bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of Physicians and Nurses in Oman Toward Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Badahdah Abdallah M. , Al Mahyijari Nawal , Badahdah Ryan , Al Lawati Furqan , Khamis Faryal
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines and disapproval of the policy of mandatory COVID-19 vaccination among unvaccinated physicians and nurses in Oman. Methods: The subjects were (N = 346) unvaccinated physicians and nurses in Oman. Their demographic data and attitudes regarding COVID-19 vaccines and mandatory vaccination policy were collected through an anonymous web-based survey and statistically analyzed. Results: The participants’ negative attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines were positively related (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) to the extent of their non-support for COVID-19 mandatory vaccination policy. Analysis of variance test showed that after controlling for age, male healthcare providers were more likely to endorse mandating COVID-19 vaccinations. There was no difference between physicians and nurses in support of mandatory vaccination, after controlling for age. Conclusions: Regardless of job type, male, and older physicians, and nurses in Oman were more supportive of mandatory COVID-19 vaccination than their younger and female counterparts. This research provides insights from an Arabian Gulf country about the attitudes of its unvaccinated healthcare providers toward compulsory COVID-19 vaccination.
SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES OF INTERJECTIONS IN HELEN FIELDING’S NOVEL “BRIDGET JONES’S DIARY”
Authors: ABRAHAMYAN LILIT , ABRAHAMYAN SHARMAGH
Published: April 2022

The given article aims at studying various scholars’ approaches to
interjections. It should be noted that scholars regard interjections as
involuntary or uncontrolled verbalizations - symptomatic signals, as far as they
involve the speaker’s conscious evaluation of the situation.
We also focus on the most important aspects of English interjections,
studying various principles of their classification and illustrating the role of
interjections in the formation of the subjective emotive, as well as evaluative
modality in the novel “Bridget Jones’s Diary.” Moreover, we concentrate on
the role interjections play in the process of comprehension of the
communicative value the author intends to convey to the readers.
МЕТОД СВОБОДНОГО АССОЦИАТИВНОГО ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТА В КОГНИТИВНОМ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИИ КОНЦЕПТОВ / METHOD OF FREE ASSOCIATION EXPERIMENT IN
COGNITIVE MODELING OF CONCEPTS
Authors: AKOPYAN LILIT
Published: April 2022

The given article attempts to discuss the role of free association
experiment in cognitive modeling of concepts. Concept is a very popular
phenomenon in cognitive linguistics which is not fully researched yet. One of
psycholinguistics methods of learning concepts is holding free association
experiment. We attempted to point out the given method’s advantages and
emphasize psycholinguistics experiments' positive role while learning
concepts.
ACTUALIZATION OF CONCEPT “HOMELAND” IN ENGLISH, AMERICAN AND ARMENIAN POETRY
Authors: BADALYAN LILIT
Published: April 2022

The study of the concept is of great importance in modern linguistics.
Concepts are formed from direct sensorial experience, from direct
interrelation with already existing ones, from learning of the meaning of
linguistic units, as well as from language communication that includes
explaining a concept to a person. With the increasing number of the
attributes assigned to the concept, the level of its abstractness grows. This
process turns the concept from a sensual image into a mental one. Concepts
are language-independent elements of consciousness and represent mental,
cognitive and affective, and dynamic units that are dependent on the person’s
mental life (Solonchak 2014:353).
THE SEMANTIC-STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NONCE WORDS FORMED WITH THE PREFIX UN- IN ENGLISH JOURNALISTIC ARTICLES
Authors: BARSEGHYAN GAYANE
Published: April 2022

The English language, as any language in the world, is developing in
response to the changes in economic, social, political, cultural and scientific
life. Language is dynamic and the current of time continuously brings about
new words in the language. The paper is concerned with the analysis of the
nonce words formed with the prefix un- used in English newspaper articles
and it is intended at the semantic-structural analysis of the extracted words.
It also seeks to reveal the nonce status of the words under study, i.e. the
word further has occasional usage or gains frequency in the language,
turning into a neologism.
ԱԶԳԱՄՇԱԿՈՒԹԱՅԻՆ ՏԱՐՐԸ ԿԱԶՄԱԽՈՍԱԿԱՆ ԴԱՐՁՎԱԾՔՆԵՐՈՒՄ / CULTURAL ELEMENT IN SOMATIC PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
Authors: GRIGORYAN ARMINE
Published: April 2022

The article examines somatic phraseological units in the phase of their
origin and formation. The research emphasizes the necessity of a
comprehensive philological examination as far as etimology is concerned. The
reflections of ancient beliefs, rituals and biblical anthropological notions in the
somatic phraseological units of archetypal importance are illustrared in the
research. The ties between the earliest beliefs and the Bible gave birth to
numerous archetypal phraseological units. The elements of culture, history,
ethnography and art are also observed in phraseological units.
The study of phrases, particularly somatic phraseological units, shows that we
are dealing with ancient beliefs, rituals, expressions of animism, biblical
religious traditions and anthropological notions. Referring to the
phraseological units that reflect beliefs, mythological and cosmological
notions, it is possible to study certain beliefs related to certain human bodies.
ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ИНТЕРНЕТ-МЕМА КАК СРЕДСТВА МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ / THE POTENTIAL OF THE INTERNET MEME AS A MEANS OF CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Authors: GRISHAEVA SVETLANA
Published: April 2022

