bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Storm Waves during Typhoon Maysak and Haishen in the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Son Bongkyo , Do Kideok
Published: February 2022

In this study, we simulated storm waves induced by typhoon Maysak and Haishen in the Korean peninsula by using the third-generation numerical wave model SWAN(Simulating WAves Nearshore). We used the sea-surface wind data of KMA(Korea Meteorological Agency)’s operational meteorological model RDAPS(Regional Data Assimilation Prediction System), and JMA(Japan Meteorological Agency)’s weather forecast model JMA-MSM(Meso-Scale Model) as input forcing of the numerical wave model. In addition, the wind field of the tropical cyclone was established with JTWC(Joint Typhoon Warning Center)’s best track data for the storm wave simulation. We used two different source term options, which consider other physics of energy generation by wind and dissipation by whitecapping. Validation of the simulation result was conducted over statistical analysis with the observation data from KMA and KHOA(Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency)’s buoys. As a result, the whole scenario tended to overestimate significant wave height. The simulation result by using RDAPS as input forcing outperformed the result by using JMA-MSM. It denoted that the performance of a wave model depends on the accuracy of input forcing wind. The wind field by JTWC’s best track data was not suitable compared with the meteorological numerical model. ST6 simulated the wave height higher than Komen’s source term. However, Komen's source term simulated storm waves better than ST6 in this study, and further researches under various conditions are required to evaluate ST6 for the storm waves simulation. In the simulation of wave period parameters, it was hard to estimate the accuracy of the model, and other approaches are necessary for the evaluation.
The role of profit management in mediation of financial performance and transparency towards profit distribution management in sharia commercial banks
Authors: Mismiwati Mismiwati , Haryadi Haryadi , Arum Enggar Diah Puspa , Lubis Tona Auora
Published: February 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of financial performance and transparency on profit distribution management with earnings management as a mediating variable in Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia. The population in this study were all Islamic Commercial Banks for 2014 - 2019, with as many as 14 Islamic commercial banks. Determination of the sample using the criteria to obtain 10 Islamic Commercial Banks. The data used is secondary data, in the form of financial statements of Islamic Commercial Banks, with data collection techniques in documentation. The analytical method used is the Structural Equation Model – Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method. The study results indicate that Financial Performance, Transparency affects Earnings Management Financial performance affects Profit Distribution Management, while transparency does not affect Profit Distribution Management. Profit management can mediate financial performance and transparency of Profit Distribution Management.
An insight of accountability practices in non-governmental organizations (NGOs): The case of Yemen
Authors: Abdullah Ahmed Abdulwahed Hamoud , Zainol Zaini , Mokhtar Norsyahida
Published: February 2022

The increase of scandals involving non-governmental organizations (NGOs) has provoked concerns from the public for their accountability. In the case of Yemen, the NGOs receive financial support from both local and international donors. These organisations, however, are not obliged to disclose how they manage the donation funds, although the donors usually outline specific requirements on how the funds should be utilised. At the same time, the success of projects undertaken by the NGOs funded by the donors can help to enhance the organisation’s reputation and legitimize its activities to secure more funds. This study investigated the level of accountability practices in the Yemeni local NGOs. A questionnaire survey was sent to 75 active local NGOs. The findings show that the level of accountability practices among local NGOs is moderate. Most of these organisations evaluated the impact of their projects at their completion. However, they tend to avoid an independent assessment of any third party. They also restricted the local communities’ involvement in determining where and how the money of the project should be spent. This suggests that the local NGOs are more likely to be “seen” as being accountable rather than being accountable. A further improvement perhaps through policymaking is thus necessary to ensure effective accountability practices in funds management of the NGOs.
New paradigms on performance of SMEs
Authors: Dushime Eunice , Muathe Stephen , Kavindah Lucy
Published: February 2022

Small and medium enterprises are major players in the competition and growth of economies. They have been accelerating changes towards achieving Burundi’s vision 2025. Even so, they have experienced numerous challenges which hinder their performance. Those obstacles can be improved by adopting entrepreneurial innovation as a strategy. The focus of this paper was to examine how entrepreneurial innovation affects the performance of small and medium enterprises in Bujumbura, Burundi. The resource-based view and dynamic capability theory were the main theories. This study used positivism as a research philosophy. An explanatory research design was employed on a sample size of 164 small and medium enterprises selected from the target population of 279 small and medium enterprises in Bujumbura, Burundi. The study found that process, organizational, and market innovation all had a significant effect on the performance of small and medium enterprises, while product innovation had no effect. The study recommends that small and medium business owners and managers should focus their efforts on establishing entrepreneurial innovation such as process, organizational, and market innovation to improve their performance and acquire a long-term competitive edge.
Are there legal consequences from procedural mistakes in handling child sexual abuse victims in Indonesia?
Authors: Feronica  , Putri Amira Sekar , Honggare Edwin Hartanto
Published: February 2022

