bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of The Main Effect and Total Effect of a PBPK Model Based on The Uncertainty of Individual Parameter for Treatment Planning in PSMA Therapy
Authors: Widyanugraha A. D. , Atikah N. , Hardiansyah D.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the most important physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model parameters determining the absorbed dose (AD) in prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) therapy. The extended-Sobol’ global sensitivity analysis method was used to analyze the sensitivity of the PBPK model parameters obtained from 3 patients. The investigated PBPK model parameters were the blood flow to the organs, PSMA binding rate, biological release rates, and density of organs receptor. The outputs of extended Sobol method were the main effect Si and the total effect STi of the parameter of interests for each ADs. The sampling strategy of extended Sobol has been implemented based on the mean and covariance matrix of the parameters. From the simulations, the most important parameters which determine the ADs to the kidney was the kidney receptor density (Si=0,4, STi=0,8). For tumors, it was shown that tumor receptor density was the most essential parameter (Si=0,7, STi=0,8). In conclusion, measurement of the blood flow and organ receptor densities might be of interest to improve individualized treatment of PSMA therapy.
The effect of extraction solvent polarity on cytotoxic properties of Sargassum crassifolium against B16-F10 melanoma cancer cell model
Authors: Martyasari N W R , Ardiana N , Ilhami B T K , Padmi H , Abidin AS , Sunarwidhi A L , Sunarpi H , Nikmatullah A , Widyastuti S , Prasedya E S
Published: December 2021

Abstract.The prevalence of skin cancer continues to increase from year to year. Skin cancer mainly caused bymelanin accumulation on the skin surface (hyperpigmentation) or excessive melanogenesisoccurs. The brown macroalgae S. crassifolium is one of marine natural resources which is abundant in Lombok, Indonesia coastal areas. However, information regarding its potential bioactive activities remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the effective extraction solvent for S. crassifolium for gaining optimum bioactive compounds with promising cytotoxμic activity against melanoma cell line. The three variations of the solvent used are ethanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. Some major compounds that were detected by GC-MS analysis in S. crassifolium were state as follow: n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (Methyl palmitate), Oleic Acid, Dodecanoic acid, methyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, Tetradecanoic acid, methyl ester. SEA showed the higher amount of methyl palmitate compared toS. crassifolium extracted with other solvent. Accordingly, to the major chemical constituent, SEA showed highest IC50 against melanoma cell line (61.26 ± 2.13 μg/mL) compared to SET and SNX. SEA also induced apoptosis which characterized by increase in apoptotic nuclei.
Strategy for institutional development of the regional technical implementing unit (UPTD) of regional waste landfill of NTB Province
Authors: Rahmawati I E , Warmadewanthi I D A A
Published: December 2021

The Kebon Kongok Regional Landfill (TPA) is one of the final processing sites serving West Lombok Regency and Mataram City. The Landfill is managed by the Regional Technical Implementing Unit (UPTD) of the Regional Waste Landfill of NTB Province under the Department of Environment and Forestry of NTB Province. Currently, waste services in Mataram City and West Lombok Regency have not met the sanitation target. One of the factors that affects it is the financial problem where there is no budget flexibility which often causes difficulties in handling operations, especially at the beginning and end of the year. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the institutional development strategy as an effort to increase the role of UPTD in solid waste services. The analytical method used is Force Field Analysis (FFA). Based on the FFA, it is found that the Total Weight Value (TNB) driving forces are more significant than the restraining forces; this means that UPTD of Regional Waste Landfill of NTB Province is encouraged to carry out institutional development. Therefore, the institutional development strategy is that UPTD applies for the Financial Management Pattern of Public Service Agencies (PPK-BLUD).
Small island settlement planning in Panggang island, DKI Jakarta
Authors: Suryadjaja R , Astuti W K
Published: December 2021

Despite the fact that North Jakarta has been prompted as the new frontier of development with megaprojects, artificial islands, and large-scale infrastructures, little attention is paid to the development of small islands in Kepulauan Seribu, north of Jakarta, focused on Panggang island, one of the inhabited islands in Kepulauan Seribu, among Indonesia’s densest islands. There were the three challenges to the urbanization of small islands in the Jakarta megaregion, including: population growth, land availability and reclamation, and essential infrastructure provision. Through a participatory workshop with local authorities and communities, this paper proposed a model of sustainable settlement planning in Panggang Island, based on housing need assessment and spatial structure improvement to ensure the future settlement sustainability in Panggang island. To conclude, this paper critically reflects on the engagement process with local communities and the challenges in actualizing the settlement planning proposal in Pulau Pangang.
The impact of incentives on the decision to transfer agricultural land functions to non-agricultural uses
Authors: Prayitno G , Dinanti D , Sari N , Hidayana I I , Azizi F A A
Published: December 2021

