bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Naturnaher und multifunktionaler Waldbau in Zeiten des Klimawandels – eine Fallstudie
Authors: Schmid Ueli , Bircher Nicolas , Bugmann Harald
Published: September 2015

“Close-to-nature” and multifunctional silviculture in times of climate change – a case study

The available assessments of the impacts of the expected climate change on the dynamics of Swiss forests are prone to considerable uncertainties and are mostly of qualitative nature; recommendations on silvicultural measures are therefore typically quite generic. Using a quantitative method, we analyzed whether today's best-practice silviculture remains valid under changing climatic conditions. Based on a stratification of the data from the National Forest Inventory NFI3, 71 typical Swiss forest stands were identified. Thereof, we chose six illustrative examples and examined how timber production, protective function and tree diversity evolve under climate change, using the ForClim forest model. In cooperation with silviculture experts, we elaborated specific management schemes for the upcoming 100 to 150 years considering different silvicultural objectives. In order to reproduce these in detail, ForClim was extended, and thereby an important basis for plausible, practice-oriented modelling was laid. The results show a satisfying behaviour of the newly introduced management techniques “mountain plentering” and “Z-tree management”. In the latter, the modelling of the selection of Z-trees can potentially be improved. In the six stand types investigated here, no abrupt changes in forest dynamics became apparent under the considered climate change scenarios. The results indicate that today's silviculture may remain suitable in the coming decades.
‘Dead before morning’: How Beckett's ‘Petit Sot’ Never Got Properly Born
Authors: Pilling John
Published: September 2015

An analysis of how and why, after having been appropriately presented, annotated and set as per the publisher's requests in respect of the annotated edition of the Faber/Grove Collected Poems of Samuel Beckett, ‘Appendix Two’ had to be jettisoned, notwithstanding the editors’ reluctance to comply with an obligation imposed on them by those who control the copyrights.
Star-shaped tetrathiafulvalene oligomers towards the construction of conducting supramolecular assembly
Authors: Iyoda Masahiko , Hasegawa Masashi
Published: September 2015

The construction of redox-active supramolecular assemblies based on star-shaped and radially expanded tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) oligomers with divergent and extended conjugation is summarized. Star-shaped TTF oligomers easily self-aggregate with a nanophase separation to produce supramolecular structures, and their TTF units stack face-to-face to form columnar structures using the fastener effect. Based on redox-active self-organizing supramolecular structures, conducting nanoobjects are constructed by doping of TTF oligomers with oxidants after the formation of such nanostructures. Although radical cations derived from TTF oligomers strongly interact in solution to produce a mixed-valence dimer and π-dimer, it seems to be difficult to produce nanoobjects of radical cations different from those of neutral TTF oligomers. In some cases, however, radical cations form nanostructured fibers and rods by controlling the supramolecular assembly, oxidation states, and counter anions employed.
Régimen térmico de suelos del macizo central de Picos de Europa (España)
Authors: Pisabarro Pérez Alfonso , Serrano Cañadas Enrique , González Trueba Juan José
Published: September 2015

El estudio de las temperaturas del suelo en la alta montaña húmeda templada tiene un gran interés porque determina gran parte de los procesos geomorfológicos en un ámbito periglaciar. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar los principales procesos térmicos del suelo a lo largo del año en diferentes altitudes y emplazamientos en el macizo central de Picos de Europa (43°18’ - 43°7’N; 5°7’ - 4°36’O). La metodología ha sido ya aplicada en los Alpes y ha consistido en la obtención de temperaturas a través de 12 microsensores térmicos enterrados a 10 cm con emplazamientos muy diversos entre los 1.110 y 2.535 m.s.n.m. distribuidos buscando el escalonamiento altitudinal y los emplazamientos más fríos. En el artículo se presentan los siguientes parámetros: régimen térmico, ciclos de hielo y deshielo, índice de helada, duración y profundidad de la helada. El régimen térmico varía de acuerdo a las condiciones topoclimáticas de cada emplazamiento aunque se han podido estimar cuatro fases anuales en función del comportamiento del manto nival que se induce de los registros térmicos. El período del año mejor analizado ha sido el invierno y la primavera, cuando el suelo se encuentra protegido por un grueso manto nival y, en consecuencia, los ciclos de hielo y deshielo se anulan. Durante este período los registros nos han permitido afirmar la existencia de suelos helados estacionales en cinco emplazamientos y la posibilidad en otros seis. Sin embargo, no han sido suficientes para encontrar evidencias de permafrost.
Genetic Structure is Inconsistent with Subspecies Designations in the Western Massasauga Sistrurus tergeminus
Authors: Ryberg Wade A. , Harvey Johanna A. , Blick Anna , Hibbitts Toby J. , Voelker Gary
Published: September 2015

