bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Binocular stereo matching of real scenes based on a convolutional neural network and computer graphics
Authors: Kou Liaoyu , Yang Kai , Luo Lin , Zhang Yu , Li Jinlong , Wang Yong , Xie Liming
Published: July 2021

The binocular stereo matching method based on deep learning has limited cross-domain generalization ability, and it is a tricky problem to obtain a large amount of data from real scenes for training. The most advanced stereo matching network is difficult to apply to new real scenes. In this paper, we propose a real-scene stereo matching method based on a convolutional neural network and computer graphics. A virtual binocular imaging system is constructed by introducing graphics software, and a high-quality semi-synthetic dataset close to the texture characteristics of the real scene is constructed for training the network. A feature standardization layer is embedded in the feature extraction module of the proposed network to further reduce the feature space difference between semi-synthetic data and real scene data. Three small 4D cost volumes are constructed to replace one large 4D cost volume, which reduces GPU memory consumption and improves the matching performance of the network. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional stereo matching method, the matching accuracy of the proposed method is significantly improved by about 60%. Compared with other learning-based methods, the matching accuracy is increased by about 30%, the matching speed is increased by 38%, and it has good robustness to the interference of defocus blur and Gaussian noise.
Characterization of the spectral memory effect of scattering media
Authors: Zhang Runsen , Du Jinye , He Yu , Yuan Dean , Luo Jiawei , Wu Daixuan , Ye Bolin , Luo Zhi-Chao , Shen Yuecheng
Published: July 2021

The optical memory effect is an interesting phenomenon exploited for deep-tissue optical imaging. Besides the widely studied memory effects in the spatial domain to accelerate point scanning speed, the spectral memory effect is also important in multispectral wavefront shaping. Although being theoretically analyzed for decades, quantitative studies of spectral memory effect on a variety of scattering media including biological tissue were rarely reported. In practice, quantifying the range of the spectral memory effect is essential in efficiently shaping broadband light, as it determines the optimum spectral resolution in realizing spatiotemporal focus through scattering media. In this work, we analyze the spectral memory effect based on a diffusion model. An explicit analytical expression involves the illumination wavelength, the diffusion constant, and the sample thickness is derived, which is consistent with the one in the literature. We experimentally quantified the range of spectral correlation for two types of biological tissue, tissue-mimicking phantoms with different concentrations, and diffusers. Specifically, for tissue-mimicking phantoms with calibrated scattering parameters, we show that a correction factor of more than 20 should be inserted, indicating that the range of spectral correlation is much larger than one would expect. This finding is particularly beneficial to multispectral wavefront shaping, as stringent requirements on the spectral resolution could be alleviated by at least one order of magnitude.
Effectiveness of high curvature segmentation on the curved flexible surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Kang Kyungnam , Lee Hyunwoong , Kim Donghyun
Published: July 2021

In this report, we explore a segmentation-based approach for the calculation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) on the curved surface with high curvature by modeling it as a contiguous array of finite segments. The approach would significantly facilitate the calculation with good accuracy because of the inherent nature that transfer matrix analysis can be used. Using the segmentation model, resonance characteristics at SPR were obtained as the curvature radius was varied. For validation of the segmentation, resonance wavelength (λSPR), reflectance at resonance (RSPR), and resonance width (δλSPR) were compared with the finite element method in the parallel and perpendicular light incidence. It was found that the results from the segmentation were in excellent agreement, λSPR in particular, while RSPR and δλSPR under parallel incidence showed disparity between the two models due to the short segmentation. Resonance of curved surface on the rigid and flexible substrate was compared and the overall trend was found to be almost identical. The segmentation is expected to provide a simple, fast, and efficient way for studying plasmonic devices with high curvature in flexible and wearable applications.
Method for fabricating large-area gratings with a uniform duty cycle without a spatial beam modulator
Authors: Liang Jiujiu , Wang Chongyu , Lu Haiou , Wang Xiaohao , Ni Kai , Zhou Qian
Published: July 2021

A fabrication method for large-area gratings with uniform duty without using a spatial beam modulator is introduced in this study. The inhomogeneity of gratings caused by flaws of the lens and stray light was solved by controlling exposure time within an appropriate range and selecting a suitable beam expansion aperture in the optical path. A model for representing this process was established by analyzing the effects of exposure and development time length, and experimental results exhibited good agreement with the simulation results. Finally, a grating with a period of 550 nm, a uniform duty cycle, and a diameter larger than 30 mm was achieved using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer optical path without a spatial beam modulator. The uniformity of this grating was observed via atomic force microscopy, and the results were highly desirable.
Deep-ultraviolet photodetector based on pulsed-laser-deposited Cs3Cu2I5 films/n-Si heterojunction
Authors: Li Xiaoxuan , Zhang Lichun , Zhou Xiaoyu , Wang Cheng , Zhou Zhiying , He Shunli , Tian Dan , Ren Zhichao , Yang Chuanlu , Zhao Fengzhou
Published: July 2021

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. Moreover, the device showed good stability after being exposed to air for 30 days.
Long-wavelength optical absorption edge of photo-thermo-refractive glass
Authors: Shirshnev P. S. , Alvarez R. A. , Glebov L. B.
Published: July 2021

