bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamically consistent temperature prediction in dissipative solids
Authors: Bartels Alexander , Mosler Jörn
Published: November 2013

The present work deals with the thermomechanical coupling in dissipative solids and the consistent temperature prediction. One of the first works dealing with this subject was written by Taylor & Quinney (TQ) where the fraction between dissipated energy eventually transformed to heat and plastic work is assumed as constant (typically between 0.8‐1.0 for metals). Although this assumption often leads to reasonable temperature predictions, it is not always in agreement with experimental observations. Furthermore, the TQ model does not comply with the first and second law of thermodynamics in general. Unfortunately, a standard thermodynamically consistent framework is not convincing either, since it usually leads to a significant overprediction of the temperature increase during dissipative processes. Within the present work, a novel framework suitable for the modeling of thermomechanically coupled processes is discussed. It will be shown that this framework is thermodynamically consistent and leads to a temperature increase, as a result of plastic deformation, in good agreement with the underlying experiments. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical Model for Electro‐Mechanical Analysis Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Abdelhakim Lotfi
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we present a numerical procedure that can be used to model the electro‐mechanical coupled behavior of the dielectric actuator domain. The equation describing the electrostatical part is given by the reduced form of the Maxwell equation and the electrostatic potential [1]. The mechanical problem is described by the constitutive equations and equilibrium equations. Using the finite element method, this technique is to divide a whole problem into sub‐problems. The complexity of the original problem is therefore reduced by focusing only on the most relevant areas. A finite element analysis is then performed by applying the electrostatic Maxwell pressure as Neumann boundary conditions to compute the displacements. Once the displacement is computed, the electrostatic domain or the conductor is updated. Electrostatic analysis is performed on the updated geometry and the finite element method is then used to determine the change in potential due to geometric perturbations. Once the surface charge densities are known, the new electrostatic Maxwell pressure is computed. The mechanical and electrostatic analysis is repeated until an equilibrium state is computed. The procedure is demonstrated in the paper by the solution of some two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional problems. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Higher Dimensional Continuum Dislocation Dynamics Theory: A Runge‐Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin Approach
Authors: Thawinan Ekkachai , Wieners Christian , Sandfeld Stefan
Published: November 2013

The reformulation in conservative form of the higher‐dimensional continuum dislocations dynamics(hdCDD) theory of Hochrainer (Ph.D. thesis, 2006) is presented together with a framework for elasto‐plasticity problem based on this theory. A Runge‐Kutta discontinuous Galerkin(RKDG) method is used for the evolution of hdCDD to obtain information of the micro‐structure which is coupled with a finite element method for the stress computation. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Die Flachwassergleichung und ihre Anwendung auf die Untersuchung von Wasserkraftwerken
Authors: Ostermann Lars , Seidel Christian
Published: November 2013

Flachwassergleichungen finden eine breite Anwendung bei der Untersuchung strömungsmechanischer Fragestellungen im Wasserbau. Im Rahmen der Entwicklung eines Forschungswasserkraftwerks wurde für die numerische Simulation ein Modell auf der Basis von Flachwassergleichungen mit Berücksichtigung von Sohl‐ und Wandreibung mit der Manning‐Zahl entwickelt, mit dem sowohl die Kraftwerksströmung als auch der Einfluss der Wasserkraftanlage und ihres Betriebes auf den lokalen Flussabschnitt untersucht werden kann. Die Diskretisierung der Flachwassergleichung erfolgt mit dem Finite‐Volumen‐Verfahren, wobei der Flussvektor mit dem HLL‐MUSCL‐Ansatz berechnet wird. Ziel der Untersuchungen ist, das Langzeitverhalten der Kraftwerksströmung zu simulieren. Die Diskretisierung des Berechnungsgebietes als unstrukturiertes Dreiecksnetz erfolgt mit einem iterativen, optimierten Netzgenerator für beliebige Gebiete mit lokaler Netzverfeinerung. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation of the turbulent flow in a model hydraulic spool valve
Authors: Schümichen Michel , Joppa Matthias , Rüdiger Frank , Fröhlich Jochen , Müller Lutz , Weber Jürgen , Helduser Siegfried
Published: November 2013

The paper presents results of the simulation of the flow in a model hydraulic spool valve by means of Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The flow is characterized by a very low Reynolds number which is untypical for LES. The emphasis of the study is the analysis of the flow and the investigation of the influence of the subgrid‐scale model. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mathematical Modeling of Combustion of Single Porous Pulverized Coal Particle Using Lattice Approach
Authors: Jovanović Rastko , Rašuo Boško , Erić Milić , Cvetinović Dejan , Stefanović Predrag
Published: November 2013

Novel model of coal particle combustion was developed. The aim of proposed model is to describe all possible mechanisms for particle combustion and their sensitivity to combustion conditions. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Micro‐Perforated Panels – Assessing the Sound Absorption
Authors: Stremtan Florina‐Anca , Lupea Iulian
Published: November 2013

