bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity, structure and regulation of microbial metallothionein: metal resistance and possible applications in sequestration of toxic metals
Authors: Chatterjee Shreosi , Kumari Supriya , Rath Sonalin , Priyadarshanee Monika , Das Surajit
Published: September 2020

Metallothioneins (MTs) are a group of cysteine-rich, universal, low molecular weight proteins distributed widely in almost all major taxonomic groups ranging from tiny microbes to highly organized vertebrates. The primary function of this protein is storage, transportation and binding of metals, which enable microorganisms to detoxify heavy metals. In the microbial world, these peptides were first identified in a cyanobacterium Synechococcus as the SmtA protein which exhibits high affinity towards rising level of zinc and cadmium to preserve metal homeostasis in a cell. In yeast, MTs aid in reserving copper and confer protection against copper toxicity by chelating excess copper ions in a cell. Two MTs, CUP1 and Crs5, originating from Saccharomyces cerevisiae predominantly bind to copper though are capable of binding with zinc and cadmium ions. MT superfamily 7 is found in ciliated protozoa which show high affinity towards copper and cadmium. Several tools and techniques, such as western blot, capillary electrophoresis, inductively coupled plasma, atomic emission spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography, have been extensively utilized for the detection and quantification of microbial MTs which are utilized for the efficient remediation and sequestration of heavy metals from a contaminated environment.
A flower-inspired divergent light-trapping structure with quasi-spherical symmetry towards a high-performance flexible photodetector
Authors: Liu Sixiang , Tian Junlong , Wu Shu , Jia Xilin , Luo Minyuan , Zhang Wang
Published: September 2020

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has received widespread attention in recent years due to its exciting properties.
Two-photon active nucleus-targeting carbon dots: enhanced ROS generation and photodynamic therapy for oral cancer
Authors: Nasrin Aklima , Hassan Mahbub , Gomes Vincent G.
Published: September 2020

Novel conjugated carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized as two-photon active photosensitisers to unleash lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) for nucleus-targeting photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Copper(i)-catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 3] annulation involving aziridines to construct tetrahydro-β-carbolines
Authors: Ye Chao , Yang Wu-Lin , Zhai Yufei , Deng Hua , Luo Xiaoyan , Kai Guoyin , Deng Wei-Ping
Published: September 2020

A copper-catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 3] annulation of 2-vinylindoles with 2-aryl aziridines has been described, providing direct access to enantioenriched tetrahydro-β-carbolines.
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(amine)-coated nickel oxide nanoparticles for norfloxacin delivery: antibacterial and cytotoxicity efficiency
Authors: Salahuddin Nehal , Gaber Mohamed , Mousa Maie , Abdelwahab Mohamed A.
Published: September 2020

PHB/poly(amine)-coated NiO nanoparticles for NOR delivery: antibacterial and cytotoxicity efficiency.
Water discrimination based on the kinetic variations of AgNP spectrum
Authors: Shariati-Rad Masoud , Mozaffari Yalda
Published: September 2020

Water samples can be classified by AgNPs.
Lithium bromide: an inexpensive and efficient catalyst for imine hydroboration with pinacolborane at room temperature
Authors: Kim Hanbi , Kim Hyun Tae , Lee Ji Hye , Hwang Hyonseok , An Duk Keun
Published: September 2020

An efficient protocol for the hydroboration of imines using LiBr is reported.
Progress and prospects in copper-catalyzed C–H functionalization
Authors: Aneeja Thaipparambil , Neetha Mohan , Afsina C. M. A. , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: September 2020

Copper-catalyzed C–H functionalization has gone through some major progress in recent times. These efficient, selective and cost-effective reactions offer new avenues towards the synthesis of complex organic compounds.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of quaternary trifluoromethyl α- to ε-amino acid derivativesviaumpolung allylation/2-aza-Cope rearrangement
Authors: Sun Xi-Shang , Wang Xing-Heng , Tao Hai-Yan , Wei Liang , Wang Chun-Jiang
Published: September 2020

In this study, we developed an efficient Ir-catalyzed cascade umpolung allylation/2-aza-Cope rearrangement for the preparation of a variety of quaternary trifluoromethyl α-ε-amino acids in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities.
Simultaneous hole transport and defect passivation enabled by a dopant-free single polymer for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Jiang Xiaoqing , Liu Xuan , Zhang Jiafeng , Ahmad Sajjad , Tu Dandan , Qin Wei , Jiu Tonggang , Pang Shuping , Guo Xin , Li Can
Published: September 2020

Dopant-free hole-transporting polymers with simultaneous main-chain hole extraction/transport and side-chain defect passivation are developed for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
Realizing a high-performance LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2/silicon–graphite full lithium ion battery cellviaa designer electrolyte additive
Authors: Aupperle Felix , Eshetu Gebrekidan Gebresilassie , Eberman Kevin W. , Xioa Ang , Bridel Jean-Sebastien , Figgemeier Egbert
Published: September 2020

