bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Which is the best predictor of de novo donor‐specific antibodies in a cohort of non‐sensitized first kidney transplantation: Antigenic, allelic, epitope, or physiochemical HLA mismatches?
Authors: Delion Alexandra , Girerd Sophie , Duarte Kevin , Girerd Nicolas , Schikowski Johan , Kessler Michèle , Frimat Luc , Aarnink Alice
Published: March 2019

Background

Assessment of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching by using high‐resolution allele typing and knowledge of HLA molecule structure may lead to better prediction of de novo donor‐specific antibody (dnDSA) development.

Methods

We conducted a single‐center cohort study among 150 non‐sensitized first kidney transplant recipients to compare the association between antigenic (Ag), allelic (Al), eplet (Ep), amino acid (AAMS) HLA matching and electrostatic (EMS) and hydrophobic (HMS) mismatch scores, and the development of dnDSA.

Results

After a mean follow‐up time of 49.3 ± 17.7 months, 18 patients (12%) developed dnDSA. The number of HLA mismatches (MM) was significantly associated with the development of dnDSA. The optimal threshold, determined by Harrell's C‐index, varied according to the method (5 MM for Ag, P = 0.006; 6 for Al, P = 0.009; 22 for Ep, P = 0.005; 42 for AAMS, P = 0.0007; 45 for EMS, P = 0.009 and 44 for HMS, P = 0.026). C‐indices were similar for all matching approaches, suggesting a similar prediction of dnDSA development.

Conclusion

In this cohort of low immunological risk transplant patients, the use of Al or Ep matching did not improve the prediction of dnDSA development in comparison with the traditional approach.
Citizen feedback in a fragile setting: social accountability interventions in the primary healthcare sector in Sierra Leone
Authors: Pieterse Pieternella
Published: March 2019

Fragile and conflict‐affected states are frequently characterised by their inability to fulfil three core governance functions: provision of security, effective delivery of basic public goods and services, and managing political participation and accountability. This article explores the utility of social accountability interventions in fragile environments. Successful social accountability interventions can lead to joint examinations of public service standards by service‐users and providers, resulting in collaborative improvement efforts. The few available studies of such interventions implemented in fragile or conflict‐affected states show reasons for optimism as well as challenges. This article advocates the continued use of social accountability methods in fragile settings and provides examples of social accountability interventions in the health sector in Sierra Leone. The study suggests that social accountability can improve interaction between citizens and public service providers. Successful social accountability interventions can also lead to better quality and more accessible public services, which, in turn, can enhance state legitimacy.
Humanitarian governance and the consequences of the state‐fragility discourse in the Democratic Republic of Congo's health sector
Authors: Aembe Bwimana , Dijkzeul Dennis
Published: March 2019

This paper examines how the discourse on state fragility affects the preferences of key actors in humanitarian governance for different types of health‐sector interventions in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It argues that, instead of focusing on the actual meaning of state fragility, attention should be paid to interactive processes around the discourse among stakeholders in the health sector. The lack of consensus on state fragility influences humanitarian governance, especially the perceptions of and interactions between the host government, donors, and international non‐governmental organisations. The latter have legitimised the persistence of vertical, emergency‐based interventions by emphasising state fragility, whereas state officials have preferred to assert political statehood and a higher degree of control. Nevertheless, they agree that donors’ financial contributions ensure the survival of the public health sector. Looking ahead, a policy coalition based on harmonised views about addressing fragility is necessary for effective engagement and the sustainability of interventions, but this is unlikely to happen any time soon.
Randomised study of evolocumab in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia on background statin: Primary results of the BERSON clinical trial
Authors: Lorenzatti Alberto J. , Eliaschewitz Freddy G. , Chen Yundai , Lu Juming , Baass Alexis , Monsalvo Maria Laura , Wang Nan , Hamer Andrew W. , Ge Junbo
Published: March 2019

Aim

To evaluate the lipid‐lowering efficacy and safety of evolocumab combined with background atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hyperlipidaemia or mixed dyslipidaemia.

Materials and methods

BERSON was a double‐blind, 12‐week, phase 3 study (NCT02662569) conducted in 10 countries. Patients ≥18 to ≤80 years with type T2DM received atorvastatin 20 mg/d and were randomised 2:2:1:1 to evolocumab 140 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) or 420 mg monthly (QM) or placebo Q2W or QM. Co‐primary endpoints were the percentage change in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) from baseline to week 12 and from baseline to the mean of weeks 10 and 12. Additional endpoints included atherogenic lipids, glycaemic measures, and adverse events (AEs).

Results

Overall, 981 patients were randomised and received ≥1 dose of study drug. Evolocumab significantly reduced LDL‐C versus placebo at week 12 (Q2W, −71.8%; QM, −74.9%) and at the mean of weeks 10 and 12 (Q2W, −70.3%; QM, −70.0%; adjusted P < 0.0001 for all) when administered with atorvastatin. Non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B100, total cholesterol, lipoprotein (a), triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol improved significantly with evolocumab versus placebo. The overall incidence of AEs was similar between evolocumab and placebo‐treated patients, and there were no clinically meaningful differences in changes over time in glycaemic variables (fasting serum glucose and HbA1c) between the two groups.

