bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Off the Record
Authors: D'Cruz Len
Published: August 2017

Clinical dental records fulfil a variety of functions. Whilst there is no standard data set for dental records, it is essential that these are contemporaneous - that is, they are ‘recorded at the time’. A good written record should contain details of the patient's identification data, medical and dental history, clinical examination, diagnosis, treatment plan, reference to consent, and progress notes. This paper covers these aspects in detail, and provides information on how long records should be stored, and who may access clinical records.
Book Review
Authors: Howard Paul
Published: August 2017

Management of Medical Emergencies for the Dental Team. By Martin H Thornhill, Michael N Pemberton and GuyJ Atherton. London: Stephen Hancocks Ltd, 2005 (72pp. p/b, £29.95). ISBN 0-9546145-4-2.
Book Review
Authors: Sammons Rachel
Published: August 2017

Essential Microbiology for Dentistry 3rd edn. By Lakshman Samaranayake. London: Churchill Livingstone (Elsevier), 2006 (372pp., £39.99 p/b). ISBN 0-44310-079-9.
Common Facial Fractures: 2. Management
Authors: Pigadas Nicolaos , Oliver Richard
Published: August 2017

This, the second of three articles, highlights the management of facial fractures and the GDP's role in this.
The Management of Abuse: 2. Child Abuse
Authors: Panesar J , Juggins K , Sinha S , Acharya P , Jafar H , Bower EJ , Harrison VE , Newton JT
Published: August 2017

The role of the GDP and the dental team in the recognition and management of child abuse is discussed. Information on the current legislation and protocols for referral are provided.
CJD: Update for Dental Staff
Authors: Scully Crispian , Smith Andrew J , Bagg J
Published: August 2017

It is almost a decade since the recognition of the emergence of a new infectious disease termed variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) caused by prions (PrPTSE), abnormal variants of a normal human cell surface protein (PrP). This disease has a number of similarities to other forms of CJD - lethal disorders characterized by a prolonged incubation period, and progressive mental deterioration. In relation to oral tissues, PrPTSE have been found in neural, gingival, pulpal, lingual, lymphoreticular and salivary gland tissue in animal models. In both sporadic and variant CJD, PrPTSE is detectable in the trigeminal ganglion and, in vCJD, in lymphoreticular tissues, but infectivity has not been tested in other human oral tissues.
Treatment and Maintenance of a Dentate Patient with ‘Radiation Caries’
Authors: Craddock Helen L
Published: August 2017

Patients with xerostomia are presenting dental practitioners with challenges in caries control, long-term restoration and prosthodontic difficulties. In many cases, extraction may be the best option, but for younger, dentate patients, this may be inappropriate. This paper describes the management of a young partially dentate patient with severe xerostomia following irradiation of the salivary glands. Preventive and restorative management are discussed, together with treatment and healing of peri-radicular pathology. The case report demonstrates that long-term stabilization and management of caries and peri-radicular lesions are possible over a seven-year period fora patient with severe radiation caries.
Common Facial Fractures: 3. Complications
Authors: Pigadas Nicolaos , Oliver Richard
Published: August 2017

The final article of three, this paper highlights the complications that may arise either as a direct result of the fracture or the treatment of the fracture.
The Use of NSAIDs in Dentistry: A Case Study of Gastrointestinal Complications
Authors: Milner N , Dickenson A , Thomas Adam
Published: August 2017

NSAIDs are effective at reducing mild to moderate pain and are therefore commonly prescribed in dental practice. Dental practitioners should be familiar with their indications, contra-indications and side-effects. We present the case of a 28-year-old male who had been taking two NSAIDs concurrently for dental pain which resulted in an acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
The Management of Abuse: 3. Domestic Violence
Authors: Juggins K , Panesar J , Sinha S , Acharya P , Jafar H , Bower EJ , Harrison VE , Newton JT
Published: August 2017

The role of the GDP and the dental team in the recognition and management of domestic violence is discussed. Information on the current legislation and protocols for referral are provided.
Adhesive Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth – Current Research
Authors: Foxton Richard M , Mannocci Francesco , Melo Luciana
Published: August 2017

Restoring endodontically-treated teeth using adhesively cemented fibre posts is becoming popular in general practice. Clinical studies have been promising, however failures can occur, usually because of de-bonding of the post. Current research, aimed at identifying factors that could improve the adhesion of fibre posts, is described.
Root Canal Retreatment
Authors: Lumley PJ , Adams N , Tomson P
Published: August 2017

Root canal therapy is not always successful and an increasing number of patients are requesting retreatment to address intra-radicular infection. The armamentarium available to assist the dentist, some of which is described in this article, has never been greater.
Current Concepts in the Management of Oral Cancer
Authors: Lyons Andrew
Published: August 2017

For patients diagnosed with oral cancer, treatment may involve surgery or radiotherapy alone, or a combination of the two. Where radiotherapy is the sole modality, the addition of chemotherapy may be beneficial, particularly with advanced tumours. If the treatment is surgery, this may involve extensive microsurgical reconstruction. Follow up of treated patients should be rigorous and, ideally, quality of life should be measured.
The Management of Abuse: 4. Abuse of Vulnerable Adults
Authors: Juggins K , Panesar J , Sinha S , Acharya P , Jafar H , Bower EJ , Harrison VE , Newton JT
Published: August 2017

