bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carers using assistive technology in dementia care: an explanatory sequential mixed methods study
Authors: Sri Vimal , Jenkinson Crispin , Peters Michele
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:Informal carers support persons with dementia to live at home, even with deteriorating physical and cognitive issues. The purpose of this explanatory sequential mixed methods study is to examine the experiences and impact of Assistive Technology (AT) on carers, providing care for a person with dementia. METHODS:The quantitative phase was a survey carried out with carers of persons with dementia in the UK, who used AT. The qualitative phase involved in-depth telephone interviews with a purposive sample of survey respondents. Data was analysed using hermeneutic phenomenology to develop, compare and explain the findings of the survey. RESULTS:The survey included data from 201 carers. Smartphones and tablet computers were the most frequently used AT. Multiple AT were used in the care of persons with dementia predominantly for safety, communication, and reminders. The Short Form-12 questions in the survey showed that carers in the 46-65 age group and carers who were not extremely satisfied with AT had lower mental component scores and carers who lived with the person with dementia and older carers had lower physical component scores. Twenty-three carers participated in the interviews, and 5 themes with 14 sub-themes were identified. The interviews helped confirm data from the survey on the impact of AT on the physical, mental and social wellbeing of the carers. It helped describe reasons for satisfaction with AT; how AT was used in daily life and strengthened caring relationships and how wider support systems enhanced the care of a person with dementia using AT. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the use of AT in the real-world context. AT supplements the care provided to a person with dementia in the community. Appropriate use, access to AT and abilities of the carer can enhance the support provided through AT to both carers and the person with dementia.
Admission D-dimer to Lymphocyte counts ratio as a novel biomarker for predicting the in-hospital mortality in patients with acute aortic dissection
Authors: xu yansong , liang silei , liang zheng , luo yihuan
Published: March 2022

Background Inflammatory factor is a well-established indictor for vascular disease but D-dimer to Lymphocyte count ratio (DLR) is not measured in routine clinical care. Screening of DLR in individuals may identify individuals at in-hopital mortality of acute aortic dissection(AD).Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 2013 to 2020 was conducted to identify which factors were related to in-hospital mortality risk. Baseline clinical features, cardiovascular risk factors, and laboratory parameters were obtained from the hospital database. The end point was in-hospital mortality. Forward conditional logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for in-hospital death. Cut-off value of DLR should be ideally calculated by Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results The in-hospital mortality rate was 15% (48 of 320 patients). Patients with in-hospital mortality had higher admission mean DLR level than the alive group (1740 vs. 1010, P < .05). The cutoff point of DLR was 907. The in-hospital mortality rate in high level DLR group was significantly higher than that in low level DLR group (P < .05). Univariate analysis showed that 8 of 38 factors were associated with in-hospital mortality (P<.05), including admission WBC, Neutrophil, lymphocyte, neutrophil/lymphocyte（NLR）, Prothrombin time（PT）, Heart rate(HR), D - dimer, DLR. In multivariate analysis, DLR (odds ratio [OR] 2.127, 95% CI 1.034-4.373, P=0.040), HR (odds ratio [OR] 1.016, 95% CI 1.002-1.030, P=0.029) and PT (odds ratio [OR] 1.231, 95% CI 1.018-1.189, P=0.032) were determined as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality (P < .05). Conclusions: Serum DLR level on admission is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with acute AD.
Psychometric properties of the German Version of the Psychological Consequences of Screening Questionnaire (PCQ)
Authors: Fichtner Urs A. , Maun Andy , Farin-Glattacker Erik
Published: March 2022

Background:This study aimed to translate the negative and positive items of the Psychological Consequences Questionnaire (PCQ) into German, to adapt this version to the context of screening for cirrhosis and fibrosis of the liver, and to test its psychometric properties. Methods:The three subscales (physical, emotional, and social) were translated into German using a forward-backward translation method. Furthermore, we adapted the wording to the context of liver diseases. We tested the acceptability, distribution properties, internal consistency, scale structure, and the convergent validity using an analysis sample of 443 patients who were screened for cirrhosis or fibrosis of the liver. Results:We found low non-response and non-unique answer rates on the PCQ items in general. However, positive items had higher non-response rates. All items showed strong floor effects. Cronbach’s alpha was high for both the negative (α=0.95) and the positive PCQ scale (α=0.90), as well as for the total PCQ scale (α=0.90). Confirmatory factor analysis could reproduce the three dimensions that the PCQ intends to measure. However, it suggests not summing up a total PCQ score and instead treat the subscales separately. Convergent validity with the short form of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y-6) was acceptable. Conclusions: Overall, our study results report a successful adaptation of the German PCQ with good performance in terms of acceptability, internal consistency, scale structure, and convergent validity. Floor-effects limit the content validity of the PCQ, which needs to be addressed in future research. However, the German version of the PCQ is a useful measurement for both negative and positive screening consequences, even in a non-cancer setting.
The Effect Of Educational Support Intervention For Infant Care On The Growth Rates Of Infants, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy And Quality Of Life Of Their Mothers And Sharing The Experiences Of Peer Groups: Study Protocol
Authors: Okhovat Forogh , Okhovat Shirin , Karimiankakolaki Zohreh , Yoshani Nooshin
Published: March 2022

