bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDI FENOMENOLOGI KONTRUKSI DAN AKOMODASI PPAI KETAPANG TERHADAP BUDAYA MASYARAKAT
Authors: Sutomo Sutomo
Published: June 2020

Pesantren di tengah-tengah masyarakat memiliki peran yang sangat strategis dan juga memiliki basis sosial yang jelas. Namun dalam dinamika kehidupan pesantren juga mengalami pasang surut. Ada banyak pesantren dengan kondisi lingkungan religius tetapi dukungan masyarakat terhadap pesantren semakin buruk. Jadi jika ada satu pesantren PPAI Untuk itu, penelitian ini bermaksud mengungkap sebagai jawaban atas masalah tersebut. Metode kualitatif dipilih karena prosedur analitik penelitiannya dirancang non-matematis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap dan memahami sesuatu di balik fenomena sosial yang kurang dikenal. Keuntungan yang diharapkan dari menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif adalah untuk memberikan perincian rumit tentang fenomena yang sulit diungkapkan dengan metode kuantitatif. Konsep penting pemahaman publik tentang; Pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan akan lebih mudah terungkap dengan metode ini. Proses konstruksi sosial, inti dari pendirian pesantren adalah dalam rangka mewujudkan masyarakat manusia dan orang-orang saleh kepada Allah SWT, untuk mewujudkan cita-cita bangsa Indonesia menjadi Baldatun Thoiyibatun Warabbun Ghofur atau “gemah ripah loh jinawe toto tentrem kerto raharjo”. Pendekatan dalam rangka menyantrikan masyarakat sekitar, maka dibuatlah kegiatan yang mengakomodasi kebutuhan dan budaya masyarakat. Realitas akomodasi budaya yang dibuat oleh PPAI Ketapang dituangkan dalam berbagai kegiatan yang meliputi: Pertama, budaya seni, Baik sistem pengetahuan dan keterampilan. Yang ketiga adalah sistem organisasi. Keempat, adalah sistem penghidupan. Kelima, sistem teknologi dan keenam, adalah sistem keagamaan.
Reform of a Russian science as an institutional constructing
Authors: Chernysh Mikhail F.
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes theoretical and methodological aspects of the ongoing reforms of the Russian science. The reforms are based on a set of ideas (myths) whose implementation was supposed to raise the effectiveness of the Russian science, form its new institutional structure, similar to the structure of science in more developed countries. The “sacral” mytholodical component of the reforms had no foundation in the traditional practices that had been shaped by the Russian scientific community in its long history. The reforms took no heed of the specific separation of science and education that had historically emerged in Russia helping to concentrate scientific assets in the most promising directions and most effective institutions. The myth of the “global science” stressing intermingling and interaction of scientific projects across the world played its negative role. The universalist project of reforms did not reflect on the basic differences between the “natural sciences” and “sciences of the spirit”. The “sacral” perception of the Western science as an ideal mechanism of selection boosting scientific achievement led to performance measurement indicators thatignored the interests of sciences and researchers in social sciences and humanities. The ongoing reforms are fraught with developments that can weaken the Russian science and its human potential, downgrade its research agenda.
El virus de la incertidumbre
Authors: Romero Campoy Daniel
Published: June 2020

El presente ensayo toma como punto de partida varios artículos de opinión con el propósito de reflexionar sobre varias cuestiones que han surgido a raíz de la crisis sanitaria, económica y social del COVID-19. La pandemia ha puesto de relieve distintos asuntos trascendentales de nuestra sociedad: la desigualdad, el uso de la tecnología, la percepción de la realidad, el lenguaje, la solidaridad o los servicios públicos.
El fin de la historia. Treinta años después
Authors: La Torre Massimo
Published: June 2020

La caída del Muro de Berlín fue saludado por muchos analistas y académicos como el inicio de una nueva era. Con el fin de la Guerra Fría se vislumbraba una nueva etapa de paz y prosperidad. Tras la “revolución liberal” algunos avistaban el “fin de la historia”. Pero tal esperanza se disipó rápidamente: la desaparición del “socialismo real” relanzó un capitalismo desenfrenado y no sólo en los países ayer bajo la órbita soviética. El ordoliberalismo entendido como el establecimiento de un modelo económico altamente competitivo y garantizado jurisdiccionalmente, se infiltró también en las instituciones europeas. La crisis del año 2010 vino a confirmar para Europa su deriva neoliberal, tecnocrática. La onda expansiva del 9 de noviembre de 1989 aún no ha concluido. Nuevas turbulencias aguardan. El Brexit también puede interpretarse en esta clave, como una empresa más de demolición, “liquidación”, “liberalización”.
Políticas de control de la movilidad humana. Las expulsiones colectivas
Authors: Hernández Bologna Agostina Carla
Published: June 2020

En este artículo se desarrollará un análisis, delimitado al contexto europeo, sobre cómo las expulsiones colectivas representan una vulneración de derechos humanos, cuál es su impacto y cuál su tratamiento jurídico y jurisprudencial. Para ello se analizarán tres aspectos concretos: en primer lugar, el devenir de la “securitización” de las políticas de control migratorio y su externalización. En segundo lugar, se realizará un estudio de las expulsiones en general, como política de control migratorio, para analizar el caso específico de las expulsiones colectivas. Y, en tercer lugar, se analizará la política migratoria concretada a partir de la firma de convenios de readmisión de la UE o los Estados miembros con países de tránsito y origen, haciendo una breve mención al convenio bilateral firmado por España con Marruecos, con especial atención a la puesta en práctica y la regulación normativa de las devoluciones en caliente.
Necesidades como criterio fundamentador de los derechos humanos
Authors: Cotrina Gulfo Yamid Enrique
Published: June 2020

