bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprendre comment l’enfant apprend : une étape vers la compréhension des effets des pratiques pédagogiques
Authors: Largy Pierre , Cousin Marie-Paule , Dédéyan Alexandra , Fayol Michel
Published: February 2010

Pierre Largy, Marie-Paule Cousin, Alexandra Dédéyan, Michel Fayol. Understanding the way children learn: a step towards understanding the effects of pedagogical practices There is no assessing nor understanding the effects of pedagogical practices without first taking into account the way children learn. The psychology of cognitive development and of learning sheds light on this field by making a clear distinction between the learning of rules and the learning of examples. This dissociation about the way primary school children learn is illustrated by a set of works on the acquisition of the command of spelling according to rules of grammar. These works show that the mastering of the command of the marking of the plural of names doesn’t depend entirely on the proper rules being taught and being completed by the proper exercises, but also on the ability to store in memory the global figure of the words as initially encountered. The interference that may occur between the application of rules, the recollection of instances and the solutions that the child will opt for according to the situations encountered puts into question the evaluation methods and the validity of pedagogical practices that aim at developing the skills of each child in the field of creative writing.
Difficultés d’apprentissage, processus de secondarisation et pratiques enseignantes : une hypothèse relationnelle
Authors: Bautier Elisabeth , Goigoux Roland
Published: February 2010

school requisites on the other hand. Consequently this relational hypothesis tends to draw attention onto phenomena specific to school learning and to school knowledge as well as onto the difficulties that have to be overcome by some students in the field of identification, that is identification of the cognitive aims, of the "secondary” character of some tasks, of the objects of knowledge at stake. The refusal to take these difficulties into consideration, the failure to take charge of them plus the existence of specific ways of operating as well as of modes of adjustment to discrepancies among students in teachers practices may result in increasing the abovementioned difficulties and in reinforcing differentiations and inequalities.
Ce que la ségrégation scolaire doit à l’administration de l’Éducation nationale
Authors: Laforgue Denis
Published: February 2010

Cet article analyse comment les administrations scolaires déconcentrées (Inspection Académique et Rectorat) peuvent contribuer à la production de ségrégation scolaire, malgré le principe d’égalité des chances promu par le système éducatif français. L’enquête ethnographique établit que les décisions administratives en matière de carte scolaire et d’affectation des élèves visent à s’assurer la loyauté des usagers les plus mobilisés scolairement, à limiter le coût éducatif et à préserver les ressources humaines et matérielles de l’institution scolaire. Ce faisant, les responsables administratifs délaissent l’instauration d’une mixité scolaire dans l’ensemble des établissements.
Devenir enseignant du secondaire : les logiques d’accès au métier
Authors: Deauvieau Jérôme
Published: February 2010

L’objet de cet article est d’étudier les mécanismes actuels de l’accès au métier d’enseignant du secondaire. On définit dans un premier temps les spécificités du point de vue de l’origine sociale, du genre et de la trajectoire scolaire et universitaire des nouveaux enseignants du secondaire par rapport à l’ensemble des sortants de l’université de même niveau. Sur la base des résultats obtenus et en s’appuyant sur une campagne d’entretiens auprès de nouveaux enseignants du secondaire, nous proposons ensuite une interprétation de la logique d’accès au métier d’enseignant du secondaire à partir de la notion de rapport à la discipline universitaire. Nous examinons enfin les variations selon la discipline d’appartenance de cette logique d’accès au métier enseignant du secondaire.
Famille(s) et scolarisation
Authors: Bergonnier-Dupuy G.
Published: February 2010

Geneviève Bergonnier-Dupuy - Family and schooling This article aims at presenting the main research trends that may bring information regarding the impact of family environment on children and teenagers schooling. That is: the analysis of family educational styles, of parental support to school education, and as far as younger children are concerned, of the study of educational practices and of the parent-child interactions regarding learning issues (problem solving, language interactions, practices centered around reading). The question is: what, directly or indirectly, regarding family socialisation, and according to the age of the child, will favour high achievement and successful school integration or on the contrary will be liable to lead to adaptation problems? The results coming from various research fields are relatively consistent. They emphasize the assets of a family education favouring autonomy and child fulfilment. The combination of affective availability and of strategies encouraging autonomy always has a positive impact on the child’s behaviour and achievements, particularly at school. Though, is this assertion valid whatever the social background? Furthermore, the available data do not make it possible to have a clear vision of important educational issues according to the age of the child-teenager. Finally, in a context where the relationships between generations and genders as well as the place of the child within the family have considerably evolved, the challenge of new research will consist in taking into account the complexity of contemporary reality.
Que nous apprennent les recherches sur l'étayage parental des connaissances des jeunes enfants pour la mise en place des apprentissages langagiers à l'école maternelle ?
Authors: Labrell Florence
Published: February 2010

