bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De binding van werkgevers aan collectieve arbeidsovereenkomsten
Authors: Dorssemont F.
Published: September 2014

De dekkingsgraad (vertaling van
coverage) van cao's wordt gedefinieerd als de verhouding van het aantal werknemers
dat gebonden is aan een cao tot het geheel van de werkende bevolking. In deze bijdrage beperk ik me
tot een analyse van de juridische factoren die de binding van werkgevers bevorderen dan wel bemoeilijken.
De volgende nationale rechtsordes worden in het onderzoek op systematische wijze betrokken: België,
Nederland, Italië, Frankrijk en Duitsland. De problematiek van de binding aan (Europese) cao's
wordt eveneens onderzocht binnen de rechtsorde van de Europese Unie.

Het klassieke scenario van cao-binding (door een cao te sluiten dan wel door lidmaatschap van
een ondertekenende werkgeversorganisaties) kan worden bevorderd door een verplichting voor werkgevers
in te bouwen om tot onderhandelingen over te gaan. Omgekeerd kan de toegang tot de onderhandelingstafel
worden belemmerd door aan werkgeversorganisaties representativiteitseisen op te leggen. Voor het klassieke
bindingsscenario bestaan in een aantal nationale rechtsordes enkele ‘alternatieven’.
Deze alternatieven leiden ertoe dat een werkgever die noch aan de onderhandelingen heeft deelgenomen,
noch aangesloten is bij een onderhandelende organisatie alsnog verplicht wordt bepaalde cao-bepalingen
toe te passen. De vraag of een gebondenheid (aan een sectorale of intersectorale cao) die niet op de
wilsuiting van de werkgever berust
per se strijdig is met de (negatieve) vakverenigingsvrijheid, komt aan bod. In de
slotbeschouwingen wordt onderzocht welke 'alternatieven' dienstig kunnen zijn om de dekkingsgraad op
te voeren.
Fnsarium wilt of potato
Authors: Zarzycka Hanna
Published: September 2014

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tuberosi. F. solani f. sp. eumartii and F. evenaceum have been isolated from diseased potato plants. Most of the examined plants were weakly affected. The intensity and character of disease symptoms depended on the conditions of the plant growth.
Successional studied of fungi on mammalian dung
Authors: Singh C. S.
Published: September 2014

Dung samples of nine animals were collected from different places at Gorakhpur (U.P.) and incubated for 50 days. A total of 79 fungal species comprising Phycomycetes (22), Ascomycetes (23), Basidiomycetes (6). Deuteromycetes (21), Mycelia sterilla (4) and Myxomycetes(3) were isolated from the dung these animals. Among difTcrcnt species isolated, some were found in dung of several animals while others were restricted only to the dung of a particular animal dung. During the succession, the fruitbodies of Phycomycetes appeared first, closely followed by Deuteromycetes, Ascomycetes and Basidlomycetes. Mycelia sterilia and Myxomycetes, appeared carly as well as late but persisted for a much longer time.
Mycoflora of sugar beet seeds
Authors: Kowalik M. , Lechowicz J.
Published: September 2014

The mycological analyses of three forms of sugar beet seeds: beet seed balls. polished seeds. coated balls, were carried out for assessing the sanitary conditions of the seed material.
Head and Neck Issues in Older Adults
Authors: Madden Ken
Published: September 2014

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A Validation Process for Underwater Localization Algorithms
Authors: Hildebrandt Marc , Gaudig Christopher , Christensen Leif , Natarajan Sankaranarayanan , Carrio Javier Hidalgo , Paranhos Patrick Merz , Kirchner Frank
Published: September 2014

This paper describes the validation process of a localization algorithm for underwater vehicles. In order to develop new localization algorithms, it is essential to characterize them with regard to their accuracy, long-term stability and robustness to external sources of noise. This is only possible if a gold-standard reference localization (GSRL) is available against which any new localization algorithm (NLA) can be tested. This process requires a vehicle which carries all the required sensor and processing systems for both the GSRL and the NLA. This paper will show the necessity of such a validation process, briefly sketch the test vehicle and its capabilities, describe the challenges in computing the localizations of both the GSRL and the NLA simultaneously for comparison, and conclude with experimental data of real-world trials.
An Effective Approach Control Scheme for the Tethered Space Robot System
Authors: Meng Zhongjie , Huang Panfeng
Published: September 2014

The tethered space robot system (TSR), which is composed of a platform, a gripper and a space tether, has great potential in future space missions. Given the relative motion among the platform, tether, gripper and the target, an integrated approach model is derived. Then, a novel coordinated approach control scheme is presented, in which the tether tension, thrusters and the reaction wheel are all utilized. It contains the open-loop trajectory optimization, the feedback trajectory control and attitude control. The numerical simulation results show that the rendezvous between TSR and the target can be realized by the proposed coordinated control scheme, and the propellant consumption is efficiently reduced. Moreover, the control scheme performs well in the presence of the initial state's perturbations, actuator characteristics and sensor errors.
Cuando es difícil que la teoría y la realidad anden a la una: a propósito de la conferencia de J. Habraken, "Thematic Design: skills needed to serve a living environment"
Authors: Solà-Morales Serra Clara de
Published: September 2014

La publicación de Supports and Albernative to Mass housing en 19621 supuso una declaración de intenciones, y un episodio relevante en la discusión sobre la producción de vivienda a gran escala. Abordada por el movimiento moderno y discutida en los congresos del CIAM., la temática de la producción en masa de la vivienda colectiva encontraba en los primeros años 60 con John Habraken un equilibrio entre la producción industrializada, y un espacio de intervención en dicho proceso para el usuario.

