bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Credibility and Generalization of the Minimally Important Difference Concept in Dermatology
Authors: Speeckaert Reinhart , Belpaire Arno , Herbelet Sandrine , Lambert Jo , van Geel Nanja
Published: August 2022

Importance

The minimally important difference (MID) represents the point at which a difference in an outcome measure (eg, Dermatology Life Quality Index) is important enough that it warrants a change in treatment, and, to the authors’ knowledge, the robustness and limitations of MIDs have not been thoroughly evaluated in skin diseases. The MID is increasingly used in clinical trials to demonstrate that an intervention is worthwhile for patients; furthermore, MIDs also contribute to sample size calculations in clinical trials, influence treatment guidelines, and can guide clinicians to modify treatment.

Objective

To evaluate the credibility and generalization of MIDs for patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in skin disorders.

Evidence Review

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Embase for all original articles using the MID concept for skin disorders from inception to December 29, 2021. The credibility of MIDs obtained via an anchor-based approach (eg, global rating of change scale) was assessed with a previously developed credibility instrument. The validity of generalizing established MIDs to other patient groups was evaluated based on the diagnosis and the patient characteristics.

Findings

A total of 126 articles were selected, and 84 different MIDs were identified for PROMs. A total of 13 of 84 MIDs (15.5%) for PROMs displayed acceptable credibility. The anchors used had varying capacity to assess minimal important changes from a patient’s perspective and were deemed inappropriate for this purpose in 52 of 84 cases (61.9%). Correlations between the anchors and PROMs were frequently not determined (39 of 84; 46.4%). The time interval for anchor questions assessing a change in the experienced disease burden was not optimal for 10 of 32 transition anchors (>3 months), introducing potential recall bias. Previously reported MIDs were widely used to examine relevant changes in other study populations. However, the diagnosis and disease severity were different from the original MID population in 39 of 70 (55.7%) and 45 of 70 (64.3%) cases, respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this scoping review, only a minority of MIDs for PROMs demonstrated sufficient credibility in dermatology. Inappropriate generalization of previously reported MIDs to patient populations with different disease characteristics was found to be a major concern. Furthermore, the study supported the use of multiple anchors and encouraged consistent reporting of the correlation between changes in the anchor and changes in the outcome measures.
Maternal Mental Health and Infant Development During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Firestein Morgan R. , Dumitriu Dani , Marsh Rachel , Monk Catherine
Published: August 2022

Importance

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted an unprecedented need to rapidly investigate the potential consequences for maternal mental health, infant and child development, and the mother-infant relationship.

Observations

Globally, the mental health of pregnant and postpartum individuals has worsened during the pandemic regardless of infection status, and these concerning changes have disproportionally affected racial and ethnic minoritized people from underserved populations. Early indicators of infant neurobehavioral outcomes suggest that while in utero exposure to a maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection is likely negligible, limited data are available regarding the neurodevelopmental consequences for the generation of infants born during the pandemic. High maternal depression and grief during the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with lower levels of self-reported maternal-infant bonding. Yet nearly all published reports of child neurodevelopmental outcomes and dyadic functioning in the context of the pandemic rely on self-reported and parent-reported measures, which are subject to bias.

Conclusions and Relevance

In the context of prior research, and considering the paucity of research on infant neurodevelopment following prenatal SARS-CoV-2 exposure and birth during the pandemic, robust scientific investigation is needed to detect indicators of compromised early outcomes that could inform widespread assessment and accessible intervention. We simultaneously caution against reflexive apprehension regarding the generation of children born during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Robust adaptive dynamic surface control scheme for a class of single‐input and single‐output uncertain nonlinear systems in strict‐feedback form
Authors: Soukkou Yassine , Tadjine Mohamed , Nibouche Mokhtar , Zhu Quanmin
Published: August 2022

This article presents a robust adaptive dynamic surface control using σ‐modification adaptation laws for a class of single‐input and single‐output (SISO) uncertain nonlinear systems in strict‐feedback form with parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. The proposed scheme is developed by employing dynamic surface control based robust adaptive control technique. The key features of the approach are that, first, the problem of explosion of complexity inherent in the conventional adaptive backstepping control method is avoided, second, the proposed approach of σ‐modification adaptation laws gives fast and accurate parameter estimation performance, and, third, the closed‐loop signals of the system are proven to be uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) by using the Lyapunov stability theory. We show the effectiveness of our approach by simulating an electromechanical system.
Colossal Room‐Temperature Terahertz Topological Response in Type‐II Weyl Semimetal NbIrTe4
Authors: Zhang Jiantian , Zhang Tianning , Yan Luo , Zhu Chao , Shen Wanfu , Hu Chunguang , Lei Hongxiang , Luo Heng , Zhang Daohua , Liu Fucai , Liu Zheng , Tong Jinchao , Zhou Liujiang , Yu Peng , Yang Guowei
Published: August 2022