The influence of incentives on landowner’s decision-making regarding land-use change is an intriguing consideration when developing sustainable agricultural land policies. Owners of agricultural land in rural areas with varying characteristics and varying agricultural yields each year have varying views on changing or maintaining their land. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of incentives on people’s attitudes toward maintaining or selling land (land-use change from agricultural land to non-agricultural land). This study employed a descriptive analysis to calculate the impact of incentives from the government on the decision to change or keep the land. The responses of 500 respondents were categorized as follows: 20-46.67 in favor of land change, 46.67-73.33 neutral, and 73.4-100 in favor of maintaining land. The analysis revealed that additional factors influence the decision to sell or maintain the land. However, some villages seek to preserve land through government incentives.
The bulging effect and its relevance in high power laser beam welding
Authors: Artinov Antoni , Meng Xiangmeng , Bakir Nasim , Üstündağ Ömer , Bachmann Marcel , Gumenyuk Andrey , Rethmeier Michael
Published: December 2021

The present work deals with the recently confirmed widening of the weld pool interface, known as a bulging effect, and its relevance in high power laser beam welding. A combined experimental and numerical approach is utilized to study the influence of the bulge on the hot cracking formation and the transport of alloying elements in the molten pool. A technique using a quartz glass, a direct-diode laser illumination, a high-speed camera, and an infrared camera is applied to visualize the weld pool geometry in the longitudinal section. The study examines the relevance of the bulging effect on both, partial and complete penetration, as well as for different sheet thicknesses ranging from 8 mm to 25 mm. The numerical analysis shows that the formation of a bulge region is highly dependent on the penetration depth and occurs more frequently during partial penetration above 6 mm and complete penetration above 8 mm penetration depth, respectively. The location of the bulge correlates strongly with the cracking location. The obtained experimental and numerical results reveal that the bulging effect increases the hot cracking susceptibility and limits the transfer of alloying elements from the top of the weld pool to the weld root.
Hybrid additive manufacturing of hot working tool steel H13 with dissimilar base bodies using Laser-based Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Langer Lukas , Schmitt Matthias , Cuesta Aguirre Jaime , Schlick Georg , Schilp Johannes
Published: December 2021

Hybrid additive manufacturing (HAM) describes the combination of additively built structures onto a conventionally manufactured base body. The advantages of both manufacturing processes are combined in one process chain. As a result, new applications can be achieved with higher cost-effectiveness. With the Additive Manufacturing (AM) process a bonding zone is created that is comparable to a welded joint. In order to evaluate the quality and mechanical properties of the bonding zone, two steels (42CrMo4 and 25CrMo4) are investigated as base body materials with the hot working tool steel X40CrMoV5-1 (AISI H13) for the AM structure. Process parameters for Laser-based Powder Bed Fusion of X40CrMo4V5-1 are developed to achieve a crack and defect free structure as well as an optimized bonding zone in dependency of the base body material. Furthermore, the chemical and mechanical properties are examined in the as-built and heat-treated state. It is observed that a crack-free material bonding is possible and samples with relative densities above 99.5% are obtained. The size of the bonding zone depends on the material of the base body as well as post-process heat treatment. An average hardness of 600 HV1 can be achieved in the “as-built” state.
Visualization of laser back-reflection distribution during laser welding
Authors: Horník Petr , Šebestová Hana , Novotný Jan , Mrňa Libor
Published: December 2021

There are several approaches to weld quality monitoring during laser welding. Reflected laser radiation carries partial information about the welding process. Fibre lasers has usually a built-in diode to detect excessive back-reflected laser radiation to protect the laser source from damage. Reflected laser radiation measured in the laser source is compared with reflected laser radiation measured in the welding head. Moreover, coaxial high-speed imaging with a narrow bandpass filter on laser wavelength is used to visualize the reflected laser radiation. The advantage of this solution is that no additional illumination is needed and the reflected laser intensity and spatial distribution can be obtained from the image. Keyhole inlet dimensions are measured and related to the laser power. The transition between laser welding modes is studied.
A study on use of wobble features in laser welding of low alloy steel joint with butt joint configuration
Authors: Kankala Timo , Salminen Antti
Published: December 2021

