bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Shifting Sands of Centre and Periphery: Education and Anglican schools in New South Wales
Authors: Scott John T. , Armstrong Ann Cheryl
Published: May 2014

This article explores historical and current connections and dissonances between centre and periphery in the particular context of Anglican schools in New South Wales, Australia, and their contested relationship with Britain. There is increasing recognition of Australia as a multi-faith society linked to the growth of multiculturalism. In attempting to embrace this new multicultural and multi-faith reality Australian faith-based schools experience significant tensions with their historical traditions within a colonial, settler society. This dialectic is seen in the challenge to delineate a faith-based understanding of the transforming nature of their education and the transformed nature of the society they seek to serve, engaging in the critical self-consciousness and authentic praxis that are the hallmarks of conscientisation. The authors consider the public documentation of four Anglican schools as cases, and argue that there are no clear statements that locate the schools as proudly Australian, pursuing Australian values as they seek to transform Australian society, in the spirit of Freire's prophetic church. The authors ask whether (1) the solid foundations for Anglican schools are to be found in the liberal traditions of the North and (2) whether there are new expressions of faith and educational philosophy appropriate to post-colonialist Australia which can form the basis of an authentic and transformative praxis.
Prospective Associations of Vitamin D Status With β-Cell Function, Insulin Sensitivity, and Glycemia: The Impact of Parathyroid Hormone Status
Authors: Kramer Caroline K. , Swaminathan Balakumar , Hanley Anthony J. , Connelly Philip W. , Sermer Mathew , Zinman Bernard , Retnakaran Ravi
Published: May 2014

Previous studies have yielded conflicting findings on the relationship between low vitamin D (25-OH-D) and impaired glucose homeostasis. In this context, we hypothesized that combined assessment of 25-OH-D with its regulator parathyroid hormone (PTH) may be required for optimal evaluation of the impact of vitamin D status on glucose metabolism. Thus, we evaluated the prospective associations of 25-OH-D and PTH at 3 months postpartum with β-cell function (Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 [ISSI-2]), insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index), and glycemia at 12 months postpartum in 494 women undergoing serial metabolic characterization. Notably, 32% of those with prediabetes/diabetes mellitus at 12 months postpartum had both vitamin D deficiency and PTH in the highest tertile at 3 months postpartum. On multiple-adjusted linear regression analyses, vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency with PTH in the highest tertile at 3 months independently predicted poorer β-cell function (P = 0.03) and insulin sensitivity (P = 0.01) and increased fasting (P = 0.03) and 2-h glucose (P = 0.002) at 12 months postpartum. In contrast, vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency with lower PTH did not predict these outcomes. In conclusion, only vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency with increased PTH is an independent predictor of β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and glycemia, highlighting the need for consideration of the PTH/25-OH-D axis when studying the impact of vitamin D status on glucose homeostasis.
Delay-induced state transition and resonance in periodically driven tumor model with immune surveillance
Authors: Yang Tao , Han Qinglin , Zeng Chunhua , Wang Hua , Fu Yunchang , Zhang Chun
Published: May 2014

The phenomenon of stochastic resonance (SR) in a tumor growth model under the presence of immune surveillance is investigated. Time delay and cross-correlation between multiplicative and additive noises are considered in the system. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is calculated when periodic signal is introduced multiplicatively. Our results show that: (i) the time delay can accelerate the transition from the state of stable tumor to that of extinction, however the correlation between two noises can accelerate the transition from the state of extinction to that of stable tumor; (ii) the time delay and correlation between two noises can lead to a transition between SR and double SR in the curve of SNR as a function of additive noise intensity, however for the curve of SNR as a function of multiplicative noise intensity, the time delay can cause the SR phenomenon to disappear, and the cross-correlation between two noises can lead to a transition from SR to stochastic reverse-resonance. Finally, we compare the SR phenomenon for the multiplicative periodic signal with that for additive periodic signal in the tumor growth model with immune surveillance.
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in two returning travellers in the Netherlands, May 2014
Authors: Kraaij – Dirkzwager M , Timen A , Dirksen K , Gelinck L , Leyten E , Groeneveld P , Jansen C , Jonges M , Raj S , Thurkow I , van Gageldonk-Lafeber R , van der Eijk A , Koopmans M ,   on behalf of MERS-CoV outbreak investigation team of the Netherlands
Published: June 2014

Two patients, returning to the Netherlands from pilgrimage in Medina and Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were diagnosed with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in May 2014. The source and mode of transmission have not yet been determined. Hospital-acquired infection and community-acquired infection are both possible.
Supporting Knowledge Translation Through Evaluation: Evaluator as Knowledge Broker
Authors: Donnelly Catherine , Letts Lori , Klinger Don , Shulha Lyn
Published: May 2014

Abstract: The evaluation literature has focused on the evaluation of knowledge translation activities, but to date there is little, if any, record of attempts to use evaluation in support of knowledge translation. This study sought to answer the question: How can an evaluation be designed to facilitate knowledge translation? A single prospective case study design was employed. An evaluation of a memory clinic within a primary care setting in Ontario, Canada, served as the case. Three data sources were used: an evaluation log, interviews, and weekly e-newsletters. Three broad themes emerged around the importance of context, efforts supporting knowledge translation, and the building of KT capacity.
Toward a Definition of Evaluation Within the Canadian Context: Who Knew This Would Be So Difficult?
Authors: Poth Cheryl , Lamarche Mary Kay , Yapp Alvin , Sulla Erin , Chisamore Cairine
Published: May 2014

