bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the relationship between species diversity and range size
Authors: Guo Qinfeng , Qian Hong , Zhang Jian
Published: September 2022

Aim

What factors may affect species range sizes remains a central question in ecology and biogeography. Particularly, whether and how species richness may regulate average species range size remains largely elusive. Here, we explore the relationship between species diversity and species range size at a global extent and discuss its implications and significance for ecology and management.

Location

Worldwide.

Taxon

Plants and various groups of animals.

Methods

We used published data on plant richness and range size from around the world and synthesized related literature to assess the richness–range size relationships. We used paired t‐tests and spatial autoregressive models in data analyses. We conducted a series of partial regressions to partition the variation in species ranges explained by paired independent variables (i.e. species richness versus latitude, species richness versus temperature or species richness versus temperature variability).

Results

A negative relationship between species diversity (richness) and species range size is nearly ubiquitous. In most cases, species diversity was a better predictor for species range size than latitude, temperature or temperature variability.

Main conclusions

The diversity predictor works well for different taxonomic groups, regions, continents, and for both terrestrial and marine biomes. High species diversity could imply stronger species interactions such as competition which limit the range sizes of constituent species. A nearly universal negative richness–range size relationship thus has significant implications for species invasion biology and conservation.
Lagging coverage for mental health services among children and adolescents through home and community‐based Medicaid waivers
Authors: Keim‐Malpass Jessica , Constantoulakis Leeza , Shaw Emily K. , Letzkus Lisa C.
Published: September 2022

Problem

Many states cover mental health home and community‐based services (HCBS) for youth through 1915(c) Medicaid HCBS waivers that allow states to waive certain Medicaid eligibility criteria and define high‐risk populations based on age, medical condition(s), and disability status. We sought to evaluate how States are covering children and adolescents with mental health needs through 1915(c) waivers compared to other youth waiver populations.

Methods

Data elements were extracted from Medicaid 1915(c) approved waivers applications for all included waivers targeting any pediatric age range through October 31, 2018. Normalization criteria were developed and an aggregate overall coverage score and level of funding per person per waiver were calculated for each waiver.

Findings

One hundred and forty‐two waivers across 45 states were included in this analysis. Even though there was uniformity in the Medicaid applications, there was great heterogeneity in how waiver eligibility, transition plans, services covered, and wait lists were defined across group classifications. Those with mental health needs (termed serious emotional disturbance) represented 5% of waivers with the least annual funding per person per waiver.

Conclusions

We recommend greater links between public policy, infrastructure, health care providers, and a family‐centered approach to extend coverage and scope of services for children and adolescents with mental health needs.
Delta‐like ligand‐4 regulates Notch‐mediated maturation of second heart field progenitor‐derived pharyngeal arterial endothelial cells
Authors: De Zoysa Prashan , Toubat Omar , Harvey Drayton C. , Yi Christopher , Liu Jiang , Cavallero Susana , Hong Young‐Kwon , Sucov Henry M. , Kumar Subramanyan Ram
Published: September 2022

Mesodermal progenitors in the second heart field (SHF) express Delta‐like‐ligand 4 (Dll4) that regulates Notch‐mediated proliferation. As cells of SHF lineage mature to assume endocardial and myocardial cell fates, we have shown that Dll4 expression is lost, and the subsequent expression of another Notch ligand Jagged1 regulates Notch‐mediated maturation events in the developing heart. A subset of SHF progenitors also matures to form the pharyngeal arch artery (PAA) endothelium. Dll4 was originally identified as an arterial endothelial‐specific Notch ligand that plays an important role in blood vessel maturation, but its role in aortic arch maturation has not been studied to date secondary to the early lethality observed in Dll4 knockout mice. We show that, unlike in SHF‐derived endocardium and myocardium, Dll4 expression persists in SHF‐derived arterial endothelial cells. Using SHF‐specific conditional deletion of Dll4, we demonstrate that as SHF cells transition from their progenitor state to an endothelial fate, Dll4‐mediated Notch signalling switches from providing proliferative to maturation cues. Dll4 expression maintains arterial identity in the PAAs and plays a critical role in the maturation and re‐organization of the 4th pharyngeal arch artery, in particular. Haploinsufficiency of Dll4 in SHF leads to highly penetrant aortic arch artery abnormalities, similar to those observed in the clinic, primarily resulting from aberrant reorganization of bilateral 4th pharyngeal arch arteries. Hence, we show that cells of SHF lineage that assume an arterial endothelial fate continue to express Dll4 and the resulting Dll4‐mediated Notch signalling transitions from an early proliferative to a later maturation role during aortic arch development.
Family systems and obesity: A review of key concepts and influences within and between family subsystems and a call for family‐informed interventions
Authors: Novak Josh R. , Pratt Keeley , Hernandez Daphne C. , Berge Jerica M.
Published: September 2022

