bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A GALL ON BEARBERRY (ARCTOSTAPHYLOS)
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A.
Published: February 2010

In the case of any circumpolar plant, it is of much interest to learn whether the insects and fungi attacking it are the same in Europe, Asia and America. The Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uvaursi) is already know to have a cocci (Targionia Dearnessi, Ckll.) infesting it, which is only known to occur in America. This T. Dearnessi, however, is not confined to the Arctostaphylos, for Professor L. Bruner sent me specimens which he collected Oct. 24, 1900, at Weeping Water, Nebraska, on Ceanothus Americanus.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF NORTH AMERICAN ARCTIIDÆ.—IV.
Authors: Seifert Otto
Published: February 2010

Arcita proxima. Guérin.—To obtain a feasible knowledge of the extent and direction of variability in this species, extensive material was procured by recrossing original broode and gain their inbred progenies.
TWO NEW HOMOPTERA FROM AFRICA, AND SYNONYMICAL NOTES
Authors: Kirkaldy G. W.
Published: February 2010

Scaphoideus Anneœ, sp. nov.—Different from all the other species of Scaphoideus known to me, by the presence of only one median subapical cell in the tegmina, instead of two: the subcostal (marginal) cell widens apically, the outer branch of the raidal vein being continuous up to the apex of the tegmen, not ending at the base of teh subapical cells as in the other species. The interolateral margins of the eyes are straight, diverging very slightly towards the dorsal apex, and the posterior margin of the pronotum is a little more emarginate.
FOUR OCHODÆUS NEW TO THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Schaeffer Chas.
Published: February 2010

Working over some neglected material, I found, to my surprise, that the specimens of Ochodœus colleted by me last year in Arizona are separable into three distinct species, none of which agree with the descriptions of the North American species. A few years ago my brother sent me from California, with some other material, two specimens of what I take to be an Ochadœus. Unfortunately, I misplaced one of the specimens, and not wishing to dissect the single remaining one, I leave this species in this genus for the present, till more material is available.
Differential Geminin Requirement for Proliferation of Thymocytes and Mature T Cells
Authors: Karamitros Dimitris , Kotantaki Panorea , Lygerou Zoi , Veiga-Fernandes Henrique , Pachnis Vassilis , Kioussis Dimitris , Taraviras Stavros
Published: January 2010

Stem/progenitor cells coordinate proliferation and differentiation, giving rise to appropriate cell numbers of functionally specialized cells during organogenesis. In different experimental systems, Geminin was shown to maintain progenitor cells and participate in fate determination decisions and organogenesis. Although the exact mechanisms are unclear, Geminin has been postulated to influence proliferation versus differentiation decisions. To gain insight into the in vivo role of Geminin in progenitor cell division and differentiation, we have generated mice that specifically lack Geminin in cells of lymphoid lineage through Cre-mediated recombination. T cells lacking Geminin expression upregulate early activation markers efficiently upon TCR stimulation in vitro and are able to enter the S phase of cell cycle, but show a marked defect in completing the cycle, leading to a large proportion of T cells accumulating in S/G2/M phases. Accordingly, T cells deficient in Geminin show a reduced ability to repopulate lymphopenic hosts in vivo. Contrary to expectations, Geminin deficiency does not alter development and differentiation of T cells in vivo. Our data suggest that Geminin is required for the proliferation events taking place either in vitro upon TCR receptor activation or during homeostatic expansion, but appears to be redundant for the proliferation and differentiation of the majority of progenitor T cell populations.
Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 Is Required for Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cytokine Production in Human Monocytes
Authors: Wehrhahn Janine , Kraft Robert , Harteneck Christian , Hauschildt Sunna
Published: January 2010

Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel that is stimulated by oxidative stress and specifically activated by intracellular ADP-ribose. Because TRPM2 is highly expressed in immunocytes, a role of this channel in inflammation processes has been proposed. The aim of the current study was to determine the function of TRPM2 in LPS-induced cytokine production of human monocytes. Incubation of human primary monocytes with LPS resulted in an upregulation of TRPM2 mRNA, protein, and of ADP-ribose–induced membrane currents. By using short hairpin RNA to downregulate TRPM2 expression in THP-1 monocytes, we demonstrate that TRPM2 is required for the LPS-induced production of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α. Application of LPS led to a time-dependent increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in THP-1 cells that was clearly reduced by downregulation of TRPM2. Omission of extracellular Ca2+ strongly decreased TNF-α production in TRPM2-expressing cells. Thus, TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ entry is a central mechanism for LPS-induced cytokine production in monocytic cells. The identification of TRPM2 as a major player in this LPS-dependent process makes it a promising tool in modulating monocyte functions.
Fritz Kahn and the Centenary of The Doctor of the Future
Authors: Voltin Conrad-Amadeus , Zuckier Lionel S.
Published: May 2024

This JAMA Arts and Medicine feature describes ways in which Fritz Kahn shared a prescient and nuanced vision of technology’s role in the patient-physician interaction, a topic of continued interest and relevance today, through his illustrations.
Doubly Robust Causal Modeling to Evaluate Device Implantation
Authors: Shardell Michelle , Chen Chixiang , McCoy Rozalina G.
Published: May 2024

This Guide to Statistics and Methods explains doubly robust causal modeling, which offers 2 opportunities to correctly model confounders, when to use it, and discusses its limitations.
Relaxation Therapy and Human Milk Feeding Outcomes
Authors: Levene Ilana , Mohd Shukri Nurul Husna , O’Brien Frances , Quigley Maria A. , Fewtrell Mary
Published: May 2024

Importance

Human milk feeding is a key public health goal to optimize infant and maternal/parental health, but global lactation outcomes do not meet recommended duration and exclusivity. There are connections between lactation and mental health.

