bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adverse Effect in Patients with Psoriasis Treated with Interleukin 17A Inhibitor- Secukinumab
Authors: Milidrag Ardea , Gutić Medo , Rodić Ivana , Pjevač Ana , Mladenović Tatjana , Miličić Vesna , Ravić-Nikolić Ana
Published: May 2022

Secukinumab is fully human monoclonal antibody, IgG-1κ, which selectively attaches to IL-17A and inhibits its effects, which subsequently leads to a decrease of local inflammatory markers. In 2015 it was approved for treatment of patients suffering from psoriasis. We can say that in comparison with other biologic medicine, such as IL-12/23 inhibitors and TNF-α inhibitors, the incidence rate of serious adverse effects related to use of secukinumab is notably lower. Serious adverse effects reported in relation to use of secukinumab were development of mucocutaneous candidiasis, neutropenia and development or aggravation of the inflammatory bowel disease conditions.

In this review study we focused on frequent adverse effects and adverse effects of special interest during the secukinumab therapy in treating psoriasis patients.

Available data on long-term safety and effects on comorbidities are relatively few. A more extensive and longer term research is needed, as well as critical reevaluation of the criteria for participation in clinical trials in order to obtain data which would be of relevance in clinical practice. A better understanding of adverse effects leads to an improved individual therapeutic approach, increases patient’s satisfaction and results in minimizing these effects.
Identity-Based Workplace Discrimination in Romania. Experiences of LGBTQ Community Members
Authors: Voina Andreea , Pavelea Anișoara , Vacariu Cristian
Published: May 2022

Among challenges faced by LGBTQ community members throughout the world, workplace discrimination is one that can heavily influence how these individuals adjust their behavior in organizational settings. This study investigates perceptions of workplace discrimination experienced by members of the LGBTQ community in Romania in order to map discrimination patterns and the effects felt by the participants. Through the ten interviews conducted with employees of various organizations from various Romanian cities, this research shows that discrimination is perceived to engender both positive and negative effects, and the timing of coming out is found to be an important factor. Whereas the participants’ relationship to their supervisors might not suffer dramatic changes, coworkers seem to engage in various forms of discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, such as microaggressions.
A scientific and theoretical approach to the development of the process model for managing personified marketing communications in pharmacy
Authors: Olkhovska A. B. , Malyi V. V. , Lisna А. G.
Published: May 2022

Aim. To systematize and substantiate the expediency of using personified marketing communications in pharmacy based on a scientific and methodological approach and develop a process model for managing personified marketing communications in pharmacy, which will be useful to pharmaceutical market entities in order to provide the effectiveness of pharmaceutical promotion and interaction with a potential target audience.

Materials and methods. To implement the objectives, the methods of content analysis, structural and system analysis, sociological and marketing research, comparative analysis, grouping, and graphical method were used.

Results. The expediency of using personified marketing communications in the system of promoting drugs to the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market has been systematized and substantiated, taking into account the foreign experience. The rating of the activity of using personified marketing communications in Ukraine and abroad has been made and compared; the prospects and advantages of their implementation at the Ukrainian market have been identified. A process model for managing personified marketing communications in pharmacy has been developed and proposed.

Conclusions. Personified marketing communications provide that the subjects of the pharmaceutical market concentrate their communicative efforts on the target audience; this further gives them the opportunity to save money and minimize unnecessary investment in the promotion of drugs. The proposed process model of management of personified marketing communications in pharmacy will contribute to improving the quality of pharmaceutical care to the country’s population.
Pharmaceutical education in Ukraine: the analytical review of curricula for training of the pharmaceutical personnel in the XX-th century
Authors: Kotvitska A. A. , Ohar S. V. , Shulga L. I.
Published: May 2022

Aim. To study the curricula of pharmacy specialists of the last century, determine the features of the content of pharmaceutical education at different stages of the development of society and identify appropriate patterns and trends, analyze leading trends in higher professional education in general and pharmaceutical one in particular.

Materials and methods. In the study of the content of higher pharmaceutical education, the generally accepted principle of division of disciplines by cycles of training was used. The influence of socio-economic factors of the society development on the educational paradigm was also determined. To achieve the goals, the methods of scientific analysis, namely generalization, comparison, system and logical methods, were used.

Results. Scientific and practical approaches to forming the content of higher pharmaceutical education of the Soviet period have been substantiated. The content of pharmaceutical education according to the curricula for the period of 1945-1990 has been analyzed, and the main trends of changes in the cycles of training have been identified – a decrease in the cycle of chemical disciplines, an increase in the study time for medical and biological disciplines, a significant proportion of teaching humanities, which list and scope were regulated by the Ministry of Education of the USSR.

