bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN ASI TERHADAP BERAT BADAN BAYI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SEMATANG BORANG PALEMBANG TAHUN 2017
Authors: Nurbaiti Meta
Published: October 2019

ASI adalah satu jenis makanan yang mencukupi seluruh unsur kebutuhan bayi baik fisik, psikologis, sosial, maupun spiritual. Kualitas dan kuantitasnya serta komposisinya merupakan panduan yang sangat tepat bagi kebutuhan bayi sehingga dapat meningkatkan berat badan.Pengukuran berat badan dapat berfungsi untuk menilai keadaan gizi, tumbuh kembang, kesehatan anak, memantau kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan: untuk hubungan pemberian asi terhadap berat badan bayi  di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sematang Borang PalembangTahun 2018. Metode penelitian: penelitian ini mengunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Dimana pada pengumpulan data, berat badan bayi yang diberi ASI ekslusif dan non ekslusif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sematang Borang Palembang 2017,  Penelitian dilakukan sejak dibuatnya proposal bulan September 2017 sampai penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2018. Sampel penelitian adalah bayi yang berumur 6 bulan yang berjumlah 58 orang. Data dalam penelitian ini di dapat dengan menggunakan instrument observasi, setelah semua data terkumpul selanjutnya dilakukan pengolahan data dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi 22. Hasil penelitian: analisis bivariat didapatkan responden yang diberikan ASI Eksklusif dengan berat badan normal sebanyak 21 orang (75,0%) dari 28 responden, sedangkan responden yang diberikan ASI Non eksklusif dengan berat badan gemuk sebanyak 19 responden (63,3%) dari 30 responden dan hasil uji Chi Square didapatkan p value 0,002 < α (0,05) menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pemberian ASI terhadap berat badan bayi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sematang Borang Tahun 2017.
Association Examined of Viscoelastic Properties with the Invasion of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Chen Mengdan , Zeng Jinshu , Ruan Weiwei , Zhang Zhenghong , Wang Yuhua , Xie Shusen , Wang Zhengchao , Yang Hongqin
Published: October 2019

Cellular mechanical properties could serve as a prominent indicator for disease progression and early cancer diagnosis. This study utilized atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure the viscoelastic properties and then examined their association with the invasion of ovarian cancer at living single cell level. The results demonstrated the elasticity and viscosity of ovarian cancer cell OVCAR-3 and HO-8910 significantly decreased than those of HOSEpiC, the ovarian cancer control cell. Further examination found the dramatic increase of migration/invasion and the obvious decease of microfilament density in OVCAR-3 and HO-8910 cells compared with those of HOSEpiC cells. And there was a significant relationship between viscoelastic and biological properties among these cells. In addition, the elasticity was significantly increased in OVCAR-3 and HO-8910 cells after the treatment of anticancer compound echinomycin (Ech), while no obvious change was found in HOSEpiC cells after Ech treatment. Interestingly, Ech seemed no effects on the viscosity of these cells. Furthermore, Ech significantly inhibited the migration/invasion and significantly increased the microfilament density in OVCAR-3 and HO-8910 cells compared with those of HOSEpiC cells, which was significantly related with the elasticity among these cells. Notably, an increase of elasticity and a decrease of invasion were found in OVCAR-3 and HO-8910 cells with Ech treatment. Together, this study clearly demonstrated the association of viscoelastic properties with the invasion of ovarian cancer cells and shed a light on the biomechanical changes for early diagnosis of tumor transformation and progression at single cell level.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF STRAW CO-FIRING WITH GAS
Authors: Barmina Inesa , Kalis Harijs , Kolmickovs Antons , Marinaki Maksims , Ozola Liiva , Strautins Uldis , Valdmanis Raimonds , Zake Maija
Published: October 2019

The main goal of the present study is to promote a more eﬀective use of agriculture residues (straw) as an alternative renewable fuel for cleaner energy production with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. With the aim to improve the main combustion characteristics at thermo-chemical conversion of wheat straw, complex experimental study and mathematical modelling of the processes developing when co-ﬁring wheat straw pellets with a gaseous fuel were carried out. The eﬀect of co-ﬁring on the main gasiﬁcation and combustion characteristics was studied experimentally by varying the propane supply and additional heat input into the pilot device, along with the estimation of the eﬀect of co-ﬁring on the thermal decomposition of wheat straw pellets, on the formation, ignition and combustion of volatiles (CO, H2). A mathematical model has been developed using the environment of the Matlab (2D modelling) and MATLAB package ”pdepe”(1D modelling) considering the variations in supplying heat energy and combustible volatiles (CO, H2) into the bottom of the combustor. Dominant exothermal chemical reactions were used to evaluate the eﬀect of co-ﬁring on the main combustion characteristics and composition of the products CO2 and H2O. The results prove that the additional heat from the propane ﬂame makes it possible to control the thermal decomposition of straw pellets, the formation, ignition and combustion of volatiles and the development of combustion dynamics, thus completing the combustion of biomass and leading to cleaner heat energy production.
SOME GENERALIZATIONS OF KANNAN'S THEOREMS VIA ΣC-FUNCTION AND ITS APPLICATION
Authors: Hazra Suprokash , Shukla Satish
Published: October 2019

