bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remodeling reading-to-write process: a response writing task for Chinese English learners
Authors: Wu Lingyun
Published: January 2025

Long recognized as a significant integrated task in major English proficiency tests, reading-to-write tasks have been researched from dimensions mainly concerning its testing validity. A further exploration into the process is essential for a better understanding of the construct and instructions of the integrated task in different cultural and educational contexts. The present study investigated the process of a response writing task by collecting data of interviews and reflective journals from 36 Chinese learners. These data were analyzed qualitatively to identify the main phases and sub-stages occurring in the reading-to-write process. The results disclosed three main phases: pre-reading, reading for writing, and writing from reading. Besides, among a set of sub-stages, planning and rereading recurred and were embedded with each other in the main phases, and therefore, bridged reading and writing. The purposes of the occurrence of the main phases and recurring sub-stages presented the dynamic agency that learners exercise. Accordingly, a new model was constructed to account for the nuanced processes as well as their connection and interaction in a reading-to-write task, providing new insight into the recursive and reciprocal nature of reading-to-write tasks for learners in the Chinese context and furthermore, into the construct of integrated academic tasks. Pedagogical suggestions for L2 learners were provided in the end.
The spatiotemporal changes and influencing mechanisms of the coastline in the Yellow River Delta, China
Authors: Yang Zhuo , Gao Wei , Yu Wenjie , Liu Jie , Du Jun , Li Ping , Xu Yuanqin , Li Ping
Published: January 2025

Using remote sensing imagery of the Yellow River Delta (YRD) from 1984 to 2024, the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) model was employed to analyze the coastline position, migration rate, and characteristics of four typical coastal sections. The response of the coastline changes in the study area to global climate change and human activities was quantitatively assessed. Over the past 40 years, the modern YRD coastline has generally advanced seaward at an average rate of 109.64 m/a. This progression can be divided into three distinct phases: (i) The rapid transition period from 1984 to 2000, during which the total coastline length reached its maximum of nearly 440.65 km in the last 40 years. In 1986, the proportion of artificial coastline surpassed that of natural coastline for the first time. (ii) A decreasing trend in total coastline length characterized the slow transition period from 2000 to 2015. The transition in coastline types continued the trend of the previous period, with artificial coastlines exceeding 90% for the first time in 2015, marking the highest proportion in the past 40 years. (iii) The stable period from 2015 to the present, during which the total coastline length has shown an increasing trend. The artificial coastline has stabilized, while the growth of the natural coastline has been concentrated around the Yellow River estuary. However, the increase in the natural coastline has gradually slowed due to water and sediment regulation projects from 2001. The evolution of the coastline in the YRD has shifted from early control by river diversions to a current primary influence from human-driven land reclamation projects. Coastal changes in the present estuarine sections are mainly controlled by Yellow River water and sediment inflows, while abandoned northern channels experience pronounced effects from extreme weather, such as cold wave-induced winds. Additionally, factors such as sea-level rise due to global climate change and delta subsidence caused by sediment compaction have lowered the relative elevation of the coastline, further accelerating its erosion and retreat. However, these natural factors have had a lesser impact on coastline evolution than river diversions and human activities.
Improving students' performance via case-based e-learning
Authors: Ertl Sebastian , Wadowski Patricia P. , Löffler-Stastka Henriette
Published: January 2025

Background

The integration of interdisciplinary clinical reasoning and decision-making into the medical curriculum is imperative. Novel, high-quality e-learning environments, encompassing virtual clinical and hands-on training, are essential. Consequently, we evaluated the efficacy of a case-based e-learning approach.

Method

The impact of a case-based interdisciplinary e-learning environment with an integrated question/feedback system on medical students' academic performance was examined in a cross-sectional sample of different study years, longitudinally matched per academic year. Differences between the groups were analyzed through an unpaired t-test.

Results

The exam results of students who participated in the e-learning course (n = 296) were compared with those of all students at the university (n = 5,800). A statistically significant (p-value < 0.01) improvement in students' final examination grades was observed through intensive training on the offered platform.

Conclusions

Our analyses demonstrated the positive influence of a case-based e-learning approach within the Viennese medical curriculum.
Real world efficacy and safety of the advanced hybrid closed-loop system MiniMed 780G (SmartGuard) in children under 7 years of age
Authors: López-López Sara , Díaz-Martín Cristina , García-de Pablo Inés , Ovejero-Garcia María Teresa , Garnier-Rodríguez María Beatriz , Molina-Suárez Ruth , Ontoria-Betancort Cristina , Sáez-Gallego Blanca , Domínguez-García Ángela , Quinteiro-González Sofía , Travieso-Suárez Lourdes , Cabrera-Guedes María Fátima , Nóvoa-Medina Yeray
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Medtronic 780G SmartGuard™ AID system in children under 7 years of age with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods

Retrospective analysis of data from children living with T1D under 7 years of age using the MiniMed 780G™ across three pediatric endocrinology units in the Canary Islands. Metabolic control parameters were analyzed from 14 days of pretreatment to 12 months of follow-up.

