bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“A mão que afaga é a mesma que apedreja” - análise discursiva sobre amor materno, religião e sexualidade.
Authors: Pontes Leila Silvana
Published: October 2021

Resumo: Com base na Análise de Discurso de Linha Francesa, o presente artigo discute a violência contra a população LGBTQI+ relacionando-a ao discurso religioso. Para isso, traz, como corpus de análise, o discurso da Cantora Gospel Eyshila, postado em seu Instagram para se posicionar sobre a sexualidade do filho que, antes evangélico como seus pais, declarou-se homossexual e Drag. A partir da observação sobre o discurso, a análise se utilizou, principalmente, de conceitos discursivos relacionados à ideologia, a formações discursivas e a efeito de sentido, com a finalidade de, a partir de um gesto de leitura, interpretar seu funcionamento. Objetivou-se ainda observar como Eyshila discursiviza a homossexualidade ao se posicionar como mãe e como mulher evangélica/religiosa que é, a fim de observar se, nesses lugares, ela rompe ou perpetua o discurso de sua formação discursiva; e, como consequência disso, objetivou-se também verificar se o seu discurso se mostra significativo no combate ao preconceito e à violência. Pêcheux (2014 e 2015), Orlandi (2015), Mussalim (2001) e Barbosa e Silva (2016) foram referências teóricas para esta análise. O estudo mostrou que um aparente discurso de aceitação à homossexualidade pode ter efeitos de sentido carregados de preconceito e incitar a violência contra a população LGBTQI+. A pesquisa refere-se a um gesto de interpretação, que procura atravessar o efeito de transparência do discurso, e que não se esgota nesta análise. Palavras-chaves: Análise de discurso; discurso materno; preconceito religioso; violência; homossexualidade.
Frutece - breves historias contra el pánico de la filosofía occidental colonial
Authors: Sacchi Duen
Published: October 2021

Las manzanas de Sodoma frutecen y ¡puf! tras su primera y última expiración sus semillas cenicientasemprenden vuelo. Esta descripción me sirve como figuración para revisar algunas de las ficciones somatopolíticas delos archivos coloniales en uso. Especialmente para no perder de vista que un cuerpo es un fruto de escritura.
Buscando o fenômeno: gênero, educação sexual e religião em sala de aula
Authors: Da Silva Eduardo Barrreto , Almeida Rosileia Oliveira
Published: October 2021

Este artigo resultou de uma pesquisa de mestrado cujo objetivo foi compreender o fenômeno do encontro entre Ciência e Religião em meio escolar durante as atividades de ensino de professores nos temas da Educação Sexual e de Gênero. Por meio do registro de suas vivências, chegamos aos textos que puderam ser analisados por meio do método fenomenológico de Análise do Fenômeno Situado. Através desse método fomos à procura dos principais elementos significativos ao fenômeno nos textos, que, uma vez trabalhados e aprimorados (reduções fenomenológicas), possibilitaram o surgimento de uma discussão em torno das generalizações acerca do fênomeno. Em síntese, o trabalho revela o aparecimento, uso e debate da “Religião em sala de aula” por alunos e professores, por meio: da análise sobre o texto religioso; o reconhecimento dos dogmas religiosos dos alunos; a reflexão sobre a utilização do discurso religioso em sala de aula.
Espiritualidade queer
Authors: Musskopf André Sidnei
Published: October 2021

O artigo reflete sobre o que poderia ser uma “espiritualidade queer” para além das abordagens mais comuns sobre as experiências de pessoas LGBIT+ no campo religioso, tanto em termos de vivência de uma religiosidade particular, quanto de como são tratadas pelas religiões. Parte de uma reflexão bíblica teológica sobre “espírito”, apontando para a sua instabilidade, fugacidade e multiplicidade, e articula essa compreensão com os significados e implicações de utilização do “queer” no campo religioso. Utiliza-se de reflexões acadêmicas, de pesquisas e de elementos menos ortodoxos (como narrativas diversas) para estabelecer uma relação entre a espiritualidade e o erótico e refletir sobre a experiência do sagrado no cotidiano. Por fim, ensaia uma linguagem religiosa relacionada com narrativas sexuais a partir de uma prática de pesquisa participante.
Principles and Mechanisms of Cryomilling of Metallic Materials: Insights from Recent Studies
Authors: Gutierrez‐Morales Felipe , Lavernia Enrique J.
Published: December 2024

Cryomilling (CM) is a vital top‐down process used for creating nanomaterials, offering advantages over traditional mechanical alloying by operating in cryogenic environments. The process minimizes cold welding, enhances particle fracture, and reduces oxidation, leading to ultrafine grains in metallic, alloys, and composite powders. CM is applicable across diverse material systems, including face‐centered cubic, body‐centered cubic, hexagonal close‐packed, and high‐entropy alloys. By examining the effects of CM on various materials with different crystal structures, this review highlights the critical role of processing parameters such as ball‐to‐powder ratio, milling speed, and the use of process control agents. The study further explores how CM enhances mechanical properties like strength and hardness, providing pathways for future research aimed at optimizing efficiency, scalability, and reducing contamination during the milling process.
Antiracist activism for immigrant rights and healthy coping: Initial evidence for a community‐based framework
Authors: Cadenas Germán A. , Domenech Rodríguez Melanie M. , Garcini Luz M. , Mendoza Jennifer Garcia , Suro Beatriz , Mercado Alfonso , Rojas Perez Oscar F. , Venta Amanda , Galvan Thania , Moreno Oswaldo , Paris Manuel
Published: December 2024

