bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trans-Himalayan Borderlands
Authors: Smyer Yu Dan , Michaud Jean , Schendel Willem , Harris Tina , Cederlöf Gunnel , Drew Georgina , Diemberger Hildegard , Galipeau Brendan , Horstmann Alexander , Horstmann Alexander , Quanmin Li , Yunxia Li , Shneiderman Sara , Turner Sarah , Cheng Yang
Published: January 2018

The societies in the Himalayan borderlands have undergone wide-ranging transformations, as the territorial reconfiguration of modern nation-states since the mid-twentieth century and the presently increasing trans-Himalayan movements of people, goods and capital, reshape the livelihoods of communities, pulling them into global trends of modernisation and regional discourses of national belonging. This book explores the changes to native senses of place, the conception of border - simultaneously as limitations and opportunities - and what the authors call "affective boundaries," "livelihood reconstruction," and "trans-Himalayan modernities." It addresses changing social, political, and environmental conditions that acknowledge growing external connectivity even as it emphasises the importance of place.
Interactions of atmospheric gases and aerosols with the monsoon dynamics over the Sudano-Guinean region during AMMA
Authors: Deroubaix Adrien , Flamant Cyrille , Menut Laurent , Siour Guillaume , Mailler Sylvain , Turquety Solène , Briant Régis , Khvorostyanov Dmitry , Crumeyrolle Suzanne
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Carbon monoxide, CO, and fine atmospheric particulate matter,
PM2.5, are analyzed over the Guinean Gulf coastal region using the
WRF-CHIMERE modeling system and observations during the beginning of the
monsoon 2006 (from May to July), corresponding to the Africa
Multidisciplinary Monsoon Analysis (AMMA) campaign period. Along the Guinean Gulf coast, the contribution of long-range pollution
transport to CO or PM2.5 concentrations is important. The contribution
of desert dust PM2.5 concentration decreases from ∼ 38 % in
May to ∼ 5 % in July. The contribution of biomass burning
PM2.5 concentration from Central Africa increases from
∼ 10 % in May to ∼ 52 % in July. The anthropogenic
contribution is ∼ 30 % for CO and ∼ 10 % for
PM2.5 during the whole period. When focusing only on anthropogenic pollution, frequent northward transport
events from the coast to the Sahel are associated with periods of low wind
and no precipitation. In June, anthropogenic PM2.5 and CO concentrations
are higher than in May or July over the Guinean coastal region. Air mass
dynamics concentrate pollutants emitted in the Sahel due to a meridional
atmospheric cell. Moreover, a part of the pollution emitted remotely at the
coast is transported and accumulated over the Sahel. Focusing the analysis on the period 8–15 June, anthropogenic pollutants
emitted along the coastline are exported toward the north especially at the
beginning of the night (18:00 to 00:00 UTC) with the establishment of the
nocturnal low level jet. Plumes originating from different cities are mixed
for some hours at the coast, leading to high pollution concentration, because
of specific disturbed meteorological conditions.
The influence of particle composition upon
the evolution of urban ultrafine diesel
particles on the neighbourhood scale
Authors: Nikolova Irina , Cai Xiaoming , Alam Mohammed Salim , Zeraati-Rezaei Soheil , Zhong Jian , MacKenzie A. Rob , Harrison Roy M.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. A recent study demonstrated that diesel particles in urban air undergo evaporative shrinkage when advected to a cleaner atmosphere (Harrison et al., 2016). We explore, in a structured and systematic way, the sensitivity of nucleation-mode diesel particles to changes in particle composition and saturation vapour pressure. We use a multi-component aerosol microphysics model based on surrogate molecule (C16-C32 n-alkane) volatilities. For standard atmospheric conditions (298 K, 1013.25 hPa), and over timescales (ca. 100 s) relevant for dispersion on the neighbourhood scale (up to 1 km), the choice of a particular vapour pressure dataset changes the range of compounds that are appreciably volatile by 2–6 carbon numbers. The nucleation-mode peak diameter, after 100 s of model runtime, is sensitive to the vapour pressure parameterisations for particles with compositions centred on surrogate molecules between C22H46 and C24H50. The vapour pressures of components in this range are therefore critical for the modelling of nucleation-mode aerosol dynamics on the neighbourhood scale and need to be better constrained. Laboratory studies have shown this carbon number fraction to derive predominantly from engine lubricating oil. The accuracy of vapour pressure data for other (more and less volatile) components from laboratory experiments, is less critical. The influence of a core of involatile material is also considered. The new findings of this study may also be used to identify the Semi-Volatile Organic Compound (SVOC) compositions that play dominating roles in the evaporative shrinkage of the nucleation mode observed in field measurements (e.g. Dall’Osto et al., 2011). As well as reconciling model and observations, identifying the most significant vapour pressure regime for nucleation-mode dynamics offers a way to improve the computing efficiency of urban aerosol models by adopting simplified schemes for those less important components: e.g., an equilibrium scheme for low-carbon-number components and a linear scheme for high-carbon-number components.
Foreign and domestic contributions to springtime ozone over China
Authors: Ni Ruijing , Lin Jintai , Yan Yingying , Lin Weili
Published: January 2018