Research on the social determinants of obesity describes the importance of family dynamics and how they can influence an individual's weight and weight‐related behaviors. These proximal influences include parent–child, couple, and limited research on intergenerational and sibling dynamics. However, familial research is often isolated to one relationship subsystem (i.e., parent–child or couple) and is not integrated into the larger Family Systems Theory (FST) framework. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to present recommendations for future work by expounding on FST concepts for weight management and obesity prevention, and to provide a review of the theoretical and empirical evidence for each family system and subsystem, including (a) the extended family, (b) family environment, (c) couple, (d) parent–child, and (e) sibling, and present methodological and analytical considerations.
The transcriptional co‐repressor SEED DORMANCY 4‐LIKE (AtSDR4L) promotes the embryonic‐to‐vegetative transition in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wu Ting , Alizadeh Milad , Lu Bailan , Cheng Jinkui , Hoy Ryan , Bu Miaoyu , Laqua Emma , Tang Dongxue , He Junna , Go Dongeun , Gong Zhizhong , Song Liang
Published: September 2022

Repression of embryonic traits during the seed‐to‐seedling phase transition requires the inactivation of master transcription factors associated with embryogenesis. How the timing of such inactivation is controlled is unclear. Here, we report on a novel transcriptional co‐repressor, Arabidopsis thaliana SDR4L, that forms a feedback inhibition loop with the master transcription factors LEC1 and ABI3 to repress embryonic traits post‐imbibition. LEC1 and ABI3 regulate their own expression by inducing AtSDR4L during mid to late embryogenesis. AtSDR4L binds to sites upstream of LEC1 and ABI4, and these transcripts are upregulated in Atsdr4l seedlings. Atsdr4l seedlings phenocopy a LEC1 overexpressor. The embryonic traits of Atsdr4l can be partially rescued by impairing LEC1 or ABI3. The penetrance and expressivity of the Atsdr4l phenotypes depend on both developmental and external cues, demonstrating the importance of AtSDR4L in seedling establishment under suboptimal conditions.
Assembly dynamics of East Asian subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests: New insights from the dominant Fagaceae trees
Authors: Hai Lisi , Li Xiao‐Qian , Zhang Jing‐Bo , Xiang Xiao‐Guo , Li Rui‐Qi , Jabbour Florian , Ortiz Rosa del C. , Lu An‐Ming , Chen Zhi‐Duan , Wang Wei
Published: September 2022

The dominant species of a biome can be regarded as its genuine indicator. Evergreen broadleaved forests (EBLFs) in subtropical East Asia harbor high levels of species biodiversity and endemism and are vital to regional carbon storage and cycling. However, the historical assembly of this unique biome is still controversial. Fagaceae is the most essential family in East Asian subtropical EBLFs and its dominant species are vital for the existence of this biome. Here, we used the dominant Fagaceae species to shed light on the dynamic process of East Asian subtropical EBLFs over time. Our results indicate high precipitation in summer and low temperature in winter are the most influential climatic factors for the distribution of East Asian subtropical EBLFs. Modern East Asian subtropical EBLFs did not begin to appear until 23 Ma, subsequently experienced a long‐lasting development in the Miocene and markedly deteriorated at about 4 Ma, driven jointly by orogenesis and paleoclimate. We also document that there is a lag time between when one clade invaded the region and when its members become dominant species within the region. This study may improve our ability to predict and mitigate the threats to biodiversity of East Asian subtropical EBLFs and points to a new path for future studies involving multidisciplinary methods to explore the assembly of regional biomes.
Specific detection and deletion of the sigma‐1 receptor widely expressed in neurons and glial cells in vivo
Authors: Liu Qing , Guo Qilin , Fang Li‐Pao , Yao Honghong , Scheller Anja , Kirchhoff Frank , Huang Wenhui
Published: September 2022

The chaperon protein sigma‐1 receptor (S1R) has been discovered over 40 years ago. Recent pharmacological studies using S1R exogenous ligands demonstrated a promising therapeutical potential of targeting the S1R in several neurological disorders. Although intensive in vitro studies have revealed S1Rs are mainly residing at the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the cell‐specific in vivo expression pattern of S1Rs is still unclear, mainly because of the lack of a reliable detection method which also prevented a comprehensive functional analysis. Here, first, we identified a highly specific antibody using S1R knockout (KO) mice and established an immunohistochemical protocol involving a 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) antigen retrieval step. Second, we characterized the S1R expression in the mouse brain and can demonstrate that the S1R is widely expressed: in principal neurons, interneurons and all glial cell types. In addition, unlike reported in previous studies, we showed that the S1R expression in astrocytes is not colocalized with the astrocytic cytoskeleton protein GFAP. Thus, our results raise concerns over previously reported S1R properties. Finally, we generated a Cre‐dependent S1R conditional KO mouse (S1R flox) to study cell‐type‐specific functions of the S1R. As a proof of concept, we successfully ablated S1R expressions in neurons or microglia employing neuronal and microglial Cre‐expressing mice, respectively. In summary, we provide powerful tools to cell‐specifically detect, delete and functionally characterize S1R in vivo.

