bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the PELITA Bullying Prevention Program: A Study of Elementary School Teachers in Kudus, Indonesia
Authors: Ahyani Latifah Nur , Pramono Ridwan Budi , Astuti Rr Dwi , Kawuryan Fajar , Purwaningrum Jayanti Putri
Published: September 2019

Background:

Bullying has become a severe problem in the educational context. Along with many other countries, Indonesia is also concerned about bullying problems.PELITA(Bullying-Free Psychoeducation for Indonesia) is a pilot program that is expected to become a foundation for a program in bullying prevention, targeted especially to prevent bullying by teachers in Kudus.

Objective:

This study aimed to analyze the changes in empathy scores, emotional regulation, and efficacy of teaching before and after undergoing the program.

Methods:

The researcher then conducted qualitative analysis to determine the narrative results related to subjects’ understanding of bullying and empathy, subjects’ ability to regulate emotions, and the teachers’ efficacy in teaching. This study used a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design with a convergent mixed methods approach. Using a mixed methods approach, we were able to compare and integrate findings from the quantitative and qualitative data. Participants were elementary school teachers selected to represent various areas in the Kudus district. Data collection was conducted using a scale, interviews, and focus group discussions.

Results:

The results showed that, from the three variables, empathy and emotion regulation did not see a significant increase. However, the variable of teacher efficacy showed a significant improvement.

Conclusion:

The qualitative and quantitative data obtained in this study evidently complements each other. Several improvements in this programs that needs attention, are knowledge transfer about learning disability, mastery of techniques related to rewards and punishment, as well as shaping techniques and other behavioral modification techniques. The analysis, conclusion, and implication will be discussed further in this article.
XXIII Международный симпозиум Нанофизика и наноэлектроника", Нижний Новгород, 11-14 марта 2019 г. Вертикальный полевой транзистор с управляющим p-n-переходом на основе GaAs
Authors: Востоков Н.В. , Данильцев В.М. , Краев С.А. , Крюков В.Л. , Скороходов Е.В. , Стрельченко С.С. , Шашкин В.И.
Published: September 2019

The first results on the creation of an original power GaAs field-effect transistor with a vertical channel controlled by the p-n junction are presented. The main technological feature is the use of two separate processes of epitaxial growth in the formation of the transistor structure. The part of the transistor containing the drain, drift and gate areas is grown by liquid-phase epitaxy. The technology of organometallic gas-phase epitaxy is used to form the areas of the channel and the source.
Двумерные брэгговские резонаторы на основе планарных диэлектрических волноводов (от теории к модельному тестированию)
Authors: Гинзбург Н.С. , Песков Н.Ю. , Заславский В.Ю. , Кочаровская Е.Р. , Малкин А.М. , Сергеев А.С. , Барышев В.Р. , Проявин М.Д. , Соболев Д.И.
Published: September 2019

Using analytical approaches and CST Microwave Studio 3D simulations, we have undertaken a theoretical analysis of electrodynamical characteristics of 2D Bragg structures based on planar oversized dielectric waveguides with double-periodical corrugation. Such structures are of significant interest for obtaining directed narrow-band radiation in heterolasers with large dimensions of an active area. Modeling electrodynamical experiments on 'cold' testing of such structures in millimeter wavelength band were conducted. Fine agreement between the experimental results and the simulation results was demonstrated
which includes the presence of the highest-quality mode inside the Bragg reflection band in absence of the periodicity defects.
Неклассические источники света на основе селективно позиционированных микролинзовых структур и (111) In(Ga)As квантовых точек
Authors: Деребезов И.А. , Гайслер В.А. , Гайслер А.В. , Дмитриев Д.В. , Торопов А.И. , von Helversen M. , de la Haye C. , Bounouar S. , Reitzenstein S.
Published: September 2019

Hybrid microcavity for single quantum dot based emitters has been developed and realized. The microcavity consists of semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector and microlens, which is selectively positioned over a single (111) In(Ga)As quantum dot. We have demonstrated pure single photon emission with g(2)(0) = 0.07. The fine structure of exciton states of (111) In(Ga)As quantum dots is studied. It is shown that the splitting of exciton states is comparable with the natural width of exciton lines, which is of great interest for the design of emitters of pairs of entangled photons on the basis of these quantum dots.
Взаимодействие таммовского плазмона и экситона в органическом материале в режиме сильной связи
Authors: Морозов К.М. , Белоновский А.В. , Иванов К.А. , Гиршова Е.И. , Калитеевский М.А.
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe interaction of a Tamm plasmon with an exciton in an organic material in the strong coupling mode is investigated theoretically. The structure consists of five pairs of layers of silicon oxide and tantalum oxide, an organic light-emitting layer of 4,4'-bis( N -carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl, and a silver layer. It is shown that the splitting of polariton modes (Rabi splitting) with a magnitude of >400 meV can occur in such a structure, which can be accompanied by an increase in the luminescence bandwidth up to 700 meV.
Излучательные свойства сильно легированных эпитаксиальных слоев нитрида индия
Authors: Андреев Б.А. , Лобанов Д.Н. , Красильникова Л.В. , Бушуйкин П.А. , Яблонский А.Н. , Новиков А.В. , Давыдов В.Ю. , Юнин П.А. , Калинников М.И. , Скороходов Е.В. , Красильник З.Ф.
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe results of studies of the spontaneous photoluminescence and stimulated emission spectra of epitaxial n -InN layers with a concentration of free electrons of ~10^19 cm^–3 are reported. The layers are grown by molecular-beam epitaxy with the plasma activation of nitrogen on sapphire substrates with AlN and GaN buffer layers. It is found that, as the InN layers are grown under conditions with enrichment with nitrogen at a growth temperature elevated to 470°C close to the beginning of the decomposition of InN, the crystal quality of the layers is improved and the stimulated-emission threshold is lowered. As the conditions of growth change to conditions with enrichment with the metal, two emission bands separated by an energy of 100 meV are observed in the spontaneous-photoluminescence spectra of InN. For such layers, a substantial increase in the stimulated-emission threshold and, in some cases, the lack of a transition to stimulated emission are observed. In the study, an interpretation of the observed emission bands is given and some inferences as to their nature are made.
Влияние электронного облучения на диэлектрические характеристики монокристаллов AgGaSe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Шелег А.У. , Гуртовой В.Г.
Published: September 2019

