bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMODELAN SUMBER GEMPA DI WILAYAH SULAWESI UTARA SEBAGAI UPAYA MITIGASI BENCANA GEMPA BUMI
Authors: Pasau Guntur , Tanauma Adey
Published: July 2019

PEMODELAN SUMBER GEMPA DI WILAYAH SULAWESI UTARA SEBAGAI UPAYA MITIGASI BENCANA GEMPA BUMI 1) Guntur Pasau2) dan Adey Tanauma2); e-mail: pasaujunior@gmail.com1)Penelitian IPTEK dan Seni dengan Biaya DIPA Unsrat Tahun 2011 2)Progran Studi Fisika FMIPA Universitas San Ratulangi Manado, 95115 ABSTRAK Pemodelan sumber gempa di wilayah Sulawesi Utara telah dilakukan. Pemodelan sumber gempa menggunakan teori probabilitas total merupakan salah satu upaya mitigasi dalam mengetahui besarnya percepatan suatu gerakan tanah yang diakibatkan oleh suatu gempa bumi. Analisis perhitungan percepatan tanah maksimum di batuan dasar meliputi probabilitas terlampaui 10% dalam 50 tahun. Hasil analisis pemodelan sumber gempa yang telah dilakukan didapatkan bahwa nilai percepatan tanah pada beberapa kota besar di Sulawesi Utara cukup tinggi. Nilai percepatan tanah maksimum yang tertinggi adalah Kota Gorontalo dengan nilai percepatan sekitar 0,5g kemudian disusul oleh Kota Bitung sebesar 0,4g, dan Kota Manado sebesar 0,25g. Kata Kunci: pemodelan, sumber gempa, probabilitas, percepatan, batuan dasar. EARTHQUAKE SOURCE MODELING OF NORTH SULAWESI REGION AS AN EFFORT OF EARTHQUAKE DISASTER MITIGATION ABSTRACT Earthquake source  modeling of North Sulawesi region was carried out. The earthquake source modeling using the theory of total probability is one of the mitigation efforts in knowing the magnitude of the acceleration of the ground motion caused by an earthquake. Analysis of the calculation of  the maximum ground acceleration at bedrock includes the probability of exceedance 10% in 50 years. The results of the earthquake source modeling analysis has been done found that the ground acceleration values ​​in some major cities in North Sulawesi is quite high. The maximum ground acceleration value of the highest is the of Gorontalo City with a value of about 0.5 g acceleration was followed by the Bitung City of 0.4 g, and the Manado City of 0.25 g. Keywords: modeling, earthquake source, probability, accelearation, bedrock
Evolusi Fotosintesis pada Tumbuhan
Authors: Nio Song Ai
Published: July 2019

EVOLUSI FOTOSINTESIS PADA TUMBUHANABSTRAK Fotosintesis adalah proses sintesis karbohidrat dari bahan-bahan anorganik (CO2 dan H2O) pada tumbuhan berpigmen dengan bantuan energi cahaya matahari. Fotosintesis terdiri atas 2 fase, yaitu fase I yang berlangsung pada grana dan menghasilkan  ATP dan NADPH2 serta fase II yang berlangsung pada stroma dan menghasilkan karbohidrat. Molekul air tidak dipecah dalam fotosintesis primitif dan setelah evolusi molekul air dipecahkan melalui 2 fotosistem sehingga O2 dilepaskan ke atmosfir. Fotosintesis berkembang menjadi lebih kompleks secara biokimia sampai terjadinya pemisahan antara respirasi dan fotosintesis beserta regulasinya. Evolusi tipe-tipe fotosintesis seperti C4 dan CAM merupakan akibat menurunnya rasio CO2/O2 dan radiasi yang intensif pada atmosfir. Kata kunci: C3, C4, CAM   THE EVOLUTION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN PLANT ABSTRACT Photosynthesis is the synthesis process of carbohydrate from inorganic materials (CO2 dan H2O) in plants with pigments using light energy. There are 2 phases of photosynthesis, i.e. phase I that occurs in grana and results in ATP dan NADPH2 and phase II that occurs in stroma and results in carbohydrate. The water molecule was not split apart  in the primitive photosynthesis and after evolution the water molecule was oxidized via 2 photosystems, so that O2 was released to the atmosphere. Photosynthesis developed biochemically to be more complex until photosynthesis and its regulation was separated from respiration. The evolution of photosynthesis types, such as C4 and CAM, was resulted from the decrease of ratio CO2/O2 and the intensive radiation in the atmosphere. Keywords: C3, C4, CAM
KINETICS OF GASEOUS TOLUENE ADSORPTION ON CANDLENUT SHELL ACTIVATED CARBON
Authors: Wuntu Audy D , Kamu Vanda S
Published: July 2019

KINETICS OF GASEOUS TOLUENE ADSORPTION ON CANDLENUT SHELL ACTIVATED CARBON ABSTRACT Adsorption kinetics of gaseous toluene on activated carbon prepared from candlenut shell had been studied. The research was performed by examining adsorption data, which was obtained in previous research, over several rate equations, which were: (1) Lagergren’s pseudo first order rate equation, (2) Ho’s pseudo second order rate equation, (3) Elovich’s equation, and (4) persamaan Ritchie’s equation. The result showed that the data of toluene adsorption on candlenut shell activated carbon fits the Ho’s pseudo second order rate equation and, hence, the model is the most applicable model for the adsorption. Calculation from linear regression of Ho’s pseudo second order rate equation gave the equilibrium adsorption capacity value of 56,069 mg g-1, second order rate constant of 3,54x10–4 g mg-1 min-1, and initial adsorption rate of 1,112 mg g-1 min-1. Keywords: adsorption, candlenut, activated carbon, toluene KINETIKA ADSORPSI GAS TOLUENA PADA KARON AKTIF TEMPURUNG KEMIRI ABSTRAK Studi mengenai aspek kinetika adsorpsi toluena pada arang aktif yang terbuat dari tempurung kemiri telah dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menguji data adsorpsi yang telah diperoleh pada penelitian terdahulu menggunakan empat persamaan laju adsorpsi, yaitu (1) persamaan laju pseudo order pertama Lagergren, (2) persamaan laju pseudo order kedua Ho, (3) persamaan Elovich, dan (4) persamaan Ritchie. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa model kinetika dengan persamaan laju pseudo order kedua Ho adalah yang paling sesuai diaplikasikan untuk adsorpsi gas toluena pada arang aktif tempurung kemiri. Dari persamaan linear untuk model kinetika pseudo order kedua Ho diperoleh nilai kapasitas adsorpsi pada kesetimbangan sebesar 56,069 mg g-1, konstanta adsorpsi sebesar 3,54x10–4 g mg-1 menit-1, dan laju adsorpsi awal sebesar 1,112 mg g-1 menit-1. Kata kunci: adsorpsi, kemiri, karbon aktif, toluena
SEGMENTASI CITRA DIGITAL IKAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE THRESHOLDING
Authors: Kumaseh Max R , Latumakulita Luther , Nainggolan Nelson
Published: July 2019

