013

Key Points

Seasonal land surface deformation is observed in the Western U.S.

Crustal loading by the snowpack dominates the observed seasonal deformation

GPS observations may be inverted to estimate snow water equivalent
Toward the virtual stomach: progress in multiscale modeling of gastric electrophysiology and motility
Authors: Du Peng , O'Grady Gregory , Gao Jerry , Sathar Shameer , Cheng Leo K.
Published: March 2013

Experimental progress in investigating normal and disordered gastric motility is increasingly being complimented by sophisticated multiscale modeling studies. Mathematical modeling has become a valuable tool in this effort, as there is an ever‐increasing need to gain an integrative and quantitative understanding of how physiological mechanisms achieve coordinated functions across multiple biophysical scales. These interdisciplinary efforts have been particularly notable in the area of gastric electrophysiology, where they are beginning to yield a comprehensive and integrated in silico organ modeling framework, or ‘virtual stomach’. At the cellular level, a number of biophysically based mathematical cell models have been developed, and these are now being applied in areas including investigations of gastric electrical pacemaker mechanisms, smooth muscle electrophysiology, and electromechanical coupling. At the tissue level, micro‐structural models are being creatively developed and employed to investigate clinically significant questions, such as the functional effects of ICC degradation on gastrointestinal (GI) electrical activation. At the organ level, high‐resolution electrical mapping and modeling studies are combined to provide improved insights into normal and dysrhythmic gastric electrical activation. These efforts are also enabling detailed forward and inverse modeling studies at the ‘whole body’ level, with implications for diagnostic techniques for gastric dysrhythmias. These recent advances, together with several others highlighted in this review, collectively demonstrate a powerful trend toward applying mathematical models to effectively investigate structure–function relationships and overcome multiscale challenges in basic and clinical GI research. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2013, 5:481–493. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1218

This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models

Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Diagnostic Methods

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
Synthesis, Magnetism, and Thermostability of a Series of Two‐Dimensional Lanthanide–Nickel Heterometallic Coordination Polymers
Authors: Chen Wen‐Xian , Zhuang Gui‐Lin , Wu Shu‐Ting
Published: March 2013

A series of Ln–Ni heterometallic coordination polymers, {[Ln2Ni(MIDA)4(H2O)6](H2O)4} (Ln = La (1), Ce (2), Pr (3), and Nd (4); H2MIDA = N‐methyl‐iminodiacetic acid), were obtained under hydrothermal conditions. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed that they feature two‐dimensional isomorphic frameworks, which could be viewed as the construction by one‐dimensional {Ln}n chain connecting by bridges of [Ni(MIDA)2]2. The magnetic measurements reveal that compounds 2–4 exhibit antiferromagnetic properties. TGA results indicate compounds 1 and 4 have good thermostability with the critical temperature of 375 °C.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of a New Calcium(II) Complex of 1,10‐Phenanthroline, 1,2,4,5‐Benzenetetracarboxylic Acid, and a New Precursor to Produce Pure Phase Micro‐crystalline Calcite Particles
Authors: Wu Gang , Zhang Shou‐Quan , Guo Li
Published: March 2013

The self‐assembly of 1, 0‐phenanthroline (phen) and 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylic acid(H4btc) with Ca(NO3)2 gives rise to a two‐dimensional network structure coordination polymer, [Ca(phen)(btc)0.5(H2O)] (1), which was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. This compound is monoclinic, space group C2/c, with Z = 8 in a unit cell with dimensions a = 21.744(3) Å, b = 10.0151(12) Å, c = 14.7122(17) Å, β = 110.2850(10)°. The structure contains one crystallographic unique CaII atom, one phen coordinated molecule and a half of btc4– anion. The phen molecule acts as a didentate ligand chelating with a CaII atom, whereas the btc4– anion acts as a μ6‐bridge linking six different CaII atoms to form a two‐dimensional network with (4, 4) topological structure. The three dimensional stacking structures are formed by C–H···O hydrogen bonding and π–π interaction. The thermal stability and fluorescent properties of 1 were investigated. Calcite particles are produced by calcination of compound 1 at 580 °C. The obtained calcite was characterized by XRD and SEM analyses.
Synthesis, Structure Characterization, and Optical Properties of the Aluminosilicate Li2Na3AlSi2O8
Authors: Han Shujuan , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua , Wang Ying , Zhang Bingbing , Zhang Min , Huang Zhenjun , Dong Lingyun , Yu Hongwei
Published: March 2013

