bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems of professional training of employees of the Russian penal system in the context of digital transformation
Authors: Guseyan Gulya Ovikovna , Bondareva Anastasiya Vladimirovna , Himedenova Dina Nikolaevna , Kuharev Yurii Stanislavovich
Published: May 2024

The subject of this article is the problem of professional training of current and future employees of the Russian penitentiary enforcement system in the context of the digital transformation of the penitentiary system in the country and the world. The relevance of the stated topic is due to the fact that the current employees of the penal enforcement system have a low level of knowledge of information technologies. In addition, modern professional training of future personnel of the penitentiary system is carried out without the use of such information innovations as distance education technologies and digital security. The article examines the current level of information technology proficiency of current employees of the penitentiary system; describes the problems existing in the system of training future personnel when they receive education in institutions under the jurisdiction of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Russian Federation, as well as in civilian universities training personnel in the field of "Jurisprudence", "Law Enforcement"; the problem of the lack of courses is considered improving the digital literacy of current employees of the penitentiary system; the experience of using distance learning technologies by foreign countries in the process of obtaining education by current employees who have the opportunity to improve their competence without interrupting their direct official duties; the possibility of applying foreign experience in the Russian penitentiary system was assessed. Along with general scientific methods, the authors also used special legal methods (system-analytical, comparative legal, statistical). The novelty of the research lies in the development of the main ways to solve the problems of professional training of employees of the penitentiary system within the framework of the digital transformation of the penitentiary system, providing for improving the training of existing employees, as well as introducing certain innovations in the training of future personnel of the penitentiary system. On the basis of the conducted research, difficulties were identified and opportunities for improving the modern professional training of future personnel, as well as current employees of the penitentiary enforcement system, contributing to the optimization of processes and improving the quality of the penitentiary system were identified. The best way to solve these problems will be the introduction of a mandatory requirement to improve the digital literacy of existing employees of the system. For institutions that train future personnel of the penitentiary system, it is necessary to introduce disciplines into the educational program aimed at obtaining practical skills in working with automated information systems used in the activities of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Russian Federation.
On the effectiveness of regulatory restrictions in conducting telemedicine consultations
Authors: Makarov Vladislav Olegovich , Kovalenko Mariya Andreevna
Published: May 2024

The article examines the introduction of an experimental legal regime in the field of telemedicine in the Russian Federation. The authors investigate the general and experimental legal regulation in the field of telemedicine services. It is noted that the main prohibition leading to the emergence of the services in the field of medicine is a ban on clarifying and directly making a diagnosis within the framework of a remote consultation without prior face-to-face appointment with the attending physician. When establishing an experimental legal regime, this prohibition was relaxed, since it is possible to seek remote consultation from another doctor working in the same medical organization and having at least 7 years of experience in the specialty. It is stated that the information services that appeared to circumvent this prohibition are actually medical. In the course of the research, general scientific methods of cognition of the surrounding reality and legal matter, as well as special legal methods, including formal legal ones, were used to achieve these goals. It is noted that when establishing, within the framework of an experimental legal regime, the possibility of prescribing treatment or correcting it by another doctor working in the same medical organization as the attending physician who conducted the preliminary face-to-face appointment of the patient, medical organizations with an extensive network of branches receive advantages for development. In such a situation, it is possible to form two levels of medical care: within the framework of the first, primary face-to-face reception is carried out by the primary link of medical workers, within the framework of the second, specialized doctors conduct remote consultation to the patient (legal representative). The establishment of a ban on diagnosis and restrictions on the prescription of treatment remotely has led to the spread of shady online counseling services. Due to the motives and goals of the patient when accessing such a service, it is essentially medical.
The relationship of clinical and psychological characteristics with the syndrome of emotional burnout and neuropsychic maladjustment of summer camp counselors
Authors: Karpova Elvira Borisovna , Stupnikov Andrei Sergeevich , Yampolskiy Anton Andreevich , Vildan Polina Konstantinovna
Published: May 2024