The dosage of (2-cyanoethyl)triethoxysilane (TEOSCN) is investigated as the electrode/electrolyte interface modulating electrolyte additive to improve the performance of LiN0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2/silicon–graphite batteries at a high temperature (45 °C).
Mixed polyvinyl pyrrolidone hydrogel-mediated synthesis of high-quality Ag nanowires for high-performance transparent conductors
Authors: Han Mei , Ge Yongjie , Liu Jianfang , Cao Zhongzhong , Li Moxia , Duan Xidong , Hu Jiawen
Published: September 2020

A novel mixed PVP hydrogel-mediated polyol reduction method was developed for the synthesis of high-quality Ag nanowires with negligible Ag nanoparticles produced, high aspect ratio (exceeding 1200), and a thin (∼1 nm) capping layer.
Novel two-dimensional crystalline carbon nitrides beyond g-C3N4: structure and applications
Authors: Tan Li , Nie Chunyang , Ao Zhimin , Sun Hongqi , An Taicheng , Wang Shaobin
Published: September 2020

Recent advances in the synthesis of 2D CxNy nanocrystals and their properties and applications are summarized; future challenges and opportunities for 2D CxNy nanocrystals are also discussed.
Superior antibacterial activity of gallium based liquid metals due to Ga3+induced intracellular ROS generation
Authors: Li Lei , Chang Hao , Yong Nie , Li Meixi , Hou Yi , Rao Wei
Published: September 2020

Gallium metals demonstrate enhanced antibacterial activity compared to gallium nitrate with the same gallium ion concentration.
Dual-path modulation of hydrogen peroxide to ameliorate hypoxia for enhancing photodynamic/starvation synergistic therapy
Authors: Liu Xinhe , Liu Jing , Chen Shangyu , Xie Yuxin , Fan Quli , Zhou Jiahong , Bao Jianchun , Wei Tianxiang , Dai Zhihui
Published: September 2020

An oxygen generation strategy is presented by dual-path modulation of hydrogen peroxide to ameliorate hypoxia, thereby achieving enhanced photodynamic/starvation synergistic therapy effects.
A novel strategy for tumor therapy: targeted, PAA-functionalized nano-hydroxyapatite nanomedicine
Authors: Zhang Shuiquan , Ma Xiaoyu , Sha Dongyong , Qian Jiangchao , Yuan Yuan , Liu Changsheng
Published: September 2020

The rapid development of nanotechnology has provided new strategies for the treatment of tumors.
A tumor-targeted theranostic nanomedicine with strong absorption in the NIR-II biowindow for image-guided multi-gradient therapy
Authors: Chen Qi , Zheng Ziliang , He Xiaojing , Rong Shuo , Qin Yufei , Peng Xiaoyang , Zhang Ruiping
Published: September 2020

Developing new strategies to enhance drug accumulation in the tumor and therapeutic efficacy is of great importance in the field of tumor therapy.
Enhancing the light-emitting performance and stability in CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots via simultaneous doping and surface passivation
Authors: Yang Hengxiang , Yin Wenxu , Dong Wei , Gao Long , Tan Ching-Hong , Li Wubo , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Jiaqi
Published: September 2020

Inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as a promising candidate for optoelectronic applications due to their narrow emission and color purity, among other things.
Enhancing optical functionality by co-loading NaYF4:Yb,Er and CdSe QDs in a single core-shell nanocapsule
Authors: Antoniak Magda A. , Bazylińska Urszula , Wawrzyńczyk Dominika , Ćwierzona Maciej , Maćkowski Sebastian , Piątkowski Dawid , Kulbacka Julita , Nyk Marcin
Published: September 2020

Nonlinear optical properties of nanocapsules co-loaded with up-converting NaYF4 NPs and CdSe QD are investigated. Large two-photon absorption and low cytotoxicity determine studied nanocapsules for effective luminescence visualisation applications.
Synthetic versatility, reaction pathway, and thermal stability of tetrahedrite nanoparticles
Authors: Fasana Christine D. , Jensen Mitchel S. , García Ponte Graciela E. , MacAlister Tyler R. , Kunkel Grace E. , Rogers John P. , Ochs Andrew M. , Stevens Daniel L. , Weller Daniel P. , Morelli Donald T. , Anderson Mary E.
Published: September 2020

A modified polyol process produces undoped and doped tetrahedrite. Bottom-up solution-phase formation of nanomaterial is investigated. Impact of nanostructuring and doping on thermal properties is evaluated.
Robust control of a floating OWC WEC under open‐switch fault condition in one or in both VSCs
Authors: Ramirez Dionisio , Blanco Marcos , Zarei Mohammad Ebrahim , Gupta Mahima
Published: September 2020

The operation and maintenance activity of off‐shore wind turbines (WTs) increases the cost of the generated energy. Although significant efforts have been made to improve the reliability of the mechanical subassemblies, electrical and electronic subassemblies fail more frequently, causing undesirable downtimes and loss of revenues. Since off‐shore WTs and wave energy converters (WECs) share the electrical and electronic subassemblies, the reliability of WECs is expected to be affected by the same causes. This study presents a robust model predictive control for a WEC consisting of an oscillating water column (OWC) installed in a point absorber. The control system is capable of dealing with open switch faults in one or two insulated‐gate bipolar transistors of the same arm in any of the voltage source converters (VSCs), or even in both VSCs at the same time. The system allows the OWC WEC to generate energy, although under certain restrictions, thereby reducing the urgency of repair and loss of revenues. The performance of the proposed approach is tested for several cases of open switch faults, experimentally in the laboratory using an OWC WEC emulator.
Models of high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations and black hole spin estimates in Galactic microquasars
Authors: Kotrlová A. , Šrámková E. , Török G. , Goluchová K. , Horák J. , Straub O. , Lančová D. , Stuchlík Z. , Abramowicz M. A.
Published: September 2020

