bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endogenous bioluminescent reporters reveal a sustained increase in utrophin gene expression upon EZH2 and ERK1/2 inhibition
Authors: Gleneadie Hannah J. , Fernandez-Ruiz Beatriz , Sardini Alessandro , Van de Pette Mathew , Dimond Andrew , Prinjha Rab K. , McGinty James , French Paul M. W. , Bagci Hakan , Merkenschlager Matthias , Fisher Amanda G.
Published: March 2023

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the dystrophin gene (Dmd), resulting in progressive muscle weakening. Here we modelled the longitudinal expression of endogenous Dmd, and its paralogue Utrn, in mice and in myoblasts by generating bespoke bioluminescent gene reporters. As utrophin can partially compensate for Dmd-deficiency, these reporters were used as tools to ask whether chromatin-modifying drugs can enhance Utrn expression in developing muscle. Myoblasts treated with different PRC2 inhibitors showed significant increases in Utrn transcripts and bioluminescent signals, and these responses were independently verified by conditional Ezh2 deletion. Inhibition of ERK1/2 signalling provoked an additional increase in Utrn expression that was also seen in Dmd-mutant cells, and maintained as myoblasts differentiate. These data reveal PRC2 and ERK1/2 to be negative regulators of Utrn expression and provide specialised molecular imaging tools to monitor utrophin expression as a therapeutic strategy for DMD.
Evidence for wastewaters as environments where mobile antibiotic resistance genes emerge
Authors: Berglund Fanny , Ebmeyer Stefan , Kristiansson Erik , Larsson D. G. Joakim
Published: March 2023

The emergence and spread of mobile antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in pathogens have become a serious threat to global health. Still little is known about where ARGs gain mobility in the first place. Here, we aimed to collect evidence indicating where such initial mobilization events of clinically relevant ARGs may have occurred. We found that the majority of previously identified origin species did not carry the mobilizing elements that likely enabled intracellular mobility of the ARGs, suggesting a necessary interplay between different bacteria. Analyses of a broad range of metagenomes revealed that wastewaters and wastewater-impacted environments had by far the highest abundance of both origin species and corresponding mobilizing elements. Most origin species were only occasionally detected in other environments. Co-occurrence of origin species and corresponding mobilizing elements were rare in human microbiota. Our results identify wastewaters and wastewater-impacted environments as plausible arenas for the initial mobilization of resistance genes.
Gene-environment interaction explains a part of missing heritability in human body mass index
Authors: Jung Hae-Un , Kim Dong Jun , Baek Eun Ju , Chung Ju Yeon , Ha Tae Woong , Kim Han-Kyul. , Kang Ji-One , Lim Ji Eun , Oh Bermseok
Published: March 2023

Gene-environment (G×E) interaction could partially explain missing heritability in traits; however, the magnitudes of G×E interaction effects remain unclear. Here, we estimate the heritability of G×E interaction for body mass index (BMI) by subjecting genome-wide interaction study data of 331,282 participants in the UK Biobank to linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and linkage disequilibrium adjusted kinships–software for estimating SNP heritability from summary statistics (LDAK-SumHer) analyses. Among 14 obesity-related lifestyle factors, MET score, pack years of smoking, and alcohol intake frequency significantly interact with genetic factors in both analyses, accounting for the partial variance of BMI. The G×E interaction heritability (%) and standard error of these factors by LDSC and LDAK-SumHer are as follows: MET score, 0.45% (0.12) and 0.65% (0.24); pack years of smoking, 0.52% (0.13) and 0.93% (0.26); and alcohol intake frequency, 0.32% (0.10) and 0.80% (0.17), respectively. Moreover, these three factors are partially validated for their interactions with genetic factors in other obesity-related traits, including waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio adjusted with BMI, and body fat percentage. Our results suggest that G×E interaction may partly explain the missing heritability in BMI, and two G×E interaction loci identified could help in understanding the genetic architecture of obesity.
Genome-wide analysis of a collective grave from Mentesh Tepe provides insight into the population structure of early neolithic population in the South Caucasus
Authors: Guarino-Vignon Perle , Lefeuvre Maël , Chimènes Amélie , Monnereau Aurore , Guliyev Farhad , Pecqueur Laure , Jovenet Elsa , Lyonnet Bertille , Bon Céline
Published: March 2023

Despite the localisation of the southern Caucasus at the outskirt of the Fertile Crescent, the Neolithisation process started there only at the beginning of the sixth millennium with the Shomutepe-Shulaveri culture of yet unclear origins. We present here genomic data for three new individuals from Mentesh Tepe in Azerbaijan, dating back to the beginnings of the Shomutepe-Shulaveri culture. We evidence that two juveniles, buried embracing each other, were brothers. We show that the Mentesh Tepe Neolithic population is the product of a recent gene flow between the Anatolian farmer-related population and the Caucasus/Iranian population, demonstrating that population admixture was at the core of the development of agriculture in the South Caucasus. By comparing Bronze Age individuals from the South Caucasus with Neolithic individuals from the same region, including Mentesh Tepe, we evidence that gene flows between Pontic Steppe populations and Mentesh Tepe-related groups contributed to the makeup of the Late Bronze Age and modern Caucasian populations. Our results show that the high cultural diversity during the Neolithic period of the South Caucasus deserves close genetic analysis.
Spatiotemporal spike-centered averaging reveals symmetry of temporal and spatial components of the spike-LFP relationship during human focal seizures
Authors: Lee Somin , Deshpande Sarita S. , Merricks Edward M. , Schlafly Emily , Goodman Robert , McKhann Guy M. , Eskandar Emad N. , Madsen Joseph R. , Cash Sydney S. , van Putten Michel J. A. M. , Schevon Catherine A. , van Drongelen Wim
Published: March 2023

