bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and ventilation‐associated outcomes after pediatric tracheostomy
Authors: Chorney Stephen R. , Beams Dylan R. , Nadar Arushii , Afolabi Folashade , Gelfand Andrew , Brooks Rebecca , Kou Yann‐Fuu , Johnson Romaine F.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

The objective of this study is to determine the time to ventilator liberation and decannulation after tracheostomy placement in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and pulmonary hypertension.

Methods

A prospective cohort study included all children (<18 years old) who underwent tracheostomy between 2015 and 2021 with or without a diagnosis of BPD. The primary outcomes were time to ventilator liberation, tracheostomy decannulation, or death with tracheostomy in place.

Results

A total of 303 children met inclusion with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age at tracheostomy of 6.9 (IQR: 4.0–49.5) months. A diagnosis of BPD was made for 42% (N = 127) and this group was younger (5.1 vs. 24.5 months, p < .001) and more often had pulmonary hypertension (68% vs. 24%, p < .001). Children with BPD spent a median of 2.9 years (IQR: 1.6–4.0) on ventilation compared to 1.9 years (IQR: 0.9–3.7) for children without BPD (p = .009). The time to decannulation was greater among children with BPD (3.4 vs. 1.8 years, p < .001). However, unadjusted estimates of ventilator liberation (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.05, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.77–1.44) and decannulation (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.74–1.66) over time were not prolonged by BPD. Pulmonary hypertension was associated with shorter time to death (adjusted HR [aHR] = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.17–3.38, p = .01), while BPD was associated with longer time to death (aHR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.22–0.67, p = .001).

Conclusion

BPD is associated with increased ventilation and duration of tracheostomy but over time many children with BPD will wean off the ventilator and be decannulated. Pulmonary hypertension and not BPD is associated with increased time to death after tracheostomy.
Implementation of Entanglement Witnesses with Quantum Circuits
Authors: Shen Shu‐Qian , Gao Xin‐Qi , Zhang Rui‐Qi , Li Ming , Fei Shao‐Ming
Published: September 2024

Entanglement witnesses are economical tools for the experimental detection of quantum entanglement. Quantum algorithms for entanglement detection have recently attracted considerable attention. Based on block encoding techniques and state preparation methods, the implementation of several types of entanglement witnesses using quantum circuits without quantum state tomography is proposed. Further, explicit quantum circuits for the block encoding of some special matrices are presented.
Value Addition to α‐Position of Carbonyl: Synthesis of 2‐Arylidene and Halocycloalkanones
Authors: Bhatt Gaurang J. , Kahar Nidhi , Purohit Ashish C. , Deota Pradeep T. , Dhasmana Yogesh , Chopra Deepak
Published: September 2024

Benzocyclotrimers (BCTs) like trindane and dodecahydrotriphenylene (DDHTP) have attracted attention as key components for the construction of higher polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons due to their aesthetic architecture that is useful in developing beautiful carbocycles of higher order. However, there are limited reports on these ring systems since their functionalization is a formidable task. Our personal engagement with these scaffolds prompted us to explore the synthesis of their synthetically useful derivatives. Herein, we report syntheses of a new series of their derivatives by exploiting the α–position of these cycloalkanones using classical Claisen‐Schmidt condensation reaction as well as simple and practical α‐Csp3–H halogenation with suitable halogenating agents.
Green Synthesis of Bimetallic Cu−Cd Nanoparticles and its Catalytic Activity in Pyrido [2,3‐d;6,5‐d] Dipyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Kopperundevi J. , Ashokkumar D. , Gopalakrishnan M. , Ramalingam G.
Published: September 2024

Green synthesis nanoparticles have gained interest in recent years due to their environmental friendliness and sustainability. The current study focuses on the green synthesis of BMNP using spearmint leaves as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Because of their excellent catalytic characteristics, the synthesized bimetallic nanoparticles function as an effective catalyst in pyrido[2,3‐d:6,5‐d] pyrimidine derivatives. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized using a variety of techniques, including FT‐IR analysis, SEM & EDX, XRD, and TEM. The FT‐IR study shows a reduction in functional groups in the leaf extract, confirming the metal nanoparticles’ stretching. SEM and EDX studies confirm the shape and elemental composition of bimetallic nanoparticles. XRD investigation showed that the synthesized NPs are crystalline, and the Scherrer equation was used to calculate the average crystallite size. The calculated size was 49 nm. TEM analysis confirms the core‐shell nature of BMNPs. The synthesized nanoparticles acted as a superior catalyst in pyrido[2,3‐d:6,5‐d] dipyrimidines derivatives. in the synthetic procedure, BMNPs enhanced the catalytic activity and reduced the reaction time with more yield, Compared to the previous study. and the synthesized compound [1–5] has been confirmed by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR analysis. and it has given better results in in‐vivo anti‐diabetic activity by Streptozotocin nicotinamide. This induced model adult male albino Wistar derivatives show significant fasting blood glucose levels when compared to metformin hydrochloride. and its evaluated molecular docking study, exhibit excellent CDDOCKER energy.
Lead‐Free Perovskite With Efficient Tellurium Ion Activation for Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Han Lulu , Zhang Shiwen , Yuan Junheng , Wang Tianchi , Yao Shuyi , Song Hao , Mu Dedan , Sun Jiabo , Yang Xiuxia , Xu Xuhui
Published: September 2024

