bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Anti Gout Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Alternanthera sessilis and Moringa oleifera
Authors: Jain Khushi , Kavitha S. , Gayathri R. , Vishnupriya V. , Selvaraj J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Ethanolic extracts of Alternanthera sessilis and Moringa oleifera were screened for the presence of different classes of phytochemicals. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of amino acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, sapponents and steroids.Gout is the type of arthritis that causes painful inflammation and develops due to overproduction of urate.

Aim: To analyse the anti gout activities of ethanolic extract of Alternanthera sessilis and moringa oleifera.

Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extract of Alternanthera sessilis and Moringa oleifera were prepared as per the standard methods and used for the assessment of preliminary phytochemical screening, antioxidants and anti gout activities. The data were analyzed statistically by a one-way analysis of (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test was used to see the statistical significance among the group. The results with the p< 0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.

Results: Antioxidant and Anti gout potential of the ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera was found to be significantly more than the ethanolic extract of Alternanthera sessilis.

Conclusion: Both the ethanolic extracts exhibited anti gout activity, further studies are needed to validate the herbal extracts as a drug formulation.
Adult Idiopathic Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis- A Diagnostic Challenge for Surgeons
Authors: Pranay K. , Anantharamakrishnan R. , Kumar K. Senthil , Varadaraju P.
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: AIHPS (adult idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis) is an uncommon but clear cut condition in adults, with only 200-300 case reports are recorded in the articlesso far, now A case report of AIHPS treated in our hospital is discussed, as well as a review of the literature.

Methods and Results: The patient had upper abdominal discomfort that started suddenly and was accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. The pylorus showed a distinct "cervix sign" during an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). He next had a partial distal gastrectomy with a Billroth II gastrojejunostomy, which resulted in significant alleviation in his symptoms.

Conclusion: Adult idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (AIHPS) is an uncommon condition as it were underreported owing to diagnostic difficulties. After food nausea, vomiting, early satiety, and epigastric discomfort are the most prevalent symptoms of AIHPS, as shown in our case.Endoscopy impression reveals a distinct sign characterised by a fixed, constricted pylorus with a smooth border also known as cervix sign which is in diagnostic favour for AIHPS. Endoscopic dilatation, pyloromyotomy with forethought pyloroplasty, and gastrectomy with a BillrothII gastrojejunostomy have all been recommended as therapies for AIHPS. There is currently no proof that one surgical method is better than another. Before one approach can be established as the standard of care, more study on AIHPS is required.
Orthognathic Surgery's Effects on Subjects with Cleft Lips' Speech and Breathing
Authors: Lohiya Divya , Chimurkar Vilas
Published: February 2022

Cleft lip frequently vitrine intense dent facial abnormalities that demand orthognathic surgical operation. Orthognathic surgical operation in those fatalities generally consists of now no longer closest maxillary Cleft development, however in addition sagittal, horizontal, and vertical motion of each jaws. Exact making strategies and implementation bids many complications, due to the occurrence of prodigious blemish tissues as of former operations, tissue deficits, the unruly of positioning a sections of jaw and tender muscles. Other challenging conditions in cleft victims are nuisances associated with post-surgical air route, dialog, velopharyngeal failure, nerve harm, and impurities. This appraisal is embattled on orthognathic surgical procedure in cleft lip patients, administration, practices, accomplishment, and pains. Cleft lip befalls when one or both median adenoidal progressions bomb to wrath through the agreeing maxillary progression. The strictness of lifting diverges as of an unimportant indentation in the higher lip to a dual cleft encompassing the anterior naris in collaboration The nasal septum diverges sideways from the non-cleft in an autonomous cleft lip. The muscles on the median cross of the cleft (transverse muscles of the nose and orbicularis oris) are not introduced into any of the muscles on the contralateral lateral or the skins from place to place the adenoidal septum because of this. Nasolabial (transverse nasalis, levatorlabiisuperioris, and levator labiisuperiorisalaequenasi), bila- bial (orbicularis oris), and labiomental (depressor angulioris) are the three functional groupings of superficial facial muscles that are all eliminated inferiorly. The underdevelopment of the incisor-bearing region of the maxilla is also significant. These abnormalities, by chance, inspire the mucocutaneous muscles, resulting in dislodgment of the anterior naris casing from the upper portion of the lip, disavowal of the labial skin, and anomalies of the easy skins on the opposite side of the mucocutaneous intersection.
Farmers’ Exposure to Pesticides –A Review
Authors: Chawda Dishita , Ninave Sudhir
Published: February 2022

When applying synthetic pesticides to crops, it is essential to use them sparingly to avoid complete crop damage. Many studies have found that the use of pesticides by farmers is associated with higher levels of pesticide exposure than that experienced by the general population. Whenever pesticides are sprayed on crops, the primary targets of the poisons are the farmers who are sprayed. On the other hand, farmers may come into touch with pesticides that are not directly relevant to their field of work. According to the American Chemical Society, handling pesticides or coming into close contact with chemical residues can be particularly hazardous for persons exposed to these chemicals on a regular basis. The possibility of making an inaccurate judgment call while dealing with this type of contact exists. A wide variety of routes, including the lungs and skin, regularly introduce pesticides into the body. Regular pesticide handling exposes the face and hands to a high level of pesticide exposure, which is why it is vital to wear protective equipment when handling pesticides. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, farmers can decrease their exposure to pesticides by wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) during all steps of the pesticide handling process. Using personal protective equipment (PPE) can assist farmers in reducing their pesticide consumption (PPE).

