bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Diclofenac Sodium on Callus Formation in White Male Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Cruris Fracture Healing
Authors: Wibowo Herry , Widiyanti Prihartini
Published: June 2022

Highlights:

Sodium diclofenac is one of NSAID a common treatment to relieve pain associated with bone fractures.
Sodium diclofenac with a some dose of body weight could decrease the callus quality on fracture healing.

 
Abstract:
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as diclofenac sodium, are standard treatments to relieve pain associated with bone fractures. The bone healing process consists of four stages: inflammation, soft callus formation, complex callus formation, and bone remodeling. Previous studies mentioned that intake of NSAIDs (sodium diclofenac) could inhibit the bone healing process. This study examined the effect of diclofenac sodium intake on callus formation in fracture healing. In this study, thirty-six rats (Rattus Norvegicus) with fractures were used and divided into two groups, namely 18 rats for the control and 18 rats for the treatment group. In the treatment group, each rat was given 1.8 mg sodium diclofenac/150 grams of body weight per day. In the control group, each rat was given CMC-Na 0.5% with equal volume as diclofenac sodium in the treatment group. After 28 days, all the rats were stunned until dead, and the diameter and strength of their calluses were measured. In the treatment group with diclofenac sodium1.8 mg/ 150 grams BW/ 28 days after the tibia bone callus was pressed using the Shimadzu tool, the lowest callus strength was found to be 56.500 N, and the highest callus strength was 59.000 N. The lowest callus diameter in the treatment group was 4 mm, the highest was 5 mm. In the control group, the lowest callus strength was 76 N, and the highest callus strength was 77 N. The lowest callus diameter in the control group was 6 mm, and the highest was 8 mm. The strongest callus in the treatment group was found in the sixth observation, with a value of 59 N and a diameter of 4 mm. In the control group, the highest callus strength was 77 N, with a diameter of 7-8 mm. These measurements were found on the 5th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 16th, and 17th observations. Diclofenac sodium with a dose of 1.8 mg/150 grams of body weight could decrease the callus quality parameters, such as callus strength and diameter on fracture healing.
Respirable Dust Levels, Years of Service, and Pulmonary Physiological Disorders in Marble Home Industry Workers
Authors: Alia Siti Arum , Widajati Noeroel , Martiana Tri , Sari Firda Qurba , Tualeka Abdul Rohim
Published: June 2022

Highlights:

The strength of the relationship between respiratory dust levels and pulmonary function disorders could not be obtained.
The weakness level of correlation between years of service and pulmonary function disorders.

 
Abstract:
Environmental dust in the workplace exposes the workers as they are breathing. The dust is inhaled into the respiratory tract and causes occupational diseases in the form of pulmonary function disorders. Workers in the marble industry are also prone to dust exposure. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between years of service, respiratory dust levels, and pulmonary function disorders in marble home industry workers in Tulungagung Regency, Indonesia. This study was a descriptive observational study with data from a cross-sectional technique. The population was 18 workers taken as respondents. The independent variables in this study were years of service and the level of respirable dust, while the dependent variable was the pulmonary function disorders experienced by the workers. The data were analyzed using the Correlation Contingency test. There was a close correlation between years of service and pulmonary function disorders by 0.196, indicating that the relationship between those variables was weak. The strength of the relationship between respiratory dust levels and pulmonary function disorders could not be obtained because the constant results met the threshold value. The correlation between years of service and pulmonary function disorders was weak, and the relationship between respiratory dust level and pulmonary function disorders could not be obtained.
Perception of Women's Exposure to Birth in the Forest – A Cross-Sectional Study on Yei Tribe, Merauke Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Indah Fenita Purnama Sari , Andriati Riris , Rohmawati Ika , Kartikasari Rina , Rachmaniah Dini , Andiyan Andiyan
Published: June 2022

Highlights:

The maternal mortality for women's exposed birth in the foreston Tribe Kampung Poo, Merauke Regency is higher.
Mother's knowledge perceptions of women’s exposure to birth in the forest were dominant then community leader’s roles, husband or family roles and respondent characteristics.

Abstract:
In one of the districts in Papua, namely the Merauke Regency, the maternal mortality number in 2016 reached 17 cases, 13 cases in 2017, 6 cases in 2018, 9 cases in 2019, and 7 cases in 2020. Data in 2020 showed that 4,163 of the 5,377 deliveries by health workers assistance in Merauke Regency had not been fully achieved. There were 4,098 deliveries carried out in health care facilities. This study analyzed determinant factors on perceptions of the exile women giving birth in the forest from women of Yei Tribe, Poo Village, Merauke Regency, Indonesia. This study used analytic design methods with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling was non-probability with a total sample method of 57 mothers with toddlers. Univariate analysis was used to describe the characteristics of each research variable, including respondent characteristics, mother's knowledge, the role of community leaders, and the role of husband or family, while the dependent variable was the perception of women giving birth in the forest. This study found that there was a correlation between education (p-value 0.000; OR=13.33), knowledge (p-value 0.000; OR=133.00), the community leaders’ role (p-value 0.009; OR=5.00), and husband’s role (p-value 0.000; OR=28.00) with perceptions of the exile women giving birth in the forest at women of Yei Tribe, Poo Village, Merauke Regency, Indonesia. Therefore, knowledge is dominant in the perceptions of exiled women giving birth in the forest.
The Combination of NLCR and Enhances the Sepsis-3 Strategy
Authors: Pranggono Emmy Hermiyanti , Aini Endah Nurul , Sumardi Uun , Hartranti Yovita , Sugianli Adhi Kristianto
Published: June 2022

