bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of algorithms for monitoring vehicle performance
Authors: Gritsuk I.V. , Golovan A.I. , Polishchuk O.V. , Litvinov M.Ye. , Holovashchenko O.V.
Published: September 2024

Efficient operation of vehicles and systems is crucial for smooth transportation of passengers and cargo. However, the increasing complexity and size of transportation networks create problems related to vehicle operation. Challenges faced by advanced algorithms for monitoring vehicle performance include analyzing large amounts of data, unstable real-time indicators, and the need for accurate and automated methods to predict the technical condition of vehicles. This article reviews modern approaches to monitoring, identifying factors that affect the technical condition of vehicles, and implementing advanced analysis and forecasting methods in modern information and analytical systems. Thus, this article aims to examine the characteristics of algorithms used to monitor vehicle performance indicators and identify ways to improve their efficiency and accuracy. This can be achieved by utilizing the latest methods of data analysis and forecasting. This article investigates algorithms for monitoring vehicle operation indicators and aims to develop algorithms for an information system to monitor vehicle performance. The article discusses different methods for monitoring technical conditions of vehicles, such as time series analysis, forecasting, and fault detection. It describes the process of creating models and using them to predict the condition of vehicles. The article concludes by evaluating the effectiveness of current monitoring methods and suggesting areas for further research. The study's results have practical applications and can improve vehicle monitoring systems, increasing their safety and efficiency. The authors are confident that the results of the study will help improve monitoring systems and increase the overall level of safety and efficiency of vehicles and transport systems
Development of methods of influence on the psycho-emotional state of traffic participants as a transport supersystem
Authors: Falendysh A.P. , Pomazkov M.V. , Ganzheev D.I.
Published: September 2024

For the optimal organization of vehicular movement within the urban street-road infrastructure, meticulous consideration of the magnitude and characteristics of traffic flows, the judicious operational oversight thereof, and the mitigation of perilous circumstances at critical nodal points within the network, a comprehensive acknowledgment of a myriad of diverse factors is imperative. It is noteworthy that some of these factors exhibit an inherent unpredictability. Among these factors, the psycho-emotional states inherent to each participant in the vehicular and pedestrian milieu hold particular significance. These states intricately govern the behavioral paradigms of drivers and pedestrians alike, thereby exerting influence over their reaction times and proclivity towards committing errors. Furthermore, these psycho-emotional states contribute, in a broader context, to the cultivation of a socio-communicative ambiance within which cooperation ensues, and a multitude of individuals engage in reciprocal interactions. This phenomenon, in turn, establishes a foundation for the emergence of unforeseen internal influences. Ergo, the amalgamation of psycho-emotional states, their interconnections, external determinants and their respective magnitudes of influence, the mechanisms of control and surveillance, as well as the methodologies and algorithms facilitating intervention in the aforementioned processes should be conceptualized as components of a sophisticated multi-level system. This system, in its entirety, lends itself amenable to scrutiny through the prism of systematic analysis, modeling techniques, and the application of probabilistic methodologies. The proposed research provides a theoretical basis for taking into account the stochastic effects of the psycho-physiological state of drivers, pedestrians and other road users on safety parameters and other target functions of the sustainable development of city road networks. The issues are important for the strategic and operational control of the functioning of transport systems, the improvement of the means of researching transport operations, modeling processes, the intellectualization of transport and traffic management
Study of the possibility of improving the quality of pellets through a better method of bottom and side bed preparation
Authors: Chuprynov Ye.V. , Kassim D.O. , Rekov Yu.V.
Published: September 2024

The methods of managing the quality of pellets due to the management of the bottom and side beds are analyzed. A literature review of existing technologies in this area was carried out and it was shown that this issue is not fully resolved in science. Approximate technologies are studied, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. In particular, it is shown that the use of existing technology will require additional burning of pellets in another unit, which is technologically impossible and economically impractical. It is shown that this method can be effective for improving the properties of iron ore products, but is not used in industry due to insufficient justification. A new technology of thermal strengthening of pellets is proposed, which allows to significantly improve their strength during recovery in a blast furnace. Conducted studies on thermal strengthening of pellets in a firing bowl with a diameter of 300 mm and a layer height of 400 mm. The results of the research showed that the specific productivity of the firing unit during heat hardening of raw pellets according to the proposed technology is practically similar to the technological regimes adopted in the operating workshops for the production of pellets. The compressive strength of fired pellets according to the proposed technology and accepted in workshops also practically does not differ. However, the impact strength and abrasion resistance during recovery from a suitable fraction of fired pellets obtained by the proposed technology is significantly better than by the accepted one. It has been proven that the developed technology allows to significantly improve the strength characteristics of fired pellets during the recovery process in the blast furnace, which leads to an improvement in the technical and economic performance of the blast furnace. Implementation of the developed technology in industrial conditions in pellet production shops without reconstruction is quite simple and does not require significant capital investments
Components of the development of methods for calibrating rollers for rolling channels based on changed non-uniformsty of deformation
Authors: Hryhorenko V.U. , Zabolotnii O.M.
Published: September 2024