Abstract. China is facing a severe ozone problem, but the origin of its ozone remains unclear. Here we use a GEOS-Chem based global-regional two-way coupled model system to quantify the individual contributions of eight emission source regions worldwide to springtime ozone in 2008 over China. The model reproduces the observed ozone from 31 ground sites and various aircraft and ozonesonde measurements in China and nearby countries, with a mean bias at 10–15 % both near the surface and in the troposphere. We then combine zero-out simulations, tagged ozone simulations, and a linear weighting approach to accounting for the effect of nonlinear chemistry on ozone source attribution. We find considerable contributions of total foreign anthropogenic emissions to surface ozone over China (2–11 ppb). For ozone averaged over China of anthropogenic origin, foreign regions together contribute 40–50 % below the height of 2 km and 85 % in the upper troposphere. For total foreign anthropogenic emissions contributed ozone over China at various heights, the portion of transboundary ozone produced within foreign emission source regions is less than 50 %, with the rest produced by precursors transported out of those source regions. Japan and Korea contribute 0.6–2.1 ppb of surface ozone over the east coastal regions. South-East Asia contributes 1–5 ppb over much of southern China and South Asia contributes up to 5–10 ppb of surface ozone over border of southwestern China; and their contributions increase with height due to strong upwelling over the source regions. European contribution reaches 2.1–3.0 ppb for surface ozone over the northern border of China and 1.5 ppb in the lower troposphere averaged over China. North America contributes 0.9–2.7 ppb of surface ozone over most of China (1.5–2.1 ppb over the North China Plain), with a China average at 1.5–2.5 ppb at different heights below 8 km, due to its large anthropogenic emissions and the transport-favorable mid-latitude westerly. Global emission reduction is critical for China's ozone mitigation.
The nitrogen pendulum in Sandusky Bay, Lake Erie: Oscillations between strong and weak export and implications for harmful algal blooms
Authors: Salk Kateri R. , Bullerjahn George S. , McKay Robert Michael L. , Chaffin Justin D. , Ostrom Nathaniel E.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Recent global water quality crises point to an urgent need for greater understanding of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs) and their drivers. Nearshore areas of Lake Erie such as Sandusky Bay may become seasonally limited by nitrogen (N) and are characterized by distinct cHAB compositions (i.e., Planktothrix over Microcystis). This study investigated phytoplankton N uptake pathways, determined drivers of N depletion, and characterized the N budget in Sandusky Bay. Nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) uptake, N fixation, and N removal processes were quantified by stable isotopic approaches. Dissimilatory N uptake was a relatively modest N sink, with denitrification, anammox, and N2O production accounting for 84, 14, and 2 % of N removal, respectively. Phytoplankton assimilation was the dominant N uptake mechanism, and NO3− uptake rates were higher than NH4+ uptake rates. Riverine DIN loading was sometimes insufficient to meet assimilatory and dissimilatory demands, but N fixation alleviated this deficit. N fixation made up 23.7–85.4 % of total phytoplankton N acquisition and indirectly supports Planktothrix blooms. However, N fixation rates were surprisingly uncorrelated with NO3− or NH4+ concentrations. Owing to temporal separation in sources and sinks of N to Lake Erie, Sandusky Bay pendulums between acting as a strong and weak source of downstream N loading to Lake Erie. Estuarine systems such as Sandusky Bay are mediators of downstream N loading, but climate change-induced increases in precipitation and N loading will likely intensify the swings of the N pendulum in favor of N export.
Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale Messapicetus gregarius: searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities
Authors: Ramassamy Benjamin , Lambert Olivier , Collareta Alberto , Urbina Mario , Bianucci Giovanni
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Ziphiidae (beaked whales) are a successful family of medium- to large-sized toothed whales. Their extant members perform regular deep dives beyond the photic zone to forage for cephalopods and fish. Conversely, extinct long-snouted stem ziphiids are interpreted as epipelagic predators. However, some aspects of this hypothesis remain unclear due to the lack of clear morphological proxies for recognizing regular deep divers. We compared the forelimb, neck, and pterygoid sinus system of the fossil ziphiid Messapicetus gregarius with those of other odontocetes to evaluate the potential of these body regions as proxies to assess deep-diving specialization. The reconstructed musculature of the neck and forelimb of M. gregarius was also compared with that of other odontocetes. We also quantified variation in the proportions of the forelimb and the hamular fossa of the pterygoid sinus (HF) using 16 linear measurements. The degree of association between diving behaviour in extant odontocetes and these measurements was evaluated with and without phylogenetic correction. Reconstruction of the neck musculature suggests that M. gregarius possessed a neck more flexible than most extant ziphiids due to the lower degree of fusion of the cervical vertebrae and the large insertions for the M. longus colli and Mm. intertransversarii ventrales cervicis. While neck rigidity might be related to deep diving, differences in neck flexibility among extant ziphiids indicate a more complex functional interpretation. The relationship between forelimb morphology and diving behaviour was not significant, both with and without phylogenetic correction, suggesting that it cannot be used to assess deep-diving abilities with the parameters considered here. Measurements of the HF revealed successful to evaluate deep-diving abilities in odontocetes, with an enlargement of this structure in deep divers. Considering other evidence that suggests an epipelagic behaviour, we propose different scenarios to explain the observation of an enlarged HF in M. gregarius: (1) this species may have fed at different depths; (2) it performed deep dives to avoid potential predators; or (3) the enlarged HF and deep-diving habitat correspond to an ancestral condition, with M. gregarius returning to a more epipelagic habitat.
Relationships of cochlear coiling shape and hearing frequencies in cetaceans, and the occurrence of infrasonic hearing in Miocene Mysticeti
Authors: Ritsche Indira S. , Fahlke Julia M. , Wieder Frank , Hilger André , Manke Ingo , Hampe Oliver
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Baleen whales (Mysticeti) are known to use low frequencies (LF; 200 Hz and below) and infrasound (< 20 Hz) for communication. The lowest hearing limits of toothed whales (Odontoceti), which are able to produce ultrasound (> 20 kHz), reach low frequencies. Researchers have tried to understand the evolution of LF and infrasonic hearing in mysticetes by linking the shape of the inner ear cochlea or individual cochlear measurements to known hearing frequencies and making inferences to extinct species. Using landmark-based shape analysis of complete cochlear coiling, we show that cochlear coiling shape correlates with LF and high-frequency (HF; > 10 kHz) hearing limits in cetaceans. Very LF (≤ 50 Hz) and infrasonic hearing are associated with, for example, a protruding second turn, a descending apex, and a high number of turns. Correlations between cochlear and cranial variables and cochlear and cranial shape indicate that low LF hearing limits are furthermore connected to longer cochleae and relatively larger cranial widths. Very LF hearing in Mysticeti appeared in the middle Miocene, and mysticete infrasonic hearing had evolved by the late Miocene. Complete cochlear coiling is suitable for estimating hearing limits in cetaceans, closely approximated by cochlear length times number of cochlear turns.
Improved logistic regression model based on a spatially weighted technique
(ILRBSWT v1.0) and its application to mineral prospectivity mapping
Authors: Zhang Daojun , Ren Na , Hou Xianhui
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Due to complexity, multiple minerogenic stages, and superposition during geological processes, the spatial distributions of geological variables also exhibit specific trends and non-stationarity. For example, geochemical elements exhibit obvious spatial non-stationarity and trends because of the deposition of different types of coverage. Thus, bias may clearly occur under these conditions when general regression models are applied to mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM). In this study, we used a spatially weighted technique to improve general logistic regression and developed an improved model called the improved logistic regression model based on spatially weighted technique (ILRBSWT, version 1.0). The capabilities and advantages of ILRBSWT are as follows: (1) ILRBSWT is essentially a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model, and thus it has all its advantages when dealing with spatial trends and non-stationarity; (2) the current software employed for GWR mainly applies linear regression whereas ILRBSWT is based on logistic regression, which is used more commonly in MPM because mineralization is a binary event; (3) a missing data process method borrowed from weights of evidence is included to extend the adaptability when dealing with multisource data; and (4) the differences of data quality or exploration level can also be weighted in the new model as well as the geographical distance.
