bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of the antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride on the biotransformation of urea when exposed to soil nitrifying strains
Authors: Abramov Evgeny G. , Antropova Natalia S.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. The consequences of uncontrolled use of antibiotics in agriculture are an urgent problem of environmental hygiene. Tetracycline can enter the soil with the urine of domestic animals, inhibit the vital activity of soil bacterial strains and inhibit the processes of enzymatic hydrolysis of urea (carbamide), disrupting the global nitrogen cycle in nature. The lack of both quantitative and qualitative criteria for assessing this influence determined the relevance of the research. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out using the “Stayer” chromatographic system with cationic and anionic separating columns and exclusive analysis methods developed by the authors. When modelling solutions of heavy metals, an atomic absorption spectrometer MGA - 915MD with ETA was used. The objects of research were model solutions of carbamide with different content of inhibiting substances. As a source of urease and strains of Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas, sod-podzolic soil from the Educational and Experimental Soil-Ecological Center “Chashnikovo” of Lomonosov Moscow State University was used. Results. An improved, more rapid chromatographic method for the analysis of urea in water is proposed compared to the method described by the authors earlier. The inhibitory effect of the antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride on the process of biotransformation of nitrite into nitrate caused by Nitrobacter strains has been shown. No significant effect of the antibiotic on the biotransformation of urea into ammonium and ammonium into nitrite under the action of Nitrosomonas strains has been established. Limitations. The studies were carried out on the model of water systems, which included an aqueous phase containing different concentrations of the antibiotic, soil suspension, urea, heavy metal ions at a temperature of t = 30 ○C, pH ~ 6.5. The influence of salt background, pH, and temperature on biotransformation has not been studied, which could, without changing the overall picture, reveal nuances in the kinetics of the main processes. Conclusion. Studies have shown the absence of the effect of the antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride on the kinetics of the decomposition of urea to ammonium and carbon dioxide due to urease enzymatic activity; there is no effect of the antibiotic on the oxidation of ammonium to nitrites by Nitrosomonas strains. It was found: selective inhibitory effect of an antibiotic during the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate, due to Nitrobacter strains; inhibition of biotransformation processes by chromium ions along the entire chain of transformations from urea to nitrate; and the inhibitory effect of excess oxygen on the totality of biotransformation processes during air bubbling through the aqueous phase.
Pengaruh Faktor Lokasi, Produk Dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen di CV. Creative Centre
Authors: Ricky  , Johannes  , Johnny Chandra
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of Location, Products and Prices on Purchasing Decisions at the CV. Creative Centre. The population in this study are all consumers who have made purchases on the CV. Creative Centre for 2019. By using the Slovin formula with an error rate of 10%, a total sample of 93 respondents was obtained. The results of the research analysis show that Location, Product and Price partially have a positive and significant effect on Purchasing Decisions at CV. Creative Centre. The results showed that Location, Product and Price simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on Purchasing Decisions at CV. Creative Centre. The results of this study are supported by the value of R square (R2) which means that the Location, Product and Price have an effect on the Purchasing Decision at the CV. Creative Centre. While the remaining is effectd by other factors originating from outside the research model such as service, perception, image, distribution channels, communication, advertising and price discounts
The Effect of Training Implementation And Work Discipline Level In Improving Employee Performance At PT. Jasa Raharja (Persero) Medan Branch Office
Authors: Situmorang Irvan Rolyesh
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine whether training and work discipline affect employee performance at PT. Jasa Raharja (Persero) Medan Branch Office. The performance produced by employees at this company is not good, because the training factor which is still considered not good is carried out based on established procedures and work discipline in this case is the high level of employee absenteeism. The population in this study was 50 employees, the sample used was 50 employees.The results showed that there was a positive and significant effect of training on employee performance. For the work discipline variable, there is a positive and significant effect of work discipline on employee performance. For the variables of training and work discipline on employee performance, it was simultaneously obtained that there was a positive and significant effect of training and work discipline on employee performance at PT. Jasa Raharja (Persero) Medan Branch Office. The magnitude of the effect of training and work discipline on employee performance can be seen from the value of R Square which means that there is an effect of training and work discipline on employee performance. Apart from training and work discipline, there are other influences that affect employee performance such as compensation, leadership style, motivation and other variables.
Influence of Inventory and Product Quality on Sales Volume at PT. Bilah Baja Makmur Abadi
Authors: Elisabeth Nainggolan
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of Inventory on Sales Volume at PT. Bilah Baja Makmur Abadi Medan, determine the effect of Product Quality on Sales Volume at PT. Bilah Baja Makmur Abadi Medan, determine the effect of Inventory and Product Quality on Sales Volume at PT. Bilah Baja Makmur Abadi Medan. The population in this study are customers of PT. Bilah Baja Makmur Abadi Medan totaling 2.515 respondents. The technique of determining the number of samples used in this study is Slovin formula and totaling 96 respondents. The results of the research analysis show that Inventory and Product Quality partially have a positive and significant effect on Sales Volume at PT. Bilah Baja Makmur Abadi Medan. The results showed that Inventory and Product Quality simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on Sales Volume at PT. Bilah Baja Makmur Abadi Medan. The results of this study are supported by the value of R square (R2) which means Inventory and Product Quality have an effect on Sales Volume at PT. Bilah Baja Makmur Abadi Medan. While the remaining is effected by other factors originating from outside this research model such as people, process and physical evidence.
Analysis of the Effect of Promotion and Brand Image on Customer Purchase Decisions
Authors: Muhammad Ali Akbar  , Sri Rezeki  , Gustina
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of Promotion on customer Purchasing Decisions Roman ceramic brand in CV. Kharisma Jaya, determine the effect of Brand Image on customer Purchasing Decisions of Roman ceramic brand in CV. Kharisma Jaya, determine the effect of Promotion and Brand Image on customer Purchasing Decisions Roman ceramic brand at CV. Kharisma Jaya. The population in this study is the customer at CV. Kharisma Jaya as many as 68 respondents. The results showed that Promotion and Brand Image partially have a positive and significant effect on customer purchasing decisions of Roman brand ceramic in CV. Kharisma Jaya. The results showed that simultaneously Promotion and Brand Image have positive and significant effect on customer Purchasing Decision of Roman brand ceramic in CV. Kharisma Jaya. The results of this study are supported by the value of R square (R2) which means that Promotion and Brand Image have an effect on Purchasing Decisions. While the rest is effected by other factors originating from outside this research model such as price and perception.
The Influence of Organizational Culture, Incentives and Work Motivation on Job Satisfaction in the Regional Government at Mebidangro Region
Authors: Haikal Rahman  , Agus Rahmadsyah  , Khafi Puddin
Published: June 2022

