bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Intrusion Detection System in Internal Communication Systems for Driverless Cars
Authors: Abd Nuha , Alheeti Khattab M Ali , Al-Rawi Salah Sleibi
Published: December 2020

The modern car is a complicated system consisting of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) with engines, detectors and wired and wireless communication protocols, that communicate through different types of intra-car networks. The cyber-physical design relies on this ECU network that has been susceptible to several kinds of attacks using wireless, internal and external access. The internal network contains several security vulnerabilities that make it possible to launch attacks via buses and propagation over the entire ECU network, therefore anomaly detection technology, which represents the security protection, can efficiently reduce security threats. So, this paper proposes new Intrusion Detection System (IDS) using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to monitor the state of the car by information collected from internal buses and to achieve security, safety of the internal network The parameters building the ANN structure are trained CAN packet information to devise the fundamental statistical attribute of normal and attacking packets and in defense, extracted the related attribute to classify the attack. Experimental evaluation on Open Car Test-Bed and Network Experiments (OCTANE) show that the proposed IDS achieves acceptable performance in terms of intrusions detection. Results show its capability to detect attacks with false-positive rate of 1.7 %, false-negative rate 24.6 %, and average accuracy of 92.10 %.
Estimators and Economic Growth Nexus in Financial Deepening: Perspectives from a Small Open Economy
Authors: Ehiedu Victor Chukwunweike , Odita Anthony Ogormegbunan , Kifordu Anthony Anyibuofu
Published: December 2020

The study covered four (4) selected financial deepening estimators as it affects the economy as a whole. To carry out the study, data were sourced through Statistical Bulletin 2018 and World Bank Development Indicators (2018) from 2003 to 2018. Group of low-income countries have continued to find the need for adequate financial deepening in a bid to enhance their economic growth. Though they are operating a modern type of economy, yet they are mostly mono-economy, relying more on either oil or agricultural products and heavily depending on oil. Hence, Nigeria is a small open economy. In analyzing the data obtained, linear regression analysis was used through SPSS 22.0. The study formulated four (4) hypotheses and the findings showed that the ratio of money supply, credit ratio in private sector, savings ratio and investment have impact significantly on Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria because the p-value t-statistics are 0.0481, 0.027, 0.046 and.000 respectively are all less than 5% significant level. The study, therefore, identified the nexus by concluding that financial deepening has significant impact on Nigeria’s economic growth. This study recommends that government policies should be geared towards increased money supply and well-organized capital market that can improve general economic efficacy.
Digitisation in agriculture as a factor of competitiveness
Authors: Muñiz Espada Esther , Gamazo Chillón Juan Carlos
Published: December 2020

The authors underlie the qualitative and quantitative importance of agriculture and the agro-industrial sector in the Spanish economy analysed in the light of existing legal regulations and claim that a further development of the agricultural sector will only be possible when new information technologies and the Internet are implemented. Their application is one of the main challenges for the agro-industrial sector in the near future. These challenges justify posing questions about legal regulations on issues such as the ownership and storage of data that relate to the application of new technologies, access to, transfer and circulation of these data, the exchange of data through Internet platforms and the control over these platforms, the responsibility thereof, forms of doing business in the context of the application of new technologies, or, as seems to be the most important, cyber-security.
Memobase – Das Portal zum audiovisuellen Erbe der Schweiz
Authors: Rauh Felix
Published: December 2020

Mit dem multimedialen Portal Memobase macht Memoriav, die Fachstelle für die Erhaltung des audiovisuellen Erbes der Schweiz, Bilder und Töne aus Gedächtnisinstitutionen sicht- und hörbar. Das Portal ermöglicht die Suche in Beständen aus mehr als 60 Institutionen aus allen Sprachregionen der Schweiz. Dazu gehören auch die bewegten Bilder der mehrsprachigen Schweizer Filmwochenschau oder Filme über die humanitären Aktionen des Internationalen Komitees vom Roten Kreuz.
On cupstones in South China
Authors: Fu Yongxu
Published: December 2020

In South China, cupstones, a kind of artifact of ancient cultures bearing unique regional characteristics, are widely distributed. Cupstones are cobbles with concave recesses (cupules) formed by direct processing or wearing for a long-time of use. According to the numbers of the sides exhibiting such recesses, cupstones can be classified into those bearing recesses on one side, on two sides, on three sides, and on four or more sides. The cupstones are distributed in two distinct areas: the inland and coastal regions. They were made and used starting during the Upper Paleolithic Age and persisted into the Warring States period and Qin and Han dynasties, and perhaps even later. These artifacts experienced a development that saw their increase over time in quantity and quality as they changed from being made in rough to finer form. The function of cupstones may not be single; they might have been used to process nuts or shells, or perhaps they functioned as implements or tools for processing stone implements, or as a kind of multipurpose artifact.
A DSL for Resource Checking Using Finite State Automaton-Driven Symbolic Execution
Authors: Fülöp Endre , Pataki Norbert
Published: December 2020

Static analysis is an essential way to find code smells and bugs. It checks the source code without execution and no test cases are required, therefore its cost is lower than testing. Moreover, static analysis can help in software engineering comprehensively, since static analysis can be used for the validation of code conventions, for measuring software complexity and for executing code refactorings as well. Symbolic execution is a static analysis method where the variables (e.g. input data) are interpreted with symbolic values.