En el presente trabajo se propone una síntesis de las necesidades humanas condensadas en los pactos internacionales de derechos humanos (Derechos Civiles y Políticos y Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales) al igual que en los mecanismos emergentes que reconocen los actuales retos en derechos humanos y condiciones de vida de las poblaciones como la Agenda 2030 – Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Relacionándola con la teoría de las necesidades expuestas por Maslow de aquellas compuestas por las de carácter radical de mantenimiento y de autorrealización. Se hace lo propio con los instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos y una relación con lo propuesto en la doctrina jurídica.
Violencia urbana y Derecho Internacional Humanitario
Authors: Gutiérrez Suárez Francisco Javier
Published: June 2020

Con base en argumentos sociopolíticos, iusfilosóficos y jurídicos; el presente trabajo sostiene que es necesaria la aplicación de los principios y reglas básicas del Derecho Internacional Humanitario (DIH), en la violencia urbana, en la que se hace necesaria la aplicación de la fuerza por parte de la policía Estatal. La racionalidad sociopolítica se emplea para poner en cuestión la idea según la cual la violencia urbana está determinada por la ausencia de derechos; la aproximación iusfilosófica aborda la relación existente entre legitimidad del Estado y uso de la fuerza; finalmente, los argumentos jurídicos se desarrollan en torno al DIH.
Mujeres y sistema de pensiones en Chile
Authors: Rojas Castillo Jaime Luis
Published: June 2020

La presente ponencia analiza las relaciones de opresión, en los términos de I. M. YOUNG, que se generan a partir de las principales disposiciones del Sistema de Pensiones chileno establecido por el Decreto Ley 3.500, de 1980 y la Ley Nº 20.255, de 2008, el cual al basarse en estereotipos de género, produce graves consecuencias para las mujeres en materia de pensiones al no abordar las estructuras que asignan a las mujeres determinadas tareas en la sociedad, repercute en el monto de sus pensiones y las somete a condiciones de mayor vulnerabilidad en relación con los hombres.
Race and Decolonization in Language & Literacies: Unsettling Research and Practices
Authors: Teichert Laura , Brown Alexis
Published: June 2020

Editorial
The Association between The Degree of Liver Cirrhosis Severity and Zinc Serum Level
Authors: Yuwono Budi , Maimunah Ummi , Widodo Budi
Published: June 2020

Background: Impaired liver function in LC (Liver Cirrhosis) can cause Zinc deficiency (Zn). One of the causes of Zn deficiency in LC is decreased albumin synthesis, whereas albumin is required as the main Zn binding protein in plasma. However, some studies of the severity of LC with Zn serum levels still provide controversial results.Objective: To determine the association between the degree of LC severity and Zn serum level.Methods: The subjects of this study were LC patients in Gastroentero-Hepatology Unit and Internal medicine wards in of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya for three months. Diagnosis of LC was based on clinical examination according to Soehardjno-Soebandiri criteria and other findings (ultrasound or endoscopy). The degree of LC severity was determined based on the CTP score (Child-Turcotte-Pugh). Serum Zn concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. The research design used the cross-sectional method. The statistical test used was Spearman correlation.Results: Forty-three patients fulfilled the study criteria. The subjects consisted of 27 males (62.8%) and 16 females (37.2%) with the mean age of 53.81 ± 8.67 years. Based on the CTP scores, we obtained CTP A of 4 patients (9.3%), CTP B of 19 patients (44.2%) and CTP C of 20 patients (46.5%). The mean of Zn serum level in CTP A, CTP B, and CTP C score was 58.3 ± 19.6 μg/dl, 43.4 ± 14.5 μg/dl and 31.6 ± 10 μg/dl respectively. The result of the statistical test showed a significant correlation between LC severity and Zn serum level (p <0.05 and r = -0.583).Conclusion: The heavier the severity of LC, the lower Zn serum levels.
Comparison Of The Function Of Neutrophil Cells Oxidative Burst Among Various Group Ages
Authors: Setyawan Dwi , Sugiarto Gatot , Widajanti Novira
Published: June 2020

Background: In old ages there is a change in the immune system along with the aging process called the term immunosenescence. Neutrophil cells play an important role in natural immunity because they are the first immune cells to be deployed in the body's defenses.Objective: To prove that there is a difference in the function of neutrophil cell oxidative burst in older age group compared with the younger age group as well as the tendency of decreased oxidative burst function of neutrophil cells with increasing age.Method: This is a cross-sectional observational analytic study involving 48 healthy subjects. The subjects were divided into 3 age groups: young age (18-40 years old), middle age (41-59 years old), and old age ≥60 years old). Each of them were examined for the function of neutrophil cells oxidative burst. The data were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. The result was considered significant if p<0.05.Results: The obtained mean age 59.26±8.03 years old. The mean age for young age group was 28.75±6.66 years old. The mean of middle age group was 50.19±5.46 years old. The mean age of old group was 66.38±3.83 years old. The mean of netrofil oxidative burst cell function was 96.83±2.7% with mean of young age being 98.57±0.98%, middle age 97.71±1.64%, and old age 94.20±3.56%. One way ANOVA comparison analysis showed a significant difference with p = 0.000 (significant when p <0.05). The result of Rank Spearman test showed significant result with r=-0.590 (p=0.000).Conclusion: There are differences in the function of neutrophil cells oxidative burst between young and old age groups. There is a negative trend between the age group and the function of neutrophil cell oxidative burst. The increase of age causes decrease in the function of neutrophil cells oxidative burst.
Terapi Brief Mindfulness-Based Body Scan untuk Menurunkan Stres Atlet Bola Basket Wanita Profesional
Authors: Arbi Dian Kartika Amelia , Ambarini Tri Kurniati
Published: June 2020

