bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Interaction between Sea Breeze and Summer Mistral at the Exit of the Rhône Valley
Authors: Bastin Sophie , Drobinski Philippe , Guénard Vincent , Caccia Jean-Luc , Campistron Bernard , Dabas Alain M. , Delville Patricia , Reitebuch Oliver , Werner Christian
Published: June 2006

The three-dimensional structure and dynamics of the combination of the sea breeze and the mistral at the Rhône Valley exit, in southeastern France, have been investigated experimentally and numerically on 22 June 2001. The mistral refers to a severe northerly wind that develops along the Rhône Valley. The exit of this valley is located near the Mediterranean Sea where sea-breeze circulation often develops. The sea breeze and the mistral coexist this day because of the weakness of this mistral event.

The event was documented in the framework of the Expérience sur Site pour Contraindre les Modèles de Pollution Atmosphérique et de Transport d'Emissions (ESCOMPTE) field experiment. Several important data sources are used (airborne Doppler lidar, UHF wind profilers, radiosoundings, and surface stations) as well as nonhydrostatic mesoscale simulations.

This paper examines the various mechanisms that drive the time and spatial variability of the mistral and the sea breeze in various regions of the Rhône Valley. In the morning, the sea breeze penetrates inland near the western side of the Rhône Valley then moves back because of the reinforcement of the mistral flow caused by the deepening of the leeward surface low due to convection at noon. At midday, the sea breeze penetrates inland in the middle of the Rhône Valley only. In contrast to pure sea-breeze episodes when the sea breeze can extend inland over a horizontal range of more than 150 km, the presence of the mistral prevents the sea breeze from penetrating more than 40 km onshore. In the late afternoon, the sea breeze reaches the eastern side of the Rhône Valley but over a smaller horizontal range because of higher local topography and because the mistral is more intense in this part of the Rhône Valley.

The situations of sea-breeze–mistral interactions can have a severe impact on regional air quality. Indeed, the southerly sea breeze, which advects toward the countryside the pollutants emitted from the large coastal city of Marseille, France, and its industrialized suburbs, cannot penetrate far inland because of the mistral blowing in the opposite direction. This leads to the stagnation of the pollutants near the area of emission that is also the most densely inhabited area of the region (over one million inhabitants).
Small-Scale Cloud Activity over the Maritime Continent and the Western Pacific as Revealed by Satellite Data
Authors: Kondo Yoshimi , Higuchi Atsushi , Nakamura Kenji
Published: June 2006

Cloud systems over the Maritime Continent and the tropical western Pacific defined by the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) were tracked, and their evolution was compared with cloud parameters [e.g., minimum blackbody brightness temperature (TBB), cloud area size, TBB gradient at cloud edges]. In addition, cloud systems observed by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) were examined, and the relationship with precipitation was investigated. Analysis areas were divided into four regions: open ocean, coastal sea, coasts, and land.

Cloud systems that did not split from or merge with other systems (28% of a total of 290 717 cloud systems) showed common features on cloud parameters in spite of different lifetimes or their locations. While the minimum TBB appeared in the beginning of their lifetimes, the cloud area was still expanding. At the time of first detection, the TBB gradient at the edge of the cloud system was the maximum and decreased with time. The rain rate was maximized when the TBB was at a minimum or earlier. For example, a system with the lifetime of 5 h over the ocean has a minimum TBB 2 h after the occurrence, a maximum area at 3 h, a maximum TBB gradient at 1 h, and a maximum rain rate at 1 h. Vertical development was significant in coasts, while remarkable horizontal expansion appeared over land. In particular, precipitation ice and storm height profiles showed differences among regions.
A Comparison of Simulated Clouds to ISCCP Data
Authors: Meinke Insa
Published: June 2006

An evaluation of the cloud parameterization scheme in the High-Resolution Regional Model (HRM) of the Deutscher Wetterdienst was conducted using data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP). Uncertainties in the model and in the measurements were first quantified. Then, criteria for comparisons of simulated and measured data were chosen in order to identify model deficiencies. The simulated clouds were subsequently classified by their parameterization so model deficiencies could be easily attributed to a certain parameterization scheme. Following this evaluation, an overestimation of simulated mean cloud amount was identified as a deficiency of the HRM. The overestimation occurred mainly during the night and was due to an overprediction of subscale clouds at low-level emissivity heights. At medium-level emissivity heights during the day, the cloud amount is underpredicted. This leads to an underestimation of the diurnal cycle. These deficiencies were connected with the relative humidity parameterization used to characterize subscale cloudiness.
Multiscale Aspects of Convective Systems Associated with an Intraseasonal Oscillation over the Indonesian Maritime Continent
Authors: Shibagaki Yoshiaki , Shimomai Toyoshi , Kozu Toshiaki , Mori Shuichi , Fujiyoshi Yasushi , Hashiguchi Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Masayuki K. , Fukao Shoichiro , Yamanaka Manabu D.
Published: June 2006

