bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eco-friendly Strategies to Produce Bioactive Lipids from the omega-3 Rich Microalga Nannochloropsis Gaditana
Authors:   University of Vienna, Castejon Natalia
Published: September 2022

Microalgae are considered a promising alternative source of omega-3 long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LC-PUFAs) since they are the primary producers of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids in the marine environment. Extraction methods commonly used for the isolation of these bioactives are based on conventional techniques, which imply the use of high volumes of organic solvents and high energy requirements, producing health and environmental problems. In this sense, greener alternatives need to be developed to meet the global consumer demand for natural ingredients and eco-friendly products. In this work, the use of ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) technology in combination with environmentally friendly solvents was evaluated as a green strategy to efficiently extract the omega-3 lipids from the microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana. The microalgal biomass was pretreated with different commercial enzymes (Viscozyme® L, Celluclast® 1.5 L, and Saczyme® Yield) and the results were compared with the traditional Folch method (2:1 chloroform/methanol). A promising extraction approach was developed using Saczyme® Yield and ethanol as solvent, achieving a lipid yield of 25.7% ± 0.5, comparable to the results obtained with the traditional method (27.3% ± 0.7) (p > 0.05). Similar omega-3 content was found by GC-MS analysis for both lipid extracts (30.2% ± 2.9 and 29.2% ± 1.0 for the green and the traditional method, respectively), showing that the environmentally friendly approaches did not negatively affect the fatty acid profile. Additionally, the bioactivity of the produced lipids was investigated by a spectrum of in vitro cell-based assays measuring potential endpoints of interest like cytotoxicity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In conclusion, this work provides relevant results for new eco-friendly extraction approaches to produce functional omega-3 lipids with potential applications in the food industry, avoiding the use of toxic solvents and reducing the environmental impact.
Pulsed Electric Field Treatment Enhances Lipid Bioaccessibility While Preserving Oxidative Stability in Chlorella Vulgaris
Authors:   ETH Zurich, Canelli Greta , Kuster Isabelle ,   ETH Zurich, Jaquenod Luc ,   ETH Zurich, Murciano Martinez Patricia ,   Nestlé Research, Rohfritsch Zhen ,   Nestlé Research, Dionisi Fabiola ,   Nestlé Research, Nanni Paolo ,   Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Bolten Christoph ,   NPTC Food Singen, Mathys Alexander ,   ETH Zurich
Published: September 2022

The green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris is a source of valuable nutrients, whose bioaccessibility is limited by the structurally complex cell wall. There is growing demand for gentle technologies to improve the lipid bioaccessibility (BA) of C. vulgaris biomass while preserving cell integrity and therefore oxidative stability. Pulsed electric field treatment (PEF, 5 μs at 20 kV cm−1, 31.8 kJ kg−1sus) led to an enhancement in lipid BA from 4-7.8% (untreated) to 18.7-20.9%. To reach such a level of BA, incubation in buffer after the treatment (12 h at 25/37 °C, 48 h at 4 °C) was required. As hypothesised, PEF preserved cell integrity, as shown by particle size and scanning electron microscopy analyses, as well as oxidative stability of the biomass over 3 months at 40 °C. With a proteome analysis we identified four proteins that may be involved in the cell wall lytic activity during incubation after PEF. Future work should focus on further understanding the mechanism behind the incubation after PEF and studying the potential effect played by endogenous cell wall degrading enzymes.*Greta Canelli, Processing Division Student Award Winner*
Comparison of the Fatty Acid Composition of Different Culinary Oils with High Saturated Coconut Oil Towards the Improvement of Public Health
Authors:   University of Manitoba, Nandasiri Ruchira , Silva Buddhika ,   Medical Research Institution, Senevirathene Nethmi ,   University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Munasinghe Helani ,   Medical Research Institute, De Silva Shiromi ,   Medical Research Institute, Jayatissa Renuka ,   Medical Research Institute
Published: September 2022

Consumption of excess amounts of trans fatty acids (TFA) causes health-related problems. Further, to limit the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), the ratios between SFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) are also introduced in addition to the ratio in between essential fatty acids (EFAs). Eight branded vegetable oils (virgin coconut, palm olein, sunflower, canola, olive, sesame, rice bran, and corn) and oil samples taken from fifth frying cycles of wade, fish, and chicken samples were analyzed for their fatty acid (FA) composition by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Among analyzed oils, the highest weight percentage of SFAs (90.69%) was found in virgin coconut oil. On the contrary, other analyzed oils primarily contained unsaturated fatty acids (USFA). The results indicated that the Oleic acid content of palm, canola, olive, and rice bran was 43.79%, 60.79%, 74.8%, and 43.0% respectively. Linoleic acid was the primary FA found in sunflower, sesame, and corn oils and the contents were 61.35%,41.23%, and 53.26% respectively, whereas linolenic acid was the primary FA found in canola (9.01%) with palm, sunflower, corn, rice bran, and sesame oils contained the levels of 0.18%, 0.16%, 0.66%, 1.12%, and 0.35% respectively. Results further illustrated that reheating the oils led to an increase in its TFA levels. However, the lowest TFA was obtained from the reused coconut oils (0.02%) whereas the highest TFA content was observed in reused sesame oils with the range of 2.56%-2.60% exceeding the maximum healthy content of TFA, recommended by the WHO. Hence, blending coconut oil with canola, sunflower, corn, or rice bran oils as a single oil or a mixture holds promising results in producing healthy oils to improve public health.
Free Fatty Acids in Commercial Krill Oils: Concentrations, Compositions, and Implications for Oxidative Stability
Authors:   University of Otago, Fuller Ioan , Cumming Adam ,   Plant & Food Research, Card Asli ,   Plant & Food Research, Burgess Elaine ,   Plant & Food Research, Barrow Colin ,   Deakin University, Perry Nigel ,   University of Otago, Killeen Daniel ,   Plant & Food Research
Published: September 2022

