bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Lorenz’s Models from 1960 to 2008
Authors: Shen Bo-Wen
Published: September 2023

This review presents an overview of Lorenz models between 1960 and 2008, classified into six categories based on different types of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). These models have made significant contributions to our understanding of chaos, the butterfly effect, attractor coexistence, and intransitivity (or “almost intransitivity”) across various scientific fields.

[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Type I models include the influential Lorenz 1963 model and generalized Lorenz models. The classical Lorenz model laid the groundwork for chaos theory by revealing the sensitivity to initial conditions and chaotic behavior. Generalized Lorenz models were developed to examine the dependence of chaos on the number of Fourier modes and to illustrate attractor coexistence.

[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Type II models were derived from two-layer, quasi-geostrophic systems. These models investigated nonlinear oscillations and irregular solutions. Based on these models, in 1960, Lorenz first presented nonperiodic solutions. Type III models include the Lorenz 1960 and 1969 models, derived from a vorticity-conserved PDE. These models shed light on nonlinear oscillatory solutions, linearly unstable solutions, and the predictability estimates of the atmosphere. However, recent studies have raised doubts regarding the validity of the two-week predictability limit.

[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Type IV models, based on shallow water equations, have advanced our understanding of the coexistence of slow and fast variables. Type V models, which include models not based on specific PDEs, include the Lorenz 1984 and 1996 models used for studying intransitivity and investigating data assimilation techniques.

[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Type VI models, involving difference equations, have proven effective in demonstrating chaos and intransitivity across diverse fields. Interestingly, Lorenz’s early work in 1964 and 1969 employed the Logistic map, appearing earlier than significant studies in the 1970s.

[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]In summary, the study of Lorenz models has deepened our understanding of chaos, attractor coexistence, and intransitivity (or “almost intransitivity”). Future research directions may involve exploring higher-dimensional models, utilizing advanced mathematical and computational techniques, and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations to further advance our comprehension and the prediction of capabilities regarding coexisting chaotic and nonchaotic phenomena, as well as regime changes.
Solving the Regularized Schamel Equation by the Singular Planar Dynamical System Method and the Deep Learning Method
Authors: Li Kebing , Zhou Yuqian , Liu Qian , Zhang Shengning , Yi Xueqiong
Published: September 2023

In this paper, two methods are applied to solve the regularized Schamel equation. Firstly, by using the singular planar dynamical system method, we discover its peakon structure which was not reported before. We also derive some new explicit traveling wave solutions of this equation, including various solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions and compactons. Especially, for the first time, we find the W-shape solitary wave solutions and W-shape periodic wave solutions of the equation. Then, in order to discover more wave phenomena, a deep learning framework is introduced to solve complicated initial boundary value problems of this equation. In comparison with the exact solutions given previously, our deep learning framework is reliable and highly accurate in capturing the dynamical behavior of the traveling wave solutions of the equation. As an application, we use it to solve a specific initial boundary value problem and obtain a new data-driven solution.
Collective alpha-mode in the structure of heavy and superheavy nuclei
Authors: Jolos R. V. , Kolganova E. A. , Nikoghosyan G.
Published: September 2023

A simple collective model for description of the effect of the alpha-cluster degree of freedom in the structure of heavy and superheavy nuclei is suggested. The alpha-chains of nuclei based on some of the Pb isotopes are considered. It is shown based on the experimental data on nuclear binding energies that the effect of the strong coupling of the alpha-mode and the octupole correlations in Rn, Ra, Th and U isotopes is manifested. The excited states associated with the alpha-cluster degree of freedom are considered and their excitation energies are estimated as being larger than 1.7[Formula: see text]MeV. This corresponds to [Formula: see text]-decay probability from the ground state to these states 4–7 orders of magnitude less than [Formula: see text]-decay between the ground states. Although, their structure is determined by the same dynamical variable as the structure of the ground states.
The Biggest Five of Reverse Mathematics
Authors: Normann Dag , Sanders Sam
Published: September 2023

The aim of Reverse Mathematics (RM for short) is to find the minimal axioms needed to prove a given theorem of ordinary mathematics. These minimal axioms are almost always equivalent to the theorem, working over the base theory of RM, a weak system of computable mathematics. The Big Five phenomenon of RM is the observation that a large number of theorems from ordinary mathematics are either provable in the base theory or equivalent to one of only four systems; these five systems together are called the ‘Big Five’. The aim of this paper is to greatly extend the Big Five phenomenon as follows: there are two supposedly fundamentally different approaches to RM where the main difference is whether the language is restricted to second-order objects or if one allows third-order objects. In this paper, we unite these two strands of RM by establishing numerous equivalences involving the second-order Big Five systems on one hand, and well-known third-order theorems from analysis about (possibly) discontinuous functions on the other hand. We both study relatively tame notions, like cadlag or Baire 1, and potentially wild ones, like quasi-continuity. We also show that slight generalizations and variations of the aforementioned third-order theorems fall far outside of the Big Five.
Disk Model Effect for Road Surface Roughness Using Convolution Method
Authors: Yang Der-Shen , Zhang Qianhui , Xu Hao , Sagoe-Crentsil Kwesi , Duan Wenhui
Published: September 2023

