bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A microgel composite hydrogel based on glucose response for drug delivery
Authors: Cong Luyao , Liu Weizheng , Tian Lili , Cai Chenyu , Han Qing , Ju Shuaichao , Zhao Yaling , Zhang Qian , Hao Hong
Published: February 2025

Diabetes is a chronic condition that will affect diabetic patients throughout their lives. Glucose‐sensitive hydrogels offer significant advantages in diabetes management due to their excellent biocompatibility and ability to regulate blood glucose levels. To improve the glucose sensitivity of these hydrogels under physiological conditions, we developed a glucose‐responsive acrylic graphene oxide (GOM)/nanocomposite hydrogels using a novel method. This was achieved by creating GOM‐poly(3‐acrylamidophenylboronic acid‐N,N‐dimethylacrylamide‐co‐acrylamide) (AAPBA‐DMAA‐co‐AAm) microgels through the emulsion polymerization of GOM, dimethyl acrylamide (DMAA), acrylamide (AAm), and 3‐acrylamidophenylboronic acid (AAPBA). Subsequently, the GOM/nanocomposite hydrogels with rapid glucose responsiveness were achieved by free radical polymerization with microgels as micro‐crosslinkers and GOM as an additive. Their composition, surface morphology, and mechanical properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, XRD, scanning electron microscope, and modular compact rheometer. The microgels effectively addressed the issue of sluggish kinetics typical of monomer‐based hydrogels. At a pH of 7.3 and glucose concentration of 20 mM, the GOM‐poly(AAPBA‐DMAA‐co‐AAm) microgels reached swelling equilibrium in 18 min with a swelling degree (SD) of 15.93%. The GOM/nanocomposite hydrogels with GOM of 1.0%wt accomplished an SD of 20.31% in 40 min, making clear significant enrichments in response speed and strength. Using metformin hydrochloride as a model drug, at a glucose concentration of 10 mM, the cumulative release rates of metformin hydrochloride within 10 and 24 h reached 51.92% and 61.78%, respectively. At a glucose concentration of 40 mM, these release rates increased to 73.95% and 82.07%, respectively. This study introduces an effective method for providing glucose‐responsive microgel composite hydrogels, which can be widely used in biomedical fields, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing, and so on.

Highlights

The surface of graphene oxide was modified to prepare propylene‐based graphene oxide with double bonds.

The propylene‐based graphene oxide/nanocomposite hydrogels enhance the glucose response speed.

High cumulative drug release rate and controlled release.
Large Quantities of Bacterial DNA and Protein in Common Dietary Protein Source Used in Microbiome Studies
Authors: Bartlett Alexandria , Blakeley‐Ruiz J. Alfredo , Richie Tanner , Theriot Casey M. , Kleiner Manuel
Published: February 2025

Diet has been shown to greatly impact the intestinal microbiota. To understand the role of individual dietary components, defined diets with purified components are frequently used in diet‐microbiota studies. Defined diets frequently use purified casein as the protein source. Previous work indicated that casein contains microbial DNA potentially impacting results of microbiome studies. Other diet‐based microbially derived molecules that may impact microbiome measurements, such as proteins detected by metaproteomics, have not been determined for casein. Additionally, other protein sources used in microbiome studies have not been characterized for their microbial content. We used metagenomics and metaproteomics to identify and quantify microbial DNA and protein in a casein‐based defined diet to better understand potential impacts on metagenomic and metaproteomic microbiome studies. We further tested six additional defined diets with purified protein sources with an integrated metagenomic–metaproteomic approach and found that contaminating microbial protein is unique to casein within the tested set as microbial protein was not identified in diets with other protein sources. We also illustrate the contribution of diet‐derived microbial protein in diet‐microbiota studies by metaproteomic analysis of stool samples from germ‐free mice (GF) and mice with a conventional microbiota (CV) following consumption of diets with casein and non‐casein protein. This study highlights a potentially confounding factor in diet‐microbiota studies that must be considered through evaluation of the diet itself within a given study.
Dynamic Proteomic and Acetylomic Profiling of Mechanically Induced Cancer Stemness in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Han Rong , Wu Yue , Yang Yehong , Wang Qiaochu , Ding Tao , Zhang Xutong , Yang Juntao
Published: February 2025

Compared to regular tumor cells, cancer stem cells exhibit dangerous characteristics, including high proliferation, high metastatic potential, and significantly increased in vivo tumorigenicity. Although some studies have emphasized the impact of the microenvironment on cell stemness, they have largely overlooked the mechanical forces derived from the stiffness of the surrounding extracellular matrix. Our previous research demonstrated that a 90 Pa soft fibrin matrix in three‐dimensional (3D) culture can induce cells to become cancer repopulating cells with high stemness. Acetylation modification significantly influences the metabolism, epigenetics, proliferation, migration, and immune evasion of tumor cells. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the proteome and acetyl‐proteome of breast cancer cells under two‐dimensional (2D) plate and 3D matrix conditions with varying stiffness. This dataset provides a valuable resource for understanding the dynamic regulation of protein acetylation in response to mechanical stiffness. The mass spectrometry‐based proteomics data have been uploaded to the ProteomeXchange Consortium with the dataset identifier PXD057820.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Sheep and Its Zoonotic Importance in Hargeisa, Somaliland
Authors: Jama Abdiqani Mohamed , Yihun Taddesse Yayeh
Published: February 2025

Background

Toxoplasmosis has public health importance, particularly in immunocompromised individuals such as pregnant women leading to congenital abnormalities and fetal losses. In this study, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheep at Mandeeq Slaughter House in Hargeisa and pregnant women attending antenatal care at Hargeisa Group Hospital.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study design with systematic random sampling method and Questionnaire surveys were used for the collection of data from sheep and pregnant women. Sera were collected and examined for anti‐Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using latex agglutination test.