The IR absorption spectrum of high purity photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glasses melted under atmosphere containing different concentrations of water is studied. The absorption spectra of the water and glass matrix are separated and deconvoluted to elementary Gaussian bands. The water absorption spectrum includes 11 bands with a maxima at 4320, 3560, 3053, 2897, 2815, 2765, 2525, 2315, 2219, 2150, and 1908 nm. The current technology provides a decrease of the decimal absorption coefficient at 2800 nm from 0.4 to 0.04 cm-1. The PTR glass matrix absorption spectrum includes three bands at 4855, 3950, and 3250 nm (2060, 2532, and 3077 cm-1). The long wavelength absorption edge for the PTR glass matrix is 2900 nm for the decimal absorption coefficient 0.01 cm-1, 3600 nm for 0.1 cm-1, and 4200 nm for 1 cm-1.
Mathematical modeling of N-803 treatment in SIV-infected non-human primates
Authors: Cody Jonathan W. , Ellis-Connell Amy L. , O’Connor Shelby L. , Pienaar Elsje
Published: July 2021

Immunomodulatory drugs could contribute to a functional cure for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Interleukin-15 (IL-15) promotes expansion and activation of CD8+ T cell and natural killer (NK) cell populations. In one study, an IL-15 superagonist, N-803, suppressed Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) in non-human primates (NHPs) who had received prior SIV vaccination. However, viral suppression attenuated with continued N-803 treatment, partially returning after long treatment interruption. While there is evidence of concurrent drug tolerance, immune regulation, and viral escape, the relative contributions of these mechanisms to the observed viral dynamics have not been quantified. Here, we utilize mathematical models of N-803 treatment in SIV-infected macaques to estimate contributions of these three key mechanisms to treatment outcomes: 1) drug tolerance, 2) immune regulation, and 3) viral escape. We calibrated our model to viral and lymphocyte responses from the above-mentioned NHP study. Our models track CD8+ T cell and NK cell populations with N-803-dependent proliferation and activation, as well as viral dynamics in response to these immune cell populations. We compared mathematical models with different combinations of the three key mechanisms based on Akaike Information Criterion and important qualitative features of the NHP data. Two minimal models were capable of reproducing the observed SIV response to N-803. In both models, immune regulation strongly reduced cytotoxic cell activation to enable viral rebound. Either long-term drug tolerance or viral escape (or some combination thereof) could account for changes to viral dynamics across long breaks in N-803 treatment. Theoretical explorations with the models showed that less-frequent N-803 dosing and concurrent immune regulation blockade (e.g. PD-L1 inhibition) may improve N-803 efficacy. However, N-803 may need to be combined with other immune therapies to countermand viral escape from the CD8+ T cell response. Our mechanistic model will inform such therapy design and guide future studies.
Sense-overlapping lncRNA as a decoy of translational repressor protein for dimorphic gene expression
Authors: Perez Christelle Alexa Garcia , Adachi Shungo , Nong Quang Dang , Adhitama Nikko , Matsuura Tomoaki , Natsume Toru , Wada Tadashi , Kato Yasuhiko , Watanabe Hajime
Published: July 2021

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are vastly transcribed and extensively studied but lncRNAs overlapping with the sense orientation of mRNA have been poorly studied. We analyzed the lncRNADAPALRoverlapping with the 5´ UTR of theDoublesex1(Dsx1), the male determining gene inDaphnia magna. By affinity purification, we identified an RNA binding protein, Shep as aDAPALRbinding protein. Shep also binds toDsx15´ UTR by recognizing the overlapping sequence and suppresses translation of the mRNA.In vitroandin vivoanalyses indicated thatDAPALRincreasedDsx1translation efficiency by sequestration of Shep. This regulation was impaired when the Shep binding site inDAPALRwas deleted. These results suggest that Shep suppresses the unintentional translation ofDsx1by setting a threshold; and when the sense lncRNADAPALRis expressed,DAPALRcancels the suppression caused by Shep. This mechanism may be important to show dimorphic gene expressions such as sex determination and it may account for the binary expression in various developmental processes.
Plasmid analysis of NDM metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales isolated in Vietnam
Authors: Hirabayashi Aki , Yahara Koji , Mitsuhashi Satomi , Nakagawa So , Imanishi Tadashi , Ha Van Thi Thu , Nguyen An Van , Nguyen Son Thai , Shibayama Keigo , Suzuki Masato
Published: July 2021

