bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angular Nonradial vs. Usual Radial Potential Energy Quotient
Authors: Czajko Jakub
Published: December 2022

Potential energy quotient of the angular nonradial to the usual radial potential energy (and the quotient’s density for a closed orbit or an openended trajectory of a satellite) is offered without direct dependence on the mass of the given (assumed as nonrotating) celestial body (such as star or planet) but with explicit dependence on the body’s density of matter.
Characterization of Selected Solar Radio Bursts Based on Solar Activity Detected by e-CALLISTO (Malaysia)
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M. , Monstein C.
Published: December 2022

One of the main reasons to study more about the dynamics of solar radio bursts is because solar these bursts can interfere with the Global Positioning System (GPS) and communications systems. More importantly, these bursts are a key to understand the space weather condition. Recent work on the interpretation of the low frequency region of a main solar burst is discussed. Continuum radio bursts are often related to the solar activities such as an indication of the formation of sunspot, impulsive phase of solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and their frequencies correspond to the densities supposed to exist in the primary energy release volume. Specifically, solar burst in low frequency play an important role in interpretation of Sun activities. In this work, we have selected few solar bursts that successfully detected by our station at the National Space Centre, Banting Selangor. Our objective is to correlate the solar burst with Sun activities by looking at the main sources that responsibility with the trigger of solar burst. It is found that type II burst is dominant with Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), type III burst associated with solar flare, IV burst with the formation of active region and type U burst high solar flare. We believed that this work is a good start to monitor Sun’s activities in Malaysia as equatorial country.
A Facile Autoxidation of an Allylic Alcohol in Air
Authors: Mosa Fathia A. , Whiting Andrew
Published: December 2022

An (4E,6E)-alkadienyl alcohol which is a solid compound which can be stored at rt, upon dissolving into a suitable solvent undergoes facile autoxidation (4E,6E)-alkadienyl alcohol 1 in air at room temperature. The result is complete decompose leading to a mixture of products, including benzaldehyde (24%) and cinnamaldehyde (29%). Possible mechanistic explanations for the autoxidation are discussed.
Utilisation of CF/Sawdust Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites on Mechanical Properties
Authors: Kumar M. Ashok , Chowdary T. Maruthi , Balaji K. Chandra Sekhar , Goud E. Dhanunjaya , Nagaraju S. , Ahmmed K. Shaik , Sekhar B. Raja
Published: December 2022

This paper presents the performance of short carbon fibre (CF) reinforced and filled with sawdust (SD) hybrid epoxy composites were evaluated. The results showed that hybridisation of carbon fibre and sawdust was in similarity to EP/CF hybrid composites. Effect of fibre orientation in matrix and the analysis and fracture surface was undertaken. The mechanical properties of injection moulded, chopped carbon fibre/sawdust/epoxy hybrid composites were investigated by considering the effect of hybridisation by these two fillers. It was observed that the tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the filled epoxy were higher than those of unfilled epoxy. The effect of filler on epoxy matrix subjected to the tensile strength and modulus was studied and compared with the rule of hybrid mixtures. The effect of filler on epoxy matrix subjected to the tensile strength and modulus was studied and compared with the rule of mixture. The actual results are marginally low as compared with the values obtained by the rule of hybrid mixtures (RoHM).
Digital Chemistry
Authors: Kurić Lutvo
Published: December 2022

The subjects of our research are program lawfulness, cybernetic lawfulness, and informational lawfulness in molecule sequence in the nature. In the science, one question has been present for a long time, that is, if there is one unique common connection that links all phenomena in the cosmos. The doubt is, if the periodical in the biochemical process is only a physical-chemical matter of objective material relationship or maybe a matter of numbers and mathematics. With the goal to find the answers on some of those questions, we have made a decision to do a research on, if in the nature exists such one unique mathematical array and one mathematical lawfulness which could be valid for all phenomena in chemistry and physics.
Enhancement the Octane Number of Sudanese Gasoline (Nile Blend)
Authors: Osman Sedahmed , Duaij Omar K. , Taha Kamal K.
Published: December 2022

Gasoline is one of most important sources of energy but when manufactured with low octane number may leave great risk that affect the human health and environment impact. Therefore processes of gasoline production must be developed. Zeolite material dependence on their extremely high frame work extended interactive surface, ability to interact with molecule and cations. They show a wide variety of interesting properties which result in remarkable applications in the fields of catalysts, gas separations, selective adsorption and water softening. Zeolite catalyst loaded with finely (Sr) metal have been used in hydro-cracking, catalytic cracking. The zeolite used is the synthetic zeolite (type Y) has high thermal stability, good surface area and its heterogeneous catalyst which can be separated after treatment and may be reactivated. The study of the octane number was carried out for this zeolite. The gasoline was obtained from market (commercial gasoline) it has octane number 91.7 determined by IROX-2000.The gasoline was treated by zeolite in the temperature about 331 Kelvin. The synthetic zeolite (type-Y) raised the octane number (from 91.7 to 92.4).
Calcium Carbonate Scale Formation, Prediction and Treatment (Case Study Gumry Oilfield-PDOC)
Authors: Saifelnasr A. , Bakheit M. , Taha Kamal Khalifa , Lila A.
Published: December 2022

