bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association study between basis weight distribution of melt-blown web and air velocity distribution on the collector
Authors: Sun Guangwu , Liu Ruoling , Shang Shanshan , Xin Sanfa , Wang Xinhou , Gao Weihong , Hu Wenfeng
Published: November 2019

Basis weight distribution of melt-blown fibrous web is attracting considerable interest because it directly affects the application performance of nonwovens. Basis weight distribution is strongly determined by the air velocity distribution on the top surface of the collector. However, how the mentioned air velocity distribution affects basis weight distribution is still unknown. Measurement of the mentioned two distributions is the first step to investigate the influence mechanism. Thus, this work measures air velocity distribution on the collector under different processing conditions. Then the fibrous web is fabricated under same conditions. After fabrication, the basis weight distribution of fibrous web is analyzed by using image analysis method. The effects of processing conditions, including velocity of air jet and suction, die-to-collector distance, and pore size of the collector, on the air velocity distribution and basis weight distribution are quantitatively analyzed. The results demonstrate that higher suction speed and air jet velocity, smaller die-to-collector distance, and larger pores of the collector result in higher air velocity on the top surface of the collector. On the other hand, higher suction speed and air jet velocity, larger die-to-collector distance, and smaller pores of the collector create evenly distributed basis weight. In addition, the correlation between basis weight distribution and air velocity distribution is discussed based on the Spearman correlation analysis method. High correlation demonstrates that air velocity and basis weight display similar distribution on the collector. Namely, both of air velocity and basis weight in the central zone are larger than those in the fringe zone on the collector.
A Walk in the Park: A Virtual Workshop Exploring Intertextuality and Implicit Powers Within Texts
Authors: Norris Joe
Published: November 2019

Focusing on a variety of possible presentational styles of a personal poem, this article explores the problematics of the interplay of the medium and the message. It brings in the theoretical concepts of intertextuality (how previous knowledge impacts one’s reading), media(tion) (how the choice of dissemination through printed texts, spoken texts, images, or combination of these changes the content’s meaning), presence (how readers and/or audience members are situated ontologically and axiology, depending on whether the presentations are recorded or live), the degree of specificity (how detailed information influences interpretative stances), sequencing (how to provide alternatives to the canon of traditional, linear, expository writing), contexture (how the presence of images, gestures, and sounds provides textures to the context examined) and arts-based dissemination (moving beyond flat, black and white printed texts through weblinks). Structured as a virtual workshop based on ones that I have presented, it provides writers and readers with a range of possible choices of how to engage with/in poetic inquiry.
Via Mediation
Authors: Gloviczki Peter Joseph
Published: November 2019

In this autoethnographic postcard, I recall the impact of mediation on early formation of my lifeworld. I hope this article encourages others to consider how personal memory engages growth and development within and beyond everyday life.
Gaming on Romance
Authors: Tomlinson Christine
Published: November 2019

The intricacies of romantic relationships in popular video games.
We are Here Because You Were There!
Authors: Beaman Jean
Published: November 2019

Jean Beaman on 20 Questions and Answers on Black Europe.
Race in Appalachia
Authors: Grundy Saida
Published: November 2019

Saida Grundy on Gone Home: Race and Roots Through Appalachia.
Twenty Years in a Culture of Fear
Authors: Harrison Daniel M.
Published: November 2019

Daniel M. Harrison on The Culture of Fear: Why Americans are Afraid of the Wrong Things.
The Vitality of Students for Public Sociology
Authors: Greenberg Miriam , London Rebecca , McKay Steve
Published: November 2019

The vitality of students for public sociology.
Technologies of Racial Capital
Authors: Hunter Margaret
Published: November 2019

How filters on social media play into a Eurocentric definition of beauty.
APDS: A framework for discovering movement pattern from trajectory database
Authors: Yuan Guan , Wang Zhongqiu , Wang Zhixiao , Zhang Fukai , Yuan Li , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2019

Currently, the boosting of location acquisition devices makes it possible to track all kinds of moving objects, and collect and store their trajectories in database. Therefore, how to find knowledge from huge amount of trajectory data has become an attractive topic. Movement pattern is an efficient way to understand moving objects’ behavior and analyze their habits. To promote the application of spatiotemporal data mining, a moving object activity pattern discovery system is designed and implemented in this article. First of all, raw trajectory data are preprocessed using methods like data clean, data interpolation, and compression. Second, a simplified density-based trajectory clustering algorithm is implemented to find and group similar movement patterns. Third, in order to discover the trends and periodicity of movement pattern, a trajectory periodic pattern mining algorithm is developed. Finally, comprehensive experiments with different parameters are conducted to validate the pattern discovery system. The experimental results show that the system is robust and efficient to analyze moving object trajectory data and discover useful patterns.
Leadership Challenges During a Period of Change: Unpacking a District’s Efforts to Diversify Its Teacher Workforce
Authors: Grillo Lisa Maria , Barreau Pascal P.
Published: November 2019