Florence Labrell ¿ Qué nos enseñan las investigaciones sobre el apoyo de los padres en los conocimientos de los niños para la colocación de los aprendizajes del lenguaje en la escuela de párvulos? El objetivo de este artículo es llevar a cabo una reflexión sobre las posibles aportaciones de las investigaciones sobre las interacciones de tutela adultos-chicos, más precisamente padres-hijos, en la colocación de los aprendizajes de lenguaje precoces, tal y como los esperan en la escuela de párvulos. Con su familia y en la escuela, el niño adquiere saberes a la vez diferentes e idénticos, sobre todo en los dos primeros ciclos de escolarización. Pensamos pues que los resultados de ciertos trabajos centrados en las interacciones padres-hijos, teniendo un alcance esencialmente teórico pueden ser si no utilizados en ciertas prácticas pedagógicas, por lo menos pensados en estos téminos. Después de considerar las aportaciones de las perspectivas teóricas de Vygotski y sobre todo de Bruner, hacemos hincapié en la importancia del lenguaje en la construcción de los conocimientos y particularmente en la estructuración del pensamiento. Presentamos varios estudios empíricos (a partir de pruebas de categorización de objetos, de memorización de nombres de objetos) para dar cuenta de los vínculos que existen entre el discurso de los padres y la construcción de los conocimientos para el niño. Detallaremos un enfoque teórico americano, el de la distanciación y veremos cómo las investigaciones francesas operacionalizan este modelo en el marco de tareas de memorización de objetos.
Apprendre la musique : perspectives sur l’apprentissage implicite de la musique et ses implications pédagogiques
Authors: Tillmann Barbara , Madurell François , Lalitte Philippe , Bigand Emmanuel
Published: February 2010

Barbara Tillmann, François Madurell, Philippe Lalitte, Emmanuel Bigand - Aprender la música: perspectivas del aprendizaje implícito de la música e implicaciones pedagógicas. Las investigaciones en el campo de la cognición auditiva han permitido mostrar que incluso el auditor no-músico posee conocimientos sobre el sistema musical tonal. Adquiridos por exposición repetida a piezas musicales, estos conocimientos implícitos guían la percepción. La primera parte de nuestro artículo presenta investigaciones que estudian los procesos de aprendizaje implícito que están al origen de los conocimientos musicales de los no-músicos, y la percepción de las estructuras musicales. La segunda parte propone reflexiones en torno al aprendizaje y a la enseñanza de la música en la escuela y el conservatorio. La tercera parte vincula las propuestas de la psicología cognoscitiva y la utilización de soportes multimedias. Presenta ejemplos de aplicación pedagógiga para el aprendizaje, la percepción y la creación de músicas contemporáneas.
Enseignement et apprentissages mathématiques dans une école Freinet
Authors: Lahanier-Reuter Dominique
Published: February 2010

Dominique Lahanier-Reuter - Unterrichten und Lernen der Mathematik an einer Freinet-Schule. Der Artikel folgt dem Verlauf einer langen, seit 2001 geführten Forschungsarbeit. Sie betrifft die Evaluierung der Auswirkungen eines der mathematischen Lehrweise eigenen Methode "mathematische Forschungen“ in einer Schule, die sich nach der Freinet-Pädagogik richtet. Nach der Beschreibung einiger Besonderheiten dieses Vorgehens stellt der Artikel die theoretischen und methodologischen Entscheidungen, die getroffen wurden: Vergleich von Schülerverhalten vor disziplinarischen Aufgaben gefolgt von direkten Beobachtungen in den Klassen. Einige Ergebnisse kommen dann zum Vorschein und betreffen vor allem die Verbindungen zwischen disziplinarischen Kompetenzen, Verhältnissen zu dem Fehler, für die befragten Schüler spezifischen Argumentationstricks zum einen und Beobachtungen, die spezifische Fehlerbehandlungen und differenzierte topo-wie chronogenetischen Prozesse im Klassenraum erkennen lassen.
Évaluation d’un entraînement à la lecture au cours préparatoire sollicitant les modalités visuelle, auditive et haptique
Authors: Chardon Saint-Cyr
Published: February 2010

Saint-Cyr Chardon - Evaluierung eines Lestrainings in der 1. Klasse mit Rücksicht auf die visuelle, auditive und haptische Modalitäten. Diese im Schulrahmen geführte Arbeit forscht bei Schülern aus der ersten Klasse (sechs Jahre) in einer ZEP* über die Wirkungen eines die "haptischen“ (gefühls-kinesthesischen), visuellen und auditiven Modalitäten berücksichtigenden Lesetrainings. Drei Klassen nehmen am Experiment teil. Die erstere (experimentelle Klasse) verfügt über ein Training, das aus Übungen besteht, um die metaphonologischen Fertigkeiten, die Erkenntnis der Buchstaben und die Verbindung Buchstabe/ Ton zu entwickeln. Hinzu kommen noch Aktivitäten des Schreibens und der haptischen und visuell-haptischen Untersuchung der Buchstaben. Die zweite (placebo-Klasse) bekommt ein auf der Mathematik zentriertes Training während der dritten Klasse kein besonderes Training angeboten wird. Die Leistungen der Schüler werden vor und nach dem Training gemessen mit Hilfe verschiedener Aufgaben, die mit dem Lesen verbunden sind. Die Ergebnisse des Post-Tests veranschaulichen eine bedeutendere Verbesserung des Lesens einzelner Wörter, der Graphie sowie des phonologischen Bewußtseinsgrads bei den Schülern der experimentellen Klasse. Jedoch unterscheidet sich letztere Klasse nicht von den Anderen, was Diktat und Verständnis beim stillen Lesen anbelangt. Dagegen ermöglicht eine verschobene, mehr als zwei Monate nach Ende des Trainings geführte Evaluierung die Bedeutsamkeit dieses Trainings über die Leseleistungen der Schüler aus der experimentellen Klasse hervorzuheben. Schließlich fallen 18 Monate später, bei der nationalen Evaluierung am Anfang der CE2 (3. Klasse) die Ergebnisse der Schüler aus der selben Klasse bedeutsam besser aus als die der Schüler aus der Kontrollklasse bei Textverständnis-und Kopieübungen.
L'influence du bon air sur l'architecture. Une « guérison formelle » ? Apparition du sanatorium alpin en Suisse 1880-1914
Authors: Lüthi Dave
Published: February 2010

