bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Spatial Robotic Arm Trajectory Planning
Authors: Dai Ye , Xiang Chaofang , Zhang Yuan , Jiang Yupeng , Qu Wenyin , Zhang Qihao
Published: July 2022

With space technology development, the spatial robotic arm plays an increasingly important role in space activities. Spatial robotic arms can effectively replace humans to complete in-orbit service tasks. The trajectory planning is the basis of robotic arm motion. Its merit has an essential impact on the quality of the completed operation. The research on spatial robotic arm trajectory planning has not yet formed a broad framework categorization, so it is necessary to analyze and deeply summarize the existing research systematically. This paper introduces the current situation of space obstacle avoidance trajectory planning and motion trajectory planning. It discusses the basic principle and practical application of the spatial robotic arm trajectory planning method. The future development trend has also been prospected.
Labor Off-Farm Employment and Farmers’ Cooking Clean Energy Use: Evidence from Rural China
Authors: Zhou Wenfeng , Qing Chen , Guo Shili , He Jia , Deng Xin , Song Jiahao , Xu Dingde
Published: July 2022

(Motivation) With the transfer of labor force and the continuous improvement of household income, the household energy consumption structure is also changing. (Gaps) However, few studies have explored the correlations between labor off-farm employment (LOE) and farmers’ cooking clean energy (CCE) consumption. (Methodologies) Using survey data of 8198 farmers in 27 provinces from China’s labor dynamic survey in 2016, the IV-Probit model was used to analyze the impact of LOE on CCE use, and the mediation effect model was used to examine the specific mechanism of action between them. (Results) The results found that: (1) LOE accounted for about 39%, and farmers’ utilization rate of CCE accounted for 40%. (2) LOE has significantly promoted the use of CCE by farmers, and this action mechanism is mainly realized through three paths, that is, per capita annual cash income, social relationship network, and family population structure. (3) The heterogeneity analysis results showed that the head of the household having a university education or above, the family being located in rural areas and mountainous areas, and LOE will have a greater positive impact on the farmers’ CCE use. (Policy) From the micro perspective of LOE, this study can deepen our understanding of LOE and CCE use decisions, and then provide a reference for the rational allocation of labor resources and farmers’ CCE-related policy formulation.
The Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates, Sowing Density, and Plant Growth Regulator Application on the Quality and Milling Value of Triticum durum Desf. Grain
Authors: Bożek Kamila Sabina , Żuk-Gołaszewska Krystyna , Bojarczuk Jarosław , Gołaszewski Janusz
Published: July 2022

Agronomic treatments and environmental conditions of cultivation affect the nutritional value and technological quality of durum-wheat-based products. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 18 agronomic treatments that differed in nitrogen rate, sowing density, and growth regulator application on variability in the quality and milling parameters of durum wheat grain, and the interrelationships between these parameters. The study demonstrated that the investigated parameters were modified by the agronomic treatments. However, environmental variance resulting from differences in soil characteristics and climatic conditions dominated in most cases (44–93%). The percentage of variance induced by differences between treatments in total variance was distinctly higher only in the case of the gluten index (59%). The treatments without nitrogen fertilization and with or without the application of the growth regulator, and the treatments with the application of the growth regulator and the nitrogen rate of 120 kg N ha−1, discriminated between the milling parameters associated with sifting (bran, type 1 semolina) and grading of milling products (flour, type 2 semolina, and type 3 semolina), respectively.
Elevated Nitrite/Nitrate Ratio as a Potential Biomarker for the Differential Diagnosis of Pleural Effusions
Authors: Chao Mu-Rong , Chang Yuan-Jhe , Shih Ying-Ming , Chen Jian-Lian , Yen Cheng-Chieh , Hu Chiung-Wen
Published: July 2022

Pleural effusions (PEs) are common in clinical practice and can be due to many different underlying diseases such as cancer, congestive heart failure, or pneumonia. An accurate differential diagnostic categorization is essential, as the treatment and prognosis of PEs largely depend on its cause. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that nitrite and nitrate concentrations in PEs are associated with the inflammation and infection conditions. We therefore measured the nitrite and nitrate levels in 143 PE samples using a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method and investigated their diagnostic potential in differentiating PEs. The results showed that nitrite concentrations and nitrite/nitrate ratios were higher in exudates than in transudates (NO2−: 2.12 vs. 1.49 μM; NO2−/NO3−: 23.3 vs. 14.0). Both the nitrite concentrations and the nitrite/nitrate ratios were positively correlated with the three Light’s criteria. Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the nitrite/nitrate ratio with an area under the curve of 0.71 could be a potential diagnostic biomarker in separating infectious PEs (IPEs) from other types of PEs. Taken together, the nitrite/nitrate ratio not only reflected the statuses of inflammation, but also the nitrate reduction by pathogenic bacteria infection in the pleural cavity. The nitrite/nitrate ratio could be a better biomarker in the differential diagnosis of PEs than the nitrite concentration alone.
Zinc(II) Sulfanyltribenzoporphyrazines with Bulky Peripheral Substituents—Synthesis, Photophysical Characterization, and Potential Photocytotoxicity
Authors: Koza Patrycja , Koczorowski Tomasz , Mlynarczyk Dariusz T. , Goslinski Tomasz
Published: July 2022

