bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Residential Energy-Saving Lighting Based on Bioinspired Algorithms
Authors: Wu Yuhang , Zhang Yitong , Ilmin Nah , Sui Jing
Published: May 2022

Traditional residential lighting systems have the problem of high energy consumption. Based on artificial neural network (ANN), combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm, and genetic algorithm to optimize the initial weights and thresholds, an improved ANN prediction model for residential energy-saving lighting is proposed, and an actual residential lighting project is taken as an example to verify it. The results show that the proposed method can quickly predict the number of residential lighting lamps under the premise of meeting the standard illumination of residential lighting. The prediction accuracy can reach 98.45%, which has the characteristics of high prediction accuracy and small error. Compared with the ANN model and ANFIS model, the average relative error of the proposed prediction model is reduced by 2.29% and 0.87%, respectively, which has certain effectiveness and superiority. It provides a new idea for residential energy-saving lighting.
Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm and Low-Energy Consumption Design of Circuit Breaker
Authors: Li Guodong , Tian Yunhe , Xie Min
Published: May 2022

In the transmission and distribution system, the high-energy consumption of the low-voltage circuit breaker easily leads to the decrease of the distribution efficiency of the system. Therefore, on the basis of calculating the internal power consumption of circuit breakers, combining with several factors affecting the energy consumption of circuit breakers, the low-energy consumption mathematical model of circuit breakers is built, and an improved whale optimization algorithm (LA-WOA) is proposed for optimization. The Lévy flight mechanism and the adaptive weight factor are introduced into the traditional whale algorithm to enhance the global and local search ability of the algorithm and also improve the convergence speed and accuracy of the algorithm. The test function simulation experiment proves that the improved algorithm has better performance than other algorithms. Furthermore, the improved LA-WOA algorithm is used to iteratively solve the low-energy consumption mathematical model of the circuit breaker. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm obtains a lower-energy consumption value, which can effectively improve the design efficiency and accuracy of the circuit breaker.
Arabic Speech Analysis for Classification and Prediction of Mental Illness due to Depression Using Deep Learning
Authors: Saba Tanzila , Khan Amjad Rehman , Abunadi Ibrahim , Bahaj Saeed Ali , Ali Haider , Alruwaythi Maryam
Published: May 2022

Depression is a global prevalent ailment for possible mental illness or mental disorder globally. Recognizing depressed early signs is critical for evaluating and preventing mental illness. With the progress of machine learning, it is possible to make intelligent systems capable of detecting depressive symptoms using speech analysis. This study presents a hybrid model to identify and predict mental illness from Arabic speech analysis due to depression. The proposed hybrid model comprises convolutional neural network (CNN) and a support vector machine (SVM) to identify and predict mental disorders. Experiments are performed on the Arabic speech benchmark data set of 200 speeches. A total of 70% of data were reserved for training, while 30% of data were to test the proposed model. The hybrid model (CNN + SVM) attained a 90.0% and 91.60% accuracy rate to predict the depression from Arabic speech analysis for training and testing stages. To authenticate the results of a proposed hybrid model, recurrent neural network (RNN) and CNN are also applied to the same data set individually, and the results are compared with each other. The RNN achieved an 80.70% and 81.60% accuracy rate to predict depression while speaking in the training and testing stages. The CNN predicted the depression in the training and testing stages with 88.50% and 86.60% accuracy rates. Based on the analysis, the proposed hybrid model secured better prediction results than individual RNN and CNN models on the same data set. Furthermore, the suggested model had a lower FPR, FNR, and higher accuracy, AUC, sensitivity, and specificity rate than individual RNN, CNN model performance in predicting depression. Finally, the achieved findings will be helpful to classify depression while speaking Arabic/speech and will be beneficial for physicians, psychiatrists, and psychologists in the detection of depression.
Integrating Network Pharmacology and In Vivo Model to Investigate the Mechanism of Biheimaer in the Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia
Authors: Wang Chun , Huanbieke Nuermanati , Cai Xiaoxia , Gao Shuyan , Du Tianfang , Zhou Ziqian , Wusiman Zulipikaer , Matturzi Malikam , Aibai Silafu , Li Zhi-Jian
Published: May 2022

Objective. Biheimaer (BHM) is a hospital formulation for clinical treatment of dyspepsia and acid reflux, based on Compatibility Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine. This study anticipated to elucidate the molecular mechanism of BHM against Functional dyspepsia via combined network pharmacology prediction with experimental verification. Methods. Based on network pharmacology, the potential active components and targets of BHM in the treatment of functional dyspepsia were explored by prediction and molecular docking technology. The results of protein–protein interaction analysis, functional annotation, and pathway enrichment analysis further refined the main targets and pathways. The molecular mechanism of BHM improving functional dyspepsia mice induced by L-arginine + atropine was verified on the basis of network pharmacology. Results. In this study, 183 effective compounds were screened from BHM; moreover, 1007 compound-related predicted targets and 156 functional dyspepsia-related targets were found. The results of enrichment analysis and in vivo experiments showed that BHM could regulate intestinal smooth muscle contraction to play a therapeutic role in functional dyspepsia by reducing the expression of NOS3, SERT, TRPV1, and inhibiting the inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α) to intervene the inflammatory response in mice. Conclusions. This study revealed the molecular biological mechanisms of the Traditional Chinese Medicine formulation of BHM in functional dyspepsia by network pharmacology and experimental verification, meanwhile provided scientific support for subsequent clinical medication.
An Active Disturbance Rejection Sliding Mode Contour Tracking Control for Biaxial Moving Platform
Authors: Li Guozhu
Published: May 2022

