bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PLANIFICACIÓN CONSCIENTE AL CLIMA APLICABLE EN EL DESARROLLO URBANO
Authors: Moran Choez Marlon Alexander , Moran Choez Joshua Leonardo , Marcillo Piguave Ronny Elver , Lucio Villacreses Luis Fernando
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo muestra los avances que han tenido los países de Perú, Chile y Ecuador para el cumplimiento de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible de la agenda 2030, y cuales han sido algunas de sus inversiones más representativas mostrando estos resultados de manera cualitativa. La metodología utilizada ha sido descriptiva y exploratoria. Para desarrollar este trabajo se revisaron fuentes oficiales. De las cuales se considera que actualmente Ecuador es autosuficiente en generación de energía eléctrica. La eficiencia y sustentabilidad del sector eléctrico se debe a las grandes inversiones realizadas en los segmentos de generación, transmisión y distribución, permitiendo duplicar la capacidad instalada de fuentes de energía renovable, de esta forma registrándose un 11,1% en 2014, llegando a 16,1% en 2017, en el caso de Chile ha desplegado una serie de acciones que permiten enfrentar de mejor manera el cambio climático, entre ellas, la Política Nacional para la Gestión de Riesgo de Desastres; el Plan Nacional de Adaptación al Cambio Climático y los planes de adaptación sectoriales ; la Contribución Determinada a nivel Nacional (NDS); el impulso a las fuentes de energías renovables no convencionales; entre otras medidas. Perú por su pate ha crecido económicamente, reducido la pobreza, es más consciente de su responsabilidad social y ambiental, pero le queda aún dar un salto cualitativo hacia el desarrollo. Para ello, el escenario global en el cual el Perú ha sido líder nos ha marcado el rumbo.

Las herramientas están disponibles, solo falta el compromiso integrado y solidario de todos.
Advising the Physician Assistant Applicant
Authors: Stull Deborah L. , Mercanti Bethann , Hershman Grace
Published: March 2021

As the roles and responsibilities of physician assistants (PAs) increase, so does interest in the profession among college and postbaccalaureate students. However, many students may not fully appreciate the steps they need to take to apply and be accepted into PA school, and some may even consider PA school as an “easier” path to medicine. This, in conjunction with the ever-expanding field of programs with different requirements and prerequisites, makes advising pre-PA students particularly challenging. Asking a few key questions, however, provides advisors the information they need to best help their students navigate applying to this complex but exciting career.
ON THE CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN THE NORMS OF MORALITY AND THE NORMS OF LAW IN MODERN RUSSIAN LEGISLATION IN GENERAL AND IN CRIMINAL-EXECUTIVE LEGISLATION – IN PARTICULAR
Authors: Воробьев Н.Ф. , Невский В.В.
Published: March 2021

Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются проблемы отражения в нормах
уголовно-исполнительного права требований морали, раскрываются противо-
речия нормами морали и нормами права, на практических примерах обосновы-
вается необходимость нравственности законодательства. Авторы обраща-
ют внимание на приоритетность норм международного права в регулирова-
нии целого ряда общественных отношений, субъектом которых являются не-
совершеннолетние граждане.
В статье содержатся конкретные предложения по оптимизации россий-
ского законодательства по исправлению несовершеннолетних граждан.

Annotation. The article examines the problems of reflecting the requirements
of morality in the norms of criminal executive law, reveals the contradictions with
the norms of morality and the norms of law, substantiates the need for morality in legislation
on practical examples. The authors draw attention to the priority of international
law in the regulation of a number of social relations, the subject of which is minor
citizens.
The article contains specific proposals for optimizing Russian legislation on the correction
of underage citizens.
COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL LEGISLATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE STATE OF ISRAEL
Authors: Чагин И.Б.
Published: March 2021

Аннотация. В статье на основе мультиметодологического подхода про-
ведено обширное эмпирическое исследование динамики роста временного и экс-
периментального законодательства, принятого Государственной Думой Фе-
дерального Собрания Российской Федерации. На основании данных, полученных
в результате эмпирического исследования произведено сравнение эксперимен-
тального законодательства, принятого в Российской Федерации и государстве
Израиль. Утверждается, что экспериментальное законодательство направ-
лено на снятие неопределенности и формирование объема информации, необ-
ходимого для принятия нормативных правовых актов постоянного действия.
Установлено, что как в государстве Израиль, так и в Российской Федера-
ции наблюдаются тенденции к увеличению количества временного и экспери-
ментального законодательства, при этом рост временного и эксперимен-
тального законодательства не может быть объяснен общим ростом законо-
дательства. В источниковую базу исследования были привлечены положения
действующего отечественного законодательства, а также доктринальные
труды по тематике, включая иноязычные.

