bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
مخاطر التعرية المائية لمنطقة بشدر في محافظة السليمانية
Authors: Al-Shammari Muhammad Hisham Abdul Rahman Mohi , Al-jaf Jwan sameen Ahmed
Published: December 2021

التعرية المائية من أهم العمليات الجيومورفولوجية التي تغير وباستمرار من شكل سطح الأرض ومعالمها إذ تتفاوت شدتها باعتماد العوامل المسببة لها والتي من أهمها المناخ والتضاريس وطبيعية التكوينات الجيولوجية التي تم تناولها لمنطقة الدراسة وبيان دورها كعوامل مسببة في تبيان الخطورة للمنطقة, تم تصنيف مخاطر التعرية المائية وقياسها حسب شدتها وفق نظام (Bergsma) وتم توثيقها بخريطة تفصيلية وتصنيفها إلى نطاقات التي أظهرت خمس أصناف من التعرية وهي نطاق التعرية المتوسطة بلغت مساحة هذا النطاق (6.46 كم2), ونطاق التعرية العالية بمساحة قدرها (124.71 كم2), ونطاق التعرية العالية جداً بمساحة مقدارها (858.96 كم2) وهو أعلى نطاق للتعرية في المنطقة, ونطاق التعرية الشديدة بمساحة قدرها (329.33 كم2), وأخيراً نطاق التعرية الشديدة جداً إذ بلغت مساحة هذا النطاق (46.17 كم2).
الموازنة المائية المناخية لمحصول البطاطا خلال العروتين الربيعية والخريفية في قضاء المحمودية
Authors: Radi Tania Juma , Al-Jaghifi Abdul Salam Muhammad Mail
Published: December 2021

يتطلب محصول البطاطا الربيعية والخريفية كمياه كافية لديمومة نموه بصورة طبيعية وعدم حصول مشاكل في نموه، لذا ركز البحث على حساب الموازنة المائية المناخية لمعرفة كمية الفائض والعجز لمائي للمحصول، وبناءً على ذلك توصل البحث الى ان الموازنة المائية المناخية في جميع أشهر فصل النمو لمحصول البطاطا سجلت عجز مائي، فقد سجل المحصول خلال العروة الربيعية مجموع عجز مائي كبير جداً اذ بلغ (-539.1، -638.6، -498.2 ملم) للمحطات الحلة وبغداد والعزيزية على التوالي، كذلك الحال بالنسبة للعروة الخريفية حيث بلغ فيها العجز المائي (-561.8، -695.4، -373ملم) لمحطات منطقة الدراسة على التوالي، وهذا العجز المائي يتطلب عملية ارواء لتعويض العجز المائي الحاصل.
أَدب الصّمت عند إيهاب حسن
Authors: Mohammed Raniah Salam , Awada Hanan Ali
Published: December 2021

يتناول هذا البحث فكرة أَدب الصّمت عند إِيهاب حبيب حسن (1925-2015) ، ويُعد أدب الصّمت عنده استعارة تعبير عن لُغة تجسّد توتُرات الإنسان الحديث ، وأدبْ الصّمت ليس نذيراً بموت الرّوح ، أَوضح فكرتهُ في كتاب " تقْطيع أوْصال أوفيروس " الأُسطورة اليونانية . إنّ أدب الصّمت (نوْع من الأدبْ) وهو مفهوم استعاره لِشرح الحداثة وما بعد الحداثة. أَدب الصّمت جِزءاً من الثقافة في القرن التّاسع عشرْ، وفي القرن العشرين أصبح عُنصر أساس في رُؤى الفن. واهتم حسن بالفلسفة من خلال نظرية المعرفة، فالصّمت لا يعني غِياب المعنى، بلْ هو ظاهِرة إيجابيّة، فهو مفهوم يصْلح للنقد الثقافي الأدبي، كما أنّه توْصّل إلى إيجاد مفهومين خلت منهُما ما بَعد الحداثة هي الحَقيقة والثقة. فالجمعْ بينهُما يولّد نوْعاً جديداً من العقائِد الواقعيّة الجديدة .
Comparison of chemical composition and nutritive values of some clover species
Authors: ERTEKİN İbrahim
Published: December 2021

This study was carried out to compare the chemical composition and nutritive value of some clover species, especially common in the rangelands of the Mediterranean region. For this purpose, clover species (Trifolium angustifolium, Trifolium cherleri, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium lappaceum, Trifolium nigrescens, Trifolium pilulare, Trifolium resupinatum, Trifolium scabrum, Trifolium spumosum and Trifolium tomentosum) were collected from ten different points in Hatay Mustafa Kemal University campus pasture. To determine the chemical composition of collected clover species, crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), hemicellulose (Hcel) and cellulose (Cel) contents were investigated. In addition, dry matter digestibility (DMD), dry matter intake (DMI), relative feed value (RFV) and net energy lactation (NEL) characteristics were calculated in order to determine the nutritional value of clovers. Differences among species in terms of all features examined were found to be statistically significant. CA, CP, NDF, ADF, ADL, Hcel and Cel contents of species varied between 5.36% and 9.85%, 18.47% and 22.05%, 30.31% and 49.80%, 21.32% and 34.28, 3.25% and 5.04, 8.99% and 15.97% and 18.07% and 30.38, respectively. It was determined that the values of DMD, DMI, RFV and NEL properties calculated for the nutritive values of these plants varied between 62.20-72.29%, 2.41-3.97%, 116.20-222.18 and 1.40-1.74%, respectively. When the results obtained from the study were evaluated collectively, it was determined that T. resupinatum and T. hybridum offered a superior nutrient content and nutritional value compared to other species.
Variation of components in laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) fixed oil extracted by different methods
Authors: TÜRKMEN Musa , KOÇER Oğuzhan
Published: December 2021

