bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular epidemiology of community-onset Clostridioides difficile infections at a tertiary hospital in mainland China: A ten-year (2010-2019) retrospective study
Authors: Chen Yunbo , Bu Lihong , Lv Tao , Zheng Lisi , Gu Silan , He Jianqin
Published: September 2021

Background

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an increasingly common disease in healthcare facilities and community settings. However, there are limited reports of community-onset CDI (CO-CDI) in China. We retrospectively analyzed the molecular epidemiology of CO-CDI at a tertiary hospital over a period of 10 years.
Methods

A total of 1307 stool samples from 1213 outpatients were tested by culturing. The presence of toxin genes (tcd A, tcd B, cdtA and cdtB) were confirmed by PCR. Toxigenic strains were typed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Susceptibility to 9 antimicrobials was evaluated using the E-test.
Results

Eighty-nine of 1213 outpatients (7.3%) had CO-CDI, 4 of these patients (4.5%) had one or more recurrence, and there were 95 strains of toxigenic C. difficile. Among these strains, 82 (86.3%) had the tcdA and tcdB genes (A + B+) and 5 of these 82 strains were positive for the binary toxin genes (cdtA and cdtB); the other 13 strains (13.7%) had the tcdB gene only (A-B+). There were 15 different STs and the most prevalent were ST-54 (23.2%), ST-35 (16.8%), and ST-2 (13.7%). All strains were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin, and had low resistance to moxifloxacin and tetracycline, but had high resistance to ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and erythromycin. Twenty-three isolates (24.2%) were multidrug-resistant.
Conclusions

Outpatients with CDI were common during this period in our hospital. The C. difficile isolates had high genetic diversity. All isolates were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin, and nearly one quarter of all isolates had multidrug resistance.
Discovery of Chalcone-Based Hybrid Structures as High Affinity and Site-Specific Inhibitors Against COVID-19; a Study Based on Various Host-Based and Viral Targets
Authors: Valipour Mehdi , Irannejad Hamid
Published: September 2021

3-Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are at the forefront of attention for finding therapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID-19. In addition, proper modulation of host-based antiviral targets (HBATs) has also been highlighted by scientists as a promising approach for the suppression of the SARS-CoV-2. Previous studies indicated that some natural-based chalcones have significant inhibitory effect on the coronavirus enzymes 3CLpro and PLpro as well as modulation of some HBATs. In this study, a computational screening was performed to investigate the affinity of our compound library consisting of 757 chalcone-based structures (CHA-1 to CHA-757) for inhibiting the 3CLpro and PLpro enzymes, and also against twelve selected host-based targets. The twelve selected HBATs were chosen based on their involvement in viral reproduction. Our results indicated that CHA-12 (VUF 4819) is the most potent and a multi-target inhibitor in our chemical library over all viral and host-based targets. Correspondingly, CHA-384 and its congeners containing ureide moieties were found to be potent and selective 3CLpro inhibitors, and benzotriazole moiety in CHA-37 was found to be a main fragment for inhibiting the 3CLpro and PLpro. Surprisingly, our results were fully consistent with recent reports on the site-specific 3CLpro inhibitors. The results also indicate that the ureide and sulfonamide moieties are integral fragments for the optimum 3CLpro inhibition while occupying the S1 and S3 subsites. Finding the multi-target inhibitor CHA-12, previously reported as a LTD4 antagonist for the treatment of inflammatory pulmonary diseases, prompted us to suggest it as a concomitant antiviral agent for relieving respiratory symptoms and suppressing COVID-19 infection.
A Prediction Model for CO 2 Concrete using Regression Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Tam Vivian W. Y. , Butera Anthony , Le Khoa N. , Silva Luis C. F. , Evangelista Ana. C. J.
Published: September 2021

Concrete is a very effective material for the construction of buildings and infrastructure around the world. Unfortunately, typical concrete is a large contributor to CO2 emissions and consumption of natural reserves. CO2 Concrete allows the mitigation of these downfalls by carbonating recycled aggregate, reducing CO2 emissions, reusing crushed masonry materials and conserving virgin aggregate. CO2 Concrete can also be considered reliable as its compressive strength can be accurately predicted by both regression analysis and artificial neural networks. The artificial neural network created for this paper allow accurate prediction of the compressive strength for CO2 Concrete. The artificial neural network exhibited a strong relationship with the experimental specimens, revealing a multiple R of 0.98 and an R square of 0.95. The artificial neural network was also validated by 22 laboratory validation concrete mixes. The artificial neural network displayed an average error of 1.24 MPa or 3.43% in the validation mixes with 59% of concrete samples within 3% error and 77% being within 5% error. The successful prediction of compressive strength of CO2 Concrete can help a greater mainstream use of the green material.
Family and Developmental History of Female Versus Male Adolescents With ADHD: Disorder-specific Overlap but Few Gender Differences
Authors: Waltereit Johanna , Zimmer Jonas , Roessner Veit , Waltereit Robert
Published: September 2021