Highlights:

The combination of NLCR and PLR will improve the ability to distinguish infection rather than noninfection in the emergency setting for early antibiotic prescribing as well as the sepsis-3 strategy.
The diagnostic value of PLR in adult bacterial sepsis patients has never been studied.

 
Abstract:
According to Sepsis-3, antibiotics should be administered in the first hour of diagnosis of sepsis. Still, there is difficulty in differentiating between bacterial and nonbacterial infections and a lack of a rapid diagnostic tool to distinguish them. This study evaluated the diagnostic value of NLCR and PLR in suspected bacterial sepsis. The diagnostic value of PLR in adult bacterial sepsis patients has never been studied. This study was a retrospective study from the medical record of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. All patients at age ≥ 18 years diagnosed with sepsis based on ICD-10 code and qSOFA ≥ 2 were included. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV, positive LR, and AUC of NLCR and PLR. There were 177 patients included in this study. The sensitivity of NLCR was 69.5%, specificity was 34.7%, NPV was 56.9%, PPV was 47.9%, and LR+ was 1.06, while the sensitivity of PLR was 62.2%, specificity was 38.9%, NPV was 54.4%, PPV was 46.8%, and LR+ was 1.02. We obtained cut-off values for NLCR 11.06, AUC 0.500, PLR 222.41, and AUC 0.497. The low value of AUC NLCR and PLR was due to prior antibiotic use. The combination of NLCR and PLR had higher positive LR (1.16) and specificity (54.7%), and also, according to NLCR, we had the highest sensitivity (69.5%). The combination of NLCR and PLR enhances the sepsis-3 strategy because it can be used as screening tools for bacterial sepsis, and antibiotics can also be administered in the first hour of managing sepsis, particularly in the emergency ward.
Factors Associated with Timeliness of Hepatitis B Birth Dose: A Cross-sectional Study in North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Olayinka Rasheed , Ibraheem Rasheedat Mobolaji , Aliu Rasaki , Lawal Ibrahim Magaji
Published: June 2022

Highlights:

Uptake of hepatitis B birth dose vaccine within 24 hours of birth is low in Katsina, north-western Nigeria.
The most common reason for delay presentation for hepatitis B birth dose vaccine is maternal illness.

 
Abstract:
No studies focused on the hepatitis B birth dose (HepB-BD) vaccine since Nigeria adopted the strategy to reduce hepatitis B viral infection. Hence, we determined the uptake of HepB-BD, factors associated with timeliness, and those that contributed to delay. This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out at an immunization post in north-western Nigeria. We recruited 400 mother-infant pairs that presented for the first immunization and obtained relevant information, including socio-demographics and reasons for the delays. Of the 400 infants, 44 (11.0%) received HepB-BD within 24 hours (timeliness), 105 (26.3%) and 274 (68.5%) by day 7 and 14, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that mothers' education (primary adjusted odds (AOR) 17, 95% CI 1.404, 204.611), secondary AOR 5.9, 95% CI 1.148, 29.895), and tertiary AOR 7.7, 95% CI 1.228, 48.545), and third born AOR 8.2, 1.625, 41.018) were associated with HepB-BD timeliness. Maternal-related factors were the commonest (129; 46.6%) for delayed HepB-BD, with maternal illness the most commonly cited reason (37; 28.7%). This study showed a deficient level of uptake of HepB-BD vaccines among infants. Factors that were associated with timeliness included maternal education and higher birth order. The commonest reason for delayed HepB-BD was maternal illness.
8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine Urine and Total Nitric Oxide Serum in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ahadini Putri Aliya , Thaha Mochammad , Mustika Arifa
Published: June 2022

Highlights:

Oxidative markers 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine and Nitric Oxide was found high in hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis chronic kidney disease patients.
There is no correlation between 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine and Nitric Oxide in hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis chronic kidney disease patients.

 
Abstract:
Oxidative stress is essential to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several markers include 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Nitric Oxide (NO). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) increased in CKD and had a role in renal impairment progressivity. There are some controversies regarding oxidative markers in CKD patients in several studies. This study aimed to understand oxidative markers 8-OHdG and NO and explained the correlation of both markers in hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis CKD patients. Twenty hemodialysis patients and forty-nine non-hemodialysis patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Urine patients were collected to measure 8-OHdG using the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) method, and NO was measured from serum patients using the Griss Saltzman method. Based on Bivariate Pearson analysis, there was no significant correlation between 8-OHdG urine and total NO serum in the hemodialysis group (p= 0,510, p>0.05) and in the non-hemodialysis group (p= 0.801, p>0,05). In this study, DNA oxidative marker, 8-OHdG, was not correlated with NO in CKD patients.
Elevated Serum Transaminase (SGOT/SGPT) and Sepsis in Burn Patients in a Tertiary Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Saputro Iswinarno Doso , Zarasade Lobredia , Kurniawan Rifqi
Published: June 2022

Highlights:

There is no correlation between the increase of SGOT and sepsis.
Correlation between the increase of SGPT and sepsis was significant founded.

