bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Keragaman Jenis Jamur Endofit pada Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amarylifolius) dan Aktivitas Antijamur Metabolit yang Diproduksinya
Authors: Jamal Yuliasri , Ilyas Muhamad , Kanti Atit , Agusta Andria
Published: February 2022

The whole nine isolates of endophytic fungi have been obtained from leaves and roots of pandan wangi (Pandanus amarylifolius) collected from Bogor Botanical Garden. Identification of the fungi isolates were conducted based on their morphological characteristics, and revealed that one fungus belongs to the genus of Fusarium, one of Dreschlera, and 7 fungi isolates belong to Coelomycetes. The ethyl acetate extract of the fungi cultures in PDB and GYP media showed a diverse secondary metabolite profiles. Ethyl acetate extract derived from the culture of PWA-2 fungus in GYP medium showed an antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but not to Fusarium oxysporum and Candida tropicalis. The GC-MS analysis of the active extract showed eugenol as an active component.
Penurunan Glukosa dan Perubahan Profil Lipida Serum Tikus Sprague- Dawley Hiperglikemia-Hiperkolesterolemia Akibat Asupan Sorbitol-Oleat Poliester (SOPE)
Authors: Murdiati Agnes , Wuryastuty Hastari , Marsono Y. , Harmayani Eni
Published: February 2022

Disorder of carbohydrate metabolism in the Diabetes Mellitus patients resulted in increasing of cholesterol synthesis. This condition increases the risk of heart attack or coronary heart disease, therefore it is recommended to lower fat intake. One of the alternatif to lower fat intake is by replacing fat with fat replacer in the diet. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of replacing 75% of fat with SOPE on the glucose and lipid profile in diabetic-hipercholesterolemic rats. Eihgteen Sprague Dawley rats were devided into 2 groups of 9 rats. They were fed with hipercholesterol diet and were diabetic induced with alloxan IM injection. One group was fed with 75% SOPE substitute the fat in the standard diet and the other group was fed with standard diet. The result indicates that the oil substitution of standard diet of Sprague Dawley rats for sorbitol-oleic polyester as much as 75% gives an advantage to rats which suffer hiperglikemic-hypercholesterolemic because it decreased the glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio, and did not decrease the HDL cholesterol, but increased triglyceride serum.
Expression and Characterization of Recombinant Protein of J-SU pGEX either by Single or Double Cell Lysis
Authors: Margawati Endang Tri , Ridwan Muhamad
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk optimasi produk protein rekombinan Superficial Unit dari virus Jembrana (JSU) yang dieksperikan melalui pemecahan sel secara tunggal dan ganda dengan sistem pGEX dalam skala flask 100ml media kultur. Dua metode pemecahan sel yang digunakan yaitu Freeze and Thaw (FT) sebagai pemecahan tunggal dan gabungan FT dan Sonikasi sebagai pemecahan ganda. Sel inang (E. Coli pembawa konstruk JSU pGEX) ditumbuhkan dengan induksi IPTG pada 37oC dengan pengocok berkecepatan 200rpm sampai mencapai kepadatan sel 0,8. Sel atau pelet dikoleksi dengan sentrifugasi, pelet dipecah dengan 2 perlakuan pemecahan sel tunggal dan ganda. Hasil pemecahan sel disentrifugasi untuk dikoleksi peletnya sebagai inclusion body. Solubilisasi dilakukan terhadap inclusion body dengan solubilisasi buffer dan diperoleh substrat protein JSU kemudian dimurnikan melalui Gluthation sepharose 4B (500μl resin) dengan metode batch capture. Hasil karakterisasi dengan SDS PAGE dan Western Blotting menunjukkan ukuran protein JSU pGEX yang tepat yaitu 60kDa pada kedua sistem pemecahan sel. Namun demikian, pemecahan sel secara tunggal menghasilkan protein murni JSU pGEX lebih besar (0.812ng/ul) dibanding pemecahan sel secara ganda (0.486ng/ul). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa protein rekombinan JSU pGEX terekspresi lebih baik dengan metode pemecahan sel Freeze and Thaw.
Analisis Ekspresi Gen Selenometil Transferase pada Isolat Bakteri Termofilik Geobacillus 20K dan Thermomicrobium 14Ka sebagai Sumber Selenoprotein
Authors: Triana Evi , Nurhidayat Novik , Rahayu Sri Hartin
Published: February 2022

Selenium is a trace element that has essential nutrition value for human. Besides its nutritional value, it has important health benefits, including being a cancer chemoprotective agent. Methylated form of selenium is the most effective compound against cancer cells. Selenomethyl transferase (SMT) is responsible for methylating of selenium. This enzyme is coded by selenomethyl transferase (smt) gene which was found only from selenium accumulator plant, Astragalus bisulcatus. Thermophilic bacteria Thermomicrobium 14Ka and Geobacillus 20K have ability to accumulate selenium as well and potential in fighting cancer cells. Therefore a study to determine smt gene and its expression in both bacteria had been conducted in order to develop natural product of seleno-metilselenosistein for cancer treatment. The result showed that Thermomicrobium 14Ka and Geobacillus 20K have putative smt (selenomethyl transferase) gene, and such gene was expressed at different intensity. Geobacillus 20k expressed smt gene at higher intensity than Thermomicrobium 14k. Therefore, it is presumable that Geobacillus has a significant role in cancer remedy, meanwhile Thermomicrobium plays an essential role as cancer protective agent.
Uji Patogenisitas Isolat Bakteri Indigenous (Bacillus thuringiensis) terhadap Serangga Hama Kubis (Crocidolomia binotalis Zell)
Authors: Salaki Christina L. , Situmorang Jesmandt , Sembiring Langkah , Handayani Niken
Published: February 2022