Background: Mother's knowledge of how to deal properly with the infant's problems and provide the necessary care can increase the mother's confidence in providing care for her infant and eliminate misconceptions in primiparous mothers. The present study was conducted to the effect of educational support intervention for infant care on the growth rates of infants, breastfeeding self-efficacy and quality of life of their mothers and sharing the experiences of peer groups.Methods: This quasi-experimental study is an educational support intervention protocol for infant care which will be conducted in two phases. The educational support program will be designed in the first phase. The program includes educational sessions on breastfeeding, growth and development of infants and care for children under two years of age in a virtual group where a physician, a nurse, a midwife and a healthcare provider are also present. Using the opinions of the experts, the peer group will discuss various points and the research team will finalize the program based on priorities. The second phase of the educational intervention will be conducted experimentally as a pretest-posttest design for the intervention and control groups.Discussion: The present study provides useful data about the effect of educational support intervention for infant care and the sharing peer group experiences on infants' growth rates, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and quality of life of their mothers. the current educational package not only combines virtual education and peer experiences in strengthening the education of mothers, but also it can improve mothers' physical and mental health and reduce medical costs by using telephone follow-up in supporting the mothers of infants.Trial registration: Registration of this randomized control trial has been completed with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT20210913052457N1, registered 9/10/2021, https://www.irct.ir/trial/59093
Establishment and spread of the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Greece: based on contributions from citizen scientists
Authors: Angelidou Ioanna , Demetriou Jakovos , Christou Maria , Koutsoukos Evangelos , Kazilas Christos , Georgiades Pantelis , Kalaentzis Konstantinos , Kontodimas Dimitris , Groom Quentin , Roy Helen E , Martinou Angeliki F
Published: March 2022

Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773), also known as the harlequin ladybird, is an invasive alien species intentionally introduced to many countries as a biological control agent of agricultural pests. In Greece, H. axyridis was first introduced as a biological control agent in 1994, with releases taking place between 1994 and 2000. For many years there was no evidence to indicate that H. axyridis had established self-sustaining populations. Following introduction to Greece in 2008, a recording scheme was launched but unfortunately failed to yield results and was discontinued meanwhile several online platforms have become available. Our study examines records from iΝaturalist and other databases, such as Alientoma and social media demonstrating that H. axyridis has been established in Greece since 2010. The distribution, phenology and presence of H. axyridis in different habitat types and protected areas are investigated, using both citizen science data and literature records. H. axyridis is present in 13 administrative districts of Greece, most of them in considerable distance from the initial release sites, and mainly inhabits urban and agricultural habitats as well as 17 NATURA 2000 sites. The adverse socioeconomic and environmental impacts of H. axyridis are briefly discussed alongside suggestions for action. Based on our findings, we propose the establishment of a national monitoring scheme for H. axyridis and native ladybirds, encouraging public participation in recording ladybird observations that will provide information on the distribution, spread and impact of this invasive alien species.
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: Impact on Survival in Patients With Covid-19
Authors: Fonseca-González Gandhi , Alamilla-Sánchez Mario , García-Macas Vanessa , Herrera-Acevedo José , Villalobos-Brito Mauricio , Tapia-Rangel Edgar , Maldonado-Tapia Diana , López-Mendoza Mónica , Cano-Cervantes José Horacio , Orozco-Vázquez Julita , Timarán-Montenegro David , Cortés-Martínez Silvia , Escarela-Serrano Maricela , Muñoz-López Sandra , Montiel-López Luis , Mondragón-Terán Paul , Suárez-Cuenca Juan Antonio
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND. Five percent of cases of COVID-19 will develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and cytokine storm syndrome, which are leading causes of death in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Plasma exchange therapy (PLEX) effectively removes pro-inflammatory factors, modulating and restoring innate and adaptive immune responses. This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the impact of PLEX on the survival of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 and the effect on the cytokine release syndrome. METHODS. Hospitalized patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection and cytokine storm syndrome were selected to receive 2 sessions of PLEX or standard therapy. Primary outcome was all-cause 60-days mortality; secondary outcome was requirement of mechanical ventilation, SOFA, NEWs-2 scores modification, reduction of pro-inflammatory biomarkers and hospitalization time. RESULTS. Twenty patients received PLEX were compared against 40 patients receiving standard therapy. PLEX reduced 60-days mortality (50% vs 20%; OR 0.25, 95%CI 0.071 - 0.880; p = 0.029), and this effect was independent from demographic variables and drug therapies used. PLEX significantly decreased SOFA, NEWs-2, pro-inflammatory mediators and increased lymphocyte count, accompanied with a trend to reduce affected lung volume, without effect on SatO2/FiO2 indicator or mechanical ventilation requirement.CONCLUSIONS. PLEX therapy provided significant benefits of pro-inflammatory clearance and reduction of 60-days mortality in selected patients with COVID-19, without significant adverse events.
HCA587/MAGE-C2 protein formulated with CFA and CpG elicits potent immune responses and antitumor effects in mice
Authors: Jiao Wei , Chen Huiyuan , Zhang Lijie , Yang Weiming , Yin Yanhui , Chen Juanjuan
Published: March 2022

