bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Filtered and Unfiltered Cigarette Effect on White Rats Male Reproduction (Rattus norvegicus L.)
Authors: Budiantoro Agung , Farhanah Nurul Amalia
Published: February 2024

Cigarette smoke can cause various health problems, one of which is a decrease in fertility in males. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of smoke exposure between with and without filter hand-rolled kretek cigarettes (SKT) and white cigarettes on white rats male reproduction: sperm quality in the form of sperm motility and viability, also the structure of seminiferous tubules. This study used 5 treatment groups (KP), namely controls not given exposure to cigarette smoke (KP0), exposure to unfiltered kretek cigarette smoke (KP1), exposure to filtered kretek cigarettes (KP2), exposure to unfiltered white cigarette smoke (KP3) and exposure to secondhand smoke. filtered white cigarettes (KP4) with treatment placement arrangement in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and if there is a significant difference, a Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) is carried out. The results obtained on sperm quality, namely sperm motility and viability, decreased. Good quality at KP0 then the quality decreases successively starting from KP1, KP2, KP3 and KP4. The results on histpathological observations of the seminiferous tubules, there were no pathological changes found in all treatments. In contrast to the histopathology of seminiferous tubules, the number of spermatogenic cells showed a significant difference between treatments with the least average spermatogenic count and a decrease in the number of cells from spermatogonia cells to spermatid cells, namely in the treatment group exposure to filtered white cigarette smoke (KP4). Overall, the exposure that caused the most severe impact on all measured parameters was in the treatment group of filtered white cigarette smoke (KP4).
The Effect of the Type of Planting Media and The Addition of O2 Nanobubbles on the Growth of Dendrobium burana Green × Ong Ang Ai Boon Orchid Plantlets in Vitro
Authors: Purnamasari Viska , Rahayu Tintrim , Jayanti Gatra Ervi , Agisimanto Dita
Published: February 2024

Dendrobium orchids come in a variety of colors, shapes, and beauty that are in great demand. The process of growing orchids requires special handling of an appropriate growing environment, such as proper planting media and nutrients that can stimulate orchid growth. This type of thin liquid film media is the use of liquid media with an immersion system while vermiculite and perlite media have almost the same properties. However, vermiculite has a higher water absorption capacity than perlite. Nanobubbles are bubbles with 1-100 nm that can live more stably in water. This study aims to influence the type of media and the addition of Nanobubbles O2 on the growth of Dendrobium burana Green × Ong Ang Ai Boon orchid plantlets. This research was carried out from November to December 2022 at the PT. Java Indo Arjuna Singosari, Malang. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 treatments, namely solid MS, gaviota solid, thin liquid film, thin liquid film + NBs O2, vermiculite, vermiculite + NBs O2, perlite, perlite + NBs O2, vermiculite + Perlite, vermiculite + perlite + NBs O2 with 4 replications. The data were analyzed descriptively and the Manova test. The results showed that the vermiculite + NBs O2 treatment had the potential to increase the length of plantlets by 13.80 mm, the wet weight of plantlets by 0.30 g, the percentage of live plantlets by 100% whereas in the vermiculite + perlite treatment has the potential for the first root growth to appear, namely 5 HST. The vermiculite treatment had the potential to increase the highest number of leaves by 5 leaves, whereas in the leaf color treatment the solid MS treatment had a more intense green color.
Conversion of LDPE Plastic Oil to Gasoline by Supercritical Water Liquefaction
Authors: Elyana Enggar Ira , Febriyanti Febriyanti , Rohim Fathur , Rusdy Rafael Arthorito , Sari Diva Luckyta , Juwono Hendro
Published: February 2024

LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) is one of the plastic waste that is often found in the surrounding environment. Based on data from the National Waste Management Information System (SIPSN) in 2022, waste in Indonesia reached 17.834.071 tons/year with 18.5% being plastic waste. Plastic waste management generally uses recycling. However, recycling plastic waste is not efficient enough in tackling plastic waste in Indonesia. Recently, a promising alternative recycling method for the future is pyrolysis, a process to convert plastic into fuel oil. However, the pyrolyzed oil still contains impurities that reduce the quality of the oil. As an effort to improve the quality of pyrolysis oil, the author proposes the addition of zeolite catalyst in the pyrolysis process followed by the Supercritical Water Liquefaction (SWL) method. The zeolite catalyst aids the degradation process thereby accelerating the reaction rate. The SWL method is able to convert plastic waste into low molecular weight chemicals. The results obtained will be analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) to determine the length of the carbon chain in the sample. Based on the chromatography data, it is found that the number of peaks and retention times show carbon chains ranging from C8-C12, from these results it can be identified that the sample is included in kerosene or kerosene compounds. After the SWL process, the percentage of kerosene and diesel is reduced to 11% gasoline. So the Supercritical Water Liquefaction process is proven to break down long hydrocarbon chains into lighter ones.
Integration of community pharmacies in an Italian colorectal cancer screening program: insights from the Local Health Authority of Bologna
Authors: Chiereghin Angela , Pizzi Lorenzo , Sanna Tiziana , Squillace Lorena , Bazzani Carmen , Roti Lorenzo , Mezzetti Francesca
Published: February 2024

