bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maximum Power Tracking Control of Wind Turbines Based on a New Prescribed Performance Function
Authors: Li Xiang , Qian Jing , Tian Danning , Zeng Yun , Cao Fei , Li Lisheng , Zhang Ganyuan
Published: May 2023

The primary control goals of a wind turbine (WT) are structural load shedding, maximum wind energy capture in the underpowered situation, and consistent power production in the full power condition. A crucial component of the control problem for wind turbines with varying speeds is maximum power tracking control. Conventional maximum power tracking control tracks the ideal blade tip speed ratio to provide the most wind power at the specified wind speeds. However, because of the wind turbine’s great nonlinearity and the significant external disturbances it encounters, it is difficult to react quickly to variations in wind speed, and the tracking speed is sluggish, which lowers the amount of electricity produced annually. In light of this, this work develops a novel preset performance controller for a wind power system maximum power tracking control. With this technique, the convergence rate and tracking precision may be set. In particular, based on the concept of time-varying feedback, a time-varying function, known as the preset performance function, is first created to allow the convergence speed and accuracy to be predetermined; then this time-varying function is used to transform the actual specified time problem of the original system into a bounded time problem of the new system; finally, a direct robust controller design strategy with pre-defined performance is suggested based on the design concept of the backstepping technique. The plan may maximize the rotor power coefficient by altering the wind turbine speed, track the ideal blade tip speed ratio for a given tracking accuracy and speed, and get the most wind power to produce the most power with the strongest robustness. The simulation results show that the recommended control technique works.
BLDC Motors Sensorless Control Based on MLP Topology Neural Network
Authors: Yao Guozhong , Feng Jiayu , Wang Guiyong , Han Shaojun
Published: May 2023

In order to reduce the complexity of the brushless DC motor (BLDC)-control-system algorithm while improving the estimation performance of the rotor phase position and the speed of the sensorless motor, a neural network (ANN) control algorithm based on multi-layer perceptron (MLP) topology is proposed. The phase voltage of the motor is conditioned to obtain the phase-voltage signal with a high signal-to-noise ratio, which is used as the input eigenvalue of the multi-layer-perceptron-topology neural network algorithm. The encoder signal is used as the training test data of the MLP-ANN. The first layer of the perceptual neural network estimates the position according to the voltage characteristics with incremental time characteristics. The second layer of the perceptual neural network estimates the speed according to the collected time characteristics and the characteristics of rotor position error. The algorithm after learning and training is digitally discretized and integrated into the motor control system. Experimental tests were carried out under no-load, speed step and load mutation conditions. The experimental results show that the algorithm can accurately estimate the rotor position and speed. The absolute error of the rotor position is within 0.02 rad, and the absolute error of the rotor speed is within 4 rpm. The control system with strong robustness has good dynamic and static characteristics.
A Smart Floodlighting Design System Based on Raster Images
Authors: Krupiński Rafał , Scherzer Wolfgang , Pracki Piotr , Wiśniewski Andrzej , Skarżyński Krzysztof
Published: May 2023

This article describes a system for designing floodlighting of objects using computer graphics. Contrary to the currently used visualisation tools, the developed computer application is based on the daytime photography of the object and not on its three-dimensional geometric model. The advantage of the system is the high photorealism of the simulation, with no need to create a collage of visualisation with photography. The designer uses the photometric data of luminaires, and their photometric and colourimetric parameters are defined. With the system it is possible to perform a precise lighting analysis—the distribution of illuminance and luminance—both for the entire facility and in any plane or point. The system also analyses the total installed power of a given design solution. The system application is presented as an example in the form of a case study. This example shows the features of the system and further expected directions of development.
Experimental Study of the Parameter Mismatch Effects on the Low Frequency Circulating Currents of Parallel Three Phase Inverters
Authors: Liberos Marian , González-Medina Raúl , Patrao Iván , Torán Enric , Garcerá Gabriel , Figueres Emilio
Published: May 2023

When converters are connected in parallel, a system with some benefits, including modularity and redundancy, is obtained. However, in these circumstances, circulating currents can appear that produce some adverse effects. In this work, a study of the low-frequency circulating currents that appear in three-phase inverters connected in parallel is performed. The study is focused on the effects produced by the parameter mismatch, namely inductance mismatches, power imbalance, and the use of different pulse with modulation (PWM) techniques. The nature of the circulating current produced by each of these factors were analyzed separately. Both simulation and experimental results are shown, which were obtained using a three-phase 10-kW prototype composed of two 5-kW inverters connected in parallel.
Responses of Planting Modes to Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fluorescence Parameters of Fokienia hodginsii Seedlings in a Heterogeneous Nutrient Environment
Authors: Li Bingjun , Deng Mi , Pan Yanmei , Rong Jundong , He Tianyou , Chen Liguang , Zheng Yushan
Published: May 2023

