bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of entinostat, quisinostat, and tubastatin-A on alcohol consumption in male high ethanol consuming rats
Authors: Hauser Sheketha R. , Ferguson Laura B. , Liang Tiebing , Jarvis Erin E. , Mayfield R. Dayne , Bell Richard L.
Published: February 2025

Background

The interaction between genetics, epigenetics, and the environment plays a key role in the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Pharmacological treatments targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) suggest that HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) may be potential pharmacotherapeutic treatments for AUD. The objective of the current study was to test the effects of different HDACi on ethanol intake in two rat lines selectively bred for high ethanol-consumption.

Method

Adult naïve male high alcohol drinking line 1 (HAD1) or alcohol-preferring (P) rats were given continuous 24-h, 3-bottle, free-choice access to 15%, 30% ethanol concurrently with water for 8 weeks prior to testing entinostat (selective HDAC1i and HADC3i, 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 mg/kg, i. p.), quisinostat (pan HADCi, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg, i. p.), or tubastatin-A (selective HDAC6i, 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 mg/kg, i. p.) over 4-5 consecutive days.

Results

In HAD1 rats, entinostat reduced 2-, 4-, and 24-h ethanol intake across the 2nd – 5th test days; while, in P rats, entinostat’s effect was primarily seen at the 24-h time-point, at the highest dose and only across three test days. The high dose of quisinostat effectively reduced 24-h ethanol intake across the 1st—4th test days in HAD1 rats but was ineffective in P rats. Tubastatin-A did not alter ethanol intake in either rat line.

Conclusion

Overall, the results confirmed that a pan and a more selective (HDAC1 and HDAC3) HDACi effectively reduced ethanol intake in HAD1, while only the more selective HDACi reduced ethanol intake in P rats. Inhibition of HDAC6 does not appear to regulate ethanol intake in HAD1 or P rats.
Fermentation of sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima): exploring the potential of the kelp’s native microbiota as starter culture and the microbiological food safety of fermented products
Authors: Stévant Pierrick , Zioga Evangelia , Steenholdt Sørensen Jonas , Heiner Bang-Berthelsen Claus , Dahl Thomas Hagby , Barnung Trygg , Kleppe Malin , Løvdal Trond
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the use of native microbiota from the sugar kelp Saccharina latissima in the form of fermented kelp fluid (FKF) from a spontaneous anaerobic fermentation process as a starter culture (SC) for the fermentation of freshly harvested biomass of the same species. Rapid (<48 h) acidification (pH < 4.3) was achieved for S. latissima inoculated with FKF, at a fermentation temperature of 21°C. Kelp inoculated with a commercial strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Lp, positive control) reached a similar pH level after 5 days, while kelp with no SC (negative control) did not reach a pH level below 4.3 within 9 days. The microbiota of the FKF-SC as well as the FKF-inoculated S. latissima samples was dominated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) identified as L. plantarum. The SC in these samples successfully converted mannitol into lactic acid as the main fermentation product. In contrast, a higher production of acetic acid and ethanol was measured in the negative control samples than in other groups; this reflects a different microbial profile, including marine bacteria which could not be identified by MALDI-TOF biotyping. Challenge trials of S. latissima samples from experimental and commercial fermentation processes with Bacillus cereus did not result in the growth of this food pathogen, even at pH levels within a viable range for this species (pH > 4.3). These preliminary results provide a foundation for further isolation of suitable SCs for kelp fermentation in commercial production and for assessing the food safety of fermented kelp. Efficient and safe fermentation processes will increase sustainability in kelp production and enable a broader use of kelp ingredients in food applications.
Trends in infections detected in women with cervicitis over a decade
Authors: Vodstrcil Lenka A. , Plummer Erica L. , Nguyen Thuy Vy , Fairley Christopher K. , Chow Eric P. F. , Phillips Tiffany R. , Bradshaw Catriona S.
Published: February 2025

Objectives

There is a growing body of evidence that in the absence of Chlamydia trachomatis and/or Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium and bacterial vaginosis (BV) are associated with cervicitis. We aimed to describe infections detected among cervicitis cases over a decade and establish how commonly M. genitalium and BV were detected among non-chlamydial/non-gonococcal cases to inform testing and treatment practices.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective case-series to determine the number of cervicitis cases diagnosed with genital infections (C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, M. genitalium and BV) among women attending the largest public sexual health service in Australia from 2011 to 2021. We determined the proportion of cervicitis cases with one or more genital infections detected, and trends in testing and detection of each infection over time.