Racist and xenophobic policies in the United States (e.g., family separations and lack of access to protected immigration statuses for undocumented immigrants) have historically excluded immigrants of color from accessing full civil rights, thus contributing to widening racial inequities in the US. Racism and xenophobia intersected with other systems of oppression during the COVID‐19 pandemic, exposing immigrants of color to detrimental health effects. Research shows that activism helps immigrants of color cope with systemic stressors and protect their psychological well‐being. In this manuscript, we introduce the antiracist activism for immigrant rights (AAIR) framework to clarify how activism in response to systemic stress may promote healthy coping. This framework was developed together by scholars and immigration activists in the US Critical and liberatory theory and research on empowerment and healing also informed AAIR. Using structural equation modeling, we tested the framework in a community sample of 204 immigrants of color. Results support the model, depicting antiracist immigration activism as a latent construct manifested as a combination of engagement in racial justice, immigrant rights, and electoral activism. Further, results support the link between antiracist immigration activism and healthy coping in response to stress from immigration and health. We provide recommendations for behavioral health professionals to promote antiracist immigration activism and healthy coping among immigrant communities.
Insight into Robust Anion Coordination Behavior of Organic Cathode with Dual Elongated π‐Conjugated Motifs
Authors: Liu Xianchun , Shang Jian , Li Jia , Liu Hanlin , Zhang Fan , Pan Qingguang , Tang Yongbing
Published: December 2024

Organic electrode materials offer multi‐electron reactivity, flexible structures, and redox reversibility, but encounter poor conductivity and durability in electrolytes. To overcome above barriers, we propose a dual elongation strategy of π‐conjugated motifs with active sites, involving the extended carbazole and electropolymerized polymer, which enhances electronic conductivity by the electronic delocalization of electron‐withdrawing conjugated groups, boosts theoretical capacity by increasing redox‐active site density, and endows robust electrochemical stability attributed to the nanonetwork feature of polymer structures. As a proof‐of‐concept, 5,11‐dihydridoindolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (DHIC) is selected as the model cathode material for a dual‐ion battery, with elongated carbazole groups functioning both as redox‐active centers and polymerization anchors. Electrochemical comparisons and theoretical simulations validate the excellent specific capacity, accelerated reaction kinetics, and enhanced anion storage stability imparted by the dual elongated π‐conjugated system containing both carbazole motif and electropolymerized DHIC (pDHIC). Simultaneously, the coordination interaction between pDHIC and anions is innovatively evidenced through operando electron paramagnetic resonance spectra. As anticipated, pDHIC cathode delivers an unprecedentedly high specific capacity of 197 mAh/g at 50 mA/g, far outperforming graphite cathodes, and maintains excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 86.1 % over 500 cycles. This synergetic strategy sheds light on the performance revolution of organic electrode materials.
Acid‐Enhanced Photoiniferter Polymerization under Visible Light
Authors: Antonopoulou Maria‐Nefeli , Truong Nghia P. , Egger Timon , Kroeger Asja A. , Coote Michelle L. , Anastasaki Athina
Published: December 2024

Photoiniferter (PI) is a promising polymerization methodology, often used to overcome restrictions posed by thermal reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization. However, in the overwhelming majority of reports, high energy UV irradiation is required to effectively trigger photolysis of RAFT agents and facilitate the polymerization, significantly limiting its potential, scope, and applicability. Although visible light PI has emerged as a highly attractive alternative, most current approaches are limited to the synthesis of lower molecular weight polymers (i.e. 10,000 g/mol), and typically suffer from prolonged reaction times, extended induction periods, and higher dispersities when high activity CTAs (photoiniferters), such as trithiocarbonates, are employed. Herein, an acid‐enhanced PI polymerization is introduced that efficiently operates under visible light irradiation. The presence of small amounts of biocompatible citric acid fully eliminates the lengthy induction period (21 hours) by enhancing photolysis, rapidly consuming the CTA, and accelerating the reaction rate, yielding polymers with narrow molar mass distributions (Ð ~1.1), near‐quantitative conversions (>97 %), and high end‐group fidelity in just two hours. A particularly noteworthy aspect of this work is the possibility to target very high degrees of polymerization (i.e. DP=3,000) within short timescales (i.e. less than five hours) without compromising the control over the dispersity (Ð ~1.1). The versatility of the technique is further demonstrated through the synthesis of well‐defined diblock copolymers and its compatibility to various polymer classes (i.e. acrylamides, acrylates, methacrylates), thus establishing visible‐light PI as a robust tool for polymer synthesis.
Degradable Radical Polymer Cathode for Lithium Battery with Long‐Term Cycling Capability
Authors: Liu Chang , Huang Xin , Yu Xiaomeng , Wang Zhaoqi , Shen Yun , Yuan Shouyi , Wang Yonggang
Published: December 2024