In this article, we go on to discuss various proper extensions of Kannan’s two diﬀerent ﬁxed point theorems, and introduce the new concept of σc-function, which is independent of the three notions of simulation function, manageable functions, and R-functions. These results are analogous to some well-known theorems, and extend several known results in this literature. An application of the new results to the integral equation is also provided.
DIRICHLET BVP FOR THE SECOND ORDER NONLINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AT RESONANCE
Authors: Mukhigulashvili Sulkhan , Manjikashvili Mariam
Published: October 2019

Landesman-Lazer’s type efficient sufficient conditions are established forthe solvability of the Dirichlet problem u′′(t) = p(t)u(t) + f(t, u(t)) + h(t),for a ≤ t ≤ b, u(a) = 0, u(b) = 0, where h, p ϵ L([a, b];R) and f is the L([a, b];R) Caratheodory function, in the casewhere the linear problem u′′(t) = p(t)u(t), u(a) = 0,u(b) = 0 has nontrivial solutions. The results obtained in the paper are optimal in the sense that if f ≡ 0,i.e., when nonlinear equation turns to the linear equation, from our results follows the first partof Fredholm’s theorem.
First record of Trissolcus basalis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) parasitizing Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the United States
Authors: Balusu Rammohan , Talamas Elijah , Cottrell Ted , Toews Michael , Blaauw Brett , Sial Ashfaq , Buntin David , Fadamiro Henry , Tillman Glynn
Published: October 2019

A parasitoid wasp, Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston), was recorded parasitizing eggs of the invasive stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål) in the United States. This is the first record of this species parasitizing fresh and frozen eggs of H. halys in the United States.

First record of Trissolcus basalis parasitizing Halyomorpha halys eggs in the United States.
A new species of the live-bearing fish genus Poeciliopsis from northern Mexico (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae)
Authors: Conway Kevin W. , Mateos Mariana , Vrijenhoek Robert C.
Published: October 2019

Poeciliopsis jackschultzisp. nov., is described based on seven specimens (17.9–26.7 mm SL) from the Río Concepción (also known as Río Magdalena), Sonora, Mexico. The new species belongs to the Leptorhaphis species group and can be distinguished from other members of this group by features of the skeleton and colouration. The new species is sympatric with P. occidentalis, a hybridogenetic all-female biotype P. monacha-occidentalis, and hybrids between P. monacha-occidentalis females and P. jackschultzi males. The distribution of P. jackschultzi is highly restricted, and the main habitat, spring-fed marshy streams and pools, is susceptible to loss and degradation in a desert environment with increasing human water demand.
Classical analog to the Airy wave packet
Authors: Matulis Algirdas , Acus Artûras
Published: October 2019

The solution of the Liouville equation for the ensemble of free particles is presented and the classical analog to the quantum accelerating Airy wave packet is constructed and discussed. Considering the motion of various classical packets – with an infinite and restricted distribution of velocities of particles – and also the motion of their fronts, we demonstrate in the simplest and most definite way why the packet can display a more sophisticated behaviour (even acceleration) as compared with a free individual particle that moves at a fixed velocity. A comparison of this classical solution with the quantum one in the Wigner representation of quantum mechanics, which provides the closest analogy, is also presented.
Low-frequency noise of near UV LEDs
Authors: Glemža Justinas , Pralgauskaitė Sandra , Palenskis Vilius , Matukas Jonas
Published: October 2019

Low-frequency noise characteristics of high power near ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with peak radiative wavelengths in a range of 380–410 nm are investigated in a temperature interval of 110–293 K. The defect-assisted tunnelling current component has been observed in some 380 nm peak wavelength samples with corresponding Lorentzian-type electrical noise spectra. Other samples (with a peak wavelength of 390–410 nm) have mainly 1/fα-type electrical fluctuations. Cross-correlation coefficient analysis between electrical and optical fluctuations has been performed in order to evaluate whether the observed defect levels, responsible for additional generation–recombination (g–r) noise components in LEDs noise spectra, are related to the active layer or to the peripheral area of the device. Activation energies of these g–r centres have been also evaluated using g–r noise spectroscopy.
Abiotic stress impact on aerosol mass spectra over a forest site in Lithuania
Authors: Pauraitė Julija , Byčenkienė Steigvilė , Plauškaitė Kristina , Augustaitis Algirdas , Marozas Vitas , Mozgeris Gintautas , Pivoras Ainis , Pivoras Gintaras , Ulevičius Vidmantas
Published: October 2019

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by trees in response to abiotic stress evoke high levels of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) compounds. Few techniques exist to provide chemically-resolved submicron (PM1) particle mass concentrations and source apportionment of stress-induced emissions from trees and SOA formation. The chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol particles was characterized using an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) at a mixed-mature forest site – the Aukštaitija Integrated Monitoring Station in the eastern part of Lithuania. The organic fraction of PM1 consisted of SOA (76%) and of anthropogenic combustion related primary organic aerosol (POA) (24%). The analysis of tree trunk circumference revealed three shrinkage and three normal increase episodes. During the episodes of tree trunk circumference shrinkage, several m/z signal (m/z 42, 43, 45, 48, 50) intensities were found to be magnified together with the daily SOA concentration. The stress response analysis confirm that tree trunk circumference shrinkage may be observed through the enhancement of selected m/z signals and result in increased SOA levels.
Atlanta Field: Producing Heavy and Viscous Oil in Ultra-Deepwater
Authors: Marsili Marcelo Danemberg , Rocha Paulo Sérgio , Ferreira Igor de Almeida
Published: October 2019

