bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of a few repeating stereosequences on electrical space charge behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Guarrotxena Nekane , Retes Jesus , Agnel Serge , Toureille Alain
Published: February 2009

Three films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (samples X, Y, and Z) were prepared by compression molding of purified polymers as polymers having different tacticities. They were exhaustively characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy so as to be able to evaluate the differences in content of the repeating stereosequences:…mmrm… (termini of isotactic sequences); ….rrrmr (breaking off syndiotactic sequences; pure heterotactic …mrmr… moistures; and atactic parts. By applying the so‐called thermal step method, the behavior in space charge showed a priority charge injection from both electrodes and some polarization at the cathode. Some strong differences between the samples were evidenced and they accurately agree with the variations in the above repeating stereosequences for the samples. The results allow to define every stereosequence as specific trap of the distinct sorts of space charge, namely injection from the anode or the cathode and polarization. These attributions are common with those proposed for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly(propylene) (PP) in earlier work. Conversely, whether the priority charge is of injection or polarization type, depends markedly on the type of polymer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 633–639, 2009
Actigraphic assessment of daily sleep–activity pattern abnormalities reflects self‐assessed depression and anxiety in outpatients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Du‐Quiton Jovelyn , Wood Patricia A. , Burch James B. , Grutsch James F. , Gupta Digant , Tyer Kevin , Lis Christopher G. , Levin Robert D. , Quiton Dinah Faith T. , Reynolds Justin L. , Hrushesky William J. M.
Published: February 2009

Objectives: We measured subjectively evaluated depression and anxiety, and objectively measured daily sleep–activity patterns in inpatients and outpatients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and determined whether cancer‐associated depression and anxiety are accompanied by characteristic circadian rhythm abnormalities.

Methods: Equal numbers of inpatients (n=42) and outpatients (n=42) with advanced NSCLC were studied. Baseline depression and anxiety, assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and actigraphy were recorded before chemotherapy initiation. The effects of the presence and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on depression, anxiety, and actigraphy were assessed only among the 42 outpatients.

Results: Anxiety occurred in 40% and depression in 25% of these lung cancer patients, equally among inpatients and outpatients. All patients suffer extremely disturbed daily sleep–activity cycles but each patient also maintains some degree of circadian organization. Outpatients maintain more robust daily activity patterns and longer, more consolidated nighttime sleep compared with inpatients. The more disrupted the daily sleep–activity rhythm, the worse the depression and/or anxiety scores for outpatients. These relationships are obscured among inpatients. COPD has no independent measurable effects on the daily organization of sleep–activity, depression, or anxiety.

Conclusions: Lung cancer patients whose diurnal activity is disturbed by prolonged and frequent sedentary episodes and whose sleep is disturbed by frequent and prolonged waking are most anxious and depressed. These findings and relationships are masked by hospitalization. Since diurnal exercise improves both sleep and mood, it is reasonable to test whether enhancing daytime activity and nighttime sleep can diminish cancer‐associated depression. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suspension Structure Effects on Transmission Fluctuation Spectrometry with Autocorrelation: Theoretical Prediction, Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification
Authors: Guo Xiaoai , Riebel Ulrich
Published: February 2009

The spatial structure of particle suspensions changes gradually with the particle concentration or monolayer density, and hence, affects the statistical properties of the transmission fluctuations. The changes of the suspension structure can be traced back to the concentration dependent changes in the structure of particle monolayers by using the layer model.

In the present paper, transmission fluctuation signals of radiation through a monolayer of monodisperse, opaque, hard spherical particles are investigated by the autocorrelation technique in the time domain, mathematically expressed in terms of the expectancy of the transmission product (ETP). By changing the autocorrelation time, a transmission fluctuation spectrum is obtained and can be applied to perform particle size analysis. Due to the fact that the ETP and the expectancy of the transmission (ET) are measurable directly from the experiments, the corresponding transmission fluctuation correlation properties are characterized by a transition function, H, which is defined as H = lnETP/lnET for practical purposes.

By using the direct correlation function proposed in a previous paper, the theory of transmission fluctuation spectrometry with the autocorrelation technique (TFS‐AC) is extended to high particle concentrations or monolayer densities. In order to observe the effect of the monolayer density on the spatial structure of the monolayer, some numerical simulations are performed on the TFS‐AC. Measurements on a flowing suspension of large particles are carried out using a narrow focused beam of the He‐Ne laser. The experimental results are found to be in agreement with the theoretical prediction and numerical simulations on the transition function over a wide range of monolayer densities. All of these considerations are based to date on the assumptions of geometrical ray propagation and monodisperse, opaque, hard spheres.
Assessing the Reliability of Particle Number Density Measurements Obtained by Image Analysis
Authors: Larsen Paul A. , Rawlings James B.
Published: February 2009

Particle number density measurements obtained by image analysis are biased by edge effects and particle overlap. This paper presents an estimator for particle number density that accounts for both edge effects and particle overlap. Using the output of advanced image analysis applied to artificial images, the estimator is shown to enable effective estimation of particle number density for monodisperse particulate systems at high densities. This paper also proposes a single dimensionless number that correlates with the reliability of the inferred PSD based on the likely number of overlaps per particle. As this dimensionless group becomes large, the degree of overlap and occlusion in the images makes image analysis difficult and unreliable. This parameter can aid practitioners in finding the proper sampling conditions to obtain accurate PSD measurements.
Electrical properties of Ge nanocrystals grown in a SiO2 matrix using MeV electron beam irradiation
Authors: Kim D. H. , Cho H. Y. , Yang W.‐C. , Han Y. H. , Lee B. C.
Published: February 2009