We explore the influence of nongeodesic pressure forces present in an accretion disc on the frequencies of its axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric epicyclic oscillation modes. We discuss its implications for models of high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), which have been observed in the X-ray flux of accreting black holes (BHs) in the three Galactic microquasars, GRS 1915+105, GRO J1655−40, and XTE J1550−564. We focus on previously considered QPO models that deal with low-azimuthal-number epicyclic modes, |m| ≤ 2, and outline the consequences for the estimations of BH spin, a ∈ [0, 1]. For four out of six examined models, we find only small, rather insignificant changes compared to the geodesic case. For the other two models, on the other hand, there is a significant increase of the estimated upper limit on the spin. Regarding the falsifiability of the QPO models, we find that one particular model from the examined set is incompatible with the data. If the spectral spin estimates for the microquasars that point to a >  0.65 were fully confirmed, two more QPO models would be ruled out. Moreover, if two very different values of the spin, such as a ≈ 0.65 in GRO J1655−40 and a ≈ 1 in GRS 1915+105, were confirmed, all the models except one would remain unsupported by our results. Finally, we discuss the implications for a model that was recently proposed in the context of neutron star (NS) QPOs as a disc-oscillation-based modification of the relativistic precession model. This model provides overall better fits of the NS data and predicts more realistic values of the NS mass compared to the relativistic precession model. We conclude that it also implies a significantly higher upper limit on the microquasar’s BH spin (a ∼ 0.75 vs. a ∼ 0.55).
Investigating the foF2 variations at the Ionospheric Observatory of Rome during different solar cycles minimums and levels of geomagnetic activity
Authors: Ippolito Alessandro , Perrone Loredana , Plainaki Christina , Cesaroni Claudio
Published: September 2020

The variations of the hourly observations of the critical frequency foF2, recorded at the Ionospheric Observatory of Rome by the AIS-INGV ionosonde (geographic coordinates 41.82° N, 12.51° E; geomagnetic coordinates 41.69° N, 93.97° E) during the low activity periods at the turn of solar cycles 21–22, 22–23 and 23–24, are investigated. Deviations of foF2 greater than ± 15% with respect to a background level, and with a minimum duration of 3 h, are here considered anomalous. The dependence of these foF2 anomalies on geomagnetic activity has been accurately investigated. Particular attention has been paid to the last deep solar minimum 2007–2009, in comparison with the previous solar cycle minima. The lack of day-time anomalous negative variations in the critical frequency of the F2 layer, is one of the main findings of this work. Moreover, the analysis of the observed foF2 anomalies confirms the existence of two types of positive F2 layer disturbances, characterised by different morphologies and, different underlying physical processes. A detailed analysis of four specific cases allows the definition of possible scenarios for the explanation of the mechanisms behind the generation of the foF2 anomalies.
Notfallmedizinisches Management von Handverletzungen
Authors: Gunßer Jan-Christoph , Säuberlich Stefanie , Gässler Holger , Weißleder Anne
Published: September 2020

Auch wenn nicht jede Handverletzung lebensbedrohlich ist bzw. die Alarmierung eines Notarztes nach sich zieht, bedarf es in den meisten Fällen exakter anatomischer Kenntnisse. Am Unfallort stellt die Unübersichtlichkeit der Verletzungen oft eine große Herausforderung dar, die zur weiteren Versorgung meist in ein Traumazentrum mit handchirurgischer Expertise gehört. Im Beitrag werden die Grundlagen der Anatomie, die häufigsten Handverletzungen von Erwachsenen und Kindern und das jeweilige notfallmedizinische Management vorgestellt.
Retrosigmoid Approach for Resecting a Giant Lateral Pontine Ependymoma: Two-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Wang Hongxiang , Yan Yong , Xu Tao , Chen Juxiang
Published: September 2020

Ependymoma is one of the most common pediatric tumors in central nervous system, for which gross total resection has been the most favorable prognostic factor.1
2 However, surgery of ependymomas located in brain stem is significantly challenging. This video demonstrates the microsurgical removal of an ependymoma originating from ependymal cells of the lateral recess of fourth ventricle via retrosigmoid approach in an 11-year-old female. The patient presented with a 6-month history of continues headache and vomiting. On examination, she had a walking instability and an emaciated body. Neuroimaging revealed a right lateral pontine lesion extending to the cerebellopontine angle region. The patient underwent a suboccipital craniotomy, followed by excellent exposure for the tumor. Petrosal vein encased by the tumor mass and close adhesion of the tumor and the initial segments of facial and acoustic nerves adjoined brain stem could be seen operatively. While preserving trigeminal nerve, facial and acoustic nerves, posterior cranial nerves, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, labyrinth artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery, and petrosal vein, gross total resection was achieved under the careful operation along arachnoid spaces together with intratumoral decompression. The patient tolerated the procedure well without any neurological deficits. Histological examination confirmed the tumor as an ependymoma (WHO II). The cytology measurement of the cerebrospinal fluid did not find any tumor cells. Postoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scan depicted complete resection of the tumor, and adjuvant radiotherapy was recommended. She remained symptom-free without any evidence of recurrence during the follow-up period of 1 year. Informed consent was obtained from the patient.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/sZ9GhUeltwc.
Evolution of Liver Transplant Selection Criteria and U.S. Allocation Policy for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Heimbach Julie K.
Published: September 2020