Fokienia hodginsii seedlings tend to vary significantly in response to differences in the surrounding environment, especially when the nutrient environment is heterogeneous and neighboring plants are in competition. Plant physiological differences occur not only in the root system, but also in the photosynthetic characteristics and fluorescence parameters of the leaves. Therefore, in this experiment, three planting modes (single planting, pure planting of F. hodginsii and mixed planting of F. hodginsii and Cunninghamia lanceolata) were set up to simulate different competition patterns. Three heterogeneous nutrient environments (N, P, K heterogeneous nutrient environment) were planted in this experiment, and the homogeneous environments were used as controls to determine the differences in photosynthetic characteristics, fluorescence parameters and the interaction of different environmental factors on each index in different heterogeneous nutrient and planting environments. The interactions of different environmental factors with various indicators were measured. In addition, all treatment combinations were evaluated and ranked by principal components analysis. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was on average 28.8% and 22.3% higher under monoculture treatment compared to pure and mixed planting in each nutrient environment. Transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were the lowest under pure planting mode, and the overall mean of Tr was 27.2% and 5.5% lower than monoculture and mixed planting, respectively, and the overall mean of Gs was 36.5% and 14.7% lower, respectively. Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was higher under mixed and pure planting mode than monoculture, but their overall increments were not significant. Pn, Tr and Gs values of F. hodginsii in the N and P patches were significantly higher than those in the homogeneous patches, whereas the average values of Pn, Tr and Gs in the K patches were slightly higher than those in the homogeneous patches. The average values of leaf Fo, Fv/Fm and qP in each nutrient patch under single planting were higher than those under pure and mixed planting, but most of the differences were not significant. The actual photochemical efficiency (yield), photosynthetic electron transfer rate (ETR) and Fv/Fm in N and P patches were significantly higher than those in the homogeneous patches, whereas qP and NPQ in N and P patches differed due to different planting patterns. Most fluorescence parameters in the K patches were lower than those in the homogeneous patches. Planting patterns and nutrient heterogeneity showed significant interaction effects on Pn, Gs, Yield, ETR, Fv/Fm and NPQ. The highest scores for photosynthetic characteristics and fluorescence parameters of F. hodginsii single planting were in N and P nutrient patches.
A 1640-Year Vegetation and Fire History of the Lake Haixihai Catchment in Northwestern Yunnan, Southwest China
Authors: Shi Qian , Shen Caiming , Meng Hongwei , Huang Linpei , Sun Qifa
Published: May 2023

Vegetation and fire archives of the late Holocene are essential for understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic forcings on past and future vegetation successions as well as climate changes. Here we present a 1640-year record of vegetation and fire history of the Lake Haixihai catchment in northwestern Yunnan, southwest China. Pollen and charcoal analyses as well as XRF (X-ray fluorescence) analysis of lacustrine sediments from Lake Haixihai were employed to reveal its regional vegetation, forest fire, and soil erosion intensity changes over the last 1640 years. The results show their significant changes attributed to both climatic conditions and human activities: The lake catchment witnessed the densest forests (including pine and hemlock forests, and evergreen broadleaved forests) and the weakest soil erosion of the last 1640 years as well as relatively frequent forest fires at 380–880 AD, when vegetation succession, forest fire, and soil erosion were mainly driven by natural forcings, i.e., climatic conditions. A significant and abrupt drop in forest density, minor changes in abundance of forest components, and gradually strengthening soil erosion occurred at the transition from 880 to 1040 AD, when anthropogenic forcings such as the development of agriculture and systematic deforestation gradually became dominant ones driving vegetation succession and soil erosion. After this transition, forest density and soil erosion intensity never returned to the level before 880 AD, implying that the modern landscape in the lake catchment was already established approximately at as early as ca. 1040 AD. No significant changes in forest component and density as well as forest fire and soil erosion occurred until 1940 AD. The most frequent forest fires, the strongest soil erosion, and low forest density after 1940 AD might be attributed partially to climatic conditions and partially to extensive deforestation around 1960 AD.
Blockchain Solution for Buildings’ Multi-Energy Flexibility Trading Using Multi-Token Standards
Authors: Marin Oana , Cioara Tudor , Anghel Ionut
Published: May 2023

