bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterización de la descentralización del sector salud en tres municipios: Itagüí, La Ceja y Balboa.
Authors: Molina M Gloria , Ramírez T Claudia Milena
Published: July 2024

La descentralización del sector salud implica cambios de orden fiscal, social y administrativo para que los municipios asuman las competencias transferidas por el gobierno central y departamental con lo cual  el gobierno municipal es responsable de la salud de la población. Los resultados señalan que a pesar de que Itagüí, La Ceja y Balboa son tres municipios con niveles de desarrollo socioeconómicos muy diferentes, tienen en general avances similares en la implementación de la descentralización y han enfrentado obstáculos tales como la falta de voluntad política de los alcaldes de cada periodo para apoyar el proceso, la falta de capacidad técnica del personal de las direcciones locales de salud, la alta rotación de estos como expresión del clientelismo político y la complejidad de la legislación. El desempeño de los organismos de dirección del sector es bajo y los mecanismos de coordinación entre ellos son diferentes o inexistentes; el sistema de información en salud obtuvo igualmente bajos índices de calidad y efectividad en la toma se decisiones. El aseguramiento en salud es uno delos aspectos que tiene mayor avance y aunque existen una serie de organizaciones comunitarias, estas han tenido muy poca influencia en la toma de decisiones en salud.
Incidencia en salud pública de la globalización del comercio y las inversiones.
Authors: Labonté Ronald , E Restrepo Helena
Published: July 2024

El tema de la globalización del comercio y los tratados internacionales que lo rigen reviste en la actualidad una importancia muy grande dentro del campo de la salud pública. El profesor Ronald Labonté ha preparado para la Unión Internacional de Promoción y Educación para la Salud (UIPES) varios documentos sobre los efectos que genera en la salud de las poblaciones de países menos desarrollados este movimiento internacional en la regulación de los mercados con ventajas para los países ricos. El presente artículo es una traducción resumida, autorizada por el autor y por la UIPES, de uno de dichos documentos, en el  cual se define la posición de ellos previamente a una de las reuniones de la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC). Labonté claramente define que no plantea la oposición de a los aspectos positivos del comercio globalizado, siempre y cuando se respete la autonomía de los gobiernos de países pobre y no se atente contra sus recursos naturales respetando la ecología. Se trata de fortalecer, más que debilitar, la capacidad de las naciones en desarrollo para mejorar su posición económica con respecto a las naciones desarrolladas (equidad global)
Nutrición preventiva
Authors: Martínez L Elkin
Published: July 2024

La alimentación de las personas en la época moderna se ha visto asociada al incremento de diversas patologías crónicas, tales como isquemia coronaria, hipertensión, cáncer, diabetes, cirrosis, osteoporosis, obesidad, etc. Estas enfermedades ocupan hoy los primeros lugares de la mortalidad en el mundo occidental. Las evidencias señalan a las grasas saturadas, el azúcar, la sal y el alcohol, como sustancias cuyo consumo debe moderarse.  Las frutas secas, las verduras y los cereales integrales, con su alto contenido en fibra vegetal, vitaminas y antioxidantes, aparecen como una opción deseable para la salud. El soporte epidemiológico disponible sugiere la reeducación poblacional en relación con los hábitos alimentarios y pronostica un marcado beneficio para la salud pública, en caso de lograr una optima aplicación de los programas de nutrición preventiva.
¿Son la sensibilidad y la especificidad medidas obsoletas para determinar la bondad de una prueba diagnóstica?
Authors: Sánchez T Noel Antonio
Published: July 2024

En este artículo se presenta la discusión de las ventajas atribuidas por algunos autores a los nuevos conceptos de los cocientes de probabilidades con respecto a los conceptos clásicos de sensibilidad y especificidad, conceptos importantes para la evaluación de pruebas diagnósticas en el campo de la epidemiologia clínica. Con el fin de ilustrar las ventajas y desventajas de estos dos enfoques, se calculan las probabilidades posprueba para distintas prevalencias y niveles categóricos mediante el teorema de Bayes en el caso de los conceptos clásicos, y de la razón de probabilidades, en el caso de los conceptos modernos, utilizando para ello como ejemplo los resultados de una variación diagnostica para la anemia ferropénica. De ello resulta que tanto los cocientes de probabilidades como la sensibilidad y la especificidad permiten calcular la probabilidad posprueba para diferentes valores de la prevalencia, pueden obtenerse para pruebas con más de dos resultados, permanecen invariables ante cambios en al prevalencia de la enfermedad y permiten convertir rápidamente la probabilidad preprueba en probabilidad posprueba  mediante el uso del nomograma de Fagan. Se concluye que tanto los conceptos nuevos como antiguos sirven para evaluar la bondad de una prueba diagnóstica y que, para tal fin, pueden considerarse equivalentes. La elección de una estrategia o de la otra depende ya de aspectos y consideraciones más subjetivas, como la comprensión o la recordación de los conceptos.
Desigualdades sociales y enfermedades infecciosas emergentes
Authors: Farmer Paul
Published: July 2024

Se describen las características de las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes (EIE), las ventajas y limitaciones de la identificación de ellas como categoría especial y se proponen diversos análisis desde el punto de vista de epistemología crítica, tratando de entender la emergencia de estas enfermedades desde la perspectiva de las ciencias sociales. Se promueve el trabajo interdisciplinario para enfocar los problemas que plantea el estudio de estos fenómenos, la comprensión de su complejidad y el conocimiento de sus factores de riesgo
El enfoque sociopolítico para el análisis de las reformas sanitarias en América Latina
Authors: Hernández A Mario
Published: July 2024

