bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Effective, Versatile, and Inexpensive Device for Oxygen Uptake Measurement
Authors: Bénit Paule , Chrétien Dominique , Porceddu Mathieu , Yanicostas Constantin , Rak Malgorzata , Rustin Pierre
Published: June 2017

In the last ten years, the use of fluorescent probes developed to measure oxygen has resulted in several marketed devices, some unreasonably expensive and with little flexibility. We have explored the use of the effective, versatile, and inexpensive Redflash technology to determine oxygen uptake by a number of different biological samples using various layouts. This technology relies on the use of an optic fiber equipped at its tip with a membrane coated with a fluorescent dye (www.pyro-science.com). This oxygen-sensitive dye uses red light excitation and lifetime detection in the near infrared. So far, the use of this technology has mostly been used to determine oxygen concentration in open spaces for environmental studies, especially in aquatic media. The oxygen uptake determined by the device can be easily assessed in small volumes of respiration medium and combined with the measurement of additional parameters, such as lactate excretion by intact cells or the membrane potential of purified mitochondria. We conclude that the performance of by this technology should make it a first choice in the context of both fundamental studies and investigations for respiratory chain deficiencies in human samples.
Mode of Infection of Metarhizium spp. Fungus and Their Potential as Biological Control Agents
Authors: Aw Kimberly Moon San , Hue Seow Mun
Published: June 2017

Chemical insecticides have been commonly used to control agricultural pests, termites, and biological vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks. However, the harmful impacts of toxic chemical insecticides on the environment, the development of resistance in pests and vectors towards chemical insecticides, and public concern have driven extensive research for alternatives, especially biological control agents such as fungus and bacteria. In this review, the mode of infection of Metarhizium fungus on both terrestrial and aquatic insect larvae and how these interactions have been widely employed will be outlined. The potential uses of Metarhizium anisopliae and Metarhizium acridum biological control agents and molecular approaches to increase their virulence will be discussed.
Preparation of Superhydrophobic Film on Ti Substrate and Its Anticorrosion Property
Authors: Zhu Min , Tang Wenchuan , Huang Luyao , Zhang Dawei , Du Cuiwei , Yu Gaohong , Chen Ming , Chowwanonthapunya Thee
Published: June 2017

Superhydrophobic films were fabricated on a titanium substrate with or without anodizing by using a self-assembling method. Firstly, the pretreatments of mechanical polishing/anodizing or mechanical polishing only were conducted, respectively. Subsequently, the preparation of polydopamine film layer, deposition of nano-silver particles, and post modification of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanethiol were performed on the surface of the pretreated substrate. The surface morphologies, compositions, wettability, and corrosion resistance of the films were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), water contact angle measurements, and electrochemical tests, respectively. Meanwhile, the effect of the deposition time in the silver nitrate solution on the hydrophobicity of the specimen surface was investigated. The result showed that with the increase of deposition time, the hydrophobic property enhanced gradually. The surface deposited for 7 h exhibited an optimum hydrophobic effect, which was characterized with a large water contact angle (WCA) of 154°, and the surface was rather rough and covered by a relatively uniform layer of micro-nano silver particles. The excellent hydrophobicity was attributed to a rough stratified microstructure along with the low surface energy. The electrochemical measurements showed that the existence of the superhydrophobic film can effectively enhance the corrosion resistance of Ti samples.
Kinetics of Roasting Decomposition of the Rare Earth Elements by CaO and Coal
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Yang He , Xue Xiang-Xin , Zhou Yan
Published: June 2017

The roasting method of magnetic tailing mixed with CaO and coal was used to recycle the rare earth elements (REE) in magnetic tailing. The phase transformation and decomposition process were researched during the roasting processes. The results showed that the decomposition processes of REE in magnetic tailing were divided into two steps. The first step from 380 to 431 °C mainly entailed the decomposition of bastnaesite (REFCO3). The second step from 605 to 716 °C mainly included the decomposition of monazite (REPO4). The decomposition products were primarily RE2O3, Ce0.75Nd0.25O1.875, CeO2, Ca5F(PO4)3, and CaF2. Adding CaO could reduce the decomposition temperature of REFCO3 and REPO4. Meanwhile, the decomposition effect of CaO on bastnaesite and monazite was significant. Besides, the effects of the roasting time, roasting temperature, and CaO addition level on the decomposition rate were studied. The optimum technological conditions were a roasting time of 60 min; roasting temperature of 750 °C; and CaO addition level of 20% (w/w). The maximum decomposition rate of REFCO3 and REPO4 was 99.87%. The roasting time and temperature were the major factors influencing the decomposition rate. The kinetics process of the decomposition of REFCO3 and REPO4 accorded with the interfacial reaction kinetics model. The reaction rate controlling steps were divided into two steps. The first step (at low temperature) was controlled by a chemical reaction with an activation energy of 52.67 kJ/mol. The second step (at high temperature) was controlled by diffusion with an activation energy of 8.5 kJ/mol.
Chiral Orientation of Skeletal Muscle Cells Requires Rigid Substrate
Authors: Zhu Ninghao , Kwong Hoi , Bao Yuanye , Chen Ting-Hsuan
Published: June 2017