The electromagnetic spectrum between microwave and infrared light is termed the “terahertz (THz) gap,” of which there is an urgent lack of feasible and efficient room‐temperature (RT) THz detectors. Type‐II Weyl semimetals (WSMs) have been predicted to host significant RT topological photoresponses in low‐frequency regions, especially in the THz gap, well addressing the shortcomings of THz detectors. However, such devices have not been experimentally realized yet. Herein, a type‐II WSM (NbIrTe4) is selected to fabricate THz detector, which exhibits a photoresponsivity of 5.7 × 104 V W−1 and a one‐year air stability at RT. Such excellent THz‐detection performance can be attributed to the topological effect of type‐II WSM in which the effective mass of photogenerated electrons can be reduced by the large tilting angle of Weyl nodes to further improve mobility and photoresponsivity. Impressively, this device shows a giant intrinsic anisotropic conductance (σmax/σmin = 339) and THz response (Iph‐max/Iph‐min = 40.9), both of which are record values known. The findings open a new avenue for the realization of uncooled and highly sensitive THz detectors by exploring type‐II WSM‐based devices.
Dam impoundment elevates soil phosphorus and some trace elements in reservoir hydro‐fluctuation belts
Authors: Yang Dan , Xie Zongqiang
Published: August 2022

To examine the role of dam impoundment in elevating the levels of soil‐associated phosphorus (P) and trace elements in reservoir hydro‐fluctuation belts (RHB), soil samples in RHB and adjacent uplands (non‐flooded area, NFA) in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China, were collected and analyzed. Concentrations of available P, copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn) were found to be higher in RHB than in NFA (p < .05), whereas organic carbon was comparable in RHB and NFA (p > .05). The elevated levels of Cu, Cr, and Zn in RHB were probably associated the repeated drying–rewetting cycles created by the dam impoundment. The 95th percentile of the single‐factor pollution index and geo‐accumulation index in RHB were 1.29 and −0.21 for Zn, 3.21 and 1.15 for Cu and 3.37 and 1.17 for Cr. Elevated pollution potential of soil‐associated Zn, Cu, and Cr existed in RHB of the Three Gorges Reservoir.

Core Ideas

Dam impoundments decreased total C and total N concentrations in reservoir flooded soils.

Cu, Zn, and Cr concentrated in the reservoir flood areas.

Variability of Cu, Zn, and Cr was captured in single‐factor pollution index and geo‐accumulation index
Effect of reduction in brain amyloid levels on change in cognitive and functional decline in randomized clinical trials: An instrumental variable meta‐analysis
Authors: Pang Menglan , Zhu Ling , Gabelle Audrey , Gafson Arie R. , Platt Robert W , Galvin James E , Krolak‐Salmon Pierre , Rubino Ivana , de Moor Carl , Belachew Shibeshih , Shen Changyu
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Whether the reduction in brain amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque alone may substantially slow cognitive and functional decline in patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains debated.

Methods

An instrumental variable meta‐analysis was performed to infer the effect of change in positron emission tomography (PET)–measured Aβ standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) on cognitive and functional decline.

Results

Pooling data from 16 randomized trials demonstrates that each 0.1‐unit decrease in PET Aβ SUVR is associated with a reduction (95% confidence interval) by 0.09 (0.034–0.15), 0.33 (0.12–0.55), and 0.13 (0.017–0.24) point in the average change of the Clinical Dementia Rating–Sum of Boxes, the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale, and the Mini‐Mental State Examination, respectively.

Discussion

This meta‐analysis provides statistically significant evidence of a likely causal relationship between a reduction in Aβ plaque and a reduction in cognitive and functional decline in patients with AD.

Highlights

A widely cited meta‐analysis article concluded amyloid beta reduction does not substantially improve cognition.

We identified data inconsistencies in the initial publication and found new trial data.

We repeated the meta‐analysis after correcting data inconsistencies and adding new trial data.

Updated results suggested statistically significant clinical benefit of amyloid beta reduction.

Amyloid beta is a viable biological target for the treatment and prevention of AD.
Genome‐wide CRISPR‐Cas9 screen reveals a persistent null‐hyphal phenotype that maintains high carotenoid production in Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Lupish Brian , Hall Jordan , Schwartz Cory , Ramesh Adithya , Morrison Clifford , Wheeldon Ian
Published: August 2022

Yarrowia lipolytica is a metabolic engineering host of growing industrial interest due to its ability to metabolize hydrocarbons, fatty acids, glycerol, and other renewable carbon sources. This dimorphic yeast undergoes a stress‐induced transition to a multicellular hyphal state, which can negatively impact biosynthetic activity, reduce oxygen and nutrient mass transfer in cell cultures, and increase culture viscosity. Identifying mutations that prevent the formation of hyphae would help alleviate the bioprocess challenges that they create. To this end, we conducted a genome‐wide CRISPR screen to identify genetic knockouts that prevent the transition to hyphal morphology. The screen identified five mutants with a null‐hyphal phenotype—ΔRAS2, ΔRHO5, ΔSFL1, ΔSNF2, and ΔPAXIP1. Of these hits, only ΔRAS2 suppressed hyphal formation in an engineered lycopene production strain over a multiday culture. The RAS2 knockout was also the only genetic disruption characterized that did not affect lycopene production, producing more than 5 mg L−1 OD−1 from a heterologous pathway with enhanced carbon flux through the mevalonate pathway. These data suggest that a ΔRAS2 mutant of Y. lipolytica could prove useful in engineering a metabolic engineering host of the production of carotenoids and other biochemicals.
Mass spectrometry imaging technology in metabolomics: A systematic review
Authors: Gao Si‐Qi , Zhao Jin‐Hui , Guan Yue , Tang Ying‐Shu , Li Ying , Liu Li‐Yan
Published: August 2022