The concentrations and pro-oxidative effects of free fatty acids in commercial krill oil are not well defined. We now report that krill oil free fatty acids account for 2–13% of total lipids in commercial krill oil (n = 8) that these compounds are enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (+7.1%) and docosahexaenoic acid (+6.3%) relative to whole oils; and that this composition make them highly pro-oxidizing in marine triacylglycerol oils, but not in krill oil, which derives oxidative stability from both its phospholipids, and neutral lipids (the latter because of astaxanthin). Specific fatty acid esterification patterns showed that krill oil free fatty acids predominantly (88–93%) originated from phospholipids, mainly from the sn-2 position, which was eight-fold more hydrolyzed than the sn-1 position. Lipolysis was not ongoing in stored oils. Adding small amounts of krill oil (1–5%) to marine triacylglycerol oils significantly increased their oxidative stability and also their resistance to free fatty acid-mediated pro-oxidative effects.
Review of the Quality of Soybeans Grown in Different Geographic Areas
Authors:   University of Kentucky, Liu Huazhen , Pope Micah ,   Centrec Consulting Group, Doehring Todd ,   Centrec Consulting Group, Kachroo Pradeep ,   University of Kentucky, Hildebrand David ,   University of Kentucky
Published: September 2022

Previous reports indicate variable soybean quality parameters exported/shipped from different geographic regions. This review summarizes the quality of soybeans grown under diverse environmental conditions from the three main exporting countries. Soybeans from the US and Brazil have similar levels of protein and oil but US soybeans have higher foreign material and lower heat damage or total damage than soybeans from Brazil. US and Brazil meal is reported to have higher crude protein than meal from Argentina. At equal crude protein content, USA meals had less fiber, more sucrose and lysine and better protein quality than South American meals. Methionine, threonine and cysteine levels were similar in soybean protein from US and Argentina and higher than levels of these three amino acids in soybean protein from Brazil. Soybean oil from Brazil had higher free fatty acids, neutral oil loss, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium than oil from the US or Argentina. Environmental conditions under which soybeans are grown can have a large impact on chemical composition and nutrient quality of soybean oil.
Study of the Phenolic Fraction for the Valorization of Olive Pomace as a Functional Ingredient
Authors:   Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Valli Enrico , Grigoletto Ilaria ,   Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Garcia Salas Patricia ,   University of Bologna, Bendini Alessandra ,   Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Pasini Federica ,   University of Bologna, Sánchez Villasclaras Sebastian ,   University of Jaen, García Ruiz Roberto ,   University of Jaen, Gallina Toschi Tullia ,   University of Bologna
Published: September 2022

Olive oil production is an agro-industrial activity that generates annually about 30 million tons of waste at worldwide level with a potential environmental impact in the Mediterranean area. In olive mill pomace, one of the major by-products, remain large amounts of phenolic compounds, that are widely recognised for their beneficial properties for human health. The aim of this work is to study a possible valorisation strategy for recovering this functional high-added value fraction of olive mill pomace. The herein-tested extraction procedures were applied on two different types of olive by-products, collected from an Italian oil mill. Solid-liquid extraction protocols by using different solvents with low toxicity for the environment and lab operators were tested. In particular, the used solvent mixtures were methanol/water and ethanol/water, in different ratios and volumes. In brief, the mixture composed by the olive mill pomace and the extraction solvents was homogenised, then introduced in an ultrasonic bath to enhance the extraction of the compounds of interest, and finally centrifugated. The supernatant was analysed by HPLC coupled with UV and MS detectors to study the phenolic profile. An aliquot of the obtained polar fraction was hydrolysed to determine the total content of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol derived, above all, from secoiridoids. The results support that the obtained phenolic extracts, when properly stored, can be used as functional ingredients in the food industry, as well as in other sectors. The project SUSTAINOLIVE “NOVEL APPROACHES TO PROMOTE THE SUSTAINABILITY OF OLIVE GROVES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN” is part of the PRIMA programme supported by the EU under grant agreement No 1811. The information expressed in this abstract reflects the authors’ views; the PRIMA Foundation is not liable for the information contained herein and is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.
Wheat and Rice Bran as Natural Additives for the Protection of Fish Oil from Oxidation
Authors:   Nestlé Research, Rohfritsch Zhen , Canelli Greta ,   ETH Zurich, Pollien Philippe ,   Nestlé Research, Bel-Rhlid Rachid ,   Nestlé Research
Published: September 2022

