bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Health Education Through Booklet on Knowledge and Practice of Menstrual Hygiene
Authors: Nisman Wenny Artanty , Mutiawati Dewi Fatma , Nugraheni Marsita , Milasari Intan
Published: October 2019

Abnormal discharge from the vagina and infections of the reproductive tract can be prevented by practicing good menstrual hygiene. The ease by which adolescents are able to access information will affect the level of knowledge adolescents have about menstrual hygiene. This study aimed to determine the differences in levels of knowledge and practices of menstrual hygiene in boarding school students in rural and urban areas, before and after having being given health education using booklet media. This study was quasi experimental research. The research took place at MTs Al Falaah Pandak Bantul representing the rural area and MTs Mu'allimat Yogyakarta representing the urban area between December 2016 and January 2017. Knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene was measured by a questionnaire. There was no statistically significant difference between knowledge of menstrual hygiene in the boarding schools of both rural and urban groups p=0.473, whereas the difference between hygiene practice regarding menstruation in both groups showed a significant difference p=0.000. There were significant differences in the levels of knowledge and practice of menstruation hygiene between the boarding school students in both the rural areas and urban areas before and after health education using a booklet. A higher mean value was indicated by the boarding school students in urban areas.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN PEMILIK, MASA MEMIMPIN, UMUR PERUSAHAAN, PELATIHAN AKUNTANSI, DAN EKSPEKTASI KINERJA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PADA UKM DI KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Ramadhani Febrinda Rizky , Lestari Puji , Supeno Saras
Published: October 2019

This research aims to analyze and describe the factors that affect the use of accounting information in small and medium enterprises. Factors that used to affect the use of accounting information in this study are the owner educational background, lead time, bussiness age, accounting training, and performance expectancy. The population in this study was all of the potential SMEs in Kabupaten Malang. This research used proportionate stratified random sampling technique by determining sample to small group and medium group. Samples obtained in this research were 86 respondents. Data collection techniques with survey techniques with questionnaires distribution and data analysis techniques in this study using multiple regression analysis techniques with the help of SPSS software. The results of this research conclude that the application accounting information of SMEs is influenced by the owner educational background, the length of time owner managing, bussiness age, accounting training, and performance expectancy.

Keywords: owner educational background, lead time, bussiness age, accounting training, performance expectancy, the use of information accounting.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Rambut Manusia sebagai Media Tanam Hidroponik Substrat pada Kailan
Authors: Pusparini Niken , Harjoko Dwi , Arniputri Retna Bandriyati
Published: October 2019

This study aims to examine the use of human hair waste as a substrate hydroponic media in enhancing scientific innovation and agricultural development. This research was conducted in a greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, from July 2018 to October 2018. This experimental using a completely randomized design (CRD) method with one treatment factor and 14 levels repeated 4 times. The treatment includes washing hair waste (water, NaOH and detergent) and a combination of hair waste: husk charcoal (1: 3; 1: 2 and 3: 1). In this study, the control treatment used sand media. Observation variables observed were leaf area index, number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, root length, root weight, root volume, fresh weight and dry weight of plants. Data acquisition was analyzed by analysis of variance and if there were significant differences, further testing was carried out with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the level of 5%. The results showed that human hair waste was less optimal as an alternative medium for hydroponic substrate systems. Treatment of hair waste: combination of 1: 3 husk charcoal in all washings gives the highest average yield on all observation variables. In all washing treatments (Water, NaOH and detergent) the highest average yield was dominated by washing using detergent ie leaf area index (55.35 cm2), root volume (1.19 ml), fresh weight (22.03 g) and dry weight (2.83 g).
Hospitais de alta complexidade do estado de São Paulo: uma análise comparativa dos níveis de eficiência obtidos pelos modelos de gestão de Administração Direta e de Organização Social
Authors: Tonelotto Diego Pugliese , Righetto Patricia , Moraes Vinicius Macedo de , Crozatti Jaime
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar comparativamente o nível de eficiência auferido por dois grupos de hospitais de alta complexidade do estado São Paulo, um gerido por Organizações Sociais e outro pela Administração Direta, a título de verificar qual dos grupos faz melhor uso dos recursos públicos. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa descritiva com avaliação quantitativa dividida em duas partes, na primeira mensurou-se o porte, o financiamento, os insumos e procedimentos utilizados por estes hospitais, cujos dados foram extraídos do orçamento estadual, do DATASUS e da Fundação SEADE, para comparação entre os componentes da amostra; na segunda houve a aplicação de Análise Envoltória de Dados para a análise de eficiência. Os resultados evidenciaram melhores índices de eficiência para os hospitais geridos por Organizações Sociais além de, comparativamente, terem apresentado maior porte e repasse recebido pelo estado e maior quantidade de atendimentos.
Fewer hospitalizations and prolonged technique survival with Home Hemodialysis– a matched cohort study from the Swedish Renal Registry
Authors: Rydell Helena , Ivarsson Kerstin , Almquist Martin , Clyne Naomi , Segelmark Mårten
Published: September 2019

Background

Patients on home hemodialysis (HHD) exhibit superior survival compared with patients on institutional hemodialysis (IHD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). There is a sparsity of reports comparing morbidity between HHD and IHD or PD and none in a European population. The aim of this study is to compare morbidity between modalities in a Swedish population.

