bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual-layer spectral-detector CT for detecting liver steatosis by using proton density fat fraction as reference
Authors: Wang Min , Chen Hongyu , Ma Yue , Bai Ruobing , Gao Sizhe , Yang Linlin , Guo Wenli , Zhang Cong , Kang Chengjun , Lan Yu , Sun Yanqiu , Zhang Yonggao , Xiao Xigang , Hou Yang
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of liver dual-layer spectral-detector CT (SDCT) derived parameters of liver parenchyma for grading steatosis with reference to magnetic resonance imaging-based proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF).

Methods

Altogether, 320 consecutive subjects who underwent MRI-PDFF and liver SDCT examinations were recruited and prospectively enrolled from four Chinese hospital centers. Participants were classified into normal (n = 152), mild steatosis (n = 110), and moderate/severe(mod/sev) steatosis (n = 58) groups based on MRI-PDFF. SDCT liver parameters were evaluated using conventional polychromatic CT images (CTpoly), virtual mono-energetic images at 40 keV (CT40kev), the slope of the spectral attenuation curve (λ), the effective atomic number (Zeff), and liver to spleen attenuation ratio (L/S ratio). Linearity between SDCT liver parameters and MRI-PDFF was examined using Spearman correlation. Cutoff values for SDCT liver parameters in determining steatosis grades were identified using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses.

Results

SDCT liver parameters demonstrated a strong correlation with PDFF, particularly Zeff (rs = −0.856; p < 0.001). Zeff achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.930 for detecting the presence of steatosis with a sensitivity of 89.4%, a specificity of 82.4%, and an AUC of 0.983 for detecting mod/sev steatosis with a sensitivity of 93.1%, a specificity of 93.5%, the corresponding cutoff values were 7.12 and 6.94, respectively. Zeff also exhibited good diagnostic performance for liver steatosis grading in subgroups, independent of body mass index.

Conclusion

SDCT liver parameters, particularly Zeff, exhibit excellent diagnostic accuracy for grading steatosis.

Critical relevance statement

Dual-layer SDCT parameter, Zeff, as a more convenient and accurate imaging biomarker may serve as an alternative indicator for MRI-based proton density fat fraction, exploring the stage and prognosis of liver steatosis, and even metabolic risk assessment.

Key Points

Liver biopsy is the standard for grading liver steatosis, but is limited by its invasive nature.

The diagnostic performance of liver steatosis using SDCT-Zeff outperforms conventional CT parameters.

SDCT-Zeff accurately and noninvasively assessed the grade of liver steatosis.

Graphical Abstract
Where is dinner? The spatiality of the trophic niche of terrestrial mammalian carnivores in Chile, a systematization for their conservation
Authors: Vallejos-Garrido Paulo , Zamora-Cornejo Francisca , Rivera Reinaldo , Castillo-Ravanal Francis , Rodríguez-Serrano Enrique
Published: August 2024

Knowing what the highest-level mammalian carnivores and intermediate levels eat throughout the geography and how human activities may affect their community dynamics is relevant information to focusing and deciding on conservation efforts within a territory. In this review, we characterize geographically the accumulated knowledge about the trophic niche of terrestrial mammalian carnivore species and evaluate the spatial relationship between the species richness distribution and the geographical distribution of their trophic knowledge in Chile. We found 88 peer-reviewed papers that include trophic studies per se, theses, and short notes carried out in Chile, where at least one trophic element was reported for terrestrial mammalian carnivore species. We found a positive relationship between the species richness distribution pattern and the spatial distribution of accumulated trophic knowledge, i.e., most of the papers have been conducted in Central-southern Chile (Central Chile and Temperate Forest ecoregions) responding to the highest co-occurrence of carnivore species within the limits of the biodiversity hotspot, the most threatened area in the country. Despite this general relationship, we recognize gaps in knowledge regarding regions of the country that require more research effort, such as O’Higgins, Maule, and Ñuble regions, as well as focus efforts on certain species with no or almost no knowledge of their trophic ecology, such as Leopardus colocola, Lyncodon patagonicus and Conepatus chinga. Except for the northern Chilean ecosystems, there is a generalized report of high consumption of exotic mammals in the diet of carnivores in the center and south of the country. However, of the 98 localities recognized in the 88 papers, 20.4% correspond to an anthropized environment, while most (79.6%) correspond to a “non-anthropized” environment or protected area. We hope this review allows researchers and decision-makers to consider the knowledge and lack thereof of carnivore trophic interactions as an opportunity to conserve entire natural communities throughout the Chilean territory.
Perceived autonomy support in individuals with Parkinson’s disease requiring emergency care: a cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Florijn Barend W. , van Zwet Erik W. , Kaptein Ad. A. , van der Plas Anne A.
Published: August 2024

Background

Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) report a diminished perceived functional autonomy as their condition progresses. For those seeking emergency care, it is unknown whether the patient-physician relationship is instrumental in respecting patient autonomy. This study evaluated patient autonomy ideals in individuals with PD requiring emergency care and the perceived support for autonomy from emergency department physicians.