Drift, agricultural labor, and direct spray contact, to mention a few terms, are used to characterize the scenario in this context.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Brief Overview of Diagnosis and Treatment along with Disease Management
Authors: Rastogi Avisha , Keche Harsha
Published: February 2022

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a multisystem illness specifically marked through chronic distension and joint destruction. Time of life, gender, heredity, and ecological familiarity are risk factors (cigarette smoking, air contaminants, and industrial). If left untreated, Felty disorder can lead to permanent joint damage needing arthroplasty, rheumatic vasculitis, rheumatic vasculitis, and rheumatic vasculitis necessitating splenectomy. Because RA is noncurable, the focus of action is on reducing discomfort and preventing additional damage via rest. In this article, I provide a brief overview of various previous and current reporting mechanisms for RA-related issues.

Description: RA is a debilitating, long-term illness that can cause joint deterioration and incapacitating symptoms. Initial analysis, in addition to participation, is crucial in preventing grave damage and the forfeiture of dynamic bodily roles. Autoantibodies including rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) have a longstanding experience of therapeutic specificity, and they can correctly predict RA in patients with UA. Furthermore, a few experimental otherwise radiological features on the reference line might predict RA progression in the future.

Significance: Rheumatoid Arthritis affects the joints and the internal organs, resulting in incapacity in a variety of instances. There is currently no definable treatment for this autoimmune disease. The conventional and current coping choices available for monitoring impacted, suffering from this complex illness is succinctly outlined at this point.
Pterygium Recurrence- Surgical and Adjuvant Therapies
Authors: Pardhi Dishani , Sanghavi Shruti
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Pterygium is a prevalent disease of the eye that challenges ophthalmologists in its management due to its high tendency to reoccur. We performed an analysis to identify among the various surgical and adjuvant treatments the best combination that has the most pterygium recurrence prevention

Methods: A search was run through Pubmed, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, and World Health Organisation for Randomised control trials and other literature comparing surgical and adjuvant treatments for pterygium. This data was then analyzed to ascertain the various advantages and disadvantages of different surgeries and adjuvant therapies over each other.

Results: Following the data analysis, we found out that the order of surgical methods from best to worst is as follows: Conjuctivalautograft>Amniotic membrane autograft>bare sclera. Among the adjuvant therapies studied, we found that the order of effectivity is Mitomycin C followed by anti-VEGF, radiation therapy, and finally 5 Fluorouracil.

Conclusion: Bare scleral excision alone has the highest recurrence rate, followed by Amniotic Autograft and conjunctival autograft. The adjuvants that can reduce pterygium recurrences are Mitomycin C, Anti VEGF, 5-Fluorouracil, and radiation therapy with Mitomycin C, the most frequently used and with lesser late complications. More studies with larger samples and long-term follow-ups directly compare these surgical and adjuvant treatments to develop more uniform guidelines for forming treatment plans.
Assesement of Muscle Activity using Ultrasonography, Electromyography and Computed Tomography in Oral Submucous Fibrosis– A Brief Review
Authors: Kshirsagar Krutarth , Kambala Rajanikanth , Bhola Nitin
Published: February 2022

Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, progressive, and insidious disease that affects the mucosa of the oral cavity and may also affect the pharynx. Muscle dystrophy is a typical complication of OSMF. It shows a steady increase in the rigidity of mucosa in the oral cavity, which may lead to a restriction in mouth opening. Submucous fibrosis has become more common in India as a result of the introduction of 'Areca-nut' or 'Paan-Masala,' which is a source of concern for oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Chewing areca nuts induces ischemic alterations in the masticatory muscles, such as the masseter, as well as fibrosis, hypertrophy, and scarring. Muscle thickness has risen as a result of over activity. Advanced cases of OSMF demonstrate involvement of the masticatory muscles is required to be assessed to ascertain about the progression of the disease. Ultrasonography, Electromyography and Computed Tomography scans are all commonly utilised modalities for assessing the muscular function in OSMF. The current review focuses on these modalities and their application for evaluating the muscle activity in OSMF which will further guide the clinicians in order to fabricate a prompt treatment plan leading to desired outcomes.
Anti-Microbial Resistance: A Major Global Issue
Authors: Kewalramani Ayushi , Chandi Dhruba Hari
Published: February 2022