Abstract: This article describes the systematic examination and membership consultation process undertaken to define evaluation within the Canadian context. To that end, the article (a) presents the findings from a literature scan and analysis of social media postings, (b) considers the outcomes of the audience discussion during the presentation at the 2013 Canadian Evaluation Society conference, and (c) offers ideas for next steps. Together, the literature scan results, social media analysis, and membership discussion reveal that no single definition currently exists. Further, there are indications that a shared definition would be difficult to achieve within the Canadian evaluation community. Among the potential implications discussed is that a single definition might restrict or oversimplify the current scope of practice, given the wide range of contexts and purposes for evaluation in Canada.
Effectiveness of Coatings on the Corrosion Resistance of the External Surface of Concrete Structures
Authors: Aydin Özlem , Çizmecioglu Zeki
Published: May 2014

Studies have been carried out to investigate the performance of silane-siloxane based hydrophobic emulsion coatings and of special amino alcohol based organic and inorganic mixture inhibitor coatings. The coated and uncoated concrete specimens were subjected to accelerated corrosion to determine the time-to-corrosion-initiation. The accelerated corrosion test results clearly showed that the specimens coated with the silan-siloxane based hydrophobic emulsion performed better than concrete specimens coated with special amino alcohol based organic and inorganic inhibitor mixture.
Wear Properties of Fe-Cr-C and B4C Powder Coating on AISI 316 Stainless Steel Analyzed by the Taguchi Method
Authors: Gur Ali Kaya , Ozay Cetin , Orhan Ayhan , Buytoz Soner , Caligulu Ugur , Yigitturk Necmettin
Published: May 2014

In this study, the plasma arc welded cladding of FeCrC and B4C powder mixtures alloyed with 70 wt.- % Cr on the surface of AISI 316 stainless steel was investigated. Application of the Taguchi method revealed respective effects on the abrasive wear resistance of the cladding layer on the stainless steel. The abrasive wear behaviour of the AISI 316 stainless steel surfaces coated with Fe-Cr-C and with 10 wt.-%, 15 wt.-%, 20 wt.-%, and 25 wt.-% B4C was investigated by using four loads and four distances for the 220 mesh SiC abrasive. Results were analyzed by variance analysis using ANOVA, and effects of parameters on the wear rate were determined as percentage rate. Furthermore, the error ratio was statistically evaluated. The experimental results were analyzed by the respective analysis of means and variance which is discussed in detail.
Synthesis and oxidation behavior of Al4SiC4 – Al – Si composites
Authors: Yu Chao , Zhu Hongxi , Yuan Wenjie , Deng Chengji , Zhou Shimin
Published: May 2014

Al4SiC4 – Al – Si composites were synthesized using a mixture of calcined bauxite, silicon carbide and carbon black as the starting materials. Al4SiC4 began to form at >1 600 °C and Al and Si were identified at 1 800 °C. Al and Si formed only when silicon carbide was in excess of the amount of SiC necessary to form Al4SiC4. The synthesized powders consisted of irregular plate-like crystals and the surfaces were molten-like. The oxidation characteristics of Al4SiC4 – Al – Si composites as antioxidants were better than the oxidation characteristics of pure Al4SiC4, since their action took place mainly at 400 – 700 °C (Al – Si) and above 850 °C (Al4SiC4).
Effect of boron on wear and erosion of WC – Ni vacuum brazed coating
Authors: Joo Hyung Goun , Lee Kang Yong
Published: May 2014

Two types of WC – Ni cermet composite coating samples were manufactured using conventional vacuum brazing. One included boron in an Ni – Cr – Si brazing alloy powder sheet, and the other did not. Ball-on-disk wear testing and erosion testing by solid particle attacks were conducted to study their properties. The microstructure of each sample was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns were also surveyed and the 3D morphologies of the eroded surface were investigated. Boron addition in the brazing alloy sheet was more effective in improving the abrasive wear resistance than erosion of solid particle impaction.
Constitutive modelling of mill loads during hot rolling of AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Nkhoma Richard K. C. , Siyasiya Charles W. , Stumpf Waldo E.
Published: June 2014

A modelled constitutive equation derived from hot working tests to predict hot rolling mill loads is proposed and validated against industrial hot rolling data for AISI 321 stainless steel. Good correlation is found between the predicted mean flow stress, the Zener–Hollomon Z parameter and actual industrial mill load values from mill logs if allowances are made for differences in von Mises plane strain conversion, friction and front or back end tension. The multipass hot working behaviour of this steel was simulated through Gleeble thermomechanical compression testing with the deformation temperature varying between 1200°C down to 800°C and the strain rate between 0.001 s−1 and 5 s−1. At strain rates greater than 0.05 s−1, dynamic recovery as a softening mechanism was dominant, increasing the dynamic recrystallisation to dynamic recovery transition temperature to higher temperatures. This implies that through extrapolation to typical industrial strain rates of about 60 s−1, most likely no dynamic recrystallisation in plant hot rolling occurs in this steel but only dynamic recovery. Grain refinement by dynamic recrystallisation is, therefore, unlikely in this steel under plant hot rolling conditions. Finally, mill load modelling using the hot working constitutive constants of the near-equivalent AISI 304 instead of those specifically determined for AISI 321, introduces measurable differences in the predicted mill loads. The use of alloy-specific hot working constants even for near-equivalent steels is, therefore, recommended.
Reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites with different diameters and crystallinity of TiO2 nanoparticles – synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity
Authors: Aleksandrzak Malgorzata , Onyszko Magdalena , Zielińska Beata , Mijowska Ewa
Published: June 2014