Annotation. In the article, based on a multimethodological approach, an extensive empirical
study of the growth dynamics of temporary and experimental legislation adopted by
the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation is carried out. Based on the
data obtained as a result of empirical research, a comparison was made between the experimental
legislation adopted in the Russian Federation and the State of Israel. It is argued that
the experimental legislation is aimed at removing uncertainty and forming the amount of information
necessary for the adoption of permanent normative legal acts.
It has been established that both in the State of Israel and in the Russian Federation
there are trends towards an increase in the number of temporary and experimental legislation,
while the growth of temporary and experimental legislation cannot be explained
by the general growth of legislation. The source base of the study was based on the provisions
of the current domestic legislation, as well as doctrinal works on the topic, including
foreign languages.
Profiles of a Non-Calibrated Resistance Drill Compared with Deteriorated Stem Cross Sections
Authors: Nagle dos Reis Mariana , Goncalves Raquel , Henrique Lopes Garcia Gustavo , Manes Leandro
Published: March 2021

The drilling resistance test has been widely used in tree inspections and structures since its first demonstration in Germany in 1988. A high correlation to wood density allows a correspondingly clear interpretation and reliable evaluation of the profiles in terms of wood condition. Without such a correlation, it is not clear what the profiles mean. In this study, researchers compared the profiles of a non-calibrated resistance drill with pictures of the surfaces of the drilled stem cross sections in order to find out how defects are revealed. In decayed areas, the profiles mostly dropped down and the results showed that advanced stages of decomposition and voids of significant size can be detected reliably with this device. There were statistical differences between drilling amplitude among the studied species and, in the heartwood, the values of amplitudes were superior and statistically different from those obtained in the sapwood. However, the depth of the drop, or the changes in the profiles of this device, do not allow users to differentiate between various stages of deterioration. Similarly, it is not clear if all rising profile peaks are caused by locally higher wood density, as compatibilizations zones, or by technical artefacts.
Frequency and Severity of Tree and Other Fixed Object Crashes in Florida, 2006—2013
Authors: Van Treese II Jeffery , Koeser Andrew , Fitzpatrick George , Olexa Michael , Allen Ethan
Published: March 2021

Roadside trees provide benefits to drivers such as traffic calming, roadway definition, and driver stress reduction. However, trees are also one of several roadway infrastructure elements commonly involved in single-vehicle crashes. In this study, Florida Highway Saftey and Motor Vehicle records were analyzed to: evaluate the relative frequency of tree-related crashes compared to other fixed-object crashes; assess the impact of roadway-, vehicle-, and driver-related factors on tree crash frequency; and compare the severity of tree crashes relative to other single-vehicle crashes. In accessing 3,033,041 crash records from 2006 to 2013 (all complete years), we identified 565,303 single-vehicle accidents (10.5%) and 47,341 tree-related accidents (1.6%). Trees were the fourth most common fixed object hit in urban single-vehicle accidents and the second most common fixed object hit in rural single-vehicle accidents. Driver gender, vehicle type, light conditions, weather conditions, and land use all were correlated with the frequency. Additionally, the injuries associated with tree crashes were more severe than all other single-vehicle crash types except vehicle rollovers.
Tree Growth and Gas Exchange Response of Ficus benjamina ‘Evergreen’ Cultivated in Compacted and Remediated Urban Soils Under Water Deficit Conditions
Authors: Schwartz Sax Miles , Bassuk Nina
Published: March 2021

Trees growing in the urban environment are often subject to a variety of edaphic stressors that can lead to premature decline. As a result, soil restoration methods are required. The scoop and dump (S&D) technique of soil remediation is the practice of incorporating large volumes of organic matter (33% v/v) into the soil profile. A controlled greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine if S&D soils affected growth of Weeping Fig (Ficus benjamina ‘Evergreen’) trees during establishment (fourteen weeks) and gas exchange during a twenty-six-day water deficit period. S&D soils displayed decreased mean bulk density, increased accumulative gravimetric water holding capacity, and increased mean organic matter compared to unamended soils. In the remediated soils, Ficus benjamina ‘Evergreen’ showed a significant increase in the growth of roots, shoots, and leaf area. The increased leaf area of trees in the S&D soils caused greater transpiration on a whole-plant basis. As a result, the increased water-holding capacity in S&D soils were utilized at a statistically equal rate as the trees in unamended soils. Trees growing in both soil treatments displayed statistically equal reductions in gas exchange during the water deficit period. This study finds that urban soils treated with the S&D technique significantly reduces root-limiting compaction and increases tree biomass growth.
Observation of Wind-Loading Influences in Nonconcentric Radial Root Growth in Two Maple Species
Authors: Grabosky Jason
Published: March 2021

In 2010 and 2016,Acer saccharinumandAcer rubrumroots were harvested and processed into transverse serial sections to observe cross-sectional radial growth patterning in response to wind. Trees on the edge of a plantation and from interior positions were selected, and windward/leeward roots were targeted for a comparative assessment. While some observations were suggestive of a response to wind exposure, they were not definitive. Particularly in the windward versus leeward comparison within either edge or interior ground in terms of root size or radial growth pattern, there were no differences observed. In general, the loss of observed upward radial growth bias very closely coincided with the ending of the Zone of Rapid Taper in the architecture of the root plate.
Comparison of Tree Responses to Different Soil Treatments Under Concrete Pavement
Authors: Thomas Smiley E. , Urban James , Fite Kelby
Published: March 2021