Virtual communication takes up an increasingly large part of our life,
and intercultural communication is also increasingly carried out in a virtual
environment that produces new types of communication, including such as
the Internet meme. Therefore, the perception of the essence and specifics of
this phenomenon, its functions, is vital for understanding the modern reality
and effective interaction with Internet users.
Feelings of Loneliness due to COVID‑19 Pandemic’s Home Confinement/ Quarantine and its Relationship with Anxiety Traits and Empathy
Authors: Pereira Joana , Pereira Diana , Santos Henrique , Vieira Ana Sofia , Marinho Gonçalo , Figueira Maria Luísa , Madeira Luís
Published: April 2022

Introduction: We aimed to understand how loneliness and empathy relate to home confinement/quarantine and to explore the relation between loneliness, anxiety traits and empathy. Methods: This is an observational cross‑sectional cohort study including 364 participants. We delivered an online questionnaire composed by UCLA Loneliness scale (assessing loneliness), STAI‑Y (assessing trait anxiety), and IRI (assessing empathy). For the statistical analysis we performed  descriptive and inferential statistics. When not‑otherwise specified, two‑tailed p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean for IRI was 60.46 (SD: 10.88), for UCLA Loneliness scale was 32.70 (SD: 8.11) and for STAI‑Y was 42.01 (SD: 12.29). We found no statistically significant correlation between empathy and loneliness (p>0.05). Nonetheless, loneliness and anxiety traits were positively correlated (p<0.05), and psychiatric comorbidity was associated with higher levels of loneliness and anxiety traits (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest social cohesion, solidarity and continuous online contact may have played a significant role on preservation of empathy and feelings of loneliness. The fact that loneliness may be felt in a positive way (such tightening household relationships) can explain the non‑correlationbetween the last and empathy. Ultimately, the positive correlation between anxiety traits and loneliness underlines the vulnerability of previously anxious subjects, enhancing the importance of promoting mental health during the pandemic.
Improving Kenya’s coffee value chain and sector reforms through Sustainable Consumption and Production Practices integration
Authors: Takama Takesh , Kwamboka Elvine , Ogeya Mbeo , Nyambane Anne , Diaz-Chavez Rocia
Published: April 2022

Coffee is an essential player in Kenya’s agricultural sector, yet it has suffered a steady decline in production in the past 40 years. Addressing the sector’s challenges can also advance the UN 2030 Agenda’s 12th Sustainable Development Goal, which is to “ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns,” by incorporating Sustainable Consumption and Production Practices (SCPs) in the coffee value chain. This policy brief explores the potential integration of SCPs across the coffee production chain. We present SCPs that emerged from a series of focus group discussions, stakeholder consultations and surveys, which will minimize environmental impacts and maximize productivity and worker welfare. We also summarize capacity-building measures and financial support required to implement the SCPs at scale. Adopting the recommended solutions can both boost Kenya’s coffee industry and put the sector on a path toward greater environmental sustainability.
The immediate effect of sham laser and three different spinal manipulative protocols on kicking speed in soccer players
Authors:   , Deutschmann Kyle Colin
Published: April 2022

Background: In terms of kicking speed the instep kicking technique is the most effective and commonly used method. Immobilization or restricted motion within a joint segment, results in adverse changes in the surrounding ligaments, tendons and muscular tissue. To improve joint mobility and thus improving flexibility, this study focused on spinal manipulation. Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effectiveness of lumbar spine and sacroiliac manipulation on the range of motion (ROM) of the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints as well as the kicking speed of the subjects. Methods: Forty asymptomatic soccer players, playing for the regional Premier League team or higher, were divided into four groups of 10 each. Group 1 received lumbar spine manipulation, Group 2 received sacroiliac (SI) joint manipulation, Group 3 received combined lumbar spine and SI joint manipulation and Group 4 received the sham laser intervention (placebo/control). Pre and post warm-up and post intervention lumbar and SI joint ROM were measured using a digital inclinometer. Kicking speed was measured post warm-up and post intervention with a Speed Trac™ Speed Sport Radar. The subjects’ perception of a change in kicking speed post intervention was also recorded. SPSS version 15.0 was used to analyse the data. Results: Pre and post outcome measurements were compared using a p value of < 0.05 to indicate statistical significance. Statistically significant ROM increases were noticed in left and right lumbar rotation motions post lumbar manipulative intervention. Lumbar extension, left and right lumbar rotation and SI joint extension ROM increased post combination of lumbar spine and SI joint manipulation. There VI was a significant increase in kicking speed post intervention for all three manipulative intervention groups. A significant correlation was seen between subjects’ perception of change in kicking speed post intervention and the objective results obtained. Conclusions: Lumbar spine and SI joint manipulation is an effective intervention for short-term increase in kicking speed.
A survey of the opinions and interventions of registered South African homoeopaths, regarding childhood vaccinations
Authors:   , Couchman Kate
Published: April 2022