The important thing in human resource management is to manage the human element properly in order to obtain a workforce who is satisfied with their work. Employee job satisfaction is a factor that can affect the organization as a whole. Job satisfaction factors provide good benefits for the organization. Therefore, there are several ways that organizations can do to maintain and maintain their human resources, namely by providing motivation, presenting a conducive organizational culture, providing appropriate incentives to employees and others. other. This study aims to analyze the direct influence of organizational culture and incentives on employee work motivation at the Mebidangro Regional Government, to analyze the direct influence of organizational culture, incentives and work motivation on employee job satisfaction at the Mebidangro Regency Government. Mebidangro area. , and to analyze the indirect effect of organizational culture and compensation on job satisfaction through employee motivation at the Mebidangro Regional Government. The method used is the quantitative causality method. The population in this study were 37 respondents. The results of the study indicate that organizational culture and incentives have a direct effect on the work motivation of employees of the Regional Government of the Mebidangro Region and have a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction. Then the organizational climate and compensation indirectly have a positive but not significant effect on job satisfaction through the work motivation of employees at the Regional Government of the Mebidangro Region.
Analysis Of Marketing Strategies In Increasing Competitiveness In Skinos Medan Beauty Clinic
Authors: Selamat  , Saskia  , Rini Indahwati
Published: June 2022

This research was conducted based on the number of industries engaged in the same type of business,which creates intense competition in that market share. Skinos Medan beauty clinic has capital, regular customers and experienced employees, However faced with obstacles in the aspect of management and utilization of the company's internal resources and the clinic also faces various threats from external company factors. This research aims to determine and analyze the marketing strategies that can be carried out by the Skinos Medan beauty clinic to increase the company's competitiveness based on STP analysis (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning) and SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Threat, Opportunity). In this research, the author uses a qualitative method with data triangulation techniques. For data collection techniques are using the method of observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. For data analysis techniques are using STP analysis, IFAS matrix, EFAS matrix, SWOT diagram and SWOT matrix. Based on the results of STP analysis, Skinos Medan beauty clinic uses single-segment concentration strategy for Concentrated Marketing type of target market with the clinic positioning itself using Quality Positioning style. Furthermore, based on the results of the analysis using the IFAS matrix, EFAS matrix, SWOT diagram and SWOT matrix, the strategy obtained is in quadrant 4 strategy, called a defensive strategy. The implementation of the strategy is thatSkinos Medan beauty clinic will use an alternative WT (Weakness-Threat) strategy to survive and minimizes all the weaknesses and threats of the company.
LOCUS OF CONTROL AND RESPONSIBILITY FOR EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Hilma Harmen  , Agus Rahmadsyah  , Aprinawati
Published: June 2022

This article analyzes the influence of locus of control and responsibility on the performance of the employees of the Regional Water Company (PDAM) Tirtanadi, Tuasan Medan Branch. The sample consisted of eighty respondents, namely all company employees from various work units using proportional random sampling technique. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to respondents and then processed using multiple regression analysis. It was found that locus of control has an effect on employee performance, on the other hand not with responsibility. Simultaneously locus of control and responsibility affect employee job satisfaction. To improve the performance of the employees of PDAM Tirtanadi, Tuasan Medan, several suggestions are given in this article.
The Influence of Time Management and Learning Media on Academic Achievement of Office Administration Education Study Program Students
Authors: Ellys Siregar
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of time management and learning media on academic achievement of academic colleges 2018 State University of Medan. The research is an ex-post facto. The population in this study were all students of the 2018 Administration Education Study  Program At The University Of Medan with a total 59 students. The sampling technique in this study used  a total sampling  technique with a sampleof 59 respondents. The data analysis  technique used was normality, linearity test, multicolinearity test, multiple regression analysis, coefficient of determination, and to test hypothesis used the T test, this test was carried  out to measure the effect partially,whle to measure the effect  simultaneously the F test was used. There  is a positive and significant influence between time management on academic achievement of students of the 2018 Economic Administration  Education Study Program At A State University.
Planting in Parking Lots to Improve Perceived Attractiveness and Security
Authors: Anderson L.M. , Stokes Garnett S.
Published: June 2022