Conclusions. Based on the study conducted, it has been determined that during the period of Soviet Ukraine the content of higher pharmaceutical education was formed in accordance with the classical educational paradigm at that time: curricula were revised and approved every five years by the Ministry of Education of the USSR, which also controlled the list, content and scope of teaching humanities. Based on the analysis of the curricula of the Kharkiv Pharmaceutical Institute for training of the pharmaceutical personnel in Ukraine in the last century, the lists of disciplines by training cycles have been determined, and their share in the total content of higher pharmaceutical education has been identified.
Marketing research of the market power of cetirizine antihistamines
Authors: Samborskyi O. S. , Slobodyanyuk M. M. , Rohulia O. Yu. , Baygush Yu. V.
Published: May 2022

Aim. To study and assess the components of the trademark complex, as well as to determine the market power of anti-allergic drugs on the example of Cetirizine.
Materials and methods. Scientific publications, reports of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine and the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the results of monitoring the retail pharmaceutical market of the “Pharmastandard” system of the “Morion” company, the results of the own research, as well as methods of content and marketing analysis, statistical processing were used as materials.
Results. The necessity of further development and deepening of studies of the components of the complex of trademarks (TM) of drugs, changes of market positions of drugs within TM and its highest brand level has been substantiated. It has been recommended to include the notion of “confidence” to the manufacturer and a specific drug to the qualitative consumer characteristics; this notion acts as an indicator of the future strengthening of the drug market positions. On the example of ten drugs of Cetirizine, the assessment of consumer and market indicators of market power of ten drugs based on Cetirizen has been done using a questionnaire survey. A scale of values of the characteristics of the market positions of the TM Cetirizine complex has been developed, and the state of TM and brands at five levels of each has been assessed. The distribution of ten drugs of Cetirizine has been done in the conventional competitive environment using the marketing map. Ten areas of market positions of the TM complex and brands have been identified. The assessment of individual components of TM, which characterize the market power of Cetirizine antiallergic drugs has been performed.
Conclusions. Consumer and market indicators of the market power of drugs based on Cetirizine have been characterized. It has been recommended to include the notion of “confidence” to the manufacturer and a specific drug to the consumer characteristics of the TM complex. Based on the questionnaire survey of respondents, single and generalized indicators of ten drugs of Cetirizine have been determined, their levels have been calculated, and a scale of values of the market power characteristics of the TM drug complex has been developed. The state of TM and brands of Cetirizine drugs have been assessed by five levels ranging from absence to a very strong market position. The levels of TM of Cetirizine drugs have been assessed using the scale of values. By using the marketing map the TM distribution of ten drugs of Cetirizine has been done in the competitive market environment, and the areas of market positions have been identified. The components of the TM complex that characterize the market power of drugs based on Cetirizine have been assessed.
The study of the impact of rehabilitation measures on the dynamics of cognitive disorders in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Nevelika A. V. , Myatyha O. M. , Karabut L. V. , Lytvynenko H. L.
Published: May 2022

Aim. To assess the level of cognitive impairment and its dynamics over 6 months in Parkinson’s disease.

Materials and methods. The study involved 31 people with Parkinson’s disease, including 15 women and 16 men. The average age of patients at the beginning of the study was 65.1 (m = 0.54). The duration of the disease varied from 3 to 8 years. The Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Mattis dementia scale were used to study cognitive functions. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) was used to assess attention. The study of speech was conducted using the free and directed association test, and visual-spatial functions were studied using the “drawing clock” test. The visual memory test from the SKT test battery was used to assess memory, and affective disorders were studied using the Beck Depression Scale. Depression was diagnosed according to the ICD-10 criteria. The vegetative disorders were assessed using the autonomic disorders scale. The results obtained were processed using mathematical statistics methods.

Results. The data obtained in the course of the study allow us to state the stability in disturbance of the vegetative function. The affective symptoms in patients with mild cognitive impairment were improved. In patients with moderate and severe cognitive impairment, affective symptoms remained stable. There were also no significant changes in the Mattis dementia scale, the Beck Depression Scale, the coding test, visual-spatial functions, grammatical associations, semantics and phonetics.

Conclusions. The studies showed that after the introduction of a comprehensive rehabilitation program for 6 months there were minor improvements indicating the need for further improvement and implementation.
HERMENÉUTICA Y POLÍTICA EN MARTIN HEIDEGGER
Authors: Quesada Julio
Published: May 2022

En esta conferencia hemos pretendido hacer ver las relaciones que se van cruzando entre filosofía, política, hermenéutica y biología en el pensamiento de Martin Heidegger. Estos cruces forman la urdimbre (o una de ellas) de lo que Roberto Esposito ha formulado como "paradigma inmunológico" de la biopolítica tanatológica del nazismo. Esta conferencia, enmarcada en mi propia línea de investigación: "Heidegger de camino al holocausto", demuestra la profunda relación que se da en el pensamiento heideggeriano entre su ontología y la biopolítica del III Reich.
LA REFORMA INTELECTUAL DE JOSÉ ORTEGA Y GASSET: EL APASIONADO PENSAR SOBRE ESTE MUNDO EN LA VISIÓN DE OCTAVIO PAZ
Authors: Santos Báez Leopoldo
Published: May 2022

A propósito de la consideración de Octavio Paz a la obra de Ortega y Gasset como "un apasionado pensar sobre este mundo", el ensayo busca en el planteo teórico del filósofo español los conceptos que le permitieron vislumbrar una serie de problemáticas que juegan un rol decisivo en el mundo de hoy. La tesis que aquí se sostiene es que tales conceptos están enmarcados y responden a la teoría de salvación de la circunstancia, teoría que rige toda su propuesta filosófica.
LA INVERSIÓN ESENCIALISTA DE LA CIENCIA TEORÉTICA: Diálogo entre el Criticismo Kantiano y la Filosofía del No de Gastón Bachelard
Authors: Gómez Gunzburger Christopher J.
Published: May 2022