In most related studies on road surface roughness, the vehicle’s wheel is often using a contact point model rather than a disk model. This results in neglecting the wheel’s size and interaction with the road. Consequently, the vehicle’s response may not be genuinely reflected, especially for the massive topic of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH). Unlike the existing approach targeting the power spectrum, this paper proposes a new convolution method to tackle the disk effect and operates directly on the spatial domain, i.e. road surface roughness. By using a designed periphery function, it can simulate the wheel geometry passing through road surface roughness. The periphery function acts as a filter to the road surface roughness that can filter out smaller oscillations. Some examples involving roughness from ISO 8608 standards were tested. It is shown herein that the proposed method can match the theoretical result (using the geometry method (GM)) not only in the spatial domain but also in the power spectral density (PSD). Since the convolution is performed under the spatial domain, the proposed method can directly apply the disk model to any existing road surface roughness with different spectral compositions in practice. Understanding the disk effect reduces the higher frequency of the vehicle’s response depending on roughness severity, which may significantly impact the vehicle design for ride comfort, road surface roughness extraction, bridge health monitoring using the drive-by method, etc.
A Geometrically Exact Beam Finite Element for Non-Prismatic Strip Beams: The Spatial Case
Authors: Gonçalves Rodrigo
Published: September 2023

A new beam finite element for non-prismatic (tapered and curved) beams with thin rectangular cross-section (“strip” beams) is proposed in this paper. The element is geometrically exact and constitutes the extension, to the large 3D displacement and rotation setting, of those proposed by the author for the 2D [R. Gonçalves, Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn. 23 (2022) 2350037] and linearized lateral-torsional buckling [R. Gonçalves, Int. J. Struct. Stab. Dyn. 23(12) (2023) 2350139] cases. The element incorporates torsion-related warping, as well as arbitrary mid-line warping, and allows nonlinear tapered geometries, arbitrary initially curved configurations (including pre-twist) and eccentric loads (loads offset from the centroid). All expressions required to implement the proposed element are given in a straightforward vector/matrix format. Several numerical tests are presented to show that the element has a very good predictive capability and a low computational cost, when compared with solutions obtained with refined shell finite element meshes, even for members with a high taper ratio and initial curvature.
Continuity in law for solutions of SPDES with space-time homogeneous Gaussian noise
Authors: Balan Raluca M. , Liang Xiao
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we study the continuity in law of the solutions of two linear multiplicative SPDEs (the parabolic Anderson model and the hyperbolic Anderson model) with respect to the spatial parameter of the noise. The solution is interpreted in the Skorohod sense, using Malliavin calculus. We consider two cases: (i) the regular noise, whose spatial covariance is given by the Riesz kernel of order [Formula: see text], in spatial dimension [Formula: see text]; (ii) the rough noise, which is fractional in space with Hurst index [Formula: see text], in spatial dimension [Formula: see text]. We assume that the noise is colored in time.
On λ-k-skew Lie product involving commuting additive maps on prime ∗-algebras
Authors: Khan Abdul Nadim , Ali Shakir , Raza Mohd Arif , Alhazmi Husain
Published: September 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be an ∗-algebra and [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], the product defined by [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], is called [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-skew Lie product of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. This paper discusses some useful characteristics of [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-skew Lie products on prime ∗-algebras. Moreover, we investigate the effects of an additive map [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] with a [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-skew Lie product.
Galois correspondence for Galois coverings of tropical curves
Authors: JuAe Song
Published: September 2023