Polymer‐based organic electrodes for rechargeable batteries are attractive due to their design flexibility, sustainability, and environmental compatibility. Unfortunately, waste management of conventional polymer materials typically involves incineration, which emits greenhouse gases. Consequently, degradable polymers should be ideal candidates for future green batteries. However, to date, degradable polymer electrodes have been rarely reported. The few that have been developed exhibit very low capacities (<40 mAh g−1) and poor cycle stability (<100 cycles). Herein, we synthesize a degradable polymer cathode for lithium batteries by copolymerizing 2,3‐dihydrofuran with TEMPO‐containing norbornene derivatives. This polymer cathode demonstrates a two‐electron redox reaction charge storage mechanism, exhibiting a high reversible capacity of 100.4 mAh g−1 and a long cycle life of over 1000 cycles. Furthermore, under a mild acidic environment, this polymer electrode material undergoes complete decomposition via the hydrolysis of enol ethers, confirmed by gel permeation chromatography and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. These encouraging results shed light on the design of degradable polymer electrodes.
Catalyst Improved Stereoselectivity and Regioselectivity Control to Access Completely Alternating Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) with Enhanced Properties
Authors: Guo Xuanhua , Ahmed Hassan , Xu Guangqiang , Wang Qinggang
Published: December 2024

The poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) with completely alternating sequence has attracted growing attention as an ideal candidate in controlled drug delivery. However, the approach to completely alternating PLGA remains a challenge. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of completely alternating PLGA via highly regioselective and stereoselective ring‐opening polymerization. The chiral (BisSalen)Al catalyst promoted a robust polymerization of enantiopure 3‐methyl glycolide (MeG) with highly glycolyl site selectivity, affording alternating PLGA with regioselectivity up to more than 99 %. Impressively, the completely alternating PLGA exhibited a well‐defined melting temperature Tm of 143.1 °C. Moreover, a stereocomplex between PLLGA and PDLGA was also formed with the improved Tm of 211.8 °C. The In vitro degradation and drug release experiments revealed the linear degradation and controlled drug release behavior of completely alternating PLGA, which can be used as an ideal carrier for mild long‐acting drug delivery. Meanwhile, the reason of the high regioselectivity was investigated through the control experiments and DFT calculation. This highly regioselective (BisSalen)Al catalyst opens a door to providing completely alternating polymers.
Semiconductive Coordination Polymer with Multi‐Channel Charge Transfer for High‐Performance Direct X‐ray Detection
Authors: Yu Xiao‐Qing , Sun Li‐Bo , Li Qing‐Yi , Wang Bo‐Lun , Wang Ming‐Sheng , Li Ji‐Yang , Guo Guo‐Cong , Yu Ji‐Hong
Published: December 2024

Coordination polymers (CPs) are promising for direct X‐ray detection and imaging owing to higher designability and outstanding stability, however, it remains a challenge to achieve highly X‐ray detection performance, particularly both high sensitivity and low detection limit at the same operating voltage. Herein, we construct a new conjugated CP {[Co(BPTTz)(DIPA)] ⋅ DMA}n (1, BPTTz=2,5‐bis(pyridine‐4‐yl)thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole, H2DIPA=2,5‐diiodoterephthalic acid, DMA=N, N’‐dimethylacetamide), with multi‐channel charge transfer by regulating the linker mediated electronic‐state, which reduces carrier losses resulting from recombination or quenching, enhances the efficiency of charge separation and transfer, thus further optimizes X‐ray detection performance. The semiconductor prepared based on this strategy achieves record values including the highest mobility‐lifetime product (μτ, 8.05×10−3 cm2 V−1) and the lowest detectable X‐ray dose rate (128 nGyair S−1, 35 V) among CP‐based direct radiation detectors, as well as a high sensitivity (172 μC Gyair−1 cm−2, 35 V) at the same operating voltage. This detector shows excellent long‐time air stability under ambient conditions for over three months and operational stability. These findings demonstrate a rational structural design method to enhance the photoelectronic efficiency and stability of semiconductive CPs.
Constrained Heterogeneous CoFe2O4/ZnO/PMS Fenton‐Like System for Industrial Wastewater Remediation with Recyclability and Zero Metal Loss
Authors: Yang Ming , Liu Wenyuan , Liu Qi , Chen Zhuan , Cao Jiazhen , Luo Jinming , Xing Mingyang
Published: December 2024

Although heterogeneous Fenton‐like processes have attracted widespread attention in wastewater treatment, the mass leached active ions lead to secondary pollution and confuse the demarcation of reaction region. By constructing a constrained completely heterogeneous system and highlighting its reaction region concentrated within the slipping plane of particles, this work achieves efficient organic pollutants degradation without leaching of any free active metal components. Based on the Poisson–Boltzmann equation and electric double layer model, the specific existing of the constrained region is confirmed, and this neglected reaction region between solid interface and slipping plane in traditional heterogeneous Fenton‐like reaction is clarified firstly. Due to the unique constrained property, this system demonstrates exceptional potentials application to natural water and actual industrial wastewater for its broad resistance to environmental interference. Furthermore, the alkalization aging process enables this system achieve catalyst recycle and zero metal ions emission with maintaining outstanding pollutants removing performance even in high‐salt wastewater, exhibiting the superiority of the constrained completely heterogeneous system. This work demonstrated the important reaction region within slipping plane and provided a clearer boundary in heterogeneous Fenton‐like system.
In‐Situ Growth of Metallocluster Inside Heterometal‐Organic Cage to Switch Electron Transfer for Targeted CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Yang Yang , Dong Man , Wu Qi , Qin Chao , Chen Weichao , Geng Yun , Wu Shuangxue , Sun Chunyi , Shao Kuizhan , Su Zhongmin , Wang Xinlong
Published: December 2024

