bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disease surveillance of cultured marine fish in the North of Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Mahardika K , Mastuti I , Syahidah D , Ismi S , Zafran
Published: November 2021

A regular surveillance of marine fish diseases was conducted from March to November 2019 in order to determine the occurrence time of the diseases within the mariculture centre of the North of Bali, Indonesia. The monthly surveillance was conducted by collecting 15 fish samples from each of the three hatcheries in Gerokgak and Penyabangan villages and of the two floating net cages in Pegametan Bay, Sumberkima village. Bacterial concentrations were grouped into 4 categories including low, moderate, high and very high. Surveillance data were analyzed using bivariate descriptive statistical methods. The results showed some important findings. First, the results of the study showed that NNV infection was found during the transitional seasons in March to June and September to November. Parasite infection were more frequent observed in fish with high and very high bacterial population. Second, high concentration of total bacteria in fish-feces occurred throughout the year. The prevalence of NNV infection and bacterial populations at the high to very high concentration were mostly occurred in the cultured fish in hatcheries at the size of 1-10 g, while in cultured fish at the net cages were mostly occurred at the size of > 50 g.
Growth and survival of spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus fed fresh food and formulated diet
Authors: Sudewi  , Astuti N W W , Fahrudin  , Giri I N A , Slamet B
Published: November 2021

To date, lobster aquaculture relies on fresh food for feeding; however, the availability of fresh food is limited and its excessive use causes environmental degradation. Therefore, formulated diet is required to establish sustainable lobster aquaculture. Concerning this issue, this study was carried out to assess the growth and survival of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus fed fresh food and formulated diet. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 groups of treatments and 3 replicates for each treatment. Feeding experiment was performed in a flow-through water system using 9 fibre tanks, 4000 L in volume. Each tank was stocked with 40 lobsters, with initial weight of 78.08 ± 0.22 g. Each group of lobsters was fed with fresh food (A), formulated diet (pellet) (B) and a combination of pellet and fresh food (C). The fresh food was a mixture of fish, crabs, shrimp and small mussel (3:1:1:1). Feeding experiment was done for 15 weeks. Results of the experiment showed that the highest specific growth rate of lobster was obtained from lobsters fed with the combination of pellet and fresh food (0.52 ± 0.02 %/day) and the lowest growth was resulted from lobsters fed formulated diet (0.16 ± 0.03 %/day). In contrast, the highest survival was achieved in lobsters fed formulated diet (51.67%). Whereas the lowest survival was found in lobsters fed fresh food (10%). This study indicated that good growth of lobster was resulted from feeding with formulated diet combined with fresh food, while good survival was supported by feeding with formulated diet.
Effect of WAF crude oil exposure to larvae development of the black-scar oyster Crasosstrea iredalei
Authors: Abidin G , Leksono A S , Risjani Y , Kingtong S
Published: November 2021

Oil spills potentially effect exposed organisms at various stage of life. This work aimed to access health risk of crude oil to larva development of a sessile organism the Black scar oysterCrassostrea iredaleiby using water accommodate fraction (WAF) of crude oil. Male and female gametes was collect and fertilized to obtained larvae at cleavage stage. The larvae were then incubate in various concentrations of WAF (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 %). After 24 hour of exposure, normal D-shaped veliger larva (D-larva) was observe. The result showed that WAF crude oil affected the development and the successful of D-larva development. Severity of WAF effect was increasing with dosages of exposure. The abnormal larva developments were increasing in the high concentrations. The information obtaining from current work is important for health risk assessment of crude oil contamination incident in marine ecosystem. This study will also contribute valuable knowledge needed for aquaculture to know effect of crude oil spill to oyster farming area.
Management of sustainable fisheries and utilization status of red snapper (Lutjanus spp.) using handline landed in archipelagic fishing port of Brondong
Authors: Nugraha B , Utomo S W , Dewi I J P
Published: November 2021

Fish resources of the study were landed in the Archipelagic Fishing Port of Brondong and it is dominated by the demersal fish (bottom). The red snapper (Lutjanus spp.) is one of demersal fish that is found in the Archipelagic Fishing port of Brondong. There is a catch on the red snapper (Lutjanus spp.) that takes place continuously without good management. This condition can impact to the decline or fullness of the number of its population, it is necessary to have a review to suspect the potential of sustainable catch and the number of total allowable catch, and the number of total allowable efforts in the management of the sustainable fishing commodity of red snapper (Lutjanus spp.). The data analysis method used is the production surplus model. The result of this research showed that the potential for maximum sustainable catch (YMSY) is 102.88 tons/year and total allowable catch (TAC) is 82.31 tons/year. Maximum sustainable effort (fMSY) is 709 trips/year and total allowable effort is 242 trips/year. utilization rate is 75% where condition in status fully exploited.
The influence of extraction period on the characteristics of acid soluble collagen from sea catfish (Arius thalassinus) swim bladder
Authors: Kurniasih R A , Swastawati F , Riyadi P H , Rianingsih L
Published: November 2021

