bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Huntington’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Sharma Aditi , Behl Tapan , Sharma Lalit , Aelya Lotfi , Bungau Simona
Published: February 2021

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a prototypical neurodegenerative disease, preferentially
disrupting the neurons of the striatum and cortex. Progressive motor dysfunctions, psychiatric disturbances,
behavioral impairments, and cognitive decline are the clinical symptoms of HD progression.
The disease occurs due to expanded CAG repeats in exon 1 of huntingtin protein (mHtt), causing
its aggregation. Multiple cellular and molecular pathways are involved in HD pathology. Mitochondria,
as vital organelles have an important role in most neurodegenerative diseases like HD.
Over the years, the role of mitochondria in neurons has highly diverged; they not only contribute as
a cell power source, but also as dynamic organelles that fragment and then fuse to attain a maximal
bioenergetics performance, regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species
(ROS) generation, antioxidant activity and involved in apoptotic pathways. Indeed, these events
are observed to be affected in HD, resulting in neuronal dysfunction in pre-symptomatic stages.
MHtt causes critical transcriptional abnormality by altering the expression of a master co-regulator,
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), leading to increased
susceptibility to oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration. Moreover, mHtt influences multiple
cellular signaling events, which end with mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we resume recent findings
that pose mitochondria as an important regulatory organelle in HD and how mHtt affects mitochondrial
function, trafficking and homeostasis and makes neurons prone to degeneration. Besides,
we also uncover the mitochondrial-based potential targets and therapeutic approaches with imminent
or currently ongoing clinical trials.
Recent Trends in Carbon Nanotubes Based Prostate Cancer Therapy: A
Biomedical Hybrid for Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Raman Sureshkumar , Murugesan Raja
Published: February 2021

:

At present, treatment methods for cancer are limited, partially due to the solubility, poor
cellular distribution of drug molecules and the incapability of drugs to cross the cellular barriers.
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) generally have excellent physio-chemical properties, which include
High-level penetration into the cell membrane, high surface area, and high capacity of drug-loading
by circulating modification with biomolecules, projecting them as an appropriate candidate to
diagnose and deliver drugs to Prostate Cancer (PCa). Additionally, the chemically modified CNTs
possess excellent 'biosensing' properties, thus helping them detect the PCa easily without a fluorescent
agent and additionally, targeting the particular site of PCa. In this way, drug delivery can accomplish
high efficacy, enhanced permeability with less toxic effects. While CNTs have been mainly
engaged in cancer treatment, a few studies are focused on the diagnosis and treatment of PCa.
Here, we have meticulously reviewed the current progress of the CNTs-based diagnosis and the targeted
drug delivery system for managing and curing PCa.
Psoriasis Lesion Detection Using Hybrid Seeker Optimization-based Image Clustering
Authors: Dash Manoranjan , Londhe Narendra Digambar , Ghosh Subhojit , Raj Ritesh , Sonawane Rajendra
Published: February 2021

Background:

In recent years, there has been a massive increase in the number of people
suffering from psoriasis. For proper psoriasis diagnosis, psoriasis lesion segmentation is a prerequisite
for quantifying the severity of this disease. However, segmentation of psoriatic lesions
cannot be evaluated just by visual inspection as they exhibit inter and intra variability among the
severity classes. Most of the approaches currently pursued by dermatologists are subjective in nature.
The existing conventional clustering algorithm for objective segmentation of psoriasis lesion
suffers from limitations of premature local convergence.

Objective:

An alternative method for psoriatic lesion segmentation with objective analysis is
sought in the present work. The present work aims at obtaining optimal lesion segmentation by
adopting an evolutionary optimization technique that possesses a higher probability of global convergence
for psoriasis lesion segmentation.

Method:

A hybrid evolutionary optimization technique based on the combination of two swarm intelligence
algorithms, namely Artificial Bee Colony and Seeker Optimization algorithm, has been
proposed. The initial population for the hybrid technique is obtained from the two conventional local-
based approaches, i.e., Fuzzy C-means and K-means clustering algorithms.

Results:

The initial population selection from the convergence of classical techniques reduces the
effect of population dynamics on the final solution and hence yields precise lesion segmentation
with a Jaccard Index of 0.91 from 720 psoriasis images.

Conclusion:

The performance comparison reflects the superior performance of the proposed algorithm
over other swarm intelligence and conventional clustering algorithms.
Administration of Autologous Mesenchymal Cells for the Treatment of Arthritis
Authors: Prodromos Chadwick , Rumschlag Tobias
Published: February 2021

Background:

Injection of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) as stromal vascular
fraction, culture expanded adipose derived stem cells, minimally manipulated fat graft, bone
marrow aspirate or cultured bone marrow MSCs, for osteo- and inflammatory arthritis have shown
good clinical efficacy in many studies. Questions have been raised as to their safety despite no evidence
known to us that they are unsafe when used this way. We hypothesized that AMSC injections
are completely safe for the treatment of arthritis.

Methods:

A PubMed literature search was performed to identify adverse events specifically related
to the injection of autologous mesenchymal or hematopoietic stem cells into arthritic joints or intravenously.

Results:

2,011 reported injections were found. No stem cell specific adverse events were identified.
Specifically no infections, tumorigenesis, or chondrolysis from collagenase were found.

