bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Ozone against Phosphine Susceptible and Resistant Strains of Four Stored-Product Insect Species
Authors: E Xinyi , Subramanyam Bhadriraju , Li Beibei
Published: April 2017

The efficacy of ozone was evaluated against four economically-important stored-product insect species at 27.2 C and 20.4% r.h. Adults of phosphine-susceptible laboratory strains and phosphine-resistant field strains of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus), maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, and rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus), were exposed in vials to an ozone concentration of 0.42 g/m3 (200 ppm) for 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h with 0 and 10 g of wheat. Initial and final mortalities were assessed 1 and 5 d after exposure to ozone, respectively. After an 8–12-h exposure to ozone, initial mortality of Sitophilus spp. and O. surinamensis was 100%, whereas the highest initial mortality of T. castaneum was 90%. A 3–4-h exposure to ozone resulted in 100% final mortality of Sitophilus spp., whereas O. surinamensis required a 6- to 10-h exposure to ozone. Adults of T. castaneum were least susceptible to ozone, and after a 10-h exposure, mortality ranged between 82 and 95%. Time for the 5 d 99% mortality (LT99) for adults of laboratory and field strains of Sitophilus spp., O. surinamensis and T. castaneum were 2.00–5.56, 4.33–11.18 and 14.35–29.89 h, respectively. The LT99 values for adults of T. castaneum and O. surinamensis were not significantly different between bioassays conducted with 0 and 10 g of wheat. The LT99 values for the laboratory strains of Sitophilus spp. in the absence of wheat were significantly lower than those obtained in the presence of wheat. Both phosphine-susceptible and -resistant strains were equally susceptible to ozone. Ozone effectively suppressed adult progeny production of all four species. Ozone is a viable alternative fumigant to control phosphine-resistant strains of these four species.
Factors Affecting Species Identifications of Blow Fly Pupae Based upon Chemical Profiles and Multivariate Statistics
Authors: Kranz William , Carroll Clinton , Dixon Darren , Goodpaster John , Picard Christine
Published: April 2017

Alternative methods for the identification of species of blow fly pupae have been developed over the years that consist of the analyses of chemical profiles. However, the effect of biotic and abiotic factors that could influence the predictive manner for the tests have not been evaluated. The lipids of blowfly pupae (Cochliomyia macellaria, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, and Phormia regina) were extracted in pentane, derivatized, and analyzed by total-vaporization solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TV-SPME GC-MS). Peak areas for 26 compounds were analyzed. Here we evaluated one biotic factor (colonization) on four species of blow flies to determine how well a model produced from lipid profiles of colonized flies predicted the species of flies of offspring of wild-caught flies and found very good species identification following 10 generations of inbreeding. When we evaluated four abiotic factors in our fly rearing protocols (temperature, humidity, pupation substrate, and diet), we found that the ability to assign the chemical profile to the correct species was greatly reduced.
Exacerbations in COPD Patients with Bronchiectasis
Authors: Minov Jordan , Stoleski Saso , Mijakoski Dragan , Vasilevska Kristin , Atanasovska Aneta
Published: April 2017

There is evidence that coexisting bronchiectasis (BE) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) aggravates the course of the disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency and severity of bacterial exacerbations in COPD patients with BE. The frequency and duration of bacterial exacerbations treated in a 12‐month period, as well as the duration of the exacerbation‐free interval, were evaluated in 54 patients with COPD (Group D) who were diagnosed and assessed according to official recommendations. In 27 patients, BE was diagnosed by high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT), whereas an equal number of COPD patients who were confirmed negative for BE by HRCT, served as controls. We found a significantly higher mean number of exacerbations in a 12‐month period in COPD patients with BE (2.9 ± 0.5), as compared to their mean number in controls (2.5 ± 0.3) (p = 0.0008). The mean duration of exacerbation, i.e. the mean number of days elapsed before complete resolution of the symptoms or their return to the baseline severity, was significantly longer in COPD patients with BE as compared to their mean duration in controls (6.9 ± 1.8 vs. 5.7 ± 1.4; p = 0.0085). In addition, the mean exacerbation‐free interval expressed in days, in patients with COPD with BE, was significantly shorter than in COPD patients in whom BE were excluded (56.4 ± 17.1 vs. 67.2 ± 14.3; p = 0.0149). Overall, our findings indicate that coexisting BE in COPD patients may lead to more frequent exacerbations with a longer duration.
Aluminium Production Process: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Alamdari Houshang
Published: April 2017

Aluminium, with more than 50 Mt annual production in 2016, is an essential material in modern engineering designs of lightweight structures.[...]
Numerical Investigation of Caved Rock Mass Friction and Fragmentation Change Influence on Gravity Flow Formation in Sublevel Caving
Authors: Lapčević Veljko , Torbica Slavko
Published: April 2017

