bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiografía del Riesgo Sistémico en los bancos chilenos
Authors: Silva Buston Consuelo
Published: February 2020

El riesgo sistémico es la amenaza de que la quiebra de un banco se propague al resto del sistema financiero provocando la caída de otros bancos. En esta columna queremos entender más profundamente este riesgo en el contexto del sistema financiero chileno. Continuar leyendo...
Gestión de la Inversión Pública en Salud a la UTI
Authors: García Carlos J. , López Felipe
Published: February 2020

El uso de concesiones es una de las grandes políticas subsidiarias que los gobiernos  de la concertación diseñaron para ofrecer ciertos bienes públicos como el transporte, carreteras, cárceles, puertos, aeropuertos y construcción de hospitales. Esta política consiste en que los privados se encargan de la inversión y el mantenimiento de dichos bienes por un determinado período de tiempo, a cambio de subsidios del Estado o pagos directos de los consumidores, como ocurre en el caso de las carreteras. Continuar leyendo...
¿Necesitamos una política de educación financiera?
Authors: López Fernando
Published: February 2020

El 15 de agosto de 2015, un grupo de parlamentarios ingresó al Congreso un proyecto de ley que propone introducir educación financiera obligatoria en los programas de estudios de los alumnos de educación primaria y secundaria. Específicamente, el proyecto establece que “los establecimientos educacionales reconocidos por el Estado deberán incorporar en sus mallas curriculares, y en todas las etapas del proceso educativo, contenidos o módulos de educación financiera, con especial consideración en promover el ahorro y la disciplina en el manejo de los recursos económicos”. Continuar leyendo...
LncRNAAK036396Inhibits Maturation and Accelerates Immunosuppression of Polymorphonuclear Myeloid–Derived Suppressor Cells by Enhancing the Stability of Ficolin B
Authors: Tian Xinyu , Zheng Yu , Yin Kai , Ma Jie , Tian Jie , Zhang Yue , Mao Lingxiang , Xu Huaxi , Wang Shengjun
Published: February 2020

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are emerging as crucial regulators of cell biology. However, the role of lncRNAs in the development and function of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) remains unclear. Here, we identified that the lncRNA F730016J06Rik (AK036396) was highly expressed in PMN-MDSCs and that lncRNA AK036396 knockdown promoted the maturation and decreased the suppressive function of PMN-MDSCs. Ficolin B (Fcnb), the expression of which could be assessed as a surrogate for PMN-MDSC development, was the predicted target gene of lncRNA AK036396 based on microarray results. LncRNA AK036396 knockdown attenuated Fcnb protein stability in a manner dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Moreover, Fcnb inhibition downregulated the suppressive function of PMN-MDSCs. In addition, the expression of human M-ficolin, which is an ortholog of mouse Fcnb, was increased and positively correlated with arginase1 (ARG1) expression. This suppressive molecule is released by MDSCs, and its production is commonly used to represent the suppressive activity of MDSCs in patients with lung cancer, suggesting clinical relevance for these findings. These results indicate that lncRNA AK036396 can inhibit maturation and accelerate immunosuppression of PMN-MDSCs by enhancing Fcnb protein stability.
Essential Image Acquisition Protocols for Thoracic Ultrasonography
Authors: Toma Tudor P. , Volpicelli Giovanni
Published: February 2020

Image acquisition is the technique of correct placement, holding, and manipulation of the ultrasound probe in an ultrasound examination for the purpose of answering a specific clinical question. We review the literature and discuss the image acquisition protocols used for thoracic ultrasound, explaining, where possible, the associated advantages, disadvantages, and alternatives. A better understanding of how to fine-tune image acquisition specifically for thoracic ultrasound will help physicians on all levels to standardise their practice and improve networking and collaboration. It will also lead to better-quality investigations and, potentially, new applications.
Impact of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with or without a Combination of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Organ-Specific Efficacy and Macrovascular Invasion in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kuo Hsin-Yu , Chiang Nai-Jung , Chuang Chiao-Hsiung , Chen Chiung-Yu , Wu I-Chin , Chang Ting-Tsung , Tsai Hong-Ming , Lin Yih-Jyh
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The tumor microenvironments of different organs often differ and thus may affect the immunotherapy response. Objective: This study elucidated that the efficacy of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors varies across different metastatic sites among individuals with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed treatment outcomes in advanced HCC patients receiving PD-1 inhibitors with or without a combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Both the overall response rate (ORR) and organ-specific response rate (OSRR) were assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 criteria. A survival analysis and its predictors were determined using a multivariate analysis. Results: We analyzed 42 advanced HCC patients (median age: 58.0 years; 78.6% males). Thirty (71.4%) patients were sorafenib-experienced and 27 (64.3%) were administered a combination of TKIs. The ORR was 14.3% and the disease control rate was 33.3%. The median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 12.0 and 2.9 months, respectively. The OSRRs were 14.7, 23.8, 28.6, and 50.0% for the liver, lungs, lymph nodes, and vascular response, respectively. The multivariate analysis indicated that the vascular response was significantly associated with PFS. ECOG performance status was a significant independent predictor of OS. Conclusions: PD-1 inhibitors improved OS and PFS in advanced HCC patients. Their efficacies varied among the metastatic locations regardless of the combination of TKIs; in particular, a higher response in vascular metastases was correlated with a longer PFS. PD-1 inhibitors may deliver a synergistic benefit in patients undergoing traditional therapy and progression in other organs in vascular responders.
High-Phosphate Diet Improved the Skeletal Development of Fam20c-Deficient Mice
Authors: Zhang Hua , Li Lili , Kesterke Matthew J. , Lu Yongbo , Qin Chunlin
Published: February 2020