In Italy, a nationwide population-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening initiative has been in place since 2006. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in involving community pharmacies in this activity. This commentary provides an insightful analysis of the integration between the screening program of the Local Health Authority (LHA) of Bologna (Northern Italy) and community pharmacies. A horizontal integration at the micro level with service and clinical integrations supported by meso-level policy (regional authority) was applied. Four types of integration such as normative, informational, financial and functional serving as enablers were implemented. A high level of depth of consensus, connectivity, communication, and trust was pursued. The program achieved large participation from community pharmacies, with 91.1% (n = 234) of pharmacies in the LHA territory actively participating. On average, each pharmacy served 1,228 (range, 1,021-1,519) target citizens. Between 2021 (the first full year under the community pharmacy model) and 2022, pharmacies delivered an annual mean of 68,295 kits (range, 12-840). In 2021, there was a remarkably high level of screening completion, with 93.7% of fecal immunochemical tests being returned to pharmacies. This percentage increased by 3.3% in 2022. In our setting, pharmacy involvement improved service quality by introducing complete traceability of kits and specimen flow, as well as temperature control. It also led to a 4.6% increase in attendance rates compared to the previous organizational model (61.6% vs. 57%; P < 0.001). Finally, additional European experiences involving community pharmacies in organized CRC screening programs, resembling the Bologna setting, are reported.
Analysis of current methods for improving the reliability of steering systems in agricultural transport when moving on deformable soils
Authors: Semynin M. V. , Kostenko M. Y.
Published: February 2024

This article is dedicated to the analysis of current methods aimed at improving the reliability of steering control in agricultural transport when operating on deformable soil. Objective of this paper is to analyze existing methods aimed at enhancing the reliability of steering control in agricultural transport on deformable terrain. Given the high relevance of the use of vehicles in agriculture on such ground conditions, there is a need to develop methods that can improve steering reliability and reduce the likelihood of accidents. The outcome of this article is a consideration of various approaches and methods that help address this issue; the paper aims to consolidate experience and knowledge in this field and offer recommendations for enhancing the steering control reliability of agricultural transport when operating on deformable soil. The methods examined in this paper include improving the quality of materials and components, developing optimal ball joint geometry, using automatic adjustment systems, applying new «Precision Agriculture» technology concepts, and implementing operational self-diagnostics with regular technical maintenance. Selection of stronger and more durable materials, the installation of automatic suspension adjustment systems, and regular technical maintenance will increase the reliability and lifespan of steering equipment on deformable soil. The use of new technologies, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, will enhance the safety of agricultural machines. The author brings novelty to the study of enhancing steering control reliability in agricultural transport on deformable soil by focusing on the application of modern technologies and methods, such as the use of automatic adjustment systems and the implementation of new technologies. Moreover, the author emphasizes the need for regular technical maintenance and replacement of worn parts to maintain the efficiency and safety of the steering equipment's operation.
The Extraction of Chitin from Indonesian Shells and its Potential as Zinc Ion Batteries Supporting Material
Authors: Putra Abdillah Syah , Sulistina Irma , Febrianti Mutiara , Apdhila Nuril Mina , Yudha Cornelius Satria
Published: February 2024

Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has a very wide water area. One of the results of aquaculture in Indonesia is shrimp. Shrimp production results based on data from the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries in 2022 amounted to 8,3 tons. This makes Indonesia one of the largest shrimp-exporting countries in Southeast Asia. The part of the shrimp that is often consumed by the public is the meat. So that the heads, tails, and shells that have been peeled are often discarded. Shrimp waste besides being able to pollute the environment can also disturb the comfort of local residents, so efforts are needed to overcome it. Shrimp shell contains 27.6% minerals, 34.9% protein, and 18.1% chitin. The chitin content in shrimp shells can be processed into materials for zinc-ion batteries, namely into chitosan which has non-toxic properties and can be used as polymer electrolytes that have good conductivity values through the deacetylation process. The main ingredient used is shrimp shell powder from shrimp waste that has been cleaned and dried. In this study, there are three steps of procedures, namely the deproteination method using NaOH base solution, demineralization using HCl acid solution, and testing for the presence of chitin with the Van Wesslink color reaction. In this experiment, the yields obtained were 0.38, 0.1, 0.12, dan 0.47-gram chitin/gram shrimp shell. The big difference in the yield produced is due to the different types of shrimp waste used.
Improving Grid Reliability in Jordan: A Proposal for Integrated Demand Side Management and Energy Storage Solutions
Authors: Rzouq Rami , Jazar Faisal , Shuqair Yazid , Hiary Ahmad , Alzoube Hashem , Algharaghyr Rakan
Published: February 2024