Atlanta Field is a post-salt heavy oilfield located 185 km off the city of Rio de Janeiro, in Santos Basin, Brazil, at a water depth of approximately 1,550 m. Atlanta, however, is not just another ultra-deepwater heavy oil field. Several additional challenges had to be overcome for its development, such as: (i) low reservoir overburden (800 m); (ii) highly unconsolidated sandstone reservoir (36% porosity and 5,000 mD permeability); (iii) heavy and viscous crude flow assurance (14°API and 228 cP at initial reservoir conditions); (iv) high naphthenic acidity oil (TAN 10 mg KOH/g); (v) high power artificial lift pumping system requirement (1,600 hp); and (vi) complex topside crude facilities.

The development of Atlanta Field was phased in two stages: (i) an Early Production System (EPS), which is expected to last from four to five years and comprises three horizontal production wells, and (ii) a Definitive Production System (DPS), which will add nine wells to complete the development plan with 12 horizontal producers. The first two EPS wells were successfully constructed and tested during 2013 and 2014, proving the feasibility of surpassing the great challenges imposed by the field’s unique environment and enabling the beginning of the production phase of the field. First oil occurred in May 2018 with these two wells producing to the FPSO Petrojarl I. The third and last producer of the EPS was constructed in 2019 and began operation in June of the same year. More than five million barrels of oil were already produced to date.

Marsili et al. (2015) described in detail the exploration and development phases of Atlanta focusing on their challenges and the overcoming process and solutions adopted. This current work intends to present an updated review of the paper, providing the most recent information related to the project with a subsequent focus on the production phase findings and results. Among others, initial prediction and expectations will be compared with actual field performance. For all milestones achieved, Atlanta project is considered a great success so far and a benchmark for the industry in this harsh and adverse environment.
Digitalized Deepwater Production Facilities for South America - Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Aggarwal Rajiv , Renzi David
Published: October 2019

Digitalization of deepwater production facilities (floating and subsea units, risers, umbilicals, pipelines and flowlines) planning, construction, operations, and maintenance has been determined as an effective way to significantly reduce the life-cycle costs, enhance production levels, enable remote operations, improve personnel safety, and reduce environmental pollution. A digitalized production facility may require additional infrastructure (e.g., sensors) on physical facilities, computing capabilities, drones (air, underwater), communication facilities, and possibly secured access to a cloud platform with additional computing power.

The Digitalization approaches used may vary among companies involved in planning, construction, installation, maintenance, and operation of facilities. To present a comprehensive overview of pioneering initiatives in Digitalization and hold discussion, a Panel Session for OTC Brasil 2019 has been organized. The panel comprises of leaders from operating companies, engineering and construction companies, topside and subsea systems suppliers, digital platform providers, class societies, and risk assessment specialists responsible for deepwater facilities development and operations.
Microwave Drying of Reservoir Drilled Cuttings
Authors: Petri Irineu , Mota Ana Carolina Silva , Barbosa Vinícius Pimenta , Martins André Leibsohn , Marques de Sá Carlos Henrique , Pereira Marina Seixas , Ataíde Carlos Henrique
Published: October 2019

The disposal of drill cuttings in offshore operations has become a critical issue considering the increasing restrictions imposed by environmental legislation. When reservoir formations are reached in the drilling phase, cuttings contaminated with both drilling fluid and crude oil return to surface. Due to the presence of oil, which may contain toxic and non-biodegradable pollutants like polyaromatic hydrocarbons, specific discharde restrictions are usually applied. In this scope, microwave drying is proposed as a treatment method for drill cuttings contaminated with petroleum. In other words, this work aims to show how microwave drying technology can be a promising alternative in the treatment of drill cuttings originated from oil and gas reservoirs. First, a set of published results that reinforce the use of this technology in the drying of cuttings is presented. Then, a set of experiments that evaluated the efficiency of microwave drying of drill cuttings contaminated with petroleum of different API gravity was carried out. As expected, the microwave treatment of cuttings contaminated with light gravity oil presented lower residual contents than the heavy oil ones once light oil samples contain lighter hydrocarbons, which present lower boiling temperatures. Additionally, the remediation of oil-contaminated cuttings was promising, showing that it was possible to reach residual oil contents under 1% in mass after applying specific energies around 1.15 kWh/kg.
Breaking the bottle neck to enhance pediatrics renal transplantation at Soba university hospital: Role of a non-governmental organization
Authors: Abdalrahman Ihab B. , Elgenaid Shaima N. , Ellidir Rashid , Abdallah Asma Nizar Mohammed Osman , Hamid Safa Ahmed Hassan , Elwidaa Shahd H. A. , Ali El-Tigani M. A.
Published: October 2019

