bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Block Kinematics and Fault Slip Rates in the Pamir, Central Asia, From an Integrated GNSS Velocity Field
Authors: Wang Dongzhen , Zhao Bin , Li Jie , Metzger Sabrina , Gu Chong , Wang Wei , Zheng Gang , Yu Jiansheng , Qiao Xuejun
Published: October 2024

Contemporary kinematic characteristics of the Pamir plateau are characterized by (a) significant NS‐shortening across the northern front, (b) EW‐extension within the Pamir and (c) gravitationally driven westward mass‐outflux of the western Pamir into the Tajik basin. The 2015 Mw 7.2 Sarez and 2023 Mw 6.8 Murghab strike‐slip earthquakes highlight the crucial role of shear deformation in the Pamir's interior, but the detailed secular kinematics of the remote Plateau are still elusive. Here, we employ elastic block models to fit GNSS velocities compiled from our own reprocessed velocity solution and from previous studies to determine slip rates along major active faults within and bounding the Pamir plateau. Our favored model separates the Pamir's interior into three micro‐blocks along the NNE‐trending sinistral Sarez‐Karakul fault system and the SSE‐trending Kongur Shan extensional system. The model confirms significant crustal shortening along the Pamir's northern boundary and strike‐slip motion along its western boundary, namely the Pamir thrust system and the Darvaz fault, respectively. In contrast, strike‐slip motion on the eastern boundary is minor. In the interior of the Plateau, we find an upper limit of sinistral shear of 8.8 ± 0.3–9.5 ± 0.2 mm/yr along the Sarez‐Karakul fault system and dextral shear of 6.3 ± 0.3 mm/yr along the WNW‐trending Muji fault. Our model also confirms recent observations of an active, SW‐continuation of the Sarez‐Karakul fault system. In the eastern Pamir, crustal extension mainly occurs across the northern segment of the Kongur Shan extensional system. The recent large strike‐slip earthquakes on the Pamir plateau suggest that shear motion on the plateau is accommodated on a much wider range than only by the Sarez‐Karakul fault system.
The gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide in children with β-thalassemia: potential implication for iron-induced renal tubular dysfunction
Authors: Ghalwash Asmaa A. , El-Gohary Rehab M. , El Amrousy Doaa , Morad Lamia M. , Kassem Shaima S. , Hegab Islam Ibrahim , Okasha Asmaa H.
Published: October 2024

Background

Renal tubular dysfunction is common in transfusion-dependent β thalassemia (β-TM). Iron overload, chronic anemia, and hypoxia are precipitating factors for renal insult. However, gut microbiota engagement in the renal insult has not been explored. Our work aimed to assess the potential link between iron overload, gut leakage/dysbiosis, and kidney dysfunction in these children.

Methods

We enrolled 40 children with β-TM and 40 healthy controls. Gut leakage/dysbiosis biomarkers (trimethylamine-N-oxide [TMAO] and fecal short-chain fatty acids [SCFAs]), oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers, TMAO-regulated proteins such as serum sirtuin 1 (S.SIRT1) and serum high mobility box group-1 (S.HMGB1), and tubular dysfunction biomarkers were assessed. Correlations and regression analysis were performed to assess the relation between different parameters.

Results

Iron overload, redox imbalance, and generalized inflammation were evident in children with β-TM. Renal tubular dysfunction biomarkers and S.TMAO were significantly elevated in the patient group. Furthermore, fecal SCFAs were significantly lower with upregulation of the investigated genes in the patient group. The correlation studies affirmed the close relationship between circulating ferritin, TMAO, and renal dysfunction and strongly implicated SIRT1/HMGB1 axis in TMAO action.

Conclusions

Gut dysbiosis may have a role in the pathogenesis of renal injury in children with β-TM.

Impact

Renal tubular dysfunction is a prominent health issue in β thalassemia major (β-TM). Iron overload, chronic anemia, and hypoxia are known precipitating factors. However, gut microbiota engagement in renal insult in these patients has not yet been explored.

We aimed to assess potential link between iron overload, gut leakage/dysbiosis, and kidney dysfunction in β-TM children and to highlight the SIRT1/HMGB1 axis, a signal motivated by the gut microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), involvement in such insults.

We found that gut leakage/dysbiosis may have a role in kidney dysfunction in β-TM children by exacerbating the iron-motivated oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and modulating SIRT1/HMGB1 axis.
Metasurface-enabled multifunctional single-frequency sensors without external power
Authors: Tashiro Masaya , Ide Kosuke , Asano Kosei , Ishii Satoshi , Sugiura Yuta , Uchiyama Akira , Wakatsuchi Hiroki
Published: October 2024

IoT sensors are crucial for visualizing multidimensional and multimodal information and enabling future IT applications/services such as cyber-physical spaces, digital twins, autonomous driving, smart cities and virtual/augmented reality (VR or AR). However, IoT sensors need to be battery-free to realistically manage and maintain the growing number of available sensing devices. Here, we provide a novel sensor design approach that employs metasurfaces to enable multifunctional sensing without requiring an external power source. Importantly, unlike existing metasurface-based sensors, our metasurfaces can sense multiple physical parameters even at a fixed frequency by breaking classic harmonic oscillations in the time domain, making the proposed sensors viable for usage with limited frequency resources. Moreover, we provide a method for predicting physical parameters via the machine learning-based approach of random forest regression. The sensing performance was confirmed by estimating the temperature and light intensity, and excellent determination coefficients larger than 0.96 were achieved. Our study affords new opportunities for sensing multiple physical properties without relying on an external power source or requiring multiple frequencies, which markedly simplifies and facilitates the design of next-generation wireless communication systems.
Chemogenetics with PSAM4-GlyR decreases excitability and epileptiform activity in epileptic hippocampus
Authors: Gonzalez-Ramos Ana , Berglind Fredrik , Kudláček Jan , Rocha Elza R. , Melin Esbjörn , Sebastião Ana M. , Valente Cláudia A. , Ledri Marco , Andersson My , Kokaia Merab
Published: October 2024