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Role of interaction for caller satisfaction in telenursing—A cross‐sectional survey study
Authors: Mattisson Marie , Börjeson Sussanne , Årestedt Kristofer , Lindberg Malou
Published: September 2022

Aims and objectives

The aim of this study was to explore caller satisfaction with interaction, and the association to overall satisfaction with calls.

Background

In the era of expanding healthcare at distance, the telephone remains a common tool for the provision of nursing care. Interaction between telenurse and caller in telenursing is vital for safety, satisfaction and adherence reasons. Few studies have quantitatively explored interaction in calls and how it relates to overall satisfaction with calls.

Design

Cross‐sectional survey study with a deductive approach.

Methods

A total of 466 callers to the Swedish Medical Advisory Service completed the Telenursing Interaction and Satisfaction Questionnaire. Satisfaction with four theoretically defined components of interaction were compared using repeated measures ANOVA. Associations between satisfaction with interaction and overall satisfaction with calls were evaluated with ordinal logistic regression models with and without adjustment for age, sex, health status, waiting time, time for call, main result of the call and expectations. The study followed the STROBE checklist.

Results

Callers were most satisfied with affective support, followed by professional‐technical competence, health information and decisional control—in that order. A summated score of satisfaction with interaction was positively and significantly associated with overall satisfaction with calls before and after adjustment for waiting time, main result of call and variables related to the individual caller.

Conclusions

Caller satisfaction with interaction is generally high but can be improved, especially regarding decisional control. Satisfaction with interaction is important for overall satisfaction with calls.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study provides support for professionals at all levels in telenursing organisations to pay attention to interactional matters. The development of best practice for telenurses needs to consider all four components of interaction to enhance satisfaction with calls.
Hsa‐miR‐3202 attenuates Jurkat cell infiltration via MMP2 in primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Gao Qi , Ye Zhuang , Liu Tao , Jiang Jing , Jiang Zhenyu , Cao Donghui , Zhao Ling
Published: September 2022

Background

Primary Sjögren's syndrome is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and dysfunction of exocrine glands. The persistent presence of lymphocytes in these glands is an important cause of injury to glandular epithelial cells. MicroRNAs play an important role in primary Sjögren's syndrome and regulate mRNA expression. This study evaluated the expression of microRNA related to lymphocyte infiltration in primary Sjögren's syndrome patients so as to find novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for primary Sjögren's syndrome. We also explored the microRNA–mRNA networks related to lymphocyte infiltration.

Methods

mRNA‐seq and microRNA‐seq of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were performed on samples from five primary Sjögren's syndrome patients and five matched healthy controls. Meanwhile, microRNA–mRNA network analysis was also conducted. RT‐qPCR was used for validation of differentially expressed RNAs. Immunohistochemistry analysis was used to detect MMP2 expression in labial gland tissue. Hsa‐miR‐3202 mimics/inhibitor‐transfected Jurkat cells were used to measure the effects of hsa‐miR‐3202 on the infiltration potential of T cells.

Results

mRNA and microRNA sequencing revealed that 84 differentially expressed mRNAs and 49 differentially expressed microRNAs had a mutual regulatory relationship. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that differentially expressed MMP2 and its related microRNA, hsa‐miR‐3202, were enriched in the leukocyte transendothelial migration pathway. MMP2 was highly expressed in PBMC and labial gland tissue in primary Sjögren's syndrome patients. Hsa‐miR‐3202 was lower expressed in primary Sjögren's syndrome than healthy control. Furthermore, hsa‐miR‐3202 mimics transfection decreased MMP2 expression in Jurkat cells, and inhibited Jurkat cells invasion (p = 0.047).

Conclusion

Large number of differentially expressed microRNAs and mRNAs were detected in primary Sjögren's syndrome, and these differentially expressed microRNAs and mRNAs had a mutual regulatory relationship and played an important role in primary Sjögren's syndrome. In the study, we found hsa‐miR‐3202 regulate MMP2 and inhibited the infiltration of T cells from peripheral blood into the gland, which played a protective role.
Deep learning‐based automatic detection of muck types for earth pressure balance shield tunneling in soft ground
Authors: Zhang Dongming , Fu Lei , Huang Hongwei , Wu Huiming , Li Gang
Published: September 2022

For the earth pressure balance shield, the muck can reflect soil information at the tunnel face to track the change in geologic conditions. Thus, this paper presents a general framework for automatic detection of muck types based on the on‐site surveillance camera using deep learning algorithms. A simplified muck classification method and the corresponding muck recognition criteria are proposed for the muck detection task. The muck detection model (MDM) based on You Only Look Once v4, is established on the muck dataset for Shanghai (MSH) after some optimization treatments. The mean average precision value of 97.73% of MDM is twice that of the original model of 48.47%. The MDM is then applied to Metro Line 14 in Shanghai. Results show that The MDM performs well and meets the real‐time requirements with frames per second of 60, and it outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art detection models both in accuracy and speed.
Tired of climate targets? Shift focus of IPCC scenarios from emission and growth targets to policies
Authors: Savin Ivan , van den Bergh Jeroen
Published: September 2022