Résumé : Dès 1890, le développement du tourisme curatif engendre la construction de nombreux sanatoriums dans les Alpes suisses. Les architectes recherchent un type d'édifice particulièrement adapté aux besoins des tuberculeux : plan rationnel, façades sobres, matériaux nouveaux et économiques sont les principales caractéristiques des sanatoriums du tournant du siècle. Vers 1910, des modèles plus spécifiques apparaissent, notamment la Freilufthaus, clinique à balcons en gradins, ainsi que les toitures-solariums, qui répondent à l'évolution de la cure et notamment à l'invention de l'héliothérapie. Ces types préfigurent le Terrassenbau des années 1920-1930, dont les sanatoriums de Passy sont les plus intéressants exemples.
Du Valais à l'Europe : un groupe de pression régional prend position dans le débat européen sur les montagnes
Authors: Rudaz Gilles
Published: February 2010

Résumé : Cet article s'intéresse à l'ouverture internationale d'un groupe de pression régional, le Groupement de la population de montagne du Valais romand (Suisse) . Trois facteurs expliquent cette ouverture dans les années 1990 : les débats sur l'adhésion de la Suisse à l'Espace économique européen qui offrent un terreau fertile à la coopération transfrontalière et internationale, la crainte d'une mainmise extérieure via la Convention alpine qui représente un thème fédérateur et l'organisation des intérêts montagnards à l'échelle européenne qui pérennise et motive certaines de ces relations. Cette ouverture internationale modifiera en retour la « géographie » du groupement.
TIC et développement durable : du maillage à la valorisation des territoires de montagne
Authors: Papa Françoise , Collet Laurent , Landel Pierre-Antoine
Published: February 2010

Résumé : Le développement des TIC et des usages qui y sont liés, amène à poser la question des articulations possibles avec la notion de développement durable. Si l'approche la plus commune consiste à examiner les impacts possibles du développement des TIC en termes économiques, sociaux et environnementaux, l'hypothèse de la capacité des TIC à intégrer les trois dimensions reste à vérifier. La prise en considération de la notion de territoire apparaît pertinente pour répondre à la question. Ainsi, deux équipes de recherche ont engagé conjointement et de façon synergique une analyse comparative des logiques d'installation de réseaux et de développement des usages sur les vallées de la Maurienne et de la Vésubie. Après une identification d'un certain nombre d'enjeux liés aux liens entre TIC et développement durable et une brève caracté- risation des terrains, les premiers résultats du programme sont ici présentés. Ils mettent en évidence l'importance des maillages au regard du plus faible investissement dans le domaine des usages. Toutefois, dans certaines conditions apparaissent des usages spécifiques, permettant une présentation et éventuellement une mobilisation des ressources spécifiques aux territoires. La capacité des territoires à s'émanciper du contrôle et de l'influence d'acteurs extérieurs expliquerait l'émergence de ces usages. De ressources génériques nécessaires au développement des territoires, les TIC acquièrent un statut d'opérateur de ressources qui restera à caractériser.
Capecitabine-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ang C. , Kornbluth M. , Thirlwell M. P. , Rajan R. D.
Published: January 2010

Capecitabine, an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5FU), has been integrated into the management of multiple cancer types because of convenience of administration and efficacy comparable with 5FU. Cardiotoxicity induced by 5FU—in particular angina—has been well described in the literature, but reports of adverse cardiac events with capecitabine are also emerging. The mechanism underlying 5FU cardiotoxicity has long been thought to result from coronary vasospasm, but animal-model studies and patient echocardiographic findings both suggest a cardiomyopathic picture. Although 5FU cardiotoxicity is often reversible and can be managed supportively, presentations that are more severe—including arrhythmias, acute ischemic events, and cardiogenic shock—have been documented. In this report, we describe the case of a patient who ultimately required a pacemaker after developing symptomatic bradycardia and sinus arrest while receiving capecitabine for colon cancer.
Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma in a 20-Year-Old Patient
Authors: Khan O. , Tong W. P. , Karlin Nina J.
Published: January 2010

Lung cancer is rare disease in patients under 25 years of age. It typically occurs in older patients with a history of tobacco use. This case concerns a 20-year-old man with no history of tobacco use who complained of several months of cough and lower back pain and an 11.3-kg weight loss. He was treated for pneumonia after a chest radiograph showed total opacification of the right lung. Computed tomography imaging subsequently revealed a superior right hilar mass and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Further imaging studies showed diffuse metastatic disease. Mediastinal biopsy showed poorly differentiated epithelioid tumour with desmoplastic stromal reaction, neutrophil infiltration, and squamous differentiation. Tissue immunostaining confirmed a non-small-cell lung cancer. Unfortunately, despite aggressive therapy, the patient’s disease progressed, and he died within 9 months. In this paper, we hope to illustrate the unique challenges in diagnosing and treating young patients with metastatic lung cancer.
Factors associated with HIV RNA levels in pregnant women on non-suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy at conception
Authors:   European Collaborative Study, Patel Deven , Cortina-Borja Mario , De Maria Andrea , Newell Marie-Louise , Thorne Claire
Published: January 2010

Background

Little is known about pregnancy patterns and levels of HIV RNA in HIV-infected women conceiving on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with non-suppressed viral load (VL), nor about their therapeutic management.

