bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Otros lugares, otras culturas: memorias subalternas en Argentina
Authors: González de Oleaga Marisa , Estaba Amaiz Roraima , Di Liscia María Silvia
Published: January 2025

La memoria se ha convertido en un capítulo obligado en los trabajos académicos y en las agendas políticas de Occidente: memorias hegemónicas y subalternas. Como espacio en disputa, parece prometer un futuro mejor para aquellos que se atrevan a transitarla. Pero ¿pueden los subalternos recordar? O ¿pueden generar una memoria propia al margen de los relatos hegemónicos? Para poder acercarnos a esta cuestión investigamos dos lugares de memoria en Argentina: el Museo de gestión indígena Punta Querandí, situado en el municipio de Tigre, en el conurbano bonaerense y la llamada Capilla de los negros, en Chascomús, provincia de Buenos Aires. En ambos se advierte la espacialización de otras memorias, pero ¿memorias subalternas o subalternizadas? Si convenimos que las memorias son construcciones condicionadas por hegemonías de todo orden ¿no deberíamos investigar sobre los límites y las posibilidades de esas narrativas de la experiencia? Por ello, se explora en este artículo en ese espacio hibridado entre lo opaco y lo transparente, constituido por lo translúcido.
Esquirlas culturales de los estallidos sociales en América Latina (2018-2020)
Authors: Pizarro Cortés Carolina , Santos Herceg José
Published: January 2025

Presentación del monográfico "Esquirlas culturales de los estallidos sociales en América Latina (2018-2020)".
Interrogativas indirectas con MH e Indicativo en la medicina griega: un rasgo de empatía.
Authors: García Novo Elsa
Published: January 2025

Los médicos griegos utilizan ocasionalmente una interrogativa indirecta introducida por μ? y seguida de Indicativo, para indagar sobre un síntoma desfavorable del enfermo: “Pregunto, pues me temo que tiene …”  Expresan de este modo su rechazo a la probable gravedad del paciente, dando así muestras de empatía.
Autógrafos de Pedro Joan Núñez
Authors: Núñez González Juan María
Published: January 2025

En este artículo se analizan varios documentos manuscritos atribuidos a Pedro Joan Núñez, humanista español (c. 1529-1602), para determinar si realmente son autógrafos (propria manu scripta)
This paper checks some manuscript documents attributed to Petrus Ioannes Nunnesius, a Spanisch humanist (c. 1529 - 1602), in order to evaluate whether they are actually autographs (propria manu scripta)
The «Women of Clement»
Authors: Cerno Marianna
Published: January 2025

An unknown fragment, whose discovery was announced in 2018 and whose edition is in print, provides us with a fresh perspective on the pseudo-Clementine topic. The recovered fragment – probably dating from the second half of the 4th century but based on a main source from the 3rd century – describes the beginning of the Clementine saga, of which Rufinus' Recognitiones tells the end instead. In the fragment, a number of women stand out for their role, their characterisation, and their contribution to the development of events: different not only in character but also in beliefs and customs, these women share certain inner values, the same ones that allow young Clement to grow and mature. The recovered fragment is an emblematic expression of the cultural melting pot and trans-religious environment of early Judaeo-Christianity. It was also the most effective mean by which the contents of the new religion were transmitted to and internalized by the most sensitive and receptive personalities of the pagan culture and mentality of the time: educated women.
Donne che battezzano
Authors: Bárbara
Published: January 2025

A painted panel with the scene of the rescue of Moses from the Nile in the Dura Europos synagogue is here discussed in relation to the question of women baptizers in the Didascalia apostolorum. The panel and the document are roughly contemporary and from the same region, Syria. A baptismal reading of the panel where women enact Moses’ safe delivery from the threat of exposure, and name and wash him with ritual vessels, reveals the baptismal typology of the scene. However, patristic tradition almost entirely neglects the rescue of Moses among the many baptismal typologies of episodes from his life. This observation leads to an understanding of women’s marginalization as a theological choice removing baptismal significance from the acts of birth and naming that were the prerogative of womenfolk, especially mothers.
[Much ado about something: the misterious brontídi]
Authors: Argentieri Alessio , De Ritis Riccardo , Rotella Giovanni , Bidini Camilla , Braun Thomas , Cecchini Flavio , Chiappini Massimo , De Luca Gaetano , Di Filippo Michele , Doglioni Carlo , Fittante Lionello , Liggio Fernandea , Margottini Siro , Pantaloni Marco
Published: January 2025

[Article in Italian]
Tanto rumore per qualcosa: i misteriosi brontídi
Crispant analysis in zebrafish as a tool for rapid functional screening of disease-causing genes for bone fragility
Authors: Debaenst Sophie , Jarayseh Tamara , De Saffel Hanna , Bek Jan Willem , Boone Matthieu , Josipovic Ivan , Kibleur Pierre , Kwon Ronald Y , Coucke Paul J , Willaert Andy
Published: January 2025