Results

The study included 61 children under 7 years of age, 35 in Group 1 and 26 in Group 2. In Group 1, there was a significant increase in time in range (TIR) (13%, p = 0,000), along with a significant decrease in time above range (TAR) (7% for TAR1 and 3% for TAR2; p = 0,000). These improvements persisted for up to 1 year of follow-up. In Group 2, there was a significant increase in the TIR (7%; p = 0,000) and a significant decrease in the TAR (7%; p = 0,000 for TAR1 and 6.5%; p = 0,001 for TAR2). These improvements persisted for up to 6.5 months of follow-up. No significant changes were observed in the time below range (TBR) or variation coefficient (CV) in either group. No events of severe hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis occurred. Efficacy and safety were maintained in children with a TDD <8 units/day.

Conclusion

The use of the Medtronic 780G™ SmartGuard™ system in children under 7 years of age with T1D is effective and safe, with benefits persisting for up to 6–12 months. The safety profile is maintained in children receiving a TDD <8 units/day.
Relationship between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and neonatal birth weight in pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liao Qiuping , Yu Tiantian , Chen Jiajia , Zheng Xiuqiong , Zheng Lianghui , Yan Jianying
Published: January 2025

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore the association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and neonatal birth weight in pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study conducted between January 2019 and June 2020 at a university hospital in Fuzhou, China.

Results

Pre-pregnancy BMI was used to categorize 791 pregnant women as underweight (3.03%), normal weight (51.71%), overweight (32.74%), and obese (12.52%). Among the 791 babies, 11.63% were small for gestational age (SGA), 77.37% were normal weight, and 11.00% were large for gestational age (LGA). The rate of the SGA babies increased with higher pre-pregnancy BMI. The percentage of LGA babies was higher in women who were overweight or obese compared to those of normal weight. Neonatal birth weight displayed a significantly increasing trend with increasing maternal pre-pregnancy BMI when maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was less than 27.78 kg/m2 [β = 0.03, 95% CI (0.01, 0.04); p = 0.0052 < 0.05] when maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was greater than 27.78 kg/m2, neonatal birth weight decreased as maternal pre-pregnancy BMI increased [β = −0.01, 95% CI (−0.04, 0.01); p = 0.3555].

Conclusion

The incidence of SGA and LGA babies was higher in the women with GDM who were overweight or obese before pregnancy. The data suggest that different management strategies should be implemented for pregnant women with a pre-pregnancy BMI below 27.78 kg/m2 and above 27.78 kg/m2, particularly in cases of GDM. These findings highlight the importance of providing information, offering preconception counseling, and delivering health education on weight management to ensure healthy pregnancies.
Bibliometric mapping of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for bone regeneration from 2013 to 2023
Authors: Chen Qianqian , Su Yiqi , Yang Zhen , Lin Qiyuan , Ke Yan , Xing Dan , Li Hui
Published: January 2025

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown significant potential in bone regeneration and regenerative medicine in recent years. With the advancement of tissue engineering, MSCs have been increasingly applied in bone repair and regeneration, and their clinical application potential has grown through interdisciplinary approaches involving biomaterials and genetic engineering. However, there is a lack of systematic reviews summarizing their applications in bone regeneration. To address this gap, we analyzed the latest research on MSCs for bone regeneration published from 2013 to 2023. Using the Web of Science Core Collection, we conducted a literature search in December 2024 and employed bibliometric tools like CiteSpace and VOSviewer for a comprehensive analysis of the key research trends. Our findings focus on the development of cell engineering, highlighting the advantages, limitations, and future prospects of MSC applications in bone regeneration. These insights aim to enhance understanding of MSC-based bone regeneration, inspire new research directions, and facilitate the clinical translation of MSC research.
High perioperative lactate levels as a potential predictor for severe acute kidney injury following aortic arch surgery
Authors: Wang Dongxu , Yang Chen , Wang Han , Ye Mengmeng , Xue Chao , Wang Weiguang , Yu Bo , Ren Kai , Jin Zhenxiao , Yu Shiqiang , Duan Weixun
Published: January 2025

Background

Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a life-threatening condition that often requires total aortic arch replacement (TAR) combined with frozen elephant trunk (FET) implantation. Despite advancements in surgical techniques and preoperative management, postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a prevalent complication that significantly affects patient prognosis, particularly severe AKI. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of perioperative lactate levels in severe postoperative AKI after TAR.

Methods

A cohort analysis of 328 patients who underwent TAR with frozen elephant trunk implantation at Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, China, between September 2019 and September 2023 was conducted. Patients were categorized according to AKI severity into non-AKI, mild-AKI, and severe-AKI cohorts, and lactate levels were measured at nine perioperative time points. The primary endpoint was severe AKI (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes stage 3). Uni-and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for severe AKI. Subgroup analysis substantiated the robustness of lactate levels in predicting severe AKI.