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) represent a serious threat to public health due to the lack of treatment and high mortality. The rate of antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacterales isolates to major antimicrobials, including carbapenems, is much higher in Vietnam than in Western countries, but the reasons remain unknown due to the lack of genomic epidemiology research. A previous study suggested that carbapenem resistance genes, such as the carbapenemase gene blaNDM, spread via plasmids among Enterobacterales in Vietnam. In this study, we characterized blaNDM-carrying plasmids in Enterobacterales isolated in Vietnam, and identified several possible cases of horizontal transfer of plasmids both within and among species of bacteria. Twenty-five carbapenem-nonsusceptible isolates from a medical institution in Hanoi were sequenced on Illumina short-read sequencers, and 13 blaNDM-positive isolates, including isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, and Proteus mirabilis, were further sequenced on an Oxford Nanopore Technologies long-read sequencer to obtain complete plasmid sequences. Almost identical 73 kb IncFII(pSE11)::IncN hybrid plasmids carrying blaNDM-1 were found in a P. mirabilis isolate and an M. morganii isolate. A 112 kb IncFII(pRSB107)::IncN hybrid plasmid carrying blaNDM-1 in an E. coli isolate had partially identical sequences with a 39 kb IncR plasmid carrying blaNDM-1 and an 88 kb IncFII(pHN7A8)::IncN hybrid plasmid in a C. freundii isolate. 148–149 kb IncFIA(Hl1)::IncA/C2 plasmids and 75–76 kb IncFII(Yp) plasmids, both carrying blaNDM-1 were shared among three sequence type 11 (ST11) isolates and three ST395 isolates of K. pneumoniae, respectively. Most of the plasmids co-carried genes conferring resistance to clinically relevant antimicrobials, including third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones, in addition to blaNDM-1. These results provide insight into the genetic basis of CRE in Vietnam, and could help control nosocomial infections.
Badis kaladanensis, a new fish species (Teleostei: Badidae) from Mizoram, northeast India
Authors: Ramliana Lal , Lalronunga Samuel , Singh Mahender
Published: July 2021

Badis kaladanensis, a new percoid fish is described from the Kaladan basin of Mizoram, northeast India. It belongs to theBadis badisspecies group but can be easily distinguished from its congeners, except fromB.kanabosandB.tuivaiei, in having a dark blotch on the dorsal fin between the base of 3rdto 5thspines. It is further distinguished fromB.kanabosin having more scales in lateral row (27–30 vs. 25–26), more circumpeduncular scale rows (18–20 vs. 16–17) and smaller eye (7.5–8.9% SL vs. 9.5–12.7); and fromB.tuivaieiin having fewer vertebrae (28–29 vs. 30–31) and more rakers on the first gill arch (9 vs. 6–8). The analysis of the mitochondrial DNA (coiandcytb) revealed the distinctness ofB.kaladanensisfrom all otherBadisspecies with the interspecific distance ranges from 5.4–20.4%. (coi) and 5.1–26.3% (cytb).
Studies of salt and stress sensitivity on arterial pressure in renin-b deficient mice
Authors: Nakagawa Pablo , Gomez Javier , Lu Ko-Ting , Grobe Justin L. , Sigmund Curt D.
Published: July 2021

Excessive sodium intake is known to increase the risk for hypertension, heart disease, and stroke. Individuals who are more susceptible to the effects of high salt are at higher risk for cardiovascular diseases even independent of their blood pressure status. Local activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the brain, among other mechanisms, has been hypothesized to play a key role in contributing to salt balance. We have previously shown that deletion of the alternative renin isoform termed renin-b disinhibits the classical renin-a encoding preprorenin in the brain resulting in elevated brain RAS activity. Thus, we hypothesized that renin-b deficiency results in higher susceptibility to salt-induced elevation in blood pressure. Telemetry implanted Ren-bNulland wildtype littermate mice were first offered a low salt diet for a week and subsequently a high salt diet for another week. A high salt diet induced a mild blood pressure elevation in both Ren-bNulland wildtype mice, but mice lacking renin-b did not exhibit an exaggerated pressor response. When renin-b deficient mice were exposed to a high salt diet for a longer duration (4 weeks), there was a trend for increased myocardial enlargement in Ren-bNullmice when compared with control mice, but this did not reach statistical significance. Multiple studies have also demonstrated the association of environmental stress with hypertension. Activation of the RAS in the rostral ventrolateral medulla and the hypothalamus is required for stress-induced hypertension. Thus, we next questioned whether the lack of renin-b would result in exacerbated response to an acute restraint-stress. Wildtype and Ren-bNullmice equally exhibited elevated blood pressure in response to restraint-stress, which was similar in mice fed either a low or high salt diet. These studies suggest that mechanisms unrelated to salt and acute stress alter the cardiovascular phenotype in mice lacking renin-b.
Gender differences in traditional knowledge of useful plants in a Brazilian community
Authors: da Costa Fernanda Vieira , Guimarães Mariana Fernandes Monteiro , Messias Maria Cristina Teixeira Braga
Published: July 2021

Genders differ in traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) about plants, but how gender influences TEK sharing is still poorly understood. Here, we examined how gender is associated with the diversity, transmission, and structure of TEK. We tested whether women and men differ in terms of plant knowledge (species richness, α-diversity), knowledge heterogeneity (β-diversity), and in the structure of social-ecological networks they form. The study was carried out in a suburban community in the city of Ouro Preto, Southeastern, Brazil. Using the snow-ball technique, semi-structured interviews, guided tours, and participant observation, we gathered information from 33 women and 33 men in the community. We collected information about their culture, social-economic profiles, and plant knowledge from which we identified 291 plant species in 10 use categories. Overall, our results indicated that the cognition and sharing of ethnobotanical knowledge are structured by gender. Women rated better in their plant knowledge repertory (greater α-diversity), while plant knowledge among men was more heterogeneous (greater β-diversity), suggesting less information sharing among them. We observed that the network among women is more connected, exhibited greater information sharing, with a greater number of central individuals, who likely provide the cohesion and maintenance of TEK in the community. Our findings indicate how social-ecological networks can provide insights and information to unveil social patterns of knowledge transmission. Understanding how TEK is fostered and shared among community members will favor better planning of ethnobotanical studies, as well as inform decision-makers about strategies for the conservation of plant TEK.
Transcriptome profiling in susceptible and tolerant rubber tree clones in response to cassiicolin Cas1, a necrotrophic effector from Corynespora cassiicola
Authors: Ribeiro Sébastien , Label Philippe , Garcia Dominique , Montoro Pascal , Pujade-Renaud Valérie
Published: July 2021