High cost and limited resources of pediatrics renal transplant in low-resource countries limits the number of transplants. However, the collaboration between government and community sector provided high quality care for these patients. Here we highlight the impact of a non-governmental organization in facilitating pediatrics renal transplant. Data was collected from files of all pediatric patients withend stage renal disease who received renal transplant between January 2010 and December 2017 at Soba University Hospital (77 patients). The 8-year period was divided into 16 intervals of 6 months each. The number of patients who received renal transplant ranged from 1 to 12 patients in each interval. There was a rise in 2017 when 21 (28.7%) patients received kidney transplant. In the last 6 months in 2017 there was a significant reduction in duration of hospital stay compared to the rest of the period; it dropped from 16.36 to 9.92 days (P=0.003). Partnership between governmental and non-governmental sectors is a good strategy in low resource area to bridge some of the gaps of healthcare delivery system.
Tandem Gait Test-Retest Reliability Among Healthy Child and Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Howell David R. , Brilliant Anna N. , Meehan William P.
Published: October 2019

Context

The tandem gait test is a method for assessing dynamic postural control and part of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, versions 3 and 5. However, its reliability among child and adolescent athletes has yet to be established.

Objective

To examine the test-retest reliability of the single-task and dual-task tandem gait test among healthy child and adolescent athletes.

Design

Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting

Sports injury-prevention center.

Patients or Other Participants

Uninjured and healthy athletes between the ages of 9 and 18 years.

Intervention(s)

Tandem gait measures repeated 3 times across the period of approximately 1 month.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Participants completed the tandem gait test under single-task and dual-task (ie, while simultaneously executing a cognitive task) conditions. Our primary outcome measure was completion time during the single-task and dual-task conditions. We also assessed cognitive accuracy and response rate while participants completed the dual-task tandem gait test.

Results

Thirty-two child and adolescent athletes completed the study (mean age = 14.3 ± 2.4 years; females = 16). Single-task tandem gait times were similar across the 3 testing sessions (14.4 ± 4.8, 13.5 ± 4.2, and 13.8 ± 4.8 seconds; P = .45). Dual-task tandem gait times steadily improved across the test timeline (18.6 ± 6.9, 16.6 ± 4.5, and 15.8 ± 4.7 seconds; P = .02). Bivariate correlations indicated moderately high to high agreement from test 1 to test 2 (single-task r = .627; dual-task r = 0.655) and from test 2 to test 3 (single-task r = 0.852; dual-task r = 0.775). Both the single-task (intraclass correlation coefficient; ICC [3,1] = 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.73, 0.93) and dual-task (ICC [3,1] = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.69, 0.92) conditions demonstrated high reliability across testing sessions.

Conclusions

Tandem gait outcome measures demonstrated high test-retest reliability in both the single- and dual-task conditions. The overall reliability was within the acceptable range for clinical practice, but improvements across tests suggested a moderate practice effect. Tandem gait represents a reliable, dynamic, postural-control test that requires minimal space, cost, and time.
Bovine rumen impaction caused by ingestion of Gonometa postica cocoons in eastern-central Namibia
Authors: Samkange Alaster , Hausiku Magrecia , Kandiwa Erick , Mbiri Pricilla , Muradzikwa Erdwin N. , Mushonga Borden
Published: October 2019

Cases of rumen impaction caused by ingestion of Gonometa postica cocoons occurred at a farm in eastern-central Namibia. Ten animals died on the farm over the previous 5 months. Rumenotomies were successfully performed on three affected animals. The authors were of the opinion that the affected animals ingested the cocoons around the time of weaning, which then resulted in tangled masses that gradually stretched and enlarged because of entrapment of ingesta, eventually causing impaction of the rumen in the young adult animals. These are the first reported cases of ruminal impaction attributable to G. postica cocoon ingestion in Namibia.
Company life cycle models and business valuation
Authors: Corbey Michael , de Roon Frans , Hinfelaar Stef
Published: October 2019