A superintendent initiates an equity focus in a small school district and experiences resistance from both school board members and principals. As the school district diversifies its teaching workforce, the superintendent and principals face myriad unexpected challenges, resulting in teachers of color resigning at three times the rate of White teachers. This case study (a) is designed for students in both school- and district-level preparation programs, (b) directly connects to National Educational Leadership Preparation (NELP) standards, and (c) encourages students to consider the multifaceted leadership challenges involved in talent management and large-scale change through several lenses.
Biosimilars for breast cancer: a review of HER2-targeted antibodies in the United States
Authors: Miller Emily M. , Schwartzberg Lee S.
Published: November 2019

The utilization of trastuzumab biosimilar medications is of particular interest in HER2-positive breast cancer as these drugs have the potential for cost savings and increased utilization/access to HER2 targeted therapy in both early stage and metastatic HER2-positive breast cancers. Five trastuzumab biosimilars: MYL-1401O (Ogivri), CT-P6 (Herzuma), SB3 (Ontruzant), PF-05280014 (Trazimera), and ABP980 (Kanjinti), have now been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in HER2-positive breast cancers. This review provides an overview of these agents with special consideration of the development and approval process, including available clinical data results for these trastuzumab biosimilars. Adoption in the clinic will depend on the degree of comfort with the overall evidence.
Mitigating the Shadow of the Worldwide Opioid Crisis: A Review for the Foot and Ankle Specialist
Authors: Smith Robert G.
Published: November 2019

The foot and ankle physician is no stranger to the difficulties in achieving optimal pain therapy. There remains much confusion and conflicting information available to nonspecialist prescribers regarding opioid therapy as well as great deal of fear or opiophobia during the prescribing and monitoring of opioids worldwide. The role of the lower extremity specialist provider is to responsibly provide pain management to their patients in an error-free environment. The purpose of this article is to explore the central theme of responsible opioid pain management worldwide. This review focuses on the prescribing strategies of opioid analgesics to treat lower-extremity pain. Pharmacology of opioid agents and opioid prescribing strategies will be presented. Then, the concept of multimodal pain relief criteria for selecting appropriate opioid analgesics and use of adjunctive therapies to prevent opioid misuse as presented in the current medical literature is reported. Finally, a commentary and discussion centered on the actions of pharmaceutical companies of promoting their opioid products and the negative outcomes of their actions in the United States that may go worldwide if behaviors of these companies are not recognized by the foot and ankle specialist.
The Quality, Quantity, and Intraindividual Variability of Sleep Among Students and Student-Athletes
Authors: Leduc Cédric , Tee Jason , Weakley Jonathon , Ramirez Carlos , Jones Ben
Published: November 2019

Background:

Student-athletes are subject to significant demands due to their concurrent sporting and academic commitments, which may affect their sleep. This study aimed to compare the self-reported sleep quality, quantity, and intraindividual variability (IIV) of students and student-athletes through an online survey.

Hypothesis:

Student-athletes will have a poorer sleep quality and quantity and experience more IIV.

Study Design:

Case-control study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Methods:

Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while sleep quantity and IIV were assessed using the Consensus Sleep Diary. Initially, the PSQI and additional questions regarding sport participation habits were completed by 138 participants (65 students, 73 student-athletes). From within this sample, 44 participants were recruited to complete the sleep diary for a period of 14 days.

Results:

The mean PSQI score was 6.89 ± 3.03, with 65% of the sample identified as poor sleepers, but no difference was observed between students and student-athletes. Analysis of sleep patterns showed only possibly to likely small differences in sleep schedule, sleep onset latency, and subjective sleep quality between groups. IIV analysis showed likely moderate to possibly small differences between groups, suggesting more variable sleep patterns among student-athletes.

Conclusion:

This study highlights that sleep issues are prevalent within the university student population and that student-athletes may be at greater risk due to more variable sleep patterns.

Clinical Relevance:

University coaches should consider these results to optimize sleep habits of their student-athletes.
Theories in Futures Studies: Examining the Theory Base of the Futures Field in Light of Survey Results
Authors: Minkkinen Matti
Published: November 2019

This review article opens discussion on theories in futures studies by analyzing survey results from Finland Futures Research Centre and using the results as an entry point to discussing theoretical lineages found in the literature. The survey, conducted in 2019, included twenty-four responses from researchers and postgraduate students. Altogether 192 different theories or theoretical frameworks were identified. Social science theories and conceptual frameworks were particularly prevalent in the responses, and the most common recurring themes included systems, complexity, and anticipation. The responses are discussed in terms of three levels: philosophy of science, theories of futures studies, and theories in futures studies. Theories in futures studies are further divided into theories of action, practices, and behavior; theories of change; and theories on the micro-, meso-, and macro levels. The results are contextualized and complemented by proposing five functionally differentiated theoretical approaches: (1) theories for forecasting, (2) theories for representing futures, (3) theories for pursuing desired futures, (4) theories for making sense of anticipatory processes, and (5) radical epistemological critiques. The analysis is intended to open discussion on theories rather than provide an exhaustive list of the most important theories. Nevertheless, we can conclude that the field has a rich theory base which could be emphasized in futures education and developed further. It is crucial that actors in the futures field are aware of the theories that guide them because influential theories take part in making the future.
The Relationship Between Proteoglycan Loss, Overloading-Induced Collagen Damage, and Cyclic Loading in Articular Cartilage
Authors: Henao-Murillo Lorenza , Pastrama Maria-Ioana , Ito Keita , van Donkelaar Corrinus C.
Published: November 2019

