bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Wood Quality Defect Detection System Based on Deep Learning and Multicriterion Framework
Authors: Sun Pingan
Published: July 2022

In order to solve the problems of image perception and quality decision-making of wood defects with typical bionic intelligent algorithms, the existence of multidimensional degradation factors causes serious real problems of image distortion; the author proposes a wood defect image reconstruction and quality evaluation model based on deep reinforcement learning. The model introduced the deep learning mechanism and realized real-time and efficient reconstruction of multidimensional defect images of different wood by using the deep residual network for iterative training. In this model, a panoramic autonomous perception model was constructed for the fine segmentation and feature extraction of multidimensional defects of different wood and a shared resource pool of wood defect features of the magnitude of big data was constructed. Introduce the reinforcement learning mechanism, use the deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm, and establish a high-dimensional decision mapping between the iterative update of defect features, autonomous decision-making, panoramic visualization, depth prediction, and wood quality evaluation; it realizes the horizontal sharing integration of multidimensional difference wood defect image reconstruction and quality evaluation. The results obtained are as follows: in a typical environment, systematic wood quality evaluation, and autonomous intelligent decision-making performance, the coincidence rate with artificial defect recognition and evaluation efficiency can reach 90% and the loss of the training set can be controlled below 0.2%. Compared with the traditional wood quality grading system, the wood defect image reconstruction, and quality evaluation model system designed by the author, the quality evaluation decision-making efficiency rate was 90.19%, an increase of about 20%, and the system decision-making operation and maintenance loss was 2.23%, a decrease of about 10%. It is proved that the system designed by the author can realize the timely detection of wood quality defects very effectively and save a lot of manpower and material resources.
A Study of Information-Based Teaching Strategies for the Saxophone Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Qi Wen-Qiang , Cao Hai-Bin
Published: July 2022

Education is one of the core elements in building the career of an individual. It needs proper strategies and techniques to fulfill the modern world’s requirements, such as intelligent learning systems, intelligent management systems, and intelligent computational systems. At present, there is a dearth of systematic debate on how to proceed along the road of machine learning (ML) and education. As a result, this study focuses on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to promote saxophone informatization teaching strategies, particularly the new strategies brought by deep learning (DL) to saxophone teaching from the perspectives of teaching resources, teaching environment, teaching and learning strategies, teaching management, and teaching evaluation. A matrix decomposition strategy with dynamic weight learning is suggested by keeping the earlier aspects in consideration, which is used to produce a recommendation algorithm that fundamentally incorporates multiple contextual features such as geographic, temporal, and social characteristics, as well as the weight parameter learning process, and essentially constitutes the linear fusion technique’s building approach. All the experiments are carried out on the yelp dataset in order to check if the recommended algorithm is effective or not. The performance of the suggested method is compared to the benchmark algorithms in order to prove that the dynamic weight parameter learning technique is as effective as gradient descent. A comparison of the algorithm that employs one contextual element alone vs the method that uses three contextual factors is also conducted to demonstrate that the linear fusion of several components improves the system’s recommendation performance.
Science Popularization Education regarding Oral Health-General Health for Nonmedical Undergraduates Applying a SPOC Teaching Model
Authors: Luo Jingjing , Cheng Ran , Lei Lei , Cheng Li , Yang Yingming , Hu Tao
Published: July 2022

Objective. To see how effective a blended teaching model based on a small private online course (SPOC) is in a science popularization education course on oral health-general health (OHGH). Methods. The SPOC blended teaching model was created using an elective classroom course “Oral Prophylaxis and Hygiene” in conjunction with an online learning course called “Preventive Dentistry” from the China University massive open online course (MOOC) for the science popularization education on OHGH. Students’ evaluations and teaching efficacy of this science popularization education course were tested using pre- and postcourse questionnaires. Results. In all, 105 valid questionnaires were returned. Before the course, 95.2% of the students expressed an interest in learning more knowledge on oral disease and OHGH. When compared to those of the precourse, students’ knowledge of oral diseases and OHGH was significantly higher (

P
<
0.0001

) and the associated practice after science popularization education was much increased (

P
<
0.0001

or

P
=
0.0005

), except for root canal therapy (

P
=
0.3886

). The scores of students on the scientific popularization task also improved when compared to those of the previous classroom-only teaching (

P
<
0.0001

). In the postcourse questionnaire, students rated the SPOC teaching mode significantly higher than both online learning and classroom teaching alone (

P
<
0.0001

;

P
=
0.0117

); the SPOC blended teaching was judged as more suitable for science popularization education (

P
<
0.0001

). Conclusion. The application of the SPOC teaching mode for the science popularization education course on OHGH to nonmedical undergraduates has better teaching outcomes and is more likely to be accepted by college students.
Analysis of Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Carcinosarcoma of the Breast
Authors: Tian Yao , Liu Xiaofeng , Li Yingxi , Meng Qingxiang , Jia Yumian , Wang Baichuan , He Xianghui
Published: July 2022

