bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Paper Microdevices in the Identification and Quantification of Cocaine in Seized Street Samples
Authors: dos Reis Jadson , Romão Wanderson
Published: August 2021

The growing consumption of illicit drugs in Brazil is becoming increasingly problematic for society. It is therefore critical to develop technologies to combat drug trafficking that allow for rapid, non-invasive evaluation of drug samples. Microfluidics is a technology that manipulates and studies small amounts of fluids, using structures with dimensions from ten to hundreds of micrometers (microdevices). The main advantages of microfluidic approaches are its low cost, speed, and ability to provide results in loco. Here, paper microfluidics were developed to perform the modified Scott test to calculate the cocaine hydrochloride content in seized samples of cocaine (n = 30) and crack (n = 30). A smartphone with the Photometrix® app was used to construct a model for quantifying the samples. A factorial model was developed to optimize microfluidic analytical parameters such as spot size (6, 8 and 10 mm), reagent content (50, 75, and 100% cobalt thiocyanate II), cocaine hydrochloride concentration (4, 6 and 8 mg mL-1) and response time (or analyte detection; t = 0, 0.5 1, 12 and 24 h). After experimental planning, a diameter of ΜPADs = 8 mm - [Co(SCN)2] = 100% and a 1 h response time were identified as the best conditions. We observed that the cocaine hydrochloride concentration did not influence the model. A sample concentration of 15 mg mL-1 was used to quantify cocaine hydrochloride in street samples apprehended by the Forensic Police of Espírito Santo state (with n = 60). The quantification curve constructed to determine the cocaine hydrochloride concentration showed a determination coefficient, R2, of 0.98246 and RMSEC (root mean squares error calibration - mean square error of the calibration) of 0.39480, with a LOD and LOQ of 0.09 and 0.30 mg mL-1, respectively. For the crack samples, the cocaine hydrochloride concentrations ranged from 2.5 to 60.8 wt% with an average purity content of 21.3 ± 13.3 wt%. For the seized cocaine samples, variation in hydrochloride content from 1.2 to 22.6 wt% was observed with a mean percentage of 14.19 ± 6.92 wt%. Finally, chemometric tools such as principal component analysis were used to assess the similarity among the samples.
Analisis Kualitas Air Lindi dan Permukaan pada areal TPA Sowi Gunung dan Sekitarnya di Kabupaten Manokwari Papua Barat
Authors: Angrianto Novaldi Laudi , Manusawai Jacob , Sinery Anton S.
Published: August 2021

The aim of the research was to determine the quality of leachate water in the processing unit (IPAL) of TPA Sowi Gunung and the quality of surface water around the TPA in relation to the operation of the IPAL TPA.The method used in this research is descriptive method with cross sectional survey technique by collecting leachate samples from the IPAL unit and surface water samples from two springs around the landfill area accompanied by in situ measurements of pH parameters and continued with 6 parameter quality analysis others (TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, N-total, TOC) at the Laboratory of the Center for Environmental Research, University of Papua. The result of the research it is known that the parameters of pH, TSS, BOD, COD, N-total, and TOC in the TPA IPAL unit are categorized as under quality standards (PerMenLHK No.59 of 2016 concerning leachate quality standards for businesses and / or activities for final processing sites trash).In particular, the TDS parameter does not have a tolerance limit corresponding to this quality standard so that it becomes a separate consideration in its management considering that water with a high amount of dissolved solids> 1000 mg / L has an unpleasant taste, so it is not suitable for consumption.Likewise, the quality of surface water at 2 (two) observation points of springs through parameters of pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, N-total, and TOC are categorized as under class I water quality standards according to PP No. 82 of 2001 concerning water quality management and water pollution control.
Gregorio José de Merlos es un proceso judicial
Authors: Rivera Serna Raúl
Published: August 2021

El estudio de la Rebelión de Túpac Amaru ofrece amplias perspectivas a la investigación histórica, porque dada su trascendencia, no se trata únicamente de incidir en su génesis, desarrollo y manifestación en forma circunscrita al hecho histórico individual considerado, en sí, sino que es imperioso adentrarse en las circunstancias que le son concomitantes y que bien pueden considerarse como proyecciones de un cuerpo histórico común. Fiel a este criterio se estudia el medio geográfico que le sirvió de escenario; el ambiente de la época considerado en sus múltiples manifestacones; a' los personajes que tomaron parte en ella, ya sea que su participación haya sido directa, indirecta o en grado todavía no especificado y los dos planos en que  se situaron estos últimos: como elemento director o subordinado a él; ambos interesados en el feliz término de la causa común. Pero no sólo le cupo meritoria actuación al grupo laico, al lado de él estuvo el religioso, muchos de Cuyos representantes simpatizaron sin taxativas con el movimiento rebelde. Dentro este grupo merece destacarse las figuras del Obispo Juan Manuel de Moscoso y Peralta, en el Alto Perú; y la del cura Gregorio José de Merlos. Si el primero destacó por la vinculación que tuvo con los insurrectos, sobresalió también en el ejercicio de su función estrictamente religiosa.
Juan Sebastián Bach, visto desde nuestro siglo
Authors: Arróspide de la Flor César
Published: August 2021