Despite the availability of new drugs on the clinics in recent years, drug-resistant epilepsy remains an unresolved challenge for healthcare, and one-third of epilepsy patients remain refractory to anti-seizure medications. Gene therapy in experimental models has emerged as effective treatment targeting specific neuronal populations in the epileptogenic focus. When combined with an external chemical activator using chemogenetics, it also becomes an “on-demand” treatment. Here, we evaluate a targeted and specific chemogenetic therapy, the PSAM/PSEM system, which holds promise as a potential candidate for clinical application in treating drug-resistant epilepsy. We show that the inert ligand uPSEM817, which selectively activates the chloride-permeable channel PSAM4-GlyR, effectively reduces the number of depolarization-induced action potentials in vitro. This effect is likely due to the shunting of depolarizing currents, as evidenced by decreased membrane resistance in these cells. In organotypic slices, uPSEM817 decreased the number of bursts and peak amplitude of events of spontaneous epileptiform activity. Although administration of uPSEM817 in vivo did not significantly alter electrographic seizures in a male mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy, it did demonstrate a strong trend toward reducing the frequency of interictal epileptiform discharges. These findings indicate that PSAM4-GlyR-based chemogenetics holds potential as an anti-seizure strategy, although further refinement is necessary to enhance its efficacy.
Antibodies targeting the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus nucleoprotein protect via TRIM21
Authors: Leventhal Shanna S. , Bisom Thomas , Clift Dean , Rao Deepashri , Meade-White Kimberly , Shaia Carl , Murray Justin , Mihalakakos Evan A. , Hinkley Troy , Reynolds Steven J. , Best Sonja M. , Erasmus Jesse H. , James Leo C. , Feldmann Heinz , Hawman David W.
Published: October 2024

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) is a negative-sense RNA virus spread by Hyalomma genus ticks across Europe, Asia, and Africa. CCHF disease begins as a non-specific febrile illness which may progress into a severe hemorrhagic disease with no widely approved or highly efficacious interventions currently available. Recently, we reported a self-replicating, alphavirus-based RNA vaccine that expresses the CCHFV nucleoprotein and is protective against lethal CCHFV disease in mice. This vaccine induces high titers of non-neutralizing anti-NP antibodies and we show here that protection does not require Fc-gamma receptors or complement. Instead, vaccinated mice deficient in the intracellular Fc-receptor TRIM21 were unable to control the infection despite mounting robust CCHFV-specific immunity. We also show that passive transfer of NP-immune sera confers significant TRIM21-dependent protection against lethal CCHFV challenge. Together our data identifies TRIM21-mediated mechanisms as the Fc effector function of protective antibodies against the CCHFV NP and provides mechanistic insight into how vaccines against the CCHFV NP confer protection.
Double-pentagon silicon chains in a quasi-1D Si/Ag(001) surface alloy
Authors: Hogan Conor , Sette Andrea , Saroka Vasil A. , Colonna Stefano , Flammini Roberto , Florean Laurita , Bernard Romain , Masson Laurence , Prévot Geoffroy , Ronci Fabio
Published: October 2024

Silicon surface alloys and silicide nanolayers are highly important as contact materials in integrated circuit devices. Here we demonstrate that the submonolayer Si/Ag(001) surface reconstruction, reported to exhibit interesting topological properties, comprises a quasi-one-dimensional Si-Ag surface alloy based on chains of planar double-pentagon Si moieties. This geometry is determined using a combination of density functional theory calculations, scanning tunnelling microscopy, and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction simulations, and yields an electronic structure in excellent agreement with photoemission measurements. This work provides further evidence of pentagonal geometries in 2D materials and heterostructures and elucidates the importance of surface alloying in stabilizing their formation.
The precipitate structure of copper-based antibacterial and antiviral agents enhances their longevity for kitchen use
Authors: Nishimura Takashi , Hashimoto Masami , Yamada Kageto , Iwata Ryuji , Tateda Kazuhiro
Published: October 2024

The transmission of bacteria through cooking surfaces, the handles of hot plates, and cookware that is not cleaned frequently can pose a problem. In this study, a copper ion-based mixed solution (CBMS) containing only inorganic ions with controlled acidity was assessed as a new antibacterial and antiviral agent. We analysed the structure of the precipitates, and various deposits measuring a few micrometres were observed on the substrates. We have defined these deposits as strongly bonded scaly copper dispersion (SBSCD) structures.

The antibacterial copper component of the liquid agent changed over time after application; this mechanism appears to be responsible for the maintenance of antibacterial performance.

