bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Intonation of Polar Questions in North American (“Heritage”) Icelandic
Authors: Dehé Nicole
Published: August 2018

Using map task data, this paper investigates the intonation of polar questions in North American (heritage) Icelandic, and compares it to the intonation of polar questions in Icelandic as spoken in Iceland and in North American English as spoken in Manitoba, Canada. The results show that intonational features typical of Icelandic polar questions are present to a considerable extent in heritage Icelandic. Furthermore, intonational features typical of North American English polar questions can frequently be observed in heritage Icelandic, too. In addition, there is a tendency for intonational features typical of Icelandic polar questions to show up in North American English polar questions produced by speakers of heritage Icelandic more often than in North American English polar questions produced by speakers without Icelandic heritage. Focusing on intonation, the present study adds to the evidence for (bidirectional) prosodic interference between a heritage language (here moribund Icelandic) and the dominant language (here North American English).*
The Unusual Surface Chlorophyll Signatures of Southern Ocean Eddies
Authors: Dawson H. R. S. , Strutton P. G. , Gaube P.
Published: August 2018

Southern Ocean mesoscale eddies play an important role in ocean circulation and biogeochemical cycling, but their biological characteristics have not been well quantified at the basin scale. To address this, we combined a 15‐year tracked eddy data set with satellite observations of ocean color, sea surface temperature, and autonomous profiling floats to quantify the surface and subsurface properties of eddies. Anomalies of surface temperature and chlorophyll were examined in eddy‐centric composite averages constructed from thousands of eddies. Normalized surface chlorophyll anomalies (chlnorm) vary seasonally and geographically. Cyclones typically show positive chlnorm, while anticyclones have negative chlnorm. The sign of chlnorm reverses during late summer and autumn for eddies between the Subtropical and Polar Fronts. The reversal is most obvious in the Indian sector, and we attribute this to a combination of eddy stirring (deformation of surface gradients by the rotational velocity of an eddy) and deeper winter mixing in anticyclones. Both chlnorm and sea surface temperature anomalies transition from dipole structures north of the Subtropical Front to monopole structures south of the Subantarctic Front. Sea surface temperature and chlnorm composites provide evidence for eddy trapping (transporting of anomalies) and eddy stirring. This research provides a basin‐scale study of surface chlorophyll in Southern Ocean eddies and reveals counterintuitive biogeochemical signals.
Large‐Scale Forces Under Surface Gravity Waves at a Wavy Bottom: A Mechanism for the Generation of Primary Microseisms
Authors: Ardhuin Fabrice
Published: August 2018

Primary microseisms are background seismic oscillations recorded everywhere on Earth with typical frequencies 0.05 < f < 0.1 Hz. They appear to be generated by ocean waves of the same frequency f, propagating over shallow bottom topography. Previous quantitative models for the generation of primary microseisms considered wave propagation over topographic features with either large scales, equivalent to a vertical point force, or small scales matching ocean wave wavelengths, equivalent to a horizontal force. While the first requires unrealistic bottom slopes to explain measured Rayleigh wave amplitudes, the second produced Love waves and not enough Rayleigh waves. Here we show how the small scales actually produce comparable horizontal and vertical forces. For example, a realistic rough bottom over an area of 100 km2 with depths around 15 m is enough to explain the vertical ground motion observed at a seismic station located 150 km away. Ocean waves propagating over small‐scale topography is thus a plausible explanation for the observed microseisms at frequencies around 0.07 Hz.
First Identification of Mafic Igneous Enclaves in Miocene Lavas of Southern Tibet With Implications for Indian Continental Subduction
Authors: Hao Lu‐Lu , Wang Qiang , Wyman Derek A. , Qi Yue , Ma Lin , Huang Fang , Zhang Le , Xia Xiao Ping , Ou Quan
Published: August 2018

The history of Indian continental subduction beneath Asian plate remains unclear. Miocene ultrapotassic rocks in southern Tibet, with extremely enriched isotopes, have often been used to trace mantle metasomatism and geodynamic processes associated with Indian continental subduction. These rocks, however, may have been contaminated by Lhasa ancient crust. Uncertainties on primary ultrapotassic magmas obscure their mantle sources. Here we report on first mafic igneous enclaves in Cenozoic lavas of southern Tibet. They consist principally of clinopyroxene, phlogopite, and sanidine and have a zircon U‐Pb age of 21.5 ± 0.3 Ma. Mineral and bulk‐rock geochemical characteristics indicate their crystallization from primary ultrapotassic magmas. Bulk‐rock Sr‐Nd, clinopyroxene Sr, and zircon O isotopes demonstrate their isotopically enriched character. Combined with precollisional basalts, we suggest that the mantle source of the enclaves was enriched by the subducted Indian continent. This study implies that the Indian continent had subducted beneath central Lhasa no later than early Miocene.
R-spondin-2 is a Wnt agonist that regulates osteoblast activity and bone mass
Authors: Knight M. Noelle , Karuppaiah Kannan , Lowe Michele , Mohanty Sarthak , Zondervan Robert L. , Bell Sheila , Ahn Jaimo , Hankenson Kurt D.
Published: August 2018