La pregunta central de este artículo es: ¿por qué el sistema de salud colombiano ha sido ubicado en el primer lugar en América Latina en la evaluación de desempeño realizada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS)? Desde enfoque denominado sociopolítico, se arriesga una respuesta de dos términos: primero, por que la OMS incorpora el  modelo hegemónico o de predominante  de las reformas de los sistemas de salud en el mundo en la década de los noventa, y el y de sistema de seguridad social en salud de Colombia es el las parecido a dicho modelo. Segundo, esta correspondencia se basa en que el proceso sociopolítico colombiano ha construido una cultura política en el campo de la salud de corte liberal, individualista, basada en la propiedad y la caridad como ejes de la organización y la distribución de los servicios de salud. El análisis sociopolítico de largo plazo permite de mostrar la relación entre los dos componentes de esta respuesta hipotética, y la comparación entre países latinoamericanos permita corroborarla.
Signos vitales del sector salud en Antioquia
Authors: Restrepo Z Jairo , Salazar R Verónica
Published: July 2024

La reforma colombiana sobre salud y seguridad social (Ley 100 de 1993) constituye una de las políticas públicas más ambiciosas y complejas, tanto en el contexto de los países de América Latina como en el conjunto  de los sectores sociales del país.  Es importante conocer los avances, obstáculos y limitaciones que presenta su implementación para extraer  conclusiones y enseñanzas que orienten su desarrollo futuro y contribuyan a al formulación de la política sectorial  en los pies del área. Con estos propósitos se han realizado esfuerzos encaminados a consolidar u observatorio del sistema general de seguridad social en salud, inspirado en los principios de la Ley: universalidad, solidaridad y eficiencia, lo cual de concreta en el, seguimiento de variables e indicadores claves. En este artículo se presenta un resultado de dicho seguimiento, con una metodología básica y algunos resultados para el caso del departamento de Antioquia, los cuales se concentran en los siguientes ítems: recursos públicos, cobertura de aseguramiento, disponibilidad de recursos y cambios en hospitales (financiamiento y planta personal). Se reiteran las dificultades para alcanzar las principales metas de la Ley 100 en particular la de afiliación total de la población, y se advierten limitaciones estructurales del sistema vigente.
La violencia cotidiana en Colombia y el papel de la universidad
Authors: Duque R Luis Fernando
Published: July 2024

Se presentan algunos datos sobre la magnitud e importancia de la violencia en Colombia, con énfasis en la violencia cotidiana de las ciudades. Se hace un recuento de los principales factores asociados con la violencia cotidiana a la luz del modelo ecológico integrado por factores personales, factores  del entorno familiar cercano, factores comunitarios y factores macrosocilaes y macroeconómicos.  Se presentan bases y un ejemplo de programas para la prevención y control de la violencia y, por ultimo, se sugieren campos de acción para las universidades en la tarea y responsabilidad de disminuir la violencia
Exposición urbana no ocupacional al plomo y niveles sanguíneos en mujeres embarazadas y en recién nacidos, Mérida, Venezuela
Authors: Rivas Padilla Fernando , Vicuña Fernández Nelson , Wong Ramírez Sulin
Published: July 2024

Con el fin de determinar el valor promedio de plomo en la sangre en mujeres embarazadas y sus recién nacidos, se estudiaron 42 mujeres embarazadas (21 expuestas no ocupacional y 21 no expuestas).La determinación de los niveles de plomo en la sangre se realizó por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. El análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo a través del SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) versión 7.5 para Windows,mediante porcentajes, frecuencias, desviación estándar y análisis de t de student, de varianza, correlación lineal y regresión múltiple.El valor promedio de plomo en la sangre de las mujeres embarazadas expuestas fue de 30,562±6,786 μg/dL y en las no expuestas fue de 19,305±7,376 μg/dL, respectivamente. El valor promedio de plomo en la sangre en los recién nacidos de madres expuestas fue de 17,2±5,378 μg/dL y en los recién nacidos de madres no expuestas fue de 4,971±2,868 μg/dL.Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que sí existen diferencias significativas estadísticamente, en los promedios antes mencionados y que la exposición al riesgo sí influye en los niveles de plomo de los recién nacidos y de las mujeres embarazadas. Lo que significa que estos niveles se encuentran por encima de los permitidos por el Centro de Control de Enfermedades de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica.Así mismo, existe correlación alta y estadísticamente significativa (γ=0,723) entre los niveles de plomo de las madres y de sus hijos recién nacidos.La variable niveles de plomo de la madre es un buen predictor de la variable niveles de plomo del recién nacido.
Modifi ed Fuzzy Controller with Optimization of Mode Parameters of Technological Process
Authors: Antipin A. F. , Antipina E. V. , Mustafina S. A.
Published: July 2024

The author’s modification of a multidimensional fuzzy controller with a block for optimizing mode parameters and a block for predicting terms is considered. A block diagram of the controller, fuzzification and defuzzification schemes for continuous quantities are presented. The mechanism of operation of the logical inference block, which forms the identification number of the general composite production rule from the serial numbers of the terms of input and output variables with feedback, is described. The identification number is used as a key to retrieve information from the database about how to obtain specific numerical values of control actions, which is then transmitted to the controller defuzzification block. The general purpose of the term prediction block and the optimization block is shown. The prediction block is designed to transmit to the controller fuzzification block recommendations for a set of terms with which to begin processing the values of input variables in each scanning cycle. The optimization block is used to develop recommendations for optimizing operating parameters in accordance with specified criteria. The optimization block implements the author’s optimization algorithms, based on the use of evolutionary modeling methods and evolutionary algorithms adapted to a specific technological process. The formulation of the problem of optimal control of a dynamic process and an algorithm for its solution are presented. As an example, the problem of searching the optimal temperature regime in a batch ideal mixing reactor for the catalytic dimerization reaction of α-methylstyrene in the presence of a NaHY zeolite catalyst is considered. As a result of calculations using a genetic algorithm with real coding, where the genome is a real number, the suboptimal temperature of the refrigerant for the dimerization process of α-methylstyrene lasting 2 and 3 hours, and the corresponding concentrations of reagents, were calculated. The conducted computational experiment demonstrates the process of obtaining and issuing recommendations by a remote module for changing mode parameters and/or the system of production rules
Monoaxial Electrodynamic Stabilization of a Spacecraft Using PID Controller
Authors: Aleksandrov A. Yu. , Ruzin S. B.
Published: July 2024