Climate change has revived the debate on growth‐versus‐environment. In line with this, recently it has been proposed to shift the target focus of IPCC scenarios from emissions to post‐growth. We argue here that this confounds ends and means, since while reduction of growth may be an outcome of good climate policies, it should not be a goal in itself. In fact, a post‐ or degrowth goal would mean an ineffective and costly way to reduce emissions. Instead, we suggest that the debate about pursuing economic growth versus achieving climate goals will become more transparent and policy‐relevant through refocusing scenarios from targets to policy.
One‐year Ocular Safety Observation of Workers and Estimations of Microorganism Inactivation Efficacy in the Room Irradiated with 222‐nm Far Ultraviolet‐C Lamps
Authors: Sugihara Kazunobu , Kaidzu Sachiko , Sasaki Masahiro , Ichioka Sho , Takayanagi Yuji , Shimizu Hiroshi , Sano Ichiya , Hara Katsunori , Tanito Masaki
Published: September 2022

Two krypton‐chloride germicidal excimer lamp units (Care222 TRT‐104C11‐UI‐U3, USHIO Inc.) were installed in the examination room of an ophthalmology department. The irradiation dose was set not to exceed the former (i.e., before 2022) threshold limit value (TLV) (22 mJ cm−2/8 h) recommended by the ACGIH. Section 1: The eyes and lids of the six ophthalmologists (5 wore glasses for myopic correction) who worked in the room for a mean stay of 6.7 h week−1 were prospectively observed for 12 months. Slitlamp examinations revealed neither acute adverse events such as corneal erosion, conjunctival hyperemia, and lid skin erythema nor chronic adverse events such as pterygium, cataract, or lid tumor. The visual acuity, refractive error, and corneal endothelial cell density remained unchanged during the study. Section 2: The irradiation of samples placed on the table or floor using the same fixtures in the room (5–7.5 mJ cm−2) was associated with >99% inhibition of φX174 phage and >90% inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, no acute or chronic health effects in human participants was observed in a clinical setting of full‐room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation by 222‐nm lamp units, and high efficacy in deactivation of microorganisms was determined in the same setting.
Configuration of digital and physical infrastructure platforms: Private and public perspectives
Authors: Joglekar Nitin , Anderson Edward G. , Lee Kyungmin (Brad) , Parker Geoffrey , Settanni Ettore , Srai Jagjit Singh
Published: September 2022

Investments in infrastructure platforms aim to enhance supply chain performance. We build on network‐based models of platform growth to characterize configurations of digital and physical supply chain infrastructure. We define cross‐platform effect as the value accrued by a platform on one side of a multiplatform configuration as capability for the opposite side platform evolves. We posit that aligning cross‐platform effect across digital and physical infrastructure enhances system outcomes. Our arguments are informed by evidence on private–public partnerships for developing production and distribution infrastructure in the pharmaceutical industry. We identify enablers and inhibitors for cross‐platform effects within these data in terms of product and process technology readiness, path‐dependent standards creation, organizational alignment, regulatory fragmentation, and the desire towards such infrastructure yielding resilient outcomes. Implications of findings, in shaping analytical and empirical research on managing supply chain infrastructure, at the levels of firms, industries, and public policies are discussed.
Calcium chelate is as effective as phosphite in controlling Phytophthora root rot in glasshouse trials
Authors: Khdiar Mohammed Y. , Burgess Treena I. , Barber Paul A. , Hardy Giles E. St.J.
Published: September 2022

Species in the genus Phytophthora cause significant economic losses in crops and damage to forests and natural ecosystems worldwide. Currently, phosphite is the most effective chemical for disease management, but excessive phosphite concentrations can result in phytotoxicity in plants and the development of tolerance by the pathogen. Two newly developed metal chelates and phosphite (alone and in combination) were tested for their in vitro and in planta efficacy against Phytophthora cinnamomi. In glasshouse trials, 0.25% and 0.5% of each chemical treatment (phosphite, Ca chelate, Zn chelate) and Ca chelate + phosphite were used as a foliar application on 3‐month‐old seedlings of Banksia grandis (experiment not repeated) and Eucalyptus marginata, prior to inoculation with P. cinnamomi. All noninoculated control plants remained healthy, while significant root damage and reduction of dry root weights were observed for inoculated untreated plants. Individually, phosphite and Ca chelate significantly reduced root lesion development of P. cinnamomi compared to the control, with Ca chelate attaining superior results to phosphite at the same concentration. In combination, Ca chelate + phosphite had the largest reduction in root lesion development in both plant species; however, this result has not yet been replicated but did reflect previous in vitro results. The Zn chelate applications were not effective. Ca chelate has the potential to be developed as a fungicide to control Phytophthora species.
Association between frequency of going out and mild cognitive impairment in community‐dwelling older adults: a pilot study in frailty prevention groups
Authors: Minaki Kazuma , Amano Hiroki , Masumoto Toshio , Otani Shinji , Urakami Katsuya , Kurozawa Youichi
Published: September 2022

Background

Clarifying the role of physical limitations in the relationship between frequency of going out and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may be useful in supporting early detection and prevention of MCI. However, few studies have explored relatively active populations that are continuously active throughout the year. This study aimed to determine the relationship between frequency of going out and MCI among non‐homebound older adults who participated in group activities to prevent frailty.