A conservative reconstruction scheme for the interpolation of
extensive quantities in the Lagrangian particle dispersion model
FLEXPART
Authors: Hittmeir Sabine , Philipp Anne , Seibert Petra
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Lagrangian particle dispersion models require interpolation of all meteorological input variables to the position in space and time of computational particles. The widely used model FLEXPART uses linear interpolation for this purpose, implying that the discrete input fields contain point values. As this is not the case for precipitation (and other fluxes) which represent cell averages or integrals, a preprocessing scheme is applied which ensures the conservation of the integral quantity with the linear interpolation in FLEXPART, at least for the temporal dimension. However, this mass conservation is not ensured per grid cell, and the scheme thus has undesirable properties such as temporal smoothing of the precipitation rates. Therefore, a new reconstruction algorithm was developed, in two variants. It introduces additional supporting grid points in each time interval and is to be used with a piecewise linear interpolation to reconstruct the precipitation time series in FLEXPART. It fulfils the desired requirements by preserving the integral precipitation in each time interval, guaranteeing continuity at interval boundaries, and maintaining non-negativity. The function values of the reconstruction algorithm at the sub-grid and boundary grid points constitute the degrees of freedom which can be prescribed in various ways. With the requirements mentioned it was possible to derive a suitable piecewise-linear reconstruction. To improve the monotonicity behaviour, two versions of a filter were also developed that form a part of the final algorithm. Currently, the algorithm is meant primarily for the temporal dimension. It was shown to significantly improve the reconstruction of hourly precipitation time series from three-hourly input data. Preliminary considerations for the extension to additional dimensions are also included as well as suggestions for a range of possible applications beyond the case of precipitation in a Lagrangian particle model.
Investigating water budget dynamics in 18 river basins across the Tibetan Plateau through multiple datasets
Authors: Liu Wenbin , Sun Fubao , Li Yanzhong , Zhang Guoqing , Sang Yan-Fang , Lim Wee Ho , Liu Jiahong , Wang Hong , Bai Peng
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The dynamics of basin-scale water budgets over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are not well understood nowadays due to the lack of in situ hydro-climatic observations. In this study, we investigate the seasonal cycles and trends of water budget components (e.g. precipitation P, evapotranspiration ET and runoff Q) in 18 TP river basins during the period 1982–2011 through the use of multi-source datasets (e.g. in situ observations, satellite retrievals, reanalysis outputs and land surface model simulations). A water balance-based two-step procedure, which considers the changes in basin-scale water storage on the annual scale, is also adopted to calculate actual ET. The results indicated that precipitation (mainly snowfall from mid-autumn to next spring), which are mainly concentrated during June–October (varied among different monsoons-impacted basins), was the major contributor to the runoff in TP basins. The P, ET and Q were found to marginally increase in most TP basins during the past 30 years except for the upper Yellow River basin and some sub-basins of Yalong River, which were mainly affected by the weakening east Asian monsoon. Moreover, the aridity index (PET/P) and runoff coefficient (Q/P) decreased slightly in most basins, which were in agreement with the warming and moistening climate in the Tibetan Plateau. The results obtained demonstrated the usefulness of integrating multi-source datasets to hydrological applications in the data-sparse regions. More generally, such an approach might offer helpful insights into understanding the water and energy budgets and sustainability of water resource management practices of data-sparse regions in a changing environment.
Satellite-based emergency mapping using optical imagery: experience and reflections from the 2015 Nepal earthquakes
Authors: Williams Jack G. , Rosser Nick J. , Kincey Mark E. , Benjamin Jessica , Oven Katie J. , Densmore Alexander L. , Milledge David G. , Robinson Tom R. , Jordan Colm A. , Dijkstra Tom A.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Landslides triggered by large earthquakes in mountainous regions contribute significantly to overall earthquake losses and pose a major secondary hazard that can persist for months or years. While scientific investigations of coseismic landsliding are increasingly common, there is no protocol for rapid (hours-to-days) humanitarian-facing landslide assessment and no published recognition of what is possible and what is useful to compile immediately after the event. Drawing on the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal, we consider how quickly a landslide assessment based upon manual satellite-based emergency mapping (SEM) can be realistically achieved and review the decisions taken by analysts to ascertain the timeliness and type of useful information that can be generated. We find that, at present, many forms of landslide assessment are too slow to generate relative to the speed of a humanitarian response, despite increasingly rapid access to high-quality imagery. Importantly, the value of information on landslides evolves rapidly as a disaster response develops, so identifying the purpose, timescales, and end users of a post-earthquake landslide assessment is essential to inform the approach taken. It is clear that discussions are needed on the form and timing of landslide assessments, and how best to present and share this information, before rather than after an earthquake strikes. In this paper, we share the lessons learned from the Gorkha earthquake, with the aim of informing the approach taken by scientists to understand the evolving landslide hazard in future events and the expectations of the humanitarian community involved in disaster response.
Characterizing permafrost active layer dynamics and sensitivity to landscape spatial heterogeneity in Alaska
Authors: Yi Yonghong , Kimball John S. , Chen Richard H. , Moghaddam Mahta , Reichle Rolf H. , Mishra Umakant , Zona Donatella , Oechel Walter C.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. An important feature of the Arctic is large spatial heterogeneity in active layer conditions, which is generally poorly represented by global models and can lead to large uncertainties in predicting regional ecosystem responses and climate feedbacks. In this study, we developed a spatially integrated modeling and analysis framework combining field observations, local-scale ( ∼  50 m resolution) active layer thickness (ALT) and soil moisture maps derived from low-frequency (L + P-band) airborne radar measurements, and global satellite environmental observations to investigate the ALT sensitivity to recent climate trends and landscape heterogeneity in Alaska. Modeled ALT results show good correspondence with in situ measurements in higher-permafrost-probability (PP  ≥  70 %) areas (n = 33; R = 0.60; mean bias  =  1.58 cm; RMSE  =  20.32 cm), but with larger uncertainty in sporadic and discontinuous permafrost areas. The model results also reveal widespread ALT deepening since 2001, with smaller ALT increases in northern Alaska (mean trend  = 0.32±1.18 cm yr−1) and much larger increases (>  3 cm yr−1) across interior and southern Alaska. The positive ALT trend coincides with regional warming and a longer snow-free season (R =  0.60 ± 0.32). A spatially integrated analysis of the radar retrievals and model sensitivity simulations demonstrated that uncertainty in the spatial and vertical distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) was the largest factor affecting modeled ALT accuracy, while soil moisture played a secondary role. Potential improvements in characterizing SOC heterogeneity, including better spatial sampling of soil conditions and advances in remote sensing of SOC and soil moisture, will enable more accurate predictions of active layer conditions and refinement of the modeling framework across a larger domain.
The first luminescence dating of Tibetan glacier basal sediment
Authors: Zhang Zhu , Hou Shugui , Yi Shuangwen
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Dating ice cores drilled in the high mountain glaciers is difficult because seasonal variations cannot be traced at depth due to rapid thinning of the ice layers. Here we provide the first luminescence dating of the basal sediment of the Chongce ice cap in the north-western Tibetan Plateau. Assuming the sediment is of similar (or older) age as the surrounding ice, the luminescence dating of 42 ± 4 ka provides an upper constraint for the age of the bottom ice at the drilling site. This result is more than 1 order of magnitude younger than the previously suggested age of the basal ice of the nearby Guliya ice cap (∼ 40 km in distance).
Información y participación ciudadana en el contexto del gobierno abierto: las potencialidades de la biblioteca pública
Authors: Ramos Chávez Alejandro
Published: January 2018