The massasauga Sistrurus catenatus was historically divided into three subspecies, but this long-standing taxonomy has recently been called into question. Genetic research now recognizes a split of the species into the eastern massasauga S. catenatus and western massasauga S. tergeminus, with the latter split into two subspecies, the desert massasauga S. t. edwardsii and the prairie massasauga S. t. tergeminus. Although the distinction between geographically isolated populations of S. catenatus and S. tergeminus is well-supported genetically, the geographic relationships among populations of S. t. tergeminus and S. t. edwardsii remain unresolved because of incomplete sampling throughout the species’ range. This poses a difficult challenge for conservation and management of this species. Sistrurus t. tergeminus does not have state or federal conservation status, but S. t. edwardsii has been petitioned for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. In this study, we used nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from 52 individuals from 7 states to explore the taxonomic and geographic relationships between S. t. tergeminus and S. t. edwardsii populations. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference frameworks for both nuclear and mtDNA genes indicated that S. t. tergeminus and S. t. edwardsii populations were genetically indistinguishable. However, at the species level, we did find eight well-supported mtDNA clades within S. tergeminus, including individuals from five peripheral populations in 1) Arizona and western New Mexico, 2) Colorado and Kansas, 3) Missouri, 4) Oklahoma, and 5) southern Texas. These peripherally isolated populations surrounded a larger population of individuals from north-central Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma that was contiguous with three additional genetically distinct populations. We conclude that the putative subspecies S. t. tergeminus and S. t. edwardsii, as currently defined, most likely represent polytypic phenotypes of S. tergeminus rather than discrete taxonomic entities. Instead, we suggest that S. tergeminus existed historically as a large, contiguous collection of populations that only recently became fragmented into several, as opposed to two, potentially discrete taxonomic entities.
Effector T Cell Egress via Afferent Lymph Modulates Local Tissue Inflammation
Authors: Gómez Daniela , Diehl Malissa C. , Crosby Erika J. , Weinkopff Tiffany , Debes Gudrun F.
Published: September 2015

Memory/effector T cells recirculate through extralymphoid tissues by entering from blood and egressing via afferent lymph. Although T cell entry into effector sites is key to inflammation, the relevance of T cell egress to this process is unknown. In this study, we found that Ag recognition at the effector site reduced the tissue egress of proinflammatory Th1 cells in a mouse model of delayed hypersensitivity. Transgenic expression of “tissue exit receptor” CCR7 enhanced lymphatic egress of Ag-sequestered Th1 cells from the inflamed site and alleviated inflammation. In contrast, lack of CCR7 on Th1 cells diminished their tissue egress while enhancing inflammation. Lymph-borne Th1 and Th17 cells draining the inflamed skin of sheep migrated toward the CCR7 ligand CCL21, suggesting the CCR7-CCL21 axis as a physiological target in regulating inflammation. In conclusion, exit receptors can be targeted to modulate T cell dwell time and inflammation at effector sites, revealing T cell tissue egress as a novel control point of inflammation.
Neurocognitive function monitoring
Authors: Kulkarni Dilip , Moningi Srilata
Published: September 2015

Neuro-cognitive dysfunction quite frequently occurs after major surgery particularly in elderly patients. Cognitive function monitoring becomes an important tool in the perioperative period, especially for patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures as these patients are at a greater risk because of the nature of surgery. Many cognitive assessment tools were described, but selecting a tool or combination of tools to assess depends on preoperative patient condition, availability of informant and post-operative course. The cognitive functioning monitoring is crucial for risk stratification to allow for subsequent prophylaxis, surveillance, and treatment of post-operative cognition dysfunction.
An Application of Sequential Meta-Analysis to Gene Expression Studies
Authors: Novianti Putri W. , Van Der Tweel Ingeborg , Jong Victor L. , Roes Kit C. B. , Eijkemans Marinus J. C.
Published: September 2015

Most of the discoveries from gene expression data are driven by a study claiming an optimal subset of genes that play a key role in a specific disease. Meta-analysis of the available datasets can help in getting concordant results so that a real-life application may be more successful. Sequential meta-analysis (SMA) is an approach for combining studies in chronological order while preserving the type I error and pre-specifying the statistical power to detect a given effect size. We focus on the application of SMA to find gene expression signatures across experiments in acute myeloid leukemia. SMA of seven raw datasets is used to evaluate whether the accumulated samples show enough evidence or more experiments should be initiated. We found 313 differentially expressed genes, based on the cumulative information of the experiments. SMA offers an alternative to existing methods in generating a gene list by evaluating the adequacy of the cumulative information.
Квантовая космология материи нескольких скалярных полей: некоторые точные решения
Authors: Andrianov Aleksandr Andreevich , Novikov Oleg Olegovich , Lan Chen
Published: September 2015

Рассматривается гравитация, взаимодействующая со скалярными полями материи и квантованная в подходе суперпространства, в котором волновой функционал описывается уравнениями Уилера-Девитта. В предположении о преимуществе однородной и изотропной геометрии исследован ведущий вклад в волновой функционал в приближении минисуперпространства с метрикой Фридмана-Робертсона-Уокера и скалярными полями, зависящими от параметра времени. Построена модель нескольких скалярных полей с экспоненциальными потенциалами и кинетическими членами, включающими специальное смешивание, такое что в конечном итоге можно разделить переменные в уравнении Уилера-Девитта и найти его точные решения в терминах специальных функций. Детально исследовано полуклассическое приближение и выбраны граничные условия, позволяющие отобрать физические решения для классических космологий.
Кварковые массы и мезонный спектр: голографический подход
Authors: Afonin Sergei Sergeevich , Pusenkov Il'ya Valer'evich
Published: September 2015