Construction of metal‐organic cages (MOCs) with internal modifications is a promising avenue to build enzyme‐like cavities and unlocking the mystery of highly catalytic activity and selectivity of enzymes. However, current interests are mainly focused on single‐metal‐node cages, little achievement has been expended to metallocluster‐based architectures, and the in situ endogenous generation of metal clusters. Herein, based on the hard‐soft‐acids‐bases (HSAB), the metallocluster‐based heterometallic MOC (Cu3VMOP) constructed of [Cu3OPz3]+ and [V6O6(OCH3)9(SO4)(CO2)3]2− clusters was obtained by one‐pot method. In addition, Cu4I4 was generated in situ in the cage to form Cu4I4@Cu3VMOP by the coordination‐driven hierarchical self‐assembly strategy. As catalysts for CO2 reduction, Cu3VMOP produces HCOOH and CH3COOH as the main reduction product with yield of CH3COOH up to 0.9 mmol g−1, ranking among the highest value of reported materials, whereas Cu4I4@Cu3VMOP exhibited targeted CO2‐to‐HCOOH conversion with 100 % formic acid selectivity and the yield outperforms that of Cu3VMOP by 5 fold. Theoretical calculations and femtosecond time‐resolved transient absorption reveal that endogenous Cu4I4 not only regulates orbital arrangements and enhances localized electron states to generate a long‐lived charge‐separated state, but also raises *CO coupling energy barrier, resulting in the targeted conversion of CO2 to formic acid.
Using the S‐DIKW framework to transform data visualization into data storytelling
Authors: Lo Duca Angelica , McDowell Kate
Published: December 2024

Communicating insights from data effectively requires design skills, technical knowledge, and experience. Data must be accurately represented with aesthetically pleasing visuals and engaging text to effectively communicate to the intended audience. Data storytelling has received much attention lately, but as of yet, it does not have a theoretical and practical foundation in information science. A data story adds context, narrative, and structure to the visual representation of data, providing audiences with character, plot, and a holistic experience of narrative. This paper proposes a methodological approach to transform a data visualization into a data story based on the Data‐Information‐Knowledge‐Wisdom (DIKW) pyramid and the S‐DIKW Framework. Starting from the bottom of the pyramid, the proposed approach defines a strategy to represent insights extracted from data. Data is then turned into information by identifying character(s) facing a problem, adding textual and graphic content; information is turned into knowledge by organizing what happens as a plot. Finally, a call to wise action—always informed by cultural and community values—completes the storytelling transformation to create a data story. This article contributes to the theoretical understanding of data stories as emerging information forms, supporting richer understandings of a story as information in the information sciences.
Template‐Free N‐Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon from Azobenzene‐Interconnected Polyimide for Ultra‐Stable Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Zhou He , Gu Yunjiao , Liu Fenghua , Wu Weiping
Published: December 2024

Facile preparation of N‐doped hierarchical porous carbon (NHPC) materials with controllable composition and porosity is crucial for advancing the development of high‐performance supercapacitors. In this study, a new NHPC has been created by first using the one‐pot synthesis of in‐situ dual‐crosslinking azobenzene‐interconnected polyimide precursors from ingeniously designed three monomers, followed by carbonization activation. We have found that during the polymer precursor synthesis stage, the incorporation of azobenzene into the polyimide network is the key, as it not only functions as an in‐situ N‐rich source but also enables the template‐free formation of a multi‐scale micro/nanoporous carbon structure, which is critical for enhancing electrical performance and stability. The resulting N‐doped carbon material with a specific surface area of 900.1 m2 g−1 exhibits a maximum capacitance of 179.2 F g−1 in a three‐electrode configuration. The assembled symmetric supercapacitor using NHPC as the electrode delivers a good energy density (18.0 Wh kg−1) and power density (799.51 W kg−1) at a current density of 1 A g−1. Most notably, the NHPC electrode retains an efficiency of 113.5 % without decrease, demonstrating impressive cycling stability, even after 5000 charge‐discharge cycles at 10 A g−1. This study offers a new and universal molecular design methodology for advancing supercapacitor materials with outstanding cycling stabilities.
Encapsulation of Gmelina arborea Roxb. and Spondias pinnata (L. F.) Kurz. Aqueous Extracts in Nanoliposomes: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Screening of Antidiabetic Activity
Authors: Wadasinghe Ransika Ransarani , Kalansuriya Pabasara , Attanayake Anoja Priyadarshani
Published: December 2024