Methods

Linear mixed models were fitted to study changes in VL and potential associated factors including HAART type or duration and immune status among 127 women receiving HAART at conception with detectable VL enrolled in the prospective European Collaborative Study.

Results

Median duration of HAART at conception was 10 months. A total of 78 (61%) women conceived while on protease inhibitor (PI)-based HAART. Overall, 72 (57%) women remained on the same HAART regimen throughout pregnancy, 24 (19%) switched regimens and 31 (24%) interrupted HAART during early pregnancy. The intention-to-treat model indicated constant VL up to 10 gestational weeks; thereafter, levels decreased significantly, by 0.06 log10 copies/ml weekly until delivery. At baseline, immune status was significantly associated with HIV RNA levels. Excluding those with treatment interruption, there was no significant difference in VL slope between women who did and did not modify their HAART regimens ( P=0.14); women conceiving on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based HAART had consistently lower VL throughout pregnancy than those on PI-based HAART ( P=0.02). Most (64/103, 62%) women had detectable VL within 4 weeks of delivery (median 2.40 log10 copies/ml). The overall mother-to-child transmission rate was 1.72% (95% confidence interval 0.21–6.1).

Conclusions

Practices regarding management of women conceiving on HAART with detectable VL vary in Western Europe. The existence of this group of pregnant women highlights the need for improved monitoring of and support for treated women before they become pregnant, as well as during pregnancy.
The Minimally Important Difference for Patient-reported Outcomes in Spondyloarthropathies including Pain, Fatigue, Sleep, and Health Assessment Questionnaire
Authors: WHEATON LAURA , POPE JANET
Published: January 2010

Objective.

To study minimal important differences (MID) in spondyloarthropathies (SpA). MID are important in determining clinically relevant changes and for interpretation of trials and treating patients. MID have been widely studied in rheumatoid arthritis, but less so in SpA.

Methods.

Patients with SpA had to be seen for 2 consecutive visits and have completed the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and 100 mm visual analog scale on both visits for fatigue, pain, sleep, and global assessment. At the second visit they had to answer a question regarding any change in their overall health (from last visit), responding with much better, better, same, worse, or much worse. The MID were the mean changes for those who were either better or worse.

Results.

Our study involved 140 eligible patients with a SpA: 69% were men, the mean age was 45 years, and the mean disease duration was 14.5 years. Almost half the patients rated themselves as unchanged from the previous visit but the remainder were either better or worse, with a minority rating themselves as much better or much worse. The MID for better and worse outcomes were HAQ (−0.136; 0.220), pain (−6.93; 18.97), fatigue (−1.43; 14.42), and sleep (−2.23; 10.76). No gender differences were observed.

Conclusion.

Our results demonstrate that the MID vary depending on better versus worse (bidirectionally different). MID may be smaller in clinical practice than what is observed in trials.
Noncalcified Coronary Plaque in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: KIANI ADNAN N. , VOGEL-CLAUSSEN JENS , MAGDER LAURENCE S. , PETRI MICHELLE
Published: January 2010

Objective.

To study noncalcified coronary plaque (NCP) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods.

Sixty-four-slice coronary multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) was performed in 39 consecutive patients with SLE. MDCT scans were evaluated semiquantitatively by a radiologist using dedicated software. The presence or absence of NCP in each coronary artery was assessed. Patients with mixed plaque (calcified and noncalcified portions) were included in the NCP group.

Results.

The patient group was 90% women, 64% Caucasian, 31% African American, 5% other; mean age 50.5 ± 9.6 years. Fifty-four percent (21/39) had NCP. Seventy-six percent (16/21) of those with NCP also had coronary calcium (range 0.7 to 1264.1 Agatston units). In univariate analysis, NCP was associated with age (p = 0.01), current nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) use (p = 0.04), hormone replacement therapy (p = 0.02), current use of immunosuppressive drugs (p = 0.02), current low serum C3 level (p = 0.07), current physician’s global assessment of activity (PGA; p = 0.05), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.04). NCP was not associated with other risk factors for atherosclerosis, including total serum cholesterol, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and lipoprotein(a).

Conclusion.

Unlike coronary calcium, which is not associated with SLE activity measures or with active serologies, NCP is more common in patients with SLE with current, 3-, and 6-month activity by PGA. NCP was also associated with the need for current NSAID or immunosuppressive therapy. NCP is an important part of the total atherosclerotic burden in SLE.
Effects of β-Blockers and Anxiety on Complication Rates After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Abu Ruz Mohannad E. , Lennie Terry A. , Moser Debra K.
Published: January 2010

Background

Anxiety is common after acute myocardial infarction and increases the number of complications and the length of stay in the hospital. Anxiety-induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system is hypothesized to be an underlying cause of increased complication rates. Little is known about whether use of β-blockers eliminates the effects of anxiety on complication rate and length of stay.

Objective

To compare number of complications and length of stay among nonanxious and anxious patients receiving β-blockers during hospitalization.

Method

A total of 322 patients with acute myocardial infarction participated in this study within 48 hours of hospital admission. Patients completed the Brief Symptom Inventory to assess anxiety level. After discharge, medical records were reviewed to determine use of β-blockers, type and number of complications, and length of stay.