Nowadays micro‐perforated panels (MPP) are continuously gaining interest in terms of the efficient design, simulation and the acoustic energy absorption capacity. The MPP construction and functionality is based on the Helmholtz resonator. The present article presents and discusses a couple sets of MPPs made of plastic and wood of different design. The analyzed MPP samples have different geometrical parameters such as the microperforation diameter, the panel thickness and the distance between holes. The MPP structure is coupled with sound‐absorbing materials of different thicknesses which are partially or completely filling the air between the perforated plate and the backing rigid surface. A series of measurements performed by using the impedance tube, in order to determine the sound absorption coefficient are mentioned. The mathematical modeling approaches are presented with references to the Maa theory and experimental models like the one developed by Delany and Bazley. The coupling effort for design, mathematical modelling and experimental validation will ends into conclusions and preferred absorbing structure proposals for the highest sound absorption effciency and for the widest frequency band. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identification of optimal material models and parameters in finite strain plasticity
Authors: Vladimirov Ivaylo N. , Bambach Markus , Herty Michael , Bücker H. Martin
Published: November 2013

The numerical simulation of the behaviour of a workpiece during manufacturing depends to a large extent on the quality of the applied material model. In this work, a method for the identification of constitutive models and material parameters in engineering applications is proposed. The presented method is used in the setting of optimal experimental design and is based on successive optimization of a set of finite strain plasticity models with kinematic and/or isotropic hardening. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A kinetic model for polytropic gases with internal energy
Authors: Boudin Laurent , Grec Bérénice , Pavić‐Čolić Milana , Salvarani Francesco
Published: November 2013

We consider a mixture of N ideal, polytropic gases. Each species is described by a distribution function fi(t, x, v, I) ≥ 0, 1 ≤ i ≤ N, defined on ${\rm I\!R}_+\times{\rm I\!R}^3\times{\rm I\!R}^3\times{\rm I\!R}_+$, and its evolution is governed by a Boltzmann‐type equation. In order to recover the energy law of polytropic gases, the authors of [4] proposed a kinetic model in the framework of a weighted L1 space. Another approach has been developed in [3] in the context of polyatomic gases. Following this previous lead, our model provides a L2 framework in both variables v and I, to eventually perform a mathematical study of the diffusion asymptotics, as it was done in [2] for a model without energy exchange. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reachability and Observability Concepts for Stochastic Systems
Authors: Benner Peter , Redmann Martin
Published: November 2013

We define observability and reachability and introduce the corresponding Gramians for a Levy driven linear system like Benner, Damm in [3] which focused on the case of Wiener noise. We additionally show that the sets of observable and reachable states are characterized by these Gramians. This is analogous to deterministic systems, where observability and reachability concepts are described in Sections 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 in Antoulas [1]. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimization for discretized switched systems
Authors: Flaßkamp Kathrin , Murphey Todd , Ober‐Blöbaum Sina
Published: November 2013

Switching time optimization is a crucial topic in the optimal control of hybrid systems. Since it is rare that such problems can be solved analytically, the use of numerical discretization schemes for the integration of state and adjoint systems is indispensable. Thus, in this contribution, the switching time optimization problem is studied in a discretized formulation directly from the beginning. An analysis of the discretized problem reveals that smoothness of the original (continuous time) problem is lost, i.e. the problem will in general become nondifferentiable in discrete time. This has to be taken into account when deriving an adjoint‐based formula for the optimization of the discretized problem. A hybrid double pendulum example is used for illustration of the results. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preconditioning of Krylov subspace methods using recycling in Lattice QCD computations
Authors: Bolten Matthias , Božović Nemanja , Frommer Andreas
Published: November 2013

Many applications in computational science and engineering require the solution of sequences of slowly changing linear systems. We focus on problems arising in Lattice QCD simulations. In order to generate an ensemble of configurations from which the values of physical observables can be obtained, we have to solve a linear system with a Dirac operator in each time step of the hybrid Monte‐Carlo simulations. This operator changes just slightly from time step to time step. While recycling subspace information from the previous system like described in [1] reduces the number of necessary matrix‐vector multiplications, the systems are still expensive to solve. To overcome this limitation, we include preconditioning in our implementation. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Reduced Basis Method for an Elastic Buckling Problem
Authors: Zanon Lorenzo , Veroy‐Grepl Karen
Published: November 2013

In this work, we apply the Reduced Basis (RB) Method to the field of nonlinear elasticity. In this first stage of research, we analyze a buckling problem for a compressed 2D column: Here, the trivial linear solution is computed for an arbitrary load; the critical load, marking the transition to nonlinearity, is then identified through an eigenvalue problem. The linear problem satisfies the Lax‐Milgram conditions, allowing the implementation of both a Successive Constraint Method for an inexpensive lower bound of the coercivity constant and of a rigorous and efficient a posteriori error estimator for the RB approximation. Even though only a non‐rigorous estimator is available for the buckling problem, the actual RB approximation of the output is more than satisfactory, and the gain in computational efficiency significant. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Efficient solver for swirling flow problems in ducts with variable radius
Authors: Dragomirescu Florica Ioana , Susan‐Resiga Romeo , Muntean Sebastian
Published: November 2013

