bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eﬀect of Dexmeditomidine on Isoﬂuorane Consumption in Middle Ear Surgery
Authors: Bandhu Smriti , Mukharjee Arunabh
Published: January 2021

Background: With the introduction of intentional hypotensive anesthesia in the surgical field to achieve a relatively bloodless surgical field along with the use of the operative microscope, it has revolutionized the middle ear surgery practice. Dexmedetomidine is a relatively new and potent α2 agonist prototype found efficient in rendering bloodless intra-surgical field and inducing controlled hypotension during the surgeries of the middle ear. The objective is to present prospective study was aimed at evaluating with and without dexmedetomidine infusion effect on end-tidal isoflurane concentration for lowering blood pressure by 30%, awakening time and quality of bloodless surgical field during middle ear surgical procedure. Subjects and Methods:54 patients who were to undergo middle ear surgery and had ASA I and II were randomly divided into the two groups. In Group I Dexmedetomidine was used and in Group II Normal saline. Effect of Dexmedetomidine infusion on end-tidal isoflurane concentration for lowering blood pressure by 30%, awakening time, quality of bloodless surgical field during middle ear surgical procedure, heart rate was evaluated. The data collected were statistically analyzed. Results: The mean values of the heart rate were statistically non-significant between the groups when recorded at the baseline, whereas, a statistically significant difference was seen in the values for heart rate intra-operatively. The mean values for heart rates were significantly higher for the placebo group. A significant difference in Isoflurane concentration was found with dexmedetomidine requiring a percentage of 0.6 0.4 and normal saline 1.8 0.5. Less bleeding was seen with dexmedetomidine. Conclusion:  Dexmedetomidine is a potent hypotensive agent which also reduces the requirement of Isoflurane compared  to the normal saline placebo. The use of dexmedetomidine is relatively safe and provide a relatively bloodless surgical field, hence, increasing efficacy, and improving visibility at the surgical site.
Anaesthesia and Anaesthesiologist: The Perception of Attendees at a Medical College in Rural Haryana
Authors: Agrawal Meenu , Meena Singh  , Bansal Pranav , Jindal Tushar , Yousuf Ishrat
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Anaesthesia as a specialty is reaching its zenith with multiple sub-specialties, but anaesthesiologist remains obscure personnel behind the drapes due to lack of public perception and knowledge pertaining to their role. The aim is to the study was conducted to assess the perception and knowledge of general public about the role of anaesthesia and the anaesthesiologist. Subjects and Methods : A prospective, cross-sectional study, conducted in a 500-bedded, rural medical college over a 3-month period. A total of 172 attendees accompanying their patients for surgical procedures were enrolled and assessed based on preformed, pretested questionnaire in the pre-anaesthetic clinic. The questionnaire contained 30 questions to determine their knowledge and attitude towards anaesthesia and anaesthesia provider. Results: Out    of total 172 participants, 43.02% % recognized anaesthesiologist as specially trained doctors. Eighty two (47.67%) of the attendees knew that anesthesia is administered by an anesthesiologist but 71.5% were not aware of their role in providing peri-operative care. The attendees apprised of anesthesiologists role in labour analgesia, chronic pain management, intensive care units and emergency resuscitation was Sixty seven (39%), forty nine (28.49%), forty five (26.7%) and twenty six (15.1%) out of 172 respectively. Majority of the attendees (93.6%) were receptive to know more about anaesthesia. Conclusion: The awareness regarding role of anaesthesiologist in general public is still low and the perception of people about anaesthesia as an evolved specialty is lacking. This calls for corrective measures to be taken by the anaesthesiology fraternity for propagation of anesthesiology skills via social media and other government aided platforms.
Anatomical Variations in Branching Pattern of Arch of Aorta – A Cadaveric Study in South Indian Population
Authors: S Kantharaj Naik  , S.A. Premchand  , W Benjamin
Published: January 2021

Background: Knowledge of the branching pattern of arch of aorta is important in avoiding surgical and accidental injuries during aortic instru- mentation, thoracic and neck surgeries. Subjects and Methods: The present study is based on dissections that were performed on 50 properly embalmed human cadaver specimens. The anatomical variations of arch of aorta and its branches, diameter of its branches at site of origin and distance of each branch from the point of origin to median plane were measured. Results: The usual three branched pattern of arch of aorta was found in 36 specimens (72%). The common trunk for both brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid artery was present in 10 specimens (20%). In 2 specimens (4%), the arch gives four branches, left vertebral artery being additional branch. In 1 specimen (2%), the arch gives three branches namely; common trunk for brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid artery, left vertebral artery and left subclavian artery. In 1 specimen (2%), the arch gives three branches namely; brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and common trunk for left vertebral artery and left subclavian artery. Conclusion: The results in this study provide significant information vital for anatomists, cardiovascular surgeons and radiologists.
Assessment of Relation between External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve & Thyroid Gland- A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Anurag  , Gupta Vishnu
Published: January 2021