Conclusion:

Intra-articular injection of autologous mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of
arthritis is completely safe with no stem cell specific adverse events yet documented, and no increased
risk compared with other traditional treatments for arthritis.
Endemik guatrın dünü, bugünü ve yarını
Authors: SEZGİN Yılmaz
Published: February 2021

Otuz yılı aşkın bir süredir devam eden iyot takviyeli beslenme önerilerinin ilgili toplumlarda oluşturduğu etkiler üzerine birbiri ile çelişkili yayınlar mevcuttur. Bu çalışmanın amacı hem dünyada hem de Türkiye’deki endemik guatr sebebiyle önerilen iyot takviyeli beslenme etkilerini değerlendirmektir. İyot takviyeli beslenme, adelosanlarda idrar iyot seviyelerinin düşük bulunması nedeniyle başlatılmıştır. Sözkonusu bu çalışmaların kısıtlılığı göz ardı edilerek endemik guatr bölgeleri belirlenmiştir. Son çalışmalardaki bulgular, iyot replasman tedavisinin otoimmuniteyi arttırdığına ve hipertroidi insidansını yükselttiğine işaret etmektedir. İyot takviyesinin bile hipotroidi oranlarını azaltmak yerine arttırdığı iddia edilmektedir. Bu yüzden iyot takviyeli beslenme yaklaşımlarının yakından takip edilmesi gerekmektedir. Sonuç olarak iyot takviyeli beslenme proğramlarının yeniden değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini öneriyoruz.
Sağlık Bilimleri Öğrencilerinin Flört Şiddeti Tutumlarının Şiddete Karşı Profesyonel Rolleri İle İlişkisi
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Ruşen , METE Duygu , ALTINTAŞ Merve , PEKMEZ Mehmet Ali
Published: February 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada amaç, sağlık bilimleri bölümlerinde okuyan öğrencilerin, flört şiddetine yönelik tutum ve deneyimleri ile şiddete yönelik profesyonel rollerine yönelik tutumları arasında ilişkinin araştırılmasıdır. Yöntem: Araştırma, kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı bir çalışma olarak planlanmıştır. Hemşirelik, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi ve Sağlık hizmetlerinde öğrenim gören, amaca yönelik örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiş ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden öğrenciler çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, belirtilen bölümlerde okumakta olan 560 öğrenciye ulaşılmıştır. Veri toplama formu olarak katılımcılara, Bireysel Tanıtım Formu, Flört Şiddetine Yönelik Tutum Ölçekleri ve Şiddette Mesleki Rollerine İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin, flört şiddetine yönelik tutum ölçeği toplam puanı 118,81±14,6 (min=77.00, maks=219), şiddette mesleki rollerine ilişkin tutum ölçeği toplam puanı 45.60±5.30 (min=15.00, maks=75.00) olarak saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin,%15.4’ünün şu anki flört ilişkilerinde şiddet gördüğü, flört şiddetinde (%87.2) en çok psikolojik şiddete maruz kaldıkları görülmektedir. Her iki ölçeğin toplam puanları ve alt boyutları arasında yapılan analizde orta ve zayıf düzeyde ileri derecede anlamlı farklıklar elde edildiği saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Erkek öğrencilerin, Flört Şiddetine Yönelik Tutum Ölçekleri ve Şiddette Mesleki Rollerine İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği puan ortalamalarının kız öğrencilerin ortalamalarından anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Öğrencilerin flört şiddetine yönelik tutumları ile şiddete yönelik mesleki tutumları arasında anlamlı ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin, flört şiddetine yönelik kabullenen tutumları yükseldikçe, şiddette mesleki rollerine ilişkin tutumlarında da geleneksel yaklaşımın arttığı saptanmıştır. Bu nedenle, lisans döneminde verilen kültüre özgü ve özellikle de erkek öğrencilere verilecek olan şiddet eğitiminin, bireysel olarak şiddetin deneyiminin yaşanmamasında ve mesleki süreçte sağlık profesyoneli olarak şiddetin önlenmesinde etkili bir adım olacağı öngörülmektedir.
DIURETIC RESISTANCE IN ADVANCED HEART FAILURE: A Literature Review
Authors: Surya Santoso Anita , Saifur Rohman Mohammad , Prasetya Indra , Satrijo Budi
Published: February 2021

Advanced heart failure (HF) is used to characterized patients in HF with severe symptoms, recurrent decompensation and severe cardiac dysfunction. The prevalencekof HFkis approximatelyg1-2% of thecadult population inhdeveloped countries and it will be rising more than 10%pamongapeoplec>70ayears of age, whereas estimated theoprevalence ofcpatients with advanced HF is about 1% until 10%cof thekoverallkHFopopulation. Most ofkthe HF hospitalizationssare due to signs and symptoms of fluidcoverload.Recurrent congestionccould worsen patientssoutcomes.Loopdiureticssare recommended for thectreatmentcofkcongestionqinprHF patient. cHowever,cdiureticvresistanceeispavcommon problem issueiinpacuteqdecompensationtofcadvancedochronicrheartwfailureq(ACHF) patients and established prognostic factor. Some early reports estimated the prevalence of diuretic resistance about 20%-30% in HF population. In this review, we will be discuss how to diagnose the advancedvheartufailurepand the underlying mechanism of diuretic resistancebin HF patients. We also describe pharmacologicalvand non-pharmacologicalstrategies to overcome this issue.
A Wake-up Call for Burnout in Portuguese Physicians During the COVID-19 Outbreak: National Survey Study
Authors: Ferreira Sónia , Sousa Mafalda Machado , Moreira Pedro Silva , Sousa Nuno , Picó-Pérez Maria , Morgado Pedro
Published: February 2021

Background

The COVID-19 outbreak has imposed physical and psychological pressure on health care professionals, including frontline physicians. Hence, evaluating the mental health status of physicians during the current pandemic is important to define future preventive guidelines among health care stakeholders.