Methods

The Swedish Renal Registry was used to retrieve patients starting on HHD, IHD or PD. Patients were matched according to sex, age, comorbidity and start date. The Swedish Inpatient Registry was used to determine comorbidity before starting renal replacement therapy (RRT) and hospital admissions during RRT. Dialysis technique survival was compared between HHD and PD.

Results

RRT was initiated with HHD for 152 patients; these were matched with 608 patients with IHD and 456 with PD. Patients with HHD had significantly lower median annual admission rate and number of days in hospital. (1.7 admissions; 12 days) compared with IHD (2.2; 14) and PD (2.8; 20).

The annual admission rate was significantly lower for patients with HHD compared with IHD for cardiovascular diagnoses and compared with PD for infectious disease diagnoses. Dialysis technique survival was significantly longer with HHD compared with PD.

Conclusions

Patients choosing HHD as initial RRT spend less time in hospital compared with patients on IHD and PD and they were more likely than PD patients, to remain on their initial modality. These advantages, in combination with better survival and higher likelihood of renal transplantation, are important incentives for promoting the use of HHD.
Validating a transnational fracture treatment registry using a standardized method
Authors: Frese Jasper , Gode Annalice , Heinrichs Gerhard , Will Armin , Schulz Arndt-Peter
Published: September 2019

Aim
Subsequent to a three-month pilot phase, recruiting patients for the newly established BFCC (Baltic Fracture Competence Centre) transnational fracture registry, a validation of the data quality needed to be carried out, applying a standardized method.
Method
During literature research, the method of “adaptive monitoring” fulfilled the requirements of the registry and was applied. It consisted of a three-step audit process; firstly, scoring of the overall data quality, followed by source data verification of a sample- size, relative to the scoring result and finally, a feedback to the registry, on measures to improve data quality. Statistical methods for scoring of data quality and visualisation of discrepancies between registry data and source data were developed and applied.
Results
Initially, the data quality of the registry scored as medium. During source data verification, missing items in the registry, causing medium data quality, turned out to be absent in the source as well. A subsequent adaptation of the score evaluated the registry’s data quality as good. It was suggested to add variables to some items, in order to improve the accuracy of the registry.
Discussion
The method of adaptive monitoring had only been applied once before by Jacke et al. with a similar improvement of the scoring result, following the audit process. Displaying data from the registry in graphs helped finding missing items as well as discovering issues with data- formats. Graphically comparing the degree of agreement between registry and source data allowed to discover systematic faults.
Conclusions
The method of adaptive monitoring gives a substantiated guideline for systematically evaluating and monitoring a registry’s data quality and is currently second to none. The resulting transparency of the registry’s data quality could be helpful in annual reports, as published by most major registries. As the method has been rarely applied, further successive applications in established registries would be desirable.
Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV-positive adults on antiretroviral therapy at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A retrospective record review
Authors: Temesgen Belisty , Kibret Getiye Dejenu , Alamirew Nakachew Mekonnen , Alebel Animut
Published: September 2019

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus. Almost one-third of deaths among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) are attributed to tuberculosis. Despite this fact, in Ethiopia, particularly in our study area there is a scarcity of information regarding the incidence and predictors of TB among people living with HIV. Thus, this study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV-positive adults on antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Methods: A retrospective record review was conducted among 544 HIV-positive adults on ART at Debre Markos Referral Hospital from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data extraction format was adapted from ART intake and follow-up forms. Cox-proportional hazards regression model was fitted and Cox-Snell residual test was used to assess the goodness of fit. Model with the least value of Akaike’s information criteria was selected as the best model. Tuberculosis free survival time was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Both the bi-variable and multivariable Cox-proportional hazard regression models were used to identify predictors of TB.
Results: Among 492 HIV-positive adults included in the final analysis, 16.9% developed TB at the time of follow-up. The incidence rate of TB was found to be 6.5 (95%CI: 5.2, 8.0) per 100-person-years of observation. Advanced WHO clinical disease stage (III and IV) (AHR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.2), being ambulatory and bedridden (AHR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.1), baseline opportunistic infections (AHR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.7, 4.4), low hemoglobin level (AHR: 3.5, 95% CI: 2.1, 5.8), and not taking IPT (AHR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.9, 7.6) were found to be the predictors of TB.
Conclusion: The study found that there was a high rate of TB occurrence as compared to previous studies. Baseline opportunistic infections, being ambulatory and bedridden, advanced disease stage, low hemoglobin level, and not taking IPT were found to be the predictors of TB. Therefore, early detection and treatment of opportunistic infections like TB should get a special attention.
Keywords: Debre Markos, HIV, Incidence, Predictors, TB
MPPa-PDT suppresses breast tumor migration/invasion by inhibiting AKT-NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression via ROS
Authors: Huang Liyi , Lin Haidan , Chen Qing , Yu Lehua , bai dingqun
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in women, with high morbidity and mortality. Tumor metastasis is implicated in most breast cancer deaths; thus, inhibiting metastasis may provide a therapeutic direction for breast cancer. In the present study, pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester-mediated photodynamic therapy (MPPa-PDT) was used to inhibit metastasis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Methods: Uptake of MPPa was detected by fluorescence microscopy. Cell viability was evaluated by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). ROS generation was detected by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). The migration of cells was assessed by wound healing assay, and invasion ability was assessed by Matrigel invasion assay. Levels of MMP2 and MMP9 were measured by PCR. Akt, phospho-Akt (Ser473), phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536) and NF-κB p65 were measured by western blotting. The F-actin cytoskeleton was observed by immunofluorescence. Lung tissue was visualized by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: Following MPPa-PDT, migration and invasion were decreased in the MCF-7 cells. MPPa-PDT downregulated the expression of MMP2 and MMP9, which are responsible for the initiation of metastasis. MPPa-PDT reduced the phosphorylation of Akt and NF-κB. MPPa-PDT also reduced and destroyed the F-actin cytoskeleton in MCF-7 cells. These effects were blocked by the reactive oxygen species scavenger NAC or the Akt activator SC79, while the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or the Akt inhibitor triciribine enhanced these effects. Moreover, MPPa-PDT inhibited tumor metastasis and destroyed F-actin in vivo. Conclusion: Taken together, these results demonstrate that MPPa-PDT inhibits the metastasis of MCF-7 cells both in vitro and in vivo and may be involved in the Akt/NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 signaling pathway. Thus, MPPa-PDT may be a promising treatment to inhibit metastasis.

