bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recognition of Debt Obligations as Joint Obligations of Spouses: A Case Law Analysis
Authors: Mazovka E. N.
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the issues related to the recognition of a debt obligation issued in the name of one of the spouses during their marriage as a joint obligation of the spouses. The author’s study is based on the materials of the generalized case law showing the heterogeneity of the application of Para 2 of Art. 45 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation. The author critically analyzes the approaches developed by judicial practice when deciding the issue of recognition of the debt as joint. In particular, the author investigates acquisition at the expense of credit (borrowed) money of the joint property of the spouses. The author describes disadvantages of the extension by courts of the presumption of spouses’ joint property to debt obligations. It is substantiated that courts must take into account the evidence of obtaining the consent of the spouse and evidence of spending credit (borrowed) money for the needs of the family. The conclusion is made about the need to form legal mechanisms that promote uniform application of Para 2 of Article 45 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation.
Access to Court as a Determinative Procedural Act for the Exercise of Justice and Protection of Rights in Civil Cases (The Beginning)
Authors: Uksusova E. E.
Published: December 2020

The author, following the focus of the study on specialization of civil procedural law in the Russian legal system as manifested regularity of its development, relying on the inevitable dualism and interaction between material and procedural law, comprehends its current state on the example of certain basic procedural and legal institutions: the institution of the right of access to court, the institution of protection of the rights and interests of other persons, the institution of jurisdiction, etc. The analysis caried out within the framework of the study takes into account the Russian legislative reforms undertaken in recent decades. The author’s use of known and proposed legal constructions, categories and concepts in the author’s combination and (or) interpretation makes their research urgent for the purposes of understanding of the key conditionality of civil procedural law specialization in the Russian law system as providing them with the administration of justice and protection of rights in civil cases in compliance with their wide understanding when the right to judicial protection in the system of constitutional rights and freedoms constitutes a guarantee for all of them. This paper is the first in a series of three papers devoted to the problem of the right of access to court as the most important issue of dualism and interaction between material and civil procedural rights.
Uncertainty of Wording in the Federal Law "On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation"
Authors: Smirnov A. F.
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the study of issues arising from the application in the organization and activities of the prosecutor’s office of the norms of the Federal Law of 17.01.1992 No. 2202-1 "On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation" known by their uncertainty and inconsistency. The author analyses the situations in which the existing methods of interpreting legal norms do not make it possible to find an appropriate solution in the functions of the prosecutor’s office implementation. The study notes the inconsistency of certain provisions of the Federal Law with the constitutional framework for regulating the organization and activities of the prosecutor’s office. The author highlights the unjustified expansion of the limits of departmental legal regulation of the organization of prosecutorial supervision. The legal norms governing the powers of prosecutors, objects of prosecutorial supervision and the function of the prosecutor’s office to initiate cases of administrative offenses and administrative investigation were subjected to critical analysis. Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that it is necessary to significantly amend and supplement the current Law.
Ambivalent Sexism, Interpersonal Relationships and Attributional Complexity of School Counselors in Istanbul
Authors: DİNÇER Feyza , KENAN Seyfi , ERDEN ÇINAR Seval
Published: December 2020

Since school counselors became an internal part of the school system, they are responsible for promoting psychological and mental health of their students as well as providing guidance for them. In order to fulfill these responsibilities, school counselors are expected to have empathetic, inclusive, democratic, and egalitarian attitudes. As a repercussion of these required such attitudes, the school counselors are expected to treat every person equally regardless of their gender, race, and lifestyle, and not to discriminate people based on their attributions, and maintain healthy interpersonal relationships within the counseling settings. Thus, the aim of this research is to examine school counselors’ ambivalent sexism in the context of interpersonal relationships and attributional complexity. For this purpose, the relationships between interpersonal relationship dimensions (empathy, approval dependence, trust others, and emotional awareness), ambivalent sexism, and attributional complexity were analyzed. Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, Attributional Complexity Scale, and Scale of Interpersonal Relationship Dimensions were used as instruments. With a sample of 340 school counselors from Istanbul, our findings indicate that ambivalent sexism, interpersonal relationship dimensions, and attributional complexity are correlated with each other on different levels. Furthermore, we found some unexpected results such as a high level of sexism and a low level of empathy accompanied by positive causal relationships between ambivalent sexism and empathy and emotional awareness. In the end, the findings of this study essentially aspire to raise awareness about the issue of sexism among prospective and working school counselors in addition to stressing the need for boosting empathetic attitudes.
Okul Öncesi Dönem Çocuğu Olan Annelerin Çocuğu Kabul Red Durumlarının Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: NAKIŞ YILDIRIM Büşra , TÜFEKCİ Aysel
Published: December 2020

