bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract P637: Sex-Specific Population Attributable Fractions to Cardiovascular Mortality Among US Adults
Authors: Tian Ling , Geng Siyi , Jaeger Byron C , Dorans Kirsten , Chen Jing , He Jiang , Bundy Joshua D
Published: March 2023

Background:
Previous studies suggest that prevalence and associations of metabolic risk factors with cardiovascular disease (CVD) differ between women and men. However, few studies have investigated the simultaneous contributions of social, behavioral, and metabolic risk factors to CVD mortality for women and men in a US nationally representative sample. Results of this study could aid researchers, clinicians, and policymakers in developing precision strategies to reduce the burden of CVD.

Hypothesis:
Metabolic risk factors contribute to CVD mortality more in men than women, and social determinants of health (SDOH) and behavioral risk factors contribute to CVD mortality more in women than men.

Methods:
We included 50,808 participants aged ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018, linked to the National Death Index for cause-specific mortality follow-up through December 31, 2019. Social determinants of health and behavioral and metabolic risk factors were collected in each survey cycle. CVD mortality was ascertained by ICD-10 codes I00-I09, I11, I13, I20-I51, and I60-I69. We estimated the simultaneous impact of social, behavioral, and metabolic risk factors on CVD mortality in women and men using average population attributable fractions, which consider both the prevalence and strength of association of all risk factors in one model.

Results:
During a median 9.0-year follow-up, 2,589 CVD deaths were recorded (1,140 in women; 1,449 in men). Current smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and albuminuria contributed to CVD mortality significantly among both women and men. SDOH, behavioral and metabolic risk factors contributed 11.2%, 9.0%, and 30.2% to CVD mortality among women, but 9.6%, 7.4%, and 33.9% among men (Table).

Conclusions:
Social and behavioral risk factors have a larger role in population-level CVD mortality among women, while metabolic factors play a larger role in men. However, overall population attributable fractions of CVD mortality were similar in women and men.
Abstract P639: Sex Modifies the Association of Socioeconomic Status With Life’s Essential 8
Authors: Williams Amaris , Joseph Joshua J
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Higher scores for American Heart Association (AHA) Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) metrics, blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, sleep, and diet, are associated with lower risk of chronic disease. Socioeconomic status (SES; education & income) is associated with LE8 metrics, but there is limited understanding of potential differences by sex.

Methods:
Using data from the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, years 2011-2018, LE8 scores were calculated based on AHA guidelines with a point score of 0-100. Age-adjusted linear regression was used to quantify the association of SES with LE8 score. An interaction term was placed in the model to test the interaction of sex with SES in the association with LE8 score among men and women of each racial/ethnic group.

Results:
The US population representatively weighted sample (n = 13,626) was aged 20 years or older (median 48 years). Non-Hispanic Black and White American (NHBA & NHWA) women had a greater magnitude of positive association of education and income with LE8 scores than men of the same racial groups (p for all interactions < 0.05), due to women having higher LE8 scores at higher education and income levels and no difference between the sexes at low education and income levels. Among non-Hispanic Asian (NHAA) and Hispanic Americans (HA), the association of SES with LE8 was the same in men and women, and women had greater LE8 scores compared to men at all levels of SES (i.e. High school or less, some college, and college degree or more).

Conclusions:
Women have the greatest magnitude of association of socioeconomic status with LE8 scores among NHBA and NHWA, but not NHAA and HA. Potential explanations for findings in NHBA and NHWA include caregiver burden among women, sex-based discrimination, gender norms that inhibit men from accessing preventive medical care, and careers available to each sex. There is a paucity of research on sex differences in variables that affect SES and cardiovascular health among NHAA and HA.
Abstract P643: Health Behaviors and Health-Related Quality of Life Among the Korean Adults Aged 18 - 64 Years
Authors: Kim Miso , Choo Jina
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
There was little information on heart-healthy behaviors, which are determined as recently updated lifestyle behavioral factors, in the associations with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in the general population.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that either individual or combined heart-healthy behavior(s) would be significantly associated with HRQOL.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with 10,396 adults aged 19-64 years (4,412 men and 5,984 women). Seven heart-healthy behaviors were used, i.e., current non-smoking, non-binge drinking, sufficient physical activity, sufficient sedentary behavior, sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables, no-sugar-sweetened beverage intake, and sufficient sleep duration. EuroQOL-5 scores converted to 100 points (range: 0 - 100) were taken for HRQOL. The hypothesis was tested using multiple linear regression analysis with complex sampling designed to use weighted values after adjusting for age, gender, region, income, education, marital status, number of comorbidities, and the other healthy behaviors.

Results:
Of the participants (N = 10,396), 77.4% reported current non-smoking, 85.1% non-binge drinking, 50.4% sufficient physical activity, 54.1% sufficient sedentary behavior, 35.7% sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables, 42.2% no sugar-sweetened beverage intake, and 56.5% sufficient sleep duration. Women were significantly more likely to have higher percentages of heart-healthy behaviors than men. Among men, sufficient physical activity (p = 0.047) was significantly associated with EuroQOL-5 scores. Among women, non-sedentary behavior (p = 0.001) and sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables (p = 0.040) were significantly associated with EuroQOL-5 scores. Individuals with a greater number of heart-healthy behaviors showed significantly higher scores of EuroQOL-5 (p = 0.002) in a linear pattern among men, but not among women. The prevalence of having 0 - 2, 3 - 5, and 6 - 7 of the healthy behaviors was 12.8%, 74.4%, and 12.8%, respectively. Compared with the group with 0 - 2 of the healthy behaviors, the group with either 3 - 5 (p = 0.009) or 6 - 7 (p = 0.001) showed significantly higher scores of EuroQOL-5 among men, but not among women.