Reconstitution of tissue morphology with inherent left–right (LR) asymmetry is essential for tissue/organ functions. For skeletal muscle, the largest tissue in mammalian organisms, successful myogenesis requires the regulation of the LR asymmetry to form the appropriate muscle alignment. However, the key factor for reproducing the LR asymmetry of skeletal tissues in a controllable, engineering context remains largely unknown. Recent reports indicate that cell chirality may underlie the LR development in tissue morphogenesis. Here, we report that a rigid substrate is required for the chirality of skeletal muscle cells. By using alternating micropatterned cell-adherent and cell-repellent stripes on a rigid substrate, we found that C2C12 skeletal muscle myoblasts exhibited a unidirectional tilted orientation with respect to the stripe boundary. Importantly, such chiral orientation was reduced when soft substrates were used instead. In addition, we demonstrated the key role of actin stress fibers in the formation of the chiral orientation. This study reveals that a rigid substrate is required for the chiral pattern of myoblasts, paving the way for reconstructing damaged muscle tissue with inherent LR asymmetry in the future.
“Z”-Shaped Rotational Au/Pt Micro-Nanorobot
Authors: Chen Kai , Gu Chenyi , Yang Zhan , Nakajima Masahiro , Chen Tao , Fukuda Toshio
Published: June 2017

Drug delivery, minimally-invasive surgery, and a hospital-in-the-body are highly desirable for meeting the rapidly growing needs of nanorobot. This paper reports a Z-shaped gold/platinum (Au/Pt) hybrid nanorobot which realizes the self-rotational movement without an external force field. The Z-shaped Au/Pt hybrid nanorobot was fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB) and plasma sputtering. The purity of the nanorobot was tested by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). The weight percentage of Pt and Au at the tip were 94.28% and 5.72%, respectively. The weight percentage of Pt and Au at the bottom were 17.39% and 82.75%, respectively. The size of the nanorobot was 2.58 × 10−16 m2 and the mass of the nanorobot was 8.768 × 10−8 kg. The driving force of the nanorobot was 9.76 × 10−14 N at the 6.9% concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution. The rotation speed was 13 rpm, 14 rpm, and 19 rpm at 5.6%, 6.2%, and 7.8% concentrations, respectively.
Integral Design Methodology of Photocatalytic Reactors for Air Pollution Remediation
Authors: Passalía Claudio , Alfano Orlando , Brandi Rodolfo
Published: June 2017

An integral reactor design methodology was developed to address the optimal design of photocatalytic wall reactors to be used in air pollution control. For a target pollutant to be eliminated from an air stream, the proposed methodology is initiated with a mechanistic derived reaction rate. The determination of intrinsic kinetic parameters is associated with the use of a simple geometry laboratory scale reactor, operation under kinetic control and a uniform incident radiation flux, which allows computing the local superficial rate of photon absorption. Thus, a simple model can describe the mass balance and a solution may be obtained. The kinetic parameters may be estimated by the combination of the mathematical model and the experimental results. The validated intrinsic kinetics obtained may be directly used in the scaling-up of any reactor configuration and size. The bench scale reactor may require the use of complex computational software to obtain the fields of velocity, radiation absorption and species concentration. The complete methodology was successfully applied to the elimination of airborne formaldehyde. The kinetic parameters were determined in a flat plate reactor, whilst a bench scale corrugated wall reactor was used to illustrate the scaling-up methodology. In addition, an optimal folding angle of the corrugated reactor was found using computational fluid dynamics tools.
Letter to the Editor Re: McClure et al. Nutrients 2017, 9, 95
Authors: Itkonen Suvi , Lamberg-Allardt Christel
Published: June 2017

Dear Editor, We read with interest the recently published paper by McClure et al. [1] that reports trends in intake and primary sources of dietary phosphorus in the NHANES data for the period 2001–2014.[...]
A High-Protein Diet Reduces Weight Gain, Decreases Food Intake, Decreases Liver Fat Deposition, and Improves Markers of Muscle Metabolism in Obese Zucker Rats
Authors: French William , Dridi Sami , Shouse Stephanie , Wu Hexirui , Hawley Aubree , Lee Sun-Ok , Gu Xuan , Baum Jamie
Published: June 2017

A primary factor in controlling and preventing obesity is through dietary manipulation. Diets higher in protein have been shown to improve body composition and metabolic health during weight loss. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a high-protein diet versus a moderate-protein diet on muscle, liver and fat metabolism and glucose regulation using the obese Zucker rat. Twelve-week old, male, Zucker (fa/fa) and lean control (Fa/fa) rats were randomly assigned to either a high-protein (40% energy) or moderate-protein (20% energy) diet for 12 weeks, with a total of four groups: lean 20% protein (L20; n = 8), lean 40% protein (L40; n = 10), obese 20% protein (O20; n = 8), and obese 40% protein (O40; n = 10). At the end of 12 weeks, animals were fasted and euthanized. There was no difference in food intake between L20 and L40. O40 rats gained less weight and had lower food intake (p < 0.05) compared to O20. O40 rats had lower liver weight (p < 0.05) compared to O20. However, O40 rats had higher orexin (p < 0.05) levels compared to L20, L40 and O20. Rats in the L40 and O40 groups had less liver and muscle lipid deposition compared to L20 and L40 diet rats, respectively. O40 had decreased skeletal muscle mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) phosphorylation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) mRNA expression compared to O20 (p < 0.05), with no difference in 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1), protein kinase B (Akt) or p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) phosphorylation. The data suggest that high-protein diets have the potential to reduce weight gain and alter metabolism, possibly through regulation of an mTORC1-dependent pathway in skeletal muscle.
A Reliable Data Transmission Model for IEEE 802.15.4e Enabled Wireless Sensor Network under WiFi Interference
Authors: Sahoo Prasan , Pattanaik Sudhir , Wu Shih-Lin
Published: June 2017