The R-spondin family of proteins are Wnt agonists, and the complete embryonic disruption of Rspo2 results in skeletal developmental defects that recapitulate the phenotype observed with Lrp5/6 deficiency. Previous work has shown that R-spondin-2 (Rspo2, RSPO2) is both highly expressed in Wnt-stimulated pre-osteoblasts and its overexpression induces osteoblast differentiation in the same cells, supporting its putative role as a positive autocrine regulator of osteoblastogenesis. However, the role of Rspo2 in regulating osteoblastogenesis and bone formation in postnatal bone has not been explored. Here we show that limb-bud progenitor cells from Rspo2 knockout mice undergo reduced mineralization during osteoblastogenesis in vitro and have a corresponding alteration in their osteogenic gene expression profile. We also generated the first Rspo2 conditional knockout (Rspo2floxed) mouse and disrupted Rspo2 expression in osteoblast-lineage cells by crossing to the Osteocalcin-Cre mouse line (Ocn-Cre + Rspo2f/f). Ocn-Cre + Rspo2f/f male and female mice at 1, 3, and 6 months were examined. Ocn-Cre + Rspo2f/f mice are decreased in overall body size compared to their control littermates and have decreased bone mass. Histomorphometric analysis of 1-month-old mice revealed a similar number of osteoblasts and mineralizing surface per bone surface with a simultaneous decrease in mineral apposition and bone formation rates. Consistent with this observation, serum osteocalcin in 3-month-old Ocn-Cre + Rspo2f/f was reduced, and bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells from Ocn-Cre + Rspo2f/f mice undergo less mineralization in vitro. Finally, gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry of mature bone shows reduced beta-catenin signaling in Ocn-Cre + Rspo2f/f. Overall, RSPO2 reduces osteoblastogenesis and mineralization, leading to reduced bone mass.
Two novel SHP-1 agonists, SC-43 and SC-78, are more potent than regorafenib in suppressing the in vitro stemness of human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Chung Shin-Yi , Chen Yen-Hsi , Lin Pei-Rong , Chao Ta-Chung , Su Jung-Chen , Shiau Chung-Wai , Su Yeu
Published: August 2018

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been shown to play a critical role in the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Hence, the inhibition of STAT3 signaling has been suggested to be a viable therapeutic approach for cancers. Moreover, the efficacy of combinations of chemotherapeutic drugs and napabucasin, a small-molecule STAT3 inhibitor, have been assessed in various clinical trials, including those involving patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC).

Two recently developed small-molecule STAT3 inhibitors, SC-43 and SC-78, which can stimulate SHP-1 to inactivate STAT3, were found to have anti-tumor activity. In this study, the inhibitory effects of SC-43, SC-78, and regorafenib (a reference drug) on cell viability, STAT3 phosphorylation, and various stemness properties [e.g., sphere-forming and soft agar colony-forming abilities, CD133+/CD44+(stem cell-like) subpopulations, and the expression of several CSC markers] were examined for both HCT-116 and HT-29 human CRC cells. We found that SC-43 and SC-78 but not regorafenib inhibited constitutive and IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in HCT-116 and HT-29 cells, respectively. Moreover, SC-43 and SC-78 were more potent than regorafenib in suppressing the stemness properties (except stem cell-like subpopulations) of these cells. As expected, SHP-1 knockdown almost completely abolished the suppressive effects of SC-43 and SC-78 on the sphere formation in both cell lines. Furthermore, SC-43 and SC-78 showed synergistic inhibitory effects with oxaliplatin and/or irinotecan on sphere formation. Overall, our results suggest that SC-43 and SC-78 are potent STAT3 inhibitors that may potentially be used in combination therapy for CRC.
The prognostic significance of Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio in upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Tan Ping , Xie Nan , Ai Jianzhong , Xu Hang , Xu Huan , Liu Liangren , Yang Lu , Wei Qiang
Published: August 2018

To assess the prognostic impact of pretreatment albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), the data of 692 patients, operated between 2003 and 2016 in our center, were retrospectively assessed. The threshold of AAPR was defined as 0.58 by using the receiver-operating curve analysis. Overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. And the univariate and multivariate Cox’s regression models were performed to identify independent prognostic predictors. The results showed that AAPR <0.58 was significantly related to higher pT stage and grade, concomitant variant histology, anemia and larger tumor size. Additionally, patients with a lower AAPR had an inferior survival outcomes than those with an AAPR ≥0.58 (all P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis suggested that the lower AAPR was also an independent risk factor for poor OS (HR 1.587, 95%CI: 1.185–2.126; P = 0.002), CSS (HR 1.746, 95%CI: 1.249–2.440; P = 0.001), and RFS (HR 1.337, 95%CI: 1.027–1.739; P = 0.031). Moreover, subgroup analysis demonstrated the lower AAPR was related to worse prognosis in high-grade UTUC patients; but in those with low-grade disease, no relationship between them was observed. In conclusion, our results found that the decreased AAPR was independently related to poor survival outcomes in UTUC patients. Using the AAPR for subclassification of high-grade UTUC seems to further identify a poor prognostic group and contribute to clinical decisions making.
Effects of multiple environmental variables on tundra ecosystem respiration in maritime Antarctica
Authors: Bao Tao , Zhu Renbin , Li Xianglan , Ye Wenjuan , Cheng Xiao
Published: August 2018