Lead‐free perovskite materials have received extensive attention due to their non‐toxicity, super environmental stability and adjustable photoelectric properties. However, the inherent problems of low luminous efficiency and low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) limit its development in multifunctional applications. Here, Te4+ doped Cs2ZrCl6 with high luminous efficiency and stability for multifunctional applications are developed. Te4+ ions are used as emission centers to improve the optical properties of Cs2ZrCl6 to make efficient and stable single‐component white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs), and can be used as scintillator materials to improve scintillation performance to achieve high‐resolution and low‐dose X‐ray imaging detection. In addition, it is found for the first time that Te4+ ions can be introduced into the trap center, so that the Cs2ZrCl6:Te4+ perovskite material exhibits excellent persistent luminescence (PersL) and mechanoluminescence (ML) after X‐ray radiation, which has potential applications in the fields of delayed imaging and stress sensing. This work provides a method for designing lead‐free perovskites with high optical performance and scintillating properties, as well as developing multifunctional applications.
Nanomotor‐Driven Targeting Chimeras as Accelerators for the Degradation of Extracellular Proteins
Authors: Ning Yujun , Li Bin , Liu Yixin , Lu Yanwei , Huang Xuedong , Liu Baohong
Published: September 2024

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is emerging as a therapeutic paradigm and a serviceable research tool in chemical biology and disease treatment. However, without driving sources, most targeting chimeras (TACs) lack the capability of self‐diffusion and active searching in biological environments, which significantly impedes degradation efficiency. Herein, nanomotor‐driven targeting chimeras (MotorTACs) are ingeniously designed to achieve effective internalization and degradation of extracellular platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), a driver to cancer invasion and metastasis. Catalyzed by endogenous H2O2, MotorTACs diffused rapidly and searched actively in living cells, as visualized at the single‐particle level under the dark‐field mode. Hydrolysis efficiency is significantly enhanced as target protein degradation is complete in only 4 h. Furthermore, MotorTACs‐mediated degradation of PDGF is found to be via the lysosome and ubiquitin‐proteasome dual‐degradation pathways. Taking advantage of the properties, it is anticipated that MotorTACs provide a unique strategy against extracellular undruggable proteins, thus advancing the development of therapeutic interventions in chemical biology and disease treatment.
Digital Light Processing of Thermoresponsive Hydrogels from Polyproline‐Based Star Polypeptides
Authors: Murphy Robert D. , Cosgrave Muireann , Judge Nicola , Tinajero‐Diaz Ernesto , Portale Giuseppe , Wu Bing , Heise Andreas
Published: September 2024

The first report of star poly(L‐proline) crosslinkers is disclosed for digital light processing 3D printing of thermoresponsive hydrogels. Through chain end functionalization of star poly(L‐proline)s with methacryloyl groups, access to high‐resolution defined 3D hydrogel structures via digital light processing is achieved through photoinitiated free radical polymerization. Changing the poly(L‐proline) molecular weight has a direct influence on both thermoresponsiveness and printability, while shape‐morphing behavior can be induced thermally.
Bimetallic Coupling Strategy Modulating Electronic Construction to Accelerate Sulfur Redox Reaction Kinetics for High‐Energy Flexible Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Dong Hanghang , Ji Ying , Wang Lei , Wang Haichao , Yang Chao , Xiao Yao , Chen Mingzhe , Wang Yong , Chou Shulei , Wang Renheng , Chen Shuangqiang
Published: September 2024

Lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are considered the most promising energy storage battery due to their low cost and high theoretical energy density. However, the low utilization rate of sulfur and slow redox kinetics have seriously limited the development of Li‐S batteries. Herein, the electronic state modulation of metal selenides induced by the bi‐metallic coupling strategy is reported to enhance the redox reaction kinetics and sulfur utilization, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of Li‐S batteries. Theoretical calculations reveal that the electronic structure can be modulated by Ni‐Co coupling, thus lowering the conversion barrier of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and Li+, and the synergistic interaction between NiCoSe nanoparticles and nitrogen‐doped porous carbon (NPC) is facilitating to enhance electron transport and ion transfer kinetics of the NiCoSe@NPC‐S electrodes. As a result, the assembled Li‐S batteries based on NiCoSe@NPC‐S exhibit high capacities (1020 mAh g−1 at 1 C) and stable cycle performance (80.37% capacity retention after 500 cycles). The special structural design and bimetallic coupling strategy promote the batteries working even under lean electrolyte (7.2 µL mg−1) with a high sulfur loading (6.5 mg cm−2). The proposed bimetallic coupling strategy modulating electronic construction with N‐doping porous carbon has jointly contributed the good redox reaction kinetics and high sulfur utilization.
Thickness Optimization of Front and Recombination ITO in Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Kabaklı Özde Şeyma , McMullin Kaitlyn , Messmer Christoph , Bett Alexander J. , Tutsch Leonard , Bivour Martin , Hermle Martin , Glunz Stefan W. , Schulze Patricia S.C.
Published: September 2024