Background: The thyroid gland is essential for normal growth of the body. This study assessed relation of external branch of superior laryngeal nerve to the superior pole of the thyroid gland. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on 25 human cadavers having 50 superior thyroid poles of both genders. Cadavers were classified based on age groups, group I was those with age less than 39 years and group II cadavers were those with age more than 40 years of age. Various measurements were performed on cadavers. Results: 14 cadavers were I group I and 11 were in group II. The mean mass was 67.2 Kgs in group I and 59.5 Kgs in group II, time elapsed after death was 481.5 minutes in group I and

476.4 minutes in group II, mean height was 1.74 meters in group I and 1.69 meters in group II, mean BMI found to be 22.3 kg/m2in group I and 20.1 kg/m2in group II. Height found to be significant between both groups (P< 0.05). The mean distance from EBSLN to cranial point of the thyroid gland was 6.66 mm in group I and 8.96 mm in group II. The mean transverse distance from superior thyroid artery to EBSLN was 3.55 mm in group I and 5.12 mm side in group II. The mean distance of the crossing point between the most cranial point of the thyroid lobe was 6.40 mm in group I and 11.47 mm in group II. The mean distance from the EBSLN to the midline of the neck was 19.80 mm in group I and 18.58 mm in group II. The mean distance from the EBSLN to the midline of the neck on the most cranial point of the cricoid cartilage was 18.77 mm in group I and 17.80 mm in group II. Conclusion: Authors found variation in measurements in left and right side in both group I and group II.
Umbilical Cord Changes in Anemia, Gestational Diabetes and Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Authors: Mithil Potuganti  , B. R. Zambare
Published: January 2021

Background: The Umbilical cord (UC) structure is designed in such a way that it provides uninterrupted blood flow to the developing fetus even though it is influenced by uterine conditions and external forces throughout the pregnancy period. UC and placenta are the only structures, which nourish the fetus until term. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, DVVPF’S Medical college and hospital. Results: In the GDM group without treatment, eccentric insertion is seen in 249 placentae and central insertion in 76 placentae. In the GDM group with treatment, central insertion is seen in 236 placentae and eccentric is seen in 89 patients. In the PIH group, without treatment, 22 central insertions and 68 eccentric insertions were observed. With treatment, PIH patients central insertions are seen in 76 and eccentric in 14. In the anemia group without treatment, 24 central insertions and 76 eccentric insertions are observed. Conclusion: On a concluding note, we observed in our study that, the pathological features observed in anemia, pregnancy induced hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus are on a minimal note in treated patients after their onset, than in untreated patients. Various awareness programs constitutionalized by Governments and various NGO’s are bringing upon a desired change, but at the same time, intensity and frequency are to be increased.
Investigation of outlet diameter effect on emulsion separation efficiency in rectangular separators
Authors: Madyshev I. N. , Zinurov V. E. , Dmitriev A. V. , Dang Xuan Vinh , Badretdinova G. R.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study is to conduct experimental studies of oil -water emulsion separation in a rectangular separator in the range of velocities along the device working area from 1.43 to 2.5 m/s. The efficiency of emulsion separation is determined by an experimental method based on measuring the density of a two-phase liquid, provided that the density of each component of the mixture is previously determined. The authors propose to use a device with U-shaped elements to increase its performance when separating oil-water emulsions. The device under study including two rows of U-shaped elements consists of one complete separation stage. The authors have conducted experimental studies of the device with U-shaped elements on the "oil-water" system, during which the efficiency of emulsion separation was evaluated. It was detemined that the proposed device provides the highest efficiency of emulsion separation of 68% when the diameter of the holes intended for the exit of the heavy phase equals to 2.5 mm in the range of emulsion velocities from 1.43 to 2.5 m/s. The conducted experimental studies will allow to use a turbulence model for calculation in the programs like Ansys Fluent or FlowVision, which will most adequately describe the separation process of similar emulsions. The experiments have proved the possibility of obtaining high values of efficiency. Therefore, the correct selection of technological parameters (average flow rate, concentration) and the size of the characteristic elements of the proposed device will allow to specify the design of a rectangular separator, for example, to calculate the number of stages to achieve the required separation efficiency or to determine the size of the separation elements.
Application prospects of Irkutsk region thermal coals
Authors: Takaishvili L. N. , Agafonov G. V.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the paper is to assess application directions and prospects of Irkutsk region power generating coals for the needs of electric and heat power engineering with regard to the possible export of elect rical energy to the countries of South-East Asia, and use as raw materials for coal chemistry needs. The research is carried out using the methods of system analysis involving analysis and synthesis, formalization and concretization, structuring and restructuring, classification. It is the first time when the category of local power generating coals is distinguished under the analysis of the balance reserves of thermal coals. Their feature is low-quality and remoteness from settlements and transportation lanes. Their resource estimate is also given – 0.54 billion tons. An estimate of the recoverable reserves of local coals is obtained: it is 260 million tons. The potential level of local coal production is calculated. A retrospect of consumption trends of regional thermal coals is given and possible application directions are considered in the long run. It is shown that the most demanded direction is the use of coals for energy needs, mainly at thermal power plants. The calculated volumes of coal consumption of two export TPPs, Mugunskaya and Ishideiskaya, are respectively 11 and 6 million tons. According to the authors' calculations, the percentage of electrical energy generation at coal -fired TPPs depending on its export variant implementation can increase by 1.5 – 2.1 times as compared with the level of 2019. Availability of significant reserves of power generating coals in the region makes them a reliable source of energy resources for the electric and thermal power industry, including the export of electrical energy and a promising raw material for the needs of coal chemistry. Potential capacity of coal mining is estimated at 50-60 million tons per year, including 6.5 million tons of local coals. Production potential of coal significantly exceeds its demand both at present and in the future.
Ways to minimize production risks when using the automated mine surveying deformation monitoring system at open-pit mines
Authors:   Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, Sayyidkasimov Sayyidjabbor S. , Belyaev Evgeniy N. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: January 2021