Introduction. In metallurgy, the final stage of production is metal processing in rolling shops. The main component of the development of technologies for rolling graded profiles is the calibration of rolls. 90% of the steel that is smelted is processed by rolling. Rolling mill calibration methods are constantly being improved. Calibration methods are used in which there is a significant uneven deformation of the profile elements, which leads to rapid wear of the rolls and an increase in costs. Formulation of the problem. It is necessary to develop a method of calibrating rolls in the production of channels based on the reduction of deformation unevenness. Goal. The purpose of the article is to analyze the methods of calibrating rolls for the production of channels with an indication of their advantages and disadvantages and to justify the application of the components of the developed method of calibrating rolls based on the reduction of unevenness of deformation. The results. The analysis of various methods of calibrating channel rolls showed that the smallest unevenness of deformation is present in the method of rolling by the bending method. The greatest uniformity of deformation along the width of the profile is achieved, the wear of the rolls is reduced in connection with ensuring a minimum difference in the diameters of the rolls in the gauge, and energy costs are reduced. To reduce the uneven deformation of the metal, it is suggested to use a rectangular blank or strip. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the methods of calibrating rolls for channel rolling were analyzed in detail. To reduce uneven deformation of shelves and flanges in the center of deformation in the gauge, it is proposed to use the bending calibration method. It is proposed to use strips as a blank for the first time. Practical meaning. The application of channel rolling technology based on the developed method of calibrating rolls with reduced unevenness of deformation in the first passes allows to reduce the cost of products and give an economic effect
Application of two-step input to reduce overshoot of the transient response at automated control systems
Authors: Isaiev A.B. , Miroshnychenko V.I. , Koyfman O.O. , Simkin O.I.
Published: September 2024

The problems of quality improving for technology control are very important and are considered in works on the theory of automatic control and related fields. Various approaches to solving the problems are known especially by the decreasing overshoot of step response. To provide this the most of existing methods require: to adjust a controller parameters; development of a mathematical model of a controlled object; additional filters applications, that as a whole is difficult to implement under industrial conditions. The authors have proposed another approach to solving the above problems, contrary to the known ones. Namely, to apply two successive inputs with lower amplitudes and delay in time instead of the known one step input. The response of the controlled system on the complex two step inputs was considered and the optimal time delay was defined. The investigations were conducted by the modelling a typical classic linear automation control system that consists of a static control object of the first order with time delay, proposal - integration - difference controllers. The modelling results for a transient under the various applied one and two step inputs, including their ramp variation were obtained. It was shown that the two-step inputs with their ramp application gives the decreasing of the maximum displacement for a transient in a typical control system: more than 3 times increase was shown comparing with the one-step approach. The optimal time interval between the steps was determined that leads to the maximum effectiveness of the technology application. The procedure to define the details of the approach application was developed
Analysis of target uncertainty assessment methods
Authors: Didenko N.
Published: September 2024

For almost 25 years, mankind has been dealing with the problems of estimating measurement uncertainty. When applying uncertainty, the goal is not to determine the true value during the measurement as far as possible. That is, it is recognized that the information obtained during the measurement allows only to assign a reasonable interval of values ​​for the measured value, based on the assumption that no errors were made during the measurement. However, even the most accurate measurements cannot reduce this interval to a single value due to the finite number of details in the description of the measured value. An interval can be represented by a single value of its own, called the «measured value of the quantity». Over the years, many scientific works have been devoted to methods of estimating the uncertainty of measurements. At the same time, the main conclusion is that the value of uncertainty depends on the applied method of its assessment. In practice, the use of uncertainty has not been widely used. Accredited calibration and testing laboratories must be able to estimate measurement uncertainty. Therefore, they learn uncertainty assessment methods, develop examples. It is written in the management system that the evaluation of the uncertainty of the measurement result is provided at the request of the customer. But neither the customer nor the executor understands the purpose of its application. Therefore, now is the time for scientists, together with practitioners, to deal with the issue of establishing target uncertainty for solving specific measurement tasks, such as establishing compliance of products with specified requirements, establishing the suitability of measuring equipment after calibration, etc. Thus, for practical application, it is important to be able to determine the value of the target uncertainty - the value of uncertainty for the measured value of the quantity at which the measured value can be considered reliable for a specific practical application
Competition and perspectives of protein-carbon and specific inorganic ecosystems on Earth
Authors: Voloshyn V.S. , Azarkhov A.Yu.
Published: September 2024