Future free cash flow is a crucial element of most business valuation tools, such as the Discounted Cash Flow model, with the quality of the valuation depending heavily on its forecast accuracy. This paper explores the theory on business life cycle (and growth) models in an aim to improve that quality. Life cycle and growth models have been studied in the management and organization literature for decades, but the relevant aspects from a business valuation perspective remain unclear. Reviewing the existing literature, we argue that the five-stage Hanks model (Start-up, Growth, Maturity, Diversification, and Decline) is applicable for valuation purposes. We further argue that life cycle thinking provides useful insights for making grounded assumptions in predicting the future free cash flows and residual value of a company. This paper presents practical valuation approaches and insights for each of the five stages of the Hanks model.
Trends and Emissions of Six Perfluorocarbons in the Northern and
Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Droste Elise S. , Adcock Karina E. , Ashfold Matthew J. , Chou Charles , Fleming Zoë , Fraser Paul J. , Gooch Lauren J. , Hind Andrew J. , Langenfelds Ray L. , Leedham Elvidge Emma C. , Mohd Hanif Norfazrin , O'Doherty Simon , Oram David E. , Ou-Yang Chang-Feng , Panagi Marios , Reeves Claire E. , Sturges William T. , Laube Johannes C.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are potent greenhouse gases with Global Warming Potentials up to several thousand times greater than CO2 on a 100-year time horizon. The lack of any significant sinks for PFCs means that they have long atmospheric lifetimes on the order of thousands of years. Anthropogenic production is thought to be the only source for most PFCs. Here we report an update on the global atmospheric abundances of the following PFCs, most of which have for the first time been separated according to their isomers: c-octafluorobutane (c-C4F8), n-decafluorobutane (n-C4F10), n-dodecafluoropentane (n-C5F12), n-tetradecafluorohexane (n-C6F14), and n-hexadecafluoroheptane (n-C7F16). Additionally, we report the first data set on the atmospheric mixing ratios of perfluoro(2-methylpentane) (i-C6F14). The existence and significance of PFC isomers has not been reported before, due to the analytical challenges of separating them. The time series spans a period from 1978 to the present. Several datasets are used to investigate temporal and spatial trends of these PFCs: time series of air samples collected at Cape Grim, Australia, from 1978 to the start of 2018; a time series of air samples collected between July 2015 and April 2017 at Tacolneston, UK; and intensive campaign-based sampling collections from Taiwan. Although the remote background Southern Hemispheric Cape Grim time series indicates that recent growth rates of most of these PFCs are lower than in the 1990s, we continue to see significantly increasing mixing ratios that are between 6 % to 27 % higher by the end of 2017 compared to abundances measured in 2010. Air samples from Tacolneston show a positive offset in PFC mixing ratios compared to the Southern Hemisphere baseline. The highest mixing ratios and variability are seen in air samples from Taiwan, which is therefore likely situated much closer to PFC sources, confirming predominantly Northern Hemispheric emissions for most PFCs. Even though these PFCs occur in the atmosphere at levels of parts per trillion molar or less, their total cumulative global emissions translate into 833 million metric tonnes of CO2 equivalent by the end of 2017, 23 % of which has been emitted in the last eight years. Almost two-thirds of the CO2 equivalent emissions are attributable to c-C4F8, which currently also has the highest emission rates that continue to grow. Despite this, the sources of all PFCs covered in this work remain poorly constrained and reported emissions in global databases do not account for the abundances found in the atmosphere.
Oxygen and sulfur mass-independent isotopic signatures in black crusts: the complementary negative ∆33S-reservoir of sulfate aerosols?
Authors: Genot Isabelle , Au Yang David , Martin Erwan , Cartigny Pierre , Legendre Erwann , De Rafelis Marc
Published: October 2019