Background: Gender differences in the development of children and adolescents are well known in the psychiatric examination including the clinical diagnostic interview technique. Some gender-specific differences in behaviors of patients as assessed in the clinical examination are related to typical development and some are related to disorders. Family and developmental history is an important part of the clinical diagnostic interview. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with disorder-specific markers in family and development history. However, it is unclear to what extent ADHD-specific signs and narratives differ between female and male adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess and to compare the family and developmental history profiles of female versus male adolescents with ADHD.Methods: Data were collected using the clinical diagnostic interview technique from parents of female and male patients diagnosed with ADHD (ICD-10 F90.0, F90.1 and F98.8) between the ages of 12 and 17 years (n = 92). The two groups were matched in pairs for gender, IQ and ICD-10 diagnosis (F90.0, F90.1 and F98.8). The majority of interview data were non-metric and operationalized in three categories: 0 - normal behavior, 1 - minor pathological behavior, 2 - major pathological behavior. The two groups were compared with two-way ANOVA. Results: Female in comparison to male adolescents were reported by the parents with very few differences in items that are typical for ADHD. However, there were a few differences in items in which gender-specific differences are known regardless of ADHD. Conclusions: Our study suggests that ADHD-related items in family and developmental history, as obtained with the clinical diagnostic interview technique, appear in female compared to male adolescents more similar than different.
Can the PTV Volume Be Used to Predict the Better Solution in Manual and Automatic Planning Using the Pinnacle Treatment Planning System for Lung Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy?
Authors: Duan Yanhua , Shao Yan , Chen Hua , Wang Hao , Gu Hengle , Feng Aihui , Huang Ying , Lin Yang , Kong Qing , Xu Zhiyong
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The plan quality of the stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) plan is affected by the patient’s planning target volume (PTV). The predictability of PTV volume and cut-off points were investigated to judge the suitability of manual and automatic plans for lung SBRT patients.Methods: The manual and automatic SBRT plans were retrospectively designed using the Pinnacle 16.2 treatment planning system (TPS) for 98 lung cancer patients. the suitability of manual and automatic plans for each patient is comprehensively evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to investigate the predictability of PTV volume and determine the cut-off point. Once the cut-off point exists, all patients were divided into two groups according to this cut-off point. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed for the dosimetric comparisons between the two groups. Results: ROC analysis showed that PTV volume (AUC [Area under curve]: 0.918, p= 0.005) has diagnostic power to predict the suitability of manual and automatic plans for lung SBRT patients. The cut-off points of 22.675cc were selected for PTV volume. Regardless of some comparable results, the CI, GI, V10, and V20 of automatic plans were found to be better than manual plans below the cut-off points, and the manual plan is superior to the automatic plan in HI, GI, heart d15cc, V10, V20 above the cut-off points.Conclusion: The PTV volume of cut-off points (22.675cc) are predictive of the suitability of manual and automatic plan using Pinnacle TPS for lung SBRT patients. Automatic plans were recommended for patients with PTV volumes less than 22.675cc, and manual plans can be tried for patients with larger PTV volumes.
Fusobacterium Nucleatum Affects Cell Apoptosis by Regulating Intestinal Flora and Metabolites to Promote the Development of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yu Tingting , Ji Ling , Lou Liqin , Ye Shiqing , Fang Xiaoting , Jiang Feizhao , Lou Yongliang , Li Xiang
Published: September 2021

Background/Aims:
Intestinal flora, especially Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), can affect the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we examined the composition of intestinal flora and metabolites in the tissues, serum and feces of CRC patients.
Materials and Methods
CRC tissues, adjacent normal colonic tissues, and fecal and serum samples were collected from CRC patients who received surgical treatment between January 2018 and January 2020. Fecal and serum samples were collected from healthy individuals for comparison. In addition, fecal samples were collected from BALB/c female mice. SW480, a human CRC cell line, was utilized for in vitro studies.
Results
The abundance of Bacteroides and propionic acid concentration were decreased. The abundance of Lactobacillus and lactic acid concentration were increased in CRC tissues. KEGG pathway analysis showed that Bacteroides and Lactobacillus were related to the apoptotic pathway. Additionally, lactic acid inhibited and propionic acid promoted apoptosis among SW480 CRC cells. Similar findings were noted in the feces of Fn gavage mice. In addition, the abundances of Ruminococcus, Prevotella, and Sutterell were decreased in CRC patients. The levels of leucine and isoleucine were decreased in the serum and tumor tissues of CRC patients. Aspartate, glutamate and glutathione levels were elevated in the tissues of CRC patients only. The serum glutamine, tyrosine, valine, alanine, and histidine levels were decreased significantly.
Conclusions
Fn affected the apoptosis of CRC cells and promoted the progression of CRC by affecting the distribution of intestinal flora, which altered the concentrations of metabolites such as lactic acid, propionic acid, and amino acids.
Activating Transcription Factor 5 (ATF5) Promotes Tumorigenic Capability and Activates the Wnt/b-Catenin Pathway in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zhou Junhao , Tian Hu , Zhi Xi , Xiao Zhuoyu , Chen Taoyi , Yuan Haoyu , Chen Qi , Chen Mingkun , Yang Jiankun , Zhou Qizhao , Xue Kangyi , Guo Wenbin , Xia Ming , Bao Jiming , Yang Cheng , Duan Haifeng , Wang Hongyi , Huang Zhipeng , Zhu Ting , liu cundong
Published: September 2021

