bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalized Jaccard feature screening for ultra-high dimensional survival data
Authors: Liu Renqing , Deng Guangming , He Hanji
Published: September 2024

To identify critical genomes that influence a cancer patient's survival time, feature screening methods play a vital role in this biomedical field. Most of the current research relies on a fixed survival function model, which limits its universality in practical applications. In this paper, we propose the Generalized Jaccard coefficient (GJAC), which extends the traditional Jaccard coefficient from comparing binary vectors' similarity to calculating the correlation between the general vectors. The larger the GJAC value, the higher the sample similarity. Using the GJAC, we introduce a novel model-free screening method to select the active set of covariates in ultra-high dimensional survival data. Through Monte Carlo simulations, GJAC-Sure Independence Screening (GJAC-SIS) shows a higher accuracy, lower errors, and an excellent applicability in different types of survival data compared with other existing model-free feature screening methods in survival data. Additionally, in the real cancer datasets (DLBCL), GJAC-SIS can screen out two additional important genomes, which are certified in the real biomedical experiment, while the other five methods can't. As a result, GJAC-SIS achieves a high screening precision, delivers a more effective screening outcome, and has a better utility and universality.
Note on prescribed-time stability of impulsive piecewise-smooth differential systems and application in networks
Authors: Li Chenchen , Zhang Chunyan , Feng Lichao , Wu Zhihui
Published: September 2024

We explored the prescribed-time stability (PTSt) of impulsive piecewise smooth differential systems (IPSDS) based on the Lyapunov theory and set-valued analysis technology, allowing flexibility in selecting the settling time as desired. Furthermore, by developing a feedback controller, we employed the theoretical results to evaluate the synchronization behavior of impulsive piecewise-smooth network systems (IPSNS) within a prescribed time frame and obtained novel criteria to guarantee the synchronization objective. A numerical example was presented to validate the accuracy of the results.
Efficiency and Effectiveness of Supply Chain
Authors: Bukhari Syed Danish
Published: September 2024

After the COVID-19 epidemic closed down, primary suppliers and reduced sales by 60%, Blade + Blue, a menswear manufacturer, started manufacturing 7,000 face masks per week using basic cotton fabric. One of the numerous businesses that changed course to satisfy the evident need for masks is Blade + Blue. However, some impromptu SC solutions seem to be implemented concepts. For instance, Amazon's founder Jeff Bezos encourages his staff to adopt an entrepreneurial attitude known as “Day 1,” acting as though every day is the company's first. Novel SC innovations, such delivery drones and retail outlets without clerks, are the result of the Day 1 mindset. Innovative SC strategies were crucial in the COVID-19 outbreak. There is proof that creative types are more likely to spot and seize fresh business chances. The degree to which an organization's processes exhibit autonomy, innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness and competitive aggressivenesis known as entrepreneurial orientation. It could be beneficial to apply the idea of entrepreneurial orientation to supply chain management.
Microplastic Menace
Authors: Badiger Manjunatha , Mathew Jose Alex , C. S. Savidhan Shetty , Kumara Varuna , Shetty Ganesh Srinivasa , N. Pratheksha Rai , C. Mehnaz Fathima
Published: September 2024

Microplastics and nanoplastics, particles smaller than 5 millimeters, have induced profound ecological imbalances in aquatic environments, posing threats to habitats, food chains, and organisms through pollution and bioaccumulation. Their capacity to adsorb harmful chemicals raises concerns for aquatic life and human health via contaminated seafood consumption. Furthermore, terrestrial ecosystems are not spared, with soil quality and nutrient cycling impacted by these pollutants. Given their global dispersion through wind and water currents, even remote areas are affected. Addressing these challenges mandates significant actions, including reducing plastic production, improving waste management, and implementing strategies for environmental remediation. Public awareness and education are pivotal for fostering sustainable practices and mitigating the pervasive impact of plastic contamination on ecosystems worldwide.
Challenges and Opportunities in Fintech Regulation
Authors: Deb Aradhita
Published: September 2024

This chapter explores the multifaceted landscape of fintech regulation, addressing both the challenges and opportunities that arise within this rapidly evolving industry. As fintech innovations outpace traditional regulatory frameworks, there is an urgent need for adaptive and forward-thinking regulations that balance fostering innovation with ensuring financial stability and consumer protection. The chapter delves into key regulatory challenges, such as managing cybersecurity risks, ensuring data privacy, and combating financial fraud. It also highlights opportunities for regulators to leverage emerging technologies to enhance compliance and oversight. Through a comprehensive analysis of global case studies, this chapter illustrates the critical importance of robust regulatory mechanisms. It concludes with recommendations for developing a dynamic regulatory environment that supports sustainable fintech growth while mitigating risks, offering valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and scholars in the field.
The Impact of Equity, Employee Engagement Activities, and Job Redesigning on Airline Employee Motivation
Authors: Siddiqui Neha Nazneen
Published: September 2024