Conclusions

In patients with T2DM and hyperlipidaemia or mixed dyslipidaemia on statin, evolocumab significantly reduced LDL‐C and other atherogenic lipids, was well tolerated, and had no notable impact on glycaemic measures.
THE CROSS‐BORDER SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF RECREATIONAL MARIJUANA LEGALIZATION
Authors: Hao Zhuang , Cowan Benjamin W.
Published: March 2019

We examine the spillover effects of recreational marijuana legalization (RML) in Colorado and Washington on neighboring states. We find that RML causes a sharp increase in marijuana possession arrests in border counties of neighboring states relative to nonborder counties in these states. RML has no impact on juvenile marijuana possession arrests but is rather fully concentrated among adults. We find mixed results regarding the source(s) of this change. Using separate data on self‐reported marijuana use, we show that RML is accompanied by an increase in use in neighboring states relative to non‐neighboring states. However, the increase in arrests following RML is highly concentrated in a few states, which we argue is more consistent with a change in police enforcement near some state borders driving the arrest results. (JEL I12, I18, K14)
Does sharp force trauma alter blow fly attraction to, colonization of, and decomposition of vertebrate remains?
Authors: Munro Holly L. , Mondor Edward B. , Lampert Evan C.
Published: March 2019

Forensic entomologists use insect evidence to estimate the minimum postmortem interval of human remains. However, how different forms of trauma influence insect attraction to, and colonization of, the body is poorly understood. Our objective was to identify the Calliphoridae community present in the Piedmont region (Georgia, USA), and determine whether postmortem sharp force trauma (none vs. slashed vs. stabbed) altered insect attraction, colonization, and the resulting decomposition rate of stillborn pigs (Suidae). We show that the limited blow fly community is dominated by Lucilia coeruleiviridis Macquart (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Third instars (L3) of L. coeruleiviridis were found on control pigs at 48 h, slashed pigs at 36 h, and stabbed pigs at 24 h. Decomposition rate, as determined by total body score, was greater in the first 12 h in stabbed pigs, compared to control and slashed pigs. Further experimentation is required to determine the effect of different forms of trauma on insect attraction, colonization, and resulting vertebrate decomposition rates.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis UvrD1 and UvrD2 helicases unwind G‐quadruplex DNA
Authors: Saha Tias , Shukla Kaustubh , Thakur Roshan Singh , Desingu Ambika , Nagaraju Ganesh
Published: March 2019

Unresolved G‐quadruplex (G4) DNA secondary structures impede DNA replication and can lead to DNA breaks and to genome instability. Helicases are known to unwind G4 structures and thereby facilitate genome duplication. Escherichia coli UvrD is a multifunctional helicase that participates in DNA repair, recombination and replication. Previously, we had demonstrated a novel role of E. coli UvrD helicase in resolving G4 structures. Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome encodes two orthologs of E. coli UvrD helicase, UvrD1 and UvrD2. It is unclear whether UvrD1 or UvrD2 or both helicases unwind G4 DNA structures. Here, we demonstrate that M. tuberculosis UvrD1 and UvrD2 unwind G4 tetraplexes. Both helicases were proficient in resolving previously characterized tetramolecular G4 structures in an ATP hydrolysis and single‐stranded 3′‐tail‐dependent manner. Notably, M. tuberculosis UvrD1 and UvrD2 were efficient in unwinding G4 structures derived from the potential G4 forming sequences present in the M. tuberculosis genome. These data suggest an extended role for M. tuberculosis UvrD1 and UvrD2 helicases in resolving G4 DNA structures and provide insights into the maintenance of genome integrity via G4 DNA resolution.
Age‐associated alterations in murine dermis through inflammatory response with mitochondrial DNA deletions
Authors: Kawaguchi Koichiro , Kim Sang‐Eun , Sugiyama Daijiro , Sugimoto Masataka , Maruyama Mitsuo
Published: March 2019

Aim

Skin aging is caused by intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Because it is difficult to distinguish intrinsic mechanisms from extrinsic skin aging, the mechanisms of intrinsic skin aging remain unclear. The present study aimed to characterize age‐associated alterations in murine skin and investigate the mechanisms of intrinsic skin aging.

Methods

We measured morphological changes in dorsal skin from young (aged 2 months) and old (aged 22–24 months) mice by histological analysis. Age‐associated alteration of gene expression patterns was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Reactive oxygen species production in mouse dorsal skin was detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Mitochondrial DNA deletions were detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses.

Results

Chronologically aged skin had dermal atrophy caused by increased matrix‐degrading enzymes and decreased collagen synthesis. Chronologically aged skin samples also had increased senescence‐associated secretory phenotype factors, elevated reactive oxygen species production and a higher frequency of the mitochondrial DNA common deletion.