Background
In bladder cancer, up to 70% of patients will relapse after resection within 5 years, in which the mechanism underlying the recurrence remains largely unclear.
Methods
Quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were conducted. The assays of tumor sphere formation and tumor xenograft were further performed to assess the potential biological roles of ATF5 (activating transcription factor 5). Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR and luciferase activity assays were carried out to explore the potential molecular mechanism. A two-tailed paired Student's t-test, χ2 test, Kaplan Meier and Cox regression analyses, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were used for statistical analyses.
Results
ATF5 is elevated in bladder urothelial cancer (BLCA) tissues, especially in recurrent BLCA, which confers a poor prognosis. Overexpressing ATF5 significantly enhanced, whereas silencing ATF5 inhibited, the capability of tumor sphere formation in bladder cancer cells. Mechanically, ATF5 could directly bind to and stimulate the promoter of DVL1 gene, resulting in activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Conclusions
This study provides a novel insight into a portion of the mechanism underlying high recurrence potential of BLCA, presenting ATF5 as a prognostic factor or potential therapeutic target for preventing recurrence in BLCA.
Identification and validation of HSD11B2 as a biomarker for metastasis and prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Miao Shiqi , Song Jing , Wang Teng , Rao Qingmao , Tang Yongyao , Lai Jiayi , Luo Xiaoyong , Wang Huirui , Ran Longke
Published: September 2021

Background : Metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is an important cause of death. The purpose of this study was to study the key gene in the process of tumor metastasis of ccRCC.
Methods : Expression profiles of metastatic ccRCC and primary ccRCC were downloaded from the GEO database. Expression profiling and clinical data of ccRCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The R limma package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were conducted for overlapping DEGs. Verification of mRNA expression and survival analysis in the GEPIA2 database further identified the key gene. The expression of the key gene in clinical specimens was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Univariate and multivariate cox analysis were performed to determine whether the key gene was independent prognostic factor. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to identify HSD11B2 related signaling pathways. The correlations between the key gene and tumor immune infiltrates were investigated via TISIDB database.
Results ：A total of 20 DEGs were screened from GSE22541, GSE85258, and GSE105261 datasets. Enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly enriched in the extracellular matrix organization, collagen-containing extracellular matrix, extracellular matrix structural constituent, and protein digestion and absorption. Verification of mRN expression and survival analysis identified the key gene HSD11B2. qRT-PCR results showed A that HSD11B2 level was significantly down-regulated in ccRCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that HSD11B2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC patients. GSEA enrichment results showed that low expression of HSD11B2 could enrich cancer signaling pathways such as Nod-like receptor signaling pathway, cytoplasmic DNA sensing pathway and P53 signaling pathway. Immune analysis showed a significant correlation between HSD11B2 and tumor immune infiltrates in ccRCC.
Conclusions : These findings suggest that HSD11B2 may play a key role in the metastasis of ccRCC, and HSD11B2 is correlated with prognosis and tumor immune infiltrates.
Autologous osteochondral transplantation method of treatment for recurrent anterior shoulder instability
Authors: Zhang Mingtao , Yang Zhitao , Liu Jiaxin , Jia Yaofei , Zhang Guangrui , Zhou Jianping , Wu Ding , yun xiangdong
Published: September 2021

BackgroundGenerally, the treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder instability is a challenge in the orthopedics with various treatment methods. There is a high recurrence rate for those patients with high activity and glenoid bone lesion less than 20% after Bankart procedure. The authors present a novel surgical technique using autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) method for recurrent anterior shoulder instability.MethodsBetween 2019 to 2021, 7 patients (five man and two women; mean age 35.1 years (range 17–55 years)) with recurrent anterior shoulder instability and glenoid bone lesion of 20% or less were treated with AOT method. All patients were available for follow-up at a mean of 25.4 months (range, 16 to 32 months), including Rowe score, Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and 3-dimensional computed tomography examination.ResultsThe mean preoperative and postoperative Rowe score were calculated to be 25.7 ± 6.7 (range, 20–35) and 90.6 ± 2.4 (range, 85–95), respectively (p < 0.01). The mean preoperative and postoperative Oxford score were 36.4 ± 5.6 (range, 30–40) and 54.6 ± 2.4 (range, 50–57), respectively (p < 0.01). The mean preoperative and postoperative SST score were 6.9 ± 0.7 (range, 6–8) and 11.5 ± 0.7 (range, 11–12), respectively (p < 0.01). The average final forward flexion was 176° (affected shoulder), compared with 177° on the non-affected shoulder (P = 0.81). The average final abduction in external rotation was 86.6° (affected shoulder), compared with 89° on the non-affected shoulder (P = 0.31). Analysis of Computed Tomography (CT) data at an average 1 years postoperative showed that a mean glenoid bony gain of 16.7% was observed (range, 11.2%-19%, SD 3.6).ConclusionThis technique can be a useful option, particularly in patients with glenoid bone defect less than 20%. In addition, AOT technique may be considered as alternative to the Latarjet procedure. Nonetheless, further biomechanical and clinical studies are needed to determine the effect of this procedure to more commonly utilized techniques.Level of EvidenceLevel IV; Case series
Development and Evaluation of Bidirectional LSTM Freeway Traffic Forecasting Models Using Simulation Data
Authors: Abduljabbar Rusul L. , Dia Hussein , Tsai Pei-Wei
Published: September 2021

