bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modification of Asymmetric Polysulfone Membrane Surfaces using Mixed Ar/O2 Plasma Technique
Authors: KAEW-ON Chaiporn , CHITTRAKARN Thawat , RUANGDIT Soraya , YUENYAO Chalad , TIRAWANICHAKUL Yutthana
Published: November 2020

Asymmetric polysulfone (PSF) membranes for gas separation were prepared via dry-wet phase inversion technique at different conditions such as coagulation bath temperature (CBT) and evaporation time (ET). The thickness of the dense layer that plays an important role on gas selectivity has been investigated by adjusting CBT and ET. Additionally, membranes were treated with mixed Ar/O2 DC glow discharge plasma in order to modify membrane wettability, surface roughness, and functional groups on the membrane surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to illustrate a cross sectional structure of PSF membranes. Hydrophilic properties of the membrane surfaces were analyzed via water contact angle (WCA) and surface energy measurements. Morphological structures of membrane surfaces, roughness and creation of functional groups were analyzed both before and after plasma treatment by atomic force microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Experimental results show that CBT and ET can change porous voids size of the supporting layer and the dense layer thickness underneath of the membrane surface, while a mixed Ar/O2 gas plasma treatment can enhance hydrophilic properties of the asymmetric PSF membrane surfaces.
Inhibitory Activity of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Candida albicans
Authors: WANACHANTARARAK Phenphichar , SUANPOOT Pradoong , NISOA Mudtorlep
Published: November 2020

Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) application of dental treatment technologies has recently gained much interest. However, information regarding safety, applications, and how they work is limited. In this study, we examined the inhibitory activity of CAP against Candida albican. The Ar gas has been discharged by CAP of 100 KHz and has been produced inside 4 L/min. The system was operated with the HVRF power input 20 W and treatments of 0, 5, 10, 15 min for samples. The Candida albican standard strain used in this experiment was ATCC 10231. In order to assess the inhibitory activity of CAP against Candida albican, we employed 2 methods; the colony number count and MTT colorimetric assay. The colonies of Candida albican standard strain ATCC 10231 were significantly at 5, 10 and 15 min exposure of CAP (p < 0.05) as compared to un-treatment. According to the result of MTT colorimetric assay, we found that cell viability was significant after 10 min exposure as compared to un-treatment (p < 0.05). In summary, the overall results stated that CAP possesses the inhibitory activity against Candida albican standard strain ATCC 10231 at 100 KHz, 20 W after 5 min.
Differential Expression of miR-101 and miR-744 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Pahang State of Malaysia
Authors: AHMAD Azmir , WAHID Haziq Abdul , LEMAN Wan Ishlah , OTHMAN Noor Syamila , RAHMAN Azlina Abdul , ABDULLAH Kahairi , MUHAMMAD Siti Aesah Naznin , KADERI Mohd. Arifin
Published: November 2020

Previous study found that microRNA-101 (miR-101) and microRNA-744 (miR-744) were deregulated in head and neck cancers and were implicated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) carcinogenesis. Thus, this study aimed to determine the expression of miR-101 and miR-744 in NPC and analyse the utility of these microRNAs (miRNAs) as diagnostic biomarkers. Total RNA was extracted from 31 NPC and 7 non-NPC control formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized from the total RNA and proceeded with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Differential expression of miR-101 and miR-744 were calculated from quantification cycle (Cq) data using 2-ΔΔCq calculation. The performance of these miRNAs were calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The differential expression for miR-101 and miR-744 were -1.39 (p < 0.05) and 2.48 (p > 0.05), respectively, where the deregulations were consistent with the previous report. The area under curve for miR-101, miR-744 and combination of miR-101 and miR-744 were 0.654 (95 % CI: 0.465 - 0.844), 0.588 (95 % CI: 0.368 - 0.808) and 0.626 (95 % CI: 0.481 - 0.771), respectively. However, re-analysis using balanced sample size between NPC and non-NPC control group showed the value decreased to 0.653 (95 % CI: 0.347 - 0.959) for miR-101 but increased to 0.827 (95 % CI: 0.601 - 1.000) for miR-744 and 0.758 (95 % CI: 0.576 - 0.939) for the combination of miR-101 and miR-744, indicating the importance of having a balanced sample size. We have successfully determined the expression of miR-101 and miR-744 in NPC samples. We also demonstrated statistically the utility of these miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Kontrol Penetas Telur Ayam Kampung Menggunakan Metode MADM dan SMS Gateway
Authors: Tijaniyah  , Honainah
Published: November 2020

The process of good egg incubation is a major factor in the quality of native chicken eggs which during this time the native chicken mother has many problems such as the lack of eggs that hatch, the number of chickens that are not weather resistant so many eggs that do not hatch and chicken seeds in dead eggs, at least chicken breeders which incubates the eggs, there is no proper method in calculating the temperature and humidity parameters of the chicken coop and there is no information on the process of hatching eggs to farmers in real time. Overcoming this problem, the latest technology is needed that can replace the conventional system of farmers with a controlled system of chicken egg incubators. In this case, the author will make a machine equipped with a chicken hatching control system using the MADM calculation method and SMS Gateway technology as a medium of information to farmers.
Formulasi Trigonometri Dalam Pembuatan Software Penentuan Arah Kiblat berbasis Visual Basic
Authors: Mustafa Syukur  , Muhammad Hasan Basri
Published: November 2020