Objective

In this study, we intended to study alterations in the mental health status of Portuguese physicians working at the frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic and potential sociodemographic factors influencing their mental health status.

Methods

A nationwide survey was conducted during May 4-25, 2020, to infer differences in mental health status (depression, anxiety, stress, and obsessive compulsive symptoms) between Portuguese physicians working at the frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic and other nonfrontline physicians. A representative sample of 420 participants stratified by age, sex, and the geographic region was analyzed (200 frontline and 220 nonfrontline participants). Moreover, we explored the influence of several sociodemographic factors on mental health variables including age, sex, living conditions, and household composition.

Results

Our results show that being female (β=1.1; t=2.5; P=.01) and working at the frontline (β=1.4; t=2.9; P=.004) are potential risk factors for stress. In contrast, having a house with green space was a potentially beneficial factor for stress (β=–1.5; t=–2.5; P=.01) and anxiety (β=–1.1; t=–2.4; P=.02).

Conclusions

It is important to apply protective mental health measures for physicians to avoid the long-term effects of stress, such as burnout.
Assessment of Outcomes of Immediately Loaded Dental Implants in Orofacial Cleft Patients: Protocol for a Single-Arm Clinical Trial
Authors: Mallick Rizwana , Pisulkar Sweta Kale , Reddy Srinivas Gosla
Published: February 2021

Background

Orofacial cleft, one of the most common congenital deformities, presents with a plethora of defects, subjecting the patient to a multitude of treatments from a young age. Among the oral hard tissue problems, absence of a maxillary permanent tooth in the cleft region either due to congenital absence or extraction due to compromised prognosis is a common finding. Conventionally, the missing tooth is replaced using a removable or fixed partial denture; however, the treatment modality does not satisfactorily meet patient expectations. The most recent decade has seen increasing use of dental implants in the cleft region; however, the outcome of an immediately loaded dental implant is still elusive for orofacial cleft patients.

Objective

This protocol is for a single-arm clinical trial aimed at determining the treatment outcome of immediately loaded dental implants in patients with a nonsyndromic orofacial cleft.

Methods

Patients meeting the set criteria will be sequentially enrolled until a sample size of 30 dental implants is met and will undergo the proposed treatment according to the predecided protocol. All patients will be followed up at the designated time intervals to record various clinical and radiographic parameters. Implant success will be defined based on the criteria elucidated by Misch et al in the Pisa, Italy Consensus. A quality-of-life assessment questionnaire will also be recorded at the end of patient’s follow-up to determine their acceptance of the treatment.

Results

A total of 30 dental implants will be placed in patients with a nonsyndromic orofacial cleft. Obtained results will be statistically analyzed to determine the treatment outcomes and success.

Conclusions

This study will help determine the feasibility of immediately loaded dental implants in compromised bone sites such as those presented in cleft patients and will help in generating findings that can be used to fill the lacunae currently present in the holistic treatment of cleft patients.

Trial Registration

Clinical Trial Registry of India CTRI/2020/09/027997; http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid1=47659&EncHid=&userName=dental%20implants

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/25244
Korelasi asupan makronutrien dengan indeks massa tubuh, kadar gula darah, dan protein total darah pada pengguna narkoba
Authors: Siahaan Ginta , Bakara Tiarlince , Yusnita Yusnita , Kasmiyeti Kasmiyeti
Published: February 2021

Correlation of macronutrient intake with body mass index, blood sugar levels, and total blood protein in drug usersBackground: Random blood sugar level and total blood protein need to be measured among drug users because their macronutrient intakes (carbohydrates, fat, protein, and energy) are not appropriate to the pattern of daily habits before uses drugs. Drug users had decreased appetite during the influence and withdrawal symptoms of drugs with the impacts on their body mass index (BMI). Objective: To analyze the correlation of macronutrient intakes between the random blood sugar level, total blood protein, and BMI drug users.Methods: This research was conducted with a cross-sectional design and observational study. 73 drug users were included in the study with the screening by inclusion criteria. 24-hour food recall was used to collect the macronutrient intakes, random blood sugar levels and total blood protein were monitored by the GOD-PAP method, and BMI was measured by weight and height. Data analysis used Pearson’s correlation test in bivariate and multivariate was carried out by multiple linear regressions. Results: Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between macronutrient intakes (energy, carbohydrate, fat) with random blood sugar level, total blood protein, and BMI. BMI was the most affected by energy (β=0.531), random blood sugar level was the most affected by carbohydrates (β=0.073), and total blood protein was the most affected by protein (β=0.837).Conclusions: Macronutrient intake is significantly related to BMI, random blood sugar levels, and total blood protein in drug users. Community collaboration with related parties such as the public health service and National Narcotics Agency will very quickly detect drug side effects early on eating disorders that will affect the nutritional status of its users.
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and relationship with socioeconomic status in the Indonesian population
Authors: Indrahadi Deri , Wardana Amika , Pierewan Adi Cilik
Published: February 2021