 
Abstract:
Burns trigger hypermetabolic stress reactions that cause inflammatory responses. When there is a sustained or increased hypermetabolic reaction, the inflammatory response can be life-threatening, such as sepsis, and significantly impact hepatic metabolic function. After burns, varying degrees of liver injury are usually associated with burn severity. This study determined the correlation between elevated serum transaminases (SGOT/ SGPT) and sepsis in burn patients at a tertiary hospital of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020. This was a descriptive-analytic study with a retrospective cohort design. The data in this study included the demography of burn patients, causes of burns, inhalation trauma, burn severity, increased serum transaminase (SGOT/SGPT), mortality, and sepsis. This study found that the correlation between elevated serum transaminases (SGOT/SGPT) and sepsis was determined using the Spearman-Rho Rank statistical test. Burn patients with sepsis in the hospital were dominated by males (65.2%) and mostly aged 26-55 years (69.6%). The flame was found to be the highest cause of burns (80.4%), burn area above 20% (91.3%), the highest level of severity was major burn (91.3%), and no inhalation trauma (54.3%). In this study, there was an increase in SGOT of 69.6% and SGPT of 78.3%, with a mortality rate of 39.1%, with average inpatient days of 24 days. The correlation test between elevated serum transaminase (SGOT) and sepsis showed an insignificant relationship (p = 0.065, p> 0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.200. In contrast, the correlation between elevated serum transaminase (SGPT) and sepsis was significant (p=0.006, p<0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.296.
Hyperglycemia Prevalence Among Artisans and Workers in Selected Factories In Lagos, Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Yahaya Tajudeen Olanrewaju , Sifau Mutiu O , Oladele Esther O , Bashar Danlami M , Abubakar Aminu L , Salisu Naziru , Usman Bello M , Koko Jamilu D
Published: June 2022

Highlights:

Workplace pollutants predispose people to hyperglycemia through beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance.
The risk is increased by unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking and drinking.
 Aging, due to mitochondrial function decline, also promotes hyperglycemia.

 
Abstract:
The increased global prevalence of hyperglycemia is linked partly to increasing industrial emission exposure, necessitating risk evaluations of various categories of workers worldwide. This study measured the blood glucose levels of selected non-obese artisans and workers from three companies (Imperio International, Mouka Foam, and Continental Iron) in Lagos, Nigeria. The participants’ demographic data were collected using structured questionnaires, after which their blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer. The results were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards (88–126 mg/dL). On average, Imperio International participants were 32 years old, Mouka Foam and Continental Iron were 28 years old, and the artisans were 32 years old. Most of the participants were male secondary school graduates who worked an average of nine hours per day, six days a week. Artisans had the highest hyperglycemic population (46.15%), followed by Imperio International and Continental Iron (33% each), and Mouka Foam (29.41%). Smokers accounted for 10.53% of the hyperglycemic population, followed by alcoholics (36.84%), those who drank and smoked (42.11%), and those who did not drink or smoke (10.53%). Age class ≥41 accounted for 36.84% of the hyperglycemic population, class 31-40 (34.21%), and class 21-30 (28.95%). Participants with secondary school education constituted 63.16% of the hyperglycemic population, primary education (18.42%), individuals having no education (13.16%), and tertiary education (5.26%). The findings indicate that workplace pollutants predispose workers to hyperglycemia and that smoking and alcohol increase the risks. The findings necessitate exposure reduction and healthy lifestyles in the workplace.
Magnetic Field Simulator Control System for Nanosatellites
Authors: Padun Oleksii Mykolaiovych , Serhieiev Dmytro Vitaliiovych , Lysiuk Iryna Ruslanivna , Kovalenko Ievhen Yuriiovych , Rassamakin Borys Mykhailovych
Published: June 2022

