bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amylolitic microbes of nira and laru from Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: NAIOLA ELIDAR
Published: July 2014

Thirty nine isolates of microorganisms were isolated from the nira (palm sap from inflorescence stalk of Corypha utan Lamk. or Borassus flabellifer L., laru (fermented palm sap) and their ability to produce amylase has been done. The result of screening showed that eight isolates were positive in the starch iodine test, but their amylolitic activities relatively lower. The amylolitic activities show that laru is not potential source of microbial amylases. In liquid media containing 2% soluble starch, three isolates of fungi (LG4, LMS1, and MI-1) produceamylase and reached a maximum activity at 3 days fermentation, with levels 56.31x102 , 46.78x102 and 41.49x102 U/mL (one unit activity is define as micromoles of glucose produce per mL per minute). Two yeast isolates which isolated from laru or kayu laru were showed their ability to ferment the gula aer and produce ethanol, CO2 and some organic acids, it were identified as Pichia anomala. The other bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus licheniformis BL43, Chromobacterium sp., Lactobacillus sp., Micrococcus roseus (Staphylococcus roseus), and Bacillus coagulans, its show the lower amylase activities.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta.Key words: palm sap (nira), fermented palm sap (laru), amylase, fermentation, East Nusa Tenggara
Exploration of Central Kalimantanâ€™s forest plants as bioactive compound resources
Authors: WAHYUNINGSIH MAE SRI HARTATI , WAHYUONO SUBAGUS , SANTOSA DJOKO , SETIADI JUSAIN , SOEKOTJO SOEKOTJO , WIDIASTUTI SITI . MUSLIMAH , RAKHMAWATI RITA , WAHYUNI DINAR SARI CAHYANINGRUM
Published: July 2014

The width of the forest area of Indonesia is about 75% of the entire land which has not been optimally utilized as a raw medicinal resource. The forest area is rich in plants of various medicinal benefits which have not been found out and developed. The aim of the study was to explore Central Kalimantanâ€™s forest plants as bioactive compound resources. Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) method the exploration was conducted on 70 kinds of plants which had been traditionally used in that area. The dry powder was macerated inchloroform and then in methanol in order to obtain 140 chloroform and methanol extracts, each 70 extracts respectively. The activities of those extract were tested on 500 dan 1000 Î¼g/mL of their concentration. The result was analized using probit regresion in order to obtain LC50 value. The result of the study indicated that from those 140 extracts, were obtained 70 active extracts (100% dead larva Artemiasalina) in their concentration of 500 Î¼g/mL. Concentration decreasing up to 100 Î¼g/mL produced 10 active extracts (100% dead larva A. salina) which potential developed as bioactive compound resources.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Central Kalimantan, plant exploration, bioactive compound, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test.
Shoot regeneration from leaf petioles of iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)
Authors: IMELDA MARIA , WULANSARI AIDA , POERBA YUYU SURYASARI
Published: July 2014

Iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) of the Araceae is a source of carbohydrate with a high content of glucomannan which is very useful in preventing several diseases like diabetes, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, etc. In industry, the tuber is used as a raw material for paper pulp, textile, gum, celluloid, food and cosmetics. Generally, iles-iles is propagated by splitting tubers, bulbils or leaf cuttings, but this method can not yield high quality planting materials and sometimes may carry along many diseases. In this investigation, an in vitro method for shoot regeneration of iles-iles from petiole explants was developed. Sterilization of the explants was carried out in 0.05% HgCl2 for 20 min. after dipping in 70% ethanol and Tween 20 solution. Leaf petioles about 1 cm in length were cultured on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium with a pH of 5.8 containing 30 g sucrose and 2.5 g Gelrite agar. The formation of adventives shoots was induced on MS medium containing 1, 2, and 4 mg/L Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) either with or without the addition of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/L Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA). Each treatment was done on 10 explants. All cultures were incubated at 26Â°C on a 16-h photoperiod with an illumination of 30 Î¼mol m-2 sec-1 provided by 40-W cool white inflorescent lights. The highest rate of shoot multiplication averaging 19 shoots per explants was achieved within 3 months on MS medium containing 2 mg/L BAP. However, the best shoot elongation was found on MS medium containing 2 mg/L BAP and 0.2 mg/L NAA.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta..Key words: Amorphophalus muelleri Blume, leaf petiole culture, benzyl amino purine (BAP), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA).
Inventory and habitat study of Dendrobium capra J.J.Smith in Madiun and Bojonegoro
Authors: YULIA NINA DWI , RUSEANI NUR SHOLECHA
Published: July 2014

Dendrobium capra J.J. Smith or â€œanggrek larat hijauâ€ is the orchid of low land area which includes endangered orchid species, so it needs to conserve ex situ. The success of ex situ plant conservation influence environmental factor. Thatâ€™s why habitat study of D. capra needs to be done to know about how the orchid can grow well. The observation was done in Perhutaniâ€™s teak forest between Madiun and Bojonegoro, East Java which be done in three RPH is RPH Klangon (Pajaran village, Madiun), RPH Sukun (Sambongrejo village, Bojonegoro) and RPH Gondang (Bethet village, Bojonegoro). The aims of this research are for doing study habitat and knowing the number of population on wild. The result show that D. capra can found in teak and bungur trees at 5th zone because it needs to get a direct sunshine. Some environment factors are temperature of 30-33ÂºC, humidity of 40-60% and no roots moss covered. The result of inventory showed that the numbers of D. capra on areas are 45 individual in RPH Klangon, 145 individual RPH Sukun and 58 individual RPH Gondang.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta.Key words: Dendrobium capra J.J.Smith, habitat, Madiun, Bojonegoro.
Association of dominated tree species in lowland tropical forest of Tangkoko Nature Reserve, Bitung, North Sulawesi
Authors: KURNIAWAN AGUNG , UNDAHARTA NI KADEK EROSI , PENDIT I MADE RAHARJA
Published: July 2014