Pathogenicity of 34 indigenous B. thuringiensis isolates against C. binotalis were determined. The pathogenicity test was conducted by using leaf dipped method with various spore concentrations. Third instar larvae of C. binotalis were used as insect test. Mortality data of test larvae were used to determine the pathogenicity of the isolates in terms of 72 hours LC50 by using probit analysis. The results of experiments showed YPPA 1. was the most pathogenic isolate, producing 72 hours LC50 = 9.5 x 103 spore.ml-1 with LT50 (1.5 x 107 spore.ml-1) of 24.6 hours while the ACH 2.3 was found to be the least pathogenic isolate with 72 hours LC50 = 2.3 x 106 spore.ml-1 and LT50 (1.5 x 107 spoore.ml-1) of 40.7 hours. The shortest LT50 (1.5 x 107 spore.ml-1 was found to be 18.2 hours produced by TUS.1 with 72 hours LC50 = 3.9 x 105 spore.ml-1 whereas the longest LT50 (1.5 x 107 spore.ml-1) was found tobe 83.2 hours produced by the SLK 4.1 with 72 hours LC50 = 3.1 x 104 spore.ml-1. Therefore, it can be concluded that both YPPA.1 and TUS.1 isolates are potential candidate to be developed for biological control agent.
High Prevalence Level of Avian Malaria in the Wild Population of the Java Sparrow
Authors: Yuda Pramana
Published: February 2022

Java sparrow (Padda oryzativa) is anendemic bird to Java and Bali. It used to be avery common bird, but due to over exploitationthe bird has declined and been classified asVulnerable (BirdLife International, 2001). InIndonesia bird-keeping is a popular pastime,with deep cultural roots (Jepson and Ladle,2005). It is widely assumed that the hobbynegatively affects wild populations of commonas well as threatened birds (Jepson and Ladle,2005; Nash, 1994), such as Java sparrow.
Karakterisasi Kromosom Sel Heterohibrida Dengan Teknik Karyotiping
Authors: Berata I Ketut
Published: February 2022

The aim of the research was to characterize the chromosomal structure of the heterohybride cells by karyotyping technique. Heterohybride cells were made by fusion of Bali cattle lymphocyte cells with mouse myelomma in selective medium which contains hypoxanthin, aminopterin and thymidine. Those cells which showed growth then were identified, selected and isolated for characterizing its chromosomal structure by karyotyping technique. The result showed that all of the chromosomal structure of the heterohybride cells were diploidy. The average of diploidy chromosome of heterohybride cells were 97 diploid Bali cattle lymphocyte cells and myelomma of mouse. The conclusion of the research is the heterohybride cells do not contain abnormal chromosome and are most potent to develop as candidate of Jembrana diseases vaccine.
Pemeliharaan Planaria Dalam Perkembangbiakan Secara Vegetatif
Authors: Surtikanti Hertien Koosbandiah
Published: February 2022

Test organism which is used for bioassay must fulfill some criteria such as: high sensitifity, widely available, wide distribution, biology background, successfully maintained in laboratory, and known history of culture in laboratory. This research has been done to study regeneration (vegetative) process of Planaria under laboratory condition. This is studied because of limited number of planaria population in clean freshwater. In order to study regeneration process, combination of two treatments (water conductivity and division-cutting type) were done to obtain optimum culture of Planaria. Four water conductivity (100, 200, 300 and 400 μS/cm) and four division-cutting types (whole longitudinal, half longitudinal, transversal above pharynx and transversal mid-pharinx) were used. Each individual of Planaria was exposed with those treatments for 10 days (October, 2002). Initial and completed growth were observed. The result showed that, regeneration process of Planaria took 3-6 days to get full growth after transversal cutting (mid-pharynx). Whole summary revelead that Planaria is easy to maintain in laboratory. Therefore, Planaria may be used as an alternative bioindicator in evaluating water pollution.
Komposisi Jenis Herba Pasca Kebakaran di Kalampangan-Kalimantan Tengah sebagai Awal Proses Suksesi Sekunder
Authors: Sadili Asep
Published: February 2022

In the early stage of secondary succession process in 1 year old fost fire Kalampangan feat swamp area it was conducted a study on herbaceous plant species composition. The research found 6 fern species and 1 grass species out of 23 species representing 20 families. The coverage area of herbaceous vegetation was 13.12% or 1.312 m2 per hectare, which indicated relatively low percentage. In terms of relative dominance and frequency, herbaceous plant species in the area study was highly dominated by a terrestrial fern Stenochlaena palustris. Some tree species known as secondary and primary forest constituents such as Macaranga caladifolia (Euphorbiaceae), Dyera lowii (Apocynaceae), Combretocarpus rotundatus (Combretaceae), Cratoxylon arboresncens (Clusiaceae), Garcinia sp. (Clusiaceae) and Ploinarium alterifolium (Theacee) were found at their early growth stage on the forest floor but still in lower abundance compared to other recorded species from the study.
Struktur dan Komposisi Jenis Tegakan Semai dan Pancang di Hutan Alam Akibat Pemanenan Kayu dengan Teknik Reduced Impact Timber Harvesting
Authors: Hanafiah Diana Sofia , Muhdi Muhdi
Published: February 2022

The effect of reduced impact timber harvesting technique to structure and species composition of seedling and poles was studied using the data of three plots each sized 100 m x 100 m, which are placed randomly at landing, middle skiddtrail and tips of skiddtrail, respectively. The aim of the study was to know the effect of reduced impact timber harvesting technique to structure and species composition of seedling and poles in tropical forest. The research showed that the forest harvesting caused the changing of the structure and species composition of seedling and poles in natural tropical forest.
Biotransformasi Pirokatekol Glikosida Menggunakan Kultur Suspensi Sel Solanum mammosum L.
Authors: Soeka Yati Sudaryati , Sulistyo Joko
Published: February 2022