The electrographic manifestation of neural activity can reflect the relationship between the faster action potentials of individual neurons and the slower fluctuations of the local field potential (LFP). This relationship is typically examined in the temporal domain using the spike-triggered average. In this study, we add a spatial component to this relationship. Here we first derive a theoretical model of the spike-LFP relationship across a macroelectrode. This mathematical derivation showed a special symmetry in the spike-LFP relationship wherein a sinc function in the temporal domain predicts a sinc function in the spatial domain. We show that this theoretical result is observed in a real-world system by characterizing the spike-LFP relationship using microelectrode array (MEA) recordings of human focal seizures. To do this, we present a approach, termed the spatiotemporal spike-centered average (st-SCA), that allows for visualization of the spike-LFP relationship in both the temporal and spatial domains. We applied this method to 25 MEA recordings obtained from seven patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy. Of the five patients with MEAs implanted in recruited territory, three exhibited spatiotemporal patterns consistent with a sinc function, and two exhibited spatiotemporal patterns resembling deep wells of excitation. These results suggest that in some cases characterization of the spike-LFP relationship in the temporal domain is sufficient to predict the underlying spatial pattern. Finally, we discuss the biological interpretation of these findings and propose that the sinc function may reflect the role of mid-range excitatory connections during seizure activity.
Aqueous habitats and carbon inputs shape the microscale geography and interaction ranges of soil bacteria
Authors: Bickel Samuel , Or Dani
Published: March 2023

Earth’s diverse soil microbiomes host bacteria within dynamic and fragmented aqueous habitats that occupy complex pore spaces and restrict the spatial range of ecological interactions. Yet, the spatial distributions of bacterial cells in soil communities remain underexplored. Here, we propose a modelling framework representing submillimeter-scale distributions of soil bacteria based on physical constraints supported by individual-based model results and direct observations. The spatial distribution of bacterial cell clusters modulates various metabolic interactions and soil microbiome functioning. Dry soils with long diffusion times limit localized interactions of the sparse communities. Frequently wet soils enable long-range trophic interactions between dense cell clusters through connected aqueous pathways. Biomes with high carbon inputs promote large and dense cell clusters where anoxic microsites form even in aerated soils. Micro-geographic considerations of difficult-to-observe microbial processes can improve the interpretation of data from bulk soil samples.
Subtype-selective agonists of plant hormone co-receptor COI1-JAZs identified from the stereoisomers of coronatine
Authors: Hayashi Kengo , Kato Nobuki , Bashir Khurram , Nomoto Haruna , Nakayama Misuzu , Chini Andrea , Takahashi Satoshi , Saito Hiroaki , Watanabe Raku , Takaoka Yousuke , Tanaka Maho , Nagano Atsushi J. , Seki Motoaki , Solano Roberto , Ueda Minoru
Published: March 2023

Severe genetic redundancy is particularly clear in gene families encoding plant hormone receptors, each subtype sharing redundant and specific functions. Genetic redundancy of receptor family members represents a major challenge for the functional dissection of each receptor subtype. A paradigmatic example is the perception of the hormone (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine, perceived by several COI1-JAZ complexes; the specific role of each receptor subtype still remains elusive. Subtype-selective agonists of the receptor are valuable tools for analyzing the responses regulated by individual receptor subtypes. We constructed a stereoisomer library consisting of all stereochemical isomers of coronatine (COR), a mimic of the plant hormone (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine, to identify subtype-selective agonists for COI1-JAZ co-receptors in Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum. An agonist selective for the Arabidopsis COI1-JAZ9 co-receptor efficiently revealed that JAZ9 is not involved in most of the gene downregulation caused by COR, and the degradation of JAZ9-induced defense without inhibiting growth.
Electrical conductivity and nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation rate of Eliashberg superconductors in the weak-coupling limit
Authors: Boyack Rufus , Mirabi Sepideh , Marsiglio F.
Published: March 2023