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing globally and remains debated. Objective: This study examines the association of socioeconomic status with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Data obtained from the 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS), a nationally representative population survey data, which polled 30,497 individuals age 16 years and over in 13 provinces in Indonesia. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the prevalence of diabetes mellitus with socioeconomic status. Results: Education level, employment status, age, and hypertension are related to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. According to educational level, individuals with lower education level were more likely to have diabetes mellitus than those who had a higher level of education (OR=1.42; 95% CI: 1.21-1.67), higher risk was also found in those who were unemployed (OR=1.55; 95% CI: 1.33-1.82). Besides, age and hypertension were independent factors for a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, age >55 (OR=4.71; 95% CI: 4.06-5.46), hypertension (OR=5.86; 95% CI: 5.00-6.87). Diabetes mellitus also show significantly higher among individuals living in urban areas compared to individuals living in rural areas (OR=2.13; 95% CI: 1.78-2.55). Conclusions: Socioeconomic status has a significant association with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among people above 15 years old in Indonesia. The government needs to design a preventive program to control this disease by considering the risk factors that may lead to the development of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia.
Resilience and Empowerment through Higher Education in Kakuma Refugee Camp: A Conversation
Authors: O’Keeffe Paul , Niyonkuru Samuel
Published: February 2021

Resilience and empowerment are concepts that recently have become popularised in the world of forced displacement management policy and practice. Often undervalued and dismissed as being buzzwords, these concepts have become bound up in the burgeoning study of higher education in refugee contexts. This article explores these themes in the frame of a real-world experience of studying a blended learning medical studies course in Kakuma refugee camp and the impact it has had on an individual’s life and that of his community. Building on the academic discourse, we present a case study of the individual’s experience of studying an online and face-to-face course in Kakuma refugee camp and subsequently undertaking an internship with a local health care organisation. Through a discursive conversation, the subject of the case study reveals the positive impact this educational experience has fostered in his life by instilling resilience and empowering him to become a force for positive change in his community.
NEKOLIKO CRTICA O ISTORIJSKOM RAZVOJU KOMUNIKACIJE; POGLED IZ UGLA NOVOG VREMENA
Authors: Katana Ljupka
Published: February 2021

Kroz nekoliko crtica, daću osvrt na istorijski razvoj ljudske komunikacije, kao predmeta rada, razmotren od perioda znanog razvitka, do danas. Polazim od osnovnog određenja pojma, da bih daljim tekstom i kroz literaturu akademskih autora, razložila periode začetaka i osvrt svela na razmatranje komunikološke prakse na nivou današnjice.
Kroz istorijsko-teorijske opite valja doći do uvida u osnovu nauke o komunikaciji, najpre putem analize rezultata nekih od prethodnih radova. Time i sagledavanje načina kojim su autori posmatrali alate u komuniciranju ranije civilizacije i ishoda koje su uvideli, kako bi se postavila baza daljeg istraživačkog rada. Metode koje se koriste u radu čine retrospektivu uvida u istorijske analize pojedinih istraživača ove oblasti. U radu se koristi i uporedna metoda, u smislu uvida u interpretaciju traženih pojmova. Rezultati rada pokazali su da, iako česta tema istraživanja, komunikaciju je potrebno dublje sagledati, najpre kroz osnove njenog razvoja, dakle uvidom u njene početke (i prapočetke). U skladu s tim, rezultati bi trebalo da pokazažu da valja raditi na unapređenju kvaliteta ljudske komunikacije savremenog doba, koja je moguća jedino kroz analizu i početni osvrt (najpre) njene istorije.
РАДИАЦИОННО СТОЙКОЕ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ НАНОМЕТРОВЫХ КМОП СБИС: РЕАЛИИ И МИФЫ
Authors: Герасимов Ю.М. , Григорьев Н.Г. , Петричкович Я.Я.
Published: February 2021

На основе анализа доминирующих радиационных эффектов в нанометровых (суб-100 нм) КМОП СБИС объемного кремния (ОК) типа «система на кристалле» (СнК) и ОЗУ рассмотрены наиболее эффективные методы радиационно стойкого проектирования. Показано, что использование совокупности этих методов позволяет добиться высоких показателей радиационной стойкости для КМОП СБИС ОК без существенного ухудшения потребительских характеристик.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНОЙ СХЕМЫ КОНТРОЛЛЕРОВ ПРОЕКЦИОННО-ЕМКОСТНЫХ СЕНСОРНЫХ ПАНЕЛЕЙ ДЛЯ СЛОЖНОЙ ПОМЕХОВОЙ ОБСТАНОВКИ
Authors: Тикменов В.Н. , Скляров С.В. , Автушенко И.В. , Воронов А.С.
Published: February 2021

Рассмотрены вопросы проектирования измерительной схемы сенсорной панели. Проанализированы подходы к повышению стойкости к внешним помехам. Приведены результаты моделирования работы различных вариантов измерительных схем, определены их преимущества и недостатки, предложен алгоритм повышения устойчивости работы сенсора.
ПРОГРАММА ВЫБОРА ПАРЕТО-ОПТИМАЛЬНЫХ РЕШЕНИЙ ДЛЯ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ
Authors: Иванова К.М.
Published: February 2021