Objective

The interaction between proteoglycan loss and collagen damage in articular cartilage and the effect of mechanical loading on this interaction remain unknown. The aim of this study was to answer the following questions: (1) Is proteoglycan loss dependent on the amount of collagen damage and does it depend on whether this collagen damage is superficial or internal? (2) Does repeated loading further increase the already enhanced proteoglycan loss in cartilage with collagen damage?

Design

Fifty-six bovine osteochondral plugs were equilibrated in phosphate-buffered saline for 24 hours, mechanically tested in compression for 8 hours, and kept in phosphate-buffered saline for another 48 hours. The mechanical tests included an overloading step to induce collagen damage, creep steps to determine tissue stiffness, and cyclic loading to induce convection. Proteoglycan release was measured before and after mechanical loading, as well as 48 hours post-loading. Collagen damage was scored histologically.

Results

Histology revealed different collagen damage grades after the application of mechanical overloading. After 48 hours in phosphate-buffered saline postloading, proteoglycan loss increased linearly with the amount of total collagen damage and was dependent on the presence but not the amount of internal collagen damage. In samples without collagen damage, repeated loading also resulted in increased proteoglycan loss. However, repeated loading did not further enhance the proteoglycan loss induced by damaged collagen.

Conclusion

Proteoglycan loss is enhanced by collagen damage and it depends on the presence of internal collagen damage. Cyclic loading stimulates proteoglycan loss in healthy cartilage but does not lead to additional loss in cartilage with damaged collagen.
Stem-cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: how far have we come?
Authors: Soekojo Cinnie Y. , Kumar Shaji K.
Published: November 2019

High-dose therapy (HDT) and autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) has historically been an essential part of multiple myeloma (MM) management since early studies demonstrated its efficacy in relapsed disease, and subsequent phase III trials demonstrated better responses and improved survival with this modality compared with standard chemotherapy. With further advances in the MM treatment landscape, including the development of potent novel agents, there has been an increasing debate around various aspects of ASCT, including the optimal timing, role of single versus tandem ASCT, and the practice of consolidation and maintenance therapy post-ASCT. Routine incorporation of the novel agents at each of the treatment phases, induction, consolidation when used, and maintenance has led to better responses as reflected by increasing rates of minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity, longer progression-free survival (PFS) with improvement in overall survival (OS) and in some of the trials. The phase III trials over the last decade have provided significant clarity on the current approach, and have raised important questions regarding the applicability of this modality in all patients. This review aims to summarize the latest literature in the field and discusses how these findings impact the practice of ASCT today.
Teachers’ classroom practices for citizenship education: Experiences of teachers rated as outstanding
Authors: Zúñiga Carmen Gloria , Cárdenas Priscila , Martínez Rosendo , Valledor Laura
Published: November 2019

The objective of this research is to characterise classroom teaching practices that promote citizenship education by history teachers who were rated as outstanding (maximum) in the Chilean Teacher Evaluation System. Following an interpretive approach and using methods of data collection and analysis from grounded theory, the recordings of 45 teachers’ classes, equivalent to 30 chronological hours, were analysed. Results indicate that although practices favouring citizenship education cannot be classified all the same way, common elements can be observed that promote learning in this field. These were classified into two main levels: a permanent one that manifested in a similar manner among the observed teachers (willingness to educate citizens, generation of an open classroom environment, and monitoring learning through classroom interaction) and a variable one that presented different features among participants (inclusion of citizenship topics and implementation of multiple learning activities). These results aim to disseminate with concrete examples what is being done well in real educational contexts so that actors in different schools, universities and academic systems can incorporate it into their professional work and promote it within their area of action.
The diagnostic work‐up and outcomes of ‘presumed’ idiopathic acute pancreatitis: A post‐hoc analysis of a multicentre observational cohort
Authors: Hallensleben Nora D , Umans Devica S , Bouwense Stefan AW , Verdonk Robert C , Romkens Tessa EH , Witteman Ben J , Schwartz Matthijs P , Spanier Marcel B , Laheij Robert , van Santvoort Hjalmar C , Besselink Marc G , van Hooft Jeanin E , Bruno Marco J ,   for the Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group
Published: November 2019

Introduction

After standard diagnostic work‐up, the aetiology of acute pancreatitis remains unknown in 16–27% of cases, a condition referred to as idiopathic acute pancreatitis (IAP). Determining the aetiology of pancreatitis is essential, as it may direct treatment in the acute phase and guides interventions to prevent recurrent pancreatitis.