Results

Over a decade 813 cervicitis cases were diagnosed; 421 (52%, 95%CI: 48%–55%) had no infection detected; 226/729 (31%, 95%CI: 28%–35%) had BV, 163/809 (20%, 95%CI: 17%–23%) C. trachomatis, 48/747 (6%, 95%CI: 5%–8%) M. genitalium, and 13/793 (2%, 95%CI: 1%–3%) N. gonorrhoeae. Of the 665 (82%) cases tested for all four infections, 268 (40%) had one infection and 73 (11%) had >1 infection detected. Of the 517/665 (78%) non-chlamydial/non-gonococcal cases, 164 (32%) had BV and 16 (3%) had M. genitalium as the sole infections detected; a further 13 cases (3%) were co-infected with BV and M. genitalium. The proportion of cases tested for BV (90%) did not change overtime, but detection increased from 32% to 45% (Ptrend < 0.001). The proportion of cases tested for M. genitalium increased from 84% in 2011 to 96% in 2019 (Ptrend = 0.006), with M. genitalium-detection in cervicitis increasing from 3% to 7% (Ptrend = 0.046).

Conclusions

In our study population, chlamydia or gonorrhoea were not detected in ∼75% of cervicitis cases; 1 in 3 of these cases had BV and/or M. genitalium, and both increased in prevalence over time. These data highlight the need for clinicians to consider BV and M. genitalium when assessing and managing cervicitis.
Barriers faced by people with disabilities in mainstream sports: a systematic review
Authors: Elipe-Lorenzo Pablo , Diez-Fernández Pelayo , Ruibal-Lista Brais , López-García Sergio
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Despite advances in inclusive policies and social awareness, the participation of people with disabilities (PwD) in mainstream sports remains limited due to numerous barriers. This systematic review seeks to identify and critically analyse the main obstacles hindering equitable participation of PwD in conventional sports, while proposing evidence-based strategies to overcome these challenges.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted on Web of Science and SCOPUS databases, covering studies published between 2000 and 2024. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 studies were selected for analysis.

Results

The findings highlight major barriers, including insufficient training for coaches and sports club managers, negative and discriminatory attitudes, an entrenched ableist mindset, limited access to information, and a lack of accessible facilities. These factors collectively impede the active participation of PwD in sports.

Discussion

To overcome these challenges, a coordinated approach is essential, encompassing attitude transformation, targeted training for sports personnel, the implementation of inclusive policies, economic incentives, and enhanced communication strategies. Additional recommendations include integrating universal design principles into sports facilities, establishing support networks and fostering a cultural shift in societal perceptions of disability.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO (CRD42024544589).
Price response to consumer attention during major animal epidemics in developing markets: perspectives from the influence of information and emotion contagion
Authors: Li Xia , Ji Jing
Published: February 2025

Major animal epidemics can significantly disrupt the pork market. Understanding how consumer network attention, triggered by these epidemics, impacts pork price fluctuations is of great significance for maintaining market stability and ensuring food security. This study focuses on exploring this complex relationship, with a particular emphasis on the roles of information dissemination and emotion transmission. Taking African Swine Fever (ASF) as a case study, monthly provincial panel data from June 2021 to November 2022 were collected. Web scraping techniques and social network analysis were employed. Weibo user repost and emotion transmission networks were constructed, integrating social network structures into the analytical framework to comprehensively analyze the problem. The study reveals several important findings. Firstly, consumer network attention significantly intensifies pork price volatility during major epidemics, and there is notable heterogeneity across different information environments. Secondly, both information dissemination and emotion transmission play moderating roles. Specifically, the media information index negatively moderates the relationship between consumer attention and pork price fluctuations. The betweenness centrality of the Weibo repost network also has a negative moderating effect, indicating that “opinion leaders” on social media can mitigate the impact of consumer attention on price fluctuations through selective information dissemination. In contrast, the closeness centrality of the emotion transmission network has a positive moderating effect, highlighting the amplifying effect of rapid emotion propagation on market reactions. This research highlights the economic implications of the relationship between consumer network attention, information dissemination, emotion transmission, and pork price fluctuations during food safety incidents. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these dynamics for maintaining food market stability.
Enhancing phosphorus availability and dynamics in acidic soils through Rice straw biochar application: a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers
Authors: He Wei , Zhang Jun , Gao Weichun , Chen Yifei , Wei Zheng
Published: February 2025

Phosphorus is a vital nutrient for crop growth, but its bioavailability is often limited in acidic soils, which are prevalent in many agricultural regions, including South China. These soils are characterized by low phosphorus availability and high levels of phosphorus fixation, which exacerbate the need for sustainable agricultural practices. Over-reliance on phosphate fertilizers has led to environmental concerns, such as phosphorus accumulation and eutrophication. This study investigates the potential of straw biochar to improve phosphorus dynamics in two typical South Chinese soils: high-phosphorus paddy soil and low-phosphorus lateritic red soil. Using a range of biochar application rates, we examined the effects on phosphorus fractions, phosphatase activity, and microbial biomass phosphorus. The results indicate that biochar significantly increased phosphorus availability, enhanced soil enzyme activity, and boosted microbial phosphorus content, especially in the phosphorus-deficient red soil. These findings underscore the potential of biochar as a sustainable solution for enhancing phosphorus management, improving soil fertility, and reducing environmental risks in South China and similar regions. This research contributes valuable insights into biochar’s practical applications in sustainable agriculture, offering a promising approach to improve phosphorus use efficiency and soil health.
Description and biomechanical evaluation of the modified laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous gastropexy technique in dogs
Authors: Kim Dong Woo , Kwak Ho Hyun , Kim Junhyung , Woo Heung Myong
Published: February 2025

Background

Total laparoscopic gastropexy (TLG) has become increasingly popular due to its minimally invasive nature, requiring only three ports and no additional skin incisions aside from those for port placement. However, a notable limitation of TLG is the difficulty and time required for intracorporeal suturing. To address this challenge, we investigated a new technique—modified laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous gastropexy (mLAPG)—in canine cadavers.