Metal grade dilution is the main production disadvantage of the sublevel caving method, and overcoming this problem has been investigated over the years using different methodologies. Herein, numerical simulation using the discrete element method is used to analyze the influence of friction and fragmentation change in caved rock mass on ore dilution and recovery. The individual and mutual change of each parameter is analyzed. It is considered that at the beginning, the friction angle can be lower or higher than the basic friction angle, and after a certain moment, it will come close to the basic friction value, while fragmentation always decreases. The results showed that both friction and fragmentation, when decreasing, are influencing the higher dilution due to smaller kinematic resistance in the caved mass. If lower friction than the basic one is considered, with the drop of fragmentation, the decrease of dilution occurs. Once the basic friction angle is reached, the fragmentation of the caved mass becomes the dominant influencing factor, and its decrease will continuously increase the dilution until the end of production. However, identifying periods when these changes occur, the possibility for better production planning opens at the design stage, as well as the application of different sublevel designs.
Migration Behavior of Lithium during Brine Evaporation and KCl Production Plants in Qarhan Salt Lake
Authors: Song Weijun , Gang Hongze , Ma Yuanqing , Yang Shizhong , Mu Bozhong
Published: April 2017

Lithium-brine is an important potential source of lithium. Much research and investigation has been carried out aimed at lithium recovery from brine. Although the distribution and occurrence status of lithium in brine have important implications for lithium recovery, few reports had correlated to this issue. In this article, a study was carried out to explore the lithium migration behavior during brine evaporation and KCl production process at Qarhan Salt Lake. The occurrence status of lithium both in fresh mined brine and residual brine after evaporation were also speculated by means of lithium concentration evaluation and theoretical calculation based on the Pitzer electrolyte solution theory. Results showed that, for Qarhan brine mined from the Bieletan region, most lithium was enriched in the residual brine during the brine evaporation process. The concentration of lithium in the residual brine could be more than 400 mg/L. More than 99.93% lithium ions in residual brine exist in free ions state and lithium does not precipitate from brine with a density of 1.3649 g/mL. The results also revealed that lithium concentration in wastewater discharged from KCl plants can reach a level of 243.8 mg/L. The investigation results provide a theoretical basis for comprehensive development and utilization of lithium resources in Qarhan Salt Lake.
Bergamot Essential Oil Attenuates Anxiety-Like Behaviour in Rats
Authors: Rombolà Laura , Tridico Laura , Scuteri Damiana , Sakurada Tsukasa , Sakurada Shinobu , Mizoguchi Hirokazu , Avato Pinarosa , Corasaniti Maria , Bagetta Giacinto , Morrone Luigi
Published: April 2017

Preclinical studies have recently highlighted that bergamot essential oil (BEO) is endowed with remarkable neurobiolological effects. BEO can affect synaptic transmission, modulate electroencephalographic activity and it showed neuroprotective and analgesic properties. The phytocomplex, along with other essential oils, is also widely used in aromatherapy to minimize symptoms of stress-induced anxiety and mild mood disorders. However, only limited preclinical evidences are actually available. This study examined the anxiolytic/sedative-like effects of BEO using an open field task (OFT), an elevated plus-maze task (EPM), and a forced swimming task (FST) in rats. This study further compared behavioural effects of BEO to those of the benzodiazepine diazepam. Analysis of data suggests that BEO induces anxiolytic-like/relaxant effects in animal behavioural tasks not superimposable to those of the DZP. The present observations provide further insight to the pharmacological profile of BEO and support its rational use in aromatherapy.
On the Use of ROMOT—A RObotized 3D-MOvie Theatre—To Enhance Romantic Movie Scenes
Authors: Portalés Cristina , Casas Sergio , Vidal-González María , Fernández Marcos
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we introduce the use of ROMOT—a RObotic 3D-MOvie Theatre—to enhance love and sex movie scenes. ROMOT represents the next generation of movie theatres, where scenes are enhanced with multimodal content, also allowing audience interaction. ROMOT is highly versatile as it can support different setups, integrated hardware and content and, thus, it can be easily adapted to different groups and purposes. Regarding the setups, currently, ROMOT supports a traditional movie setup (including first-person movies), a mixed reality environment, a virtual reality interactive environment, and an augmented reality mirror-based scene. Regarding the integrated hardware, the system currently integrates a variety of devices and displays that allow audiences to see, hear, smell, touch, and feel the movement, all synchronized with the film experience. Finally, regarding to content, here we theorize about the use of ROMOT for romantic-related interactive movies. Though the work presented in this sense is rather speculative, it might open new avenues of research and for the film and other creative industries.
Investigating the Origins of Toxic Response in TiO2 Nanoparticle-Treated Cells
Authors: Kuku Gamze , Culha Mustafa
Published: April 2017

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are widely used in sunscreens, cosmetics and body implants, and this raises toxicity concerns. Although a large number of reports claim that they are safe to use, others claim that they induce reactive oxygen species formation and can be carcinogenic. In this study, the origins of toxic response to TiO2 NPs were investigated by using Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) which provides multidimensional information on the cellular dynamics at single cell level without any requirement for cell fixation. Three cell lines of vein (HUVEC), lung carcinoma (A549) and skin (L929) origin were tested for their toxic response upon exposure to 20, 40, 80 and 160 µg/mL anatase-TiO2 NPs for 24 h. It was demonstrated that the level of toxic response is both cell line and dose-dependent. L929 fibroblasts were the most resistant cell line to oxidative stress whereas in HUVEC and A549, cell lines collagen and lipid deformation were observed, respectively.
Neonatal Citrulline Supplementation and Later Exposure to a High Fructose Diet in Rats Born with a Low Birth Weight: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Tran Nhat-Thang , Alexandre-Gouabau Marie-Cécile , Pagniez Anthony , Ouguerram Khadija , Boquien Clair-Yves , Winer Norbert , Darmaun Dominique
Published: April 2017