The science of Falak is basically divided into two types, namely the science of Falak Ilmiy, and the science of Falak Amaliy. The science of Falak discussing the direction of Qibla is basically calculating the amount of angles flanked by meridian lines that pass through a place that is called the Qibla direction with a large circle passing through the relevant place and the Kaaba, and calculating what time the sun cuts the path to the Kaaba. The problem that arises is not everyone is able to calculate the correct direction about the Qibla direction but instead uses a range of directions. It is possible to make an application program for determining the direction of Qibla and others so that it can be used for the general public and is easy to apply. This research helps how to calculate the direction of Qibla and how to make and apply the software of Qibla direction determination using visual basic. The results of this study can be used as a reference in solving various cases of physical analysis in various aspects related to other astronomy.
Deteksi Abnormality Dengan Menggunakan Algortima KLT Pada Citra Video CCTV
Authors: Lailia Rahmawati
Published: November 2020

Abnormality Detection on CCTV video images that are shown on a particular individual or a particular object where the movement is captured by a minority. The use of KLT Algorithm (Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi) as Algortima Tracing results of a video that has been done Residual Spectral process that aims to produce a global movement that allocates an interesting area. From the comparison results it is known that the number of pixels in the detection move smaller than the detection is not moving. Then the result is that, the abnormal minority is that there is an object moving on its own compared to the other objects
Rekonfigurasi Jaringan Radial Distribusi Tenaga Listrik Penyulang Suryagraha Menggunakan Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO)
Authors: Diana Mulya Dewi  , Nuzul Hikmah  , Imam Marzuki  , Ahmad Izzuddin
Published: November 2020

A radial distribution electrical network at a certain distance will have a large voltage loss due to conductive losses, especially at the end point. The tip voltage is determined by the distance of the distribution and the amount of load. The form of configuration also affects the amount of power loss and voltage loss. So that a good configuration is needed in order to obtain good efficiency. Reconfiguration of the distribution network is used to reset the network configuration form by opening and closing switches on the distribution network. Reconfiguration is expected to reduce power losses and improve distribution system reliability. Many feeders and buses on the network if calculated manually will be difficult and require a very long time. So it is necessary to solve problems using program assistance. In this case, use Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm based on the behavior of a herd of insects, such as ants, termites, bees or birds. BPSO is a development of the PSO algorithm designed to solve the optimization problem in a discrete combination, where the particle takes the value of binary vectors with length n and speed which is defined as the probability of xn bits to reach value 1. The results show a significant reduction in losses .
Serviço Social e Trabalho Social em Habitação: requisições conservadoras, resistências e proposições
Authors:   Rosangela Dias Oliveira da Paz, Paz Rosangela ,   Tânia Maria Ramos de Godoi Diniz, Diniz Tânia , Cardoso Isabel , Santos Suenya , Alves Mércia , Gonçalves Renata , Faustino Deivison , Costa Solange , Amoras Maria do Socorro , Vieira Nuria , Ágata Lúcia , Hein Cleonice , Fidelis Cíntia , Rossatto Tuane , Gusmão Ivaldo , Santana Joana , Holanda Anna Carolina , Ribeiro Rovaine , Sakatauskas Giselle , Mauês Rogério , Silva Caroline , França Bruno , Santos Clenivalda , Carpanelli Fernanda
Published: November 2020

Este livro representa um esforço coletivo de um grupo de pesquisadores, docentes e profissionais que se organizaram, mobilizando pesquisas e ensaios produzidos em torno da temática — trabalho social na política de habitação — com o objetivo de oferecer contribuições ao debate da formação e do exercício profissional, contribuições essas tangenciadas pela sua inscrição na totalidade histórica e pela necessária reflexão sobre o seu caráter político. Os doze artigos que constituem essa coletânea estabelecem um diálogo profícuo com a política de habitação, uma política que, pela sua natureza (afinal, a casa é um bem na sociabilidade do capital) e dadas as configurações históricas e políticas da realidade brasileira, tem tido seus programas e projetos sistematicamente refuncionalizados e ressignificados. Em síntese, o conjunto de artigos desta obra estimula a pensar a política e as dimensões que a subordinam à dinâmica econômica neoliberal, cuja lógica societária mercantil se estende a todas as esferas da vida. E estimula a pensar que compreender essa subordinação é fundamental para desembocar em movimentos e ações na defesa dos direitos, particularmente, no direito à moradia e à cidade.
Pragmatic Hedges in Editorials: A Focus on Vanguard, Guardian and Sun Newspaper Editorials in 2017
Authors: Constance Omo Ikosomi , Idegbekwe Destiny
Published: November 2020

