bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Assessment of the Loss of Economic Benefits from Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity at the Stage of Design and Function of Coal Companies
Authors: Mekush G E , Elgina Y M
Published: June 2019

At present time ecosystem services are of big importance in improving the quality of human life as well as the sustainable development of the economy of the country or a particular region. However, ecosystem services, which have been «inexhaustible» earlier, now are losing their potential, what leads to the decreasing of their functioning. World practice shows the actuality of studying this issue, because the important problem in the most highly urbanized industrial regions, which include the Kemerovo Region, is the accounting of economic value of ecosystem services in the development of industrial areas. During the research we have used logical and statistical analysis methods to account the value of ecosystem services in the coal mining region. The article presents the results of the losses of value of ecosystem services at the design stage of coal companies. The research of the possibility of ecosystem services restoration in areas with high anthropogenic loading (in the context of the Kemerovo Region) has shown the impossibility of a full recovery. However, the recultivation can restore soil fertility processes and their further economic use. Today the active environmental management has the strong impact on the environment and this leads to the using of the resource-saving type of output.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Thermal and Baric Subsurface Conditions in the Northern Part of the West Siberian Plate
Authors: Gorbunov P
Published: June 2019

Reservoir pressures and temperatures are the most important parameters that characterize the energy state of reservoir systems. They determine the amount of hydrocarbons that are contained in the bowels of the earth, as well as the operating modes of the deposits. The values of reservoir pressures and temperatures have a direct impact on the safety of drilling wells. It is known that within the interior of the northern part of Western Siberia there is one of the most harsh thermobaric regimes. The researchers recorded numerous manifestations of abnormally high reservoir pressures and high reservoir temperatures. In this article, the author sets the task of detailing the regularities of changes in reservoir temperatures and pressures in the interior of the study area. The second task is to find the relationship between these parameters and explain its nature. The results of the research should be aimed at improving the safety of exploratory drilling, and can also be used in oil and gas exploration.
Lemna Minor Cultivation for Biofuel Production
Authors: Kuznetsova T , Politaeva N , Smyatskaya Yu , Ivanova A
Published: June 2019

In this paper we consider usage of duckweed for national economy: for lifestock feed, for bioethanol and biogas production, in medicine and for phytoremediation. Cultivation of duckweed Lemna minor in conditions of St.Petersburg was carried out in order to obtain biomass. Two cultivation variants were studied: in a natural reservoir and in an artificial reservoir during a period from May to July 2017. The following cultivation conditions were determined: lighting, temperature. The population growth intensity was estimated. The most favourable conditions appeared to be at natural pond in Petergof. Daylight features, lightning intensity of the Leningrad Oblast’ are less favourable than that for south Russian regions, so biomass production rate is drastically lower. The obtained L. minor biomass was dried out under the infrared lamp up to constant weight. The obtained dry biomass was used to produce lipids extracts by Sohxlet technique. Lipids output was 4% of dry biomass for duckweed grown in natural pond and 6% for duckweed grown in artificial pond. Most likely it is driven by stress factor of duckweed growth, which is limited by insufficient solar illumination. The lipid output of duckweed is not high, but we are planning to choose optimum cultivation conditions for duckweeds, which will result in increased lipids output.
Research into Factors Influencing Traffic and Freight Capability of the International Transport Corridors in the Far East
Authors: Balenko V V , Kalikina T N , Serova D S
Published: June 2019

This paper distinguishes major factors that restrain the growth of volumes of export freight turnover and considerably impede they work of transport corridors. The authors suggest measures aimed at decreasing the necessary train traffic capability and increase in freight capability at the expense of the incremental growth of train mass.
Determining Coalbed Methane Content Structure
Authors: Kiryaeva T A , Oparin V N , Yatsenko D A
Published: June 2019

The study provides experimental evidence of scientific ideas that are important for developing the phenomenological basis of the theory of phase transformations in the ‘coal – methane’ system accompanying the formation of gas-dynamic processes in coal beds when their initial stress-strain state and temperature background are disturbed during mining. Residual gas content of coal was determined versus the time after its recovery from coal beds and the weighted mean particle size; the effect of the pore structure of natural coals on the gas-dynamic activity of coal beds was estimated. It was shown that the major part of volatile compounds (mostly methane) is dissolved in the bulk of carbon layers.
Fire Safety of 1, 2 and 2l Refrigerants: Myths and Reality
Authors: Kopylov S N , Kopylov P S , Eltyshev I P
Published: June 2019