La teoría de Habraken apuesta por la diferenciación entre lo que él llama el Support y en Infill, donde el Support se define como una estructura base que permite la inserción de las unidades habitacionales, los Infills, elementos prefabricados montados en el lugar de concordancia con las necesidades individuales y como finalización de un proceso de decisión del usuario. Sin embargo la teoría de Habraken es también una clara discusión sobre el rol del arquitecto, y su participación en el mundo de la industria y la producción.

La concreción de dicha teoría es sistematizada a través del Design Method a mediados de los 60, por el equipo de Stichting Architecten Research (SAR), institución dirigida por el propio Habraken, cuyo fin era desarrollar su teoría y tender puentes con la industria de la producción de la vivienda. Los Open Building, como se denominan dichos sistemas habitacionales, son el resultado de la aplicación con diferente grado de rigor del método y la incorporación en diversos grados de la producción industrializada.

La experiencia de los Open Building demuestra que la flexibilidad real que otorgan dichos sistemas a lo largo de la vida útil del Support, no es mucha más que las que ofrecen actualmente los sistemas de partición en seco, y otras tecnologías de la construcción. Por lo tanto, si uno considera el hecho de que la producción masiva real de vivienda tiene lugar en este momento en los países en vías de desarrollo, uno debería preguntarse si no es ociosa la discusión tipológica que ofrecen los Open Buildings, y las aplicaciones a la realidad existentes de la teoría de los Support and Infills. O por si lo contrario, no sería más pertinente releer la teoría de Habraken para recuperar la lectura que ofrece entre lo particular y lo colectivo, y acercarla a los sistemas de producción inherentes en las sociedades que demandan la producción de vivienda.

A revision of John Habraken’s Support and Infill theory takes

us to celebrate his conceptual frame to understand housing,

dissociating the individual unit from the overall structure.

However, the text discusses if the current shortage of housing

in emerging countries should force a turn in the debate,

and analyze the incorporation of diverse production systems

(progressive development, for example) rather than concentrate

in a typological discussion.
Restauración y rehabilitación del recinto de carreras del Hipódromo de la Zarzuela
Authors: Junquera Jerónimo
Published: September 2014

En los años 30, mientas Madrid se enfrenta al proceso de redefinición de su crecimiento, el Gabinete Técnico de Accesos y Extrarradio de Madrid convoca el concurso para la construcción del nuevo Hipódromo.

Se elige el proyecto de Arniches, Domínguez y Torroja, una propuesta de reducida escala, bien asentada en la topografía del terreno, funcionalmente casi perfecta y formalmente apoyada en el lenguaje neoregionalista al uso. Entre la propuesta del concurso y la obra inaugurada en 1934 existen grandes diferencias no documentadas.

Cuando en 2003 el estudio Junqueras Arquitectos gana el concurso para la rehabilitación del Hipódromo y su reconversión en un equipamiento para el s. XXI, comienza una labor de investigación sobre el proyecto que no pudo ser, en constante diálogo con unos autores que ya no existen y cuyas decisiones, si hoy pudieran producirse, se han de adivinar.

In the 30s while Madrid faces the process of redefining its

growth, the Gabinete Técnico de Accesos y Extrarradio de

Madrid announces the tender for the construction of the new

Hippodrome.

The project by Arniches, Dominguez and Torroja is selected,

being a small-scale proposal, well established in the topography,

almost perfect functionally and formally, and relied on the

neo-regionalist language currently in use. Between the proposal

and the executed work, opened in 1934, there are major

undocumented differences.

In 2003 Junqueras Architects wins the competition for the rehabilitation

of the Hippodrome and its conversion into a facility

for the XXIst century. It is the beginning of a research work on

the project that could be, in constant dialogue with the authors

that no longer exist and whose decisions, if today might arise,

have to be guessed.
Probability and Perception: The Representativeness Heuristic in Action
Authors: Lu Yun , Vasko Francis J. , Drummond Trevor J. , Vasko Lisa E.
Published: September 2014

Events that seem more representative may be judged more probable, so experiments and proof are needed to help students analyze a mathematical outcome.
Seeing Dots
Authors: Bair Sherry L. , Cady JoAnn
Published: September 2014

A discussion of regular and irregular polygons resulted from this problem that originally appeared in the December 2013/January 2014 issue.
Described by Numbers
Authors: Simpson Amber , Short Amanda
Published: September 2014

Math by the Month is a regular department of the journal that features collections of short activities focused on a monthly theme. These articles aim for an inquiry or problem-solving orientation that includes four activities each for grade bands K–2, 3–4, and 5–6. In this issue, the problems challenge students to explore numbers that describe their physical characteristics and their world.
Preparing Teacher Leaders
Authors: Felton Mathew D. , Page Melissa
Published: September 2014

Findings from an extensive four-year program with a single cohort of elementary and early middle school mathematics instructors highlight several important themes that can inform other efforts in developing teacher leaders.
Variations in Both-Addends-Unknown Problems
Authors: Champagne Zachary M. , Schoen Robert , Riddell Claire M.
Published: September 2014

Early elementary school students are expected to solve twelve distinct types of word problems. A math researcher and two teachers pose a structure for thinking about one problem type that has not been studied as closely as the other eleven.
Quick! Draw!
Authors: Hanlon Adele
Published: September 2014

The Quick Draw game consists of a figure with a variety of embedded geometric shapes that students draw from memory. Rich in geometric vocabulary and spatial skills, this activity is a great way to start the day. Postscript items are designed as rich grab-and-go resources that any teacher can quickly incorporate into his or her classroom repertoire with little effort and maximum impact.
The 7-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale as a Tool for Measuring Generalized Anxiety in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Terrill Alexandra L. , Hartoonian Narineh , Beier Meghan , Salem Rana , Alschuler Kevin
Published: September 2014

Background: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) but understudied. Reliable and valid measures are needed to advance clinical care and expand research in this area. The objectives of this study were to examine the psychometric properties of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) in individuals with MS and to analyze correlates of GAD.