Drawing on a theoretical framework, this study aims to understand the impact of equity as perceived by employees in the airline industry through employee engagement activities and job redesigning that have been introduced to determine the level of motivation among frontline staff members working with Indian Airlines Jet Airways vs. Indigo. The research aimed to determine how motivation levels are influenced by engagement, job crafting, and work-life advocacy. This chapter summarizes the 400 employee survey outcomes with an empirical statistical approach. The findings suggest that Indigo Airlines scores much higher than Jet Airways in all three dimensions. Indigo had significantly higher perceived equity than Jet Airways (89% versus 30%) and was more satisfied with its engagement activities than the other service providers in this sector. Job redesigning, too, occurred a lot more frequently at Indigo compared to fellow airline companies, as they scored a similar score of above par on effectiveness while cost-effectiveness scored below par.
From Waste to Resource
Authors: Akter Mst. Sumyia , Sarkar Apurba , Hossain Md Imran
Published: September 2024

The hospitality industry, a cornerstone of the global economy, faces significant challenges in managing food waste sustainably. Conventional waste disposal methods incur substantial costs and environmental damage. As a result, hotels are embracing sustainable technologies like anaerobic digestion, biogas production, thermal processes like pyrolysis, gasification etc Based on secondary sources, this chapter focuses on economic benefits of Waste-to-Energy innovations in hotels such as cost savings from reduced waste disposal fees, potential revenue streams from energy sales, and improved operational efficiency. Additionally, the chapter highlight environmental benefit including reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and the promotion of a circular economy. Ultimately, this chapter offers insights into integrating renewable energy from waste innovations into hotel operations to achieve economic and environmental goals. It strives to aid hotel managers, policymakers, and stakeholders in adopting and maximizing waste-to-energy systems contributing to a more sustainable hospitality sector.
Tourist Perceptions and Acceptance of Modern Waste Solutions in Sustainable Travel Destinations
Authors: Yadav Suraj Jaywant
Published: September 2024

This study investigates tourist perceptions and acceptance of modern waste solutions in sustainable travel destinations. A mixed-methods approach was used, involving surveys of 462 travelers and semi-structured interviews with 15 participants. Key factors such as perceived effectiveness, willingness to pay more for sustainable options, and satisfaction with current waste management practices were analysed. The results indicate that modern waste solutions are generally viewed positively, with a majority of tourists willing to support these initiatives financially. However, there remains a significant desire for improved waste management practices. Comparative analysis showed that innovative technologies and modern solutions were more effective and satisfactory compared to traditional methods, despite their higher costs. This research highlights the importance of continuous improvement and adoption of advanced waste management strategies to enhance sustainability in tourism.
The Moderating Effect of Tax Management and Tax Planning on the Relationship Between Corporate Governance and Financial Performance
Authors: Affes Wajdi , Chakroun Raida , Jarboui Anis
Published: September 2024

The objective of this chapter is to examine the moderating role of tax management and tax planning in the relationship between corporate governance and financial performance. The authors based this research on a sample of 160 British companies, observed over the period 2005-2018. The estimation by the FGLS regressor was adopted to overcome the econometric problems detected. The results show that tax management and tax planning do not play a moderating role in the relationship between corporate governance and financial performance when we conduct our analysis without taking the sector effect into account. Through a sector analysis, the authors found that tax management for the technology and consumer sector (core and discretionary); moderates the relationship between corporate governance and financial performance. Furthermore, the authors found that for the industrial sector, the relationship between corporate governance and financial performance is moderated by tax management and tax planning.
Sustainable Governance of Global Value Chains (GVCs) in an Era of Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity
Authors: Katebi Parmis , Mohiuddin Muhammad , Ed-Dafali Slimane , Özsungur Fahri
Published: September 2024

This comprehensive chapter explores the resilience imperative for firms engaged in global value chains (GVCs) within the context of sustainable governance. Effective resilience, characterized as more than a mere recovery mechanism, emerges as a proactive and adaptive governance strategy crucial for navigating global disruptions and ensuring sustainable value creation. This chapter emphasizes the pivotal role of governance in managing disruption risks and balancing efficiency with resilience imperatives. By integrating governance theories and practices, this research provides nuanced insights into the multifaceted dimensions of resilience in GVCs. Decision-makers are urged to recognize a shared responsibility in sustaining these systems, promoting a holistic governance approach that enhances the overall adaptability and sustainability of firms operating in GVCs. The findings show that adaptive governance in GVCs is crucial for fostering supplier resilience and ensuring sustained performance during exogenous shocks.
Periods of weed interference in garlic crop
Authors: Guerra Naiara , Radzinski Angela Sofia , Nogatz Beatriz , Prates Antonio Américo , Dalmas Alysson Dias , Oliveira Neto Antonio Mendes de
Published: September 2024