The study’s aim was to synthesize new unsymmetrical sulfanyl zinc(II) porphyrazines and subject them to physicochemical and electrochemical characterization and also an initial acute toxicity assessment. The procedure was initiated from a commercially available dimercaptomaleonitrile disodium salt and o-phthalonitrile using Linstead’s macrocyclization reaction conditions, which led to magnesium(II) tribenzoporphyrazine with 4-(3,5-dibutoxycarbonylphenoxy)butylthio substituents. The obtained macrocycle was demetallated with trifluoroacetic acid and subsequently remetallated with zinc(II) acetate toward the zinc(II) porphyrazine derivative. The zinc(II) tribenzoporphyrazine with 4-(3,5-dibutoxycarbonylphenoxy)butylthio substituents was then subjected to the reduction reaction with LiAlH4, yielding zinc(II) tribenzoporphyrazine with 4-[3,5-di(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]butylthio substituents. The new zinc(II) tribenzoporphyrazines were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, various NMR techniques (1HNMR, 13CNMR, 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C HSQC, and 1H-13C HMBC), and mass spectrometry. In the UV-Vis spectra, both macrocycles revealed characteristic Soret and Q-bands, whose positions were dependent on the solvent used for the measurements. Zinc(II) tribenzoporphyrazines were studied using electrochemical and photochemical methods, including the singlet oxygen generation assessment. Both zinc(II) porphyrazines revealed high singlet oxygen generation quantum yield values of up to 0.59 in DMSO, which indicates their potential photosensitizing potential for photodynamic therapy. In addition, new derivatives were subjected to a Microtox® bioluminescence assay.
Performance Improvement of the Free-Space Optical Communication Link Using Spatial Diversity Reception-Assisted OFDM Signals
Authors: Huang Yang , Zheng Xinyi , Guo Yufei , Gao Shiming
Published: July 2022

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology is presented for use in free-space optical (FSO) communications accompanied by the spatial diversity reception. Using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation formats, the OFDM signals show robustness to support high spectral efficiency and compatibility with the spatial diversity reception to improve receiver sensitivity. Compared with the single-carrier QPSK signal, the OFDM-QPSK signal with 64 sub-carriers can reduce the BER from 2.87 × 10−3 to 2.98 × 10−4 at the SNR of 6 dB. Using a two-aperture spatial diversity reception with OFDM, the BER can be reduced from 2.45 × 10−3 of a single receiver to 6.10 × 10−4 under moderate turbulence conditions. Under strong turbulence, the BER of the single receiver is 2.14 × 10−2. It can be improved to 1.16 × 10−3 by using four-aperture receivers, and even 6.87 × 10−4 by using six-aperture receivers. The optimized aperture number should be selected according to channel conditions.
Measurement of Lower Extremity Alignment Using a Smartphone Application
Authors: Sung Seung-Yong , Kang Kyung-Yil , Shim Dong Woo , Kim Jae-Hyung , Kim Sung-Woo , Park Sung-Jun , Kim Sung-Whan , Chae Dong-Sik
Published: July 2022

Identification of lower extremity misalignment requires radiation exposure and complex imaging. We developed and tested a smartphone application to facilitate quick identification of misalignment using photographs. Lower extremity alignment was measured by two independent researchers using a proprietary smartphone application and conventional radiographs. The results were compared between the methods and evaluators for interrater and intrarater reliability. Ninety datasets were obtained from 45 patients, with 90 lower extremity alignment angles measured via radiographs and the smartphone application. The intrarater reliability of the hip–knee–ankle angle (HKAA), measured twice by evaluator A using the radiographic imaging program, was 0.985, whereas that measured by evaluator B was 0.995. The intrarater reliability of the predicted lower extremity alignment angle (PLEAA) measured using the smartphone application was 0.970 and 0.968 for evaluators A and B, respectively. Thus, all results showed excellent reliability. In validity analysis, the correlation between PLEAA and HKAA measured twice by evaluators A and B was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. HKAA (A) and PLEAA (A) had a positive correlation coefficient of 0.608 (p < 0.01), whereas HKAA (B) and PLEAA (B) had a positive correlation coefficient of 0.627 (p < 0.01). Thus, our smartphone application can facilitate for self-diagnosis of lower extremity misalignment.
An Overview of Shade Selection in Clinical Dentistry
Authors: Jouhar Rizwan , Ahmed Muhammad Adeel , Khurshid Zohaib
Published: July 2022