Nano- and microsatellites are becoming more and more popular in the last ten years. The main reason for this is the low cost of their development and launch.  Two such satellites of the CubeSat format have already been developed at the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. They have successfully completed their missions in orbit. Work on a new satellite is underway. Before flying into orbit, all satellites must pass a large number of ground tests.
An important part of almost every satellite is its subsystem of orientation and stabilization. Since it contains magnetic sensors and electromagnets, special magnetic field simulators are used to test it. Such a simulator must create a uniform magnetic field with the required parameters. The most common design used to simulate a magnetic field is a Helmholtz cage. It was built in the nanosatellite laboratory of the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. This paper deals with the development of a control system for it.
In the beginning, the design, parameters, and operation principle of the Helmholtz cage were described. It consists of six electromagnetic square shape coils with a side of 1.5 meters. Each coil has 52 turns of 1.29 mm wire. Such dimensions make it possible to obtain a spherical zone of uniformity of the magnetic field with a radius of 293 mm. The control system should regulate the current in the coils, change its direction and also control the parameters of the generated magnetic field. The existing solutions for such a system were analyzed. As a result, it was decided to use an H bridge circuit and pulse width regulation.
The structural and schematic diagrams of the control system were developed. Were selected all necessary components, such as power module, central processing unit, microcontroller for PWM signal generation, and magnetometer for magnetic field control. To reduce the ripple of the output current, an RLC filter for the coil driver was developed. Its frequency response, current and voltage curves of its load were calculated analytically and coincided with practical results.
An experimental layout of the control system was assembled. As a result of the tests, it was found that the system regulates the current in the coil from 0 to 6.8 A and can change its direction. The current ripple in the coils does not exceed 1 mA (peak-to-peak) at an average current of 0,574 A. The duration of the transient in the system is about 23 ms. These values meet the requirements and allow simulating any mode of satellite flight in orbit.
The developed control system for the magnetic simulator allows testing the magnetic orientation systems of nanosatellites developed at Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute and will help in their preparation for the flight.
Analysis of Exchange Power in the Power System of Drone
Authors: Mykolaiets Dmytro Anatoliiovych
Published: June 2022

The classification of drones - both military and civilian according to the relevant criteria - is presented. Block diagrams of a typical unmanned aerial vehicle and its power system are shown. Typically, a drone power system of the "micro", "mini" or "short range" category, according to the UVS international classification, is a set of DC / DC converters with a microprocessor control system. The power source for such aircraft is usually a battery, less often - fuel cells. During the flight, the engine speed is variable, and its change depends not only on changes in flight speed or direction, but also on weather conditions, such as wind, as the stabilization system constantly aligns the drone. This leads to the fact that the power supply system of such a device is actually a significant part of the time in transition condition. This leads to a significant content of the component of exchange energy that battery consumed which in turn will increase losses, and thus reduces the range of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The phenomenon of the occurrence of exchange power in the power supply systems of electric vehicles which powered from DC sources and specifically in the power supply system of an unmanned aerial vehicle is analyzed. The time diagrams of current, voltage, active and inactive components of power consumed from the mains power supply network of electric locomotive DE1 are illustrated. It can be seen that with a sharp change in the modes of operation of traction units there is a significant component of exchange power in the motor-network system. Such processes are typical for almost any electric vehicle and are associated with the presence of a significant number of reactive elements in the power supply systems, as well as frequent changes in load parameters. A block diagram of a typical unmanned aerial vehicle is presented. The unmanned aerial vehicle system consists of three parts: the air part, the unmanned aerial vehicle itself, the ground control station, which can be autonomous or manned, the control system, which provides communication and data transmission. The block diagram of the power system of a typical unmanned aerial vehicle is presented A simplified schematic diagram of the DC motor power supply system is presented. The relations for determining the amount of exchange power in the power supply system of an unmanned aerial vehicle are derived. It is concluded that to reduce the impact of this phenomenon, it is necessary to modify the power supply system by adding compensation units of inactive power component.
Research of Frequency Characteristics of Middle Ear Ossicles Implants
Authors: Naida Mykyta Srhiiovych
Published: June 2022

The paper considers the means to restore human hearing in cases where hearing impairment does not affect the auditory nerve. Then the restoration of hearing is carried out by tympanoplasty - by replacing (restoring) the eardrum or chain of auditory ossicles. The paper examines implants made of bioreplaceable materials that differ greatly in their mechanical properties. Therefore, for the individual selection of ossicular implants in tympanoplasty, a physical model of implants was developed. Based on it, such an important parameter of implants as the value of their resonant frequencies is determined. It was found that the first resonant frequency for a cartilage implant is 61.1 MHz, and for a titanium implant - 487.2 MHz. The paper also compares the theoretical values   of the resonant frequencies of implants with the experimental results of their measurement using the original installation. The acoustic part of the experimental setup was an electroacoustic emitter placed on an acoustic vibration absorber (paralon) and a sensitive microphone placed on a counterweight to reduce the pressure on the oscillary prosthesis during measurements and fix it. Signal from the laptop was fed to amplify the input of the audio interface, and from its output signal was sent to the electroacoustic emitter. Between the electroacoustic emitter and the microphone, through the additionally developed and manufactured duralumin nozzles, which provided the introduction of sound vibrations in the prosthesis at angles of 15, 30, 45, 60, a sample of the oscillary prosthesis was recorded. With the help of the installation, the transfer coefficients of samples of ossicular prostheses made of Teflon, titanium, cartilage and bone tissues were measured and compared. It is established that for high frequencies the level of transmission coefficients decreases faster with increasing angle than for low ones, due to the increase in the acoustic size of prostheses with increasing frequency. Also due to the general decrease in the signal level with increasing angle, you can see a decrease with a center frequency of 1 kHz. It is established that at the angle of incidence of the acoustic wave 30, for all samples of prostheses, at a frequency of 4 kHz there is a rise in frequency response. Moreover, for a titanium prosthesis, the value of the transmission coefficient at an angle of incidence of 30 at this frequency exceeds the value of the direct incidence of the acoustic wave.
Development of a System and Interface for Speech Synthesis in Ukrainian for Websites
Authors: Osdachuk Oleksandr Ruslanovych
Published: June 2022