Electrical conductivity is an important transport response in superconductors, enabling clear signatures of dynamical interactions to be observed. Of primary interest in this paper is to study characteristics of the electron-phonon interaction in weak-coupling Eliashberg theory (Eth), and to note the distinctions with Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory. Recent analysis of weak-coupling Eth has shown that while there are modifications from the BCS results, certain dimensionless ratios are in agreement. Here we show that the conductivities in BCS theory and Eth fundamentally differ, with the latter having an imaginary gap component that damps a divergence. We focus on the dirty limit, and for both BCS theory and Eth we derive expressions for the low-frequency limit of the real conductivity. For Eth specifically, there are two limits to consider, depending on the relative size of the frequency and the imaginary part of the gap. In the case of identically zero frequency, we derive an analytical expression for the nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation rate. Our analysis of the conductivity complements the previous study of the Meissner response and provides a thorough understanding of weak-coupling Eth.
Dense geophysical observations reveal a triggered, concurrent multi-fault rupture at the Mendocino Triple Junction
Authors: Yeck William L. , Shelly David R. , Materna Kathryn Z. , Goldberg Dara E. , Earle Paul S.
Published: March 2023

A central question of earthquake science is how far ruptures can jump from one fault to another, because cascading ruptures can increase the shaking of a seismic event. Earthquake science relies on earthquake catalogs and therefore how complex ruptures get documented and cataloged has important implications. Recent investments in geophysical instrumentation allow us to resolve increasingly complex, multi-fault ruptures for even moderate-sized earthquakes. We combine dense seismic and geodetic measurements to reveal an enigmatic rupture in late 2021 at the Mendocino Triple Junction in northern California. We show that rupture was dynamically triggered, yet concurrent, on two distinct faults roughly 30 km apart. Thus, this rupture combines features of complex ruptures usually considered to be single earthquakes, and triggered ruptures considered as multiple earthquakes. This event illustrates that moderate-sized earthquakes can exhibit similar complexity to that more commonly documented for large earthquakes.
Suspension of oral hygiene practices highlights key bacterial shifts in saliva, tongue, and tooth plaque during gingival inflammation and resolution
Authors: Hall Michael William , Wellappuli Nimali Chandhema , Huang Ruo Chen , Wu Kay , Lam David King , Glogauer Michael , Beiko Robert Gerald , Senadheera Dilani Braziunas
Published: March 2023

Experimentally induced gingivitis is associated with inflammatory and microbiological changes in an otherwise healthy subject, demonstrating the impacts of discontinuing oral hygiene routines. Understanding the bacterial dynamics during the induction and resolution of gingival inflammation will aid in the development of bacterial prognostic tests and probiotics for severe oral disease. We profiled the bacterial community in 15 healthy subjects who suspended all oral-hygiene practices for three weeks. Saliva, tongue, subgingival, and supragingival plaque samples were collected over seven weeks and showed a return to community baseline after oral hygiene practices were resumed. Stronger temporal changes in subgingival and supragingival plaque suggest these sample types may be preferred over saliva or tongue plaque for future prognostics. Taxonomic groups spanning ten phyla demonstrated consistent abundance shifts, including a significant decrease in Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Actinomyces populations, and an increase in Prevotella, Fusobacterium, and Porphyromonas populations. With four distinct oral sites surveyed and results mapped to the Human Oral Microbiome Database reference set, this work provides a comprehensive taxonomic catalog of the bacterial shifts observed during the onset and resolution of gingival inflammation.
Fusion peptide is superior to co-expressing subunits for arming oncolytic herpes virus with interleukin 12
Authors: Fukuhara Hiroshi , Sato Yuzuri Tsurumaki , Hou Jiangang , Iwai Miwako , Todo Tomoki
Published: March 2023

Background

G47∆ is a triple-mutated oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) recently approved as a new drug for malignant glioma in Japan. As the next-generation, we develop armed oncolytic HSV-1 using G47∆ as the backbone. Because oncolytic HSV-1 elicits specific antitumor immunity, interleukin 12 (IL-12) can function as an effective payload to enhance the efficacy.

Methods

We evaluate the optimal methods for expressing IL-12 as a payload for G47∆-based oncolytic HSV-1. Two new armed viruses are generated for evaluation by employing different methods to express IL-12: T-mfIL12 expresses murine IL-12 as a fusion peptide, with the genes of two subunits (p35 and p40) linked by bovine elastin motifs, and T-mIL12-IRES co-expresses the subunits, with the two genes separated by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) sequence.

Results

T-mfIL12 is significantly more efficient in producing IL-12 than T-mIL12-IRES in all cell lines tested, whereas the expression methods do not affect the replication capabilities and cytopathic effects. In two syngeneic mouse subcutaneous tumor models of Neuro2a and TRAMP-C2, T-mfIL12 exhibits a significantly higher efficacy than T-mIL12-IRES when inoculated intratumorally. Furthermore, T-mfIL12 shows a significantly higher intratumoral expression of functional IL-12, causing stronger stimulation of specific antitumor immune responses than T-mIL12-IRES.