Laser welding is modern digital welding process, which thanks to several advantages over traditional welding processes, is gaining ever growing role in manufacturing. The process has still some weaknesses. The better the beam quality the smaller the focal point, the actual welding tool, diameter is. Typically, because of this the welding of joints with lesser quality e.g. larger air gap is difficult or even impossible. So-called beam manipulation opens opportunities to deal with the problem. The dynamic beam manipulation gives opportunities to control the weld dimensions during the welding process by the requirements of individual locations of weld joint. This study used the two dimensional scanner to manipulate beam during welding with so called wobble function. Four different wobble configurations were tested in welding of low-alloyed steel with different joint qualities. The wobble typically made the welds wider, provided typically higher heat input and thus lowered the hardness of the joint. Wobble increased typically the root quality, but there are differences between different wobble parameters. It was possible to weld joints with wider air gaps in the selected material thickness, but the wider air gap and wobble caused finally, when wide enough the sagging of the joint.
Ultrashort-pulsed laser processing with spatial and temporal beam shaping using a spatial light modulator and burst modes
Authors: Lutz Christian , Esen Cemal , Hellmann Ralf
Published: December 2021

We report on the effect of simultaneous spatial and temporal beam shaping on the ablation rate, ablation efficiency and the resulting surface characteristics of micromachined stainless steel using ultrashort-pulsed lasers. Beam shaping and the use of pulse bursts are promising methods to allocate the over the last decades increasing laser power of ultrashort-pulsed lasers in ablation processes. While the individual effects of beam shaping and pulse bursts on the ablation characteristics have recently been examined, the combination of both has not yet been adequately investigated. Using a spatial light modulator to generate different spot distributions with up to six spots and different separations it is possible to spatially distribute the available laser power. In combination with temporal beam shaping using a 200 kHz repetition rate and pulse bursts with a 40 MHz intra-burst rate, we investigate the influences in a scanning-based process and find an increasing ablation rate and efficiency for higher fluences. Subsequently using bursts in combination with a multi-spot beam profile, we found a distinctive emergence of cone like protrusions and a smoothing effect for fluences between 1.5 J/cm² and 3 J/cm² with six spot beam profile.
Use of Construction Project Scheduling Methods in the Czech Republic
Authors: Jana Nováková , Martin Nový
Published: December 2021

This article deals with research in the field of construction project scheduling in the Czech Republic. The aim of the research was to determine the scheduling maturity within project management in selected medium-sized and large companies and the change in the use of these methods during the global COVID-19 virus pandemic. The research presented in this article consists of three consecutive steps: determining the research area and the research question, designing a research plan, conducting data collection and analysis and compiling research results. For the purposes of this research, the research question was defined as follows: How do the project management scheduling methods differ depending on the company size in the selected companies in the Czech Republic? For understanding both the context and the situation in the surveyed companies, qualitative approaches to data collection and analysis were used, particularly in-depth interviews and encoding method. This approach was chosen mainly due to the fact that in case of quantitative research, the results tend to be improved by the respondents or irrelevant respondents are questioned. The semi-structured interview questions which were created based on the findings of the current state of scientific knowledge and literary research were used for the needs of in-depth interviews. Open questions (topics) related to the respondents' experience, perceptions and opinions were created as a part of the preparation process. The aim was to get more reliable and relevant answers to the questions asked. The research, which lasted for 6 months, involved 10 medium-sized and large companies from the Czech Republic. The change in the use of scheduling methods took place mainly in medium-sized companies. Large companies emphasized scheduling even before the pandemic, medium-sized companies often neglected this area - planning was not documented, linked to other projects, suppliers or customers. The pandemic has changed this situation. Companies that participated in this research have started to understand integrated scheduling approaches and are going to invest or consider to invest in complex software solutions in the near future.
Friction Coefficient of Load-Bearing Elements of Building Technical Facilities
Authors: Hrabovský Leopold , Michalik Peter
Published: December 2021