Tujuan dari intervensi ini adalah untuk menguji efektivitas terapi mindfulness-based body scan untuk mengurangi stres pada atlet bola basket wanita profesional. Intervensi ini menggunakan desain single subject design. Setiap partisipan intervensi berlatih 5 menit mindfulness breathing, 15 menit body scan, dan STOP sebagai teknik untuk menghadapi situasi stres. Pada setiap sesi terapi, partisipan akan diberikan skala perceived stress (PSS-10) untuk mengukur perubahan tingkat stres pada setiap sesinya. Hasil dari analisis visual dalam intervensi ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan stres pada partisipan setelah terapi mindfulness-based body scan. Penulis menganalisis data dengan teknik percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) untuk mengukur effect size dan hasil analisis menunjukkan efek terapi yang relatif besar untuk menurunkan stres partisipan.
Gambaran Penerimaan Diri Pada Individu yang Memiliki Extrasensory Perception
Authors: Astuti Novita Putri , Hidayat Iwan Wahyu
Published: June 2020

Extrasensory Perception merupakan suatu kemampuan untuk menerima rangsang atau informasi bukan melalui indera fisik, melainkan melalui pikiran (Rhine, 1997). Individu yang menghayati dirinya memiliki kemampuan extrasensory perception tidak selalu dapat menerima. Adanya kesadaran karakteristik kemampuan diri berbeda dengan orang lain akan mempengaruhi fungsi diri dan penerimaan diri individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran penerimaan diri pada individu yang memiliki extrasensory perception. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian fenomenologi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga orang yang dipilih secara purposif. Teknik penggalian data menggunakan wawancara semi terstruktur, sedangkan teknik analisis menggunakan penelitian fenomenologi deskriptif (PFD). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tahapan proses penerimaan setiap individu tidak sama, hal ini dipengaruhi oleh penilaian dan kesadaran yang dimiliki oleh individu terhadap keadaan yang dialaminya. Faktor pendorong dalam penerimaan diri yang paling berpengaruh adalah dukungan sosial. Semua subjek dapat memaknai proses penerimaan diri terhadap kemampuan extrasensory perception secara positif. Extrasensory perception is the ability to receive stimuli or information not through the physical senses, but through the mind (Rhine, 1997). Individuals who have the ability to extrasensory perception cannot always accept. Characteristics of abilities different from others will affect self-function and self-acceptance. This study provides an overview of self-acceptance in individuals who have extrasensory perception. The research method uses qualitative methods with phenomenological research types. The research subjects were three people who were chosen purposively. Data extraction techniques use interviews, while analysis techniques use descriptive phenomenology research (PFD). The results of the study show that the individual acceptance process is not the same, because it is influenced by the assessment and awareness possessed by the individual towards the situation they experience. The driving factor in influencing self-acceptance is social support. All subjects can interpret the process of self-acceptance of the ability of extrasensory perception positively.
Hubungan antara Harapan (Hope) dengan Resiliensi Terhadap Istri yang Mengalami Involuntary Childless
Authors: Muharromah Rusliyanti , Hendriani Wiwin
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat ada atau tidaknya hubungan antara harapan (hope) dengan resiliensi pada istri yang mengalami involuntary childless. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk istri involuntary childless yang memiliki usia pernikahan 5 tahun atau lebih. Jumlah subjek dalam penelitian adalah 66 orang. Alat ukur yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah skala harapan State Hope Scale (SHS) (Snyder e. a., 1996) berjumlah 6 aitem (α= 760), skala resiliensi Resilient Quotient (RQ) (Reivich & Shatte, 2002) yang telah ditranslasi oleh Mardiani (2012) berjumlah 32 aitem (α=0,789). Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan, diperoleh hubungan yang positif (R=0,280, p<0,05) antara harapan (hope) dengan resiliensi pada istri yang mengalami involuntary childless. Hal tersebut dapat diartikan bahwa semakin tinggi tingkat harapan yang dimiliki, maka semakin tinggi pula resiliensi yang dimilikinya, begitupula sebaliknya. This study aimed to study should there be any relationship between hope and resilience on involuntary childless wife. The participants of the study were involuntary childless wives whose marriage age was 5 years or more. There were 66 participants. The measuring instrument of hope was Snyder’s State Hope Scale (1996) with 6 items (α= 760). The measuring instrument of resilience was Reivich & Shatte’s Resilient Quotient (2002) containing 32 translated items (α=0.789). The data analysis result confirmed that there was a positive correlation (R=0.280, p<0.05) between hope and resilience on involuntary childless wives. The results showed that higher level of hope signifies a higher level of resilience and vice versa.
Learned Helplessness Pada Wanita Dewasa Awal Korban Kekerasan dalam Pacaran yang Masih Bertahan dengan Pasangannya
Authors: Ananda Niken Citha , Hamidah Hamidah
Published: June 2020