In urban areas there is a limited amount of soil space available for tree root growth. However, many systems have been developed that provide rooting space below pavement while supporting the weight of vehicles and pedestrians. Two main approaches have emerged: 1) supported pavement, and 2) structural growing media. This research was composed of two controlled studies that compare variations of these two approaches. The first was a 10-year study using elm trees that compared gravel-based structural soil (GBSS), expanded slate structural soil (ESSS), expanded slate (ES) alone, a concrete supported pavement and a compacted control. The second study was a four-year study usingLiriodendrontrees that compared GBSS, sand-based structural soil (SBSS), Silva Cells™, Stratacells™, an open control, and a compacted control. The results of these two studies showed that the trees growing in the supported pavement treatments with low-density soil media resulted in significantly greater tree growth and a healthier appearance. The treatments with the highly compacted soil media had less root development and less top growth. However, soil media that were highly compacted experienced less subsidence.
Efficacy of Flupyradifurone, Pyriproxyfen and Horticultural Oil, and Dinotefuran Against Gloomy Scale (Melanaspis tenebricosa Comstock)
Authors: Chase Kevin , LeBrun Elden , Rigsby Chad
Published: March 2021

Gloomy scale (GS)(Melanaspis tenebricosa) is a major pest of red maple (Acer rubrum) across much of the eastern USA. Current pesticide recommendations for GS management are efficacious when applications are made at the appropriate time. However, appropriate timing may not always be possible. For instance, the tree owner may not contact pest management professionals in time to make timely applications. We established a field trial to determine the efficacy of the pesticides pyriproxyfen plus horticultural oil and dinotefuran, as well as a relatively new pesticide available in the ornamental woody plant market, flupyradifurone, against GS. There were three primary goals of this study: (1) to quantitatively compare the effectiveness of pyriproxyfen plus horticultural oil and dinotefuran; (2) to compare flupyradifurone with these two generally recommended treatments; and (3) to assess whether flupyradifurone is effective when applications are made later in the summer. We found that pyriproxyfen plus horticultural oil, dinotefuran, and flupyradifurone applications made during the active crawler period were equally efficacious, statistically, and that flupyradifurone treatments applied later in the summer were not statistically differentiable from untreated controls. While these pesticide applications are effective at suppressing GS populations, plant health care tactics aimed at preventing outbreaks should be prioritized and incorporated into the complete pest management strategy.
Evaluation of Inducing Agents and Synthetic Fungicide Combinations for Management of Foliar Pathogens of Urban Trees
Authors: Percival Glynn , Graham Sean
Published: March 2021

Unmanaged, foliar pathogens of urban trees can be detrimental to tree health and aesthetics. Overreliance on synthetic fungicides increasingly means alternative means of pathogen management are now required. The purpose of these studies was to investigate the efficacy of 3 commercially available agents, harpin protein, salicylic acid derivative, and liquid chitosan, which can initiate induced resistance (IR) in plants. IR agents were applied independently and in combination with a synthetic fungicide (boscalid + pyraclostrobin) against 2 foliar pathogens (Venturia pirina and Guignardia aesculi) under field conditions with Pyrus communis ‘Williams’ Bon Chrétien’ and horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) acting as tree hosts. These agents were tested over 3 consecutive years. In 4 of 5 field studies, the use of an IR agent alone reduced pathogen symptom severity, increased fruit/seed yield, and enhanced leaf chlorophyll content. In virtually all studies, application of boscalid + pyraclostrobin at 2/3 strength plus an IR agent provided the same degree of pathogen control as boscalid + pyraclostrobin at full strength. Application of boscalid + pyraclostrobin at 1/3 strength plus an IR agent provided a reasonable degree of foliar pathogen control. Results showed that a combined mix of an IR agent with a 1/3 reduced dose of boscalid + pyraclostrobin was as effective at reducing symptom severity of 2 foliar pathogens as boscalid + pyraclostrobin applied at full strength, provided at least 4 sprays were applied during a growing season.
Design of Novel BELBIC Controlled Semi-Active Suspension and Comparative Analysis with Passive and PID Controlled Suspension
Authors: SHARMA Pankaj , KUMAR Vinod
Published: March 2021

Passenger comfort, quality of ride, and handling have broughta lot of attention and concern toautomotive design engineers. These 2 parameters must have optimum balance as they have an inverse effect on each other. Researchers have proposed several approaches and techniques like PID control, fuzzy approach, GA, techniques with inspiration from nature and hybrid techniques to attain the same. A new controller based on the learning behavior of the human brain has been used for the control of semi-active suspension in this study. The controller is known as the Brain Emotional Learning-Based Intelligent Controller (BELBIC). A one-fourth model of car along with the driver model having 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) wasmodeled and simulated. The objective of the studywasto analyze the performance of the proposed controller for improving the dynamic response of the vehicle model coupled with complex biodynamic models of the human body as a passenger, making the whole dynamic system very complex to control. The performance wasanalyzed based on percentage reduction in the overshoot of the vehicle’s sprung mass as well as different human body parts when subjected to road disturbances. The proposed controller performance wascompared with the PID controller, widely used in semi-active suspension. The simulation results obtained for BELBIC controlled system for circular road bump showed that the overshoot of passenger head and body wasreduced by 18.84 and 18.82 %, respectively and reduction for buttock and leg displacement was18.87 %. The vehicle’s seat and sprung mass displacement displayedan improvement of 18.90 and 18.51 %. The overshoot of passenger's head and body displacement wasimproved by 19.79and 19.62 %,respectively, whereas improvement for buttock & leg, vehicle’s seat, and sprung mass displacement were19.81, 20.00, and 20.49 % against trapezoidal speed bump. The PID controlled suspension disclosed an improvement of 8.74, 8.53, 8.75, 11.11, 14.75 % against circular bump and 10.72, 10.33, 10.73, 11.11 and 11.75 % against trapezoidal bump for overshoot reduction of passenger head, body, buttock & leg, vehicle’s seat and sprung mass displacement, respectively. The proposed BELBIC controlled semi-active suspension outperformed the widely used PID controlled semi-active suspension and indicated asignificant improvement in the ride quality of the vehicle.
Policies and Practices That Meet Learners Where They Are
Authors: Pape Barbara , Vander Ark Tom
Published: March 2021