The aluminosilicate Li2Na3AlSi2O8 was crystallized from the Li2CO3–H3BO3 flux system. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmca, with cell dimensions a = 14.1045 (19) Å, b = 14.7054 (19) Å, c = 7.0635 (9) Å, and Z = 8. The crystal structure consists of a two‐dimensional infinite layer, which is composed of [Al2Si2O12] groups and [SiO4] tetrahedra. The lithium and sodium atoms filling in the interlayer and intralayer link the layers together and balance the charge. IR spectroscopy and BVS calculations were used to verify the validity of the structure. The calculated band structures and the density of states of Li2Na3AlSi2O8 suggest that its direct gap is 4.28 eV.
Magnesium and Cadmium in Covalently‐Bonded Lonsdaleite Networks: Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of AETMg2 and SrTCd2 (AE = Ca, Sr; T = Pd, Ag, Pt, Au)
Authors: Kersting Marcel , Johnscher Michael , Matar Samir F. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: March 2013

The alkaline earth metal compounds AETMg2 and AETCd2 (AE = Ca, Sr; T = Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) were synthesized by induction‐melting (or in muffle furnaces) of the elements in sealed niobium ampoules. The new phases were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction. The structures of SrPdMg2 and SrPdCd2 were investigated by X‐ray diffraction on single crystals: MgCuAl2 type, Cmcm, a = 436.42(4), b = 1130.1(1), c = 820.54(7) pm, wR2 = 0.0115, 511 F2 values for SrPdMg2 and a = 443.5(2), b = 1063.0(2), c = 810.2(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0296, 386 F2 values for SrPdCd2 with 16 variables for each refinement. The magnesium and cadmium atoms build up [TMg2] and [TCd2] polyanionic networks, which leave cavities for the calcium and strontium atoms. The bonding variations within the polyanions, which are mainly influenced by the length of the b axis are discussed. Ab initio calculations of electronic structure, charge densities, and chemical bonding, characterize SrPdMg2 with a larger cohesive energy than SrPdCd2. This is illustrated by larger bonding Pd–Mg interactions, opposite to compensating Pd–Cd between bonding and antibonding states.
Local Structure of Nanoscopic Magnesium Hydroxide ­Fluorides Studied by Natural Abundance 25Mg Solid State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Scholz Gudrun , Heidemann Detlef , Kemnitz Erhard
Published: March 2013

Along with X‐ray diffraction measurements, 25Mg solid state NMR experiments were performed in natural abundance at 9.4 T on crystalline and mechanically milled samples of MgO, Mg(OH)2, MgF2, and magnesium hydroxide fluorides Mg(OH)xF2–x prepared on mechanochemical and sol‐gel syntheses routes. In addition to single pulse and spin‐echo sequences, both static 1H‐25Mg CP and 19F‐25Mg CP measurements allowed the registration of 25Mg spectra in attractive short measurement times. Although an assignment of different magnesium species in magnesium hydroxide fluorides is only hardly possible, position and line shapes of 25Mg spectra of magnesium hydroxide fluorides reflect chemically reliable trends. All samples studied here show a sixfold fluorine, oxygen, or mixed fluorine / oxygen coordination of magnesium, also in highly disordered samples.
Magnesiation of N‐Methyl‐1, 3‐propylenediaminoboryl Ferrocene
Authors: Reichert Adelina , Schmidt Jurema , Bolte Michael , Wagner Matthias , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram
Published: March 2013