В статье описана предлагаемая программа, осуществляющая поиск парето-оптимальных вариантов выбора альтернатив для интеллектуальной системы (ИС) принятия решений. Программа разработана на языке программирования C++. Модели альтернатив вводятся в систему с помощью соответствующих формализаций. После этого формируются комбинации альтернатив, которые оцениваются с помощью различных заданных показателей и далее формируется множество Парето, которое выводится в блок принятия решений, а графическое представление - в блок вывода данных.
ЭЛЕКТРОННО-ОПТИЧЕСКИЙ ПРИБОР «ЗОДИАК»
Authors: Андряков А.А. , Малыгин Д.В.
Published: February 2021

В работе представлен анализ наукоемкой продукции - оптических датчиков системы ориентации и стабилизации для наноспутников. Представлена технология построения и архитектура электронно-оптического прибора «Зодиак» для системы ориентации и стабилизации платформы «Синергия» блочно-модульного типа.
НЕОБХОДИМОСТЬ В НОВЫХ МЕТОДАХ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЕМ
Authors: Боков С.И. , Сучков К.И. , Фенюк Ю.М.
Published: February 2021

С 2014 года по настоящее время в отношении Российской Федерации ведущими странами Запада введены ограничительные политические и экономические санкции, в результате чего правительством России была пересмотрена программа развития российской экономики в сторону развития программы замещения оборудования и комплектующих иностранного производства российскими аналогами. В данной статье предложены новые методы управления импортозамещением, а именно комплексная оценка зависимости отечественной гражданской и оборонной продукции от применения в ней комплектующих иностранного производства (в частности электронной компонентной базы). Проведение подобной оценки способствует повышению эффективности планирования и оценки мероприятий импортозамещения, а также дает возможность рассмотреть применение электронной компонентной базы в критически важных направлениях.
GAAS МОНОЛИТНЫЕ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫЕ СХЕМЫ ШИРОКОПОЛОСНЫХ СМЕСИТЕЛЕЙ ЧАСТОТЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ДИОДОВ С БАРЬЕРОМ ШОТТКИ
Authors: Данилов Д.С. , Дроботун Н.Б.
Published: February 2021

В данной статье представлены результаты разработки двух микросхем пассивных широкополосных смесителей частоты с рабочими диапазонами частот 8-26 и 26-50 ГГц для радиочастотных сигналов и диапазонами промежуточных частот 1-6 и 1-12 ГГц соответственно. Устройства реализованы на основе монолитной интегральной технологии (МИС) на подложке из арсенида галлия (GaAs). Особенностью данных микросхем является широкая полоса рабочих частот при высокой промежуточной частоте (ПЧ).
РАСЧЕТ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ЭЛЕКТРОСТАТИЧЕСКОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ТОРСИОННЫМ МИКРОЗЕРКАЛОМ НА БАЗЕ ТОНКОПЛЕНОЧНОЙ МЕМБРАННОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ
Authors: Белова С.Д. , Чиненков М.Ю. , Орешкин Г.И. , Демин Г.Д. , Ким П.П.
Published: February 2021

Проведено моделирование электростатической деформации микрозеркала, состоящего из диэлектрической мембраны, закрепленной на упругом торсионном подвесе. Рассчитана собственная частота колебаний углового положения микрозеркала при заданной частоте и амплитуде управляющего напряжения.
ПЛАНАРНЫЕ МАГНИТОГИДРОДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛИ
Authors: Криштоп В.Г. , Дудкин П.В. , Жевненко Д.А. , Криштоп Т.В.
Published: February 2021

Электрохимические преобразователи на основе магнитогидродинамического эффекта (МГД) предназначены для преобразования внешнего механического возмущения в электрический ток. Гибридные МГД-системы с постоянным опорным диффузионным током демонстрируют более слабый спад АЧХ на ВЧ по сравнению с МГД-датчиками без тока смещения.
РАЗРАБОТКА И ПРОИЗВОДСТВО СИСТЕМ ЦИФРОВОГО МОНИТОРИНГА РАБОТЫ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ БЕСПРОВОДНЫХ ДАТЧИКОВ И МИКРОЭЛЕКТРОМЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ (МЭМС)
Authors: Морозов Б.М. , Чепахин В.Г. , Тимошенков С.П. , Соломкина Н.А. , Тимошенков А.С.
Published: February 2021

На конкурентоспособность предприятий влияют простои и отказы промышленного оборудования. В статье приведены пути решения данной проблемы, а именно применение датчиков на основе МЭМС-технологии. Продемонстрированы разные типы датчиков и типы оборудования, в которых они применяются. Также описан отечественный комплексный датчик, который поможет решить проблему мониторинга промышленного оборудования.
Universidad de Mérida y el fortalecimiento del clero secular en Yucatán, siglos XVII-XVIII
Authors: Patrón Sarti Rafael , Aguirre Salvador Rodolfo
Published: February 2021

En el siglo xvii hubo una oleada de aperturas de universidades en la América hispana a cargo de jesuitas y dominicos. En la historiografía aún falta mucho por saber del papel que estas universidades, en manos de religiosos, desempeñaron en las sociedades. El presente artículo pone como ejemplo a la Universidad de Mérida de Yucatán, a cargo de la Compañía de Jesús, la cual abrió sus puertas en 1624. Por una parte, analiza la importancia de las cátedras y los grados de la universidad jesuita en la formación y el ascenso eclesiástico del clero secular del obispado. Y por la otra, explica el gran interés que tuvo el obispado de Yucatán en la buena marcha de esa universidad, al ser el principal semillero de la clerecía y parte de un proyecto más amplio para secularizar las doctrinas franciscanas en beneficio de la Iglesia diocesana.
Camilo Alexander Zambrano Cardona, Luisa de Venero, una encomendera en Santafé. Microhistoria de las mujeres encomenderas en el Nuevo Reino de Granada, siglo XVI
Authors: Bonnet Velez Diana Ines
Published: February 2021