Buildings can become a significant contributor to an energy system’s resilience if they are operated in a coordinated manner to exploit their flexibility in multi-carrier energy networks. However, research and innovation activities are focused on single-carrier optimization (i.e., electricity), aiming to achieve Zero Energy Buildings, and miss the significant flexibility that buildings may offer through multi-energy coupling. In this paper, we propose to use blockchain technology and ERC-1155 tokens to digitize the heat and electrical energy flexibility of buildings, transforming them into active flexibility assets within integrated multi-energy grids, allowing them to trade both heat and electricity within community-level marketplaces. The solution increases the level of interoperability and integration of the buildings with community multi-energy grids and brings advantages from a transactive perspective. It permits digitizing multi-carrier energy using the same token and a single transaction to transfer both types of energy, processing transaction batches between the sender and receiver addresses, and holding both fungible and non-fungible tokens in smart contracts to support energy markets’ financial payments and energy transactions’ settlement. The results show the potential of our solution to support buildings in trading heat and electricity flexibility in the same market session, increasing their interoperability with energy markets while decreasing the transactional overhead and gas consumption.
Survey of Distributed and Decentralized IoT Securities: Approaches Using Deep Learning and Blockchain Technology
Authors: Falayi Ayodeji , Wang Qianlong , Liao Weixian , Yu Wei
Published: May 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) continues to attract attention in the context of computational resource growth. Various disciplines and fields have begun to employ IoT integration technologies in order to enable smart applications. The main difficulty in supporting industrial development in this scenario involves potential risk or malicious activities occurring in the network. However, there are tensions that are difficult to overcome at this stage in the development of IoT technology. In this situation, the future of security architecture development will involve enabling automatic and smart protection systems. Due to the vulnerability of current IoT devices, it is insufficient to ensure system security by implementing only traditional security tools such as encryption and access control. Deep learning and blockchain technology has now become crucial, as it provides distinct and secure approaches to IoT network security. The aim of this survey paper is to elaborate on the application of deep learning and blockchain technology in the IoT to ensure secure utility. We first provide an introduction to the IoT, deep learning, and blockchain technology, as well as a discussion of their respective security features. We then outline the main obstacles and problems of trusted IoT and how blockchain and deep learning may be able to help. Next, we present the future challenges in integrating deep learning and blockchain technology into the IoT. Finally, as a demonstration of the value of blockchain in establishing trust, we provide a comparison between conventional trust management methods and those based on blockchain.
Earth Worming—An Evaluation of Earthworm (Eisenia andrei) as an Alternative Food Source
Authors: Kavle Ruchita Rao , Nolan Patrick James , Carne Alan , Agyei Dominic , Morton James David , Bekhit Alaa El-Din Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Aside from their bioremediation roles, little is known about the food and feed value of earthworms. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation of the nutritional composition (proximate analysis and profiles of fatty acids and minerals) and techno-functional properties (foaming and emulsion stability and capacity) of earthworm (Eisenia andrei, sourced in New Zealand) powder (EAP) were investigated. Lipid nutritional indices, ω6/ω3, atherogenicity index, thrombogenicity index, hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic acid ratio, and health-promoting index of EAP lipids are also reported. The protein, fat, and carbohydrate contents of EAP were found to be 53.75%, 19.30%, and 23.26% DW, respectively. The mineral profile obtained for the EAP consisted of 11 essential minerals, 23 non-essential minerals, and 4 heavy metals. The most abundant essential minerals were potassium (8220 mg·kg−1 DW), phosphorus (8220 mg·kg−1 DW), magnesium (744.7 mg·kg−1 DW), calcium (2396.7 mg·kg−1 DW), iron (244.7 mg·kg−1 DW), and manganese (25.6 mg·kg−1 DW). Toxic metals such as vanadium (0.2 mg·kg−1 DW), lead (0.2 mg·kg−1 DW), cadmium (2.2 mg·kg−1 DW), and arsenic (2.3 mg·kg−1 DW) were found in EAP, which pose safety considerations. Lauric acid (20.3% FA), myristoleic acid (11.20% FA), and linoleic acid (7.96% FA) were the most abundant saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. The lipid nutritional indices, such as IT and ω-6/ω-3, of E. andrei were within limits considered to enhance human health. A protein extract derived from EAP (EAPPE), obtained by alkaline solubilisation and pH precipitation, exhibited an isoelectric pH of ~5. The total essential amino acid content and essential amino acid index of EAPPE were 373.3 mg·g−1 and 1.36 mg·g−1 protein, respectively. Techno-functional analysis of EAPPE indicated a high foaming capacity (83.3%) and emulsion stability (88.8% after 60 min). Heat coagulation of EAPPE was greater at pH 7.0 (12.6%) compared with pH 5.0 (4.83%), corroborating the pH-solubility profile and relatively high surface hydrophobicity (1061.0). These findings demonstrate the potential of EAP and EAPPE as nutrient-rich and functional ingredients suitable as alternative food and feed material. The presence of heavy metals, however, should be carefully considered.
Social Learning for Sequential Driving Dilemmas
Authors: Chen Xu , Di Xuan , Li Zechu
Published: May 2023

Autonomous driving (AV) technology has elicited discussion on social dilemmas where trade-offs between individual preferences, social norms, and collective interests may impact road safety and efficiency. In this study, we aim to identify whether social dilemmas exist in AVs’ sequential decision making, which we call “sequential driving dilemmas” (SDDs). Identifying SDDs in traffic scenarios can help policymakers and AV manufacturers better understand under what circumstances SDDs arise and how to design rewards that incentivize AVs to avoid SDDs, ultimately benefiting society as a whole. To achieve this, we leverage a social learning framework, where AVs learn through interactions with random opponents, to analyze their policy learning when facing SDDs. We conduct numerical experiments on two fundamental traffic scenarios: an unsignalized intersection and a highway. We find that SDDs exist for AVs at intersections, but not on highways.
Modulation of Fat Deposition–Gut Interactions in Obese Mice by Administrating with Nobiletin
Authors: Zhao Cunzhen , Guo Jiahua , Du Chunyu , Xu Yongjie
Published: May 2023