Clang Static Analyzer is a powerful symbolic execution engine based on the Clang compiler infrastructure that can be used with C, C++ and Objective-C. Validation of resources’ usage (e.g. files, memory) requires finite state automata (FSA) for modeling the state of resource (e.g. locked or acquired resource). In this paper, we argue for an approach in which automata are in-use during symbolic execution. The generic automaton can be customized for different resources. We present our domain-specific language to define automata in terms of syntactic and semantic rules. We have developed a tool for this approach which parses the automaton and generates Clang Static Analyzer checker that can be used in the symbolic execution engine. We show an example automaton in our domain-specific language and the usage of generated checker.
Non-standard situation detection in smart water metering
Authors: Kainz O. , Karpiel E. , Petija R. , Michalko M. , Jakab F.
Published: December 2020

In this paper an algorithm for detection of nonstandard situations in smart water metering based on machine learning is designed. The main categories for nonstandard situation or anomaly detection and two common methods for anomaly detection are analyzed. The proposed solution needs to fit the requirements for correct, efficient and real-time detection of non-standard situations in actual water consumption with minimal required consumer intervention to its operation. Moreover, a proposal to extend the original hardware solution is described and implemented to accommodate the needs of the detection algorithm. The final implemented and tested solution evaluates anomalies in water consumption for a given time in specific day and month using machine learning with a semi-supervised approach.
Weak Berge Equilibrium in Finite Three-person Games: Conception and Computation
Authors: Kudryavtsev Konstantin , Malkov Ustav
Published: December 2020

The paper proposes the concept of a weak Berge equilibrium. Unlike the Berge equilibrium, the moral basis of this equilibrium is the Hippocratic Oath “First do no harm”. On the other hand, any Berge equilibrium is a weak Berge equilibrium. But, there are weak Berge equilibria, which are not the Berge equilibria. The properties of the weak Berge equilibrium have been investigated. The existence of the weak Berge equilibrium in mixed strategies has been established for finite games. The weak Berge equilibria for finite three-person non-cooperative games are computed.
Biochip-based approach for comprehensive pharmacogenetic testing
Authors: Ikonnikova Anna Yu. , Filippova Marina A. , Surzhikov Sergey A. , Pozhitnova Victoria O. , Kazakov Ruslan E. , Lisitsa Tatiana S. , Belkov Sergey A. , Nasedkina Tatiana V.
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Individual sensitivity to many widely used drugs is significantly associated with genetic factors. The purpose of our work was to develop an instrument for simultaneous determination of the most clinically relevant pharmacogenetic markers to allow personalized treatment, mainly in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Methods

Multiplex one-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by hybridization on a low-density biochip was applied to interrogate 15 polymorphisms in the following eight genes: VKORC1 –1639 G>A, CYP4F2 1297 G>A, GGCX 2374 C>G, CYP2C9 *2,*3 (430 C>T, 1075 A>C), CYP2D6 *3,*4, *6, *9, *41 (2549delA, 1846 G>A, 1707delT, 2615_2617delAAG, 2988 G>A), CYP2C19 *2,*3,*17 (681 G>A, 636 G>A, −806 C>T), ABCB1 (3435 C>T), SLCO1B1 *5.

Results

Two hundred nineteen patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and 48 female patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (BC) were genotyped. Of the 219 CVD patients, 203 (92.7%) carried one or more actionable at-risk genotypes based on VKORC1/CYP2C9, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, SLCO1B1, and CYP2D6 genotypes. Among them, 67 patients (30.6%) carried one, 58 patients (26.5%) carried two, 51 patients (23.3%) carried three, 26 patients (11.9%) carried four, and one patient (0.4%) carried five risk actionable genotypes. In the ER-positive BC group 12 patients (25%) were CYP2D6 intermediate or poor metabolizers.

Conclusions

The developed biochip is applicable for rapid and robust genotyping of patients who were taking a wide spectrum of medications to optimize drugs and dosage and avoid adverse drug reactions in cardiology, oncology, psychiatry, rheumatology and gastroenterology.
Application of laser scanning technology for structure gauge measurement
Authors: Strach Michal , Grabias Przemyslaw
Published: December 2020

One of the basic conditions guaranteeing safe and collision-free operation of rail vehicles is maintaining the structure gauge. Verification of the location of rail infrastructure components is carried out using various measurement techniques. This article describes the accuracy of the gauge measurement with the use of a scanning tachymeter. Tachymetric measurements and laser scanning technology were used in the experimental study of the tram loop area. The analysis covered the possibility of using a point cloud to determine geometrical relationships among the track, traction poles and the overhead line. The quality of the laser scanning data in terms of the measurement frequency, the laser beam angle of incidence per object and the average reflection intensity was examined. Performed verification was based on the data from tachymetric measurements. In the tested area, the track consists of straight sections and several circular arcs of small radii and variable curvature. The specific geometry of the track required calculation of the gauge extension parameters depending on the curve radius. In addition, a horizontal track alignment design was prepared. The designed location of the track and extended dimensions of the structure gauge were used to verify the correct spatial position of the current track in relation to the infrastructure elements.
The modified Blumgart anastomosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a retrospective single center cohort study
Authors: Kalev Georgi , Marquardt Christoph , Matzke Herbert , Matovu Paul , Schiedeck Thomas
Published: December 2020

Objectives

The postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a major complication after pancreatic head resection whereby the technique of the anastomosis is a very influencing factor. The literature describes a possible protective role of the Blumgart anastomosis.