Background. Few cases of carcinosarcoma of the breast have been reported because of its low incidence rate and rapid progression. Seeking effective therapeutic methods becomes urgent in clinical practice. This study was aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of carcinosarcoma of the breast and to explore proper therapeutic methods for patients with this rare tumor. Methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis on 47 patients with carcinosarcoma of the breast receiving treatment in our hospital from 2003 to 2020. Most of these patients received primary surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, while four patients had lumpectomy only. Statistics showed no preference in age and menopausal status of patients. Results. The overall survival rate and progression-free survival rate of all patients at a median follow-up time of 33 months were 63.8% and 57.4%, respectively. Tumor size at diagnosis and chemotherapy strategies were both significant prognostic factors in reference to disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of the patients (tumor size:

p
=
0.023

for DFS and

p
=
0.021

for OS; therapeutic method:

p
=
0.041

for DFS and

p
=
0.024

for OS). N stage at diagnosis was significant only with reference to overall survival of the patients (

p
=
0.009

). EGFR expression was positive in some patients. Conclusions. Our results elucidated that the patients received comprehensive therapy, especially adjuvant chemotherapy was indispensable for better outcomes. Early detection and treatment were necessary for a higher survival rate when the tumor size was less than 5 cm without lymph node metastasis. Prospective outcomes with novel strategies targeting EGFR need to be further investigated.
Comparison of Short-Term Restorative Effects and Periodontal Health Status of Restorations Made of Different Materials in Full-Crown Restoration of Mandibular Premolar Tooth Defects
Authors: Zhang Liyan , Tao Zhang , Wang Xiaoxia
Published: July 2022

Purpose. To compare the short-term restorative effect and periodontal health status of restorations with different materials in full-crown restoration of mandibular premolar tooth defects. Methods. A total of 105 cases (123 affected teeth) of mandibular premolar tooth defects who visited the Department of Stomatology between January 2019 and January 2020 were selected, of which 58 cases (68 affected teeth) restored with cobalt-chromium alloy porcelain crowns were included in the metal-ceramic crown (MCC) group and 47 cases (55 affected teeth) repaired by zirconium dioxide all-ceramic crowns were assigned to the zirconia crown (ZC) group. The restorative effect, inflammatory factors (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and periodontal health indicators (human cartilage glycoprotein-39 (YKL-40), resistin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) after treatment, and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results. The ZC group outperformed the MCC group in terms of margin fitness, restoration fracture, gingival condition, and color matching. After restoration, hs-CRP and TNF-α were statistically decreased in both groups, while YKL-40, resistin, AST, and ALP were significantly increased; and compared with the MCC group, hs-CRP, TNF-α, YKL-40, resistin, AST, and ALP were lower in the ZC group. The ZC group also scored statistically higher in retention effect, aesthetic effect, masticatory function, voice function, and comfort. Moreover, the ZC group had a higher total effective rate and a lower incidence of adverse reactions than the MCC group, with statistical significance. Conclusions. Zirconia dioxide all-ceramic crowns contribute to a better short-term restorative effect in the full-crown restoration of mandibular premolar tooth defects, with little impact on periodontal health and high patient satisfaction, which deserves popularization and application.
On Hierarchical Bayesian Spatial Small Area Model for Binary Data under Spatial Misalignment
Authors: Muchie Kindie Fentahun , Wanjoya Anthony Kibira , Mwalili Samuel Musili
Published: July 2022

Small area models have become popular methods for producing reliable estimates for sub-populations (small geographic areas in this study). Small area modeling may be carried out via model-assisted approaches within the model-based approaches or design-based paradigm. When there are medium or large samples, a model-assisted approach may be reliable. However, when data are scarce, a model-based technique may be required. Model-based Bayesian analysis is popular for its ability to combine information from several sources as well as taking account uncertainties in the analysis and spatial prediction of spatial data. Nevertheless, things become more complex when the geographic boundaries of interest are misaligned. Some authors have addressed the problem of misalignment under hierarchical Bayesian approach. In this study, we developed non-trivial extension of existing hierarchical Bayesian model for a binary outcome variable under spatial misalignment with three contributions. First, the model uses unit-level survey data and area-level auxiliary data to predict the posterior mean proportion spatially at the second geographic area level. Second, the linking model is changed to logit-normal model in the proposed model. Lastly, the mean process was considered to overcome the multicollinearity between the true predictors and the spatial random effect. Sensitivity analysis was also done via simulation.
Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: A Retrospective Study of 20 Eyes
Authors: Luo Jing-Yi , Yu Shi-Tong , Xu Xiao-Yu , Lin Xian-Xuan , Luo Rong-Jiang , Long Chong-De
Published: July 2022