TiO2-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites with different diameters and crystallinity of titania nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol-gel method followed by calcination in air or treatment under vacuum. The materials were characterized with transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and diffuse-reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the resulting materials was examined in the process of phenol decomposition under UV–vis light irradiation. The influences of TiO2 loading and calcination treatment on photocatalytic activity of the composites were investigated. It was found that higher TiO2 concentrations resulted in higher photocatalytic activity. This is in agreement with the band gap energy values, as lower visible light absorption and higher E
g values were obtained for the samples prepared with higher TiO2 loading. Furthermore, photoactivity was affected by the calcination treatment. Higher activity under UV–vis was shown by the samples calcinated under vacuum, which was attributed to the better crystallinity compared to the samples treated with air.
Diffusivities and atomic mobilities of an Sn–Ag–Bi–Cu–Pb melt
Authors: Chen Weimin , Zhang Lijun , Du Yong , Huang Baiyun
Published: June 2014

The recently developed Arrhenius formula of a modified Sutherland equation was employed to calculate the self- and impurity diffusivities in liquid Sn, Ag, Bi, Cu and Pb. The reliability of the calculated self- and impurity diffusivities was validated by comparing the calculated diffusivities with the critically reviewed literature data. Based on the reliable tracer, intrinsic and chemical diffusivities available in the literature, the atomic mobility parameters in an Sn–Ag–Bi–Cu–Pb melt were then evaluated by the DICTRA (DIffusion-Controlled TRAnsformations) software package with the aid of the available thermodynamic description for the liquid phase. Comprehensive comparisons show that most of the measured and theoretical diffusivities in Sn–Ag–Bi–Cu–Pb melts can be reasonably reproduced by the currently obtained atomic mobilities. The atomic mobilities were further verified by comparing the model-predicted concentration profiles with the measured ones in various liquid Ag–Pb, Bi–Pb and Sn–Bi–Pb diffusion couples. Finally, the simulation of dissolution of Ag and Cu substrates into liquid solder alloys during the reflow process was performed by using the presently obtained atomic mobilities in the Sn–Ag–Bi–Cu–Pb melts.
Tubular Film Extrusion Stability of Metallocene Linear Low Density Polyethylene
Authors: Kim K. , Kang H. J.
Published: May 2014

The bubble stability of tubular film extrusion in metallocene linear low density polyethylene(m-LLDPE) and metallocene linear low density polyethylene/linear low density polyethylene(m-LLDPE/LLDPE) blend was investigated. Unstable bubble characteristics in m-LLDPE were found at low draw down ratio (DR) with a symmetric periodic bubble instability at low blow up ratio (BUR) and a helical instability at high blow up ratio. However, m-LLDPE showed better operation windows in tubular film extrusion than that of LLDPE, especially in bubble instability at low BUR. Both bubble instability and helical instability in LLDPE tubular film extrusion were enhanced by the blending with m-LLDPE. m-LLPE possesses higher melt elasticity as compared to m-LLDPE and LLDPE due to the long chain branching introduced by 1-octene co-monomer during polymerization. Blending resulted in broadening of molecular weight distribution (MWD) and thus increase in activation energy.
Experiments and Analysis of Effect of Calender Gaps on Melting of PVC Powders in an Intermeshing Counter-rotating Twin-screw Extruder
Authors: Wang D. , Min K.
Published: May 2014

Our ultrasound in-line monitoring studies revealed that dispersion or dissipation melting mechanism played a dominant role during melting of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) in an intermeshing counter-rotating twin-screw extruder. It is found that calendering effect between two screws contributes to the melting of PVC particles, and results in dispersion or dissipation melting. Thus, in this paper, a dispersed melting model in calender gaps is considered to predict polymer melting length in terms of numbers of calender gaps. Effects of screw geometries (channel depth, calender gap clearance) and processing conditions including screw speed and leakage flow on melting length are discussed for particle-filled fluid models. The calculated results are compared with experimental observations by both “screw pulling out” method and ultrasound in-line monitoring method. Ultrasound in-line monitoring provides a solution to overcome the time delay occurred in screw-pulling out method.
Multilayer Barrier Film of Biaxially Oriented PA6/EVOH by Double Bubble Tubular Film Process
Authors: Takashige M. , Kanai T.
Published: May 2014

In the market, a film adapted to environmental and barrier problems is desired. The previous report discussed easy tear and gas barrier PA6 film. This report discusses the multilayer PA6 film having high barrier EVOH layer.

A biaxially oriented PA6 film produced by double bubble tubular film process has high strength, but does not have enough gas barrier property compared with K-coated PA6. In the following a multilayer film with gas barrier layer is studied. A high gas barrier layer of EVOH is added to the center layer in the outer layers of PA6 films. The gas barrier ability increases with increasing the content of EVOH and decreasing ethylene content of EVOH, but at the same time the mechanical properties and processability get worse. From this point of view, it is found that the optimum content of EVOH is between 20% and 43%.