The present study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and determine the antidiabetic activity of Gmelina arborea and Spondias pinnata aqueous extract‐encapsulated nanoliposomes (GAE‐NL and SAE‐NL). GAE‐NL and SAE‐NL were synthesized using modified emulsification and ultrasonication. The average size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of GAE‐NL and SAE‐NL were 307 ± 2 nm, 0.429 ± 0.006, −19.95 ± 2.47 mV, and 389 ± 1 nm, 0.366 ± 0.011, and −27.27 ± 0.75 mV, respectively. The synthesized GAE‐NL and SAE‐NL had encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 84.33% ± 0.37% and 95.42% ± 0.56%, and loading capacity (LC) of 2.49% ± 0.08% and 23.83% ± 0.44%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data indicated successful encapsulation of G. arborea and S. pinnata extracts into liposome matrix. The GAE‐NL showed increased/comparable α‐glucosidase and dipeptide peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) inhibitory activities and glucose uptake potency. The SAE‐NL demonstrated superior α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity compared to acarbose, a standard antidiabetic drug. In conclusion, GAE‐NL and SAE‐NL could be used to develop drug leads against diabetes mellitus.
Unveiling the Critical Role of High‐/Low‐Index Facets in Nanostructured Energy Materials for Enhancing the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Alam Suhaib , Yamashita Hiromi , Verma Priyanka
Published: December 2024

The surface properties of nanostructured materials, especially the role of facets, have emerged as a central focus in improving photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance. High‐/low‐index facets in semiconductor nanostructures feature unique atomic structures, chemical reactivity, and electronic characteristics, critically influencing light absorption, charge separation, and catalytic activity, significantly enhancing the PEC efficiency. High‐index facets, distinguished by distinct atomic structures, generally demonstrate enhanced catalytic activity owing to their higher surface energy and increased density of reactive sites. However, they tend to be less stable compared to low‐index facets. In contrast, low‐index facets offer better thermodynamic stability but may have reduced catalytic activity. Achieving the balance between these properties is critical for designing materials that maximize performance and durability in PEC water‐splitting applications. Recent developments in synthetic techniques, including hydrothermal/solvothermal procedures and epitaxial growth, have facilitated precise control over the exposure of specific facets, allowing for the customization of nanostructured materials to optimize efficiency. This review paper comprehensively analyzes the faceted materials and their diverse methodologies for synthesis (ex situ and in situ), modification, and transformation of geometrical arrangements into facets of various semiconductor materials. A deeper understanding of crystal‐facet engineering in crystals with tailored configurations has revealed substantial potential for the systematic design and synthesis of advanced micro‐/nanostructures.
Efficient separation of poplar lignin by a new carboxylic acid based eutectic solvent—choline chloride/malonic acid
Authors: Long Xing , Yao Mingzhu , Wang Shaoyan , Ren Chuangqi , Zhao Xiao , Qin Chengrong , Liang Chen , Huang Caoxing , Yao Shuangquan
Published: December 2024

Separation of lignin by pretreatment is an important step in biomass refining. This study investigated how a novel dicarboxylic acid‐based deep eutectic solvent (DES) ‐ choline chloride (ChCl)/malonic acid (MA) ‐ affected the process of separating lignin from poplar. At 140°C for 3.0 h, with a ChCl:MA molar ratio of 1:3.5, the ideal pretreatment conditions are met, and 91.8% lignin was obtained. Even after five DES reuses, the consistent and effective separation efficiency of 77.9% remains unchanged. The hydrolysate contained 92.4% of the recovered lignin, with a purity of 94.6%. Moreover, the regenerated lignin obtained through the new DES pretreatment exhibited a high phenolic hydroxyl content of 1.9 mmol∙g−1 and a low polydispersity index of 1.4. The results showed efficient and selective separation of lignin using the new binary carboxylic acid‐based DES pretreatment was achieved. This research offers a novel approach to effectively separate wood fiber biomass and extract valuable lignin.
Butyl Acrylate/2‐Methylene‐1,3‐Dioxepane/Vinyl Acetate Emulsion Terpolymerization: Incorporating Backbone Degradable Linkages into Adhesive Applications
Authors: Meek Kelly , Movafagh Maryam , Dubé Marc A.
Published: December 2024

The ring‐opening polymerization of bio‐based monomer 2‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxepane (MDO) can reportedly enhance polymer degradability. Butyl acrylate (BA)/MDO/vinyl acetate (VAc) terpolymers were synthesized via emulsion polymerization for their eventual application as pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs). While using MDO in emulsion polymerization leads to a more sustainable process, it also presents challenges such as MDO hydrolysis, MDO ring retention, and inadequate MDO distribution. By carefully selecting reaction conditions such as pH and temperature, MDO hydrolysis and MDO ring retention were mitigated, and a uniform distribution of MDO throughout the terpolymer was confirmed. In addition, carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (cCNCs) were incorporated into the final formulation to enhance the PSA properties.
Multiple Sclerosis: Glial Cell Diversity in Time and Space
Authors: Kooistra Susanne M. , Schirmer Lucas
Published: December 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent human inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with demyelination and glial scar formation as pathological hallmarks. Glial cells are key drivers of lesion progression in MS with roles in both tissue damage and repair depending on the surrounding microenvironment and the functional state of the individual glial subtype. In this review, we describe recent developments in the context of glial cell diversity in MS summarizing key findings with respect to pathological and maladaptive functions related to disease‐associated glial subtypes. A particular focus is on the spatial and temporal dynamics of glial cells including subtypes of microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. We contextualize recent high‐dimensional findings suggesting that glial cells dynamically change with respect to epigenomic, transcriptomic, and metabolic features across the inflamed rim and during the progression of MS lesions. In summary, detailed knowledge of spatially restricted glial subtype functions is critical for a better understanding of MS pathology and its pathogenesis as well as the development of novel MS therapies targeting specific glial cell types.
The Spatial Distribution of Brain Metastasis Is Determined by the Heterogeneity of the Brain Microenvironment
Authors: Bao Hongbo , Ren Peng , Liang Xia , Lai Jiacheng , Bai Yan , Liu Yunpeng , Lv Zhonghua , Hu Jie , Yan Zeya , Wang Zihan , Pu Tingting , Wang Ruiyang , Hou Zhuo , Liang Peng , Wang Yinyan
Published: December 2024