A sliding mode control for active disturbance rejection was utilized for uniaxial tracking control, and a cross-coupled contour error compensation controller based on nonlinear position domain (PD) was devised for enhanced contour machining precision and robustness of biaxial moving platform. For single-axis tracking control, the total disturbance of the system was initially considered to be the external disturbance plus internal unmodeled dynamics, and the overall disturbance was estimated and compensated in real time using a linear extended state observer. A sliding mode controller was built on this foundation to obtain satisfactory uniaxial control performance. Secondly, based on the estimated value of each axis component of contour error, a nonlinear PD contour error compensation controller was designed to coordinate the tracking motion between axes and further reduced the contour error. The proposed work is compared against state-of-the-art works from literature for various metrics such as tracking error curves, average comparison of tracking errors, and cross-coupled controller parameters. The simulation results showed that the proposed method can effectively improve the contour processing accuracy of the system.
Effect of Remote Control Augmented Reality Multimedia Technology for Postoperative Rehabilitation of Knee Joint Injury
Authors: Li Lingfeng
Published: May 2022

This study was aimed at exploring the application value of augmented reality (AR) in postoperative rehabilitation training for patients with knee joint injury. 40 patients who underwent knee joint injury surgery were selected as the research objects, and the patients were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group (20 cases) and a control group (20 cases). Patients in the experimental group were treated with AR-based rehabilitation methods, while those in the control group were treated with traditional rehabilitation methods. Afterwards, the two groups of patients were compared with various indicators such as pain value, swelling, structural and functional recovery, time to complete weight bearing, time to return to work, and X-ray examination results. The main evaluation tools used were Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score. The results showed that after six weeks, the HSS score of the control group was

82.88
±
3.07

, and the HSS score of the experimental group was

85.46
±
3.21

. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). After three months, the HSS score of the control group was

89.96
±
3.76

, and that of the experimental group was

93.21
±
4.33

. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). There was a significant difference in pain scores between the two groups at 7 days (

3.81
±
0.48

vs.

5.06
±
0.66

) and 14 days (

2.03
±
0.45

vs.

3.61
±
0.63

) after surgery, with statistical significances (

P
<
0.05

). There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of time to complete weight bearing (

7
±
0.87

weeks vs.

8.82
±
0.88

weeks) and time to return to work (

8.69
±
0.94

vs.

9.93
±
0.88

weeks) (

P
<
0.05

). One month after surgery, the X-ray examination results of both groups showed recovery. The AR-based rehabilitation training system showed a good application effect and prospect in the postoperative structural and functional recovery of patients with knee joint injury.
Huoxue Qianyang Qutan Recipe Protects against Early Renal Damage Induced by Obesity-Related Hypertension via the SIRT1/NF-κB/IL-6 Pathway: Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation-Based Strategy
Authors: Wang Mingzhu , Li Jianhua , Gui Mingtai , Lu Bo , Yao Lei , Zhou Xunjie , Shi Moyi , Hu Liang , Fu Deyu
Published: May 2022

Obesity is recognized as not only a major contributing factor to cardiovascular diseases but also an independent risk factor for end-stage renal disease. Previous studies have found that Huoxue Qianyang Qutan Recipe (HQQR) could reduce urinary microalbumin in patients with obesity-related hypertension (OBH). However, the renal protective activity of HQQR in OBH and its molecular targets involved remains ambiguous. In this work, we investigate the mechanism of HQQR against OBH-induced early renal damage using integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation-based strategy. First, via network pharmacology, IL-6 is identified as one of the key targets of HQQR against early renal damage in hypertension, and inhibition of inflammation is a crucial process. Second, in in vivo experiments, HQQR can lower blood pressure, lose weight, and restore metabolic abnormalities in OBH rats, which could be associated with the effects on protecting early renal damage. Finally, in the mechanism, HQQR increases SIRT1 mRNA and protein expression consistent with reduction of NF-κB acetylation and suppressed the p65-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway. As a result, HQQR robustly inhibits OBH-induced renal inflammation by reducing IL-6 mRNA and protein levels in the renal tissue and the release of IL-6 in serum of OBH rats. This study aims to provide a multimethod (network pharmacology-animal experiment) and multilevel (component-target-pathway) strategy for the prevention and treatment of OBH-induced target organ damage by traditional Chinese medicine.
Análise epidemiológica da COVID-19 e da dengue em meio a cenário pandêmico em Palmas-TO
Authors: Gagossian Débora Ignácio , Martins Gustavo Soares , Baptista Anderson Barbosa
Published: May 2022