This paper describes the effects of vegetation on public perceptions of the attractiveness and security of commercial and residential parking lots. Attractiveness was generally increased by the total amount of vegetation. The sense of security was enhanced by plantings only when the vegetation was well maintained or incorporated in a distinct landscape design. Visibility of building entrances was especially important for security, calling for careful landscape design so that plantings do not obstruct the view of access routes to and from structures. Proper maintenance of structure and grounds enhances both attractiveness and perceived security.
Branch Failures: A Closer Look at Crack Drying
Authors: Shigo Alex L.
Published: June 2022

Branch failures are major causes of damage to property and power lines and of injury to people. The purposes of this paper are to discuss briefly the different ways branches fail, and to present a hypothesis that crack drying may lead to branch failure.
Root System Configuration Affects Transplanting of Honeylocust and English Oak
Authors: Struve D.K. , Sydnor T.D. , Rideout R.
Published: June 2022

Eight cm (approximately 3 inch) diameterGleditsia triacanthos inermis‘Imperial’, Imperial honeylocust, andQuercus robur, English oak, were spring dug bare root and root pruned to one of four root configurations, standard, wide-deep, narrow-deep or wide-shallow, to simulate different ball sizes and shapes had the plants been balled and burlaped. The plants were placed in a healing-in area. Survival, leaf and shoot growth were followed for 18 months. All 40 honeylocust trees survived transplanting while three English oaks died. Honeylocust trees given the narrow-deep and wide-shallow root configurations had larger leaves and longer lateral shoots 18 months after transplanting than trees given standard and wide-deep configurations. English oak trees given wide-deep and wide-shallow root configurations had more shoot and leaf growth than did trees given standard or narrow-deep configurations. English oak recovered from transplanting more rapidly than did honeylocust. For both species, shoot and leaf growth during 1 986 were not significantly correlated with shoot and leaf growth in 1987.
The Influence of Site Factors on the Growth of Urban Trees
Authors: Vrecenak A.J. , Vodak M.C. , Fleming L.E.
Published: June 2022

Nine tree species in four central New Jersey communities were studied to determine the relationship of site factors with the growth of trees in urban areas. The four site variables included: house setback from the road; the presence of competing vegetation; the width of the tree lawn; and the amount of permeable surface beneath the tree crown, Tree growth was measured using a growth ratio index, the ratio of DBH to age for a given tree. The results indicated that although for several species there is a significant linear relationship between growth ratio index and these site factors, the R2 values for the nine species ranged between less than 0.01 and 0.14, indicating that a maximum of 14% of the variation in growth of these species can be explained by the linear models chosen.
Field Evidence ConfirmsCornus kousaDogwood’s Resistance to Anthracnose
Authors: Holmes Francis W. , Hibben Craig R.
Published: June 2022

In a moisture regime very favorable for leaf disease infections (an overhead irrigation system),Cornus Kousatrees were infected by the anthracnose fungus(Disculasp.) and some died. In an adjacent comparable area, but with no overhead irrigation, C.floridatrees were infected and dying but trees of C.kousathat touched them remained healthy…as is usual with that species.
Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Hydrogel Sheet Dressings Fabricated by Gamma Irradiation: Extract and Semi-Direct Contact Tests
Authors: Pimton Pimchanok , Ratphibun Piyanut , Tassaneesuwan Natjira , Chiangnoon Rattanakorn , Uttayarat Pimpon
Published: June 2022

Cytotoxicity presents one of the required criteria in the biological evaluation of medical devices. In this study, the semi-direct contact test was used to evaluate the potential cytotoxicity of hydrogel wound dressings compared to the conventional extract test. Three types of hydrogel sheets were fabricated from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by gamma irradiation: Bare sheets, silver (Ag)-coated sheets, and Aloe vera (AV)-coated sheets. In the extract test, L929 cells were cultured in the extract derived from the elution of hydrogel samples. For the semi-direct contact test, the cells were cultured in situ with the hydrogel samples placed inside transwell inserts above the cell monolayers. At the endpoint of both tests, MTT assay was performed, and the cell viability was determined from the absorbance of formazan. Only the bare and AV-coated hydrogel sheets showed cell viability above the 70 % threshold that ensured the non-cytotoxicity by both tests. For Ag-coated sheets, less than 70 % cell viability occurred when Ag coating was ³ 0.2 mg/cm2. Interestingly, the formazan-depleted area underneath the Ag-coated sample could be clearly observed by the semi-direct contact test. The release of Ag in the form of nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-Vis absorption at 420 nm. In conclusion, the semi-direct contact test can serve as a reliable alternative to the conventional extract test in evaluating the potential cytotoxicity of hydrogel wound dressings.