Corynespora cassiicola, a fungal plant pathogen with a large host range, causes important damages in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), in Asia and Africa. A small secreted protein named cassiicolin was previously identified as a necrotrophic effector required for the virulence ofC.cassiicolain specific rubber tree clones. The objective of this study was to decipher the cassiicolin-mediated molecular mechanisms involved in this compatible interaction. We comparatively analyzed the RNA-Seq transcriptomic profiles of leaves treated or not with the purified cassiicolin Cas1, in two rubber clones: PB260 (susceptible) and RRIM600 (tolerant). The reads were mapped against a synthetic transcriptome composed of all available transcriptomic references from the two clones. Genes differentially expressed in response to cassiicolin Cas1 were identified, in each clone, at two different time-points. Afterde novoannotation of the synthetic transcriptome, we analyzed GO enrichment of the differentially expressed genes in order to elucidate the main functional pathways impacted by cassiicolin. Cassiicolin induced qualitatively similar transcriptional modifications in both the susceptible and the tolerant clones, with a strong negative impact on photosynthesis, and the activation of defense responsesviaredox signaling, production of pathogenesis-related protein, or activation of the secondary metabolism. In the tolerant clone, transcriptional reprogramming occurred earlier but remained moderate. By contrast, the susceptible clone displayed a late but huge transcriptional burst, characterized by massive induction of phosphorylation events and all the features of a hypersensitive response. These results confirm that cassiicolin Cas1 is a necrotrophic effector triggering a hypersensitive response in susceptible rubber clones, in agreement with the necrotrophic-effector-triggered susceptibility model.
Emergence of equine-like G3 strains as the dominant rotavirus among children under five with diarrhea in Sabah, Malaysia during 2018–2019
Authors: Amit Lia Natasha , Mori Daisuke , John Jecelyn Leaslie , Chin Abraham Zefong , Mosiun Andau Konodan , Jeffree Mohammad Saffree , Ahmed Kamruddin
Published: July 2021

Rotavirus infection is a dilemma for developing countries, including Malaysia. Although commercial rotavirus vaccines are available, these are not included in Malaysia’s national immunization program. A scarcity of data about rotavirus genotype distribution could be partially to blame for this policy decision, because there are no data for rotavirus genotype distribution in Malaysia over the past 20 years. From January 2018 to March 2019, we conducted a study to elucidate the rotavirus burden and genotype distribution in the Kota Kinabalu and Kunak districts of the state of Sabah. Stool specimens were collected from children under 5 years of age, and rotavirus antigen in these samples was detected using commercially available kit. Electropherotypes were determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of genomic RNA. G and P genotypes were determined by RT-PCR using type specific primers. The nucleotide sequence of the amplicons was determined by Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed by neighbor-joining method. Rotavirus was identified in 43 (15.1%) children with watery diarrhea. The male:female ratio (1.9:1) of the rotavirus-infected children clearly showed that it affected predominantly boys, and children 12–23 months of age. The genotypes identified were G3P[8] (74% n = 31), followed by G1P[8] (14% n = 6), G12P[6](7% n = 3), G8P[8](3% n = 1), and GxP[8] (3% n = 1). The predominant rotavirus circulating among the children was the equine-like G3P[8] (59.5% n = 25) with a short electropherotype. Eleven electropherotypes were identified among 34 strains, indicating substantial diversity among the circulating strains. The circulating genotypes were also phylogenetically diverse and related to strains from several different countries. The antigenic epitopes present on VP7 and VP4 of Sabahan G3 and equine-like G3 differed considerably from that of the RotaTeq vaccine strain. Our results also indicate that considerable genetic exchange is occurring in Sabahan strains. Sabah is home to a number of different ethnic groups, some of which culturally are in close contact with animals, which might contribute to the evolution of diverse rotavirus strains. Sabah is also a popular tourist destination, and a large number of tourists from different countries possibly contributes to the diversity of circulating rotavirus genotypes. Considering all these factors which are contributing rotavirus genotype diversity, continuous surveillance of rotavirus strains is of utmost importance to monitor the pre- and post-vaccination efficacy of rotavirus vaccines in Sabah.
Proteome difference among the salivary proteins adsorbed onto metallic orthodontic brackets and hydroxyapatite discs
Authors: Siqueira Walter Luiz , Canales Maria Pia , Crosara Karla Tonelli Bicalho , Marin Lina Maria , Xiao Yizhi
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the atomic composition and the proteome of the salivary proteins adsorbed on the surface of orthodontic metallic bracket. For this, the atomic composition of orthodontic metallic brackets was analyzed with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The acquired bracket pellicle was characterized after brackets were immersed in human whole saliva supernatant for 2 hours at 37°C. Hydroxyapatite (HA) discs were used as a control. Acquired pellicle was harvested from the HA discs (n = 12) and from the metallic brackets (n = 12). Proteomics based on mass spectrometry technology was used for salivary protein identification and characterization. Results showed that most of the proteins adsorbed on the surface of orthodontic metallic brackets and on the HA discs were identified specifically to each group, indicating a small overlapping between the salivary proteins on each study group. A total of 311 proteins present on the HA discs were unique to this group while 253 proteins were unique to metallic brackets, and only 45 proteins were common to the two groups. Even though most proteins were unique to each study group, proteins related to antimicrobial activity, lubrication, and remineralization were present in both groups. These findings demonstrate that the salivary proteins adsorbed on the bracket surface are dependent on the material molecular composition.
Sports ingroup love does not make me like the sponsor’s beverage but gets me buying it
Authors: Franco Sara , Abreu Ana Maria , Biscaia Rui , Gama Sandra
Published: July 2021