In the study, it was aimed to determine the constituents of laurel fixed oil obtained from the different genotypes of laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), which is one of the natural plants of the region and which is widely found in the flora of Hatay, by traditional, cold press and soxhlet extraction methods. When the GC/MS analysis results of these obtained oils were examined, the main components of the fixed oils in the traditional method were found as capric acid (2.49%), lauric acid (1.17%), myristic acid (0.16%), palmitic acid (13.69%), stearic acid (2.39%). ), oleic acid(55.01%), linoleic acid (10.56%) and linolenic acid(0.11%). In cold press method, fixed oil components was capric acid (0.24%), lauric acid(9.24%), myristic acid(0.98%), palmitic acid (18.41%), stearic acid (2.84%), oleic acid (38.59%), linoleic acid (23.67%) and linolenic acid (2.19%), while it was determined as capric acid (0.46%), lauric acid (11.16%), myristic acid (1.54%), palmitic acid (18.39%), stearic acid (3.58%), oleic acid (36.92%), linoleic acid (23.02%) and linolenic acid (2.54%) in soxhlet extraction method. As a result, while the components of laurel fixed oil did not change according to the fixed oil extraction methods, the amounts of these components changed. Therefore, it was determined that the method of oil extraction in laurel was important.
Comparison of Different Knowledge Representations for Complex Structured Objects in Solving AI Problems
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, 28 Universitetskiy pr., Stary Peterhof, 198504, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Kosovskaya Tatiana Matveevna
Published: December 2021

The problem of knowledge representation for a complex structured object is one of the actual problems of AI. This is due to the fact that many of the objects under study are not a single indivisible object characterized by its properties, but complex structures whose elements have some known properties and are in some, often multiplace, relations with each other. An approach to the representation of such knowledge based on first-order logic (predicate calculus formulas) is compared in this paper with two currently widespread approaches based on the representation of data information with the use of finite-valued strings or graphs. It is shown that the use of predicate calculus formulas for description of a complex structured object, despite the NP-difficulty of the solved problems arising after formalization, actually have no greater computational complexity than the other two approaches, what is usually not mentioned by their supporters. An algorithm for constructing an ontology is proposed that does not depend on the methodof desc ribing an object, and is based on the selection of the maximum common property of objects from a given set.
On Lessons Learned From Distance Teaching and Learning
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, 5, building 3, st. Professora Popova, 197376, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Entina Sofya
Published: December 2021

The coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic in Russia forced colleges and universities to switch to distance teaching and learning. The instructors had to make an emergency move to the remote methods of teaching using various platforms. In the course of the distance learning period in midst of an on-going pandemic, the instructors acquired valuable experience in on-line lecturing, administering tests, conducting tutorials, examination sessions, office hours, etc. Distance teaching called for new educational technologies that would provide the quality of education comparable to the in-person teaching. Compared to the traditional teaching, the time needed to prepare for classes has increased. However, it turned out that thanks to the technologies developed to facilitate high-quality distance interaction, many of the methodologies developed for distance learning can be quite useful in traditional (in-person) learning as well. Using a course in Linear Algebra and Algebraic Structures taught to the freshmen at Saint Petersburg Electro-technical University as an example, this article demonstrates that it is possible to use some of the communication technologies–based methodologies to enhance in-person learning.
Covid-19 as a Non-Military Threat: Implementation of State Defense for Civil Servants in Indonesia
Authors: Muliansyah Predi
Published: December 2021

Indonesia is one of the countries affected by the Covid-19 pandemic and its spread is still ongoing. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected government policy making and services both at the central and regional levels. The government is required to continue to take various steps to adapt to developments caused by this pandemic. The purpose of this study includes the efforts of the Civil Servants as one of the elements of the National Defense Reserve Component in dealing with Covid-19 as a non-military threat. The method used in this research is qualitative with research design using literature study. The research data were taken from journals, books, previous research, scientific articles, literature and news from official websites and the research subject was the Civil Servants. The results of the research are that the Civil Servants as a government apparatus should be a pioneer and take part at the forefront of every effort to defend the country, according to their respective fields and responsibilities. In the implementation of defending the state in the daily work of the Civil Servants in the form of love for the homeland, being aware of the nation and state, namely Pancasila as the ideology of the State, willing to sacrifice for the nation and the State, having the initial ability to defend the State.
Forms and Consequences of Examination Malpractices’ in Nigeria’s Schools and Universities: What Should the Stakeholders Do?
Authors: Alhassan Ayanniyi B. , Adamma Anya, Chidimma
Published: December 2021