Purpose. This study aimed to describe and analyze the clinical features of 20 eyes of 15 primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) patients. Methods. This was a retrospective case series and a review of the literature. Fifteen PVRL patients (20 affected eyes) referred between February 2011 and December 2019 were recruited, and their medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results. Among these 15 PVRL patients, seven were men (46.67%), and five had bilateral PVRL (33.33%). The median onset age was 66 ± 9.26 years and six (40%) patients had central nervous system (CNS) involvement, and two of them died of CNS-related complications. The ocular symptoms varied from decreased vision to binocular diplopia. The ocular manifestations were diverse and involved both the anterior and posterior segments, including the vitreous cells, subretinal white-yellow lesions, cotton-wool spots, and ophthalmoplegia. The rate of misdiagnosis and failure to diagnose was 100%, and 30% of them were misdiagnosed as uveitis. We found five cases revealing rare characteristics of this malignancy. Among them, there were two cases with mild hypertensive retinopathy exhibiting cotton-wool spots, one case mimicking age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one case with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and one patient had extraocular muscle involvement. To the best of our knowledge, we reported PVRL exhibiting cotton-wool spots as the main manifestation and coexisting with extraocular myopathy for the first time. Conclusions. PVRL is a rare intraocular malignancy that commonly masquerades as uveitis. As the clinical signs and symptoms are atypical, ophthalmologists must carefully examine patients to avoid misdiagnosis or a failure to diagnose. Cotton-wool spots and extraocular myopathy might be the dominant initial symptoms in PVRL patients, and AMD should be considered a differential diagnosis of PVRL. SLE patients under immunosuppressive treatment could have spontaneous PVRL.
Effective Data Optimization and Evaluation Based on Social Communication with AI-Assisted in Opportunistic Social Networks
Authors: Li Limiao , Gou Fangfang , Long Huiyun , He Keke , Wu Jia
Published: July 2022

Billions of people around the world send and receive data over online networks daily. Sufficient and redundant data are transmitted over social platforms with AI-assisted in 5G networks. In opportunistic social networks, the main challenge faced by traditional methods is that numerous user nodes participate in data transmission, causing a lot of message copy redundancy and node cache consumption. As a result, the transmission delay of the algorithm is high, the node energy consumption is too large, and even information is lost. To solve these problems, this study establishes an artificial intelligence-based optimization multiple evaluation method. The main purpose of this method is to avoid information loss caused by data loss when reducing data noise, reasonably select communication nodes in opportunistic social network scenarios, optimize data transmission performance, and avoid network congestion. Moreover, our method can effectively identify and exclude potential malicious nodes, reducing the situation that packets are intercepted and discarded. The experiment confirms that the optimized transmission evaluation scheme can effectively reduce routing overheads and energy consumption of a user node, improve the delivery ratio of node data transmission, and ensure the reliability and security of data transmission.
Big Data Value Calculation Method Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Ma Wensheng , Hou Xilin
Published: July 2022

SI is a relatively recent technology that was inspired by observations of natural social insects and artificial systems. This system comprises multiple individual agents who rely on collective behavior in decentralized and self-organized networks. One of the biggest difficulties for existing computer techniques is learning from such large datasets, which is addressed utilizing big data. Big data-based categorization refers to the challenge of determining which set of classifications a new discovery belongs to. This classification is based on a training set of data that comprises observations that have been assigned to a certain category. In this paper, CIN-big data value calculation based on particle swarm optimization (BD-PSO) algorithm is proposed by operating in local optima and to improve the operating efficiency. The convergence speed of the particle swarm optimization (PSO), which operates in the local optima, is improved by big data-based particle swarm optimization (BD-PSO). It improves computing efficiency by improving the method, resulting in a reduction in calculation time. The performance of the BD-PSO is tested on four benchmark dataset, which is taken from the UCI. The datasets used for evaluation are wine, iris, blood transfusion, and zoo. SVM and CG-CNB are the two existing methods used for the comparison of BD-PSO. It achieves 92% of accuracy, 92% of precision, 92% of recall, and 1.34 of F1 measure, and time taken for execution is 149 ms, which in turn outperforms the existing approaches. It achieves robust solutions and identifies appropriate intelligent technique related to the optimization problem.
The Propagation of Thermoelastic Waves in Different Anisotropic Media Using Matricant Method
Authors: Ispulov Nurlybek A. , Zhumabekov Almar Zh. , Qadir Abdul , Kurmanov Almas A. , Sarymova Sholpan N. , Dossumbekov Kairat R. , Arinov Erkin
Published: July 2022

Thermoelasticity is a generalization of classical theories of elasticity and thermal conductivity and describes a wide range of phenomenon. The theory can precisely predict the propagation of thermoelastics waves in case of an isotropic medium. However, the propagation of thermoelastic waves in the anisotropic medium is not fully understood. In this case, the theory of elasticity employs an approximate theory of temperature stress which does not take into consideration the interactions of temperature and deformations. In this paper, an analytical study has been carried out by using method of matricant to investigate the propagation of longitudinal elastic and heat waves in the anisotropic medium of a monoclinic, trigonal, hexagonal, and cubical crystal systems. In this article, a solution to the problem of the propagation of thermal waves and the propagation of a thermal wave along

z

-axis has been obtained. The attenuation coefficient and phase velocity of thermal waves for various materials are determined. Specifically, the problem of propagation of heat waves in one dimension has been solved.
Response Attenuation of a Structure Equipped with ATMD under Seismic Excitations Using Methods of Online Simple Adaptive Controller and Online Adaptive Type-2 Neural-Fuzzy Controller
Authors: Sabetahd Rasoul , Mousavi Ghasemi Seyed Arash , Vafaei Poursorkhabi Ramin , Mohammadzadeh Ardashir , Zandi Yousef
Published: July 2022