Emotional burnout and professional maladaptation are quite common problems for many professionals who work with people, especially teachers. It is known that the phenomena under consideration can not only be related to each other, but also lead to serious problems with somatic and mental health, and can also provoke poor-quality, negligent performance of their duties, which, in turn, can lead to even greater negative consequences. To date, in the scientific literature there is practically no analysis of the connection between emotional burnout and neuropsychic maladjustment with other clinical and psychological characteristics of summer camp counselors. At the same time, the initial results of research into the level of burnout and work maladjustment indicate a fairly wide distribution of these phenomena. The purpose of our research was to study the relationship between the clinical and psychological characteristics of children's camp counselors and the level of their emotional burnout and neuropsychic maladjustment. The study involved 81 counselors from different children's camps with 24-hour stay. All employees completed a package of methods aimed at studying emotional burnout, neuropsychic maladaptation, motivation, personality structure, reflexivity, anxiety, communication skills, and emotional intelligence. The article presents the results of a study of correlations between indicators of emotional burnout, the level of neuropsychic maladaptation with other clinical and psychological characteristics of children's camp teachers. These phenomena are associated with a number of personal characteristics: anxiety, emotional intelligence, communicative competence, personality structure. In particular, counselors with a low level of burnout and a low level of maladjustment were characterized by sociability, trustfulness, emotional stability, an adequate reaction to conflict situations and a low level of anxiety. The results obtained are partially confirmed by our previous research and make a new contribution to the understanding of those factors that influence the state of counselors in terms of human capital. However, we also identified some contradictions in the data, such as the lack of a statistically significant connection between emotional burnout and the level of motivation. This indicates that motivation may play a less significant role in the formation of burnout among summer camp counselors compared to other professional groups, such as teachers. Of particular interest is the conclusion about the connection between the level of emotional burnout and neuropsychic maladjustment. There is a high level of maladaptation among counselors with a high level of burnout, which indicates a connection between these phenomena.
Inkjet printing high mobility indium-zinc-tin oxide thin film transistor
Authors: Zhao Ze-Xian , Xu Meng , Peng Cong , Zhang Han , Chen Long-Long , Zhang Jian-Hua , Li Xi-Feng ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China,   Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Application of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
Published: May 2024

Metal oxide thin film transistor has been widely used in flat panel display industry because of its low leakage current, high mobility and large area uniformity. Besides, with the development of printed display technology, inkjet printing process can fabricate the customizable patterns on diverse substrates with no need of vacuum or lithography to be used, thus significantly reducing cost and receiving more and more attention. In this paper, we use inkjet printing technology to prepare a bottom gate bottom contact thin film transistor (TFT) by using indium-zinc-tin-oxide (IZTO) semiconductor. The surface morphology of the printed IZTO film is modified by adjusting the solvent composition and solute concentration of the printing precursor ink. The experimental result show that the use of binary solvents can effectively overcome the coffee ring shape caused by the accumulation of solute edge in the volatilization process of a single solvent, ultimately presenting a uniform and flat contour surface. Further increase in solute concentration is in favor of formation of convex surface topology. The reason for the formation of the flat surface of the oxide film is the balance between the inward Marangoni reflux of the solute and the outward capillary flow during volatilization. In addition, IZTO thin film transistor printed with binary solvents exhibits excellent electrical properties. The ratio of width/length = 50/30 exhibits a high on-off ratio of 1.21×109, a high saturation field-effect mobility is 16.6 cm2/(V·s), a low threshold voltage is 0.84 V, and subthreshold swing is 0.24 V/dec. The uniform and flat active layer thin film pattern can form good contact with the source leakage electrode, and the contact resistances of TFT devices with different width-to-length ratios are less than 1000 Ω, which can reach the basic conditions of high mobility thin film transistors prepared by inkjet printing. Therefore, using solvent mixture provides a universal and simple way to print oxide films with required surface topology, and present a visible path for inkjet printing of high-mobility thin film transistors.
Some new results on the negative polynomial Pell’s equation
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, SRM IST Ramapuram, Anitha K. , Mumtaj Fathima I. ,   Department of Mathematics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering (Affiliated to Anna University), Vijayalakshmi A. R. ,   Department of Mathematics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering
Published: May 2024

We consider the negative polynomial Pell's equation $P^2(X)-D(X)Q^2(X)=-1$, where $D(X)\in \mathbb{Z}[X]$ be some fixed, monic, square-free, even degree polynomials. In this paper, we investigate the existence of polynomial solutions $P(X), Q(X)$ with integer coefficients.
Heritable epigenetic changes are constrained by the dynamics of regulatory architectures
Authors: Jose Antony M
Published: May 2024

Interacting molecules create regulatory architectures that can persist despite turnover of molecules. Although epigenetic changes occur within the context of such architectures, there is limited understanding of how they can influence the heritability of changes. Here, I develop criteria for the heritability of regulatory architectures and use quantitative simulations of interacting regulators parsed as entities, their sensors, and the sensed properties to analyze how architectures influence heritable epigenetic changes. Information contained in regulatory architectures grows rapidly with the number of interacting molecules and its transmission requires positive feedback loops. While these architectures can recover after many epigenetic perturbations, some resulting changes can become permanently heritable. Architectures that are otherwise unstable can become heritable through periodic interactions with external regulators, which suggests that mortal somatic lineages with cells that reproducibly interact with the immortal germ lineage could make a wider variety of architectures heritable. Differential inhibition of the positive feedback loops that transmit regulatory architectures across generations can explain the gene-specific differences in heritable RNA silencing observed in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. More broadly, these results provide a foundation for analyzing the inheritance of epigenetic changes within the context of the regulatory architectures implemented using diverse molecules in different living systems.
High School Teachers’ Adoption of Generative AI
Authors: Elstad Eyvind , Eriksen Harald
Published: May 2024