En el arduo momento que vive nuestra cultura en estos años, al hacer crisis el ciclo histórico iniciado con el Renacimiento y la Reforma, asume renovado interés el meditar sobre lo que representaron sus grandes artistas, uno de los cuales — entre los más geniales y profundos — fué Juan Sebastián Bach.
La historia y como se escribe
Authors: Wecter Dixon
Published: August 2021

Explica que la historia examina el surgimiento y el ocaso de las naciones y de las culturas, con sus héroes y sus líderes políticos, así como es un testimonio de los experimentos humanos para vivir juntos en la guerra y en la paz; de sus luchas por el pan, la comodidad y la fé; de sus ideas generales y de sus símbolos colectivos.
Homenaje a Paul Rivet
Authors: Muelle Jorge C.
Published: August 2021

Este es un homenaje a Paul Rivet.Y puesto que no es mi deseo que este homenaje sea un vano amontonamiento de adjetivos; puesto que no deseo que parezca el juicio apasionado de un admirador y de un amigo, hubiera querido examinar aquí su obra de antropólogo con objetividad y método, en la forma en que Rivet que como todo buen francés llevaba en sí el sentido de la dignidad de la razón, aceptaría ser juzgado.
The Unethical Practices of the Pharmaceutical Industries in Bangladesh in their Drug Promotion and its Impacts
Authors: Awal Abdul , Saidy Shishir , Aliullah Md.
Published: August 2021

This article highlights the unethical practices of pharmaceutical industries in Bangladesh in their drug promotion and its impacts. It is evident that pharmaceutical industry is one of the promising sectors in the industrial field of Bangladesh. Now, the pharmaceutical industries of Bangladesh are exporting their products to more than 100 countries in the world after meeting the local demand. This study also represents the growth and market share of pharmaceutical industries, total exports of last five years, unethical practices in promotion of pharmaceutical industries and impacts of unethical practices. To conduct the study both secondary and primary data have been used. The target population of this study was medical professional men including physicians of Phultala Thana in Khulna District. Finally the study provides some recommendations to overcome the situation. There are a lot of rooms for Bangladesh to develop in this sector. In this study, the unethical practices in promotion of pharmaceutical industries that can make obstacle in the sustainable growth of pharmaceutical business in Bangladesh are discussed meticulously.
Research on the Impact of Relationship Networks on Farmers’ Formal Credit Constraints: The Case of China
Authors: Chen Lun-song , Sun Bi-Lin
Published: August 2021

Based on the survey data of Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, this paper uses the Heckman two-stage model to construct a credit constraint function without selection bias, and explores the relationship between the scale and quality of the relationship network and the credit constraints of rural households. Research shows that the scale of the relationship network is affected adversely by urbanization and networking, having a weaker impact on the formal credit constraints of rural households. The quality of the relationship networks can improve farmers’ awareness of formal credit, reduce transaction exposure, regulate farmers’ behavior and act as a “guarantee”, thereby effectively alleviating farmers’ formal credit constraints. At the same time, the relationship network of farmers is gradually becoming more structured, where farmers' social interests are becoming more purposeful. Additionally, formal financial institutions have set a threshold for farmers’ credit, which requires a certain amount of securities for money.
Impact of Greek Financial Crisis on the Value of Euro with the Other Major World Currencies
Authors: Gautami S
Published: August 2021

During the Greek Financial Crisis period (December 2009), Greece, one of the members of the EUROZONE, faced an unprecedented financial crisis which triggered gradual erosion in the value of EURO with respect to major world currencies during this period. During May 2010, the European Union agreed for a bailout package for Greece which was intended to prevent a further decline in the value of Euro.

This study mainly focuses on the trend in the Exchange rate of Euro against the world’s major currencies during the period of Greek financial crisis and the predictability of Future spot exchange rates using the currency Futures rates. It has been noted that on an average the variation between Future spot rate and Currency futures rates has been highest in respect of INR/EURO and the lowest in respect of GBP/EURO. This indicates that the predictability of GBP/EURO futures rate as an indicator of future spot price has been the highest.

Further, it has been found that the depreciation in the EURO exchange rate during the Greek financial crisis has been the highest against INR and lowest against GBP. This has been further confirmed by the fact that the Regression Coefficient of GBP/EURO has been the lowest while that of INR/EURO has been the highest.
Deconditioning the Mind for Better Learning: The Gift of Reasoning
Authors: Lima Willy , Mauzard Nicole
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses classical or Pavlovian conditioning, deconditioning, and critical thinking within the context of the human condition and relevant literature. The practical goal of this analysis is to demonstrate how to ‘reprogram’ our thinking from previous, somewhat dysfunctional learning to improve our responsiveness to others and our joy. Becker (2020) defined deconditioning as a systematic self-training process to free oneself from “undesirable desires”–urges and emotions that pop up when we would prefer they did not, thereby making life more stressful. By training oneself to ‘tune out’ these undesirable or distracting desires, one becomes more capable of making and adhering to intentional decisions. Such purposefulness can lead to increased experiences of the pleasures of life emanating from a sense of freedom rather than compulsion (Becker, 2020,p.1). To achieve that goal, this paper explores the important distinctions between conditioning and deconditioning, examining their roles and usefulness in learning generally. In this pursuit, several pertinent articles and books describing conditioning and deconditioning, combined with critical reflection on the researcher’s relevant experiences, are examined to illustrate how people can ‘decondition’ their thinking to stimulate appropriate reasoning for improved learning and memory. Briefly, deconditioning can lead to superior reasoning, resulting in benefits for learning, character development and beyond.
Study of Investors’ Preference for the Selection of an Insurance Product
Authors: Gugale Pradnya , Mali Vedashree
Published: August 2021