Methods: Participants (N = 513) completed the anxiety module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (GAD-7). To evaluate psychometric properties of the GAD-7, the sample was randomly split to conduct exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.

Results: Based on the exploratory factor analysis, a one-factor structure was specified for the confirmatory factor analysis, which showed excellent global fit to the data (χ212 = 15.17, P = .23, comparative fit index = 0.99, root mean square error of approximation = 0.03, standardized root mean square residual = 0.03). The Cronbach alpha (0.75) indicated acceptable internal consistency for the scale. Furthermore, the GAD-7 was highly correlated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Anxiety (r = 0.70). Age and duration of MS were both negatively associated with GAD. Higher GAD-7 scores were observed in women and individuals with secondary progressive MS. Individuals with higher GAD-7 scores also endorsed more depressive symptoms.

Conclusions: These findings support the reliability and internal validity of the GAD-7 for use in MS. Correlational analyses revealed important relationships with demographics, disease course, and depressive symptoms, which suggest the need for further anxiety research.
Too generous to a fault? Is reliable earthquake safety a lost art? Errors in expected human losses due to incorrect seismic hazard estimates
Authors: Bela James
Published: September 2014

“One is well advised, when traveling to a new territory, to take a good map and then to check the map with the actual territory during the journey.” In just such a reality check, Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP) maps (prepared using PSHA) portrayed a “low seismic hazard,” which was then also assumed to be the “risk to which the populations were exposed.” But time‐after‐time‐after‐time the actual earthquakes that occurred were not only “surprises” (many times larger than those implied on the maps), but they were often near the maximum potential size (Maximum Credible Earthquake or MCE) that geologically could occur. Given these “errors in expected human losses due to incorrect seismic hazard estimates” revealed globally in these past performances of the GSHAP maps (> 700,000 deaths 2001–2011), we need to ask not only: “Is reliable earthquake safety a lost art?” but also: “Who and what were the ‘Raiders of the Lost Art?’ ”
Hourly, daily, and seasonal variability in the absorption spectra of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in a eutrophic, humic lake
Authors: Müller R. A. , Kothawala D. N. , Podgrajsek E. , Sahlée E. , Koehler B. , Tranvik L. J. , Weyhenmeyer G. A.
Published: September 2014

The short‐term (hourly and daily) variation in chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in lakes is largely unknown. We assessed the spectral characteristics of light absorption by CDOM in a eutrophic, humic shallow mixed lake of temperate Sweden at a high‐frequency (30 min) interval and during a full growing season (May to October). Physical time series, such as solar radiation, temperature, wind, and partial pressures of carbon dioxide in water and air, were measured synchronously. We identified a strong radiation‐induced summer CDOM loss (25 to 50%) that developed over 4 months, which was accompanied by strong changes in CDOM absorption spectral shape. The magnitude of the CDOM loss exceeded subhourly to daily variability by an order of magnitude. Applying Fourier analysis, we demonstrate that variation in CDOM remained largely unaffected by rapid shifts in weather, and no apparent response to in‐lake dissolved organic carbon production was found. In autumn, CDOM occasionally showed variation at hourly to daily time scales, reaching a maximum daily coefficient of variation of 15%. We suggest that lake‐internal effects on CDOM are quenched in humic lake waters by dominating effects associated with imported CDOM and solar exposure. Since humic lake waters belong to one of the most abundant lake types on Earth, our results have important implications for the understanding of global CDOM cycling.
Extension of the tuning constant in the Huber's function for robust modeling of piezoelectric systems
Authors: Corbier C. , Carmona J.‐C.
Published: September 2014

This paper proposes a new modeling approach that is experimentally validated on piezoelectric systems in order to provide a black‐box pseudolinear model for complex systems control. Most of the time, one uses physical based approaches. However, sometimes complex phenomena occur in the system due to atypical changes of the process behavior, output noise or some hard nonlinearities. Therefore, we adopt identification methods to achieve the modeling task. The microdisplacements of the piezoelectric systems generate atypical data named outliers, leading to large estimated prediction errors. Since these errors disturb the classical normal probability density function, we choose here, as corrupted distribution model, the gross error model (GEM). In order to deal more efficiently with the outliers, we use the Huber's function, as mixed L2/L1 norms in which the tuning threshold named scaling factor is extended. From this function, a cost function also named PREC as parameterized robust estimation criterion is established. The identification is performed by choosing an Output Error model structure. In order to express the asymptotic covariance matrix of the robust estimator, we present a L finite Taylor's expansion to linearize the gradient and the hessian of the PREC. Experimental results are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crafting Space: Generative Processes of Architectural Configurations
Authors: Kojima Kazuhiro
Published: September 2014