Caracterizaremos en el diálogo con Gastón Bachelard y Kant a las ciencias teoréticas en general como no esencialistas. Aunado a esto, tal caracterización impone la necesidad de una multiplicidad epistémica. Atenderemos la problemática de las "Verdades Múltiples" que surge de la multiplicidad epistémica planteando, con Bachelar, un desarrollo cognoscitivo dialéctico en la ciencia.
BAJO EL PÓRTICO DEL INSTANTE: NARRACIÓN Y ETERNO RETORNO
Authors: Mora Mínguez Teodoro
Published: May 2022

El tema del "eterno retorno" en relación con la narración es el núcleo de este artículo. Además este trabajo supone una introducción de un trabajo de investigación realizado para obtener el doctorado en Filosofía, titulado "Eterno retorno y narración, continuidad y discontinuidad en la filosofía de Nietzsche", que fue presentado ante el departamento I de filosofía de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid en mayo de 2013. Con el fn de centrar la discusión en el presente artículo me he propuesto, en particular, comantar las semejanzas y diferencias entre las concepciones acerca del tiempo en Nietzsche y Arendh.
ÉTICA Y JUSTICIA ECONÓMICA EN MÉXICO: UN PROGRAMA DE INVESTIGACIÓN
Authors: Buganza Jacob , García de la Sienra Adolfo , Turiso Jesús
Published: May 2022

Después de hacer una breve reflexión acerca de la cuestión de la desigualdad y el contrato social que ha prevalecido en los países hispanoamericanos, los autores llevan a cabo una disquisición acerca de la importancia de investigar la mentalidad para el entendimiento de los mismos, para concluir examinando la relevancia de una propuesta no utilitarista, la propuesta de Rosmini, para abordar el problema de la desigualdad económica.
"Aun el papúa es un hombre y no una bestia": Husserl sobre el universalismo y la relatividad de las culturas
Authors: Moran Dermont
Published: May 2022

Traducción Omar Valdés Benítez
Realidad y Concepto. Observaciones fenomenológicas en torno a la posibilidad de explicitar del sentido del mundo real a través de objetividades ideales
Authors: Marín Ávila Esteban
Published: May 2022

Este artículo busca presentar una aclaración fenomenológica de la posibilidad de llevar a cabo reflexiones conceptuales que hagan explícito el sentido atribuible al mundo mismo. Como tal, aborda la posibilidad de que parte del quehacer filosófico consista en el esclarecimiento conceptual de la realidad. En él se ofrece una respuesta a esta problemática con base en el tipo de análisis intencional propuesto por Edmund Husserl, así como en algunas de sus propias investigaciones y las de otros pensadores que retoman recursos metódicos propuestos por él.
¿Una "Ética nacional"? Ernst Cassirer responde a Bruno Bauch. El error de Husserl
Authors: Quesada Julio
Published: May 2022

He querido hacer un comentario al texto de Ernst Cassirer, inédito en español hasta su reciente traducción en Stoa, en el que le responde al neokantiano y anti semita Bruno Bauch, teniendo como cuestión filosófica y política el concepto de "Nación". Este ensayo pone de manifiesto el marco metafísico de esa idea propiamente alemana que arranca con Fichte y su ideal de educación (Bildung) como Formación del Espíritu Nacional Alemán. Cassirer desmonta la intención nacionalista de la Kulturkampf de basarse en Kant para hacer posible una Ética alemana valiéndose (Ripke-Kühn y Bauch) de la auto posición del concepto como lo propiamente alemán. Señalo, también, el error de lectura que Cassirer, al igual que Husserl, hicieron de los Discursos a la nación alemana de Fichte.
Competencies Contributing to Graduates’ Employability
Authors: Thi Quynh Lan Mai
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to define the competencies that make up graduates' employability in today's changing world of work. The skills that make graduates employable are often independent of qualifications, but are influenced by factors such as lifelong learning, critical analytical thinking; personal interoperability; teamwork skill; and negotiation skills. The article analyzes secondary data from researches on Google Scholar and the Internet to determine the necessary skills and competencies that create the employability of university graduates. The results lead to recommendations that the training process should focus on developing reasoning skills and critical thinking, problem-based learning methods, support students to develop their arguments, pay attention to the leading role of the teachers in traditional Vietnamese culture. Teachers need to guide students in how to develop thinking, identify relevant facts and information, systematically analyze collected data and information, infer and evaluate evidence and events.
Complex pelvic injury in a morbidly obese patient – A case report
Authors: Baldini-Garcia Lorena , Altamirano-Cruz Marco Antonio
Published: May 2022

