bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specyfika nauczania leksyki języka obcego w przypadku uczniów z myśleniem o charakterze klipowym
Authors: Kozieł Joanna
Published: December 2021

Artykuł stanowi próbę przybliżenia zjawiska myślenia klipowego. Termin ten, choć mało rozpowszechniony w polskim dyskursie naukowym, trafnie wskazuje na istotne zmiany, które dokonały się w umysłach pokolenia „cyfrowych tubylców”. W dobie postępującej cyfryzacji coraz częstsze stały się bowiem problemy związane z deficytem uwagi. Z jednej strony obserwuje się tendencję do powierzchownego przyjmowania informacji i generalizacji, co w konsekwencji utrudnia całościowe rozumienie zjawiska, pozbawia umiejętności krytycznego myślenia. Z drugiej zaś strony myślenie klipowe może nieść z sobą pozytywne aspekty. W artykule dokonano próby odnalezienia metod dydaktycznych, rozwijających korzystne strony tego zjawiska, które jednocześnie zwiększają efektywność i atrakcyjność lekcji języka rosyjskiego jako obcego. Jako narzędzie metodologiczne wybrano podejście kognitywne. Przeprowadzona analiza wskazała, że szczególną uwagę należy zwrócić na nauczanie holistyczne oraz ćwiczenie umiejętności wskazywania przyczyn oraz skutków wydarzeń. Następnie autorka przedstawiła typy zadań, które mogą sprzyjać wprowadzaniu danych założeń do glottodydaktyki.
ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE CONFIGURATION SPACE OF CHARGED BLACK HOLES
Authors: Gladush V.D.
Published: December 2021

Some properties of the configuration space (CS) of charged black holes (BH) we are considered. A reduced action for the spherically symmetric configuration of the gravitational and electromagnetic fields is constructed. We restrict ourselves to considering of T-region, where the studied fields have a dynamic meaning. Using the Hamiltonian constraint, we exclude the nondynamic degree of freedom. This leads to the action of the system in the CS with the corresponding supermetric. It turns out that the CS is flat, and its metric admits a twoparametric group of motions. This group generates conservation laws for the geodesic equations. The first law is the charge conservation law, and second is the mass conservation law (the mass function). Using the Hamiltonian constraint, they allow one to find momenta as a function of the field variables andcalculate the action as a function of the conserved quantities and field variables in CS. We emphasize that to find this  action, we use only the integrability condition for a differential form. The quantization of the system is reduced to the  uantization of a free particle in a three-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space. The natural measure corresponding to the CS metric is used to construct the Hermitian DeWitt and mass operators. Based on the self-consistent solution of quantum  DeWitt equations and equations for the eigenvalues of the mass and charge operators, the wave function for the spherically  symmetric configuration of the gravitational and electromagnetic fields in the T- region is constructed. As a result, we get a model of charged BH with continuous mass and charge spectra.
UPDATED CONSTRAINTS ON HEAVY RESONANCES USING THE RUN 2 DATA AT LHC
Authors: Pankov A.A. , Serenkova I.A. , Bednyakov V.A.
Published: December 2021

The full ATLAS and CMS Run 2 data set at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with time- integrated luminosity of 139 fb −1 and 137 fb −1 , re- spectively, in the diboson channel is used to probe benchmark models with extended gauge sectors: theE 6 -motivated Grand Unification models, the left-right symmetric LR and the sequential standard model. These all predict neutral Z' and charged W' vector bosons, decaying into lepton or electroweak gauge boson pairs. We present constraints on the parameter space of the Z' and W' and compare them to those obtained from the previous analyses performed withLHC data collected at 7 and 8 TeV in Run 1 as well as at 13 TeV in Run 2 at time-integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb −1 . We show that proton-proton collision data at √ s = 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS and the CMS experiments allow to set the most stringent bounds to date on Z-Z' and W-W' mixing.
APPLICATION OF PHOTOMETRY TO UNDERSTAND THE BEHAVIOUR OF GEOSTATIONARY OBJECTS ON ORBIT
Authors: Sukhov P.P. , Yepishev V. P. , Motrunich I. I. , Sukhov K. P.
Published: December 2021

One of the challenges of satellite characterization is the ability to not only determine the spacecraft or-bit, but also satellite operating status, orientation, size, bus type, and material properties. Positional observations allow us to determine and/or update orbital elements of satellites, but they do not afford an insight into the behaviour of a satellite in orbit. The article discusses the results of solving the inverse problem of astrophysics. How you can use photometric, astrometric information about a satellite, its lighting conditions, supplemented by additional information, to understand the behavior of a satellite in orbit. The results are shown using examples of four satellites in geostationary orbit. An algorithm for calculating the photometric and dynamic characteristics of geostationary objects is provided.
ONGOING FOLLOW-UP NEA OBSERVATIONS IN UKRAINE AND CHINA USING RDS CCD TECHNIQUE
Authors: Pomazan A.V. , Maigurova N.V. , Shulga A.V. , Tang Z.-H.
Published: December 2021