The IEEE 802.15.4e standard proposes Medium Access Control (MAC) to support collision-free wireless channel access mechanisms for industrial, commercial and healthcare applications. However, unnecessary wastage of energy and bandwidth consumption occur due to inefficient backoff management and collisions. In this paper, a new channel access mechanism is designed for the buffer constraint sensor devices to reduce the packet drop rate, energy consumption and collisions. In order to avoid collision due to the hidden terminal problem, a new frame structure is designed for the data transmission. A new superframe structure is proposed to mitigate the problems due to WiFi and ZigBee interference. A modified superframe structure with a new retransmission opportunity for failure devices is proposed to reduce the collisions and retransmission delay with high reliability. Performance evaluation and validation of our scheme indicate that the packet drop rate, throughput, reliability, energy consumption and average delay of the nodes can be improved significantly.
A Multi-Step Approach to Assess the Lifecycle Economic Impact of Seismic Risk on Optimal Energy Retrofit
Authors: Mauro Gerardo , Menna Costantino , Vitiello Umberto , Asprone Domenico , Ascione Fabrizio , Bianco Nicola , Prota Andrea , Vanoli Giuseppe
Published: June 2017

Most European buildings built before 1980s were constructed without any design concern for energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. In addition to this issue, over the last decades, the essential need of safer buildings has progressively attracted the interest of scientific community and government institutions. However, the strong interaction between energy and structural aspects in building retrofit design has never been handled via robust and reliable approaches. The present study explores this knowledge gap by introducing a novel multi-step approach that addresses the retrofit of existing buildings by integrating energy, structural and economic aspects. To this end, a multi-stage energy optimization is carried out by implementing a genetic algorithm and a smart research strategy. Thus, the cost-optimal energy retrofit solution is identified and the impact of the expected economic losses due to seismic damage is assessed throughout the building lifecycle. The methodology is applied to a multi-story residential building, considering the effects of two different building locations, namely Milan and Norcia. These latter are characterized by similar climatic conditions but by a different level of seismic risk, which is higher for Norcia. The outcomes show that the estimated seismic economic losses associated with the energy retrofit solutions are strongly affected by the building location. Thus, the selection of the optimal energy retrofit measures should be related to the building structural behavior in order to achieve reliable economic and sustainability benefits.
Streamflow Forecasting Using Empirical Wavelet Transform and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Peng Tian , Zhou Jianzhong , Zhang Chu , Fu Wenlong
Published: June 2017

Accurate and reliable streamflow forecasting plays an important role in various aspects of water resources management such as reservoir scheduling and water supply. This paper shows the development of a novel hybrid model for streamflow forecasting and demonstrates its efficiency. In the proposed hybrid model for streamflow forecasting, the empirical wavelet transform (EWT) is firstly employed to eliminate the redundant noises from the original streamflow series. Secondly, the partial autocorrelation function (PACF) values are explored to identify the inputs for the artificial neural network (ANN) models. Thirdly, the weights and biases of the ANN architecture are tuned and optimized by the multi-verse optimizer (MVO) algorithm. Finally, the simulated streamflow is obtained using the well-trained MVO-ANN model. The proposed hybrid model has been applied to annual streamflow observations from four hydrological stations in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, China. Parallel experiments using non-denoising models, the back propagation neural network (BPNN) and the ANN optimized by the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO-ANN) have been designed and conducted to compare with the proposed model. Results obtained from this study indicate that the proposed hybrid model can capture the nonlinear characteristics of the streamflow time series and thus provides more accurate forecasting results.
Increasing Genomic‐Enabled Prediction Accuracy by Modeling Genotype × Environment Interactions in Kansas Wheat
Authors: Jarquín Diego , Lemes da Silva Cristiano , Gaynor R. Chris , Poland Jesse , Fritz Allan , Howard Reka , Battenfield Sarah , Crossa Jose
Published: June 2017

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs test experimental lines in multiple locations over multiple years to get an accurate assessment of grain yield and yield stability. Selections in early generations of the breeding pipeline are based on information from only one or few locations and thus materials are advanced with little knowledge of the genotype × environment interaction (G × E) effects. Later, large trials are conducted in several locations to assess the performance of more advanced lines across environments. Genomic selection (GS) models that include G × E covariates allow us to borrow information not only from related materials, but also from historical and correlated environments to better predict performance within and across specific environments. We used reaction norm models with several cross‐validation schemes to demonstrate the increased breeding efficiency of Kansas State University's hard red winter wheat breeding program. The GS reaction norm models line effect (L) + environment effect (E), L + E + genotype environment (G), and L + E + G + (G × E) effects) showed high accuracy values (>0.4) when predicting the yield performance in untested environments, sites or both. The GS model L + E + G + (G × E) presented the highest prediction ability (r = 0.54) when predicting yield in incomplete field trials for locations with a moderate number of lines. The difficulty of predicting future years (forward prediction) is indicated by the relatively low accuracy (r = 0.171) seen even when environments with 300+ lines were included.
ALIEN NEIGHBOURS: FOREIGNERS IN CONTEMPORARY SHANGHAI
Authors: DE GIORGI Laura
Published: June 2017