FAM20C (family with sequence similarity 20 – member C) is a protein kinase that phosphorylates secretory proteins, including the proteins that are essential to the formation and mineralization of calcified tissues. Previously, we reported that inactivation of Fam20c in mice led to hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia along with increased circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels and dental defects. In this study, we examined whether a high-phosphate (hPi) diet could rescue the skeletal defects in Fam20c-deficient mice. Fam20c conditional knockout (cKO) mice were generated by crossing female Fam20c-floxed mice (Fam20cfl/fl) with male Sox2-Cre;Fam20cfl/+ mice. The pregnant female Fam20cfi/fl mice were fed either a normal or hPi diet until the litters were weaned. The cKO and control offspring were continuously given a normal or hPi diet for 4 weeks after weaning. Plain X-ray radiography, micro-CT, histology, immunohistochemistry (FGF23, DMP1, OPN, and SOX9), and in situ hybridization (type II and type X collagen) analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of an hPi diet on the mouse skeleton. Plain X-ray radiography and micro-CT radiography analyses showed that the hPi diet improved the shape and mineral density of the Fam20c-deficient femurs/tibiae, and rescued the growth plate defects in the long bone. Histology analyses further demonstrated that an hPi diet nearly completely rescued the growth plate-widening defects in the long bone and restored the expanded hypertrophic zone to nearly normal width. These results suggested that the hPi diet significantly improved the skeletal development of the Fam20c-deficient mice, implying that hypophosphatemia partially contributed to the skeletal defects in Fam20c-deficient subjects.
With Bare Feet in the Soil: Podoconiosis, a Neglected Cause of Tropical Lymphoedema
Authors: Chandler David J. , Grijsen Marlous L. , Fuller Lucinda C.
Published: February 2020

Podoconiosis is a form of lymphoedema that occurs in tropical highland areas in genetically susceptible individuals who are exposed to irritant volcanic soils. The disease is preventable through consistent use of footwear and attention to foot hygiene; however, in endemic areas there is a strong barefoot tradition, and many cannot afford shoes. Patients with podoconiosis face significant physical disability, psychological comorbidity, reduced quality of life and experience frequent episodes of systemic illness due to acute dermatolymphangioadenitis. This review provides an overview of this important and neglected tropical skin disease and summarizes the latest research findings.
Angiosperm diversity in Bhadrak region of Odisha, India
Authors: Panda Taranisen , Pradhan Bikram Kumar , Mishra Rabindra Kumar , Rout Srusti Dhar , Mohanty Raj Ballav
Published: February 2020

We present the information about angiosperm species in Bhadrak District of Odisha, India. In so doing, we assess the state of floristic knowledge across ecoregions of the district and pinpoint our understanding of the district flora. This study is first of its kind conducted in the district showing current status of the angiosperm diversity. A total of 383 species (262 native species and 121 non-native species) belonging to 282 genera under 93 families are recorded as per APG III classification. These taxa are distributed in 12 superorders and 39 orders; 26.7% of the native species were reported from the superorder Fabids, 20.6% from superorder Malvids, 19.8% from superorder Lamids and 15.6% from superorder Commelinids. One hundred and twenty one non-native species were represented in 12 superorders. Native species of the order Fabales (35), Poales and Lamiales (27) each, Malphigiales (18), Malvales (14), Gentianales (13), Carylophyllales and Solanales (12) each and Myrtales and Sapindales (11) each, account for about 68.7% of the species in the district. Eighty one non-native species belong to these orders. The analysis of the plant species based on growth habits showed highest proportion of herbs followed by trees, shrubs and climbers.  Some of the reported species are used for the treatment of various ailments and also for edible purposes. Plant species diversity, distribution and population structure provide baseline information for conservation and sustainable management of available resources.
Occurrence and association of the Scarce Lilacfork Lethe dura gammiei (Moore, [1892]) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with Woolly-leaved Oak Quercus lanata Smith, 1819 (Fabaceae) forest in the Kumaon region of the Indian Himalaya
Authors: Singh Arun P. , Singh Tribhuwan
Published: February 2020