Results

The overall prevalences of toxoplasmosis were 25.5% and 28% in sheep and human, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that female (AOR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.38–3.47; p = 0.001) and young age groups of sheep (AOR = 3.04; 95% CI: 1.04–8.86; p = 0.041) were significantly associated with T. gondii seropositivity. In pregnant women, age groups between 25 and 34 (AOR = 2.76; 95% CI: 1.07–7.14; p = 0.037), pregnant women who have cats in their home (AOR = 6.45; 95% CI: 2.37–17.52; p = 0.000), women who have close contact with garden soil (AOR = 6.74; 95% CI: 2.55–17.81; p = 0.000), poor hand washing practices before food eating (AOR = 29.5; 95% CI: 5.41–161.11; p = 0.000), and drinking tap water (AOR = 8.4; 95% CI: 2.54–28.08; p = 0.000) were significantly associated with T. gondii seropositivity.

Conclusion

Toxoplasmosis is prevalent in sheep and pregnant women in Hargeisa. We recommend that pregnant women should avoid eating uncooked mutton, reduce gardening activities, keep personal and environmental hygiene, and drink boiled water to reduce the risk of the toxoplasmosis.
Extreme local mesoscale convective systems over the South China coast during the warm season
Authors: Wang Chenli , Chen Xingchao , Zhao Kun
Published: February 2025

The South China coast (SCC) is a climatological rainfall center in East Asia during the warm season. Using a 20‐year cloud‐tracking and classification dataset, this study shows that mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) contribute approx. 65% of the warm‐season rainfall in the SCC. It is found that locally initiated MCSs predominantly contribute to the MCS rainfall, especially those initiated near the coastline of SCC. Notably, about 11.6% of these locally initiated MCSs are characterized by extended lifespans, extensive rainfall areas, and high rain rates, making them responsible for extreme rainfall events in the region. The environments conducive to the development of these local extreme MCSs feature a strong low‐level geopotential height gradient over the South China Sea, which leads to strong low‐level onshore winds. Due to the land–sea contrast and coastal terrain, the coastal convergence of the onshore winds further leads to a strong moisture convergence near the coastline, which provides a favorable environment for the initiation and development of extreme MCSs. Based on the spatial distribution of their lifetime total rainfall, the extreme MCSs are further classified into onshore, coastal, offshore, and other rainfall types. We found the spatial distribution type is mainly influenced by shifts in the moisture convergence center between onshore and offshore areas, which is modulated by the mid‐ and low‐level synoptic circulations. Among these MCS types, the offshore rainfall type demonstrates a significantly higher lifetime total amount of rainfall compared to the other types, primarily due to its higher lifetime mean rain rate.
Development of Oleylamine‐Directed Nano‐OZIF‐67 Induced Microporous Carbon Nanofiber Conjugated with Tiny Fibrous PEDOT Polymer for Hybrid‐Capacitor Electrodes
Authors: Karingula Sampath , Kummari Shekher , Kotagiri Yugender Goud , Malyala Latha , Gobi K. Vengatajalabathy
Published: February 2025

Making nanostructured metal oxides intertwined with graphitic carbon materials is critically important to construct hybrid supercapacitors with high‐performance, cost‐affordable, and free‐standing 1D hybrid electrode material and is of foremost importance to responding positively to the impending energy crisis. Fine‐tuned nano‐sized ZIF‐67 particles of 5 – 25 nm width (OZIF‐67) are achieved using oleylamine‐involved synthesis and are seeded into fibrous poly‐PAN‐PVP. Porous N‐doped carbon nanofibers impregnated with OZIF‐67‐derived Co3O4 (oz‐Co3O4‐PNCNF) are obtained by calcining the electrospun polymer. The surface area of oz‐Co3O4‐PNCNF is exceptionally high, 429 m2 g−1, with the pore size predominantly ≈2 – 5 nm. Thin conducting polymer films of poly‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) are formed onto oz‐Co3O4‐PNCNF (oz‐Co3O4‐PNCNF/PEDOT). A porous, long nanofibrous structure (≈100 nm thick) of oz‐Co3O4‐PNCNF and a spongy needle‐like network of PEDOT interconnecting outer layers are established from FESEM images. The material has shown excellent energy storage capability with the specific capacitance (CS) of 417 F g−1 (oz‐Co3O4‐PNCNF/PEDOT). Free‐standing supercapacitor device delivers excellent performance in asymmetric assembly (oz‐Co3O4‐PNCNF/PEDOT//PNCNF) with 141.1 Wh kg−1 and 84% CS at the end of 5000 charge–discharge cycles. The excellent porous network, combined with finely‐tuned nano‐sized Co3O4 particles and an overlying thin electropolymer film, work together to establish high energy, efficient, and stable supercapacitors.
Magic‐Sized Nanoclusters‐Induced Cascade Tandem Charge Transfer for Solar Water Oxidation
Authors: Li Zhuang‐Yan , Yuan Meng , Xiao Fang‐Xing
Published: February 2025