Araştırmanın amacı okul öncesi dönem çocuğu olan annelerin çocuklarını kabul red durumlarını çeşitli demografik değişkenler (aylık hane gelir düzeyi, hane kişi sayısı, annenin; yaşı, öğrenimi, çalışma durumu, çocuğun; yaşı, cinsiyeti, doğum sırası ve sahip olunan çocuk sayısı) açısından incelemektir. Araştırma betimsel tarama modelinde desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 4-6 yaşlarındaki 183 kız ve 166 erkek olmak üzere 349 çocuk ve onların anneleri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Demografik Bilgi Formu ve Ebeveyn Kabul Red/Kontrol Ölçeği (Anne Baba Formu) kullanılmıştır. Veriler Malatya iline bağlı Battalgazi ve Yeşilyurt ilçelerindeki 10 bağımsız devlet anaokulundan toplanmıştır. Annelerin ve çocukların demografik özelliklerine ait iki kategorili olan değişkenlere göre ölçeklerden aldıkları puanlar arasındaki farklılığa Bağımsız Örneklemler T-Testi analizi ile incelenmiştir. Annelerin ve çocukların demografik özelliklerine ait üç ve daha fazla kategorili olan değişkenlere göre ölçeklerden aldıkları puanlar arasındaki farklılığa Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi ile bakılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda çalışma grubundaki annelerin çocuklarını red düzeylerinin düşük olduğu ve anne red puanlarında anne yaşı ile sahip olunan çocuk sayısına göre anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu görülmüştür. Yaşı daha büyük olan annelerin çocuklarına karşı daha çok ilgisiz ve ihmalkâr davranışlar sergiledikleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca sahip olunan çocuk sayısı arttıkça anne reddediciliğinin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları ilgili alanyazın çerçevesinde tartışılmış, ileride yürütülecek araştırmalar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
İnsan Hakları, Çocuk Hakları ve İnsan Hakları Eğitimi
Authors: ŞEN Abdulkerim
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma, insan hakları, çocuk hakları ve insan hakları eğitimine ilişkin İngilizce konuşulan akademik dünyada yaygın kabul gören perspektiflerin bir derlemesini yaparak, Türkçe alan yazına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, belli bir argüman etrafında bir tartışma yapmaktan ziyade, bir kavramsal ve teorik netleştirme sunulmaktadır. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde öncelikle insan hakları kavramının ayırt edici özellikleri tanıtılmakta ve insan haklarına yöneltilen bazı eleştirilere yer verilmektedir. Sonraki bölümde, insan hakları eğitiminin gelişimi, kavramsallaştırılması, sınıflandırılması ve güncel problemleri hakkında bilgiler verildikten sonra çocuk haklarının gelişimi ve Çocuk Haklarına Dair Sözleşme’nin eğitimsel doğurguları ele alınmaktadır. Bu bölümde, eğitim kurumlarında çocuk hakları ile ilgili durumu değerlendirmek, varsa ihmal ve ihlalleri tespit etmek amacıyla geliştirilmiş bir kontrol listesi sunulmaktadır. Ayrıca çocuk katılımının niteliğini iyileştirmeyi amaçlayan bir modelin tanıtımı yapılarak, çocuk katılımı ile esasen neyin kastedildiği, nelerin katılım sayılıp nelerin katılım sayılamayacağı netliğe kavuşturulmaktadır. Çalışmanın son bölümünde, Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Komitesi’nin raporlarına yansıyan Türkiye çocuk hakları sorunları ve Türkiye insan hakları eğitimi reformuna dair bir bilgilendirme yapılmaktadır. Ayrıca, insan hakları eğitiminin sosyal gerçeklik ve sosyal değişimle bağını güçlendirme kaygısı güden dönüştürücü insan hakları eğitimi yaklaşımından hareketle, bazı çözümler önerilmektedir. İnsan hakları eğitimi ve çocuk haklarına ilişkin derlenen perspektifler, Türkçe okuyan araştırmacıların bu konularda yapacakları çalışmaların teorik ve kavramsal çerçevesine katkılar sunabilir.
Fen Bilimleri Dersi Öğretim Programı Kazanımlarının 21.Yüzyıl Becerileri Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: KALEMKUŞ Jale
Published: December 2020