N‐methyl‐1, 3‐propylenediaminoboryl ferrocene (1‐H) was obtained by a three‐step synthesis: i) At first ferrocene was reacted with BBr3 to give dibromoboryl ferrocene (FcBBr2). ii) In a second step FcBBr2 was transformed into FcB(OMe)2 by treatment of FcBBr2 with Me3SiOMe. iii) Finally reaction of FcB(OMe)2 with H2NCH2CH2CH2NMeH yielded the boryl ferrocene 1‐H. In addition we examined the metalation of 1‐H with magnesium 2, 2, 6, 6‐tetramethylpiperidide (TMP) and mixtures of Li(TMP)/Mg(TMP)2. The reaction of 1‐H with 0.5 equivalent of Mg(TMP)2 yielded quantitatively the homoleptic complex Mg[1]2 whereas metalation of 1‐H with 1.5 and 2 equivalents of Mg(TMP)2 gave product mixtures. However, N,N'‐dimethyl‐1, 3‐propylenediaminoboryl ferrocene (1‐Me) and the ortho‐methylated derivatives 2‐Me and 3‐Me (3‐Me bears additionally one Me group in 1′‐postion) could be identified after derivatization with Me2SO4. The metalated ferrocene derivative (Li2(THP)2Mg3(TMP)2[3]2) which is bearing one Li and one Mg atom in the ortho‐position and a further two Mg atoms in N‐ and 1′‐positions, was formed in good yield by treatment of 1‐H with an excess of a 1:2 mixture of Li(TMP) and Mg(TMP)2 in tetrahydropyran (THP). Single crystals of the racemic complex Li2(THP)2Mg3(TMP)2[3]2 were available by gas‐phase diffusion of hexane into a concentrated THP solution at ambient temperature (space group C2/c). The crystal structure of Li2(THP)2Mg3(TMP)2[3]2 displays a racemic dimer of the Rp‐ and the Sp‐enantiomer.
Automatic spin-entangled decays of heavy resonances in Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Artoisenet Pierre , Frederix Rikkert , Mattelaer Olivier , Rietkerk Robbert
Published: March 2013

Abstract

We present a general method that allows one to decay narrow resonances in Les Houches Monte Carlo events in an efficient and accurate way. The procedure preserves both spin correlation and finite width effects to a very good accuracy, and is therefore particularly suited for the decay of resonances in production events generated at next-to-leading-order accuracy. The method is implemented as a generic tool in the Mad-Graph5 framework, giving access to a very large set of possible applications. We illustrate the validity of the method and the code by applying it to the case of single top and top quark pair production, and show its capabilities on the case of top quark pair production in association with a Higgs boson.
Adjuvant Hepatic Intra‐arterial Iodine‐131‐Lipiodol Following Curative Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Chung A. Y. F. , Ooi L. L. P. J. , Machin D. , Tan S. B. , Goh B. K. P. , Wong J. S. , Chen Y. M. , Li P. C. N. , Gandhi M. , Thng C. H. , Yu S. W. K. , Tan B. S. , Lo R. H. G. , Htoo A. M. M. , Tay K. H. , Sundram F. X. , Goh A. S. W. , Chew S. P. , Liau K. H. , Chow P. K. H. , Tay K. H. , Tan Y. M. , Cheow P. C. , Ho C. K. , Soo K. C.
Published: March 2013

Background

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether intrahepatic injection of 131I‐lipiodol (Lipiodol) is effective against recurrence of surgically resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

From June 2001 through March 2007, this nationwide multi‐center prospective randomized controlled trial enrolled 103 patients 4–6 weeks after curative resection of HCC with complete recovery (52: Lipiodol, 51: Control). Follow‐up was every 3 months for 1 year, then every 6 months. Primary and secondary endpoints were recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively, both of which were evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier technique and summarized by the hazard ratio (HR). The design was based on information obtained from a similar trial that had been conducted in Hong Kong.

Results

The Lipiodol group showed a small, and nonsignificant, improvement over control in RFS (HR = 0.75; 95 % confidence interval [95 % CI] 0.46–1.23; p = 0.25) and OS (HR = 0.88; 95 % CI 0.51–1.51; p = 0.64). Only two serious adverse events were reported, both with hypothyroidism caused by 131I‐lipiodol and hepatic artery dissection during angiography.

Conclusions

The randomized trial provides insufficient evidence to recommend the routine use of 131I‐lipiodol in these patients.
Lessons for Surgeons in the Final Moments of Air France Flight 447
Authors: Bhangu Aneel , Bhangu Sonia , Stevenson James , Bowley Douglas M.
Published: March 2013

Background

All surgeons make mistakes, and learning from critical incidents may help improve performance. The present study aimed to highlight lessons for surgeons from analysis of the final moments of Air France Flight 447. All of the authors work in teams and situations where safety, technical performance, and non‐technical skills are critical. This review was born out of discussions regarding the events of Flight 447; specifically, whether the airline disaster was relevant to their work, and whether they could learn anything from it.

Methods

The study is based on review of the crash reports of Flight 447, which lost flight speed indication after formation of ice prevented air from entering flight speed indicators during a storm. Following a subsequent stall, the aircraft fell at a rate of >10,000 feet/min until it crashed into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 228 passengers and crew.