Diversos gobiernos alrededor del mundo han establecido tendencias encaminadas a obtener gestiones gubernamentales que impliquen una participación ciudadana más amplia. En este sentido, el gobierno abierto representa una de las tendencias más visibles en la comprensión de la necesidad de contar con ciudadanos mejor informados y más participativos en el desarrollo de los asuntos públicos, al tomar en consideración tres elementos principales: i) la necesidad de contar con mayores niveles de transparencia y rendición de cuentas gubernamentales; ii) el establecimiento de formas de gobierno más plurales y horizontales en un sentido más cercano al concepto de gobernanza; iii) la importancia de la utilización de las herramientas digitales para llevar a cabo los procesos antes referidos. El objetivo del documento es el de poner a consideración la importancia de la información para alcanzar una ciudadanía más involucrada en los asuntos públicos en el contexto de los debates del gobierno abierto, así como el papel que podría tener la biblioteca pública como espacio democrático para la obtención de información y encuentro ciudadano. Las conclusiones apuntan a señalar la importancia, así como los principales retos, que tienen las bibliotecas públicas para constituirse como espacios esenciales del gobierno abierto y la construcción de ciudadanía.
Corrección a: Vivas Moreno, A., & Macedo, R. “Series documentales para el estudio del poder en las Universidades Hispánicas de los ss. XVI-XVIII: El caso salmantino”. Biblios, no. 66, 60-85. 10.5195/biblios.2017.334
Authors: Santillán Aldana Julio
Published: January 2018