Abstract. To better understand the formation and the oxidation pathways leading to gypsum-forming “black crusts” and investigate their bearing on the whole atmospheric SO2 cycle, we measured the oxygen (δ17O, δ18O and ∆17O) and sulfur (δ33S, δ34S, δ36S, ∆33S and ∆36S) isotopic compositions of black crust sulfates sampled on carbonate building stones along a NW-SE cross-section in the Parisian basin. The δ18O and δ34S, ranging between 7.5 and 16.7 ± 0.5 ‰ (n = 27, 2σ) and between −2.6 and 13.9 ± 0.2 ‰ respectively, show anthropogenic SO2 as the main sulfur source (from 2 to 81 %, in average ~30 %) with host-rock sulfates making the complement. This is supported by ∆17O-values (up to 2.6 ‰, in average ~0.86 ‰), requiring > 60 % of atmospheric sulfates in black crusts. Both negative ∆33S-∆36S-values between −0.34 and 0.00 ± 0.01 ‰ and between −0.7 and −0.2 ± 0.2 ‰ respectively were measured in black crusts sulfates, that is typical of a magnetic isotope effect that would occur during the SO2 oxidation on the building stone, leading to 33S-depletion in black crust sulfates and subsequent 33S-enrichment in residual SO2. Given that sulfate aerosols have mostly ∆33S > 0 ‰ and no processes can yet explain this enrichment, resulting in a non-consistent S-budget, black crust sulfates could well represent the complementary negative ∆33S-reservoir of the sulfate aerosols solving the atmospheric SO2 budget.
Earth rotation variations observed by VLBI and the Wettzell “G” ring laser during the CONT17 campaign
Authors: Böhm Sigrid , Schartner Matthias , Gebauer André , Klügel Thomas , Schreiber Ulrich , Schüler Torben
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) technique can provide the full set of parameters needed for the transformation between celestial and terrestrial reference frames with high accuracy. Yet it has some limitations regarding temporal resolution and continuity, and the accuracy of the resulting Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) varies depending on the network geometry. In this work we explore the benefit of combining VLBI observations with the measurements of the large ring laser gyroscope “G” in Wettzell for deriving highly resolved ERP (Earth Rotation Parameters, i.e. polar motion and universal time variations, δUT1). We examine the observations collected by two simultaneously operating VLBI networks during the 15 d of the CONT17 campaign. These two networks, of 14 globally distributed telescopes each, were designed for the estimation of Earth rotation variations, for which reason the resulting hourly ERP are appointed as benchmark in this investigation. To evaluate the advantage of a VLBI and ring laser combined solution, we create degraded versions of the original networks, containing only six stations. The ERP derived from those sparse networks and from the VLBI sparse plus ring laser solutions are then compared in terms of differences to the reference values. It should certainly be considered that these are relative numbers, since they are also determined by the number and selection of the stations remaining in the sparse networks. The root mean square of the difference to the benchmark is reduced by 24 % in case of δUT1 from one network. The polar motion yp component from the same network moves 14 % closer to the reference value due to the inclusion of the ring laser data. The impact on xp and on all ERP from the other network ranges between 2 % and 9 %. The research again confirms the feasibility and also the potential gain of a combined evaluation of VLBI and ring laser observations, but the full capacity of such a sensor fusion will emerge once the ring laser gyroscopes reach a level of accuracy similar to VLBI.
Characterization and first results from LACIS-T: A moist-air wind tunnel to study aerosol-cloud-turbulence interactions
Authors: Niedermeier Dennis , Voigtländer Jens , Schmalfuß Silvio , Busch Daniel , Schumacher Jörg , Shaw Raymond A. , Stratmann Frank
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The interactions between turbulence and cloud microphysical processes have been investigated primarily through numerical simulation and field measurements over the last ten years. However, only in the laboratory we can be confident in our knowledge of initial and boundary conditions, and are able to measure under statistically stationary and repeatable conditions. In the scope of this paper, we present an unique turbulent moist-air wind tunnel, called the Turbulent Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS-T) which has been developed at TROPOS in order to study cloud physical processes in general and interactions between turbulence and cloud microphysical processes in particular. The investigations take place under well-defined and reproducible turbulent and thermodynamic conditions covering the temperature range of warm, mixed-phase and cold clouds (25 °C > T > −40 °C). The continuous-flow design of the facility allows for the investigation of processes occurring on small time (up to a few seconds) and spatial scales (micrometer to meter scale) and with a Lagrangian perspective. The experimental studies using LACIS-T are accompanied and complemented by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations which help us to design experiments as well as to interpret experimental results. In this paper, we will present the fundamental operating principle of LACIS-T, the numerical model as well as results concerning the thermodynamic and flow conditions prevailing inside the wind tunnel combining both characterization measurements and numerical simulations. Finally, first results are depicted from deliquescence/hygroscopic growth as well as droplet activation and growth experiments. We observe clear indications of the effect of turbulence on the investigated microphysical processes.
Better molecular preservation of organic matter in an oxic than in a sulphidic depositional environment: evidence from of Thalassiphora pelagica (Dinoflagellata, Eocene) cysts
Authors: Versteegh Gerard J. M. , Houben Alexander J. P. , Zonneveld Karin A. F.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Anoxic sediments as compared to oxic settings encompass a much higher proportion of relatively labile and thus more reactive organic matter, naturally giving rise to condensation reactions (such as vulcanisation) transforming the original biomolecules into geomolecules. For the oxic environment where the labile, reactive, component is rapidly removed, such transformation and condensation is much less likely so that one would expect a structurally much better preservation of the more refractory initial biomolecules. To test this hypothesis, initially identical biomolecules need to be compared between different preservational environments. Here, we use the species specific morphology of organic microfossils to assure a single initial biosynthetic product (the cysts of the fossil dinoflagellate species Thallasiphora pelagica) for comparison. We assess the macromolecular structures of cysts from the Eocene (~ 40 Ma) sulphidic Rhine Graben and the oxic Kerguelen Plateau and compare them with each other and the structures of recent cysts. While between the sites the T. pelagica cysts are morphologically identical, pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectroscopy and micro Fourier transform infra red analyses show that their macromolecular characteristics are strongly different. The cysts deposited in the sulphidic Rhine Graben show a strong contribution of long-chain aliphatic moieties and organic sulphur, absent in the material deposited on the oxic Kerguelen Plateau. Comparison with recent cyst walls suggests a much better molecular preservation for the oxic depositional environment, confirming our initial hypothesis. This leads to the conclusion that the best preservation of molecular structure is not necessarily where most organic matter gets preserved, which, in turn, is important for understanding the nature and fate of sedimentary organic matter.
Ocean Deoxygenation and Copepods: Coping with Oxygen Minimum Zone Variability
Authors: Wishner Karen F. , Seibel Brad , Outram Dawn
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Increasing deoxygenation (loss of oxygen) of the ocean, including expansion of oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), is a potentially important consequence of global warming. We examined present day variability of vertical distributions of copepod species in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific (ETNP) living in locations with different water column oxygen profiles and OMZ intensity (lowest oxygen concentration and its vertical extent in a profile). Copepods and hydrographic data were collected in vertically-stratified day and night MOCNESS tows (0–1000 m) during 4 cruises over a decade (2007–2017) that sampled 4 ETNP locations: Costa Rica Dome, Tehuantepec Bowl, and 2 oceanic sites further north (21°–22° N) off Mexico. The sites had different vertical oxygen profiles: some with a shallow mixed layer, abrupt thermocline, and extensive very low oxygen OMZ core, and others with a more gradual vertical development of the OMZ (broad mixed layer and upper oxycline zone) and a less extensive OMZ core where oxygen was not as low. Copepod species (including examples from the genera Eucalanus, Pleuromamma, and Lucicutia) demonstrated different distributional strategies and physiologies associated with this variability. We identified sets of species that (1) changed their vertical distributions and depth of maximum abundance associated with the depth and intensity of the OMZ and its oxycline inflection points, (2) shifted their depth of diapause, (3) adjusted their diel vertical migration, especially the nighttime upper depth, or (4) expanded or contracted their depth range within the mixed layer and upper part of the thermocline in association with the thickness of the aerobic epipelagic zone (habitat compression concept). The upper ocean to mesopelagic depth range encompasses a complex interwoven ecosystem characterized by intricate relationships among its inhabitants and their environment. It is a critically important zone for oceanic biogeochemical and export processes and hosts key food web components for commercial fisheries. Among the zooplankton, there will likely be winners and losers with increasing ocean deoxygenation as species cope with environmental change. Changes in individual copepod species abundances, vertical distributions, and life history strategies may create potential perturbations to these intricate food webs and processes. Present day variability provides a window into future scenarios and potential effects of deoxygenation.
Short Communication: A simple workflow for robust low-cost UAV-derived change detection without ground control points
Authors: Cook Kristen L. , Dietze Michael
Published: October 2019