Methods

This prospective cohort study used frequency of going out as the exposure and MCI as the outcome. The Touch Panel‐type Dementia Assessment Scale and questionnaires about daily life were completed by 153 community‐dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years participating in frailty prevention groups in a rural town. The baseline survey was conducted from December 2017 to March 2018 and analysed cross‐sectionally. Follow‐up surveys were conducted at 1‐ and 2‐years and analysed longitudinally.

Results

Univariate and binomial logistic regression analyses at baseline showed no association between MCI and frequency of going out in older adults with physical limitations. However, there was a significant association in older adults without physical limitations. A binomial logistic regression analysis of the frequency of going out at baseline and cognitive function at the 2‐year follow‐up showed no association between MCI and frequency of going out in older adults with physical limitations, but there was a significant association in those without physical limitations.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that frequency of going out may not be a useful indicator of MCI in older adults with physical limitations, although low frequency of going out may be an indicator of MCI in older adults without physical limitations.
Review of waste phosphorus from aquaculture: Source, removal and recovery
Authors: Luo Guozhi
Published: September 2022

The contribution of phosphorus to water body eutrophication is a global environmental problem, and rapid increases in aquaculture are considered a significant source of phosphorus discharged into the environment. The current review focuses on the source of aquaculture waste phosphorus and measures to decrease phosphorus release into the environment. Because diets are a significant source of phosphorus in fed aquaculture systems, improving the utilization efficiency of dietary phosphorus can reduce the amount of waste phosphorus at the source. A wide range of removal and recovery technologies has been identified, including adsorption, crystallization, enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), denitrifying phosphorus removal, heterotrophic nitrification aerobic denitrification (HAND) and photosynthetic organism removal. Recovery technologies were also reviewed, particularly sludge phosphorus from recirculating aquaculture systems. A new method using bacteria to immobilize waste nitrogen and phosphorus into bioflocs has been proposed as a better solution. However, most of these technologies have only been implemented at the lab scale to pilot scale. Further studies are necessary to determine the working conditions and removal capacities of related technologies on a commercial scale. Moreover, phosphorus removal methods must be selected based on a consideration of recyclability.
Utility-Based Bayesian Personalized Treatment Selection for Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Lee Juhee , Thall Peter F. , Lim Bora , Msaouel Pavlos
Published: September 2022

A Bayesian method is proposed for personalized treatment selection in settings where data are available from a randomized clinical trial with two or more outcomes. The motivating application is a randomized trial that compared letrozole plus bevacizumab to letrozole alone as first-line therapy for hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. The combination treatment arm had larger median progression-free survival time, but also a higher rate of severe toxicities. This suggests that the risk-benefit trade-off between these two outcomes should play a central role in selecting each patient's treatment, particularly since older patients are less likely to tolerate severe toxicities. To quantify the desirability of each possible outcome combination for an individual patient, we elicited from breast cancer oncologists a utility function that varied with age. The utility was used as an explicit criterion for quantifying risk-benefit trade-offs when making personalized treatment selections. A Bayesian nonparametric multivariate regression model with a dependent Dirichlet process prior was fit to the trial data. Under the fitted model, a new patient's treatment can be selected based on the posterior predictive utility distribution. For the breast cancer trial dataset, the optimal treatment depends on the patient's age, with the combination preferable for patients 70 years or younger and the single agent preferable for patients older than 70.
“Please help us with important research”: A retrospective analysis examining the impact of research invitation and participation on subsequent blood donor behavior
Authors: Kruse Sarah P. , Nguyen Lilly , Karki Surendra , Thorpe Rachel , Davison Tanya E.
Published: September 2022

Background

As over‐communication can negatively impact consumer behavior, it is important to understand the impact of research communication on donors' future donation behavior. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of (i) being invited to participate in research, and (ii) participating in that research, on future donation behavior.

Study Design and Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted with 36,418 donors who were invited to participate in one of 17 research projects, and a matched control group of 36,252 non‐invited donors. Poisson regression models were used to examine the associations between invitation or participation in the studies and the likelihood of creating an appointment to donate and attending an appointment at 1, 3, and 6 months.