For many years fire safety measures for refrigerants were based on experimental data on their burning velocity and flammability limits in air. The analysis conducted in the paper and obtained experimental results show that knowledge of the flammability limits and the burning velocities is not enough to ensure the fire safety of the refrigerant. “Low flammable” substances may form explosive mixtures with air in wide range of conditions (initial concentration, pressure, temperature, ignition source (open hydrocarbon flame, hot surface)), even being a part of non-combustible mixture. One of the most underestimated things is an influence of open hydrocarbon flame as ignition source for halogenated substances not just from Class 2L (low flammable), but also from Class 1 (non-flammable). Mixtures of Class 1, 2L and 2 (lower flammable) refrigerants with lubricant oil should be also tested more carefully for their fire and explosion safety. In some cases the danger of “low flammable” substances may be underestimated due to the mismatch between test conditions and real conditions of use. It is also important that due to peculiarities of the process of mixing “low flammable” partially halogenated substances may form explosive mixtures with air at any mass of partially halogenated substance – the influence of mass factor must be also estimated more carefully.
Comparative Analysis: Innovative Performance of Accommodation Facilities in Primorye as a Basis of a New Infrastructural Model of Rapid Sectorial Development in the Russian Federation
Authors: Pavlenko I G , Rudenko L L , Valantsevich A F
Published: June 2019

The research is focused on the analysis of innovation activity of accommodation facilities in Primorsky Krai and elaborating recommendations for its enhancement based on strategic partnership and business. The study evolves around hotel facilities carrying out innovation activity. Primorsky Krai is characterized by low level of global innovations in general; yet the hotel segment is undergoing a certain kind of innovative transformation (changes or improvements in product, service, process, etc.). The innovation was evaluated according to the applied classification of changes (in service offers, concepts, technology and business processes). Such evaluation of hotel facilities innovation is based on four major criteria: openness for innovation, innovation management, resource availability and innovation efficiency (both social and economic).The carried out analysis showed that third parties involved in the processes contribute to the innovation activity of the hotel facilities. Additionally, it has been found that innovation activity of hotel facilities in the city of Vladivostok comes up to a satisfactory standard of 55%, which has to be further improved.
Advanced Topics in Assessment of the Atmospheric Air Chemical Pollution And its Impact on the Population Health in the City of Kazan
Authors: Stepanova N V , Fomina S F
Published: June 2019

The assessment of non-carcinogenic risk for the population health from chemicals coming with exhaust gases of motor transport citywide and in certain districts of the city of Kazan was performed. The calculation was carried out according to the results of the laboratory and instrumental tests carried out by FBHI “Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan” for the period from 2010 to 2016. Suspended solids (to 28.0%), carbon (soot) (to 24,6%), and nitrogen dioxide (to 19,2%) contribute most to the value of total risk for the population health in the districts. Organs of the respiratory system (HI=11,93; 13,06 and 10,51) are highly vulnerable to the risk of developing unfavorable non-carcinogenic toxic effects on chronical exposure to chemicals coming from atmospheric air in the city and districts due to exposure to TSP, PM2,5 and PM 10 total fracture (from 42,5 to 62,0%). The expected number of additional cases of total mortality associated with chronical exposure to TSP made 1244 cases per year among the whole city population without taking into account the external causes. A monitoring system available in large cities, undercount of the atmospheric air pollutants prevents from correct assessment of the potential risk and actual damage for the population health.
Underground Storage of Natural Gas in Hydrate State: Numerical Experiment
Authors: Bondarev E A , Rozhin I I , Argunova K K
Published: June 2019

The paper is devoted to simulation of the initial stage of natural gas hydrate underground storage: gas injection into aquifer just below permafrost rocks. It is based on the mathematical model of multiphase non-isothermal real gas and water flow in porous media. The model takes into account the transformation of gas and water into hydrate at certain temperature which depends on gas flow pressure. The dynamics of hydrate and water saturation as well as the pressure and temperature fields in a reservoir with given porosity, permeability and initial values of pressure, temperature and water saturation have been studied. An implicit finite-difference scheme is used to approximate the original boundary-value problem. The finite-difference equations have been solved using simple iteration and sweeping algorithms. Several examples of calculations corresponding to real cases are given. Calculations have revealed that the final result strongly depends on the combination of porosity and permeability of a reservoir.
Development of Drilling and Casing Technologies for Permafrost Areas
Authors: Atlasov R , Nikolaeva M , Karamzin V
Published: June 2019

During the well drilling operations in permafrost there are a number of specific complications that often lead to serious accidents: soil bulging, destruction of wellheads, collapses of wells walls, breakage and crushing of casing columns due to inefficient cementing in the frozen soil, griffins, etc.