The study aimed to gain information about tree species domination and association was conducted in lowland tropical forest of Tangkoko Nature Reserve. The tree with â‰¥10 cm dbh censused with quarter method. The result showed that Palaquium sp. having the highest domination species with Index Importance Value 21.05, as well as Cananga odorata Hook.f. & Thoms. and Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merril & Rolfe. There was one couple species that had positive association among seven main species composition in area study, that was C. odorata with kayu kapur. Generally, the other couples species had negative association, so there was no tolerance to exist in the same area and no mutualism interrelationship especially in habitat grouping.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Palaquium sp., domination, species association, Tangkoko Nature Reserve
Community structure and substrate characteristic of marine worm (polychaete) in mangrove coastal water Peniti, West Kalimantan
Authors: JUNARDI JUNARDI , WARDOYO ELVI RUSMIYANTO PANCANING
Published: July 2014

The research was conducted in the mangrove coastal water in Peniti, West Kalimantan. Peniti mangrove coastal water has high species richness and diversity of polychaetes. We have collected 43 species of polychaetes. Most of them are deposit feeders with Dodecaceria sp. and Sternaspis scutata showed highest abundance among all species. The substrate characteristic was muddy-clay and the high carbonorganic content.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Polychaete, substrate characteristic, community structure, mangrove.
The existence of Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae Pocock, 1929) and their prey in different forest habitat types in Kerinci Seblat National Park, Sumatra
Authors: DINATA YOAN , SUGARDJITO JITO
Published: July 2014

A study on the relationships between prey animals and the occurence of sumatran tiger was conducted in Kerinci Seblat National Park, western Sumatra from May up to September 2001. The data have been collected from eight study sites based on the forest habitat types and its threats. The results showed that frequency of encounters with prey animals in different forest habitats were no difference. This might indicates that the prey animals were distributed fairly in all types of forest habitat. The frequency encounters of the sumatran tiger signs, however, have shown differently between locations. The encounters of tiger signs were more frequent in the forest habitats that close to the streams; in forest habitats with few animal huntings; and in forest habitats with no logging activities. This findings support the hypotheses that the existence of sumatran tiger as a predator is determined by the dense vegetations surrounding streams as hiding place used in an ambush; availability of prey animals as food, and habitat disturbances as shown by logging.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae); forest habitat; prey animals
Genetic diversity of HLA-DR and varion of asthma susceptibility; an overview of Asthma in Pregnancy
Authors: SUBIJANTO ACHMAD ARMAN
Published: July 2014

Asthma is the most common potentially serious medical condition to complicate pregnancy. To date, many attempts have been done to detect genetic loci contributing to asthma susceptibility. HLA-DR loci may play an important role in the pathophysiology of allergic inflammation by influencing specific IgE responses. Asthma affects almost 7 percent of women in their childbearing years. When women with asthma become pregnant, a third of the patients improve, one third worsen, and the last third remain unchanged. Asthma exacerbations are most likely to appear during the weeks 24 to 36 of gestation, with only occasional patients (10 percent or fewer) becoming symptomatic during labor and delivery. Uncontrolled asthma can cause serious complications for mother, including high bloodpressure, toxemia and premature delivery. For the baby, complications of uncontrolled asthma include increased risk of stillbirth, fetal growth retardation, premature birth, low birth weight and a low APGAR score at birth. The goal management of asthma during pregnancy is to achieve optimal therapy, maintaining controlled asthma and increased the mother and babyâ€™s quality of life. Most asthma medicationsare safe during pregnancy.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords : Genetic diversity, asthma, pregnancy, managemen
The evaluation of carrier material for increasing qualities of gel inoculum for nata de coco
Authors: MELLIAWATI RUTH
Published: July 2014

Producion of nata de coco is growing fast, in line with increasing product of biocellulose demand. It is requrire a pure inoculum to reach the best biocellulose product. The aim of this reseach is to evaluate the most appropriate carrier material of gel inoculum for nata de coco. The four carrier material are Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC), Agar, Sagu starch and biocellulose pap and its inoculated by Acetobacter sp. RMG-2 and A. xylinum. After inoculation, then put in the plastic bag (50 g/bag) and stored in 4Â° C. The texture of gel, population of cell andbiocellulose production were observer in 7 days. The result shown that all matterial were suitable to used as carrier for gel inoculum. Both CMC and biocellulose pap have good texture as standard qualities. Population of A. xylinum was 1.28x109 cfu/mL (in CMC carrier), 1.6x106 cfu/mL (in biocellulose pap carrier) after 15 weeks. The weight of biocellulose production was 500 g/L and 740 g/L medium respectively. While the population of Acetobacter sp. RMG-2 on CMC carrier was 1.79x108 cfu/mL and 7.75x107 cfu/mL on cellulose carrier with the weight of biocellulose production 630 g/L and 775 g/L medium respectively. Thus, the carrier material (CMC and Biocellulose pap) are able to keep bacteria without loss their capability to produce cellulose.Key words: Acetobacter sp. RMG-2, Acetobacter xylinum, carrier material, gel inoculum, nata de coco.
Tree species distribution along the environmental gradients in Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java
Authors: KURNIAWAN AGUNG , PARIKESIT PARIKESIT
Published: July 2014