One of the actual problems of modern cosmic dynamics is the development of systems for controlling the angular orientation of spacecrafts with respect to their centers of mass. To solve this problem, magnetic control systems based on the interaction of their executive devices with the Earth’s magnetic field are widely and effectively used. An important class of problems for controlling the angular spacecraft orientation is that of problems of monoaxial stabilization. This paper considers a satellite whose center of mass moves in a circular equatorial low Earth orbit. It is assumed that it is equipped with a controlled electrostatic charge distributed over a certain volume and a controlled magnetic moment. The rotational motion of a satellite with respect to its center of mass in the orbital frame is studied. The problem of monoaxial stabilization of a satellite in an arbitrary equilibrium position is solved. The electrodynamic control method is used which is based on the simultaneous application of a magnetic moment and the moment of Lorentz forces. Each of these moments is selected as a sum of damping, restoring and compensating components. To improve the characteristics of transient processes (damping unwanted oscillations and increasing the speed of convergence to program motion), PID controller of a special type is constructed. The stability analysis of the closed-loop system is carried out on the basis of the Lyapunov direct method. An original construction of the Lyapunov—Krasovskii functional is proposed, with the help of which the conditions on the control parameters are determined that guarantee the asymptotic stability of the program motion. The results of numerical simulation are presented confirming the obtained theoretical conclusions and demonstrating the advantage of the developed approach compared to the use of previously constructed controllers. It is shown that due to the appropriate choice of control parameters, the characteristics of transient processes can be significantly improved
LAPLACE-SBA METHOD FOR SOLVING REACTION-DIFFUSION-CONVECTION TYPE EQUATIONS FROM POROUS MEDIA
Authors: WELLOT Yanick Alain Servais , NKAYA Gires Dimitri
Published: July 2024

In this article, the Laplace-SBA method is used to solve some nonlinear parabolic problems arising from porous media. This method is based on combination of Laplace transform and the SBA method. After a brief introduction to the Laplace transform, the basic principles of the SBA method are described. The process of employing the Laplace-SBA algorithm to determine the exact solution of a nonlinear equation is explained by considering three examples.
Prilog atribuciji nadgrobnoga spomenika obitelji Jagić u Varaždinu
Authors: Kaniški Ana
Published: July 2024

Slavist Vatroslav Jagić dao je ubrzo nakon smrti supruge Sidonije, rođ. Struppi, podići spomenik nad njezinim posljednjim počivalištem. Naručio ga je 1914. godine. Na sjevernoj strani Pekla, najstarijeg dijela varaždinskog gradskog groblja, nad obiteljskom grobnicom stoji jednostavan crni mramorni obelisk. Isklesao ga je i potpisao slovenski kamenoklesar Feliks Toman. Na desnome kutu stoji brončana skulptura žene. Jagić u pismima svojoj obitelji i poznanicima iznosi porijeklo i opisuje tijek narudžbe, izradu i postav spomenika. Temeljem signature i podataka u prepisci razmatraju se dosadašnje dvije atribucije bronce hrvatskom kiparu Ivanu Rendiću i slovenskom kiparu Ivanu Zajcu.
Spatial Sampling of Binaural Room Transfer Functions for Head-Tracked Personal Sound Zones
Authors: Qiao Yue , Luo Jessica , Choueiri Edgar Y.
Published: July 2024

The spatial sampling of binaural room transfer functions that vary with listener movements, as required for rendering personal sound zone (PSZ) with head tracking, was experimentally investigated regarding its dependencies on various factors. Through measurements of the binaural room transfer functions in a practical PSZ system with either translational or rotational movements of one of the two mannequin listeners, the PSZ filters were generated along the measurement grid and then spatially downsampled to different resolutions, at which the isolation performance of the system was numerically simulated. It was found that the spatial sampling resolution generally depends on factors such as the moving listener’s position, frequency band of the rendered audio, and perturbation caused by the other listener. More specifically, the required sampling resolution is inversely proportional to the distance either between two listeners or between the moving listener and the loudspeakers and is proportional to the frequency of the rendered audio. The perturbation caused by the other listener may impair both the isolation performance and filter robustness against movements. Furthermore, two crossover frequencies were found to exist in the system, which divide the frequency band into three sub-bands, each with a distinctive requirement for spatial sampling.
Practitioners' Perspectives on Spatial Audio: Insights into Dolby Atmos and Binaural Mixes in Popular Music
Authors: Dewey Christopher , Moore Austin , Lee Hyunkook
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the practitioners’ perspective on mixing popular music in spatial audio, particularly Dolby Atmos and the binaural mixes generated by the Dolby and Apple renderers. It presents the results of a dual-stage study, which utilized focus groups with eight professional music producers and a questionnaire completed by 140 practitioners. Analysis revealed the continued influence of stereo approaches on mix engineers, partly due to its historical dominance as a production platform and consumers’ continued use of headphones. It was also found that core elements of popular music productions, such as snare drums, tom-tom drums, kick drums, bass guitars, main guitars, and vocals, were less likely to have binaural processing applied compared with other sources. It was also shown there were perceived differences in the suitability of spatial audio mixing for specific genres, with electronic dance music, jazz, pop, classical, and world music rated as the most suitable. Regarding the binaural renderers, there was less user satisfaction with the Apple device compared with Dolby’s, and this dissatisfaction manifested mainly in the need for more user control. Finally, mix engineers were very aware of the importance of their mixes translating to smaller speaker systems and headphone playback, in particular.
Incorporação de Estocasticidade em Ferramenta Computacional para Dimensionamento de Reservatórios
Authors: Santos Araújo José Eduardo , Porto Siqueira José Ítalo , Celeste Alcigeimes B.
Published: July 2024