In 2023, the breakthrough of generative artificial intelligence (AI) led to its adoption. While some teachers expressed frustration over pupil misuse of generative AI, others advocated for the availability of a school-relevant chatbot for pupil use. In October 2023, a local chatbot intended to meet that goal was launched by Oslo Municipality. After six weeks, an investigation was conducted to examine how 246 teachers perceived the opportunities and limitations of this new technology. The examination used structural equation modelling to explore antecedents of instructional AI utility. The analysis shows that the pathway between instructional self-efficacy and AI utility has the highest positively charged value, while the pathways between management and AI utility have low numerical value. This last finding can be interpreted as the influence of untapped management potential and must be seen in the context of the fact that no guidelines for the use of AI in schools existed when the survey was conducted. In addition, the pathway between colleague discussion and AI utility has relatively low numerical values. The potential for learning through discussion among colleagues can be utilized to an even greater degree. The pathway between management and colleague discussion is remarkable. Implications are discussed.
Interactive effects of drought and deforestation on multitrophic communities and aquatic ecosystem functions in the Neotropics—a test using tank bromeliads
Authors: Séguigne Marie , Leroy Céline , Carrias Jean-François , Corbara Bruno , Lafont Rapnouil Tristan , Céréghino Régis
Published: May 2024

Background

Together with the intensification of dry seasons in Neotropical regions, increasing deforestation is expected to exacerbate species extinctions, something that could lead to dramatic shifts in multitrophic communities and ecosystem functions. Recent studies suggest that the effects of habitat loss are greater where precipitation has decreased. Yet, experimental studies of the pure and interactive effects of drought and deforestation at ecosystem level remain scarce.

Methods

Here, we used rainshelters and transplantation from rainforest to open areas of natural microcosms (the aquatic ecosystem and microbial-faunal food web found within the rainwater-filled leaves of tank bromeliads) to emulate drought and deforestation in a full factorial experimental design. We analysed the pure and interactive effects of our treatments on functional community structure (including microorganisms, detritivore and predatory invertebrates), and on leaf litter decomposition in tank bromeliad ecosystems.

Results

Drought or deforestation alone had a moderate impact on biomass at the various trophic level, but did not eliminate species. However, their interaction synergistically reduced the biomass of all invertebrate functional groups and bacteria. Predators were the most impacted trophic group as they were totally eliminated, while detritivore biomass was reduced by about 95%. Fungal biomass was either unaffected or boosted by our treatments. Decomposition was essentially driven by microbial activity, and did not change across treatments involving deforestation and/or drought.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that highly resistant microorganisms such as fungi (plus a few detritivores) maintain key ecosystem functions in the face of drought and habitat change. We conclude that habitat destruction compounds the problems of climate change, that the impacts of the two phenomena on food webs are mutually reinforcing, and that the stability of ecosystem functions depends on the resistance of a core group of organisms. Assuming that taking global action is more challenging than taking local-regional actions, policy-makers should be encouraged to implement environmental action plans that will halt habitat destruction, to dampen any detrimental interactive effect with the impacts of global climate change.
Análisis de clusters y de trayectorias de motivación de estudiantes de un curso de programación en modalidad remota de emergencia
Authors:   , Jahr Andrade Andrés Sebastián
Published: May 2024

La pandemia de COVID-19 trajo consigo consecuencias no solo en el ámbito de salud y económico, sino que también en educación. Las personas se vieron obligadas a cumplir estrictos protocolos sanitarios los cuales implicaron, entre otras cosas, restricciones de desplazamiento y cuarentenas. En consecuencia, sin mas opción, los centros educacionales se vieron obligados a pasar a un formato remoto, modalidad conocida como aprendizaje remoto de emergencia, o emergency remote teaching (ERT). ERT tiene consecuencias para profesores y estudiantes, las cuales podrían afectar la motivación y, por ende, el aprendizaje de estos últimos. Con la finalidad de analizar dicha situación se realizaron 3 encuestas en un curso universitario de programación, las cuales incluían preguntas del Motivated Strageties for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), cuestionario autoreporte que evalúa la motivación académica de los estudiantes en distintas escalas; preguntas demográficas y descriptivas, y preguntas respecto a la preocupación por el COVID-19. A partir de lo anterior, se generaron perfiles de estudiantes utilizando el método de clusterización k-means y se analizaron sus diferencias con diversas pruebas estadísticas. Adicionalmente, se generaron trayectorias de motivación considerando los 3 periodos estudiados. A raíz de ello se descubrió la existencia de 4 perfiles de estudiantes. El perfil más adaptativo tuvo una alta motivación, además de verse más preparado y menos frustrado con las condiciones del ERT. Sin embargo, tuvo los niveles mas altos de preocupación por el COVID-19. El perfil menos adaptativo, se comporto en general como un espejo de las variables del más adaptativo, siendo el cluster con mayor representación de mujeres. En lo que respecta a trayectorias, se evidenciaron diversas variaciones motivacionales a través del tiempo. Por último, se mostraron claras diferencias entre las trayectorias de los estudiantes más y menos preocupados por el COVID-19.
Direct laser interference patterning on copper to prevent Variovorax sp. settlement onto metallic surfaces
Authors:   , Caro Lara Luis Alberto
Published: May 2024