Objective

To appraise all available evidence on whether the provision of relaxation interventions to lactating individuals improves lactation and well-being.

Data Sources

Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched on September 30, 2023, and topic experts were consulted.

Study Selection

Two independent reviewers screened for eligibility. Inclusion criteria were full-text, peer-reviewed publications with a randomized clinical trial design. Techniques that were entirely physical (eg, massage) were excluded. A total of 7% of initially identified studies met selection criteria.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Fixed-effects meta-analysis and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations guidelines were used to synthesize and present evidence.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Prespecified primary outcomes were human milk quantity, length and exclusivity of human milk feeding, milk macronutrients/cortisol, and infant growth and behavior.

Results

A total of 16 studies were included with 1871 participants (pooled mean [SD] age for 1656 participants, 29.6 [6.1] years). Interventions were music, guided relaxation, mindfulness, and breathing exercises/muscle relaxation. Provision of relaxation was not associated with a change in human milk protein (mean difference [MD], 0 g/100 mL; 95% CI, 0; 205 participants). Provision of relaxation was associated with an increase in human milk quantity (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.89; 464 participants), increased infant weight gain in breastfeeding infants (MD, z score change = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.30-0.72; 226 participants), and a slight reduction in stress and anxiety (SMD stress score, −0.49; 95% CI, −0.70 to −0.27; 355 participants; SMD anxiety score, −0.45; 95% CI, −0.67 to −0.22; 410 participants).

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that provision of relaxation was associated with an increase in human milk quantity and infant weight gain and a slight reduction in stress and anxiety. Relaxation interventions can be offered to lactating parents who would like to increase well-being and improve milk supply or, where directly breastfeeding, increase infant weight gain.
Certificates of Confidentiality and Mandatory Reporting
Authors: Wolf Leslie E. , Ram Natalie , Letourneau Elizabeth J.
Published: May 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the importance of obtaining federal certificates of confidentiality to free researchers to perform important research into child sexual abuse.
Mandatory Child Protective Services Reporting for Substance-Exposed Newborns and Peripartum Outcomes
Authors: Khazanchi Rohan , Wachman Elisha M. , Schiff Davida M. , Modest Anna , Saia Kelley A. , Hsu Heather E.
Published: May 2024

This cross-sectional study examines data across 17 birthing hospitals before and after a policy change at Boston Medical Center in how reporting decisions are made in cases of prenatal substance exposure.
Use of Implementation Strategies to Promote the Uptake of Knee Osteoarthritis Practice Guidelines and Improve Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ramirez Michelle M. , Fillipo Rebecca , Allen Kelli D. , Nelson Amanda E. , Skalla Lesley A. , Drake Connor D. , Horn Maggie E.
Published: May 2024

Objective

Translation of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to practice remains suboptimal. The primary purpose of this systematic review was to describe the use of implementation strategies to promote KOA CPG–recommended care.

Methods

Medline (via PubMed), Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched from inception to February 23, 2023, and the search was subsequently updated and expanded on January 16, 2024. Implementation strategies were mapped per the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change taxonomy. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care criteria. The review was registered prospectively (PROSPERO identifier: CRD42023402383).

Results

Nineteen studies were included in the final review. All (100% [n = 4]) studies that included the domains of “provide interactive assistance,” “train and educate stakeholders” (89% [n = 16]), “engage consumers” (87% [n = 13]), and “support clinicians” (79% [n = 11]) showed a change to provider adherence. Studies that showed a change to disability included the domains of “train and educate stakeholders,” “engage consumers,” and “adapt and tailor to context.” Studies that used the domains “train and educate stakeholders,” “engage consumers,” and “support clinicians” showed a change in pain and quality of life. Most studies had a low to moderate RoB.

Conclusion

Implementation strategies have the potential to impact clinician uptake of CPGs and patient‐reported outcomes. The implementation context, using an active learning strategy with a patient partner, restructuring funding models, and integrating taxonomies to tailor multifaceted strategies should be prioritized. Further experimental research is recommended to determine which implementation strategies are most effective.