Results

There were errors in decision making, reasoning, communication, and teamwork. Such non‐technical skills failures have been recognized previously and can be addressed by existing non‐technical skills training. A reliance on autopilot meant that the pilots were unfamiliar with high‐altitude flying when the autopilot is disengaged. They were unprepared for and affected by such a sudden and serious problem; an event called “surprise and startle” by the accident investigation. The absence of the senior pilot (who was on a scheduled break) in the critical final minutes slowed error recognition and recovery.

Conclusions

Unintended consequences of modern safety strategies may be under‐recognized and can lead to adverse events. Both simulation‐based and non‐simulation–based training should include “surprise and startle” events beyond the scenarios trainees might expect. Likewise, in the face of increasing reliance on modern technology, surgeons should ensure that they would be able to perform procedures in the absence of such technologies. Specific training may improve surgeons’ non‐technical skills, and recognition of such skills could also be used to help select future surgeons.
Impact of Skin Grafting of Venous Leg Ulcers on Functional Status and Pain
Authors: Salomé Geraldo Magela , Ferreira Lydia M.
Published: March 2013

Background

Disability and pain were assessed in patients with venous leg ulcers treated with split‐thickness skin grafts to evaluate to what extent skin grafting improves functional status in this population.

Methods

A prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter case–control study was conducted from July 2008 to December 2010 in two hospitals in Brazil. One hundred patients with venous leg ulcers were divided into two treatment groups of 50 patients each: the control group (conservative treatment) and the surgery group (skin grafting). Patients were assessed at baseline (day 0) and on days 30, 90, and 180. Disability was measured with the Disability Index of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ‐DI). The visual analog scale (VAS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) were used to assess pain.

Results

Surgery group patients reported significantly lower (p = 0.0001) overall HAQ‐DI scores (lower disability levels) 180 days postoperatively (HAQ‐DI = 0.18) compared with baseline (HAQ‐DI = 2.65); mean overall HAQ‐DI scores for control patients was 1.70 on day 180, with a significant difference between groups (p = 0.0001). The surgery group showed significant improvement on all HAQ‐DI categories and reported significantly lower pain intensity (VAS pain scores) on days 30, 90, and 180 compared with controls (p = 0.0001). The MPQ was used to assess the sensory, affective, evaluative, and miscellaneous dimensions of pain in the two groups; there were significant differences between groups on days 30, 90, and 180 (p = 0.0001).

Conclusions

Patients with venous leg ulcers treated with split‐thickness skin grafts showed improvement in functional status compared with controls.
Complementary Use of Resection and Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Colorectal Liver Metastases: An Analysis of 395 Patients
Authors: Agcaoglu Orhan , Aliyev Shamil , Karabulut Koray , El‐Gazzaz Galal , Aucejo Federico , Pelley Robert , Siperstein Allan E. , Berber Eren
Published: March 2013

Background

Liver resection and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are two surgical options in the treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM). The aim of this study was to analyze patient characteristics and outcomes after resection and RFA for CLM from a single center.

Methods

Between 2000 and 2010, 395 patients with CLM undergoing RFA (n = 295), liver resection (n = 94) or both (n = 6) were identified from a prospective IRB‐approved database. Demographic, clinical and survival data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

RFA patients had more comorbidities, number of liver tumors and a higher incidence of extrahepatic disease compared to the Resection patients. The 5‐year overall actual survival was 17 % in the RFA, 58 % in the Resection group (p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, multiple liver tumors, dominant lesion >3 cm, and CEA >10 ng/ml were independent predictors of overall survival. Patients were followed for a median of 20 ± 1 months. Liver and extrahepatic recurrences were seen in 69 %, and 29 % of the patients in the RFA, and 40 %, and 19 % of the patients in the Resection group, respectively.

Conclusions

In this large surgical series, we described the characteristics and oncologic outcomes of patients undergoing resection or RFA for CLM. By having both options available, we were able to surgically treat a large number of patients presenting with different degrees of liver tumor burden and co‐morbidities, and also manage liver recurrences in follow‐up.
An update on serine deficiency disorders
Authors: van der Crabben S. N. , Verhoeven‐Duif N. M. , Brilstra E. H. , Van Maldergem L. , Coskun T. , Rubio‐Gozalbo E. , Berger R. , de Koning T. J.
Published: March 2013