The research of tree species distribution along the environmental gradients in Lowland Tropical Rainforest Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve had been conducted. The study aimed to elucidate the relationship between tree species distribution with â‰¥10 cm dbh and some measured environmental gradients, namely soil pH and moisture, soil depth, litter thickness, light intensity, altitude, slope, and the distance of plot from coastal line. A number of 125 of 10x10 m2 quadrats were established randomly in four transects. The results indicated that Rhodamnia cinerea was the species having the highest presence. Ordination technique using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) suggested that tree species were less evenly distributed along the measured environmental factors with Eigenvalue 0,387. Altitude was themost important environmental factor affected tree species distribution, soil moisture as well as light intensity.Key words: canonical correspondence analysis, distribution, lowland tropical rainforest, Pananjung Pangandaran
Aggressive behavior of macaques, Macaca fascicularis (Raffles, 1821) on tourists at Kaliurang nature recreation forest, Yogyakarta
Authors: DJUWANTOKO DJUWANTOKO , UTAMI RETNO NUR , WIYONO WIYONO
Published: July 2014

Research was conducted in Kaliurang nature recreation forest area, in Gunung Merapi National Park, Yogyakarta. The research aim to investigate the proportion of aggressive behavior of monkeys [Macaca fascicularis (Raffles, 1821)] to tourists. Direct observation method was used to observe the monkeys behavior in the interaction to the tourists. And questioners were distributed to the tourists to know expectation of the tourists which related to the existence of the monkeys in that conservation area. Analyses of the interactions suggest thatmonkeys respond differentially to tourists according to the age/sex classes involved. Additionally, adult and subadult male monkeys participated in more aggressive behaviors than expected, while adult female monkeys and immature participated in such behaviors less than expected. These variations in interaction patterns between monkeys and tourists may have substantial implications for management issues and that the potential for gaining or reducing the tourists to visit in that forest recreation.Key words: monkey, Macaca fascicularis (Raffles, 1821), tourists, aggression; tourists-monkeys interactions.
Mangrove plants in coastal area of Central Java: 3. Horizontal and vertical diagram of vegetation profile
Authors: SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI , WINARNO (Alm) KUSUMO , INDROWURYATNO INDROWURYATNO , WIRYANTO WIRYANTO , SUSILOWATI ARI
Published: July 2014

The study was intended to observe the horizontal and vertical diagrams of mangrove vegetation profile on southern and northern coast of Central Java Province. This research was conducted in July until December 2003, at 20 sites. Analysis of profile diagram was done in Laboratory of Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University (UNS) Surakarta. Data was collected by using belt transect method, from coast line into landward. The result indicated that the diagram profile of vegetation showed the height of anthropogenic influence, where the vegetation was dominated by young plants; there were only (1)-2-(3-4) strata of canopy (storey). Human disturbance caused most of the vegetation in the secondary succession level; almost it has not in the climax condition level. The area in the belt transect that used to build diagram usually have canopy gap or bare land caused by logging, or to be converse into another land use, especially sawah (rice field) and tambak (fish pond and salt extraction). The resistance of young plant gives hope to the sustainability of the mangrove plant in Central Java, but width scale of environmental changes can degrade this habitat completely.Key words: vegetation profile, horizontal and vertical diagrams, Central Java Province
Selection of Indonesia Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Genotype as Source of Î²-Carotene
Authors: PRIADI DODY , PERMANA DJUMHAWAN RATMAN , DONA SRI ELIN , HARTATI SRI , SUDARMONOWATI ENNY
Published: July 2014

Fourteen genotypes of Indonesia cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) of two generations were evaluated for Î²-carotene content. The Î²-carotene content of tubers and leaves were determined by spectrophotometry method. Other parameterssuch as water and ash contents were also evaluated. Results showed that Î²-carotene content of tubers of fourth generation(planted in 2006-2007) was higher than that of first generation (planted in 2002-2003), with the exception of Apuy, Iding andSarewen genotypes. Î²-carotene content of tubers was lower than that in their leaves of fourth generation plants and that there was no correlation between both organs in terms of Î²-carotene content of tubers and their leaves except for Tim-Tim 40 genotype. Î²-carotene content of tubers in several genotypes i.e. Kalbar III (1.13 ppm), Local Muneng (1.03 ppm), Tim-Tim 29 (1.61 ppm) was higher than 1 ppm, and the highest value was found in Tim-Tim 40 (16.83 ppm) which was significantly different (5%) with other genotypes. Meanwhile the lowest content was found in Sarewen genotype as it could not be detected. Water and ash contents of the tubers were between 54 and 69% and between 0.20 and 0.79% respectively. As Î²-carotene is the precursor of vitamin A, consuming high Î²-carotene tubers are sufficient for daily requirements of vitamin A, although further study is needed.Key words: cassava, Manihot esculenta, genotype, selection, Î²-carotene, tubers, leaves
Biodiversity of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Uncaria gambier Roxb. (Rubiaceae) from West Sumatra
Authors: ILYAS MUHAMMAD , KANTI ATIT , JAMAL YULIASRI , HERTINA HERTINA , AGUSTA ANDRIA
Published: July 2014