Optical losses of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells can be effectively reduced by optimizing the thin‐film layer thicknesses. Herein, the thicknesses of DC sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) films, which serve as the front electrode and the recombination layer connecting the subcells, are optimized to reach high transparency and good lateral charge transport simultaneously. Optical simulations of the full perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell stacks are performed to find the optimum recombination and front electrode ITO thicknesses for solar cells as well as modules. Implementation of the optimized 25 nm front electrode ITO thickness in semitransparent single‐junction perovskite solar cells increases the short‐circuit density by 1.5 mA cm−2 compared to the former reference thickness of 75 nm. Combined with an optimized 20 nm recombination ITO layer, high short‐circuit density of 20.3 mA cm−2 is reached in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell devices, which is the highest reported value for planar front perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells to the best of knowledge. Further interface passivation enables 28.8% power conversion efficiency.
Species delimitation in Xanthium sect. Acanthoxanthium (Heliantheae, Asteraceae) and the neglected species Xanthium argenteum
Authors: Manzo Eleonora , Nillies Sebastian , Gutiérrez Diego G. , Panero José L. , Bräuchler Christian , Tomasello Salvatore
Published: September 2024

Xanthium is a genus of annual herbaceous plants that stands out within Asteraceae for being wind‐pollinated, diclinous monoecious, and bearing solitary pistillate flowers in peculiar spiny structures (burs). Xanthium sect. Acanthoxanthium is native to South America and characterized by the presence of trifurcate spines at the base of the leaves. Past taxonomic treatments of the section have been contradictory, some recognising up to six species, others reducing all to a single polymorphic species. Altogether, 42 samples of X. sect. Acanthoxanthium were analysed, the vast majority taken from herbarium specimens between 20 and 160 years old. We sampled multiple specimens of X. spinosum from throughout its broad range as well as those taxa with narrower distributions, covering the whole range of morphological variation in the section. When possible, we included types and original material. We used Hyb‐Seq techniques to obtain information from about 1000 single‐copy nuclear genes and complete plastomes. Phylogenomic data were submitted to coalescent‐based species delimitation approaches (SPEEDEMON). Additionally, we performed geometric morphometric analysis of leaf outlines. The results strongly support the identification of four lineages in the section favouring the acceptance of four of the hitherto described species, i.e., X. ambrosioides, X. argenteum, X. catharticum, and X. spinosum. These results were to some extent corroborated by morphometric analyses. While X. ambrosioides was well distinct from X. spinosum based on leaf morphology, such difference was not observed between X. spinosum and X. catharticum. However, X. catharticum differs from X. spinosum in its ecological requirements, being a species rather adapted to high‐mountain environments of the Neotropics. Intriguingly, X. argenteum – a taxon described from a single herbarium collection – was also inferred as a species.
String‐Like Self‐Capacitance‐Based Proximity and Tactile Sensor that Can be Wrapped Around Robotic Arms
Authors: Tsuji Satoshi
Published: September 2024

Cooperative robots that perform safety functions as part of cooperative work with humans have been recently drawing attention. Proximity and tactile sensors that can be retrofitted to a robot's surface are important safety measures for existing robots that are not manufactured as cooperative robots to be used as cooperative robots. In this paper, a string‐like self‐capacitance‐based proximity and tactile sensor that can be easily wrapped around various types of existing robots is proposed. The novel and useful point in this paper is that it can be easily mounted on various robots by a flexible string‐like proximity and tactile sensor. The sensor module can be adjusted to the required length by connecting different numbers of modules depending on the mounting surface. As a demonstration, six prototype sensor modules were connected by each connector and wrapped around a robotic arm. The sensor modules on the robot's surface could detect an object within its proximity range and detect the rough pressure after contact. In addition, the robotic arm with the sensor modules could be controlled in real time using the data obtained from the sensor that are object detection data at proximity range. These results confirm that the proposed sensor module can be used in the proximity and tactile sensors of existing robots. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Clinicopathological findings in cats with haws syndrome
Authors: Fruchter Bar , Kuzi Sharon , Pe'er Oren , Ofri Ron , Sebbag Lionel
Published: September 2024

Background

Haws syndrome is a relatively common yet poorly understood disorder in cats.

Methods

Ten cats with acute haws syndrome underwent ophthalmic and physical examinations, bloodwork, faecal analysis and pharmacological testing with 1% phenylephrine. The cats were discharged with broad‐spectrum deworming (with or without metronidazole) as well as topical tetrahydrozoline.

Results

Cats were 17.6 ± 9.1 (2‒36) months old. All eyes had bilateral third eyelid protrusion and ptosis but no miosis or other ocular abnormalities. Diarrhoea was noted in four of 10 cats; otherwise, the cats were systemically healthy. A newly adopted kitten with haws syndrome and diarrhoea caused the condition to develop in the other three cats (from the same multicat household) within 4‒11 days. All cats tested negative for feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus. Serum amyloid A levels were elevated in two of eight tested cats. Tests for the presence of Giardia were positive in four of nine tested cats. Clinical signs transiently resolved within 20 minutes of the application of topical phenylephrine or tetrahydrozoline. Haws syndrome resolved in nine of the 10 cats within 37.7 ± 23 (12‒95) days but recurred in three of the nine cats 156‒182 days later.

Limitations

The small sample size limits the conclusions that can be drawn.