SEGMENTASI CITRA DIGITAL IKAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE THRESHOLDINGABSTRAK Untuk mengenal jenis-jenis ikan berdasarkan ciri-cirinya, telah dibuat suatu sistem untuk memisahkan objek mata ikan menggunakan metode thresholding. Prosesnya dimulai dengan menginput citra digital ikan, selanjutnya dikonversi ke citra grayscale. Kemudian dilakukan proses segmentasi terhadap citra grayscale. Selanjutnya, dipilih hasil segmentasi dan ditandai dengan proses deteksi tepi menggunakan operator Canny yang dipertajam dengan proses dilasi. Proses terakhir adalah membuat plot contour terhadap hasil proses dilasi dan citra grayscale. Hasil segmentasi berhasil memisahkan objek mata ikan dengan menggunakan metode thresholding local. Keseluruhan proses ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan MATLAB R2012a. Kata kunci : Mata Ikan, Segmentasi Citra, Thresholding DIGITAL FISH IMAGE SEGMENTATION BY THRESHOLDING METHOD ABSTRACT A system of fish eyelets seperation has been conducted to identify types of fish acording to their characteristics, by using thresholding method. The process start by inserting digital fish image then convert it to grayscale image. Next step is to process segmentation the grayscale image. Choosed the segmentation result then marked it by edge detection process using Canny operation which has been sharpened by dilation process. The last step is to make contour plot to dilation result and grayscale image. The result of the segmentation shows that the fish eyelets can be separated using local thresholding method. The whole process is conducted by using MATLAB R2012a. Keywords : Fish Eyelets, Segmentation Image, Thresholding
Kualitas Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) yang dibuat pada Metode Pemanasan Bertahap sebagai Minyak Goreng dengan Penambahan Wortel (Daucus carrota L.)
Authors: Nodjeng Megawati , Fatimah Feti , Rorong Johnly A
Published: July 2019

Kualitas Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) yang dibuat pada Metode Pemanasan Bertahap sebagai Minyak Goreng dengan Penambahan Wortel (Daucus carrota L.) ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui kualitas VCO yang diolah dengan metode pemanasan dengan adanya penambahan wortel (VCO-wortel) sebagai minyak goreng serta perbandingan kualitasnnya dengan VCO tanpa penambahan wortel (VCO),  minyak sawit komersial dan minyak kelapa komersial. Parameter kualitas yang akan di uji yaitu  kadar air, asam lemak bebas, bobot jenis dan bilangan peroksida. Hasil penelitian menunjukan VCO-wortel dan minyak kelapa komersial mempunyai  kualitas yang lebih baik pada sebelum serta setelah penggorengan pengujian dilakukan terhadap kentang beku sebanyak tiga kali. Hasil diuji statistik dengan Anova. dibandingkan dengan  VCO dan minyak sawit komersial. Walaupun nilai asam lemak (FFA) bebas dan bobot jenis minyak kelapa komersial lebih baik daripada VCO-wortel  namun tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan sehingga pembuatan VCO  wortel dapat memberi pengaruh yang baik terhadap kualitas VCO sebagai minyak goreng. Kata Kunci : Asam lemak bebas, Bobot jenis dan bilangan peroksida, VCO-Wortel THE QUALITY OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL ( VCO ) MADE IN GRADUAL HEATING METHODS AS THE COOKING OIL WITH ADDITION CARROT (Daucus Carrota L.) ABSTRACT Research has been conducted to determine the quality of the VCO is processed by heating method with the addition of carrots ( VCO - carrots ) as well as comparison kualitasnnya cooking oil with VCO without the addition of carrots ( VCO ) , a commercial palm oil and coconut oil commercial. Quality parameters will be tested the moisture content , free fatty acid , peroxide type and weight. The results showed VCO - commercial carrot and coconut oil has a better quality before and after frying tests conducted on frozen potatoes three times . Results were tested statistically by Anova. compared with VCO and commercial palm oil . Although the value of fatty acids ( FFA ) and free weights commercial coconut oils are better than VCO - carrots but no significant difference thus making carrot VCO can give a good effect on the quality of the VCO as a cooking oil . Keywords : Free fatty acids,  Weight and type of peroxide, VCO-Carrots
EFEKTIVITAS BIOKOAGULAN Vicia faba DALAM MEMPERBAIKI LIMBAH CAIR PULP DAN KERTAS
Authors: Ariyani Miranti , Saefudin Saefudin , Nilawati Tina Safaria
Published: July 2019