Method

Individuals with PD (n = 36, average age 78.1 years) were surveyed using the Ideal Patient Autonomy questionnaire (IPA) and the Health Care Climate Questionnaire (HCCQ). A multivariable regression analysis assessed whether patients’ Hoehn and Yahr stage and IPA questionnaire results predicted HCCQ items.

Results

The IPA questionnaire revealed that individuals with PD in need of emergency care emphasize the significance of medical expertise (IPA ‘doctor should decide’ theme 0.71) in decision-making and their desire to be fully informed about all potential risks (IPA ‘obligatory risk information’ theme 0.71). The average HCCQ values showed a decreasing trend across Hoehn and Yahr stages 1 to 5: 6.19, 6.03, 5.83, 5.80, and 5.23, respectively. HY scale values also influenced HCCQ items related to the physician’s role.

Conclusion

In our cohort, individuals with Parkinson’s disease tend to rely on medical expertise for decision-making and prioritize complete risk information during emergency care. However, this autonomy support diminishes as functional disability levels increase.
Is hyperammonemia helpful in detecting syndromic tubulopathies with early extrarenal manifestations? A case report of Lowe’s syndrome
Authors: Jędzura Agnieszka , Dębowska Monika , Adamczyk Piotr
Published: August 2024

Background

Generally, it is not well known that Lowe’s syndrome may coexist with hyperammonemia and hipocarnitynemia. The importance of hyperammonemia in the diagnosis of kidney diseases is not completely understood.

Case presentation

We present the history of a 13-year-old boy, admitted to the hospital due to proteinuria. In the past, the boy was diagnosed with binocular cataracts in infancy. Then he went through neurological diagnostic tests which diagnosed muscular hypotonia and psychomotor retardation but no inherited errors of metabolism were found. Proteinuria has been observed since the age of 2. Ultrasound imaging at the age of 5 showed the presence of a shading deposit in the kidney. At the age of 13, the boy was referred to the Pediatric Nephrology Ward. The laboratory tests revealed: a reduction of glomerular filtration rate, metabolic acidosis, proteinuria, hypercalciuria, increased activity of AST (SGOT), CK, LDH, hyperammonemia, and decreased concentration of total carnitine in blood serum. Based on the clinical presentation, Lowe’s syndrome was diagnosed. The genetic testing revealed an OCRL gene hemizygous mutation.

Conclusion

Lowe’s syndrome is an example of a disease in which clinical symptoms—although occurring early and in high intensity—may not raise the suspicion of tubulopathy for a long time if they are not analyzed in a complex manner. There is a necessity to educate healthcare practitioners from other fields about the extrarenal symptoms of genetically determined tubulopathies.

l-carnitine deficiency may be a symptom of proximal tubulopathy, including Lowe’s syndrome. l-carnitine deficiency leads to disturbances in the efficiency of the urea cycle, which results in hyperammonemia. Hyperammonemia is not only a symptom of inborn errors of metabolism and liver failure, but it may also lead to the diagnosis of tubulopathy.

Since carnitine supplementation could have the desired beneficial effect on the patient’s general condition, it is postulated to conduct further studies on larger groups of patients with Lowe’s syndrome.
Efficient power conversion with four switch soft-switching boost integrated half-bridge dual-output series resonant converter
Authors: Kumar Parveen , Patthi Sridhar , Prakhya Rajesh Kumar , Rao J. V. G. Rama , Rayudu K.
Published: August 2024

Soft switching reduces voltage and current stress during transitions, smoothing and quieting operations and reducing electromagnetic interference while also increasing efficiency and equipment lifespan. Circuit design, component selection, and switching frequency optimization affect power electronics soft switching. This paper proposes boost integrated half-bridge dual-output series resonant (BIHBDOSR) converter, a novel converter design and control method to increase series resonant converter performance by reducing storage element size, switch count, and switching losses. This methodology relies on soft-switching technologies like zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-current switching (ZCS). These methods use class-D, class-E, series, parallel, and series–parallel resonant converter circuits to increase efficiency and minimize component stress. The proposed converter is ideal for constant voltage, constant power, and current-controlled loads with the output voltage being regulated by a closed-loop PI controller. The output voltages for two loads in the simulation depart from reference values. V01 changes from 14 to 20 V and V02 from 18 to 15 V at 300 ms owing to switching variances. The proposed converter utilizes gate driver circuits, resonant tank circuit, current sensor, FPGA board for closed-loop control, and current sensor for stability, ensuring converter stability. The proposed converter closed-loop control method modifies PWM signals to regulate both loads independently and ensure steady output voltage. Additionally, to validate the effectiveness of proposed converter, a 50-W driver circuit is designed, delivering two independent outputs of 20 W and 30 W. Frequency modulation (FM) and duty cycle control methods are employed to obtain the desired outputs.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) array: an array of hope for genetic improvement of aquatic species and fisheries management
Authors: Rasal Kiran D. , Kumar Pokanti Vinay , Asgolkar Prachi , Shinde Siba , Dhere Siyag , Siriyappagouder Prabhugouda , Sonwane Arvind , Brahmane Manoj , Sundaray Jitendra K. , Goswami Mukunda , Nagpure Naresh
Published: August 2024