Esta pesquisa objetivou introduzir estocasticidade e refinar um modelo de otimização matemática para dimensionamento de reservatórios que incorpora índices de desempenho de modo que a capacidade útil de armazenamento seja determinada assumindo que falhas de atendimento possam ocorrer durante a operação do sistema. O modelo original faz parte do pacote \texttt{reservoir}, uma ferramenta para análise, dimensionamento e operação de reservatórios de abastecimento d'água, desenvolvida na linguagem de programação \texttt{R}. Obteve-se um refinamento do modelo por meio da introdução de um procedimento estocástico baseado em simulações Monte Carlo capaz de encontrar a capacidade mínima necessária perante confiabilidade mínima preestabelecida, diante de um risco (também prefixado) de que a capacidade encontrada não forneça a confiabilidade requerida. Em todos os testes conduzidos, foi constatado que a confiabilidade perante o risco foi maior que a confiabilidade inicial proposta, de forma que o risco real foi inferior ao risco fixado inicialmente, validando assim o procedimento estocástico de cálculo da capacidade.  http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v9iss2p36
KAN KÜLTÜRÜNDEN İZOLE EDİLEN ESCHERİCHİA COLİ, KLEBSİELLA PNEUMONİAE VE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS BAKTERİLERİNİN KÜMÜLATİF ANTİMİKROBİYAL DUYARLILIK VERİLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Samlıoğlu Pınar , Yılmaz Nisel
Published: July 2024

AMAÇ: Bu çalışmada, kan kültürlerinden izole edilen Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bakterilerinin kümülatif antimikrobiyal duyarlılık verileri sunulmuş ve tedavi sürecinde antimikrobiyal seçimine katkıda bulunulması amaçlanmıştır.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmaya Ocak 2021 - Aralık 2021 arasında laboratuvarımızda çalışılan kan kültürleri dahil edilmiştir. Her hasta için ilk izolat çalışmaya alınmıştır. Kan kültürlerinden izole edilen S. aureus, E. coli ve K. pneumoniae izolatlarının antimikrobiyal duyarlılık testi sonuçları retrospektif olarak incelenerek kümülatif antimikrobiyal duyarlılık raporları elde edilmiştir.
BULGULAR: Çalışmamızda S. aureus'da metisilin direnci %31.4 bulunmuştur. E. coli izolatlarında %68, K. pneumoniae izolatlarının %88’inde GSBL saptanmıştır. E. coli izolatlarının gentamisin, amikasin, ve piperasilin+tazobaktam duyarlılığının sırasıyla %46, %66, %54 olduğu, K. pneumoniae izolatlarının amikasin, gentamisin, piperasilin+tazobaktam ve siprofloksasin duyarlılığının ise sırasıyla, %30, %21, %13 ve %10 olduğu bulunmuştur.
SONUÇ: S. aureus izolatlarında ampirik tedavi için en uygun antibiyotiklerin vankomisin, teikoplanin ve linezolid olduğu; bu antibiyotiklere ek olarak gentamisin seçeneğinin olduğu görülmüştür. GSBL oluşturan E. coli izolatlarında sadece karbapenem grubu antibiyotikler tedavi için uygun bulunmuştur. GSBL pozitif K. pneumoniae için karbapenem direncinin de yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmamızda elde edilen yüksek direnç oranları nedeniyle, düzenli sürveyans yapılması gerekmektedir. Karbapenemleri de kapsayan çoğul dirençli mikroorganizmalar için antimikrobiyal kombinasyonların etkinliğini test eden ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
ASTIM HASTALARINDA D TİPİ KİŞİLİK, BEDENSEL DUYUMLARI ABARTMA, ANKSİYETE VE DEPRESYON BELİRTİLERİ
Authors: Yağcı İbrahim , Perincek Gökhan
Published: July 2024