Many studies have been carried out on the operations of hedges in different language discourse especially in scientific reports and academic writing. Amongst these studies, none has focused on the operations, functions and layout of hedges in Nigerian newspapers. It is on this basis therefor that the current study pays attention to the nature and pragmatic functions which hedges are deployed in Nigerian newspaper editorials. It is the academic gap which the present study unravels. The study used the categorisation of hedges provided by Salager Meyer (1994) as the theoretical framework. The study sampled six editorials each from the 2017 editorials of the Vanguard, Guardian and Sun newspapers, making a total of 18 editorials for analysis. At the end, the study present amongst other findings that the shield hedges are the more frequently used hedges in the newspaper editorials as all the newspapers used it. On the other hand, the study found out that no newspaper editorial used the compound hedge as there was none found in the sampled data.
Grammaticalization of some Postpositional Enclitics in Kanuri written Texts
Authors: Alkali Gazali Baba Kura
Published: November 2020

This paper examines strategies and concepts of postpositional clitics in Kanuri. clitics in Kanuri within the broad framework of descriptive linguistics. The study adopts the works of Zwicky and Pullum (1983), Anderson (2005) and Spencer and Luis (2012) as its analytic models. The primary sources of data collection are Kanuri written texts: Sǝmonǝm wuro sarugǝsǝne by Norbert Cyffer and Nyariwa Kanuribe by Shettima Bukar Abba and John Hutchison. These two texts are collection of stories written in the yerwa dialect of Kanuri. All the various places where the postpositional particles –ro, -lan,-ma and -ga occurred are identified and extracted for presentation and analysis. The outcome of the study reveals that these particles can be encliticized to lexical words in Kanuri to express different functions.  These particles –ro, lan, ga and ma virtually attach to every grammatical categories of words in Kanuri i.e. nouns, adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs to express different functions while the Emphatic =ma can be used as focus marker in Kanuri.
Incomplete understanding of concepts and knowing in part what something is
Authors: Abath André J.
Published: November 2020

Burge (1979) famously argued that one can have thoughts involving a concept C even if one’s understanding of C is incomplete. Even though this view has been extremely influential, it has also been taken by critics as less than clear. The aim of this paper is to show that the cases imagined by Burge (1979) as being ones in which incomplete understanding of concepts is involved can be made clearer given an account of direct concept ascriptions—such as “Peter has the concept of arthritis”—according to which these ascriptions are to be analysed in terms of ascriptions of the knowledge of what something is. The upshot is that the cases imagined by Burge (1979) can be explained is terms of the idea of subjects knowing in part what something is.
High school student and teacher perceptions of an online learning experience integrating STEM and poultry science
Authors: Erickson MaryGrace , Erasmus Marisa A , Karcher Darrin M. , Knobloch Neil A. , Karcher Elizabeth L.
Published: November 2020

Recent policy reports have demanded more effective education resources to support workforce needs and address deficiencies in STEM and agricultural literacy among U.S. citizens. This research assessed an education al program for secondary students contextualizing STEM education with in poultry science. We designed seven 30 - minute online modules to be integrated into existing agriculture and biology courses. Module content included basic hen management and welfare principles presented through text, videos, and interactive games. Participants were 499 students in 23 classrooms who used the modules in the Fall 2018 semester and served as a single treatment group in a mixed - methods study assessing program effectiveness. After the program, students completed an online questionnaire assessing motivation during the program . In addition, students completed ten 1 - point content question s before and after the first six modules. Following the program, teachers responded to open - ended prompts. After excluding incomplete entries, data were analyzed from 1 69 student responses matched from pre - to post - questionnaire (3 4 .1%) and 9 teacher respondents (56.2%). For each of the six content quizzes, significant increases in students’ knowledge were observed after completing the modules. Students reported low to moderate interest and enjoyment in the modules and moderate perceived autonomy . Qualitative responses from both students and teachers indicated that the program’s contextualization of STEM and interactive features enhanced student learning and interest.
Comparative Analysis of Students’ Perceived Agripreneurship Competencies and Likelihood to become Agripreneurs depending on Learning Approach: A Report from Uganda
Authors: Mukembo Stephen C. , Edwards M. Craig , Robinson J. Shane
Published: November 2020

Ensuring food security for a growing populace amidst an aging farmer population together with a decline in youth engagement in agriculture remains a global challenge. This is more distressing for developing countries, such as Uganda, that rely on subsistence farming to meet their food production demands, including job-creation for at least 75% of their populations. Therefore, the need exists to interest young people to lead innovative enterprises as agripreneurs to overcome poverty, food insecurity, and youth unemployment. A quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group design was used in this study. The findings indicate that a statistically significant (p < .01) main effect existed between groups for perceived agripreneurship competencies depending on the instructional approach. Students in the treatment group had higher adjusted marginal mean scores for perceived agripreneurship competencies than members of the counterfactual group, which implied they benefited from a project-based learning approach. However, because the females had lower agripreneurial intentions than males regardless of group, additional research is needed on how to engage and inspire females to pursue agripreneurial ventures, i.e., increase their intentions, if doing such would improve the individuals’ economic livelihoods.
Teacher Philosophies of Career Development Events: Implications for Curriculum in Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources Education
Authors: Goodwin Catlin M. , McKim Aaron J.
Published: November 2020