Fortification of food products with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) is difficult due to their high oxidative susceptibility. The use of synthetic antioxidants in food products to extend shelf life is challenged by the growing demand for natural ingredients from consumers. In this study, the stabilization effect of wheat and rice bran on fish oil oxidation was investigated. Five, 10, and 20g of fish oil were added to respectively 95, 90, and 80g of cereal brans. The obtained powders were homogenized and stored for accelerated oxidation study at 38 °C for up to 30 days (to avoid dramatic changes of the oxidation reaction pathways compared to those at room temperature). Secondary oxidation products were analyzed by both Solid Phase Micro Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy. Wheat bran showed a better protection effect on fish oil oxidation. That could be explained by its phytochemical and physical stabilization effect. Heat and enzymatic treatments did not improve the antioxidant capacity of wheat or rice bran. Fine wheat bran water extract protected the fish oil from oxidation to the same extent as the whole wheat bran.
Genotoxicity Evaluation of Prickly Pear Cactus Seeds Oil in Cultured V79 Cells
Authors:   University of Trento, Al-Naqeb Ghanya
Published: September 2022

Prickly pear cactus seeds oil (PPSO) has been known by its high nutritive value, it is being produced and used by Yemeni people as anti-diabetic and cardiovascular agent. In this study, the potential genotoxicity of PPSO, as part of the safety evaluation process of the PPSO was assessed in vitro using cultured V79 cells. Gene mutations were determined by hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) assay, and induction of chromosome mutations was determined by micronuclei test, each assay was performed in the presence and absence of an exogenous metabolic activation system (S9-mix). Cells were treated with PPSO at different concentrations up to 5 mg /ml (limit of solubility), DMSO at 1% was used as a negative control, and Patulin at 0.3 µM and benzo[a]pyrene at 10 µg/ml were used as a positive control. Incubation of V79 cells with PPSO at various concentrations up to 5 mg/ml during treatment and the PPSO-free postincubation time resulted in slight decrease in cells proliferation activity reaching statistical significance only at the highest concentration of PPSO 5 mg/ml after treatment for 24 h. There was no significant increase in the mutation frequency in cells treated with PPSO at different concentrations tested and DMSO control in presence or absence of S9. In addition, the PPSO at different concentrations did not induce any significant micronuclated cells when compared with negative control in presence or absence of S9. In conclusion, our findings indicated that PPSO did not show genotoxicity in vitro under the experimental conditions and concentrations used. Therefore, the obtained results provide evidence to support the safe use of PPSO as a traditional medicine.
Screening of Metal-chelating Peptides and Hydrolysates Using Surface Plasmon Resonance and Switchsense
Authors:   Technical University of Denmark, Bjørlie Mads , Irankunda Rachel ,   University of Lorraine, Girardet Jean-Michel ,   University of Lorraine, Boschi-Müller Sandrine ,   University of Lorraine, Yesiltas Betül ,   Technical University of Denmark, Jacobsen Charlotte ,   Technical University of Denmark, Canabady-Rochelle Laetitia ,   University of Lorraine
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Lipid oxidation is, among other factors, catalyzed by the presence of metal ions and efficient metal chelators are therefore highly sought after in the food industry. Among these, natural metal chelators are gaining interest as opposed to their synthetic counterparts such as EDTA. Traditional screening for metal chelation capacity is time consuming and non-specific. The aim of this study was to screen potato protein hydrolysate and synthetic peptides derived from potato protein sequences for their metal-chelating capacity. Seven peptides and two hydrolysates (raw and ultra-filtrated) were studied. Peptides were selected using two different models: an empirical-based bioinformatics approach (AnOxPePred) and a theoretically based model for metal chelation. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is a label-free, optical technique used to determine the dissociation constant (KD) of a complex formed between immobilized Ni2+ and peptides. The SwitchSENSE technology is another approach used to study Ni2+/peptide affinity. It utilizes the quenching of fluorescence of a fluorophore upon Ni2+ immobilization and the inverse fluorescence increase upon peptide binding onto Ni2+. Both analyses were carried out at pH 7.4. In this study, we successfully determined the dissociation constants (KD) of two peptides (ASH and DHGPKIFEPS) using SPR. These values compare favourably with previous results indicating metal chelating potential. The association rate constant (kon) of all peptides were determined using switchSENSE. Yet, due to bad fitting of the kinetics data obtained with switchSENSE, the KDs of the hydrolysates were only determined with low accuracy.
40-21
Authors: Smith K. M.  , Reid M. F.  , Wells J. R.
Published: September 2022

We report Zeeman infra-red spectroscopy of electronic-nuclear levels of 5I8 →5I7 transitions of Ho3+ in the C4v(F−) centre in CaF2 with the magnetic field along the ⟨111⟩ direction of the crystal. Transitions to the lowest 5I7 state, an isolated electronic doublet, and the next group of states, a pseudo-quadruplet consisting of a doublet and two nearby singlets, exhibit strongly non-linear Zeeman splittings and intensity variations. Simulated spectra based upon a crystal-field analysis give an excellent approximation to the data, illustrating the strong predictive ability of the parametrised crystal-field approach. Anti-crossings in the hyperfine splittings, the basis of quantum information storage in rare-earth doped insulating dielectrics, are also predicted.
33-21
Authors: Kuzmenko A.M.  , Ivanov V. Yu.  , Tikhanovskii A. Yu.  , Pimenov A.  , Shuvaev A.  , Gudim I. A.  , Mukhin A. A.
Published: September 2022