The article presents in a parametric comparison the state and development of two ecosystems, one of which is based on carbonaceous life forms, and the second – on metalloid and metallic elements available on the planet and at the disposal of man. It is possible to come to a hypothetical assumption about possible competition between these systems within the selected parameters. Well-known studies unbiasedly confirm the possibilities for such competition. Our research is based on the ergatic «human-machine» system as one that contains two main elements of the ecosystems under study. The proposed parametric model, reflecting the main mutual competitive functions of man and «machine» – reduced power, conditional indicators of intelligence in the chronological aspect, made it possible to assess both their real and potential capabilities and draw conclusions about the prospects of these two conditional ecosystems. One of the conclusions of such studies was a non-trivial thesis about the possible intermediate state of man in the long-term evolutionary development of the mind on the planet. and that he is beginning to lose competition with the specific forms of the inorganic world he has created. The arguments are comparative data: life expectancy, the ability to irrational self-elimination, methods of reproduction, the ability to develop the mind and memory, the causes of environmental degradation and its impact on humans, changes in the motivation of human life, the programmed rejection of the natural protein-carbon environment in favor of an unnatural specialized inorganic world. Logic dictates that perhaps man is not the most ideal evolutionary creation in nature, because it is already becoming clear that in addition to carbon, but with the help of man, other forms of intelligence and consciousness are possible even on Earth itself. It is shown that specific forms of inorganic matter, with a vector of development towards artificial intelligence, are protected from the main disadvantage of humans – a short life cycle and the ability to self-destruct. The modern evolutionary vector is not its last stage, it is aimed at the development of specific forms of the inorganic world, which at a certain time will be capable of activity in parallel with man, but no less effective
Intelligent system for monitoring the operational properties of ship power equipment
Authors: Yanenko A.
Published: September 2024

The peculiarity of monitoring the technical condition of ship vehicles is that during the service life the main energetic installation is not changed, but its continuous maintenance and periodic repairs are carried out. In the organization of such activities, the leading role belongs to technical diagnostics, which allows you to determine the technical condition of the material, as well as predict possible changes for a certain period. Intelligent system of monitoring of operational properties of ship power equipment with Markov circuits, probabilistic dynamics elements, calculations on probabilistic models, multi-criteria optimization of diagnostic parameters, simulation and scenario generation is proposed. In detail, the content of the main structural units of the system for monitoring the operational properties of ship power equipment is considered. The input information was a generalization of experience in the operation of vehicles. The stages of construction of Markov circuits are described in relation to diagnostics of turbochargers, the feature of which is a replacement of discrete time by a continuous sequence of states. Considered by a separate unit of calculation on probabilistic models on the basis of spectra of vibration signals by combining their main discrete features and establishing new diagnostic parameters. The visualization of relationships consists in the construction of digraphs of interactions of the main structural elements of the SES taking into account probabilistic models. Multi-criteria optimization in the presented system is considered from the standpoint of statistical criteria and their convolution. Simulation and generation of basic scenarios is described, from the point of view, the conversion of analog data about workflows to digital form. Provided information support and tools of the system for monitoring the operational properties of ship power equipment
Pengembangan Modul IPA Terpadu Berbasis Problem-Based Learning Terintegrasi Isu Kemaritiman
Authors: Sarkity Dios , Fernando Adam
Published: September 2024

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara maritim terbesar di dunia yang terbilang lambat dalam mengintegrasikan pengetahuan kemaritiman di dalam pembelajaran. Integrasi pengetahuan kemaritiman ke dalam pembelajaran penting dilakukan untuk menanamkan pengetahuan kelautan kepada peserta didik dan menjadikan peserta didik lebih peka terhadap isu-isu kemaritiman. Integrasi pengetahuan kemaritiman salah satunya dapat dilakukan melalui Mata Pelajaran IPA yang bidang kajiannya erat dengan lingkungan. Dengan memiliki pengetahuan tentang kelautan, peserta didik diharapkan dapat memberikan solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan-permasalahan kemaritiman.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan Modul IPA berbasis Problem based learning terintegrasi isu-isu kemaritiman yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Penelitian pengembangkan ini dilakukan dengan tahapan model pengembangan ADDIE. Pada artikel ini, penyajian hasil penelitian dibatasi sampai pada tahapan development. Modul yang telah dikembangkan diuji validitasnya dengan melibatkan beberapa validator. Data hasil uji validitas dianalisis dengan menggunakan Skala Likert. Hasil uji validitas modul menunjukkan bahwa modul berada pada kategori sangat valid untuk aspek materi dan aspek kegrafisan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa modul layak diimplementasikan untuk diuji kepraktisan dan keefektifannya.
Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka pada Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan SMA: Tinjauan Perencanaan IKM
Authors: Fitri Rahmadhani , Rurisman  , Gistituati Nurhizrah , Bentri Alwen
Published: September 2024

