bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization and Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Grigas Juozas , Montoya Maria , Simkute Evelina , Buitkus Marius , Zagrabskaite Ruta , Pautienius Arnoldas , Razukevicius Dainius , Jonaitis Laimas Virginijus , Kiudelis Gediminas , Skieceviciene Jurgita , Vaiciuniene Ruta , Stankuviene Asta , Bumblyte Inga Arune , Kupcinskas Juozas , Stankevicius Arunas
Published: April 2021

Seroprevalence rates and molecular characterization of hepatitis E virus (HEV) prevalent in the Lithuanian human population has not yet been evaluated. Immunosuppressed individuals have been recognized as a risk group for chronic hepatitis due to HEV genotype 3 (HEV-3) infections. The objectives of the present study were to determine prevalence rates of anti-HEV antibodies among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, to isolate and characterize HEV strain present in the Lithuanian human population, and to investigate its capacity to infect non-human primate (MARC-145 and Vero), swine (PK-15) and murine (Neuro-2a) cells in vitro. In the present study, the significant difference of anti-HEV IgG prevalence between healthy (3.0% (95% CI 0–6.3)) and immunosuppressed individuals (12.0% [95% CI 8.1–15.9]) was described. Moreover, our findings showed that anti-HEV IgG seropositivity can be significantly predicted by increasing age (OR = 1.032, p < 0.01), diagnosis of IBD (OR = 4.541, p < 0.01) and reception of SOT (OR = 4.042, <0.05). Locally isolated HEV strain clustered within genotype 3i subtype of genotype 3 and was capable of infecting MARC-145 cells. This study demonstrates higher HEV seroprevalence in the risk group compared to healthy control individuals without confidence interval overlap. The high level of genetic homology between human and animal strains in Lithuania and the capacity of locally isolated strains to infect cells of non-human origin suggests its potential for zoonotic transmission.
Intention to Get COVID-19 Vaccinations among Ophthalmology Residents in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Konopińska Joanna , Obuchowska Iwona , Lisowski Łukasz , Dub Natalia , Kozera Milena , Rękas Marek
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination among ophthalmology residents in Poland. An online, self-administered, anonymous survey was distributed among Polish ophthalmology residents in early 2021. Of 126 residents who completed the survey, 71.4% indicated that they would get vaccinated, 17.5% were unsure, and 11.1% would refuse vaccination. Married respondents with children (p = 0.036) and respondents living with their families (p = 0.310) were more likely to accept vaccination, believing that the vaccine is effective (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively), and fearing for themselves (p = 0.031 and p = 0.023, respectively) or their families (p = 0.032 and 0.055, respectively) getting infected. Respondents who contracted COVID-19 often reported the expected relief in sanitization (p = 0.011) as their reason for vaccination, and the previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (p = 0.050) as their reason for not vaccinating. Unmarried residents and residents living alone often declared that they were waiting for the effectiveness and long-term complications of the vaccine to be assessed (p = 0.005, both). Residents living with their families were significantly less likely to report COVID-19 as the reason for refusing vaccination (p = 0.022). In conclusion, most ophthalmology residents expressed a willingness to get vaccinated. Marital status and cohabitants affect vaccination acceptance. People with COVID-19 have different reasons for accepting or refusing vaccination. Medical authorities should persuade citizens more to vaccinate.
Implications of Birth-Dose Vaccination against Hepatitis B Virus in Southeast Asia
Authors: Akbar Sheikh Mohammad Fazle , Al Mahtab Mamun , Begum Ferdousi , Hossain Shaikh A. Shahed , Sarker Sukumar , Shrestha Ananta , Khan Md. Sakirul Islam , Yoshida Osamu , Hiasa Yoichi
Published: April 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia Regional Office (SEARO) covers 11 countries with a combined population of about 2 billion people, making it the most populous of the six WHO regions. In 1992, the WHO advocated including the hepatitis B vaccine in the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) and vaccinating all infants and children three times within 1 year of birth (HepB3). Recently, the WHO advocate birth-dose hepatitis B vaccination (HepB-BD) as soon as possible after birth, preferably within 24 hours. In 2016, the SEARO endorsed a regional hepatitis B control goal with a target of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence of ≤1% among children aged ≥5 years by 2020. Of the 11 SEARO countries, four achieved this target on schedule. Out of these four countries, two countries (Bangladesh and Nepal) have not adopted HepB-BD in EPI program. On the other hand, the coverage of HepB3 is not satisfactory in some SEARO countries, including India which adopted HepB-BD but could not achieve the overall target of SEARO. Thus, it is a point of debate whether emphasis should be placed on proper implementation of HepB3 or whether a new agenda of HepB-BD should be incorporated in developing countries of SEARO. The article discusses strengthening and expanding the Hepatitis B vaccination program in SEARO countries with an emphasis on HepB and HepB-BD programs.
Enhancing COVID-19 Vaccines Acceptance: Results from a Survey on Vaccine Hesitancy in Northern Italy
Authors: Reno Chiara , Maietti Elisa , Fantini Maria Pia , Savoia Elena , Manzoli Lamberto , Montalti Marco , Gori Davide
Published: April 2021