One distinctive facet of Shanghai’s cosmopolitanism and openness to the outer world is the foreign presence in the city. Partially reviving the myth of the old pre-1949 Shanghai, in the last twenty years Shanghai has become again a pole of attraction for foreign migrants, and it actually hosts one of the most numerous community of residents of alien nationality in the People’s Republic of China. Drawing from sociological and ethnological literature, from official reports and media coverage of the topic, this paper overviews the impact of foreign communities in Shanghai and investigates how Shanghai local migration policies and media discourse shape the meaning of this phenomenon with respect to the definition of Shanghai’s identity as a globalizing and a Chinese metropolis as well.
Observational Signatures of a Kink-unstable Coronal Flux Rope Using Hinode/EIS
Authors: Snow B. , Botha G. J. J. , Régnier S. , Morton R. J. , Verwichte E. , Young P. R.
Published: June 2017

The signatures of energy release and energy transport for a kink-unstable coronal flux rope are investigated via forward modeling. Synthetic intensity and Doppler maps are generated from a 3D numerical simulation. The CHIANTI database is used to compute intensities for three Hinode/EIS emission lines that cover the thermal range of the loop. The intensities and Doppler velocities at simulation-resolution are spatially degraded to the Hinode/EIS pixel size (1″), convolved using a Gaussian point-spread function (3″), and exposed for a characteristic time of 50 s. The synthetic images generated for rasters (moving slit) and sit-and-stare (stationary slit) are analyzed to find the signatures of the twisted flux and the associated instability. We find that there are several qualities of a kink-unstable coronal flux rope that can be detected observationally using Hinode/EIS, namely the growth of the loop radius, the increase in intensity toward the radial edge of the loop, and the Doppler velocity following an internal twisted magnetic field line. However, EIS cannot resolve the small, transient features present in the simulation, such as sites of small-scale reconnection (e.g., nanoflares).
Non-Maxwellian Analysis of the Transition-region Line Profiles Observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph
Authors: Dudík Jaroslav , Polito Vanessa , Dzifčáková Elena , Zanna Giulio Del , Testa Paola
Published: June 2017

We investigate the nature of the spectral line profiles for transition-region (TR) ions observed with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). In this context, we analyzed an active-region observation performed by IRIS in its 1400 Å spectral window. The TR lines are found to exhibit significant wings in their spectral profiles, which can be well fitted with a non-Maxwellian κ distribution. The fit with a κ distribution can perform better than a double-Gaussian fit, especially for the strongest line, Si iv 1402.8 Å. Typical values of κ found are about 2, occurring in a majority of spatial pixels where the TR lines are symmetric, i.e., the fit can be performed. Furthermore, all five spectral lines studied (from Si iv, O iv, and S iv) appear to have the same full-width at half-maximum irrespective of whether the line is an allowed or an intercombination transition. A similar value of κ is obtained for the electron distribution by the fitting of the line intensities relative to Si iv 1402.8 Å, if photospheric abundances are assumed. The κ distributions, however, do not remove the presence of non-thermal broadening. Instead, they actually increase the non-thermal width. This is because, for κ distributions, TR ions are formed at lower temperatures. The large observed non-thermal width lowers the opacity of the Si iv line sufficiently enough for this line to become optically thin.
Recombining Plasma and Gamma-Ray Emission in the Mixed-morphology Supernova Remnant 3C 400.2
Authors: Ergin T. , Sezer A. , Sano H. , Yamazaki R. , Fukui Y.
Published: June 2017

3C 400.2 belongs to the mixed-morphology supernova remnant class, showing center-filled X-ray and shell-like radio morphology. We present a study of 3C 400.2 with archival Suzaku and Fermi-LAT observations. We find recombining plasma (RP) in the Suzaku spectra of north–east and south–east regions. The spectra of these regions are well described by two-component thermal plasma models: the hard component is in RP, while the soft component is in collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) conditions. The RP has enhanced abundances, indicating that the X-ray emission has an ejecta origin, while the CIE has solar abundances associated with the interstellar material. The X-ray spectra of north–west and south–west regions are best fitted by a two-component thermal plasma model: an ionizing and a CIE plasma. We have detected GeV gamma-ray emission from 3C 400.2 at the level of ∼5σ, assuming a point-like source model with a power-law (PL) type spectrum. We have also detected a new GeV source at the level of ∼13σ, assuming a Gaussian extension model with a PL-type spectrum in the neighborhood of the supernova remnant. We report the analysis results of 3C 400.2 and the new extended gamma-ray source, and discuss the nature of gamma-ray emission of 3C 400.2 in the context of existing NANTEN CO data, Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory H i data, and the Suzaku X-ray analysis results.
Revisiting Optical Tidal Disruption Events with iPTF16axa
Authors: Hung T. , Gezari S. , Blagorodnova N. , Roth N. , Cenko S. B. , Kulkarni S. R. , Horesh A. , Arcavi I. , McCully C. , Yan Lin , Lunnan R. , Fremling C. , Cao Y. , Nugent P. E. , Wozniak P.
Published: June 2017

We report the discovery by the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) of a candidate tidal disruption event (TDE) iPTF16axa at z = 0.108 and present its broadband photometric and spectroscopic evolution from three months of follow-up observations with ground-based telescopes and Swift. The light curve is well fitted with a t
−5/3 decay, and we constrain the rise time to peak to be <49 rest-frame days after disruption, which is roughly consistent with the fallback timescale expected for the ∼5 × 106
M
⊙ black hole inferred from the stellar velocity dispersion of the host galaxy. The UV and optical spectral energy distribution is well described by a constant blackbody temperature of T ∼ 3 × 104 K over the monitoring period, with an observed peak luminosity of 1.1 × 1044 erg s−1. The optical spectra are characterized by a strong blue continuum and broad He ii and Hα lines, which are characteristic of TDEs. We compare the photometric and spectroscopic signatures of iPTF16axa with 11 TDE candidates in the literature with well-sampled optical light curves. Based on a single-temperature fit to the optical and near-UV photometry, most of these TDE candidates have peak luminosities confined between log(L [erg s−1]) = 43.4–44.4, with constant temperatures of a few ×104 K during their power-law declines, implying blackbody radii on the order of 10 times the tidal disruption radius, that decrease monotonically with time. For TDE candidates with hydrogen and helium emission, the high helium-to-hydrogen ratios suggest that the emission arises from high-density gas, where nebular arguments break down. We find no correlation between the peak luminosity and the black hole mass, contrary to the expectations for TDEs to have