We define Galois coverings of tropical curves for which a Galois correspondence and a universal mapping property hold.
Some compactly supported Riesz wavelets associated to any Ed(2)(ℤ) dilation
Authors: Arenas-Blázquez M. L. , San Antolín A.
Published: September 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a [Formula: see text] dilation matrix with integer entries and with determinant [Formula: see text]. The existence of Riesz wavelets with compact support associated to [Formula: see text] is proved. Our proof is constructive and the generators of these Riesz wavelets may be taken to be symmetric, with high regularity and many vanishing moments. In our construction, we first study the structure of the quotient group [Formula: see text]. Afterwards and perhaps the main advance in this paper is the fact that we obtain a family of trigonometric polynomials on [Formula: see text] with zeros only in [Formula: see text]. At this point, we are able to get scaling functions with compact support of a multiresolution analysis. In addition, Riesz wavelets with compact support hold by standard multiresolution techniques. Finally, we give some examples of Riesz wavelets where we emphasize on a numerical estimation of their regularity.
Symbolic calculus and M-ellipticity of pseudo-differential operators on ℤn
Authors: Kumar Vishvesh , Mondal Shyam Swarup
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we introduce and study a class of pseudo-differential operators on the lattice [Formula: see text]. More preciously, we consider a weighted symbol class [Formula: see text] associated to a suitable weight function [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text]. We study elements of the symbolic calculus for pseudo-differential operators associated with [Formula: see text] by deriving formulae for the composition, adjoint and transpose. We define the notion of [Formula: see text]-ellipticity for symbols belonging to [Formula: see text] and construct the parametrix of [Formula: see text]-elliptic pseudo-differential operators. Further, we investigate the minimal and maximal extensions for [Formula: see text]-elliptic pseudo-differential operators and show that they coincide on [Formula: see text] subject to the [Formula: see text]-ellipticity of symbols. We also determine the domains of the minimal and maximal operators. Finally, we discuss Fredholmness and compute the index of [Formula: see text]-elliptic pseudo-differential operators on [Formula: see text].
Spectroscopic Assessment of Electron Temperature and Density of Open-Air FHG Laser-Induced Zinc Titanium Plasma
Authors: Muhammed Emad J. , Abbas Ahmed K.
Published: September 2023

This work used spectroscopic plasma emission analysis to investigate the parameters of ZnTi plasma formed in the atmosphere by a Q-switched Nd:YAG nanosecond laser system emitting infrared (1064 nm) laser light with an energy output spanning 200-500 mJ. The spectrometer was used to examine and record the emission spectrum profiles of (ZnTi), which helped to extract crucial plasma characteristics (i.e., [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The electron density was measured using the Stark broadening, and the plasma temperature was calculated using the Boltzmann plot technique. The electron temperature was between 2.04 and 2.15 eV, and the electron density was between (15.72 and 18.99) × 10[Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text]. The Debye length ([Formula: see text], the number of particles in the Debye sphere ([Formula: see text], and the plasma frequency ([Formula: see text] can all be estimated from the electron temperature ([Formula: see text] and the electron density ([Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text].
Effect of Plasma Liquid on Colloidal (CoNPs) and (PtNPs) Nanostructures Produced by Laser Ablation Technique for Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Khamees Entidhar Jasim , Al-Rubaye Shaymaa , Gençyılmaz Olcay , Ahmed Rafea T. , Mohammed Kahtan A. , Krishna Alla Naveen
Published: September 2023

In this work, the biological and physical properties of colloidal platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) and cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) were examined for antibacterial applications. The colloidal PtNPs and CoNPs were produced using two different liquids (double-distilled water (DDW) and Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM)) by laser ablation technique (PLAL). Characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used to determine some physical properties of PtNPs and CoNPs. The antibacterial effects of colloidal PtNPs and CoNPs at different doses on various bacteria were investigated and their antibacterial activity resistances were calculated by measuring the inhibition zone widths. The effect of the liquid used in the production, the type of bacteria and dose amounts on the antibacterial resistance of these nanoparticles (NPs) were determined. In this study, it has been shown that the liquid used in the production of PtNPs and CoNPs can create significant changes in the physical and antibacterial properties of NP, especially by changing the size and concentration of colloidal PtNPs.
Improvement of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Various Quantities of Ruta Leaf Extract
Authors: Naeem Ghasan Adnan , Majeed Muataz A. , Khalil Souad Ghafori
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study is to optimize the Green synthesis of AgNPs using various quantities (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75 ml) of Ruta leaf extracts, the biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using several methods such as UV-Vis spectrum, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), FESEM, EDX analysis, DLS and zeta potential. The examination of the visible and ultraviolet spectra revealed an absorption peak in the region of 405–420 nm. Through the use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the functional groups that were found in the Ruta plant extract were analyzed in order to locate the components that were accountable for reducing the silver nitrate. Through XRD, which occurs in the form of (111) lattice planes in the face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of metallic silver, the biosynthesized AgNPs were a semispherical shape with a nanoscale size ranging between 30–50 nm and moderately stable at −22.53 mV and −25.88 mV. From the results of the tests, it was found from results that the optimum value for the extract volume is (1.5 ml) to show the optimal properties of silver nanoparticles.
Window Fabrication of Zinc Selenide Nanostructures: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Abdalameer Nisreen Kh. , Mazhir Sabah N. , Swadi Israa R. , Abdulkareem Farah A. , Chasb Aseel A.
Published: September 2023