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful label‐free analysis technique that can provide simultaneous spatial distribution of multiple compounds in a single experiment. By combining the sensitive and rapid screening of high‐throughput MS with spatial chemical information, metabolite analysis and morphological characteristics are presented in a single image. MSI can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of metabolic profiles and it can provide visual analysis of spatial distribution information of complex biological and microbial systems. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization, laser ablation electrospray ionization and desorption electrospray ionization are commonly used in MSI. Here, we summarize and compare these three technologies, as well as the applications and prospects of MSI in metabolomics.
Increasing patient participation in oncology clinical trials
Authors: Chen Jie , Lu Ying , Kummar Shivaani
Published: August 2022

Aim

Timely recruitment of eligible participants is essential for the success of clinical trials, with insufficient accrual being the leading cause for premature termination of both oncology and non‐oncology trials.

Methods

In this paper we further elaborate on the challenges for patient participation in oncology trials from physician, patient, healthcare system, and some trial‐related perspectives.

Results

We present strategies such as use of digital healthcare technologies, real‐world data and real‐world evidence, decentralized clinical trials, pragmatic trial designs, and supportive services to increase patient participation.

Conclusions

Multifaceted measures are necessary to increase patient participation, especially for those who are under‐represented in cancer trials.
Sequential therapy with darolutamide in patients with non‐metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer resistant to enzalutamide or apalutamide
Authors: Fujmoto Saizo , Fujita Kazutoshi , Nishimoto Mitsuhisa , Hamaguchi Mamoru , Kuwahara Ken , Hashimoto Mamoru , Adomi Shogo , Minami Takafumi , Nozawa Masahiro , Yoshimura Kazuhiro , Uemura Hirotsugu
Published: August 2022

Enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide are currently recommended for patients with non‐metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC), but cross‐resistance of androgen receptor‐axis‐targeted therapies (ARAT) occurs. Because darolutamide has a distinct chemical structure to other non‐steroidal antiandrogens, it may be effective for nmCRPC patients resistant to enzalutamide or apalutamide. We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of switching to darolutamide in patients with nmCRPC. We included nine nmCRPC patients who experienced biochemical progression on enzalutamide or apalutamide and were switched over to darolutamide. Five patients (55.5%) had a PSA response >50% decline after starting darolutamide, with an average of 73% PSA decline. Median progression‐free survival was 6 months. In conclusion, an ARAT switch from enzalutamide or apalutamide to darolutamide might be effective for nmCRPC. Although the validation in a large‐scale cohort is necessary, the switch to darolutamide could be a promising therapeutic option after the progression of 1st line ARAT in nmCRPC patients.
Production of Hydrochars from Lignocellulosic Biomass with and without Boric Acid
Authors: Ercan Betül , Ajagbe Yusuf O. , Uçar Suat , Tekin Kubilay , Karagöz Selhan
Published: August 2022

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an important thermochemical process where biomass is converted into coal‐like solid products known as hydrochars. The HTC process is performed in hot‐compressed water under self‐generated pressures. In this work, the HTC of acorn shells was conducted at various temperatures and reaction times with and without boric acid (H3BO3). A high degree of carbonization occurred at 250 °C in non‐catalytic and catalytic 4‐h runs. Hydrochars obtained from non‐catalytic and catalytic runs at 250 °C consisted of spherically carbon particles with diameters ranging from 303 nm to 3.27 μm. Carbon spheres at 200 and 225 °C for 2 h were not observed. The yield and carbon content of the hydrochars were slightly increased by reuse of the process water in thermal runs without catalysts.
Predictive Models of the Steel Beam Capacity Using Artificial Intelligence – Preliminary Studies
Authors: Couto Carlos , Real Paulo Vila
Published: August 2022

Artificial intelligence based models, namely using machine learning techniques, have been widely used in different engineering fields, providing accurate, easy‐to‐apply and fast assessment tools to predict the mechanical behaviour. These models not only can be used to increase the inference about the mechanical phenomena of a certain problem but also, for example, allow to quantify the capacity of steel beams, as studied in this work. For that purpose, different models were developed and trained using machine learning algorithms, and it is demonstrated that the capacity predicted by these models surpass the accuracy given by existing analytical models, when using the results obtained with the finite element method as the baseline.
Cold‐Formed Steel Profiles with Multiple Stiffeners Effective Section Calculation Using Alternative Methodology of the EN1993‐1‐3 Standard
Authors: Carvalho C. , Prola L.C.
Published: August 2022

In this article, the use of paragraph 5.5.1 (7) is applied, only for stiffeners, and the use of the numerical results of linear stability analyses (LSA) obtained by the GBT (Generalized Beam Theory) methods is tested for the section, namely the distortional modes, relating them to the formulas currently present in EC3‐1‐3. For comparison and analysis of results, studies present in the bibliography were used that show experimental and numerical results, relevant and representative, of sections with stiffeners. In the calculation of effective sections, the Class4Section application, developed by the authors, is used to run several tests combining EC3‐1‐3 specifications and LSA results.
Open Bim Workflow for the Development of Projects with Steel Structures
Authors: García Alfonso , Gómez Amaya , Assis Paula
Published: August 2022

