bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single cell genomics reveals plastid-lacking Picozoa are close relatives of red algae
Authors: Schön Max E. , Zlatogursky Vasily V. , Singh Rohan P. , Poirier Camille , Wilken Susanne , Mathur Varsha , Strassert Jürgen F. H. , Pinhassi Jarone , Worden Alexandra Z. , Keeling Patrick J. , Ettema Thijs J. G. , Wideman Jeremy G. , Burki Fabien
Published: November 2021

The endosymbiotic origin of plastids from cyanobacteria gave eukaryotes photosynthetic capabilities and launched the diversification of countless forms of algae. These primary plastids are found in members of the eukaryotic supergroup Archaeplastida. All known archaeplastids still retain some form of primary plastids, which are widely assumed to have a single origin. Here, we use single-cell genomics from natural samples combined with phylogenomics to infer the evolutionary origin of the phylum Picozoa, a globally distributed but seemingly rare group of marine microbial heterotrophic eukaryotes. Strikingly, the analysis of 43 single-cell genomes shows that Picozoa belong to Archaeplastida, specifically related to red algae and the phagotrophic rhodelphids. These picozoan genomes support the hypothesis that Picozoa lack a plastid, and further reveal no evidence of an early cryptic endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria. These findings change our understanding of plastid evolution as they either represent the first complete plastid loss in a free-living taxon, or indicate that red algae and rhodelphids obtained their plastids independently of other archaeplastids.
Fluid migrations and volcanic earthquakes from depolarized ambient noise
Authors: Petrosino S. , De Siena L.
Published: November 2021

Ambient noise polarizes inside fault zones, yet the spatial and temporal resolution of polarized noise on gas-bearing fluids migrating through stressed volcanic systems is unknown. Here we show that high polarization marks a transfer structure connecting the deforming centre of the caldera to open hydrothermal vents and extensional caldera-bounding faults during periods of low seismic release at Campi Flegrei caldera (Southern Italy). Fluids pressurize the Campi Flegrei hydrothermal system, migrate, and increase stress before earthquakes. The loss of polarization (depolarization) of the transfer and extensional structures maps pressurized fluids, detecting fluid migrations after seismic sequences. After recent intense seismicity (December 2019-April 2020), the transfer structure appears sealed while fluids stored in the east caldera have moved further east. Our findings show that depolarized noise has the potential to monitor fluid migrations and earthquakes at stressed volcanoes quasi-instantaneously and with minimum processing.
High electron mobility in strained GaAs nanowires
Authors: Balaghi Leila , Shan Si , Fotev Ivan , Moebus Finn , Rana Rakesh , Venanzi Tommaso , Hübner René , Mikolajick Thomas , Schneider Harald , Helm Manfred , Pashkin Alexej , Dimakis Emmanouil
Published: November 2021

Transistor concepts based on semiconductor nanowires promise high performance, lower energy consumption and better integrability in various platforms in nanoscale dimensions. Concerning the intrinsic transport properties of electrons in nanowires, relatively high mobility values that approach those in bulk crystals have been obtained only in core/shell heterostructures, where electrons are spatially confined inside the core. Here, it is demonstrated that the strain in lattice-mismatched core/shell nanowires can affect the effective mass of electrons in a way that boosts their mobility to distinct levels. Specifically, electrons inside the hydrostatically tensile-strained gallium arsenide core of nanowires with a thick indium aluminium arsenide shell exhibit mobility values 30–50 % higher than in equivalent unstrained nanowires or bulk crystals, as measured at room temperature. With such an enhancement of electron mobility, strained gallium arsenide nanowires emerge as a unique means for the advancement of transistor technology.
Inferring the connectivity of coupled chaotic oscillators using Kalman filtering
Authors: Forero-Ortiz E. , Tirabassi G. , Masoller C. , Pons A. J.
Published: November 2021

Inferring the interactions between coupled oscillators is a significant open problem in complexity science, with multiple interdisciplinary applications. While the Kalman filter (KF) technique is a well-known tool, widely used for data assimilation and parameter estimation, to the best of our knowledge, it has not yet been used for inferring the connectivity of coupled chaotic oscillators. Here we demonstrate that KF allows reconstructing the interaction topology and the coupling strength of a network of mutually coupled Rössler-like chaotic oscillators. We show that the connectivity can be inferred by considering only the observed dynamics of a single variable of the three that define the phase space of each oscillator. We also show that both the coupling strength and the network architecture can be inferred even when the oscillators are close to synchronization. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.
Influence of heat generation/absorption and stagnation point on polystyrene–TiO2/H2O hybrid nanofluid flow
Authors: Masood Sadaf , Farooq Muhammad , Anjum Aisha
Published: November 2021

