bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rutinerede praksisser og magiske artefakter. Forandringer af livsstil i hverdagen
Authors: Schøler Maja
Published: December 2017

I denne artikel undersøger jeg en gruppe overvægtige mænds erfaringer med at ændre ureflekterede og rutinerede praksisser i hverdagen. Jeg fokuserer på de råd og artefakter, som mændene bliver introduceret for på et kommunalt livsstilskursus, og som de efterfølgende anvender i deres forsøg på at ændre rutiner. Udgangspunktet for analysen er en tilgang, hvor artefakterne ses som betydningsfulde i sig selv. Ved hjælp af begreberne selvteknologi, fetich og magi diskuterer jeg, hvordan artefakterne bliver betydningsfulde i deltagernes forandringsprocesser, fordi de både hjælper deltagerne til at blive opmærksomme på deres usunde rutiner og fungerer som mediatorer mellem idealet om en sundere levemåde og individuelle erfaringer og råderum. Jeg viser, hvordan artefakterne er med til at øge deltagernes opmærksomhed på deres usunde rutiner, som er hensigten med introduktionen af artefakterne på livsstilskurset, men også hvordan artefakterne transformerer abstraktioner om en sundere livsstil til konkrete handlinger. De medvirker til, at de ureflekterede rutiner bliver til kendte og reflekterede hverdagspraksisser.
Den egyptiske revolution 2011 og det gode liv – en analyse af slogans og sange
Authors: Mex-Jørgensen Line
Published: December 2017

Artiklen analyserer forestillinger om det gode liv, som de kom til udtryk i udvalgte sange og slogans på Tahrir-pladsen under den egyptiske revolution i 2011. Det gode liv forstås i denne artikel i kontekst af moderne forståelser om social orden og individets plads heri. I artiklen beskrives det, hvordan livet før revolutionen blev set som et kuet liv i ydmygelse, mens livet under revolutionen blev set som et stolt liv i handlen. Herfra konkluderes det, at omdrejningspunktet i forestillingerne om det gode liv, som de kom til udtryk i slogans og sange under den egyptiske revolution, er agens.The article analyses imaginaries of the good life as they were expressed in selected slogans and songs during the Egyptian revolution in 2011. In slogans and songs from the revolution, life before the revolution is described as a cowed life in humiliation whereas life during the revolution is described as a proud life where people can act on their own. From these descriptions, the article finds that agency is the focal point in the imaginaries of the good life as they were expressed in slogans and songs during the Egyptian revolution. Theoretically, the article takes its point of departure in theories of modernity and modern subjectivity formation. The article argues that the imaginaries of the good life expressed during the Egyptian revolution draws on global, modern imaginaries. These global imaginaries are, however, interpreted locally. By placing the Egyptian revolution and the slow social transformation it represents in a specific modern context, the article argues that it is indeed both possible andfruitful to analyze Egyptian social matters as belonging to the modern social order.
Christian Prigent's Mimological Machine: Le Monde est marrant and La Vie moderne
Authors: Poiana Peter
Published: December 2017

Christian Prigent views his writing as an effort to expose the 'parler faux' of ambient discourses and condemn the impoverishment of language and ideas by the media industry, in particular. Prigent's later texts work on the principle that the acceleration, intensification and gratification
that characterize an image-driven society result in the disempowerment of its citizens. Prigent responds with a critical poetics that this study endeavours to describe with reference to two texts: Le Monde est marrant (2008) and La Vie moderne (2012). These texts devise techniques
of vocal imitation (which, adopting Gérard Genette's neologism, we call mimological) as a means of addressing those techniques by which the media industry creates credulous and consumption-ready subjects. This critical poetics constitutes a system, it is argued, because it deploys
a limited set of combinations as a way of figuring an aberration of an existing system. Prigent's mimetic system demonstrates how poetry offers a means of grasping the harsh realities of the twenty-first century.
Looking Beyond the Political in Driss Chraïbi's Le Passé simple and Kamel Daoud's Meursault, contre-enquête
Authors: Qadiri Sura
Published: December 2017