Garlic cultivation holds significant importance in Brazil. However, research on garlic crops is currently limited and outdated, highlighting the necessity for new studies, particularly focused on enhancing weed management and optimizing the use of agricultural inputs. This study aimed to assess the extent of yield losses attributed to weed interference and the specific periods during which weed interference impacts garlic crop yields in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The experiments were conducted in Curitibanos, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, during 2019 and 2020, using the garlic cultivars Chonan and Ito, respectively. A randomized block experimental design was employed, consisting of 16 treatment groups with four replications. The design incorporated a 2×8 factorial arrangement, involving two weed management strategies (coexistence and control) and eight crop-weed coexistence periods (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 130 days after crop emergence – DAE). The study evaluated the weed community and recorded data on the number of bulbs, bulb diameter, as well as total and commercial bulb yields of garlic crops. The results indicated average losses of 24.3% in total bulb yield and 28.9% in commercial bulb yield. Critical periods for effective weed control were identified as 6 to 126 DAE in 2019, 5 to 126 DAE in 2020 for total yield, 3 to 126 DAE in 2019, and 5 to 126 DAE in 2020 for commercial bulb yield. Consequently, it is imperative to maintain garlic crops weed-free throughout most of their growth cycle.
On farm conservation of cassava in traditional communities of Jangada, Mato Grosso State, Brazil: ethnobotany and genetic diversity
Authors: Oler Juliana Rodrigues Larrosa , Veasey Elizabeth Ann , Pinto Joyce Mendes Andrade , Hoogerheide Eulália Soler Sobreira
Published: September 2024

Jangada is a municipality in the Baixada Cuiabana region, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the collection of local cassava conserved by four traditional communities of Jangada in terms of ethnobotanical/socioeconomic and genetic aspects. Socioeconomic and ethnobotanical analyses were carried out with 40 farmers using qualitative techniques and descriptive statistics. Seven microsatellite markers were used for genetic analysis. A total of 182 cassava citations were verified, 31 of which were different. The Broto Branco variety was the most frequent (94.3%), followed by Vermelha Gaiadeira and Liberata (82.9 and 77.1%, respectively). The calculated median age for farmers was 56 years. Spearman’s coefficient indicated a positive correlation between the increase in farmer’s age and the number of cultivated local varieties. Few varieties are planted by many farmers, and most are planted by few farmers. High genetic diversity was observed, and most of the variability occurred within communities (88%). Two groups were formed in the cluster analysis, with two communities in each group. The propagule circulation network helped to understand the genetic similarity of communities with the closest geographic location. Cassava cultivation plays an important role in the studied communities, which maintain a high ethnobotanical and genetic diversity and relevant knowledge about the cultivated varieties.
In vitro efficiency of teat disinfectants with organic matter against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cows with mastitis
Authors: Fontes Talita Oliveira Maciel , Cunha Adriano França da , Fausto Mariana Costa , Souza Fernando Nogueira de , Cerqueira Mônica Maria Oliveira Pinho
Published: September 2024

Four strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cows with mastitis were assessed as to in vitro sensitivity to four commercial disinfectants (chlorine, polvidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, and lactic acid) used in teat pre- and post-dipping, in the presence and absence of organic matter. The concentration of the disinfectants was determined in accordance with the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. Four isolates identified as S. aureus from cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis were subjected to susceptibility testing against disinfectants through an absorbance evaluation at 600 nm on a spectrophotometer. Exposure times (15”, 30”, 60” and 90”) were clocked, and streaking was performed in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium. The iodine sample presented a lower concentration (1.9%) than that given by the manufacturer (2.5%). There was greater (p < 0.05) in vitro disinfectant activity for chlorhexidine and chlorine, with and without organic matter. However, inhibition by organic matter occurred more intensely in the iodine disinfectant (99.0%). The inhibition percentage of S. aureus against iodine and lactic acid at 15, 30, 60 and 90 s was numerically lower than against chlorhexidine and chlorine, regardless of organic matter. Therefore, chlorhexidine and chlorine have greater inhibitory activity against S. aureus, both with and without organic matter.
Citric acid production by Brazilian garlic Aspergillus welwitschiae strains using orange residues
Authors: Fernandes Thaysa Amélia Bortoloti , Baldo Cristiani , Sartori Daniele
Published: September 2024

The global production of citrus fruits has expressively grown resulting in large amounts of residue. Orange residues are rich in carbon and could be used as substrates for production of biomolecules such as citric acid. In this study, wild and mutant Aspergillus welwitschiae strains isolated from Brazilian garlic were used to produce citric acid from orange residues, using solid-state fermentation. The results showed that the mutant A. welwitschiae UELAs 15.262/35 produced great amount of citric acid in the fourth day of solid-state fermentation using total and reducing sugars and producing cellulases. On the other hand, there was no production of citric acid by wild A. welwitschiae UELAs 15.262. The use of total and reducing sugars and the production of cellulases by A. welwitschiae UELAs 15.262 were detected, suggesting the use of carbon sources for the production of other metabolites. The great use of reducing sugars and cellulases production by A. welwitschiae UELAs 15.262/35 indicated the consume of carbon sources from the orange residue to produce citric acid at early times of fermentation. These findings lead to the possibility of biotechnological valorization of orange residues for acid organic production by A. welwitschiae strain.
Let medicine be a meeting of scientific research and wisdom
Authors: Casaroli Agostino
Published: September 2024