Long short-term memory (LSTM) models provide high predictive performance through their ability to recognize longer sequences of time series data. More recently, bidirectional deep learning models (BiLSTM) have extended the LSTM capabilities by training the input data twice in forward and backward directions. In this paper, BiLSTM short term traffic forecasting models have been developed and evaluated using data from a calibrated micro-simulation model for a congested freeway in Melbourne, Australia. The simulation model was extensively calibrated and validated to a high degree of accuracy using field data collected from 55 detectors on the freeway. The base year simulation model was then used to generate loop detector data including speed, flow and occupancy which were used to develop and compare a number of LSTM models for short-term traffic prediction up to 60 minutes into the future. The modelling results showed that BiLSTM outperformed other predictive models for multiple prediction horizons for base year conditions. The simulation model was then adapted for future year scenarios where the traffic demand was increased by 25-100 percent to reflect potential future increases in traffic demands. The results showed superior performance of BiLSTM for multiple prediction horizons for all traffic variables.
The continuous and changing impact of affect on risky decision-making
Authors: Asutay Erkin , Västfjäll Daniel
Published: September 2021

Affective experience has an important role in decision-making with recent theories suggesting a modulatory role of affect in ongoing subjective value computations. However, it is unclear how varying expectations and uncertainty dynamically influence affective experience and how dynamic representation of affect modulates risky choices. Using hierarchical Bayesian modeling on data from a risky choice task (N = 101), we find that the temporal integration of recently encountered choice parameters (expected value, uncertainty, and prediction errors) shapes affective experience and impacts subsequent choice behavior. Specifically, experienced arousal prior to choice was associated with increased loss aversion, risk aversion, and choice consistency. Taken together, these findings provide clear behavioral evidence for continuous affective modulation of subjective value computations during risky decision-making.
Can the Dongzhaigang Mangrove in China Adapt to Sea Level Rise in the Future?
Authors: Ding Ruyi , Cai Rongshuo , Yan Xiuhua , Sun Jiang , Tan Hongjian , Men Wu , Guo Haixia
Published: September 2021

Considering climate change, coastal mangroves are facing serious threats from rising sea levels. However, whether the largest contiguous Dongzhaigang mangrove in China can adapt to future sea level rise, which is very critical for mangrove restoration and management, has been little known. Using the data of historical monitor since the 1950s, supplementary field research of mangrove wetland sediment rates measured, satellite remote sensing, digital elevation model, global climate models, and ArcGIS, we investigated the Dongzhaigang mangrove area changes, related causes, and the impacts of future sea level rise under greenhouse gas emission scenarios, as representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5. The study revealed that: (1) during 1956–1987, total mangrove area had decreased by ~ 50%, from ~ 3417 hm2 to ~ 1710 hm2. This was mainly because of the impacts of human activities, such as fish pond reclamation and the use of former mangrove land for economic tree planting. After the 1990s, the total mangrove area was maintained at ~ 1711 hm2, mainly because of the establishment of the nature reserve in 1986, along with protective and restorative measures; (2) under the intermediate and high RCP 4.5 and 8.5, sea level increases are likely to cause > 25% of the mangroves to disappear by 2100, whereas for the low RCP 2.6, only 17% of the mangroves are likely to be affected; and (3) taking measures such as reestablishing ponds as mangrove forests, plant restoration, and biological shore protection could improve the adaptation of mangroves to the impacts of rising sea levels.
Effects of curcumin on cystic fibrosis: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Albuquerque Izabela Zibetti , Costa Lusmaia Damaceno Camargo , Fortes Patrícia Marques , Abe Guilherme Matos , Costa Paulo Sérgio Sucasas da
Published: September 2021