This article presents the development of a collaborative, multi‐disciplinary and multiuser OpenBIM workflow aimed at meeting the needs of the steel construction industry. The objective is to integrate new technologies into the project development process via a series of tools that facilitate the specialised work of technicians and allow information to be transmitted in standard digital format, reducing time and costs and avoiding a large number of problems that arise due to a lack of coordination between the project phase and the construction phase.
BARRASIM4P – A Digital Platform for the Structural Design of Cold‐Formed Steel Elements from the Company Barraferros
Authors: Carvalho André , Duivenvoorden André , Simões Ana , Grilo Carlos , Prola Luis , Gala Pedro , Martinho Ricardo
Published: August 2022

The use of cold‐formed steel sections as secondary structural elements (purlins) and primary elements of light steel framing (LSF) solutions has had a strong increase in recent years, presenting a high degree of specialization, with specific and optimized geometries for different applications, implying an increased effort for the design of steel structures. This article presents BarraSim4P – a digital platform to support structural design based on Eurocode and developed in partnership between Barraferros and Politécnico de Leiria. The platform aims to support the user in choosing sections considering specified design conditions and code actions in the structure. The platform was also validated with several tests on Barraferros sections with known results.
Human Comfort Investigation of Steel‐Concrete Composite Floors Subjected to Rhythmic Dynamic Actions
Authors: de A. C. Branco Nathalia , de Sousa Felipe Almeida , Santos da Silva José Guilherme
Published: August 2022

In the last decades, several excessive vibrations problems in buildings floors have been observed, due to human activities. Therefore, this research work investigates the dynamic structural behaviour of a steel‐concrete composite floor with total area of 315 m2, when subjected to rhythmic human actions, based on the use of different mathematical formulations in order to define the dynamic loadings. The floor numerical modelling was implemented in the finite element program ANSYS, aiming the dynamic structural response analysis. The results indicate important levels for peak accelerations values, resulting in excessive vibrations and discomfort to the building users.
Structural Performance of Cold‐Formed Steel Moment‐Resisting Frame Assembled by Bolts
Authors: Sato 1 Atsushi , Kitagawa 2 Honoka
Published: August 2022

Moment Resisting Frame is one of the framing systems used to construct the building. In this paper, the test results of the beam‐to‐column connection assembled by bolted joints are reported. The beams and columns are cold‐formed steel, and the beams are proposed to use the built‐up members composed of channel‐oriented toe‐to‐toe. Test results from the beam‐to‐column subassemblage showed a stable cyclic behaviour, and the strength deterioration occurred after the ultimate design story drift. The in‐elastic behaviour occurred only in the bolted joint region up to the design story drift level that was expected in the ultimate limit state design.
Analysis of the Global Dynamic Behavior of Metallic Adjacent Building Structures with Non‐Linear Behavior Under Structural Pounding Induced by Seismic Excitations
Authors: Folhento Pedro L. P. , de Barros Rui Carneiro , Braz‐César Manuel T.
Published: August 2022

This study aims to analyse the global dynamic behaviour of two metallic structures with equal or different heights subjected to structural collisions induced by earthquakes that represent a seismic region in Portugal. Numerical models of the structures were developed with a finite element software, and the respective non‐linear behaviour will be idealized using the fibre model at the critical regions considered. The Kelvin‐Voigt model will be used to simulate the magnitude of pounding forces. The phenomenon of structural pounding influences the dynamic response of the structures. This influence is generally more evident when structures are of different heights.
Quantification of CGRP‐immunoreactive myenteric neurons in mouse colon
Authors: Hibberd Timothy J. , Yew Wai Ping , Dodds Kelsi N. , Xie Zili , Travis Lee , Brookes Simon J. , Costa Marcello , Hu Hongzhen , Spencer Nick J.
Published: August 2022

Quantitative data of biological systems provide valuable baseline information for understanding pathology, experimental perturbations, and computational modeling. In mouse colon, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is expressed by myenteric neurons with multiaxonal (Dogiel type II) morphology, characteristic of intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs). Analogous neurons in other species and gut regions represent 5–35% of myenteric neurons. We aimed to quantify proportions of CGRP‐immunopositive (CGRP+) myenteric neurons. Colchicine‐treated wholemount preparations of proximal, mid, and distal colon were labeled for HuC/D, CGRP, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and peripherin (Per). The pan‐neuronal markers (Hu+/Per+) co‐labeled 94% of neurons. Hu+/Per– neurons comprised ∼6%, but Hu‐/Per+ cells were rare. Thus, quantification was based on Hu+ myenteric neurons (8576 total; 1225 ± 239 per animal, n = 7). CGRP+ cell bodies were significantly larger than the average of all Hu+ neurons (329 ± 13 vs. 261 ± 12 μm2, p < .0001). CGRP+ neurons comprised 19% ± 3% of myenteric neurons without significant regional variation. NOS+ neurons comprised 42% ± 2% of myenteric neurons overall, representing a lower proportion in proximal colon, compared to mid and distal colon (38% ± 2%, 44% ± 2%, and 44% ± 3%, respectively). Peripherin immunolabeling revealed cell body and axonal morphology in some myenteric neurons. Whether all CGRP+ neurons were multiaxonal could not be addressed using peripherin immunolabeling. However, of 118 putatively multiaxonal neurons first identified based on peripherin immunoreactivity, all were CGRP+ (n = 4). In conclusion, CGRP+ myenteric neurons in mouse colon were comprehensively quantified, occurring within a range expected of a putative IPAN marker. All Per+ multiaxonal neurons, characteristic of Dogiel type II/IPAN morphology, were CGRP+.
Adalimumab for the treatment of cardiac sarcoidosis with multiple arrhythmias
Authors: Li Sitong , Wang Hui , Liu Tong , Li Qifan , Yang Xiuxiu , Xiong Ran , Lv Qiang , Du Xin , Dong Jianzeng , Ma Changsheng
Published: August 2022