A low birth weight (LBW) leads to a higher risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Literature suggests that citrulline supplementation in adulthood prevents the effect of a high fructose diet on energy metabolism. Whether neonatal citrulline supplementation would alter early growth or energy metabolism in the long-term in rats with LBW is unknown. LBW pups born from dams fed a low (4%) protein diet, were nursed by normally-fed dams and received isonitrogenous supplements of either l-citrulline or l-alanine by gavage from the sixth day of life until weaning, and were subsequently exposed to 10%-fructose in drinking water from weaning to 90 days of age. The oral glucose tolerance was tested (OGTT) at 70 days of age, and rats were sacrificed at 90 days of age. Pre-weaning citrulline supplementation failed to alter the growth trajectory, OGTT, plasma triglycerides, or fat mass accretion in adulthood; yet, it was associated with increased liver triglycerides, decreased liver total cholesterol, and a distinct liver lipidomic profile that may result in a predisposition to liver disease. We conclude that pre-weaning supplementation with citrulline does not impact early growth, but might impact liver fat metabolism in adulthood upon exposure to a high fructose diet.
Genetic Risk Score of Nine Type 2 Diabetes Risk Variants that Interact with Erythrocyte Phospholipid Alpha-Linolenic Acid for Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Hans: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Zheng Ju-Sheng , Li Kelei , Huang Tao , Chen Yanqiu , Xie Hua , Xu Danfeng , Sun Jianqin , Li Duo
Published: April 2017

Modulation of n-3 fatty acids on genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D) is still not clear. In a case-control study of 622 Chinese T2D patients and 293 healthy controls, a genetic risk score (GRS) was created based on nine T2D genetic variants. Logistic regression was used to examine the interaction of the GRS with erythrocyte phospholipid n-3 fatty acids for T2D risk. Every 1-unit (corresponding to 1 risk allele) increase in GRS was associated with 12% (Odds ratio (OR): 1.12; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.04–1.20) higher risk of T2D. Compared with the lowest quartile, participants had lower T2D risk in the 2nd (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.36–0.84), 3rd (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.38–0.88) and 4th (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.44–1.03) quartile of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) levels. Significant interaction (p-interaction = 0.029) of GRS with ALA for T2D risk was observed. Higher ALA levels were associated with lower T2D risk only among participants within the lowest GRS tertile, with ORs 0.51 (95% CI: 0.26–1.03), 0.44 (95% CI: 0.22–0.89) and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.25–0.96) for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th ALA quartile, compared with the 1st. This study suggests that higher erythrocyte ALA levels are inversely associated with T2D risk only among participants with low T2D genetic risk, with high genetic risk abolishing the ALA-T2D association.
A SAR-Based Index for Landscape Changes in African Savannas
Authors: Braun Andreas , Hochschild Volker
Published: April 2017

Change detection is one of the main applications in earth observation but currently there are only a few approaches based on radar imagery. Available techniques strongly focus on optical data. These techniques are often limited to static analyses of image pairs and are frequently lacking results which address the requirements of the user. Some of these shortcomings include integration of user’s expertise, transparency of methods, and communication of results in a comprehensive understandable way. This study introduces an index describing changes in the savanna ecosystem around the refugee camp Djabal, Eastern Chad, based on a time-series of ALOS PALSAR data between 2007 and 2017. Texture based land-use/land cover classifications are transferred to values of natural resources which include comprehensive pertinent expert knowledge about the contributions of the classes to environmental integrity and human security. Changes between the images are analyzed, within grid cells of one kilometer diameter, according to changes of natural resources and the variability of these changes. Our results show the highest resource availability for the year of 2008 but no general decline in natural resources. Largest loss of resources occurred between 2010 and 2011 but regeneration could be observed in the following years. Neither the settlements nor the wadi areas of high ecologic importance underwent significant changes during the last decade.
A New Spatial Attraction Model for Improving Subpixel Land Cover Classification
Authors: Lu Lizhen , Huang Yanlin , Di Liping , Hang Danwei
Published: April 2017

Subpixel mapping (SPM) is a technique that produces hard classification maps at a spatial resolution finer than that of the input images produced when handling mixed pixels. Existing spatial attraction model (SAM) techniques have been proven to be an effective SPM method. The techniques mostly differ in the way in which they compute the spatial attraction, for example, from the surrounding pixels in the subpixel/pixel spatial attraction model (SPSAM), from the subpixels within the surrounding pixels in the modified SPSAM (MSPSAM), or from the subpixels within the surrounding pixels and the touching subpixels within the central pixel in the mixed spatial attraction model (MSAM). However, they have a number of common defects, such as a lack of consideration of the attraction from subpixels within the central pixel and the unequal treatment of attraction from surrounding subpixels of the same distance. In order to overcome these defects, this study proposed an improved SAM (ISAM) for SPM. ISAM estimates the attraction value of the current subpixel at the center of a moving window from all subpixels within the window, and moves the window one subpixel per step. Experimental results from both Landsat and MODIS imagery have proven that ISAM, when compared with other SAMs, can improve SPM accuracies and is a more efficient SPM technique than MSPSAM and MSAM.
Quantification of Lycopene, β-Carotene, and Total Soluble Solids in Intact Red-Flesh Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Using On-Line Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Tamburini Elena , Costa Stefania , Rugiero Irene , Pedrini Paola , Marchetti Maria
Published: April 2017