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) happens when infinitesimal life forms, diseases, developments, and parasites change as time goes on and now do not respond to drugs making them harder to treat and extending the risk of affliction spread, outrageous infirmity, and demise. Because of medical checks, counter-agent poisons and other antimicrobial medications become ineffective and defilements become logically problematic or hard to treat. AMR happens ordinarily after some time, regularly through innate changes. Antimicrobial safe natural elements are found in people, animals, food, plants, and the environment (in water, soil, and air). They can spread starting with one individual then onto the next or among people and animals, including from the food of animal start. The essential drivers of antimicrobial block fuse the maltreatment and maltreatment of antimicrobials; nonattendance of induction to clean water, sanitization and tidiness (WASH) for the two individuals and animals; powerless defilement and affliction expectation and control in clinical benefits workplaces and farms; defenseless permission to quality, sensible medications, vaccinations and diagnostics; nonappearance of care and data; and nonattendance of approval of sanctioning. Excessive enemy of disease use has become one of the top allies of the headway of hostile to contamination resistance. Against microbial stewardship programs appear to be useful in reducing speeds of serum poison obstacles.

The Netherlands has a minimum speed of against contamination suggested in the Organisation for Economic co-operation and Development (OECD), at a speed of 11.4 portrayed step by step measurements Defined Daily Dose (DDD) per 1,000 people every day in 2011.

Germany and Sweden also have lower supporting rates, with Sweden's rate had been declining beginning around 2007. Greece, France, and Belgium have high suggesting speeds of more than 28 DDD.
Increasing False Negative RT-PCR Test in COVID-19 Patients Admitted at Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yadav Bhargavi , Revankar Alka
Published: February 2022

Background: COVID-19 Pandemic has caused a lot of havoc for the human race, as the urgent need to detect the virus early and fight back stronger, scientists came up with the test RT-PCR, which later on was declared as the gold standard. But lately, an exponential increase in false-negative rates was observed, which calls for an accuracy check of the test and the statistical analysis of the reasons leading false-positive results. With the advent of the COVID-19 Pandemic, RT-PCR testing has become the gold standard for laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. But the second wave of COVID-19 in India has reported a high number of false-negative RT-PCR results. This calls for the need to measure the accuracy of the test in diagnosing infection, especially considering rise in variant strains each with its own virulence and infectivity. Imaging methods like HRCT and biochemical tests such as CRP, D-Dimer are being used increasingly by doctors to support the serological diagnostic method of Covid and draft further treatment protocols

Objectives: To measure the false negative rates of RT-PCR in COVID-19 Patients. To find the epidemiology of the root cause.

Methodology: For this Retrospective Cross-sectional study, sample size of 1998 with prevalence of 7894/million population and confidence interval of  95% we would be analysing  patients of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences TCH admitted in the months of April to June 2021  with suspected COVID-19 Infection.

Results: Increasing cases of false negative RT-PCR reports would be found.

Conclusion: There is an urgent need for the reality check on efficacy of RT-PCR Test Reports.
Evaluation of Acute, Sub-Chronic Oral Toxicity Studies and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Blumea mollis in Experimental Animals
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Chandra Phool , Mani Munesh
Published: February 2022

Objective: The goal of this study was to test the ethanol extract of the aerial part of the Blumea mollis (Asteraceae) for acute and sub-chronic toxicity as well as anti-inflammatory efficacy.

Methods: The shade dried aerial part of Blumea mollis (0.5 kg) was powdered and extracted with ethanol. Ethanol extracts was used for these studies. Acute oral and sub-chronic toxicity studies were performed as per OECD guidelines. The anti-inflammatory effect was studied by carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats at dose levels 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, orally.

Results: The results indicate that ethanol extract of Blumea mollis was found to be safe at the dose of 2000mg/kg. The EBM 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited significant inhibition (p<0.001) of increase in paw edema in rats.

Conclusion: The results of the experimental study confirmed that ethanol extract of Blumea mollis is devoid of toxicity and possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity.
Comparative Evaluation of Virtual Reality and Behavioural Counselling on Reducing the Anxiety in Patients during the Dental Treatment
Authors: Yadav Shailendra , Khan Muskan Fatema , Makkasare Shreya , Chabbra Kumar Gaurav , Madhu Priyanka Paul
Published: February 2022

Background: Anxiety is an enthusiastic state of mind which goes before an experience with feared object or circumstances. The main pharmacological treatment for reducing dental anxiety is local anaesthesia but it involves an injection with a needle prick which is refused by quiet patient. Some techniques were put forward to minimize the suffering during dental treatment such as diversion techniques, TV and hypnotism rather than pharmacological means. Virtual Reality (VR) is a three-dimensional domain that provide users a perception of submission, leading them to an interactive area.

Objectives: To distract mind with virtual reality, that has quite less access to handle approaching pain and anxiety signals and to minimize patient discomfort and uneasiness during dental treatment.