Recent years have seen an aesthetic turn in postcolonial literary studies. There has been a widespread call for a move away from over-emphasis on the political context and content of postcolonial literary texts, because this leads to a reductive mining of these for political opinion.
Instead, critics advocate a greater engagement with their literariness, with their different generic forms and poetic styles. It can be difficult, however, to look beyond any political comment such texts might be making on account of the politically charged contexts from which they emerge,
particularly if their authors publicly express strong political views. This study looks at two novels that have strong political overtones, and that are written by politically outspoken authors and narrated in the first person by politically opiniated narrators; Driss Chraïbi's Le Passé
simple (1954) and Kamel Daoud's Meursault, contre-enquête (2013). I will look at the possibilities of reading each text as a comment on literary practice that carries significance beyond its political setting.
A cost-effectiveness analysis of E/C/F/TAF vs three boosted regimens in the Italian context
Authors: Pradelli Lorenzo , Di Perri Giovanni , Rizzardini Giuliano , Martelli Elisa , Giardina Stefano , Povero Massimiliano
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has transformed HIV into a lifelong condition. Following the chronicity of the disease, and significant increase in lifespan – the prevalence of comorbidities increased in HIV+ subjects that are exposed both to a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, renal disease, osteopenia/osteoporosis and diabetes, and to the risk of developing them early. Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate (E/C/F/TAF), a complete, Single-Tablet antiretroviral Regimen (STR) that combines the effectiveness and tolerability of integrase inhibitors with an innovative backbone was recently introduced in Italy. Compared to Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF), TAF reaches the sites of action more efficiently, reducing tenofovir plasma concentration to more than 90% and the risk of off-target effects.OBJECTIVE: A patient-level micro-simulation model was adapted to the Italian context to evaluate E/C/F/TAF cost-effectiveness vs three boosted regimens for HIV+ patients treatment.METHODS: A Markov micro-simulation model was adapted to the Italian context for the evaluation of the cost-effectiveness in patients with HIV. The total cost per patient accounts for drug therapies and the management of adverse events and comorbidities. The quality-adjusted life expectancy (in QALYs) is calculated by weighing the years of life lived by the utility weights. A 70-year time horizon was adopted to simulate a lifetime analysis; shorter time horizons were considered in the sensitivity analyses. 3.5% discount rate was applied both for costs and future benefits. The rate of virologic suppression at 48 weeks with E/C/F/TAF is 92.3%; for the other treatments such proportion is calculated by applying to the reference rate the relative risks, as calculated in a recent network meta-analysis (NMA). Alternative treatments considered in this analysis are three boosted regimens commonly used in Italy: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/elvitegravir/cobicistat in STR; tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine + darunavir/ritonavir; tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine + atazanavir/ritonavir.RESULTS: E/C/F/TAF improves survival and quality of life (20.17 LY and 14.89 QALY), with the lowest total cost (€ 280,528), thus resulting dominant over three comparators considered as starting therapy. The sensitivity analysis confirms the results of the base case: at a willingness-to-pay threshold of € 30,000 per QALY, the E/C/F/TAF strategy is the most cost-effective, with a 90% probability and it is the most cost-effective even with a threshold of € 10,000 per QALY, with a 50% probability.CONCLUSION: E/C/F/TAF can be a sustainable alternative to currently available treatments, combining the advantage of the STR to lower risks of kidney and bone damage than observed in regimens based on TDF.
Une métaphysique propre à Thomas d’Aquin ?
Authors: Delaporte Guy-François
Published: December 2017

Le thème de la Métaphysique de l’acte d’être a connu un succès jamais démenti au cours du siècle dernier, avec des auteurs comme Gilson, Maritain ou Fabro, pour ne citer que les plus célèbres. Pourtant, des questions de fond n’ont jamais reçu de réponse satisfaisante, et ont laissé le sentiment d’une doctrine inachevée et inachevable. Trois observations contribuent à cette insatisfaction : la quasi-absence d’une telle problématique chez Thomas d’Aquin, les désaccords entre certains points de la théorie ainsi qu’entre les auteurs, et les incompatibilités avec certains thèmes centraux de la philosophie de Thomas d’Aquin.
Establishment and quality evaluation of a glioma biobank in Beijing Tiantan Hospital
Authors: Kong Fanhong , Zhang Wenli , Qiao Lin , Li Qi , Li Haowen , Cao Jingli , He Wenyan , Dong Chengya , He Yanjiao , He Lu , Liu Li , Fu Weilun , Liu Lijun , Li Zirui , Wang Yajie
Published: December 2017

Background: We established a glioma biobank at Beijing Tiantan Hospital in November, 2010.Specialized staffs have been trained to collect, store and manage the biobank in accordance with standard operating procedures.

Methods: One hundred samples were selected to evaluate the quality of glioma samples stored in the liquid nitrogen tank during different periods (from 2011 to 2015) by morphological examination, RNA integrity determination, DNA integrity determination, housekeeping gene expression and protein integrity determination.

Results: The majority of samples (95%) remain high RNA quality for further analysis with RIN≥6. All samples remain high DNA and protein quality without significant degradation.

Conclusion: Storage conditions of our biobank are suitable for long-term (at least 5 years) sample preservation with high molecular quality.
Conserved noncoding transcription and core promoter regulatory code in early Drosophila development
Authors: Batut Philippe J , Gingeras Thomas R
Published: December 2017

Multicellular development is driven by regulatory programs that orchestrate the transcription of protein-coding and noncoding genes. To decipher this genomic regulatory code, and to investigate the developmental relevance of noncoding transcription, we compared genome-wide promoter activity throughout embryogenesis in 5 Drosophila species. Core promoters, generally not thought to play a significant regulatory role, in fact impart restrictions on the developmental timing of gene expression on a global scale. We propose a hierarchical regulatory model in which core promoters define broad windows of opportunity for expression, by defining a range of transcription factors from which they can receive regulatory inputs. This two-tiered mechanism globally orchestrates developmental gene expression, including extremely widespread noncoding transcription. The sequence and expression specificity of noncoding RNA promoters are evolutionarily conserved, implying biological relevance. Overall, this work introduces a hierarchical model for developmental gene regulation, and reveals a major role for noncoding transcription in animal development.
Seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pré e pós-emergência da cultura do cártamo
Authors: Castro Edicarlos Batista de , Belapart Diego , Carbonari Caio Antonio , Zanotto Maurício Dutra , Ben Ronei , Macedo Gabrielle De Castro , Simões Plinio Saulo
Published: December 2017