For most architects, the effective design of three‐dimensional space in two‐dimensional media remains an ongoing conundrum. Kazuhiro Kojima, the founding partner of the C+A Tokyo (CAt) office, describes how he set out to tackle this through his creation of the pioneering Space Block system at the Kojima Laboratory in the Tokyo University of Science in 1994, a design tool that could capture and extract space. He describes its application and refinement in the development of two ensuing systems: Existing Space Blocks (ESBs) and Basic Space Blocks (BSBs).
Block/Tower: A Vertical Landscape in Midtown Manhattan
Authors: Allen Stan , Segal Rafi
Published: September 2014

Stan Allen and Rafi Segal are both independent New York‐based practitioners and educators: Allen is Professor of Architecture at Princeton University, and Segal is Associate Professor of Architecture and Urbanism at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Here they collaborate on a high‐density and flexible design strategy for Midtown Manhattan that is driven by ecological, social and spatial concerns rather than the usual commercial drivers of speculative development.
The Future is Curved
Authors: Eliasson Olafur
Published: September 2014

The internationally renowned Danish‐Icelandic artist Olafur Eliasson is well known for his large‐scale installations that foreground the importance of embodied space by using elemental materials such as light, water and air temperature to create immersive experiences for viewers. This was most conspicuously showcased at Tate Modern in London by The Weather Project (2003), which placed a glowing sun in the Turbine Hall to dramatic effect. Here, two of Eliasson's projects are featured ‐ Your rainbow panorama and Movement microscope ‐ that continue the artist's investigations into ‘unlearning space’ by exploring how space is perceived and created through the presence and movement of the human body.
New Curricula: Syntonic Systems
Authors: Derix Christian , Izaki Åsmund
Published: September 2014

The ‘syntonic’ in psychology refers to an emotional responsiveness to the environment. Here Guest‐Editors Christian Derix and Åsmund Izaki explain how they developed syntonic systems that place an emphasis on the representation of the occupant‐user during a guest‐professorship at the Technical University of Munich (2012‐13). This was explored as a means of enabling students to bridge the gap between the mutually exclusive specialisation of the architect as computer programmer and architect‐designer.
Flexible Cellulose Paper‐based Asymmetrical Thin Film Supercapacitors with High‐Performance for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Feng Jin‐Xian , Ye Sheng‐Hua , Wang An‐Liang , Lu Xue‐Feng , Tong Ye‐Xiang , Li Gao‐Ren
Published: September 2014

Cellulose paper (CP)‐based asymmetrical thin film supercapacitors (ATFSCs) have been considered to be a novel platform for inexpensive and portable devices as the CP is low‐cost, lightweight, and can be rolled or folded into 3D configurations. However, the low energy density and poor cycle stability are serious bottlenecks for the development of CP‐based ATFSCs. Here, sandwich‐structured graphite/Ni/Co2NiO4‐CP is developed as positive electrode and the graphite/Ni/AC‐CP as negative electrode for flexible and high‐performance ATFSCs. The fabricated graphite/Ni/Co2NiO4‐CP positive electrode shows a superior areal capacitance (734 mF/cm2 at 5 mV/s) and excellent cycling performance with ≈97.6% Csp retention after 15 000 cycles. The fabricated graphite/Ni/AC‐CP negative electrode also exhibits large areal capacitance (180 mF/cm2 at 5 mV/s) and excellent cycling performance with ≈98% Csp retention after 15 000 cycles. The assembled ATFSCs based on the sandwich‐structured graphite/Ni/Co2NiO4‐CP as positive electrode and graphite/Ni/AC‐CP as negative electrode exhibit large volumetric Csp (7.6 F/cm3 at 5 mV/s), high volumetric energy density (2.48 mWh/cm3, 80 Wh/kg), high volumetric power density (0.79 W/cm3, 25.6 kW/kg) and excellent cycle stability (less 4% Csp loss after 20 000 cycles). This study shows an important breakthrough in the design and fabrication of high‐performance and flexible CP‐based electrodes and ATFSCs.
In Situ Fabrication of Three‐Dimensional Graphene Films on Gold Substrates with Controllable Pore Structures for High‐Performance Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Shi Lei , Chu Zhenyu , Liu Yu , Jin Wanqin , Xu Nanping
Published: September 2014

In this work, novel three‐dimensional graphene films (3D GFs) with controllable pore structures are directly fabricated on gold substrates through the hydrothermal reduction. An interfacial technique of the self‐assembled monolayer is successfully introduced to address the binding issue between the graphene film and substrate. Adscititious silica spheres, serving as new connection centers, effectively regulate the dimensions of framework in graphene films, and secondary pore structures are produced once removing the spheres. Based on hierarchically porous 3D GFs with large surface area, excellent binding strength, high conductivity, and distinct interfacial micro‐environments, selected examples of electrochemical aptasensors are constructed for the assay of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and thrombin (Tob) respectively. Sensitive ATP and Tob aptasensors, with high selectivity, excellent stability, and promising potential in real serum sample analysis, are established on 3D GFs with different structures. The results demonstrate that the surface area, as well as interfacial micro‐environments, plays a critical role in the molecular recognition. The developed reliable and scalable protocol is envisaged to become a general path for in situ fabrication of more graphene films and the as‐synthesized 3D GFs would open up a wide horizon for potential applications in electronic and energy‐related systems.
Poor efficacy and tolerability of R‐CHOP in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Richter transformation
Authors: Langerbeins Petra , Busch Raymonde , Anheier Nadine , Dürig Jan , Bergmann Manuela , Goebeler Maria‐Elisabeth , Hurtz Hans‐Jürgen , Stauch Martina B. , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Döhner Hartmut , Fink Anna‐Maria , Cramer Paula , Fischer Kirsten , Wendtner Clemens‐Martin , Hallek Michael , Eichhorst Barbara
Published: September 2014