Experimental and theoretical study of submillimeter (terahertz) spectroscopic and magnetic properties of the rare-earth aluminum borate HoAl3(BO3)4 were performed at temperatures 3–300 K. In the transmittance spectra a number of resonance lines were detected at frequencies 2–35 cm–1 for different radiation polarizations. These modes were identified as transitions between the lower levels of the ground multiplet of the Ho3+ ion split by the crystal field, including both transitions from the ground state to the excited ones and transitions between the excited states. The established excitation conditions of the observed modes and the simulation of the spectra made it possible to separate the magnetic and electric dipole transitions and to determine the energies of the corresponding states, their symmetry, and the matrix elements of the transitions. Low-frequency lines that do not fit into the established picture of the electron states of Ho3+ were also found; these lines, apparently, correspond to the ions with the distorted by defects local symmetry of the crystal field.
23-21
Authors: Chukalina E. P.  , Jablunovskis A.  , Gudim I. A.
Published: September 2022

Iron borates NdFe3(BO3)4 and SmFe3(BO3)4 activated with 1% erbium, with a huntite structure (space symmetry group R32) were investigated by the method of erbium spectroscopic probe. From an analysis of the temperature dependence of the transmission spectra in the region of the 4I15/2→4I13/2 transition in the Er3+ ion, it was found that both studied compounds order antiferromagnetically at TN ≈ 33 K into an easy-plane magnetic structure. No other phase transitions were found.
41-21
Authors: Molchanova A.D.  , Moshkina E. M.  , Molokeev M. S.  , Tropina E. V.  , Bovina A.F.  , Boldyrev K. N.
Published: September 2022

This work presents information on the growth and spectroscopic study of single crystals of copper metaborate doped with nickel Cu1-xNixB2O4 (x = 0.05, 0.1). In the absorption spectra of both crystals, satellites related to Cu centers distorted by impurity Ni atoms were observed near the lines of zero phonon transitions. Polarization studies in the isotropic ab-plane of the tetragonal crystal Cu1-xNixB2O4 show the presence of linear magnetic dichroism in the magnetically ordered state, which was previously observed both in manganese-doped and undoped copper metaborates CuB2O4. The temperature of magnetic phase transitions into the collinear antiferromagnetic and into helicoidal structures, TN = 19.1 K and T* = 8.6 К, respectively, were determined from the temperature dependence of the dichroic signal.
Dedicated to the memory of A.I. Morozov Imry-Ma Phase in Systems with Defects of "Random Local Field" and "Random Local Anisotropy" Types (R e v i e w)
Authors: Berzin A. A.  , Morosov A. I.  , Sigov A. S.
Published: September 2022

The conditions for the appearance in systems with defects of the "random local field" and "random local anisotropy" type of the Imry--Ma phases, in which the direction of the order parameter follows large-scale fluctuations of a random field or random anisotropy, are considered. It is shown that the anisotropy of the distribution of random fields of defects in the space of the order parameter can lead to the appearance of the long-range order. An attention is paid to phase diagrams arising as a result of competition between random fields of defects and anisotropy induced by defects. By the example of a system with random anisotropy (nanocrystalline ferromagnet), the dependences of the coercive field on the crystallite size are considered. Keywords: defects of "random local field" type, defects of "random local anisotropy" type, phase transformations, Imry--Ma phase, phase diagrams, nanocrystalline ferromagnet.
Spinodal Decomposition of an Alloy with a Strong Concentration Dependence of the Mutual Diffusion Coefficient
Authors: Razymov I. K.
Published: September 2022

It is shown that the kinetics of decomposition of an alloy with a strong concentration dependence of the mutual diffusion coefficient is qualitatively different from the widely known kinetics of spinodal decomposition, since it includes the formation of metastable (in the kinetic sense) precipitates of the intermediate composition. Concentration dependence of the mutual diffusion coefficient is particularly due to the difference in impurity diffusion coefficients, as well as component self-diffusion coefficients, and it increases as temperature decreases. The calculations use an expression for the flow of component atoms in the absence of the substance flow, obtained previously under the kinetic theory of vacancy diffusion ("hole gas method"). Keywords: spinodal decomposition, mutual diffusion coefficient, precipitates of intermediate composition.
Placing of hydrogen in titanium oxyhydride
Authors: Valeeva A. A.  , Gusev A. I.
Published: September 2022

Possible models of the arrangement of hydrogen atoms at the sites of the cubic lattice of titanium oxyhydride TiOyHp with vacancies in the metallic and nonmetallic sublattices are considered. It was found that titanium oxyhydride retains the B1 type crystal lattice of the initial cubic titanium monoxide TiOy and contains structural vacancies in the metal and oxygen sublattices. Comparison of the found analytical expressions for the intensity of diffraction reflections with experimental X-ray and neutron diffraction data showed that interstitial H atoms in oxyhydrides occupy vacant octahedral positions 4( b) of the oxygen sublattice. No displacement of H atoms in tetrahedral positions 8( c) is observed. A disorder-order phase transition channel associated with the formation of an ordered monoclinic titanium oxyhydride of the Ti5O5 type was found. The distribution functions of Ti, O, and H atoms in the partially ordered monoclinic oxyhydride Ti5.33O5.12H0.74 (Ti0.89O0.85H0.12) with a Ti5O5-type structure are calculated for the first time, and the concentrations of these atoms at the positions of its lattice were found. Keywords:Titanium monoxide, Hydrogen, Nonstoichiometry, Vacancies, Octahedral and tetrahedral positions, Distribution function.
Semiconductor Properties of Polymer Films Based on Nickel Complex with Salen-type Ligand
Authors: Polozhentseva J.A.  , Alekseeva E.V.  , Karushev M.P.
Published: September 2022