Conclusions

The results implicate that a fusion-type expression of IL-12 is a method superior to co-expression of separate subunits, due to higher production of functional IL-12 molecules. This study led to the creation of triple-mutated oncolytic HSV-1 armed with human IL-12 currently used in phase 1/2 trial for malignant melanoma.
Modelling to inform next-generation medical interventions for malaria prevention and treatment
Authors: Nekkab Narimane , Malinga Josephine , Braunack-Mayer Lydia , Kelly Sherrie L. , Miller R. Scott , Penny Melissa A.
Published: March 2023

Global progress against malaria has stagnated and novel medical interventions to prevent malaria are needed to fill gaps in existing tools and improve protection against infection and disease. Candidate selection for next-generation interventions should be supported by the best available evidence. Target product profiles and preferred product characteristics play a key role in setting selection criteria requirements and early endorsement by health authorities. While clinical evidence and expert opinion often inform product development decisions, integrating modelling evidence early and iteratively into this process provides an opportunity to link product characteristics with expected public health outcomes. Population models of malaria transmission can provide a better understanding of which, and at what magnitude, key intervention characteristics drive public health impact, and provide quantitative evidence to support selection of use-cases, transmission settings, and deployment strategies. We describe how modelling evidence can guide and accelerate development of new malaria vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and chemoprevention.
Transfer-printing-enabled GeSn flexible resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetectors with strain-amplified mid-infrared optical responses
Authors: Tai Yeh-Chen , An Shu , Huang Po-Rei , Jheng Yue-Tong , Lee Kuo-Chih , Cheng Hung-Hsiang , Kim Munho , Chang Guo-En
Published: March 2023

A new low-cost, nontoxic, flexible GeSn mid-infrared resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetector with enhanced optical responses via strain and vertical cavity effects is developed to address the need for large-area, integrated mid-infrared flexible optoelectronics.
The effect of triethylamine on dye-sensitized upconversion luminescence and its application in nanoprobes and photostability
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Bo , Liang Zuo-Qin , Yan Xu , Li Mao-Mao , Ye Chang-Qing , Wang Xiao-Mei , Tao Xu-Tang
Published: March 2023

A novel upconversion nanoprobe for detecting ascorbic acid is developed, and the photostability of dye-sensitized UCNPs is greatly enhanced.
Denitrative Mizoroki–Heck reaction of unactivated alkenes
Authors: Zhang Fei , Wang Fei , Zhao Yao , Chen Rizhi , Wu Xiaojin
Published: March 2023

A general palladium-catalyzed denitrative Mizoroki–Heck reaction of unactivated alkenes has been developed with high E/Z selectivity.
Regulation of oxygen vacancies in nitrogen-doped Ga2O3 films for high-performance MSM solar-blind UV photodetectors
Authors: Wang Jinjin , Ji Xueqiang , Qi Song , Li Zhitong , Yan Zuyong , Li Mengcheng , Yan Xu , Zhong Aoxue , Lu Chao , Qi Xiaohui , Li Peigang
Published: March 2023

Nitrogen-doping in Ga2O3 films is proposed to decrease the concentration of oxygen vacancies and further improve the performance of solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors.
Co‐design of memorized controllers for global sampled‐data stabilization a class of nonlinear system with input delay
Authors: Cao Kecai , Qian Chunjiang , Li Shihua , Gu Juping
Published: March 2023

Global sampled‐data stabilization for a class of nonlinear continuous system with input delay has been investigated directly in the discrete‐time domain due to challenges confronted in dealing with infinite‐dimensional system under input delay. Memorized state feedback controllers and output feedback controllers based on dynamic extension of state space have been constructed within the framework of co‐design between sampling period and scaling gain. Upon this compensation scheme, global sampled‐data stabilization a class of nonlinear system has been successfully realized no matter the input delay is smaller than the sampling period or not. Compared with memory‐less sampled‐data controllers, not only sampled‐data stabilization under large input delay has been realized but also transient performance of closed‐loop system has been further improved. Simulation results under different input delays and sampling periods have illustrated the effectiveness of results obtained.
A chopper amplifier with a low duty‐cycle sub‐sampling in the switched‐capacitor integrator for noise reduction
Authors: Mu Geng , Lyu Liangjian , Ye Dawei , Richard Shi C.‐J.
Published: March 2023

This letter presents a low‐noise implementation of the switched‐capacitor (SC) DC servo loop (DSL) in the capacitively coupled chopper instrumentation amplifier (CCIA). The noise of the SC integrator in SC DSL is first analyzed, then a low duty‐cycle subsampling and unbalanced capacitor ratio are proposed to reduce the noise. Fabricated in a 65‐nm complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, the CCIA achieves 2.5 μVrms input‐referred noise, integrated from 0.5 to 250 Hz, and 110‐mV electrode‐DC offset (EDO) cancellation range. Besides, the calculated noise of the SC integrator well matches the measured, which proves the noise analysis. Compared with prior designs adopting similar SC integrators, this work reduces the noise level by 2× and increases the cancellation range by 2×.
Performance enhancement of parallel‐operated inverter‐based virtual synchronous generators supplying active load
Authors: Rahimi Mohsen , Momenzadeh Morteza , Akhbari Allahyar , Khooban Mohammad Hassan
Published: March 2023