Methodology: The study will be conducted among patients reporting to Out Patient Department of Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital eligible patients who meet the eligibility criteria will take part in the trial. The study will be conducted between two groups and the anxiety scale will be calculated pre-test and post-test for each patient. One group of patients are given VR and the other group is given behavioural counselling before beginning of dental treatment.

Results: Virtual reality, a diversion is believed to assist users to get through by other unpleasant events during dental treatment. On application of virtual reality considerable decrease in anxiety is expected.

Conclusion: Virtual reality can be used to decrease anxiety during medical and dental treatment which can affect patients desire towards the treatment. Distractions may also have enduring effect in regards to more favourable impression of therapy.
Knowledge, Awareness and Perception on Burning Mouth Syndrome among Dental Students-A Survey
Authors: Ali Shifa Jawahar , Gayathri R. , Priya V. Vishnu
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Burning mouth syndrome is a condition distinguished by painful burning sensation of the tongue and mucosal tissue of the mouth, lips and palate that lasts from a few days to a few months. Common symptoms of burning mouth syndrome include burning sensation in the mouth, altered taste sensation and xerostomia or dry mouth despite normal salivation. Treatment of BMS is by either local or systemic medications that temporarily relieve symptoms and on improving quality of life. Menopausal or postmenopausal women with hormonal changes or psychological disorders have higher risk of developing burning mouth syndrome.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate and assess the knowledge, awareness and perception on burning mouth syndrome among dental students.

Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among dental students to evaluate the awareness about burning mouth syndrome. The study population in the study are the dental students with a sample size of 100. The questionnaire consisted of 14 questions and was shared to dental students using online survey platform. Frequency table was prepared for each question and analysed using spss data analysis software.

Results and Discussion: 82% of the participants were aware about burning mouth syndrome and 18% of the participants were not aware. 69% of the participants were aware that psychological problems like anxiety, depression can cause bms whereas 31% of the participants were not aware

Conclusion: The dental students have a moderate level of awareness about burning mouth syndrome. Most of the dental students were aware about burning mouth syndrome but there was still a group of teenagers who were not aware. More awareness and better understanding will result in better management and better treatment plans.
A Brief Review on Mycoplasma
Authors: Lakhera Abhijeet Singh , Damke Smita
Published: February 2022

Mycoplasma genitalium are a finicky creature belonging to the Mollicutes class, the tiniest prokaryote ability of self. Most remains unclear about its normal evolution in uncontrolled illness, despite the fact that it was originally discovered in 1981.

It's a sexually transmissible bacterium that can cause short term and long - term non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) in males, and there's strong evidence that it could also cause cervicitis and pelvic organ prolapse in females. Its significance in a number of different medical symptoms is unknown. The majority of people infected remain asymptomatic and clear infection without developing disease; asymptomatic screening is therefore not recommended. Prevalence rates are higher in patients attending sexual health clinics and in men with NGU. Limited availability of diagnostics has encouraged syndromic management, resulting in widespread antimicrobial resistance and given that few antimicrobial classes have activity against Mycoplasma there is significant concern regarding the emergence of untreatable strains.

Symptomless monitoring also isn't suggested so because bulk of those affected stay silent and recover illness without acquiring illness. Individuals who visit private clinics and males having NGU have greater prevalence. Due to the scarcity of diagnosing, symptomatic leadership is becoming popular, resulted in massive resistant bacteria. Provided which only very few antibiotic class possess action against M. genitalium, this same occurrence of incurable isolates is a serious worry. Screening must be made more widely available, and it will include discovery of erythromycin tolerance causing alterations. Competence in the evaluation of microbiology findings in relation to medical association provides appropriate therapies while trying to minimize antimicrobial use. Observation of population health on a worldwide stage is critical for tracking and adapting to shifting epidemiological patterns. We summarised existing understanding of M. genitalium, along with epidemiological data, diagnostic, and bacteriological data, as well as topic obstacles with in era of growing resistant strains in this evaluation.
The Impact of Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy on Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective, Multicenter Study
Authors: Alqahtani Abdulhadi M. , Almazrou Saja H. , Alqahtani Khaled , Ntinika Pendo , Alshahrani Mohammed , Alqahtani Basmah F. , Khattab Amin K. , Alyahya Sheikhah A. , Aljohani Fahad Dakilallah , Elbadawy Hossein M.
Published: February 2022

Background:  Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)–coated prodrugs remain inactive until they enter the alkaline atmosphere of the duodenum, where they are absorbed and transmitted to parietal cells. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PPI medication on patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their outcomes.

Methods: This was a retrospective, multicenter study conducted at two regional hospitals in Saudi Arabia. All confirmed COVID-19 patients between March 1 and August 15, 2020, were included in the study. The Mann–Whitney U and chi-squared tests were performed to appropriately determine the difference between treatment groups.

Results: Out of 346 patients, 136 (39.3 %) were users of PPIs with standard care, and 210 (60.7%) standard care and the average age was 43.5 years. The mean hospital length of stay in users of PPIs with standard care was 4.25 days. In contrast, the death cases of PPIs with standard care group were 3 cases out of 9 cases.