In this study the predictions and probabilities of calcium carbonate scale formation and corrosion occurrence inside Gumry Field Process Facilities (GFPF) and produced water injection process units (PWTP) was carried out. This was done calculating the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI). The samples results for LSI index and PSI index were compared and found that all samples under threaten of calcium carbonate scale. The samples results for RSI index and found that all samples under formation of heavy calcium carbonate scale. Special excel computer program was designed to calculate the (LSI, RSI, PSI). The scale was cleaned and removed by 10% diluted hydrochloric acid and commercial scale inhibitor.
A Preliminary Study on Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) Reaction for Consideration of Basic Chemical Reaction in Origin of Life
Authors: Ueno Naoko , Goto Hiromasa
Published: December 2022

Life involves many nonlinear phenomena. Non-linear chemical reactions can be a model for biological reactions. In the present research, we examine optical change of BZ reaction, and confirmed discharge of CO2.
Codes 19 and 7 in the Atomic Numbers of the Chemical Elements
Authors: Kurić Lutvo
Published: December 2022

Current science exclusively explores biochemical characteristics of phenomena in the nature. Therefore, it explores only biochemistry but excludes world outside of biochemistry. Unlike that science, we're offering research of the world outside of biochemistry. That's digital image of the world. What exactly is digital image of the world Digital image of the world is an image in which biochemistry is converted to mathematics. Actually, we convert it to numbers. As soon as we convert to numbers we'll get digital image of the world. In that digital image, there is some very significant scientific information. Those are information in which is given explanation of that reality. That digital image of the world will enable current science to significantly advance it's scientific-research work and to develop top digital technologies in those sciences in a very short time.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening 6-Aryl-2-(Amino/Methoxy)-4-[(4′-Difluoro Methoxy) (3′-Hydroxy) Phenyl] Nicotinonitrile
Authors: Bhadani Vijay N. , Patel Piyush A. , Purohit Heta D. , Purohit Dipak M.
Published: December 2022

A series of an easy and efficient route for the synthesis of some new 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine (4a-4i) and 2-methoxy-3-cyanopyridine (5a-5i) derivatives were synthesized through the reaction of various chalcone (3a-3i) with malononitrile in presence of ammonium acetate and sodium methoxide, respectively. The constitutions of the all synthesized compounds have been established by the IR, 1H-NMR, Mass spectral data and Elemental analysis. Furthermore, all the synthesized products were screened for their antimicrobial activity.
Bio-Potent (5-Chloro-2-Thienyl)-3-(Substituted Phenyl) Bicyclo[2.2.1]Heptane-2-yl Methanone Derivatives
Authors: Thirunarayanan Ganesamoorthy
Published: December 2022

A series of (5-chloro-2-thienyl)(3-(substituted phenyl) bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-5-en-2-yl) methanones have been synthesized by fly-ash catalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene and 5-chloro-2-thienyl chalcones under cooling conditions. The yields of the methanones are more than 60%. The synthesized (5-chloro-2-thienyl)(3-(substituted phenyl) bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-5-en-2-yl) methanones are characterized by their physical constants and spectral data. The antimicrobial, antioxidant and insect antifeedant activities of synthesized methanones have been studied using their respective bacterial, fungal strains, DPPH radical scavenging activity and Dethler’s leaf-discs bioassay method.
Performance Evaluation of Reworked Weld Joints
Authors: Sivarao  , Ali Aidy , Amran Mohd , Sivakumar L.D. , Salleh Shukor , Rajaizam
Published: December 2022

This study presents the performance evaluation of reworked welded joint that have weld imperfections which may result the strength of the structures. Tensile, bending and shear tests have been performed to evaluate the performance and reliability of reworked joint. Their effects on the quality and performance of the reworked welded joint are depend on the requirements of the structure in use. This study is providing detailed examination of the mechanical properties of the carbon steel reworked welded joint by using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) techniques.
Microstructure and Electromagnetic Properties of Microwave Sintered CoCuZn Ferrites
Authors: Patankar K.K.
Published: December 2022

Co-Cu-Zn ferrite material has been extensively used in multilayer chip inductors because of their good electromagnetic properties at higher frequencies and low sintering temperatures. In this research work, a comparative study on Co-Cu-Zn ferrite prepared from two different routes is reported. The two different routes are conventional ceramic sintering method (CS) and is microwave sintered (MS) method. The former route is most commonly used while the latter one is now gaining popularity in sintering processes. The work highlights that the sintering temperature and time were significantly reduced from 4 h and 1250 °C for the CS process to 20 min and 900 °C for MS process. Moreover, microwave sintering also improves the physical and electromagnetic properties of ferrite.
Minerals Content, Essential Oils Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Citrus jambhiri Lush. (Rough Lemon) from the Sudan
Authors: Mohammed Abdelhafeez M.A. , Ibrahim Amna M. , Omran Ayat A. , Mohamed Moawia E. , Elsheikh Sumaya E.M.
Published: December 2022