Increased use of Renewable energy systems (RES) in Jordan has posed a major challenge in maintaining our grid stability. Jordan a country that relies on imported natural resources to power up its grid is using more and more RES with an aim to cut back on costs and CO2 emissions. This paper investigates the usage of Demand Side Management (DSM) and Energy Storage Systems (ESS) to improve the grid’s reliability. A survey was conducted to analyze the opinion and acceptance of the Jordanian population on the implementation of DSM in Jordan. (ESS) mentioned in detail in this paper are: Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems (CAES), Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Systems(SMES), and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Systems(PHES). The survey conducted showed a general scope of willingness of participation from people with 71.7% out of the 385 individuals who participated in the survey saying that they will participate in such a program if implemented in Jordan.
Synthesis of Copper Carbonate from Copper Waste Using the Hydrometallurgical Method
Authors: Paramitha Tika
Published: February 2024

Electronic waste in Indonesia continues to increase, electronic waste is categorized as B3 waste which can threaten the environment. Electronic waste contains metals that can berecovery namely 20% copper (Cu), 8% iron (Fe), 4% tin (Sn), 2% nickel (Ni), 2% lead (Pb), 1% zinc (Zn), 0.2% silver (Ag), 0.1% gold (Au) and 0.005% palladium (Pa). Copper can be used as a raw material for making pigments mountain blue. Pigment extraction from copper metal can be done using the hydrometallurgical method which is considered more environmentally friendly and economical. The hydrometallurgical method uses solvents in the liquid phase to dissolve copper metal from waste and convert it into the desired compound. The materials used to make mountain blue pigment are copper waste, sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and distilled water. Meanwhile, the materials used for pigment application are Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). In this process, washing or leaching will be carried out(leaching) namely a chemical concentration process to release ore impurities from a mineral by dissolving it using certain reagents. Factors that influence the metal leaching process are temperature and acid concentration. In this experiment, the hydrometallurgical method succeeded in processing electronic waste into a blue pigment (mountain blue). The average pigment yield mountain blue in this experiment it was 1.25 grams of montain blue/gram of copper. Furthermore, the average conversion of pigment  mountain blue was 89.3%.
Kajian Kriminologi Kejahatan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Di Provinsi Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Purnomo Armando Tri Cahyo , Sibarani Jesika Bonita , Silangit Intan Gloria Mawar , Widiyani Heni
Published: February 2024

Kejahatan pencucian uang merupakan kejahatan terorganisir. Yang dimaksud dengan tindak pidana pencucian uang adalah pengubahan keuntungan yang diperoleh dari kegiatan melawan hukum menjadi aset keuangan yang berasal dari sumber yang tidak melawan hukum. Provinsi Kepulauan Riau merupakan provinsi kedua setelah DKI Jakarta dimana menurut data laporan PPATK (Pusat Pelaporan dan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan) terdapat 11.318 Laporan Transaksi Keuangan Mencurigakan sepanjang tahun 2021 dan pada tahun 2022 sebanyak 4.475 Laporan. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif, dengan pendekatan konseptual dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan gambaran bahwa beberapa faktor terjadinya fenomena tersebut disebabkan oleh letak geografis Kepulauan Riau yang berbatasan dengan negara tetangga, letaknya yang sangat strategis karena berhadapan langsung dengan beberapa negara tetangga, menjadikan Kepulauan Riau Provinsi ini sangat rentan terhadap tindak pidana pencucian uang.serta perkembangannya Kota Metropolitan seperti Kota Batam memiliki pusat hiburan malam terbesar di Indonesia, dan berkembangnya teknologi sistem transfer keuangan membuat transaksi pencucian uang sangat rentan terjadi.
Pengambilan Keputusan Euthanasia Pasif dalam Kehidupan Akhir Pasien: Tinjauan Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Cahyasabrina Ghea Tyagita , Abidahsari Irma , Geraldine Mohammad Al Rainer , Purba Hotmaita Arta , Bakhtiar Handar Subhandi
Published: February 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaturan suntik mati atau euthanasia di Indonesia serta bagaimana euthanasia pasif dipandang dalam HAM. Euthanasia merupakan sebuah perbuatan yang dilaksanakan melalui kehendak peringanan terhadap rasa sakit pasien dengan menunda pengobatan yang sedang dilakukan atau dengan memberi mereka obat yang dapat mempercepat kematian. Euthanasia dibagi menjadi 2 yakni Pasif dan aktif. Indonesia melihat perbuatan euthanasia dengan pandangan pro dan kontra. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa euthanasia merupakan tindakan yang dilarang dalam peraturan perundangan Indonesia. Euthanasia dari kacamata HAM dalam prinsipnya mengedepankan hak atas hidup. Euthanasia telah kontradiksi dengan pasal-pasal yang diatur berkenaan Hak Asasi Manusia, seperti halnya UUD 1945 Pasal 28A,28G ayat (2),Pasal 28I ayat (1) selain itu UU Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia dalam "Pasal 4", "Pasal 9 ayat (1)", dan "Pasal 33 ayat (2)."
Editorial. Regulación emocional: un nuevo desafío en la comprensión y el tratamiento de las adicciones
Authors: Latorre José Miguel
Published: February 2024