Endophytic fungi are specific microbes that live at a specific ecosystem in nature. Various endophytic fungi have been known posses an ability to produce a broad range of biologically active substances. Totally 53 endophytic filamentous fungi were isolated from leaves, stems, fruits and roots of the two plant varieties of Uncaria gambier Roxb. (Rubiaceae), i.e. gambir udang and gambir nasi. Morphological observation of 53 isolated endophytic filamentous fungi was further divide into two classes, Coelomycetes and Hypomycetes. Fifteen fungi isolates are unidentified due to lack of specific morphological characters. Morphologically identified fungi at genera level are: Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Diaporthe, Fusarium, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Phoma and Phomopsis. Chemotaxonomic analysis base on their TLC chromatogram patterns of the ethyl acetate extract are in agreement to morphological grouping.Key words: endophytic fungi, Uncaria gambier Roxb., morphological character, chemotaxonomy.
Phagocytosis Effectivity Test of Phenylbutenoid Compounds Isolated from Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) Rhizome
Authors: CHAIRUL CHAIRUL , PRAPTIWI PRAPTIWI , CHAIRUL SOFNIE MARUSIN
Published: July 2014

This study was conducted to determine the immunostimulant activity of several phenylbutenoid derivatives isolated frombangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb) rhizome: [1] [(E)-4-(3â€™,4â€™-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol], [2] [(E)-4-(2â€™,4â€™,5â€™ trimethoxyphenyl) but-3-en-1-ol] and [3] [(E)-4-(3â€™,4â€™,1-trimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol]. Immunostimulant activity was done by stimulating macrophage cells of mouse peritoneum. The result showed that [(E)-4-(3â€™,4â€™-dimethoxyphenyl)but 3-en-1-ol] compound had highest immunostimulant activity (99.0%) compared to compound 2 (93.7%) and 3 (80.0%).Key words: Zingiber cassumunar Roxb, immunostimulant, phenylbutenoid derivative, [(E)-4-(3â€™,4â€™-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol], [(E)-4-(2â€™,4â€™,5â€™-trimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol]and [(E)-4-(3â€™,4â€™,1-trimethoxy phenyl)but-3-en-1-ol
The Effect of Seed Maturity, Temperature and Storage Period on Vigor of Picrasma javanica Bl. Seedling
Authors: SETYOWATI NINIK
Published: July 2014

A study on the effect of seed maturity, temperature and period of storage on vigor of Picrasma javanica Bl. seedling was conducted at the Macropropagation Laboratory, Research Centre of Biology, LIPI, Cibinong, from March to September 2008. The research was arranged using Randomized Block Design with 3 factors and 3 replications, in which each replication had 20 samples. The first factor was stage of seed maturation with 2 levels i.e. pre-mature and mature stage; the second factor was storage temperature with 3 levels i.e. ambient temperature (28Â±1ÂºC), 20ÂºC and 5ÂºC; and the third factor was storage period with 4 levels i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3 months. The result showed that the germination time of Picrasma javanica seed was varies between 11-23 days. The mature seeds had better growth as compared to pre-mature seeds. Storage on the ambient temperature (28Â±1ÂºC) caused decrease of seed vigor, so is not suggested to seeds store in the ambient temperature. The storage under lower temperature (5ÂºC and 20ÂºC) was able to maintain seed vigor until 3 months storage.Key words: seeds maturity, temperature, storage period, vigor, Picrasma javanica Bl. seed.
PCR-Based EST Mapping in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: CHIKMAWATI TATIK , MIFTAHUDIN MIFTAHUDIN , GUSTAFSON J. PERRY
Published: July 2014

Mapping expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to hexaploid wheat is aimed to reveal the structure and function of the hexaploid wheat genome. Sixty eight ESTs representing 26 genes were mapped into all seven homologous chromosome groups of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) using a polymerase chain reaction technique. The majority of the ESTs were mapped to homologous chromosome group 2, and the least were mapped to homologous chromosome group 6. Comparative analysisbetween the EST map from this study and the EST map based on RFLPs showed 14 genes that have been mapped by both approaches were mapped to the same arm of the same homologous chromosome, which indicated that using PCRbasedESTs was a reliable approach in mapping ESTs in hexaploid wheat.Key words: wheat, EST, PCR, homologous.
Population Status of Cacatua sulphurea parvula and Trichoglossus euteles in Alor, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: WIDODO WAHYU
Published: July 2014

The aim of this survey was to know the abundance status of the Yellow-crested Small Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea parvula) and Yellow-headed Lorikeet (Trichoglossus euteles) in Alor, East Nusa Tenggara Province. There were four observation sites in the survey, namely: (i) Air Mancur preparatory Village (in and around of Tuti Adigae Natural Tourism Park, East Alor Sub-district), (ii) Tanglapui Village (Kampong Irawuri) (East Alor Sub-district), (iii) Probur Village (Kampong Wormanem) (Southwest Alor Sub-district), and (iv) Bota Village (Northwest Alor Sub-district). The survey was used for the bird encounter rates per unit time method. The bird population was estimated by abundance score value. Fifty species of birds or 64.9% of 77 species of birds occurring in Alor were recorded during field work. The yellow-headed lorikeet observed was more abundant with five abundance score and for the numbers per 10 hours observation were 58.06. There was no yellow-crested small cockatoo observed during the survey. However, the yellow-crested small cockatoo was presumed to be present in the fields by the direct observation of old nest site of Canarium trees.Key words: parrot, population, Cacatua sulphurea parvula, Trichoglossus euteles, Alor
Cultivation Practices and Knowledge of Local Rice Varieties among Benuaq Farmers in Muara Lawa District West Kutai, East Kalimantan-Indonesia
Authors: HENDRA MEDI , GUHARDJA EDI , SETIADI DEDE , WALUJO EKO BAROTO , PURWANTO YOHANES
Published: July 2014