EFEKTIVITAS BIOKOAGULAN Vicia faba DALAM MEMPERBAIKI LIMBAH CAIR PULP DAN KERTAS ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai efektivitas kacang babi Vicia faba sebagai biokoagulan dalam memperbaiki sifat fisik dan kimiawi limbah cair industri pulp dan kertas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan dan konsentrasi Vicia faba yang optimum dalam memperbaiki sifat fisik kimiawi limbah cair industri pulp dan kertas. Sifat fisik dan kimia yang diteliti mencakup turbiditas, total padatan tersuspensi (TSS) limbah, kandungan kesadahan dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) limbah. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan lima taraf konsentrasi yaitu 0,02%; 0,04%; 0,06%; 0,08% dan 0,1% (v/v) masing-masing dengan lima kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi suspensi Vicia faba sebanyak 0,1% mampu menurunkan turbiditas limbah hingga mencapai 98,5% dan TSS limbah hingga mencapai 74,8%. Untuk parameter kimiawi, pada konsentrasi tersebut mampu menurunkan kesadahan limbah hingga 41,6%, dan kandungan COD limbah mencapai 60,6%. Kata kunci : Vicia faba, biokoagulan, limbah cair industri pulp dan kertas EFECTIVITY OF Vicia faba AS BIOCOAGULANT FOR PULP AND PAPER WASTE WATER ABSTRACT The Study about Efectivity of broad bean (Vicia faba) as a biocoagulant for pulp and paper mill waste water were conducted. Coagulation-flocculation is an important process in wastewater treatment that are used to remove colloid and suspended particles. The objective of this research was to determine the ability and the optimum concentration of Vicia faba. The observed  parameters during this research were Turbidity, Total Suspended Solid, Total Hardness and Chemical Oxygen Demand. The study was conducted using Randomize Complete Design with five replications and five level concentrations (0,02%; 0,04%; 0,06%; 0,08%; 0,1%). The data show  that the optimum concentration of Vicia faba was around 0,1%. Vicia faba at concentration 0,1% effectively removes turbidity over 98,5%, 74,8%, for Total Suspended Solid, 60,6% of Chemical Oxygen Demand and 41,6% for total hardness. Keywords: Vicia faba, biocoagulant, pulp and paper mill waste water
KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROZOOBENTOS DI SUNGAI TALAWAAN MINAHASA UTARA, SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Maith Mentari , Rondonuwu Sendy , Papu Adelfia , Singkoh Marina F.O.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAK Makrozoobentos merupakan hewan makroinvertebrata yang menetap di dasar perairan baik sesil, merayap maupun menggali lubang. Beberapa alasan menjadikan makrozoobentos sebagai bioindikator adalah makrozoobentos relatif diam di dasar perairan sehingga terdedah oleh air, pendedahan yang terus menerus menyebabkan makrozoobentos dipengaruhi oleh kegiatan lingkungan dan perubahan tersebut dapat mempengaruhi keanekaragamannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman makrozoobentos di Sungai Talawaan. Lokasi penelitian terletak di Sungai Talawaan, Minahasa Utara, Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Purposive Random Sampling dengan menggunakan alat jaring surber. Total individu yang didapatkan dari 3 stasiun sebanyak 191 individu dengan jumlah ordo sebanyak 6 yang terdiri dari 14 genus. Genus makrozoobentos yang paling banyak ditemukan pada ke 3 stasiun yaitu Ephemeroptera, Tricoptera dan Coleoptera. Nilai total ke 3 Stasiun termasuk pada kelompok tercemar ringan dengan Indeks keanekaragaman > 2,0 yaitu 2,01. Kata Kunci: Makrozoobentos, Sungai Talawaan, Indeks Keanekaragaman, Minahasa Utara-Sulawesi Utara.   DIVERSITY MACROZOOBENTHOS IN TALAWAAN RIVER NORTH MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI ABSTRACT Macrozoobenthos is macroinvertebrate animals that live in the waters of both sessile base, edging and dig a hole. Several reasons make macrozoobenthos bioindicator is macrozoobenthos relatively silent in the bottom waters that were exposed by the water, continuous exposure causes macrozoobenthos influenced by environmental activities and these change may affect biodiversity. This study aims to analyze the diversity of macrozoobenthos in the River Talawaan. Location of the study lies in Talawaan River, North Minahasa, North Sulawesi. The study used Purposive Random Sampling method by using a surber net. Total individuals who come from 3 to as many 191 individual station with the order many as 6 which consists of 14 gems. Genus macrozoobenthos most commonly found at all 3 station are Ephemeroptera, Tricoptera and Coleoptera. The total value of all 3 stations included in the group of lightly contaminated with diversity index > 2,0 is 2,01. Keywords: Macrozoobenthos, River Talawaan, Diversity index, North Minahasa-North Sulawesi.
DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK ETANOL Schismatoglottis sp. TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli
Authors: Bian Fahri , Kandou Febby E.F. , Rumondor Marhaenus J.
Published: July 2019

DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK ETANOL Schismatoglottis sp. TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coliABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak etanol daun Schismatoglottis sp. terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Daya hambat ekstrak etanol Schismatoglottis sp. terhadap bakteri menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer, yaitu metode difusi dengan cakram kertas. Ekstrak etanol Schismatoglottis sp. menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus pada konsentrasi 60% dan 90% dengan diameter zona hambat 16,10 mm dan 31,33 mm serta  terhadap E. coli pada konsentrasi 30%, 60%, dan 90% dengan diameter zona hambat berturut-turut 11,72 mm, 16,38 mm, dan  29,27 mm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol Schismatoglottis sp. terhadap S. aureus pada konsentrasi 60% dan 90% masing-masing memiliki kekautan antibakteri termasuk kategori kuat dan sangat kuat, sedangkan terhadap E. coli pada konsentrasi 30% dan 60%, memiliki kekuatan antibakteri kategoti kuat sedangkan pada konsentrasi 90% memiliki kekuatan antibakteri kategori sangat kuat. Kata kunci : Schismatoglottis sp, Antibakteri, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli THE INHIBITION OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF Schismatoglottis sp. AGAINST BACTERIA Staphylococcus aureus AND Escherichia coli. ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the inhibition of ethanol extract of leaves Schismatoglottis sp. against S. aureus and E. coli. Inhibition of the ethanol extract of Schismatoglottis sp. against to bacterial using the Kirby-Bauer method, is the paper disk diffusion method. Schismatoglottis sp. ethanol extract inhibit the growth of S. aureus at a concentration of 60% and 90% inhibition zone with a diameter of 16.10 mm and 31.33 mm and against E. coli at a concentration of 30%, 60%, and 90% with inhibition zone diameter respectively 11, 72 mm, 16.38 mm and 29.27 mm. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract Schismatoglottis sp. against S. aureus at concentrations of 60% and 90% respectively have antibacterial kekautan categorized as strong and very strong, while against E. coli at a concentration of 30% and 60%, have a strong kategoti antibacterial strength while at a concentration of 90% has antibacterial strength very strong category. Keywords: Schismatoglottis sp, antibacterials, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.
INTERAKSI ANTARA MIKROBIOTA USUS DAN SISTEM KEKEBALAN TUBUH MANUSIA
Authors: Hasibuan Fitri Elizabrth Br , Kolondam Beivy Jonathan
Published: July 2019