The convergence of growing classroom diversity, learning sciences research, sophistication of technology, and 21st- century job requirements in a global market could put America’s education system on track for personalizing the learning experience. The goal is for each student to master content and skills to help guarantee their success in college and career. We need to re-think our education system to address learner variability and meet our promise to guide each learner to become productive and ful lled citizens.
Every Learner Everywhere and Lighthouse Institutions: First-Year Experiences
Authors:   Digital Promise,   Every Learner Everywhere
Published: March 2021

In this report, Every Learner Everywhere & Lighthouse Institutions share first-year experiences of 2- and 4-year colleges piloting new versions of gateway courses incorporating adaptive learning in an effort to address achievement gaps for first-generation students, low-income students, and students of color by improving teaching and learning with the support of adaptive tools.
INGREDIENTS OF RENDANG DALAM PENCIPTAAN KARYA FOOD PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: Emas Cindi Adelia Putri
Published: March 2021

Era globalisasi berdampak positif dan negatif yang membawa perubahan prilaku kehidupan masyarakat, seperti generasi muda lebih memilih makanan cepat saji atau junk food yang berasal dari luar negeri daripada makanan tradisional, khususnya Minangkabau. Fotografi merupakan salah satu media yang dapat digunakan sebagai langkah untuk melestarikan, menjaga, memperkenalkan, dan mempromosikan sebuah objek rempah-rempah yang merupakan bahan dasar dalam masakan Rendang dalam bentuk karya food photography. Jenis fotografi yang digunakan yaitu food photography yang merupakan spesialisasi dari commercial photography bertujuan agar memperlihatkan bahan-bahan masakan atau makanan Rendang agar terlihat menarik yang didukung dengan lighting, komposisi, penataan makanan. Metode penciptaan karya seni ini menggunakan metode konsorsium seni meliputi persiapan, elaborasi, sintesis, realisasi konsep, penyelesaian. Dengan konsep ini diharapkan rempah-rempah dan bahan-bahan dalam masakan Rendang bisa dikenal publik secara luas sehingga menjaga eksistensinya serta tercipta rasa bangga dan ketertarikan terhadap makanan tradisional khusunya Rendang yang menjadi populer di kalangan generasi muda daripada makanan atau masakan luar. Ingredients of Rendang dalam Penciptaan Karya Food Photography ini sebagai langkah awal mendorong fotografer atau pembaca untuk membuat karya food photography dari setiap daerah-daerah yang ada di Indonesia agar makanan atau masakan tradisonal di Indonesia dapat dikenal oleh masyarakat luas.The era of globalization has a positive and negative impact that has brought changes in people's life behavior, as the younger generation prefers fast food or junk food originating from other country rather than traditional foods, especially Minangkabau. Photography is one of the media that can be used as a step to preserve, maintain, introduce and promote an object of seasoning which is the basic ingredient in Rendang cuisine in the food photography. The type of photography used is food photography which is a specialty of commercial photography aimed at showing Rendang food or food ingredients to make it look attractive, supported by lighting, composition, food arrangement. The method of creating this work using the art consortium method includes preparation, elaboration, synthesis, realization of concepts, completion. With this concept, it is expected that spices and ingredients in Rendang cuisine can be known to the public to maintain their existence and create a sense of pride and interest in traditional foods, especially Rendang, which is to be more popular among the younger generation rather than food from other country. Ingredients of Rendang in the Creation of Food Photography Works as a first step encourages photographers or readers to create food photography works from every region in Indonesia so that food or traditional cuisine in Indonesia can be known in all country.
PERAN LIRIK LAGU DALAM MENINGKATAN KOMUNIKASI VERBAL PADA ANAK AUTISTIK DI SEKOLAH BINA ANGGITA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Nugrahaningsih Zefanya Lintang
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan komunikasi verbal pada anak autistik dengan menggunakan lirik pada lagu anak-anak, karena diharapkan dapat mempebanyak kosakata pada anak autistik sehingga kemampuan bekomunikasi secara verbal bagi anak autistik meningkat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan didukung dengan studi pustaka guna memberikan informasi-informasi secara lengkap tentang penelitian ini. Ada 4 tahapan yaitu: Tahapan pra-lapangan, Tahap Pekerjaan lapangan, dan Tahapan Hasil Pengumpulan Data. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa autistik di sekolah Bina Anggita Yogyakarta berjumlah 5 siswa. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan pedoman observasi dan sebelumnya peneliti melakukan studi pustaka terlebih dahulu. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran lirik dalam lagu Balonku dan Pelangi-Pelangi dapat meningkatkan bahasa verbal anak autistik. Anak autistik terstimulus untuk menyanyi bersama saat dilibatkan untuk benyanyi bersama-sama.This study aims to improve verbal communication in autistic children by using lyrics on children's songs. Due to the expected increase in verbal skills for autistic children. This research is a qualitative research with case study approach and supported by literature study to provide complete information about this research. There are 4 stages: Preliminary Stage, Field Work Stage, and Data Collection Stages. Research subjects were autistic students in Bina Anggita Yogyakarta school amounted to 5 students. Data collection used in this research is using observation guideline and previous researcher do literature study first. Data analysis in this study using descriptive qualitative. The results of this study indicate that the role of lyrics in the song Balonku and Pelangi-Pelangi can improve the verbal language of autistic children. Autistic children are stimulated to sing together when involved to sing together.
MUSIK TARBANG DALAM UPACARA BEPACAR MASYARAKAT TANJUNG REDEB, BERAU, KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Setiyawan Muhammad Budhi
Published: March 2021