Unstable pelvic ring injuries continue to be challenging to manage. Obese patients have a higher risk of complications and such management entails additional difficulties for emergency services and the medical-surgical team. A 41-year-old male with a body mass index of 44 fell from a water slide and suffered an anteroposterior pelvic compression impact injury. He presented with a Tile C1.3 pelvic fracture, Denis III sacral fracture, and Roy-Camille Type 4 spinopelvic dissociation. We performed a posterior triangular fixation and anterior double plating, and the patient gained full recovery and was able to return to work. This case report focuses on some key tools and techniques to consider when managing complex pelvic fractures in obese patients, requiring specialized equipment or adjustments to conventional treatments to obtain a good outcome. We used accessory portals through the fat pad to adequately place the plate screws. In addition, we used polypropylene mesh for post-operative incisional hernia prophylaxis, longer instruments for iliosacral screw placement, and a multidisciplinary approach with rehabilitation and nutrition control.
Almanya’nın Enerji Dönüşümü Politikaları: Türkiye İçin Bir Örnek
Authors: ERKÖK Banu
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, enerjide dışa bağımlı bir ülke konumunda bulunan Türkiye’ye örnek teşkil etmesi açısından; nükleer ve fosil yakıt kaynaklardan, çevreye duyarlı yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına başarılı bir dönüşüm gerçekleştirmiş olan Almanya’da uygulanan enerji politikalarının (Energiewende) incelenmesi ve bu doğrultuda Türkiye’ye yönelik politika önerilerinin geliştirilmesidir. Zira yenilenebilir enerjileri geliştirmek amacıyla radikal bir reform sürecinden geçen dünyadaki birkaç ülkeden biri olan Almanya, uyguladığı enerji politikaları ile, Türkiye’nin enerji üretimini güçlendirebilecek politikaların belirlenmesine katkı sağlayacak nitelikte önemli bir örnektir. Energiewende’nin gelişiminde, Alman hükümetlerince tasarlanmış olan; yenilenebilir enerji üretimini ve bu yönde yenilikçi teknoloji gelişimini önceleyen teşvik politikaları önemli rol oynamıştır. Alman hükümetleri, gerek enerji üreticilerine gerekse teknoloji geliştiren şirketlere sağladıkları, fon, hibe kredi, sübvansiyon ve finansman destekleri ile yenilenebilir enerjiye yönelik yatırımları cazip hale getirmeyi hedeflemişlerdir. Türkiye son yıllarda doğal kaynaklarına yönelmek suretiyle artan enerji ihtiyacının karşılanmasında gerek nükleer gerekse yenilenebilir enerjilerin geliştirilmesini önceleyen politikalara ağırlık vermeye başlamış; yenilenebilir kaynakların gerek birincil enerji arzı gerekse elektrik enerjisi üretiminde kullanılması; tarife garantileri ile özel sektör yatırımlarının artırılması, böylelikle rekabetçi piyasa oluşturulması hedeflenmiştir. Ancak Türkiye’de enerji üretimine yönelik yatırımların hedeflenen düzeyde artmadığı, enerjinin verimli üretimi, tüketimi ve dağıtımı konularında farkındalık oluşmadığı, yenilenebilir enerjiye yönelik yenilikçi teknoloji gelişimi konularında yeterli adımlar atılmadığı anlaşılmıştır. Bu durum, sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefine paralel olarak, Türkiye’de yenilenebilir enerji üretimine yönelik uygulanmakta olan mevcut politikaların güçlendirilmesi, toplumun bilinçlendirilmesi; yenilenebilir enerjiye yönelik yenilikçi teknoloji gelişimini önceleyen politikalarla desteklenmesi gerektiğini işaret etmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, bu çalışmada, Almanya’da uygulanan enerji politikalarından yola çıkarak, Türkiye’ye yönelik politika önerileri sunulması amaçlanmaktadır.
Finansal Gelişme ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: KUŞ Nurhan , BÖLÜKOĞLU Anıl
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, finansal gelişme ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi IMF tarafından geliştirilen üç farklı finansal gelişmişlik endeksi aracılığıyla Türkiye özelinde incelemektir. 1980-2018 yıllarını kapsayan ve yıllık veri seti kullanılan bu çalışmada finansal gelişmişlik düzeyinin kişi başına çıktı düzeyi üzerindeki etkisi geleneksel büyüme unsurlarıyla birlikte tahmin edilmiştir. ARDL eş bütünleşme analizi ile elde edilen sonuçlar finansal gelişmişliğin kişi başına çıktı düzeyi üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Finansal piyasaların gelişmişlik düzeyinin ekonomik performans üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğu fakat finansal kurumlardaki gelişimin etkisinin ise yansız olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Etkilerin boyutu geleneksel göstergeler yanında oldukça düşük tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye özelinde finansal piyasalardaki gelişimi destekleyecek politika önerilerinde bulunulmuştur.
Ekonomik, Politik Ve Sosyal Küreselleşmenin Ekolojik Ayak İzi Üzerindeki Etkileri: ASEAN-5 Ülkeleri Örneği
Authors: YAĞLIKARA Aykut
Published: May 2022

Son yıllarda küreselleşmenin artan etkisiyle birlikte artan ekonomik, politik ve sosyal etkileşimler insanların taleplerinin artmasına neden olmakta ve ülkelerin çevre kalitelerinin üzerinde farklı etkiler ortaya çıkardığı gözlemlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada ekolojik ayak izi, enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik, politik ve sosyal küreselleşme arasındaki ilişki 1986-2017 yılları arası için ASEAN-5 ülke örnekleminde incelenmektedir. Analizde panel eşbütünleşme, Genişletilmiş Ortalama Grup (AMG) tahmincisi ve Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel nedensellik testleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre uzun dönemde değişkenler birlikte hareket etmektedirler. Ayrıca anlamlı sonuç elde edilen ülkelerde enerji tüketiminin ekolojik ayak izini artırdığı, üç küreselleşme boyutunun da ülke ülke farklı sonuçlar ortaya koyduğunu gösterir bulgula elde edilmiştir. Son olarak uygulanan panel nedensellik test sonuçlarına göre ise, ekolojik ayak izi ile politik ve sosyal küreselleşme arasında çift yönlü, enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik küreselleşmeye doğru ise tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisine ulaşılmıştır. Enerji tüketiminden politik ve sosyal küreselleşmeye doğru çift yönlü, ekonomik küreselleşmeye doğru ise tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmaktadır.
Bankaların Ekonomideki Rolleri ve Parasal Genişlemeye Etkilerinin Bilançolar Üzerinden Analizi
Authors: ÖZKAN Özgür
Published: May 2022