Results

In total, 45.4% of patients developed mild AKI postoperatively and 20.7% developed severe AKI. Patients with severe postoperative AKI exhibited higher preoperative lactate levels. Multivariate stepwise backward logistic regression analysis identified lactate levels at 12 h postoperatively ([Lacpo12h], cutoff value: 3.3 mmol/L; sensitivity: 63.2%; specificity: 72.3%) as an independent predictor of severe AKI. The subgroup analysis underscored the consistent predictive capacity of Lacpo12h. The 30-day mortality rate was markedly elevated in the severe-AKI cohort, with deceased patients exhibiting a significantly higher Lacpo12h.

Conclusion

Among patients with acute type A aortic dissection undergoing TAR, high perioperative lactate levels were closely associated with postoperative AKI. Lacpo12h is a reliable and effective predictor of severe postoperative AKI, highlighting its clinical utility in risk stratification and management strategies.
Increased platelet aggregation in hepatic tissue of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease—an observational study
Authors: Fan Rongshan , Li Yandong , Du Zeng
Published: January 2025

Objective

The study aimed to observe the quantity of platelet aggregation in the hepatic tissue of patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and its relationship with hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and fatty degeneration.

Methods

Clinical data of 55 patients with MAFLD and 25 patients without MAFLD, admitted to the Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from December 2020 to May 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. Liver tissue obtained by liver biopsy underwent routine pathological examination. Immunohistochemical staining with CD63 antibody was performed to label platelets in the liver tissue. Clinical, liver pathology, and immunohistochemical staining data of the study subjects were statistically analyzed using unpaired t-test.

Results

The quantity of platelet aggregation in the hepatic tissue was higher in MAFLD patients than in non-MAFLD patients and was related to the degree of hepatic inflammation but not to the degree of hepatic fibrosis or fatty degeneration.

Conclusion

The quantity of platelet aggregation in hepatic tissue was increased in patients with MAFLD and was related to the degree of hepatic inflammation,
Proteomics analysis reveals age-related proteins in the urine of chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Xiong Lin , Wu Changwei , Chen Sipei , Zhang Yong , Wang Li , Li Yi , Li Guisen
Published: January 2025

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is closely linked to the aging process, making the identification of protein biomarkers that reflect aging in specific organs and tissues crucial for a deeper understanding of this phenomenon. This study aimed to identify potential aging-related proteins present in the urine of CKD patients. Utilizing liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) proteomic analysis, we identified a total of 1,712 proteins in the urine samples from both healthy controls and CKD patients in our discovery cohort. Among the 845 proteins that overlapped, we found that 161 proteins were associated with aging. By applying a threshold of p < 0.05 and |log2 (fold change) | > 1.5, we classified 114 proteins as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The analyzes conducted using the Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes revealed that DEPs were significantly enriched in several clusters related to aging. In the validation cohort, we demonstrated that patients with CKD exhibited lower urinary levels of L-selectin (SELL), uromodulin (UMOD), and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Additionally, a significant negative correlation was found between age and EGF levels. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) showed a significant positive correlation with SELL, UMOD, and EGF, while 24-h proteinuria showed a significant negative correlation with both UMOD and EGF. Furthermore, both UMOD and EGF were significantly negatively correlated with tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and EGF was significantly negatively correlated with glomerulosclerosis. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the promise of LC–MS/MS-based urine proteomics analysis in identifying aging-related protein markers. Specifically, SELL, UMOD, and EGF have been recognized as promising indicators of aging in patients with CKD.
Anti-caries effect of a novel elastic silicone appliance material incorporating sodium fluoride
Authors: Yu Shuxing , Zhang Lingyu , Ma Qizhao , Zhou Jing , Liu Yaqi , Zou Jing , Zhang Qiong
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study developed an elastic silicone appliance material incorporating sodium fluoride (NaF) and evaluated its mechanical properties, biocompatibility, antibacterial effects, and remineralization potential.

Methods

Silicone components A and B were combined with varying concentrations of NaF (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%), thoroughly mixed, and transferred into molds. After drying and curing, the resulting orthodontic appliance was retrieved from the mold and underwent finishing processes, followed by the assessment of its mechanical properties, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial impact. Additionally, the impact of this novel silicone appliance material on salivary biofilm’s activity and acid production was evaluated in samples from children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). The hardness of demineralized and remineralized bovine enamel was measured.

Results

Incorporating NaF (0.5, 1, and 1.5%) resulted in no cytotoxic effects, with cell viability >85%. The fluoride release rate initially increased over 14 days, followed by a gradual decline, maintaining a steady release for approximately 28 days. Incorporating 1.5% NaF preserved the mechanical properties and exhibited specific antibacterial properties that inhibited the growth, biofilm formation, and acid production activity of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and saliva biofilms from S-ECC children. Furthermore, all concentrations of the samples helped improve enamel hardness loss.