CBMS demonstrates high safety for the human body and can be applied to stainless steel materials used in kitchens and tables. It exhibits a sustained antibacterial effect over time, and its antibacterial properties can be continuously maintained.
Effects of urban green space habitats and tree species on ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity
Authors: Lin Qian-Cai , Cen Ying-Qing , Xu Ming , Jiang Dan-Dan , Zhang Jian
Published: October 2024

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are key symbiotic microbial components for the growth and health of trees in urban greenspace habitats (UGSHs). However, the current understanding of EMF diversity in UGSHs remains poor. Therefore, in this study, using morphological classification and molecular identification, we aimed to investigate EMF diversity in three EMF host plants: Cedrus deodara in the roadside green belt, and C. deodara, Pinus massoniana, and Salix babylonica in the park roadside green belt, in Guiyang, China. A total of 62 EMF Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were identified, including 13 EMF OTUs in the C. deodara roadside green belt, and 23, 31, and 9 EMF OTUs in the park green belts. C. deodara, P. massoniana, and S. babylonica were respectively identified in park green belts. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phylum in the EMF communities in roadside and park green habitat, respectively. The Shannon and Simpson indexes of the C. deodara EMF community in the park green belt were higher than those in the roadside green belt. EMF diversity of the tree species in the park green belt was P. massoniana > C. deodara > S. babylonica. Differences in EMF community diversity was observed among the different greening tree species in the UGSHs. UGSHs with different disturbance gradients had a significant impact on the EMF diversity of the same greening tree species. These results can be used as a scientific reference for optimizing the design and scientific management of UGSHs.
Optimizing electrokinetic remediation for pollutant removal and electroosmosis/dewatering using lateral anode configurations
Authors: Abou-Shady Ahmed , Eissa Doaa , Abd-Elmottaleb Osama , Bahgaat Asmaa K. , Osman Mohamed A.
Published: October 2024

Soil electrokinetics (SEK) research has been widely used in various fields such as soil remediation, dewatering, land restoration, geophysics, sedimentation, pollution prevention, consolidation, and seed germination. According to our most recent published research on SEK process design modifications during the last 30 years (1993–2022), more than 150 designs have been introduced to assure SEK’s maximum performance. Incorporating lateral electrodes/anodes was not documented in the existing literature, which motivated us to investigate the output of this design. In this study, we aimed to enhance the performance of the perforated cathode pipe soil electrokinetic remediation (SEKR) system (PCPSS) for removing inorganic pollutants by installing lateral anodes (LA-PCPSS) using two approaches. In the first approach, the LA-PCPSS was connected to different sources of applied voltages (DSAV) from different power supplies, while in the second approach, the entire operation system was connected to the same source of applied voltage (SSAV). We used the Taguchi approach (L9OA) to determine the optimal levels of applied voltages for the DSAV system. The results indicated that the DSAV-(LA-PCPSS) could be optimized at an applied voltage of 1 V cm−1 for the surface and the first and second lateral anodes. The indigenous Sr (elements found in the tested soil without artificial pollution) in kaolinite showed the best response among other elements (Ni and other indigenous elements) when optimizing the DSAV-(LA-PCPSS) using the Taguchi approach. Installing lateral anodes (position B) supplied to low applied voltage (0.5 V cm−1) improved the electroosmosis (EO) rate/dewatering. Reverse migration of ions was observed during the remediation of real contaminated soil using the SSAV-(LA-PCPSS). The DSAV-(LA-PCPSS) is considered an appropriate design for the SEKR of inorganic pollutants, and increases the EO flow/dewatering. Additionally, the increased energy consumption employing the DSAV-(LA-PCPSS) was extremely minimal compared to the traditional PCPSS, which is an economic advantage for SEKR research. The DSAV-(LA-PCPSS) is still under optimization/intensification process, and subsequent processes will be examined to achieve high efficiency.
Phosphorylated tau in cerebrospinal fluid-derived extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer’s disease: a pilot study
Authors: Sattarov Roman , Havers Megan , Orbjörn Camilla , Stomrud Erik , Janelidze Shorena , Laurell Thomas , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by brain aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) proteins. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be isolated and studied for potential roles in disease. While several studies have tested plasma-derived EVs in AD, few have analyzed EVs from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which are potentially more closely related to brain changes. This study included 20 AD patients and 20 cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants. Using a novel EV isolation method based on acoustic trapping, we isolated and purified EVs from minimal CSF volumes. EVs were lysed and analyzed by immunoassays for P-tau217 and P-tau181. Isolation was confirmed through transmission electron microscopy and the presence of EV-specific markers (CD9, CD63, CD81, ATP1A3). Nanoparticle tracking analysis revealed a high variance in EV distribution. AD patients exhibited increased P-tau181 and decreased P-tau217 in EVs, leading to a higher EV P-tau181/P-tau217 ratio compared to CU. No significant differences in EV counts or sizes were observed between AD and CU groups. This study is the first to use acoustic trapping to isolate EVs from CSF and demonstrates differential P-tau content in AD-derived EVs, warranting further research to understand the relationship between these EV changes and brain pathology.
Effect of ultrasound on the physicochemical, mechanical and adhesive properties of micro-arc oxidized coatings on Ti13Nb13Zr bio-alloy
Authors: Makurat-Kasprolewicz Balbina , Wekwejt Marcin , Pezzato Luca , Ronowska Anna , Krupa Jolanta , Zimowski Sławomir , Dzionk Stefan , Ossowska Agnieszka
Published: October 2024