The effect of various doses of electron irradiation on the dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of triple nonlinear AgGaSe2 crystals at different measuring field frequencies in the temperature range of 100-300 K has been investigated. It has been found that single-crystal irradiation leads to a dielectric constant decrease and an electrical conductivity significant increase. It is shown that the dielectric constant and electrical conductivity increase with an temperature increase. It has been established that AgGaSe2 crystals are characterized by the presence of several conductivity types. A significant frequency dispersion of the dielectric properties of the investigated crystals was found.
Акустическая и электромагнитная эмиссии при ударном повреждении сверхтвердых керамик SiC и AlMg-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-
Authors: Кадомцев А.Г. , Гольева Е.В. , Дунаев А.A. , Чмель А.Е. , Щербаков И.П.
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we employ SiC super hard ceramics that are widely used for the manufacture of individual means of protecting people from point impact effects and MgAl_2O_4 ceramics transparent in a wide spectral range that are used for protective screens of optical devices of aircraft, which are exposed to solid dust particles and atmospheric precipitation. Here, we study generation and relaxation of microcracks under impact action by using acoustic emission and electromagnetic emission, respectively. Since the mechanism of generation of these types of emissions has a different origin, then a comparison of the emission activity of one and another type allowed identifying general and individual patterns of impact damage to SiC and MgAl_2O_4 solid ceramics.
Влияние поверхностных эффектов на изгиб и колебания нанопленок
Authors: Ильгамов М.А.
Published: September 2019

AbstractStatic cylindrical bending of nanofilms is considered in linear and nonlinear formulations. The frequency spectrum of bending vibrations and the parametric resonance are determined. In this case, two surface effects are taken into account. The first one is associated with different elastic properties in the surface layer and in the bulk of the material. It is manifested in stretching and bending of nanometer-thick films. The second effect is due to the difference, caused by bending, between the areas of the convex and concave surfaces subjected to gas pressure. The greater the ratio of the mean pressure to the elastic modulus of the material and the ratio of the length of the film to its thickness, the stronger this effect. The loading conditions of the end surfaces of the film are also important, as well as the strain over the film thickness under the action of the mean pressure. A positive mean pressure leads to an increase in effective stiffness, a decrease in deflection, and an increase in natural frequencies. A negative mean pressure reduces stiffness and natural frequencies. It is shown that, in this case, film bending may occur as a result of the longitudinal in stability. Oscillations of the mean pressure lead to a parametric amplification of bending vibrations. These results cannot be obtained on the basis of the classical equations of bending of plates and films.
Применение высокочастотного ЭПР/ЭСЭ для идентификации примесного состава и электронной структуры керамик на основе гранатов
Authors: Единач Е.В. , Успенская Ю.А. , Гурин А.С. , Бабунц Р.А. , Асатрян Г.Р. , Романов Н.Г. , Бадалян А.Г. , Баранов П.Г.
Published: September 2019

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of Ce3+, Yb3+, Cr3+, and Gd3+ impurity ions in yttrium aluminum garnet Y3Al5O12 (YAG) ceramics were detected and identified at frequency of 94 GHz. The advantage of measuring the EPR spectra in the high-frequency range compared to the standard EPR technique is shown, which makes it possible to separate the EPR spectra characterized by different anisotropic g-factors and also to isolate the EPR signals due to the splitting of the fine structure for centers with high-spin states. In ceramics with a high content of magnetic Gd3+ ions, EPR and electron spin echo (ESE) spectra of multi-ionic gadolinium complexes were observed, and EPR spectra of complexes with the maximum number of exchange-coupled gadolinium ions are seen at low temperatures. The temperature dependences of the EPR spectra indicates ferromagnetic ordering of exchange-coupled complexes of gadolinium.
Фазовый переход металл-диэлектрик в тонких пленках диоксида ванадия, легированного никелем
Authors: Андреев В.Н. , Климов В.А.
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe electrical conductivity of thin polycrystalline VNi_ x O_2 films has been studied in a wide range of temperatures, which covers the regions of both metallic and insulator phase. It is shown that the metal–insulator phase transition temperature decreases as the nickel concentration increases, and the temperature range of coexistence of the phases increases monotonically. The temperature dependence of the conductivity of the insulating VNi_ x O_2 phase is explained using the hopping conduction model that takes into account the influence of thermal atomic vibrations on the resonance integral. Parameter ε has been calculated as a function of the doping level of VO_2.
Электронографическое изучение структуры эпитаксиального графена, сформированного путем термического разложения SiC(0001) в атмосфере Ar и в высоком вакууме
Authors: Котоусова И.С. , Лебедев С.П. , Лебедев А.А. , Булат П.В.
Published: September 2019