The structural and electrical properties of Ge nanocrystals (Ge‐NCs) grown in a SiO2 matrix using high energy electron beam irradiation are investigated. The Ge‐NCs in a SiO2 were formed by irradiation of the electron beam on a tri‐layers (SiO2(20 nm)/Ge(5 nm)/SiO2(10 nm)) grown on a Si(001) substrate and followed by annealing. For a sample exposed in the atmosphere by electron beam with energy of 1 MeV and a dose of ∼5 × 1016 e/cm2, and then annealed at 700 °C for 10 min, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurement revealed the formation of Ge‐NCs with average size of ∼20 nm in a SiO2 matrix. For a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structure synthesized by Al deposition on the top of the sample, the capacitance–voltage (C –V) measurements showed the hysteresis loops with a flatband voltage shift (ΔVFB) of ∼5.0 V, which would originate mainly from Ge‐NCs as the charge storage nodes. In contrast, for a sample annealed at above 900 °C for 10 min without electron beam irradiation, we could obtain a similar hysteresis loop of ∼4.0 V. This indicates that the e‐beam irradiation process can lead to temperature reduction of ∼200 °C for Ge‐NCs formation by annealing process. We propose that the temperature reduction would result from crystallity enhancement of Ge layers in the initial stage of Ge‐NCs formation due to Ge atomic displacements induced by the high energy electron beam. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spin‐flip quenching in trion state mediated by optical phonons in a single quantum dot
Authors: Kumano H. , Ekuni S. , Kobayashi H. , Sasakura H. , Suemune I. , Adachi S. , Muto S.
Published: February 2009

High degree of preservation of spin states mediated by optical phonons is demonstrated with a positive trion state in a single quantum dot. At the optical phonon resonance, suppression of spin relaxation is clearly identified as dip structures in photoluminescence excitation spectra under cross‐circularly polarize detection with respect to a pumping. As a result, distinguishably high degree of circular polarization up to ∼0.85 is achieved in the absence of external magnetic field, which is not the case for neutral excitons with finite fine structure splitting. The absence of continuum states plays a crucial role for this observation. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of strain on the band gap energy of wurtzite InN
Authors: Schley P. , Goldhahn R. , Gobsch G. , Feneberg M. , Thonke K. , Wang X. , Yoshikawa A.
Published: February 2009

Degenerate wurtzite InN films with electron concentrations in the range of 1018 cm–3 were studied by using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) in two spectral ranges. The analysis of the frequencies of the coupled phonon‐plasmon modes in the mid‐infrared region allows the determination of the plasma frequency and thus of the carrier density in the bulk of the samples. SE from the near‐infrared to the visible range provides the dielectric function (DF) around the absorption edge. The electron concentration as an important input parameter enables accurate determination of Burstein–Moss shift and band‐gap renormalization for the analysis of the imaginary part of the DF. Taking into account the in‐plane strain of the films, which is caused by lattice mismatch between InN and buffer/substrate, we obtain a zero‐density strain‐free band gap of 0.675 eV at room temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cu‐induced poly‐Si/SiO2/α‐Si multilayer film with high reflectivity across the whole visible band
Authors: Zhang Wenyan , Li Dejie , Wang Jian
Published: February 2009

A glass‐based poly‐Si/SiO2/α‐Si multilayer film with high reflectivity across the whole visible band is realized and reported in this letter, which could be used in plasma display panels to improve their luminescent efficiency. All the layers are deposited by dc sputtering at room temperature. The poly‐Si layer is formed by Cu‐induced α‐Si crystallization with crystallization degree of ∼73% and crystal grain size of ∼48 nm. With alternating high refractive index of α‐Si and poly‐Si and low refractive index of SiO2, the total reflectivity is higher than 60% across most of the whole visible band and ∼80% within the 400–700 nm range.

magnified image

(© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Single‐Molecule Experiments to Elucidate the Minimal Requirement for DNA Recognition by Transcription Factor Epitopes
Authors: Wollschläger Katrin , Gaus Katharina , Körnig André , Eckel Rainer , Wilking Sven‐David , McIntosh Matthew , Majer Zsuzsanna , Becker Anke , Ros Robert , Anselmetti Dario , Sewald Norbert
Published: February 2009

Interactions between proteins and DNA are essential for the regulation of cellular processes in all living organisms. In this context, it is of special interest to investigate the sequence‐specific molecular recognition between transcription factors and their cognate DNA sequences. As a model system, peptide and protein epitopes of the DNA‐binding domain (DBD) of the transcription factor PhoB from Escherichia coli are analyzed with respect to DNA binding at the single‐molecule level. Peptides representing the amphiphilic recognition helix of the PhoB DBD (amino acids 190–209) are chemically synthesized and C‐terminally modified with a linker for atomic force microscopy–dynamic force spectroscopy experiments (AFM–DFS). For comparison, the entire PhoB DBD is overexpressed in E. coli and purified using an intein‐mediated protein purification method. To facilitate immobilization for AFM–DFS experiments, an additional cysteine residue is ligated to the protein. Quantitative AFM–DFS analysis proves the specificity of the interaction and yields force‐related properties and kinetic data, such as thermal dissociation rate constants. An alanine scan for strategic residues in both peptide and protein sequences is performed to reveal the contributions of single amino acid residues to the molecular‐recognition process. Additionally, DNA binding is substantiated by electrophoretic mobility‐shift experiments. Structural differences of the peptides, proteins, and DNA upon complex formation are analyzed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. This combination of techniques eventually provides a concise picture of the contribution of epitopes or single amino acids in PhoB to DNA binding.
Large-area bi-component processing of organic semiconductors by spray deposition and spin coating with orthogonal solvents
Authors: Treossi Emanuele , Liscio Andrea , Feng Xinliang , Palermo Vincenzo , Müllen Klaus , Samorì Paolo
Published: February 2009