Student engagement in Career and Technical Student Organizations (CTSOs) offer tremendous opportunities for content learning, leadership development, and career preparation. Included in the scope of CTSOs are skills contests, competitions designed to test student knowledge and skills within respective content areas. Within school-based agricultural education, these skills contests are called career development events (CDEs). Building upon existing research identifying the importance of CDE preparation to student performance and knowledge transfer, the current study quantified CDE preparation occurring within agricultural education classrooms, educator philosophies of CDEs, and the relationship between philosophies and CDE preparation. Findings indicate the majority of responding teachers held a student development philosophy and incorporated moderate to high amounts of CDE preparation within their classroom curriculum. Additionally, findings suggest a practically significant relationship between teacher philosophies and CDE preparation, with teachers possessing a competition and achievement philosophy facilitating the highest amount of CDE preparation during classroom instruction. In total, findings provide important insights into CDE preparation within agricultural education as well as a template for evaluating similar relationships throughout other CTE areas.
Exploring Content, Pedagogy, and Literacy Strategies among Preservice Teachers in CASE Institutes
Authors: Tummons John D. , Hasselquist Laura , Smalley Scott W.
Published: November 2020

Educational leaders implement professional development activities to facilitate teacher learning and growth. Each summer, scores of secondary agriculture teachers attend Curriculum for Agricultural Science Education (CASE) institutes as a form of professional development. Recently, teacher preparation programs have begun offering CASE institutes for preservice teachers. This study explored the lived experiences of preservice teachers in two CASE institutes. Three central themes emerged from the data: 1) preservice participants wrestled with adoption of inquiry teaching strategies as a teaching method, 2) contextualized literacy in the agriculture classroom helped preservice participants understand their role as a teacher of literacy, and 3) participant content knowledge growth was intertwined with self-growth in formative assessment, classroom management/grouping, and literacy strategies. The findings were presented through vignettes to provide a thick, rich description of the case. Recommendations include offering modified CASE institutes for preservice teachers, use of lead teachers who are familiar with the developmental challenges of preservice teachers, and monitoring participant content knowledge to facilitate growth in pedagogical content knowledge.
Assessing the Acceptance of Incorporating Agriculture into Elementary School Curriculum
Authors: Burrows Michelle , Sorensen Tyson , Spielmaker Debra
Published: November 2020

Agriculture is essential to meeting our basic human needs for food, clothing and shelter, however; many citizens lack the agricultural literacy to understand the connection between agriculture, the environment and themselves. It is necessary for individuals to be agriculturally literate to make informed every-day decisions. It is vital that young people are given the opportunity to become agriculturally literate and that teachers understand the value of educating students about agriculture. Through the use of a teacher survey distributed to elementary school teachers in grades Kindergarten through 6th; this study assessed teacher acceptance of incorporating agriculture into elementary school curriculum. A total of 407 teachers participated in the study. The results suggest that elementary grade teachers perceive agriculture education as important and they would be interested in learning more about incorporating it into their curriculum. However, most of the participants were not currently using agriculture in their classrooms. Recommendations include increased marketing of AITC resources and connections with pre-service teachers. Further research should include a national replication for more generalizability.
Comparing the 5E Method of Inquiry-based Instruction and the Four-Stage Model of Direct Instruction on Students’ Content Knowledge Achievement in an ENR Curriculum
Authors: Colclasure Blake C. , Thoron Andrew C. , Osborne Edward W. , Roberts T. Grady , Pringle Rose M.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare the 5E method of inquiry-based instruction (IBI) and the four-stage model of direct instruction (DI) on students’ content knowledge achievement. The population for this study was all secondary high school students enrolled in the CASE® Natural Resources and Ecology course and whose teachers completed the CASE® Institute for Natural Resources and Ecology certification between the years 2013 and 2017. This study was quasi-experimental and used a nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design. A convenient sample of 13 teachers and 222 students was collected. Each teacher was randomly assigned to deliver a set of 16 lesson plans that utilized either the IBI or DI approach. Lesson plans were grouped into four modules, each lasting approximately two weeks. Prior to the delivery of each module, teachers administered content knowledge pretests. Posttests were administered at the completion of each 2-week module. Students in both groups demonstrated significant gains in content knowledge achievement. ANCOVA statistical procedures were used to compare student achievement for both instructional methods. Results of the ANCOVA indicated that the 5E method of IBI and the four- stage model of DI are equally effective on students’ content knowledge achievement.
A Longitudinal Evaluation of Conflict Management Capacity Building Efforts in Higher Education
Authors: Lamm Kevan W. , Sapp L. Rochelle , Lamm Alexa J. , Randall Nekeisha
Published: November 2020