The alleged rape case of a child at East Luwu in 2019 was terminated due to lack of evidence. Because of the news from mass media, the case was reopened in 2021 but was obstructed due to the need to wait for new evidence. This article does not discuss the evidence but highlights the procedure for handling child sexual victims that are used by several institutions. There are several institutions that can be involved in helping accompany and handle cases involving children as victims. At regional levels, there is the Integrated Service Center for the Empowerment of Women and Children (P2TP2A) whose duty is to give information, consultation on psychology and law, accompaniment and advocation, and services on medication and shelter. And the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia has the authority to start handling a criminal case. According to news from Vice.com, the case at North Luwu was originally reported by the victim’s mother to The Integrated Service Center for The Empowerment of Women And Children East Luwu. The officer then summoned the victim’s father who was the suspect. The officer reasoned that the mother’s report needed to be confirmed. The victim’s mother then reported the case to East Luwu Police Station. The police did an investigation, without the parents, law advisors, social workers, or even psychologists. This case then snowballed, and the evidence was put into question, without many highlights to the handling procedure that was used by The Integrated Service Center for The Empowerment of Women And Children officers and police force. How should the procedure on handling the child sexual victim have been done? If a mistake in the handling procedure occurred, are there any legal consequences? This article was developed as normative research, using statutory regulations, research results, and the opinion of law experts, as well as case progression from credible mass media.
The dynamics of customary inheritance law from the perspective of gender equality in Klungkung District-Bali
Authors: Nugraheni Laksana Arum , Fransiska Asmin , Kusumawardani Putu Devi
Published: February 2022

The current development and reform in society and government at the local and national levels have made customary law less strict than before. These developments influence also the inheritances law based on customary law. Inheritance disputes or their unequal distributions impacted the marginalization of certain groups, such as women or girls. There has been a shift in the opinion among society regarding women's inequality related to access to inheritance. Several developments of the notion of gender equality have been and are being stipulated in laws and regulations. The gender dimension interacts with other social values in society, and it is related to the social structure as a whole. This research aims to shed a light on the dynamics of customary inheritance law in terms of women's inheritance rights with the perspective of gender equality in Klungkung, Bali. The issues that will be explored are related to the inheritance law focusing on access to civil rights, i.e. women's inheritance rights, after the Decision of Bali MUDP Number 01/Kep/Psm-3/MDP Bali/X/2010 and the Supreme Court Jurisprudence Number 3/Yur/Pdt/2018 was issued. This study was conducted through juridical and sociological methods. From the sociological perspective of gender based on the critical paradigm, the power relations based on gender and social reality among women and men can be analyzed. The gender relations according to the sociological analysis are not only the social relations among women and men but also the power relations in social life. Primary data was collected using interviews and observations in 3 (three) sub-districts in Klungkung, Bali, and secondary data was obtained through a literature review of gender and customary inheritance law.
Replacement of Traditional Nursing Clinical With a Virtual Simulated Clinical Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pajakowski Lori J. , Liechty Taryn
Published: February 2022

Background: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Indiana University (IU) South Bend nursing faculty created a virtual clinical day that included synchronous and asynchronous experiences to replace 50% of traditional clinical hours in a 1:1 exchange to realistically imitate an in-person clinical day. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate existing outcome data to support the replacement of a traditional clinical experience with a virtual clinical experience as a valid pedagogical strategy to meet clinical student learning outcomes. Methods: Descriptive statistics were used to measure mean values of evaluation data for students who participated in the virtual simulated clinical experience (VSCE). Additionally, aggregate final course grades were compared between the group of students who participated in the VSCE and those who did not. Results: When compared with a traditional clinical day, all respondents believed that the VSCE was equal to or better than the traditional clinical setting for promoting critical thinking and meeting course outcomes. Evaluation of final course grades in the corequisite didactic course demonstrated equal or better performance than students in the traditional clinical setting only. Conclusion: Even though this experiment resulted in a successful outcome, it is essential to continue with rigorous research to demonstrate the effectiveness of a virtual clinical experience as a substitute for face-to-face clinical or simulation hours.
Diseño y Optimización del Timón de un Surcador Aplicando Elemento Finito y Templado Simulado
Authors: Flores Torres Mariana Concepción , Guerrero Méndez Cynthia Patricia , Saldaña Robles Alberto , Alcántar Camarena Víctor Alfonso
Published: February 2022