The sea catfish in Indonesia is commonly processed into smoked fish and salted fish. The processing of these two products leaves a by-product, namely a swim bladder of 2%. The study investigated the influence of extraction period on the characteristics of collagen from sea catfish (Arius thalassinus) swim bladder. Collagen was extracted from the swim bladder using 0.5 M citric acid with different extraction periods (8, 12, and 16 h). The extraction period of 12 h produced the highest yield of collagen, namely 40.33%. The results showed that the longer extraction, the more amino acids could be extracted from the swim bladder. Glycine was an amino acid that dominates collagen in the amount of 138544.9 to 175420.0 mg/kg. The electrophoresis pattern of protein fraction indicated that the collagen were of type I because it consists of α1 and α2 chains with a molecular weight of approximately 100 to 150 kDa and β chain of 250 kDa. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of collagen showed the regions of amide A, B, I, II, and III. However, based on the results of the Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC), collagen extracted for 16 h had lower thermal stability than the extraction period of 8 and 12 h. Based on these data, sea catfish swim bladder can be used as an alternative raw material for collagen production because it has a higher thermal stability than mammalian collagen, also can be used in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries.
Population dynamics of eastern little tuna (Euthynnus affinis) in Ternate Waters
Authors: Tangke U , Laisouw R , Talib A , Husen Azis , Kota R , Umagap W A Z
Published: November 2021

Eastern little tuna production still depends on stocks from nature, so it is feared that if production continues to increase it will threaten the sustainability of tuna resources, therefore for the sake of sustainable management information is needed on population parameters so that research is carried out from January to April 2021 with the aim of assessing the dynamics of the population of these resources. The data collection procedure was carried out by measuring the total length of the fish caught per fishing trip for 4 months using a meter with a unit (centimeter) cm and an accuracy of 1 mm. The results of the research showed that tuna in the southern waters of Ternate Island had stable growth parameters including maximum length (L∞) 68.25 cm with a growth coefficient (K) of 0.25 per month, t0 -0.20, with total mortality, natural and fishing values respectively. respectively are 0.64, 0.43, 0.21 and the level of exploitation is 0.33 where this value indicates that the rate of exploitation is smaller so it is necessary to increase fishing effort until the optimum value reaches 0.38.
Analysis of hard coral condition on coral reef ecosystem in Ternate Island
Authors: Paembonan R E , Ismail F , Baddu S , Najamuddin  , Tahir I , Akbar N , Inayah  , Nurhayati A
Published: November 2021

Hard coral is a type of coral building structure in coral reef ecosystems. Hard coral is a coral reef entity that plays an important function in a coral reef ecosystem, especially related to physical and ecological functions in shallow marine waters environment. This study aimed to study percentages of coral cover, species life form, diversity index, dominance index, and distribution clusters of hard corals based on environmental parameters around Ternate Island. Hard coral cover sampling was carried out systematically using the underwater photo transect (UPT) method. The number of sampling stations were 30 location points with 750 photos. The method used for analyzing ecological conditions of hard corals was coral point count with excel extensions (CPCe). Environmental parameters measured included salinity, temperature, pH, brightness level, and dissolved oxygen. The distribution of hard coral clusters was analyzed statistically using the classify-hierarchical cluster. Study results showed that coral cover percentages ranged from 19% to 93% with an average cover of 67%, species diversity range was 7 to 40 species with an average of 19 species, diversity index (H ') with a value of 1.14 to 6.02 with an average of 2.07, dominance index (D) with a value of 0.13 to 0.53 with an average of 0.23. The results of the analysis of the distribution of hard corals consisted of four clusters. The study also found that distribution of hard coral clusters in Ternate Island was related to substrate topography.
Assessment of mangrove condition of Mare Island, North Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Tahir I , Kepel R C , Jamaluddin R
Published: November 2021

This work aimed to determine the condition of mangroves according to the species density and mangrove canopy cover in marine conservation area of Mare Gam Village, Mare Island. The data were collected using the nested quadrat line transect method. The level of species density was calculated based on the criteria for mangrove growth, namely seedlings, saplings and trees. The results showed that there were 9 types of mangroves, based on the value of species density and canopy cover, the condition of mangroves at the observation site was in the good and dense category.
Ecological characteristics of mangroves and coral reefs at Central Weda Sub-District, North Maluku
Authors: Lessy M R , Bemba J , Wahiddin N , Supyan  , Taeran I , Galitan Z
Published: November 2021