Conclusions:
Some individual and combined heart-Healthy behaviors were significantly associated with HRQOL; these associations differed by gender. Heart-healthy behaviors should be further emphasized and encouraged in men to elevate the levels of HRQOL, and may be paid attention in women to the efforts of identifying confounding factors in the associations between heart-healthy behaviors and HRQOL.
Abstract P647: Assessing the Current Practice of Home Blood Pressure Reporting During Pregnancy
Authors: Wisniewski Hannah , Shankara Sravya , Skaritanov Ekaterina , Denu Mawulorm , Juraschek Stephen P , Kovell Lara
Published: March 2023

Background:
Hypertension (HTN) during pregnancy is a leading cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and is increasingly prevalent in the United States. Home blood pressure (HBP) monitoring allows for blood pressure surveillance throughout pregnancy and can prompt pregnant women to seek medical attention if their blood pressure exceeds safe thresholds.

Objectives:
To assess the current practice of HBP reporting in pregnancy.

Methods:
We enrolled 38 pregnant women at 24-32 weeks gestation with either a chronic HTN diagnosis or systolic blood pressure of 140-159 and 40 pregnant women without HTN between July 2019 and November 2021. Clinic visits (telehealth and in-person) were retrospectively reviewed. Each visit with recordings of HBP was categorized as: exact HBP readings, ranges of readings, or qualitative assessment (e.g., normal) of HBP readings during pregnancy and postpartum. Two-sample test of proportion was used for comparisons.

Results:
Of the 38 women with HTN, 27 (71%) had at least one recorded HBP in pregnancy or postpartum, compared to 2 (5%) women without HTN. There was a total of 158 prenatal visits with HBP recorded and 39 readings postpartum. Readings were more likely to be reported as an exact HBP in the postpartum period (49%) vs. prenatal period (23%,
p
= 0.001,
Figure
). In the prenatal period, 47% of the visits recording HBP reported a range of readings.

Discussion:
In this population of pregnant women with HTN, we observed substantial heterogeneity of HBP monitoring and reporting during pregnancy and postpartum. Exact HBP reporting in the postpartum period may be related to fewer postpartum follow-up visits. With an increased focus on remote patient monitoring, digital health tools may be important for standardization of HBP monitoring in clinician reporting.

Figure:
Number of reports by type prenatal and postpartum. Each mention of HBP monitoring in the medical record was coded as an exact reading reported, a range of readings reported, or a qualitative report (“HBP has been within normal limits”)
Abstract P648: Flattening the Curve: A Behavioural Economics Approach to Increase Activity in Summer Months
Authors: Fast Isaak D , Sobhan Shamsia , McGavock Jon
Published: March 2023

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to determine if the behavioural economics principle “Fresh Start Effect” was evident within population-based patterns of cycling-specific active transportation (AT). The primary hypothesis was that cycling traffic along AT trails would not exhibit a fresh start effect, compared to cycling traffic along leisure trails.

Design and Methods:
We triangulated data from three data sources (n=3 million individual data counts) to test this hypothesis. First, the main outcome measure, cycling traffic was captured during summer months (May to September) from 2014 to 2019 with electromagnetic EcoCounters embedded in 5 paved multi-use trails in Winnipeg, Canada. Trails were categorized as AT (bi-modal peaks in traffic in the morning and afternoon) or leisure based on daily patterns of cycling traffic (single peaks of traffic in the afternoon). To confirm trends in AT-based cycling, we used daily bicycle parking data from 2012 to 2019 provided by one of the cities largest companies. To replicate the leisure-based Fresh Start effect trend we used data for fitness centre visits from the largest University in the city between 2017 and 2019. To estimate the weekly trends in occupational attendance we captured sales data from a local coffee shop from 2013 to 2019. Generalized linear mixed effects models compared counts between Mondays and other weekdays for all 4 datasets.

Results:
Cycling traffic was ~22% lower on Fridays relative to Mondays for both AT trails (-89 counts; 95% CI: -33 to -145counts for AT trails vs -86 counts). Nearly identical trends were observed for leisure type multi-use trails (-86 counts; 95% CI: -38 to -135 counts for leisure trails). Daily rates of occupational bicycle parking (i.e. cycling to work) were 14% lower on Fridays compared the beginning of the week (-7 counts; 95% CI: -4 to -10 counts). Daily rates of fitness centre attendance (i.e. leisure physical activity) were 18% lower on Fridays relative to the beginning of the week (-519 counts; 95% CI: -408 to -630 counts). In contrast to cycling and fitness centre data, daily coffee sales increased 15% on Fridays relative to the beginning of the week, (+42.8 counts; 95% CI: +34.1 - +51.5) suggesting that declines in cycling and leisure physical activity were not related to fewer people working on Fridays.