Human Being’s life is the most significant asset and life-insurance is the most significant sort of insurance which gives financial protection to theindividualhimself/herself and to his family at the hour of dubious dangers or harm. Life insurance gives both safety and protection to people and furthermore encourages investment funds among individuals. The present exploratory based investigation was chosen with a target to analyze those factors which impact client’s strategy purchasing choice and furthermore examine the inclinations of clients while making decision about insurance policy investment. Different insurance-related factors have been examined in the paper. Also, the said study has been conducted to know the satisfaction level of the clients and also to know the benefit they have been receiving from the company (if any). The information for the research has been gathered from primary data. The study zone is restricted to Maharashtra state and the test sample is 30 investors. The hypotheses have been based on the basis of demographic and the factors related to the insurance-based preference.factors and tested the same with the help of statistical tool T-test. The analyzed data had been produced in the form of a tables and graphs/charts. Insurance agencies should spread more awareness about life insurance, a decrease in the premium amount, and giving more attention to need-based innovative products are a portion of the recommendations which I would suggest. The paper closes with the segment that factors of the individuals play a significant and essential role in choosing the purchase of insurance policies.
Input Structure Effect of Total Factor Productivity Growth of Animal Husbandry
Authors: Xiu-shuang LI , Liang ZHAO , Kang YU
Published: August 2021

This paper uses the input-output panel data of China's animal husbandry industry from 1997 to 2017, based on the total factor decomposition framework of total factor productivity (TFP), and uses the Hicks-Moorsteen index completely decompose the growth of animal husbandry TFP. By measuring the effect of mixed efficiency on the development of TFP in animal husbandry and then evaluating the input structure effect of TFP growth in animal husbandry. The results show that the impact of input structure on the TFP growth of animal husbandry has also changed from negative to positive. From 1997 to 2007, the input structure of the Huanghuaihai region alone contributed to the growth of TFP in animal husbandry, and the rest of the region was the opposite. From 2008 to 2017, the input structure of the Mengxin Plateau region hindered the growth of TFP in animal husbandry, while the rest of the region was the opposite.
pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan
Authors: Fauziyah Nabilah
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untukmengetahui kepemimpinan lurah terhadap pemberdayaan masyarakat di Kelurahan Lautang Benteng Kecamatan Maritengngae Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. Tipe penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel dalam penelitian yaitu 96 orang masyarakat dengan teknik purposive sampling menggunakan rumus Slovin. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi dan kuesioner. Data yang ada dianalisis melalui tabel frekuensi menggunakan skala likert dan dilakukan metode analisis regresi linear sederhana melalui pengolahan SPSS 22.0. Hasilnya memperlihatkan bahwa: Kepemimpinan Lurah sebesar 45,17% termasuk dalam kategori cukup baik; Pemberdayaan Masyarakat sebesar 39,6% termasuk dalam kategori kurang baik; dan penelitian Memperlihatkan kepemimpinan lurah berpengaruh terhadap pemberdayaan masyarakat. Ini dibuktikan melalui dengan perolehan output data dari tabel summary R2, kepemimpinan lurah memiliki pengaruh 13,3% terhadap pemberdayaan masyarakat sedangkan sisanya 86,7% dimungkinkan dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar kerangka penelitian
The Right to Repair: Patent Law and 3D Printing in Australia
Authors: Rimmer Matthew
Published: August 2021

Considering recent litigation in the Australian courts, and an inquiry by the Productivity Commission, this paper calls for patent law reform in respect of the right to repair in Australia. It provides an evaluation of the decision of the Full Court of the Federal Court in Calidad Pty Ltd v Seiko Epson Corporation [2019] FCAFC 115 – as well as the High Court of Australia consideration of the matter in Calidad Pty Ltd v Seiko Epson Corporation [2020] HCA 41. It highlights the divergence between the layers of the Australian legal system on the topic of patent law – between the judicial approach of the Federal Court of Australia and the Full Court of the Federal Court of Australia, and the endorsement of the patent exhaustion doctrine by the majority of the High Court of Australia. In light of this litigation, this paper reviews the policy approach taken by the Productivity Commission in respect of patent law, the right to repair, consumer rights, and competition policy. After the considering the findings of the Productivity Commission, it is recommended that there is a need to provide for greater recognition of the right to repair under patent law. It also calls for the use of compulsory licensing, crown use, competition oversight, and consumer law protection to reinforce the right to repair under patent law. In the spirit of modernising Australia’s regime, this paper makes a number of recommendations for patent law reform – particularly in light of 3D printing, additive manufacturing, and digital fabrication. It calls upon the legal system to embody some of the ideals, which have been embedded in the Maker’s Bill of Rights, and the iFixit Repair Manifesto. The larger argument of the paper is that there needs to be a common approach to the right to repair across the various domains of intellectual property – rather than the current fragmentary treatment of the topic. This paper calls upon the new Albanese Government to make systematic reforms to recognise the right to repair under Australian law.
Rancang Bangun dan Analisa Ekonomi Mesin Pengiris Adonan Kerupuk Merah Tipe Piringan Pisau Vertikal
Authors: Hendra  , Mahrani Hadijah putri , Febri Khairul , Sitorus Muhammad Irfan Maulana , Fauzan Abdi , Rafki  , elvinhasman  , Batubara Fanny Yuliana , Jamaluddin
Published: August 2021