The paper describes the system of content synthesis and sounding on websites in Ukrainian, designed to simplify the consumption of content for the visually impaired, which features easy integration into the most popular content management system on sites, namely CMC Wordpress.
Currently, people with visual impairments are severely limited in their use of Internet products because most web resources are not tailored to their needs. Modern information technology allows such people to receive information along with healthy ones thanks to solutions developed by scientists and engineers from different countries.
Text information can be delivered to the visually impaired with a magnifying glass or by enlarging the font by software, blind - by sounding the text using computer programs or displaying texts on the Braille screen of the monitor. This is an effective solution, but the choice of methods for reproducing such information must be fully provided by people with disabilities themselves, which is a significant problem due to the significant time spent on information consumption.
To facilitate the perception of visually impaired people when using websites, an international standard for webmasters has been developed - a guide to web content accessibility called the W3 Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Consortium 2.0. The standard describes in detail the requirements of visually impaired people that are recommended to be met in order for them to view the website without any problems. The basic provisions of WCAG 2.0 will describe the parameters and algorithms for scaling, clustering and separation of information by programs for the visually impaired and provide recommendations for writing website code.
However, to implement such recommendations, webmasters need to learn new programming principles and algorithms and use additional development tools. This is often difficult, requiring additional training, which entails non-compliance by webmasters with such requirements.
S(k)in in the game: Investing Responsibly in the Face of Risk
Authors: Meunier Luc , Adil Safaa , Tendero Marjorie
Published: June 2022

This letter deals with responsible decision making: Will model presence and risk influence investment in socially responsible funds? We conducted a choice-based experiment in which participants were invited to allocate their portfolio across three investments: a socially responsible fund, a sin fund or a safe account. The risk of the SRI and sin fund was manipulated across treatment (high or low), as well as the presence of a model face (woman, man or without). We find that SRI choice was positively influenced by the presence of a masculine face. A higher level of risk of the sin fund relative to the SRI one favors greater investment in SRI. On the opposite, a higher level of risk of the SRI relative to the sin fund reduces investment in SRI, apart for highly ethically-minded consumers, who invest in SRI and shun sin stock without consideration for risk.
A climatic classification of the world’s wine regions
Authors: Puga German , Anderson Kym , Jones Gregory , Doko Tchatoka Firmin , Umberger Wendy
Published: June 2022

Using a dataset with 16 climate variables for locations representing 813 wine regions that cover 99 % of the world’s winegrape area, we employ principal component analysis (PCA) for data reduction and cluster analysis for grouping similar regions. The PCA resulted in three components explaining 89 % of the variation in the data, with loadings that differentiate between locations that are warm/dry from cool/wet, low from high diurnal temperature ranges, low from high nighttime temperatures during ripening, and low from high vapour pressure deficits. The cluster analysis, based on these three principal components, resulted in three clusters defining wine regions globally, with the results showing that premium wine regions can be found across each of the climate types. This is, to our knowledge, the first such classification of virtually all of the world’s wine regions. However, with both climate change and an increasing preference for premium relative to non-premium wines, many of the world’s winegrowers may need to change their mixes of varieties, or source more of their grapes from more appropriate climates.
Au long de la taïga et de la toundra : incursion nordique en Laponie
Authors: Cantegrel Renaud
Published: June 2022

Comprendre aussi bien l’évolution des paysages sous forçage climatique en voie d’atténuation que l’adaptation subséquente des systèmes sylvatiques et asylvatiques nordiques, conduit l’auteur à un long cheminement à travers la forêt boréale jusqu’à la toundra des latitudes extrêmes. L’ancienneté de la colonisation des Scandes par Picea excelsa, omniprésent et attesté dès la fin du Tardiglaciaire en certains refuges émergeant de l’inlandsis scandinave, s’accompagne d’une belle diversité écogénétique du conifère, la taïga d’Épicéa columnaire en constituant le peuplement le plus caractéristique. En limite de toundra arctique résiduelle, au-delà des derniers peuplements hyperboréens de Pinus sylvestris, c’est la brousse monospécifique de Betula tortuosa qui ferme la végétation arbustive du bout du monde. En-deçà même de cette limite, le Bouleau de montagne, lui aussi englobé dans l’espèce polymorphe Betula pubescens, constitue de larges ceintures feuillues autant à l’étage subalpin des Scandes qu’au nord de la taïga qui couvre les monts de Laponie. En synthèse, la zonation bioclimatique nordique est discutée, avec insistance sur le rôle majeur joué par le Bouleau sous ses différents taxons dans l’organisation des forêts boréales et des marges forestières fluctuantes du Grand Nord ouest-européen.
Spore reproduction, glomalin content, and maize growth on mycorrhizal pot culture using acid mineral soil-based media
Authors: Cahyani Vita Ratri , Kinasih Dianing Wahyu , Purwanto Purwanto , Syamsiyah Jauhari
Published: June 2022