Conclusions:
Population-based AT and leisure-based cycling patterns are sensitive to the Fresh Start Effect. These data provide data to guide targeted public health strategies to increase AT and leisure-based cycling in urban areas.
Abstract P649: Juvenile Exercise Delays Frailty and Promotes Metabolic Health in Aged Mice
Authors: Feng Mengya , Li Min , Zhang Nini , Lou Jing , Wu Guiling , Wu Fangqin , Tan Yanzhen , Yang Hongyan , Yan Wenli , Liu Xuyun , Li Jia , Liu Jiankang , Zhang Xing , Gao Feng
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Physical exercise is well-recognized for its beneficial effects on health. Acute or short-term effects of exercise have been extensively studied; however, it remains unclear whether exercise in juvenile has sustained beneficial effects until old age.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that juvenile exercise would delay frailty and promote metabolic health in aged mice.

Methods:
Male and female mice were divided into sedentary and exercise groups, and each group contains 50 mice. Mice in exercise group started swimming at 1 month of age and stopped at 4 month of age (1.5 hour per day and 5 days per week). No exercise intervention was conducted in other time. The general health, cardiac function, metabolism and other parameters were examined in aged mice. Transcriptional profiling of various tissues and organs was performed to obtain insight into mechanisms that how juvenile exercise affects aged mice.

Results:
Juvenile exercise mice showed significant reduction in frailty and improvement in metabolic health compared with sedentary controls. Both male and female juvenile exercise mice were scored lower in frailty at the age of 24 months. Juvenile exercise improved the integument and physical/musculoskeletal status of male mice. For females, juvenile exercise reduced frailty in all aspects. Female juvenile exercise mice weighted more than sedentary mice at 24 months old but male groups showed no difference. The cardiac function, food consumption, grip strength and rotarod running time between two groups also presented no difference at 24 months. Juvenile exercise mice showed improved flexibility in substrate usage at the age of 24 months under fasting condition. Aged mice in exercise group showed significant higher energy expenditure, fat and carbohydrate oxidation than their controls. KEGG overrepresentation analysis for the differentially expressed genes demonstrated that pathways altered by juvenile exercise were most related to metabolism, especially lipid metabolism.

Conclusions:
These results demonstrate that regular and moderate physical exercise in juvenile age extends health span in mice, highlighting the sustained beneficial effects of juvenile exercise.
Abstract P651: Assessing the Pathway Between Health Care Utilization and Hypertensive Outcomes Among Young Adult African American Medicaid Beneficiaries in Delaware
Authors: McCullers Asli
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
African Americans have been studied to underutilize medical care in comparison to other groups due to a variety of factors, including lack of access and medical mistrust, both attributable long-standing systemic oppression. Thus, African Americans bare a disproportionate burden of chronic conditions, including hypertension, which is more than two times more prevalent among African Americans in comparison to other groups. To date, the health care utilization behaviors of African American young adults, ages 18-30, are understudied. Addressing this relationship in a young sample may be informative in fostering long-term improvement of health outcomes for African Americans.

Question:
Among African Americans aged 18-30. is there an association between hypertension diagnosis and recent receipt of a general adult medical exam?

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional case control study using data from a sample of African American Medicaid recipients living in Delaware, aged 18-30. Following an assessment of demographic characteristics, we performed logistic regression adjusted for gender and zip code to investigate the association between hypertension diagnosis and receipt of a general adult medical exam within the study period.

Results:
Among patients aged 18-30, those with hypertension (n=2,506) had 1.4 times the odds of reporting to have received a general adult medical exam during the study period when compared to those without hypertension (n=24526; p<.0001). The difference between the mean number of visits between strata (.379 vs. .302) is statistically significant (p<.0001).

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that young adult African American patients living with hypertension are more likely to have a general adult medical exam during the study period than clients of the same age group without hypertension. We believe this may implicate that those with poorer health tend to seek care more often, though further research is needed to better understand motivations for seeking care. Improved understanding of the pathway between health care utilization and hypertension through a younger lens will be critical in targeting self-advocacy programs that address aversion to care-seeking behaviors for generations to come.
Abstract P657: Association Between Perceived Discrimination and Arterial Stiffness: A Scoping Review
Authors: Pagan Lassalle Patricia , Patterson Craig , Meyer Michelle L , Stoner Lee
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
The association of perceived discrimination (PD) and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has not been established, limiting our understanding of the importance of PD to CVD pathology.

Purpose:
With respect to PD and pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measure of arterial stiffness and subclinical CVD risk, this scoping review aimed to: (i) identify and synthesize the available research, and (ii) identify research gaps and make recommendations for future research.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that greater PD would be associated with greater (worse) PWV.

Methods:
All original research was eligible if it included adults (≥18 years) and co-measurement of PD and PWV. Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscuss, and CINALH+) were searched up to June 28
th
, 2022.