The current findings are the first site specific records of L.d.gammiei  Moore,1892 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the Kumaon  region of the Himalaya and its unique association with Woolly-leaved Oak, Q.lanata Smith, 1819 over there.
What Weights Work for You? Adapting Weights for Any Pareto Front Shape in Decomposition-Based Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimisation
Authors: Li Miqing , Yao Xin
Published: February 2020

The quality of solution sets generated by decomposition-based evolutionary multi-objective optimisation (EMO) algorithms depends heavily on the consistency between a given problem's Pareto front shape and the specified weights' distribution. A set of weights distributed uniformly in a simplex often leads to a set of well-distributed solutions on a Pareto front with a simplex-like shape, but may fail on other Pareto front shapes. It is an open problem on how to specify a set of appropriate weights without the information of the problem's Pareto front beforehand. In this article, we propose an approach to adapt weights during the evolutionary process (called AdaW). AdaW progressively seeks a suitable distribution of weights for the given problem by elaborating several key parts in weight adaptation—weight generation, weight addition, weight deletion, and weight update frequency. Experimental results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed approach. AdaW works well for Pareto fronts with very different shapes: 1) the simplex-like, 2) the inverted simplex-like, 3) the highly nonlinear, 4) the disconnect, 5) the degenerate, 6) the scaled, and 7) the high-dimensional.
Professor Qi-Bin Lin and palaeoentomology of China
Authors: HUANG DIYING , ZHANG HAICHUN , CAI CHENYANG
Published: February 2020

Professor Qi-Bin Lin (Figs 1, 2) was born on February 15th, 1935 (same birthday as the first author, Di-Ying Huang) in Putian, Fujian Province, southeastern China. He graduated from the Department of Biology of Nanjing University in 1959 and has been working at the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGPAS) since then. In his early career, he did research on Permian brachiopods with Prof. Yu Wang. Although there were sporadic studies on insect fossils in China before China’s Liberation, palaeoentomology was still a blank in China at that time and there was a lack of professional researchers. That was the reason why the institute’s leader assigned him to research on insect fossils. Lin went to the Beijing Institute of Entomology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (later merged into the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) in 1961 to study entomology for one year. He studied under the supervision of the famous entomologist, Prof. Juan-Jie Tan, who was not only an excellent coleopterist, but also one of the pioneers in palaeoentomology of China.
Zhou, H. & Hou, C.L. (2019) Three new species of Diaporthe from China based on morphological characters and DNA sequence data analyses. Phytotaxa 422 (2): 157–174.

Authors: ZHOU HAO , HOU CHENG-LIN
Published: February 2020

N/A
The Post-Resurrection Appearances of Jesus as Bereavement Experiences: An Engagement with Gerald O’Collins
Authors: Smith Stephen H.
Published: February 2020

In recent years, debate has resumed regarding whether or not the post-resurrection appearances may have been hallucinations or delusions on the part of the disciples. A sub-category of this debate is the question of bereavement hallucinations. Was the disciples’ bereaved state in the wake of the crucifixion responsible for their ‘seeing’ Jesus? A few years ago, Gerald O’Collins, in this journal, argued, on the basis of a comparison between the two, that, despite a few similarities, the differences between them are too great to justify the so-called ‘hallucination hypothesis.’ The question remains problematic, however, partly because biblical scholars do not take the contributions of professional psychologists and psychiatrists seriously enough. In the present article I examine O’Collins’s arguments, reaching a different, though undogmatic conclusion from his own.
Darwin’s Cathedral, Bowlby’s Cloister: The Use of Attachment Theory for the Studies in Medieval Religion, with the Example of The Book of Margery Kempe
Authors: Dresvina Juliana
Published: February 2020

The article considers whether religion in general can be viewed as adaptation and if medieval Catholicism in particular can be seen as a reflection of the human necessity to be emotionally attached to a primary caregiver, especially in the early stages of people’s lives. It observes that in a period of high instability and often regressive child-rearing practices, God and/or a special saint could represent a stable and adequate attachment figure, facilitating relationships which contributed to mental well-being of the devotees. The article also suggests that, due to historic circumstances, the proportion of insecure attachment was probably higher among medieval populace than among modern people, and traces the evidence of such attachment style in The Book of Margery Kempe (late 1430s), arguably the first vernacular biography in English.
Youth, Health, and Suicide
Authors: Bogle Joanna
Published: February 2020

The mental health of young people is a preoccupation across the West. Youth suicide is a rising problem. Are we exploring the reasons for this with honesty and courage? Mental health and emotional security are bound up with a sense of identity and belonging.
Differences in network centrality between high and low myopia: a voxel-level degree centrality study
Authors: Cheng Yi , Yan Li , Hu Liqun , Wu Hongyun , Huang Xin , Tian Yu , Wu Xiaorong
Published: February 2020

Background

Previous studies have linked high myopia (HM) to brain activity, and the difference between HM and low myopia (LM) can be assessed.

