bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of dietary patterns in celiac disease patients using factor analysis method and their relationship with dietary intakes and body mass index
Authors: Morvaridi Mehrnaz , Sadeghi Narges , Alavinejad Pezhman , Sadeghian Mehdi , Tahvilian Negin , Behbahani Hossein Bavi , Ebrahimi Sara , Farsi Farnaz
Published: March 2024

Background/Objectives

Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic and autoimmune enteropathy of the gastrointestinal tract with malabsorption characteristics. The only effective treatment for CD is adhere strictly to a gluten-free diet (GFD) throughout life. We evaluated the dietary patterns in celiac disease patients and their association with dietary intakes and anthropometric measurements in Iran.

Subjects/Methods

This is a case-control study on 182 participants who were referred to the Khuzestan Celiac Association, Iran. Nutritional information was collected using a validated 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The software Stata (StataCorp, Version 14.0) was used to analyze the data. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to obtain participants’ dietary patterns.

Results

A significant relationship was observed between age and body mass index (BMI) across quartiles of the healthy dietary pattern score (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, and P = 0.001, respectively), indicating that as age and BMI increased, participants demonstrated greater adherence to the healthy dietary pattern. Individuals with the highest adherence to the healthy dietary pattern had the lowest odds ratio for celiac disease (CD) (Q1: reference; Q2: 1.96, 95% CI: 0.84–4.55; Q3: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.27–1.42; Q4: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03–0.33, P trend < 0.001), and this association remained significant after adjusting for BMI (adjusted P trend = 0.003) and energy intake (adjusted P trend < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant association between the lowest odds ratio for CD and the highest adherence to the unhealthy dietary pattern after adjustment for energy intake (Q1: reference; Q2: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.13–1.12; Q3: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06–0.71; Q4: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02–0.29, adjusted P trend < 0.001). Additionally, a significant association was observed between the odds ratio for CD and the mixed dietary pattern score (Q1: reference; Q2: 6.01, 95% CI: 2.29–15.72; Q3: 2.47, 95% CI: 0.93–6.55; Q4: 4.84, 95% CI: 1.84–12.66, P trend = 0.02), and this association remained significant after adjustment for energy intake (adjusted P trend < 0.001).

Conclusions

The findings of the present study indicate that individuals who adhere to healthy dietary patterns have a lower incidence of celiac disease.
Synthesis and evaluation of fluorine-18 labelled tetrazines as pre-targeting imaging agents for PET
Authors: Schlein Eva , Rokka Johanna , Odell Luke R. , van den Broek Sara Lopes , Herth Matthias M. , Battisti Umberto M. , Syvänen Stina , Sehlin Dag , Eriksson Jonas
Published: March 2024

Background

The brain is a challenging target for antibody-based positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging due to the restricted access of antibody-based ligands through the blood–brain barrier (BBB). To overcome this physiological obstacle, we have previously developed bispecific antibody ligands that pass through the BBB via receptor-mediated transcytosis. While these radiolabelled ligands have high affinity and specificity, their long residence time in the blood and brain, typical for large molecules, poses another challenge for PET imaging. A viable solution could be a two-step pre-targeting approach which involves the administration of a tagged antibody that accumulates at the target site in the brain and then clears from the blood, followed by administration of a small radiolabelled molecule with fast kinetics. This radiolabelled molecule can couple to the tagged antibody and thereby make the antibody localisation visible by PET imaging. The in vivo linkage can be achieved by using the inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reaction (IEDDA), with trans-cyclooctene (TCO) and tetrazine groups participating as reactants. In this study, two novel 18F-labelled tetrazines were synthesized and evaluated for their potential use as pre-targeting imaging agents, i.e., for their ability to rapidly enter the brain and, if unbound, to be efficiently cleared with minimal background retention.

Results

The two compounds, a methyl tetrazine [18F]MeTz and an H-tetrazine [18F]HTz were radiolabelled using a two-step procedure via [18F]F-Py-TFP synthesized on solid support followed by amidation with amine-bearing tetrazines, resulting in radiochemical yields of 24% and 22%, respectively, and a radiochemical purity of > 96%. In vivo PET imaging was performed to assess their suitability for in vivo pre-targeting. Time-activity curves from PET-scans showed [18F]MeTz to be the more pharmacokinetically suitable agent, given its fast and homogenous distribution in the brain and rapid clearance. However, in terms of rection kinetics, H-tetrazines are advantageous, exhibiting faster reaction rates in IEDDA reactions with dienophiles like trans-cyclooctenes, making [18F]HTz potentially more beneficial for pre-targeting applications.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates a significant potential of [18F]MeTz and [18F]HTz as agents for pre-targeted PET brain imaging due to their efficient brain uptake, swift clearance and appropriate chemical stability.
Why avoid naming diseases after animals? The case of “Molluscum contagiosum”
Authors: Machado Fabrizio M. , Salvador Rodrigo B.
Published: March 2024

For over 200 years, the name molluscum contagiosum—a dermatological disease—has unfairly associated molluscs (the second largest group of animals on the planet) with this highly contagious infectious disease. Herein, arguments are presented demonstrating the serious problem of continuing to use this name, including animal welfare concerns. Thus, to minimize any unnecessary impacts on the biodiversity and conservation of molluscs, we follow WHO best practices in naming diseases to suggest the use of the new term ‘wpox’ or ‘water warts’ as a synonym for molluscum contagiosum.
Tetramethylpyrazine alleviates hypoxia-induced proliferation, migration, and inflammatory response of fibroblast-like synoviocytes via inhibiting the HIF-1α- circCDC42BPB pathway
Authors: Zhang Yu-jing , Chen Li-feng , Li Xu , Chen Jian-hua , Tan Zhang-kui
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease, which might trigger cartilage, bone damage, and disability. Recent studies have suggested that Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), an alkaloid monomer isolated from the rhizome of the traditional herbal medicine Ligusticum wallichii Franch, exerts a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties, containing anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to analyze the role and underlying mechanism of TMP in RA.