In March 2021, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic still poses a threat to the global population, and is a public health challenge that needs to be overcome. Now more than ever, action is needed to tackle vaccine hesitancy, especially in light of the availability of effective and safe vaccines. A cross-sectional online survey was carried out on a representative random sample of 1011 citizens from the Emilia-Romagna region, in Italy, in January 2021. The questionnaire collected information on socio-demographics, comorbidities, past vaccination refusal, COVID-19-related experiences, risk perception of infection, and likelihood to accept COVID-19 vaccination. Multiple logistic regression analyses and classification tree analyses were performed to identify significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy and to distinguish groups with different levels of hesitancy. Overall, 31.1% of the sample reported hesitancy. Past vaccination refusal was the key discriminating variable followed by perceived risk of infection. Other significant predictors of hesitancy were: ages between 35 and 54 years, female gender, low educational level, low income, and absence of comorbidities. The most common concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine involved safety (54%) and efficacy (27%). Studying the main determinants of vaccine hesitancy can help with targeting vaccination strategies, in order to gain widespread acceptance—a key path to ensure a rapid way out of the current pandemic emergency.
Comparative Analysis of the Productivity and Immunogenicity of an Attenuated Classical Swine Fever Vaccine (LOM) and an Attenuated Live Marker Classical Swine Fever Vaccine (Flc-LOM-BErns) from Laboratory to Pig Farm
Authors: Choe SeEun , Kim Ki-Sun , Shin Jihye , Song Sok , Park Gyu-Nam , Cha Ra Mi , Choi Sung-Hyun , Jung Byung-Il , Lee Kyung-Won , Hyun Bang-Hun , Park Bong-Kyun , An Dong-Jun
Published: April 2021

Herein, we compared the productivity of pigs inoculated with one of two classical swine fever (CSF) vaccines (low virulent of Miyagi (LOM) or Flc-LOM-BErns) plus the swine erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (SE) vaccine. The feed intake and weight increase of the pigs inoculated with Flc-LOM-BErns + SE were normal. However, the feed intake of the pigs inoculated with LOM + SE dropped sharply from four days post-vaccination (dpv). In addition, the slaughter date was an average of eight days later than that of the pigs inoculated with Flc-LOM-BErns + SE. All pigs inoculated with the Flc-LOM-BErns + SE vaccine were completely differentiated at 14 days against CSF Erns antibody and at approximately 45 days against the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) Erns antibody; the titers were maintained until slaughter. Leucopenia occurred temporarily in the LOM + SE group, but not in the Flc-LOM-BErns + SE group. Expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IFN-γ was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the LOM + SE group than in the mock (no vaccine) group. When conducting the same experiment on a breeding farm, the results were similar to those of the laboratory experiments. In conclusion, the biggest advantage of replacing the CSF LOM vaccine with the Flc-LOM-BErns vaccine is improved productivity.
Computational Analysis of the Active Control of Incompressible Airfoil Flutter Vibration Using a Piezoelectric V-Stack Actuator
Authors: Vindigni Carmelo Rosario , Orlando Calogero , Milazzo Alberto
Published: April 2021

The flutter phenomenon is a potentially destructive aeroelastic vibration studied for the design of aircraft structures as it limits the flight envelope of the aircraft. The aim of this work is to propose a heuristic design of a piezoelectric actuator-based controller for flutter vibration suppression in order to extend the allowable speed range of the structure. Based on the numerical model of a three degrees of freedom (3DOF) airfoil and taking into account the FEM model of a V-stack piezoelectric actuator, a filtered PID controller is tuned using the population decline swarm optimizer PDSO algorithm, and gain scheduling (GS) of the controller parameters is used to make the control adaptive in velocity. Numerical simulations are discussed to study the performance of the controller in the presence of external disturbances.
Assessment of Treated Wastewater Reuse in Drip Irrigation under Different Pressure Conditions
Authors: Al-Mefleh Naji K. , Talozi Samer , Abu Naser Khaled
Published: April 2021

This study aims to investigate the influence of treated wastewater (TWW) on the hydraulic performance of drip irrigation emitters. A field experiment was conducted in order to test two types of online emitters, a low pressure (LP) and a standard pressure (SP), at different working pressures (0.25 bar, 0.50 bar, and 1.00 bar) using TWW. The emitters were initially evaluated in the laboratory and the field for the discharge exponent (X), discharge coefficient (Kd), average emitter discharge (Qavg), coefficient of variation (CV), distribution uniformity (DU), the mean discharge ratio (Dra), and the main degree of clogging (DC). The main effect of the emitters on the hydraulic parameters of irrigation performance was not significant, while the operational pressure and operational time of irrigation had a significant effect. For the LP emitter, the average emitter discharge was 7.6, 7.7, and 7.8 Lh−1 at 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 bar, respectively. For the SP emitter, the average emitter discharge was 7.6, 7.8, and 7.8 Lh−1 at 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 bar, respectively. The EU values for the LP and SP emitters varied from low to moderate at 0.25 bar, as the EU values at 0.50 and 1.00 bar were considered high for both emitter types.
Advanced Graphical–Analytical Method of Pipe Tank Design Integrated with Sensitivity Analysis for Sustainable Stormwater Management in Urbanized Catchments
Authors: Szeląg Bartosz , Kiczko Adam , Musz-Pomorska Anna , Widomski Marcin , Zaburko Jacek , Łagód Grzegorz , Stránský David , Sokáč Marek
Published: April 2021