Purpose

To study the differences in functional networks of brain activity between HM and LM by the voxel-level degree centrality (DC) method.

Material and Methods

Twenty-eight patients with HM (10 men, 18 women), 18 patients with LM (4 men, 14 women), and 59 healthy controls (27 men, 32 women) were enrolled in this study. The voxel-level DC method was used to assess spontaneous brain activity. Correlation analysis was used to explore the change of average DC value in different brain regions, in order to analyze differences in brain activity between HM and LM.

Results

DC values of the right cerebellum anterior lobe/brainstem, right parahippocampal gyrus, and left caudate in HM patients were significantly higher than those in LM patients ( P < 0.05). In contrast, DC values of the left medial frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, and left inferior parietal lobule were significantly lower in patients with HM ( P < 0.05). However, there was no correlation between behavior and average DC values in different brain regions ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Different changes in brain regions between HM and LM may indicate differences in neural mechanisms between HM and LM. DC values could be useful as biomarkers for differences in brain activity between patients with HM and LM. This study provides a new method to assess differences in functional networks of brain activity between patients with HM and LM.
Becoming Sincere: Why Do Jewish Inmates in Israeli Prisons Embrace Religion?
Authors: Teman Elly , Morag Michal
Published: February 2020

Why do Jewish inmates in Israeli prisons embrace religion? What initially motivates them to participate in prayers during incarceration and what are their motivations to make a deeper commitment to observe orthodox Judaism while in prison? We conducted 30 qualitative interviews with 29 Jewish–Israeli men who underwent a process of “religious invigoration” or “religious strengthening” during their prison term and chose to continue being observant following release. We examine their motivations to initially participate in the less restrictive prison seminaries as well as their motivations to transfer to religious wards where incarcerated men must commit to a fully religious lifestyle. Building on the scholarship on the motivations and benefits of religious participation and conversion in prison, we suggest that incarcerated Jewish–Israeli men embrace religion for both sincere reasons and for the extrinsic benefits. Those who progress to a second stage of religious observance and transfer to religious wards do so primarily for extrinsic benefits. However, they report many intrinsic benefits of religion that lead them to continue to pursue religion once released. We suggest that men have different motivations at different stages of the path of religious invigoration in prison but that those men who commit to observance gain intrinsic benefits that may give them sincere reasons to continue religion upon reentry.
Field Performance of Geocell Reinforced Recycled Asphalt Pavement Base Layer
Authors: Khan Md. Ashrafuzzaman , Biswas Nripojyoti , Banerjee Aritra , Puppala Anand J.
Published: February 2020

Utilization of 100% recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) material in the base layer of road construction can provide a cost-effective and sustainable solution. However, excessive permanent deformation of RAP reduces its applicability for such projects. In this study, the effectiveness of geocell reinforced RAP base (GRRB) layers for the flexible pavement sections constructed over the expansive subgrade is investigated. Furthermore, the mechanism involved in the improvement of material stiffness because of the development of additional confining stress in the reinforced base layer is also presented in this paper. During the initial monitoring period, the average vertical compressive stresses over the pavement subgrade for the reinforced sections were observed to be significantly lower in comparison with the corresponding unreinforced sections. The preliminary results indicate that GRRB layers can significantly improve the performance of the pavement by controlling the subgrade deformation.
STARx Hottpad for smoldering treatment of waste oil sludge: Proof of concept and sensitivity to key design parameters
Authors: Solinger Rebecca , Grant Gavin P , Scholes Grant C , Murray Cody , Gerhard Jason I
Published: February 2020

Growing stockpiles of waste oil sludge (WOS) are an outstanding problem worldwide. Self-sustaining Treatment for Active Remediation applied ex situ (STARx) is a treatment technology based on smoldering combustion. Pilot-scale experiments for the STARx Hottpad prove this new concept for the mobile treatment of WOS mixed intentionally with sand or contaminated soil. The experiments also allowed for the calibration and validation of a smoldering propagation numerical model. The model was used to systematically explore the sensitivity of Hottpad performance to system design, operational parameters, and environmental factors. Pilot-scale (~1.5 m width) simulations investigated sensitivity to injected air flux, WOS saturation, heterogeneity of intrinsic permeability, and heterogeneity of WOS saturation. Results reveal that Hottpad design is predicted to be successful for WOS treatment across a wide range of scenarios. The operator can control the rate of WOS destruction and extent of treatment by increasing the air flux injected into the bed. The potential for smoldering channeling to develop was demonstrated for the first time. Under certain conditions, such as WOS saturations of 80%, high heterogeneity of WOS saturations, or moderate to high heterogeneity of soil permeability, smoldering channeling was predicted to accelerate to the point that remedial performance was degraded. Field-scale simulations (~10 m width) predicted successful treatment, with WOS destruction rates an order of magnitude higher than the pilot-scale and treatment times increasing only linearly with bed height. This work is a key step toward the design and effective operation of field STARx Hottpad systems for eliminating WOS.
Effect of the load level on the resistance of composite slabs with steel decking under fire conditions
Authors: Piloto Paulo AG , Balsa Carlos , Santos Lucas MC , Kimura Érica FA
Published: February 2020

