bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective synthesis of high-content fructooligosaccharides in engineered Aspergillus niger
Authors: Wan Xiufen , Wang Lu , Chang Jingjing , Zhang Jing , Zhang Zhiyun , Li Kewen , Sun Guilian , Liu Caixia , Zhong Yaohua
Published: March 2024

Background

Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611 is an industrially important fructooligosaccharides (FOS) producer since it produces the β-fructofuranosidase with superior transglycosylation activity, which is responsible for the conversion of sucrose to FOS accompanied by the by-product (glucose) generation. This study aims to consume glucose to enhance the content of FOS by heterologously expressing glucose oxidase and peroxidase in engineered A. niger.

Results

Glucose oxidase was successfully expressed and co-localized with β-fructofuranosidase in mycelia. These mycelia were applied to synthesis of FOS, which possessed an increased purity of 60.63% from 52.07%. Furthermore, peroxidase was expressed in A. niger and reached 7.70 U/g, which could remove the potential inhibitor of glucose oxidase to facilitate the FOS synthesis. Finally, the glucose oxidase-expressing strain and the peroxidase-expressing strain were jointly used to synthesize FOS, which content achieved 71.00%.

Conclusions

This strategy allows for obtaining high-content FOS by the multiple enzymes expressed in the industrial fungus, avoiding additional purification processes used in the production of oligosaccharides. This study not only facilitated the high-purity FOS synthesis, but also demonstrated the potential of A. niger ATCC 20611 as an enzyme-producing cell factory.
The critical pharmaceutical situation in Sudan 2023: A humanitarian catastrophe of civil war
Authors: Hemmeda Lina , Tiwari Angad , Kolawole Barakat Olajumoke , Ayoobkhan Fathima Shehnaz , Fatima Kainat , Shabani Moshi Moshi , Kundu Mrinmoy , Anugu NagaSpurthy Reddy , Richard Riya Mary , Ibrahim Danya , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed
Published: March 2024

The situation in Sudan have deteriorated since the ongoing war outbreak in April 2023. This article sheds light on the pharmacological status in Sudan in terms of shortage of supply, rising demands, and regulatory issues. The ongoing civil war has acutely impacted the dilapidated pharmaceutical status of Sudan, patients have suffered from the paucity of medical services forcing an out-of-control rise in underreported morbidity and mortality. To mitigate this uprising issue, an increase in stakeholder communication is crucial to deal with this national threat and establish a system for reporting the shortage.
Effects of sustained viral response on lipid in Hepatitis C: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mei Tingting , Huang Xiaojie , Tang Shan , Liu Menglu , Zhang Wenyan , Yu Haibin
Published: March 2024

Background

Direct-acting Antiviral Agents (DAAs) influence serum lipids of patients with Hepatitis C virus (HCV). This paper presents an analysis of the relevant literature to investigate the effects of DAAs in treating hepatitis C to achieve a sustained viral response (SVR) on lipid parameters.

Methods

PubMed,Web of science, Embase and Central databases were searched, with a deadline of September 2023. Studies on the effects of sustained viral response on lipid parameters after DAAs treatment for hepatitis C were selected. The required information was extracted from the included studies, and then the Stata 12.0 was used to analyze the data quantitatively.

Results

Of 32 studies, the results showed that total cholesterol (TC) levels increased from the end of treatment (WMD = 20.144, 95%CI = 3.404, 36.884,P = 0.018) to one year after treatment (WMD = 24.900, 95%CI = 13.669, 36.131, P < 0.001). From the end of treatment (WMD = 17.728, 95%CI = 4.375, 31.082, P = 0.009) to one year after treatment (WMD = 18.528, 95%CI = 7.622, 29.433, P < 0.001), the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were also increased. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were elevated from 4 weeks after treatment (WMD = 6.665, 95%CI = 3.906, 9.424, P < 0.001) to 24 weeks after treatment (WMD = 3.159,95% CI = 0.176, 6.142, P = 0.038). Triglyceride (TG) levels showed no significant change after the treatment.

Conclusions

Hepatitis C patients who achieved SVR on DAAs showed the increase of lipid levels and the improvement of hepatic inflammation indicators AST and ALT. This may provide evidence-based medical evidence for the follow-up and monitoring of blood lipids and hyperlipidemia treatment.

Registration

PROSPERO CRD42020180793.
Strategies for labelling of exogenous and endogenous extracellular vesicles and their application for in vitro and in vivo functional studies
Authors: Boudna Marie , Campos Andres Delgado , Vychytilova-Faltejskova Petra , Machackova Tana , Slaby Ondrej , Souckova Kamila
Published: March 2024

This review presents a comprehensive overview of labelling strategies for endogenous and exogenous extracellular vesicles, that can be utilised both in vitro and in vivo. It covers a broad spectrum of approaches, including fluorescent and bioluminescent labelling, and provides an analysis of their applications, strengths, and limitations. Furthermore, this article presents techniques that use radioactive tracers and contrast agents with the ability to track EVs both spatially and temporally. Emphasis is also placed on endogenous labelling mechanisms, represented by Cre-lox and CRISPR-Cas systems, which are powerful and flexible tools for real-time EV monitoring or tracking their fate in target cells. By summarizing the latest developments across these diverse labelling techniques, this review provides researchers with a reference to select the most appropriate labelling method for their EV based research.
Characterizing neuroinflammation and identifying prenatal diagnostic markers for neural tube defects through integrated multi-omics analysis
Authors: Wang Wenshuang , Ji Yanhong , Dong Zhexu , Liu Zheran , Chen Shuang , Dai Lei , Su Xiaolan , Jiang Qingyuan , Deng Hongxin
Published: March 2024

Background

Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) are congenital malformations of the central nervous system resulting from the incomplete closure of the neural tube during early embryonic development. Neuroinflammation refers to the inflammatory response in the nervous system, typically resulting from damage to neural tissue. Immune-related processes have been identified in NTDs, however, the detailed relationship and underlying mechanisms between neuroinflammation and NTDs remain largely unclear. In this study, we utilized integrated multi-omics analysis to explore the role of neuroinflammation in NTDs and identify potential prenatal diagnostic markers using a murine model.