Hızlı küreselleşme ile birlikte günümüz bireylerinin sahip olması gereken beceriler de değişmektedir. Çağımızdaki bu beceriler 21. yüzyıl becerileri olarak tanımlanır. Bu araştırmada 2018 yılı Fen Bilimleri Dersi Öğretim Programı (FBDÖP) üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıflar kapsamında olan kazanımların 21. yüzyıl becerileri açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, nitel araştırma yöntemi olan doküman incelemesinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verilerini üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıflar kapsamında belirlenen kazanımlar oluşturmaktadır. FBDÖP üçüncü sınıf kapsamında 36, dördüncü sınıf kapsamında 43 olmak üzere toplam 79 kazanım incelenmiştir. Araştırma verileri betimsel analiz kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde hata olasılığını azaltmak amacıyla uzman görüşüne başvurulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda öğretim programında 21. yüzyıl becerilerinden eleştirel düşünme ve problem çözme ağırlıklı olmak üzere yaratıcılık ve yenilik, iletişim, girişimcilik ve özyönetim becerilerinin ön plana çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Öğretim programında iş birliği, bilgi okuryazarlığı, medya okuryazarlığı, esneklik ve uyum, sosyal ve kültürlerarası beceriler, verimlilik ve hesap verebilirlik, liderlik ve sorumluluk becerilerinin ise öne çıkan becerilerin gerisinde kaldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca 21. yüzyıl becerilerinden olan ve günümüz bilgi toplumunda bireylerin ihtiyaç duyduğu becerilerden olan bilgi iletişim ve teknoloji okuryazarlığı becerisine yönelik herhangi bir kazanım bulunmamaktadır. Dolayısı ile öğretim programında yer alan kazanımların bu beceri gruplarına dengeli dağılmadığı belirlenmiştir. Öğretim programları hazırlanırken 21. yüzyıl becerilerinin dikkate alınarak dengeli bir dağılımın olabildiğince sağlanması önerilebilir.
Z Kuşağı Öğretmen Adaylarının Yaşam Boyu Öğrenmeleri ve Dijital Okuryazarlıkları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: ÖZOĞLU Ceren , KAYA Esra
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eğitim Fakültesinde öğrenim gören Z kuşağı 1. Sınıf öğretmen adaylarının yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimlerinin ve dijital okuryazarlıklarının belirlenmesi ve bu iki değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır. Bu temel amacın yanı sıra öğretmen adaylarının cinsiyet, yaş ve bölümleri gibi kişisel özellikleri ile yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimleri ve dijital okuryazarlıklarına ilişkin görüşleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar olup olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma, ilişkisel tarama modelinde desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri “Yaşam Boyu Öğrenme Eğilimleri Ölçeği” ve “Dijital Okuryazarlık Ölçeği” likert tipi veri toplama araçları ve kişisel bilgi formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 397 kişiden oluşan 1. sınıf öğretmen adayına ölçek uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel verileri SPSS 22.0’a aktarılarak çözümlenmiştir. Cinsiyet ve bölüm değişkeni kapsamında, araştırmaya katılım sağlayan öğretmen adaylarının yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimlerinde istatistikî olarak anlamlı bir fark olup olmadığına bakmak için T-Test ve tek yönlü ANOVA uygulanmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimleri ile dijital okuryazarlıkları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığına bakmak için korelasyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, öğretmen adaylarının yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimlerinin ve dijital okuryazarlıklarının “yüksek” seviyede olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimleri ve alt boyutları ile cinsiyet ve bölüm değişkenlerine göre farklılaşmaktadır. Öğretmen adaylarının yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimleri ve alt boyutlarında sonuçlar hem cinsiyet hem bölüm değişkenine göre farklılık göstermektedir. Öğretmen adaylarının dijital okuryazarlık yeterlilikleri bölüm değişkenine göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemesine karşın cinsiyet değişkenine göre anlamlı bir farklılık görülmektedir. Öğretmen adaylarının yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimleri ile dijital okuryazarlıkları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamaktadır.
CFD NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF TWO-PHASE FLOW DEVELOPMENT AFTER AN EXPANSION DEVICE IN A HORIZONTAL PIPE
Authors: MAHMOOD Raid Ahmed , BUTTSWORTH David , MALPRESS Ray , SHARİFİAN-BARFOROUSH Ahmad
Published: December 2020

To optimize a vertical flash tank separator, the characteristics of the flow entering the separator are required to be known. A flash tank separator improves the performance of a refrigeration cycle by separating the liquid from liquid-gas flow and providing the evaporator with only liquid refrigerant. This technique improves
the effective area and enhances the heat transfer coefficient in the evaporator. This paper investigates the influence of the inlet operating conditions to an expansion device, on the adiabatic two-phase flow development in a horizontal pipe downstream from the expansion device. This work also compares three dimensional numerical
simulations and experimental observations for the two-phase flow development after the expansion device in the horizontal pipe. A general trend of the two-phase flow after the expansion device was gradually developed and the expansion length was identified at less than 200 mm from the inlet. The two-phase flow behaviour was
recorded using a digital camera recording the flow behaviour at the upstream and downstream of the horizontal tube. The results revealed that an increase of the mass flow rate causes an increase in the void fraction and a reduction in the slip ratio in the developed region. The simulations underestimate the expansion length and the
mean difference between the experimental data and the numerical results is 8 %.
Phosphogypsum Conversion into Calcium Fluoride and Sodium Sulfate
Authors: Ennaciri Yassine , Bettach Mohammed , El Alaoui-Belghiti Hanan
Published: December 2020

The phosphoric acid production in the world generates a large amount of phosphogypsum beside the emission of toxic acid fluorine gas into the atmosphere, which can cause a several environmental problems. To remedying these problems, an environmental procedure permit recycling phosphogypsum waste by NaF into valuable products, was presented in this work. According the obtained results, the proposed process is feasible and leads preparing a relatively pure CaF2 and Na2SO4. This last is recommended in detergent and glass industry, while the resulting CaF2 can be utilized in metallurgical industry. The optimum conversion conditions were achieved with the exact stoichiometric phosphogypsum and NaF at reaction duration of 90 minutes under room temperature.
Wear Performance of Value-Addition Epoxy/Breadfruit Seed Shell Ash Particles and Functionalized Momordica Angustisepala Fiber Hybrid Composites
Authors: Ezechukwu Vincent C. , Nwobi-Okoye Chukwuemeka C. , Atanmo Philip N. , Aigbodion Victor S.
Published: December 2020

The numerical approach for the study of wear performance of breadfruit seed shell ash particles (BFSAp) and Sodium hydroxide (OH)/silane (APS)functionalized Momordica angustisepala fiber (MAf)/epoxy hybrid composites were investigated. The MAf fibers were treated with an OH-APS solution. Hardness values, wear rate and wear mechanism of the samples were determined. A 65.82% improvement in wear resistance was obtained at the load of 30N of 30wt%MAf-20wt%BFSAp composite. The wear rate and wear damage followed in this order: epoxy(matrix)˂epoxy/30wt%MAf-20wt%BFSAp˂epoxy/OH-APS treated 30wt%MAf-20wt%BFSAp composites. The wear mechanism observed in this work is a combination of abrasive and adhesive wear. High wear resistance was obtained in epoxy/OH-APS treated 30wt%MAf-20wt%BFSAp composites.
Experimental Investigation to Study the Influence of Variation in Composition on Tribological Behavior and Impact Strength of Aluminium Alloy Al7068
Authors: Mahadikar Amardeepak , Mamatha Elliriki , Krupakara Palur V. , Doddapattar Narayana B.
Published: December 2020