Increase of human activities on coastal area in Central Weda Sub-District has caused degradation of coastal ecosystems. Even though coastal ecosystems have an essential role in marine ecology, such as coral reefs and mangrove forests, they are sometimes undermined by economic or commercial interests. This study aimed to determine density and cover percentage of mangrove forests and coral reefs in Central Weda Sub-district, North Maluku. Data collection on coral reef ecosystem components was carried out by applying georeferenced photo-transect and line transect quadrat techniques. While for mangroves, data collection included species diversity and tree/canopy cover percentage. Study result showed that based on lifeform percentage of coral reefs, most of the study areas were in a good category with 23.95% coverage, moderate condition 39,5%, and poor condition 36.6%. The coral reefs in good and moderate conditions were found at location having relatively low human activities. Whereas percentage of mangrove cover from all stations ranged from 78,39 to 78,76% with Important Value Index ranging from 106,79% to 158,32%.
Development strategy for marine conservation area of Mare Island, Tidore Islands City
Authors: Baksir A , Wahidin N , Ohorela F
Published: November 2021

Mare Island is a strategic small island, both in its location and its natural resources. In the Regional Regulation of North Maluku Province Number 2 of 2018 concerning Zoning Plans for Coastal Areas and Small Islands of North Maluku Province for 2018-2038, Mare Island is designated as Coastal and Small Islands Conservation Areas. Furthermore, through the Decree of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries Affairs Number 66/KEPMEN-KP/2020, Mare Island has been designated as a Marine Conservation Area. The research aims to formulate a strategy for developing marine conservation areas on Mare Island. Field data collection was carried out in the form of observations, interviews and questionnaires, analysis of existing spatial conditions using the Geographic Information System (GIS), for strategy formulation using SWOT analysis tools after identifying various internal and external factors. external strategy, while the alternative strategy is continued by determining the priority of the strategy using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results showed that there were 11 alternative formulations of strategies for development of Mare Island marine conservation areas in order of priority: Improved conservation area management, Capacity building for government and community organizations, Implementation of Zoning Plans and Preparation of Detailed Spatial Plans, Economic empowerment and development of alternative livelihoods, Partnership network improvement, Improvement of tourism facilities and infrastructure, Collaboration of programs among local government offices, Structuring residential areas, Limiting the use of SDKP, Law enforcement and Development of sea and land transportation facilities.
An assessment of small islands coral cover and coral-reef fish diversity at Oba Sub-district, Halmahera Island
Authors: Ismail F , Akbar N , Tahir I , Paembonan R E , Marus I , Wibowo E S
Published: November 2021

Study on the percentage of coral cover four small islands of Oba Sub-district, Halmahera Island of North Maluku Utara Province was carried out in April 2021.The four small islands of Oba Sub-district studied are Woda Island, Raja Island, Tamin Island, and Guratu Island. The study applied systematic sampling method that included collecting coral reef data using UPT (Underwater Photo Transect) method and coral fish data collection using visual census method. Study results showed that live coral coverage of reefs on the four small islands of Oba Sub-district had the highest value of 5.415% and the lowest value of 4.29%. There was positive relationship between coral growth form diversity and fish diversity. High diversity of coral growth forms was significantly related to high diversity of target reef fish.
Population structure of Indian scad fish (Decapterus russelli) that was landed at the Nusantara Fishing Port of Ternate, North Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Ahmad A , Susanto A N , Hamisi Y J
Published: November 2021

Indian scad fish (Decapterus russelli) is a small pelagic fish species commonly caught in Indonesian seas. Excessive fishing efforts can cause population degradation, so it is necessary to understand its population structure. The purpose of this study was to analyze the population structure parameters of Indian scad fish, including growth parameters, cohort, and mortality. Sampling was done by Stratified Random Sampling method. Data analysis used the FISAT II application. Study results showed that there were 4 cohorts. The growth parameters of Indian scad fish obtained asymptote length (L∞) of 296.15 mm, coefficient of growth rate (K) of 0.60 per year, and initial age (t0) of -0.66 years. Value of coefficient of growth rate (K) indicated that growth of scad was relatively slow. The total mortality value (Z) was 0.51 per year, natural mortality (M) was 0.0034 per year, and fishing mortality (F) was 0.51 per year. So that the highest Indian scad fish mortality was caused by fishing mortality. The exploitation rate (E) was 1 per year, indicating that the Indian scad fish resources have been overexploited.
The effect of coal-fired power plant (CFPP) operations on food transfer Polonium-210 (210Po) in coastal ecosystem
Authors: Aryanti C A , Muslim  , Suseno H , Prihatiningsih W R
Published: November 2021