Introduction This descriptive, quantitative perception survey aimed to determine the opinions and treatment regimes of registered South African homoeopaths, regarding childhood vaccinations. Purpose / Aim The purpose of this survey was to determine if there is a coherent treatment protocol amongst homoeopaths when dealing with childhood vaccinations. Methodology The researcher used a questionnaire (Appendix B), aimed at homoeopaths registered with the Allied Health Professions Council of South Africa (AHPCSA), as primary health care practitioners, to view their patient management techniques regarding vaccinations. This study aimed to document the intervention protocols offered concurrently or as an alternative to orthodox vaccinations. A participant information letter (Appendix A) and a questionnaire (Appendix B) were faxed or e-mailed to all homoeopaths. After a two week time lapse, an independent third party contacted the participants who had not returned the questionnaires to ensure they had received the questionnaire. A further 2 weeks were allowed to lapse for the return of the outstanding questionnaires, after which time the non-complying candidates were excluded from the study. v Anonymity was maintained as the 93 completed questionnaires were returned to the third party. All personal details were removed before the researcher was allowed access to the questionnaires. The data accumulated was evaluated and statistically analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square tests, frequency tables, bar charts, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc multiple comparison tests. A p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results Polio was the only disease that participants felt should be vaccinated against (40%) and only 10.1% of participants rated vaccinations as very important. Half (55.3%) of the participants thought there was not enough scientific proof that vaccinations prevent infectious disease. The participants rated improved sanitization (82.9%); nutrition (72%); access to healthcare (65%); healthcare (64.6%) and education (64.2%) as the most important interventions contributing to the decline of infectious diseases. Conclusions The assumption that most homoeopaths disagree with vaccinations held true as 72% of the participants were not in favor of vaccinations. However, 44.4% felt that the risks of vaccinations did not outweigh the benefits. Results indicate that the majority of participants did not support the use of vaccinations although their treatment protocols and general opinions regarding vaccinations varied tremendously. vi In conclusion, the homoeopathic profession can use this information to decide what steps should be taken to rectify any misconceptions, improve general knowledge and attitudes regarding homoeopaths’ opinions and intervention protocols with regards to childhood vaccinations.
A group analysis evaluation of existing avian (bird) homoeopathic remedies in terms of known materia medica
Authors:   , Harkhu Nershada
Published: April 2022

Until recently homoeopathic remedies have been studied and understood by considering each remedy in isolation (Scholten, 1993). In the last few years a new method of understanding homoeopathic remedies, called group analysis, has emerged (Sankaran, 2002). This method involves an understanding of remedies in terms of characteristics common to a group of related remedies (Leisegang, 2007). Remedies are grouped according to natural classifications. Using the information available in computer repertories, searches are systematically performed to identify rubrics which are common within the group. This type of data analysis yields common characteristics which can be applied to lesser understood groups of remedies. This study was an investigation of the common characteristics of the remedies from the Class Aves, using the method according to Sankaran. The investigation was carried out by applying the group analysis method to the available data. Remedies from the Class Aves are relatively new additions to the materia medica, with the first of these proved in 1995. There is relatively little information available about this group and thus group analysis would be a valuable method of understanding these remedies (Fraser, 2009). A search was performed to determine which bird remedies were best represented in the repertory program iv Radar 10. Based on these results the sample group was selected. The rubrics of these remedies were then analysed to determine common sensations within the group. These sensations were then defined and synonyms were determined. These common sensations were then confirmed by searching for the keywords and synonyms in the available data. Second and third order analyses were performed based on the results. The resultant sensations were also compared with those proposed by Shore (2004) and Fraser (2009), to determine whether these theories on bird characteristics are consistent. Pathological tendencies of the Class Aves were found to involve the throat, female reproductive area, eyes and vision, skin, musculoskeletal system and mental disorders. Clinically there was strong indication for these remedies in cases of depression and anxiety, acne and dermatitis, dysmenorrhoea and disorders of vision such as blurred vision and eyestrain. The results of this study appeared to confirm the validity of theories on group analysis according to Sankaran (2002). The results further confirmed many of the characteristics attributed to the bird remedy group by Shore (2004) and Fraser (2009). Several new common characteristics of remedies from the Class Aves were deduced from the results of the analysis. The study also produced a proposed vital sensation and showed evidence linking several sensations in the process of reaction to the vital sensation.
A double-blind homoeopathic drug proving of Curcuma longa 30CH with the subsequent comparison to the Ayurvedic and phytotherapeutic indications thereof
Authors:   , Rajkoomar Suhana
Published: April 2022

Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic potential of Curcuma longa 30CH when administered to healthy individuals, thus revealing the materia medica of the substance. It was also the aim of this study to compare the existing therapeutic indications of the substance to the proving symptomatology. Methodology The proving took the form of a double-blind placebo controlled study and was conducted by two Master’s in Technology: Homoeopathy students using 30 healthy subjects. Twenty four provers were given the active medication and six provers were given the placebo. The remedy was manufactured according to the German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia in 30CH potency. The proving ran for a period of six weeks. Results The symptoms extracted from the proving were placed in different sections according to the repertory and was compared to the Ayurvedic and Phytotherapeutic indications of Curcuma longa. There were 202 symptoms produced as a result of the remedy, 141 rubrics were formulated using these symptoms. The largest number of rubrics i ii was allocated to the mind, head and dreams section of the repertory, other smaller sections of prominence included the eye, ear, nose and throat sections. A wealth of information was gained once the comparison was made between Curcuma longa 30CH and the Phytotherapeutic and Ayurvedic indications of use. Similarities between the materia medica of Curcuma longa and the Phytotherapeutic indications of use were found to exist with respect to sections such as eye, nose, face, stomach, stool, respiration, back, extremities, skin and generals. Conclusion The administration of Curcuma longa 30C to healthy provers according to the methodological protocol of this study resulted in the production of a variety of defined proving symptoms which comprise the materia medica thereof (first objective of the study). The subsequent comparison of the proving symptoms with the existing indications of Turmeric as an Ayurvedic and Phytotherapeutic medicine (second objective of the study) revealed clear correlations in a variety of defined areas.
A study of the factors involved in establishing a successful homoeopathic practice in South Africa
Authors:   , Kidd Dominique Michelle
Published: April 2022

Recent homoeopathic graduate studies (Babaletakis, 2006 and Sweidan, 2007) indicate that the majority of qualified Homoeopaths are currently practicing yet are experiencing many difficulties along the way. These setbacks are largely related to financial stresses and the difficulties experienced with regards to maintaining a practice. However, a minority of successful homoeopaths that have managed to overcome these difficulties have been identified. AIM This study aimed to identify a minimum of nine successful homoeopaths, and, through an in-depth interview discover their views on success and how they have managed to build up viable practices. The study aimed to identify the factors contributing to the success of these Homoeopathic practices and establish relationships that may have existed between these factors. METHODOLOGY This research was conducted in a qualitative manner, following an ethnographic approach, which also guided the method of data analysis. It was thus a descriptive, case study research design. Interviewees/subjects were selected through snowball sampling. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with each subject, in which the researcher followed an interview guideline. These interviews were recorded and analysed conceptually. All the transcribed interviews were then further organised by using the software programme NVivo 8.0. which allowed for the process of coding. iv RESULTS Common themes as related to success emerged from the data that was collected. Further analysis revealed links between certain factors that had been identified within the themes. The results reflected that honesty and the ability to listen and understand people, together with perseverance and determination, were qualities that enabled these homoeopaths to achieve success. It was evident that valuing oneself as a practitioner and thus charging accordingly, as well as minimising overheads where possible, all contributed to the viability of the practice. The use of modalities impacted on financial gain and was found to enhance patient numbers. Availability, success of healing and an interactive practitioner - patient relationship was also found to have an effect on patient base stability and size. Burnout was identified as being related to the balance in a practitioner’s lifestyle. A high self-esteem coupled with a good support structure, were factors that minimised burnout. Continued professional development was important to these practitioners as evidently one’s knowledge was seen to have an impact on confidence, patient numbers and thus overall success as a healer. CONCLUSION Success has been attributed to many factors in this study, many of which are interlinked. These findings have provided valuable insight into a successful homoeopathic career.
HEMATOMA EPIDURAL SUPRA E INFRATENTORIAL EN PACIENTE PEDIÁTRICO
Authors: Valeriano Paucar Jhino Renson
Published: April 2022

El traumatismo craneoencefálico es una causa común de morbi-mortalidad en la población pediátrica, sus lesiones secundarias como los hematomas epidurales son frecuentemente hallados, pero en su localización de la fosa posterior solo representa el 5% y son de alto riesgo de presentar complicaciones; además el hematoma supra e infratentorial simultáneo es muy poco frecuente. En el presente trabajo daremos a conocer el manejoquirúrgico de alto riesgo de un paciente con un hematoma supra e infratentorial de gran volumen, describiendolas posibles complicaciones y observando la evolución. Se realizó craneotomía supratentorial y una craniectomía sub-occipital para evacuación de hematoma. El paciente se recuperó satisfactoriamente mostrando mejoría en elpostoperatorio inmediato, siendo dado de alta recuperando la función global.
PENGGUNAAN MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA MATERI BANGUN RUANG SISI LENGKUNG
Authors: SYARIFAH DIANA
Published: April 2022