Liver transplantation (LT) is an optimal treatment option for early-stage unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis as it provides a treatment for underlying liver disease as well as a decreased incidence of recurrent cancer compared with alternative treatment strategies. A primary barrier to LT for HCC is the critical shortage of available liver allografts. The system of prioritization and access to deceased donor transplantation for patient with HCC in the United States has continued to evolve, while variable approaches including no additional priority, are in use around the world. While the Milan criteria remain the most well-established pretransplantation selection criteria, multiple other algorithms which expand beyond Milan have been proposed. The current review focuses on liver allocation for HCC as well as the principles and varied models available for pretransplant patient selection.
Cavernous Sinus Meningioma with Orbital Involvement: Algorithmic Decision-Making and Treatment Strategy
Authors: Raheja Amol , Couldwell William T.
Published: September 2020

Cavernous sinus meningioma (CSM) with orbital involvement presents a unique challenge to modern-day neurosurgeons. In the modern era of preventive medicine with enhanced screening tools, physicians encounter CSM more frequently. An indolent natural history, late clinical presentation, close proximity to vital neurovascular structures, poor tumor-to-normal tissue interface, and high risk of iatrogenic morbidity and mortality with aggressive resection add to the complexity of decision-making and optimal management of these lesions. The clinical dilemma of deciding whether to observe or intervene first for asymptomatic lesions remains an enigma in current practice. The concepts of management for CSM with orbital involvement have gradually evolved from radical resection to a more conservative surgical approach with maximal safe resection, with the specific goals of preserving function and reducing proptosis. This change in surgical attitude has enabled better long-term functional outcomes with conservative approaches as compared with functionally disabled outcomes resulting from the pursuit of anatomical cure from disease with radical resection. The advent of stereotactic radiosurgery as an adjunct tool to treat residual CSM has greatly shaped our resection principles and planning. Interdisciplinary collaboration for multimodality management is key to successful management of these difficult to treat lesions and tailor management as per individual's requirement.
Predictors of Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Colonization in Joint Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Stapleton Erik J. , Petrone Brandon , Zois Theofanis , Papas Vivian , Frane Nicholas , Green Evan , Scuderi Giles R.
Published: September 2020

Early identification and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) nasal colonization can reduce the risk of prosthetic joint infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient-specific predictors for S. aureus nasal colonization in total joint arthroplasty patients to aid in preoperative screening protocols. A total of 2,147 arthroplasty patients who were preoperatively screened for S. aureus nasal colonization were retrospectively reviewed. Factors analyzed consisted of procedure type, primary diagnosis, gender, ethnicity, body mass index, the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, use of immunosuppression medication, smoking history, and chronic kidney disease. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with significance p < 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals. Overall, 3.7% (79) of our cohort tested positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and 23.2% (493) tested positive for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Independent predictors for MRSA colonization were of Hispanic ethnicity (p = 0.001, odds ratio [OR] 13.98, confidence interval [CI] 2.97–65.76), immunosuppression medication use (p = 0.006, OR 2.82, CI 1.35–5.87), and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedure (p < 0.001, OR 7.51, CI 2.58–21.89). Independent predictors for MSSA colonization were body mass index (BMI) >35 (p = 0.002, OR 1.57, CI 1.19–2.1). Variables were found to be protective against MSSA colonization including female gender (p = 0.012, OR 0.76, CI 0.61–0.94), age 60 to 69 (p = 0.025, OR 0.75, CI 0.58–0.96), and age 70 to 79 (p = 0.002, OR 0.63, CI 0.47–0.84). Age, Hispanic ethnicity, gender, revision THA, use of immunosuppression medication, and elevated BMI were independent risk factors for S. aureus nasal colonization.
Anatomical Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Are Not Important As Patellar Instability Risk Factors in Patients with Acute Knee Injury
Authors: Gobbi Riccardo Gomes , Videira Livia Dau , dos Santos Anderson Albuquerque , Saruhashi Marcello Barni , Lucarini Bruno Romano , Fernandes Renan José Rodrigues , Giglio Pedro Nogueira , Pécora José Ricardo , Camanho Gilberto Luis , Hinckel Betina Bremer
Published: September 2020