Background
HCA587/MAGE-C2 is a cancer-testis (CT) antigen, which is expressed in immunoprivileged germ-line regions and many kinds of tumor tissues. In the present study, we developed a novel recombinant HCA587 protein vaccine with Freund’s adjuvants and CpG as adjuvant. The objective is to survey its ability inducing antigen specific immune response and antitumor activity in mice model.
Methods
The levels of cellular and humoral immune responses induced by different regimens were compared by IFN-γ ELISpot and Ab ELISA, as well as by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) analysis in different vaccination strategies. The tumor volume was measured and the survival curve was evaluated by log-rank test.
Results
After the comparison of different strategies, HCA587 protein with CFA and 50µg CpG elicited strongest specific IFN-γ-secreting splenocytes and anti-HCA587 antibody. And this vaccine combination induced highest IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells by ICS analysis. When the B16-HCA587 tumor-bearing mice were inoculated with the HCA587 protein vaccine combined with CFA and CpG, the tumor growth was retarded significantly with no change of survival time.
Conclusion
Our data indicates that HCA587 protein formulated with CFA and 50µg CpG elicits potent cellular and humoral immune responses and partial antitumor effect in mice model. This provides new experimental data for the preclinical research of HCA587 protein vaccine.
The Relationship Between Surgical Loupes Usage, Workplace Ergonomics, and Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Saudi Ophthalmologists
Authors: AlOqab Aysha , AlTurkistany Walaa , Ali Hala M Nassim
Published: March 2022

Objective: Evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of surgical loupes among ophthalmologists and determine the relationship between this tool and musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: An anonymous, internet-based survey via Google forms was distributed among ophthalmologists (trainees and consultants) working in Saudi Arabia between December 2020 and January 2021. Results: 93 surveys were completed, and 82% reported pain with operating during the past 12 months. Neck pain was reported in 87%, shoulder pain 81%, and lower back pain 73%. 68% chose to rest without seeking professional care. 47% of participants exercise regularly. 69% attributed the pain to “bending or twisting your neck.” 55% of surgeons owned loupes, only a third used loupes regularly. 40% indicated limited field of vision as the main limitation. Chi-Squared analysis showed that musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is a risk among all ophthalmic surgeons. It was more prevalent among surgeons with longer experience. Higher rates of pain noted with increased surgical volume and prolonged operating time. Additionally, more frequent loupe use was associated with an increased prevalence of pain. None were found to be statistically significant. Finally, the activity level was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of pain (P = 0.028). Conclusion: We established that the majority of participants experienced occupational MSK pain. Most participants owned loupes. Only a third used loupes regularly. This is most likely due to prolonged operating time, static positioning, and neck flexion, producing the “head forward” posture. Young ophthalmologists should be encouraged to apply ergonomic principles to safeguard against future MSK injuries.
Is selective hip dislocation screening at the age of 4 months sufficient?
Authors: Matsubayashi Shohei , Matsuzaki Hiroki , Tsujimoto Ritsu , Osaki Makoto
Published: March 2022

Background This study aimed to investigate whether performing selective hip dislocation screening at the age of 4 months would result in refractory or overlooked cases.MethodsThe study included 526 hips of 263 infants were screened for hip dislocation at a primary health check-up, and then visited our department for secondary health check-ups for hip dislocation. Ultrasonography was performed at the initial visit and 3 months later. X-rays were performed at the age of 1 year, and the proportion of patients with an acetabular index of ≥30° were evaluated.ResultsThe mean age at the initial visit was 4.6 months. The percentage of patients diagnosed with developmental dysplasia of the hip was 4.9%. There were no refractory cases. Moreover, none of the patients with Graf classification Type I at the initial visit worsened to ≥Grade II after 3 months. The acetabular index was ≥30° in 35 of the 402 hips (8.7%) at the age of 1 year.ConclusionPerforming selective hip dislocation screening at the age of 4 months did not lead to any refractory cases or delayed diagnoses.
Improved Hole Repairing Method Based on Wavefront Method
Authors: Huang Jing , Li Weicong , Ye Mengjie
Published: March 2022