En los últimos años, la confluencia de diferentes áreas de investigación ha puesto de manifiesto que las dificultades en la regulación de las emociones (RE) juegan un papel central en el desarrollo y el mantenimiento de la psicopatología. El uso de estrategias no adaptativas para regular las emociones está relacionado con un amplio espectro de trastornos mentales como la ansiedad, la depresión, los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria o las adicciones. De esta forma, la RE se ha convertido en un importante constructo transdiagnóstico, constituyendo una dimensión común de una amplia variedad de trastornos y un importante objetivo de las técnicas psicoterapéuticas para diferentes problemas de salud mental, incluyendo las adicciones.
Influencia de las redes sociales en el proceso de toma de decisión de viaje de mujeres viajeras millennials limeñas
Authors:   , Macutela Ibarra Paloma Iris
Published: February 2024

Este artículo es un estudio de caso centrado en analizar la influencia que tienen las redes sociales en todo el proceso de toma de decisión de viaje de mujeres viajeras millennials limeñas, en 10 mujeres que cumplen con los filtros establecidos en esta investigación. Este artículo propone entender todos los factores que influyen sobre el grupo elegido y cómo este grupo interactúa en las redes sociales, además de conocer la relación que tiene el grupo objetivo con las plataformas de comunicación y qué factores son los que le generan confianza en el proceso de toma de decisión de viaje.
WITHDRAWN: Study On Prevalence Of Bovine Mastitis, Associated Risk Factors, And Isolation Of Staphylococcus Species And Escherichia Coli From Mastitic Milk In Dairy Farms Of Wolaita Sodo Town And Its Suburbs, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Tegegne Hailehizeb , Feleke Melkamu , Ejigu Eyoel , Mengistu Azeb
Published: February 2024

23 February, 2024. Research Square has withdrawn this preprint as it overlaps with the 2023 thesis work of Melkamu Feleke, and was posted without the permission of Melkamu Feleke and their advisor.
Altered static and dynamic functional network connectivity in Primary angle-closure glaucoma patients
Authors: wang yuanyuan , Shu Yongqiang , Cai Guoqian , Guo Yu , Gao Junwei , Chen Ye , Lv Lianjiang , Zeng* Xianjun
Published: February 2024

Objective: To explore altered patterns of static and dynamic functional brain network connectivity (sFNC and dFNC) in Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients.
Methods: Clinically confirmed 34 PACG patients and 33 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent evaluation using T1 anatomical and functional MRI on a 3T scanner. Independent component analysis, sliding window, and the K-means clustering method were employed to investigate the functional network connectivity (FNC) and temporal metrics based on eight resting-state networks. Differences in FNC and temporal metrics were identified and subsequently correlated with clinical variables.
Results: For sFNC, compared with HCs, PACG patients showed three decreased interactions, including SMN-AN, SMN-VN and VN-AN pairs. For dFNC, the results are highly congruent. In addition, PACG patients had a decreased fraction of time and mean dwell time in state 2 and an increased fraction of time and mean dwell time in state 3 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: PACG patients exhibit abnormalities in both sFNC and dFNC. The high degree of overlap between static and dynamic results suggests the stability of functional connectivity networks in PACG patients, which provide a new perspective to understand the neuropathological mechanisms of optic nerve damage in PACG patients.
Dynamics and Analysis of Dengue Epidemics: A Fractional Order SIR Model with Next-Generation Matrix Methodology
Authors: Alsinai Ammar , Niazi Azmat Ullah Khan , Ramay Easha , Ahmed Bilal
Published: February 2024

One of the major infectious diseases in the world is dengue. Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral infection, continues to pose a significant public health threat in tropical and subtropical countries. In this article, we analyze the susceptible-infected-recuperated (SIR) model-based fractional order differential equation of the dengue epidemic system and we analyze of fractional model for the dengue transmission utilizing the new term Human hospitalized. The next-generation matrix methodology is used to obtain the threshold quantity value $R_{0}$, which is comparable to the essential reproduction value. In the case of constant controls, we evaluate the presence and consistency of the disease-free and infectious equilibrium simulation alternatives. The disease-free equilibrium (DFE) point and the endemic equilibrium point's local stability are discussed. We were able to determine that DFE is locally asymptotically stable when $R_{0}<1$ and unstable when $R_{0}>1$ by applying the linearization theorem. Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the proposed model against real-world dengue data. For various parameter values of the derivative $\alpha$ order, numerical simulations are provided. The proposed model is validated using published every year (390 millions) dengue cases are reported in world wide. The presented model, it is noted, offers a more accurate means of analyzing the dynamics of the disease dengue.
2010 MSC: 26A33, 34K37.
Identification of novel VTA-CA2 neural circuit with potential involvement in Parkinsons’s disease dementia degeneration
Authors: Chang Raymond Chuen-Chung , Lai Michael Siu-Lung , Sørensen Maja Højvang , Lee Krit , Chu John Man-Tak
Published: February 2024

CA2 region was found to have predominantly enriched α-synuclein accumulation in Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) with unknown pathological spreading routes. Here, we traced the novel neural circuit connecting the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to CA2 and identified the CA2 neuronal subtype involved in this circuit by viral tracing and tissue clearing technique. These data shed light on the potential progression route during the development of PDD.
Graph Convolutional Network for predicting secondary structure of RNA
Authors: Korkin Dmitry , ammartayakun Aukkawut , Busaranuvong Palawat , Khosravi-Far Roya
Published: February 2024