Discussion

The novel silicone appliance material incorporating NaF exhibited antibacterial, fluoride releasing, and enamel remineralization properties while maintaining its physical and chemical integrity without cytotoxic effects.
Enhanced bioelectrochemical degradation of Thiabendazole using biostimulated Tunisian hypersaline sediments: kinetics, efficiency, and microbial community shifts
Authors: Saidi Nesrine , Erable Benjamin , Etchevery Luc , Cherif Ameur , Chouchane Habib
Published: January 2025

Thiabendazole (TBZ), a recalcitrant fungicide, is frequently applied in postharvest fruit treatment and generates significant volumes of industrial wastewater (WW) that conventional treatment plants cannot handle. This explores a bioelectrochemical system (BES) for TBZ degradation using Tunisian hypersaline sediments (THSs) as inoculum. Four sets of BES, along with biological controls, were tested using THS subjected to different levels of TBZ biostimulation. Sediments underwent one, two, or three biostimulation phases with increasing TBZ concentrations (0, 10, 100, and 300 mg kg−1). Potentiostatic control was applied to BES, polarized at 0.1 V vs. saturated calomel reference electrode (SCE), with a carbon felt working electrode (72 cm2 L−1) and maintained at 25°C. While current production was very low, sediments biostimulated with 100 mg kg−1 kg TBZ produced the highest current density (3.2 mA m−2), a 5-fold increase over untreated sediments (0.6 mA m−2). GC-FID analysis showed >99% TBZ degradation in all reactors. The TBZ half-elimination time from 27 days with biological treatments to 19 days in BES and further to 6 days following biostimulation. Bacterial analysis revealed a substantial microbial community shift after biostimulation, with a reduction in Bacillota (−64%) and an increase in Proteobacteria (+62%), dominated by Pseudomonas (45%) and Marinobacter (16%). These findings provide insight into the selective potential of biostimulation cycles to enhance microbial community composition and improve BES performance for TBZ wastewater treatment.
Identification and validation of reference genes for quantitative gene expression analysis under 409 and 415 nm antimicrobial blue light treatment
Authors: Kruszewska-Naczk Beata , Grinholc Mariusz , Rapacka-Zdonczyk Aleksandra
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction Q7 (RT‒qPCR) is a commonly used tool for gene expression quantification. Because the qPCR method depends on several variables that can influence the analysis process, stably expressed genes should be selected for relative gene expression studies. To date, there is insufficient information on the selection of appropriate reference genes for antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) and antimicrobial blue light (aBL) treatment. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the most stable reference gene under treatment with aBL under sublethal conditions and to evaluate differences in the expression of the selected gene after aBL treatment in comparison to the nontreated control.

Methods

Selection of stable reference genes was performed using 4 programs: BestKeeper, geNorm, NormFinder and RefFinder under 409 and 415 nm aBL treatment.

Results

The results revealed that the gene encoding the integration host factor β subunit (ihfB) in Escherichia coli was the most stably expressed gene after both 409 and 415 nm aBL treatment. Three programs, RefFinder, geNorm, and NormFinder, indicated that this gene had the most stable expression in comparison to the other reference gene candidates. The next best candidates were cysG, uidA, and gyrA. NormFinder revealed ihfB as the single gene and cysG - gyrA as the combination of reference genes with the best stability.

Discussion

Universal reference genes are characterized by stable expression that remains consistent across various stress conditions. Consequently, it is essential to evaluate reference genes for each specific stress factor under investigation. In the case of aBL at different wavelengths, we identified genes that maintain stable expression following irradiation.
Identification and validation of five ferroptosis-related molecular signatures in keloids based on multiple transcriptome data analysis
Authors: Sun Zhen , Qin Yonghong , Zhang Xuanfen
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Keloids are a common skin disorder characterized by excessive fibrous tissue proliferation, which can significantly impact patients’ health. Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death, plays a crucial role in the development of fibrosis; however, its role in the mechanisms of keloid formation remains poorly understood.

Methods

This study aimed to identify key genes associated with ferroptosis in keloid formation. Data from the NCBI GEO database, including GSE145725, GSE7890, and GSE44270, were analyzed, comprising a total of 24 keloid and 17 normal skin samples. Additionally, single-cell data from GSE181316, which included 8 samples with complete expression profiles, were also evaluated. Differentially expressed genes were identified, and ferroptosis-related genes were extracted from the GeneCards database. LASSO regression was used to select key genes associated with keloids. Validation was performed using qRT-PCR and Western blot (WB) analysis on tissue samples from five keloid and five normal skin biopsies.