Results:
We identified 419 articles, of which 58 were duplicates, and 355 were irrelevant. We reviewed the full text of six articles. Three articles evaluated the same cohort, so two were excluded to minimize confounding, and another for lacking a measure of PD. As summarized in Table 1, a total of three observational (one longitudinal) studies were identified from Brazil, the UK, and the US. In the UK and Brazil studies, PD was associated with greater (worse) PWV. The Brazil study also reported that Black and Brown adults had greater odds of high PWV (>10 m/s) compared to the reference group and to those in the same racial/ethnic group without PD. For the US study, PD was significantly associated with PWV in non-Hispanic Black (NHB) females only.

Conclusion:
There was a trend of a positive association between PD and greater (worse) PWV. In the US, the positive association was evident only for NHB females, suggesting sex may impact the effect of PD on PWV. Future studies should focus on characterizing the effect of PD by sex and consider additional factors like intersectionality or coping mechanisms that may influence the association and predispose certain populations to added CVD risk.
Abstract P659: Cluster Analysis of County-Level Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in the United States
Authors: Xu Yanfang , Shen Ye , Huang Hui , Zhang Donglan
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
In the United States, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has been declining since 1980s. However, the decline in CVD mortality is not uniform across regions and may show different trajectories that are driven by place-based social determinants of health (SDOH) such as physical and built environment, social-cultural environment, and health care system. We conducted a cluster analysis of county-level CVD mortality and SDOH indicators from 2009 to 2018.

Hypothesis:
We test the hypothesis that CVD mortality in US counties show different trajectories that can be grouped by clusters, and within each cluster, there are different SDOH variables that predict CVD mortality.

Methods:
We linked the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's CVD mortality data with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's public database on SDOH using county identifiers. CVD mortality rate was calculated as the number of deaths per 100,000 people in each county. There were 179 SDOH variables included in the model, classified into five different domains: the biological, behavioral, built and physical environment, health care system, and sociocultural environment domain. We employed a linear mixed-effects model fitted with a doubly penalized likelihood to induce sparsity for parameter estimation and effect selection.

Results:
We identified three clusters among a total of 3,136 counties. Overall, 1,182 counties were identified as cluster 1 that showed a consistent decline of CVD mortality over the past decade. The most important driving factor of CVD mortality in cluster 1 was population distribution - the percentage of population aged 15-17 (coefficient=7.032). Secondly, 1,116 counties were identified as cluster 2 that showed a decline between 2009 and 2012, and then a steady increase in CVD mortality after 2012. Within cluster 2, the number of mild drought months was the most predictive factor of CVD mortality (coefficient= -1.065), and the percentage of adults reporting no leisure-time physical activity was the second important predictor (coefficient= 0.646). Finally, 838 counties were identified as cluster 3 that showed a flattening trend in CVD mortality. Within cluster 3, the total number of obstetrics and gynecology, generalist, and primary care hospital residents plays the most important role (coefficient = -25.537). Each cluster has unique pattern and distinctive associations between certain SDOH variables and CVD mortality.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, we identified three intrinsic clusters that showed distinguishing trajectories of CVD mortality during the past decade. The SDOH indicators most predictive of CVD mortality were different within each cluster. This study suggests that place based SDOH drive substantial differences in CVD outcomes across regions.
Abstract P668: Age at Menarche, Adulthood Body Mass Index and Risk of Subclinical Atherosclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Meena Devendra , Huang Jian , Dehghan Abbas , Tzoulaki Ioanna
Published: March 2023

Earlier age at menarche has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. It has been hypothesized that this association maybe mediated by higher body mass index which is in turn associated with earlier age at menarche. We performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to estimate the potential causal effect of age at menarche on carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT; a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis), and the potential role of body mass index (BMI).Instrumental variables (IVs; P<5e-8) for age at menarche and BMI were obtained from ReproGen consortium (n=370,000 European women) and Neale Lab (n=194,174 European women), respectively. Genetic associations of the identified IVs with cIMT were obtained from our GWAS on cIMT among female participants in UKB. We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis and weighted median, MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO (Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier), and MR-Lasso as sensitivity analyses. In addition, we used Steiger filtering to identify IVs that explain more variance in the exposure than the outcome.We found that an earlier age at menarche was associated with higher cIMT (β
IVW
=-0.01, P=0.002, 95%CI -0.016 to -0.004). After excluding invalid IVs identified using Steiger filtering and MR-PRESSO, this association was consistent using weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-Lasso sensitivity methods. Similarly, an earlier age at menarche was also associated with lower adulthood BMI (β
IVW
=-0.109, P=3.15E-20, 95%CI -0.132 to -0.085). In the multi-variable MR (MVMR), age at menarche was not associated with cIMT after adjusting for adulthood BMI, but adulthood BMI was positively associated with cIMT after adjusting for AAM (β
MVMR-IVW
=0.02, P=0.004, 95%CI 0.005 to 0.027) suggesting that the effect of AAM on cIMT is partially mediated by adulthood BMI (% of mediation=21.8%).Our study suggests an earlier age at menarche as a potential causal risk factor for subclinical atherosclerosis. We also highlight that the effect of age at menarche on cIMT is potentially mediated by higher adulthood BMI.
Abstract P674: Associations Between Visceral Adipose Tissue Area and Density With Renal Artery Calcification
Authors: Bajwa Harsimran , Allison Matthew A , Criqui Michael , Ac Lima Joao A , Ding Jingzhong , Abbasi Siddique A , Blankstein Ron , Thomas Isac C
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been associated with higher levels of atherosclerosis. Renal artery calcification (RAC) secondary to atherosclerosis has been found to be associated with hypertension and an increase in all-cause mortality.