Results

Most patients (96%) were treated with less than 200 mg daily of metoprolol. Anxious patients had more complications (mean [SD], 1.43 [0.15] vs 0.73 [.09], P = .01) and longer stays (7.0 [0.49] vs 5.7 [0.36] days, P < .05) than did nonanxious patients. To test whether the dose of β-blocker made a difference, the interaction between daily dose and anxiety score was tested. No interaction was found between metoprolol dose and anxiety score, and no main effect was found for metoprolol dose.

Conclusion

Anxious patients had more complications and longer stays than did nonanxious patients. The administration of metoprolol did not eliminate this relationship, perhaps because patients did not receive a sufficient dose of metoprolol to counter the effect of anxiety.
A NEW ORTHEZIA
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A.
Published: February 2010

Orthezia artemisiœ, n. sp.—♀. Immature form, Antennæ and legs piceous. Body covered with white secretion. Dorsum with two rows of dentiform tufts; the first four directed forwards; the remaining seven, decreasing in size caudad, directed backwards. Nine lateral tufts; the first, on a level with the second dorsal tufts, at right angles to the body; the others directed backwards, and about of equal length, except the last two, which are longer and narrower, the last being longest. Caudal tufts extending caudad of last lateral tufts.
SOME NEW SPECIES OF COCCIDÆ
Authors: Tinsley J. D.
Published: February 2010

Dactylopius Quaintancii, n. sp.

Adult ♀ Length, 2 mm. Width, 1.5 mm. Shape, ellipsoidal, much flattened. Colour, dark grayish-brown, the body is so covered with white secretion that its true colour only shows on the ventral surface, the colour of the dorsum appearing quite white. The white secretion mealy, projecting slightly on the lateral margins, but not forming well-marked filaments; posteriorly it is produced into two very short, but well-defined, caudal filaments; on the dorsum it is slightly raised into a longitudinal ridge.
TÆNIOCAMPA ALIA, Gn., AT QUEBEC
Authors: Fyles Thomas W.
Published: February 2010

Fifty-nine eggs of this species were found on a twig of Amelanchier Canadensis, at the “Gomin”, June 1st 1897. They were laid in four rows-—each row was about three-fourths of an inch long.
A SERIOUS ATTACK ON THE APPLE FRUIT BY ARGYRESTHIA CONJUGELLA (Zell.) IN EUROPE
Authors: Reuter Enrio
Published: February 2010

In the annual reports of the Canadian Experimental Farms for 1896 and 1897, Dr. James Fletcher describes a new apple-fruit pest in British Columbia, caused by the attacks of small caterpillars, viz., the larvæ of a little tineid moth, Argyresthia conjugella, Zell. The injuries done by this new enemy, called by Mr. Fletcher “the applefruit miner,” closely resemble those caused by the apple maggot, Trypeta pomonella, Walsh. The caterpillars tunnel the pulp of the fruit in every direction, leaving brown-coloured channels with rather large chambers here and there; this attack thus being easily distinguishable from that of the common codling worm.
NEW COCCIDS FROM KANSAS
Authors: Parrott Percy J.
Published: February 2010

Antonina Nortoni, Parrott and Ckll.

Sac white, subglobular, cottonlike, completely enveloping female.

♀ oval, plump, cream-coloured, with slight tinge of brown on margin. Boiled in caustic potash, becomes transparent, with the exception of the antennae, the two pairs of spiracles, and ultimate segment, including anal region, which are a dark yellowish-brown. There are many single glands, especially towards and about posterior segments; they are less numerous anteriorly. On outer side of each spiracle there is a crescentic group of rather large circular glands, placed very close together. Antennae aborted, short, thick, composed of three segments measuring respectively 18–25, 13–16 and 27-28 mm. Mouth-parts large Spiracles chitinous, large and extended. Anal orifice circular, situated in a depression, surrounded by a strong chitinous ring. Anal ring with six long, stout hairs measuring from 53 to 89 mm. in length.
NOTES ON THE AMERICAN FORMS OF EUCHLOE, Hubner
Authors: Beutenmuller William
Published: February 2010

In answer to Dr. Butler's comments (Can. Ent. XXXI., p. 19) upon my revision of the species of Euchloé (Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., X., pp. 235-248), I could state that Dr. Butler may possibly be right in considering creusa (var. elsa), hyantis and lotta seasonal forms of ausonides, but with the present knowledge it is not possible to place them so, and for this reason I concluded it would be best to allow the species to remain distinct until more light could be obtained on the subject. At any rate I was certain that what we had labeled in our collections as creusa was not Doubleday and Hewitson's species, which Dr. Butler definitely asserts is my var. elsa.
CONDEMNABLE PRACTICES IN GENERIC REVISIONS
Authors: Field Herbert Haviland
Published: February 2010

Sir,—Permit me to call the attention of your readers to a faulty method of citing species names, which is, unfortunately, extremely common in America. I refer to the omission of the genus name or its reduction to a mere initial. In many cases this is, of course, a proceeding that is attended with no serious evil effects. A working zoologist may be expected to know what P. machaon stands for, bibliographers would know that a paper on Abnormal Antennæ of Ajax had nothing to do with the Bird genus, Ajax, Less., but referred to Papilio ajax. In many cases, however, authors seem to endeavor to render their work inaccessible to all save specialists working on their particular group. To make this clear it is necessary to cite an example, and I take the first one at hand, remarking at the same time that these cases are very numerous, and that it is unjust to single out a particular person for condemnation.
NEW HISTORIES IN HYDRŒCIA
Authors: Bird Henry
Published: February 2010