The engineering activities in construction are a set of a wide range of activities that are performed, for example, for the purpose of the installation or mandatory replacement or modernisation of lifts. On the territory of the Czech Republic, there are standards that strictly prescribe what is required to repair and replace on an existing lift in order to ensure the greatest possible safety when riding the lift, but also the high reliability and dependability of the lift. Polyurethane lift belts were developed and used for the vertical movement of lifts at the turn of the millennium. Due to patent rights, they were reserved solely for selected manufacturers of lifts. The classic ropes with a circular cross-section are currently being replaced more and more frequently in construction engineering by flat ropes or belts due to their undisputed advantages. This paper describes the construction design and implemented equipment on which it is possible to determine, in the laboratory, the value of the rope friction coefficient in the given type of traction disc grooves. To be specific, this paper describes the friction coefficient determined in a laboratory, in dry and clean conditions, of a flat rope with a polyurethane sheath on the circumference of the traction disc. The friction coefficient values were acquired indirectly, i.e. by measuring the tractive forces in the approaching and receding rope branches on the rotating traction disc powered by an electric drive. The friction coefficient was determined from the measured values of both tractive forces during the course of a single experimental measuring through a calculation from Euler’s relation. The value of the receding force was obtained using two methods that differ from each other in the manner of attachment (by a screw or compression springs) of the end of the rope to the load-bearing construction of the measuring device. The information obtained from the experimental measurements made it possible to compare the measured values of the rope friction coefficients with the values given by the manufacturers and to make the conclusion that the method used to determine the friction coefficients and the set of laboratory activities and procedures for determining the friction coefficients on the testing equipment is suitable and usable in practice.
Letter Graphics in the Facade of a Building – Composition and Message
Authors: Lipowicz-Budzyńska Alina
Published: December 2021

The paper discusses art and communication in architecture. Façade graphics, alongside their compositional and aesthetical qualities, may also contain visual elements that are part of a message. One of the ways of sending such a message is by incorporation of letters. The article looks at preliminary research on the form and content of messages contained within façade graphics. The author analyses the objective of placing letter graphics on a façade, and how they relate to the information and message that are given. An important part of the analysis is the examination of the applied artistic means tied to the meaning, and how they relate to the building’s structure. This phenomenon was examined based on eight buildings constructed over the past two decades. In each of them, graphical techniques of digital and screen printing were used. The majority of them are located in Europe, and due to the global nature of artistic phenomena, there is no limited smaller area of research.
Strategies to Improve Urban Energy Efficiency for Urban Resilience
Authors: Gültekin Yalim
Published: December 2021

Greenhouse gas (GHG), which is a determining factor in climate change is a result of human activities, namely climate change is human-caused (anthropogenic). Cities, where 60% of the world's population of approximately 7.3 billion living today, are responsible for 60-80% consumption of energy, which is the lifeblood of intense human activities, thus at least 70% of GHG. Nevertheless, cities are the cause of climate change and other global environmental problems, as well as the innovation centres and laboratories to deal with their impact. With climate change becoming more explicit and active in the 21st century, researchers, governments and international institutions question cities’ strength/vulnerability against these problems, especially their energy production and consumption patterns that cause GHG, and they anticipate that urban resilience be the motivating force for urban policies. The widespread and effective use of renewable energy is regarded as an influential tool against climate change. However, this should be endorsed by spatial strategies. In the light of this approach, this study evaluates the urban form, building design and production technologies that are focused on energy efficiency and renewable energy use.
Real-Time Deformation Measurements Using Single Image Photogrammetry
Authors: Hideghéty Andrej
Published: December 2021

Most photogrammetric measurements are currently based on image acquisition in the field and subsequent processing in office environment with certain temporal delay. However, in some cases it is necessary to process the data real-time, or at least in-situ. Bridge load testing is an example of measurement processing directly at the place of imaging, where almost immediate information about the current state or change of the object is required. An algorithm is developed for these purposes, including a camera controlling software and a MATLAB code that identifies and quantifies the shifts of the observed points in the image plane. The observed points are in the shape of black disks on a white background. Using a horizontal camera position individual epochs are captured. Each image is immediately transferred to a computer via Wi-Fi. The MATLAB code then loads the image and binarizes it. Binarization of the image is performed by the Canny edge detector. Using normalized 2-D cross-correlation, the algorithm determines the approximate coordinates based on a target template. A function performs least squares ellipse fitting and determines the center of the target in sub-pixel accuracy, the semi-major axis, the semi-minor axis and the rotation angle of the ellipse. The target detection is executed in a while cycle loop, which compares the point coordinates from each epoch to the initial state, thus quantifying the deformations in pixels. If the next image is not yet available, the loop restarts. The deformations are calculated based on the known scale of each target. This paper presents a detailed description of the development of the algorithm, the results achieved and the proposed improvements going forward.
Comparison of the Performance Development of Construction Companies in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic: A Case Study
Authors: Vítková Eva , Kocourková Gabriela , Vaňková Lucie , Slováček Štěpán
Published: December 2021