Vulnerable adults include those who, for reasons of age or illness, are unable to protect themselves from significant harm. The role of the GDP and the dental team in the recognition and management of abuse of vulnerable adults is discussed. Information on the current legislation and protocols for referral are provided.
Book Review
Authors: Burke FJ Trevor
Published: August 2017

Understanding NHS dentistry. By Len D'Cruz, RajRattan and Michael Watson. Cambridge: New Contract Help Publications, 5 The Terrace, St. Peters Street, Cambridge CB3 0BE ( www.newcontracthelp.co.uk ), 2006 (167pp., £30). ISBN 0-90515145-3-9.
Scientific Evidence for Pre-adjusted Edgewise Mechanics
Authors: Mandall Nicola A , Malik O
Published: August 2017

The aim of this paper is to present scientific evidence for treatment mechanics with the pre-adjusted edgewise appliance. We have summarized findings from randomized and controlled clinical trials following a search of Medline and the Cochrane Clinical Trials Register (CCTR) 1970 - June 2005. Evidence was available to support our choice of archwires, use of canine lacebacks and method of space closure, thus providing the beginning of a scientific basis for our day-to-day management of fixed appliance mechanics.
Periodontics: 7. Periodontal Problems Associated with Compromised Posterior Teeth
Authors: Mullally B , Ziada H , Irwin C , Allen E , Byrne PJ
Published: August 2017

Periodontitis affecting multi-rooted teeth presents a challenge for non-surgical and surgical management. This paper reviews the management of compromised posterior teeth.
The Eating Disorders: 2. Behavioural and Dental Management
Authors: Ashcroft Angela , Milosevic Alexander
Published: August 2017

The eating disorders are a group of related but distinct disturbances in eating behaviour with wide-ranging effects. The first part in this series described the scientific background, clinical features and impact upon oro-dental health. This second part discusses behavioural and dental management.
Book Review
Authors: Rout John
Published: August 2017

Pocket Atlas of Dental Radiology. By F A Pasler and H Visser. Stuttgart, New York: Thieme Publishing Group, 2007 (342pp., £34.95). ISBN 978-3-13-139801-7.
Do You Make a Good Impression?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Laboratories want better impressions. GJ Christensen. Journal of the American Dental Association 2007; 138: 527-529.
Idiopathic Cervical Resorption: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Aggarwal Aparna , Vengal Manoj , Ahsan Auswaf , Pai Keerthilatha M
Published: August 2017

Idiopathic cervical resorption is a rare form of external resorption, usually with no external signs, and can be misdiagnosed as dental caries or other types of tooth resorption. Here we report a case in which, during routine radiography, an asymptomatic lower right molar presented with a radiolucency at the cervical region, with no obvious aetiologic factor identified.
Management of Traumatized Primary Teeth
Authors: Ashley Paul
Published: August 2017

Long-term effect of different treatment modalities for traumatized primary incisors presenting dark coronal discoloration with no other signs of injury. Dental Traumatology 2006; 22:14-17.
Book Review
Authors: Turner John
Published: August 2017

Radiographic Cephalometry: From Basics to 3-D Imaging 2nd edn. Edited by Alexander Jacobson and Richard L Jacobson. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, 2006. (320 pp. h/b, £65.00). ISBN 0-86715-461-6.
Smile Aesthetics
Authors: Gill Daljit S , Naini Farhad B , Tredwin Christopher J
Published: August 2017

The aim of this article is to outline some of the factors practitioners should take into consideration when planning optimal smile aesthetics. The components of the smile that will be discussed include the smile arc, incisor/gingival display, smile width, gingival aesthetics, tooth proportionality/symmetry, contacts/connectors/embrasures and the dental midlines.
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Masquerading as Unknown Mandibular Metastatic Deposit causing Pathological Fracture
Authors: Goddard Robert , Patel Neha
Published: August 2017

The following is a case presentation of an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) associated with a pathological fracture and coincidental finding of anaemia of unknown cause. The non-pathognomonic, extensive, mandibular, multilocular radiolucency, together with anaemia, raised the possibility of a neoplastic process. This case highlights clinical manifestations of ABC, as well as difficulties encountered in its diagnosis. The uncommon and potentially troublesome complication of a pathological fracture was treated by ensuring good reduction. Successful bone healing occurred despite the fixation period being significantly less than one month.
Are Smokers Ignorant of the Facts or Do they just Ignore them?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Dental patient awareness of smoking effects on oral health: comparison of smokers and non-smokers. KF Al-Shammari, MA Mousse, JM AI-Ansari, YS Al-Duwairy and EJ Honkala. Journal of Dentistry 2006; 34:173-178.
Periodontics: 2. Risk Factors and Susceptibility in Periodontitis
Authors: Irwin Chris , Mullally Brian , Ziada Hassan , Allen Edith , Byrne Patrick J
Published: August 2017

Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition initiated by microbial plaque but influenced by an array of factors that affect the development and progression of the disease. This paper summarizes the major risk factors for periodontal disease and the potential to modify specific factors.
TMD Current Concepts: 1. An Update
Authors: Al-Ani Ziad , Gray Robin
Published: August 2017