Minerals content of Citrus jambhiri (rough lemon) fruit was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and flame atomic emission spectrometry (FAES). The peel, moisture and ash contents of rough lemon were found to be 18.35%, 23.75% and 2.04% respectively. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) of rough lemon juice was found to be 70.0 mg/100 g. The chemical composition of essential oil of rough lemon peel was determined. The major compound was found to be limonene (84.5%) followed by sabinene, β-myrcene, α-terpineol, 1,3-tetradecadiene and linalool.
Heavy Metal Content in Water of Miedwie Lake (North-West Poland)
Authors: Daniszewski Piotr , Konieczny Ryszard
Published: December 2022

The present research work deals with the quantification of toxic heavy metals in the water samples collected from Lake of Miedwie (North-West Poland). While the annual average concentration of Cadmium was calculated as 0.45 ppm in 2008 of the year and 0.29 ppm in 2009 of the year. The values obtained were found to be below the permissible limit of 2.0 ppm set for inland surface water. While the annual average concentration of Chromium was calculated as 2.78 ppm in 2008 of the year and 2.50 ppm in 2009 of the year. Which was very much above the permissible limit of 0.1 ppm set for inland surface water. The observed annual average concentration of Copper in the water was 0.06 ppm in 2008 of the year and 0.05 ppm in 2009 of the year, which was below the permissible limit of 3.0 ppm set for inland surface water. While the annual average concentration of Mercury was calculated as 0.04 ppm in 2008 of the year and 0.04 ppm in 2009 of the year, which was very much above the maximum limit of 0.01 ppm set for inland surface water. The annual average concentration of Nickel in the water samples was observed to be 2.19 ppm in 2008 of the year and 2.42 ppm in 2009 of the year, which is close to the limit of 3.0 ppm set for inland surface water. The annual average concentration of Lead in the water samples was observed to be 0.06 ppm in 2008 of the year and 0.05 ppm in 2009 of the year, which is above the permissible limit of 0.1 ppm set for inland surface water. The results of the present investigation indicate that the annual average concentration of Zinc in water samples was 3.25 ppm in 2008 of the year and 2.95 ppm in 2009 of the year, which is above the permissible limit of 5.0 ppm set for inland surface water.
Ultrasonic Study of Molecular Interaction in Binary Liquid Mixtures of n-Hexane with Alcohols
Authors: Santhi N. , Sabarathinam P.L. , Alamelumangai G. , Madhumitha J. , Emayavaramban M.
Published: December 2022

Ultrasonic velocity, viscosity and density of alcohol[s] in n-hexane have been measured at various temperatures in the range of 303.15 - 318.15K. From the experimental data, the acoustical parameters such as molar volume, adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length and their excess values have been computed and presented as functions of compositions. The deviations from ideality of the acoustical parameters are explained on the basis of molecular interactions between the components of the mixtures. The variations of these parameters with composition of the mixture suggest the strength of interactions in these mixtures.
Chemical Analysis of Ground Water from Various Parts of Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu (India)
Authors: Kannan D. , Mani Dr. N.
Published: December 2022

The present study was to assess the quality of ground water from various parts of Thanjavur district, and check its fitness for drinking purpose. The pH was determined by pH metric method, calcium, magnesium, chloride were analyzed by titration method, sulphade, iron, nitrate, nitrite, chromium were estimated by spectrometric method ,total dissolved solids of the water samples were determined by gravimetrically, colour of the water samples were determined by platinum-cobalt method ,taste of the water samples were determined by taste rating method, turbidity of the water samples were determined by Nephelometric method etc., are determined for some parts of Thanjavur district water samples and compared with standard limits recommended by BIS. Comparative study of groundwater for this region can be used for the quality of water is suitable for drinking purpose, but the ground water sample numbers S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7 and S9 is not suitable for drinking purpose, because in the presence of excess of hardness (Ca2+, Mg2+), chloride, and TDS.
Crystal Surface/Liquid Crystal Interfacial Polymerisation: Preparation of Helical π-Conjugated Polymer on Mineral Crystal
Authors: Kudo Yuki , Kawabata Kosuke , Goto Hiromasa
Published: December 2022

Crystal surface/liquid crystal interfacial polymerisation was developed. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT, EDOT = ethylene dioxythiophene) and poly(EDOT-fluorene-EDOT) were prepared in a cholesteric liquid crystal electrolyte solution on the surface of pyrite. Polymerisation in liquid crystal produces polymers showing fingerprint structure through transcription of molecular aggregation in the polymerisation process. Surface structures of the polymers were observed with circular polarised differential interference contrast microscopy (C-DIM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The polymerisation reaction proceeds interface between liquid crystal and pyrite surface. The polymers thus prepared in liquid crystal on the pyrite shows fingerprint structure on steps structure of pyrite. This is a first report of liquid crystal interfacial electrochemical polymerisation on a natural mineral crystal.
Study on Physio-Mechanical Properties of Rice Husk Ash Polyester Resin Composite
Authors: Islam Md Mahfujul , Kabir Humayun , Gafur Md Abdul , Rahman Bhuiyan Md. Mahbubur , Kabir Md Alamgir , Qadir Md. Rakibul , Ahmed Farid
Published: December 2022