AMAÇ: Solunum sisteminin en sık görülen hastalıklarından birisi astımdır. Yaşam kalitesinde belirgin olarak azalmaya neden olduğu için kişilerin işlevselliğini önemli derecede etkilemektedir. Bu hastalığın sık görülmesi ve bireylerin işlevselliğini etkilemesi nedeni ile psikososyal özelliklerini araştırmayı amaçladık.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmaya, Göğüs hastalıkları polikliniğinde, astım tanısı ile izlenen, ardışık poliklinik başvuruları olan hastalar arasından seçilen 100 hasta dahil edildi. Yüz kişilik gönüllü kontrol grubu, yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum açısından hasta grubuyla eşleştirilerek oluşturuldu. Her olguya sosyodemografik veri formu, Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE), Beck Anksiyete Envanteri (BAE), Bedensel Duyumları Abartma Ölçeği (BDAÖ) ve D Tipi Kişilik Ölçeği (DS-14) doldurulmuştur. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi olarak p<0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir.
BULGULAR: Çalışmamızda araştırılan sosyodemografik verilerden olan yaş, medeni durum, öğrenim durumu, cinsiyet, çalışma durumları karşılaştırıldığında hasta ve kontrol grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Her iki grup arasında BDÖ, BAÖ, BDAÖ, DS-14 ölçeklerden alınan puanlar karşılaştırıldığında DS-14 dışındaki tüm ölçekler için gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur.
SONUÇ: Çalışmamızda astım grubunda anksiyete-depresif belirtilerin yoğun olduğunu, D Tipi kişilik oranının daha fazla olduğu ve bedensel duyumları abartma skorlarının daha yüksek olduğunu bulduk. Astım tanılı kişilerin yaşam kalitelerinin arttırılması, gereksiz tetkiklerle ortaya çıkan ekonomik maliyetin azaltılması için psikiyatrist tarafından muayene edilmeleri ile psikiyatrik belirtilerin sorgulanması gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz
A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF ANESTHETIC APPROACHES IN PATIENTS AGED 85 AND ABOVE
Authors: Ay Merve , Doğan Bakı Elif , Taşdemir Mecit Bilge Banu , Bezen Bilal Atilla
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE: Due to the changes that occur with aging, the elderly need more medical support. These medical requirements include surgical operations. In our study, we aimed to examine, improve and compare our anesthetic approaches for people aged 85 and above with the current literature.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 242 patients aged 85 years and above underwent surgery between 01.01.2020 and 01.01.2022 were included in this study. The data of the patients including gender, age, comorbidities, types of anesthesia administered during the surgery, duration of surgery, postoperative ward/intensive care unit (ICU) follow-up periods, intraoperative blood product usage and postoperative mortality were retrospectively analyzed in 3 groups according to the types of anesthesia administered: general, spinal and sedation anesthesia.
RESULTS: Of the patients, 130 of the patients were female and 112 were male. The mean age was 87.95±2.57 years. 93.8% of patients had comorbidities. 65.3% of the patients were applied general anesthesia, 29.8% spinal anesthesia and 4.9% sedation anesthesia. While 30.6% of the patients were admitted to ICU after surgery, 69.4% of them were admitted to the ward. While 88% of the patients were discharged with recovery, 12% died in the first 1 month. While 86.2% general anesthesia and 13.8% spinal anesthesia were applied in patients with mortality, 62.4% general anesthesia, 5.6% sedation and 31.4% spinal anesthesia were applied in those without mortality (p=0.036). Mortality was mostly observed in general surgery patients, patients admitted to intensive care unit, and ASA III patients. Mortality was observed more in those who used blood products compared to those who did not (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: We think that spinal anesthesia should be preferred in appropriate elderly patients and more caution should be exercised in indications for blood product use and postoperative intensive care unit admission.
EXAMINATION OF "DENS" TERMS USED INDEPENDENTLY OF TOOTH STRUCTURE IN THE ANATOMY LITERATURE
Authors: Gülaçtı Muhammet Mustafa , Payas Ahmet
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE: EThe word "dens", which is used as an anatomy term, is often used beyond its primary meaning of "tooth." In this study, it is aimed to examine the Latin terminology of dens terms used in contexts other than its original meaning and to determine their Turkish equivalents.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The current literature on Terminologia Anatomica and other anatomical terminology was reviewed, and the terms "dens", which were used beyond their literal meaning, were determined. The obtained “dens” terms; were evaluated in terms of origin, grade and shape. The similarities and differences between the word "dens" within anatomy terminology and the anatomical structure of the tooth were determined.
RESULTS: As a result of scanning current anatomy resources, 23 "dens" words that were used outside of their original meaning were identified. It is seen that 15 of the identified "Dens" words are used in terms with an adjective structure.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we provide information about the conjugation of the word "dens" used in anatomy terms and the terms used together, and we believe that the word dens will be understood more clearly by educators and students. In addition, we think that this study will be a guide for the studies to be carried out on terminology in Turkey.
COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNDE TİP 1 DİABETES MELLİTUSLU ÇOCUKLARIN KARŞILAŞTIĞI ZORLUKLARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Güngör Ayşe , Bükülmez Ayşegül
Published: July 2024

AMAÇ: Bu çalışma ile Tip 1 Diabetes Mellitus tanılı çocuk hastaların ve ailelerinin COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında yaşadıkları zorlukların değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Bu çalışma Afyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hastanesi Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Kliniği’nde 1 Mayıs 2020 - 1 Temmuz 2020 tarihleri arasında yürütüldü. Çalışmaya 4-18 yaş arası Tip 1 Diabetes Mellitus tanısı ile takip edilen 102 hasta ve ebeveyn çifti dahil edildi. Tüm veriler, “Google Formlar” platformu aracılığıyla online anket yöntemiyle toplandı. İstatistiksel analiz için SPSS 26 paket programı kullanıldı ve p<0,05 anlamlı kabul edildi.
BULGULAR: Çalışmaya alınan hastaların 55’i kız (%53.9) ve 47’si ise erkek idi. Çalışmaya katılan hastaların yaş ortalaması 13.02 ±3.9 yıl olarak bulundu. Pandemi döneminde katılımcı olguların 62’sinin (%60,8) insülin tedavi dozunda artış olduğu, 21’inin (%20,6) hiperglisemi atağı, 61’inin (%59,8) hipoglisemi atağı yaşadığı saptandı. Olguların 44’ünün (%43.1) abur-cubur tüketiminin arttığı ve 60’nın (%58,8) uyku alışkanlığının etkilendiği bulundu.
SONUÇ: Bu çalışma, Diabetes Mellitus tanılı çocukları olan ebeveynlerin pandemi döneminde COVID-19 hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olduklarını gösterdi. Ayrıca pandemi sürecinde Tip 1 Diabetes Mellitus tanısı alan hastaların diyetlerine uyum sorunları yaşadıkları, uyku düzenlerinin değiştiği ve hastalığı kontrol altında tutabilmek için profesyonel sağlık desteğine ihtiyaç duydukları belirlendi.
COVID-19 GEÇİRMİŞ HASTALARDA ARTERYEL SERTLİĞİN HASTALIK CİDDİYETİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: Candan Lütfullah , Kutlu Merih , Şahin Mürsel
Published: July 2024