This, the first of two articles, addresses current concepts of aetiology, diagnosis and management of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The aim is to direct the reader toward a more evidence-based approach; specific treatment regimes can be accessed elsewhere. The concept of these articles is to encourage the reader to think about the wider ramifications of TMD, with specific relevance to their management in general dental practice. This article addresses current controversial concepts, including occlusion, tinnitus, hearing, speech defects and bruxism. The second part addresses the need for imaging and explores treatment concepts. TMD management in general dental practice is widely regarded as being a contentious subject, with several differing and often diametrically opposed viewpoints being aired, not only in relation to aetiology and diagnosis but also in relation to treatment. This uncertainty often prompts the dentist to refer for secondary care. Another recurring issue is the lack of adequate remuneration in the general dental services for management of the patients, for example by splint therapy.
Focal Palmoplantar and Gingival Hyperkeratosis: A Case Report
Authors: Seehra Jadbinder , Thakker Nalin , Duxbury A John , Sloan Philip , Ariyaratnam Senathirajah
Published: August 2017

We report a rare genetic condition characterized by gingival hyperkeratosis with skin changes affecting the hands and feet. The patient presented with asymptomatic oral lesions and the diagnosis was reached by taking a full clinical history and biopsy tests. Palmoplantar keratosis can be a feature of a range of different syndromes and can be associated with periodontal destruction, benign oral keratosis or cancer of the oesophagus. It is important for dentists to be aware that clues to diagnosis can be gained from examination of the hands and feet, in addition to an oral examination, particularly in recognizing oral genetic disorders.
Eating Patterns, Diet and Dental Caries
Authors: Karjalainen Sara
Published: August 2017

There is new evidence showing that excessive sugar consumption increases the risk of caries, even if the correlation between sugar intake and dental health has weakened due to exposure to fluoride. Moreover, there are still patient groups whose fluoride exposure seems to be insufficient to tolerate the generally increased level of sugar intake.
Top Tips for Effective Teaching and Learning
Authors: Gilmour John , Wall David
Published: August 2017

If we wish to improve the quality of care provided to our patients it is essential that we all, as healthcare professionals, develop and update our knowledge and skills throughout our careers. To make our teaching and learning more effective and relevant, I have derived 10 tips to assist both the learner and teacher in making learning and teaching as effective as possible. These will be valuable to learners and, in particular, to the increasing numbers of dental surgeons who teach, both in a formal and informal role.
Caught Out by UN-Diagnosed Posts?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Radio-opacity of non-metallic root canal posts. H Ibrahim, O EI-Mowafy, JW Brown. International Journal ofProsthodontics 2006; 19:101-102.
Do Your Fillings Really Release Fluoride?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Fluoride-containing restorative materials. FM Burke, NJ Ray and RJ McConnell. International Dental Journal 2006; 56:33-43.
Book Review
Authors: Hamburger John
Published: August 2017

Oral and Intravenous Bisphosphonate-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: History, Etiology, Prevention and Treatment. By Robert E Marx. New Maiden: Quintessence Publishing, 2007 (148pp. p/b, £58). ISBN 978-0-86715-462-7.
The Psychology of Failure for Dentists
Authors: Newton J T
Published: August 2017

Failure in practice is inevitable. Failure may have negative consequences both for the patient and the dental team. This article will explore the psychological impact of failure on the dental team, and how to manage this. In addition, an approach to managing, preventing and ameliorating the effects of failure based upon an analysis of healthcare systems will be described.
Periodontics: 4. Surgical Management of Gingival and Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Ziada H , Irwin C , Mullally B , Byrne PJ , Allen E
Published: August 2017

Non-surgical periodontal therapy is the first line of management in the treatment of periodontitis. Gingival and periodontal surgery should be carried out after non-surgical therapy and on patients who show excellent plaque control. This article presents the indication, contra-indication and complications of gingival and periodontal surgery and the clinical outcome of the most common procedures used.
Professor Jim McDonald, Editor of Orthodontic Update
Authors: McDonald J P
Published: August 2017

Jim McDonald qualified BDS, LDS RCS (Eng) from Guy's Hospital London and, after a short period in junior hospital positions in London, joined a general dental practice in North Surrey, where he remained for five years until undertaking orthodontic training in the UK, and for two years in Germany.
Widening the Oral Health Message without Significant Cost
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

An oral health education programme based on the National Curriculum. A Chapman, SJ Copestake and K Duncan. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2006; 16:40-44.
Managed Clinical Networks: What are They and How do They Work?
Authors: Clark John D
Published: August 2017

Managed clinical networks (MCNs) play an increasingly important part in the delivery of effective healthcare. This paper describes what they are and how they work, based on the experience of MCNs in Scotland and, in particular, CleftSiS, the National Managed Clinical Network for Cleft Lip and Palate Services in Scotland.
Periodontics: 5. Surgical Crown Lengthening
Authors: Ziada H , Irwin C , Mullally B , Byrne PJ , Allen E
Published: August 2017

The surgical crown lengthening procedures are usually used to facilitate the restoration of teeth with poor retentive properties. These techniques can also be applied to the management of aesthetic gingival problems.
Book Review
Authors: Mizrahi Basil
Published: August 2017