It is now understood that brain metastases do not occur randomly but have distinct spatial patterns depending on the origin of the cancer. According to the “seed and soil” hypothesis, the final colonization of metastatic cells is the result of their adaptation to the altered environment. To investigate the most favorable microenvironment for brain metastasis, we analyzed neuroimaging data from 177 patients with breast cancer brain metastasis and 548 patients with lung cancer brain metastasis to create a replicable probabilistic map of metastatic locations. Additionally, we used population‐based data from open repositories to generate brain atlases of diverse microenvironment features, including gene expression, functional connectivity, glucose metabolism, and neurotransmitter transporters/receptors. We then compared the spatial correlation between brain metastasis frequency and these features, after which we constructed a general linear model to identify the most significant variables that contributed to tumor location predilection. Our findings revealed that brain metastases from breast cancer and lung cancer had distinct radiographic characteristics and distribution patterns. Breast cancer tended to metastasize in brain regions with decreased expression of genes associated with immunity and metabolism and reduced levels of connectomic hubness and glucose metabolism. In contrast, lung cancer had a higher probability of metastasizing in regions with active metabolism. Moreover, neurotransmitter systems play various roles in determining tumor location. These results provide new insights into the adaptation of metastatic cells to the brain microenvironment and illustrate how factors on diverse biological scales can affect the colonization of brain metastases.
Understanding Cognitive Aging Through White Matter: A Fixel‐Based Analysis
Authors: Tinney Emma M. , Warren Aaron E. L. , Ai Meishan , Morris Timothy P. , O'Brien Amanda , Odom Hannah , Sutton Bradley P. , Jain Shivangi , Kang Chaeryon , Huang Haiqing , Wan Lu , Oberlin Lauren , Burns Jeffrey M. , Vidoni Eric D. , McAuley Edward , Kramer Arthur F. , Erickson Kirk I. , Hillman Charles H.
Published: December 2024

Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) has been frequently used to examine age‐related deterioration of white matter microstructure and its relationship to cognitive decline. However, typical tensor‐based analytical approaches are often difficult to interpret due to the challenge of decomposing and (mis)interpreting the impact of crossing fibers within a voxel. We hypothesized that a novel analytical approach capable of resolving fiber‐specific changes within each voxel (i.e., fixel‐based analysis [FBA])—would show greater sensitivity relative to the traditional tensor‐based approach for assessing relationships between white matter microstructure, age, and cognitive performance. To test our hypothesis, we studied 636 cognitively normal adults aged 65–80 years (mean age = 69.8 years; 71% female) using diffusion‐weighted MRI. We analyzed fixels (i.e., fiber‐bundle elements) to test our hypotheses. A fixel provides insight into the structural integrity of individual fiber populations in each voxel in the presence of multiple crossing fiber pathways, allowing for potentially increased specificity over other diffusion measures. Linear regression was used to investigate associations between each of three fixel metrics (fiber density, cross‐section, and density × cross‐section) with age and cognitive performance. We then compared and contrasted the FBA results to a traditional tensor‐based approach examining voxel‐wise fractional anisotropy. In a whole‐brain analysis, significant associations were found between fixel‐based metrics and age after adjustments for sex, education, total brain volume, site, and race. We found that increasing age was associated with decreased fiber density and cross‐section, namely in the fornix, striatal, and thalamic pathways. Further analysis revealed that lower fiber density and cross‐section were associated with poorer performance in measuring processing speed and attentional control. In contrast, the tensor‐based analysis failed to detect any white matter tracts significantly associated with age or cognition. Taken together, these results suggest that FBAs of DWI data may be more sensitive for detecting age‐related white matter changes in an older adult population and can uncover potentially clinically important associations with cognitive performance.
Drought Dynamics: Enhanced Characterization Through Hyper‐Temporal Satellite Observations
Authors: Kundu Arnab , Dutta Dipanwita , Patel N. R. , Denis Derrick Mario
Published: December 2024