Kerupuk adalah makanan kering yang sangat populer di Indonesia, sehingga permintaan masyarakat terhadap kerupuk cukup tinggi. Alat pengiris adonan kerupuk secara mekanis mampu melakukan pengirisan kerupuk dalam jumlah banyak dengan ketebalan hasil irisan relatif sama dan dapat mengurangi resiko kecelakaan kerja. Metode pelaksanaan dalam pembuatan mesin pengiris adonan kerupuk merah ini dimulai dari perancangan alat secara fungsional dan struktural, pengujian kinerja alat dan analisa ekonomi teknik. Kapasitas alat pengiris adonan kerupuk yaitu 182,524 kg/jam, rata–rata persentase kerusakan hasil 38% dan rata-rata ketebalan hasil irisan 2,12 mm. Hasil analisis ekonomi alat pengiris adonan kerupuk didapat biaya tetap Rp. 1.27.130/tahun, biaya tidak tetap Rp. 16.986/jam, biaya pokok Rp. 61,194/kg, dan break event point Rp. 2.823,55kg/thn.
Using Smiles, Frowns, and Gaze to Attribute Conscious States to Others: Testing Part of the Attention Schema Theory
Authors: Bio Branden J. , Graziano Michael S. A.
Published: August 2021

In the attention schema theory, people attribute the property of consciousness to themselves and others because it serves as a schematic model of attention. Most of the existing literature on monitoring the attention of others assumes that people primarily use the gaze direction of others. In that assumption, attention is not represented by a deeper model, but instead limited mainly to a single, externally visible parameter. Here we presented subjects with two cues about the attentional state of a face: direction of gaze and emotional expression. We tested whether people relied predominantly on one cue, the other, or both when deciding if the face was conscious of a nearby object. If the traditional view is correct, then the gaze cue should dominate. Instead, some people relied on gaze, some on expression, and some on an integration of cues, suggesting that a variety of surface strategies could inform a deeper model. We also assessed people’s social cognitive ability using two, independent, standard tests. If the traditional view of attention monitoring is correct, then the degree to which people use gaze to judge attention should correlate best with their social cognitive ability. Instead, social cognitive ability correlated best with the degree to which people successfully integrated the cues together. The results strongly suggest that when people attribute a specific state of consciousness to another, rather than simply tracking gaze, they construct a model of attention, or an attention schema, that is informed by a combination of surface cues.
Morality in the echo chamber: The relationship between belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories and public health support and the mediating role of moral identity and morality-as-cooperation across 67 countries
Authors: Gkinopoulos Theofilos , Elbaek Christian T. , Mitkidis Panagiotis
Published: August 2021

Believing in conspiracy theories is a major problem, especially in the face of a pandemic, as these constitute a significant obstacle to public health policies, like the use of masks and vaccination. Indeed, during the COVID-19 pandemic, several ungrounded explanations regarding the origin of the virus or the effects of vaccinations have been rising, leading to vaccination hesitancy or refusal which poses as a threat to public health. Recent studies have shown that in the core of conspiracy theories lies a moral evaluation component; one that triggers a moral reasoning which reinforces the conspiracy itself. To gain a better understanding of how conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 affect public health containment behaviors and policy support via morality-relevant variables, we analysed comprehensive data from the International Collaboration on the Social & Moral Psychology (ICSMP) of COVID-19, consisting of 49.965 participants across 67 countries. We particularly explored the mediating role of two levels of morality: individual and group-based morality. Results show that believing in conspiracy theories reduces adoption of containment health-related behaviors and policy support of public health measures, but moral identity and morality-as-cooperation significantly mediate this relationship. This means that beliefs in conspiracy theories do not simply constitute antecedents of cognitive biases or failures, nor maladaptive behaviors based on personality traits, but are morally infused and should be dealt as such. Based on our findings, we further discuss the psychological, moral, and political implications of endorsement of conspiracy theories in the era of the pandemic.
Reproducible Research in R: A Tutorial on how to Do the Same Thing More Than Once
Authors: Peikert Aaron , Van Lissa Caspar J. , Brandmaier Andreas Markus
Published: August 2021