A great interest has recently been focused on lycopene and β-carotene, because of their antioxidant action in the organism. Red-flesh watermelon is one of the main sources of lycopene as the most abundant carotenoid. The use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in post-harvesting has permitted us to rapidly quantify lycopene, β-carotene, and total soluble solids (TSS) on single intact fruits. Watermelons, harvested in 2013–2015, were submitted to near-infrared (NIR) radiation while being transported along a conveyor belt system, stationary and in movement, and at different positions on the belt. Eight hundred spectra from 100 samples were collected as calibration set in the 900–1700 nm interval. Calibration models were performed using partial least squares (PLS) regression on pre-treated spectra (derivatives and SNV) in the ranges 2.65–151.75 mg/kg (lycopene), 0.19–9.39 mg/kg (β-carotene), and 5.3%–13.7% (TSS). External validation was carried out with 35 new samples and on 35 spectra. The PLS models for intact watermelon could predict lycopene with R2 = 0.877 and SECV = 15.68 mg/kg, β-carotene with R2 = 0.822 and SECV = 0.81 mg/kg, and TSS with R2 = 0.836 and SECV = 0.8%. External validation has confirmed predictive ability with R2 = 0.805 and RMSEP = 16.19 mg/kg for lycopene, R2 = 0.737 and RMSEP = 0.96 mg/kg for β-carotene, and R2 = 0.707 and RMSEP = 1.4% for TSS. The results allow for the market valorization of fruits.
Miniaturized Real-Time PCR on a Q3 System for Rapid KRAS Genotyping
Authors: Guarnaccia Maria , Iemmolo Rosario , Petralia Salvatore , Conoci Sabrina , Cavallaro Sebastiano
Published: April 2017

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an aggressive human malignancy with a complex genomic landscape harboring KRAS mutations. In 40%–60% of patients with CRC, constantly active KRAS proteins affect the prognosis, surgical strategy, and clinical benefit from therapy with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) agents. For this reason, there is a greater demand for minimally-invasive diagnostic devices to characterize the genetic pattern and prevent the acquired mechanism to drug resistance. The rapid developments in cutting-edge diagnostic techniques are expected to play a growing role in medicine and represent an attractive promise to identify potential responders to personalized medicine. Here we propose a new method to simultaneously detect the main KRAS mutations on the portable real-time PCR Q3 platform. This platform is based on hybrid silicon-plastic technology implemented in a miniaturized chip able to achieve a sample-in answer-out rapid analysis, allowing a new approach to genetic counseling and testing.
What Agriculture Can Learn from Native Ecosystems in Building Soil Organic Matter: A Review
Authors: Crews Timothy , Rumsey Brian
Published: April 2017

Over the last century, researchers and practitioners with diverse backgrounds have articulated the importance of improving soil organic matter (SOM) contents in agricultural soils. More recently, climate change scientists interested in CO2 sinks, and agroecologists interested in ecological intensification have converged on the goal of building SOM stocks in croplands. The challenge is that agriculture itself is responsible for dramatic losses of SOM. When grassland or forest ecosystems are first converted to agriculture, multiple mechanisms result in SOM declines of between 20% and 70%. Two of the most important mechanisms are the reduction in organic matter inputs from roots following the replacement of perennial vegetation with annual crop species, and increases in microbial respiration when tillage breaks open soil aggregates exposing previously protected organic matter. Many agricultural practices such as conservation tillage and integration of cover crops have been shown to achieve some degree of SOM improvement, but in general adoption of these practices falls short of accumulating the SOM stocks maintained by grasslands, forests or other native ecosystems that agriculture replaced. Two of the overarching reasons why native terrestrial ecosystems have achieved greater soil organic matter levels than human agroecosystems are because they direct a greater percentage of productivity belowground in perennial roots, and they do not require frequent soil disturbance. A growing body of research including that presented in this review suggests that developing perennial grain agroecosystems may hold the greatest promise for agriculture to approach the SOM levels that accumulate in native ecosystems. We present calculations that estimate potential soil organic carbon accumulation rates in fields converted from annual to perennial grains of between 0.13 and 1.70 t ha−1 year−1.
Evolution Characteristics of Landscape Ecological Risk Patterns in Coastal Zones in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Li Jialin , Pu Ruiliang , Gong Hongbo , Luo Xu , Ye Mengyao , Feng Baixiang
Published: April 2017