Hypothesis:
There are significant associations between VAT area and density with the presence and extent of renal artery calcification.

Methods:
Within the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) abdominal aortic calcification ancillary study, 1,978 participants from five of the six field centers around the US underwent abdominal CT imaging to measure VAT and RAC. Standardized questionnaires were used to obtain demographic and health history data. Blood samples were assayed for lipid, glucose, creatinine, and adipokine levels. Rate ratio regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for the presence of RAC, while linear regression was used to estimate linear coefficients for the severity of RAC among participants with RAC > 0.

Results:
Of the 1,978 participants, 1,196 participants had complete visceral adiposity and renal artery measurements. After controlling for sociodemographic variables, CVD risk factors, adipokine levels, and VAT density, VAT area was not associated with RAC presence (PR 1.02, 95% CI 0.89, 1.16, p = 0.80), while greater VAT density was borderline protective for RAC presence (PR 0.89, 95% CI 0.78, 1.02, p = 0.10) when controlling for the same factors and VAT area. 354 participants had RAC > 0 and were included in linear regression analyses assessing RAC severity. After controlling for sociodemographic variables, CVD risk factors, adipokine levels, and VAT density, VAT area was significantly associated with RAC severity (slope 63.32, 95% CI 11.84, 114.81, p = 0.02), while VAT density was not associated with RAC severity (slope 9.78, 95% CI -40.87, 60.44, p = 0.71).

Conclusions:
In this relatively large, multi-ethnic cohort of adults from five communities in the US, we have demonstrated that higher density VAT may be protective for RAC presence, while greater VAT area is significantly associated with RAC severity. While this is the first study examining the relationship between VAT and RAC, our results are consistent with previous studies describing associations between increased VAT area and decreased VAT density with outcomes including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome.

Category:
Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease
Management of Stable Angina in the Older Adult Population
Authors: Nanna Michael G. , Wang Stephen Y. , Damluji Abdulla A.
Published: March 2023

As society ages, the number of older adults with stable ischemic heart disease continues to rise. Older adults exhibit the greatest morbidity and mortality from stable angina. Furthermore, they suffer a higher burden of comorbidity and adverse events from treatment than younger patients. Given that older adults were excluded or underrepresented in most randomized controlled trials of stable ischemic heart disease, evidence for management is limited and hinges on subgroup analyses of trials and observational studies. This review aims to elucidate the current definitions of aging, assess the overall burden and clinical presentations of stable ischemic heart disease in older patients, weigh the available evidence for guideline-recommended treatment options including medical therapy and revascularization, and propose a framework for synthesizing complex treatment decisions in older adults with stable angina. Due to evolving goals of care in older patients, it is paramount to readdress the patient’s priorities and preferences when deciding on treatment. Ultimately, the management of stable angina in older adults will need to be informed by dedicated studies in representative populations emphasizing patient-centered end points and person-centered decision-making.
Production of Asiatic Hybrid Lily ‘Beni no Mai’ with More than Two Flowers within One Year from Bulbils Influenced by Development Stage, Flower Bud Removal, and Temperature Manipulation
Authors: Yoo Yong Kweon , Roh Yong Seung , Roh Mark S.
Published: March 2023

Background and objective: The objective of this study was to produce Asiatic hybrid lily with more than two flowers in one year starting from bulbils. This study was to force 'Beni no Mai' bulbils influenced by harvesting date, flower bud removal, and temperature manipulation and to evaluate dormancy and maturity by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) and carbohydrates analysis.Methods: In experiment 1, bulbils were harvested at 0-30 days after anthesis (DAA), and were divided into 7 stages. And, soluble monosaccharides and monosaccharide constituents of bulbils were analyzed. In experiment 2, flower buds of plants that flowered on 21 April were not removed or removed on 1, 13, and 25 April. Bulbils harvested were divided into four groups and planted after cold treatment. In experiment 3, bulbils received a sequential temperature (SEQ CD) treatments for three weeks at 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5°C, 1 week at 10, 12.5, and 15°C, and 3 weeks at 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5°C. In experiment 4, bulbils were harvested 0-70 DAA, and were subjected to spin-spin lattice relaxation time by NMRI.Results: The bulbils harvested at 30 DAA produced two flowers within 282 days, and were better in growth. The bulbils harvested at 30 DAA showed higher concentration of soluble glucose and lower concentration of non-cellulosic neutral glucose. Growth of bulbils removed flower buds before flowering were better than those of bulbils that flower bud was removed at anthesis and 13 Apr. However, the number of flowers of bulbils harvested from plants removed flower buds on 1 Apr. were less than 2. The SEQ CD treatment of 7.5°C/3W-15°C/1W-5°C/3W in bulbils could produce the plants with 2.2 flowers within 300 days after planting. When bulbils were harvested at 0-28 DAA, yellow color corresponding to T2 relaxation time of 15-20 ms was dominant, and bulbils harvested at 56-70 DAA showed T2 relaxation time of 35-50 ms and 50-100 ms.Conclusion: Considering the results of soluble carbohydrate content and T2 relaxation time of bulbils, it was found that the bulbils had a shallower dormancy and were more mature at 30-42 DAA than before 28 DAA. Also, when these bulbils were planted after SEQ CD treatment at 7.5°C/3W-15°C/1W-5°C/3W, plants with two or more flowers could be produced within one year.
Radical Conservatism and the Liberal Question
Authors: Adler-Bartels Tobias
Published: March 2023