Methods

Under Hypoxia condition, RA-Fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) were treated with TMP at different doses. Cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle progression, and migration were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, flow cytometry assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay. Cyclin D1, Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), MMP9, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein levels were measured using western blot assay. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 were evaluated using ELISA. Circular RNA (circRNA) hsa_circ_0005178 (circCDC42BPB), CDC42BPB, and HIF-1α expression were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Binding between HIF-1α and CDC42BPB promoter was predicted by JASPAR and verified using dual-luciferase reporter and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays.

Results

TMP might hinder FLS proliferation, cycle progression, migration, and inflammatory response under hypoxic conditions. CircCDC42BPB expression was increased in RA patients and RA-FLSs treated with hypoxia, while its level was obviously reduced in RA-FLSs treated with hypoxia and TMP. TMP might abolish hypoxia-induced circCDC42BPB expression. Upregulation of circCDC42BPB might partially overturn the repression of TMP on hypoxia-caused RA-FLS damage. TMP might regulate circCDC42BPB level via HIF-1α in RA-FLSs under hypoxic conditions.

Conclusion

TMP might block RA-FLS injury partly via regulating the HIF-1α- circCDC42BPB pathway, providing a promising therapeutic target for RA.
Design and development of an IoT-based intelligent water quality management system for aquaculture
Authors: Olanubi Olumide Oluseye , Akano Theddeus Tochukwu , Asaolu Olumuyiwa Sunday
Published: March 2024

Water quality is generally known to directly affect the health and growth rate of aquatic organisms and determines the success of any aquaculture fish production. However, water quality problems are difficult to detect early in aquaculture production facilities, largely because it requires a high level of technical understanding of the physio-chemical properties of water. In this research, an IoT-based intelligent water quality management system for aquaculture was designed and developed to monitor temperature, pH, and turbidity. ESP32 Microcontroller programmed with the C programming language was used to implement the smart control module which received data from the sensors and transmitted to a cloud database. A web application was also developed which enabled real-time monitoring and control of the system by a user from anywhere in the world, via any internet-connected device. Alarms and notifications could be received via WhatsApp Messenger. The system demonstrated capacity to improve the efficiency and productivity of aquaculture production.
Pulmonary shunt in critical care: a practical approach with clinical scenarios
Authors: Raimondi Cominesi Davide , Forcione Mario , Pozzi Matteo , Giani Marco , Foti Giuseppe , Rezoagli Emanuele , Cipulli Francesco
Published: March 2024

Background

Pulmonary shunt refers to the passage of venous blood into the arterial blood system bypassing the alveoli-blood gas exchange. Pulmonary shunt is defined by a drop in the physiologic coupling of lung ventilation and lung perfusion. This may consequently lead to respiratory failure.

Main body

The pulmonary shunt assessment is often neglected. From a mathematical point of view, pulmonary shunt can be assessed by estimating the degree of mixing between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. To compute the shunt, three key components are analyzed: the oxygen (O2) content in the central venous blood before gas exchange, the calculated O2 content in the pulmonary capillaries after gas exchange, and the O2 content in the arterial system, after the mixing of shunted and non-shunted blood. Computing the pulmonary shunt becomes of further importance in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), as arterial oxygen levels may not directly reflect the gas exchange of the native lung.

Conclusion

In this review, the shunt analysis and its practical clinical applications in different scenarios are discussed by using an online shunt simulator.

Graphical Abstract
Australian child and adolescent mental health services
Authors: Robertson Paul , Eapen Valsamma
Published: March 2024

We aim to describe the Australian child and adolescent mental health system, which has its historical origins in the child guidance clinic, with recent efforts at modernisation to meet community needs and major policy innovations, including the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) and expansion of digital/telehealth services. Shared funding/responsibility across commonwealth and state/territory governments has resulted in country-wide variations, allowing innovation but also introducing fragmentation and duplication. The increase in demand outstripping supply (which was exacerbated by workforce shortages resulting from the pandemic), the lack of robust evaluation, and poor service integration (which make navigation difficult for families) are ongoing challenges.
Mixed-Methods Study on the Responsiveness of the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity Among People With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Fiala Mark A. , Leblanc Matthew R. , Coccia Kathryn W. , Bandaru Shraddha , Silberstein Alice E. , Coles Theresa , Vij Ravi
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE

Financial toxicity is a contributor to the psychosocial burden of cancer care. There is no consensus measure of financial toxicity; however, recent studies have adopted the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST). Despite its growing popularity, data on the responsiveness to change of the COST instrument are lacking. To address this gap in the literature, we performed a sequential mixed-methods study of people with multiple myeloma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In the quantitative phase of the study, we collected COST scores at two time points approximately 8 weeks apart from 72 patients. In the qualitative phase, we conducted semistructured interviews with a subset of 12 patients who reported the largest changes in scores. The qualitative data were analyzed using a deductive coding scheme developed using the Framework Method in the context of a commonly cited conceptual model of financial toxicity.