Materials & methods

Twelve canine cadavers were divided into mLAPG (n = 6) and TLG (n = 6) groups. mLAPG was performed using a knotless barbed suture with two ports, and TLG was performed using a single-layer continuous barbed suture. Both methods employed a suture length of 3 cm and four suture bites. The total surgical time (TST) and gastropexy suturing time (GST) were recorded. Upon completion of the procedure, the stomach and body wall, including pexy site, were collected to evaluate the maximum load to failure of the gastropexies.

Results

No significant differences were observed in the TST between the mLAPG (61.83 ± 4.80 min) and TLG (65.33 ± 12.05 min) groups (p = 0.538). The GST showed no significant difference between the mLAPG group (31.33 ± 3.13 min) and the TLG group (37.5 ± 7.06 min) (p = 0.095). The mLAPG group (35.86 ± 8.24 N) had a significantly higher maximum load to failure than the TLG group (24.04 ± 7.16 N) (p = 0.024).

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that the mLAPG, with its minimal invasiveness, absence of an intracorporeal suturing process, and high tensile strength can be clinically applied for gastropexy in dogs. However, further clinical trials are warranted to further validate this technique and confirm its effectiveness.
Unveiling the Silent Threat: Exploring Hypertension Prevalence and Risk Factors Among University Students in Syria
Authors: Alahmad Shuaib , Samman Abudlla , Al Kayali Rawaa
Published: February 2025

Objective

The prevalence of hypertension has increased worldwide over the last decades. No data are available on the prevalence and correlates of hypertension and elevated blood pressure among young adults in Syria. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and elevated blood pressure among university students and to identify the associated sociodemographic characteristics, and behavioral risk factors.

Methods

This study was designed as a cross-sectional investigation with 1,100 subjects randomly selected from the students of Aleppo and Al-Wataniya universities. Risk factors, and measurement data were collected using a questionnaire. Hypertension was categorized according to ACC/AHA guidelines.

Results

Out of 1,100 undergraduate university students, men made up 70.2% of the total respondents. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 30 years with a mean age of 21 (±1.82). The prevalence of elevated blood pressure and hypertension was 27.7% and 15.9% respectively. The main common risk factors for elevated blood pressure and hypertension were sex, age, smoking, stress and BMI. Family history was only associated with hypertension.

Conclusion

The prevalence of hypertension among undergraduate students was higher than in other countries which calls for urgent policy actions targeting this age group for early prevention of hypertension.
Foliar N Supplementation Improves Rapeseed Transplanting Survival Rate and Yield
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhou Xiangyu , Wang Zeyu , Leng Suohu
Published: February 2025

Transplanting shock induced by mechanical transplanting technique in dry land has a negative effect on the growth and grain yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). We hypothesized that foliar nitrogen (N) supplementation plays a positive role in improving rapeseed transplanting survival rate and yield. The aim of the study was to elucidatethe morphological and physiological mechanisms of foliar N supplementation in rapeseed responding to transplanting shock. Through a 1-year pot experiment and a 2-year field experiment, foliar N supplementation at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 g N m−2 was set up to investigate the regulation of foliar N supplementation on the carbon (C) and N structure of seedlings before transplanting. Then we investigated the responses of morphological and physiological changes of shoot, root regeneration ability, transplanting survival rate, and grain yield to transplanting shock. The results showed that foliar N supplementation prior to transplanting increased the short-term activities of GS, GOGAT, and GDH, may improve the conversion of soluble sugar to soluble protein, increased N accumulation, and lowered the C:N ratio of rapeseed seedlings. Rapeseed seedlings with a low C:N ratio showed greater potential for root development after transplanting. Moreover, appropriate foliar N supplementation (2.5–5.0 g N m−2) not only up-regulated the positive feedback of osmoregulatory substances and antioxidant system for improving stress resistance, but also enhanced the synergistic growth of shoot and root by increasing root growth potential during transplanting shock. Therefore, the transplanting survival rate increased by 13.81–19.20%, and the grain yield increased by 25.15–30.56%. The optimal foliar N supplementation before transplanting may be used as a simple and effective agricultural measure to alleviate the negative effects of transplanting shock on rapeseed.
Complex Microbial Fertilizer Promotes the Growth of Summer-Sown Short-Season-Cultivated Cotton and Increases Cotton Yield in the Yangtze River Basin by Changing the Soil Microbial Community Structure
Authors: Xie Zhangshu , Wang Xiaorong , Xie Xuefang , Yang Dan , Zhou Zhonghua , Wang Qiming , Liu Aiyu , Tu Xiaoju
Published: February 2025