Summertime ecosystem respiration (ER) rates through seven sites were measured at an upland tundra on Fildes Peninsula in maritime Antarctica to investigate effects of topographic gradient, vegetation types and climatic factors on tundra ER rates. Overall the highest ER rates occurred at the tundra top, followed at the middle slope, and the lowest rates at the lower slope. The daily highest ER rates occurred at noon whereas the lowest at 6 am. There was a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) between tundra ER and 0–10 cm soil temperature, but a significant negative correlation (P < 0.01) between ER and soil moisture. A high Q10 value of 2.69 was obtained when all the data were combined, indicating soil temperature sensitivity of tundra ER. The mean ER at the tundra sites with moss coverage (72.2 ± 4.4 mg CO2 m−2 h−1) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that at the sites with lichen coverage (46.8 ± 8.7 mg CO2 m−2 h−1). The tundra sites without snow coverage experienced significant CO2 release, whereas the emission through ER was very low at the tundra sites with snow coverage. Our results indicated that topographic gradient, soil temperature, soil moisture, vegetation types and snow coverage might affect tundra ER in maritime Antarctica.
Genomic Analysis of the Insect-Killing Fungus Beauveria bassiana JEF-007 as a Biopesticide
Authors: Lee Se Jin , Lee Mi Rong , Kim Sihyeon , Kim Jong Cheol , Park So Eun , Li Dongwei , Shin Tae Young , Nai Yu-Shin , Kim Jae Su
Published: August 2018

Insect-killing fungi have high potential in pest management. A deeper insight into the fungal genes at the whole genome level is necessary to understand the inter-species or intra-species genetic diversity of fungal genes, and to select excellent isolates. In this work, we conducted a whole genome sequencing of Beauveria bassiana (Bb) JEF-007 and characterized pathogenesis-related features and compared with other isolates including Bb ARSEF2860. A large number of Bb JEF-007 genes showed high identity with Bb ARSEF2860, but some genes showed moderate or low identity. The two Bb isolates showed a significant difference in vegetative growth, antibiotic-susceptibility, and virulence against Tenebrio molitor larvae. When highly identical genes between the two Bb isolates were subjected to real-time PCR, their transcription levels were different, particularly in heat shock protein 30 (hsp30) gene which is related to conidial thermotolerance. In several B. bassiana isolates, chitinases and trypsin-like protease genes involved in pathogenesis were highly conserved, but other genes showed noticeable sequence variation within the same species. Given the transcriptional and genetic diversity in B. bassiana, a selection of virulent isolates with industrial advantages is a pre-requisite, and this genetic approach could support the development of excellent biopesticides with intellectual property protection.
Structural basis for promotion of duodenal iron absorption by enteric ferric reductase with ascorbate
Authors: Ganasen Menega , Togashi Hiromi , Takeda Hanae , Asakura Honami , Tosha Takehiko , Yamashita Keitaro , Hirata Kunio , Nariai Yuko , Urano Takeshi , Yuan Xiaojing , Hamza Iqbal , Mauk A. Grant , Shiro Yoshitsugu , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Sawai Hitomi
Published: August 2018

Dietary iron absorption is regulated by duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb), an integral membrane protein that catalyzes reduction of nonheme Fe3+ by electron transfer from ascorbate across the membrane. This step is essential to enable iron uptake by the divalent metal transporter. Here we report the crystallographic structures of human Dcytb and its complex with ascorbate and Zn2+. Each monomer of the homodimeric protein possesses cytoplasmic and apical heme groups, as well as cytoplasmic and apical ascorbate-binding sites located adjacent to each heme. Zn2+ coordinates to two hydroxyl groups of the apical ascorbate and to a histidine residue. Biochemical analysis indicates that Fe3+ competes with Zn2+ for this binding site. These results provide a structural basis for the mechanism by which Fe3+ uptake is promoted by reducing agents and should facilitate structure-based development of improved agents for absorption of orally administered iron.
Crystalline silicon solar cells with tetracene interlayers: the path to silicon-singlet fission heterojunction devices
Authors: MacQueen Rowan W. , Liebhaber Martin , Niederhausen Jens , Mews Mathias , Gersmann Clemens , Jäckle Sara , Jäger Klaus , Tayebjee Murad J. Y. , Schmidt Timothy W. , Rech Bernd , Lips Klaus
Published: August 2018

Solar cells utilising heterojunctions between crystalline silicon and singlet fission materials are a new competitor to silicon tandem cells.
Perspectives and applications of machine learning for evolutionary developmental biology
Authors: Feltes Bruno César , Grisci Bruno Iochins , Poloni Joice de Faria , Dorn Márcio
Published: August 2018