The selection of an accurate tooth shade has always been a challenging task for dental practitioners in restoring the natural appearance of teeth. Various factors can influence shade selection, such as different lighting conditions, clearness and opaqueness of teeth, eye fatigue, aging and color vision problems. It is imperative to have a sound knowledge about the concept of shades and its selection protocol for obtaining good esthetics outcomes. To attain the best esthetics, four elementary contributing factors are essential: exact position, shape, surface texture and shade. The current analysis focuses on several features of shade, sensitivity of shades, optical properties of the teeth, visual and innovative instrumental techniques for shade selection, protocols for shade selection and factors affecting dental shade selection.
Role of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer in Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Sensing
Authors: Prabakaran G. , Velmurugan K. , David C. Immanuel , Nandhakumar R.
Published: July 2022

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based fluorescence sensing of various target analytes has been of growing interest in the environmental, bioimaging, and diagnosis fields. Graphene-based zero- (0D) to two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, such as graphene quantum dots (GQDs), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and graphdiyne (GD), can potentially be employed as donors/acceptors in FRET-based sensing approaches because of their unique electronic and photoluminescent properties. In this review, we discuss the basics of FRET, as well as the role of graphene-based nanomaterials (GQDs, GO, rGO, and GD) for sensing various analytes, including cations, amino acids, explosives, pesticides, biomolecules, bacteria, and viruses. In addition, the graphene-based nanomaterial sensing strategy could be applied in environmental sample analyses, and the reason for the lower detection ranges (micro- to pico-molar concentration) could also be explained in detail. Challenges and future directions for designing nanomaterials with a new sensing approach and better sensing performance will also be highlighted.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Chemopreventive Properties and Phytochemical Analysis of Solanum nigrum L. Aerial Parts and Root Extracts
Authors: Gębarowska Elżbieta , Łyczko Jacek , Rdzanek Maciej , Wiatrak Benita , Pląskowska Elżbieta , Gołębiowska Hanna , Kuźniarski Amadeusz , Gębarowski Tomasz
Published: July 2022

This study evaluated in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and antioxidant activities of methanolic leaf and root extracts from Solanum nigrum L. and determined its chemical composition. The chemical profile of S. nigrum L. extract was tested using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Disc diffusion and microdilution assays were used for the antibacterial activities. Antifungal activity was measured using the poisoned food technique. In vitro activity on the cell culture model was assessed by MTT assay, viability measurement and by determination of cellular ROS by DCFDA assay. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for extracts from aerial parts ranged from 125 to 500 μg/mL for gram-positive cocci and Pectobacterium strains. The growth inhibition coefficient ranged from 17–56%, depending on the dosage. The antifungal effect of S. nigrum extracts on the tested filamentous fungi depended on the dose. An inhibitory effect of 50–56% on fungi was observed against Alternaria alternata and Chaetomium globosum. The study showed a reduction in cellular vitality of THP1, A549, MCF7 and HeLa cancer lines using both extracts. In addition, there was a decrease in the number of viable cells in cultures incubated with the extract of aerial parts and a reduction in oxygen radicals in the cells. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using S. nigrum extracts from the aerial part as antimicrobial factors. Both extracts show chemopreventive properties by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and reducing the level of free radicals. Both extracts show chemopreventive properties by inhibiting cancer cell growth and lowering free radical levels. The broad biological activity of the studied extracts can be used in agriculture, veterinary usages and medicine.
An Explosive Driven Shock Tube-Based Laboratory Scale Test for Combined Blast and Fragment Impact Loading
Authors: Atoui Oussama , Kechagiadakis Georgios , Moumen Abdelhafidh , Maazoun Azer , Belkassem Bachir , Pyl Lincy , Lecompte David
Published: July 2022

This work is a part of a larger research effort to better understand the combined effect of the blast wave and fragment impacts following the detonation of a shrapnel bomb. It is known that the time interval Δt, which represents the difference in arrival time between the blast wave front and the fragment at the position of a given target object, has a significant influence on its response mode. This paper presents insights into the establishment of a laboratory scale technique to generate a combined blast loading and single or multiple projectile impacts on a target. The objective of the setup is to control the time interval Δt to a certain extent so that the different response modes of the tested structures can be investigated. In order to reduce the complexity associated with the random nature of the shrapnel, steel ball bearings are used to simulate the projected fragments. They are embedded in a solid explosive charge, which is detonated at the entrance of an explosive driven shock tube. The experimental work demonstrates that it is possible to orient the path of a single projectile inside the tube when aiming at a target positioned at its exit. The setup guarantees the generation of a well-controlled planar blast wave characterized by its peak pressure, impulse and blast wave arrival time at the exit of the tube. The influence of the mass of the charge and the diameter of the projectile on its velocity study shows that for the same charge mass, the time interval increases with increasing projectile diameter. The experiments are numerically simulated based on an Eulerian approach using the LS-DYNA finite element software. The computational model allows to reveal details about the projectile flight characteristics inside the tube. Both the experimental and numerical data show the influence of the charge and projectile parameters on the time interval.
Development and Assessment of an Intelligent Compaction System for Compaction Quality Monitoring, Assurance, and Management
Authors: Lee Soomin , Sharafat Abubakar , Kim In Sup , Seo Jongwon
Published: July 2022