Multiscale aspects of convective systems over the Indonesian Maritime Continent in the convectively active phase of an intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) during November 2002 are studied using Geostationary Meteorological Satellite infrared data and ground-based observational data from X-band rain radar, equatorial atmosphere radar, L-band boundary layer radar, and upper-air soundings at Koto Tabang (KT; 0.20°S, 100.32°E; 865 m above mean sea level), West Sumatera, Indonesia. In the analysis period, four super cloud clusters (SCCs; horizontal scale of 2000–4000 km), associated with an ISO, are seen to propagate eastward from the eastern Indian Ocean to the Indonesian Maritime Continent. The SCCs are recognized as envelopes of convection, composed of meso-α-scale cloud clusters (MαCCs; horizontal scale of 500–1000 km) propagating westward. When SCCs reach the Indonesian Maritime Continent, the envelopes disappear but MαCCs are clearly observed. Over Sumatera, the evolution and structure of a distinct MαCC is closely related to the organization of localized cloud systems with a diurnal cycle. The cloud systems are characterized by westward-propagating meso-β-scale cloud clusters (MβCCs; horizontal scale of ∼100 km) developed in eastern Sumatera, and an orographic cloud system formed over a mountain range in western Sumatera. Ground-based observations further revealed the internal structure of the orographic cloud system around KT. A meso-β-scale convective precipitation system with eastward propagation (E-MβCP; horizontal scale of ∼40 km) is found with the formation of the orographic cloud system. This is associated with a low-level wind change from easterly to westerly, considered to be local circulation over the mountain range. The E-MβCP also indicates a multicell structure composed of several meso-γ-scale convective precipitation systems (horizontal scale of <10 km) with multiple evolution stages (formation, development, and dissipation).
Analysing the Temporal Organization of Daily Life:
Authors: Southerton Dale
Published: June 2006

There is a tension in time studies between measuring and accounting for the changing distribution of units of time across social activities, and explaining temporal experiences. By analysing in-depth interviews with 27 people, this article employs a theory of practice to explore the relationship between respondents’ ‘non-work’ practices and five dimensions of time. It hypothesizes that practices which demand a fixed location within daily schedules anchor temporal organization, around which are sequenced sets of interrelated practices. A third category of practices fills the gaps that emerge within temporal sequences.The most significant socio-demographic constraints (gender, age, life-course and education) that shaped how respondents engaged and experienced practices in relation to the five dimensions of time are then considered. It is argued that the relationship between different types of social practices, five dimensions of time and sociodemographic constraints presents a conceptual framework for the systematic analysis of differential temporal experiences.
Moral Economy and Cultural Work
Authors: Banks Mark
Published: June 2006

While the ‘culturalization’ of the economy has led some to welcome the ‘turn to life’ (Heelas, 2002) and anticipate the remoralization of economic activity, others argue the cultural turn is conducive only to consolidating neo-liberalism's characteristic demoralization of economic relations.The cultural industries, as a leading sector of the culturalized economy, are seen to be particularly culpable in this respect, offering the illusion of freedom, but actually eroding the ethical basis of work through tendencies for individuation and exploitation. Building on the recent renewal of interest in ‘moral economy’, this article argues that claims for the demoralization of cultural industries may be premature. Empirical evidence is presented from interviews with cultural entrepreneurs in Manchester, UK, to reveal how social and political values are biographically important and made evident in the routine context of work. The conclusion offers that individualization may provide some opportunity to re-establish (non-economic) moral and ethical values at work.
Identity, Poverty Situations and the Epistemology of the Known Subject
Authors: de Gialdino Irene Vasilachis
Published: June 2006

The article proposes a relational definition of poor people and poverty situations grounded in the Epistemology of the Known Subject and drawn from qualitative research data. I first examine the basic assumptions of such epistemology, which has arisen from the limitations of prior ways of knowing; that is, of what I call the epistemological paradigms of the Epistemology of the Knowing Subject.Then I discuss the features of an empirical study on extreme poverty in Buenos Aires city, as well as the data analysis and concept creation processes involved.This enables me to consider the characteristics of the relational definition of poor people and poverty situations. Finally, I explore the societal model and the type of social process underlying the usual notions of poverty, and the influence of both on social policy design.
Recognition and the Creation of Wellbeing
Authors: Sointu Eeva
Published: June 2006