Methods

Between 2008 and 2015, patients with acute pancreatitis were registered prospectively in 19 Dutch hospitals. Patients who had a negative initial diagnostic work‐up with regard to the underlying aetiology of their pancreatitis were labelled ‘presumed’ IAP. The aim of this study was to assess the use of diagnostic modalities and their yield to establish an aetiology in ‘presumed’ IAP, and to assess recurrence rates both with and without treatment.

Results

Out of the 1632 registered patients, 191 patients had a first episode of ‘presumed’ IAP, of whom 176 (92%) underwent additional diagnostic testing: CT (n  = 124, diagnostic yield 8%), EUS (n  = 62, yield 35%), MRI/MRCP (n  = 56, yield 33%), repeat ultrasound (n  = 97, yield 21%), IgG4 (n = 54, yield 9%) and ERCP (n  = 15, yield 47%). In 64 of 176 patients (36%) an aetiological diagnosis was established, mostly biliary (n  = 39). In 13 out of 176 of patients (7%) a neoplasm was diagnosed. If additional diagnostic workup revealed an aetiology, the recurrence rate was lower in the treated patients than in the patients without a definite aetiology (15% versus 43%, p  = 0.014).

Conclusion

Additional diagnostic testing revealed an aetiology in one‐third of ‘presumed’ IAP patients. The aetiology found was mostly biliary, but occasionally neoplasms were found. Identification of an aetiology with subsequent treatment reduced the rate of recurrence.
Gut microbiota composition during a 12-week intervention with delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis – a pilot trial
Authors: Storm-Larsen C , Myhr K-M , Farbu E , Midgard R , Nyquist K , Broch L , Berg-Hansen P , Buness A , Holm K , Ueland T , Fallang L-E , Burum-Auensen E , Hov JR , Holmøy T
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Patients with multiple sclerosis may have a distinct gut microbiota profile. Delayed-release dimethyl fumarate is an orally administered drug for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis, which has been associated with gastrointestinal side-effects in some patients.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine if dimethyl fumarate alters the abundance and diversity of commensal gut bacteria, and if these changes are associated with gastrointestinal side-effects.

Methods

Thirty-six patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis received either dimethyl fumarate ( n = 27) or an injectable multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapy (glatiramer acetate or interferons, n = 9) for 12 weeks. Stool samples were collected at baseline, two and 12 weeks. We included 165 healthy individuals as controls.

Results

At baseline, 16 microbial genera were altered in multiple sclerosis patients compared with healthy controls. In the dimethyl fumarate-treated patients ( n = 21) we observed a trend of reduced Actinobacteria ( p = 0.03, QFDR = 0.24) at two weeks, mainly driven by Bifidobacterium ( p = 0.06, QFDR = 0.69). At 12 weeks, we observed an increased abundance of Firmicutes ( p = 0.02, QFDR = 0.09), mostly driven by Faecalibacterium ( p = 0.01, QFDR = 0.48).

Conclusions

This pilot study did not detect a major effect of dimethyl fumarate on the gut microbiota composition, but we observed a trend towards normalization of the low abundance of butyrate-producing Faecalibacterium after 12 weeks treatment. The study was underpowered to link microbiota to gastrointestinal symptoms.
Implementing the SDLMI With Students With Significant Support Needs During Transition Planning
Authors: Burke Kathryn M. , Shogren Karrie A. , Antosh A. Anthony , LaPlante Terri , Masterson Laurie H.
Published: November 2019

Self-determination, defined by acting as the causal agent in one’s life, plays a critical role in the transition from high school to postsecondary education, employment, and community living for all students, including students with significant support needs. The Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction (SDLMI) is a teaching model designed to enable teachers to promote self-determined action by focusing on the goal setting and attainment process. In this article, we focus specifically on the implementation of the SDLMI with students with significant support needs, including those who have complex communication needs. We describe the SDLMI process in detail with specific examples for implementation with students with significant support needs based on several recent research studies.
Candidates for Percutaneous Screw Fixation Without Fusion in Thoracolumbar Fractures: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Alkosha Hazem M. , Omar Sherif A. , Albayar Ahmed , Awad Basem I.
Published: November 2019

Study Design:

Retrospective matched cohort study.

Objectives:

Identifying candidates for isolated percutaneous screw fixation (PSF) in thoracolumbar fractures based on Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity (TLICS) score.

Methods:

Patients underwent PSF were split into 3 TLICS-score categories, then matched with groups having similar scores managed either non-operatively or via open screw fixation (OSF). Each category was assessed for corrective power and loss of correction by comparing initial and 1-year Cobb angles as well as Oswestry Disability Index and rates of fracture healing at 1 year.