Key words: photodynamic therapy, reactive oxygen species, breast tumor, migration, invasion
Role of collateral embolization in addition to uterine artery embolization followed by hysteroscopic curettage for the management of cesarean scar pregnancy
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Li Jijun , Tang Jun , Zhang Lei , Wang Dechao , Sun zengtao
Published: September 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety and outcome of the embolization of non-gonadal collateral supplying gestational sac (GS) in addition to uterine artery embolization (UAE), followed by hysteroscopic curettage for the management of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP).
Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken from January 2012 to September 2018 in 24 CSP patients in whom non-gonadal collaterals supplying GS were identified by arterial angiography performed immediately after UAE. These patients underwent attempt collateral embolization in addition to UAE, followed by hysteroscopic curettage for the management of CSP. The 24 patients were divided into two groups based on whether they underwent technically successful collateral embolization (UAE-SCE group) or failed collateral embolization (UAE-FCE group) in addition to UAE. The baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes including time for serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels normalization, blood loss, secondary anemia, and pelvic pain were compared between the two groups. The paired t test and Man Whitney test were used for comparisons of discrete and numerical variables, respectively.
Results: Collateral embolization was techinically successful in 16 (66.7%, 16/24) patients and failed in the other 8 (33.3%, 8/24) patients. There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics. The mean blood loss and secondary anemia in the UAE-SCE group were significantly less than UAE-FCE group. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the mean time for β-hCG levels normalization and pelvic pain.
Conclusions: During the management of UAE combined with hysteroscopic curettage for CSP, additional embolization of non-gonadal collateral supplying GS during UAE is feasible and safe in patients with non-gonadal collateral supplying GS, and the additional embolization of the collateral may reduce blood bloss related to hysteroscopic curettage.
COL5A1 rs12722 polymorphism is not associated with passive muscle stiffness and sports-related muscle injury in Japanese athletes
Authors: Miyamoto-Mikami Eri , Miyamoto Naokazu , Kumagai Hiroshi , Hirata Kosuke , Kikuchi Naoki , Zempo Hirofumi , Kimura Noriko , Kamiya Nobuhiro , Kanehisa Hiroaki , Naito Hisashi , Fuku Noriyuki
Published: September 2019

Background: Poor joint flexibility has been repeatedly proposed as a risk factor for muscle injury. The C-to-T polymorphism (rs12722) in the 3′-untranslated region of the collagen type V α1 chain gene ( COL5A1 ) is reportedly associated with joint flexibility. Flexibility of a normal joint is largely determined by passive muscle stiffness, which is influenced by intramuscular collagenous connective tissues including type V collagen. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that the COL5A1 rs12722 polymorphism influences joint flexibility via passive muscle stiffness, and is accordingly associated with the incidence of muscle injury. Methods: In Study 1, we examined whether the rs12722 polymorphism is associated with joint flexibility and passive muscle stiffness in 363 healthy young adults. Joint flexibility was evaluated by passive straight-leg-raise and sit-and-reach tests, and passive muscle stiffness was measured using ultrasound shear wave elastography. In Study 2, the association of the rs12722 polymorphism with sports-related muscle injury was assessed in 1559 Japanese athletes. Muscle injury history and severity were assessed by a questionnaire. In both Study 1 and Study 2, the rs12722 C-to-T polymorphism in the COL5A1 was determined using the TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. Results: Study 1 revealed that the rs12722 polymorphism had no significant effect on range of motion in passive straight-leg-raise and sit-and-reach tests. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in passive muscle stiffness of the hamstring among the rs12722 genotypes. In Study 2, rs12722 genotype frequencies did not differ between the muscle injury and no muscle injury groups. Moreover, no association was observed between rs12722 polymorphism and severity of muscle injury. Conclusions: The present study does not support the view that COL5A1 rs12722 polymorphism has a role as a risk factor for sports-related muscle injury, or that it is a determinant for passive muscle stiffness in a Japanese population.
Prioritization approaches in the development of health practice guidelines: a systematic review
Authors: El-Harakeh Amena , Morsi Rami Z. , Fadlallah Racha , Bou-Karroum Lama , Lotfi Tamara , Akl Elie A.
Published: September 2019