Whilst much research into alternative and complementary medicine use indicates that these practices enable experiences of control, agency and empowerment, few theoretically informed answers have been given to why and how consultations with alternative and complementary health practitioners facilitate experiences that are felt to be ‘healing’.This article utilizes theories of recognition in order to reflect on the healing experiences of women seeking health and wellbeing through varied forms of alternative and complementary medicine. I analyse the empowering and agency-giving aspects of alternative and complementary medicines, in particular in relation to wider societal conceptualizations of the self. This article is based on qualitative interviews with both practitioners and clients of varying alternative and complementary medicines.
What Happened to Postmodernism?
Authors: Matthewman Steve , Hoey Douglas
Published: June 2006

Some things never made it into the 21st century. Postmodern social theory seems to be one of them. In this article we ask the all important questions: what was it and what happened to it? We argue that postmodernism existed in the plural and in many of its forms as proxy. Postmodernism was always a term of convenience for critics, and paradoxically it is they who elevated a disparate group of thinkers into a coherent intellectual project.That is not to deny the existence of either a postmodern moment or of useful theoretical legacies from this purported project. Irrespective of where the criticisms of postmodernism came from, its shared intention was the defence of perceived challenges to assured knowledge.
The Uneven Distribution of Cultural Capital
Authors: Wang Shaoguang , Davis Deborah , Bian Yanjie
Published: June 2006

Drawing on interviews with 400 couples in four cities in 1998, this exploratory study focuses on variation in reading habits to integrate the concept of cultural capital into the theoretical and empirical analysis of inequality and social stratification in contemporary urban China. Overall, we find that volume and composition of cultural capital varies across social classes independent of education. Thus, to the extent that cultural capital in the form of diversified knowledge and appreciation for certain genres or specific authors is unevenly distributed across social classes, we hypothesize that the possession of cultural capital may be a valuable resource in defining and crystallizing class boundaries in this hybrid, fast-changing society.
Sample size and informetric model goodness-of-fit outcomes: a search engine log case study
Authors: Ajiferuke Isola , Wolfram Dietmar , Famoye Felix
Published: June 2006

The influence of sample size on informetric characteristics is examined to determine whether theoretical mathematical models can adequately fit large data sets. Two large data sets of queries submitted to the Excite search service were sampled for search characteristics (term frequencies, terms used per query, pages viewed per query, queries submitted per session) producing data sets of various sizes that were fitted to theoretical models to determine how the sample may influence a model’s goodness-of-fit. Although theoretical models could adequately fit smaller data sets of up to 5000 observations in some cases, larger data sets could not be satisfactorily fitted using several goodness-of-fit techniques. Investigators must take into account that sample size does influence goodness-of-fit outcomes. The nature of the data and not the limitations of given goodness-of-fit tests results in significant outcomes. Such goodness-of-fit tests should be used for comparative purposes, rather than significance testing.
Automated support specification for efficient mining of interesting association rules
Authors: Lin Wen-Yang , Tseng Ming-Cheng
Published: June 2006

In recent years, the weakness of the canonical support-confidence framework for associations mining has been widely studied. One of the difficulties in applying association rules mining is the setting of support constraints. A high-support constraint avoids the combinatorial explosion in discovering frequent itemsets, but at the expense of missing interesting patterns of low support. Instead of seeking a way to set the appropriate support constraints, all current approaches leave the users in charge of the support setting, which, however, puts the users in a dilemma. This paper is an effort to answer this long-standing open question. According to the notion of confidence and lift measures, we propose an automatic support specification for efficiently mining high-confidence and positive-lift associations without consulting the users. Experimental results show that the proposed method is not only good at discovering high-confidence and positive-lift associations, but also effective in reducing spurious frequent itemsets.
Towards the faster transformation of XML documents
Authors: Shin Dong-Hoon , Lee Kyong-Ho
Published: June 2006

XML is so flexible that several different schemas are often used even in the same application domain. To interchange XML documents between two parties, it is necessary to transform XML documents into ones that conform to the schema of a partner. Since a transformation is repeatedly applied to a large volume of XML documents, the transformation speed is important. This paper proposes a method for generating XSLT scripts, which support the fast transformation of XML documents, given one-to-one matching relationships between leaf nodes of XML schemas. The proposed method consists of two steps: computing matches between internal nodes and generating XSLT scripts. Specifically, the proposed method considers many-to-one matches among cardinality nodes. The transformation of recursive structures is also supported. The proposed method generates XSLT scripts with fewer templates that are proportional to the number of the matches between recursive nodes. Experimental results show that the proposed method generates XSLT scripts that support the faster transformation of XML documents, compared with previous work.
Document delivery as a source for bibliometric analyses: the case of Subito
Authors: Schloegl Christian , Gorraiz Juan
Published: June 2006

This paper deals with a bibliometric analysis of data from the document delivery service Subito. After a short introduction, Subito will be presented briefly. The main part reports on the design and the results of the study, which covers the following major topics

• distribution of article orders to journals,

• identification of the core journals which contribute to most article supplies,

• subject distribution of the most requested journals,

• relation between the most requested (Subito) and the most cited journals (SCI),

• differences in age of ordered and cited articles, and

• dependency of journal requests on their subscription rates.