Bankaların ekonomideki rolleri konusunda literatürde oldukça uzun soluklu bir tartışma vardır. Bankaların finansal aracı olduğunu öne süren Ortodoks iktisat karşısında post Keynesyen görüş bankaların para yaratma gücüne sahip olduğunu öne sürmektedir. Aslında bankaların para yaratma gücüne sahip olduklarına yönelik düşünce sadece post Keynesyen görüşle sınırlı değildir. 1900'lerin başlarından başlayarak bir yüzyıl veya daha uzun bir süre boyunca, ekonomistler bankaların para yaratma gücüne sahip olduğunu kabul etmişlerdir. Bu çalışma bankaların finansal sistem içindeki rollerini sorgulamayı amaçlamıştır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmeye yönelik olarak ilgili literatür, geniş tarihsel zamanı kapsayacak biçimde incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma, konuyla ilgili post Keynesyen varsayımlara dayanmaktadır. Çalışma, gereke literatür bulguları, merkez bankalarının açıklamaları, bilanço analizleri ve Türk bankacılık muhasebe çerçevesi göz önüne alındığında bankaların finansal sistem içerisinde aracı kurum olmadıklarını aksine para yaratma gücüne sahip oldukları sonucuna ulaşmıştır.
An Airline Application on Burnout Syndrome in Pilots
Authors: KIZILCAN Serdar , MIZRAK Kağan Cenk
Published: May 2022

In the aviation industry, which is constantly growing and where competition is intense, airline companies should not lose their customer satisfaction and competitiveness. Achieving customer satisfaction and competitive advantage is possible with employees who are mentally and physically fit. One of the factors that negatively affect employees mentally and physically is occupational burnout. Burnout is not only for employees; it also negatively affects the employee's family, social environment and the future success of the business. At this point, it is essential for companies to make efforts to reduce the burnout levels of their employees.

The aim of this study is to measure the burnout levels of pilots, which is of critical importance for airline companies, and to evaluate them according to demographic factors. In the study, firstly the concept of burnout and literature review were included, and then the findings of the research were presented. Analyzes for the research were carried out through questionnaires obtained from pilots working in a private airline company. The Maslach Burnout Scale was used to obtain the data, and the SPSSv23 program was used for statistical analysis. In the study, it was observed that low personal achievement levels increased as the age of the participants increased. It was determined that there was no significant difference in the burnout sub-dimensions of the participants who were married and had children, and that employees with more professional experience felt unsuccessful. In addition, it has been observed that there is no relationship between work status and burnout sub-factors, but burnout problems occur depending on the type of flight and the percentage of flights on that line.
Metaverse’de Gerçekleştirilen İşlemlerin Vergilendirilmesi
Authors: ORKUNOĞLU ŞAHİN Işıl Fulya , ÇİFTÇİ Taha Emre
Published: May 2022

2003’te “Second Life” bilgisayar oyunu, internet tabanlı dijital ortamda kullanıcıların avatarları ile gezerek, diğer kullanıcılarla etkileşimde bulunmalarına ve günlük yaşamda imkânlarının olmadığı faaliyetleri dijital dünyada yapabilmelerini sağlamıştır. Bu oyunla kullanıcılar ikinci bir yaşama sahip hissederek arsa alım satımı, dijital eser satışı gibi birçok faaliyette bulunmuşlardır. Nitekim günümüzde Metaverse’de tablo satışı ve NFT satışları ile özellikle moda sektör temsilcilerinin yoğun ilgisi ile kullanıcıların avatarlarını giydirmelerine yönelik dijital satışlar yapılmakta ve bu tür uygulamaların artacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Second Life, Mart 2022 itibariyle kullanıcılarına vergi uygulamasını şart koşan ilk “Metaverse” platformu olmuştur. Bunu takiben diğer internet tabanlı hizmet sağlayıcılar aracılığıyla dijital ortamda gerçekleştirilen ve henüz vergiye tabi olmayan birçok faaliyetin ilerleyen süreçte vergi kapsamına alınması gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Dolayısıyla çalışmada Metaverse benzeri platformlarda gerçekleştirilen dijital faaliyetlerin vergilendirilme kapsamına alınmasına yönelik olarak getirilebilecek vergisel düzenleme önerilerine değinilmektedir.
The History of Crystallography in Switzerland
Authors: Gramlich Volker , Grimmer Hans
Published: May 2022

A short review of the development of crystallography in Switzerland and of the Swiss Society for Crystallography is presented.
Membrane Proteins with β-Barrel Fold
Authors: Schirmer Tilman
Published: May 2022