Implant surgeries are increasingly challenging due to their rising number. Achieving the desired biomaterial surface properties to ensure a strong bond with human tissue is a significant issue. This study investigates the influence of ultrasound (US) during the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process on Ti13Zr13Nb bio-alloy, an area not previously explored, to enhance titanium alloy coatings’ properties for biomedical applications. Porous calcium-phosphate-based coatings were successfully deposited on Ti13Zr13Nb using MAO and ultrasound micro-arc oxidation (UMAO). Various properties such as morphology, chemical composition, topography, wettability, surface free energy, thickness, adhesion to the substrate, as well as mechanical and corrosion characteristics were thoroughly analyzed. Cytocompatibility was assessed using human osteoblasts. Using US during the MAO process increased coating roughness (up to ~ 17%), core height (up to 22%), isotropy (up to 17%), thickness (up to ~ 46%), and hardness (up to ~ 18%), depending on MAO parameters and US mode. Optimal coating performance was achieved at 136 mA, 600 s, and a sinusoidal US setting, resulting in the highest isotropy (~ 79%) and rutile quantity (2.6%), the lowest elastic modulus (~ 57 GPa), and the contact angle of ~ 70°, all of which could have contributed to enhancing osteoblast viability in vitro. This study, for the first time, underscores the importance of using the US during the MAO in tailoring the Ti13Zr13Nb for specific biomedical applications.
Polypharmacy in elective lumbar spinal surgery for degenerative conditions with 24-month follow-up
Authors: Dietz Nicholas , Kumar Chitra , Elsamadicy Aladine A. , Bjurström Martin F. , Wong Katrina , Jamieson Alysha , Sharma Mayur , Wang Dengzhi , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Drazin Doniel , Boakye Maxwell
Published: October 2024

We sought to identify long-term associations of medical complications and healthcare utilization related to polypharmacy following spinal surgery for degenerative lumbar pathology. The IBM MarketScan dataset was used to select patients who underwent spinal surgery for degenerative lumbar pathology with 2-year follow-up. Regression analysis compared two matched cohorts: those with and without polypharmacy. Of 118,434 surgical patients, 68.1% met criteria for polypharmacy. In the first 30 days after discharge, surgical site infection was observed in 6% of those with polypharmacy and 4% of those without polypharmacy (p < 0.0001) and at least one complication was observed in 24% for the polypharmacy group and 17% for the non-polypharmacy group (p < 0.0001). At 24 months, patients with polypharmacy were more likely to be diagnosed with pneumonia (48% vs. 37%), urinary tract infection (26% vs. 19%), and surgical site infection (12% vs. 7%), (p < 0.0001). The most prescribed medication was hydrocodone (60% of patients) and more than 95% received opioids. Two years postoperatively, the polypharmacy group had tripled overall healthcare utilization payments ($30,288 vs. $9514), (p < 0.0001). Patients taking 5 or more medications concurrently after spinal surgery for degenerative lumbar conditions were more likely to develop medical complications, higher costs, and return to the emergency department.
The contingent impact of wind farms on game mammal density demonstrated in a large-scale analysis of hunting bag data in Poland
Authors: Klich Daniel , Kawka Joanna , Łopucki Rafał , Kulis Zuzanna , Yanuta Gigorij , Budny Maciej
Published: October 2024

Wind farms are still developing dynamically worldwide, with promising prospects for further growth. Therefore, the assessment of their impact on animals has been carried out. So far, few studies have been conducted on game mammals, and their results are divergent. Previous studies on the impact of wind farms on game species were typically based on regional research covering one or, at most, several wind farms. In this study, we aimed to verify the effect of wind farms on the density of game mammals through a large-scale analysis at the country level, using lowland Poland as an example. The study was based on hunting bag data from open-field hunting districts. It covered seven game species: roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), European badger (Meles meles), European polecat (Mustela putorius), and European hare (Lepus europaeus). We used Corine Land Cover to account for differences in land cover and the area covered by wind farms in generalized linear mixed models. The study showed that in agricultural landscapes, mainly herbivorous species of game mammals were related to land cover types. These species tend to exhibit higher densities in agricultural areas containing more natural landscape features. Conversely, mesocarnivores are primarily driven by the abundance of prey with little to no observable effects from land cover types. Only roe deer and wild boar presented lower densities with an increase in the area covered by wind farms (for roe deer: estimate: − 0.05, 95% CI: − 0.1–0.0; for wild boar: estimate: − 0.03, 95% CI: − 0.11–0.05), while no effect was observed for mesocarnivores or European hare. The underlying reasons for these relationships remain unclear and require more specific studies. The uncertainty regarding the cause of the observed effects did not allow for a large-scale assessment of the impact of further wind energy development on the studied game mammals.
Bifunctionalised acid-base hierarchically structured monolithic microreactor for continuous-flow tandem catalytic process of cyanocinnamate synthesis
Authors: Ciemięga Agnieszka , Maresz Katarzyna , Mrowiec-Białoń Julita
Published: October 2024

The results on zirconia-amine bifunctional modification of hierarchically porous silica monoliths for continuous-flow processes ar presented. The study reports the synthesis and properties of the modified porous monoliths and their performance in the tandem process of deacetalization-Knoevenagel condensation reaction. The properties of the materials were studied by thermal analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, XRF and nitrogen adsorption. It was found that both active centres were uniformly distributed along the monolithic cores, and the antagonistic interaction of the acid and base centres was not observed. It was shown that hydrophobicity of the monolith surface has opposite effects on the efficiency of the studied reactions. The overall rate of the tandem process depends on the rate of the condensation reaction. The performance of the bifunctional microreactors was checked and compared with those of cascade-connected monofunctional microreactors and batch reactor. The yield of cyanocinnamate product obtained in both flow systems was ca. 78%; however, pressure drop in the bimodified reactor was only half of that in the cascade. An effective way of water supply to the reaction system has been proposed. The research demonstrates the benefits of using flow-through structured micro-/mesoreactors in tandem reaction processes.
Forward genetic approach identifies a phylogenetically conserved serine residue critical for the catalytic activity of UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE 12 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hajdu Anita , Nyári Dóra Vivien , Ádám Éva , Kim Yeon Jeong , Somers David E. , Silhavy Dániel , Nagy Ferenc , Kozma-Bognár László
Published: October 2024