Education, being a process of teaching and learning is evaluated through examination at the end of the learning period. The paper defined the concepts of examination, malpractice, examination malpractice and its numerous forms and sorting. It revealed the origin of examination malpractice in Nigeria, identified the traces of intended malpractices and explained the causal factors of examination malpractices. The paper highlighted the effects and consequences of examination malpractices in Schools and Universities and the efforts made to curb examination misconduct. Finally, while emphasising the urgent need for institutions to embrace integrity on a sustainable basis, the paper x-rayed what the stakeholders should do to remedy the odious and unacceptable behaviour of examination malpractices.
Using Fuzzy Inference to Evaluation Suppliers in Diyala General Electric Industries Company
Authors: Ayed Safa Basim , Khalaf Wakas S.
Published: December 2021

The research aims to evaluate the suppliers at Diyala general electric industries company conducted in an environment of uncertainty and fuzzy where there is no particular system followed by the company, and also aims to use the problem of traveling salesman problem in the process of transporting raw materials from suppliers to the company in a fuzzy environment. Therefore, a system based on mathematical methods and quantity was developed to evaluate the suppliers. Fuzzy inference system (FIS) and fuzzy set theory were used to solve this problem through (Matlab) and the problem of the traveling salesman in two stages was also solved by the first stage of eliminating the fuzzing of the environment using the rank function method, while the second stage used the method of the nearest neighbor to solve the traveling salesman problem (TSP) by drawing a path that facilitates the process of transporting raw materials in the least time where the programming (Winqsb) was used. The most important thing that was reached is the mechanism of evaluating the suppliers by giving a percentage to each supplier and also their ranking where the supplier (Japanese company) got the first place and it was (87.3) ... etc. The raw materials process was used in the least time and obtained at the lowest time of the transfer, which is 292 minutes
Reducing Organizational Anomie in Light of Entrepreneurial Behavior
Authors: Azeez Lamees Adnan , Hasson Shiffa Mohamed Ali
Published: December 2021

The research aims to clarify the role of the main variable represented by the four dimensions of entrepreneurial behavior (creative, risk-taking, seizing opportunities, proactivity), in Reducing the dependent variable of organizational anomie with the dimensions (Organizational Normlessness, Organizational Cynicism, Organizational Valuelessness).

The experimental, analytical method was adopted in the completion of the research, and an intentional sample of (162) individuals in the administrative levels (higher and middle) in the factory was taken. The questionnaire was also adopted as the main tool, which included (54) paragraphs, as (162) forms were distributed and 144 were retrieved from them, valid for statistical analysis from the total forms distributed to the factory.

The most important results of the research showed the effect of the dimensions of entrepreneurial behavior and directly on organizational anomie, and that the relationship of entrepreneurial behavior and at the total level was positive with organizational anomie. They ignore the values ​​of work to achieve their goals, as well as the existence of a spirit of cooperation and one team among workers in the factory
The Mediating Role of Managing the High Involvement Management Between Organizational Power and Negotiation StrategiesAnalytical Research of the Views of a Sample of Leaders of the Iraqi Ministry of Industry and Minerals
Authors: Neamah Hassan Abdulkareem , Mhaibes Hussam Ali
Published: December 2021

The research aims to test the relationship and impact of High Involvement Management as an independent variable in negotiation strategies as a response variable, at the headquarters of the Iraqi Ministry of Industry and Minerals in Baghdad Governorate, and then trying to come up with a set of recommendations that contribute to strengthening the negotiations carried out by the ministry’s leaders and based on the importance of the topic of research in public organizations and the importance of the surveyed organizations to the society. The descriptive-analytical approach was adopted in the completion of this research, and the research included a sample of (180) leaders of the Iraqi Ministry of Industry and Minerals, and data was collected from (120) respondents who represent the research community exclusively and comprehensively, represented by (general managers, directors of departments people managers). By adopting the questionnaire, which included (47) paragraphs, the personal interviews were used during the distribution of the questionnaire and the explanation and clarification of its paragraphs. The research adopted the program Amos V.26, Spss V.26) with the adoption of descriptive statistics methods (linearity test, normal distribution test, confirmatory factor analysis, building models of variables, arithmetic mean, percentages, standard deviation, relative importance, and coefficient of variation, Pearson correlation coefficient, simple regression coefficient, path analysis, Sobel test) to test its hypotheses. As for the most prominent conclusions of the research that showed the validity of the hypotheses, they were embodied in the effect of high inclusion directly in the negotiation process and its strategies, and from it, we conclude that the management of high inclusion affects the negotiation directly and indirectly, and on this basis, these indirect influences contributed to increasing the value of the effect. The research came out with a number of recommendations; the most important of which is the investment of the reciprocal and interactive relationship between the management of high containment and negotiation strategies, directly or indirectly, with the realization that their elements and dimensions and their ability to develop, change and add in a way that coincides with the development and diversity of jobs and changes in the accelerating environment
The Effect of Using Information and Communication Technology to Improving the Quality of Blended Learning Elements’, a Survey Study at the Technical College of Management /Baghdad
Authors: Ibrahim Bushra Abed , Hasan Baydda Flayyih
Published: December 2021