Due to the emergence of 3D scanning technology, in the process of acquiring spatial information of the model, incomplete data often results in the loss of model data, which leads to holes in the acquired digital model. The defective model affects the appearance of the model. What’s more, it will cause a lot of inconvenience to the subsequent researches and treatments. With regard to the problems existing in the hole repairing of 3D scanning model, a hole repairing method based on the improved wavefront method is proposed in the paper. After the initial mesh is formed by virtue of the wavefront method, the curvature can be repaired and the triangle patch can be rotated to a reasonable position. The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively and quickly generate high-quality closed meshes in the corresponding hole types. Besides, it can accurately restore the geometric features of the hole area while retaining the original information of the model. The algorithm of the paper can be applied in the fields of reverse engineering, archaeology, digital heritage, medical visualization, 3D reconstruction, etc.
Rupturing Aromaticity by Periphery Overcrowding
Authors: Saha Promeet , Mallick Abhijit , Turley Andrew , Bismillah Aisha , Danos Andrew , Monkman Andrew , Avestro Alyssa-Jennifer , Yufit Dmitry , McGonigal Paul
Published: March 2022

The balance between strain relief and aromatic stabilization dictates the form and function of nonplanar π-aromatics. Overcrowded systems undergo geometric deformations, but the energetically favourable π-electron delocalization of their aromatic ring(s) is typically preserved. Here, we use peripheral overcrowding to increment the strain energy of an aromatic system beyond its aromatic stabilization energy, causing the ring system to rearrange and aromaticity to be ruptured. Firstly, increasing steric bulk around the periphery of π-extended tropylium ring systems leads them to deviate from planarity. We observe contorted conformations with end-to-end twists of up to 45.2°. Aromatic stabilization and strain energies are closely matched at this critical point. Upon further increasing the strain, the aromatic π-electron delocalization of the system is broken—the aromatic tropylium ring rearranges to a nonaromatic, bicyclic analogue, ‘Dewar tropylium’. Remarkably, by counterbalancing strain against aromatic stabilization energy, we observe that these aromatic and nonaromatic isomers can exist in equilibrium with one another. Dynamic NMR measurements reveal that the isomers interconvert rapidly. This investigation of the antagonistic relationship between aromaticity and strain provides direct experimental insights into the fundamental nature of aromaticity and demarcates the extent of steric deformation tolerated by an aromatic carbocycle.
The effects of asymmetric sitting postures on the trapezius and erector spinae during a computer mouse task in sedentary people
Authors: Shih Chih-Wen , Chiu Hsiao-Ping , Liu Chien-Hsiou
Published: March 2022

Background
Although a neutral sitting posture is recommended to avoid potentially musculoskeletal discomfort, many asymmetric sitting postures are still adopted during a computer mouse task in sedentary people. The computer mouse task is also an asymmetric upper extremity task. Both asymmetric sitting posture and asymmetric upper extremity task have detrimental effects for long-term sedentary people.
Objectives
To determine how personal characteristics (gender, age, BMI) influenced sedentary people, to investigate the effects of asymmetric sitting postures on muscular activity of trapezius and erector spinae, and to evaluate the differences in the right and left muscular activities during a computer mouse task in sedentary people.
Methods
A 3x3x2 (Backrest conditions x Lower extremity conditions x Right-left difference of examined muscles) repeated-measured experiment was design. The activities of four muscles (the trapezius and erector spinae on both sides) were collected by surface electromyography. Sixty sedentary people were recruited and randomly assigned sitting postures. All of them were right handed, and the right side was task side.
Results
For the personal characteristics, the female group in Gender variable and the underweight groups in BMI variable appeared lower EMG activity in trapezius. The 20–29 and forty-and-over groups in Age variable and healthy group in BMI variable appeared higher EMG activity in erector spinae. The trapezius activity was lower in the left cross-legged sitting posture than in the symmetric sitting posture. The erector spinae activity was higher in the right side than in the left side in both the left and the right cross-legged sitting postures.
Conclusion
The compensation mechanism of lower back regions was found in asymmetric sitting postures, although the muscle activity of neck/shoulders regions decreased in the non-task side cross-legged sitting postures. The present study suggests that asymmetric sitting postures are not appropriate options for sedentary people during the operation of a computer mouse.
Differential expression of Ago2-mediated microRNA signaling in adipose tissue is associated with food induced obesity
Authors: Yan Xin , Zhang Hansi , Qiao Liang , Liu Xiaoxuan , Han Xiaojing , Kang Jing , Liu Yanli , Lin Juntang
Published: March 2022