The prediction of RNA secondary structures is essential for understanding its underlying principles and applications in diverse fields, including molecular diagnostics and RNA-based therapeutic strategies. However, the complexity of the search space presents a challenge. This work proposes a Graph Convolutional Network (GCNfold) for predicting the RNA secondary structure. GCNfold considers an RNA sequence as graph-structured data and predicts posterior base-pairing probabilities given the prior base-pairing probabilities, calculated using McCaskill’s partition function. The performance of GCNfold surpasses that of the state-of-the-art folding algorithms, as we have incorpo-rated minimum free energy information into the richly parameterized network, enhancing its robustness in predicting non-homologous RNA secondary structures. A Symmetric Argmax Post-processing algorithm ensures that GCNfold formulates valid structures. To validate our algo-rithm, we applied it to the SARS-CoV-2 E gene and determined the secondary structure of the E-gene across the Betacoronavirus subgenera.
Biofilm-producing ability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinically isolated in China
Authors: JingYi Yu , Weihua Han , Yanlei Xu , Li Shen , Jiao Zhang , Yinjuan Guo , Fangyou Yu , Huilin Zhao , Yanghua Xiao
Published: February 2024

Background
Staphylococcus aureus, a commensal bacterium, colonizes the skin and mucous membranes of approximately 30% of the human population. Apart from conventional resistance mechanisms, one of the pathogenic features of S. aureus is its ability to survive in a biofilm state on both biotic and abiotic surfaces. Due to this characteristic, S. aureus is a major cause of human infections, with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) being a significant contributor to both community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections.
Results
Analyzing non-repetitive clinical isolates of MRSA collected from seven provinces and cities in China between 2014 and 2020, it was observed that 53.2% of the MRSA isolates exhibited varying degrees of adhesion ability. The biofilm positivity rate was notably high in MRSA isolates from Guangdong, Jiangxi, and Hubei. The predominant MRSA strains collected in this study were of sequence types ST59, ST5, and ST239, with the biofilm-producing capability mainly distributed among moderate and weak biofilm producers within these ST types. Notably, certain sequence types, such as ST188, ST7, and ST88, exhibited a high prevalence of strong biofilm-producing strains. The study found that SCCmec IV was the predominant type among biofilm-positive MRSA, followed by SCCmec II. Comparing strains with weak and strong biofilm production capabilities, the positive rates of the sdrD and sdrE genes were higher in strong biofilm producers. The genetic determinants ebp, icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, icaR, and sdrE were associated with strong biofilm production in MRSA. Additionally, biofilm-negative MRSA isolates showed higher sensitivity rates to cephalothin (94.8%), clindamycin (94.5%), mupirocin (86.5%), teicoplanin (94.5%), fusidic acid (90.9%), and linezolid (94.5%) compared to biofilm-positive MRSA isolates. The biofilm positivity rate was consistently above 50% in all collected specimen types.
Conclusions
MRSA strains with biofilm production capability warrant increased vigilance.
Pressure Ulcers and associated factors among adult patients admitted to The Surgical Wards in the Comprehensive Specialized Hospital of the Northwest Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Habtamu , Zemene Workie , Tesfaye Mrs.Eleny
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Pressure ulcers are a serious concern in patients with prolonged bedtime and present with common complications following surgery. It is one of the key performance indicators of the quality of nursing care provided to patients. Several studies have reported the prevalence of pressure ulcers in Ethiopia. There is a lack of evidence regarding its prevalence and associated factors in the current study area. The main objective of this study was to assess pressure ulcers and their associated factors among adult patients admitted to the surgical ward of the Amhara Regional Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia in,2023.
Method
An institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from June 15 to June 19, 2023, in Northwest Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 480 patients. Descriptive data are presented as absolute numbers with percentages, and multivariate analysis was used to assess the statistical associations between associated factors and pressure ulcers. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.
Results
A total of 49 pressure ulcers were detected among 480 patients. a prevalence rate of 10.2%, 95% CI (7.7, 12.9). Participants who had smoked (95% CI: AOR 7.46 (2.64,21.06), were bedridden (95% CI: AOR 3.92 (1.28, 11.66), had length of hospital stay of 21 days (95% CI: AOR 3.01 (1.13, 8.02), had pain (95% CI: AOR 3.20 (1.06, 7.51), or had friction and shear (95% CI: AOR 5.71 (1.91, 17.08), were found to be significant factors associated with pressure ulcers.
Conclusion
This study showed that a high percentage of PUs among patients had pressure ulcers. Smoking status, pain, bedridden status, friction and shear problems, and length of hospital stay were significantly associated with pressure ulcers. Healthcare providers should educate patients about smoking risks, pain management, mattress installation, and linen care.
Active site remodeling in tumor-relevant IDH1 mutants drives distinct kinetic features and potential resistance mechanisms
Authors: Sohl Christal , Mealka Matthew , Sierra Nicole , Matteo Diego , Albekioni Elene , Khoury Rachel , Mai Timothy , Conley Brittany , Coleman Nalani , Sabo Kaitlyn , Komives Elizabeth , Bobkov Andrey , Cooksy Andrew , Silletti Steve , Schiffer Jamie , Huxford Tom
Published: February 2024