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Mo–Si Alloys Studied by Atomistic Computer Simulations Using a Novel Machine‐Learning Interatomic Potential: Thermodynamics and Interface Phenomena
Authors: Lenchuk Olena , Rohrer Jochen , Albe Karsten
Published: May 2024

A machine‐learning interatomic potential for Mo–Si alloys based on the atomic cluster expansion formalism is presented, its performance is validated, and it is applied for studying interface phenomena. Structural parameters, elastic constants, and melting temperatures of the crystalline body‐centered cubic Mo, diamond Si, and stable Mo–Si alloys (Mo3Si, Mo5Si3, and MoSi2) are calculated and compared to experimental values. Using the trained potential defect, formation energies are calculated and the thermodynamic stability of various MoxSiy alloys is discussed with focus on Mo3Si. Finally, the intermixing between Mo and Si phases is studied by performing interface simulations of Mo|Si. The crystallization behavior of the Mo3Si phase provides additional evidence for the off‐stoichiometric composition of this intermetallic phase.
Approaching 1 GPa Ultra‐High Tensile Strength in a Nanostructured Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr–Sc Alloy Prepared by Severe Plastic Deformation
Authors: Shen Gaoliang , Li Mingxi , Liu Jiashuo , Zheng Ruixiao , Xiang Zhilei , Ma Xiaozhao , Huang Jingcun , Li Jihao , Zhou Zongyi , Chen Ziyong
Published: May 2024

Alloy composition and heat treatment processes have limited possibility to enhance ultra‐high strength of aluminum alloys, which restricts their widespread application in lightweight equipment. Consequently, high‐density dislocations and grain refinement are suggested to strengthen ultra‐high strength aluminum alloys. Herein, a novel nanostructured Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr–Sc (AZMCZS) alloy with homogeneous microstructure is prepared through the synergistic processing of hot extrusion and high‐pressure torsion. Additionally, the microstructures and strengthening mechanisms of the nanostructured Al alloy are analyzed. It is observed that the ultimate tensile strength of the nanostructured Al alloy reaches nearly 1 GPa, and the elongation of the alloy is 1.9%. The nanostructured Al alloy mainly consists of nanoscale grains (≈117.7 nm), high‐density dislocations (2.4 × 1015 m−2), nano‐sized precipitates (the size of 20–51 nm), and solute atom clusters (≈3 nm). The multiple strengthening mechanisms of the nanostructured Al alloy are revealed in terms of grain refinement, dislocations, precipitates, and solute atom clusters. Grain refinement and dislocation strengthening show superior outcomes and are considered to be the predominant strengthening mechanisms. These findings demonstrate that this nanostructural architecture offers a new way to design super‐strength metals and alloys by effectively controlling the processing regime of severe plastic deformation.
Fabrication of Gradient Periodic Surface Structures on Stainless Steel Using Direct Laser Interference Patterning
Authors: Wu Tianhao , Voisiat Bogdan , Soldera Marcos , Soldera Flavio , Lasagni Andrés Fabián
Published: May 2024

In this work, the fabrication of gradient periodic line‐like structures with continuously changing spatial period on stainless steel by means of two‐beam direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) is studied. A 70 ps (picosecond [ps]) pulsed laser operating at 532 nm wavelength and 0.64 J cm−2laser fluence is used to produce the gradient microstructures. By continuously changing the overlapping angle between the sub‐beams, the spatial period of gradient structures smoothly increases from 2.01 ± 0.09 to 3.99 ± 0.12 μm within a 500 μm long processed area. Different pulse‐to‐pulse overlaps are applied to study the influence of cumulated fluence on the topography of gradient structures. The surface topography is analyzed by optical confocal microscopy and is characterized by the roughness parametersRaandRz. Fourier transformations of the confocal images allows the verification of the variations of the spatial periods. In the experiments performed in this work, design rules are provided for fabricating complex microstructures in the future using DLIP‐based technology to achieve advanced surface function like anisotropic wetting or cell growth.
Ultramicrotomy‐Assisted Fabrication of Nanochannels for Efficient Ion Transport and Energy Generation
Authors: Bhardwaj Ankit , Gogoi Raj Kumar , Howard William Joshua , Tillotson Evan , Goutham Solleti , You Yi , Hashimoto Teruo , Janzen Eli , Edgar James H. , Haigh Sarah J. , Keerthi Ashok , Radha Boya
Published: May 2024

Nano‐ and angstrom‐scale channels fabricated from 2D‐layered materials provide a unique platform for studying fluidic behavior at atomic‐scale confinement, with applications in desalination, osmotic power generation, and fuel cells. While various fabrication methods exist, achieving precision, scalability, and minimal fabrication time is challenging. Ultramicrotomy‐based nanofabrication is shown here as an efficient approach to create nanofluidic membranes  containing nanochannels with atomically flat walls. This approach is compatible with both bottom–up nanolaminates and top–down nanochannels,  produces multiple devices from the same 2D assembly and allows swift variation of channel length.  Integration of these membranes into macroscopic silicon fluidic‐chips is achieved maintaining the structural and functional properties. The robustness of the sliced membranes is demonstrated through restacked vermiculate laminates that sustain applied pressures and generate ionic streaming currents. Sliced pristine vermiculite channels exhibit charge‐selective ion transport, leading to osmotic power density (Posm/A) ranging from 9.2 to 300.4 Wm−2 under various KCl concentration gradients. Maximum conversion efficiency of 23.3% is obtained at a 100‐fold gradient, yielding Posm/A of 234.6 Wm−2. Short channel lengths sliced by ultramicrotomy contribute to high Posm/A, promising applications of miniature energy devices for pressure‐driven electricity generation and osmotic power generation.
Artificial Compound Eye with Tunable Properties for Enhancement in Fluorescence Imaging and Raman Detection
Authors: Kassim Kehinde , Lu Qiuyun , Maeda Nobuo , Wang Xihua , Xu Ben Bin , Zhang Xuehua
Published: May 2024