Background Given the considerable efforts and resources required to develop practice guidelines, developers need to prioritize the topics and questions to address. This study aims to identify and describe prioritization approaches in the development of clinical, public health, or health systems guidelines. Methods We searched Medline and CINAHL electronic databases in addition to Google Scholar. We included papers describing prioritization approaches in sufficient detail allowing for reproducibility. We synthesized findings in a semi-quantitative way. We followed an iterative process to develop a common framework of prioritization criteria that captures all of the criteria reported by each included study. Results Our search captured 33,339 unique citations out of which we identified 10 papers reporting prioritization approaches for guideline development. All of the identified prioritization approaches focused on prioritizing guideline topics but none on prioritizing recommendation questions or outcomes. The two most frequently reported steps of the development process for these approaches were reviewing the grey literature (9 out of 10, 90%), and engaging various stakeholders (9 out of 10, 90%). We derived a common framework of 20 prioritization criteria that can be used when prioritizing guideline topics. The most frequently reported criteria were the health burden of disease which was included in all of the approaches, practice variation (8 out of 10, 80%), and impact on health outcomes (7 out of 10, 70%). Two of the identified approaches stood out as being comprehensive and detailed. Conclusions We described 10 approaches in the development of guidelines. There is a need to assess effectiveness, efficiency and transparency of the identified approaches and to develop standardized and validated priority setting tools.
Measles Outbreak Investigation in Artuma Fursi Woreda, Oromia Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2018: A case control study
Authors: Tariku Mengistie Kassahun , Misikir Sewnet Wongiel
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective: To confirm the existence of Outbreak, describe cases in person, place and time, and identify determinants of the outbreak. Unmatched case control study in the ratio of 1:4 (38 cases and 152 controls) was conducted in Artuma fursi woreda from July 13- August 1 /2018. Data were collected with standard questionnaires. Collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and exported to Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23 for analysis.
Results: A total of 38 cases and 1 death with attack rate and case fatality rate 11.8/100,000 and 2.6% respectively. All study participants had not vaccination history. Females and age group 5-14 were more affected. Being 5-14 years old versus (vs) 15 years [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) =3.53; 95% CI; 1.52-8.45)], contact with cases vs no contact with cases [AOR=2.78; 95% CI; 1.23-8.67] and travel history 7-18 days prior onset of illness vs no travel history [AOR= 2.53; 95% CI; 1.31-7.24] were significantly associated with contracting measles. Routine and supplement immunization should be strengthened to reduce future occurrence of outbreak.
Keywords: Measles, outbreak, Artuma fursi woreda
Effect of community-based distribution of misoprostol on facility delivery: a scoping review
Authors: Tiruneh Gizachew Tadele , Yakob Bereket , Ayele Wubegzier Mekonnen , Yigzaw Muluneh , Roro Meselech Assegid , Medhanyie Araya Abrha , Hailu Etenesh Gebreyohannes , Bayou Yibeltal Tebekaw
Published: September 2019

Introduction : Community distribution of misoprostol to pregnant women in advance of labor is one of the compelling strategies for preventing postpartum hemorrhage. Concerns have been reported that misoprostol distribution could reduce facility delivery or lead to misuse of the medication. This scoping review was conducted to synthesize the evidence on the effect of community-based misoprostol distribution on rates of facility delivery, and to assess the frequency of mothers taking distributed misoprostol before delivery, and any harmful outcomes of such misuse.
Methods: We included peer-reviewed articles on misoprostol implementation from PubMed, Cochrane Review Library, Popline, and Google Scholars. Narrative synthesis was used to analyze and interpret the findings, in which quantitative and qualitative syntheses are integrated.
Results: Three qualitative studies, seven observational studies, and four experimental or quasi-experimental studies were included in this study. All before-after household surveys reported increased delivery coverage after the intervention: ranging from 4 to 46 percentage points at the end of the intervention when compared to the baseline. The pooled analysis of experimental and quasi-experimental studies involving 7,564 women from four studies revealed that there was no significant difference in rates of facility delivery among the misoprostol and control groups [OR 1.011; 95% CI: 0.906-1.129]. A qualitative study among health professionals also indicated that community distribution of misoprostol for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage is acceptable to community members and stakeholders and it is a feasible interim solution until access to facility birth increases.
In the community-based distribution of misoprostol programs, self-administration of misoprostol by pregnant women before delivery was reported in less than 2% of women, among seven studies involving 11,108 mothers. Evidence also shows that most women who used misoprostol pills, used them as instructed. No adverse outcomes from misuse in either of the studies reviewed.
Conclusions: The claim that community-based distribution of misoprostol would divert women who would have otherwise had institutional deliveries to have home deliveries and promote misuse of the medication are not supported with evidence. Therefore, community-based distribution of misoprostol can be an appropriate strategy for reducing maternal deaths which occur due to postpartum hemorrhages, especially in resource-limited settings.
Predicting peripartum blood transfusion: focusing on pre-pregnancy characteristics
Authors: Ouh Yung-Taek , Lee Kyu-Min , Ahn Ki Hoon , Hong Soon-Cheol , Oh Min-Jeong , Kim Hai-Joong , Han Sung Won , Cho Geum Joon
Published: September 2019