Abstract. High-quality 3-D point clouds generated from repeat camera-equipped
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys are increasingly being used to
investigate landscape changes and geomorphic processes. Point cloud quality
can be expressed as accuracy in a comparative (i.e., from survey to survey)
and absolute (between survey and an external reference system) sense. Here
we present a simple workflow for calculating pairs or sets of point clouds
with a high comparative accuracy, without the need for ground control points
or a differential GNSS (dGNSS)-equipped UAV. The method is based on the automated detection of
common tie points in stable portions of the survey area. We demonstrate the
efficacy of the new approach using a consumer-grade UAV in two contrasting
landscapes: the coastal cliffs on the island of Rügen, Germany, and the
tectonically active Daan River gorge in Taiwan. Compared to a standard
approach using ground control points, our workflow results in a nearly
identical distribution of measured changes. Compared to a standard approach
without ground control, our workflow reduces the level of change detection
from several meters to 10–15 cm. This approach enables robust change
detection using UAVs in settings where ground control is not feasible.
Dynamics of hydrological model parameters: mechanisms, problems,
and solution
Authors: Lan Tian , Lin Kairong , Xu Chong-Yu , Tan Xuezhi , Chen Xiaohong
Published: October 2019

Abstract. It has been demonstrated that the application of time-varying hydrological model parameters based on dynamic catchment behaviour significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of conventional models. However, the fundamental problems for calibrating dynamic parameters still need to be addressed. In this study, five calibration schemes for dynamic parameters in hydrological models were designed to investigate the underlying causes of poor model performance. The five schemes were assessed with respect to the model performance in different flow phases, the transferability of the dynamic parameters to different time periods, the state variables and fluxes time series, and the response of the dynamic parameter set to the dynamic catchment characteristics. Furthermore, the potential reasons for the poor response of the dynamic parameter set to the catchment dynamics were investigated. The results showed that the underlying causes of poor model performance included time-invariant parameters, compensation among parameters, high dimensionality, and abrupt shifts in the parameters. The recommended calibration scheme exhibited good performance and overcame these problems by characterizing the dynamic behaviour of the catchments. The main reason for the poor response of the dynamic parameter set to the catchment dynamics may be the poor convergence performance of the parameters. In addition, the assessment results of the state variables and fluxes, and the convergence performance of the parameters provided robust indications of the dominant response modes of the hydrological models in different sub-periods or catchments with distinguishing catchment characteristics.
New water fractions and transit time distributions at Plynlimon, Wales, estimated from stable water isotopes in precipitation and streamflow
Authors: Knapp Julia L. A. , Neal Colin , Schlumpf Alessandro , Neal Margaret , Kirchner James W.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Long-term, high-frequency time series of passive tracers in precipitation
and streamflow are essential for quantifying catchment transport and storage
processes, but few such data sets are publicly available. Here we describe,
present, and make available to the public two extensive data sets of stable
water isotopes in streamflow and precipitation at the Plynlimon experimental
catchments in central Wales. Stable isotope data are available at 7-hourly
intervals for 17 months, and at weekly intervals for 4.25 years.
Precipitation isotope values were highly variable in both data sets, and the
high temporal resolution of the 7-hourly streamwater samples revealed rich
isotopic dynamics that were not captured by the weekly sampling. We used ensemble hydrograph separation to calculate new water fractions and
transit time distributions from both data sets. Transit time distributions
estimated by ensemble hydrograph separation were broadly consistent with
those estimated by spectral fitting methods, suggesting that they can
reliably quantify the contributions of recent precipitation to streamflow.
We found that on average, roughly 3 % of streamwater was made up of
precipitation that fell within the previous 7 h, and 13 %–15 % of
streamwater was made up of precipitation that fell within the previous week.
The contributions of recent precipitation to streamflow were highest during
large events, as illustrated by comparing new water fractions for different
discharges and precipitation rates. This dependence of new water fractions
on water fluxes was also reflected in their seasonal variations, with lower
new water fractions and more damped catchment transit time distributions in
spring and summer compared to fall and winter. We also compared new water fractions obtained from stable water isotopes
against those obtained from concentrations of chloride, a solute frequently
used as a passive tracer of catchment transport processes. After filtering
the chloride data for dry deposition effects, we found broadly similar new
water fractions using chloride and stable water isotopes, indicating that
these different tracers may yield similar inferences about catchment storage