The summer-sowing short-season cotton cultivation model is an important method for simplified and mechanized cotton planting in the Yangtze River Basin. However, the effects of microbial fertilizers on cotton growth and soil under this model remain unclear. In 2023, we conducted a systematic analysis on the application of microbial fertilizers (compost) at varying levels (CK, MF1, MF2, and MF3) during different growth stages of cotton (bud, flowering, bolling, and boll opening). Results showed that appropriate microbial fertilizer application (MF2 and MF3) enhanced soil bacterial and fungal diversity, enriched beneficial microorganisms (e.g., Acidobacteriota and Candidatus Udaeobacter), improved soil nutrient availability, and increased antioxidant enzyme activity (POD, SOD), while reducing membrane lipid peroxidation (MDA). These effects led to significant improvements in yield traits, such as cotton plant height, number of fruiting branches and bolls, boll weight, and coat weight. The highest microbial fertilizer application level (MF3) resulted in a 54.35% increase in seed yield and a 75.37% increase in lint yield compared to CK. PLS-DA (Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis) and multivariate statistical analyses revealed that microbial fertilizer application fine-tuned soil microbial community composition, emphasizing the dynamic balance of the microbial ecosystem. This study provides scientific support for optimizing microbial fertilizer strategies to enhance the yield and quality of summer-sown short-season cotton and promote sustainable agriculture.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli in the Environment, Cow Dung, and Milk of Selangor Dairy Farms
Authors: Veloo Yuvaneswary , Rajendiran Sakshaleni , Zakaria Zunita , Ismail Rohaida , Rahman Salina Abdul , Mansor Rozaihan , Thahir Syahidiah Syed Abu
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to global public health urgently needs attention. Misuse of antimicrobials in sectors such as dairy farming has led to the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria and genes. This study investigated AMR patterns and profiles of Escherichia coli (E. coli) from various sources, including soil, effluent, cow dung, and milk. Methods: A total of 192 samples were collected, comprising environmental samples (soil and effluent), cow dung samples, and milk samples from eight dairy farms in Selangor, Malaysia. The spread plate method was employed to isolate E. coli, and all the isolates were subjected to Gram staining to identify Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria. The Vitek® 2 system was used for E. coli identification and susceptibility testing. Results: The prevalence of E. coli identified in the eight farms was 66.1%. A total of 360 E. coli isolates were successfully isolated, and 19.7% of the isolates presented AMR with ampicillin exhibiting the highest resistance (18.3%), followed by trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (8.9%). Additionally, 8.9% of them were multidrug resistant, which could be divided into 16 patterns. For the extended spectrum beta-lactamase screening, nine isolates were positive. Conclusions: This finding emphasizes the rise in resistant isolates in the growing dairy industry and underscores the urgency of addressing the potential reservoir of AMR. Therefore, essential measures such as continuous surveillance and effective antimicrobial stewardship programs are crucial for regulating veterinary antimicrobial use. Research on the mechanisms driving the development and dissemination of AMR is imperative for addressing One Health concerns.
Could a Reduced Dose of 8 g of Continuous Infusion Fosfomycin Be Considered as Effective as and Safer than a Standard 16 g Dose When Combined with High-Dose Daptomycin in the Treatment of Staphylococcal osteoarticular Infections?
Authors: Cojutti Pier Giorgio , Tedeschi Sara , Zamparini Eleonora , Fornaro Giacomo , Zagarrigo Manuel , De Paolis Massimiliano , Viale Pierluigi , Pea Federico
Published: February 2025

Background: Daptomycin plus fosfomycin combination therapy is a valuable strategy for treating staphylococcal osteoarticular infections (OIs), but hypernatremia and hypokalemia due to sodium overload are important issues. The aim of this study was to assess the likelihood of attaining a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target of AUC/MIC > 66.6 and/or of 70%t > MIC with continuous infusion (CI) fosfomycin at the recommended vs. reduced dose in patients with OIs receiving combination therapy with high-dose daptomycin. Adverse events were also evaluated. Methods: Patients with OIs treated with 8–10 mg/kg daily daptomycin plus CI fosfomycin, and who had a ≥1 TDM assessment of CI fosfomycin, were retrospectively included in the high-dose (16 g daily) or reduced-dose (<16 g daily) groups. The attainment of the PK/PD targets of 70%t > MIC and AUC/MIC > 66.6 up to an MIC of 32 mg/L was calculated. A CART analysis was used to identify a cut-off of fosfomycin AUC that indicated occurrence of hypernatremia and/or hypokalemia. Results: A total of 44 and 39 patients were included in the high- and reduced-dose groups, respectively. The two groups did not differ in terms of demographic characteristics, underlying infectious diseases and microbiological isolates. No differences between groups in attaining both PK/PD targets up to an MIC of 32 mg/L and in C-reactive protein reduction at the end of treatment were observed. Fosfomycin AUC > 8245 mg × h/L and >8326 mg × h/L were associated with hypernatremia and hypokalemia, respectively. Conclusions: CI fosfomycin at 8 g daily may reach optimal PK/PD target attainment with better safety than the recommended 16 g daily dose in patients with preserved renal function. Targeting fosfomycin AUC at 2131–8326 mg × h/L or steady-state concentration at 88.8–347 mg/L may be adequate for optimizing drug pharmacodynamics up to an MIC of 32 mg/L and minimizing the risk of hypernatremia and hypokalemia.
Bioactive Compounds as Alternative Approaches for Preventing Urinary Tract Infections in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Cipriani Chiara , Carilli Marco , Rizzo Marta , Miele Martino Tony , Sinibaldi-Vallebona Paola , Matteucci Claudia , Bove Pierluigi , Balestrieri Emanuela
Published: February 2025