Results

A total of 471 differentially expressed genes were identified in the GSE145725 dataset, including 225 upregulated and 246 downregulated genes. Five ferroptosis-related genes were selected through gene intersection and LASSO regression. Two of these genes were upregulated, while three were downregulated in keloid tissue. Further analysis through GSEA pathway enrichment, GSVA gene set variation, immune cell infiltration analysis, and single-cell sequencing revealed that these genes were primarily involved in the fibrotic process. The qRT-PCR and WB results confirmed the expression patterns of these genes.

Discussion

This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in keloid formation. The identified ferroptosis-related genes could serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for treating keloids.
The histological development of the fetal human inferior colliculus during the second trimester
Authors: Nanda Reetuparna , Bota Mihail , Jayakumar Jaikishan , S Suresh , Lata S. , Kumar E. Harish , Srinivasan Chitra , Vasudevan Sudha , Jayaraman Kumutha , Sivaprakasam Mohanasankar , Verma Richa
Published: January 2025

The inferior colliculus (IC) is an important midbrain station of the auditory pathway, as well as an important hub of multisensory integration. The adult mammalian IC can be subdivided into three nuclei, with distinct cyto- and myeloarchitectonical profiles and distinct calcium binding proteins expression patterns. Despite several studies about its structural and functional development, the knowledge about the human fetal IC is rather limited. In this paper we first systematically describe the histological development of the human fetal IC and its subparts in five stages of the second trimester of pregnancy: 15 gestation weeks (GW), 18 GW, 21 GW, 24 GW, and 27 GW. We 3D reconstruct and calculate the volumetric growth of IC from one stage to another, which increases from 12.85 mm3 at 15 GW to 34.27 mm3 at 27 GW in the left hemisphere. The volumetric changes in the IC were further evaluated at the cellular level using serial Nissl-stained sections, as well as glial fibrillary acidic proteins (GFAP) and calretinin immunohistochemistry. We identify stellate-like and round neurons in the central nucleus of the IC (CNIC) at 24 GW and 27 GW, comparable to the adult human IC. Novel in this study, we investigate the differential calretinin expression patterns in the IC subparts, from 15 GW to 27 GW. CR labeling is identified mainly in the cortical IC rather than in the central nucleus. Furthermore, using GFAP, we describe the radial glial fibers patterns in IC, which are dominant at 18 GW and gradually taper off at later developmental stages. Finally, we describe the development of astroglia in each of the five developmental stages. All these results indicate that the human fetal IC development and cellular maturation occur in two major stages during the second trimester.
Dynamic in situ control of heat rectification in graphene nano-ribbons using voltage-controlled strain
Authors: Shiri Daryoush , Isacsson Andreas
Published: January 2025

An increasing number of papers propose routes to implement thermal counterparts of electronic rectification. These schemes are mainly based on combinations of crystal anharmonicity and broken mirror symmetry. With respect to graphene, proposals pivot around shape asymmetry induced by using hetero-structures of nano-patterned or defected sections of pristine graphene. Using Molecular Dynamics (MD) we show that it suffices to split a graphene nano-ribbon into two unequal strained sections using external force which leads to large asymmetry in the forward and reverse heat fluxes. We find that the corresponding rectification ratio is enhanced by up to 60%. Also, and more importantly, the polarity is controllable on-the-fly i.e., by changing the position where the force is applied. Based upon our results we propose a thermo-electric device which obviates the complex nano-patterning and lithography required to pattern graphene every time a new rectification value or sign is sought for, opening a route to simpler fabrication and characterization of phononic phenomena in 2D materials.
Nerve repair with polylactic acid and inosine treatment enhance regeneration and improve functional recovery after sciatic nerve transection
Authors: Cardoso Fellipe Soares dos Santos , Maria Guilherme dos Santos , Pestana Fernanda Marques , Cardoso Ricardo , Ramalho Bruna dos Santos , Heringer Luiza dos Santos , Taboada Tiago Bastos , Martinez Ana Maria Blanco , de Almeida Fernanda Martins
Published: January 2025

Background

Following transection, nerve repair using the polylactic acid (PLA) conduit is an effective option. In addition, inosine treatment has shown potential to promote nerve regeneration. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the regenerative potential of inosine after nerve transection and polylactic acid conduit repair.

Methods

C57/Black6 mice were subjected to sciatic nerve transection, repair with PLA conduit, and intraperitoneal injection of saline or inosine 1 h after injury and daily for 1 week. To assess motor and sensory recovery, functional tests were performed before and weekly up to 8 weeks after injury. Following, to evaluate the promotion of regeneration and myelination, electroneuromyography, morphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry were then performed.