The fire resistance of composite slabs with steel decking, in Europe, is usually defined using simple calculation models provided by the Eurocode EN 1994-1-2. For assessing the methodology of these simple calculation methods, a new advanced calculation method is presented, using the software ANSYS. The numerical model is first validated with experimental data reported on bibliography and then a parametric analysis is conducted to better understand the effect of the load level on the composite structure under fire. The validation of the simulations consisted of three different models: the first model considers perfect contact between the steel deck and the concrete topping, and the two following models consider the existence of an air gap between these materials, acting as a thermal resistance on the temperature field through the thickness of the slab. The numerical results show good approximation to the experimental results, mainly when using the non-perfect contact model, reaching 3.88% and 16.91% of difference with respect to the insulation and load-bearing criteria, respectively. Based on the validation models, a parametric study is presented, modifying the load level from 10% up to 75%. New simple calculation models are presented to define the fire resistance of composite slabs, considering the load level, and the debonding effect between the concrete and the steel deck.
How Can and Should We Reach and Train Our Future Pastors and Christian Leaders?
Authors: Stetzer Ed , MacDonald Andrew
Published: February 2020

This article represents a plenary session address for the Asbury Seminary Faculty Retreat, September 20, 2019, by Ed Stetzer, the Billy Graham Chair of Church, Mission, and Evangelism at Wheaton College, Dean of the School of Mission, Ministry, and Leadership at Wheaton College, and Executive Director of the Billy Graham Center. The article addresses six significant trends facing theological education. Following this, three mission challenges are derived from the trends, followed by three implications moving forward.
The Victim–Offender Overlap in Prison: Examining the Factors Associated With Group Membership
Authors: Daquin Jane C. , Daigle Leah E.
Published: February 2020

Historically, criminologists have examined offending and victimization in the community as separate outcomes. Recently, however, researchers have begun to explore the shared commonalities of being an offender and a victim. The victim–offender overlap literature shows that victimization and offending are not different and distinct outcomes, but rather these outcomes share numerous risk factors. A close examination of the victim–offender overlap has not been done within the prison literature. Thus, it remains unclear whether there are commonalities among prisoners who offend while incarcerated and those who experience victimization. The focus of the current study is to (a) identify the proportion of the prisoners who were victims-only, offenders-only, victim–offenders, or neither victim nor offender and (b) identify the factors that predict membership into the four categories of the overlap. The current study used the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities with multinomial logistic regression analyses to examine which factors are associated with group membership into the victim–only, offender–only, or victim–offender groups in prison. Findings show that although the victim–offender overlap exists among prisoners, the majority of prisoners were neither a victim nor an offender. Victim–offenders and victims-only comprise only a small proportion of the sample. Findings also indicate that there are few unique factors across the groups. Results of the study have implications policy and future research.
On investigations of thermal conductivity, circumferential compressive strength, and surface characterization of 3D-printed hybrid blended magnetostrictive PLA composite
Authors: Kumar Sudhir , Singh Rupinder , Singh TP , Batish Ajay
Published: February 2020

In past two decades, the 3D printing of thermoplastic-based composite matrix has been widely explored for different engineering applications. But hitherto little has been reported on the preparation of polylactic acid (PLA) composite-based 3D-printed circular disc to ascertain its circumferential compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and morphological properties for possible structural engineering applications. The present investigation outlines the circumferential compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and morphological properties (Shore D hardness, surface voids using fractured surface analysis) of 3D-printed PLA composite matrix. Based upon the thermal conductivity test, it has been ascertained that sample printed on fused deposition modeling (FDM) setup with infill density of 100%, infill angle of 90°, and infill speed of 70 mm/s has shown maximum thermal conductivity (0.278 W/mK). Further it has been observed that with the increase in infill density, thermal conductivity of the sample has improved. Circumferential compressive testing has been performed on universal tensile testing machine setup (with in-house developed fixtures), and from printer setting optimization viewpoint, it has been ascertained that infill density has maximum contribution for peak and break strength. Further morphological studies (surface hardness, fractured surface analysis, and surface roughness (Ra) data) have supported the observed behavior of circumferential compressive strength and thermal conductivity of 3D-printed samples.
Personal Values and Choice of Charitable Cause: An Exploration of Donors’ Giving Behavior
Authors: Sneddon Joanne N. , Evers Uwana , Lee Julie A.
Published: February 2020