Introdução: A COVID-19 é causada pelo novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2. A dengue é uma arbovirose com sintomas semelhantes à COVID-19 e, portanto, são doenças que geram confusão e podem ser negligenciadas. Objetivos: analisar casos de infecções pelos vírus da Dengue e de COVID-19, em Palmas-TO. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo descritivo com dados secundários de Dengue e COVID-19, em Palmas-TO, em 2020 e 2021. Resultado: A incidência de COVID-19 foi de 130 casos/1000 habitantes e a de dengue foi de 3,28 casos/1000 habitantes, maior na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos. A mortalidade por COVID-19 foi de 1,6 óbitos/1000 habitantes e, a letalidade, 0,98%. Discussão: Os maiores números de casos confirmados de COVID-19 em Palmas- TO ocorreram em agosto de 2020 e em março de 2021, mesmo com seis meses de diferença e políticas adotadas para contenção da pandemia. No período de maior incidência de COVID-19, a dengue teve registro de menor número de casos, provavelmente por subnotificação de casos da dengue, que corrobora com estudos em outros municípios. A análise de casos concomitantes das duas doenças é importante para entender a correlação entre elas. Considerações Finais: Os achados do estudo permitem avaliar o perfil endêmico de dengue em meio à pandemia por COVID-19, bem como analisar a circulação dos dois vírus, diagnósticos e notificações.
Calcificação na artéria coronária em atletas de endurance: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Canevazzi Gabriele Justo , Almeida Francielle Santos , Carmo Adriana Boiteux do , Badessa Marianne Peixoto Sobral Giroldo , Braga Pedro Gabriel Senger , Sobral Marcelo Luiz Peixoto
Published: May 2022

Introdução: a doença cardiovascular é a principal causa de morte em todo o mundo e a doença arterial coronariana se destaca pelo número de óbitos. A calcificação da artéria coronária (CAC) aumentada é um fator de risco para eventos coronarianos, no entanto, homens adultos saudáveis com alta carga de treino ao longo dos anos e com histórico de longas provas de resistência demonstram altos valores de CAC. Objetivo: tendo em vista o paradoxo existente entre os efeitos do treinamento físico extenuante e o desenvolvimento da calcificação coronariana, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o mecanismo da CAC em homens adultos fisicamente ativos. Métodos: Este estudo caracteriza-se como uma revisão narrativa, tendo como base, produções científicas nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa, nas seguintes bases de dados: National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scientific Eletronic Library On-line (SciELO) e US National Library of Medicine (NCBI). Resultados: Em um estudo, 150, dos 284 participantes (53%), tinham o escore de CAC mediano de 35,8 [9,3-145,8]. O volume médio de exercício ao longo da vida foi de 2,9 [1,9-4,4] horas/semana, resultando em 1356 [851-2030] equivalentes metabólicos de tarefa (MET)-min/semana. Além disso, a presença da CAC foi mais comum naqueles com maiores volumes de exercícios ao longo da vida. Assim como em outros trabalhos, pode-se considerar que maiores pontuações da CAC e maiores placas coronárias em atletas podem ser interpretados como um efeito deletério do exercício nas artérias coronárias, entretanto, a natureza calcificada e estável das placas em homens atletas também podem ser considerada como protetora contra a ruptura da placa e infarto agudo do miocárdio. Conclusão: Os atletas de endurance estão mais predispostos ao aumento da calcificação da artéria coronária que indivíduos menos ativos ou sedentários, contudo o que se observa é que as altas cargas de exercício físico ao longo da vida parecem promover mais benefícios do que risco a saúde cardiovascular.
Me diz, com o quê que cê sonha?
Authors: Comin Marina Puzzilli
Published: May 2022

Qual a importância do sonho na criação e transformação da realidade? Ailton Krenak diz que em muitas culturas a experiência do sonho não se limita ao dormir e sonhar, mas é percebida como um exercício de buscar no sonho respostas e orientações para nossos dilemas e decisões do cotidiano “acordado”. O sonho traz uma abertura de sentidos e perspectivas para pensar um amanhã diferente do ontem, para imaginar uma vida outra. Ele fala sobre o sonho como uma “suspensão do céu”, um exercício de ampliação do nosso horizonte existencial quando a sensação de que céu e terra estão próximos demais for sufocante. Uns tem tempo para sonhar, outros só vivem acordados, e mais tantos têm a vida interrompida no meio do sonho. O mecanismo que nos quer rodando nessa dança sem graça e violenta quer acabar com os sonhos: “Pregam o fim do mundo como uma possibilidade de fazer a gente desistir dos nossos próprios sonhos. E a minha provocação sobre adiar o fim do mundo é exatamente poder contar mais uma história.” (KRENAK, 2019. p. 14) Essa obra surge com a motivação de se fazer viver os sonhos, de resgatar esses contos. Me diz, com o quê que cê sonha?
Poesias Afrofuturistas
Authors: Souza Ilvania Barboza de
Published: May 2022

-
Beauvoir e Lévi-Strauss: antropologia e filosofia da existência na gênese de O Segundo Sexo
Authors: Carmo Samanta Dias do
Published: May 2022