Metal complexes of Schiff bases are considered as promising materials for energy storage and photovoltaic devices. In this work, the semiconducting properties of a polymer film of a nickel salen-type complex (poly-Ni(CH3O-Salen)) were studied by spectrophotometric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods. The Mott-Schottky analysis showed that the polymer film is a semiconducting material with a fairly narrow band gap, high charge carrier density and p-type conductivity. Using the method of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the limiting stage of the oxygen photoelectroreduction reaction, the process of charge transfer from the film to molecular oxygen, has been established. Keywords: Schiff bases, Mott-Schottky analysis, photovoltaic devices, semiconductor properties.
Spectral characteristics and energy transfer Ce-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=-->Tb-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=-->Eu-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- in LuBO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-(Ce, Tb, Eu) compound
Authors: Shmurak S. Z.  , Kedrov V. V.  , Kiselev A. P.  , Fursova T. N.  , Zver'kova I. I.
Published: September 2022

The structure, IR, luminescence, and luminescence excitation spectra of Ce3+, Tb3+, and Eu3+ ions in Lu1-2xCexEuxBO3 and Lu0.91-2xCexTb0.09EuxBO3 solid solutions were studied. The minimum "threshold" distance between Ce3+ and Eu3+ ions was estimated, at which there is no charge transfer between these ions, leading to the quenching of Ce3+ and Eu3+ luminescence. It is shown that in Lu0.91-2xCexTb0.09EuxBO3 compounds, the range of Ce and Eu concentrations of 0.2-0.25 at.% is optimal for obtaining the maximum luminous intensity of this compound. Keywords: phosphors for LEDs, rare earth orthoborates, X-ray diffraction analysis, IR spectroscopy, luminescence spectra.
Two-dimensional low density electrons in high magnetic field
Authors: Bisti V. E.
Published: September 2022

The photoluminescence spectrum from the two-dimensional low density electrons with the localized valence-band holes in magnetic field is studied. The ground state is considered as Wigner crystal ore the strongly correlated electron system. For the quantum Wigner crystal the Landau levels for vacancions (quasiholes appearing in the process of photoluminescence) are calculated in the quasiclassical approximation. The spectrum of single-particle excitations for a triangular lattice in the nearest-neighbor approximation is used. It is found that Landau levels for vacancions depend unusually on magnetic field. For the electron system with strong Coulomb interaction the Mahan exciton effect in the photoluminescence for the two-dimensional electrons in magnetic field is considered. Keywords: Wigner crystal, magnetic field, Mahan exciton, correlated electrons.
Structural and electronic properties of a new material --- SrOs-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-6-=/SUB=--=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Agzamova P. A.  , Streltsov S. V.
Published: September 2022

It was shown theoretically that a new material SrOs2O6 can exist; the crystal structure of SrOs2O6 is formed by the layers of OsO6 octahedra having common edges and forming a honeycomb type lattice. The structural and electronic properties of SrOs2O6 were investigated by the first-principal calculations. An antiferromagnetic structure was found to be energetically favorable for the studied compound. Keywords: ab initio calculations, low dimensional magnetism, band structure.
Calibration of neutron counters at the Globus-M2 tokamak
Authors: Skrekel O. M.  , Bakharev  N. N.  , Varfolomeev V. I.  , Gusev V. K.  , Ilyasova M. V.  , Telnova A. Yu.  , Khilkevich E. M.  , Shevelev A. E.
Published: September 2022

The paper discusses the results of the calibration of two coronaneutron counters used to measure the total neutron yield from the plasma ofthe Globus-M2 tokamak. The calibration was carried out in the experimentalhall of the Globus-M2 facility using an AmBe source. During thecalibration, the source moved at a constant speed around the central solenoid in theequatorial plane of the vacuum chamber, and one of the detectors wasgradually moved away from the tokamak along a line with a constant toroidalangle. The dependence of the calibration coefficient obtained depending distance of the detector from the tokamak is presented. Thecalibration technique made it possible to separate the contributions from the direct neutron flux emitted by the plasma andfrom the flux of neutrons scattered on the elements of the experimentalhall in the detector signal. Keywords: neutron diagnostics, spherical tokamak, neutron yield, neutron counters, thermonuclear fusion\
The influence of rare-earth metals on glass-forming ability and crystallization of CoFeSiBNb amorphous alloys
Authors: Rusanov B. A.  , Sidorov V. E.  , Svec Sr. P.  , Janickovic D.  , Lad'yanov V. I.  , Petrova S. A.  , Sabirzyanov A. A.
Published: September 2022