Research shows that personal values influence the decision to donate to charity. However, studies of values and charitable giving have not yet examined how refined values relate to an individual donor’s choice of charitable cause. In this article, we examine relations between donors’ value priorities and their support for nine different types of charitable cause. We do this across two samples of donors from Australia and the United States. We show clear evidence of refined value motivations for donations to environmental, animal welfare, religious or spiritual, and international aid charities, as well as giving to other types of causes (i.e., arts or culture, education, health services, community or welfare services, and sporting clubs). Our findings suggest that the study of donor’s values can offer a more nuanced understanding of what motivates their choice of charitable cause, with the potential to inform fundraising research and practice.
The Technologisation of Grace and Theology: Meta-theological Insights from Transhumanism
Authors: Leung King-Ho
Published: February 2020

This article examines some of the recent theological critiques of the movement of technological human enhancement known as ‘transhumanism’. Drawing on the comparisons between grace and technology often found in the theological discourse on transhumanism, this article argues that the Thomistic distinction between healing grace and elevating grace can not only supplement the theological analysis of transhumanism and its ethical implications, but also help Christian theologians and ethicists become more aware of how the phenomenon of technology may have implicitly shaped the contemporary understanding of ‘grace’ as well as the task of theology as a spiritual and indeed ethical practice.
Experimental and theoretical investigation on synchronization of a vibration system flexibly driven by two motors
Authors: Li Yujia , Ren Tao , Meng Xiaoping , Zhang Minghong , Zhao Peng
Published: February 2020

With the increasing requirements for screening new materials, such as high-density and high-viscosity drilling fluids, it is necessary to increase the exciting force of the shale shaker to fully handle the new materials. To increase the exciting force of shale shaker while improving the force condition, a dynamic model of a vibration system flexibly driven by two motors is proposed in this paper. The dynamic behavior and synchronization theory of this system are investigated by using Lagrange equation and Hamilton’s principle. The calculation proves that the conventional planar vibration system rigidly driven by two motors is a special case of the investigated spatial vibration system flexibly driven by two motors. The phase difference between the eccentric rotors is automatically adjusted by the system to balance the change in the motor installation position for maintaining synchronization and stability. Theoretical investigation and experimental verification prove that the system can synchronize vibration without additional control synchronization.
Development of sugarcane and trash identification system in sugar production using hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Aparatana Kittipon , Saengprachatanarug Khwantri , Izumikawa Yoshinari , Nakamura Shinya , Taira Eizo
Published: February 2020

Classification and differentiation of clean sugarcane from trash (green sugarcane leaf, dry sugarcane leaf, stone, and soil) are important for the sugar payment system at a sugar mill. Currently, the methods used to do this are manual and subjective. Therefore, this study is aimed at accurately differentiating clean sugarcane from trash by using hyperspectral imaging with multivariate analyses. Samples containing sugarcane billets and trash mixed in a ratio of 18:38 were analyzed in this study. The reflectance data of the samples were analyzed in the wavelength range of 400–1000 nm via principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA model was capable of identifying all of the clean sugarcane and trash samples. The spectral loadings of the PCA model show that the sugarcane and trash samples are easily identifiable based on the color (visible light) of each class, water absorption (approximately 970 nm), and chlorophyll absorption (approximately 680 nm). Based on the characteristic wavelengths of the PCA loading peaks, over 90% of the sugarcane and trash samples were differentiated using a multiple linear regression model. Sugarcane and trash are classified by using partial least-squares discriminant analysis and support vector machine models. For all wavelengths, the classification rate is 92.9% and 98.2%, respectively. This shows that sugarcane and trash can be accurately classified and differentiated by using hyperspectral imaging and multivariate analyses.
Effect of Taping of Thoracic and Abdominal Muscles on Pelvic Alignment and Forward Reach Distance Among Stroke Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mehta Megha , Joshua Abraham M. , Karthikbabu Suruliraj , Misri Zulkifli , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Nayak Akshatha
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The objective of this study was to find the immediate as well as short-term effect on pelvic alignment and forward arm reach distance in sitting among stroke patients following thoracic spine and abdominal muscles taping along with conventional therapy.

Methods: Thirty subjects with stroke attending the physiotherapy programme at Department of Physiotherapy at a tertiary care hospital underwent this randomized controlled experimental study. Subjects in the experimental group received taping, along with conventional physiotherapy treatment, for restricting thoracic kyphosis and facilitating abdominal muscles. Subjects in the control group received only conventional physiotherapy treatment. To assess the change in pelvic alignment and forward arm reach distance while sitting, Palpation MeterTM (PALMTM) and sit and reach test were used, respectively.

Results: In the experimental group, pelvic obliquity was corrected (4.1 ± 0.94) and anterior pelvic tilt revealed improvement (4.9 ± 2.1, p value < 0.001). In the control group, no improvement in pelvic alignment was recorded. Improvement in forward arm reach distance was similar in both groups ( p value = 0.804).