HIGHLIGHTS

A semi-direct contact test with transwell inserts was investigated as an alternative approach to the conventional extract test in evaluating the cytotoxicity of hydrogel wound dressings

Leachable substances from the hydrogel dressings permeated through the porous membrane of transwell inserts to the reach the cell monolayer underneath

Cell viability results based on MTT assay obtained from semi-direct contact test were in agreement with the extract test

Only the semi-direct contact test provided the visual assessment of localized toxicity caused by the release of silver nanoparticles from hydrogel sheets onto the cell monolayer

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Diagnostic performance and inter-observer variability of CO-RADS in the triage of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection: initial experience in Zagazig University Hospital
Authors: El Sammak Dena Abd El Aziz , Allam Hala M. , Abdelhay Rabab M.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

In many healthcare settings in developing nations, multislice computed tomography (MSCT) imaging may be the only available diagnostic modality for patients with suspected COVID-19 infection, due to a shortage of laboratory kits. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and interobserver variability of CO-RADS (COVID-19 Reporting and Data System) in the triage of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection in Zagazig University Hospital.

Material and methods

This study included 2500 patients with suspected COVID-19 infection, mean age 60.61 years ± 13.89. 61.4% were male. Unstable patients requiring urgent invasive ventilation, acute coronary syndrome patients, pregnant females, and patients with RT-PCR results available prior to MSCT were excluded from this study. RT-PCR was performed in all patients included in the study.

Results

Fever and dry cough were the most common clinical symptoms, detected in 80.16% and 52.00%, respectively. The most common comorbidities were cardiovascular diseases, followed by chronic lung disease and diabetes, found in 27.36%, 22.80%, and 18.00%, respectively. Of the 1500 RT-PCR-positive patients, 40% had CO-RADS score 5, while 3.4% had CO-RADS score 1. Of the 1000 RT-PCR-negative patients, 36% had CO-RADS score 2 and 1% were scored as CO-RADS 5. There was excellent agreement in the studied patients as the weighted κ value was 0.846, which was more pronounced at CO-RADS 5 (24.40%). The sensitivity of CO-RADS was higher in the 2nd scenario (83.27% vs. 55.27%) while the specificity was higher in the 1st scenario (95% vs. 65%).

Conclusions

The CO-RADS scoring system is a sensitive and specific method that can help in the diagnosis of COVID-19 during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. CO-RADS is a triage test in resource-constrained environments, assisting in the optimization of RT-PCR tests, isolation beds, and intensive care units.
KERAGAAN USAHATANI LAHAN KERING PADA PETANI TRANSMIGRAN (Studi Kasus di Desa Saritani Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Boalemo)
Authors: Ardiansyah Widiastuti , Indrianti Merita Ayu , Djibran Moh. Muchlis , Hippy Dedi Rizaldi
Published: June 2022

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaan usahatani lahankering pada petani transmigran di Desa Saritani Kecamatan WonosariKabupaten Boalemo yang meliputi jenis komoditi, pola kombinasiusahatani lahan kering dan tingkat pendapatan usahatani dalamkegiatan usahatani. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 73 petani yangtersebar di tiga dusun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 16 jeniskomoditi usahatani dan 21 pola kombinasi usahatani yang dilakukanoleh petani. Jenis komoditi yang diusahakan terdiri dari tanamanpangan (jagung dan padi), tanaman perkebunan (kelapa, kelapa sawitdan kopi), tanaman tahunan (cengkeh) dan hortikultura (sayur danbuah). Ketersediaan tenaga kerja tersedia dalam jumlah cukup banyak.Produktivitas lahan usahatani rendah, hal ini karena kondisi dantopografi lahan di sebagian besar lahan usahatani merupakan lahankering yang mengandalkan curah hujan dan kontur lahan berbukit.Tingkat pendapatan usahatani untuk tanaman yang banyak diusahakanoleh petani cukup baik dan menguntungkan namun harga jual ditingkat petani relatif rendah.Kata Kunci : Keragaan, usahatani, lahan kering, petani, transmigrasi

 