Circadian clocks rely on transcriptional/translational feedback loops involving clock genes and their corresponding proteins. While the primary oscillations originate from gene expression, the precise control of clock protein stability plays a pivotal role in establishing the 24-hour circadian rhythms. Most clock proteins are degraded through the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway, yet the enzymes responsible for ubiquitination and deubiquitination remain poorly characterised. We identified a missense allele (ubp12-3, S327F) of the UBP12 gene/protein in Arabidopsis. Despite ubp12-3 exhibited a short period phenotype similar to that of a loss-of-function allele, molecular analysis indicated elevated protease activity in ubp12-3. We demonstrated that early flowering of ubp12 mutants is a result of the shortened circadian period rather than a direct alteration of UBP12 function. Analysis of protease activity of non-phosphorylatable (S327A, S327F) and phosphomimetic (S327D) derivatives in bacteria suggested that phosphorylation of serine 327 inhibits UBP12 enzymatic activity, which could explain the over-functioning of S327F in vivo. We showed that phosphomimetic mutations of the conserved serine in the Neurospora and human orthologues reduced ubiquitin cleavage activity suggesting that not only the primary structures of UBP12-like enzymes are phylogenetically conserved across a wide range of species, but also the molecular mechanisms governing their enzymatic activity.
CMTM3 regulates neutrophil activation and aggravates sepsis through TLR4 signaling
Authors: Xue Haiyan , Xiao Ziyan , Zhao Xiujuan , Li Shu , Cheng Qian , Fu Chun , Zhu Fengxue
Published: October 2024

Regulation of neutrophil activation plays a significant role in managing sepsis. CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing (CMTM)3 is a membrane protein involved in immune response. Here, we find that CMTM3 expression is elevated in sepsis and plays a crucial role in mediating the imbalance of neutrophil migration. Cmtm3 knockout improves the survival rate of septic mice, mitigate inflammatory responses, and ameliorate organ damage. Mechanistically, the deletion of Cmtm3 reduced the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on neutrophils, leading to a decrease in the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) on the cell membrane. This resulted in a reduced migration of neutrophils from the bone marrow to the bloodstream, thereby attenuating their recruitment to vital organs. Our findings suggest that targeting CMTM3 holds promise as a therapeutic approach to ameliorate the dysregulation of neutrophil migration and multi-organ damage associated with sepsis.
Electrochemical sensors based on composites of porous Fe3O4/C and carbon black for sensitive and rapid detection of propofol
Authors: Chen Shouhui , Zhou Dan , Xiong Qinghao , Yang Yinan , Zhang Mingyang , Chen Shoulin
Published: October 2024

Propofol, an anesthetic, was quickly detected on carbon black doped Fe3O4/C modified electrodes via electrochemical methods.
Recent progress in organelle-targeting fluorescent probes for the detection of peroxynitrite
Authors: Li Lanqing , Wang Chunzheng , Hu Jinhui , Chen Wen-Hua
Published: October 2024

This review describes the updates and advances of ONOO− fluorescent probes from the unique perspective of organelle-targeting. The related design strategy, spectral responses, response mechanisms and applications are thoroughly discussed.
Cobalt nanoparticles confined in silica networks with 3D hierarchical porous features for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Zhou Dingxiang , Zhang Meng , Xiao Erfei , Zhang Yuhua , Zhao Yanxi , Liu Chengchao , Li Jinlin
Published: October 2024

Cobalt nanoparticles embedded in an adjustable pore silica network exhibit high activity, selectivity, and stability for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.
Serendipitous synthesis of phenanthrene derivatives by exploiting electrocyclization during thermolysis of Diels–Alder intermediate dihydrodibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxides
Authors: Bharathi Kabali Divya , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K
Published: October 2024

The Diels–Alder adducts, dihydrodibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxides, underwent SO2 elimination followed by thermal electrocyclization and subsequent aromatization to afford aryl/hetero-aryl fused phenanthrene derivatives.
A giant macrocycle overcomes the post-treatment phototoxicity of photofrin through host–guest complexation
Authors: Lin Shujie , Yu Xiang , Zhang Ziliang , Zhang Yahan , Chen Junyi , Li Chunju , Meng Qingbin
Published: October 2024

Here we reported a supramolecular sequestration strategy to overcome the post-treatment phototoxicity of photofrin via direct host–guest complexation.
3D carbon skeleton/MOF derivatives for efficient electromagnetic absorption and corrosion resistance
Authors: Chen Song , Ji Yanwen , Ke Jinning , Zhou Jie , Zhang Mengyu , Meng Xiuxia , Hou Wenjie , Liu Dong
Published: October 2024

The in situ growth and pyrolysis strategy of MOFs in 3D CS is proposed, which aims to prepare efficient EM absorbers with enhanced corrosion resistance.
Influence of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride on MIL-53(Al) crystallinity and particle size
Authors: Wang Oliver , Vadlamudi Pranavsai , Jang Victoria , Hoadley Andrew , Ortoll-Bloch Amnon G.
Published: October 2024