Magic‐sized nanoclusters (MSCs) have been attracting enduring interest by virtue of the quantum confinement effect, discrete energy band structure, and enriched catalytic active sites. Nevertheless, up to date, exploration of MSCs artificial photosystems and fine‐tuning of spatial vectorial charge transfer in photoredox catalysis have so far been scarcely reported. Hence, we employed a facile and easily accessible layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly strategy to highly ordered, alternately, and periodically deposit oppositely charged tailor‐made transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) MSCs and non‐conjugated polymer (NCP) building blocks on the MO substrate, resulting in the MO/(NCP‐TMCs MSCs)n multilayer heterostructures. It is affirmed that the ultra‐thin NCP uniformly intercalated at the interface of every TMCs MSCs layer fosters the unidirectional electron flow from TMCs MSCs to MO substrate with the assistance of NCP, and moreover the multilayered interface configuration benefits the establishment of cascade tandem charge transfer route, synergistically giving rise to the significantly enhanced charge separation and boosted solar water oxidation performances of MO/(TMCs MSCs‐NCP)n heterostructure under simulated solar light irradiation. Our work elucidates the specific roles of NCP and MSCs as charge relay mediators and photosensitizers, affording a quintessential paradigm to rationally regulate the photocarrier transport and separation over MSCs for solar energy conversion.
Multielement Doping Engineered Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Enabling the Shift from Negative to Positive MRI Contrast for Enhanced Diagnostic Precision
Authors: Lu Chichong , Bao Yingjie , Fei Zihan , Wang Zhijie , Ma Junjie , Ren Ruimin , Xu Xue , Zhang Yang
Published: February 2025

Contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE‐MRI) is a crucial tool for the diagnosis and management of various diseases globally. Iron oxide nanoparticles with sizes less than 5 nm are expected to address the long‐term toxicity and brain accumulation issues associated with clinical gadolinium‐based T1 contrast agents (GBCAs) due to their non‐toxicity and biodegradability. However, synthesizing sub‐5‐nanometer particles presents significant challenges that complicate their clinical translation. Herein, traditional iron oxide‐based negative (T2) agents into positive (T1) agents are transformed and an all‐in‐one multielement doping strategy is developed. Multiple elements into iron oxide crystals are introduced to form multielement doping engineered iron oxide nanoparticles (MDE‐IONPs) and their surfaces with flexible hydrophilic ligands are subsequently modified. It is shown that Ni (II) and Gd (III) doping engineered nanoparticles can effectively enhance imaging efficacy, reducing clearance rates, and enabling controlled synthesis. Ultimately, the implementation of Ni (II) and Gd (III) co‐engineering yield longitudinal relaxivity of up to 14.7 mM−1s−1 even for particles as large as 9 nm, an improvement of approximately 300% over GBCAs. Combined with the stability, biosafety, both in vitro and in vivo results suggest that all‐in‐one multielement doping is a favorable strategy for advancing the development of next‐generation safe MRI contrast agents.
Ti3C2Tx‐Based Cross‐Scale Laminated Structural Structures: Enabling Sub‐Wavelength Impedance Modulation and Underwater Broadband Sound Absorption
Authors: Gan Ziwen , Qi Ranran , Chen Bowen , Tu Wei , Liao Mingyi
Published: February 2025

Designing underwater acoustic absorbing materials with sub‐wavelength thickness in the mid‐to‐low frequency range (400–4000 Hz) remains a challenge, especially for broad frequency applications. Most current designs focus on a single spatial scale, limiting their frequency range. To address this, a composite material (MPSFn‐SBR) made of Ti3C2Tx‐polyvinyl alcohol self‐assembled films(MPSFn) and styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) is designed, featuring a cross‐scale laminated structure. On a macroscopic scale, the MPSFn‐SBR has a sandwich structure, with the SBR layer serving as a protective layer and the MPSFn core modulating impedance. On a mesoscopic scale, the MPSFn layers transform longitudinal waves into shear waves, improving sound absorptionat mid‐to‐low frequency range. On a microscopic scale, the MPSFn's two‐phase coexistence system with a defect phase enriches vibration modes, broadening the absorption bandwidth. Results demonstrate that the cross‐scale laminated structure enables effective sound absorption at sub‐wavelength thickness (10 mm, ≈1/375 of the wavelength). A broad peak is observed from 1200 to 4000 Hz, with an average absorption coefficient of 0.91. The maximum absorption in the 400–1200 Hz range is 0.7. This study expands the design perspective of underwater sound‐absorbing materials, transitioning from a single spatial scale to a comprehensive strategy, fostering innovation and development in the field.
Advanced Poly (Ether Ether Ketone) Separator for Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Zeng Xingyan , Chen Yi , Nie Hui , Yang Yufei , Chen Jie , Pei Huijie , Wang Xuyang , Yang Yanchao , Pang Jinhui , Zhou Xingping , Wang Guibin , Xie Xiaolin
Published: February 2025