Analyzing evolution characteristics of landscape ecological risk patterns would help establish ecological risk early warning mechanism, reduce the ecological risk probability and promote coastal landscape pattern optimization. In this study, landscape pattern indices were first calculated by using multitemporal Landsat TM images acquired in years 1990, 2000 and 2010, then landscape ecological risk pattern evolution models and the spatiotemporal evolutions of ecological risk patterns of coastal zones in Zhejiang province, China were constructed and analyzed. The results demonstrate that (1) greater changes have taken place in landscape structures during the two decades, and (2) the areas of cropland, sea, woodland and water surface have decreased significantly, while the areas of built-up land, unused land and aquaculture land have increased. In 1990, coastal landscapes were mainly occupied by extremely low and low ecological risk areas. However, by 2010, the low ecological risk area apparently decreased compared to that in 1990, while extremely high and high ecological risk areas increased significantly, occupying spatial regions where originally the extremely low and low ecological risk zones located. Transition rates of ecological risk grades in the second ten years (2000–2010) were significantly lower than in the first ten years (1990–2000). The result suggests that people who originally urged to accelerate coastal landscape exploitation and development have started to concern the ecological environment protection and to pursue a mode that economic development and ecological protection are synchronously conducted.
Control of Thermally Activated Building System Considering Zone Load Characteristics
Authors: Chung Woong June , Park Sang Hoon , Yeo Myoung Souk , Kim Kwang Woo
Published: April 2017

The objectives of this study were to investigate the thermally activated building system (TABS) mechanism for appropriate use of the system and to apply the proper concept of TABS for each zone by using different TABS control strategies. In order to examine the TABS mechanism, dynamic simulation with EnergyPlus was used to model the office building with TABS, because the radiant heat exchange characteristics of the TABS according to the time variable was critical. The typical control concept of TABS, self-regulation, was applied in the simulation by setting the supply water temperature as room setpoint temperature. As a result, the advantage of self-regulation can be amplified by utilizing the entire thermal mass of the TABS, which can be executed by customizing to target a specific type of load. Since the large area of the office building may comprise different loads in different zones, the TABS control according to the different zone loads were proposed. By separating the control strategy from zone to zone, the proposed control strategy improved the thermal comfort by 5%, reduced peak heating load by 10%, reduced cooling load by 36%, and decrease the total energy consumption by 13%. This study demonstrated a possible improvement on self-regulation of TABS with separate zone controls.
LTR-Retrotransposons from Bdelloid Rotifers Capture Additional ORFs Shared between Highly Diverse Retroelement Types
Authors: Rodriguez Fernando , Kenefick Aubrey , Arkhipova Irina
Published: April 2017

Rotifers of the class Bdelloidea, microscopic freshwater invertebrates, possess a highlydiversified repertoire of transposon families, which, however, occupy less than 4% of genomic DNA in the sequenced representative Adineta vaga. We performed a comprehensive analysis of A. vaga retroelements, and found that bdelloid long terminal repeat (LTR)retrotransposons, in addition to conserved open reading frame (ORF) 1 and ORF2 corresponding to gag and pol genes, code for an unusually high variety of ORF3 sequences. Retrovirus-like LTR families in A. vaga belong to four major lineages, three of which are rotiferspecific and encode a dUTPase domain. However only one lineage contains a canonical envlike fusion glycoprotein acquired from paramyxoviruses (non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses), although smaller ORFs with transmembrane domains may perform similar roles. A different ORF3 type encodes a GDSL esterase/lipase, which was previously identified as ORF1 in several clades of non-LTR retrotransposons, and implicated in membrane targeting. Yet another ORF3 type appears in unrelated LTR-retrotransposon lineages, and displays strong homology to DEDDy-type exonucleases involved in 3′-end processing of RNA and single-stranded DNA. Unexpectedly, each of the enzymatic ORF3s is also associated with different subsets of Penelope-like Athena retroelement families. The unusual association of the same ORF types with retroelements from different classes reflects their modular structure with a high degree of flexibility, and points to gene sharing between different groups of retroelements.
The ‘One in a Million’ study: creating a database of UK primary care consultations
Authors: Jepson Marcus , Salisbury Chris , Ridd Matthew J , Metcalfe Chris , Garside Ludivine , Barnes Rebecca K
Published: April 2017

Background

Around 1 million primary care consultations happen in England every day. Despite this, much of what happens in these visits remains a ‘black box’.

Aim

To create an archive of videotaped consultations and linked data based on a large sample of routine face-to-face doctor–patient consultations with consent for use in future research and training.

Design and setting

Cross-sectional study in 12 general practices in the west of England, UK.

Method

Up to two GPs from each practice took part in the study. Over 1 to 2 days, consecutive patients were approached until up to 20 eligible patients for each GP consented to be videotaped. Eligible patients were aged ≥18 years, consulting on their own behalf, fluent in English, and with capacity to consent. GP questionnaires were self-administered. Patient questionnaires were self-administered immediately pre-consultation and post-consultation, and GPs filled in a checklist after each recording. A follow-up questionnaire was sent to patients after 10 days, and data about subsequent related consultations were collected from medical records 3 months later.

Results

Of the 485 patients approached, 421 (86.8%) were eligible. Of the eligible patients, 334 (79.3%) consented to participate and 327 consultations with 23 GPs were successfully taped (307 video, 20 audio-only). Most patients (n = 300, 89.8%) consented to use by other researchers, subject to specific ethical approval.