Reproducibility has long been considered integral to the scientific method. Something is called reproducible when an independent person obtains the same results from the same data. Until recently, detailed descriptions of methods and analyses were the primary instrument for ensuring scientific reproducibility. Technological advancements now enable scientists to achieve a more comprehensive standard; one in which any individual can be granted access to a digital research repository, and reproduce the analyses from the raw data to the final report including all relevant statistical analyses with a single command. This method has far-reaching implications for scientific archiving, reproducibility and replication, scientific productivity, and the credibility and reliability of scientific findings. One obstacle preventing the widespread adoption of this method is that the underlying technological advancements are complicated to use. This paper introduces `repro`, an R-package, which guides researchers in the installation and use of the tools required for making a research project reproducible. Finally, we suggest the use of the proposed tools for the preregistration of study plans as reproducible computer code (preregistration as code; PAC). Since computer code represents the planned analyses exactly as they will be executed, it is more precise than natural language descriptions of those analyses, which merely complement the PAC as a more readable summary. PAC circumvents the shortcomings of ambiguous preregistrations that may give researchers undesired degrees of freedom. Hence, reproducibility made convenient with automation has a wide range of applications to accelerate scientific progress.
Exploring the Needs and Expectations of International Students towards The National University of Malaysia (UKM)
Authors: Arandas Mohammed Fadel , Ling Loh Yoke , Sannusi Shahrul Nazmi
Published: August 2021

This study demonstrates main reasons for choosing The National University of Malaysia (UKM) by internationalstudents and their needs and expectations toward the University. The study also shows the obstacles faced bythose students and their satisfaction towards UKM. A total of 108 questionnaires were distributed in the maincampus to the respondents who came from ten diffident countries. The main reasons for choosing UKM were itshigh ranking, reasonable tuition fees, faculty, programmes, and lecturers respectively. The results revealed thatthe main obstacles faced international students were tough visa procedures, improper hostels, social isolation anddiscrimination, and bureaucracy. Both the facilities and services of UKM and the studying approach have met theexpectations satisfaction of international students. Yet, both social relationship and participation in activities andliving conditions in UKM hostels have disappointed international students and did not meet their satisfaction. This study suggested that UKM should establish counselling unit and organise regular meetings to listen to the problems and suggestions of those students. Volunteer and pre-enrolment activities should be organised to introduce the Malaysian culture and gather international students with their local peer. Moreover, international students should be provided upon their arrival to UKM by hostels that combine proper conditions of living at a reasonable price.
Nativity Penalty, Legal Status Paradox: The Effects of Nativity and Legal Status Signals in the U.S. Labor Market
Authors: Kreisberg A. Nicole
Published: August 2021

Combining field experimental, survey, and interview data, this article examines whether and why employers screen higher-educated Latino men based on nativity and legal status. The field experiment, a correspondence audit study of 1,364 real jobs in eight cities, shows that employers are twice as likely to call back native-born as foreign-born Latinos. Paradoxically, however, employers do not differentially screen foreign-born Latinos based on legal status: employers called back documented green card holders with full work rights at almost the same rates as undocumented Latinos without the right to work. A national survey experiment of 468 HR representatives, and interviews with 23 HR representatives and immigration lawyers, reveal that individual and organizational mechanisms explain why employers are reluctant to hire Latino immigrants, regardless of their legal standing. Individually, employers hold nativist views about Latino immigrants’ English language ability, which they perceive could threaten workplace culture. And organizationally, employers associate Latino immigrants with immigration enforcement and deportation, which they perceive could threaten workplace stability. Ultimately, the results point to the power of individual perceptions and immigration laws for hampering the employment of even documented college-educated Latinos.
Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Anemic Pregnancies
Authors: Sinha Kavita , Adhikari Homnath , Kushwaha Amrendra , Rimal Goma
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Anemia in pregnancy is a public health problem of developing countries and has a significant impact on the health of mother and fetus. It is one of the leading cause responsible for maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Aims: To find out the severity of anemia in pregnancy and its maternal and perinatal outcome.
Methods: A prospective randomized case control study undertaken in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nepalgunj Medical College, Kolhapur from September 2019 to August 2020. Total of 200 study subjects were enrolled, cases and control were 100 each, with cut off for anemia as 11gm/dl.
Results: Out of 100 cases of anemia, 58 were mildly anemic (Hemoglobin: 10-10.9), 23 moderately (7-10) and 21 severely anemic (<7gm/dl). Anemic cases were found to have higher incidence of preterm birth (8%), postpartum hemorrhage (5%), and maternal morbidity (19%) than in non-anemic controls. Adverse fetal outcome in the form of preterm birth (8%), Intrauterine Growth Restriction (14%), Still birth (3%), Early neonatal death (4%), Low birth weight babies (22%), neonatal morbidity (17.5%) was more in anemic  group than non-anemic controls.
Conclusion: Anemia in pregnancy has adverse effects on the mother and fetus. It is important to diagnose and treat anemia in pregnancy to ensure optimal health of mother and newborn.
Directional Camera Control on High Altitude Balloons
Authors: Plewa Matthew Isaac , Scharlau Brent M.
Published: August 2021