El desarrollo de biopelículas perjudiciales en superficies metálicas afecta el rendimiento y vida útil de estas. La micro-texturización con láser aparece como una estrategia novedosa para impedir el crecimiento de biopelículas, bloqueando las etapas iniciales de la adhesión bacteriana y mejorando las características antimicrobianas de los metales. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar dos efectos de la micro-texturización con láser en cobre sobre la bacteria tolerante a cobre Variovorax sp.: i) la adhesión bacteriana inicial a la superficie, y ii) la inactivación de las bacterias por el efecto de muerte por contacto. En este último objetivo se agregó como control a la bacteria no-tolerante a cobre Escherichia coli. Para llevar a cabo estos objetivos, se produjeron patrones lineales con periodicidades de 4,7, 6,8, 14 y 18 μm mediante texturización laser en cupones de cobre. Las propiedades de la superficie se caracterizaron mediante técnicas microscópicas y espectroscópicas, mientras que la interacción superficie/bacteria se realizó mediante microscopía de epifluorescencia, funcionalización de puntas de microscopía de fuerza atómica y pruebas de muerte por contacto. En cuanto al objetivo i), la periodicidad de 4,7 μm resultó ser el patrón más eficiente para suprimir la adhesión inicial de Variovorax sp. en un 31,1 % comparado con la superficie no texturizada. Además, se observó un asentamiento preferente en los picos por sobre valles para los patrones con periodicidades de 14 y 18 μm, mostrando estos patrones más eventos de adhesión que los diseños más pequeños. En cuanto al objetivo ii) el incremento de Cu(OH)2 resultante del tratamiento con láser y el contacto bacteria-superficie fueron los factores determinantes en el incremento del efecto antimicrobiano del cobre frente a Variovorax sp. y Escherichia coli inactivando el 87% y el 100% de las células tras 2 horas y los primeros 5 minutos del ensayo, respectivamente. Estos hallazgos aportan a la comprensión de la adhesión bacteriana y el efecto de muerte por contacto de las superficies de cobre, contribuyendo así al desarrollo potencial de estrategias inocuas para controlar el crecimiento de biopelículas en materiales hechos con cobre.
Caracterización de la patología renal a nivel ultraestructural y molecular en el ratón lipodistrófico Agpat2 -/-
Authors:   , Tiscornia González Caterina
Published: May 2024

La Lipodistrofia congénita generalizada [LCG] es una condición patológica de transmisión autosómica recesiva, causada principalmente por mutaciones en el gen AGPAT2. Está asociada al desarrollo de resistencia insulínica severa, secundaria al depósito ectópico de lípidos y ausencia de adipoquinas, desarrollando hipertrigliceridemia, esteatosis hepática y diabetes. Adicionalmente, se ha asociado con la presencia de proteinuria y enfermedad renal ER. Objetivo general. Caracterizar la presencia de alteraciones asociadas a patología renal a nivel ultraestructural y molecular en ratones adultos Agpat2-/-. Métodos. Se evaluó la ultraestructura renal mediante microscopía electrónica de transmisión y la expresión de genes mediante RT-PCR. Los datos se expresaron como media y desviación estándar. Para determinar las diferencias en la cantidad relativa de mRNA de genes involucrados en la ER, se utiizó t de Student. Resultados. Ratones adultos Agpat2-/- presentaron alteraciones en la ultraestructura renal, destacando una marcada expansión mesangial y fusión pedicelar. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los niveles de mRNA de marcadores de lipogénesis, gluconeogénesis, reabsorción tubular de glucosa, agua y fibrosis. Conclusiones. Los ratones Agpat2 -/- presentan alteraciones en la estructura glomerular. En futuros estudios se completará el análisis histológico, ultraestructural y molecular del riñón de estos animales y se determinarán sus defectos funcionales.
Modelo de Salud Mental Comunitaria en atención infantojuvenil en Chile. Evaluación de la implementación desde la perspectiva de actores clave
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Medicina, Rajevic Correa Francisco Javier
Published: May 2024