Mutations in human isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) drive tumor formation in a variety of cancers by replacing its conventional activity with a neomorphic activity that generates an oncometabolite. Little is understood of the mechanistic differences among tumor-driving IDH1 mutants. We previously reported that the R132Q mutant uniquely preserves conventional activity while catalyzing robust oncometabolite production, allowing an opportunity to compare these reaction mechanisms within a single active site. Here, we employed static and dynamic structural methods and found that, compared to R132H, the R132Q active site adopted a conformation primed for catalysis with optimized substrate binding and hydride transfer to drive improved conventional and neomorphic activity over R132H. This active site remodeling revealed a possible mechanism of resistance to selective mutant IDH1 therapeutic inhibitors. This work enhances our understanding of fundamental IDH1 mechanisms while pinpointing regions for improving inhibitor selectivity.
Burdens of gastric cancer attributable to high sodium intake from 1990 to 2019 with projections to 2040: Findings from the global burden of disease study
Authors: Tian Tian , Wang Jing , Zhao Yu-Qiang , Meng Shi-Yin , Zhang Shang-Xin , Ni Jing , Li Yuan-Cheng
Published: February 2024

Background
This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis and predict the global and regional disease burden of gastric cancer (GC) caused by high sodium intake.
Methods
We used the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate (ASDR) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019 to analyze the GC burden attributable to high sodium intake by sex, age, countries, regions, and Socio-demographic index (SDI). To quantify the secular trends of ASMR and ASDR from 1990 to 2019, we calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). And the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model integrated nested Laplace approximations to predict the disease burden over the next 31 years.
Results
Globally, the ASMR and ASDR attributable to high sodium intake have both decreased, with EAPC of -1.83 (95% CI: -2.02, -1.65 ) and − 2.09 (95% CI: -2.29, -1.90 ), respectively. Across all sexes and age groups, this burden of disease is highest among males and the elderly population. Between 1990 and 2019, the highest global burden due to GC was observed in middle and high-middle SDI regions, especially in East Asia. According to predictions from the BAPC model, the age-standardized rate (ASR) of GC caused by high sodium intake has been decreasing from 2020 to 2040.
Conclusions
The burden of GC attributable to high sodium intake is decreasing, but the situation is not optimistic in some countries and regions. Specific health policies and interventions are necessary in the future.
Genome-wide discovery of underlying genetic factors associated with fresh and frozen-thawed semen traits in composite ram breeds exhibiting different cryosensitivity
Authors: BÜLBÜL Bülent , DOĞAN Şükrü , DAYANIKLI Cemal , KIRBAŞ Mesut , SENGÜL Ebru , KAL Yavuz , Yaman Yalçın
Published: February 2024

There are fewer studies investigating the effects of underlying genetic factors related to semen characteristics, which significantly affect sheep farm profitability. This study represents the first Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) comparing the genetic backgrounds of two composite sheep breeds with high (Hasmer) and low (Hasak) cryotolerance. To unravel the genetic background of cryotolerance parameters, semen was collected from rams via an artificial vagina and cryopreserved in 0.25 ml straws during the breeding season. Quality characteristics were determined in fresh, equilibrated, and frozen-thawed semen. Despite identical management and climatic conditions, the freeze-thawing process had a more pronounced negative effect on ram semen traits in Hasak than in Hasmer. The conducted GWAS aimed to unveil the genetic structure that might be attributed to cryotolerance, resulting in the identification of 27 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) positions influencing post-thaw semen parameters. Moreover, network analyses revealed pathways related to sperm ion channels and their activities, providing insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying sperm physiology and emphasizing their role in potentially impacting sperm cryotolerance. The functional significance of the detected SNPs and their associated pathways requires further exploration.
Serum Protein α-Klotho Mediates the Association between Lead, Mercury, and Kidney Function
Authors: Jiang Lin , Guo Tingting , Zhong Xin , Cai Yini , Yang Wanyu , Zhang Jun
Published: February 2024

Background
Exposure to heavy metals, particularly lead and mercury, has been identified as a significant risk factor for renal dysfunction, often through mechanisms involving oxidative stress. Despite extensive research, the specific role of serum α-klotho in modulating the effects of these metals on kidney function remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between serum levels of lead, mercury, and renal function, investigate oxidative stress's potential modulatory effects, and explore the mediating role of serum α-klotho in this context among US adults, as derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data spanning 2007 to 2016.
Methods
In a cross-sectional analysis of 11,032 adults aged 40 to 79 years from NHANES, we measured serum lead and mercury levels via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and serum α-klotho levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Kidney function was evaluated through the creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Multivariable linear regression models were applied to investigate the correlations between serum heavy metal concentrations, serum α-klotho, and eGFR. Additionally, a mediation analysis model was employed to determine the role of serum α-klotho in mediating the relationship between heavy metal exposure and renal function.
Results
Our findings indicate a significant association between serum lead and mercury levels and reduced eGFR, suggesting impaired renal function with increased heavy metal exposure. Mediation analysis revealed that serum α-klotho mediated 6.10–9.75% of the effect of serum lead and mercury on eGFR, highlighting its role in the pathway between heavy metal exposure and kidney function. Subgroup analysis further specified that serum α-klotho significantly mediates the relationship for lead in women and individuals aged 40–69, whereas its mediating role for mercury did not show distinct patterns across gender and age groups.
Conclusions
The study demonstrates that serum lead and mercury are negatively correlated with renal function, with serum α-klotho playing a mediating role in this association. These findings underscore the importance of considering serum α-klotho in the context of heavy metal exposure and kidney health, offering new insights into potential preventive and therapeutic mechanisms for renal function impairment. Further research is warranted to explore the clinical applications of targeting serum α-klotho in mitigating the adverse effects of heavy metals on the kidneys.
Profiling insecticide resistance phenotypes and genotypes in Aedes aegypti populations across four regions in Puerto Rico
Authors: Collins Emma , Quintana Joanelis Medina , Morales Reynaldo , Moss Sophie , Acford-Palmer Holly , Higgins Matthew , Phelan Jody , Clark Taane G. , Brown Grayson , Campino Susana
Published: February 2024