The paper presents preliminary results of a work in progress addressing the hydrodynamic stability of swirling flows problems in ducts with variable radius which imply mathematical modeling, dynamic and stability investigations. The proposed quasi‐analytical method aims to obtain the velocity profiles with a low order approximation method of which the computation costs were neglijable and regain the central stagnation zone developed in the fluid. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimal parameter choice for the pole condition
Authors: Ruprecht Daniel , Schädle Achim , Schmidt Frank
Published: November 2013

The pole condition is a framework for the derivation of transparent boundary conditions that identifies non‐physical modes by the location of the corresponding singularities in the complex plane of the solution's spatial Laplace transform. A complex half‐plane is then defined that contains all poles corresponding to non‐physical modes. A key parameter in the pole condition arises in the Möbius transformation that maps this half‐plane onto the complex unit circle. The effect of variations in this parameter on the quality of the approximate TBC realized by the pole condition is explored here for the two‐dimensional drift‐diffusion equation with inhomogeneous coefficients. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Funnel Control for Linear DAEs
Authors: Berger Thomas
Published: November 2013

We study funnel control for linear differential‐algebraic multi‐input multi‐output systems which are not necessarily regular. We show that the funnel controller (that is a static nonlinear output error feedback) achieves ‐ for a special class of right‐invertible systems with asymptotically stable zero dynamics ‐ tracking of a reference signal by the output signal within a pre‐specified performance funnel. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Finslerian extensions of geodesic active fields for digital image registration
Authors: Balan Vladimir , Stojanov Jelena
Published: November 2013

The present work extends the already established prolific geodesic active field methodology of Riemannian type, which generalizes the Casseles‐Kimmel‐Sapiro weighted length problem, and a direction dependent Finslerian structure is proposed as alternative for the GAF image registration process. The proposed extension relies on the direction‐dependent 0‐homogeneous associated weight metric tensor and aims to achieve the minimization of the absolute error in the case of motion detection. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Aerodynamic focusing of inertial particles in supersonic micronozzles
Authors: Rybdylova Oyuna , Lebedeva Natalya , Kudryavtsev Alexey , Shershnev Anton
Published: November 2013

A particle‐laden flow in a supersonic micronozzle is studied using a one‐way coupled two‐fluid approach. The carrier gas parameters are obtained from the numerical solution of the Navier‐Stokes equations, rarefaction effects are taken into account by imposing velocity slip and temperature jump boundary conditions on the nozzle walls. Under conditions considered, the flow around particles is transitional and free‐molecular. As a result of numerical solution of the dispersed‐phase equations in Lagrangian variables, two types of particle motion in the expanding part of the nozzle are detected: particle spraying and particle accumulation. The particle focusing effect is most pronounced for particles of about 1–2 µm in size. The particle number density fields contain singularities appearing on the envelopes of particle trajectories. However, the model of non‐colliding particles remains valid because the mean distance between the particles near the singularities remains much greater than the particle size. The aerodynamic scheme of aerosol particle focusing proposed may be used in various technologies (microthrusters, needle‐free drug injection, microfabrication, etc.). (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MicroRNA‐30b functions as a tumour suppressor in human colorectal cancer by targeting KRAS, PIK3CD and BCL2
Authors: Liao Wen‐Ting , Ye Ya‐Ping , Zhang Nian‐Jie , Li Ting‐Ting , Wang Shu‐Yang , Cui Yan‐Mei , Qi Lu , Wu Ping , Jiao Hong‐Li , Xie Yi‐Jun , Zhang Chi , Wang Jun‐Xian , Ding Yan‐Qing
Published: November 2013

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the USA. MicroRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis of CRC. In this study, we investigated the role of miR‐30b in CRC and found that its expression was significantly lower in CRC tissues than that in normal tissues. We showed that a low expression level of miR‐30b was closely related to poor differentiation, advanced TNM stage and poor prognosis of CRC. Further experiments showed that over‐expression of miR‐30b suppressed CRC cell proliferation in vitro and tumour growth in vivo. Specifically, miR‐30b promoted G1 arrest and induced apoptosis. Moreover, KRAS, PIK3CD and BCL2 were identified as direct and functional targets of miR‐30b. MiR‐30b directly targeted the 3′‐untranslated regions of their mRNAs and repressed their expression. This study revealed functional and mechanistic links between miRNA‐30b and oncogene KRAS, PIK3CD and BCL2 in the pathogenesis of CRC. MiR‐30b not only plays important roles in the regulation of cell proliferation and tumour growth in CRC, but is also a potential prognostic marker or therapeutic target for CRC. Restoration of miR‐30b expression may represent a promising therapeutic approach for targeting malignant CRC. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A host deficiency of discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) inhibits both tumour angiogenesis and metastasis
Authors: Zhang Shuya , Bu Xin , Zhao Hu , Yu Jiangtian , Wang Yingmei , Li Di , Zhu Chuchao , Zhu Tong , Ren Tingting , Liu Xinping , Yao Libo , Su Jin
Published: November 2013

Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) is a unique receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that signals in response to collagen binding and is implicated in tumour malignant phenotypes such as invasion and metastasis. Although it has been reported that DDR2 expression is up‐regulated in activated endothelial cells (ECs), functional studies are lacking. Herein, we found that enforced expression of DDR2 promoted proliferation, migration and tube formation of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results of immunohistochemical analysis showed a strikingly high level of DDR2 in human tumour ECs. Most significantly, we discovered that a host deficiency of DDR2 inhibits subcutaneous angiogenesis induced by either VEGF or tumour cells. In addition, the remaining tumour vessels in DDR2‐deficient mice exhibit some normalized properties. These vascular phenotypes are accompanied by the up‐regulation of anti‐angiogenic genes and down‐regulation of pro‐angiogenic genes, as well as by alleviated tumour hypoxia. By use of a tail vein metastasis model of melanoma, we uncovered that loss of stromal DDR2 also suppresses tumour metastasis to the lung. Hence, our current data disclose a new mechanism by which DDR2 affects tumour progression, and may strengthen the feasibility of targeting DDR2 as an anticancer strategy. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomics in investigation of cancer metastasis: Functional and clinical consequences and methodological challenges
Authors: Maryáš Josef , Faktor Jakub , Dvořáková Monika , Struhárová Iva , Grell Peter , Bouchal Pavel
Published: November 2013

Metastases are responsible for most of the cases of death in patients with solid tumors. There is thus an urgent clinical need of better understanding the exact molecular mechanisms and finding novel therapeutics targets and biomarkers of metastatic disease of various tumors. Metastases are formed in a complicated biological process called metastatic cascade. Up to now, proteomics has enabled the identification of number of metastasis‐associated proteins and potential biomarkers in cancer tissues, microdissected cells, model systems, and secretomes. Expression profiles and biological role of key proteins were confirmed in verification and functional experiments. This communication reviews these observations and analyses the methodological aspects of the proteomics approaches used. Moreover, it reviews contribution of current proteomics in the field of functional characterization and interactome analysis of proteins involved in various events in metastatic cascade. It is evident that ongoing technical progress will further increase proteome coverage and sample capacity of proteomics technologies, giving complex answers to clinical and functional questions asked.
Fabrication of zinc oxide nanowires/polymer composites by two‐photon polymerization
Authors: Fonseca Ruben Dario , Correa Daniel Souza , Paris Elaine Cristina , Tribuzi Vinicius , Dev Apurba , Voss Tobias , Aoki Pedro Henrique Benites , Constantino Carlos Jose Leopoldo , Mendonca Cleber Renato
Published: November 2013

We present an approach to fabricate ZnO nanowires/polymer composite into three‐dimensional microstructures, based on two‐photon polymerization direct laser writing, a fabrication method that allows submicrometric spatial resolution. The structural integrity of the structures was inferred by scanning electron microscopy, while the presence and distribution of ZnO nanowires was investigated by energy dispersive X‐ray, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The optical properties of the produced composite microstructures were verified by imaging the characteristic ZnO emission using a fluorescence microscope. Hence, such approach can be used to develop composite microstructures containing ZnO nanowires aiming at technological applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 333–337
Human α1β3γ2L gamma‐aminobutyric acid type A receptors: High‐level production and purification in a functional state
Authors: Dostalova Zuzana , Zhou Xiaojuan , Liu Aiping , Zhang Xi , Zhang Yinghui , Desai Rooma , Forman Stuart A. , Miller Keith W.
Published: November 2013

Gamma‐aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) are the most important inhibitory chloride ion channels in the central nervous system and are major targets for a wide variety of drugs. The subunit compositions of GABAARs determine their function and pharmacological profile. GABAARs are heteropentamers of subunits, and (α1)2(β3)2(γ2L)1 is a common subtype. Biochemical and biophysical studies of GABAARs require larger quantities of receptors of defined subunit composition than are currently available. We previously reported high‐level production of active human α1β3 GABAAR using tetracycline‐inducible stable HEK293 cells. Here we extend the strategy to receptors containing three different subunits. We constructed a stable tetracycline‐inducible HEK293‐TetR cell line expressing human (N)–FLAG–α1β3γ2L–(C)–(GGS)3GK–1D4 GABAAR. These cells achieved expression levels of 70–90 pmol [3H]muscimol binding sites/15‐cm plate at a specific activity of 15–30 pmol/mg of membrane protein. Incorporation of the γ2 subunit was confirmed by the ratio of [3H]flunitrazepam to [3H]muscimol binding sites and sensitivity of GABA‐induced currents to benzodiazepines and zinc. The α1β3γ2L GABAARs were solubilized in dodecyl‐d‐maltoside, purified by anti‐FLAG affinity chromatography and reconstituted in CHAPS/asolectin at an overall yield of ∼30%. Typical purifications yielded 1.0–1.5 nmoles of [3H]muscimol binding sites/60 plates. Receptors with similar properties could be purified by 1D4 affinity chromatography with lower overall yield. The composition of the purified, reconstituted receptors was confirmed by ligand binding, Western blot, and proteomics. Allosteric interactions between etomidate and [3H]muscimol binding were maintained in the purified state.
Delousing efficiency of farmed ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) against Lepeophtheirus salmonis infecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post‐smolts
Authors: Leclercq Eric , Davie Andrew , Migaud Hervé
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND

Cleaner‐fish (wrasse, Labridae) are increasingly deployed within the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) industry as a biological control against sea‐lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer). Two tank‐based trials were performed to test the effect of farmed ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta Ascanius) body mass and supplementary feeding on the delousing of Atlantic salmon post‐smolts with an initial infection level of ∼12 lice salmon−1 and a ∼5% wrasse:salmon ratio.