Intestinal microflora is correlated with obesity, metabolic diseases and digestive tract dysfunctions that are closely related to human health. Nobiletin (NOB) is a dietary polymethoxylated flavonoid with protective effects and activities against oxidative stress, inflammation and cardiovascular disorders. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of NOB in regulating white fat deposition have not been explored. In this study, we reported that NOB administration attenuates weight gain and glucose tolerance in mice fed a high−fat diet (HFD). Additionally, NOB administration substantially restored lipid metabolic disorder and repressed the level of genes related to lipid metabolism in HFD−induced obese mice. The sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in fecal samples unveiled that NOB administration reversed HFD−induced intestinal microbiota composition, particularly in the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at the phylum and genus level. Furthermore, NOB supplementation significantly improved the indexes of Chao1 and Simpson and implied NOB can improve intestinal flora diversity in HFD−fed mice. Next, we used LEfSe analysis to explore biomarkers presented as a taxon in different groups. Compared to the HFD group, NOB treatment significantly diminished the proportion of Ruminococcaceae, Ruminiclostridium, Intesinimonas, Oscillibacter and Desulfovibrio. Enriched metabolic pathways were predicted by Tax4Fun analysis and demonstrated that the lipid metabolic pathway is higher in the HFD + NOB group. More importantly, the correlation analysis demonstrated that Parabacteroides was significantly positive and Lactobacillus was negatively related to both body weight and inguinal adipose tissue weight. Collectively, our data emphasized that NOB has the potential to attenuate obesity and confirmed a mechanism for gut microbiota that mediated the beneficial effect of NOB.
The Lesson Learned from the Unique Evolutionary Story of Avirulence Gene AvrPii of Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Wang Xing , Wu Weihuai , Zhang Yaling , Li Cheng , Wang Jinyan , Wen Jianqiang , Zhang Shulin , Yao Yongxiang , Lu Weisheng , Zhao Zhenghong , Zhan Jiasui , Pan Qinghua
Published: May 2023

Blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production. Understanding population dynamics of the pathogen’s avirulence genes is pre-required for breeding and then deploying new cultivars carrying promising resistance genes. The divergence and population structure of AvrPii was dissected in the populations of southern (Guangdong, Hunan, and Guizhou) and northern (Jilin, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang) China, via population genetic and evolutionary approaches. The evolutionary divergence between a known haplotype AvrPii-J and a novel one AvrPii-C was demonstrated by haplotype-specific amplicon-based sequencing and genetic transformation. The different avirulent performances of a set of seven haplotype-chimeric mutants suggested that the integrity of the full-length gene structures is crucial to express functionality of individual haplotypes. All the four combinations of phenotypes/genotypes were detected in the three southern populations, and only two in the northern three, suggesting that genic diversity in the southern region was higher than those in the northern one. The population structure of the AvrPii family was shaped by balancing, purifying, and positive selection pressures in the Chinese populations. The AvrPii-J was recognized as the wild type that emerged before rice domestication. Considering higher frequencies of avirulent isolates were detected in Hunan, Guizhou, and Liaoning, the cognate resistance gene Pii could be continuously used as a basic and critical resistance resource in such regions. The unique population structures of the AvrPii family found in China have significant implications for understanding how the AvrPii family has kept an artful balance and purity among its members (haplotypes) those keenly interact with Pii under gene-for-gene relationships. The lesson learned from case studies on the AvrPii family is that much attention should be paid to haplotype divergence of target gene.
The Role of the Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index (PINI) in the Evolution of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Other Pathologies
Authors: Cordos Monica , Vlad Cristiana-Elena , Hogas Simona-Mihaela , Filip Roxana , Geletu Gabriela , Bogdan Maria , Badescu Codruta , Goriuc Ancuta , Foia Liliana Georgeta
Published: May 2023

Background: Protein-energy loss and inflammation are the main risk factors in the occurrence of complications in hemodialysis patients. The Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index (PINI) is a simple, inexpensive test to identify the early onset of inflammation and malnutrition in hemodialysis patients, critically ill subjects and those with malignancies. Methods: A systemic review of English literature was conducted on the topic published between 1985 and 2022. A focused and sensitive search strategy was applied to the PUBMED database to identify relevant scientific articles in English. Once articles were identified, a detailed quality and bias assessment was performed. Two independent researchers analyzed the detailed data extraction. Results: PINI proved to be a sensitive, powerful, low-cost and simple test. PINI has been useful in assessing evolution and prognostics in clinical care, with values above one being associated with a high risk of mortality and morbidity. It is useful in cases with surgical and postoperative complications, long hospitalization, as well as increased associated expenses. Conclusions: This is the first review of the literature on the above-mentioned topic (PINI) and is a valuable candidate for validating prognosis in patients with different pathologies.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Stress-Related Disorders in Patients with Complicated Diverticular Disease under Conservative Management
Authors: Mateescu Tudor , Miutescu Bogdan , Nicola Alin , Oancea Cristian , Barata Paula Irina , Tarta Cristi , Fulger Lazar , Paleru Cristian
Published: May 2023