Results

Our results showed that the inosine group had a greater number of myelinated nerve fibers (1,293 ± 85.49 vs. 817 ± 89.2), an increase in neurofilament high chain (NFH) and myelin basic protein (MBP) immunolabeling and a greater number of fibers within the ideal g-ratio (453.8 ± 45.24 vs. 336.6 ± 37.01). In addition, the inosine group presented a greater adenosine A2 receptor (A2AR) immunolabeling area. This resulted in greater compound muscle action potential amplitude and nerve conduction velocity, leading to preservation of muscle and neuromuscular junction integrity, and consequently, the recovery of motor and sensory function.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that inosine may enhance regeneration and improve both motor and sensory function recovery after nerve transection when repaired with a poly-lactic acid conduit. This advances the understanding of biomaterials and molecular treatments.
Evolutionary origins of synchronization for integrating information in neurons
Authors: Shibata Takashi , Hattori Noriaki , Nishijo Hisao , Takahashi Tsutomu , Higuchi Yuko , Kuroda Satoshi , Takakusaki Kaoru
Published: January 2025

The evolution of brain-expressed genes is notably slower than that of genes expressed in other tissues, a phenomenon likely due to high-level functional constraints. One such constraint might be the integration of information by neuron assemblies, enhancing environmental adaptability. This study explores the physiological mechanisms of information integration in neurons through three types of synchronization: chemical, electromagnetic, and quantum. Chemical synchronization involves the diffuse release of neurotransmitters like dopamine and acetylcholine, causing transmission delays of several milliseconds. Electromagnetic synchronization encompasses action potentials, electrical gap junctions, and ephaptic coupling. Electrical gap junctions enable rapid synchronization within cortical GABAergic networks, while ephaptic coupling allows structures like axon bundles to synchronize through extracellular electromagnetic fields, surpassing the speed of chemical processes. Quantum synchronization is hypothesized to involve ion coherence during ion channel passage and the entanglement of photons within the myelin sheath. Unlike the finite-time synchronization seen in chemical and electromagnetic processes, quantum entanglement provides instantaneous non-local coherence states. Neurons might have evolved from slower chemical diffusion to rapid temporal synchronization, with ion passage through gap junctions within cortical GABAergic networks potentially facilitating both fast gamma band synchronization and quantum coherence. This mini-review compiles literature on these three synchronization types, offering new insights into the physiological mechanisms that address the binding problem in neuron assemblies.
Association between deep gray matter iron deposition and clinical symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a quantitative susceptibility mapping study
Authors: Zhao Hui , Ji Qiu-Hong , Jia Zhong-Zheng , Shen Li-Hua
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the association between motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and iron accumulation within the deep gray matter of the brain by Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM).

Methods

Fifty-six PD patients and twenty-nine healthy controls were recruited in this study. According to the Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) stage score, PD patients were divided into early stage (H-Y ≤ 2) and advanced stage (H-Y > 2) groups. Specifically, the Regions of Interest (ROIs) encompassed the substantia nigra (SN), red nucleus (RN), caudate nucleus (CN), globus pallidus (GP) and putamen (PT). Meanwhile, various rating scales were used to assess the clinical symptoms of PD.

Results

Compared to healthy controls (HCs), PD patients showed a significant increase in magnetic susceptibility values (MSVs) within the SN and GP. Further comparisons indicated that the MSVs of the SN, PT, GP and CN are all higher in advanced stages than in early stages. Significant positive correlations were observed between the MSVs of the SN and scores on the UPDRS-III, HAMA, and HAMD (r = 0.310, p = 0.020; r = 0.273, p = 0.042; r = 0.342, p = 0.010, respectively). Likewise, the MSVs of the GP demonstrated notable correlations with HAMA and HAMD scores (r = 0.275, p = 0.040; r = 0.415, p = 0.001). Additionally, a significant correlation was found between the MSVs of the PT and HAMD scores (r = 0.360, p = 0.006). Furthermore, we identified a significant negative correlation between MMSE scores and the MSVs of both the PT and GP (r = −0.268, p = 0.046; r = −0.305, p = 0.022).

Conclusion

Our study revealed that QSM possesses the capability to serve as a biomarker for PD. Significant correlations were found between clinical features and the iron deposition in the nigrostriatal system.
Evaluation of circadian rhythm and prognostic variability pre-and post-CEA or CAS treatment in patients with carotid artery stenosis
Authors: Quan Yi , Wang Zhongzhu , Zhang Tao , Sui Yanyong , Zhang Xin , Ji Xueliang , Liu Ao-fei , Jiang Weijian
Published: January 2025

Objective

Carotid artery stenosis, primarily caused by atherosclerosis, is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) are established interventions to reduce stroke risk and restore cerebral blood flow. However, the effect of these treatments on circadian rhythms, and their influence on stroke recovery, remains underexplored. This study aims to assess how disruptions in circadian rhythms—specifically sleep quality and blood pressure variability—impact recovery in patients undergoing CEA or CAS.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study involving 177 patients with carotid artery stenosis, all treated with either CEA or CAS. Patients were followed for 90 days post-treatment, with neurological outcomes evaluated using the NIHSS Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Circadian rhythm-related factors, including sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]) and blood pressure variability (daytime systolic and nighttime diastolic BP), were assessed pre-and post-treatment. Stepwise regression was used to identify predictors of stroke recovery.