Historically, construction has always been one of the key sectors for state economic production. It has undergone developments over the years closely related to the world economic situation. The Czech Statistical Office, which processes annual analyses of construction production and describes market development resulting from the analysis of the construction industry deals with the development of economic sectors in the Czech Republic. A set of financial indicators which provide information on the overall market situation is annually published as a part of the research of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic in the form of a corporate sector financial analysis. The performance of construction companies can be measured by various indicators. The most important performance indicator is the return on sales. This financial analysis ratio is quarterly published as a statistic within the construction sector in the national statistics published by the Ministry of Industry and Trade. The aim of the research described in the article is to compare the performance development of construction companies operating in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. 12 samples of construction companies (4 samples representing the category of small, medium-sized, and large companies) were chosen for comparison. Their return on sales was calculated on the basis of financial statements in the 2013 – 2019 period. This value was plotted in the development trend, which was subsequently compared with the national statistics. The overall comparison of the performance development of construction companies, which was quantified using macroeconomic indicators, was carried out in the South Moravian Region. The macroeconomic indicators of the South Moravian Region were also compared with the national indicators provided by the Czech Statistical Office.
Proposed Method of Distribution of Horizontal Loads on Stiffening Walls
Authors: Jasiński Radosław
Published: December 2021

Numerical methods are commonly used to determine internal forces in stiffening walls. Extreme internal forces can be easily generated not only in slab-and-wall structure, but also in the bar system. It is always time-consuming to build such a structure, thus it is not used in single- or multi-family buildings with a simple wall arrangement. Then, a simple analytical model can be used to calculate internal forces in walls. Eurocode 6 (prEN 1996-1-1:2017) does not contain specific guidelines to calculate internal forces in walls and to use numerical methods or other reliable methods. This paper presents the procedure for determining internal forces in a building with a simple wall arrangement. The proposed method is based on the division of a wall with openings into components. The results were compared with values of internal forces determined by the linear elastic FE shell model. Rotation centre (RC) of the wall plan was demonstrated to be a significant factor which, besides bending and shear stiffness, had an impact on load distribution.
Comparison of conventional and passive public utility buildings in Poland
Authors: Kołodziejczyk-Kęsoń Ada
Published: December 2021

Poland sees the increasing popularisation of sustainable housing and the growing awareness of the importance of sport development. A good physical condition of residents translates into effective work, whereas caring for the environment improves living standards. Introducing healthy lifestyle from an early age has the best results. Due to this fact in Poland every school has its own sports hall. The pilot programme to build swimming pools near every primary school was introduced in Lower-Silesian district and it is called ‘Dolnośląski Delfinek’ (Lower Silesian Little Dolphin). Swimming pool buildings are characterised by high demand for heat. Their operation burdens district budgets and indirectly every taxpayer. Those facilities are occasionally rented commercially to earn some money for maintenance expenses. The costs usually exceed the income of those buildings. The article discusses results of thermo-vision (infrared) tests and presents the analysis of the technical documentation of twenty eight public utility buildings located in Poland. The investigations encompass conventional, energy-saving and passive buildings. The conventional buildings described in the work are school swimming pools from the programme ‘Dolnośląski Delfinek’ (Lower-Silesian Little Dolphin), whereas energy-saving and passive buildings include office, industrial, hotel, educational and sports buildings (including an indoor swimming pool). This article aims to find the most effective design manner and energy-saving sports buildings construction such as swimming pools. The results obtained in the tests indicate the necessity of compliance with the energy-saving technology in the design and construction of public utility buildings. A conclusion arises that swimming pool buildings are the most suitable candidates for passive buildings.
Thermal Cracks Development Study in Newly Built Reinforced Concrete Residences
Authors: Hashmi Hymabaccus El Fez , Asish Seeboo
Published: December 2021

Concrete blocks and concrete assemblies are affected by natural physical conditions, which impacts on the durability and service life of the structures. In this paper, site data was gathered, which was used to perform a numerical and a finite element modelling to investigate the impacts of several conditions on thermal cracking in a structure. The field recorded data was used for the numerical modelling, using MATLAB software, and the finite element modelling, using ANSYS Mechanical software. It was observed that among the conditions considered, the wall ratio in the structure and formation of microcracks have significant impacts, while the age of the structure, the compressive strength of the concrete have minimal impacts, as the shifting in the curve is small. Finally, a probabilistic crack development model was made to study the potential crack development in the finite element model, which was seen to tally with observed site data, demonstrating the potential of predicting cracks development.
A Further Milestone to the Use of Natural Fibres in Concrete – Past Findings, Barriers and Novel Research Avenues
Authors: Raghoo Yashy , Ramasawmy Hareenanden , Gooroochurn Mahendra , Chummun Jaykumar , Seeboo Asish , Brown Neil
Published: December 2021