Not available.
At the boundaries of geriatrics Bioethical issues in the care of the elderly and the control of senescence
Authors: Cattorini Paolo
Published: September 2024

Not available.
The drug-dependent pregnant woman: therapeutic and ethical reflections
Authors: Pozzi Gino , Conte Gianluigi
Published: September 2024

In our approach the drug addict is considered essentially a sick person, with his own clinical specificity, both somatic and, above all, psychic. In dealing with the drug problem we believe that the ‘independent variable’ is not the drug, but the person who uses it; and that this must be leveraged to solve the problem.
Organ transplantation: anthropological and ethical relevance
Authors: Sgreccia Elio
Published: September 2024

Not available.
Reflections on the history of the double helix and the motivations, methods and history of scientific work
Authors: Fiori Angelo
Published: September 2024

Not available.
Assessing disease activity in scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease: a review and practical guide to management
Authors: Adizie Tochukwu , Dolan Lauren , Zahid Aqusa , Fahim Ahmed
Published: September 2024

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous disease with a propensity to involve multiple organ systems. There is a significant proportion of these patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) who are at risk of mortality and morbidity. There are limited available tools to assess the severity of parenchymal lung involvement and are subject to confounding factors, including the presence of pulmonary hypertension and concomitant smoking history. The diagnostic tools include careful clinical history, examination, thoracic imaging, and pulmonary function tests. One of the limitations of assessing disease severity in SSc-ILD is the lack of standardized definitions for disease activity and serum biomarkers to predict future progression. Although there has been significant progress in managing SSc-related ILD over the last couple of decades with a few randomized double-blind clinical trials assessing the role of immunosuppression (mainly Cyclophosphamide and Mycophenolate Mofetil), the efficacy of these therapies is at best modest and is associated with significant toxicities. Furthermore, Nintedanib has shown promise in reducing forced vital capacity decline in SSc-ILD and in progressive fibrotic-ILD of a range of etiologies. Data are emerging for therapies like Rituximab and Tocilizumab, and we are likely to see further evidence of similar drugs being efficacious in this disease cohort. A relatively simplified algorithm is proposed in this review to guide clinicians dealing with ILD and SSc. It is imperative that clinicians take a multi-disciplinary approach to managing this complex disease in a changing therapeutic landscape.
An Acute Bout of Whole-Body Vibration Does Not Improve Jumping Performance in Those With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Dewig Derek R. , Lepley Adam S. , Nilius Alex , Padua Darin A. , Pietrosimone Brian G. , Wikstrom Erik A. , Blackburn J. Troy
Published: September 2024

Context

Individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) often fail to return to their previous level of sport performance. Although multifaceted, this inability to regain preinjury performance may be influenced by impaired plyometric ability attributable to chronic quadriceps dysfunction. Whole-body vibration (WBV) acutely improves quadriceps function and biomechanics after ACLR, but its effects on jumping performance outcomes such as jump height, the reactive strength index (RSI), and knee work and power are unknown.

Objective

To evaluate the acute effects of WBV on measures of jumping performance in those with ACLR.

Design

Crossover study design.

Setting

Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Thirty-six individuals with primary, unilateral ACLR.

Intervention(s)

Participants stood on a WBV platform in a mini-squat position while vibration or no vibration (control) was applied during six 60-second bouts with 2 minutes of rest between bouts.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Double-leg jumping tasks were completed preintervention and postintervention (WBV or control) and consisted of jumping off a 30-cm box to 2 force plates half the participant’s height away. The jumping task required participants to maximally jump vertically upon striking the force plates.

Results

Whole-body vibration did not produce significant improvements in any of the study outcomes (ie, jump height, RSI, and knee work and power) in either limb (P = .053–.839).

Conclusions

These results suggest that a single bout of WBV is insufficient for improving jumping performance in individuals with ACLR. As such, using WBV to acutely improve jumping performance post-ACLR is likely not warranted. Future research should evaluate the effects of repeated exposure to WBV in combination with other plyometric interventions on jumping performance.
Email invitations to publish: Academically sound (such as SAFP) versus potentially predatory journals
Authors: Joubert Gina , Aluko Omololu
Published: September 2024