Methods

Patients after pancreatic head resection with reconstruction through the modified Blumgart anastomosis (a 2 row pancreatic anastomosis through mattress sutures of the parenchyma and duct to mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy, Blumgart-group) were compared with patients after pancreatic head resection and reconstruction through the conventional pancreatojejunostomy (single suture technique of capsule and parenchyma to seromuscularis, PJ-group). The Data were collected retrospectively. Depending on the propensity score matching in a ratio of 1:2 comparison groups were set up. Blumgart-group (n=29) and PJ-group (n=56). The primary end point was the rate of POPF. Secondary goals were duration of operation, length of hospital stay, length of stay on intermediate care units and hospital mortality.

Results

The rate of POPF (biochemical leak, POPF “grade B” and POPF “grade C”) was less in the Blumgart-group, but without statistical relevance (p=0.23). Significantly less was the rate of POPF “grade C” in the Blumgart-group (p=0.03). Regarding the duration of hospital stay, length of stay on intermediate care units and hospital mortality, there was no relevant statistical difference between the groups (p=0.1; p=0.4; p=0.7). The duration of the operation was significantly less in the Blumgart-group (p=0.001).

Conclusions

The modified Blumgart anastomosis technique may have the potential to decrease major postoperative pancreatic fistula.
Optimal bounds for the sine and hyperbolic tangent means II
Authors: Nowicka Monika , Witkowski Alfred
Published: December 2020

We provide the optimal bounds for the sine and hyperbolic tangent means in terms of various weighted means of the arithmetic and the contraharmonic means.
Inhibition of key enzymes linked to snake venom induced local tissue damage by kolaviron
Authors: Okafor Azubuike Ikechukwu , Onyike Elewechi
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Snakebite envenoming is an important public health problem that threatens the lives of healthy individuals especially in many tropical countries like Nigeria. Antivenins, the only efficient approach for snakebite envenoming, are limited in their efficacy in the neutralization of local tissue damage. Snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2), protease, hyaluronidase and l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) are the major hydrolytic enzymes involve in local tissue damage. Therefore, this study evaluates the inhibitory effect of kolaviron (KV) against Naja n. nigricollis (NNN) snake venom hydrolytic enzymes involved in local tissue damage.

Methods

Kolaviron was evaluated for its ability to inhibit the hydrolytic enzyme activities of NNN venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2), protease, hyaluronidase and l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO). Present study also deals with the neutralization of NNN venom enzyme(s) induced complications such as myotoxic, edemic, hemolytic and procoagulant effects.

Results

Kolaviron inhibited the PLA2, protease, hyaluronidase and LAAO enzyme activities of NNN venom in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, myotoxic, edemic, hemolytic and procoagulant effects induced by NNN venom enzyme were neutralized significantly (p<0.05) when different doses of KV were pre-incubated with venom before assays.

Conclusions

These findings clearly present kolaviron as a potent inhibitor against NNN venom hydrolytic enzymes involved in local tissue damage and may act by either forming an inhibitor-enzyme complex that restricts the substrate availability to the enzyme or direct binding to the enzyme active site that affects the enzyme activity thereby mitigating venom-induced toxicity.
Relationship of acanthosis nigricans with metabolic syndrome in obese children
Authors: Daye Munise , Selver Eklioglu Beray , Atabek Mehmet Emre
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Acanthosis nigricans is a skin symptom in obesity that helps to identify patients at high risk for dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and diabetes. It is the most important complication of obesity in metabolic syndrome. Studies investigating the relationship between acanthosis nigricans and metabolic syndrome in obese children are insufficient. In our study, the relationship of acanthosis nigricans and metabolic syndrome was evaluated in children.

Methods

Obese children aged between 6 and 18 years old, who were examined in the pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinic, were included. The patients’ anthropometric measurements and laboratory results were recorded. Modified IDF (International Diabetes Federation) criteria for children were used in metabolic syndrome classification.

Results

A hundred and forty-eight obese children were evaluated. The mean age of the cases was 11.91 ± 2.94 years old. Of the cases, 56.1% were female (n=83) 43.9% (n=65) were male. In 39.9% (n=59) of cases, acanthosis nigricans was determined. Acanthosis nigricans was mostly located in the axillary area (27.1%) and the neck (16.9%). In 55.9% of the cases, it was located in more than one area. The relation of regionally detected acanthosis nigricans and metabolic syndrome was not significant (p=0.291). Metabolic syndrome was detected in 14% of 136 patients according to IDF criteria. Acanthosis nigricans and metabolic syndrome combination was present in 27.7%; however, 6.7% of the metabolic syndrome patients did not have acanthosis nigricans. There was a strong relation between metabolic syndrome and the presence of acanthosis nigricans (p=0.003).