Previous literature has shown that social identity influences consumer decision-making towards branded products. However, its influence on ones’ own sensory perception of an ingroup (or outgroup) associated brand’s product (i.e. sponsor) is seldom documented and little understood. Here, we investigate the impact of social identity (i.e. team identification) with a football team on the sensorial experience and willingness to buy a beverage, said to be sponsoring the ingroup or the outgroup team. Ninety subjects participated in one of three sensorial experience conditions (matched identity: ingroup beverage; mismatched identity: outgroup beverage; control: no group preference). Each participant tasted the new sponsoring beverage and answered a questionnaire about their subjective sensorial experience of the beverage. EEG and BVP were synchronously collected throughout. Analyses revealed that team identification does not influence subjective responses and only slightly modulates physiological signals. All participants reported high valence and arousal values while physiological signals consistently translated negative affects across groups, which showed that participants reported to be happy/excited about trying the beverage while their physiological signals showed that they were feeling sad/depressed/angry. Crucially, despite a similar sensorial experience, and similar socially desirable report of the subjective experience, only participants in the matched identity group demonstrate higher willingness to buy, showing that the level of team identification, but not taste or beverage quality, influences willingness to buy the said sponsor’s product.
Experimental study on anchorage performance of rockbolts by adding steel aggregates into resin anchoring agents
Authors: Zhang Ming , Han Jun , Cao Chen , Ma Shuangwen
Published: July 2021

Pull-out testing was carried out to evaluate the effects of shape, size and concentration of steel aggregates on anchorage performance. Steel grit with particle sizes of 1.5, 2.0, and 2.8 mm and steel shot diameters of 1.4, 2.0, and 2.5 mm were used as steel aggregates and were added into the resin anchoring agent. For each kind of steel aggregate, either 30, 40 or 50 aggregates were used to evaluate the effects of different steel aggregate densities. Anchorage specimens were prepared using ϕ20mm rebar bolts and steel sleeves. Compressive and shear strengths of resin containing steel aggregates, the pullout curve, and the circumferential strain of the sleeves were measured, and the energy consumption was calculated. Results show that compressive and shear strengths of resin containing steel grit and steel shot are increased by 8.4%-17.0% compared to pure resin. For the aggregate numbers of 30, 40 and 50, the anchoring force is increased by 7.9%, 7.5% and 6.5%; energy consumption is increased by 19.2%, 15.0% and 18.6%; and the circumferential strain of the specimen is increased by 28.4%, 25.1% and 39.5%, respectively. The effect of aggregate size on anchoring performance is significant; that is, the aggregate sizes of 1.4~1.5, 2.0 and 2.5~2.8 mm increase the anchoring force, energy consumption and sleeve circumferential strain by 8.5%, 4.6% and 8.7%, 16.0%, 8.4% and 28.4%, and 17.9%, 23.3% and 51.9%, respectively. The relationships of the anchoring force, energy consumption, and circumferential strain with steel aggregate quantity and size are formulated. Results show that the addition of steel aggregates increases the compressive and shear strengths of the resin, and steel aggregate quantity and size have significant impact on anchoring performance. This paper provides the basis for optimization of resin anchoring agents used in the mining industry. The impact of anchoring agent shear strength and residual shear strength on the anchoring effect were also discussed based on the failure analysis of the anchoring section.
Patient safety management systems and activities related to promoting voluntary in-hospital reporting and mandatory national-level reporting for patient safety issues: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Fujita Shigeru , Seto Kanako , Hatakeyama Yosuke , Onishi Ryo , Matsumoto Kunichika , Nagai Yoji , Iida Shuhei , Hirao Tomohiro , Ayuzawa Junko , Shimamori Yoshiko , Hasegawa Tomonori
Published: July 2021