Artificial compound eye (CE) draws inspiration from nature, offering advanced imaging capabilities and an expansive field of view. In this work, an innovative technique is developed for the creation of CE with tunable dimensions. A solution‐based process is employed that involves in situ polymerization of surface nanodroplets prior to soft lithography to produce CE consisting of millions of ommatidia. The fabricated CE comprised of a densely arranged array of microwells, each with a base radius of 5 µm. Situated on a millimeter‐sized spherical dome, the CE can be tailored to arbitrary dimensions, enhancing its adaptability with a wide angular field of view up to 118°. The CE is used to enhance signal detection in fluorescent compounds, reaching a detection limit of 107 times lower concentration than that without using CEs in bulk solution. The signal enhancement capabilities are further utilized for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy by using a portable handheld device, with an enhancement factor of 2. The fabrication technique underscores the advantages of the approach in simplicity, reproducibility, and efficiency in creating CE. The potential applications of CE may be extended to various domains, such as optical sensing, light‐dependent signal enhancement, motion perception, and medical endoscopy.
Hybrid Cell Membrane‐Based Nanoplatforms for Enhanced Immunotherapy against Cancer and Infectious Diseases
Authors: Peng Xinran , Yang Li , Yuan Peiyan , Ding Xin
Published: May 2024

Immunotherapy based on nanoplatforms is a promising approach to treat cancer and infectious diseases, and it has achieved considerable progress in clinical practices. Cell membrane‐based nanoplatforms endow nanoparticles with versatile characteristics, such as half‐life extension, targeting ability, and immune‐system regulation. However, monotypic cell membrane usually fails to provoke strong immune response for immunotherapy while maintaining good biosafety. The integration of different cell‐membrane types provides a promising approach to construct multifunctional nanoplatforms for improved immunotherapeutic efficacy by enhancing immunogenicity or targeting function, evading immune clearance, or combining with other therapeutic modalities. In this review, the design principles, preparation strategies, and applications of hybrid cell membrane‐based nanoplatforms for cancer and infection immunotherapy are first discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects for the potential clinical translation of hybrid cell membrane‐based nanoplatforms are discussed.
Tandem Electric‐Fields Prolong Energetic Hot Electrons Lifetime for Ultra‐Fast and Stable NO2 Detection
Authors: Ou Yucheng , Wang Bing , Xu Nana , Song Quzhi , Liu Tao , Xu Hui , Wang Fuwen , Li Siwei , Wang Yingde
Published: May 2024

Prolonging energetic hot electrons lifetimes and surface activity in the reactive site can overcome the slow kinetics and unfavorable thermodynamics of photo‐activated gas sensors. However, bulk and surface recombination limit the simultaneous optimization of both kinetics and thermodynamics. Here tandem electric fields are deployed at (111)/(100)Au‐CeO2 to ensure a sufficient driving force for carrier transfer and elucidate the mechanism of the relationship between charge transport and gas‐sensing performance. The asymmetric structure of the (111)/(100)CeO2 facet junction provides interior electric fields, which facilitates electron transfer from the (100)face to the (111)face. This separation of reduction and oxidation reaction sites across different crystal faces helps inhibit surface recombination. The increased electron concentration at the (111)face intensifies the interface electric field, which promotes electron transfer to the Au site. The local electric field generated by the surface plasmon resonance effect promotes the generation of high‐energy energy hot‐electrons, which maintains charge concentration in the interface field by injecting into (111)/(100)CeO2, thereby provide thermodynamic contributions and inhibit bulk recombination. The tandem electric fields enable the (111)/(100)Au‐CeO2 to rapidly detect 5 ppm of NO2 at room temperature with stability maintained within 20 s.
Carbon Dioxide Capture by Emerging Innovative Polymers: Status and Perspectives
Authors: Darmayanti Made Ganesh , Tuck Kellie L. , Thang San H.
Published: May 2024

A significant amount of research has been conducted in carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, particularly over the past decade, and continues to evolve. This review presents the most recent advancements in synthetic methodologies and CO2 capture capabilities of diverse polymer‐based substances, which includes the amine‐based polymers, porous organic polymers, and polymeric membranes, covering publications in the last 5 years (2019–2024). It aims to assist researchers with new insights and approaches to develop innovative polymer‐based materials with improved capturing CO2 capacity, efficiency, sustainability, and cost‐effective, thereby addressing the current obstacles in carbon capture and storage to sooner meeting the net‐zero CO2 emission target.
Scalable Customization of Crystallographic Plane Controllable Lithium Metal Anodes for Ultralong‐Lasting Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Tan Jian , Ma Longli , Yi Pengshu , Wang Yuan , Li Zhiheng , Fang Zhan , Li Xuanyang , He Shan , Wang Xuefeng , Ye Mingxin , Shen Jianfeng
Published: May 2024