AbstractThis study aims to determine the performance of dry land farmingon transmigrant farmers in Saritani Village, Wonosari District,Boalemo Regency which includes the type of commodity, thecombination pattern of dry land farming and the level of farm incomein farming activities. The study was conducted on 73 farmers spreadover three hamlets. The results showed that there were 16 types offarming commodities and 21 combination patterns of farming carriedout by farmers. The types of commodities cultivated consist of foodcrops (corn and rice), plantation crops (coconut, oil palm and coffee),annual crops (cloves) and horticulture (vegetables and fruit).Availability of labor available in sufficient quantities. The productivityof farming land is low, this is because the condition and topography ofthe land in most of the farming land is dry land that relies on rainfalland hilly land contours. The level of farming income for crops that aremostly cultivated by farmers is quite good and profitable, but theselling price at the farm level is relatively low.Key words: Performance, farming, dry land, farmers, transmigration
Size-Resolved Dust Direct Radiative Effect Efficiency Derived from Satellite Observations
Authors: Song Qianqian , Zhang Zhibo , Yu Hongbin , Kok Jasper F. , Di Biagio Claudia , Albani Samuel , Zheng Jianyu , Ding Jiachen
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The role of mineral dust aerosol in global radiative energy budget is often quantified by the dust direct radiative effect (DRE). The dust DRE strongly depends on dust aerosol optical depth (DAOD), therefore, DRE efficiency (DREE=DRE/DAOD) is widely compared across different studies to eliminate difference due to the various dust load. Nevertheless, DREE is still influenced by the uncertainties associated with dust particle size distribution (PSD) and optical properties. In this study, we derive a global clear-sky size-resolved DREE dataset in both shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) at top of the atmosphere (TOA) and surface based on satellite observations (i.e., satellite-retrieved dust extinction spatial and vertical distributions). In the DREE dataset, dust geometric diameter from 0.1µm to 100 µm is divided into 10 bins and the corresponding monthly mean DREE (with respect to DAOD at 532 nm) for each size bin is derived by using the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM). Three sets of state-of-the-art dust refractive indices (RI) and two sets of dust shape models (sphere vs. spheroid) are adopted to investigate the sensitivity of dust DREE to dust absorption and shape. As a result, the size-resolved dust DREE dataset contains globally distributed monthly mean dust DREE at TOA and surface for each of 10 size bins with 5° (longitude) × 2° (latitude) resolution as well as for each dust RI and shape combination. The size-resolved dust DREE dataset can be used to readily calculate global dust DRE for any DAOD and dust PSD, including the uncertainty in the DRE induced by dust microphysical properties (e.g., dust PSD, RI and shape). By calculating dust DRE based on DAOD climatology retrieved from different satellite sensors and based on different dust PSD, we find that uncertainty in the spatial pattern of DAOD induces more than 10 % of the uncertainty in SW dust DRE at TOA. The observation-based dust PSD induces around 15 %~20 % uncertainty in dust DRE at TOA and in the atmosphere. The sensitivity assessments of dust DRE to dust RI and shape further suggest that dust non-sphericity induces a negligible effect on dust DRE estimations, while dust RI turns out to be the most important factor in determining dust DRE, particularly in SW.
Dust pollution in China affected by different spatial and temporal types of El Niño
Authors: Yang Yang , Zeng Liangying , Wang Hailong , Wang Pinya , Liao Hong
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Dust is an important aerosol affecting air quality in China in winter and spring that is potentially influenced by the interannual climate variability associated with El Niño. In this study, the effects of different temporal and spatial types of El Niño on dust pollution in winter and spring in China and the potential mechanisms are investigated using the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (E3SMv1). We find that the Eastern Pacific (EP) and Central Pacific (CP) El Niño both increase wintertime dust concentrations by 5–50 µg m-3 over central-eastern China. Due to a stronger wind and lower relative humidity, which favor dust emissions near sources, and a strengthened northwesterly and reduced precipitation, which are conducive to dust transport, dust concentrations during the CP El Niño are 5–20 µg m-3 higher in northern China than during the EP El Niño. El Niño with a short duration (SD) increases winter dust concentrations by 20–100 µg m-3 over northern China relative to the climatological mean, while there is a decrease of 5–50 µg m-3 during the long duration (LD) El Niño, which are also related to the El Niño-induced changes in atmospheric circulation, precipitation, and relative humidity. In the following spring season, all types of El Niño events lead to an increase in dust over the northern China, but only the increase during the LD El Niño is statistically significant, suggesting that the weaker intensity but longer duration of the LD El Niño events can significantly affect spring dust in China. Our results contribute a better understanding of the influence of different types of El Niño events on dust pollution in China, which have profound implications for air pollution control and dust storm prediction.
A modelling study of an extreme rainfall event along the northern coast of Taiwan on 2 June 2017
Authors: Wang Chung-Chieh , Yeh Ting-Yu , Li Ming-Siang , Tsuboki Kazuhisa , Liu Ching-Hwang
Published: June 2022