O cultivo do cártamo tem aumentado nos últimos anos, principalmente para a produção de biodiesel. O controle de plantas daninhas a fim de evitar perdas na produtividade da cultura faz se necessário. Desta forma, uma alternativa que surge é o uso de herbicidas seletivos para a cultura. Objetivou-se verificar a seletividade de herbicidas em pré e pós-emergência para a cultura do cártamo. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos adotando-se delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Para o primeiro experimento com aplicações em pré-emergência os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 6 x 2 + 1, enquanto que para o segundo experimento, com as aplicações em pós-emergência os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 7 x 2 + 1. Em ambos experimentos, o fator A correspondeu aos diferentes herbicidas e o fator B às doses utilizadas, e o tratamento adicional consistiu de testemunha sem aplicação de herbicidas. Foram realizadas avaliações visuais de fitointoxicação nas plantas aos 7, 14 e 21 dias após a aplicação, altura de plantas, estande e produtividade. Os herbicidas chlorimuron-ethyl (20 e 40 g i.a. ha-1), flumioxazin (50 e 100 g i.a. ha-1), imazaquin (161 e 322 g i.a. ha-1), s-metolachlor (1440 e 24000 g i.a. ha-1) e sulfentrazone (300 g i.a. ha-1), aplicados em pré-emergência, e os herbicidas sethoxydim (184 g i.a. ha-1), fluazifop-p-butyl (375 e 750 g i.a. ha-1) haloxyfop-methyl (60 e 120 g i.a. ha-1) e clethodim (108 g i.a. ha-1), aplicados em pós-emergência foram seletivos para a cultura do cártamo.
Efeito do paraquat e glyphosate sobre espécimes de poaceae e convolvulaceae em condições de déficit hídrico
Authors: Barreto Lívia Felicio , Decaro Ricardo Augusto , Silva Marina Gomes da , Griesang Fabiano , Ferreira Marcelo Da Costa
Published: December 2017

O uso de herbicidas é uma prática muito utilizada para o controle de plantas daninhas. Entretanto, sua eficácia pode ser comprometida pela menor disponibilidade de água no ambiente, influenciando na absorção, translocação e metabolismo destes pelas plantas. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar o efeito dos herbicidas paraquat (Gramoxone) e glyphosate (Roundup Original) para o controle de capim-braquiária [Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D.Webster (Poaceae)] e corda-de-viola [Merremia cissoides (Lam.) Hallier f. (Convolvulaceae)], em condições de déficit hídrico. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado e esquema fatorial 5×3, com três repetições. Foram consideradas cinco épocas de indução de déficit hídrico (0, 1, 3, 5 e 7 dias) e três caldas de pulverização [paraquat, glyphosate e testemunha (com a aplicação de água, apenas)]. As avaliações de porcentagem de controle foram realizadas aos 2, 5, 7, 10, 14 e 21 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. Aos 21 dias foi determinado o teor de massa seca das plantas daninhas. Pelos resultados obtidos, observou-se que a partir de 5 dias com déficit hídrico, a eficácia dos herbicidas paraquat e glyphosate para o controle de capim-braquiária e corda-de-viola foi reduzida.
The Error Structure of the SMAP Single and Dual Channel Soil Moisture Retrievals
Authors: Dong Jianzhi , Crow Wade T. , Bindlish Rajat
Published: December 2017

Knowledge of the temporal error structure for remotely sensed surface soil moisture retrievals can improve our ability to exploit them for hydrologic and climate studies. This study employs a triple collocation analysis to investigate both the total variance and temporal autocorrelation of errors in Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) products generated from two separate soil moisture retrieval algorithms, the vertically polarized brightness temperature‐based single‐channel algorithm (SCA‐V, the current baseline SMAP algorithm) and the dual‐channel algorithm (DCA). A key assumption made in SCA‐V is that real‐time vegetation opacity can be accurately captured using only a climatology for vegetation opacity. Results demonstrate that while SCA‐V generally outperforms DCA, SCA‐V can produce larger total errors when this assumption is significantly violated by interannual variability in vegetation health and biomass. Furthermore, larger autocorrelated errors in SCA‐V retrievals are found in areas with relatively large vegetation opacity deviations from climatological expectations. This implies that a significant portion of the autocorrelated error in SCA‐V is attributable to the violation of its vegetation opacity climatology assumption and suggests that utilizing a real (as opposed to climatological) vegetation opacity time series in the SCA‐V algorithm would reduce the magnitude of autocorrelated soil moisture retrieval errors.
Composites of Proteins and 2D Nanomaterials
Authors: Demirel Melik C. , Vural Mert , Terrones Mauricio
Published: December 2017