Aluminium alloys have a wide variety of applications in the industrial sector due to some unique characteristics like lightweight, high strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, good electrical conductivity, recyclability, ductility, and formability, etc. Due to this unique combination of properties, the applications of aluminium alloys continue to increase. The tribological behavior and impact strength were studied in this research work by conducting the wear and impact tests, varying the composition of two major alloying elements, Magnesium (Mg) and Zinc (Zn) of Al7068 aluminium alloy. The specimens were prepared as per ASTM standards for wear and impact tests, four compositions each for Mg% varying b/w (2.2 to 3%), and Zn % varying b/w (7.3 to 8.3%). The results of the wear test on the alloy Al7068 shows that the specimens with 3% Mg and 7.6% Zn compositions gives least wear rate at loads 2 kg and 3 kg respectively whereas the specimens with compositions of 2.75% Mg and 7.3% Zn give highest wear rate at a low load of 1 kg. The impact test results indicate that specimens with compositions of 2.2% Mg and 7.6% Zn of the alloy Al7068 give the highest impact strength which in turn improves its performance.
Theological and Canonical Aspects of Baptismal Mystagogy to Persons below 14 Years of Age
Authors: Jaszcz Adam
Published: December 2020

Teologiczno-kanoniczne aspekty mistagogii chrzcielnej dla osób poniżej 14. Roku życia

Przedmiotem niniejszego artkułu jest ukazanie teologicznych podstaw udzielania sakramentu chrztu dzieciom oraz małoletnim, którzy nie ukończyli 14. roku życia, stanu prawnego, a także wynikających z niego implikacji duszpasterskich oraz administracyjnych. Konsekwencją chrztu jest uświęcające i usprawiedliwiające włączenie do ludu Bożego Nowego Przymierza. Nie może on zostać odwołany, a jego charakter sakramentalny jest nieusuwalny. Człowiek odrodzony wodą chrzcielną zostaje uwolniony od winy Adama i obdarzony siłą pokonywania zła. Autor odnosi się do tezy, jakoby chrzest dzieci naruszał ich wolność religijną. W artykule stwierdza się, że nie istnieje coś takiego jak „czysta wolność ludzka”, niezależna od jakiegokolwiek wpływu. Rodzice troszczą się o dobro dzieci i o to, co jest konieczne do życia. Dotyczy to także życia religijnego. Brak troski o ten aspekt byłby w rzeczywistości życzeniem zła poprzez pozbawienie istotnego dobra. Autor opisuje konsekwencje wynikające z sakramentu chrztu, poprzez który tworzy się węzeł prawny w konkretnym Kościele sui iuris.
“I Want to Live for Immortality”: Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky in Search of God
Authors: Apostolache Ioniţă
Published: December 2020

„Chcę żyć dla nieśmiertelności”. Fiodor Michajłowicz Dostojewski w poszukiwaniu Boga

Fiodor Michajłowicz Dostojewski jest jednym z najważniejszych pisarzy chrześcijańskich w XIX-wiecznej Rosji. Jego prace rozwijają obrazy, typologie, wzorce myślowe i interpretacje egzystencjalne. W niniejszym artykule autor stara się podkreślić elementy wyznaniowe myślenia o charakterze egzystencjalnym, jakie są obecne u Dostojewskiego. Zaczynając od krótkiej prezentacji biograficznej Dostojewskiego, autor odkrywa chrześcijańską wartość jego przesłania, które zawsze zaszyfrowane symbolami w rzeczywistości reprezentuje cenne chrześcijańskie przesłanie i apologię w nawiązaniu do konkretnego znaczenia związanego z istnieniem egzystencjalnym. Pod tym względem ten wielki rosyjski pisarz mówi o ziemskim życiu, obciążonym osobistymi grzechami i namiętnościami, wyzwolonymi przez wiarę w Boga. Dlatego w niniejszym tekście autor podjął próbę apologetycznej perspektywy problemu wolności w dziele „Legenda o Wielkim Inkwizytorze”, rozdziału magisterskiego z jego arcydzieła Bracia Karamazow.
Katecheta XXI wieku – nauczyciel religii czy ewangelizator?
Authors: Kosmana Ignacy
Published: December 2020

Na podstawie dokumentów Kościoła oraz opracowań teologicznych autor ukazuje wyzwania dla katechety-ewangelizatora XXI wieku w kontekście zmieniającego się świata oraz nowej (drugiej) jego ewangelizacji. Współcześni chrześcijanie – ludzie ochrzczeni – daleko odeszli od Chrystusa. Stąd potrzeba reewangelizacji i rekatechizacji nominalnie wierzących społeczeństw. Celem tak rozumianej katechezy ewangelizującej jest doprowadzenie tego świata ponownie do Chrystusa, nawiązanie z Nim więzi i pogłębienie wzajemnych relacji: Bóg – człowiek.