Conclusions

Haws syndrome occurs in generally healthy cats, with or without diarrhoea, and is characterised by a sympathetic neuropathy causing bilateral third eyelid protrusion and ptosis. Clinical signs are possibly triggered by contagious gastrointestinal pathogen(s) that presumably affect(s) the gut microbiota and influence(s) the gut‒brain axis.
Detection of equine herpesvirus antibodies in large‐scale donkey farms in Liaocheng area
Authors: Ji Yanfei , Zhao Xia , Liu Wenqiang
Published: September 2024

Background

Equine herpesvirus (EHV) can cause respiratory, reproductive and neurological diseases in equine animals, including donkeys. The main pathogens responsible for these diseases are EHV type 1 (EHV‐1) and EHV‐4. In this study, we collected serum samples from 230 donkeys on 27 large‐scale donkey farms to detect EHV‐1 and EHV‐4 antibodies. We analyzed the presence of EHV antibodies based on region, age and season.

Results

Out of the 27 farms, 62.96% (17/27) tested positive for EHV. Of the 230 donkeys tested, 2.61% (6/230) were positive only for EHV‐1, 5.22% (12/230) were positive only for EHV‐4, and 4.78% (11/230) were positive for both EHV‐1 and EHV‐4. The highest percentage of positive donkeys (21.28%) was found in Dong'e County. The seropositivity rate among donkeys aged 1–4 years was significantly higher compared to the group of donkeys aged 0–1 year (p < 0.05). Additionally, the positive rate was significantly higher in fall and winter compared to spring and summer (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Altogether, our findings indicate that large‐scale donkey farms in the Liaocheng area have a high prevalence of EHV antibodies. Since Liaocheng is an important donkey trading market in Shandong Province, it is crucial to consider the risk of disease transmission based on our test results. This will help in early detection and prevention of EHV outbreaks.
Impacting trauma care in resource‐limited settings: Lessons learned from Tanzania's web‐based trauma registry initiatives
Authors: Osebo Cherinet , Razek Tarek , Grushka Jeremy , Deckelbaum Dan , Khwaja Kosar , Munthali Victoria , Boniface Respicious
Published: September 2024

Background

Trauma significantly impacts Tanzanian healthcare. Lacking standardized hospital‐based minimal trauma data sets places further challenges for policymakers. In other resource‐limited countries, implementing trauma systems and registries has reduced injury mortalities. In 2013, we introduced an electronic trauma registry, iTRAUMATM at the Tanzanian Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute (MOI) but noted several drawbacks. In 2023, we introduced a robust web‐based trauma registry platform. This study assesses the feasibility and utility of implementing the platform at MOI and summarizes challenges, lessons, and results compared to existing systems.

Methods

This prospective observational study involved clinicians collecting data directly on the platform at the point‐of‐care, following specific training. Semi‐structured interviews with local stakeholders identified challenges and areas for improvement. Data were reported from July to December 2023.

Results

Data from 2930 patients showed 59% of injuries were from road traffic collisions (RTCs), with 43% of patients arriving at MOI by non‐ambulances. Our findings show that non‐ambulance arrivals were associated with higher injury severity (p < 0.026), mortalities (p < 0.017), and delayed hospital arrival (p < 0.004), underscoring the critical role of prompt transport in trauma management. The new platform identified trauma care gaps, with a mean arrival‐to‐care time of 29.89 min, prompting trauma training at MOI to enhance clinician capacities. It also demonstrated superiority over existing systems by improving data completeness, timeliness, and usability. Challenges included gaining support for the platform's functionality, technology integration, and navigating administrative changes. With continued communication, stakeholder acceptance and support were achieved.

Conclusion

The web‐based platform has become MOI's standard trauma database, demonstrating its feasibility and utility. It overcame the existing challenges of data completeness, timeliness, and usability for policymaking. Positive feedback has prompted plans to expand the platform to other hospitals, benefiting clinical benchmarking and trauma preventive efforts. Ensuring sustainability requires involvement from the Ministry of Health, ongoing training, functionality enhancements, and strengthened global partnerships.
Remembering and Forgetting Terror in Berlin
Authors: Karcher Katharina
Published: September 2024

If Leonard Cohen is right, there is a crack in everything. Berlin now has a famous one. It runs through Breitscheidplatz, a square in the heart of the city. On 19 December 2016, a truck drove into a Christmas market at this very spot. The attack killed thirteen people. The names of twelve victims of this terror attack are engraved into the stairs leading to the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church at the centre of the square. And, there is a golden crack cutting through the stairs and the square. Installed in 2017, this memorial is a subtle reminder of the attack in 2016. In this essay, the author reflects on the atmosphere at the Breitscheidplatz Christmas market in 2022. It shows that there is a complex interplay of remembering and forgetting.
Sign and Expression (the Concept of the Musical Sign and Its Function)
Authors: Rimas Juozas , Rimas Jr Juozas
Published: September 2024

The concept of sign (M. K. Cohen, P. Ricoeur, C. G. Jung, S. Langer, L. Wittgenstein; Boethius, St Augustine). The signs of the notes as a spatial form of music. Syntax, morphology and phonetics in language, including musical language. Interpretation as knowing the meaning from the sign (J. Grondin). The sign has meaning only to the extent that it can be understood (V. Daujotytė). The written signs as the potentiality, and the language and the expression as the actualisation. A text is a system of signs: the sign is something which exists not as an end in itself but as a reference to something other than itself. The result of perception of the intonational links in the structure of the text is expressive intonational activity.
The Foreground and Background (Inner) Dimensions (Forms) of a Musical Work
Authors: Rimas Juozas , Rimas Jr Juozas
Published: September 2024