A syntesis of pyrocathecol glucoside was carried out by applying biotransformation cell culture suspension from calus of Solanum mammosum L., on modified medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS). A growth maximum volume at 15,5 ml of cell culture suspension of S. mommosum was achieved on day-8 incubation. The results showed that pyrocathecol glucoside as a bitransformation product that was obtained by application of Pyrocathecol at 50-200 ppm was determined by TLC and identified at Rf value of 0.82−0.83. Futhermore, the biotransformation products were determined by HPLC obtained from the cell culture suspension at concentration of 200 ppm pyrocathecol so that resulted in reaction products based on standard solution. The peaks number 1, 2 and 3 with retention time 2.53 min, 4.62 min and 7.58 min were appropriate to the retention time cellobiose, glucose and methyl α-glucoside, respectively. Peak number 4 with retention time 8.52 min conformed to pyrocathecol-glucobioside as a product of side transfer and peak number 5 with retention time 10.52 min in line with the retention time of arbutin were pyrocathecol-glucoside as a transfer product expected from the result of biotransformation.
Waktu Reproduksi Karang Lunak Sinularia flexibilis Quoy & Gaimard (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) Di Pulau Barrang Lompo, Kepulauan Spermonde, Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Haris Abdul
Published: February 2022

Sinularia flexibilis is a soft coral that has an economical value due to its farmacological substance. The aim of this research was to find out the spawning time and behaviour of Sinularia flexibilis by visual observation in its natural habitat and in hatchery. The result of this research revealed that the reproduction period of the Sinularia flexibilis occurred during May to September in each lunar phase. However, it was found that during a new moon phase, the reproduction activity had the highest percentage of colony for every lunar phase. Spawning behavior of the Sinularia flexibilis was that a bunch of eggs and the sperm were separately spawned from the mouth by fast contraction in a short period of time.
Sistematik Filogenetik Isolat-isolat Kapang Indigenous Indonesia sebagai Entomopatogen Kutu Sisik (Lepidoshapes beckii Newman) Hama Tanaman Jeruk
Authors: Suharjono Suharjono , Marhendra Agung P.W. , Triwiratno Anang , Wuryantini Susi , R Lina Oktavia
Published: February 2022

Citrus fruits constitute a basic agricultural product in many countries. They are a source ofnational income, empowering labor market in rural zones and those surrounding urban areas,and in addition to being an important part of the diet. Insects are common problems to plantingof citrus. Purple Scale, Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman) is one of the destructive insect pests ofcitrus worldwide. The control of purple scale insects in citrus utilizes native natural enemiesincluding pathogens. Most known species of mould are pathogens of purple scale insect of citrus.The objective of this research was to study phylogenetic systematics of Indonesian indigenousmould isolates as pathogen on purple scale insect (Lepidoshapes beckii Newman) pest of citrusplants. Seven mould isolates derived from Purworejo, Brastagi, and Poncokusumo were showedpathogenic on purple scale insect. The fungal isolates were cultured on PDA. The DNA of fungalmaterial was isolated with Kit Prepman Ultra (Applied Biosystems). Nuclear ribosomal LargeSubunit 28S rDNA (LSU) was amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4. Products of PCR werepurified and sequenced. Based on the 28S rDNA sequence, the result was showed that isolate ofPW ASG D4 was related to Gibberella moniliformis dx-12, PC ORG D4 was related to Gibberella sp.1893, PW ASG D2 was related to Gibberella moniliformis BZ070101, PW LB D2 was related toGibberella moniliformis 52, BRS D22 was related to Fusarium oxysporum DC-1-67, PWRJ I D4 wasrelated to Fusarium culmorum SQ070108, and BRS D23 was related to Aschersonia sp. Ag-11.
Analisis Matagenom Komunitas Bakteri Tempe dengan Teknik Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP)
Authors: Barus Tati , Griselda Griselda , Suwanto Antonius , Agustina Tan Watumesa
Published: February 2022

Bacteria have an important role in tempe fermentation in Indonesia, aside of Rhizopus oligosporus as the dominant microbe. In this study the molecular aspect of bacterial diversity in tempe were analyzed using a fingerprinting technique, Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP). This study was aimed to examine the diversity of bacterial community during tempe making. Bacterial diversity analysis was conducted in the first hour and the thirteenth hour after the soybean soaked while the fresh tempe was analysed at one to two hours after the fermentation ended. T-RFLP can be used to describe the diversity of bacterial community during the fermentation of tempe. T-RFLP profiles revealed the presence of 24, 30 and 33 bacterial phylotypes in the first hour and the thirteenth hour after the soybean soaked as well as in fresh tempe samples. The phylotypes were dominated by unculturable bacteria group. Only several bacterial phylotypes were consistenly identified since the beginning to the end of fermentation, while most of them were only identified at certain phases along with the environmental changes (i.e: pH) that occured during the fermentation process. One of the consistently identified groups belongs to Bacillus genera.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Karang Lunak Sarcophyton sp. yang Difragmentasi dan Tidak Difragmentasi dari Perairan Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta
Authors: Kawaroe Mujizat , Soedarma Dedi , Effendi Hefni , Nurhayati Tati , Hardiningtyas Safrina Dyah
Published: February 2022