Introducción: La atención de Salud Mental en Chile se inserta en la Red General de Salud. En las diferentes estrategias de Salud Mental, se ha declarado que el modelo bajo el cual se estructura el sistema es el modelo de Salud Mental Comunitaria, siguiendo la tendencia mundial, que se contrapone al modelo clásico asistencial, se centra en la intervención comunitaria, con enfoque de derechos, curso de vida, entre otros. Los nudos críticos de la instalación del modelo en Chile han sido analizados previamente, y el modelo sigue en desarrollo. La atención de salud mental en población infantojuvenil históricamente ha estado menos desarrollada que en la población adulta, y se desconoce si los problemas de ese grupo son abordados bajo el modelo comunitario. Objetivos: Evaluar la implementación del modelo comunitario en la atención de salud mental infantojuvenil. Identificar barreras, debilidades y oportunidades bajo el modelo. Método: Se realizó una evaluación cualitativa, tipo Análisis de Contenido, del resultado de 6 entrevistas semi estructuradas a actores clave y expertos seleccionados de un muestreo teórico y mapeo de actores clave. Las preguntas fueron respecto a la implementación del modelo comunitario en atención de salud mental a población infantojuvenil. Resultados: Respecto del nivel de implementación, se observan avances desde la instalación del modelo, aunque con un retraso respecto de la atención de la población adulta. Se identifican brechas en formación de profesionales, disponibilidad de recursos humanos y económicos. Los aspectos del modelo con mayor brecha serían el Enfoque de Derechos, la continuidad de cuidados y tránsito de las personas a través de la red, así como las intervenciones comunitarias y actividades en terreno. Las barreras fueron agrupadas en 4 categorías: Políticas, Organizacionales, Culturales y Locales, destacando el Adultocentrismo, el Enfoque Biomédico y la falta de recursos económicos. Como fortalezas está la existencia de un plan nacional que declara el modelo, así como la amplia red de dispositivos, incluyendo la atención primaria. Discusión/Conclusiones: El modelo comunitario de Salud Mental en Chile aún se encuentra en implementación, con un desarrollo menor desde la perspectiva infantojuvenil. Las principales barreras identificadas están relacionadas con tradiciones en la forma de trabajar en salud que aún están presentes y no han logrado ser modificadas. Las recomendaciones pasan por profundizar el modelo, aumentado los recursos y la formación respecto de este, para así avanzar hacia enfrentamientos más efectivos respecto de la Salud Mental de la Población.
Análisis de casos de dengue en Brasil (2001-2020): modificación de un modelo para aumentar su valor predictivo
Authors:   , Neumann Heise Joaquín Feliipe
Published: May 2024

El dengue es una enfermedad viral aguda transmitida por especies de mosquitos del género Aedes que afecta a más de 100 países tropicales y subtropicales, siendo considerada la enfermedad arboviral más prevalente a nivel mundial. Su compleja naturaleza multifactorial ha impedido que los modelos predictivos de regresión actuales sean lo suficientemente robustos como para generar predicciones que se asemejen fielmente a la realidad. Teniendo esto en cuenta, la hipótesis de este estudio es que la incorporación y/o transformación de una variable que represente la naturaleza cíclica del dengue a partir de datos de población general del periodo 2001-2020 incrementa el valor predictivo de un modelo de regresión seleccionado para esta enfermedad en Brasil. Los objetivos centrales son describir de forma temporal el comportamiento epidemiológico de la magnitud de casos de dengue en Brasil entre 2001 y 2020, y caracterizar el comportamiento del nuevo modelo predictivo propuesto. Tras llevar a cabo una revisión sistemática acerca de modelos predictivos de dengue e identificar las variables más utilizadas, se descargaron datos a partir de distintas plataformas oficiales, lo que permitió realizar una descripción epidemiológica de esta enfermedad en Brasil y ajustar una serie de modelos de regresión. Se identificó un patrón temporal en la dinámica de transmisión mensual del dengue que fue transformado en una variable numérica compatible con los modelos ajustados. Finalmente, se incorporó esta variable al mejor de los modelos ajustados, tras lo cual se evaluó nuevamente su valor predictivo. La macrozona más afectada por esta enfermedad fue la Centro-Oeste. Se observaron valores similares de incidencia entre ambos sexos. El rango etario más afectado corresponde al de 20-39 años. No se identificó un patrón claro en la incidencia del dengue según nivel educacional. La principal variable de interés (“dt”) resultó ser estadísticamente significativa (p<0.05), dando origen a un modelo que puede ser útil en el manejo de esta enfermedad en Brasil, sobre todo a escala nacional y a nivel de la macrozona Centro-Oeste. Esto, suponiendo que el patrón observado mantenga un comportamiento similar a lo largo del tiempo.
The Role of Bio-fortification in Enhancing the Nutritional Quality of Vegetables: A Review
Authors: Nagar Badri Lal , Thakur Satendra Singh , Goutam Pawan Kumar , Prajapati Pramod Kumar , Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Sandeep , Singh Rajat , Kumar Arun
Published: May 2024

Bio-fortification is a process that enhances the nutritional quality of crops, including vegetables, by increasing their micronutrient content. It can be achieved through different approaches such as agronomic, conventional breeding, and transgenic/biotechnological methods. Vegetables are known to be rich in micronutrients, vitamins, antioxidants, and other health-benefiting compounds, making them essential for a balanced diet. However, malnutrition and hidden hunger continue to be global challenges, particularly in developing countries. Micronutrient deficiencies, such as iron, zinc, iodine, and vitamin A, are prevalent in these populations. Conventional breeding focuses on selecting genotypes with desirable nutritional traits without compromising agricultural productivity. Transgenic/biotechnological approaches involve the synthesis of transgenes to enhance the bioavailability of micronutrients in plants. Bio-fortification of vegetables is particularly important as they are rich sources of micronutrients, vitamins, and other health-benefiting compounds. However, improving the nutritional quality of vegetables through conventional breeding has had limited success, and modern molecular tools and techniques offer potential for handling complex traits and developing nutrient-dense varieties. Bio-fortification offers a sustainable solution to address these deficiencies by increasing the nutrient content of crops, particularly plant-based foods. These techniques have shown promising results in increasing the concentration of nutrients, such as iron, in vegetables, thereby improving their nutritional quality.
Soil Arthropods: An Unsung Heroes of Soil Fertility
Authors: Kishore SM  , Priyadharshini TB  , Sowmya K.
Published: May 2024