To compare in magnetic resonance imaging the anatomical risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and patellar dislocation among patients who suffered acute knee injury, 105 patients with acute knee injury resulting in 38 patellar dislocations (patella group), 35 ACL injuries (ACL group), and 32 meniscus or medial collateral ligament injuries (control group) were included. These groups were compared for risk factors for patellar dislocation (patellar height, trochlear dysplasia, and quadriceps angle of action) and for ACL injury (intercondylar width, posterior inclination of tibial plateaus, and depth of the medial plateau). Univariate analysis found statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the patella and ACL groups in patellar height (Caton-Deschamps [CD] 1.23 vs. 1.07), trochlear facet asymmetry (55 vs. 68%), PTTG (13.08 vs. 8.01 mm), and the patellar tip and trochlear groove (PTTG) angle (29.5 vs. 13.71 degrees). The patella group also differed from control in medial plateau inclination (4.8 vs. 1.87 degrees), patellar height (CD 1.23 vs 1.08), trochlear facet asymmetry (55 vs. 69%), lateral trochlear inclination (17.11 vs. 20.65 degrees), trochlear depth (4.1 vs. 6.05 mm), PTTG (13.08 vs. 9.85 mm), and the PTTG angle (29.5 vs. 17.88 degrees). The ACL and control groups were similar in all measures. Multivariate analysis found the following significant determinants between the Patella and Control groups: patellar height (CD index, odds ratio [OR]: 80.13, p = 0.015), trochlear anatomy (asymmetry of facets M/L, OR: 1.06, p = 0.031) and quadriceps action angle (PTTG angle, OR: 1.09, p = 0.016); between the ACL and control groups: PTTG angle (OR: 0.936, p = 0.04) and female gender (OR: 3.876, p = 0.032); and between the patella and ACL groups, the CD index (OR: 67.62, p = 0.026), asymmetry of the M/L facets (OR: 1.07, p = 0.011) and PTTG angle (OR: 1.16, p < 0.001). In conclusion, in patients with acute knee injury, the anatomical factors patellar height, trochlear dysplasia, and quadriceps angle of action were related to the occurrence of patellar dislocation. None of the anatomical factors studied was related to the occurrence of anterior cruciate ligament injury.
Depression Is Not Independently Associated with a Clinically Worse Functional Improvement but Associated with a Lower Reported Satisfaction Rate after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Clement Nicholas D. , Lin Chung M. A. , McCone Emma , Weir David J. , Deehan David J.
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to assess whether depression had a clinically significant influence on the functional improvement of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and whether it influences patient satisfaction at 1 year. A retrospective cohort of 3,510 primary TKA was identified from an arthroplasty database. Patient demographics, comorbidities, WOMAC, and Short Form-12 (SF-12) scores were collected preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. Patient satisfaction (overall, pain relief, return to work, and recreational activity) was assessed at 1 year. There were 444 (12.6%) patients who self-reported depression. Patients with depression were younger (p < 0.001), had a higher body mass index (BMI; p < 0.001), were more likely to be female (p < 0.001), had lung (p < 0.001), neurological (p = 0.018), kidney (p = 0.001), liver (p < 0.001), and gastric (p < 0.001) disease, report associated diabetes (p = 0.001), and back pain (p < 0.001) relative to the subgroup without depression. All preoperative WOMAC functional measures were significantly (p < 0.001) worse in patients with reported depression. When adjusting for these confounding differences, patients with depression had a clinically equal improvement in their WOMAC scores at 1 year compared to those patients without. Depression was not associated with a clinically significant difference in improvement of knee-specific outcome (WOMAC) but was independently associated with a lower rate of patient satisfaction 1 year after TKA. Patients with depression were approximately twice as likely to be dissatisfied at 1 year when compared with those without depression. This is a prognostic retrospective cohort study and reflects level of evidence III.
Colorectal Vascular Anomalies
Authors: McGuire Anna , Dickie Belinda H.
Published: September 2020

Vascular anomalies represent a diverse group of tumors and malformations. Those involving the colon and rectum can greatly impact patients' quality of life. Proper workup to ensure the correct diagnosis can vary and may include endoscopic and radiographic studies. These lesions can also be challenging to treat and often require a multidisciplinary approach to ensure the best possible outcome. Treatment can include medical therapy, sclerotherapy, endoscopic, and operative intervention. Many patients will require multimodal therapy. We discuss the workup and management of vascular lesions of the colon and rectum.
COVID-19 Outbreak: Key Considerations for Safety of Health Care Workers
Authors: Kaur Mohanjeet
Published: September 2020

Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has unprecedented effects on both patients and health care workers (HCWs), we need to ponder upon various issues pertinent to HCWs, especially females. In this chapter, we intend to have an insight into challenges faced by HCWs regarding their risk profile, wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), and social, financial, and quarantine-related issues. We have tried to include data available so far regarding mortality of HCWs in fighting this epidemic. Also, health problems related to wearing PPE kits especially in female HCWs need to be addressed. Hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis for extended duration also needs well-defined guidelines.
World-wide barriers and enablers to achieving evidence-informed practice in education: what can be learnt from Spain, England, the United States, and Germany?
Authors: Malin Joel R. , Brown Chris , Ion Georgeta , van Ackeren Isabell , Bremm Nina , Luzmore Ruth , Flood Jane , Rind Gul Muhammad
Published: September 2020