W artykule przeanalizowano braki i błędy współczesnego katechety. Podano również propozycje i wskazania pastoralne oraz ukazano perspektywy dla nowych ewangelizatorów. Kościół stoi przed wielką misją. Jest nią nie tylko poszerzanie grona uczniów Pana, ale również odzyskiwanie straconych, którzy „się wycofali i już z Nim nie chodzą” (por. J 6,66). Ewangelizator w nieustannie laicyzującej się i sekularyzującej rzeczywistości może przeciwstawiać żywe Słowo Boga oraz własne żywe świadectwo. Obecnie ma do dyspozycji wiele narzędzi, by dotrzeć do odbiorców – dawnych uczniów, którzy zniechęcili się do Kościoła z racji bądź to jego „trudnej mowy” (J 6,60) bądź też skandali i nadużyć duchowieństwa. Kościół jest zdeterminowany, by wciąż potwierdzać niezastąpioną rolę nauczycieli w jego misji. Jest to również zadanie dla samych katechetów, którzy utożsamiając się z Nauczycielem z Nazaretu, winni być świadomi misji, którą powierzył im Kościół.
Some questions related to the interpretation of the signs of a special subject crimes
Authors: Bahtiyarova E.R.
Published: December 2020

There is a group of crimes the subjects of which are persons with legislatively nonspecified additional features. Legal effect of legislatively non-specified features of a specific subject is - to be crime - forming features of corpus delicti.
Electronic evidence in intellectual property protection cases property on the Internet
Authors: Gavrik A.E.
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the problem of using electronic evidence in civil proceedings. The author considers the issues of collecting and providing electronic information to the court. Special attention is paid to the conditions of admissibility and reliability of electronic evidence in court proceedings, as well as their evidentiary value.
On the question of the properties of the sentence as an act of justice
Authors: Korovina A.V.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the sentence as the final decision in a criminal case, examines the content of the essential (external) properties of the sentence: binding, exclusivity, truth, prejudice and immutability.
Problems of providing medical care in excess of the amount established territorial compulsory health insurance program
Authors: Moshin A.M.
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the legal framework and legislative problems of distribution of health care volumes for the territorial program of compulsory health insurance. The problem of conflicts of legislation in the field of compulsory health insurance in the area of distribution of the volumes of medical care.
The citizen's right to appearance and image in the system of personal moral rights
Authors: Rabec A.P. , Korostiev A.A.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses issues related to the features of the legal protection of the appearance and image of a citizen. The question of the correlation of these concepts is analyzed, ways and means of protecting such personal non-property rights are considered. Some international legal acts in the field of protection of the external image and image of a citizen are considered. At the same time, it was noted that at the international level, the appearance and image are protected within the framework of the right to privacy. The absence of standards in the monetary assessment of the harm caused by the unlawful disclosure and / or use of images of citizens was determined. The authors concluded that there is no regulation of legal relations in the field of the use of images of citizens in certain special laws. It is also concluded that the concepts of appearance and image of a citizen are correlated as gender and species.
Cybercrime - as an object of forensic research
Authors: Seleznev A.V.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses theoretical approaches to the investigation of cyber crimes in the modern conditions of the development of society. The features of the ways of committing this kind of crimes are revealed. The main types of cybercriminals are analyzed. The features of the trace pattern of cybercrimes are considered.
Expert prevention in the context of digitalization of forensic activities
Authors: Smirnova A.V.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the basics of the origin and development of the Institute of expert prevention. The aspects that cause changes in expert prevention measures in view of the global transition to information technologies are highlighted. The directions and features of the implementation of forensic prevention in the conditions of digitalization are revealed. The types of programs used for committing crimes in the IT sphere are given.
The right to housing in the practice of decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
Authors: Frolov A.A.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the issue of the role and place of decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in the field of protection of the human right to housing, attention is focused on the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on this issue. Analyzing the judicial decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the author analyzes thereby the constitutional proceedings concerning the protection of the constitutional human right to housing.
The procedure for the application of incentive measures, the imposition of disciplinary sanctions and their registration in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation
Authors: CHimarov S.YU. , Byalt V.S.
Published: December 2020