En este trabajo se propone el diseño y la optimización del timón de un surcador. El objetivo principal es diseñar el elemento con una adecuada resistencia estructural y características geométricas que permitan la reducción de su masa sin comprometer su resistencia. El diseño del surcador se realizó en un paquete de CAD tomando como referencia dimensiones de implementos similares. En primera instancia, un estudio teórico-numérico del estado de esfuerzo normal del diseño inicial del surcador sometido a carga se llevó a cabo. El análisis de resultados mostró una alta correlación (R2) entre los obtenidos numéricamente en comparación con los teóricos. Posteriormente, el proceso de optimización del timón se realizó empleando dos metodologías distintas: 1) un Diseño Central Compuesto (DCC) en combinación con Metodología de Superficie de Respuesta (MSR), métodos de exploración integrados en el software de elemento finito; y 2) el método de optimización de Templado Simulado (TS). Ambas metodologías ofrecen resultados similares logrando una reducción de masa de hasta 25 % respecto al diseño inicial.
Evaluación de carga mental en tareas de cálculo mental bajo distintas temperaturas de iluminación
Authors: Ortiz-Rodríguez Alejandrina , Maldonado-Macías Aidé Aracely , Solís-Téllez Carlos
Published: February 2022

La iluminación es un factor para el confort del trabajo. En cuanto a las deficiencias de iluminación en oficinas se tiene que estudios afirman que la iluminación mal empleada incrementa la carga mental ocasionando efectos adversos a trabajadores de oficina como trastornos físicos y emocionales. Los objetivos de esta investigación es recabar información de síntomas reportados por 38 participantes sobre su percepción de los efectos de iluminación en su trabajo y evaluar la carga mental percibida durante la ejecución de dos tareas de cálculo mental bajo tres diferentes temperaturas de iluminación en 3 individuos que trabajan en oficinas por más de 8 horas consecutivas. El estudio se realizó en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México, en un espacio controlado de iluminación, sonido y ondas electromagnéticas en una cámara anecoica en la cual se simuló una oficina. El estudio consistió en una encuesta aplicada a 38 participantes. Posteriormente, tres voluntarios realizaron dos tareas de cálculo mental en un tiempo de 15 minutos, bajo tres diferentes temperaturas de iluminación. La carga mental percibida se evaluó mediante el método NASA-TXL. Como resultado se obtuvo que no existe diferencia estadística significativa en los tres individuos, sin embargo, con el método NASA las dimensiones con las puntuaciones más altas son exigencia mental, exigencia temporal y nivel de frustración.
The Influence of Good Corporate Governance, Corporate Social Responsibility and Free Cash Floe on Financial Performance and Company Value
Authors: Silviati Rizqi , Fitriyah Hadiah
Published: February 2022

Financial performance is the company's ability to manage and control its resources, which is reflected in the financial statements proxied by ROA. Firm value is the level of success of the company in developing the company which is reflected in the share price proxied by PBV. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the independence of the board of commissioners, audit committee, corporate social responsibility and free cash flow on financial performance and firm value. In this study, the population used is a food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014 – 2018 with a total sample of 11 companies. The results of this study show that the results of the independence of the board of commissioners and the audit committee have no significant effect on financial performance, while Corporate Social Responsibility and free cash flow have a significant effect on financial performance. Meanwhile, the independence of the board of commissioners and corporate social responsibility have a significant effect on firm value, while the audit committee and free cash flow have no effect on firm value.
Optimization of Inventory Costs Using the Continuous Review System (CRS) Method in Controlling the Need for Raw Materials for the Crimean Industry
Authors: Jainuri Varid , Sukmono Tedjo
Published: February 2022

Forecasting is an estimate of something that has not happened or will happen in the future. Determination of the policies implemented by the company resulted in more costs for storage costs, resulting in wastage of costs and reduced company profits due to the accumulation of capital in the form of raw materials that had not been produced. This study describes the planning and control of sodium caseinate inventory. Of the many inventory control planning methods, the continuous review system model is used to determine the optimal number of orders and when orders are made. The total cost of inventory based on average usage in 2018 to 2020 is IDR 252,323,882,141.00 per year. The results showed that the continuous review system lost sales inventory control model has a minimum total inventory cost of Rp. 251,641,850,991.00 per year with an optimal number of orders.
Comparative Analysis of Altman Z - Score, Zmijewski, Fulmer and Ohlson Methods in Predicting Financial Distress
Authors: Ariyati Eka Hasanah , Nurasik Nurasik
Published: February 2022