A global push exists to bolster the connections between research and practice in education. However, fostering evidence-informed practice (EIP) has proven challenging. Indeed, this ‘problem’ requires simultaneously attending to multiple aspects/levels of education systems, and to the contexts within which they reside. As such, comparative analyses using systems approaches hold potential for achieving context-specific insights regarding how to foster EIP. However, such analyses have been scarce, and what research does exist has generally been limited relative to methods and theory. Given this, the present study executes and describes/reflects upon a novel approach for analysing and comparing EIP in/across systems. In this study, educators’ evidence use patterns are described and comparatively analysed, using a sample of four regions within high-income national settings: Catalonia (Spain), England (UK), Massachusetts (USA), and Rheinland-Pfalz (Germany). This study employs a dual analytical frame (a cohesion/regulation matrix and institutional theory) to supply a methodological lens through which to understand EIP within and across these four systems. Together, this approach not only provides a way of accounting for the macro-level differences between contexts, it also enables a comparison of meso-level and micro-level factors (via institutional theory) that might be common and distinct across systems. This study’s findings reveal substantial diversity in the extent and nature of evidence use between systems, which in turn patterned according to distinctive cultural, systemic, and institutional features. Considering these findings, this study’s discussion advances some provisional insights and reflections regarding actual and potential EIP in education. For example, variability relative to the types/extents of accountability pressures, and how this affected educators’ data and evidence use, enabled a discussion holding relevance for policymakers. We also share process-related insights—i.e., describing the advances and challenges we experienced while undertaking this new approach. These points hold relevance for colleagues wishing to emulate and improve upon the efforts described herein, which we argue are applicable both in and beyond the education sector. Relative to education, these approaches can be applied and improved with an eye toward developing context-specific (vs. one-size-fits-all) packages for fostering EIP and, ultimately, achieving high quality and progressively improving schools/systems.
Cohesive energy and interaction of superparamagnetic aggregates
Authors: Rojas N. , Cerda M. , Ravasio A. , Rudge T.
Published: September 2020

The self-assembly of monomers, chains, and bundles is often observed in magnetic mixtures. The most probable interaction between the aggregates in a superparamagnetic colloidal suspension is associated with the minimum of the effective magnetic potential in the two and three dimensional relative shift space, which yields a concrete criterion to be employed for prediction of the cohesive energy and the mean length of the aggregates in the fluid bulk.
Age and growth of two sharpnose shark species (Rhizoprionodon lalandii and R. porosus) in subtropical waters of the south-western Atlantic
Authors: Corsso Jéssica T. , Gadig Otto B. F. , Caltabellotta Fabio P. , Barreto Rodrigo , Motta Fabio S.
Published: September 2020

The age and growth of subtropical populations of the Brazilian and Caribbean sharpnose sharks (Rhizoprionodon lalandii and R. porosus respectively) were determined by combining direct and indirect ageing methods, maximising the use of available information. Using vertebrae ageing for R. lalandii, the theoretical maximum length L∞ and growth coefficient k were 661.9mm and 1.14 year–1 for males and 751.7mm and 0.59 year–1 for females. Vertebrae were not sampled for R. porosus. Values of L∞ and k from electronic length–frequency analyses (ELEFAN) were 762mm and 0.71 year–1 for male R. lalandii, 791mm and 0.67 year–1 for female R. lalandii, 1040mm and 0.41 year–1 for male R. porosus and 1165mm and 0.31 year–1 for female R. porosus. Growth during the first year of life in relation to birth size was 80.3% for R. lalandii and 55% for R. porosus. Both species exhibit rapid growth, primarily in the first year of life. The growth estimates for R. lalandii and R. porosus are even faster than those reported in previous studies from tropical populations.
Patterns and trends in simultaneous wildfire activity in the United States from 1984 to 2015
Authors: Podschwit Harry , Cullen Alison
Published: September 2020

The simultaneous occurrence of wildfire can hinder firefighting effectiveness via multiple mechanisms that might explain historical resource demand trends. We validate this hypothesis by using data from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) project to determine if simultaneous wildfire occurrence is correlated with preparedness levels and examine potential changes in simultaneous wildfire activity over the 1984–2015 record. We explore patterns that are helpful for predicting simultaneous wildfire, such as seasonal variability in simultaneity, cross-regional correlations and models of simultaneous wildfire occurrence based on dryness and lightning indicators. We show that simultaneous wildfire is at least as correlated with preparedness levels as other burned area measures and identify changes in simultaneous wildfire occurrence within the western and southern United States. Seasonal variation and spatial autocorrelation in simultaneous wildfire occurrence provide evidence of coupling of wildfire activity in portions of the western United States. Best-approximating models of simultaneity suggest that high levels of simultaneous wildfire often coincided with low fuel moisture and high levels of lightning occurrence. Model uncertainty was high in some contexts but, with only a few exceptions, there was strong evidence that the best model should include both a dryness and lightning indicator.
In and out of tune
Authors: Naranjo Beatriz , Rojo López Ana María
Published: September 2020