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide. They occur in the urinary system when a microorganism, commonly present on the perineal skin or rectum, reaches the bladder through the urethra, and adheres to the luminal surface of uroepithelial cells, forming biofilms. The treatment of UTIs includes antibiotics, but their indiscriminate use has favored the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria strains, which represent a serious challenge to today’s microbiology. The pathogenesis of the infection and antibiotic resistance synergistically contribute to hindering the eradication of the disease while favoring the establishment of persistent infections. The repeated requirement for antibiotic treatment and the limited therapeutic options have further contributed to the increase in antibiotic resistance and the occurrence of potential relapses by therapeutic failure. To limit antimicrobial resistance and broaden the choice of non-antibiotic preventive approaches, this review reports studies focused on the bacteriostatic/bactericidal activity, inhibition of bacterial adhesion and quorum sensing, restoration of uroepithelial integrity and immune response of molecules, vitamins, and compounds obtained from plants. To date, different supplementations are recommended by the European Association of Urology for the management of UTIs as an alternative approach to antibiotic treatment, while a variety of bioactive compounds are under investigation, mostly at the level of in vitro and preclinical studies. Although the evidence is promising, they are far from being included in the clinical practice of UTIs.
The Influence of 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi Exposure Duration on Sperm Quality and Testicular Histopathology: An Exploration of Peroxidative Injury
Authors: Jamaludin Norazurashima , Ibrahim Siti Fatimah , Jaffar Farah Hanan Fathihah , Zulkefli Aini Farzana , Osman Khairul
Published: February 2025

Concerns have arisen about the impact of wireless technology on male fertility, particularly regarding the duration of 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi radiation exposure. This study examines the influence of various exposure durations on sperm parameters and testicular histopathology, focusing on malondialdehyde as an oxidative stress marker. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were exposed for eight weeks, after which their sperm concentration, motility, and viability and testicular histopathology were assessed. Malondialdehyde levels were measured using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. One-way ANOVAs with Tukey’s post hoc tests were conducted for the sperm concentration, motility, and viability; the seminiferous epithelium height; and malondialdehyde. The Kruskal–Wallis H test was used for the Johnsen Score and seminiferous tubule diameter. The results indicated that 4 h of exposure to 2.45 GHz radiation induced oxidative stress and adversely affected sperm parameters and the testicular ultrastructure. Gradual recovery was observed at 8 h, with further improvement at 24 h, suggesting the activation of cell repair mechanisms. This was supported by significant changes in testicular organ coefficients, indicating potential recovery. Our findings suggest that Wi-Fi exposure reduces sperm fertility potential, with the body showing limited capacity for complete recovery from the damage.
Update on Endemic Fluorosis in a Region of Europe (Tenerife, Canary Islands)
Authors: Jáudenes-Marrero Juan R. , Paz-Montelongo Soraya , Gutiérrez Fernández Ángel , Rubio Carmen , Hardisson Arturo , Alejandro-Vega Samuel
Published: February 2025

Fluoride is an anion that is widely distributed in nature whose main source is volcanic emissions. This anion reaches humans mainly through water and can produce beneficial effects at certain doses, with toxic effects occurring at high doses. There are regions of the world that stand out for their high concentrations of fluoride, as it has produced endemic fluorosis in their population. This is the case for Tenerife, one of the islands of the Canary archipelago of volcanic origin. The aims of this study are to perform a historical review of fluoride concentrations in this region and to assess the current levels. The determination of fluoride will be carried out by potentiometry using an ion-selective electrode. The high concentration of fluoride in the water supply continues to be a problem, since about 55% of the studied municipalities on the island of Tenerife exceed the parametric value for the concentration of fluoride in the water (1.5 mg/L). The municipalities with the highest fluoride concentrations in Tenerife are El Tanque (10.61 mg/L), Icod de los Vinos (5.28 mg/L), Tegueste (4.37 mg/L) and La Victoria de Acentejo (3.63 mg/L). The child population aged from 1 to 3 years with a daily water consumption of 1.5 L exceeds the ULs in 21 of the 31 studied municipalities of the island. Meanwhile, the child population aged from 4 to 8 years (daily water consumption of 1.5 L) greatly exceeds the ULs in 13 of 31 of these municipalities. In the case of the adult population (consumption of 2 L/day), it exceeds the ULs in 3 of the 31 studied localities. In addition, since only exposure induced from one type of food has been studied, and not in regard to overall diet, it can be concluded that there may be a risk of overexposure to fluoride for the population aged 1 to 3 years in all the municipalities studied, as well as for the population aged 4 to 14 years and the adult population in most of them. Thus, it can be determined that, currently, with the recommended water consumption, the population could be exposed to a toxicological risk depending on the municipality and age.
Calibrating Microscopic Traffic Simulation Model Using Connected Vehicle Data and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Afshari Abolfazl , Lee Joyoung , Besenski Dejan , Dimitrijevic Branislav , Spasovic Lazar
Published: February 2025