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is known as multifunctional fungi for plant helpers under adverse conditions. However, studies that focused on the production strategy of AM biofertilizers with specific targets related to the soil limitations are limited. This study aimed to examine AM inocula from several sources using various compositions of acid mineral soil-based media and maize hosts in pot cultures to obtain effective AM inocula to handle the phosphor (P) limitations in acid mineral soils. Zeolite and Inceptisols were used as comparing media. The study utilized a completely randomized factorial design with two factors, namely C = media composition (C0: zeolite; C1: representative media of Alfisols; C2: typical media of a mixture of Alfisols, Oxisols, and Ultisols; C3: typical media with the addition of Bio-RP nutrition; C4: Inceptisols) and I = AM inoculum source (I0: without inoculum; I1: inoculum from Alfisols; I2: mixed inoculum from Alfisols, Ultisols, and Oxisols; I3: mixed inoculum from eight soil types), and six replications per treatment combination. The AM cultures on acid mineral soil-based media, which yielded the highest mycorrhizal infection, spore reproduction, and glomalin content, were C1I2 and C3I2, while the highest maize growth and P concentration were obtained with C1I1, CII2, C2I1, and C3I2. Compared to all the treatments, C1I1 and C1I2 are the superior AM cultures. Further study is necessary to confirm the effectiveness of AM cultures.
New mtDNA Control Region haplotypes of the green turtle Chelonia mydas from north and central Peruvian coasts
Authors:   , Ruiz Mendoza Jackeline
Published: June 2022

La tortuga verde Chelonia mydas figura en la Lista Roja de la UICN como una especie en peligro de extinción y el éxito de las estrategias para su conservación depende en parte de las contribuciones al conocimiento sobre su biología. En este estudio se utilizó secuencias de la región control del ADN mitocondrial para evaluar la composición de haplotipos e inferir el origen natal de 196 tortugas verdes muestreadas en el estuario de Virrilá (VE) y en la bahía de Paracas (PB) ubicadas en Perú, durante los años 2015 y 2016. Se encontró un total de veinte haplotipos, de los cuales doce estuvieron vinculados a las principales colonias de anidación del Pacífico oriental, cinco fueron considerados huérfanos y tres fueron nuevos. Los haplotipos más frecuentes fueron CmP4.6, CmP4.1 y CmP4.7. CmP4.6 se ha descrito previamente como el más común de la unidad de manejo (UM) de Galápagos, mientras que CmP4.1 se ha reportado como un haplotipo común de las UMs del Pacífico oriental. CmP4.7 ha sido descrito como endémico de la UM de Galápagos. Los tres nuevos haplotipos (CmP246.1, CmP4.18 y CmP4.21) se identificaron en individuos de VE con una baja frecuencia (0,7%) y la red de haplotipos mostró que estos estuvieron estrechamente relacionados a CmP4.6 y CmP4.7, sugiriendo que su origen natal estaría en el Pacífico oriental. Además, se observó una alta diversidad haplotipica en VE (0,74) y PB (0,83), comparable a varias zonas de alimentación tanto del Océano Pacífico como del Atlántico. La presencia de nuevos haplotipos en zonas de alimentación destaca la importancia de continuar los estudios en zonas de anidación, para registrar completamente los haplotipos regionales.
Factores de riesgo asociados al perfil del homicida en población penitenciaria: análisis de un censo nacional peruano, 2016
Authors:   , Castillo Caciano Nadia Maria
Published: June 2022

Objetivos: Determinar los factores asociados al perfil del homicida en la población penitenciaria en Perú. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un análisis secundario del Primer Censo Nacional de Población Penitenciaria del año 2016. La variable dependiente fue cometer homicidio. Se calcularon razones de prevalencia crudas y ajustadas mediante un modelo lineal generalizado de la familia Poisson. Resultados: Se analizaron los datos de 3725 internos hombres que habían cometido homicidio. La mayor prevalencia de homicidas se encontró en Lima (28%), la capital del Perú. Ser separado, viudo o divorciado, tener un nivel educativo hasta primaria o no tener educación, consumir drogas antes del ingreso, ser reincidente, usar armas durante el crimen y haber cometido el crimen en la vía pública aumentaron la probabilidad de cometer homicidio. Conclusiones: Aproximadamente 1 de cada 4 internos que cometieron homicidio pertenecían a la capital del Perú. Existen factores sociodemográficos, y relacionados al delito que aumentaron la probabilidad de cometer homicidio en esta población. Nuestros resultados podrían ayudar a la creación de estrategias basadas en evidencia enfocadas en educación, seguridad ciudadana, y ámbitos sociales para reducir la tasa de homicidios intencionales y sus consecuencias negativas.
Percepción de enfermedad y ansiedad-depresión en pacientes COVID-19 (+) hospitalizados en clínica privada
Authors:   , Pinto Llerena Raquel Adriana , Nina Huisa Nora
Published: June 2022