Diverticular disease is a common gastrointestinal disorder with increasing prevalence in advanced age. This study aimed to investigate the impact of age and complexity of diverticulitis on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and stress-related disorders. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 patients, including adults (18–64 years) with complicated diverticular disease, the elderly (≥65 years) with complicated diverticular disease, and a control group with uncomplicated symptomatic diverticular disease. HRQoL and stress-related disorders were assessed using the SF-36, GIQLI, HADS, and PHQ-9 questionnaires at baseline and six months after the initial episode of diverticulitis. At diagnosis, the adult group had significantly lower mean physical and mental scores compared with the elderly and control groups (p < 0.001). At the 6-month follow-up, the mean physical score increased for all groups, but the difference between adults and the elderly remained significant (p = 0.028). The adult group had a significantly lower mean GIQLI score at diagnosis compared with the elderly and control groups (p < 0.001), although after 6 months it increased and the difference became insignificant. Anxiety scores at diagnosis were significantly higher in the adult group compared with the control group (p = 0.009). The complexity of diverticulitis and age significantly impacted HRQoL at diagnosis, with adults having lower physical and mental scores compared with elderly patients and controls. Although improvements were observed after 6 months, the difference between adults and the elderly remained significant for physical HRQoL scores. This highlights the need for tailored management strategies and psychosocial support to optimize patient outcomes across age groups and diverticulitis complexity.
Influence of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Exercise on Physical Capacity and Gait in Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Over Pilot Study
Authors: Muñoz-Paredes Inés , Herrero Azael J. , Seco-Calvo Jesús
Published: May 2023

Physical capacity provides a link between disease or impairment and limitations in activity; in multiple sclerosis (MS), it is limited and decreased. The aim of this study was to study the effects of exercise and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex area in MS patients with fatigue and an impaired gait ability. A cross-over design was carried out on fifteen patients with two disability associations, but three were excluded. Before and after each intervention, the 6 min walk test (6MWT) and the 2 min walk test (2MWT) were used to assess walking ability and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) was used to assess fatigue. A total of twelve patients were enrolled (48.0 median age, Kurtzke Disability Scale (EDSS) 3.66 ± 1.3): five females and seven males. After the application of the exercise program, significant improvements were observed in the 6MWT (p < 0.001, g = 0.159) and 2MWT (p < 0.001, g = 0.182). Furthermore, fatigue was significantly reduced after the application of the exercise program (p < 0.05, g = 0.742) and after tDCS (p < 0.05, g = 0.525). We could consider therapeutic exercise in the future to improve the walking ability and fatigue in MS patients. Furthermore, tDCS did not exert a significant improvement in walking ability, but it appeared to influence fatigue. Clinical trial registration code: ACTRN12622000264785.
Opinions of Older Individuals on Advance Care Planning and Factors Affecting Their Views: A Systematic Review
Authors: Korkmaz Yaylagul Nilufer , Demirdas Fatma Banu , Melo Pedro , Silva Rosa
Published: May 2023

The objective of this systematic review is to present older individuals’ views on the advance care planning (ACP) process and the factors affecting those opinions. The review contains search terms predetermined in the databases of CINAHL, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Academic Search Ultimate, Web of Science, Master FILE, and TR Dizin over the last 10 years (1 January 2012–31 December 2021) in English and Turkish. The studies were included in the research using inclusion (sample age ≥ 50, focusing on individuals’ opinions on ACP) and exclusion (articles whose samples consisted of individuals with a specific disease, non-research articles) criteria. Quality assessment was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A narrative synthesis was used to collate findings. The most striking results are the positive perspectives increasing in parallel with the individuals’ level of knowledge and experience about ACP. Variables affecting their views are advanced age, marital status, socioeconomic status, perception of remaining life expectancy, self-perceived health, number and stage of chronic diseases, religion, and cultural characteristics. This study offers guidance on the application and dissemination of ACP, empowering the use of this practice given the perspectives of older adults on ACP and the factors that affect them that the data show.
Development and Validation of Protocol Based on Brazilian Dietary Guidelines for Adults with Diabetes Mellitus Who Attended Primary Health Care
Authors: Araújo Maísa Miranda , Pizato Nathalia , Rodrigues Lorrany Santos , de Andrade Laila Santos , de Moraes Verena Duarte , de Carvalho Kênia Mara Baiocchi , Dutra Eliane Said , Botelho Patrícia Borges , Gonçalves Vivian Siqueira Santos
Published: May 2023