The present study aims to design a robust adaptive controller employed in the active tuned mass damper (ATMD) system to overcome undesirable vibrations in multistory buildings under seismic excitations. We propose a novel adaptive type-2 neural-fuzzy controller (AT2NF). All system parameters are taken as unknowns. The MLP neural network is used to extract the Jacobian and estimate the structural model; then, the estimated model is applied to the controller online. To tune the control force applied to the ATMD and achieve the control targets, the controller parameters are adaptively trained using the extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the error back-propagation algorithm. A PID controller is also included in this method to increase the stability and robustness of the adaptive type-2 neural-fuzzy controller against seismic vibrations. An online simple adaptive controller (OSAC) is studied to demonstrate the suggested controller’s superiority. The OSAC is based on adaptive control of the implicit reference model. In this proposed method, the EKF is used to tune the controller parameters online as a novel feature. The uncertainty associated with identifying the mechanical properties of structures, such as mass and stiffness, is one of the primary challenges in the real-time control of structures. This paper investigates how both controllers cope with parametric uncertainties under far-field and near-field seismic excitation. According to numerical results, the AT2NF controller outperforms OSAC in minimizing the dynamic responses of the structure during an earthquake and accomplishing control objectives when the structure’s characteristics change.
Cross-Border Credit Information Sharing Mechanism and Legal Countermeasures Based on Blockchain 3.0
Authors: Liu Cheng-Yong , Dong Tian-Yu , Meng Ling-Xing
Published: July 2022

The development of new technologies drives the digital transformation of the credit reporting industry and also brings new opportunities for cross-border credit reporting cooperation. This study focuses on a cross-border credit information sharing platform based on blockchain 3.0 and its legal guarantee, with an aim to promote the integrated development of credit reporting across the Taiwan Straits. This study first points out the difficulties of cross-border credit information sharing; second, the technical characteristics of blockchain such as distributed storage, point-to-point transmission, security and credibility, open source, and programmability are naturally suitable for solving the information sharing problems in the credit reporting industry. So, this study proposes a framework and a specific design of a cross-strait credit information sharing platform based on blockchain 3.0 infrastructure; finally, in order to ensure the smooth operation of the platform, this study suggests signing a series of nonnormative “soft law” documents in the principles of equality, willingness, and consultation to provide legal guarantee for cross-border credit sharing.
[Retracted] The Effects of Exercise Interventions on Mental Health in Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Wang Lijun , Li Shuwei , Wei Lin , Ren Bo , Zhao Meng
Published: July 2022

Objectives. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to comprehensively evaluate the effects of exercise interventions on mental health in Chinese older adults, according to the effects of intervention methods, intervention duration, intervention frequency, intervention time, measurement tools, and subject types. Methods. We searched CNKI, Wanfang and Technology Journal Database for randomized control trials, 15 original studies were extracted, reporting on 1509 Chinese older adults (Age: 55–79 years old). We used CMA2.0 software. After heterogeneity test, suitable random effect model was selected. Results. Physical exercise had a positive effect on mental health in Chinese older adults, combined effect [SMD = −1.25, 95% CI (−1.66, −0.84), P ≤ 0.001], anxiety combined effect size [SMD = −1.45, 95% CI (−2.08, −0.83), P ≤ 0.001], depression combined effect size [SMD = −1.02, 95% CI (−1.56, −0.48), P ≤ 0.001]. Significant differences in the intervention types, intervention duration, intervention frequency, intervention time, and measurement tools were found. Conclusion. Physical exercise had positive intervention effect on the mental health of the Chinese older adults, which was applicable to all older adults. Exercise rehabilitation was the more effective, and the best intervention effect on the older hypertension. Due to the high heterogeneity of this study and the limited number of included literature, more high‐quality needed to be included in the subsequent studies.
Effects of the Magnetohydrodynamic Flow within the Boundary Layer of a Jeffery Fluid in a Porous Medium over a Shrinking/Stretching Sheet
Authors: Benal Shaila S. , Tawade Jagadish V. , Biradar Mahadev M. , Allasi Haiter Lenin
Published: July 2022

The consequences of magnetohydrodynamic flow inside the boundary layer of a Jeffery fluid in a porous material across a shrinking/stretching sheet are discussed in this paper. The Runge–Kutta fourth-order technique is used to turn partial differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations and solve them using similarity transformation. On the velocity and temperature profiles, the effects of key factors such as “thermal stratification”

e

1

,

λ

1

“Jeffery parameter,” Pr “Prandtl number”, M “Magnetic field,” “Porous parameter”