Results:

A total of 102 patients (40 females) with age range 19 to 51 years, were admitted 1 to 25 hours following trauma. Each of TLISC categories consisted of matched treatment groups for comparison. In TLICS-3 fractures (2 treatment groups, n = 12 each), PSF showed similar outcomes but longer time to ambulation and length of stay (LOS) compared with nonoperative management. In TLICS-4 fractures (3 treatment groups, n = 18 each), PSF showed comparable corrective power and outcomes as OSF but was better in terms of operative time, blood loss, time to ambulation, LOS, and cosmesis. Despite higher LOS when compared with nonoperative cases, PSF showed superior radiologic and functional outcomes. In TLICS-5 fractures (2 treatment groups, n = 12 each), PSF showed shorter admissions and time to ambulation but lower corrective power, functional recovery, and tendency to lower healing rates.

Conclusions:

Isolated PSF is a valid choice in managing TLICS-4 thoracolumbar fractures; however, it did not surpass conventional methods in TLICS-3 or TLICS-5 fracture types. Further studies are needed before the generalization of findings.
Comparison of olecranon fixation techniques following transolecranon approach in intra-articular fractures of distal humerus in adult patients
Authors: Ocalan Halil Ibrahim , Karakus Ozgun , Karakurum Gunhan
Published: November 2019

Background:

In this study, we assessed functional outcomes among olecranon fixation techniques used following transolecranon approach in patients with comminuted fracture of distal humerus.

Methods:

The study included 37 elbows that underwent olecranon osteotomy due to distal humerus fracture. Functional outcomes were assessed among patients who underwent fixation via tension band technique, plate, or screw fixation.

Results:

The implant irritation was seen in 18% of patients who underwent K-wire plus tension band fixation, in 75% of patients who underwent olecranon plate plus screw fixation, and in 18% of patients who underwent cancellous screw fixation. The rate for implant removal was 2.6 folds lower in K-wire plus tension band fixation when compared to olecranon plate plus screw fixation.

Conclusion:

We concluded that K-wire plus tension band technique and cancellous screw fixation performed in accordance with technical principles caused less skin problem when compared to other techniques. In olecranon fixation, both methods with enhanced stability by tension band can be preferred.
The Path to the Rule of Law—An Overall Review of Legal Reform, Crime and the Judicial System During the Transition Era in China
Authors: Qi Ziwei
Published: November 2019

In order to understand crime and the legal system in the People’s Republic of China (P.R.C.), it is necessary to understand the components of a crime and the structure of the judicial system in the P.R.C. By examining the elements of crime from the written criminal code and by analysing the structure of the judicial system, we will find some procedural and substantive challenges to appeal, which might contradict the philosophy of unbiased judicial principles. The article also explores possible social and political forces that might affect the direction of legal reform in China. The author aims to provide the readers with a basic overview of the judicial system in China and the social forces behind the current legal reform towards the rule of law.
Blast phenotype and comutations in acute myeloid leukemia with mutated NPM1 influence disease biology and outcome
Authors: Mason Emily F. , Hasserjian Robert P. , Aggarwal Nidhi , Seegmiller Adam C. , Pozdnyakova Olga
Published: November 2019

Key Points

Blast phenotype is an independent predictor of outcome in NPM1-mutated AML. Patients with a DN blast phenotype (lacking CD34 and HLA-DR expression) harbor TET2/IDH mutations and show superior outcomes.
Human CD8+ Tregs expressing a MHC-specific CAR display enhanced suppression of human skin rejection and GVHD in NSG mice
Authors: Bézie Séverine , Charreau Béatrice , Vimond Nadège , Lasselin Juliette , Gérard Nathalie , Nerrière-Daguin Véronique , Bellier-Waast Frédérique , Duteille Franck , Anegon Ignacio , Guillonneau Carole
Published: November 2019

Key Points

First description of the relevance of the CAR engineering approach to develop CAR-CD8+ Tregs for clinical trials in transplantation. A2-CAR CD8+ Treg interactions with HLA-A*02+ ECs induce a noncytotoxic fine-tuned and protolerogenic activation of ECs.
Circulating tumor cells: a valuable marker of poor prognosis for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Ou Guoping , Xing Shan , Li Jianpei , Zhang Lin , Chen Shulin
Published: November 2019

Purpose

To evaluate the prognostic value of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods

Cox’s proportional hazards regression models were used to identify whether CTCs was a poor prognostic factor for NPC. Chi-square tests were used to analyze and compare the distribution characteristics of CTCs in NPC. ROC curve was used to estimate the cut-off point of CTCs. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to observe the prognostic value of CTCs alone and in combined with Epstein-Barr Virus DNA (EBV-DNA).