Methods

Nine public datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and ArrayExpress were mined using integrated multi-omics analysis to characterize the molecular landscape associated with neuroinflammation in NTDs. Special attention was given to the involvement of macrophages in neuroinflammation within amniotic fluid, as well as the dynamics of macrophage polarization and their interactions with neural cells at single-cell resolution. We also used qPCR assay to validate the key TFs and candidate prenatal diagnostic genes identified through the integrated analysis in a retinoic acid-induced NTDs mouse model.

Results

Our analysis indicated that neuroinflammation is a critical pathological feature of NTDs, regulated both transcriptionally and epigenetically within central nervous system tissues. Key alterations in gene expression and pathways highlighted the crucial role of STATs molecules in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in regulating NTDs-associated neuroinflammation. Furthermore, single-cell resolution analysis revealed significant polarization of macrophages and their interaction with neural cells in amniotic fluid, underscoring their central role in mediating neuroinflammation associated with NTDs. Finally, we identified a set of six potential prenatal diagnostic genes, including FABP7, CRMP1, SCG3, SLC16A10, RNASE6 and RNASE1, which were subsequently validated in a murine NTDs model, indicating their promise as prospective markers for prenatal diagnosis of NTDs.

Conclusions

Our study emphasizes the pivotal role of neuroinflammation in the progression of NTDs and underlines the potential of specific inflammatory and neural markers as novel prenatal diagnostic tools. These findings provide important clues for further understanding the underlying mechanisms between neuroinflammation and NTDs, and offer valuable insights for the future development of prenatal diagnostics.
Impact of myelofibrosis on patients with myelodysplastic syndromes following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Zhu Panpan , Lai Xiaoyu , Liu Lizhen , Shi Jimin , Yu Jian , Zhao Yanmin , Yang Luxin , Yang Tingting , Zheng Weiyan , Sun Jie , Wu Wenjun , Zhao Yi , Cai Zhen , Huang He , Luo Yi
Published: March 2024

Background

The prognostic significance of myelofibrosis (MF) grade in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) following an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remains elusive.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from 153 patients with MDS who underwent allo-HSCT and divided the patients into the MF-0/1 (N = 119) and MF-2/3 (N = 34) cohorts to explore the impact of MF on outcomes of allo-HSCT.

Results

The 2-year rates of relapse, non-relapse mortality (NRM), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were 10.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.9%–17.7%), 16.3% (95% CI 10.2%–23.6%), 76.6% (95% CI 69.0%–85.1%), and 72.8% (95% CI 65.0%–81.5%) in the MF-0/1 cohort, and 16.9% (95% CI 5.8%–32.9%), 14.7% (95% CI 5.3%–28.7%), 71.8% (95% CI 57.6%–89.6%), and 68.4% (95% CI 53.6%–87.2%) in the MF-2/3 cohort, respectively. No significant difference in the outcomes of allo-HSCT was observed between the two cohorts. Both univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that MF-2/3 in patients with MDS had no effect on the prognosis of transplantation. In addition, major/bidirectional ABO blood type between donors and recipients was an independent risk factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.55; 95% CI 1.25–5.21; P = 0.010) and PFS (HR, 2.21; 95% CI 1.10–4.42; P = 0.025) in the multivariate analysis. In the subgroup of patients diagnosed with MDS with increased blasts (MDS-IB), it was consistently demonstrated that the clinical outcomes of the MF-2/3 cohort were comparable with those of the MF-0/1 cohort. The risk factors for OS and PFS in patients with MDS-IB were non-complete remission at transplantation and major/bidirectional ABO blood type.

Conclusions

In conclusion, MF grade had no significant effect on prognosis of allo-HSCT in patients diagnosed with MDS. Major/bidirectional ABO blood type should be carefully considered in the context of more than one available donor.
Border-associated macrophages in the central nervous system
Authors: Sun Rui , Jiang Haowu
Published: March 2024

Tissue-resident macrophages play an important role in the local maintenance of homeostasis and immune surveillance. In the central nervous system (CNS), brain macrophages are anatomically divided into parenchymal microglia and non-parenchymal border-associated macrophages (BAMs). Among these immune cell populations, microglia have been well-studied for their roles during development as well as in health and disease. BAMs, mostly located in the choroid plexus, meningeal and perivascular spaces, are now gaining increased attention due to advancements in multi-omics technologies and genetic methodologies. Research on BAMs over the past decade has focused on their ontogeny, immunophenotypes, involvement in various CNS diseases, and potential as therapeutic targets. Unlike microglia, BAMs display mixed origins and distinct self-renewal capacity. BAMs are believed to regulate neuroimmune responses associated with brain barriers and contribute to immune-mediated neuropathology. Notably, BAMs have been observed to function in diverse cerebral pathologies, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, and gliomas. The elucidation of the heterogeneity and diverse functions of BAMs during homeostasis and neuroinflammation is mesmerizing, since it may shed light on the precision medicine that emphasizes deep insights into programming cues in the unique brain immune microenvironment. In this review, we delve into the latest findings on BAMs, covering aspects like their origins, self-renewal capacity, adaptability, and implications in different brain disorders.
Chinmedomics: a potent tool for the evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine efficacy and identification of its active components
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Yin Fengting , Kong Ling , Yang Le , Sun Hui , Sun Ye , Yan Guangli , Han Ying , Wang Xijun
Published: March 2024