We investigate the role of the ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride as a crystallization additive in the hydrothermal synthesis of MIL-53(Al).
Dynamics of ionic liquids by means of nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation – overview of theoretical approaches
Authors: Kruk Danuta , Masiewicz Elzbieta , Markiewicz Roksana , Singh Rajendra Kumar
Published: October 2024

Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry probes the translational and rotational dynamics of ionic liquids. To take advantage of this unique experimental potential, appropriate theoretical models are needed.
Structural insights into carboxylic-acid based DES across H-bond donor ratios: impact of CL&Pol refinement
Authors: Zubeltzu Jon , Rezabal Elixabete
Published: October 2024

Improved force field parameters refine H-bond network and long-range structure in carboxylic-acid-based deep eutectic solvents.
Prediction of high-temperature superconductors at ambient pressure with diamond-like structures: B2CX (X = N, P)
Authors: Wan Yi , Chen Ying-Jie , Qiao Shu-Xiang , Jiang Kai-Yue , Liu Guo-Hua , Jiao Na , Zhang Ping , Lu Hong-Yan
Published: October 2024

We predict B2CX (X = N, P) are standard phonon-mediated superconductors with Tc = 44.3–46.1 K, higher than most diamond-like superconductors. Coupling between metallic σ electrons and softened E phonons contributes greatly to their superconductivity.
Theoretical research on a broadband terahertz absorber for thermally controlled radiation emission based on the epsilon-near-zero mode
Authors: Liu Fei , Xu Haochong , Pan Honggang , Lai Zhanyun , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Ailing
Published: October 2024

Theoretical research has been conducted on a broadband terahertz absorber, leveraging the epsilon-near-zero mode, for the purpose of enabling thermally controlled radiation emission.
Selenium-containing metallodrug overcomes cervical cancer radioresistance through physical–chemical dual sensitization
Authors: Cao Jianrong , Guo Fang , Jiang Haiyan , Liu Chang , Guo Junxian , Cai Fei , Lin Hao , Ma Li , Chen Tianfeng
Published: October 2024

Selenium-containing metallodrugs with enzyme-mimicking properties respond to X-ray to achieve radiotherapy sensitization.
Synthesis and relaxivity of gadolinium-based DOTAGA conjugated 3-phosphoglycerate
Authors: Brotherton Andrew R. , Mohamed Shifa Noor , Meade Thomas J.
Published: October 2024

A Gd-DOTAGA based MR contrast agent conjugated to 3-phosphoglycerate for enhanced relaxivity and investigation into its metabolism.
Correction: Bio-inspired copper complexes with Cu2S cores: (solvent) effects on oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: Mangue Jordan , Wehrung Iris , Pécaut Jacques , Ménage Stéphane , Orio Maylis , Torelli Stéphane
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Bio-inspired copper complexes with Cu2S cores: (solvent) effects on oxygen reduction reactions’ by Jordan Mangue et al., Dalton Trans., 2024, 53, 15576–15582, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4DT01629G.
Applying low levels of strain to model nascent phenomenon of retinal pathologies
Authors: Paterson Chase , Vargis Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

In this work, a device was engineered to replicate low levels of mechanical strain on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The cellular response was analyzed to enhance our understanding of disease mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration.
Green synthesis of porphyrin-based self-assembled nanocubes for augmented sono-photodynamic inactivation of bacteria: a sustainable approach towards advanced antimicrobial strategies
Authors: Thakur Pradeep Singh , Sankar Muniappan
Published: October 2024

Self-assembled porphyrinic nanocubes utilizing green tea extract have been synthesized. The nanocubes exhibited excellent antibacterial activity due to synergetic effect of sono-photodynamic therapy.
Synthesis of a novel nanomagnetic N4 bis schiff base complex of copper(ii) as an efficient catalyst for click synthesis of tetrazoles
Authors: Hsu Chou-Yi , AlBajalan Ahmed Rafiq , Awad Sameer A. , Suliman Muath , Juraev Nizomiddin , Rodriguez-Benites Carlos , AlMohamadi Hamad , Kadhim Abed J.
Published: October 2024

A novel nanomagnetic tetra-aza bis-Schiff base copper(ii) complex, was synthesized and effectively employed as a catalyst for the green click synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles.
Superior electrocatalytic performance of nitrogen-doped carbon-embedded Ni/NiO/NiB nanocrystals for urea oxidation
Authors: Zhao Xizi
Published: October 2024

Ni/NiO/NiB anchored in a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix was prepared using a straightforward method. The excellent performance of Ni/NiO/NiB@NC-500 for UOR is ascribed to its porous structure, B doping and nitrogen-doped carbon substrate.
Modern agricultural breakthroughs made using metal-based nanoparticles: an environmentally friendly strategy
Authors: Barman Milan K.
Published: October 2024

Various applications of metal based nanoparticles (MNPs) in sustainable agriculture.
Cation-boosted CoMoSe2@Ti3C2 hybrid electrode framework for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: John Jeya Kamaraj Jeffrey Joseph , Stephen Tamil Lawrence Daniel , Muthu Senthil Pandian , Perumalsamy Ramasamy
Published: October 2024