This article focuses on hybrid nanofluid flow induced by stretched surface. The present context covers stagnation point flow of a hybrid nanofluid with the effect of heat generation/absorption. Currently most famous class of nanofluids is Hybrid nanofluid. It contains polystyrene and titanium oxide as a nanoparticles and water as a base fluid. First time attributes of heat transfer are evaluated by utilizing polystyrene–TiO2/H2O hybrid nanofluid with heat generation/absorption. Partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equation by using appropriate transformations for heat and velocity. Homotopy analysis method is operated for solution of ordinary differential equations. Flow and heat are disclosed graphically for unlike parameters. Resistive force and heat transfer rate is deliberated mathematically and graphically. It is deduced that velocity field enhanced for velocity ratio parameter whereas temperature field grows for heat generation/absorption coefficient. To judge the production of any engineering system entropy generation is also calculated. It is noticed that entropy generation grows for Prandtl number and Eckert number while it shows opposite behavior for temperature difference parameter.
Exemplifying the next generation of antibiotic susceptibility intensifiers of phytochemicals by LasR-mediated quorum sensing inhibition
Authors: Shukla Arpit , Shukla Gaurav , Parmar Paritosh , Patel Baldev , Goswami Dweipayan , Saraf Meenu
Published: November 2021

There persists a constant threat from multidrug resistance being acquired by all human pathogens that challenges the well-being of humans. This phenomenon is predominantly led byPseudomonas aeruginosawhich is already resistant to the current generations of antibiotic by altering its metabolic pathways to survive. Specifically for this microbe the phenomenon of quorum sensing (QS) plays a crucial role in acquiring virulence and pathogenicity. QS is simply the cross talk between the bacterial community driven by signals that bind to receptors, enabling the entire bacterial microcosm to function as a single unit which has led to controlP. aeruginosacumbersome even in presence of antibiotics. Inhibition of QS can, therefore, be of a significant importance to curb such virulent and pathogenic strains ofP. aeruginosa. Natural compounds are well known for their antimicrobial properties, of which, information on their mode of action is scarce. There can be many antimicrobial phytochemicals that act by hindering QS-pathways. The rationale of the current study is to identify such natural compounds that can inhibit QS inP. aeruginosadriven by LasR, PhzR, and RhlR dependent pathways. To achieve this rationale, in silico studies were first performed to identify such natural compounds which were then validated by in vitro experiments. Gingerol and Curcumin were identified as QS-antagonists (QSA) which could further suppress the production of biofilm, EPS, pyocyanin, and rhamnolipid along with improving the susceptibility to antibiotics.
An age stratified analysis of the biomarkers in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Yao Hui , Li Chengjie , Tan Xiaodong
Published: November 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract, has a high incidence and mortality rate. Several recent studies have found that aging is associated with the increasing risk of cancer. Nevertheless, the expression status and function of age-related genes in CRC is still not well understood. In the study, we comprehensively analyzed the gene expression data of CRC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Age-related differential expression genes (age-related DEGs) in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues of CRC were further identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of age-related DEGs were performed by clusterProfiler of R. Afterwards, we used the STRING database to map the protein–protein interaction network of DEGs. We constructed prognostic model through univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses, and further evaluated their predictive power. The prognostic gene signature-related functional pathways were explored by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify key module associated with two prognostic gene signatures. Finally, we used the Metascape to perform functional enrichment analysis of genes in the key module. A total of 279 age-related DEGs were identified from the TCGA database. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the age-related DEGs were enriched in the Modulation of chemical synaptic transmission and Neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction. Moreover, we established a novel age-related gene signature (DLX2 and PCOLCE2) for overall survival in CRC, which was further predicted in both the training and validation sets. The results of GSEA demonstrated that numerous disease-related pathways were enriched in the high-risk group. We identified 43 genes related to the DLX2 and PCOLCE2 by the WGCNA co-expression network. We also found that these 43 genes were enriched in the cancer-related pathways. To sum up, the study identified an age-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients, which is conducive to the identification of novel prognostic molecular markers.
Recent advances in microscale separation techniques for lipidome analysis
Authors: Kawai Takayuki , Matsumori Nobuaki , Otsuka Koji
Published: November 2021

This review paper highlights the recent research on liquid-phase microscale separation techniques for lipidome analysis over the last 10 years, focusing on capillary liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry.
Peapod-like architectures with CuO microspheres encapsulated within MXene as a conversion electrode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Ningxuan , Liu Jianpeng , Zhang Shukang , Zhang Li , Liu Xiaojing , Wang Da , Chen Yuhui
Published: November 2021

A peapod-like CuO/Ti3C2 composite for use in lithium-ion batteries presented highly improved cyclability when CuO was incorporated into a MXene scaffold, demonstrating that MXene acts as a good conductive additive.
Enhanced electrochemical performance of Li2.72Na0.31MnPO4CO3as a cathode material in “water-in-salt” electrolytes
Authors: Xie Baowei , Sakamoto Ryo , Kitajou Ayuko , Zhao Liwei , Nakamoto Kosuke , Okada Shigeto , Albrecht Ken , Kobayashi Wataru , Okada Masaki , Takahara Toshiya
Published: November 2021

A full cell composed of ion-exchanged Li2.72Na0.31MnPO4CO3from Na3MnPO4CO3and LiTi2(PO4)3with a water-in-salt electrolyte exhibites operation voltage of approximately 1 V.
Cu nanowires modified with carbon-rich conjugated framework PTEB for stabilizing lithium metal anodes
Authors: Yang Shan , Xiao Ru , Zhang Tongwei , Li Yuan , Zhong Benhe , Wu Zhenguo , Guo Xiaodong
Published: November 2021