Conclusions

In our study, a correlation between acanthosis nigricans and metabolic syndrome was detected. Acanthosis nigricans is a skin sign that can be easily detected by clinician. It is an important and easy-to-detect dermatosis that helps determine patients at risk of metabolic syndrome in obese children.
Actualized Redemption in the Thought of Franz Rosenzweig and Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik
Authors: Fisher Cass
Published: December 2020

Redemption in Judaism is typically thought of as an historical and eschatological category: God has redeemed Israel in the past and will do so again in the future. Although this dipolar understanding of redemption has been dominant in Judaism, forms of actualized redemption have also found expression in which Jews, either individually or communally, secure a positive redemptive status in the present. This article focuses on the peculiar fact that Franz Rosenzweig and Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik both include an actualized component within their theories of redemption. After brief consideration of Kierkegaard as a potential source for their accounts of actualized redemption, I explore how actualized redemption fits into Rosenzweig’s and Soloveitchik’s larger thought and consider their philosophical and theological motivations for conceiving of redemption as achievable. In the concluding section of the paper, I critique Rosenzweig’s and Solovetchik’s accounts of actualized redemption and suggest that Abraham Joshua Heschel’s and Eliezer Berkovits’ alternative theological anthropologies that emphasize the cultivation of holiness circumvent some of the problems I associate with actualized redemption.
Fabrication and charge storage capacitance of PPY/TiO2/PPY jacket nanotube array
Authors: Xie Yibing
Published: December 2020

A PPY/TiO2/PPY jacket nanotube array was fabricated by coating PPY layer on the external and internal surface of a tube wall-separated TiO2 nanotube array. It shows coaxial triple-walled nanotube structure with two PPY nanotube layers sandwiching one TiO2 nanotube layer. PPY/TiO2/PPY reveals much higher current response than TiO2. The theoretical calculation indicates PPY/TiO2/PPY reveals higher density of states and lower band gap, accordingly presenting higher conductivity and electroactivity, which is consistent with the experimental result of a higher current response. The electroactivity is highly enhanced in H2SO4 rather than Na2SO4 electrolyte due to feasible pronation process of PPY in an acidic solution. PPY/TiO2/PPY could conduct the redox reaction in H2SO4 electrolyte which involves the reversible protonation/deprotonation and HSO4
− doping/dedoping process and accordingly contributes to Faradaic pseudocapacitance. The specific capacitance is highly enhanced from 1.7 mF cm−2 of TiO2 to 123.4 mF cm−2 of PPY/TiO2/PPY at 0.1 mA cm−2 in H2SO4 electrolyte. The capacitance also declines from 123.4 to 31.7 mF cm−2 when the current density increases from 0.1 to 1 mA cm−2, presenting the rate capacitance retention of 26.7% due to the semiconductivity of TiO2. A PPY/TiO2/PPY jacket nanotube with high charge storage capacitance is regarded as a promising supercapacitor electrode material.
Does better availability mean better accessibility? Spatial inequalities in the care of acute myocardial infarction in Hungary
Authors: Uzzoli Annamária , Egri Zoltán , Szilágyi Dániel , Pál Viktor
Published: December 2020

The availability of health care services is an important issue, however, improving availability of health care services does not necessarily mean better accessibility for everybody. The main aim of this study is to find out how better availability in the care of acute myocardial infarction vary with accessibility of patients’ geographical location within Hungary. We applied statistical analysis and interview techniques to unfold the role of spatiality in the conditions of access to health care. Results of statistical analysis indicate significant health inequalities in Hungary. Decreasing national mortality rates of acute myocardial infarction, has been coupled by increasing spatial inequalities within the country especially at micro-regional level. According to in-depth interviews with local health care stakeholders we defined factors that support access to health care as well as important barriers. The supporting factors are related to the improvement of availability (i.e. infrastructural developments), while geographical distance, lack of material and human resources, or low level of health literacy proved to be the most relevant barriers. Main conclusion is that barriers to accessibility and availability are not only spatial but are also based on individual stages of acute myocardial infarction care. The development of cardiac catheter centres in Hungary has improved the short-term chances of infarction survival, but long-term survival chances have worsened in recent years due to deficiencies in rehabilitation care as well as low level of health literacy.
O processo de leitura de questões de espanhol do Enem
Authors: Miranda Mariana da Silva , Rodrigues Erica dos Santos , Preuss Elena Ortiz
Published: December 2020

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo de rastreamento ocular sobre o processo de leitura de alunos do ensino médio na realização de provas de espanhol do Enem-2017. O objetivo foi identificar estratégias de leitura e dificuldades na realização da prova por dois grupos de participantes: um com mais (GA) e outro com menos (GB) tempo de estudo dessa língua. Foram analisados os registros dos movimentos oculares, a acurácia e o tempo de realização da tarefa. Dados do rastreamento mostraram que, nos dois grupos, a rota preferida de leitura é do texto às alternativas e que extensão e grau de complexidade textual parecem afetar o número e a duração das fixações. Os dois grupos diferiram de forma significativa quanto ao total de acertos nas questões, com melhor resultado obtido pelo GA. Portanto, o tempo de estudo da língua parece afetar o desempenho dos participantes no que diz respeito à compreensão textual.
«Muy deseada y querida esposa mía de mis ojos»: formas nominales en las cartas de llamada escritas por emigrantes a las Américas a sus esposas, siglos XVI a XIX
Authors: Kluge Bettina
Published: December 2020