Tujuan penelitin ini untuk mengetahui learned helplessness pada wanita dewasa awal korban kekerasan dalam pacaran yang masih bertahan. Learned helplessness adalah kondisi yang muncul karena ketidakmampuan individu mengatasi atau menghentikan peristiwa negatif yang terjadi terus menerus sehingga menyebabkan penurunan respon. Learned helplessness dibagi menjadi tiga dimensi yaitu penurunan motivasi, penurunan kognitif dan penurunan emosi. Penelitian ini mneggunakan teori learned helplessness milik Seligman (1975). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus instrumental, menggunakan analisis tematik theory-driven. Partisipan berjumlah 3 wanita dewasa awal berusia 22-23 tahun yang mengalami kekerasan dalam pacaran dan masih bertahan dengan pasangannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga subjek mengalami kondisi learned helplessness. Faktor yang memengaruhi munculnya learned helplessness pada ketiga subjek adalah fase kekerasan, kekerasan psikologis dan faktor power dan kontrol yang dimiliki pelaku. Ketiga subjek mengalami penurunan motivasi, penurunan kognitif dan penurunan emosi. This research aimed to explain learned helplessness in early adult women who were victims of dating violence, yet they still maintain the relationship. Learned helplessness is a condition where individuals are no longer able to cope or stop negative events that occur continuously, promoting response deficit. There are three learned helplessness dimensions: motivational deficit, cognitive deficit, and emotional deficit. This study used Seligman's (1975) learned helplessness theory. This was a qualitative study with an instrumental case study approach. The framework used was thematic analysis using the theory-driven approach. This study involved 3 early adult women aged 22-23 years old who experienced dating violence yet still maintain the relationship. The results showed that all participants experienced learned helplessness. There were three factors that influenced the learned helplessness; there was a cycle of violence, psychological violence, and power and control factor by the perpetrators. All participants demonstrated motivational deficit, cognitive deficit, and emotional deficit.
Hubungan Antara Parental Bonding dengan Kecenderungan Perilaku Seksual Pranikah Pada Remaja Akhir yang Berpacaran
Authors: Dwi Ariesa Putri Syarifah Ayu , . Prihastuti
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah terdapat hubungan antara parental bonding dengan kecenderungan perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja akhir berpacaran. Parental bonding merupakan keterikatan secara fisik dan emosional antara orangtua dan anak, dan menjadi dasar pembentukan emosi anak (Pak Luanpreda, 2015). Kecenderungan perilaku seksual pranikah yaitu intensi individu atas kemungkinan dirinya untuk melakukan perilaku tersebut (Fishbein & Ajzen, 2011). Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja akhir (18-21 tahun) yang berpacaran. Jumlah responden sebanyak 248 orang. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979), dan skala kecenderungan perilaku seksual pranikah (Devina, 2018). Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi teknik Sperman’s rho dengan bantuan SPSS 20.00 for Windows. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan nilai koefisian korelasi sebesar -0,295 dengan signifikansi 0,000, sehingga terdapat hubungan signifikan antara parental bonding dengan kecenderungan perilaku seksual pranikah dengan arah hubungan negatif, ketika parental bonding tinggi maka kecenderungan perilaku seksual pranikah remaja akan rendah.
Proses Kematangan Emosi Pada Individu Dewasa Awal yang Dibesarkan dengan Pola Asuh Orang Tua Permisif
Authors: Adila Dina Rahma , Kurniawan Afif
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran proses kematangan emosi individu dewasa awal yang dibesarkan dengan pola asuh orang tua permisif dilihat dari manifestasi kematangan emosi dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi proses kematangan emosi individu. Kematangan emosi termanifestasi melalui tiga dimensi yaitu kontrol emosi, pemahaman diri, dan fungsi kritis mental serta dipengaruhi faktor individu, lingkungan dan pengalaman dalam proses pencapaiannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik studi kasus intrinsik yang melibatkan empat individu dewasa awal. Teknik penggalian data menggunakan wawancara kualitatif dengan pedoman umum. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode analisis tematik theory driven. Pemantapan kredibilitas penelitian dilakukan dengan membercheck. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola asuh orang tua permisif berdampak pada proses kematangan emosi individu dewasa awal baik secara positif maupun negatif, ditandai dengan keadaan serta pengelolaan emosi yang terganggu, proses pencapaian pemahaman diri yang terbangun dari faktor di luar keluarga, dan fungsi kritis mental yang berkembang.
Interlaboratory comparisons on determining of alcohol by volume (abv) in vodka Measurement standards
Authors: Goryaeva L. I. , Fatkulina E. K. , Shchukina E. P.
Published: June 2020

The article provides an analysis of accuracy indicators for measuring the alcohol by volume (ABV) in vodka performed by various methods according to GOST 32035–2013 «Vodka and Special Vodka. Acceptance Rules and Methods of Anlysis». The results of two rounds of the interlaboratory comparisons on determination of the ABV in vodka conducted to verify the qualifications of accredited testing laboratories are described.