The carbon-rich conjugated framework PTEB is employed to modify Cu nanowire arrays for stabilizing Li anodes. A high CE (over 99%) and long lifespan (over 800 h) are achieved. The rich acetylene bonds serve as lithiophilic sites and 3D nanowire array structure promotes uniform Li+ flux.
Unprecedented superstructure in the type I family of clathrates
Authors: Yox Philip , Lebedev Oleg I. , Donadio Davide , Kovnir Kirill
Published: November 2021

Chemical bonding preferences to optimize Ba–Au, Au–As, and As–As interactions lead to a new superstructure in type I clathrate Ba8Au16As30, which exhibits ultralow thermal conductivity.
Cd-MOF: specific adsorption selectivity for linear alkyne (propyne, 2-butyne and phenylacetylene) molecules
Authors: Jin Guo-Xia , Wang Teng , Yue Tai-Xing , Wang Xiao-Kang , Dai Fangna , Wu Xiang-Wen , Liu Qi-Kui , Ma Jian-Ping
Published: November 2021

The specific recognition of APPT-Cd-MOF for linear alkyne (propyne, 2-butyne and phenylacetylene) molecules and the selective adsorption performance of Cd-MOF for C3H4/C3H6/C3H8were investigated.
The modern role of boron as a ‘magic element’ in biomedical science: chemistry perspective
Authors: Chatterjee Saurav , Tripathi Nitesh Mani , Bandyopadhyay Anupam
Published: November 2021

This article discusses in a big-picture manner popular boron chemistries that are a focus in multidisciplinary applications.
Combined fluorophore and phosphor conjugation: a new design concept for simultaneous and spatially localized dual lifetime intracellular sensing of oxygen and pH
Authors: Solomatina Anastasia I. , Chelushkin Pavel S. , Su Shih-Hao , Wu Cheng-Ham , Chou Pi-Tai , Tunik Sergey P.
Published: November 2021

Covalent conjugation of human serum albumin with pH-sensitive fluorescein and an Ir(iii) phosphorescent complex affords a biocompatible lifetime-based dual sensor.
On the efficiency of perovskite solar cells with a back reflector: effect of a hole transport material
Authors: Bonnín-Ripoll F. , Martynov Ya. B. , Nazmitdinov R. G. , Cardona G. , Pujol-Nadal R.
Published: November 2021

A thorough optical + electrical + Lambertian scattering analysis determines the optimal thickness of a perovskite thin-film solar cell revealing its high efficiency with inorganic HTMs.
The influence of the cation structure on the basicity-related polarity of ionic liquids
Authors: Weiß Nadine , Thielemann Gabi , Nagel Kevin , Schmidt Caroline H. , Seifert Andreas , Kaßner Lysann , Strehmel Veronika , Corzilius Björn , Schröder Christian , Spange Stefan
Published: November 2021

The solvatochromic ThTCF probe responds to anion coordination. Correlations of UV/Vis data from ThTCF with various basicity-related polarity scales (Kamlet-Taft β, Freire EHB, Laurence β1) allow an evaluation of their physical significance.
Controlling polymer stereochemistry in ring-opening polymerization: a decade of advances shaping the future of biodegradable polyesters
Authors: Tschan Mathieu J.-L. , Gauvin Régis M. , Thomas Christophe M.
Published: November 2021

In this review, we describe recent developments in biodegradable polymer synthesis with a focus on the use of discrete complexes and organocatalysts as active initiators for the stereocontrolled ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters.
Dynamics of photoconversion processes: the energetic cost of lifetime gain in photosynthetic and photovoltaic systems
Authors: Godin Robert , Durrant James R.
Published: November 2021

The energy cost of lifetime gain in solar energy conversion systems is determined from a breadth of technologies. The cost of 87 meV per order of magnitude lifetime improvement is strikingly close to the 59 meV determined from a simple kinetic model.
Study on the evaluation of the aging grade for industrial heat-resistant steel by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Yongsheng , Dong Meirong , Cai Junbin , Chen Yixiang , Chen Hongjie , Liu Chunyi , Yoo Jong H. , Lu Jidong
Published: November 2021

Laser ablation depth profiling and correlation analysis were used to obtain representative spectra from the metal matrix of industrial heat-resistant steel. The effects were studied of surface oxides on matrix plasma properties, and the aging grade of steel was estimated.
A visible light driven 3D hierarchical CoTiO3/BiOBr direct Z-scheme heterostructure with enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance
Authors: Wang Lijie , Li Qiang , Lu Xiaoxiao , Tian Zhenfei , He Shiwu , Zhang Jinfeng
Published: November 2021

The CoTiO3/BiOBr (CTBB) composite displays excellent photocatalytic activity because of the unique nanostructure induced efficient charge separation and transportation in interface of CoTiO3 and BiOBr.
UV-absorbing benzamide-based dendrimer precursors: synthesis, theoretical calculation, and spectroscopic characterization
Authors: Nnadiekwe Chidera C. , Nada Ahmed , Abdulazeez Ismail , Imam Mohammad R. , Janjua Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf , Al-Saadi Abdulaziz A.
Published: November 2021