Results

CTCs was confirmed to be an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of NPC by Cox’s regression models that enrolled 370 NPC cases and took age, gender, EBV-DNA and CTCs as variables. The proportion of CTCs in stage IV NPC was statistically different from that in stage III; the cut-off point of CTCs between stage IV (288 cases) and stage III (70 cases) NPC estimated by ROC curve was 0.5. The prognosis of advanced NPC patients became worse with the increase of CTCs count. The combined detection of CTCs and EBV-DNA could better predict the prognosis of NPC compared with the single detection of EBV-DNA.
Oxidative-antioxidative status and hepatic and renal factors following melatonin administration in castrated and intact dogs
Authors: Mogheiseh Asghar , Koohi Farzaneh , Nazifi Saeed , Shojaee Tabrizi Aidin , Taheri Pegah , Salavati Sina
Published: November 2019

Backgrounds

Melatonin has significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects in normal and oxidative stress conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of melatonin on antioxidant, hepatic, and renal factors in intact and castrated dogs. Twenty male mixed-breed adult dogs were aligned in an experimental randomized and controlled trial. The dogs were randomly divided into four equal groups: melatonin, castrated, castrated and melatonin, and control. They were treated with melatonin (0.3 mg/Kg, once daily, orally) immediately after the castration for 1 month and their blood samples were collected weekly from 2 days after treatment with melatonin.

Results

Treating castrated dogs with melatonin increased the level of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase compared with that of the control and castrated groups. The malondialdehyde level increased significantly following castration. Melatonin treatment decreased malondialdehyde concentration in the castrated dogs. Castration increased the level of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase significantly in comparison with that of the control group. Treating the castrated dogs with melatonin decreased significantly liver enzymes compared with those of the castrated dogs. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels increased in the castrated dogs in comparison with that of the control group.

Conclusions

The administration of melatonin in castrated dogs increased antioxidant activity and decreased oxidation products, compared with those of the castrated and untreated dogs, without adverse effects on liver enzymes and kidney function.
Maize transposable elements contribute to long non-coding RNAs that are regulatory hubs for abiotic stress response
Authors: Lv Yuanda , Hu Fengqin , Zhou Yongfeng , Wu Feilong , Gaut Brandon S.
Published: November 2019

Background

Several studies have mined short-read RNA sequencing datasets to identify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and others have focused on the function of individual lncRNAs in abiotic stress response. However, our understanding of the complement, function and origin of lncRNAs – and especially transposon derived lncRNAs (TE-lncRNAs) - in response to abiotic stress is still in its infancy.

Results

We utilized a dataset of 127 RNA sequencing samples that included total RNA datasets and PacBio fl-cDNA data to discover lncRNAs in maize. Overall, we identified 23,309 candidate lncRNAs from polyA+ and total RNA samples, with a strong discovery bias within total RNA. The majority (65%) of the 23,309 lncRNAs had sequence similarity to transposable elements (TEs). Most had similarity to long-terminal-repeat retrotransposons from theCopiaandGypsysuperfamilies, reflecting a high proportion of these elements in the genome. However, DNA transposons were enriched for lncRNAs relative to their genomic representation by ~ 2-fold. By assessing the fraction of lncRNAs that respond to abiotic stresses like heat, cold, salt and drought, we identified 1077 differentially expressed lncRNA transcripts, including 509 TE-lncRNAs. In general, the expression of these lncRNAs was significantly correlated with their nearest gene. By inferring co-expression networks across our large dataset, we found that 39 lncRNAs are as major hubs in co-expression networks that respond to abiotic stress, and 18 appear to be derived from TEs.

Conclusions

Our results show that lncRNAs are enriched in total RNA samples, that most (65%) are derived from TEs, that at least 1077 are differentially expressed during abiotic stress, and that 39 are hubs in co-expression networks, including a small number that are evolutionary conserved. These results suggest that lncRNAs, including TE-lncRNAs, may play key regulatory roles in moderating abiotic responses.
The role of fluconazole in the regulation of fatty acid and unsaponifiable matter biosynthesis in Schizochytrium sp. MYA 1381
Authors: Li Jun , Zhou Hao , Pan Xueshan , Li Zhipeng , Lu Yinghua , He Ning , Meng Tong , Yao Chuanyi , Chen Cuixue , Ling Xueping
Published: November 2019

Background

Schizochytriumhas been widely used in industry for synthesizing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, unclear biosynthesis pathway of PUFAs inhibits further production of theSchizochytrium. Unsaponifiable matter (UM) from mevalonate pathway is crucial to cell growth and intracellular metabolism in all higher eukaryotes and microalgae. Therefore, regulation of UM biosynthesis inSchizochytriummay have important effects on fatty acids synthesis. Moreover, it is well known that UMs, such as squalene and β-carotene, are of great commercial value. Thus, regulating UM biosynthesis may also allow for an increased valuation ofSchizochytrium.

Results

To investigate the correlation of UM biosynthesis with fatty acids accumulation inSchizochytrium,fluconazole was used to block the sterols pathway. The addition of 60 mg/L fluconazole at 48 h increased the total lipids (TLs) at 96 h by 16% without affecting cell growth, which was accompanied by remarkable changes in UMs and NADPH. Cholesterol content was reduced by 8%, and the squalene content improved by 45% at 72 h, which demonstrated fluconazole’s role in inhibiting squalene flow to cholesterol. As another typical UM with antioxidant capacity, the β-carotene production was increased by 53% at 96 h. The increase of squalene and β-carotene could boost intracellular oxidation resistance to protect fatty acids from oxidation. The NADPH was found to be 33% higher than that of the control at 96 h, which meant that the cells had more reducing power for fatty acid synthesis. Metabolic analysis further confirmed that regulation of sterols was closely related to glucose absorption, pigment biosynthesis and fatty acid production inSchizochytrium.