Bone Augmentation in Oral Implantology. By Fouad Khoury, Hadi Antoun, Patrick Missika. New Maiden: Quintessence, 2006 (450pp. h/b, £177) ISBN 978-1-85097-159-7.
Book Review
Authors: Mizrahi Basil
Published: August 2017

ITI Treatment Guide. Edited by D Buser, U Belserand DWismeijer. New Maiden: Quintessence Books, 2006 (268 pp. h/b, £61). ISBN 978-3-938947-10-4.
Periodontics: 8. Periodontal Problems Associated with Compromised Anterior Teeth
Authors: Byrne PJ , Irwin C , Mullally B , Allen E , Ziada H
Published: August 2017

Periodontal disease can significantly impact on the appearance of the anterior teeth. Prior to any definitive treatment, stabilization of the periodontal condition is a requirement. Treatment options can range from the placement of simple restorations, through orthodontic realignment, to the extraction and replacement of hopeless teeth. Each treatment plan must be individually tailored to the patient and level of periodontal disease, and must include provision for maintenance periodontal therapy.
Book Review
Authors: Palin Will
Published: August 2017

Introduction to Dental Materials 3rd edn. By Richard van Noort. London: Elsevier, 2007 (304 pp., £39.99). ISBN 0723434042/978072344047.
Crown Lengthening Surgery – Indications and Techniques
Authors: Cunliffe Joanne , Grey Nick
Published: August 2017

Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure aimed at removal of periodontal tissue to increase the clinical crown height. As a restorative dentist using this technique of crown lengthening, one needs to have an understanding of biological width, indications, technique, as well as some possible limitations. The authors aim to discuss these concepts in order that the restorative dentist can use crown lengthening as part of an overall treatment plan in a controlled and predictable manner, taking into account biological factors.
Tooth Fragment Reattachment following Crown Root Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: DePasquale Sandra , Gatt Gabriella , Azzopardi Alexander
Published: August 2017

A 32-year-old man presented with a complicated crown-root fracture of a maxillary lateral incisor. The fracture extended sub-gingivally, and apical to the alveolar bone crest, invading the biologic width. Flap surgery to expose the fractured root face was performed and the coronal tooth fragment reattached with a dual-cure resin adhesive. Examination six months after treatment revealed periodontal health, good aesthetics and normal function.
Can Patients be ‘Allergic’ to Amalgam?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Local adverse effects of amalgam restorations. McCullough MJ, Tyas MJ. International Dental Journal 2008; 58: 3–9.
Protaper® – Hybrid Technique
Authors: Simon Stephane , Lumley Philip , Tomson Phillip , Pertot Wilhelm-Joseph , Machtou Pierre
Published: August 2017

Crown down preparation is the most known and described technique since the introduction of Nickel Titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments in endodontics. This technique gives good results but has limitations, such as not addressing the initial anatomy of oval or dumb-bell shaped canals. The specific design of the Protaper® instruments allows use of them with a different technique and, specifically, with a brushing motion in the body of the canal. The recent introduction of hand Protaper® files has expanded the range of application of this system, especially in curved canals. The ‘hybrid technique’, using rotary and hand files, and the advantages of the combination of both instruments, are clearly described in this article. Used with this technique, the Protaper® is a very safe system to use, and more controllable, for both inexperienced and experienced practitioners alike, than other systems.
Management of the Petrified Dental Patient
Authors: Rafique S , Banerjee A , Fiske J
Published: August 2017

Fear and anxiety are common responses to anticipated or actual dental treatment. This may range from slight feelings of unease during routine procedures, such as an injection or cavity preparation, to feelings of extreme anxiety long before treatment is happening. There is general agreement that anxiety constitutes a major problem for the dentist, and a barrier to optimal care for the patient, as one of the most significant consequences is avoidance of dental treatment. Common triggers include local anaesthetic injection and the dental drill. This paper uses the term anxiety to encompass both fear and anxiety and reviews current strategies for managing anxious people in the dental setting, with a focus on non-invasive operative techniques.
Three Paediatric Patients with Oral Self-Mutilation – A Report
Authors: Singh Parmjit , Emanuel Robert , Parry Jennifer , Anand P Singh
Published: August 2017

Oral self-mutilation, although thought to be uncommon, is quite widespread. Practitioners should carefully consider self-mutilation as part of their differential diagnosis in unexplainable oral conditions. We report three paediatric cases of oral self-mutilation.
Regenerating the Periodontium
Authors: Sharpe Geoffrey , Paterson Neil , Seymour Robin
Published: August 2017

A variety of techniques have been used in an attempt to regenerate periodontal tissues. Studies have confirmed that considerable but varying amounts of new connective tissue attachment may form on teeth treated with these techniques. At present, careful case selection and meticulous surgical technique can regenerate the periodontium, although studies from the literature demonstrate a large variation in success rates. In the future, we can expect further developments from the field of tissue engineering to produce more predictable techniques that could allow us to regenerate lost periodontal tissues even more effectively.
Alcopop Induced Erosion: Management in General Dental Practice
Authors: Hughes Mike Lloyd , Rees Jeremy S
Published: August 2017