Janus (J) and Twin (T) benzamide-based branched structures were synthesized and characterized using theoretical and spectroscopic methods.
An aggregation-induced emission-active bis-heteroleptic ruthenium(ii) complex of thiophenyl substituted phenanthroline for the selective “turn-off” detection of picric acid
Authors: Patra Sumit Kumar , Sen Bhaskar , Rabha Monosh , Khatua Snehadrinarayan
Published: November 2021

A bis-heteroleptic Ru(ii) polypyridine complex-based AIEgen has been developed for the selective detection of nitroaromatic explosive picric acid in aqueous media.
There is a hole in my bucky: perspective on a maverick
Authors: Wudl Fred
Published: November 2021

In this perspective Kees Hummelen's contributions to fullerene research in our group at Santa Barbara, as well as Kees’ enormous contributions to organic electronics, will be presented as a set of “vignettes”.
A review on security threats, vulnerabilities, and counter measures of 5G enabled Internet‐of‐Medical‐Things
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Kamrul , Ghazal Taher M. , Saeed Rashid A. , Pandey Bishwajeet , Gohel Hardik , Eshmawi Ala’ A. , Abdel‐Khalek S. , Alkhassawneh Hula Mahmoud
Published: November 2021

The recent advancements of Internet of Things (IoT) embedded systems, wireless networks, and biosensors those have assisted in the rapid development of implanting wearable sensors are reviewed here. The applications of the internet of medical things (IoMT) that has gained major attention as an ecosystem of connected clinical systems, computing systems, and medical sensors geared towards improving the quality of healthcare services are also reviewed here. The 5G based AI technology can revolute the perception of healthcare and lifestyle. In light of the importance of IoT platforms and 5G networks, the purpose of this proposed research work is to identify threats that could undermine the integrity, privacy, and security of IoMT systems. Also, the novel blockchain‐based approaches that can help in improving the confidentiality of IoMT network. It has been discovered that IoMT is vulnerable to various types of attacks, including denial of service (DoS), malware, and eavesdropping attack. In addition, IoMT is exposed to various vulnerabilities, such as security, privacy, and confidentiality. Despite multiple security threats, there are novel cryptographic techniques, such as access control, identity authentication, and data encryption that can help in improving the security and reliability of IoMT devices.
Modal analysis of the stator system of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with integer slot multi‐pole pair for electric vehicles
Authors: Li Xiaohua , He Wendan , Zhao Rongjian , Feng Anhui , Liu Yudong , Lu Yue
Published: November 2021

The 0‐order natural frequency resonance is the main cause of electromagnetic vibration noise in integer slot multi‐pole pair permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) for electric vehicles. To study this phenomenon, this study proposes a finite element (FE) model of the stator system based on a 48‐slot 8‐pole permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles. Based on this model, the effects of winding, frame end cover and temperature on the natural frequencies of a stator system are analysed by using the equivalent stiffness method (ESM). The simulation results show that the 0‐order natural frequency of the stator core system decreases after considering the winding varnished, and the 0‐order natural frequency is almost unaffected after considering the frame and end cover. However, the other natural frequencies increase in different degrees. In addition, the natural frequencies of the stator core decrease with the increase of temperature. The accuracy of the finite element model is verified by the modal experiment of the hammer method (HM).
Sizing approaches for solar photovoltaic‐based microgrids: A comprehensive review
Authors: Mathew Mobi , Hossain Md Shafayet , Saha Sajeeb , Mondal Som , Haque Md Enamul
Published: November 2021

In the design procedure of a PV‐based microgrid, optimal sizing of its components plays a significant role, as it ensures optimum utilization of the available solar energy and associated storage devices. This in turn ensures efficient and economic operation of the microgrid. Various approaches have been reported in the literature in order to approach the sizing problem in PV‐based microgrids. However, the existing approaches are subjective to the requirements of the microgrid and there is no unique framework for approaching the microgrid sizing problem. In this study, a comprehensive review of the existing approaches used for sizing of PV‐based microgrids with a summary of the commonly adopted design considerations has been presented. Also, the optimization problem, including the usually considered designed objectives and constraints, for PV‐based microgrid sizing have been thoroughly reviewed in this study. Furthermore, the adopted approaches for solving the optimization problem associated with the sizing of a PV‐based microgrid system available in the literature have been reviewed comprehensively. With a view to present a generic framework for the optimal sizing of a PV‐based microgrid, this study further presents a framework based on the comprehensive review of the existing literature. The developed framework will be useful for both the practising engineers and academics to understand and apply the usual practices for optimal sizing of PV‐based microgrids.
Analysis of underground river network connectivity in Barat Cave, Karst Karangbolong, Central Java, using the Artificial Tracer Test Method
Authors: Priambada Alpine Prima , Adji Tjahyo Nugroho , Haryono Eko , Agniy Romza Fauzan , Cahyadi Ahmad , Al-Ghozali Muhammad Qodri , Rahmawati Aulia Ika , Makhrizal Danung Shodikh , Putra Rakhmat Dwi , Fauzi Danang Riza , Astuti Elisabeth Supi , Setyawan Andy , Laksono Gangsar Edi , Biladi Muslih , Musthofa Faizal
Published: November 2021