Hazardous production facilities at open-pit mines are zones characterized by the presence of natural or man-made factors causing emergencies and life safety threats. When conducting mining operations and processing solid minerals, it is necessary to monitor the condition of sides, trenches, ledges, slopes and dumps, and areas of possible collapses or failures. The monitoring is carried out by the mine surveying department. They conduct instrumental observations of displacement processes, deformations of the earth's surface, buildings, and structures. The stationary benchmarks adapted for attaching stationary reflectors and measuring instruments help to minimize risk factors during instrumental observations. This allows for remote monitoring without the presence of people in danger zones. The automatic remote monitoring system allows for measuring cycles at high speeds and small frequencies, which eliminates errors caused by the human factor. Constantly updated parameters of the monitored object are used to predict the state of the object with a high degree of reliability, prevent accidents or calculate economic indicators of consequences.
Istirātījiyyat Qirā’at Kutub al-Turath ‘ala Asās Naẓariyyat Rebecca Oxford fī Ta‘allum al-Lughat al-Ajnabiyat
Authors: Rizki Restu Budiansyah
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the strategies used by superior students and less superior students and then the similarities and differences between each group of students in the use of strategies. This research uses a qualitative descriptive field approach. Data collection method is based on (1) authentication method (2) questionnaire method (3) interview method. Data analysis for this study was based on the Mehlis and Hubermin methods, including four steps: (1) data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) data presentation, and (4) extraction or extraction. Therefore, this study is used to test the validity of data by triangulation by source and triangulation by data collection methods. The results of this study are: (1) The strategies used by superior students are social strategies, supra-cognitive strategies and cognitive strategies, (2) Strategies used in students who are less superior are social strategies, reminding strategies and supra-cognitive strategies. . However, the difference in strategy use is in the memorial strategy, cognitive strategy, supra-cognitive strategy and impact strategy.
Implementasi Media Audio-Visual dalam Pembelajaran Istima‘
Authors: Sari Rizka , Muassomah M
Published: January 2021

Listening is a basic human ability which is possessed from the beginning of his birth until throughout his life. However, at the level of language learning there is a low level of student interest in learning specifically. For this reason, this study aims to describe the process of implementing the Audio-visual method in special learning for third-semester students of Arabic education at the Bani Fatah Islamic Institute in Jombang. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study using observation and documentation instruments. The subject and object of this research are the third semester students of Arabic education at the Bani Fatah Islamic Institute in Jombang. The results of this study indicate, istima 'learning process with audio-visual methods that have been arranged very well, namely: a) lecturer planning by preparing appropriate material b) students listening to the video being watched c) students write mufrodat known based on video d) students conclude the story in the video using Arabic e) students take wisdom from the video watched f) evaluation in this study is divided into two: first, written evaluation (students collect mufrodat notes of listening results), second , oral evaluation (students directly speak Arabic in giving conclusions and lessons from the video). In implementing learning specifically using this audio-visual method, it has changed the atmosphere of learning more interesting and increased the activeness of students in learning.
Civilizational contexts of African regionalism
Authors:   Russian State Pedagogical University, Gladkiy Yurij N. , Sukhorukov Vyacheslav D. ,   Russian State Pedagogical University
Published: January 2021

The dynamics of African regionalism in the context of civilizational themes is considered. The aim of the work is to analyze and summarize the accumulated scientific material about the past and present of Africa, where the processes of natural and social character are closely intertwined. The category of civilization is the explanatory principle of objective search. As the main research (methodological) approach is used geohistorical reconstruction of event pictures and a systematic view of the object of cognition. The result of the work was a detailed picture of modern African regionalism, reflecting the specifics of the continental geo-space. The presented deduced knowledge can contribute to further scientific research in this direction, as well as contribute to the formation of a fundamental scientific basis for analyzing the planetary picture.
Evolution of terminology in the Amharic language
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kravchenko Svetlana L.
Published: January 2021

In the present article several aspects of development of the terminology of the Amharic language in recent decades are discussed. The period of drastic alterations in the life of the Ethiopian society is characterized by the emergence and rapid development of terminological units used to describe new phenomena and concepts. The activation of prefixal and suffixal formation methods of terminological units plays an important role in the enrichment of the terminology of the modern Amharic language. Great amount of complex words is formed based on original Amharic vocabulary by Amharic word formation models as well as on the basis of loanwords.
Crisis in Relations between Russia and Ukraine and its Impact on Cross-Border Cooperation
Authors:   Institute of geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kolosov Vladimir A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: January 2021

The Article is devoted to the impact of the crisis in relations between the two countries on the interaction between their border areas, the economy and the social sphere of the Russian border. The author briefly analyzes the prerequisites that led to an acute political conflict between the two States and gives an overview of the historical and ethno-cultural features of the development of the border regions of Russia and Ukraine. Then the specifics of the neighborhood and socio-economic gradients between the neighboring territories of the two countries are considered.
Threats of national security: opinion of youth
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Panin Victor N.
Published: January 2021

The main results in the scientific-research, educational and extracurricular fields of the Pyatigorsk State University in the sphere of security problems’ research and organization of preventive anti-terrorist and anti-extremist activities are described in the article. The article also provides the comparative analysis of the results of the first part of the pilot project directed to a research of opinion of the Russian students and students from seven countries of Central Asia, Africa, the Middle and the Near East concerning the main threats to the national security of their countries. The results might be of some interest both form the scientific and the empirical points of view.
The Origin and Formation of Political Geography in Russia
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kaledin Nikolai V. , Elatskov Aleksej B. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2021

The article considers such little-studied issues as the emergence and formation of political geography as a scientific and educational direction in Russia. The features of the genesis and development of political geography in Russia are shown in the framework of two scientific and educational paradigms — the state-describing (the end of the 1730s — the end of the 19th century) and the anthropogeographic (the end of the 19th century — the first third of the 20th century). The main ideas and scientists in each stage are outlined. A comparative analysis of the genesis of the term “political geography” in Russia and European countries is carried out.
Daily maximum runoff frequency analysis under non-stationary conditions due to climate change in the future period: Case study Ghareh Sou basin
Authors: Sadeghi Loyeh Nazanin , Massah Bavani Alireza
Published: January 2021

The frequency analysis of the maximum instantaneous flood is mostly based on the stationary assumption. The purpose of the present study is to compare the results of maximum instantaneous flood analysis under stationary and non-stationary conditions in Ghareh Sou basin, and also answer the question as to whether there is a difference between estimating the return period of maximum instantaneous flood in stationary and non-stationary conditions. First, the values of the temperature, wind speed, and rainfall of the study area under the two scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 and 8.5 of the Hadley Centre coupled Model, version3 (HadCM3) model were downscaled. In the following, the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model was utilized to generate daily runoff. For converting the daily discharge to the maximum instantaneous flood, four methods of Fuller, Sangal, Fill Steiner, and artificial neural network (ANN) were compared. Finally, the maximum instantaneous floods of the future period were introduced to the Non-stationary Extreme Value Analysis (NEVA) software. Based on the results obtained from the research, the lack of considering the non-stationary conditions in the flood frequency analysis can result in underestimating the maximum instantaneous flood, which can also provide more risks for the related hydraulic structures.
Building the case for water and resource recovery in Canada: practitioners' perspectives
Authors: Noga Jacqueline , Springett Jane , Ashbolt Nicholas
Published: January 2021

Water and resource recovery (WRR) involves the collection and treatment of rainwater, stormwater, and/or municipal wastewater to a fit-for-purpose standard. There is no national policy for WRR in Canada, and there are minimal WRR-specific provincial regulations; given this lack of regulation, current projects are highly specific to the local context and approved individually. We engaged people who work with water and wastewater services in the province of Alberta, Canada to discuss what WRR could look like in their context. During 3-h workshops, information on WRR was shared and participants engaged in discussions using a World Café process. Participants discussed the need for supportive regulations and government leadership, financial support, collaboration and knowledge sharing, education and communication, and accounting for risk and liability. Given that the participants are individuals who would be impacted by the development of regulations for WRR, we discuss concepts to provide the guidance needed for the successful implementation of WRR. This research connected experts in water and wastewater and gave space for developing ideas that make sense to those most closely involved in delivering WRR systems.
BUILDING DEVELOPMENT PLANS FOR A CONSTRUCTION COMPANY BASED ON A DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT OF ITS LEVEL OF COMPETITIVENESS
Authors: Krivorotov Vadim V. , Kalina Alexei V. , Erypalov Sergei E. , Aksenov Maxim V.
Published: January 2021

Improving the competitiveness of Russian industrial enterprises (including the construction industry) is a priority task at the current stage of development of the country’s economy. The purpose of this study is to develop methodological tools that would allow building strategic plans for the development of a construction company using a dynamic method for assessing its competitiveness. The hypothesis is that the target parameters of the development of a construction company, which take into account the influence of competitive factors, inevitably increase its level.
This article provides an analytical review of existing methods for assessing the competitiveness of enterprises, identifies their advantages and disadvantages. The authors have chosen the dynamic approach to assessing the competitiveness of an enterprise; they propose certain aspects of its modernization, taking into account the specifics of construction production; the main indicators and algorithms used in this approach are presented.
The competitiveness of the PIK group, Russia’s largest construction company, was evaluated in comparison with the Swedish development company Skanska Group, which is successful on the world market. The most problematic performance indicators of the Russian company that have a negative impact on its competitiveness are identified. Modeling of the dependence of the company’s competitiveness level on these indicators is performed.
The results show that the key tool for eliminating these shortcomings can be the introduction of integrated information modeling based on big data for the entire development cycle: building information modeling — BIM (Building Information Modeling), augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) technologies, and customer relationship management systems (CRM), among some others. The authors show how the key performance indicators of the company change after the introduction of integrated information modeling of the entire development cycle and what the forecast level of the company’s competitiveness can be expected at the end of 2020.
ENSURING THE BALANCE OF MEASURES TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY RESOURCES USAGE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Poletaev Ilya Yu.
Published: January 2021

This article considers possible solutions to the main problems of improving the efficiency of energy resources usage at the regional, interregional, and intersectoral levels based on the dynamics of changes in the legislative framework of the Russian Federation to improve the efficiency of energy resources use. The relevance of the study is due to the need for improvements in this area.
The methodological basis of the research includes the main provisions of the legislative and regulatory framework for state management and regulation of the economy, economic security and development. The main method of research is the analysis of legislative and regulatory acts of the Russian Federation adopted and currently in force to improve the energy efficiency of the economy. The author has studied the process of creating and making changes to the regulations of the Russian Federation; in addition, he has analyzed the content and comparative analysis of the legal framework. The problems of implementing certain legal acts were also considered.
The results of the study have shown the necessity and role of a systematic approach to solving issues of managing measures to improve the energy efficiency of the Russian economy. While there is a fairly extensive legal framework for energy conservation and energy efficiency, the Russian Federation does not have a well-established national mechanism for interaction between generating and marketing organizations, on the one hand, and end-users of energy resources, on the other.
This article depicts that most of the developed municipal and regional programs to improve energy efficiency, when they are ready for implementation, are focused exclusively on the end user. The interests of generating suppliers of energy resources and supplying organizations are not taken into account; therefore, there is no interest of energy suppliers in energy conservation in the domestic market of the country and there is no stimulation of necessary measures to reduce energy consumption on their part.
The author has formulated the conclusion about the necessity of public administration and promoting development and achievement of balance of measures to improve the efficiency of energy use at Federal and regional levels and by industry and end-users of energy of all levels and forms of ownership.
Szerencsejáték és bűnözés kapcsolatának magyarországi vizsgálata
Authors: Tessényi Judit , Farkas Gergely
Published: January 2021

Kutatásunkban a bűnözés és a szerencsejáték-függőség kapcsolatát, 175 fogvatartott börtönbe vonulás előtti játékszokásait, demográfiai jellemzőit és ezek kapcsolatait vizsgáltuk kérdőíves módszerrel. Ezt a kérdőívet használtuk már két korábbi, 2009-es és 2014-es kutatásunk során is, amelyek adatfelvételeken alapulva mérik fel az aktuális helyzetet. A kóros játékszenvedély vizsgálatára az South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) kérdőív eredeti változatát alkalmaztuk, azt kiegészítve demográfiai, valamint a vizsgálatunk szempontjából releváns kérdésekkel. Bár a több mint tíz évet felölelő kutatásunk során a problémás szerencsejátékosok aránya csökkent a vizsgált magyar büntetés-végrehajtási intézetekben, még így is igen jelentősnek mondható. Vizsgálatunk során megerősítést nyert, hogy a bűncselekmény elkövetésének közvetlen vagy közvetett oka a szenvedélyes szerencsejáték. A játékfüggők feminizációja egy viszonylag frissen kimutatott jelenség, melyre szintén kitérünk vizsgálatunk során. Emellett az intézményi dolgozók felkészítésére, képzésére és aveszélyeztetett kategóriában lévőkre is szeretnénk felhívni a figyelmet. Míg a vizsgáltak 11%-a állította, hogy börtönbe kerülésének köze volt a szerencsejátékhoz, ez az arány a játékfüggők esetén 28% volt.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: I12, K14
Terra e colonialismo
Authors: Perdigão de Castro Luís Felipe
Published: January 2021

Resumo

Os conflitos por terra perpassam a história da América Latina, resultantes de processos mais amplos de apropriação e concentração, que se estendem desde o passado colonial. A inserção da terra, sob uma lógica colonial predatória e violenta, reflexão central deste artigo, produziu impactos, forjando sujeitos e lutas que, sob dinâmicas antigas e novas, atravessaram séculos. Partindo desse contexto que aproxima passado e presente, o artigo debate, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, a inserção da terra sob a lógica colonial, enfatizando os sentidos da violência e da expropriação de terras e sua conexão com processos posteriores, como o land grabbing, ligados à acumulação, controle e consolidação do capitalismo como sistema mundial. O caráter transversal – no sentido de algo que cruza, atravessa e passa, frequentemente, por temas nacionais de Brasil e Colômbia – leva em conta que a América Latina é, de forma geral, uma região que se destaca no mundo pela desigualdade na distribuição. Sob distintas configurações sociais, a terra foi e continua sendo sinônimo de poder e riqueza para quem a detenha, particularmente no Brasil e na Colômbia.
Compliance e gestão de crise da Covid-19
Authors: Diniz Eduardo Saad , Urban Mariana
Published: January 2021

O texto dedica-se ao estudo dos desafios do controle social em face da crise da COVID-19, com delimitação nas possibilidades de utilização de recursos de compliance para a gestão de crise e reconstrução social pós-conflito. A crise é situada em um contexto de regressão da política regulatória, analisando suas consequências no âmbito sanitário e econômico. O uso dos recursos de compliance é pensado a partir da normalização de estado permanente de crise, necessidade de priorização dos recursos e desenvolvimento de estratégias de recondução da cadeia produtiva em torno do que é essencial. O texto trabalha com o método dedutivo e com a organização do discurso na área.
Digital Footprint of Academic Vascular Surgeons in the Southern United States on Physician Rating Websites: Cross-sectional Evaluation Study
Authors: Yan Qi , Jensen Katherine J , Thomas Rose , Field Alyssa R , Jiang Zheng , Goei Christian , Davies Mark G
Published: January 2021

Background

The internet has become a popular platform for patients to obtain information and to review the health care providers they interact with. However, little is known about the digital footprint of vascular surgeons and their interactions with patients on social media.

Objective

This study aims to understand the activity of academic vascular surgeons on physician rating websites.

Methods

Information on attending vascular surgeons affiliated with vascular residency or with fellowships in the Southern Association for Vascular Surgery (SAVS) was collected from public sources. A listing of websites containing physician ratings was obtained via literature reviews and Google search. Open access websites with either qualitative or quantitative evaluations of vascular surgeons were included. Closed access websites were excluded. Ranking scores from each website were converted to a standard 5-point scale for comparison.

Results

A total of 6238 quantitative and 967 qualitative reviews were written for 287 physicians (236 males, 82.2%) across 16 websites that met the inclusion criteria out of the 62 websites screened. The surgeons affiliated with the integrated vascular residency and vascular fellowship programs in SAVS had a median of 8 (IQR 7-10) profiles across 16 websites, with only 1 surgeon having no web presence in any of the websites. The median number of quantitative ratings for each physician was 17 (IQR 6-34, range 1-137) and the median number of narrative reviews was 3 (IQR 2-6, range 1-28). Vitals, WebMD, and Healthgrades were the only 3 websites where over a quarter of the physicians were rated, and those rated had more than 5 ratings on average. The median score for the quantitative reviews was 4.4 (IQR 4.0-4.9). Most narrative reviews (758/967, 78.4%) were positive, but 20.2% (195/967) were considered negative; only 1.4% (14/967) were considered equivocal. No statistical difference was found in the number of quantitative reviews or in the overall average score in the physician ratings between physicians with social media profiles and those without social media profiles (departmental social media profile: median 23 vs 15, respectively, P=.22; personal social media profile: median 19 vs 14, respectively, P=.08).

Conclusions

The representation of vascular surgeons on physician rating websites is varied, with the majority of the vascular surgeons represented only in half of the physician rating websites The number of quantitative and qualitative reviews for academic vascular surgeons is low. No vascular surgeon responded to any of the reviews. The activity of vascular surgeons in this area of social media is low and reflects only a small digital footprint that patients can reach and review.
Using Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict People’s Intention to Use Mobile Learning Platforms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Akour Iman , Alshurideh Muhammad , Al Kurdi Barween , Al Ali Amel , Salloum Said
Published: January 2021

Background

Mobile learning has become an essential instruction platform in many schools, colleges, universities, and various other educational institutions across the globe, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The resulting severe, pandemic-related circumstances have disrupted physical and face-to-face contact teaching practices, thereby requiring many students to actively use mobile technologies for learning. Mobile learning technologies offer viable web-based teaching and learning platforms that are accessible to teachers and learners worldwide.

Objective

This study investigated the use of mobile learning platforms for instruction purposes in United Arab Emirates higher education institutions.

Methods

An extended technology acceptance model and theory of planned behavior model were proposed to analyze university students’ adoption of mobile learning platforms for accessing course materials, searching the web for information related to their disciplines, sharing knowledge, and submitting assignments during the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected a total of 1880 questionnaires from different universities in the United Arab Emirates. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling and machine learning algorithms were used to assess the research model, which was based on the data gathered from a student survey.

Results

Based on our results, each hypothesized relationship within the research model was supported by our data analysis results. It should also be noted that the J48 classifier (89.37% accuracy) typically performed better than the other classifiers when it came to the prediction of the dependent variable.

Conclusions

Our study revealed that teaching and learning could considerably benefit from adopting remote learning systems as educational tools during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the value of such systems could be lessened because of the emotions that students experience, including a fear of poor grades, stress resulting from family circumstances, and sadness resulting from a loss of friends. Accordingly, these issues can only be resolved by evaluating the emotions of students during the pandemic.
Digital Contact Tracing Based on a Graph Database Algorithm for Emergency Management During the COVID-19 Epidemic: Case Study
Authors: Mao Zijun , Yao Hong , Zou Qi , Zhang Weiting , Dong Ying
Published: January 2021

Background

The COVID-19 epidemic is still spreading globally. Contact tracing is a vital strategy in epidemic emergency management; however, traditional contact tracing faces many limitations in practice. The application of digital technology provides an opportunity for local governments to trace the contacts of individuals with COVID-19 more comprehensively, efficiently, and precisely.

Objective

Our research aimed to provide new solutions to overcome the limitations of traditional contact tracing by introducing the organizational process, technical process, and main achievements of digital contact tracing in Hainan Province.

Methods

A graph database algorithm, which can efficiently process complex relational networks, was applied in Hainan Province; this algorithm relies on a governmental big data platform to analyze multisource COVID-19 epidemic data and build networks of relationships among high-risk infected individuals, the general population, vehicles, and public places to identify and trace contacts. We summarized the organizational and technical process of digital contact tracing in Hainan Province based on interviews and data analyses.

Results

An integrated emergency management command system and a multi-agency coordination mechanism were formed during the emergency management of the COVID-19 epidemic in Hainan Province. The collection, storage, analysis, and application of multisource epidemic data were realized based on the government’s big data platform using a centralized model. The graph database algorithm is compatible with this platform and can analyze multisource and heterogeneous big data related to the epidemic. These practices were used to quickly and accurately identify and trace 10,871 contacts among hundreds of thousands of epidemic data records; 378 closest contacts and a number of public places with high risk of infection were identified. A confirmed patient was found after quarantine measures were implemented by all contacts.

Conclusions

During the emergency management of the COVID-19 epidemic, Hainan Province used a graph database algorithm to trace contacts in a centralized model, which can identify infected individuals and high-risk public places more quickly and accurately. This practice can provide support to government agencies to implement precise, agile, and evidence-based emergency management measures and improve the responsiveness of the public health emergency response system. Strengthening data security, improving tracing accuracy, enabling intelligent data collection, and improving data-sharing mechanisms and technologies are directions for optimizing digital contact tracing.
A STUDY OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN WHO-UPPSALA MONITORING CENTRE CRITERIA, NARANJO ALGORITHM, AND LIVERPOOL ALGORITHM FOR CAUSALITY ASSESSMENT OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS
Authors: SUNITHA MESSALINE , PARVATHY SHOBHA
Published: January 2021

Objective: A standard causality assessment tool of an adverse drug reaction (ADR) is essential to compute the risk-benefit assessment of the medication taken by the patient and categorize its relationship likelihood. It should be reproducible and should not differ with the background and experience of the evaluator. Though there are a large number of causality assessment tools, none is unanimously accepted worldwide. So, this study was done to assess the agreement between three frequently used methods of causality assessment, the World Health Organisation-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) system, the Naranjo’s algorithm, and the Liverpool algorithm.

Methods: 172 ADR forms from the pharmacovigilance unit were randomly selected for the study. Causality assessment was done using three different methods, the WHO-UMC system, Naranjo’s algorithm, and the Liver pool algorithm. Cohen’s Kappa statistics was applied to look for agreement between the causality assessment methods.