Recent advances in the nanotechnology of 2D materials, combined with parallel improvements in biotechnology and synthetic biology, have demonstrated that novel and more complex composite materials with desired engineered properties and optimized performance can be achieved. The expanding family of 2D crystals fosters research efforts on nonequilibrium materials such as nanostructured composites and complex heterostructures. In particular, controlled assembly of 2D crystals with biomolecules to form composites attracts special interest since it enables precise control over the physical properties of the resulting material. To facilitate the fabrication of these novel bio‐inorganic composite materials by design, it is crucial to understand and control molecular interactions between 2D crystals and the complementary bio‐system. In particular, protein‐based materials with the ability to initiate multiple physical or chemical interactions with 2D crystals prove to be a suitable match for constructing functional bio‐inorganic composites with programmable properties using molecular biology tools. In this review, a detailed survey on emerging nanostructured composites of 2D materials and proteins is presented, and a comprehensive analysis regarding their interactions is provided. Recent and potential applications along with future directions of research regarding the merge of synthetic biology with 2D systems are also discussed.
Niobium Alloying of Self‐Organized TiO2 Nanotubes as an Anode for Lithium‐Ion Microbatteries
Authors: Salian Girish D. , Koo Bon Min , Lefevre Christophe , Cottineau Thomas , Lebouin Chrystelle , Tesfaye Alexander T. , Knauth Philippe , Keller Valerie , Djenizian Thierry
Published: December 2017

Self‐supported titanium dioxide nanotube is explored as a potential negative electrode for 3D Li‐ion (micro) batteries. Apart from the direct contact of the nanotubes with the substrate, the 1D porous structure effectively facilitates the flow of electrolyte into the bulk, alleviates any volume expansion during cycling, and provides a short lithium‐ion diffusion length. The fabrication of self‐supported Nb rich titanium dioxide nanotubes by electrochemical anodization of Ti–Nb alloys is reported. The structure, morphology, and the composition of the Nb alloyed TiO2 nanotubes are studied using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior of the alloyed and the pristine TiO2 nanotubes is investigated by cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of the pristine and the alloyed titania nanotubes reveals that as the niobium concentration increases the capacity increases. The titania nanotubes containing 10 wt% of Nb deliver a higher capacity, with good capacity retention and coulombic efficiency. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis shows that Nb alloying can decrease the overall cell impedance by reducing the charge transfer resistance.
Comparative effectiveness of allergy testing method in driving immunotherapy outcomes
Authors: Kaffenberger Thomas M. , Dedhia Raj C. , Schwarzbach Hannah L. , Mady Leila J. , Lee Stella E.
Published: December 2017

Background

Skin‐prick testing (SPT), in vitro testing (IVT), and intradermal‐dilutional testing (IDT) are methods to detect patient sensitivities to specific allergens and direct immunotherapy dosing. We used objective and subjective measures of improvement to compare outcomes based on test method.

Methods

Patients underwent 1 of 3 protocols: SPT, screening SPT followed by IDT, or IVT. We used institution billing data to do a cost analysis of these tests. The time to maintenance (TTM) therapy was analyzed and patients were stratified into high and low reactors. The Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) was used to quantify symptoms pre‐maintenance and post‐maintenance.

Results

Of 177 patients (SPT, n = 40; IVT, n = 91; IDT, n = 46), 115 (SPT, n = 35; IVT, n = 39; IDT, n = 41) were high reactors. Out of 90 patients (SPT, n = 17; IVT, n = 37; IDT, n = 36) reaching maintenance, 58 were high reactors (SPT, n = 15; IVT, n = 12; IDT, n = 31). Overall, SPT, IVT, and IDT median TTM were 542, 329, and 578.5 days, respectively. IDT TTM was shorter compared to IVT overall and in high reactors (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.91, p = 0.02; HR = 2.12, p = 0.03), but was not significant compared to SPT high reactors (p = 0.33). The IDT cost was $62.66, translating to an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of $0.23 per day of shortened TTM. Median RQLQ change for the SPT, IVT, and IDT groups was 6.5, 1, and 1.5, respectively, but was not significant (p = 0.60).

Conclusion

IDT reached maintenance immunotherapy quicker than IVT but there was no difference compared to SPT. TTM did not correlate with improvements in patient symptoms between testing methods. This study represents a novel comparison of outcomes based on initial allergy testing method.
Perioperative management in endoscopic endonasal skull‐base surgery: a survey of the North American Skull Base Society
Authors: Roxbury Christopher R. , Lobo Brian C. , Kshettry Varun R. , D'Anza Brian , Woodard Troy D. , Recinos Pablo F. , Snyderman Carl H. , Sindwani Raj
Published: December 2017

Background

The objective of this work was to better understand variations in perioperative management in endoscopic endonasal skull‐base surgery (EESBS) and to identify trends in management based upon the practice patterns of North American Skull Base Society (NASBS) members.

Methods

A 29‐question survey evaluating perioperative EESBS management was sent to all NASBS members. Responses were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Subgroup analysis was performed based on participant demographics. A Bonferroni correction was performed and a p value <0.01 was considered statistically significant for subgroup analysis.

Results

Of 651 invitees, 116 responded (17.8%). Participants were primarily from the United States (81.0%), and practiced in academic centers (83.6%). The majority were neurosurgeons (55.2%) or rhinologists (27.6%). Most surgeons (83.6%) advocated use of preoperative intravenous antibiotics (96.6%) and image guidance in all cases (83.6%). Lumbar drains were not recommended for cases in which an intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak was not anticipated (94.8%). Nasoseptal flaps (NSFs) were not recommended in cases without intraoperative CSF leak (84.5%), but were recommended in cases of high‐flow intraoperative CSF leak (97.4%). While postoperative restrictions were highly variable, most providers recommended CSF leak precautions (89.7%), flying restrictions (94.0%), and driving restrictions (95.6%) regardless of intraoperative CSF leak status. Most experts also recommended that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) be avoided for at least 2 weeks when an intraoperative CSF leak is encountered (81.9%).