Conclusions

These observations suggest that chronological skin aging is associated with increased frequency of the mitochondrial DNA common deletion and chronic inflammation through the reactive oxygen species–senescence‐associated secretory phenotype axis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 451–457.
Roles of Nup133, Nup153 and membrane fenestrations in assembly of the nuclear pore complex at the end of mitosis
Authors: Bilir Şükriye , Kojidani Tomoko , Mori Chie , Osakada Hiroko , Kobayashi Shouhei , Koujin Takako , Hiraoka Yasushi , Haraguchi Tokuko
Published: March 2019

Reassembly of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) at the end of mitosis is an important event for eukaryotic nuclear function. In this study, we examined the dynamic behaviors of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by “Live CLEM” imaging. In metaphase, numerous fenestrations on the ER membrane were observed around chromosomes. In telophase, these fenestrations became filled at the region attached to chromosomes, whereas they remained open at the region unattached to chromosomes, suggesting that NPC assembly takes place at fenestrations on the membrane. To determine the roles of nucleoporins in postmitotic NPC formation, we used artificial beads conjugated with anti‐GFP antibody, which captures GFP‐fused proteins on the beads when incorporated into cells. Live CLEM imaging of telophase cells containing Nup133‐coated beads or Nup153‐coated beads showed that Nup133 and Nup153, as the sole effector molecules, assembled the NPC‐like structure on the membrane fenestrations. Indirect immunofluorescence staining of the Nup133‐coated beads showed that Nup133 effectively assembled Nup107 and ELYS, whereas minimal assembly of Nup98 and Nup62 was observed; the Nup153‐coated bead effectively assembled Nup98, Nup62 and Pom121, but assembled neither Nup107 nor ELYS. Our results suggest that Nup133 and Nup153 play different roles in assembling the NPC on membrane fenestrations.
Histological ageing of fractures in infants: a practical algorithm for assessing infants suspected of accidental or non‐accidental injury
Authors: Naqvi Anie , Raynor Emma , Freemont Anthony J
Published: March 2019

Aims

This study is the first to systematically document histological features of fractures of known age in infants (≦12 months). It has been used to develop a tabulated database specifically to guide histopathologists to age fractures in children considered to have suffered accidental or non‐accidental injury (NAI). Currently in the United Kingdom there are insufficient pathologists with experience in histological ageing of fractures to meet the medicolegal need for this examination. This study provides a practical tool that will allow those skilled paediatric and forensic pathologists currently involved in assessing infants for evidence of accidental or non‐accidental injury a basis for extending their assessment into this area of unmet need.

Methods and results

One hundred and sixty‐nine fractures of known age at death were obtained from 52 anonymised infants over a period of 32 years (1985–2016 inclusive). Sections stained using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Martius scarlet blue (MSB) were used to identify specific histological features and to relate them to fracture age. In 1999 the data were entered into a tabulated database for fractures accumulated between from 1985 to 1998 inclusive. Thereafter cases were added, and at 2‐yearly intervals the accumulated data were audited against the previous database and adjustments made.

Conclusions

This paper describes the final data set from the 2017 audit. The study was terminated at the end of 2016, as there had been no material changes in the data set for three consecutive audits.
Micro‐ribonucleic acid expression signature of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer: Regulation of NCAPH by antitumor miR‐199a/b‐3p
Authors: Arai Takayuki , Kojima Satoko , Yamada Yasutaka , Sugawara Sho , Kato Mayuko , Yamazaki Kazuto , Naya Yukio , Ichikawa Tomohiko , Seki Naohiko
Published: March 2019

Objectives

To identify oncogenes regulated by micro‐ribonucleic acid, miR‐199a/b‐3p, in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer.

Methods

Advanced ribonucleic acid sequencing technologies were applied to construct a micro‐ribonucleic acid expression signature using metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer autopsy specimens. Ectopic expression of mature micro‐ribonucleic acids or small‐interfering ribonucleic acids were applied to functional assays for cancer cell lines. Genome‐wide gene expression and in silico database analyses were carried out to predict micro‐ribonucleic acid targets.

Results

Ectopic expression of miR‐199a/b inhibited cancer cell aggressiveness. The gene coding for non‐structural maintenance of chromosomes condensin I complex subunit H was directly regulated by miR‐199a/b‐3p. High expression of condensin I complex subunit H was significantly associated with poor disease‐free survival by The Cancer Genome Atlas database analysis (P < 0.0001). Overexpression of condensin I complex subunit H was detected in hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer and castration‐resistant prostate cancer specimens, and knockdown assays showed that its expression enhanced cancer cell migration and invasive abilities.