This study introduces a data-driven approach to calibrate microscopic traffic simulation models like VISSIM using high-resolution trajectory data, aiming to improve simulation accuracy and fidelity. The study focuses on a highway segment of NJ-3 and NJ-495 in Hudson County, New Jersey, selected as a case study for its high traffic volume and strategic significance. Trajectory data from 338 connected vehicles, sourced from the Wejo dataset, a global provider of anonymized, high-resolution vehicle movement data, along with traffic volume data from Remote Traffic Microwave Sensors (RTMS), served as inputs. The trajectories produced by the simulation model were compared to the ground truth to measure discrepancies. By adjusting driving behavior parameters (e.g., car-following and lane-changing behaviors) and other factors (e.g., desire speed), a Genetic Algorithm was adopted to minimize these differences. Results showed significant improvements, including a 14.19% reduction in mean error, an 18.27% reduction in median error, and a 22.57% reduction in the 75th percentile error during calibration. In the validation phase, the calibrated parameters yielded a 32.68% reduction in mean error, demonstrating the framework’s robustness. This study presents a scalable calibration framework using connected vehicle data, providing tools for accurate simulation, real-time traffic management, and infrastructure planning.
Application of a Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Approach to the Shape and Force of Scientific Balloons
Authors: Kong Lingsen , Yang Yanchu , Cai Rong , Zhang Hangyue , Lyu Weihao
Published: February 2025

Scientific balloons provide an inexpensive and reliable platform for near-space scientific experiments. The analysis of the balloon geometry and forces has always been a major concern for balloon designers. Most previous studies have focused solely on the fully inflated shapes and forces of balloons, analyzing only the membrane structure and simplifying the effects of internal and external gases into a gradient pressure difference. This approach lacks consideration of the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) of scientific balloons. This paper utilizes the Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) method in the Abaqus/Explicit simulation environment to analyze the FSI effects of scientific balloons under the influence of internal helium and external air. Three typical working conditions of scientific balloons are selected for simulation analysis. First, a three-dimensional spherical balloon is simulated during the ascent process to verify the correctness of the CEL simulation framework. This also demonstrates the membrane folding characteristics during balloon ascent, which could not be calculated in previous two-dimensional axisymmetric simulations. Next, the study explores balloon shapes that deviate from quasi-static pressure distributions due to the motion of internal helium. These include the “mushroom” shape observed during the dynamic launching of the balloon on the ground and the “sail” shape caused by lateral airflow. The mushroom shape arises from the sudden loss of the bottom constraint, causing the internal helium to move upward while being resisted by the air at the balloon’s top. The simulation successfully replicates the rapid waist transition and the downward concavity at the top due to air resistance, while also providing the corresponding force distribution. For the sail-shaped condition, the simulation analyzes the balloon’s tilt angle and the characteristic upturn of its windward surface. By a comparison with no-wind conditions, this study quantifies the impact of wind on the forces acting on the balloon, offering practical guidance for balloon launching. The CEL simulation framework established in this study not only provides a new tool for the FSI analysis of scientific balloons but also enriches the mechanical analysis results of these balloons.
Induction Motor Dynamics Regimes: A Comprehensive Study of Mathematical Models and Validation
Authors: Konuhova Marina
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the dynamic behavior of induction motors (IMs) by developing and validating four distinct mathematical models designed for transient and starting regimes. These models, expressed in α,β and d,q coordinate systems, analyze rotational frequency, electromagnetic torque, and current profiles with varying levels of complexity, including current-based, flux linkage-based, and rotor winding electromagnetic time constant approaches. Implemented in Fortran, the models address the limitations of predefined tools like MATLAB/Simulink, offering enhanced precision, flexibility, and suitability for non-standard scenarios. Validation against experimental data from a 3 kW induction motor confirms the models’ accuracy, with consistent results across approaches. Notably, the flux linkage models excel in capturing intricate transient phenomena, while current-based models simplify integration with power system studies. These findings provide a robust framework for analyzing IM performance under diverse conditions such as voltage unbalance and rundown scenarios, enabling the optimization of motor operations in energy-intensive industries.
A Review of Deep Learning Applications in Intrusion Detection Systems: Overcoming Challenges in Spatiotemporal Feature Extraction and Data Imbalance
Authors: Zhang Ya , Muniyandi Ravie Chandren , Qamar Faizan
Published: February 2025