O ponto de partida para as formulações feitas a seguir, por meio das quais abrimos um espaço de leitura e investigação de O Segundo Sexo, foi a presença dos dados etnográficos articulados pela filósofa francesa Simone de Beauvoir na obra acima mencionada. Ao investigarmos de que maneira a gênese de O Segundo Sexo se relaciona com o debate em torno do legado da tradição filosófica da modernidade europeia e com a fundamentação das ciências sociais na primeira metade do século XX, deparamo-nos com a necessidade de detalhar o encontro entre o pensamento de Beauvoir e as teses de Claude Lévi-Strauss em As Estruturas Elementares do Parentesco. O presente artigo se dedica a esmiuçar essa relação, na intenção de entender como os métodos da antropologia, formulados e discutidos no período, representaram novos caminhos filosóficos para as insuficiências conceituais sentidas por Beauvoir.
Impacto do Declínio do Desempenho Cognitivo Natural nos Processos de Aprendizagem e Inclusão Digital
Authors: Luz Ana Clara Espirito Santo da , Félix Luana Carla de Castro , Lopes Letícia de Almeida
Published: May 2022

A inclusão digital é uma exigência do mundo contemporâneo, sendo fundamental para a reinserção de idosos no mercado de trabalho e participação na comunidade. Com isto, este artigo objetiva elucidar as implicações do declínio cognitivo natural aos processos de aprendizagem na velhice. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico narrativo com busca nas bases de dados SciELO, Google Acadêmico e Periódicos CAPES. Concluiu-se que o declínio cognitivo natural na senescência implica em diminuição da velocidade de processamento, atenção e memória tornando necessário mais tempo de aprendizado, ainda carecendo de pesquisas mais aprofundadas sobre as implicações desse declínio nos processos de aprendizagem. Além disso, foi possível observar que a aprendizagem se constitui como um importante fator de estimulação da plasticidade neural e programas de inclusão digital são instrumentos para o desenvolvimento de aprendizagens e participação social.
Impact of Blood Pressure in the Early 40s on Left Atrial Volumes in the Mid‐60s: Data From the ACE 1950 Study
Authors: Rønningen Peter Selmer , Berge Trygve , Solberg Magnar Gangås , Enger Steve , Pervez Mohammad Osman , Orstad Eivind Bjørkan , Kvisvik Brede , Aagaard Erika Nerdrum , Lyngbakken Magnus Nakrem , Ariansen Inger , Røsjø Helge , Steine Kjetil , Tveit Arnljot
Published: May 2022

Background

Echocardiographic measures of left atrial volumes are powerful predictors of cardiovascular events and important for assessing diastolic dysfunction. Despite this, there is limited knowledge of factors influencing left atrial remodeling. In particular, the impact of blood pressure in those in their early 40s on left atrial volumes later in life has not been sufficiently elucidated.

Methods and Results

We linked data from individuals born in 1950 who participated in the Age 40 Program, and the ACE (Akershus Cardiac Examination) 1950 Study. We divided the study population into quartiles of systolic blood pressure in their early 40s and assessed the proportion of individuals with an enlarged left atrium in their mid‐60s. The associations between blood pressure and left atrial volumes were assessed in linear regression analyses. Of the 2591 individuals included in this study, 1302 (50.3%) were women, and the mean age in the Age 40 Program was 40.1±0.3 years. Systolic blood pressure was 128.1±13.6 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure was 78.3±9.5 mm Hg. Mean age in the ACE 1950 Study was 64.0±0.6 years. The proportion of individuals with an enlarged left atrium increased across the quartiles of systolic blood pressure (
P
=0.001). Systolic blood pressure was independently associated with left atrial volumes; the end‐systolic volume was 0.09 mL (95% CI, 0.04–0.14 mL) larger per 1‐mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that increased blood pressure in those in their early 40s is relevant for left atrial remodeling later in life.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01555411.
Genetic Architecture of Plasma Alpha‐Aminoadipic Acid Reveals a Relationship With High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Shi Mingjian , Wang Chuan , Mei Hao , Temprosa Marinella , Florez Jose C. , Tripputi Mark , Merino Jordi , Lipworth Loren , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Gerszten Robert E. , Wang Thomas J. , Beckman Joshua A. , Gamboa Jorge L. , Mosley Jonathan D. , Ferguson Jane F. ,   Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: May 2022

Background

Elevated plasma levels of alpha‐aminoadipic acid (2‐AAA) have been associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. However, the nature of the association remains unknown.

Methods and Results

We identified genetic determinants of plasma 2‐AAA through meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association study data in 5456 individuals of European, African, and Asian ancestry from the Framingham Heart Study, Diabetes Prevention Program, Jackson Heart Study, and Shanghai Women’s and Men’s Health Studies. No single nucleotide polymorphisms reached genome‐wide significance across all samples. However, the top associations from the meta‐analysis included single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the known 2‐AAA pathway gene
DHTKD1
, and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in mitochondrial respiration (
NDUFS4
) and macrophage function (
MSR1
). We used a Mendelian randomization instrumental variable approach to evaluate relationships between 2‐AAA and cardiometabolic phenotypes in large disease genome‐wide association studies. Mendelian randomization identified a suggestive inverse association between increased 2‐AAA and lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (
P
=0.005). We further characterized the genetically predicted relationship through measurement of plasma 2‐AAA and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in 2 separate samples of individuals with and without cardiometabolic disease (N=98), and confirmed a significant negative correlation between 2‐AAA and high‐density lipoprotein (
r
s
=−0.53,
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions

2‐AAA levels in plasma may be regulated, in part, by common variants in genes involved in mitochondrial and macrophage function. Elevated plasma 2‐AAA associates with reduced levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Further mechanistic studies are required to probe this as a possible mechanism linking 2‐AAA to future cardiometabolic risk.
Cangrelor Use Patterns and Transition to Oral P2Y
12
Inhibitors Among Patients With Myocardial Infarction: Initial Results From the CAMEO Registry
Authors: Rymer Jennifer A. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Angiolillo Dominick J. , Diaz Miguel , Garratt Kirk N. , Waksman Ron , Edwards Laura , Tasissa Gudaye , Salahuddin Khalid , El‐Sabae Hijrah , Dell’Anna Carmen , Davidson‐Ray Linda , Washam Jeffrey B. , Ohman E. Magnus , Wang Tracy Y.
Published: May 2022

Background

In clinical trials, cangrelor has been shown to reduce percutaneous coronary intervention–related ischemic complications without increasing major bleeding. This study was performed to examine cangrelor use and transition to oral P2Y
12
inhibitors in routine clinical practice.

Methods and Results

The CAMEO (Cangrelor in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Effectiveness and Outcomes) registry is a multicenter, retrospective observational study of platelet inhibition strategies for patients with myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. In phase 1, data were collected on consecutive patients with myocardial infarction (n=482) treated with any P2Y
12
inhibitor to understand cangrelor use by hospital. In phase 2, data were collected in a 2:1 (cangrelor‐: non‐cangrelor‐treated) ratio of patients with myocardial infarction (n=873). In phase 1, cangrelor use varied across hospitals (overall, 50.4% [range, 6.0%–100%]). Of patients receiving cangrelor in both phases (n=819), 3.3% received either the bolus or infusion only. Cangrelor was infused for a median of 121 (76–196) minutes; and 38.3% received an infusion for <2 hours. Most patients transitioned from cangrelor to ticagrelor (ticagrelor, 85.3%; clopidogrel, 9.5%; prasugrel, 5.2%). Many patients (16.4%) had a >1‐hour gap between cangrelor cessation and oral P2Y
12
inhibitor initiation; this was highest among those transitioned to clopidogrel (56.6% versus 34.5% prasugrel versus 10.8% ticagrelor;
P
<0.001). Only 27.3% were dosed with cangrelor and transitioned to an oral P2Y
12
inhibitor in a fashion consistent with the pivotal trials and US Food and Drug Administration label.

Conclusions

This multicenter registry demonstrated interhospital variability in how cangrelor was administered and transitioned to an oral P2Y
12
inhibitor. These findings highlight opportunities for optimization of cangrelor dosing, infusion duration, and transition of care from the catheterization laboratory to the ward setting.
Framingham and American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Pooled Cohort Equations, High‐Sensitivity Troponin T, and N‐Terminal Pro–Brain‐Type Natriuretic Peptide for Predicting Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events Across the Spectrum of Kidney Dysfunction
Authors: Lidgard Benjamin , Zelnick Leila R. , Go Alan , O’Brien Kevin D. , Bansal Nisha , Appel Lawrence J. , Chen Jing , Cohen Debbie L. , Feldman Harold I. , Lash James P. , Nelson Robert G. , Rao Panduranga S. , Rahman Mahboob , Shah Vallabh O. , Unruh Mark L.
Published: May 2022

Background

Contemporary guidelines recommend using atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease screening tools to guide primary prevention. The performance of these scores is not well known in patients with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease, particularly in combination with clinically available cardiac biomarkers including N‐terminal pro–brain‐type natriuretic peptide and high‐sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT).

Methods and Results

We studied 1027 participants from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort without self‐reported atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease who were not taking aspirin or statins at enrollment. Framingham Risk Score, Pooled Cohort Equation, N‐terminal pro–brain‐type natriuretic peptide, and hsTnT were measured at baseline. Outcomes included fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiac death. We calculated 10‐fold cross‐validated Harrell’s C‐indices for each risk score and cardiac biomarker alone and in combination. The C‐index (95% CI) for discrimination of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was 0.72 (0.67, 0.77) for the Framingham Risk Score, and 0.72 (0.67, 0.76) for the Pooled Cohort Equation. HsTnT had comparable discrimination to each risk score, and improved the discrimination of each (change in Framingham 0.029, 95% CI 0.003, 0.055; change in Pooled Cohort Equation 0.027, 95% CI 0.002, 0.052). N‐terminal pro–brain‐type natriuretic peptide had poorer discrimination than the risk scores and did not significantly improve their discrimination (change in Framingham 0.009, 95% CI −0.001, 0.018; change in Pooled Cohort Equation 0.011, 95% CI −0.001, 0.024).

Conclusions

The Framingham Risk Score and Pooled Cohort Equation demonstrated moderate discrimination for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. HsTnT, but not N‐terminal pro–brain‐type natriuretic peptide, improved their discrimination overall. Until chronic kidney disease–specific atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk scores can be developed, it may be worth considering how to incorporate hsTnT into existing clinical risk scores.
Familial Resemblance in Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Response to Statins in the Danish Population
Authors: Corn Giulia , Lund Marie , Hlatky Mark A. , Wohlfahrt Jan , Melbye Mads
Published: May 2022

Background

Change in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) level after statin initiation varies widely among individuals, and in part may be because of factors shared by family members.