Pipe tanks represent important runoff retention elements of urban stormwater systems. They enable us to reduce and retain runoff as well as to mitigate peak flows in the network. Pipe tanks are often taken into account while designing the spatial plan of urban catchment areas. Hence, there is a need to develop a relatively quick and accurate method for pipe tank dimensioning. A graphical–analytical method of designing a pipe tank is presented in the paper. In the assumed methodology, the possibility of employing machine learning for obtaining a more precise error prediction of the proposed pipe tank design method (compared with the tank volume simulations using the storm water management model (SWMM)) are considered. Thus far, this aspect has not been discussed in the literature. In the adopted calculation methodology, sensitivity analysis constitutes an important element, enabling us to assess the influence of the input data assumed for tank design on the dimensions of the outflow devices and the length of the retention chamber.
Effects of Temperature and Glyphosate on Fatty Acid Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Lipid Peroxidation in the Gastropod Lymneae sp.
Authors: Fadhlaoui Mariem , Lavoie Isabelle
Published: April 2021

Little is known about the potential effects of glyphosate on freshwater gastropods and possible interactions between glyphosate and other stressors. A two-way factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of temperature (20 °C/25 °C) and glyphosate (0 µg/L/200 µg/L) on Lymnaea sp. After 21 days, antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)), malondialdehyde content (MDA), and fatty acid (FA) composition of Lymnaea sp. tissue were measured. Temperature had an effect on SOD activity and GPx activity. In contrast, an increase in GST activity was observed in glyphosate-exposed snails, highlighting the role of GST in the glyphosate detoxification process. Differences in temperature and glyphosate did not affect lipid peroxidation (MDA); however, we observed a trend suggesting the presence of higher MDA content in glyphosate-exposed snails at 20 °C. The FA groups were generally not strongly affected by the treatments, except for omega−9 (n-9) that was markedly lower at the higher temperature. Changes were also observed in individual FA as a response to glyphosate and/or temperature. For example, a significant decrease in 18:1n9 was observed at 25 °C. Our results showed that antioxidant capacity and FA profiles were mainly affected by temperature, while glyphosate seemed to have a lesser impact.
Coastal Modification in Relation to Sea Storm Effects: Application of 3D Remote Sensing Survey in Sanremo Marina (Liguria, NW Italy)
Authors: Ferrando Ilaria , Brandolini Pierluigi , Federici Bianca , Lucarelli Antonio , Sguerso Domenico , Morelli Danilo , Corradi Nicola
Published: April 2021

Integrated remote sensing techniques, such as photogrammetry from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), mobile laser scanners (MLS) and multibeam echosounders (MBES), are particularly effective in detecting and measuring coastal and seabed features and their modifications over time (4D analysis) induced by sea storms. In fact, these techniques allow the production of very high-resolution 3D models, with a continuum between above and below sea level. The present research is focused on the area of Portosole Marina (Sanremo, Western Liguria), affected by a severe sea storm in October 2018 and the following restoration. Two integrated 3D surveys were performed in February 2019 and in November 2019, obtaining accurate and reliable high-definition digital surface models (DSMs) in both emerged and submerged areas. The comparison between the two surveys highlighted volumetric changes in the seabed induced by the sea storm and the effects of a temporary worksite on the emerged and submerged breakwater. In particular, a total deficit of sediments of about 5000 m3 caused an average lowering of about 4 cm over the entire area, concurring with the breakwater instability. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of coastal system resilience within ongoing global climate changes, that is, increasing the intensity of extreme events in the Mediterranean area.
Diclofenac Toxicity Abatement in Wastewater with Solar Disinfection: A Study in the Rural Area of Brazil’s Central−West Region
Authors: dos Santos Nathália , Marquiza Laura , Calheiros Cristina , Cavalheri Priscila , Machado Beatriz , Cavazzana Guilherme , Filho Fernando
Published: April 2021

Domestic wastewater has been targeted for the presence of emerging contaminants such as antibiotics, of which diclofenac is one of the most frequently detected. Many studies have focused on the removal of these emerging pollutants. However, the legislation has focused on toxicity monitoring. In search of simplified solutions for rural areas, and to guarantee the safe reuse of effluent in agriculture, this study evaluated the efficiency of a decentralized solar disinfection (SODIS) system regarding the reduction of ecotoxicity, phytotoxicity, and pathogens in domestic wastewater after adding diclofenac potassium. For this purpose, the bioindicators Artemia sp., Allium cepa L. and Lactuca sativa were used, after 1, 2, and 3 h of exposure to solar radiation. After 3 h of exposure to solar radiation, toxicity was reduced and root growth inhibition was noted, which indicates low effluent toxicity after treatment by the SODIS system. It was achieved a reduction of 3 and 2 log units in the concentration of total coliforms and Escherichia coli, respectively.
Solution Selection from a Pareto Optimal Set of Multi-Objective Reservoir Operation via Clustering Operation Processes and Objective Values
Authors: Kong Yanjun , Mei Yadong , Wang Xianxun , Ben Yue
Published: April 2021

Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) are widely used to optimize multi-purpose reservoir operations. Considering that most outcomes of MOEAs are Pareto optimal sets with a large number of incomparable solutions, it is not a trivial task for decision-makers (DMs) to select a compromise solution for application purposes. Due to the increasing popularity of data-driven decision-making, we introduce a clustering-based decision-making method into the multi-objective reservoir operation optimization problem. Traditionally, solution selection has been conducted based on trade-off ranking in objective space, and solution characteristics in decision space have been ignored. In our work, reservoir operation processes were innovatively clustered into groups with unique properties in decision space, and the trade-off surfaces were analyzed via clustering in objective space. To attain a suitable performance, a new similarity measure, referred to as the Mei–Wang fluctuation similarity measure (MWFSM), was tailored to reservoir operation processes. This method describes time series in terms of both their shape and quantitative variation. Then, a compromise solution was selected via the joint use of two clustering results. A case study of the Three Gorges cascade reservoirs system under small and medium floods was investigated to verify the applicability of the proposed method. The results revealed that the MWFSM effectively distinguishes reservoir operation processes. Two more operation patterns with similar positions but different shapes were identified via MWFSM when compared with Euclidean distance and the dynamic time warping method. Furthermore, the proposed method decreased the selection range from the whole Pareto optimal set to a set containing relatively few solutions. Finally, a compromise solution was selected.
Comparison of Various Growth Curve Models in Characterizing and Predicting Water Table Change after Intensive Mine Dewatering Is Discontinued in an East Central European Karstic Area
Authors: Modrovits Kamilla , Csepregi András , Kovácsné Székely Ilona , Hatvani István , Kovács József
Published: April 2021

The modeling of karst water level fluctuations is a crucial task in the water resource management of vulnerable karstic areas. In the Transdanubian Range (East Central Europe, Hungary), from 1950 to 1990, coal and bauxite mining were carried out, with large amounts of karst water being extracted, thus lowering the water table by amounts ranging between 10 and 100 m. Since the cessation of mining activities in the early 1990s, the volume of natural recharge has exceeded the amount of dewatering, and the system has begun to return to its original undisturbed state. This apparently welcome development does, however, bring economic and technical engineering problems. The estimation and prediction of such water level changes is often tackled via the use of deterministic approaches, however, in the present case, it is also addressed with an alternative approach using trend estimation to monthly water level data from 107 karst water wells over the period 1990–2017. To approximate the change in karst water levels, (i) growth curve models were fitted to the monthly data, allowing the estimation of karst water levels, at least as far as 2030. Similarly, this was also done with (ii) deterministic modelling in order to describe the recovery process up to 2030. Specifically, measured and predicted values for karst water level were used to derive interpolated (kriged) maps to compare the forecasting power of the two approaches. Comparing the results of the trend analysis with those of the traditional deterministic modelling results, it is apparent that the two approaches predict similar spatial distribution of water levels, but slightly different future water level values.
Photocatalytic ZnO-Assisted Degradation of Spiramycin in Urban Wastewater: Degradation Kinetics and Toxicity
Authors: Vignati Davide , Lofrano Giusy , Libralato Giovanni , Guida Marco , Siciliano Antonietta , Carraturo Federica , Carotenuto Maurizio
Published: April 2021

The removal of contaminants of emerging concern from urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) remains a challenge to promote safe wastewater reuse practices. Macrolides are the most abundant antibiotics detected in untreated wastewater and their concentration in WWTPs effluents is only partially reduced by conventional treatments. Among several advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), photocatalysis has demonstrated the capability to effectively remove pharmaceuticals from different aqueous matrices. Recently, ZnO has emerged as an efficient, promising, and less expensive alternative to TiO2, due to its photocatalytic capability and attitude to exploit better the solar spectrum than TiO2. In this study, the behaviors of ZnO photocatalysis were evaluated using a representative macrolide antibiotic, spiramycin (SPY), in aqueous solutions and urban wastewater. After 80 min of photocatalysis, 95–99% removal of SPY was achieved at 1 g L−1 ZnO concentrations in aqueous solutions and wastewater, respectively. After treatment, the effluent toxicity, evaluated using the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri, the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata, and the crustacean Daphnia magna ranged between slight acute and high acute hazard. Filterable and ultrafilterable Zn concentrations were quantified in treated effluents and shown to be high enough to contribute to the observed toxicity.
Water Distribution from Artificial Recharge via Infiltration Basin under Constant Head Conditions
Authors: Qi Tiansong , Shu Longcang , Li Hu , Wang Xiaobo , Men Yanqing , Opoku Portia Annabelle
Published: April 2021