The rice husk ash/polyester resin composites were prepared by compression molding method and their physical and mechanical properties were studied by universal testing machine. The hardness of the composites were tested by Leeb rebound hardness tester and Vickers hardness tester .The bulk density of the rice husk ash/polyester resin composite decreased with the addition of the rice husk ash, and the water absorption also found to be increased with increase in soaking time. Flexure strength of the composite was decreased randomly with an increase in rice husk ash content. The elastic modulus for the flexure strength increased up to the percentage 0-10% but decreased on 15% and 20% of the rice husk ash/polyester composite. The compressive strength of the composites was decreased randomly with the addition of rice husk ash content, and the elastic modulus for compressive test was increased firstly on the addition of rice husk ash, but it was decreased after 5%. The Hardness of the prepared composite was found to be decreased with an increase of the addition of rice husk ash content due to elastic deformation.
Performance Evaluation of Aro-Ndizuogu Local Clay in Alkyd Paint Production
Authors: Igwe Isaac O. , Ewulonu Chinomso M. , Chikei Augustine N. , Nicholas B.
Published: December 2022

The potentials of Aro-Ndizuogu clay as an extender in gloss paint have been investigated. The physical properties of the local clay investigated: refractive index (1.54), pH (7.10), oil absorption (32g/100g clay), and specific gravity (2.13) compared favourably with that of conventional extenders. Gloss paints were prepared using the local clay (as an extender), xylene as solvent, and alkyd resin as binder. Paint samples prepared using TiO2 pigment was used for comparison. Results obtained from the analysis of the paint samples showed that TiO2 formulated alkyd paint samples exhibited the highest specific gravity (1.42) while the alkyd paint containing 50 % local clay, the least (1.30). While TiO2 formulated paint samples did not show any settling tendency, paint samples containing 50 and 60 % local clay had poor settling tendencies. The resistance of dry paint films was generally good in 20 % Na2CO3, distilled water, and 20 % NaCl. However, all the prepared paint samples failed NH3, and H2SO4 resistance tests. The present study has shown that Aro-Ndizuogu clay exhibited similar performance properties in the prepared alkyd paint samples like TiO2 prepared paint, and should find utilization in the surface coatings industry.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of 2-Phenylsulphonamide Derivatives of Some Amino Acids
Authors: Ikpa Chinyere Benardette Chinaka , Okoro Uchechukwu C. , Ubochi Collins I. , Nwanorh Kieran O.
Published: December 2022

The 2-phenylsulphonamide derivatives of amino acids were synthesis by simple substitution of benzenesulphonylchloride (6) with amino acids (1-5) containing pharmacological active functionalities. Structures of the synthesised compounds (7a-7e) were characterised using FT-IR, NMR(1H, 13C) and elemental analysis. The anti bacterial activities of the synthesised compounds were evaluated against gram positive bacteria: Staph and Streptococcus, gram negative bacteria: E-coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, and pseudomonas using 200 µl of 10 mg/ml and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were also determined. The compounds exhibited effective anti bacterial properties though some are not more active than the standard drug ciprofloxacin.
Intensification of Heat Transfer in Cavity Partially Heated and Filled with Nanofluid (Cu-Water)
Authors: Jmai Ridha , Ben Beya Brahim , Lili Taieb
Published: December 2022

Natural convection in a rectangular cavity with aspect ratio (Ax), partially heated and filled with a nanofluid (Cu-Water) has been studied numerically. Two heat sources with length (B) are placed on the opposite vertical walls; the remainder of the walls is maintained adiabatic while the horizontal walls are brought to a cold temperature. The equations governing the flow are solved using a finite volume home code using a multigrid technique. Among the parameters governing the flow, a detailed study on the effects of the aspect ratio (Ax) and the length of the source (B) on flow and heat transfer rate is given. The results are shown in terms of streamlines and isotherms. It was found that the transfer of heat significantly increases with the aspect ratio (Ax) and the length of the source (B). A correlation expressing the Nusselt number as a function of (Ax) and d is established.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of some New Oxadiazole Derivatives in DMSO and DMF
Authors: Baluja Shipra , Chanda Sumitra , Ramavat Paras
Published: December 2022

A series of oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized and were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy. All these synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro antimicrobial against four Gram positive bacteria, four Gram negative bacteria and four fungal strains in DMSO and DMF.
Theoretical Inversion of Amino Acids (Alanine and Aspartic Acid) by Semi-Empirical Methods
Authors: Mohamed Musa E.
Published: December 2022

The inversion reaction coordinate of free amino acids (alanine, aspartic acid) have been computationally calculated by semi-empirical methods AM1. A transition state for free alanine and aspartic acid were obtained as a three membered ring in which the α-C-H and α-C-CH3 are slightly elongated, 1.2 and 2.17 Å respectively in the alanine transition state. The activation energy of alanine is 77.52 kcal/mol in the gas phase and 76.66 kcal/mol in aqueous phase, and for aspartic acid is 54.87 kcal/mol in the gas phase and 50.86 kcal/mol in aqueous phase.
Contribution of Outer Electron and Inner-Shell Electron to Proton Energy Loss in Liquid Water and DNA
Authors: Faris Bashier Sabty , Al-Ani Riaybd K.A.
Published: December 2022