Основываясь на экспериментальных данных, можно предположить, что радиальный спектр векторных мезонов со скрытым кварковым ароматом имеет реджевскую форму, предложен конкретный вид такой формы. Параметры реджевского спектра оказываются сильно зависящими от масс кварков, образующих мезоны. Рассмотрена задача нахождения формы этих зависимостей в рамках голографического подхода к сильным взаимодействиям. Полученные результаты хорошо согласуются с феноменологией и моделями дуальных амплитуд типа Венециано.
Конфайнмент цветных состояний в стохастическом вакууме квантовой хромодинамики
Authors: Kuvshinov Vyacheslav Ivanovich , Bagashov Evgenii Gennad'evich
Published: September 2015

Показано, что в рамках модели стохастического вакуума квантовой хромодинамики конфайнмент кварков может быть описан как декогеренция цветного состояния частицы в смешанное квантовое состояние с равными вероятностями для разных цветов. Вычислены квантовые характеристики одночастичных и многочастичных состояний: степень чистоты, степень согласованности, энтропия фон Неймана.
Моделирование взаимодействия материальной плоскости со спинорным полем в рамках подхода Симанзика
Authors: Pis'mak Dar'ya Yur'evna , Pis'mak Yury Mikhailivich
Published: September 2015

Предлагается модель взаимодействия спинорного поля с материальной плоскостью, построенная на основе подхода Симанзика. Исследованы процессы рассеяния дираковских частиц на плоскости и свойства локализованных вблизи нее состояний. Модель может найти применение для широкого класса явлений, возникающих при взаимодействии полей квантовой электродинамики с двумерными материалами.
Точное решение уравнения 'т Хоофта в пределе тяжелых кварков разной массы
Authors: Zubov Roman Andreevich , Paston Sergey Aleksandrovich , Prokhvatilov Evgenii Vasil'evich
Published: September 2015

Рассматривается уравнение 'т Хоофта для связанных состояний в двумерной квантовой хромодинамике в пределе бесконечного числа цветов. Для случая кварков разной массы в пределе стремления их масс к бесконечности получено приближение для низкоэнергетической части спектра и соответствующих волновых функций. Показано, что, как и в частном случае равных масс, уравнение 'т Хоофта сводится в первом приближении к уравнению Шредингера с линейным потенциалом, т. е. к уравнению для частицы в "треугольной" потенциальной яме. Также обсуждается возможность получения поправок к этому приближению.
Дипольное описание pp-взаимодействия
Authors: Kovalenko Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: September 2015

Неупругие протон-протонные столкновения при высоких энергиях рассматриваются в поперечных пространственных координатах. Сталкивающиеся адроны представлены ансамблями цветных диполей. Для вероятности элементарного взаимодействия используются предписания дипольной каскадной модели Мюллера. Многопартонные столкновения учитываются в рамках эйконального подхода. Рассмотрено два варианта модели, с учетом и без учета конфайнмента. Получена асимптотика профильной функции столкновения при больших прицельных параметрах. Рассматриваемый подход применен для нахождения наклона дифракционного конуса в упругом $pp$-рассеянии при высоких энергиях, произведено сравнение с другими моделями описания профильных функций и с экспериментальными данными.
Солитоные решения классических уравнений движения в модифицированной теории Янга-Миллса
Authors: Slavnov Andrei Alekseevich
Published: September 2015

Показано, что в модифицированной формулировке классической теории Янга-Миллса, приводящей
к формальной теории возмущений, которая совпадает со стандартной, существуют солитонные решения классических уравнений движения.
Technical Note:
Electrochemical and Chemical Complications Resulting from Yeast Extract Addition to Stimulate Microbial Growth
Authors: Lee Jason S. , Little Brenda J.
Published: September 2015