As an important part of medical science, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) attracts much public attention due to its multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics in treating diseases. However, the limitations of traditional research methods pose a dilemma for the evaluation of clinical efficacy, the discovery of active ingredients and the elucidation of the mechanism of action. Therefore, innovative approaches that are in line with the characteristics of TCM theory and clinical practice are urgently needed. Chinmendomics, a newly emerging strategy for evaluating the efficacy of TCM, is proposed. This strategy combines systems biology, serum pharmacochemistry of TCM and bioinformatics to evaluate the efficacy of TCM with a holistic view by accurately identifying syndrome biomarkers and monitoring their complex metabolic processes intervened by TCM, and finding the agents associated with the metabolic course of pharmacodynamic biomarkers by constructing a bioinformatics-based correlation network model to further reveal the interaction between agents and pharmacodynamic targets. In this article, we review the recent progress of Chinmedomics to promote its application in the modernisation and internationalisation of TCM.
A systematic review of real-world evidence (RWE) supportive of new drug and biologic license application approvals in rare diseases
Authors: Vaghela Shailja , Tanni Kaniz Afroz , Banerjee Geetanjoli , Sikirica Vanja
Published: March 2024

Background

Real-world evidence (RWE) generated using real-world data (RWD) presents the potential to contextualize and/or supplement traditional clinical trials for regulatory approval of rare diseases (RDs). This systematic review evaluated the use of RWD for non-oncologic RD therapies with orphan drug designation (ODD) to support efficacy outcomes in regulatory application packages to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). New drug applications (NDAs) and biologic license applications (BLAs) submitted between January 2017 and October 2022 were obtained from publicly available FDA drug approval websites. NDAs and BLAs of non-oncologic RD therapies were screened, and manually reviewed using RWE-related keywords. Quantitative summary of number/proportion of study types was provided, whereas qualitative synthesis focused on key categories of output assessing the use of RWD in overall drug approval process, including agency’s feedback on its strengths and key challenges.

Results

A total of 868 NDAs and BLAs were identified, of which 243 were screened for non-oncologic RDs with ODD, and 151 were subsequently reviewed for the RWD used to support efficacy outcomes. Twenty (12 NDAs, 8 BLAs) applications met the review inclusion criteria. Most (19; 95%) applications used only retrospective RWD, while one (5%) collected RWD both retrospectively and prospectively. RWD studies included natural history including registry-based/retrospective historical controls (14; 70%), retrospective medical chart-reviews (4; 20%), and external RWD controls from other studies (2; 10%). The FDA generally accepted RWD studies demonstrating a large effect size despite the noted concerns and criticisms. However, the agency expressed concerns about overall quality and comparability of RWD with trial data for some applications, including RWD study designs with respect to differences in patients’ baseline characteristics, missing information, and potential bias and measurement errors.

Conclusions

This systematic review highlights potential benefits of appropriately conducted RWE studies in RD, which can strengthen the clinical evidence for efficacy comparison and contextualization to support product approval efforts, particularly when a large magnitude of effect is observed for the new intervention. Nonetheless, quality and completeness of RWD and its comparability with trial data remain areas of concern that can serve as valuable learnings for advancing future science and regulatory approvals.
Lymphatic drainage of sinonasal malignancies and the role of sentinel node biopsies
Authors: Kashani Fatemeh , Weiss BG , Bartenstein P , Canis M , Haubner F
Published: March 2024

Background

Locoregional recurrence is a critical factor in the prognosis of sinonasal malignancies. Due to the rarity of these tumours, as well as the heterogeneity of histologies and anatomical subsites, there is little evidence regarding the rate and location of regional metastases in sinonasal malignancies. Elective regional lymph node dissection in the therapy of sinonasal malignancies has become controversial. On the one hand, elective regional lymph node dissection is considered to be an overtreatment in the cN0 cases. On the other hand, undetected occult lymphatic metastases are associated with a poor prognosis. In this study, we discuss the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy as a minimally invasive procedure in the treatment of sinonasal malignancies based on our two years of practical experience and the currently available data.

Results

This is a descriptive, monocentric, retrospective study, including 20 cases of cN0 malignant sinonasal neoplasm, that underwent a surgical therapy between 2020 and 2022. The following aspects were investigated: tumour entity, localisation of the primary tumour, tumoral stage, localisation of the sentinel lymph nodes, and postoperative complications. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequently diagnosed tumour entity (50%), followed by adenocarcinoma (20%) and malignant melanoma (15%), adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Sentinel lymph nodes were most frequently found in the ipsilateral neck region I (45%), followed by the ipsilateral neck region II (40%). In all cases, the removed lymph nodes were free of malignancy. There were no postoperative complications due to lymph node biopsy. There were no recurrences during the study period.

Conclusion

Sentinel node biopsy could add more safety to the management of cN0 sinonasal malignancies due to its low morbidity. Whether SNB could provide an alternative to elective neck dissection in the management of SNM should be investigated in further studies.
Low CD4 + T cell count is related to specific anti-nuclear antibodies, IFNα protein positivity and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus pregnancy
Authors: Torell Agnes , Stockfelt Marit , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Akhter Tansim , Leonard Dag , Rönnblom Lars , Pihl Sofia , Saleh Muna , Sjöwall Christopher , Strevens Helena , Jönsen Andreas , Bengtsson Anders A. , Trysberg Estelle , Majczuk Sennström Maria , Zickert Agneta , Svenungsson Elisabet , Gunnarsson Iva , Bylund Johan , Jacobsson Bo , Rudin Anna , Lundell Anna-Carin
Published: March 2024

Background

Lymphopenia, autoantibodies and activation of the type I interferon (IFN) system are common features in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We speculate whether lymphocyte subset counts are affected by pregnancy and if they relate to autoantibody profiles and/or IFNα protein in SLE pregnancy.