In this review, we aim to expose the current advances of machine learning applied to evolution and development.
Self-organisation and characterisation of hierarchical structures in trimethyl β-cyclodextrin nano-films
Authors: Ogawa S. , Ashida K. , Kaneko T. , Takahashi I.
Published: August 2018

A facile approach for creating flat nanosheets and helical nanofibres from trimethyl β-cyclodextrin nano-films were successfully developed.
Ammonium bio-ionic liquids based on camelina oil as potential novel agrochemicals
Authors: Pernak Juliusz , Łęgosz Bartosz , Klejdysz Tomasz , Marcinkowska Katarzyna , Rogowski Jacek , Kurasiak-Popowska Danuta , Stuper-Szablewska Kinga
Published: August 2018

Third generation bio-ionic liquids (bio-ILs) were synthesized based on cheap and increasingly available camelina oil.
Anticancer activities of a β-amino alcohol ligand and nanoparticles of its copper(ii) and zinc(ii) complexes evaluated by experimental and theoretical methods
Authors: Mardani Zahra , Kazemshoar-Duzduzani Reza , Moeini Keyvan , Hajabbas-Farshchi Alireza , Carpenter-Warren Cameron , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Woollins J. Derek
Published: August 2018

Nano particles of copper and zinc complexes with an amino alcohol ligand were prepared under ultrasonic irradiation and their anticancer activates were investigated along with the docking studies and DFT calculations.
Microscopic investigations of switching phenomenon in memristive systems: a mini review
Authors: Younis Adnan , Li Sean
Published: August 2018

The state of the art microscopy techniques can provide deep understanding of resistive switching mechanisms.
Tailoring the nano heterointerface of hematite/magnetite on hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages for superb oxygen reduction
Authors: Fan Hao , Mao Kun , Liu Meng , Zhuo Ou , Zhao Jin , Sun Tao , Jiang Yufei , Du Xiao , Zhang Xiali , Wu Qingsong , Che Renchao , Yang Lijun , Wu Qiang , Wang Xizhang , Hu Zheng
Published: August 2018

A highly efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalyst is developed by tailoring the nano heterointerface of hematite/magnetite on hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages.
Nonlinear optical absorption and ultrafast carrier dynamics of copper antimony sulfide semiconductor nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Feng , Chen Keqiang , Jiang Xiantao , Wang Yunzheng , Ge Yanqi , Wu Leimin , Xu Shixiang , Bao Qiaoliang , Zhang Han
Published: August 2018

Ternary copper antimony sulfide nanocrystals (CAS NCs), a promising solar cell candidate, have been proposed and investigated from the perspective of nonlinear optical response and ultrafast photoinduced carrier dynamics.
On the origin of ferroelectric structural phases in perovskite-like metal–organic formate
Authors: Sieradzki Adam , Mączka Mirosław , Simenas Mantas , Zaręba Jan K. , Gągor Anna , Balciunas Sergejus , Kinka Martynas , Ciupa Aneta , Nyk Marcin , Samulionis Vytautas , Banys Juras , Paluch Marian , Pawlus Sebastian
Published: August 2018

The spontaneous electric polarization of methylhydrazinium zinc formate occurs due to freezing of motion around the 2- and 3-axes of the methylhydrazinium cation.
A MST catalogue of γ-ray source candidates above 10 GeV and at Galactic latitudes higher than 20°
Authors: Campana R. , Massaro E. , Bernieri E.
Published: August 2018

We describe a catalogue of γ-ray source candidates selected using the minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm on the nine year Fermi-LAT sky (Pass 8) at energies higher than 10 GeV. The extragalactic sky at absolute Galactic latitudes above 20° has been investigated using rather restrictive selection criteria, resulting in a total sample of 1342 sources. Of these, 249 are new detections that have not been previously associated with γ-ray catalogues. A large portion of these candidates have interesting counterparts, which are most likely blazars. In this paper, we report the main results of the catalogue selection and search of counterparts.
Savings resulting from coupling the PV with the space cooling system
Authors: Chwieduk Bartosz , Szelągowski Adam
Published: August 2018

The paper presents results of analysis of possible cooperation of a photovoltaic system with the space cooling devices. The size of the photovoltaic system was determined on the basis of electricity demand of the selected single family house. The demand for the electricity use for cooling and air conditioning had not been taken into account while calculating the size of PV system. On the basis of the heat balance of the building, the demand for cooling in the following hours of a year was determined. The demand for cooling and heating is affected by the heat transfer through walls, windows, floor, roof, and air exchanged through ventilation. Also solar and internal gains were taken into account. Based on Next, a cooling unit was selected. A cooling device was selected to provide enough energy to maintain the thermal comfort of the building in summer. Taking into account parameters of the selected device, the demand for electricity was determined. Based on time and hours of operation of electrical appliances in the building, a chart of electricity demand was created. The demand for cooling was included. Calculated values of the energy demand required to power all devices in the building were compared with the energy gains from the photovoltaic system. In order to calculate the energy generated by the PV system (in following hours of a year) the isotropic model of solar irradiation was used. The input solar radiation data on horizontal surface were downloaded from the website of the Ministry of Investment and Economic Development. In the last paragraphs, savings obtained in result of using the energy generated by the PV system to drive the space cooling system were determined and conclusions from the calculations were presented.
Quality of outdoor and indoor environment during the cruise of the tall ship STS Fryderyk Chopin
Authors: Firląg Szymon
Published: August 2018