Adipose tissue is a major component for the regulation of energy homeostasis by storage and release of lipids. As a core element of RNA-induced silencing complex, Ago2 plays critical role in maintenance of systemic metabolic demand. Here we show that high-fat diet feeding mice exhibited an increase in body mass alongside systematic insulin resistance and altered rate of energy expenditure. Interestingly, Ago2 expression is associated with obesity and increased in adipose tissues. Moreover, increase of Ago2 inhibited the expression of AMPKα by promoting its targeting by miR-148a, the most abundant microRNA in the adipose tissues. Those results suggested that Ago2-miR-148a-AMPKα signaling pathway play an important function in the developing obesity and adiposity and will further provide basic research data for the potential clinic treatment of obesity.
Clinical and economic value of oral nutrition supplements in cancer patients: a position paper from the Survivorship Care and Nutritional Support Working Group of Alliance Against Cancer.
Authors: Caccialanza Riccardo , Laviano Alessandro , Bosetti Cristina , Nardi Mariateresa , Casalone Valentina , Titta Lucilla , Mele Roberto , De Pergola Giovanni , De Lorenzo Francesco , Pedrazzoli Paolo , Cancer Survivorship Care and Nutritional Support Working Alliance A
Published: March 2022

Malnutrition is a common clinical and public health problem that can frequently affect subjects in hospital and community settings. In particular, cancer-related malnutrition results from a combination of metabolic dysregulation and anorexia, caused both by the tumor itself and by its treatment. Patients with head-neck cancer, or with gastroesophageal, pancreatic, lung and colorectal cancer, are particularly at risk of developing malnutrition, with a prevalence varying between 30% and 50% since the early disease phases, according to the tumor location and anti-cancer treatment complications. Prevention and adequate management of malnutrition is now considered an essential key point of therapeutic pathways of cancer patients, with the aim to enhance their quality of life, reduce complications and improve clinical outcomes. Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are part of the nutritional therapy and represent an effective tool to deal with cancer-related malnutrition, as supported by growing literature data. However, patients’ access to ONS - which is regulated by different national and regional policies in terms of reimbursement - is quite heterogeneous. This narrative review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the role of ONS in terms of cost-effectiveness in the management of actively treated cancer patients, following surgery and/or radiotherapy/chemotherapy treatment and to present the position on this issue of Alliance Against Cancer, the Italian National Oncology Network.
Rapid gene content turnover on the germline-restricted chromosome in songbirds
Authors: Schlebusch Stephen , Rídl Jakub , Poignet Manon , Ruiz-Ruano Francisco , Reif Jiri , Pačes Jan , Albrecht Tomas , Suh Alexander , Reifová Radka
Published: March 2022

The germline-restricted chromosome (GRC) of songbirds represents an extraordinary and taxonomically widespread example of programmed DNA elimination. Despite its apparent indispensability in songbirds, we still know very little about the GRC’s genetic composition, function, and evolutionary significance. Here we assembled the GRC in two closely related species, the common and thrush nightingale. We identified 585 and 406 genes on the GRC of each species, respectively, many of them present in multiple copies. Interestingly, the GRC gene content differed dramatically between the two species, with only 192 genes being shared despite only 1.8 million years of species divergence. The chromosome appears to be under little selective pressure, with most GRC genes being present in pseudogenized fragments. Only one gene, cpeb1, had a complete coding region in all examined individuals of the two species and showed no copy number variation. The addition of this gene to the GRC corresponds with the earliest estimates of the GRC origin, making it a good candidate for the functional indispensability of the GRC in songbirds.
Migration of the Antarctic Polar Front over the last glacial cycle
Authors: Thöle Lena , Ai Xuyuan , Auderset Alexandra , Schmitt Mareike , Moretti Simone , Studer Anja , Michel Elisabeth , Wegmann Martin , Mazaud Alain , Bijl Peter , Sigman Daniel , Martinez-Garcia Alfredo , Jaccard Samuel L.
Published: March 2022

The Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds (SWW) drive upwelling south of the Antarctic Polar Front (PF) that vents CO2 to the atmosphere. During the ice ages, a northward (equatorward) shift of the PF may have reduced this CO2 venting, helping to explain the lower atmospheric CO2 concentration of those times. However, evidence of PF migration is lacking. Here, we report biomarker–based sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions from two marine sediment cores at different latitudes in the Southern Indian Ocean across the last glacial cycle. Using a quantitative framework for the effect of the PF on meridional SST gradient, we show that the PF underwent an equatorward shift during the ice ages. The PF latitude reconstruction, when compared with other data, also suggests a role for Earth’s axial tilt in the strength and latitude range of SWW-driven upwelling, which may explain previously noted deviations in atmospheric CO2 from a simple correlation with Antarctic climate.
Implementing Exercise = Medicine in routine clinical care; Needs for an online tool and key decisions in Exercise = Medicine prescription within two Dutch academic hospitals.
Authors: Bouma Adrie , Nassau Femke Van , Nauta Joske , Krops Leonie , Ploeg Hidde Van der , Verhagen Evert , Woude Lucas Van der , Keeken Helco Van , Dekker Rienk , consortium PIE=M
Published: March 2022