In a biaxially oriented multilayer film composed of PA6 layers and EVOH one keeps high strength and high gas barrier. The material and production technology of a PA6 film can solve environmental and barrier problems.
Patients' cosmetic satisfaction, pain, and functional outcomes after supraorbital craniotomy through an eyebrow incision
Authors: Reisch Robert , Marcus Hani J. , Hugelshofer Michael , Koechlin Nicolas Olmo , Stadie Axel , Kockro Ralf A.
Published: May 2014

Object

The supraorbital approach through an eyebrow incision offers the opportunity to access a wide variety of lesions of the anterior, middle, and even the posterior fossa. The minimally invasive keyhole craniotomy limits brain exploration and retraction and offers the potential for improved surgical outcomes and reduced approach-related complications. Patient satisfaction, however, has not yet been reported in the literature.

Methods

From January 2002 through December 2011, the lead author (R.R.) used a supraorbital approach through an eyebrow incision for 418 patients with cerebral aneurysms, brain tumors or cystic lesions, and other miscellaneous pathological conditions. For 408 of these patients, a detailed retrospective case note review was conducted to extract data on surgical outcomes and complications, and 375 patients completed a follow-up patient satisfaction questionnaire.

Results

During the early perioperative period, 8 patients died (overall mortality rate 2.0%). Among patients surveyed, the overall level of satisfaction was high. Patients rated pain from the scar and headache on a scale from 1 to 5 (1 = no pain, 5 = severe pain) as follows: pain was a score of 1 for 289 patients (77.0%), 2 for 46 (12.3%), 3 for 22 (5.9%), 4 for 12 (3.2%), and 5 for 6 (1.6%). Patients also rated cosmetic outcome on a scale from 1 to 5 (1 = very pleasant, 5 = very unpleasant) as follows: outcome was a score of 1 for 315 patients (84.0%), 2 for 33 (8.8%), 3 for 14 (3.7%), 4 for 10 (2.7%), and 5 for 3 (0.8%). Postoperative chewing difficulty was reported for 8 patients (8 [2.1%] temporary, 0 permanent); palsy of the frontal muscle for 21 patients (5.6%; 13 [3.5%] temporary, 8 [2.1%] permanent); frontal hypesthesia for 31 patients (8.3%; 18 [4.8%] temporary, 13 [3.4%] permanent); and hyposmia for 11 patients (2.9%; 3 [0.8%] temporary, 8 [2.1%] permanent).

Conclusions

The supraorbital approach to the anterior, middle, and posterior fossae through an eyebrow incision offers a favorable rate of approach-associated surgical complications and high patient satisfaction with cosmetic outcome.
Rathke's cleft cysts in twins with Type 2C von Hippel-Lindau disease
Authors: Huff Wei X. , Bonnin José M. , Fulkerson Daniel H.
Published: May 2014

Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHLD) is characterized by a spectrum of benign and malignant tumors in the CNS and visceral organs. Rathke's cleft cysts are benign, nonneoplastic sellar lesions that are often asymptomatic. The authors report the case of twin sisters with VHLD Type 2C with radiographically similar sellar lesions. One twin required surgery for progressive visual loss. Pathological examination of resected tissue demonstrated Rathke's cleft cyst.
Shades of the Rainbow Serpent? A KhoeSan Animal between Myth and Landscape in Southern Africa—Ethnographic Contextualisations of Rock Art Representations
Authors: Sullivan Sian , Low Chris
Published: June 2014

The snake is a potent entity in many cultures across the world, and is a noticeable global theme in rock art and inscribed landscapes. We mobilise our long-term ethnographic research with southern African KhoeSan peoples to situate and interpret the presence of snake motifs in the region’s rock art. We contextualise the snake as a transformative ontological mediator between everyday and “entranced” KhoeSan worlds (those associated with “altered states of consciousness”), to weave together both mythological and shamanistic interpretations of southern African rock art. Ethnographic explorations of experiences of snakes as both an aspect of natural history and the physical environment, and as embodiments of multiplicitous and mythical meaning by which to live and understand life, shed light on the presence of snakes and associated snake-themes in southern African rock art. By drawing on ethnographic material, and in conjunction with review of literature, we highlight a dynamic assemblage of extant associations between snakes, rain, water, fertility, blood, fat, transformation, dance and healing. We suggest that these extant associations have explanatory potential for understanding the meaning of these themes in the rock art created by the ancestors of contemporary KhoeSan peoples. Our paper contributes to a live debate regarding the interpretive relevance of ethnography for understanding rock art representations from the past.
Modalities for an Allegorical Conceptual Data Model
Authors: Zieliński Bartosz , Maślanka Paweł , Sobieski Ścibor
Published: May 2014

Allegories are enriched categories generalizing a category of sets and binary relations. In this paper, we extend a new, recently-introduced conceptual data model based on allegories by adding support for modal operators and developing a modal interpretation of the model in any allegory satisfying certain additional (but natural) axioms. The possibility of using different allegories allows us to transparently use alternative logical frameworks, such as fuzzy relations. Mathematically, our work demonstrates how to enrich with modal operators and to give a many world semantics to an abstract algebraic logic framework. We also give some examples of applications of the modal extension.
NF-κB Activation Exacerbates, but Is not Required for Murine Bmpr2-Related Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Talati Megha , Mutlak Haitham , Lane Kirk , Han Wei , Hemnes Anna , Mutlak Outi , Blackwell Tom , Zaynagetdinov Rinat , Blackwell Timothy , West James
Published: May 2014