The structure of epitaxial graphene formed by thermal destruction of silicon carbide surface in the conditions of vacuum synthesis and in an Ar environment has been studied by reflection electron diffraction. As a result of the conducted study it is found the notably more homogeneous graphene coating of buffer layer on the SiC surface under the graphene formation on the polytypes 4H- и 6H- SiC(0001) surfaces in the inert environment as against the graphene synthesis in vacuum. The dependence of quality of the covering from degree of initial single crystal perfection is shown.
Взаимная энергия колец Гаусса
Authors: Кондратьев Б.П. , Корноухов В.С.
Published: September 2019

AbstractA problem of mutual potential energy of two elliptical gravitating (or electrostatically charged) Gaussian rings is formulated and solved. The rings are coplanar, and their apsid lines generally have an angle of inclination to each other. The mutual energy of the rings is found in quadratic approximation with respect to ring eccentricities e _1 and e _2. At the first stage, the potential of the Gaussian ring is represented as a series in terms of eccentricity and determined at the points of another elliptical ring (note theoretical importance of such a result). Linear (with respect to quantities e _1 and e _2) terms are absent in the expression for the mutual energy of the rings, and the coefficients of the second-order terms ( $$e_{1}^{2}$$ and $$e_{2}^{2}$$ ) are equal to each other. Only one coefficient of mixed term ( e _1 e _2) is determined by the tilt angle of the apse lines. Such a result can be used to easily determine the moment of force between the rings that is needed for the study of small mutual oscillations of the Gaussian rings.
Изменение потенциала пространства в плазме тлеющего разряда при движении ударной волны
Authors: Барышников А.С. , Басаргин И.В. , Безверхний Н.О. , Бобашев С.В. , Монахов Н.А. , Попов П.А. , Сахаров В.А. , Чистякова М.В.
Published: September 2019

AbstractIt has been established in experiments on the interaction of a shock wave with a glow discharge that the motion of the shock wave is accompanied by an increase in the potential of discharge plasma. A relatively small change in the potential is observed ahead of the shock wave front and a significant one behind this front. The varying potential in the glow discharge plasma distorts the current of the dual probe. A method of its correction is proposed, which consists in the joint processing of two signals obtained in separate experiments with different surface areas of ​​the negative probe electrode. The method makes it possible to determine the ionic current and the change in the potential of space. The ionic current determined by the concentration of charged particles remains unchanged ahead of the arrival of the shock wave at the measurement point. A gradual increase in the ionic current is observed behind the wave front unlike the abrupt change in gas-dynamic parameters on the wave front.
Зондовая спектроскопия комбинационного рассеяния света поликристаллов ураниловых соединений
Authors: Горелик В.С. , Нечипуренко С.О. , Лобойко А.А.
Published: September 2019

AbstractRegularities in the Raman spectra of acetate uranyl compounds CsUO_2(CH_3COO)_3, CsUO_2(CD_3COO)_3, NaUO_2(CH_3COO)_3, NaUO_2(CD_3COO)_3, UO_2(CH_3COO)_2, and RbUO_2(CH_3COO)_3 have been analyzed. The Raman spectra are excited by 785-nm laser radiation and recorded using a miniature fiber-optic spectrometer with a multielement detector. It is established that the spectra of all these compounds contain a strong Raman satellite with a frequency in the range of 850–860 cm^–1. This satellite corresponds to symmetric stretching vibrations (type A _1) of the uranyl group. The obtained results make it possible to detect and analyze small amounts of uranyl compounds.
Локализованная вторая оптическая гармоника в нелинейно-оптической керамике при фемтосекундном лазерном возбуждении
Authors: Леонов С.О. , Бастамова М.А. , Сидоров Н.В. , Палатников М.Н. , Горелик В.С.
Published: September 2019