This phase II trial evaluated efficacy and tolerability of R‐CHOP for up to 8 courses in Richter transformation (RT) and up to 6 courses in CLL plus autoimmune cytopenia (AIC) or high‐risk (HR) features. HR was defined as fludarabine‐refractoriness or early relapse (<36 months) after fludarabine‐based treatment; 26 patients were included as HR, 19 patients had AIC, and 15 patients had RT. In the HR cohort, overall response rate was 54%, progression‐free and overall survival were 9 and 21 months. In AIC patients overall response rate was 74%, progression‐free and overall‐survival were 10 and 41 months, respectively, and median increase in hemoglobin was 3.4 g/L. RT patients responded in 67%, progression‐free was 10 and overall survival 21 months. The most common adverse events were hematologic toxicities in 92%. Severe infections occurred in 28%. Treatment was discontinued early in 45% of all patients mainly as a result of toxicity. This trial shows that R‐CHOP has no role in treating complicated CLL. R‐CHOP is associated with significant toxicities and fairly low efficacy compared with almost every other CLL‐regimen. In RT, it might still be used as an induction therapy before allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Am. J. Hematol. 89:E239–E243, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes and management strategies for graft failure after umbilical cord blood transplantation
Authors: Singh Harshabad , Nikiforow Sarah , Li Shuli , Ballen Karen K. , Spitzer Thomas R. , Soiffer Robert , Antin Joseph H. , Cutler Corey , Chen Yi‐Bin
Published: September 2014

Graft failure is a life‐threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Graft failure is more prevalent after umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) compared with conventional adult stem cell sources. We identified 21 consecutive patients who experienced graft failure after UCBT at our center between 2004 and 2013 and describe their treatment strategies and outcomes. Two patients experienced early death. Seven patients had return of autologous hematopoiesis including 1 patient who was given previously collected autologous stem cells. Twelve patients received a second early HSCT, six from separate UCB units and six from a haploidentical donor. With a median follow‐up of 33.2 months for surviving patients, 3‐year PFS is 23% and 3‐year OS is 37%. Of the six long‐term survivors without relapse, four received a second HSCT from a haploidentical donor with post‐HSCT high‐dose cyclophosphamide based GVHD prophylaxis. This strategy appears safe and merits further investigation in this setting. Am. J. Hematol. 89:1097–1101, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immediate postoperative imaging after uncomplicated endoscopic approach to the anterior skull base: is it necessary?
Authors: Nadimi Sahar , Caballero Nadieska , Carpenter Patrick , Sowa Lauren , Cunningham Ryan , Welch Kevin C.
Published: September 2014

Background

Postoperative imaging is frequently performed to assess for intracranial complications following anterior skull base (ASB) surgery. However, there is little data to suggest that radiologic studies change the management of complications. In this study, the utility of postoperative imaging within 72 hours after uncomplicated ASB surgery was examined.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of 143 patients who underwent endoscopic ASB surgery between 2007 and 2013 at Loyola University Medical Center. The main outcomes measures included the ability of head computed tomography (CT) scan to identify postoperative complications and hallmark symptoms associated with complications.

Results

Seventy‐nine patients underwent postoperative imaging within 72 hours of the initial surgery. The most common finding was pneumocephalus (35/79; 44%). Expanding pneumocephalus requiring surgical intervention developed in 3 cases. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak was the most common complication, occurring in 22 of 143 (15%) of the patients. Of the 24 patients who developed a postoperative complication, all had clinical signs or symptoms indicative of the need for surgical or medical intervention. The positive predictive value for a head CT scan to detect a complication was 12%, negative predictive value was 92%, and sensitivity and specificity were 63% and 48%, respectively.

Conclusion

Routine postoperative imaging may be unnecessary after uncomplicated endoscopic ASB surgery because (1) it may not alter patient management; (2) it may not detect the most common complication (CSF leak); and (3) when imaging is positive, the patient has clinical symptoms suggesting a need for intervention.
A Trifluorinated Thiazoline Scaffold Leading to Pro‐apoptotic Agents Targeting Prohibitins
Authors: Pérez‐Perarnau Alba , Preciado Sara , Palmeri Claudia Mariela , Moncunill‐Massaguer Cristina , Iglesias‐Serret Daniel , González‐Gironès Diana M. , Miguel Miriam , Karasawa Satoki , Sakamoto Satoshi , Cosialls Ana M. , Rubio‐Patiño Camila , Saura‐Esteller José , Ramón Rosario , Caja Laia , Fabregat Isabel , Pons Gabriel , Handa Hiroshi , Albericio Fernando , Gil Joan , Lavilla Rodolfo
Published: September 2014

A new class of small molecules, with an unprecedented trifluorothiazoline scaffold, were synthesized and their pro‐apoptotic activity was evaluated. With an EC50 in the low micromolar range, these compounds proved to be potent inducers of apoptosis in a broad spectrum of tumor cell lines, regardless of the functional status of p53. Fast structure–activity relationship studies allowed the preparation of the strongest apoptosis‐inducing candidate. Using a high performance affinity purification approach, we identified prohibitins 1 and 2, key proteins involved in the maintenance of cell viability, as the targets for these compounds.
Anion Complexation and The Hofmeister Effect
Authors: Carnegie Ryan S. , Gibb Corinne L. D. , Gibb Bruce C.
Published: September 2014