This study was conducted in order to determine the differences between the Altman, Zmijewski, Fulmer and Ohlson methods in predicting financial distress and to find out which method is the most significant in predicting financial distress in packaging and plastic companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. In this study using quantitative research methods. The object of research is packaging and plastic companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2019 period. The data used is secondary data, namely financial reports published on the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data collection technique used purposive sampling with the number of samples obtained as many as 9 companies. The data analysis technique uses a comparison of the average Kruskal Wallis test on the SPSS 18 application. Based on the results of the study, it shows that there are significant differences between the Altman, Zmijewski, Fulmer and Ohlson methods in predicting financial distress in packaging and plastic companies. And from this research it is known that the Altman method is a method that has the highest average value, which means the most significant method among other methods with a value of 113.69, while the Zmijewski method is 48.31, the Fulmer method is 103.31, and the Ohlson method 24.69.
Analysis of the Influence of Good Corporate Governance on the Performance of Indonesian Islamic Banks in View from Maqashid Syariah 2015-2019
Authors: Firrizqi Mochamad Munthaha , Rahmawati Imelda Dian
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of of good corporate governance as proxied by the board of commissioners, board of directors, audit committee and institutional ownership on the performance of Islamic banks in terms of Islamic maqashid. Another research objective is to determine the ranking of Islamic commercial banks in 2015-2019. The research was conducted using quantitative methods with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The study was conducted using 10 samples with the amount of data observed as many as 50 financial reports. The results showed that the audit committee had a significant effect on the performance of Islamic banks, while the board of commissioners, board of directors and institutional ownership had no significant effect on the performance of Islamic banks. Simultaneously, it shows that good corporate governance has a significant effect on the performance of Islamic banks period 2015-2019.
The Effect of Taxpayer Awareness and Service of Regional Revenue Service Employees on PBB-P2 Taxpayer Compliance in Sidoarjo During the Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Budianti Endah Hermawan , Nurasik Nurasik
Published: February 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of taxpayer awareness and service of tax employees on taxpayer compliance. The sampling method used is accidental sampling. The sample in this study amounted to 101 samples. The data used is secondary data. The data analysis method used in this study is Multiple Linear Regression with SPSS 23. The results of this study indicate that taxpayer awareness has an effect on taxpayer compliance. The higher the level of awareness of taxpayers, the better understanding and implementation of tax obligations so as to increase compliance. Tax Employee Service Affects Taxpayer Compliance. Taxpayer compliance in fulfilling the obligation to pay taxes depends on how the tax officer provides the best quality of service to taxpayers.
The Effect of Advertising, Perception and Consumer Knowledge on Purchasing Products
Authors: Hadinata Wahyu Annas Surya , Hariasih Misti
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Iklan, Persepsi dan Pengetahuan konsumen Terhadap Pembelian Produk pada PT. Javas Tripta Mandala. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah melakukan tabulasi terhadap kuesioner, pengumpulan data yang berupa uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah pengaruh iklan, persepsi dan pengetahuan konsumen terhadap pembelian produk. Untuk menguji hipotesis ini digunakan alat analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil instrument penelitian yang diperoleh berdasarkan uji validitas menunjukkan seluruh pertanyaan pada kuesioner dinyatakan valid. Untuk uji reliabilitas dari semua variabel   diperoleh nilai Cronbach’s Alpha> 0.6 maka dinyatakan reliable. Uji Hipotesis berdasarkan Uji F, Uji t dan Adjusted R2 menunjukan ada Pengaruh signifikan Iklan, Persepsi dan Pengetahuan konsumen terhadap pembelian produk
Vessel speed analysis before and after dredging near Missouri River mile 282 in November 2020
Authors: Kress Marin
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) is to present information on vessel traffic before, during, and after a dredging event around river mile 282 of the Missouri River in November 2020 along with contextual information about tonnage and commodities that utilize this navigation project.
Developing the School Safety Perception Scale: The Validity and Reliability of Study
Authors: ERÇEK Mustafa Kemal , BİREL Fırat KIYAS
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research is to develop a scale to determine the perceptions of teachers working in secondary schools related to school safety. Alongside the social actors, the elements involved in achieving the goals of educational activities are important actors in the solution and implementation of the school security problems. Therefore, the actors performed in this way and were want teachers' perception of safety education activities in schools is critical. The research includes a scale development study.   Certain steps in the scale of development for secondary teacher’s perceptions of school safety were monitored. Reliability and Validity Scale with work related to the development of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes were performed. Exploratory factor analysis of the obtained 40-item scale 54.233 discloses % of the total variance. Analyzes showed that reliability coefficients of scale factors ranged from .769 to .893. These values are enough to pass to the confirmatory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that SSS is a valid tool to measure teachers’ perceptions about school safety. Structures of this study, data collected through school safety scale set Cronbach's alpha was calculated in order to determine the internal consistency. Application in terms of behavior and School Safety "Although low compared to other dimensions of size with .61, scale and reliability coefficients ranged between .80 and .93 for the dimensions have been determined to be highly reliable. İmplications for Research and Practice: With the help of the developed scale, relations between school safety perceptions and personal variables, organizational stress, school climate, use of security technologies, occupational burnout and organizational commitment can be examined. Effects of student perceptions of school safety on their academic success can be researched. Similar scales can be developed for parents, administrators, preschool, elementary school teachers, lecturers, and university students.
Challenges of Managerial Functions Emerging within IGRA Professional Organizations in East Kalimantan
Authors: Rukiyah Ity , Kadir Marniati , Ulfah Zakiyah
Published: February 2022