En los datos de autoria del artículo titulado “Series documentales para el estudio del poder en las Universidades Hispánicas de los ss. XVI-XVIII: El caso salmantino” publicado en la edición No 66 de la Revista BIBLIOS se agregó de forma errónea el nombre del Dr. Raimundo Nonato dos Santos Macedo como coautor del trabajo. Considerando que este error es responsabilidad de los editores y no del autor del artículo extendemos nuestras más sinceras disculpas tanto a él como a los lectores de la Revista BIBLIOS. El artículo original puede ser encontrado via el DOI: https://doi.org/10.5195/biblios.2017.334
PREVALÊNCIA DE FLEBITE RELACIONADA AO USO DE DISPOSITIVOS INTRAVENOSOS PERIFÉRICOS EM CRIANÇAS
Authors: Bitencourt Elessandra Souza , Leal Camila Nunes , Boostel Radamés , Mazza Verônica De Azevedo , Felix Jorge Vinícius Cestari , Pedrolo Edivane
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de flebite relacionada ao uso de dispositivos intravenosos periféricos em crianças em um hospital universitário. Método: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, quantitativo, com base em dados provenientes da ficha de notificação de flebite relacionada à terapia intravenosa periférica, no período de junho de 2011 a junho de 2014, da unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica, na cidade de Curitiba-PR. Resultados: De um total de 1306 cateteres, foram notificados 339 casos de flebite (prevalência de 26%) no período de três anos. A prevalência de flebite foi de 34% nas crianças de 0 a 2 anos e de 30,2% (n=179) no sexo feminino. Quanto à classificação das flebites 82,6% (n=280) eram de Grau 1 e o tempo médio de permanência do dispositivo foi de 49,92 ± 43,19 horas. Conclusão: Os dados apresentados demonstram alta prevalência de flebite em pacientes pediátricos e a necessidade de buscar medidas que reduzam esses eventos.
CULTURA DE SEGURANÇA ENTRE PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE EM HOSPITAL DE ENSINO
Authors: Cruz Elaine Drehmer de Almeida , Da Rocha Denise Jorge Munhoz , Mauricio Aline Batista , Ulbrich Francielle De Souza , Batista Josemar , Maziero Eliane Cristina
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: avaliar a cultura de segurança organizacional entre os profissionais de um hospital de Ensino. Método: estudo tipo survey com 645 profissionais de um hospital de ensino no Estado do Paraná, de outubro de 2014 a julho de 2015, utilizando instrumento autoaplicável da Agency for Health care Research and Quality. Variáveis quantitativas foram representadas em percentuais; quando ≥75% das respostas foram positivas, cultura de segurança satisfatória; 74 a 51% neutra; e ≤50% frágil. A confiabilidade foi mensurada pelo coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: maior índice foi obtido na dimensão “Expectativas sobre o seu supervisor/chefe e ações promotoras da segurança”, com 70,8% (n=455) de respostas positivas e “Respostas não punitivas ao erro” o menor, com 25,6% (n=164). O coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach obteve média de 0,62, mostrando baixaconfiabilidade. Conclusão: resultados mostram cultura de segurança insatisfatória e relevância de ações de promoção, com destaque à abordagem coletiva e não punitiva de erros.
PERFIL DE MÃES E O DESFECHO DO NASCIMENTO PREMATURO OU A TERMO
Authors: Teixeira Gracimary Alves , De Carvalho Jovanka Bittencourt Leite , Da Rocha Brismark Góes , Pereira Silvana Alves , Enders Bertha Cruz
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: identificar o perfil de mães de bebês prematuros e a termo para o desfecho do nascimento.Método: trata-se de um estudo analítico-descritivo, seccional, com amostra de 244 puérperas, sendo 109 mães de bebês prematuros e 135 mães de bebês a termo, por partos ocorridos no período de abril a setembro de 2015, em uma maternidade pública do nordeste brasileiro. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa Statistica 10 e teste Qui-quadrado. Resultados: alta prevalência de sedentarismo; significância estatística para sobrepeso e obesidade antes e durante a gravidez; elevada prevalência de pressão arterial alta durante a gestação das mães de bebês prematuros. Logo, os bebês nasceram com problemas de saúde em 58,1% (n= 63) dos prematuros e nascimento saudável em 96,3% (n= 130) dos bebês a termo. Conclusão: o perfil de mães com obesidade e sobrepeso é fator de risco ao nascimento do bebê prematuro como evento que demanda cuidado à saúde da criança.
Is Smartphone Addiction Associated with a Younger Age at First Use in University Students?
Authors: Jaalouk Doris , Boumosleh Jocelyne
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence highlighted the potential of habitual smartphone use among youth to become an addiction analogous to established behavioral and substance-related addictions. While investigators revealed independent predictive effects of several sociodemographic factors, personality traits, psychological conditions, and smartphone usage patterns on smartphone addiction (SPA) in university students, none examined the independent effect of age at first smartphone use, a potential predictor variable, on subsequent development of SPA.OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the independent association between age at first smartphone use and SPA score in a sample of 688 Lebanese undergraduate university students.METHODS: A random sample of 688 undergraduate students selected from Notre Dame University, Lebanon filled out survey forms that included a) questions on socio-demographics, academics, smartphone use, personality type, depression, anxiety, and lifestyle habits; b) 26-item Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) Scale. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the independent association between age at first use and SPA level.RESULTS: Mean age at first smartphone use was about 15 years. Younger age at first use of smartphone was found to be significantly associated with several SPA symptoms and correlated with higher total SPAI score. In the unadjusted regression model, higher total SPAI scores were found to be significantly associated with younger age at first smartphone use. This association remained significant in the partially adjusted model, but disappeared in the fully adjusted one when controlling additionally for smartphone use habits.CONCLUSION: Younger age at smartphone use did not independently predict SPA in this sample of students.
Parents’ Strategies of Managing Minor Childhood Illnesses Using Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Jordan
Authors: Abu-Baker Nesrin N. , Savage Christine , Amarneh Basil H.
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND: Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is a group of medical products and practices that are not part of conventional medicine.METHOD: The aims of this study were to identify the strategies of managing minor illnesses, perceptions and significant predictors of using CAM among Jordanian parents. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. The study was conducted in ten Ministry of Health comprehensive health centers in Jordan. A convenience sample of 328 participants was recruited and asked to complete a self-report structured questionnaire.RESULTS: Over 80% of study participants used CAM to treat minor illness for their children. Digestive system problems, upper respiratory tract infection, and urinary tract infection were the most common managed illnesses. Herbs, prayer, and aromatherapy were the most common types of CAM therapy. The most common reasons for using CAM were making the child comfortable, supporting medical treatment, and promoting health and preventing disease. The major sources of advice were self, mother or mother in law, and friend. 72% of CAM users reported that they always consulted their health care providers about CAM use. More than 60% of the study sample perceived CAM as complementary, safe, and efficient. Finally, CAM belief, father’s education, and living with extended family significantly predicted CAM use.CONCLUSION: Health care providers in general should be able to assess CAM use, provide accurate health education and encourage parents to consult their health care providers about CAM use.
Synergy of Top Management Team Demographics, Strategy and Structure: Empirical Evidence on Performance of Public Enterprises
Authors: Awino Zachary B. , Joseph Francis Bwire
Published: January 2018