A formidable challenge to achieve the practical applications of rechargeable lithium (Li) metal batteries (RLMBs) is to suppress the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites. One of the most effective solutions is to fabricate Li metal anodes with specific crystal plane, but still lack of a simple and high‐efficient approach. Herein, a facile and controllable way for the scalable customization of polished Li metal anodes with highly preferred (110) and (200) crystallographic orientation (donating as polished Li(110) and polished Li(200), respectively) by regulating the times of accumulative roll bonding, is reported. According to the inherent characteristics of polished Li(110)/Li(200), the influence of Li atomic structure on the electrochemical performance of RLMBs is deeply elucidated by combining theoretical calculations with relative experimental proofs. In particular, a polished Li(110) crystal plane is demonstrated to induce Li+ uniform deposition, promoting the formation of flat and dense Li deposits. Impressively, the polished Li(110)||LiFePO4 full cells exhibit unprecedented cycling stability with 10 000 cycles at 10 C almost without capacity degradation, indicating the great potential application prospect of such textured Li metal. More valuably, this work provides an important reference for low‐cost, continued, and large‐scale production of Li metal anodes with highly preferred crystal orientation through roll‐to‐roll manufacturability.
Coupling‐Grafting‐Ultrasonication Modification of Electrophoretic Particles for Fast Response and High Contrast Ratio Electrophoretic Display
Authors: Zhang Yue , Yang Jinglan , Xiong Feng , Wu Xinzao , Zeng Debo , Zhou Tao , Yang Bo‐Ru
Published: May 2024

Electrophoretic displays (EPDs) show great promise in the field of information display because of their eye‐friendly feature and high ambient visibility. Enhancing electrophoretic particle preparation and optimizing charge properties are crucial for display quality, response speed, and the capability to show full color. Despite the various methods explored, achieving a balance among simplicity, cost‐effectiveness, high surface charge, rapid response, and contrast improvement remains challenging. This study introduces a coupling‐grafting‐ultrasonication (CGU) approach. The surface charge and stability of the particles are turned by precisely adjusting the thickness of the poly (lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA) layer. Through optimization, TiO2‐PLMA electrophoretic particles with a grafting mass of 10 exhibit a fast response (170 ms for white, 120 ms for black), high contrast (30), and demonstrated long‐term stability in EPD devices. Furthermore, the CGU method proves to be versatile for colored EPD particle preparation, providing a new direction for the future development of EPD.
Demonstration of In‐Memory Biosignal Analysis: Novel High‐Density and Low‐Power 3D Flash Memory Array for Arrhythmia Detection
Authors: Kim Jangsaeng , Im Jiseong , Shin Wonjun , Lee Soochang , Oh Seongbin , Kwon Dongseok , Jung Gyuweon , Choi Woo Young , Lee Jong‐Ho
Published: May 2024

Smart healthcare systems integrated with advanced deep neural networks enable real‐time health monitoring, early disease detection, and personalized treatment. In this work, a novel 3D AND‐type flash memory array with a rounded double channel for computing‐in‐memory (CIM) architecture to overcome the limitations of conventional smart healthcare systems: the necessity of high area and energy efficiency while maintaining high classification accuracy is proposed. The fabricated array, characterized by low‐power operations and high scalability with double independent channels per floor, exhibits enhanced cell density and energy efficiency while effectively emulating the features of biological synapses. The CIM architecture leveraging the fabricated array achieves high classification accuracy (93.5%) for electrocardiogram signals, ensuring timely detection of potentially life‐threatening arrhythmias. Incorporated with a simplified spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity learning rule, the CIM architecture is suitable for robust, area‐ and energy‐efficient in‐memory arrhythmia detection systems. This work effectively addresses the challenges of conventional smart healthcare systems, paving the way for a more refined healthcare paradigm.
Turning Ultra‐Low Coercivity and Ultra‐High Temperature Stability Within 897 K via Continuous Crystal Ordering Fluctuations
Authors: Lang Runqiu , Chen Haiyang , Zhang Jinrong , Li Haipeng , Guo Defeng , Kou Jianyuan , Zhao Lei , Fang Yikun , Wang Xiaoqiang , Qi Xiwei , Wang Yan‐dong , Ren Yang , Wang Haizhou
Published: May 2024

High‐performance soft magnetic materials are important for energy conservation and emission reduction. One challenge is achieving a combination of reliable temperature stability, high resistivity, high Curie temperature, and high saturation magnetization in a single material, which often comes at the expense of intrinsic coercivity–a typical trade‐off in the family of soft magnetic materials with homogeneous microstructures. Herein, a nanostructured FeCoNiSiAl complex concentrated alloy is developed through a hierarchical structure strategy. This alloy exhibits superior soft magnetic properties up to 897 K, maintaining an ultra‐low intrinsic coercivity (13.6 A m−1 at 297 K) over a wide temperature range, a high resistivity (138.08 µΩ cm−1 at 297 K) and the saturation magnetization with only a 16.7% attenuation at 897 K. These unusual property combinations are attributed to the dual‐magnetic‐state nature with exchange softening due to continuous crystal ordering fluctuations at the atomic scale. By deliberately controlling the microstructure, the comprehensive performance of the alloy can be tuned and controlled. The research provides valuable guidance for the development of soft magnetic materials for high‐temperature applications and expands the potential applications of related functional materials in the field of sustainable energy.
Mapping the Binary Covalent Alloy Space to Pursue Superior Nitrogen Reduction Reaction Catalysts
Authors: Tezak Cooper R. , Gerits Sophie , Rich Benjamin , Sutton Christopher , Singstock Nicholas , Musgrave Charles B.
Published: May 2024