Abstract. In this study, the extreme rainfall event on 2 June 2017 along the northern coast of Taiwan is studied from a modeling perspective. While a peak amount of 645 mm was observed, two 1-km experiments produced about 400 and 541 mm, respectively, using different initial and boundary conditions, and thus are compared to isolate the key reasons for a higher total amount in the second run. While the conditions in frontal intensity and its slow movement are similar in both runs, the frontal rainband remains stationary for a long period in this second run due to a frontal disturbance that acts to enhance the pre-frontal southwesterly flow and focus its convergence with the post-frontal flow right across the coastline. Identified as the key difference, this low-pressure disturbance is supported by the observation, and without it in the first run, multiple slow-moving rainbands pass through the coastal region and produce more widely spread but less concentrated rainfall, resulting in the lower peak amount by comparison. To explore and test the effects of Taiwan’s topography in this event, three 3-km runs are also used. It is found that the removal of the terrain in northern Taiwan makes only minor differences, in contrast to the result of a recent study. Only when the entire island topography of Taiwan is removed, does the result show significant differences. In this case, the blocking and deflecting effects on the pre-frontal flow are absent, and the heavy rainfall in northern Taiwan does not occur.
Wintertime Saharan dust transport towards the Caribbean: an airborne lidar case study during EUREC4A
Authors: Gutleben Manuel , Groß Silke , Heske Christian , Wirth Martin
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Wintertime Saharan dust plumes in the vicinity of Barbados are investigated by means of airborne lidar measurements.
The measurements were conducted in the framework of the EUREC4A (Elucidating the Role of Cloud-Circulation Coupling in Climate) field experiment upstream the Caribbean island in January–February 2020.
The combination of the water vapor differential absorption and high spectral resolution lidar techniques together with dropsonde measurements aboard the German HALO (High Altitude and Long-Range) research aircraft enable a detailed vertical and horizontal characterization of the measured dust plumes.
In contrast to summertime dust transport, mineral dust aerosols were transported at lower altitudes and were always located below 3.5 km.
Calculated backward trajectories affirm that the dust-laden layers have been transported in nearly constant low-level altitude over the North Atlantic Ocean.
Only mixtures of dust particles with other aerosol species, i.e., biomass-burning aerosol from fires in West Africa and marine aerosol, were detected by the lidar.
No pure mineral dust regimes were observed.
Additionally, all the dust-laden air masses that were observed during EUREC4A came along with enhanced water vapor concentrations compared with the free atmosphere above.
Such enhancements have already been observed during summertime and were found to have a great impact on radiative transfer and atmospheric stability.
Quantification of lightning-produced NOx over the Pyrenees and the Ebro Valley by using different TROPOMI-NO2 and cloud research products
Authors: Pérez-Invernón Francisco J. , Huntrieser Heidi , Erbertseder Thilo , Loyola Diego , Valks Pieter , Liu Song , Allen Dale J. , Pickering Kenneth E. , Bucsela Eric J. , Jöckel Patrick , van Geffen Jos , Eskes Henk , Soler Sergio , Gordillo-Vázquez Francisco J. , Lapierre Jeff
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Lightning, one of the major sources of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the atmosphere, contributes to the tropospheric
concentration of ozone and to the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere. Lightning produces between 2 and 8 Tg N yr−1 globally and on average about 250 ± 150 mol NOx per flash. In this work, we estimate the moles of NOx produced per flash
(LNOx production efficiency) in the Pyrenees (Spain, France and Andorra) and in the Ebro Valley (Spain) by using nitrogen
dioxide (NO2) and cloud properties from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) as well as lightning data
from the Earth Networks Global Lightning Network (ENGLN) and from the EUropean Co-operation for LIghtning Detection
(EUCLID). The Pyrenees are one of the areas in Europe with the highest lightning frequencies, which, along with their remoteness as
well as their very low NOx background, enables us to better distinguish the LNOx signal produced by recent lightning in TROPOMI NO2 measurements. We compare the LNOx production efficiency estimates for eight convective systems in 2018 using two different sets of TROPOMI research products provided by the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) and the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR). According to our results, the mean LNOx production
efficiency in the Pyrenees and in the Ebro Valley, using a 3 h chemical lifetime, ranges between 14 and 103 mol NOx
per flash from the eight systems. The mean LNOx production efficiency estimates obtained using both TROPOMI products and ENGLN lightning data differ by ∼ 23 %, while they differ by ∼ 35 % when using EUCLID lightning data. The main sources of uncertainty when using ENGLN lightning data are the estimation of background NOx that is not produced by lightning and the time window before the TROPOMI overpass that is used to count the total number of lightning flashes contributing to
freshly produced LNOx. The main source of uncertainty when using EUCLID lightning data is the uncertainty in the detection
efficiency of EUCLID.
Interactions between the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere during droughts and heatwaves: impact on surface ozone over Southwestern Europe
Authors: Guion Antoine , Turquety Solène , Cholakian Arineh , Polcher Jan , Ehret Antoine , Lathière Juliette
Published: June 2022