The article presents an algorithm of legal influence on the personality of an employee of the internal Affairs bodies by applying incentive methods to him for conscientious performance of duty and necessary disciplinary measures for omissions in the service. Focusing on the importance of maintaining harmony and the validity of taking measures of disciplinary influence on the behavior of employees, the authors emphasize the need to strictly take into account the dynamic indicators of existing disciplinary practice.
Social system in the context of media typification of information
Authors: Gumen K.F.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the mechanisms of transformation of modern society in the context of media domination and the reproduction of chronologically determined mythologies. The main current approaches to the analysis of mythologies are considered. The significance of the temporal organization of a social myth in social differentiation and dynamics is revealed.
Philosophy of David Hume
Authors: Hajbulaeva Z.R.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the major Swedish philosopher David Hume who initiated a new type of philosophy. His teachings became a turning point in philosophy and occupy a special place in modern European philosophy.
The incidence and antimicrobial resistance of Arcobacter species in animal and poultry meat samples at slaughterhouses in Iran
Authors: Khodamoradi Sepideh , Abiri Ramin
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: Arcobacter species are food-borne and zoonotic enteropathogens. Defined breakpoints for the
investigation of antimicrobial resistance of Arcobacter are missing.
Materials and Methods: The study was performed to investigate the incidence and antimicrobial resistance of Arcobacter species in animals and poultry meat samples procured from slaughterhouses in Iran. To investigate the prevalence of antimi- crobial resistance, samples were collected from cattle (n=100), sheep (n=100), goat (n=100), broiler chicken (n=100), turkey (n=100) and quail (n=100). Arcobacter isolates of meat samples were isolated, investigated by PCR method and antibiotic resistance was also investigated. The susceptibility was assessed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion.
Results: The results showed that 52 samples (8.66%) were positive for Arcobacter spp. The most prevalence were observed in broiler chickens (26%, n=26 samples), quail (13%, n=13 samples), turkey (8%, n=8), cattle (3%, n=3), sheep (1%, n=1) and goat (1%, n=1). Arcobacter butzleri had highest prevalence among Arcobacter species. All the isolates showed sensitiv- ity to gentamicin, streptomycin and tetracycline.
Conclusion: Poultry meat is a potential source of infection with Arcobacter that must be considered in slaughterhouses in Iran. Arcobacter species showed sensitivity for a broad spectrum of antibiotics that can be used during infection with Arco- bacter species.
Prevalence, genotyping and antibiotic resistance of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli in fresh beef and chicken meats marketed in Zanjan, Iran
Authors: Farhoumand Parisa , Hassanzadazar Hassan , Soltanpour Mohammad Soleiman , Aminzare Majid , Abbasi Zahra
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: The aim of present study was to evaluate the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and Esch- erichia coli, characterization and antimicrobial resistance of their serotypes and genotyping profiles in fresh beef and poultry meats marketed in Zanjan, Iran.
Materials and Methods: A total of 90 (45 chicken and 45 beef) samples were collected from January to June 2018 focusing on retail meat stores of Zanjan city, Iran. Foodborne pathogen detection and antimicrobial resistance of isolates performed by PCR and disc diffusion methods, respectively. Simplex PCR method was used for screening hly and uidA genes in L. monocytogenes and E. coli isolates, respectively.
Results: Findings revealed high contamination in beef and chicken meats with E. coli (68.89% and 88.89%, respectively) and L. monocytogenes (53.33% and 46.67%, respectively). The most likelihood of E. coli isolates belonged to E. coli 13479 serotype. All L. monocytogenes isolates from beef and chicken meat samples had high similarity with serotypes L. monocyto- genes strain NCTC 10357 and strain MF 4545, respectively. Multi drug resistance (MDR) was seen in both L. monocytogenes and E. coli isolates.
Conclusion: This study shows an insight of the current status of beef and chicken meat contamination maketed in Zanjan, Iran with E. coli and L. monocytogenes isolates (high contamination rate), their genotypic profile, epidemiological relation- ship and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that should be considered as a significant public health concern in Zanjan, Iran.
Antibacterial properties of selected Malaysian Tualang honey against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Abdulraheem Al-Kafaween Mohammad , Al-Jamal Hamid Ali , Mohd Hilmi Abu Bakar , Elsahoryi Nour Amin , Jaffar Norzawani , Khairi Zahri Mohd
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: Tualang honey (TH) is a Malaysian multifloral jungle honey. In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of studies published in medical databases regarding its potential health benefits. The study aimed to investigate the effect of TH against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes.
Materials and Methods: The effect of TH on both bacteria was investigated using MIC, MBC, growth curve, time-kill curve, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and RT-qPCR.
Results: The MIC of TH against P. aeruginosa and S. pyogenes was 18.5% (w/v) and 13% (w/v) respectively and MBC 90 was 25% (w/v) for both bacteria. Spectrophotometric readings of at least 90% inhibition yielded MIC values of TH, 18.5% (w/v) and 15% (w/v) for P. aeruginosa and S. pyogenes respectively. A time–kill curve demonstrated a bactericidal with a 4-log reduction estimated within 8 hours. Using SEM, loss of structural integrity and marked changes in cell shape were observed. RT-qPCR analysis showed that TH reduced the pattern of gene expression in both bacteria, with a trend toward reduced expression of the virulence genes of interest.
Conclusion: This study suggests that TH could potentially be used as an alternative therapeutic agent for microbial infection particularly against these two organisms.
Ethical communication to patient & society: a critical responsibility in COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chatterjee Saptarshi
Published: December 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
Sociodemographic Determinants Affecting Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices
Authors: Magare Anwaya , Adchitre Sangita , Jadhav Vijaykumar , Mahajan Swati
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Breastfeeding is very critical for the physiology, growth, and overall well-being of neonates and women. Exclusive breastfeeding and continued breastfeeding with complementary feeding are major factors in child survival, growth, and development. Breast-feeding in India is universal and, a lot of the customs and practices have their effect on it like familial change, societal and cultural differences, absence of elders informing the tradition of breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is having so many advantages for mother and infant, but still, the standard recommended practices are not followed. Hence, the researcher felt the need to assess the various sociodemographic factors determining current breastfeeding practices.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out amongst all the mother-child pairs attending immunization sessions from 1st October 2014 to 31st September 2015. The structured questionnaire was used to record the data. Collected data was used to assess the sociodemographic factors determining the current breastfeeding practices.

Results: In the present study majority 163(50.2%) mothers practiced exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. It was found that association between practice of exclusive breastfeeding and mothers education (χ2- 20.50, p-0.00), occupation (χ2- 10.48, p-0.01), religion (χ2-8.907, p-0.03), type of family (χ2-120.84, p-0.00) and socioeconomic status (χ2-35.62, p-9e-8) was statistically significant with.

Conclusion: It was concluded that lack of adequate information, maternal education level, socioeconomic factors, etc. influence the early breastfeeding practices.