Conclusion: The impact of PPIs on COVID-19 patients is so far still a debate, and the discovery of novel therapies for COVID-19 is paramount. However, it is important for scientists and treating physicians to thoroughly identify the comorbidities of patients and other treatments before PPI administration.
Pathogenesis of Escherichia coli: A Clinical Findings
Authors: Jaybhaye Ajay , Deb Mrinangka
Published: February 2022

Theodore Escherich, a German doctor, found E. coli for the first time while studying the gut flora of newborns. Bacterium coli commune (Escherich 1885) was named after him in 1885, and its virulence in extraintestinal illnesses was established by him (1894 Escherich). Until 1919 the term Bacterium coli was commonly used. Then after the formation of the genus Peschiera, Castellani and Chalmers called the type species E. coli (Chalmers & Castellani 1919).

Escherichia coli is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family and is a gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rod (with both a fermentative and respiratory metabolism) that lacks oxidase production. One single rod cell of Escherichia coli cell is generally 1.1–1.5 m broad by 2–6 m long. They may be motile or nonmotile, producing lateral flagella instead of polar flagella when motile. Many strains expand fimbriae or pili, which might be proteinaceous appendages (or structures or fibers) that extend outwardly from the bacterial cell and assist in bacterial mobile adhesion or adherence to other host cells or tissues.

Shigella spp. are closely related to Escherichia coli, albeit Shigella is less biochemically active than most E. coli strains. Although genetic relatedness allows Shigella and E. coli to be classified as a single genus, the two have typically been kept apart to avoid medical diagnostic confusion. E. coli are found in many living organisms' nature, edibles, water, and intestines. E. coli is a giant and numerous organization. Most E. coli traces are secure; some can purpose the contamination. Some E. coli strains are chargeable for causing diarrhea, and lots of other lines motive urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and lots of different infections and diseases.
Assessment and Comparison of Temporomandibular Joint for Occurrence and Severity of Disorders in Adult Cases with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate and Non-cleft Class I: An Observational Study
Authors: Kumar Nikhil , Daigavane Pallavi , Shrivastava Sunita S. , Kamble Ranjit
Published: February 2022

Background: Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP) are hereditary deformity of craniofacial structure. Temporomandibular disorder has number of clinical problems affecting muscles of mastication and its associated structures. There are several methods used to evaluate temporomandibular dysfunction (MRI, etc), Helkimo index is a settler in advancing indices, other indices used are CMI, MFIQ, FONSECA. The design of the following study was to evaluate the TMJ disorders in UCLP, if any, and compare with the non-cleft cases.

Methodology: Total 30 patients aged 16 to 20 years, will be selected from the patients coming to smile train Out Patient Department (OPD) of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Wardha. The total cases will be divided into two groups: a) Group I -   unliteral cleft lip and palate cases b) Group II - non cleft class I cases Digital records of the patient (lateral cephalogram, photograph, models) will be taken and stored. Helkimo, MFIQ, CMI, Fonseca will be recorded on all patients participated in study. The Helkimo index will be taken to assess the presence and severity and   MFIQ index will be taken to assess mandibular functioning in cleft cases based on the questionnaire.

Expected Results: The dental apparatus (interdental relation of maxillary and mandibular dentition) plays an important role in the temporomandibular joint's well-being. Trauma due to the occlusal instability has definite effect on the TMJ in long run. Cleft is always associated with inter jaw malocclusion and therefore TMDs in the cleft patient is thought to occur. The treatment protocol for grown cases with severe skeletal malocclusion is orthognathic surgery. The TMJ correction remains untouched. It can be expected that altered TMJ anatomy can lead to TMDs in cleft lip and palate cases.

Conclusion: To convey the occurrence of TMDs in cleft due to the inter jaw malocclusion and its early treatment approach for TMJ deprogramming along with dental and surgical correction in CLP.
Mucormycosis and It’s Prevalence in the Patients of COVID-19
Authors: Singh Arya , Chandi Dhruba Hari
Published: February 2022

The world today is going through a series of uncalled events, that has hindered the balance of livelihood in the current population. This is due to the emergence of the COVID-19 but along with that, the COVID-19 has accompanied several other rare and extremely fatal fungal infections under its shadows, such as the Mucormycosis. Mucormycosis is caused particularly in the immunocompromised hosts by the saprophytic fungi of Mucorales species. This infection leads to several clinical conditions, under the influence of the COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis, commonly being the conditions such as the rhino-cerebral disease. This condition occurs mainly in the patients with diabetes mellitus. Several other respiratory, gastrointestinal and cutaneous contaminations also occur during this condition. COVID-9 accompanied with diabetes mellitus can be extremely life threatening. Now, there are several predisposing factor to the Mucormycosis which could accompany the severity of the conditions such as the Ketoacidosis in the patients with diabetes mellitus, patients on the immunosuppressive therapies, previous pulmonary infections and other nosocomial contaminations. There are no specific biomarkers available to diagnose Mucormycosis; Histopathological examination of the biopsied tissue and imaging of the involved area are most important in diagnosis. Mucormycosis being an angioinvasive fungus, usually is present in the surroundings with wet surfaces and dead and decaying vegetable matter. The term black fungus is used as in for the dematiaceous fungi, which are an entirely different group. Since the COVID-19 pandemic is on it’s massive widespread in the country, the new variant being more infectious, people are more tend to some other complications of the COVID-19 contamination such as that of the secondary fungal infections causing high mortality rates.
Evaluation of Intermental Foramina Distance among South Indian Population
Authors: Jeeva S. , Prathap Lavanya
Published: February 2022