The above-mentioned complications are predetermined by incorrect drilling and fastening of wells. The article gives the main recommendations that contribute to the successful wells completion in permafrost:

1. Construction of wells without descending shaft and elongated directions;

2. Drilling on low-temperature drilling fluids;

3. Drilling in the summer period by drilling bit of smaller size with the subsequent reaming to the required diameter;

4. Achieving the maximum commercial speeds.
Discovering and Assessing the Ecological Risks in the Crimea
Authors: Smirnov V O , Kozlova A T
Published: June 2019

This paper gives assessment to the ecological threats and risks in the Crimea. Ecological risks of natural, anthropogenic and social character are investigated in practice and mapped. The Crimea is distinguished by its regional features and it stipulates the peculiarities of ecological risks within the territory. The diversity of landscapes, the contrast of natural conditions and their spatial-temporal variability are the reasons of many dangerous natural and technogenic processes on the territory of the peninsula. The risks are classified according to different principles. There are several types of risks according to the type of environment: natural, technogenic and social. The risks and hazards have been studied and assessed in practice in the Crimea. The natural and anthropogenic risks have been considered and mapped. Key words: natural ecological risks, anthropogenic risks, social ecological risks, Crimea, assessing, mapping.
Reuse of Construction Materials after Demolition of Buildings
Authors: Nasonova T V , Zolotukhin S N , Potekhin I A
Published: June 2019

In Russia each year appears 15 million tons of building scrap. According to statistic agency data, there were 10% of this measure is reused, almost for backfill pits and some for use as material filler. At Voronezh state technical university in the chair of Building structures and basements, realized experience of construction new low-rise houses made from reused building materials (scrap), which came from demolition places by lean dismantle. From the 2011 year till today by this technology have constructed not less 5 days each year in Voronezh region. The purpose of this research work is an evaluation of the growth the volume of reuse building scrap in Voronezh region. The main task is elimination obstacles of the growth potential of using this dismantle technology with following construction low-rise houses made from reused materials.
Features of Fastening Very Unstable Rocks with Combined Support on the Basis of SZA and Shotcrete
Authors: Kalmykov V N , Neugomonov S S , Volkov P V
Published: June 2019

The results of industrial tests of a reinforced combined support based on self-fastening anchors are presented. The approved versions of reinforced combined supports that ensure the stability of contours of mine workings in difficult mining and geological conditions of the mine “Orlovskaya” LLP “Vostoktsvetmet”.
Paragenesis of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Sediments in the Priverhoyansky and Indigiro-Zyryansky Basins
Authors: Sivtsev A I , Zueva I N , Chalaya O N
Published: June 2019

The results of comparison geological-geochemical study of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous sediments of the Preverkhoyansky and Indigiro-Zyryansky basins are considered from the positions of uniform sedimentary basin evolution. Based on lithologic-petrographic data the differences were established in the catagenetic transformations degree of the organic matter (OM) of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous deposits from MC3 within the Preverkhoyansky basin and up to MC5 - in the Indigiro-Zyryansky. The distinctions are due, mainly, by a post-collision stage of development of the territory of the Indigiro-Zyryansky basin. The geochemical characteristic of organic matter is given. The identity of composition and distribution of hydrocarbons-biomarkers indicates a common source of the initial OM formed in the conditions of continental facies in the Preverkhoyansky basin. Contrary, OM accumulation of the Upper Jurassic deposits of the western part of the Indigiro-Zyryansky basin occurred in sea and lagoon facies. OM enriched by sapropel material that indicated more oil generation potential of rocks. Based on analysis of the received results the map of prospects of oil-and-gas bearing with allocation of sites for conducting prime exploration works on oil and gas is constructed for the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Preverkhoyansky and Indigiro-Zyryansky basins.
Ecological Assessment of Formation of Solid Man-Made Wastes of Mining Production
Authors: Oreshkin D V , Proshljakov A N
Published: June 2019

The article deals with environmental problems of formation of fine white marble wastes on the territory of Koelga deposit and total mining complex. The inventory analysis of marble wastes was carried out. The calculations to determine the amount of fine marble waste accumulated from the beginning of development of the deposit were included in the inventory analysis of waste. It also includes researches on the mineral, material, grain-size, element compositions of these wastes. The microstructure and x-rayphase analyses of these wastes present in this article. On the basis of the inventory analysis the ecological assessment of fine marble wastes and their impact on the ecology of the territory of complex was carried out and justified theoretically. The article outlines and scientifically substantiates the ways of large-scale utilization in the production of ceramic bricks. The authors believe that recycling of man-made wastes is required and is associated with the depletion of mineral resources available in the bowels of the Earth. The authors also note fast growth of volume of man-made waste and growth of abandoned territories under dumps, as well as a negative impact on the environment.
Defining Parameters of Thermal Exposure Equipment for Buckets of Mine Excavators
Authors: Zenkov S A
Published: June 2019