Hybrid dual cation selenides with MXene as a viable approach for next-generation electrochemical storage devices.
A mitochondria-targeted colorimetric and NIR ratiometric fluorescent probe for biothiols with large Stokes shift based on thiol–chromene click reaction
Authors: Zhu Dongjian , Ren Aishan , Xue Lin
Published: October 2024

1 is a mitochondria-targeted colorimetric and NIR ratiometric fluorescent probe for imaging biothiols based on the thiol–chromene click reaction with high sensitivity, a large Stokes shift and excellent selectivity.
A novel 1-benzoazepine-derived Michael acceptor and its hetero-adducts active against MRSA
Authors: Caletková Oľga , Pinčeková Lucia , Nováčiková Jana , Gyepes Róbert , Olejníková Petra , Pôbiš Peter , Kanďárová Helena , Berkeš Dušan
Published: October 2024

A novel benzoazepine-derived highly reactive Michael acceptor for aza-, thia-, oxa- and phospha-addition with antibacterial activity.
Direct C–H functionalisation of azoles via Minisci reactions
Authors: Lee Ai-Lan , Mooney David T. , McKee Heather
Published: October 2024

This review gives an overview of the C–H functionalisation of azoles via Minisci-type reactions, highlighting recent progress, existing limitations and potential areas for growth.
Preparation of biochar/iron mineral composites and their adsorption of methyl orange
Authors: Dong Yaqiong , Liang Jianjun , E Zhengyang , Song Jiayu , Liu Changjie , Ding Zhe , Wang Wei , Zhang Wentao
Published: October 2024

Biochar loaded with Fe-containing minerals was synthesized to enhance the adsorption of methyl orange (MO). The composites exhibited high surface area, pore structure, and adsorption sites, utilizing electrostatic attraction, complexation, π–π interactions, and hydrogen bonding.
Crystalline engineering of FAPbI3via pyrrolidinium ionic liquid for stable perovskite solar cells with 21.72% efficiency
Authors: Kumar Anjan , Kaur Mandeep , Atif M. , Kaur Jatinder , Kaur Ramneet , El-Meligy Mohammed A. , Singh Parminder , Alhadrawi Merwa
Published: October 2024

Improving the crystallinity of formamidinium triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskite layer is one of the most effective approaches to increase the photovoltaic performance and stability of FAPbI3-based solar cells (FSCs).
A doxorubicin loaded chitosan–poloxamer in situ implant for the treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Sahoo Guru Prasanna , Rai Vineet Kumar , Pradhan Deepak , Halder Jitu , Rajwar Tushar Kanti , Mahanty Ritu , Saha Ivy , Mishra Ajit , Dash Priyanka , Dash Chandan , Al-Tamimi Jameel , Manoharadas Salim , Kar Biswakanth , Ghosh Goutam , Rath Goutam
Published: October 2024

Doxorubicin-containing in situ gel made with chitosan (0.5% w/v) and poloxamer 407 (20% w/v) had a better biological and pharmacokinetic profile than the pure drug.
Design and synthesis of novel 2-(2-(4-bromophenyl)quinolin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as anticancer and antimicrobial candidates: in vitro and in silico studies
Authors: Ryad Noha , Elmaaty Ayman Abo , Selim Samy , Almuhayawi Mohammed S. , Al Jaouni Soad K. , Abdel-Aziz Mohamed S. , Alqahtani Arwa Sultan , Zaki Islam , Abdel Ghany Lina M. A.
Published: October 2024

A sequence of novel quinoline-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrids has been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anti-proliferative and antimicrobial activities.
Rolling and ordering of micro rods in shear flow induced by rod wall interactions
Authors: Wittmann Martin , Kulić Igor M. , Stocco Antonio , Simmchen Juliane
Published: October 2024

We use experiments and theoretical models to investigate the rolling and translational motion of rod-shaped micro particles close to a solid wall in the presence or absence of shear flow.
Progress in waterborne polymer dispersions for coating applications: commercialized systems and new trends
Authors: Pieters Kyle , Mekonnen Tizazu H.
Published: October 2024

Modern polymer coatings are shifting away from dispersion in volatile organic solvents towards waterborne, minimizing harmful environmental emissions.
Emerging van der Waals material CuInP2S6: physical properties, theories and applications
Authors: Xu Tian-Xiao , Guo Xiao-Bing , Zhang Dan , Sun Qi-Jun , Jiang Yan-Ping , Liu Qiu-Xiang , Tang Xin-Gui
Published: October 2024

The review explores CuInP2S6, a promising 2D van der Waals material with remarkable ferroelectric properties and potential applications in neuromorphic computing and memory devices, summarizing its properties, device designs, and future challenges.
A pyridine-woven covalent organic framework facilitating the immobilization of Co single atoms towards efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Yao Yanchi , Lin Jingbo , Liu Shasha , Zheng Yong , Lu Lun , Fang Qile , Song Shuang , Zhu Chao , Shen Yi
Published: October 2024

Pyridine units were incorporated into CTFs to reinforce their coordination ability with Co single atoms. Furthermore, pyridine N regulates electron configuration, optimizing the stereo-conjugation, which is beneficial for visible-light absorption.
Anti-swelling hydrogels via metal coordination network for underwater motion sensors and wireless electronic devices
Authors: Huang Youcheng , Kong Chenguang , Li Cunzhi , Li Xiaobin , Shi Jun , Wang Hangzhou , Jiang Shumin , Xiong Xiaoyan , Wu Kun , Yang Li
Published: October 2024

This work presented the fabrication of a hydrogel material with excellent swelling resistance and good tensile properties for long-term underwater applications.
Ternary afterglow and dynamic anti-counterfeiting applications of self-activated zinc germanate
Authors: Hu Tianyu , Yu Jie , Zeng Qiqi , Zhang Cong , Teng Yuanjie , Shao Kang , Pan Zaifa
Published: October 2024

Self-activated zinc germanates show ternary persistent luminescence of blue, green, and near-infrared light, which are linked with native defects. Aliovalent Al3+-doped zinc germanates achieve new yellow emission and enhanced afterglow.
n-Doping of bio-inspired electron transporting materials: the influence of charge-transfer complexation
Authors: Yiu Wai Kin , Wilkinson Dylan , Cariello Michele , Giza Marcin , Pant Namrata , Mohammed Nabeel , Vella Benjamin , Sproules Stephen , Cooke Graeme , Docampo Pablo
Published: October 2024

This study shows the importance of charge-transfer complexation and the predictive capacity of DFT modelling in designing electron transporting materials for perovskite solar cells.
Feasibility of Using Wearable Sensors to Measure Listening-Related Stress
Authors: Sarangi Lipika , Johnson Jani
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

This study evaluated the feasibility of using wearable sensors to assess listening-related stress in varying listening difficulties. The results were compared to listening effort assessed using laboratory-grade physiological measures. We hypothesized that these wearable sensors could accurately measure listening-related stress and that the results would be in the same direction as those observed with laboratory-grade equipment.

Method:

A within-subject repeated-measures study was conducted on 16 young adults with typical hearing ability. Participants wore three commercially available sensors to record heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), and galvanic skin response (GSR). Participants' listening-related stress was assessed using self-report, wearable sensors, and laboratory-grade physiological measures while listening to sentences in noise. Listening conditions were manipulated in terms of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs; −4, 0, +4, and +8 dB SNR), sentence predictability (high and low), and stress-inducing negative feedback (flash of light and monetary punishers).

Results:

On average, participants reported higher arousal and task load with decreasing SNR, for low predictability, and with negative feedback. Participants had significantly higher HR and RR in difficult listening conditions, when measured with wearable sensors. However, no significant differences were observed for skin conductance. There was a good agreement between the measures for HR but not for RR and GSR.

Conclusions:

Although wearable sensors have potential in reflecting changes in listening effort, the results were not consistent with laboratory-grade measures. Methodological choices in both measures and design appear to affect outcomes. Future studies should focus on crafting designs appropriate to wearable devices to reflect changes in listening-related stress.
A Low‐Complexity Expectation Propagation Detector for OTFS
Authors: Pu Xumin , Sun Zhinan , Wen Wanli , Chen Qianbin , Jin Shi
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we propose a low‐complexity expectation propagation (EP) detector for orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) system with practical rectangular waveforms. In the high‐mobility scenario, OTFS is becoming a potential scheme for the sixth‐generation (6G) wireless communication system. However, the large size of the effective delay‐Doppler (DD) domain channel matrix brings unbearable computational complexity to the signal detection algorithm based on the matrix inversion. We propose a low‐complexity EP detector based on the sparsity and the block circulant structure of the effective channel covariance matrix in the DD domain. The proposed algorithm only requires log‐linear complexity. In addition, simulation results show that the proposed algorithm not only has the advantage of low complexity but also has good performance, which achieves a tradeoff between performance and complexity.
The shape of dark matter halos: A new fundamental cosmological invariance
Authors: Alimi Jean-Michel , Koskas Rémy
Published: October 2024

In this article, we focus on the complex relationship between the shape of dark matter (DM) halos and the cosmological models underlying their formation. We have used three realistic cosmological models from the DEUS numerical simulation project. These three models have very distinct cosmological parameters (Ωm, σ8, and w) but their cosmic matter fields beyond the scale of DM halos are quasi-indistinguishable, providing an exemplary framework to examine the cosmological dependence of DM halo morphology. First, we developed a robust method for measuring the halo shapes detected in numerical simulations. This method avoids numerical artifacts on DM halo shape measurements, induced by the presence of substructures depending on the numerical resolution or by any spherical prior that does not respect the triaxiality of DM halos. We then obtain a marked dependence of the halo’s shape both on their mass and the cosmological model underlying their formation. As it is well known, the more massive the DM halo, the less spherical it is and we find that the higher the σ8 of the cosmological model, the more spherical the DM halos. Then, by reexpressing the properties of the shape of the halos in terms of the nonlinear fluctuations of the total cosmic matter field or only of the cosmic matter field which is internal to the halos, we managed to make the cosmological dependence disappear completely. This new fundamental cosmological invariance is a direct consequence of the nonlinear dynamics of the cosmic matter field. As the universe evolves, the nonlinear fluctuations of the cosmic field increase, driving the dense matter halos toward sphericity. The deviation from sphericity, measured by the prolaticity, triaxiality, and ellipticity of the DM halos, is therefore entirely encapsulated in the nonlinear power spectrum of the cosmic field. From this fundamental invariant relation, we retrieve with remarkable accuracy the root-mean-square of the nonlinear fluctuations and, consequently, the power spectrum of the cosmic matter field in which the halos formed. We also recover the σ8 amplitude of the cosmological model that governs the cosmic matter field at the origin of the DM halos. Our results therefore highlight, not only the nuanced relationship between DM halo formation and the underlying cosmology but also the potential of DM halo shape analysis of being a powerful tool for probing the nonlinear dynamics of the cosmic matter field.