Background: The intermental foramina distance varies between ethnicities, according to an OPG (orthopantomogram), which is a form of dental x-ray. The mandibular foramen has a bony canal developed in the mandible at two independent anatomies and its rim is 'v' shaped, that was its common form where the groove separating the anterior and posterior parts is horizontally orientated rim which is an oval shaped rim. The placement of the mandibular foramen varies by ethnicity; the intermental foramina distance is always measured from the mandibles' mid-line.

Materials and Methods: The OPGs are collected from the private dental college and hospital in chennai. The location of mental foramen is identified and the intermental foramina distance is calculated by adobe photoshop. The collected data is analysed using SPSS software.

Results: The average intermental foramen distance in the south Indian population was 4.93 cm. Males have a 5.14 cm inter mental foramen, whereas females have a 4.76 cm inter mental foramen. With a p value of 0.001, there is a significant difference in the intermental foramina distance between the genders in the south Indian population.

Conclusion: Within the restrictions of the study, it may be stated that there is a significant difference in the intermental foramina distance between men and women in the south Indian population, with a p value of 0.001. The dentist's understanding of the intermental foramina difference is critical when performing implants, orthodontic surgery, and periodontal surgery. It aids the dentist in planning the drilling of the lower jaw bone.
Cysticercosis of Cheek - A Rare Site
Authors: Manchanda Aanchal , Agrawal Anil , Vagha Sunita
Published: February 2022

Cysticercosis caused by Taenia solium is a helminthic infection. It usually resides in animals and humans to complete its life cycle and cause the disease within it. Cysticercosis in humans is acquired by ingestion of eggs or its larvae form. It is caused due to improper sanitation, fecal ingestion by the pigs which is infected with larvae of cysticercus, improper vaccination of pigs and ingestion of raw or uncooked pork and meat by the humans. Most commonly it involves the brain, heart, liver, muscles, lungs and the peritoneal cavity. When there is involvement of the mouth, frequently occurring sites include the tongue, buccal mucosa and rarely floor of mouth. Likewise, most commonly, the skeletal muscle involvement is noted.

It is usually diagnosed by radiological and pathological investigations. Radiologically, USG and MRI characteristically reveals the lesion caused by cysticercosis. Pathologically, the biopsy done of the affected area shows the inhabited cysticercus along with its causative changes in the tissue like edema, congestion and infiltration of Inflammatory infiltrates. Being a parasitic infestation, eosinophilic infiltration around the membrane of cysticercus is commonly noted in the biopsy. This is the presentation of the case report, where there is an occurrence of Cysticercosis in the muscles of cheek, a site with rare occurrence.
Evaluation and Correlation of Preoperative Serum C- Reactive Protein, Neutrophil-lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-lymphocyte Ratio for Cervical Metastasis in Patients of Primary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wadewale Sanjana , Bhola Nitin
Published: February 2022

Background: The influence of cervical metastasis on prognosis in a person who is suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been notorious. C- reactive protein (CRP) is a prior biomarker for inflammation. Recent literature provide evidence of systemic inflammatory markers playing important role in determining survival rate on patient with OSCC. Hence, in current study the “utility of Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ,Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and serum CRP are evaluated and correlated for cervical metastasis”.

Objectives: This study intends to evaluate and correlate preoperative serum CRP, NLR, and PLR for cervical metastasis in patients of primary oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Methodology: The clinicopathological data, CRP and the preoperative complete blood investigation details were obtained from 40 primary OSCC patients who will undergo surgery. The optimal cut-off value of CRP, PLR and NLR was determined. The prognostic significance of markers will be determined by Univariate and multivariate analysis.

Expected Results: The elevation of CRP, NLR, and PLR levels will significantly evaluate and correlate with cervical metastasis.

Conclusion: Preoperative serum CRP, NLR, and PLR level will be a prognosticator in OSCC.
Prevalence of Anaemia in Females of Reproductive Age Group
Authors: Purwar Ananya , Anjankar Vaibhav
Published: February 2022

Background: Anemia is a significant public health indicator linked to poor health outcomes. The restricted nature of available data makes it difficult to relate the iron status of pregnant women. It is yet unclear whether the therapy option is most successful in reducing postpartum anemia symptoms.