Results

Donors were significantly more likely to create an appointment within 14 days of receiving an invitation compared to controls (RR: 1.91, 95% CI 1.81–2.02), and to return to donate at 1 (RR:1.18, 95% CI 1.13–1.24), 3 (RR:1.10, 95% CI 1.07–1.13) and 6 (RR:1.11, 95% CI 1.09–1.13) months compared to non‐invited controls. Donors who participated in the research were more likely to return than control donors at all time points, while donors who were invited but did not participate were also likely to return more at 1 month (RR:1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.11) and 6 months (RR:1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.5) than non‐invited controls.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that research participation is positively associated with future donor behavior and provides reassurance that contacting donors for research does not negatively impact blood collections.
Systematic Literature Review on Academic Entrepreneurship by Bibliometric Metadata Analysis
Authors: Domingues Marco Antonio , Santana Hortência E Pereira , Ruzene Denise Santos , Silva Daniel Pereira
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this article is to map the field of Academic Entrepreneurship focusing on the search for models that evaluate the viability of intellectual property as a product. The study was based on articles retrieved from the Web of Science database covering the period from 1988 to 2020, where the metadata data analysis was carried out using the RStudio software, bibliometrix package, and the web interface Biblioshiny, and a systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol, Extension for Scoping Reviews. The findings revealed that the main objectives of studies on academic entrepreneurship are related to the analysis of human (training, leadership, and motivation), physical and management resources, as they are pointed out as the most necessary incentives to improve universities AE. Therefore, it was concluded that most models on AE are for the evaluation of the development of entrepreneurship in the academic environment and there is a research gap to develop models aiming at the commercialization of intellectual property.
Neonatal antibiotics have long term sex‐dependent effects on the enteric nervous system
Authors: Poon Sabrina S. B. , Hung Lin Y. , Wu Qinglong , Parathan Pavitha , Yalcinkaya Nazli , Haag Anthony , Luna Ruth Ann , Bornstein Joel C. , Savidge Tor C. , Foong Jaime P. P.
Published: September 2022

Infants and young children receive the highest exposures to antibiotics globally. Although there is building evidence that early life exposure to antibiotics increases susceptibility to various diseases including gut disorders later in life, the lasting impact of early life antibiotics on the physiology of the gut and its enteric nervous system (ENS) remains unclear. We treated neonatal mice with the antibiotic vancomycin during their first 10 postnatal days, then examined potential lasting effects of the antibiotic treatment on their colons during young adulthood (6 weeks old). We found that neonatal vancomycin treatment disrupted the gut functions of young adult female and male mice differently. Antibiotic‐exposed females had significantly longer whole gut transit while antibiotic‐treated males had significantly lower faecal weights compared to controls. Both male and female antibiotic‐treated mice had greater percentages of faecal water content. Neonatal vancomycin treatment also had sexually dimorphic impacts on the neurochemistry and Ca2+ activity of young adult myenteric and submucosal neurons. Myenteric neurons of male mice were more disrupted than those of females, while opposing changes in submucosal neurons were seen in each sex. Neonatal vancomycin also induced sustained changes in colonic microbiota and lasting depletion of mucosal serotonin (5‐HT) levels. Antibiotic impacts on microbiota and mucosal 5‐HT were not sex‐dependent, but we propose that the responses of the host to these changes are sex‐specific. This first demonstration of long‐term impacts of neonatal antibiotics on the ENS, gut microbiota and mucosal 5‐HT has important implications for gut function and other physiological systems of the host.

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Key points

Early life exposure to antibiotics can increase susceptibility to diseases including functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders later in life. Yet, the lasting impact of this common therapy on the gut and its enteric nervous system (ENS) remains unclear.

We investigated the long‐term impact of neonatal antibiotic treatment by treating mice with the antibiotic vancomycin during their neonatal period, then examining their colons during young adulthood.

Adolescent female mice given neonatal vancomycin treatment had significantly longer whole gut transit times, while adolescent male and female mice treated with neonatal antibiotics had significantly wetter stools.

Effects of neonatal vancomycin treatment on the neurochemistry and Ca2+ activity of myenteric and submucosal neurons were sexually dimorphic. Neonatal vancomycin also had lasting effects on the colonic microbiome and mucosal serotonin biosynthesis that were not sex‐dependent.

Different male and female responses to antibiotic‐induced disruptions of the ENS, microbiota and mucosal serotonin biosynthesis can lead to sex‐specific impacts on gut function.
The cohesion of National and Cultural networks during periods of stress
Authors: Monroig Vives Rafael
Published: September 2022

Human beings tend to organize themselves in groups. These groups need to be robust to enable effective cooperation among individuals. According to some researchers (Ostrom, 1990; Suárez et al., 2011), a collective group identity based on shared cultural symbols, a shared religion or a common language is key to foster cooperation. To investigate this hypothesis, data was extracted from Twitter and two network graphs (the nodes were Twitter users and the links were the relationships among users) were created around two Spanish political parties during the 2017 Catalan elections, Ciudadanos and Podemos. On the one hand, the members of Ciudadanos’ network shared ideological positioning and cultural collective identity (they identified themselves with Spanish cultural symbols). On the other hand, Podemos’ members in the network shared ideological positioning but not a cultural identity (some of Podemos’ users identified with Catalan symbols and others with Spanish symbols). The results of different network cohesion metrics (e.g., Clustering Coefficient and Average Distance) show that Ciudadanos’ network was more cohesive than Podemos’ one.
Measuring the distortion of speech by a facemask
Authors: Rothenberg Martin , Rothenberg Sandra
Published: September 2022