Conclusions

Small ribonucleic acid sequencing of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer specimens showed the presence of several antitumor micro‐ribonucleic acids whose targets are involved in hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer and metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer pathogenesis. Condensin I complex subunit H seems to be a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for this disease. Our approach, based on the roles of anti‐tumor micro‐ribonucleic acids and their targets, will contribute to an improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer and metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer.
Potential prognostic factors for delayed healing of common, non‐traumatic skin ulcers: A scoping review
Authors: Jenkins David A. , Mohamed Sundus , Taylor Joanne K. , Peek Niels , van der Veer Sabine N.
Published: March 2019

Healing of non‐traumatic skin ulcers is often suboptimal. Prognostic tools that identify people at high risk of delayed healing within the context of routine ulcer assessments may improve this, but robust evidence on which factors to include is lacking. Therefore, we scoped the literature to identify which potentially prognostic factors may warrant future systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. We conducted electronic searches in MEDLINE and Embase to identify studies in English published between 1997 and 2017 that tested the association between healing of the three most common non‐traumatic skin ulcers encountered by health care professionals (venous leg, diabetic foot, and pressure ulcers) and patient characteristics, ulcer characteristics, and results from clinical investigations. We included 42 studies that investigated factors which may be associated with the healing of venous leg ulcers (n = 17), diabetic foot ulcers (n = 15), and pressure ulcers (n = 10). Across ulcer types, ulcer characteristics were most commonly reported as potential prognostic factors for healing (n = 37), including the size of the ulcer area (n = 29) and ulcer duration at first assessment (n = 16). A total of 35 studies investigated the prognostic value of patient characteristics (n = 35), including age (n = 31), gender (n = 30), diabetes (n = 22), smoking status (n = 15), and history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (n = 13). Of these studies, 23 reported results from clinical investigations as potential prognostic factors, with the majority regarding vessel quality. Age, gender, diabetes, smoking status, history of DVT, ulcer area, and ulcer duration at time of first assessment warrant a systematic review and meta‐analysis to quantify their prognostic value for delayed ulcer healing.
Feel good now or regret it later? The respective roles of affective attitudes and anticipated affective reactions for explaining health‐promoting and health risk behavioral intentions
Authors: Stevens Courtney J. , Gillman Arielle S. , Gardiner Casey K. , Montanaro Erika A. , Bryan Angela D. , Conner Mark
Published: March 2019

Evidence supporting the incorporation of affective constructs, such as affective attitudes and anticipated regret, into theoretical models of health behavior has been mounting in recent years; however, the role of positive anticipated affective reactions (e.g., pride) has been largely unexplored. The purpose of the present investigation was to assess how affective attitudes and anticipated affective reactions (both pride and regret for performing a behavior or not) may provide distinct utility for understanding intentions to perform health‐promoting and health risk behaviors over and above cognitive attitudes and other established theoretical constructs from the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Participants (N = 210) were recruited via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to complete a one‐time online battery assessing TPB and affective constructs. Self‐reported intentions served as the main outcome measure, and hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine the effects of TPB and affective constructs across behaviors. Controlling for TPB constructs, more positive affective attitudes and greater anticipated regret, but not anticipated pride, predicted intentions to engage in future health behaviors. Anticipated affective reactions contributed explanatory variance for intentions to perform health risk behaviors, but anticipated pride and regret were not associated with intentions to perform health risk behaviors. Contributions made via the inclusion of both positively and negatively valence anticipated affective reactions for both action and inaction (performing a behavior or not) across a range of health promoting and health risk behaviors are discussed, as well as implications for future intervention work.
Defining Supply Chain Management: In the Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Min Soonhong , Zacharia Zach G. , Smith Carlo D.
Published: March 2019

The article titled “Defining Supply Chain Management” published in 2001 in the Journal of Business Logistics has been cited over 4,900 times in the last 17 years. In this paper, we first provide a historical review of how the article originated and the contributions the article made to both the theory and practice of supply chain management (SCM). Next, we highlight the key market and technological changes that have emerged in SCM followed by how the theory proposed in the 2001 article can still be relevant to support SCM research and practice going forward. We also propose ways of configuring a supply chain and partnering across companies to serve customers in an optimal way. We conclude with a call for research on developing new frameworks to better describe, explain, predict, and shed light on the evolving nature of SCM.
A functional interaction between Hippo‐YAP signalling and SREBPs mediates hepatic steatosis in diabetic mice
Authors: Shu Zhiping , Gao Yuan , Zhang Guopeng , Zhou Yu , Cao Jing , Wan Dongyi , Zhu Xiaohua , Xiong Wenqian
Published: March 2019

The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of organ size and tumorigenesis that negatively regulates cell growth and survival. Whether the Hippo pathway regulates cell metabolism is unknown. Here, we report that in the nucleus of hepatocytes, Yes‐associated protein(YAP)—the terminal effector of the Hippo pathway—directly interacts with sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP‐1c and SREBP‐2) on the promoters of the fatty acid synthase (FAS) and 30‐hydroxylmethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), thereby stimulating their transcription and promoting hepatocyte lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis. In diet‐induced diabetic mice, either Lats1 overexpression or YAP knockdown protects against hepatic steatosis and hyperlipidaemia through suppression of the interaction between YAP and SREBP‐1c/SREBP‐2. These results suggest that YAP is a nuclear co‐factor of SREBPs and that the Hippo pathway negatively affects hepatocyte lipogenesis by inhibiting the function of YAP‐SREBP complexes.
Fracture analysis of monolithic CAD‐CAM crowns
Authors: Kashkari Afnan , Yilmaz Burak , Brantley William A. , Schricker Scott R. , Johnston William M.
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare the integrity of zirconia, lithium disilicate, and zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate CAD‐CAM crowns after being subjected to cyclic loading and then subjected to static loading until fracture.