This research aim to study how Benuaq society around Muara Lawa District, manage agriculture system and internal knowledge about rice varieties. This research use ethnobotanical approach: collecting ethnobotanical data of rice varieties and traditional system of swidden cultivation. Data was obtained by using direct participatory technique by interviewing the people (key informants) about their practice and perception. The interviews were unstructured open-ended discussion onknowledge and farming activities including about diversity in rice varieties. Subsequently, quantitative data from questionnaires was combined with depth-interview data from key informants. The Benuaq indigenous systems, practices, and cultivation preferences held by the Benuaq are guarded toward maintaining their rice diversity. The Benuaq systems of upland rice cultivation, site selection for umaq establishment, plant species for fertility indicator, and cultivation of wide ranges of upland rice varieties indicate their sophisticate knowledge in agriculture. Unfortunately there has been degradation in the indigenous knowledge among the young Benuaqs.Key words: Benuaq, ethnobotanical, indigenous, upland rice.
The Effect of Mulching Technology to Enhance the Diversity of Soil Macroinvertebrates in Sengon-based Agroforestry Systems
Authors: SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO
Published: July 2014

Soil macroinvertebrate are strongly influenced by environmental factors. The change of agronomic technology may affect their role in maintaining soil fertility and crop production. The aim of this study was to know the effect of technology of mulching to enhance diversity of soil macroinvertebrate in sengon-based agroforestry system. Field experiment was arranged in randomized block design with treatment i.e. with and without organic matter mulching. Sweet potato used as tested intercrop. Collection of soil macroinvertebrate was carried out using a hand sorting and pit-fall trap methods. Result of the study showed that application of maize residue as mulch enhanced diversity index of surface and deep soil macroinvertebrate, i.e: 0.215 and 0.214 (by 44% and 73% respectively compared no mulching). Organic mulching technology can support diversity of beneficial soil macroinvertebrates.Key words: agroforestry, soil macroinvertebrates, sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), mulching.
Ethnobotanical study on the Genus Pandanus L. f. in certain areas in Java, Indonesia
Authors: WARDAH WARDAH , SETYOWATI FRANCISCA MURTI
Published: July 2014

There were two species of Pandanus recorded in Java, Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. and Pandanus tectorius Sol. The leaf of P. tectorius is commonly harvested as source of handicraft materials, while P. amaryllifolius is for culinary aromatic purposes only. The pandan kunyit (P. tectorius Sol.) in Bangkalan and pandan jeksi (P. tectorius Sol. var. samak Werb.) in Kebumen (Central Java) are the best resource for plaiting industry. Prospect of Pandanus plaiting can rise the income of farmers in the village and rise foreign exchange depend on how to fulfill the best pandan and its processing. It is hoped the good relation between farmers and government to sustain and develop the pandan production.Key words: ethnobotany, Pandanus, uses, Java.
Potency of Lobak Leaves (Raphanus sativus L. var. hortensis Back) as Anticancer and Antimicrobial Candidates
Authors: RAKHMAWATI RITA , ANGGARWULAN ENDANG , RETNANINGTYAS ESTU
Published: July 2014

One of vegetables can preventive cancer and have been used traditionally to cure infection, such as lobak (Raphanus sativus L.). Ineffectiveness antibiotics against microbial infections were still problem until now. Types of antibiotics and anticancer agents from natural resources should be explored and developed. This study was aimed to know toxicity effect and antimicrobial activity of active fractions from lobak leaves. Toxicity study was conducted using Brine Shrimp LethalityTest (BST). Samples were prepared at the concentration of 100, 500, and 1000Î¼g/mL. Antibacterial study against Staphylococcus aureus was conducted using agar-well diffusion method at concentration 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100%. Ethyl acetate fraction from methanol extract is the most active that had larger clear zone in S. aureus culture (10,64 mm) and insoluble ethyl acetate fraction from methanol extract is the most active against A. salina (84% death A. salina at 100 Î¼g/mL). Bioactive compounds at active fraction were identified to contain polar compounds.Key words: Raphanus sativus L., BST, Staphylococcus aureus, active fraction
Comparison Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Indonesian Mangosteens (Garcinia mangostana L.) and Related Species by Means Isozymes and AFLP Markers
Authors: SOBIR SOBIR , SINAGA SOALOON , POERWANTO ROEDHY , RISMITASARI RISMITASARI , LUKMAN RUDY
Published: July 2014