AMAÇ: COVID-19 ile ilişkili hedef organ hasarının patogenezinde endotel disfonksiyonu önemli rol oynamaktadır. Güçlü inflamatuvar hasara bağlı kardiyovasküler (KV) komplikasyonlar yoğun bakımda yatan COVID-19 hastalarında, hastalığı ayakta geçirenlere göre daha sık görülmektedir. Bu çalışmayı COVID-19 geçirmiş hastalarda infeksiyon ciddiyeti ile arteryel sertlik arasındaki ilişkinin, gelecekteki KV olayların bir öngördürücüsü olup olmadığını araştırmayı amaçladık.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Hastalar COVID-19 şiddetine göre yoğun bakımda yatan (ağır grup) ve hastalığı ayakta geçiren (hafif grup) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Çalışmaya kontrol grubu olarak COVID-19 geçirmemiş hastalar alındı. Hastaların enfekte iken bakılan biyokimyasal parametreleri ise retrospektif olarak hastane veri tabanından elde edildi. Tüm grupların arteryel sertlik ve ekokardiyografik ölçümleri COVID-19 infeksiyonu sonrası ilk 1 ay içinde yapıldı.
BULGULAR: Çalışmaya 27’si kontrol, 32’si hafif ve 25’i ağır hastalık grubunda olmak üzere toplam 84 hasta alındı. Tüm popülasyonun yaş ortalaması 48.68±12.9 olup 58’i (%69) erkekti. AS ölçümlerinde elde edilen ortalama pulse wave velosite değerleri kontrol grubunda 8.02 m/s, hafif hastalık grubunda 8.07 m/s, ağır hastalık grubunda ise 8.75 m/s idi. Yoğun bakımda tedavi gören ağır hasta grubunun AS değerleri, kontrol ve hafif hasta grubuna göre daha yüksek olarak izlendi (sırasıyla p=0.007, p=0.008). Ancak hafif hastalık geçirenlerle kontrol grubu arasında AS değeri açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p=0.681).
SONUÇ: Çalışmamızda COVID-19 infeksiyonunu ağır geçiren hastaların arteryel sertlik değerlerini daha yüksek bulduk. Bu sonuç abartılı ve kontrolsüz inflamasyona sekonder endotel hasarı ile açıklanabilir. Bu nedenle böyle hastalarda yüksek PWV değerleri, gelecekteki kardiyovasküler olayların bir öngördürücüsü olarak kullanılabilir.
ACİL SERVİS HEKİMLERİNİN HASTA DEĞERLENDİRMESİNDE DEFANSİF TIP YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: Can Nazım Onur , Arslan Şenol , Akpınar Furkan , Doru Halil İbrahim
Published: July 2024

AMAÇ: Defansif tıbbın en belirgin özelliği, hekimin tanı ve tedavi amacıyla gerekli olmayan tıbbi işlemler yaparak hasta ve hasta yakınları tarafından aleyhine dava açılması riskine karşı kendini korumak istemesidir. Acil servisler defansif tıbbın fazla olduğu riskli branşlardan biridir. Biz de çalışmamız da defansif tıbbın acil servis hekimlerinde hangi düzeyde uygulandığını, akademik ünvanlar arasında farklılıklar olup olmadığını, hangi faktörlerle ilişkili olduğunu tespit ederek, ülkemiz acil servis hekimlerini bekleyen hukuki, adli-tıbbi problemlerini önceden gösterebilmeyi amaçladık.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmaya ülkemizdeki hastanelerin acil servislerinde görev yapan pratisyen hekimler, acil tıp asistan hekimleri, acil tıp uzmanları ve acil tıp öğretim üyelerinden oluşan 387 hekim dahil edildi. Her katılımcı için bir anket formu oluşturuldu. Anket formları katılımcılara Google Drive sistemi üzerinden online olarak ulaştırıldı.
BULGULAR: Çalışma çevresinden kaynaklı baskılar arttıkça şikayet ve dava edilme kaygısı ve defansif tıp uygulamalarının arttığı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca çalışmada şikayet ve dava edilme kaygısı arttıkça defansif tıp uygulamalarının arttığı, sağlık sisteminin verimliliği, etkinliği ve kalitesinin azaldığı saptanmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca medya ve sosyal iletişim kanallarının baskısı arttıkça defansif uygulamaların arttığı görülmüştür. Çalışmamızda acil servis hekimlerinin tüm ünvanlarda pozitif defansif tıbbı daha fazla uyguladıkları da bulunmuştur.
SONUÇ: Defansif tıp uygulamaları hasta ve hekim açısından olumsuzluklara neden olduğu gibi, sağlık hizmeti sunumunun da aksamasına yol açmaktadır. Bu nedenle sağlık hizmeti sunumunun verimliliğini artırmak, hasta ve hekimlerin güvenliğini sağlamak için defansif tıp uygulamaların nedenlerinin daha fazla irdelenmesi gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.
Examination and comparison the effects of extraction time and temperature for compost tea
Authors: Kiss Nikolett Éva , Szabó Andrea , Gorliczay Edit , Tamás János , Nagy Attila
Published: July 2024