Material and Methods

Zirconia (Zirkonzahn), lithium disilicate (LDS, Ivoclar Vivadent AG), and zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate glass ceramic (ZLS) (Vita Suprinity, Vita Zahnfabrik) monolithic crowns were milled (n = 6). The crowns were bonded using composite resin cements and subjected to cyclic loading under wet conditions. Three specimens from each group were loaded for 10 000 cycles, and the other three specimens were loaded for 50 000 cycles with 250 N. Specimens were subjected to loading until fracture. Load‐to‐fracture values were analyzed with 2‐way (ANOVA) and Tukey‐Kramer post hoc test (α = 0.05). Specimens from each group were examined using an SEM.

Results

Mean load‐to‐fracture values among materials were significantly different from each other (P < 0.05). No significant effect of the number of cycles was found on the load‐to‐fracture values of crowns (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Load‐to‐fracture values of zirconia were higher than those of LDS, which were higher than those of ZLS. The number of fatigue loading cycles did not affect the load‐to‐fracture of the tested crowns for a given material.

Clinical Significance

More research needs to be conducted before considering the routine use of ZLS for molars in patients with high risk of parafunctional habits.
Human amnion epithelial cells and their soluble factors reduce liver fibrosis in murine non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Kuk Nathan , Hodge Alexander , Sun Ying , Correia Jeanne , Alhomrani Majid , Samuel Chrishan , Moore Gregory , Lim Rebecca , Sievert William
Published: March 2019

Background and Aim

Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, lifestyle modification is the only effective treatment. We have shown that human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) reduce inflammation and fibrosis in toxin‐induced liver injury models. We examined the effect of these cells and the soluble factors released by the cells into culture medium (hAEC conditioned medium [hAEC‐CM]) in a diet‐induced murine NASH model.

Methods

C57BL/6J male mice received a Western “fast food diet” for 42 weeks. Group 1 received an intraperitoneal injection of 2 × 106 hAECs at week 34, group 2 received an additional hAEC dose at week 38, and group 3 received thrice weekly hAEC‐CM injections intraperitoneal for 8 weeks from week 34. Liver fibrosis area, inflammation, and fibrosis regulators were measured by immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and gelatin zymography. Metabolic parameters were also assessed.

Results

Fast food diet‐fed mice demonstrated peri‐cellular hepatic fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis typical of NASH. Liver fibrosis area was reduced by 40% in hAEC‐treated and hAEC‐CM‐treated mice. hAEC treatment significantly reduced pSMAD 2/3 signaling and the number of activated hepatic stellate cells and liver macrophages. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 gene and protein expression were variably affected. hAEC treatment did not alter the NASH activity score or metabolic parameters such as bodyweight, total cholesterol, or glucose tolerance.

Conclusion

Human amnion epithelial cell and hAEC‐CM significantly reduced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in a diet‐induced non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease model. Although hAEC and hAEC‐CM did not affect the metabolic components of NASH, their therapeutic potential is promising and warrants further investigation.
Identification of Binge Eating Disorder Criteria: Results of a National Survey of Healthcare Providers
Authors: Chao Ariana M. , Rajagopalan Adithi V. , Tronieri Jena Shaw , Walsh Olivia , Wadden Thomas A.
Published: March 2019

Purpose

To determine whether general healthcare providers and adult psychiatrists recognized binge eating disorder (BED) symptoms and features. The aims were to examine how they delineated the core criteria ofBED—eating a large amount of food and sense of loss of control over eating—and how their evaluations compared to ratings byBEDexperts.

Design

This is a cross‐sectional study of a nationwide U.S. sample of healthcare providers and a convenience sample ofBEDexperts.

Methods

Providers were mailed surveys that asked respondents about their perceptions of a large amount of food and whether they thought case vignettes met thresholds for loss of control. Participants were also asked to selectBEDdiagnostic criteria from a symptom list. Results were analyzed using one‐way analyses of variance with post‐hoc comparisons and chi‐squared tests.

Findings

The survey was completed by 405 healthcare providers (response rate of 28.4%). Ratings of a large amount of food did not differ betweenBEDexperts and general healthcare providers (p= .10) or psychiatrists (p = .90). Provider groups did not differ significantly on whether five of the six vignettes met thresholds for loss of control (p> .05). Of the respondents, 93.0% of general healthcare providers and 88.6% of psychiatrists could not correctly identify the diagnostic criteria forBED.