As will be shown, most Subito article orders are covered by a relatively small number of journals, most of which are from life sciences, especially medicine. There is only a slight overlap between the most requested and the most cited journals suggesting that these two indicators represent different concepts. This is also confirmed by different obsolescence characteristics. The share of current publications is much higher among ordered than among cited articles. Finally, there was no evidence that articles of journals with higher subscription rates are ordered more often.
Communalism and the Green Revolution in Punjab
Authors: Corsi Marco
Published: June 2006

This study focuses on the rise and fall of the ‘Green Revolution’ in Punjab and on its social impact, demonstrating how this modernization process had a forefront role in the process of formation and consolidation of the political and social forces that supported and fed the political violence that was triggered from the tension among the area’s main religious communities (Sikhs and Hindus). The research hypothesis of this study is that there is a close relationship between the rapid process of modernization set off by the Green Revolution, starting from the second half of the 1960s, and the separatist violence that devastated the Indian Punjab throughout the 1980s. The argument is that the forces behind the violence did not derive from Punjabi economic backwardness, but, rather, from the overcoming of this condition as a result of the Green Revolution.
Urban Poverty and the Rural Development Bias
Authors: Marcus Anthony , Asmorowati Sulikah
Published: June 2006

It has often been said that there is an ‘urban bias’ in development, due to the assumption that economic growth and modernization naturally occurs in cities and has as its ultimate destination development by urbanization. This has meant that problem oriented interventions are typically focused on excluded rural people and built around rural paradigms. Even in development practice that is explicitly urban, stakeholders are often viewed through a rural lens. This has often left development practice with what amounts to a rural bias. Nowhere has this urban bias in development policy and rural bias in development practice been more clearly manifest than in the developmentalist states of Asia. Drawing on contemporary empirical data from the Urban Poverty Project (UPP), an ongoing World Bank/Indonesian government urban anti-poverty initiative in Northern Java, we discuss some of the ways in which this rural bias has weakened the conceptual tools for imagining development in urban environments. It will be our argument that the dominant rural/village development trope and its corresponding scalar dichotomies between local and global and social dichotomies between traditional and modern have formed the basis of much of the way we think about and practice development. This has often obscured, rather than clarified what people actually want and need and how it can best be delivered.
Ad Astra per Aspera: A Journey from the Periphery
Authors: Scott W. Richard
Published: June 2006

I review my scholarly career, focusing first on the places and people important to my development as an organizational sociologist. Then, drawing on distinctions proposed by Boyer, I discuss four types of scholarly work in which I have been engaged: (1) the scholarship of discovery, in which I studied principally authority systems, organizational effectiveness and institutional structures and processes; (2) the scholarship of teaching, where I describe the variety of courses I have taught; (3) the scholarship of application, involving primarily my work with policy groups at the national level; and (4) the scholarship of integration, including my writing of textbooks and attempts to create community among organizational scholars. I assert that more value should be placed by the academy on the latter three types of scholarship.
Neurosciences and Group Analysis
Authors: Nava Ana Sofia
Published: June 2006

This article presents a critical overview of the most recent advances in the neurosciences, considering some of the mental phenomena that arise within the therapeutic situation of group analysis. The aim is to show the neurosciences as an extremely stimulating source of material that might permit a reorganization of our knowledge of psychodynamics and above all an everlasting source of reflection on the clinical work of group analysis.
The Intermediate Space
Authors: Walshe John
Published: June 2006

In this article, the author discusses the intermediate space - the space between the outside and the inside of the group, with all observations pertinent to all therapeutic work. The focus is on what transpires and is held in the area between inside the therapeutic sessions and the outside world. It can be compared to a border country.
Empty Spaces in Group-Analytic Psychotherapy Groups
Authors: Bledin Kenneth
Published: June 2006

Empty spaces resulting from lateness or absence are not uncommon in groups. The meaning of empty spaces needs to be analyzed not only in and by the groups but also with reference to possible theoretical explanations. They may be understood as manifestations of the anti-group and by referring to notions of subjective emptiness described, for example, by Fairbairn, Kernberg, and Balint. Feeling ‘fuller’ may be experienced as threatening to individuals who are ‘empty of themselves’. However, the transitional space potentially provided by a psychotherapeutic group can provide a shared space in which the capacity to relate and feel emotionally nourished may develop. This paper analyzes how a developmental process in empty space groups may be apparent in those sessions in which the group is complete and why it is that the therapist should not collude with the group’s avoidance of its members’ capacity for fullness.
Self within the Matrix
Authors: French Jennifer
Published: June 2006