Background: To date, there is no protocol providing dietary guidelines to assist health care professionals in counseling Brazilian individuals with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) assisted in primary health care (PHC) according to the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population (DGBP). Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a protocol based on the DGBP for health care, non-nutritionist professionals in counseling adults with DM in PHC. Methods: We systematized the recommendations published in the DGBP, the Diabetes Brazilian Society guidelines, and the scientific literature regarding food and nutrition needs of adults with DM. The clarity and relevance were validated by an expert panel (n = 19) and the understanding and applicability were validated by PHC professionals (n = 12). The degree of agreement of the experts was assessed using a Content Validity Index (CVI). Items receiving CVI > 0.8 were considered appropriate. Results: The protocol consisted of six dietary recommendations that encouraged the daily consumption of beans, vegetables, and fruits, advised the avoidance of sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed foods, stimulated eating in appropriate environments, and gave additional guidance addressed to the particularities of DM. The protocol clarity, relevance, and applicability were successfully validated. Conclusion: The protocol supports health care, non-nutritionist professionals in the guidance of dietary recommendations and promoting adequate and healthy eating habits for adults with DM in PHC.
Factors Influencing Saudi Youth Physical Activity Participation: A Qualitative Study Based on the Social Ecological Model
Authors: Al-Nuaim Anwar , Safi Ayazullah
Published: May 2023

Background: The growing improvement in urbanisation, modes of transportation and the expansion of sedentary behaviour, both at work and home, have resulted in declining rates of physical activity (PA) worldwide. Nearly one-third of the global population aged 15 and over are insufficiently active. The negative effect of physical inactivity has been evidenced and ranked fourth as the lethal cause of death globally. Therefore, the aim of this research was to explore the factors influencing PA participation among youths from different geographical locations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Sixteen focus groups (males = 8 and females = 8) were conducted with a total of 120 secondary school students (male = 63 and female = 57) aged between 15 and 19 years. The focus groups were analysed to identify key themes through the process of thematic analysis. Results: Results from the focus groups indicated that a lack of time, safety, parental support, policies, access to sport and PA facilities, and transportation, as well as climate were reported as barriers to PA participation. Discussion and conclusion: The current research contributes to the scarce literature focused on the multidimensional effects on Saudi youth PA behaviour from different geographical locations. This qualitative approach has provided the participants a voice, and the overall study offers valuable evidence as well as invaluable information to policymakers, public health departments, and local authorities for PA intervention based on the environment and the community.
Strength of Sense of Coherence among Nurses and the Relationship between Socio-Demographic and Work-Related Factors
Authors: Smrekar Martina , Zaletel-Kragelj Lijana , Ledinski Fičko Sanja , Čukljek Snježana , Kurtović Biljana , Hošnjak Ana Marija , Franko Alenka
Published: May 2023

Sense of coherence (SOC) occupies the central place within the salutogenic model. It is an important contributor to the development and maintenance of people’s health. This study aimed to assess the strength of sense of coherence (SOC) among nurses and the relationship between the strength of SOC and socio-demographic and work-related factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. Linear regression was used to describe strength of association between SOC and socio-demographic and work-related factors. A total of 713/1300 nurses completed an SOC-29-item questionnaire for the assessment of SOC. The mean value for total SOC score (SOCS) was 145.0 points (SD 22.1, range 81–200). The results of the multivariate linear regression revealed statistically significant positive associations between SOCS and age (>40 years), level of education (master of nursing and bachelor of nursing), and transportation mode by car. Our study suggested SOC as an important and influential health-promoting personal resource of nurses which might offer protection regarding work-related stress.
Effective Absorption of Dichloromethane Using Carboxyl-Functionalized Ionic Liquids
Authors: Wang Mengjun , Zhang Manman , Zeng Shaojuan , Nie Yi , Li Tao , Ren Baozeng , Bai Yinge , Zhang Xiangping
Published: May 2023

Dichloromethane (DCM) is recognized as a very harmful air pollutant because of its strong volatility and difficulty to degrade. Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered as potential solvents for absorbing DCM, while it is still a challenge to develop ILs with high absorption performances. In this study, four carboxyl-functionalized ILs—trioctylmethylammonium acetate [N1888][Ac], trioctylmethylammonium formate [N1888][FA], trioctylmethylammonium glycinate [N1888][Gly], and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium glycinate [P66614][Gly]—were synthesized for DCM capture. The absorption capacity follows the order of [P66614][Gly] > [N1888][Gly] > [N1888][FA] > [N1888][Ac], and [P66614][Gly] showed the best absorption capacity, 130 mg DCM/g IL at 313.15 K and a DCM concentration of 6.1%, which was two times higher than the reported ILs [Beim][EtSO4] and [Emim][Ac]. Moreover, the vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) of the DCM + IL binary system was experimentally measured. The NRTL (non-random two-liquid) model was developed to predict the VLE data, and a relative root mean square deviation (rRMSD) of 0.8467 was obtained. The absorption mechanism was explored via FT-IR spectra, 1H-NMR, and quantum chemistry calculations. It showed a nonpolar affinity between the cation and the DCM, while the interaction between the anion and the DCM was a hydrogen bond. Based on the results of the study of the interaction energy, it was found that the hydrogen bond between the anion and the DCM had the greatest influence on the absorption process.
Genome-Wide Analysis and Functional Characterization of LACS Gene Family Associated with Lipid Synthesis in Cotton (Gossypium spp.)
Authors: Zhong Yike , Wang Yongbo , Li Pengtao , Gong Wankui , Wang Xiaoyu , Yan Haoliang , Ge Qun , Liu Aiying , Shi Yuzhen , Shang Haihong , Zhang Yuanming , Gong Juwu , Yuan Youlu
Published: May 2023