Las cartas de llamada son cartas privadas escritas por personas ya emigradas a las Américas, con las cuales los destinatarios procuraban licencia de embarque para emigrar. El interés tanto de historiadores como de filólogos desde la primera edición de Otte, cubriendo el periodo entre 1540 y 1616, no ha parado. Esta contribución examina las formas nominales empleadas a lo largo de los siglos XVI a XIX, en las cartas de esposos a sus conyúges, identificándose cuatro periodos. Mientras que en el primer periodo, el siglo XVI, se notan formas como señora, hermana, mujer e hija, hasta la mitad del siglo XVIII prevalecen esposa e hija más alguna fórmula de afecto como esposa mía y querida de mis ojos. A partir de 1778, aumentan fórmulas parecidas al tratamiento moderno, especialmente querida + nombre propio.
SANAYİ 4.0 OLGUNLUK DÜZEYİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİNE YÖNELİK ÇOK KRİTERLİ BİR YAKLAŞIM: LOJİSTİK SEKTÖRÜ UYGULAMASI
Authors: BAKİ Birdoğan , SERDAR Duygu
Published: December 2020

Son dönemlerde ortaya çıkan en önemli kavramlardan biri olan Sanayi 4.0, firmaların hem daha yüksek teknolojik seviyeye hem de daha yüksek verimlilik düzeyine ulaşmasına imkan sağlamaktadır. Sanayi 4.0 olgunluk modelleri ise, çeşitli göstergelerle/kriterlerle firmaların mevcut durumlarını ölçerek olması gereken yere nasıl ulaşacağını ve firmaların Sanayi 4.0’a hazır olma durumlarını değerlendiren modellerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, IMPULS olgunluk modeli ile lojistik firmaların Sanayi 4.0 olgunluk düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik iki farklı yaklaşım önermektir. Bu amaçla, önerilen Ağırlıklandırılmış Olgunluk Puan Hesaplama Modeli Yaklaşımı (AHP-Olgunluk Puan Hesaplama Yöntemi) ve Çok Kriterli Olgunluk Modeli Yaklaşımı (AHP-TOPSIS ve AHP-VIKOR) ile firmaların sıralaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, AHP yöntemiyle kriter ağırlıklarının hesaplanması sonucunda en yüksek ağırlığa sahip kriterin strateji ve organizasyon olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, önerilen her iki yaklaşımında benzer sonuçlar verdiği ve olgunluk düzeyinin ölçümünde kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
New Urbanism and Contextual Relativity: Insights from Sweden
Authors: Filep Crystal , Thompson-Fawcett Michelle
Published: December 2020

Contextual relativities in the diversifying expression of New Urbanism are increasingly important. In this article, we explore the significance of context using a Scandinavian setting as example. We examine two embodiments of the Swedish realisation of New Urban neighbourhoods. Important in our exploration are the relationalities with contemporary contexts and belief systems, since every effort to create space becomes “an elaboration of the beliefs and values of some collection of people, expressed and fostered in their promotion of a preferred reality” (Stokowski, 2002, p. 374). The findings from the study demonstrate that the Swedish New Urban neighbourhood—no matter how meaningful as a communicative form mediating between agents and structures—cannot effect social cohesion or isolation. Rather, form communicates or evokes meaning in a variety of complex ways, suggesting the importance of “look[ing] to multiply…our readings of the city” (Leach, 1997, p. 158), particularly high-level readings that echo notions of the common good. Those concerned with New Urbanism’s embodiments should deliberate on relational fluidities and thereby strike a balance between conceptualising such urban design as either deterministically exceeding its power (Lawhon, 2009) or as side-lined to the whimsical relativity of particular consumers (Latham, 2003; Smith, 2002).
Case of successful treatment of a patient with ischemictracheoesophageal and tracheopleural fistulas after a mckeown hybrid esophagectomy
Authors: Kruglov E. A. , Pobedinseva Yu. A. , Filimonov E. V. , Ilin A. A. , Kolotilov Yu. A. , Yablokov I. N. , Chervonogorodskij I. V. , Unguryan V. M.
Published: December 2020