Zinc selenide (ZnSe) nanostructure’s optical and structural characteristics were investigated in this study. Pulse laser deposition of thin films on glass substrates was achieved using an Nd:YAG laser (wavelength 1064 nm) at different laser powers (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mJ) with fixed pulses 100 pulses, repetition rate 6 Hz and distance 10 cm between laser and the substrate with a thickness of films 200 nm. An atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction method were used to research the impact of altering the laser intensity on the structural characteristics. A branched (100) polycrystalline type and a plane (111) and branched (100) polycrystalline type are prevalent (002). In addition, AFM measurements further revealed that the smallest granular size achieved at high laser power was 48.40 nm at 100 mJ. The findings showed that it is possible to construct nanostructures with medium grain sizes of alumina (72.99 nm). The study of the relationship between laser energy and nanostructure optical characteristics was explored and it was discovered that the transitions had a specific range of 2.83–3.10 eV.
A Splitting Nearly-Analytic Symplectic Partitioned Runge–Kutta Method for Solving 2D Elastic Wave Equations
Authors: Yun Nam , Sim Chol , Kim JuWon
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we present a new splitting nearly-analytic symplectic partitioned Runge–Kutta (SNSPRK) method for the two-dimensional (2D) elastic wave equations. It is an extension to elastic wave equation of our recent work on the locally one-dimensional nearly-analytic symplectic partitioned Runge–Kutta (LOD-NSPRK) method for the 2D acoustic wave equations. The method is based on the spatial differential operator-split technique, in which the resulting spatial discrete matrices are symmetric unlike the conventional nearly-analytic symplectic partitioned Runge–Kutta (NSPRK) method. The stability condition is given, which has more relax restriction for the time step than the NSPRK schemes. To show the performance of the new method, numerical experiments are given. Numerical results illustrate that the SNSPRK method has better long-term calculation capability as time proceeds than the NSPRK method.
Anisotropic dark energy models in f(R,Lm)-gravity
Authors: Zeyauddin M. , Dixit Archana , Pradhan Anirudh
Published: September 2023

In this investigation, we have observed an anisotropic Bianchi type-I dark energy universe model in [Formula: see text] gravity with observational constraints, where [Formula: see text] is an arbitrary function of Ricci-scalar curvature [Formula: see text] and matter Lagrangian [Formula: see text]. For our investigation, we have considered a specific form of this function as [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] as model free parameters and [Formula: see text] is the “cosmological constant”. We have solved the field equations analytically and established a relationship between energy parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and obtained Hubble function [Formula: see text] in terms of redshift [Formula: see text]. We have compared this Hubble function with two observational datasets Union 2.1 plus bined and [Formula: see text] for obtaining the best fit values of model parameters and energy parameters, by applying [Formula: see text]-test. We have analyzed and discussed the results using these best fit values throughout the paper. We have found a accelerating transit phase phantom dark energy model which tends to [Formula: see text]CDM model at late-time universe.
Global stability of a quasilinear predator–prey model with indirect pursuit–evasion interaction
Authors: Wan Chuanjia , Zheng Pan , Shan Wenhai
Published: September 2023

This paper deals with a predator–prey model with indirect prey-taxis and predator-taxis [Formula: see text] under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a smoothly bounded domain [Formula: see text], where the parameters [Formula: see text] are positive, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are nonlinear diffusion functions, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are nonlinear sensitivity functions. First, under certain suitable conditions for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], the system admits a unique globally bounded classical solution, provided that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Additionally, by constructing appropriate Lyapunov functionals, we investigate the asymptotic stability of the globally bounded solutions and provide the exact convergence rates based on the different parameter choices:

When [Formula: see text], it is shown that the global bounded solution [Formula: see text] exponentially converges to [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text]; When [Formula: see text], it is shown that the global bounded solution [Formula: see text] exponentially converges to [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text]; When [Formula: see text], it is shown that the global bounded solution [Formula: see text] algebraically converges to [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text].
Molecular Docking and Dynamics Identify Potential Drugs to be Repurposed as SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors
Authors: Muzaffar-Ur-Rehman Mohammed , Suryakant Chougule Kishore , Chandu Ala , Kumar Banoth Karan , Joshi Renuka Parshuram , Jadav Snehal Rajkumar , Sankaranarayanan Murugesan , Vasan Seshadri S.
Published: September 2023

The novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has resulted in an estimated 20 million excess deaths and the recent resurgence of COVID-19 in China is predicted to result in up to 1 million deaths over the next few months. With vaccines being ineffective in the case of immunocompromised patients, it is important to continue our quest for safe, effective and affordable drugs that will be available to all countries. Drug repurposing is one of the strategies being explored in this context. Recently, out of the 7817 drugs approved worldwide, 214 candidates were systematically down-selected using a combination of 11 filters including FDA/TGA approval status, assay data against SARS-CoV-2, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicity profiles. These down-selected drugs were subjected in this study to virtual screening against various SARS-CoV-2 targets followed by molecular dynamics studies of the best scoring ligands against each target. The chosen molecular targets were spike receptor binding domain, nucleocapsid protein RNA binding domain and key nonstructural proteins 3, 5 and 12–14. Four drugs approved for other indications — alendronate, cromolyn, natamycin and treprostinil — look sufficiently promising from our in-silico studies to warrant further in-vitro and in-vivo investigations as appropriate to ascertain their extent of antiviral activities.
Application-Oriented Homogeneous Control Protocol Design for Multi-Agent Systems Under Input Constraints
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Soni Sandeep Kumar , Zheng Gang , Boutat Driss
Published: September 2023

An application-oriented homogeneous control protocol is proposed to solve the consensus problem of multi-agent system (MAS) modeled by higher-order integrator. This nonlinear control protocol is able to homogenize the linear system with a special degree called homogeneity degree. This homogeneous control protocol ensures asymptotically/finite-time stable multi-agent systems (MASs) (or fixed-time attractive to compact sets containing the origin) by selecting different homogeneity degrees. If the linear control protocol for each agent is provided, the proposed nonlinear homogeneous control protocol in this paper can be easily implemented without requiring any tuning of the control parameters. A bounded homogeneous control protocol, which is a special form of the controller proposed, is also introduced to address the same problem with input constraints. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
FPGA-based Deep Learning Inference Accelerators: Where Are We Standing?
Authors: Nechi Anouar , Groth Lukas , Mulhem Saleh , Merchant Farhad , Buchty Rainer , Berekovic Mladen
Published: September 2023

Recently, artificial intelligence applications have become part of almost all emerging technologies around us. Neural networks, in particular, have shown significant advantages and have been widely adopted over other approaches in machine learning. In this context, high processing power is deemed a fundamental challenge and a persistent requirement. Recent solutions facing such a challenge deploy hardware platforms to provide high computing performance for neural networks and deep learning algorithms. This direction is also rapidly taking over the market. Here, FPGAs occupy the middle ground regarding flexibility, reconfigurability, and efficiency compared to general-purpose CPUs, GPUs, on one side, and manufactured ASICs on the other. FPGA-based accelerators exploit the features of FPGAs to increase the computing performance for specific algorithms and algorithm features. Filling a gap, we provide holistic benchmarking criteria and optimization techniques that work across several classes of deep learning implementations. This article summarizes the current state of deep learning hardware acceleration: More than 120 FPGA-based neural network accelerator designs are presented and evaluated based on a matrix of performance and acceleration criteria, and corresponding optimization techniques are presented and discussed. In addition, the evaluation criteria and optimization techniques are demonstrated by benchmarking ResNet-2 and LSTM-based accelerators.
EFX Exists for Three Agents
Authors: Chaudhury Bhaskar Ray , Garg Jugal , Mehlhorn Kurt
Published: September 2023

We study the problem of distributing a set of indivisible goods among agents with additive valuations in a
fair
manner. The fairness notion under consideration is envy-freeness up to
any
good (EFX). Despite significant efforts by many researchers for several years, the existence of EFX allocations has not been settled beyond the simple case of two agents. In this article, we show constructively that an EFX allocation always exists for three agents. Furthermore, we falsify the conjecture of Caragiannis et al. by showing an instance with three agents for which there is a partial EFX allocation (some goods are not allocated) with higher Nash welfare than that of any complete EFX allocation.
Research on the Diversification of Language Ability in Applied Linguistics and Foreign Linguistics Based on New Media
Authors: Xu Jin
Published: September 2023