Background: Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disease characterized by a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, responsible for encoding the protein that regulates the function of chlorine and sodium channels in the cell membrane. The bioactive compound curcumin has shown modulating and restorative effects on sodium, chlorine and water transport, and seems to be a candidate to act in the expression of the function of the chlorine channels. The purpose of this protocol is to demonstrate scientific evidence of molecular and clinical effects of curcumin in cell cultures, animals and subjects with cystic fibrosis.Methods: The search will be conducted in the following databases - MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library and EMBASE. Reviewers will select original intervention (in vitro and in vivo) and/or observational articles that analyzed the effects of curcumin on cystic fibrosis. The methodological quality of the studies will be assessed by the Joana Briggs Institute's Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies. The GRADE tool will be applied to grade the quality of evidence.Discussion: To date, no systematic reviews have been published that assessed molecular and clinical effects of curcumin on cystic fibrosis. Upon completion of this systematic review, it is expected that the evidence found may contribute to the development of therapeutic formulations capable of modulating the function of the CFTR protein, restoring its properties, and contributing to the reduction of systemic clinical manifestations of cystic fibrosis.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021229294
Postoperative pancreatic fistulas after pancreaticoduodenectomy using pair-watch suturing and duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy anastomosis techniques
Authors: Passawart Nattapon , Rungsrithananon Warit , Jaseanchiun Warakon
Published: September 2021

Background:
Morbidity and mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) have been associated with postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). Pancreatic anastomosis is challenging for most surgeons, and there is no universal or standardized technique. This study compared the incidence of POPF between the pair-watch suturing technique (PWST) and duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) anastomosis technique.
Methods:
This retrospective cohort analysis included 71 patients who underwent a PD between January 2009 and October 2018. The incidence and risk factors of complications after PWST and duct-to-mucosa PJ anastomoses were compared.
Results:
There was no significant difference in the incidence of POPF between the PWST (n = 7; 30.4%) and duct-to-mucosa PJ (n = 9; 18.7%) groups. The tumor site (p = 0.001) and pancreas density on computed tomography without contrast (p = 0.002) were significantly different between the groups. Age ≥ 60 years (odds ratio (OR): 11.07; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14–107.36; p = 0.038) and pancreatic body mass/duct size (B/W) ratio (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.04–1.91; p = 0.029) were identified as significant risk factors for POPF. International Study Group for Pancreatic Fistula grade B POPF, wound infections, and pneumonia occurred more frequently in patients who underwent a duct-to-mucosa PJ anastomosis. However, the postoperative complications were not significantly different between the groups.
Conclusions:
The incidence of clinically relevant POPF was similar between patients who underwent the PWST and those who underwent a duct-to-mucosa PJ anastomosis. However, a preoperative risk factor assessment for the evaluation of tumor site, patient age, and B/W ratio could help determine which surgical technique should be used in individual patients.
Research on Quality Control of Precision Machining Straight Internal Gear by Abrasive Flow Based on large Eddy Simulation
Authors: Zou Tiangang , Yan Qingdong , Wang Lixiong , AN Yuanyuan , qu Jiyong , li junye
Published: September 2021

Traditional finishing technology is difficult to realize the precision machining of complex geometric parts. Abrasive flow machining technology solves this problem well. Taking the spur internal gear as the research object, the wall shear force, static pressure, dynamic pressure and abrasive velocity vector of the internal channel of the straight internal gear under different inlet velocity, abrasive concentration and abrasive particle size are analyzed by using the large eddy simulation method, and the action law of different parameters on the machining of straight internal gear by solid-liquid two-phase abrasive flow is discussed. At the same time, orthogonal test was carried out. The results show that the solid-liquid two-phase abrasive flow machining technology can effectively remove the burrs, pits and bulges on the tooth surface of spur internal gear, reduce the tooth surface roughness and improve the surface quality. The optimal combination of processing parameters and the primary and secondary order of various factors affecting processing are obtained by range analysis and analysis of variance. The regression equation is constructed by regression analysis to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the model, which provides theoretical support and data reference for actual processing and production.
Risk of Plasmodium falciparum infection in south-west Burkina Faso - potential impact of expanding eligibility for seasonal malaria chemoprevention
Authors: Yaro Jean Baptiste , Tiono Alfred , Ouedraogo Alphonse , Lambert Ben , Ouedraogo Z Amidou , Diarra Amidou , Traore Adama , Lankouande Malik , Soulama Issiaka , Sanou Antoine , Worrall Eve , Agboraw Efundem , Sagnon N'Fale , Ranson Hilary , Churcher Thomas S. , Lindsay Steve W , Wilson Anne L
Published: September 2021