The aim of this paper is to present the results of measurements, on the quality of internal and external environment, carried out during the cruise of the tall ship STS Fryderyk Chopin. The cruise took place between 16th and 30th September 2017 as part of the scientific seminar of the Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) on the Wave, addressed to students of the WTU. After leaving the port of Edinburgh, crossing the North Sea, the Danish straits, stops in Copenhagen and Kołobrzeg, the tall ship reached Szczecin after two weeks. The measurements carried out on the deck included the temperature and relative humidity of the indoor air in three cabins and the men’s bathroom. In two cabins, the CO2 concentration was measured additionally. The outdoor temperature, relative humidity and concentration of PM 1.0, PM 2.5 and PM 10 were also measured. The obtained results allowed to assess the quality of the internal environment in accordance with the standards and to analyze the effectiveness of the mechanical ventilation system. Measurements of particulate matter have shown significant differences between outdoor air quality in the open sea and in ports or near major shipping routes. It turned out that the impact of emissions from passing ships using diesel engines is clearly visible.
Potential of siliceous fly ash and silica fume as a substitute for binder in cementitious concretes
Authors: Gil Damian Marek , Golewski Grzegorz Ludwik
Published: August 2018

Nowadays, concrete constructions are often erected from a material that has been modified with mineral additives or chemical admixtures. Thanks to such modifications, modern and innovative visions of architects and constructors are realizable. Modification of concrete microstructure with mineral additives results in a partial change of its properties as well as physical and mechanical parameters. Ecological and economic reasons are an additional cause of increased interest in the potential use of such additives as fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), lime powder or granulated blast-furnace slag. The basic physical mechanism of interaction of FA and SF with concrete is primarily to seal the composite microstructure. In the paper a concrete modified with a constant amount of densified silica fume, and a variable percentage amount of siliceous fly ash was analyzed. Concrete samples have been subjected to mechanical and physical tests. Their results allowed to determine the optimal composition of a concrete mix containing the mineral supplements in the context of planned experiments. The use of a combined SF and FA additive as a substitute for a cement binder in a concrete mix allows for an optimal increase in the strength parameters of the concrete, thus not degrading its physical properties. The article presents the characteristics of materials used to make concretes and then analyzes the results of the composites' tests. An in-depth analysis of the results showed the usefulness of silica fumes and siliceous fly ashes as useful raw materials for a concrete production.
The use of secondary build-up in historical fabric based on the donjon of Kłodzko Fortress
Authors: Gleń Piotr , Krupa Karol
Published: August 2018

Basing on the secondary warehouses in the donjon of Kłodzko Fortress, the authors of this paper discuss the subject of interference in the historical structure, as well as the opportunities that comes with such inclusion. They analyse the possibilities to use the space incorporated into the existing fabric of a historical object on the basis of a building survey. This article scrutinises the problem of interference in a very particular military object and all related issues that might arise in this area. Postindustrial warehouses are located in the donjon, which is the last ring of defence. These secondary buildings touch two interesting issues: the introduction of the new function to the whole complex and, on the other hand, the interference in the original form of the ramparts situated over casemated halls of the courtyard. To address this problem, the authors analyse the existing structure for its functionality, usability and design, presenting its advantages, disadvantages and perspectives in the context of the whole complex of Kłodzko Fortress. The fortress is an interesting tourist spot because of its location in the scale of the city and the Kłodzko Valley region. It might be considered as a nodal point for the touristic attractions of the area.
Usable elements of technical infrastructure around historic architecture in the Old Town of Prague
Authors: Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk Katarzyna , Krawczyk Dorota Anna
Published: August 2018

Utilizable architectural details can highlight the character of a historical building, but they can also change the perception of the total view of this particular building or even the whole district. That is why architectural elements installed in old buildings or old, historical quarters are a challenge for designers and contractors. It is possible to achieve a good and well-accepted effect, but one condition must be abided - the investor must try to get all elements harmonized. The elaboration of a concept requires a good knowledge about both building history and detail character. The paper shows an application of engineering elements in the Old Town of Prague. The research was conducted in the historical part of Prague, where even on the first look you can see scrupulousness about all elements of buildings, the most useful elements related to urban networks and object furnishings are not incompatible with the historic character of the city. A widespread public debate on renovation of constructions, showing good and bad examples of retrofitting, would allow avoiding common mistakes and link modernity with historical value.
Wooden architecture of sieve farmsteads in Biłgoraj on the example of the farmstead at Nadstawna 32 St.
Authors: Gosztyła Marek , Wazio Magdalena
Published: August 2018