The function of Ikatan Guru Raudhatul Athfal, or what so-called by IGRA is ideally as a forum for professional development of educators and educational members of Early Childhood Education or ECE institutions. This research is aimed to figure out challenges faced by IGRA in East Kalimantan in relation to principles of organizational management i.e, planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling, or what so-called by POAC. In-dept interview was done to the head and members of IGRA in East Kalimantan in four different cities i.e, Samarinda, Balikpapan, Tenggarong, and Berau. Findings of this research indicate that principles of organizational management have not effectively been employed due to very crucial challenges, including leadership, organizational funding, IGRA members competency, government support, and some other critical barriers that trigger insufficient management implementation of IGRA in East Kalimantan. Research implications and suggestions are discussed further in this research.
Model of Developing Oral Skills for Non-Arabic Learners at the University Level
Authors: Bahruddin Uril , Syuhadak Syuhadak , Sutaman Sutaman
Published: February 2022

Most of the Arabic language teaching institutions face difficulties in getting students to speak Arabic with them. However, there is an institution that is classified as successful in teaching speaking skills to its students. This study aims to describe the strategies used by the Ar-Rayah College of Languages (STIBA) in Sukabumi in teaching spoken Arabic to students and their impact on the development of speaking skills. This research uses a qualitative approach with a type of case study. The results of this study indicate that there is a set of strategies that contribute to the achievement of the Arabic language learning process at STIBA Ar-Rayah, including the appropriate Arabic language teaching curriculum, student placement in dormitories, long study time, adequate extra activities, giving additional lessons for the less fortunate, and the existence of native speaking lecturers. The strategy used has an impact on the development of students' speaking skills, where they can speak Arabic fluently in about 6 months, students use Arabic fluently every day, and the Arabic language used is Standard Arabic. The conclusion of this study is that the success of learning Arabic for non-Arabic speakers is supported by the existence of an appropriate strategy in addition to the success in functioning other learning elements.
Examining the Need for Social Approval as a Predictor of Attitudes Towards the Teaching Profession
Authors: Saracoglu Mehtap , Kahyaoğlu Mustafa
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study is to reveal the effect of the need for social approval on the prediction of attitudes towards the teaching profession, which has an important role in teachers’ behaviors in educational settings. In this way, the effect and importance of the need for social approval such as sensitivity to the judgments of others, social retreat, and making a positive impression on others were examined. The research model was carried out according to relational scanning patterns from quantitative research methods. The population of the study has consisted of university students studying at the Faculty of Education in a university located in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, and the sample has consisted of 478 pre-service teachers. The sample of the study was determined according to the non-selective sampling method. The data in the study were obtained by “Attitude scale towards the teaching profession” and “Social approval needs scale”. Independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson Moments Correlation, and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. As a result of the research, it was determined that the attitudes of pre-service teachers towards the teaching profession were “high” and social approval needs were “moderate”. In the study, it was determined that the variables of the teachers’ sensitivity to the judgments of others, social retreat, and leaving a positive impression on others had a significant relationship with the attitude of the pre-service teachers towards the teaching profession. These variables explain 10% of the total variance in pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards the teaching profession. It has been determined that the variables of sensitivity to the judgments of others and leaving a positive impression on others are significant predictors of attitudes towards the teaching profession, while the social retreat variable does not predict significantly.
The Application and its Effects of Lecture Method in the Teaching Process at A Foundation University in Turkey
Authors: Akçadağ Tuncay
Published: February 2022

In this study, an application used in a lecture at a university was tried to be explained and the effects, thoughts, feelings, and criticisms that occurred in the students as a result of this application were tried to be determined. The steps of the developed application are as follows; the determination of the lesson objectives before the lesson by the teacher, the preparation of the evaluation questions for each lesson objective, the teacher’s entering the lesson by directing the evaluation questions to the students at the beginning of the lesson, making a short conversation about the answers given by the students to the evaluation questions, reminding students of the evaluation questions asked at the beginning of the lesson and enabling them to create answers again, comparing the first answers to the evaluation questions with the last answers, and enabling the students to see the differences between the answers. Qualitative research designs were used in the study. The required data were collected through analyzing the answers given to the questions of a semi-structured evaluation form based on the developed application from 73 students in different classes and courses from the education faculty of a foundation university in the 2019-2020 semester. The application was received positively by the majority of the students and their interest in the lectures increased. In addition, there were statements that the students were excited and had fun with the application, and they thought that the application should be expanded.
The Kiai’s Cultural Strategy in Shaping the Religious Culture of the Community of Temboro Magetan Village, East Java
Authors: Arifin Zainal , Maragustam Maragustam , Muqowim Muqowim , 'Aziz Hafidh
Published: February 2022