Composting represents an efficient technology that enables the effective utilization of by-products and waste materials. Moreover, it proves to be highly suitable for processing raw materials and converting them into fertilizers that would not be recommended for direct application without undergoing pre-processing. This is particularly crucial in the case of poultry manure, which possesses potentially hazardous properties and necessitates pre-treatment. One increasingly prevalent form of compost is known as compost tea, which involves the immersion of compost in water. In this experiment, compost tea or compost solution were created using a product called composted and pelletized poultry litter (CPPL). Four compost:water ratio (CWR) (1/2.5, 1/5, 1/10, 1/20) were applied, along with three different extraction durations (24, 48, and 72 hours) and three distinct extraction temperatures (20 °C, 35 °C, and 50 °C). Since the 1/10 and 1/20 ratios were found to be the best for subsequent applicability and spreadability, their content parameters were measured further. After elimination of the experiment, the most important nutrients (nitrogen content (nitrate and ammonium), phosphorus and potassium) were determined. The results showed that the nutrient content was highest for all four parameters at the extraction temperature of 35 °C. For example, while at 20 and 50°C the NO3 – content ranged from 263 to 768 mg/l and from 210 to 534 mg/l, at 35 °C it ranged from 498.33 to 2636.67 mg/l, irrespective of the mixing ratio and extraction time. If the extraction temperature is not taken into account, the nutrient content increased with the increase of the extraction time, so that the highest values were measured at 72 hours extraction time obviously. The data measured in the present experiment will serve as a basis for subsequent experiments with different indicator plants, investigating the effect of compost when applied as a solution.
Recent Developments and Different Perspectives on Social and Emotional Competency Classifications: A Comparative Study
Authors: Said Sulayiam Al Matari Ali , Juma Fadhil AlSaadi Saliha , Saleh Ali Albalushi Wasin
Published: July 2024

Social and emotional competencies play a major role in promoting a climate of positive relationships, responsibility, and a sense of family security; supporting positive behavior; achieving academic growth; contributing to emotional self-regulation; reducing anxiety about social interaction in individuals; reducing psychological stress; promoting optimism; and supporting mental health in individuals; however, there is no consensus on the number of core competencies, and how to identify and activate them. This difference in approach challenges future research, as well as the scientific utility of creating an integrative taxonomy, and focused review evaluates different approaches to visualizing and assessing social and emotional competencies. Based on common concepts, the researchers seek to provide different classifications of social and emotional learning competencies, through which they identify the basic domains and manifestations of social and emotional competencies that link frameworks focused on social and emotional learning (CASEL) and personality traits (such as the Big Five). By presenting these different developments in the classifications of social and emotional learning competencies, the researcher sees better organizing many of the terms and definitions used and directing the perception and activation of social and emotional competencies and their various aspects.
INFLUENCE OF MILITARY ACTIONS ON THE CONTENT OF ORGANIC MATTER AND NUTRIENTS IN SOILS OF SOUTHERN UKRAINE
Authors: Mikhaylyuk V. I.
Published: July 2024

Problem Statement and Purpose. As a result of hostilities, soils are degraded due to disturbance, compaction, burning, contamination with munitions remnants, and toxic contamination. There are long-term consequences of the impact of munitions due to the ingress of so-called “potentially hazardous elements” into the soil. The most obvious is the violation of soil integrity as a result of mine and shell explosions, which has been called bombturbation. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of artillery shell bursts, detonation of anti-tank (TM‑62) and anti-personnel (ПМН‑2) mines during demining of the territory by detonation, and combustion of munitions on the content and distribution of organic matter in soils, mobile phosphorus and potassium, as well as the potential biological activity of soils.
Data & Methods. 17 sites were surveyed, including 3 sites each with craters from anti-tank and anti-personnel mines, two craters from 122- or 152-mm artillery shells, 2 sites with burnt soil, and 7 control sites. The study was carried out in August 2023 on the front line in the right-bank part of Kherson region on Calcic Chernozems, dark chestnut soils (Calcic Kastanozems) and soils of hydromorphic landscapes (Gleyic Kastanozems and Gleyic Fluvisol). Soil samples were collected in the centre of the crater, as well as at a distance of 1 m, 2 m and 3.5 (5) m from the centre of the crater. In the centre of each crater, a single sample was taken from the 0–15 cm soil layer, and the rest were mixed (6–8 single samples) from the 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm horizons.
Results. In craters caused by the detonation of anti-tank mines and artillery shells, deeper soil horizons with a lower (by 34–51%) organic matter content are exposed, with little mixing of the soil mass due to landslides and soil shedding. Such a destructive process should be described not as «bombturbation», but as «bomb erosion soils» – explosive cutting of the soil with the formation of sinkholes (cavernous relief) and the movement and dispersal of soil mass. Craters form socalled “limited structural element” – areas withbomb erosion soils that change homogeneous elemental soil habitats into sporadically patchy ones. Craters and sporadically patchy soil habitats in general are characterised by a distinct and regular heterogeneity in terms of organic matter, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium and nitrification capacity. When detonating anti-personnel mines, there are no clear patterns of decrease or increase in the content of organic matter and nutrients. When demining an area by detonating mines, dry soils in the summer, which have a relatively higher density and hardness, are least damaged.
NATURAL MEDICINAL RESOURCES OF POLTAVA REGION: STATE OF RESEARCH AND USAGE
Authors: Tsurkan O. I. , Oliinyk N. P.
Published: July 2024