Introducción: La pandemia por SARS-COV 2 generó crisis económica, social, humanitaria y sanitaria provocando así deterioro en la salud mental pública. La percepción de enfermedad de los pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 alteró su bienestar psicológico, varios estudios demuestran la presencia de ansiedad y depresión, siendo mayor en pacientes hospitalizados; sin embargo, dichos estudios se centran en la atención pública, no evaluando al paciente en el contexto de atención privada. Objetivos: Determinar la relación entre percepción de enfermedad y trastorno de salud mental (ansiedad-depresión) en pacientes COVID-19 (+) hospitalizados en clínica privada. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico entre los meses septiembre del 2020 y abril del 2021. Se incluyó una muestra de 226 pacientes hospitalizados en una clínica privada, quienes completaron una encuesta física que incluía el cuestionario de Percepción de Enfermedad (BIPQ) y la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HADS). Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó STATA V.16, se evaluó la asociación por medio de análisis inferencial y multivariado. El presente estudio fue aprobado por el comité de ética de la Universidad Científica del Sur (UCSUR) antes de su ejecución. Resultados: Se encontró que la relación entre percepción de enfermedad y trastorno de salud mental presentó una media de 42.93 y desviación estándar de 6.96. La prevalencia de síntomas asociados a ansiedad fue de 80.97% y síntomas asociados a depresión de 92.03%. En el análisis multivariado de BIPQ se encontró un (RP＝ 1.015 IC95% 1.008 - 1.022). Además, luego del cálculo de RP ajustado se encontró asociación significativa con las variables edad, modalidad laboral, aislamiento, dificultades económicas y grado de instrucción. Conclusiones: Se encontró una relación entre percepción de enfermedad y trastorno de salud mental en pacientes con COVID-19 hospitalizados en un contexto de atención privada, donde se obtuvo mayores prevalencias en contraste...
Effects on Lower Extremity Perfusion When the Lower Extremity Extracorporeal Distal Revascularization (LEEDR) System is Used for Arterial Shunting
Authors: Treffalls Rebecca N , Stonko David P , Edwards Joseph , Abdou Hossam , Lang Eric , Walker Patrick , Morrison Jonathan J
Published: June 2022

Traumatic injuries to the pelvis, extremities, or extremity vessels have improved outcomes when there is early restoration of perfusion (Laverty et al, Hancock et al). An ex-vivo shunting device, such as the Lower Extremity Extracorporeal Distal Revascularization (LEEDR) system, offers a potential solution to perfuse an ischemic limb in situations where definitive repair is not available, or transfer or delay is inevitable. A large animal model is required to optimize the surgical technique and management strategies. Acknowledging the morphological differences between bipeds and quadrupeds (Edwards et al), the aim of this study is to use a model of prolonged extremity ischemia to determine whether a LEEDR system can be used to mitigate ischemia by reducing compartment pressures and the need for fasciotomies following reperfusion. We sought to develop a method where an extracorporeal shunt from the contralateral common femoral artery to the ipsilateral tibial artery in the setting of limb ischemia to provide distal perfusion. Following a period of controlled ischemia, we developed a model with a low resistance circuit and 150 mL/min pump to perfuse an ischemic extremity at a distal point utilizing the contralateral proximal femoral vessel as outflow.
The effects of bicarbonated versus acetated Ringer's solutions on acid-base status and kidney injury following orthotopic liver transplantation: protocol for a single-centre, randomised controlled trial (The BETTER trial)
Authors: Lv Cheng , Ke Lu , Zhou Bin , Lin Jiajia , Sun Lingling , Zhang Zhenzhen , Zhang Donghua , Ding Yuan , Sun Rong , Zhang Jie , Zhang Li , Zhou Chuyao , Wang Xuan , Li Baiqiang
Published: June 2022

Background
The ideal crystalloid fluid of choice for fluid therapy during liver transplantation is unknown. Previous studies showed that balanced solutions, compared with normal saline, could prevent metabolic acidosis and protect renal function in critically ill patients. However, conventional balanced crystalloids are buffered with organic anions, which requires liver metabolism to exert chloride-restrictive effects, therefore they can not function properly during liver transplantation. On the contrary, the bicarbonated Ringer’s solution(BRS) can maintain acid-base status regardless of liver function, but no comparison was made before in patients undergoing liver transplantation. In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that, in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation, compared with acetated Ringer’s solutions(ARS), perioperative fluid therapy with BRS could better maintain the acid-base status.
Methods
This is a prospective, single-centre, randomised controlled trial. Eligible patients will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio stratified by the surgical methods adopted (classical orthotopic liver transplantation vs. piggyback orthotopic liver transplantation) to receive either BRS or ARS perioperatively. The primary endpoint is the difference of standard base excess(SBE) before and after operation. Secondary endpoints include the incidence of acute kidney injury(AKI) within 48 hours post operation and free and alive days to day 14 for intensive care admission, invasive ventilation, vasopressors, and renal replacement therapy(RRT).
Discussion
Metabolic acidosis is common perioperatively, potentially leading to decreased renal blood flow and reduced glomerular filtration rate. The use of balanced solutions can prevent hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, thereby avoiding AKI in some patients. However, during liver transplantation, when well-functioning liver metabolism is lacking, the organic anions in conventional balanced solutions may remain strong anions and thus fail to maintain the acid-base status, but no solid clinical evidence exists by now. This study will, for the first time, provide evidence on the relative effects of BRS versus ARS on acid-base status and renal injury in patients undergoing liver transplantation.
Trial registration:
The trial has been registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2100046889) on May 29th, 2021.
An Optimized Energy Aware Load Balancing Routing Protocol for Software Defined Network
Authors: Shivakeshi Choupiri , B Sreepathi
Published: June 2022