In recent years, significant progress in genomic technologies has revolutionized the field of aquaculture. These advancements have facilitated the utilization of DNA markers, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), to enhance the genetic characteristics of aquatic species, leading to overall improvements in economically important traits. A SNP array or panel is a DNA microarray designed with probes for SNP locations, allowing the identification of specific alleles in a DNA sample through hybridization with fragmented DNA. SNP arrays are known for their efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and automation, making them a high-throughput method for genotyping. Thus, genome scale SNP genotyping, aided by SNP arrays and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), has transformed aquaculture genetics. Recently, multi-species arrays allow researchers to study closely related species simultaneously, reducing costs and enabling comparative genomics and resource sharing. In this paper, we reviewed the global advancements in SNP array development for key aquaculture species and highlighted their applications in genetic selection and fisheries management. SNP panels, commonly used in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), leverage population linkage disequilibrium (LD) to pinpoint genetic variants associated with production or performance traits. Using genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) derived from SNP data offers enhanced selection accuracy compared to traditional pedigree based methods, especially when dealing with challenging traits in aquatic species. Overall, the study indicates that high-density SNP panels offer a consistent and reliable tool for genotyping across diverse breeding populations. This technology has demonstrated versatility and efficiency, being applied in genomic selection, genome characterization, population genomics, and QTL mapping in aquatic species. The growing accumulation of genomic information and the abundance of SNPs in aquaculture species have driven the demand for efficient and cost effective genotyping techniques in genetic improvement programs and fisheries management.
Social psychiatry in Oxford and its ecological niche, 1959–1988
Authors: Poole Rob
Published: August 2024

This paper reflects on a special edition of the journal History of Psychiatry and a related symposium held at Somerville College, Oxford, exploring the innovations in mental healthcare in Oxfordshire led by Dr Bertram Mandelbrote between 1959 and 1988. I draw on clinical culture, biography, mental health policy and my lived experience to understand Mandelbrote's life and work, and his legacy and lessons for contemporary psychiatrists. I explore the ecological niche that Mandelbrote created and conclude with the probable importance of his relationship with Professor Michael Gelder, who led the University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry at the time.
The Prevalence of Spondylolysis and the Diagnostic Sensitivity of Radiography in Adolescent Low Back Pain
Authors: Sweeney Emily A. , Rodenberg Richard E. , Howell David R. , MacDonald James P.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The aims of this retrospective chart review were to determine the prevalence of radiographically positive spondylolysis based on the historical “gold standard” of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and to evaluate the sensitivity of radiographs in detecting spondylolysis relative to SPECT scans in adolescent athletes presenting with low back pain (LBP). Our secondary outcome measure included an assessment of the variable prevalence of spondylolysis in different athletic subpopulations.

Methods

Radiographs and SPECT scans for patients with LBP were reviewed for the presence of spondylolysis. The sensitivity and specificity of two-view and four-view radiographs compared to SPECT scans were calculated, and the associations between diagnosis of spondylolysis and age, gender, and sport were determined.

Results

Nine hundred ninety-nine adolescent patients presented with LBP; 405 SPECT scans were performed. Of those, 141 (35%) SPECT scans were positive for spondylolysis. The prevalence rate for spondylolysis in this population who presented with LBP was 14%. Compared to SPECT scans, two-view radiographs were more specific (92.93%) and had a higher negative likelihood ratio (0.81) for spondylolysis than four-view radiographs. Boys were more likely to have a positive SPECT scan compared to girls (adjusted odds ratio, 6.07; 95% confidence interval, 3.00–12.26). Younger age was significantly associated with a spondylolysis diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.41). Lacrosse, soccer, softball, and volleyball athletes had a significantly lower risk of spondylolysis diagnosis compared to football and gymnastics athletes.

Conclusions

This research contributes to data regarding the prevalence of spondylolysis in symptomatic, adolescent athletes. Two-view radiographs were more useful screening tests for spondylolysis than four-view radiographs. Younger athletes, boys, and those who participate in certain sports were more likely to have evidence of spondylolysis on SPECT scans.
Incentivizing green building technology: A financial perspective on sustainable development in India
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , singh Rajesh , Goel Richa , Singh Tilottama , Priyadarshi Neeraj , Twala Bhekisipho
Published: August 2024