RESULTS

The median absolute change in COST scores was four points (IQR, 2-6). Only 13% of the sample had the same COST scores at both assessments; 38% had an improved score and 50% had a worsened score. Only, seven of the 12 patients (58%) interviewed reported changes to one or more of the constructs in the conceptual model of financial toxicity. Most commonly, changes to out-of-pocket medical costs were reported (5/12). Changes to nonmedical expenses (n = 2) and subjective financial distress without changes to objective financial burden (n = 2) were also reported.

CONCLUSION

Additional research is needed to explicate changes in COST scores over time.
Local Entanglements in the History of Mathematical Economics
Authors: Carvajalino Juan , Michael Mueller Thomas
Published: March 2024

This essay introduces a special issue of History of Political Economy titled “Local Entanglements in the History of Mathematical Economics.” The articles in the special issue share a particular historiographical approach, characterized by the name of “local entanglements.” The introduction defines the approach and explains why it can contribute in an original way to the history of economics.
The Frame for the Not-Yet Existent: How American, European, and Soviet Scholars Jointly Shaped Modern Mathematical Economics
Authors: Boldyrev Ivan
Published: March 2024

This article tells the story of the first international topological conference in Moscow (1935), an outstanding event that, for the first time, brought together the most notable American, European, and Soviet mathematicians, including those who would later play decisive roles in the mathematization of economics: John von Neumann, Leonid Kantorovich, and Albert W. Tucker. The fact that Kantorovich was in contact with von Neumann and his closest colleagues, Solomon Lefschetz and Garrett Birkhoff, is hardly appreciated in the histories of mathematics and mathematical economics. Their brief academic exchange was interrupted by the increasing international isolation of Soviet mathematics and by the wars that ensued. The article provides a historical account of the conference and traces the intellectual and personal affinities of Soviet and non-Soviet mathematicians, as well as their conceptual innovations. It argues that the conference, as a singular event linking several research communities, mattered for the development of various formal frameworks and their dissemination, contributing to the intellectual landscape in which postwar mathematical economics could emerge. The article calls for a deeper analysis of conceptual affinities and motivations in applying mathematics to economics and for a more nuanced narrative linking these motivations to social and political contexts of economic modeling.
MIT and the Origins of the Modern Theory of Asset Pricing
Authors: Backhouse Roger E.
Published: March 2024

This article argues that it was no coincidence that one of the places in which the modern theory of finance was developed was the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Not only had it attracted Paul Samuelson, who had a long-standing interest in the problem, but its academic culture as a science-focused engineering school that fostered a competitive atmosphere and close relations between its economics department and business school was conducive to the development of such theories.
The Impact of Intracranial Pressure Telesensors: An Observational Propensity-Matched Control Analysis of Service Demand and Costs
Authors: Pandit Anand S. , Kamal Muhammad A. , Reischer Gerda , Aldabbagh Yousif , Alradhawi Mohammad , Lee Faith M. Y. , Sekhon Priya P. , Moncur Eleanor M. , Banks Ptolemy D. W. , Thompson Simon , Thorne Lewis , Watkins Laurence D. , Toma Ahmed K.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Implantable telemetric intracranial pressure (ICP) sensors (telesensors) enable routine, noninvasive ICP feedback, aiding clinical decision-making and attribution of pressure-related symptoms in patients with cerebrospinal fluid shunt systems. Here, we aim to explore the impact of these devices on service demand and costs in patients with adult hydrocephalus.

METHODS:

We performed an observational propensity-matched control study, comparing patients who had an MScio/Sensor Reservoir (Christoph Miethke, GmbH & Co) against those with a nontelemetric reservoir inserted between March 2016 and March 2018. Patients were matched on demographics, diagnosis, shunt-type, and revision status. Service usage was recorded with frequencies of neurosurgical admissions, outpatient clinics, scans, and further surgical procedures in the 2 years before and after shunt insertion.

RESULTS:

In total, 136 patients, 73 telesensors, and 63 controls were included in this study (48 matched pairs). Telesensor use led to a significant decrease in neurosurgical inpatient admissions, radiographic encounters, and procedures including ICP monitoring. After multivariate adjustment, the mean cumulative saving after 2 years was £5236 ($6338) in telesensor patients (£5498 on matched pair analysis). On break-even analysis, cost-savings were likely to be achieved within 8 months of clinical use, postimplantation. Telesensor patients also experienced a significant reduction in imaging-associated radiation (4 mSv) over 2 years.