This study explores the potential effects of musical congruence and incongruence on translation quality and creativity. An experiment was carried out in which participants translated excerpts from happy and sad narratives while they listened to source-text congruent and incongruent soundtracks. Statistical analyses were performed to compare translation performance under three different sound conditions: musical congruence, musical incongruence, and silence. The results reveal a positive influence of congruent musical stimuli on translation creativity. Correlations are also found between levels of empathy and creativity, suggesting that an increase in translation creativity under the effects of music could be mediated by reported high levels of empathy under the musical congruence condition.
Research on the Influence of Noise to Laser Ultrasound SAFT for Lead Defect Detection
Authors: Yang Ting , He Wen , He Jianzong , He Haohui , Yuan Jinjing , Zhang Wan , Yuan Ling , Zhang Hongchao
Published: September 2020

Synthetic Aperture Focusing (SAFT) is one of the methods to improve the spatial resolution in the traditional acoustics field. Its basic principle is to combine a series of small-aperture sensors to replace a large-aperture sensor in order to improve the detection lateral resolution. However, the practical detection results will be affected by noise. In this paper, the time-domain B-scan signal is obtained by establishing a physical model of a lead sample containing defects and computing with finite element method. Then, the influence of noise with different signal-tonoise ratio(SNR) on SAFT imaging results is studied. The results show that SAFT algorithm has better anti-noise performance, and can still obtain good results even when the SNR is low.
Preparation and Study of Multi-Arm Azo Chiral Liquid Crystal Macromolecules
Authors: Li Ruoyan , Wang Xue , Liu Wenye , Yao Danshu
Published: September 2020

Utilizing 4-methoxyaniline, aliphatic diacid with different chain length, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid and cholesterol as raw materials, nine novel liquid crystal macromolecule were synthesized by diazotization and condensation reaction. We confirmed their molecular structure by IR spectra and observed their mesophase behaviors through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM).We found that all liquid crystal macromolecule had unique texture of cholesteric phase and summarized the conciusions of which liquid crystal properties were influenced by number of liquid crystal arms and strength of flexible chain length.
An Egg-Box Sandwich Structure Static Behavior
Authors: Guo Dongling , Wang Shuai , Zhou Kaifa , Li Zhong , Chen Luning
Published: September 2020

There is a significant theoretical and applied value to study sandwich structures mechanical behavior in the anti-collision device due to their excellent physical and mechanical performance. A new egg-box sandwich structure device was designed. Next, the important factors (cell half-height h, cell thickness t
0 and cell width b) affecting the deformation capability and energy absorption performance of the structure were explored by the finite element method in this paper. The findings show that cell geometric parameters have a remarkable effect on structural deformation capability and energy-absorption performance. In addition, the structural displacement rises significantly with the size of cell half-height h increasing. Besides, the more quickly the cell thickness t
0 rises, the more obviously the displacement and the stress of the structure decrease. Also, with the size of cell width b gradually enlarging, the displacement and the stress increase at first and then decrease. When cell width b is 50mm, the structure has extraoridnary deformability and energy-absorption characteristics. Thus, the study of the parameters of the egg-box sandwich structure can provide some effective inspirations for the design of vehicle anti-collision device.
Application of Self-Healing Intelligent Polymer Materials in Anti-aging Research
Authors: Huo Lianyi , Allman Alan , Chen Siming
Published: September 2020

The self-healing materials come from the bionic research of the self-healing phenomenon of the organism. Self-healing materials can self-repair and restore some mechanical properties when damaged. With the development of material science in recent years, more and more attention has been paid to intellectual materials. Self-healing polymer materials play an important role in the field of intellectual materials because of their unique properties. It is significant for polymer materials in the engineering field to repair micro-cracks in time. This article summarizes the related characteristics of self-healing polymer intellectual materials and the causes and coping modes leading to the aging of polymer materials, as well as the application of self-repairing polymer intelligent materials at home and abroad in anti-aging research, and expounds its broad prospects for development.
Study on Laser Welding Technology and Properties of Ti75 Titanium Alloy
Authors: Cao Shouqi , He Xin , Liu Wanrong , Feng Jiecai
Published: September 2020

For Ti75 titanium alloy with a thickness of 3mm, 10kW continuous fiber laser was used to conduct lap test on the material. By adjusting the reserved gap between two plates, laser power, welding speed and defocusing amount, the macroscopic morphology and microstructure characteristics of the welded joint were analyzed, and the tensile properties and micro-hardness of the welded joint were tested. The results show that, under the appropriate process parameters, the weld of the specimens is beautiful and the degree of oxidation is low, the tensile strength of the welded joint can reach the level of the base material, and the hardness value is higher than the base material. By adjusting laser welding parameters such as laser power, welding speed and defocusing amount, welding joint quality can be effectively controlled.
Evidence of Polarons and Bipolarons in a Chemically Pressurized Nanoparticle Bi2Ba2Tb0.5Cu2O4+y
Authors: M.E. Emetere , C. Ofulue , S.A. Afolalu , R.S. Fono-Tamo
Published: September 2020

Previous researches on underdoped and overdoped Bi-2212 superconductor have shown that its mechanism follows the polarons-bipolarons theory of superconductivity. In this study, a chemically pressurized Bi-2212 compounds was synthesized and characterized. It was observed that phase analysis reveals the unique route of electron flow within the polycrystalline sample. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows the presence of static and dynamic localizations that proves the possibly presence of Bose-Einstein condensation of inter-site bipolarons. This study on chemically pressurized Bi2Ba2Tb0.5Cu2O4+y compound has shown that the generation and dynamics of polarons and bipolarons are associated to the pentavalent post-transition nature of bismuth.
Study on the Development Strategy of Forest Movement from the Perspective of Forest Health
Authors: Shi Yanlei , An Yonggang , Sun Weiwei
Published: September 2020