The vadose zone plays a significant role during artificial recharge via the infiltration basin. Its thickness, lithology, heterogeneity, among others greatly affect the recharge efficiency. The main objective of this research is to establish the role of the vadose zone and the impacts of infiltration basin features and vadose zone factors on water distributions. In this work, an ideal conceptual model was considered, and mathematical models were built using HYDRUS (2D/3D) software package version 2.05. A total of 138 numerical experiments were implemented under seven types of experimental conditions. The experimental data were analyzed with the aid of correlation and regression analysis. The results showed that infiltration basin features and vadose zone factors had various impacts on water distribution, low permeability formation had various effects on evaporation depending on its depth, and there were consistent, similar, or different variation trends between infiltration and recharge. In conclusion, it is recommended that when the vadose zones are to be chosen as an infiltration basin site, the trade-off among the infiltration, recharge, storage, and evaporation should be seriously considered. This paper may contribute to a better understanding of the vadose zone as a buffer zone for artificial recharge.
Feasibility Study of Tetracycline Removal by Ozonation Equipped with an Ultrafine-Bubble Compressor
Authors: Wang Chikang , Lin Chien-Yu , Liao Guan-Yun
Published: April 2021

In this study, a combination of an ozone gas producer and an ultrafine-bubble compressor was used to degrade tetracycline, which is a well-known antibiotic and medicine commonly used in human and animal care, and effects of varying the reaction parameters were studied. Experiments indicate that each gram of introducing ozone can degrade 2.72 g of tetracycline at pH 3 and 1.48 g at pH 11. However, basic conditions contribute to increased mineralization of tetracycline because of the ·OH radical oxidation mechanism. Higher reaction temperatures and higher ozone dosages enhance the reactivity between the ozone molecules, ·OH radicals, and tetracycline, resulting in a decline in the toxicity of the tetracycline solution as measured by cell viability. The mineralization of organic compounds is the key to decreasing the toxicity of the solution. Ultrafine-bubble ozonation can provide homogeneity of gas bubbles in solution hence it not only reduces the requirement of ozone and thus the operational cost of the reaction, but also extends the efficacy of the method to the treatment of solutions with high tetracycline concentrations.
Comparative Anaerobic Decolorization of Azo Dyes by Carbon-Based Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Amin Mohammad Shaiful Alam , Stüber Frank , Giralt Jaume , Fortuny Agustin , Fabregat Azael , Font José
Published: April 2021

This study used a novel integrated technology of ceramic supported carbon membrane (CSCM) to degrade azo dyes through an anaerobic mixed culture. The CSCM worked simultaneously as biofilm support, redox mediator, and nano-filter to enhance the dye decolorization efficiency. The decolorization of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) was initially investigated with and without microorganisms in both ceramic support (CS) and CSCM reactors. The CSCM bioreactor (B-CSCM), operated with microorganisms, gave a maximum decolorization of 98% using a CSCM evolved from 10% weight (wt.) of Matrimid 5218 solution. To know the influence of permeate flow, feed concentration, and dye structure on the decolorization process, different B-CSCMs for dye removal experiments were studied over monoazo AO7, diazo Reactive Black 5 (RB5), and triazo Direct Blue 71 (DB71). The highest color removal, operated with 50 mg·L−1 feed solution and 0.05 L·m−2·h−1 of permeate flux, was 98%, 82%, and 72%, respectively, for AO7, RB5, and DB71. By increasing these parameters to 100 mg·L−1 and 0.1 L·m−2·h−1, the decolorization rate of dye solution still achieved 37% for AO7, 30% for RB5, and 26% for DB71. In addition, the system was run for weeks without apparent loss of activity. These findings make evident that the combined phenomena taking place in CSCM bioreactor result in an efficient, cost-effective, and ecofriendly azo dye decolorization method.
Application of 2H and 18O Isotopes for Tracing Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Contamination of Groundwater: Two Italian Case Histories
Authors: Andrei Francesca , Barbieri Maurizio , Sappa Giuseppe
Published: April 2021

Groundwater contamination due to municipal solid waste landfills leachate is a serious environmental threat. During recent years, the use of stable isotopes as environmental tracers to identify groundwater contamination phenomena has found application to environmental engineering. Deuterium (2H) and oxygen (18O) isotopes have successfully used to identify groundwater contamination phenomena if submitted to interactions with municipal solid waste landfills leachate, with a significant organic amount. The paper shows two case studies, in central and southern Italy, where potential contamination phenomenon of groundwater under municipal solid waste landfills occurred. In both cases, isotope compositions referred to 2H and 18O highlight a δ2H enrichment for some groundwater samples taken in wells, located near leachate storage wells. The δ2H enrichment is probably caused by methanogenesis phenomena, during which the bacteria use preferentially the hydrogen “lighter” isotope (1H), and the remaining enriched the “heavier” isotope (2H). The study of the isotope composition variation, combined with the spatial trend of some analytes (Fe, Mn, Ni) concentrations, allowed to identify interaction phenomena between the municipal solid waste landfills leachate and groundwater in both case histories. Therefore, these results confirm the effectiveness of 2H isotopes application as environmental tracer of groundwater contamination phenomena due to mixing with municipal solid waste landfills leachate.
Leveraging User Preferences to Develop Profitable Business Models for Electric Vehicle Charging
Authors: Röckle Felix , Schulz Thimo
Published: April 2021