.
Hierarchical Star Formation in Turbulent Media: Evidence from Young Star Clusters
Authors: Grasha K. , Elmegreen B. G. , Calzetti D. , Adamo A. , Aloisi A. , Bright S. N. , Cook D. O. , Dale D. A. , Fumagalli M. , Gallagher III J. S. , Gouliermis D. A. , Grebel E. K. , Kahre L. , Kim H. , Krumholz M. R. , Lee J. C. , Messa M. , Ryon J. E. , Ubeda L.
Published: June 2017

We present an analysis of the positions and ages of young star clusters in eight local galaxies to investigate the connection between the age difference and separation of cluster pairs. We find that star clusters do not form uniformly but instead are distributed so that the age difference increases with the cluster pair separation to the 0.25–0.6 power, and that the maximum size over which star formation is physically correlated ranges from ∼200 pc to ∼1 kpc. The observed trends between age difference and separation suggest that cluster formation is hierarchical both in space and time: clusters that are close to each other are more similar in age than clusters born further apart. The temporal correlations between stellar aggregates have slopes that are consistent with predictions of turbulence acting as the primary driver of star formation. The velocity associated with the maximum size is proportional to the galaxy’s shear, suggesting that the galactic environment influences the maximum size of the star-forming structures.
Répétition et liaison de l’excitation : de la répétition de l’identique à la répétition du même
Authors: Danon-Boileau Laurent
Published: June 2017

En partant du double aspect de la répétition tel que M. de M’Uzan le décrit, l’auteur tente de répondre à une question fondamentale en clinique infantile de l’autisme : comment passer d’une répétition à l’identique, immuable, stérile à une répétition du même où la nuance et le mouvement sont tolérés par l’enfant et l’engagent dans un processus de symbolisation ? Partant de la production stéréotypée de l’enfant, il évoque des propositions thérapeutiques basées sur le jeu pour introduire une variation féconde dans la relation de l’enfant avec son environnement. S’inspirant du format de J. Bruner ou de la qualité de déformabilité du médium malléable, l’auteur insiste sur la qualité de la réponse du thérapeute qui sous certaines conditions peut soutenir l’enfant dans l’acceptation de la variation et l’accompagne alors sur le chemin de la symbolisation.
Le contre-transfert soignant à l’épreuve de la répétition
Authors: Monné Dao Luc
Published: June 2017

L’institution hospitalière comme lieu de vie et de soin n’est pas exempte de ce qui fonde notre humanité. Ainsi est-elle toujours prise entre des mouvements d’amour, de haine et de répétition, mouvements renforcés par ce qu’implique la rencontre avec la folie au sens large du terme. Dans ce contexte clinique, le corps soignant est mis à l’épreuve dans ses potentialités de fantasmatisation et peut se trouver engagé dans une lutte antidépressive qui obère ses capacités de rêverie. À partir d’un travail de supervision, auprès d’une équipe prise dans ces mouvements, étalé sur quatre années, l’auteur montre comment cette démarche clinique a permis d’ouvrir un espace de figuration des mouvements en jeu ; comment il a pu être possible de mettre en lumière que, derrière le sentiment de répétition à l’identique, c’est surtout de la répétition d’une violence des origines qu’il s’agit. L’auteur prend appui dans ses réflexions sur l’approche groupale en institution à partir notamment des travaux de D. Anzieu et R. Kaës.
L’au-delà du principe de plaisir dans la répétition transgénérationnelle
Authors: Escudié Marie
Published: June 2017

Dans cet article l’auteure investigue la question de la répétition à partir de différentes approches, développementales et psychanalytiques, afin de penser les diverses formes que peut prendre la répétition. La réflexion se porte notamment sur la répétition transgénérationnelle afin d’interroger son au-delà du principe de plaisir. Pour cela, l’auteure s’appuie sur deux cas cliniques qui permettent d’envisager de quelle manière l’événement qui « fait trou dans l’histoire » se répète. Ces investigations éclairent les différents processus psychiques à l’œuvre dans la répétition transgénérationnelle.
Avant-propos
Authors: Poirson Martial , Spielmann Guy
Published: June 2017

La « théâtromanie » généralement imputée au 18 e siècle cache un phénomène plus diffus et complexe, où l’intuition que le spectacle est un mode opératoire normal de la vie sociale se conjugue à la tentation de cultiver cette propriété jusqu’à l’extrême que constituerait la « théâtrocratie », fondée sur l’omniprésence du théâtre au sein de l’espace public. Situé à la croisée des pratiques sociales, artistiques, culturelles et intellectuelles, l’univers du spectacle apparaît comme un paradigme susceptible de rendre compte d’une sphère publique en cours de reconfiguration. Cette société en spectacle est donc indéniablement une société de spectacle, c’est-à-dire parfaitement consciente de la dimension structurante du spectacle, dont les dérives mass médiatique de notre époque ne représentent, en définitive, qu’une excroissance.
Scénographie pour société moderne. La salle de spectacle du faubourg Saint-Germain
Authors: Volle Hadrien
Published: June 2017