This study aims to describe the level of competence of learning outcomes in learning mathematics with the material of Constructing Curved Side Space by using the Discovery Learning learning model in class IX B students of SMP Negeri 16 semester II (two) for the 2020/2021 academic year. The problem that is the subject of discussion is whether through the Discovery Learning model can improve competence in learning to construct curved side spaces for class IX B SMP Negeri 16 second semester of the 2020/2021 academic year? The research method is in the form of Classroom Action Research (CAR) with 2 cycles, each cycle includes 4 stages, namely planning, action, observation and reflection. Data collection techniques are tests and observations with data collection tools in the form of written test questions and observation sheets which are validated by data through triangulation. The results of the study showed that the competence of learning outcomes in mathematics with curved side spaces for class IX B SMP Negeri 16 second semester of the 2020/2021 academic year increased from an average of 68.84 with 9 students or 26.47% in the pre-cycle to an average of 70. with 19 students or 55.88% in the first cycle and the second cycle to an average of 76 with 29 students or 85.29% complete the KKM.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat kompetensi hasil belajar dalam pembelajaran matematika materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Lengkung dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning pada siswa kelas IX B SMP Negeri 16 semester II (dua) tahun pelajaran 2020/2021. Permasalahan yang menjadi pokok bahasan adalah apakah melalui model Discovery Learning dapat meningkatkan kompetensi dalam pembelajaran bangun ruang sisi lengkung siswa kelas IX B SMP Negeri 16 semester dua tahun pelajaran 2020/2021?. Metode penelitian berupa Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan 2 siklus, masing- masing siklus meliputi 4 tahap yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan tes dan observasi dengan alat pengumpulan data berupa soal tes tulis dan lembar observasi yang divalidasi data melalui triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kompetensi hasil belajar matematika materi bangun ruang sisi lengkung siswa kelas IX B SMP Negeri 16 semester dua tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 meningkat dari rata-rata 68,84 dengan 9 siswa atau 26,47% pada pra siklus menjadi rata-rata 70 dengan 19 siswa atau 55,88% pada siklus I dan siklus II menjadi rata-rata 76 dengan 29 siswa atau 85,29% tuntas KKM.
ANÁLISE EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DA POLIOMIELITE VIRAL NO BRASIL NOS ÚLTIMOS CINCO ANOS
Authors: Gomes Matheus Godio , Freitas Felipe Teixeira , Dias Juliana Lopes , Figueiredo Júnior Hélcio Serpa de
Published: April 2022