The connectivity of the Barat Cave underground river system needs to be known to support the implementation of proper environmental management so that water resources can be maintained sustainably. However, the mapping of underground river paths is often hindered by conditions of narrow cave passages, a barrier blocking the flow of water (siphon), deep underground lakes, underground waterfalls, as well as paths filled with water. This research was conducted in Barat Cave, Karangbolong Karst Area. The purpose of this study is to determine the upstream-downstream connectivity system in this underground river and define the characteristics of the passageway based on quantitative analysis of the transport parameters from the tracer test results. This underground river network analysis needs to be done because previous research has never analyzed this underground river network. The research method used in this study is divided into three stages, namely the pre-field stage, the field stage, and the post-field stage. The pre-field step includes determining the location of the study, collecting secondary data, and studying the literature. The field stage consists of a hydrogeological survey to find information on the presence of caves, springs, sinking stream ponors, or luweng in the study area, instantaneous discharge measurements, and tracer tests. The post-field stage includes data processing and analysis. The results showed that the Barat underground river system originated from the Kalimas sinking stream, Mblabak Cave, Pendok Cave, and Pagilangan sinking streams, then merged into a single tunnel without a flow breaker to the Barat Cave, Pengantin Cave, and appeared in the Kalikarak springs to become a surface river, with a tunnel pattern in the form of curvilinear branchwork. The transport parameters for the underground system tracing of the Barat cave have an advection value of 86.528 m/hour, a dispersion of 0.092 m2/second, a dispersivity of 3.38 meters, and a recovery of 63%. The transport value of the tracing test parameter is influenced by the characteristics of the passageway and underground river flow conditions.
Laundry wastewater characteristics and their relationship with river water quality as an indicator of water pollution. Case study: Code Watershed, Yogyakarta
Authors: Jayanto Galih Dwi , Widyastuti Margaretha , Hadi M. Pramono
Published: November 2021

Laundry services are rapidly becoming ubiquitous in rural and urban areas, generating high domestic waste volumes. Their growth has raised concerns about the quality of natural waters, particularly the rivers into which most laundry businesses discharge their wastewater. The research set out to study laundry wastewater characteristics and their relationship with the river water quality as water pollution indicators in Code Watershed (Indonesia). It lies in three administrative units where many human activities take place in the watershed’s upper to the lower reaches. BOD and COD of 25 sampled laundry businesses were analyzed descriptively and compared to the laundry wastewater standards stipulated in Regulation No. 7 of 2016 and the class II water quality standards issued in Governor Regulation No. 20 of 2008. The results showed that the BOD of four laundry businesses and the COD of 18 laundry businesses exceeded the predetermined standards. Overall, rivers in Code Watershed meet the class II river water criteria for BOD at three of the seven sampling points and COD at all points.
Geomorphology of the small island of Tidore and Hiri (North Maluku, Indonesia)
Authors: Mutaqin Bachtiar W , Marfai Muh Aris , Hadmoko Danang Sri , Lavigne Franck , Faral Audrey , Wijayanti Helvetia , Riasasi Widiyana
Published: November 2021

Tidore and Hiri Islands in North Maluku Province is the result of a complex tectonic setting. In contrast with Ternate Island and its well-known volcano, Gamalama volcano, there is still a lack of research about volcanic information or volcanic landform in Tidore and Hiri Islands. Even though the two islands also have volcanoes, i.e., Hiri and Tidore/Kiematubu volcano. This study aims to provide geomorphological information, especially in Tidore and Hiri Islands, since this information is hard to find whereas it is very important to disaster mitigation and landuse planning. We used remote sensing images, digital elevation models (DEM), and geological maps to classify geomorphological information of the small island of Tidore and Hiri in the North Maluku based on geomorphological aspects, i.e., morphology, morphogenesis, morpho-chronology, and morpho-arrangement. As a volcanic island, the slope in Tidore and Hiri Island is dominated by a slightly steep (8°-16°) and a steep slope (16°-35°), while the relief is dominated by hills and mountainous. Volcanic landforms on Tidore and Hiri Islands are characterized by relatively symmetrical cone-shaped volcanic cones, which are accumulations of falling pyroclastic material and lava ejected from magma vents. Volcanic islands include the case of Tidore and Hiri Island have radial centrifugal river flow patterns. The material on Tidore and Hiri Islands is dominated by Holocene volcanic rocks. In Tidore, there is alluvial material on the west and east coasts of the island. This study result also can be developed into more detailed geomorphological maps, or landscape evolution in a volcanic island, or spatial planning.
Spatial Distribution of Omah Alas, Tanjungsari District, Karst of Gunung Sewu
Authors: Reinhart Hilary , Tamimi Shabrina , Maulita Nadhine Salsa
Published: November 2021