Addition of 1 g/L yeast extract (YE) to sterile, aerobic (approximately 21% dissolved oxygen) and deoxygenated (<0.0001% dissolved oxygen) natural seawater fixed the corrosion potential (Ecorr) of 316L (UNS S31603) stainless steel. YE contains riboflavin and other B vitamins that can act as redox mediators, sorb to surfaces, and chelate metal ions. As demonstrated, YE alters the pH of buffered media, including natural seawater. These same activities are typically attributed to microorganisms and are related to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) mechanisms. Despite the prevalent use of YE to stimulate microbial growth in MIC experiments, the potential impact of YE on the outcome of those experiments has not been examined.
Representativeness errors in comparing chemistry transport and chemistry climate models with satellite UV/Vis tropospheric column retrievals
Authors: Boersma K. F. , Vinken G. C. M. , Eskes H. J.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. UV/Vis satellite retrievals of trace gas columns of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and formaldehyde (HCHO) are useful to test and improve models of atmospheric composition, for data assimilation, air quality hindcasting and forecasting, and to provide top-down constraints on emissions. However, because models and satellite measurements do not represent the exact same geophysical quantities, the process of confronting model fields with satellite measurements is complicated by representativeness errors, which degrade the quality of the comparison beyond contributions from modelling and measurement errors alone. Here we discuss three types of representativeness errors that arise from the act of carrying out a model-satellite comparison: (1) horizontal representativeness errors due to imperfect collocation of the model grid cell and an ensemble of satellite pixels called superobservation, (2) temporal representativeness errors originating mostly from differences in cloud cover between the modelled and observed state, and (3) vertical representativeness errors because of reduced satellite sensitivity towards the surface accompanied with necessary retrieval assumptions on the state of the atmosphere. To minimize the impact of these representativeness errors, we recommend that models and satellite measurements be sampled as consistently as possible, and our paper provides a number of recipes to do so. A practical confrontation of tropospheric NO2 columns simulated by the TM5 chemistry transport model (CTM) with Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) tropospheric NO2 retrievals suggests that horizontal representativeness errors, while unavoidable, are limited to within 5–10 % in most cases and of random nature. These errors should be included along with the individual retrieval errors in the overall superobservation error. Temporal sampling errors from mismatches in cloud cover, and, consequently, in photolysis rates, are on the order of 10 % for NO2 and HCHO, and systematic, but partly avoidable. In the case of air pollution applications where sensitivity down to the ground is required, we recommend that models should be sampled on the same mostly cloud-free days as the satellite retrievals. The most relevant representativeness error is associated with the vertical sensitivity of Ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis) satellite retrievals. Simple vertical integration of modelled profiles leads to systematically different model columns compared to application of the appropriate averaging kernel. In comparing OMI NO2 to GEOS-Chem NO2 simulations, these systematic differences are as large as 15–20 % in summer, but, again, avoidable.
Sustainability of water uses in managed hydrosystems: human- and climate-induced changes for the mid-21st century
Authors: Fabre J. , Ruelland D. , Dezetter A. , Grouillet B.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. This paper assesses the sustainability of planned water uses in mesoscale river basins under multiple climate change scenarios, and contributes to determining the possible causes of unsustainability. We propose an assessment grounded in real-world water management issues, with water management scenarios built in collaboration with local water agencies. Furthermore we present an analysis through indicators that relate to management goals and present the implications of climate uncertainty for our results, furthering the significance of our study for water management. A modeling framework integrating hydro-climatic and human dynamics and accounting for interactions between resource and demand was developed and applied in two basins of different scales and with contrasting water uses: the Herault (2500 km2, France) and the Ebro (85 000 km2, Spain) basins. Natural streamflow was evaluated using a conceptual hydrological model. A demand-driven reservoir management model was designed to account for streamflow regulations from the main dams. Human water demand was estimated from time series of demographic, socio-economic and climatic data. Environmental flows were accounted for by defining streamflow thresholds under which withdrawals were strictly limited. Finally indicators comparing water availability to demand at strategic resource and demand nodes were computed. This framework was applied under different combinations of climatic and water use scenarios for the mid-21st century to differentiate the impacts of climate- and human-induced changes on streamflow and water balance. Results showed that objective monthly environmental flows would be guaranteed in current climate conditions in both basins, yet in several areas this could imply limiting human water uses more than once every five years. The impact of the tested climate projections on both water availability and demand could question the water allocations and environmental requirements currently planned for the coming decades. Water shortages for human use could become more frequent and intense, and the pressure on water resources and aquatic ecosystems could intensify. The causes of unsustainability vary across sub-basins and scenarios, and in most areas results are highly dependent on the climate change scenario.
POLENET/LAPNET teleseismic P-wave traveltime tomography model of the upper mantle beneath northern Fennoscandia
Authors: Silvennoinen H. , Kozlovskaya E. , Kissling E.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. The POLENET/LAPNET broadband seismic array was deployed in northern Fennoscandia (Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Russia) during the third International Polar Year 2007–2009. The array consisted of roughly 60 seismic stations. In our study we estimate the 3-D architecture of the upper mantle beneath the northern Fennoscandian shield using high-resolution teleseismic P-wave tomography. For this purpose 111 clearly recorded teleseismic events were selected and the data from the stations handpicked and analysed. Our study reveals a highly heterogeneous lithospheric mantle beneath the northern Fennoscandian shield though without any large high P-wave velocity area that may indicate presence of thick depleted lithospheric "keel". The most significant feature seen in the velocity model is a large elongated negative velocity anomaly (up to −3.5 %) in depth range 100–150 km in the central part of our study area that can be followed down to a depth of 200 km in some local areas. This low-velocity area separates three high-velocity regions corresponding to the cratons and it extends to greater depth below the Karelian craton.
Kunstcoop: Experiencias de mediación artística en Alemania
Authors: Rodrigo-Montero Javier
Published: September 2015

Este artículo analiza el término mediación artística desde el ejemplo de las prácticas educativas del grupo de mediadoras alemanas Kunstcoop. Para comprender estas experiencias, se relata el proceso de construcción y marco institucional del grupo, su política educativa bajo la perspectiva de de la pedagogía crítica, y su desarrollo intermedio como práctica interdiscursiva. Se ejemplifica el trabajo colaborativo del grupo desde sus proyectos como procesos deconstructivos en educación artística que describen un nuevo espacio de actuación de la educación en museos y centros de arte.
La arquitectura de la Seducción: Un análisis de las arquitecturas digitales en la sociedad de consumo
Authors: León-Casero Jorge , Cámara-Menoyo Carlos
Published: September 2015