To design profitable business models for electric vehicle (EV) charging it is necessary to understand user preferences. For this purpose, prior literature is analyzed to develop a conceptual framework linking a company’s assets, the surrounding value network, and user preferences. Then, survey insights from two EV charging projects (ultra-E, SLAM) are summarized to illustrate user preferences in this area. Based on this data, the framework is eventually visualized by applying it to four case studies from the EV charging market. Based on the case studies, the following six key findings are derived: 1. Companies that have a very strong position in one of the three resource classes that define the quality-of-service provision (physical assets, digital assets, brand image) demand a higher price for fast charging. 2. Utility companies leverage their existing customer base. 3. New to the industry firms leverage their brand image to enter the market. 4. Selling below cost is not sustainable. 5. Sharp price distinctions reflect the power balance within the value network. 6. Power plays may result in a fragmented market.
MASTER CLASS APPLICATION OF A COMPLEX OF APPROPRIATE PHARMACEUTICAL PRACTICES IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE MASTERS OF PHARMACY
Authors: VOSKOBOYNIKOVA G. , DOVZHUK V. , KONOVALOVA L.
Published: April 2021

The article reveals the theoretical justification and methodological principles of designing a master class on the application of a set of good pharmaceutical practices in the training of future masters of pharmacy in higher education. It is determined that the practical implementation of the theoretically grounded principles of promoting the development of higher pharmaceutical education and the formation of professional competence of future masters of pharmacy in Ukraine based on the results of systematic analysis in the context of European integration of educational processes. the process of training future masters of pharmacy at universities in Central and Eastern Europe and in Ukraine. The design of integrated implementation in the educational process of professional training of future masters in the specialty 226 - Pharmacy, the use of interactive method and case-studi technology to assess the quality of the master class.

To provide pharmaceutical care based on evidence-based medicine and pharmacy on the basis of GPP implementation, it is necessary to comprehensively apply the methods of pharmacoeconomic analysis. An algorithm for the phased implementation of pharmacoeconomic analysis based on the integrated application of methods has been developed.

 It is established that the Guidelines on Good Practices in Pharmacy in Regulated Markets are used at all stages of the circulation of medicines. At the stage of drug development, their safety and dose-dependence of efficacy on the basis of integrated implementation of GMP and GLP are studied.

At the stage of substantiation of the design of research in the process of clinical trials of therapeutic efficacy and safety, the regulatory document is a guideline with GLP.

To assess the quality of the proposed solution of situational problems using the interactive method and case-study technology, the software package "Case of professional readiness of masters of pharmacy to implement professional competencies of pharmacoeconomic justification of rational pharmacotherapy and support of pharmaceutical care."
APPLICATION OF MODERN PHYSICAL AND HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES IN TRAINING OF PHYSICAL CULTURAL TEACHERS
Authors: SOGOKON O. , DONETS A.
Published: April 2021

The legal result of finding effective ways to solve problems in the field of training competitive teachers of physical culture is the introduction and effective use of modern physical and fitness technologies. A wide choice of their means will allow not only to upgrade the content of physical education, to motivate young people to lead a healthy lifestyle, but also to reduce the additional financial burden of educational institutions, since most technologies do not require expensive equipment and equipment. Modern health-improving technologies have become a natural result of the search for effective ways that would allow the complex use of modern types of health-improving technologies in the process of health-improving classes with students, depending on age characteristics, physical fitness, gender differences in the formation of motivational priorities the development of positive motivation for physical education, formed the basis for independent health activities and the desire for a healthy lifestyle.
PROCEDURAL COMPONENT OF READYNESS OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF MUSIC ART FOR CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL WORK IN EXTRACURRICULAR INSTITUTIONS
Authors: SOKOLOV D.
Published: April 2021

The article, based on the analysis of theoretical literature, characterizes the procedural component of the readiness of future music teachers for cultural and educational work in out-of-school education institutions. It was found that the procedural component of the readiness of future music teachers for cultural and educational work in out-of-school education reflects the system of professional performing, artistic and creative skills that students need to carry out effective professional activities, as well as the ability to organize and implement future professional activity of cultural and educational work in the cultural and educational environment of the out-of-school education institution.

This system contains the following skills and abilities: didactic-methodical, organizational-managerial, musical-performing, research-design and information-educational.
PROJECT ACTIVITIES OF STUDENTS AND CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING RESULTS
Authors: TIMCHENKO G. , NEUSTROIEVA G. , PONOMARENKO N.
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the issues of organizing students' project work as some modern approach that allows integrating theoretical knowledge and practical skills required for working in modern conditions. Being one of the forms of organizing the educational process, the project activity contributes to improving the quality of education, democratization of the communication style between teachers and students. The purpose of the project activity is to create conditions for the formation of research skills of the students, the development of their creativity and logical thinking. In the presented work practical recommendations for the teachers who want to use projects in their courses are provided.

A system of criteria according to which the student project will be evaluated has been developed. Criteria can be used as instructions that show what needs to be done to achieve the best results. The project evaluation is carried out not only at the stage of presentation and defense of the project, but also at the intermediate stages of its implementation.
SYSTEMIC PROCESSING OF COMPLEX SENTENCES IN MIDDLE SCHOOL (EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY)
Authors: SHCHUPKO S.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the experimental method of studying various types of complex sentences. An integrative role of the syntax of complex sentences is noted.  The article clarifies that the tasks faced by the teacher and the students during the systematic elaboration of complex sentences are complex and therefore there are considerable difficulties in their study. For example, when working out general information on complex sentences, we use various types of work on the development of coherent speech: the selection of conjunctions or connecting words, the replacement of certain means of communication by other, synonymous, the formation of a complex sentence of two simple, the division of complex sentences into simple, change the location of parts, etc.