Inverter‐based virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) by introducing the virtual inertia enhance the microgrid frequency stability. The subject of this paper is regarding the stability analysis and enhancement of the study system comprising parallel‐operated VSGs feeding an active load. The active load with tightly closed‐loop control behaves such as constant power load resulting in stability issue. In the article, impacts of the dc‐side voltage control bandwidth of the active load and power level of active load on the system stability are examined. Then, an approach based on feedback linearising technique implemented on VSGs is presented for stabilising the system at higher levels of active load power. By employing the presented approach, the VSGs show reduced output impedance at the low and middle‐frequency ranges, and this in turn stabilises the system even at the rated level of the active load power and at higher control bandwidths of the active load dc‐side voltage control loop. Next, the linearised state‐space equations of converters and related controllers are transferred from local dq‐reference frames to a common dq‐reference frame, and then stability of the whole study system is analytically examined. At the end, time‐domain simulations and hardware‐in‐the‐loop experiments are given to verify the analytical results.
Integration of the latent variable knowledge into deep image captioning with Bayesian modeling
Authors: Barati Alireza , Farsi Hassan , Mohamadzadeh Sajad
Published: March 2023

Automatic image captioning systems assign one or more sentences to images to describe their visual content. Most of these systems use attention‐based deep convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks (CNN‐RNN‐Att). However, they must optimally use latent variables and side information within the image concepts. This study aims to integrate a latent variable into image captioning using CNN‐RNN‐Att. A Bayesian modeling framework is used for this work. As an instance of a latent variable, High‐Level Semantic Concepts (HLSCs) of tags are used to implement the proposed model. The Bayesian model output interpretation is to localize the entire image description process and breaks it down into sub‐problems. Thus, a baseline descriptor subnet is trained independently for each sub‐problem, and it is the only expert in captioning for a given HLSC. The final output is the caption derived from the subnet; its HLSC is closest to the image content. The results indicate that CNN‐RNN‐Att applied to data localized using HLSCs improves the captioning accuracy of the proposed method, which can be compared to the latest state‐of‐the‐art and most accurate captioning systems.
Retuning high Q inductive power transfer systems at MHz frequencies: a switched capacitor design method incorporating COSS
Authors: Jin Rui , Gallichan Robert , Budgett David , Malpas Simon , McCormick Daniel
Published: March 2023

High Q coils are required by inductive power transfer (IPT) links to attain reasonable levels of power transfer especially for loosely coupled links such as those used for small, deeply implanted medical devices. However, the high Q feature makes IPT systems strongly dependent on operating frequency which must be matched in the primary and secondary resonant tanks. Consequently, power transfer is sensitive to resonant frequency shifts due to component aging and environmental factors. Here, a switched capacitor (SC) network is developed to maintain tight matching and enhance system robustness. The combination of high voltage and high frequency required to achieve power transfer to deeply implanted devices makes the SC network design challenging. High frequencies require small tuning capacitance and high voltage requires MOSFETS with large output capacitance (COSS) resulting in COSS having a significant effect on tuning frequency. This paper proposes a parameter design method incorporating COSS to eliminate the uncertainty of voltage related COSS. In the experiment, the SC network broadens the effective bandwidth from 37 to 585 kHz at the centre frequency of 6.50 MHz. Across a frequency sweep, the worst case in transfer power drop is −0.43 dB, which demonstrates sufficient immunity to parameter deviations.
MaNGA integral-field stellar kinematics of LoTSS radio galaxies: Luminous radio galaxies tend to be slow rotators
Authors: Zheng Xuechen , Röttgering Huub , van der Wel Arjen , Cappellari Michele
Published: March 2023

The radio jets of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) can heat up the gas around a host galaxy and quench star formation activity. The presence of a radio jet could be related to the evolutionary path of the host galaxy and may be imprinted in the morphology and kinematics of the galaxy. In this work, we use data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey’s Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey and the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) Two-Metre Sky Survey as well as the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) Sky Survey and the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeter survey. We combine these integral field spectroscopic data and radio data to study the link between stellar kinematics and radio AGNs. We find that the luminosity-weighted stellar angular momentum λRe is tightly related to the range of radio luminosity and the fraction of radio AGNs Fradio present in galaxies, as high-luminosity radio AGNs are only in galaxies with a small λRe, and the Fradio at a fixed stellar mass decreases with λRe. These results indicate that galaxies with stronger random stellar motions with respect to the ordered motions might be better breeding grounds for powerful radio AGNs. This would also imply that the merger events of galaxies are important in the triggering of powerful radio jets in our sample.
Decision support system for managing multi-echelon supply chain networks against disruptions using adaptive fractional order control algorithm
Authors: Cuong Truong Ngoc , Kim Hwan-Seong , Bao Long Le Ngoc , You Sam-Sang
Published: March 2023