Serine deficiency disorders are caused by a defect in one of the three synthesising enzymes of the L‐serine biosynthesis pathway. Serine deficiency disorders give rise to a neurological phenotype with psychomotor retardation, microcephaly and seizures in newborns and children or progressive polyneuropathy in adult patients. There are three defects that cause serine deficiency of which 3‐phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3‐PGDH) deficiency, the defect affecting the first step in the pathway, has been reported most frequently. The other two disorders in L‐serine biosynthesis phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT) deficiency and phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP) deficiency have been reported only in a limited number of patients. The biochemical hallmarks of all three disorders are low concentrations of serine in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Prompt recognition of affected patients is important, since serine deficiency disorders are treatable causes of neurometabolic disorders. The use of age‐related reference values for serine in CSF and plasma can be of great help in establishing a correct diagnosis of serine deficiency, in particular in newborns and young children.
Deforestation in central Chile causes a rapid decline in landscape connectivity for a forest specialist bird species
Authors: Vergara Pablo M. , Pérez‐Hernández Christian G. , Hahn Ingo J. , Soto Gerardo E.
Published: March 2013

The abundance of woodland birds in fragmented forest landscapes may depend on the properties of patch networks. Understanding the consequences of deforestation on woodland birds, therefore, necessarily requires determining which changes in landscape structure make a major contribution to the degradation and subdivision of patch networks. In this study, we addressed how accelerated deforestation in central Chile has modified the landscape structure and function for thorn‐tailed rayaditos—a woodland specialist bird. Using a graphical approach based on the habitat use and movement patterns of rayaditos, we quantified the reduction of the internal connectivity of components (i.e., connected patch networks) in the last two decades and determined the main mechanisms responsible for this connectivity loss. Forest cover decreased 61.7 % between 1989 and 2009. The component size, the fraction of components with ≥1 occupied patches and the number of patches per component experienced a large decline during the study period. Over time, most forest cover (ca. 80 %) was contained in only two components. The connectivity of components decreased steeply by 90 %. Only the loss of large patches made a highly significant contribution to explaining changes in connectivity, while the removal of stepping stones was marginally significant. The conversion of forest both to shrubland and to peri‐urban areas were the only land‐use variables explaining connectivity change with effects that changed over time. Conservation measures to ensure persistence of rayaditos populations in central Chile should be focused on the retention of key elements for connectivity.
Deformation Pattern and Vein Development in Delhi Supergroup Rocks, Northeastern Part of Delhi-Aravalli Belt: Implication of Late Stage Dilation
Authors: Dinkar G. K. , Gireesh R. V. , Bhola A. M.
Published: March 2013

The Delhi Supergroup rocks of Mesoproterozoic age in the north-eastern part of Delhi-Aravalli belt are poly-deformed. These rocks show meso and micro-scale stretched quartzo-feldspathic veins in the gneissic rocks in association with marble and amphibolites in contrast to those commonly described from the low grade metamorphic rocks in the northeastern part of the Delhi-Aravalli belt. The textural features of the veins which show stretched crystals in gneisses indicate that these developed in phases episodically in the direction of mineral lineation. The veins occupy tensional cracks without shear component and developed when the fluid pressure was high enough as they form in amphibolite facies of metamorphism.
Mineral Matter and the Nature of Pyrite in Some High-sulfur Tertiary Coals of Meghalaya, Northeast India
Authors: Nayak Bibhuranjan
Published: March 2013

Coal samples collected from four different sources in the Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya, northeast India, have been investigated for their sulfur content, mineral matter, and to assess their potential behavior upon beneficiation. These coals contain high sulfur which occurs both in organic and inorganic forms. The organic sulfur content is much higher than the inorganic sulfur. Studies on different size and gravity fractions indicated that the mineral phases are concentrated in higher density fractions (d > 1.8) and in general are fine grained (<50 μm). Data of reflected-light optical microscope and electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) revealed that minerals in these coals are sulfides- pyrite, marcasite, sphalerite, pentlandite; sulfates- barite, jarosite; oxides- hematite, rutile; hydroxides- gibbsite, goethite; phosphate- monazite; carbonate- calcite, siderite and silicates- quartz, mica, chlorite, and kaolinitic clay. The disulfides of iron occur in two modes – mainly pyrite and occasionally marcasite with wide size ranges and in various forms, such as: framboid, colloidal precipitate, colloform-banded, fine disseminations, discrete grains, dendritic (feathery), recrystallized, nuggets, discoidal, massive, cavity-fracture- and cleat-fillings. Framboidal pyrite has formed primarily due to biological activities of sulfur reducing bacteria in the early stages of coalification. Massive and other varieties have formed at later stages due to coalescence and recrystallization of the earlier formed pyrites. Sulfur isotopic values indicate a biogenic origin for the pyrites. Association of trace metals, such as Ni, and Zn has been recorded in these pyrites. Given the large fractions of organic sulfur present, these coals can be upgraded only partially to reduce the sulfur content by beneficiation.
Evaluation and Comparison of GIS based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Procedures in Kulekhani Watershed, Nepal
Authors: Kayastha Prabin , Dhital Megh Raj , Smedt Florimond De
Published: March 2013