The development of high‐performance separators is urgently needed to improve the safety and electrochemical performance of high‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries (LMB). Poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is an ideal separator candidate due to its high chemical resistance and excellent thermal stability. However, the processing of PEEK for separators with proper porous structure is rather challenging. Beyond the conventional sulfonation process of PEEK, here, a reversible chemical modification strategy is exploited to fabricate heat‐resistant PEEK separators with sophisticated hierarchical pore architecture. The lyophilic PEEK separators including dense surface layers, middle layers with horizontally aligned pore arrays, and honeycomb‐structured bottom layers enable fast ion transport and uniform Li+ flux, realizing dendrite‐free characteristics during the lithium deposition process. Hence, the PEEK separator assembled LiFePO4||Li battery delivers a remarkable capacity of 103.6 mAh·g−1 after 1000 cycles at 3 C, and offers more than two times longer cycle life than that of other PEEK‐based separators. Even at 70 °C, a high capacity retention rate of 84.2% is achieved after 200 cycles, ensuring battery safety in high‐temperature environments. Different from the commonly used surface modification strategy for functional separators, the approach reported herein exhibits a fundamental advance in separator manufacturing for future high‐safety LMBs.
Bilateral Synergistic Effects of Phototherapy‐Based NIR‐II Absorption Photosensitizer for Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Shao Tao , Han Lu , Xie Yang , Shi Zhenxiong , Yang Qilong , Liu Aojie , Liu Yi , Chen Langlang , Huang Jingman , Peng Bo , Bai Hua , Chen Hongli , Li Lin , Bian Ka
Published: February 2025

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most prevalent global health issue, affecting approximately 3 billion people, with its incidence increasing annually. The current first‐line pharmacotherapy for symptom relief has limited efficacy and often results in notable side effects. Here, aza‐BODIPY‐based nanoparticles (RH@NPs) are developed that exhibit mild photothermal therapy (PTT) and type I photodynamic therapy (PDT) capabilities. Enhanced intramolecular charge transfer induces NIR‐II absorption of the photosensitizer (RH), facilitating deeper tissue penetration for augmented AR therapy. Additionally, the use of an asymmetric donor–acceptor–acceptor′ configuration promotes the self‐assembly of RH, enhancing its intersystem crossing ability and enabling efficient photophysical activity. The synergistic effects of PTT (enhancing HSF1 DNA‐binding activity to inhibit epithelial‐mesenchymal transition by epigenetically regulating the expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition‐associated genes) and PDT (activating NRF2 transcriptional activity to stimulate the antioxidant defense system) enable RH@NPs to provide a superior therapeutic effect in a mouse model of AR. This effect is achieved by mechanically reducing the allergic response rather than merely alleviating symptoms. Notably, the photosensitizer‐based physical therapy demonstrates enhanced safety. This study is the first to successfully investigate the application of phototherapy for AR and elucidate its mechanism of action, offering a novel, straightforward, and efficient treatment strategy for AR.
pH‐Responsive DNA‐Functionalized Liquid Metal–Organic Frameworks (L‐MOFs) as Molecular Sponges for Ultrasensitive and Label‐Free SERS Detection of Folic Acid
Authors: Liu Xu , Glazutdinova Liliia , Wu Guangrun , Yang Wenxu , Liu Hongbo , Shen Yifu , Zhang Siyao , Wu Jing , Ji Haoyu , Gao Lixin , Gao Xinlu , Zhao Jiayi , Li Yang , Liu Yu
Published: February 2025

Although “hotspots” have been utilized to enhance Raman signals for detecting various biomolecules, precisely regulating “hotspot” dimensions within enhancement substrates remains a significant challenge. This study introduces a novel, easily fabricated surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensor, T6(OH⁻)/Ag@CC. This platform employs single‐stranded DNA of adjustable lengths to mediate the self‐assembly of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), resulting in a uniformly enhanced substrate with a spatially organized metal–organic frameworks architecture. The DNA‐mediated self‐assembly exhibits pH‐responsive characteristics, enabling precise control over “hotspot” distribution. Comprehensive characterization and Raman enhancement experiments demonstrate that optimal self‐assembly and signal amplification are achieved under alkaline conditions. The sensor demonstrates excellent reproducibility and sensitivity, enabling the label‐free detection of folic acid with a detection limit as low as 0.1 ng mL−1. Validation using real‐world food and biological samples highlights its ability to accurately detect and identify folic acid fingerprints in spinach, chicken liver, and various human biological fluids, including breast milk, serum, erythrocytes, and urine. The analysis of characteristic peak intensities underscores the potential of this method as a versatile and unified approach for folic acid detection across diverse sample matrices.
Gut feeling: host and habitat as drivers of the microbiome in blackbuck Antilope cervicapra
Authors: Jana Ananya , Roy Shamik , Bagchi Sumanta , Isvaran Kavita , Praveen Karanth K.
Published: February 2025