Methods

Repeated blood samples were collected during pregnancy from 80 women with SLE and 51 healthy controls (HC). Late postpartum samples were obtained from 19 of the women with SLE. Counts of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, B cells and NK cells were measured by flow cytometry. Positivity for anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) fine specificities (double-stranded DNA [dsDNA], Smith [Sm], ribonucleoprotein [RNP], chromatin, Sjögren’s syndrome antigen A [SSA] and B [SSB]) and anti-phospholipid antibodies (cardiolipin [CL] and β2 glycoprotein I [β2GPI]) was assessed with multiplexed bead assay. IFNα protein concentration was quantified with Single molecule array (Simoa) immune assay. Clinical data were retrieved from medical records.

Results

Women with SLE had lower counts of all lymphocyte subsets compared to HC throughout pregnancy, but counts did not differ during pregnancy compared to postpartum. Principal component analysis revealed that low lymphocyte subset counts differentially related to autoantibody profiles, cluster one (anti-dsDNA/anti-Sm/anti-RNP/anti-Sm/RNP/anti-chromatin), cluster two (anti-SSA/anti-SSB) and cluster three (anti-CL/anti-β2GPI), IFNα protein levels and disease activity. CD4 + T cell counts were lower in women positive to all ANA fine specificities in cluster one compared to those who were negative, and B cell numbers were lower in women positive for anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm compared to negative women. Moreover, CD4 + T cell and B cell counts were lower in women with moderate/high compared to no/low disease activity, and CD4 + T cell count was lower in IFNα protein positive relative to negative women. Finally, CD4 + T cell count was unrelated to treatment.

Conclusion

Lymphocyte subset counts are lower in SLE compared to healthy pregnancies, which seems to be a feature of the disease per se and not affected by pregnancy. Our results also indicate that low lymphocyte subset counts relate differentially to autoantibody profiles, IFNα protein levels and disease activity, which could be due to divergent disease pathways.
Transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of fetal versus adult mesenchymal stromal cells and mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Gençer Emine Begüm , Lor Yuk Kit , Abomaray Fawaz , El Andaloussi Samir , Pernemalm Maria , Sharma Nidhi , Hagey Daniel W , Görgens André , Gustafsson Manuela O , Le Blanc Katarina , Asad Toonsi Mawaddah , Walther-Jallow Lilian , Götherström Cecilia
Published: March 2024

Background

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) can regenerate tissues through engraftment and differentiation but also via paracrine signalling via extracellular vesicles (EVs). Fetal-derived MSCs (fMSCs) have been shown, both in vitro and in animal studies, to be more efficient than adult MSC (aMSCs) in generating bone and muscle but the underlying reason for this difference has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, we aimed to systematically investigate the differences between fetal and adult MSCs and MSC-derived EVs at the phenotypic, RNA, and protein levels.

Methods

We carried out a detailed and comparative characterization of culture-expanded fetal liver derived MSCs (fMSCs) and adult bone marrow derived MSCs (aMSCs) phenotypically, and the MSCs and MSC-derived EVs were analysed using transcriptomics and proteomics approaches with RNA Sequencing and Mass Spectrometry.

Results

Fetal MSCs were smaller, exhibited increased proliferation and colony-forming capacity, delayed onset of senescence, and demonstrated superior osteoblast differentiation capability compared to their adult counterparts. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that fMSCs displayed upregulated gene sets such as “Positive regulation of stem cell populations”, “Maintenance of stemness” and “Muscle cell development/contraction/Myogenesis” in comparison to aMSCs. Conversely, aMSCs displayed upregulated gene sets such as “Complement cascade”, “Adipogenesis”, “Extracellular matrix glycoproteins” and “Cellular metabolism”, and on the protein level, “Epithelial cell differentiation” pathways. Signalling entropy analysis suggested that fMSCs exhibit higher signalling promiscuity and hence, higher potency than aMSCs. Gene ontology comparisons revealed that fetal MSC-derived EVs (fEVs) were enriched for “Collagen fibril organization”, “Protein folding”, and “Response to transforming growth factor beta” compared to adult MSC-derived EVs (aEVs), whereas no significant difference in protein expression in aEVs compared to fEVs could be detected.

Conclusions

This study provides detailed and systematic insight into the differences between fMSCs and aMSCs, and MSC-derived EVs. The key finding across phenotypic, transcriptomic and proteomic levels is that fMSCs exhibit higher potency than aMSCs, meaning they are in a more undifferentiated state. Additionally, fMSCs and fMSC-derived EVs may possess greater bone forming capacity compared to aMSCs. Therefore, using fMSCs may lead to better treatment efficacy, especially in musculoskeletal diseases.
Ground deformations associated with an overpressurized hydrothermal systems at Azuma volcano (Japan) revealed by InSAR data
Authors: Himematsu Yuji , Ozawa Taku
Published: March 2024