Both voluntary in-hospital reporting and mandatory national-level reporting systems for patient safety issues need to work well to develop a patient safety learning system that is effective in preventing the recurrence of adverse events. Some of the hospital systems and activities may increase voluntary in-hospital reporting and mandatory national-level reporting. This study aimed to identify the hospital systems and activities that increase voluntary in-hospital reporting and mandatory national-level reporting for patient safety issues. An anonymous mail survey of hospitals in Japan was conducted in 2017. The hospitals were selected by stratified random sampling according to number of beds. The survey examined the annual number of reported events in the voluntary in-hospital reporting system for patient safety and experience of reporting unexpected patient deaths possibly due to medical interventions to the mandatory national-level reporting system in the last 2 years. The relationship of the answer to the questions with the patient safety management systems and activities at each hospital was analyzed. The response rate was 18.8% (603/3,215). The number of in-hospital reports per bed was positively related to identifying events by referring complaints or questions of patients or family members, using root cause analysis for analyzing reported events, and developing manuals or case studies based on reported events, and negatively related to the unification and standardization of medical devices and equipment. The experience with mandatory national-level reporting of serious adverse events was positively related to identifying problematic cases by a person in charge of patient safety management from the in-hospital reporting system of complications and accidental symptoms. Enhanced feedback for reporters may promote voluntary in-hospital reporting of minor cases with low litigation risks. Developing an in-hospital mechanism that examines all serious complications and accidental symptoms may promote mandatory national-level reporting of serious adverse events with high litigation risks.
Host immunity increases Mycobacterium tuberculosis reliance on cytochrome bd oxidase
Authors: Cai Yi , Jaecklein Eleni , Mackenzie Jared S. , Papavinasasundaram Kadamba , Olive Andrew J. , Chen Xinchun , Steyn Adrie J. C. , Sassetti Christopher M.
Published: July 2021

In order to sustain a persistent infection,Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) must adapt to a changing environment that is shaped by the developing immune response. This necessity to adapt is evident in the flexibility of many aspects ofMtbmetabolism, including a respiratory chain that consists of two distinct terminal cytochrome oxidase complexes. Under the conditions tested thus far, thebc1/aa3complex appears to play a dominant role, while the alternativebdoxidase is largely redundant. However, the presence of two terminal oxidases in this obligate pathogen implies that respiratory requirements might change during infection. We report that the cytochromebdoxidase is specifically required for resisting the adaptive immune response. While the bd oxidase was dispensable for growth in resting macrophages and the establishment of infection in mice, this complex was necessary for optimal fitness after the initiation of adaptive immunity. This requirement was dependent on lymphocyte-derived interferon gamma (IFNγ), but did not involve nitrogen and oxygen radicals that are known to inhibit respiration in other contexts. Instead, we found thatΔcydAmutants were hypersusceptible to the low pH encountered in IFNγ-activated macrophages. Unlike wild typeMtb, cytochromebd-deficient bacteria were unable to sustain a maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) at low pH, indicating that the remaining cytochromebc1/aa3complex is preferentially inhibited under acidic conditions. Consistent with this model, the potency of the cytochromebc1/aa3inhibitor, Q203, is dramatically enhanced at low pH. This work identifies a critical interaction between host immunity and pathogen respiration that influences both the progression of the infection and the efficacy of potential new TB drugs.
Altered microRNA expression in COVID-19 patients enables identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Farr Ryan J. , Rootes Christina L. , Rowntree Louise C. , Nguyen Thi H. O. , Hensen Luca , Kedzierski Lukasz , Cheng Allen C. , Kedzierska Katherine , Au Gough G. , Marsh Glenn A. , Vasan Seshadri S. , Foo Chwan Hong , Cowled Christopher , Stewart Cameron R.
Published: July 2021

The host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection provide insights into both viral pathogenesis and patient management. The host-encoded microRNA (miRNA) response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, remains poorly defined. Here we profiled circulating miRNAs from ten COVID-19 patients sampled longitudinally and ten age and gender matched healthy donors. We observed 55 miRNAs that were altered in COVID-19 patients during early-stage disease, with the inflammatory miR-31-5p the most strongly upregulated. Supervised machine learning analysis revealed that a three-miRNA signature (miR-423-5p, miR-23a-3p and miR-195-5p) independently classified COVID-19 cases with an accuracy of 99.9%. In a ferret COVID-19 model, the three-miRNA signature again detected SARS-CoV-2 infection with 99.7% accuracy, and distinguished SARS-CoV-2 infection from influenza A (H1N1) infection and healthy controls with 95% accuracy. Distinct miRNA profiles were also observed in COVID-19 patients requiring oxygenation. This study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a robust host miRNA response that could improve COVID-19 detection and patient management.
Photographic silence: Remediating the graphic to visualize migrant experience in Shaun Tan’s The Arrival
Authors: Singh Amrita
Published: July 2021