Results

In a cohort of 177 patients with symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic stenosis, stepwise regression identified post-treatment changes in PSQI, nighttime diastolic blood pressure, and the presence of coronary heart disease as significant independent predictors of poor neurological outcomes (p < 0.001). Both CEA and CAS significantly improved daytime systolic (p < 0.01) and nighttime diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.01). Patients with poorer prognosis had higher post-treatment PSQI scores (p < 0.001). Additionally, increased physical activity after treatment was linked to improved neurological recovery.

Conclusion

This study highlights the critical role of circadian rhythm regulation and cardiovascular health in stroke recovery following CEA or CAS. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that sleep quality, blood pressure stability, and coronary heart disease were key predictors of neurological outcomes, underscoring the importance of integrating circadian rhythm management into rehabilitation strategies. These results provide a robust scientific foundation for further investigation into the role of circadian rhythms in clinical practice.
How learning to read Braille in visual and tactile domains reorganizes the sighted brain
Authors: Gaca Maciej , Olszewska Alicja M. , Droździel Dawid , Kulesza Agnieszka , Paplińska Małgorzata , Kossowski Bartosz , Jednoróg Katarzyna , Matuszewski Jacek , Herman Aleksandra M. , Marchewka Artur
Published: January 2025

Learning tactile Braille reading leverages cross-modal plasticity, emphasizing the brain’s ability to reallocate functions across sensory domains. This neuroplasticity engages motor and somatosensory areas and reaches language and cognitive centers like the visual word form area (VWFA), even in sighted subjects following training. No study has employed a complex reading task to monitor neural activity during the first weeks of Braille training. Since neuroplasticity can occur within days, understanding neural reorganization during early learning stages is critical. Moreover, such activation was not tested in visual and tactile domains using comparable tasks. Furthermore, implicit reading has not been studied in tactile Braille. Although visual reading in the native script occurs automatically, it remains uncertain whether the same applies to tactile reading. An implicit reading task could extend the knowledge of linguistic processing in Braille. Our study involved 17 sighted adults who learned Braille for 7 months and 19 controls. The experimental group participated in 7 testing sessions (1 week before the course, on the first day, after 1 and 6 weeks, after 3 and 7 months, and after 3 month-long hiatus). Using the fMRI Lexical Decision Task, we observed increased activity within the reading network, including the inferior frontal and supramarginal gyri, 1 week into learning in tactile and visual Braille. Interestingly, VWFA activation was observed after 1 week in the visual domain but only after 6 weeks in the tactile domain. This suggests that skill level in tactile reading influences the onset of involvement of VWFA. Once this activation was achieved, the peak level of VWFA engagement remained stable, even after the follow-up. Furthermore, an implicit reading task revealed increased activity within the reading network, including the VWFA, among participants learning Braille compared to the passive controls. Possibly, implicit reading occurs during non-reading tactile tasks where the Braille alphabet is present. We showed that the VWFA activity peak occurs faster in the visual domain compared to the tactile domain. We also showed that sighted subjects can process tactile Braille implicitly. These results enrich our understanding of neural adaptation mechanisms and the interplay between sensory modalities during complex, cross-modal learning.
Feasibility and potential diagnostic value of [18F]PI-2620 PET in patients with down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease: a case series
Authors: Wagemann Olivia , Brendel Matthias , Franzmeier Nicolai , Nübling Georg , Gnörich Johannes , Zaganjori Mirlind , Prix Catharina , Stockbauer Anna , Wlasich Elisabeth , Loosli Sandra V. , Sandkühler Katja , Frontzkowski Lukas , Höglinger Günter , Levin Johannes
Published: January 2025

Purpose of the report

Adults with Down Syndrome (DS) have a substantially increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) due to the triplicated amyloid-precursor-protein gene on chromosome 21, resulting in amyloid and tau accumulation. However, tau PET assessments are not sufficiently implemented in DS-AD research or clinical work-up, and second-generation tau tracers such as [18F]PI-2620 have not been thoroughly characterized in adults with DS. We aim at illustrating feasibility and potential diagnostic value of tau PET imaging with [18F]PI-2620 for the diagnosis of DS-AD.

Materials and methods

Five adults with DS (40% female, aged 43–62) and cognitive decline underwent clinical assessments, neuropsychological testing, lumbar puncture and multimodal neuroimaging. All underwent [18F]PI-2620 tau PET. Visual read of tau PET scans was performed by three blinded raters, assessing increased tracer uptake in brain areas corresponding to the six Braak stage regions and basal ganglia.

Results

Visual read of tau burden revealed three tau-positive individuals which corresponded to their clinical decline while two cognitively stable individuals were rated as negative. Rating showed high inter-rater reliability for all Braak stages.