Information is provided on the development of the GSO 11142–2018 reference material for the volume fraction of ethanol in an aqueous solution (VER-2), certified for the volume fraction of ethanol in an aqueous solution, instances of which were used during the interlaboratory comparisons. The conclusion is made about the satisfactory quality of measurements of ABV in vodka in the accredited laboratories.
Pemanfaatan Lahan Pasca Tambang Timah dengan Budidaya Sawi
Authors: Lestari Tri A , Apriyadi Rion , Ulfa Dewi Ratna
Published: June 2020

Culture crop technology with ameliorant and mulch can fulfill nutrients to improve growth of mustard on post tin mining land. This research aimed to know the effect of various ameliorant and mulch for growth of mustard on post tin mining land. The method used was experimental method with factorial completely randomize design with four replications. First factor was type of ameliorant, consist of compost, and cow manure. The second factor was type of mulch, consist of no mulch, reed mulch, and black silver plastic mulch. The results showed that type of ameliorant significantly affected number of leave, root volume, root wet weight and root dry weight. Type of mulch significantly affected plant height, number of leave, shoot wet weight and root dry weight. Interaction of ameliorant and mulch significantly affected plant height, number of leave, root volume, shoot wet weight, root wet weight and root wet weight. Compost with black silver plastic mulch tended to give better results for growth of mustard on post tin mining land.
Pengaruh Aplikasi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dan Arang Sekam Padi terhadap beberapa Sifat Kimia Tanah pada Tomat
Authors: Harahap Fitra Syawal , Walida Hilwa , Rahmaniah Rahmaniah , Rauf Abdul , Hasibuan Rosmidah , Nasution Ade Parlaungan
Published: June 2020

The oil palm empty fruit bunches are solid waste produced from the processing of oil palms which have a large amount of potential to be used as compost and are expected to improve the physical, biological and chemical properties of the subsoil. This study aimed to evaluate the best combination between oil palm empty fruit bunches compost and rice husk charcoal on soil chemical properties in tomato. This research was conducted in Sona Village, Labuhanbatu Regency on December 2019-March 2020. Analysis of soil chemical properties was conducted at the Socfindo Seed Production and Laboratories (SSPL) Laboratory of PT. Socfin Indonesia. The study was conducted with a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors. The first factor was the application of oil palm empty bunches which consists of no oil palm empty bunches (control), 0.5 kg/polybag, 0.7 kg/polybag and 1 kg/polybag. The second factor was the application of rice husk charcoal which consists of non-husk charcoal (control), consisting of 0.2 kg/polybag and 0.4 kg/polybag. Data that had a significant effect after analysis of variance continued with DMRT at the level of α = 5%. The results showed that application of oil palm empty fruit bunches (0.7 kg/polybag) significantly increased pH and C-organic. Application of rice husk charcoal (0.2 kg/polybag) significantly increased C-organic and P-available.
HUBUNGAN KEKERABATAN GENETIK ANTAR SEMBILAN AKSESI KELAPA ASAL PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: TENDA ELSJE , TULALO MEITY , MIFTAHORRACHMAN MIFTAHORRACHMAN
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK

Informasi jarak genetik dan hubungan kekerabatan sangatdiperlukan dalam merakit varietas unggul. Semakin jauh jarak genetikantar tetua maka peluang dihasilkan kultivar baru dengan variabilitasgenetik yang luas akan menjadi semakin besar. Sebaliknya, persilanganantar tetua berkerabat dekat akan menghasilkan variabilitas yang sempit.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2007 di Kabupaten MinahasaUtara, Minahasa Selatan dan Bolaang Mongondow, Sulawesi Utara. Disetiap kabupaten ditetapkan tiga desa contoh pada ketinggian yangberbeda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkatkekerabatan dan jarak genetik sembilan aksesi plasma nutfah kelapa asalSulawesi Utara yang akan digunakan sebagai materi pemuliaan dalamperakitan kelapa unggul. Untuk mengetahui kekerabatan antara sembilanaksesi kelapa tersebut diukur jarak genetiknya dengan menggunakanperhitungan nilai D 2 statistik dari Mahalanobis didasarkan pada delapankarakter komponen buah, yaitu panjang buah, lebar buah, berat buah utuh,berat buah tanpa sabut, berat buah tanpa air, berat daging buah, tebaldaging buah, dan berat tempurung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwakesembilan aksesi kelapa tersebut membentuk lima kelompok dan jarakgenetik terbesar terdapat antara kelompok II (Dalam Lansot, DalamMongkonai, Dalam Dua Saudara) dan IV (Dalam Kaleosan, Dalam Kema)dengan nilai D 2 = 2.196,57. Sumbangan terbesar terjadinya jarak genetiktersebut diperoleh dari karakter tebal daging buah.

Kata kunci : Cocos nucifera L., kekerabatan, genetik, kelapa dalam

ABSTRACT

Genetic relationship among nine coconut accessions fromNorth SulawesiThe research was conducted in May 2007 at North Minahasa, SouthMinahasa, and Bolaang Mongondow Regions, North Sulawesi Province.From each region, three villages with different elevation were determined.The objective of the research was to find out genetic relationship amongnine coconut germplasm accessions for breeding material in composinghigh yielding coconut. The genetic relationships were estimated using D 2Mahalanobis Statistics based on eight characters of fruit component, suchas length of fruit, width of fruit, fruit weight, unhusked fruit weight,weight of fruit without water, weight of endosperm, thickness of kernel,and weight of shell. The result showed that the nine accessions weredivided into five groups and the widest genetic distance had been foundbetween group II (Lansot Tall, Mongkonai Tall, Dua Saudara Tall) and IV(Kaleosan Tall, Kema Tall) with the D 2  value of 2,196.57. The highestcontribution to the genetic relationship was thick of kernel (50%contribution). Lansot Tall and Kaleosan Tall can be used as parents forprepotent coconut.