Alcopops, which are fruit flavoured alcoholic drinks, have been implicated as an aetiological factor in dental erosion. They are commonly drunk by 18–25 year-olds owing to their fruity flavours, but increasingly in the UK they are consumed by underage teenagers. A popular lemon-based vodka alcopop is presented as a possible causative factor of dental erosion in a 19-year-old female, who started drinking it regularly at the age of 15 for four years. She was subsequently treated preventively and conservatively in a National Health Service (NHS) dental practice, in North Wales, using freehand compomer and minimally prepared porcelain veneers.
Providing Dental Care for Patients with Huntington's Disease
Authors: Boyle Carole A , Frölander Caroline , Manley Graham
Published: August 2017

This paper describes the genetic condition Huntington's disease and its clinical relevance to dentists. The treatment of two patients with the condition is described: one under general anaesthesia, the other with intravenous sedation.
Book Review
Authors: Rout John
Published: August 2017

21st Century Imaging. Quintessentials Imaging 3. By Keith Horner, Nicholas Drage and David Brettle. London: Quintessence Publishing Co Ltd, 2007 (180pp. £28.00). ISBN 978-1-85097-097-2.
Critical Appraisal: A Template to Evaluate Scientific Literature
Authors: Gibson Clive J
Published: August 2017

Medical educators have identified the need for clinicians to become lifelong learners; a large part of the drive for this continuum of education is derived from the research that demonstrates that knowledge and/or competence deteriorates with time following graduation and that this is caused by a failure to acquire new knowledge rather than a propensity to forget previously learned material. Clinicians therefore need to be trained to identify the relevant published literature and then to apply Critical Appraisal techniques to the articles acknowledged as being seminal to their professional development.
Delivering Better Oral Health – An Evidence-Based Toolkit for Prevention: A Review
Authors: Davies Gill , Davies Robin
Published: August 2017

This article aims to give background to the UK's Department of Health evidence-based prevention toolkit for clinical teams. Initially, it describes the purpose, principles and format of the toolkit and then lists some of the key preventive messages contained within it. Finally, the factors which may affect its impact on dental health are discussed.
Contemporary Periodontal Surgery: 2. Surgical Practice
Authors: Bateman Geoffrey J , Saha Shuva , Pearson David
Published: August 2017

Contemporary surgical techniques emphasize gentle tissue handling with a minimum of trauma. This in turn provides a predictable operative environment and promotes healing. A modern surgical armamentarium may be very different from that encountered a decade ago. This is clear from the greater availability of dental microsurgical instruments. Whilst the complexity of microsurgery may not be routinely necessary in general dental practice, many of the principles and equipment used may make standard surgical management easier and more predictable.
Book Review
Authors: Hahn Mike
Published: August 2017

Managing Orofacial Pain in Practice. Eamonn Murphy, Quintessence Publishing Co Ltd, 2008 (170pp, £28.00). ISBN: 978-1-85097-130-6.
’Double-Veneers’ – A Novel Approach to Treating Macrodontia
Authors: Thomas Matthew B M , Greenhalgh Christine Mary , Addy Liam
Published: August 2017

Macrodontia is a relatively rare but cosmetically challenging dental anomaly with different aetiologies. Where surgical interventions are inappropriate, minimal restorative interventions may be indicated. A case is described of a teenager with macrodontic central incisors who was treated with indirect composite ‘double veneers’. The aesthetic outcome was excellent without unnecessary loss of teeth.
Accidental Swallowing of a Prosthesis
Authors: Auluck Ajit , Desai Rajeev
Published: August 2017

Fixed prostheses are commonly made in routine dental practice. However, accidental swallowing of these is an infrequent emergency in dental clinics. We report a case in which the patient accidentally swallowed a 5-unit fixed denture and review the immediate steps as well as preventive measures to be taken by dentists to avoid such a situation.
Book Review
Authors: Saha Shuva
Published: August 2017

Evidence-based Dentistry: Managing Information for Better Practice. By Derek Richards, Jan Clarkson, Debora Matthews and Rick Niederman. London: Quintessence Publishing, 2008 (156pp, £28). ISBN 978-1-85097-126-9.
Contemporary Use of Flowable Resin Composite Materials
Authors: Bonsor Stephen J
Published: August 2017

Flowable resin composite materials have become established as part of the restorative dentist's portfolio since their introduction to the market some 12 years ago. Their properties and clinical handling are different owing to their chemical and structural composition when compared to conventional resin composite materials and their advantages and shortcomings must be understood for their clinical use to be effective. This paper explains the effect of their differing composition and the clinical ramifications of this. It reviews these materials' indications and contra-indications and provides practical advice on their usage.
’Bytes and Bites’ – Using Computerized Clinical Records to Improve Patient Safety in General Dental Practice
Authors: Spicer Richard
Published: August 2017

Record-keeping is an essential part of clinical dental practice, having a direct relationship to patient safety and patient care. This study assesses the quality of record-keeping of 134 GDPs against 14 Clinical Governance standards. GDPs using computerized record systems showed statistically significantly (P < 0.05) better conformity for 11 of these standards than those using paper record systems. The use of computer records is therefore encouraged.