AbstractSecond harmonic generation is studied in samples of LiTaO_3 powder ceramics with different lithium concentrations (48.8 and 49.3%) under excitation by a femtosecond laser at a wavelength of 1.026 nm. The dependence of the second harmonic integral power on the incident radiation power is measured, and a method for estimating the nonlinearity coefficient and its homogeneity in green-body ceramics is proposed.
Распределенный волоконно-оптический датчик температуры на основе волоконного лазера ультракоротких импульсов
Authors: Ососков Я.Ж. , Чернуцкий А.О. , Дворецкий Д.А. , Сазонкин С.Г. , Куделин И.С. , Орехов И.О. , Пнев А.Б. , Карасик В.Е.
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe testing of an all-fiber erbium ultrashort pulsed laser in a distributed fiber temperature sensor as a source of probing pulses has been performed. Among the prospects of such an approach are an improved signal–noise ratio in the receiving system and a better spatial resolution of the temperature sensor. The experiments have revealed the factors that limit the effective length of the fiber temperature sensor, such as a high pulse repetition frequency and intrinsic laser noises. As a result of the performed work, the distributed fiber optical temperature sensor with a near-room-temperature resolution of ~1.5 K, an effective length of ~3 m, and a spatial resolution of ~10 cm has been developed.
Дистанционная регистрация следа судна по проявлениям на морской поверхности и приповерхностном слое морской среды и атмосферы
Authors: Носов В.Н. , Каледин С.Б. , Иванов С.Г. , Тимонин В.И.
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe tracking of hydrodynamic disturbances within the sea surface and near-surface layer and surface layer aerosol is performed using three different installations, a laser locator, photometer of sea brightness, and elastic aerosol lidar. The experiments are carried out under the natural conditions of the Black Sea polygon. A surface vessel was a source of hydrodynamic perturbations in the form of a lagging track. The results reveal the efficiency of the methods used to record ship tracks in three media.
Пропускание света тонким металлическим экраном с бесконечным массивом периодических нанощелей
Authors: Селина Н.В.
Published: September 2019

AbstractA rational method for calculating the transmission of light by a thin metal screen with an infinite periodic array of subwavelength slits is proposed. The calculation results agree well with available experimental and theoretical data.
Прямые измерения динамики электрокалорического отклика сегнетоэлектриков в условиях произвольного теплообмена
Authors: Сотникова Г.Ю. , Гаврилов Г.А. , Капралов A.А. , Смирнова Е.П.
Published: September 2019

A new effective method for direct electrocaloric measurements under arbitrary heat exchange conditions is proposed. The accuracy and reliability of the sample temperature measurements in dynamic provided by the use of mid-IR photodiode temperature sensors with the possibility of the in-situ calibration procedure
Наблюдение лазерной искры на скачке уплотнения в газоструйной мишени
Authors: Нечай А.Н. , Перекалов А.А. , Чхало Н.И. , Салащенко Н.Н.
Published: September 2019

The problem of degradation of gas nozzles is relevant in designing of high-power laser-plasma sources of extreme ultraviolet radiation with a gas jet as a target. Degradation is observed due to insufficient removal of the zone of formation of a laser spark from the nozzle exit. A cardinal solution of this problem is proposed due to the formation of a laser spark on shock waves, which are specially formed during the outflow of a supersonic gas jet. In this work, a laser spark was obtained on a similar shock wave and the emission intensity was measured as a function of the geometrical location of the spark formation.
Применение электростатической силовой микроскопии для определения статической диэлектрической проницаемости индивидуальных молекул гемоглобина
Authors: Давлеткильдеев Н.А. , Соколов Д.В. , Мосур Е.Ю. , Лопандина А.А. , Болотов В.В.
Published: September 2019

The technique for determination the dielectric permittivity of individual hemoglobin molecules based on modeling the profiles of their images obtained by electrostatic force microscopy is presented. The obtained values of static dielectric permittivity are in agreement with the literature data. The proposed technique can be adapted to determination the dielectric characteristics of individual molecules of various proteins.
Исследование формирования антиотражающего покрытия каскадных солнечных элементов
Authors: Малевская А.В. , Задиранов Ю.М. , Блохин А.А. , Андреев В.М.
Published: September 2019

Investigations of antireflection coating creating for multijunction solar cells based on AIIIBV heterostructures have been carried out. Investigated were modes of treatment of a heterostructure surface with application of plasma-chemical, liquid chemical and ion-beam etching methods. Technology for creating antireflection coating based on ТiOx/SiO2 layers was developed. Improvement of parameters of coating adhesion to the heterostructure surface and reduction of the reflection coefficient in multijunction solar cells were achieved.
Генерация частотных гребенок квантово-каскадными лазерами спектрального диапазона 8 μm
Authors: Дюделев В.В. , Михайлов Д.А. , Бабичев А.В. , Лосев С.Н. , Чистяков Д.В. , Когновицкая Е.А. , Авров Д.Д. , Слипченко С.О. , Лютецкий А.В. , Пихтин Н.А. , Гладышев А.Г. , Карачинский Л.Я. , Новиков И.И. , Кучинский В.И. , Егоров А.Ю. , Соколовский Г.С.
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe have studied the generation of frequency combs by quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) emitting in the 8-μm wavelength range. Results showed the presence of a self-pulsation regime near the lasing threshold. Further increase in the pumping current led to a sharp increase in width of the lasing spectrum, which allowed us to obtain frequency combs with a spectral width exceeding 1.5 THz. This behavior of QCLs can be explained by radiation absorption at the stripe edge that is related to the penetration of waveguide mode into unpumped regions.
Пылевые звуковые солитоны в запыленной ионосферной плазме, содержащей адиабатически захваченные электроны
Authors: Копнин С.И. , Попель С.И.
Published: September 2019