Indonesia, and in order evaluate genetics diversity of mangosteen and their close relatives, we employed isoenzyme and AFLP marker on 13 accessions of mangosteen and their close relatives. Isoenzyme marker using four enzyme systemsproduced 25 bands and 88% out of them were polymorphic and elucidate genetic variability at similarity level ranged between 0.38-0.89. AFLP markers with three primer system produced 220 polymorphic bands and revealed genetic variability at similarity level ranged between 0.38-0.89 successfully produced high polymorphism bands and elucidates genetic variability at similarity coefficient ranged between 0.21-0.77. Both markers exhibited similar clustering pattern, and group successfully G. mangostana accessions in one clustering group. Furthermore G. malaccensis and G. porrecta consistently showed closer genetic relationship to G. mangostana clustering group in both markers, in comparison to G. hombroniana, which implies the assumption they may be the progenitor of G. mangostana, and should be reviewed with more accurate data.Â© 2009 Biodiversitas, Journal of Biological DiversityKey words: genetic diversity, mangosteen, isozymes, AFLP.
Genetic Relationship of Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) in Indonesia Based on RAPD Markers
Authors: ABBAS BARAHIMA , BINTORO MUHAMMAD HASIM , SUDARSONO SUDARSONO , SURAHMAN MEMEN , EHARA HIROSHI
Published: July 2014

The areas of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) forest and cultivation in the world were estimated two million hectares andpredicted 50% of that areas located in Indonesia. Distribution of sago palm areas in Indonesia is not evenly distributed as well as their diversities. Information of plant genetic diversities and genetic relationship is very important to be used for germplasm collection and conservation. The objectives of research were revealed the genetic relationships of sago palm in Indonesia based on RAPD molecular markers. Fragments amplification PCR products were separated on 1.7% agarose gel, fixation in Ethidium Bromide, and visualized by using Densitograph. Genetic relationships of sago palm in Indonesia showed that sample in individual level were inclined mixed among the other and just formed three groups. Genetic relationship of sago palm population showed that samples populations from Jayapura, Serui, Sorong, Pontianak, and Selat Panjang were closely related each others based on phylogenetic analysis and formed clustered in one group, event though inclined to be formed two subgroups. Populations from Manokwari, Bogor, Ambon and Palopo were closed related each others, they were in one group. Genetic relationships in the level of island were showed sago palm from Papua, Kalimantan, and Sumatra closely related. Sago palms from Maluku were closed related with sago palm from Sulawesi whereas sago palm from Java separated from the others. Based on this observation we proposed that Papua as centre of sago palm diversities and the origin of sago palm in Indonesia. This research informed us the best way to decide sago palm places for germplasm of sago palm conservation activity.Key words: genetic relationships, population, sago palm, RAPD, Indonesia
Genetic variations among Indonesian native cattle breeds based on polymorphisms analysis in the growth hormone loci and mitochondrial DNA
Authors: SUTARNO SUTARNO
Published: July 2014

Sutarno (2010). Genetic variations among Indonesian native cattle breeds based on polymorphisms analysis in the growth hormone lociÂ and mitochondrial DNA. Biodiversitas 11: 1-5. Genetic variation within breeds is important and its study has become a subject of interestÂ in livestock species, as it has many applications in animal breeding and genetics, such as the identification of animals and parentageÂ testing, gene mapping and identifying markers for performance traits. Two loci of bovine growth hormone genes, and two regions ofÂ mitochondrial DNA, D-loop and ND-5 were characterized using polymerase chain reaction â€“ restriction fragment length polymorphism (CR-RFLP) involving 120 Indonesian native cattle of Bali, Madura, PO and West Sumatra breeds. The results indicated that sequenceÂ variations were detected both in the growth hormone loci and mitochondrial DNA.
Population dynamic of the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polytes (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in dry and wet seasons
Authors: SUWARNO SUWARNO
Published: July 2014

Suwarno (2010) Population dynamic of the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polytes (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in dry and wet seasons. Biodiversitas 11: 19-23. The population dynamic of Papilio polytes L. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in dry and wet seasons was investigated in the citrus orchard in Tasek Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Population of immature stages of P. polytes was observed alternate day from January to March 2006 (dry season, DS), from April to July 2006 (secondary wet season, SWS), and from October to December 2006 (primary wet season, PWS). The population dynamics of the immature stages of P. polytes varied between seasons. The immature stages of P. polytes are more abundance and significantly different in the PWS than those of the DS and the SWS. The larval densities in all seasons decreased with progressive development of the instar stages. Predators and parasitoids are the main factor in regulating the population abundance of immature stages of P. polytes. There were positive correlations between the abundance of immature stages of P. polytes and their natural enemies abundance in each season. Ooencyrtus papilioni Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is the most egg parasitoid. Oxyopes quadrifasciatus L. Koch. and O. elegans L. Koch. (Araneae: Oxyopidae) are the main predators in the young larvae, meanwhile Sycanus dichotomus Stal. (Heteroptera: Reduviidae), Calotes versicolor Fitzinger (Squamata: Agamidae), birds and praying mantis attacked the older larvae.Key words: population dynamic, seasons, Papilio polytes, immature stages, natural enemies.
Potentialities of line planting technique in rehabilitation of logged over area referred to species diversity, growth and soil quality
Authors: PAMOENGKAS PRIJANTO
Published: July 2014