The current state of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) observations shows an annual increase in the number of newly discovered objects However, the frequency distribution of NEAs by size shows a sharp decrease in the number of objects with size less than 300 m, which contradicts the results of theoretical modeling of the NEA population. Considering definition of potentially hazardous asteroids (PHA), only objects with diameters more than 140 m could pose catastrophic consequences to the Earth and mankind in general. But in the same time, impacts of smaller size objects could lead to significant consequences on local level and their large predicted number increases this probability. Due to their small size which results in faint apparent magnitude, such NEAs are discovered in a short interval of their close approach (CA) to the Earth, when their apparent magnitude are tending to be as bright as possible for a given size. This is not only facilitates the detection of such new objects but also increases their observability by small ground-based telescopes. However, apparent rate of motion during this time might exceed 10 deg d −1 making the observations challenging. The used Rotating-drift-scan CCD (RDS CCD) technique allows to get images of fast-moving objects as a point, that in turn to determine the coordinates of their image centers with sufficient astrometric precision. Obtained in current research project positions show errors in the range ± (0.2″ − 0.3″) in both coordinates with comparison both to JPL's HORIZONS 1 system and NEODyS-2 2 service. The part of observations was obtained around time moment of minimal distance to the Earth during current CA for newly discovered NEAs. Such observations are important to extend observed orbital arc for reliable improvement of their orbit determinations and reducing orbital uncertainty, so it will be possible to recover them in next apparitions.
Nuevas narrativas digitales, juegos de realidad alternativa y Unfiction: contando historias en línea
Authors: Rojas Juan Carlos
Published: December 2021

En los últimos años han surgido innumerables proyectos y experiencias de narrativas digitales que se valen de las diferentes características de lo virtual para crear nuevas plataformas y formatos donde contar historias. En este artículo se hablará de la Unfiction, un nuevo fenómeno que combina la interacción que provee un videojuego, la inmersión de un juego de rol en vivo y el alcance del video digital. Esta combinación la vuelve un medio extremadamente rico, donde una gran variedad de proyectos comerciales e independientes pueden desarrollarse, y muchos ya han logrado enorme éxito utilizándolo. Para analizar estos proyectos se realizó un muestreo dirigido tomando en cuenta distintas variables, como popularidad o disponibilidad de información.

Uno de los puntos fundamentales que vuelven a la Unfiction tan interesante en épocas de aislamiento y pandemia es su capacidad de crear comunidades, pues son estas las que le dan vida al proyecto. Sin una red de públicos y jugadores interactuando constantemente, este género simplemente no podría existir. Es en los foros en línea, salas de chat y secciones de comentarios donde realmente se construyen estas experiencias.
Espiritualidad de los sentidos en los relatos de la ciudad
Authors: Espinosa Arce Juan Pablo
Published: December 2021

La espiritualidad es una cualidad propia del ser humano. A través de ella vamos realizando un recorrido con Dios, en quien reconocemos el sentido profundo de nuestras vidas. La vida humana, espacio de encuentro con Dios, se comprende como la vinculación de cuerpo y espíritu, de la dimensión personal y comunitaria, de la vivencia hogareña y urbana. A partir de esta consideración, este artículo busca adentrarse en la categoría y tema de la “espiritualidad de los sentidos”, la cual ha sido propuesta y desarrollada por el teólogo portugués José Tolentino Mendonça. Los sentidos son definidos como puertas de acceso a la realidad, a la historia, al mundo y a los otros. Por medio de los sentidos, del cuerpo y de nuestra interioridad, vamos desarrollando la vida, vida caminada, celebrada, originada y finalizada en medio de nuestras ciudades. Surge, por tanto, la consideración de pensar cómo en medio de la ciudad, de las tramas urbanas, de los desafíos de convivencia actual, ejercitamos la mencionada espiritualidad de los sentidos.
El papel de las intuiciones en el problema probatorio del mal: una propuesta racionalista moderada
Authors: Miranda-Rojas Rafael
Published: December 2021

Este artículo pretende evaluar el alcance del vínculo entre el problema evidencial del mal y el papel de las intuiciones como un caso de acceso epistémico sui generis. Para ello, se analizarán en primer lugar los supuestos teóricos presentes en la comprensión de lo que es una intuición y, en consecuencia, lo que es una creencia intuitiva como caso de creencia no inferencial y a priori. Siguiendo a Church et al. (2020), un punto principal de esta investigación es resaltar el vínculo entre las intuiciones y el evidencialismo, tal y como se considera en el problema evidencial del mal. Esto permitirá un análisis racionalista moderado y empíricamente informado de lo que se entiende como evidencia respecto a la posible (o probable en algunas lecturas) no existencia de Dios, si es el caso de que hay al menos una instancia de mal gratuito (mal injustificado) en el mundo. Para fortalecer esta interpretación a favor de un vínculo a priori - a posteriori como una forma de responder al argumento del mal y su papel derrotista (Oliveira, 2019), se considerarán dos supuestos presentes en la discusión, y su plausibilidad: i) que las razones a priori no se entienden estrictamente como pruebas para la creencia religiosa de una proposición p; ii) que la irracionalidad de la creencia religiosa surge de la ausencia de justificación de la ocurrencia de un evento de maldad. Sostengo que existe una tensión entre i) y ii), específicamente en lo que respecta a la ausencia de evidencia que permita sostener la incompatibilidad entre el mal gratuito y la inexistencia de Dios.
La exhortación a la vida filosófica en el diálogo de san Agustín Contra Académicos
Authors: Calabrese Claudio César , Junco Ethel Beatriz
Published: December 2021