Conclusion

Tau PET imaging is a feasible and important biomarker assessment in the differential diagnosis of cognitive decline in adults with DS at risk of developing AD.
Determinants of adoption of quality protein maize varieties in Misrak Badewacho District, Southern Ethiopia: policy implications
Authors: Jambo Yilma , Daka Alemu , Nega Berhanu
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to identify the determinants of adoption of quality protein maize (QPM) varieties. QPM varieties are promoted as a solution to the problem of undernutrition, and their adoption is especially important in areas where maize is a nutritional staple food source. This study employed a cross-sectional design. A multistage sampling procedure was used to collect primary data from 143 sampled maize producers, which were analyzed using SPSS version 22. A binary logit model was used to identify major determinants. The results indicated that access to QPM seed, land size, on-farm income, involvement in off/non-farm activities, frequency of contact with development agents (Das), educational level of the household head, and participation of farmers on field days were statistically significant determinants of QPM variety adoption. Credit use was also a significant determinant of the adoption of QPM varieties but showed a negative influence. Therefore, this study recommends that all relevant stakeholders working at different levels in QPM production and extension pay attention to the factors that could affect farmers’ decisions to adopt QPM in the study area. Furthermore, all concerned bodies should work together to enhance the adoption of QPM varieties.
The effect of Coriandrum sativum L. on yogurt: a comprehensive study of physicochemical, microbiological, sensory, and textural properties
Authors: Turgut Tamer , Diler Abdulkerim
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the addition of Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) on the physicochemical, sensory, textural and microbiological properties of yogurt.

Methods

To conduct this study, 4 types of yogurt were prepared as control (C0) and with 1% (C1), 2% (C2) and 3% (C3) coriander, and the yogurts were analyzed on specific storage days.

Results

The addition of coriander significantly influenced some physiochemical parameters (syneresis, titratable acidity) of yogurts (p < 0.05). The storage time significantly affected the water holding capacity (WHC), syneresis and titratable acidity (TA). The TA of the yogurts increased during storage. The addition of coriander significantly influenced the color parameters (ΔE, C* and YI) of yogurts (p < 0.05). The results of the statistical analysis indicated that storage time had a significant effect on the viability of yogurt bacteria (p < 0.05). While the number of Lactobacillus bulgaricus decreased, an increase was observed in the number of Streptococcus thermophilus. The number of both yogurt bacteria remained above 7.46 log cfu/g throughout storage. The addition of coriander to yogurt led to changes in the number of yogurt bacteria. When the texture parameters of the yogurts were compared, no significant difference was seen between the yogurts. The sensory evaluation showed that yogurts with coriander had a higher overall acceptability than C0 yogurts.

Conclusion

The results of the research indicate that the addition of coriander has a positive effect on the quality of yogurt. The results of this study suggest that the inclusion of coriander and other similar aromatic plants in yogurt production could be beneficial in terms of producing functional yogurt and the potential uses of these plants should be investigated.
Shatavari supplementation during eight weeks of resistance training increases training load, enhances skeletal muscle contractility and alters the skeletal muscle proteome in older women
Authors: Greed Elsa , Pritchard Jack , Struszczak Lauren , Bozbaş Esra , Ek Georgia , Acheson Jordan , Winney Ben , Qadir Aaliyah , Wong Karl Ka-Lam , Bowtell Joanna , O’Leary Mary
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Shatavari is a herbal dietary supplement that may increase skeletal muscle strength in younger and older adults. Shatavari contains compounds with both estradiol-like and antioxidant properties, which could enhance muscle function. Postmenopausal women may derive the greatest benefit, as estrogen deficiency adversely impacts skeletal muscle function. However, mechanistic insights are limited and the effects of shatavari on muscle function require further characterization.

Methods

In this randomized, double-blind trial, 17 young (23 ± 5 yr) and 22 older (63 ± 5 yr) women completed an 8-week leg resistance training programme. They consumed either a placebo or shatavari (1000 mg/d, equivalent to 26,500 mg/d fresh weight) supplement throughout. Pre and post training, measures of leg strength, neuromuscular function and vastus lateralis (VL) biopsies were obtained. Tandem-mass-tagged VL proteomic analyses were performed. Data were analyzed using a differential expression (Reactome) approach.

Results

Shatavari supplementation increased 8-week training load in older women (leg press repetitions completed, p = 0.049, ηp2 = 0.198; maximum weight lifted each week, p = 0.03, ηp2 = 0.386; ANCOVA). There was no effect of shatavari on muscle strength post-training. VL half relaxation time was shortened post-training in older women supplemented with shatavari (post-training change: shatavari −11.74 ± 11.93%, placebo 0.42 ± 14.73%, p = 0.021; ANCOVA). Shatavari supplementation diminished the expression of extracellular matrix proteins in both cohorts. Expression of proteins related to striated muscle contraction, transcription and translation were decreased by shatavari supplementation in older women.

Discussion

These novel observations support the notion that shatavari supplementation confers resistance to neuromuscular fatigue in older women. This could ameliorate sarcopenic declines in skeletal muscle function.