Concrete as a building material is much appraised for its good compressive strength; however, its low tensile strength makes it a quasi-brittle material. Experiments have proven that fibres such as steel and some polymeric fibres can reinforce and enhance the mechanical strength of concrete. The relatively high production cost of these fibres coupled with environmental issues for their end of life disposal and decline in mechanical strength beyond a certain fibre fraction have encouraged the use of natural fibres; particularly due to their renewability, low cost and good tensile strength. This paper reviews published literature in the field of natural fibres, their extraction methods as well as their effect on the mechanical properties of concrete. Alkaline fibre treatment to improve strength, wettability and subsequently, fibre-concrete matrix interfacial adhesion has also been discussed. As part of the research, the current authors have found that by just using untreated (raw) fibres as reinforcement in fact leads to a decline between 75 % and 90% in compressive strength tested at 8 days for 2 different fibre lengths and volume fractions, respectively. This decline in strength could be co-related with the phenomenon of fibre agglomeration as seen from microscopic analysis. As such, fibre treatment, to remove different impurities from its surface, constitutes an important step towards the manufacture of natural fibre-reinforced concrete. Furthermore, water adjustment in relation to the total water requirement of the cement, aggregates and water needed to saturate the plant fibres is an important property that requires proper control since water content has a direct impact on the workability of the concrete and can turn into a major constraint. The main challenge of the use of natural fibres in concrete is its degradation with time within the highly alkaline concrete environment. Accelerated ageing experiments for natural fibres in concrete as described in literature have confirmed this deleterious occurrence. Thus, as per findings from the current experimental works and literature, the following recommendations are proposed: natural fibre pre-processing to inhibit agglomeration, adequate water addition to cater for all the constituents of the reinforced concrete and the potential implementation of biomimicry to solve the fibre degradation problem.
Wood flooring in combination with underfloor heating systems
Authors: Kankovsky Ales , Dedic Martin
Published: December 2021

The main objective of the article is to inform about the wood flooring in combination with underfloor water heating systems. Wood is a very sensitive material that responds to its surroundings. For this reason, it is necessary to select a suitable wood, meeting the criteria of suitability for laying as flooring in combination with underfloor heating systems. It is also important to comply with the conditions of storage of wooden flooring and its installation under acceptable climatic conditions at the construction site, together with the technical regulations for the installation of wooden flooring in combination with underfloor heating systems, during the whole life cycle of the wood flooring. This article defines the basic input premise for the implementation of wooden floors in combination with underfloor heating systems, regarding the relevant technical standards and technological procedures valid in the Czech Republic. At the same time, the article describes possible failures of wooden floors in case of non-compliance with the above conditions. In the conclusion, we propose measures based on the described installation process failures of the wooden flooring in combination with underfloor heating systems, and after its use.
Research Of Influence of Horizontal Reinforcement on Compression and Shear Strength of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Masonry
Authors: Drobiec Łukasz , Jasiński Radosław , Połubiński Tomasz , Mazur Wojciech
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a research of influence of horizontal reinforcement on compressive and shear strength of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) masonry. Specimens were tested according to guidelines of EN 1052-1 and ASTM ES519-81 code in case of compression and shear test respectively. Reinforcement in the form of strips of mesh rolled out from a roll, consists of steel cords with an interwoven fiberglass roving was used. The influence of this type of reinforcement was also compared with the results of tests of AAC masonry walls without reinforcement, reinforced with truss type reinforcement and reinforced with synthetic mesh respectively.
Urban regeneration and building retrofit. A strategy towards instilling a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship
Authors: Belpoliti Vittorino , AlMheiri Reema A. , Ali Zanira A. , AlAtiq Lujain T.
Published: December 2021

The United Arab Emirates’ economy is transitioning to a knowledge-based economy by promoting innovation and research development. Supporting the UAE’s Vision at becoming among the best and most innovative nation in the world by 2071, the Government has developed frameworks that recognize the importance of innovation to an economy’s growth and development. This paper presents the results of a design research where the domain of architecture and engineering blend with economics and social studies to the serve the UAE’s vision, proposing urban solutions to launch the country in its ‘next 50’ years, with an eye for the preservation and revitalization of the exiting and valuable resources. The research project proposes a different geography of innovation and introduces urban regeneration strategies to stimulate innovative policies for the built environment of the entire UAE territory. With the intent of forming an intangible connection between the seven Emirates, the proposed intervention can be situated in every state. The study especially looks into the three neighboring Emirates or Dubai, Sharjah, and Ajman, and finally select the latter to test the introduction of strategically designed spaces in degraded (and disconnected) locations to encourage the community to innovate while at the same time reusing/refurbishing the existing resources/buildings/facilities. The specific case study involves the design of an incubator facility in an obsolete villa community in Ajman, formerly hosting locals (therefore luxurious) that now have left for better locations and cannot manage to resell their properties due to the decadence of the neighbourhood. The incubator, a building articulated in the interstitial spaces in between the villas, would reactivate the district by attracting young and innovative entrepreneurs, who settle there for both working and living, exploiting the incubator complex as a parasite of the existing villas. If successful, the project will revive the district, provide it a new brand, and create a new financial stream to self-support its gradual regeneration.
Entrance portals and gates in downtown Lodz. Closures or Openings?
Authors: Przewłocka-Sionek Renata
Published: December 2021