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has the potential to decarbonize industrial ammonia production. However, NRR has poor activity and selectivity versus the competing hydrogen evolution reaction for catalysts that adhere to scaling relations. Overcoming the limitations imposed by scaling relations requires more complex catalyst materials, however, evaluating materials beyond simple metal systems is a large combinatorial problem that requires an improved understanding of the electrocatalyst surface to rationally guide the discovery of superior catalysts. The study uses grand canonical density functional theory to uncover NRR trends on a large and disparate set of binary covalent alloys (BCA) with variable compositions and active‐site geometries. The studied BCAs generally follow scaling relations, albeit with larger variance and several systems that significantly break scaling. BCAs with early‐ to mid‐transition metals tend to lie near the volcano peak and activate the N2 triple bond via a side‐on binding configuration. Trends in the BCA space cannot be readily predicted using simple electronic descriptors, which is ascribed to the large geometric variability of the BCA surfaces. It is anticipated that these findings will provide a foundation for the rational design of superior NRR electrocatalysts with increasing material complexity.
Atomic Sn Encapsulation with Visualizing Mitigated Active Zinc Loss toward Anode‐Lean Zinc Metal Battery
Authors: Zhang Xinren , Qu Changzhen , Zhang Xiuhai , Peng Xu , Qiu Yuqian , Su Yanxia , Zeng Jianrong , Liu Zhe , Liu Xingrui , Qi Weihong , Wang Hongqiang , Xu Fei
Published: May 2024

Aqueous Zn ion batteries promise high safety and sustainability for large‐scale energy storage but are severely impeded by catastrophic dendrite growth and parasitic reactions of Zn anode with irreversible Zn loss. Constructing ultrafine zincophilic seeding sites in hosting interphases has emerged as a viable strategy for reversible plating/stripping. Nevertheless, systematic unravelling of downsized nucleation sites and spatial distribution along with manifesting active Zn loss mechanism, remains scant yet imperative. Herein the atomic Sn encapsulated in hollow carbon spheres is proposed (At‐Sn@HCN) as interphase combined with in situ optical microscope for visualizing the active Zn loss. The atomic‐level Sn serves as robust nucleation sites to minimize nucleation barrier while the hollow architecture homogenizes the local charge distribution. Consequently, dense Zn deposition is visualized with neglected Zn loss for At‐Sn@HCN, in sharp contrast to hollow carbon spheres (HCN) and bulk Sn‐loaded HCN visualizing dead Zn formation and interphase peeling off, respectively. Consequently, the full cells achieve prolonged cycling under anode‐lean configuration for 500 cycles, and even can be stably operated under negative to positive areal capacity ratio of 2.2 with alleviated decay rate, superior to those of most reported literatures. These findings open up new horizons for practical deployment of Zn metal batteries.
Massive pericardial effusion in an infant with Aymé–Gripp syndrome: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Esposito Arianna , Niceta Marcello , Novelli Antonio , Magliozzi Monia , Parlapiano Giovanni , Baban Anwar , Perrone Marco Alfonso
Published: May 2024

Aymé–Gripp syndrome (AYGRPS) is a multisystemic disorder caused by a subset of pathogenic variants in the MAF gene. Major clinical features include bilateral early cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and a characteristic facial appearance along with variable neurodevelopmental delay. Pericarditis resulting in pericardial effusion of varying degree has been observed in a subset of affected individuals and could represent a severe feature in neonatal or infantile age. Here, we describe a syndromic infant with massive pericardial effusion and craniofacial features that oriented toward the suspicion of AYGRPS, which was subsequently confirmed by the molecular analysis of MAF. Pericardial effusion was first observed prenatally and documented to be recurrent, progressive, and severe in the first months of life, thus requiring pericardiocentesis and surgical procedures. In this report, we provide further delineation of the minor clinical characteristics, particularly focusing on cardiac features of AYGRPS. A dedicated cardiac surveillance of these findings may help reduce the morbidity and mortality of this rare condition.
Illusions of Self‐Motion during Magnetic Resonance‐Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Tremor
Authors: Ciocca Matteo , Jameel Ayesha , Yousif Nada , Patel Neekhil , Smith Joely , Akgun Sena , Jones Brynmor , Gedroyc Wlayslaw , Nandi Dipankar , Tai Yen , Seemungal Barry M. , Bain Peter
Published: May 2024

Objective

Brain networks mediating vestibular perception of self‐motion overlap with those mediating balance. A systematic mapping of vestibular perceptual pathways in the thalamus may reveal new brain modulation targets for improving balance in neurological conditions.

Methods

Here, we systematically report how magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound surgery of the nucleus ventralis intermedius of the thalamus commonly evokes transient patient‐reported illusions of self‐motion. In 46 consecutive patients, we linked the descriptions of self‐motion to sonication power and 3‐dimensional (3D) coordinates of sonication targets. Target coordinates were normalized using a standard atlas, and a 3D model of the nucleus ventralis intermedius and adjacent structures was created to link sonication target to the illusion.

Results

A total of 63% of patients reported illusions of self‐motion, which were more likely with increased sonication power and with targets located more inferiorly along the rostrocaudal axis. Higher power and more inferiorly targeted sonications increased the likelihood of experiencing illusions of self‐motion by 4 and 2 times, respectively (odds ratios = 4.03 for power, 2.098 for location).