CONCLUSION:

The findings of this exploratory study reveal that telesensor implantation is associated with reduced service demand and provides net financial savings from an institutional perspective. Moreover, telesensor patients required fewer appointments, invasive procedures, and had less radiation exposure, indicating an improvement in both their experience and safety.
Localization of RNAs to the Mitochondria – Mechanisms and Functions
Authors: Sharma Surbhi , Fazal Furqan M
Published: March 2024

The mammalian mitochondrial proteome comprises over 1000 proteins, with the majority translated from nuclear-encoded messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Mounting evidence suggests many of these mRNAs are localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) in a pre-or co-translational state. Upon reaching the mitochondrial surface, these mRNAs are locally translated to produce proteins that are co-translationally imported into mitochondria. Here, we summarize various mechanisms cells employ to localize RNAs, including transfer RNAs (tRNAs), to the OMM and recent technological advancements in the field to study these processes. While most early studies in the field were carried out in yeast, recent studies reveal RNA localization to the OMM and their regulation in higher organisms. Various factors regulate this localization process, including RNA sequence elements, RNA binding proteins (RBPs), cytoskeletal motors, and translation machinery. In this review, we also highlight the role of RNA structures and modifications in mitochondrial RNA localization and discuss how these features can alter the binding properties of RNAs. Finally, in addition to RNAs related to mitochondrial function, RNAs involved in other cellular processes can also localize to the OMM, including those implicated in the innate immune response and piRNA biogenesis. As impairment of mRNA localization and regulation compromise mitochondrial function, future studies will undoubtedly expand our understanding of how RNAs localize to the OMM and investigate the consequences of their mislocalization in disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, muscular dystrophies, and cancers.
Aqui estamos e não nos vamos! :
Authors: Freire de Castro França Bianca Luiza
Published: March 2024

Este trabalho apresenta as atividades realizadas pelo Projeto Personagens da História, do Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea (CPDOC), durante o segundo semestre de 2021 e traz uma análise acerca da presença indígena no acervo de fotografias da instituição. A partir da atividade de elaboração de um vídeo curto sobre o Dia Internacional dos Povos Indígenas para publicação na rede social Instagram do CPDOC foi possível construir reflexões sobre o registro dos povos indígenas brasileiros nos acervos das instituições de memória e como esses registros podem contribuir para a criação de novos discursos e narrativas sobre esses povos, a partir da adoção da proposta de historicização radical dos acervos do antropólogo João Pacheco de Oliveira.
Η αξιοποίηση των θεωριών της σχεσιακής ηγεσίας στη βελτίωση της αποτελεσματικότητας της διοίκησης των υπηρεσιών υγείας
Authors: Μαρίτσα Ευαγγελία
Published: March 2024

Η θεωρία της σχεσιακής ηγεσίας όπως εφαρμόζεται μέσω των λειτουργιών, αντιλήψεων, διαλόγων, διαδικασιών και μελών ενός οργανισμού, είναι ένας σχετικά νέος όρος στη θεωρία ηγεσίας που έχει κερδίσει αυξανόμενη προσοχή τα τελευταία 20 έτη. Οι μελέτες απομακρύνονται από την ηγεσία ως προσωπική κυριαρχία του ηγέτη και εστιάζουν στην ηγεσία που αναδύεται συνεχώς μέσα από τη συμμετοχή σε διαπροσωπικές σχέσεις και στο συγκεκριμένο κάθε φορά οργανωσιακό περιβάλλον. Ωστόσο, λιγότερη έμφαση έχει δοθεί στην ηγεσία στις υγειονομικές μονάδες και ειδικότερα στους στρατιωτικούς οργανισμούς υγείας. Οι οργανώσεις υγείας είναι εγγενώς πολυσύνθετες και επιχειρούν καθημερινά σε ένα πολυσχιδές «οικοσύστημα» αβέβαιων (επείγοντα περιστατικά) και απρόβλεπτων καταστάσεων (COVID-19) στο οποίο καλούνται να ανταποκριθούν, τόσο οργανωτικά και διοικητικά (επιχειρησιακό μοντέλο, δημιουργικότητα, αξιοποίηση πόρων, βιωσιμότητα, καινοτομία), όσο και λειτουργικά (διαδικασίες, καθημερινή λειτουργία του οργανισμού, παροχή υπηρεσιών υγείας, κλινικά πρωτόκολλα). Στο εσωτερικό τους οι εν λόγω οργανισμοί δομήθηκαν γύρω από το γραφειοκρατικό μοντέλο διοίκησης ιεραρχικής ισορροπίας και ελέγχου. Αυτό το μοντέλο δεν αποδείχθηκε αποτελεσματικό σε έναν ταχύτατα μεταβαλλόμενο κόσμο (ταχεία επεξεργασία μεγάλου όγκου πληροφοριών), καθότι δεν προωθεί την προσαρμοστικότητα, την ευελιξία και την καινοτομία στα νέα δεδομένα των υπηρεσιών υγείας, επειδή δεν έχει σχεδιαστεί να λαμβάνει υπόψιν τις σχεσιακές δυναμικές που αναδύονται συνεχώς μέσα από τις συσχετίσεις των μελών (π.χ. δυαδική σχέση υφιστάμενου – προϊστάμενου ή ηγέτη - μέλους), εντός και εκτός ιεραρχικών δομών, μέσα από τις οποίες προκύπτουν ιδέες, αντιλήψεις και συλλογιστικές της ηγεσίας, με συνέχεια στο χώρο και στο χρόνο. Ο τρόπος με τον οποίο προϊστάμενοι και υφιστάμενοι συνδέονται μεταξύ τους (διεπαφή ηγέτη-μέλους) και οι σχεσιακές δυναμικές που αναδύονται από τις διαπροσωπικές σχέσεις (οργανωσιακή σιωπή, σχεσιακή ταυτότητα, εμπιστοσύνη) επηρεάζουν την αποτελεσματικότητα τoυ υγειονομικού προσωπικού και κατ΄επέκταση την αποτελεσματικότητα των οργανισμών υγείας (συμπεριφορές οργανωσιακής ιθαγένειας, εργασιακή ικανοποίηση). Η κατανόηση των ανθρώπινων κοινωνικών κατασκευών ενισχύθηκε δίνοντας έμφαση στην ύπαρξη ορισμένων δυναμικών που επηρεάζουν τις ηγετικές σχέσεις μεταξύ των στρατιωτικών επαγγελματιών υγείας. Τα ευρήματα της μελέτης υποστηρίζουν την ιδέα ότι η ενίσχυση της αυτοεκτίμησης μέσω ποιοτικών αλληλεπιδράσεων ηγέτη-μέλους, η υποστήριξη της ανοιχτής και συχνής επικοινωνίας και η ενίσχυση της εμπιστοσύνης αποτελούν παράγοντες ενίσχυσης της εργασιακής ικανοποίησης και των συμπεριφορών που παράγουν προστιθέμενη αξία στους στρατιωτικούς οργανισμούς υγειονομικής περίθαλψης.
Analysis of C9orf72 repeat expansions in Georgian patients with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Authors: Kekenadze Mariam , Rocca Clarissa , Turchetti Valentina , Nagy Sara , Kvirkvelia Nana , Vashadze Shorena , Kvaratskhelia Eka , Beridze Maia , Kaiyrzhanov Rauan , Houlden Henry
Published: March 2024

Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the upper and lower motor neurons. Several genetic risk factors have been identified in the past decade with a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene being the most significant. However, the presence of C9orf72 repeat expansion has not been examined in the Transcaucasian region, therefore we aimed to analyse its frequency in Georgian patients with ALS. Methods We included 64 self-reported Georgian patients with ALS from different parts of the country, fulfilling the Gold Coast criteria. To investigate the presence of an expanded GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat in the non-coding region of the C9orf72 gene, we performed Repeat-Primed PCR (RP-PCR). Results In total, 62 sporadic and two familial ALS cases were identified. Patients were aged 26 to 84 years with a mean age of 58.3 years at disease onset. Bulbar onset was observed in 21.88%, upper limb onset in 34.38%, and lower limb onset in 43.75% of the patients. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) fulfilling the Strong criteria was diagnosed in seven patients (10.94%). C9orf72 repeat expansion was detected in only one case using RP-PCR; the patient had a family history of dementia. Conclusions Our results indicate that C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansion does not belong to the major genetic risk factor of ALS in Georgian patients. Further genetic studies in a bigger study population are needed to reveal the genetic causes of ALS in the Transcaucasian population.
Early medieval vernacular Celtic glosses: originals or translations? A case study on the Vienna Bede
Authors: Bauer Bernhard
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the Old Irish glossing tradition on the Venerable Bede’s De Temporum Ratione, a computistical work from the early eighth century. Its main source is the Vienna Bede, a fragmentary manuscript with Old Irish and Latin glosses dating from the late eighth/early ninth centuries. It focuses on parallel glosses found in the Gloss-ViBe corpus where the Vienna Bede has an Old Irish gloss and the other manuscripts feature glosses in another language (Latin or Old Breton/Welsh). Minute analysis of individual glosses is used to determine whether early medieval vernacular Celtic glosses originals or translations from Latin glosses? The heterogenic nature of early medieval gloss corpora makes this a complex question for which there is no straightforward answer: for some glosses, a translation from Latin into Irish is almost inevitable, but others suggest Irish influence on the Latin parallel glosses. Accordingly, each case is discussed individually and the results are synthesised in the final part of the article.
Examining the link between social exclusion and social-risk taking: a correlational and experimental investigation
Authors: Pfundmair Michaela , Lermer Eva
Published: March 2024

Background Previous research has consistently shown that social exclusion increases the proclivity for risk-taking. However, theoretical approaches like the Social Risk Hypothesis suggest that this relationship flips when confronted with social risks. Accordingly, the current study hypothesized that social exclusion decreases the propensity for social risks, in contrast to that for risks of other domains. Methods To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted a correlational pre-study and an experimental main study. In the latter, we tested our assumption manipulating exclusion vs. inclusion using the Cyberball and Future-Life paradigms. Results Results of the pre-study revealed that exclusion was linked to some forms of risk-taking, however, not to risk-taking in social domains. The main study showed that an experimental induced instance of social exclusion dampened the propensity for social risks. It further disclosed this effect’s boundary condition: When individuals were socially excluded to a more severe extent, they did not demonstrate such a risk-averse reaction. Moreover, we identified low dominance as a mediator for the dampening effect of exclusion on social risk-taking. Conclusions These findings indicate that social risk aversion in the aftermath of social exclusion might be an adaptive strategy in the short-term because the prevention of social risks and humble behaviors reduce signals of threat and elicit signals of support. However, this strategy might also produce a vicious circle of exclusion and, thus, higher costs in the long-term.
La Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales de la Universidad de Sevilla en su 50 aniversario. 1971-2021
Authors: Navarro García Antonio , Noguero Hernández Carlos
Published: March 2024