RESULTS

Sea‐louse levels below 0.5 lice salmon−1 were obtained within 84 h, and preferential preying upon larger motile stages was found. The wrasse body mass and the availability of fresh, opened blue mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) did not significantly affect delousing efficiency. The functional predator response was linear, showing no minimum prey density threshold for sea‐louse foraging and no satiation plateau, in spite of the high consumption rates measured. Sea‐louse infection levels declined following a one‐phase exponential decay model, with a standardised decline time constant of 0.8–1.3% h−1 for each wrasse stocked per 100 salmon.

CONCLUSIONS

Farmed ballan wrasse are confirmed as highly effective therapeutic and preventive biological controls against sea‐lice. The study supports the current minimum hatchery size target (10 mm total length) and the use of supplementary feeding to sustain the wrasse stocks in operation. The functional predator response and the standardised decline time constant of sea‐louse abundance are proposed as useful indicators of delousing efficiency. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
TIMING OF REDD CONSTRUCTION BY FALL CHINOOK SALMON IN THE HANFORD REACH OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER
Authors: Hayes D. B. , Bellgraph B. J. , Roth B. M. , Dauble D. D. , Mueller R. P.
Published: November 2013

Spawning habits of fall Chinook salmon in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River have been documented with annual aerial surveys since 1948. We developed a series of models analysing these data, exploring the influence of environmental factors on the timing of redd construction. These models included a logistic regression and a dynamic modelling approach, with combinations of day of year (as a surrogate for environmental cues such as day length), water temperature and discharge as potential explanatory factors. Results of these analyses indicate that day of year was the strongest predictor of the timing of redd construction, but with significant modifying effects of water temperature and discharge. The dynamic modelling approach provides substantial advantages over a traditional logistic regression, including (1) the ability to treat data collected at non‐synchronous time intervals in a consistent fashion and (2) the ability to easily implement complex functions (e.g., threshold responses) relating behaviour to environmental cues. Evaluation of the series as a whole indicates that the median date of redd construction has increased over time, from approximately day 299 in 1950 to day 307 in 2010, as has the temperature on Oct 1 (16.3 °C–18.1 °C). The degree to which these changes are caused by climate change or dam operations is uncertain, however. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward a Theory of Experience
Authors: ROTH WOLFF‐MICHAEL , JORNET ALFREDO
Published: November 2013

Experience is one of the most used terms in (science) education, and it is recognized as being related to learning (education). Yet what experience is and how it is related to learning and change remains untheorized. In this paper, we mainly draw on the work of J. Dewey and L. S. Vygotsky but also on M. Bakhtin and more recent advances on the topic of experience from French philosophy to contribute to a theory of this important category. Accordingly, experience is not something that belongs to or is had by individuals but rather denotes transactions in and across space and time within irreducible person‐in‐setting units; and it is perfused with an affect that is not (only) the result of mental constructions. An episode from an Australian physics classroom is used to exemplify what such a theory and its method‐related implications have to accomplish in the analysis of concrete science lessons.
A generic homomorphic MAC construction for authentication in network coding
Authors: Wang Weijia , Hu Lei
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we propose a generic homomorphic MAC scheme on the basis of linear mapping over finite fields. Benefiting from its algebra characteristics, our scheme is more flexible and effective than the previous schemes based on the vector inner product or the trace function over finite fields. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bewertung historischer Brückenlager
Authors: Eisenkolb Tino , Mehdianpour Milad
Published: November 2013

Der vorliegende Beitrag thematisiert die Durchführung sowie die Ergebnisse experimenteller Untersuchungen zur Ermittlung der Rollreibungszahlen historischer 4‐Rollen‐Wälzlager. Diese Untersuchungen wurden im Rahmen eines von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten Vorhabens zur realitätsnahen statisch‐konstruktiven Bewertung historischer Brückenlager durchgeführt. Dabei wurden insgesamt acht Lager bezüglich ihrer Rollreibungszahlen untersucht.

Die Ergebnisse zeigen bei allen Lagern ein sehr zufriedenstellendes Rollreibungsverhalten. Bei funktionsfähigen Rollen und nach grober Entfernung von Rost und Schmutz lagen die Quantile der Rollreibungszahlen im Bereich normativer Werte für Neubaulager. Diese Werte wurden sowohl im Betriebslastbereich bis zur 1,5fachen maximalen Bemessungslast als auch bei höheren vertikalen Belastungen bis zur 2,7fachen maximalen Bemessungslast nachgewiesen. Weiterhin zeigen die Ergebnisse eine eindeutige Abhängigkeit der Rollreibungszahlen von fertigungs‐ und alterungsbedingten Unebenheiten der Lagerplatten. Hieraus konnte eine Methodik zur Abschätzung der vorhandenen Rollreibungszahlen anhand der Unebenheit der Lagerplatten abgeleitet werden.