Conclusion

Most patients were willing to allow their consultations to be videotaped, and, with very few exceptions, to allow recordings and linked data to be stored in a data repository for future use for research and training.
Simple sequence repeat markers for kānuka (Kunzea spp.; Myrtaceae) present in New Zealand
Authors: Goeke Dagmar F. , Mitchell Caroline M. , Lange Claudia , Houliston Gary J.
Published: April 2017

Premise of the study:

We developed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to facilitate population genetic studies on kānuka (Kunzea spp.; Myrtaceae).

Methods and Results:

A shotgun sequencing library was constructed from leaf material of K. robusta using a Roche 454 Junior sequencer, and a total of 3174 putative SSR regions were identified. Sixteen polymorphic markers were optimized for multiplex PCR on 10 endemic New Zealand Kunzea species. Each of these loci cross‐amplified in all tested species. The amplified di‐, tri‐, and pentanucleotide repeats resulted in eight to 24 alleles per locus for a total of 220 specimens. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.18 to 0.77 and 0.33 to 0.82, respectively.

Conclusions:

The SSR markers we produced are valuable for phylogenetic and population studies on all endemic Kunzea spp. and may also be useful for studies on closely related Kunzea species from Australia.
Constraints on Leptophilic Dark Matter from the AMS-02 Experiment
Authors: Cavasonza Leila Ali , Gast Henning , Krämer Michael , Pellen Mathieu , Schael Stefan
Published: April 2017

The annihilation of dark matter particles in the Galactic halo of the Milky Way may lead to cosmic ray signatures that can be probed by the AMS-02 experiment, which has measured the composition and fluxes of charged cosmic rays with unprecedented precision. Given the absence of characteristic spectral features in the electron and positron fluxes measured by AMS-02, we derive upper limits on the dark matter annihilation cross section for leptophilic dark matter models. Our limits are based on a new background model that describes all recent measurements of the energy spectra of cosmic-ray positrons and electrons. For thermal dark matter relics, we can exclude dark matter masses below about 100 GeV. We include the radiation of electroweak gauge bosons in the dark matter annihilation process and compute the antiproton signal that can be expected within leptophilic dark matter models.
The Longevity of Water Ice on Ganymedes and Europas around Migrated Giant Planets
Authors: Lehmer Owen R. , Catling David C. , Zahnle Kevin J.
Published: April 2017

The gas giant planets in the Solar System have a retinue of icy moons, and we expect giant exoplanets to have similar satellite systems. If a Jupiter-like planet were to migrate toward its parent star the icy moons orbiting it would evaporate, creating atmospheres and possible habitable surface oceans. Here, we examine how long the surface ice and possible oceans would last before being hydrodynamically lost to space. The hydrodynamic loss rate from the moons is determined, in large part, by the stellar flux available for absorption, which increases as the giant planet and icy moons migrate closer to the star. At some planet–star distance the stellar flux incident on the icy moons becomes so great that they enter a runaway greenhouse state. This runaway greenhouse state rapidly transfers all available surface water to the atmosphere as vapor, where it is easily lost from the small moons. However, for icy moons of Ganymede’s size around a Sun-like star we found that surface water (either ice or liquid) can persist indefinitely outside the runaway greenhouse orbital distance. In contrast, the surface water on smaller moons of Europa’s size will only persist on timescales greater than 1 Gyr at distances ranging 1.49–0.74 au around a Sun-like star for Bond albedos of 0.2 and 0.8, where the lower albedo becomes relevant if ice melts. Consequently, small moons can lose their icy shells, which would create a torus of H atoms around their host planet that might be detectable in future observations.
Independent Measurements of the Dynamical Masses of Six Galaxy Clusters in the Local Universe
Authors: Lee Jounghun
Published: April 2017

We present independent measurements of the masses of galaxy clusters in the local universe by employing the Dynamical Mass Estimator (DME) originally developed by Falco et al. In the catalog of the galaxy groups/clusters constructed by Tempel et al. from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 10, we search for galaxy clusters as the targets around which neighbor galaxies constitute thin straight filamentary structures in the configuration space spanned by the redshifts and the projected distances. Out of the 29 Sloan clusters that have 100 or more member galaxies, a total of six targets are found to have filamentary structures in their bound zones. For each of the six targets, we construct the profile of the recession velocities of the filament galaxies, which depend on the cluster mass and the angle of the filament relative to the line-of-sight direction. Fitting the constructed profile to the universal formula with constant amplitude and slope, we statistically determine the dynamical mass of each cluster and compare it with previous estimates made using the conventional method. The weak and strong points of the DME, as well as its prospects for measuring the dynamical masses of high-z clusters, are discussed.
A Parametric Study of the Acoustic Mechanism for Core-collapse Supernovae
Authors: Harada A. , Nagakura H. , Iwakami W. , Yamada S.
Published: April 2017