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the fifth largest oil crop in the world, and cottonseed provides abundant vegetable oil resources and industrial bioenergy fuels for people; therefore, it is of practical significance to increase the oil content of cotton seeds for improving the oil yield and economic benefits of planting cotton. Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase (LACS) capable of catalyzing the formation of acyl-CoAs from free fatty acids has been proven to significantly participate in lipid metabolism, of which whole-genome identification and functional characterization of the gene family have not yet been comprehensively analyzed in cotton. In this study, a total of sixty-five LACS genes were confirmed in two diploid and two tetraploid Gossypium species, which were divided into six subgroups based on phylogenetic relationships with twenty-one other plants. An analysis of protein motif and genomic organizations displayed structural and functional conservation within the same group but diverged among the different group. Gene duplication relationship analysis illustrates the LACS gene family in large scale expansion through WGDs/segmental duplications. The overall Ka/Ks ratio indicated the intense purifying selection of LACS genes in four cotton species during evolution. The LACS genes promoter elements contain numerous light response cis-elements associated with fatty acids synthesis and catabolism. In addition, the expression of almost all GhLACS genes in high seed oil were higher compared to those in low seed oil. We proposed LACS gene models and shed light on their functional roles in lipid metabolism, demonstrating their engineering potential for modulating TAG synthesis in cotton, and the genetic engineering of cottonseed oil provides a theoretical basis.
Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) as Biomedical Tools and Their Relevance as Immune-Modulating Agents against H. pylori Infections: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Ahmed Abeer Ahmed Qaed , Besio Roberta , Xiao Lin , Forlino Antonella
Published: May 2023

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are lipid-membrane-bounded nanoparticles that are released from Gram-negative bacteria via vesiculation of the outer membrane. They have vital roles in different biological processes and recently, they have received increasing attention as possible candidates for a broad variety of biomedical applications. In particular, OMVs have several characteristics that enable them to be promising candidates for immune modulation against pathogens, such as their ability to induce the host immune responses given their resemblance to the parental bacterial cell. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common Gram-negative bacterium that infects half of the world’s population and causes several gastrointestinal diseases such as peptic ulcer, gastritis, gastric lymphoma, and gastric carcinoma. The current H. pylori treatment/prevention regimens are poorly effective and have limited success. This review explores the current status and future prospects of OMVs in biomedicine with a special focus on their use as a potential candidate in immune modulation against H. pylori and its associated diseases. The emerging strategies that can be used to design OMVs as viable immunogenic candidates are discussed.
Decoding the Human Epidermal Complexity at Single-Cell Resolution
Authors: Polito Maria Pia , Marini Grazia , Palamenghi Michele , Enzo Elena
Published: May 2023

The epidermis is one of the largest tissues in the human body, serving as a protective barrier. The basal layer of the epidermis, which consists of epithelial stem cells and transient amplifying progenitors, represents its proliferative compartment. As keratinocytes migrate from the basal layer to the skin surface, they exit the cell cycle and initiate terminal differentiation, ultimately generating the suprabasal epidermal layers. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathways driving keratinocytes’ organization and regeneration is essential for successful therapeutic approaches. Single-cell techniques are valuable tools for studying molecular heterogeneity. The high-resolution characterization obtained with these technologies has identified disease-specific drivers and new therapeutic targets, further promoting the advancement of personalized therapies. This review summarizes the latest findings on the transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling of human epidermal cells, analyzed from human biopsy or after in vitro cultivation, focusing on physiological, wound healing, and inflammatory skin conditions.
Multiparametric Dynamic Ultrasound Approach for Differential Diagnosis of Primary Liver Tumors
Authors: Ainora Maria Elena , Cerrito Lucia , Liguori Antonio , Mignini Irene , De Luca Angela , Galasso Linda , Garcovich Matteo , Riccardi Laura , Ponziani Francesca , Santopaolo Francesco , Pompili Maurizio , Gasbarrini Antonio , Zocco Maria Assunta
Published: May 2023