INTERAKSI ANTARA MIKROBIOTA USUS DAN SISTEM KEKEBALAN TUBUH MANUSIA Fitri Elizabrth Br Hasibuan dan Beivy Jonathan Kolondam ABSTRAK Sejumlah besar mikrobiota yang menghuni sistem pencernaan manusia memiliki peran penting dengan sistem kekebalan tubuh. Mikrobiota ini melaksanakan fungsi penting untuk fisiologi inang. Dalam tubuh manusia terdapat sekitar 10-100 triliun mikrobiota. Jumlah mikrobioma pada manusia paling banyak terdapat di usus, yaitu sekitar 100 triliun sel-sel mikrobiota yang terdiri dari 1.000 spesies berbeda. Mikrobiota adalah seluruh mikroba yang hidup di tubuh manusia yang terdiri dari bakteri, archae, virus, dan jamur yang pada umumnya hidup di setiap bagian tubuh manusia seperi kulit, vagina, hidung dan mulut. Bakteri pada mikrobioma manusia memiliki peran pada imunitas, nutrisi, dan perkembangan manusia. Di sini ditinjau tentang interaksi antara koloni mikroba dan sistem kekebalan tubuh dan implikasi dari temuan ini bagi kesehatan manusia. Kata-kata kunci: mikrobiota usus, sistem kekebalan tubuh, interaksi, bakteria.   INTERACTION BETWEEN GUT MICROBIOTA AND THE HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM ABSTRACT Most of the gut microbiota has important role in human immune system. These microbiota conducts important function for host physiology. The microbiota in the human body can range around 10 to 100 billion in number which contained 1,000 different species. Microbiota are the whole microbes living in human body such as bacteria, archaea, virus, and fungi, located on the skin or inside the vagina, nose and mouth. Bacteria in human microbiome has important roles in nutrition, immunity, and human development. This article discussed about interaction of microbes and immune system along with the implication of the interaction for human health. Keywords: Gut microbiota, immune system, interaction, bacteria
ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU BUNGA KRANS PADA USAHA BUNGA PLASTIK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY DAN METODE ECONOMIC PRODUCTION QUANTITY
Authors: Tipaka Yulin , Paendong Marline , Mongi Charles
Published: July 2019

ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU BUNGA KRANS PADA USAHA BUNGA PLASTIK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY DAN METODE ECONOMIC PRODUCTION QUANTITYABSTRAK Bunga Krans merupakan suatu karangan bunga berbentuk lonjong dan sebagainya untuk ucapan duka cita. Dalam usaha ini tidak sedikit permasalahan tentang meminimumkan biaya dengan mengendalikan prersediaan bahan baku. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menentukan jumlah pemesanan ekonomis menggunakan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) dan produksi optimal menggunakan metode Economic Produciton Quantity (EPQ) serta menentukan total persediaan minimum menurut EOQ dan EPQ. Dimana penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2017 hingga April 2017 di perusahaan Kembang Lineke, Girian, Bitung. Dengan variabel yang digunakan yaitu volume kebutuhan bahan baku, volume penyaluran bahan baku, biaya pemesanan bahan baku dan biaya penyimpanan bahan baku. Dari hasil dapat diketahui bahwa pemesanan  ekonomis menurut metode EOQ untuk masing-masing jenis bunga K5, K6 dan K10 yaitu 205,88 lusin, 220,09 lusin dan 266,96 lusin dengan biaya optimal semua jenis bunga sebesar Rp. 125.476.400 sedangkan produksi optimal menurut metode EPQ untuk jenis bunga K5, K6 dan K10 masing-masing sebesar 206,16 lusin, 220,4 lusin dan 267,32 lusin dengan biaya optimal untuk semua jenis bunga sebesar Rp. 125.336.630. Kata Kunci:  Bunga Krans,   Economic Order Quantity (EOQ),  Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) RAW MATERIAL INVENTORY CONTROL ANALYSIS OF FUNERAL WREATH ON PLASTIC FLOWER BUSINESS USING ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY METHOD AND ECONOMIC PRODUCTION QUANTITY METHODABSTRACT           Funeral wreath is an oval-shaped bouquet or so on used for show greeting or grieving. In this business there are not only a few problems about minimizing costs by controlling raw material inventory. The purpose of this research is to determine the amount of economic order using Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method and optimum production using Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) method, also to determine the total minimum inventory according to those methods. Where this research was conducted in February 2017 until April 2017 at company Flower Lineke, Girian, Bitung. With variables used are the volume of raw material demand, the volume of raw material distribution, ordering cost and holding cost. From the results it can be seen that economical order according to EOQ method for each type of interest K5, K6 and K10 is 205,88 dozen, 220,09 dozen and 266,96 dozen with optimal cost of all type of interest equal to rp.125,476,400 while the optimum production according to EPQ method for k5, k6, k10, respectively for 206,16 dozen 220,4 dozen and 267,32 dozen with optimal cost for all kinds of interest Rp. 125.336.630. Keywords:  Funeral Wreath,   Economic Order Quantity (EOQ),   Economic Production Quantity (EPQ)
KANDUNGAN SERAT KASAR DARI BAKASANG IKAN TUNA (Thunnus sp.) PADA BERBAGAI KADAR GARAM, SUHU DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI
Authors: Korompot Abdul R.H. , Fatimah Feti , Wuntu Audy D.
Published: July 2019