Soils are crucial elements of ecosystems, and their fertility is maintained mainly by the actions of their living organisms. The fertility of soil depends on its ability to provide plants with vital nutrients needed for their growth and reproduction. Additionally, soil acts as a physical medium that facilitates root growth and respiration while also maintaining its structural integrity against erosive forces. Arthropods play a significant role in enhancing the decomposition of plant litter in two ways. Firstly, they directly turn it into their tissues. Secondly, they indirectly alter it physically and chemically, turning it into substrates that can further be decomposed. Termites have higher assimilation efficiencies compared to other soil arthropods, which means they can convert a greater proportion of ingested litter into biomass directly. On the other hand, collembola, oribatid, myriapods, and Isopoda contribute to nutrient cycling indirectly as secondary decomposers. They condition litter for further breakdown by the microflora through comminution and passage through the gut. Arthropods, such as insects, can create tunnels and burrows in soil, which help to allow air and water to penetrate deeper into the soil. These tunnels also help to mix organic materials into the upper layers of soil. In addition, arthropod faeces serve as the starting point for the creation of soil aggregates that are necessary for maintaining the soil structure and integrity. Soil arthropods play a crucial role in the formation of humus, which helps to retain water and nutrients in the soil. In addition, they provide important ecosystem services, including provisional, supporting, and regulating services. Unfortunately, these tiny creatures' contributions to the environment are often undervalued and neglected.
Unlocking Genetic Diversity and Germplasm Characterization with Molecular Markers: Strategies for Crop Improvement
Authors: Bunjkar Aniket , Walia Puneet , Sandal Sanjeet Singh
Published: May 2024

Molecular markers have emerged as the most useful tools in assessment of genetic diversity and characterizing germplasm, for crop improvement. This review paper comprehensively analyzes the applications of molecular markers in diversity analysis and germplasm characterization. It underscores the significance of genetic diversity as the bedrock for plant breeding programs, enabling the development of improved varieties with desirable attributes such as higher yields, stress tolerance, and enhanced nutritional profiles. The paper provides an overview of various types of molecular markers, including hybridization-based markers (e.g., RFLPs) and PCR-based markers (e.g., RAPDs, AFLPs, SSRs, and SNPs). It discusses marker selection strategies, emphasizing the consideration of factors like polymorphism, informativeness, and the potential for multiplexing and high-throughput genotyping. Diversity analysis techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis methods (UPGMA and Neighbor-Joining), and population structure analysis (model-based approaches like STRUCTURE), are detailed. These methods enable the assessment of genetic relationships, identification of subpopulations, and selection of diverse parents based on molecular marker data. The review further explores the applications of molecular markers in germplasm management, conservation, and utilization. It discusses the role of markers in targeted introgression of desirable traits from diverse sources, as well as the integration of genotypic and phenotypic data for association mapping, genomic prediction, and selection. Additionally, the paper addresses emerging technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the integration of molecular markers with other omics data. It also highlights the practical applications and impact of molecular markers in crop improvement programs, including marker-assisted selection (MAS), genomic selection, and the development of genetically modified crops. Finally, the review outlines challenges and future perspectives, including limitations0 of current technologies, the potential of emerging techniques like NGS, and the integration of molecular markers with other omics approaches for a comprehensive understanding of complex traits.
Anomaly-based Intrusion Detection System in Industrial IoT-Healthcare Environment Network
Authors: Rahman Md Maruf , Mim Mahrima Akter , Chakraborty Debashon , Joy Zihad Hasan , Nishat Nourin
Published: May 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology facilitates automation, monitoring, and control of tangible objects and surroundings by enabling connected devices to interact and exchange data over the Internet. Developments in edge computing, blockchain, and artificial intelligence (AI) are incorporated into IoT technologies for more reliable operations. Inadequate authorization, authentication, and encryption protocols could render IoT networks insecure and open the door to illegal access and data breaches which can have terrible consequences, most notably in the healthcare industry. In this regard, to identify malicious and incursion traffic, machine learning (ML) is crucial to Internet of Things (IoT) cybersecurity. The paper proposes a framework to detect intrusion or malicious traffic in IoT-enabled different medical equipment such as medical sensors, and controllers for real-time data collection, creating communication channels and data monitoring and analysis over locally available network nodes. IoT-Flock has been utilized for both normal and malicious traffic generation in a wide dataset found by the sensors connected to IoT integrated healthcare network. The feature selection-based proposed framework has been evaluated by three distinct machine learning classifiers, KNN, RF, and DT where corresponding accuracy, sensitivity, precision, and F1-score have been measured for performance analysis. With an accuracy of 99.74%, the KNN technique performed better than the other tactics used by RF and DT regarding intrusion detection in IoT networks. The suggested framework will be helpful in developing or analyzing security solutions in IoT-integrated network systems.
27 Mayıs Askeri Müdahalesi’nin Öncesi ve Sonrasında Tokat Basınının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Tekinsoy Betül
Published: May 2024