A correct differentiation between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intracellular cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is essential for clinical management and prognostic prediction. However, non-invasive differential diagnosis between HCC and ICC remains highly challenging. Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (D-CEUS) with standardized software is a valuable tool in the diagnostic approach to focal liver lesions and could improve accuracy in the evaluation of tumor perfusion. Moreover, the measurement of tissue stiffness could add more information concerning tumoral environment. To explore the diagnostic performance of multiparametric ultrasound (MP-US) in differentiating ICC from HCC. Our secondary aim was to develop an US score for distinguishing ICC and HCC. Between January 2021 and September 2022 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed HCC and ICC were enrolled in this prospective monocentric study. A complete US evaluation including B mode, D-CEUS and shear wave elastography (SWE) was performed in all patients and the corresponding features were compared between the tumor entities. For better inter-individual comparability, the blood volume-related D-CEUS parameters were analyzed as a ratio between lesions and surrounding liver parenchyma. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was performed to select the most useful independent variables for the differential diagnosis between HCC and ICC and to establish an US score for non-invasive diagnosis. Finally, the diagnostic performance of the score was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. A total of 82 patients (mean age ± SD, 68 ± 11 years, 55 men) were enrolled, including 44 ICC and 38 HCC. No statistically significant differences in basal US features were found between HCC and ICC. Concerning D-CEUS, blood volume parameters (peak intensity, PE; area under the curve, AUC; and wash-in rate, WiR) showed significantly higher values in the HCC group, but PE was the only independent feature associated with HCC diagnosis at multivariate analysis (p = 0.02). The other two independent predictors of histological diagnosis were liver cirrhosis (p < 0.01) and SWE (p = 0.01). A score based on those variables was highly accurate for the differential diagnosis of primary liver tumors, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.836 and the optimal cut-off values of 0.81 and 0.20 to rule in or rule out ICC respectively. MP-US seems to be a useful tool for non-invasive discrimination between ICC and HCC and could prevent the need for liver biopsy at least in a subgroup of patients.
Dysfunction of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Induces Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota via Aberrant Binding of Immunoglobulins to Microbes in the Intestinal Lumen
Authors: Koshida Kouhei , Ito Mitsuki , Yakabe Kyosuke , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Tai Yuki , Akasako Ryouhei , Kimizuka Tatsuki , Takano Shunsuke , Sakamoto Natsumi , Haniuda Kei , Ogawa Shuhei , Kimura Shunsuke , Kim Yun-Gi , Hase Koji , Harada Yohsuke
Published: May 2023

Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells prevent excessive immune responses against dietary antigens and commensal bacteria in the intestine. Moreover, Treg cells contribute to the establishment of a symbiotic relationship between the host and gut microbes, partly through immunoglobulin A. However, the mechanism by which Treg cell dysfunction disturbs the balanced intestinal microbiota remains unclear. In this study, we used Foxp3 conditional knockout mice to conditionally ablate the Foxp3 gene in adult mice and examine the relationship between Treg cells and intestinal bacterial communities. Deletion of Foxp3 reduced the relative abundance of Clostridia, suggesting that Treg cells have a role in maintaining Treg-inducing microbes. Additionally, the knockout increased the levels of fecal immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin-coated bacteria. This increase was due to immunoglobulin leakage into the gut lumen as a result of loss of mucosal integrity, which is dependent on the gut microbiota. Our findings suggest that Treg cell dysfunction leads to gut dysbiosis via aberrant antibody binding to the intestinal microbes.
(E)-2-Benzylidenecyclanones: Part XVIII Study the Possible Link between Glutathione Reactivity and Cancer Cell Cytotoxic Effects of Some Cyclic Chalcone Analogs A Comparison of the Reactivity of the Open-Chain and the Seven-Membered Homologs
Authors: Kenari Fatemeh , Molnár Szilárd , Borges Igor D. , Napolitano Hamilton B. , Perjési Pál
Published: May 2023

Non-enzymatic thiol addition into the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl system is associated with several biological effects. In vivo, the reactions can form small-molecule thiol (e.g., glutathione) or protein thiol adducts. The reaction of two synthetic (4′-methyl- and 4′-methoxy substituted) cyclic chalcone analogs with reduced glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was studied by (high-pressure liquid chromatography-ultraviolet spectroscopy) HPLC-UV method. The selected compounds displayed in vitro cancer cell cytotoxicity (IC50) of different orders of magnitude. The structure of the formed adducts was confirmed by (high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) HPLC-MS. The incubations were performed under three different pH conditions (pH 3.2/3.7, 6.3/6.8, and 8.0/7.4). The chalcones intrinsically reacted with both thiols under all incubation conditions. The initial rates and compositions of the final mixtures depended on the substitution and the pH. The frontier molecular orbitals and the Fukui function were carried out to investigate the effects on open-chain and seven-membered cyclic analogs. Furthermore, machine learning protocols were used to provide more insights into physicochemical properties and to support the different thiol-reactivity. HPLC analysis indicated diastereoselectivity of the reactions. The observed reactivities do not directly relate to the different in vitro cancer cell cytotoxicity of the compounds.