KANDUNGAN SERAT KASAR DARI BAKASANG IKAN TUNA (Thunnus sp.) PADA BERBAGAI KADAR GARAM, SUHU DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI ABSTRAKBakasang ikan tuna adalah salah satu produk fermentasi yang umumnya dibuat dari jeroan ikan tuna dengan penambahan garam. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan Mengetahui kandungan serat kasar dari bakasang ikan tuna (Thunnus sp.) pada berbagai kondisi pengolahan. Kajian yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian analisis kadar serat kasar. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan bulan Januari sampai Maret di Laboratorium Biokimia Universitas Sam Ratulangi dan Laboratorium Badan Riset dan Standarisasi Industri Manado. Hasil terbaik kadar serat kasar bakasang ikan tuna dengan kadar garam terbaik kadar garam 30%, suhu 50oC dan waktu fermentasi 15 hari yaitu 1,0018% yang menunjukan kandungan gizi yang baik untuk kesehatan.Kata kunci : Ikan Tuna (Thunnus sp.), Gizi, Bakasang, Serat Kasar THE RIGHT FIBER CONTENT OF THE TUNA FISH BAKASANG (Thunnus sp.) ON VARIOUS CONDITIONS OF SALT, TEMPERATUREAND FERMENTATION TIMEABSTRACT Bakasang tuna is one of the fermentation products that are generally made from tuna innards by detailing the salt. Therefore, research is conducted with the aim of containing crude fiber content from tuna tuna (Thunnus sp.) In various processing conditions. The study included the testing of crude fiber content. The research has been conducted from January to March in the Biochemical Laboratory of Sam Ratulangi University and Laboratory of Manado Industry Research and Standards Agency. The best results of crude fiber content of tuna fish with salt content of 30% salt, 50oC temperature and fermentation time of 15 days is 1.0018% indicating good nutrition for health.Keyword: Tuna (Thunnus sp.), Nutrition, Bakasang, Rough Fiber
KELIMPAHAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROZOOBENTOS DI SUNGAI AIR TERJUN TUNAN, TALAWAAN, MINAHASA UTARA, SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Pelealu Grasideo V.E. , Koneri Roni , Butarbutar Regina Rosita
Published: July 2019

KELIMPAHAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROZOOBENTOS DI SUNGAI AIR TERJUN TUNAN, TALAWAAN, MINAHASA UTARA, SULAWESI UTARAABSTRAKMakrozoobentos merupakan organisme akuatik yang hidup di dasar perairan dengan pergerakan relatif lambat yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh substrat dasar serta kualitas perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman makrozoobentos yang terdapat di sungai air terjun Tunan, Desa Talawaan, Minahasa Utara, Sulawesi Utara. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada tiga stasiun. Stasiun 1 (Air Terjun Tunan), Stasiun 2 (Pintu masuk wisata), dan Stasiun 3 (Perkebunan). Pengambilan sampel makrozoobentos menggunakan metode purposive random sampling. Pengambilan sampel makrozoobentos di dasar perairan dengan menggunakan jaring surber yang berukuran ukuran 25 cm x 40 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukan makrozoobentos yang ditemukan di sungai air terjun Tunan terdiri dari 3 filum, 3 kelas, 10 bangsa, 20 suku, dan 23 marga serta 379 individu. Marga makrozoobentos yang sering di jumpai yaitu Hydropsyche dan Suku makrozoobentos yang paling sering dijumpai  yaitu suku Heptageniidae.  Indeks keanekaragaman makrozoobentos tertinggi pada stasiun 1 (2,69), kemudian diikuti oleh stasiun 2 (2,31) dan terendah pada stasiun 3 (1,94).Kata kunci: Air terjun Tunan, Indeks Keanekaragaman, Makrozoobentos  ABUNDANCE  AND DIVERSITY OF MACROZOOBENTOS IN TUNAN WATERFALL RIVER, TALAWAAN, NORTH MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI ABSTRACTMacrozoobenthos are aquatic organisms that live at the bottom of the waters with relatively slow movements that are strongly influenced by the basic substrate and the quality of the waters. This study aims to analyze the diversity of macrozoobenthos in the Tunan waterfall river, Talawaan Village, North Minahasa, North Sulawesi. Sampling was carried out at three stations. Station 1 (Tunan Waterfall), Station 2 (tourist entrance), and Station 3 (Plantation). Macrozoobenthos samples were taken using purposive random sampling method. Taking macrozoobenthos samples at the bottom of the water using a surber net measuring 25 cm x 40 cm. The results showed that macrozoobenthos found in the Tunan waterfall river consist of 3 phylum, 3 classes, 10 ordo, 20 familia, and 23 genus and 379 individuals. Macrozoobenthic genus that are often encountered are Hydropsyche and the most common macrozoobenthic classis, the Heptageniidae classis. The highest macrozoobenthos diversity index at station 1 (2.69), followed by station 2 (2.31) and the lowest at station 3 (1.94). Keywords: Tunan Waterfall,  Diversity Index, Macrozoobentos
Nanoscale spatial mapping of mechanical properties through dynamic atomic force microscopy
Authors: Abooalizadeh Zahra , Sudak Leszek Josef , Egberts Philip
Published: July 2019

Dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to spatially map the elastic modulus of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), specifically by using force modulation microscopy (FMM) and contact resonance (CR) AFM. In both of these techniques, a variation in the amplitude signal was observed when scanning over an uncovered step edge of HOPG. In comparison, no variation in the amplitude signal was observed when scanning over a covered step on the same surface. These observations qualitatively indicate that there is a variation in the elastic modulus over uncovered steps and no variation over covered ones. The quantitative results of the elastic modulus required the use of FMM, while the CR mode better highlighted areas of reduced elastic modulus (although it was difficult to convert the data into a quantifiable modulus). In the FMM measurements, single atomic steps of graphene with uncovered step edges showed a decrease in the elastic modulus of approximately 0.5%, which is compared with no change in the elastic modulus for covered steps. The analysis of the experimental data taken under varying normal loads and with several different tips showed that the elastic modulus determination was unaffected by these parameters.
Evolution of Magnetic Helicity in Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Pipin Valery V. , Pevtsov Alexei A. , Liu Yang , Kosovichev Alexander G.
Published: July 2019

We propose a novel approach to reconstruct the surface magnetic helicity density on the Sun or Sun-like stars. The magnetic vector potential is determined via decomposition of vector magnetic-field measurements into toroidal and poloidal components. The method is verified using data from a non-axisymmetric dynamo model. We apply the method to vector field synoptic maps from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory to study the evolution of the magnetic helicity density during solar cycle 24. It is found that the mean helicity density of the non-axisymmetric magnetic field of the Sun evolves in a way similar to that reported for the current helicity density of the solar active regions. It predominantly has a negative sign in the northern hemisphere, while it is mainly positive in the southern hemisphere. Also, the hemispheric helicity rule for the non-axisymmetric magnetic field showed the sign inversion at the end of cycle 24. The evolution of the magnetic helicity density of a large-scale axisymmetric magnetic field is different from what is predicted by dynamo theory. On one hand, the mean large- and small-scale components of magnetic helicity density display the hemispheric helicity rule of opposite signs at the beginning of cycle 24. However, later in the cycle, the two helicities exhibit the same sign, in contrast with theoretical expectations.
Active Galactic Nuclei in Dusty Starbursts at z = 2: Feedback Still to Kick in
Authors: Rodighiero G. , Enia A. , Delvecchio I. , Lapi A. , Magdis G. E. , Rujopakarn W. , Mancini C. , Rodríguez-Muñoz L. , Carraro R. , Iani E. , Negrello M. , Franceschini A. , Renzini A. , Gruppioni C. , Perna M. , Baronchelli I. , Puglisi A. , Cassata P. , Daddi E. , Morselli L. , Silverman J.
Published: July 2019

We investigate a sample of 152 dusty sources at 1.5 < z < 2.5 to understand the connection of enhanced star formation rate (SFR) and black hole accretion rate. The sources are Herschel-selected, having stellar masses M
* > 1010
M
⊙ and SFR (∼100–1000 M
⊙ yr−1) elevated (>4×) above the star-forming “main sequence,” classifying them as starbursts (SBs). Through a multiwavelength fitting approach (including a dusty torus component), we divided the sample into active SBs (dominated by an active galactic nucleus (AGN) emission, SBs-AGN, ∼23% of the sample) and purely star-forming SBs (SBs-SFR). We visually inspected their Hubble Space Telescope/ultraviolet (UV) rest frame maps: SBs-SFR are generally irregular and composite systems; ∼50% of SBs-AGN are instead dominated by regular compact morphologies. We then found archival Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array continuum counterparts for 33 galaxies (12 SBs-AGN and 21 SBs-SFR). For these sources we computed dust masses, and, with standard assumptions, we also guessed total molecular gas masses. SBs turn into gas-rich systems (f
gas = M
gas/(M
gas + M
*) ≃ 20%–70%), and the gas fractions of the two SB classes are very similar (f
gas = 43% ± 4% and f
gas = 42% ± 2%). Our results show that SBs are consistent with a mixture of: (1) highly star-forming merging systems (dominating the SBs-SFR) and (2) primordial galaxies, rapidly growing their M
* together with their black hole (mainly the more compact SBs-AGN). Feedback effects have not yet reduced their f
gas. Indeed, SBs at z = 2, with relatively low bolometric AGN luminosities in the range 1044 < L
bol(AGN) < 1046 erg s−1 (compared to bright optical and X-ray quasars), are still relatively far from the epoch when the AGN feedback will quench the SFR in the host and will substantially depress the gas fractions.
A First Search for Prompt Radio Emission from a Gravitational-wave Event
Authors: Callister Thomas A. , Anderson Marin M. , Hallinan Gregg , D’addario Larry R. , Dowell Jayce , Kassim Namir E. , W. Lazio T. Joseph , Price Danny C. , Schinzel Frank K.
Published: July 2019

Multimessenger observations of the binary neutron star merger GW170817 have enabled the discovery of a diverse array of electromagnetic counterparts to compact binary mergers, including an unambiguous kilonova, a short gamma-ray burst, and a late-time radio jet. Beyond these counterparts, compact binary mergers are additionally predicted to be accompanied by prompt low-frequency radio emission. The successful observation of a prompt radio counterpart would be immensely valuable, but is made difficult by the short delay between the gravitational-wave and prompt electromagnetic signals, as well as by the poor localization of gravitational-wave sources. Here, we present the first search for prompt radio emission accompanying a gravitational-wave event, targeting the binary black hole merger GW170104 detected by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo during their second (O2) observing run. Using the Owens Valley Radio Observatory Long Wavelength Array, we search a ∼900 deg2 region for transient radio emission within approximately one hour of GW170104, obtaining an upper limit of 2.5 × 1041 erg s−1 on its equivalent isotropic luminosity between 27 and 84 MHz. We additionally discuss plans to target binary neutron star mergers in Advanced LIGO and Virgo’s upcoming O3 observing run.
A glimpse in the dark? A first phylogenetic approach in a widespread freshwater snail from tropical Asia and northern Australia (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae)
Authors: Boonmekam Dusit , Krailas Duangduen , Gimnich France , Neiber Marco T. , Glaubrecht Matthias
Published: July 2019