Reseña sobre Camilo Alexander Zambrano Cardona, Luisa de Venero, una encomendera en Santafé. Microhistoria de las mujeres encomenderas en el Nuevo Reino de Granada, siglo XVI (Bogotá: Universidad del Rosario, 2019).
San Francisco el Viejo al Nuevo en la ciudad de México
Authors: Ramirez Mendez Jessica , Rovira Morgado Rossend
Published: February 2021

Abordamos en este artículo que el emplazamiento de la primera casa de los franciscanos en la ciudad de México (1524-1525), lejos de estar completamente despejado, presenta aún profundos claroscuros para la investigación de los estadios más tempranos en la historia de la urbe novohispana. Se cuestionan las propuestas previas de localización de este prístino inmueble —Catedral y colindancias de la actual Plaza de la Constitución— a la luz del análisis de material archivístico inédito, y en íntima conexión con varias fuentes cronísticas de factura indígena. Tras el examen de tales evidencias, se plantea que San Francisco el Viejo se ubicó en los predios relacionados con el antiguo convento de Santa Clara (Tacuba 29, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México). Es más: esta propuesta en torno a la primera ubicación franciscana pretende abrir la puerta para replantearnos la forma de pensar la organización urbana en estos primeros años después de la Conquista.
Andrés Reséndez, La otra esclavitud. Historia oculta del esclavismo indígena
Authors: Rodríguez Galarza Paulina Sayuri
Published: February 2021

Reseña sobre Andrés Reséndez, La otra esclavitud. Historia oculta del esclavismo indígena, trad. de Maia F. Miret y Stella Mastrangelo (México: Grano de Sal; México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, 2019).
Alternativa quirúrgica de reparación duodenal en pediatría (presentación de caso), Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral (HIRRC), República Dominicana
Authors: Cabrera Valerio Carlos , Roa Firelys , Castillo Rosa
Published: February 2021

Introducción: el trauma cerrado de abdomen en pediatría ocasiona lesión de órganos abdominales en 8-12 % de la población, siendo lesiones duodenales solo el 10 % de estas, por lo que son poco frecuentes en pediatría. La principal causa de lesión duodenal se relaciona con abuso infantil, siendo los accidentes de vehículos de motor el segundo mecanismo más común. Cuando se trata de lesiones no destructivas, la reparación primaria del duodeno es razonable. Sin embargo, las lesiones destructivas ameritan estrategias de reparación más complejas.

Material y Método: presentamos paciente masculino de tres años edad con lesión duodenal grado III en ángulo duodenoyeyunal, la misma fue intervenida inicialmente mediante anastomosis primaria, presentado posterior dehiscencia. En su segunda intervención se realiza cierre duodenal distal y anastomosis gastroyeyunal, favoreciendo flujo retrogrado de vías biliares a estómago, con adecuada evolución.

Conclusión: existen múltiples abordajes quirúrgicos, los cuales representan aun hoy gran morbilidad. El cierre duodenal con la posterior decisión de cómo derivar las vías biliares, es probablemente el mayor desafío. Se plantea la posibilidad del cierre duodenal distal a las vías biliares, con drenaje retrógrado. Por lo cual la gastroyeyunostomía es una técnica alternativa en pediatría en la reparación de lesiones complejas del duodeno.
Hyperbaric oxygen for intracranial abscess
Authors:   University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Fort Worth, Texas U.S., Tomoye Edward O. , Moon Richard E. ,   Depts of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke Univ, North Carolina U.S.
Published: February 2021

The term “intracranial abscess” (ICA) includes cerebral abscess, subdural empyema, and epidural empyema, which share many diagnostic and therapeutic similarities and, frequently, very similar etiologies. Infection may occur and spread from a contiguous infection such as sinusitis, otitis, mastoiditis, or dental infection; hematogenous seeding; or cranial trauma. In view of the high morbidity and mortality of ICA and the fact that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) is relatively non-invasive and carries a low complication rate, the risk-benefit ratio favors adjunct use of HBO2 therapy in selected patients with intracranial abscess.
The effect of the perfluorocarbon emulsion OxycyteTM in an ovine model of severe decompression illness
Authors:   Department of Anesthesia, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland U.S., Cronin William A , Khan Kiel ,   Internal Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California U.S., Hall Aaron A ,   Undersea Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland U.S., Bodo Michael ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana U.S., Mahon Richard T. ,   Undersea Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland U.S.
Published: February 2021