Background: There is much evidence to implement physical activity interventions for medical reasons in healthcare settings. However, the prescription of physical activity as a treatment, referring to as ‘Exercise is medicine’ (E=M) is currently mostly absent in routine hospital care in The Netherlands. To support E=M prescription by clinicians in hospitals, this study aimed: (1) to develop an E=M-tool for tailored physical activity advice and referrals to facilitate the E=M prescription in hospital settings; and (2) to provide an E=M decision guide on key decisions to prepare for E=M prescription in hospital care.Methods: A mixed method design was used employing a questionnaire and face-to-face interviews with clinicians, lifestyle coaches and hospital managers, a patient panel and stakeholders to assess the needs regarding an E=M-tool and key decisions in the implementation of an E=M-tool. Based on the needs assessment, a digital E=M-tool was developed. The key decisions informed the development of an E=M decision guide. Results: An online supportive tool for E=M was developed for two hospitals. Based on the needs assessment, two slightly different versions of an E=M-tool were developed, linked to the different patients’ electronic medical records and tailored to the two local settings (University Medical Centre Groningen, Amsterdam University Medical Centres). The E=M-tool existed of a tool algorithm, including patient characteristics assessed with a digital questionnaire (age, gender, PA, BMI, medical diagnosis, motivation to change physical activity, and preference to discuss physical activity with their doctor) set against norm values. The digital E=M-tool provided an individual tailored E=M-prescription for patients and referral options to local PA experts in- and outside the hospital. An E=M decision guide was developed to support the implementation of E=M prescription in hospital care. Conclusions: This study provided insight into E=M-tool development and the E=M decision-making to support E=M prescription and facilitate tailoring towards local E=M treatment options, using strong stakeholder participation. Outcomes may serve as an example for other decision support guides and interventions aimed at E=M implementation.
Antibiotic and Metal Resistance of Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Isolates from Eboling permafrost of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: zhang shuhong , yang guangli , Jiang Yali
Published: March 2022

There is a growing concern about antibiotic and metal resistance in natural and clinical settings. This study examined antibiotic and metal resistance for ancient Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from permafrost. Whole-genome sequencing was applied to examine antibiotic resisrance genes and metal resistance genes. The permafrost S. maltophilia exhibited resistance to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and erythromycin, which is consistent with the presence of multidrug efflux pump smeDEF. The absence of qnrB, qnrR, oqxB, and smrA is consistent with its sensitivity for tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. Also, the absence of bcrABC is consistent with the strain’s sensitivity to bacitracin. The strain also showed metal resistance to Zn2+, Cu2+, Cr6+, Hg2+, which is consistent with the presence of czcABCD, cueR and copA, chrR, merT, and merD. The strain showed worse resistance (lower MICs) to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and 4 metals Zn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Cr6+, compared with clinical S. maltophilia; the former strain belongs to the lower ARG and MRG gene clusters compared to latter one. Among 12 genomic islands (GIs) in the permafrost strain, 5 contained resistance genes, with only one kind of ARG or MRG, while S. maltophilia from other environments exhibited a minimum of 2 kinds of resistance gene clustering on a single GI. This study demonstrates that continuous exposure to the clinical environment can create a selective pressure on bacteria inducing resistance to antibiotics and metals, involving more ARGs and MRGs via horizontal gene transfer route.
High resolution structures of the SARS-CoV-2 N7-methyltransferase inform therapeutic development
Authors: Aggarwal Aneel , Kottur Jithesh
Published: March 2022

Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has led to millions of deaths globally. We present three high-resolution crystal structures of the SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 N7-methyltransferase core bound to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM; 1.62Å), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH; 1.55Å) and Sinefungin (SFG; 1.41Å). We identify features of the methyltransferase core that are crucial for the development of antivirals and show SAH as the best scaffold for the design of antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogenic coronaviruses.
RinasciMENTE. An Internet-Based Self-Help Intervention to Cope With Psychological Distress Due to COVID-19: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bertuzzi Vanessa , Semonella Michelle , Andersson Gerhard , Manzoni Gian Mauro , Castelnuovo Gianluca , Molinari Enrico , Pietrabissa Giada
Published: March 2022

Background This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the RinasciMENTE program, an Internet-based self-help intervention based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) principles and techniques in supporting individuals experiencing psychological impairments during the COVID-19 pandemic. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) design with random allocation at the level of individual will be conducted to compare the impact of the RinasciMENTE program with a waiting list control in improving the psychological functioning of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A minimum sample of 128 participants experiencing mild/subthreshold levels of psychological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic will be recruited. After the initial screening, participants will be randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control condition. The program will last 2 months, during which participants will receive 8 weekly CBT treatment modules. The impact of the RinasciMENTE program on selected primary and secondary psychological outcomes will be tested at the end of the intervention (2 months), 6- and 12-month follow-up. Discussion We expect people to show an increased level of psychological functioning, and to acquire the skills and self-confidence necessary to deal with the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak and its related social isolation during and following the pandemic.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0497903 Registered on 28 May 2021.
Effect of Conventional and Household Water Treatment Technologies on Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water, Southwestern, Ethiopia
Authors: Jemal Temima , Astatke Higemengist , Terfe Amare , Mekonen Seblework
Published: March 2022