Most prior research focuses on the reduced amplitude of speech caused by facemasks. This paper argues that the interaction between the acoustic properties of a facemask and the acoustic properties of the vocal tract contributes to speech distortion by changing the formants of the voice. Speech distortion of a number of masks was tested by measuring the increase in damping of the first formant. Results suggest that masks dampen the first formant and that increasing the distance between the mask wall and mouth can reduce this distortion. These findings contribute to the research studying the impact of masks on speech.
Proteotype coevolution and quantitative diversity across 11 mammalian species
Authors: Ba Qian , Hei Yuanyuan , Dighe Anasuya , Li Wenxue , Maziarz Jamie , Pak Irene , Wang Shisheng , Wagner Günter P. , Liu Yansheng
Published: September 2022

Evolutionary profiling has been largely limited to the nucleotide level. Using consistent proteomic methods, we quantified proteomic and phosphoproteomic layers in fibroblasts from 11 common mammalian species, with transcriptomes as reference. Covariation analysis indicates that transcript and protein expression levels and variabilities across mammals remarkably follow functional role, with extracellular matrix–associated expression being the most variable, demonstrating strong transcriptome-proteome coevolution. The biological variability of gene expression is universal at both interindividual and interspecies scales but to a different extent. RNA metabolic processes particularly show higher interspecies versus interindividual variation. Our results further indicate that while the ubiquitin-proteasome system is strongly conserved in mammals, lysosome-mediated protein degradation exhibits remarkable variation between mammalian lineages. In addition, the phosphosite profiles reveal a phosphorylation coevolution network independent of protein abundance.
Reduced plate motion controlled timing of Early Jurassic Karoo-Ferrar large igneous province volcanism
Authors: Ruhl Micha , Hesselbo Stephen P. , Jenkyns Hugh C. , Xu Weimu , Silva Ricardo L. , Matthews Kara J. , Mather Tamsin A. , Mac Niocaill Conall , Riding James B.
Published: September 2022

Past large igneous province (LIP) emplacement is commonly associated with mantle plume upwelling and led to major carbon emissions. One of Earth’s largest past environmental perturbations, the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE; ~183 Ma), has been linked to Karoo-Ferrar LIP emplacement. However, the role of mantle plumes in controlling the onset and timing of LIP magmatism is poorly understood. Using global plate reconstruction models and Lower Toarcian sedimentary mercury (Hg) concentrations, we demonstrate (i) that the T-OAE occurred coevally with Karoo-Ferrar emplacement and (ii) that timing and duration of LIP emplacement was governed by reduced Pangean plate motion, associated with a reversal in plate movement direction. This new model mechanistically links Earth’s interior and surficial processes, and the mechanism is consistent with the timing of several of the largest LIP volcanic events throughout Earth history and, thus, the timing of many of Earth’s past global climate change and mass extinction events.
Design metastability in high-entropy alloys by tailoring unstable fault energies
Authors: Wang Xin , De Vecchis Rafael Rodriguez , Li Chenyang , Zhang Hanlei , Hu Xiaobing , Sridar Soumya , Wang Yuankang , Chen Wei , Xiong Wei
Published: September 2022

Metastable alloys with transformation-/twinning-induced plasticity (TRIP/TWIP) can overcome the strength-ductility trade-off in structural materials. Originated from the development of traditional alloys, the intrinsic stacking fault energy (ISFE) has been applied to tailor TRIP/TWIP in high-entropy alloys (HEAs) but with limited quantitative success. Here, we demonstrate a strategy for designing metastable HEAs and validate its effectiveness by discovering seven alloys with experimentally observed metastability for TRIP/TWIP. We propose unstable fault energies as the more effective design metric and attribute the deformation mechanism of metastable face-centered cubic alloys to unstable martensite fault energy (UMFE)/unstable twin fault energy (UTFE) rather than ISFE. Among the studied HEAs and steels, the traditional ISFE criterion fails in more than half of the cases, while the UMFE/UTFE criterion accurately predicts the deformation mechanisms in all cases. The UMFE/UTFE criterion provides an effective paradigm for developing metastable alloys with TRIP/TWIP for an enhanced strength-ductility synergy.
The microbiome-derived metabolite TMAO drives immune activation and boosts responses to immune checkpoint blockade in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Mirji Gauri , Worth Alison , Bhat Sajad Ahmad , El Sayed Mohamed , Kannan Toshitha , Goldman Aaron R. , Tang Hsin-Yao , Liu Qin , Auslander Noam , Dang Chi V. , Abdel-Mohsen Mohamed , Kossenkov Andrew , Stanger Ben Z. , Shinde Rahul S.
Published: September 2022