Este artículo tuvo por objetivo tratar el llamado agustiniano a la vida filosófica. En discusión con el escepticismo académico, san Agustín exhorta a su amigo Romaniano a la búsqueda de la sabiduría y, para ello, a desestimar igualmente la desconfianza y la confianza excesiva en la razón, pues argumenta tanto contra la postura escéptica, o desesperación de encontrar la verdad, como el dogmatismo o la seguridad de haber encontrado definitivamente la verdad. De hecho, san Agustín señala la dificultad de dar por cierto un conocimiento y, por ello, no descarta el escepticismo, sino que lo incorpora como la fase inicial del conocer y como antídoto contra la ingenuidad de dar a la facultad humana de conocer humano un alcance absoluto. En la perspectiva de este equilibrio, san Agustín exhorta a Romaniano a terminar de decidirse por llevar una vida filosófica. Para recorrer este camino, en continuidad con sus lecturas neoplatónicas, considera la belleza como guía: se accede a la belleza espiritual transitando por la cósmica; el alma que contempla, en tanto se corresponde con lo contemplado, puede alcanzar así el camino ascensional de su propia transformación. El método de acceso a los textos es filológico, es decir, que busca al mismo tiempo descifrar la letra de la trama filosófica y establecer una comprensión contextual de aquella. Un método de esta naturaleza es inseparable del marco conceptual; en efecto, la formación de un saber filosófico, que intenta encontrar los límites de la comprensión de la revelación, pone en tensión de perfección a la persona, es decir, la guía hacia su propia trascendencia.
Aproximación hermenéutica al cuento “Embargo” de José Saramago
Authors: Salinas Arboleda Harold
Published: December 2021

Este artículo plantea un análisis hermenéutico del cuento “Embargo” de José Saramago, parte del libro Casi un objeto, a partir de la propuesta de comprensión textual de Paul Ricœur. Para ello, se toman, como punto de partida, los dos movimientos hermenéuticos básicos que, según el filósofo francés, hacen parte de esta tarea: explicar e interpretar. En este aspecto, la explicación se asume como el ejercicio de hallar el sentido en el relato y esto apunta a encontrar los nexos que existen entre sus partes constitutivas y la obra como un todo. A su vez, la interpretación se entiende como el proceso de actualización y apropiación de la obra por el lector, de tal manera que le resulte posible incorporarla a su experiencia vital en el acto de lectura. Así pues, el ejercicio hermenéutico se realiza apelando a categorías tomadas de la narratología que permiten efectuar la explicación: revelar las relaciones internas de la estructura narrativa, mientras a la par se argumenta la hipótesis u horizonte interpretativo que se propone para el cuento: el mundo de los sueños como una realidad alternativa que enfrenta al soñador con sus deseos y sus esperanzas, pero que también lo confronta con los miedos y las angustias propias del vivir.
Performance of improved bean varieties in Kasulu and Kibondo districts of Kigoma region, Tanzania
Authors:   Agricultural Research Institute, Tanzania, Shenkalwa EM , Mmbaga MET , Kalala A
Published: December 2021

A project aimed at improving bean production in Kigoma Region was carried out from 2008/09 to 2010/11 in Kasulu and Kibondo districts. Soils at trial sites varied from sandy clay loams to clay, mostly acidic with pH water varying from 4.5 to 6.3 (mean 5.5  0.5) with low to medium (1.86%  0.57%) organic carbon (OC), low (0.15  0.05) total nitrogen (N), and low to medium (5.27  5.4 mg/kg) available phosphorus (P). Five improved cultivars, Jesca, Lyamungo 90, Selian 97, Uyole Njano and Uyole 98 were evaluated for yield in farmers’ fields, and assessed for farmer acceptability through a questionnaire. The varieties were compared to Kigoma Yellow , a local variety known also as Mburamutwe. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block with farmers as replicates. Plot size was 10 m by 10 m and spacing was 50 cm by 20 cm. Yield data were analyzed using MS X-Cel and GenStat Discovery edition. Farmers’ assessment data were analyzed by SPSS (V 11.5). There were positive significant (p<0.05) correlations between bean yields of the varieties Jesca, Lyamungo 90, and Selian 97 and soil exchangeable potassium (K), and positive significant (p<0.05) correla tions between Kigoma yellow and soil available P and between Selian 97 and soil total nitrogen in the first season. In Kasulu, average yields were less than those obtained in Kibondo and ranged from 495  169 kgha -1 for Jesca to 874  583 kgha -1 for Uyole 98, compared to the range of 673  283 kgha -1 for Jesca to 1602  333 kgha -1 for Uyole Njano in Kibondo district. The results showed that Uyole Njano and Uyole 98 gave significantly (p<0.05) higher yields than all the other varieties. Farmers’ assessed uncooked beans for seed size, shape, color, marketability and over all preference. Assessment of cooked beans considered taste, smell, soup appearance, s oup color and consistence. This assessment ranked Kigoma yellow and Uyole Njano as number one and two, respectively for both uncooked and cooked beans. Lyamungo 90 and Uyole 98 ranked third and fourth, respectively for uncooked beans. There were no differences in costs of production between the different bean varieties. Economic analysis (Table 3) showed that Uyole Njano produced the highest yield value per unit cost of production followed by Uyole 98. Introduction of Uyole Njano and Uyole 98 bean varieties for production in the two districts is recommended.
Effect of NPK fertilizer on fruit yield and yield components of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo Linn.)
Authors:   Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria, Oloyede FM , Agbaje GO , Obisesan IO
Published: December 2021

Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo Linn.) is a vegetable crop often grown without fertilizer by peasant farmers in Nigeria. With the increased pressure on land resources for other competing uses, farmers have adopted the use of fertilizers to boost crop productivity. This study was carried out for the purpose of evaluating the influence of NPK fertilizer on fruit yield and fruit yield parameters of pumpkin. The experiment was carried out under open field conditions in 2010 for two seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The farm is located on latitude 07°28’N and longitude 04°33’E about 244-m above sea level. NPK 15:15:15 compound fertilizer was applied as ring/side dressing at the rates of (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 kg/ha). The experiment was a randomized complete block design and was replicated six times. Each plot size was10 m X 12 m and consisted of 7 rows. Alley was 3 m, while the plants were spaced 2 m x 2 m. Data were taken on yield and yield parameters such as: fruit height, fruit circumference, fruit fresh weight, fruit dry matter, fruit yield, seed number and seed weight. The fresh fruit yield was 21 t/ha and 7t//ha for early and late seasons, respectively. Fruits number/ha significantly (p=0.05) increased from 7000 in control to over 10,000/ha at fertilizer rates between 100 and 250 kg NPK/ha. Fruit weight also increased from 9 to 17t/ha between control and higher fertilizer rates. Seed yield from the application at 100 to 250 kg/ha were similar and significantly better than control and 50 kg/ha NPK application. Mean seed yield between 100-250 kg NPK was 460 kg/ha. The value was 37% higher than at 50 kg NPK and 57% higher than in control. Increasing fertilizer above 100 kg NPK/ha did not significantly (p=0.05) increase the fruit yield nor the seed yield.
Unilateral Hypermature Cataract and Uveitis in Dwarf Campbell’s Hamster (Phodopus campbelli)
Authors: Yaşar Tuba Özge
Published: December 2021

Background: In the ophthalmological examination of a 1.5-year-old male dwarf Campbell hamster, who was examined with complaints of photophobia, pain, weakness and whitening of the eye color, hypermature cataract and chronic uveitis were observed in the left eye. Methods: Local antibiotic therapy was administered to the patient for the first ten days in order to eliminate a possible microbial agent. In addition, local NSAI drugs were applied to reduce pain and inflammation. Then, peros Prednol (methylprednisolone) was administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg for the first ten days and 1 mg/kg for the next ten days in order to suppress the inflammation associated with uveitis. The patient’s body weight and intraocular pressure were measured before the treatment. During the treatment, intraocular pressure values were checked every day. During this period, the patient was fed ad libitum at normal room temperature, in his own cage. Result: As a result of the treatment applied to the patient, who was followed up for more than a month, symptoms such as pain, photophobia and blepharospasm disappeared and the patient’s eating and drinking status improved compared to the past. However, increasing dose of Prednol did not have the expected effect on intraocular pressure values. Due to the very small size of the hamster eye in the treatment of hypermature cataracts, lens removal cannot be performed as easily as in other species.
​Development and Nutritional Evaluation of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) based Laddu
Authors: Sudha K.V. , Karakannavar Sarojani J. , Inamdar Basavraj , Yenagi Nirmala B.
Published: December 2021

Backround: Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is known for its health benefits as it is nutritionally superior to conventional food grains. Laddu are ball-shaped sweets which are popular in India and are often served at festive or religious occasions. Hence, an attempt was made to develop foxtail millet based value added laddu. Methods: Besan laddu was taken as control. Optimized foxtail millet laddu were nutritionally evaluated for proximate composition, sugars and minerals. Paired ‘t’ test was used to compare the physical parameters and nutrient composition of besan and foxtail millet laddu. Result: The developed foxtail millet laddu had the 11.61, 17.52, 2.64, 1.11 and 66.85% per 100g of protein, fat, crude fibre, ash and carbohydrate respectively. There was no significant difference in sugar composition between the control and the optimised laddu. However, it was observed that the calcium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese of foxtail millet laddu were high as compared to control laddu.
Leadership of learning and change for successful learning outcome in History Education
Authors: Tabe Hennades , Heystek Jan , Warnich Pieter
Published: December 2021

Managing History learning and teaching in schools of South Africa over the years has been characterised by diverse opinions regarding the causes of learner underperformance, who is to be held responsible over learner performance and possible leadership influence on History learner performance. In addressing the problem of underperformance in History from a leadership point of view, the researchers were guided by the managerial leadership and humanism learning theories. The selected qualitative methodology adopted an ethnographic design to establish hidden inferences. A sample of thirty participants comprising the provincial coordinator for History, subject advisor, principals, departmental heads, teachers and learners was obtained based on the availability of History-offering schools in the study area. Data collection was mainly through interviews and meta-analysis of documents. Both deductive and inductive reasoning was applied using ATLAS.ti version 8.4 and thematic analysis in the data analyses process. The findings suggest several managerial leadership measures ranging from policy to practice. These amongst others include the recommendation that History as part of social science should be separated in totality from Geography.
COVID-19 and Social Differentiation in African Agriculture
Authors: Dancer Helen , Bellwood-Howard Imogen
Published: December 2021