Aim: The present study investigates the role of NF-κB in Bmpr2-related pulmonary hypertension (PH) using a murine model of PH with inducible overexpression of a cytoplasmic tail Bmpr2 mutation. Methods and Results: Electrophoretic mobility shift assay for nuclear extracts in Bmpr2R899X mouse lung and immunohistochemistry for NF-κB p65 in human PAH lung demonstrate that NF-κB is activated in end-stage disease. Acute inflammation or expression of a constitutively active NF-κB elicits a strong suppression of the BMP pathway in mice inversely correlating to activation of NF-κB targets. However, Bmpr2 mutation does not result in NF-κB activation in early disease development as assessed by luciferase reporter mice. Moreover, Bmpr2 mutant mice in which NF-κB activation is genetically blocked develop PH indistinguishable from that without the block. Finally, delivery of a virus causing NF-κB activation strongly exacerbates development of PH in Bmpr2 mutant mice, associated with increased remodeling. Conclusion: NF-κB activation exacerbates, but is not required for Bmpr2-related PH. Pulmonary vascular-specific activation of NF-κB may be a “second hit” that drives penetrance in heritable PH.
Gamma Knife Treatment of Brainstem Metastases
Authors: Peterson Halloran , Larson Erik , Fairbanks Robert , MacKay Alexander , Lamoreaux Wayne , Call Jason , Carlson Jonathan , Ling Benjamin , Demakas John , Cooke Barton , Peressini Ben , Lee Christopher
Published: May 2014

The management of brainstem metastases is challenging. Surgical treatment is usually not an option, and chemotherapy is of limited utility. Stereotactic radiosurgery has emerged as a promising palliative treatment modality in these cases. The goal of this study is to assess our single institution experience treating brainstem metastases with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS). This retrospective chart review studied 41 patients with brainstem metastases treated with GKRS. The most common primary tumors were lung, breast, renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Median age at initial treatment was 59 years. Nineteen (46%) of the patients received whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) prior to or concurrent with GKRS treatment. Thirty (73%) of the patients had a single brainstem metastasis. The average GKRS dose was 17 Gy. Post-GKRS overall survival at six months was 42%, at 12 months was 22%, and at 24 months was 13%. Local tumor control was achieved in 91% of patients, and there was one patient who had a fatal brain hemorrhage after treatment. Karnofsky performance score (KPS) >80 and the absence of prior WBRT were predictors for improved survival on multivariate analysis (HR 0.60 (p = 0.02), and HR 0.28 (p = 0.02), respectively). GKRS was an effective treatment for brainstem metastases, with excellent local tumor control.
Multiplex Hydrolysis Probe Real-Time PCR for Simultaneous Detection of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus
Authors: Qiu Feng , Cao Jingyuan , Su Qiudong , Yi Yao , Bi Shengli
Published: May 2014

Detection of hepatitis viral infections has traditionally relied on the circulating antibody test using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, multiplex real-time PCR has been increasingly used for a variety of viral nucleic acid detections and has proven to be superior to traditional methods. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are the major causes of acute hepatitis worldwide; both HAV and HEV infection are a main public health problem. In the present study, a one-step multiplex reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay using hydrolysis probes was developed for simultaneously detecting HAV and HEV. This novel detection system proved specific to the target viruses, to be highly sensitive and to be applicable to clinical sera samples, making it useful for rapid, accurate and feasible identification of HAV and HEV.
Correction: Mutsuzaki, H., et al. Improved Bonding of Partially Osteomyelitic Bone to Titanium Pins Owing to Biomimetic Coating of Apatite. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 24366–24379.
Authors: Mutsuzaki Hirotaka , Sogo Yu , Oyane Ayako , Ito Atsuo
Published: May 2014

In the original version of the manuscript [1] there was an inadvertent error. The words “25 °C for 48 h” should be replaced with “25 °C for 24 h”. The authors carried out the coating experiments at 25 °C for 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. The apatite coatings formed at 25 °C for 24 and 48 h were found to be identical in physicochemical nature, which was revealed by SEM, EDX, XRD and chemical analysis. Thus, in the animal experiments, the authors used apatite-coated Ti pins fabricated at 25 °C for 24 h. Several corrections are thus required in the abstract, the main text, the figure legends, and the figures (Table 1). The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused to readers of the journal. [...]
Active Iron Sites of Disordered Mesoporous Silica Catalyst FeKIL-2 in the Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
Authors: Rangus Mojca , Mazaj Matjaž , Dražić Goran , Popova Margarita , Tušar Nataša
Published: May 2014

Iron-functionalized disordered mesoporous silica (FeKIL-2) is a promising, environmentally friendly, cost-effective and highly efficient catalyst for the elimination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from polluted air via catalytic oxidation. In this study, we investigated the type of catalytically active iron sites for different iron concentrations in FeKIL-2 catalysts using advanced characterization of the local environment of iron atoms by a combination of X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Techniques (XANES, EXAFS) and Atomic-Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (AR STEM). We found that the molar ratio Fe/Si ≤ 0.01 leads to the formation of stable, mostly isolated Fe3+ sites in the silica matrix, while higher iron content Fe/Si > 0.01 leads to the formation of oligonuclear iron clusters. STEM imaging and EELS techniques confirmed the existence of these clusters. Their size ranges from one to a few nanometers, and they are unevenly distributed throughout the material. The size of the clusters was also found to be similar, regardless of the nominal concentration of iron (Fe/Si = 0.02 and Fe/Si = 0.05). From the results obtained from sample characterization and model catalytic tests, we established that the enhanced activity of FeKIL-2 with the optimal Fe/Si = 0.01 ratio can be attributed to: (1) the optimal concentration of stable isolated Fe3+ in the silica support; and (2) accelerated diffusion of the reactants in disordered mesoporous silica (FeKIL-2) when compared to ordered mesoporous silica materials (FeSBA-15, FeMCM-41).
Response Surface Optimized Extraction of 1-Deoxynojirimycin from Mulberry Leaves (Morus alba L.) and Preparative Separation with Resins
Authors: Wang Teng , Li Cui-Qing , Zhang Hong , Li Ji-Wen
Published: May 2014