The summer of 1899 was a remarkable one at Rye in the abundance of Hydrœcia larvæ, as four species, never before noted in their larval state, and which do not seem to have their early histories described, were observed. Old acquaintances were to be found on every side, and some hitherto very uncommon ones were so abundant that a word in the matter of cause and effect may not be amiss. The seasonal conditions are, of course, contributive to such good results; still, the numbers in evidence every year suggest our looking a little further. Briefly, the environments are most propitious for the development of these borers, as that most important question, food supply, can be relied upon being adequate to all demands. The proximity to salt water insures a copious dew-fall, so that vegetation in the months of July and August does not suffer from the usual drought of this season in any such manner as it does farther inland. Here in late midsummer the larger Compositæ and other thick-stemmed plants are in full splendour, while fifty miles back from the coast all may be parched and leafless.
THE LARVÆ OF DONACIA PISCATRIX, LAC., AND CRASSIPES, FAB.
Authors: Sanderson E. Dwight
Published: February 2010

Though the larvæ and life-histories of several species of the Chrysomelid genus Donacia have been described more or less fully by European entomologists, I have been able to find but one such note in American entomological literature. In 1877 Dr. A. S. Packard gave a brief description of the larva and life-history of Donacia cincticornis, Newm., var. proxima, Kby., in the report of the U. S. Geological Survey for that year (p. 806), together with figures of the larva and cocoon (Pl. LXX., figs. 17–19) which he found on the roots of Nuphar advena.
NEW SPECIES OF ANAPHORINÆ
Authors: Dyar Harrison G.
Published: February 2010

The following apparently new species of Anaphorinæ have been received since the paper published in Can. Ent., XXXII., 307, was prepared:

Genus Atopocera, Walsingham.

Wals., Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1897, p. 169.

Lord Walsingham would probably not have proposed this name if he had been aware of the previous use of the masculine form of the same term (Atopocerus, Kraatz, Deut. ent, Zeit., XXXII., 360, 1888. However, the different endings will probably sufficiently distinguish the two genera.
AN EXPERIMENT IN THE IMPORTATION OF BENEFICIAL INSECTS
Authors: Webster F. M.
Published: February 2010

In the February number of the Canadian Entomologist I gave the results of an experiment in the exportation of a few of our native lady beetles to South Africa. I now have the pleasure of giving the resurt of an experiment in the importation of some South African lady beetles.

March 27th, Mr. C. W. Mally, Assistant Government Entomologist, sent me several specimens of Exochomus nigrmaculatus, and, quite a large number of two smaller, unnamed species. All of these attack more especially the Mealy bug, Dactylopius, in their native home. The consignment was made by simply fastening twigs of Oleander very badly affected with Mealy bug, to the bottom of the box, and putting the lady beetles among them. The package reached me April 23rd, and, strangely enough, there were but very few of the specimens that were not alive and active. The importation was thus an entire success.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF FENISECA TARQUINIUS, FAB.
Authors: Good A. I.
Published: February 2010

On October 27, 1900, while walking through some woods along a creek near Wooster, Ohio, my attention was drawn to some white masses on Black Alder (Ilex verticillata, Gray). These masses proved to be plant lice covered with a white down. A couple of branches were broken off and taken home. There were found among these masses of lice, and concealed by them, several small, slug-like larvæ about .75 inch in length. The lice, through the kindness of Prof. F. M. Webster, were identified as Schizoneura tessellata, Fitch.

The larvæ in a few days became restless, as if wishing to pupate, and on being given a suitable place, soon fastened themselves up, and within a day or two passed into the pupal stage; then we knew that we had the curions monkey-faced pupæ of the little butterfly, Feniseca tarquinius. In all, six of these pupæ were obtained, but owing to unfavorable conditions only three of them developed to adults. Other larvæ were found about the first of November, but owing to severe cold weather the majority had perished. Some of these last larvæ were not fully grown, and could hardly have belonged to the first brood.
NEW JASSIDÆ FROM THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN AND PACIFIC REGION
Authors: Ball E. D.
Published: February 2010

Form and general appearance of pulchella; colour pattern of scaber, but with extra markings, and different colours on pronotum and elytra. Length, 5.5 mm.; width, 1.75 mm.

Vertex slightly angularly rounded, transversely depressed before the apex; front as in scaber, the margin between front and vertex more strongly produced. Pronotum slightly angularly rounding anteriorly, much more so than in scaber; lateral angles scarcely apparent, rounding from eye; pronotum and scutellum convex, elevated.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW NOCTUID
Authors: Dyar Harrison. G.
Published: February 2010

Aleptina inca, n. gen., et sp.

Two males, Arizona (Cox) ; So, Ariz., Apr. 1–15 (Poling).

Fore wings gray, ciuereous shaded at base, followed by a large ochreous patch that extends to the t.a. line on lower half of wing. T.a. line upright, germinate, black, trvice waved; orbicular large, oval, whitish, black ringed and containing a large, oval, brown-black centre; reniform similar, but obscure and lost in a pale shade that extends to costa at t.-p. line. T.-p. line black, parallel to external margin cut off above by the whiteshade, followed closely outwardry by a blackish subterminal line. Acrenulated, pale, blackish edged terminal line. Fringe pale, dark spotted. Hind wings whitish, a dusky shading before the fringe. Abdomen gray; thorax concolorous with fore wings. Expanse 23mm.
THE FORMATION OF GENERIC NAMES
Authors: Aldrich J. M.
Published: February 2010

An article in the April number of the Canadian Entomologist leads me to offer a few remarks on this subject. The custom of forming new generic names by attaching a prefix or suffix to the existing name of a related genus has grown to serious proportions in recent years. There are several reasons why it should be discountenanced. For one thing,it almost invariably makes the name too long to look or sound well. This is no trifling disadvantage, although some entomologists seem not to appreciate the fact.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY VESPOIDEA
Authors: Ashmead William. H.
Published: February 2010

To this family belong the potter wasps. They differ from the papermaking wasps in being solitary and in constructing their nests of mud or clay, instead of macerated woody fibre or pulp. It is perhaps one of the largest, if not the largest, families in the Vespidea, and is well represented in all parts of the world by many genera and species.