λ

2

, and “heat generation/absorption” have been visually described. In terms of heat transmission, the Jeffrey nanofluid beats other fluids such as Oldroyd-B and Maxwell nanofluids, according to the findings. According to our findings, the thickness of the boundary layer is explored in both stretching and shrinking. When the “thermal stratification”

e

1

parameter is increased, fluid velocity and temperature rise, while the “heat generation/absorption”

γ

parameter has the opposite effect.
Hierarchical Scheduling Control Method for Cascade Hydro-PV-Pumped Storage Generation System
Authors: Sun Zhang , Wang Jun , Cheng Sixiong , Luo Hong , Zhang Guosheng , Huang Tao
Published: July 2022

High photovoltaic penetration in a power system has significantly challenged its safety and economic operation. To use the complementary characteristics of various renewable energy sources (RESs) fully, a novel hierarchical scheduling control (HSC) method is presented to accommodate the variability and uncertainty of a cascade hydro-PV-pumped storage (CH-PV-PS) generation system. Considering the optimization functions and execution requirements of the CH-PV-PS system, the HSC method is divided into two layers: the dynamic optimization layer and the static optimization layer. The static optimization layer focuses on the economy of the CH-PV-PS system, and the dynamic optimization layer focuses on the safety of the CH-PV-PS system. In the first layer, that is, the static optimization layer, the objectives of the day-ahead and hour-ahead schedules are established, and a heuristic algorithm is combined with a linear programming algorithm to optimize the energy allocation. Considering the uncertainty of the PV power output and hour-ahead load, a real-time schedule is established in the second layer; that is, in the second layer, the dynamic optimization layer, real-time scheduling and prediction of active output are established. Model predictive control methods are introduced to correct for prediction bias at different time scales in order to fully utilize the control capability of hydropower generation. A CH-PV-PS real-world system in Southwest China is chosen as a case study. In the three scenarios, where only PV fluctuations are considered, the simulation results reveal that, compared with the traditional open-loop optimized and hierarchical open-loop optimization methods, the HSC method reduces the average relative deviation of PV and increases the system economics. After a large amount of RESs are connected to the power grid, the HSC method provides a solution for improving the consumption of RESs.
A Novel Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signature to Predict Prognosis of Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Jian , Guo Ziming , Sun Fei , Xu Tian , Wang Jianlin , Yu Jingping
Published: July 2022

Objective. This study aimed to develop a novel ferroptosis-related gene-based prognostic signature for esophageal carcinoma (ESCA). Methods. The TCGA-ESCA gene expression profiles and corresponding clinical data were downloaded from the TCGA database. Ferroptosis-related genes were identified from the literature and public databases, which were intersected with the differentially expressed genes between ESCA and normal samples. After univariate Cox regression and random forest analyses, several ferroptosis-related feature genes were identified and used to construct a prognostic signature. Then, the prognostic value of the complex value and the correlation of the complex value with immune cell infiltration were analyzed. Moreover, function analysis, mutation analysis, and molecular docking on the ferroptosis-related feature genes were performed. Results. Based on the TCGA dataset and ferroptosis pathway genes, 1929 ferroptosis-related genes were preliminarily selected. Following univariate Cox regression analysis and survival analysis, 14 genes were obtained. Then, random forest analysis identified 10 ferroptosis key genes. These 10 genes were used to construct a prognostic complex value. It was found that low complex value indicated better prognosis compared with high complex value. In different ESCA datasets, there were similar differences in the proportion of immune cell distribution between the high and low complex value groups. Furthermore, TNKS1BP1, AC019100.7, KRI1, BCAP31, and RP11-408E5.5 were significantly correlated with ESCA tumor location, lymph node metastasis, and age of patients. KRI1 had the highest mutation frequency. BCAP31 had the strongest binding ability with small molecules DB12830, DB05812, and DB07307. Conclusion. We constructed a novel ferroptosis-related gene signature, which has the potential to predict patient survival and tumor-infiltrating immune cells of ESCA.
Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Derived Exosomal miRNA-320a Promotes Macrophage M2 Polarization In Vitro by Regulating PTEN/PI3Kγ Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zhao Mingkun , Zhuang Aobo , Fang Yuan
Published: July 2022