The gut microbiome can be shaped by both intrinsic host factors and extrinsic environmental factors. However, the relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in gut microbial composition has rarely been investigated, particularly for a single host across its natural range. Here, we characterise the gut microbiome of an endemic, endangered antelope, the blackbuck or Antilope cervicapra. We evaluated the influence of seven predictor variables, which were classified into intrinsic and extrinsic factors, on the gut microbiome. The intrinsic factors are nucleotide diversity (mitochondrial and nuclear) and blackbuck population density, whereas extrinsic factors are temperature, precipitation, distance to human settlement and anthropogenic land‐use. We determined which of these seven variables explains greater variation in the microbiome within (α‐diversity) and between (β‐diversity) the blackbuck hosts. We analysed the microbiome of n = 60 blackbuck hosts from ten different populations across India. We recorded 11 800 unique OTUs across 30 known phyla and 2.9 million reads. We find an average of 2056 OTUs per individual, with Bacillota and Bacteroidota being the most dominant phyla. Overall, we also show that the genetic diversity (intrinsic) of the host is more important than their environment (extrinsic) for both within‐ and between‐host variation in the microbiome of blackbuck. Our results suggest that an increase in genetic relatedness between blackbuck hosts can lead to a decrease in the variation of their gut microbial composition. Therefore, conservation efforts should be directed to not only preserve natural habitats but also increase the genetic pool of the blackbuck populations, which will positively impact their survival through diverse gut microbiomes.
Precise predictions for the QCD axion contribution to dark radiation with full phase-space evolution
Authors: Badziak Marcin , Laletin Maxim
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We compute the QCD axion contribution to the energy density of dark radiation, parameterized by ∆N
eff, by solving Boltzmann equations for the momentum distribution functions including the effects of quantum statistics for all particles involved in the axion production processes. This approach gives precise prediction for ∆N
eff independently of whether axions are produced via freeze-out or freeze-in. We focus on axions produced via flavor-conserving and flavor-violating interactions with leptons. Our precise predictions for ∆N
eff can differ from those assuming thermal shape for the momentum distribution functions, as commonly done in the literature, by more than the experimental precision of future Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations. Current lower limits on the axion couplings from Planck constraints on ∆N
eff are also affected by our precise computation which, in particular, results in a strongly relaxed bound on flavor-violating axion couplings to tau lepton and muon or electron.
Dynamics of pseudoentanglement
Authors: Feng Xiaozhou , Ippoliti Matteo
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The dynamics of quantum entanglement plays a central role in explaining the emergence of thermal equilibrium in isolated many-body systems. However, entanglement is notoriously hard to measure, and can in fact be “forged”: recent works have introduced a notion of pseudoentanglement describing ensembles of many-body states that, while only weakly entangled, cannot be efficiently distinguished from states with much higher entanglement, such as random states in the Hilbert space. This prompts the question: how much entanglement is truly necessary to achieve thermal equilibrium in quantum systems? In this work we address this question by introducing random circuit models of quantum dynamics that, at late times, equilibrate to pseudoentangled ensembles — a phenomenon we name ensemble pseudothermalization. These models replicate all the efficiently observable predictions of thermal equilibrium, while generating only a small (and tunable) amount of entanglement, thus deviating from the “maximum-entropy principle” that underpins thermodynamics. We examine (i) how a pseudoentangled ensemble on a small subsystem spreads to the whole system as a function of time, and (ii) how a pseudoentangled ensemble can be generated from an initial product state. We map the above problems onto a family of classical Markov chains on subsets of the computational basis. The mixing times of such Markov chains are related to the time scales at which the states produced from the dynamics become indistinguishable from Haar-random states at the level of each statistical moment, or number of copies. Based on a combination of rigorous bounds and conjectures supported by numerics, we argue that each Markov chain’s relaxation time and mixing time have different asymptotic behavior in the limit of large system size. This is a necessary condition for a cutoff phenomenon: an abrupt dynamical transition to equilibrium. We thus conjecture that our random circuits give rise to asymptotically sharp distinguishability transitions.
Renormalization and running in the 2D CP (1) model
Authors: Buccio Diego , Donoghue John F. , Menezes Gabriel , Percacci Roberto
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We calculate the scattering amplitude in the two dimensional CP (1) model in a regularization scheme independent way. When using cutoff regularization, a new Feynman rule from the path integral measure is required if one is to preserve the symmetry. The physical running of the coupling with renormalization scale arises from a UV finite Feynman integral in all schemes. We reproduce the usual result with asymptotic freedom, but the pathway to obtaining the beta function can be different in different schemes. The results can be extended to the O(N) model, for all N. We also comment on the way that this model evades the classic argument by Landau against asymptotic freedom in non-gauge theories.
Impact of mixed boundary conditions on stochastic equations with noise at the boundary
Authors: Fkirine M. , Hadd S. , Rhandi A.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we study evolution equations that are perturbed at the boundary by both noise and an unbounded perturbation. First, using the theory of regular linear systems, we prove the existence of solutions to this equation. Second, we investigate the long-time behavior of the solutions, such as the absolute continuity and the existence of an invariant measure.
Long-term outcomes of cemented compared to uncemented femoral stems in total hip arthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients
Authors: Axenhus Michael , Chammout Ghazi , Kelly-Pettersson Paula , Mukka Sebastian , Magnéli Martin , Sköldenberg Olof
Published: February 2025

Background

Total hip replacement (THR) is commonly used for active and lucid elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures (FNF). Historically, cemented stems have been favoured, demonstrating superior early outcomes. Controversy still exists regarding the use of cemented or uncemented stems in the most active group of patients with FNF and there is a need for extended follow-up studies to assess long-term outcome of cemented and uncemented stem results.

Methods

A 4 and 10-year follow-up was conducted on a single-centre, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Patients aged 65–79 years with an acute displaced FNF (Garden III–IV) were included, and surgeries were performed between 2009 and 2014. The study was terminated after an interim analysis indicated that the total number of early hip-related complications was substantially higher in the uncemented group. Baseline and follow-up assessments included hip-related complications, reoperations, health-related quality of life scores, Harris hip score and pain ratings.