The successful quality control and quality assurance of compaction operations are vital for the long-term performance of earth structures. Traditional in situ measurement methods are in practice for assessing compaction project specifications. These methods have several shortcomings and cannot provide complete compaction quality information. With the advancement in automation and information technology in the construction section, intelligent compaction roller technology has the potential to solve this problem. However, this technology still has many problems and needs more comprehensive studies for its implementation. This study focuses on the development of a Web-GIS-based intelligent compaction system and the assessment of the practical application of this technology. The developed system consists of major components—namely, system hardware and software—to provide real-time compaction information and an effective management system. An experimental study was conducted to assess the correlation between the developed system’s compaction quality and traditional measurement methods. The linear regression analysis identifies the strong correlation and promises the feasibility of an intelligent compaction system instead of a traditional in situ test for compaction quality control. Two implementation case studies of real-time projects are presented to validate and demonstrate the practicality of the developed system.
Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Space Fillers to Enhance Volumetric Energy Density of NMC811 Cathode Material for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Skvortsova Irina , Savina Aleksandra A. , Orlova Elena D. , Gorshkov Vladislav S. , Abakumov Artem M.
Published: July 2022

Ni-rich layered transition metal (TM) oxides are considered to be the most promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of their high electrochemical capacity, high Li+ ion (de)intercalation potential, and low cobalt content. However, such materials possess several drawbacks including relatively low volumetric energy density caused by insufficient values of tap density. Herein, we demonstrate an exceptionally rapid and energy-saving synthesis of the mixed hydroxide precursor for the LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) positive electrode (cathode) material through a microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique. The obtained material further serves as a space-filler to fill the voids between spherical agglomerates in the cathode powder prepared via a conventional co-precipitation technique boosting the tap density of the resulting mixed NMC811 by 30% up to 2.9 g/cm3. Owing to increased tap density, the volumetric energy density of the composite cathode exceeds 2100 mWh/cm3 vs. 1690 mWh/cm3 for co-precipitated samples. The crystal structure of the obtained materials was scrutinized by powder X-ray diffraction and high angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM); the cation composition and homogeneity of TM spatial distribution were investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in a STEM mode (STEM-EDX). Well-crystallized NMC811 with a relatively low degree of anti-site disorder and homogeneous TM distribution in a combination with the co-precipitated material delivers a reversible discharge capacity as high as ~200 mAh/g at 0.1C current density and capacity retention of 78% after 300 charge/discharge cycles (current density 1C) within the voltage region of 2.7–4.3 V vs. Li/Li+.
Neurosensory Alterations in Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Window to Neurological Impairments Associated to Preterm Birth
Authors: Lucchesi Martina , Marracci Silvia , Amato Rosario , Filippi Luca , Cammalleri Maurizio , Dal Monte Massimo
Published: July 2022

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the main blinding diseases affecting preterm newborns and is classically considered a vascular disorder. The premature exposure to the extrauterine environment, which is hyperoxic in respect to the intrauterine environment, triggers a cascade of events leading to retinal ischemia which, in turn, makes the retina hypoxic thus setting off angiogenic processes. However, many children with a history of ROP show persistent vision impairment, and there is evidence of an association between ROP and neurosensory disabilities. This is not surprising given the strict relationship between neuronal function and an adequate blood supply. In the present work, we revised literature data evidencing to what extent ROP can be considered a neurodegenerative disease, also taking advantage from data obtained in preclinical models of ROP. The involvement of different retinal cell populations in triggering the neuronal damage in ROP was described along with the neurological outcomes associated to ROP. The situation of ROP in Italy was assessed as well.
The Involvement of Neutrophils in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chaney Shelby , Vergara Rosemary , Qiryaqoz Zeena , Suggs Kelsey , Akkouch Adil
Published: July 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disability that significantly impairs quality of life. OA is one of the most prevalent joint pathologies in the world, characterized by joint pain and stiffness due to the degeneration of articular cartilage and the remodeling of subchondral bone. OA pathogenesis is unique in that it involves simultaneous reparative and degradative mechanisms. Low-grade inflammation as opposed to high-grade allows for this coexistence. Previously, macrophages and T cells have been identified as playing major roles in the inflammation and destruction of OA joints, but recent studies have demonstrated that neutrophils also contribute to the pathogenesis. Neutrophils are the first immune cells to enter the synovium after joint injury, and neutrophilic activity is indispensably a requisite for the progression of OA. Neutrophils act through multiple mechanisms including tissue degeneration via neutrophil elastase (NE), osteophyte development, and the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. As the actions of neutrophils in OA are discovered, the potential for novel therapeutic targets as well as diagnostic methods are revealed. The use of chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPCs), microRNAs, and exosomes are among the newest therapeutic advances in OA treatment, and this review reveals how they can be used to mitigate destructive neutrophil activity.
Editorial of Special Issue “Pharmacomicrobiomics in Non-Communicable Disease”
Authors: Amedei Amedeo
Published: July 2022