To understand conservatism as an isolated ideology is an almost hopeless endeavor; after all, conservative thinking is always embedded into specific ideological constellations. While the mirror-image effect identified by Michael Freeden generally emphasizes the conceptual intertwining of conservatism with other ideologies, the example of German conservatism highlights its structural dependence on liberalism, described here as the liberal question. The article focuses on the context of radical conservatism and sheds light on the radicalization of German conservative thought in the nineteenth century focusing on the thinkers Hermann Wagener (1815–1889) and Paul de Lagarde (1827–1891). Despite their different biographical and political starting points, both Wagener and Lagarde developed a radicalized conservatism that made the (intellectual) struggle against liberalism the supreme task of their metapolitical agenda. In the context of the so-called Conservative Revolution in the Weimar Republic, this radical thinking condensed into a distinct political movement. The historical reconstruction of this episode of radicalization of German conservatism thus also serves to provide a differentiated view of contemporary right-wing phenomena in general.
Corymorpha tropica, a new species of anthoathecate hydrozoan (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Southeast Asia
Authors: GALEA HORIA R.
Published: March 2023

A new species of corymorphid, Corymorpha tropica sp. nov., of common occurrence in Southeast Asia, is described. The account is based on both its hydroid and newly-released medusa. The caulus of the former is conspicuously divided into two distinct parts: a proximal, perisarc-covered, papillate, light brown to orange-colored portion, and a distal, naked, non-papillate, flesh to brick red-colored portion. The hydranth is equally variously-colored, and has either a distinctly-demarcated or a more diffuse red, circular band around its base. A whorl of long blastostyles, situated slightly above the aboral whorl of tentacles, give rise to isolated clusters of gonophores borne on short, lateral pedicels. The dispersive stage is a free-living medusa that is released without gonads from the parent hydroid. At this stage, its umbrella is bell-shaped, with a moderately developed, rounded, apical projection and scattered nematocysts on the exumbrella, and has three atentaculate, conical bulbs, as well as a main tentacle provided with a distal, large, globular nematocyst cluster and up to two intermediate knobs on its adaxial side, the position of the latter clusters being diagnostic.
Glyptothorax sardashtensis, a new species of torrent catfish from the upper Lesser Zab drainage in Iran (Teleostei: Sisoridae)
Authors: JOKAR MILAD , KAMANGAR BARZAN BAHRAMI , GHADERI EDRIS , FREYHOF JÖRG
Published: March 2023

Glyptothorax sardashtensis, new species, from the upper Lesser Zab in Iran, is distinguished from its congeners in the Persian Gulf basin by: a plain flank without black or brown blotches; a wide and round anterior margin of the medial pit in the thoracic adhesive apparatus; few, short median striae in the thoracic adhesive apparatus; three yellowish blotches arranged in a crescent-shaped arch on the nuchal plate in front of the dorsal-fin origin; no tubercles on the head and flank; and a short adipose fin. The new species is also distinguished by a minimum K2P sequence divergence of 2.16% in the mtDNA-COI barcode region from G. daemon and G. galaxias, its closest relatives. Glyptothorax kurdistanicus is re-discovered close to its type locality.
An update on the ant-mimicking genus Corinnomma Karsch, 1880 (Araneae, Corinnidae, Castianeirinae)
Authors: SANKARAN PRADEEP M.
Published: March 2023

The castianeirine species Corinnomma moerens Thorell, 1890, and C. plumosum (Thorell, 1881), both known only from textual descriptions, are redescribed and illustrated based on the type material. Type images for Corinnomma javanum Simon, 1905, C. severum (Thorell, 1887), and C. thorelli Simon, 1905 are presented to facilitate identification along with supplementary descriptions of the types, and the distribution of the species C. simplex Zhang, Jin & Zhang, 2022 is updated.
The first record of Neostempellina simantoneoa (Sasa, Suzuki et Sakai, 1998), comb. nov. for the Russian Far East, with a description of the preimaginal stages (Diptera, Chironomidae)
Authors: OREL OKSANA V.
Published: March 2023

Zavrelia simantoneoa (Sasa, Suzuki et Sakai, 1998) is moved to the genus Neostempellina Reiss as new combination. The pharate male of Neostempellina simantoneoa (Sasa, Suzuki et Sakai, 1998) is redescribed. The pupae and larvae collected in rivers of the southern part of Primorye Territory (Russian Far East) are described and illustrated for the first time.
Earthworm species in native and planted forests in Brazil
Authors: DEMETRIO WILIAN CARLO , DA FONSECA PRISCILA MOURO , DUDAS RAFAELA , ZAGATTO MAURICIO G.R. , FEIJOO ALEXANDER , BROWN GEORGE GARDNER
Published: March 2023