Methods and Results

We used the Danish national registers to identify 89 006 individuals who initiated statins between 2008 and 2018 and had LDL‐C measured immediately before and after the start of treatment. Among these, we identified 5148 first‐degree relatives and 3198 spouses. We decomposed the variation in attained LDL‐C level after statin initiation by applying a mixed‐effect model with 5 variance components (inter‐family and inter‐individual variance in pre‐statin LDL‐C level, inter‐family and inter‐individual variance in statin response, and residual variance). Results were presented as a percentage of the total variance explained by the different variance components. We found that half of the variation in attained LDL‐C level after statin initiation consisted of variance in statin response, approximately one third of variance in pre‐statin LDL‐C level, and the remaining 10% to 15% of residual variance. While the inter‐individual variance in statin response accounted for almost half of the LDL‐C variation in both cohorts, the inter‐family variance in statin response accounted for 3.3% among first‐degree relatives and for 6.0% among spouses.

Conclusions

Individual factors account for most of the variation in LDL‐C level after statin initiation; factors affecting statin response common within spouses and first‐degree relatives account for a similar share of variation. These results suggest a modest influence of shared genetics and shared familial environment on statin response.
Performing Deception
Authors: Rappert Brian
Published: May 2022

In Performing Deception, Brian Rappert reconstructs the practice of entertainment magic by analysing it through the lens of perception, deception and learning, as he goes about studying conjuring himself.

Through this novel meditation on reasoning and skill, Rappert elevates magic from the undertaking of mere trickery to an art that offers the basis for rethinking our possibilities for acting in the modern world.

Performing Deception covers a wide range of theories in sociology, philosophy, psychology and elsewhere in order to offer a striking assessment of the way secrecy and deception are woven into social interactions, as well as the illusionary and paradoxical status of expertise.
Intensification of Interannual Cross-Basin SST Interaction between the North Atlantic Tripole and Pacific Meridional Mode since the 1990s
Authors: Kao Pei-ken , Hong Chi-Cherng , Huang An-Yi , Chang Chih-Chun
Published: May 2022

The cross-basin interaction of the second EOFs of the interannual SST in the North Atlantic and North Pacific—the North Atlantic tripole (NAT) SST and Pacific meridional mode (PMM)—is discussed. Observations revealed that the total variances of the NAT and PMM have simultaneously experienced interdecadal enhancement since the 1990s. Wavelet analysis indicated that this enhancement was associated with the interdecadal variations (8–16 years) of the NAT and PMM, which have become significantly and positively coherent since the 1990s. This interdecadal variation also changed the interannual NAT–PMM relationship from negative to positive. The regression analysis indicated that the NAT forced a Matsuno–Gill circulation anomaly, which had a substantial lag impact on the PMM SST through wind–evaporation–SST feedback. Additionally, the NAT induced oceanic temperature advection, which also partially contributed to the PMM SST. On the other hand, the PMM-associated middle–upper atmospheric teleconnection, a North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-like circulation anomaly in the North Atlantic, gave positive feedback to the NAT. The numerical experiments suggest that the enhancement of the NAT–PMM interaction since the 1990s was associated with the eastward shift of PMM-associated convection, which was further enhanced by eastward extension of the upper-level extratropical jet in the North Pacific.

Significance Statement

This study aimed at a better understanding of the cross-basin interaction between the North Atlantic and North Pacific. Our study indicates that the cross-basin interaction in the interannual sea surface temperature between the Pacific meridional mode (PMM) and North Atlantic tripole (NAT) became stronger since the 1990s. The observation yields that this enhancement was associated with the interdecadal variations of the NAT and PMM, which have become significantly and positively coherent since the 1990s. The observation yields that the NAT-forced atmospheric large-scale circulation anomaly had a substantial lag impact on the PMM. On the other hand, the PMM-induced middle–upper atmospheric teleconnection, a North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-like circulation anomaly, gave positive feedback to the NAT. The numerical experiments suggest that the enhancement of the NAT–PMM interaction since the 1990s primarily resulted from the eastward shift of PMM-associated convection.
The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR): An Hourly Updating Convection-Allowing Forecast Model. Part I: Motivation and System Description
Authors: Dowell David C. , Alexander Curtis R. , James Eric P. , Weygandt Stephen S. , Benjamin Stanley G. , Manikin Geoffrey S. , Blake Benjamin T. , Brown John M. , Olson Joseph B. , Hu Ming , Smirnova Tatiana G. , Ladwig Terra , Kenyon Jaymes S. , Ahmadov Ravan , Turner David D. , Duda Jeffrey D. , Alcott Trevor I.
Published: May 2022

The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) is a convection-allowing implementation of the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) Model with hourly data assimilation that covers the conterminous United States and Alaska and runs in real time at the NOAA/National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Implemented operationally at NOAA/NCEP in 2014, the HRRR features 3-km horizontal grid spacing and frequent forecasts (hourly for CONUS and 3-hourly for Alaska). HRRR initialization is designed for optimal short-range forecast skill with a particular focus on the evolution of precipitating systems. Key components of the initialization are radar-reflectivity data assimilation, hybrid ensemble-variational assimilation of conventional weather observations, and a cloud analysis to initialize stratiform cloud layers. From this initial state, HRRR forecasts are produced out to 18 h every hour, and out to 48 h every 6 h, with boundary conditions provided by the Rapid Refresh system. Between 2014 and 2020, HRRR development was focused on reducing model bias errors and improving forecast realism and accuracy. Improved representation of the planetary boundary layer, subgrid-scale clouds, and land surface contributed extensively to overall HRRR improvements. The final version of the HRRR (HRRRv4), implemented in late 2020, also features hybrid data assimilation using flow-dependent covariances from a 3-km, 36-member ensemble (“HRRRDAS”) with explicit convective storms. HRRRv4 also includes prediction of wildfire smoke plumes. The HRRR provides a baseline capability for evaluating NOAA’s next-generation Rapid Refresh Forecast System, now under development.