The human superorganism, also known as the human holobiont, is a complex organism made up of host body as well as the bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi that live inside it along with their genes [...]
The Impact of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio after Two Courses of Pembrolizumab for Oncological Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Tomioka-Inagawa Risa , Nakane Keita , Enomoto Torai , Tomioka Masayuki , Taniguchi Tomoki , Ishida Takashi , Ozawa Kaori , Takagi Kimiaki , Ito Hiroki , Takeuchi Shinichi , Kawase Makoto , Kawase Kota , Kato Daiki , Takai Manabu , Iinuma Koji , Yokoi Shigeaki , Nakano Masahiro , Koie Takuya
Published: July 2022

We focused on the therapeutic effect of pembrolizumab for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) and evaluated predictive factors for improving clinical outcomes. We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients with mUC who received pembrolizumab. The endpoint was to evaluate the association between clinicopathological features and oncological outcomes. A total of 160 patients were enrolled in this study and were divided into two groups: the responder and the non-responder group, according to the best response. They were followed up for a median period of 10 months. The median overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in this study were 17 and 4 months, respectively. The responder group did not achieve median OS and it was 10 months in the non-responder group (p < 0.001). Similarly, the responder group did not achieve PFS, and it was 2 months in the non-responder group (p < 0.001). Regarding the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) after two courses of administration of pembrolizumab, patients with NLR < 3.24 had significantly better oncological outcomes than those with NLR ≥ 3.24. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between NLR after two courses of pembrolizumab and OS. Therefore, the absolute value of NLR after two courses of pembrolizumab was a significant predictive factor for oncological outcomes.
Effect of Celecoxib and Infliximab against Multiple Organ Damage Induced by Sepsis in Rats: A Comparative Study
Authors: Senousy Shaymaa Ramzy , El-Daly Mahmoud , Ibrahim Ahmed R. N. , Khalifa Mohamed Montaser A. , Ahmed Al-Shaimaa F.
Published: July 2022

In cases of sepsis, the immune system responds with an uncontrolled release of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. The lungs, kidneys, and liver are among the early impacted organs during sepsis and are a direct cause of mortality. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of infliximab (IFX) and celecoxib (CLX) on septic rats that went through a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery to induce sepsis. This study included four groups: sham, CLP (untreated), and CLP-treated with CLX or IFX. The administration of “low dose” CLX or IFX was performed after 2 h following the induction of sepsis. Twenty-four hours following the induction of sepsis, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected to evaluate kidney, liver, and lung injuries. MDA and NOx content, in addition to SOD activity and GSH levels, were evaluated in the tissue homogenates of each group. Tissue samples were also investigated histopathologically. In a separate experiment, the same groups were employed to evaluate the survival of septic rats in a 7-day observation period. The results of this study showed that treatment with either CLX or IFX ameliorated the three organs’ damage compared to septic-untreated rats, decreased oxidative stress, enhanced the antioxidant defense, and reduced serum cytokines. As a result, a higher survival rate resulted: 62.5% and 37.5% after the administration of CLX and IFX, respectively, compared to 0% in the CLP group after 7 days. No significant differences were observed between the two agents in all measured parameters. Histopathological examination confirmed the observed results. In conclusion, CLX and IFX ameliorated lung, kidney, and liver injuries associated with sepsis through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, which correlated to the increase in survival observed with both of them.
Treatment Response Predictors of Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Sato Yasushi , Okamoto Koichi , Kawaguchi Tomoyuki , Nakamura Fumika , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Takayama Tetsuji
Published: July 2022

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) has been recognized as an effective therapeutic option because it is expected to improve the curative resection rate by reducing the tumor size and preventing recurrence of micrometastases. However, for patients resistant to NAC, not only will operation timing be delayed, but they will also suffer from side effects. Thus, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive strategy and select patients sensitive to NAC. However, the therapeutic effect of NAC is unpredictable due to tumor heterogeneity and a lack of predictive biomarkers for guiding the choice of optimal preoperative treatment in clinical practice. This article summarizes the related research progress on predictive biomarkers of NAC for gastric cancer. Among the many investigated biomarkers, metabolic enzymes for cytotoxic agents, nucleotide excision repair, and microsatellite instability, have shown promising results and should be assessed in prospective clinical trials. Noninvasive liquid biopsy detection, including miRNA and exosome detection, is also a promising strategy.
Beyond Structure-Function: Getting at Sustainability within Biomimicry Pedagogy
Authors: Linder Benjamin , Huang Jean
Published: July 2022