Fragmented and non-fragmented soft corals showed antibacterial activities. Soft corals were gradually extracted using methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane. Crude extract of the samples was tested its antibacterial activity, Minimun Inhibitory Concentration, toxicity (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method), and phytochemicals. Overall, the antibacterial activity of crude extract of non-fragmented soft coral Sarcophyton sp. was higher than the crude extract of fragmented soft coral Sarcophyton sp. Crude ethyl acetate extract showed higher antibacterial activities. The ethyl acetate crude extract of non-fragmented soft coral Sarcophyton sp. is able to inhibit all tested bacteria is E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and B.cereus, while the ethyl acetate crude extract of fragmented Sarcophyton sp. is unable to inhibit bacteria P. aeruginosa. Minimum inhibitory concentration extracts of non-fragmented Sarcophyton sp. in range 240−480 μg/disc. The 24-h LC50 extracts of fragmented and non-fragmented Sarcophyton sp. for Artemia salina were 149.50 ppm and 45.15 ppm, respectively. Bioactive compounds of fragmented and non-fragmented Sarcophyton sp. extract are steroid, flavonoid and alkaloid.
Daya Dukung dan Laju Pertumbuhan Microcystis Hasil Isolasi dari Waduk Sutami pada Berbagai Variasi Konsentrasi Nitrat dan Fosfat dalam Medium Selektif B-12
Authors: Retnaningdyah Catur , Suharjono Suharjono , Soegianto Agoes , Irawan Bambang
Published: February 2022

The main objective of this research was to calculate the carrying capacity and growth rate ofisolated Microcystis result in Sutami reservoir on a variety of nitrate and phosphateconcentrations in the B-12 selective medium. Research was conducted in the laboratory withpure experiments using completely randomized factorial design with factors of nitrateconcentration variation (8, 16, 32, and 64 ppm) and phosphate (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 ppm) in B-12medium. Repetition of the study was conducted three times at the same time. Microcystispopulation abundance which was counted every day until the stationary phase (day +30) wasused to calculate the rate of growth (β) and maximum abundance of Microcystis can besupported by each medium treatment (γ). The results showed that the growth rate of Microcystiswas not significantly influenced by levels of phosphate in the medium but significantly positivelycorrelated with increasing nitrate concentration in the medium. Carrying capacity or themaximum abundance (γ) of Microcystis was influenced by the combination of nitrate andphosphate in the B12 medium. Concentration of phosphate 0.4 ppm in medium combined withnitrate 8−64 ppm could support the highest abundance of Microcystis.
Penggunaan Operkulum dalam Penentuan Umur pada Rhinoclavis sinensis Gmelin 1791 (Gastropoda: Cerithiidae)
Authors: Zahida Felicia , Subagja Jusup
Published: February 2022

Age determination of the sample specimen is very important for population dynamic research of R. sinensis (Gastropoda : Cerithiidae). Operculum is a “hard” part stick on the dorsal portion of the foot of gastropods. Operculum appeared on the day of the snails are born and have their own specific shape, size, and materials composition. The aim of this research was to describe the use of operculum in age determination of R. sinensis. The method used in this research was: the operculums were soaked into saturated sodium hydroxide, washed and mounted them in Canada balsam, and observed using binocular microscope. Regression analysis was used to find the relationship between length of operculum to length of shell, and number of adventicious layers of operculum to length of shell. The research resulted that the length of operculum was comparable with the shell length, with the regression line of Y=0.113X +1.898 (R2=0.857). The growth of adventitious’ layers of the operculum coincided with the growth of the shell that in the second year, the growth of adventitious layers was two layers a year. At the age of three and four, the growth was one layer a year. During the fifth, sixth and seventh years, the growth was only a layer within three years. The regression line was Y=0.168X (R2=0.872).
Variasi Genetik pada Rusa Sambar (Rusa unicolor) di Penangkaran, Kabupaten Penajam, Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Wirdateti Wirdateti , Brahmantyo Bram , Semiadi Gono , Reksodihardjo Andi
Published: February 2022

Sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) is the largest Indonesian deer species. The largest population of captivation is located at Penajam district, East Borneo (UPTD). First population was introduced in 1990 with four individuals. The use of molecular marker was aimed to identify and characterise the level of genetic diversity within the UPTD population as well as to identify a possible of botolneck population genetic status. This study discussed the relevance of the result for management purposes of captivation. The results indicated that sambar deer populatin (n=38) had an average genetic distance (d) in population as 0.006 with nucleotide diversity (π) being 0.0159). A total of 43.48% of the population was homogeneous that showed no nucleotide differences among individuals.
Pengaruh Pupuk Nitrogen dan Ethephon terhadap Pertumbuhan, Pembungaan dan Hasil Padi Lokal (Oryza sativa L. cv. Rojolele)
Authors: Rachmawati Diah , Maryani Maryani , Setyaningsih Tri
Published: February 2022

Physiological studies on Rojolele rice were conducted after the application of nitrogen fertilizer and ethephon at different doses. Application of nitrogen fertilizer is one of the most important measurements to improve plant growth and yield of rice. Ethylene which has flowering initiate roles are induced by ethephon. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and ethephon on growth, flowering and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Rojolele). The experiment was carried out using Complete Randomized Design with 2 factors, which each factor consisted of four levels. The first factor was doses of urea as nitrogen source 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1. The second factor was doses of ethephon 0; 100; 200 and 400 mg l-1. Measured parameters were plant height, tiller number, plant biomass, root shoot ratio, flowering time, yield and grain size. The application of nitrogen fertilizer improved the plant growth of Rojolele rice. Plant height, tiller number, plant biomass, panicle length, and number of grains increased by the increasing doses of nitrogen, but this factor did not significantly affect on grain size. Ethephon application reduced plant height and delayed flowering time. However, it simultaneously increased tillers when compared at the same N dose. Interaction between nitrogen fertilizer and ethephon gave significantly effects on the plant height and number of grains per panicle, but there were no significant effect on the rice grain size.
Khemotaksis Rhizobakteri Osmotoleran pada Rizosfer Tanaman Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata, L.)
Authors: Maryani Yekti
Published: February 2022