We investigate the criterion for the acoustic mechanism to work successfully in core-collapse supernovae. The acoustic mechanism is an alternative to the neutrino-heating mechanism. It was proposed by Burrows et al., who claimed that acoustic waves emitted by g-mode oscillations in proto-neutron stars (PNS) energize a stalled shock wave and eventually induce an explosion. Previous works mainly studied to which extent the g-modes are excited in the PNS. In this paper, on the other hand, we investigate how strong the acoustic wave needs to be if it were to revive a stalled shock wave. By adding the acoustic power as a new axis, we draw a critical surface, which is an extension of the critical curve commonly employed in the context of neutrino heating. We perform both 1D and 2D parametrized simulations, in which we inject acoustic waves from the inner boundary. In order to quantify the power of acoustic waves, we use the extended Myers theory to take neutrino reactions into proper account. We find for the 1D simulations that rather large acoustic powers are required to relaunch the shock wave, since the additional heating provided by the secondary shocks developed from acoustic waves is partially canceled by the neutrino cooling that is also enhanced. In 2D, the required acoustic powers are consistent with those of Burrows et al. Our results seem to imply, however, that it is the sum of neutrino heating and acoustic powers that matters for shock revival.
First Discoveries of z > 6 Quasars with the DECam Legacy Survey and UKIRT Hemisphere Survey
Authors: Wang Feige , Fan Xiaohui , Yang Jinyi , Wu Xue-Bing , Yang Qian , Bian Fuyan , McGreer Ian D. , Li Jiang-Tao , Li Zefeng , Ding Jiani , Dey Arjun , Dye Simon , Findlay Joseph R. , Green Richard , James David , Jiang Linhua , Lang Dustin , Lawrence Andy , Myers Adam D. , Ross Nicholas P. , Schlegel David J. , Shanks Tom
Published: April 2017

We present the first discoveries from a survey of z ≳ 6 quasars using imaging data from the DECam Legacy Survey (DECaLS) in the optical, the UKIRT Deep Infrared Sky Survey (UKIDSS) and a preliminary version of the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey (UHS) in the near-IR, and ALLWISE in the mid-IR. DECaLS will image 9000 deg2 of sky down to z
AB ∼ 23.0, and UKIDSS and UHS will map the northern sky at 0 < decl. < +60°, reaching J
VEGA ∼ 19.6 (5-σ). The combination of these data sets allows us to discover quasars at redshift z ≳ 7 and to conduct a complete census of the faint quasar population at z ≳ 6. In this paper, we report on the selection method of our search, and on the initial discoveries of two new, faint z ≳ 6 quasars and one new z = 6.63 quasar in our pilot spectroscopic observations. The two new z ∼ 6 quasars are at z = 6.07 and z = 6.17 with absolute magnitudes at rest-frame wavelength 1450 Å being M
1450 = −25.83 and M
1450 = −25.76, respectively. These discoveries suggest that we can find quasars close to or fainter than the break magnitude of the Quasar Luminosity Function (QLF) at z ≳ 6. The new z = 6.63 quasar has an absolute magnitude of M
1450 = −25.95. This demonstrates the potential of using the combined DECaLS and UKIDSS/UHS data sets to find z ≳ 7 quasars. Extrapolating from previous QLF measurements, we predict that these combined data sets will yield ∼200 z ∼ 6 quasars to z
AB < 21.5, ∼1000 z ∼ 6 quasars to z
AB < 23, and ∼30 quasars at z > 6.5 to J
VEGA < 19.5.
Le modèle explicatif des maladies infectieuses associées à la misère et à la pauvreté : l’expérience espagnole et italienne dans la première moitié du XX e siècle
Authors: Pozzi Lucia , Bernabeu-Mestre Josep , Galiana-Sánchez María Eugenia
Published: April 2017

Le travail aborde l’étiologie sociale des maladies infectieuses associées à la pauvreté, maladies dominantes en Espagne et en Italie dans la première moitié du xx e  siècle. La première partie analyse le cadre explicatif de l’interaction entre agents infectieux, individus vulnérables ou susceptibles d’être malades et environnements morbides qui facilitent la contagion par l’action des fomites et des vecteurs passifs des maladies, ainsi que des pratiques et conduites à risque. La deuxième partie explique les fondements des stratégies d’intervention et les mesures de surveillance épidémiologique et sanitaires qui ont permis d’améliorer les conditions d’hygiène et d’agir sur les carences primaires responsables de la prévalence de ces pathologies.
Écrire l’information : la translittéracie, un levier pour (ré-)concilier formes sociales et formes scolaires
Authors: Cordier Anne
Published: April 2017

Cette contribution vise à documenter le rapport à l’écriture de la recherche d’information que l’école développe, en lien avec les formes sociales d’écriture qui sont quotidiennement celles éprouvées par les adolescents. Comment se redessinent les contours du processus d’écriture de l’information aujourd’hui ? En nous appuyant sur le concept de translittéracie, nous montrerons, à partir d’investigations de terrain menées en établissements scolaires, combien le processus d’écriture de la recherche d’information est aujourd’hui ré-agencé et enrichie sous l’influence double des formes sociales et de dispositifs institutionnels. Ce sont de nouvelles compétences scripturales qui sont ainsi mises à jour.
La participation dans les écritures créatives en réseaux : de la réception à la production
Authors: Chapelain Brigitte
Published: April 2017