In order to improve the research effect of the diversification of language ability in applied linguistics and foreign linguistics, this paper conducts research on the diversification of language ability in applied linguistics and foreign linguistics based on new media and intelligent data processing technology. In the process of language learning data processing, combining the adjacency degree and the network structure entropy, this paper proposes the adjacency structure entropy based on the super network to identify the key nodes in the super network. Moreover, this paper applies this indicator to the competitive hypernetwork, and accurately obtains the key nodes of the hypernetwork. In addition, this paper constructs a scientific research cooperation hypernetwork, and applies the adjacency structure entropy in the hypernetwork to this dataset. From the experimental research, it can be seen that the algorithm proposed in this paper can play a certain role in the diversification analysis of linguistic ability in linguistics and foreign linguistics. At the same time, the model proposed in this paper has a certain effect on the diversification of language ability in applied linguistics and foreign linguistics.
The Influence of the Other-Race Effect on Susceptibility to Face Morphing Attacks
Authors: Mallick Snipta , Jeckeln Géraldine , Parde Connor J. , Castillo Carlos D. , O’toole Alice J.
Published: September 2023

Facial morphs created between two identities resemble both of the faces used to create the morph. Consequently, humans and machines are prone to mistake morphs made from two identities for either of the faces used to create the morph. This vulnerability has been exploited in “morph attacks” in security scenarios. Here, we asked whether the “other-race effect” (ORE)—the human advantage for identifying own- vs. other-race faces—exacerbates morph attack susceptibility for humans. We also asked whether face-identification performance in a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is affected by the race of morphed faces. Caucasian (CA) and East-Asian (EA) participants performed a face-identity matching task on pairs of CA and EA face images in two conditions. In the morph condition, different-identity pairs consisted of an image of identity “A” and a 50/50 morph between images of identity “A” and “B”. In the baseline condition, morphs of different identities never appeared. As expected, morphs were identified mistakenly more often than original face images. Of primary interest, morph identification was substantially worse for cross-race faces than for own-race faces. Similar to humans, the DCNN performed more accurately for original face images than for morphed image pairs. Notably, the deep network proved substantially more accurate than humans in both cases. The results point to the possibility that DCNNs might be useful for improving face identification accuracy when morphed faces are presented. They also indicate the significance of the race of a face in morph attack susceptibility in applied settings.
The Group Folding Effect: The Role of Collaborative Process Structuring and Social Interaction in Group Work
Authors: Ez-Zaouia Mohamed , Carrillo Rubiela
Published: September 2023

Group work involves a myriad of complex processes encompassing social, perceptual, cognitive, and contextual factors. However, there is a lack of empirical research on computer-supported
group work processes
and their impact on outcomes at different stages of group work, especially when creativity and quality of outcomes are significant. Group work processes can interfere and hinder productivity, which we refer to as the
“group folding effect.”
We designed a three-stage
process structuring
to enhance group work productivity. In a field study, we examined how process structuring shapes productivity in two sub-studies: design and peer feedback, each with 40 participants (N = 40). The results revealed that process structuring significantly improved both the quantity and quality of productivity. Additionally, process structuring appeared to reduce inhibitory effects of group work, such as negative priming, fixation on familiar ideas, and social comparison. We discuss the implications of this research in supporting productive group work processes in collaborative tools and insights into a pattern of the group folding effect.
Developing Self-Management of Type 1 Diabetes in the Australian School Setting: Perspectives of Adolescent Involvement in Sharing Responsibility for Diabetes Management
Authors: Gardener Lisa , Desha Laura , Bourke-Taylor Helen M.
Published: September 2023

The International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes has identified school as a critical context for adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who typically hold a fluctuating, though growing, amount of responsibility for diabetes self-management across this time. When parents use frequent autonomy-supportive communication to maintain a mutually agreeable sharing of responsibility for diabetes management with their adolescent, better outcomes are achieved. There is, however, a dearth of research examining the way adolescent responsibility is managed at school. This cross-sectional study investigated adolescents’ perspectives of sharing responsibility for T1D management at school and the extent to which these were concordant with parent perceptions. Sixty adolescents (10–19 years) and fifty-five parents completed questionnaires measuring the perceived impact of diabetes on adolescents’ school activities and respective involvement in the management of responsibility for school-based diabetes care. Adolescent questionnaires also measured perceptions of autonomy supportiveness (Health Care Climate Questionnaire) and communication quality (frequency, mode, autonomy), in relation to diabetes management. Differences by age and inter-rater agreement between parent and adolescent dyads were examined. Results showed that parents and adolescents did not agree about their relative involvement in setting up diabetes management strategies or the impact of diabetes on school activities. There was no difference in the involvement of older adolescents relative to younger students. Adolescents predominantly communicated about school diabetes care in person, though some reported no communication with school staff (25%) or healthcare workers (36%). Only thirty nine (65%) reported having a diabetes school plan. Nineteen (32%) perceived little or no involvement in setting up diabetes care strategies for the year and most had not attended a school-related meeting. These results suggest more explicit inclusion of adolescents in formal school support strategies may better represent their unique perceptions of responsibility, enabling the consensual sharing of responsibility that is associated with better outcomes.
The Relationship between Axis Length Difference and Refractive Error in Unilateral Myopic Anisometropic Children Treated with Orthokeratology
Authors: Sun Lu , Li Zheng-Xuan , Wang Shi-Peng , Song Hong-Xin
Published: September 2023