The goal of this paper is to evaluate and compare the consistency of GIS-based heuristic and bivariate landslide susceptibility mapping techniques in the Himalayan region, taking the Kulekhani watershed of central Nepal as an example. For this purpose, a heuristic and two statistical bivariate landslide susceptibility mapping methods are applied, and three separate landslide susceptibility zonation maps are produced. The maps are compared using three approaches: landslide density analysis, success rate analysis, and agreed area analysis. A comparison of the values obtained from landslide density analysis and the curves of success rate analysis indicate that the two bivariate methods produce almost identical results, whereas the map produced with the heuristic method differs significantly from the others. On the other hand, the agreed area analysis highlights significant spatial differences in the maps obtained from the three methods. Although the three approaches evaluate the consistency of susceptibility maps, only the agreed area analysis is capable of spatially comparing them. Hence, this approach proves to be more suitable for spatially and quantitatively evaluating the consistency of various landslide susceptibility zonation maps.
Role of Transverse Tectonics in the Himalayan Collision: Further Evidences from Two Contemporary Earthquakes
Authors: Dasgupta Sujit , Mukhopadhyay Basab , Mukhopadhyay Manoj , Nandy D. R.
Published: March 2013

Two contemporary earthquakes originating in the central Himalayan arc and its foredeep (Sikkim earthquake of 18.09.2011, Mw 6.9, h: 10-60 (?) km and Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 20.08.1988, Mw 6.8, h: 57 km) are commonly associated with transverse lineaments/faults traversing the region. Such lineaments/faults form active seismic blocks defining promontories for the advancing Indian Craton. These actually produce conjugate shear faulting pattern suggestive of pervasive crustal interplay deep inside the mountains. Focal mechanism solutions allow inferring that large part of the current convergence across the central Himalayan arc is accommodated by lateral slip. Similar slip also continues unabated in the densely populated foredeep for distances up to several tens of kilometers south of the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT).
Innovation types in the Finnish maritime cluster
Authors: Makkonen Teemu , Inkinen Tommi , Saarni Jouni
Published: March 2013

The Finnish maritime cluster is an important sector of Finland's economy. However, literature on innovative activities within the cluster is limited. This article focuses on Finnish shipbuilding and marine industry firms. Several innovation types are identified. These are analyzed according to general characteristics of firms. The data is from a survey of 148 shipbuilding and marine industry companies; most of the variables are ordinal scale and are analyzed with standard statistical survey methods. Considering the significance and past technological achievements of the sector the results indicate surprisingly low radical innovation related-activity and attitudes towards it. As well, the results provide no evidence to support previous research, suggesting that the shipbuilding and marine industry produces more organizational than technological innovations. The innovativeness of the firms varies according to distinct characteristics such as size, intensity of in-house and collaborative R&D activities, and level of internationalization. The empirical results provide a platform for policy implications and directions for future research; innovations concerning environmental efficiency are raised as an important future area of development.
A curriculum focused on informed empathy improves attitudes toward persons with
disabilities
Authors: Miller Sonya R.
Published: March 2013

Empathy is an important component of the provider-patient relationship. In the
United States one in five persons has a disability. Persons with disabilities perceive
gaps in health care providers’ understanding of their health care preferences and needs.
The purpose of this study was to use valid and reliable assessment methods to
investigate the association between empathy and attitudes toward persons with
disabilities and advocacy. An educational module was developed to enhance health care
students’ capacity for informed empathy. Pre- and post-assessment measures included the
Attitude toward Disabled Persons scale (ATDP), the Attitudes toward Patient Advocacy
Microsocial scale (AMIA) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). ATDP
(t(94) = −5.95, p = .000) and AMIA (t(92) = −5.99, p = .000) scores increased
significantly after the education module. Correlations between the pre- or post-module
ATDP or AMIA scores and the IRI scores were not significant. Empathy in general may not
be sufficient to ensure optimal attitudes toward persons with disabilities or advocacy
in pre-health care professionals. However, a curriculum based on informed empathy and
focused on the experiences of persons with disabilities can result in more positive
attitudes toward and advocacy for people with disabilities.
Mouse models for studying angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in cancer
Authors: Eklund Lauri , Bry Maija , Alitalo Kari
Published: March 2013

The formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) is required for the growth of most tumors. The tumor microenvironment also induces lymphangiogenic factors that promote metastatic spread. Anti‐angiogenic therapy targets the mechanisms behind the growth of the tumor vasculature. During the past two decades, several strategies targeting blood and lymphatic vessels in tumors have been developed. The blocking of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) signaling has proven effective for inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and growth, and inhibitors of VEGF‐C/VEGFR‐3 involved in lymphangiogenesis have recently entered clinical trials. However, thus far anti‐angiogenic treatments have been less effective in humans than predicted on the basis of pre‐clinical tests in mice. Intrinsic and induced resistance against anti‐angiogenesis occurs in patients, and thus far the clinical benefit of the treatments has been limited to modest improvements in overall survival in selected tumor types. Our current knowledge of tumor angiogenesis is based mainly on experiments performed in tumor‐transplanted mice, and it has become evident that these models are not representative of human cancer. For an improved understanding, angiogenesis research needs models that better recapitulate the multistep tumorigenesis of human cancers, from the initial genetic insults in single cells to malignant progression in a proper tissue environment. To improve anti‐angiogenic therapies in cancer patients, it is necessary to identify additional molecular targets important for tumor angiogenesis, and to get mechanistic insight into their interactions for eventual combinatorial targeting. The recent development of techniques for manipulating the mammalian genome in a precise and predictable manner has opened up new possibilities for the generation of more reliable models of human cancer that are essential for the testing of new therapeutic strategies. In addition, new imaging modalities that permit visualization of the entire mouse tumor vasculature down to the resolution of single capillaries have been developed in pre‐clinical models and will likely benefit clinical imaging.
EVI1 splice variants modulate functional responses in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Dutta Punashi , Bui Tuyen , Bauckman Kyle A. , Keyomarsi Khandan , Mills Gordon B. , Nanjundan Meera
Published: March 2013

Amplification of 3q26.2, found in many cancer lineages, is a frequent and early event in ovarian cancer. We previously defined the most frequent region of copy number increase at 3q26.2 to EVI1 (ecotropic viral integration site‐1) and MDS1 (myelodysplastic syndrome 1) (aka MECOM), an observation recently confirmed by the cancer genome atlas (TCGA). MECOM is increased at the DNA, RNA, and protein level and likely contributes to patient outcome. Herein, we report that EVI1 is aberrantly spliced, generating multiple variants including a Del190–515 variant (equivalent to previously reported) expressed in >90% of advanced stage serous epithelial ovarian cancers. Although EVI1Del190–515 lacks ∼70% of exon 7, it binds CtBP1 as well as SMAD3, important mediators of TGFβ signaling, similar to wild type EVI1. This contrasts with EVI1 1–268 which failed to interact with CtBP1. Interestingly, the EVI1Del190–515 splice variant preferentially localizes to PML nuclear bodies compared to wild type and EVI1Del427–515. While wild type EVI1 efficiently repressed TGFβ‐mediated AP‐1 (activator protein‐1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) promoters, EVI1Del190–515 elicited a slight increase in both promoter activities. Expression of EVI1 and EVI1Del427–515 (but not EVI1Del190–515) in OVCAR8 ovarian cancer cells increased cyclin E1 LMW expression and cell cycle progression. Furthermore, knockdown of specific EVI1 splice variants (both MDS1/EVI1 and EVI1Del190–515) markedly increased claudin‐1 mRNA and protein expression in HEY ovarian and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. Changes in claudin‐1 were associated with alterations in specific epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers concurrent with reduced migratory potential. Collectively, EVI1 is frequently aberrantly spliced in ovarian cancer with specific forms eliciting altered functions which could potentially contribute to ovarian cancer pathophysiology.
Rapid diagnosis of the economically important fruit fly,Bactrocera correcta(Diptera: Tephritidae) based on a species-specific barcoding cytochrome oxidase I marker
Authors: Jiang F. , Li Z.H. , Deng Y.L. , Wu J.J. , Liu R.S. , Buahom N.
Published: March 2013