Our previous study has indicated that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a crucial role in regulating gemcitabine resistance through transferring exosomal miRNA-106b to cancer cells. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are recently verified to facilitate gemcitabine resistance. However, the effect of CAFs in regulating TAMs function in pancreatic cancer (PCa) remains unclear. Here, primary CAFs were extracted from tumor tissues of PCa patients, and CAFs-derived exosomes (CAFs-Exo) were acquired and authenticated by transmission electron microscopy, qNano, and western blot analysis. The role of exosomal miRNA-320a in facilitating macrophage M2 polarization was investigated in vitro. We found that CAFs-derived conditioned medium (CM) possessed a higher potential to promote macrophage M2 polarization compared with normal fibroblasts (NFs) or PCa cell-derived CM. Furthermore, CAFs-Exo treatment polarized macrophage to M2 phenotype. miRNA-320a levels were remarkably increased in CAFs-Exo versus NFs-Exo. More important, miRNA-320a could be transferred from CAFs to macrophages through exosomes, and miRNA-320a overexpression in macrophages facilitated its M2 polarization. Functionally, miRNA-320a-overexpressed macrophages facilitated PCa cell proliferation and invasion. CAFs pretreated with miRNA-320a inhibitor reduced miRNA-320a expression in CAFs-Exo and led to decreased M2 macrophage polarization. Finally, we verified that miRNA-320a polarized macrophage to M2 phenotype by regulating PTEN/PI3Kγ signaling. Taken together, the current data demonstrated that CAFs-derived exosomal miRNA-320a facilitated macrophage M2 polarization to accelerate malignant behavior of PCa cells.
The Application of Image Processing Technology in Camera Picture
Authors: Hong Yun
Published: July 2022

The application scene of camera pictures in our life is very huge, and the effect of information conveyed by images is more intense than words and language, so it is very important for us to make good use of pictures obtained by photography or even pictures obtained by other means. Aiming at the processing problem of camera pictures, we have adopted image scaling method, camera picture color change method, gray degree processing method, image color space change method, image brightness processing method, and other methods to solve the processing problems of camera pictures. After reasonable processing, the presentation effect of camera pictures will be greatly improved, and the utilization efficiency will be greatly improved.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Role of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation
Authors: Lazo Mariana , Martinez-Folgar Kevin , Bilal Usama
Published: July 2022

The prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and reduction of its disparities necessitates research on the role of contextual social determinants of health. Empirical evidence on the role of contextual factors (e.g., neighborhood built and social environment) in these disparities is extremely limited. Oluyomi and colleagues conducted a Texas-wide study examining the contribution of neighborhood-level socioeconomic deprivation, proxied by the area deprivation index on HCC disparities. Future studies are needed to complement and extend these findings.

See related article by Oluyomi et al., p. 1402
Adverse Urinary System Outcomes among Older Women with Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Anderson C , Lund JL , Park J , Brewster W , Bae-Jump V , Olshan AF , Nichols HB
Published: July 2022

Purpose of the study: Endometrial cancer and its treatment may cause damage to the urinary system, but few large-scale studies have examined the incidence of urinary-related outcomes among endometrial cancer survivors. We investigated the risk of several urinary disease diagnoses among older women with endometrial cancer compared to women without a cancer history. Methods: Women ages 66 years and older with an endometrial cancer diagnosis during 2004-2017 (N=44,386) and women without a cancer history (N=221,219) matched 5:1 on age, race/ethnicity, and state were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked data. ICD-9 and -10 diagnosis codes were used to identify urinary outcomes in the Medicare claims data. Cumulative incidences (IP) of urinary outcomes were estimated among women with and without endometrial cancer. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazards ratios (HR) for urinary outcomes comparing women with and without endometrial cancer. HRs were also used to identify characteristics associated with urinary outcomes among endometrial cancer survivors. Results: Relative to women without cancer, endometrial cancer survivors had an increased risk of urinary system diagnoses, including renal failure (5-year IP: 25% vs 14%; HR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.47-1.53), chronic kidney disease (5-year IP: 20% vs 14%; HR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.22-1.28), calculus of the urinary tract (5-year IP: 7% vs 4%; HR=1.55; 95% CI: 1.50-1.61), lower urinary tract infection (5-year IP: 55% vs 33%; HR=1.75; 95% CI: 1.72, 1.78), and bladder diseases (5-year IP: 10% vs 6%; HR=1.57; 95% CI: 1.52, 1.62). These associations persisted in analyses limited to 1+ and 5+ years after endometrial cancer diagnosis. Non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic race/ethnicity, higher comorbidity index, higher stage or grade cancer, non-endometrioid histology, and treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiation were often predictors of urinary outcomes among women with endometrial cancer. Conclusions: Our results suggest that, among older women, the risk of urinary outcomes is elevated after endometrial cancer. Monitoring for urinary diseases may be a critical part of long-term survivorship care for older women with an endometrial cancer history.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health and Life Insurance Denial Due to Cancer among Cancer Survivors
Authors: Lent AB , Garrido CO , Baird EH , Viela R , Harris RB
Published: July 2022