At the turn of the 17th and 19th centuries, the sieving industry developed in the Biłgoraj region, which became the dominant branch of crafts and trade. In a special way it contributed to the development of the city - its construction, tradition, culture, and in present times to the identity of its current inhabitants. It was due to this industry that the local population of that time travelled to the city and recruited Biłgoraj sieve makers [1]. Unfortunately, as a result of wars, unstable situation in the country, declining profitability of sieves, as well as economic changes, this line of industry collapsed, leaving a small but valuable mark. The last preserved sieve house along with farm buildings is a "sieve farmstead” built in 1810 at Nadstawna 32 St. (formerly called Krasickiego 50 St.) [2] left in its original position, i.e. in situ. The object stood out against the background of wooden buildings due to its rich functional program, characteristic and representative form of the building together with regional architectural details.
Validation of a dynamic simulation program according to EN ISO 15265
Authors: Grudzińska Magdalena
Published: August 2018

EN ISO 15265 is a standard describing validation procedures concerning dynamic simulation programs for evaluation of energy demand in buildings. The validation procedure comprises 12 tests altogether: 4 introductory ones and 8 proper validation tests differing with the assumptions concerning the partition construction, the thermal mass, window shading, external gains and functioning of the installation systems. Some procedures, for instance the calculation of solar radiation incident on the vertical planes, are not clearly described in the standard. The paper presents the discussion of possible interpretations of the procedures included in the standard and the results of validation of a simulation program based on the control volume method.
Analysis of the profitability of a photovoltaic installation in the context of sustainable development of construction
Authors: Kruzel Robert , Helbrych Paweł
Published: August 2018

The article presents the general problem of sustainable development of construction in Poland. The principles of photovoltaic cell operation are discussed depending on the type of panels used. The issue of efficiency is presented on the example of a single cell. The article presents currently available photovoltaic systems, their construction and ways of connecting solar modules. The aim of the study is to analyse the profitability of a photovoltaic installation for individual energy consumers on the example of a household located in an energy district in central Poland. In addition, boundary conditions justifying the economic basis for the construction of photovoltaic power plants producing energy for the own needs of customers have been specified. As a research method, a standard cash flow model was adopted for an investment project consisting in the construction of a photovoltaic installation. The revenues are avoided costs of purchase and distribution of electricity through the production of electricity from PV for the own needs of consumers.
The influence of post-consumer car mats waste on selected concrete parameters
Authors: Pietrzak Alina , Ulewicz Małgorzata
Published: August 2018

In recent years, a systematic increase of various types of wastes has been observed, including polymeric wastes that, to a large degree, are difficult to manage. The present paper deals with the problem of car mats wastes and the possibility of their application for producing concrete composites. The scope of the research involved designing and making concrete mixtures modified by waste rubber retrieved from rubber car mats. For the experiment the authors used: Portland cement CEM I 42,5R, sand, gravel aggregate of the 2-8 and 8-16 fractions, water, plasticizing and aerating admixture and car mats wastes fragmented into 0-2 mm and 2-8 mm. The authors made 4 series of concrete samples modified by wastes, for which the following factors have been assigned: compression strength after 7 and 28 days of maturing, absorptivity, frost resistance F100 of freezing and thawing and bulk density. In two samples’ composition (S1 and S2) the authors used 2-8 mm fraction rubber wastes as a substitute for 2-8 mm gravel in the amount of 5% and 7,5% of the cement bulk, making the density correction of 2-8 gravel. In contrast, in the remaining two samples S3 and S4 were modified by rubber wastes of the 0-8 mm fraction in the amount of 5% and 10%, respectively, of the cement bulk, subtracting a certain amount of the aggravate mixture at the same time. The research conducted for the series of the designed concrete samples, unfortunately did not confirm the thesis that rubber wastes retried from rubber car mats could be reused as the aggravate substitute.
Defensive manor complex in Rzemień as one of the unique objects of cultural landscape of the Podkarpacie region
Authors: Raś Paulina , Pudelska Krystyna , Rojek Kamila
Published: August 2018

Cultural landscape is „the space historically shaped as a result of human activity, including products of human civilization and elements of nature” [1]. The valuable areas of particular historical, artistic and scientific values, which are a sign of the previous epochs, can be found in the present Podkarpacie region, which is the ethnic, political and religious border region. One of the objects of defensive landscape of the Podkarpackie voivodeship is a manor complex in Rzemień. This 15th century knight-fortified tower built among the marshes and wetlands of the Wisłoka River represents a bastion system of the so called Dutch school and it is the oldest preserved part in this historical building. Next to it there is the 19th century manor and park complex of the Szaszkiewicz family. Over the centuries the area and the layout of the whole historical complex has undergone many changes. Currently, it covers the area of 16 ha and since 1971 it has been inscribed in the list of historical monuments of the Podkarpackie voivodeship. Both in the closest surrounding of the oldest castle as well as in the park one can find a valuable tree stand and the remains of historical plants. These are monument trees of over 400 years old (eg. Quercus robur L.). Nowadays, the area of the defensive manor together with soil fortifications is private property. It serves as an example of good protection activities of defensive landscape. This has been confirmed by a distinction which residential-fortified tower with bastion fortifications received in 2014 in „Zabytek Zadbany” competition. The rest of the complex is a garden, which plays an educational role and it belongs to Agriculture School. The aim of the study is to present the preserved cultural and natural values of a defensive manor complex in Rzemień.
The influence of the moisture content in historical masonry walls on the load bearing capacity
Authors: Siewczynska Monika , Ksit Barbara
Published: August 2018