The study conceptualized the collective effect of TMT demographics, corporate strategy and organizational structure on performance of Kenyan PEs. TMT demographics have been posited to influence performance however; this position has been largely tautological and hence required more empirical testing. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey in which a semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data. The questionnaire was administered through a drop and pick method to a sample of 117 Chief Executive Officers. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics for purposes of data analysis. Descriptive statistics used included mean, standard deviation, coefficients of variation (CVs) and t-tests. Inferential analysis involved the use of multivariate and hierarchical regression analyses. The findings of the study indicated that jointly TMT demographics, corporate strategy and organizational structure significantly influenced performance of PEs. The findings informed theories (upper echelon, configuration, institutional an behavioural theory of the firm) by showing their relevance and applicability in day-to-day organizational operation; decision makers at managerial level are guided on how to choose TMTs with the right mix of demographics, and policy makers on development of guidelines and policies that define the required TMT demographics during recruitment who can develop corporate strategies and adopt structures that bring about stellar performance. The limitations of this study pin-points some areas that need further research in the future. For instance, a qualitative research with variables such as culture and leadership could be considered for future research.
Intercultural Adaptation Strategies to Culture Shock of International Students in China: A Case Study
Authors: Fakir Md Shahidul Islam
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore a case on culture shock and adaptation of an international student in China during the period from September 01, 2016 to May 01, 2017. This is the self-case study research which has been analyzed from multicultural context through a 50 sample research participants. A sample questionnaire survey on 32 international students from different developing countries and two Focus Group Discussions (FGD-1 and FGD-2) with 18 Bnagladeshi PhD and Master’s students in China have been conducted through online social media such as WeChat/Skype, Facebook, e-mail and/or personal contact in order to identify the forms of intercultural shock, and also to make a list of possible intercultural adaptation strategies to evaluate the best fit intercultural adaptation strategies. This study used judgmental convenience sampling technique. As psychological and social issues affect negatively the sojourner, the culture shock and adaptation curves show ups and downs trend as our heart does all the time and this is called heartbeat and again this would be sustainable. However, this proposed heartbeat model requires approval from scholars. This study identified the best fit intercultural adaptation strategies such as harmonious relationship, integration, assimilation, and separation. This study suffers from smaller sample size and shorter time period which could be covered in the future research. The findings and recommendations have positive implications to the international students those who are normally nervous and hesitated to enter into a new foreign culture to pursue higher studies for a long period of time.
Ontwikkeling van een afwegingskader vertrouwen voor toezichthouders
Authors: Spronk Sandra , Buijze Heleen , Zwietering Paul , Friele Roland , Robben Paul
Published: January 2018