In the present work Drude-dielectric formalism has been used to calculate the effects of contribution of inner and outer-electron shell to energy-loss of protons liquid water H2O and DNA. The results show that the incident protons with energy between (T = 0.05, 0.25, 1, 2, 2.5 MeV) are very efficient in producing secondary electrons in dry DNA, which are able to produce strand breaks and could be very effective for the biological damage of malignant cells. The PSPEC, Stopping power, average energy transfer, ∆E and ionization energy have been calculated taking in the consideration the Sub-shells of each elements in DNA and H2O, Fourier energy density ρ (q), Charge exchange and Screening effects ᴧ. Good agreement achieved with the previous work [1].
Performance Evaluation of Free Vibration of Laminated Composite Stiffened Hyperbolic Paraboloid Shell Panel with Cutout
Authors: Sahoo Sarmila
Published: December 2022

The paper considers free vibration characteristics of stiffened composite hyperbolic paraboloid shell panel with cutout in terms of natural frequency and mode shapes. A finite element code is developed for the purpose by combining an eight noded curved shell element with a three noded curved beam element. The size of the cutouts and their positions with respect to the shell centre are varied for different edge conditions of cross-ply and angle-ply laminated shells. The effects of these parametric variations on the fundamental frequencies and mode shapes are considered in details to conclude a set of inferences of practical engineering significance.
Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Vanadium in Syrian Oil Using 1,5-Diphenylcarbazide Reagent
Authors: Moustafa Issa , Khateeb Mouhammed , Alhamed Obaida
Published: December 2022

New, sensitive, accurate and inexpensive kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the determination of V(V) in crude oil and its heavy product. The method is based on the formation of colored complex between V(V) and 1, 5-diphenylcarbazide (DPCI). The method involves the reaction of V(V) with DPCI in presence of buffer solution of pH 6.8 to form colored complex with λmax at 530 nm. The fixed time method (2000 Sec) was adopted for constructing the calibration curve. The linearity range was found to be (2-12) mg/L. The correlation coefficient was 0.9999 and the limit of detection was found to be 0.349 mg/L. The method is feasible with the calibration equations obtained, which makes this method more applicable. Statistical treatment of the experimental results indicates that the method is precise, selective and accurate. The method was successfully applied for determination of V(V) in Syrian crude oil and its heavy product.
An Extraction of the Isatin from the Couroupita guianesis (Cannon Ball Tree) and a Novel Synthesis of the N,N'-(2-oxo-3'H-spiro[indoline-3,2'-[1,3,4]thiadiazole]-3',5'-diyl]diacetamidefrom the Isatin
Authors: Tripathi Rahul R. , Sonawane Ratnamala P.
Published: December 2022

Isatins are synthetically versatile substrates, where they can be used for the synthesis of a large variety of Isatins and heterocyclic compounds. In this, the isatin were extracted from the floral material of Couroupita guianesis commonly known as an Cannon ball tree. After that, a novel heterocyclic spiro derivative having an IUPAC name N,N’-(2-oxo-3’H-spiro[indoline-3,2’-[1,3,4] thiadiazole]-3’5’-diyl)diacetamide were synthesized , which may be used as raw material for drug synthesis. A spiro compound N,N’-(2-oxo-3’H-spiro[indoline-3,2’-[1,3,4] thiadiazole]-3’5’-diyl)diacetamide were synthesise by refluxing Isatin and thiosemicarbazone in ethanol and then on heating with acetic anhydride underwent to cyclization into intermediate that on acetylation of the NH and NH2 groups afforded the spiro compound.
Pyrolysis of Copolymers Based on Alkyl Methacrylates with C1-C8 Alkyl Chain
Authors: Czech Zbigniew , Kowalczyk Agnieszka , Sowa Dominika
Published: December 2022

The manuscript describes pyrolysis of copolymers based on selected alkyl methacrylates containing C1-C8 alkyl side chain at temperatures between 250 °C and 400 °C which was studied using pyrolysis-gas chromatography. The kind and composition of thermal degradation products gave practical information about the mechanism of pyrolysis of copolymers synthesized by using of typical commercially available alkyl methacrylates. It was observed that the main thermal degradation products from alkyl methacrylate copolymers are monomers, in this case alkyl methacrylates using by synthesis. Other pyrolysis by-products formed during thermal degradation were carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, methanol, ethanol and propanol-1.
Synthesis and Characterization of Imidazo[1,2-a]Pyrimidine
Authors: Shah A.M. , Rojivadiya A.J.
Published: December 2022

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of imidazo [1,2-a] pyrimidine was developed by using three component one-pot Biginelli synthesis. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques like FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy.
Quantum Theory of Gravitation
Authors: Pluta Zdzisław , Hryniewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