Cet article observe le renversement entre la salle et la scène à l’aune de l’architecture et de la décoration afin de souligner comment ces éléments sont utilisés par les spectateurs à des fins de représentation sociale au 18 e siècle. Outre la documentation iconographique, cette étude recourt aux témoignages et à la presse afin de mettre en lumière les jeux de regards inhérents à un environnement exceptionnel – la salle de spectacle – et néanmoins quotidien et régulier.
Le spectacle est dans la salle. Siffler n’est pas jouer
Authors: Poirson Martial
Published: June 2017

La porosité entre plateau et édifice théâtral est totale et réversible au 18 e siècle. La salle de spectacle est le champ de manœuvre d’un affrontement entre différentes catégories de spectateurs qui se disputent l’attention et cherchent à conquérir un espace public structuré par la représentation. Neutraliser le tumulte, voire les fureurs de la salle devient, dans le dernier tiers du 18 e siècle, une véritable obsession, aussi bien pour les observateurs, chroniqueurs et journalistes que les auteurs, comédiens et théoriciens du théâtre. Soucieux d’assurer une certaine intégrité à l’œuvre et une relative autonomie à l’artiste, ils souhaitent surtout focaliser l’intérêt d’un spectateur considéré comme dissipé ou perturbateur, quitte à lui faire perdre toute possibilité d’interaction et par conséquent, à priver le peuple d’un des rares espaces symboliques d’expression qui lui soient offerts sous l’Ancien Régime. L’enjeu est donc, à travers ce débat essentiel, de confisquer au public une puissance d’affirmation politique et esthétique nouvellement acquise, en qualité de juge en dernier ressort de la représentation.
L’individualité contre le spectacle social, conflit du théâtre allemand des Lumières
Authors: Jobez Romain
Published: June 2017

La réforme du théâtre allemand au 18 e siècle est généralement considérée comme témoignage de l’émergence d’une sensibilité bourgeoise en réaction au modèle culturel dominant portant les valeurs aristocratiques françaises. Or cette réforme repose sur un certain nombre de contradictions qui témoignent de l’incapacité de la société allemande des Lumières à se penser d’un point de vue spectaculaire. L’article se propose de montrer comment la représentation théâtrale thématise ces contradictions grâce à sa dimension spectaculaire, que les réformateurs tentent pourtant d’occulter, car elle met à jour les impasses de la société éclairée.
Les spectacles équestres, vecteur de transferts culturels européens. Vers une société de loisirs
Authors: Roche Daniel
Published: June 2017

On conçoit la diversité des questions posées aux Encyclopédistes, dont les intérêts sont ceux d’une culture équestre placée sous le signe de la distinction politique et sociale héritée de la Renaissance et des société absolutistes, et dont les hiérarchies se déplacent avec les transformations et les modes venues d’ailleurs et plus particulièrement de l’Angleterre. Les spectacles de tradition se complètent avec les manifestations nouvelles que l’avenir verra s’imposer de manière définitive : les courses de chevaux réglementaires et les cirques.
Divertissements raisonnables et leçons à la mode : spectacles scientifiques publics en Grande-Bretagne
Authors: Redeker Milbourne Chelsea , Spielmann Guy
Published: June 2017

De nombreux spectacles scientifiques se donnaient en Grande-Bretagne tout au long du 18 e siècle, offrant de nouvelles expériences sensorielles qui souvent se prévalaient d’une mission éducative sur les merveilles de la nature. Les manifestations et les auditoires se situant en marge des démonstrations publiques présentent un intérêt particulier, car les vulgarisateurs scientifiques reconnaissaient le pouvoir d’attraction des foules et tentaient de l’exploiter dans la mise en scène de leurs propres spectacles, en canalisant les réactions prévisibles d’une partie des spectateurs à la manière dont les comédiens et les auteurs de théâtre employaient une claque. Cette pratique répond à celles des nombreux ouvrages qui présentent une information scientifique sous forme de dialogue plaisant. L’étude de ces procédés ne permet toutefois pas toujours de décider s’ils sont destinés à disséminer le savoir au plus grand nombre, ou au contraire à souligner l’ésotérisme de la vraie science.
Théâtromanie, dramatocratie, société de spectacle. Une analyse alternative de l’histoire des spectacles
Authors: Yon Jean-Claude
Published: June 2017

En réfléchissant sur l’articulation des concepts de « théâtromanie », de « dramatocratie » et de « société du spectacle », cet article, écrit par un spécialiste d’histoire culturelle du 19 e siècle, propose une autre façon de penser l’histoire des spectacles en France depuis le 18 e siècle. Appuyée sur l’analyse de la « dramatocratie » puis sur celle du passage de celle-ci à la « société du spectacle », la réflexion engagée ici se veut avant tout un plaidoyer en faveur de la variété des approches et du pragmatisme méthodologique. Entre 1789 et la Belle Époque s’instaure une relation homologique entre théâtre et politique dont la dramatocratie est susceptible d’offrir une tentative de conceptualisation.
Se réveiller de son sommeil érotique. L’expérience de Dom Bougre
Authors: Sultan Élise
Published: June 2017