Key words: Exclusive Breastfeeding, sociodemographic, mother’s education, mother’s occupation
El principio de buena administración y la gobernanza en la contratación pública
Authors: Garrido Mayol Vicente
Published: December 2020

Las exigencias de la sociedad sobre la administración pública pasan por profundizar en el comportamiento y en la dedicación profesional, sobre todo, de los administradores y gestores públicos. Todo ello no es más que trasunto del principio de buena administración que, como ya he destacado, es hoy un derecho de los ciudadanos, que reclama mayor objetividad en la toma de decisiones, mayor intensidad en la defensa de los derechos de los ciudadanos, más transparencia, más control y, sobre todo una más proactiva rendición de cuentas. Se trata, en definitiva, de imbuir a los gestores públicos y a los ciudadanos que más frecuente y estrechamente se relacionan con ellos, de sentimientos de ética, de rectitud y de honestidad capaces de impedir prácticas corruptas.

Recibido: 29.09.2020Aceptado: 21.12.2020
¿Estados Unidos de Europa? Mapeo y diseño de constituciones para Europa
Authors: Gonzalez Cadenas Diego
Published: December 2020

En los últimos tiempos, académicos, intelectuales públicos, movimientos políticos y sociales y destacados líderes políticos europeos de diferentes orientaciones ideológicas han hecho un llamamiento a la creación de unos Estados Unidos de Europa. Desde su punto de vista, enfrentar la crisis de legitimidad de la UE requiere una renovación democrática a través de un proceso constituyente. Sin embargo, estas declaraciones no han sido acompañadas por un diseño específico sobre cómo instituir esta nueva Constitución Europea. Con el objeto de discutir las posibles vías de poner en práctica esta idea, este artículo presenta las principales formulaciones del poder constituyente europeo y su traducción a un diseño concreto de constitution-making.

Recibido: 16.06.2020Aceptado: 21.12.2020
La intimidación en el ámbito bancario como ilícito afectante al derecho constitucional de propiedad
Authors: Pérez Cordón Rubén , Martínez Cantón Silvia
Published: December 2020

La figura de la intimidación resulta más habitual de lo que parece en el entorno de las relaciones comerciales y el ámbito bancario no es una excepción. El carácter de establecimiento público de las entidades financieras y su aparente formalidad no han sido óbice para que muchos clientes hayan aceptado, bajo intimidación, productos no deseados o cláusulas abusivas, que, en total libertad y existiendo alternativa, no habrían firmado. Estas conductas se han manifestado mayoritariamente en situaciones de renegociación contractual, en donde el cliente se veía inmerso en dificultades financieras que no dejaban más alternativa que aceptar una modificación de la situación contractual que mantenía con la entidad bancaria. Se trata de consentimientos impuestos y, por tanto, viciados, que se analizarán en el presente artículo.

Recibido: 25.06.2020Aceptado: 14.10.2020
Desafíos y retos que plantean las decisiones automatizadas y los perfilados para los derechos fundamentales
Authors: Eguíluz Castañeira Josu Andoni
Published: December 2020

En una sociedad eminentemente tecnológica, las decisiones automatizadas y los perfilados se presentan como auténticos desafíos para el Derecho. Potenciales sesgos, predicciones de comportamientos y efectos discriminatorios pueden suponer claros riesgos para los derechos fundamentales. En este contexto, se analiza la nueva realidad de la discriminación algorítmica en el marco de la Inteligencia Artificial, los algoritmos y el Machine Learning; y cómo el legislador y los tribunales están optando por aportar una visión garantista a este reto en la era del Big Data. En este trabajo se someten a estudio los déficits y puntos fuertes de la legislación vigente, atendiendo al examen de casos paradigmáticos que formarán los inicios de una construcción jurisprudencial pionera y adaptada a las amenazas latentes de los nuevos y algorítmicos tiempos.

Recibido: 23.11.2020Aceptado: 14.12.2020
Serra Cristobal, Rosario, La seguridad como amenaza. Los desafios de la lucha contra el terrorismo para el Estado democrático, Tirant lo Blanch. Valencia, 2020, 265 pp. ISBN 978-84-1336-666-1
Authors: Sánchez Ferriz Remedio
Published: December 2020

El libro que acaba de publicar la profesora SERRA es de los que pueden inducir a confusión por su título sugerente, aunque he de decir que una obra de Galbraith que escogí por entender mal el título es una de las que más influencia han tenido en mis reflexiones posteriores. No es la autora la que yerra en el título, que responde perfectamente al desarrollo de sus capítulos, sino las circunstancias sobrevenidas no solo en nuestro país sino en el mundo entero las que nos hacen caer en el error de creer que vamos a reflexionar sobre la presente (y por ello apremiante) situación de pandemia aunque, sin embargo, la autora aclara perfectamente en el subtítulo que va a centrarse en la lucha antiterrorista y, en especial, en la yijadista.
Cruz Palmera, Roberto. Delitos instrumentales: Aspectos de política legislativa. BdeF, Buenos Aires/Montevideo, 2020, 327 pp., ISBN 978-9915-650-03-6
Authors: Nieves López José
Published: December 2020

Recientemente la editorial BdeF ha publicado el trabajo del profesor, Roberto Cruz Palmera, titulado «Delitos instrumentales: Aspectos de política legislativa», un trabajo oportuno y necesario para los estudiosos del derecho penal.
Terradillos Basoco, Juan Maria, Aporofobia y plutofilia: La deriva jánica de la política criminal contemporánea, J.M. Bosch Editor, Barcelona, 2020, 192 pp., ISBN 978-84-1220-153-6
Authors: Abadías Selma Alfredo
Published: December 2020