The guava fruit fly,Bactrocera correcta(Bezzi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an invasive pest of fruit and vegetable crops that primarily inhabits Southeast Asia and which has the potential to become a major threat within both the Oriental and Australian oceanic regions as well as California and Florida. In light of the threat posed, it is important to develop a rapid, accurate and reliable method to identifyB. correctain quarantine work in order to provide an early warning to prevent its widespread invasion. In the present study, we describe a species-specific polymerase chain reaction assay for the diagnosis ofB. correctausing mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (mtDNA COI) barcoding genes. AB. correcta-specific primer pair was designed according to variations in the mtDNA COI barcode sequences among 14 fruit fly species. The specificity and sensitivity of theB. correcta-specific primer pair was tested based on the presence or absence of a band in the gel profile. A pair of species-specificB. correctaprimers was successfully designed and named BCOR-F/BCOR-R. An ∼280 bp fragment was amplified from specimens belonging to 17 geographical populations and four life stages ofB. correcta, while no such diagnostic bands were present in any of the 14 other related fruit fly species examined. Sensitivity test results demonstrated that successful amplification can be obtained with as little as 1 ng μl−1of template DNA. The species-specific PCR analysis was able to successfully diagnoseB. correcta, even in immature life stages, and from adult body parts. This method proved to be a robust single-step molecular technique for the diagnosis ofB. correctawith respect to potential plant quarantine.
Resistance of αAI-1 transgenic chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) dry grains to bruchid beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Lüthi Christoph , Álvarez-Alfageme Fernando , Ehlers Jeffrey D. , Higgins Thomas J.V. , Romeis Jörg
Published: March 2013

Dry grain legume seeds possessing αAI-1, an α-amylase inhibitor from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), under the control of a cotyledon-specific promoter have been shown to be highly resistant to several important bruchid pest species. One transgenic chickpea and four cowpea lines expressing αAI-1, their respective controls, as well as nine conventional chickpea cultivars were assessed for their resistance to the bruchids Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say), Callosobruchus chinensis L. and Callosobruchus maculatus F. All transgenic lines were highly resistant to both Callosobruchus species. A. obtectus, known to be tolerant to αAI-1, was able to develop in all transgenic lines. While the cotyledons of all non-transgenic cultivars were highly susceptible to all bruchids, C. chinensis and C. maculatus larvae suffered from significantly increased mortality rates inside transgenic seeds. The main factor responsible for the partial resistance in the non-transgenic cultivars was deduced to reside in the seed coat. The αAI-1 present in seeds of transgenic chickpea and cowpea lines significantly increases their resistance to two important bruchid pest species (C. chinensis and C. maculatus) essentially to immunity. To control αAI-1 tolerant bruchid species such as A. obtectus and to avoid the development of resistance to αAI-1, varieties carrying this transgene should be protected with additional control measures.
BEEN THERE, DONE THAT, BOUGHT THE T-SHIRT: BEŞIKTAŞ FANS AND THE COMMODIFICATION OF FOOTBALL IN TURKEY
Authors: McManus John
Published: March 2013

In this article, I explore how the rapid commercialism and commodification of Turkish premier league football has affected the activities of a particular fan group, Çarşı, for the club Beşiktaş, one of Turkey's oldest teams. I look at how elements of the commodification of football have been harnessed and mediated by Çarşı to make ethical and political statements and convey an anarcho-socialist message. These processes, I argue, are driven by the possibilities opened up by rapid social and technological development. The shift to searching for identity among the forums and video websites of the internet, rather than on the terraces of Beşiktaş, is profoundly altering how fans construct their allegiance to the fan group and the club. This process, it will be shown, is not so much liberating supporters from the requirements of fandom as it is generating new conventions and processes to which Çarşı members must adhere.
“FOR THE FATHERLAND AND THE STATE”: ARMENIANS NEGOTIATE THE TANZIMAT REFORMS
Authors: Ueno Masayuki
Published: March 2013

This article examines Ottoman Armenian attitudes toward the Tanzimat reforms, particularly in relation to the situation of provincial Armenians. Even though implementation of the reforms was slow and marked by setbacks, the promises embedded in them raised expectations of change among Armenians in both Istanbul and the provinces. In response, individuals in these areas equipped themselves with knowledge of the language and principles of the Tanzimat. They interpreted and utilized these for their own purposes, sometimes not as the Ottoman government intended. In this sense, the Tanzimat was not merely a top-down state project; it was also pluralized through interactions between the government and its subjects. Exploring how non-Muslims negotiated the Tanzimat enables reconsiderations of the Muslim-elite-centered historiography on the reforms.