This brief presents a summary of key findings from a multi-country study of social differentiation in African agricultural value chains in the context of COVID-19. It aims to understand how trends in the politics and participation of different actors in agriculture have contributed to patterns of social differentiation, and how these patterns have interacted with the shock of COVID-19. It brings attention both to the implications of political decision-making and the effects of the pandemic on value chain structures and those working within the sector.
Investigation of Self-Esteem and Assertiveness Levels among Emergency Healthcare Personnel
Authors: KURTOGLU CELİK Gulhan , PAMUKÇU GÜNAYDIN Gül , YILDIRIM Çağdaş , GÖKHAN Şervan
Published: December 2021

Objective: It has been determined that self-esteem and assertiveness level of the individual significantly affect his/her environment. In this study, our goal is to determine the self-esteem and assertiveness levels of healthcare personnel in Emergency Department.Methods: Our study is a prospective analytical observational study. The study population included nurses, emergency medicine residents, specialists and faculty member working in the Emergency Department. The three-part questionnaire form consists of 54 questions. Data were collected using a personal information form containing socio-demographic characteristics (14 questions), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) form (10 questions) and the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS) (30 questions).Results: 217 participants were included. The median of RSES scores of the individuals was found to be 31 (10-40) and the median RAS of 20 (-42-69). Most of the participants did not receive any training on self-esteem or assertiveness (79.3% and 88%, respectively). Majority of participants stated that they did not have difficulty expressing themselves. RSES scores of those who stated they needed self-esteem training were found to be lower (p <0.001). RAS scores of those who needed assertiveness training were found to be lower than those who did not, and this difference was statistically significant (p <0.001).Conclusion: Self-esteem and assertiveness levels of the healthcare professionals working in the emergency department are high. Although individuals' education about self-esteem or assertiveness does not change their self-esteem and assertiveness, those with low self-esteem and assertiveness feel a need for these issues.
Urgent Thoracotomy Operations In COVID-19 Era
Authors: HEKİMOĞLU Barış , BEYOĞLU Muhammet Ali , ŞAHİN Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Objective: This study has aimed to share the perioperative management practices and respective outcomes in patients; who underwent urgent thoracotomy due to traumatic hemothorax during the pandemic.Methods: In a single-center, 18 patients; who underwent urgent thoracotomy due to traumatic hemothorax in March 2020 to March 2021, were included in the study retrospectively. Patient data were retrieved from digital archive files. The initial evaluation was performed in the emergency room while wearing complete personal protective equipment. Patients were taken into the operating room under emergency conditions without waiting for the results of the nucleic acid tests performed on oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs. The operation was carried out by involving the minimum number of personnel. In the postoperative period, patients were followed up in a negative pressure intensive care room. Isolation measures were maintained until two novel coronavirus nucleic acid tests on oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs collected 48 hours apart were reported as negative.Results: During the one-year period in the COVID-19 pandemic, 18 patients were operated on with the indication of urgent thoracotomy. Of the patients, 14 were men (77.8%), and 4 were women (22.2%). Nucleic acid test results were negative in 17 patients (94.5%). The nucleic acid test result was reported positive in one patient (5.5%) for samples taken at the 48th hour. Nucleic acid tests were performed on the oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs obtained on the fifth and seventh days from the operation personnel. No novel coronavirus transmission occurred in the healthcare personnel. In the postoperative period, 15 patients (83.3%) were successfully treated and discharged from the hospital, but 3 patients (16.7%) died. No morbidity or mortality occurred due to COVID-19.Conclusion: Urgent thoracotomies can be successfully performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Novel coronavirus transmissions can be avoided if relevant healthcare personel comply with isolation measures and use complete personnel protective equipment
Upper	Lip	Vermilion	Transposition	Flap pada	Commisuroplasty dan	Z	Plasty pada	Rekonstruksi	Macrostomia
Authors: Saputro Iswinarno Doso
Published: December 2021

Macrostomia adalah kelainan kongenital yang jarang terjadi, biasanya disertai kelainan lain. Kelainan ini diperkirakan terjadi pada 1 dari 80.000 kelahiran. Beberapa literatur telah menjelaskan tehnik operasi rekontruksi macrostomia, meski emikian belum ada satu standart operasi yang rekomendasikan, setiap tehnik memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Penulis melaporkan satu kasus operasi rekontruksi macrostomia dengan menggunakan tehnik Kaplan untuk comisuroplaty, otot dijahitkan secara overlapping serta menggunakan Zplasty untuk penutupan kulit
Systematical	Review Efektivitas	Pemberian	Kapsul	Ekstrak	Channa	striata Terhadap	Kadar	Albumin	pada	Kasus	Luka	Bakar
Authors: Isamahendra Naufal Agus , Hariani Lynda , Murtiastutik Dwi
Published: December 2021