Aim and Objective: To discuss the existence of anemia in females of conceivable age and during pregnancy and the causes and treatments for the condition.

Description: The woman ought to contain bodily stores of irons 500 mg, which corresponds to serum ferritin levels of 60-70 g/L, for completing a normal pregnancy along with no intake of iron supplements even without developing an iron deficiency or iron-deficiency anemia. Iron deficient anemia caused by a lower percentage of iron is the most common anemia worldwide. Anemia is a prevalent problem among HIV-positive persons, especially women. It can make you feel restless, reduce your quality of life, and make it more likely that your HIV infection will worsen.

Conclusion: The experimental relevance of a few good temporary fatigues counting female patients alongside blood transfusion remains unknown. Also, such small benefits must get weighed against understood risks, such as maternal mortality (not stated) as well as maternal immunological sensitization, all of that might disrupt subsequent pregnancies. When comparing oral iron to a placebo, it's unclear if effectiveness (symptom alleviation) overcomes the documented gastrointestinal side effects.
Succinct Review Article on Male Sterility Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Treatment
Authors: Joshi Amey , Sawal Anupama
Published: February 2022

Background: Interspecific hybrid male sterility is a common occurrence in nature and plays a vital role in species reproductive isolation. Recently several studies have suggested a decline in the quality of semen. About half of the infertile causes are in men; the rate increases in the infertile couples. Some therapy for male sterility; medication, surgery, or assisted reproductive technology (ART). Medicinal effects are not expected, and surgical cases are localized for indication. Moreover, since most male sterility is idiopathic insufficiency of spermatogenesis, a recent tendency in the male-sterile therapy is ART such as IVF-ET, ICSI, TESE, etc.

In oncology and Graves' disease, retraction of the thyroid gland is implicated in the pathogenesis of destruction of the endocrine glands, extraneous division of the superior and inferior laryngeal nerves, collapsed lung associated with cardiovascular destruction, or the possibility of remnant glandular tissue is remaining. This research aimed to identify how common thyroid gland anomalies in anatomy and development are to reduce the risks of thyroid surgical problems. There were a total of 20 corpses dissected. The pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland, the levator glandule thyroideae, or the half or total disappearance of the isthmus has all been investigated. The gland's right and left lobes were measured length, maximal transverse, and anteroposterior extent. The bulk of these anatomical discrepancies can be attributed to an organogenesis mistake. Thyroid dysgenesis comprises ectopic thyroid, hemiparesis, hemiagensis, hypoplasia, and anatomical abnormalities in the thyroid gland produced by improper organogenesis.
A Retrospective Study on Identification of Anterior Loop Pattern of Mental Nerve Entry into Mental Foramen in Digital Orthopantomography among South Indian Population
Authors: Srithika M. , Prathap Lavanya
Published: February 2022

Background: In the premolar location of mandible, the mental nerve's entry into the mental foramen pattern is a significant landmark. Different patterns of mental nerve entrance have been discovered. The current experiment was attempted to detect the different entry routes of the mental nerve into the mandible using panoramic radiographs, which are employed in pre-surgical evaluation.

Materials and Methods: The current study used a total of 200 panoramic radiographs collected for diagnostic purposes. The location and entrance pattern of the mental nerve on the both sides were noted on the radiographs. Straight, looping, and perpendicular entry patterns were identified in the data. The data is tabulated and statistically analysed in SPSS software using Chi-square.

Results: The existence of an anterior loop was determined to be the most usual pattern of entry of the mental nerve, accounting for 79 percent of the total radiographs examined 21 percent , and a perpendicular pattern 6 percent. The p value is 0.432 and p value 0.309, with respect to age and gender respectively which is statistically not significant.

Conclusion: The findings obtained from the study within the limits, it can be stated that the straight pattern of anterior loop of mental nerve was the most common. A panoramic radiograph may be a viable radiological tool for detecting the existence of an anterior loop that should be confirmed in order to plan surgical treatments in the mandibular premolar region prior to surgery.
Assessment of Patient Satisfaction in IPD Settings of AVBRH and Designing Strategies for Providing Patient-centric Care
Authors: Seth Pushpanjali , Shinde Vitthal , Gudhe Vandana
Published: February 2022

Background: Health industry is changing and growing at a very rapid phase. The patient is the most essential stakeholder in healthcare now. The Healthcare industry is a service industry where patient satisfaction are of paramount importance for the success of any organization. Healthcare is becoming more and more customer-centric. Patient satisfaction encompasses patients’ expectations, perception, and overall experience of healthcare services. Patient feedback helps a lot in improving services to patient satisfaction. This study aims to  assess the satisfaction level and causes of dissatisfaction in ABVR Hospital and provide patient-centric healthcare. 

Methodology: This will be a descriptive cross-sectional study. Patient satisfaction survey questionnaires will be administered, and personal interviews will be conducted with 50 randomly selected patients admitted to AVBRH. The qualitative and quantitative data will be analysed using appropriate statistical tools.