Biomimicry practice and pedagogy unify biology and design for problem solving inspired by nature. Pedagogy that supports biomimicry practice can facilitate the development of novel solutions to address societal needs and challenges. Even though biomimicry affords the possibility to address sustainability, its current practice does not necessarily lead to doing so, which can result in exploitation of nature and increased unsustainability. Recognition of this risk exists but is not yet widespread in biomimicry pedagogy, and few structured methodologies are available to support learner’s efforts towards sustainability. The difficulties associated with incorporating sustainability within biomimicry are numerous and varied. In this report, we contribute to an understanding of incorporating sustainability in teaching and learning. We describe a pedagogical framing and conceptual scaffolding developed and used to bring sustainability into a biomimicry course for design- and biology-minded engineering students that integrates available biomimicry and design language, tools, and methods. We scaffold consideration of structure-function and conditions conducive to life separately, and then unify these perspectives in a way that is accessible to students. This approach centralizes sustainability in biomimicry practice and asks students to consider the ethics of design practice and responsibility to the natural world. We are encouraged by student outcomes, observing clear signs of creative systemic thinking and higher-level learning from nature. Based on pre- and post-design sprint results, students significantly shifted away from a narrower structure-function practice towards addressing conditions conducive to life. We propose that biomimicry educators and facilitators make a commitment to always include a sustainability approach within their pedagogy or explicitly acknowledge their delivery does not provide for it.
In Silico Epitope-Based Vaccine Prediction against Fungal Infection Aspergillosis
Authors: Basu Anamika
Published: July 2022

Aspergillus fumigatus is a pathogenic microorganism that causes aspergillosis due to the presence of its allergenic proteins. During the last two years, a few clinical cases have been reported where allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) has been detected in COVID-19 patients. The administration of antifungal medicine did not provide satisfactory results. It is a challenging job for medical scientists to protect mankind by designing an epitope-based vaccine against the rare disease aspergillosis. Other than twenty-three allergenic proteins, this microorganism contains an extra-cellular cellulase CelA expansin protein (Afu5g08030), which is allergenic. To design a peptide vaccine against aspergillosis, the identification of B cell and T cell epitopes is state-of-the-art technology. In our latest research, probable T cell and B cell epitopes are predicted. Molecular docking analysis of these predicted epitopes with their receptors is performed. Here, the primary sequence of the expansin protein is extracted and analyzed. Then, its secondary and tertiary structures are predicted using a homology modeling method and validated. Considering the physicochemical properties of this antigenic protein, two short stretches of peptides, namely 80KPQADEDPNASSSSSSS96 and 286DGGKTWQGTTRTS298, are predicted as linear B cell epitopes. Similarly, based on its contacts with the highest number of alleles, the peptide sequence 221LDLFQNAFTQLADVS235 is chosen as the most possible T cell epitope for the protein present in Aspergillus fumigatus with the highest binding energy for MHC II allele HLA-DRB1* 01: 01. Considering the binding energy of the B cell epitope with IgE, the second epitope 286DGGKTWQGTTRTS298 is designated as the most potential epitope of B cells for this protein. Docking studies were performed with the T cell epitope with the human ternary complex of T cell receptor, CD4 receptor, and peptide-MHC II molecule (PDB ID 3T0E) with a binding energy of −192 Kcal/mole. For peptide-based vaccines, the proposed B cell and T cell epitopes may be used against aspergillosis after further experimental analysis.
Portable, Disposable, Biomimetic Electrochemical Sensors for Analyte Detection in a Single Drop of Whole Blood
Authors: Pradhan Sayantan , Albin Shane , Heise Rebecca L. , Yadavalli Vamsi K.
Published: July 2022

Current diagnostics call for rapid, sensitive, and selective screening of physiologically important biomarkers. Point-of-care (POC) devices for the rapid, reliable, and easy acquisition of bioinformation at, or near the patient, offer opportunities for better healthcare management. Electrochemical biosensors with high sensitivity and ease of miniaturization are advantageous for such applications. We report a photolithographically micropatterned PEDOT:PSS and silk protein-based fully organic 3-electrode sensor (O3ES) for ultralow volume (single drop—10 µL) detection of analytes in whole blood. The O3ES produces reliable electrochemical signals in whole blood from a mouse model with minimal biofouling interference. The O3ES is demonstrated as a portable device for the simultaneous detection of dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid using voltammetry techniques. The O3ES displays excellent sensitivity towards each analyte in whole blood, and in the presence of each other. The water-based, ambient processing of the sensors allows the immobilization of enzymes in the organic working electrode. Amperometric detection of uric acid via uricase with high sensitivity in whole blood is demonstrated. Finally, the performance of the O3ES under enzymatic degradation is studied by monitoring sensitivity over an operating lifetime of ~14 days. This work demonstrates the realization of low-cost, disposable POC sensors capable of detecting blood metabolites using ultralow sample volumes.
Association between Smoking and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption, Tooth Brushing among Adolescents in China
Authors: Zhu Haihua , Zhou Huan , Qin Qin , Zhang Weifang
Published: July 2022