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, education in Indonesia needs to make adjustments so that the implementation of education can continue. One of the policies carried out by the government under the auspices of the Ministry of Education and Culture was to implement the Emergency Curriculum (simplified Curriculum-2013). Over time, the government prepared a new curriculum prototype which has now been formalized as the Independent Curriculum. The implementation of the Independent Curriculum (IKM) begins in stages in schools called Ã¢â‚¬Å“Sekolah PenggerakÃ¢â‚¬Â. This research was conducted to find out how the planning and design stages of IKM were carried out by a Sekolah Penggerak in one of the schools in West Sumatra. Data obtained from observations and interviews conducted with informants who know and are involved in IKM. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it was found that the initial step taken by the school as a driving school was to form a Curriculum Development Team (TPK) which would later coordinate with the provincial TPK. Some of the activities that have been carried out by TPK schools were observed. The preparations that have been made to become a driving school are (1) conducting training for teachers, (2) forming a learning committee, (3) compiling the Curriculum of Education Unit Operational (KOSP), (4) preparing curriculum tools such as KSOP, Outcomes Learning (CP), Learning Objective Flow (ATP), teaching modules, and strategies for implementing project-based learning or projects to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students. Apart from that, the things that schools have prepared in facing an independent curriculum are (1) studying and understanding the regulations regarding an independent curriculum, (2) coordinating with all teacher boards, and 3) adopting a level of complexity curriculum.
Analisis Kesesuaian Komponen Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Menurut Surat Edaran Kemendikbud No. 14 Tahun 2019 Berdasarkan Standar Proses Di SMA/MA
Authors: Zakiyatur Rosyidah  , Anggun Diah Putri , Samiha Yulia Tri
Published: September 2024

Perkembangan pendidikan di Indonesia menuntut penilaian yang mendalam terhadap implementasi rencana pembelajaran di tingkat SMA/MA. Dalam konteks ini, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis terhadap kesesuaian komponen rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran sesuai dengan pedoman yang diberikan oleh Surat Edaran Kemendikbud No. 14 Tahun 2019, serta mempertimbangkan standar proses yang berlaku di SMA Negeri 1 Madang Suku III dan MA Darussalam Batumarta VI Kecamatan Madang Suku III. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan jumlah populasi 50 guru SMA/MA di Kecamatan Madang Suku III. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling yaitu dua orang guru biologi yang mengajar pada kelas X. Hasil penelitian menujukkan komponen RPP yang dibuat telah masuk dalam kriteria sesuai. Pada RPP guru biologi SMA Negeri 1 Madang Suku III, komponen yang berada dalam kriteria sesuai adalah tujuan pembelajaran dan penilaian pembelajaraan serta beberapa komponen pelengkap lainnya. Namun pada komponen langkah-langkah pembelajaran termasuk dalam kriteria kurang sesuai sedangkan pada RPP guru biologi MA Darussalam Batumarta VI, komponen tujuan pembelajaran, langkah-langkah pembelajaran, dan penilaian pembelajaraan serta komponen pelengkap lainnya termasuk dalam kriteria yang sesuai. Disarankan untuk guru agar terus mempelajari buku pedoman dan aturan standar pembuatan RPP, melakukan refleksi pada tujuan pembelajaran, menggunakan metode pembelajaran yang sesuai dan variatif, serta terus melakukan evaluasi pada pembelajaran.
Analysis of Students' Learning Styles in Biology Subjects at Madrasah Aliyah Raudlatus Syabab Sukowono Jember
Authors: Nasution Nanda Eska Anugrah , Putri Mita Utari , Rizka Chairany
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to delineate the learning style profile of class XI IPA 2 students during biology lessons at Madrasah Aliyah Raudlatus Syabab Sukowono. The research was conducted at Madrasah Aliyah Raudlatus Syabab, located at Jl. KH. Ahmad Syukri No. 02, Sumber Wringin, Kec. Sukowono, Kab. Jember, East Java. This study employs a quantitative descriptive approach. This research techniques involve collecting, recording, presenting, and verifying data. The participants in this study consisted of students from class XI IPA 2 and teachers specializing in Biology. The purposive sampling approach is used for selecting subjects or data sources. The data collection methods employed in this research comprise interviews, questionnaires, observation, and documentation. The research findings indicate that the predominant learning style among students studying biology at Madrasah Aliyah Raudlatus Syabab Sukowono Jember is visual, with 7 individuals (50%) exhibiting this style. This is followed by kinesthetic, with 4 individuals (29%), and auditory, with 3 individuals (21%). Teachers should possess the ability to establish a varied educational setting and integrate learning techniques that encompass the utilization of visuals and graphics, verbal explanations and discussions, as well as experiments and physical activities in order to cater to the diverse learning styles of students.
Identifikasi Hasil Belajar Melalui Penggunaan Bahan Ajar di MAN Tanjungpinang
Authors: An-Nafi'ah 'Aisyah Demokratia , Afriani Dini , Cesaria Kinanti Nadia , Putri Loren Paulina Reski , Onyvia Tyesa , Sarkity Dios
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar peserta didik di MAN Tanjungpinang melalui penggunaan bahan ajar yang diterapkan. Hal ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya keterkaitan mengenai kualitas bahan ajar yang digunakan dengan hasil belajar yang didapatkan oleh peserta didik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara dokumentasi. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap seorang guru Biologi MAN Tanjungpinang dan Dokumentasi yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini merupakan dokumen hasil belajar. Fokus dalam penelitian ini meliputi antara lain (1) pengetahuan guru mengenai bahan ajar, (2) bahan ajar yang digunakan dalam mata pelajaran biologi, (3) kendala penggunaan bahan ajar, dan (4) hasil belajar peserta didik. Dari hasil wawancara diperoleh informasi bahwa bahan cetak yang digunakan berupa LKS dan buku teks. Adapun sebagai sumber belajar pendukung, guru juga memperbolehkan siswa berselancar di internet untuk mencari wawasan tambahan terkait materi yang sedang dipelajari karena bahan ajar yang digunakan pada pembelajaran kurang efektif. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil belajar siswa dari nilai Ujian Tengah Semester menunjukkan hasil yang kurang memuaskan, terlihat dari nilai yang diperoleh dari ujian tengah semester peserta didik yang masih di bawah Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal.
Assessing Environmental Awareness and Attitudes in Higher Education: A Comparison between Environmental and Non-Environmental Discipline
Authors: Lidiastuti Arinda Eka , Purnawati Wilda
Published: September 2024