Micrometre-thick uniform layers of a polymeric semiconductor (poly(3-hexylthiophene), P3HT) have been fabricated from solution by spray deposition making use of a commercial airbrush. Multi-scale characterization by optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed the formation of smooth layers featuring reproducible patterns of spatially correlated micron-sized holes. This morphology was found to be uniform over the whole sample surface, on millimetre scale. On this micro-patterned P3HT layer an orthogonal solvent (i.e. a solvent which does not dissolve the P3HT) has been employed to deposit either by spin coating or by drop casting a second organic semiconductor. While spin-coated films exhibited nano-crystals of an alkylated perylene tetracarboxy diimide (PDI) preferentially grown into the micro-fabricated holes, drop-cast films displayed crystalline PDI fibres adsorbed on the patterned surface in random positions.
The influence of management practice on the spatial distribution of Lepidopteran pests in Brassica crops in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: implications for sequential sampling plans
Authors: Waters Edward Kyle , Hamilton Andrew John , Hepworth Graham , Kim H. J. , Pak W. S. , Furlong Michael John
Published: February 2009

Plutella xylostella and Pieris rapae are the key components of a pest complex that attacks Brassica crops in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK). We examined the spatial distributions of these insects within crops both as individual species and when combined as a standard insect that was derived from their relative feeding rates. The influence of standard co‐operative management practice and an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy on the dispersion of the standard insect was tested. Iwao's m* − m relation was then used to describe the distribution of standard insects by management categories and of Pieris rapae using all data. Pest management practices only affected the distribution of the species when they were combined into standard insects. Enumerative sampling plans were therefore designed for standard insects based on population data derived from IPM‐managed fields and for Pieris rapae from population data from all experimental fields. The presented plans have the potential to make a significant contribution to managing lepidopteran pests in the DPRK. The approach will be useful in the design of sequential sampling plans for other geographical regions where these pests co‐occur and can also contribute to the development of sequential sampling plans for other pest complexes for which standard insects can be derived.
Up‐regulation of CAR expression through Elk‐1 in HepG2 and SW480 cells by serum starvation stress
Authors: Osabe Makoto , Sugatani Junko , Takemura Akiko , Kurosawa Masatoshi , Yamazaki Yasuhiro , Ikari Akira , Miwa Masao
Published: February 2009

Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a transcription factor regulating the expression of several genes related to drug metabolism. CAR expression was elevated in human HepG2 and SW480 cells by serum starvation. From reporter gene assays, mutagenesis, RNA interference, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we identified the serum response element at −142/−139 in the CAR gene transactivated by Elk‐1. Whereas treatment with U0126 (ERK inhibitor) enhanced CAR expression, SP600125 (stress‐activated protein kinase inhibitor, SAPK) suppressed the phosphorylation of Elk‐1 caused by serum‐starvation stress and the elevation of CAR mRNA, suggesting that CAR expression may be mediated by phosphorylated Elk‐1 via the SAPK signaling pathway.
Holocene beaver damming, fluvial geomorphology, and climate in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming
Authors: Persico Lyman , Meyer Grant
Published: February 2009

We use beaver-pond deposits and geomorphic characteristics of small streams to assess long-term effects of beavers and climate change on Holocene fluvial activity in northern Yellowstone National Park. Although beaver damming has been considered a viable mechanism for major aggradation of mountain stream valleys, this has not been previously tested with stratigraphic and geochronologic data. Thirty-nine radiocarbon ages on beaver-pond deposits fall primarily within the last 4000 yr, but gaps in dated beaver occupation from ~ 2200–1800 and 950–750 cal yr BP correspond with severe droughts that likely caused low to ephemeral discharges in smaller streams, as in modern severe drought. Maximum channel gradient for reaches with Holocene beaver-pond deposits decreases with increasing basin area, implying that stream power limits beaver damming and pond sediment preservation. In northern Yellowstone, the patchy distribution and cumulative thickness of mostly < 2 m of beaver-pond deposits indicate that net aggradation forced by beaver damming is small, but beaver-enhanced aggradation in some glacial scour depressions is greater. Although 20th-century beaver loss and dam abandonment caused significant local channel incision, most downcutting along alluvial reaches of the study streams is unrelated to beaver dam abandonment or predates historic beaver extirpation.
Some Johannine ‘Herrnworte’ with Parallels in the Synoptic Gospels
Authors: Dodd C. H.
Published: February 2009

The question whether or not the Fourth Gospel is based upon the Synoptic Gospels has been discussed endlessly, and will no doubt continue to be discussed. The divergent conclusions which different critics draw from the same body of evidence (for it is seldom that really fresh evidence can be adduced) largely depend on their presuppositions. In particular, if the critic takes the view that the writings of the New Testament form a series of literary works in an orderly sequence of development, each depending on its predecessors and influencing its successors, even though some links in the chain may be lost, then wherever the contents of the Fourth Gospel coincide more or less with those of the Synoptic Gospels, he will be disposed, prima facie at least, to see an instance of a writer's use of written sources. Such was, in the main, the presupposition, even if not always the avowed presupposition, of nineteenth-century criticism of the Gospels, and it is by no means entirely abandoned. But the whole course which the investigation of the history and literature of primitive Christianity has followed in the period since the first world war has tended to weaken this presupposition. It suggests that the early Church was not as bookish a community as that, and it tends to emphasize the importance of oral tradition, not only in the dark years before any of the extant Christian writings appeared, but all through the New Testament period. It is not denied that in some cases New Testament writers were probably dependent on written sources, extant or lost, but it is no longer safe to entertain a general presumption that any coincidence of content is due to literary dependence. To prove such dependence some specific evidence is required—some striking or unexpected identity of language, for example, or some agreement in an apparently arbitrary arrangement of material. The question of the relation of John to the Synoptics needs to be closely re-examined from this point of view. In this article I propose to take, as specimens, four dominical sayings in the Fourth Gospel which have parallels in the Synoptics, and to ask whether, if there is no general presumption of literary indebtedness, the phenomena are such as to suggest indebtedness, or whether they rather point to independent use of a common oral tradition.
Discipleship and Belief in Jesus as Lord from Jesus to the Hellenistic Church
Authors: Schweizer E. , Peacock H. F.
Published: February 2009

The Church to which we are permitted to proclaim the Gospel is no longer the Palestinian Church of the time of Jesus, for whom the real goal of life was to pass safely through the judgement of God. Neither is the Church any longer that of the time of Luther, weighed down by its consciousness of sin and the medieval fear of judgement. Today the message of forgiveness of sins answers a question which, to a large extent, has disappeared from the consciousness of modern man. The modern world is, however, similar in many ways to the Hellenistic world into which the Christian message entered with the proclamation of Paul. The unity of heaven and earth, as it had been perceived in the classic period, is destroyed for the Hellenistic man. The world for him is controlled by powers and forces to which he has been handed over helpless. Ananke or Heimarmene (Fate or Destiny) determines everything and the action of the individual is incapable of altering their established course. The ever-repeated movement of the heavenly bodies, once conceived as the expression of divine harmony, awakens now the concept of a giant machine which mercilessly completes its revolution, deaf to the cries of men. Of course, the Stoic seeks to flee back into the old harmony between God and the world and for that reason declares the whole world to be his polis. But even he knows that everything in this polis is determined by the great powers, their mighty armies, and their modern weapons and no longer by his individual decision. Thus the desires and longings of the Hellenistic man are concentrated upon liberation from the demonic powers of this world and upon participation in the upper, godly world.
St Luke's Gospel and the Last Chapters of I Enoch
Authors: Aalen S.
Published: February 2009

That there is some sort of positive relationship between St Luke's Gospel and the last chapters of I Enoch has been observed before. But nobody seems to have investigated the matter more closely. It must, in my opinion, be very seriously considered whether this relationship is not of a direct literary character. The affinities concern the ‘peculiar material’ of Luke only. They become manifest to their full extent only by using the Greek text of the section of Enoch concerned.1 The Ethiopic text is in my estimation in several points corrupt and in its present state often obscures the original meaning.2
Paulus und die Heilsgeschichte: Schluβfolgerungen aus Röm. iv und I. Kor. x. 1–13
Authors: Goppelt Leonhard
Published: February 2009

Bei der Tagung der S.N.T.S. in Heidelberg 1965 behandelte eine Seminar-gruppe das erneut aktuelle Thema ‘Paulus und die Heilsgeschichte’. Die Gruppe, die von mir geleitet wurde, ging nicht von einer Diskussion des vieldeutigen und umstrittenen Begriffs ‘Heilsgeschichte’ aus, sondern versuchte den Sachverhalt, den er anspricht, zunächst an Röm. iv und I. Kor. x. 1–13 exegetisch zu klären. Erst auf Grund dieser exegetischen Auflockerung der Positionen wurde die Frage erörtert: In weichem Sinn ist die Betrachtungsweise, die diesen paulinischen Typologien zugrunde liegt, heilsgeschichtlich? Und zugleich: Können wir diese Betrachtungsweise nachvollziehen und Paulus seinem eigenen Denken gemäβ verstehen? Die Diskussion dieser Fragestellung wurde in der ersten und in der letzten Sitzung jeweils durch eines der Referate eingeleitet, die im folgenden zusammengefaβt und auf Grund der Diskussion redigiert wiedergegeben werden.
Evidences of a Second-Century Revised Edition of St Mark's Gospel
Authors: Linton Olof
Published: February 2009

Most modern editions of the New Testament have in Mark x. 46 the following reading: καὶ ἔρχονται εἰς ’׀εριχὼ καὶ ἐκπορευομένου αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ ’׀εριχὼ καὶ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ ὄχλου ἱκανοῦ ὁ νἱÒς Τιμαίου Bαρτίμαιος, τυφλὸς προσίτης, ἐκάθητο παρὰ τὴν ὁδὸν I do not think that there is any reason for not accepting this reading as the original one (although we can never be quite sure). But several variants are as I think of great interest for the history of the text. To begin with, D supported by 61 258 481 and Origen (partly) has ἔρχεται instead of ἔρχονται and this reading is also presupposed in many Old Latin MSS. (a b d ff i r: uenit). This alteration, which has many analogies, corresponds with the following ἐκπορευομένου. More important, however, is the continuation. There are many witnesses which instead of ἀπὸ ’׀εριχὼ have ἐκεῖθεν. This variant is also to be found in D and Latin MSS (a b d f ff i q r: inde), and is moreover supported by ϴ and 700, although these MSS have ἐκεῖθεν in another place, namely not until after the words τῶν μαθητῶν (αὐτοῦ). Another MS with many interesting readings, 565, has first ἀπὸ ’׀εριχώ and then later, in spite of this, ἐκεῖθεν. This last text is obviously a contamination of two readings, the original one with ἀπὸ ’׀εριχώ and a revised one with ἐκεῖθεν. For it is surely evident that ἐκεῖθεν was put in as an amendment, in order to avoid the repetition of the town-name. The presupposition then of course is that the Vorlage had this repetition. That is of some interest, as the words καὶ ἔρχονται εἰς ’׀εριχώ are missing in B prima manu (and 63). The revised text with ἐκεῖθεν thus can even help us to reconstruct the original text, as it can be booked here as a witness against B. How the text of B* is to be explained is another question, but it is near at hand to think that this is another amendment in order to avoid the repetition and to get a more apt beginning for the pericope.
Psalm 4243 Im Johannesevangelium
Authors: Beutler Johannes
Published: February 2009

Eine der drngendsten Aufgaben des Urchristentums bestand darin, dem Leiden und gewaltsamen Tode Jesu von Gott her einen Sinn abzugewinnen. Da Jesus, der Sohn Gottes und Messias, leiden mute, konnte dem Willen Gottes nicht zuwiderlaufen, soundern mute im Wort der Schrift des Alten Testaments bereits verankert sein. So wurden im Laufe der Zeit nicht nur Gesetz und Propheten (so etwa das vierte Gottesknechtslied Jes lii. 13 liii. 12), sondern auch die Psalmen dazu herangezogen, das Leiden des gerechten Gottesknechtes Jesus als von Gott gewollt verstndlich zu machen (vgl. Lk. xxiv. 27 mit xxiv. 44, wo die Psalmen ausdrcklich neben Gesetz und Propheten genannt werden). Eine besondere Bedeutung fiel dabei schon frh, d. h. schon im markinischen, wenn nicht vormarkinischen Passionsbericht, den Psalmen lxix (lxviii) und xxii (xxi) fr die theologische Deutung des Leidens Jesu zu. Doch gab es daneben auch andere Psalmen, in denen die Urkirche bereits prophetisch das Wort des leidenden Jesus vernahm. Zu ihnen zhlt Ps xlii (xli): Wie der Hirsch drstet nach Wasserquellen, zu dem nach der Auskunft der Alttestamentler Ps xliii (xlii) ursprnglich mit dazugehrte. Zusammen ergeben beide Psalmen drei Strophen von je sechs bzw. fnf Versen, die jeweils durch einen gleichlautenden Kehrvers abgeschlossen werden, dessen Anfang Eingang in die markinische Getsemaniperikope gefunden hat: ἵ , ( xli. 6, 12; xlii. 5) ἐ ἡ (Mk xiv. 34).
The Date of John's Apocalypse. The Evidence of some Roman Historians Reconsidered
Authors: Bell Albert A.
Published: February 2009

One of the thorniest questions in New Testament scholarship is the date of the composition of John's Apocalypse. Majority opinion now assigns that exotic book to the last decade of the first century A.D., ὸ , as Irenaeus says. But there are numerous problems with this date, and it is the contention of this study that the most natural date, the date indicated by the book itself and confirmed by outside sources, especially by the Roman historians of the early second century Tacitus, Suetonius and Plutarch is the period immediately following Nero's death in June of 68, that calamitous time known as the Year of the Four Emperors.
La Citation D'Habacuc II. 4 Et Les Huit Premiers Chapitres De L'Epitre Aux Romains
Authors: Feuillet A.
Published: February 2009

Le texte d'Habacuc (ii. 4.): ó δίκαιος έκ πίστεως ήσεται semble avoir joué un grand role dans la réflexion théologique de saint Paul: it apparaît d'abord en Gal. iii. 11, puis en Rom. i. 17; et les deux fois comme une sorte de résumé de la doctrine paulinienne sur la foi. C'est à déterminer son importance pour l'intelligence de Rom. i-viii qu'est consacrée la présente monographie.
St John on Patmos
Authors: Sanders J. N.
Published: February 2009

The purpose of this paper is to discuss some aspects of the—to me—perennially fascinating problem of the Johannine literature: in particular of the relationship of the Gospel, the Epistle and the Apocalypse; and to put forward some rather speculative views of my own—though they are not wholly original—which owe their origin to some ideas I have had about the John who on the island of Patmos saw the Apocalypse. Who was he, and why was he there? What, if anything, had he to do with the Gospel and the Epistle? In the course of some twenty-five years' study of the Johannine literature, desultory though it has inevitably been, I have gradually become convinced that the problem cannot be solved piecemeal, and that any theory designed to account for the Gospel must be applicable also to the Epistle and the Apocalypse, and vice versa. And I may as well lay my cards on the table, and state the view which I have been led to hold.
The Eucharist in the Fourth Gospel
Authors: Macgregor G. H. C.
Published: February 2009

It is surprising that the Fourth Evangelist, with his marked interest in the symbolical, should have omitted from his account of the Last Supper all reference to the Eucharist. Yet the instinct of the Church has rightly seen in ‘John’ (whoever be the person behind the name) the supreme New Testament teacher on the sacraments. Time and again, sometimes with hints that are not always obvious save to those who have insight into his mind and methods, he points his readers to the two great sacraments of the Church. It is with good reason that medieval artists are wont to portray Peter carrying the keys, Paul the sword, but John the sacramental cup.
‘To the Hebrews’ or ‘To the Essenes’?
Authors: Bruce F. F.
Published: February 2009

The purpose of this paper1is to survey most of the lines along which, in recent years, attempts have been made to establish a relationship between the addressees of the Epistle to the Hebrews and the Essene movement in general or the Qumran community in particular, and to suggest what, in fact, these attempts amount to.
Der Katechon
Authors: Betz Otto
Published: February 2009

Tό κατέχξον οιδατε schrieb Paulus in seinem zweiten Briefe nach Thessalonich: seine Gemeinde kannte die geheimnivolle Kraft, die den Gang der letzten Dinge noch aufhielt. Dagegen sieht sich der Exeget, dem statt der Kenntnis em Rätsel geblieben ist, eher mit Augustin zurn Geständnis genötigt: ‘Ego prorsus quid dixerit (sc. Paulus) me fateor ignorare.’1
The New Testament in The Nag Hammadi Gospel of Philip
Authors: Wilson R. McL.
Published: February 2009

The purpose of this paper is to examine, so far as may be done in brief compass, the New Testament echoes and allusions in the Gnostic Gospel of Philip discovered at Nag Hammadi.1 These echoes and allusions are fairly numerous, although not always easy to detect. In some cases, indeed, what appears to one scholar a clear and unmistakable echo may to another seem quite insignificant. To take but two examples, when we read ‘Then the slaves will be free, and the captives delivered’ (133. 28–9 Labib), are we to think of Luke iv. 18? Or Rom. vii. 23? Or of Eph. iv. 8? Does a contrast of slave and son, with a reference to inheritance in the context, of necessity indicate a knowledge of Gal. iv. 7? As it happens, there is other evidence for the author's knowledge of three at least of these four books, and possibly for the fourth.
A Note on the Gospel of Truth (33. 8–9)
Authors: Wilson R. McL.
Published: February 2009

The GospeJ of Truth is by no means a simple text, either to translate or to understand. Some passages indeed have so far resisted the united efforts of those who have set their hands to the task of translation and interpretation, and this is particularly true of the four Cairo pages, recently published by Messrs Rascher of Zürich in a format to match the original Luxusausgabe of 1956 1.
Purpose and Pattern in Matthew's Use of the Title ‘Son of David’
Authors: Gibbs James M.
Published: February 2009

Why does the tide ‘Son of David’ occur more frequently in Matthew than in the other Gospels? Do these more numerous references serve any real purpose in Matthew? It is not enough merely to say that they occur because the First Gospel was written by a Jewish Christian (or Christians), for the Fourth Gospel does not have the phrase at all. Other than the discussion of Christ's Davidic sonship which is to be found in all three of the Synoptic Gospels (Matt. xxii. 41–5; Mark xii. 35–37a; Luke xx. 41–4), Mark, followed by Luke-Acts, has the phrase ‘Son of David’ only in the twofold appeal to Jesus for healing by a single blind beggar (Mark x. 47, 48; Luke xviii. 37, 39). Matthew, on the other hand, calls Jesus the Son of David in his opening sentence (i. I), follows it up with a genealogy to prove it (i. 2–16), alludes to it at least twice more in the infancy narrative (i. 20 ii. 6), and records the title as related to Jesus during his ministry seven times in the mouths of others on five separate occasions (ix. 27; xii. 23; xv. 22; xx. 30, 31; xxi. 9, 15) where, as will be shown, it is used messianically.
The Old Testament Citations in Hebrews
Authors: Thomas Kenneth J.
Published: February 2009

The textual origin of the O.T. citations in Hebrews has long been an enigma. From the time the texts of the two principal witnesses to the LXX, LXXAand LXXB, became available in the early part of the nineteenth century, it has been observed that the text of the citations in Hebrews does not exactly correspond to either. F. Bleek, who was evidently the first to make a systematic textual study of these citations, concluded that the author of Hebrews used a recension closely related to LXXA. Most commentators since have concluded that some text of the LXX was used, variously explaining variations from it as due to citation from memory, intentional adaptations by the author, and errors of transcription in his manuscript. Others have suggested that the citations were taken from a lost version of the Greek O.T. or from liturgical sources.
Luke and the Fourth Evangelist
Authors: Parker Pierson
Published: February 2009

There are many ways in which the Fourth Gospel can be compared with the Synoptics. One may, for example, set John over against the others as a group. One notes the resemblances, but more especially the contrasts, between John and the others in respect to chronology, geography, miracle, Jesus' discourses, Christology, and so on. Most of these differences are obvious even to the casual reader, and they will be found tabulated in almost any good introduction to the Fourth Gospel.
L'Enfance de Jean-Baptiste selon Luc I
Authors: Benoit Père Pierre
Published: February 2009

Luc a-t-il puisé ses informations sur l'enfance de Jean-Baptiste dans un document provenant de cercles johannites, disciples du Précurseur? Beaucoup le pensent, et cette opinion se Présente volontiers comme une solution acquise, qui n'a plus besoin d'être prouvée.1. Il me semble pourtant qu'elle est discutable et je me propose dans cette communication de l'examiner.
Neue Neutestamentliche Papyri
Authors: Aland Kurt
Published: February 2009

In den letzten 30 Jahren sind viermal Repertorien der literarischen Papyri verffentlicht worden: von Oldfather 1923, von Reggers 1942, von Giabbani 1947 und von Pack 1952, ein Zeichen dafr, da, die Neigung, die sogenannten literarischen Papyri von der Papyruskunde auszuschlieen (W. Schubart) geringer geworden ist. So verschieden diese Zusammenstellungen nach Herkunft und Art sind, in einem sind sie sich jedoch gleich: keine von ihnen verzeichnet christliche literarische Papyri.! Die ersten drei gehen stillschweigend ber sie hinweg und begrnden es nicht einmal, weshalb sie von ihnen ausgelassen sind. Pack schreibt, er habe sie nicht aufgenommen, well sie zu den klassischen Texten nicht passen wὓrden. Zu beidem ist ein Kommentar wohl nicht ntig. Wie schwierig es meist ist, die in den Katalogen oft nur mit dem lakonischen Zusatz christlich versehenen Fragmente zu identifizieren, ist bekannt. Welche Bedeutung den Papyri jedoch fr manche altchristliche Schrift zukommt, beweist z. B. die soeben in den Griechischen Christlichen Schriftstellern erschienene neue Ausgabe des Hirten des Hermas von Molly Whittaker (Nottingham). Auer dem bekannten Papyrus Michigan 129, dem dritten Hauptzeugen fr den griechischen Text, konnten dabei noch zwlf andere Papyri bzw. Papyrusfragmente fr die Ausgabe benutzt werden. Hier handelt es sich jedoch, was die Erschlieung und Heranziehung der Papyri fr patristische Editionen betrifft, um eine Ausnahme. Der Schatz, der uns in den zahlreichen griechischen literarischen Papyri christlichen Inhalts vorliegt, ist im wesentlichen noch ungehoben.
The Recovery of the Language of Jesus
Authors: Black M.
Published: February 2009

Jesus and his disciples spoke a form of Semitic speech known as Palestinian Aramaic. This does not preclude their acquaintance with other languages in use in first-century Palestine, such as Hebrew or Greek. It seems on the whole unlikely, however, that Greek was ever used by Christ as a teaching medium, but he may have used Hebrew as well as Aramaic, on such solemn occasions, for instance, as at the Institution of the Last Supper.
The Exegesis of John X. 30 In the Early Trinitarian Controversies
Authors: Pollard T. E.
Published: February 2009

Of all the New Testament writings, it is the Fourth Gospel which raises in their most acute form the problems which were to vex the Church in the Trinitarian controversies of the third and fourth centuries. Many of the arguments set forth both by the heterodox and by their orthodox opponents consisted of exegesis of Johannine texts, and at the centre of the Monarchian controversies of the third century and the Arian controversy of the fourth was the question of the correct exegesis of John x. 30, I and the Father are one (ὡ ἕ ).
The Talpioth Ossuaries Again
Authors: Fishwick Duncan
Published: February 2009

In September 1945 members of the Museum of Jewish Antiquities of the Hebrew University excavated a burial chamber near the Talpioth suburb of Jerusalem. The tomb, which was cut in soft limestone, was furnished with five loculi (kokhim) or burial recesses together with a number of ossuaries, that is small stone boxes containing the bones of corpses which had first been laid within the loculi and then transferred to such a box once the flesh had decomposed. Early rumours concerning the nature of these ossuaries gave rise to sensational press-reports of ‘what is believed to be an eye-witness account of the death of Christ’ which ‘may give first hand testimony to the trial and death of Jesus’. But it was not until 1947 that a comprehensive account of the finds was published by Dr E. L. Sukenik, the director of the excavations and the greatest living authority on ossuaries.
Neue Neutestamentliche Papyri II
Authors: Aland Kurt
Published: February 2009

(5) Wenn wir nach den grundsätzlichen Betrachtungen im vorigen Heft der N.T.S. (S. 303 ff.) jetzt zur Behandlung der neuen Papyri im einzelnen gelangen, empfiehlt es sich wohl, mit 66 zu beginnen. Sein erster Teil (Joh. i–xiv) war 1956 von V. Martin herausgegeben worden und ist dementsprechend im ersten Bericht behandelt worden (.N.T.S. III, 1957, 279 ff.), nachdem ich an anderer Stelle bereits eine Neukollation veröffentlicht hatte (Theologische Literaturzeitung, 87, 1957, 161–84). 1958 erschien, wieder von V. Martin herausgegeben, der Supplementband mit den Fragmenten zu Joh. xiv–xxi. Trotz einer ins einzelne gehenden Untersuchung — oder vielmehr gerade ihretwegen — hatte ich dazu geschwiegen. Nachdem 1962 dieser Supplementband in einer ‘Nouvelle edition augmentée et corrigée avec reproduction photographique complète du manuscrit’, herausgegeben von V. Martin und J. W. Barns, erschienen ist, ist es an der Zeit, das bisher Versäumte nachzuholen.
Jesus und Paulus
Authors: Kümmel Werner Georg
Published: February 2009

Mein verehrter Vorgänger als Präsident unserer Societas, Père Benoit, hat uns im vergangenen Jahr durch eine anschauliche Schilderung der Erlebnisse eines Knaben bei der Besichtigung eines Ozeanriesen die Gefahr vor Augen gestellt, die uns alle immer wieder bei unserer wissenschaftlichen Beschäftigung mit dem Neuen Testament bedroht, daß wir nämlich über der Fülle des unvermeidlichen wissenschaftlichen Stoffes nicht mehr die Zeit and Ruhe finden, die Texte selber wirklich zu uns sprechen zu lassen. Er konnte uns freilich gegen diese Krankheit auch kein Allheilmittel anbieten, hat uns stattdessen aber zu einem Ausblick eingeladen, der die großen Themen der paulinischen und johanneischen Theologie zu einander in Beziehung setzte. Wenn ich Sie heute dazu einlade, diesen Vergleich nach rückwärts fortzusetzen und die Theologie des Paulus neben die Verkündigung Jesu zu stellen, so kann ich mich eines doppelten Unbehagens nicht erwehren. Einerseits muß ich mir die Frage stellen, ob man einem so weit ausgreifenden und schwierigen Thema in der kurzen Zeit eines Vortrags überhaupt gerecht werden kann, selbst wenn man sich das Ziel einer Weiterführung der Probleme gar nicht steckt. Andererseits aber muß ich befürchten, daß Sie mir die Frage stellen, ob mit der Behandlung dieses Themas nicht ein Problem wieder aufgerollt wird, das einmal vor einem halben Jahrhundert aktuell gewesen ist, das aber heute nicht mehr im Zentrum des Interesses steht and als erledigt angesehen werden sollte.
Law in the New Testament: Fresh Light on the Parable of the Good Samaritan
Authors: Derrett J. Duncan M.
Published: February 2009

Luke x. 25–37 is variously interpreted and is usually attacked as clumsy and inharmonious. Luke's contrived contexts are so many that one suspects that the parable must be independent of its context. Yet about both much remains to be said. The formerly debated status of the Samaritanvis-à-visJews was clarified by Professor Joachim Jeremias in hisJerusalem zur Zeit Jesu,1and other problems still demand attention.
Anfänge Der Soteriologischen Deutung Des Todes Jesu (Mk. x. 45 und Lk. XXII. 27)
Authors: Roloff Jürgen
Published: February 2009

Die traditionsgeschichtliche Betrachtungsweise hat entscheidend dazu beigetragen, jenen großen theologischen Verstehensprozeß aufzuhellen, in dessen Verlauf die älteste Christenheit das Sterben Jesu als heilsmächtiges Geschehen zu deuten gelernt hat. Sie vermochte nämlich zu zeigen, daßsich innerhalb der älteren Schichten des Neuen Testamentes verschiedene Ansätze zu einer Interpretation des Kreuzes finden, die ihren Sitz in verschiedenen Traditionskreisen haben und erst relativ spät miteinander verbunden worden sind.
Traces of Gnosticism in the Dead Sea Scrolls?
Authors: Reicke Bo
Published: February 2009

The Hebrew scrolls newly discovered near Qumran at the north-western shore of the Dead Sea, which are attracting more and more the attention of New Testament students, are also very important for the evolution of Jewish Gnosticism. One may think especially of the fact that in some of these manuscripts the Hebrew word for ‘knowledge’ and related terms occur with a striking frequency, and that the dualistic cosmology of the new texts seems to be rather like certain fundamental ideas of Gnosticism. Since the archaeological evidence now proves that the Qumran manuscripts are pre-Christian, or were at least written in the first Christian century, one may very well state that new light can now be thrown upon the much debated question of a pre-Christian, Jewish Gnosticism.
Proselyte Baptism
Authors: Torrance T. F.
Published: February 2009

By three things did Israel enter into the Covenant, by circumcision, and baptism and sacrifice. Circumcision was in Egypt, as it was written, ‘No uncircumcised person shall eat thereof’ (Exod. xii. 48). Baptism was in the wilderness just before the giving of the Law: as it is written, ‘Sanctify them today and tomorrow, and let them wash their clothes’ (Exod. xix. 10). And sacrifice, as it is said, ‘And he sent young men of the children of Israel which offered burnt offerings’ (Exod. xxiv. 5). And so in all ages when a Gentile is willing to enter into the Covenant, and gather himself under the wings of the Shekinah of God, and take upon him the yoke of the Law, he must be circumcised and be baptized and bring a sacrifice. As it is written, ‘As you are, so shall the strangerbe’ (Num. xv. 55). How are you? So likewise the stranger (or proselyte) through all generations: by circumcision and baptism, and bringing of a sacrifice. And what is the stranger' sacrifice? A burnt offering of a beast, or two turtle-doves, or two young pigeons, both of them for a burnt-offering. And at this time when there is no sacrificing, they must be circumcised and be baptized; and when the Temple shall be built, they are to bring the sacrifice. A stranger that is circumcised and not baptized, or baptized and not circumcised, is not a proselyte till he be both circumcised and baptized: and he must be baptized in the presence of three…. Even as they circumcise and baptize strangers, so do they circumcise and baptize servants that are received from the heathen into the name of servitude…. The Gentile that is made proselyte and the slave that is made free, behold he is like a child new born.
Joseph und Aseneth Neugriechisch
Authors: Burchard Christoph
Published: February 2009

Es muß in der griechischen Kirche und einigen ihrer Nachbarn vom 15. Jh. an ein lebendiges, paränetisch gerichtetes Interesse anJoseph und Asenethgegeben haben.l11 der 16 bekannten altgriechischen Handschriften stammen aus dem 15.–17. Jh., dazu eine von 1802 (die übrigen vier aus dem 10.–12. Jh.). Zwei davon, Bukarest, Bibl. Acad. Rom., Gr. 966, 17. Jh. (Sigel F oder 171) und Sinai, Gr. 1976, 17. Jh. (Woder 174)2vertreten eine paränetisch interpolierte Form, zu der auch die rumänische Übersetzung gehört. Aus dem 15. Jh. stammen die beiden Handschriften der serbisch-kirchenslawischen Übersetzung, aus dem 15.–18. die Hauptmasse der armenischen Textzeugen. Das genannte Interesse bezeugen nun auch die Spuren von JA im Neugriechischen:3der sekundäre Schluß der altgriechischen Gruppec(III), Einschläge in der altgriechischen Handschrift McKell, 16. Jh. (G oder 162) (II) und vor allem eine Übertragung (Ngr) des ganzen Textes (I).
Torah Citations in the Synoptics
Authors: Thomas Kenneth J.
Published: February 2009

The Old Testament citations have offered a fertile field for study and investigation because of their interesting text forms. In particular, the surprising fact that over half of the Old Testament citations attributed to Jesus completely conform to the LXX text has led investigators to seek an explanation for this phenomenon. Some have tried to show that the original citations in Hebrew or Aramaic have been assimilated to the LXX in the course of tradition, while others have attributed this phenomenon to the Gospel writers who used the LXX text familiar to them.