The moisture content in historical masonry walls, particularly on the ground floor, caused by i.e. lack of damp insulation, is a phenomenon of common occurrence. It is usually analysed in terms of mycological changes, thermal insulation and frost damage. The paper discusses the influence of the increased moisture content on the weight and load bearing capacity of the structure. The determination of moisture content in masonry elements, performed during the inspection of the building, provides information from which an increase in the structure's weight can be defined. Reliable tests for the moisture content and compressive strength of masonry and mortar components are invasive, and the number of testing in historical buildings should be limited to the minimum necessary to preserve their vintage nature. As a result, the received overall picture of the work of masonry may not be consistent with its actual state since historical buildings could have been rebuilt or repaired, and consequently, contain masonry conversions made of various materials with different properties. Absorbability can serve here as an example as it is a factor that disrupts a reliable determination of load bearing capacity values of masonry structures. The article attempts to determine the change in load bearing capacity of a moist masonry structure compared to the original - in the air-dry state - for various types of historical masonry and mortar components. The main influence analysed was due to capillary action, whereas the effect of other sources of moisture, i.e. salinity, was excluded.
The feasibility and economic efficiency of selective modernization solutions in a singlefamily house located in Siemianice near Słupsk
Authors: Stolarska Agata , Strzałkowski Jarosław , Szczeciński Michał
Published: August 2018

This study presents the results of the analysis on the energy balance of a single-family residential home built in 1986. The authors assess the proposed construction improvements in terms of their ability to enhance the building's energy efficiency and comfort. The studies were carried out for the needs of the owners who saw the necessity of reducing the maintenance and heating costs of the house and of improving their living conditions. The on-site studies and analyses of the building concerning the calculations for the proposed variants of solutions have pointed to the necessity and relevance of a thermal modernization of the building. The analyses took into consideration the growing requirements of thermal insulation of walls, the EP factor and the growing use of energy from renewable sources. The proposed modernization steps and energy audit calculations helped to select the most efficient solution.
Between aesthetics and functionality. Contemporary using of Photovoltaic Systems to create facades
Authors: Szefer Ilona
Published: August 2018

Buildings consume over 40 % [1] of the yearly demand for energy (in IEA member countries). Therefore, it is important to take this fact into account in the designing process - not only in terms of potential savings but also from the point of view of energy acquisition. That is why the external building finishing has an important influence on the energy balance as it may save thermal energy and convert sunlight directly into electricity. It is generally believed that the façade is the showcase of the building. An increasingly common concept for effective building facades, not only those newly-created but also after refurbishment, is photovoltaic panels. Regenerative energy production and architectural designing possibilities are no longer an obstacle. Due to a growing range of available cell technologies (polycrystalline, monocrystalline, high-efficiency and semitransparent), as well as designs (colors, overprints) and parameters (weight, power), their integration with building envelope is not longer an issue. Contemporary Photovoltiaics are designed and manufactured to meet the requirements of designers, builders, investors and the owners. The multifunctionality allows for energy production, as well as for shading, lighting contron and thermal insulation. Using Photovoltiaic systems eneables to create an unique facade construction as well as design.
Characteristics of multi-annual variation of precipitation in areas particularly exposed to extreme phenomena. Part 2. The upper and middle Oder river basin
Authors: Twaróg Bernard
Published: August 2018

The study contains an analysis of precipitation, covering multiple profiles and based on the GPCC database that provides monthly mean values for the territory upper and middle Oder catchment. The analysis includes data for the period 1901-2010 with a spatial resolution of 0.5° ×°0.5° of geographic longitude and latitude. The following sections include a data analysis in monthly profiles and hydrological cycle profiles, taking into account hydrological summer and hydrological winter. A cluster analysis is also included, with drought and flood periods indicated. The periodical nature of precipitation is assessed and the trends in climate changes calculated.
Bentonite clay suspension -coagulation process and identification of properties
Authors: Warzecha Piotr , Hilger Bartłomiej , Różycki Sławomir
Published: August 2018

The main aim of the research presented in this paper is study of volume coagulation of bentonite suspension. Investigation of physical properties included measurement of particle size distribution, chemical and phase analysis of prepared suspension, as well as preparation of sedimentation test graph and determination of dependence between concentration of the suspension and turbidity of the suspension. Relationship between coagulant dose and concentration was also determined during this analysis. This research could help in determination of critical coagulation concentration duringanalysis of coagulation process. Also it could be used duringsimulations of distribution of suspension in high - performance sedimentation settling tanks for suspension of similar origin in water treatment process.
The transport properties of cement mortars subjected to freeze-thaw cycles
Authors: Wieczorek Alicja , Koniorczyk Marcin , Bednarska Dalia , Grabowska Kalina
Published: August 2018