The paper enlists experimental materials of research on effect of thermal exposure on mined rock exploiting by mine excavators. When extracting thawed mine rock under subzero air temperature, intensive freezing of cohesive ground to contacting bucket surfaces, pickup apparatus elements, conveyor belts, treating facilities and links takes place. Freezing intensity depends on humidity, grain size composition, physical properties and temperature of mined rock. Material properties of working bodies which contact mined ground also have significant impact on adhesion of freezing of mined rock. Clay rocks are the most prone to freezing on. Experimental research was carried on thermal exposure on adhesion of cohesive overburden rocks to mine excavator buckets under subzero temperatures. Two elastic heating units, ENGL-1 (ЭНГЛ-1) and ENGLU-400 (ЭНГЛУ-400) were considered as possible options for using directly on excavator bucket. As a result of aforementioned experiments shearing force between ground and surface of thermally exposed working body simulator device was calculated for each of the heating units. The experiments proved that shearing force with thermal exposure decreases sevenfold for ENGL-1 heating element and eightfold – for ENGLU-400 heating element (compared to shearing force without any exposure), which can improve performance of mechanization of stripping operations when overburden rocks exploiting. Results of experimental research are presented and optimal equipment parameters are defined. An engineering solution for excavator bucket with integrated heating unit is proposed.
Typical Signs and Properties of Agricultural-Podzolic Soils of Northern Forest-Steppe
Authors: Gaffarova L G
Published: June 2019

Based on the results of soil and agrochemical surveys, the state of soil fertility of agro-podzolic soils of the northern forest-steppe under conditions of intensive farming has been studied. The generalization of the soil properties of individual indicators in an amount of 44-148 values characterizing the given territory was carried out by methods of mathematical statistics. The features of the analyzed soils are discussed by dividing into two groups - fundamental and stable. The first group includes a combination of genetic horizons of the soil profile. This group also included the content of clay fraction and physical clay, the pH of the salt extract. The group of stable soil properties includes the humus content, the sum of absorbed bases and hydrolytic acidity. The results of typical soil characteristics and properties, depending on the duration and intensity of the impact of agricultural processing, their indicators are a criterion for assessing and optimizing soil conditions for crops. In this case, the actual data processed by the statistical method is more informative than the specific measurements.
Sediments as Indicators of Petrochemical Industrial Effluents
Authors: Stepanova N Yu , Latypova V Z , Nikitin O V , Novikova L V , Shakirova F M
Published: June 2019

Sediments of the Kama River in area of effluents of the petrochemical industries were investigated. Analysis of whole-sediment samples were included grain size, metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and total petroleum hydrocarbons. The results of the study demonstrated that the content of Al, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb was growing in sediments with different sorption capacity: sand<silty sand<silt. The trend of increase of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn along the current of the Kama River was noted. The coefficient of enrichment showed that metals content in sediments is connected with natural processes of washing away of minerals. There were no standards exceeding neither sum PAH no separate components. Naphthalene (0.5-183.5 μg/kg) and acenaphthene (<0.5-33.3 μg/kg) made the main contribution to mass PAH content, content of chrysene in the area of petrochemical industries effluents was in range 8.4-44.7 μg/kg much more in comparison with other stations. Based on the ratio of marker PAH, most of samples are characterized by mixed type of PAH coming to the water course: from the oil production activity and fuel burning.
Assessment of Water Resources Using and Protection Main Parameters in Ural Federal District
Authors: Sapega V A , Petukhova V S
Published: June 2019

The article contains an analysis of fresh water use in the Ural federal district for 2012-2015 years and waste waters characteristics. The materialsused forthe study included the data on the protection of the environment in Ural Federal district. The carried out analysis has shown that due to the water objects, the largest amount of fresh water is taken in Khanty-Mansisk autonomous district and Sverdlovsk region; the largest amount of used fresh water is in Khanty-Mansisk and Yamalo-Nenets autonomous districts (2022 and 389 mln. m3), and also in Tyumen region (221 mln. m3). In general, in the Ural federal district during 2012-2015 the largest amount of fresh waters is used for the industrial needs (in total - 48.3% of the used water). And among the autonomous districts and regions, Khanty-Mansisk AD and Sverdlovsk region dominate by this index. Maximal volume of the waste waters is noted in Sverdlovsk region (952 mln. m3). In the time course, significant decrease of their volume was revealed only in Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions.Sverdlovskand Chelyabinsk regions are characterized by the largest volume of the waste waters, requiring treatment on the average for 2012-2015 years (79.4% and 88.9% of waste watersvolume -in total). In general in the Ural federal district in 2012-2015 the volume of circulating and reused water supply systems made up 30472 mln m3. In the time course this volume has decreased in the Ural federal district, and also in the regions
Processing of Tungsten-Containing Tool Using Electrolytic Method
Authors: Kurkchi E U , Abkhairova S V , Yagyaev E E
Published: June 2019

The regeneration processes of tungsten-cobalt alloy are studied. The electrochemical behaviour of tungsten and cobalt in tungsten-cobalt alloys in neutral salt solutions is investigated. The advantages of an electrochemical method for processing secondary raw materials by anodic dissolution are shown. It is established that tungsten and cobalt, entering the electrolyte, form insoluble oxides and hydroxides of impurity metals, which, due to poor solubility, quantitatively pass into the sludge. The technological regime of leaching of the oxide precipitate obtained by electrochemical oxidation of the alloy was determined: temperature is 90-95 °C; duration time is 2 hours; the concentration of nitric acid is 300-500 g / l; solid–liquid ratio is 1: 5. The advantage of this environmentally friendly method is the comparative simplicity of the process flow scheme, low capital and energy costs. The data obtained in these studies can be used for balance tests in large-scale laboratory, semi-experimental and experimental-industrial levels.
New Construction Solutions for Geoenvironment Protection of Transport Infrastructure
Authors: Sakharova A S , Petriaev A V , Kozlov I S
Published: June 2019