Conclusion

This work first reported the effect of UM biosynthesis on fatty acid accumulation inSchizochytrium.The UM was found to affect fatty acid biosynthesis by changing cell membrane function, intracellular antioxidation and reducing power. We believe that this work provides valuable insights in improving PUFA and other valuable matters in microalgae.
Gadoxetate-enhanced dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for evaluation of liver function and liver fibrosis in preclinical trials
Authors: Huh Jimi , Ham Su Jung , Cho Young Chul , Park Bumwoo , Kim Bohyun , Woo Chul-Woong , Choi Yoonseok , Woo Dong-Cheol , Kim Kyung Won
Published: November 2019

Background

To facilitate translational drug development for liver fibrosis, preclinical trials need to be run in parallel with clinical research. Liver function estimation by gadoxetate-enhanced dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is being established in clinical research, but still rarely used in preclinical trials. We aimed to evaluate feasibility of DCE-MRI indices as translatable biomarkers in a liver fibrosis animal model.

Methods

Liver fibrosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by thioacetamide (200 mg, 150 mg, and saline for the high-dose, low-dose, and control groups, respectively). Subsequently, DCE-MRI was performed to measure: relative liver enhancement at 3-min (RLE-3), RLE-15, initial area-under-the-curve until 3-min (iAUC-3), iAUC-15, and maximum-enhancement (Emax). The correlation coefficients between these MRI indices and the histologic collagen area, indocyanine green retention at 15-min (ICG-R15), and shear wave elastography (SWE) were calculated. Diagnostic performance to diagnose liver fibrosis was also evaluated by receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results

Animal model was successful in that the collagen area of the liver was the largest in the high-dose group, followed by the low-dose group and control group. The correlation between the DCE-MRI indices and collagen area was high for iAUC-15, Emax, iAUC-3, and RLE-3 but moderate for RLE-15 (r, − 0.81, − 0.81, − 0.78, − 0.80, and − 0.51, respectively). The DCE-MRI indices showed moderate correlation with ICG-R15: the highest for iAUC-15, followed by iAUC-3, RLE-3, Emax, and RLE-15 (r, − 0.65, − 0.63, − 0.62, − 0.58, and − 0.56, respectively). The correlation coefficients between DCE-MRI indices and SWE ranged from − 0.59 to − 0.28. The diagnostic accuracy of RLE-3, iAUC-3, iAUC-15, and Emax was 100% (AUROC 1.000), whereas those of RLE-15 and SWE were relatively low (AUROC 0.777, 0.848, respectively).

Conclusion

Among the gadoxetate-enhanced DCE-MRI indices, iAUC-15 and iAUC-3 might be bidirectional translatable biomarkers between preclinical and clinical research for evaluating histopathologic liver fibrosis and physiologic liver functions in a non-invasive manner.
Analysis of risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a study of 268 patients
Authors: Gu Jian-hua , Zhao Yan-na , Xie Rong-li , Xu Wen-juan , You Da-li , Zhao Zhi-feng , Wang Fei , Fei Jian
Published: November 2019

Background

To investigate the risk factors of cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) patients.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathologic data of all patients who received standard lobectomy for PTMC at our institution between October 2017 and January 2019. Central LNs were dissected in all patients. Lateral LNs were dissected if metastasis to the lateral LNs was suggested based on pre-op fine-needle aspiration biopsy. The relationship between variables available prior to surgery and cervical LN metastasis was examined using multivariate regression.

Results

Post-op pathologic examination revealed cervical LN metastasis in 79 (29.5%) patients. Seventy subjects had metastasis only to central LNs, and 4 (1.5%) patients had metastasis only to lateral LNs. Five patients had metastasis to both central and lateral LNs. In comparison to patients without cervical LN metastasis, those with LN metastasis were significantly younger (40.63 ± 13.07 vs. 44.52 ± 12.23 years; P = 0.021) and had significantly larger tumor diameter on pathology (6.7 ± 2.2 vs. 5.9 ± 2.4 mm; P = 0.010). Multivariate regression analysis identified the following independent risks for cervical LN metastasis: male sex (OR 2.362, 95%CI 1.261~4.425; P = 0.007), age (OR 0.977, 95%CI 0.956~0.999; P = 0.042) and ultrasound tumor diameter at > 5 mm (OR 3.172, 95%CI 1.389~7.240; P = 0.006).