Actualmente, las nuevas tecnologías digitales empleadas en arquitectura se están utilizando de forma predominante al servicio de una concepción de la misma como un bien cultural más de la sociedad de consumo. Dentro de este marco cultural neoliberal, la función social de los arquitectos está dejando de ser entendida como la producción de hechos urbanos construidos con vocación de servicio, para pasar a considerarse un eslabón más de la lógica simbólica que rige la producción social de los valores culturales tal como fue definida por Veblen y desarrollada por Baudrillard. Así, el potencial aportado por las nuevas tecnologías digitales de representación, antes que como instrumento dedicado a la pre-verificación del edificio construido, está siendo dirigido hacia dos modelos principales. Por una parte, el desarrollo de arquitecturas puramente virtuales que se configuran de forma exclusiva desde su valor simbólico como “imagen” artística fácilmente reproducible. Por otra, todos aquellos proyectos que, manteniendo todavía la atención a la arquitectura como hecho construido, fundamentan el valor simbólico de las mismas en la imagen de autor y una estética virtual impuesta sobre la materialidad de la arquitectura. La función de servicio social del arquitecto ha entrado definitivamente en un punto de inflexión.
Screening Assessment of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in Southern California Lentic Habitats
Authors: Magrann Tracey , Meredith D. A. Howard , Martha Sutula , Danilo S. Boskovic , William K. Hayes , Stephen G. Dunbar
Published: September 2015

Harmful bloom-forming cyanobacteria (CyanoHABs) and associated toxins are increasingly prevalent world-wide. We conducted a screening-level study to determine if cyanobacteria and associated cyanotoxins were present in Southern California coastal lakes, ponds, and seasonally tidal lagoons. We evaluated waterbody nutrient status and physiochemical parameters, land use, waterbody type, and habitat type, to determine their utility as screening factors for risk of CyanoHAB blooms. One-time grab samples were collected from 30 sites during July–September 2009. Samples were analyzed for phytoplankton taxonomic composition, nutrients, other physiochemical parameters, and three cyanotoxins: microcystins (MCY), anatoxin-a, and cylindrospermopsin. Cyanobacteria was the predominant taxonomic group in most water bodies in this study, and Microcystis spp. was the predominant genus in 96% of the study sites. Cyanobacteria were equally prevalent among coastal lagoons, depressional wetlands, and lakes in this study. We detected MCY in high concentrations in 10% of our sites, but neither anatoxin-a nor cylindrospermopsin were detected. All of the MCY-positive sites exceeded California action levels for recreational use and World Health Organization (WHO) guidance for human health effects. The prevalence of Microcystis spp. from all study sites indicates a high potential for MCY in these water bodies, although the one-time toxin grab samples likely underestimated the overall toxicity of these sites. Landscape variables, such as developed land use and dominant habitat type, were not found to be predictive indicators of cyanobacterial dominance. However, because cyanobacteria become consistently dominant when chlorophyll-a levels exceed 15 µg L-1, chlorophyll-a can serve as a significant predictor of MCY. 
The Prosodization of Weak Function Words in Kurdish Language (Leilakhi Dialect)
Authors: Abad Sadegh Mohammadi Bolban , Alinezhad Batool , Rezai Vali
Published: September 2015

This paper investigates the prosodic structure of simple prepositions and dependent personal pronouns as weak function words in Leilakhi Dialect with the theoretical framework of Prosodic Phonology or Phonology of Domains. Weak function words (fnc) of this dialect are proclitics or enclitics that form Clitic Group (CG) with their host. One such feature of these elements is their combinatorial restriction with their host, i.e. simple prepositions as prosodic proclitics must precede a noun phrase or independent personal pronoun and absolute prepositions as phonological words join the dependent personal pronouns in the role of enclitics which give form to the clitic group. The phonetic process and phonological process used in this research are aspiration and stress assignment pattern respectively. 
Historia en las redes, las redes de humanistas en el renacimiento
Authors: Sanchez Herrera Orlando , Duarte Martell Román D.
Published: September 2015

Se realiza un censo de los humanistas del Renacimiento a partir de enciclopedias  y listas de humanistas. La lista resultante se dividió en periodos de 30 años y se conformó una red social con los personajes que resultaron contemporáneos, se obtuvieron 8 redes. Cada una de las redes se analizó con el software para análisis de redes sociales Pajek y por medio de software escrito ad hoc en lenguaje M. Resultados: las redes de humanistas son redes complejas en virtud de sus propiedades topológicas. Planteamos que los parámetros topológicos de las redes sociales son la medida de su complejidad. Las redes de humanistas ganaron en robustez gradualmente hasta alcanzar su máximo en el periodo de 1493-1523, para luego declinar. Todas las redes estudiadas mantuvieron las propiedades topológicas asociadas con la velocidad de transmisión de información, facilidad de transmisión y estabilidad hasta el fin del Renacimiento. Como algunos miembros de las redes de humanistas conformaron también las llamadas redes de filósofos de la naturaleza es factible plantear que estas últimas heredaron las propiedades de las primeras. El humanista más relevante del periodo Renacentista resulto ser Erasmo de Rotterdam por el valor que alcanzo en su intermediación durante 3 periodos consecutivos.
Consumo juvenil de información política. Análisis estructural y reticular de las preferencias mediáticas de universitarios cordobeses (Argentina, 2012)
Authors: Paz García Ana Pamela , Brussino Silvina
Published: September 2015