Problem statement and Purpose. The article reviews the current state of practical use of natural medicinal resources of Poltava region. The article analyses the natural medicinal resources of Poltava region, which are included in the State Cadastre of Natural Medicinal Resources, and provides their medical (balneological) characteristics. The purpose of the study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of use of natural medicinal resources in Poltava Oblast and to identify promising areas for the development of resort and healthcare activities. The task is to address practical issues, in particular, to assess the state of use of the studied natural medicinal resources of the Poltava region and to establish the possibility of developing resort and healthcare activities to attract untapped resources and opportunities.
Data & Methods. The research materials include reports of research works performed by the SI "Ukrainian Research Institute of Medical Rehabilitation and Resort Therapy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine"; data from the State Cadastre of Natural Medicinal Resources, which characterises natural medicinal resources (mineral waters, therapeutic mud, bischofite) of Poltava region and their medical (balneological) purpose. In the course of the study, the methods of analysis and synthesis of the State Cadastre of Natural Medicinal Resources, scientific summarization of the funded works of the SI "Ukrainian Research Institute of Medical Rehabilitation and Resort Therapy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine" were used.
Results. The most widely used mineral waters without specific components and properties have been explored almost throughout the Poltava region. The potential of mineral waters with a high content of organic matters and bromine, iodine-bromine brines suitable for development is not fully exploited. The Novi Sanzhary territorial community has a significant underutilized resource of mineral waters of balneological groups with a high content of organic matter and bromine, iodine-bromine brines and peat peloids of the Malyi Kobeliachok deposit. Wider use of the potential of hydromineral resources suitable for exploitation by the Novi Sanzhary settlement community will contribute to the development of health tourism and the formation of a well-developed health and recreation complex for the effective development of not only the community and the district, but also the entire region. Taking into account the uniqueness and value of the natural medicinal resources of the Novi Sanzhary settlement territorial community, it is necessary to declare the natural territory of Novi Sanzhary and Kliusivka village a resort of local importance.
Influence of Spirituality Leadership Cultures Cognitive Processes Personal Attitude To Leadership Integrity Through Decision Making In Lembang District Tana Toraja And Toraja – North, Indonesia
Authors: Goti Matius
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This research was conducted to see the intricate relationships between spirituality, local leadership cultures, cognitive processes, and personal attitudes towards leadership integrity, specifically through decision-making in Lembang District, Tana Toraja, and Toraja Utara in Indonesia. These regions are renowned for their rich cultural heritage and unique leadership traditions deeply rooted in spirituality.  Data collection was achieved through the distribution of questionnaires to various respondents. The gathered data were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. The findings reveal that To Parenge''s leadership spirituality, personal attitude and decision-making significantly influence To Parenge''s leadership integrity, decision-making in the ten Lembang in Tana Toraja and North Toraja regencies.
Brazil, BRICS Membership And FDI: Economic Divergence And Future Prospects
Authors: Enderwick Peter
Published: July 2024

Brazil has long depended on IFDI to boost economic growth. Its membership in the BRICS grouping since 2001 has increased links with two of the world’s fastest-growing economies – China and India. However, Brazil has not been a strong economic performer within the BRICS group, attracting only a modest share of IFDI both globally and intra-group, in part because of its high cost of doing business. Brazil’s primary benefits of BRICS membership have come from increased trade, involvement in alternative governance arrangements, and broader support from China. Economic reforms, both domestically and internationally, are critical to Brazil’s continuing success in attracting IFDI.
АНАЛИЗ СПОНТАННОЙ УСТНОЙ РЕЧИ КАК СПОСОБ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ СТРАТИФИКАЦИОННОЙ ВАРИАТИВНОСТИ ЯЗЫКОВЫХ КОДОВ НА ПОЛЬСКО-БЕЛОРУССКОМ ПОГРАНИЧЬЕ
Authors: КОНЧЕВСКА КАТАЖИНА
Published: July 2024

Предметом статьи является анализ спонтанной устной речи как способ исследования стратификационной вариативности языковых кодов в ареале со сложной социолингвистической ситуацией. Данные для исследования были собраны автором в ходе единоличных полевых экспедиций, проведенных в 2015–2021 годах в малоисследованном полиэтническом, поликультурном, полилингвальном микроареале по обеим сторонам польско-белорусской границы. Его особенностью является сохранившееся до наших дней деление на шляхетские (мелкодворянские) околицы и крестьянские деревни, возникшее в XVI в. Результаты исследования отмечают выраженную корреляцию между современной социолингвистической ситуацией и историческими процессами освоения данного микроареала, а также особенностями ее сословной составляющей. На основании анализа собранного в ходе полевых экспедиций корпуса устной речи обращено внимание на локальность как фактор социально-когнитивной значимости, выделены выступающие в исследуемом микроареале языковые коды, сосредоточено внимание на языковых проявлениях социальной стратификации и перцептивных особенностях восприятия своего языка носителями отдельных кодов. Предлагаемый подход является продуктивным методом изучения языковых контактов в пограничных ареалах со сложной исторической и современной социолингвистической ситуацией.
Nadgradnja digitalne slovarske baze za slovenščino in slovenskega oblikoslovnega leksikona sloleks s podatki o govorjeni slovenščini: načrti in cilji
Authors: Čibej Jaka , Robida Nejc , Krek Simon
Published: July 2024

V prispevku predstavljamo načrte in cilje za dopolnjevanje jezikovnih virov, kot sta Digitalna slovarska baza za slovenščino in Slovenski oblikoslovni leksikon Sloleks, s podatki o govorjeni slovenščini oz. natančneje o tipično govorjenem besedišču, in sicer predvsem za namene jezikovnotehnoloških potreb (npr. razpoznavalniki in sintetizatorji govora). Po kratkem pregledu sorodnih raziskav predstavimo gradivo, ki ga bomo uporabili za ta namen (korpusa GOS in JANES), ter poglavitne izzive, na katere naletimo pri vključevanju nestandardnega besedišča v obstoječe vire, ki so bili do zdaj namenjeni predvsem pisni standardni slovenščini. Poleg problematike kanoničnih oblik (npr. lavfati/laufati) naslovimo npr. tudi tematiko nestandardnih fonemov ([ˈɡɾɔːza] vs. [ˈɦɾɔːza]), nestandardnih izgovorjav standardnih besednih oblik (mislim [ˈmiːslim] → [ˈmiːsləm]) ter nestandardne morfologije (Mihatov, opravičavam). Opisane izzive bomo v okviru projekta MEZZANINE opisali, rešitve pa dokumentirali v smernicah, ki bodo omogočile sistematično polnjenje obstoječih jezikovnih virov s tipično govorjeno leksiko.