The 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis of the binding of the ClO4− anion to the hydrophobic, concave binding site of a deep‐cavity cavitand is presented. The strength of association between the host and the ClO4− anion is controlled by both the nature and concentration of co‐salts in a manner that follows the Hofmeister series. A model that partitions this trend into the competitive binding of the co‐salt anion to the hydrophobic pocket of the host and counterion binding to its external carboxylate groups successfully accounts for the observed changes in ClO4− affinity.
Hochaufgelöste spektroskopische Untersuchungen des chiralen Metallkomplexes [CpRe(CH3)(CO)(NO)] – ein möglicher Kandidat für die Untersuchung der Paritätsverletzung
Authors: Medcraft Chris , Wolf Robert , Schnell Melanie
Published: September 2014

Chirale Moleküle mit Schwermetallatomen wurden als vielversprechende Kandidaten für die Untersuchung von Paritätsverletzungseffekten vorgeschlagen. Hier stellen wir eine spektroskopische Untersuchung des chiralen Komplexes [CpRe(CH3)(CO)(NO)] mittels Breitband‐Rotationsspektroskopie in der Gasphase vor. Die hochaufgelösten Molekülspektren sind aufgrund der beiden Rhenium‐Isotopologe (185Re und 187Re), der Hyperfeinstruktur durch die Rhenium‐ und Stickstoffkerne sowie durch die Asymmetrie der chiralen Spezies sehr komplex. Da sich das Rheniumatom sehr nah am Molekülmassenschwerpunkt befindet, sind die Rotationskonstanten der beiden Rhenium‐Isotopologe einander sehr ähnlich, ihre eindeutige Unterscheidung ist allerdings über die charakteristische Kernquadrupolhyperfeinaufspaltung möglich. Der Vergleich mit berechneten Kernquadrupolkopplungskonstanten zeigt, dass relativistische Basissätze, die die Gesamtzahl der Elektronen berücksichtigen, notwendig sind, um das Rheniumatom in dieser Art von Komplexen korrekt zu beschreiben.
An Above‐Room‐Temperature Ferroelectric Organo–Metal Halide Perovskite: (3‐Pyrrolinium)(CdCl3)
Authors: Ye Heng‐Yun , Zhang Yi , Fu Da‐Wei , Xiong Ren‐Gen
Published: September 2014

Hybrid organo–metal halide perovskite materials, such as CH3NH3PbI3, have been shown to be some of the most competitive candidates for absorber materials in photovoltaic (PV) applications. However, their potential has not been completely developed, because a photovoltaic effect with an anomalously large voltage can be achieved only in a ferroelectric phase, while these materials are probably ferroelectric only at temperatures below 180 K. A new hexagonal stacking perovskite‐type complex (3‐pyrrolinium)(CdCl3) exhibits above‐room‐temperature ferroelectricity with a Curie temperature Tc=316 K and a spontaneous polarization Ps=5.1 μC cm−2. The material also exhibits antiparallel 180° domains which are related to the anomalous photovoltaic effect. The open‐circuit photovoltage for a 1 mm‐thick bulky crystal reaches 32 V. This finding could provide a new approach to develop solar cells based on organo–metal halide perovskites in photovoltaic research.
Lignin‐polyethylene glycol matrices and ethylcellulose to encapsulate highly soluble herbicides
Authors: Fernández‐Pérez Manuel , Villafranca‐Sánchez Matilde , Flores‐Céspedes Francisco , Daza‐Fernández Isabel
Published: September 2014

The blending of lignin with polyethylene glycol (PEG) allowed us to obtain formulations with controlled release properties in which metribuzin have been successfully trapped with encapsulation efficiency higher than 85%. Moreover, the modification of the lignin's viscoelastic properties by the addition of PEG led to obtain herbicide formulations with active ingredient contents lower than 15%, suitable for its application in soil. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry studies indicated the compatibility between polymers and metribuzin in lignin‐based controlled release formulations (CRFs). Lignin‐based formulations were coated in a Wurster‐type fluidized‐bed equipment using ethylcellulose and dibutylsebacate. Scanning electron microscope pictures showed a homogeneous film in ethylcellulose‐coated CRFs. The kinetic release studies showed that the release rate of metribuzin was mainly controlled either by selecting the granule size of controlled release lignin‐PEG matrixes, or by changing the thickness of coating film for ethylcellulose coated CRFs. These results could help to increase the efficiency of delivery of the highly soluble herbicide metribuzin and prevent the environmental pollution derived from its use. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41422.
In vitro and in vivo evaluations of three‐dimensional hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin nanocomposite scaffolds
Authors: Gholipourmalekabadi Mazaher , Mozafari Masoud , Gholipourmalekabadi Mahdieh , Nazm Bojnordi Maryam , Hashemi‐soteh Mohamad B. , Salimi Maryam , Rezaei Nourollah , Sameni Marzieh , Samadikuchaksaraei Ali , Ghasemi Hamidabadi Hatef
Published: September 2014