Considerando el lugar del consumo mediático en la estructuración de la vida cotidiana de las generaciones más jóvenes, el artículo discute el carácter identitario de sus preferencias informativas en términos culturales, políticos e ideológicos. Sobre una base de 230 encuestas semi-estructuradas realizadas en 2012 a estudiantes universitarios de Córdoba (Argentina), se des-componen y re-construyen tales preferencias siguiendo dos caminos metodológicos complementarios. Primero, se describen medios y formatos favoritos, identificando vínculos de afinidad editorial y valorando su asociación significativa con el auto-posicionamiento político-ideológico de los participantes. Segundo, a partir de una distribución relacional de las respuestas individuales y aplicando el método de análisis de redes sociales, se reconocen atributos y propiedades estructurales específicas de los consumos compartidos. Los resultados muestran apropiaciones político-ideológicas diferenciales (masivas, pluralistas y contrastivas), siendo posible distinguir la centralidad y autoridad simbólica de los principales medios preferidos, en el marco de una estructura de consumo relativamente homogénea y concentrada, de modo consistente con las condiciones de un mercado local de tendencia monopólica.
Difusión de conocimientos e innovación en el clúster electrónico de Córdoba: análisis de las firmas miembro de una asociación empresarial
Authors: Bressan Cecilia , Matta Andrés
Published: September 2015

La teoría de Sistemas Nacionales de Innovación (SNI) considera que las empresas no innovan de manera aislada sino en interacción con otras firmas y con la infraestructura de conocimientos; a través del ARS es posible contrastar este postulado. Esta investigación tiene por objetivo general indagar los vínculos entre la transferencia de conocimientos relevantes para las innovaciones de producto y las redes comerciales, cooperativas y de proximidad social entre las empresas del cluster de fabricantes de electrónica de la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina) que forman parte de una asociación empresarial. Los resultados confirman buena parte de lo señalado por la literatura específica (la correlación entre el perfil innovador y la cantidad e incrustación de vinculaciones económicas y sociales) pero generan una novedad al advertirse cuál es el rol de los agentes claves de las asociaciones empresarias en el acceso heterogéneo al conocimiento que circula dentro de un cluster. Los hallazgos generados sugieren entre otros aspectos la importancia de incorporar en los análisis de la difusión de innovaciones de producto a la estructura de relaciones sectorial y la relevancia de las asociaciones empresarias para la creación de “activos colectivos”.
Edmund Spenser's Anti-Catholicism: Duessa's Part in it All
Authors: SCHUETTE GERHARDT
Published: September 2015

This research looks at Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene, one of the earliest and most celebrated pieces of epic poetry in the English language. While it has long been recognized that Spenser's work participates in the agenda of the Protestant Reformation, this research illustrates that Spenser's work is much more than a reflection of the norms of the Elizabethan period. Using the character of Duessa as a focal point, this research illuminates the ways in which Spenser used The Faerie Queene to not just echo but present his idiosyncratic stance on the threat of Catholicism to the English people.
Big Fish Stories: Analysis of Historical Newspaper Data on Size of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in the Lake Michigan Basin
Authors: COCHRAN PHILIP
Published: September 2015

Old newspapers (1850–1915) in the Lake Michigan basin were surveyed for reports of large lake sturgeon (≥ 100 pounds = 45.4 kg). Records of large fish were obtained from throughout the basin. To assess the accuracy of reported measurements, reported weights associated with reported lengths were compared to weights predicted by a weight-length regression developed for a large sample of fish from Lake Winnebago. Although there were a few obvious or likely outliers in the historical Lake Michigan data set, reported and predicted weights were not significantly different. Moreover, although the mean magnitude of deviations between reported and predicted weights, expressed as a proportion of predicted weight, was substantial, it was comparable to natural variability among lake sturgeon due to the effects of differences between sexes, locations, times of year, and reproductive status.
Therapeutic Hydroxychloroquine Blood Levels Are Associated With Fewer Hospitalizations and Possible Reduction of Health Disparities in Lupus
Authors: Garg Shivani , Astor Brad C. , Saric Callie , Valiente Giancarlo , Kolton Lexie , Chewning Betty , Bartels Christie M.
Published: August 2024

Objective

Nonadherence to receiving hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is associated with a three‐fold higher risk of lupus‐related hospitalization. Monitoring HCQ blood levels could improve adherence to receiving HCQ and efficacy. Yet, HCQ level monitoring is not routinely done partially due to cost and coverage concerns. To establish HCQ level monitoring cost‐effectiveness, we reported the following: (1) risk of acute care by HCQ blood levels, and (2) cost of HCQ monitoring versus acute care visits.

Methods

HCQ blood levels were measured during routine lupus visits. HCQ levels were categorized as follows: (1) subtherapeutic (<750 ng/mL), (2) therapeutic (750–1,200 ng/mL), or (3) supratherapeutic (>1,200 ng/mL). All lupus‐related acute care visits (emergency room visits/hospitalizations) after the index clinic visit until next follow‐up were abstracted. In our primary analysis, we examined associations between HCQ levels and time to first acute care visit in all patients and subgroups with higher rates of acute care.