The research was on the environmental awareness and attitude of biology college students. The samples were 50 using purposive technique sampling. The research approach was quantitative descriptive. The study was recommended to describe environmental awareness and attitude. The study was also done to determine the level of awareness and environmental behavior of Biology college students.. Researchers employed the Environmental Awareness Test and the Environmental Attitude Scale, both created by Dr. Haseen Taj and Dr. K Yeshodara, to gauge participants' levels of environmental awareness. According to the findings of the Unpaired T-Test analysis, there is a difference in the attitudes and levels of environmental awareness between environmental students and non-environmental students. The p values for environmental awareness and environmental awareness are 0.049 and 0.024, respectively, less than 0.05.. Furthermore, this study paves the way for future research endeavors to investigate the underlying factors influencing environmental awareness and attitudes.
Posicionamiento de la disciplina artística dancística en el mercado de contenidos digitales
Authors: Aguilera Martín Ana , Martín Martín Penélope
Published: September 2024

Introducción: El objetivo de nuestro estudio se basa en descubrir y analizar la incorporación de las nuevas tecnologías a los procesos de producción, gestión y distribución, cómo consume el espectador cultural actual y cómo se comporta, la necesidad de empoderar al público y articular prácticas de cocreación, así como el posicionamiento de la disciplina artística dancística en el mercado de contenidos digitales. Metodología: La metodología empleada es cualitativa, de naturaleza exploratoria y responde a la búsqueda de la comprensión profunda de este fenómeno dentro de su entorno, así como de las motivaciones que llevan a integrar las nuevas tecnologías a la danza. Resultados: Los dispositivos del mundo virtual han permitido que millones de personas accedan a contenidos culturales y artísticos que antes estaban reservados a las salas de teatro, a las galerías y a los museos. Fue en ese momento cuando se modificaron las relaciones entre el artista y el espectador. Discusión: Las TIC propiciaron un nuevo lugar ontológico de esta relación. Conclusiones: La relación se modificó de tal manera que las artes se preguntan sobre el tránsito del espectador a usuario y de la “obra” al acontecimiento.
Ashitaba's instant chemical and sensory qualities (Angelica Keiskei)
Authors: Istiqamah Nur Annisa , Ihromi Syirril
Published: September 2024

Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) is one of the introduced plants originating from Japan,precisely from the island of Hanchijojima which is not widely known in Indonesia. This plantis rich in beta-carotene, vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, biotin, folic acid and vitamin C,and also contains several minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus,zinc and copper. can grow well on Mount Rinjani, East Lombok, West Nusa TenggaraProvince, which is located in Sembalum Village. This plant has potential as a medicinebecause the yellow sap contains chalcones such as xanthoangelols (Xas), 4-hydroxyderricin (4-HD) and isobavachalcone. The active substance contained inchalcone is useful for maintaining glucose homeostasis, increasing red blood cellproduction, increasing concentration power. Based on the description above, thisresearch raises the topic of making Ashitaba leaves into instant drinks in various typesand concentrations of sugar. The types of sugar used are brown sugar and granulatedsugar with concentrations of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%. carried out several tests of thecontent of instant ashitaba powder, namely testing water content, reducing sugarcontent and organoleptic tests for color, aroma, taste and texture. Data analysis wasperformed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, consisting oftypes of sugar (brown sugar and granulated sugar). From the test results, it was foundthat the lowest water content of 2.76% was found in the treatment of granulated sugarwith a concentration of 60% (G1W5), Reducing sugar levels showed that the treatmentof granulated sugar with a concentration of 20% (G1W1) had the highest levels of 8.33%and 3.61 mg. In organoleptic testing (color, taste, aroma and texture) the results showedthat the treatment using granulated sugar with a concentration of 60% (G1W5) had thequality of color, taste, aroma and texture favored by the panelists.
Pertumbuhan dan hasil jamur merang (volvariella volvacea) pada berbagai media tanam limbah pertanian
Authors: Sukmawati Sukmawati , J Aisah , Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: September 2024