The research reported in this paper examined the design and control of a gimbal for solar eclipse tracking and video recording. The gimbal design required 3 axes of rotation to allow for a full range of motion. Utilizing individual brushless motors for each of the axes ensures minimum rotational requirements on each axes. In controlling the gimbal, both a mathematical and visual method was utilized. The mathematical method is a modeled version of what is currently used for solar array pointing. The visual method looks at where the position of the sun is within the image and determines what angle changes are required. Utilizing a combination of these methods helps to eliminate error that accumulates within the onboard gyros due to the erratic behavior of balloon motion during flight. Elimination of this error ensures accurate video recording of the solar eclipse.
Active Heading Control Platform for Instruments Flown on High Altitude Balloons
Authors: Kruger Andrew , Maksimowicz Robert , Zaheer Mehrunisa , Almaraz-Vega Alfredo , Urquiza Jesus
Published: August 2021

Experiments flown on high-altitude balloons are typically free to spin without any control or information collected on the payload orientation during flight, limiting the scope of experiments that can be performed. Projects that include targeting (i.e. imaging the 2017 solar eclipse) have at best a random chance of succeeding, while video footage is often hard to watch due to high payload rotation rates. While passive stabilization reduces the rotation rate, active pointing control is necessary for continuous target acquisition. Here we discuss a project built by students at Wright College called the Controlled Heading Automation Device (CHAD) that actively controls the heading of other instruments (i.e. cameras) and has been proven to work in flight. This project is open-source, 3D printable, made from cheap DIY electronics, and has been made available online (http://physi.cz/chad) so the high-altitude ballooning community can create, use, and adapt it to their own projects. We show how to create an attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) that can be used to continuously record payload orientation, which can supplement experiments where pointing information is needed. We then show how to have CHAD use the AHRS to automatically control the heading of other instruments in real-time without any other inputs.
Implementation of Simultaneous Multi-Streaming of Live Solar Eclipse Video via 5.8 GHz AirMax
Authors: Batjargal Tenger , Lee Wookwon , Conklin Nicholas B.
Published: August 2021

For the 2017 solar eclipse ballooning, we have developed a video payload that can simultaneously live-stream multiple videos via a single 5.8 GHz wireless link through a Ubiquiti Rocket M5 modem. In this paper, we describe our approach to multiplex multiple video streams into a single data stream that a 5.8 GHz wireless modem can transport to the ground station. Various key factors are described to properly configure the Raspberry Pis and optimize the transmission from an M5 modem on the video payload over the 5.8 GHz link while ensuring adequate range and acceptable video quality received at the ground station. A screenshot of the multi-video streaming is provided as an example to justify a successful operation of our video payload.
Thermal Wake Studies During the August 21st 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
Authors: Smith Kaye , Agrimson Erick Paul , Craig Brittany , Xiong Alynie , Maki Grace , Sinyigaya Peace , Onyango-Robshaw Vina , Taylor Ana , Lang Rachel , DuBose Rachel , McIntosh Gordon , Flaten James
Published: August 2021

A thermal wake occurs when a high altitude balloon (HAB) influences and changes the surrounding ambient atmospheric temperature of the air through which it passes. This effect warms the air below the balloon to greater than the ambient temperatures during daytime flights, and cooler than ambient temperatures during nighttime flights. The total solar eclipse of August 21st, 2017, provided us with an opportunity to study these balloon induced temperature transitions from daytime, to eclipsed induced night conditions over the scale of a single flight. To measure these transitions, St. Catherine University and the University of Minnesota, Morris, flew over 40 temperature sensors suspended beneath weather balloons ascending within the path of totality. Stratospheric temperature data collected during the eclipse show evidence of both daytime and nighttime wake temperature profiles.
Techniques for Payload Stabilization for Improved Photography During Stratospheric Balloon Flights
Authors: Flaten James , Gosch Christopher , Habeck Joseph
Published: August 2021