This research has an objective to study chemotaxis of osmotolerant rhizobacteria strains Al-19 dan M7b in greenpea plant. These isolates were used to inoculate greenpea plant. The study on chemotaxis of osmotolerant rhizobacteria was conducted by CFU method in order to count the number of osmotolerant rhizobacteria AL-19 dan M7b in rhizosphere. Visualization of those isolates on root surface used fluorescence microscope and agglutination reaction with exudates of greenpea root. Result of the study showed that both isolates of osmotolerant rhizobacteria Al-19 dan M7b were found in rhizosphere of greenpea with low-density. Simple carbohydrate is substrat that is essential for rhizobacteria to grow thus the chemotaxis of both rhizobacteria is considered as metabolism - dependent. It means that it is not only as digested material but also function as affinity substance. These isolates gathered on the root surface weakly and did not make glutination reaction. This condition indicated that these isolates could not form colony on root surface of greenpea.
Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pinang Muda (Areca catechu L) Meningkatkan Apoptosis pada Sel Testikular Mencit (Mus musculus L)
Authors: Sumarsono Sony Heru , Ayda T Yusuf Eka Pasana Pujowati Indra Wibowo
Published: February 2022

Biji pinang memiliki potensi sebagai bahan antifertilitas dan diduga dapat menginduksi apoptosis sel-sel spermatogenik. Penelitian ini membahas tentang perubahan jaringan testikular mencit akibat pemberian ekstrak etanol biji pinang muda. Ekstrak etanol biji pinang muda disiapkan dengan maserasi, penjemuran, perendaman dan evaporasi hingga diperoleh serbuk ekstrak etanol yang kemudian dilarutkan dalam larutan Gum Arab 1% sesuai dosis. Mencit jantan galur Swiss Webster (umur8 minggu, berat 30-35 gram) dibagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan: (1) K = Kontrol, (2) KP = Kontrol pelarut (Gum Arab 1%), (3) P1 = Perlakukan 1 (dosis 300 mg/kg berat badan (bb)), (4) P2= Perlakuan 2 (dosis 500 mg/kg bb), dan (5) P3=Perlakuan 3 (dosis 700 mg/kg bb), diberikan secara oral (gavage) selama 17 hari. Mencit ditimbang sebelum perlakuan dan setelah perlakuan. Mencit dibunuh pada hari ke 18 dengan dislokasi leher, testis diisolasi, ditimbang dan difoto untuk mengetahui penambahan berat dan ukuran. Preparat histologi sayatan testis disiapkan dengan pewarnaan HE dan TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assay untuk mengamati apoptosis. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan terjadi (1) penurunan berat relatif testis kelompok P3, (2) ukuran testis relatif lebih kecil pada kelompok perlakuan, (3) perbedaan struktur jaringan testis pada kelompok P2 dan P3, al: (a) jumlah tubulus seminiferus lebih sedikit, (b) diameter tubulus seminiferus lebih kecil, (c) jarak antar tubulus seminiferus lebih renggang, (d) penurunan jumlah sel testikular, dan (e) peningkatan jumlah sel yang mengalami apoptosis. Ekstrak etanol biji pinang menyebabkan peningkatan apoptosis dan memiliki potensi sebagai agen alami antifertilitas pria.
Kelimpahan dan Pola Penyebaran Bulu Babi (Echinoidea) di Terumbu Karang Pantai Pasir Putih, Situbondo, Indonesia
Authors: Somma Andi , Zahida Felicia , Yuda Pramana
Published: February 2022

Penelitian tentang kelimpahan ikan, moluska dan bentos pada daerah terumbu karang sudah banyak dilakukan, penelitian tentang kelimpahan dan pola penyebaran bulu babi di Pantai Pasir Putih, Situbondo sebagai daerah wisata belum dilakukan. Ramainya wisatawan yang datang mampu mengganggu daya dukung lingkungan terhadap organisme laut seperti bulu babi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis, kelimpahan dan pola penyebaran bulu babi di ekosistem terumbu karang perairan Pantai Pasir Putih, Situbondo. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tiga stasiun yang mewakili daerah Pantai Pasir Putih, Situbondo yaitu: Watu Lawang sebagai stasiun 1, Karang Mayit – Teluk Pelita sebagai stasiun 2 dan Watu Pon – Pon sebagai stasiun 3. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode transek kuadrat. Setiap stasiun memiliki lima transek dengan panjang dan jarak antar transek 100 m. Bidang observasi sepanjang transek menggunakan petak ukur dengan luas 1 m2. Selanjutnya kelimpahan dan pola penyebaran bulu babi dihitung. Bulu babi yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah Diadema setosum, Echinothrix calamaris duri putih dan Echinothrix calamaris duri coklat belang. Bulu babi D. setosum merupakan spesies yang dominan di ketiga stasiun dengan kelimpahan relatif, berturut turut adalah 60,976%, 69,136% dan 45,333%. Pola penyebaran bulu babi D. setosum seragam, sedangkan E. calamaris duri putih dan E. calamaris duri coklat belang mengelompok.
Hubungan Panjang Berat Dan Faktor Kondisi Relatif Lima Spesies Ikan di Sungai Suwi Muara Ancalong, Kutai Timur
Authors: Nugroho Rudy Agung , Florentino Apri Pauci , Lariman Lariman , Aryani Retno , Rudianto Rudianto , Kusneti Monica
Published: February 2022