Backgroud Obstetric hemorrhage is one of the most common causes of obstetrical morbidity and mortality, and transfusion is the most important management for hemorrhage. The aim of our study was to investigate the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy risk factors for peripartum transfusion. Methods Women who delivered a baby from 2010 to 2014 and participated in the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children were included. To analyze pre-pregnant risk factors for peripartum transfusion, an additional analysis was done for women who underwent a National Health Screening Examination within one year before pregnancy, including maternal waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure, laboratory tests and history of smoking. Results Of the total 1,980,126 women who met the inclusion criteria, 36,868 (1.86%) were transfused at peripartum. In a multivariable regression model, the pregnancy risk factors for peripartum transfusion included maternal age above 35 years [odds ratio (OR): 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32–1.50], preterm birth (OR: 2.39; 95% CI: 2.15–2.65), and maternal hypertension (OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 2.24–2.77). Pre-pregnancy risk factors including fasting glucose level of more than 126 mg/dL (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.02–1.20), current-smoker status (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06–1.37), and waist-circumference less than 80 cm (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.06–1.30) were independently associated with peripartum blood transfusion. Conclusions Several pre-pregnancy and pregnancy risk factors were associated with peripartum blood transfusion. Some identified factors are modifiable before conception, and our study validated peripartum blood transfusion as a form of triage.
Pregnancy outcomes among 31 patients with tetralogy of Fallot, a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Kana , Xin Junguo , Wang Xiaodong , Yu Haiyan , Liu Xinghui
Published: September 2019

Background

Ttralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a severe type of congenital heart disease (CHD) and confers substantial risk to mother and fetus. However, the outcomes of pregnant women with TOF have not been well studied.Methods

Women with TOF who has been seen and/or delivered at our tertiary-care hospital between April 2008 and January 2018 were retrospective reviewed.Results

A total of 31 TOF patients with pregnancies were identified in ten-year period. Among these patients, cardiac defects were surgically repaired in 19 cases and remained uncorrected in 12 women. The frequency of miscarriages and preterm birth was greater in the uncorrected group (16.67% vs one, and 50% vs 5.26%, respectively). The percentage of babies who were small for gestational age (SGA) was 41.67% and 10.53% in two groups. The neonatal mortality and fetal mortality were observed in women without correction for TOF, which were 3.23% (1/31) and 6.45(2/31), respectively. Maternal and neonatal risk appeared to be associated with heart functional classifications, pulmonary hypertension and histories of cardiac events such as serious cardiac arrhythmias.Conclusions

Obstetric and cardiac complications are more frequently present in the pregnant women with uncorrected TOF. Surgical correction is associated with improved maternal and perinatal outcome.
Assessment of antenatal depression and its associated factors among pregnant mothers who attend antenatal care service at Jinka public health facilities, Jinka town, SNNPR, Ethiopia,
Authors: Yetwale Aynalem , Gultie Teklemariam , Ajema Dessalegn , Tilahun Semahegn , Afework Bezawit
Published: September 2019

Background Antenatal depression is the most common psychiatric disorder during pregnancy and it’s associated with psychosocial and obstetric factors. Antenatal depression has serious consequences for the mother and fetus, such as recurrent spontaneous abortions, pregnancy induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia, postpartum bleeding, pre-term delivery, postnatal depressive disorders and low birth weight. However it doesn’t get appropriate attention.Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 446 pregnant women coming for antenatal care service at Jinka public health facilities, from June 01 to June 30, 2018. Data was collected through semi-structured and pretested questionnaire by face to face interview technique and Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess women’s depression condition. Collected data was entered in to Epi data version 3.3.1 after checking their completeness and exported to statistical package for social science version 20.0 for analysis. Logistic regression was used to find out association between explanatory and response variables. Explanatory variables which fulfill the assumption of logistic regression and had P-value less than 0.25 from bi-variable logistic regression were considered for the multivariable logistic regression model. Strength of association was evaluated using odds ratio at 95% confidence interval and P-value < 0.05 was considered to declare significant associations.Result The magnitude of antenatal depression in this study was 24.4%(20.2-28.5 at 95% CI) and it had statistically significant association with unmarried marital status AOR =13.39 [(95%CI); (3.11-57.7)], chronic medical illness AOR=3.97 [(95%CI); (1.07-14.7)], unplanned pregnancy AOR =6.76 [ (95%CI); (2.13-21.4)], history of abortion AOR =2.8 [(95%CI); (1.14-7.02)], history of previous pregnancy complication AOR =4.8 [(95%CI); (2.12-17.35)] and fear of pregnancy related complications AOR=5.4 [(95%CI); (2.32-12.4)].Conclusion and recommendation The magnitude of antenatal depression was high. So integrating mental health service in antenatal care assessment, provide comprehensive family planning service and improve obstetric service are recommended.
Predictive value of aberrant right subclavian artery for fetal chromosomal in women of advanced maternal age
Authors: You Jian-Hong , Chen Li-Ping , Zhong Xiao-Hong , Chen Jiang-Hua , Xie Jing-Xian , Chen Xiao-Kang , Chen Xiao-Yan , Lyu Guo-Rong
Published: September 2019