and transport, if potentially confounding factors are eliminated. These stable isotope time series comprise some of the longest and most
detailed publicly available catchment isotope data sets. They complement
extensive solute data sets that are already publicly available for
Plynlimon, enabling a wide range of future analyses of catchment behavior.
Diagenetic evolution of fault zones in Urgonian microporous carbonates, impact on reservoir properties (Provence – SE France)
Authors: Aubert Irène , Leonide Philippe , Lamarche Juliette , Salardon Roland
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Microporous carbonate rocks form important reservoirs with high a permeability variability depending of sedimentary, structural and diagenetic factors. Carbonates are very sensitive to fluids-rock interactions that trigger to secondary processes like cementation and dissolution leading to reservoir properties modifications. As they can act as drains or barriers, fault zones influence the fluid flows in the upper part of Earth crust and increase the fluid-rock interactions. The aim of this study is to identify fault zone impact on fluid flows and reservoir properties during basin geodynamic history. The study focuses on 2 fault zones of the Eastern part of La Fare Anticlinal (SE France) where Urgonian microporous carbonates underwent polyphase tectonics and diagenesis. We took 122 samples along 4 transects cross-cutting two fault zones. Porosity values have been measured on 92 dry plugs. Diagenetic properties of samples have been determined on 92 thin sections using Polarized Light Microscopy, cathodoluminescence, red alizarin, SEM and isotopic measurements (δ13C and δ18O). Height calcite cement stages and 2 micrite micro-fabrics have been identified. This study highlight that fault zones acted as drain canalizing low temperature fluids at their onset, and induced fault zone cementation with two cementation phases, what has strongly altered and modified local reservoir properties.
Exploring the complexities associated with full-scale wind plant wake
mitigation control experiments
Authors: Duncan Jr. James B. , Hirth Brian D. , Schroeder John L.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Recent research promotes implementing next-generation wind plant control methods to mitigate turbine-to-turbine wake effects. Numerical simulation and wind tunnel experiments have previously demonstrated the potential benefit of wind plant control for wind plant optimization, but full-scale validation of the wake-mitigating control strategies remains limited. As part of this study, the yaw and blade pitch of a utility-scale wind turbine were strategically modified for a limited time period to examine wind turbine wake response to first-order turbine control changes. Wind turbine wake response was measured using Texas Tech University's Ka-band Doppler radars and dual-Doppler scanning strategies. Results highlight some of the complexities associated with executing and analysing wind plant control at full-scale using brief experimental control periods. Some difficulties include (1) the ability to accurately implement the desired control changes, (2) identifying reliable data sources and methods to allow these control changes to be accurately quantified, and (3) attributing variations in wake structure to turbine control changes rather than a response to the underlying atmospheric conditions (e.g. boundary layer streak orientation, atmospheric stability). To better understand wake sensitivity to the underlying atmospheric conditions, wake evolution within the early-evening transition was also examined using a single-Doppler data collection approach. Analysis of both wake length and meandering during this period of transitioning atmospheric stability indicate the potential benefit and feasibility of wind plant control should be enhanced when the atmosphere is stable.
La configuration architecturale de l’espace carcéral dans Manon Lescaut de Prévost : les enjeux d’une représentation romanesque
Authors: Taktak Salwa
Published: October 2019

Les épisodes carcéraux rythment le roman. Manon Lescaut est prisonnière à la Salpêtrière à deux reprises ; Des Grieux à son tour fut enfermé quatre fois. Les espaces d’enfermement émaillent l’espace textuel. Ils se déclinent sur plusieurs formes architecturales ; on distingue le « chariot », la « chambre haute », ainsi que de véritables prisons incluant l’Hôpital, Saint-Lazare, le Petit-Chatelet et l’étroite prison à la Nouvelle Orléans. La matérialité des lieux d’enfermement, ses composantes (« bâtiment haut à trois étages et impénétrable », « les galeries bouchées par des portes épaisses », « la barrière », la « grande porte de la rue ») forment le cadre architectural dont Manon et Des Grieux dépendent. L’architecture est dotée de fonctions dramatiques, qui conditionnent le quotidien des personnages et les péripéties des évasions facilitées par les ruses de Des Grieux. L’architecture de l’espace carcéral met en relief la ferveur de la passion et la prouesse de l’amant, et devient symbolique de l’amour-passion.
Cladoniaceae of Montenegro
Authors: Burgaz Ana Rosa , Gutiérrez Blanca , Pino-Bodas Raquel
Published: October 2019

Como consecuencia de la recolección en 61 localidades efectuada en 2018, se amplía a 42 taxones del género Cladonia, además se aportan diez especies nuevas para Montenegro, Cladonia cariosa, C. coccifera, C. cyathomorpha, C. digitata, C. diversa, C. homosekikaica, C. imbricarica, C. merochlorophaea, C. novochlorophaea y C. subulata. Se amplía la distribución de muchos de los taxones citados con anterioridad para el territorio. Se discute la variabilidad química y la distribución de cada una de las especies encontradas.