Heritable fragile bone disorders (FBDs), ranging from multifactorial to rare monogenic conditions, are characterized by an elevated fracture risk. Validating causative genes and understanding their mechanisms remain challenging. We assessed a semi-high throughput zebrafish screening platform for rapid in vivo functional testing of candidate FBD genes. Six genes linked to severe recessive osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and four associated with bone mineral density (BMD) from genome-wide association studies were analyzed using CRISPR/Cas9-based crispant screening in F0 mosaic founder zebrafish. Next-generation sequencing confirmed high indel efficiency (mean 88%), mimicking stable knock-out models. Skeletal phenotyping at 7, 14, and 90 days post-fertilization (dpf) using microscopy, Alizarin Red S staining, and microCT was performed. Larval crispants showed variable osteoblast and mineralization phenotypes, while adult crispants displayed consistent skeletal defects, including malformed neural and haemal arches, vertebral fractures and fusions, and altered bone volume and density. In addition, aldh7a1 and mbtps2 crispants experienced increased mortality due to severe skeletal deformities. RT-qPCR revealed differential expression of osteogenic markers bglap and col1a1a, highlighting their biomarker potential. Our results establish zebrafish crispant screening as a robust tool for FBD gene validation, combining skeletal and molecular analyses across developmental stages to uncover novel insights into gene functions in bone biology.
Interaction hierarchy among Cdv proteins drives recruitment to membrane necks
Authors: De Franceschi Nicola , Blanch-Jover Alberto , Dekker Cees
Published: January 2025

Cell division in the crenarchaea is accomplished by the Cdv system. In Sulfolobus cells, it was observed that an initial non-contractile ring of CdvA and CdvB forms at the mid location of the cell, which is followed by a second ring of CdvB1 and CdvB2 that appear to drive the constriction of the cell membrane. Here, we use an
in vitro
reconstituted system to explore how protein interactions among these Cdv proteins govern their recruitment to the membrane. We show that CdvA does not bind the membrane unless in complex with CdvB. We find that CdvB2 can polymerize if its self-inhibitory domain is removed, and that by itself is exhibits poor binding to the membrane. However, CdvB2 can be efficiently recruited to the membrane by both CdvB1 and CdvB. Furthermore, the CdvB1:CdvB2 co-polymer can be recruited to the membrane by CdvA:CdvB. By reconstituting these proteins in dumbbell-shaped liposomes, we show that Cdv proteins have a strong preference to localize at membrane necks of high curvature. Our findings clarify many of the mutual protein interactions of the Cdv system and their interaction with the membrane, thus helping to build a mechanistic understanding of cell division in archaeal cells.
Engineering cardiolipin binding to an artificial membrane protein reveals determinants for lipid-mediated stabilization
Authors: Abramsson Mia L , Corey Robin A , Škerle Jan , Persson Louise J , Andén Olivia , Oluwole Abraham O , Howard Rebecca J , Lindahl Erik , Robinson Carol V , Strisovsky Kvido , Marklund Erik G , Drew David , Stansfeld Phillip J , Landreh Michael
Published: January 2025

Integral membrane proteins carry out essential functions in the cell, and their activities are often modulated by specific protein-lipid interactions in the membrane. Here, we elucidate the intricate role of cardiolipin (CDL), a regulatory lipid, as a stabilizer of membrane proteins and their complexes. Using the
in silico
-designed model protein TMHC4_R (ROCKET) as a scaffold, we employ a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and native mass spectrometry to explore the protein features that facilitate preferential lipid interactions and mediate stabilization. We find that the spatial arrangement of positively charged residues as well as local conformational flexibility are factors that distinguish stabilizing from non-stabilizing CDL interactions. However, we also find that even in this controlled, artificial system, a clear-cut distinction between binding and stabilization is difficult to attain, revealing that overlapping lipid contacts can partially compensate for the effects of binding site mutations. Extending our insights to naturally occurring proteins, we identify a stabilizing CDL site within the
E. coli
rhomboid intramembrane protease GlpG and uncover its regulatory influence on enzyme substrate preference. In this work, we This work establishes a framework for engineering functional lipid interactions, paving the way for the design of proteins with membrane-specific properties or functions.
Encoding of cerebellar dentate neuron activity during visual attention in rhesus macaques
Authors: Flierman Nico A , Koay Sue Ann , van Hoogstraten Willem S , Ruigrok Tom JH , Roelfsema Pieter , Badura Aleksandra , De Zeeuw Chris I
Published: January 2025

The role of cerebellum in controlling eye movements is well established, but its contribution to more complex forms of visual behavior has remained elusive. To study cerebellar activity during visual attention we recorded extracellular activity of dentate nucleus (DN) neurons in two non-human primates (NHPs). NHPs were trained to read the direction indicated by a peripheral visual stimulus while maintaining fixation at the center, and report the direction of the cue by performing a saccadic eye movement into the same direction following a delay. We found that single-unit DN neurons modulated spiking activity over the entire time course of the task, and that their activity often bridged temporally separated intra-trial events, yet in a heterogeneous manner. To better understand the heterogeneous relationship between task structure, behavioral performance, and neural dynamics, we constructed a behavioral, an encoding, and a decoding model. Both NHPs showed different behavioral strategies, which influenced the performance. Activity of the DN neurons reflected the unique strategies, with the direction of the visual stimulus frequently being encoded long before an upcoming saccade. Moreover, the latency of the ramping activity of DN neurons following presentation of the visual stimulus was shorter in the better performing NHP. Labeling with the retrograde tracer Cholera Toxin B in the recording location in the DN indicated that these neurons predominantly receive inputs from Purkinje cells in the D1 and D2 zones of the lateral cerebellum as well as neurons of the principal olive and medial pons, all regions known to connect with neurons in the prefrontal cortex contributing to planning of saccades. Together, our results highlight that DN neurons can dynamically modulate their activity during a visual attention task, comprising not only sensorimotor but also cognitive attentional components.
Edge and texture aware image denoising using median noise residue U-net with hand-crafted features
Authors: S. Soniya , C. Sriharipriya K.
Published: January 2025