A 45‐year‐old male with cardiac sarcoidosis verified by cardiac biopsy presented with multiple coexisting arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia of more than 1000 episodes per 24 h, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and third‐degree atrioventricular block. He did not respond to corticosteroids dose of 20–60 mg once daily and mycophenolate mofetil dose of 1 g twice daily for 6 months. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) demonstrated inflammation and late gadolinium enhancement on right ventricular wall and interventricular septum. Positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) showed multifocal 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the heart. We replaced mycophenolate mofetil with adalimumab, a tumour necrosis factor‐α inhibitor. After 3 months, his arrhythmias improved significantly, manifesting as premature ventricular contractions of only 500 beats per 24 h and first‐degree atrioventricular block. CMR showed a significant reduction in inflammation and late gadolinium enhancement, and PET‐CT showed a complete resolution of fluorodeoxyglucose uptake.
Efficient resource allocation for hybrid nonorthogonal multiple access based heterogeneous networks beyond fifth‐generation
Authors: Ghafoor Umar , Ali Mudassar , Khan Humayun Zubair , Siddiqui Adil Masood , Naeem Muhammad
Published: August 2022

Fifth‐generation (5G) and future beyond fifth‐generation (B5G) networks will require immense capacity due to the high rise in the number of multimedia applications and mobile devices. The heterogeneous networks (HetNets) in 5G and B5G can increase the heterogeneity and network throughput because macro base station‐only (MBS‐only) networks cannot satisfy the drastic increase in capacity demands. Hybrid nonorthogonal multiple access (H‐NOMA) can accommodate the increasing number of multimedia applications and mobile devices in 5G and B5G. H‐NOMA in B5G can also improve spectral efficiency. Before this, the researchers had not considered user clustering with H‐NOMA in HetNets. This article investigates the user clustering with downlink H‐NOMA in HetNet to maximize the network throughput in 5G and B5G. The formulated mathematical problem optimizes the considered key performance indicators (KPIs), that is, users admission in clusters, users association with base stations, power allocation to users, and network throughput. At the same time, it also satisfies the minimum transmit power and data rate requirements of users. The formulated problem is a mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. We have proposed an‐optimal algorithm, that is, outer approximation algorithm (OAA) to solve the MINLP problem because the complexity of the optimal exhaustive search algorithm (ESA) increases exponentially with an increase in the number of users. H‐NOMA with user clustering in HetNet is evaluated with extensive simulations to show its effectiveness regarding network throughput in 5G and B5G. We have also considered the proposed framework in the MBS‐only network and compared its performance with HetNet. The results verify that the proposed framework in HetNet performs better than the MBS‐only network. The complexity of the‐optimal algorithm is calculated that gives‐optimal results within. We have also made a complexity analysis of the proposed OAA and ESA and concluded that the complexity of the proposed OAA algorithm is less than the ESA.
Challenges for future food systems: From the Green Revolution to food supply chains with a special focus on sustainability
Authors: Soria‐Lopez A. , Garcia‐Perez P. , Carpena M. , Garcia‐Oliveira P. , Otero Paz , Fraga‐Corral M. , Cao Hui , Prieto M. A. , Simal‐Gandara J.
Published: August 2022

Finding a food system to feed the growing worldwide population remains a challenge, especially in the current era, where natural resources are being dramatically depleted. From a historical point of view, the Green Revolution, together with biofortification and sustainable intensification, was established as a possible solution to counter hunger and malnutrition during the second half of the 20th century. As a solution, to overcome the limitations attributed to the Green Revolution, food supply chains were developed. The current food system, based on the long food supply chain (LFSC), is characterized by globalization, promoting several advantages for both producers and consumers. However, LFSC has been demonstrated to be unable to feed the global population and, furthermore, it generates negative ecological, environmental, logistical, and nutritional pressures. Thus, novel efficient food systems are required to respond to current environmental and consumers’ demands, as is the case of short food supply chain (SFSC). As a recently emerging food system, the evaluation of SFSC sustainability in terms of environmental, economic, and social assessment is yet to be determined. This review is focused on the evolution of food supply systems, starting from the Green Revolution to food supply chains, providing a significant perspective on sustainability.
The JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib downregulates the immune checkpoint protein B7H3 in multiple myeloma
Authors: Xu Ning , Yu Erin , Ng Nicole , Li Mingjie , Bujarski Sean , Hekmati Ava , Nassir Isabella , Hekmati Tara , Yu Janna , Daniely David , Wang Cathy S. , Kim Clara , Chen Haiming , Berenson James R.
Published: August 2022