The occurrence of tracheal fistulas of ischemic genesis combined with the failure of esophagogastroanastomosis and the communication between them is a rare and formidable complication after esophagectomy with mediastinal lymphadenectomy due to its anatomical position and extensiveness. However, it is insufficiently documented in the literature, both in terms of treatment and in terms of its causes. This observation aims to demonstrate the rare cause of this complication and the atypical successful treatment. In this case, a patient with squamous cell carcinoma G2 of the middle third of the esophagus and TNM stage cT3NxM0. On the McKeown thoracoscopic-laparotomy esophagectomy intraoperatively a short arterial vessel with a diameter of about 3 mm, which passed through the paracancerous infiltration and supplied blood to the esophagus and trachea revealed. The vessel was not isolated from the infiltrate, but was clipped and crossed between the aorta and infiltrate to maintain surgery ablastic. On the 7th day after the operation the insolvency of esophagogastroanastomosis, the fistula of the trachea with mediastinum and the communication between the leak of esophagogastroanastomosis and the fistula of the trachea were diagnosed. We consider this combination as a special case of esophagogastroanastomosis fistula, complicated by the communication between the right pleural cavity and pneumothorax. According to our experience, partial leak of esophagogastroanastomosis successfully heals by secondary tension within 10–15 days against the background of cervicotomic wound drainage and feeding through a nasointestinal tube. In this case there was a leak of saliva in the mediastinum and its penetration into the lumen of the trachea and the right pleural cavity. Surgical diversion of the fistula and stenting of the trachea were considered, but not applied, as the fistula in our opinion was controlled, but the aggressive content of the gastric conduit prevented healing. The patient was on assisted lung ventilation with minimal pressure support and inflow increased oxygen fractio. For this reason, we considered the best stenting of the esophagogastroanastomosis leak area to be covered with a stent in order to stop the aggressive content of the gastric stem from entering the fistula, which led to the successful treatment of the developed severe complication. It should be noted that this method of treatment may be ineffective in patients who need pressure support during ventilation.
Levels of growth factors in the lungs affected by cancer with preventive effect of 1,3-diethylbenzimidazolium triiodide in the experiment
Authors: Frantsiyants E. M. , Kaplieva I. V. , Trepitaki L. K.
Published: December 2020

Purpose of the study. Analyzing the dynamics of VEGF-А, TGF-β and their receptors in the lung tissues in rats with antitumor effect of 1,3-diethylbenzimidazolium triiodide (Stellanin).

Material and methods. The study included white outbred rats weighing 180–220 g. The main group included males (n=27) and females (n=27) with sarcoma 45 (s45) inoculated into the subclavian vein but not developed in the lungs (2×106 cells in 0.5 ml of saline) due to the subsequent intragastric administration of Stellanin (0.4 mg/kg once a day) according to an intermittent scheme: administration for 5 days and a break for 2 days. The control group included males (n=14) and females (n=14) without treatment with growing s45 in the lungs. Intact groups included 5 males and 5 females. After 4, 5 and 8 weeks of the experiment animals were decapitated, and levels of VEGF-A, sVEGF-R1, sVEGF-R2, TGF-β and sTGFβR2 were measured in 10% lung homogenates by ELISA (CUSABIO BIOTECH Co., Ltd., China).

Results. Lung tissues of intact females showed 1.4 times (p<0.05) lower VEGF-А and 3.3 times higher sVEGF-R1, compared to males. The development of tumors in all control rats was accompanied by the VEGF-А increase (by 1.6–3.0 times) and the TGF-β reduction (by 3 times). The dynamics of both VEGF receptors differed in males and females. The levels of sVEGF-R1 in males increased by 1.5 times (p<0.05), while in females it decreased by 1.8 times (p<0.05), and as a result, the levels became similar in all animals. The levels of sVEGF-R2 in males decreased by 2 times, and in females it increased by 1.4 times (p<0.05), so the sVEGF-R2 content in females became 2.4 times higher than in males. In two-thirds of rats, Stellanin prevented s45 development in the lungs due to inhibition of VEGF-A growth by more than 2.0 times and an increase in concentrations of sVEGF-R1 by 10.0 times and TGF-β by 6.0 times, together with normalization of sVEGF-R2 and sTGFβR2.

Conclusions. Stellanin prevents the development of malignant process in the lungs by inhibiting neoangiogenesis (deficiency of VEGF-A and excess of sVEGF-R1) and suppressing the proliferation of malignant cells (TGF-β growth).
Optimum technique of carotid artery reconstruction in her atherosclerotic lesion
Authors: Akhmetov V. V. , Dunaeva V. I. , Vryganov F. A. , Ordynets S. V. , Dudano I. P.
Published: December 2020

Purpose of the study.Was to compare the early and long-term results of different variants of the classical KEAE.

Materials and methods.In a retrospective study, we collected data on 1.242 patients who trans- ferred KEA from January 2011 to December 2019, using a patch was performed in 239 cases in 1003 — primary suture closure. We used 3 methods of arteriotomy closure with the use of a patch. There were 848 men and 394 women, the average age was 63.16 years, all of them were sympto- matic. Most patients had a transient disorder (49.2%) or ischemic stroke (50.8%). All patients had significant (moderate to severe) carotid stenosis. After the operation 5 (0.4%) patients had ischemic stroke, 1 (0.08%) had n. hypo-glossus damage, 3 (0.24%) had postoperative hematoma. The usual endarterectomy was performed without a shunt in all cases. All arteriotomies were mostly open. Early and late results of this procedure with a period of observation of at least 36 months were ana-lyzed: technical aspects of arteriotomy, features of restoration of the integrity of the vessel, changes in the "geometry" of the vessel, the use of zaplat. We studied the state of hemodynamics and complications in the early (30 days) and late postoperative period, the development of restenosis was compared between groups during the 36 months of observation. 