Conclusions

Across provider groups, demarcation of a large amount of food and loss of control over eating were relatively consistent. However, general healthcare providers and psychiatrists were not able to correctly identifyBEDsymptoms.

Clinical Relevance

Training and education are greatly needed to improve knowledge of the diagnostic criteria forBED.
Economic Resources, Cultural Matching, and the Rural–Urban Boundary in China's Marriage Market
Authors: Zhou Yun
Published: March 2019

Objective: This article investigates marital sorting by household registration status (hukou) and education in contemporary urban China, paying special attention to individuals who have achieved rural‐to‐urban hukou mobility before marriage.

Background: Existing theoretical frameworks of assortative mating have highlighted economic resources and cultural matching as two key dimensions. These two frameworks place a different emphasis on individuals' achieved versus ascriptive characteristics and hold different implications for understanding the link between marital sorting patterns and social openness or closure. With a focus on hukou converters, this study examines the relative importance of achieved versus ascriptive traits in China's marriage market and contributes to the evaluation of the two frameworks.

Method: This study adopts a mixed‐methods approach. The quantitative analysis uses the harmonic mean marriage function to analyze the nationally representative 2006 China General Social Survey. The qualitative data consist of 115 in‐depth interviews collected in two Chinese metropolitan areas between 2016 and 2017.

Results: Quantitative results showed that hukou converters and urban‐born individuals had the highest propensity of marrying a spouse of the same hukou trajectory. Qualitative results further revealed the gap between converters and their urban‐born peers to be hierarchical. Although both groups emphasized the importance of shared values and habitus in evaluating prospective partners, urban‐born individuals regarded hukou converters as a culturally distinct and less desirable option.

Conclusion: The findings highlight the power of cultural matching in China's urban marriage market. Hukou converters' rural origin remains visible and acts as a source of lasting symbolic distinction despite adulthood status attainment.
In and Out of Balance: Industry Relatedness, Learning Capabilities and Post‐Acquisition Innovative Performance
Authors: Cefis Elena , Marsili Orietta , Rigamonti Damiana
Published: March 2019

The existence of an inverted U‐shaped effect of the relatedness between acquirer and acquired firm on the innovative performance subsequent to an acquisition is normally regarded as indicative of the existence of a trade‐off between exploration and exploitation in external innovation search. We argue that acquirers endowed with heterogeneous learning capabilities can alter the shape of the trade‐off to their favour. In particular, we focus on a notion of industry relatedness that captures the coherence between the domains of operation of the acquirer and the acquired firm. Using a longitudinal dataset of 1,736 domestic acquisitions in the Netherlands, we show that the heterogeneous learning capabilities of the acquirers alter the shape of the inverted‐U relationship, according to first‐ and second‐order moderating effects. Our results confirm that learning capabilities by internal R&D and by acquisition experience both improve what acquirers can achieve in innovative performance when industry relatedness is at the point of balance between exploration and exploitation. In contrast, they have opposite implications on the potential losses in innovative performance when industry relatedness is outside the point of balance: internal R&D increases the tolerance of the trade‐off, smoothing out potential innovation losses, whereas acquisition experience reduces it.
Bronchoalveolar lavage with pediatric flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope in pediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients: Nursing considerations for operative complications
Authors: Huang Rulin , Lin Wenchun , Fan Huifeng , Lu Gen , Yang Diyuan , Ma Lan , Lin Jiamian
Published: March 2019

Abstracts

Purpose

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with pediatric flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FB) is used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in pediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients with pulmonary complications. The aim of our study was to evaluate complications in pediatric HSCT patients undergoing BAL/FB and to explore the nursing emphases on complications.

Design and Methods

We performed a retrospective, case‐controlled study to evaluate perioperative complications of HSCT children. BAL/FB was conducted for 42 children with HSCT who experienced pulmonary complications between January 2017 and January 2018 within a tertiary hospital. Forty patients diagnosed with general pneumonia were randomly selected during the same period and served as the control group. We analyzed the signs and symptoms of all patients and compared the operative complications between the two groups. Furthermore, we presented the methods used to manage complications.

Results

The presence of cough, lung rales, and imaging findings in the HSCT patients was significantly different from that of the control group (p < 0.0001). The complication rate was 66.67% (28/42) in the HSCT group and 22.5% (9/40) in the control group, and the difference was significant (p < 0.0001). Twelve out of 42 HSCT patients experienced airway mucosal bleeding (28.57%), and six had transient fever (14.29%). The topical use of epinephrine diluted saline (1:10,000) was highly effective for controlling airway mucosal bleeding without causing fluctuations in blood pressure.