We hypothesized that ruxolitinib may inhibit the immune checkpoint protein, B7H3; and, thus, investigated its effects on this immune inhibitor using multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines, bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells from MM patients and human MM LAGλ‐1A xenografts. Ruxolitinib reduced B7H3 gene and protein expression and increased IL‐2 and CD8 gene expression. These results suggest that ruxolitinib inhibition of B7H3 may restore exhausted T‐cell activity in the MM BM tumor microenvironment.
Application and performance of data mining techniques in stock market: A review
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Dharni Khushdeep
Published: August 2022

Prediction and the stock market go hand in hand. Due to the inherent limitations of traditional forecasting methods and the pursuit to uncover the hidden patterns in stock market data, stock market prediction using data mining techniques has caught the fancy of academicians, researchers, and investors. Based on a systematic review of more than 143 research studies spanning 25 years, the present paper brings to light the major issues concerning forecasting of stock markets based on data mining techniques, such as usage of data mining techniques in the stock market, input data types, single versus hybrid techniques, instruments and stock markets researched, types of software and algorithms used, measures of forecast accuracy, and performance of various data mining techniques. Emerging patterns related to various dimensions have been critically analyzed by highlighting the existing limitations and suggesting future research paradigms. This analysis can be useful for academicians, researchers and investors looking for futuristic directions in a given research domain.
MicroRNA‐454 modulates the oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via targeting NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)
Authors: Zhang Tao , Han Haiping , Zhou Yan , Liu Zhimei , Ma Tingjie , Cao Xuqing
Published: August 2022

To investigate the function of miR‐454 in ischemic stroke, this study was carried out. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury animal model and a SHSY5Y cell culture model of oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) were constructed. The effects of miR‐454 were detected by evaluating the levels of biochemical markers, gene expression, and pathophysiological markers. The results showed that NOX4 level was elevated, while miR‐454 expression was reduced in I/R brain samples and in OGD/R‐treated cells. The miR‐454 agomir declined NOX4 level and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in rats suffering from I/R. Furthermore, microRNA‐145 (miR‐454) overexpression inhibited NOX4 level and ROS production in cells treated by OGD/R and decreased luciferase activity in cells transfected with NOX4‐wild type (WT) reporter plasmid. Meanwhile, our results proved that the protected effects of miR‐454 on SH‐SY5Y cells treated by OGD/R were reversed by pcDNA‐NOX4 transfection. MiR‐454 protected animals from brain injury induced by cerebral I/R via directly regulating its target gene NOX4, illustrating a curatively potential target for treating ischemic stroke.
Grounding applied animal behavior practices in the experimental analysis of behavior
Authors: Lattal Kennon A. , Fernandez Eduardo J.
Published: August 2022

Some of the earliest applications outside the laboratory of principles derived from the experimental analysis of behavior (EAB), such as the pioneering work of Keller and Marian Breland, involved animals. This translational tradition continues to the present as EAB‐related behavior principles are applied with increasing frequency to behavior management and training practices with animals in nonlaboratory settings. Such translations, and those populations to which they are applied, benefit from a rigorous experimental analysis of practices that are promulgated in popular outlets. These translations both affirm the generality of those principles and serve as goads for laboratory and field research that can further articulate extant principles, develop new ones, and refine methods of application and assessment. This review considered several areas of basic EAB research and contemporary applied animal behavior (AAB) practices in relation to one another: (1) response establishment and maintenance, (2) response reduction and elimination, (3) chaining and conditioned reinforcement, and (4) discriminative stimulus control. Within each topic, a selection of processes and procedures in both EAB and AAB work were reviewed in relation to one another.
Ultrasound promoted three‐component synthesis of dihydroindeno[1,2‐b]pyrrole derivatives
Authors: Nasuhipur Forough , Ghasemi Zarrin , Shahrisa Aziz , Arsalani Nasser
Published: August 2022

In this work, a one‐pot three‐component reaction of ninhydrin, primary amines, and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds was investigated under various conditions to synthesis of diverse derivatives of dihydroindeno[1,2‐b]pyrroles. Catalyst‐free conditions in EtOH under ultrasound irradiation (45% of amplitude) were selected as a novel and efficient method for synthesis of these fused structures. The reactivity of different primary amines was then investigated for steric and electronic effects. Two examples of difunctional structures were also synthesized by using of 1,4‐diaminobenzene under optimum conditions with high yields. The structure of all products was characterized by spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis.
Good manufacturing procedure production of [18F]SynVesT‐1, a radioligand for in vivo positron emission tomography imaging of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A
Authors: Dahl Kenneth , Larsson Stefan , Bonn Peter , Wallin Anita , Itsenko Oleksiy , Schöll Michael
Published: August 2022