In the paper, the outline of a new quantum theory of gravitation is presented. The energetic states of a material body, stable and unstable, are described. Characteristics of a body motion in a gravitation-inertia space-time has been given. It has been proved that all the time both gravitation and inertia are co-existent, independent on the position of a moving object. This is the reason of that two-link name of the space-time. A thorough in-depth analysis of the problem made it possible to state that so called the law of common gravity is a hyperbolic approximation of a proper course of inertia force. Therefore the mentioned courses have only two common points. One of them, the initial point belongs also to the course line of the gravity force, constant on the whole length of space-time. This theory is adequate in character and thus generally does not corresponds with the existent classical theory of gravitation.
Effect of Halogen Doping on Optical Properties for ZnO Thin Film Prepared by Thermal Oxidation
Authors: Abdullah Wael
Published: December 2022

Undoped and halogen-doped zinc oxide thin films are prepared by the thermal oxidation process. Zinc acetate dihydrate, ethanol, and Diethanolamine are used as precursor, solvent, and stabilizer, respectively. In the case of ZnO:Hal. dopant Ammonium chloride NH4Cl 99%, Benzene Bromide C6H5Br, or Benzene Iodide C6H5I for making dopant ZnO thin film with Cl, Br, I respectively is added to the precursor solution with an atomic percentage equal to 2-10.% hal. The transparent solution sprayed onto glass substrates, and are transformed into ZnO upon annealing at 500°C. XRD spectra of ZnO thin films, and optical properties of them as a function of halogen content have been investigated using U.V spectroscopy ( transmittance , refractive index, extinction coefficient and energy band gap ) for undoped and halogen-doped zinc oxide thin films.
Compton Wavelengths for the Proton and Electron May Differ by Hyperspace Geometry: Are they the same Particle Bifurcated?
Authors: Persinger Michael A. , St-Pierre Linda S.
Published: December 2022

The discrepancy between the Compton wavelength of a proton and an electron has been assumed to reflect some shared variable with their respective masses. However this discrepancy of 1.83·103 is remarkably similar to the geometric constant (21.3 π4) derived from the product of four dimensional space-time for closed circular boundaries. This same formulation, when the appropriate powers for Newton’s Gravitational Constant and the mass, duration, and length of the universe were multiplied, resulted in a diffusivity value that has been considered a potential entanglement velocity. This value is the same order of magnitude as the ratio of 2π multiplied by the neutral hydrogen wavelength divided by a quantum “jiffy”. The quantifications suggest that the difference between the space, as inferred by wavelength, occupied by the electron and the proton are related by the geometric structure of space-time. Their distinctions as different particles are manifested when the temporal increments of observations are much, much less than the duration of the universe.
Investigation of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) Profile and Determination of Potential Astronomical Radio Sources
Authors: Hamidi Zety Sharizat , Shariff N.N.M.
Published: December 2022

In this article, we have recognized a Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) sources that can potentially affect for radio astronomical observation. The main objective of this surveying is to test and qualify the potential of radio astronomical sources that can be observed in Malaysia generally. Analysis process focuses on the high sources that contribute the pollution and the significant region that can be considered for astronomical purpose beginning 1-2000 MHz. It was found that 13 individual sources contribute as a noise and mostly are telecommunication and radio navigation applications. We then compared of the RFI profiles based on three different periods in order to observe the variety of the signals. The main regions that still excellent to do an observation are: 13.36 -13.41 MHz (solar), (25.55-25.67) MHz (Jupiter) and (37.50-38.25) MHz (Continuum) respectively. This work is also an initiative of the International Space Weather Initiative (ISWI) project where Malaysia is one of the countries that involve in e- CALLISTO (Compound Astronomical Low Cost Low Frequency Transportable Observatory) network project. Some suggestions are recommended in order to improve the quality of the radio frequency profile.
Characteristics of the Physical and Chemical Parameters of Water in Pools of Port in Świnoujściein 2009
Authors: Cyraniak Emil , Daniszewski Piotr , Draszawka-Bołzan Beata
Published: December 2022

The aim of this work was to be traced during the summer and autumn of 2009 the level and dynamics of changes in the waters of the port the port Świnoujście general parameters pools water quality. In the work of the General indicators of water temperature, were numbered: pH, BOD5, COD-Cr, Cl-. All the markings and the calculation was performed according to the methods recommended by Polish Standards, applying analytical procedures described in. by Dojlido, Elbanowską, Hermanowicz. Port of Świnoujście is a sea port located on the Gulf of Pomorską, on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, on the islands of Usedom and Wolin. The Port is located at the Świna, in Świnoujście, West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The port can be placed on ships with a maximum length of 42.0 m and width 260,0 m, draught 12.8 m. The tides in the Harbor, but the water level fluctuations are possible with sudden currents entering and outgoing, which depending on the direction of prevailing winds and reaching speeds of up to 1.5 knots. At the entrance to the port at the West breakwater, It is Western. The primary function of the port of Świnoujście is the transshipment of cereals, ores, oil, paper, cellulose, general cargo, coal, iron. Trying to test water were collected by PN/C-04632.03 with a depth of about. 2 m below the water surface. The temperature at the place of sampling were numbered, pH. Collected water samples were fixed in accordance with the recommendations in the Polish Standard-PN/C-04632.04. Other indicators for the quality of the waters have been tagged within 24 hours from the moment of download attempts. The quality objectives was evaluated according to the criteria recommended to evaluate inland surface waters referred to in regulation of the Minister of the environment of 11 February 2004 on the classification for the present status of surface water and groundwater, how to conduct monitoring and how to interpret the results and presentation of these waters. Due to the exposure of the docks the port Świnoujście on the pollution associated with cross-what are the cereals, ores, oil, cellulose, carbon, iron, general research evaluation of the water quality of these pools, you can assess the status of water in order to keep these waters.
Morphology and Physical/End-Use Properties of Recycled Polypropylene-Corn Cob Powder Composites
Authors: Onuoha Chukwudike , Onyemaobi Okechukwu , Anyakwo Charles , Onuegbu Genevive
Published: December 2022