The cost of conflict avoidance and mismanagement can be detrimental to organizational environments. Thus, the need for individuals capable of managing conflict effectively is a vital and necessary leadership skillset, specifically within higher education. The purpose of this study was to examine if participation in the LEAD21 leadership development program, a national leadership program for faculty emerging as leaders in the land-grant university system, changed participant levels of conflict management capacity. The longitudinal analysis included comparisons across members of four classes in the LEAD21 program, as well as the aggregated data from all four years. Results indicated the overall level of conflict management capacity rose by an average of 15.1%. Agricultural leadership educators can use the results to inform leadership education initiatives while also using the presented Conflict Management Scale to measure such initiatives. Study expansions, implications, and recommendations are discussed.
Examining the Relationship Between Goal Orientation and Individual Characteristics Amongst Agricultural Leadership Development Program Participants
Authors: Lamm Kevan W. , Powell Alyssa N. , Lamm Alexa J.
Published: November 2020

The importance of knowing and employing strategies to effectively motivate learners is well established. This is also true for leadership educators that have a mandate to build leadership capacity amongst learners in various environments. However, despite the importance of learner motivation in learning environments, there has been a lack of empirical studies to determine if there may be dispositional trends related to motivational tendencies based on demographic categories, specifically within adult agricultural leadership development program participants. The current study analyzed goal orientation disposition across demographic categories including gender, age, organizational level, educational attainment, and geographic region amongst alumni of adult agricultural leadership development programs. The results indicate there are trends related to demographic categories leadership educators may consider using as entry points to more effectively motivate learners based on dispositional tendencies. For example, the results imply desire to prove competence relative to peers decreases with age. Therefore, a recommendation for educators would be to target strategies fostering healthy competition towards younger learners and target strategies providing opportunities for learning and personal reflection towards older learners. Additionally, a significant non-finding is goal orientation, not influenced by cognitive ability, is independent of educational attainment. A recommendation then is for educators to not base motivational strategies on cognitive ability or educational attainment. Further research is needed to extend the results of the present study to a much larger population of adults engaged in agriculture across the globe.
Fostering Identity Development in Teacher Preparation: Service-Learning's Role in Empowering Agricultural Education Majors to Teach STEM Concepts
Authors: Roberts Richie , English Chastity Warren , Alston Antoine J.
Published: November 2020

Existing evidence has demonstrated that educators often lack the competencies required to address science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) related issues and problems when teaching. As such, a need existed to identify ways to help preservice students negotiate meaning, construct knowledge, and become empowered to facilitate the teaching and learning of STEM in agriculture – a concept known as STEM identity development. One method of instruction used to achieve such is service-learning (SL). This study's purpose, therefore, was to describe the role of SL in empowering agricultural education majors at North Carolina A&T State University to expand their STEM identity over one academic semester. Findings revealed that as the project progressed, students articulated their SL experiences helped them evolve in three dimensions: (1) competence, (2) performance, and (3) recognition. However, students' ability to construct a more mature STEM identity was also filtered their unique contextual lenses as they engaged with racially diverse populations during the SL project. Moving forward, we recommend that teacher preparation programs more purposefully feature STEMfocused, SL experiences in teaching methods courses. Perhaps, such a curricular change could help better recognize, support, and leverage the identity trajectories of students while also ensuring that opportunities to feature STEM concepts in agricultural education continue to be expanded.
De conflictscheiding als complexe gezinsproblematiek
Authors: de Ruiter Corine , Marzolla Marilien , Ramakers Niki
Published: November 2020

High Conflict Divorce as a Complex Family Problem: Why Domestic Violence Screening is Essential