Key words : Cocos nucifera L., genetic relationship, tall coconut
Evaluation of a sitting light volleyball intervention to adults with physical impairments: Qualitative study using Social–Ecological Model
Authors: Leung Ka Man , Chung Pak-Kwong , Chu William
Published: June 2020

Background: This study was a part of 16-week sitting light volleyball (SLVB) intervention program which examined the effects of the intervention on the physical and psychological attributes of adults with physical impairments (PWPI) in Hong Kong. Gaining a deeper understanding of the perceptions and experiences of PWPI in the SLVB intervention is critical to the development of SLVB as a physical activity and a sport. The aims of this study were (a) to assess participants’ experiences of the intervention and (b) to examine the suitability and feasibility of SLVB intervention for PWPI.Methods: Twenty participants (mean age = 53.52 years, standard deviation 9.02 years; 60% female; 25% with at least a college degree) participated in semi-structured interviews. Results: Content analysis revealed features of their experiences at the individual or intrapersonal level (physical and psychological health, enjoyment, novelty, competence, autonomy), interpersonal level (socialization and teamwork, social support), organizational and community levels (perceived sport venue environment, venue accessibility, safety, dissemination of information), and policy level (resources allocation by the government). The participants also commented on the suitability and feasibility of the SLVB intervention for PWPI, its content and coaching, the modified rules, the duration of sessions, scheduling, and the number of participants and coaches. Conclusions: This study identified several themes relevant to the promotion of PWPI engagement with SLVB and demonstrated that adopting a multilevel approach to the intervention resulted in positive outcomes for participants. Playing SLVB is suitable and feasible for PWPI. The findings contribute to the understanding of the experiences PWPI had of the SLVB intervention, which is critical to the further development of SLVB as a physical activity and a sport.
The origin of Epichloë endophyte - perennial ryegrass symbionts modify plant reactions to elevated concentration of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions in soil
Authors: Żurek Grzegorz , Wiewióra Barbara , Rybka Krystyna , Prokopiuk Kamil
Published: June 2020

Background: The phenomenon of plant mutualistic symbiosis with microbes may have a positive effect on the improvement of plant tolerance to environmental stresses. The influence of fungal endophyte of the Epichloë sp. (Clavicipitaceae) on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants grown in presence of elevated concentration of heavy metal (HM) ions (Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+) in soil was studied.Results: The presence of Epichloë in the host grass tissues resulted in increased accumulation of HM ions in aerial parts of plants and was dependent on host genotypes related to host plant origin. In plants with (E+) and without (E-) endophytes the hormesis effect was induced by the elevated concentration of Cu2+ ions, resulting in better growth and photosynthesis, as examined by measurements of Chl a fluorescence. The obtained results indicate that based on the laboratory evaluation of the efficiency of the symbiosis, we were able to choose the best associations of perennial ryegrass with endophytes for HM phytoremediation.Conclusions: The presence of Epichloë endophytes positively affected ryegrass ability to accumulate HM ions and this accumulation was associated with the origin of Epichloë-ryegrass symbionts.
Validation and reliability of a simplified food frequency questionnaire:A cross sectional study among physical health examination adults in southwest region of China
Authors: Cheng Zhengyan , Shuai Ping , Qiao Qichuan , Li Tingxin
Published: June 2020

Background: In China, many people are apt to participate in regular physical examination as a prevention. Some simplified food frequency questionnaire have been designed and used. However, the accuracy of questionnaire is absent. This study was conducted to examine the reliability and validity of simplified food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) used among physical examination adults in southwest region of China.Methods: This study was a cross sectional study among physical health examination adults in Southwest region of China. A total of 239 participants aged 20-65 were conducted during February to June in 2019. The performance of the SFFQ was evaluated by the mean of three-day 24-hour dietary record (3R24). The relative validity and agreement was assessed by the Pearson`s correlation and intra-class correlation coefficients(ICC) respectively. Results: The median energy-adjusted ICC of food groups between SFFQ2 and SFFQ1 was 0.59 (range: 0.49-0.73) and the ICC of nutrients was 0.47(range: 0.39-0.76). The Pearson correlation showed the validity between the SFFQ1 and 3R24, which ranged from -0.086 to 0.93 for food and and 0.21 to 0.71 for nutritions, respectively. Energy-adjustment slightly increased the correlation coefficients.Conclusions: The reliability and validity of the SFFQ was acceptable. It could be an appropriate dietary assessment tool for future epidemiological studies among physical health examination adults in southwest China.Trial registration:CHiCTR, ChiCTR1900020934, Registered 22 January 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=35414&htm=4.
Stepwise Protocols for Converting Astrocytes to Neurons in vitro and in Mouse Brain by Depleting Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein PTB
Authors: Qian Hao , Xiang-Dong Fu
Published: June 2020

We recently develop an efficient single-step strategy to convert isolated mouse and human astrocytes into functional neurons by depleting the RNA binding protein PTB in isolated astrocytes in culture and directly in mouse brain. We show progressive conversion of astrocytes into new neurons that can innervate into endogenous neural circuits. Focusing on midbrain, we demonstrate efficient conversion of nigral astrocytes into dopaminergic neurons whose axons reconstruct the nigro-striatal circuit. Significantly, re-innervation of striatum is accompanied by restoration of dopamine levels and rescue of motor deficits. Herein, we present key methods employed in this study as stepwise protocols.
Effect of hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 prevention in cancer patients undergoing treatment: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
Authors: Allahyari Abolghasem , Rahimi Hossein , Khadem-Rezaiyan Majid , Mozaheb Zahra , Seddigh-Shamsi Mohsen , Bary Alireza , Kamandi Mostafa , Azimi Sajad Ataei , HasanbAbadi Saeed Eslami , Noferesti Alireza , Shariatmaghani Somayeh Sadat , Rafatpanah Houshang , Khatami Shohreh , Imani Afshin Jabbar , Mortazi Hassan , Nodeh Mohammad Moeini
Published: June 2020