This study investigates the morphological and physical/end-use properties of corn cob powder-filled recycled polypropylene composites. The composites were prepared by incorporating corn cob powder of particle sizes 150 µm, 300 µm and 425 µm respectively at filler loadings of 5 to 25 wt%. The properties were determined according to standard test procedures. Results showed that the incorporation of corn cob powder as filler resulted to enhancement of water absorption and solvent sorption, which were found to increase with both increase in filler loading and increase in filler particle size, probably due to the hydrophilic nature of corn cob powder. It was also discovered that solvent sorption was most pronounced with benzene, followed by toluene and lastly xylene, in accordance with the relative proximity of their solubility parameters to that of polypropylene. Flame propagation rate was also found to improve by the incorporation of corn cob powder due to its high content of cellulose, a combustible organic matter. However, specific gravities of the composites were found to be lower than for the unfilled polypropylene, an implication that the composites produced are lighter in weight than the unfilled. Specific gravity increased with increase in filler loading but decreased with increase in particle size. The Morphological studies showed increase in the number of spherulites with increase in filler loading and increase in the size of the spherulites with increase in particle size. Further observation showed that the particle sizes and pores sizes detected increased with increase in filler particle size probably due to poor interaction and distribution of coarse particles. It is hoped that this present study will to help place the usefulness of corn cob as filler in the development of thermoplastic composites in future and develop its niche in the scientific record.
Optimized Synthesis of Novel Pyrazole Based Thiazole Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Evaluation
Authors: Desai Nisheeth C. , Bhatt Malay J.
Published: December 2022

A series of nitro pyrazole based thiazole derivatives compounds were synthesized by using solid base catalyst. The process was further optimized by setting up the solvent and catalyst ratio. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectral (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectra) analysis. Synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against the representative panel of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. These compounds were tested for their inhibitory action against strains of fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillusniger, Aspergillusclavatus).
Pollution Discharge Scenario of Metallurgical Industries along Dombivali Industrial Belt of Mumbai, India
Authors: Singare P.U. , Dhabarde S.S.
Published: December 2022

The paper deals with monitoring of pollution arising due to metallurgical industries located along the Dombivali industrial belt of Mumbai, India. The study was carried for the period of one year from June, 2012 to May, 2013 to study the level of toxic heavy metals and the physico-chemical properties of waste water effluents discharged from the above industries. The concentration levels of Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, Fe and Zn were found to be maximum of 41.00, 1.47, 5.97, 2.55, 46.86 and 12.97 ppm respectively during winter and summer seasons starting from December to May. The pH value was found to be maximum of 10.30 in the month of February, while the conductivity was found to be maximum of 25067 μmhos/cm in the month of July. The majority of physco-chemical parameters like salinity, chloride content, and total solids (TS) were observed to be maximum in the month of June having values of 6.32, 2411 and 20738 ppm respectively. The high cyanide (0.09 ppm), phosphate (117.21 ppm), COD (13640 ppm) and low DO content of 5.79 ppm were observed in the effluents released during the month of February. The alkalinity content in the effluent was maximum of 1395 ppm in the month of May. The hardness and BOD values of the effluents were reported maximum of 490 and 557 ppm in the month of October. From the results of the present investigation it seems that the time has come to implement proper effluent water treatment techniques and enforcement of pollution control by the regulatory authority on the indiscriminate discharge of industrial wastewater into water bodies.
1H NMR, Diffused Reflectance, Thermal Studies, ESR and Anti Microbial Activities of Schiff Base Derived from 5-Nitro Salicylaldehyde and p-Anisidine
Authors: More Paresh S. , Mehta Bipin H.
Published: December 2022

Transition metal complexes of the type ML1 [Where M= Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II) and Zn(II), L= Schiff base of 5 nitro-salicylaldehyde and p-anisidine were characterized by using 1H NMR, TGA, Diffused reflectance and ESR spectroscopy. On the basis of above studies Co(II), Ni(II) shows tetrahedral structure, Cu(II) and Zn(II) shows square planar structure.
London-Proca-Hirsch Equations for Electrodynamics of Superconductors on Cantor Sets
Authors: Christianto Victor
Published: December 2022