Straw mushrooms are a food ingredient that is much sought after by the public because they have a delicious taste and are beneficial for health with a complete nutritional co mposition consisting of carbohydrates (8.7%); protein (26.49%); fat (0.67%); calcium (0.75%); phosphorus (30%); potassium (44.2%) vitamins and minerals. For the growth of straw mushrooms, they need nutrients which can be fulfilled by the planting medium which can come from agricultural waste. This research aims to determine the growth and yield of straw mushrooms on various types of agricultural waste growing media. This research was designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatment levels, namely: P0 = 50 kg rice straw, P1 = 50 kg reeds, P2 = 50 kg corn cobs, P3 = 50 kg sugarcane bagasse. The research was repeated 4 times to obtain 16 treatments. The results of the study showed that the effect of significant differences in treatment was only found in the observation parameter of the number of fruiting bodies of straw mushrooms, while the other parameters did not show significant differences. The results of the observations showed that the planting media treatment with rice straw gave the best results with a fruit body number of 63.5 fruit bodies, a fruit body diameter of 3.05 cm, a fruit body height of 4.42 cm and a fruit body wet weight of 898 gr. The time for pinheads to appear on rice straw planting media is faster than other planting media
Oxygen-containing compounds in polydimethylsilanes and -carbosilanes
Authors: Filippov А. М. , Gorodetskaya A. V. , Prokhortseva V. V. , Zhigalov D. V. , Zhuk D. A. , Storozhenko P. A.
Published: September 2024

An analysis of fractions extracted from polydimethylsilanes, as well as distillates obtained during the synthesis of poly(oligo)carbosilanes was carried out. By the methods of gel permeation chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry, the range of molecular weights in extracts and distillates, the composition and structure of compounds, as well as the sequence of their retention times on the chromatographic column were determined. It was established that the compounds extracted from polydimethylsilanes are low molecular weight cycles containing methylsilane and/or methylsiloxane units. In distillates, compared with extracts, the number of low molecular weight compounds containing individual or mixed methylsilane, carbosilane and siloxane units increases.
The role of metalloproteinases in the development of ischemia-induced pathologies of the blood-brain barrier
Authors: Koliaskin L. Yu. , Shibeko A. M.
Published: September 2024

The blood-brain barrier maintains brain homeostasis by regulating the transport of nutrients and macromolecules from the bloodstream. Its integrity is disrupted by a number of pathological processes, such as ischemic stroke, neurodegenerative diseases or inflammation. This leads to loss of control of transport processes from the bloodstream to the brain, which causes hemorrhage, oedema and tissue death. The blood-brain barrier permeability is largely regulated by matrix metalloproteinases, a family of enzymes responsible for the blood vessels remodeling, angiogenesis and a number of other physiological and pathological processes. This review presents data on the structure of the blood-brain barrier, its pathological changes, caused by metalloproteinases, the mechanisms that regulate metalloproteinases activity, and the difficulties associated with studying these processes.
Lombard speech detection in case of spatial separation between noise source and talkers of different genders
Authors: Andreeva I. G. , Lunichkin А. М. , Ogorodnikova Е. А.
Published: September 2024

The spatial selectivity of hearing to speech signals was studied when the target signal and interference were separated by distance between their sources and the listener. In the work, the hypothesis about the improvement of hearing selectivity due to more intensive activation of the high-frequency binaural mechanism due to the shift of the speaker’s voice spectrum occurs in noisy environment towards high frequencies, was tested. The thresholds for detecting the target signal – a two-syllable word uttered by male or female, were evaluated in the two-alternative two-interval forced choice paradigm in 4 series. Series differed by the type of target signal (ordinary or Lombard speech) and the location of target source and noise (multi-talker noise) one. The both sources were located at a distance of 1 and 4 m opposite the subject at the level of his head. The detection threshold was defined as the ratio of signal and noise levels at the listener’s place (S/N). The threshold for detecting the target signal (male and female speaker voices together) was -11 dB S/N for ordinary as well as Lombard speech. It did not depend on which of the sources - the target signal or noise, was closer to the listener. In normal speech, the detection thresholds on average differed for male and female voices, but the difference was not significant. In Lombard speech, these thresholds were significantly different: for a male voice, the threshold at a detection level of 0.67 was -10 dB S/N, and for a female voice – -12.5 dB S/N.
Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies of the Effect of Melatonin Monotherapy on Body Weight Gain and Eating Behavior in Rats on Different Diets
Authors: Kuzmenko N. V. , Tsyrlin V. A. , Pliss M. G. , Galagudza М. М.
Published: September 2024