Background: In entire population, aberrant right subclavian artery ( ARSA ) was in closely association with chromosomal abnormalities. The risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities increased with the maternal age exponentially. While, the situation in advanced maternal age ( AMA ) group is uncertain. This study aimed to establish the incidence of ARSA in Chinese AMA and non-AMA women and to determine the frequency of aneuploidy among AMA and non-AMA women with ARSA. Methods: The retrospective study included 13,690 singleton pregnancies which were divided into AMA and non-AMA groups. Integrated obstetric ultrasonic screening, biochemical screening, noninvasive prenatal screening and fetal karyotype analysis were analyzed. Results: 1. The overall incidence of ARSA was 0.69 % with no difference in both groups. 2. The prevalence rate of chromosomal abnormalities in AMA group ( 37 / 2,860 ) was much higher than that in non-AMA group. The risk of chromosomal abnormalities significantly increased with both ARSA detected and additional ultrasound findings. 3. With ARSA detected, the incidence increased to 20.00 % and 10.00 % in AMA and non-AMA cases, respectively. 4. Additionally, a case with chimeric Turner syndrome ( 45X / 46XX ) was found with isolated ARSA in AMA pregnancy. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in AMA fetuses. Both isolated and nonisolated ARSA would increase the risk of chromosomal abnormalities. Moreover, when ARSA is found in AMA ones, it confers a sharp increase in the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular regulation underlying the adaptive mechanism of cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus Lindl.) to shelter covering
Authors: Tian Tian , Qiao Guang , Wen Zhuang , Deng Bin , Qiu Zhilang , Hong Yi , Wen Xiaopeng
Published: September 2019

Background Rain-shelter covering is widely applied during cherry fruit development in subtropical monsoon climates with the aim of decreasing the dropping and cracking of fruit caused by excessive rainfall. Under rain-shelter conditions, the characteristics of the leaves and fruit of the cherry plant may adapt to the changes in the microclimate. However, the molecular mechanism underlying such adaptation remains unclear, although clarifying it may be helpful for improving the yield and quality of cherry under rain-shelter conditions.Results To better understand the regulation and adaptive mechanism of cherry under rain-shelter covering, 38,621 and 3,584 differentially expressed genes were identified with the combination of Illumina HiSeq and single-molecule real-time sequencing in leaves and fruits, respectively, at three developmental stages. Among these, key genes, such as those encoding photosynthetic-antenna proteins ( Lhca and Lhcb ) and photosynthetic electron transporters (PsbP , PsbR , PsbY , and PetF ), were upregulated following the application of rain-shelter covering, leading to increased efficiency of light utilization. The mRNA levels of genes involved in carbon fixation, namely, rbcL and rbcS , were clearly increased in comparison to those under shelter-free conditions, giving rise to improved CO 2 utilization. Furthermore, the transcription levels of genes involved in chlorophyll ( hemA , hemN , and chlH ) and carotenoid synthesis ( crtB , PDS , crtISO , and lcyB ) in the sheltered leaves peaked earlier than those in the unsheltered leaves, thereby promoting organic matter accumulation in leaves. Remarkably, the expression levels of key genes involved in the metabolic pathways of phenylpropanoid ( PAL , C4H , and 4CL ) and flavonoid ( CHS , CHI , F3’H , DFR , and ANS ) in the sheltered fruits were also upregulated earlier than those in the shelter-free fruits, conducive to an increase in anthocyanin content in the fruits.Conclusions According to the physiological indicators and transcriptional expression levels of related genes, the adaptive regulation mechanism of cherry plants was systematically revealed. These findings can help understand the effect of rain-shelter covering on Chinese cherry cultivation in rainy regions.
Genome-wide epigenetic analyses in Japanese immigrant plantation workers with Parkinson’s Disease and exposure to organochlorines reveal glial genes and pathways involved in neurotoxicity
Authors: Go Rodney C.P. , Corley Michael J , Ross George Webster , Petrovich Helen , Masaki Kamal H , Maunakea Alika K , He Qimei , Tiirikainen Maarit I
Published: September 2019