Abstract. At high concentration, tropospheric O3 deteriorates air quality, inducing adverse effects on human and ecosystem health. Meteorological conditions are key to understand the variability of O3 concentration, especially during extreme weather events. They modify the photochemistry activity and the vegetation state. An important source of uncertainties and inaccuracy in simulating surface O3 during droughts and heatwaves is the lack of interactions between the biosphere and the troposphere. Based on the biogenic emission model MEGAN v2.1 and the chemistry-transport model CHIMERE v2020r1, the first objective of this study is to assess the sensitivity of biogenic emissions, O3 dry deposition and surface O3 to biomass decrease and soil dryness effect (using several configurations) during the extremely dry summer 2012. Secondly, this research aims at quantifying the variation of observed (EEA’s air quality database, 2000–2016) and simulated (CHIMERE, 2012–2014) surface O3 during summer heatwaves and agricultural droughts that have been identified using the Percentile Limit Anomalies (PLA) method. Our sensitivity analysis shows that soil dryness is a key factor during drought events, decreasing considerably the C5H8 emissions and O3 dry deposition velocity. This effect has a larger impact than the biomass decrease. However, the resulting effect on surface O3 remains limited. Based on a cluster approach using the PLA indicator, we show that observed O3 concentration is on average significantly higher during heatwaves (+18 μg/m3 in daily maximum) and droughts (+9 μg/m3) compared to normal conditions. Despite a difference of several μg/m3, CHIMERE correctly simulates the variations of O3 concentration between the clusters of extreme events. The overall increase of surface O3 during both heatwaves and droughts would be explained by O3 precursor emission enhancement (in agreement with HCHO satellite observations), O3 dry deposition decrease and favourable weather conditions. However, we simulated a decrease of C5H8 emissions (in agreement with HCHO observations) during droughts not accompanied by a heatwave, resulting in a non-significant difference of surface O3 compared to normal conditions (from both observations and simulations). Finally, we stress that considerable uncertainties characterize our simulated surface-troposphere interactions. Multi-year flux measurements would contribute to better assess the model performance. Nevertheless, we emphasize the need for a more dynamical representation of interactions between vegetation, hydrology, meteorology and atmospheric chemistry in models in order to improve the simulation of summer O3.
Influence of heterogeneous thermal conductivity on the long-term evolution of the lower mantle thermochemical structure: implications for primordial reservoirs
Authors: Guerrero Joshua Martin , Deschamps Frédéric , Li Yang , Hsieh Wen-Pin , Tackley Paul James
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The long-term evolution of the mantle is simulated using 2D spherical annulus geometry to examine the effect of heterogeneous thermal conductivity on the stability of reservoirs of primordial material. In numerical models, mantle conductivity is often emulated using purely depth-dependent profiles (taking on values between 3 and 9 Wm-1 K-1). This approach is meant to synthesize the mean conductivities of mantle materials at their respective conditions in-situ. However, because conductivity depends also on temperature and composition, the effects of these dependencies in mantle conductivity is masked. This issue is significant because dynamically evolving temperature and composition introduce lateral variations in conductivity, especially in the deep-mantle. Minimum and maximum variations in conductivity are due to the temperatures of plumes and slabs, respectively, and depth-dependence directly controls the amplitude of the conductivity (and its variations) across the mantle depth. Our simulations allow assessing the consequences of these variations on mantle dynamics, in combination with the reduction of thermochemical pile conductivity with iron composition, which has so far not been well examined. We find that the temperature- and depth- variations combined characterize the mean conductivity ratio from top-to-bottom. For the mean conductivity profile to be comparable to the conductivity often assumed in numerical models, the depth- dependent ratio must be at least 9 times the surface conductivity. When the conductivity profile is underestimated, the imparted thermal buoyancy (from heat-producing element (HPE) enrichment) destabilizes the reservoirs and influences core-mantle boundary (CMB) coverage configuration and the onset of entrainment. The compositional correction for conductivity only plays a minor role that behaves similarly to conductivity reduction due to temperature. Nevertheless, this effect may be amplified when depth- dependence is increased. For the cases we examine, when the lowermost mantle's mean conductivity is greater than the surface conductivity, reservoirs can remain stable for periods exceeding the age of the solar system.
The push and pull of abandoned channels: how floodplain processes and healing affect avulsion dynamics and alluvial landscape evolution in foreland basins
Authors: Martin Harrison K. , Edmonds Douglas A.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. River avulsions are an important mechanism by which sediment is routed and
emplaced in foreland basins. However, because avulsions occur infrequently,
we lack observational data that might inform where, when, and why avulsions
occur and these issues are instead often investigated by rule-based
numerical models. These models have historically simplified or neglected the effects of abandoned channels on avulsion dynamics, even though fluvial
megafans in foreland basins are characteristically covered in abandoned
channels. Here, we investigate the pervasiveness of abandoned channels on
modern fluvial megafan surfaces. Then, we present a physically based
cellular model that parameterizes interactions between a single avulsing
river and abandoned channels in a foreland basin setting. We investigate how abandoned channels affect avulsion setup, pathfinding, and landscape
evolution. We demonstrate and discuss how the processes of abandoned channel inheritance and transient knickpoint propagation post-avulsion serve to shortcut the time necessary to set up successive avulsions. Then, we address the idea that abandoned channels can both repel and attract future pathfinding flows under different conditions. By measuring the distance between the mountain front and each avulsion over long (106 to 107 years) timescales, we show that increasing abandoned channel repulsion serves to push avulsions farther from the mountain front, while increasing attraction pulls avulsions proximally. Abandoned channels do not persist forever, and we test possible channel healing scenarios (deposition-only, erosion-only, and far-field-directed) and show that only the final scenario achieves dynamic equilibrium without completely filling accommodation space. We also observe megafan growth occurring via ∼100 000-year cycles of lobe switching but only in our runs that employ deposition-only or erosion-only healing modes. Finally, we highlight opportunities for future field work and remote sensing efforts to inform our understanding of the role that floodplain topography, including abandoned channels, plays on avulsion dynamics.
Yukon River incision coupled to CO2 drawdown during late Cenozoic climate changes
Authors: Bender Adrian M. , Lease Richard O. , Corbett Lee B. , Bierman Paul R. , Caffee Marc W. , Jones James V. , Kreiner Doug
Published: June 2022