In the present study, the extraction technology and preparative separation of 1-deoxynojirimycin from mulberry leaves were systematically investigated. Four extraction parameters (ethanol concentration, extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of solvent to sample) were explored by response surface methodology (RSM). The results indicated that the maximal yield of 1-deoxynojirimycin was achieved with an ethanol concentration of 55%, extraction temperature of 80 °C, extraction time of 1.2 h and ratio of solvent to sample of 12:1. The extraction yield under these optimum conditions was found to be 256 mg/100 g dry mulberry leaves. A column packed with a selected resin was used to perform dynamic adsorption and desorption tests to optimize the separation process. The results show that the preparative separation of 1-deoxynojirimycin from mulberry leaves can be easily and effectively done by adopting 732 resin. In conclusion, 732 resin is the most appropriate for the separation of 1-deoxynojirimycin from other components in mulberry leaves extracts, and its adsorption behavior can be described with Langmuir isotherms and a two-step adsorption kinetics model. The recovery and purity of 1-deoxynojirimycin in the final product were 90.51% and 15.3%, respectively.
Post-Harvest Induced Production of Salvianolic Acids and Significant Promotion of Antioxidant Properties in Roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen)
Authors: Zhou Guo-Jun , Wang Wei , Xie Xiao-Mei , Qin Min-Jian , Kuai Ben-Ke , Zhou Tong-Shui
Published: May 2014

Danshen, the dried roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza, is an extremely valued Traditional Chinese Medicine. Previously, we have demonstrated that salvianolic acid B (SaB), the important bioactive ingredient in this herb, was a post-harvest product. Here, we further reported that all salvianolic acids (SAs) in the roots were post-harvest products of the drying process. In addition, the results of various radical scavenging activity assays, including lipid peroxidation (1), DPPH (2), hydroxyl (3) and superoxide (4), were significantly increased along with the accumulation of total salvianolic acids in the process. The contents of chemical targets and antioxidant activities both reached the highest value under thermal treatment at 130 °C for 80 min. In this dehydration period, contents of SaB, and sum of nine SAs increased from 0.01% to 5.51%, and 0.20% to 6.61%; and IC50 of antioxidant activity decreased from 4.85 to 2.69 (1); 7.75 to 0.43 (2); 2.57 to 1.13 (3) and 17.25 to 1.10 mg/mL. These results further supported the hypothesis that the newly harvested plant roots were still physiologically active and the secondary metabolites might be produced due to dehydration stress after harvest. Our findings supplied an important and useful theoretical basis for promoting the quality of Danshen and other medicinal plant materials.
Object-Based Image Classification of Summer Crops with Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Peña José , Gutiérrez Pedro , Hervás-Martínez César , Six Johan , Plant Richard , López-Granados Francisca
Published: May 2014

The strategic management of agricultural lands involves crop field monitoring each year. Crop discrimination via remote sensing is a complex task, especially if different crops have a similar spectral response and cropping pattern. In such cases, crop identification could be improved by combining object-based image analysis and advanced machine learning methods. In this investigation, we evaluated the C4.5 decision tree, logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network methods, both as single classifiers and combined in a hierarchical classification, for the mapping of nine major summer crops (both woody and herbaceous) from ASTER satellite images captured in two different dates. Each method was built with different combinations of spectral and textural features obtained after the segmentation of the remote images in an object-based framework. As single classifiers, MLP and SVM obtained maximum overall accuracy of 88%, slightly higher than LR (86%) and notably higher than C4.5 (79%). The SVM+SVM classifier (best method) improved these results to 89%. In most cases, the hierarchical classifiers considerably increased the accuracy of the most poorly classified class (minimum sensitivity). The SVM+SVM method offered a significant improvement in classification accuracy for all of the studied crops compared to the conventional decision tree classifier, ranging between 4% for safflower and 29% for corn, which suggests the application of object-based image analysis and advanced machine learning methods in complex crop classification tasks.
A Novel Micro- and Nano-Scale Positioning Sensor Based on Radio Frequency Resonant Cavities
Authors: Asua Estibaliz , Etxebarria Victor , García-Arribas Alfredo , Feutchwanger Jorge , Portilla Joaquín , Lucas Julio
Published: May 2014

In many micro- and nano-scale technological applications high sensitivity displacement sensors are needed, especially in ultraprecision metrology and manufacturing. In this work a new way of sensing displacement based on radio frequency resonant cavities is presented and experimentally demonstrated using a first laboratory prototype. The principle of operation of the new transducer is summarized and tested. Furthermore, an electronic interface that can be used together with the displacement transducer is designed and proved. It has been experimentally demonstrated that very high and linear sensitivity characteristic curves, in the range of some kHz/nm; are easily obtainable using this kind of transducer when it is combined with a laboratory network analyzer. In order to replace a network analyzer and provide a more affordable, self-contained, compact solution, an electronic interface has been designed, preserving as much as possible the excellent performance of the transducer, and turning it into a true standalone positioning sensor. The results obtained using the transducer together with a first prototype of the electronic interface built with cheap discrete elements show that positioning accuracies in the micrometer range are obtainable using this cost-effective solution. Better accuracies would also be attainable but using more involved and costly electronics interfaces.
The Equipment of Czech Firefighters for the Detection and Field Analyses of Chemical Warfare Agents
Authors: Krykorkova Jana , Capoun Tomas
Published: May 2014