Demokrat Parti muhalefette olduğu yıllarda demokratikleşme vaatleri ve basının sorunlarını gidereceği söylemleriyle geniş kesimlerin desteğini almıştır. Ancak iktidara geldikten sonra icraatlarının eleştirilmeye başlanması, basınla olan iyi ilişkilerinin bozulmasına neden olmuştur. 27 Mayıs 1960’da gerçekleşen Askeri Müdahale genel olarak basın tarafından olumlu karşılanmıştır. Bu süreçte DP yanlısı basın organlarının bir kısmı MBK’nın faaliyetleri karşısında sessiz kalırken, ulusal basının önemli bir bölümü ise MBK’ya destek veren bir yayın politikası izlemiştir. Ulusal basının takındığı tutumun yerel basında da benzer şekilde tezahür ettiği görülmektedir. Askeri Müdahalenin gerçekleştiği 1960 yılına girilirken Tokat’ta yayınlanmakta olan iki gazete bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan Tokat Sesi gazetesi iktidarı destekleyen bir tutuma sahipken Tokat gazetesi ise yerelde basın alanında muhalefetin temsilcisi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Askeri Müdahale öncesinde DP’yi destekleyen Tokat Sesi gazetesi müdahale sonrasında MBK lehinde ve DP aleyhinde haberleri sütunlarına taşımıştır. Bu yönüyle müdahale sonrası Tokat Sesi ve Tokat gazetelerinin yayın politikasında ortak bir paydada buluştukları söylenebilir. Bu çalışma 1960 yılında Anadolu’nun orta büyüklükteki bir vilayet merkezinde yerel basının 27 Mayıs Askeri Müdahalesi öncesi ve sonrasındaki yayın politikalarının karşılaştırılması suretiyle nasıl bir değişim ve dönüşüm içerisine girdiklerini ortaya koymak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.
Sorunların Gölgesinde Bir Muallim Mektebi: Ayıntab Darülmuallimini
Authors: Çetin Sadık
Published: May 2024

Osmanlı maarifinin modernleşme sürecinin en önemli eksikliklerinden biri de çağın gerektirdiği donanımda muallimlerin yeterince bulunmamasıydı. Bu açığın giderilmesi için 1848 yılında darülmualliminler açılmaya başlanmıştır. Zamanla vilayet merkezlerinde sayıları artan bu okullar bazı liva merkezlerinde de tesis edilmiştir. Bu süreçte Ayıntab’da açılmış olan darülmuallimin mektebi her ne kadar kısa bir süre hayatiyetini devam ettirmiş olsa da Ayıntab eğitim tarihi açısından önemli bir eğitim kurumudur. Zira mektebin tarihçesinin yanında Halep Maarif Müdüriyeti ile mektep personeli arasında yaşananlar ve yapılan tahkikat maarif dünyasının farklı bir yönünü ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada Ayıntab Darülmuallimininin açılış süreci, muallim tayinleri, mektebin kapatılması sürecindeki bürokratik işleyişin yanında yapılan tahkikatlar çerçevesinde maarif bürokrasisi ile mektep personeli arasındaki ilişki ele alınmıştır. Mektebin kapatılmasında livalardaki darülmualliminlere ödenek ayrılmamasının yanında Halep maarif bürokrasisi ile mektep personeli arasındaki gerginliğin mektep eğitimine yansımaları etkili olmuştur.
Statistical Quality of Life
Authors: Mesbah Mounir
Published: March 2010

Health Related Quality of Life (HrQoL) is a latent variable, indirectly observed through individual responses to a set of questions (items) forming the HrQoL questionnaire. The first part of the paper is about its measurement which remains a complex issue. This measurement process is done via instruments (questionnaires) which are validated through the intermediary of some fundamental models, mainly based on unidimensionality principle and some specific conditional independence properties. We explain how these measurement models are statistically validated, and how measurements they provide must be statistically analyzed in studies involving other external variables. Finally, a few important recent issues in the field are presented.
Hot zones formation during regeneration of diesel particulate filters
Authors: Chen Kai , Martirosyan Karen S. , Luss Dan
Published: March 2010

A diesel particulate filter (DPF) is used to remove particulate matter (PM) from the diesel engine exhaust. The accumulated PM is periodically removed by combustion, which sometimes leads to excessive temperature excursions that melt the ceramic filter. This behavior cannot be explained by operation under stationary feed conditions. We propose that these temperature excursions are a dynamic effect following a rapid change in the driving mode while the DPF is being regenerated. Specifically, a rapid decrease in the exhaust temperature can lead to a counterintuitive large transient temperature rise above that which would exist under a higher stationary feed temperature. This unexpected behavior is similar to the well‐known wrong‐way behavior in packed‐bed reactors, even though the axial‐dependent flow through the filter in a DPF is rather different from the constant axial flow through a packed bed. We present simulations that provide insight about the dependence of the amplitude of this wrong‐way temperature rise on the filtration velocity, the PM loading, dimensions of the DPF, and the amplitude of the rapid temperature decrease and when it occurs after the start of the regeneration. The insight provided by these simulations will help develop operation and control protocols that circumvent or at least decrease the probability of the occurrence of the destructive melting of the DPF. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
The role of employers and supervisors in promoting pesticide safety behavior among florida farmworkers
Authors: Mayer Brian , Flocks Joan , Monaghan Paul
Published: March 2010