Background: Researchers increasingly receive invitations by email to publish. We analysed email publication invitations received by staff members of the Department of Biostatistics, University of the Free State (UFS), comparing emails relating to accredited and non-accredited journals.Methods: This cross-sectional study included all publication invitations received via UFS email accounts by staff members from May 2023 to July 2023. The researchers independently completed the data form, then checked and resolved any discrepancies.Results: Of the 93 distinct emails received from 88 journals, only 15 (16%) were received from a journal appearing on the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) accredited journal lists. These included South African Family Practice (SAFP) and the African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine (PHCFM). Emails from non-accredited journals were significantly (p  0.01) less likely to refer to a journal with a health sciences-related title (37% vs. 86%), indicate the publisher (36% vs. 93%), provide a link to the journal website (59% vs. 100%), state a full physical address (24% vs. 80%), refer to author instructions (21% vs. 47%) or request the recipient to share the email with colleagues (5% vs. 47%). Emails from non-accredited journals were significantly (p  0.01) more likely to contain grammatical errors (63% vs. 0%) and flattering remarks regarding the recipient or his or her research work (49% vs. 0%), and to indicate the journal’s International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) (67% vs. 13%).Conclusion: Clear differences were found between email invitations from accredited versus non-accredited journals.Contribution: The findings provide insight into warning signals in email publication invitations.
Impact of entrepreneurial incubators on youth employment in South African local government
Authors: Mgweba Luluto , Lungisa Sithenkosi
Published: September 2024

Background: Unemployment has been the central socioeconomic issue in South Africa since the democracy in 1994. As a result, the nation’s unemployed youth continue to be at risk in the job market. In the quest for alternatives, youth entrepreneurship has been acknowledged as a crucial strategy for empowering youth through innovation and technology.Aim: This study sought to analyse the impact of innovative entrepreneurial incubators (IEIs) in fostering youth employment within Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality.Setting: This study was conducted within the Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality to analyse the effectiveness of IEIs in supporting young entrepreneurs, thus increasing employment opportunities for the youth in South Africa.Methods: A sample of 20 semi-structured open-ended interviews was conducted, and thematic coding was used for data analysis.Results: The study found that there are several challenges pertaining to the effective implementation of IEIs to foster youth employment in South African municipalities. This is attributed to a lack of funding and educational programmes.Conclusion: The main recommendation is that all municipalities must establish IEIs and devise strategies to ensure that these are implemented effectively.Contribution: This study contributes to improved municipal governance through providing innovative mechanisms that foster effective and efficient implementation of IEIs in South African local government. This contribution aims to ensure that municipalities discharge their constitutional mandate to improve citizens’ standard of living through IEIs, especially in areas with high youth unemployment.
Integrating ecosystems: The synergistic effects of digital innovation hubs on start-up growth
Authors: Gumbo Edwell , Moos Menisha
Published: September 2024

Background: South Africa faces significant socio-economic challenges, with unemployment rate. This highlights the need for economic strategies to generate employment, and start-ups are crucial in this context, as they foster innovation, create jobs and increase competitiveness.Aim: The study aims to investigate how digital innovation hubs (DIHs) influence start-up growth, focusing on their roles and functions.Setting: The research is set within the context of DIHs in Africa, specifically examining the 12 DIHs established under the AEDIBNET programme.Methods: A qualitative methodology was employed, using semi-structured interviews with six DIH managers and 28 entrepreneurs or start-up founders.Results: Supporting start-up growth, holistic development support and integrated ecosystem enhancement by DIHs emerged as key themes. These factors foster a conducive environment for innovation and sustained growth.Conclusion: Digital innovation hubs play a crucial role in supporting start-up growth by providing comprehensive and integrated support systems. Their functions collectively enhance start-up growth.Contribution: This study fills a critical gap in the existing literature on DIHs, offering empirical insights into their impact on start-up growth within the African context. The findings provide valuable implications for policymakers, practitioners and researchers aiming to foster the growth of start-ups. Additionally, the study integrates and expands upon knowledge spillover theory, institutional theory and cluster theory. It demonstrates how DIHs facilitate knowledge sharing, provide formal support structures, foster informal networks, and create and sustain entrepreneurial clusters.
Violent State of Postpartum Psychosis
Authors: Singh Ruchita , Dikkatwar Manoj , Vaghasiya Jitendra , Bindu Radhika , Chand Sharad
Published: September 2024

Postpartum psychosis is an alarming health condition that affects women as well as the child if untreated. A 23-year-old female patient brought to the psychiatric unit with a 15-day urinary tract infection (UTI) and a lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) P1 A0 L1 - 20 days prior, was diagnosed with postpartum psychosis. The symptoms included abnormal behavior, irrelevant talking, fear, suspicion, sleep disturbance, delusion, and hallucination, as well as an unwillingness to breastfeed her infant and attempts to harm the newborn. Pus cells, RBCs, epithelial cells with blood traces, nitrites, and bacteria were all present in her urine analysis report. The patient was admitted for 25 days, treated with a non-pharmacological and pharmacological approach, counseled by psychiatric and was discharged after recovery.
Comparison of the Thyromental Distance, Thyrohyoid Distance, and Mallampati Scores in Prediction of Difficult Intubation in Patients Undergoing General Anaesthesia: An Observational Study
Authors: Artawan I Made , Rante Su Djie To , Sagita Sidarta
Published: September 2024

Background:

Several studies have been conducted to assess the accuracy of predictors of difficult intubation, but the results are still very variable. This study aims to discover the incidence of difficult intubation in our cohort. We also compared the accuracy of the Mallampati score, thyromental distance, and thyrohyoid distance in predicting intubation difficulties in patients who will undergo surgery under general anesthesia.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective, observational study was conducted on 100 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and had their Mallampati score, thyromental distance, and thyrohyoid distance measured preoperatively. After inducing anesthesia, the degree of difficulty in intubation was assessed using the Cormack-Lehane grading. The Mallampati score, thyromental distance, and thyrohyoid distance were then tested for accuracy as predictors of the occurrence of difficult intubation using the binomial logistic regression.