In the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and large-scale distributed networks, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) face significant challenges in handling complex spatiotemporal features and addressing data imbalance issues. This article systematically reviews recent advancements in applying deep learning techniques in IDS, focusing on the core challenges of spatiotemporal feature extraction and data imbalance. First, this article analyzes the spatiotemporal dependencies of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) in network traffic feature extraction and examines the main methods these models use to solve this problem. Next, the impact of data imbalance on IDS performance is explored, and the effectiveness of various data augmentation and handling techniques, including Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and resampling methods, in improving the detection of minority class attacks is assessed. Finally, the paper highlights the current research gaps and proposes future research directions to optimize deep learning models further to enhance the detection capabilities and robustness of IDS in complex network environments. This review provides researchers with a comprehensive perspective, helping them identify the challenges in the current field and laying a foundation for future research efforts.
A Novel Ensemble Belief Rule-Based Model for Online Payment Fraud Detection
Authors: Yang Fan , Hu Guanxiang , Zhu Hailong
Published: February 2025

In recent years, with the rapid development of technology and the economy, online transaction fraud has become more and more frequent. In the face of massive records of online transaction data, manual detection methods are long outdated, and machine learning methods have become mainstream. However, although traditional machine learning methods perform well in fraud detection tasks, the lack of interpretability and class imbalance issues have always been pain points that are difficult to resolve for such methods. Unlike traditional methods, the belief rule base, as a rule-based expert system model, can integrate expert knowledge and has excellent interpretability. In this paper, we propose an innovative ensemble BRB (belief rule base) model to solve the credit card fraud detection problem by combining an ensemble learning framework with the BRB model. Compared with traditional machine learning methods, the proposed model has the advantage of high interpretability. And compared with traditional BRB models, the ensemble framework enables better performance in dealing with highly imbalanced classification tasks. In an experimental study, two datasets of credit card fraud detection from Kaggle are used to validate the effectiveness of this work. The results show that this new method can achieve excellent performance in the application of fraud detection and is capable of effectively mitigating the impact of an imbalanced dataset.
Diagnostics of Spin-Polarized Ions at Storage Rings
Authors: Maiorova Anna , Fritzsche Stephan , Surzhykov Andrey , Stöhlker Thomas
Published: February 2025

Polarized heavy ions in storage rings are seen as a valuable tool for a wide range of research, from the study of spin effects in relativistic atomic collisions to the tests of the Standard Model. For forthcoming experiments, several important challenges need to be addressed to work efficiently with such ions. Apart from the production and preservation of ion polarization in storage rings, its measurement is an extremely important issue. In this contribution, we employ the radiative recombination (RR) of polarized electrons into the ground state of initially hydrogen-like, finally helium-like, ions as a probe process for beam diagnostics. Our theoretical study clearly demonstrates that the RR cross section, integrated over photon emission angles, is highly sensitive to both the degree and the direction of ion polarization. Since the (integrated) cross-section measurements are well established, the proposed method offers promising prospects for ion spin tomography at storage rings.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Calcium Balance in Tick-Borne Encephalitis: A Preliminary Study and Future Research Directions
Authors: Trojan Gabriela , Moniuszko-Malinowska Anna , Orywal Karolina , Kruszewska Ewelina , Mroczko Barbara , Grzeszczuk Anna , Czupryna Piotr
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Calcium homeostasis is essential for neurophysiological functions, with dysregulation implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies suggest that specific viral brain infections, such as tick-borne encephalitis, can initiate neuronal loss and subsequent neurodegenerative changes. This study examines alterations in calcium levels within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Objectives: To evaluate the concentration of calcium in the CSF of TBE patients and assess its potential as a diagnostic marker for disease severity. Materials and Methods: CSF samples were collected from 42 subjects (11 controls, 20 with TBE, 11 with other forms of meningitis). Calcium levels were measured using the Alinity c analyzer. Statistical analyses included the Shapiro–Wilk test, Mann–Whitney U test, and ROC curve analysis. Results: Calcium levels were significantly lower in TBE patients compared to controls (mean 0.85 mmol/L vs. 0.98 mmol/L). Lower calcium levels were associated with milder cases of TBE. ROC analysis (AUC 0.802, p-value 0.0053) supports the diagnostic utility of calcium concentration in differentiating TBE severity. The optimal cut-off value for calcium was >3.09 mg/dL, with a sensitivity of 84.62% and specificity of 71.43%. These findings further emphasize the potential of calcium as a diagnostic marker for TBEV. Conclusions: The observed differences in CSF calcium levels between mild and severe TBE cases highlight its potential as a diagnostic marker. Further research is warranted to elucidate calcium’s role in TBE, aiming to improve clinical management and reduce complications. We emphasize that this study is one of the first to propose calcium levels as a potential biomarker for assessing the severity of tick-borne encephalitis, offering a new perspective in the diagnostic approach to this infection.
COMMD3 Regulates Copper Metabolism via the ATOX1-ATP7A-LOX Axis to Promote Multiple Myeloma Progression
Authors: Wang Yajun , Zhang Bo , Fan Fengjuan , Zhao Fei , Xu Jian , Zheng Yuhuan , Sun Chunyan , Hu Yu
Published: February 2025