Religious culture in the village of Temboro, which made it is known as "Kampung Madinah", certainly did not happen suddenly, but there was a process of formation and role of Kiai and Pesantren Al-Fatah. This study aims to analyze the Kiai’s cultural strategy in developing a religious culture using a phenomenological approach and collects data through in-depth interviews, active participant observation, and documentation. The study results show that, firstly, ideological culture is the strategy of the Kiai in shaping the religious culture of the Temboro community. Secondly, the ideological culture of the Tablighi Jamaat has an impact on changing the five religious cultures of the Temboro community, namely: (1) ideological faith, (2) normative Islam, (3) Sufistic religious experience, (4) moderate-textual religious knowledge, (5) Maqami-intiqali practice.
The Principles of Educational Leadership in the Perspective of the Qur’an
Authors: Assa'idi Sa'dullah , Hamid Abd. , Subaidi Subaidi
Published: February 2022

Humans as inheritors of the earth regulate life and everything. With their intellects and skills, they can make the earth a place to carry out various daily activities. As the caliphs, they get the trust that must be implemented on the earth. In this study, the authors would adopt the cornerstone principles of leadership education in general and in view of the Quran. Principles of leadership in general education studied were those of integrative and cooperative capacity, rationality and objectivity, adaptability and flexibility, delegation, pragmatism, and exemplary. On average, the principles of educational leadership in the perspective of the Qur'an are the principle of tawhid, deliberation, fairy, freedom, upright, commanding the good and forbidding the evil, and a good example. From these two principles of educational leadership, they include the education for a leader who according to the morality of the Qur'an (1) is tolerant, (2) likes to do deliberation in decision-making, (3)  is fair in terms of law, (4)  gives freedom, (5)  can be trusted, (6)  is always doing good, and (7) gives good examples. An educational leader as stated in the Qur'an is the one who upholds Islamic values and leadership principles.
Cultura y desarrollo territorial: un análisis de las ciudades medianas españolas mediante la herramienta europea Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor
Authors: Escalona Orcao Ana Isabel , Escolano-Utrilla Severino , Sánchez-Valverde García Belén , Sáez-Pérez Luis Antonio
Published: February 2022

Aplicamos la herramienta Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor (MCCC) para medir el desempeño cultural de las 81 ciudades españolas de 50 000 a 100 000 habitantes y evaluamos su contribución a la comprensión de los ecosistemas culturales estudiados. Expuestas las cuestiones teóricas y las hipótesis que se pretende verificar, obtenemos primero los 29 indicadores que describen la vitalidad cultural, la economía creativa y la calidad del entorno para la cultura en cada ciudad, superando los retos planteados por las fuentes. Para conseguir el segundo objetivo, contrastamos el comportamiento de diferentes tipos de ciudades según los índices de desempeño cultural generados, particularmente el índice C3. También exploramos la relación del índice y diversas características socioeconómicas y, mediante un análisis clúster, establecemos una tipología de ciudades según el perfil dominante –vitalidad cultural, economía creativa, contexto socio espacial– en sus respectivos ecosistemas. Los resultados dejan patente que el MCCC mejora la comprensión de los ecosistemas culturales captando sus diferencias intrínsecas. Se evidencian variaciones de comportamiento entre ciudades metropolitanas, no metropolitanas o turísticas y se obtienen agrupamientos coherentes de ciudades, que pueden compartir de ese modo sus estrategias para que las políticas culturales urbanas sean una parte central de la política local.
Resilience in Bangladesh: Impact Evaluation of the Promoting Sustainable Building in Bangladesh (PSBiB) Project
Authors: Van Hemelrijck Adinda
Published: February 2022

The ‘Promoting Sustainable Building in Bangladesh’ (PSBiB) project was implemented together with 3 partner organizations between 2016 and 2019. It aimed to reduce the negative impacts of the construction and house building industry in Bangladesh on the environment, livelihoods and communities, by enabling a transition from unsustainable Traditional Bricks (TB) to sustainable Alternative Building Blocks (AB). This Effectiveness Review examines the effectiveness and relevance of the PSBiB project, with a focus on policy changes and contributions to strengthening the country’s resilience. It adopted the Participatory Impact Assessment and Learning Approach (PIALA) as well as Contribution Tracing. The results provide evidence that the project’s strategies and interventions were significant and relevant in achieving the necessary changes in policies and legislation for promoting sustainable building materials and halting the extraction of topsoil from fertile land and protected areas. The evaluation also investigates the project’s contributions to triggering the market and to the capacities of resilience. Find out more by reading the full report now.
Energy-ecological Efficiency of Dual-Fuel Serie Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Considering WTW Emissions
Authors: Boloy Ronney Arismel Arismel Mancebo , Soares Laene , de Moraes Danielle Rodrigues , Callejo Luis Hernández
Published: February 2022