Thiaridae are a speciose group of freshwater snails in tropical areas including a high number of described nominal taxa for which modern revisions are mostly lacking. Using an integrative approach, the systematic status of a group of thiarids from the Oriental region, including the nominal speciesMelaniaasperaandM.rudis, is reassessed on the basis of shell morphology and biometry, radula dentition patterns, and reproductive biology along with molecular genetic methods. Our results suggest that populations from the Oriental region cannot be distinguished on the basis of shell morphology, radula characters and their reproductive mode and are monophyletic based on mitochondrial sequences. Hence,M.rudiswithM.asperaare regarded as belonging to the same species along with several other nominal taxa that were previously included inM.rudis. Moreover, populations from Thailand and Australia, from where the species was not previously recorded, could be shown to form a monophyletic group together with samples from Indonesia. However, a generic affiliation withThiara, in which the investigated taxa were often included in the past, was not supported in our phylogenetic analyses, highlighting the need for a comprehensive revision of the genus-group systematics of Thiaridae as a whole.
Récits d’enfants sur leur constellation familiale : les liens relationnels au sein des familles lesboparentales avec donneur connu au Québec
Authors: Côté Isabel , Trottier-Cyr Renée-Pier , Lavoie Kévin , Pagé Geneviève , Dubeau Diane
Published: July 2019

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude québécoise portant sur les constellations familiales de vingt et un enfants de mères lesbiennes conçus grâce au sperme d’un donneur connu, ainsi que des enfants de ces hommes. L’objectif est de comprendre les représentations de la famille et des liens de parenté qu’ont ces enfants. La méthodologie déployée s’appuie principalement sur une cartographie circulaire comme outil d’analyse sensible, permettant aux enfants d’identifier les personnes faisant partie de leur vie. Les résultats montrent que les représentations du donneur et sa place dans la constellation familiale varient selon l’enfant, en fonction de son âge, de la terminologie utilisée par ses mères pour désigner le donneur et de l’intégration de l’histoire de sa venue au monde.
Différences entre des profils des effets des maltraitances physiques et psychologiques sur le développement de l’enfant de moins de 3 ans en France
Authors: Govindama Yolande , Ledrait Alexandre , Charlet Agnès , Garba Abdourhamane Mamoudou
Published: July 2019

Cette recherche comparative traite des effets des maltraitances sur le développement de l’enfant de moins de 3 ans. Trente-neuf enfants dont 21 maltraités psychologiquement et 18 maltraités physiquement ont été évalués à partir de l’analyse des dossiers, du test du Brunet-Lézine révisé (BLR-II) et de la Mallette projective première enfance (MPPE). Le quotient de développement général des enfants physiquement maltraités est homogène mais inférieur à celui qui présente un profil hétérogène au profit du quotient postural mais au détriment du quotient langagier. Si les deux groupes présentent un état de stress post-traumatique, les profils défensifs, les troubles du comportement et les jeux traumatiques mis en scène varient en fonction du type de maltraitance.
Procédés cycliques dans la musique de chambre de Joaquín Turina : l’exemple des Quintette op. 1 et Sextuor avec piano op. 7
Authors: Etcharry Stéphan
Published: July 2019

Entre 1905 et 1913, le jeune Sévillan Joaquín Turina décide de venir se perfectionner à Paris en suivant notamment les cours de composition d’Auguste Sérieyx et de Vincent d’Indy à la Schola Cantorum. La « forme cyclique » représente dans sa musique l’un des traits stylistiques directement hérités de la pédagogie scholiste de ce tout premier xx e  siècle. Le corpus de musique de chambre choisi permet d’étudier la manière dont évolue l’attitude du compositeur face au traitement du procédé cyclique. En effet, si l’opus 1 de 1907 s’engouffre aveuglément dans la brèche de la pensée de la Schola, mettant en application les préceptes professés par Sérieyx et d’Indy, l’opus 7 de 1912 témoigne en revanche d’un premier stade de décantation du langage qui s’accompagne notamment d’une pénétration plus affirmée de la couleur et du paysage andalou, dans un geste quasi impressionniste.
Votre enfant chante à l’école ?… Eh bien, dansons maintenant !
Authors: Berlioz-Ruffiot Anne
Published: July 2019

En tant qu’enseignante spécialisée, je suis sollicitée par les enseignants d’écoles maternelles et élémentaires, pour les enfants en difficultés scolaires ou comportementales (manque de concentration, de cadre, d’autonomie, de confiance en eux, agressivité, etc.) avec le mandat institutionnel d’impliquer les familles. Quelle lecture opérationnelle choisir de la situation ? Comment entraîner enfant et parents, qui ne sont pas à l’origine de la demande, dans cette fameuse « danse » susceptible de conduire au changement ? Quel type de danse leur proposer ? J’exposerai les grandes lignes de ma démarche avant de proposer une rapide classification du type d’outils ou « pas de danse » que j’utilise.
Les jeunes au cœur de la « coparentalité satisfaisante » après la séparation parentale
Authors: Stolnicu Alexandra , Hendrick Stéphan
Published: July 2019