Background: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a disease of the central nervous system that progressively affects the motor system. Epidemiological studies have provided evidence that exposure to agriculture-related occupations or agrichemicals elevate a person’s risk for PD. Here, we sought to examine the possible epigenetic changes associated with working on a plantation on Oahu, HI and/or exposure to organochlorines (OGC) in PD cases. Results: We measured genome-wide DNA methylation using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip array in matched peripheral blood and postmortem brain biospecimens in PD cases (n=21) assessed for years of plantation work and presence of organochlorines in brain tissue. The comparison of 10+ to 0 years of plantation work exposure detected 7 and 123 differentially methylated loci (DML) in brain and blood DNA, respectively ( P <0.0001). The comparison of cases with 4+ to 0-2 detectable levels of OGC, identified 8 and 18 DML in brain and blood DNA, respectively ( P <0.0001). Pathway analyses revealed links to key neurotoxic and neuropathologic pathways related to impaired immune and proinflammatory responses as well as impaired clearance of damaged proteins, as found in the predominantly glial cell population in these environmental exposure-related PD cases. Conclusions : These results suggest that distinct DNA methylation biomarker profiles related to environmental exposures in PD cases with previous exposure can be found in both brain and blood.
Molecular Dynamics simulations of TREM2 variants R47H and R62H show structural alterations at key binding regions leading to possible implications for mechanisms in Alzheimer’s disease.
Authors: Menzies Georgina Elizabeth , Sims Rebecca , Williams Julie
Published: September 2019

Background There is strong evidence supporting the association between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and protein-coding variants, R47H and R62H in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2). The TREM2 protein is an immune receptor protein found in brain microglia. These two variants are in a similar position in the protein but cause a different functional outcome. A structural alteration caused by the variants could be having a large effect on the protein. A crystallised structure was used to investigate structural differences. Both variants were inserted into the protein structure and these were subjected to 300ns of molecular dynamic simulation (MD) in order to investigate the link between structural change and AD risk.Results Results suggest structural alterations in both variant models of TREM2 which could be causing the reduced functional outcome. A large change was noted in the R47H model in the complementarity-determining region two (CDR2) loop, a proposed binding site for ligands such as APOE, a smaller change was observed in the R62H model in this same loop. The overall structure remained stable, possibly accounting for the reduced, not missing, function of TREM2 in disease.Conclusions These differing levels of structural impact could explain the in vitro observed differences in TREM2-ligand binding when the mutations are present. Further studies to investigate this binding loop could help not only a better understanding of TREM2’s role in the onset of dementia but also possibly provide a target for therapeutics.
Borrelia miyamotoi DNA in a patient suspected of Lyme borreliosis
Authors: Fiecek Beata , Lewandowska Grazyna , Roguska Urszula , Rozej-Bielicka Wioletta , Tylewska-Wierzbanowska Stanislawa , Chmielewski Tomasz
Published: September 2019

Background Clinical manifestations in infection caused by B. miyamotoi can mimick highly variable symptoms of Lyme disease. The aim of our studies was to detect DNA of B. miyamotoi spirochetes in clinical materials from patients suspected of neuroborreliosis(retrospectively).Methods Samples of blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid were collected from 133 patients with clinical manifestations of neuroborreliosis. Diagnosis was established by detection of IgM and / or IgG specific antibodies to B. burgdorferi with ELISA in both sera and CSF. Specificity of positive ELISA results in sera were confirmed with Western-blot test. Bacterial DNA from the collected material was extracted, amplified and sequenced.Results Among 133 patients with clinical manifestations of neuroborreliosis recognized in the years 2010-2018., DNA of B. miyamotoi was detected in CSF from 1 (0.8%) patient with extraocular optic neuritis of the left eye (GenBank accession No. MK674170 and MK674171).Conclusion Detection of B. miyamotoi in patients with central nervous system infections, will allow a better understanding of the epidemiology of infections caused by Borrelia sp. spirochetes. Patients with neurological symptoms and questionable serological findings are a serious diagnostic problem, due to failure to meet the criteria for neuroboreliosis. This indicates the need for further studies of patients with signs of CNS infection.
Procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy for suspected and confirmed sepsis of patients in a surgical-trauma ICU: a prospective, two-period cross-over, interventional study
Authors: Chomba Rispah , Moeng Maeyane Steve , Lowman Warren
Published: September 2019

Background: Biomarkers like procalcitonin (PCT) are an important antimicrobial stewardship tool for critically ill patients. The purpose of our study was to compare a procalcitonin guided antibiotic algorithm to standard antibiotic treatment in surgical trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: A prospective, two period cross-over study was conducted in a surgical trauma intensive care unit in South Africa. In the first period, 40 patients were recruited into the control group and antibiotics were discontinued as per standard of care. In the second period, 40 patients were recruited into the procalcitonin group and antibiotics were discontinued if the PCT decreased by ≥ 80% from the peak PCT level, or to an absolute value of less than 0.5 µg/L. Antibiotic duration of treatment was the primary outcome. Patients were followed up for 28 days from the first sepsis event.Results: For the first sepsis event the PCT group had a mean antibiotic duration of 9.3 days while the control group had a mean duration of 10.9 days (p=0.10). Patients in the intervention group had more antibiotic free days alive (mean 7.7±6.57 days) compared to the control group ﴾mean 3.8±5.22 days, (p=0.004﴿. The length of ICU stay and length of hospital stay for the two groups were similar. The in-hospital mortality was reduced in the intervention group (15%) compared to the control group (30%).Conclusion: There was no significant difference in duration of antibiotic treatment between the two groups. However, the PCT group had more antibiotic free days alive and lower in-hospital mortality compared to the control group.Trial registration: Pan African clinical trial registry, PACTR201909715467725, date of registration: 20.9.2019; retrospectively registered, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/Search.aspx
Antibacterial effect of propolis nanoparticles against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in the root canal
Authors: Parolia Abhishek , Kumar Haresh Kumar , Ramamurthy Srinivasan Ramamurthy , Pau Allan
Published: October 2019