Future viability depends on ensuring a sustainable society because green energy methods may efficiently reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, stakeholders, consumers, and developers continue to be notably ignorant of the financial incentives connected to green technology. Moreover, there is still a dearth of studies on the range of financial incentives offered by different authorities in India. Monetary incentives, such as tax breaks, indirect tax exemptions, and refunds, are crucial in encouraging the use of green technology in the modern world. This study explores the importance of financial incentives for green building technologies in India, which also looks at the wide range of incentives provided by federal, state, and local governments. Furthermore, the study highlights various state government programs such as goods subsidies, exemptions from local taxes, and fee waivers. Notably, several incentives aimed at consumers, developers, and other stakeholders have been implemented by the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC). This review study emphasizes the effectiveness of financial incentives in green construction projects and draws attention to a clear knowledge gap regarding the adoption of green technology. This study also provides insights into potential future directions. Studies and research results emphasize the importance of spreading the word about financial incentives as a key factor in determining the adoption of green technologies. Many parties, including governmental organizations, municipal governments, developers, and clients engaged in green building technology projects, stand to gain increased awareness.
Exploring the nexus between small-scale irrigation and household food security: A comprehensive study in Raya Kobo woreda, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia
Authors: Sisay Moges Asmare , Ali Mohammed Yimam , Belay Addisu
Published: August 2024

Background Food security’s multidimensional nature poses challenges in measurement and policy targeting. This comprehensive study explores the nexus between small-scale irrigation and household food security in Raya Kobo Woreda, Ethiopia, in a cross-sectional data. Methods Employing a two-stage sampling technique, the research examines 152 irrigation participants and 196 non-participants. Utilizing descriptive and econometric models, including a binary logit model and propensity score matching. Results The study reveals that 15% of participants and 12% of non-participants are food secure. Descriptive analysis reveals positive correlations between irrigation participation and household food security, dietary diversity, and food consumption scores. Econometric analysis identifies factors influencing participation, such as the age of the household head, family size and tropical livestock units have negative relationship with irrigation participation while the importance of agriculture is found to be positively associated with irrigation participation. Propensity score matching reveals a substantial positive impact on household expenditure, reaffirmed through sensitivity analysis. Conclusion The findings contribute to understanding the complexities of small-scale irrigation in enhancing rural livelihoods and emphasize the importance of targeted interventions for sustained positive outcomes.
Identification of the challenges teachers face in teaching small problem-based learning (PBL) groups in the College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study
Authors: Alothman Shaima , Tombs Michal
Published: August 2024

Background Recognizing the challenges that teachers face offers a platform for devising innovative teaching strategies, thereby boosting teacher performance. This study seeks to pinpoint the obstacles teachers encounter while conducting small problem-based learning (PBL) groups and to recommend measures that guide educational institutions in determining teacher training needs. Furthermore, the study explores the creation of interventions to bolster PBL teaching practices. Methods Utilizing a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were administered, prompting participants to contemplate the difficulties of instructing small PBL groups. Ten medical educators, purposefully selected based on their PBL teaching experience, participated. Verbatim transcripts were meticulously analysed using thematic analysis, facilitating code production, comparison, and overarching theme generation. Results The data underscored challenges associated with adopting PBL in a traditional educational setting, emphasizing the imperative for honed facilitation skills, fostering motivation towards PBL, and addressing the ramifications of students' conventional learning backgrounds. Notably, the accruement of experience over time, the enhanced confidence from managing diverse PBL groups, and the importance of knowledge exchange and shared experiences emerged as vital for PBL educators' professional growth. Conclusions Actively supporting teachers as they navigate shifts in their roles and urging the incorporation and adept application of teaching techniques can elevate teacher efficacy. Recommendations include the initiation of a teacher development program, the allocation of ample time and resources for student participation in PBL activities, the introduction of a comprehensive teacher assessment system, and the integration of quantitative research methods to further enrich teacher practices and professional advancement.
Tourism and Urban Development: The case of a coastal village in a small island state
Authors: Agius Karl , Briguglio Michael
Published: August 2024

This paper discusses how Marsascala, a coastal town in Malta, has been urbanized over the years, with particular attention to the development of the tourist industry. Young’s (1983) “general model of the process of ‘touristization’ and landscape change” is engaged with to study the impact of tourism development on the locality and local community. Different research methods were used, including qualitative interviews via thematic analysis, fieldwork, orthophoto maps, and analysis of secondary data. Findings show that tourism plays a major role in the local economy. Overdevelopment and population increase (fuelled by tourism and influx of foreign workers) are major challenges in the locality. The former fishing village has as a result reached stage six (intensive tourism consolidation) of Young's model. While more services are available to locals and visitors, the quality of life in the locality is deteriorating. This has raised questions about the need to redevelop the Jerma Hotel which will partly be a real estate project. The authors propose a seventh stage to Young’s model - ‘real estatation’ whereby more areas are taken over by real estate projects including for short-term rentals. This paper is linked to the EU Cost Action CA221222 Rethinking the Blue Economy: Socio-Ecological Impacts and Opportunities (RethinkBlue), in particular in relation to the themes covered by Working Group 3 - Port cities & coastal communities.
Applications of environmental intelligence for rural land management
Authors: Douglas Caitlin , Mulligan Mark
Published: August 2024