Water resources have been contaminated by pesticides due to the different activities of human beings. From different studies advanced water treatment systems can eliminate these chemical pesticides while conventional and household treatment technologies are not well studied. The main aim of the present study is to determine the effect of conventional and household water treatment technologies on pesticides residue in drinking water. Water samples were collected from Gibe River (intake point) for Jimma conventional water treatment plant, from each treatment process, and from distribution system. To determine the effect of household water treatment process (solar disinfection and boiling) pesticides were spiked into distilled water then passed through solar disinfection (SODIS) and boiling. The extraction of samples was conducted by following low density based dispersive liquid-liquid micro extraction procedure. The result of the study revealed that almost all studied pesticides (p´p-DDD, p´p-DDE, p´p-DDT, γ-Chlordane, dimethachlor, lindane, heptachlor, cypermethrin and deltamethrin) except o´p-DDT were detected in water samples. The percent reduction of pesticide residue after post chlorination by conventional water treatment ranges from 11.7% (p´p-DDD) to 97.29% (Dimethachlor) and percent reduction of pesticide residue by SODIS and boiling ranges from 2.31% (o´p-DDT) to 54.45% (Cypermethrin) and 27.13% (γ-Chlordane) to 38.9%(p´p-DDE) respectively. This indicates the treatment technologies are important for the reduction of pesticides in water. Treatment technologies improvement is necessary to allow further removal of pesticides.
Could environmental regulations improve the quality of export products? Evidence from China’s implementation of a pollution tax
Authors: Kuang Haoyu , Xiong Yunjun
Published: March 2022

This study investigates the effect of pollution tax on the quality of export products. As the main environmental regulations for the government to protect the environment, pollution tax have greatly influenced the production behaviour of enterprises. Based on the data of China’s pollution tax implementation and industrial enterprise-pollution panel data, we find that the pollution tax have significantly improved the quality of export products, and this conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests. Further analysis shows that the increase in the quality of export products originating from the regulated areas could be attributed to enterprise innovation and an increase in the input of intermediate products. The results in this study provide evidence that the central government’s environmental policy can realize the double dividend of economic development and environmental protection.JEL Classification: O13, Q56, K23
Factors Related To Help-Seeking For Cancer Medical Care Among People Living In Rural Areas: A Scoping Review
Authors: Oshiro Mariko , Kamizato Midori , Jahana Sayuri
Published: March 2022

Background: People residing in rural areas have lower cancer survival rates than those living in urban areas. Nonetheless, few studies have focused on help-seeking among patients residing in rural areas. We aimed to identify the factors associated with help-seeking for cancer treatment in rural areas. Methods: This scoping review involved the collection of data from three databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL). Data were extracted according to factors related to help-seeking from studies published in English that (1) targeted adults living in rural areas and (2) focused on cancer-related help-seeking. The exclusion criteria were: (1) samples with children; (2) evaluated interventions effects of related help-seeking; and (3) discussed special tests, such as genetic testing. These factors were classified into four categories according to the ecological models of health behavior as follows: intra-personal; inter-personal; groups, cultures, and organizations; and policy/environment.Results: Thirteen papers were examined, wherein the barriers to help-seeking were identified : ten factors from the “intra-personal” category, including difficult economic circumstances; four factors from the “inter-personal” category, such as lack of understanding from family members; four factors from the “groups, cultures, and organizations” category, such as prejudice and social stigma, shame, lack of anonymity, and social norms; and three factors from the “policy/environment” category, such as lack of medical resources. Presentation of symptoms and understanding from surrounding people were identified as facilitators of help-seeking.Conclusions: The barrier and facilitator factors were identified, such as understanding the people, self-reliance, fatalistic views, lack of anonymity, social norms, lack of medical resources, etc. Future studies should consider interventions to promote help-seeking, which must involve Intrapersonal and Interpersonal and rural community groups, culture, and organizations of each rural area.
Pumpkin Peel Valorization Using Green Extraction Technology to Obtain β-Carotene Fortified Mayonnaise
Authors: GUNGOR Keziban Kubra , Torun Mehmet
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to recover β-carotene from peels produced as a by-product during the industrial processing of pumpkins using a high-efficiency technology that produces no waste and is harmless to the environment. β-Carotene extraction from pumpkin peel was carried out by maceration and ultrasound-assisted technique, with sunflower oil instead of n-hexane as an environment-friendly solvent. Influence of the lecithin:PGPR (polyglycerol polyricinoleate) ratio was studied for microemulsion solvent method on β-carotene extraction. Response Surface Methodoloy was used to optimize the parameters of each performed treatment. The produced sunflower oil was utilized to prepare mayonnaise. Sensory flavor of the product, as well as the change in color and peroxide characteristics after rapid storage were also determined. Under optimal conditions, maceration with sunflower oil, maceration with n-hexane, ultrasound-assisted, and microemulsion solvent methods, extracted β-carotene levels were 99.83, 125.75, 127.93, and 149.71 mg/100 g DM, respectively. Most efficient β-carotene extraction was obtained utilizing a microemulsion system with 0.098% lecithin and 1.902% PGPR as the solvent. Mayonnaise made with β-carotene-rich sunflower oil was well received in terms of sensory quality, with no negative changes in the product's unique features. β-Carotene enhanced mayonnaise was more resistant to oxidation during storage than the control mayonnaise as shown by the results of color and peroxide values.
The Recognition of Oceanic Kelvin Waves According to Westerly Wind Bursts
Authors: Shi Yunhao , Su Jingzhi , Wang Qiguang
Published: March 2022