A coal-fired power plant (CFPP) is an option to cover a requirement of supply electrical energy, but in the process of operating, it can release several radionuclides. One of the radionuclides is 210Po which is one of the most radiotoxic natural radionuclides. 210Po radionuclides can move into the food web in marine ecosystems. The transfer of 210Po to marine ecosystems can be determined using a method of impact radiation doses on components of marine ecosystems such as plankton, coral, fish, molluscs, and crustacea. The results show that external and internal doses of 210Po were still below the screening level determined by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), thus does not have an impact on the marine organism ecosystem.
Study on suitability of Derawan Island as marine tourism destination towards development of sustainable tourism in the new capital city candidate of Indonesia
Authors: Simarangkir O R , Utami P B , Ricky  , Nani  , Tawang F , Irwan  , Kodiran T
Published: November 2021

Derawan Island is one of the leading tourist destinations in Kalimantan Timur Province which is a candidate for the new capital city of Indonesia. Marine tourism on Derawan Island relies on the potential of marine resources so that a suitability study is needed for the development of sustainable tourism. This study aims to determine the suitability of marine tourism, especially the interest in diving and snorkeling in sites of Derawan Island. Data collection was carried out by surveying in December 2020 at five snorkeling and six popular dive sites in Derawan Island. Data on coral community, the number of coral fish species, and the water quality parameters are used to analyze the suitability of marine tourism. Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method was used to collecting coral community data, Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method was used to collect data on the abundance of reef fish species, and in situ water quality parameters. Tourism suitability index formula (IKW) using the four classification marine tourism suitability matrix was used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis show the suitability index for diving tourism as a whole is in suitable to very suitable category, while the snorkeling tourism suitability index is in the suitable category.
Program for determination of zones of gold concentration on sluices of washing devices
Authors: Alekseev V S , Seryi R S
Published: November 2021

Currently sluice washing devices are the most common in alluvial gold mining. Their use provides a sufficiently high performance, relatively low power consumption, and acceptable recovery of valuable components. The theoretical provisions of traditional hydraulics make it possible to determine all the main parameters of the movement of particles of rocks and gold in the pulp, however, in real operating conditions of the sluice box, their actual values will differ greatly from the calculated ones, especially if there are solid fractions in the pulp with a particle size of more than 20 mm. This is explained by significant fluctuations in the values of the surface, average and bottom velocities of the two-phase flow, vertical pulsation velocity in conditions of constrained movement of the different fractional composition of rocks. The article presents the results of experimental studies to identify the dependence of the distance traveled by an individual gold particle and host rocks in a two-phase flow through a sluice, the bottom of which is lined with trapping coatings, on the design and technological parameters of the flushing device. The mathematical model for determining this distance formed the basis of the Gold Enriching program. The program allows, in a wide range of initial data, to determine the zones of concentration of gold of a certain size at the sluice boxes.
Bioindication of mercury pollution of the Amur River during the ice-covered period
Authors: Andreeva D V
Published: November 2021

The results of the layer-by-layer research of a river ice cores by using spectral and microbiological methods were presented. The impact of the mercury on sulfate-reducing bacteria activity from different layers of ice that had been sampled in March 2016 in the lower Amur River in Khabarovsk city was found. It was found that mercury concentration range of 0.0005-0.001 mg/l stimulated the sulfate-reducing bacteria activity, which were into the ice throughout the study area of the Amur River. To a large extent, this effect was typical for the ice that was sampled in the right bank of the Amur River near Khabarovsk city, where mercury pollution of the aquatic environment had been detected repeatedly. The activity of biogeochemical processes into the ice determined by high concentrations of organic substances, by the pollution of the aquatic environment with mercury during the ice cover formation, and by the abundance of cultivated heterotrophic and sulfate-reducing bacteria. During the ice drift and ice melting, the secondary pollution with toxic substances of various genesis of the aquatic environment occurs, which can have a negative impact on a hydrobionts.
Alien species of the Apiaceae family in the flora of Khabarovsk Territory (the Russian Far East)
Authors: Antonova L A
Published: November 2021

The results of studying alien species of the Apiaceae family in the flora of the Khabarovsk Territory are presented. According to our data, 13 alien species of this family, including the invasive species Pastinaca sylvestris are now widespread in the territory of the region. They differ in the degree of naturalization, phytocenotic confinement, and the intensity of settlement.
Comparative analysis of computer programs for hydraulic calculation of steam-water mixture in pipelines
Authors: Chermoshentseva A , Shulyupin A
Published: November 2021