A possibility of propagation of localized wave structures, such as dust acoustic solitons, in dusty ionospheric plasmas, which contain photoelectrons, electrons and ions, as well as charged dust particles, is considered. The regions of possible velocities and amplitudes of solitons are determined. Soliton solutions are found for various sizes and number densities of dust particles in the dusty ionospheric plasmas.
Фрагментация молекулы глютамина электронным ударом
Authors: Папп А.В. , Вукстич В.С. , Романова Л.Г. , Снегурская Т.А. , Мегела И.Г. , Снегурский А.В.
Published: September 2019

Using the mass-spectrometric analysis technique, formation of the ionic products of the single and dissociative ionization of the glutamine molecule (C5H10N2O3) at its interaction with the low (70 eV) and high (11.5 MeV) energy electrons has been studied. The experimental mass-spectra of the above molecule measured at different irradiation doses (5, 10 and 20 kGy) and the near-threshold areas of the ionic fragment yield functions have been analyzed, the absolute ion fragment appearance energies have been found. The three-electrode electron gun and the electron accelerator (microtron) were used as the electron beam sources. The analysis of the behaviour of the measured glutamine molecule mass-spectra irradiated at the above doses demonstrates, as compared to the irradiated molecule mass-spectrum, that the high-energy irradiation of the initial molecule results in the irreversible changes of its structure.
Гетеробарьерные варакторы с неоднородно легированными модулирующими слоями
Authors: Малеев Н.А. , Бобров М.А. , Кузьменков А.Г. , Васильев А.П. , Кулагина М.М. , Гусева Ю.А. , Блохин С.А. , Устинов В.М.
Published: September 2019

Optimal capacitance-voltage characteristic is critical for heterobarrier varactor diode (HBV) performance in terms of multiplication efficiency in mm- and sub-mm wave ranges. Numerical model of capacitance-voltage characteristics and leakage current for HBV with arbitrary heterostructure composition and doping profile was verified on published data and original experimental results. Designed HBV heterostructure with three undoped InAlAs/AlAs/InAlAs barriers surrounded with non-uniformly doped n-InGaAs modulation layers was grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on InP substrate and test HBV diodes have been fabricated. Test HBV diodes demonstrate capacitance-voltage characteristics with cosine shape at bias voltage up to two volts, increased capacitance ratio and low leakage current values.
A modern view on the Epididymal Cyst treatment as an Obstructive Azoospermia factor
Authors: Sarkisyan D. V. , Vinogradov I. V.
Published: September 2019

It performed the analysis of literature data on modern approaches to the treatment of vas deference spermatic obstruction caused by epididymis cyst (EC). High medical and social significance of male infertility was noted, one of the etiological factors of which may be EC. It is shown that at present, minimally invasive methods of treatment of EC are widely used, not inferior in effectiveness and safety to traditional types of surgical treatment of this pathology. As one of such approaches, sclerotherapy of EC is considered an affordable and low-impact method, the use of which does not require large economic costs and can be used in young men of reproductive age. The results of studies showing high clinical efficacy and safety of EC sclerotherapy. It was noted that information on the this assesment of the impact on men fertility is practically absent in the available literature, which indicates the need for further clinical trials to studу on the possibility of sclerotherapy in the EC treatment.
Using the Preparation Phase of the Multiphase Optimization Strategy to Develop a Messaging Component for Weight Loss: Formative and Pilot Research (Preprint)
Authors: Pfammatter Angela Fidler , Marchese Sara Hoffman , Pellegrini Christine , Daly Elyse , Davidson Miriam , Spring Bonnie
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Mobile messaging is often used in behavioral weight loss interventions, yet little is known as to the extent to which they contribute to weight loss when part of a multicomponent treatment package. The multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) is a framework that researchers can use to systematically investigate interventions that achieve desirable outcomes given specified constraints.

OBJECTIVE

This study describes the use of MOST to develop a messaging intervention as a component to test as part of a weight loss treatment package in a subsequent optimization trial.

METHODS

On the basis of our conceptual model, a text message intervention was created to support self-regulation of weight-related behaviors. We tested the messages in the ENLIGHTEN feasibility pilot study. Adults with overweight and obesity were recruited to participate in an 8-week weight loss program. Participants received a commercially available self-monitoring smartphone app, coaching calls, and text messages. The number and frequency of text messages sent were determined by individual preferences, and weight was assessed at 8 weeks.

RESULTS

Participants (n=9) in the feasibility pilot study lost 3.2% of their initial body weight over the 8-week intervention and preferred to receive 1.8 texts per day for 4.3 days per week. Researcher burden in manually sending messages was high, and the cost of receiving text messages was a concern. Therefore, a fully automated push notification system was developed to facilitate sending tailored daily messages to participants to support weight loss.