The perception of form as a scheme intersects with the principle of musical form as a process, a becoming. An aesthetic object is divided into a foreground (Vordergrund) that is given in reality, and a background (Hintergrund) that is unreal (N. Hartmann; J. Böhme). What exists (the sensory shape) is the possibility of the path which leads to the perception of what does not yet exist—the essence of the work (A. Maceina, V. Daujotytė). The appearing of the external is a unity belonging to the consciousness of the internal (E. Husserl). The Aristotelian form is the Platonic idea (J. Ortega y Gasset). The insight into the work’s idea is unattainable without the requisite abilities, that is, experience (Vydūnas): the aesthetic value of a work of art depends on the correct interaction between the foreground and the background (A. Šliogeris), and on the appropriateness of the means of expression for the perceived idea of the work. Expression is the externalisation of the inside (i.e., indicated by the prefix “ex”). An “unapparent connection” is stronger than one which is obvious (Heraclitus; A. Adomėnas): the former still has to be made “apparent” through perception and expression.
Music: A Part of Spiritual Culture
Authors: Rimas Juozas , Rimas Jr Juozas
Published: September 2024

Culture and cultural activity, as defined by the Lithuanian philosophers A. Maceina and A. Šliogeris and the French philosopher E. Mounier. Example of the singer’s cultural disposition in the Lithuanian folk song Tu, dobilėli (“You little clover”) (link to recording, sung by the author). Spirit of a person as the source of culture. Importance of consciousness and its evolution for the person in general and the musician in particular (H. Berlioz). Concepts of hermeneutics and musical hermeneutics. Analysis of the understanding of the text in light of the sources of culture which lie concealed within the inner creative force of a person, with reference to the Lithuanian composer J. Švedas and writer B. Sruoga, active in the interwar period.
The Parameters of Time and Expression of Music
Authors: Rimas Juozas , Rimas Jr Juozas
Published: September 2024

Retention, protention and intention in musical expression. St Augustine’s perception of the parameters of time (music as the science of good movement) (scientia bene movendi): the manifestation in sound of time felt internally. Musical events: a transition from one contextual situation to another (A. Benditskiy, M. Aranovskiy). Rejection of the static approach to time in favour of the real flow of time (V. Sesemann). The goal of musical expression is to give intonational—temporal—movement to the form of a work. Musical time is the movement of sound structures dictated by the spirit of the work understood by the interpreter.
Einleitung: Verkehr als gesellschaftspolitische Herausforderung
Authors: Canzler Weert , Haus Juliane , Knie Andreas , Ruhrort Lisa
Published: September 2024

Lange stand das Automobil für soziale Integration durch Motorisierung und Zugang zu materiellem und kulturellem Kapital. Dafür wurden dem Auto besondere Privilegien eingeräumt und die Verkehrsinfrastruktur systematisch und flächendeckend autogerecht ausgerichtet. Dies wird aber spätestens zum Problem, wenn das Paradigma der unbegrenzten Raumüberwindung an seine ökologischen und funktionalen Grenzen stößt. Die entscheidenden Fragen lauten: Kann eine moderne hocharbeitsteilige Gesellschaft auch mit weniger physischer Beweglichkeit auskommen oder wie kann eine gesellschaftspolitische Perspektive jenseits einer uneingeschränkten räumlichen Mobilität aussehen? Die Corona-Pandemie mit ihren Lockdown-Phasen hat unter anderem auch gezeigt: eine in ihren Mobilitätsoptionen stark eingeschränkte Gesellschaft vergrößert die soziale Ungleichheit und verstärkt tradierte Rollenbilder. Bisher galt eine Korrelation zwischen Wohlstandsniveau und räumlich-physikalischen Verkehr. Es ist eine empirisch offene Frage, ob sich mit höheren Anteilen digitaler Mobilität und einer zumindest partiellen Substitution physisch-räumlicher durch digitale Mobilität dieser Zusammenhang tatsächlich auflöst. Es gibt jedoch Hinweise darauf, dass die Ermöglichungsfunktionen des Automobils gelitten haben und teilweise gar nicht mehr bestehen bzw. von digitalen Optionen zunehmend abgelöst werden. Es könnte also sein, dass sich zumindest Teile der Gesellschaft von den angebotenen Verkehrsmitteln bereits emanzipiert haben. Das Verkehrskleid scheint insgesamt der modernen Gesellschaft nicht mehr recht zu passen.
Generalized holographic complexity of rotating black holes
Authors: Zhang Ming , Sun Jialong , Mann Robert B.
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We explore the generalized holographic complexity of odd-dimensional Myers-Perry asymptotically Anti-de Sitter (MP-AdS) black holes with equal angular momenta within the “complexity equals anything” proposal. We begin by determining the codimension-one generalized volume complexity by finding the extremum of the generally covariant volume functional. Locally, we show that its late-time growth rate aligns with the critical momenta associated with the extremal hypersurfaces. Globally, we discover diverse phase transitions for the complexity at early times, including first-order, second-order, and multicritical transitions. An area law and a phase diagram are proposed to adapt to these phase behaviours, highlighting the effects of the black hole’s angular momentum. At zero time, we define the generalized holographic complexity of formation and examine its scaling relations for both large near-extremal MP-AdS black holes and static charged black holes. We find that the scaling behaviours of the generalized volume complexity of formation maintain uniformity with those of the original holographic complexity formulations, except in cases where the scalar functional defining the generalized holographic complexity is infinite in the vacuum limit or at spatial infinity. Additionally, we show that these findings can be applied to codimension-zero observables.
The defect b-theorem under bulk RG flows
Authors: Shachar Tom , Sinha Ritam , Smolkin Michael
Published: September 2024