Porins, the major proteins found in the bacterial outer membrane, exhibit an unusual hollow β-barrel structure. This motif constitutes the scaffold for a pore that facilitates the diffusion of solutes across the membrane. OmpF porin was the first membrane protein to be crystallized many years ago at the Biozentrum in Basel. Since then a wealth of structural information at high resolution has been acquired by X-ray crystallography. Porins from E. coli turned out to be extremely robust and easy to manipulate, allowing detailed and comprehensive structure-function analysis. In particular, insight was obtained into the role of the highly charged pore constriction in OmpF porin and the 'greasy slide', a string of aromatic residues, in maltoporin.
Ordering Principles in Decagonal Al-Co-Ni Quasicrystals
Authors: Steurer Walter , Cervellino Antonio , Lemster Katja , Ortelli Stefano , Estermann Michael A.
Published: May 2022

The discovery of quasicrystals has extended the traditional concept that crystalline matter is a periodic arrangement of identical units such as atoms or molecules. The typical quasicrystal is an intermetallic compound in which the building blocks are arranged in a non-periodic but highly ordered way. Of particular interest is the study of these ordering principles as a function of chemical composition and temperature in decagonal quasicrystals where periodic and aperiodic ordering even coexists in the same crystal structure. Structural information from diffraction experiments is the key for revealing these ordering principles and the prerequisite for a comprehensive study of the structure–property relationships. We present here the first all-inclusive in-situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction study of decagonal Al70Co12Ni18, a stable quasicrystal with a wealth of diffraction phenomena.
Research Collaboration Between a Small Technology Company and Universities: Results, Opinions, and Conclusions
Authors: Studer Martin , Blaser Hans-Ulrich , Togni Antonio
Published: May 2022

The incentives for research collaboration between industry and academia are discussed. The problems and the lessons learnt during several projects are analyzed, both from a university and an industry point of view. In the second part, the results of a big collaborations project between
Solvias and several universities are shown, and the significant addition of know-how to the Solvias Toolbox will be addressed. Finally, the focus for the future catalysis research in Solvias is described.
Gas-Selective Optical Sensors for Fire Detectors
Authors: Nezel Tomas , Spichiger-Keller Ursula E. , Ludin Christian , Hensel Andreas
Published: May 2022

At the Center for Chemical Sensors (CCS) of ETH-Zürich, gas-sensitive membranes have been developed during the last three years. In co-operation with Pentapharm AG, Basel, and Bosch Telecom GmbH, Frankfurt, the research has led to the development of a world novelty, a gas-selective fire detector called MagicSens. Compared with conventional fire detectors this reacts specifically to combustible gases and considerably reduces thereby the false alarm ratio and the subsequent associated costs. Additionally, since combustible gases such as NO2 are produced during the whole first phase of a fire, the fact that the membranes are very sensitive means the alarm time could be shortened. The signal transduction in the sensor can be produced with cheap optical items, such as LED and photodiodes. The new fire detector will, therefore, not be more expensive than a conventional one. The product is due to be launched on the market in the near future.
Semi-automatic scheme for early-stage material search: developing solvent-solubility prediction of tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives securing chemical-space coverage
Authors: Shirasawa Raku , Takemura Ichiro , Hattori Shinnosuke , Nagata Yuuya
Published: May 2022

This study developed and implemented a semi-automatic material exploration scheme to modelize the solvent-solubility of tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives. In particular, the scheme involved the following steps: definition of a practical chemical search space, prioritization of molecules in the space using an extended algorithm for submodular function maximization without requiring biased variable selection or pre-existing data, synthesis & automatic measurement, and machine-learning model estimation. The optimal evaluation order selected using the algorithm covered several similar molecules (32% of all targeted molecules, whereas that obtained by random sampling and uncertainty sampling was ~7% and ~4%, respectively) with a small number of evaluations (10 molecules: 0.13% of all targeted molecules). The derived binary classification models predicted ‘good solvents’ with an accuracy > 0.8. Overall, we confirmed the effectivity of the proposed semi-automatic scheme in early-stage material search projects for accelerating a wider range of material research.
A Pyridine Dearomatization Approach to the Matrine-type Lupin Alkaloids
Authors: Kerkovius Jeffrey , Stegner Andrea , Turlik Aneta , Lam Pik Hoi , Houk Kendall , Reisman Sarah
Published: May 2022

(+)-Matrine and (+)-isomatrine are tetracyclic alkaloids isolated from the plant Sophora flavescens, the roots of which are used in traditional Chinese medicine. Biosynthetically, these alkaloids are proposed to derive from three molecules of (–)-lysine via the intermediacy of the unstable cyclic imine Δ1-piperidine. Inspired by the biosynthesis, a new dearomative annulation reaction has been developed that leverages pyridine as a stable surrogate for Δ1-piperidine. In this key transformation, two molecules of pyridine are joined with a molecule of glutaryl chloride to give the complete tetracyclic framework of the matrine alkaloids in a single step. Using this dearomative annulation, (+)-isomatrine is synthesized in four steps from inexpensive commercially available chemicals. (+)-Isomatrine then serves as the precursor to additional lupin alkaloids, including (+)-matrine, (+)-allomatrine, (+)-isosophoridine, and (–)-sophoridine.
Advances in nano- and microscale NMR spectroscopy using diamond quantum sensors
Authors: Allert Robin D. , Briegel Karl D. , Bucher Dominik B.
Published: May 2022