High Conflict Divorce form 20% of separations that involve children. These parents continue to litigate child custody and parenting arrangements, and accuse each other of child abuse, intimate partner violence, and mental health problems. The children suffer because of longstanding animosity. In this contribution, we report on a pilot study among 102 parents in a high conflict divorce, assessed at the Child Protection Council, Safe Home, or a child welfare service. The MASIC, a structured screening interview for intimate partner violence (IPV), was administered to each parent separately. Results revealed that the prevalence of different types of IPV was extremely high in our sample, and the violence kept occurring after the divorce, albeit somewhat less frequently. Our findings largely concur with international research in this area. In particular, the presence of coercive controlling violence perpetrated by one of the ex-partners, should prompt the professional to conduct further evaluation of parental and child safety. The type of IPV that emerges from the MASIC screening has implications for the advice to the parents and the family court.
Global climate response to idealized deforestation in CMIP6 models
Authors: Boysen Lena R. , Brovkin Victor , Pongratz Julia , Lawrence David M. , Lawrence Peter , Vuichard Nicolas , Peylin Philippe , Liddicoat Spencer , Hajima Tomohiro , Zhang Yanwu , Rocher Matthias , Delire Christine , Séférian Roland , Arora Vivek K. , Nieradzik Lars , Anthoni Peter , Thiery Wim , Laguë Marysa M. , Lawrence Deborah , Lo Min-Hui
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Changes in forest cover have a strong effect on climate through the
alteration of surface biogeophysical and biogeochemical properties that
affect energy, water and carbon exchange with the atmosphere. To quantify
biogeophysical and biogeochemical effects of deforestation in a consistent
setup, nine Earth system models (ESMs) carried out an idealized experiment in the
framework of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 6 (CMIP6).
Starting from their pre-industrial state, models linearly replace 20×106 km2 of forest area in densely forested regions with grasslands over a
period of 50 years followed by a stabilization period of 30 years. Most of
the deforested area is in the tropics, with a secondary peak in the boreal
region. The effect on global annual near-surface temperature ranges from no
significant change to a cooling by 0.55 ∘C, with a multi-model
mean of -0.22±0.21 ∘C. Five models simulate a temperature
increase over deforested land in the tropics and a cooling over deforested
boreal land. In these models, the latitude at which the temperature response
changes sign ranges from 11 to 43∘ N, with a multi-model mean of
23∘ N. A multi-ensemble analysis reveals that the detection of
near-surface temperature changes even under such a strong deforestation
scenario may take decades and thus longer than current policy horizons. The
observed changes emerge first in the centre of deforestation in tropical
regions and propagate edges, indicating the influence of non-local effects.
The biogeochemical effect of deforestation are land carbon losses of
259±80 PgC that emerge already within the first decade. Based on the
transient climate response to cumulative emissions (TCRE) this would yield a
warming by 0.46 ± 0.22 ∘C, suggesting a net warming effect of
deforestation. Lastly, this study introduces the “forest sensitivity” (as a
measure of climate or carbon change per fraction or area of deforestation),
which has the potential to provide lookup tables for deforestation–climate
emulators in the absence of strong non-local climate feedbacks. While there
is general agreement across models in their response to deforestation in
terms of change in global temperatures and land carbon pools, the underlying
changes in energy and carbon fluxes diverge substantially across models and
geographical regions. Future analyses of the global deforestation
experiments could further explore the effect on changes in seasonality of
the climate response as well as large-scale circulation changes to advance
our understanding and quantification of deforestation effects in the ESM
frameworks.
Sources of Fe-binding organic ligands in surface waters of the
western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Ardiningsih Indah , Seyitmuhammedov Kyyas , Sander Sylvia G. , Stirling Claudine H. , Reichart Gert-Jan , Arrigo Kevin R. , Gerringa Loes J. A. , Middag Rob
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Organic ligands are a key factor determining the availability of dissolved iron (DFe) in the high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) areas of the Southern Ocean. In this study, organic speciation of Fe is investigated along a natural gradient of the western Antarctic Peninsula, from an ice covered shelf to the open ocean. An electrochemical approach, competitive ligand exchange – adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-AdCSV) was applied. Our results indicated that organic ligands in surface water on the shelf are associated with ice-algal exudates, possibly combined with melting of sea-ice. Organic ligands in deeper shelf water are supplied via resuspension of slope or shelf sediments. Further offshore, organic ligands are most likely related to the development of phytoplankton blooms in open ocean waters. On the shelf, total ligand concentrations ([Lt]) were between 1.2 nM eq. Fe and 6.4 nM eq. Fe. The organic ligands offshore ranged between 1.0 and 3.0 nM eq. Fe. The southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (SB ACC) separated the organic ligands on the shelf from bloom-associated ligands offshore. Overall, organic ligand concentrations always exceeded DFe concentration (excess ligand concentration, [L'] = 0.8–5.0 nM eq. Fe). The [L'] made up to 80 % of [Lt], suggesting that any additional Fe input can be stabilized in the dissolved form via organic complexation. The denser modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) on the shelf showed the highest complexation capacity of Fe (αFe'L; the product of [L'] and conditional binding strength of ligands, KFe'Lcond). Since Fe is also supplied by shelf sediments and glacial discharge, the high complexation capacity over the shelf can keep Fe dissolved and available for local primary productivity later in the season, upon sea ice melting.
Using an ensemble of artificial neural networks to convert snow
depth to snow water equivalent over Canada
Authors: Ntokas Konstantin Franz Fotios , Odry Jean , Boucher Marie-Amélie , Garnaud Camille
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Canada's water cycle is driven mainly by snowmelt. Snow water equivalent (SWE) is the snow-related variable that is most commonly used in hydrology, as it expresses the total quantity of water (solid and liquid) stored in the snowpack. Measurements of SWE are, however, expensive and not continuously accessible in real time. This motivates a search for alternative ways of estimating SWE from measurements that are more widely available and continuous over time. SWE can be calculated by multiplying snow depth with the bulk density of the snowpack. Regression models proposed in the literature first estimate snow density and then calculate SWE. More recently, a novel approach to this problem has been developed and is based on an ensemble of multilayer perceptrons (MLPs). Although this approach compared favourably with existing regression models, snow density values at the lower and higher ends of the range remained inaccurate. Here, we improve upon this recent method for determining SWE from snow depth. We show the general applicability of the method through the use of a large data set of 234 779 snow depth-density-SWE records from 2878 non-uniformly distributed sites across Canada. These data cover almost four decades of snowfall. First, it is shown that the direct estimation of SWE produces better results than the estimation of snow density followed by the calculation of SWE. Second, optimizing MLP parameters separately for each snow climate class further improves the accuracy of SWE estimates. A comparison with commonly used regression models reveals that the ensemble of MLPs proposed here leads to noticeably more accurate estimates of SWE. This study thus shows that delving deeper into artificial neural network theory helps improve SWE estimation and that using a greater number of MLP parameters could lead to even further improvements.
TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID DISTRIBUTION IN HAU RIVER USING SENTINEL 2A SATELLITE IMAGERY
Authors: Nguyen T. H. D. , Phan K. D. , Nguyen H. T. T. , Tran S. N. , Tran T. G. , Tran B. L. , Doan T. N.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This research was applied high-resolution Sentinel-2A imagery which aims to monitor a suitability of MultiSpectral Imager (MSI) at higher resolution (10 m) for mapping of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) ) in the upper reaches of the Mekong Delta – An Giang province. The field survey is carried out to collect TSS at random distribution sites outside full-dyke protection. A remote sensing algorithm with a regression function method is developed to estimate TSS concentration automatically to select between the most sensitive TSS and water reflectance relationship. The regression analytical algorithm is predicted the output values based on normalized suspended material index (NSMI) (r2 = 0.92), showing the MSI sensor’s great potential to estimate TSS. The results confirm that suspended materials in the surface water reached the minimum of 10.36 mg/l and the maximum of 328.56 mg/l in An Giang province, the suspended materials distributional tendency with high content was mainly in flooded fields near the upstream of the basin of Hau river, especially in areas without the dike enclosure and the content was low in the areas within the dike enclosure. These findings promote further research in water quality studies relying on both operational Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B imageries with great implications to improve the understanding of turbid coastal and inland water environments.
ASSESSMENT OF SENTINEL-5P PERFORMANCE FOR GROUND-LEVEL AIR QUALITY MONITORING: PREPARATORY EXPERIMENTS OVER THE COVID-19 LOCKDOWN PERIOD
Authors: Oxoli D. , Cedeno Jimenez J. R. , Brovelli M. A.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Scientific evidence has demonstrated that deterioration of ambient air quality has increased the number of deaths worldwide by appointing air pollution among the most pressing sustainability concerns. In this context, the continuous monitoring of air quality and the modelling of complex air pollution patterns is critical to protect population and ecosystems health. Availability of air quality observations has terrifically improved in the last decades allowing – nowadays – for extensive spatial and temporal resolved analysis at both global and local scale. Satellite remote sensing is mostly accountable for this data availability and is promising to foster air quality monitoring in support of traditional ground sensors measurements. In view of the above, this study compares observations from the Sentinel-5P mission of the European Copernicus Programme (the most recent Earth Observation platform providing open measurements of atmospheric constituents) with traditional ground measurements to investigate their space and time correlations across the Lombardy region (Northern Italy). The correlation analysis focused on nitrogen dioxide. The use of data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic allowed for a parallel exploration of the lockdown effects on nitrogen dioxide emissions. Results show a marked decrease in nitrogen dioxide concentrations during the lockdown and an overall strong positive correlation between satellite and ground sensors observations. These experiments are preparatory for future activities that will focus on the development of satellite-based air quality local prediction models, aiming at improving the granularity of the ground-based information available for air quality monitoring and exposure modelling.
A METADATA-BASED APPROACH FOR USING CCTV TO FACILITATE EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Authors: Hong J-H. , Shi Y-T.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The installation of closed-circuit television monitors (CCTV) has been rapidly increasing ever since the September 11 attacks and has become one of the most widely used types of sensors for the tasks that require instantaneous and long-term monitoring. With the distinguished characteristics of direct visual inspection of the subject of interests, the availability of CCTVs offers the EOC commanders a quick way to validate and access the reported disaster incidents during emergency response. However, the heterogeneity of CCTV systems and the lack of appropriate descriptions precludes the optimized use of CCTV and causes immense difficulties in effectively coordinating or appraising the use of CCTV systems. By arguing standardized metadata plays the most crucial role in quickly and precisely finding the needed CCTV during emergency response, regardless of its specifications, suppliers, or locations, we propose an integrated operational framework based on the CCTV metadata specifically designed for emergency response in this paper. This framework standardizes the metadata to unify the descriptions for heterogeneous CCTV systems and fulfill the requirements for searching and selecting CCTV. Instead of the 2D point-based location or sector-based CCTV FOV coverage, we also propose to extend the FOV from 2D to 3D to precisely describe the area and even the features that can be monitored by the CCTV. This not only improves the precision and efficiency of selecting CCTV but also increase the commander’s ability to make quick and accurate responses to disasters. The advantages of integrating heterogeneous CCTV systems can tremendously improve the possibility of monitoring and updating the real-time status caused by hazards.
LAND USE/LAND COVER CHANGE PREDICTION USING MULTI-TEMPORAL SATELLITE IMAGERY AND MULTI-LAYER PERCEPTRON MARKOV MODEL
Authors: Nguyen H. T. T. , Pham T. A. , Doan M. T. , Tran P. T. X.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. This paper aims to predict the trend of land use land cover (LULC) changes in Dak Nong province over time. Data from Landsat images captured in 2009, 2015, and 2018 was employed to analyze and predict the spatial distributions of LULC categories. The Random Forest (RF) was adopted to classify the images into ten different LULC classes. Besides, integration of Multi-Layer Perceptron Markov Neural Network (MLP-NN) with Markov Chain (MC) was applied to predict the future LULC changes in the region based on the change detection over the previous years. For all classified images, overall accuracy (OA) ranged from 77.35% to 84.55% with kappa (K) coefficient index ranging from 0.75 to 0.8. The results revealed that the annual population growth together with social-economic development was regarded as major drives for land conversion in the area. The predicted map showed a significant decrease trend inthe forest classes by 2025, accounting for 23 thousand ha. However, residential areas, rubber, and agricultural land classes are predicted to rise to 460 ha, 3,000 ha, and 20,000 ha, respectively. The simulated model and calibrated area data may be a vital contribution to sustainable development efforts of the local based on the dynamics of LULC and future LULC change scenarios. Overall, ascertaining the complex interface related to changes in land use and its major drivers over time provides useful information predict to explore the future trend of LULC changes, establish alternative land-use schemes and serve as guidelines for urban planning policymakers.
Una ética más allá del Bien y del Mal, entre Fichte y Deleuze
Authors: Ferreyra Julián
Published: November 2020