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of plasma cells, with extramedullary myeloma (EMM) being an aggressive form involving malignant infiltration beyond the bone marrow. Copper metabolism is essential for tumor proliferation and metastasis, with copper metabolism MURR1 domain (COMMD) proteins regulating these processes and maintaining copper homeostasis. Dysregulated copper homeostasis contributes to cancer progression, including MM, with elevated copper levels linked to disease aggressiveness and poor prognosis. This study investigates the role of the COMMD3 in mediating MM cell progression, particularly its influence on copper metabolism. Methods: Comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were conducted on bone marrow and extramedullary samples to determine the expression of COMMD3, which was validated through in vitro and in vivo functional assays. The MM cell lines RPMI8226 and MM1S underwent lentiviral transfection for COMMD3 overexpression and knockdown. RNA sequencing was conducted on COMMD3 knockdown cells to identify differentially expressed genes. Functional assays measured cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and copper metabolism, with a non-obese diabetic severe combined immune-deficiency gamma (NSG) mouse xenograft model providing in vivo validation. Results: Elevated COMMD3 expression was correlated with extramedullary myeloma and poor prognosis in MM patients. COMMD3 promoted MM cell proliferation and migration, modulating intracellular copper levels, likely through the ATOX1-ATP7A-LOX copper-metabolism-related pathway. High ATOX1 expression was correlated with worse outcomes, and ATOX1 inhibition abolished COMMD3’s effects. Conclusions: This study highlights the pivotal role of COMMD3 in MM progression, particularly via the ATOX1-ATP7A-LOX axis. These findings provide insights into EMM mechanisms and position COMMD3 as a potential therapeutic target. Future research is needed to validate these findings in larger clinical cohorts and to unravel the precise molecular interactions between COMMD3 and copper metabolism proteins.
Sarcopenia in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review from Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Tsai Chung-Ching , Wang Ping-Chen , Hsiung Ted , Fan Yang-Hsin , Wu Jui-Teng , Kan Wei-Chih , Shiao Chih-Chung
Published: February 2025

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition linked to sarcopenia, a syndrome characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, affecting a quarter of CKD patients globally. Sarcopenia has multiple paths through which it can worsen morbidity and mortality as well as decrease the quality of life in CKD, including systemic inflammation, hormonal imbalances, metabolic changes, and dysbiosis of gut microbiota. There is a regional variation in the criteria set for diagnosis, with two main groups being the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Management regimes such as nutritional optimization, vitamin D, exercise, correction of metabolic acidosis, and modulation of gut microbiota constitute effective intervention strategies. Emerging therapeutic options include anabolic agents, myostatin inhibitors, and anti-inflammatory treatment options. Future advances such as genomics, proteomics, and personalized medicine will open up new avenues for addressing the complex pathophysiology of sarcopenia. Hence, a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach focused on the specific needs of each patient will be vital in reducing the effects of sarcopenia and improving the situation of people with CKD.
A Dual Nano-Signal Probe-Based Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Simultaneous Detection of Two Biomarkers in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Su Li-Ting , Yang Zhen-Qing , Peng Hua-Ping , Liu Ai-Lin
Published: February 2025

Detecting multiple tumor markers is of great importance. It helps in early cancer detection, accurate diagnosis, and monitoring treatment. In this work, gold nanoparticles–toluidine blue–graphene oxide (AuNPs-TB–GO) and gold nanoparticles–carboxyl ferrocene–tungsten disulfide (AuNPs–FMC–WS2) nanocomposites were prepared for labeling Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibody and Carbohydrate antigen 72–4 (CA72-4) antibody, respectively, and used as two kinds of probes with different electrochemical signals. With the excellent magnetic performance of biotin immune magnetic beads (IMBs), the biofunctional IMBs were firmly deposited on the magnetic glassy carbon electrode (MGCE) surface by applying a constant magnetic field, and then the CEA and CA72-4 antibody were immobilized on the IMBs by the avidin–biotin conjugation. The assay was based on the change in the detection peak current. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the linear range of detection of CEA is of the two-component immunosensor is from 0.01 to 120 ng/mL, with a low detection limit of 0.003 ng/mL, and the linear range of detection of CA72-4 is from 0.05 to 35 U/mL, with a detection limit of 0.016 U/mL. The results showed that the proposed immunosensor enabled simultaneous monitoring of CEA and CA72-4 and exhibited good reproducibility, excellent high selectivity, and sensitivity. In particular, the proposed multiplexed immunoassay approach does not require sophisticated fabrication and is well-suited for high-throughput biosensing and application to other areas.