Pamoengkas P (2010) Potentialities of line planting technique in rehabilitation of logged over area referred to species diversity, growth and soil quality. Biodiversitas 11: 34-39. Human interventions in the utilization of tropical forest resources are experiencing unanticipated consequences. The selective logging practices generally cause considerable damage to vegetation and the soil surface. It is supposed that soil condition and vegetation growth rate is deteriorated and reduced. Therefore, scientist strongly argue that the only wayto achieve sustainability of Indonesian natural forest will require that the production natural forest is managed through methods that are acceptable from the perspective of environment as well as timber production. This means that there will be a strong need and incentive for methods and innovative technology. For more than two decades, tropical rainforest in Indonesia have been managed intensively under the Indonesian selective cutting (TPI) and later on by the Indonesian selective cutting and replanting (TPTI) and then, selective cutting and line planting (TPTJ) system. TPTJ, as one example of selective cutting, recently become a proper alternative should be takeninto consideration in the management of production natural forest in Indonesia by planting dipterocarp species in line. In this system, planting line (width 3 m) and intermediate line (width 17 m) are made alternately. The initial width of line is 3 m and to be expanded until 10 m within 5 years to introduce more light. The objective of this research was to assess growth and soil quality of TPTJ system. The object of research was TPTJ plot of various ages from 1 year to 7 years. For achieving the objective, 14 sample plots measuring 200 m x 200 m each, were laid out at research plots. The result showed that growth respond of Shorea leprosula toward the width of planting line was better comparing to Shorea parvifolia, but generally from this growth assessment it seems that individual tree has a successfully performance. In terms of soil quality, it was seen that planting line establishment of 3 m and more, does not cause soil properties decrease in the whole plots.Key words: selective logging, production forest, selective cutting and line planting, dipterocarp species, growth, soil quality.
Microsatellite DNA polymorphisms for colony management of longtailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) population on the Tinjil Island
Authors: FARAJALLAH DYAH PERWITASARI , KYES RANDALL C. , ISKANDAR ENTANG
Published: July 2014

Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Kyes RC, Iskandar E (2010) Microsatellite DNA polymorphisms for colony management of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) population on the Tinjil Island. Biodiversitas 11: 55-58. Polymorphic genetic markers are the basic requirement for studies on population and conservation genetics of non-human primates. In this paper, we screened microsatellites for their polymorphism and gene typing of DNA samples from blood of wild long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) from Tinjil Island population. Among the three primer sets tested, two are polymorphic. They were D1S548 and D3S1768. Average observed heterozygosity (Ä¤) within populations ranged between 0.264-0.555. D1S1768 locus was highly polymorphic and 24 alleles were detected among two loci. Estimation of genetic variability for the Tinjil population (Ä¤) was 0.485. The results obtained provide furtherinsight into the long-term viability of the population and help in creating genetic management of both captive and natural habitat breeding colonies of primates.Key words: microsatellite, variations, social groups, long-tailed macaques, Macaca fascicularis
Bacterial communities associated with white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) larvae at early developmental stages
Authors: PANGASTUTI ARTINI , SUWANTO ANTONIUS , LESTARI YULIN , SUHARTONO MAGGY TENNAWIJAYA
Published: July 2014

Bacterial communities associated with white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) larvae at early developmental stages. Biodiversitas 11 (2): 65-68.Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) was used to monitor the dynamics of the bacterial communities associated with early developmental stages of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) larvae. Samples for analysis were egg, hatching nauplii, 24 hours old nauplii, and 48 hours old nauplii which were collected from one cycle of production at commercial hatchery. TRFLPresults indicated that the bacterial community associated with early stages of shrimp development might be transferred vertically from broodstock via egg. There was no significant difference between bacterial communities investigated, except the bacterial community of 48 hours old nauplii. Diversity analyses showed that the bacterial community of egg had the highest diversity and evenness, meanwhile the bacterial community of 48 hours old nauplii had the lowest diversity. Nine phylotypes were found at all stages with high abundance. Those TRFs were identified as Î³- proteobacteria, Î±-proteobacteria, and bacteroidetes group.Key words: Litopenaeus vannamei, bacterial community, T-RFLP
Intervention of Genetic Flow of the Foreign Cattle toward Diversity of Phenotype Expressions of Local Cattle in the District of Banyuwangi
Authors: AMIN MOHAMAD
Published: July 2014

The aims of the present research are two folds: to know the phenotypic diversity and to reconstruct the cross-breeding pattern of local cattle in Banyuwangi. Based on three sampling areas, it was found that there were 32 phenotypic cattle (10 in the sub districts of Rogojampi, 16 in Tegaldlimo and 6 in Glagah areas). The phenotypic varieties were caused by two factors, namely the flow of genetic intervention of the other local cattle (Bali, Ongole, and Brahman cattle) and the artificial insemination program using the semen of Limousine, Simmental, Aberdeen Angus and Santa Gertrudis cattle. Â© 2010 Biodiversitas, Journal of Biological DiversityKey words: flow of genetic intervention, local cattle, phenotypic variation
Vegetation analyses of Sebangau peat swamp forest, Central Kalimantan
Authors: MIRMANTO EDI
Published: July 2014