CONCLUSIONS

Following the completion of specifying the conceptual model and the feasibility pilot study, the message intervention went through a final iteration. Theory and feasibility pilot study results during the preparation phase informed critical decisions about automation, frequency, triggers, and content before inclusion as a treatment component in a factorial optimization trial.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01814072; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01814072
Ambiguity in Communicating Intensity of Physical Activity: Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Hyeoneui , Kim Jaemin , Taira Ricky
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Communicating physical activity information with sufficient details, such as activity type, frequency, duration, and intensity, is vital to accurately delineate the attributes of physical activity that bring positive health impact. Unlike frequency and duration, intensity is a subjective concept that can be interpreted differently by people depending on demographics, health status, physical fitness, and exercise habits. However, activity intensity is often communicated using general degree modifiers, degree of physical exertion, and physical activity examples, which are the expressions that people may interpret differently. Lack of clarity in communicating the intensity level of physical activity is a potential barrier to an accurate assessment of exercise effect and effective imparting of exercise recommendations.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the variations in people’s perceptions and interpretations of commonly used intensity descriptions of physical activities and to identify factors that may contribute to these variations.

METHODS

A Web-based survey with a 25-item questionnaire was conducted using Amazon Mechanical Turk, targeting adults residing in the United States. The questionnaire included questions on participants’ demographics, exercise habits, overall perceived health status, and perceived intensity of 10 physical activity examples. The survey responses were analyzed using the R statistical package.

RESULTS

The analyses included 498 responses. The majority of respondents were females (276/498, 55.4%) and whites (399/498, 79.9%). Numeric ratings of physical exertion after exercise were relatively well associated with the 3 general degree descriptors of exercise intensity: light, moderate, and vigorous. However, there was no clear association between the intensity expressed with those degree descriptors and the degree of physical exertion the participants reported to have experienced after exercise. Intensity ratings of various examples of physical activity differed significantly according to respondents’ characteristics. Regression analyses showed that those who reported good health or considered regular exercise was important for their health tended to rate the intensity levels of the activity examples significantly higher than their counterparts. The respondents’ age and race (white vs nonwhite) were not significant predictors of the intensity rating.

CONCLUSIONS

This survey showed significant variations in how people perceive and interpret the intensity levels of physical activities described with general severity modifiers, degrees of physical exertion, and physical activity examples. Considering that these are among the most widely used methods of communicating physical activity intensity in current practice, a possible miscommunication in assessing and promoting physical activity seems to be a real concern. We need to adopt a method that represents activity intensity in a quantifiable manner to avoid unintended miscommunication.
Making Sense of Negative Findings from Mobile Attention Bias Modification Interventions for Individuals with Addictive Disorders: Quantitative Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Melvyn , Ying Jiangbo , Amron Syidda B , Mahreen Zaakira , Song Guo , Fung Daniel SS , Smith Helen E
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Advances in experimental psychology have led to a better understanding of unconscious, automatic processes that result in individuals relapsing into their substance-using habits. While some reviews have demonstrated the effectiveness of bias retraining of these unconscious biases, there have been other reviews that have highlighted that bias retraining is not always effective. Other studies have revealed there was no baseline biases among some participants. An examination of mobile bias retraining interventions has also revealed mixed results, with some reporting effectiveness and others null findings. A recent feasibility and acceptability study, done by the authors, revealed that 53% of participants have had no baseline biases and 21% of those with positive baseline biases did not have a positive change in magnitude following intervention.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper was to explore potential variables (demographic and clinical) that could account for the negative baseline biases in the prior feasibility and acceptability study, and to discuss some of the factors that could account for the absence of baseline biases. We also explored potential reasons for why there was no reduction in the magnitude of attentional biases among individuals with baseline biases.

METHODS

Participants who were in the rehabilitation phase of their treatment were invited to participate. During the study they had to complete a set of baseline questionnaires, and on each day that they were on the ward they had to complete an attention bias assessment and modification task and rate their cravings using a visual analogue scale. Attention bias was deemed to be present if individuals had a positive score.

RESULTS

In our study, 53% (16/30) of individuals did not present with baseline attentional biases, and among those with positive baseline biases a total of 21% (3/14) of participants did not have a reduction in the overall magnitude of attentional biases. Chi-square analyses undertaken to compare the demographic characteristics of participants with and without baseline biases did not reveal any significant findings. However, with respect to clinical characteristics, those who had positive baseline biases had experimented with more substances.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study is one of the first to have explored negative findings in attention bias modification interventions for individuals with addictive disorders. We postulate that several factors could account for the absence of baseline biases and there being no changes following bias retraining. Future research ought to take into consideration these factors.
“Holding up Half the Sky”—Women and the Glass Ceiling at a University in China
Authors: O’Sullivan Kathy
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study is to describe the glass ceiling is perceived by women in the role of mid-to-senior level academics and administrators in higher education in a Chinese university. This study also sought to understand the characteristics of women in mid-to-senior level positions, as well as the tools and resources necessary for women to obtain such a position in higher education. Drawing on in-depth interviews with eight women in mid-to-senior level academic and administrative positions in one university and informed by constructivist views, the essence of their lived experience helped to inform a broader discourse of women and the glass ceiling. The ?ndings highlight how women’s career progression is shaped by cultural norms and conventions.
PURULENT INFECTIONS OF THE MAXILLO-FACIAL REGION AMONG HIV INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Boev I. A.
Published: September 2019