The research has been based on two main variables (information and communication technology) and the quality of blended education (physical and electronic), aiming to reveal the relationship between four dimensions (physical devices, software, databases, communication networks) and the elements of education represented by (the teacher, the student, the teaching process, curriculum).  The methodology and post-analysis-based research were conducted at the Technical College of Management / Baghdad through polling the opinions of a random sample that included (80) teachers out of (86) and the number of students (276) representing a random sample from all departments of the college (for the morning study) out of (3500) student. Tools for analysis and non-parametric statistical processing such as (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, relative importance) have been used to find out the perception of the sample members towards the research variables, and to test the validity of the hypotheses. The SPSS statistical analysis program of 2016 issuance has been used to test the correlation relationship and the impact among the main and sub-variables of the research. Finally, it has been concluded from the research that there is a correlation and influence between information and communication technology and the quality of education elements
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF PRODUCT INNOVATION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MARKETING INFORMATION SYSTEM AND CUSTOMER ORIENTATION
Authors: Sabri ALWATTAR Osamah Sohaib Mohammad , YURDAKUL Melek
Published: December 2021

Marketing information system (KMIS) is an essential factor of developing business’ performance and getting sustainable success. The main goal of the research is to measure effect of MIS on customer orientation and product innovation. Also, another goal is to analyze the mediation role of product innovation in relationship MIS and customer orientation. This study sought to analyze the marketing information system and measure its effect on the customer orientation and product innovation. The data of the study were collected using questionnaire. The data were analyzed using statistical tools and SPSS programming. The results of the study showed that the KMIS can positively and significantly effect product innovation. Also, the results show that KMIS can positively and significantly effect customer orientation. Moreover, MIS and product innovation together can positively and significantly effect customer orientation. According to that, product innovation has a mediation role in relationship between KMIS and the customer orientation. The findings are important in terms of developing and revealing the effects of KMIS in Iraqi operations
The Effectiveness of Indicators of Financial Discipline in Strengthening the Exchange Rate, with a Special Reference to Iraq
Authors: Fenjan Karrar Mahdi , Salman Muhammad Saleh
Published: December 2021

Controlling public expenditures is one of the main objectives of the public budget. The public budget often suffers from a deficit, whether in developed or developing countries, because expenditures are usually greater than the revenues generated. This requires the existence of financial rules that are adhered to by the government, which in turn leads to discipline. Fiscal policy leads to a reduction in the obligations incumbent on the government.  Adhering to the financial rules would correct the course of fiscal policy in Iraq, with the need to direct oil revenues in the years of financial abundance when global oil prices rise to sovereign funds similar to other rentier countries, which contributes to maintaining the stability of the exchange rate and reducing dependence on The Central Bank. It performs monetary sterilization operations to sterilize the negative effects resulting from the lack of fiscal policy discipline, which negatively affects the foreign currency reserves and depletes them. The main conclusion reached by the research is that there is a state of financial indiscipline that has negatively affected the Iraqi dinar exchange rate, and that the attempts of the Central Bank of Iraq have partially worked to reduce the negative effects of the expansionary financial policy, and the main recommendation of the research was to work to achieve more discipline in fiscal policy in order to reduce the state of economic instability and mitigate the monetary sterilization policy by The Central Bank and the accompanying depletion of hard currency
Expatriate Workers and Its Repercussions on the Economy and Labor Market in Iraq After 2003
Authors: Dawood Yusur Qasim Abdulhameed , Salih Lorance Yahia
Published: December 2021

The demand for expatriate labor to Iraq increased after 2003 as a result of the openness that Iraq experienced, but this expatriate labor, which was requested at an increasing rate, has had economic, social, and political effects on the Iraqi economy in general, and the Iraqi labor market in particular. This is due to the high rates of unemployment, as most of these expatriate workers cause competition to local labor, and thus cause repercussions on the Iraqi economy as a whole, except for those expatriate workers coming with companies working in the oil sector. Iraq's GDP
Investment Trends for Iraqi Industries in Terms of Clean Production (selected model)
Authors: AL-Munim Mohanad Ali Hussein , Abdul hameed Manahel Mustafa
Published: December 2021

Industrial Investment according to Clean Productive methods is an important element in the process of rational use of Economic Resources, and the Iraqi industrial sector relied on traditional production methods; the productive activities in this sector did not take into consideration the environmental dimension, which leads to achieving the optimal use of economic resources, so it was necessary to have new investment trends heading with Clean Production. Therefore, the research is based on the hypothesis that "Clean Production contributes to improving the environment and rational use of Natural Resources." Based on the descriptive - inductive analysis methodology that study of Iraqi industries with Clean Production, and by seeking to collect the largest number of data and information related to these industries in order to obtain results and test the research hypothesis.