In an earlier meta-analysis, we showed that long-term melatonin administration minimizes diet-induced changes in lipid profiles. The purpose of our present work was to use a meta-analysis to investigate the effect of melatonin monotherapy on body weight gain (BWG) and eating behavior in rats depending on diet. To this end, we conducted a meta-analysis of 43 publications examining the effects of melatonin monotherapy on BWG, leptin levels, food and water intake in rats fed a standard diet (37 publications), as well as high-fructose diets (5 publications) and fats (9 publications). Our findings suggest that although melatonin reduced the level of triglycerides, total cholesterol and leptin in rats fed high-fructose and high-fat diets but not those fed a standard diet, melatonin treatment prevented BWG in rats on either diet. Increasing the dose of melatonin did not enhance the effect of therapy with any of the diets studied. We did not obtain convincing evidence that the effect of melatonin depends on the initial body weight and age of rats. On a standard diet, melatonin has been found to reduce food and water intake. Melatonin did not reduce BWG with a standard diet when administered intraperitoneally. Our research suggests that melatonin may be beneficial for diet-induced metabolic disorders by improving lipid profiles and preventing BWG. However, a decrease in appetite and BWG when taking melatonin may also be associated with negative side effects of the drug, which requires further research.
The Role of Mast Cell-Neuron Tandem in the Regulation of Cardiac Function in Cardiovascular Pathologies
Authors: Morozova M. P. , Kurenkova A. D. , Umarova B. A.
Published: September 2024

This review is consisted of new data about participation of mast cells (MCs) in the regulation of cardiac function in the development of some cardiovascular pathologies. In norm the number of MCs in the heart is very small compared to their number in barrier tissues. They are responsible for homeostasis of cardiac tissue and ensuring the interaction of the organ with the nervous and endocrine systems throughout the life of the organism.
Pathological processes in the heart are accompanied by the development of inflammation reaction. MCs fulfil a significant role in the all stages of inflammation. The number of MCs significantly increases against the background of myocardial infarction development, fibrotic heart disease and vascular atherosclerosis. Their contribution to the pathogenesis of the disease is ambiguous, because on the one hand it is aimed at tissue adaptation to damage, and on the other hand - avalanche-like synthesis and release of mediators from activated MCs aggravates the course of the process. As a result, MCs change their secretory profile, interfere in the realization of cardiac functions against the background of inflammation, but at the same time modulate afferent information flow from the heart and efferent influences of the nervous system. The coordinated work of the system loses its stability, which can lead to severe consequences for the vital activity of the whole organism.
The analysis of the current state of the problem indicates that the heart activity depends on the functional state of MCs, their complex interaction with the nervous system both in the norm and, especially, against the background of pathological processes development.
Definition of the Profile of Cognitive Deficit in Cardiac Surgery Patients Using the Optimal Clustering Method
Authors: Razumnikova O. M. , Tarasova I. V. , Mezentsev Yu. A. , Pavlov P. S. , Trubnikova O. A.
Published: September 2024

An original clustering method based on discrete optimization of multidimensional objects according to many heterogeneous parameters: age, severity of carotid artery stenosis (CA), personal and cognitive characteristics was used to identify pre- and postoperative specificity of the profile of cognitive functions. The study involved 163 cardiac surgery patients. Determination of CA stenoses was carried out in the preoperative period using color duplex scanning and further classification of the lesion. Psychometric assessment of personal and situational anxiety, as well as psychomotor and executive functions, attention, short-term memory was performed 3–5 days before and 7–10 days after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). As a result of clustering arrays of 17 normalized indicators and subsequent analysis of three groups formed in this way, different dynamics of restoration of the profile of cognitive functions after coronary bypass surgery were discovered. One of the groups was designated as a group of cognitive reserves according to its best indicators of information selection and memory both in the preoperative and postoperative periods. Another selected group was characterized by a postoperative increase in the speed of information selection, but low memory scores. The third selected group demonstrated close relationships between indicators of attention, memory and the efficiency of a complex visual-motor reaction with age and the degree of stenosis of the CA, regardless of the pre- or postoperative testing period, which may indicate persistent disorganization of cognitive functions in such patients, requiring special attention when choosing neuro- and cardiac rehabilitation programs for them. The developed clustering method makes it possible to group patients according to a variety of heterogeneous parameters to identify the dynamics of their changes during the course of treatment.
Activated Endothelium Changes The Activity Of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells During Physiological Hypoxia Or Short Hypoxic Stress In Vitro
Authors: Zhidkova O. V. , Andreeva E. R. , Buravkova L. B.
Published: September 2024