This paper describes the requirements for the devices of detection, chemical reconnaissance and field analyses of chemical warfare agents (CWA) and divides them into simple devices of detection, universal detectors, selective analyzers, multi-component analyzers and mobile laboratories. It also describes the devices of detection available within the Fire and Rescue Service of the Czech Republic (FRS CR) and compares them with some prospective trends of further development.
Telemedicine Applied to Kinesiotherapy for Hand Dysfunction in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Recovery of Movement and Telemonitoring Technology
Authors: Piga Matteo , Tradori Iosto , Pani Danilo , Barabino Gianluca , Dessì Alessia , Raffo Luigi , Mathieu Alessandro
Published: June 2014

Objective.

To describe a feasibility study focused on a telemonitoring approach to self-managed kinesiotherapy sessions for the rehabilitation of hand function in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

Ten patients with SSc and 10 with RA were enrolled in a 3-month controlled trial (approval no. 9751/2012 – Italian Department of Health) to perform a home kinesiotherapy protocol, consisting of strengthening and mobility exercises, using a newly developed telemedicine system (a portable device and the related telemonitoring infrastructure). A further 10 patients with SSc and 10 with RA were enrolled as controls to perform a similar home kinesiotherapy protocol with the aid of common daily-life objects. Both groups were evaluated at baseline and at followup, after 6 and 12 weeks. The primary outcome of the trial was hand function measured by Dreiser’s index (Functional Index for Hand OA, FIHOA), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and the Hand Mobility in Scleroderma (HAMIS) test (only for SSc).

Results.

Patients with SSc showed an improvement of FIHOA in both arms (p < 0.01) but the HAQ (p = 0.016) and the HAMIS test (right hand p = 0.016, left hand p = 0.075) improved significantly only in the experimental arm. Patients with RA showed a statistically significant improvement of FIHOA (p = 0.013) and HAQ (p = 0.015) in the experimental arm, while patients in the control arm did not significantly improve. However, no statistically significant differences in outcome measures between treatment methods were observed. Withdrawals were higher in control arms (SSc 20%; RA 30%) than in experimental arms (SSc 10%; RA 10%).

Conclusion.

Telemonitoring of self-administered kinesiotherapy programs is a promising approach to the rehabilitation of hand functions in patients with rheumatic disease.
El progreso biológico
Authors: Barahona Ana , Ayala Francisco J.
Published: May 2014

La idea de progreso en Biología está ligada al concepto de scala naturae o la gran cadena del ser que se puede trazar hasta Aristóteles. Esta noción de que los organismos vivientes pueden clasificarse en una jerarquía de inferior a superior tomó formas nuevas en los siglos XVII y XVIII. En el siglo XVIII, naturalistas como Buffon, Bonnet y Robinet se habían preguntado si podíamos hablar de un patrón definido de desarrollo. En el siglo XIX, Lamarck postula la idea de que existe una progresión de los organismos menos avanzados a los organismos más avanzados. Posteriormente, la teoría de la evolución añade la dimensión temporal y de continuidad genética o histórica a la clasificación jerárquica de los seres vivos. Darwin pensaba que la selección natural traía como resultado el perfeccionamiento y que éste inevitablemente conduciría al progreso gradual de la organización. Herbert Spencer se convirtió en uno de los darwinistas más radicales del siglo XIX y principios del XX. Para Spencer la idea de progreso se aplicaba no solo al mundo biológico sino que era parte de una ley general, que dirigía lo simple hacia lo complejo, lo homogéneo a lo heterogéneo. Posteriormente, Julian Huxley, Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, George Gaylord Simpson y Ledyard Stebbins —conocidos como los arquitectos de la Sintesis Moderna— comparten una visión progresionista de la evolución biológica. La noción de progreso evolutivo, en la actualidad, es sumamente controvertida, y se pueden distinguir básicamente tres diferentes perspectivas. La primera, defendida por Michael Ruse y David Hull entre otros, sostiene que no existe evidencia científica que nos lleve a aceptar cierta «direccionalidad» en la evolución biológica. Una segunda visión, defendida por Stephen J. Gould, sostiene que, en la medida en que reemplacemos el término de progreso (ya que éste es antropocéntrico) por el de «noción operacional de direccionalidad», tendremos un concepto sin valores o evaluación humanos. La tercera posición, defendida por Francisco J. Ayala, John Maynard Smith y William Wimsatt, sostiene que la noción de progreso evolutivo puede purgarse de sus connotaciones antropocéntricas y que podemos hablar de progreso desde el punto de vista científico, en base a las evidencias existentes. En este artículo se exponen las principales concepciones históricas de la noción de progreso utilizadas en Biología, y las polémicas actuales al respecto, en donde destacan: si el concepto de progreso pertenece al dominio del discurso científico, qué criterio de progreso es el mejor y si se da progreso en la evolución. Tales argumentos pueden resolverse una vez que se esclarece la noción de progreso.
Homeótica: el juego de lo inesperado y lo inevitable en la historia de la morfogénesis multicelular
Authors: Vergara Silva Francisco , Álvarez-Buylla Roces Elena
Published: May 2014