Tarbang merupakan sebuah alat musik tradisional, sedangkan betarbang merupakan aktifitas memainkan alat musik tarbang / rebana. Ansambel musik ini masih eksis di Berau sampai saat ini. Salah satu alasan musik ini masih eksis sampai saat ini karena masih banyak upacara adat yang menggunakan alat musik ini. Salah satu contoh upacara adat yang menggunakan musik ini adalah bepacar. Tulisan ini fokus kepada pengungkapan keterkaitan antara musik tarbang dan upacara bepacar. Tarbang dimainkan oleh 4 orang menggunakan tarbang / rabana, tiap - tiap orang memiliki motif ritmis yang berbeda. Dalam upacara bepacar, tarbang digunakan sebagai media untuk berdoa. Karena sebagian masyarakat percaya bahwa melalui tarbang doa mereka bisa tersampaikan.Tarbang is a traditional music that still exist until this time in Berau East Borneo. Once reason that make this music still exist because still many activity using tarbang. For example is bepacar.Tthis text are concern to search an conection between tarbang and bepacar. Tarbang played by 4 person by using tarbang/rebbana. Each person play diferent type of rhytm. In case of bepacar, tarbang used as a way to pray. Because the civilization believe that tarbang can send their pray to their God.
MOTIVASI PENGAMEN BERMAIN MUSIK DI KELOMPOK ANGKLUNG KRIDOTOMO YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Rey Aldrin Amstrong
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami motivasi para pengamen bermain musik di kelompok musik angklung Kridotomo Yogyakarta.  Metode  yang  digunakan  dalam  penelitian  ini  adalah  metode  kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara. Wawancara digunakan  untuk  memperoleh  pandangan  serta jawaban  informan tentang  motivasi musik  mereka.  Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa motivasi sebagai seniman merupakan motivasi penentu keberadaan para pemain dalam bermain musik di kelompok angklung Kridotomo.This research aims to understand the buskers’s motivation playing music in the Yogyakarta Kridotomo angklung music group. The method which was used in this research is a qualitative method with data collection techniques through interviews. Interviews are used to obtain informan’s views and answers about their musical motivation. This study found that motivation as an artist is a determining motivation for the existence of the players in playing music in the Kridotomo angklung group.
MANGAJI: REINTERPRETASI SASTRA LISAN DALAM KOMPOSISI MUSIK
Authors: Dandes Surya
Published: March 2021

Komposisi “Mangaji” merupakan bentuk pengkaryaan programa, yang dilatar belakangi oleh sastra lisan pasambahan Minangkabau sebagai ide penciptaan karya. Sastra lisan yang merupakan sajian yang selalu bersentuhan dalam kehidupan masyarakat Minangkabau digarap secara reinterpretasi oleh pengkarya dengan melihat aspek-aspek yang dimiliki sastra lisan, mampu menjadi penawaran baru dalam penggarapan komposisi musik. Penyusunan karya “Mangaji” menggunakan empat tahapan sampai karya menjadi rangkaian yang utuh, yaitu,: rangsangan awal, observasi dan pengumpulan data, eksplorasi, dan terakhir penyusunan hasil dari ekplorasi sebagai materi komposisi. Proses explorasi pada komposisi terdiri atas dua bentuk, yaitu pencocokan sumber dengan ide garap dan penyusunan materi dari hasil pencocokan sebelumnya, dengan menggunakan proses musikal. Proses ini meliputi menentukan tema, sub tema, penentuan aspek komposisi seperti dinamika, pengembangan motif dan penggarapan rasa pada setiap bagian. Komposisi “Mangaji” diharapkan menjadi alternatif, referensi, dan rujukan dalam penggarapan karya baru dalam ranah akademisi maupun dalam lingkup luas, sebagai manfaat yang edukatif dalam lingkup penciptaan musik baru.The composition of "Mangaji" is a form of program work, which is based on the Minangkabau post-added oral literature as the idea of creating works. Oral literature, which is a presentation that always touches the life of the Minangkabau people, is reinterpreted by the author by looking at the aspects of oral literature that can become a new offering in the cultivation of musical compositions. The creation of  "Mangaji" uses four stages until the work becomes a complete series, they are: Initial Stimulation, Observation and Data Collection, Exploration, and finally composing the results of the exploration as material composition. The process of exploration in the composition consists of two forms, namely matching the source with the working idea and arranging the material from the previous matching results using the musical process. This process includes determining themes, sub themes, determining aspects of composition such as dynamics, developing motifs and cultivating tastes in each section. The composition of Mangaji is expected to be an alternative, reference, and recomendation in the cultivation of new works in the academic real or in a broad scope, as an educational benefit in the scope of new music creation..
Contributions of equatorial planetary waves and small-scale
convective gravity waves to the 2019/20 QBO disruption
Authors: Kang Min-Jee , Chun Hye-Yeong
Published: March 2021