El 23 de octubre de 1971 se crea la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales de la Universidad de Sevilla, cuyas primeras clases comenzaron a impartirse el 15 de noviembre de ese mismo año. Desde entonces la evolución del centro ha sido más que notoria: de los 616 estudiantes matriculados en sus orígenes se ha pasado a más de 4.500, cerca de 400 profesores y en torno a 70 miembros de personal de administración y servicios; cuenta con una amplia oferta académica compuesta por tres grados, tres dobles grados, uno de ellos de carácter internacional, seis programas de másteres universitarios y dos programas de doctorado. Este libro conmemora el 50 aniversario de su fundación a través del análisis de la evolución de diferentes aspectos de la trayectoria histórica de la facultad: planes de estudio, profesores, infraestructura, equipos de gobierno...
Prior Information and Consumer Search: Evidence from Eye Tracking
Authors: Ursu Raluca Mihaela , Erdem Tülin , Wang Qingliang , Zhang Qianyun
Published: March 2024

Do consumers search the brands they know more or less frequently than the brands with which they are unfamiliar? In this paper, we attempt to answer this question using data from an experiment with two novel features: (i) survey information on consumers’ prior brand ownership, familiarity with each brand, and prior experience using different product features and (ii) eye-tracking data capturing search behavior at a very granular level. We find that consumers are generally more likely to search and buy brands they own and with which they are familiar, highlighting the importance of accounting for prior information. For this reason, we develop a search model in which both the information obtained during the search process and the information possessed by consumers prior to search are allowed to influence search and purchase decisions. Our model contributes to prior work by modeling search at the brand and attribute levels within a Bayesian learning framework. Using this model, we then quantify the impact of prior information on consumer choices as well as document the estimation bias arising when prior information is absent from the model. Finally, through a series of counterfactuals, we explore the managerial value of prior information data.

This paper was accepted by Matt Shum, marketing.

Funding: Q. Wang acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation of China [Grant 72072145] and the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province [Grant 2020JQ-226].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.00611 .
SİNEMADA EKOELEŞTİRİ: EKOLOJİK BAĞLAMDA HALK BİLİMSEL UNSURLARIN BUĞDAY FİLMİ ÜZERİNDEN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ORTA Nejla
Published: March 2024

Günümüzde ekolojiyle beraber ekolojiye yönelik bilinç de giderek önem kazanmaktadır. Doğa ve insanla kültür arasındaki ilişkiye dikkat çeken araştırmalarla akademik ve sanatsal eserler konunun daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlayarak bu konudaki bilincin gelişmesine katkı sunmaktadır. Sinema ekolojik sorunlar karşısında ekosinema kavramını türetmiş ve ekoeleştiri perspektifinden bu konudaki tartışmaları ekrana taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma, Semih Kaplanoğlu’nun 2017 yapımı distopik Buğday filminde Türk halk kültürünün ekolojik açıdan halk bilimsel unsurlarını, doğa ile kurulan bağlantıyı, tarımsal uygulamaları ve sürdürülebilir bir yaşam tarzını ele almaktadır. Filmde kültürel uygulamalar açısından doğa ile insan ilişkisi ve toplumsal dinamikler ekoeleştiri kuramı üzerinden disiplinlerarası bakış açısıyla incelenmekte ve içerik çözümlemesi yapılmaktadır. Halk bilgisi bağlamında ekoeleştirel açıdan film, içerik analiz yöntemiyle hikâye yapısı, görsel metaforlar, müzik, renk paleti gibi içerikler Türk kültüründeki ağaç, su, ateş gibi unsurlar üzerinden değerlendirilmektedir. Tarım, filmde ekosistemin bir parçası olarak işlenir ve doğayla uyum içinde geçen bir yaşamı temsil eder. Buna karşılık modern endüstriyel tarımın getirdiği çevresel sorunlara karşı geleneksel yöntemlerin sürdürülebilirliğini vurgular. Filmde toprağın, ağacın, suyun, tohumun önemi ve ekosistemdeki dengeleri görsel olarak da işlenmektedir. Toprakla kurulan bağ, ekolojik denge ve sürdürülebilirlik üzerinden anlatılır. Ana karakterin buğday tarlasında çalışması, doğanın bir parçası olarak tarımın filmin ana temalarından biri olması, geleneksel tohum kullanımı ve ekolojik duyarlılığın geleneksel yöntem üzerinden aktarılması dikkat çekicidir. Ekolojik sorunların eleştirisi yapılırken kimyasal gübre kullanımı ve genetik olarak değiştirilmiş tohumların yaygınlaşmasının çevresel etkilerine vurgu yapar. Film, ekolojik ve kültürel unsurları birleştirerek toplumsal hayatın sadece ekolojik değil, aynı zamanda sosyal ve kültürel bir dokuya da sahip olduğunu göstererek insan ve doğa ilişkisini bir denge içerisinde vermeye çalışmaktadır.
Comparison of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children at paediatric centres and adult centres: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sinha A , Mattson A , Njere I , Sinha CK
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Paediatric laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is performed by both paediatric and adult surgeons. The aim of this review was to compare outcomes at paediatric centres (PCs) and adult centres (ACs).

Methods

A literature search was conducted, in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, for papers published between January 2000 and December 2020. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata® version 16 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, US).