No disponible.
Biogeografía cladística: conceptos básicos
Authors: Morrone Juan J.
Published: May 2014

La biogeografía cladística asume una correspondencia entre relaciones taxonómicas y relaciones de área. Un análisis de biogeografía cladística implica tres etapas: (1) la construcción de cladogramas taxonómicos de áreas basados en los cladogramas de los diferentes taxones analizados, (2) la obtención de cladogramas resueltos de áreas, y (3) la obtención de cladogramas generales de áreas basados en la información contenida en los cladogramas resueltos de áreas. Para alcanzar esta última etapa se disponen de varios métodos: análisis de componentes, compatibilidad de componentes, cuantificación del análisis de los componentes, análisis de simplicidad de Brooks (BPA) y el enunciado de tres áreas (TAS).
Gisela Kozak Rovero: la reinvención de Caracas
Authors: Chacón Inma
Published: May 2014

Gisela Kozak Rovero es una escritora venezolana que ha reflejado en su narrativa las inquietudes y los anhelos de una parte importante de la sociedad de su país. A través de la mirada de la autora, siempre desde posturas comprometidas y feministas, el lector de su obra se encuentra con una Caracas que, al mismo tiempo, se acerca y se aleja de la ciudad a la que hace referencia el título de dos de sus textos literarios más importantes, Latidos de Caracas y Pecados de la capital. El presente artículo, que se apoya en una entrevista en profundidad, pretende un acercamiento, tanto a la persona como a la obra de esta escritora latinoamericana, que enseña literatura en la universidad Central de Venezuela, y cuyos textos científicos y literarios constituyen un referente para la vida cultural de su país. Su ciudad, su necesidad de escribir, sus preocupaciones políticas y sociales, su versatilidad a la hora de construir personajes, y su capacidad para la ironía y la crítica social, son los elementos fundamentales de esta aproximación a su figura literaria.
Gordana Kuić: la memoria de las mujeres sefardíes de Bosnia
Authors: Díaz-Mas Paloma
Published: May 2014

Gordana Kuić (1942) es una escritora, hija de madre sefardí y padre serbio, que ha publicado hasta ahora siete novelas en serbio; sólo una de ellas, Miris ki?e na Balkanu ha sido traducida al francés (Parfum de pluie sur les Balkans, publicada con el seudónimo de Ana Gord) y al inglés (Scent of rain in the Balkans). En este artículo se presenta a esta escritora y se proponen varias lecturas de esa novela: como novela sobre mujeres, como reconstrucción de la historia reciente de los países balcánicos, como evocación de la evolución de la minoría sefardí de Bosnia en el siglo xx y como historia oral familiar.
Las patrias secretas de Nélida Piñón
Authors: Fortes Susana
Published: May 2014

Brasileña de ascendencia gallega, Nélida Piñón es una de las voces más interesantes de la literatura contemporánea. En ella confluyen diversas tradiciones literarias que configuran una personal teoría del mestizaje, donde la memoria se mezcla con la fantasía y los sueños. El éxito no la ha cogido de brazos cruzados. Agradece el reconocimiento y los premios con franqueza, pero su propia ironía la mantiene a salvo de la vanidad. Polisémica, camaleónica, Tauro con ascendente Sagitario, tierra y fuego, optimista, comprometida, enamorada de Homero… Su obra representa un diálogo inteligente y vivificante entre los dos lados del Atlántico. El portugués es el idioma de su alma y narrar viene a ser para ella un acto fundacional, por eso no concibe que «alguien pueda volver a su casa o a su falsa modernidad sin llevar en el corazón o en el bolsillo un pequeño relato».
Hombres y mujeres Tyler
Authors: Vallvey Arévalo Ángela
Published: May 2014

Este artículo es una breve mirada sobre los personajes masculinos y femeninos de la escritora Anne Tyler, cuyo indiscutible talento para los caracteres la ha hecho mundialmente reconocida. La autora tiene una inmensa capacidad para bosquejar personajes, sobre todo masculinos, de gran fuerza y originalidad. Es una magnífica retratista de las miserias y alegrías de la clase media occidental.
Contribución al estudio fitodermológico de Chamaesyce S. F. Gray (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Benedí Carles , Orell Jeroni Jaume
Published: June 2014

Se estudian los caracteres fitodermológicos de las ocho especies europeas del género Chamaesyce S. F. Gray. valorando su interés taxonómico.
Preliminary studies on the relationship between Tuber melanosporum and vesicular arbuscular mycorrizhae in the "burnt-places"
Authors: Rosell Armengol Alexis
Published: June 2014

S'ha examinat l'estat de les micorrizes vessículo-arbusculars de les plantes herbácies que viuen dins i fora deis tofoners deguts a Tuber melanosporum Vitt., a fi de determinar si el fong interfereix en la formació endomicorrízica. Quan varen comparar-se les plantes que sobrevivien als tofoners amb les del terreny del voltant, es va observar una clara reducció en llur creixement i en la micorrizació vessículo-arbuscular; i, a més, es va detectar una reducció notable en el nombre d'espores endogàmiques presents al sòl. Tot això suggereix que T. melanosporum produeix substancies inhibents també respecte als fongs endomicorrízics.