In the absence of a verbal language, The Arrival’s mode of representation is derived from various visual storytelling practices in addition to the comic. This article proposes that Tan remediates the mode of comics storytelling by presenting the narrative as a photo album and drawing the panels as photographs, and in turn the photograph is also remediated in the text as a drawn object. Using transmedial techniques such as focalization, gaze, framing and page layout, in addition to deliberations on style and form, Tan constructs comics storytelling with a photographic vision. This photographic vision is used to represent the experience of migration in the narrative as well as connect past and contemporary histories of migration world over. The photograph emerged as an important medium through which memory came to be visualized in the twentieth century, and is an important historical artefact capable of telling the story of its times. Tan also expects the reader to employ an intermedial and intertextual critical literacy to engage with the narrative. The visual poetics of the text direct the reader’s affective and empathetic engagement with the situation being presented and with the character whose experience they encode. The article focuses on three kinds of photographic representation in the narrative: the iterations of the protagonist’s family photograph, the narrative itself shaped as a photo album and the immigrant’s identification photograph.
Understanding pictorial metaphor in comic book covers: A test of the contextual and structural frameworks
Authors: Crawford Christopher A. , Juricevic Igor
Published: July 2021

Conceptual metaphor theory proposes that metaphor is a mental function, rather than solely a literary device. As such, metaphors may be present in any by-product of human cognition, including pictorial art. Crawford and Juricevic previously proposed two heuristic frameworks for the identification and interpretation of metaphor in pictures, which have been shown to be capable of describing how pictorial metaphors are identified and interpreted in the comic book medium. The present study tested artists’ preference for combinations of contextual and structural pictorial information in comic book cover images. We analysed usages of exaggerated size in comic book cover art, as exaggerated size is a pictorial device, which may be used both literally and metaphorically. The goal was to assess how contextual and structural information is combined, and how literal and metaphorical information interacts, both when it is congruent and incongruent. This analysis of the use of exaggerated size in comic book art indicates that artists prefer to produce images that have congruent combinations of literal and metaphoric pictorial information, or the incongruent combination of metaphoric contextual information and literal structural information. Artists do not, however, prefer to produce images that have the incongruent combination of metaphorical structural information and literal contextual information. Taken together with the Corpus Analysis Relevance Theory (CART) argument, this pattern suggests that when processing information, our cognitive systems prefer metaphorical interpretations over literal interpretations and contextual information over structural information.
Consumo alimentario y salud: hábitos alimentarios del comensal extradoméstico español
Authors: Díaz de Rada Vidal , Díaz Méndez Cecilia
Published: July 2021

La creciente importancia de la alimentación fuera del hogar es un hecho constatado y un rasgo característico de la modernidad. La literatura especializada asocia el consumo extradoméstico de alimentos a un perfil específico de comensal vinculando esta práctica a los ingresos, al nivel educativo y a la ocupación. Este trabajo sigue en esta línea para corroborar el perfil del comensal extradoméstico español, aportando como novedad, por un lado, un aumento en el número de variables y, por otro, un cambio en la temática de estas variables. Esto es posible gracias a la incorporación de preguntas relacionadas con la alimentación fuera del hogar en los Barómetros del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS, 2017). A las “tradicionales” variables sociodemográficas se añaden siete variables relacionadas con diferentes hábitos de la vida cotidiana y con incidencia sobre la salud de los individuos: el horario de levantarse y el de acostarse, el número de comidas en días laborables, el consumo de diferentes alimentos, la frecuencia de comidas fuera de casa, la práctica de ejercicio físico, y la autovaloración de su estado de salud. Los resultados de esta investigación muestran que el perfil del comensal fuera de casa presenta una dieta diferente al comensal doméstico, duerme menos horas y hace menos deporte que la media de la población española. A pesar de estas diferencias, el nivel educativo sigue siendo la variable principal a la hora de explicar este hábito alimentario.
Revisión sistemática de la evaluación de la mentoría social dirigida a jóvenes vulnerables
Authors: Sánchez-Aragón Anna , Belzunegui-Eraso Angel , Prieto-Flores Òscar
Published: July 2021

Este artículo ofrece una revisión sistemática de las distintas metodologías, técnicas y estrategias en la investigación evaluativa de la mentoría social dirigida a jóvenes vulnerables. Se analizan treinta y cinco evaluaciones de programas durante la década 2010-2020. Los resultados obtenidos muestran el uso mayoritario de una metodología experimental con ensayos controlados y aleatorizados. Este tratamiento metodológico se está viendo progresivamente complementado por la incorporación de investigaciones cualitativas centradas en entender la experiencia de los jóvenes dentro de ella. En base a estos resultados, se plantea la pluralidad de métodos como alternativa en el campo de la mentoría y se destaca la necesidad de contar con estudios que informen sobre la calidad del proceso.
Um gabinete de leitura à beira mar
Authors: Aquino Vanessa Barrozo Teixeira
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho aborda como se deu a constituição do Gabinete de Leitura da cidade do Rio Grande/RS em 1846, um dos gabinetes mais antigos do Brasil, e que se transformará no decorrer do século XIX em Bibliotheca Rio-Grandense. Além de reunir uma coleção significativa de livros e periódicos nacionais e estrangeiros também disponibilizava seus espaços para reuniões de agremiações locais e para aulas públicas e privadas voltadas para o ensino secundário. O corpus da pesquisa contempla documentos produzidos pela instituição, bem como anúncios, notas e artigos presentes na imprensa local. Conclui que essa instituição se constituiu como um espaço de sociabilidade e de instrução voltado para determinados grupos sociais, principalmente, vinculados ao comércio e que precisou ampliar sua função social e se transformar em biblioteca a fim de garantir sua continuidade.
História das bibliotecas brasileiras
Authors: Okuzono Simone Borges Paiva , Melo Kelly Castelo Branco da Silva , Azevedo Fabiano Cataldo de
Published: July 2021