Quantum technologies have seen a rapid developmental surge over the last couple of years. Though often overshadowed by quantum computation, quantum sensors show tremendous potential for widespread applications in chemistry and biology. One system stands out in particular: the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, an atomic-sized sensor allowing the detection of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals at unprecedented length scales down to a single proton. In this article, we review the fundamentals of NV center-based quantum sensing and its distinct impact on nano- to microscale NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, we highlight and discuss possible future applications of this novel technology ranging from energy research, material science, or single-cell biology, but also associated challenges of these rapidly developing NMR sensors.
Non-bonded force field parameters from MBIS partitioning of the molecular electron density improve CB7 host-guest affinity predictions
Authors: Gonzalez Duvan , Macaya Luis , Castillo-Orellana Carlos , Verstraelen Toon , Vogt-Geisse Stefan , Vöhringer-Martinez Esteban
Published: May 2022

Binding affinity prediction by means of computer simulation has been increasingly incorporated in drug discovery projects. Its wide application, however, is limited by the prediction accuracy of the free energy calculations. The main error sources are force fields used to describe molecular interactions and incomplete sampling of the configurational space. Organic host-guest systems have been used to address force field quality because they share similar interactions found in ligands and receptors, and their rigidity facilitates configurational sampling. Here, we test the binding free energy prediction accuracy for 14 guests with aromatic or adamantane core and the CB7 host using molecular electron density derived non-bonded force field parameters. We developed a computational workflow written in Python to derive atomic charges and Lennard-Jones parameters with the minimal basis iterative stockholder method using the polarized electron density of several configurations of each guest in the bound and unbound state. The resulting non-bonded force field parameters improve binding affinity prediction, especially for guests with adamantane core in which repulsive exchange and dispersion interactions to the host dominate.
NO as a Reagent for Topochemical Framework Transformation and Controlled Nitric Oxide Release in Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Emmerling Sebastian , Maschita Johannes , Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: May 2022

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as versatile platforms for the separation and storage of hazardous gases. Simultaneously, the synthetic toolbox to tackle the “COF trilemma” has been diversified to include topochemical linkage transformations and post-synthetic stabilization strategies. Herein, we converge these themes and reveal the unique potential of NO as a new reagent for the scalable gas-phase transformation of COFs. Using physisorption and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on 15N-enriched COFs, we study the gas uptake capacity and selectivity of NO adsorption and unravel the interactions of NO with COFs. Our study reveals the clean deamination of terminal amine groups on the particle surfaces by NO, exemplifying a unique surface passivation strategy for COFs. We further describe the formation of a NONOate-linkage by the reaction of NO with an amine-linked COF, which shows controlled release of NO under physiological conditions. NONOate-COFs thus show promise as tunable NO delivery platforms for bioregulatory NO release in biomedical applications.
Overcoming Limitations in Decarboxylative Arylation via Ag-Ni Electrocatalysis
Authors: Palkowitz Maximilian , Laudadio Gabriele , Kolb Simon , Choi Jin , Oderinde Martins , Ewing Tamara , Bolduc Philippe , Chen TeYu , Zhang Hao , Cheng Peter , Zhang Benxiang , Mandler Michael , Richter Jeremy , Collins Michael , Schioldager Ryan , Dhar Murali , Vokits Benjamin , Zhu Yeheng , Echeverria Pierre-Georges , Poss Michael , Shaw Scott , Clementson Sebastian , Petersen Nadia , Mykhailiuk Pavel , Baran Phil
Published: May 2022

A useful protocol for achieving decarboxylative cross coupling (DCC) of redox-active esters (RAE, isolated or generated in situ) and halo(hetero)arenes is reported. This pragmatically focused study employs a unique Ag-Ni electrocatalytic platform to overcome numerous limitations that have plagued this strategically powerful transformation. In its optimized form coupling partners can be combined in a surprisingly simple way: open to the air, technical grade solvents, an inexpensive ligand and Ni source, substoichiometric AgNO3, proceeding at room temperature with a simple commercial potentiostat. Most importantly all of the results are placed into context by benchmarking with state-of-the-art methods. Applications are presented that simplify synthesis and rapidly enable access to challenging chemical space. Finally, adaptation to multiple scale regimes, ranging from parallel mg-based synthesis to decagram recirculating flow is presented
Machine learning assisted high-throughput screening of zeolites for the selective adsorption of xylene isomers
Authors: Hewitt Daniel , Pope Tom , Sarwar Misbah , Turrina Alessandro , Slater Ben
Published: May 2022

The production of widely used polymers such as polyester currently relies upon the chemical separation of and transformation of xylene isomers. The least valuable but most prevalent isomer is meta-xylene which can be selectively transformed into the more useful and expensive para-xylene isomer using a zeolite catalyst but at a high energy cost. In this work, high-throughput screening of existing and hypothetical zeolite databases containing more than two million structures was performed, using a combination of classical simulation and deep neural network methods to identify promising materials for selective adsorption of meta-xylene. Novel anomaly detection techniques were applied to the heavily biased classification task of identifying structures with a selectivity greater than that of the best performing existing zeolite, ZSM-5 (MFI topology). Four hypothetical zeolite topologies are found to be several orders of magnitude more selective towards meta-xylene than ZSM-5 which may provide an impetus for synthetic efforts to realise these promising materials. Moreover, the leading hypothetical frameworks identified from the screening procedure require a markedly lower operating temperature to achieve the diffusion seen in existing materials, suggesting significant energetic savings if the frameworks can be realised.
Metodología para el desarrollo de proyectos (un caso real)
Authors: Derteano Marie Luis Felipe
Published: May 2022

Es importante estimular el pensamiento crítico y creativo que nos permitia establecer puentes entre teoría y práctica, a fin de que ambas se interalimenten en el gran todo del conocimiento.