Over 150 species of earthworms are known from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, but many more are expected to live in this megadiverse biome. In the present study, we evaluated earthworm species occurrence and diversity in native and reforested areas in four National Forests in three Brazilian states: Três Barras National Forest (Santa Catarina), Irati and Piraí do Sul National Forests (Paraná) and Capão Bonito National Forest (São Paulo) using formalin and hand sorting methods. A total of 13 species were found, five exotic and eight natives (of which four were new, undescribed species), belonging to six genera and five families (Rhinodrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae, Benhamiidae, Megascolecidae). In general, higher number of earthworms were collected in Araucaria plantations, except in Capão Bonito where Pinus sp. plantations had higher abundance. Hand sorting also collected more species in all forests, so this should be the preferred sampling method to evaluate earthworm communities. Formalin extraction was efficient only for epi-endogeic earthworms, most of them exotic species. Exotic pine species plantations tend to reduce species richness and abundance, compared with native forests and Araucaria plantations, and substitution of native vegetation for pine plantations should consider potential negative effects on soil animal populations.
Earthworms in various agricultural and forest ecosystems in São Carlos—SP, Brazil
Authors: BRUZ LILIANNE DOS SANTOS MAIA , SANTOS ALESSANDRA , DEMETRIO WILIAN C. , DE FREITAS PRIMO DANIELE , FELICIANO LUANA PRISCILA , FERNANDES CARLOS HENRIQUE , BARTZ MARIE L. C. , DE CAMPO BERNARDI ALBERTO CARLOS , PEZZOPANE JOSÉ RICARDO MACEDO , BROWN GEORGE GARDNER
Published: March 2023

Integrated agricultural systems have been greatly expanding in Brazil and currently cover over 30 million hectares. Although these land use systems help soil and environmental quality, little is known of their impacts on earthworm communities. In the present study we evaluated earthworm abundance, biomass and species richness in various integrated and conventional agricultural production systems (pasture, crops), as well as native forest and Eucalyptus plantations. The research was carried out at Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Livestock Southeast) and at the neighboring campus of the University de São Carlos (UFSCar), in São Carlos municipality in São Paulo state, Brazil. Two earthworm sampling methods, i.e., quantitative (25 x 25 x 20 cm deep monoliths) and qualitative (holes of similar size and niche sampling), were used in three integrated production systems, three conventional systems and two forest systems, totaling 232 quantitative samples and over 160 qualitative samples. Earthworms were counted and identified using available keys. Eight earthworm species of five families (Rhinodrilidae, Ocnerodrilidae, Megascolecidae, Benhamiidae and Glossoscolecidae) were found, with most of the 2,145 individuals being exotic or peregrine species, particularly Pontoscolex corethrurus (88% of total) and various Dichogaster spp. (8% of total). Two native species were encountered in low abundance (55 individuals), both of which are new to science (Fimoscolex n.sp.7 and Glossoscolex n.sp.9) and must still be formally described. The new species were found in the agricultural systems, but not in the native forest and the Eucalyptus plantation, where P. corethrurus and Megascolecids predominated. One unidentified Ocnerodrilid sp. was found only in the intensive pasture. Species richness was highest in the intensive pasture (7 spp.), followed by the agrosilvopastoral and agropastoral systems, highlighting the importance of integrated and pastoral systems in preserving earthworm richness and native species.
Reconstruction of Past Antarctic Temperature Using Present Seasonal δ18O–Inversion Layer Temperature: Unified Slope Equations and Applications
Authors: Liu Z. , He C. , Yan M. , Buizert C. , Otto-Bliesner B. L. , Lu F. , Zeng C.
Published: March 2023

Reconstructing the history of polar temperature from ice core water isotope (δ18O) calibration has remained a challenge in paleoclimate research, because of our incomplete understanding of various temperature–δ18O relationships. This paper resolves this classical problem in a new framework called the unified slope equations (USE), which illustrates the general relations among spatial and temporal δ18O–surface temperature slopes. The USE is applied to the Antarctica temperature change during the last deglaciation in model simulations and observations. It is shown that the comparable Antarctica-mean spatial slope with deglacial temporal slope in δ18O–surface temperature reconstruction is caused, accidentally, by the compensation responses between the δ18O–inversion layer temperature relation and the inversion layer temperature itself. Furthermore, in light of the USE, we propose that the present seasonal slope of δ18O–inversion layer temperature is an optimal paleothermometer that is more accurate and robust than the spatial slope. This optimal slope suggests the possibility of reconstructing past Antarctic temperature changes using present and future instrumental observations.