The species superficially resemble the Vespidæ, but are quite distinct and are easily distinguished by the cleft or toothed claws, the claws never being simple or edentate as in the social wasps.

The family, like the Vespidæ, has reached its greatest development in warm or tropical countries.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY VESPOIDEA
Authors: Ashmead William. H.
Published: February 2010

Prof. Westwood and others confused these wasps with the Vespidæ and the Eumenidæ, although Latreille had years previously established his family Masarides. Henry de Saussure, in his “Etudes,” treats them as a tribe. They, however, represent a distinct family close to the Eumenidæ but easily separted from them and the Vespidæ by the wings not being folded longitudinally, by peculiarities of the antennæ, which are usually strongly clavate at tip; by the wholly different abdomen, the venter being flatter; and by the much larger scutellum.

Of the habits of the Masarides nothng seems to be positively known. Some years ago Dr. Dyar gave me specimens of Masaris vespides, Cr., bred from what I take to be the nest of an Odynerine, taken in Arizona.
NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF N. A. FULGORIDÆ
Authors: Ball E. D.
Published: February 2010

Anotia Kirkaldayin.sp.– Form and general appearance of Amalopota Fitchi, but broader and less definitely marked. Form of A. Burnetii, but with a sharp head and blunter elytra. Length, including elytra, 6.5 mm.

Vertex slightly broader than in Burnetii, inclined upward, nearly flat, not rounding over at apex as in that species; elytra broader toward apices than in Burnetii; venation very similar, but with the median nervure not forked beyond the cross-vein, and the first branch of the postcostal nervure coming off close tot he cross-vein and at nearly right angles to the nervure. Costal appendix larger than in Burnetii, obliquely truncate posteriorly.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY VESPOIDEA
Authors: Ashmead William. H.
Published: February 2010

The globose or rounded head, which is nevcr flat, oblong, and the difference in the antennæ, the antennæ in males being 10-jointed in the females 13-jointed, readiiy separate the subfamily from the Bethylinæ. The group comes quite close to the Dryininæ, but in the latter the head is transverse or subquadrate, never rounded, while the antennæ are 10-jointed in both sexes.

The genus Olixon, Cameron, originally described as a Braconid, belongs here, without much doubt, I think, judging from the description and the figure. Cameron say" “I am unable to point out the natural position of this curious genus. The elongated fore legs give it a look of a Bethylid, to which, indeed, it bears a general resemblance,; but I feel inclined to regard it as a true Braconid.” I have not seen a specimen of this genus, but Mr. Cameron's figure and description clearly show that it belongs here; the thickened fore femora are characteristic of the group.
CHANGES IN ENTOMOLOGICAL FAUNA OF NORTHERN ILLINOIS
Authors: Webster F. M.
Published: February 2010

Among the ways I find that one can study the changes in the insect fauna of a iocality as years go on is to occasionally go back to some such section where one has years ago been familiar with the insects to be found there and note the number of new comers or, possibly, the passing of some of the old ones, though these last are by far the less numerous of the two.

Recently, while on a visit to my old home in De Kalb county, Northern Illinois, the insects of which I was pretty well acquainted with twenty years ago, but with which I have known little since that time, I was most unexpectedly met with complaints of the Buffalo carpet beetle, Anthrenus scrophulariæ, unheard of there until within a few years, and which I never captured there myself.
NOTE ON THE GENERIC TITLE TRIFURCULA
Authors: Grote A. Radcliffe
Published: February 2010

In my “Descent of the Pierids,” Jan., 1900, I have used Trifurcula, Stand., Iris., VII., 56, for a genus of Andean Pierids, but this name is preoccupied in the Lepidoptera by Zeller, 1848, Staud. & Rebel, Cat. II., p. 221.

Staudinger states (l. c.) thate he had at first named the genus Piercolias, so this name though open to criticism, should be used for the Pierid genus with the type of huanaco, Staud. The morphological value of the neurational character of the primaries of Piercolias, which led Staudinger to choose the name Trifurcula, does not seem to have been apperciated by him. The gradual progress of R2 towards the apices, and of M1 towards the Radius, brings these branchlets in juxtaposition.
A LIST OF CALIFORNIA APHIDIDÆ
Authors: Clarke Warren. T.
Published: February 2010

Our knowledge of the group Aphididæ in California has been limited in the past to certain forms that were of economic importance in their relations to cultivated crops. No systematic list of these interesting insects has heretofore been attempted in this region, and this has not been due to any lack of material, for the varying conditions of climate here seem to be particularly favorable to them.
LIFE-HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF THE STRAWBERRY ALEYRODES, ALEYRODES PACKARDI, N. SP
Authors: Morrill Austin. W.
Published: February 2010