Mirmanto E (2010) Vegetation analyses of Sebangau peat swamp forest, Central Kalimantan. Biodiversitas 11: 82-88. The vegetation analysis study has been made in Sebangau peat-swamp forest, Central Kalimantan. Eight permanent plots of 50-m x 50-m were set-up distribute from close to the river with shallow peat-layer up to the inland with relatively deep peat-layer. Enumeration of trees (GBH > 15 cm) was conducted in all of 8 plots. Overall there are 133 species (taxa) were recorded within 8 plots belong to 34 families where Dipterocarpaceae, Clusiaceae, Myrtaceae and Sapotaceae were the most dominant family. Out of all species recorded, Combretocarpus rotundatus, Palaquium leiocarpum, Stemonurus scorpioides and Tristania whittiana were the most dominant species. Two communityâ€™s types namely Combretocarpus rotundatus-Shorea balangeran community and Palaquium leiocarpum-Eugenia densinervium communitywere recognized and they distributed in slightly different habitat condition. The sequence of these two communitiesâ€™ shows significantly related to both distances to river and peat-depth. In addition there was indication the presence of habitat preference among tree species.Key words: vegetation, peat-swamp, community, Sebangau, Central Kalimantan
Taxonomic diversity of macroflora vegetation among main stands of the forest of Wanagama I, Gunung Kidul
Authors: WIDODO WIDODO , SUTARNO SUTARNO , WIDORETNO SRI , SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO
Published: July 2014

Widodo, Sutarno, Widoretno S, Sugiyarto (2010) Taxonomic diversity of macroflora vegetation among main stands of the forest of Wanagama I, Gunung Kidul. Biodiversitas 11: 89-92. The objective of this study is to determine the diversity of taxonomy of macro flora vegetation in the main stands of the forest of Wanagama I in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Vegetation diversity data can be used as a recommendation for conserving the local biodiversity as well as other planned conservation activities. The nested square sampling method was applied to collect the data required in the research. The size of the nested square was based on species-area curves, as well as theories of other studies. The seven main stands studied were: pine (Pinus merkusii), mahogany (Swieteniamahagoni), kesambi (Schleichera oleosa), teak (Tectona grandis), cajuput (Melaleuca leucadendron), Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), and a mixed stand. Each stand was observed four times. The square location was randomly determined based on a contour map of the area. The variables of the study of diversity in terms of taxonomy consist of species, genus, family, and order richness. The results were, then, analyzed statistically using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Turkeyâ€™s test. The result of the study shows that the species of the main stands was affected very significantly by the diversity of all level: species, genus, family, and order total richness. The Pine stand has the highest rank in terms of number of species, genus, family, and order richness.Key words: taxonomic diversity, main stands, Wanagama
Genetic diversity of sago palm in Indonesia based on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers
Authors: ABBAS BARAHIMA , RENWARIN YANUARIUS , BINTORO MUHAMMAD HASIM , SUDARSONO SUDARSONO , SURAHMAN2 MEMEN , EHARA HIROSHI
Published: July 2014

Abbas B, Renwarin Y, Bintoro MH, Sudarsono, Surahman M, Ehara H (2010) Genetic diversity of sago palm in Indonesia based on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers. Biodiversitas 11: 112-117. Sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) was believed capable to accumulate high carbohydrate content in its trunk. The capability of sago palm producing high carbohydrate should be an appropriate criterion for defining alternative crops in anticipating food crisis. The objective of this research was to study genetic diversity of sago palm in Indonesia based on cpDNA markers. Total genome extraction was done following the Qiagen DNA isolation protocols 2003. Single Nucleotide Fragments (SNF) analyses were performed by using ABI Prism GeneScanR 3.7. SNF analyses detected polymorphism revealing eleven alleles and ten haplotypes from total 97 individual samples of sago palm. Specific haplotypes were found in thepopulation from Papua, Sulawesi, and Kalimantan. Therefore, the three islands will be considered as origin of sago palm diversities in Indonesia. The highest haplotype numbers and the highest specific haplotypes were found in the population from Papua suggesting this islands as the centre and the origin of sago palm diversities in Indonesia. The research had however no sufficient data yet to conclude the Papua origin of sago palm. Genetic hierarchies and differentiations of sago palm samples were observed significantly different within populations (P=0.04574), among populations (P=0.04772), and among populations within the island (P=0.03366), but amongislands no significant differentiations were observed (P= 0.63069).Key words: genetic diversity, sago palm, chloroplast DNA, haplotype, Indonesia.
Community structure of macrozoobenthic feeding guilds in responses to eutrophication in Jakarta Bay
Authors: TAURUSMAN AM AZBAS
Published: July 2014

Taurusman AA (2010) Community structure of macrozoobenthic feeding guilds in responses to eutrophication in Jakarta Bay.Biodiversitas 11: 133-138. The group of benthic fauna which feed on the same food sources are classified as a feeding guild. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the distribution and composition of macrozoobenthic feeding guilds along gradient of organic enrichment (trophic states) in Jakarta Bay. The result of the present study was shown that at the hypertrophic stations of the bay dominated by species of surface deposit feeding polychaetes such as, Dodecaceria sp., Cirratulus sp., Capitella sp., and Spionidae. The eutrophic zone of the bay was dominated by suspension feeding bivalves Mactra sp., Chione sp. The offshore area (mesotrophic zone)showed a high diversity of species and feeding guilds compared to other areas. The patterns of feeding guilds in the mesotrophic zone indicated a higher stability of macrozoobenthos community, indicated by the presence of deep-deposit feeder (e.g. Acetes sp.), surface deposit feeders (e.g. Prionospio sp.), suspension feeders (e.g. Chione sp.), and carnivores (e.g. Nephthys sp.) in comparable proportions.The structure of macrozoobenthic feeding guilds in an eutrophic coastal water is positively related to the quantity and quality of organic matters (eutrophic states), and the capability of benthic species in adaptation to such environmental condition.Key words: macrozoobenthos, feeding guild, eutrophication, coastal water, Jakarta Bay.