Results

A total of 39 lupus‐related acute care visits were observed in 181 patients. Therapeutic HCQ blood levels were associated with 66% lower rates of acute care. In our cohort, two groups, Black or Hispanic patients and those with public insurance, faced three to four times higher rates of acute care. Levels within 750 to 1,200 ng/mL were associated with 95% lower rates of acute care use in subgroups with higher acute care use.

Conclusion

HCQ blood levels within 750 to 1,200 ng/mL are associated with lower rates of acute care in all patients with lupus, including groups with higher rates of acute care. Future clinical trials should establish the causal association between HCQ level monitoring and acute care in patients with lupus.

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High‐Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Single‐Crystal FeCrAl Alloy Under In Situ Micropillar Compression
Authors: Sun Tianyi , Niu Tongjun , Shang Zhongxia , Shen Chao , Xie Dongyue , Wang Jian , Wang Haiyan , Zhang Xinghang
Published: August 2024

FeCrAl cladding is one of the candidate materials for the near‐term accident‐tolerant fuel technologies under development. Research on high‐temperature mechanical behaviors of single‐crystal FeCrAl alloy is rather limited. Previous studies have reported the mechanical property of low‐index orientation in single‐crystal FeCrAl alloy at room temperature. However, the critical resolved shear stress to activate slip systems can be orientation and temperature dependent. Here, single‐crystal grains in a coarse‐grained FeCrAl alloy with different crystallographic orientations are selected to preferentially activate {110}<111> slip systems or {112}<111> slip systems. Micropillars are fabricated in the selected single‐crystal grains and tested at elevated temperatures in situ in a scanning electron microscope. The critical resolved shear stresses of {110}<111> slip systems and {112}<111> slip systems are determined at various temperatures. The critical resolved shear stress shows a temperature dependence and orientation independence. This study provides important insight for understanding the deformation mechanisms of FeCrAl alloys at elevated temperatures.
Cd‐Free High‐Bandgap Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cell with 10.7% Certified Efficiency Enabled by Engineering Sn‐Related Defects
Authors: Wang Ao , Huang Jialiang , Yan Chang , He Guojun , Cui Xin , Yuan Xiaojie , Zhou Shujie , He Mingrui , Qiu Tianyun , Zhao Chenghan , Green Martin A , Sun Kaiwen , Hao Xiaojing
Published: August 2024

Cd‐free high‐bandgap Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells are expected to offer green and low‐cost solutions to single‐junction and tandem photovoltaic markets. Despite attracting considerable attention in past years, reported certified efficiency has yet to exceed the 10% threshold. Sn‐related defects, especially those originating from Sn2+ oxidation states, lead to severe recombination loss and limit device performance. Here, the formation of these detrimental defects is suppressed by creating a more benign chemical environment during sulfurization annealing. With dominant Sn4+ states in the source material and the precursor, the oxidation state of Sn remains primarily in its native Sn4+ state during annealing and in the final film. Engineering the Sn‐related defects leads to shallower tail states in bulk CZTS and fewer interfacial defects. As a result, both radiative and non‐radiative recombination losses are alleviated, contributing to a certified 10.7% efficiency of the Cd‐free high‐bandgap CZTS solar cell. This strategy may advance various kesterite materials and other technologies with multivalent constituents.
Hierarchical Pore Structure Composite Electrode by Electrospinning for Dendrite‐free Zinc‐Based Flow Battery
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Peng Tao , Ban Yuhang , Zheng Menglian
Published: August 2024

In the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, zinc‐based flow batteries stand out for their potential in large‐scale energy storage, offering a blend of cost efficiency and safety. Although the porous electrode provides an increased specific surface area for reaction, the non‐uniform deposition of zinc, attributed to uneven concentration distribution within the porous electrode, has been a pivotal issue in accelerating the formation of zinc dendrites, which hinders the enhancement of energy density. A composite electrode with a strategic hierarchical pore structure has been developed with aligned nitrogen‐doped carbon fibers and traditional carbon felt. This structure takes advantage of the large pores of the carbon felt for efficient through‐flow paths, ensuring higher flow rates, while the dual‐scale pores within the electrospun film enhance mass transfer and increase the specific surface area. At 320 mA cm−2, it achieved an ≈11.4% improvement in the battery's energy efficiency. Moreover, the nitrogen doping and the optimized reaction uniformity within the composite electrode have been instrumental in reducing the generation of zinc dendrites. The battery, integrated with the innovative composite electrode, maintained an energy efficiency of 59.2% at 320 mA cm−2 after 300 cycles, which is a substantial improvement in operational longevity.
Open‐Shell Resonance of Germanium‐Alkyne Porous Organic Radical Polymer for Boosting Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Dong Chengcheng , Yu Jie , Tao Xin , Wang Heng‐guo , Zhu Guangshan
Published: August 2024