Results

In total, 69 patients were randomized. At 4 years, there were 8 complications in the uncemented group and 2 complications in the cemented groups. The uncemented group had several periprosthetic fractures and dislocations necessitating revisions in several cases. From 4 to 10 years, the cemented group showed a single periprosthetic fracture, while none occurred in the uncemented group. The total number of complications during the study period were 8 in the uncemented group and 3 in the cemented group. The median Harris hip score for the uncemented group remained consistent at 81 for both the 4- and 10-year follow-ups. In contrast, the cemented group showed scores of 92 and 93 at the respective 4- and 10-year follow-ups, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Health-related quality of life and pain ratings were similar between groups throughout the study.

Conclusion

Our study presents a 10-year follow-up of uncemented femoral stems in THR for elderly FNF patients. Our findings not only underscore the importance of cautious decision-making in selecting patients for uncemented implants, but also highlight that most patients suitable for THR would benefit from a cemented arthroplasty to avoid an increased risk of short-term complications.
Therapeutic approach to fibromyalgia: a consensus statement on pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment from the neuropathic pain special interest group of the Italian neurological society
Authors: Devigili G. , Di Stefano G. , Donadio V. , Frattale I. , Grazzi L. , Mantovani E. , Nolano M. , Provitera V. , Quitadamo S. G. , Tamburin S. , Truini A. , Valeriani M. , Furia A. , Vecchio E. , Fischetti F. , Greco G. , Telesca A. , de Tommaso M. ,   On behhalf of neuropathic pain special interest group of the Italian neurological society (sin)
Published: February 2025

Background

Although fibromyalgia is a disabling disease, there is no targeted therapy for specific neurotransmitters or inflammatory mediators. Our aim was to provide neurologists with practical guidance for the management of these difficult patients based on a critical, narrative and non-systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from the last 10 years.

Methods

The members of the Special Interest Group Neuropathic Pain of the Italian Neurological Society evaluated the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the last 10 years and answered questions that allow a consensus on the main pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.

Results

The neuropathic pain working group agreed on prescribing antiepileptic drugs or antidepressants in the case of comorbidities with anxiety and depression. As a second choice, experts have agreed on the association of antiepileptics and antidepressants, while they disagree with the use of opioids. Medical cannabis and nutraceuticals are promising new treatment options, although more data is needed to prove their efficacy. The neurologists agreed in suggesting physical activity at the first visit, particularly aerobic and strength training. As a second choice, they considered a cognitive behavioral therapy approach to be useful.

Conclusions

Pharmacologic treatment with antiepileptic drugs and antidepressants in patients with co-occurring anxiety and depression, as well as an early nonpharmacologic approach based primarily on physical activity, may be a useful indication in contemporary neurology clinical practice. Non-pharmacological options, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and non-invasive brain stimulation NIBS, could improve evidence of efficacy and lead to relevant improvement in FM-related disability.
Efficacy of urinary [TIMP-2]⋅[IGFBP7], L-FABP, and NGAL levels for predicting community-acquired acute kidney injury in Japanese patients: a single-center, prospective cohort study
Authors: Inotani Satoshi , Kashio Takeshi , Osakabe Yuki , Matsumoto Tatsuki , Nagao Yoshiki , Ishihara Masayuki , Iwata Hideki , Mitani Keita , Hatakeyama Yutaka , Horino Taro
Published: February 2025

Background

The combination of urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) ([TIMP-2]⋅[IGFBP7]) has emerged as a strong predictor of acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with poor outcomes. However, most studies have focused on non-Asian populations, and comparisons of [TIMP-2]⋅[IGFBP7] with other AKI biomarkers in Asian populations have not been performed. Furthermore, no study has examined the efficacy of [TIMP-2]⋅[IGFBP7] for predicting community-acquired AKI.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled adult patients at Kochi Medical School Hospital in Kochi, Japan, and performed a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to assess the ability of [TIMP-2]⋅[IGFBP7], neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) measured at the time of admission to predict AKI.

Results

Of the 170 enrolled patients, 40 (23.5%) developed AKI. Risk factors for AKI development were male sex, history of hypertension, low albumin levels, and high [TIMP-2]⋅[IGFBP7] and NGAL levels. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] for predicting AKI was 0.804 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.728–0.880); however, the AUCs of L-FABP and NGAL were 0.688 (95% CI, 0.594–0.782) and 0.726 (95% CI, 0.639–0.813), respectively.

Conclusion

Urinary [TIMP-2]⋅[IGFBP7] is a good predictor of community-acquired AKI.
Blending Teacher Autonomy Support and Provision of Structure in the Classroom for Optimal Motivation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Patzak Alexandra , Zhang Xiaorong
Published: February 2025