In present work amorphous alloys Co48Fe25Si4B19Nb4-R (R = Nd, Sm, Tb, Yb) were obtained by planar flow casting in the form of ribbons with 3-5 mm wide and 35-45μm thickness. It was found that crystallization process goes into two stages and depends on the used rare-earth addition and its content in the alloy by differential thermal analysis method. Glass-forming ability criteria were calculated. It is shown that paramagnetic Curie temperature of alloys in liquid state can be used as their a-priori criterion of glass-forming ability. Keywords: amorphous alloys, crystallization, glass-forming ability, differential thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, rare-earth metals.\
Thermodynamic properties of liquid cesium: searching for anomalies
Authors: Fokin L. R.  , Kulyamina E. Yu.
Published: September 2022

The polymorphism of liquid cesium at atmospheric pressure in thetemperature range of ~590 K in the form of a second-order phasetransition, announced in the late 90s, is not confirmed in new experimentalworks and in computer simulations of its properties. At the same time, thequestion whether the change in the properties of liquid cesium with adecrease or increase in density up to two times is monotonous or isaccompanied by various anomalies needs further research. Keywords: liquid cesium, polymorphism, second-order phase transition, density, adiabatic thermal pressure coefficient, structure\
The dependence of the sublimation temperature of the soot particles formed in the flames on their size and structure
Authors: Gurentsov E.V.  , Drakon A.V.  , Eremin A.V.  , Kolotushkin R.N.  , Mikheyeva E.Yu.
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the dependence of the sublimation temperature of soot particles synthesized during the combustion of various hydrocarbons, depending on their size and structure, is obtained. The experimental approach is based on the analysis of the thermal radiation of particles heated to the sublimation temperature by a nanosecond laser pulse. The sublimation temperature of soot particles was measured using the two-color pyrometry method. In this paper, it is proposed to use the average size of primary particles to compare data in different flames. It is established, that the sublimation temperature of soot particles depends mainly on the stage of their formation, which is characterized by an increase in average size. It is shown, that with an increase in the average particle size from 12 to 23 nm, their sublimation temperature increases significantly from 2700 to 4500 K. This reflects a significant difference in the thermodynamic and optical properties of the so-called "young" and "mature" soot particles, which must be taken into account when developing methods of soot diagnostics and in the thermo-physical analysis of combustion and pyrolysis processes with the formation of soot. Keywords: flames, soot particles, sublimation temperature, structure of soot particles, transmission electron microscopy, laser-induced incandescence.\
Formation of the composition and characteristics of the surface ofchromonicel steel 12CR18NI10T during laser modification in a layer of experimental alloying coating
Authors: Proskuryakov V. I.  , Rodionov I. V.
Published: September 2022

The results of an experimental study of laser pulsed modification of the surface of stainless steel 12CR18NI10T in a layer of alloying compound made of graphite paste and nanodispersed titanium dioxide powder (anatase) and without coating are presented. A comparative analysis of the effect of the coating on the elemental and phase compositions, morphological characteristics and microhardness of the modified surface is carried out. It was found that as a result of the treatment, the processes of cementation and oxidation of the surface occur, which made it possible to obtain a mixture of iron carbide and high-strength oxides in the surface layer of steel. In the samples that underwent laser treatment in the coating layer, an increase in the intensity of the diffraction peaks of the graphite phase and the formation of iron oxides Fe3O4 and chromium Cr2O3 with the presence of titanium dioxide TiO2 were revealed, which created a mixed heterophase metal oxide structure with increased mechanical strength. An increase in the microhardness of the modified surface after laser pulsed scanning in the layer of the experimental alloying compound is established. Keywords: Stainless steel, laser modification, alloying coating, elemental and phase compositions, surface structure, microhardness.\
Gate-source voltage dependence of the electrical conductivity of nickel-salen polymers in the electrochemical transistor
Authors: Smirnova E. A.  , Chepurnaya I. A.
Published: September 2022

For the first time, polymeric forms of the complexes N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediaminonickel(II) and N,N'-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)ethylenediaminonickel(II) have been investigated as functional materials for the conducting channels of organic electrochemical transistors. The dependence of the electrical conductivity of the polymers on the electrolyte anion-doping level has been established. The polymer film conductance versus gate voltage curve parameters have been shown to depend on the molecular structure of the complex and the nature of the electrolyte solvent. Keywords: organic electronics, electrochemical transistor, nickel-salen polymer, conductivity, doping.
The influence of carbon black content on temperature dependences of electrical conductivity of polymer composite
Authors: Zyuzin A. M.  , Karpeev A. A.  , Yantsen N. V.
Published: September 2022

It was found that in the region of the percolation threshold, depending on the dominance of one or another conduction mechanism, the temperature dependence of the specific volume resistivity rho(T) of the polymer composite based on a matrix of ethylene vinyl acetate is significantly transformed. With an increase in the CB content, there is a decrease by several orders of magnitude in the maximum value of the relative resistivity rho(T)max/rho20 in its temperature dependence. Peroxide crosslinking of matrix macromolecules leads to a change in the nature of the temperature dependence of resistivity. Keywords: polymer composites, carbon black, electrical conductivity, temperature dependence.
Acousto-Optic MultiBeam Axial Diffraction in Paratellurite
Authors: Antonov S. N.  , Rezvov Yu. G.  , Podolsky V. A.  , Sivkova O. D.
Published: September 2022