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between smoking, Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) consumption and tooth brushing among adolescents in China. A valid sample of 6084 middle school students from the Zhejiang province was included. Participants were questioned about smoking status, SSB consumption, tooth brushing, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Among the participants, smoking prevalence was 1.9% and nearly half of the students consumed SSBs. The demographic factors associated with smoking were gender, place of residence, and parental level of education. There are co-variations between smoking status, SSB consumption, and tooth brushing. Logistic regression showed that smoking adolescents were more likely to brush their teeth less than once per day (OR = 1.74, p < 0.05), consume soft drinks once or more per day (OR = 2.18, p < 0.01) and have a higher score on the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (OR = 1.05, p < 0.05) after adjusting for demographic factors. The findings provide compelling evidence for governments and related stakeholders to intervene in the lifestyle of adolescents. Future studies are needed to understand the interaction effects of such behaviors, and should help to inform appropriate interventions.
Mental Health in Pre-Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy: Exploring the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as a Screening Tool in a Follow-Up Study including Multi-Informants
Authors: Bjorgaas Hanne Marit , Elgen Irene Bircow , Hysing Mari
Published: July 2022

There is a high prevalence of mental health problems in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Still, knowledge regarding the trajectory of mental health problems throughout childhood and differences according to informants is lacking. There is also a need for more knowledge regarding the validity of mental health screening tools. In the present study, we assessed changes in parent-rated mental health problems in a cohort of 36 children with CP from school-starting age to pre-adolescence and differences in mental health problems according to informants. Further, we assessed the validity of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for psychiatric disorders. The study cohort was assessed using the SDQ and a child psychiatric diagnostic instrument at school-starting age and at pre-adolescence. Mean parental SDQ scores increased significantly for emotional, hyperactivity and total problems. Self-reported impact of mental health problems was significantly lower than parent-reported impact, and parents and pre-adolescents reported significantly higher mean scores than teachers for emotional problems, conduct problems and total problem scores. Validated against psychiatric disorders, the SDQ was satisfactory for screening children with CP for risk of psychiatric disorders at pre-adolescence. We recommend that mental health screening be integrated into the regular follow-up for children with CP.
Sonicated Bordetella bronchiseptica Bacterin Can Protect Dendritic Cells from Differential Cytotoxicity Caused by Doxorubicin and Vincristine and Enhance Their Antigen-Presenting Capability
Authors: Sung Ji Yun , Joo Hong-Gu
Published: July 2022

Doxorubicin (DOX) and vincristine (VC) are anti-cancer drugs commonly used for lymphoma in veterinary and human medicine. However, there are several side effects caused by these drugs. In this study, the protective effects of sonicated Bordetella bronchiseptica bacterin (sBb) on dendritic cells (DCs) damaged by two anti-cancer drugs were investigated. DCs play important roles in the innate and adaptive immunity of hosts, especially activating T cells that can suppress tumor growth. The metabolic activity of DCs significantly increased after the treatment with sBb compared to that of control DCs. In addition, there was a marked change in mitochondrial integrity between DOX-treated DC and DOX + sBb-treated DCs. Flow cytometric analysis also demonstrated that sBb upregulated the expression of the surface markers of DCs, particularly CD54. In mixed lymphocyte responses, sBb significantly increased the antigen-presenting capability of DCs. In particular, sBb increased the capability of control DCs by approximately 150% and that of VC-treated DCs by 221%. These results suggest that sBb can be used as a potential immunostimulatory agent to protect DCs from anti-cancer drug-induced damage and provide fundamental information about using a combination of DCs and vincristine in immunotherapy.
Climate Security and Its Implications for East Asia
Authors: Sekiyama Takashi
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the scientific progress of climate security studies through a literature review and discussed its risks in East Asia. Climate security refers to the protection of countries and societies from conflicts and riots caused by climate change. As climate change becomes more apparent, climate security has been vigorously debated in the international community. Climate security risks in East Asia, however, are not yet widely discussed. This literature review identified that climate change increases the risk of conflict not only through direct threats to people and societies from extreme weather events and natural disasters, but also indirectly through various pathways, such as shortages of water and other resources, outbreaks of climate migration, disruptions in food production, economic and social disturbances, and geopolitical changes. Considering the climate-conflict pathways identified by the literature review, East Asia may face (1) tensions caused by climate emigrants, (2) conflicts over loss of territories and fishery areas, (3) conflicts caused by water shortage, (4) instability caused by heavy rain and floods, and (5) geopolitical risks of rare earth sourcing, green industrial policies, and the Arctic. East Asian countries need to lower climate security risks in the region through cooperative international measures such as climate change mitigation, vulnerability reduction, and policy dialogue.
Local Officials’ Perceptions of Climate Victim Management Challenges on Bangladesh’s Southeast Coast
Authors: Chakma Kisinger , Matsui Kenichi
Published: July 2022