Vector-borne diseases (VBD) exert a considerable toll on global health. Vector control strategies efficacy is being threatened by the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance worldwide. In this study, we investigated the insecticide resistance phenotypes and genotypes of Ae. aegypti populations in four regions of Puerto Rico. Insecticide resistance intensity CDC bioassays were employed to determine the response to deltamethrin and malathion. In parallel, next generation targeted amplicon sequencing was used to investigate the presence of insecticide resistance-conferring mutations in nine targets across four genes: the voltage gated sodium channel (vgsc); GABA (rdl); acetylcholinesterase (ace-1); and Glutathione-S-transferase epsilon 2 (GSTe2). We observed high resistance levels to deltamethrin and malathion in Ae. aegypti, supported by molecular evidence revealing five mutations (V410L (vgsc), L978F (vgsc), V1012I/R (vgsc), F1534C (vgsc), A301S (rdl)), previously linked to insecticide resistance. A new mutation (L921I, vgsc) was also detected, which has not yet been documented in Aedes spp. vectors but has been linked to pyrethroid resistance in other medically significant vectors and agricultural pests. Our research highlights the presence of insecticide resistance and associated mutations in Puerto Rico, which is valuable for vector control programs, providing information to guide decisions regarding the implementation of effective control interventions. Word Count: 282
Perceptions, attitudes, and challenges regarding continuing professional development among Ethiopian medical laboratory professionals: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Negussie Adugna , Sisay Abay , Shibabaw Agumas , Kebede Edosa , Tesfaye Firehiwot , Kedida Gizachew , Deneke Nadew , Teklu Takele , Cheneke Waqtola
Published: February 2024

Background
Medical laboratory professionals play vital roles in healthcare. The growing demand for quality laboratory services and emerging technologies underscore the crucial need for continuing professional development (CPD). However, there is limited information on CPD programs in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess medical laboratory professionals’ perceptions, attitudes, and challenges toward CPD and improve engagement to enhance diagnostic service quality.
Methods
This cross-sectional study enrolled 228 medical laboratory professionals in Ethiopia from July to October 2023. A mixed-methods approach that combined quantitative data from an online survey and qualitative data from interviews was used. SPSS version 28 was used for the data analysis.
Results
The average age of the study participants was 32.6 ± 6.4 (SD) years, the majority were men (88.6%), and 44.3% had worked for more than ten years. Of the participants, 51% never had CPD training. Approximately three-fourths of the participants perceived CPD as essential to their professional careers. Approximately 45.2% of the study participants perceived that the purpose of the CPD course is to renew their license and gain knowledge and skills that are not covered in basic training. While most participants had good attitudes toward CPD, approximately 10% of them stated that CPD is not important for their career growth. The majority of the study participants were not in support of the decentralized CPD system. A notable problem with finance, insufficient manpower, unsupportive employers, a lack of awareness by regulatory bodies, and inadequate access to training close to their working area were identified as significant challenges of the CPD program.
Conclusion
This study highlights the perception that CPD is crucial for enhanced laboratory practices and career advancement. This study highlights the need for targeted strategies to address the identified problems and increase the engagement of medical laboratory professionals in the CPD program.
Computational design of novel chimeric multiepitope vaccine against bacterial and viral disease in tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)
Authors: Pumchan Ansaya , Proespraiwong Porranee , Sawatdichaikul Orathai , Phurahong Thararat , Hirono Ikuo , Unajak Sasimanas
Published: February 2024