This is a multi-center, two-arm, parallel-group, triple-blind, phase 2-3 randomised controlled trial. All patients over the age of 15 from 5 types of cancer, acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemias, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, breast and colon cancer will enter the study. Patients are randomly assigned to two groups. During two months of treatment, the two groups are treated with either hydroxychloroquine or placebo. Patients will be monitored for COVID-19 symptoms. The primary end point of the study is to investigate the incidence of COVID-19 in patients.Randomisation will be performed using randomly permuted blocks. The allocation ratio in two groups is 1:1. Participants, caregivers, outcome assessor and the data analyst are blinded to group assignment.The calculated total sample size is 60 patients, with 30 patients in each group. The trial began on April 14, 2020 and recruitment is ongoing. Recruitment is anticipated to be completed by June 14, 2020. This trial has been registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the registration number of IRCT20200405046958N1.
Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and stigma related to latent tuberculosis infection: a qualitative study among Eritreans in the Netherlands
Authors: Spruijt Ineke , Haile Dawit Tesfay , Hof Susan van den , Fiekert Kathy , Jansen Niesje , Jerene Degu , Klinkenberg Eveline , Leimane Ieva , Suurmond Jeanine
Published: June 2020

Background: Tailored and culturally appropriate latent tuberculosis (TB) infection screening and treatment programs, including interventions against TB stigma, are needed to reduce TB incidence in low TB incidence countries. However, we lack insights in stigma related to latent TB infection (LTBI) among target groups, such as asylum seekers and refugees. We therefore studied knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and stigma associated with LTBI among Eritrean asylum seekers and refugees in the Netherlands.Methods: We used convenience sampling to interview adult Eritrean asylum seekers and refugees: 26 semi-structured group interviews following TB and LTBI related health education and LTBI screening, and 31 semi-structured individual interviews with Eritreans during or after completion of LTBI treatment (November 2016-May 2018). We used a thematic analysis to identify, analyse and report patterns in the data.Results: Despite TB/LTBI education, misconceptions embedded in cultural beliefs about TB transmission and prevention persisted. Fear of getting infected with TB was the cause of reported enacted (isolation and gossip) and anticipated (concealment of treatment and self-isolation) stigma by participants on LTBI treatment. Conclusion: The inability to differentiate LTBI from TB disease and consequent fear of getting infected by persons with LTBI led to enacted and anticipated stigma comparable to stigma related to TB disease among Eritreans. Additional to continuous culturally sensitive education activities, TB prevention programs should implement evidence-based interventions reducing stigma at all phases in the LTBI screening and treatment cascade.
Correlates of knowledge of family planning among people living in fishing communities of Lake Victoria, Uganda
Authors: Nanvubya Annet , Wanyenze R.K. , Nakaweesa T. , Mpendo J. , Kawoozo B. , Matovu F. , Nabukalu S. , Omoding G. , Kaweesi J. , Ndugga J. , Kamacooko O. , Chinyenze K. , Price M. A. , Geertruyden J.P. Van
Published: June 2020

Background Knowledge of family planning (FP) is a key determinant of contraceptive use which ultimately plays a role in attainment of good health and in conduct of clinical research. People living in fishing communities (FCs) have limited access to health services including FP and are targeted for future clinical research but their knowledge of FP and its correlates are scantily known. We determined correlates of knowledge of FP among people living in FCs of L. Victoria in Uganda to inform future FP education programs in FCs. Methods We conducted a comparative cross-sectional survey among participants aged 15-49 years from Kigungu and Nsazi. Participants were asked if they were aware of any FP method. All those who responded in the affirmative were further asked to mention what FP methods they had heard of or knew. Those who reported knowledge of at least one FP method were asked a series of questions about FP methods and their side effects. Knowledge was categorized into good or poor knowledge based on their mean total score. Poor knowledge constituted a score below the mean while good knowledge constituted a score of more than or equal to the mean total score. To further explore attitudes and perceptions of FP, ten in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions were conducted. Results Of the 1,410 screened participants, 94.5% were aware of at least one FP method. Pills and injectable hormonal methods were the most commonly known methods. Slightly over a third (38%) had good knowledge of FP. Correlates of knowledge of FP were; being female (aOR: 1.92 95% CI: 1.39-2.67), residing in Kigungu (aOR: 4.01 95% CI: 2.77-5.81), being married (aOR: 1.59 95% CI: 1.11-2.28) and currently being in a sexual relationship (aOR: 1.75 95% CI: 1.18-2.60). There were concerns about safety and effectiveness of some modern FP methods. Misconceptions on effects of FP like sterility, cancers and foetal abnormalities were common. Conclusion FP awareness among people living in FCs of L. Victoria in Uganda is high. However, good knowledge about specific methods tends to be low. Correlates of knowledge of FP include gender, residence, marital status and sexual engagement.
Estimating the Nationwide Transmission Risk of Measles in US Schools and Impacts of Vaccination and Supplemental Infection Control Strategies
Authors: Azimi Parham , Keshavarz Zahra , Laurent Jose Guillermo Cedeno , Allen Joseph Gardner
Published: June 2020