Significance Statement

NOAA’s operational hourly updating, convection-allowing model, the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR), is a key tool for short-range weather forecasting and situational awareness. Improvements in assimilation of weather observations, as well as in physics parameterizations, have led to improvements in simulated radar reflectivity and quantitative precipitation forecasts since the initial implementation of HRRR in September 2014. Other targeted development has focused on improved representation of the diurnal cycle of the planetary boundary layer, resulting in improved near-surface temperature and humidity forecasts. Additional physics and data assimilation changes have led to improved treatment of the development and erosion of low-level clouds, including subgrid-scale clouds. The final version of HRRR features storm-scale ensemble data assimilation and explicit prediction of wildfire smoke plumes.
RUNX2 Regulates Osteoblast Differentiation via the BMP4 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu D.D. , Zhang C.Y. , Liu Y. , Li J. , Wang Y.X. , Zheng S.G.
Published: May 2022

RUNX2 is a master osteogenic transcription factor, and mutations in RUNX2 cause the inherited skeletal disorder cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). Studies have revealed that RUNX2 is not only a downstream target of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway but can also regulate the expression of BMPs. However, the underlying mechanism of the regulation of BMPs by RUNX2 remains unknown. In this project, we diagnosed a CCD patient with a 7.86-Mb heterozygous deletion on chromosome 6 containing all exons of RUNX2 by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were further extracted from patient alveolar bone fragments (CCD-BMSCs), an excellent natural model to explore the possible mechanism. The osteogenic differentiation ability of CCD-BMSCs was severely affected by RUNX2 heterozygous deletion. Also, BMP4 decreased most in BMP ligands, and CHRDL1, a BMP antagonist, was abnormally elevated in CCD-BMSCs. Furthermore, BMP4 treatment essentially rescued the osteogenic capacity of CCD-BMSCs, and RUNX2 overexpression reversed the abnormal expression of BMP4 and CHRDL1. Notably, we constructed CRISPR/Cas9 Runx2+/m MC3T3-E1 cells, which simulated a variant in CCD-BMSCs, to exclude the interference of other gene deletions and the heterogeneity of the genetic background of primary cells, and verified all findings from the CCD-BMSCs. Moreover, the luciferase reporter experiment showed that RUNX2 could inhibit the transcription of CHRDL1. Through immunofluorescence, the inhibitory effect of CHRDL1 on BMP4/Smad signaling was confirmed in MC3T3-E1 cells. These results revealed that RUNX2 regulated the BMP4 pathway by inhibiting CHRDL1 transcription. We collectively identified a novel RUNX2/CHRDL1/BMP4 axis to regulate osteogenic differentiation and noted that BMP4 might be a valuable therapeutic option for treating bone diseases.
Development of Ethical COVID-19 Antibody Testing that Adheres to Pro-Life Principles
Authors: Rohall Michael , Kissinger Daniel , Evans Matthew , Wright Elizabeth , Nick Evelyn , Calkins Monica , Burton David , McKenna Kyle C.
Published: May 2022

The use of cell lines derived from elective abortions in the development and production of COVID vaccines was opposed by the Catholic church who encouraged pharmaceutical companies and governmental health agencies to produce and distribute ethical vaccines that do not create problems of conscience for healthcare providers or those requiring vaccination. In response to the church’s call for ethical alternatives in research and development of COVID vaccines, we present an approach for the measurement of Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Ig antibodies in blood plasma (COVID-19 Antibody test) that does not utilize any products produced in aborted fetal cell lines. The SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein used in this test was produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and test performance for determination of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion was equivalent to a commercially available COVID-19 antibody test that utilized RBD protein and other reagents produced in embryonic cell lines.
The Roles of Second-Language Proficiency Level and Working Memory on Vocabulary Learning from Word-Focused Exercises
Authors: Teng Mark Feng
Published: May 2022