A poliomielite é uma doença viral, atualmente erradicada no Brasil, que tem transmissão fecal-oral e em sua forma grave pode causar sequelas como a paralisia. Atualmente, a baixa da cobertura vacinal no país tem colocado sua erradicação em risco. Portanto, para analisar sua epidemiologia foi realizada uma coleta de dados no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) e Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SIS) do Ministério da Saúde associada a uma revisão de literatura. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o panorama da poliomielite viral no Brasil, nos últimos cinco anos, a partir da coleta de dados como internações, taxa de mortalidade, faixa etária, sexo e raça. Sob esse método, as informações, tendo como fonte o sistema DATASUS, foram avaliadas a fim de identificar o perfil epidemiológico evolutivo da patologia no país. A partir disso, foi possível discutir a respeito das sequelas dessa patologia e seu impacto no sistema público de saúde, assim como a possibilidade de um aumento no número de casos devido a baixa cobertura vacinal. A partir disso, foi possível concluir que atualmente a faixa etária mais afetada pelas sequelas é a de 40 a 59 anos, o sexo masculino e a raça parda. Portanto, faz-se necessário que os serviços de saúde invistam na conscientização da população a respeito da importância da vacinação.
The effects of varying drought-heat signatures on terrestrial carbon dynamics and vegetation composition
Authors: Tschumi Elisabeth , Lienert Sebastian , van der Wiel Karin , Joos Fortunat , Zscheischler Jakob
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The frequency and severity of droughts and heatwaves are projected to increase under global warming. However, the differential impacts of climate extremes on the terrestrial biosphere and anthropogenic CO2 sink remain poorly understood.
In this study, we analyse the effects of six hypothetical climate scenarios with differing drought-heat signatures, sampled from a long stationary climate model simulation, on vegetation distribution and land carbon dynamics, as modelled by a dynamic global vegetation model (LPX-Bern v1.4). The six forcing scenarios consist of a Control scenario representing a natural climate, a Noextremes scenario featuring few droughts and heatwaves, a Nocompound scenario which allows univariate hot or dry extremes but no co-occurring extremes, a Hot scenario with frequent heatwaves, a Dry scenario with frequent droughts, and a Hotdry scenario featuring frequent concurrent hot and dry extremes. We find that a climate with no extreme events increases tree coverage by up to 10 % compared to the Control scenario and also increases ecosystem productivity as well as the terrestrial carbon pools. A climate with many heatwaves leads to an overall increase in tree coverage primarily in higher latitudes, while the ecosystem productivity remains similar to the Control scenario. In the Dry and even more so in the Hotdry scenario, tree cover and ecosystem productivity are reduced by up to −4 % compared to the Control scenario. Regionally, this value can be much larger, for example up to −80 % in mid-western USA or up to −50 % in mid-Eurasia for Hotdry tree ecosystem productivity. Depending on the vegetation type, the effects of the Hotdry scenario are stronger than the effects of the Hot and Dry scenarios combined, illustrating the importance of correctly simulating compound extremes for future impact assessment. Overall, our study illustrates how factorial model experiments can be employed to disentangle the effects of single and compound extremes.
Coupling a weather model directly to GNSS orbit determination – case studies with OpenIFS
Authors: Navarro Trastoy Angel , Strasser Sebastian , Tuppi Lauri , Vasiuta Maksym , Poutanen Markku , Mayer-Gürr Torsten , Järvinen Heikki
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Neutral gas atmosphere bends and delays propagation of microwave signals in satellite-based navigation. Weather prediction models can be used to estimate these effects by providing three-dimensional refraction fields to ray-trace the signal delays. In this study, a global numerical weather prediction model (Open Integrated Forecasting System (OpenIFS) licensed for Academic use by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast) is used to generate the refraction fields. The ray-traced slant delays are supplied as such – in contrast to mapping – for an orbit solver (GROOPS (Gravity Recovery Object Oriented Programming System) software toolkit of Graz University of Technology) which applies the raw observation method. Here we show that such a close coupling is possible without need for major additional modifications in the solver codes. The main finding here is that the adopted approach provides a very good a priori model for the atmospheric effects on navigation signals. We suspect that removal of the intermediate mapping step allows us to take advantage of the local refraction field asymmetries in the GNSS signal processing. Moreover, the direct coupling helps in identifying deficiencies in the slant delay computation because the modeling errors are not convoluted in the mapping procedures. These conclusions appear robust, despite the relatively small data set of raw code and phase observations covering the core network of 66 ground-based stations of the International GNSS Service over 1-month periods in December 2016 and June 2017. More generally, the new configuration enhances our control of geodetic and meteorological aspects of the orbit problem. This is pleasant because we can, for instance, regulate at will the weather model output frequency and increase coverage of spatiotemporal aspects of weather variations. The direct coupling of a weather model in precise GNSS orbit determination presented in this paper provides a unique framework for benefiting even more widely than previously the apparent synergies in space geodesy and meteorology.
Assessing methane emissions for northern peatlands in ORCHIDEE-PEAT revision 7020
Authors: Salmon Elodie , Jégou Fabrice , Guenet Bertrand , Jourdain Line , Qiu Chunjing , Bastrikov Vladislav , Guimbaud Christophe , Zhu Dan , Ciais Philippe , Peylin Philippe , Gogo Sébastien , Laggoun-Défarge Fatima , Aurela Mika , Bret-Harte M. Syndonia , Chen Jiquan , Chojnicki Bogdan H. , Chu Housen , Edgar Colin W. , Euskirchen Eugenie S. , Flanagan Lawrence B. , Fortuniak Krzysztof , Holl David , Klatt Janina , Kolle Olaf , Kowalska Natalia , Kutzbach Lars , Lohila Annalea , Merbold Lutz , Pawlak Włodzimierz , Sachs Torsten , Ziemblińska Klaudia
Published: April 2022