Latar Belakang: Luka bakar adalah cedera pada kulit atau jaringan organik lainnya yang disebabkan oleh panas, radiasi, zat radioaktif, listrik, gesekan atau kontak dengan bahan kimia. Cedera pada saluran pernapasan akibat inhalasi asap, juga dianggap sebagai luka bakar (WHO, 2018). Bagian tubuh yang mengalami luka bakar akan vasodilatasi akibat adanya stimulus mediator inflamasi yang dilepaskan oleh sel endotel, platelet dan leukosit yang rusak, mengakibatkan peningkatan tekanan hidrostatik kapiler yang menyebabkan meningkatnya permeabilitas membran kapiler. Keadaan ini membuat cairan dan elektrolit di intravaskuler keluar ke ekstravaskuler. Albumin juga ikut keluar ke ekstraseluler pada proses ini, sehingga terjadi hipoalbuminemia. Hipoalbuminemia adalah kondisi dimana kadar albumin dalam darah berada dibawah 3,5 g/dl, sedangkan kadar normal albumin normal dalam darah adalah 3,8-5,0 g/dl. Berdasarkan Formularium Nasional sesuai Kepmenkes 2017 perihal pembatasan pemberian albumin infus yang didukung oleh JKN-KIS, ditetapkan bahwa pasien luka bakar diberikan transfusi human albumin bila kadar albumin kurang 2,5 g/dl. Diperlukan adanya solusi untuk peningkatan kadar albumin selain melalui transfusi, dengan syarat alternatif transfusi albumin ini diharapkan lebih hemat dan efisien dibandingkan dengan albumin transfusi yang terkenal mahal. Ekstrak Channa striata merupakan sebuah produk baru yang diharapkan dapat menjadi alternatif albumin transfusi ini. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui apakah pemberian kapsul ekstrak Channa striata dapat meningkatkan kadar albumin dalam darah pada kasus luka bakar. Metode: Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematical review dengan mengambil jurnal melalui Google Scholer, PubMed dan ScienceDirect. Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kapsul ekstrak Channa striata dapat meningkatkan kadar albumin dalam tubuh serta mempercepat penyembuhan luka pasien luka bakar. Kapsul ekstrak Channa striata biasanya diberikan sebagai suplementasi bersama bahan lain untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gizi pasien. Penelitian yang saya temukan selain membuktikan efek kapsul ekstrak Channa striata terhadap kadar albumin juga memberikan hasil lain mengenai pemberian ekstrak Channa striata pada luka bakar yaitu penurunan kadar MDA serum dan meningkatkan balans nitrogen ke arah positif.
Uncovering motives and rivalry of China-Australia amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the Pacific region
Authors: Prasetyo Aryo Bimo , Ismail Achmad , Fachrie Muhammad
Published: December 2021

The rivalry between China and Australia in the Pacific region shows high tension. This rivalry has increasingly intense in the form of providing assistance to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, where both countries have various motives of interest by providing the assistance. This article aims to describe the economic and political motives of China and Australia in order to provide assistance in handling COVID-19 to countries in the Pacific region. This article used a descriptive method by collecting several sources from books, journals, official documents, and scientific articles on the internet. It finds that China and Australia have economic and political-security motives from the assistance provided to countries in the Pacific region. The large natural resources in the Pacific region and its transformation into a world maritime trade route become the economic motives. The political motives for China are the principle of “One China” and a “Good Image/Perception” for China, while the political motive for Australia is strengthening Australia’s solidarity in the Pacific region. This article concludes that China’s presence in the Pacific region, which includes assistance in combatting COVID-19 and other concerns, puts China a threat to Australia, making the rivalry between the two countries is no longer inevitable.
A regional head election’s political corruption and new styles of clientelism
Authors: Habibi Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Intense competition in the regional head election (Pilkada) has implications for the increasing costs that candidates have to prepare to win the competition. The high cost in the regional head election makes many regional heads, when elected, commit political corruption and practices that are more adapted to the situation, namely the new styles of clientelism. This study aims to determine the shift in the relationship between political corruption and clientelism and to see new forms of clientelism. The approach used in this research was a literature study. Documents were selected using an application from the Publish or Perish database. The results of this study indicate that first, the power of money in politics in Indonesia creates a significant dependence on economic power, which influences a high level of political corruption. Second, there are two new styles of clientelism, including buying and selling votes and patronage in the bureaucracy. This paper concludes that the various modes of political corruption and new styles of clientelism that occur underline political vulnerabilities at the local level due to the broad elaboration of regional authority discretion.
Pitungan and birth variations of first-born among Javanese ethnic population in Indonesia
Authors: Hendrawati Lucy Dyah
Published: December 2021

There is a phenomenon among the Javanese ethnic population, in which many wedding ceremonies are held whenever the Javanese calendar points to particular months such as Besar, Rejeb, and Ruwah, because marrying in those months is believed to bring good fortune. This study aimed to analyze the influence of wedding date determination through pitungan and feeling safe on birth variations of first-born and the number of children the wife gives birth to. The research was conducted in Blitar City, Blitar Regency, and Surabaya City with 193 married couples. Linear Regression and Chi-square were the statistical tests used in this research. Chi-square and Linear Regression tests proved that pitungan affects the birth variations of first-born (p = 0.004; p = 0.004) and the number of children a couple has (p = 0.007; p = 0.002). Both Chi-square and Linear Regression proved that feeling safe (roso slamet) does not have any significant effect on birth variations of first-born (p = 0.162; p = 0.767) and the number of children in household (p = 0.863; p = 0.680). The conclusion is that there is an important relationship between pitungan and birth variation in which the more pitungan is done, the sooner first-born is given birth to and the more children a married couple has.
Social conflicts between actors in marine resource management in Palabuhanratu, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Royandi Eva
Published: December 2021