Heavy metals are one of the most dangerous types of pollution for human, animal and plant life. The problem of pollution of geoenvironment by heavy metals during the operation of the railways is considered. To solve this problem the authors propose a new construction and technological solutions that can minimize geoenvironment pollution of transport infrastructure. These solutions are based on the use of mineral geoantidotes. Mineral geoantidotes are substances that have detoxification properties in relation to heavy metal ions. Qualitative chemical and potentiometric analyzes were used to study mineral geoantidotes. Schemes of technological operations for the creation of geoecoprotective constructions and objects are presented. New construction solutions will protect the geoenvironment from heavy metals contamination by combining geoenvironmental technology with the railway track repair or reconstruction.
The Evaluation of Natural Risks of Floods in the Delta of the River Selenga and Engineering Protection Against Flooding
Authors: Borisova T A
Published: June 2019

The article contains the results of studies of integrated analysis and integrated risk assessment due to flooding for the mouth of the river. Selenga and the development of recommendations for the implementation of measures for engineering protection of the population and economic facilities. In the dynamics since 1931 the hydrological situation of the maximum monthly and multi-year levels and water discharge has been considered, the analysis of genesis, features of formation and mechanism of flooding is given. Scales of possible flooding, underflooding and a list of economic objects within the territory under consideration are presented based on the simulation of flooding zones at estimated water levels of a given probability of exceeding. Estimates of damages from flood floods of 1% of supply are shown. Proposed measures to protect the territories with an assessment of their feasibility and cost-effectiveness.
Stationary Sampler for Mixed Probe Sampling from Mobile Tank
Authors: Lyudvinitskaya A , Ayupov A , Artemeva E
Published: June 2019

Oil pipeline section repair requires its emptying from any products. It is possible to pump out oil using different methods. After truck with vacuum pump is used it is needed to take sample from truck tank. We suggest using of stationary sampler in order to simplify operation and to reduce operational time and negative effects of oil vapors on maintenance personnel and in order to get mixed sample. Previous works about liquid flow with continuous change of flow value along the distance were studied. Storage tank sampler with perforated tube and valve was taken as prototype. We represented sampler with five orifices, all of them on same vertical axis. In paper equations system for sampler design calculations are shown with device set up scheme. Technical-economical calculation result shown in this paper. This device is possible to use in others fields of oil industry after modernization.
Hygienic Evaluation of the Quality of Drinking Water and Risks for Health of the Population
Authors: Valeeva E R , Ismagilova G A , Stepanova N V
Published: June 2019

According to WHO, approaches based on the assessment of health risks are promising and should be used to justify management decisions to ensure the safety of drinking water. A review of publications on risk assessment in Russia showed that the main part of the methodological issues is related to the uncertainties in the evaluation of exposure, the lack of regional, national and age differences in exposure factors and sensitivity to carcinogens. In the Republic of Tatarstan, research was conducted for the first time on the regional factors of the exposure of drinking water consumption for adolescents aged 15-17 and adults (18-21) years in Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan. We studied the content of 19 priority chemical pollutants, including three carcinogens, in the drinking water of Kazan for 2010-2016. The HI value for oral intake of chemicals with drinking water indicates a health hazard for the adolescent population living in zones 2 and 4 (HIm = 9.8 and 8.8, HI 95percent = 8.1 and 7.6), and adults (HIm = 7.4 and 7.8, HI 95percent = 6.8 and 6.5). The priority pollutants of drinking water in all zones that determine the main contribution (71.6% - 87.6%) are petroleum products (29.7% - 54.0%), chloroform, nitrates, magnesium, as a total amount of non-carcinogenic risk of adolescent and adult population and fluorides.
Formation Characteristics of the Zonal Structure of Acoustic Fields in the Deep Part of the Sea of Japan
Authors: Kiryanov A V , Salnikov B A , Salnikova E N
Published: June 2019