Payload-box rotation and swing are perennial challenges to achieving high-quality photography (typically videography) during weather-balloon flights to “near-space” (AKA the stratosphere). Continuous camera motion can lead to blurred still photos, nearly-impossible-to-watch video footage, and precludes time-exposure photography required for most astronomical imaging even though altitudes are reached where the daytime sky appears black. Apparently-random payload rotation, persisting even at altitude, can often exceed servo rotation rates and frustrate attempts to do active camera pointing. Here we discuss mostly-passive payload stabilization strategies we, and our collaborators, have used to mitigate and dampen both swing and rotation of suspended payloads on high-altitude balloon missions, primarily on ascent. In particular, we stress the importance of avoiding single “main” lines and of firmly coupling the payload stack to, as opposed to intentionally trying to decouple (rotationally) from, the neck of the balloon. We discuss consequences these strategies have on stack weight and also on the location of the parachute, sometimes displacing it from its normal location hanging between the neck of the balloon and the payload stack. We expect these payload stabilization techniques will be of particular interest to balloonists planning to photograph the total solar eclipse of August 2017.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of Balloon System Tethered to a Stratosail
Authors: Loganathan Jayakanth , Lim Kian-Meng , Lee Heow Pueh , Khoo Boo Cheong
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we present a numerical study of a stratospheric balloon system tethered to a passive device, known as the Stratosail, for station-keeping operation. For scientific applications, stratospheric balloons that operate at altitudes between 15 and 20 km will need to maintain station over a fixed point above the earth for a prescribed period of time. This is a challenging problem due to the limitation of payloads and lack of an energy source. The present study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze the drift velocity of such a balloon-Stratosail system under typical wind conditions in the stratosphere. The Stratosail is attached below the super-pressure helium balloon via a long and thin tether about 10 to 15 km below the balloon, providing a drag force to alter the flight path of the balloon. Its operation depends on the natural differences in the wind speed and wind direction at different altitudes in the atmosphere that act on the balloon and the Stratosail (spaced far apart by 10km to 15 km). In this study, we calculated the drag forces on the balloon and Stratosail for typical wind speeds at various altitudes in the stratosphere. The tether was also modelled as a cable joining the balloon and sail. With this model, the drift velocity of the system was calculated for various altitudes and the angle of attack of the sail.
Life-Threatening Abdominal Bleed after DGHAL – A Case Report
Authors: Nagaraja Raghavendra , Nagaraja Raghavendra
Published: August 2021

Doppler guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation with recto-anal repair (DGHAL RAR) has been reported to
be an effective, reliable and safe procedure for symptomatic haemorrhoidal disease with less postoperative
pain and hence, good patient acceptance [1]. The reported complications are minor and include recurrence
of anal bleed, prolapse, anal fissure, tenesmus to name few [2]. We report a case of life threatening intra-abdominal bleed following DGHAL RAR.
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluations of mixed ligand complexes of sulphamethaxole and metronidaxole with some transistion metals (Zn, Co, Cu and Fe) in water methanol medium
Authors: Olagboye Suleiman A. , Bamisaye Blessing John , Adesugba Jerome Femi
Published: August 2021

Sulfamethoxazole and metronidazole are antibiotics use for the treatment of various bacterial infections. Their use as ligand is very prominent in formation of metal complexes. The transition metal complexes are synthesized by reaction of Sulfamethoxazole and metronidazole with metals such Mn(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Ni(II). The synthesized metal complexes are tested as antibacterial and antifungal. The antimicrobial activity of the complexes displays good potency against some microorganism such as Xanthomonas axonopodis, Streptococcus faecalia, Salmonella entrica, Claribacter michiganense, Xanthomonas phaseolin for bacteria and S.roofisii, M.phonoides, C.lindimuthianum for the fungi, it is revealed that all copper complexes show stronger antibacterial activity than the free drugs. The spectroscopic properties of the complexes were investigated using UV/visible and FT-IR which show metal-charge from 3d to 3s transition in which the transition state shows that they are octahedral geometry and their coordination site respectively. Their percentage yield was moderately high and producible. The complexes synthesized have higher inhibitory activities than the free ligand. The drug resistance in microbes is resulting in the incompetence of available drugs to care for the infections. The thermal analysis shows that the complexes are stable.
Time-series forecasting models
Authors: Santos Douglas Matheus das Neves , Rocha Yuri Antônio da Silva , Freitas Danúbia , Beltrão Paulo , Santos Junior Paulo , Marques Glauber , Chase Otavio , Campos Pedro
Published: August 2021

Statistical and mathematical models of forecasting are of paramount importance for the understanding and study of databases, especially when applied to data of climatological variables, which enables the atmospheric study of a city or region, enabling greater management of the anthropic activities and actions that suffer the direct or indirect influence of meteorological parameters, such as precipitation and temperature. Therefore, this article aimed to analyze the behavior of monthly time series of Average Minimum Temperature, Average Maximum Temperature, Average Compensated Temperature, and Total Precipitation in Belém (Pará, Brazil) on data provided by INMET, for the production and application forecasting models. A 30-year time series was considered for the four variables, from January 1990 to December 2020. The Box and Jenkins methodology was used to determine the statistical models, and during their applications, models of the SARIMA and Holt-Winters class were estimated. For the selection of the models, analyzes of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), Autocorrelation Correlogram (ACF), and Partial Autocorrelation (PACF) and tests such as Ljung-Box and Shapiro-Wilk were performed, in addition to Mean Square Error (NDE) and Absolute Percent Error Mean (MPAE) to find the best accuracy in the predictions. It was possible to find three SARIMA models: (0,1,2) (1,1,0) [12], (1,1,1) (0,0,1) [12], (0,1,2) (1,1,0) [12]; and a Holt-Winters model with additive seasonality. Thus, we found forecasts close to the real data for the four-time series worked from the SARIMA and Holt-Winters models, which indicates the feasibility of its applicability in the study of weather forecasting in the city of Belém. However, it is necessary to apply other possible statistical models, which may present more accurate forecasts.
Exploring the Education History of Saudi Woman
Authors: Alturkostany Mutabar , Iinuma Mizuho
Published: August 2021