Falar sobre bibliotecas é acessar uma trama sócio-histórica complexa e rica, cujosfios atravessam e costuram questões viscerais como memória, identidade, cultura e conhecimento. Em um mundo para o qual essas instituições parecem estar se tornando obsoletas, recorremos à sua história, que é também ahistória dos seus personagens e das ações por eles empreendidas, visando a seu fortalecimento, manutenção e desenvolvimento. Especificamente para esse dossiê, voltamo-nos para a história das bibliotecas brasileiras, tendo como norte a pergunta: “Qual o papel das Bibliotecas no Brasil?”
STUDY ON REINFORCEMENT OF FABRICATED HOLLOW SLAB BRIDGE BY POLYURETHANE-CEMENT COMPOSITE (PUC)
Authors: Zhang Kexin , Qi Tianyu , Zhu Zhimin , Xue Xingwei
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a new polyurethane-cement composite (PUC) material is used to reinforce a 25-year hollow slab bridge. PUC material is composed of polyurethane and cement, which has good mechanical properties. After pouring PUC material at the bottom of the hollow slabs, the traffic can be restored in a short time. Ultimate bearing capacity was discussed based on the concrete structures. The failure mode of the reinforced beam depends on the PUC material. The strengthening process includes surface treatment of concrete, formwork erection and polyurethane cement pouring. In order to verify the effectiveness of PUC reinforced bridges, load tests were carried out before and after reinforcement. The test results showed that PUC could remove the bridge load and increase the stiffness of the hollow slabs.
BENEFIT FROM CHAINED MASONRY WALLS TO IMPROVE THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS
Authors: Nour Abdelkader , Benanane Abdelkader , Varum Humberto
Published: July 2021

The multiple earthquakes have proved the effect of chained masonry walls on the seismic behavior of multistoried reinforced concrete buildings. The chained masonry walls have been considered one of the types of masonry infill walls but without gaps. This participation came intending to study this effect through the modeling of several two-dimensional frames for a multistoried reinforced concrete building, taking into account the hollow brick walls, which represent the most common type in Algeria. We analyzed the proposed models using ETABS finite element software, relying on the response spectrum method and respecting the most important requirements according to the applicable Algerian Seismic Code. After analysis of the different models, the results have been compared according to the parameters of the period, base shear, lateral displacement, and stiffness. Through a critical synthesis of the results, we concluded that these walls could significantly affect the seismic behavior of this type of buildings. Moreover, the neglect of these walls in the modeling process can lead designers to have a false perception of the behavior of these buildings towards seismic loadings.
SUSPEN DOME: AN EVALUATION WITH CFRP CABLES
Authors: Olofin IfeOlorun
Published: July 2021

This study investigated the feasibility of using CFRP cable as tension cables in suspen domes in view of the fact that suspen domes have been made with steel cables as its cable-strut system for centuries due to its availability. Indisputably, CFRP cables have become the material of choice in the 21st century for its efficiency and innovative design in bridge works. However, the application of CFRP cables to other cable structures has been limited. The need for its application to other cable structures is required in order to acquire more knowledge about its behavioral patterns. This paper gives preliminary findings of a successfully designed and constructed suspen dome prototype which comprehensively deepens the understanding of CFRP cable performance as a cable-strut system in a suspen dome. Results show that with its high stiffness, low weight and high strength, CFRP has proven to be a technically efficient and adequately strengthening material for structurally improving the adequacy of a suspen dome.
Public Spending and Poverty Reduction in Indonesia: The Effects of Economic Growth and Public Spending on Poverty Reduction in Indonesia 2009-2018
Authors: Taruno Hendrawan Toni
Published: July 2021

Poverty is a complex and multidimensional issue. Over the past four decades, the number of poor in Indonesia has experienced a significant decline, from 40.10 percent in 1976 to 9.82 percent in March 2018. Nevertheless, the disparity of poverty rates between provinces is still quite high. The poverty rate in several provinces in Java Island, for example, is already at the single-digit level, while in Eastern Indonesia, is still more than double-digit level. As it is known, public spending and economic growth are two crucial instruments on poverty reduction programs. This study aims to investigate the role of economic growth and public spending, particularly education, health, and social protection on poverty reduction in Indonesia. By using panel data from 31 provinces during 2009-2018 period, this study used two regression models to analyze the effects of these two variables on poverty reduction, both in urban and rural areas. This study shows that public spending on health and education sectors has a slightly different effect on poverty reduction between urban and rural areas. Convincingly, spending allocation on health and education has had a significant effect to reduce poverty rate in rural areas, while the decline of poverty rates in urban is likely more influenced by spending on health. This study also shows that over the past ten years, economic growth and social protection spending did not have a significant effect on reducing poverty rates. Therefore, in order to reduce poverty more effectively, it would be better for the government to focus its poverty reduction programs on investment in health and education sectors.