The study of the manifestations of the epidemic process of facial phlegmons was carried out on the basis of a detailed retrospective analysis of the incidence rate of the inhabitants of the Perm region for the period from 2011 to 2016. Separately, the incidence of phlegmons among HIV-infected patients was taken into account. As a result of the research, it has been shown that there is a tendency of an increase in the incidence of phlegmons of the face in the general population and a slight decrease among HIV-infected people. The bulk of the cases are people of young and middle age. In HIV-infected patients, facial phlegmons is 8,9 times more common than in the general population, which must be taken into account when providing medical care, especially surgical.
Russia and Israel in Syrian Crisis
Authors: Vasetsova E S
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the main aspects of cooperation between Russia and Israel during Russian military operation in Syria. The author argues that in modern realities there was a rapprochement of Russia's and Israel’s national interests as both nations were equally interested in preventing the strengthening of the terrorist organization “Islamic state” and the stabilization of the situation in the region as a whole. The leaders of Russia and Israel have managed to find a common language, and in the moment two countries have established close cooperation during the military operation in Syria by Russian air-space force. However, the author predicts that in the short term both parties will have to make mutual concessions to maintain their favorable relations.
Memory of the War and War on Memory: Historical Lessons of the Past and Political Challenges of the Present. The Papers of the “Round Table” of the Lecturers and Students of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
Authors: Kazarinova D B , Khlebnikov I E , Taisheva V V , Yagodka N N , Dzhivanyan D A
Published: September 2019

On 7 May of 2015 the Department of Comparative Politics of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia held a “Round-table” Conference commemorating the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War under the title: “Memory of the war and war on memory: historical lessons of the past and political challenges of the present”.
Politics of Central Asia: Water and Energy Aspect
Authors: Zhiltsov S S
Published: September 2019

This article analyzes the situation regarding the water resources of the transboundary rivers that developed in Central Asia after the collapse of the Soviet Union when the previous mechanism of mutual account of the interests of all the Central Asian republics broke down. Particular attention is given to the factors that have an impact on the formation and implementation of Central Asian politics regarding water use. A comparison is made of the international legal base that regulates conflicts involving the water resources of transboundary rivers and the legal documents of the Central Asian states. The paper analyzes the reasons for the failure to create a multisided mechanism for resolving the disputes that arise among the Central Asian countries with respect to water use of the transboundary rivers.
Sociology on the move: The demand for the humanistic digital turn
Authors: Kravchenko S. A.
Published: September 2019

Digitalization of society has ambivalent consequences: there are new benefits (‘smart’ technologies, artificial intellect, multiple knowledge), but at the same time digital risks and metamorphoses that traumatize the behavior and thinking of people, alienate them from social ties and life-worlds. These processes have become a challenge for sociology and other social sciences that strive to develop new approaches, among which the digital and humanistic turns are the most relevant. The author aims at (a) analyzing the impact of digitalization on the production of metamorphoses and side effects on society and man, which are related to new complex risks and manifest challenges to sociology; (b) developing the contours of the conception of ‘the digital turn in sociology’ and identifying its essence in comparison with other, previous turns in sociology - linguistic, risk, cultural, etc.; (c) proposing the means that allow to overcome or minimize the side effects of the existing type of digitalization - the author argues for the demand to move sociology in the direction of the integral use of the instruments of the digital and humanistic turns. The article considers new challenges to mankind and scientific knowledge as determined not so much by the very process of digitalization, but by its existing type based on principles of formal rationality, pragmatism, and mercantilism neglecting, in fact, life-worlds of people. This type of digitalization is not ‘universal’ and can be changed by an alternative humanistic trend of digitalization. In order to begin establishing the humanistic trend of digitalization scientists should integrate the theoretical instruments of the proposed digital turn with other interdisciplinary turns and especially with the humanistic turn.
Estado epiléptico en niños: experiencia de un hospital de alta complejidad en Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Otero Palacio Lorena Patricia , Herrera Gómez Yurany Andrea , Cornejo Ochoa José William , Carrizosa Moog Jaime , Henao Villegas Julieth
Published: September 2019

OBJETIVO:
Describir las características clínicas, electroencefalográficas, imagenológicas y etiológicas de niños y adolescentes mayores de un mes de vida y menores de 14 años, con diagnóstico de estado epiléptico (EE), atendidos entre enero del 2005 y diciembre del 2015 en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación (HUSVF) en Medellín, Colombia.

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS:
Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se describieron los datos clínicos, demográficos, imagenológicos y etiológicos de las historias clínicas recolectadas en el periodo mencionado. Se incluyeron pacientes con edad ?14 años, excepto los neonatos. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el programa estadístico IBM SPSS Statistics 21,0.

RESULTADOS:
Se obtuvieron 234 registros, correspondientes a 348 episodios de EE. La edad promedio de presentación fue de 3,2 años (± 2,7 DE). La presentación clínica más frecuente fue la convulsión tónico-clónica generalizada, seguida por la convulsión focal motora. Existió el antecedente personal de epilepsia en el 50,9 %. Las principales etiologías fueron fiebre (60,6 %), malformaciones del sistema nervioso central (32,6 %) y suspensión de anticonvulsivantes (13 °/o). Los hallazgos imagenológicos más frecuentes fueron la hidrocefalia y las malformaciones del desarrollo cortical. El tratamiento de primera línea fue con benzodiacepinas, seguido por fenitoína y fenobarbital. El 9 °% requirieron medicamentos de tercera línea. La mortalidad fue de 1,2 °%.