This article considers the relationship between the group and the individual and how far we have been able to move away from the assumption that individual processes are basic and can be used to explain those of the group. It looks at the problem of becoming trapped in the conceptual frameworks of ideology and suggests that group-analytic therapy can be seen as a powerful tool in developing our ability to tolerate and move between a number of ‘realities’ in a coherent way, providing experiences for approaching our individuality as process rather than substance. The author analyzes how understanding Buddhist concepts such as ‘emptiness’, ‘no-Self’ and ‘mindfulness’ may provide practising therapists with insights into the group process which can, either directly or indirectly, contribute to group-analytic training and practice at the same time as inform personal meaning.
Treating Bulimics in Groups
Authors: Segercrantz Ulrika
Published: June 2006

This article focuses on the group process in groups for patients suffering from bulimia and also anorexia, and how this process affects and enhances the Self, by offering the possibility of recreating the lacking mirroring experience. It also draws a parallel between the families of patients with eating disorders and the group, with the conclusion that group analysis can compensate for the shortcomings in the families of the group members.
How Can Group Analysis Become an Academic Discipline?
Authors: Pines Malcolm
Published: June 2006

In this article, I shall consider the issue whether, when and how a clinical practice of psychotherapy can become an academic discipline: this represents the move from a training designed to prepare competent practitioners for the rigours of clinical practice to the in-depth study of a subject in an academic setting.
“Bob Dylan and Hip Hop”
Authors: Jocson Korina M.
Published: June 2006

This article builds upon the concept of hybridity to affirm the relevance of poetry, music, and other forms of popular culture in the lives of urban youth. Its focus examines the blending of seemingly disparate forms to understand how young people, in particular young people of color, negotiate their multilayered social worlds. One of these worlds is that of Antonio’s, a 17-year old African American male, whose interest and practice of creating poetry within and outside of classrooms offers a lens into a growing community of youth poets in U.S. cities. An analysis of Antonio’s case suggests how intersecting literacy practices served as viable building blocks for realizing and expanding his ability to write. Central to the argument is the notion of hybrid literacy learning and why it is important to recognize youth’s cultural and literacy practices that both excite and engage them while continuing to develop their reading, writing, and other communicative skills.
The Origins of Writing in the Disciplines
Authors: Kruse Otto
Published: June 2006

The introduction of seminars to university teaching marks the onset of a new teaching philosophy and practice in which writing is used to make students independent learners and researchers. Although the beginnings of writing pedagogy at American universities are well documented, little is known about its origins in Germany. The article tracks the history of seminar teaching back to its roots and reviews its historical development from the very beginnings to the point when seminars became the pedagogical flagship of the Humboldtian research university. Twenty seminar regulations from Prussian universities, written between 1812 and 1839, are reviewed with respect to the prescriptions they contain about writing. They reveal that a writing-to-learn pedagogy was elaborated as early as about 1820. The most important claim of the article is that an early concept of writing in the disciplines was central to the development of the Humboldtian research university.
Commenting on Writing
Authors: Cho Kwangsu , Schunn Christian D. , Charney Davida
Published: June 2006

How do comments on student writing from peers compare to those from subject-matter experts? This study examined the types of comments that reviewers produce as well as their perceived helpfulness. Comments on classmates’ papers were collected from two undergraduate and one graduate-level psychology course. The undergraduate papers in one of the courses were also commented on by an independent psychology instructor experienced in providing feedback to students on similar writing tasks. The comments produced by students at both levels were shorter than the instructor’s. The instructor’s comments were predominantly directive and rarely summative. The undergraduate peers’ comments were more mixed in type; directive and praise comments were the most frequent. Consistently, undergraduate peers found directive and praise comments helpful. The helpfulness of the directive comments was also endorsed by a writing expert.
Residential Interior Design as Complex Composition
Authors: Smagorinsky Peter , Zoss Michelle , Reed Patty M.
Published: June 2006

This research analyzed the composing processes of one high school student as she designed the interiors of homes for a course in interior design. Data included field notes, an interview with the teacher, artifacts from the class, and the focal student’s concurrent and retrospective protocols in relation to her design of home interiors. The analysis revealed that the object of activity in this setting included aspects of the motive (including the teacher’s constructed environment and attendant expectations, the teacher’s governing logic and common sense with respect to interior design, and the broader field of interior design as interpreted and implemented in the class) and both fixed and emergent goals. The student’s object-related problem-solving involved a hierarchy of problem-solving decisions and employed a variety of tools in solving these problems, particularly those derived from culture, reliant on knowledge from a discipline or field, and following from images such as narratives.
Seagull management and the control of nursing work
Authors: Cooke Hannah
Published: June 2006