This paper discussed the possibility of replacing the internal combustion engine of the series plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) powered by gasoline A and Brazilian gasoline in single-fuel mode by one fuelled with 50% bioethanol and 50% biogas in dual-fuel mode. The simulation of the combustion of the fuels selected, such as bioethanol, biogas and gasoline A, were carried out through GASEQ software to calculate the energy-ecological efficiency of the single-fuel and dual-fuel modes. The well-to-pump (WTP) emissions of the bioethanol and biogas production from sugarcane were evaluated through GREET software. The tank-to-wheel (TTW) emissions were determined to each series PHEV operating modes. Thus, the well-to-wheel (WTW) emissions were calculated through the sum of the WTP, TTW and electricity mix emissions. According to the results, the energy-ecological efficiency for the dual-fuel mode was 10.7% and 24.1% higher than that found for the single-fuel mode powered by gasoline and Brazilian gasoline, respectively. The analysis showed that the losses during the biogas production aggravate linearly the WTP emissions, and consequently the WTW emissions of the series PHEV. Besides that, the dual-fuel mode presented 15.5% and 12.8 less TTW emissions than the single-fuel mode powered by gasoline A and Brazilian gasoline, respectively. Comparing to the emission standards, the dual-fuel mode presented TTW emissions 30.5% higher than the European Union emission standard by 2021. Although the dual-fuel mode does not meet none of the emission standards, this engine mode can be an alternative to at least reduce the tailpipe emissions.
House officers’ specialist career choices and motivators for their choice– a sequential mixed methods study from Malaysia
Authors: Nadarajah Anuradha , Shankar Pathiyil Ravi , Jayaraman Sivakumaran , sreeramare chandrashekhar T
Published: February 2022

Background:
Shortage and maldistribution of medical specialists hampers healthcare quality. The specialist career choices of house officers determine the composition healthcare system. We studied house officers’’ specialist career choices and motivators for their choice.
Methods:
An exploratory sequential mixed methods study was done from July to December 2020 among house officers working in Hospital Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia. We conducted online in-depth interviews among seven house officers using an interview guide developed based on a literature review. The transcripts were analyzed thematically. A 33-item questionnaire was developed, and the main and sub themes identified as motivators for specialist career choice. An online survey was done among a random sample of 185 house officers. Content validation of motivators for specialist choice was done using exploratory factor analysis. First, second and third choice for specialist career were identified. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were done to determine the socio-demographic factors and motivators associated with first choice.
Results:
Two major themes identified from the in-depth interviews with house officers. Perceptions about specialist training opportunities were positive as they gain wide range of clinical competencies through a well-structured, comprehensive training programs under existing specialist training pathways. However, limited availability of Malaysian local university training opportunities and challenges of ‘on-contract’ to pursue specialist training were the main challenges. The motivational factors for first-choice specialty were related to ‘work schedule’, ‘patient care characteristics’, ‘specialty characteristics’, ‘personal factors’, ‘past work experience’, ‘training factors’, and ‘career prospects.’ Overall Cronbach’s alpha for the questionnaire on motivators was 0.85. Exploratory factor analyses retained 26 out of 33 items in seven constructs with a 64.9% variance. House officers’ first choice were specialties related to medicine (40.5%), surgery (31.5%), primary care (14.6%) and acute care (13.5%). On multivariate analysis, “younger age”, “health professional in family”, “work schedule and personal factors”, “career prospects” and “specialty characteristics” were associated with first choice.
Conclusions:
Specialties related to medical and surgical disciplines were most preferred disciplines. Motivators for first choice varied by disciplines. The information motivational factors are helpful to develop policies to encourage more doctors to choose specialties with shortage of doctors and to provide career specialty guidance.
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Following Legionnaires' Disease Case Report
Authors: Aboaid Hazem , Issa Tammy , Sharma Rupam , Aboaid Shatha , Kalha Ishaan , Munoz Augustine D , Heidari Arash
Published: February 2022