Background: To determine the antibacterial effect of propolis nanoparticles (PNs) as an endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in root canal. Methods: PNs were prepared by ultrasonication and the particle size distribution and polydispersity index were determined by dynamic light scattering using Zetasizer Nano S90. 210 extracted human teeth were sectioned to obtain 6mm of the middle third of the root. The root canal was enlarged to an internal diameter of 0.9mm. The specimens were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. Following this, specimens were randomly divided into seven groups having 30 dentinal blocks in each group including group I: saline, group II: propolis 100µg/ml, group III: propolis 300µg/ml, group IV: propolis nanoparticle 100µg/ml, group V: propolis nanoparticle 300µg/ml, group VI: 6% sodium hypochlorite, group VII: 2% chlorhexidine. Dentine shavings were collected at 200 and 400 μm depths, and total numbers of CFUs were determined at the end of one, five, and ten minutes. The non-parametric Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the differences in reduction of CFUs between all groups and probability values of P < 0.05 were set as the reference for statistically significant results. The scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscopy were also performed after exposure to PNs. Results: PN300 was significantly more effective in reducing CFUs compared to all other groups (p <0.05) except 6% NaOCl and 2% CHX (p >0.05) at all-time intervals and both depths. At five minutes, 6% NaOCl and 2 % CHX were the most effective in reducing CFUs (p <0.05) however, no significant difference was found in between PN300, 6% NaOCl and 2 % CHX at 10 minutes (p >0.05). SEM images also showed the maximum reduction of E. faecalis with PN300, 6% NaOCl and 2% CHX (>90 %) at five and ten minutes. CLSM images showed the number of dead cells in dentin was highest with PN300 (>90%) compared to PN100 (>40%) and saline (all live cells). Conclusion: PN300 was equally effective as 6% NaOCl, and 2% CHX in reducing E. faecalis CFUs after one minute, five and ten minutes at both depths.
Investigating the Utilization of Ground Palm Kernel Shells for Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete Using Nondestructive Method
Authors: Armah Esau Abekah , Koffi Hubert Azoda , Sogbey Bright J. A. Y , Amuzu Josef K. Ametefe
Published: September 2019

The objective of this research is to investigate the utilization of palm kernel shells in ground form (GPK) for partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in concrete by investigating its optimal strength using nondestructive ultrasonic pulse velocity method for both cubic and cylindrical concrete test specimen. In all a total of 135 cubes and 66 cylinders of concrete were prepared. The dimension of the cubic concrete specimens was 150 × 150 × 150 mm and that of the cylindrical specimens were 110 mm and 500 mm diameter and length respectively. The mix design of the GPK shells used as a partial replacement for OPC ranged between 0% and 50% by weight of cement using mix ratio of 1:2:4 with water to cement ratio of 0.8. The concrete specimens were test at curing periods of 7 days, 28 days and 60 days for the cubes and 7 days and 28 days for the cylinders.  Based on the results and the analysis done, it was generally observed in all cases that, as the mix ratio is increased, the ultrasonic pulse velocity, modulus of elasticity and the density decreased and as the curing period increased, these values increased across all the mix ratios. The ultrasonic pulse velocity and the density of the specimens shows that concretes containing GPK “fuel” shells has higher values than those containing GPK ordinary shells. Generally, the density, ultrasonic pulse velocity and the modulus of elasticity of concrete containing GPK shells decrease as the replacement percentage increase.
Rainwater for drinking in Vietnam: barriers and strategies
Authors: Thuy Bui Thi , Dao Anh Dung , Han Mooyong , Nguyen Duc Canh , Nguyen Viet Anh , Park Hyunju , Luan Pham Dang Manh Hong , Duyen Nguyen Thi Thanh , Nguyen Hong Quan
Published: September 2019

For many decades in Vietnam, rainwater harvesting has been widely used as a nature-based solution in rural areas, aiming at good-quality drinking water with low cost and little energy. Recently, rainwater for drinking has attracted much attention from the Vietnam government. Furthermore, despite its efforts, the outcomes are not as expected due to local barriers. This paper reviewed rainwater for drinking demonstration projects in some specific areas of Vietnam, with identification of the technical, economic, and social barriers, further suggesting possible overcome strategies. A lesson learnt from this study would be the principle of promoting rainwater for drinking in developing countries, looking forward to sustainability.