Background: The spread of airborne infectious diseases such as measles is a critical public health concern. The U.S. was certified measles-free in 2000, but the number of measles cases has increased in recent years breaking the record of the nationwide annual number of cases since 1992. Although the characteristics of schools have made them one of the most vulnerable environments during infection outbreaks, the transmission risk of measles among students is not completely understood. We aimed to evaluate how three factors influence measles transmission in schools: personal (vaccination), social (compartmentalizing), and building systems (ventilation, purification, and filtration). Methods: We used a combination of a newly developed multi-zone transient Wells-Riley approach, a nationwide representative School Building Archetype (SBA) model, and a Monte-Carlo simulation to estimate measles risk among U.S. students. We compared our risk results with the range of reported transmission rates of measles in school outbreaks to validate the risk model. We also investigated the effectiveness of vaccination and ten supplemental infection control scenarios for reducing the risk of measles transmission among students. Results: Our best nationwide estimate of measles transmission risk in U.S. schools were 3.5% and 32% among all (both unvaccinated and immunized) and unvaccinated students, respectively. The results showed the transmission risk of measles among unvaccinated students is >70 times higher than properly immunized ones. We also demonstrated that the transmission risk of measles in primary schools (assuming teacher self-contained classrooms) is less than secondary schools (assuming departmentalized systems). For building-level interventions, schools with ductless-with-air-filter and ductless-without-air-filter systems have the lowest and highest transmission risks of measles, respectively. Finally, our simulation showed that infection control strategies could cut the average number of infected cases among all students in half when a combination of advanced air filtration, ventilation, and purification was adopted in the modeled schools. Conclusions: Our results highlight the primary importance of vaccination for reducing the risk of measles transmission among students. Yet, additional and significant risk reduction can be achieved through compartmentalizing students and enhancing building ventilation and filtration systems.
Genomics-assisted prediction of salt and alkali tolerances and functional marker development in apple rootstocks.
Authors: Liu Jing , Shen Fei , Xiao Yao , Fang Hongcheng , Qiu Changpeng , Li Wei , Wu Ting , Xu Xuefeng , Wang Yi , Zhang Xinzhong , Han Zhenhai
Published: June 2020

Background: Saline, alkaline, and saline-alkaline stress severely affect plant growth and development. The tolerance of plants to these stressors has long been important breeding objectives, especially for woody perennials like apple. The aims of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and to develop genomics-assisted prediction models for salt, alkali, and salt-alkali tolerance in apple rootstock. Results: A total of 3,258 hybrids derived from the apple rootstock cultivars ‘Baleng Crab’ ( Malus robusta Rehd., tolerant) × ‘M9’ ( M. pumila Mill., sensitive) were used to identify 17, 13, and two QTLs for injury indices of salt, alkali, and salt–alkali stress via bulked segregant analysis. The genotype effects of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers designed on candidate genes in each QTL interval were estimated. The genomic predicted value of an individual hybrid was calculated by adding the sum of all marker genotype effects to the mean phenotype value of the population. The prediction accuracy was 0.6569, 0.6695, and 0.5834 for injury indices of salt, alkali, and salt–alkali stress, respectively. SNP182G on MdRGLG3 , which changes a leucine to an arginine at the vWFA-domain, conferred tolerance to salt, alkali, and salt-alkali stress. SNP761A on MdKCAB , affecting the Kv_beta domain that cooperated with the linked allelic variation SNP11, contributed to salt, alkali, and salt–alkali tolerance in apple rootstock. Conclusions: The genomics-assisted prediction models can potentially be used in breeding saline, alkaline, and saline-alkaline tolerant apple rootstocks. The QTLs and the functional markers may provide insight for future studies into the genetic variation of plant abiotic stress tolerance.
DPDDI:a Deep Predictor for Drug-Drug Interactions
Authors: Feng Yue-Hua , Zhang Shao-Wu , Shi Jian-Yu
Published: June 2020

Background: The treatment of complex diseases taking multiple drugs becomes popular. However, drug-drug interactions (DDIs) may give rise to the risk of unanticipated adverse effects and even unknown toxicity. DDI detection in the wet lab is expensive and time-consuming. Thus, it is highly desired to develop the computational methods for predicting DDIs. Generally, most of the existing computational methods predict DDIs by extracting the chemical and biological features of drugs from diverse drug-related properties, however some drug properties are costly obtained and not available in many cases.

Results: In this work, we present a novel method (called DPDDI) to predict DDIs by extracting the network structure features of drugs from DDI network with graph convolution network (GCN) and constructing the deep neural network (DNN) model as a predictor. GCN learns the low-dimensional feature representations of drugs for capturing the topological relationship to their neighborhood of drugs in DDI network. DNN predictor concatenates the latent feature vectors of any two drugs as the feature vector of the corresponding drug pairs to train a DNN for predicting the potential drug-drug interactions. The experiment results show that our DPDDI outperforms other four state-of-the-art methods; the GCN-derived latent features greatly outperform other features derived from chemical, biological or anatomical properties of drugs; the concatenation feature aggregation operator is better than other two feature aggregation operators (i.e., inner product and summation). The results in case studies indicates that DPDDI has the good capability for predicting the new DDIs.

Conclusion—We propose an effective and robust method of DPDDI to predict the potential DDIs, which just utilizes the DDI network information, working well without drug properties (i.e., drug chemical and biological properties). It can be expected that DPDDI can be helpful in other DDI-related scenarios, such as the detection of unexpected side effects, and the guidance of drug combination.