Drought is a multifaceted hazard, influenced directly or indirectly by factors such as precipitation, evapo‐transpiration, soil moisture content and groundwater levels. Drought dynamics is fundamentally linked to hydrological processes, as droughts directly impact water availability, soil moisture and overall hydrological balance. Given the global climate change and consequent increasing frequency of extreme events, assessing the vulnerability to drought stress in underprivileged areas has become highly relevant. In this context, drought characterization has become crucial for understanding the complex patterns of droughts and its impacts on agriculture, ecosystems and communities, thereby contributing to food security, environmental sustainability and disaster preparedness. The major goal of this study was to evaluate the onset, duration, frequency and extent of agricultural drought using satellite‐based datasets. The hyper‐temporal Système Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) VEGETATION (VGT) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data were used in this study to quantify the drought related stress on vegetation cover. The spatial extent of drought and its pattern were estimated using the long‐term Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) derived from hyper‐temporal SPOT‐VGT NDVI datasets. Notably, strong agreement was found between the estimations of onset and duration, particularly during severe drought years such as 2002 and 2008. The study reveals that more over 95% of the total area encountered severe crop stress before the second week of July in 1999, 2002 and 2008, which are identified as severe drought years in the region. The frequency maps effectively captured the occurrence of drought events over a sixteen‐year span, highlighting distinct drought episodes in the study area and underscoring the significant prevalence of drought stress across a considerable area. The high r2 (0.61) value indicates a significant level of shared variability between VCI and yield of major crops, demonstrating their consistent alignment in capturing vegetation health and crop yield anomalies. The comprehensive delineation of drought patterns in the Bundelkhand region revealed by this study is potential for future preparedness efforts, enabling strategic planning and facilitating the implementation of sustainable policy interventions.
Investigating the Potential of Magnesium Microparticles on Cartilage and Bone Regeneration Utilizing an In Vitro Osteoarthritis Model
Authors: Chathoth Bavya Mavila , Helmholz Heike , Angrisani Nina , Wiese Björn , Reifenrath Janin , Willumeit‐Römer Regine
Published: December 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a significant condition that profoundly impacts synovial joints, including cartilage and subchondral bone plate. Biomaterials that can impede OA progression are a promising alternative or supplement to anti‐inflammatory and surgical interventions. Magnesium (Mg) alloys known for bone regeneration potential were assessed in the form of Mg microparticles regarding their impact on tissue regeneration and prevention of OA progression. In vitro assays based on mesenchymal stem cells (SCP‐1) were applied to evaluate the Mg microparticle's compatibility and function. Biocompatibility documented through live‐dead staining and lactate dehydrogenase assay revealed a 90% cell viability at a concentration below 10 mM after 3 days of exposure. An in vitro OA model based on the supplementation of the cytokines IL‐1β, and TNF‐α was established and disclosed the effect of Mg degradation products in differentiating SCP‐1 cells. Sustained differentiation was confirmed through extracellular matrix staining and increased gene marker expression. The Mg supplementation reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6 and IL‐8) while promoting the expression of proteins such as collagen X, collagen I, and osteopontin in a time‐dependent manner. The in vitro study suggests that Mg microparticles hold a therapeutic potential for OA treatment with their ability to support bone and cartilage repair mechanisms even under inflammatory conditions.
Investigation of Long Noncoding RNA‐NRAV and Long Noncoding RNA‐Lethe Expression in Crimean−Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Authors: Baysal Ayşenur Çömez , Kıymaz Yasemin Çakır , Şahin Nil Özbilum , Bakır Mehmet
Published: December 2024

Crimean−Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the CCHF virus, a member of the Bunyavirales order and the Orthonairoviridae family. The exact pathogenesis is not fully understood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNAs that are shown to play a role in various pathological processes of viral diseases. NRAV and Lethe are two well‐known lncRNAs. Although previous studies have shown that NRAV and Lethe play important roles in the pathogenesis of viral infections, their role in CCHF is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of NRAV and Lethe in patients with CCHFV. Eighty patients diagnosed with CCHF were included, and RNA was extracted from their blood samples. The expression of NRAV and Lethe was measured using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Patients were divided into three groups based on severity score, which was mild, moderate, and severe, and into two groups (survivors and non‐survivors). The expression levels of NRAV and Lethe were compared between these groups. Of the patients, 49 (61.25%) were male, 31 (38.75%) were female, and the mean age was 38.62 ± 19.28 years. No differences in age or gender were found between the groups. It was shown that NRAV expression was 21.86 times higher in the severe patient group compared to the moderate group and 22.74 times higher than in the mild group, statistically significant. When comparing fatal cases with survivors, NRAV expression levels were found to be 9.2 times higher in fatal cases. Lethe levels were 3 times lower in moderately severe cases compared to mild cases, but this difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, our study suggests that NRAV may be a lncRNA involved in the pathogenesis of CCHFV.
Characterization of Tip Fold‐Over Using Fluoroscopy and Intracochlear Pressure in Cadaver Specimens
Authors: Chabuz Carolyn A. , Banakis Hartl Renee M. , Rodriguez Kenny , Gonzalez Joseph , Cass Stephen P. , Greene Nathaniel T.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Cochlear implant array malpositioning is associated with impaired speech perception, vertigo, and facial nerve stimulation. Tip fold‐over is a subset of malpositioning that occurs more often with perimodiolar electrodes, but historically it has not been characterized due to lack of knowledge regarding electrode movements of the electrode within the cochlea. The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanics of tip fold‐over events and their associated insertion pressure profiles.

Methods

Cadaveric human heads were surgically prepared with a mastoidectomy and facial recess. Fiberoptic pressure sensors were inserted into the scala vestibuli and tympani to measure intracochlear pressures. Perimodiolar CI electrodes (Cochlear Slim‐Modiolar, CI532) were inserted via round window under fluoroscopy.

Results

Three types of tip fold‐over events were observed: anterior‐posterior C‐shaped, medial‐lateral C‐shaped, and S‐shaped roll‐overs. The largest transient pressures occurred with anterior‐posterior and S‐type roll‐over, and were associated with rotation or twisting inside the cochlea.