The results of modeling the effects of stochastic levels of sound speed on formation of the zonal structure of acoustic fields for the hydrologic and acoustic environment of the deep part of the Sea of Japan. Numerical experiment involved calculation of the vertical structure of acoustic fields at the ranges from 20 to 120 km with discontinuity equal to 50 m in beam zooming for the set values of random component of sound speed field. In accordance with calculation, analytical correlations of changing coordinates of the closest and the furthest borderlines of the first three convergence zones at emitter depth depending on the level of random component of sound speed field were determined. Changes in borderlines of convergence zones occur in accordance with linear law; this said, the closest borderlines shift towards the emitter and the furthest borderlines – away from it. The obtained results of analyzing changes in structure of vertical distribution of acoustic field at the borderlines of convergence zones can be applied for engineering the systems of underwater monitoring for detection of local disruptions of acoustic velocity field of various nature against natural stochastic parameters of water environment in the deep part of the Sea of Japan.
Ways of Drilling Wastes Utilization Using Ecologically Safe Materials
Authors: Gaevaya E V , Tarasova S S , Zaharova E V
Published: June 2019

Handling of the industrial waste, including drilling waste is still one of the leading fields in the ecology area. The article considers utilization way of the bore mud consisting in application of safe components allowing getting of the ground suitable for the reclamation of disturbed lands. There was revealed that the content of physical clay (d < 0,01 mm) in the control sample (bore mud) is 6,58%, when applying the mixture of components in the bore mud. The decrease of physical clay is observed in the ground of A type (2 times) and B and C types (3 times). In the same time, in the grounds of all types, hydrophysical properties improve and gelation takes place. Composition of the studied total forms of heavy metals was on the level of maximum allowable concentrations for loam. Manganese concentration in the control sample was in the range from 69 to 93 mg/kg. Water extract from the grounds of all types has very strong influence on the test objects (Daphnia magna Straus), class of hazard for the environment is IV.
Mud Pit Liquidation and Reclamation Technology on the Licensed Plots of Oil Producing Companies
Authors: Gaevaya E V , Tarasova S S , Zakharova E V
Published: June 2019

Economic activity connected with the mastering of oil deposits has man-induced impact on the condition of environment. During the well drilling using materials and chemical reagents (drilling agents) with different degree of danger for the environment (III-IV class of hazard), drilling cuttings are lifted to the day surface (the bore mud, used drilling mud, drilling waste waters) with their following placement in the mud pits (temporary storage tanks, slurry reservoirs). Man-induced impact from the use of mud pits is expressed in the pollution of the atmosphere by the pollutants from the mud pit surface, pollution of the top-soil, surface and ground waters and negative influence on the animal and plant world of the territory. Mud pits liquidation and recultivation technology will allow decreasing of the man-induced influence on the environment.
Development of Commercial Electric Vehicles Platforms Adapted for the Use of Self-Driving Systems
Authors: Zeziulin D V , Tyugin D Yu , Tumasov A V , Dorofeev R A , Fadeev E A
Published: June 2019

One way to improve commercial vehicle safety and environmental protection is the application of modern technology, using electricity as a main power source. Electric vehicles have undeniable environmental advantages over cars with internal combustion engines. Scientific team of the NNSTU, with the support of engineers from the Joint GAZ Group Engineering Center and specialists from PJSC “GAZ”, is developing a line-up of electrical platforms for commercial vehicles with autonomous power sources. The article presents an analytical review of existing prototypes of electrical platforms. The authors performed an assessment of the possibilities of usage an auxiliary power plant based on fuel cells (including the membrane type) as part of the electrical platforms. In addition, the work touches upon the problem of using traditional energy sources for electric platforms - traction batteries, because the consumer appeal of electrical platforms largely depends on the batteries. The authors propose the configuration of the chassis for the platforms. The configuration provides wide opportunities for the integration of automated and unmanned traffic control systems in commercial vehicles. The article presents a prototype of the electric platform, equipped with the developed systems of automated traffic control. In conclusion, the results of experimental studies, based on the running tests, are given.
The Ecological State of the Soil Continuum of Urbanized Territories
Authors: Oznobihina A O , Gayevaya E V
Published: June 2019

The intense urbanization process has conditioned a significant number of ecological problems connected with a rapid deterioration of the quality of urban environment. All that calls for indication and an unbiased assessment of its current state. The distribution of heavy metals in the town’s soils was in the following descending order: lead > zinc > nickel > copper > cadmium > mercury > arsenic. Largest values of contaminating substances were determined in the territories adjacent to motorways. The maximum value of oil products content in soils of the researched areas was determined on a motorway section and was 280.9 mg/kg which corresponds to an “acceptable” level. Researched soils had no express acute toxicity which is indicative of acceptable ecotoxicological state of the town’s soils.
Mechanical Activation of Hydrocarbon Motor Fuels
Authors: Vorobyov Yu , Mishchenko S , Zavrazhin D
Published: June 2019