L’objectif de notre étude est d’enrichir la compréhension du concept de coparentalité « satisfaisante » post-rupture conjugale. En essayant de répondre à la question suivante : Comment les adolescents vivent la qualité de la relation coparentale de leurs parents après la séparation conjugale ? Nous avons analysé le vécu de cinq jeunes issus de deux couples parentaux hétérosexuels séparés. L’analyse phénoménologique interprétative – IPA (Smith et coll., 2009) nous a permis de dégager deux thèmes principaux qui semblent décrire la manière dont les adolescents vivent la qualité de la relation coparentale de leurs parents après la séparation conjugale : le vécu de la dynamique familiale et la satisfaction de leurs besoins spécifiques.
An integrated model for process parameter adjustment to recover throughput shortage in semiconductor assembly: A case study
Authors: Kok Hoe Ho , Prakash Joshua , Kamaruddin Shahrul , Kok Seng Ong
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Existing productivity improvements activities such as inventory buffer, overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) and total productive maintenance (TPM) do not analytically associate the throughput shortage with process parameters. The paper aims to develop and test an integrated model to recover the throughput shortage through process parameters adjustment in a semiconductor assembly.Design/methodology/approach: The mathematical model of planned throughput is developed as a function of input parameters in an integrated multiple process line. When the planned throughput does not meet the real-time throughput, the throughput shortage occurs. The planned throughput for the next day is summed with the throughput shortage from previous day and mathematical programming is used to find the optimum process parameter values. Findings: The throughput shortage is restored using mathematical programming for the subsequent day of planning. If there still exist throughput shortage, the additional throughput shortage will be carried forward for the subsequent day of planning where mathematical programming is used again to find the adjusted process parameters. The proposed optimization model in essentially a parametric model using input parameters of real-time data based on a normal distribution that is translated into a range of minimum and maximum using 95% confidence interval.Research limitations/implications: The adjusted input parameters in this model is based on the cycle time of three processes which are Die Attach, Wire Bond and Pre-Cap Inspection. Downtime and setup time are not subjected to adjustments.Practical implications: The mathematical programming computes optimum process parameters values to restore the throughput shortage where it correlates the process parameters and throughput shortage quantitatively rather than conventional method of throughput shortage recovery.Originality/value: The research addresses the process parameter adjustment to recover the throughput shortage in integrated multiple processes.
Development of Grade 10 Students’ Scientific Argumentation through the Science-Technology-Society Learning Unit on Work and Energy
Authors: Pimvichai Jirutthitikan , Buaraphan Khajornsak , Yuenyong Chokchai
Published: July 2019

This study aims to examine the effect of Science-Technology-Society (STS) learning unit on the Work and Energy topic in developing grade 10 students’ scientific argumentation. The research participants were 20 grade 10 students at one secondary school located in Khon Kaen province, the Northeastern region of Thailand. The students’ tasks, discourse and informal interview were collected and interpreted according to the Toulmin’s Argument Pattern (TAP) framework. The findings revealed that the STS learning unit on Work and Energy could promote the participating students’ scientific argumentation. That is, the students could generate more quality and effective scientific argumentation according to the TAP framework. There was a high number of quality scientific argumentation regarding Warrants, Qualifiers and Backing especially in the Decision Making and Socialization stages of STS approach. Also, the students normally applied their scientific understanding in creating their Grounds. The implication of this study in designing the appropriate STS workshop for training in-service science teachers to be able to understand about the STS approach and how to apply the STS approach in helping their students develop scientific argumentation.
Challenges of Treating Mental Health Issues in Correctional Settings
Authors: Kucirka Brenda G. , Ramirez Jeffery
Published: July 2019

The current article explores the challenges of correctional nursing and provides implications for nursing practice and advocacy for optimal outcomes for incarcerated individuals with mental illness. The role of the nurse as advocate and educator is discussed. Opportunities for changing the conversation that addresses the criminalization of mental illness, stigma, and social policy is presented as a path forward. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 57
(7), 7–12.]
Influencing Mental Health and Well-Being of Older Adults Through Advocacy: Beyond the Bedside
Authors: Falk Nancy L. , Taylor-Schiller Claire
Published: July 2019

Estimates indicate that approximately 20% of adults 65 and older have one or more mental health or substance use conditions. As caregivers, mental health nurses are natural advocates for older patients facing mental health challenges in the clinical environment. Substantive opportunities exist to shape older adult mental health and well-being through advocacy. Nurse advocates can be effective influencers helping address key challenges at the intersection of mental health, aging, and policy. Resource barriers such as workforce issues and funding challenges, coupled with the stigma associated with mental health, are three of the many areas where nurses can advocate to make a positive difference in the lives of older adults. By becoming active and engaged in advocacy opportunities that effect positive change, beyond the bedside, nurses influence older adult mental health at the population level. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 57
(7), 13–15.]
Estimación de los costes de construcción de viviendas rústicas mediante Redes Neuronales Artificiales
Authors: Coloma J. F. , Valverde L. R. , García M.
Published: July 2019

La Administración Pública y el promotor privado buscan tener un conocimiento previo de los costes de cualquier edificación. Existen en la literatura numerosas metodologías que permiten realizar la valoración de un inmueble, pero siempre se ha realizado para viviendas urbanas en ciudades grandes o medianas. Esta investigación propone el uso de Inteligencia Artificial para el estudio de viviendas rústicas en pequeñas ciudades como la de Cáceres (España). La investigación propone un procedimiento de Redes Neuronales Artificiales (RNA) para conseguir por un lado estimar a través de un método automático el coste de construcción de la vivienda rústica y por otro, identificar los atributos más determinantes en su precio final. La RNA diseñada establece como variables más influyentes en el precio final del inmueble los espacios húmedos (baños y cocina), la superficie construida y la antigüedad por este orden, diferenciándose de las variables más determinantes en el precio de las viviendas urbanas en grandes o medianas ciudades que son la superficie construida y su ubicación.
Innovation Concept Challenges
Authors: Jamil George Leal
Published: July 2019

What is innovation? In this chapter, an objective search for the basics on innovation concept is held, allowing its definition, but also producing a background covering its relationships with other management concepts. This study, which starts with a theoretical search for innovation and innovation management concepts, evolving to practical observation of cases and market aspects—such as the startups phenomenon—aims to allow a better comprehension on how innovation can be achieved by small and medium-sized enterprises, regarded as dynamic market agents, active in practically every open economy model in the world. As a result, a conceptual network is proposed, serving both SMEs, to comprehend how innovation is reached and developed for the market, and also contributing to the discussion around its perspectives, as it was approached by other authors in this book.