Results:

The incidence of difficult intubation was 21%. We found a significant difference (P < 0.001) between the Mallampati score and the degree of intubation difficulty, where subjects with a Mallampati score of 1–2 experienced fewer intubation difficulties. The mean thyromental distance differed significantly between subjects with and without difficulty intubating (6.3 ± 0.6 vs. 4.6 ± 0.6 cm, P < 0.001). There was also a significant difference in the mean thyrohyoid distance between subjects with and without difficulty intubating (3.6 ± 0.4 vs. 2.0 ± 0.2, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Mallampati score, thyromental distance, and thyrohyoid distance were not significant as single predictors of difficult intubation, but they were significant when combined.
A Comprehensive Approach to Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Management through Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding and Surgical Repair in a Neonate
Authors: Yadav Lucky , Mattu Navraj , Mehra Pravesh , Jain Pooja
Published: September 2024

This case report details the successful application of nasoalveolar molding (NAM) in a 4-day-old neonate with a complete unilateral cleft lip and palate, showcasing a comprehensive treatment approach involving presurgical NAM and subsequent surgical repair. The NAM technique, pioneered by Barry H. Grayson, utilizes a specialized appliance to shape the alveolar ridge and nasal cartilage concurrently. The case demonstrates favorable outcomes, with the alveolar segments brought closer to normalcy after approximately 4 months of NAM. The patient underwent further surgical repair, as per the protocol emphasizing the interdisciplinary approach in cleft management.
Erosive Influence of Amazonian Tucupi on Microshear Bond Strength to Enamel and Dentin
Authors: Carneiro Reginna Vyctória Da Trindade Souza De Melo , Ribeiro Mara Eliane Soares , Wanderley Marina Lima , Sousa Naama Waléria Alves , Carneiro Paula Mendes Acatauassú , Chisté Renan Campos , Loretto Sandro Cordeiro
Published: September 2024

Background:

The scientific literature has studies that assess the influence of erosive challenges with citric acidic drinks and substances on the adhesive bond strength to enamel and dentin, but does not contain information about the influence of regional components of an acidic diet on this process. Thus, this study evaluated the erosive influence of Amazonian tucupi on enamel and dentin microshear bond strength.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and sixty-eight healthy bovine incisors teeth were used, divided into 12 groups (n = 14). For erosive cycling, distilled water (negative control), cola-based soft drink (positive control), or tucupi were used, followed by adhesive strategies of (1) etch-and-rinse (conventional) (Adper™ Single Bond 2) and (2) self-etching (Clearfil SE Bond). All specimens were subjected to erosive cycling for 5 days and, after 24 h, composite resin cylinders were built up for the microshear bond strength test. The data showed normal distribution and were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post and test (P ≤ 0.05).

Results:

There were no significant differences in enamel (P > 0.05). In dentin, only the groups exposed to cola-based soft drink showed significant differences (P < 0.01). The failure mode showed that Type II (mixed) was predominant (95%).

Conclusion:

The erosive challenge with tucupi did not influence the bond strength to enamel and dentin, regardless of the adhesive strategy used.
A Systematic Review on Management of Infantile Hemangiomas: How Far We Have Reached in this Past Decade
Authors: Jangid Shivani Deepak , Madke Bhushan , Bhatt Drishti , Singh Adarsh Lata
Published: September 2024

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a common condition in children. It may lead to cosmetic disfigurement, functional impairment, and various complications. There are various treatment options available for this condition. This article aims to discuss the various therapeutic options available for the treatment of IH. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase (from December 2013 to December 2023) for human studies/case reports/case series assessing the management of IH. We reviewed 198 papers including different therapeutic regimens. β-blockers other than propranolol, such as nadolol, timolol, atenolol, acebutolol, and captopril, have shown comparable results to propranolol. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser have shown promising results. Other therapies observed were sclerotherapy, cryotherapy, and surgical resection. A conventional combination of β-blockers with a laser might be the first-line treatment to arrest the growth of IH. PDL has shown promising results.
Idiopathic Localized Involutional Lipoatrophy Responsive to Injection Normal Saline: A Case Series
Authors: Jaiswal Prashansa , Dua Aishwarya , Shloka Shilpi , Sirohi Aaditya
Published: September 2024

Background:

Localized involutional lipoatrophy (LIL) is a rare distinctive idiopathic form of localized lipoatrophy. It is characterized by loss of adipose tissue without antecedent inflammation and was first described by Peters and Winkelmann in 1986. There have been only a few reports on LIL in the English literature. We, herein, report cases series of idiopathic LIL (ILIL) and determine the efficacy of injection normal saline in such patients.