Teacher autonomy support and provision of structure are crucial for students’ learning and motivation, yet it is unclear how to best blend them. Research describes autonomy support and structure as independent but mutually supportive, equivalent, and even opposite. These contradictions jeopardize the generalizability of findings across studies and hamper classroom implementation. Our meta-analysis aims to disentangle the dynamics between autonomy support and structure by synthesizing their definitions, relationships, and effects on students. Following PRISMA guidelines, 94 studies and 110 effect sizes were identified through databases (PsycINFO, ERIC, Education Research Complete, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Teacher Reference Center, ProQuest Education Database, and ProQuest Theses & Dissertations) and forward reference searches. Dissertations and peer-reviewed articles examining teacher autonomy support and structure were included. Our synthesis revealed intertwined conceptualizations and plentiful operationalizations of autonomy support and structure. Autonomy support and structure reinforced each other, with a large effect size. This relationship was moderated by the data collection method and school level and appears to be universal. Autonomy support and structure both elevated students’ motivation, engagement, and need satisfaction with moderate to large effect sizes. Teachers who facilitate autonomy and structure were motivated to teach and felt effective as teachers. Our findings suggest blending autonomy support and structure for optimal growth of students and teachers.
Chronic Parenting Stress in Parents of Children with Autism: Associations with Chronic Stress in Their Child and Parental Mental and Physical Health
Authors: van der Lubbe Anna , Swaab Hanna , Vermeiren Robert , van Rossum Elisabeth F. C. , van Balkom I. D. C. , Ester Wietske A.
Published: February 2025

Parents of children with ASD often demonstrate high levels of stress and associated health problems. A gap in knowledge exists regarding the associations between chronic stress and mental and physical health of parents of young children with ASD, in which fathers have been understudied. In 181 parents (98 mothers, 83 fathers) of 99 young children with ASD chronic stress was measured using parental self-report and hair cortisol concentration (HCC) analysis. Parental mental health and eating behavior was measured using questionnaires. Physical health was evaluated by Body Mass Index, waist circumference, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose.. Parental HCC was related with child HCC (r

mothers
= 0.51, p <.01; r

fathers
= 0.40, p <.01). Maternal HCC was associated with lower reported parenting stress (r = −.33, p <.01). Parental mental health problems and reported parenting stress were strongly related (r =.55-0.61, p <.01). Mental health problems were twice as frequent as in the norm-population (41.1–45.8% versus 20%). In both parents, reported parenting stress was associated with emotional eating behavior. HCC was associated with higher glucose levels in mothers. There were no associations between chronic stress and the other physical health measures in mothers and fathers. Parents of young children with ASD are at high risk for chronic stress, with impact for their mental and physical health. Additionally, chronic stress of parents, cannot be perceived isolated from the stress in their children with ASD. We encourage future research to investigate whether these correlations are generalizable to the whole ASD population.
Examen Tu Salud: A Digital Spiritual Health Intervention for Young Adult US Latinas
Authors: L’Engle Kelly , Landeros Adam , Trejo Evelin
Published: February 2025

Although spiritual health is a core dimension of health and wellness, particularly for Latinos, it receives limited attention in health promotion interventions. Examen Tu Salud is a brief intervention for young Latinas in the USA and is designed using culturally tailored spiritual messaging and education provided through daily multimedia messages and weekly remote peer coaching rooted in Ignatian values and pedagogy. Results from this single group intervention study showed that after four weeks, participants reported large increases in spiritual health (Cohen d = 0.82), well-being (Cohen d = 0.91), and happiness (Cohen d = 0.84), and moderate reductions in stress (Cohen d = 0.41) and anxiety (Cohen d = 0.49). These findings further develop the spiritual health intervention literature and establish a baseline for future brief digital health interventions to support Latinas and other groups using culturally tailored spiritual health messaging.
Copper-based fungicide application shifts the soil bacterial community structure and the soil nitrogen cycle
Authors: Schneider Martin , Deltedesco Evi , Gorfer Markus , Berger Harald , Breiner Lisa , Paumann Melanie , Soja Gerhard , Mentler Axel , Zechmeister-Boltenstern Sophie , Wenzel Walter W. , Zehetner Franz , Keiblinger Katharina M.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Through high sorption affinities of Copper (Cu) to soil organic matter, excessively applied Cu generates complex responses by numerous soil functions, e.g. microbial nutrient cycling, that are relying on organic matter decomposition.

Methods

Effects of Cu on soil nitrogen (N) transformation were investigated on a bacterial community level with complying N-functional genes, enzymatic activities and N-pools. Up to 5000 mg Cu kg−1 were applied to an acidic sandy loam (AS) and a calcareous silt loam (CL). An eco-toxicological greenhouse pot experiment was carried out and sampled after 28 and 106 days during the growth of Medicago sativa.

Results

In both soils, the urease activity and ammonium increased with Cu, whereas nitrate decreased. This reduced the mineral N, much stronger in the AS than in the CL. The microbial N rather declined, but the ammonia oxidation via amoA increased, especially in the AS. The NO2
−-reductase via nirS declined continuously, while nirK increased up to 200 mg Cu kg−1. The dominating denitrifying Pseudomonas decreased, the community shifted towards saprotrophs at 500 and 1500 mg Cu kg−1 in the AS and CL, respectively.

Conclusions

Shifts in the N-cycle and pool sizes resulting from excessive Cu became apparent in this study. The soil texture- and pH-governed bioavailability affected the Cu-derived responses and indicated a higher sensitivity of the AS. The increasing abundance of Pseudoxanthomonas, i.e. solely capable of dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonium suggested Cu-related shifts to this N-pathway. This explains the elevated ammonium concentrations, but not the reduced mineral N-pool.