With the rapid development of economy and the improvement of life quality, people enjoy the achievements of modern civilization, at the same time, some chronic diseases and sub-health problems emerge, which have seriously affected people’s health. As a new tourism industry, forest health is gradually becoming a focus. Based on the perspective of forest rehabilitation, this paper will sort out and classify the forest movement in the rehabilitation project, analyze the development strategy of forest movement and put forward feasible suggestions.
Solder Joint Structure of Sn-58Bi Solder Paste with Epoxy-based Flux
Authors: Li Qingyang , Yang Xiaojun , Li Chengfei
Published: September 2020

Non-clean soldering technology and low temperature bonding will be of great significant for applications in electronic industry. A curable solder paste containing epoxy-based flux and Sn-58Bi solder powder was developed. The solder joint covered by cured epoxy shell can be obtained by soldering process. The thermal-curing process of the curable flux was monitored by DSC to ensure the wetting and metallurgical connection between Sn-58Bi and Cu substrate. The microstructure characteristics of the solder joints were analyzed by metallurgical analysis and SEM observation. The factors influencing the structure of the solder joints were analyzed and discussed.
Design and Application of the Protection Casing in Boiler of Power Plant
Authors: Yang Hongqiang
Published: September 2020

Based on the load characteristics and failure mode of the protective casing in boiler in power plant, its design principle and management strategy were put forward. The protective casing shall be configured in the areas with different temperature medium mixing, such as boiler drum water supply pipe, recycling pipe, balance vessel pipe, superheater and desuperheater header, desuperheater spray pipe, etc. The structure and material of the casing shall be able to avoid the thermal stress directly acting on the component body. In terms of application management, visual inspection and nondestructive surface testing shall be carried out for the casing and its connecting areas in which the key parts of inspection included stress concentration areas, such as welding joints, grooves, hole edges and welding defects during equipment maintenance. Different methods such as grinding and welding and reaming and replacement and others are used to deal with casing defects according to its severity. The feasibility and reliability of the above design principles and application and management strategies were proved by several engineering examples.
Research and Optimization on PID Parameters for Driving System of a Novel Rope-Crossing Robot
Authors: Zhao Yihui , Qin Xuan , Chen Min , Liang Qinghua
Published: September 2020

A novel crossing-rope rescuing robot based on the working mechanism of the cam type ascender is designed in this paper. The mathematical model of the driving unit is established in order to get high driving performances, and self-tuning method of PI or PID parameters are discussed based on genetic algorithms. The case study shows the effectiveness of the model using GA optimization toolbox.
Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of CBY-100 Gear Pump Body
Authors: Guo Fengquan
Published: September 2020

The research of Gear Pump lightweight can save material and reduce weight on the Premise of meeting performance requirements. Use ANSYS14.0 Software finite element analysis CBY-100 gear Pump body, the Stress and Displacement of QT450-10 material Pump body were analyzed to meet the requirements of strength and rigidity. The same method of analysis, the Stress and Displacement of the Pump body are optimized to determine the optimal structure size which meets the requirements of strength and rigidity; the Stress and Displacement of ZL111 cast aluminum Pump body also meet the requirements of strength and rigidity, complete the lightweight design of gear pump. CAD improves research efficiency, reduces research cost and promotes technological innovation.
Research on Crack Classification Method of Cement Concrete Pavement
Authors: Ying Hong , Tian Wenkang , Dong Haoyin , Li Jiaxin
Published: September 2020

Crack classification is always important content of crack detection. Unlike complex method on asphalt concrete, a simple crack classification method based on shap, size and geometry of crack is proposed. Cracks in cement pavement were divided into four types: corner cracks, longitudinal cracks, transverse cracks, broken plates in which there are the parallel-fractured type and the cross-fractured type, and the test show that the correct rate reach to 90%.
The Influence of Sea Water Content on the Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Elviana  , Saputra A , Sulistyo D
Published: September 2020

Reinforced concrete structure has very sensitive behaviour with the impact of seawater content. This work will describe about the effect of seawater content on the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams. Previous research focused on studying effect of seawater content on compression strength, tensile strength, flexure strength, and bond strength in concrete. A review of shear failures conducted by previous researchers without getting an effect on seawater content attacks. Reinforced concrete beam has measure on 1000×200×400 mm. Seawater content attack is given during the treatment process of reinforced concrete beams. Control testing is carry out by treating on fresh water. Stages of testing include testing the basic materials of concrete, immersion in sea water or fresh water, compression strength testing with cylindrical specimens on concrete age 28 and 90 days, as well as shear strength testing. Therefore, the aggressive nature of seawater which can cause micro crack in concrete pores, so that the shear strength that treated using sea water for 90 days has decreased by 10.70% from treatment using fresh water. The decrease in strength that occurs in the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams is not recommended in planning because it can risk to construction.