Assessment of historic bridge bearings – Experimental investigations on rolling friction. This paper presents tests to determine the rolling resistance of historic bridge bearings with four rollers. The experimental investigations were conducted as part of a project which was funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). Overall, eight rolling bearings with four rollers have been tested in terms of their rolling friction. In this paper the experimental work as well as the results of the investigation is described.

For all bearings a satisfactory rolling behaviour was observed. Without rust and dirt on the rolling surfaces the rolling friction is at the same level which is given in the German standards for new build rolling bearings. This value was observed at vertical loads up to 1.5 times the design load as well as at higher vertical loads up to 2.7 times the design load of the bearings. Furthermore, the findings have shown that there is a clear correlation between the measured rolling friction and the roughness of the bearing plates due to manufacturing and aging. From this a method could be derived to estimate the existing rolling friction by means of the roughness of the bearing plates.
Historischer Stahl(form)guss
Authors: Wetz Volker , Dogru Duygu Melis
Published: November 2013

Der Beitrag thematisiert die geschichtliche Entwicklung der Stahlguss‐ bzw. Stahlformgussherstellung. Nach dem Skizzieren der Anfänge steht die Herstellung dieses Werkstoffs in Deutschland im Mittelpunkt. Hierbei werden als zentrale Themen die unterschiedlichen Verfahren sowie die Erzeugungsmenge von Stahlguss im Untersuchungszeitraum diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse werden abschließend gewertet.

Historic cast steel – Fabrication. This paper tackles the historic development of the fabrication of cast steel. At first the beginnings are outlined. Following the different methods as used in Germany to cast steel as well as the quantity of the overall cast steel production are discussed. The paper ends with a conclusion.
Modeling and design of networked control systems using a stochastic switching systems approach
Authors: Kobayashi Koichi , Hiraishi Kunihiko
Published: November 2013

A networked control system (NCS) is a control system in which plants, sensors, controllers, and actuators are connected through communication networks. In this paper, we consider NCSs modeled by stochastic switching systems, and propose a new method for modeling and optimal control. First, a recursive representation of the expected value of the state is proposed. Next, after an over‐approximation of this recursive representation is derived, the optimal control problem is reduced to a linear programming problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by a numerical example. The proposed method provides us an easy‐to‐use control method for NCSs. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Knowledge, Experience, Skills, and Characteristics TESOL Employers Seek in Job Candidates
Authors: Bailey Caprice L. , Tanner Mark W. , Henrichsen Lynn E. , Dewey Dan P.
Published: November 2013

In a competitive marketplace, job candidates need to know what TESOL employers are seeking in new hires. A 12‐month study of TESOL job announcements examined the types of work offered and the candidate knowledge, experience, skills, and personal characteristics TESOL employers were seeking in full‐time hires. An analysis of 169 job advertisements indicates that employers prefer applicants with knowledge and experience not only in teaching but also in curriculum development, teacher education, and program administration. Regarding candidates' personal characteristics, employers seek individuals who have strong interpersonal and teamwork skills, as well as effective oral and written communication skills and computer skills. Data are also reported by the jobs' geographical location, type, degree required, hiring institution type, and salary.
Videoconferencing Improves Students' Language Learning in the EFL Classroom
Authors: Jung Mi‐Young
Published: November 2013

The aim of this study is to analyze a videoconferencing class for English as a foreign language (EFL), and to investigate how learners can develop their linguistic competence via videoconferencing. It examines the benefits and drawbacks of using videoconferencing systems in class. Forty‐five students (19 graduates and 26 undergraduates) in a university in Seoul, Korea, were put in contact with Asian students from seven countries (Korea, Japan, Singapore, The Philippines, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Malaysia) via a videoconferencing class. Many students perceived the videoconferencing class as effective in developing their second or foreign language (L2) skills. More importantly, integrating videoconferencing into the EFL classroom provided students with more opportunities to develop language competence, as they gained an understanding of cross‐cultural communication by participating in two‐way communication with learners from other cultures.
Using Social Networking Sites as a Platform for Second Language Instruction
Authors: Prichard Caleb
Published: November 2013

Social networking sites (SNSs) are increasingly used to communicate and to maintain relationships with people around the globe, and their usage has certainly led to incidental language gains for second language (L2) users. Language instructors are just beginning to utilize SNS sites to manage their courses or to have students practice language skills. This article examines action research studies that have utilized SNSs in language courses and other studies that have surveyed L2 learners on their attitudes and feelings concerning the use of SNSs for language learning.
A set of genetically diverged Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with markerless deletions of multiple auxotrophic genes
Authors: Louvel Hélène , Gillet‐Markowska Alexandre , Liti Gianni , Fischer Gilles
Published: November 2013