[18F]SynVesT‐1 (also known as [18F]SDM‐8 or [18F]MNI‐1126) is a potent and selective synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2A) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent. In order to fulfill the increasing clinical demand of an 18F‐labeled SV2A PET ligand, we have developed a fully automated procedure to provide a sterile and pyrogen‐free good manufacturing procedure (GMP)‐compliant product of [18F]SynVesT‐1 suitable for clinical studies in humans. [18F]SynVesT‐1 is synthesized via a rapid copper‐mediated radiofluorination protocol. The procedure was developed and established on a commercially available module, TracerMaker (ScanSys Laboratorieteknik ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark), a synthesis platform originally developed to conduct carbon‐11 radiochemistry. From ~130 GBq (end‐of‐bombardment), our newly developed procedure enabled us to prepare [18F]SynVesT‐1 in an isolated radioactivity yield of 14,220 ± 800 MBq (n = 3), which corresponds to a radiochemical yield (RCY) of 19.5 ± 0.5%. The radiochemical purity (RCP) and enantiomeric purity of each of the final formulated batches exceeded 98%. The overall synthesis time was 90 min and the molar activity was 330 ± 60 GBq/μmol (8.9 ± 1.6 Ci/μmol). The produced [18F]SynVesT‐1 was stable over 8 h at room temperature and is suitable for in vivo PET imaging studies in human subjects.
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in DIBMA Model Compounds
Authors: van Walree Cornelis A.
Published: August 2022

The structure of model compounds for the amphiphilic copolymer poly(diisobutylene‐alt‐maleic acid), DIBMA, is investigated with (gas phase) B3LYP/6‐31G** and PM7 calculations. It is found that in the monoprotonated state of the repeating unit strong (about 70 kJ mol−1) ionic hydrogen bonds are formed within the hydrogen succinate rings, which impart partial structural rigidity on the backbone of the copolymer. Based on literature pKa values of the first and second deprotonation step of the succinic acid units, it is argued that the ionic hydrogen bonds are likely to be present in aqueous solution as well. The main chain conformation depends strongly on the stereochemical configuration of the carbon atoms in the hydrogen succinate rings. The possible consequences of the hydrogen bonding for the mechanism of membrane solubilization by maleic acid‐based amphiphilic copolymers are discussed.
Dynamic analysis of the different types of elliptic cylindrical inclusions subjected to plane SH‐wave scattering
Authors: Tao Ming , Luo Hao , Wu Chengqing , Cao Wenzhuo , Zhao Rui
Published: August 2022

The complex boundary of the elliptical inclusion rendered it difficult to solve the problem of wave scattering. In this study, the steady‐state response was analyzed using the wave function expansion method. Subsequently, the Ricker wavelet was employed as the transient disturbance, and Fourier transform was used to determine the distribution of transient dynamic stress concentration around the elliptical inclusion. The effects of wave number, elliptical axial ratio, and difference in material properties on the distribution of the dynamic stress concentration around the elliptical inclusion were evaluated. The numerical results revealed that the dynamic stress concentration always appeared at both ends of the major axis and minor axis of the elliptical inclusion, and the difference in material properties between the inclusion and medium influenced the variations in the dynamic stress concentration factor with the wave number and elliptical axial ratio.
Schneller, grüner, besser – Trends in der Probenvorbereitung
Authors: Tintrop Lucie K. , Engewald Werner , Jochmann Maik A. , Schmidt Torsten C.
Published: August 2022

Immer niedrigere Nachweisgrenzen sowie störende Matrixkomponenten stellen die etablierten Methoden vor neue Aufgaben. Zudem sollen gleichzeitig der Probendurchsatz möglichst hoch und der Verbrauch organischer Lösungsmittel möglichst gering sein.
Der Karlsruher Nobelpreisträger
Authors: Mönnich Michael W. , Podlech Joachim
Published: August 2022

Im August 2022 jährt sich zum 150sten Mal der Geburtstag des bislang einzigen Karlsruher Nobelpreisträgers Richard Willstätter. Er befasste sich mit Pflanzenfarbstoffen sowie Enzymen und klärte die Struktur des Chlorophylls auf. Frustriert kehrte er dem Universitätsbetrieb den Rücken, floh vor antisemitischer Verfolgung und starb im Exil.
The rise, fall and revival of combinatorial chemistry
Authors: Dormán György
Published: August 2022

Looking back over the past 25 years, we see that combinatorial chemistry significantly increased the number of screening compounds available for drug discovery research, contributed to the development of organic synthesis as well as chemoinformatics, and accelerated technical innovation in areas including automation, purification, analytics, and logistics. Last but not least, combinatorial thinking motivated the shift from the traditional single‐compound design approach to a multiple‐compound (library) design process.
Optimistisch bleiben
Authors: Leusmann Eliza
Published: August 2022

Wie gut funktionieren Online‐Vorlesungen für Studierende, wie hat die Coronapandemie Studiendauer, ‐finanzierung und Psyche beeinflusst, was bleibt von den Veränderungen? Eindrücke von Lehrenden und Studierenden.
„Ich will mich weiterentwickeln“
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke
Published: August 2022

Marta Garijo Añorbe hat in Spanien Chemie studiert, in Dortmund promoviert und geforscht. Heute hat sie eine Führungsposition bei einem Hersteller für Temperiergeräte im fränkischen Lauda und ist weltweit unterwegs.
Communication in Science: interdisziplinärer Workshop in Jordanien
Authors: Limbach Hans‐Heinrich , Mousa Marwan , Ellouze Mohemmad , Hopf Henning , Paulus Beate
Published: August 2022

Unterstützt von der GDCh trafen sich im Juni 2022 bereits zum neunten Mal junge Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler in einem arabischen Land zu einem interdisziplinären Workshop. Dieses Mal fand die Veranstaltung an der German‐Jordanian University (GJU), Madaba, Jordanien im Vorfeld des Humboldt‐Kollegs „How to Change the World via Science“ statt.
Interview: "Erfolgreich ist etwas anderes als nützlich"
Authors: Remenyi Christian , Zbikowski Frauke
Published: August 2022