   The research concluded that despite the orientation of some Industries in Iraq towards Clean Production, they do not seek to achieve Sustainability in economic resources. For this, the researchers concluded that it is necessary to work seriously in harnessing technology, applied and technical sciences to direct Industrial Investment in Iraq towards Clean Products, by finding industrial alternatives that involve Cleaner Production and compensating for the inputs with Environmental damage.

Research paper; Technical paper; Conceptual paper; Case study
Comparison of Some Semi-parametric Methods in Partial Linear Single-Index Model
Authors: Ahmed Huda Yahya , Hmood Munaf Yousif
Published: December 2021

The research dealt with a comparative study between some semi-parametric estimation methods to the Partial linear Single Index Model using simulation. There are two approaches to model estimation two-stage procedure and MADE to estimate this model. Simulations were used to study the finite sample performance of estimating methods based on different Single Index models, error variances, and different sample sizes , and the mean average squared errors were used as a comparison criterion between the methods were used. The results showed a preference for the two-stage procedure depending on all the cases that were used
Mathematical Modelling of Gene Regulatory Networks
Authors: Al-shykhly Ruaa Rifaat , Hameed Lamyaa Mohammed Ali
Published: December 2021

This research includes the use of an artificial intelligence algorithm, which is one of the algorithms of biological systems which is the algorithm of genetic regulatory networks (GRNs), which is a dynamic system for a group of variables representing space within time. To construct this biological system, we use (ODEs) and to analyze the stationarity of the model we use Euler's method. And through the factors that affect the process of gene expression in terms of inhibition and activation of the transcription process on DNA, we will use TF transcription factors. The current research aims to use the latest methods of the artificial intelligence algorithm. To apply Gene Regulation Networks (GRNs), we used a program (MATLAB2020), which provides facilitation to the most important biological concepts for building this biological interaction
Comparison of Some Non-Parametric Quality Control Methods
Authors: Fawzi Hiba Mustafa , Jaber Asmaa Ghalib
Published: December 2021

Multivariate Non-Parametric control charts were used to monitoring the data that generated by using the simulation, whether they are within control limits or not. Since that non-parametric methods do not require any assumptions about the distribution of the data.  This research aims to apply the multivariate non-parametric quality control methods, which are Multivariate Wilcoxon Signed-Rank ( ) , kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and k-nearest neighbor ( −
A Proposed Mechanism for Financial Reporting on Sustainable Investment and Its Role in Achieving Value Added - Applied in the Iraqi Midland Refineries Company-
Authors: Ali Mohammed Ataallah , Abdullah Salman Hussein
Published: December 2021

The research aims to develop a proposed mechanism for financial reporting on sustainable investment that takes the specificity of these investments.

To achieve this goal, the researcher used (what if scenario) where the future financial statements were prepared for the year 2026, after completion of the sustainable project and operation, as the project requires four years to be completed.

The researcher relied on the results of the researchers collected from various modern sources relevant to the research topic and published on the internet, and the financial data and information obtained to assess the reality of the company's activity and its environmental, social, and economic impacts to formulate a proposed mechanism for accounting for Sustainable Investment.

And the experimental approach was adopted to provide a proposed mechanism for financial reporting on sustainable investment per international accounting and reporting standards and then applied at the Iraqi Midland refineries company.

There are three main findings from the research: the first finding shows the possibility of financing these projects, because this project may not generate significant economic returns (aims to achieve environmental and social returns as well), by configuring a sustainable reserve allocated to finance these projects. The second finding shows the possibility of presenting accounts for sustainable investment separately from traditional accounts (sustainability reserves, sustainable assets, sustainable revenues, sustainability expenses), as this classification can play an important role in the financial sustainability analysis. The third finding is the application of the proposed mechanism that contributes to increase the company's added value.

The practical effects of the research are to encourage Iraqi companies (oil companies in particular) to invest in sustainable assets and develop a way to assess the sustainability of companies, because Iraq is one of the most Arab countries burning Gas flare. The researcher tried to highlight this project because it is the best example of sustainable investment that achieves economic returns (the sale value of recovered gases), social returns (protection of citizens living in the vicinity of the refinery) and environmental returns (reducing greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming), where companies avoid investing in these assets because of their high cost and lack of expected financial return, and the relevant international organizations seek to promote this type of investment and develop appropriate tools, and this research comes in line with international trend.

The concept of sustainable investment is a relatively recent one, where the originality of the current research shows in its attempt to present a proposed mechanism of financial reporting that supports this new type of investment due to the relative importance of this new type of investment
The efficiency of Using Attribute and Performance- Based Activity Methods to Raise the Level of Control Deviation A field study in Jaber Bin Hayyan Factory
Authors: Aljuboori Intisar saber , Agha Nada Abdu-lrazak
Published: December 2021

Cost is the essence of any production process for it is one of the requirements for the continuity of activities so as to increase the profitability of the economic unit and to support the competitive situation in the market. Therefore, there should be an overall control to reduce the cost without compromising the product quality; to achieve this, the management should have detailed credible and reliable information about the cost to be measured, collected, understood and to analyze the causes for the spread of deviations and obstacles the management faces, and to search for the factors that trigger the emergence of these deviations and obstacles
Effectiveness of Ayurved Siriraj Prasa-Nam-Nom Recipe on Breast Milk Volume in Early Postpartum Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- Controlled Trial
Authors: Chanprapaph Pharuhas , Thippayacharoentam Chantanat , Iam-am Apirada , Lumlerdkij Natchagorn , Akarasereenont Pravit , Laohapand Tawee , Bangkha Sudarat , Kumleemak Nhupat , Piyophirapong Sudarat , Nimmannit Akarin , Thippayacharoentam Thapthep
Published: December 2021

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of Ayurved Siriraj Prasa-Nam-Nom (ASPNN) recipe on breast milk production in early postpartum women.