Regarding several piscine infectious diseases, several vaccinated is not favorable. The chimeric multiepitope vaccine (CMEV) harboring several antigens for multi-disease prevention would enhance vaccine efficiency in terms of multiple disease prevention. Herein, the immunogens of tilapia’s seven pathogens including E. tarda, F. columnare, F. noatunensis, S. iniae, S. agalactiae, A. hydrophila, and TiLV were used for CMEV design. After shuffling and annotating the B-cell epitopes, 5,040 CMEV primary protein structures were obtained. Secondary and tertiary protein structures were predicted by AlphaFold2 creating 25,200 CMEV. Proper amino acid alignment in the secondary structures was achieved by the Ramachandran plot. In silico determination of physiochemical and other properties including allergenicity, antigenicity, glycosylation, and conformational B-cell epitopes were determined. The selected CMEV (OSLM0467, OSLM2629, and OSLM4294) showed predicted molecular weight (MW) of 70 kDa, with feasible sites of N- and O-glycosylation, and a number of potentially conformational B-cell epitope residues. Molecular docking, codon optimization, and in-silico cloning were tested to evaluate the possibility of protein expression. Those CMEVs will further elucidate in vitro and in vivo to evaluate the efficacy and specific immune response. This research will highlight the new era of vaccines designed based on in silico structural vaccine design.
Endometrial echo patterns of embryo transfer day affect pregnancy outcomes in frozen embryo transfer cycles: a retrospective clinical study
Authors: Cheng Xi , Yang Bin , Wang Li , Ma Jinzhao , Huang Xuan , Jueraitetibaike Kadiliya , Zhou Cheng , Tang Xu , Fu Haiyan , Li Biying , Cai Xiting , Yao Bing , Chen Li
Published: February 2024

Background: Echo pattern is the ultrasonic index reflecting endometrial proliferation and/or stromal decidualization. However, consensus of endometrial echo pattern and IVF pregnant outcomes is lacking in clinical application.
Methods: The retrospective cohort study analyzed the data from the electronic records of women who underwent frozen embryo transfer (FET) with hormone replacement treatment (not only one cycle per patient) between July 2020 to August 2021 at Reproduction Medicine Center of Jinling Hospital of Medical College of Nanjing University. A total of 159 cleavage stage embryo transfer cycles and 540 blastocyst transfer cycles were analyzed in this study. Transvaginal ultrasound scans were performed on the embryo transfer day. The endometrial echo pattern was classified into four types: A, B, B-C and C. Pattern A was defined as trilinear type, Pattern B, B-C and C were defined as not trilinear type. All scans were conducted by experienced clinicians, and the images were reviewed by the same two physicians. The outcomes measured included embryo implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, first trimester abortion rate, and live birth rate.
Results: The embryo implantation rate (p=0.066), clinical pregnancy rate (p=0.140), early abortion rate (p=0.515) and live birth rate (p=0.578) were similar between the 4 type of endometrial pattern groups in cleavage-stage embryo FET cycles. In blastocyst cycles, the implantation rate (p=0.201) and clinical pregnancy rate (p=0.555) did not differ between the four endometrial patterns. Patients with a Pattern A endometrium on blastocyst transfer day experienced a decreased live birth rate (19.05%) compared with Pattern B, Pattern B-C and Pattern C (p=0.006. p=0.008, p=0.031 for Pattern A vs. Pattern B, Pattern A vs. Pattern B-C, Pattern A vs. Pattern C). The first trimester abortion rate of Pattern A is up to 40.00%, although there was no statistical difference (p=0.118). In the cycles of not trilinear type group, the early miscarriage rate (0.248 [95% CI, 0.067–0.914]; p=0.036) was lower and the live birth rate (0.269 [95% CI, 0.089–0.810]; p=0.020) was higher than trilinear type group.
Conclusions: Our retrospective study suggests that a trilinear pattern endometrium on blastocyst transfer was associated with a higher first trimester abortion rate and lower live birth rate.
Effect of Adding Telerehabilitation Home Program to Pharmaceutical Treatment on the symptoms and the quality of life in Children with Functional Constipation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mohammed Amira H. , Soliman Amir , Karim Amel. E. Abdel , Elsamahy Sara. A. , Hasan Judy , Hassan Badr Al-Amir , Abo-Ali Safy. E.
Published: February 2024

Painful defecation, the passage of hard stools, unpleasant or irregular bowel deviation/movements from regular rate, and/or the feeling of not enough elimination of stool are common symptoms of functional constipation. The goals in treating constipation are to produce soft, painless stools and to prevent the re-accumulation of feces. This study looked at how the telerehabilitation home program (TRP) affected the symptoms of FC and the children who were constipated in terms of their quality of life. A randomized controlled trial included 400 children aging 4–18 years with functional constipation distributed in two groups: control group consisted of 200 children receiving pharmaceutical treatment and the intervention group consisted of 200 children receiving telerehabilitation home program in addition to pharmaceutical treatment. Both groups received the interventions for 6 months. The outcomes in terms of functional constipation symptoms and quality of life are measured and compared pre and post interventions. Adding telerehabilitation home program to pharmaceutical treatment of functional constipation in children results in prominent improvement in the condition, there is a significant difference between intervention and control group in all Rome criteria which assess symptoms of functional constipation except rush to the bath- room to poop which showed non- significant difference, there is also a significant difference between intervention and control group in all domains of SF36 questionnaire which assess quality of life except mental health domain which showed non- significant difference.
Conclusion: Adding telerehabilitation home program to pharmaceutical treatment of functional constipation in children results in prominent improvement in symptoms of functional constipation and quality of life.
Trial registration: Our study was registered retrospectively with Clinicaltrials.gov under the identifier NCT06207721 on 5 January 2024.