Les jeunes adultes développent une grande diversité d’expressions et de pratiques créatives qui engagent différentes écritures qu’il s’agisse de fanfictions, de fanarts, de machinimas ou de fansubbing ou du récent développement des chaines you tube. L’échange d’informations, les interprétations et les débats qui s’engagent sur les réseaux sociaux sollicitent également des compétences d’argumentation et des qualités d’imagination. Au regard des évolutions théoriques qui éclairent la notion de participation, nous analysons les modalités et les configurations de l’écriture de certaines expressions créatives, et montrons les connaissances et compétences que celles-ci développent. Nous avons distingué les écritures de contribution, de coopération et de collaboration. Les capacités critiques et les connaissances informationnelles et communicationnelles des jeunes acquises dans la pratique de ces écritures créatives en dehors de l’école devraient être prises en compte dans l’éducation aux « translittératies » et dans la pédagogie des disciplines où savoirs académiques peuvent être associés à des écritures numériques.
« Un français parfumé. » Casanova
Authors: Lahouati Gérard
Published: April 2017

Alors que l’ Histoire de ma vie  de Casanova donne à ses lecteurs l’illusion d’entrer dans un monde de parfums, comment comprendre leur surprenante rareté  ? S’ils apparaissent dans ses pratiques magico-burlesques, les parfums sont en revanche rarement associés à une femme ou à l’érotisme, et jamais la fonction mémorielle d’une odeur n’est mise en scène. La nature même de l’écriture de Casanova et les présupposés actuels de la lecture de son récit permettent peut-être de comprendre ces paradoxes.
Parfums de (petites) femmes : pour une lecture olfactive
Authors: Reverzy Éléonore
Published: April 2017

En étudiant la place et le rôle des parfums dans les fictions de la prostitution du second xix e  siècle, c’est une sémiologie du personnage qu’on met au jour. Parfois ironique, ce mode d’incarnation du personnage qu’est sa représentation olfactive contribue à la séduction narrative. Révélateur, moteur, séducteur, le parfum associé au personnage est comme le leurre qui attire le lecteur dans la fiction et l’invite à une lecture expérientielle.
Grammaire olfactive : les parfums au pluriel
Authors: Wicky Érika
Published: April 2017

Se répandant dans la chaleur des bals et des salles de spectacle, la combinaison de parfums cristallise les craintes des hygiénistes et des moralistes du second xix e  siècle quant à la promiscuité et au mélange social. Jugé désagréable, voire dangereux, le mélange des parfums donne cependant lieu à une poétique de la composition olfactive faisant écho aux harmonies créées par les parfumeurs. Dès lors, comment le parfum se pense-t-il au pluriel, dans ses usages comme dans ses représentations ?
À armes inégales
Authors: Debray Régis
Published: April 2017

Pourquoi, dans notre petit obituaire intellectuel, certains décès émeuvent et montent en « une » et d’autres passent inaperçus en page 27 ? Pourquoi un nom propre brille, tandis qu’un autre reste mat ?
The Psychiatric Consultation-Liaison Service: Function and Follies
Authors: Laurent John , Ostermeyer Britta , Dukes Charles H. , Gleason Ondria
Published: April 2017

In this article, we discuss various models and compositions of consultation-liaison (CL) services, review the process of performing a psychiatric consultation, and provide the reader with some practical pearls for efficiently and successfully providing psychiatric consultation. In discussing this process, we aim to identify risks and mistakes, or follies, that can occur at the interface between physical medicine services and CL psychiatry.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2017;47(4):171–176.]
Definition, Determinants, and Outcomes of Social Connectedness for Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: O'Rourke Hannah M. , Sidani Souraya
Published: April 2017

Social connectedness is critical to older adults' well-being, but is defined inconsistently and its determinants and outcomes have not been comprehensively described. The current scoping review mapped the definitions, determinants, and outcomes of social connectedness for older adults. By identifying the conceptual features described in most articles,
social connectedness
was defined as: the opposite of loneliness, a subjective evaluation of the extent to which one has meaningful, close, and constructive relationships with others (i.e., individuals, groups, and society). Social connectedness is operationalized into: (a) caring about others and feeling cared about by others, and (b) feeling of belonging to a group or community. One's social network and life satisfaction were the most frequently proposed determinant and outcome, respectively. This review resulted in a clear definition of social connectedness and comprehensive description of its possible determinants and outcomes. This clarity will support the development of interventions to enhance social connectedness for older adults. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43
(7), 43–52.]
Factors Associated With Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Rural, Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Shade Marcia Y. , Berger Ann M. , Chaperon Claudia , Haynatzki Gleb , Sobeski Linda , Yates Bernice
Published: April 2017

Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use is a serious public health problem in older adults because it may lead to adverse events. The purpose of the current study was to explore PIM use in rural, community-dwelling older adults. Participants (
N
= 138) underwent one-on-one medication reviews. Approximately one half (49%) of the sample used prescribed and over-the-counter (OTC) PIM. Prescribed and OTC nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (33%) and anticholinergic medications (28%) were the most frequently used PIM. Use of PIM was associated with a higher number of medications (
r
= 0.331,
p
< 0.01), more medical providers (
r
= 0.223,
p
< 0.001), and poor physical health (
r
= −0.193,
p
< 0.05). Higher number of medications increased the probability of PIM use by 85% (odds ratio: 1.8; 95% confidence interval [1.19, 2.84]). Findings highlight the importance of re-evaluating the monitoring of medications in rural, community-dwelling older adults and the need for sustainable interventions to reduce prescribing and OTC PIM use. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43
(9), 21–30.]