This article considers data from a qualitative study of discipline and misconduct in nursing. It outlines the ways in which the study can inform our understanding of changes in the control of nursing work. Specifically it considers evidence for work intensification in nursing and contrasts this with policy pronouncements, which have proclaimed that nurses have been empowered by recent changes. The study found that empowerment often implied increased responsibility accompanied by tightened control. Some nurses described their managers as ‘seagull’ managers and the article elaborates what was meant by that term. The four key features of seagull management were: distance, distrust, destructive criticism, and a defensive culture.
Changing dynamics in female employment around childbirth
Authors: Vlasblom Jan Dirk , Schippers Joop
Published: June 2006

There is a strong effect of childbirth on female labour supply.This effect, however, is changing over time.This article uses panel data on the last two decades on three European countries (the Netherlands, Germany, the UK) to study changes in female labour force behaviour around childbirth and tries to find an explanation for these changes by looking at differences between the three countries.We conclude that there are substantial differences in participation patterns between the three countries in our study and that policy measures and institutions such as childcare that make the costs of combining work and family lower relative to being a full-time mother seem to increase female participation rates.
Convincing the toilers?
Authors: van Wanrooy Brigid , Wilson Shaun
Published: June 2006

Australians work comparatively long hours and, in recent years, most of the growth in per capita working hours has come from workers already employed full time.Yet, despite the problems long working hours can cause, this trend has not attracted political attention. Increasingly, the Australian working time regime is a weak regulator of working hours and promotes only limited equality between the working hours of men and women. This article uses responses from the Australian Survey of Social Attitudes 2003 to investigate whether workers' preferences are in accord with regime institutions. We find that people who work long hours are no less inclined than those who work standard hours or part time to see working hours as a choice and they do this despite more often reporting that their work interferes with family life and that employers expect long hours from them. We contend that seeing long working hours as a choice may be the product of the ‘liberal’ working time regime itself. Multivariate analysis of the responses suggest that structural pressures work to strengthen perceptions that there is a problem with long working hours and prompt the belief that long hours are not freely chosen. Implications of these findings tell us something about possible future regulation.
Scaling labour
Authors: Ellem Bradon
Published: June 2006

In recent years the ore-rich region known as the Pilbara, in north-western Australia, has been the site of intense struggles over the regulation of labour.Two of the world's biggest resource companies have been pitted against an oftendivided local labour force, but they have not had things all their own way. Drawing on the work of a number of geographers, the article shows how these disputes can be understood more richly than simply as another bout of union recognition disputes. If physical geography – rich ore bodies and isolation from metropolitan centres – or the contest between global capital and local labour are important, they are only the starting points for a textured,‘spatialized’ understanding of capital-labour relationships.The article argues that space is made and argued over in many ways and that there are many scales in addition to the local and the global at which conflicts are constructed and resolved.
Stand up and be counted
Authors: Wyatt Will
Published: June 2006

A former managing director of the Corporation, Will Wyatt urges the BBC to reinvent a sense of discovery for the on-demand world and show it can still tempt people to new experiences, lead them off the safe path of the known into the pastures of the undiscovered. And Wyatt observes: "Both [Director-General Mark] Thompson and Tessa Jowell urge the BBC to 'frame your mind to mirth and merriment', to entertain. The audience have never thought otherwise. I worry, though, when I hear of 'fewer dramas with longer runs'. That is not a recipe for risk taking, extending range and encouraging new talent. It's a conventional schedule building strategy. Not good enough. Can Thompson create the conditions within which programme commissioners feel trusted and free and do not slip back into old, fearful and understandable habits, going for the safe, the imitative and the well tried?"
Grumpy Humpy should bow out
Authors: White Michael
Published: June 2006

The Guardian assistant editor and former political editor believes the BBC's famously prickly inquisitor should consider retirement and comments: "When the familiar voice of Grumpy Humpy (my private designation) greets me it is often not long before I am shouting back at the set. Usually it is along the lines of 'You can't say that, John', or 'Let the man finish the sentence, John.' I realise I am not alone in shouting at the radio, a more intimate medium than TV; nor in sometimes wishing that Radio 4's national treasure should be reburied or, at the very least, dropped down a deep well to cool off."
Sabotaging of a star
Authors: Luckhurst Tim
Published: June 2006

A Humphrys fan, writer and former Scotsman editor Luckhurst argues that the BBC has treated Humphrys poorly and writes: Is his personal style blameless? My impression is that Humphrys interrupts politicians more often than he used to during the years when I produced and edited Today, but it is plain that he does so for an excellent reason... Humphrys represents the best of the British tradition of adversarial debate."
Mind your language
Authors: Bolton Roger
Published: June 2006