Environmental intelligence brings together multiple data streams, employing human reasoning and machine learning to better understand and manage the environment. This article describes the possibilities and limitations of using environmental intelligence to support outcomes-based rural land management policy. We argue that environmental intelligence approaches are particularly well suited to planning and assessing the effectiveness of nature-based solution investments for the delivery of ecosystem services, such as flood mitigation and climate change mitigation. However the ‘outcome’ to be achieved, and the outcome metrics used, need to be carefully selected to ensure they are realistic, responsive to land management and rigorously measurable. Environmental intelligence in support of outcomes-based approaches must address social issues of fairness and social justice as well as environmental outcomes.
UMA CONSTELAÇÃO DE HISTÓRIAS PARA OUVIR E CONTAR:
Authors: Oliveira Maria Raiane , Costa Andriolli
Published: August 2024

O Laboratório de Podcasts Narrativos (Lunar) é um projeto de extensão da UERJ criado em 2023, que objetiva promover a capacitação e qualificação crítica e técnica relacionada a podcasts narrativos no Brasil e explorar formatos inovadores, além de tensionar linguagens com os alunos. Orienta-nos o desejo de estimular umacomunicação com intimidade, voltada para o diálogo dos afetos e a experiência humana. Ao longo do ano, o Laboratório colocou em movimento muitos projetos e parcerias que, agora, estão prontos para evidenciar nossa identidade e ação criativa.
Corpos interditados no Brasil das desigualdades históricas:
Authors: Oliveira Marcia Pereira de , Monti Ednardo Monteiro Gonzaga
Published: August 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir, a partir da trajetória do cantor de ópera Raimundo Pereira, sobre obstáculos historicamente impostos à escolarização de pessoas subalternizadas. Nos caminhos da História Oral indagamos: como a presença de corpos não hegemônicos de pessoas negras e homossexuais são interditados em espaços educacionais e artísticos? Enfatizamos a temporalidade entre 1990 e 2006 por relacionar-se ao percurso de formação universitária e militante do sujeito protagonizado na pesquisa. Priorizamos fragmentos de documentos orais produzidos mediante entrevistas realizadas com contemporâneos do artista e trechos de sua autobiografia. Interpretamos que Raimundo Pereira interrompeu sua trajetória acadêmica em razão do conjunto de opressões sobrepostas e indissociáveis de suas identidades homossexual, de classe, raça e regionalidade. Assim, argumentamos que discursos meritocráticos, antigênero, racistas e classistas desconsideram fatores históricos e operam por meio da produção de estereótipos negativos, culpabilizando grupos vulnerabilizados, desresponsabilizando o Estado e a sociedade quanto a medidas de reparação.
Jacinta Maria de Santana:
Authors: Machado Rocha Mariana
Published: August 2024

Este artigo apresenta o caso da mumificação, exposição e violências contra o corpo da jovem negra Jacinta Maria de Santana ocorrido na Faculdade de Direito de São Paulo no início do século XX. Este episódio, ao mesmo tempo em que produziu o esquecimento e a invisibilidade de Jacinta, promoveu o homem branco, cientista e catedrático responsável por sua mumificação, que teve o nome consagrado de múltiplas formas. Os documentos aqui analisados são provenientes de periódicos publicados no período, dentre os quais se destacam os jornais da Imprensa Negra Paulista. Este artigo promove reflexões sobre a suposta neutralidade da ciência e dos arquivos a partir dos quais se escreve a História, indica a importância de se pensar uma história da educação da branquitude e convida a refletir a respeito das formas contemporâneas de mumificação, em todos os possíveis significados, das mulheres negras nos espaços de educação e produção de conhecimento.
Detection of rare microorganisms in bone and joint infections by metagenomic next-generation sequencing
Authors: Hu Hongxin , Ding Haiqi , Lyu Jianhua , Chen Yang , Huang Changyu , Zhang Chaofan , Li Wenbo , Fang Xinyu , Zhang Wenming
Published: August 2024

Aims

This aim of this study was to analyze the detection rate of rare pathogens in bone and joint infections (BJIs) using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and the impact of mNGS on clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 235 patients with BJIs who were treated at our hospital between January 2015 and December 2021. Patients were divided into the no-mNGS group (microbial culture only) and the mNGS group (mNGS testing and microbial culture) based on whether mNGS testing was used or not.

Results

A total of 147 patients were included in the no-mNGS group and 88 in the mNGS group. The mNGS group had a higher detection rate of rare pathogens than the no-mNGS group (21.6% vs 10.2%, p = 0.016). However, the mNGS group had lower rates of antibiotic-related complications, shorter hospital stays, and higher infection control rates compared with the no-mNGS group (p = 0.017, p = 0.003, and p = 0.028, respectively), while there was no significant difference in the duration of antibiotic use (p = 0.957). In culture-negative cases, the mNGS group had lower rates of antibiotic-related complications, shorter hospital stays, and a higher infection control rate than the no-mNGS group (p = 0.036, p = 0.033, p = 0.022, respectively), while there was no significant difference in the duration of antibiotic use (p = 0.748).