Managing highly evolving supply chains can be challenging, especially when vulnerable to disruptions and risks. This paper deals with a supply chain system’s dynamical analysis and efficient management strategy using a four-stage hyperchaotic Lorenz–Stenflo equation under disruptive events. Nonlinear behaviors are intensely investigated by eigenvalue and bifurcation analysis to identify supply chain risks. Then phase portraits are presented to illustrate the bullwhip effect negatively influencing the performance of various stages of multi-echelon supply chains. Resilient supply chains have been developed along with dynamic identification by realizing an adaptive fractional-order controller. An efficient control algorithm can optimize the management system while reducing potential risks by employing control theory in a decision support system. Performance criteria have been exploited to validate the control methodology. Using digital management algorithms, decision-makers might effectively cope with chaos suppression and synchronization problems, ensuring productivity and sustainability. Finally, the novel decision-making strategy can offer new insights into effectively managing digital supply chain networks against market volatility.
Detailed Review on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus with Emphasis on Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Related Risk Factors, and its Subsequent Conversion to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gajera Dhruvil , Trivedi Vishva , Thaker Priyanshu , Rathod Mrudang , Dharamsi Abhay
Published: March 2023

Any degree of glucose intolerance during the pregnancy of a women is termed as Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). It may further develop into Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) later in life. GDM affects both mother and infant in multiple ways and there are various factors that predispose the development of GDM.The primary objective of this review is to describe the various aspects related to GDM and the subsequent risk of developing T2DM later in life.We reviewed freely accessible, full-text articles, available in PubMed, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE in the English language, till August 2022 pertaining to GDM.The pathophysiology of underlying glucose intolerance has been discussed, including the various factors like β-Cell dysfunction, chronic insulin resistance, adiponectin, insulin resistance. GDM affects pregnancies world-wide, but it is higher in the South-east Asia, northern America and Caribbean, south and central America regions. Along with ethnicity, various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors also play a major role in development of disease. Although no standard diagnostic criteria is accepted world-wide for screening of GDM, but the one-step and two-step approach has made quite a difference. The risk of developing T2DM after GDM is well documented, and it increases with age. GDM leads to an onset of diabetes in the family at a young age, it leads to poor consequences on the health of both the mother and infant. Standard diagnostic criteria, proper education and counselling of the mother is required to tackle the condition.
Are All Patients Going Home after Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Temporal Analysis of Discharge Trends and Predictors of Nonhome Discharge (2011–2020)
Authors: Pan Xuankang , Xu James , Rullán Pedro J. , Pasqualini Ignacio , Krebs Viktor E. , Molloy Robert M. , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: March 2023

Value-based orthopaedic surgery and reimbursement changes for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are potential factors shaping arthroplasty practice nationwide. This study aimed to evaluate (1) trends in discharge disposition (home vs nonhome discharge), (2) episode-of-care outcomes for home and nonhome discharge cohorts, and (3) predictors of nonhome discharge among patients undergoing TKA from 2011 to 2020. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was reviewed for all primary TKAs from 2011 to 2020. A total of 462,858 patients were identified and grouped into home discharge (n = 378,771) and nonhome discharge (n = 84,087) cohorts. The primary outcome was the annual rate of home/nonhome discharges. Secondary outcomes included trends in health care utilization parameters, readmissions, and complications. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with nonhome discharge. Overall, 82% were discharged home, and 18% were discharged to a nonhome facility. Home discharge rates increased from 65.5% in 2011 to 94% in 2020. Nonhome discharge rates decreased from 34.5% in 2011 to 6% in 2020. Thirty-day readmissions decreased from 3.2 to 2.4% for the home discharge cohort but increased from 5.6 to 6.1% for the nonhome discharge cohort. Female sex, Asian or Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class > II, Charlson comorbidity index scores > 0, smoking, dependent functional status, and age > 60 years were associated with higher odds of nonhome discharge. Over the last decade, there has been a major shift to home discharge after TKA. Future work is needed to further assess if perioperative interventions may have a positive effect in decreasing adverse outcomes in nonhome discharge patients.
Preoperative Corticosteroid Injections Are Not Associated with Deep Infection after Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: McCormick Johnathon R. , Berlinberg Elyse J. , Oladipo Victoria , Forlenza Enrico M. , Forsythe Brian , Gerlinger Tad L.
Published: March 2023

Prior to unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), corticosteroid injections (CSI) are a common nonoperative treatment for arthritis. It is unclear whether CSI prior to UKA impacts the likelihood of postoperative infection. This study sought to determine if there is a time- and/or dose-dependent relationship between preoperative CSI and postoperative infection. An administrative claims database was queried for patients undergoing UKA with more than 1 year of pre-enrollment and follow-up. Of 31,676 patients with a UKA who met enrollment criteria, 8,628 patients had a CSI 0 to 3 months prior to surgery, 111 had a CSI 3 to 12 months prior to surgery, and 22,937 never received an injection. Overall, 246 postoperative deep infections were reported (0.8%). Time-dependent and dose-dependent relationships were modeled using multivariable logistic regressions. Postoperative deep infections occurred in 64 patients with CSI 0 to 3 months prior to surgery (0.7%), compared with 0 patients with CSI 3 to 12 months before surgery (0.0%) and 182 controls (0.8%, p = 0.58). CSI within 1 month prior to UKA was not statistically associated with postoperative infection (p = 0.66). Two or more CSI within 3 months prior to UKA were associated with a twofold elevated odds of infection, compared with receiving a single injection (odds ratio [OR]: 2.08, p = 0.03). Univariable predictors of infection included younger age, increasing Charlson Comorbidity Index, smoking, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, liver disease, and obesity. Multivariable analysis controlling for these characteristics elicited no relationship between recent CSI administration and postoperative infection. CSI within 3 months of surgery (1.5%) or 3 to 12 months (1.8%) were associated with increased conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) compared with those who did not receive an injection (1.1%, p = 0.01), although TKA for indication of periprosthetic joint infection was not statistically different (p = 0.72). Preoperative CSI within 3 months of UKA is not associated with postoperative infection, although significant medical comorbidity does show an association. Preoperative CSI is associated with increased conversion from UKA to TKA for noninfectious indications.
Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell Metabolites Oral Gel Enhance Pro-Angiogenic Factors Expression, Angiogenesis, and Clinical Outcome of Oral Ulcer Rat Model
Authors: Wicaksono Satutya , Nugraha Alexander Patera , Rahmahani Jola , Rantam Fedik Abdul , Kuncorojakti Suryo , Susilowati Helen , Riawan Wibi , Arundina Ira , Lestari Pudji , Masya Resgita Nadila , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Ernawati Diah Savitri
Published: March 2023