However, all these types of exercises are conducted, in the majority of cases, orally, entirely subject to systematic study of theoretical material, since the main task of the first lessons is the formation of concepts that students will operate by analyzing individual types of complex sentences with one or more subcontractors.
Estimating pesticides in public drinking water at the household level in Denmark
Authors: Voutchkova Denitza D. , Schullehner Jörg , Skaarup Carina , Wodschow Kirstine , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Hansen Birgitte
Published: April 2021

Pesticide pollution has raised public concern in Denmark due to potential negative health impacts and frequent findings of new substances after a recent expansion of the groundwater monitoring programme. Danish drinking water comes entirely from groundwater. Both the raw groundwater and the treated drinking water are regularly monitored, and the chemical analyses are reported to a publicly available national database (Jupiter). Based on these data, in this study we (1) provide a status of pesticide content in drinking water supplied by public waterworks in Denmark and (2) assess the proportion of Danish households exposed to pesticides from drinking water. ‘Pesticides’ here refers also to their metabolites, degradation and reaction products. The cleaned dataset represents 3004 public waterworks distributed throughout the country and includes 39 798 samples of treated drinking water analysed for 449 pesticides (971 723 analyses total) for the period 2002–2019. Of all these chemical analyses, 0.5% (n = 4925) contained a quantified pesticide (>0.03 μg/l). Pesticides were found at least once in the treated drinking water at 29% of all sampled public waterworks for the period 2002–2019 and at 21% of the waterworks for the recent period 2015–2019. We estimate that 56% of all Danish households were potentially exposed at least once to pesticides in drinking water at concentrations of 0.03–4.00 μg/l between 2002 and 2019. However, in 2015–2019, the proportion of the Danish households exposed to pesticides (0.03–4.00 μg/l) was 41%. The proportion of Danish households potentially exposed at least once to pesticides above the maximum allowed concentration (0.1 μg/l) according to the EU Drinking Water Directive (and the Danish drinking water standard) was 19% for 2002–2019 and 11% for 2015–2019. However, the maximum concentrations were lower than the World Health Organization’s compound-specific guidelines. Lastly, we explore data complexity and discuss the limitations imposed by data heterogeneity to facilitate future epidemiological studies.
Passion to Profession: A review of Passion fruit Processing
Authors: Biswas Sristhi , Mishra Ritesh , Bist Ankur Singh
Published: April 2021

Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) is a nutritious tropical fruit belongs to the family Passifloraceae. The purple passion fruit is local from southern Brazil through Paraguay to northern Argentina. India, for a long time, has appreciated a moderate collect of purple  passion fruit in the Nilgiris in the south and in various parts of northern India. The Passion fruit has good amount of antioxidants, flavanoids, anti- inflammatory, anti- bacterial, anti- fungal and anti- ageing properties. This fruit has huge economical importance as all the parts of this fruit (seed, peel, flower, pulp) are rich in medicinal and therapeutic properties. The fruit is a fantastic wellspring of dietary fiber, nutrient, Vitamin C and Vitamin A. Being a decent laxative, it likewise secures the colon mucosa by diminishing openness time to harmful substances in the colon and clearing off the malignant growth causing poisonous substances from the colon. Passion fruit has several medical advantages and hence require diverse processing and preservation methods. Here we are going to review portion of these methods.
Bakırın Tilapia’nın (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) Kas Dokusunda Birikimi ve İyon Düzeyleri Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: ÇOĞUN Hikmet Yeter , KARGIN Ferit
Published: April 2021

Çalışmamızda bakırın farklı ortam derişimlerinde (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 ve 5.0 mg/L) Oreochromis niloticus'un kas dokusunda bakır ve iyon parametrelerinin düzeyleri (Na+, K+, Ca++ ve Mg++) 10, 20 ve 30 günlük sürelerle araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla balık kas dokusundaki bakır iyon düzeyleri Atomik Absorbsiyon Spektrometrik (AAS) yöntemle belirlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada O. niloticus kas dokusunda bakır birikimi tüm ortam derişimlerinde ve etkide kalma süresinin uzamasıyla arttığı saptanmıştır. O. niloticus kas dokusunda bakır etkisinde iyon düzeyleri incelendiğinde, denenen ortam derişimlerinde ve sürelerinde sodyum düzeyinde herhangi bir değişim olmazken, magnezyum düzeyinde bir artışa, potasyum ve kalsiyum düzeylerinde ise bir azalmaya neden olmuştur.
Sistem pemantauan tetesan cairan infus berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Hendrawati Trisiani Dewi , Ruswandi Rafi Aditya
Published: April 2021