Conclusion

mNGS improves detection of rare pathogens in BJIs. mNGS testing reduces antibiotic-related complications, shortens hospital stay and antibiotic use duration, and improves treatment success rate, benefits which are particularly evident in culture-negative cases.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(8):401–410.
A Visual Dispatch: Images, Art, and the Archive as a Portal to Memory
Authors: Little Colony
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This essay explores the relationship between memory and images, using art as a surrogate for our personal archive. It is based on the discovery of an old family photo album that provided missing links to an ancestral history originating in the South. The author examines the many ways we construct our identities and reclaim our sense of self by connecting to the past and breaking the silences that surround pain and trauma. These examinations were facilitated by the visual archive, creating space for healing. By merging an imagined history constructed through visual art with these newly found images, the piece charts a path of wayfinding through a physical journey to Texas that became a spiritual catalyst for the exploration of self.
Infrared imaging technique for weightlifting exercise assessment
Authors: Viafora Laura A. , Torres Sergio N. , Machuca Guillermo , Gutierrez Pablo , Jara Anselmo , Coelho Pablo , Soto Ricardo F.
Published: August 2024

A novel method, to our knowledge, for monitoring weightlifting
exercises based on infrared imaging is proposed in this work. For the
infrared workout weightlifting recorded scenes, radiometry and
artificial intelligence were employed for in-scene temperature and
biomechanical athletes’ body parts position mapping. Our method was
effective in monitoring muscle exertion during high-performance
athletic exercises, as evidenced by the results obtained from real
athletic datasets. The method generates a color-labeled sequence of
thermal images and reports on body part positions, which can be used
by judges and trainers to guide athletes toward safer and more
efficient practices.
To transfer mitochondria or not to transfer mitochondria: ADP does the trick
Authors: Novak Jaromir , Neuzil Jiri
Published: August 2024

Horizontal mitochondrial transfer (HMT) has emerged as a novel phenomenon in cell biology, but it is unclear how this process of intercellular movement of mitochondria is regulated. A new study inPLOS Biologyreports that ADP released by stressed cells is a signal that triggers HMT.
The use of the WHO criteria to detect severe malaria among patients clinically diagnosed with uncomplicated malaria
Authors: Aninagyei Enoch , Asmah Richard Harry , Duedu Kwabena Obeng , Deku John Gameli , Tanson Kelvin Senyo , Mireku Yobo , Gbadago Fred , Acheampong Desmond Omane
Published: August 2024

The World Health Organization (WHO) strict defining criteria were used to identify severe malaria among Ghanaian patients clinically diagnosed as uncomplicated malaria. From each study participant, blood haemoglobin (Hb) and plasma bilirubin levels were estimated using automated analyzers. According to the WHO, the criteria for diagnosing severe malaria among children (< 12 years) was assessed using Hb < 5 g/dL and among other patients ≥ 12 years, Hb < 7 g/dL with parasitemia > 10,000/μL, plasma bilirubin > 50 μmol/L amidst parasitemia > 100,000/μL and P. falciparum hyperparasitaemia (> 500,000 parasites/μL). Patients initially diagnosed with asymptomatic malaria (n = 347) were recruited. The parasitemia range was 540–863,402 parasite/μL. Overall, 86.2% of the patients had uncomplicated malaria while 13.8% of the patients were diagnosed with severe malaria of various origins. In children < 12 years, 10.8% (17/157) had Hb < 5g/dL with parasitaemia < 10,000 parasites/μL and in other patients (≥ 12 years), 6.3% (12/190) of them recorded Hb < 7g/dL with parasitaemia < 10,000 parasites/μL. Furthermore, 13.8% (48/347) had serum bilirubin levels > 50 μmol/L with parasitemia > 100,000/μL. In all the patients with hyperbilirubinemia, Hb levels fell below either 5g/dL or 7g/dL, for patients less than and 12 years or more, respectively. Finally, 1.7% (6/347) of the patients with malaria had parasite counts (> 500,000 parasites/μL). Irrespective of the etiology, patients diagnosed with severe malaria presented with pallor, vomiting, diarrhea, chills, fever and nausea, concurrently. Without comprehensive laboratory evaluation, patients with severe malaria could be misdiagnosed. Therefore, healthcare facilities need adequate human and logistical resources to be able to diagnose severe malaria for appropriate management to avert any untoward outcomes.
Experiences of researchers with disabilities at academic institutions in the United States
Authors: Castro Franz , Cerilli Caroline , Hu Luanjiao , Iezzoni Lisa I. , Varadaraj Varshini , Swenor Bonnielin K.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

People with disabilities are underrepresented in higher education, facing systematic obstacles such as inaccessible communication and physical environments and difficulties obtaining accommodations. This study aims to shed light on barriers to accessibility and disability inclusion in research institutions through confidential qualitative interviews with researchers with disabilities.