Results: Key reflections are expected about patient satisfaction level regarding healthcare services at AVBRH which can guide to frame patient-centric care policies.

Conclusion: Patient perception and feedback should be considered for formulating quality improvement strategic decisions. Pas the end-user of service, patients can judge the organizational and environmental dimension, empathetic work culture, and clinical aspect.
Type 1 - Diabetes Mellitus: Etiology and Epidemiology
Authors: Tyagi Archana , Anjankar Vaibhav
Published: February 2022

According to the first point of view about the physiopathology and management of type 1diabetes, it seems to be easy but as we go deep into its study the less it seems to be known. Koch's postulates are not followed in all the cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus, and this is concluded after knowing more about the disease's pathogenesis. The main cause of disease nowadays is the surroundings, environmental factors, genome, metabolism, and immune system that varies in different individuals. But according to ancient research, it was considered like a localized autoimmune disorder in which beta cells producing insulin are destroyed. During ancient times before giving type 1 diabetes recognition of a complaint, people linked the symptoms of the complaint like inordinate urination, inordinate thirst, and the agreeableness of the urine that attract the ants, and also it was noted on by the croakers and latterly it was nominated Type 1 Diabetes. Since it was a new term for the people of ancient times, they assumed type 1 diabetes to be a fatal complaint as they had no idea about the history and cause of the disease and because of this partial knowledge the cases suffering from the complaint failed from acute complications. The involvement of the pancreas in type 1 diabetes was proved in the time 1889. After the time when the pancreas part was proved the scientists plant out that beast insulin can be utilized in the treatment of complaint of the subject, and they concluded that diabetes is not fatal it is just a bare issue of life.
Seizures Presenting as ADHD: A Case Report
Authors: K. S. Anies Siya , Kallan Fadi Mohamed , Kolenchery Julianna Jinson , D'silva Vismaya Rachel , Nagdive Amit B. , Sethi Siddharth
Published: February 2022

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a large proportion of children. ADHD is associated with an increased risk of seizures and is characterised by inattention, restlessness, and impatience.

A 6-year-old boy with ADHD presented to the Psychiatry Out-Patient Department with complaints of aggressive behaviour and restlessness. Trademark symptoms such as difficulty in sustaining concentration, not following instructions, running about, not being able to sit in one place, and verbally and physically abusive behaviour were noted in the patient.

Atomoxetine and Risperidone were prescribed for inattention and behavioural misconduct, respectively. Due to lack of improvement and a seizure suggestive incident an EEG investigation was instigated; it showed seizure activity for which Sodium Valproate was initiated for the same. Due to adverse effects, Oxcarbazepine was additionally included. Oxcarbazepine showed the most effective in treatment and progress continued with the intake of the drug. Currently, the boy is showing near total improvement and is on Atomoxetine 20 mg, Oxcarbazepine 600 mg and Sodium Valproate 400 mg, all of the above in divided doses.

This case report aims at highlighting the manifestation of unprovoked seizure activity in a patient previously diagnosed with ADHD with conduct disorder.

Several medical conditions in children mirror ADHD symptoms, making diagnosis difficult. For accurate treatment, it's crucial to rule out a differential diagnosis. With the help of this case, we can shed some light on the lack of knowledge and protocols in the management of hyperkinetic disorders, which has resulted in the spike of misdiagnosed cases across the country.
Carcinoma of Breast: A Case Report
Authors: Thakare Pratiksha , Ankar Ruchira , Sharma Ranjana , Gujar Samruddhi , Sheikh Shakib
Published: February 2022

Background: In Indian women, breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer. Breast cancer affects 30 out of every 100,000 women in India.

Case Report: A female patient of 70 years old was admitted to Female surgery Ward-33, Unit-3, AVBRH on 19th January with a chief complaint of lump in upper outer quadrant of the right breast, hardness and non-tenderness of right breast since 2 months. The patient was ok. She had complained of a lump in the upper outer quadrant of her breast for 2 months, and it had appeared gradually. During a physical examination, some clinical findings were obtained i.e., lump in a breast was gradually progressive, and non-tenderness and a nonmobile lump in upper outer quadrant of right breast, no history of fever, nausea vomiting, bloody discharge from a nipple. After that patient was undergone on the routine investigation in that Haemoglobin- 8.4gm% was decreased, Total Red Blood Cell count 2.88 cumm decreased, Total Leucocyte Count -17800 cumm increased. Fine needle aspiration cytology show metastasis of breast and ultrasonography shows an irregular strangulated hypoechoic mass of approximately 3.5*1.9 cm at the outer upper quadrant of the right breast. After histopathology report revealed that patient having metastasis of right breast and she was undergone on treatment of chemotherapy.

Conclusion: This case report was of great relevance for academics, its provided to improve knowledge about breast cancer, to encourage the practice of BSE making women aware of the importance of this exam.