Image denoising is a complex task that always yields an approximated version of the clean image. Unfortunately, the existing works have focussed only on the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) metric and have shown no attention to edge features in a reconstructed image. Although fully convolution neural networks (CNN) are capable of removing the noise using kernel filters and automatic extraction of features, it has failed to reconstruct the images for higher values of noise standard deviation. Additionally, deep learning models require a huge database to learn better from the inputs. This, in turn, increases the computational complexity and memory requirement. Therefore, we propose the Median Noise Residue U-Net (MNRU-Net) with a limited training database without involving image augmentation. In the proposed work, the learning capability of the traditional U-Net model was increased by adding hand-crafted features in the input layers of the U-Net. Further, an approximate version of the noise estimated from the median filter and the gradient information of the image were used to improve the performance of U-Net. Later, the performance of MNRU-Net was evaluated based on PSNR, structural similarity, and figure of merit for different noise standard deviations of 15, 25, and 50 respectively. It is witnessed that the results gained from the suggested work are better than the results yielded by complex denoising models such as the robust deformed denoising CNN (RDDCNN). This work emphasizes that the skip connections along with the hand-crafted features could improve the performance at higher noise levels by using this simple architecture. In addition, the model was found to be less expensive, with low computational complexity.
Assessment of complications and success rates of Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: single tract vs. multi tract approaches
Authors: Memik Ömür , Karslı Onur
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The objective of this study was to assess the success and complication rates of single-tract access vs. multi-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL).

Material and Methods

The medical records of consecutive patients who underwent PNL for staghorn, partial staghorn, and complex kidney stones between 2014 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic data, stone volumes, fluoroscopy and operation durations, changes in hemoglobin levels, numbers of blood transfusions, stone-free rates, perioperative complications, duration of nephrostomy removal, and length of hospital stay parameters were noted. The complications and complexity of PNL were graded using the modified Clavien and Guy’s stone scores, respectively. Single and multi-tract subgroups were determined based on PNL access strategy and the subgroups were analyzed.

Results

The study involved 208 patients, with 158 in the single-tract group and 50 in the multi-tract group. The groups were comparable in age, ASA scores, and comorbidities (p > 0.05). The characteristics of the stones, such as their location, size, and density, did not show any significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05), except for Guy’s stone score, which was higher in the multi-tract group (p = 0.028). The multi-tract group also had significantly longer fluoroscopy and operation times (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in stone-free rates between the two groups (76.0% vs. 78.0%, p = 0.766). Although the drop in hemoglobin levels was more significant in the multi-tract group (p = 0.027), transfusion rates did not differ significantly between the two groups (p = 0.334). Complication rates were higher in the multi-tract group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.896).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that multi-tract PNL can achieve high stone-free rates with a modest increase in the occurrence of acceptable complications when performed by an experienced surgeon.
Nitrogen fertilizer application for improving the biomass, quality, and nitrogen fixation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at different growth stages in a saline‒alkali soil
Authors: Wan Weifan , Liu Qian , Li Ke , Zhao Kun , Qi Fei , Li Yuanshuo , Sun Zhi , Li Haigang
Published: January 2025

Background

The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has received little attention due to the ability of this plant to fix N. However, N deficiency stress is often observed in marginal lands of China, especially in saline–alkali soils. Thus, this study aimed to assess the response of alfalfa yield, quality, N fixation, and soil N concentration to N fertilizer application at different stages in saline–alkali soil of Inner Mongolia. A 2-year (2020 and 2021) field experiment with five N fertilizer application rates, namely, 0 (N0), 20 (N20), 60 (N60), 120 (N120) and 180 (N180) kg N ha−1, was conducted in Inner Mongolia.

Results

The results showed that N fertilizer application of 180 kg ha−1 significantly increased the total alfalfa yield by 29%–32% by improving the stem‒leaf ratio; however, it didn’t lead to a further increase in alfalfa quality. N fertilizer applications of 60 and 120 kg ha−1 significantly improved the crude protein by 10.6%–22.7% and reduced the acid or neutral detergent fiber by 10.0%–18.7% in vegetative and bud stages, respectively, by improving the leaf N concentration. Furthermore, the fraction of N derived from the atmosphere reached 68.6%, with a significant increase in the corresponding amount of N fixed in N60. Soil NO3−-N concentrations significantly increased by 24.1%–33.3%, and NH4+-N concentrations increased by 1 to 3 times when N fertilizer application exceeded 120 kg N ha−1 compared with that in N0.

Conclusions

Overall, this study revealed the essential role of N fertilizer application at low rates in alfalfa production, as this practice not only increases alfalfa yield but also improves N fixation in saline‒alkali soil. However, it did not result in further improvement in alfalfa quality at the early flowering stage. The findings provides valuable guidance for N fertilizer application in alfalfa production on saline‒alkali soils.
Association between phase angle, body mass index and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hu Yezi , Jin Hui
Published: January 2025

Background: The purpose of this analysis was to investigate the associations between phase angle (PhA), body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance (IR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: The retrospective cross-sectional study included 200 T2DM patients treated during 2018 to 2019 in Zhongda Hospital Southeast University. PhA and other body composition indicators were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Subjects were classified into four groups based on body composition: low phase angle and low body mass index (LPLB), low phase angle and high body mass index (LPHB), high phase angle and low body mass index (HPLB) and high phase angle and high body mass index (HPHB).