Abstract

It is known that for RG flows confined to a two-dimensional defect, where the bulk maintains its conformal nature, the coefficient of the Euler density in the defect’s Weyl anomaly (termed b) cannot increase as the flow progresses from the ultraviolet to the infrared, a principle known as the b-theorem. In this paper, we investigate whether this theorem still holds when the bulk, instead of being critical, also undergoes an RG flow. To address this question, we examine two distinct and perturbatively tractable examples. Our analysis reveals that a straightforward extension of the b-theorem to these cases of RG flows fails.
Focally Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Polymicrogyria—an MRI Study
Authors: Rauch Maximilian , Lachner Karsten , Frickel Lea , Lauer Monika , Adenauer Simon Jonas , Neuhaus Elisabeth , Hattingen Elke , Porto Luciana
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Polymicrogyria (PMG) is a cortical malformation frequently associated with epilepsy. Our aim was to investigate the frequency and conspicuity of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) underneath dysplastic cortex as a potentially underrecognized feature of PMG in pediatric and adolescent patients undergoing clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

We analyzed data from 28 pediatric and adolescent patients with PMG and a matched control group, ranging in age from 2 days to 21 years, who underwent MRI at 1.5T or 3T. T2-weighted MR images were examined for the presence of EPVS underneath the dysplastic cortex. The quantity of EPVS was graded from 0 to 4 (0: none, 1: < 10, 2: 11–20, 3: 21–40, 4: > 40 EPVS). We then compared the presence and quantity of EPVS to the matched controls in terms of total EPVS scores, and EPVS scores underneath the dysplastsic cortex depending on the age groups, the localization of PMG, and the MRI field strength.

Results

In 23/28 (82%) PMG patients, EPVS spatially related to the dysplastic cortex were identified. EPVS scores were significantly higher in PMG patients compared to controls, independent from age or PMG location. No significant differences were observed in EPVS scores in patients examined at 1.5T compared to those examined at 3T.

Conclusion

EPVS underneath the dysplastic cortex were identified in 82% of patients. EPVS may serve as an important clue for PMG and a marker for cortical malformation.
Plug and Produce — a review and future trend
Authors: Khabbazi Mahmood Reza , Danielsson Fredrik , Massouh Bassam , Lennartson Bengt
Published: September 2024

This article presents a systematic literature review on the Plug and Produce concept in advanced automated manufacturing control systems. Over recent decades, this concept has evolved significantly, with researchers focusing on enhancing its applicability and improving its conceptual, logical, and physical aspects across various sub-areas such as system design, methodologies, and supporting tools within the Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 frameworks. The review offers technical insights on the research domain of Plug and Produce accompanied by an analytical schematic outlining five key evolving research streams ranging from system design framework, and functionality features, up to the empirical application. Additionally, the article discusses important issues surrounding the evolution of Plug and Produce in alignment with emerging trends within Industry 5.0 automation. By analyzing the literature and current trends in industrial automation, the article highlights critical key development directions for shaping the future of manufacturing systems focusing on smart, circular, and human-centric solutions using Plug and Produce.
Panel-based assessment of ecosystem condition as a platform for adaptive and knowledge driven management
Authors: Jepsen Jane U. , Arneberg Per , Ims Rolf A. , Siwertsson Anna , Yoccoz Nigel G. , Fauchald Per , Pedersen Åshild Ø. , van der Meeren Gro I. , von Quillfeldt Cecilie H.
Published: September 2024

Ecosystems are subjected to increasing exposure to multiple anthropogenic drivers. This has led to the development of national and international accounting systems describing the condition of ecosystems, often based on few, highly aggregated indicators. Such accounting systems would benefit from a stronger theoretical and empirical underpinning of ecosystem dynamics. Operational tools for ecosystem management require understanding of natural ecosystem dynamics, consideration of uncertainty at all levels, means for quantifying driver-response relationships behind observed and anticipated future trajectories of change, and an efficient and transparent synthesis to inform knowledge-driven decision processes. There is hence a gap between highly aggregated indicator-based accounting tools and the need for explicit understanding and assessment of the links between multiple drivers and ecosystem condition as a foundation for informed and adaptive ecosystem management. We describe here an approach termed PAEC (Panel-based Assessment of Ecosystem Condition) for combining quantitative and qualitative elements of evidence and uncertainties into an integrated assessment of ecosystem condition at spatial scales relevant to management and monitoring. The PAEC protocol is founded on explicit predictions, termed phenomena, of how components of ecosystem structure and functions are changing as a result of acting drivers. The protocol tests these predictions with observations and combines these tests to assess the change in the condition of the ecosystem as a whole. PAEC includes explicit, quantitative or qualitative, assessments of uncertainty at different levels and integrates these in the final assessment. As proofs-of-concept we summarize the application of the PAEC protocol to a marine and a terrestrial ecosystem in Norway.
MRI-DWI detection of residual cholesteatoma: moving toward an optimum follow-up scheme
Authors: Eggink Maura C. , de Wolf Maarten J. F. , Ebbens Fenna A. , de Win Maartje M. L. , Dikkers Frederik G. , van Spronsen Erik
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To analyse diagnostic accuracy of MRI-DWI in detecting residual disease after cholesteatoma surgery and propose an optimum follow-up (FU) scheme.