Methods

We recruited participants via virtual flyers. Eligibility criteria included working in the United States (U.S.) as researchers that had applied for grant funding (last five years), and self-identifying as having a disability. We offered participants (total n = 35) the option of either semi-structured one-on-one live or written interviews based on their preference. Two study team members analyzed written and live responses using thematic analysis to identify themes.

Results

Themes included identity/visibility, career trajectories, accessibility, accommodations, bias, representation, and inclusion. Some participants reported not disclosing their disabilities at work or during hiring processes due to fear of negative perceptions from peers or potential employers. Experiences around stigma and bias were noted both in professional relationships and when interacting with disability service offices, underscoring difficulties and delays in processes to secure accommodations. Respondents highlighted the lack of disability inclusion and low representation of people with disabilities in academia and elevated the importance of self-advocacy and of role models and mentors in shaping career pathways for future researchers with disabilities.

Conclusion

Researchers with disabilities encounter systematic barriers at academic institutions, and lack of acknowledgement and research on these experiences has held back institutional and policy changes. To reduce disparities for researchers with disabilities, academic leadership must allocate resources to address ableism, create more inclusive environments, and raise standards beyond compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Semantic differential analysis of effects of indoor soundscapes on learning efficiency during online home-based classes
Authors: Lin Dahu , Li Tingjun , Liang Haijuan
Published: August 2024

This investigation into the effects of indoor soundscapes on learning efficiency during home-based online classes amidst the COVID-19 pandemic leveraged a questionnaire survey to gather insights from participants across 32 provinces in China. The survey findings reveal a notable preference among respondents for sounds emanating from nature and culture, alongside an acceptance of sounds inherent to lectures. A significant majority showed a preference for a tranquil soundscape or one enriched with natural and cultural elements, emphasizing that such an environment, coupled with the ability for active communication, is conducive to enhancing learning efficiency. Through semantic differential analysis, the study identified four pivotal factors that influence subjective evaluations of indoor soundscapes: the nature of online classes, relaxation, physical attributes of the soundscape, and aspects related to personal study. Additionally, the analysis delved into gender and regional differences in soundscape perceptions and their impact on learning. A key finding is that complex soundscapes negatively affect the learning process, with 45.7% of respondents reporting a perceived decrease in learning efficiency attributable to the indoor soundscape experienced during home-based online classes. Consequently, this study suggests that optimizing learning efficiency requires creating simpler, lighter, quieter, and more relaxing soundscapes. These insights hold both theoretical and practical value, offering a foundational basis for further research into indoor soundscapes and informing the development and management of online classes. The findings underscore the importance of considering the auditory environment as a critical component of effective online education, highlighting the need for strategies that mitigate auditory distractions and foster an acoustically conducive learning space.
Controllable synthesis of TiO2/graphene composites for human voice recognition in strain sensor
Authors: Cheng Yan , Wang Ke , Zhang Siyi
Published: August 2024

Low-dimensional materials have demonstrated strong potential for use in diverse flexible strain sensors for wearable electronic device applications. However, the limited contact area in the sensing layer, caused by the low specific surface area of typical nanomaterials, hinders the pursuit of high-performance strain-sensor applications. Herein, we report an efficient method for synthesizing TiO2-based nanocomposite materials by directly using industrial raw materials with ultrahigh specific surface areas that can be used for strain sensors. A kinetic study of the self-seeded thermal hydrolysis sulfate process was conducted for the controllable synthesis of pure TiO2 and related TiO2/graphene composites. The hydrolysis readily modified the crystal form and morphology of the prepared TiO2 nanoparticles, and the prepared composite samples possessed a uniform nanoporous structure. Experiments demonstrated that the TiO2/graphene composite can be used in strain sensors with a maximum Gauge factor of 252. In addition, the TiO2/graphene composite-based strain sensor showed high stability by continuously operating over 1,000 loading cycles and aging tests over three months. It also shows that the fabricated strain sensors have the potential for human voice recognition by characterizing letters, words, and musical tones.
Evaluation of the binding interactions between Plasmodium falciparum Kelch-13 mutant recombinant proteins with artemisinin
Authors: Md. Yusuf Noorazian , Azman Aisya Nazura , Abdul Aziz Amirul Adli , Ahmad Fuad Fazia Adyani , Nasarudin Ruhayatun Naimah , Hisam Shamilah
Published: August 2024