Inflations at active volcanoes are indicators of overpressure in the subsurface, which is known to be a phenomenon that precedes eruptions. Volcanic overpressure is induced by the injection of magmatic fluids, accumulated magma, or heat supply from greater depths. Azuma volcano (Japan) has experienced several episodes of volcanic unrest with increases in seismicity at the depth of the hydrothermal system, implying a potential increase in phreatic eruptions. The time series of interferometric synthetic aperture radar data, associated with the unrest episodes occurring in 2014–2015 and 2018–2019, revealed spatiotemporal variations of inflation episodes, centered around Oana crater, the most active fumarole of Azuma volcano. The modeled best-fit geometry of the elongated pressure source for the local deformation has the same dip as the overlying topographic slope direction and angle around Oana crater, suggesting the existence of topography-correlated layered structures within the hydrothermal system. In contrast, the broader deformation associated with the 2014–2015 unrest was explained by the overpressure of a horizontal flat source at 360–1500 m below sea level, showing the similar depth of the top as the conductive low-resistivity or low-viscosity body suggested by previous studies. The unrest episodes were thus interpreted as resulting mainly from the supply of magmatic fluids, or the transfer of heat from greater depths. Our study helps in understanding the shallow structure of this volcanic system and contributes to evaluating the potential for forthcoming eruptions in Azuma volcano.

Graphical Abstract
Evaluation of dispensaries’ cannabis flowers for accuracy of labeling of cannabinoids content
Authors: Geweda Mona M. , Majumdar Chandrani G. , Moore Malorie N. , Elhendawy Mostafa A. , Radwan Mohamed M. , Chandra Suman , ElSohly Mahmoud A.
Published: March 2024

Background

Cannabis policies have changed drastically over the last few years with many states enacting medical cannabis laws, and some authorizing recreational use; all against federal laws. As a result, cannabis products are marketed in dispensaries in different forms, most abundantly as flowers intended for smoking and sometimes vaping. All samples used in this study were obtained directly from law enforcement. The sample collection process was facilitated and funded by the National Marijuana Initiative (NMI), part of the High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) program. This initial report focuses on cannabis flowers. Similar studies with other cannabis products will be the subject of a future report.

Methods

A total of 107 Δ9-THC cannabis flower samples were collected by law enforcement from adult commercial use cannabis dispensaries, located in three different states (Colorado, Oregon, and California) and analyzed in this study for cannabinoid concentration. Samples were analyzed by GC-FID following our previously published procedure.

Discussion

The label claims for total Δ9-THC content ranged from 12.04 to 58.20% w/w, while GC-FID results showed a concentration ranging from 12.95 to 36.55% w/w. Of the evaluated 107 products, only 32 samples have Δ9-THC content within ± 20% of the labeled content. However, the remaining 75 samples were found to be out of the ± 20% acceptance criteria. The degree of agreement for the tested samples using ± 20% tolerance with label claims was only 30%. The results of this study indicate that there is a need for more stringent regulations to ensure that product labeling is accurate, as 70% of the evaluated products did not meet the ± 20% acceptance criteria. This highlights the importance of healthcare professionals and patients being vigilant about the Δ9-THC content, as inaccurate labeling of cannabis products could potentially result in adverse health effects. Furthermore, there is a pressing need for more rigorous regulation of commercial cannabis products in the United States.
Cannabis and Cannabinoids in Adults With Cancer: ASCO Guideline
Authors: Braun Ilana M. , Bohlke Kari , Abrams Donald I. , Anderson Holly , Balneaves Lynda G. , Bar-Sela Gil , Bowles Daniel W. , Chai Peter R. , Damani Anuja , Gupta Arjun , Hallmeyer Sigrun , Subbiah Ishwaria M. , Twelves Chris , Wallace Mark S. , Roeland Eric J.
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE

To guide clinicians, adults with cancer, caregivers, researchers, and oncology institutions on the medical use of cannabis and cannabinoids, including synthetic cannabinoids and herbal cannabis derivatives; single, purified cannabinoids; combinations of cannabis ingredients; and full-spectrum cannabis.

METHODS

A systematic literature review identified systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and cohort studies on the efficacy and safety of cannabis and cannabinoids when used by adults with cancer. Outcomes of interest included antineoplastic effects, cancer treatment toxicity, symptoms, and quality of life. PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched from database inception to January 27, 2023. ASCO convened an Expert Panel to review the evidence and formulate recommendations.

RESULTS

The evidence base consisted of 13 systematic reviews and five additional primary studies (four RCTs and one cohort study). The certainty of evidence for most outcomes was low or very low.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Cannabis and/or cannabinoid access and use by adults with cancer has outpaced the science supporting their clinical use. This guideline provides strategies for open, nonjudgmental communication between clinicians and adults with cancer about the use of cannabis and/or cannabinoids. Clinicians should recommend against using cannabis or cannabinoids as a cancer-directed treatment unless within the context of a clinical trial. Cannabis and/or cannabinoids may improve refractory, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting when added to guideline-concordant antiemetic regimens. Whether cannabis and/or cannabinoids can improve other supportive care outcomes remains uncertain. This guideline also highlights the critical need for more cannabis and/or cannabinoid research. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/supportive-care-guidelines .
Improving Diabetic Wound-Healing Outcomes With Topical Growth Factor Therapies
Authors: Wong Andrew Yew Wei , Hooi Natalie Ming Foong , Yeo Brian Sheng Yep , Sultana Rehena , Bee Yong Mong , Lee Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin , Tay Sook Muay
Published: March 2024

Context

Diabetes mellitus is associated with morbid complications such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) that may lead to amputations or mortality if not managed adequately.

Objective

New adjunctive interventions to treat diabetic wounds include topical biologics and growth factors. This study aims to evaluate their efficacy in improving wound-healing outcomes and safety.

Methods

Comprehensive database searches of MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane were performed from inception to December 2022. Three independent researchers selected the studies. Randomized controlled trials that compared the use of a topical biologic growth factor-containing regimen to other biologics or standard of care (SOC) were included. This review followed PRISMA guidelines. Risk of bias analysis was performed using the Jadad scale. Network meta-analysis was performed. Treatments were grouped into common nodes based on the type of biologic agent. Primary outcomes of interest were healing rate and time to wound closure. Secondary outcomes included wound infection, serious adverse events (AEs), and amputation rate.