Abstract. In the global methane budget, the largest natural source
is attributed to wetlands, which encompass all ecosystems composed of
waterlogged or inundated ground, capable of methane production. Among them,
northern peatlands that store large amounts of soil organic carbon have been
functioning, since the end of the last glaciation period, as long-term
sources of methane (CH4) and are one of the most significant methane
sources among wetlands. To reduce uncertainty of quantifying methane flux in the
global methane budget, it is of significance to understand the underlying
processes for methane production and fluxes in northern peatlands. A methane
model that features methane production and transport by plants, ebullition
process and diffusion in soil, oxidation to CO2, and CH4 fluxes to
the atmosphere has been embedded in the ORCHIDEE-PEAT land surface model
that includes an explicit representation of northern peatlands.
ORCHIDEE-PCH4 was calibrated and evaluated on 14 peatland sites distributed
on both the Eurasian and American continents in the northern boreal and
temperate regions. Data assimilation approaches were employed to optimized
parameters at each site and at all sites simultaneously. Results show that
methanogenesis is sensitive to temperature and substrate availability over
the top 75 cm of soil depth. Methane emissions estimated using single site
optimization (SSO) of model parameters are underestimated by 9 g CH4 m−2 yr−1 on average (i.e., 50 % higher than the site average of
yearly methane emissions). While using the multi-site optimization (MSO),
methane emissions are overestimated by 5 g CH4 m−2 yr−1 on
average across all investigated sites (i.e., 37 % lower than the site
average of yearly methane emissions).
FESDIA (v1.0): Exploring temporal variations of sediment biogeochemistry under the influence of flood events using numerical modelling
Authors: Nmor Stanley Ifeanyi , Viollier Eric , Pastor Lucie , Lansard Bruno , Rabouille Christophe , Soetaert Karline
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Episodic events of flood deposit in coastal environments are characterized by deposition of large quantities of sediment containing reactive organic matter within short periods of time. While steady-state modelling is common in sediment biogeochemical modelling, the inclusion of these events in current early diagenesis models has yet to be demonstrated. We adapted an existing model of early diagenetic processes to include the ability to mimic an immediate organic carbon deposition. The new model version was able to reproduce the basic trends from field sediment porewater data affected by the November 2008 flood event in the Rhone River prodelta. Simulation experiments on two end-member scenarios of sediment characteristics dictated by field observation, (1-high thickness deposit, with low TOC and 2-low thickness, with high TOC), reveal contrasting evolutions of post-depositional profiles. A first-order approximation of the differences between subsequent profiles was used to characterize the timing of recovery (i.e relaxation time) from this alteration. Our results indicate a longer relaxation time of approximately 4 months for SO42- and 5 months for DIC in the first scenario and less than 3 months for the second scenario which agreed with timescale observed in the field. A sensitivity analysis across a spectrum of these end-member cases for the organic carbon content (described as the enrichment factor α) and for sediment thickness – indicates that the relaxation time for oxygen, sulfate, and DIC decreases with increasing organic enrichment for a sediment deposition that is less 5 cm. However, for larger deposits (> 14 cm), the relaxation time for oxygen, sulfate and DIC increases with α. This can be related to the depth dependent availability of oxidant and the diffusion of species. This study emphasizes the significance of these sediment characteristics in determining the sediment’s short-term response in the presence of an episodic event. Furthermore, the model described here provides a useful tool to better understand the magnitude and dynamics of flooding event on biogeochemical reactions on the seafloor.
Storylines of UK drought based on the 2010–2012 event
Authors: Chan Wilson C. H. , Shepherd Theodore G. , Facer-Childs Katie , Darch Geoff , Arnell Nigel W.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Spatially extensive multi-year hydrological droughts cause significant environmental stress. The UK is expected to remain vulnerable to future multi-year droughts under climate change. Existing
approaches to quantify hydrological impacts of climate change often rely solely on global climate model (GCM) projections following different emission scenarios. This may
miss out low-probability events with significant impacts. As a means of exploring such events, physical climate storyline approaches aim to quantify physically coherent articulations of how observed events could hypothetically have unfolded in alternative ways. This study uses the 2010–2012 drought, the most recent period of severe hydrological drought in
the UK, as a basis and analyses storylines based on changes to (1) precondition severity, (2) temporal drought sequence, and (3) climate change. Evidence from multiple storylines shows that the maximum intensity, mean deficit, and duration of the 2010–2012 drought were highly influenced by its meteorological preconditions prior to drought inception, particularly for
northern catchments at shorter timescales. The influence of progressively drier preconditions reflects both the spatial variation in drought preconditions and the role of physical catchment characteristics, particularly hydrogeology in the propagation of multi-year droughts. There are two plausible storylines of an additional dry year with dry winter conditions repeated either before the observed drought or replacing the observed dramatic drought termination confirm the vulnerability of UK catchments to a “third dry winter” storyline. Applying the UKCP18 climate projections, we find that drought conditions worsen with global warming with a mitigation of drought conditions by wetter winters in northern catchments at high warming levels. Comparison of the storylines with a benchmark drought (1975–1976) and a protracted multi-year drought (1989–1993) shows that, for each storyline (including the climate change storylines), drought conditions could have
matched and exceeded those experienced during the past droughts at catchments across the UK, particularly for southern catchments. The construction of storylines based on observed events can complement existing methods to stress test UK catchments against plausible unrealised droughts.
Hazard assessment and hydrodynamic, morphodynamic, and hydrological response to Hurricanes Gamma and Delta, on the northern Yucatan peninsula
Authors: Torres-Freyermuth Alec , Medellín Gabriela , Kurczyn Jorge A. , Pacheco-Castro Roger , Arriaga Jaime , Appendini Christian M. , Allende-Arandía María Eugenia , Gómez Juan A. , Franklin Gemma L. , Zavala-Hidalgo Jorge
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Barrier islands in tropical regions are prone to coastal flooding and erosion during hurricane events. The Yucatan coast, characterized by karstic geology and the presence of barrier islands, was impacted by Hurricanes Gamma and Delta in October 2020. Inner shelf, coastal, and inland observations were acquired simultaneously near a coastal community (Sisal, Yucatan) located within 150 km of the hurricanes’ tracks. In the study area, Gamma moved at a slow speed and induced heavy rain, mixing in the shelf sea, and northern winds exceeding 20 m s-1. Similar wind and wave conditions were observed at this location during the passage of Hurricane Delta. However, a higher storm surge (0.5 m) was measured due to wind setup and the drop (< 1000 mbar) in atmospheric pressure. Beach morphology changes, based on GPS measurements conducted before and after the passage of the storms, show alongshore gradients ascribed to the presence of coastal structures and macrophyte wracks on the beach face. Moreover, net onshore sediment transport during the storm contributes to the increase in beach elevation. Urban flooding occurred mainly on the back-barrier associated with heavy rain and the confinement of the coastal aquifer which prevented rapid infiltration. Two different modeling systems, aimed at providing coastal flooding early warning and coastal hazards assessment, presented difficulties in forecasting the coastal hydrodynamic response during these seaward translating events, regardless of the grid resolution and wind forcing employed. Compound flooding plays an important role in this region and hence must be incorporated in future modeling efforts.
Performance Analysis of Hybrid Multi-Port AC-DC/DC-DC Embedded Based Energy Flow Optimizing Using Resilient Power Flow Control (RPFC) Technique
Authors: Nagarajan C. , Tharani B. , Saravanan S. , Muruganandam M.
Published: April 2022