Ontwikkeling van een afwegingskader vertrouwen voor toezichthouders

Diverse toezichthouders hebben vertrouwen in ondertoezichtstaanden gekozen als uitgangspunt. Inspecteurs van de Inspectie Gezondheidszorg en Jeugd (IGJ) vinden vertrouwen een lastig te hanteren begrip. Tegelijk geven zij aan dat vertrouwen wel een grote rol speelt bij hun oordeel en handhaving. Ze missen echter handvatten om de afweging van vertrouwen in de zorgaanbieder te kunnen expliciteren en te onderbouwen. Dit is voor de IGJ aanleiding om vanuit het perspectief van de IGJ praktijkonderzoek te doen naar het begrip vertrouwen. Dit leidt tot het afwegingskader.
Colorectal Carcinomas With Isolated Loss of PMS2 Staining by Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Alpert Lindsay , Pai Reetesh K. , Srivastava Amitabh , McKinnon Wendy , Wilcox Rebecca , Yantiss Rhonda K. , Arcega Ramir , Wang Hanlin L. , Robert Marie E. , Liu Xiuli , Pai Rish K. , Zhao Lei , Westerhoff Maria , Hampel Heather , Kupfer Sonia , Setia Namrata , Xiao Shu-Yuan , Hart John , Frankel Wendy L.
Published: January 2018

Context.—

Isolated loss of PMS2 staining is an uncommon immunophenotype in colorectal carcinomas, accounting for approximately 4% of tumors with microsatellite instability. Limited information regarding these tumors is available in the literature.

Objective.—

To compare the clinicopathologic features of colorectal carcinomas with isolated PMS2 loss by immunohistochemistry to those with other forms of mismatch repair deficiency.

Design.—

Ninety-three colorectal carcinomas with isolated PMS2 loss by immunohistochemistry and 193 with other forms of mismatch repair deficiency were identified. Forty (43%) of the isolated PMS2 loss cases and 35 control cases (18%) had a known germline mutation or a clinical diagnosis of Lynch syndrome.

Results.—

Overall, isolated PMS2-loss tumors occurred in significantly younger patients (P < .001) and in fewer female patients (P = .006). These tumors were significantly less likely to be right-sided (P = .001), high-grade (P = .01), or display histologic features of microsatellite instability (P < .001). The isolated PMS2-loss group also exhibited increased odds of disease-specific death (odds ratio [OR], 3.09; 95% CI, 1.41–6.85; P = .007). When the analysis was restricted to germline mutation/Lynch syndrome cases and controls, no significant differences were detected for age, sex, tumor location, tumor grade, histologic features, or distant metastases, although a trend toward increased odds of disease-specific death in the isolated PMS2-loss group was evident (OR, 3.87; 95% CI, 0.89–27.04; P = .10).