Significance Statement

This paper develops a new framework called the unified slope equations (USE) to provide, for the first time, a general relation among various spatial and temporal water isotope–temperature slopes. The application of the USE to Antarctic deglacial temperature change shows that the optimal paleothermometer is the seasonal slope of the inversion layer temperature.
Righteous God Who Justifies: A Study on the Relationship between the Demonstration of God’s Righteousness and the Justification of Sinners in Rom 3:24–26
Authors: Kim Seo-Jun
Published: March 2023

This article discusses the meaning of the phrase δικαιοσύνη αὐτοῦ, which is repeated twice in Rom 3:24–26, and its tradition-historical background. Thus far, the topic of the demonstration of God’s righteousness has not been sufficiently illuminated compared to the theme of justification by faith. Additionally, previous attempts to understand δικαιοσύνη αὐτοῦ as retributive justice or in accordance with the concept of צדקה‎ have not only distorted the meaning of δικαιοσύνη but also they have failed to explain convincingly how δικαιοσύνη αὐτοῦ is related to διὰ τὴν πάρεσιν τῶν προγεγονότων ἁμαρτημάτων and δικαιοῦντα τὸν ἐκ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ. Based on the analysis of text structure and key words, this study argues that Paul’s thinking, which relates the issue of God’s righteousness to the justification of sinners, is based on the Exodus tradition and the book of Isaiah.
The role of forest extraction in the livelihood strategies of Indonesian smallholder cattle farmers
Authors: Nugroho Eko , Ihle Rico , Oosting Simon J , Heijman Wim
Published: March 2023

The understanding of the role of using forest resources in the livelihood strategies of smallholder farmers is limited. Rural household surveys often omit this aspect. From a survey of 600 Indonesian cattle farmers, we apply the sustainable livelihood framework to investigate the role extracting forest resources has in livelihood strategies and household income. We also quantify which farmers’ characteristics impact the decision to extract them. Forest extraction appears a core livelihood strategy of farmers who rely in some way on forests, which are on average poorer. Our findings suggest that forest extraction increases with increased income diversification. Farmers who specialize as feeders in the cattle supply chain engage significantly less in that. The promotion of sustainable forest resource usage schemes, such as agroforestry or silvopastoral systems that facilitate, and support cattle breeding would maintain the supply of youngstock for feeders and contribute to sustainable future use of forest resources.
‘Flip-flap’ hernia sac sandwich mesh hernioplasty for giant incisional hernia
Authors: Kothari Maulik , Somashekhar Uday , Kothari Reena , Thakur Dileep Singh , Agarwal Pawan , Sharma Dhananjaya
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The treatment of giant ventral hernia (GVH) with domain loss is a challenge for surgeons. This modified and simplified form of sandwich technique in a form of flip-flap repair was done to assess the outcomes of GVH repair by using the hernia sac taking into account the late complications in terms of recurrence, mesh explantation and early: SSO (surgical site occurrence). Material and method: A total of 21 patients of GVH were treated with flip-flap repair technique in the department of surgery in a teaching hospital in the central India between December 16 to June 21. In flip-flap technique the hernia sac is tailored in the best possible way, by making multiple layered flaps encasing the Polypropylene mesh in between, separating it from intraperitoneal contents and subcutaneous tissue. Results: In this prospective and interventional study, the collected data revealed the mean follow up period of 22.3 months (7months to 48months). Mean age was 44.2years (27-65 years). SSO was seen in 38% of cases mainly in the form of SSI. No explantation of mesh and recurrence was seen in any patient. Conclusion: The flip-flap repair technique is safe and effective surgical technique that can be used for the treatment of GVH regardless of the size, BMI or position of hernia.
Indeterminacies: Queer Tales of Love and Suffering
Authors: Ellawala Themal
Published: March 2023

This is a meditation on love and suffering, pleasure and pain. Despite common sense, public discourse and scholarship narrating these states as diametrically opposed, the lived experience of queer romantic love cannot be disarticulated from the social realities of loss and pain. Suturing love and suffering is the metaphysic of indeterminacy, with the unexpected and uncertain marking romantic encounters and ambitions with precarity and impermanence. Drawing from vignettes gained through an ethnography on queer erotics in Sri Lanka in 2016, I explore how queer love manifests and perishes in the most inexplicable fashion, against the backdrop of structural violence and the vagaries of intersubjective relationalities. A sensitivity to indeterminacy enables an excavation of the elsewheres that inhere to and are conjured by queer romantic love, from the entanglements that live outside of the binaries of heterosexual-homosexual to the utopic futural imaginaries that are made possible at this site. Meanwhile, the suffering engendered by indeterminacy gestures to the precarities of elsewhere, and the transient nature of queer futurity. I engage scholarship on social suffering and romantic love to demonstrate how both corpora of literature are united at the site of the Sri Lankan queer figure, and how centring indeterminacy troubles epistemic projects that seek to know love and the lover with certainty.
Estimate the City Size Threshold of Industrial Agglomeration Model: Evidence From Chinese Prefecture Level Cities
Authors: Xiong Yunjun , Zou Weiyong , Wang Yaopei
Published: March 2023

Based on the externality theory, this paper estimates the city size threshold of specialized agglomeration and diversified agglomeration. We find that when the urban population is below 1.25 million, specialized agglomeration is more advantageous for improving urban labor productivity. When the urban population exceeds 0.9 million, diversified agglomeration is more advantageous for improving urban labor productivity. Moreover, Specialized agglomeration of small and medium-sized cities is more likely to play the role of Marshall-Arrow-Romer externality within the spillover radius of regional central cities. One important policy suggestion is that for areas with small administrative regions and small population, it is better to increase the level of specialized agglomeration through industrial transfer, and for areas with large administrative regions and large population, it is better to increase the level of diversified agglomeration through industrial introduction, so as to further improve the urban economic efficiency.