Abstract. In January 2020, unexpected easterly winds developed in the downward-propagating westerly quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) phase. This event corresponds to the second QBO disruption in history, and it occurred four years after the first disruption that occurred in 2015/16. According to several previous studies, strong midlatitude Rossby waves propagating from the Southern Hemisphere (SH) during the SH winter likely initiated the disruption; nevertheless, the wave forcing that finally led to the disruption has not been investigated. In this study, we examine the role of equatorial waves and small-scale convective gravity waves (CGWs) in the 2019/20 QBO disruption using MERRA-2 global reanalysis data. In June–September 2019, unusually strong Rossby wave forcing originating from the SH decelerated the westerly QBO at 0°–5° N at ~50 hPa. In October–November 2019, vertically (horizontally) propagating Rossby waves and mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG) waves began to increase (decrease). From December 2019, contribution of the MRG wave forcing to the zonal wind deceleration was the largest, followed by the Rossby wave forcing originating from the Northern Hemisphere and the equatorial troposphere. In January 2020, CGWs provided 11 % of the total negative wave forcing at ~43 hPa. Inertia–gravity (IG) waves exhibited a moderate contribution to the negative forcing throughout. Although the zonal-mean precipitation was not significantly larger than the climatology, convectively coupled equatorial wave activities were increased during the 2019/20 disruption. As in the 2015/16 QBO disruption, the increased barotropic instability at the QBO edges generated more MRG waves at 70–90 hPa, and westerly anomalies in the upper troposphere allowed more westward IG waves and CGWs to propagate to the stratosphere. Combining the 2015/16 and 2019/20 disruption cases, Rossby waves and MRG waves can be considered the key factors inducing QBO disruption.
Elemental and water-insoluble organic carbon in Svalbard snow: a synthesis of observations during 2007–2018
Authors: Zdanowicz Christian , Gallet Jean-Charles , Björkman Mats P. , Larose Catherine , Schuler Thomas , Luks Bartłomiej , Koziol Krystyna , Spolaor Andrea , Barbaro Elena , Martma Tõnu , van Pelt Ward , Wideqvist Ulla , Ström Johan
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols emitted by biomass or fossil fuel
combustion can contribute to amplifying Arctic climate warming by lowering the albedo of snow. The Svalbard archipelago, being near to Europe and Russia,
is particularly affected by these pollutants, and improved knowledge of
their distribution in snow is needed to assess their impact. Here we present and synthesize new data obtained on Svalbard between 2007 and 2018,
comprising measurements of elemental (EC) and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) in snow from 37 separate sites. We used these data, combined with meteorological data and snowpack modeling, to investigate the variability of EC and WIOC deposition in Svalbard snow across latitude, longitude, elevation and time. Overall, EC concentrations (CsnowEC) ranged from
<1.0 to 266.6 ng g−1, while WIOC concentrations (CsnowWIOC) ranged from <1 to 9426 ng g−1, with the highest values observed near Ny-Ålesund. Calculated snowpack loadings (LsnowEC, LsnowWIOC) on glaciers surveyed in spring 2016 were 0.1 to 2.6 mg m−2 and 2 to 173 mg m−2, respectively. The median CsnowEC and the LsnowEC on those glaciers were close to or lower than those found in earlier (2007–2009), comparable surveys. Both LsnowEC and LsnowWIOC increased with elevation and snow accumulation, with dry deposition likely playing a minor role. Estimated area-averaged snowpack loads across Svalbard were 1.1 mg EC m−2 and 38.3 mg WIOC m−2 for the 2015–2016 winter. An ∼11-year long dataset of spring surface snow measurements from the central Brøgger Peninsula was used to quantify the interannual variability of EC and WIOC deposition in snow. In most years,
CsnowEC and CsnowWIOC at Ny-Ålesund (50 m a.s.l.) were 2–5 times higher than on the nearby Austre Brøggerbreen glacier (456 m a.s.l.), and the median EC/WIOC in Ny-Ålesund was 6 times higher, suggesting a possible influence of local EC emission from Ny-Ålesund. While no long-term trends between 2011 and 2018 were found, CsnowEC and CsnowWIOC showed synchronous variations at Ny-Ålesund and Austre Brøggerbreen. When compared with data from other circum-Arctic sites obtained by comparable methods, the median CsnowEC on Svalbard falls between that found in central Greenland (lowest) and those in continental sectors of European Arctic (northern Scandinavia, Russia and Siberia; highest), which is consistent with large-scale patterns of BC in snow reported by surveys based on other methods.
Elucidating modern West Antarctic sea surface conditions: An
intercomparison of lipid biomarker proxies, instrumental and
numerical-model data
Authors: Lamping Nele , Müller Juliane , Hefter Jens , Mollenhauer Gesine , Haas Christian , Shi Xiaoxu , Vorrath Maria-Elena , Lohmann Gerrit
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The importance of Southern Ocean sea ice has come into the focus of polar research in the last couple of decades. Especially in West Antarctica, where sea ice has declined, its distribution and evolution play a critical role for the stability of nearby ice shelves. Organic geochemical analyses of marine surface sediments from the West Antarctic continental shelves permit a biomarker-based reconstruction of sea surface conditions in these vulnerable areas. We analysed highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs), such as the sea-ice proxy IPSO25 and phytoplankton-derived HBI-trienes, but also phytosterols and isoprenoidal glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), which are established tools for the reconstruction of primary productivity and sea surface temperatures, respectively. The combination of IPSO25 with a phytoplankton marker results in the semi-quantitative sea-ice index PIPSO25, which provides useful reconstructions of sea-ice conditions, avoiding misleading over- or underestimations of sea-ice cover. Comparisons of the biomarker-based sea-ice distribution patterns and GDGT-based temperatures with (1) sea-ice distributions obtained from satellite observations and (2) estimated sea-ice patterns and SSTs deduced from modelled data are in reasonable agreement, but also highlight specific aspects that need to be considered when interpreting biomarker data. We further discuss IPSO25 concentrations in the vicinity of ice shelves, where elevated values could be related to the occurrence of ice shelf basal melt water and platelet ice under landfast sea ice.
Gaining Hydrological Insights Through Wilk's Feature Importance: A Test-Statistic Interpretation method for Reliable and Robust Inference