Amid the arid characteristics and limited soil and land resources in the karst area to support the agriculture sector, the settlers in it strive and establish Omah Alas settlement as part of the adaptation and livelihood. Nevertheless, the study on the spatial distribution of Omah Alas as a unique type of settlement where every single house is scattered in a distance and located in the field is very few. This study specifically examines the spatial distribution of Omah Alas in Karst of Gunung Sewu and the factors behind it. Specifically, this study takes place at the Kemadang and Banjarejo Village, Tanjungsari District, and targets the farmers for the population and using purposive sampling aims those who spend their daily life in their field. The data are obtained using field survey, interview, and observation for the primary data and Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia (RBI) for the secondary data. Those data are analyzed using nearest neighborhood analysis and kernel density. The results show how the village setting influences the accumulation of Omah Alas while the Omah Alas spatial distribution is random due to the irregularity of landform in the study area. Land use and land ownership also affect spatial distribution.
Correlation study between physical disability and covid-19 cases in Sleman, Indonesia
Authors: Prabaswara Ihsan Weda , Samsiana Agustin Putri , Rohmah Nabilah Luthfatur , Perennia Nabiyya , Jatmiko Nasrudin Dwi , Setyoningsih Nawang , Rostika Mya Dwi , Putri Ratih Fitria
Published: November 2021

The spread of the highly infectious COVID-19 has severely impacted the global community. Population density and intense physical interaction are the catalysts of the virus spread. Many regulations were issued to halt the spread of the virus, including the limitation of people’s mobility and physical interaction. With the limitation of mobility and physical interaction, many people with disabilities are struggling to access their needs since they depend on their caregivers. The lack of inclusive policies in the health system itself also ends up deprioritizing the disabled. This article aims to identify the correlation between physical disability and COVID-19 cases and identify the spatial distribution of the correlation in Sleman regency, Indonesia. This article presents the correlation with the qualitative approach using Pearson product-moment correlation method. The data used in this article is secondary data obtained from official government agencies. The findings of this study showed that Pearson correlation between physical disability and COVID-19 cases is 0,04346 and classified as very low positive.
Determination of the Water Quality Index (NFS WQI) of water bodies in the Huasteca Potosina, Mexico
Authors: Cisneros Ontiveros Hilda Guadalupe , Medellín Castillo Nahum Andres , Cárdenas Tristán Abraham , Cárdenas Marisol Castro , Arturo Ilizaliturri Hernández César , Putri Ratih Fitria
Published: November 2021

The water quality of water bodies in Huasteca Potosina was assessed by the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NFS WQI) depending on nine water quality parameters include physical, chemical, and biological properties. The water quality obtained at the sampling site 50-90 in the NSF-WQI range shows the medium quality. Results revealed that the Moctezuma River in Tanquian de Escobedo has low water quality with a score of 50, the Tancuilin and Axtla Rivers have good water quality, and the Moctezuma River (Tampamolón Corona), Amajac River, Valles River, Panuco River, Patitos Lagoon, Plan de Iguala Lagoon were all located in medium water quality. This indicates that the water quality of the Huasteca Potosina is irregular, due to the presence of contaminating agents coming from fertilizers, pesticides, domestic water, and residual water from the communities adjacent to the rivers and lagoons, causing an environmental impact to the aquatic ecosystems of the place. However, this research shows the importance of making use of the water quality index in this region, this to relate the environmental impacts responsible for the contamination of surface water and interpret the experimental data of this water quality monitoring to facilitate decision making and consider frequent monitoring of the quality of water bodies in the Huasteca Potosina.
The Impact of Global Climate Change to Climate Condition of Bengkulu Watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Faski Gita Ivana Suci Lestari , Purnama Ignasius Loyola Setyawan
Published: November 2021

Global climate change that occurred in this century can affect the pattern of rain and increase in temperature on earth. This study aims to determine and analyze the increase in rainfall, air temperature, potential evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration in the Bengkulu watershed. For this reason, the regional rainfall is calculated using the Thiessen Polygon, the mean air temperature of the watershed based on the median elevation, potential evapotranspiration using the Thornthwaite Method and actual evapotranspiration using the basis of the difference in rainfall to potential evapotranspiration. The results showed that every year there was an increase in rainfall, air temperature, potential evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration in the Bengkulu Watershed. In the 2009-2013 period, the average annual rainfall of 3,581 mm increased to 3,641 mm in the 2014-2018 period. For air temperature, the average monthly air temperature in the Bengkulu Watershed for the 2009-2013 period was 25.8°C, while the air temperature in the 2014-2018 period was 26.1°C. This means that in a period of 5 years there is an increase in temperature of 0.3°C. Furthermore, due to the increase in air temperature, there was an increase in the average monthly potential evapotranspiration from the 2009-2013 period to the 2014-2018 period, namely from 1,493 mm to 1,537 mm, while for actual evapotranspiration there was an increase from 1,486 mm to 1,518 mm.
Business model and methods of evaluation in sustainable manufacturing
Authors: Wu Haishang
Published: November 2021