In this study, three‐dimensional hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin (HAp/SF) nanocomposite scaffolds were successfully prepared through layer solvent casting combined with the freeze‐drying technique for tissue engineering applications. Various SF aqueous concentrations, ranging from 2.5% to 10%, were used to control the physicochemical properties of the prepared scaffolds. Biologic responses of the rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs) to the HAp/SF scaffolds were examined by culturing the cells within them. In addition, biodegradation and biocompatibility of the scaffolds were evaluated in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Among the prepared scaffolds, HAp/SF‐2.5% was the most brittle sample and showed porous structure with lowest mechanical properties. The average pore diameters were 350 ± 67 and 112 ± 89 µm and decreased with the increase in the SF concentration from 5% to 10%, respectively. The pores formed in the scaffolds, made up of the 5% SF, were more uniform and regular than those of the scaffolds made up of 5% and 10% SF. The HAp/SF scaffolds did not change the rBMSCs viability and were not cytotoxic compared with the control sample. The scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed that the cells migrated into the pores and well attached to the scaffolds and their cytoplasm was extended in all directions, indicating a promising cell adhesion, high biocompatibility, and no cytotoxicity of the HAp/SF‐5% nanocomposite scaffolds. Subcutaneous implantation of the HAp/SF‐5% scaffolds in rat models suggested an excellent biocompatibility. All data obtained from this study suggest the potential use of the HAp/SF‐5% for hard tissue engineering.
Reversible covalent immobilization of Trametes villosa laccase onto thiolsulfinate‐agarose: An insoluble biocatalyst with potential for decoloring recalcitrant dyes
Authors: Gioia Larissa , Rodríguez‐Couto Susana , Menéndez María del Pilar , Manta Carmen , Ovsejevi Karen
Published: September 2014

The development of a solid‐phase biocatalyst based on the reversible covalent immobilization of laccase onto thiol‐reactive supports (thiolsulfinate‐agarose [TSI‐agarose]) was performed. To achieve this goal, laccase‐producing strains isolated from Eucalyptus globulus were screened and white rot fungus Trametes villosa was selected as the best strain for enzyme production. Reduction of disulfide bonds and introduction of “de novo” thiol groups in partially purified laccase were assessed to perform its reversible covalent immobilization onto thiol‐reactive supports (TSI‐agarose). Only the thiolation process dramatically improved the immobilization yield, from 0% for the native and reduced enzyme to 60% for the thiolated enzyme. Mild conditions for the immobilization process (pH 7.5 and 4°C) allowed the achievement of nearly 100% of coupling efficiency when low loads were applied. The kinetic parameters, pH, and thermal stabilities for the immobilized biocatalyst were similar to those for the native enzyme. After the first use and three consecutives reuses, the insoluble derivative kept more than 80% of its initial capacity for decolorizing Remazol Brilliant Blue R, showing its suitability for color removal from textile industrial effluents. The possibility of reusing the support was demonstrated by the reversibility of enzyme‐support binding.
Asymmetric Contribution of Aromatic Interactions Stems from Spatial Positioning of the Interacting Aryl Pairs in β‐Hairpins
Authors: Makwana Kamlesh Madhusudan , Mahalakshmi Radhakrishnan
Published: September 2014

Isolated aromatic interactions in designed octapeptide β‐hairpin scaffolds display a near‐universal T‐shaped face‐to‐edge geometry in all positional permutations, with the exception of aryl‐Trp interactions. The heterogeneous asymmetric indole ring of Trp competes for a “shielding” face geometry, which lowers the scaffold stability in FtE aryl‐Trp pairs. Assessment of the contributions of aryl pairs (in the absence of solvent‐driven interactions) to the overall β‐hairpin structure reveals the superiority of Trp‐Phe and Trp‐Tyr contributions over the well‐established scaffold stabilization by Trp‐Trp.
Masked Rhodamine Dyes of Five Principal Colors Revealed by Photolysis of a 2‐Diazo‐1‐Indanone Caging Group: Synthesis, Photophysics, and Light Microscopy Applications
Authors: Belov Vladimir N. , Mitronova Gyuzel Yu. , Bossi Mariano L. , Boyarskiy Vadim P. , Hebisch Elke , Geisler Claudia , Kolmakov Kirill , Wurm Christian A. , Willig Katrin I. , Hell Stefan W.
Published: September 2014

Caged rhodamine dyes (Rhodamines NN) of five basic colors were synthesized and used as “hidden” markers in subdiffractional and conventional light microscopy. These masked fluorophores with a 2‐diazo‐1‐indanone group can be irreversibly photoactivated, either by irradiation with UV‐ or violet light (one‐photon process), or by exposure to intense red light (λ∼750 nm; two‐photon mode). All dyes possess a very small 2‐diazoketone caging group incorporated into the 2‐diazo‐1‐indanone residue with a quaternary carbon atom (C‐3) and a spiro‐9H‐xanthene fragment. Initially they are non‐colored (pale yellow), non‐fluorescent, and absorb at λ=330–350 nm (molar extinction coefficient (ε)≈104 M−1 cm−1) with a band edge that extends to about λ=440 nm. The absorption and emission bands of the uncaged derivatives are tunable over a wide range (λ=511–633 and 525–653 nm, respectively). The unmasked dyes are highly colored and fluorescent (ε= 3–8×104 M−1 cm−1 and fluorescence quantum yields (ϕ)=40–85 % in the unbound state and in methanol). By stepwise and orthogonal protection of carboxylic and sulfonic acid groups a highly water‐soluble caged red‐emitting dye with two sulfonic acid residues was prepared. Rhodamines NN were decorated with amino‐reactive N‐hydroxysuccinimidyl ester groups, applied in aqueous buffers, easily conjugated with proteins, and readily photoactivated (uncaged) with λ=375–420 nm light or intense red light (λ=775 nm). Protein conjugates with optimal degrees of labeling (3–6) were prepared and uncaged with λ=405 nm light in aqueous buffer solutions (ϕ=20–38 %). The photochemical cleavage of the masking group generates only molecular nitrogen. Some 10–40 % of the non‐fluorescent (dark) byproducts are also formed. However, they have low absorbance and do not quench the fluorescence of the uncaged dyes. Photoactivation of the individual molecules of Rhodamines NN (e.g., due to reversible or irreversible transition to a “dark” non‐emitting state or photobleaching) provides multicolor images with subdiffractional optical resolution. The applicability of these novel caged fluorophores in super‐resolution optical microscopy is exemplified.
Essential Factors for Control of the Equilibrium in the Reversible Rearrangement of M3N@Ih‐C80 Fulleropyrrolidines: Exohedral Functional Groups versus Endohedral Metal Clusters
Authors: Aroua Safwan , Garcia‐Borràs Marc , Osuna Sílvia , Yamakoshi Yoko
Published: September 2014