The composition of the gut microbiome can control innate and adaptive immunity and has emerged as a key regulator of tumor growth, especially in the context of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. However, the underlying mechanisms for how the microbiome affects tumor growth remain unclear. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tends to be refractory to therapy, including ICB. Using a nontargeted, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry–based metabolomic screen, we identified the gut microbe–derived metabolite trimethylamine
N
-oxide (TMAO), which enhanced antitumor immunity to PDAC. Delivery of TMAO intraperitoneally or via a dietary choline supplement to orthotopic PDAC-bearing mice reduced tumor growth, associated with an immunostimulatory tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotype, and activated effector T cell response in the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, TMAO potentiated the type I interferon (IFN) pathway and conferred antitumor effects in a type I IFN–dependent manner. Delivering TMAO-primed macrophages intravenously produced similar antitumor effects. Combining TMAO with ICB (anti-PD1 and/or anti-Tim3) in a mouse model of PDAC significantly reduced tumor burden and improved survival beyond TMAO or ICB alone. Last, the levels of bacteria containing CutC (an enzyme that generates trimethylamine, the TMAO precursor) correlated with long-term survival in patients with PDAC and improved response to anti-PD1 in patients with melanoma. Together, our study identifies the gut microbial metabolite TMAO as a driver of antitumor immunity and lays the groundwork for potential therapeutic strategies targeting TMAO.
Insights from and limitations of data linkage studies: analysis of short-stay urgent admission referral source from routinely collected Scottish data
Authors: Dick Smita , Kyle Richard , Wilson Philip , Aucott Lorna , France Emma , King E , Malcolm Cari , Hoddinott Pat , Turner Stephen W
Published: September 2022

Introduction

This study identified the referral source for urgent short-stay admissions (SSAs) and compared characteristics of children with SSA stratified by different referral sources.

Methods

Routinely acquired data from urgent admissions to Scottish hospitals during 2015–2017 were linked to data held by the three referral sources: emergency department (ED), out-of-hours (OOH) service and general practice (GP).

Results

There were 171 039 admissions including 92 229 (54%) SSAs. Only 171 (19%) of all of Scotland’s GP practices contributed data. Among the subgroup of 10 588 SSAs where GP data were available (11% all SSA), there was contact with the following referral source on the day of admission: only ED, 1853 (18%); only GP, 3384 (32%); and only OOH, 823 (8%). Additionally, 2165 (20%) had contact with more than one referral source, and 1037 (10%) had contact with referral source(s) on the day before the admission. When all 92 229 SSAs were considered, those with an ED referrer were more likely to be for older children, of white ethnicity, living in more deprived communities and diagnosed with asthma, convulsions or croup. The odds ratio for an SSA for a given condition differed by referral source and ranged from 0.07 to 1.9 (with reference to ED referrals).

Conclusion

This study yielded insights and potential limitations regarding data linkage in a healthcare setting. Data coverage, particularly from primary care, needs to improve further. Evidence from data linkage studies can inform future intervention designed to provide safe integrated care pathways.
Risk factors for infections after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): a retrospective cohort analysis of US Medicare Fee-For-Service claims, 2015–2021
Authors: Hutfless Susan , Shiratori Yasutoshi , Chu Daniel , Liu Simon , Kalloo Anthony
Published: September 2022

Objective

Contaminated reprocessed duodenoscopes pose a serious threat to patients in the endoscopy unit. Despite manufacturer changes to reprocessing guidelines, 20% of reprocessed duodenoscopes meet criteria for quarantine-level contamination based on microbiological or ATP testing. We aimed to examine risk factors for postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) infection.

Design

Retrospective cohort analysis.

Setting

US Medicare Fee-For-Service claims (2015–2021) and all-payer data (2017).

Participants

In the Medicare data, 823 575 ERCP procedures were included. The all-payer five-state data, 16 609 procedures were included.

Interventions

ERCP was identified by Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Disease (ICD) procedure codes. We identified inpatient infections using ICD diagnosis codes.

Outcome measures

A logistic regression model predicted risk factors for infections occurring within 7-day and 30-day periods following ERCP. 7-day and 30-day all-cause hospitalisations and post-ERCP pancreatitis were also examined.

Results

Post-ERCP infection occurred within 3.5% of 7-day and 7.7% of 30-day periods in Medicare. Disposable duodenoscopes were billed in 711 procedures, with 1.4% (n=10, 7-day) and 3.5% (n=25, 30-day) post-ERCP infections. Urgent ERCPs were the strongest risk factor for infections in the 7-day period (OR 3.3, 95% CI 3.2 to 3.4). Chronic conditions, sex (male), age (older) and race (non-white) were also risk factors. In the all-payer five-state data, fewer infections (2.4%, 7 days) were observed. No difference arose between Medicare and other payers for 7-day period infections (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.3).

Conclusions

Urgent ERCPs, patient chronic conditions and patient demographics are post-ERCP infection risk factors. Patients with infection risk factors should be targeted for specialised infection control prevention measures, including disposable duodenoscopes.