Methods: Fifty-four normal vaginal term delivery mothers who had inadequate milk volume were enrolled into this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. All participants received ASPNN or placebo 1,500 mg three times/day for 3 days in the hospital and 7 days at home. Primary outcomes, including breast milk volume, %creamatocrit, and level of prolactin, were evaluated on day 1 and day 3. Satisfaction scores, adverse effects, and types of breastfeeding were also determined.

Results: On day 3, milk volume was increased in both groups. The median volume of ASPNN group was 19 ml, while that of the placebo group was 30 ml. The median %creamatocrit of ASPNN and placebo group were 7.17% and 6.98%, respectively. Mean serum prolactin levels of ASPNN and placebo group were 321.76 + 114.23 ng/ml and 323.78 + 116.68 ng/ml, respectively. Although the effects were not difference from the placebo, the reduction of prolactin in ASPNN was lower. Minor adverse effects included skin rash and mild diarrhea. Exclusive breastfeeding rate on day 11 in ASPNN and placebo group were 92.6 % and 88.5%, respectively.

Conclusion: Short term ASPNN supplementation produce no direct effect on breast milk volume, creamatocrit, and serum prolactin. It was safe and might help maintaining serum prolactin. A future trial with more participants and longer period should be conducted to confirm the effect of ASPNN on breast milk quantity and quality.
Factors Predicting Survival in Ruptured Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Surgical Resection
Authors: Assawasirisin Charnwit , Sangserestid Pholasith , Sirivatanauksorn Yongyut , Limsrichamrern Somchai , Kositamongkol Prawat , Mahawithitwong Prawej , Tovikkai Chutwichai , Dumronggittigule Wethit
Published: December 2021

Background: Today, ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a less frequently encountered problem globally due to availability of cancer surveillance protocols for the high-risk population. However, in Thailand, a number of patients do not enroll in screening programs, leading to high rates of ruptured complications. In fit-for-surgery and clinically stable patients, hepatectomy means long-term survival. This study aimed to identify predictive factors of survival in resected patients.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients with ruptured HCC who underwent liver resection between January 2013 and December 2019 at Siriraj Hospital was performed. The clinical data and outcomes of patients were analyzed.

Results: A total of forty-five patients with ruptured HCC underwent resection or 9.8% (45/460) of all operable HCC cases. There were 6 patients (14.3%) who suffered from postoperative liver failure and one patient (2.4%) died within 30 days. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival were 90%, 64%, 52% and 42.5%, 24%, 16% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The factors affecting OS were tumor size > 10 cm, vascular invasion, and positive resection margin.

Conclusion: Ruptured HCC is treatable disease and surgical resection plays a major role in good outcomes in patients.
Cardiovascular Presentation in Pheochromocytoma: What We Should be Aware
Authors: Amalia Rizki , Dewi Ivana Purnama , Wardhani Louisa Fadjri Kusuma , Pikir Budi Susetio
Published: December 2021

Pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine-producing tumor that although being a rare disease, it poses diagnostic problems because its clinical presentation often mimics certain diseases, including cardiovascular disorders. The effects of excessive catecholamine secretion cause a variety of cardiovascular presentations ranging from hypertension to life-threatening cases such as hypertensive emergency, shock, supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias, pulmonary edema, and acute coronary syndromes. The principal medical treatment for pheochromocytoma is a blockade of adrenergic receptors. However, surgical or tumor resection often provides complete resolution of abnormal myocardial dysfunction or arrhythmias, so this approach remains the mainstay of treatment that should be performed as soon as the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma is established. As clinicians, we must be aware of the characteristics of the cardiovascular manifestations of pheochromocytoma to make an earlier diagnosis and more appropriate management.
THE CRACK USER AND THE CARE NETWORK: INTERVENTIONS AT THE UNIFIED HEALTH SYSTEM IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Authors: Schein Sílvia , Eschiletti Prati Laíssa
Published: December 2021