Objectives:

The aim of the study was (1) to study the clinical features and evolution of lesions in patients diagnosed with ILIL and (2) to determine the efficacy of injection normal saline in such patients.

Materials and Methods:

It was a retrospective study conducted in the department of dermatology at a tertiary care center from May 2021 to April 2023. We included all clinically suspected cases of ILIL with characteristic histopathological findings who were treated with injection normal saline. All cases with history of antecedent injections, vaccination, or medications before the development of lesion were excluded from the study.

Results:

The median age of presentation was 3 years. Ten (71%) patients were male, while 4 (29%) were female. All patients had lesion on buttocks and all were unilateral. Overall, 10/14 (71%) patients responded to the treatment.

Conclusions:

This report demonstrates that serial saline injections provide a safe, relatively rapid, cost-effective, and uncomplicated solution to idiopathic involutional lipoatrophy.
An Interesting Case Report of Trichodysplasia Spinulosa in a Case of B-cell Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Choithani Payal H. , Rane Meghana Chandrashekhar , Thakur Dipti , Kharkar Vidya D
Published: September 2024

Trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) is a rare dermatologic condition characterized by follicular-based shiny papules and alopecia with characteristic histopathologic findings. This condition is unique to patients with TS-associated polyoma virus infection who are already immunocompromised. We present one such case of a 10-year-old male, who presented with spiny papules all over the body within a span of 1 month which could not be categorized into any other follicular keratinization disorder on the basis of dermoscopy and histopathology. Our case is unique in the aspect that the patient developed the rash after completion of his chemotherapy. Furthermore, dermoscopy of such a case was not highlighted in earlier literature.
A Study of Clinical, Radiological, and Etiological Profiles of Patients with Cavitary Lung Disease
Authors: Rajeev Vyshnavi , Keerthi Prakash , Narasimhan R.
Published: September 2024

Background:

This study aims to find out the distribution pattern of cavitary lung disease across clinical, radiological, and etiological variables.

Methods:

This is an observational monocentric retrospective study conducted in Apollo Hospital, Greams Road, Chennai, between August 2022 and May 2023. After excluding cases lacking follow-up and no clinical data, 50 patients with cavitary lung disease who underwent bronchoscopy were included in this study. Data such as demographics, smoking status, clinical presentation, comorbidities, and radiological features were obtained.

Results:

Of the 50 participants, the majority had tuberculosis (TB), fungal, and bacterial infections. Fungal cavities were common in males with uniform age distribution and had cavities with air crescent signs. Bronchoscopy was inconclusive in most of them and required either computed tomography or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)-guided biopsy to establish a diagnosis. The most common malignancy was squamous cell carcinoma, and autoimmune disease was granulomatous polyangiitis.

Conclusion:

Our study shows that the presence of cavities points more toward TB. One of the key measures in making TB treatment and control activities a success is identifying patients at high risk of transmission and poor outcomes like patients with cavities. However, it is important to exclude other diagnoses like malignancy where the prognosis can be fatal.
A Case of Bilateral Chylothorax with Generalized Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Rajeev Vyshnavi , Mehrin Riha , Narasimhan Aarthi
Published: September 2024

Chylothorax is the presence of chylus in the pleural cavity and is due to the damage or blockage of the thoracic duct. Surgery or trauma is the most common cause of chylothorax. Malignant lymphoma is the most common cause among nontraumatic etiology. Whenever a chylothorax of unknown etiology occurs, we should rule out underlying malignant lymphoma. Here, we present a case of lymphoma presented with bilateral chylothorax.
Gender-wise Description of Morphometric Measures of Knee Joint Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sharma Sonika , Gupta Rakesh , Jain Sanjeev Kumar , Rastogi Rajul
Published: September 2024

Background:

Customization of Total Knee Replacement (TKR) and the design of knee prostheses are paramount. Conventionally, surgeons select from a spectrum of pre-fabricated implants, assessing their fit based on the patient’s knee morphology via magnetic resonance imaging.

Aim and Objective:

This research endeavours to identify and quantify gender-related variations in knee morphometry by examining the distal femur and proximal tibia of the population of North India.

Materials and Methods:

A Descriptive cross-sectional study included 59 males and 59 females’ knees. A 1.5 TESLA MRI unit (Avanto Magnetomtim + dot system, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) was utilized for imaging. The morphological features of proximal Tibia and distal femur were taken. Correlation between morphometric parameters were calculated using Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient. P-value <0.05 was set statistically significant.