Results: Overall, in the unadjusted model and minor, all adjusted models (unadjusted model, models 1–4), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was higher in the LPHB group than in the LPLB group (P = 0.034). In the unadjusted model, Model 1 (adjustment for age), Model 2 (adjust for age+duration), Model 3 (adjust for age+duration+sex+UA+TG+TC) and Model 4 (adjust for age+duration+sex+UA+TG+TC+HDL+HbA1c), the adjusted ORs for participants were 4.4 (95% CI [1.72–11.24]), 4.41 (95% CI [1.73–11.27]), 4.75 (95% CI [1.83–12.32]), 2.93 (95% CI [1.04–8.23]) and 3.1 (95% CI [1.09–8.86]) respectively, compared to LPHB group.

Conclusions: T2DM patients with the body composition of low phase angle and high body mass index exhibited the most severe degree and the highest risk of insulin resistance.
Atypical Origin of Lateral Pectoral Nerve: A Case Report
Authors: Loitongbam Bidyarani Devi , Rai Anjulata , Arora Jyoti , Khatri Harshika
Published: January 2025

In the present case, two Lateral Pectoral Nerves (LPN) were in the right axilla. The upper branch, superior LPN arose from the proximal part of the axilla deep to the clavicle from the anterior division of the upper trunk. This branch descends medially and enters the deep surface of the pectoralis major muscle. A larger LPN is seen originating from the distal part of the right lateral root of the median nerve at the lower part of the axilla, medial to the third part of the right axillary artery. This inferior LPN is 2 cm long, descends medially, and joins with the Medial Pectoral Nerve (MPN) forming ansa pectoralis. The branches from the ansa pierce the pectoralis minor muscle and enter the pectoralis major muscle. It supplies both the pectoral muscles. LPN fibers passing from the Lateral Cord (LC) through the lateral root of median have not been reported yet. The LPN is the main nerve of pectoralis major muscle. A thorough understanding of Pectoral Nerve (PN) anatomy is a must for surgeons practicing mastectomies, breast augmentation surgery, axillary dissection, harvesting pectoralis major muscle island flap, and dealing with trauma and fracture of the shoulder.
Computed Tomographical Characterisation of Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome: A Case Series
Authors: Maske Krishna Madhukarrao , Jethlia Kalyani Santosh , Tapdiya Anil Gopal , Panchmahalkar Ameet Chandrakant , Rajalakshmi T
Published: January 2025

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome (DDMS) is a rare neurological disorder that primarily manifests through various neurological symptoms, with a significant focus on contralateral hemiparesis and convulsive disorders that often show resistance to standard treatments. It is mainly characterised by hemicerebral atrophy, bony calvarial thickening and hyperpneumatisation of the ipsilateral paranasal sinuses on imaging. Computed Tomography (CT) is a crucial diagnostic tool in settings with limited resources, offering an effective means to identify and diagnose this syndrome. In the present paper, the authors present case reports of three patients (2 females, 1 male) with seizure disorders and hemiparesis who were admitted to the Medicine Department and had CT brain imaging performed within six months. The objective to highlight the diagnostic process and discuss the clinical presentation of this syndrome in a limited-resource setting, emphasising the role of CT in aiding diagnosis and further medical management.
Pharmacoeconomics and Utilisation of Antidiabetic Medications among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Das Bikash Chandra , Abhisek P Ansuman , Choudhary Deepak , Panda Suvendu Kumar , Behera Jayanti Prava , Pradhan Supriya , Swain Trupti Rekha , Mallick Sasmita
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) typically require long-term treatment with antidiabetic medications, resulting in a significant financial burden on both the individual and the global economy.

Aim: To assess the patterns of drug utilisation and the economic aspects of antidiabetic medications in individuals with diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods: The current study was a hospitalbased longitudinal study conducted between October 2017 and September 2019. A total of 132 diagnosed cases of T2DM, aged 18 years and older, who had been on antidiabetic medications in the past three months, were included in the study. Pregnant women and patients in diabetic coma were excluded from the study. A predesigned, pretested, semistructured questionnaire was used to collect data from the patients or their legally accepted relatives. The subjects were followed-up at three and six months to determine any changes in the type and doses of medication. Laboratory parameters such as Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and Postprandial Blood Sugar (PPBS) were measured at baseline and at six months, along with a history of any complications of diabetes. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0.

Results: A total of 132 patients were included, of which most patients were male (65.9%), aged 60 years or above (50.8%), illiterate (79.5%), and resided in rural areas (94.7%). The Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ACER) for reducing a unit of FBS was higher compared to PPBS across all forms of the drug. The ACER at three months showed a constant increase, from 24.56 for metformin only to 2709.26 for insulin with Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents (OHA) for FBS, and from 7.83 for metformin only to 907.47 for insulin with OHA for PPBS. Metformin was the most commonly prescribed medication, both as a standalone therapy and in combination therapy.