Background
Burkina Faso has one of the highest malaria burdens in sub-Saharan Africa despite the mass deployment of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and use of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) in children aged up to 5 years. Identification of risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum infection in rural Burkina Faso could help to identify and target malaria control measures.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey of 1,199 children and adults was conducted during the peak malaria transmission season in south-west Burkina Faso in 2017. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for microscopically confirmed P. falciparum infection. A malaria transmission dynamic model was used to determine the impact on malaria cases averted of administering SMC to children aged 5–15 year old.
Results
P. falciparum prevalence was 32.8% in the study population. Children aged 5 to < 10 years old were at 3.74 times the odds (95% CI = 2.68–5.22, p < 0.001) and children aged 10 to 15 years old at 3.14 times the odds (95% CI = 1.20–8.21, p = 0.02) of P. falciparum infection compared to children aged less than 5 years old. Administration of SMC to children aged up to 10 years is predicted to avert an additional 57 malaria cases per 1000 population per year (9.4% reduction) and administration to children aged up to 15 years would avert an additional 89 malaria cases per 1000 population per year (14.6% reduction) in the Cascades Region, assuming coverage of pyrethroid-piperonyl butoxide ITNs.
Conclusion
Malaria infections were high in all age strata, although highest in children aged 5 to 15 years, despite roll out of core malaria control interventions. Given the burden of infection in school-age children, extension of the eligibility criteria for SMC could help reduce the burden of malaria in Burkina Faso and other countries in the region.
Complete genome sequence of Bacillus velezensis YYC, a bacterium isolated from the tomato rhizosphere
Authors: Yan Yuechen , Xu Weihui , Chen Wenjing , Hu Yunlong , Wang zhigang
Published: September 2021

The Bacillus velezensis YYC strain was isolated from the tomato rhizosphere. In a previous experiment, it increased tomato growth and induced systemic resistance against Ralstonia solanacearum. However, information on its genomic content is lacking. The complete genome sequence of the bacterium was described in this study. The genome size was 3,973,236 bp and consisted of 4,034 genes in total, with a mean G + C content of 46.52%. 86 tRNAs and 27 ri-bosome RNAs were identified. 14 clusters of secondary metabolites were identified. The KEGG database analysis showed that 69 genes were related to quorum sensing, which were important for cross-kingdom communication. In addition, genes involved in promoting plant growth and triggering plant immunity were identified from the genome. Based on digital DNA–DNA hybridizations (dDDH), B. velezensis YYC was the most closely related with B. velezensis FZB42. However, compared with B. velezensis FZB42, the lantipeptide biosynthesis gene cluster was special and only existed in the genome of B. velezensis YYC. The complete genome data of B. velezensis YYC will provide a basis for explanation of its growth-promoting mechanism and biocontrol mechanism.
Magnetic and Restivity Investigation of Geologic Structures in the Basement Complex of Aran-orin, Kwara-state, Nigeria.
Authors: Fatoye Oluwaseun Victoria , Oyanameh O. E
Published: September 2021

This study aims at integration of magnetic and vertical electrical sounding (VES) resistivity methods to determine groundwater prospective in part of Aran-orin Sheet 224. A total of three traverses were established in the study area for the vertical electrical sounding using the Schlumberger electrode configuration. A total of 17 VES points was established using the ABEM Terrameter SAS 1000C model with maximum half-current electrode spacing (AB/2) of 120m. A total of eight traverses were established for the magnetics survey with station intervals of 10 m and inter-profile spacing of 100 m. The magnetic and VES data were qualitatively and quantitatively interpreted using IPI2WIN and OASIS MONTAJ package respectively. The geo-electric sections reveal a maximum of 3–4 layers beneath the sub-surface an overburden thickness ranges from 8.2 m to 64.9 m and the corresponding lithology inferred are topsoil, weathered Rock, fractured basement and fresh basement. The depth to basement using half-width method showed that the depth ranges from 8.4-56.04 m, which corresponds with the electrical survey.
Embolization of a Mesenteric Arteriovenous Malformation Associated with Idiopathic Myointimal Hyperplasia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Shah Yash B , Lee Derek , Khaddash Tamim S.
Published: September 2021

Background

Idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of the mesenteric vein (IMHMV) is a rare, often undiagnosed pathology affecting the colon. Patients typically present with severe abdominal pain and inflammation caused by smooth muscle proliferation of the veins, leading to arterialization, stenosis, and potential occlusion. The etiology remains unclear, but it has been hypothesized that an arteriovenous connection may be associated with the pathology. This is the first reported case supporting such an association. Endovascular embolization is generally a less invasive alternative to surgical resection in the treatment of such vascular disorders, and our case highlights the potential benefits of endovascular treatment.

Case Presentation

This report describes a 24-year-old female patient with findings of colitis and an abnormal arteriovenous connection of the inferior mesenteric arterial and venous system. Partial embolization of this arteriovenous connection temporarily improved symptoms, but the presence of multiple smaller feeder vessels not amenable to embolization ultimately necessitated colonic resection for definitive treatment. Although prior reports have hypothesized that arterial pressurization of the veins may cause myointimal hyperplasia, to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of IMHMV with an associated abnormal arteriovenous connection.