In the practice of developing geothermal fields, it is necessary to forecast the flow parameters of the well and the pressure drop in the pipeline and need to decide on the optimal design for stable operation of the pipeline. At domestic facilities of geothermal energy, the hydraulic calculation of the steam-water mixture pipelines was carried out using the computer program MODEL developed by the authors of this work. New challenges and the emergence of stability theory led to the creation of the mathematical model SWIP (Steam-Water Inclining Pipeline). This paper presents a comparative analysis of two options for implementing the new model.
Municipal Districts in the System of Landscape-Ecological Zoning of the Northern Sikhote-Alin
Authors: Klimina E M , Ostroukhov A V
Published: November 2021

The process of landscape-ecological zoning of a large natural object makes it possible to represent spatial combinations of geosystems that perform the most important ecological functions. To preserve them at the level of municipal district government, it is necessary to identify ecologically significant landscapes that can be optimally used in the economy and at the same time being part of the regional system for preserving the natural environment. This is a case study of two municipal districts of Khabarovsk Territory – Vanino and Sovetskaya Gavan, their place in the landscape-ecological zoning of the Northern Sikhote-Alin, the dynamics of spatio-temporal changes in the categories of regional landscape-ecological zoning within these districts have been considered.
Forest Husbandry in the Khabarovsk Territory: Environmental Risks and Ways of Addressing Them
Authors: Kryukova M V
Published: November 2021

The Khabarovsk Territory is characterized by considerable reserves of the forest resources. Their share is 18 % of the forested area of the Far Eastern Federal District and 25 % of the timber reserves. In the region, the forestry sector is the branch of national economic specialization which is associated with the export orientation of the forestry products. In this paper, the factors that determine environmental risks during logging are analyzed, including a low level of control of felling, violations of technologies, rules and standards for felling in the main-use forests, an increase in a fire hazard, violation of the hydrological regime of rivers, the development of erosion processes, pollution of aquatic ecosystems, expansion of road networks, increased poaching pressure on previously inaccessible forest areas, etc. Environmental problems caused by these factors are associated with a decrease in the resources, the ecological functions and the biological diversity of forests, the destruction of possibilities for traditional forest management, and the destruction and transformation of historically formed ecosystems. An unbiased inventory of the forest resources, their quantity and quality assessment, a governmental monitoring of the state of forest ecosystems, support for alternative types of forest use (recreational, tourist, etc.) are of paramount importance in solving these problems.
Comparative study on windbreak effects of two different configuration shelterbelts
Authors: Li J , Dong S , Li Y
Published: November 2021

Pinus sylvestris, Artemisia ordosica, Tamarix chinensis Lour, Elaeagnus angustifolia and Salix matsudana Koidz were selected to design the models of forest belts. Through wind tunnel experiments, we analyzed the wind speed frequency, wind speed flow field and wind protection efficiency of two different configuration shelterbelts. The results showed the wind speed frequency of mixed shelterbelts was generally lower than that of single shelterbelts with the same configuration. The similarity of the average wind speed between No.1 A3 and No.2 C3 indicates that the windbreak effect of low-density arbor-shrub mixed shelterbelt was similar to that of high-density single shelterbelt. The average wind protection efficiency of No.1 A1 was similar to that of No.1 C2, indicating that the influence of density of pinus sylvestrison of wind protection efficiency is greater than the height of forest belt. the average wind protection efficiency of No. 2 A2 was 57.64%, which was similar to that of No. 2 B3, indicating that the height of the forest belt increased, and the influence of density on the protection effect of the forest belt decreased.Therefore, the wind protection ability of multi-species and highly hierarchical mixed forests was higher than that of single shelterbelt.
Research on the Evaluation of Investment Environment of Russia’s Key Cities
Authors: Liu Q , Dong S , Li F , Cheng H , Ji M
Published: November 2021

The resources and industries between the two largest neighbor countries (Russia and China) complement each other, the level of political mutual trust is high and the prospects for trade cooperation are broad. The selection of the best regions and the best industries to strengthen investment in Russia is of great strategic significance to the promotion of the “Belt and Road” and the construction of the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. However, the relevant research is very limited, and the current research on the investment environment in Russia is mostly at the provincial level. The unclear investment environment and unknown investment risks have severely restricted trade cooperation with Russia. The research team conducted several years of scientific investigations, government visits and scientific research in Russia, and obtained a large amount of first-hand valuable data. This study scientifically evaluated the investment environment of 16 key Russian cities in terms of economy, society, infrastructure, policies, etc., and classified the investment environment. The results of this research will provide direct scientific and technological support for strategic decisions such as strengthening bilateral economic and trade cooperation. It is an important reality for ensuring the smooth implementation of the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor.
Cities in newly-developed regions: features of shaping a sustainable development
Authors: Narbut N A
Published: November 2021