Results

Human umbilical cord (HUC) was associated with the highest cure, followed by recombinant human epidermal growth factor (hEGF). A significantly greater reduction in the time to cure DFUs was seen in HUC, hEGF, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). There was a significantly lower risk of AEs when platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was administered.

Conclusion

HUC, hEGF, and FGF are promising topical biologics with statistically significant primary outcomes compared to SOC, while PRP is effective in reducing ulcer-related AEs. HUC has been found to be the most effective in terms of cure rate and a reduction in time to cure.
Approach to the Patient With Bilateral Adrenal Masses
Authors: Vassiliadi Dimitra Argyro , Delivanis Danae Anastasia , Papalou Olga , Tsagarakis Stylianos
Published: March 2024

Bilateral adrenal masses, increasingly encountered in clinical practice, manifest across diverse contexts, including incidental discovery, malignancy staging, and targeted imaging after hormonal diagnosis of adrenal disorders. The spectrum encompasses various pathologies, such as cortical adenomas, macronodular adrenal disease, pheochromocytomas, myelolipomas, infiltrative disorders, and primary and secondary malignancies. Notably, not all masses in both adrenal glands necessarily share the same etiology, often exhibiting diverse causes. Recently, the European Society of Endocrinology and the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors updated guidelines, introduced a 4-option schema based on imaging, aiding in targeted hormonal testing and management. This “Approach to the Patient” review delves into the latest advancements in imaging, biochemical, and genetic approaches for the diagnostic and management nuances of bilateral adrenal masses. It provides insights and a contemporary framework for navigating the complexities associated with this clinical entity.
Pengembangan Pemasaran Digital dan Finansial bagi Pengusaha Perempuan dalam Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro di Surabaya
Authors: Rukmi Alvida Mustika , Irawan Mohammad Isa , Mukhlash Imam , Hidayat Nurul , Iqbal Mohammad
Published: March 2024

The Homemade adalah salah satu UMKM yang sedang berkembang di Surabaya, menghasilkan produk kuliner berbahan baku lokal daerah berupa sambal dan camilan. UMKM The Homemade masih termasuk dalam kategori usaha mikro namun mampu membuktikan produknya dapat meraih animo pasar di kota Surabaya khususnya Surabaya timur, dimana produk The Homemade sudah dijual di toko sambal Bu Rudi Surabaya. UMKM The Homemade didirikan oleh seorang wanita yang berkeinginan agar para wanita di sekitar tempat tinggalnya dapat turut serta dalam kegiatan bisnisnya. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh pemilik UMKM The Homemade berkenaan dengan strategi bisnis, pemasaran, dan pengelolaan finansial. Perancangan strategi bisnis dengan menggunakan bisnis model kanvas (BMC), disusun berdasarkan faktor internal dan eksternal yang ada dan BMC sangat mudah untuk diaplikasikan dalam bisnis. Penggunaan aplikasi pemasaran thehomemade.id berbasis web membantu pengusaha UMKM The Homemade dalam pemasaran agar mampu meningkatkan volume penjualan dan memperluas pangsa pasar. Sedangkan aplikasi finansial yakni aplikasi kasir pintar membantu dalam pengelolaan hasil penjualan. Usaha UMKM The Homemade diharapkan mampu bersaing terutama dalam penyajian produk kuliner yang higienis. Hasilnya kini UMKM tersebut mampu menghasilkan produk dan market yang bagus sehingga UMKM ini dapat berkembang menjadi usaha madani kedepannya.
Pembuatan Teknologi Tepat Guna Lampu Tenaga Surya di Dusun Badu, Desa Wanar, Kecamatan Pucuk, Lamongan
Authors: Fitriyanah Dwi Nur , Raditya Murry , Aisyah Putri Yeni , Radhy Ahmad , Iswahyudi Anggi Pradhita , Asrifatin Syarifah Ambarani
Published: March 2024

Dusun Badu terletak di Desa Wanar, Kecamatan Pucuk, Kabupaten Lamongan, Jawa Timur. Penerangan jalan desa di Dusun Badu masih menggunakan listrik PLN dan jumlahnya sedikit. Kurangnya penerangan sepanjang jalan desa, dapat mengurangi produktivitas warga ketika di malam hari. Selain itu, pengetahuan warga terhadap teknologi tepat guna khususnya panel surya juga kurang. Berangkat dari keluhan mitra terhadap kurangnya pengetahuan warga terhadap panel surya, maka diperlukan pelatihan pembuatan teknologi tepat guna lampu tenaga surya supaya dapat mengembangkan lampu tenaga surya di Dusun Badu. Warga dibekali bagaimana cara pembuatan lampu tenaga surya sampai bagaimana cara menyimpan energi listrik keluaran dari panel surya ke baterai supaya dapat dipergunakan untuk menerangi jalan desa di malam hari. Terdapat 2 titik pemasangan lampu tenaga surya di Desa Wanar. Diharapkan dari kegiatan ini, masyarakat desa dapat meningkatkan produktivitasnya di malam hari dan dapat dijadikan desa binaan teknologi tepat guna yang tepat sasaran.
Pemetaan Arsitektur Tradisional Taneyan Lanjhang Madura: Studi Kasus Desa Alang-Alang, Kecamatan Tragah
Authors: Novianto Didit , Hidayat Rusyda Tamma , Bhanuwati Syafa Ailsa Dewi
Published: March 2024