Authors: Li Kailong , Huang Guohe , Baetz Brian
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Feature importance has been a popular approach for machine learning models to investigate the relative significance of model predictors. In this study, we developed a Wilk's feature importance (WFI) method for hydrological inference. Compared with conventional feature importance methods such as permutation feature importance (PFI) and mean decrease in impurity (MDI), the proposed WFI aims to provide more reliable importance scores that could partially address the equifinality problem in hydrology. To achieve this, the WFI measures the importance scores based on Wilk's Ʌ (a test-statistic that can be used to distinguish the differences between two or more groups of variables) throughout a decision tree. The WFI has an advantage over PFI and MDI as it does not account for predictive accuracy so the risk of overfitting will be greatly reduced. The proposed WFI was applied to three interconnected irrigated watersheds located in the Yellow River Basin, China. By employing the recursive feature elimination approach, our results indicated that the WFI could generate more stable relative importance scores in response to the reduction of irrelevant predictors, as compared with PFI and MDI embedded in three different machine learning algorithms. In addition, the comparative study also shows that the predictors identified by WFI achieved the highest predictive accuracy on the testing dataset, which indicates the proposed WFI could identify more informative predictors among many irrelevant ones. We also extended the WFI to the local importance scores for reflecting the varying characteristics of a predictor in the hydrological processes. The related findings could help to gain insights into different hydrological behaviours.
Neogene kinematics of the Giudicarie Belt and eastern Southern
Alpine orogenic front (Northern Italy)
Authors: Verwater Vincent F. , Le Breton Eline , Handy Mark R. , Picotti Vincenzo , Jozi Najafabadi Azam , Haberland Christian
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Neogene indentation of the Adriatic plate into Europe led to major modifications of the Alpine orogenic structures and style of deformation in the Eastern Alps. Especially, the offset of the Periadriatic Fault by the Northern Giudicarie Fault marks the initiation of strike-slip faulting and lateral extrusion of the Eastern Alps. Questions remain on the exact role of this fault zone in changes of the Alpine orogen at depth. This necessitates quantitative analysis of the shortening, kinematics and depth of decoupling underneath the Northern Giudicarie Fault and associated fold-and thrust belt in the Southern Alps. Tectonic balancing of a network of seven cross sections through the Giudicarie Belt parallel to the local shortening direction reveals that it comprises two kinematic domains with different amounts and partly overlapping ages of shortening. These two domains are delimitated by the NW-SE oriented strike-slip Trento-Cles – Schio-Vicenza fault system, cross-cutting the Southern Alpine orogenic front in the south and merging with the Northern Giudicarie Fault in the north. The SW kinematic domain (Val Trompia sector) accommodated at least ~18 km of Late Oligocene to Early Miocene shortening. Since the Middle Miocene, the SW kinematic domain experienced a minimum of ~12–22 km shortening, whereas the NE kinematic domain underwent at least ~25–35 km shortening. Together, these domains contributed to an estimated ~53–75 km of sinistral strike-slip motion along the Northern Giudicarie Fault, implying that (most of) the offset of the Periadriatic Fault is due to Late Oligocene to Neogene indentation of the Adriatic plate into the Eastern Alps. Moreover, the faults linking the Giudicarie Belt with the Northern Giudicarie Fault reach ~15–20 km depth, indicating a thick-skinned tectonic style of deformation. These fault detachments may also connect at depth with a lower crustal Adriatic wedge that protruded north of the Periadriatic Fault and was responsible for N-S shortening and eastward escape of deeply exhumed units in the Tauern Window. Finally, the east-west lateral variation of shortening indicates internal deformation and lateral variation in strength of the Adriatic indenter, related to Permian – Mesozoic tectonic structures and paleogeographic domains.
Experimental and model-based investigation of the links between
snow bidirectional reﬂectance and snow microstructure
Authors: Dumont Marie , Flin Frederic , Malinka Aleksey , Brissaud Olivier , Hagenmuller Pascal , Lapalus Philippe , Lesaffre Bernard , Dufour Anne , Calonne Neige , Rolland du Roscoat Sabine , Ando Edward
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Snow stands out from materials at the Earth's surface owing to its unique optical properties. Snow optical properties are sensitive to the snow microstructure, triggering potent climate feedbacks. The impacts of snow microstructure on its optical properties such as reflectance are, to date, only partially understood. However, precise modelling of snow reflectance, particularly bidirectional one, are required in many problems, e.g. to process correctly satellite data over snow-covered areas. This study presents a dataset that combines bidirectional reflectance measurements over 500–2500 nm and the X-ray tomography of the snow microstructure for three snow samples of two different morphological types. The dataset is used to evaluate the stereological approach from Malinka (2014) that relates snow optical properties to the chord length distribution in the snow microstructure. The mean chord length and SSA retrieved with this approach from the albedo spectrum and those measured by the X-ray tomography are in excellent agreement. The analysis of the 3D images has shown that the random chords of the ice phase obey the gamma distribution with the shape parameter m taking the value approximately equal or a little greater than 2. For weak and intermediate absorption (high and medium albedo), the simulated bidirectional reflectances reproduce the measured ones accurately but tend to slightly overestimate the anisotropy of the radiation. For such absorptions the use of the exponential law for the ice chord length distribution instead of the one measured with the X-ray tomography does not affect the simulated reflectance. In contrast, under high absorption (albedo of a few percent), snow microstructure and especially facet orientation at the surface, plays a significant role for the reflectance, particularly at oblique viewing and incidence.
Compliance of Educational Resources with Learning Resource Management and Development System Standards
Authors: Ballesteros Ladie M.
Published: March 2021