Objective Enhancing wound healing capacity is one of the main principles in oral ulcer management. Efficient oral ulcer management will accelerate clinical symptom amelioration and prevent complications. Adipose mesenchymal stem cell metabolites (AdMSCM), a novel biological product, contains a plethora of bioactive mediators that can induce a series of processes in wound healing. This study will analyze the clinical outcome, angiogenesis, and expression of FGF-2 and VEGFA in the oral ulcer rat model after AdMSCM oral gel application.

Materials and Methods Twenty healthy male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) were used to create oral ulcer animal models. AdMSCM oral gel treatment was performed three times daily for 3 and 7 days. Clinical outcome was assessed by measuring the major diameter of the ulcer; the angiogenesis was evaluated through histological assessment; the expression of VEGFA and FGF-2 was assessed using the immunohistochemistry method.

Statistical Analysis This study uses parametric comparative analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey's HSD test

Results The application of AdMSCM oral gel in an oral ulcer rat model significantly enhanced the clinical outcome (p < 0.05). In addition, similar results were shown in the histologic assessment of angiogenesis and supported by the significant increase of VEGFA and FGF-2 expression.

Conclusions AdMSCM oral gel accelerates oral ulcer healing processes, proven by the enhancement of angiogenesis, pro-angiogenic factors expression, and clinical outcomes.
Measuring Quality at the Surgeon Level
Authors: Chamely Elias A. , Stulberg Jonah J.
Published: March 2023

Patients expect high-quality surgical care and increasingly are looking for ways to assess the quality of the surgeon they are seeing, but quality measurement is often more complicated than one might expect. Measurement of individual surgeon quality in a manner that allows for comparison among surgeons is particularly difficult. While the concept of measuring individual surgeon quality has a long history, technology now allows for new and innovative ways to measure and achieve surgical excellence. However, some recent efforts to make surgeon-level quality data publicly available have highlighted the challenges of this work. Through this chapter, the reader will be introduced to a brief history of surgical quality measurement, learn about the current state of quality measurement, and get a glimpse into what the future holds.
Effectiveness of the Attachment Design and Thickness of Clear Aligners during Orthodontic Anterior Retraction: Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Alhasyimi Ananto Ali , Ayub Aulia , Farmasyanti Cendrawasih Andusyana
Published: March 2023

Objective Clear aligner treatment (CAT) provides orthodontic patients with a comfortable treatment alternative; however, this device has limited capacity to facilitate tooth movements. Although composite attachment has been proposed to facilitate tooth displacement, some of its aspects, such as aligner thickness, can influence CAT's precision. This work aimed to compare the stress distribution patterns produced by clear aligners with different thicknesses and composite attachment shapes during anterior retraction.

Materials and Methods Maxillary models consisting of clear aligners, maxillary teeth, and various attachments to the upper central incisor's labial surface were generated. Three models were built to mimic the retraction of the upper central incisors. Each had a distinct attachment design (rectangular attachment, ellipsoid attachment, and pyramidal attachment) and various aligner thicknesses (0.75, 0.85, 0.95, 1.05, and 1.15 mm). Upper central incisor retraction was accomplished using clear aligners. Finite element analysis was used to examine the built models. Stress distribution pattern was examined.

Results The greater the thickness of the aligner, the higher the stress experienced by the teeth. The 0.75 mm-thick aligner induces the lightest stress with a minimum of 0.0037623 MPa and a maximum of 0.32859 MPa. Meanwhile, the 1.5 mm-thick aligner has the highest stress with a minimum of 0.004679 MPa and a maximum of 0.43858 MPa. The force distribution on rectangular attachments appears evenly distributed. The maximum pressure force on rectangular attachments has a minimum of 0.38828 MPa, which is smaller than the maximum on ellipsoid and pyramidal attachments at 0.40933 and 0.45099 MPa, respectively.