Deleuze considera a Fichte un moralista, que por tanto juzga con un criterio que trasciende el punto de vista del sujeto concreto y corporal. Sin embargo, teniendo en cuenta la doctrina de los impulsos presente en la Sittenlehre de Fichte, es posible considerarlo ético en sentido deleuziano: el valor depende del aumento de potencia emergente de composiciones o armonías. Por otra parte, en Deleuze las leyes de composición y las relaciones constitutivas no son afirmadas dogmáticamente, sino como fruto de un proceso genético rigurosamente determinado entre Ideas e intensidades individuantes.
The Origins of and Possible Futures for Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca's Dissociation of Concepts
Authors: Frank David A.
Published: November 2020

This essay tells the story of Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca's “dissociation of concepts,” which they introduced in 1958 and is in use as a tool of criticism by many rhetorical critics. The story begins in England with John Locke's development of associative reasoning in 1770 and then moves to France, with Remy de Gourmont extending associative reasoning with the concept of dissociation in 1899. Gourmont's dissociation crosses the Atlantic and is then developed by Kenneth Burke in 1931. In turn, Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca absorbed and expanded Locke, Gourmont, and Burke's theories of association and dissociation in 1958. They crafted a tool, the dissociation of concepts, that equips rhetorical reasoning with the capacity to navigate between the promise and perils of fission and fusion. Since 1958, many scholars have made productive use of Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca's innovation. The essay concludes with some possible futures for their dissociation of concepts.
Força autoritativa, influência persuasiva ou qualquer coisa: o que é um precedente para o Supremo Tribunal Federal?
Authors: Leal Fernando
Published: November 2020

O presente trabalho oferece respostas possíveis para a pergunta “o que é um precedente para o Supremo Tribunal Federal?”. Para além dos debates teóricos a respeito das razões que sustentam a vinculação da solução de casos atuais a casos precedentes, o artigo apresenta sete diferentes possibilidades de resposta para a questão posta, todas elas consideradas, em alguma medida, problemáticas para o estabelecimento de uma prática adequada de precedentes na corte.
Consequencialismo no Supremo Tribunal Federal: uma solução pela não surpresa
Authors: Brandão Rodrigo , Farah André
Published: November 2020

O artigo pretende apresentar soluções para a forma com que o Supremo Tribunal Federal pratica o consequencialismo, constituindo-se de uma pesquisa do tipo qualitativa, com objetivos descritivo-explicativos e propositivos, utilizando para tal o procedimento de pesquisa bibliográfico. Partindo de uma exposição sobre o pragmatismo, destacam-se o consequencialismo e o empirismo. Para confrontação e crítica, explica-se o significado de consequenciachismo. Após isso, estudam-se casos julgados pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal com a finalidade de construir-se uma linha argumentativa a favor de um valor fundamental de não surpresa. Para tanto, alicerça-se o texto na segurança jurídica e no contraditório. Assim, entra-se na parte propositiva, na qual a não surpresa visa testar o consequencialismo e impedir o consequenciachismo. Com essa intenção, a explicação das propostas divide-se em processo subjetivo e processo objetivo.