The effects of exohedral moieties and endohedral metal clusters on the isomerization of M3N@Ih‐C80 products from the Prato reaction through [1,5]‐sigmatropic rearrangement were systematically investigated by using three types of fulleropyrrolidine derivatives and four different endohedral metal clusters. As a result, all types of derivatives provided the same ratios of the isomers for a given trimetallic nitride template (TNT) as the thermodynamic products, thus indicating that the size of the endohedral metal clusters inside C80 was the single essential factor in determining the equilibrium between the [6,6]‐isomer (kinetic product) and the [5,6]‐isomer. In all the derivatives, the [6,6]‐ and [5,6]‐Prato adducts with larger metal clusters, such as Y3N and Gd3N, were equally stable, which is in good agreement with DFT calculations. The reaction rate of the rearrangement was dependent on both the substituent of exohedral functional groups and the endohedral metal‐cluster size. Further DFT calculations and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies were employed to rationalize the equilibrium in the rearrangement between the [6,6]‐ and [5,6]‐fulleropyrrolidines.
Enhancement of Spin Relaxation in an FeDy2Fe Coordination Cluster by Magnetic Fields
Authors: Peng Guo , Mereacre Valeriu , Kostakis George E. , Wolny Juliusz A. , Schünemann Volker , Powell Annie K.
Published: September 2014

Two [FeLn2Fe(μ3‐OH)2(teg)2(N3)2(C6H5COO)4] compounds (where Ln=YIII and DyIII; teg=triethylene glycol anion) have been synthesized and studied using SQUID and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The magnetic measurements on both compounds indicate dominant antiferromagnetic interactions between the metal centers. Analysis of the 57Fe Mössbauer spectra complement the ac magnetic susceptibility measurements, which show how a static magnetic field can quench the slow relaxation of magnetization generated by the anisotropic DyIII ions.
Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidations of 3‐N‐Hydoxyaminoprop‐1‐ynes to Form 3‐Substituted 3‐Amino‐2‐en‐1‐ones: Oxidative Mannich Reactions with a Skeletal Rearrangement
Authors: Kawade Rahul Kisan , Tseng Chang‐Chin , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: September 2014

Cu‐catalyzed aerobic oxidations of readily available 3‐N‐hydroxyaminopro‐1‐ynes with water, alcohols, or thiols to form diverse 3‐substituted 3‐amino‐2‐en‐1‐ones are described. The utility of this catalysis is manifested by a wide scope of applicable N‐hydroxyl propargylamines and nucleophiles, thus enabling the design of one‐pot cascade or two‐step sequential reactions. Besides synthetic significances, such oxidative Mannich reactions are mechanistically interesting because structurally reorganized products were obtained. Our mechanistic studies reveal that the aerobic oxidations involve initial formation of nitrone intermediates, followed by the attack of nucleophiles. Herein, water and MeOH implement the conversion of nitrone intermediates to reaction products in two distinct pathways.
The Relationship Between Gamma‐Glutamyl Transferase Levels and Coronary Plaque Burdens and Plaque Structures in Young Adults With Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Celik Omer , Cakmak Huseyin Altug , Satilmis Seckin , Gungor Baris , Akin Fatih , Ozturk Derya , Yalcin Ahmet Arif , Ayca Burak , Erturk Mehmet , Atasoy Mehmet Mahir , Uslu Nevzat
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Background

Elevated gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels have been demonstrated to be associated with poor prognoses in patients with coronary artery disease. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a noninvasive imaging modality that may differentiate the structure of coronary plaques. Elevated plaque burdens and noncalcified plaques, detected byCCTA, are important predictors of atherosclerosis in young adults.

Hypothesis

The present study investigated the possible relationship betweenGGTlevels and coronary plaque burdens/structures in young adults with coronary atherosclerosis.

Methods

CCTAimages of 259 subjects were retrospectively examined, andGGTlevels were compared between patients with coronary plaques and individuals with normal coronary arteries. Coronary plaques, detected byCCTA, were categorized as noncalcified, calcified, and mixed, according to their structures. The significant independent predictors of coronary atherosclerosis were also analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

GGTlevels were significantly higher in patients with coronary plaque formation than in controls (35.7 ± 14.7 vs 19.6 ± 10.0 U/L;P< 0.001).GGTlevels were also positively correlated with the number of plaques; presence of noncalcified plaques; and levels of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), hemoglobin A1c, uric acid, and triglycerides. Moreover, smoking and levels ofGGT, hs‐CRP, uric acid, and low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were independent predictors of coronary atherosclerosis.

Conclusions

GGTis an inexpensive and readily available marker that provides additional risk stratification beyond that provided by conventional risk factors for predicting coronary plaque burdens and plaque structures in young adults.