Conclusion The best aligner thickness is 0.75 to 0.85 mm for anterior retraction. An aligner with 0.95 mm thickness can still be used when a remarkable amount of tooth movement force is needed; however, this exception is only applicable to a limited number of clear aligner trays. The ellipsoid attachment is the best type of attachment because the resulting force is substantial and evenly distributed.
Cancer in the Anal Transition Zone and Ileoanal Pouch following Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Miller-Ocuin Jennifer L. , Ashburn Jean H.
Published: March 2023

Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis remains the gold standard treatment for patients with ulcerative colitis who desire restoration of intestinal continuity. Despite a significant cancer risk reduction after surgical removal of the colon and rectum, dysplasia and cancers of the ileal pouch or anal transition zone still occur and are a risk even if an anal canal mucosectomy is performed. Surgical care and maintenance after ileoanal anastomosis must include consideration of malignant potential along with other commonly monitored variables such as bowel function and quality of life. Cancers and dysplasia of the ileal pouch are rare but sometimes difficult-to-manage sequelae of pouch surgery.
Career Transitions: What Are Other Options to Clinical Practice That May Align with New or Evolving Priorities/Goals?
Authors: Ramamoorthy Sonia L.
Published: March 2023

Career transitions are an essential part of the evolution of one's professional life. Transitions can take place at any time and for a variety of reasons. In this article, I review career transitions in the context of my own experiences and offer some advice and guidelines for making a career transition. The article also reviews what opportunities exist for career development and how that can lead to new and future prospects. Finally, achieving work–life balance can be difficult in today's health care landscape. Setting priorities and revisiting one's life plan on a regular basis establishes a professional “true north” to help navigate the challenges and disruptions of health care.
The impact of the first wave of COVID-19 on students’ attainment, analysed by IRT modelling method
Authors: Takács Rita , Takács Szabolcs , Kárász Judit T. , Oláh Attila , Horváth Zoltán
Published: March 2023

Universities around the world were closed for several months to slow down the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. During this crisis, a tremendous amount of effort was made to use online education to support the teaching and learning process. The COVID-19 pandemic gave us a profound insight into how online education can radically affect students and how students adapt to new challenges. The question is how switching to online education affected dropout? This study shows the results of a research project clarifying the impact of the transition to online courses on dropouts. The data analysed are from a large public university in Europe where online education was introduced in March 2020. This study compares the academic progress of students newly enroled in 2018 and 2019 using IRT modelling. The results show that (1) this period did not contribute significantly to the increase in dropout, and we managed to retain our students.(2) Subjects became more achievable during online education, and students with less ability were also able to pass their exams. (3) Students who participated in online education reported lower average grade points than those who participated in on-campus education. Consequently, on-campus students could win better scholarships because of better grades than students who participated in online education. Analysing students’ results could help (1) resolve management issues regarding scholarship problems and (2) administrators develop programmes to increase retention in online education.
The impact of capitalist profit-seeking behavior by online food delivery platforms on food safety risks and government regulation strategies
Authors: Dai Xiaoting , Wu Linhai
Published: March 2023

Capital monopolized platforms that have emerged based on the new “Internet Plus” economic form will undoubtedly distort market competition. Taking the Meituan online food delivery platform in China as an example, this study (1) investigates the game of interests between the platform and restaurants and the resulting impact on food safety risks, and (2) explores the interactions among government regulations, platform profit strategy, and restaurant behavior. An evolutionary game model between the capital-monopolized online food delivery platform and the restaurants was developed with an optional promotion fee and government regulation level as variables. Analysis of four equilibrium situations derived from the evolutionary game model showed that the platform always pursued high overall profit in every equilibrium situation. This capitalist profit-seeking behavior will most likely reduce the profit margins and even the survival space of restaurants on the platform, forcing them to engage in opportunistic behavior and illegal production, thereby resulting in increased food safety risks in online food delivery and consequently increased government regulation costs. Although increased government regulation can change the production strategy of restaurants, it cannot change the platform’s capitalist profit-seeking behavior. The platform’s overall payoff is not reduced due to increased regulation, which once again proves the profit-seeking nature of capital. The strategy of low commissions but high promotion fees may require greater government regulation to restrain the opportunistic behavior of restaurants. Therefore, the Chinese government regulators can achieve a win-win situation of improved government regulation efficiency and reduced regulation costs by designing new regulatory strategies that do not reduce the platform’s overall payoff.
The developmental trajectories of L2 lexical-semantic networks
Authors: Feng Xuefang , Liu Jie
Published: March 2023

This study explored the developmental trajectories of L2 Lexical-semantic networks by comparing the structure of lexical-semantic networks of Chinese EFL learners at two levels of English: intermediate and advanced. Analyses of data from semantic fluency tasks found that with the improvement of language proficiency, the L2 lexical-semantic network becomes more connected but less centralized. Analyses of community structure revealed that the lexical-semantic network of advanced learners has denser clusters than that of intermediate learners. Examination of individual words in the L2 lexical-semantic network shows that words tend to reorganize themselves with the expanse of the network. In this process, more frequent and connected words tend to remain in the network as central words while less frequent words with fewer connections have the risk of being lost, although a large number of new words keep joining in the network. The results provide empirical evidence for the preferential attachment model of lexical-semantic network growth.