Software-Defined Network (SDN) has a possible pathway to overcoming resource management complexities. The Energy-aware (EA) routing protocol has been adopted and functioned in many network applications. However, the chief problem in this protocol is high energy consumption and collision. So, to improve the performance of routing protocol in SDN, the current work has designed a novel Buffalo-based Energy-Aware Duty Cycle Routing (BEADCR) protocol to diminish energy usage. Here, buffalo fitness monitors the high energy-consuming nodes and removes them. Moreover, the data rate of each node was observed, and the zero data rate nodes were considered as rest nodes. In addition, to avoid a collision, the data overhead of each node was monitored, and the migration function was performed to share the high load with the rest nodes by activating the presented BEADCR model. This improves performance by gaining high monitoring accuracy, less energy consumption, high packet-delivery ratio (PDR), high throughput ratio, and high energy efficiency. Further, the result obtained is compared with other existing models to determine the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Artificial intelligence in medical education: A cross-sectional needs assessment
Authors: Civaner M. Murat , Uncu Yesim , Bulut Filiz , Chalil Esra Giounous , Tatlı Abdulhamit
Published: June 2022

Background: As the information age wanes, enabling the prevalence of the artificial intelligence age; expectations, responsibilities, and job definitions need to be redefined for those who provide services in healthcare. This study examined the perceptions of future physicians on the possible influences of artificial intelligence on medicine, and to determine the needs that might be helpful for curriculum restructuring. Methods: A cross-sectional multi-center study was conducted among medical students country-wide, where 3,018 medical students participated. The instrument of the study was an online survey that was designed and distributed via a web-based service.Results: Most of the medical students perceived artificial intelligence as an assistant technology that could facilitate physicians’ access to information (85.8%) and patients to healthcare (76.7%), reduces errors (%70.5). However, half of the participants were worried about the possible reduction in the services of physicians, which could lead to unemployment (44.9%). Furthermore, it was agreed that using artificial intelligence in medicine could devalue the medical profession (58.6%), damage trust (45.5%), negatively affect patient-physician relationships (42.7%). Moreover, nearly half of the participants affirmed that they could protect their professional confidentiality when using artificial intelligence applications (44.7%); whereas, 16.1% argued that artificial intelligence in medicine might cause violations of professional confidentiality. Of all the participants, only 6.0% stated that they were competent enough to inform patients about the features and risks of artificial intelligence. They further expressed that their educational gaps regarding their need for “knowledge and skills related to artificial intelligence applications” (96.2%), “applications for reducing medical errors” (95.8%), and “training to prevent and solve ethical problems that might arise as a result of using artificial intelligence applications” (93.8%). Conclusions: The participants expressed a need for an update on the medical curriculum, according to necessities in transforming healthcare driven by artificial intelligence. The update should revolve around equipping future physicians with the knowledge and skills to effectively make use of artificial intelligence applications, as well as to ensure that professional values and rights are protected.
Fucoidan functionalized cerium oxide nanoparticles (Fu/CeO2NPs): A multidimensional investigation
Authors: Kandasamy KARTHIKEYAN , Manikandan Dinesh Babu , Kumpati Premkumar
Published: June 2022

Nanotechnology is an expanded branch of current research that involves the production and customization of particle structures with typical sizes of less than 100nm for various uses. A large area of surface to volume ratio was related with minimum surface functionalization, resulting in nanostructured metal oxide nanoparticles with outstanding biomedical characteristics. Cerium oxide (CeO2) is the most approachable rare earth metal oxide due to its selective nature. In this first time reported that the nature of fucoidan functionalized Cerium oxide nanoparticles were determined by using UV-Vis, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, DLS, Zeta potential, FT-IR, XRD and XPS spectroscopic examination. The CeO2NPs and Fu/CeO2NPs have been effectively cause cell wall damage of pathogenic bacteria E.coli and S.aureus. In-vitro antioxidant activities were showed significant results were obtained CeO2NPs and Fu/CeO2NPs. Dose-dependent cytotoxicity assay of CeO2NPs and Fu/CeO2NPs have been treated against A549 (lung) and Hela (cervical) cancer cells. Furthermore, cell morphological changes have analysed by using fluorescent microscopic staining techniques like AO/EB, Hoechst and JC-1. Fu/CeO2NPs have more effectively degraded the carcinogenic dye Congo red under sunlight. The present investigation of CeO2NPs and Fu/CeO2NPs as a novel theranostic platform for bacterial/cancer treatment.