To form a multibeam radiation pattern, it is proposed to use the axial geometry of acousto-optic interaction in paratellurite. In the single frequency mode, the use of this geometry for angular scanning is characterized by a dip in the frequency response. Optimization of a multifrequency radio signal makes it possible to efficiently divide laser radiation into several beams with maintaining the fundamental advantages of axial geometry: minimum crystal size and power consumption. Keywords: acousto-optic diffraction, acousto-optic deflector, axial geometry, multifrequency mode, paratellurite.
Array radio imaging based on heterodyne detection with application of the continuous-wave radar technique
Authors: Korolyov S. A.  , Goryunov A. V.  , Parshin V. V.
Published: September 2022

A new approach to the creation of millimeter-wave radio imaging systems is proposed. This approach is based on the use of an array receiver consisting of a densely packed (pixel size of 4 mm) array of planar mixers located in the focal plane of a quasi-optical objective, with application of the frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar technique. It has been demonstrated that the implementation of the heterodyne type of reception makes it possible to increase the distance range of the array radio imaging system up to ~ 100 m while maintaining the angular resolution at the previous level. Keywords: millimeter-wave imaging, frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar, focal-plane array (FPA) receiver
Analysis of exciton luminescence in GaN meso-cavity.
Authors: Belonovski A. V.  , Morozov K. M.  , Kotova L. V.
Published: September 2022

We have considered the interaction of an exciton mode with photonic modes in a GaN structure several μm in size. A technique for obtaining spectra from such structures has been demonstrated. The cavity shape and dimensions most optimal for efficient light/matter interaction have been selected. The theoretical spectrum for the selected cavity has been obtained and analyzed Keywords: gallium nitride, exciton, meso-cavity, spectrum.
A 1D quasilinear equation describing the current drive excitation by helicons in a tokamak plasma
Authors: Popov A. Yu.  , Gusakov E. Z.
Published: September 2022

A quasilinear equation which allows describing evolution of the electron distribution function and generation of non-inductive currents by helicons is obtained. It is shown that in the analyzed case the Fokker-Planck equation can be approximated by a one-dimensional equation in the longitudinal electron velocity space with a diffusion coefficient proportional to the helicon power absorbed by electrons due to Landau damping. Keywords: tokamak, current drive, helicon, quasilinear diffusion
Manifestation of the Widom line in microwave measurements of sorbents moistened with hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Gurulev A. A.  , Orlov A. O.
Published: September 2022

For deeply supercooled bulk water, known are anomalies of thermodynamic quantities near the Widom line, the locus of increased fluctuations of entropy and density. In this work, we measured the reflected power of microwave radiation at the frequency of 18 GHz from a silicate sorbent sample moistened with a hydrogen peroxide solution. In the experiment, we observed variations in the recorded reflected radiation power in the range of -46 to -47oC determined by structural changes in the liquid. Thus, it is shown that fluctuations of water parameters near the Widom line manifest themselves in changes not only in thermodynamic, but also in electrophysical quantities. Keywords: Widom line, second critical point, nanoporous materials, hydrogen peroxide, microwaves.
Analysis of socio-demographic factors affecting the management options for emesis gravidarum in pregnant women
Authors: Laili Uliyatul , Zuwariah Nur
Published: September 2022

Background: Management of emesis in pregnancy depends on the severity of the symptoms felt by the pregnant woman. Treatment for emesis gravidarum can be carried out in several ways: pharmacological treatment which is the use of medical drugs, non-pharmacological treatment such as avoiding the consumption of coconut milk or fat-containing food, and frequent eating of small portion of food. In addition, the management of emesis gravidarum can also be done using a complementary treatment with acupressure, aromatherapy, and other methods. Currently, the type of management chosen by most health workers and accepted by pregnant women are pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Recently, health workers have begun to develop and apply the use of complementary therapies in overcoming emesis gravidarum in pregnant women. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the characteristics of pregnant women that influence the choice of emesis gravidarum management.Methods: This was a cross sectional quantitative study. The research was conducted at the Independent Midwife Practice (PBM) Nanik, Sidoarjo. The population in this study were women in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. 43 respondents were taken as sample by using purposive sampling. The independent variables in this study were factors that influence the mother, such as age, occupation, education, parity, and knowledge. Meanwhile, the dependent variable was the emesis gravidarum therapy chosen (pharmacological, non-pharmacological and complementary therapies). The data were collected directly using questionnaires. Results: The results show that most of the respondents (67%) were those aged 21-35 years, 58% was primiparous mothers, 58% had secondary education, 51% was housewives, while 47% had good knowledge level about emesis gravidarum management. The bivariate analysis using chi square showed that education, occupation and knowledge had an effect on the choice of therapy for emesis gravidarum with p value < 0.05. Conclusions: Education, occupation, and knowledge were factors related to the choice of management for nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. Therefore, cooperation and the right decision making were necessary in determining the therapy for emesis gravidarum.
Enhancing Nurse–Robot Engagement: Two-Wave Survey Study
Authors: Liao Gen-Yih , Huang Tzu-Ling , Wong May-Kuen , Shyu Yea-Ing Lotus , Ho Lun-Hui , Wang Chi , Cheng T C E , Teng Ching-I
Published: September 2022

Background

Robots are introduced into health care contexts to assist health care professionals. However, we do not know how the benefits and maintenance of robots influence nurse–robot engagement.