Purpose. To explore the correlation between the axial length (AL) difference (myopic and nonmyopic eye) and the refractive error in children with unilateral myopia anisometropia (UMA) and to elucidate its clinical application in the process of Ortho‐K lenses review following nonstop wearing. Methods. This study retrospectively analyzed the data of 70 children with UMA (age, 8–15 years) whose myopic eyes were treated with Ortho‐K lenses. The spherical equivalent refractive errors (SERE) of the myopic eye ranged from −0.75 D to −4.25 D, and astigmatism was no less than −1.50 D. In addition, SERE of nonmyopic eyes were no less than −0.50 D. AL, and the refractive data of both eyes were measured at baseline. A multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between the AL difference and refractive error, and paired t‐test was used to analyze the changes in AL in both eyes. Results. Every 1 mm axial length change corresponds to −1.627 D (95% CI: −1.921 D, −1.333 D; P < 0.001) change in refractive error in children. The association between the AL change and the degree of myopia did not change with age (P = 0.751). Among the 70 subjects, 51 (72.86%) had myopia in the right eye, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) for myopia occurring in the right eye was 62.4%–83.3%. The paired t‐test showed that the average AL growth was significantly slower in myopic eyes treated with Ortho‐K lenses than in nonmyopic eyes (t = 9.805, P < 0.001). Conclusion. Every 1 mm AL change would cause an average refractive error increase. Age did not influence the association between AL changes and the degree of myopia. The right eye is more likely to be affected in children with UMA. The Ortho‐K lens treatment slowed down the growth of AL in the myopic eye in children with UMA.
Evaluating Plant Leaf Tinctures against Maize Weevils (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.) in Stored Maize (Zea mays L.) under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Gatew Shetie , Chalew Abrham
Published: September 2023

Maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) are commonly stored grain pests of economic importance in several parts of Africa. A huge amount of synthetic pesticides is being used for the management of crop pests, which have many negative effects on the biotic and abiotic components of the environment. Plant-derived pesticides, on the other hand, are safe for the environment, affect only target insects, have a low application cost, and are easily biodegradable. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of ethanol leaf tinctures of four selected botanicals against S. zeamais: Brucea antidysenterica (J.) (Waginos), Croton macrostachyus (Hochst.) (broad-leaved croton), Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) (Boston fern), and Carica papaya (L.) (papaya). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four different concentrations (0 mL, 2.5 mL, 5 mL, and 7.5 mL) and four plant leaf tinctures in three replicates. A random sample of 300 g of clean maize seed was treated with the four selected botanicals in plastic jars covered with a muslin cloth. Twenty adult maize weevils were introduced into each disinfected, treated, and untreated maize grain. The mortality rate, grain damage, and F1 progeny emergences were assessed and analyzed using SPSS software version 25. The highest (100%) mortality rate of S. zeamais was recorded for maize seeds treated with the leaf tincture of B. antidysenterica, followed by maize seeds treated with the leaf tincture of C. papaya (97.5%) at an application rate of 7.5 mL/300 g. The mean weight loss of the seeds showed a significant variation between the treatments. The mean weight loss of the seeds in the control (8.96%) was higher than the total mean weight loss treated by all plant leaf tinctures (3.66%). The emergence of F1 progeny of S. zeamais on maize grains showed significant differences among the treatments. The highest emergence (100%) of F1 progenies was recorded for the control treatment followed by C. macrostachyus (16.65%) at a rate of 2.5 mL/300 g maize grain treatment. The study concluded that B. antidysenterica and C. papaya tinctures had the potential to control the infestation of maize grains by S. zeamais.
Underpinning Terroir with Data: Integrating Vineyard Performance Metrics with Soil and Climate Data to Better Understand Within-Region Variation in Marlborough, New Zealand
Authors: Bramley R. G. V. , Ouzman J. , Sturman A. P. , Grealish G. J. , Ratcliff C. E. M. , Trought M. C. T.
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims. Previous work in Australia has demonstrated the value of data-driven approaches to terroir analysis but, like other terroir research, focussed predominantly on the natural resources (soils, topography, and climate) on which winegrowing depends. In only very few cases have metrics of production performance also been considered. In this study, focussed on the Marlborough region of New Zealand, we integrated data pertaining to vineyard performance with biophysical data (soils and climate) describing the conditions under which grapes are grown to give a more holistic indication of regional-scale variation in the terroir of the Marlborough production system. Methods and Results. Digital map layers describing variation in climate, soil properties, and the yield and harvest date of Sauvignon Blanc (Vitis vinifera L.) were assembled and analysed for similarity in their patterns of spatial variation over six vintages (2014–2019) using k-means clustering. The results suggest that the Marlborough region has a characteristically variable Sauvignon Blanc production with crop phenology and harvest date strongly influenced by variation in temperature, and yield variation impacted by soil properties. Spatial variation in seasonal rainfall did not appear to impact on vineyard performance. Importantly, the Wairau and Awatere valleys which, hitherto, have been considered together as parts of a single Marlborough region, are shown to be distinct. Conclusions. This analysis is strongly suggestive of the Marlborough terroir being variable at the within-region scale. It also lends weight to the idea that estimates of vineyard performance in some parts of the region may be used to predict performance in others. Significance of the Study. The results have potentially important implications for the management of both vineyard operations and winery logistics, for wine marketing and for whole-of-industry planning around expansion or contraction. The methods used are free of any bias introduced to many previous studies of terroir zoning through adherence to historical or geopolitical boundaries, expert opinion of wines, and other heuristics.
Professional Values of Undergraduate Students at a Nursing School in South Africa
Authors: Bimray Portia , Chipps Jennifer , Ticha Victoire
Published: September 2023