Conclusion: Present investigation showed that rational prescribing effectively reduced blood sugar readings. Metformin and Glimepiride were the predominant pharmaceuticals utilised for the treatment of diabetes. The cost-effectiveness study indicates that the financial burden of diabetes is substantial, particularly when considering the socio-economic status of individuals.
Prevalence and Pattern of Neurological Disorders amongst Children Attending the Neurology Clinic of a Private Paediatric Hospital in Southern Nigeria
Authors: West Boma Awoala , Aitafo Josephine Enekole
Published: January 2025

Aim: Neurologic disorders are a common cause of morbidity and disability in children worldwide. There is a dearth of knowledge of neurologic disorders in private health facilities thus this study was done to determine the prevalence and pattern of these disorders. 
Study Design: It was a retrospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in a private paediatric hospital in Southern Nigeria over 1-year between 1st January, 2023 and 31th December, 2023.
Methodology: Data was extracted from the hospital’s health management system and analysed.
Results: Of the 22,965 outpatient clinic visits during the study period, 203 had neurological disorders giving a prevalence rate of 0.9% with slight female predominance 107(52.7). Most common age group was 1 - < 5 years (43.4%).
Single neurologic disorders predominated 123 (63.4%). Commonest neurological disorders were seizure disorder (54.6%), autism spectrum disorder (24.3%) and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (11.3%) with the commonest risk factors for neurologic disorders being severe perinatal asphyxia (42.1%) and severe neonatal jaundice (42.1%). There were significantly more males than females with seizure disorder (P value .013) whereas cerebral palsy was significantly more in females (P value .002). Seizure disorder and learning disorder were significantly more in children ³ 5years (P value of .001 & .030 respectively) whereas cerebral palsy and speech impairment were significantly more in children < 5years (P value of < .001 & .030 respectively).
Conclusion: The prevalence of neurologic disorders was low, being 0.9% with children under 5 years being mostly affected. Commonest neurologic disorders were seizure disorder, autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactive disorder while perinatal asphyxia and neonatal jaundice were the commonest risk factors.
Public enlightenment campaigns about neurologic disorders and the availability of care would improve the outcome of affected children.
Shell Noun Usage in Science Undergraduate Academic Writing: Insights from Mukuba University, Zambia
Authors: Gerald Chishiba , Joseph Mukuka
Published: January 2025

This study examined the use of shell nouns in the academic writing of science undergraduate students at Mukuba University, Zambia, focusing on their frequency, patterns, and functions across multiple disciplines. The topic was chosen due to the critical role of shell nouns in enhancing coherence, formality, and objectivity in academic writing, which are essential skills for scientific communication. Grounded in Halliday and Hasan’s theory of cohesion, the research aimed to (1) investigate the frequency of shell noun use across disciplines, (2) identify patterns in their usage across academic years, and (3) evaluate their functional contributions to coherence, formalization, and objectivity in student writing. A qualitative approach was employed, involving the analysis of written samples from disciplines including Biology, Chemistry, Public Health, Nutrition Science, Agricultural Science, Computer Science, Environmental and Climate Change, and Biomedical Science. The data set consisted of lab reports, research papers, and essays collected from first-year to final-year students. The data analysis involved frequency counts and thematic coding to identify trends and patterns in shell noun usage. The findings revealed notable disciplinary variations, with Chemistry and Biomedical Science demonstrating higher frequencies of shell noun use. Shell nouns played a vital role in maintaining textual coherence, formalizing tone, and enhancing objectivity in the students' writing. More advanced usage was evident among final-year students, suggesting a developmental progression in academic writing skills. However, challenges such as inconsistent use and difficulty applying shell nouns effectively in complex writing tasks were also identified. The study highlighted the importance of targeted pedagogical interventions, recommending the inclusion of explicit instruction on shell noun usage in writing curricula. Suggestions for future research included expanding the sample size, incorporating a broader range of genres, and adopting a longitudinal approach. By examining linguistic features in academic writing within a sub-Saharan African context, this research provided valuable insights for educators seeking to enhance writing instruction and support student success.
In vitro Regeneration of Corchorus olitorius var. O-4
Authors: Afroz Tania , Alam Md. Mahabub , Hoque Md. Ekramul
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to determine how several plant growth regulators, such as 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), indole acetic acid (IAA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), affected the tossa jute plant's ability to regenerate in vitro. However, the most calluses and shoots were produced when the cotyledon-attached petioles of Corchorus olitorius var. O-4 were utilized as explants and inoculated in Murashige Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 2.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L IAA. Two weeks after induction (WAI), the 2.5 mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L IAA treatment generated five leaves. The IBA therapy at 2.0 mg/L resulted in the regeneration of the majority of roots. The treatment 0.6 mg/L IBA produced the longest roots and the highest proportion of root induction. Regenerated plantlets have a 68.4% survival rate in shaded conditions and an 87.2% survival rate in full sunlight. Thus, in order to genetically alter the organism, an effective technique for Corchorus olitorius var. O-4 in vitro regeneration has been established.
Linking the Pre-Steady-State, Steady-State, and Zero-Order Kinetic Parameters Together for Industrial Applications
Authors: Iloh Udema Ikechukwu
Published: January 2025