Pengabdian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengeksplorasi serta menganalisis perubahan dan adaptasi dalam arsitektur tradisional Taneyan Lanjheng di Desa Alang-Alang. Proses Pengabdian dilaksanakan dengan sejumlah metode yang diterapkan secara bersamaan oleh tim-tim yang terlibat dalam Pengabdian ini. Metode-metode tersebut mencakup pemetaan yang dilakukan melalui dokumentasi drone serta observasi lapangan yang melibatkan dokumentasi foto dan sketsa bangunan untuk memahami konstruksi dan material yang digunakan, serta melibatkan wawancara dengan pihak terkait. Hasil Pengabdian ini mengungkapkan bahwa arsitektur tradisional Taneyan Lanjhang di Desa Alang-Alang mengalami transformasi yang signifikan. Meskipun rumah-rumah tradisional mengadopsi material dan elemen modern, nilai-nilai budaya seperti penataan ruangan, tatanan sosial, dan tradisi keluarga tetap dipertahankan. Dengan penggunaan warna, ornamen, dan material tradisional yang khas, rumah-rumah tersebut mencerminkan keragaman budaya masyarakat Taneyan Lanjhang. Adaptasi ini menggambarkan dinamika antara pelestarian warisan budaya dan kemajuan zaman, menunjukkan kesinambungan budaya dalam merespons perubahan nilai dan teknologi modern. Hasil Pengabdian ini memperlihatkan bagaimana masyarakat beradaptasi dengan perubahan zaman, menciptakan harmoni antara tradisi dan modernitas, dan menggambarkan pentingnya keberlanjutan budaya dalam menghadapi tantangan teknologi modern. Pengabdian ini memungkinkan masyarakat lokal dan pihak berkepentingan lainnya untuk memahami nilai-nilai budaya yang tertanam dalam arsitektur, yang pada gilirannya dapat mendukung pelestarian budaya dan mempromosikan penghargaan terhadap warisan lokal.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Bahan Ajar Interaktif pada SMA Negeri 1 Slahung Ponorogo
Authors: Akbar Izzat Aulia , Setiawan Bambang , Hidayanto Bekti Cahyo , Samopa Febriliyan , Sani Nisfu Asrul , Dharmawan Yogantara Setya
Published: March 2024

Di era digital saat ini, pembelajaran tidak lagi terbatas pada model pembelajaran berbasis papan tulis dan buku teks. Namun, guru dapat menggunakan strategi berbeda untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi dengan cara yang berbeda. Pada dasarnya siswa akan lebih antusias mengikuti kelas jika kelas tersebut tampak menyenangkan dan menarik bagi mereka. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengetahui cara membuat materi pendidikan dengan menggunakan metode yang efektif dan interaktif untuk memudahkan proses belajar mengajar di sekolah. Pelatihan pembuatan materi pembelajaran interaktif ini ditujukan kepada guru sekolah dan siswa. Selama pelatihan, peserta akan mengikuti sesi praktik menggunakan platform Microsoft Office dan berkesempatan membuat materi pembelajaran interaktif untuk guru dan memainkan modul interaktif untuk siswa. Peserta akan siap menggunakan pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang diperoleh dalam pelajaran sehari-hari di sekolah, sekaligus memberikan pengalaman belajar yang lebih menyenangkan dan interaktif di dalam kelas. Di akhir pelatihan, peserta diharapkan memiliki pemahaman yang kuat tentang prinsip dan praktik menciptakan kegiatan pembelajaran interaktif.
Pendampingan Kader UMKM Dukuh Menanggal Surabaya Raih Sertifikasi Halal
Authors: Zuchrillah Daril Ridho , Altway Saidah , Hamzah Afan , Karisma Achmad Dwitama , Atletiko Faizal Johan , Trisanti Prida Novarita , Tjahyanto Aris , Tetrisyanda Rizky , Nugroho Muhammad Aldi , Triastuti Warlinda Eka
Published: March 2024

Masalah belum dimilikinya sertifikat halal dari produk yang dijual oleh UMKM saat ini menjadi hambatan untuk proses pemasaran produk yang lebih luas. Salah satunya UMKM kader PKK kelurahan Dukuh Menanggal yang berada di Kecamatan Gayungan, Kota Surabaya. Kurangnya informasi akan proses sertifikasi halal sangatlah berdampak pada proses percepatan sertifikasi halal. Oleh sebab itu, guna mempercepat sertifikasi halal di UMKM kader PKK Kelurahan Dukuh Menanggal, tim pengabdian masyarakat beserta mahasiswa KKN dari Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember melakukan pendampingan mitra UMKM untuk mendapatkan sertifikasi halal atas produk yang mereka jual. Pada pengabdian ini beberapa kegiatan dilakukan, seperti Forum Group Discussion, sosialisasi, pelatihan kader penggerak halal, pendampingan UMKM untuk sertifikasi halal, dan pemetaan produk UMKM yang telah bersertifikat halal. Hasil dari pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu tim abdimas beserta mahasiswa KKN telah mendampingi sebanyak 30 UMKM yang mengajukan sertifikasi halal dengan skema self declare. Kegiatan pendampingan ini diharapkan untuk dilanjutkan kepada para penjual makanan dan minuman di kawasan Sentra Wisata Kuliner (SWK) Surabaya.
Small animal review
Authors: Gough Alex
Published: March 2024

There is huge diversity in form, behaviour, disease propensity and longevity in dogs. However, there is little research into variation in life expectancy between breeds.
New legislation set to improve the safety and welfare of cats in England
Authors: O'Leary Tammie
Published: March 2024