The parameters characterizing the microstructure of cementbased materials, such as porosity or permeability, determine not only durability, but also risk of degradation of the cement matrix due to an aggressive environment. The report presents results of a research on transport properties of cement mortars subjected to cyclic water freezing. Mortars prepared on the basis of two different cements were the object of the research: Portland cement CEM I 42.5R and Portland blast-furnace slag cement CEM III/A 42.5N LH/HSR/NA, with two water-cement ratio (w/c=0.45 and 0.40). The experimental study was carried out in order to determine the relationship between intrinsic permeability and the water absorption coefficient in relation to the number of freeze-thaw cycles. The evolution of transport coefficients was determined using a capillary absorption test and the modified RILEM-Cembureau method. It was established that the degradation processes induced an increase of transport properties. Moreover, the microcracks had a more significant influence on permeability and lesser influence on the water absorption coefficient. The gas permeability of damaged mortar changed very significantly, an increase with several orders of magnitude could be noticed. Moreover, the positive impact of CEM III on ice-induced degradation was also visible.
Selected EPs in the water of certain Polish lakes and rivers
Authors: Ziembowicz Sabina , Kida Małgorzata , Koszelnik Piotr
Published: August 2018

Negative and effectively “irreversible” changes in the environment have often been caused by one or more factors including the intensive development of new technologies, progressing urbanisation and - above all - insufficient knowledge of the properties and toxic effects of many chemicals used. Hundreds of non-natural compounds capable of exerting a negative effect on the natural environment have now been identified in it, including within the broad categories of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Such new and emerging pollutants pose a serious threat to living organisms on account of their tendency to accumulate in certain parts of the environment. Furthermore, the substances in question may prove toxic and harmful to human beings and the environment even at low concentrations. Work described here thus had as its objective an analysis of the pollution of surface water in Poland in terms of content of organic compounds in general, and the aforementioned emerging organic pollutants in particular. Results confirm the presence in waters of such substances as phthalic esters, polybrominated diphenylethers, and organic tin compounds. Reference to average values for individual parameters in the cases of different rivers and lakes further show that, as of 2014-15, the various Polish surface waters researched were characterised by similar levels of pollution, other than in the case of naphthalene.
Research Data Management in India: A Pilot Study
Authors: Anilkumar Nishtha
Published: August 2018

Data is a by-product of the research process where published results are the output. More and more research institutes are getting interested in this by-product. Data could be in the form of statistics, experimental results, observational data, interview recordings, etc. Organizing the varied forms of data is a challenge for any institute. This is particularly so in the present scenario of constantly changing technologies for data storage and retrieval. The funding agencies are making it mandatory to archive these datasets so that these can be preserved for the posterity and / or re-used by others. Libraries, as a part of the research institutes, seem to be well equipped to organize and manage these datasets. The author undertook the present study to find the level of involvement of libraries in ‘data management’ in India. A survey was done to assess the awareness about data curation, data archival policies, infrastructure required, technologies used, etc. The survey sample consisted of 15 national research / academic institutes in India. The study showed that libraries’ role in data management in research / academic institutes was still at a very early stage of development in India.
Progress of Astronomy in India: A Scientometric Study base on paper published during 1991 – 1995 and 2011 – 2015
Authors: Kumar Rai Vijay , Senger K.P. S. , Lohiya Rajesh K
Published: August 2018

Astronomy is the oldest of the natural sciences. It is well known that the period covering about seven centuries, from Aryabhata to Bhaskaracharya II (c. 476-1150), was the golden age of Indian astronomy. In the present study, we identify research trends and the growth of knowledge in the field of astronomy science research. The study is an essential tool to measure the scientific publications in the field. This study analyses the publications of astronomy research in India published during 1991-1995 and 2011-2015. The study assesses how astronomy progresses in India and its impact is reflected in the science citation index over the period 1991-1995 and 2011-2015. The publication output has been analyzed using quantitative and qualitative indicators, such as progress in research article publishing, change in authorship patterns, citation patterns during 1991-1995 and 2011-2015, articles that received the most citations, and international collaboration with other countries. Further, the study investigated highly prolific authors and highly preferred journals. The author is from one of the FORSA institutes, therefore the study includes a separate ranking for FORSA institutes in term of output as well citations.
Polvere di stelle The Italian platform for data-sharing and data-preserving of modern and ancient astronomical resources
Authors: Gargano Mauro , Gasperini Antonella , Schiavone Luisa , Brunetti Francesca
Published: August 2018

Polvere di stelle(Stardust) is the web portal of the National Institute for Astrophysics(INAF) dedicated to the Italian astronomical libraries, archives and museums. It offers different tools and databases created to support astronomical research and increase the value of one of the richest astronomical heritages in the world.

In a single virtual space one can find useful tools for sharing digital resources and other services for current research. Besides the OPAC, consisting of bibliographic data of ancientand modern books and serials, the portal offers to astronomers, scholars, students, amateur astronomers and historians of science the possibility to search at the same time other databases: manuscripts, instruments, archival documents and biographies of astronomers. Furthermore, a digital showcase of rare books plays a relevant role in the portal.

This paper illustrates the ongoing developments and perspectives ofPolvere di stelle.