The main criterion for sustainable development in the world ultimately comes down to the ratio of disturbed and undisturbed areas within certain boundaries and compliance with particular conditions. These conditions can be met by considering the city area together with its suburbs. The presence of a suburban area and its characteristics depend on the stage of urbanization of the area. Newly-developed cities, being in the first stage of urbanization, have a sufficient amount of open space in both urban and suburban areas. This is an advantage in shaping sustainable development over the old-developed cities, which are in the second and third stages of urbanization. In these stages, urban agglomerations are formed, resulting in the shrinkage and sometimes complete disappearance of suburban areas. At the same time, industrial, transport and military facilities that have lost their functions in the process of de-industrialization, the downsizing of the urban kernel and the formation of a “secondary” free space, are being rehabilitated or completely eliminated. These activities are labour-intensive and costly, but they do help to increase some of the available space within the city and improve the environmental situation in the city.
Duration of the growing season (with stable air temperatures above 5 and 10 °C) in Eastern Transbaikalia
Authors: Noskova E V , Vakhnina I L
Published: November 2021

The timing and duration of the growing season is a significant factor affecting the sustainability of landscapes and the functioning of a number of sectors of the economy. As part of the work carried out on the geo-administrative regions of ZabUGMS on the territory of Eastern Transbaikalia for the period 1976-2018 a significant increase was revealed in the duration of the growing season (with stable air temperatures above 5 and 10 °C). The analysis of the dynamics of the dates of the onset of stable transitions in the spring and autumn periods is carried out.
Parklands of “Dynamo” park, “Naval Fleet Officers’ House” in the city of Khabarovsk and their ecological state
Authors: Roslikova V I , Matveenko T I
Published: November 2021

On the example of the park zones of the city of Khabarovsk (“Dynamo” and “House of officers of the fleet”), a variety of transformation of the soil cover and the formation of new preferred formations were revealed. The specificity of the state of the soil environment of two parks, located in e same type of engineering-geological conditions, but different variants of anthropogenic impact, is revealed. The changes in the structure of the profiles depending on the position of the soil in the elementary landscape are considered and their biological activity is characterized. The use of bioindication methods indicates that the most comfortable park areas of the city are also susceptible to contamination with heavy metals. It is proposed to use the characteristics of the basic parameters of the soil cover as a promising approach in improving the environment. This will reveal the ecological situation of the territory and make appropriate decisions to improve its condition.
Prospects of using photocatalysts for wastewater treatment at automotive repair plants
Authors: Zaitsev A V , Makarevich K S , Kaminsky O I
Published: November 2021

The paper shows the possibility of application of photocatalytic water treatment method as applied to model effluents of car repair plants containing ethylene glycol. The influence of functional components of automobile coolants on total efficiency of photooxidation was considered. It has been revealed that the presence of organic dyes in automobile coolants with absorption areas coinciding with the absorption areas of photocatalysts reduces the overall efficiency of photooxidation processes.
RETRACTED: Machining and corrosion studies on HfC reinforced ZE41 magnesium matrix composites
Authors: Sathish Kumar P , Gopal P , Senthilkumar T
Published: November 2021

In this paper, Hafnium Carbide (HfC) reinforced ZE41 Magnesium Matrix Composites (MMCs) were prepared by using stir casting method. Using three different reinforcement percentages of HfC such as 5%, 10% and 15% by wt., ZE41-HfC MMCs were prepared. The mechanical characteristics of ZE41-HfC MMCs were evaluated by subjecting them to tensile and surface micro-hardness studies. Using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) studies, chemical compounds formed in the interfacial layer between HfC & ZE41 Mg was observed. Using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the surface modifications in the composites due to HfC addition was studied. Using electron backscatter diffraction analysis (EBSD), the changes in particle grain sizes and orientation of ZE41-HfC MMCs were studied. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was used to identify the variations in elemental composition of the prepared ZE41-HfC MMCs. ZE41-HfC MMCs were subjected to drilling studies for identifying the variations in cutting forces. Using electrochemical studies, the corrosion resistance of ZE41-HfC MMCs was observed. SEM images of corroded ZE41-HfC MMCs revealed micro cracks and dense pits near HfC agglomerated region.
SuperMICE: An Ensemble Machine Learning Approach to Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations
Authors: Laqueur Hannah S , Shev Aaron B , Kagawa Rose M C
Published: November 2021