Genome analysis of over 70 Saccharomyces strains revealed the existence of five groups of genetically diverged S. cerevisiae wild‐type isolates, which feature distinct genetic backgrounds and reflect the natural diversity existing among the species. The strains originated from different geographical and ecological niches (Malaysian, West African, North American, Wine/European and Sake) and represent clean, non‐mosaic lineages of S. cerevisiae, meaning that their genomes differ essentially by monomorphic and private SNPs. In this study, one representative strain for each of the five S. cerevisiae clean lineages was selected and mutated for several auxotroph genes by clean markerless deletions, so that all dominant markers remained available for further genetic manipulations. A set of 50 strains was assembled, including eight haploid and two diploid strains for each lineage. These strains carry different combinations of leu2∆0, lys2∆0, met15∆0, ura3∆0 and/or ura3∆::KanMX‐barcoded deletions with marker configurations resembling that of the BY series, which will allow large‐scale crossing with existing deletion collections. This new set of genetically tractable strains provides a powerful tool kit to explore the impact of natural variation on complex biological processes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Catalase‐like Activity of Methoxy‐bridged Manganese(III) Coordination Polymer containing Hydrazone based (O,N,O)2‐Donor Ligand
Authors: Hosseini‐Monfared Hassan , Bikas Rahman , Mohammadi Sakine , Mancilla Percino Teresa , Demeshko Serhiy , Meyer Franc , Leyva Ramírez Marco A.
Published: November 2013

A 1D coordination polymer of manganese(III) with a hydrazone‐based ligand, [Mn2(L)(μ‐OCH3)2(OHCH3)2]n (1), was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic methods {H4L = bis[(2‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)methylene]adipohydrazide}. The crystal structure of 1 was determined by X‐ray crystallography. The two dianionic domains of the ligand adopt trans configuration, and each coordinates in a tridentate mode via the O, N, O′‐donor atoms to a MnIII ion forming a dinuclear compound. The methoxy ligands provide an asymmetric bridge between two central manganese atoms, which lead to the formation of a 1D coordination polymer. A 2D supramolecular structure is formed by hydrogen bonding interactions between the 1D chains. Although the methoxy ligands are labile, the polymer preserves its oligonuclearity in the solution. Temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility studies proved the presence of a weak antiferromagnetic interaction between manganese(III) ions with J = –3.2 cm–1, which results from axial distortion of the manganese coordination environment. Compound 1 showed catalase‐like activity in disproportionation of H2O2.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (t‐10, c‐12) Reduces Fatty Acid Synthesis de Novo, but not Expression of Genes for Lipid Metabolism in Bovine Adipose Tissue ex Vivo
Authors: Choi Seong Ho , Silvey David T. , Johnson Bradley J. , Doumit Matthew E. , Chung Ki Yong , Sawyer Jason E. , Go Gwang Woong , Smith Stephen B.
Published: November 2013

We hypothesized that exogenous fatty acids, and especially or 18:2 trans‐10, cis‐12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), would decrease adipogenic and lipogenic gene expression and de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) adipose tissues. Fresh i.m. and s.c. adipose tissues were collected from the longissimus thoracis muscle of Angus steers at 12, 14, and 16 months of age (n = 4 per time point). Adipose tissue explants were incubated in duplicate for 48 h with 40 μM α‐linolenic (ALA), oleic, stearic, trans‐vaccenic, or CLA. Adipocyte size, acetate and glucose incorporation into fatty acids in vitro and mRNA levels for C/EBPβ, CPT1β, GPR43,PPARγ, PRKAA1 (AMPKα) and SCD1 were measured following the incubations. PRKAA1 and SCD1gene expression were greater (P < 0.001) in s.c. adipose tissue than in i.m. adipose tissue and acetate incorporation into lipids and C/EBPβ, PPARγ, and SCD1gene expression were greater at 16 months of age than at 12 months of age in i.m. adipose (P < 0.01). C/EBPβ gene expression increased by 16 months of age and PRKAA1 gene expression decreased by 16 months of age in s.c. adipose tissue. All fatty acids increased s.c. adipocyte volumes whereas CLA decreased acetate incorporation into lipids in s.c. adipose tissue (P < 0.05), but none of the fatty acids affected gene expression in i.m. or s.c. adipose tissue (P > 0.10). Thus, CLA depressed de novo fatty acid biosynthesis from acetate but neither CLA nor other fatty acids significantly affected adipogenic or lipogenic gene expression.
Novel role for carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 2 in cranial sensory circuit formation
Authors: Cox Jane A. , LaMora Angela , Johnson Stephen L. , Voigt Mark M.
Published: November 2013

In zebrafish, cranial sensory circuits form by 4 days post‐fertilization. We used a forward genetic screen to identify genes involved in the formation of these circuits. In one mutant allele, sl23, axons arising from the epibranchial sensory ganglia do not form their stereotypical terminal fields in the hindbrain. These embryos also had small eyes and deformed jaws, suggesting a pleiotropic effect. Using positional cloning, a 20‐nucleotide deletion in the carbamoyl‐phosphate‐synthetase2‐aspartate‐transcarbamylase‐dihydroorotase (cad) gene was found. Injection of a CAD morpholino phenocopied the mutant and mutants were rescued by injection of cad RNA. Cad activity is required for pyrimidine biosynthesis, and thus is a prerequisite for nucleic acid production and UDP‐dependent protein glycosylation. Perturbation of nucleic acid biosynthesis can result in cell death. sl23 mutants did not exhibit elevated cell death, or gross morphological changes, in their hindbrains. To determine if defective protein glycosylation was involved in the aberrant targeting of sensory axons, we treated wild type embryos with tunicamycin, which blocks N‐linked protein glycosylation. Interference with glycosylation via tunicamycin treatment mimicked the sl23 phenotype. Loss of cad reveals a critical role for protein glycosylation in cranial sensory circuit formation.
Improvement of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) with oral risperidone: case report
Authors: Subramanian N. , Doran M.
Published: November 2013