Interpretation

The phenomenon of magnetic vestibular stimulation is the most plausible explanation for these illusions of self‐motion. Temporary unilateral modulation of vestibular pathways (via magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound) unveils the central adaptation to the magnetic field‐induced peripheral vestibular bias, leading to an explicable illusion of motion. Consequently, systematic mapping of vestibular perceptual pathways via magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound may reveal new intracerebral targets for improving balance in neurological conditions. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:121–132
Allyl‐Allyl Coupling Promoted by Catalyst Systems with two Palladium Atoms – A Plethora of Potentially Pericyclic Processes
Authors: De Snoo William , Kong Wang‐Yeuk , Tantillo Dean J.
Published: May 2024

Recently, Huang and co‐workers reported a catalytic reaction that utilizes H2 as the sole reductant for a C−C coupling of allyl groups with yields up to 96 %. Here we use computational quantum chemistry to identify several key features of this reaction that provide clarity on how it proceeds. We propose the involvement of a Pd−Pd bound dimer precatalyst, demonstrate the importance of ligand π‐π interactions and counterions, and identify a new, energetically viable, mechanism involving two dimerized, outer‐sphere reductive elimination transition structures that determine both the rate and selectivity. Although we rule out the previously proposed transmetalation step on energetic grounds, we show it to have an unusual aromatic transition structure in which two Pd atoms support rearranging electrons. The prevalence of potential metal‐supported pericyclic reactions in this system suggests that one should consider such processes regularly, but the results of our calculations also indicate that one should do so with caution.
Understanding Spin‐Triplet Excited States in Carbene‐Metal‐Amides
Authors: Reponen Antti‐Pekka M. , Londi Giacomo , Matthews Campbell S. B. , Olivier Yoann , Romanov Alexander S. , Greenham Neil C. , Gillett Alexander J.
Published: May 2024

Carbene‐metal‐amides (CMAs) are emerging delayed fluorescence materials for organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) applications. CMAs possess fast, efficient emission owing to rapid forward and reverse intersystem crossing (ISC) rates. The resulting dynamic equilibrium between singlet and triplet spin manifolds distinguishes CMAs from most purely organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters. However, direct experimental triplet characterization in CMAs is underutilized, limiting our detailed understanding of the ISC mechanism. In this work, we combine time‐resolved spectroscopy with tuning of state energies through environmental polarity and metal substitution, focusing on the interplay between charge‐transfer (3CT) and local exciton (3LE) triplets. Unlike previous photophysical work, we investigate evaporated host : guest films of CMAs and small‐molecule hosts for increased device relevance. Transient absorption reveals an evolution in the triplet excited‐state absorption (ESA) consistent with a change in orbital character between hosts with differing dielectric constants. Using quantum chemical calculations, we simulate ESAs of the lowest triplet states, highlighting the contribution of only 3CT and donor‐moiety 3LE states to spectral features, with no strong evidence for a low‐lying acceptor‐centered 3LE. Thus, our work provides a blueprint for understanding the role of triplet excited states in CMAs which will enable further intelligent optimization of this promising class of materials.
Deep Red Light Driven Hydrogen Evolution by Heterojunction Polymer Dots for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Mi Feixue , Liu Zhao , Wang Xinyu , Wang Yingjie , Yang Junfeng , Wang Zhe , Yin Shengyan , Fang Xiaofeng , Shu Peng , Zhang Xuanjun , Wu Changfeng
Published: May 2024

We describe small heterojunction polymer dots (Pdots) with deep‐red light catalyzed H2 generation for diabetic skin wound healing. The Pdots with donor/acceptor heterojunctions showed remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity as compared to the donor or acceptor nanoparticles alone. We encapsulate the Pdots and ascorbic acid into liposomes to form Lipo‐Pdots nanoreactors, which selectively scavenge ⋅OH radicals in live cells and tissues under 650 nm light illumination. The antioxidant capacity of the heterojunction Pdots is ~10 times higher than that of the single‐component Pdots described previously. Under a total light dose of 360 J/cm2, the Lipo‐Pdots nanoreactors effectively scavenged ⋅OH radicals and suppressed the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in skin tissues, thereby accelerating the healing of skin wounds in diabetic mice. This study provides a feasible solution for safe and effective treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
Nonflammable Phosphate‐Based Electrolyte for Safe and Stable Potassium Batteries Enabled by Optimized Solvation Effect
Authors: Zhang Dianwei , Fu Hongwei , Ma Xuemei , Yu Xinzhi , Li Fuxiang , Zhou Jiang , Lu Bingan
Published: May 2024

Current potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are limited in safety and lifetime owing to the lack of suitable electrolyte solutions. To address these issues, herein, we report an innovative non‐flammable electrolyte design strategy that leverages an optimal moderate solvation phosphate‐based solvent which strikes a balance between solvation capability and salt dissociation ability, leading to superior electrochemical performance. The formulated electrolyte simultaneously exhibits the advantages of low salt concentration (only 0.6 M), low viscosity, high ionic conductivity, high oxidative stability, and safety. Our electrolyte also promotes the formation of self‐limiting inorganic‐rich interphases at the anode surface, alongside robust cathode‐electrolyte interphase on iron‐based Prussian blue analogues, mitigating electrode/electrolyte side reactions and preventing Fe dissolution. Notably, the PIBs employing our electrolyte exhibit exceptional durability, with 80 % capacity retention after 2,000 cycles at high‐voltage of 4.2 V in a coin cell. Impressively, in a larger scale pouch cell, it maintains over 81 % of its initial capacity after 1,400 cycles at 1 C‐rate with high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.6 %. This work represents a significant advancement toward the realization of safe, sustainable, and high‐performance PIBs.
Novel modified polyethersulfone high temperature and low humidity fuel cell membrane: Experimental and simulation study
Authors: Al Mesfer Mohammed K. , Al‐Dahhan Muthanna H. , Danish Mohd , Shah Mumtaj
Published: May 2024