Purpose of the study: This study examined racial/ethnic differences in health and life insurance denial due to cancer among cancer survivors after the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 2012 through 2020. The dependent variable asked: “Were you ever denied health insurance or life insurance coverage because of your cancer?” Cancer survivors were included if they were diagnosed with cancer after the Affordable Care Act (N=14,815). Descriptive statistics using weighted percentages summarized the results. Logistic regressions provided odds of insurance denial due to cancer across racial/ethnic groups: Non-Hispanic White, Black, and Other/mixed race; and Hispanic. Models adjusted for age, sex, income, and employment status. Interaction terms for age, sex, income, and employment were included in regression models to assess for effect modification. Results: Weighted chi-squares identified statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between those who were denied or not denied insurance across sex, age, race/ethnicity, income, and employment. Adjusted weighted logistic regressions found significantly higher odds of insurance denial for Blacks (OR:3.01, 95%CI:1.78, 5.08), Other/mixed race (OR:2.10, 95%CI: 1.13, 3.90), and Hispanics (OR:2.16, 95%CI:1.05, 4.46) compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. Sex, income, and employment status were significant effect modifiers. Compared to White women, Black women were significantly more likely to be denied health and life insurance. Compared to Whites with incomes >$25K to <$50K and >$50K to <$75K, Blacks were more likely to be denied insurance (OR:3.50, 95%CI:1.42, 8.66 and OR:7.72, 95%CI: 2.40, 24.81). Conclusions: Despite health insurance denial for pre-existing conditions being illegal under the ACA, cancer survivors report racial/ethnic disparities in health and life insurance denial due to their cancer diagnosis. This denial may be particularly harmful for people of color who are already financially vulnerable due to their cancer diagnosis and exacerbate racial/ethnic cancer disparities.
Integrated DNA and RNA Sequencing Reveals Drivers of Endocrine Resistance in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Xia Youli , He Xiaping , Renshaw Lorna , Martinez-Perez Carlos , Kay Charlene , Gray Mark , Meehan James , Parker Joel S. , Perou Charles M. , Carey Lisa A. , Dixon J. Michael , Turnbull Arran
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Endocrine therapy resistance (ETR) remains the greatest challenge in treating patients with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. We set out to identify molecular mechanisms underlying ETR through in-depth genomic analysis of breast tumors.

Experimental Design:

We collected pre-treatment and sequential on-treatment tumor samples from 35 patients with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant then adjuvant endocrine therapy; 3 had intrinsic resistance, 19 acquired resistance, and 13 remained sensitive. Response was determined by changes in tumor volume neoadjuvantly and by monitoring for adjuvant recurrence. Twelve patients received two or more lines of endocrine therapy, with subsequent treatment lines being initiated at the time of development of resistance to the previous endocrine therapy. DNA whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing were performed on all samples, totalling 169 unique specimens. DNA mutations, copy-number alterations, and gene expression data were analyzed through unsupervised and supervised analyses to identify molecular features related to ETR.

Results:

Mutations enriched in ETR included ESR1 and GATA3. The known ESR1 D538G variant conferring ETR was identified, as was a rarer E380Q variant that confers endocrine hypersensitivity. Resistant tumors which acquired resistance had distinct gene expression profiles compared with paired sensitive tumors, showing elevated pathways including ER, HER2, GATA3, AKT, RAS, and p63 signaling. Integrated analysis in individual patients highlighted the diversity of ETR mechanisms.

Conclusions:

The mechanisms underlying ETR are multiple and characterized by diverse changes in both somatic genetic and transcriptomic profiles; to overcome resistance will require an individualized approach utilizing genomic and genetic biomarkers and drugs tailored to each patient.
A Mesenchymal Tumor Cell State Confers Increased Dependency on the BCL-XL Antiapoptotic Protein in Kidney Cancer
Authors: Grubb Treg , Maganti Smruthi , Krill-Burger John Michael , Fraser Cameron , Stransky Laura , Radivoyevitch Tomas , Sarosiek Kristopher A. , Vazquez Francisca , Kaelin William G. , Chakraborty Abhishek A.
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Advanced/metastatic forms of clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) have limited therapeutic options. Genome-wide genetic screens have identified cellular dependencies in many cancers. Using the Broad Institute/Novartis combined short hairpin RNA (shRNA) dataset, and cross-validation with the CRISPR/Cas9 DepMap (21Q3) dataset, we sought therapeutically actionable dependencies in kidney lineage cancers.

Experimental Design:

We identified preferential genetic dependencies in kidney cancer cells versus other lineages. BCL2L1, which encodes the BCL-XL antiapoptotic protein, scored as the top actionable dependency. We validated this finding using genetic and pharmacologic tools in a panel of ccRCC cell lines. Select BCL-XL–dependent (versus independent) cell lines were then transcriptionally profiled to identify biomarkers and mechanistic drivers of BCL-XL dependence. Cell-based studies (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical validations were used to address physiologic relevance.

Results:

Inactivation of BCL-XL, but not BCL-2, led to fitness defects in renal cancer cells, and sensitized them to chemotherapeutics. Transcriptomic profiling identified a “BCL-XL dependency” signature, including an elevated mesenchymal gene signature. A mesenchymal state was both necessary and sufficient to confer increased BCL-XL dependence. The “BCL-XL dependency” signature was observed in approximately 30% of human ccRCCs, which were also associated with worse clinical outcomes. Finally, an orally bioavailable BCL-XL inhibitor, A-1331852, showed antitumor efficacy in vivo.