Method

A retrospective chart review of patients who had cholesteatoma surgery in a tertiary referral centre. 3.0 T non-echo planar diffusion weighted imaging was performed as part of routine FU or indicated on the basis of clinical suspicion of disease. Imaging outcome was verified per-operatively during a second-look procedure or ossicular chain reconstruction. Diagnostic parameters were calculated and stratified by FU length.

Results

For the FU of 664 cholesteatoma surgeries, 1208 MRI-DWI were obtained and 235 second-look procedures were performed. Most MRI-DWI were obtained within 1.5 yrs of surgery. In this period, significantly less true positive MRI-DWI and significantly more false negative MRI-DWI for residual disease were found compared to other FU periods. Scanning after approximately 3 yrs yielded a significantly higher rate of true positive MRI-DWI, while sensitivity surpassed 80%. Younger patients had a higher risk of developing residual disease. Patients undergoing canal wall up surgery, as well as patients < 12 yrs, were at risk for false negative MRI-DWI. Obliteration reduces the risk of residual disease, while leading to less false negative MRI-DWI.

Conclusion

A novel radiologic FU scheme for detecting residual disease is suggested for stable ears after cholesteatoma surgery: standard MRI-DWI approximately 3 and 5 yrs after primary surgery, as well as MRI-DWI after approximately 9 yrs for patients with specific risk factors (i.e., patients < 12 yrs or patients undergoing canal wall up surgery without obliteration).
Age estimation of burnt human remains through DNA methylation analysis
Authors: Grignani Pierangela , Bertoglio Barbara , Monti Maria Cristina , Cuoghi Costantini Riccardo , Ricci Ugo , Onofri Martina , Fattorini Paolo , Previderè Carlo
Published: September 2024

The identification of human fire victims is a challenging task in forensic medicine. The heat-induced alterations of biological tissues can make the conventional anthropological analyses difficult. Even if the DNA profile of the victim is achieved, it is possible that no match can be found in a forensic DNA database, thus hindering positive identification. In such cases, any information useful to nail down a possible identity should be collected, such as DNA methylation analysis which could provide useful investigative leads. In the present study, five age-related epigenetic markers (ELOVL2, FHL2, KLF14, C1orf132, and TRIM59) were initially analysed in blood samples of 72 living Italian individuals of known age, using a Single Base Extension (SBE) assay. An age prediction model was built by multiple linear regression including all the markers (Mean Absolute Error, MAE: 3.15 years). This model was tested on 29 blood samples collected during autopsies from burnt human remains, already identified through DNA analysis, providing a MAE of 6.92 years. The model allowed a correct prediction in 79.3% of the cases (95% prediction interval), while six cases were associated with inaccurate predictions (min-max prediction error: 9.8–37.3 years). Among the different sample variables considered to explain these results, only the DNA degradation index was a relevant factor affecting the reliability of the predictions. In conclusion, the SBE typing of blood from burnt remains proved to be a reliable tool to estimate chronological age of most of the samples, also in consideration of its cost-effectiveness and the availability of CE sequencers in every forensic genetics laboratory.
The role of resection in hepatocellular carcinoma BCLC stage B: A multi-institutional patient-level meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Lopez-Lopez Victor , Kalt Fabian , Zhong Jian-Hong , Guidetti Cristiano , Magistri Paolo , Di Benedetto Fabrizio , Weinmann Arndt , Mittler Jens , Lang Hauke , Sharma Rohini , Vithayathil Mathew , Tariq Samir , Sánchez-Velázquez Patricia , Rompianesi Gianluca , Troisi Roberto Ivan , Gómez-Gavara Concepción , Dalmau Mar , Sanchez-Romero Francisco Jose , Llamoza Camilo , Tschuor Christoph , Deniz Uluk , Lurje Georg , Husen Peri , Hügli Sandro , Jonas Jan Philipp , Rössler Fabian , Kron Philipp , Ramser Michaela , Ramirez Pablo , Lehmann Kuno , Robles-Campos Ricardo , Eshmuminov Dilmurodjon
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging schema is widely used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. In the updated recommendations, HCC BCLC stage B can become candidates for transplantation. In contrast, hepatectomy is currently not recommended.

Methods

This systematic review includes a multi-institutional meta-analysis of patient-level data. Survival, postoperative mortality, morbidity and patient selection criteria for liver resection and transplantation in BCLC stage B are explored. All clinical studies reporting HCC patients with BCLC stage B undergoing liver resection or transplantation were included.

Results

A total of 31 studies with 3163 patients were included. Patient level data was available for 580 patients from 9 studies (423 after resection and 157 after transplantation). The overall survival following resection was 50 months and recurrence-free survival was 15 months. Overall survival after transplantation was not reached and recurrence-free survival was 45 months. The major complication rate after resection was 0.11 (95%-CI, 0.0-0.17) with the 90-day mortality rate of 0.03 (95%-CI, 0.03–0.08). Child-Pugh A (93%), minor resection (60%), alpha protein level less than 400 (64%) were common in resected patients. Resected patients were mostly outside the Milan criteria (99%) with mean tumour number of 2.9. Studies reporting liver transplantation in BCLC stage B were scarce.