Seit November 2021 ist die Molekularbiologin Maria Leptin Präsidentin des Europäischen Forschungsrats, der bis zum Jahr 2027 über ein Budget von 16 Milliarden Euro aus dem EU‐ Programm Horizon Europe verfügt. Mit den Nachrichten aus der Chemie sprach sie über den Nutzen von Grundlagenforschung, menschliche Neugier und die Reibungen mit der Politik.
Berry‐Phase Effect in Single‐Molecule Magnets: Analytical and Numerical Results
Authors: Anaya-García Francisco Javier , Salgado-Blanco Daniel , González Gabriel
Published: August 2022

Herein, transport signatures of quantum interference on the current through a single‐molecule magnet transistor tunnel coupled to oppositely polarized leads in the presence of a local transverse and longitudinal magnetic field are theoretically and numerically investigated. These calculations are based on a density matrix approach where the ground‐state energy splitting induced by tunneling of the spin between different paths is treated with the aid of perturbation theory. Using this approach, it is shown that it is possible to use an effective Hamiltonian, which describes the Berry‐phase interference as a function of the transverse magnetic field, which completely blocks the current flow when the single‐molecule magnet is placed between oppositely polarized leads. Finally, this effective Hamiltonian is used in an open‐source Python software (QmeQ) that allows us to calculate the current through the single‐molecule magnet with oppositely polarized leads tunnel coupled to the single‐molecule magnet. The analytical results are well reproduced by numerical simulations.
Photoluminescence Dynamics of MAPI Perovskite Films Induced by Lateral Electric Field
Authors: Driukas Simonas , Rutkauskas Danielis , Franckevičius Marius , Chmeliov Jevgenij , Gulbinas Vidmantas
Published: August 2022

The time‐dependent behavior of perovskite devices is one of the limiting factors for wide application of these materials in sandwich‐type or lateral optoelectronic device architectures. Despite abundant research on the topic, the exact mechanisms underlying the dynamics of device performance remain elusive. Herein, photoluminescence (PL) and electric field‐induced second harmonic microscopy techniques are combined to image and identify voltage‐induced lateral dynamic processes in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite thin films. A sequence of voltage‐induced dynamic steps is observed: i) Appearance of a short‐lived bright PL next to the positive electrode; ii) formation of a moving dark PL front; iii) emergence and blinking of bright PL spots; iv) growth and subsequent decay of the bright PL spots after voltage turn off. This behavior is explained by proposing a model of varying spatial distribution of inter‐electrode electric field and the presence of two types of PL quenching defects.
A comparison of statistical methods for animal oncology studies
Authors: Zhang Tianhui , Novick Steven J.
Published: August 2022

In pre‐clinical oncology studies, tumor‐bearing animals are treated and observed over a period of time in order to measure and compare the efficacy of one or more cancer‐intervention therapies along with a placebo/standard of care group. A data analysis is typically carried out by modeling and comparing tumor volumes, functions of tumor volumes, or survival. Data analysis on tumor volumes is complicated because animals under observation may be euthanized prior to the end of the study for one or more reasons, such as when an animal's tumor volume exceeds an upper threshold. In such a case, the tumor volume is missing not‐at‐random for the time remaining in the study. To work around the non‐random missingness issue, several statistical methods have been proposed in the literature, including the rate of change in log tumor volume and partial area under the curve. In this work, an examination and comparison of the test size and statistical power of these and other popular methods for the analysis of tumor volume data is performed through realistic Monte Carlo computer simulations. The performance, advantages, and drawbacks of popular statistical methods for animal oncology studies are reported. The recommended methods are applied to a real data set.
Documenting the modeling process with a standardized data structure described and implemented in DynamicVu
Authors: Farr Warren W. , Allen Samuel D. , Tomoaia‐Cotisel Andrada , Hovmand Peter S.
Published: August 2022

Documenting the process of building a simulation model is different from documenting the simulation model itself. Good model‐building practice includes the discovery of potentially large sets of multimedia data. Organizing and documenting data and the process of collecting it has several advantages including: tightly linking data to its source and the timing of its discovery; separating source data from researcher inference (allowing for independent inspection); maintaining an evolutionary timeline; and easily sharing source data among participants and researchers. The topic of documenting models has been widely discussed. In contrast, this article proposes a data structure and its methods for documenting the process of building a simulation model. © 2022 System Dynamics Society.
Predictive signature development based on maximizing the area between receiver operating characteristic curves
Authors: Huang Xin , Tian Lu , Sun Yan , Chatterjee Saptarshi , Devanarayan Viswanath
Published: August 2022

Development of marker signatures to predict treatment benefits for a new therapeutic is an important scientific component in advancing the drug discovery and is an important first step toward the goal of precision medicine. In this article, we focus on developing an algorithm to search for optimal linear combination of markers that maximizes the area between two receiver operating characteristic curves of the new therapeutic and the control groups without assuming any parametric model. We further generalize the proposed algorithm for predictive signature development to maximize the difference of Harrel's C‐index of the new therapeutic and the control groups when the outcome of interest is time‐to‐event. The performance of this proposed method is evaluated and compared to existing methods via simulations and real clinical trial data.