Conclusions.—

Unusual clinicopathologic features observed in colorectal carcinomas with isolated PMS2 loss are likely related to the high proportion of cases caused by germline mutations. Isolated PMS2-loss tumors may demonstrate more aggressive behavior than other tumors with microsatellite instability, but larger studies are needed to investigate that possibility further.
Aproximación metodológica al análisis de contenidos a partir del discurso de los actores. Un ensayo de investigación social de procesos de desarrollo local (Loja, Ecuador)
Authors: Mendieta Vicuña Diana , Esparcia Pérez Javier
Published: January 2018

El análisis de contenidos está en el centro de gran cantidad de estudios de investigación social. Por su parte, el análisis del sistema de actores también ha sido ampliamente explotado en el estudio de procesos de desarrollo local, bajo diferentes aproximaciones. Sin embargo, este trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar algunas de las potencialidades y ventajas del análisis de contenidos a partir del discurso de los actores implicados en procesos de desarrollo local. Para ello, se toma como punto de partida la información primaria obtenida de las entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a una muestra de actores sociales, económicos e institucionales vinculados a la puesta en marcha de la central eólica Villonaco (Loja, Ecuador). Según el gobierno ecuatoriano, esta ha de tener una clara proyección en el desarrollo local, y de ahí el interés por analizar estos procesos desde esta perspectiva metodológica. Para mostrar las potencialidades del análisis de contenidos a partir del discurso de los actores se utiliza el software MAXQDA, que permite, tras la codificación de la información, analizar los diferentes temas y subtemas que definen las posiciones y valoraciones de los actores implicados.The content analysis is at the core of a large number of social studies. On the other hand, the stakeholder analysis has been widely used in the study of local development processes from different approaches. However, this paper aims to show the potential and advantages of content analysis based on the actors’ discourse involved in local development processes. Primary information obtained from interviews conducted with a sample of social, economic and institutional actors linked to the starting up and operation of Villonaco Wind Farm (Loja, Ecuador), has been taken as a starting point. According to the Ecuadorian government, this wind farm should have a clear projection in local development, hence the interest in the analysis of these processes using this methodological approach. Software MAXQDA is used to show the potential of content analysis. This tool allows, after the encoding process of information, to analyze the various topics and subtopics that define the positions adopted by the actors and their appraisals of the studied processes.
Study on Drag Reduction Performance of Antifouling Ribbed Surfaces
Authors: Yifeng Fu , Chengqing Yuan , Xiuqin Bai , Tao Li
Published: January 2018

Drag reduction by ribbed surfaces is a potentially effective strategy for reducing the energy consumption of ships. However, complicated by possible marine biofouling, it is meaningless to consider the isolated effect of drag reduction of riblets. There is a strong correlation between drag reduction and antifouling, and thus it is crucial to study their synergistic behaviors. In this study, shell is taken as a biomimetic object, which has ribbed surfaces and antifouling properties. On the premise of antifouling, the microstructures of the shell surface are simplified as ribbed surfaces with an interval w between neighboring riblets. The impact of the riblet interval w on drag reduction performance is studied both numerically and experimentally. The numerical simulation adopts the Shear Stress Transport k — ω turbulence model, and the characteristics of smooth and ribbed surfaces are analyzed in the same computational domain. Numerical results show that the riblet interval w has a complex nonmonotonic effect on drag reduction. The corresponding experimental measurement shows similar trend to the numerical results.

1. Introduction

Antifouling and drag reduction of ships are two critical issues in the shipping industry. As the consumption of fossil fuel is increasing in line with economic growth, severe energy crisis, and environmental pollution have become intractable social problems in recent years. Under this circumstance the concept of "green ship" which has both antifouling and drag reduction features has emerged.

It is known that surface friction drag accounts for a great portion of the total fluid drag (more than 60% for a cargo ship). Furthermore, microstructures on a moving surface influence the flow primarily in a small region near the surface, but this influence may have a profound impact on the drag (Elfriede et al. 2010). For instance, microriblets are formed over the whole body of a shark with aligned tiny placoid scales, leading to superior drag reduction, the so-called "shark skin effect" (Chen et al. 2013). Under such inspiration, Walsh and coworkers at the NASA Langley Research Center investigated several different types of ribbed surfaces and reported an 8% drag reduction for symmetric V-groove riblets (Walsh 1983; Walsh & Lindemann 1984). Choi and Orchard (1997) found that such drag reduction occurs only in turbulent flow regimes, whereas the drag is actually increasing in laminar flow regimes due to the presence of riblets on the surface. Bechert et al. (1997) investigated a number of configurations of riblets including rectangular, scalloped, and shark-skin-shape riblets. The effects of various parameters such as the riblet height and length have been reported in the literature (Henn & Sykes 1999; Choi & Suzuki 2005; Vlachogiannis & Hanratty 2004). Tests conducted in a wind tunnel and a water channel also showed a drag reduction of 7–8% by shark skin and ribbed surface (Elfriede et al. 2010; Meng et al. 2011).