There appeared not to have been a way of linking pre-zero-order kinetics to zero-order kinetics so as to garner key kinetic parameters at very high industrial concentrations of the substrate. The objectives were the derivation of equations that can be explored in relating pre-zero-order (pre-steady-state (prss)) to zero-order kinetic parameters (ZOK), such as the Michaelis-Menten constant (KM), maximum velocity of catalysis (Vmax), and specificity constant (SC), to be evaluated. The Vmax for the higher industrial-type concentration of the enzyme (alpha-amylase) was 7812.5 micromoles/l/min, while the KM was 115.1 g/l. The SC obtained by calculation, either by the new equation (Eq. (25b)) or the ratio Vmax:KM, was 67.88 micromoles l/g min. Surprisingly, as compared to the literature, the SC obtained by the new graphical method was 275.4 micromoles l/g min using sub-KM values of substrate concentrations. The prss Vmax and KM were 2348.62 ± 479.94 micromoles l/g min and 7.41 ± 1.77 g/l, respectively. There is a justification for an equation linking PRSS and the ZOK, which can enhance reactor design. The equation linking PRSS to the ZOK kinetic parameters was derived. With the equation, the KM for a very high industrial concentration of the substrate and the enzyme that would have been impossible was made possible. Future studies may focus on assays at high concentrations of the enzyme and sub-KM concentrations of the substrate so as to observe a repeat of higher SC. Note that if the concentration of one enzyme is twice (or more) the concentration of another enzyme of the same kind, the Vmax of the first should be twice the Vmax of the latter given saturating concentrations of the substrate for each enzyme; the parameter that is constant is the catalytic first-order rate constant (kcat); it may be theoretically assumed that the KM can follow the same order as with the Vmax. Apart from a very high concentration of the gelatinized starch that retards the mobility of the enzyme, the spectrophotometer has an upper limit of its power to read color development.
Ornamental Plants of Bignoniaceae Family: Source of Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Applications and Ecological Services
Authors: Das Kadambini , Mahendru Nidhi , Sharma Bhagwati Prashad , P Shivakumar , Kumar Niraj , Kumar Sanjeet
Published: January 2025

The Bignoniaceae family, comprising over 100 genera and 800 species, is a rich source of ornamental plants with medicinal properties. This review focuses on the pharmacological uses, bioactive compounds, and future aspects of selected ornamental plants of the Bignoniaceae family, including Pyrostegia venusta, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Tabebuia spp., and others. These plants have been traditionally used to treat various ailments, and recent studies have confirmed their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The bioactive compounds responsible for these properties include alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. This review highlights the potential of these plants as a source of new medicinal agents and their applications in sustainable agriculture and horticulture including their ecological significances. Further research into the cultivation, bioactive compounds, and medicinal properties of these plants is warranted to unlock their full therapeutic potential. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the ornamental plants of the Bignoniaceae family and their potential uses in medicine and beyond.
Yield Gap, Yield Performance and Farmer Economics Analysis of High Yielding Biofortified Wheat Variety DBW-187 with the Special Reference to the Adoption in District Bijnor (U.P.) India
Authors: Singh K.K. , Singh P. K. , Shivangi  , Kumar Pintoo , Singh Omkar
Published: January 2025

This research investigated the yield differences, yield efficacy, economic consequences, technology index and adoption rates of the high-yielding biofortified wheat variety DBW-187 and high-yielding wheat variety enriched with essential nutrients. It addresses crucial aspects of food security and nutrition by analyzing the gap between potential and actual farm yields. Being biofortified, DBW-187 contributes to addressing micronutrient deficiencies in populations dependent on wheat as a staple food. Frontline demonstrations were executed in 128 farmers' fields in 11 blocks from 2019-20 to 2023-24, contrasting DBW-187 with conventional farming practices. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach, incorporating field tests, economic analysis, and surveys of farmers. The results indicated that DBW-187 regularly surpassed local varieties, achieving an average yield of 58.74 qt/ha, in contrast to 42.65 qt/ha for conventional farming practices, signifying a 37.72% enhancement. The technological gap averaged 38.10 qt/ha, however the extension gap was 16.09 qt/ha, signifying possibility for enhancement in achieving the varieties complete potential. The average adoption rate of DBW-187 across the district was 54.73%, exhibiting considerable heterogeneity among blocks, ranging from 47.61% to 65.21%.
Empirical Relationship between Compressive, Flexural and Splitting Tensile Strengths of Concrete Containing Kuta Gravel as Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Abubakar Jibrin , Abdullahi Mohammed , Aguwa James Isiwu , Abbas Bala Alhaji , Kolo Daniel Ndakuta
Published: January 2025