In recent decades, the utilization of renewable power sources has proven to be a reliable and clean vitality more universal, and with specific ultimate goals to achieve efficient and renewable energy power generation. The proposed system is improve the stabilize energy flow between micro grids and the main grid. The power generation of the each and every renewable sources are monitored and controlled by the proposed Resilient Power Flow Control (RPFC) system and also the energy flow variation of the grid system is analyzed and presented in this paper. This work demonstrates the role of energy routers in optimizing the efficient and flexible way of energy stabilization in grid system. This analysis model establishes the entire system, including power routers, interconnected microcircuits, and the main grid. Interconnected microcircuits were analyzed by various controller facilitated by power routers, and corresponding control strategies were developed. The proposed system shows the effectiveness and reliability of the control strategy for micro-grid interconnection and flexible energy flow correspondence.
Association of Resistin with Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Our Local Population
Authors: Hingorjo Mozaffer Rahim , Rashid Muhammad Noman , Parveen Naila , Riaz Lubna , Shahid Riaz Ahmed , Hasan Zainab
Published: April 2022

Objective: To investigate the association of resistin with components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in our local population. Study design & setting: Case-control study, Medical OPD; Lyari General Hospital Karachi (from 15th July 2020 till 15th December 2020). Methodology: A total of 164 subjects (83 cases & 81 controls) between the age ranges of 35-65 years were selected. Subjects with metabolic syndrome were included in concordance with International Diabetes Federation criteria. Serum resistin levels in both cases and controls were compared. SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis. Eighty-three patients with metabolic syndrome were enrolled and compared with 81 healthy unmatched controls. Obesity indices, blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance and serum resistin levels were evaluated. Predictive values of resistin for MetS were analyzed using odds ratios. Results: Significantly elevated levels of resistin were found in subjects with metabolic syndrome compared to healthy controls (8.23±4.43 vs 6.82±3.64 ng/mL, p<0.05). The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for metabolic syndrome in subjects having higher resistin were: males:2.62[1.11–6.19], females: 2.81[1.05–7.49], all Ptrend<0.05.For individual components of metabolic syndrome, we found the odds ratio to be greatest for hypertension, fasting blood sugar, and insulin resistance; 2.64, 4.83, 2.85, respectively, all Ptrend<0.05. Conclusion: The present study suggests significant association of resistin with components of metabolic syndrome such as hypertension, fasting blood sugar, and insulin resistance. Compared to healthy controls, subjects with MetS had significantly higher resistin levels. Further research is required to incorporate this biomarker in clinical setting.
Religious Beliefs, Work Motivation, Risk Perception and Posttraumatic Growth in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19
Authors: Raza Tehreem , Fatima Dr Iram
Published: April 2022

This research was conducted to assess the posttraumatic growth (PTG) experienced by the healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose was to observe whether religious beliefs predicted PTG during a pandemic and the mediating role of work motivation for the relationship between religious beliefs and PTG in the healthcare workers. It was also investigated if the risk perception regarding the virus had any implicating effects on the relationship of religious beliefs and posttraumatic growth. The sample (N=97) consisted of resident doctors (n=56), physicians (n=23), surgeons (n=03) and a nurse (n=01); which was comprised of both men (n=52) and women (n=45). The Religious Belief Scale (RBS), Work Intrinsic Extrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS), and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF) were employed to collect data. The Perception of Risk was measured through items that had been previously used to assess the risk perception of healthcare workers during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic. The responses from participants was collected through both online and in person. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to assess the significance of relationships while Hierarchal Regression was used to assess the role of religious beliefs of healthcare workers. Moreover, PROCESS macro was used to evaluate the presence of mediation and moderation. The results revealed that religious beliefs and self-regulated motivation were significant predictors of PTG while self-regulated  motivation also mediated the direct relationship between religious beliefs and PTG. Investigation of possible factors that bring about growth after experiencing trauma is an essential need of these turbulent times.