Researchers often face the problem of how to address missing data. Multiple imputation is a popular approach, with multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) being among the most common and flexible methods for execution. MICE iteratively fits a predictive model for each variable with missing values, conditional on other variables in the data. In theory, any imputation model can be used to predict the missing values. However, if the predictive models are incorrectly specified, they may produce biased estimates of the imputed data, yielding inconsistent parameter estimates and invalid inference. Given the set of modeling choices that must be made in conducting multiple imputation, in this paper we propose a data-adaptive approach to model selection. Specifically, we adapt MICE to incorporate an ensemble algorithm, Super Learner, to predict the conditional mean for each missing value, and we also incorporate a local kernel-based estimate of variance. We present a set of simulations indicating that this approach produces final parameter estimates with lower bias and better coverage than other commonly used imputation methods. These results suggest that using a flexible machine learning imputation approach can be useful in settings where data are missing at random, especially when the relationships among the variables are complex.
AI-based forecasting of ethanol fermentation using yeast morphological data
Authors: Itto-Nakama Kaori , Watanabe Shun , Kondo Naoko , Ohnuki Shinsuke , Kikuchi Ryota , Nakamura Toru , Ogasawara Wataru , Kasahara Ken , Ohya Yoshikazu
Published: November 2021

Several industries require getting information of products as soon as possible during fermentation. However, the trade-off between sensing speed and data quantity presents challenges for forecasting fermentation product yields. In this study, we tried to develop AI models to forecast ethanol yields in yeast fermentation cultures, using cell morphological data. Our platform involves the quick acquisition of yeast morphological images using a nonstaining protocol, extraction of high-dimensional morphological data using image processing software, and forecasting of ethanol yields via supervised machine learning. We found that the neural network algorithm produced the best performance, which had a coefficient of determination of >0.9 even at 30 and 60 min in the future. The model was validated using test data collected using the CalMorph-PC(10) system, which enables rapid image acquisition within 10 min. AI-based forecasting of product yields based on cell morphology will facilitate the management and stable production of desired biocommodities.
Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating Reversed-Phase Ultra High Pressure Liquid Chromatography Method for Assay of Delmopinol Hydrochloride and Estimation of Its Related Substances in Commercial Bulk Batches
Authors: Zhuang Jinyou , Rustum Abu M
Published: November 2021

Delmopinol hydrochloride is widely used as an active ingredient (AI) in many human oral hygiene products. To the best of our knowledge (via literature search), there is no stability-indicating liquid chromatography method available in the public domain for assay and estimation of related substances of Delmopinol hydrochloride. A fast stability-indicating Reversed-Phase Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-UHPLC) method has been developed and validated for identification, assay and estimation of related substances in commercial bulk batches of this AI. The major peak of the AI and its related compounds are adequately separated in 6 min by a gradient elution on a hybrid silica-based C18 column (Waters Acquity UPLC® BEH C18, 50mm × 2.1 mm I.D., 1.7 μm particle size) maintained at 50°C. Mobile phase-A is composed of aqueous 10 mM NH4OH and mobile phase-B is ACN. The AI and its related compounds are detected with UV detection at 220 nm and quantitated by an external Delmopinol hydrochloride reference standard. The quantitation limit of the method is 0.1% of the target analytical concentration. This UHPLC method is fast and green and has been demonstrated to be specific, accurate, linear, precise, sensitive and robust as per ICH guidelines.
A phase II, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Amiselimod in Patients with Moderate to Severe Active Crohn’s Disease
Authors: D’Haens Geert , Danese Silvio , Davies Martin , Watanabe Mamoru , Hibi Toshifumi
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims

Amiselimod is an oral selective S1P1 receptor modulator with potentially fewer adverse effects than fingolimod. We evaluated the safety, tolerability, and clinical efficacy of amiselimod in participants with moderate to severe active Crohn’s disease.

Methods

This was a phase IIa, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled study comparing amiselimod 0.4 mg with placebo over a 14-Week treatment period. The primary endpoint of the study was the proportion of participants with clinical response (Crohn’s Disease activity Index [CDAI] 100) from baseline at Week 12.

Results

A total of 180 patients were screened and 78 were randomised [40 to amiselimod 0.4 mg and 38 to placebo]. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients achieving CDAI 100 at Week 12 on amiselimod 0.4 mg and on placebo [48.7% vs. 54.1%, respectively] (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval]: 0.79 [0.31, 1.98]). The results from the secondary endpoint analyses supported the results of the primary endpoint analysis. Treatment with amiselimod 0.4 mg was generally well tolerated, with 71.8% of participants completing the 14-week treatment period. Seven participants had serious adverse events and four discontinued treatment in the amiselimod group.