From 10 June 2024, all owned cats in England must be microchipped with correct registration details by law.
GEYİK FİGÜRLÜ ERKEN DÖNEM KAYA RESİMLERİNDEN ESİNLENİLEN ÖRME TEKSTİL TASARIMLARI VE ÖRNEK UYGULAMA
Authors: BAĞCI Vildan , AYDIN Şengül
Published: March 2024

İnsanların eski çağlardan beri kayalara ve mağara duvarlarına birbiriyle iletişim kurmak amacıyla çizdiği resimler ve semboller görsel iletişimin ilk belgeleri arasında yer alan sanat örnekleridir. Bu çalışmada, Türk toplumlarının kültür, sanat ve inançlarını aktardığı eserlerin yaşatılması düşüncesiyle, erken dönem kaya resimlerinde görülen geyik tasvirlerinden esinlenilerek örme erkek atkı tasarım çalışmaları ve bir üretim ile özgün örneklem yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Kavramsal çerçevesi tarama modeliyle oluşturulan çalışmada tasarımların ilham noktasını erken dönem geyik figürlü kaya resimleri oluşturmaktadır. Tasarımlarda Kırgızistan ve Moğolistan bölgesindeki Kazarman Saymalıtaş (4), Arhangay (3), Mandal Hayrhan (2) olmak üzere dokuz adet kaya resmi ele alınmıştır. Özgün örme atkı yüzey tasarım çalışmalarında geyik figürünün farklı uzuvlarından esinlenilerek farklı kompozisyon düzeninde düzenlenmiş beş adet desen hazırlanmış, örme tasarım örneklerinden “Tasarım 3” çalışması atkılı düz örme makinesinde çift taraflı kullanıma uygun üretimi sağlaması açısından iki renk torba jakar örgü tekniği ile üretilmiştir. Ürün haline getirilen örme erkek atkısı tasarım ve üretim sürecinin detayları görsel destekle sunulmuştur. Kaya resim sanatı çizimleri farklı kullanım alanlarında değerlendirilmiş ve örnek ürün ile işlevsel hale getirilmiştir. Bu alanda çalışma yapmak isteyenlere katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
YENİKAPI MEVLEVİHANESİ’NDE YETİŞEN BİR MEVLEVİ DEDESİ TÂHİRÜ’L-MEVLEVÎ VE EDEBİYAT LÜGATI’NDA MEVLEVİLİĞE DAİR ÖĞELER
Authors: GÜREL Selda
Published: March 2024

Mevlevilik tarihinin önemli ismi, bir Mevlevi dedesi, Mesnevihan, mütefekkir, muharrir ve şair olan Tâhirü’l-Mevlevî; Mehmed Celâleddin Dede’nin rahle-i tedrisinde Yenikapı Mevlevihanesi’nde yetişmiştir. Basılmış ve basılmamış çok sayıda esere sahip olmakla birlikte, Edebiyat Lügatı ilim dünyasına kazandırdığı en önemli eserlerinden biridir. Eser, bir lügat çalışması olmasının yanı sıra, eserin içerisindeki birçok maddenin Mevleviliğe dair öğelerle izah edildiği görülür. Bu çalışmada, Mevleviliğin bizzat içerisinden gelen bu çok yönlü ilim insanının Edebiyat Lügatı’ndaki söz konusu öğeler üzerinde durulmuş; böylelikle eserin sadece bir sözlük çalışması değil, aynı zamanda Mevleviliğe dair önemli öğeleri içeren bir eser olduğu hususuna dikkat çekilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, eserdeki maddeler, Mevlevilikle ilgili öğeler bakımından incelenmiş; eserde Mevleviliğe dair; musiki ile ilgili öğelere, Mevlevilikle ilgili kavram ve terimlere, kâinattaki her şeyin canlı olarak değerlendirilmesi anlayışına ve Mevlevi/ Mevlevi muhibbi şairlerin şiirlerine yer verildiği görülmüştür. Buradan hareketle; Edebiyat Lügatı, sadece edebî ıstılahları içeren bir lügat olarak değil, aynı zamanda Mevleviliğe dair önemli öğelere yer veren ve bu yönüyle kültürün aktarımına da katkı sağlayan bir eser olarak da değerlendirilmelidir.
The Contribution of Applied Folklore to Urban Tourism: The Case of Mardin
Authors: BALIKÇI Şakire
Published: March 2024

Cultural tourism has become one of the most preferred forms of tourism globally, along side summer, sea, and winter tourism. Keyelements in cultural tourism in clude places of cultural heritage, museums, markets reflecting the city's spirit, restaurants, baths, fountains, natural formations, and agricultural areas. Inaddition to cultural spaces, folklore materials such as rituals based on beliefs, dances, festivities, and culinary culture have gained prominence in recent years among cultural tourism venuesand activities. It is crucial for urban folklore to maintain its connection with the past while adapting to contemporary conditions and sometimes leveraging them for self-realization. Only through this process can tradition be carried forward to the present and future. Since the acceptance of the intangible cultural heritage Project contract in Turkey, significant steps have been taken nation wide to preserve an cestral traditions, customs, places, and practices. The positive developments in the intangible cultural heritage process in Mardin since 2002 are important for the preservation and subsequent promotion of the city's historical and cultural fabric. Public institutions continue the iron going efforts on thesubject. In this study, practical folklore examples from recent years are introduced, and existing orpartially inadequate practices are addressed. Recommendations have been proffered to facilitate there location of urban tourism to a distinctive paradigm by addressing non-existent practical folklore examples. This initiative aims to transcend the prevalent pursuits of silver and coppercommerce, as well as constrained historical site excursions. The arrangement of cultural spaces suitable for outdoor activities is also proposed among there commendations, in conjunction with the existing "living museum" where numerous activities are centralized in a single center within the city.