Additive manufacturing (AM) enables cost-effective and efficient production toward sustainability. However, a rigorous evaluation method is required to further investigate the measurement method and efficiency before AM can be well-positioned in sustainable manufacturing and become the industry mainstream. Cost savings play a key role in the manufacturing industry. Compared to conventional manufacturing (CM), the cost of AM is volume-independent. In contrast, CM production requires a certain volume to share the initial tooling costs to achieve cost reduction. This constraint limits CM from service on demand and leaves ambiguity in the threshold setting of that critical batch volume. In addition, the invisibility of AM advantages in cost factors blocks AM technologies from appropriate processes and affects its applications. To address these issues, this paper proposes a business model. The major issues encountered by AM are the scaling, speed, and size of products. The enhancement of cost modeling and addressing speed, scale, and size issues are the novelties of this study and provide a breakthrough in AM issues. Generic equations are derived using the convergence effect and cost–volume intersection calculation between AM and CM. Furthermore, the divide-and-conquer approach is proposed to support scaling factors and dependencies for both AM and CM. Consequently, appropriate AM technologies can be compared with the CM convergence threshold to contribute to decision-making. Next, the advantages and weaknesses of AM are identified, and a collaboration pattern is proposed to connect large enterprises, small-and medium-sized enterprises, and home-based manufacturers into an AM society. Through this society, the advantages of AM can be fully exploited, scaling and speed issues can be addressed, and AM's dominant role in sustainable manufacturing can be made feasible.
Il faut plus de femmes scientifiques dans les médias ! Journée Sciences et Médias 2021
Authors: Michaut Cécile
Published: November 2021

Organismes de recherche et journalistes doivent travailler ensemble pour une meilleure représentation des femmes dans les médias. Au-delà de l’équité, cette diversité est garante d’une meilleure science.

Après deux reports, la cinquième édition des Journées Sciences et Médias : « Femmes scientifiques à la Une ! Comment améliorer la représentation des femmes scientifiques dans les médias ? » s’est enfin tenue le 29 janvier 2021 à la Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF, site François Mitterand, Paris 13e).

Cette journée était coorganisée par la BnF, l’Association des Journalistes Scientifiques de la Presse d’Information (AJSPI), la Société Française de Physique (SFP), la Société Chimique de France (SCF), la Société Informatique de France (SIF), la Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles (SMAI) et la Société Mathématique de France (SMF).
Recent Advances in Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Reduction of Prochiral Ketones: An Update
Authors: Qin Xu-Long , Xu Li-Jun , Han Fu-She
Published: November 2021

Chiral alcohols are important synthetic intermediates and building blocks for the synthesis of drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products. Asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones has been the most investigated method for accessing chiral alcohols. In this regard, organocatalyzed asymmetric reduction, as a complementary method to transition-metal- and enzyme-catalyzed reactions, has attracted tremendous interest in the past decades due to the reactions with such catalysts being metal-free and easy to operate, and principally, the ease of recovery and the ability to reuse the catalysts. Following up on a comprehensive overview on organocatalyzed asymmetric reductions of prochiral ketones in early 2018, this short review is intended to summarize the recent progress in this area from the beginning of 2018 until the end of August 2021.

1 Introduction

2 Boron-Based Chiral Organocatalysts

2.1 Boron-Containing Chiral Schiff Base Catalysts

2.2 Chiral Alpine-Borane Catalysts

2.3 Boron-Containing Chiral Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalysts

2.4 Chiral Borate Ester–Amine Complex Catalysts

3 Phosphorus-Based Chiral Organocatalysts

3.1 Chiral Phosphoric Acid Organocatalysts

3.2 Chiral Phosphinamide and Phosphoramide Organocatalysts

4 Chiral Ionic Liquid Organocatalysts

5 Chiral-Oxazoline-Based Organocatalysts

6 Conclusion and Outlook
A software system for dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry based on UV digital micromirror device
Authors: Wang Hongxia , Jiang Wenyu , Liu Ke , Li Chunsheng , Tian Di , Zhou Zhiheng
Published: November 2021

A dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometer based on a UV digital micromirror device (UV-DMD-AFS) has been proposed by our team for attenuating spectral and scattering interferences. Software is nontrivial for the automation of component control and sample analysis in the new instrument. In this work, the software was developed using the C# programming language together with multi-threading and combined with the SQLite database, which consists of component control and data acquisition, database, wavelength initialization, and real-time interference reduction module. To realize the accurate analysis of the trace heavy metal concentration, the spectral interference was avoided by measuring the non-interference wavelength, and the scattering interference was eliminated by the real-time proportional coefficient method. The microsecond rotation speed of the DMD is the key to achieving real-time reduction. The concentration of arsenic in Water Quality (GSB 07-3171-2014) was detected to validate the practicability of the software with the concentration deviation of 0.02 ng/mL.
Transfer-free graphene-guided high-quality epitaxy of AlN film for deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes
Authors: Chang Hongliang , Shan Jingyuan , Liang Dongdong , Gao Yaqi , Wang Lulu , Wang Junxi , Sun Jingyu , Wei Tongbo
Published: November 2021