CONCLUSIÓN:
Los resultados encontrados fueron similares a los descritos en otras poblaciones. La etiología del EE es heterogénea. Adicionalmente, se encontró que la suspensión de medicamentos constituye una causa importante de EE en nuestra población.
REFORMA TRABALHISTA E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES NA REPRESENTAÇÃO SINDICAL DOS TRABALHADORES
Authors: PAIVA e BRUM ALEXANDRE e ADRIANA
Published: September 2019

A nova legislação brasileira que entrou em vigor em novembro de 2017, conhecida como a “Reforma Trabalhista”, trouxe um novo cenário para as relações de trabalho, com repercussão nos vínculos empregatícios, na forma de acesso à justiça e também no modo de atuação de entidades de proteção ao trabalhador como o Ministério do Trabalho e associações sindicais. Nesse último aspecto, ao mesmo tempo em que os sindicatos foram alçados como protagonistas na promoção de melhorias das condições de trabalho por meio de negociações coletivas, os efeitos da reforma, além de não alcançaram a liberdade sindical cerceada por meio do princípio da unicidade, também feriram de morte as entidades sindicais mediante alteração na forma de custeio. O presente trabalho consiste numa breve análise histórica e legislativa do sindicalismo no país, bem como suas alterações após a vigência da Lei n. 13.467/2017 e seus reflexos nos acordos e convenções coletivas de trabalho. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, pautada em análise bibliográfica.
Convergência espacial da criminalidade nas microrregiões do Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Souza Helson Gomes de , Rocha Stalys Ferreira , Chaves Fellipy Augusto Holanda
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a veracidade da hipótese de convergência para os níveis de criminalidade nas microrregiões do Nordeste brasileiro. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados para 187 microrregiões do Nordeste do Brasil, distribuídos entre os anos de 1996 a 2015. Por meio de uma metodologia espacial para dados em painel, concluiu-se que as taxas de criminalidade das microrregiões do Nordeste brasileiro convergem para uma determinada taxa de equilíbrio. Além disso, foi possível concluir que essa convergência ocorre a uma velocidade relativamente baixa, onde seriam necessários cerca de 35 anos para que essa taxa de equilíbrio fosse alcançada.
“A FLOR DE JACINTO”: E QUANDO O/A PROFESSOR/A É GÊNERO NÃO BINÁRIO?
Authors: De Morais Medeiros José Washington
Published: September 2019

No Brasil, ainda são escassos os estudos sobre deslocamento de gê-nero e perfl docente. Assim, este ensaio discute o não binarismo de gêne-ro como performatividade docente. A metodologia fundou-se na pesquisa teórico-hermenêutica, subsidiada por aportes teóricos queer. Enfatiza que professores/as não binários/as travam a luta da resistência, muitas vezes vi-lipendiados/as pela ordem de um discurso heteronormativo inquisidor, que oblitera o corpo diferente, nega a subjetividade divergente e busca (re)en-quadrar a pessoa nos padrões instituídos pelo binarismo. A indolência do Es-tado/escola ao docente não binário tende a instaurar um jogo de degene-rescência opressora que encurrala o sujeito na própria condição existencial.
CONTROLADORES DE ACESSO DA AGENDA PÚBLICA: AS CONSTRUÇÕES DE MASCULINIDADES CISGÊNERAS HEGEMÔNICAS NO PANORAMA PRÉ-ELEITORAL DE 2018 NO BRASIL
Authors: Tchalian Vicente , Guerra da Silva Lucas
Published: September 2019

Esse trabalho observou discursos de pré-candidatos à presidência do Brasil em 2018, com vistas a analisar como se dão construções de masculinida-des ali performadas. Nosso escopo teórico centra-se nas discussões sobre mas-culinidade hegemônica e participação política de mulheres no cenário brasileiro, na crítica ao dispositivo da transgeneridade e à cisnormatividade heterocentrada. Partimos da observação e tabelamento dos dados gerados por meio de vídeos postados no site Youtube® e popularidade no Facebook, além de dados de pes-quisas do Datafolha para propor uma análise crítica da atual conjuntura políti-ca do país, a partir do aprofundamento da categoria “controladores de acesso”
FATORES RELACIONADOS À ENTRADA DAS MULHERES NO TRÁFICO DE DROGAS: ESTUDO DE CASO DO PRESÍDIO DO MUNICÍPIO DE SANTA MARIA
Authors: Assmann Yasmine , Becker Kalinca Léia
Published: September 2019

O objetivo desse estudo é analisar fatores relacionados à decisão das mulheres de praticar o crime do tráfco de drogas. Para isso, foram analisadas informações dos questionários estruturados aplicados às mulheres condenadas em regime fechado, pelo crime de tráfco de drogas em um presídio, situado no município de Santa Maria – RS. Os resultados indicaram que fatores socioe-conômicos como renda, escolaridade e desemprego são determinantes impor-tantes para a entrada de mulheres no tráfco de drogas. A infuência de par-ceiros e familiares também ganham destaque. Os questionários revelam ainda que as mulheres criminosas também já foram vítimas de algum tipo de crime.