Crack consumption is being a problem that challenges health systems all over the world. In Brazil, changes in public policies were trying to organize the net of services that deal with this public. This paper presents how the public health system is organized and what are the interventions adopted in the different services that attend crack users. Using Ecological Insertion, researchers followed the everyday interventions at different services during three months (in each place). All the observations were registered in field diaries that were qualitatively analyzed. The data collection happened in three hospitals, six psychosocial attention centers, and five basic health unities in Paranhana Valley, southern Brazil. These services are distributed in different levels of attention in the health system. Results show that treating crack users still is a challenge for the system. The services must work integrated and adequate to the user demands. The multidisciplinary work is fundamental (involving psychiatry, psychology, social work and physical education). Different treatment approaches are needed, keeping the crack dependents and their family attended. The general hospital is the preferential therapeutic strategy. The basic health unities do not recognize their responsibility with this public and the psychosocial centers has the feeling that what are offered doesn’t attend the dependent demand. Despite the efforts to provide quality service, professional specialization and commitment with the patients are aspects that must be improved.
Key words: crack cocaine, health care (Public Health), psychology, social, public policy.
A educação infantil no Brasil: a perspectiva no Estágio Supervisionado
Authors: Da Silva Souza Davison , Lima de Farias Cruz Débora
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho visa resgatar a história da educação infantil no Brasil e seus processos, percorrendo desde o período imperial até os dias atuais, incluindo as legislações que abordam a temática. Temos como objetivo geral reconhecer o papel da educação infantil no Brasil a partir do nosso olhar na posição de estagiários. O relatório abordado nesse trabalho relata a percepção dos educandos no momento de observação na pré-escola da rede pública de Fortaleza, capital do Ceará. Ao todo, foram oito observações em uma turma de infantil IV. Durante o estágio supervisionado ficamos impossibilitados de fazer a regência por conta da pandemia que, até então, era de uma nova doença denominada Covid-19. Ao longo desta narrativa utilizamos autores como Oliveira (2011) e Gimenes (2013). No decorrer da disciplina agregamos diversas percepções sobre o aprendizado das crianças, seu cotidiano e as influências externas no processo de desenvolvimento e ensino-aprendizagem.
BNCC: uma breve análise pautada na Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica
Authors: Cristian Ferreira Cruz Marden
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo traz uma análise da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) pautada na Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica (PHC). Em seus fundamentos, a PHC coaduna com o materialismo histórico-dialético e orienta-se na obra de Dermeval Saviani. Utilizou- se para a realização deste trabalho a metodologia de abordagem qualitativa mediante investigação documental e bibliográfica. A análise traz uma crítica à abordagem por competências, basilar na BNCC. A defesa desta abordagem possibilita uma forte influência dos interesses da classe capitalista nas políticas curriculares nacionais em detrimento dos anseios e necessidades da classe trabalhadora.
Aqidah Deviations in the Millennial Era
Authors: Sori Monang  , Bambang Saputra  , Abdurrohim Harahap
Published: December 2021

In religious life that occurs in this millennial era, there are many misunderstandings regarding the issue of aqidah and other faith issues. Thoughts, ideologies, and activities that are contrary to aqidah and sharia, of course, cannot just develop in the community because they will cause people's unrest and cause people to become victims of misguidance. Without the right aqidah one will fall prey to suspicion or accusations and also doubts so that gradually it will hinder people from the right view. People's behavior like this will inevitably lead to deviations in the implementation of religious teachings. Therefore, serious efforts must be made to stop and awaken them to return to the right path.
About the Pros and Cons of Democratic State – Legal Regimes
Authors: Kozhevnikov Vladimir Valentinovich
Published: December 2021

This scientific article is devoted to the characteristics of the liberal-democratic and proper democratic state-legal regimes, which have both positive and negative properties. Speaking about a proper democratic state-legal regime, it is argued that this is an ideal that any society and state strives to achieve.
Comparative Anatomical Characteristics of the Subgenus Cyanus (Mill.) Hayek (Asteraceae) In Turkey
Authors: ÇItak Burcu Yilmaz , ŞIrin Emrah , Dural Hüseyin , Ertuğrul Kuddisi
Published: December 2021

The identification of species based on anatomical characters is valuable to investigate their taxonomic status, phylogeny and understand their autoecology. The current study analysed the stem and leaf properties of 20 species of the subgenus Cyanus (Mill.) Hayek in Turkey. The Cyanus species exhibited xeromorphic anatomical features, such as tight palisade parenchyma and induced spongy parenchyma, which indicated adaptations to the arid soil and a forest ecosystem in which they occurred, as well as to high light intensity and precipitation. Anatomical features such as the midrib shape and number of vascularization patterns differed among the species. Similar anatomical characters were analysed for the investigated species. These properties can provide an important database for future studies including the phylogeny within the subgenus Cyanus.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(2): 295-309, 2021 (December)
Seed Macro- And Micro-Morphology of Some Species Of Kickxia Dumort, Scrophularia L. And Plantago L. From Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Masoudi Luluah M , Bukhari Najat A , Whibi Mona Al
Published: December 2021