We report on quasi-van der Waals epitaxy of high-quality AlN film guided by transfer-free graphene (Gr) with low wrinkle density (LWD-Gr) on sapphire. The surface wrinkle density of LWD-Gr is greatly reduced by 94% compared to conventional Gr with high wrinkle density (HWD-Gr). Also noteworthy is that AlN nucleation islands grown on LWD-Gr exhibit better crystalline orientation consistency and more feasibility to coalesce with each other, thus forming AlN film with lower stress and dislocation density. Finally, 285 nm deep ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting diodes are fabricated on the high-quality AlN template with LWD-Gr, which shows stronger electroluminescence intensity than its counterpart without and with HWD-Gr. The insights granted by this research pave a new pathway for improving the performance of nitride-based DUV optoelectronic devices through Gr engineering.
Charge transport in semiconducting carbon nanotube networks
Authors: Zorn Nicolas F. , Zaumseil Jana
Published: November 2021

Efficient and controlled charge transport in networks of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes is the basis for their application in electronic devices, especially in field-effect transistors and thermoelectrics. The recent advances in selective growth, purification, and sorting of semiconducting and even monochiral carbon nanotubes have enabled field-effect transistors with high carrier mobilities and on/off current ratios that were impossible a few years ago. They have also allowed researchers to examine the microscopic interplay of parameters such as nanotube length, density, diameter distribution, carrier density, intentional and unintentional defects, dielectric environment, etc., and their impact on the macroscopic charge transport properties in a rational and reproducible manner. This review discusses various models that are considered for charge transport in nanotube networks and the experimental methods to characterize and investigate transport beyond simple conductivity or transistor measurements. Static and dynamic absorption, photoluminescence and electroluminescence spectroscopy, as well as scanning probe techniques (e.g., conductive atomic force microscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy), and their unique insights in the distribution of charge carriers in a given nanotube network and the resulting current pathways will be introduced. Finally, recommendations for further optimization of nanotube network devices and a list of remaining challenges are provided.
Numerical simulations of flow through a variable permeability circular cylinder
Authors: Penney Jared , Stastna Marek
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates flow through variable permeability, two-dimensional circular cylinders using a pseudospectral numerical model. Two types of permeability (K) distributions are considered: constant with a lower permeability blockage, and constant with a higher permeability duct. Boundary conditions set by external flow with high Reynolds number lead to streamwise flow asymmetry and more short length scale variability within the cylinder when compared to conditions set by potential flow. High permeability belts are observed to guide flow around regions of lower permeability, while low permeability belts are observed to impede flow from reaching areas surrounded by the low permeability region. Inward surface flux is used to quantify changes in flow through variable permeability cylinders relative to the constant permeability cylinder. For blocking cases, the relationship between ΔK/K0 and the largest possible change in relative surface flux is nearly linear. In ducting simulations, where ΔK/K0∼1 to ∼10, this relationship is no longer linear. Simple polynomial fits are derived for both situations, allowing for the calculation of the change in permeability required to achieve a given increase or reduction in inward flux. Finally, the numerical results are contrasted with theoretical perturbation results for the case of azimuthal variations in permeability, which lead to a fundamentally different pressure distribution.
Flexible memory device based on polymer ferroelectric with zinc oxide single-nanowire transistors for robust multilevel operation
Authors: Chun Young Tea , Lee Jiyoul , Chu Daping
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate a flexible ferroelectric polymer-based memory with a zinc oxide (ZnO) single-nanowire transistor; its enhanced memory properties are attributed to the limited size of the semiconducting single-nanowire, which suppresses leakage currents caused by parasitic capacitance. Memory devices based on hybrid ferroelectric field-effect transistors (Fe-FETs) exhibit an outstanding data retention time, with an on/off ratio of ∼107 for 104 s along with a highly stable endurance for 100 cycles, without drain current degradation at a readout voltage of 0.1 V. Furthermore, these enhanced characteristics lead to a robust performance, overcoming the changes in the hysteresis window caused by flexoelectricity under bending stress; thus, the flexible-polymer Fe-FET with a ZnO single-nanowire channel shows a multilevel switching behavior with three different drain current states under bending conditions.
How heterogeneity in connections and cycles matter for synchronization of complex networks
Authors: Lacerda Juliana C. , Freitas Celso , Macau Elbert E. N. , Kurths Jürgen
Published: November 2021

We analyze how the structure of complex networks of non-identical oscillators influences synchronization in the context of the Kuramoto model. The complex network metrics assortativity and clustering coefficient are used in order to generate network topologies of Erdös–Rényi, Watts–Strogatz, and Barabási–Albert types that present high, intermediate, and low values of these metrics. We also employ the total dissonance metric for neighborhood similarity, which generalizes to networks the standard concept of dissonance between two non-identical coupled oscillators. Based on this quantifier and using an optimization algorithm, we generate Similar, Dissimilar, and Neutral natural frequency patterns, which correspond to small, large, and intermediate values of total dissonance, respectively. The emergency of synchronization is numerically studied by considering these three types of dissonance patterns along with the network topologies generated by high, intermediate, and low values of the metrics assortativity and clustering coefficient. We find that, in general, low values of these metrics appear to favor phase locking, especially for the Similar dissonance pattern.