Conclusion

Despite variation in perioperative management of EESBS patients, important trends were identified by this study. Further investigation is needed to standardize perioperative practice patterns in EESBS.
Morphology and properties of shape memory thermoplastic polyurethane composites incorporating graphene‐montmorillonite hybrids
Authors: Zhou Xing , Hu Bin , Xiao Wen Qiang , Yan Lei , Wang Zheng Jun , Zhang Jian Jun , Lin Hai Lan , Bian Jun , Lu Yun
Published: December 2017

A novel hybrid containing graphene oxide (GO) and montmorillonite (MMT) was first synthesized by solution reaction. Then shape memory thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites incorporating MMT–GO hybrid was fabricated via melt blending. Infrared spectra indicated that GO and MMT have been combined together through chemical hydrogen bonding. Tensile tests showed that MMT‐GO hybrids provided substantially greater mechanical property enhancement than using MMT or GO as filler alone. With only 0.25 wt % loading of MMT–GO hybrid (the mass ratio of MMT:GO is 1:1), there was a relatively high improvement in tensile properties of TPU composites, compared with those of TPU/GO and TPU/MMT composites at the same filler content. Thermal analysis indicated that MMT‐GO hybrids enhanced the thermal decomposition temperatures of TPU composites. Shape memory property tests showed that the shape fixing rate of TPU composites was effectively enhanced by incorporating MMT–GO hybrid. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46149.
Spatial and temporal differences in gonad development, sex ratios and reproductive output, influence the sustainability of exploited populations of the European oyster, Ostrea edulis
Authors: Eagling Lawrence E. , Ashton Elizabeth C. , Jensen Antony C. , Sigwart Julia D. , Murray Darren , Roberts Dai
Published: December 2017

The European native oyster, Ostrea edulis, has been in severe decline since the early 1900s across Europe with many fisheries now declared commercially extinct. In light of this broad scale population decline, the UK has listed O. edulis as a threatened species, requiring conservation action under the Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP). In addition to this designation, in Scotland O. edulis beds is a search feature (SF) and a priority marine feature (PMF) for MPA site selection. These sites are also listed as a feature of conservation importance and included on the OSPAR list of threatened/declining species and habitats.

Recent studies have identified O. edulis populations with heavily male‐skewed sex ratios, which may have contributed to fisheries decline due to reduced levels of fertilization. This species is a protandrous alternating hermaphrodite and individuals may change sex in response to local conditions. This study aimed to assess how sex ratios vary temporally and if this is correlated with temperature, by studying two exploited populations in Loch Ryan, Scotland and Chichester Harbour, England.

This study suggests that the proportion of male phase oysters is positively correlated with water temperature and that the study population in cooler waters had a more balanced sex ratio overall (the Loch Ryan population was significantly similar to 1:1 for 10 of 13 months, whereas in Chichester only 1 of the 7 months was significantly similar).

This study provides evidence to suggest that a critical temperature threshold for sex determination exists in O. edulis and for the Loch Ryan population we suggest that this is 16.5°C. However, further work is required to assess how this threshold may change between sites and how future climate change scenarios might affect the sex ratio of native oyster populations.
Health decision making
Authors: Schwartz Janet
Published: December 2017

Health decision making has become a fundamental part of everyday consumer life. In the relatively simple course of making a meal choice, planning a trip to the gym, or forgetting to pick up a prescription, consumers’ routine choices will cumulatively define their health. In this article, we will explore the marketplace forces that shape health decisions by drawing on classic and contemporary research from marketing, psychology, and health.
A Piecewise Envelope Approach to H∞ Control of Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Liu Kai , Hu Jianghai , Zhou Wenya , Liu Jing , Zhang Shangmin
Published: December 2017

This paper provides a computable approach for the H ∞ control synthesis of nonlinear systems using the piecewise envelope method. Firstly, the computation method of piecewise envelope is presented such that the required piecewise linear differential inclusions (PWLDIs) can be obtained by solving a linear optimization problem. Then, we propose the H ∞ control design method for PWLDIs using piecewise Lyapunov function theory, all the synthesis conditions are formulated as the feasibility of linear matrix inequalities, hence computationally tractable. Because of the inclusion relationship, the H ∞ controllers designed for PWLDIs are also effective for original nonlinear systems. The validity of the proposed approach is tested by application to control a wheeled mobile robot.
Wind Turbine Multivariable Optimal Control Based on Incremental State Model
Authors: Adánez José Miguel , Al‐Hadithi Basil Mohammed , Jiménez Agustín
Published: December 2017

The multivariable optimal control of a wind turbine by an approach based on incremental state model is proposed. The advantages of incremental state model in comparison with the non incremental one are that the control action cancels steady state errors and incremental state solves the problem of computing the target state, choosing zero as an objective. Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and optimal state observer are applied. The effectiveness of the proposed control method, over the non incremental one, is examined by applying the linear controllers to the nonlinear wind turbine model. The results show that incremental LQR control presents good transient response and zero steady state errors, even in presence of disturbances, nonlinearities and modelling errors.
Mid‐life social outcomes for a population‐based sample of adults with ASD
Authors: Farley Megan , Cottle Kristina J. , Bilder Deborah , Viskochil Joseph , Coon Hilary , McMahon William
Published: December 2017

Adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) fall short of social outcomes of non‐ASD peers in mid‐life, as documented by currently published research. The aim of the current study was to extend what is known about social functioning, employment, independent living, and use of social services by examining details of the current life status for a population‐based sample of adults with ASD (mean age = 35.5 years, range = 22.2–51.4). We collected outcome data via direct assessment and informant report for 169 individuals. Three‐fourths of the sample had cognitive abilities in the intellectually disabled range. Social functioning outcomes, as a single measure, mirror those reported previously for other samples, including samples with a high proportion of individuals with normal range intellectual abilities, with 20% achieving the most independent outcomes and 46% requiring high levels of support across most life areas. Participant subgroups who achieved maximal outcomes represented a range of social and intellectual abilities for several outcome metrics. Participants used high levels of public and private supports, yet specific areas of clear, unmet need were also identified. Autism Res 2018, 11: 142–152. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

This paper describes the social functioning outcomes for 169 adults with autism spectrum disorders in mid‐life. Adult participants spanned the full range of functional and cognitive ability levels, with over 75% functioning in the cognitively impaired range. While summary descriptions of outcomes for this sample were similar to those reported for other groups of adults, this report provides detailed information regarding employment outcomes, social relationships, leisure activities, participation in the community, residential situations, public service use, and involvement with law enforcement.
Stenting and overdilating small Gore‐Tex vascular grafts in complex congenital heart disease
Authors: Penford Gemma , Quandt Daniel , Mehta Chetan , Bhole Vinay , Dhillon Rami , Seale Anna , Stumper Oliver
Published: December 2017

Background

Gore‐Tex® grafts are integral in the management of congenital heart disease. Issues of graft stenosis or somatic outgrowth may precipitate high‐risk early surgery, and catheter intervention is a relatively under‐reported management option.

Objectives

To assess efficacy, safety, and outcomes of stenting and overdilating small Gore‐Tex® vascular grafts with the aim of optimizing surgical timing.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of single‐center, 13‐year experience of 93 graft stenting interventions or reintervention in 80 patients, with the aim of relieving stenosis ± overdilation, to depose surgical graft revision or optimize surgical timing and candidacy.

Results

Median preintervention graft diameter was 52% (IQR 43–63) of nominal size, postintervention this increased to median 102% (IQR 96–120) [P < 0.001]. Overdilation was achieved in 54%; of these, the median final internal lumen was 126% (IQR 113–132) [P < 0.001]. Mean oxygen saturations increased from 69% to 82% [P < 0.001]. Adverse event rate was 14.9%; this includes mortality (3.2%) and atrioventricular conduction block (8.5%). Univariate analysis and logistic regression showed a significant relationship between adverse events and young age [P < 0.01], low weight [P < 0.01], univentricular physiology [P < 0.001], use of femoral venous access alone [P = 0.03], and intervention on a right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit [P = 0.03]. Within respective indication groups, 74% were bridged to elective cavopulmonary shunt, 95% were bridged to biventricular surgery, and 78% of long‐term palliative care patients continue under follow‐up.

Conclusions

Gore‐Tex® vascular grafts can be stented effectively and expanded beyond nominal diameters by around +26%. This improves oxygen saturations, providing excellent palliation and optimized surgical timing. Adverse events are most frequent in precavopulmonary shunt patients.

Condensed Abstract

Gore‐Tex® grafts are widely used in the palliation of cyanotic congenital heart disease. Grafts may become stenosed and do not allow for somatic growth. Over a 13 year period, graft stenting was performed in 80 patients (93 technically successful interventions, 4 unsuccessful.) Median internal lumen change was +50% (of nominal graft size), mean oxygen saturation change +13%. Over‐dilation was performed in more than half of the cohort, with a median gain of +26% on nominal graft size. In precavopulmonary shunt patients, there was a moderate incidence of serious complications. Clinically useful deferral of surgery was achieved for the majority.
Incidence, predicting factors, and clinical outcomes of periprocedural myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion in the era of new‐generation drug‐eluting stents
Authors: Kim Jin‐Ho , Kim Byeong‐Keuk , Kim Seunghwan , Ahn Chul‐Min , Kim Jung‐Sun , Ko Young‐Guk , Choi Donghoon , Hong Myeong‐Ki , Jang Yangsoo
Published: December 2017

Objective

This study aimed to examine predictors and clinical outcomes of periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) after chronic total occlusion (CTO) intervention.

Background

There are limited data on the clinical implications of PMI after CTO intervention in the new‐generation drug‐eluting stent (DES) era.

Methods

We enrolled 337 patients who underwent CTO intervention and met the study criteria. We evaluated the incidence and predictors of PMI, defined as an increase in creatine kinase‐MB ≥3× the upper limit of normal (ULN) after intervention and compared the occurrence rates of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE, defined as the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, target‐vessel revascularization, or cerebrovascular accidents) between the PMI and non‐PMI groups.