Marine resources have become a niche of life for fishing groups on the coast of Palabuhanratu Sukabumi, West Java. The dependence of the fishing groups on natural resources has led to competition in the process of obtaining resources. The purpose of this study is to analyze stakeholders in marine resource management in Palabuhanratu. This research was conducted in Palabuhanratu, West Java, Indonesia. The research employed a qualitative approach with 60 informants, divided into 20 local fishermen, 20 migrant fishermen, and 20 external fishermen. The results of the study show several analyzes of the research objectives. First, several actors have an interest and influence in marine resource management in Palabuhanratu, including government actors, local fishermen, migrant fishermen, external fishermen, and marine tourism. Migrant fishermen have a high interest and influence in the process of exploiting marine resources in Palabuhanratu. Second, the relationships that exist between actors in the interaction process for the marine resource management in Palabuhanratu can take the form of negotiations and conflicts. Conflicts that occur are in the form of destroying other fishing gear, controlling the area, and protesting, while negotiations occur in the form of a cooperative relationship between groups of fishermen in catching fish and agreeing on boundaries for each type of fishing gear.
O PRINCÍPIO DA CAUSA DA CRIAÇÃO APLICADO À TEORIA DAS IDEIAS DE DESCARTES
Authors: Blanchet Louis de Freitas Richard
Published: December 2021

A interpretação apresentada nesse artigo defende que ideias que têm como conteúdo a noção de extensão, mesmo as mais abstratas, não podem existir no pensamento puro sem a participação da substância extensa. Elas dependem da união com o corpo. A dimensão ontológica da teoria das ideias de Descartes é central para a compreensão desse artigo. Essa teoria está presente na prova da existência de Deus da Terceira Meditação. Segundo essa prova, todas as ideias têm uma causa que as faz existir enquanto ideias. A análise dos critérios que permitem propor que uma determinada coisa é a causa da existência de uma ideia permitirá decidir se ideias cujo conteúdo envolve a extensão podem ser causadas pelo pensamento puro. Segundo a presente interpretação, um dos critérios indispensáveis para a determinação da causa da existência das ideias é o da igualdade de natureza entre a causa e o efeito. Se o critério de igualdade de natureza estiver presente no sistema filosófico cartesiano, as ideias que envolvem alguma noção de corpo, sejam sensações, ideias geométricas ou mesmo a noção de extensão, dependerão do concurso da substância extensa para que sua existência seja causada.
A Potential Benefit of Hypochlorous Acid - Facial Sanitisation
Authors: Nowbuth Avis Aman , Armstrong Josh Barrie , Cloete Thomas Eugene , Fourie Pieter Rousseau
Published: December 2021

Sanitisation has become a major component of everyday life, with emphasis on the hands and surfaces. The face remains unsanitised due to the lack of an acceptable sanitiser. The use of masks has been mandated to reduce the spread of the pathogens by covering the face, however, there remain issues with the use of personal protective equipment. The face remains a harbour for upper respiratory tract infections, with constant deposition of microbes. By reducing microbial load, the risk of both infection and severity are reduced. HOCl has proven antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, including efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. A facial sanitiser, alongside hand sanitisers and masks, improves protection against SARS-CoV-2. The advantages of regular sanitising of the face and mask include reduced level of microbial contamination, risk of biofilm formation, and respiratory tract and skin infections. HOCl was reviewed as a face and mask sanitiser, concluding that it was an ideal product.
Field Demonstration of Heat Technology to Mitigate Heat Sinks for Drywood Termite (Blattodea: Kalotermitidae) Management
Authors: Tay Jia-Wei , James Devon
Published: December 2021

With heat treatments to control drywood termites (Blattodea: Kalotermitidae), the presence of heat sinks causes heat to be distributed unevenly throughout the treatment areas. Drywood termites may move to galleries in heat sink areas to avoid exposure to lethal temperatures. Our studies were conducted in Crytotermes brevis-infested condominiums in Honolulu, Hawaii to reflect real-world condominium scenarios; either a standard heat treatment performed by a heat remediation company or an improved heat treatment was used. For improved treatments, heated air was directed into the toe-kick voids of C. brevis infested cabinets to reduce heat sink effects and increase the heat penetration into these difficult-to-heat areas. Eight thermistor sensors placed inside toe-kick voids, treatment zone, embedded inside cabinets’ sidewalls, and in a wooden cube recorded target temperatures of above 46 °C or 50 °C for 120 minutes. A pretreatment and follow-up inspections were performed at 6 months posttreatment to monitor termite inactivity using visual observations and by recording the numbers of spiked peaks on a microwave technology termite detection device (Termatrac). In improved treatment condominiums, significantly higher numbers of spiked peaks were recorded at pretreatment as compared to 6 months posttreatment. Efficacious heat treatment protocols using the improved methods are proposed.
The Role of Host Glycobiology and Gut Microbiota in Rotavirus and Norovirus Infection, an Update
Authors: Peña-Gil Nazaret , Santiso-Bellón Cristina , Gozalbo-Rovira Roberto , Buesa Javier , Monedero Vicente , Rodríguez-Díaz Jesús
Published: December 2021