The presenter of BBC Radio 4's Sunday and Feedback programmes, reviews what is permissible and what is not in the media in terms of language. "Words still do offend" he writes. "Indeed, survey after BBC survey on what causes offence reveals that it is "'bad language', not explicit sex or brutal violence, that most offends viewers and listeners. The trouble is that it is almost impossible to compile a definitive list of words that cause offence. Language is, of course, fluid and new words and phrases are continually entering the vocabulary. And, to complicate matters, old inoffensive words suddenly become newly offensive."
Beware the press in times of war
Authors: Bax Stephen
Published: June 2006

Language studies lecturer Bax criticises reporting from Iraq in the early days of the conflict, commenting: "Is truth really the first casualty of war, as Senator Hiram Johnson famously suggested? If in the Iraq conflict, the third anniversary of which we are now remembering, George Bush had had his way, then the first casualty would have been Saddam Hussein. The missile attack on Saddam in the early hours of Thursday morning, March 20 2003, failed, of course... But if we examine how the British press reported the war during its first days, we might feel that Hiram Johnson was right after all. For the British press was clearly guilty of a number of sins, which then had a serious effect on public morale in the days which followed and have important implications for the press today."
Why Papers of record are history
Authors: Campbell John
Published: June 2006

An eminent historian with several important books to his credit, Campbell complains that newspapers are not what they used to be in terms of historical reference. He writes: "The press has become so much a part of the entertainment industry that it will be of less and less use to historians - to political historians at any rate. For historians of fashion and pop culture, for the biographers of David Beckham and Madonna, it may still be a goldmine, but the political historian researching this decade will find more about David Blunkett's love life and George Galloway's appearance on Celebrity Big Brother than serious reporting of Westminster and Whitehall. No doubt it will be said that the hard information - the speeches, the press releases, the text of documents - is all available online, but it's scattered between dozens of different websites and the sheer volume of material is more overwhelming than ever."
Clean sweep in the Ukraine
Authors: Purvis Stewart
Published: June 2006

Professor of Television Journalism at City University in London and an adviser to a number of broadcasters, Purvis reports from the Ukraine on its parliamentary election in March - the first time the country's media had been able to cover a poll in a relatively free way. "He writes: We considered testing for corruption by hiring people to offer money to the agencies who claimed to be able to influence the news, but rejected the idea and relied instead on monitoring output for unusual editorial decisions. Meanwhile, all sorts of odd things were going on in the area of political advertising, for which thankfully 1+1 [the station he was advising] had no responsibility. One party attacked another on air by inserting frames of a skull into the footage every few seconds. The Communist party's advertisement showed pictures of Latin American dancers and the slogan, 'It's Cool to be Communist'."
The diversity of everyday ideas about inherited disorders
Authors: Santos Silvana
Published: June 2006

The focus of this paper is to explore the diversity of people's ideas about inherited disorders. I propose a theoretical model that incorporates a number of variables and attempts to reconcile the ways that individuals adopt and integrate lay and scientific aspects of knowledge. This model serves to make links between socially shared knowledge and scientific knowledge through the proposition of the modified Piaget's concept of syncretism of explanation; the model also makes links between two different domains, knowledge and the “family story of the disease.” Although it has not been tested, the model might serve as a heuristic tool, giving rise to a relevant research hypothesis to be addressed in future research.
When it runs in the family: putting susceptibility genes in perspective
Authors: Lock Margaret , Freeman Julia , Sharples Rosemary , Lloyd Stephanie
Published: June 2006

Using the genetics of late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) as illustrative, this paper argues for a reflexive critique of the involved science, specifically in connection with estimations of increased risk. Following a review of social science commentary on genetic testing and screening in general, current scientific understanding about the molecular and population genetics of LOAD is then presented. The results of open-ended interviews conducted with first-degree relatives of individuals diagnosed with LOAD at two study sites follow. It is shown that the majority of people interviewed embrace the idea of complexity in connection with Alzheimer's disease causation and that many draw on a concept of “blended inheritance” with respect to the disease that “runs” in their family. It is argued that knowledge about risk obtained from genetic testing for LOAD rarely usurps other forms of understanding, but is nested by interviewees into previously held ideas about who in the family is most at risk for the disease.
Beneficial or biohazard? How the media frame biosolids
Authors: Goodman J. Robyn , Goodman Brett P.
Published: June 2006

This study looked at how the media framed biosolids, or treated sewage sludge, from 1994 to 2004 by analyzing the 13 media frames found in 286 biosolid-related articles from newspapers in Florida, Virginia, and California. The researchers found the articles framed biosolids as a regulatory or legal issue most often, and most of the frames’ tones were neutral (1,958). However, negative tone (507) happened three times more often than positive tone (149), and environmental, management, and public nuisance framing tended to be more negative than any of the other frames. Neither the frames themselves nor the tones had statistically significant changes over the past decade. Regarding the sources used in the stories, the most frequent source was local government officials, which were used twice as frequently as any other source, followed by corporations (16 percent) and citizens (14 percent). These findings should help biosolid producers and officials in developing a media strategy that is proactive toward shaping public opinion rather than reactive to an issue that makes its way to the media and spurs public concern.
Institutional and/versus commercial media coverage: representations of the University of California, Berkeley–Novartis agreement
Authors: Rudy Alan , Eyck Toby A. Ten
Published: June 2006