Results.When assessing the geometrical changes in the group with the patching, it was noted that the worst results were obtained using the technique with a U-shaped fixation suture on the distal part of the patch and the use of a wide patch. When using a narrow patch geometric changes in the width of the patch are the smallest. The main reason of the frequent geometrical changes in the dis-tal part of the patch was the patch wrapping inside the artery with the formation of a duplicate. The application of the modified technique of patch closure allowed to reduce the number of distortions in the operation area, to avoid the formation of artery stenoses in the place of patch imposition, to prevent changes in the bifurcation geometry of the internal carotid artery. The best results in the application of the primary edge suture were obtained by the method of closing the arteriotomy with the counter edge suture with the precision control of the application. The application of the U-shaped suture along the edges of the arteriotomy allowed avoiding deformations in this place. Con-trol of needle injection by means of straightening and lifting of the wall edge ensured absence of deformations in the suture.

Conclusions.The post-CEAE closure technique affects the hemodynamic profile. Sewing patch-ing does not seem to create favorable flow dynamics. Consideration should be given to the elective use of the patch to improve disturbed flows. However, the linear precision suture remains the method of choice for suturing the arteriotomy.
Stenting of the upper urinary tract: from bottom, from top, from side...
Authors: Novikov A. B. , Sergeev V. P. , Ergakov D. V. , Galliamov E. A. , Martov A. G.
Published: December 2020

Internal stenting of the upper urinary tract is a widespread urological surgery. Its frequency in modern practice is high and continues to grow due to the widespread use of endourological, percutaneous, and laparoscopic interventions. The presence of a stent in the patient's body often leads to a decrease in the quality of life due to the occurrence of stent-dependent symptoms, which often requires urgent hospitalization. According to various data, they are registered in at least 80% of patients. The most common stent-dependent symptoms are frequent and / or painful urination, urge to mix (up to imperative), nocturia, pain in the lumbar region, macrohematuria. According to existing data, a fair share of responsibility for the development of these symptoms lies with the distal (vesicular) curl of the internal stent, especially if the technology of its installation is not followed or the length of the drainage is incorrectly selected. The review describes methods for correct installation of internal ureteral stents by transurethral retrograde, antegrade, and laparoscopic approaches, as well as a method for installing and removing mono-pigtail drains. The internal drainage procedure is standard, so the focus is on the nuances and details of this widespread manipulation. The given cohort of patients and the range of surgical interventions indicate a significant experience of the authors in this issue. All illustrations are author's own and taken from the daily workflow. It should be noted that the modern understanding of the process and technological equipment ensure correct stenting when performing any interventions with any access. An adequate choice of installation method and correct positioning of the stent, knowledge of simple details and "secrets" allow not only to restore urodynamics, but also to effectively prevent the development of stent-dependent symptoms, thereby preserving patients quality of life.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA PEDAGOGIA HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA PARA ORGANIZAÇÃO DO ENSINO NA PRÉ-ESCOLA: EM BUSCA DE PRINCÍPIOS
Authors: Macacari Pollyana Pereira , Moya Paula
Published: December 2020

Neste artigo apresentam-se as contribuições da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica para organização do ensino na pré-escola, investigadas a partir de um estudo bibliográfico contemplando os pressupostos de Saviani (1994; 2007; 2011; 2012), Martins (2013a; 2013b) e Gasparin (2011). Iniciamos discutindo sobre a origem e o desenvolvimento da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica, que surgiu no final da década de 1970, diante da necessidade de construção de uma teoria crítica para orientar a educação brasileira. Embasados nesses estudos, refletimos sobre a educação infantil, sua historicidade, aspectos legais, destacando os fundamentos sobre o desenvolvimento da criança de 4 a 5 anos, em especial, os conceitos sobre a periodização infantil. Por fim, embasados nesses elementos teóricos apresentamos como resultado três princípios para orientar a organização do ensino na pré-escola, são eles: A importância de um ensino pautado em conhecimentos científicos na educação infantil; A periodização do desenvolvimento psíquico e as implicações para a organização do ensino na educação infantil; e a Tríade entre sujeito-conteúdo-forma na organização do planejamento de ensino na educação infantil.
TURNING TOWARD INTERSECTIONALITY IN SOCIAL MOVEMENT RESEARCH*
Authors: Luna Zakiya , Jesudason Sujatha , Kim Mimi E.
Published: December 2020

This opening essay introduces Mobilization’s twenty-fifth anniversary issue on intersectionality and social movement research. We reference several works in the field that offer insights into the multiplicity of iterations, practices, and attempts to do intersectionality at the level of social movements, mass mobilization and movement research. We discuss how the new inward focus among many practitioners in the field often reveals the dilemma of intersectionality studies, which was reflected in the breadth of submissions to this special issue. We review how the studies in this issue specifically focus on the co-constructions of relationships and intersections of categories, and reflect on how the editors’ crossdisciplinary collaboration shaped this important collection of research.
Some comments on the production of a legitimate artificial abortion by scraping
Authors: Mandelstam I. G.
Published: December 2020