Conclusion

Cervical LN metastasis occurs in a non-insignificant proportion of PTMC patients. Independent risks included male sex, younger age and larger tumor diameter on ultrasound.
Do clerkship schemes effectively improve pharmacy students’ understanding of and attitudes regarding pharmaceutical care?——a pre-post study in China Pharmaceutical University
Authors: Huang Yuankai , Yao Dongning , Zhang Weiwei , Wang Yitao , Yao Wenbing
Published: November 2019

Background

Clerkship is potentially an effective measure of improving the pharmacy students’ understanding of and attitudes toward pharmaceutical care. This research aimed to validate whether clerkship schemes in China effectively improve pharmacy students’ understanding of and attitudes toward PC, and discuss on how to improve the clerkship schemes for better quality.

Methods

A pre-post and self-administrated questionnaire survey among three continuous years of students was conducted to measure Chinese fifth-year clinical pharmacy students’ differences in understanding of pharmaceutical care and attitudes toward pharmaceutical care before and after their clerkship schemes. Statistical analysis was conducted on the retrieved data.

Results

602 respondents completed the post-part survey (drop rate = 1.8%). Correct rates of all statements regarding students’ understanding of pharmaceutical care were generally increased, but the rates of respondents holding correct understanding of the primary goal of pharmaceutical care (71.9 to 85.0%), the necessity of drug information support in pharmaceutical care (77.1 to 87.5%) and the patients’ role and duty when receiving pharmaceutical care (66.1 to 70.6%) were unsatisfactory before the clerkship and the improvement was not significant. Most statements regarding students’ attitudes toward pharmaceutical care were improved in general. However, rates of respondents holding negative attitudes toward students performing pharmaceutical care during their clerkship (3.7 to 7.5%) and choosing pharmaceutical care provider as their career after clerkship schemes (10.8 to 14.8%) had increased after the clerkship schemes.

Conclusion

Clerkship generally improves clinical pharmacy students’ understanding of and attitudes toward pharmaceutical care, yet adjustments are also required in some contents of the clerkship for further improvements in its outcomes.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in free-range yaks (Bos grunniens) in Gansu Province, Northwest China
Authors: Qin Si-Yuan , Yin Ming-Yang , Song Guang-Yao , Tan Qi-Dong , Wang Jin-Lei , Zhou Dong-Hui
Published: November 2019

Background

Little information about the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in yaks (Bos grunniens) in northwest China is available. Therefore, the objective of the study was to quantify faecal egg counts of gastrointestinal parasites (helminths and coccidia) in free-range yaks from Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, Northwest China.

Results

Parasites were detected in 290 of 733 (39.56%) faecal samples. The results showed that Strongylidae, Trichuris spp. and Eimeria spp. were detected all year round, Strongyloides papillosus was detected in autumn and summer, and Nematodirus spp. was detected in both autumn and spring. In contrast, Fasciola spp. was only detected in spring. The prevalence rates of parasitic infections in different seasons were significantly different.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of gastrointestinal parasites in yaks (Bos grunniens) in Gansu, China. The results demonstrated a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections, specifically GN infections, in yaks in GTAP and these infections can cause economic losses to the local cattle industry.
The biomarkers suPAR and blood eosinophils are associated with hospital readmissions and mortality in asthma – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Håkansson K. E. J. , Rasmussen Line J. H. , Godtfredsen Nina S. , Tupper Oliver D. , Eugen-Olsen Jesper , Kallemose Thomas , Andersen Ove , Ulrik Charlotte Suppli
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Prognostic biomarkers in asthma are needed. The biomarker soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has been associated with asthma control and with prognosis in acutely admitted medical patients. We investigated if suPAR and blood eosinophil counts at the time of admission for asthma are associated with readmission and mortality.

Methods

Our cohort comprised 1341 patients (median age 45.3, IQR 30.1–63.1) acutely admitted with a diagnosis of asthma to Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark (November 2013 to March 2017). Patients had suPAR and blood eosinophils measured at admission. Outcomes were 365-day readmission and all-cause mortality. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, C-reactive protein, and Charlson comorbidity score was used to assess the association of the two biomarkers with readmission and all-cause mortality.

Results

Compared to event-free patients, patients who were either readmitted (n = 452, 42.3%) or died (n = 57, 5.3%) had significantly higher suPAR concentrations (p < 0.0001) and lower eosinophil counts (p = 0.0031) at admission. The highest odds of readmission or mortality were observed for patients in either the 4th suPAR quartile (p < 0.0001) or with eosinophil counts < 150 cells/μL at admission. Increasing levels of suPAR were associated with 365-day readmission (OR 1.3 [1.0–1.6];p = 0.05) and mortality (OR 2.9 [1.7–5.1];p = 0.0002). Eosinophil count > 300 cells/μL was significantly associated with lower odds of readmission (OR 0.64 [0.5–0.9];p = 0.005) and lower mortality (OR 0.7 [0.6–0.9];p = 0.0007).

Conclusions

In patients acutely admitted with asthma, elevated suPAR concentrations together with blood eosinophil count < 150 cells/μL at the time of hospital admission were associated with both 365-day all-cause readmission and mortality.