In a recent paper published at Advances in High Energy Physics (AHEP) journal, Yang Zhao et al. derived Maxwell equations on Cantor sets from the local fractional vector calculus. It can be shown that Maxwell equations on Cantor sets in a fractal bounded domain give efficiency and accuracy for describing the fractal electric and magnetic fields. However, so far there is no derivation of equations for electrodynamics of superconductor on Cantor sets. Therefore, in this paper I present for the first time a derivation of London-Proca-Hirsch equations on Cantor sets. The name of London-Proca-Hirsch is proposed because the equations were based on modifying Proca and London-Hirsch’s theory of electrodynamics of superconductor. Considering that Proca equations may be used to explain electromagnetic effects in superconductor, I suggest that the proposed London-Proca-Hirsch equations on Cantor sets can describe electromagnetic of fractal superconductors. It is hoped that this paper may stimulate further investigations and experiments in particular for fractal superconductor. It may be expected to have some impact to fractal cosmology modeling too.
Convenient Synthesis of the 2,5-di-Substituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives under Microwave
Authors: Namera Dipti L. , Bhoya Umed C.
Published: December 2022

We have reported some novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole synthesized by conventional method as well as microwave assisted method. The reaction of different substituted cinnamic acid 2a-o with 2-(4-chlorophenyl) acetohydrazide by using phosphoric anhydride as catalyst, yielded a series of 2,5-di-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole 6a-o. The structures of all synthesized compounds are well characterized by Mass, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. After obtaining experimental data regarding the yield and the time taken for the synthesis by both the methods, conventional and microwave assisted method, it was proved that the microwave assisted method is convenient for synthesis of this type of 2,5-di-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole 6a-o.
Bridge Carrying Robot Using ZigBee Carrying Multiple Sensor
Authors: Reddy M. Dheeraj
Published: December 2022

MULTI-UTILITY VEHICLE is a vehicle which carries a folding bridge and multiple sensors. This vehicle is mainly used in war-field, it helps the soldiers to cross The un-even areas with the help of the bridge. It also helps other heavy vehicles to cross the disturbed path using its bridge. It is also equipped with multiple sensors like the fire detector, gas detector, light detector. This helps the soldiers to identify the different types of threats bearing poisonous gases, increase in temperature etc. from a longer distance. Those threats can be recognized by the soldiers with the help of buzzers equipped in the detector. As it is a remote vehicle which works on the wireless transmission of ZigBee, the light detector in the vehicle is used to automatically switch on the main lights when the visibility level starts decreasing due to sunlight. This project is already implemented in European countries during the First World War. It is an upcoming technology in our country. For solving the problem of the cooperation between multi-robots, a communication system based on the ZigBee network was designed. In the hardware of the robots, the ZigBee nodes are introduced. The multi-robots form a star network by the ZigBee nodes, and they keep communication with each other by the central node. The ZigBee network has many characteristics such as low cost, low power consume, strong anti-jamming ability and real-time performance etc, it adapts to the application of intelligence. Experiments showed that the communication between the robots is reliable. This scheme is a good way for robots to complete complex task and improve working efficiency.
Effect of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) on Structural and Optical Properties of (PP/PMMA) Blends
Authors: Habeeb Majeed Ali , Abbas Ahmed Hamza
Published: December 2022

In the present work, Polypropylene (PP) was blended with poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) to form (PP/PMMA) polymer blends. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) was mixed into these blends at different weight fractions (2,4,6,8) % wt to form (PP/PMMA/HDPE) blends were prepared using an one screw extruder. results obtained from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that there was a reduction in surface roughness any decrease in clusters, drilling and bends, as for Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry showed no change in the wave numbers of the functional groups. The optical properties of samples are investigated by measuring optical absorption spectra in the wavelength range from 260 to 1100 nm. this results show that Eg of the blends increases with increasing high density polyethylene contents, the indirect optical band gaps for (PP/PMMA) and (PP/PMMA/HDPE) blends were estimated to be about 2.83,2.9,2.95,3and 3.1 eV for indirect allowed transitions, whereas the indirect forbidden band gaps were determined as 2,2.1,2.15,2.2 and 2.3 eV with increase high density Polyethylene contents, respectively. The absorbance, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient and the imaginary dielectric constant of (PP/PMMA/HDPE) decreases with increasing of HDPE percentages except the transmittance, refraction index and real part of the dielectric constant increase with increasing of high density polyethylene.
Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Bioethanol: An Overview with a Focus on Pretreatment
Authors: Singh Yengkhom Disco , Satapathy Kunja Bihari
Published: December 2022

The present review article aims to highlight various pretreatment technologies involved in the biochemical conversion of biomass to bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass without the process modification. Pretreatment technologies are aimed to increase the enzyme susceptibility to the biomass for high yield of ethanol production through microbial fermentation. Broadly, pretreatment methods are divided into four categories including physical, chemical, physico-chemical and biological. This paper comprehensively reviewed on the lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol process with focuses on pretreatment methods, their mechanisms, combination of different pretreatment technologies, the addition of external chemical agents, advantages, and disadvantages. It also discussed the ethanol productions from biomass in details without disturbing the process integrity.