Background: The treatment of decompression sickness (DCS) with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) serves to decrease intravascular bubble size, increase oxygen (O2) delivery to tissue and enhance the elimination of inert gas. Emulsified perfluorocarbons (PFC) combined with breathing O2 have been shown to have similar effects animal models. We studied an ovine model of severe DCS treated with the intravenous PFC OxycyteTM while breathing O2 compared to saline control also breathing O2. Methods: Juvenile male sheep (N=67; weight 24.4+/2.10kg) were compressed to 257 feet of sea water (fsw) in our multiple large-animal chamber where they remained under pressure for 31 minutes. Animals then were decompressed to surface pressure and randomized to receive either Oxycyte at 5mL/kg intravenously (IV) or 5mL/kg saline IV (both receiving 100% O2) 10 minutes after reaching surface pressure. Mortality was recorded at two hours, four hours, and 24 hours after receiving the study drug. Surviving animals underwent perfusion fixation and harvesting of the spinal cord at 24 hours. Spinal cord sections were assessed for volume of lesion area and compared. Results: There was no significant difference in survival at two hours (p=0.2737), four hours (p=0.2101), or 24 hours (p=0.3171). Paralysis at 24 hours was not significantly different. However, spinal cord lesion area was significantly smaller in the Oxycyte group as compared to the saline group, with median spinal cord lesion areas 0.65% vs. 0.94% (p=0.0107). Conclusions: In this ovine model of severe DCS the intravenous PFC Oxycyte did not reduce mortality but did ameliorate spinal cord injury when used after the onset of DCS.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in non-fatal drowning
Authors:   Pediatric Department, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, EPE, Amadora, Portugal, Ribeiro Andreia Fiúza , Vieira Joana Gomes ,   Pediatric Department, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, EPE, Amadora, Portugal, Moniz Marta ,   Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, EPE, Amadora, Portugal, Escobar Carlos ,   Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, EPE, Amadora, Portugal, Abadesso Clara ,   Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, EPE, Amadora, Portugal, Amaro Carla ,   Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine Center, Portuguese Navy, Lisbon, Portugal, Cavalheiro Diogo ,   Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine Center, Portuguese Navy, Lisbon, Portugal, Guerreiro Francisco ,   Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine Center, Portuguese Navy, Lisbon, Portugal, Luís Catarina ,   Pediatric Department, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, EPE, Amadora, Portugal, Nunes Pedro ,   Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, EPE, Amadora, Portugal
Published: February 2021

Paroxysmal autonomic instability syndrome with dystonia (PAISD) is a possible complication that worsens the prognosis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy related to non-fatal drowning. There are case reports of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy enhancing recovery in such cases. We report a case of a 5-year-old boy admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit after a non-fatal drowning. He was transferred under mechanical ventilation and sedation, with hemodynamic instability and hypothermia. On admission he had a Glasgow Coma Score of 6. On the fifth day of admission he presented episodes of dystonia with decerebration posture, diaphoresis, tachycardia and hypertension, sometimes with identified triggers, suggesting PAISD. The episodes were difficult to control; multiple drugs were needed. Electroencephalography showed diffuse slow wave activity, and cranioencephalic magnetic resonance imaging showed hypoxia-related lesions, suggesting hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Early after admission the patient started physiotherapy combined with normobaric oxygen therapy. Subsequently he started HBO2 therapy at 2 atmospheres, with a total of 66 sessions. Dystonia progressively subsided, with gradual discontinuation of therapy. He also showed improvement in spasticity, non-verbal communication and cephalic control. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of PAISD and the potential benefit of HBO2 therapy, even in the subacute phase, in recovery of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
A fully automated method for late ventricular diastole frame selection in post-dive echocardiography without ECG gating
Authors:   Joint Dept of Biomedical Engineering, The Univ of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, U.S., Markley Eric , Li David Q. ,   Joint Dept of Biomedical Engineering, The Univ of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, U.S., Germonpré Peter ,   Center for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Military Hospital Brussels, Belgium,   Environmental & Occupational (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), Brussels, Belgium, Balestra Costantino ,   Center for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Military Hospital Brussels, Belgium,   Environmental & Occupational (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), Brussels, Belgium, Tillmans Frauke ,   Research Division, Divers Alert Network, U.S., Denoble Petar J. ,   Research Division, Divers Alert Network, U.S., Freiberger John J. ,   Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University, U.S., Moon Richard E. ,   Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University, U.S., Dayton Paul A. ,   Joint Dept of Biomedical Engineering, The Univ of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, U.S., Papadopoulou Virginie ,   Joint Dept of Biomedical Engineering, The Univ of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, U.S.
Published: February 2021