Conclusions

This case illustrates the possibility of a pathogenic relationship between an arteriovenous connection and IMHMV. It is presumable that early radiologic analysis for an abnormal arteriovenous connection in colitis patients may facilitate IMHMV diagnosis, and early diagnosis may even facilitate the success of embolization.
Evaluation of Long-term Oncological Outcomes of Inter-Sphincter Resection Compared with Traditional Abdominoperineal Resection in Treatment of Low Rectal Cancers: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Anaraki FakhroSadat , Alemrajabi Mahdi , Shekouhi Ramin , Sohooli Maryam , Sabz Seyed-Ali
Published: September 2021

Objectives

abdominoperineal resection (APR), is considered the gold standard surgical treatment for low rectal cancer. Patients with low rectal tumors, tumor’s distance less than 5 cm from the anal verge, are likely to require permanent colostomy after APR. Thus, anus-preserving alternative procedures have been tested to avoid the need for permanent colostomy. the aim of the present study is to compare the functional results, and oncological outcome of traditional APR method.
Methods

Patients' demographic information as well as tumor characteristics were evaluated through a patient's information form. All patients were followed after the operation every three months for two years, and then every six months for at least three years.
Results

The study was performed on 60 patients with rectal cancer. In the group that performed APR, 9 (30%) patients developed with disease recurrence. In the ISR group, 10 (33.3%) had relapses. Based on this result, the two groups were nearly similar in the recurrence rate of disease and the difference between these two groups was not statistically significant (P value = 0.8).
Conclusion

In summary, the results of the present study concluded that there is no significant difference in efficacy of ISR method compared with the conventional APR in treatment of ultra-low rectal cancer. We surveyed that the ISR method is associated with beneficial long-term survival. Considering the post-operation complication associated with APR surgery including permanent colostomy, and disappointing functional outcomes, we encourage physicians to expand the use of anus-preserving procedures in treatment of low-grade distal rectal cancer.
Performance study on mounting system for displacement transducer in mechanical tests of timber samples using photogrammetry method
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed , Zhang Hexin , Deng Yu , Lehmann Martin , Sigrist Christophe , Uheida Kal , Zheng Yu , Bahadori-Jahromi Ali , Shahidan Shahiron , Caudoux Remi
Published: September 2021

This paper presents a unique study to reveal the effect of the mounting system of the linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) on the mechanical property tests of timber materials. This effect has been overlooked in the past but proven to be significant enough that will distort the measurements completely if the displacement is relatively small. The reason for causing this error is because the LVDT is not directly measuring targeting points on a sample, instead, the LVDT is measuring the distance between one point on the stop-end (where the tip rested on) and the holder. The wrong common sense hopes that this point on the stop-end and holder reliably following the movement of the sample points. But this study reveals that it is not always the case with the aid from the photogrammetry method. The messages of this paper are simple but alertly useful and, important: 1) the mounting system and the method of installation of the LVDTs have a significant impact on the actual displacement measurement in a mechanical properties test of timber materials. It should be carefully designed and validated before the actual test; 2) the displacement distribution is not uniform across the timber sample. This should be taken into account when selecting the mounting points of the LVDTs. Testing standards should consider this effect when recommending displacement transducers to be used in a timber-related test.
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Etnomatematika “Permainan Engklek” Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Geometri Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Mulyasari Dini Wahyu , Abdussakir Abdussakir , Rosikhoh Dewi
Published: September 2021

Mathematics learning in elementary schools frequently encountered obstacles in material delivery. It was due to the abstract concepts of mathematics and the character of students who entered the concrete operational phase. Ethnomathematics learning could become an effort to overcome those obstacles. The purpose of this study was to determined the effectiveness of learning ethnomathematics "engklek-game" on the understanding of geometry concept for third-grade students of SDN 4 Sepanjang Glenmore. This study used a mixed-method approach with the type of experimental research one-group pretest-posttest design. Data collection techniques were through written tests and interviews. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and used paired sample t-test. The qualitative data was analyzed by reducing the data, presenting the data, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that learning ethnomathematics "engklek-game" obtained Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000, so that it had a significant effect on the understanding of the geometry concept of students in grade III SDN 4 Sepanjang Glenmore. Based on the results of the interview, it found that the student response was good. Teachers stated that students were enthusiastic during the learning, which led to an increase in learning outcomes before and after learning ethnomathematics "engklek-game."
Influence of the Local Structure on the Photocatalytic Properties of Zinc Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Biazati Luciana , Lorenzini Lucas , Ferreira Sandra , Porto Arilza , de Castro Eustáquio , Fabris José , de Freitas Marcos , Lelis Maria de Fátima
Published: September 2021

The correlation between iron distribution in octahedral or tetrahedral sites in synthetic magnetite and zinc spinel ferrites and their catalytic properties were investigated in this work. The zinc-doped nanomagnetites were prepared by co-precipitation method and annealed at 420 °C. X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis, X-ray absorption and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopies were used to identify iron sites. The obtained results showed that ZnII replaces the relatively smaller FeIII cation in the tetrahedral sites, increasing the cubic lattice dimension, and this replacement remarkably enhances the catalytic effectiveness of the Zn-spinel ferrite towards the indigo carmine degradation compared to undoped magnetite. The indigo carmine degradation experiments were carried out using photo-Fenton method in which 50 mL of indigo carmine dye aqueous solutions (20 mg L−1, pH 3.0), 20 mg ZnxFe(3-x)O4, and 2.0 mL H2O2 (aqueous solution at 0.028 mol L−1) were placed under UV light at 25 °C. Under these experimental conditions the degradation rate of indigo carmine was superior to 98%.
Flujos, contrabando y prácticas de ilegalidad en la frontera México-Estados Unidos: cruces fronterizos entre Tijuana y San Diego
Authors: Hernández Hernández Alberto
Published: September 2021