In particular, the recording of medical history, soft tissues assessment, periodontal assessment and radiograph clinical evaluation is shown to be suboptimal and this could have potentially serious adverse effects on patient safety and patient care.
The Use of Dentine-Bonded Crowns in Anterior Tooth Surface Loss: A Case Report
Authors: Roberts Anthony
Published: August 2017

This manuscript illustrates the management of a patient with anterior tooth surface loss. Specifically, the value of dentine-bonded crowns in the restorative management of the case is discussed as well as demonstrating the aesthetic result that can be achieved.
The Disability Discrimination Act and Access: Practical Suggestions
Authors: Qureshi B , Scambler S
Published: August 2017

This paper presents the results of a study exploring the implementation of the Disability Discrimination Act Access Guidelines amongst General Dental Practitioners based in Aylesbury town centre. Fourteen potential barriers to compliance are identified around the key concerns of cost, planning regulations and lack of information. Practical suggestions are then offered in line with the ‘Inclusive Approach’ to enable practitioners to meet the requirements and overcome practical difficulties.
How Smooth are Your Composite Restorations?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Is surface roughness of resin composites affected by operator's performance? Jung M, Otte A, Klimek J. American Journal of Dentistry 2008; 21: 3–6.
A Report of Treatment of a Fused Permanent Central Incisor and Supplemental Lateral Incisor
Authors: Ammari A B , Young R G , Welbury R R , Fung D E
Published: August 2017

A 9-year-old boy presented with a fused maxillary right permanent central incisor and displacement of the right permanent lateral incisor palatally. An unerupted supplemental maxillary left permanent lateral incisor was noted radiographically. The maxillary fused right permanent central incisor was sectioned under general anaesthesia. The distal portion was extracted as planned; a vital partial pulpotomy was carried out on the distal aspect of the retained portion. Fixed orthodontic treatment commenced after 28 months to align the maxillary anterior segment. After completion, the maxillary right permanent central incisor was built up with composite to resemble the adjacent incisor.
Oro-Facial Thermal Injury caused by Food Heated in a Microwave Oven
Authors: Wakefield Y , Pemberton MN
Published: August 2017

Burns to the oral mucosa usually result from the accidental ingestion of hot food or beverages. The burns are usually of short duration and little consequence. The widespread use of microwave ovens, however, has added a new dimension to the problem. Microwave ovens heat food much quicker than a conventional oven, but they produce uneven heating within the food and extremely high temperatures can be reached. We describe two cases of patients who suffered inadvertent injury to the oral mucosa from the ingestion of microwave-heated food.
The Incidental Finding of a Retained Gunshot Pellet
Authors: Wenham Katharine , Craig Sally , Tsitrou Effrosyni
Published: August 2017

An 80-year-old woman presented to the restorative department at the Charles Clifford Dental Hospital in Sheffield for a routine review of her dental health with no reported trauma, pain or complications relating to the oral environment. A routine periapical radiograph showed the presence of a foreign object in the right maxillary second premolar region. An unusual case is reported of a retained gunshot pellet lying in the upper buccal mucosa for 70 years without the patient experiencing any pathological signs or symptoms.
Book Review
Authors: Pretty Iain
Published: August 2017

Tooth Whitening in Esthetic Dentistry: Principles and Techniques and Communication Tool. By So-Ran Kwon and Seok-Hoon Ko. Linda H Greenwall (ed). London: Quintessence, 2008 (288pp; £94 h/b). ISBN 978-1-85097-177-1.
A Review of the Safety of Tooth Bleaching
Authors: Burrows Stephen
Published: August 2017

This article considers the safety of tooth bleaching based on a Medline search of clinical, animal and in vitro studies between 1986 and 2007.
Chondrosarcoma of the Jaws
Authors: Lloyd Timothy Edwin , Drage Nicholas , Cronin Andrew J
Published: August 2017

Chondrosarcomas are rare lesions within the head and neck. They are most common in the 4th to 5th decade of life and usually present as a painless swelling. The purpose of this paper is to present a case and review the literature with regard to the radiographic appearance. Although the radiographic appearance is variable, there are some features that are common to most cases, the most important feature being that of an ill-defined radiolucent lesion with scattered radio-opacities. Although these features are seen in other malignant diseases, these features should alert the clinician to the possibility of a chondrosarcoma.
Direct Posterior Composites: A Practical Guide
Authors: Mackenzie Louis , Shortall Adrian CC , Burke FJ Trevor
Published: August 2017

The restoration of posterior teeth with directly placed resin-bonded composite requires meticulous operative technique in order to ensure success. Case and material selection; cavity preparation; matrix selection; isolation; bonding; management of polymerization shrinkage; placement; finishing and curing of posterior composites – all present a series of challenges that dentists must master in order to ensure high-quality, long-lasting restorations. This paper describes and discusses these aspects of the provision of composites for load-bearing situations in posterior teeth.
Sports Dentistry – What's it all about?
Authors: Foster Mark , Readman Peter
Published: August 2017

This paper provides an overview of dental conditions that commonly affect individuals competing in all levels of sport. Athletes represent a group of individuals who possess specific risk factors for various dental diseases and related injuries. These patients are at greater risk of dental caries, dental erosion and traumatic dental injuries.