Practice Implications

There were more perioperative complications in the HSCT patients than in the general pneumonia patients who underwent BAL/FB. Airway mucosal bleeding was a key focus of perioperative nursing in HSCT patients undergoing bronchoscopy as main complication. BAL with the use of epinephrine diluted saline (1:10,000) effectively decreased airway mucosal bleeding.
Results of histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular clonality testing of small intestinal biopsy specimens from clinically healthy client‐owned cats
Authors: Marsilio Sina , Ackermann Mark R. , Lidbury Jonathan A. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Steiner Jörg M.
Published: March 2019

Background

Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular clonality testing are metrics frequently used to diagnose chronic enteropathy (CE) in cats. However, normal values for these metrics have been based mainly on samples from cats that were relatively young, specific pathogen‐free, or both.

Objectives

To describe results of histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and clonality testing of endoscopically‐derived biopsy specimens of the upper small intestinal tract from a cohort of clinically healthy client‐owned cats.

Animals

Twenty clinically healthy client‐owned cats ≥3 years of age.

Methods

Tissue specimens were collected from the stomach and duodenum and evaluated single blinded by a board‐certified pathologist. In addition, samples were evaluated by routine immunohistochemistry and clonality testing. Cats were followed after the procedure for signs of CE.

Results

Integrated results from histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and clonality testing were interpreted as consistent with small cell lymphoma (SCL; n = 12), emerging SCL (n = 1), lymphocytic enteritis (n = 6), and pseudoclonality (n = 1). On follow‐up, 3 cats eventually developed clinical signs of CE, of which 2 were euthanized 295 and 654 days post‐endoscopy. The remaining 17 cats did not show clinical signs of CE after a median of 709 days (range, 219‐869 days).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Intestinal biopsy specimens from clinically healthy client‐owned cats commonly had abnormal findings on histopathology, immunohistochemistry, clonality testing, or some combination of these without apparent clinical relevance. Current diagnostic metrics for diagnosing CE in cats may need modification to be applicable to the general population of cats.
Micronutrient status differs among Maasai and Kamba preschoolers in a supplementary feeding programme in Kenya
Authors: Houghton Lisa A. , Brown Rachel C. , Beaumont Sarah , Jennings Shona , Bailey Karl B. , Haszard Jillian J. , Erhardt Juergen , Daniels Lisa , Gibson Rosalind S.
Published: March 2019

Since 2001, ChildFund Kenya has supplied micronutrient fortified school meals to preschoolers from two tribes (Kamba and Maasai) attending early childhood development (ECD) centres in Emali, S.E. Kenya. Lack of information on the micronutrient status of the preschoolers prompted a cross‐sectional assessment of micronutrient (iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin D) status and prevalence of deficiencies among the two tribes. Data on sociodemographic, health, anthropometric status, and micronutrient supply from preschool meals were collected from 287 Kamba and 213 Maasai children aged 3 to 5 years attending 23 ECD centres. Nonfasting blood samples were collected for haemoglobin and plasma biomarkers of iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin D, C‐reactive protein (CRP), α1‐acid glycoprotein, and immunoglobin G. The prevalence of anaemia was significantly higher in Maasai children than Kamba (38%, 95% CI [31%, 45%], vs. 5%, [3%, 9%]), as well as iron deficiency and its various stages (P < 0.001). No differences were seen in the prevalence of zinc, selenium, vitamin A, or vitamin D deficiencies (all P > 0.05). Body iron, CRP, and age were significant predictors of haemoglobin concentrations for both tribes (all P < 0.006) and plasma 25‐OHD for Maasai children only. The higher prevalence of iron deficiency among Maasai than Kamba children was possibly attributed to the high consumption of cow's milk (low in bioavailable iron) in place of micronutrient fortified meals together with a higher prevalence of chronic inflammation and intestinal damage.
Association of renal function with cognition, functional ability and mood in the oldest‐old: The ‘Health and Anemia study’
Authors: Mandelli Sara , Riva Emma , Tettamanti Mauro , Detoma Paolo , Giacomin Adriano , Lucca Ugo
Published: March 2019

Aim

In this study, the relationship between kidney function, cognitive performance, functional abilities and mood was investigated in a community‐dwelling Italian oldest‐old population.

Methods

Serum creatinine was used to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula, for 415 oldest‐old without dementia participating in the ‘Health and Anemia’ study, a prospective, observational cohort study. The cross‐sectional associations of kidney function with cognitive performance on several neuropsychological tests, basic and instrumental functional abilities and mood were analyzed using univariate and multivariable linear regression models.

Results

Cognitive performance and functional ability significantly worsened with decreasing kidney function. After adjusting for age, sex, education, comorbidity index of the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS), body mass index, bone fracture and serum ferritin levels the associations of eGFR categories with basic and instrumental functional abilities continued to be statistically significant whereas that with global cognitive functions did not. No significant independent association was found between renal function and mood.