The length-weight relationship of fish and the condition factor provides an overview of the fish growth conditions in the river. The purpose of this study was to determine the length-weight relationship and factor condition of five fish species in the Suwi River wetlands. The method of catching fish used gill nets, ceiling nets, fishing rods, traps, and other nets. The research was conducted for to months in the Suwi river wetlands. The results the length-weight relationship of five fish were varied, Ompok bimaculatus had b value 2,93, Helostoma temminckii (b  value 2.15), Mystus nemurus  (b value 2,62), and Channa) micropeltes (b 2.61) which indicated a negative allometric growth pattern. Meanwhile Leptobarbus hoevenii (b 3.12) was a positive allometric growth pattern. Negative allometric indicates growth in length faster than weight growth, thus the physical shape looks flattened, while positive allometric indicates growth in fish length slower than growth in fish weight. Based on the relative weight (Wr) of Ompok bimaculatus 101.28 ± 19.13, Helostoma temminckii 101.05 ± 15.51, Mystus nemurus 100.95 ± 14.84, Channa micropeltes 101.09 ± 14.14, Leptobarbus hoevenii 103.71 ± 34.57. Condition factor above 100, indicates sufficient food availability or low predator density
Identifikasi Tumbuhan Paku (Pteridophyta) di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sumatera Utara
Authors: Adlini Miza Nina , Hartono Adi , Khairani Miftahul , Tanjung Indayana Febriani , Khairuna Khairuna
Published: February 2022

Tumbuhan Cryptogamae merupakan kelompok tumbuhan tingkat rendah yang berkembang biak dengan tidak memakai biji. Tumbuhan paku (Pteridophyta) merupakan salah satu divisi tumbuhan Cryptogamae yang memiliki pola penyebaran yang cukup luas dan lazim ditemui di sekitar lingkungan. Kampus II UINSU. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tumbuhan tumbuhan paku yang terdapat di kampus II UINSU yang diharapkan dapat bermanfaat sebagai pengembangan dalam pembelajaran kontekstual Botani Cryptogamae yang dapat diimplementasikan dalam kehidupan nyata dengan mengamati berbagai spesies tumbuhan Cryptogamae yang ditemukan di areal kampus II UINSU. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah metode survey eksploratif dan deskriptif, dengan melakukan pendataan tumbuhan serta mengamati morfologi dan deskripsi tumbuhan tersebut. sampel dikoleksi dalam bentuk segar dan diidentifikasi di laboratorium Tadris Biologi FITK UINSU. Identifikasi tumbuhan menggunakan prosedur pendataan ciri morfologi tumbuhan dan kunci identifikasi yang bersumber dari buku Tjitrosoepomo (2011). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 2 kelas tumbuhan paku yakni kelas Filicinae dan Lycopodiinae, dimana terdapat 1 ordo, 1 famili, 5 sub famili dan 6 spesies untuk kelas Filicinae serta 1 ordo, 1 famili, dan 1 spesies untuk kelas Lycopodiinae yang ditemukan di Kampus II UINSU.
Utilization of Used Cardboard and Vegetable Waste as Growth Media for White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Authors: Lavenia Jovita , Prasetyaningsih Aniek , Ariestanti Catarina Aprilia
Published: February 2022

White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is a highly nutritious food with simple cultivation process using sawdust as its main substrate. Nowadays, availability of sawdust become a problem for some mushroom farmers. Cardboard and vegetable wastes are easily found and difficult to maintain. Based on their characteristics, those wastes can be used as mushroom growth media. This study aims to determine the effect of cardboard and vegetable waste on mushroom growth and the best media composition to obtain maximum productivity. Those wastes are used as the main substrate in eleven composition variations with complete randomized design (CRD) analysis method using One-Way ANOVA and simple linear regression statistical test. The results showed, variations in media composition affect the condition of the media which then influence the growth of P. ostreatus. Maximum productivity was found in media composition XI with mycelium growth rate up to 3.91 cm/day, media IX with the biological efficiency up to 45.38%, and media X with the highest total yield up to 97.28 grams. From this study it can be concluded that cardboard and vegetable waste can be an alternative growth substrate for P. ostreatus in urban areas with a maximum concentration of vegetable waste no more than 30% by weight of the media used.
Analisis Gen 12SrRNA Dari DNA Mitochondria Kelelawar Pemakan Buah Chironax Melanocephalus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) Di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun
Authors: Zein M. Syamsul Arifin , Maharadatunkamsi Maharadatunkamsi
Published: February 2022

A study on genetic variation of the high mountain fruit bat (Chironax melanocephalus) was conducted in Gunung Halimun National Park. DNA total from liver tissues were extracted and fragment of the 12SrRNA gene region of mitochondrial DNA were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Nucleotide sequence of the PCR products were determined by automated sequencer. Seven haplotype were found among 20 individuals from 6 localities, namely: South Halimun Mountain, Kendeng Mountain, Botol Mountain, Pasir Cangkuang Mountain, Kencana Mountain, and Buligir Putih Mountain. Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.76 and 0.0222. DNA distances values ranged from 0.0028 to 0.0202.
Pollination and Breeding system of Ranunuclus japonicus Thunb. in Japan
Authors: Syamsuardi Syamsuardi
Published: February 2022

Penelitian tentang penyerbukan dan sistem reproduksi Ranunculus japonicus telah dilakukan di kebun botani Universitas Osaka City, Katano, Osaka, Japan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa putik R. japonicus lebih dahulu masak daripada benang sarinya (protogyny). Pada tumbuhan ini terjadi ketidakcocokan silang sendiri (self-incompatible). Tumbuhan ini tidak mengalami penyerbukan sendiri (selfing) dan juga tidak membentuk biji tanpa pembuahan (agamosper my), tetapi melakukan penyerbukan silang (out-crossing) dan membutuhkan perantara (pollinator) untuk pembentukan bijinya.
Skrining Senyawa Antiinfeksi dari Spons yang Dikoleksi dari Bunaken, Manado
Authors: Astuti Puji , Alam Gemini , Pratiwi Sylvia , Hertiani Triana , Wahyuono Subagus
Published: February 2022