Therefore, a clear understanding of these conditions is vital for those practitioners who are involved in the dental care of these patients.
Principles of Crown Lengthening Surgery
Authors: Bateman Geoffrey J , Karir Naveen , Saha Shuva
Published: August 2017

Crown lengthening is an invaluable tool for the restorative dentist in the management of short clinical crown heights. This procedure, as an adjunct to a holistic restorative treatment plan, can produce predictable results, whilst ensuring good aesthetics and maintaining periodontal health. Crown lengthening procedures are invaluable where toothwear or lack of supragingival tooth substance would render full coverage restoration difficult. Gaining access to subgingival caries for strategic abutments can also be achieved in this way. In certain instances, excessive gingival show or inharmonious gingival margin levels can be aesthetically managed with crown lengthening procedures.
A Case of Facial Lymphoma Mimicking Dental Infection
Authors: Graham Richard M , Thomson Ewen F , Cousin Gary CS , Kumar SN , Awasthi A
Published: August 2017

Infective and neoplastic swellings of the face are common. Often, the differential diagnosis is obvious, but sometimes it can be difficult to ascertain. We report the case of a cheek swelling thought to be infective in origin, but this unusual lesion turned out to be a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This was found to be a solitary cutaneous lesion, with associated submandibular lymphadenopathy. The initial plan was for treatment with chemo-radiotherapy, however, the lesion has, surprisingly, begun to resolve spontaneously following biopsy.
Local Anaesthesia: Risks and Controversies
Authors: Meechan John G
Published: August 2017

This paper describes the complications that can occur as the result of the intra-oral injection of local anaesthetics. It considers important localized and systemic complications and describes strategies to limit the occurrence of such problems.
Surviving Child Sexual Abuse: The Relevance to Dental Practice
Authors: Dougall Alison , Fiske Janice
Published: August 2017

Child sexual abuse (CSA) occurs in all communities, ethnic backgrounds, religions, cultures, social and economic classes, and is experienced by both males and females. The physical and psychological effects of CSA have significant effects on adult health outcomes. Parallels have been drawn between the physical and emotional environment of dental treatment and features of the CSA experience. Consequently, adult survivors of CSA can find it difficult to tolerate dental treatment, and may repeatedly cancel dental appointments or avoid dental treatment altogether. Awareness of patient characteristics in the dental setting that indicate past CSA include discomfort with body positioning, dislike of being touched, sense of loss of control, fear of judgement and sensitivity to perceived criticism, sensitivity to particular smells and sensitivity to having instruments in the mouth. Some aspects of the dental environment and dental treatment can act as ‘triggers’ that can take survivors of CSA back to the emotions associated with that event. An understanding of the fears and anxieties this can cause in the dental setting allows the dental team to help the individual cope with the dental experience, improving it for both the patient and the provider. The development of general strategies that foster establishing a positive rapport, sharing control and treating the individual as a partner in the healthcare relationship can cultivate a positive dental experience that can have far reaching effects.
Bilateral TMJ Dislocation in a 23-month-old Infant: A Case Report
Authors: Cascarini Luke , Cameron Malcolm G
Published: August 2017

Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is rare in children. We present the second youngest case reported. Diagnosis was delayed owing to failure to recognize important clinical signs. We outline how this problem can be recognized and treated, and propose radiographic confirmation of the clinical diagnosis which is not necessary if there is no history of direct mandibular trauma. Two new clinical signs are demonstrated.
Do You Prescribe Alcohol to Your Patients?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

The role of alcohol in oral carcinogenesis with particular reference to alcohol-containing mouthwashes. McCullough MJ, Farah CS. Australian Dental Journal 2008; 53: 302–305.
Sustained Continuing Education: How a Masters Programme Makes a Difference to Primary Care Dentists
Authors: Bullock Alison , Firmstone Vickie , Burke Sarah
Published: August 2017

Courses that are part of a longer-term planned programme of continuing education are more likely to impact on the practice of dentists than short course interventions. This study assessed the impact of a part-time, five-year Master of Science (MSc) programme at the School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, designed specifically for general dental practitioners. Perceptions were sought from all 22 dentists registered on the MSc at the time of the study. The study provides evidence that a well-targeted masters programme for primary care dentists can make a difference to participants' knowledge and confidence and, importantly, generate change in practice.
The Application of Fluoride Varnish in the Prevention and Control of Dental Caries
Authors: Davies Gill M , Bridgman Colette , Hough Donna , Davies Robin M
Published: August 2017

The method of applying fluoride varnish is described and the evidence of its effectiveness in the prevention and control of caries is summarized. The application of fluoride varnish should be an integral part of caries preventive programmes.
Gingival Veneers
Authors: Hickey Barry , Jauhar Sachin
Published: August 2017

Gingival veneers have been in clinical use for over 50 years and are a predictable, inexpensive, non-invasive, effective and aesthetically pleasing way of replacing lost tissue. They can also be used as delivery vehicles for topical medicaments. This article describes their indications, contra-indications and construction.
Book Review
Authors: Carter Fiona
Published: August 2017

Implant Dental Nursing. By Ulpee R Darbur and Suzanne Morkus. Edited by Mary Miller. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008 (196 pp., £39.99). ISBN 978-1-4051-2803-2.
Malignant Disease and Dentistry
Authors: Walton Graham , Seymour Robin A
Published: August 2017

Reports of an ageing population, increasing incidence of malignancy and improved treatments mean that dentists may have an increasing number of patients with, or who have recovered from, a malignancy. Dental professionals are expected to have an understanding of this important disease group so that appropriate dental care can be provided safely. In this first of three articles, we shall describe the important epidemiological and clinical features of the commonest malignancies in the United Kingdom.
Book Review
Authors: Summerwill Anthony
Published: August 2017