Results

A total of 92 studies involving 74,852 paediatric LCs met the inclusion criteria. Over half (59%) of the LCs were performed at ACs. No significant differences were noted in the male-to-female ratio, mean age or mean body mass index between PCs and ACs. The main indications were cholelithiasis (34.1% vs 34.4% respectively, p=0.83) and biliary dyskinesia (17.0% vs 23.5% respectively, p<0.01). There was no significant difference in the median inpatient stay (2.52 vs 2.44 days respectively, p=0.89). Bile duct injury was a major complication (0.80% vs 0.37% respectively, p<0.01). Reoperation rates (2.37% vs 0.74% respectively, p<0.01) and conversion to open surgery (1.97% vs 4.74% respectively, p<0.01) were also significantly different. Meta-analysis showed no significant difference in overall complications (p=0.92).

Conclusions

The number of LCs performed, intraoperative cholangiography use and conversion rates were higher at ACs whereas bile duct injury and reoperation rates were higher at PCs. Despite a higher incidence of bile duct injury at PCs, the incidence at both PCs and ACs was <1%. In complex cases, a joint operation by both paediatric and adult surgeons might be a better approach to further improve outcomes. Overall, LC was found to be a safe operation with comparable outcomes at PCs and ACs.
Factors affecting the rates of incidental parathyroidectomy during thyroidectomy
Authors: Arslan HE , Zeren S , Yildirim AC , Ekici MF , Arik O , Algin MC
Published: March 2024

Background

The most important factors affecting the development of postoperative hypocalcaemia (PH) include intraoperative trauma to the parathyroid glands, incidental parathyroidectomy (IP), and the surgeon's experience. In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence of IP, evaluate its effect on postoperative calcium levels and investigate the effect of surgeon experience and volume on IP incidence and postoperative calcium levels.

Methods

This retrospective study included 645 patients who underwent thyroid surgery at the Department of General Surgery, Kütahya Health Sciences University between September 2016 and March 2020. All patients underwent surgery at a single clinic by general surgeons experienced in thyroid surgery and their residents (3–5 years).

Results

Normal parathyroid glands were reported in 58 (8.9%) of 645 patients. In 5 (8.6%) of 58 patients the parathyroid gland was detected in the intrathyroidal region. PH developed in ten patients (17.2%) with incidental removal of the parathyroid glands. A statistically significant difference was found between the number of incidentally removed parathyroid glands and the development of hypocalcaemia (p<0.05). Normal parathyroid glands were reported in the pathology of 37 (7.9%) patients operated on by general surgeons and 22 (12.6%) patients operated on by their residents. PH developed in 39 (8.2%) patients operated on by general surgeons and in 8 (4.5%) patients operated on by their residents.

Conclusions

We found that the complication rate during the resident training process was the same as that of experienced general surgeons. A thyroidectomy can be safely performed by senior residents during residential training.
La monosemia nel lessico di alta frequenza: un’indagine sull’italiano
Authors: Casadei Federica
Published: March 2024

It has long been known in statistical linguistics that there is a strong correlation between the frequency of a word and its polysemy, i. e. that more frequent words tend to have more meanings. There are, however, also high-frequency words that are monosemous. The aim of this work is to investigate how many and which monosemous words are found in the Italian high-frequency lexicon, i. e. in the about 7,700 words that constitute the basic vocabulary (Nuovo Vocabolario di Base, NVdB). Confirming the relationship between frequency and polysemy, only 8% of the words in the NVdB are monosemous according to the main Italian dictionary, and a subsequent check in other dictionaries and in corpora further reduces the amount of monosemous words to less than 6%. A semantic analysis shows that the majority of them are technical or technical-like words with a very specific and referentially restricted meaning. (e. g. elettrone, stendibiancheria); but there are also words with a generic meaning (funzionamento), and non-referential words such as grammatical words (sebbene) or interjections (boh). These three classes of words could be considered more or less central cases of monosemy, adopting a prototype definition of this notion.
I verbi sintagmatici nei dizionari dialettali trentini
Authors: Cordin Patrizia
Published: March 2024

This article deals with the treatment of phrasal verbs in the dictionaries of the Trentino dialects, where the sequence verb + locative was – and is still – used widely. An introductory paragraph briefly illustrates the spread of phrasal verbs formed with a locative particle in the Romance languages, and particularly in Italian and in the dialects of Northern Italy. In the second paragraph, eight lexicographical Trentino works are examined, five of which have a digital version. The selected dictionaries, written during the last decades of the 20th century and the first decades of the 21st, cover different areas of Trentino. For each work, the analysis focuses on how phrasal verbs are presented in the macro- and the microstructure. The review shows that all authors provide a rich exemplification of phrasal verbs, but only two present these phraseological units systematically and exhaustively. However, the dictionaries that have an online version offer the possibility of an automatic search which makes up for the absence of a coherent registration.
Bocche Inutili : Abandoned Children, Warfare, and Civic Religion in Siena
Authors: Guerrero Sarah Loose
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article examines the hospital of Santa Maria della Scala in Siena, Italy during a siege in 1554–1555 to explore two related threads within the historiography of charity: the treatment and perception of abandoned children, and the intersection of hospitals and civic religion in a time of crisis. Dedicated to the Virgin Mary, people viewed the hospital and its children as a reflection of Siena’s piety and devotion to its patron saint. During the siege, the designation of the hospital’s children as bocche inutili and the resulting perceptions of the city’s failure in its performance of charity towards abandoned children enabled the hospital’s rector to use rhetoric around foundlings and charity to protest policy and negotiate resolutions. This incident allows us to see how, during times of crisis, abandoned children, through their physical presence in processions and as objects of rhetoric, could hold an important place in civic religious devotions and discourse.
Searching for Ecclesial Compromise: The Role of Juan Landázuri Ricketts, Archbishop of Lima (Peru), during the Preparatory Phase of Vatican II (1961–1962)
Authors: Iberico Ruiz Rolando
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article studies the participation of Juan Landázuri Ricketts, archbishop of Lima (Peru), in the Preparatory phase of Vatican II, as a member of the Central Preparatory Commission (CPC). It argues that Landázuri's involvement at the CPC exemplifies how an archbishop from the Catholic periphery positioned himself with his own interpretation of the Church and her necessity for doctrinal and pastoral renewal. Landázuri was a Father in search of compromises in his interventions at CPC sessions, and pursued a balance between the necessity of Church renewal and the importance of gradually implementing any reform to avoid doctrinal abuses and giving scandal to the faithful. The article seeks to contribute to the history of Vatican II through the knowledge of Landázuri's participation in the conciliar preparatory phase.
Matthew and the Gift: Forgiveness and Mercy as Matthew's Expression of Grace
Authors: Ridlehoover Charles Nathan
Published: March 2024