Dans l’ Histoire de Dom B*** , sous forme d’une pseudo-autobiographie, un libertin se repent du mode de vie dissolu de sa jeunesse dont il livre, en passant, un récit très détaillé. Ce cadre narratif accorde une place privilégiée à l’expérience. Voie pratique d’accès à la connaissance, elle seule est à même de convertir au libertinage et d’en détourner. En agissant dans le même temps sur le lecteur du roman, l’effet escompté se multiplie à l’infini. Envisagées à travers le prisme de la littérature érotique, les thèses majeures des Lumières sur la connaissance et l’éducation tirent ainsi profit d’un échange à bénéfices mutuels avec la fiction libertine.
Sexe spectaculaire
Authors: Wald Lasowski Patrick
Published: June 2017

Arrêts devant images. Les gravures lascives de Dom Bougre explicitent la nature spectaculaire de la scène sexuelle, installent le plein jour au cœur de la nuit et poussent au déduit des personnages qui font moins l’amour que posture .
La suspension du temps dans Point de lendemain : lecture sensualiste d’un nocturne libertin
Authors: Ganofsky Marine
Published: June 2017

Dans Point de lendemain (1777) de Denon, un impromptu libertin est décrit comme une quête de suspension du temps. Les amants cherchent à dilater la durée de cette nuit. En manipulant savamment leurs sensations, en ralentissant le rythme de leurs plaisirs, ils parviendront même à jouir de l’illusion d’être entrés dans une bulle temporelle, celle d’un temps infini et pour toujours suspendu dans la seconde de leur extase. Ce topos libertin des lenteurs amoureuses, inspiré de l’ Art d’aimer d’Ovide, est ici analysé à travers le prisme des théories sensualistes et matérialistes dont le 18 e siècle était imprégné. Cet article propose des rapprochements entre le texte libertin de Denon, la nouvelle expérience du temps humain au siècle des Lumières, et les théories de Condillac et La Mettrie sur la sensation et la temporalité. L’enjeu de cette lecture de Point de lendemain est d’explorer les motivations profondes derrière les lenteurs libertines. Il s’agit pour ces amants fictifs non seulement de mieux savourer leurs plaisirs mais aussi, sinon surtout, de jouir de l’impression d’avoir échappé aux finitudes humaines en ressaisissant, grâce aux illusions générées par la sensation et l’imagination, une expérience de l’infini et de l’éternité.
« La vertu sous des apparences ridicules » : Voltaire et le mythe politique du « bon quaker »
Authors: Tuccillo Alessandro
Published: June 2017

Les quatre premières Lettres philosophiques de Voltaire peuvent être considérées comme l’acte de naissance du mythe des Lumières du « bon quaker ». Dans la construction de ce mythe, la fondation de la Pennsylvanie par le quaker anglais William Penn est un élément central. D’une part, cette expérience politique coloniale en Amérique septentrionale permettait de soustraire au seul domaine de l’utopie l’idée d’une société vertueuse, fondée sur la liberté et sur la tolérance religieuse ; d’autre part, elle servait d’argument décisif au rejet de la représentation courante des quakers comme étant celle d’une secte de fanatiques aux mœurs extravagantes et qui s’adonnaient aux tremblements mystiques. Cet article vise à réfléchir aux enjeux de ce renversement initié par Voltaire dans les Lettres philosophiques  : comment lire dans cet ouvrage et dans ses écrits suivants cette exaltation de « la vertu sous des apparences ridicules » ?
Une source « philosophique » de l’ Histoire des deux Indes (1780) : Les Incas de Jean-François Marmontel
Authors: Gallo Pierino
Published: June 2017

De par la variété des sources textuelles (à la fois historiques, politiques, romanesques et philosophiques) et ses différents processus de réécriture (du greffage à la traduction, du résumé à l’amplification), l’ Histoire des deux Indes s’impose comme l’un des ouvrages les plus complexes du 18 e siècle : l’ambition de Raynal était de proposer à son public une œuvre historique, assortie d’un commentaire politique et philosophique. Cet article étudie l’influence qu’exerça sur la troisième édition de l’ Histoire (1780) le roman de Marmontel, Les Incas ou la destruction de l’Empire du Pérou (1777). Unis dans la même bataille, les deux philosophes développent un discours critique dont la parenté est indéniable. Notre analyse, à la fois formelle, stylistique et thématique, tente de mieux situer ce discours dans l’un des débats majeurs du siècle des Lumières : l’anticolonialisme et la leyenda negra .
« Calamnitez extremes » et culte des reliques
Authors: Guyard Nicolas
Published: June 2017

Dans la France catholique du xvii e s., les reliques apparaissent comme une ressource indispensable pour les différentes communautés face aux aléas du climat. Ces objets sacrés pouvaient avoir un rôle préventif, mais aussi salvateur. Par la mise en rituel, la procession, les reliques pouvaient permettre d’affronter ses temps de crise, en rétablissant une médiation avec le Créateur, par l’intercession des saints évoqués. Outils du bon gouvernement, les reliques témoignent lors du xvii e s. de l’évolution du rapport entre les hommes et la nature, par le biais du sacré, comme de la conception de la société sainte. Les aléas climatiques apparaissent alors aux frontières du profane et du sacré introduites par l’émergence des réformes religieux, posant la question du lien entre les croyances religieuses et les phénomènes naturels.
Le Déluge au xviii e siècle
Authors: Martin Philippe
Published: June 2017

Le déluge reste au xviii e s. un lieu de débats intenses. Les rationalistes, dans leur lutte contre l’Église catholique, le réduisent à un pur accident naturel ou nient sa réalité. Face à ces attaques, les apologistes chrétiens tentent de prouver son existence et fournissent une explication morale et religieuse de la catastrophe.
Le pape et les sciences dans la lettre encyclique Laudato si’
Authors: Revol Fabien
Published: June 2017