Conclusion

Liver resection can be performed safely in selected patients with HCC BCLC stage B, particularly if patients present with preserved liver function. No conclusion can done on liver transplantation due to scarcity of reported studies.
On the Parameterized Complexity of Compact Set Packing
Authors: Gadekar Ameet
Published: September 2024

The Set Packing problem is, given a collection of sets $$\mathcal {S}$$
S
over a ground set U, to find a maximum collection of sets that are pairwise disjoint. The problem is among the most fundamental NP-hard optimization problems that have been studied extensively in various computational regimes. The focus of this work is on parameterized complexity, Parameterized Set Packing (PSP): Given parameter $$r \in {\mathbb N}$$

r
∈
N

, is there a collection $$ \mathcal {S}' \subseteq \mathcal {S}: |\mathcal {S}'| = r$$

S

′

⊆
S
:

|

S

′

|

=
r

such that the sets in $$\mathcal {S}'$$

S

′

are pairwise disjoint? Unfortunately, the problem is not fixed parameter tractable unless $$\textsf {W[1]} = \textsf {FPT} $$

W
[
1
]
=
FPT

, and, in fact, an “enumerative” running time of $$|\mathcal {S}|^{\Omega (r)}$$

|
S
|

Ω
(
r
)

is required unless the exponential time hypothesis (ETH) fails. This paper is a quest for tractable instances of Set Packing from parameterized complexity perspectives. We say that the input $$({U},\mathcal {S})$$

(
U
,
S
)

is “compact” if $$|{U}| = f(r)\cdot \textsf {poly} ( \log |\mathcal {S}|)$$

|
U
|
=
f
(
r
)
·
poly
(
log
|
S
|
)

, for some $$f(r) \ge r$$

f
(
r
)
≥
r

. In the Compact PSP problem, we are given a compact instance of PSP. In this direction, we present a “dichotomy” result of PSP: When $$|{U}| = f(r)\cdot o(\log |\mathcal {S}|)$$

|
U
|
=
f
(
r
)
·
o
(
log
|
S
|
)

, PSP is in , while for $$|{U}| = r\cdot \Theta (\log (|\mathcal {S}|))$$

|
U
|
=
r
·
Θ
(
log
(
|
S
|
)
)

, the problem is -hard; moreover, assuming ETH, Compact PSP does not admit $$|\mathcal {S}|^{o(r/\log r)}$$

|
S
|

o
(
r
/
log
r
)

time algorithm even when $$|{U}| = r\cdot \Theta (\log (|\mathcal {S}|))$$

|
U
|
=
r
·
Θ
(
log
(
|
S
|
)
)

. Although certain results in the literature imply hardness of compact versions of related problems such as Set$$r$$
r
-Covering and Exact$$r$$
r
-Covering, these constructions fail to extend to Compact PSP. A novel contribution of our work is the identification and construction of a gadget, which we call Compatible Intersecting Set System pair, that is crucial in obtaining the hardness result for Compact PSP. Finally, our framework can be extended to obtain improved running time lower bounds for Compact$$r$$
r
-VectorSum.
Comparison of distance versus in-person laparoscopy training using a low-cost laparoscopy simulator—a randomized controlled multi-center trial
Authors: Geissler Mark Enrik , Bereuter Jean-Paul , Geissler Rona Berit , Bökkerink Guus Mattheus Johannes , Egen Luisa , Kowalewski Karl-Friedrich , Haney Caelan
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Simulation training programs are essential for novice surgeons to acquire basic experience to master laparoscopic skills. However, current state-of-the-art laparoscopy simulators are still expensive, limiting the accessibility to practical training lessons. Furthermore, training is time intensive and requires extensive spatial capacity, limiting its availability to surgeons. New laparoscopic simulators offer a cost-effective alternative, which can be used to train in a digital environment, allowing flexible, digital and personalized laparoscopic training. This study investigates if training on low-cost simulators in a digital environment is comparable to in-person training formats.

Materials and methods

From June 2023 to December 2023, 40 laparoscopic novices participated in this multi-center, prospective randomized controlled trial. All participants were randomized to either the ‟distance” (intervention) or the “in-person” (control) group. They were trained in a standardized laparoscopic training curriculum to reach a predefined level of proficiency. After completing the curriculum, participants performed four different laparoscopic tasks on the ForceSense system. Primary endpoints were overall task errors, the overall time for completion of the tasks, and force parameters.

Results

In total, 40 laparoscopic novices completed digital or in-person training. Digital training showed no significant differences in developing basic laparoscopic skills compared to in-person training. There were no significant differences in median overall errors between both training groups for all exercises combined (intervention 3 vs. control 4; p value = 0.74). In contrast, the overall task completion time was significantly lower for the group trained digitally (intervention 827.92 s vs. control 993.42; p value = 0.015). The applied forces during the final assessment showed no significant differences between both groups for all exercises. Overall, over 90% of the participants rated the training as good or very good.

Conclusion

Our study shows that students that underwent digital laparoscopic training completed tasks with a similar number of errors but in a shorter time than students that underwent in-person training. Nevertheless, the best strategies to implement such digital training options need to be evaluated further to support surgeons’ personal preferences and expectations.