Conclusion: Taping as an adjunctive treatment method to physiotherapy can cause immediate as well as short-term improvement of pelvic alignment in sitting, following stroke. It also, immediately improves the sit and reach distance in the same population.
Cycling alone: Team Sky’s difficult quest for credibility during the 2015 Tour de France
Authors: Plassard Flora , Ohl Fabien , Schoch Lucie
Published: February 2020

This article aims to address the question of credibility as a key issue for sports stakeholders. Due to the number of doping scandals, professional cycling offers an interesting example to understand how agents try building credibility after facing mistrust. The present study provides an example of how a professional team (Sky) faced controversy during the 2015 Tour de France. The dispute about Sky riders’ performance reflects the rejection of their occupational self-definition. Relying mainly on Goffman’s sociology to analyse public interactions, we have observed how Sky tried to convince their audience that their performance was credible. However, the team’s quest for credibility remains uncertain for two reasons. First, the legacy of doping scandals in cycling – in addition to the low trust in the organizations in charge of anti-doping regulations – weakens its credibility. Second, the mistrust in cycling drives journalists and experts to stage their independence in order to avoid being considered an ally or accomplice. As a consequence, collaborative networks were rendered fragile, and Sky could not rely on a large ‘team presentation’ to face criticism. This research shows that the lack of credibility is a central issue for the sport since it threatens its whole economy.
A Systematic Literature Review of College and Career Readiness Frameworks for Students With Disabilities
Authors: Monahan Jessica L. , Lombardi Allison , Madaus Joseph , Carlson Sarah R. , Freeman Jennifer , Gelbar Nicholas
Published: February 2020

A systematic review was conducted to understand the extent of empirical support for College and Career Readiness (CCR) frameworks and whether or not students with disabilities (SWD) are included in these frameworks. We identified 26 articles that showed a complex set of domains with both academic and nonacademic skills. Findings showed few studies reported empirical research concerning CCR frameworks for SWD and there was a strong emphasis on college and academic outcomes. Suggestions for future research include studies that further support or identify areas of weakness in proposed CCR frameworks, better clarification of CCR nonacademic skills, and the development of accompanying measures to broaden the understanding of CCR and ultimately inform policy and practice.
Elman neural network–based identification of rate-dependent hysteresis in piezoelectric actuators
Authors: Zhao Xinlong , Shen Shuai , Su Liangcai , Yin Xiuxing
Published: February 2020

Rate-dependent hysteresis nonlinearity in piezoelectric actuators severely limits micro- and nanoscale system performance. It is necessary to establish a dynamic model to describe the full behavior of rate-dependent hysteresis. In this article, the Elman neural network–based hysteresis model is developed for piezoelectric actuators. An improved dynamic hysteretic operator is proposed to transform the multi-valued mapping of hysteresis into one-to-one mapping on a newly constructed expanded input space. Then, Elman neural network incorporated with the improved dynamic hysteretic operator is utilized to approximate the behavior of rate-dependent hysteresis. The combination of Elman neural network and the improved dynamic hysteretic operator can dually embody the dynamic property and is capable of fully extracting the characteristics of rate-dependent hysteresis. The experimental results are presented to illustrate the potential of the proposed modeling technique.
Adenocarcinoma-Papillary Cystic Pattern Arising in a Mixed Squamous and Glandular Papilloma of the Lung
Authors: An Ae Ri , Park Seung Yong , Kim Jong Hun , Chae Kum Ju , Chung Myoung Ja
Published: February 2020

Mixed squamous and glandular papilloma (mixed papilloma) of the lung has been reported in fewer than 25 cases in the English literature. Although it is known as a benign tumor, malignant transformation has been reported. Papillary cystic carcinoma is characterized by papillary and cystic growth patterns and has been reported as a subtype of adenocarcinoma, mainly in the salivary glands, breast, and pancreas. In this article, we report a case of adenocarcinoma-papillary cystic pattern arising from mixed papilloma of the lung in a 76-year-old male patient. Chest computed tomography scan revealed an endobronchial mass growing at the right medial segmental bronchus. Middle lobe lobectomy was performed, revealing a 4.9 × 1.9 cm-sized mass that protruded into the bronchus. Microscopically, the tumor showed numerous cysts lined by micropapillary projections. The tumor cells had round and vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli, and mitosis was frequent. A limited portion of the tumor consisted of benign mixed papilloma. The tumor showed diffuse immunoreactivity for thyroid transcription factor-1 and strong expression of p16. We investigated the mutational status of cancer-related genes using targeted next-generation sequencing and identified a genetic alteration in the BRAF gene. This is the first case report of papillary cystic carcinoma arising in mixed papilloma of the lung.
Educating Journalism Students on Gender and Inequality
Authors: Geertsema-Sligh Margaretha , Bachmann Ingrid , Moody-Ramirez Mia
Published: February 2020