Este artículo describe los tipos de mercancías y objetos que cruzan la frontera México-Estados Unidos en ambas direcciones, particularmente el caso de las ciudades fronterizas de Tijuana-San Diego. Con aportes desde los estudios fronterizos se argumenta que la línea que divide a ambos países funciona de manera diferente de acuerdo con quién cruza y qué tipo de mercancías transporta. Al tomar esto en cuenta, por medio de datos etnográficos obtenidos durante las últimas dos décadas, el artículo analiza los tipos de mercancías legales e ilegales que circulan a través de la frontera. La diferencia entre el tráfico de mercancías y productos contrabandeados en dirección norte-sur y sur-norte permite no solo constatar los tipos de flujos transfronterizos, sino también inferir las necesidades y contextos de las personas que cruzan la frontera.
Elucidating the Potential Side Effects of Current Anti-Seizure Drugs for Epilepsy
Authors: Akyüz Enes , Köklü Betül , Ozenen Cansu , Arulsamy Alina , Shaikh Mohd. Farooq
Published: September 2021

Over the decades, various interventions have been developed and utilized to treat epilepsy.
However, the majority of epileptic patients are often first prescribed anti-epileptic drugs (AED),
now known as anti-seizure drugs (ASD), as the first line of defense to suppress their seizures and
regain their quality of life. ASDs exert their anti-convulsant effects through various mechanisms of
action, including regulation of ion channels, blocking glutamate-mediated stimulating neurotransmitter
interaction, and enhancing the inhibitory GABA transmission. About one-third of epileptic
patients are often resistant to anti-convulsant drugs, while others develop numerous side effects,
which may lead to treatment discontinuation and further deterioration of quality of life. Common
side effects of ASDs include headache, nausea and dizziness. However, more adverse effects, such
as auditory and visual problems, skin problems, liver dysfunction, pancreatitis and kidney disorders
may also be witnessed. Some ASDs may even result in life-threatening conditions as well as serious
abnormalities, especially in patients with comorbidities and in pregnant women. Nevertheless, some
clinicians had observed a reduction in the development of side effects post individualized ASD
treatment. This suggests that a careful and well-informed ASD recommendation to patients may be
crucial for an effective and side-effect-free control of their seizures. Therefore, this review aimed to
elucidate the anticonvulsant effects of ASDs as well as their side effect profile by discussing their
mechanism of action and reported adverse effects based on clinical and preclinical studies, thereby
providing clinicians with a greater understanding of the safety of current ASDs.
Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: A Single-center Retrospective
Analysis
Authors: Yayla Müçteba Enes , Balcı Gülşah , Torgutalp Murat , Eroğlu Didem Şahin , Dinçer Ayşe Bahar Keleşoğlu , Gülöksüz Emine Gözde Aydemir , Sezer Serdar , Yüksel Mehmet Levent , Ateş Aşkın , Turgay Tahsin Murat , Kınıklı Gülay
Published: September 2021

Background:

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized
by microangiopathy, inflammation, fibrosis. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is common among SSc
patients.

Objective:

This study aims to define the clinical, laboratory, and serologic characteristics of SSc patients
with ILD and to present the frequency of chest computed tomography features.

Methods:

Two hundred twenty-six SSc patients who applied to the Rheumatology Department between
January 2007 and August 2019 were retrospectively examined. A total of 100 SSc patients
with ILD (44.2%) were determined. Clinical, laboratory, and serological features of SSc patients
with and without ILD were compared.

Results :

Both groups had similar characteristics in terms of age and sex. The duration of disease
(p=0.001) and follow-up time (p=0.001) were longer in SSc patients with ILD. Multivariable logistic
regression analysis indicated that the duration of disease (OR: 1.06 (1.01-1.13), p=0.029), presence
of gastrointestinal system involvement (OR: 3.29 (1.28-8.46), p=0.013) and anti-SCL70-positivity
(OR: 6.04 (2.35-15.49), p <0.001) were associated with ILD. There was an inverse relationship
between Anti-CENP-B positivity and the presence of ILD (p=0.001). The assessment regarding
the chest computed tomography characteristics of interstitial pneumonia patterns were as follows:
82.5% non-specific interstitial pneumonia, 14.4% usual interstitial pneumonia, and 2.1%
desquamative interstitial pneumonia. The most frequent abnormal findings included ground-glass
opacification (88.7%), reticulation (64.9%), traction bronchiectasis (57.7%), septal thickening
(52.6%) and honeycombing (28.9%).

Conclusion:

We have shown a relationship between anti-SCL70, disease duration, gastrointestinal
system involvement, and ILD in SSc patients.