La universidad debe mantener una gran relación con el mercado, toda vez que las empresas necesitan graduados con una amplia gama de habilidades y conocimientos.

La direccionalidad implica el establecimiento de políticas, plan estratégico, royectos estratégicos, proyectos adicionales o de coyuntura, todo lo cual permitirá logran las ideas, las cuales son creadas espontáneamente por los individuos o grupos informales o formalmente constituidos.

La metodología para desarrollo de proyectos, exige principalmente una estructura organizativa, donde se definan los roles, los participantes y sus funciones. Por otro lado, también se requiere, la formación cuidadosa de los grupos de trabajo, cuyos integrantes se van con su "home work", siendo importante la labor del coordinador del proyecto, ya que deberá ser capaz de adinistrar eficientemente los esfuerzos del grupo.

Por último cabe señalar que las fases del desarrollo del proyecto, deberán desagregarse desde la idea basta su seguimiento post-implantación.
Una nueva forma de molécula del carbono: el Bucky Ball
Authors: Márquez Robles José
Published: May 2022

En 1985 el Dr. Smalley de la Universidad Rice anunció el descubrimiento de una nueva forma de la molécula de carbono de 60 átomos al tratar de repetir las condiciones de los espacios interestelares donde el Dr Kroto de la Universidad de Susex había encontrado  racimos atómicos de carbono de 10 átomos.

El descubrimiento no hubiera pasado de una curiosidad científica si paralelamente los Drs. Hauffamn de Arizona y Krutschmer del Instituto Max Planck no encuentran la forma de producir C-60 de un modo regular. En este momento hay varias unidades en el mundo oerando con arcos voltáicos y atmósferas de helio para producir gramos de la molécula espacial de carbono, que por su semejanza a un bajón de football y al Domo de Buckminster Fuller se ha denominado la Bucky ball con el nombre científico de Buckminster Fullerene.

El mundo tecnológico investiga con mucha espectativa la nueva molécula con aplicación en plásticos, combustibles de cohetería espacial, super y semi conductores, acumuladores eléctricos de gran poder, etc.
Proyecto para el desarrollo integral de zonas áridas
Authors: Salas López María Rosa
Published: May 2022

El Centro de Investigación de la Producción Industrial (CIPI) ha diseñado y está en proceso de implementar el "Proyecto Multidisciplinario para el desarrollo integral de las Zonas Áridas", contando con la participación de los centros de investigación de diversas facultades de la Universidad de Lima, tales como Ciencias de la comunicación y Ciencias Humanas, habiéndose invitado también a la Facultad de Administración y a la Facultad de Derecho, entre otras.

El Proyecto parte de un planteamiento teórico y tecnológico que reconoce los aportes del saber tradicional sobre el manejo de los recursos naturales y las formas de tecnologías propias de los beneficiarios del proyecto para incorporarlas a una propuesta eficiente y creativa en el manejo de los recursos hídricos, producción de las salinas, transformación de las semillas de la jojoba en aceite de múltiples usos industriales.
CD-ROM : El libro electrónico. Base de datos sobre disco óptico
Authors: Lau Chang Gloria
Published: May 2022

La mayoría de memorias ópticas disponibles en la actualidad utilizan el disco como soporte.

Dentro de los discos ópticos se tienen tres familias: los discos editoriales, los discos ópticos numéricos WORM y los discos ópticos numéricos borrables.

El CD-ROM pertenece a la familia de discos editoriales y la sigla significa en inglés Compact Disc Ready Only Memory, es decir, mediante este disco, la computadora adquiere una memoria únicamente de acceso a la lectura. 

El CD-ROM tiene una inmensa capacidad de almacenaje (entre 540 y 600 megabytes), almacena textos, imágenes, gráficos  sonido, lo que permite constituir una base de datos tipo "multimedia".

Actualmente se utiliza en bibliotecas, oficinas, laboratorios, etc., donde se tiende a reemplazar las obras en papel o las consultas en línea por el acceso rápido y la facilidad en la consulta y en la manipulación que este tipo de disco ofrece.

El ingreso de los CD-ROM a las universidades peruanas, sería un reto ya que esta herramienta pondría al alumno, al profesor y al investigador en una actitud diferente respecto al saber. Los métodos de trabajo tendrían que renovarse frente a la necesidad de manejar una gran cantidad de información y una variedad de situaciones pedagógicas.
Principales aspectos que todo empresario debe conocer sobre el sistema financiero nacional
Authors: Daly Rodríguez Eduardo
Published: May 2022

No presenta resumen.
Condiciones de trabajo en la primera fase de la revolución industrial : Biblioteca Nacional de París
Authors: Florez Dávila Cristina
Published: May 2022

La revolución industrial ha transformado profundamente la economía de Europa Occidental. Sus bases medievales recién pudieron consolidarse en el siglo XVIII.

En su primera fase el impacto que tuvo este despegue en lo económico afectó profundamente a la sociedad de la época, creando entornos diferentes y originando problemas en lo demográfico, social y político. Sin embargo, lo más interesante en observar el proceso que ayudó a elaborar un nuevo tipo de sociedad, con sus ventajas y crisis propias, así como la lenta formación de mentalidades colectivas propias de un mundo en cambio constante a partir de esa primera fase de la industrialización.