Background: Legionnaires’ disease can involve multiple systems of the human body. However, in the majority of cases, it presents as a pneumonic illness responsible for 2–15% of community-acquired pneumonia cases that necessitate hospitalization. Herein described is a case of a 51-year-old male presenting with productive cough and headache who was later diagnosed with legionella pneumonia. He suffered from several episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding subsequently. To the best of our knowledge, prior to this case, only sixteen cases of gastrointestinal bleeding following Legionnaires’ disease have been reported. Methods: Approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Kern Medical. A retrospective review of the patient’s record was performed. The literature search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar. These search terms were applied: Legionnaires’ disease, Legionnaires’ disease complication, gastrointestinal bleeding following Legionnaires’ disease, legionella pneumonia.Results: GI bleeding is rare in LD and the relationship between this association is uncertain. Legionella pneumophila is equipped with Dot/Icm Type IV Secretion System (T4SS), which is a cable to deliver up to 300 effector proteins into the cytoplasm of the host cells. These proteins function as virulence factors. It is worth mentioning that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) a known GI pathogen is also armed with a T4SS like Legionella pneumophila called H. pylori Cag T4SS.Conclusion: Further studies are needed to prove the relationship, but clinicians should search for the presence of this pathogen in other organs to understand the pathophysiology of extrapulmonary diseases. We must learn to cast a finer net when fishing for the cause of the symptoms. The etiology may be passing right through our screening methods
Patterns of adult and youth inpatient admissions before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in a psychiatric ward: an observational study
Authors: Rodrigues Carolina Alves , Rodrigues Nuno , Nascimento Miguel , Oliveira-Silva Joana
Published: February 2022

Background: The current pandemic situation led to deep changes not only in social relationships, but also on clinical care and access to healthcare facilities. The authors aimed to understand if this context led to a different pattern of treatment of patients with severe mental illness, measured by admissions in an acute psychiatric ward. Methods: Retrospective data collection of all patients admitted in Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, in two different time periods: pre-COVID-19 (march 11th, 2019 to march 10th, 2020, n=1845) and COVID-19 (march 11th, 2020 to march 10th, 2021, n=1278); comparing the number of total admissions, compulsory ones, age, sex, median days of admission, median days to readmission and diagnosis at discharge. Distribution of disorders in both groups, as well as in compulsory admissions were also evaluated. The same comparisons were evaluated in the 15–25-year-old patient group. Results: Statistical significance was found regarding total number of admissions (reduction of around 30.7%), as well as compulsory ones (reduction of 14%, although the relative frequency had increased), days of admission and distribution between admissions (with lower reductions regarding dementias, schizophrenia and affective disorders, while substance use disorders and intellectual disabilities presented reductions of over 50%), with no differences between gender, median age, previous admissions or readmissions. Distribution between compulsory admissions did not present differences before and during COVID periods. For patients between 15 and 25 years of age, statistical significance was found regarding total number of compulsory ones (94 versus 44, p-value=0.01), and in all group of diagnoses (all with p-value=0.001). Conclusions: While there was a general reduction in the overall number of patients admitted, in the most severe conditions (compulsory admissions and schizophrenia diagnosis) did not present such a reduction. Difficulties in social, clinical and family networks can explain the reduction of the time to readmission. Future research could show whether there is a rebound increase number of admissions in the other diagnoses. Trial Registration: the current study was approved by the hospital’s scientific and ethics committees (CCP number 0060/2021 and CES 09/2021).
A Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter is as Useful as a Central Venous Catheter for Rapid Fluid Infusion
Authors: Maki Jun , Sumie Makoto , Ide Tomoko , Nagamatsu Masako , Matsushita Katsuyuki , Shirozu Kazuhiro , Higashi Midoriko , Yamaura Ken
Published: February 2022

Background
Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) have been widely used because of their low risk of mechanical complications associated with insertion compared with central venous catheters (CVCs). However, PICCs are not widely used for anesthetic management due to concerns regarding the measurement of central venous pressure (CVP) and rapid fluid infusion. The CVP measured via PICCs are reportedly as accurate as that measured via CVC, but the findings concerning rapid infusion are unclear. We therefore investigated the usefulness of a PICC as a rapid infusion route compared with a CVC.
Methods
The in-line pressure was measured in similar-sized double-lumen catheters - 4-Fr PICC (55, 45 and 35 cm) and 17-G CVC (13 and 20 cm) - at flow rates of saline decided using a roller pump system. We also examined the flow rate at an in-line pressure of 300 mmHg, which is the critical pressure at which hemolysis is considered to occur during blood transfusion.
Results
In-line pressures increased in proportion to the flow rate and catheter length in both the PICC and CVC. On comparing the 45-cm PICC and 20-cm CVC, the in-line pressures were higher in the PICC than in the CVC at a flow rate of ≤30 mL/min, although the opposite was true at a flow rate of ≥90 mL/min. Flow rates at an intra-circuit pressure of 300 mmHg were not significantly different between the 45-cm PICC and 20-cm CVC.
Conclusion
A PICC can be used for rapid fluid infusion and blood transfusion, just like a CVC.