Conclusions

Oldest‐old with reduced kidney function showed greater basic and instrumental functional disabilities, while cognitive function, although decreased with decreasing eGFR, was no longer significantly associated with eGFR categories after adjusting for confounders.
Spatio‐temporal motility MRI analysis of the stomach and colon
Authors: Menys Alex , Hoad Caroline , Spiller Robin , Scott S. Mark , Atkinson David , Marciani Luca , Taylor Stuart A.
Published: March 2019

Background

MRI is increasingly used to objectively assess gastrointestinal motility. However, motility metrics often do not offer insights into the nature of contractile action. This study introduces a systematic method of making spatio‐temporal measurements of contractions, based on changes in bowel lumen diameter.

Methods

Two heterogeneous cohorts of subjects were selected displaying gastric (n = 15) and colonic motility (n = 20) on which to test the spatio‐temporal motility MRI (STMM) technique. STMM involved delineating the bowel lumen along with inner and outer bowel wall along a section of the gastrointestinal tract. A series of diameter measurements were made automatically across the central axis of the lumen. Measurements were automatically propagated through the time series using a previously validated algorithm. Contractions were quantitatively summarized with two methods measuring (a) normalized contraction plot (NCP) and (b) combined velocity distance (CVD) both of which can be visualized as spatio‐temporal motility maps. Both metrics were correlated against subjective visual scoring systems.

Key Results

Good correlation was seen between reader scores and both motility metrics (NCP, R = 0.85, P < 0.001, CVD, R = 0.93, R < 0.001) in the gastric data. Good correlation was also seen between the reader scores and the two metrics in the colonic data (NCP, R = 0.82, P < 0.001, CVD, R = 0.78, R < 0.001).

Conclusions and Inferences

Spatio‐temporal motility MRI analysis of the stomach and colon correlates well with reader scores in a range of datasets and provides both a quantitative and qualitative means of assessing contractile activity in the gastrointestinal tract.
The differences in the esophageal motility between liquid and solid bolus swallows: A multicenter high‐resolution manometry study in Chinese asymptomatic volunteers
Authors: Xiang Xuelian , Wang Ao , Tu Lei , Xie Xiaoping , Ke Meiyun , Yang Yunsheng , Jiang Bo , Lin Lin , Dai Ning , Zhang Shengsheng , Tao Lin , Xu Hong , Liang Xiaomei , Fang Xiucai , Xia Zhiwei , Wang Xin , Wu Jianuan , Wang Meifeng , Zhang Hongjie , Fang Yanfei , Shen Chen , Wang Jing , Peng Lihua , Li Wenyan , Wang Zhifeng , Wang Kun , Liu Na , Hou Xiaohua
Published: March 2019

Background

The results of the esophageal body motility differences between liquid and solid swallows from high‐resolution manometry (HRM) studies are not consistent. The information of the frequency of ineffective liquid and solid bolus swallows in healthy individuals during HRM procedure is limited. The normative values of the HRM parameters of both liquid and solid swallows for Chinese population are lacking.

Methods

The esophageal HRM data of 101 healthy volunteers from multicenters in China were analyzed. The values of the HRM parameters were summarized and compared between liquid and solid swallows. The frequencies of ineffective liquid and solid swallows were summarized.

Results

Esophagus contracted stronger and slower in solid bolus swallows than water swallows with HREM. Ineffective water swallow (DCI < 450 mm Hg.s.cm) and ineffective bread swallow (DCI < 800 mm Hg.s.cm) were frequently seen in asymptomatic individuals. The adding of bread swallows to the HREM procedure might cause diagnostic change in about 15.8% (16/101) of the asymptomatic individuals.

Conclusions

The vigor and velocity of the esophageal peristalsis between liquid and solid bolus swallows are different. Ineffective water and solid bolus swallows are not rare. Adding solid bolus swallows brings diagnostic change, and it may be needed routinely for the HRM procedure.
Electronic health record as a panopticon: A disciplinary apparatus in nursing practice
Authors: Dillard‐Wright Jessica
Published: March 2019

The specific arrangements of power/knowledge that characterize nurse interactions with the electronic health record form a panopticon. As health care moves into the 21st century, sophisticated technologies like the electronic health record shape the terrain of professional possibilities. The longer it is in use, the more it is possible to excavate the inherent disciplinary function of electronic health record. A panopticon is a generalizable, replicable apparatus of power that cultivates discipline when similar behaviours are desired from a group of people. This paper traces the arrangements of power/knowledge that characterize nurse interactions with the electronic health record rooted in a trauma critical care setting. Examining the apparatuses of power/knowledge enforced through panopticism in nursing makes the invisible visible. This in turn enables nurses to address the intended and unintended consequences of the electronic health record. If nurses are to effectively shape the direction of their own futures and the future of health care, nurses will need to unpack the invisible techniques of power such as the electronic health record as a panopticon. In the process of building a visible identity, contextualizing nursing knowledge to better care for patients on the one hand and understand the relationships of power that limit us on the other, nurses are neither apolitical nor powerless. Considering the dialectic of power/knowledge in the healthcare setting helps to illuminate spaces to recharacterize nursing, reveal the contributions and knowledge of nurses, and consolidate the professional power of nurses to affect meaningful change and self‐governance in the healthcare setting.