Flexural and tensile strengths of concrete are of great importance in structural engineering. Understanding the flexural strength of concrete helps designers prevent and control development of cracks in concrete elements, ensuring durability. In addition to serviceability, shear, bond failure and flexural capacity in concrete members are directly linked to the tensile strength of the concrete. When compared to flexural and tensile strengths, determination of the compressive strength of concrete is easier to carry out in the field. It is therefore, customary to determine the compressive strength and correlate it to other strength properties. In this study, empirical relationships have been developed to relate the compressive strength to the flexural and splitting tensile strengths of concrete using Kuta river gravel as coarse aggregate. Using varying total aggregate to cement, coarse aggregate to total aggregate and water to cement ratios, 20 mixes were generated using Central Composite Design (CCD) in Minitab 21. The compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strengths of concrete samples from these mixes were determined at 28 days of age. From the strength data obtained, regression equations were developed that relate the strength properties with the aid of regression analysis tool in Microsoft Excel. The empirical models developed to predict the flexural and splitting tensile strengths of concrete from the compressive strength recorded R2 values of 1 for both models, P-values of  and , and standard errors of 0.21 and 0.06 respectively. Furthermore, residuals from the values of predicted strength properties show that there is very slight deviation between the experimental and predicted values. It was concluded that the empirical equations developed are significant, have high predictive capabilities and can be used in predicting the flexural and splitting tensile strengths of concrete.
Numerical Analysis of Welding Heat Source Temperature Field
Authors: Peng Baichuan , Li Linbing , Cao Zhaoyang
Published: January 2025

This article studies the numerical simulation analysis of the temperature field of welding heat sources. During the welding process, the rapid input of local heat and subsequent rapid cooling can cause permanent plastic deformation of the weld seam and its surrounding area, resulting in residual stress and deformation. In order to accurately grasp the variation law of the welding temperature field, this article uses ANSYS software for numerical simulation, and uses birth and death element technology and volume heating rate to simulate the welding temperature field. In the simulation, convection and heat conduction are mainly considered, and the heat source is simulated by applying the heat generation rate at the nodes of the welded components. Taking Q235 thick plate T-joint as the research object, a double-sided weld model is established, and thermal analysis is carried out using ANSYS software. The results indicate that during the welding process, the temperature at the weld seam rises sharply and then diffuses to the surrounding area, forming a trend of diffusion from the centerline of the weld seam to the surrounding area. After a period of welding, due to the influence of welding sequence, the welded part will form a quasi steady state temperature field with a steeper temperature gradient behind the heat source.
Effect of Azolla (Azolla pinnata) Feeding on Cow Milk Production
Authors: Singh Nawal Kishor , Kumar Raj , Joshi Harish Chandra , Singh Medni Pratap , Kant Lakshmi
Published: January 2025

Conventional green fodder unavailability throughout the year is a serious concern for dairy industry in India so in the hills. Due to urbanization, industrialization and change in demographic pattern, the fodder and pasture land are reducing continuously. Under such situation, alternate fodder source need to be explored. Hence, the present study was carried out by KVK (ICAR-VPKAS), Kafligair, Bageshwar, Uttarakhand for assessing the Azolla-an aquatic fern as an alternate fodder source and substitute for concentrate cattle feed. During 120 days of experiment, the results of T2, T3 and T4 groups were in increasing order in terms of Azolla substitution (i.e., 1.0 kg, 1.5kg and 2.0 kg) and in milk yield (i.e., 0.5 lit, 1.0 lit and 2.0 lit). Among treatment groups it was found 5-15 percent increase (on an average 10 percent) in milk yield, when Azolla was incorporated 1-2kg as a concentrate substitute daily. That reduced feed cost by 20 to 40 rupees per day (on an average 30 rupees per day) and increased net return from Rs. 37 to 92 daily (Average Rs. 64.67). Among treatment groups significant differences (P=.0125) were recorded. It was also found easy to cultivate at low input cost and easy to digest by animals. Azolla adaptability among cattle, fish and Poultry farmers has been increased in the district Bageshwar of Uttarakhand.
Analisis Profesionalisme Pada Proyek Konstruksi Restoran X di Bali
Authors: Hudaya Ronny Gondo , Setiadji Julius Sentosa , Lesmana Aditya Lazuardi
Published: January 2025

Dengan berkembangnya zaman, pembangunan konstruksi menjadi tidak terhindarkan. Pembangunan konstruksimerupakan salah satu faktor peningkat infrastruktur negara. Saat ini, banyak kontraktor yang tidak bertanggung jawab dalammenyelesaikan pekerjaan. Kontraktor lebih fokus pada cara mendapatkan keuntungan daripada mengutamakan hasil dan kualitaspekerjaan. Proyek konstruksi Restoran X di Bali menghadapi beberapa permasalahan, seperti perencanaan yang kurang matangdan sering terjadi perubahan desain yang mengakibatkan penundaan pekerjaan. Selain itu, absennya kontrak kerja dengankontraktor pelaksana menyebabkan proyek tidak kunjung selesai, dan hasil pekerjaan sering tidak sesuai dengan harapan.Pengawasan yang kurang optimal dan kurangnya SOP yang memadai juga menjadi masalah. Karena kurangnya profesionalismedalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaan konstruksi, proyek ini masih belum selesai hingga saat ini. Penelitian ini lebih
menitikberatkan pada profesionalisme dalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pembangunan konstruksi Restoran X di Bali. Solusi-solusi yang ditemukan akan digunakan untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan yang masih belum selesai dan menjadi panduan dalam
proyek konstruksi selanjutnya.
Pemasangan Pipa HDPE dengan Metode Horizontal Directional Drilling pada Rehabilitasi Pipa Jalan Diponegoro Surabaya
Authors: Machfud Moch , Hermawan Surya
Published: January 2025