Entrance portals and gates are the elements of the city's architectural environment with which we commune on a daily basis, often unknowingly. Now and again they contain architectural codes that convey to us relevant information about the building or its function. Gates and Portals create an occlusive, orderly space which brings together, and at the same time divides three worlds: the street, the house, and the backyard. This article aims to show that the building entrances not only constitute its closure, but can and often are the carrier of information about the building and their functions or what is in their interior. Therefore, they are also openings to something new, often something interesting, hidden in the nooks of the buildings' architecture. In addition, portals and gates, and especially their doors, are sometimes small works of art that show extraordinary carpentry, woodcarving or metalwork craftsmanship. Others, on the other hand, do not stand out at all, but it are worth looking inside and searching for traces of splendor past and present. The entrance to a building is an important architectural element, which we use involuntarily when crossing the invisible barrier between the inside and the outside, between the private, semi-private and public zones.
Analysis of Ventilation Efficiency in the Earth Covered Magazine for Ammunition Storage Using Numerical Simulation
Authors: Zecevic Nurin , Terzic Jasmin , Zecevic Berko , Ajanovic Adis
Published: December 2021

Internal environment parameters such as temperature, relative humidity and airflow velocity in ammunition storage facilities have a significant impact on the condition and overall life of ammunition, especially on the process of ammunition degradation in situations when their values deviate from required standards for safe storage. High temperatures inside the magazine, as well as in the ammunition packaging, can have a very negative effect on the structure of ammunition and explosives, and high values of relative humidity can result in corrosion and rapid decomposition of chemical compounds. Therefore, a properly designed ventilation system should ensure that the values of internal temperature and relative humidity are within the permitted limits, which is a very important aspect of the storage process itself, so that ammunition and explosives can be completely safe and ready for transport, use and handling. Experimental studies conducted in several magazines of ammunition and explosives in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), had aim to monitor changes of environmental parameters such as temperature, relative humidity and airflow velocity. During these experimental measurements, high values of relative humidity were in these magazines observed, as well as uneven airflow in some ventilation ducks. The main cause of such measured values can be related to the inadequate performance of the natural ventilation system of the analysed magazines. Using numerical simulations (finite volume method) in the ANSYS – Fluent program, the analysis of the existing ventilation system of earth covered magazine in BiH from the aspect of airflow velocity was performed, as well as analysis of modifications that can improve airflow within the analysed magazine. The results of numerical simulation for the existing state of analysed magazine corresponded to the results of airflow measurements at certain places in the magazine. It was confirmed that the existing ventilation system does not provide proper ventilation, which further causes higher relative humidity values. The results of numerical simulation for the proposed modifications of the ventilation system have shown significantly better air circulation in the magazine, i.e. that a more efficient natural ventilation was achieved.
Indoor Air Pollution in Housing Units
Authors: Senitkova Ingrid Juhasova , Kraus Michal
Published: December 2021

Pollution and poor quality of the indoor environment is a common problem in today's residential buildings. These problems are reflected in the well-being and health of the users of these buildings. Targeted identification of the various harmful substances (pollutants) is essential for understanding the interactions of components of the internal environment for the welfare and health of building users. The Czech housing units were selected for screening investigation of indoor air quality. Measuring of indoor chemical factors was performed during the year 2019. The indoor levels of TVOC, nitrogen oxides, indoor radon, and particulate matters PM10 were measured. The results provide introduce data on indoor air quality concerning seasonal changes which were in correlation to air change rate. These results, introduced in this paper, help to understand the indoor pollutants occurrence and help to design next more focused studies.
Mathematical Modelling and Operation Simulation of the Indirect Connection Scheme of the Heating Installation and of the Consumption Hot Water Preparation in an Accumulating Stage
Authors: Tokar Danut , Toropoc Sanda Mirela , Frunzulica Rodica , Toma Petrica , Tokar Adriana
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the mathematical model and simulation of a thermal system for heating and supplying hot water to industrial or residential consumers consisting of a heat exchanger on the heating circuit and a heat exchanger provided with an accumulation tank on the domestic hot water circuit, this scheme is generally adopted in the industrial thermal points and increasingly in module-type thermal points for residential consumers. The mathematical model is based on the mathematical equations describing this system and developed using the MATLAB - Simulink program. Thus, as a result of the simulations, we can see the evolutions in time of the water temperatures on the heating circuit and the domestic hot water circuit, as well as the quantity of heat delivered by them.
Leaks, Pipe Breaks, and Preventive Maintenance
Authors: Tokar Danut , Frasie Paul , Tokar Adriana
Published: December 2021