Background. Nursing schools play an important role in instilling nursing professional values in undergraduate nursing students and ensuring that they produce professional nurse graduates. Several studies in various countries have been conducted to describe the professional values held by nursing students, but this has not been explored in detail in South Africa. Aim. The purpose of this study was to describe the professional values held by undergraduate degree students at a nursing school in South Africa. Methods. A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted. With a population of 1,233 undergraduate nursing students across four years in the degree programme at the nursing school, a sample of 294 was calculated as the representative (95% CI, 5% error, and 50% response distribution). The 26-item nurses professional values scale revision (NPVS-R) with five value dimensions was used to collect the data. Means, frequencies, and confidence intervals were used to describe the values and Mann–Whitney U tests and Kruskal–Wallis independent sample tests were used to compare the findings with the demographic characteristics. Results. A total number of 245 respondents completed the questionnaire (response rate of 83.3%). Overall, the nurse professional value score was high (113.1 ± 13.1). The values of trust (4.46 ± 0.61), justice (4.39 ± 0.57), and caring (4.38 ± 0.55) were rated significantly higher than those of professionalism (4.23 ± 0.64) and activism (4.22 ± 0.57). First- and final-year students had significantly higher professional value scores. Conclusion. The study results describe the professional values of undergraduate nursing students in the school and confirmed the importance of trust, justice, and caring as the key professional values in the South African setting. Clinical Relevance. Nursing education should embed and monitor nursing professional values in the curriculum. Instilling nursing professional values in undergraduate nurses during formal training programmes improves quality patient care and service delivery for clinical practice.
Inconsistent Skin Prick Tests for Allergy to Birch Homologous Trees May Result from Cross-Reacting Allergens or Technical Errors
Authors: Beutner Caroline , Wrobel Christian , Dombrowski Tobias , Beutner Dirk , Forkel Susann , Buhl Timo
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Skin prick tests (SPTs) are the gold standard for diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR). A decrease in the number of allergens included in standard SPT panels has recently been debated – particularly regarding the cross-reacting homologous pollen from birch, alder, and hazel trees – but has not yet been implemented in clinical guidelines. Methods: A subgroup of patients with AR (n = 69) who showed inconsistent SPT results among birch, alder, and hazel was investigated in detail. Beyond SPT, patient workup included assessment of clinical relevance and various serological parameters (total IgE, and specific IgE to birch, alder, and hazel and to Bet v 1, Bet v 2, and Bet v 4). Results: More than half the study group had negative SPT results for birch but positive results for alder and/or hazel, and 87% of the study group was polysensitized, showing at least one more positive SPT result for other plants. Whereas 30.4% of patients showed serological sensitization to birch pollen extract, only 18.8% displayed positive specific IgE to Bet v 1. Clinical assessment revealed that most patients with AR were polysensitized and had perennial symptoms or symptoms also occurring during times other than tree flowering times. If the SPT panel is limited to testing birch only, 52.2% of patients in this subgroup would have been overlooked. Conclusion: Inconsistent SPT results in the birch homologous group may result from cross-reacting allergens or technical errors. If patients report convincing clinical symptoms despite negative results from a reduced SPT panel or inconsistent results for homologous allergens, SPT should be repeated, and molecular markers should be added to achieve a correct diagnosis.