Solving the problems of energy saving and reducing the load on the environment during the operation of internal combustion engines develops in different directions. One of the ways to reduce fuel consumption and reduce the amount of harmful emissions can be the use of an activator of liquid hydrocarbon fuel. Activator of motor hydrocarbon fuel (gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation kerosene, fuel oil) carries out processing of fuel, changing its composition and performance properties and is a highly efficient mechanical device. As a result of the action of the activator, the composition and properties of the hydrocarbon fuel change, the content of heavy fractions decreases, lighter and branched molecules appear, the sulfur and tar content decrease, and fuel consumption decreases. The decrease in the content of harmful emissions of CO, CH, CO2 in exhaust gases was experimentally established. Activated (structured) motor fuel, in addition to these advantages, increases the life of the engine by improving the organization of the working process in the engine cylinders, provides easier start-up at low temperatures and approaches the requirements of the Euro-5 certificate, regardless of the initial quality. This development provides solution of actual problems of energy saving and reduction of environmental pollution during operation of internal combustion engines.
Assessment of the Impact of Oil and Heavy Metal Pollution in the Azov Sea on the Condition of the Neogobius Melanostomus (Pallas, 1814)
Authors: Mazygula E , Kharlamova M , Skuratovskaya E
Published: June 2019

This article presents the results of long-term monitoring of the oil pollution in the Azov Sea. Areas with long-term chronic pollution (Arabat and Kazantip bays) are identified. The Azov sea transport routes and the location of natural gas fields can be the reason of the oil pollution. In addition to chronic oil pollution, this area is contaminated with heavy metals in particular in bottom sediments. The biological indicator was chosen for a more accurate analysis - the condition of the bottom-dwelling fish Round goby (Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814). Comparison of the size-mass characteristics, biochemical indicators and morphophysiological parameters of Neogobius melanostomus in different years has shown a decrease in the quality of habitat conditions. This decrease may occur due to contamination of the territory with oil products and heavy metals.
The Task of Definition of Nonconformity of the Emergency Response plan Level for the Emergency Level
Authors: Kulakov P A , Bogdanova D D , Afanasenko V G
Published: June 2019

An analysis of accidents at oil and gas processing facilities was carried out. It is shown that one of the main organizational reasons for emergencies is a poor-quality control over compliance with the industrial safety requirements. An assessment of the accident level compliance at the level of operating personnel and emergency formations was carried out. To improve the effectiveness of personnel, a mathematical method is proposed for processing the actions under the emergency response assistance plan and their automatic categorization at levels “A” and “B”. The mathematical model of the emergency response assistance plan categorization was obtained by evaluating the informativeness of the parameters using the Kullback’s measure. The developed model of an automatic categorization made it possible to identify a situation in which the actions of the personnel were at one level, and the emergency response assistance plan was of a lower level. Conclusions are drawn on the need to review the level of the emergency response assistance plan. To verify the efficiency of the model, a calculation for an additional group of emergency response assistance plans was carried out. Conclusions are drawn about the application possibility of this model in determining the level of an emergency situation.
Porous Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resins (RFR) as Sorbents for Radiocesium Removal
Authors: Egorin A M , Tutov M V , Sokolnitskaia T A
Published: June 2019

Porous resorcinol-formaldehyde resins were fabricated by leaching an inorganic filler introduced earlier into the polymer and by polymerization of the emulsion dispersed medium. The sorption properties of the fabricated materials with respect to the micro-quantities of 137Cs were investigated under dynamic conditions at high feeding rates of a model highly mineralized alkaline solution. It has been shown that the fabricated ion exchangers are characterized with high decontamination factors in comparison with the initial nonporous resin.
Geoinformation Analysis of Investment Land Attraction of City
Authors: Mamonov K , Radzinska Y , Shterndok E
Published: June 2019

In this work, a sequence of application of geoinformation systems was developed for the assessment and analysis of integrated indicators of potential investment land attractiveness of cities taking into account changes in normative monetary valuation of settlements. It is shown that the use of GIS allows to visualize geospatial data and ensure communication of the obtained indicators with the input information. The potential investment land attractiveness of regional centers and identified cities whose land needs to increase investment attractiveness has been analyzed. A GIS-map was constructed based on indicators of potential investment land attractiveness of cities taking into account changes in the normative monetary valuation of settlements, which provides the basis for its monitoring.
Methods for Increasing the Fatigue Life of Repaired Welded Joints of Offshore Oil and Gas Facilities
Authors: Starokon I V , Golovachev A O , Nadyrov R I
Published: June 2019

As a result of the investigation of the resource of the repaired welded joints it was found that it is much lower than that of the new joint and in some cases may not correspond to the required extension period. In connection with this, the authors proposed the use of reinforcing tee structures and justified the parameters.
The Module for Inside Fire Fighting in Remote Areas
Authors: Kukhar I , Orlovskiy S , Martynovskaia S
Published: June 2019