Objective

This study aimed to examine how the benefits and maintenance of robots and nurses’ personal innovativeness impact nurses’ attitudes to robots and nurse–robot engagement.

Methods

Our study adopted a 2-wave follow-up design. We surveyed 358 registered nurses in operating rooms in a large-scale medical center in Taiwan. The first-wave data were collected from October to November 2019. The second-wave data were collected from December 2019 to February 2020. In total, 344 nurses participated in the first wave. We used telephone to follow up with them and successfully followed-up with 331 nurses in the second wave.

Results

Robot benefits are positively related to nurse–robot engagement (β=.13, P<.05), while robot maintenance requirements are negatively related to nurse–robot engagement (β=–.15, P<.05). Our structural model fit the data acceptably (comparative fit index=0.96, incremental fit index=0.96, nonnormed fit index=0.95, root mean square error of approximation=0.075).

Conclusions

Our study is the first to examine how the benefits and maintenance requirements of assistive robots influence nurses’ engagement with them. We found that the impact of robot benefits on nurse–robot engagement outweighs that of robot maintenance requirements. Hence, robot makers should consider emphasizing design and communication of robot benefits in the health care context.
Automatic Assessment of Intelligibility in Noise in Parkinson Disease: Validation Study
Authors: Moya-Galé Gemma , Walsh Stephen J , Goudarzi Alireza
Published: September 2022

Background

Most individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) experience a degradation in their speech intelligibility. Research on the use of automatic speech recognition (ASR) to assess intelligibility is still sparse, especially when trying to replicate communication challenges in real-life conditions (ie, noisy backgrounds). Developing technologies to automatically measure intelligibility in noise can ultimately assist patients in self-managing their voice changes due to the disease.

Objective

The goal of this study was to pilot-test and validate the use of a customized web-based app to assess speech intelligibility in noise in individuals with dysarthria associated with PD.

Methods

In total, 20 individuals with dysarthria associated with PD and 20 healthy controls (HCs) recorded a set of sentences using their phones. The Google Cloud ASR API was used to automatically transcribe the speakers’ sentences. An algorithm was created to embed speakers’ sentences in +6-dB signal-to-noise multitalker babble. Results from ASR performance were compared to those from 30 listeners who orthographically transcribed the same set of sentences. Data were reduced into a single event, defined as a success if the artificial intelligence (AI) system transcribed a random speaker or sentence as well or better than the average of 3 randomly chosen human listeners. These data were further analyzed by logistic regression to assess whether AI success differed by speaker group (HCs or speakers with dysarthria) or was affected by sentence length. A discriminant analysis was conducted on the human listener data and AI transcriber data independently to compare the ability of each data set to discriminate between HCs and speakers with dysarthria.

Results

The data analysis indicated a 0.8 probability (95% CI 0.65-0.91) that AI performance would be as good or better than the average human listener. AI transcriber success probability was not found to be dependent on speaker group. AI transcriber success was found to decrease with sentence length, losing an estimated 0.03 probability of transcribing as well as the average human listener for each word increase in sentence length. The AI transcriber data were found to offer the same discrimination of speakers into categories (HCs and speakers with dysarthria) as the human listener data.

Conclusions

ASR has the potential to assess intelligibility in noise in speakers with dysarthria associated with PD. Our results hold promise for the use of AI with this clinical population, although a full range of speech severity needs to be evaluated in future work, as well as the effect of different speaking tasks on ASR.
Macronutrient, nutritional status, and anemia incidence in adolescents at Islamic boarding school
Authors: Pibriyanti Kartika , Zahro Lola , Ummah Safira Kholifatul , Luthfiya Lulu’ , Sari Fitri Komala
Published: September 2022

Background: Anemia occurs due to the body's loss of red blood cells and decreased iron absorption. Globally, it is known that the prevalence of anemia is 1.62 billion, with the majority of anemia sufferers being a group of women who are not pregnant, as many as 468.4 million people. In addition, the highest prevalence of anemia in the group of school-age girls is 47.4%, while in men, only 12.7%.Objective: This study aims to determine the correlation between macronutrients and nutritional status with the anemia accident in adolescents at Islamic Boarding schools.Methods: This study used a case-control design with matching criteria aged 15-19 years, not menstruating, not fasting. Sampling with quota sampling of late adolescents with a population of 15-19 years 1,359 people, anemic case sample of 46 people and control without anemia 46 people, intake questionnaire using the SQ-FFQ, statistical test with Chi-Square.Results: There was a significant relationship between macronutrient intake [energy p=0.048; OR=3.3 (CI 0.965-11.28), protein p=0.036; OR=3.98 (CI 1.018-15.57)] and nutritional status [p=0.024; OR=5.35 (CI 1.088-26.32)] with anemia incidence. Less energy intake has a risk of 3.3 times anemia, lack of protein intake has a risk of 3.98 times, and malnutrition has a risk of anemia of 5.35 times.Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between energy, protein intake, and nutritional status with anemia incidents. Nutritional status has the strongest association with anemia. * Presented at the International Nutrition and Health Symposium (INHESION) on Sunday, November 15th, 2020, in Yogyakarta, organized by HIMAGIKA and the Department of Health Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada