bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous Extrusion Forming Technology of Magnesium Alloy Thin-Walled Tubules
Authors: Yang Xi , Sun Shihan , Zhou Zheng , Chen Xuewen , Chen Guoqing
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a new technology of superimposed billet extrusion-forming for thin-walled magnesium alloy tubes. This process represents an improvement over the current technology, which suffers from low production efficiency, poor forming accuracy, and low material utilization. We developed a detailed forming process and mold structure, in which the excess material of the front billet is extruded out of the mold as the rear billet pushes on the front one. Through continuous extrusion, online direct water cooling, and cutting, the automated continuous production of thin-walled tubules is achieved. The optimization of the mandrel structure and its hovering action is also included, with the aim of improving the lifespan of the mandrel and the accuracy of tube size. The numerical simulation method evaluates the effect of the die angle (α) on the tube, formed using FORGE NXT 1.1. The results show that for an angle of less than 70°, the defect length of the tube decreases as the die angle decreases, forming an ordered flow of superimposed billets. If the angle is less than 50°, the two adjacently formed tubes separate automatically, with no need for the subsequent cutting process. The best choice of die angle is about 50°, which takes into account the effect of the change in extrusion force.
Intelligent Optimization Design of a Phononic Crystal Air-Coupled Ultrasound Transducer
Authors: Wang Jianghai , Ji Huawei , Qi Anqi , Liu Yu , Lin Liming , Wu Xin , Ni Jing
Published: August 2023

To further improve the operational performance of a phononic crystal air-coupled ultrasonic transducer while reducing the number of simulations, an intelligent optimization design strategy is proposed by combining finite element simulation analysis and artificial intelligence (AI) methods. In the proposed strategy, the structural design parameters of 1–3 piezoelectric composites and acoustic impedance gradient matching layer are sampled using the optimal Latin hypercube sampling (OLHS) method. Moreover, the COMSOL software is utilized to calculate the performance parameters of the transducer. Based on the simulation data, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) model is trained to establish the relationship between the design parameters and the performance parameters. The accuracy of the approximation model is verified through linear regression plots and statistical methods. Finally, the NSGA-II algorithm is used to determine the design parameters of the transducer. After optimization, the band gap widths of the piezoelectric composites and acoustic impedance gradient matching layer are increased by 16 kHz and 13.5 kHz, respectively. Additionally, the −6 dB bandwidth of the transducer is expanded by 11.5%. The simulation results and experimental results are consistent with the design objectives, which confirms the effectiveness of the design strategy. This work provides a feasible strategy for the design of high-performance air-coupled ultrasonic transducers, which is of great significance for the development of non-destructive testing technology.
Evaluation of Headache Trends among Undergraduate First Responders for Medical Emergencies at Saudi University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alobaid Abdullah M. , Syed Wajid , Al-Rawi Mahmood Basil A.
Published: August 2023

Background and objective: Headache is more common among students and may be a crucial indication of mental health; it can have a detrimental impact if left untreated, especially on students, and may affect their academic performance. Thus, this study aimed to assess the headache trends among undergraduate first responders for medical emergencies at Saudi University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Method: A cross-sectional study was undertaken over three months in 2023 to analyze headache patterns among emergency medical services (EMS) students using prevalidated questionnaires. The data were collected via convenience sampling and processed with the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 program (IBM Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The current findings show that the majority 90.6% (n = 164) of the participants had at least one episode of headache in the last week. With regard to the number of days students had a headache during the last week, 21.5% (n = 39) of them reported 2 days, while 18.8% (n = 34) reported 1 day only. About slightly less than half (48.6% (n = 88)) of students reported that the usual site of the headache was frontal, followed by temporal 27.1% (n = 49), and 23.3% (n = 42) reported orbital. When students were asked whether a headache aggravates their routine activity, 40.3% agreed with this statement, and 44.2% of students reported that a headache causes them to avoid their routine activity (reading writing, attending college). The majority of the students considered taking analgesics (60.8%), followed by sleeping (26.5%), caffeine (14.4%), and herbal and alternative remedies (7.7%) for the relief of headaches. Although headache episodes were significantly associated with routine activities (reading writing, attending college) (p = 0.018, t = 2.282) daily activities (walking, running) (p = 0.022, t = 2.307). The findings showed that fourth-year EMS students were found to have higher headache pain intensity scores compared to other students (p = 0.046). Similarly, the pain intensity was significantly higher among the students between 1–3 and >7 episodes of headaches (p = 0.001) Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that Saudi emergency medical services students suffer from headaches. However, the current findings revealed variation in the headache pain intensity scores concerning the year of study.
Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Efficacy on Endometrial Thickness and Infertility: A Single-Centre Experience from Romania
Authors: Huniadi Anca , Zaha Ioana Alexandra , Naghi Petronela , Stefan Liana , Sachelarie Liliana , Bodog Alin , Szuhai-Bimbo Erika , Macovei Codruta , Sandor Mircea
Published: August 2023

(1) Background: During IVF (in vitro fertilization), a proper endometrium thickness is one of the most difficult parameters to achieve and one of the most important prognostic factors of the success rate. One major problem is the high cancelation percentage in frozen embryo transfer cycles. The focus on the adjuvant methods for improving endometrium thickness is an on-going subject of interest. (2) Methods: This prospective single-arm self-control study was conducted in an IVF centre in Oradea, Romania. The patients were divided into two groups. The control group included 51 patients with at least one attempt to transfer a good-quality blastocyst, but the endometrial thickness did not surpass 7 mm under standard endometrial preparation protocol with oestradiol and with adjuvant therapy (other than PRP, such as aspirin, vitamin C, and vitamin E), and the study group included the same 51 patients that had the embryo transfer performed under the same standard endometrial preparation protocol with oestradiol preparation protocol and intrauterine PRP infusion. (3) Results: In our study, the PRP treatment had a positive impact on the parameters that were followed for the evaluation of the success rate of the embryo transfer procedure. The endometrial thickness (an increase in endometrial thickness by 0.6 mm after PRP treatment with p = 0.0001) and the clinical pregnancy rate (having a MD ± SD of 0 ± 0.38 before PRP treatment and with an increase to 0.5 ± 0.1 after the PRP treatment, p = 0.0004) were statistically significant (4) Conclusions: PRP has a positive effect in promoting endometrial proliferation, improving embryo implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate for women with thin endometrium.
Breastfeeding-Related Health Benefits in Children and Mothers: Vital Organs Perspective
Authors: Muro-Valdez Julio César , Meza-Rios Alejandra , Aguilar-Uscanga Blanca Rosa , Lopez-Roa Rocio Ivette , Medina-Díaz Eunice , Franco-Torres Esmeralda Marisol , Zepeda-Morales Adelaida Sara Minia
Published: August 2023

Breast milk (BM) is a constantly changing fluid that represents the primary source of nutrition for newborns. It is widely recognized that breastfeeding provides benefits for both the child and the mother, including a lower risk of ovarian and breast cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus, decreased blood pressure, and more. In infants, breastfeeding has been correlated with a lower risk of infectious diseases, obesity, lower blood pressure, and decreased incidence of respiratory infections, diabetes, and asthma. Various factors, such as the baby’s sex, the health status of the mother and child, the mother’s diet, and the mode of delivery, can affect the composition of breast milk. This review focuses on the biological impact of the nutrients in BM on the development and functionality of vital organs to promote the benefit of health.
Telemedicine in Primary Practice in the Age of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Review
Authors: Romaszko-Wojtowicz Anna , Jaśkiewicz Łukasz , Jurczak Paweł , Doboszyńska Anna
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine, so far underestimated, has gained in value. Currently, telemedicine is not only a telephone or chat consultation, but also the possibility of the remote recording of signals (such as ECG, saturation, and heart rate) or even remote auscultation of the lungs. The objective of this review article is to present a potential role for, and disseminate knowledge of, telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: In order to analyze the research material in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of the ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and PubMed databases was conducted. Out of the total number of 363 papers identified, 22 original articles were subjected to analysis. Results: This article presents the possibilities of remote patient registration, which contributes to an improvement in remote diagnostics and diagnoses. Conclusions: Telemedicine is, although not always and not by everyone, an accepted form of providing medical services. It cannot replace direct patient–doctor contact, but it can undoubtedly contribute to accelerating diagnoses and improving their quality at a distance.
A Mini Review of Ceramic-Based MOF Membranes for Water Treatment
Authors: Wang Xueling , Wang Man , Chen Mingliang , Zhang Yatao
Published: August 2023

Ceramic membranes have been increasingly employed in water treatment owing to their merits such as high-stability, anti-oxidation, long lifespan and environmental friendliness. The application of ceramic membranes mainly focuses on microfiltration and ultrafiltration processes, and some precise separation can be achieved by introducing novel porous materials with superior selectivity. Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have developed a wide spectrum of applications in the fields of the environment, energy, water treatment and gas separation due to the diversity and tunable advantages of metal clusters and organic ligands. Although the issue of water stability in MOF materials inhibits the development of MOF membranes in water treatment, researchers still overcome many obstacles to advance the application of MOF membranes in water treatment processes. To the best of our knowledge, there is still a lack of a reviews on the development process and prospects of ceramic-based MOF membranes for water treatment. Therefore, in this review, we mainly summarize the fabrication method for ceramic-based MOF membranes and their application in water treatment, such as water/salt separation, pollutant separation, heavy metal separation, etc. Following this, based on the high structural, thermal and chemical stability of ceramic substrates, and the high controllability of MOF materials, the superiority and insufficient use of ceramic-based MOF membranes in the field of water treatment are critically discussed.
The Urinary Metabolomic Fingerprint in Extremely Preterm Infants on Total Parenteral Nutrition vs. Enteral Feeds
Authors: Guardado Miguel , Steurer Martina , Chapin Cheryl , Hernandez Ryan D. , Ballard Philip L. , Torgerson Dara
Published: August 2023

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN), which uses intravenous administration of nutrients, minerals and vitamins, is essential for sustaining premature infants until they transition to enteral feeds, but there is limited information on metabolomic differences between infants on TPN and enteral feeds. We performed untargeted global metabolomics on urine samples collected between 23–30 days of life from 314 infants born <29 weeks gestational age from the TOLSURF and PROP cohorts. Principal component analysis across all metabolites showed a separation of infants solely on TPN compared to infants who had transitioned to enteral feeds, indicating global metabolomic differences between infants based on feeding status. Among 913 metabolites that passed quality control filters, 609 varied in abundance between infants on TPN vs. enteral feeds at p < 0.05. Of these, 88% were in the direction of higher abundance in the urine of infants on enteral feeds. In a subset of infants in a longitudinal analysis, both concurrent and delayed changes in metabolite levels were observed with the initiation of enteral feeds. These infants had higher concentrations of essential amino acids, lipids, and vitamins, which are necessary for growth and development, suggesting the nutritional benefit of an enteral feeding regimen.
Targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Individuals Carrying the ANGPTL8 R59W Variant
Authors: Abu-Farha Mohamed , Joseph Shibu , Mohammad Anwar , Channanath Arshad , Taher Ibrahim , Al-Mulla Fahd , Mujammami Muhammad , Thanaraj Thangavel Alphonse , Abubaker Jehad , Abdel Rahman Anas M.
Published: August 2023

ANGPTL8 is recognized as a regulator of lipid metabolism through its role in inhibiting lipoprotein lipase activity. ANGPTL8 gene variants, particularly rs2278426 leading to the R59W variant in the protein, have been associated with lipid traits in various ethnicities. We aimed to use metabolomics to understand the impact of the ANGPTL8 R59W variant on metabolites in humans. We used the Biocrates-p400 kit to quantify 408 plasma metabolites in 60 adult male Arab individuals from Kuwait and identify differences in metabolite levels between individuals carrying reference genotypes and those with carrier genotypes at ANGPTL8 rs2278426. Individuals with carrier genotypes (CT+TT) compared to those carrying the reference genotype (CC) showed statistically significant differences in the following metabolites: acylcarnitine (perturbs metabolic pathways), phosphatidylcholine (supports liver function and cholesterol levels), cholesteryl ester (brings chronic inflammatory response to lipoprotein depositions in arteries), α-aminoadipic acid (modulates glucose homeostasis), histamine (regulates glucose/lipid metabolism), sarcosine (links amino acid and lipid metabolism), diacylglycerol 42:1 (regulates homeostasis of cellular lipid stores), and lysophosphatidylcholine (regulates oxidative stress and inflammatory response). Functional aspects attributed to these metabolites indicate that the ANGPTL8 R59W variant influences the concentrations of lipid- and inflammation-related metabolites. This observation further highlights the role of ANGPTL8 in lipid metabolism.
Four-Dimensional Micro/Nanorobots via Laser Photochemical Synthesis towards the Molecular Scale
Authors: Tao Yufeng , Lin Liansheng , Ren Xudong , Wang Xuejiao , Cao Xia , Gu Heng , Ye Yunxia , Ren Yunpeng , Zhang Zhiming
Published: August 2023

Miniaturized four-dimensional (4D) micro/nanorobots denote a forerunning technique associated with interdisciplinary applications, such as in embeddable labs-on-chip, metamaterials, tissue engineering, cell manipulation, and tiny robotics. With emerging smart interactive materials, static micro/nanoscale architectures have upgraded to the fourth dimension, evincing time-dependent shape/property mutation. Molecular-level 4D robotics promises complex sensing, self-adaption, transformation, and responsiveness to stimuli for highly valued functionalities. To precisely control 4D behaviors, current-laser-induced photochemical additive manufacturing, such as digital light projection, stereolithography, and two-photon polymerization, is pursuing high-freeform shape-reconfigurable capacities and high-resolution spatiotemporal programming strategies, which challenge multi-field sciences while offering new opportunities. Herein, this review summarizes the recent development of micro/nano 4D laser photochemical manufacturing, incorporating active materials and shape-programming strategies to provide an envisioning of these miniaturized 4D micro/nanorobots. A comparison with other chemical/physical fabricated micro/nanorobots further explains the advantages and potential usage of laser-synthesized micro/nanorobots.
Fluid Inclusion Studies of Barite Disseminated in Hydrothermal Sediments of the Mohns Ridge
Authors: Kravchishina Marina D. , Prokofiev Vsevolod Yu. , Dara Olga M. , Baranov Boris V. , Klyuvitkin Alexey A. , Iakimova Karina S. , Kalgin Vladislav Yu. , Lein Alla Yu.
Published: August 2023

This article discusses the results of a fluid inclusion studies in barite collected at the Jan Mayen vent field area (Troll Wall and Perle and Bruse) and Loki’s Castle vent field on the Mohns Ridge segment of the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge. Three mafic-hosted volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits were examined within the active vent fields that adequately correspond to the geological settings of ultraslow-spreading ridges and P–T conditions. Hydrothermal sediments were investigated to determine the temperature and salinity of the fluids responsible for barite precipitation. The hydrothermal origin of the barite was confirmed by its morphology. Fluid inclusions are two-phase and homogenize into the liquid phase on heating at temperatures below 287 °C. The salt concentration in fluids trapped in inclusions is 2.6–4.4 wt.% NaCl eq. The crystallization temperatures varied from 276 °C to 119 °C and from 307 °C to 223 °C for the Jan Mayen and Loki’s Castle vent fields, respectively. The data obtained allowed us to confirm evidence of fluid phase separation in the hydrothermal systems and to expand our knowledge of the temperature and salinity of mineral fluids previously known from recent direct measurements during the cruises within the G.O. Sars research vessel. The fluid inclusions data obtained from barites emphasize the fluid features characteristic of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, the similarities and differences among the studied hydrothermal sites and allow comparisons with similar products from other active hydrothermal systems.
A Molecular Electron Density Theory Study of the Domino Reaction of N-Phenyl Iminoboranes with Benzaldehyde Yielding Fused Bicyclic Compounds
Authors: Domingo Luis R. , Aurell María José , Ríos-Gutiérrez Mar
Published: August 2023

The reaction of N-phenyl iminoborane with benzaldehyde yielding a fused aromatic compound, recently reported by Liu et al., has been studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT). Formation of the fused aromatic compound is a domino process that comprises three consecutive reactions: (i) formation of a weak molecular complex between the reagents; (ii) an intramolecular electrophilic attack of the activated carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde on the ortho position of the N-phenyl substituent of iminoborane; and (iii) a formal 1,3-hydrogen shift yielding the final fused aromatic compound. The two last steps correspond to a Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction, the product of the second reaction being the tetrahedral intermediate of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. However, the presence of the imino group adjacent to the aromatic ring strongly stabilizes the corresponding intermediate, being the reaction product when the ortho positions are occupied by t-butyl substituents. This domino reaction shows a great similitude with the Brønsted acid catalyzed Povarov reaction. Although N-phenyl iminoborane can experience a formal [2+2] cycloaddition reaction with benzaldehyde, its higher activation Gibbs free energy compared to the intramolecular electrophilic attack of the activated carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde on the ortho position of the N-phenyl substituent, 6.6 kcal·mol−1, prevents the formation of the formal [2+2] cycloadduct. The present MEDT study provides a different vision of the molecular mechanism of these reactions based on the electron density.
Comment on Naef, R.; Acree, W.E., Jr. Revision and Extension of a Generally Applicable Group-Additivity Method for the Calculation of the Standard Heat of Combustion and Formation of Organic Molecules. Molecules 2021, 26, 6101
Authors: Meier Robert J.
Published: August 2023

Next to the paper referred to in the title [...]
Lipids and Terpenoids from the Deep-Sea Fungus Trichoderma lixii R22 and Their Antagonism against Two Wheat Pathogens
Authors: Li Chang-Peng , Shi Zhen-Zhen , Fang Sheng-Tao , Song Yin-Ping , Ji Nai-Yun
Published: August 2023

Five new lipids, tricholixins A–E (1–5), and two known terpenoids, brasilane A (6) and harzianone A (7), were discovered from a deep-sea strain (R22) of the fungus Trichoderma lixii isolated from the cold seep sediments of the South China Sea. Their structures and relative configurations were identified by meticulous analysis of MS and IR as well as NMR data. The absolute configuration of 5 was ascertained by dimolybdenum-induced ECD data in particular. Compounds 1 and 2 represent the only two new butenolides from marine-derived Trichoderma, and they further add to the structural diversity of these molecules. Although 6 has been reported from a basidiomycete previously, it is the first brasilane aminoglycoside of Trichoderma origin. During the assay against wheat-pathogenic fungi, both 1 and 2 inhibited Fusarium graminearum with an MIC value of 25.0 μg/mL, and 6 suppressed Gaeumannomyces graminis with an MIC value of 12.5 μg/mL. Moreover, the three isolates also showed low toxicity to the brine shrimp Artemia salina.
Ethanolic Extract Propolis-Loaded Niosomes Diminish Phospholipase B1, Biofilm Formation, and Intracellular Replication of Cryptococcus neoformans in Macrophages
Authors: Kietrungruang Kritapat , Sookkree Sanonthinee , Sangboonruang Sirikwan , Semakul Natthawat , Poomanee Worrapan , Kitidee Kuntida , Tragoolpua Yingmanee , Tragoolpua Khajornsak
Published: August 2023

Secretory phospholipase B1 (PLB1) and biofilms act as microbial virulence factors and play an important role in pulmonary cryptococcosis. This study aims to formulate the ethanolic extract of propolis-loaded niosomes (Nio-EEP) and evaluate the biological activities occurring during PLB1 production and biofilm formation of Cryptococcus neoformans. Some physicochemical characterizations of niosomes include a mean diameter of 270 nm in a spherical shape, a zeta-potential of −10.54 ± 1.37 mV, and 88.13 ± 0.01% entrapment efficiency. Nio-EEP can release EEP in a sustained manner and retains consistent physicochemical properties for a month. Nio-EEP has the capability to permeate the cellular membranes of C. neoformans, causing a significant decrease in the mRNA expression level of PLB1. Interestingly, biofilm formation, biofilm thickness, and the expression level of biofilm-related genes (UGD1 and UXS1) were also significantly reduced. Pre-treating with Nio-EEP prior to yeast infection reduced the intracellular replication of C. neoformans in alveolar macrophages by 47%. In conclusion, Nio-EEP mediates as an anti-virulence agent to inhibit PLB1 and biofilm production for preventing fungal colonization on lung epithelial cells and also decreases the intracellular replication of phagocytosed cryptococci. This nano-based EEP delivery might be a potential therapeutic strategy in the prophylaxis and treatment of pulmonary cryptococcosis in the future.
Vasorelaxant Activity of Salvia hispanica L.: Involvement of the Nitric Oxide Pathway in Its Pharmacological Mechanism
Authors: Herbert-Doctor Luis A. , Sánchez-Recillas Amanda , Ortiz-Andrade Rolffy , Hernández-Núñez Emanuel , Araujo-León Jesús Alfredo , Coral-Martínez Tania Isolina , Cob-Calan Nubia Noemi , Segura Campos Maira Rubi , Estrada-Soto Samuel
Published: August 2023

Salvia hispanica L., commonly known as chía, and its seeds have been used since ancient times to prepare different beverages. Due to its nutritional content, it is considered a dietary ingredient and has been reported with many health benefits. Chia seed components are helpful in cardiovascular disease (CVD) by reducing blood pressure, platelet aggregation, cholesterol, and oxidation. Still, its vasodilator effects on the vascular system were not reported yet. The hexanic (HESh), dichloromethanic (DESh), and methanolic (MESh) extracts obtained from chía seeds were evaluated on an aortic ring ex-vivo experimental model. The vasorelaxant efficacy and mechanism of action were determined. Also, phytochemical data was obtained through 13C NMR-based dereplication. The MESh extract showed the highest efficacy (Emax = 87%), and its effect was partially endothelium-dependent. The mechanism of action was determined experimentally, and the vasorelaxant curves were modified in the presence of L-NAME, ODQ, and potassium channel blockers. MESh caused a relaxing effect on KCl 80 mM-induced contraction and was less potent than nifedipine. The CaCl2-induced contraction was significantly decreased compared with the control curve. Phytochemical analysis of MESh suggests the presence of mannitol, previously reported as a vasodilator on aortic rings. Our findings suggest NO-cGMP pathway participation as a vasodilator mechanism of action of S. hispanica seeds; this effect can be attributed, in part, to the mannitol presence. S. hispanica could be used in future research focused on antihypertensive therapies.
Synthesis of Aminobisphosphinates through a Cascade Reaction between Hypophosphorous Acid and Bis(trimethylsilyl)imidates Mediated by ZnI2
Authors: Ayadi Nouha , Descamps Aurélie , Legigan Thibaut , Dussart-Gautheret Jade , Monteil Maelle , Migianu-Griffoni Evelyne , Ben Ayed Taïcir , Deschamp Julia , Lecouvey Marc
Published: August 2023

Among phosphorylated derivatives, phosphinates occupy a prominent place due to their ability to be bioisosteres of phosphates and carboxylates. These properties imply the necessity to develop efficient methodologies leading to phosphinate scaffolds. In recent years, our team has explored the nucleophilic potential of silylated phosphonite towards various electrophiles. In this paper, we propose to extend our study to other electrophiles. We describe here the implementation of a cascade reaction between (trimethylsilyl)imidates and hypophosphorous acid mediated by a Lewis acid allowing the synthesis of aminomethylenebisphosphinate derivatives. The present study focuses on methodological development including a careful NMR monitoring of the cascade reaction. The optimized conditions were successfully applied to various aliphatic and aromatic substituted (trimethylsilyl)imidates, leading to the corresponding AMBPi in moderate to good yields.
Special Issue “Lignocellulosic Biomass II”
Authors: Rodríguez Alejandro , Espinosa Eduardo , Martín Carlos
Published: August 2023

As a result of human population growth, the availability of residual lignocellulosic materials from agriculture, forestry, food- and wood-processing industries, and other waste streams is continuously increasing [...]
Coamorphous Systems of Valsartan: Thermal Analysis Contribution to Evaluate Intermolecular Interactions Effects on the Structural Relaxation
Authors: Ekawa Bruno , Diogo Hermínio P. , Castro Ricardo A. E. , Caires Flávio J. , Eusébio M. Ermelinda S.
Published: August 2023

Coamorphous formation in binary systems of valsartan (Val) with 4,4′-bipyridine (Bipy) and trimethoprim (Tri) was investigated for mixtures with a mole fraction of 0.16~0.86 of valsartan and evaluated in terms of the glass transition temperature. The glass transition of the systems had a behavior outside the values predicted by the Gordon–Taylor equation, showing that Val-Bipy (hydrogen bonding between the components) had a lower deviation and Val-Tri (ionic bonding between the components) had a higher deviation. Mixtures of compositions 2:1 Val-Bipy and 1:1 Val-Tri were selected for further investigation and verified to be stable, as no crystallization was observed during subsequent heating and cooling programs. For these systems, the effective activation energy during glass transition was evaluated. Compared to pure valsartan, the system with the lower glass transition temperature (Val-Bipy) presented the highest effective activation energy, and the system with the higher glass transition temperature (Val-Tri) presented a lower effective activation energy. The results presented a good correlation between the data obtained from two different techniques to determine the fragility and effective activation energy: non-isothermal kinetic analysis by DSC and TSDC.
Novel Mechanism-Based Descriptors for Extreme Ultraviolet-Induced Photoacid Generation: Key Factors Affecting Extreme Ultraviolet Sensitivity
Authors: Park Ji Young , Song Hyun-Ji , Nguyen Thanh Cuong , Son Won-Joon , Kim Daekeon , Song Giyoung , Hong Suk-Koo , Go Heeyoung , Park Changmin , Jang Inkook , Kim Dae Sin
Published: August 2023

Predicting photolithography performance in silico for a given materials combination is essential for developing better patterning processes. However, it is still an extremely daunting task because of the entangled chemistry with multiple reactions among many material components. Herein, we investigated the EUV-induced photochemical reaction mechanism of a model photoacid generator (PAG), triphenylsulfonium cation, using atomiC–Scale materials modeling to elucidate that the acid generation yield strongly depends on two main factors: the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of PAG cation associated with the electron-trap efficiency ‘before C–S bond dissociation’ and the overall oxidation energy change of rearranged PAG associated with the proton-generation efficiency ‘after C–S bond dissociation’. Furthermore, by considering stepwise reactions accordingly, we developed a two-parameter-based prediction model predicting the exposure dose of the resist, which outperformed the traditional LUMO-based prediction model. Our model suggests that one should not focus only on the LUMO energies but also on the energy change during the rearrangement process of the activated triphenylsulfonium (TPS) species. We also believe that the model is well suited for computational materials screening and/or inverse design of novel PAG materials with high lithographic performances.
Protocol Study: Resistance Training Program, Nutritional, Sleep, and Screen Use Recommendations in Schoolchildren from Educational Centers in the Extreme South of Chile
Authors: Albornoz-Guerrero Javier , Barceló Olga , García-Merino Sonia , García-Pérez-de-Sevilla Guillermo , Cigarroa Igor , Zapata-Lamana Rafael
Published: August 2023

Background: Childhood obesity has tripled, reaching critical levels of malnutrition. This factor is directly associated with a poorer health-related quality of life of the child and adolescent population. This article presents the study protocol of the project “Strong schoolchildren with a healthy lifestyle” (EF-Salud), which seeks to analyze the effects of a multicomponent program based on muscle strength exercises, sleep nutritional recommendations, and the use of screens in Chilean educational centers with extremely cold weather. Methods: The study protocol of a randomized controlled trial with a pre- and post-test conducted according to the CONSORT statement is reported. The total sample (n = 144) will be schoolchildren from six different school years, four of which will perform an intervention and two control. Intervention group 1 (from two different school years) will receive a muscular strength exercise program in the classroom once a day from Monday to Friday for six months and nutritional, sleep, and use of screens recommendations once a week. Intervention group 2 (from two different school years) will receive a program of nutritional, sleep, and use of screens recommendations once per week for six months. The control group (from two different school years) will carry out their usual school day in relation to physical education classes. Before and after the intervention, the investigators will evaluate the cardiovascular risk, physical condition, and lifestyle related to sleep and use of screens. Expected results: The schoolchildren in intervention group 1 will obtain significant results in increased strength, decreased cardiovascular risk, improved sleep habits, and fewer hours of screen use compared to the other two groups.
Novel Multi-Ingredient Supplement Facilitates Weight Loss and Improves Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Nederveen Joshua P. , Mastrolonardo Alexander J. , Xhuti Donald , Di Carlo Alessia , Manta Katherine , Fuda Matthew R. , Tarnopolsky Mark A.
Published: August 2023

Background: Despite the growing recognition of the obesity crisis, its rates continue to rise. The current first-line therapies, such as dietary changes, energy restriction, and physical activity, are typically met with poor adherence. Novel nutritional interventions can address the root causes of obesity, including mitochondrial dysfunction, and facilitate weight loss. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a multi-ingredient nutritional supplement designed to facilitate mitochondrial function and metabolic health outcomes over a 12 wk period. Methods: Fifty-five overweight and/or obese participants (age (mean ± SEM): 26 ± 1; body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2): 30.5 ± 0.6) completed this double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants were randomized to 12 wks of daily consumption of multi-ingredient supplement (MIS; n = 28; containing 50 mg forskolin, 500 mg green coffee bean extract, 500 mg green tea extract, 500 mg beet root extract, 400 mg α-lipoic acid, 200 IU vitamin E, and 200 mg CoQ10) or control placebo (PLA, n = 27; containing microcrystalline cellulose) matched in appearance. The co-primary outcomes were bodyweight and fat mass (kg) changes. The secondary outcomes included other body composition measures, plasma markers of obesity, fatty liver disease biomarkers, resting energy metabolism, blood pressure, physical performance, and quality of life. The post-intervention differences between MIS and PLA were examined via ANCOVA which was adjusted for the respective pre-intervention variables. Results: After adjustment for pre-intervention data, there was a significant difference in weight (p < 0.001) and fat mass (p < 0.001) post-intervention between the PLA and MIS treatment arms. Post-intervention weight and fat mass were significantly lower in MIS. Significant post-intervention differences corrected for baseline were found in markers of clinical biochemistry (AST, p = 0.017; ALT, p = 0.008), molecular metabolism (GDF15, p = 0.028), and extracellular vesicle-associated miRNA species miR-122 and miR-34a in MIS (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Following the 12 wks of MIS supplementation, weight and body composition significantly improved, concomitant with improvements in molecular markers of liver health and metabolism.
Evaluation of Dietary Intake in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Nien Shih-Wei , Lin I-Hsin , Wu Hsiu-Chuan , Chen Yi-Hsiu , Yang Suh-Ching
Published: August 2023

The phase of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) holds significant importance for postponing the onset of dementia. Therefore, MCI has become a central focus in research related to dementia prevention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intake and dietary patterns of MCI patients in Taiwan. In total, 40 subjects were enrolled in this cross-sectional study that was conducted from July 2019 to September 2021 at the Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. The results of the clinical dementia rating (CDR) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) were obtained from medical records. Participants were divided into two groups: a healthy group (MMSE ≥ 26 points, CDR = 0) and an MCI group (MMSE ≥ 26 points, CDR = 0.5). Results indicated that the MCI group had significantly higher copper and lower low-fat meat intake compared to the healthy group. Furthermore, the high MIND (Mediterranean dietary approaches to stop hypertension intervention for neurodegenerative delay) diet score represented a lower risk of MCI. After adjusting for age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and calorie intake in the multivariate regression analysis, calcium and fruit intake levels were positively associated with the MMSE, whereas low-fat meat intake was negatively associated with the CDR. In conclusion, the prevalence of MCI demonstrated a close correlation with nutrient intake, including copper and calcium. Furthermore, a MIND diet, particularly one high in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, might be useful for preventing MCI. However, more extensive research with larger populations is needed to confirm this potential.
Fermented Stevia Improves Alcohol Poisoning Symptoms Associated with Changes in Mouse Gut Microbiota
Authors: Ma Qingmiao , Noda Masafumi , Danshiitsoodol Narandalai , Sugiyama Masanori
Published: August 2023

We previously found that the continuous feeding of ethanol caused mice dysbiosis, in which the cecal microbiota were significantly altered, as compared with those in the non-feeding control group, especially in some bacterial genera involved in gut inflammation. In the present study, we have found that the fermented extract of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) leaves with plant-derived lactic acid bacteria (LABs), Pediococcus pentosaceus LY45, improves the trimethylamine (TMA) productivity of cecal content, which can be used as an indicator of dysbiosis. The following animal experiment also shows that the LY45-fermented stevia extract represses the typical increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, which decreased from 1106 to 210 IU/L (p < 0.05) and from 591 to 100 IU/L (p < 0.05), respectively, together with the simultaneously latent TMA productivity (from 1356 to 745 μM, p < 0.05) of cecal content in the ethanol-fed mice. The microbiota analyses have shown that the observed increased alterations in pro-inflammatory genera putative SMB53 (family Clostridiaceae) and Dorea are restored by the fermented stevia extract. Our result indicates that the preliminary bioconversion of herbal medicinal precursors by fermentation with safe microorganisms like LABs is expected to be a hopeful method of producing specific metabolites that may contribute to the reconstruction of gut microbiota.
Modification of Breakfast Fat Composition Can Modulate Cytokine and Other Inflammatory Mediators in Women: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Delgado-Alarcón Jessica M. , Hernández Morante Juan José , Morillas-Ruiz Juana M.
Published: August 2023

Previous trials have demonstrated that modifying dietary fat composition can influence the production of inflammation-related factors. Additionally, it has been suggested that not only the type of fat, but also the timing of fat intake can impact these factors. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of altering breakfast fat composition on inflammatory parameters. A 3-month crossover randomized trial was designed, involving 60 institutionalized women who alternately consumed a breakfast rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (margarine), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (virgin olive oil), or saturated fatty acids (SFA) (butter), based on randomization. The following inflammatory markers were evaluated: epidermal growth factor (EGF), interferon (IFN)-α, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), and vascular/endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The results showed that the most significant effects were observed with the high-MUFA breakfast, as there was a statistically significant decrease in plasma IL-6 (p = 0.016) and VEGF values (p = 0.035). Other factors, such as IL-1α and CRP, also decreased substantially, but did not reach the statistically significant level. On the other hand, the high-PUFA breakfast induced a significant decrease in EGF levels (p < 0.001), whereas the high-SFA breakfast had no apparent effect on these factors. In conclusion, modifying breakfast fat, particularly by increasing MUFA or PUFA intake, appears to be sufficient for promoting a lower inflammatory marker synthesis profile and may be beneficial in improving cardiovascular complications.
Development, Design and Utilization of a CDSS for Refeeding Syndrome in Real Life Inpatient Care—A Feasibility Study
Authors: Heuft Lara , Voigt Jenny , Selig Lars , Schmidt Maria , Eckelt Felix , Steinbach Daniel , Federbusch Martin , Stumvoll Michael , Schlögl Haiko , Isermann Berend , Kaiser Thorsten
Published: August 2023

Background: The refeeding syndrome (RFS) is an oftentimes-unrecognized complication of reintroducing nutrition in malnourished patients that can lead to fatal cardiovascular failure. We hypothesized that a clinical decision support system (CDSS) can improve RFS recognition and management. Methods: We developed an algorithm from current diagnostic criteria for RFS detection, tested the algorithm on a retrospective dataset and combined the final algorithm with therapy and referral recommendations in a knowledge-based CDSS. The CDSS integration into clinical practice was prospectively investigated for six months. Results: The utilization of the RFS-CDSS lead to RFS diagnosis in 13 out of 21 detected cases (62%). It improved patient-related care and documentation, e.g., RFS-specific coding (E87.7), increased from once coded in 30 month in the retrospective cohort to four times in six months in the prospective cohort and doubled the rate of nutrition referrals in true positive patients (retrospective referrals in true positive patients 33% vs. prospective referrals in true positive patients 71%). Conclusion: CDSS-facilitated RFS diagnosis is possible and improves RFS recognition. This effect and its impact on patient-related outcomes needs to be further investigated in a large randomized-controlled trial.
Radioligand Therapy with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE or [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE and [90Y]Y-DOTA-TATE in Patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of Unknown Locations, or Locations Other Than the Midgut and Pancreas as Primaries in a G1, G2 and G3 Grade
Authors: Durma Adam Daniel , Saracyn Marek , Kołodziej Maciej , Jóźwik-Plebanek Katarzyna , Dmochowska Beata , Mróz Adrianna , Żmudzki Wawrzyniec , Kamiński Grzegorz
Published: August 2023

Background: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a rare group of tumors with a different clinical course, prognosis and location. Radioligand therapy (RLT) can be used as a first or second line of treatment. It is registered in gastroenteropancreatic NENs (GEP-NENs) as grades G1 and G2. Tumors with an unknown point of origin, diagnosed outside the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas (non-GEP) or at the G3 grade, remain in the “grey area” of treatment. Materials and Methods: Analysis of 51 patients with NENs who underwent RLT in a single highest reference center from 2018 to 2023 was performed. Treatment was administrated to the patients with neoplasms of unknown origin, non-GEP-NENs, and ones with G3 grade. In total, 35 patients received 177-Lutetium (7.4 GBq), while 16 received 177-Lutetium and 90-Yttrium with equal activities (1.85 + 1.85 GBq). Results: The progression-free survival (PFS) before RLT qualification was 34.39 ± 35.88 months for the whole study group. In subgroups of patients with an unknown tumor location (n = 25), the median PFS was 19 months (IQR = 23), with “other” locations (n = 21) at 31 months (IQR = 28), and with NEN G3 (n = 7) at 18 months (IQR = 40). After RLT, disease stabilization or regression was observed in 42 (87.5% of) patients. RLT did not cause statistical changes in creatinine or GFR values. Hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, PLT, HGB) as well as chromogranin A concentration decreased significantly. There were no statistical differences between both subgroups regarding the type of radioisotope (177-Lutetium vs. 177-Lutetium and 90-Yttrium). After RLT in long-term observation, the median observation time (OT) was 14 months (IQR = 18 months). In patients with progression (n = 8), the median PFS was 20 months (IQR = 16 months), while in patients with confirmed death (n = 9), the median overall survival (OS) was 8 months (IQR = 14 months). Conclusions: Our study showed that 87.5% of NEN patients with unknown origin, non-GEP-NENs, and those with GEP-NEN G3 grade had benefited from the radioligand therapy. There were no significantly negative impacts on renal parameters. The decrease of bone marrow parameters was acceptable in relation to beneficial disease course. The decrease of chromogranin concentration was confirmed as a predictive factor for disease stabilization or regression.
Molecular Hybridization as a Strategy for Developing Artemisinin-Derived Anticancer Candidates
Authors: Marchesi Elena , Perrone Daniela , Navacchia Maria Luisa
Published: August 2023

Artemisinin is a natural compound extracted from Artemisia species belonging to the Asteraceae family. Currently, artemisinin and its derivatives are considered among the most significant small-molecule antimalarial drugs. Artemisinin and its derivatives have also been shown to possess selective anticancer properties, however, there are several limitations and gaps in knowledge that retard their repurposing as effective anticancer agents. Hybridization resulting from a covalent combination of artemisinin with one or more active pharmacophores has emerged as a promising approach to overcome several issues. The variety of hybridization partners allows improvement in artemisinin activity by tuning the ability of conjugated artemisinin to interact with various molecule targets involved in multiple biological pathways. This review highlights the current scenario of artemisinin-derived hybrids with potential anticancer activity. The synthetic approaches to achieve the corresponding hybrids and the structure–activity relationships are discussed to facilitate further rational design of more effective candidates.