We describe a 38-year-old woman who developed symptoms of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) after using lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) once and continued to have symptoms of HPPD for nearly 17 years, although she did not use LSD after her first use. The symptoms of HPPD were temporally related to her first LSD use and she responded well to risperidone within a few weeks of commencing on the same. Although different medications have been tried in the management of HPPD including risperidone, olanzapine, clonidine, fluoxetine, sertraline, benzodiazepines and anti-epileptic medications, none have been proven to be the definitive medication of choice in the treatment of HPPD. Furthermore, there have been case reports suggesting worsening of symptoms with risperidone; however, the response to risperidone in our patient suggests the possibility of its effectiveness in the management of HPPD symptoms in some patients.
On The Error Estimate for Cubature on Wiener Space
Authors: Cass Thomas , Litterer Christian
Published: November 2013

It was pointed out by Crisan and Ghazali that the error estimate for the cubature on Wiener space algorithm developed by Lyons and Victoir requires an additional assumption on the drift. In this paper we demonstrate that it is straightforward to adopt the analysis of Kusuoka to obtain a general estimate without an additional assumptions on the drift. In the process we slightly sharpen the bounds derived by Kusuoka.
Leaf-litter decomposition of the mangrove speciesAvicennia schaueriana,Laguncularia racemosaandRhizophora mangle
Authors: Lima Rene G. , Colpo Karine D.
Published: November 2013

This study evaluated the decomposition process of leaf litter from the main Brazilian mangrove speciesAvicennia schaueriana,Laguncularia racemosaandRhizophora mangle. Senescent leaves were collected, dried and placed in nylon bags with different mesh sizes (fine: 2 × 2 mm and coarse: 8 × 8 mm). The bags were distributed over the sediment, and replicates of each species and mesh size were collected periodically over 4 months. In the laboratory, the dry weight of the samples was measured, and the decomposition coefficient (k) for each species and mesh size was obtained over time. All species showed a rapid decomposition rate at the beginning of the experiment, followed by a slower but steady rate of decomposition over time. The rate of leaf litter decomposition was highest inA. schaueriana, intermediate inL. racemosaand lowest inR. mangle. The difference was mainly linked to the activity and abundance of detritivores, together with the different litter quality of the species, which determined their palatability and probably influenced the decomposition process.
Factors influencing the occurrence of the Endangered Baird's tapir Tapirus bairdii: potential flagship species for a Costa Rican biological corridor
Authors: Cove Michael V. , Pardo Vargas Lain E. , de la Cruz Juan Camilo , Spínola R. Manuel , Jackson Victoria L. , Saénz Joel C. , Chassot Olivier
Published: November 2013

Baird's tapir Tapirus bairdii is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is considered rare and locally extirpated from most of its historic range in Costa Rica. We conducted camera-trap and track surveys at 38 forested sites in and around the San Juan–La Selva Biological Corridor in the Northern Zone of Costa Rica. Cameras were set along established game trails and natural funnels and operated for 14–38 days per site. Additionally, we documented tapir tracks at many sites. We used survey photographs and track presence to create detection histories to estimate the habitat and survey-specific variables that influence the probability of detection and the probability of occurrence of Baird's tapir. The two major protected areas within and adjacent to the corridor were most positively associated with tapir occurrence, and forest cover and native and exotic tree plantations were also positively associated with tapirs’ use of sites. Although the Baird's tapir is rare, our findings suggest that it is more resilient and better able to use available habitat in the fragmented corridor than previously thought. This is most likely a consequence of increased forest cover from reforestation and tree plantations and limited hunting pressure. Given its charismatic nature we recommend that Baird's tapir could be used as a flagship species for the San Juan–La Selva Biological Corridor, to raise local awareness about conservation and increase economic growth from ecotourism.
TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMIC EXPANSION: THE GROWTH CONTRIBUTION OF RAILWAYS IN LATIN AMERICA BEFORE 1914
Authors: Herranz-Loncán Alfonso
Published: November 2013

This paper measures the direct contribution of railways to economic growth before 1914 in four Latin American economies with large railway systems (Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Uruguay) using growth accounting techniques. The outcomes of the analysis indicate that the growth contribution of railways in Uruguay was very low. By contrast, in Argentina and Mexico railways provided huge benefits, amounting to 20-25% of income per capita growth before 1914. Finally, in Brazil, the growth contribution of railways was even higher, although this was largely a consequence of the stagnation of the Brazilian economy. These results provide an example of a technology whose growth contribution was much higher in some peripheral economies than in the core countries where it was developed.