The present study focuses on synthesizing a high‐temperature stable membrane working under low relative humidity (RH) by aminating the traditional polyethersulfone polymer with aniline for fuel cell applications. A condensed‐phase optimized molecular potentials for atomistic simulation studies force field‐based molecular dynamics simulation was used to explore the microscopic properties and transport of water and hydronium (H3O+) ions across the electrolyte at varied temperatures and RHs. COMSOL calculates oxygen and hydrogen concentrations after examining the polymer–ion interaction with the radial distribution function (RDF). The high H3O+ diffusion coefficient of the aniline‐treated membrane shows the benefit of the modification. The RDF confirmed the high interaction of the amine group with H3O+ and water. The high proton conductivity of 0.18 Scm−1 at 150°C with 33% RH for the aniline‐treated membrane was obtained, which was further investigated in COMSOL software to determine the hydrogen and oxygen concentration at the anode and cathode sides, respectively. Both electrodes' water transportation profiles were simulated numerically. The aniline‐treated membrane's good findings suggest high‐temperature proton exchange fuel cell membrane potential.
Preparation of functionalizable poly(propylene–styrene)/polyacrylonitrile millimeter‐scale particles with core‐shell morphology
Authors: Gurgel Danyelle , Henriques Rosana Oliveira , Conradi Vitor , de Oliveira Debora , Machado Ricardo Antonio Francisco , Pinto José Carlos , Junior Agenor Furigo , Oechsler Bruno Francisco
Published: May 2024

Core‐Shell (CS) polymeric particles have attracted great interest due to their high mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability and their surface properties. In this study, functionalizable CS poly(propylene/styrene)/poly(acrylonitrile) (PP/PS/PAN) particles were prepared through heterogeneous polymerizations in a batch reactor. Commercial PP particles and PP/PS particles (prepared by seeded suspension polymerization of styrene (Sty) on PP spheres) were applied as core components of the final structure, while the shell was prepared through acrylonitrile dispersion polymerization. The degree of swelling of the core particles by Sty played an important role for the adhesion of the PAN shell, which for PP particles was 24 wt%, whereas for PP/PS hybrid particles it was 57 wt%. The particles (PP/PS and CS) were characterized through image analysis, revealing a uniform and smooth surface for PP/PS spheres and a uniform porous shell for CS particles. Particle size distributions, thermal degradation, chemical structures, degrees of crystallinity, and textural properties were also evaluated. The PAN shell adhered to the PP/PS particles without forming a copolymer, and the CS particles formed by a PP/PS core and PAN shell had sizes of 4.54 ± 1.24 mm, specific area of 2.70 m2g−1 and PAN content of 15.98 ± 0.82% (m/m) of total particles.
Optimizing Green Synthesis of Hydrotalcite – Silver Nanoparticles using Syzygium Nervosum based Reducing Agent
Authors: Thai Nguyen Xuan , Chinh Nguyen Thuy , Linh Bui Thao , Thuy Tran Thanh , Hoang Thai
Published: May 2024

Hydrotalcite–silver (HT−Ag) nanoparticles have been involved in various daily crucial applications, such as antibacterial, photocatalytic, adsorption, etc. There are many approaches to synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) decorated on hydrotalcite (HT) surface and the most used approach is using a strong reducing agent. Thus, affordable but effective “green” reducing agents – Syzygium nervosum leaf extract, are taken into account in this work to solve several issues related to chemical reducing agents. This work aimed to assess the effect of Syzygium nervosum leaf extract as a reducing agent for green synthesis of AgNPs on HT through an optimizing process using response surface methodology (RSM) and the Box‐Benken model. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of AgNPs on HT include a reaction time of 6.15 hours, a reaction temperature of 50 °C, and the ratio of diluted Syzygium nervosum leaf extract to reduce AgNO3 of 50.37 mL/mg. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of the reduction reaction reached 77.54 %, close to the theoretical value of 76.97 %. The optimization model was suitable for the experiment data. Besides, the morphology, density, and characteristics of AgNPs on the surface of HT layers have been determined by using Ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), selected area diffraction, X‐ray diffraction, Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Fluorescence emission spectroscopy (FE), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) methods. The spherical AgNPs were synthesized successfully on the surface of HT with the average particle size of 13.0±1.1 nm. Interestingly, HT−Ag hybrid materials can inhibit strongly the growth of E. coli, S. aureus as well as two antibiotic resistance bacterial strains, P. stutzeri B27, and antibiotic resistance E. coli. Especially, the antibacterial activity quantification and durability of the HT−Ag hybrid materials were also tested. Overall, the HT−Ag hybrid materials are very promising for application in material science and biomedicine fields.