Analysis of existing designs showed that for the basing of the module on vehicles it is possible only with the use of load-lifting equipment with a load capacity of 5-6 tons, which is not always possible to realize in remote areas. The design of the module for extinguishing residential and industrial premises in remote settlements, as well as for their protection against forest fires, is proposed in the form of a draft design. The modules can also be used as a reserve of fire fighting equipment in district centers, as well as in specialized forest divisions of the GUIN system. The fireman module is designed for installation on trucks with a platform having openable sides, a load capacity of 4 or 6 tons without changing their design and without the use of load lifting mechanisms. The module has indicators of technical characteristics similar to those used in fire protection for road tankers, but significantly less. Its use does not require the purchase and maintenance of a fire truck with a driver, the construction of a fire station, the cost of operation is minimal.
The Price of Oil as a Pricing Factor of the Residential Real Es-tate at the Regional Market
Authors: Yarushkina N A , Matyugina E G , Vaganova E V
Published: June 2019

The article is to study the influence of oil price variation on the parameters of the residential real estate market, which is a significant factor of the development of the country’s living standards. The analysis of oil price variation as one of the key figures determining price variation of goods and services in Russia, covers the period of the 2008 crisis and the postcrisis period of 2011-2017 (on a quarterly basis). The price variation of living space per square meter in the primary and secondary housing markets in remote federal districts (Central, Siberian, Far Eastern) has been analyzed. That allowed to identify the specifics of the process investigated in far-flung territories with significantly different indicators of economic development. As an assessment tool of the impact of structural changes in the Russian economy on price variation a statistical Chow-test, showing the presence of structural instability during the crisis, has been used. Based on the data, modeling of the interconnection between the oil price variation and a housing square meter price variation has been carried out in the period of 20112017. The official data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation have been used.
Express Testing of Minerals
Authors: Kantur V A , Petrosyants V V
Published: June 2019

A method and a device employed for testing of minerals in the field environment is proposed. The method is based on the use of information-wave technologies. It is an information wave based method comparing human being’s psychosomatic response to an object under test and its information nosode. The information nosode is an electromagnetic signal with pulse-code modulation being formed at the output of the information-wave generator. A non-invasive sensor of human being’s blood vessels light penetration ability is offered as a sensor of psychosomatic response. A functional diagram of the device and a description of its operation and finally, the results of minerals testing are given in the article. The advantages and disadvantages of minerals express testing method for usage in the field environment are shown, as well.
City as an Object of Ecological and Economic Researches: the Example of Russian Cities
Authors: Shcherbakova N , Khaikin M
Published: June 2019

The growth of environmental pollution especially in big cities dictates the need to search for the reasons of this trend, most of which refer to the economic sphere. The aim of this work is not only to describe the state of environment in Russian cities with the population of 100 thousand inhabitants and more, but also to reveal the main economic factors that influence on the intensity of their environmental pollution. The ecological and economic analysis of Russian cities, fulfilled in this work, helped to identify the most unfavourable of them in terms of the level of environmental impact. The low quality of environment in these cities is largely due to natural and climatic conditions (bad conditions for contaminants dispersion) and specifics of their economic development: functioning of large industrial enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, petrochemistry, construction industry. The conclusion is that to improve the environmental quality in these cities comprehensive social, environmental and economic solutions are required.
Research of Particle Size Composition of Atmospheric Particulates in Several Communities of the Magadan Region
Authors: Drozd V A , Chernyshev V V , Kholodov A S , Chaika V V , Golokhvast K S
Published: June 2019

The paper presents the results of particle size distribution analysis of atmospheric particulate matter studied in the snow of several settlements in the Magadan Region (towns Magadan, Susuman, and Omsukchan). The study found a significant content of PM10 particles in the air of Magadan town (28 to 65.7%), and a general dominance of particles under 50 μm in diameter (PM50 fraction) - from 44.4 up to 100%. The content of environmentally significant PM10 particles in the air of smaller settlements of the Magadan region (towns Susuman and Omsukchan) does not exceed 21. 1%. We can conclude that the air in the Magadan town, due to the predominance of PM10 and PM50 particles is characterized by a pronounced micro-particles contamination. This level of pollution, in conjunction with the harsh climate of this region, is a constant source of respiratory diseases and a factor in reduction of the quality of life.
Modified Fuzzy Model for Selecting Stakeholder Engagement Strategies of the Company Using Generalized Criterion
Authors: Solodukhin K
Published: June 2019

The paper proposes a modified fuzzy model for selection of the most appropriate types of engagement strategies of the organization with its different stakeholders. The decision to choose one or another type of strategy is based on fuzzy weighting factors of applicability of the strategies considered as random variables for the most probable scenarios using a fuzzy generalized criterion that combines mathematical expectation and standard deviation. The principal difference of the model from the previously developed ones by the authors is that fuzzy weight factors of strategies applicability are not calculated by the given formulas but are determined on the basis of the given base of fuzzy inference rules. Herewith, when calculating the mathematical expectation and the standard deviation, the weighting factors of strategies applicability are not defuzzificated beforehand. Accordingly, the partial criteria, the generalized criterion, the level of risk tolerance of the decision-maker are fuzzy. In this case, the ranking of strategy types occurs on the basis of various methods for ordering fuzzy numbers.