Malaria, an ancient mosquito-borne illness caused by Plasmodium parasites, is mostly treated with Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT). However, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) mutations in the P. falciparum Kelch 13 (PfK13) protein have been associated with artemisinin resistance (ART-R). Therefore, this study aims to generate PfK13 recombinant proteins incorporating of two specific SNPs mutations, PfK13-V494I and PfK13-N537I, and subsequently analyze their binding interactions with artemisinin (ART). The recombinant proteins of PfK13 mutations and the Wild Type (WT) variant were expressed utilizing a standard protein expression protocol with modifications and subsequently purified via IMAC and confirmed with SDS-PAGE analysis and Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. The binding interactions between PfK13-V494I and PfK13-N537I propeller domain proteins ART were assessed through Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) and subsequently validated using fluorescence spectrometry. The protein concentrations obtained were 0.3 mg/ml for PfK13-WT, 0.18 mg/ml for PfK13-V494I, and 0.28 mg/ml for PfK13-N537I. Results obtained for binding interaction revealed an increased fluorescence intensity in the mutants PfK13-N537I (83 a.u.) and PfK13-V494I (143 a.u.) compared to PfK13-WT (33 a.u.), indicating increased exposure of surface proteins because of the looser binding between PfK13 protein mutants with ART. This shows that the PfK13 mutations may induce alterations in the binding interaction with ART, potentially leading to reduced effectiveness of ART and ultimately contributing to ART-R. However, this study only elucidated one facet of the contributing factors that could serve as potential indicators for ART-R and further investigation should be pursued in the future to comprehensively explore this complex mechanism of ART-R.
Does the establishment of Pilot Free Trade Zones promote international expansion of enterprises? Quasi-natural experimental evidence from China
Authors: Jing Wenqi , Zheng Yi , Shen Xiuqing
Published: August 2024

Pilot Free Trade Zones (PFTZs) are a crucial new platform for China to build a more open economic system. Existing literature primarily focuses on the ‘Bring In’ effect of PFTZs, often overlooking the importance of ‘Going Out’ aspects. To bridge this gap, this paper uses data from China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed enterprises from 2007 to 2021 and constructs a time-varying difference-in-differences (DID) model to test the impact of establishment of PFTZs on international expansion of enterprises. The study finds that establishment of PFTZs can significantly promote international expansion of enterprises, with a more pronounced effect on the scope of international expansion than on its depth. Mechanism analysis reveals that PFTZs can facilitate international expansion of enterprises by driving digital transformation, enhancing total factor productivity and management efficiency, and alleviating financing constraints. Notably, senior managers with overseas work experience play a crucial role in enhancing this relationship. Further, PFTZs not only have a linkage effect with the Belt and Road Initiative but also a radiation effect on neighboring cities. This study provides an analytical perspective and empirical evidence for evaluating policy effects of PFTZs and offers valuable insights that will enable PFTZ policies to be refined and facilitate successful implementation of the ‘Going Out’ strategy.
Influence of postruminal casein infusion and exogenous glucagon-like peptide 2 administration on the jejunal mucosal transcriptome in cattle
Authors: Trotta Ronald J. , Swanson Kendall C. , Klotz James L. , Harmon David L.
Published: August 2024

We previously demonstrated that postruminal casein infusion and exogenous glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) administration independently stimulated growth and carbohydrase activity of the pancreas and jejunal mucosa in cattle. The objective of the current study was to profile the jejunal mucosal transcriptome of cattle using next-generation RNA sequencing in response to postruminal casein infusion and exogenous GLP-2. Twenty-four Holstein steers [250 ± 23.1 kg body weight (BW)] received a continuous abomasal infusion of 3.94 g raw corn starch/kg of BW combined with either 0 or 1.30 g casein/kg of BW for 7 d. Steers received subcutaneous injections at 0800 and 2000 h to provide either 0 or 100 μg GLP-2/kg of BW per day. At the end of the 7-d treatment period, steers were slaughtered for collection of the jejunal mucosa. Total RNA was extracted from jejunal mucosal tissue, strand-specific cDNA libraries were prepared, and RNA sequencing was conducted to generate 150-bp paired-end reads at a depth of 40 M reads per sample. Differentially expressed genes (DEG), KEGG pathway enrichment, and gene ontology enrichment were determined based on the FDR-corrected P-value (padj). Exogenous GLP-2 administration upregulated (padj < 0.05) 667 genes and downregulated 1,101 genes of the jejunal mucosa. Sphingolipid metabolism, bile secretion, adherens junction, and galactose metabolism were among the top KEGG pathways enriched with upregulated DEG (padj < 0.05) in response to exogenous GLP-2 administration. The top gene ontologies enriched with upregulated DEG (padj < 0.05) in response to exogenous GLP-2 administration included nutrient metabolic processes, brush border and bicellular tight junction assembly, and enzyme and transporter activities. Exogenous GLP-2 administration increased or tended to increase (padj < 0.10) brush border carbohydrase (MGAM, LCT, TREH), hexose transporter (SLC5A1, SLC2A2), and associated transcription factor (HNF1, GATA4, KAT2B) mRNA expression of the jejunal mucosa. Gene ontologies and KEGG pathways that were downregulated (padj < 0.05) in response to exogenous GLP-2 were related to genetic information processing. Postruminal casein infusion downregulated (padj < 0.05) 7 jejunal mucosal genes that collectively did not result in enriched KEGG pathways or gene ontologies. This study highlights some of the transcriptional mechanisms associated with increased growth, starch assimilation capacity, and barrier function of the jejunal mucosa in response to exogenous GLP-2 administration.