Recently, two works have appeared in the Russian medical literature, treating about scooping or scraping as a method for producing a legitimate artificial miscarriage: part of the pr., I. Lvov), and part of the pr., A. A. Muratov). Both of these authors refer to an article by Dr. P. Puech, entitled: "Du Curettage comme mthode d'avortement artificiel", published in the August book of Annales de Gyncologie et d'obsttr. for 1895. Within the meaning of this reference, one may think that Puech was the first to recommend this method in print as an independent one and pointed out its advantages over all other methods practiced before to induce an artificial abortion. Lvov (1. p.), Says: True, many other authors resorted to removing the fetal egg from the uterus with a sharp or blunt spoon, but they resorted to this method not on their own, but accidentally, as an auxiliary technique when it was impossible to remove fertile eggs in another way. "
I. The Indigestion of breast Babies
II. Artificial feeding of Infants
III. How shall we feed the Baby
Authors: Ginzburg M.
Published: December 2020

Prof. Carmichael says that doctors deal with less digestive disorders in breastfed babies than they do in formula-fed babies.
50 cases of complete extirpation of the uterus through the sleeve according to the Doyen-Landau method
Authors: Feinberg B.
Published: December 2020

B. explains the insignificance of the number of operations by the fact that prof. Pernice from the clinic who took these cases adheres to the following views.
Artificial expansion of the narrow pelvis
Authors: Weber F.
Published: December 2020

Frank, director of the obstetric institute in Cologne, performed in 1894 on a patient who, due to a narrow pelvis, underwent symphysiotomy and who could hardly walk due to nonunion of the pubic articulation, a secondary operation, and he refreshed the articular surfaces of the joint and inserted a piece of bone taken between them them together with a skin flap from the right horizontal branch of the pubic bone.
To the diagnosis of twin pregnancy
Authors: Khazan S. Yu.
Published: December 2020

An absolutely correct diagnosis of twin pregnancy is not as easy as many people think, and this circumstance is especially evident when the doctor's course of action depends on the correct diagnosis.
Treatment of 2 cases of cancer with serum. Recovery
Authors: B — r V.
Published: December 2020

Last year on the pages of Dtscbe med. Wochenschr. there was a heated debate about the treatment of cancers with erysipelas between professors such as Bruns, Emmerich, Petersen, and others; accidental or artificially grafted erysipelas is known to have beneficial effects on cancer.
A case of intrauterine infection of the fetus with typhoid bacilli
Authors: Kelly V.
Published: December 2020

A typhoid patient had a miscarriage of twins, dead.
A case of cystic neoplasm of the small lip
Authors: Yakobson V. L.
Published: December 2020

In the gynecological department of the Imperial Clinical Midwifery Institute, a case of cystic formation was observed this year, which had the right labrum in its place; the description of this case is the subject of my report.
1. Puerperal Eclampsia without renal symptoms; bloodsetting; Recovery
2. Vensection in puerneral Eklampsia
Authors: Ginzburg M.
Published: December 2020

Dr. Gr. was hastily summoned to a 19-year-old 1 woman in labor, who had an attack of eclamptic convulsions. The pregnancy proceeded normally, the young woman, who had been completely healthy before, walked about a mile on foot, from her to her mother, where she felt sick, she fell to the floor and began to have convulsions. Dr. Gr. found her unconscious; the child is dead, lying between the legs of the parturient woman; by cutting the umbilical cord, the patient was taken to bed; a few minutes later came the afterbirth. The eclamptic attacks did not stop. G. chloroformed the patient, poured 1 drachma chloral-hydrate per rectum: nothing helped. Then Dr. Gibson bled the mother at 12 oz. The attacks became shorter and easier, and after 6 hours the postpartum woman regained consciousness, and the next day she was out of danger.
Six chafing
Authors: Poteenko V. V.
Published: December 2020

In the course of almost one year, from the beginning of March 1896 to April 1897, I made six gynecological abdominal surgeries for a wide variety of diseases of the abdominal organs. Of course, in themselves, at the present time, gluttony is a fairly frequent and ordinary operation. I dare to publish these cases, in addition to the variety of reasons that served as an indication for the operation, being guided by the rarity of these operations in the railway hospital.
Posterior colpotomy (colpotomia posterior) with inflammation of the uterine appendages and neoplasms in them
Authors: Lvov Yv. M.
Published: December 2020

In 1892, in The Doctor, I published my first article the removal of the uterine appendages and their neoplasms through the vagina. In this article, on the basis of my clinical observations, I recommended for some cases a new surgical method for removing large appendages of the uterus and their neoplasms through the posterior fornix. This article of mine caused only one critical note by Dr. Tipyakov in the same "Doctor" in which he spoke out against this operation. I replied to this article with a second article, also in Physician for the same 1892, in which I proved with new clinical observations the relevance and superiority of this operation before gluttony in certain cases. Then, until 1895, no attention was paid to my proposal, and only from that time, when the question of vaginae fixatio uteri began to be developed in German literature, and then when prof. Dhrssen's proposal to remove uterine appendages and some neoplasms of the uterus using colpotomiae anterior, since that time the question of the significance of colpotomiae anterior et posterior for removing diseased uterine appendages and their neoplasms has become fashionable on the pages of the special medical press. At the present time, the literature on this issue is quite large and I will not expound it here, since this issue will be examined in detail in a special work of my friend Dr. P. Ya. Teplov, which will soon appear in print. I currently wish only to summarize my clinical data on posterior colpotomia.