The Art of Computer-Guided Implantology. Edited by Philippe Tardieu and Alan Rosenfeld. London: Quintessence Publishing Co Ltd, 2009 (240pp., £105 h/b). ISBN 9780-86715-477-1.
Current Strategies and Applications of Tissue Engineering in Dentistry – A Review Part 1
Authors: Malhotra Neeraj , Kundabala M , Acharya Shashirashmi
Published: August 2017

A new direction in the field of vital pulp therapy is given by the introduction of tissue engineering as an emerging science. It aims to regenerate a functional tooth-tissue structure by the interplay of three basic key elements: stem cells, morphogens and scaffolds. It is a multidisciplinary approach that combines the principles of biology, medicine, and engineering to repair and/or regenerate a damaged tissue and/or organ. This two part article reviews and discusses the basic concept and strategies so far studied and researched for the engineering of basic dental tissues, to restore a functional tooth anatomy. This first part focuses on a detailed description of key elements used in tissue engineering and their applied clinical applications in dentistry. The second part will deal with the strategies that are being used and/or developed to regenerate the tooth tissues with the help of this scientific principle.
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Use in Failing Endodontic Treatment − A Case Report
Authors: Bateman G , Coomaraswamy K , Saha S
Published: August 2017

Management of failing endodontic treatment may present significant challenges. The following case report describes the use of a contemporary endodontic material – Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA). Successful resolution of endodontic disease was accomplished through a combined orthograde and retrograde approach.
Water Fluoridation as a Public Health Measure
Authors: G McGrady Michael , P Ellwood Roger , A Pretty Iain
Published: August 2017

Water fluoridation schemes have been used as dental public health measures for over 50 years. This second paper in a series of three aims to provide a background to the history of water fluoridation schemes and the evidence base that led to their implementation. The article will also discuss the processes and chemicals involved in fluoridation during water treatment.
Will Digital Radiography Really Improve Your Practice Efficiency?
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Work flow with digital intra-oral radiography: a systematic review. Wenzel A and Møystad A. Acta Odont Scand 2010; 68: 106–114.
Revisiting the Principles of Partial Denture Design
Authors: Stilwell Charlotte
Published: August 2017

Dentists may find partial denture design difficult. This is often due to lack of educational experience.1,2,3 Removable partial dentures (RPDs) are one-off prosthodontic solutions that require proper assessment, planning and preparation, combined with effective design. This article revisits the principles of RPD design.
Dental Decisions – An Emotional Experience?
Authors: Johnson Ilona , Chestnutt Ivor , Smith Andrew
Published: August 2017

This article discusses the psychological literature on emotion, highlighting the effect of emotion on decision-making. This is applied to the example of dentistry.
2. Main Risk Factors and Epidemiology
Authors: Warnakulasuriya Saman , Scully Crispian
Published: August 2017

This series aims to enhance the healthcare team's awareness of the importance of early detection by recognizing signs and symptoms of orofacial cancers and their management, and of prevention. It discusses treatment complications from surgery, radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CTX), summarizing the outcomes of a meeting on ‘Oral Healthcare in People Living with Cancer’ held in 2010, attended by 300 delegates from 33 countries – dentists, specialists, and Dental Care Professionals (DCPs), and the cancer support team. There is a considerable body of literature on oral cancer but very little is written on healthcare aspects of people living with cancer and a particular focus of this meeting was caring for survivors. The Faculty included European leaders in the field who have authored the series. The full peer-reviewed papers from the meeting are published in Oral Oncology 2010; 46; 485–570.
Book Review
Authors: Miller Alasdair G
Published: August 2017

Common Medical Conditions: A Guide for the Dental Team. By Stephen C Bain, John Hamburger and Crispian Scully. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010 (162pp., £39.99 h/b). ISBN 9-781405-1859936.
Immediate Dentures: 1. Treatment Planning
Authors: George Geoffrey St , Hussain Sela , Welfare Richard
Published: August 2017

The treatment planning, clinical stages and construction of immediate dentures pose challenges to both dentist, dental technician and patient. In this two-part series, the various principles for successfully providing patients with immediate dentures will be discussed. This first paper examines the advantages and disadvantages, as well as the treatment planning involved in providing immediate dentures.
Drug Interactions with Local Anaesthetic Preparations used by Primary Care Dental Practitioners
Authors: Henderson Simone
Published: August 2017

A number of drug interactions that may potentially occur with local anaesthetic preparations are listed in the British National Formulary (BNF) and Summaries of Product Characteristics (SmPC). Many are theoretical or are associated with higher doses of local anaesthetic preparations than those used for dental procedures in primary care. Reports of serious interactions between medicines and local anaesthetic preparations occurring in dental practice are exceedingly rare. Practitioners can minimize the risk of interactions by using an aspirating syringe, which reduces the likelihood of the local anaesthetic being administered directly into a blood vessel. Adhering to the dosage recommendations in the product literature will also minimize the risk. This paper will explore the clinical significance of potential interactions between dental local anaesthetic preparations used in primary care and other medicines as listed in the BNF and SmPCs. These are summarized in Tables 1 and 2.