Venous gas emboli (VGE) are often quantified as a marker of decompression stress on echocardiograms. Bubblecounting has been proposed as an easy to learn method, but remains time-consuming, rendering large dataset analysis impractical. Computer automation of VGE counting following this method has therefore been suggested as a means to eliminate rater bias and save time. A necessary step for this automation relies on the selection of a frame during late ventricular diastole (LVD) for each cardiac cycle of the recording. Since electrocardiograms (ECG) are not always recorded in field experiments, here we propose a fully automated method for LVD frame selection based on regional intensity minimization. The algorithm is tested on 20 previously acquired echocardiography recordings (from the original bubble-counting publication), half of which were acquired at rest (Rest) and the other half after leg flexions (Flex). From the 7,140 frames analyzed, sensitivity was found to be 0.913 [95% CI: 0.875-0.940] and specificity 0.997 [95% CI: 0.996-0.998]. The method’s performance is also compared to that of random chance selection and found to perform significantly better (p<0.0001). No trend in algorithm performance was found with respect to VGE counts, and no significant difference was found between Flex and Rest (p>0.05). In conclusion, full automation of LVD frame selection for the purpose of bubble counting in postdive echocardiography has been established with excellent accuracy, although we caution that high quality acquisitions remain paramount in retaining high reliability.
Sevoflurane but not propofol enhances ovarian cancer cell malignancy through regulating cellular metabolic and signalling mechanisms
Authors: Hu Cong , Wang Bincheng , Liu Zhigang , Chen Qiling , Ishikawa Masashi , Lin Han , Lian Qingquan , li jun , Li Jia , Ma Daqing
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose: Surgery remains the first-line treatment of
ovarian cancer. However, perioperative risk factors including the choice
of anaesthetics may influence its recurrence after surgery. In the
current study, it was hypothesised that inhalational anaesthetic
sevoflurane and intravenous anaesthetic propofol might affect cancer
cellular metabolism and signalling, which might interfere the malignancy
of ovarian cancer cells. Experimental Approach: Cultured ovarian cancer
cells were exposed to 2.5% sevoflurane or administered with 4 μg/mL
propofol for 2 hours followed by 24 hours recovery. Their cell
viability, proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed using
cell counting kit-8, Ki-67 staining, wound healing and Transwell assay.
Cellular signalling biomarkers were measured using immunofluorescent
staining and/or Western blot. Cultured media were collected for 1H-NMR
spectroscopy-based metabolomics analysis. Key Results: The cell
viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer
cells were enhanced by sevoflurane but suppressed by propofol.
Sevoflurane increased the GLUT1, MPC1, GLUD1, p-Erk1/2, and HIF-1α
expressions but decreased the PEDF expression. In contrast to the
sevoflurane treatment, the “mirror changes” of these cellular markers
were observed with propofol. Sevoflurane increased levels of isopropanol
but decreased glucose and glutamine levels in the media, but the
opposite changes of those metabolites were found after propofol
treatment. Conclusion and Implications: These data indicated that unlike
propofol, sevoflurane enhanced ovarian cancer cell metabolism and
activated PEDF/Erk/HIF-1α cellular signalling pathway, suggesting that
sevoflurane might have pro-tumour property but propofol might afford an
anti-tumour property. The translational value of this work warrants
further study.
Change in CF care during COVID-19 Pandemic: Single-Center Experience in a middle-income setting
Authors: Hatziagorou Elpis , Toulia Ilektra , Avramidou Vasiliki , Kampouras Asterios , Tsara Venetia , Tsanakas John
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has demanded care
changes for patients with chronic disease. Patients with CF are
considered at higher risk of developing severe manifestations in the
case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a need for new ways of safer care
delivery has been required to avoid transmission. Objectives: To assess
the impact of the lockdown during the first wave of the COVID-19
pandemic and remote monitoring on patient’s health status and daily
maintenance therapy in a middle-income resource setting. Methods: During
the first wave of the pandemic period, we changed from regular clinic
visits to telephone visit calls to monitor our patients’ health
condition and adherence to physiotherapy and physical exercise. Results:
A total of 120 patients or their caregivers have been contacted by
telephone call visits over ten weeks. During this period, 38 patients
(28.33%) were identified to have pulmonary exacerbation; 89.5% were
prescribed oral antibiotics, 3% were hospitalized to get iv
antibiotics, and 8% of the patients presented other CF complications.
Most of the patients did not change the frequency of the daily
physiotherapy. Moreover, 71% of the patients who performed regular
physical exercise changed the frequency and the type of exercise during
the quarantine period. Interestingly, mean FEV1 and body weight
increased significantly and after the lockdown period. Conclusions:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the implementation of telephone contact
processes aiming for CF patients’ appropriate care is of great
importance. Further studies are needed to evaluate patient outcomes when
transitioning from face-to-face clinics to telemedicine clinics.
Effects of habitat heterogeneity on the elevational distribution of bird diversity in a typical modern montane
Authors: Liu Wei , Xu Haigen , Cao Mingchang , Li Xiufen , Yu Dandan , Li Chunlin , Lu Changhu , Yi Jianfeng
Published: February 2021

The biodiversity in montane ecosystems is high but is threatened by
rapid environmental change. Urbanization and other anthropogenic
activities in the mountains surrounding cities can affect changes in
land use and habitat heterogeneity. Moreover, patterns of habitat
heterogeneity are closely related to elevation and have a major effect
on montane biodiversity. The aim of this study was to analyze the
effects of habitat heterogeneity on the vertical distribution pattern of
bird diversity by characterizing the structure of the bird community,
biodiversity, and landscape factors at different altitudes. Continuous
monitoring of the breeding birds at Mount Tai from 2016 to 2019 revealed
that forest reduced the diversity and abundance of birds and favored
montane birds. Habitat composition varied at different altitudes. In the
high-mountain belt and the middle-mountain belt, the habitat was
primarily composed of forest. In contrast, artificial habitat was more
common in the low-mountain belt. Bird abundance, species richness, and
the Shannon-Wiener index decreased as the altitude increased, and the
structure of the bird community significantly differed in the different
belts. Some rare species tended to only occupy specific belts. Road
density, number of habitat patches, patch density, and the percentage of
forest significantly affected bird diversity. The effect of patch
density was higher compared with other landscape factors. The “habitat
amount hypothesis” was more suitable for explaining the elevational
distribution pattern of bird diversity at Mount Tai. Sufficient habitat
and more patches in the low-mountain belt supported higher bird
diversity. The middle-mountain belt and high-mountain belt showed
contrasting patterns. Our results highlight the effects of ongoing
urbanization and human activities on montane biodiversity and emphasize
the need for artificial habitats in the mountains surrounding cities to
be managed.