Abstract. River erosion affects the carbon cycle and thus climate by exporting terrigenous carbon to seafloor sediment and by nourishing CO2-consuming marine life. The Yukon River-Bering Sea system preserves rare source-to-sink records of these processes across profound changes in global climate during the past five million years (Ma). Here, we expand the terrestrial erosion record by dating terraces along the Charley River, and explore linkages among previously published Yukon River tributary incision chronologies and Bering Sea sedimentation. Cosmogenic 26Al/10Be isochron burial ages of Charley River terraces match previously documented central Yukon River tributary incision from 2.6 to 1.6 Ma during Pliocene–Pleistocene glacial expansion, and at 1.1 Ma during the 1.2–0.7 Ma mid-Pleistocene climate transition. Bering Sea sediments preserve 2–4-fold rate increases of Yukon River-derived continental detritus, terrestrial and marine organic carbon, and silicate microfossil deposition at 2.6–2.1 Ma and 1.1–0.8 Ma. These tightly coupled records demonstrate elevated terrigenous nutrient and carbon export and concomitant Bering Sea productivity in response to climate-forced Yukon River incision. Carbon burial related to accelerated terrestrial erosion may explain CO2 drawdown across the Pliocene–Pleistocene and mid-Pleistocene climate transitions observed in many proxy records worldwide.
Effect of Flexible Work Arrangements on Employees’ Well-being, Job Satisfaction, and Work Performance in Morocco: A Case Study
Authors: ZERHOUNI Lamiae
Published: June 2022

Nowadays employees are consumed with a number of family responsibilities and other personal problems besides the demands of their workplace. In fact, most people lack the ability to efficiently manage all these things, and this leads to an unhealthy amount of stress, an imbalance between work and personal life, and a potential job dissatisfaction. This is why it is important for managers to come up with different practices to help employees find a balance, and hence increase their overall productivity and work performance. One-way managers achieve this is by including one or more types of Flexible Work Arrangements (FWAs). This study aims to look at the effects of FWAs on employees’ wellbeing, job satisfaction work performance among the employees of Pastel Agency Services, Morocco. The paper will be organized in Three different chapters. The first chapter is an introduction to the concept of FWAs and a statement of the problem, purpose, questions, hypotheses and methodology adopted in the study. The second chapter is a review of the literature. The third and final chapter presents and discusses the findings of the study.
Complete SOSIALISASI TENTANG CUCI TANGAN DAN SOSIAL DISTANCING / MENJAGA JARAK YANG BENAR PADA MASA PADEMI COVID-19
Authors: Sayati Dewi Sayati
Published: June 2022

Pandemi coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) telah merusak baik sekolah maupun universitas di dunia sistem pendidikan yang mengakibatkan penutupan.Menurut data dari Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Indonesia masuk daftar 20 besar di dunia. Tepatnya berada di posisi ke-18. Dengan angka kasus mencapai 1.837.126 (per 24 Juni 2021), dan angka kematian mencapai 51.059. Perlu adanya upaya pencegahan penanggulangan penyebaran COVID-19. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman para peserta sosialisasi dan menerapkan protocol kesehatan 5M sebagai penanggulangan covid0-19, serta dapat mengaplikasinyannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari terhadap himbauan pemerintah tentang tindakan protokol kesehatan. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat yaitu berupa sosialisasi atau penyuluhan dengan metode ceramah pada peserta yang di SMK Bina Jaya Palembang, kemudian diberikan leaflet tentang Cuci Tangan dan Sosial Distancing / Menjaga Jarak Yang Benar Pada Masa Pademi Covid-19Di SMK Bina Jaya Palembang, sebanyak 17 orang. Hasil kegiatan sosialisasi terhadap peserta menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman para peserta mengenai materi yang diberikan dengan jumlah skor dalam presentase sebesar 86%. Materi yang disampaikan dapat dimengerti oleh setiap peserta sosialisasi dan juga dirasakan sangat bermanfaat, yang pada akhirnya dapat merubah siswa/siswi di SMK Bina Jaya Palembangkearah yang positif yaitu dapat dan selalu mengaplikasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya dengan melaksanakan himbauan pemerintah tentang Cuci Tangan dan Sosial Distancing / Menjaga Jarak Yang Benar Pada Masa Pademi Covid-19 Di SMK Bina Jaya Palembang. Kesimpulannya bahwa meningkatnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman para siswa/siswi tentang Cuci Tangan Yang Benar dan Sosial Distancing / Menjaga Jarak Pada Masa Pademi Covid-19. Disarankan kepada seluruh peserta yang belum mengetahui dan memahami tentang Cuci Tangan dan Sosial Distancing / Menjaga Jarak Yang Benar Pada Masa Pademi Covid-19, agar lebih meningkatkan pengetahuan dan memahami Penerapan Protokol Kesehatan 5M secara umum dan Cuci Tangan dan Sosial Distancing / Menjaga Jarak khususnya sebagai Penanggulangan Covid-19 Di SMK Bina Jaya Palembang.