A better understanding of leak related effects has implications for pipe rehabilitation, system economics, customer disruption, and environmental sustainability. Reducing leakage be a result of a well-suited preventive maintenance program. The purpose of this study is to inspect approximately 10% of the runouts (branch pipes) between the plumbing fixtures and the risers to estimate the extent of serious corrosion of the runouts that may cause leaks in the future. For collecting the site data for our study, we visited the building and investigated piping through 57 different access openings in 31 randomly selected apartments. These apartments were selected to allow observation of a variety of risers at varying elevations. We observed in about 20% of the runouts inspected, the remaining thickness of the steel pipe was less than 60% in the areas that we could access. The runouts are in danger of developing leaks. Because of the high potential cost of leaks and the possibility of that 20%, or 120 pipes, could leak soon, recommend replacement of all the runouts. System performance can only be reliably characterized through monitoring and analysis of relevant data. Performance monitoring is concerned with measuring system efficiency and to what extent the system is delivering the parameters what it was designed for (i.e., flow, pressure, energy, water quality, etc.).
Lighting Solutions to Improve the Valorisation and Fruition of the Parque del Retiro in Madrid
Authors: Carleo Davide , Gargiulo Martina , Scorpio Michelangelo , Ciampi Giovanni , Corniello Luigi , Spanodimitriou Yorgos , Sibilio Sergio , Chìas Pilar
Published: December 2021

The lighting design of public spaces, and in particular of green areas, is becoming a growing interest in the contemporary culture, as more and more people are starting to enjoy cities at nighttime. In this study, the lighting design for two main areas of the Parque del Retiro in Madrid (Spain), the Puerta de España and the Paseo de las Estatuas de Reyes, is discussed. Two different lighting scenarios have been designed by means of the software DIALux evo, the first one with the aim of maximise the lighting effect and the second one with the aim to optimize the energy consumption while still allowing for the enhancement of the key characteristics of the two areas. A combined lighting design solution, obtained by using the two scenarios in a weekly schedule, allowed to achieve adequate levels of illumination, an improvement in the feeling of safety in visitors while optimizing energy consumption.
Positive Energy District Replication - Case Study of the City of Trencin, Slovakia
Authors: Ondrejicka Vladimir , Hajduk Michal , Jamecny Lubomir , Husar Milan , Jasso Matej
Published: December 2021

Energy efficiency has been of the key topics for urban planning for the past few years in relation to sustainable development, resilience as well as climate change. There are many technological approaches aiming at efficient use of energy, innovative technologies and renewable sources of energy, but what is often missing is its relation to spatial planning and planning system and documentation. Horizon 2020 project Making City is striving to promote Positive Energy District (PED) planning and methodology aiming at development of new integrated strategies to address the urban energy system transformation towards low carbon cities, with the PED approach as the core of the urban energy transition pathway. It is implemented on the level of cities and city districts, having two types of areas – two lighthouse cities and six follower cities. The city of Trencin (Slovakia) is one of the follower cities where multiple urban areas have been selected to replicate the PED concept developed by the project consortium. Trencin is the eight largest city is Slovakia with a rich manufacturing history in textile and arms industry. It is currently focusing on diversified its economic activities in the sectors of tourism, innovation, culture and industry. The PED replication will involve a broader city centre area including multiple municipal buildings (schools and sports infrastructures) and residential buildings (individual housing and apartments). The following paper describes the key notions from the PED concept providing a holistic approach on harmonizing energy and urban planning for energy. It evolved from single, unintegrated, simple “building” based interventions into PED concepts looking forward to reaching energy and climate targets which will lead to an integrated energy planning. The paper further explores this PED approach in the city of Trencin, including the challenges it had to overcome during the implementation, as well as perspectives for its future development. The aim of the project further on is to create a standardized concept ready to be the core of specific urban energy transitions planning processes.