In 1998, a contract was signed between the University of California at Berkeley (UCB) and Novartis in which the latter agreed to give UCB's Department of Plant and Microbial Biology US$25 million over a five year period. This Agreement was the foundation for debates that split the university over issues related to corporate control of the university, the environmental and social consequences of biotechnology, intellectual property rights, and academic freedom. This paper investigates the ways in which the Agreement was presented within the public relations office of UCB and the popular press, as well as reactions to that coverage. Data were collected through archival and web-based searches and interviews with individuals connected to the Agreement.
Talking brains: a cognitive semantic analysis of an emerging folk neuropsychology
Authors: Rodriguez Paul
Published: June 2006

What is the influence of neuroscience on the common sense way we talk about behavior and mental experience? This article examines this influence and the diffusion of neuroscience terms as it appears in everyday language that reflects shared cultural knowledge. In an unsolicited collection of speech acts and metaphors I show that the word “brain” often substitutes for “mind” and brain states are often asserted as the cause of mental states. I also present several examples of visual depictions of the brain, including modern brain scans, which have become the basis for new cultural symbols that are identified with mental experience. Taken together, the linguistic and visual brain metaphors highlight the concrete nature of the brain in contrast to the abstract nature of the mind. This, in turn, provides a physical dimension to the way we conceptualize mental phenomena in ordinary language. Thus, a modern folk neuropsychology is emerging which provides an alternative, reductionist, and sometimes competing network of concepts for explaining the mind in comparison to conventional folk psychology.
Desecuritizing Minority Rights: Against Determinism
Authors: Jutila Matti
Published: June 2006

The article discusses Paul Roe’s argument that minority rights are always problems of (societal) security. According to Roe, a Huysmanstype deconstructivist strategy, which can be used in desecuritization of migration, is not possible in minority situations, because maintenance of a collective identity is central for minorities; therefore, the desecuritization of minority rights may be ‘logically impossible’ in certain cases. The present article focuses on Roe’s arguments and attempts to find ways to avoid his determinism. It introduces a reconstructivist strategy for the desecuritization of minority rights, based on the process and discursive aspects of identity. It is possible for the stories of ethnically defined collective identities to be told in such a way that they do not exclude other such identities from the territory of a state. With this strategy, the author tries to show that desecuritization of minority rights is always logically possible, though in some cases it might be practically impossible in the foreseeable future.
‘We’ the Subject: The Power and Failure of (In)Security
Authors: Stern Maria
Published: June 2006

One way of exploring the paradox of (in)security and its implications for the reproduction of violence is to inquire into how the promise of a secure subject is inscribed in discourses of (in)security. Why is the successful securing of ‘we’ impossible? How might the supplementary relationship between security and insecurity inform the inscription of ‘we’ as the sovereign subject of security? Arguably, integral to the promise of an assured security is the concealment of the impossibility of fulfilling this very promise. This article aims to closely examine how a specific ‘we’, as the ‘subject’ of security, is constructed. Reading from the (in)security narratives of Mayan women - narratives that reflect the lived experiences of marginalized peoples struggling for security in resistance - it explores how the inscription of a specific and multiple identity, ‘Mayan women’, as the subject of security enacts and resists many of the dangers of securitizing identity that seem to be attendant to modern logics or grammars of security. Looking at how the impossible promise (or the ultimate failure) of securing identity plays out in a particular site among people whose voices are not often heard in writings on security invites reflection over failure as an opening for rethinking (in)securing identity.
National Data for Monitoring and Evaluating Racial and Ethnic Health Inequities: Where Do We Go From Here?
Authors: Griffith Derek M. , Moy Ernest , Reischl Thomas M. , Dayton Elizabeth
Published: June 2006

The elimination of racial and ethnic health inequities has become a central focus of health education and the national health agenda. The documentation of an increasing gap in life expectancy and other health outcomes suggests the need for more effective strategies to eliminate health inequities, which can be informed by better monitoring and evaluation data. Although the sophistication and volume of health data available have increased dramatically in recent years, this article examines the quality of the current data collected to achieve the goal of eliminating racial and ethnic health inequities. This article explores several key aspects of data to inform addressing inequities including terminology, the role of data, and explanations of the problem. The authors conclude with recommendations for refining data collection to facilitate the elimination of racial and ethnic health inequities and suggest how the Society for Public Health Education can become a more central figure in our national efforts