Conclusions

Results demonstrate at least three subtypes of tip fold‐overs. Elevated pressure transients were noted before and during the tip fold‐over event related to electrode twisting. The characterization of tip fold‐over into subtypes is novel and may aid identification of tip fold‐over events intraoperatively in the future. It remains important to identify tip fold‐over events, and they should be recognized early using a multimodal verification system. Further investigation is still required to determine the significance of these changes and other possible patterns of intracochlear electrode movement.

Level of Evidence

N/A: Cadaver study Laryngoscope, 2024
Unconventional Photo‐Control of Structural Features Using Elliptically Polarized Light
Authors: Pagidi Srinivas , Vishwanath Sujaya Kumar , Luo Dan , Dhara Surajit , Manda Ramesh
Published: December 2024

The holographic interference of either same‐handed or orthogonal polarized beams is commonly employed in the fabrication of optical elements as it enables the development of an ideal sinusoidal surface modulation by inducing the mass migration of photochromic polymer. However, this approach encounters challenges in producing multiplexed optical elements with a complex surface topography, primarily due to only sinusoidal surface topography which limits control over the feature's shape and size. Here, a versatile approach is demonstrated for fabricating spatially multiplexed optical elements using ellipticity‐controlled orthogonally elliptically polarized (OEP) beams that offer distorted square‐like and rhombus‐like pillars on the azopolymer layer by asymmetric azopolymer migration driven by spatially varying ellipticity and azimuth angle of interference beam. These multiplexed distorted shapes enable selective energy transfer during light diffraction and also induce a phase‐shift to polarization states. Ellipticity control of both writing and interference beams provides an additional degree of freedom for structuring the surface topography of optical elements. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis of the multiplexed OEP surface relief is performed to achieve distinct diffraction properties, thereby rendering its suitability for fabricating complex optical elements.
Gaps in the Assessment and Care of Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Conditions Associated With Dystrophinopathy
Authors: Baldi Olivia , Kinnett Kathi , Schrader Rachel , Denger Brian , Truba Natalie , Sorensen Seth , Veerapandiyan Aravindhan , Colvin Mary K.
Published: December 2024

Introduction/Aims

While dystrophinopathies are primarily characterized by progressive muscle weakness with onset during childhood, dystrophin also plays a role in brain development. This study aimed to characterize how neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders are currently identified and managed in clinical care of those with Becker and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (BDMD).

Methods

Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy (PPMD) disseminated surveys to caregivers and health care providers (HCPs) in the United States to assess the frequency and management of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders of those with dystrophinopathy.

Results

320 caregivers (C) and 74 HCPs responded to surveys. Caregivers indicated higher rates of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders than HCPs, including anxiety (50.5% C, n = 112; 17.8% HCP, n = 19), attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (32.0% C, n = 73; 15.9% HCP, n = 17), obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) (25.9% C, n = 57; 11.2% HCP, n = 12), depression (21.6% C, n = 48; 18.7% HCP, n = 20), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (21.0% C, n = 47; 10.3% HCP, n = 11). Results also indicated gaps in the assessment and care of these conditions, including lack of routine screening, reduced access to psychologists and psychiatrists, and lack of clarity amongst HCPs about who should manage neurodevelopmental and psychiatric concerns in those with dystrophinopathy.

Discussion

Closing the identified gaps in assessment, perception, and care will require increased awareness of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions in dystrophinopathy and screening tools to facilitate early identification of these conditions during routine clinical care.
Enhancing mechanical properties of recycled sheet molding compound composites through catalytic and ozone activation
Authors: Rizzo Giuliana , Dattilo Sandro , Saitta Lorena , Tosto Claudio , Pergolizzi Eugenio , Latteri Alberta , Cicala Gianluca
Published: December 2024

Currently, mechanical recycling offers a feasible approach to reduce scraps or end‐of‐life product (EoL) of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites, such as sheet molding compound (SMC), without gravely impact on energy and costs. However, the resulting material is characterized by a discontinuous bulk, limiting its application to low‐value products. In this study, a comprehensive characterization of composites made by fresh unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and recycled SMC with a content from 10% up to 40% by weight (wt), was carried out. To enhance the chemical interactions between the inert recycled SMC and the fresh UPR, and as consequence their mechanical properties, two different transesterification catalysts, aluminum (III) sec‐butoxide and titanium (IV) butoxide at 1.0 wt%, were utilized. To further investigate the interaction between SMC and fresh UPR, an ozone treatment was carried out on SMC before blending and all the composites compared with no‐treated reference systems. Among the formulated composites, the one made by 40 wt% of SMC and titanium (IV) butoxide results to be the most performant system with a Tg around 137°C, a modulus of 3.7 GPa and strain at break around 1.42%. These results could innovate the manufacturing of recycled composites with superior mechanical properties, potentially used for applications such as cabinet, panels, or external cladding.

Highlights

Mechanical recycling of sheet molding compound “SMC”.

Ozone treatment of SMC filler before blending with fresh UPR.

Activation of filler with Al and Ti Alkoxide; –Enhanced mechanical properties for UPR + SMC40% + Ti sample; –Enhanced elongation at break for UPR + SMC20% + O3.