Based on the criteria of oceanic Kelvin wave events in the equatorial Pacific on the pentad-monthly timescale, this study analyzed the optimal statistical relationship between westerly wind bursts (WWBs) and oceanic Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific through lead-lag analysis. Under the influence of sustained westerly wind anomaly (WWA) (60-day mean), it can effectively cause the positive sea temperature anomaly (60-day mean) in the upper equatorial Pacific Ocean after 20 days. However, under the influence of continuous easterly wind anomaly (EWA) (30-day mean), the negative sea temperature anomaly (30-day mean) in the upper ocean can be effectively caused after 30 days. In addition, WWBs near the international dateline (150 °E-170 °W) corresponds well to the 20°C isotherm depth anomaly in the equatorial Mid-Eastern Pacific (160 °W-100 °W). WWAs in the western Pacific (west to 170 °E) can lead to thermocline change at 150°W and stimulate the propagation of the Kelvin wave eastward to the equatorial eastern Pacific from March to August. During the mature period of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (September to February in the following year), Bjerknes positive feedback is formed near the international dateline with the coupling effect of WWBs, sea surface temperature (SST) and thermocline in the equatorial Eastern Pacific. The contemporaneous correlation reaches peak between the WWA in the equatorial western Pacific (near 170 °E) and the 20°C isotherm depth anomaly in the equatorial eastern Pacific (near 110 °W).
Emergence of zero-field non-synthetic single and catenated antiferromagnetic skyrmions in thin films
Authors: Aldarawsheh Amal , Fernandes Imara Lima , Brinker Sascha , Sallermann Moritz , Abusaa Muayad , Blügel Stefan , Lounis Samir
Published: March 2022

Antiferromagnetic (AFM) skyrmions are envisioned as ideal localized topological magnetic bits in future information technologies. In contrast to ferromagnetic (FM) skyrmions, they are immune to the skyrmion Hall effect [1,2], might offer potential terahertz dynamics [3,4] while being insensitive to external magnetic fields and dipolar interactions. Although observed in synthetic AFM structures [5] and as complex meronic textures in intrinsic AFM bulk materials [6,7], their realization in non-synthetic AFM films, of crucial importance in racetrack concepts, has been elusive. Here, we unveil their presence in a row-wise AFM Cr film deposited on PdFe bilayer grown on fcc Ir(111) surface. Using first principles, we demonstrate the emergence of single and strikingly interpenetrating catenated AFM skyrmions, which can co-exist with the rich inhomogeneous exchange field, including that of FM skyrmions, hosted by PdFe. Besides the identification of an ideal platform of materials for intrinsic AFM skyrmions, we anticipate the uncovered knotted solitons to be promising building blocks in AFM spintronics.
Interaction of Microswimmers in Viscoelastic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Chi Hai , Gavrikov Alexander , Berlyand Leonid , Aronson Igor
Published: March 2022

Swimming bacteria successfully colonize complex non-Newtonian environments exemplified by viscoelastic media and even liquid crystals. While there is a significant body of research on microswimmer motility in viscoelastic liquids, the field still lacks clarity. This paper studies how individual microswimmers (e.g., bacteria) interact in a mucus-like environment modeled by a visco-elastic liquid crystal. We have found that an individual swimmer moves faster along the same track after the direction reversal, in faithful agreement with the experiment. This behavior is attributed to the formation of the transient tunnel due to the visco-elastic medium memory. We observed that the aft swimmer has a higher velocity for two swimmers along the same track and catches up with the leading swimmer. Multiple swimmers launched at different angles form a “train”: after some transient, the following swimmers repeat the path of the “leader”. Our results shed light on bacteria penetration in mucus and colonization of heterogeneous liquid environments.