Graphical Abstract
Building a Culture of Health Through the Built Environment: Impact of a Cluster Randomized Trial Remediating Vacant and Abandoned Property on Health Mindsets
Authors: Theall Katherine P. , Wallace Jasmine , Tucker Amber , Wu Kimberly , Walker Brigham , Gustat Jeanette , Kondo Michelle , Morrison Christopher , Pealer Casius , Branas Charles C. , Richardson Lisa
Published: February 2025

Changing built environment conditions to impact health mindsets and health equity may be a promising target for public health interventions. The present study was a cluster randomized controlled trial to test the impact of remediating vacant and abandoned properties on factors related to health mindset—including well-being, health interconnectedness, social capital markers, neighborhood disorder, and worry—as well as direct and indirect violence experiences and the moderating role of racial and income segregation on outcomes. A residential cohort of 405 participants from 194 randomly assigned geographic clusters was surveyed over five waves from 2019 to 2023. Compared to clusters with no treatment, participants in clusters where both vacant lots and abandoned homes were treated experienced significant increases in sense of community (83%, 95% CI = 71 to 96%, p = 0.01). Among participants in randomization clusters where only vacant lots were treated, there were declines in perceived neighborhood disorder (− 55%, 95% CI = − 79 to − 5, p = 0.06) and worry about community violence (− 56%, 95% CI = − 58 to − 12, p = 0.06). There was also a moderating effect of racial and income spatial polarization, with the greatest changes in sense of community observed among more deprived areas with both homes and lots treated, and the largest changes in neighborhood worry and disorder were seen in more deprived areas with only lots treated. Remediation of vacant and abandoned properties may be one approach to change some but not all mindsets around health, and the effects may depend on the type of remediation as well as larger neighborhood conditions such as segregation.
SOX10-Mediated Regulation of Enteric Glial Phenotype in vitro and its Relevance for Neuroinflammatory Disorders
Authors: Kunke Madlen , Kaehler Meike , Boni Sebastien , Schröder Katja , Weier Alicia , Chunder Rittika , Kuerten Stefanie , Böttner Martina , Cascorbi Ingolf , Neunlist Michel , Wedel Thilo , Lucius Ralph , Cossais François
Published: February 2025

The transcription factor SOX10 is a key regulator of myelinated glial cell phenotype and function, with a known role in multiple sclerosis (MS). SOX10 is also expressed in enteric glial cells (EGC) within the gut, yet its regulatory functions in EGC remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify SOX10 target genes that influence EGC phenotype and may have implications for MS. An EGC cell line was established for doxycycline-inducible SOX10 overexpression. Impact of SOX10 overexpression on EGC phenotype was assessed by genome-wide expression analysis and results were validated via RT-qPCR and western blot. Data were compared with SOX10 ChIP-seq and transcriptomic datasets from MS patients to identify pan-glial SOX10 target genes potentially linked to neuroinflammatory disorders. SOX10 overexpression was associated with ectopic upregulation of genes related to myelin regulation and glial differentiation, as evidenced by increased PLP1 expression at mRNA and protein levels. Comparison to ChIP-seq and MS datasets highlight SOX10 target genes, including PLP1, RNF130, NES and APOD potentially involved in central and peripheral manifestations of MS pathology. Our findings support a cell-specific regulation of EGC phenotype through SOX10 expression level and identify SOX10-regulated genes relevant to EGC function. This research advances the understanding of EGC diversity and provide information about glial cells targeting in neuroinflammatory disorders.
Cation Channel TMEM63A Autonomously Facilitates Oligodendrocyte Differentiation at an Early Stage
Authors: Wang Yue-Ying , Wu Dan , Zhan Yongkun , Li Fei , Zang Yan-Yu , Teng Xiao-Yu , Zhang Linlin , Duan Gui-Fang , Wang He , Xu Rong , Chen Guiquan , Xu Yun , Yang Jian-Jun , Yu Yongguo , Shi Yun Stone
Published: February 2025

Accurate timing of myelination is crucial for the proper functioning of the central nervous system. Here, we identified a de novo heterozygous mutation in TMEM63A (c.1894G>A; p. Ala632Thr) in a 7-year-old boy exhibiting hypomyelination. A Ca2+ influx assay suggested that this is a loss-of-function mutation. To explore how TMEM63A deficiency causes hypomyelination, we generated Tmem63a knockout mice. Genetic deletion of TMEM63A resulted in hypomyelination at postnatal day 14 (P14) arising from impaired differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Notably, the myelin dysplasia was transient, returning to normal levels by P28. Primary cultures of Tmem63a
−/− OPCs presented delayed differentiation. Lentivirus-based expression of TMEM63A but not TMEM63A_A632T rescued the differentiation of Tmem63a
−/− OPCs in vitro and myelination in Tmem63a
−/− mice. These data thus support the conclusion that the mutation in TMEM63A is the pathogenesis of the hypomyelination in the patient. Our study further demonstrated that TMEM63A-mediated Ca2+ influx plays critical roles in the early development of myelin and oligodendrocyte differentiation.
Corynebacterium glutamicum: Modellorganismus der bakteriellen Zellbiologie
Authors: Bramkamp Marc
Published: February 2025

Corynebacterium glutamicum is used in biotechnology for the industrial-scale production of amino acids, particularly glutamate and lysine. Beyond its role in production, Corynebacterium glutamicum has become a new model organism for microbial cell biology in recent years. Its well-characterized genetics, robust metabolism, and non-pathogenicity allow exploration of bacterial cell processes, such as cell wall synthesis, division, and response to environmental stress, positioning it as a new model for studying fundamental biological mechanisms in prokaryotes.