Kebutuhan air bersih merupakan kebutuhan mendasar dalam kehidupan manusia. Berangkat dari pentingnyakebutuhan air bersih tersebut, pemerintah mempunyai peran penting untuk menjamin ketersediaan air bersih yang layak danberkelanjutan. Pada umumnya, PDAM (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum) selaku perusahaan daerah merupakan penanggungjawab untuk memberikan pelayanan terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih di masyarakat perkotaan dan pedesaan. PDAMSurya Sembada Kota Surabaya merupakan Perusahaan milik Pemerintah Kota Surabaya yang memiliki peran sebagai penyediaair bersih di Kota Surabaya. Berangkat dari peran tersebut, Salah satu cara mempertahankan ketersediaan air bersih tersebutadalah melakukan rehabilitasi pipa atau penggantian pipa di Jl. Diponegoro, Surabaya. Permasalahan yang terjadi pada pipa yangberada di Jl. Diponegoro tersebut adalah dikarenakan umur layanan pipa sudah terlewati dan terdapat kebocoran pipa, serta padapemakaian kapasitas mesin HDD yang dipakai dalam kontrak awal pekerjaan. Secara etika, perubahan kapasitas mesin HDDmembuat kondisi lalu lintas di lokas tersebut lebih lancar karena 1 lajur jalan dapat dibuka untuk pengguna lalu lintas. Secaraprofesionalisme, perubahan kapasitas mesin HDD membutuhkan waktu 35,5 % atau 11 hari lebih cepat untuk menyelesaikanpekerjaan. Secara K3, pembuatan Job Safety Analysis (JSA) dan inspeksi K3 serta Safety Talk secara berkala mempengaruhiefektifitas pekerjaan menjadi lebih baik.
Association Between Markers of Structural Racism and Mass Shooting Events in Major US Cities
Authors: Ghio Michael , Simpson John Tyler , Ali Ayman , Fleckman Julia M. , Theall Katherine P. , Constans Joseph I. , Tatum Danielle , McGrew Patrick R. , Duchesne Juan , Taghavi Sharven
Published: July 2023

Importance

The root cause of mass shooting events (MSEs) and the populations most affected by them are poorly understood.

Objective

To examine the association between structural racism and mass shootings in major metropolitan cities in the United States.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study of MSEs in the 51 largest metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States analyzes population-based data from 2015 to 2019 and the Gun Violence Archive. The data analysis was performed from February 2021 to January 2022.

Exposure

Shooting event where 4 or more people not including the shooter were injured or killed.

Main Outcome and Measures

MSE incidence and markers of structural racism from demographic data, Gini income coefficient, Black-White segregation index, and violent crime rate.

Results

There were 865 MSEs across all 51 MSAs from 2015 to 2019 with a total of 3968 injuries and 828 fatalities. Higher segregation index (ρ = 0.46, P = .003) was associated with MSE incidence (adjusted per 100 000 population) using Spearman ρ analysis. Percentage of the MSA population comprising Black individuals (ρ = 0.76, P < .001), children in a single-parent household (ρ = 0.44, P < .001), and violent crime rate (ρ = 0.34, P = .03) were other variables associated with MSEs. On linear regression, structural racism, as measured by percentage of the MSA population comprising Black individuals, was associated with MSEs (β = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.14; P < .001). Segregation index (β = 0.02, 95% CI, −0.03 to 0.06; P = .53), children in a single-parent household (β = −0.04, 95% CI, −0.11 to 0.04; P = .28), and Gini income coefficient (β = −1.02; 95% CI, −11.97 to 9.93; P = .93) were not associated with MSEs on linear regression.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that major US cities with higher populations of Black individuals are more likely to be affected by MSEs, suggesting that structural racism may have a role in their incidence. Public health initiatives aiming to prevent MSEs should target factors associated with structural racism to address gun violence.
Enhancing the Thermoelectric Properties via Modulation of Defects in P‐Type MNiSn‐Based (M = Hf, Zr, Ti) Half‐Heusler Materials
Authors: Ai Xin , Lei Binghua , Cichocka Magdalena O. , Giebeler Lars , Villoro Ruben Bueno , Zhang Siyuan , Scheu Christina , Pérez Nicolás , Zhang Qihao , Sotnikov Andrei , Singh David J. , Nielsch Kornelius , He Ran
Published: July 2023

The thermoelectric figure‐of‐merit (zT) of p‐type MNiSn (M = Ti, Zr, or Hf) half‐Heusler compounds is lower than their n‐type counterparts due to the presence of a donor in‐gap state caused by Ni occupying tetrahedral interstitials. While ZrNiSn and TiNiSn, have been extensively studied, HfNiSn remains unexplored. Herein, this study reports an improved thermoelectric property in p‐type HfNi1−xCoxSn. By doping 5 at% Co at the Ni sites, the Seebeck coefficient becomes reaching a peak value exceeding 200 µV K−1 that breaks the record of previous reports. A maximum power factor of ≈2.2 mW m−1 K−2 at 973 K is achieved by optimizing the carrier concentration. The enhanced p‐type transport is ascribed to the reduced content of Ni defects, supported by first principle calculations and diffraction pattern refinement. Concomitantly, Co doping also softens the lattice and scatters phonons, resulting in a minimum lattice thermal conductivity of ≈1.8 W m−1 K−1. This leads to a peak zT of 0.55 at 973 K is realized, surpassing the best performing p‐type MNiSn by 100%. This approach offers a new method to manipulate the intrinsic atomic disorder in half‐Heusler materials, facilitating further optimization of their electronic and thermal properties.