Results: The agreement between the WHO-UMC criteria and Naranjo’s algorithm was the highest (136), with a Kappa value of 0.511, suggesting a moderate level of agreement. A maximum number of disagreements were noted between the WHO-UMC system and the Liverpool algorithm method (110).

Conclusion: A moderate agreement exists between the WHO-UMC system and the Naranjo algorithm. There is poor agreement between the Liverpool algorithm and the other two scales. Therefore, it is recommended that both the WHO-UMC system and the Naranjo algorithm be used for causality assessment of ADRs.
USING THE SIMULATED PATIENT METHODOLOGY TO ASSESS THE QUALITY OF COUNSELLING IN GERMAN COMMUNITY PHARMACIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW FROM 2005 TO 2018
Authors: KUNOW CHRISTIAN , LANGER BERNHARD
Published: January 2021

The simulated patient methodology (SPM) is a form of participatory observation and can be used to assess the quality of counselling. The aim is to review those papers reporting the use of the SPM in German community pharmacies (CPs) from the beginning of 2005 to the end of 2018. The reporting items in the study were derived from the PRISMA Statement. We conducted a systematic search in the GVK-Plus, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Additional sources included the personal literature collection of 1 of the reviewers and the reference lists from international systematic reviews and potentially relevant papers. The quality of the papers included was evaluated using the AXIS tool. A total of 5 papers were included. The SPM that was used varied greatly in the papers. The quality of counselling was assessed in the papers as being rather poor. The quality of the papers differed for specific assessment criteria. Only an extremely small number of papers could be included, in contrast to other countries. The papers for Germany demonstrate that there is a considerable need for improvement in the quality of counselling in CPs. Also, the deficits identified here for the application of the SPM should be avoided in future papers. It must also be recommended that the SPM be reported in future papers using uniform reporting standards, which are yet to be developed, to ensure better comparability.
Mil razones para seguir adelante
Authors: Lavoignet Acosta Blanca Judith
Published: January 2021

La pandemia por el virus sars-CoV-2 ha ocasionado grandes estragos en todos los contextos, incluyendo el de la educación, lo que ha afectado a los protagonistas (docentes y estudiantes) del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, de manera holística. En está ocasión sólo conoceremos a uno de ellos.
Experiencia de enseñanza-aprendizaje: pandemia covid-19
Authors: Nolasco Salcedo Ma. del Carmen
Published: January 2021

La emergencia sanitaria por la covid-19 ha desatado un caos en la educación, lo que ha provocado que los docentes universitarios experimenten muchas emociones al tratar de adaptarse a los entornos virtuales, para que sus estudiantes puedan continuar sus clases en cualquier momento y lugar. Esto implica desafíos inéditos, ya que algunos, antes de la pandemia, se resistían a adoptar las plataformas virtuales como una herramienta de apoyo. A pesar de que otros sí aprovecharon los beneficios de estas plataformas, no lo hacían para impartir clases, sino eran sólo un apoyo en la realización de actividades. Se trata de un desafío que los docentes han tratado de superar con empatía, creatividad y esmero, para poder continuar con un proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de calidad para sus estudiantes.
En la voz de un profesor de asignatura de la Facultad de Medicina
Authors: Massieu Paulin Alain
Published: January 2021

En este video narro un poco sobre mi trabajo como profesor de las asignaturas de Integración Básico Clínica I y II en la Facultad de Medicina de la unam y como la pandemia del covid-19 ha cambiado la forma en la que desempeño mi labor docente. También comparto las distintas herramientas, servicios y plataformas que uso para auxiliarme en mi trabajo y procurar realizarlo de la mejor manera. Reflexiono sobre los problemas a los que muchos profesores y alumnos se enfrentan por la brecha digital existente en nuestro país y finalizo haciendo un llamado a replantear y revalorar la labor docente, así como la investigación educativa.
Aprendizaje vertical
Authors: Valdespino Castillo Patricia M.
Published: January 2021

En los eventos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de nuestra vida, hay personajes que juegan papeles clave. Maestros, tutores, familiares, novelas, canciones, columnas periodísticas, a menudo nos ayudan a entender las cuestiones que rondan nuestra cabeza. Pero con frecuencia los rechazamos porque son mensajes o actitudes de gente mayor y el desfase generacional no nos deja entenderlos bien.
Los tiempos de la covid-19 nos tienen encerrados en casa y nos alertan que justamente “los viejos” son un grupo vulnerable. Además, se nos ha pedido que cuidemos a los abuelos.
Si tenemos la suerte de contar con una conexión de internet, aparentemente podemos aprender de todo lo que queramos con un clic. Esto podría llevarnos a explorar solamente lo que nos parece atractivo, fácil y cómodo. Con este testimonio, invito a reflexionar sobre el papel de los viejos en el aprendizaje de generaciones enteras. Intento llamar a la apertura hacia voces diversas y a entender que todos jugamos un papel para caminar hacia una sociedad más madura.