Pemantauan cairan infus adalah sebuah metode untuk mengetahui laju cairan infus dengan menggunakan indikator tetesan cairan pada sistem infus tersebut. Sistem ini dapat membantu pasien dan perawat dalam penggantian cairan infus secara berkala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemantauan tetesan cairan infus secara otomatis berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) sehingga dapat mencegah kehabisan cairan infus atau tidak terkontrol oleh perawat. Perancangan sistem monitoring ini yaitu menggunakan sensor infrared, modul mikrokontroler Arduino, dan data dikirim melalui radio frekuensi. Hasil pengujian menunjukan jarak maksimal antara base-hotspot yaitu 3,5 meter. Sistem monitoring ini akan menampilkan data berupa tetesan cairan dengan status ON dan OFF secara realtime dengan rata-rata delay 2 detik.
Rancang bangun penjejak posisi matahari menggunakan kamera dan single board computer
Authors: Wahab Faisal
Published: April 2021

Energi matahari adalah sumber energi terbesar yang ada di muka bumi ini. Panel surya merupakan sebuah peranti elektronik yang dapat memanfaatkan energi dari sinar matahari untuk dikonversi menjadi energi listrik. Semakin besar permukaan panel surya tersinari cahaya matahari, maka energi listrik yang dihasilkan lebih besar. Makalah ini memaparkan rancang bangun penjejak matahari menggunakan kamera sebagai pendeteksi posisi matahari dengan modul Raspberry pi sebagai kendali untuk pengolahan citra. Pergerakan penjejak posisi matahari ini menggunakan dua aksis, yaitu pitch dan roll. Aktuator yang digunakan untuk mengikuti posisi matahari adalah dua buah motor DC dengan jenis linier aktuator. Hasil dari pengujian menunjukan bahwa kamera dapat mendeteksi titik cahaya menggunakan pengolahan citra pada modul Raspberry pi. Kemudian rangka penjejak sinar matahari berhasil menuju posisi yang diinginkan yaitu pada titik tengah kamera dengan menggerakan dua buah linier aktuator melalui driver motor.
El derecho humano a la paz: la evolución del derecho humano a la paz en los organismos internacionales
Authors:   , Cely Fabián
Published: April 2021

El objeto de este trabajo es la descripción y estudio del derecho a la paz como derecho humano. Hoy en día no hay un instrumento internacional jurídicamente vinculante que proclame el derecho humano a la paz y tipifique sus violaciones. La investigación nace de la necesidad de determinar jurídicamente el derecho humano a la paz, y definir la relación de este derecho con los demás derechos humanos legalmente reconocidos y jurídicamente exigibles. La dificultad de materializar el derecho humano a la paz. La ausencia de consenso para promulgar el derecho humano a la paz en un instrumento convencional.
‘CTIntegration’: A Conceptual Framework Guiding Design and Analysis of Integration of Computing and Computational Thinking Into School Subjects
Authors: Grover Shuchi
Published: April 2021

A growing number of researchers and educators are working on integrating computing and computational thinking (CT) into various K-12 subjects. This conceptual paper motivates the need for and presents a comprehensive framework (CTIntegration) to guide educators and researchers aiming to design for integration. The paper elaborates on the interconnected elements of domain, computing and CT we well as pedagogy, that must be attended to. It also demonstrates the use of the framework as an analytic tool to examine three case studies of recent CT integration efforts.
Nanoemulsiones para la fortificación de alimentos
Authors: Arancibia Carla
Published: April 2021

Actualmente, debido a cambios en los hábitos alimentarios de la población mundial existe déficit en algunos micronutrientes y otros compuestos lipídicos esenciales y/o beneficiosos para la salud humana. Una forma de prevenir esta problemática es la fortificación de alimentos con estos compuestos bioactivos; sin embargo, muchos de estos tienen baja solubilidad en agua y/o son inestables durante el proceso digestivo. De esta manera, los sistemas coloidales de entrega (delivery systems) proporcionan una protección a los compuestos bioactivos durante la digestión y mejoran su bioaccesibilidad, donde las nanoemulsiones son una gran alternativa ya que pueden mejorar la liberación, solubilización y absorción de estos compuestos durante el proceso digestivo. En esta revisión, nos centramos en el uso de las nanoemulsiones como método de vehiculización de diferentes compuestos bioactivos lipídicos como vitaminas, ácidos grasos libres y antioxidantes para la fortificación de alimentos. Las investigaciones recopiladas evidenciaron que la incorporación de diversos compuestos bioactivos en nanoemulsiones aumenta su bioaccesibilidad, siendo estos sistemas una buena alternativa para la fortificación de alimentos.
Producción científica de aprendizaje invertido y aula invertida en Web of Science
Authors: López-Belmonte Jesús , Moreno-Guerrero Antonio-José , López-Núñez Juan-Antonio , Pozo-Sánchez Santiago
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de este estudio es conocer la producción científica de los términos aprendizaje invertido y aula invertida en la literatura especializada, determinando su evolución conceptual, los temas más relevantes y los autores más prolíficos. Se realizó un estudio bibliométrico apoyado en un análisis estructural y dinámico de co-palabras. Ambos términos fueron analizados en la Web of Science, reportando 2.968 documentos y observando una producción mucho mayor en el aula invertida. Aunque ambas terminologías se utilizan a menudo indistintamente, en la comunidad científica se diferencian, observando diferentes tendencias y campos de estudio según el concepto. Los resultados pueden promover la búsqueda de un consenso terminológico que delimite claramente el alcance de cada concepto.