This species has hitherto been considered identical with Aleyrodes vaporariorum, the common greenhouse Aleyrodes of the tomato, cucumber, etc. A critical study of all stages of both the greenhouse Aleyrodes and the strawberry Aleyrodes, made at the Entomological Laboratory of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, has resulted in finding structural differences between the two species in all the stages, except the egg and adult.
ARATUS LUTEOLUS, N. SP
Authors: Fyles Thomas. W.
Published: February 2010

Length,.35 inch. Head dark fawn colour, scabrous, much prolonged between the antennæ, the prolongation suggestive of the nose of the moose. Eyes upon rounded elevations, black and protuberant. The antennary spine stout, sharp and projecting. Antennæ reddish brown above, olivaceous beneath; the joint next the spine distinct and square cut and of greater diameter than that following it. Beak black, long, extending between the front legs. Prothorax dark umber in colour, concave in front, the concavity ending on either side with a short spine. From the bases of these spinse the sides (which are finely denticulated) run direct to the widest part of the prothorax; from thence they are rounded to the back, forming a pair of clay-yellow epaulets, which extend beyond the slightly-curved remainder of the back line.
A NEW MANTIS OF THE GENUS STAGMATOPTERA FROM NICARAGUA
Authors: Rehn James. A. G.
Published: February 2010

Stagmatoptera typhon, n. sp.—Type ♀; Sam Marcos, Nicaragua (Baker). Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.

Allied to sancta and birivia, Stoll., and insatiabilis, Rehn. From the sancta-insatiabilis type it differs in the shorter and broader tegmina and wings, the wider and more rotundate expansion of the pronotum, the deeper head and slenderer anterior femora. From the birivia type it can easily be distinguished by the extremely short and broad wings and legmina, the more arcuate expansions and more compressed shaft of the pronotum, as well as the absence of distinct maculations on the tegmina.
NOTES ON INCISALIA AUGUSTUS
Authors: H John , Cook H.
Published: February 2010

On the 6th of June 1903, we found a Thecla caterpillar unknown to us feeding openly upon the berries of Vaccinium corymbosum. Its general colour was bright yellowish-green, which served to render it comparatively inconspicuous while feeding in the midst of a cluster of the unripe fruit. A faint, draker, dorsal stripe and a very minute coral-red spot in the middle of each segment, just above the lateral fold, were the only markings. The head was of a uniform light brown, and the body was clothed with short pile. Length, 12 mm.
THREE NEW CECIDOMYIID FLIES
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A.
Published: February 2010

Near Monument Creek, Colorado Spirngs, my wife and I recently came across an undetermined species of Artemisia, about three feet high, bearing many Cecidomyiid galls. The flies emerged these galls on April 2, and as the species is new, it is herewith described:

Diplosis Coloradella n. sp.—♂. Length hardly 2 mm. Head black; thorax black, reddish posteriorly mesothorax with rows of black bristles; legs reddish-brown, suffused with dusky; abdomen narrow, reddish passing into yellowish, with long lateral hairs, genitalia darker, terminal joint of forceps stout; wings with a very long fringe; first vein reaching costa about or very slightly below middle of wing; third vein reaching the margin at the apex of the wing, but the apex is subtruncate, rather bulging below, so that the most distal point seems a little below the end of the vein; fifth vein forked beyond its middle, but its distal half reduced to mere shadowy lines; antennæ reddish, 15 (2+13) jointed, joints cylindrical, slightly constricted in the middle, pedicillate with very long hairs, terminal joint subacuminate.
COLEOPHORA TILIÆFOLIELLA, CLEM
Authors: Kearfott W. D.
Published: February 2010

This species was named by Clemens* from the larval habit and foodplant only. He did not publish a description of the moth, nor, so far as I am aware, has any one else bred it, until very recently Mr. Arthur Gibson rediscovered the larvæ on basswood.
NOTES ON THE LEPIDOPTERA OF THE YEAR 1904
Authors: Heath E. Firmstone
Published: February 2010

The spring here was an unusually cold and late one, and it was not until April 17th that I saw a moth of any description, and that “first swallow” was only a Depressaria Canadensis, Busck. I did not see a single specimen of Leucobrephos Middendorfi, Men., though an April seldom goes by without my doing so, and generally at some awkward moment when no net is handy. Year before last I was repotting some plants on the sunny side of my house, when a Leucobrephos flew against me, dropped at my feet, and was off again before I could pot it.
PRACTICAL AND POPULAR ENTOMOLOGY.—No. 9.: The Buffalo Carpet Beetle, (Anthrenus scrophulariæ, L.)
Authors: Fletcher James
Published: February 2010

This destructive enemy of the housekeeper is evidently rapidly widening the area in Canada within which it occurs as a household pest. Strange to say, the species has been found abundantly on flowers out of doors in some localities where it has never been noticed inside houses. Twentyfive years ago many specimens were sent to me by a collector from Frot Mc Leod, N-W. T., and specimens are found in entomological collections in all parts of the Dominion.
A SKELETON OF A NEW ARRANGEMENT OF THE FAMILIES, SUBFAMILIES, TRIBES AND GENERA OF THE ANTS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY FORMICOIDEA
Authors: Ashmead William. H.
Published: February 2010

Of the ten superfamilies recognized in my classification of the Hymenoptera, all have been classified down to genera except the Ants, or superfamily IV, Formicoidea, a very large and most difficult complex, and rendered even more difficult by the extraordinary number and diversity of the sexes, there being sometimes several different forms to a single species.