Results

PMI occurred in 23 (6.8%) patients after CTO intervention. Significant independent predictors were previous bypass surgery [odds ratio (OR) = 5.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17–25.92; P = 0.03], Japan‐CTO score ≥3 (OR = 7.06, 95%CI = 2.57–19.39; P < 0.001), side branch occlusion (OR = 4.21, 95%CI = 1.13–15.66; P = 0.03), and longer procedure time (OR = 4.18, 95%CI = 1.35–12.99; P = 0.01). During a median follow‐up of 29.6 months, the PMI group had a significantly higher MACCE rate than the non‐PMI group (23.7 vs. 5.6%, P = 0.008 by log‐rank test). PMI was an independent predictor of MACCE (HR = 4.26, 95%CI = 1.35–13.43; P = 0.01). The MACCE rate gradually increased in a CK‐MB‐dependent fashion and was highest in patients with ≥10× ULN (P = 0.005).

Conclusion

Previous bypass surgery, high Japan‐CTO score, side branch occlusion, and longer procedure time were strongly related to PMI occurrence after CTO intervention. PMI was significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes in the new‐generation DES era.
Feasibility of early mechanical circulatory support in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: The Detroit cardiogenic shock initiative
Authors: Basir Mir B. , Schreiber Theodore , Dixon Simon , Alaswad Khaldoon , Patel Kirit , Almany Steven , Khandelwal Akshay , Hanson Ivan , George Augustine , Ashbrook Michael , Blank Nimrod , Abdelsalam Murad , Sareen Nishtha , Timmis Steven B.H. , O'Neill MD William W.
Published: December 2017

Objective

The ‘Detroit Cardiogenic Shock Initiative’ is a single‐arm, multicenter study to assess the feasibility of early mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in patients who present with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMICS) who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods

Between July 2016 and February 2017, 4 metro Detroit sites participated in the study. The centers agreed to treat patients with AMICS using a mutually agreed‐upon protocol emphasizing invasive hemodynamic monitoring and rapid initiation of MCS. Inclusion and exclusion criteria mimicked those from the ‘SHOCK’ trial with an additional exclusion criteria being use of intra‐aortic balloon pump counter pulsation prior to MCS.

Results

A total of 41 consecutive patients were included. Patients had an average age of 65 ± 14 years, 71% were male and 59% of patients were admitted to the hospital in cardiogenic shock. Prior to receiving MCS, 93% of patients were on vasopressors or inotropes, 15% of patients had a witnessed out of hospital cardiac arrest, 27% of patients had an in‐hospital cardiac arrest, and 17% were under active cardiopulmonary resuscitation while MCS was being implanted. In accordance to the protocol recommendation, 66% of patients had a MCS device inserted prior to PCI. Right heart catheterization and hemodynamic monitoring was performed in 83% of patients. Door to support times averaged 83 ± 58 minutes and 71% of patients were able to reduce the levels of inotropes and vasopressors within the first 24‐hours of their index procedure. Pre‐procedure cardiac power output (CPO) was 0.57 W and post‐procedure CPO was 0.95 W, a 67% increase (p < 0.001). Survival to explant for the entire cohort was 85% a significant improvement from institutional historical controls (85% vs 51% p < 0.001) and survival to discharge was 76%.

Conclusion

Centers who adopted a regional shock protocol emphasizing the delivery of early MCS with invasive hemodynamic monitoring can achieve rapid door to support times and can improve survival in patients who present with AMICS. Larger national studies will be needed to further validate this pilot feasibility study.
Substituent Effects in Chain‐Breaking Aryltellurophenol Antioxidants
Authors: Poon Jia‐fei , Yan Jiajie , Jorner Kjell , Ottosson Henrik , Donau Carsten , Singh Vijay P. , Gates Paul J. , Engman Lars
Published: December 2017

2‐Aryltellurophenols substituted in the aryltelluro or phenolic parts of the molecule were prepared by lithiation of the corresponding tetrahydropyran‐protected 2‐bromophenol, followed by reaction with a suitable diaryl ditelluride then deprotection. In a two‐phase system containing N‐acetylcysteine as a co‐antioxidant in the aqueous phase, all of the compounds quenched lipid peroxyl radicals more efficiently than α‐tocopherol, with three to five‐fold longer inhibition times. Thus, these compounds offer better and longer‐lasting antioxidant protection than recently prepared alkyltellurophenols. Compounds with electron‐donating para substituents in the aryltelluro or phenolic part of the molecule showed the best results. The mechanism for quenching peroxyl radicals was considered and discussed with respect to the calculated O−H bond‐dissociation energies, deuterium‐labelling experiments and studies of thiol consumption in the aqueous phase.
Microporous MOFs Engaged in the Formation of Nitrogen‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon Nanosheets for High‐Rate Supercapacitors
Authors: Hou Ya‐Nan , Zhao Zongbin , Yu Zhengfa , Zhang Su , Li Shaofeng , Yang Juan , Zhang Han , Liu Chang , Wang Zhiyu , Qiu Jieshan
Published: December 2017

Nitrogen‐doped mesoporous carbon nanosheets (NMCS) have been fabricated from zinc‐based microporous metal–organic frameworks (ZIF‐8) by pyrolysis in a molten salt medium. The as‐prepared NMCS exhibit significantly improved specific capacitance (NMCS‐8: 232 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and capacitance retention ratio (75.9 % at 50 A g−1) compared with the micropore‐dominant nitrogen‐doped porous carbon polyhedrons (NPCP‐5: 178 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, 15.9 % at 20 A g−1) obtained by direct pyrolysis of nanocrystalline ZIF‐8. The excellent capacitive performance and high rate performance of the NMCS can be attributed to their unique combination of structure and composition, that is, the two‐dimensional and hierarchically porous structure provides a short ion‐transport pathway and facilitates the supply of electrolyte ions, and the nitrogen‐doped polar surface improves the interface wettability when used as an electrode.
A General Route to Metal‐Substituted Dipnictenes of the Type [L(X)M]2E2
Authors: Tuscher Lars , Helling Christoph , Wölper Christoph , Frank Walter , Nizovtsev Anton S. , Schulz Stephan
Published: December 2017