Results:

All the FEMUR parameters were significantly higher in males than females. The mean FML in males was 8.04±0.50SD and in females was 6.97±0.33SD (P<0.05). Mean FMAP in males was 5.98±0.46SD and in females it was 5.36±0.35SD (P<0.05). All the TIBIA parameters were significantly higher in males than females. The mean TML in males was 7.56±0.37SD and in females was 6.49±0.28SD (P<0.05). Mean TAP in males was 4.64±0.41SD and in females it was 4.13±0.25 (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

Variations in bone dimensions were attributed to a complex interplay of genetic, ethnic, and environmental factors. In conclusion, this study makes a substantial contribution to the understanding of knee joint morphology.
Study of Left Coronary Artery and Its Variations: A Cadaveric Study from Gujarat Region
Authors: Bhardwaj Jyoti , Shrimankar Paras Sanjay , Trivedi Dipali Jayesh , Vaishnav Devanshi Jagdishbhai
Published: September 2024

Background:

A lot of variations have been analyzed in the case of the left coronary artery (LCA) which makes it a leading cause of death globally. Therefore, awareness of normal and variant anatomy of this artery in relation to its main trunk and branches is the key to physicians, cardiologists, and radiologists in the management of various cardiac pathologies.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty embalmed and formalin-fixed adult human cadaveric hearts of both genders with no history or signs of pathology were dissected meticulously during educational hours.

Results and Conclusion:

Among 80 hearts studied, 71 hearts left coronary ostia were located below the sinotubular junction. The mean distance of left coronary ostia from the supravalvular ridge lying above and below was 2.93 ± 0.39 mm and 2.72 ± 0.92 mm, respectively. The mean diameter of the left coronary ostium was 3.67 ± 0.94 mm. The mean length and diameter of the LCA main trunk (LCAMT) were 13.06 ± 2.42 mm and 4.93 ± 0.60 mm, respectively. The most common branching pattern of LCAMT was bifurcation. The most frequent range of length of left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex (Cx) artery was 10–12 cm and 6.5–8 cm, respectively. The most common termination point of LAD was at the anterior one-third part of posterior interventricular sulcus and for Cx artery was between the crux and obtuse border of the heart. Right coronary dominance was the most common.
A Comparative Study of Immunohistochemical, Hematoxylin and Eosin, and Giemsa Stains for Demonstration of Helicobacter pylori in Cases of Chronic Antral Gastritis
Authors: Goyal Neeti , Srinivas V. , Gupta Arun , Bhatia Jasvinder Kaur , Sharma Pragya , Mishra Prabha Shankar , Chawla Naveen , Kapoor Umesh
Published: September 2024

Background:

Chronic gastritis is a common gastrointestinal problem all over the world. It is most frequently associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). These Gram-negative bacilli can be detected by different methods, both invasive and noninvasive techniques. It has been found in studies that there is no single gold standard stain, for detection of H. pylori, on endoscopic biopsies which is universally applicable to all laboratories.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective study carried out in the department of pathology of a tertiary care hospital. One hundred patients of chronic antral gastritis using simple random sampling irrespective of age and sex diagnosed clinically formed the study population. Comparison among three different stains, i.e., hematoxylin and eosin (H and E), Giemsa, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), on all endoscopic gastric biopsies was carried out.

Results:

Of the three methods compared for detection of H. pylori, the maximum sensitivity to detect H. pylori was seen by IHC ie 98.25%, while Giemsa stain showed sensitivity of 94.92 % and H and E stain showed a sensitivity off 83.58%. While we observed a specificity and positive predictive value of around 78.78% & 88.89% respectively for H and E, specificity and positive predictive value of around 58.54% & 76.7% respectively for Giemsa and specificity and positive predictive value of around 51.2% & 66.67%respectively for IHC.Hence on comparative analysis though sensitivity with IHC is more , however specificity and positive predictive value to detect Hpylori is the lowest of all three.

Conclusion:

We conclude that even though many stains including IHC can detect H. pylori, the simplest and cheapest way of detection is by conventional stain, i.e., H and E stain, which is sufficient for detection of H. pylori in the diagnosis of chronic gastritis.
Impacts of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis on Rheumatoid Arthritis Activity and Its Complication Among Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Diab Baneen Ali , Obaid Rana Fadhil
Published: September 2024

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder. Autoimmune thyroid disease often coexists with RA and is associated with elevated cardiovascular (CV) risk. This risk was pronounced in women and the elderly. RA patients should be closely monitored to prevent the development of hypothyroidism.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis on rheumatoid arthritis activity and its complication among Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Materials and Methods:

This study is a cross-sectional observational study involving 140 participants diagnosed with RA (according to rheumatologist physicians in accordance with ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess serum levels of anti-CCP, Ab-TPO, TSH, T4, and lipid profile. As well as troponin, myoglobin, and creatine kinase were measured. RA activity was estimated according to DAS-28-ESR and CDAI. Patients included 16 males and 124 females, ranging between the ages of 20 and 60 years.

Results:

The current study revealed a significant difference between anti-TPO levels in the serum of RA patients with DAS-28ESR (P = 0.006). Also, the study showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.436) between anti-TPO and DAS-28-ESR.

Conclusion:

HT is frequent among patients with RA. Therefore, there is a need for screening of thyroid hormone dysfunction as well as the presence of anti-TPO in RA patients particularly in young patients, females, and those with high disease activity. No significant differences in the occurrence of CVD among RA patients with HT and euthyroid RA patients.