The emergence of drug resistant and multidrug-resistant microbes as well as the lack of any current chemotherapy augmented the necessity to search for new and better anti-infective drug.. This study was aim to screen potential antiinfective extracts of sponges collected from Bunaken, Manado and to report on their antibacterial and antifungal properties. Testing for antiinfective agents was conducted using dilution method. Nutrient Agar was used as the testing media and nutrient broth for the inoculation of microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi were used as the testing bacteria and Candida albicans as the testing fungi. Chloramphenicol was used as positive control for anti bacterial activity and Ketokonazol for antifungi. The two acetone extracts tested (MD-01aceton and MD-02aceton), all of them showed inhibition activities. Following partition with chloroform and methanol, all chloroform extracts inhibited the growth of both bacteria and fungi. These extracts then are considered to be potential candidates for further isolation and characterization as antiinfective agents.
Efek pH Terhadap Pelepasan Fosfat Oleh Lumpur Aktif Dalam Kondisi Anaerob
Authors: Mangimbulude Jubhar Christian
Published: February 2022

Phosphate removal  in domestic wastewater or  industrial wastewater is a key factor of prevent eutrophication. Mechanisms of  biological  phosphate removal occurs  under both  of anaerobic and aerobic conditions.  Phosphate up take under aerobic condition  is much determined by phosphate released under anaerobic condition. The objective of this research was  to  understand the effect of  various of  external  pH  on phosphate released  by  activated sludge  under anaerobic conditions. For that purpose, the  experiments were  conducted  in  batch system  under anaerobic condition  at  pH of  6.0, 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0   separetely. PO4, Acetate  and MLVSS  were  measured  and  used  as  parameters to  analyze  process.  The results shown  that the highest of  phosphate released  and acetate consumed occurred at pH 9.0 and the lowest it was occurred at pH 6.0. The value of   phosphate/acetate ratio was calculated to be in variation  of 0.161  to 0.256  p-mol/C-mol  in  pH  range  of 6.0  to 9.0
Phytochemicals As Bioactive Agents (Kajian Buku)
Authors: Pranata F. Sinung
Published: February 2022

Pencegahan penyakit ternyata tidak terlepas dari diet beberapa makanan. Diet makanan yang kaya akan manfaat, seperti buah, sayur, dan biji-bijian telah diyakini berhubungan erat dengan pencegahan penyakit tertentu. Beberapa senyawa fitokimia yang terdapat dalam bahan makanan mempunyai aktivitas biologis dalam pencegahan penyakit, seperti kanker dan jantung. Buku PHYTOCHEMICALS AS BIOACTIVE AGENTS yang ditulis oleh Bidlack et al., ini menyuguhkan tentang aneka ragam senyawa organik yang dibentuk oleh tumbuhan, termasuk cara identifikasi dan evaluasi bioaktivitas fitokimia yang berperan dalam pencegahan penyakit tertentu.
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Jamur Pendegradasi Katekin dari Seresah Pinus
Authors: Nurnawati Elisa , Sembiring Langkah
Published: February 2022

Isolation of catechin-degrading fungus from pine litter samples was done using minimal medium that containing catechin as sole carbon and energy source.  A total of 53 isolates were chosen to represent different colonial types of catechin degrading-fungus. The isolates were screened for their ability to degrade catechin in three stages. The first stage of screening was based on their ability to grow on solid medium containing 2 mM, and as a result, 28 isolates were selected.  The second stage of screening on the same medium but containing 4 mM of catechin resulting in 14 selected isolates. The third stage screening was based on their mean growth rate constant (k), instantaneous growth rate constant (m) and generation time (g) on minimal medium containing 4 mM catechin. The result showed that four isolates (D9, K2, K11, and S11) were the best catechin degradator. Further growth kinetic study  (k, m ,and g) of selected  isolates   indicated that  D9, K2, and S11 grew well on the medium containing 40 mM, but  K11 was inhibited by concentration of higher than 10 mM. Catechin biodegradation process was determined by following the decrease of catechin concentration on liquid medium. It was found that isolate K2 had higher ability to degrade catechin than the isolate K11. Finally, the four selected isolates from the third stage were characterized in terms of macroscopic, microscopic and phenotypic characters and identified. The result of the study showed that the isolates D9, K2 and S11 were identified as member of Aspergillus niger group. The isolate D9 was very similar to isolate S11, while the isolate K2 was found to be the most similar with Aspergillus niger van Tiegh. IFO 6341. The isolate K11 was assigned to be member of the genus Trichoderma.
Menguak Rahasia Kehidupan (Kajian Buku)
Authors: Lanni Fransiska
Published: February 2022

Masih ingat dengan James D. Watson, Francis Crick dan Maurice Wilkins, trio ilmuan yang dianugerahkan hadiah Nobel untuk bidang Fisiologi dan Kedokteran tahun 1962? Penemuan mereka tentang struktur double helix DNA yang spektakular tersebut telah membuat revolusi besar dalam  biologi molekular dan tidaklah berlebihan jika  kemudian dijuluki sebagai “the father of DNA”. Memperingati setengah abad (50 tahun) publikasi pertama tentang double helix di Nature (1953), telah diluncurkan buku  DNA:The Secret of Life.
Pertumbuhan Curah Enterococcus faecalis Id 6017 dan Kemampuan Dekolorisasi Reactive Red-2 pada Medium yang Mengandung Gliserol
Authors: Meitiniarti V. I. , Napitupulu Morina M. , Timotius K. H.
Published: February 2022

Enterococcus faecalis ID 6017 can utilize glycerol as the source of carbon and energy for its growth. The present of glycerol in the medium containing Reactive Red-2 not only influenced its growth but also its ability to decolorize Reactive Red-2. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth of  Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and its ability to decolorize Reactive Red-2. The microbe was grown in batch system with three different growth medium, i.e. medium which contained (i) 1.643 g/l glycerol and 0.08 g/l reactive red-2, (ii) 1.643 g/l glycerol, and (iii) 0.08 g/l Reactive Red 2. The result of this study showed that the growth of  E. faecalis and its ability to decolorize Reactive Red-2 on medium contained glycerol was better than without glycerol. E. faecalis could not growth and decolorized Reactive Red-2 on medium without glycerol.
Komunitas Ikan di Perairan Danau Wilayah Sulawesi Utara dan Gorontalo
Authors: Haryono Haryono
Published: February 2022