The seed macro- and micro-morphological characters of 13 species belonging to three genera; Kickxia Dumort, Scrophularia L. and Plantago L., collected from different localities of Saudi Arabia, were studied using a Stereomicroscope and Scanning Electron Microscope for evaluating their taxonomic relationships. Three macro-morphological characters of seeds were shape, size, and color while three diagnostic micromorphological characters were seed coat sculpture, the anticlinal and periclinal wall., The seed shape seems to be specific in Plantago L. (peltate, angled) than the two other genera while the color and seed size show little importance. The Plantago L. has a specific rugose sculpture while the other two genera have either tuberculate or alveolate. So Plantago L. was possessed no affinities to Kickxia Dumor or Scrophularia L.. This observation gives extra support to the earlier taxonomic views that suggested the retention of two genera in the traditional family Scrophulariaceae and maintaining Plantago L. in a separate monogeneric family Plantaginaceae Detailed analysis of seed characters of more species is needed to clarify the systematic relationships between the three genera. A key to the identification of studied species based on seed micro- and macro-morphological characters is provide.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(2): 385-393, 2021 (December)
Immunophenotypic characteristics of Diffuse Large Bcell Lymphoma
Authors: Alam SM Mahbubul , Khaled Ahmed
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is essential in the diagnostic workup of Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Determination of biological heterogenicity of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is critical to institute precise treatment and predict prognosis. IHC confirms B cell phenotypes, reflects molecular subtype based on cell of origin and determines other immunophenotypic characteristics.
Methods and Material: All cases of DLBCL diagnosed in 2020 (Jan-Dec) in histopathology department of Evercare Hospital Dhaka were included in this study. Histopathological sections were stained with CD20, CD3, CD5, CD30, BCL2, BCL6, CD10, MUM1, MYC, Ki67 and other markers. Hans algorithm was applied to classify DLBCL cases into germinal center B-cell (GCB) or Non-GCB.
Results: Out of 64 DLBCL cases, 21 (24%) of DLBCL were GCB, while 76% (43 cases) were non-GCB subtypes. 30% cases of DLBCL showed double expression for MYC and BCL2. Fewer cases were immunoreactive for CD5 and CD30.
Conclusion: This first study at Dhaka with wide range of antibody to characterize the Immunophenotypic features of DLBCL. The main finding of this study is the identification of non-germinal center B-cell (non-GCB) as the major immunophenotype of DLBCL. This may be an enabler for further studies to observe the clinical outcome of different subtypes of GCB and Non-GCB.
Bioresearch Commu. 8(1): 1049-1052, 2022 (January)
Misconception of consumers and retailers regarding fungal spoilage of onion and prevalence of fungi in rotten onion
Authors: Islam Md Rafiqul , Prince Masud , Lokman Syed Mohammad , Marzan Lolo Wal , Alam Shahidul
Published: December 2021

Onion is an inevitable part of our food habits. Fungal infection is one of the major reasons of onion spoilage which not only cause economic losses but also may cause public health threat through mycoses and mycotoxicoses. A total 15 onion samples from different places in Chattagram, Bangladesh were collected to assess the fungal contaminants.Onion consumers along with retailers were interviewed to evaluate their awareness about fungal food spoilage and associated health risk. Three different fungal species were identified and isolated by analysing their macroscopic and microscopic features. These isolates were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Penicillium spp. A. niger was the most prevalent and found in 14 samples out of 15. Biochemical characterization of the isolated fungi was also done to assess their ability to produce extracellular enzymes and amylase, protease, and cellulase activities were observed. Survey data showed that only around 20% of the interviewees had some idea about fungal contamination, while nearly about 80% of them believed that washing, sunburn and cooking can make the food safe.
Bioresearch Commu. 8(1): 1068-1076, 2022 (January)
Impact of Toxoplasma gondii infection on human health
Authors: Rahman Taibur , E Gulshan Jerin , Rahman Atiqur
Published: December 2021

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most prevalent infectious disease around the globe and it is caused by the parasite named Toxoplasma gondii. Infections normally lead to asymptomatic parasite persistence in immunocompetent warm-blooded hosts, including up to 30-50% of humans. However, T. gondii infection has also a major medical concern and can lead to life-threatening diseases, after reactivation in immunocompromized individuals, particularly in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/cancer or organ transplant recipients, after vertical transmission to fetuses of pregnant women and by inducing recurrent uveitis in immunocompetent adults. More importantly, T. gondii undergoes stage conversion from its fast-replicating tachyzoite to slow replicating dormant bradyzoite preferentially in the brain and skeletal muscles, and lesser extent in the eye, liver, kidney and lung which enable the parasite to persist for the whole life of an individual. Due to the persistence behavior of the parasite in different parts of human body, T. gondii can develop multiple human diseases with severe clinical symptoms. In this study, we have summarized the association of T. gondii in multiple human diseases for instance Encephalitis, Parkinson’s disease, Schizophrenia, Heart disease, Ocular Toxoplasmosis, Congenital abnormalities, Cancer and Diabetes. This highlights the potential role of T. gondii in developing fatal diseases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals despite having asymptomatic nature of the parasite.
Bioresearch Commu. 8(1): 1093-1099, 2022 (January)
The Scope of Statutory Protection on the Use of Identical or Confusingly Similar Names by Businesses in Bangladesh
Authors: Zaman Shima
Published: December 2021

Abstract not available

Dhaka University Law Journal, Vol. 31, 2020 P.49-62