In Bangladesh, extreme weather events displace about one million people each year. The national government resettles these climate victims by allocating houses in so-called cluster villages. This paper examines how local disaster management officials manage the resettlement of climate victims in Bangladesh’s coastal areas. For this paper, we conducted a preliminary field work, questionnaire survey, and informal phone interviews. The questionnaire survey was conducted from March to July 2020 among 70 central government civil servants who worked as disaster management officials and played a pivotal role in local decision making for climate victim resettlement. This paper first examines how national disaster response policies were implemented in local areas before, during, and after disasters. Our questionnaire survey results show five management challenges local officials faced in managing displaced people: (1) local officials’ limited onsite experience, (2) varied impacts of natural disasters on islands and the mainland, (3) arbitrary engagement in disaster response actions, (4) lack of evacuation drills, and (5) weak coordination skills among relevant stakeholders. In particular, these challenges were acute among island officials. Our multiple regression analyses show that the respondents’ age and onsite work experience (p < 0.05) significantly affected their perceptions. Overall, these findings suggest a need to drastically improve local disaster governance capacity. This study offers insights into how countries with similar challenges may respond to climate-induced displacement in the future.
Verapamil and Its Role in Diabetes
Authors: Zimmermann Paul , Aberer Felix , Eckstein Max L. , Haupt Sandra , Erlmann Maximilian P. , Moser Othmar
Published: July 2022

Autoimmune pancreatic β-cell loss and destruction play a key role in the pathogenesis and development of type 1 diabetes, with a prospective increased risk for developing micro- and macrovascular complications. In this regard, orally administrated verapamil, a calcium channel antagonist, usually intended for use as an anti-arrhythmic drug, has previously shown potential beneficial effects on β-cell preservation in new-onset type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, observational data suggest a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes development. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not well investigated and remain widely inconclusive. The aim of this narrative review was to detail the role of verapamil in promoting endogenous β-cell function, potentially eligible for early treatment in type 1 diabetes, and to summarize existing evidence on its effect on glycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Nutritional and Nutrition-Related Biomarkers as Prognostic Factors of Sarcopenia, and Their Role in Disease Progression
Authors: Papadopoulou Sousana K. , Voulgaridou Gavriela , Kondyli Foivi S. , Drakaki Mariella , Sianidou Kyriaki , Andrianopoulou Rozalia , Rodopaios Nikolaos , Pritsa Agathi
Published: July 2022

Due to the multifactorial pathogenesis of sarcopenia, it is crucial to identify biomarkers that are risk factors for sarcopenia, and which therefore have a prognostic function. Aim: This narrative review aims to define a set of biomarkers associated with nutrition and sarcopenia. These biomarkers could contribute to individualized monitoring and enable preventive and therapeutic methods. Methods: Two electronic databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, were used. The search strategy was based on a controlled vocabulary (MeSH) and includes studies published up to February 2022. Discussion: Higher levels of serum uric acid are associated with higher handgrip strength and better muscle function in elderly people and, thus, may slow the progression of sarcopenia. Leptin, an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, promotes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn lead to sarcopenia. This makes leptin a significant indirect biomarker for physical disability and sarcopenic obesity. Additionally, creatinine is a reliable biomarker for muscle mass status because of its easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness. Vitamin D status acts as a useful biomarker for predicting total mortality, hip fractures, early death, and the development of sarcopenia. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in dietary antioxidants and their effects on age-related losses of muscle mass and function. On the other hand, 3-Methylhistidine is a valuable biomarker for detecting increased muscle catabolism, as it is excreted through urine during muscle degradation. In addition, IGF-1, whose concentration in plasma is stimulated by food intake, is associated with the loss of skeletal muscle mass, which probably plays a crucial role in the progression of sarcopenia. Conclusions: Many nutritional biomarkers were found to be associated with sarcopenia, and can therefore be used as prognostic indexes and risk factors. Nutrition plays an important role in the prevention and management of sarcopenia, affecting muscle mass, strength, and function in elderly people.
Exponentially Weighted Multivariate HAR Model with Applications in the Stock Market
Authors: Hong Won-Tak , Hwang Eunju
Published: July 2022

This paper considers a multivariate time series model for stock prices in the stock market. A multivariate heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) model is adopted with exponentially decaying coefficients. This model is not only suitable for multivariate data with strong cross-correlation and long memory, but also represents a common structure of the joint data in terms of decay rates. Tests are proposed to identify the existence of the decay rates in the multivariate HAR model. The null limiting distributions are established as the standard Brownian bridge and are proven by means of a modified martingale central limit theorem. Simulation studies are conducted to assess the performance of tests and estimates. Empirical analysis with joint datasets of U.S. stock prices illustrates that the proposed model outperforms the conventional HAR models via OLSE and LASSO with respect to residual errors.
On the Navigation, Positioning and Wireless Communication of the Companion Robot in Outdoor Conditions
Authors: Krzykowska-Piotrowska Karolina , Siergiejczyk Mirosław
Published: July 2022

The dynamic process of demographic aging is an important reason for the systematic increase in the share of people with reduced mobility in Polish society [...]