Rotavirus (RV) and norovirus (NoV) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated that histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have a role in NoV and RV infections, since their presence on the gut epithelial surfaces is essential for the susceptibility to many NoV and RV genotypes. Polymorphisms in genes that code for enzymes required for HBGAs synthesis lead to secretor or non-secretor and Lewis positive and Lewis negative individuals. While secretor individuals appear to be more susceptible to RV infections, regarding NoVs infections there are too many discrepancies that prevent drawing conclusions. A second factor that influences enteric viral infections is the gut microbiota of the host. In vitro and animal studies have determined that the gut microbiota limits, but in some cases enhances, enteric viral infection. The ways microbiota can enhance NoV or RV infection include virion stabilization and promotion of virus attachment to host cells, whereas experiments with microbiota-depleted and germ-free animals point to immunoregulation as the mechanism by which the microbiota restricts infection. Human trials with live, attenuated RV vaccines and analysis of the microbiota in responders and non-responders individuals also allowed the identification of bacterial taxa linked to vaccine efficacy. As more information is gained on the complex relationships that are established between the host (glycobiology and immune system), the gut microbiota and the intestinal viruses, new avenues will be open for the development of novel anti-NoV and anti-RV therapies.
Rapid, Simple and Inexpensive Fabrication of Paper-based Analytical Devices by Parafilm® Hot Pressing
Authors: Kasetsirikul Sursak , Clack Kimberley , Shiddiky Muhammad J.A. , Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: December 2021

Paper-based analytical devices have been substantially developed in recent decades. Many fabrication techniques for paper-based analytical devices have been demonstrated and reported. Herein we report a relatively rapid, simple, and inexpensive method for fabricating paper-based analytical devices using parafilm hot pressing. We studied and optimized the effect of the key fabrication parameters, namely pressure, temperature, and pressing time. We discerned the optimal conditions, including pressure of 3.8 MPa (3 tons), temperature of 80oC, and 3 minutes of pressing time, with the smallest hydrophobic barrier size (821 µm) being governed by laminate mask and parafilm dispersal from pressure and heat. Physical and biochemical properties were evaluated to substantiate the paper functionality for analytical devices. Wicking speed in the fabricated paper strips was slightly slower than that of non-processed paper, resulting from reducing paper pore size. A colorimetric immunological assay was performed to demonstrate the protein binding capacity of the paper-based device after exposure to pressure and heat from the fabrication. Moreover, mixing in two-dimensional paper-based device and flowing in a three-dimensional counterpart were thoroughly investigated, demonstrating that the paper device from this fabrication process is potentially applicable as analytical devices for biomolecule detection. Fast, easy, and inexpensive parafilm hot press fabrication presents an opportunity for researchers to develop paper-based analytical devices in resource-limited environments.
ECMpy, a Simplified Workflow for Constructing Enzymatic Constrained Metabolic Network Model
Authors: Mao Zhitao , Zhao Xin , Yang Xue , Zhang Peiji , Du Jiawei , Yuan Qianqian , Ma Hongwu
Published: December 2021

Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) have been widely used for phenotypic prediction of microorganisms. However, the lack of other constraints in the stoichiometric model often leads to a large metabolic solution space inaccessible. Inspired by previous studies that take allocation of macromolecule resources into account, we developed a simplified Python-based workflow for constructing enzymatic constrained metabolic network model (ECMpy) and constructed an enzyme-constrained model for Escherichia coli (eciML1515) by directly adding a total enzyme amount constraint in the latest version of GEM for E. coli (iML1515), considering the protein subunit composition in the reaction, and automated calibration of enzyme kinetic parameters. Using eciML1515, we predicted the overflow metabolism of E. coli and revealed that redox balance was the key reason for the difference between E. coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in overflow metabolism. The growth rate predictions on 24 single-carbon sources were improved significantly when compared with other enzyme-constrained models of E. coli. Finally, we revealed the tradeoff between enzyme usage efficiency and biomass yield by exploring the metabolic behaviors under different substrate consumption rates. Enzyme-constrained models can improve simulation accuracy and thus can predict cellular phenotypes under various genetic perturbations more precisely, providing reliable guidance for metabolic engineering.
Genomic Analysis of the First European Bacteriophages with Depolymerase Activity and Biocontrol Efficacy Against the Phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Biosca Elena G. , Català-Senent José F. , Figàs-Segura Àngela , Bertolini Edson , López María M. , Álvarez Belén
Published: December 2021

Ralstonia solanacearum is the causative agent of bacterial wilt, one of the most destructive plant diseases. While chemical control has an environmental impact, biological control strategies can allow sustainable agrosystems. Three lytic bacteriophages (phages) of R. solanacearum with biocontrol capacity in environmental water and plant were isolated from river water in Europe but not fully characterized, their genomic characterization being fundamental to understand their biology. In this work, the phage genomes were sequenced and subjected to bioinformatic analysis. The morphology was also observed by electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with a selection of phages able to infect R. solanacearum and the closely related phytopathogenic species R. pseudosolanacearum. The results indicated that the genomes of vRsoP-WF2, vRsoP-WM2 and vRsoP-WR2 range from 40,688 to 41,158 bp with almost 59% GC-contents, 52 ORFs in vRsoP-WF2 and vRsoP-WM2, and 53 in vRsoP-WR2 but, with only 22 or 23 predicted proteins with functional homologs in databases. Among them, two lysins and one exopolysaccharide (EPS) depolymerase, this type of depolymerase being identified in R. solanacearum phages for the first time. These three European phages belong to the same novel species within the Gyeongsanvirus, Autographiviridae family (formerly Podoviridae). These genomic data will contribute to a better understanding of the abilities of these phages to damage host cells and, consequently, to an improvement in the biological control of R. solanacearum.