Background

Farmworkers in Florida's nursery and fernery industries have an elevated risk of exposure to chemical pesticides due to the enclosed nature of their workplaces and their close contact with pesticide‐treated plant material. Farmworkers' beliefs about chemical exposures and their perception of employer's or supervisor's valuing of safety may limit the practice of workplace hygiene.

Methods

Three hundred eighty‐two surveys from workers in the nursery and fernery industries in North Central Florida were collected as part of the Together for Agricultural Safety (TAS) Project from 1999–2001. Univariate analyses and multivariate Ordinary Least Squares regression are used to examine the role of individual and structural characteristics on handwashing practices.

Results

Workplace practices such as the provision of written notices of recent pesticide application and the provision of convenient handwashing facilities are important predictors of workplace hygiene. Although farmworker attitudes and beliefs towards the utility of such practices and potential hazards are associated with behavior, they are less significant than the structural variables.

Conclusions

In order for farmworkers to engage in safety behavior that will protect their health, they must be adequately instructed and supported by employers and/or supervisors. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:814–824, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonfatal construction industry‐related injuries treated in hospital emergency departments in the United States, 1998–2005
Authors: Schoenfisch Ashley L. , Lipscomb Hester J. , Shishlov Kirill , Myers Douglas J.
Published: March 2010

Background

This study documented the burden of nonfatal construction industry work‐related injuries treated in hospital emergency departments in the United States (US) from 1998 through 2005 and described injured worker demographics and injury characteristics.

Methods

Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System work‐related injury supplement (NEISS‐Work) were used to identify and describe construction industry‐related injuries. Rates were estimated using data from the Current Population Survey.

Results

An estimated 3,216,800 (95% CI 2,241,400–4,192,200) construction industry‐related injuries were seen in US emergency departments during the 8‐year period; this represented an injury rate of 410/10,000 full‐time equivalents and suggests that there are a greater number of construction injuries than reported through the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (BLS SOII). Common characteristics included diagnoses of laceration, sprain/strain, and contusion/abrasion; events of contact with an object/equipment, bodily reaction/exertion, and falls; and sources of injury of parts/materials; structures/surfaces; and tools/instruments/equipment. The upper extremities were most often affected.

Conclusions

These data highlight the high burden of nonfatal construction industry‐related injuries. The limitations of national occupational injury data sources inherent in relying on OSHA logs highlight the utility of NEISS‐Work data in occupational injury research. While data captured from emergency departments are not immune to factors that influence whether a worker or an employer reports an injury as work‐related or files a workers' compensation claim, emergency department data as collected through NEISS‐Work do not rely on employer involvement in order to be classified as work‐related. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53: 570–580, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case–control association study of TGOLN2 in attempted suicide
Authors: Mahon Pamela B. , Stütz Adrian M. , Seifuddin Fayaz , Huo Yuqing , Goes Fernando S. , Jancic Dubravka , Judy Jennifer T. , DePaulo J. Raymond , Gershon Elliot S. , McMahon Francis J. , Zandi Peter P. , Potash James B. , Willour Virginia L.
Published: March 2010

Family, twin, and adoption studies provide convincing evidence for a genetic contribution to suicidal behavior. The heritability for suicidal behavior depends in part on the transmission of psychiatric disorders, such as mood disorders and substance use disorders, but is also partly independent of them. Three linkage studies using the attempted suicide phenotype in pedigrees with bipolar disorder, major depression, or alcoholism have provided consistent evidence that 2p11‐12 harbors a susceptibility gene for attempted suicide. A microarray expression study using postmortem brain samples has implicated a gene from the 2p11‐12 candidate region, the trans‐Golgi network protein 2 (TGOLN2) gene, as being consistently up‐regulated in suicide cases as compared to controls. Here, we present a TGOLN2 case–control association study using nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These nine SNPs, which include seven tag SNPs and two coding SNPs, have been genotyped in 517 mood disorder subjects with a history of attempted suicide and 515 normal controls. Allelic and genotypic analyses of the case–control sample did not provide evidence for association with the attempted suicide phenotype. Eight of the nine SNPs provided supportive evidence for association (P‐values ranging from 0.008 to 0.03) when we compared the attempted suicide cases with a history of alcoholism to the attempted suicide cases without a history of alcoholism. However, this association finding was not replicated in an independent sample. Taken together, these analyses do not provide support for the hypothesis that common genetic variation in TGOLN2 contributes significantly to the risk for attempted suicide in subjects with major mood disorders. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.