The study of lake fishes community in North Sulawesi and Gorontalo provinces was done during July and August 2001. The lakes of study were Tondano (St.1), Moat (St.2), Tondok (St.3) and Limboto (St.4) under observation methods to determine the  fishes diversity, abundance, local distribution, status and economy values. There were  17 different species from 12 families screened during this study, the Cyprinidae was the dominant one  and consist of three  species. Overall  the variation of  fishes consist of eight  introducable species and nine native species. The most abundance species was Ophieleotris aporos  and the most wide distributed was Cyprinus carpio, mostly species have  economic values. Comparing to three other lakes, the Limboto has the  most various species of  fishes.
Konstruksi Vektor Biner Mengandung Gen Hibrid cryIB-cryIAa untuk Transformasi Agrobacterium Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L)
Authors: Rahmawati Syamsidah , Slamet-Loedin Inez H.
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to obtain binary vectors carrying  cryIB-cryIAa hybrid gene suitable for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of two Indonesian rice cultivars, Rajalele (Javanica) and Cisadane (Indica).  Introduction of hybrid Bt toxin, encoded by cryIB-cryIAa hybrid gene with different binding receptor in the insect gut driven by maize ubiquitin promoter, was intended to reduce the possibility of the appearance of stem borer resistant to Bt toxin. A HindIII fragment containing the ubi cryIB-cryIAa hybrid gene was excised from pBKS ubi cryIB-cryIAa and cloned into the HindIII site of binary vector pCAMBIA 1301, 1303, or 1304.  Restriction analysis of recombinant plasmids confirmed the insertion of the gene and demonstrated that the gene inserted in two orientations. The recombinant plasmids were transformed into electrocompetent Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 by electroporation.  Embryogenic calli of Rajalele and Cisadane were co-cultivated with A. tumefaciens EHA 105 harbouring binary vector pCAMBIA 1301, 1303, or 1304 containing ubi cryIB-cryIAa. GUS histochemical assay revealed that high transformation efficiency (75-100%) on both cultivars were obtained from embryogenic calli transformed with pCAMBIA 1303 or 1304.
Komposisi Jenis Ikan di Perairan Pantai Teluk Saleh, Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) dan Tanimbar Utara, Maluku Tenggara
Authors: Langkosono Langkosono
Published: February 2022

Study of the fish diversity in Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) has been carried out in August 2000, and in North Tanimbar, Maluku Tenggara   during November to  December 2002. The fishes  collecting in Saleh Bay using gillnet, beach seine, angling, and light fishing while in  North Tanimbar by beach seine. A total specimens which collected from Saleh Bay were 576 samples, consist of 108 species from 29 families while in North Tanimbar were found  2 763 specimens, representing 61 species from 28 families.
Distribusi Southeast Asia Ovalocytosis (SAO) pada Berbagai Populasi Masyarakat di Kepulauan Sunda Kecil
Authors: Lanni Fransiska
Published: February 2022

The presence of some genetic markers related to malaria as hemoglobinopathies, enzymophaties and ovalocytosis in populations of Lesser Sunda Islands  are presumed to be quite high, since this archipelago is mostly malaria endemic. To elucidate the problem, a series of observations had been done among  579 blood samples which were collected from five different populations (Balinese, Sasak, Sumbawanese, Sumbanese,  and Alorese) representing inhibitant of Lesser Sunda Islands. In this paper we present the distribution of Southeast Asia Ovalocytosis (SAO) which was detected  by microscopic examination of the red blood cell morphology. Among these, 38 subjects were suspected as SAO whereas the incidence ranges from 2.2% in Balinese to 15.7% in Alorese.  It was predicted that the high incidence of SAO in Alorese might be associated with malaria selection to compensate the absence of hemoglobinophaties in this population.
Uji Antagonis Trichoderma sp dan Gliocladium sp terhadap Fusarium Penyebab Penyakit Layu pada Beberapa Jenis Tanaman Pisang di Kebun Raya Purwodadi secara in-vitro
Authors: Suharjono Suharjono , Kurniati Tri Handayani , Soejono Soejono , Dewi Susanti
Published: February 2022

Purwodadi Botanical Garden has more than one hundred collection of cultivated bananas. The major problem in keeping their existency is  the occuring of  Fusarium wilt disease  which was commonly controlled by pesticide or eradication to terminate the infectious cycles. Trichoderma and Gliocladium were frequently used as antagonist fungus in controlling the Fusarium wilt disease in kenaf, tomato or  the other plants. So,  this study aims was to know the  potency of Trichoderma and Gliocladium on Fusarium growth inhibition. The experimental design was done by Randomized Complete Design Factorial using three factors i.e. antagonist fungus, Fusarium and growth distance. The level of retardation was measured by the growth distance of Fusarium  that interacted to antagonist fungus and data analysis were conducted  by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that Trichoderma has higher inhibition than Gliocladium and the highest inhibition occurred at 1 cm  distance of inoculum which was performed on Fusarium 4 (77.78%). There was not any significant differencies between Fusarium 1 with Trichoderma (73.55%) and Fusarium 2 with Gliocladium (73.33%). At 2 cm distance, the highest inhibition occurred in Fusarium 3 by Trichoderma (72.71%), which  was not significantly different with Fusarium 1, 2 and 4. While at 3 cm distance, the highest inhibition on Fusarium 4 by Trichoderma  was 51.11% and not significantly different from Fusarium 1, 2 and 3.