Two equivalents of LGa (L=HC[C(Me)N(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)]2) reacted with PX3 (X=Cl, Br) with insertion into two P−X bonds and formation of [L(X)Ga]2PX (X=Cl 1, Br 2), whereas the analogous reaction with AsCl3 occurred with twofold insertion and subsequent elimination of LGaCl2 and formation of the Ga‐substituted diarsene [L(Cl)Ga]2As2 (3). Analogous findings were observed in the reactions with Me2NAsCl2, yielding the unsymmetrically‐substituted diarsene [L(Cl)Ga]As=As[Ga(NMe2)L] (4). The reaction of As(NMe2)3 with LGa gave [L(Me2N)Ga]2As2 (5) after heating at 165 °C for five days, whereas the reaction with LAl gave [L(Me2N)Al]2As2 (6) after heating at only 80 °C for one day. Finally, two equivalents of LGa reacted with Bi(NEt2)3 to give [L(Et2N)Ga]2Bi2 (7). Complexes 1–7 were characterized by NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 31P), elemental analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (except for 1 and 5). The bonding situations in 4, 6, and 7 were analyzed by quantum chemical calculations.
The Role of [BF4]− and [B(CN)4]− Anions in the Ionothermal Synthesis of Chalcogenidometalates
Authors: Santner Silke , Sprenger Jan A. P. , Finze Maik , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: December 2017

The role of borate anions in ionothermal syntheses of crystalline chalcogenidometalates was shown by the directed ionothermal synthesis of seven new selenidostannates in ionic liquids with either [BF4]− or [B(CN)4]− anions. Single crystal structures are presented of four compounds, (C4C1C1Im)5[Sn9Se20][BF4] (1, Im=imidazolium), (DMMPH)4[Sn2Se6] (2, DMMP=2,6‐dimethylmorpholine), (C2C1Im)2(DMMPH)2[Sn6Se14] (3), and K2[Sn3Se7] (4), and how the chosen ionic liquid anion, and the reaction temperature, influences the product spectrum is discussed: Notably, 1 contains an entire formula unit of the ionic liquid, (C4C1C1Im)[BF4], while 4 contains neither the cation nor the anion of the ionic liquid—both observations being very uncommon for ionothermal syntheses. Three further compounds were obtained that exhibit strong disorder in the crystal structures (I‐III), for which only their anionic substructures are discussed herein. Compound 4 and I‐III are based on the same layered selenidostannate substructure, 2D‐{[Sn3Se7]2−}, yet with different inter‐layer distances, which is clearly reflected in the crystal colors and quantitative optical absorption properties.
Phenols as Diamagnetic T2‐Exchange Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents
Authors: Zhang Jia , Li Yuguo , Slania Stephanie , Yadav Nirbhay N. , Liu Jing , Wang Rongfu , Zhang Jianhua , Pomper Martin G. , van Zijl Peter C. , Yang Xing , Liu Guanshu
Published: December 2017

Although T2‐exchange (T2ex) NMR phenomena have been known for decades, there has been a resurgence of interest to develop T2ex MRI contrast agents. One indispensable advantage of T2ex MR agents is the possibility of using non‐toxic and/or bio‐compatible diamagnetic compounds with intermediate exchangeable protons. Herein a library of phenol‐based compounds is screened and their T2ex contrast (exchange relaxivity, r2ex) at 9.4 T determined. The T2ex contrast of phenol protons allows direct detection by MRI at a millimolar concentration level. The effect of chemical modification of the phenol on the T2ex MRI contrast through modulation of exchange rate and chemical shift was also studied and provides a guideline for use of endogenous and exogenous phenols for T2ex MRI contrast. As a proof‐of‐principle application, phenol T2ex contrast can be used to detect enzyme activity in a tyrosinase‐catalyzed catechol oxidation reaction.
Left‐handed helical polymer resin nanotubes prepared by using N‐palmitoyl glucosamine
Authors: Li Jiangang , Li Yi , Li Baozong , Yang Yonggang
Published: December 2017

Although the preparation of single‐handed helical inorganic and hybrid organic‐inorganic nanotubes is well developed, approaches to the formation of single‐handed organopolymeric nanotubes are limited. Here, left‐handed helical m‐phenylenediamine‐formaldehyde resin and 3‐aminophenol‐formaldehyde resin nanotubes were prepared by using N‐palmitoyl glucosamine that can self‐assemble into left‐handed twisted nanoribbons in a mixture of methanol and water. In the reaction mixture, the helical pitch of the nanoribbons decreased with increasing reaction time. The resin nanotubes were obtained after removing the N‐palmitoyl glucosamine template, and circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the organopolymeric nanotubes had optical activity. Carbonaceous nanotubes were then prepared by carbonization of the 3‐aminophenol‐formaldehyde resin nanotubes.