Around the world, journalism remains a male-dominated profession. This syndicate discussed the current state of the field and made recommendations on how to educate journalism students on gender and inequality. Participants agreed that good journalism is sensitive to gender and inequality issues and that course work should address these issues. Furthermore, schools must make a commitment to gender equality and diversity and offer resources to help faculty and students understand and better relate to these issues.
Journalism Training Beyond Journalism Schools
Authors: Maniou Theodora A. , Stark Alexandra , Touwen Carien J.
Published: February 2020

The need for journalism educators to critically reflect on social, economic, and technological global changes has been on the agenda since the early 2000s. In this era of disruption, digitalization offers new possibilities by using the internet, its platforms, and its ability to create new forms of training. This piece presents ways in which a new journalism education model can be implemented to better train student journalists.
Stereotyping and Profiling
Authors: Ross Tara , Wake Alexandra , Colisson Pascale
Published: February 2020

The media are vectors of representations. If journalists are not aware about the risk of transmitting stereotypes in their productions, they will reinforce the reproduction of stereotypes instead of combating them. Thus, they will be unable to produce fair and balanced information. Journalism educators play a key role in raising the awareness of future journalists. They have to foster comprehension of stereotypes and diversity as well as their impact in the media content. However, their mission is also to be role models and implement this culture of equality and nondiscrimination in their institutions. This text proposes an analysis about educators’ responsibility concerning stereotypes and gives some references of efficient tools.
Sculpting digital voids: The politics of forgetting on Facebook
Authors: Jacobsen Benjamin N
Published: February 2020

In an age where modes of storing and retaining data have become a ubiquitous presence in society, the issue of forgetting is becoming increasingly problematic. This piece figures as a theoretical contribution to the issue of forgetting in relation to social media platforms by looking at the Facebook memory app, Year in Review. Drawing on Terry Eagleton’s notion of ‘sculpting voids’, it explores the conceptual implications of digital archiving on memory, forgetting and, ultimately, the self. I argue that there is an emerging politics of forgetting and invisibility on Facebook, exploring the Eric Meyer incident on Year in Review in 2014. This incident resulted in Facebook seeking to automatically and algorithmically prevent media traces that might evoke painful memories of deceased family members and ex-partners from resurfacing on users’ yearly Year in Review videos. This practice of sculpting digital voids is conceptualized as an algorithmic mode of classification, a way of sorting people’s media objects such as photos on Facebook depending on the inferred emotional response these memory traces will elicit. Because of their ‘imagined’ nature and generative force, these practices need to be understood in relation to power. Sculpting digital voids, therefore, figures as a critical and conceptual framework for better understanding of how (in)visibilities and power relations are shaped on social media platforms.
Youth health in a digital world: Approaching screen use in clinical practice
Authors: Jericho Monique , Elliott April
Published: February 2020

New technologies, such as smartphones, have altered our behaviours and cultural structures more dramatically than televisions of our past. The array of today’s electronic devices have pulled our eyes closer to the screens and our focus further into the boxes behind those screens. Screens may serve us; simultaneously, they are increasingly giving rise to health and social challenges that researchers are only beginning to understand. There is a growing dis-ease among parents and health care providers (HCPs) about how screens are affecting youth. As the push for increased screen time continues in both educational and workplace settings, HCPs are not only tasked with helping parents and youth cope, but they must find ways to manage the impact of increased personal and professional screen time on their own wellbeing. This article considers the impact of increased screen time on two groups: youth and the HCPs supporting them. Furthermore, the authors explore the impact of screen use on clinical interactions, and patient care, suggesting a process for addressing screen use and provide specific tools including a reflective query for HCPs to better evaluate the impact of their own screen usage, ‘the Coaching Stance’ and TGROW, a questioning approach derived from coaching theory.
Educational (de)segregation in North Macedonia: The intersection of policies, schools, and individuals
Authors: Bloodworth Aryn
Published: February 2020

North Macedonia’s two main ethnic groups, the Albanians and Macedonians, have experienced increasing segregation in education, though recent political shifts have made social cohesion a priority, which could replace decades of segregationist policies and break down a damaging cycle of segregation. Using a qualitative approach, I examine the complex relationship between policies, schools, and individuals through analysing 18 years of education policies, interviews/focus groups with 30 participants, and four years living and working in segregated communities. To explore how educational policies, institutions, and practices perpetuate ethnic segregation in North Macedonia, and how growing up in a divided society shapes individuals’ conceptions of themselves and other predominant ethnic groups, I employ contact theory and critical policy analysis. I find that as students grow up in divided schools and communities, their conceptions of the self and of people from other ethnic groups are constituted by these experiences of segregation. While the nation’s education policies currently include more initiatives for integrated education, these have yet to be implemented satisfactorily, meaning that public schools could teach inclusion and serve as a mechanism for dispelling negative stereotypes, but to do so requires a reconceptualization of ethnic difference and a cohesive vision of national identity.