This study investigates the effects of three word-focused exercise conditions on vocabulary learning. The exercises were developed based on the involvement load hypothesis. This study also explores how individual differences (e.g. second-language English proficiency level and working memory) affect vocabulary learning outcomes. A total of 180 Chinese students were equally and randomly assigned to 3 exercise conditions (reading comprehension plus marginal glosses, reading plus gap-fill and reading plus sentence writing). The Vocabulary Knowledge Scale was adapted to measure pre- and post-test vocabulary gains. An n-back task was developed to assess learners’ working memory capacity. Results showed that the sentence-writing group yielded the best performance in vocabulary learning, followed by the gap-fill group and finally the reading-comprehension group. General linear model results revealed that learners’ English proficiency level and working memory significantly predicted their vocabulary gains. This study expands on prior research by exploring learner-related factors in vocabulary learning. Relevant implications are discussed based on the findings.
Effectiveness of rational emotive occupational health coaching in reducing burnout symptoms among teachers of children with autism
Authors: Uzodinma Uchenna E , N Onyishi Charity , Ngwoke Antonia N , Ugwu Joy I , Okorie Cornelius O , A. Amujiri Benjamin , Ani Casimir KC , Ngwu Christopher N , Nwankwo Felix M , Okoli Charles N , Eze Hillary O , Orabueze Florence O , Ogbu Esther O , Okoro Kingsley N , Solomon Kingsley C , Okeke Ifeanyi J , Nwamuo Bright E , Ani Uchenna , Moguluwa Shedrack C , Akanaeme Immaculata N
Published: May 2022

Background/Objectives

The negative impacts of Job-related burnout on job performance have been widely documented in the literature. Burnout accounts for both physical and mental health outcomes that increase work turnover in teachers, especially those who teach special needs children, like those with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The current study assessed the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Occupational Health Coaching (REOHC) in minimizing job burnout amongst autistic children teachers in Anambra state, Nigeria.

Method

The study used a group-randomized waitlist control trial design. teachers who teach ASD children in private and public special and inclusive schools participated in the study. All participants were randomly allocated to REOHC and waitlist group (WLG). REOHC group were exposed to a single session 120 min REOHC programme every week for 12 weeks. Data were collected using Maslach Burnout Inventory for Educators (MBI-ES), at baseline; post-intervention as well as follow-up evaluations 1 and 2 evaluations. All the data gathered for the study were analysed using mean, Standard Deviation (SD), t-test statistics, repeated measures ANOVA, and charts.

Results

Results indicated a significant decrease in teachers’ burnout, following REOHC intervention, which was sustained through follow-ups 1 and 2.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we stated that REOHC is valuable in treating burnout symptoms in teachers of children with ASDs.
The level of vitamin D in follicular fluid and ovarian reserve in an in vitro fertilization program: A pilot study
Authors: Han Ji Yeon , Kim Sung Woo , Kim Hoon , Ku Seung-Yup
Published: May 2022

Background

The level of vitamin D in follicular fluid (FF) according to the ovarian reserve has never been investigated, and the effect of FF vitamin D on the outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART) remains controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between FF vitamin D levels and baseline anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) / ART outcomes.

Methods

Forty-seven patients who underwent controlled ovarian stimulation at the fertility clinic of an academic tertiary care center were enrolled for a prospective observational study. FF was collected from the first aspirated leading follicle of each ovary and assayed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between baseline AMH and FF vitamin D levels with adjustment for basal FSH and serum vitamin D levels.

Results

Both the AMH and serum vitamin D were significant predictors for FF vitamin D. The estimated marginal mean of FF vitamin D level was higher in women with decreased ovarian reserve (DOR) than those with normal ovarian reserve (24.1 ± 2.1 vs. 18.8 ± 1.4 ng/ml, p = 0.048). However, FF vitamin D did not demonstrate any significant associations with cycle outcomes, including fertilization rate and the number and proportion of good embryos at day three.

Conclusion

We observed significantly higher FF vitamin D levels in women with DOR. However, FF vitamin D did not demonstrate any significant associations with the outcome of ART. A larger prospective study is needed to investigate the effect of FF vitamin D on the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate.
“Nobody Came to Monte Carlo To Be Bored”: The Scripting of the Monte Carlo Pleasurescape 1880-1940
Authors: Franke Paul
Published: May 2022

In 1863, the Monegasque government and the newly founded Société des Bains de Mer decided to transform a small hill known as Spélugues into a casino district. Three years later, in 1866, Monte Carlo was officially founded. Over the next three decades, it became a cosmopolitan pleasurescape designed for a nonlocal, seasonal population of gamblers and consumers, separated from the neighboring urban entities. Although not a port city, Monte Carlo constituted a distinctly global space in which the casino company scripted the movements, emotions, and behaviors of visitors for the purpose of gambling and leisure. Monte Carlo represents both a pleasurescape and company town where entertainment and capitalism were prerequisites for its urbanization.
Collaborative Cheating in Hierarchical Teams: Effects of Incentive Structure and Leader Behavior on Subordinate Behavior and Perceptions of Leaders
Authors: Karg Simon Tobias , Kim Minjae , Mitkidis Panagiotis , Young Liane
Published: May 2022

What facilitates collaborative cheating in hierarchical teams, and what are its outcomes for those engaged? In two preregistered studies ( N = 724), we investigated how subordinates are influenced by leaders signaling a willingness to engage in collaborative cheating, and how subordinates perceive such leaders. Participants performed a task in which they could either report their performance honestly, or cheat for financial gain. Each participant was assigned a leader who could choose to check the report’s veracity. In Study 1, leaders who checked less often were perceived as more moral, trustworthy, competent, and psychologically closer than leaders who checked more often. This trustworthiness bonus translated to investments in a subsequent trust game. Study 2 revealed that these relationship benefits specifically arise for collaborative cheating, compared to competitive cheating (at the leader’s expense). We conclude that collaborative cheating in subordinate–leader dyads strengthens in-group bonds, bringing people closer together and cultivating trust.