Porous organic polymers (POPs) as electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are attracting increasing attention. However, the application of porous organic radical polymers (PORPs) with unique properties in SIBs is still in an infancy. Herein, two 3D germanium‐based POPs with conjugated diacetylene units (Ge‐DA) and acetylene units (Ge‐A) are designed and synthesized. Carbon radicals in Ge‐DA are verified by electron paramagnetic resonance and the resonance structure is calculated by density functional theory, showing a lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level (−5.46 eV) and a narrow energy gap (ca. 1.64 eV). In contrast, Ge‐DA as an anode for SIBs shows superior electrochemical properties to that of Ge‐A counterpart, including a higher specific discharge capacity of 349 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1, excellent cyclability with a capacity of 112 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 for at least 5000 cycles and high rate performance of 135 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1, proving that the different electronic structures of the diacetylene and monoacetylene units affect the properties of materials.
Docetaxel‐Encapsulated Catalytic Pt/Au Nanotubes for Synergistic Chemo‐Photothermal Therapy of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Yang Haiyan , Zhang Qian , Dai Liwei , Wang Yazi , Zheng Guangrong , Zhang Xinyue , Zheng Di , Ji Xiaojuan , Sang Yutao , Nie Zhihong
Published: August 2024

The combination of photothermal therapy with chemotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality for addressing triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). This manuscript describes a novel hybrid nanoplatform comprising ultrathin catalytic platinum/gold (Pt/Au) nanotubes encapsulated with docetaxel and phase‐change materials (PCMs) for the photoacoustic imaging‐guided synergistic chemo‐photothermal therapy of TNBC. Upon irradiation of near‐infrared laser, the photothermal heating of nanotubes converts solid‐state PCM into liquid, triggering the controlled release of the encapsulated docetaxel. The thin Pt layer within nanotubes enhances the nanotube's thermal stability, thus prolonging the photothermal ablation of tumors. Furthermore, platinum effectively mitigates tumor hypoxia by catalyzing the decomposition of hydrogen peroxides to generate oxygen in the tumor microenvironment, thus improving the efficiency of chemotherapy. It is demonstrated that the drug‐loaded nanotubes achieve significant tumor inhibition rates of 75.4% in vivo on 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice, significantly surpassing control groups. These nanotubes also notably extend survival, attributable to the synergistic effects of prolonged photothermal therapy facilitated by platinum and oxygenation‐enhanced chemotherapy. This combination leverages the unique properties of the Pt/Au NTs‐DTX/PCM nanoplatform, optimizing therapeutic outcomes. It is envisioned that this nanoplatform may find important applications in managing superficial malignant solid tumors in general.
Hydrophilic Components as Key Active Ingredients in Adipose‐Derived Matrix Bioscaffolds for Inducing Fat Regeneration
Authors: Ma Xiaomu , Yue Qiang , Wang Qian , Liu Chunjun , Fu Su , Luan Jie
Published: August 2024

Decellularized adipose‐derived matrix (DAM) has emerged as a promising biomaterial for soft tissue reconstruction. However, due to a lack of research on its complex composition, the understanding of the key components in DAM remains limited, leading to inconsistent adipogenic properties and challenges in optimizing preparation methods purposefully. In this study, it is proposed for the first time that DAM comprises two distinct components: hydrophilic (H‐DAM) and lipophilic (L‐DAM), each with markedly different effects on fat regeneration. It is confirmed that H‐DAM is the key component for inducing fat regeneration due to its enhanced cell–cell and cell–scaffold interactions, primarily mediated by the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In contrast, L‐DAM exhibits poor cell adhesion and contains more antigenic components, leading to a higher immunoinflammatory response and reduced adipogenesis. In addition, it is found that intracellular proteins, which are more abundant in H‐DAM, can be retained as beneficial components due to their hydrophilicity, contrary to the conventional view that they shall be removed. Accordingly, a purified bioscaffold with unprecedented efficacy is proposed for fat regeneration and reduced immunogenicity. This finding provides insights for developing scaffolds for fat regeneration and promotes the realization of xenotransplantation.
Engineering Supramolecular Hydrogels via Reversible Photoswitching of Cucurbit[8]uril‐Spiropyran Complexation Stoichiometry
Authors: Du Mengqi , Li Chuang
Published: August 2024

The integration of photoswitchable supramolecular units into hydrogels allows for spatiotemporal control over their nanoscale topological network and macroscale properties using light. Nevertheless, the current availability of photoswitchable supramolecular interactions for the development of such materials remains limited. Here, the molecular design of a novel photoswitchable cucurbit[8]uril‐spiropyran host–guest complex exhibiting fast and reversible switching of binding ratios between 1:2 and 1:1 is reported. Photoswitchable complexation stoichiometries are rationally exploited as (de)crosslinking units in multiple polymers for the design of supramolecular hydrogels displaying highly dynamic and switchable features that are spatiotemporally controlled by light. The hydrogels exhibit rapid reversible mechanical softening‐hardening upon alternating irradiation with blue and UV light, which is used to significantly accelerate and improve the efficiency of self‐healing and shape‐remolding of hydrogels. Furthermore, spiropyran endows such materials with unique reversible photochromic properties for reproducible patterning/erasing and information storage. Using a dual‐light‐assisted extrusion process, meter‐scale hydrogel fibers with enhanced structural integrity and photoswitchable ionic conductivity are constructed and woven into various slidable knots and fluorescent shapes. This work represents an innovative molecular design strategy for advancing the development of spatiotemporally engineered supramolecular hydrogels using light and opens avenues for their prospective applications in dynamic materials and adaptive systems.