Female education in Saudi Arabia, along with the accompanied historical events, represents an interesting story of success. This education started with modest capabilities and tools, and used old traditional styles. Later, it evolved into modern education that utilizes latest technologies, and employs updated teaching strategies. This paper discusses and identifies the significant milestones in the development history of Saudi female education by investigating deeper in its history.
Didactic Sequence for Teaching Exponential Function
Authors: OLIVEIRA, M. A. P. Marconni Augusto Pock de Oliveira , CHAQUIAM, M. Miguel Chaquiam , CABRAL, N. F. Natanael Freitas Cabral , DIAS, G. N. Gustavo Nogueira Dias , REIS, C. P. Cássio Pinho dos Reis , BARBOSA, E. S. Eldilene da Silva Barbosa , ARAÚJO, J. C. O. Jamile Carla Oliveira Araújo , BEIRÃO, A. T. M. ANTONIO THIAGO MADEIRA BEIRÃO , SILVA, K. P. Katiane Pereira da Silva , ROCHA, H. O. Herson Oliveira da Rocha , REIS, N. D. M. Nazaré Doriene de Melo Reis , BARRETO, W. D. L. Wagner Davy Lucas Barreto
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a methodological proposal for the teaching of exponential function, resulting from the application of a didactic sequence involving exponential function, where evidence of learning and the consolidation and application of mathematical concepts in problem solving were identified and analyzed. The Didactic Engineering of Michèle Artigue (1988) was used as a research methodology. As theoretical contributions that guided and enabled the development of the research, we chose the use of Mathematical Investigation in the classroom; Didactic Sequence in the conception of Zabala (1999); the Articulated Units of Conceptual Reconstruction proposed by Cabral (2017) and assumptions of Vygotsky's theory. A didactic sequence composed of five UARC's was elaborated to work the exponential function, with a view to minimizing the difficulties naturally imposed by the content to be explained. Microgenetic analysis of verbal interactions between teacher and students was used to analyze the results of the application. The results show that the students participating in the experiment showed evidence of learning, recorded during the process, and began to have a good understanding of the concepts and properties related to the topic, in addition to a good performance in carrying out the activities, facts that corroborate the potential of the didactic sequence proposed herein.
Teaching Knowledge and Practice in the Context of Remote Classes to High-Ability/Gifted Students
Authors: Pereira Débora Thalita Santos , Chahini Thelma Helena Costa
Published: August 2021

Emergency remote teaching was regulated by the National Council of Education through Decision nº5/2020, approved on April 28th 2020, in Brazil, as an alternative to cover for the absence of face-to-face teaching. The Ordinance states that remote teaching activities must be applied to students of all education levels, steps, and modalities. As such, the main objective of this study was to investigate, through a bibliographic research, what are the skills that teachers of high ability/gifted students should have in the context of remote classes. We undertook a qualitative bibliographic research by surveying material readily available for consulting on the internet, such as educational books, periodic publications, and laws pertaining to high ability/gifted students and their learning process. After sorting through this material, we conducted an analysis to discuss data and later compiled suggestions of potential methodologies that could be applied to online classrooms. Our findings emphasize that both teaching knowledge and practice must offer high ability/gifted students optimized challenges, which integrate provocative novelties and motivate the development of their abilities and the dynamicity in activities. Furthermore, they also foster the students’ autonomy, making individual interests deeper, as well as their creative, critical and research abilities. Therefore, active learning methodologies are an asset to the teaching-learning process of students with specific educational needs.
QUALITY OF LAYING EGGS USING PREBIOTIC ADDITIVES CREATED IN CAGE
Authors: Fagundes Daiane Dantas , Bueno Leda Gobbo de Freitas , Teixeira Gislaine Trecenti , Valley Marcos Martinez do , Neto Mario Mollo
Published: August 2021

This study aims to evaluate the quality of eggs in laying hens reared at different densities in cage-free system, receiving diets with the addition of prebiotic additives. An observational study was carried out with 45 laying hens of the Novogen Brown scaling, which was in the phase of peak production (28 – 37 weeks), in prototypes of reduced scale without air conditioning and divided into group 1 (G1): density of two poultry /m² (11 poultry ) and diet with addition of a prebiotic pool; group 2 (G2): density of three poultry /m² (17 poultry ) and commercial diet without the addition of prebiotics and antibiotics; group 3 (G3): density of three poultry /m² (17 poultry ) and also diet with the addition of a prebiotic pool. In this study, the statistical evaluation was performed, the effects of densities 2 poultry /m² (G1) or 3 poultry /m² (G3) and the effects of diet with prebiotics (G3) and without prebiotics (G2) in laying poultry  were performed. The data were submitted to variance analysis by the GLM procedure of the SAS Program V9 (2002), using the Student's T Test at a level of 5% significance. The results referring to eggeso (g), albumen height (mm), yolk color,  haugh unit (UH), peel  resistance (Kgf) between G1 and G3 showed no statistically difference, since in relation to the thickness of the shell (mm) differed (P>0.05). In the analysis between G2 and G3, the statistical difference (P>0.05) obtained among all the panels analyzed. In the face of the above, it can be reported that the results of quality variables undergo the action of prebiotics in laying hens created in the Cage-free system.