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are used for supplemental therapy of ischemic and inflammatory diseases. After systemic administration, transmigration of MSCs to the target tissue is accompanied by interaction with activated endothelial cells (ECs) at the site of injury. In this study, we investigated the influence of TNF-α-activated ECs on the functions of MSCs under different levels of hypoxia. For this purpose, MSCs and TNF-α activated ECs were cocultured in a direct cell-to-cell setting for a short period of time. MSCs retained their stromal phenotype and multilineage differentiation potential after interaction with activated ECs. At the same time, changes in molecules involved in MSC-cell and MSC-extracellular matrix interaction were detected. The paracrine activity of MSCs and activated ECs after interaction was demonstrated by both upregulated transcription and increased levels of pleiotropic IL-6 and IL-8. Proteases/antiproteases profiles were also altered after interaction. These data suggest that short-term interaction of MSCs with activated ECs may play an important role in tissue repair and remodeling processes. In particular, it may promote the migratory phenotype of MSCs. In comparison to physiological hypoxia – 5% O2, acute hypoxic stress (0.1% O2, 24 h) attenuated the stimulatory effects of ECs on MSCs.
Relationships of B12 and Homocysteine with Outcomes in the SURE-PD, SURE-PD3, and STEADY-PDIII Trials
Authors: Christine Chadwick W. , Auinger Peggy , Forti Esther A.R. , Tat Lyvin , Cannizzaro Noemi , Mustafa Arshi , Iyer Jay M. , Oakes David , Green Ralph
Published: September 2024

Background:

DATATOP was a study of early Parkinson’s disease (PD) conducted in the 1980 s, before mandatory folic acid fortification in the United States. Our analysis of its baseline serum samples revealed a geometric mean vitamin B12 of 369 pg/mL and homocysteine (tHcy) of 9.5μmol/l. We also found that low B12 predicted greater worsening of ambulatory capacity (AC) and elevated tHcy (>15μmol/L) predicted greater declines in cognitive function.

Objective:

We sought to measure B12 and tHcy in contemporary trial participants with early PD who had not started dopaminergic treatment and to determine whether these analytes were associated with clinical progression.

Methods:

We measured B12 and tHcy from baseline and end-of-study blood samples from three recent clinical trials.

Results:

Baseline geometric mean B12 levels for these studies ranged from 484– 618 pg/ml and for tHcy ranged from 7.4– 10μmol/L. Use of B12-containing supplements ranged from 41– 61%, and those taking supplements had higher B12 and lower tHcy. Those who began levodopa, but were not taking B12-supplements, had greater end-of-study tHcy. There was no association of baseline tHcy > 15μmol/L with annualized change in Montreal Cognitive Assessment and no association of baseline B12 tertiles with change in AC.

Conclusions:

In these longitudinal trials, B12 levels were higher than for DATATOP, due in large part to increased B12-supplement intake, while tHcy levels were similar. Initiation of levodopa was associated with increases of tHcy in those not taking a B12-containing supplement. These smaller studies did not replicate prior findings of low B12 and elevated tHcy with features of progression, possibly due to higher baseline B12.
Enhancing liver tumor segmentation with UNet-ResNet: Leveraging ResNet’s power
Authors: Sheela K. Selva , Justus Vivek , Asaad Renas Rajab , Kumar R. Lakshmana
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Liver cancer poses a significant health challenge due to its high incidence rates and complexities in detection and treatment. Accurate segmentation of liver tumors using medical imaging plays a crucial role in early diagnosis and treatment planning.

OBJECTIVE:

This study proposes a novel approach combining U-Net and ResNet architectures with the Adam optimizer and sigmoid activation function. The method leverages ResNet’s deep residual learning to address training issues in deep neural networks. At the same time, U-Net’s structure facilitates capturing local and global contextual information essential for precise tumor characterization. The model aims to enhance segmentation accuracy by effectively capturing intricate tumor features and contextual details by integrating these architectures. The Adam optimizer expedites model convergence by dynamically adjusting the learning rate based on gradient statistics during training.

METHODS:

To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, segmentation experiments are conducted on a diverse dataset comprising 130 CT scans of liver cancers. Furthermore, a state-of-the-art fusion strategy is introduced, combining the robust feature learning capabilities of the UNet-ResNet classifier with Snake-based Level Set Segmentation.

RESULTS:

Experimental results demonstrate impressive performance metrics, including an accuracy of 0.98 and a minimal loss of 0.10, underscoring the efficacy of the proposed methodology in liver cancer segmentation.

CONCLUSION:

This fusion approach effectively delineates complex and diffuse tumor shapes, significantly reducing errors.