Adherence to standards ascertains high-quality educational resources. This descriptive-comparative research was conducted to determine the compliance level of educational resources in English with the Learning Resource Management and Development (LRMDS) standards and to identify the challenges encountered by the resource developers. Standardized LRMDS instruments were used in the evaluation of educational resources by the participants. Descriptive analysis using mean found failed compliance level in Intellectual Property Right (IPR) specification. Comparative analysis using ANOVA and t-test found significantly different compliance levels in terms of LRMDS specifications and in terms of key evaluation and assessment personnel. Apparently, variables age, tenure, educational attainment, and teaching load do not affect the compliance level. The results disclosed that the educational resources in English have weak adherence to IPR standards, which suggests that copyright compliance is the major weakness of resource developers. Hence, it is imperatively important for standards to be realistically set, and conscientiously realized.
Personality Type and Learned Helplessness of Senior High School Students in a Catholic School
Authors: Julag-ay Leni Rose G. , Tajonera Chris Feli Joy P.
Published: March 2021

People's personality types are combinations of differences wherein characteristics, behavior, and thoughts work dynamically. Each one's experiences with uncontrollable and disappointing events may lead them to feelings of helplessness and make them realize and choose not to change the situation. As a school guidance and counseling staff, the researcher, happens to have one-on-one or group sessions, testing, and surveys to students in senior high school, which transpired concerns regarding the academic, student-teacher relationship, peers, and others. The student's ability to deal with the challenges they encountered triggered the conduct of this study since some know how to manage their concerns, but some feel helpless and fail to try. In this event, it may result in poor performance in school and the students' negative behavior. Thus, the study aims to determine the personality type and degree of learned helplessness of senior high school students of a Catholic school in Bacolod City when they are taken as a whole and grouped according to sex, strand, and academic performance. Likewise, it explores whether a relationship exists between the variables and learned helplessness.
Police Operational Competence and Performance of Graduates of Regional Training Center
Authors: Laguyo Jimmy P. , Caelian Merlita V.
Published: March 2021

Police operational competence and performance are parameters for police efficiency and effectiveness. An assessment of competence can help the organization achieve excellence in operations. Today, the country is facing more significant challenges in preserving peace and order.  The country has to undergo internal changes and transformation that can only be attained through effective training programs. Hence, the paper assessed the level of operational competence and performance of graduates of RTC6 assigned in city police stations in Negros Occidental in the areas of traffic, patrol, and investigation operations assessed by their supervisors when graduates were taken as a whole and grouped according to rank, length of service, and city class. Likewise, the study sought to investigate the relationship between operational competence and performance.
Mental Ability Test as Predictor of Academic Performance of Senior High School Students of a Maritime School
Authors: Laurezo Loraine D. , Magallanes Celo I.
Published: March 2021

The academic performance of the students is where the education system revolves. Moreover, academic performance is the knowledge gained by the students throughout the learning process. In the Philippines, the integration of the K-12 program requires the institutions to implement the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) model of education, which requires the students to demonstrate what they have learned. With this, mental ability tests play a role in determining every student's abilities and potential in the learning process. Hence, the paper describes the students' mental ability and academic performance during the school year 2019-2020. Likewise, it explores the relationship between mental ability and academic performance and the students’ performance in English and Mathematics. Also, it determines whether mental ability can predict the academic performance of students.