Mientras estaba leyendo la obra del catedrático emérito doctor Juan María Terradillos Basoco, la verdad es que notaba mi conciencia cada vez más removida a medida que iban pasando las páginas. Al terminar de leer la obra estuve varias semanas pensando que lo que había escrito el profesor Terradillos merecía de alguna forma un humilde reconocimiento de quién le estaba leyendo, y por otra parte también que sirviese de alguna forma de altoparlante de tanto contenido que había podido disfrutar y aprender.
Effects of modified ultrafiltration on postoperative hepatic and renal function of pediatric patients with congenital cyanotic/non-cyanotic heart defect who underwent open heart surgery: Retrospective study
Authors: BOZDOGAN Deniz , ŞIRLAK Mustafa , EYILETEN Zeynep , UYSALEL Adnan
Published: December 2020

Aim: Increased total body water and capillary permeabilty in pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass can cause organ disfunction. Modified ulltrafiltration is developed for decrease total body water and attenuate organ disfunction. The purpose of this study, is to investigate retrospective effects of modified ultrafiltration on postoperative hepatic and renal functions of pediatric patients with congenital siyanotic/nonsiyanotic heart defect who underwent open heart surgery. Material and methods: In this study, we assessed 93 children who underwent pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass from January 2009 to August 2011.Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=62) patiens, to whom modified ultrafiltration was performed, compared with 31control patients (group 2). Patients who had redo cardiac surgery, preoperative organ disfunction, otoimmune disease, genetic disorders, shunt and emergency operations were excluded. Pre and postoperative biochemical parameters, postoperative urine output, chest tube drenaige, diüretic usage, blood and blood product transfusion, dialysis requirement and mortality were compared. Results: Age, weight, body surface area, congenital defect type and number, preoperative and intraoperative blood samples measurement, cross clamp time, cardiopulmonary bypass time were similar between 2 groups (p>0,05).The difference in percent increase in creatinine leves of 2 group was statistically significant When these changes were re-evaluated according to the body surface area by univariate analysis(p<0,05). Percent increase in total plasma protein level was also statistically significant between the groups (p<0,05) (It was-6,5% in group 1 and -5,5% in group 2). Percent increase in plasma albumin level was -18,2% in group 1, and -13,4% in group 2. When these changes were re-evaluated according to the body surface area by univariate analysis, a significant statistical difference was detected. (p<0,05). While two patients required dialysis in group 1, dialysis was performed in 4 patients in group 2. There was no statistically difference between the groups in terms of dialysis needed(p<0,05). There was no difference between the groups in terms of mortality (p>0,05) Conclusion: Hemodynamic, pulmonary, hematologic and immunologic effects of modified ultrafiltration are well known. Although our study group was not big enough to get a conclusion, we believe that modified ultrafiltration can be an effective method in preservation of renal and hepatic function of the patients who underwent total reconstructive congenital heart surgery.
The profane sphere of All Saints’ Day and the social aspects of cemeteries
Authors: Tanaś Sławoj
Published: December 2020

The modern pop-culturization of All Saints’ Day has encouraged the author to explore the profane sphere of this festival, using selected examples from Łódź cemeteries, as well as to write a short comparative description of a Latin American festival honouring the dead celebrated in early November. In the 20th century, visiting cemeteries in Poland on 1st November acquired some attributes of recreation and cultural tourism, visible in the atmosphere of a country fair and the ludic character of the cemetery surroundings, as well as the visitors’ commemorative, contemplative and cognitive motivations. Due to cultural changes, All Saints’ Day is increasingly perceived as a tourist event or even a cultural tourism product. The article presents a comparative description of the All Saints’ Day celebrations in Poland and the Day of the Dead in Latin America, and an analysis of visitors at selected Łódź cemeteries along with a description of the cemetery surroundings on 1st November 2019. The author has used unpublished research results from 2004, as well as discussing the secular and recreational aspects of All Saints’ Day.
ENDOSCOPIC CORRECTION OF THE VESICOURETERAL REFLUX AFTER URETERAL REIMPLANTATION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Dubrov V. I. , Bondarenko S. G. , Kagantzov I. M. , Sizonov V. V.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is seen in 2 - 60% of patients after ureteral reimplantation. The present study summarizes the experience of several centers where endoscopic correction of the postoperative reflux was done with bulking preparations. Material and methods. A retrospective study including 43 patients (24 boys and 19 girls) with reflux of grade III-IV after various transvesical and extravesical ureteral reimplantations for primary megaureter, reflux, or kidney transplantation was performed. Exclusion criteria were: neurogenic bladder, posterior urethral valve and ureterocele. Patients’ age varied from 9 months to 17 years (average 70.6 months). VUR was unilateral in 40 patients and bilateral in 3 patients: a total number of operated ureters was 46. The interval between ureter reimplantation and endoscopic surgery ranged from 3 months to 8 years (average 18.9 months). Different biodegradable and stable bulking preparations were used in the procedure. Results. VUR was successfully corrected in 19 ureters (41.3%) after a single injection. The repeated procedure was performed in 14 ureters in case of decreased reflux grade after the first injection. In 5 ureters (35.7%), the reflux resolved after the repeated procedure. With the two mentioned injections, the total effectiveness of endoscopic VUR correction was 52.2%. There were no any ureteral obstruction. The only statistically significant factor affecting the effectiveness of treatment was the reflux degree. The effectiveness level for reflux grade III was 68.2% and for reflux grade IV - 37.5%. Conclusion. Endoscopic correction prevents ureter reimplantation in half of patients with a high grade of postoperative vesicoureteral reflux.