Conclusions:

Our studies uncovered an unexpected link between cell state and BCL-XL dependence in ccRCC. Therapeutic agents that specifically target BCL-XL are available. Our work justifies testing the utility of BCL-XL blockade to target, likely, a clinically aggressive subset of human kidney cancers.

See related commentary by Wang et al., p. 4600
Radiation Myelopathy Caused by Palliative Radiotherapy and Intrathecal Methotrexate
Authors: Fukuda Yukiko , Takahashi Satoru , Nakamura Michiko , Endo Masashi , Ogawa Kazunari , Kawahara Masahiro , Akahane Keiko , Ito Shoko , Kanda Yoshinobu , Mori Harushi , Shirai Katsuyuki
Published: July 2022

Radiation myelopathy is a rare, late-stage adverse event that develops following irradiation at or above 50 Gy. Here, we report a case of irreversible paraplegia caused by palliative radiation (20 Gy in 5 fractions) to the spinal cord combined with intrathecal methotrexate (IT-MTX). A 69-year-old man presented with back pain, prompting a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. At the first visit, he complained of muscle weakness and hypoesthesia in both legs; spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an epidural mass compressing the spinal cord at the fifth to seventh level of the thoracic vertebrae. This was considered to be an extramedullary lesion of leukemia, and he received remission induction therapy including IT-MTX; palliative radiation (20 Gy in 5 fractions) of the epidural mass was initiated the following day. Then, during the course of consolidation therapy, a second IT-MTX was performed after 1 month and a third after 3 months. While the consolidation therapy was complete, yielding remission, he developed sudden paraplegia, as well as bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD), 10 months later. Spinal MRI showed extensive intramedullary high signal intensity on T2-weighted image, including the irradiation field. It was thought myelopathy was due to irradiation of the spinal cord combined with IT-MTX. He immediately received steroid pulse therapy; however, the paraplegia and BBD did not improve. It is extremely rare for irreversible radiation myelopathy to occur with IT-MTX and palliative radiation to the spinal cord. We believe that even with low-dose palliative radiation, caution is required for combined use with IT-MTX.
ANXA10 Expression Is Inversely Associated with Tumor Stage, Grade, and TP53 Expression in Upper and Lower Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Kobayashi Go , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Sentani Kazuhiro , Ikeda Kenichiro , Babasaki Takashi , Shigematsu Yoshinori , Sekino Yohei , Uraoka Naohiro , Teishima Jun , Matsubara Akio , Hinata Nobuyuki , Oue Naohide
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common type of malignant disease, but little is known about the diagnostic and prognostic markers of upper urinary tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) because of its rarity. To clarify the significance of ANXA10 in UTUC, we studied ANXA10 expression with immunohistochemistry (IHC). Methods: The expression of ANXA10 was analyzed in the upper and lower urinary tract of UC by IHC in combination with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data analysis. The association between ANXA10 expression and representative cancer-related molecules was also evaluated. Results: ANXA10 expression was weak in normal upper tract urothelium but was positive in 39/117 (33%) UTUCs. ANXA10 was more frequently positive in tumors with pure UC (36%, p < 0.05), papillary morphology (50%, p < 0.01), low grade (G1/2: 57%, p < 0.01), and pTa/is/1 stage (55%, p < 0.01) than in those with histological variants (0%), nodular morphology (9%), G3 (16%), and pT2/3/4 (13%), respectively. ANXA10-positive patients showed better cancer-specific survival and progression-free survival than ANXA10-negative patients (p < 0.05). IHC showed that ANXA10 positivity was detected more in cases with the low expression of TP53 (p < 0.01) and Ki-67 labeling index <20% (p < 0.01). In TCGA dataset of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, higher ANXA10 expression correlated with papillary morphology, lower grade/stage, luminal papillary subtype, wild-type TP53, and FGFR3 gene mutation. Conclusion: We revealed that ANXA10 expression was increased during carcinogenesis and was observed more frequently in papillary UC of lower grade and stage. However, its expression decreased as cancer progressed. Therefore, the ANXA10 expression in UTUC might be clinically useful for decision-making.
Character education trend in Indonesia
Authors: Susilo Mohamad Joko , Dewantoro Mohammad Hajar , Yuningsih Yuningsih
Published: July 2022

Character education is an educational concept to form and foster a Muslim personality as a whole (syumuliyah). This literature study aimed to determine the implementation of character education and supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of character education in formal schools in Indonesia. Data analysis techniques by means of data reduction, data display, and conclusion. Based on research findings, the trend of implementing character education in Indonesian formal schools has the same spirit in the content of character education. In formal schools with the status of public schools, the implementation of character education follows government regulations as stated in the Strengthening of Character Education (SCE), which is an implication of Islamic teachings. As for formal schools with private status on an Islamic basis, character education tends to be oriented towards cultivating akhlakul karimah (moral education) combined with government regulations. The implications of this research lead to the cultivation of character values that are embedded in social attitudes and spiritual attitudes as provisions for students' daily lives. The supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of character education are also discussed.