Dans son encyclique Laudato si’ , le pape François parle d’écologie comme quelqu’un qui a cherché à bien se documenter. Le discours scientifique joue ici un rôle essentiel à trois titres. Par le constat de la crise écologique, la science permet d’entendre la clameur de la terre qui est en souffrance. Le deuxième est de comprendre ce qu’est l’écologie en profondeur. Le troisième sert un but théologique de mise en dialogue de l’écologie avec la théologie.
L’action interreligieuse pour le climat
Authors: Sadouni Samadia
Published: June 2017

Les acteurs religieux exercent de plus en plus une influence morale dans le cadre des négociations multilatérales sur l’environnement et le réchauffement climatique. Cette influence morale s’exerce, entre autres, par l’action interreligieuse pour le climat, c’est-à-dire la coopération des acteurs religieux entre eux, soutenue et légitimée par les organisations internationales telles que les Nations-Unies.
La mémoire funèbre de Nicolas Poussin
Authors: Greco Gianpasquale
Published: June 2017

Nicolas Poussin meurt à Rome le 19 novembre 1665. Il demande à être enterré avec la plus complète humilité et de manière anonyme. Cela n’empêche pas ceux qui l’admirent de chercher à fonder et transmettre la mémoire du peintre par un tombeau digne de son génie et une épitaphe. L’article cherche à comprendre les motifs de cette demande que Chateaubriand put enfin satisfaire en faisant élever un cénotaphe dans l’église de San Lorenzo in Lucina à Rome.
Optimisation of bitumen emulsion properties for ballast stabilisation
Authors: D’Angelo G. , Lo Presti D. , Thom N.
Published: June 2017

Ballasted track, while providing economical and practical advantages, is associated with high costs and material consumption due to frequent maintenance. More sustainable alternatives to conventional ballasted trackbeds should therefore aim at extending its durability, particularly considering ongoing increases in traffic speed and loads. In this regard, the authors have investigated a solution consisting of bitumen stabilised ballast (BSB), designed to be used for new trackbeds as well as in reinforcing existing ones. This study presents the idea behind the technology and then focuses on a specific part of its development: the optimisation of bitumen emulsion properties and dosage in relation to ballast field conditions. Results showed that overall bitumen stabilisation improved ballast resistance to permanent deformation by enhancing stiffness and damping properties. Scenarios with higher dosage of bitumen emulsion, higher viscosity, quicker setting behaviour, and harder base bitumen seem to represent the most desirable conditions to achieve enhanced in-field performance.
Habitat Patch Use by Fishers in the Deciduous Forest-Dominated Landscape of the Central Appalachian Mountains, USA
Authors: Ellington E. Hance , Gess Sean W. , Koen Erin L. , Duchamp Joseph E. , Lovallo Matthew J. , Dzialak Matthew R. , Larkin Jeffery L.
Published: June 2017

Fishers (Pekania pennanti) are often associated with the coniferous and mixed forests of the northern United States and central Canada, and their ecology has been studied extensively in portions of their distributional range. Recently, natural range expansion and reintroductions have led to recolonization by fishers to portions of the central Appalachian Mountains, where deciduous forest is the dominant vegetation type. We used noninvasive hair-snare surveys and microsatellite genetic analysis to detect fishers in the central Appalachian Mountains of Pennsylvania. We used these detections within an occupancy modeling framework to explore habitat patch use by fishers and the forest characteristics and land use features that influenced it. We found that the likelihood of patch use by fishers was related to forests with higher proportions of low-density residential areas. Our results also suggested that lower road densities might be related to higher likelihood of fisher patch use. Fishers in Pennsylvania tolerated some forms of land development. Patch use was not driven by forest type or canopy cover, at least within our deciduous forest-dominated study areas. Future research identifying threshold values at which forest cover and land development affect patch use by fishers in the central Appalachian Mountains will better inform management decisions with respect to sites for future reintroduction of fishers.
La traduction latine des Dialoghi della Historia de Francesco Patrizi da Cherso par Nicholas Stupan (1570) et la réception européenne de sa théorie de l’histoire
Authors: Gambino-Longo Susanna
Published: June 2017

La traduction latine des Dialoghi della historia du philosophe néo-platonicien Francesco Patrizi da Cherso est publiée à Bâle en 1570. L’étude de la circulation de ce texte et des choix de traduction permet de mieux comprendre la réception des artes historicae italiennes dans le Nord de l’Europe et les fluctuations ou limites du latin face à la montée en puissance de l’italien vernaculaire comme langue philosophique.
Les affinités aléatoires : une contribution à l’étude du rapport Spinoza-Marx
Authors: Bianchi Bernardo
Published: June 2017

Ces dernières décennies, la relation entre Spinoza et Marx a été abordée par des auteurs comme Louis Althusser, Antonio Negri et Maximilien Rubel. Néanmoins, bien que l'on puisse établir un lien entre les deux au niveau des affinités théoriques, il manque une analyse du rapport entre ces affinités et les références effectives que Marx fait à Spinoza. Nous ne savons pas davantage, jusqu'à maintenant, comment ces références s'articulent avec les objectifs du militantisme philosophique et politique que Marx s'est fixé tout au long de sa vie. La présente étude cherche donc à parcourir les premières oeuvres de Marx de manière à y étudier la présence de Spinoza, et à démontrer simultanément à quels buts cette présence était subordonnée.