Abstract: In Matthew and Paul: A Comparison of Ethical Perspectives , Roger Mohrlang sought to provide one of the first truly comprehensive studies of Matthew's and Paul's ethical perspectives. His conclusions saw an emphasis on grace and indebtedness (to grace) in Paul's ethical perspective that was lacking in Matthew's own perspective. In what follows, I will argue that Mohrlang does not acknowledge the full extent of Matthew's expression of grace. Matthew's primary expression of grace is through the language of forgiveness and mercy and their shared emphasis on indebtedness and obligation. Additionally, I will employ John Barclay's "gift perspective" as a heuristic model for highlighting the programmatic function of forgiveness and mercy in Matthew's Gospel to understand Matthew's ethical perspective.
Religious Freedom, Catholic Citizenship, and the First U.S. State Constitutions, 1776–1796
Authors: Carter Michael S.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: For most of the past century, historical and legal interpretations of religion in the U.S. founding promoted the notion that all remaining British colonial-era religious restrictions were swept away in a comprehensive, nationwide, secular, Enlightenment-inspired embrace of "religious freedom," including the granting of civil rights and the right to participate at every level of government. However, broad analysis of the Revolutionary-era and post-founding U.S. state constitutions reveals that in most states, while freedom of worship did prevail, restrictions upon full political participation by Roman Catholics were either left in place or, more often, rearticulated in different language that reveals a continuous, at least implied, preoccupation with anti-popery's historical and theological themes. This shift in language is significant because it indicates a desire to promote Protestant Christianity as the unique source of civic virtue, while quietly reaffirming Catholicism's exclusion, thereby linking colonial, Revolutionary, and founding-era state constitutions to later debates over Catholic citizenship. The symbolic role of Catholics and Catholicism in the British historical imagination continued to exert a powerful force on the thinking of the state constitutions' framers across the new republic.
The Changing Liturgical Role of the Deacon: From Vatican II to the Present and Beyond
Authors: Caron Marc
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: The current liturgical role of the deacon was shaped by the provisions in Lumen gentium (1965) and Sacrum diaconatus ordinem (1967). The publication of the Catechism of the Catholic Church (1997) and of the 1983 Code of Canon Law, along with subsequent revisions to both and the papal magisterium of Popes John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis, have further clarified the Church’s teaching on the nature of the diaconate within the one sacrament of holy orders. Thanks to these developments, the Church is now in a better position to judge whether all the duties assigned to deacons as an exercise of the sanctifying office are appropriate to this rank of the ordained.
The Ars interrogandi in the Judicial Examination (cc. 1534; 1558–1571)
Authors: Oetjen Steven G.
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: The instruction phase is a crucial part of the canonical judicial process, as it is particularly aimed at uncovering the truth of the controverted matter by providing the judge(s) the proofs necessary to make a correct judgment. Canon law envisions that most of the proofs in a trial usually come from the judicial examinations of parties and witnesses. The norms governing the judicial examination help to ensure that it is carried out in a way that is just and aimed at uncovering the truth. Beyond these norms—and in accordance with them—there is also the ars interrogandi , the art of questioning in a way that best uncovers the truth. This article seeks to develop the art of questioning in the judicial examination, drawing from both canonical and forensic literature.
God's Involvement in Creaturely Action: Physical Premotion, Aristotelian Premotion, or a Dimension of Creation-Conservation?
Authors: Kopf Simon Maria
Published: March 2024

Abstract: The question of how two agents—creaturely and divine—can bring about one action has been a theological conundrum for ages. This article explores Thomas Aquinas's view on God's involvement in creaturely action by looking specifically at his doctrine of divine application. What sort of action does God perform in creaturely action? After establishing a textual basis for a discussion of God's action in creaturely action in Aquinas, the article discusses and evaluates three interpretations: (1) Robert Matava's recent interpretation of divine application in terms of creation-conservation; (2) Reginald Garrigou-Langrange's traditional interpretation in terms of physical premotion ( praemotio physica ); and (3) Bernard Lonergan's interpretation in terms of Aristotelian premotion. The article then delineates the differences in the metaphysics of creaturely action. It argues that Aristotelian physical premotion provides a substantive alternative to the traditional account of physical premotion—an alternative that holds that divine application is motion and therefore does not reduce the divina applicatio to a dimension of creation-conservation.