Conclusions

Amiselimod 0.4 mg for 12 weeks was not superior to placebo for the induction of clinical response [CDAI 100] in Crohn’s disease. Treatment with amiselimod 0.4 mg was generally well tolerated and no new safety concerns related to amiselimod were reported in this study.
Prognosis of epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated stage I lung adenocarcinoma with radiologically solid features
Authors: Hattori Aritoshi , Matsunaga Takeshi , Fukui Mariko , Takamochi Kazuya , Suzuki Kenji
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES

The prognostic role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation remains controversial, especially in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma with a solid appearance. We evaluated the oncological outcomes of clinical stage I (c-stage I) radiologically invasive lung adenocarcinoma by EGFR mutation status.

METHODS

Between 2008 and 2013, the data from 463 surgically resected c-stage I radiologically invasive, i.e. solid-dominant lung adenocarcinomas subjected to EGFR mutant analysis, were evaluated. Oncological outcomes were assessed using multivariable Cox regression analysis. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and the log-rank test.

RESULTS

A total of 229 (49%) samples harboured the EGFR-mutant adenocarcinoma. Overall, the 5-year RFS did not differ significantly between the EGFR-mutant and EGFR wild-type groups (67.3% vs 64.9%; P = 0.639). However, among the clinical T1c/T2a tumour subset (n = 177), a multivariable Cox hazard model revealed that radiologically pure-solid tumour (P = 0.024), EGFR-mutant (P = 0.027) and pathological stage II/III (P < 0.001) were significant predictors of a poor RFS. Furthermore, in the c-T1c/T2a radiologically pure-solid lung adenocarcinoma subset, the EGFR-mutant group showed marginally lower 5-year RFS compared to that with the EGFR wild-type group (n = 134; 34.9% vs 53.0%; P = 0.062). Among them, multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that EGFR mutant (P = 0.037) and pathological stage II/III (P = 0.011) were independently and significantly prognostic for worse RFS.

CONCLUSIONS

Among the c-stage I radiologically invasive lung adenocarcinomas, the EGFR mutation-positive type was correlated with an increased risk of recurrence in the c-T1c/T2a radiologically pure-solid tumour subset. When considering the prognostic value of EGFR mutations in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, it is necessary to stratify them based on the presence of a ground-glass opacity component.
Pre-term delivery and long-term risk of heart failure in women: a national cohort and co-sibling study
Authors: Crump Casey , Sundquist Jan , McLaughlin Mary Ann , Dolan Siobhan M , Sieh Weiva , Sundquist Kristina
Published: November 2021

Aims

Women who deliver pre-term have higher future risks of hypertension and ischaemic heart disease, but long-term risks of heart failure (HF) are unknown. We examined these risks in a large national cohort.

Methods and results

All 2 201 284 women with a singleton delivery in Sweden during 1973–2015 were followed up for inpatient or outpatient HF diagnoses through 2015. Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) for HF associated with pregnancy duration, adjusting for other maternal factors. Co-sibling analyses assessed for confounding by shared familial (genetic and/or environmental) factors. In 48.2 million person-years of follow-up, 19 922 women were diagnosed with HF (median age: 60.7 years). Within 10 years after delivery, the adjusted HR was 2.96 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.48–3.53] for HF associated with pre-term (gestational age: <37 weeks) compared with full-term (39–41 weeks) delivery. Stratified HRs were 4.27 (2.54–7.17) for extremely pre-term (22–27 weeks), 3.39 (2.57–4.48) for moderately pre-term (28–33 weeks), 2.70 (2.19–3.32) for late pre-term (34–36 weeks), and 1.70 (1.45–1.98) for early term (37–38 weeks). These HRs declined but remained elevated at 10–19 years (pre-term vs. full term: HR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.94–2.46), 20–29 years (1.80; 1.67–1.95), and 30–43 years (1.56; 1.47–1.66) after delivery, and were not explained by shared familial factors.

Conclusion

Pre-term and early term delivery were associated with markedly increased future hazards for HF, which persisted after adjusting for other maternal and familial factors and remained elevated 40 years later. Pre-term and early-term delivery should be recognized as risk factors for HF across the life course.

Key Question

What are the long-term hazards for heart failure (HF) across the life course in women who deliver preterm?

Key Finding

Preterm and early term delivery were associated with ∼3- and 1.7-fold adjusted hazards for HF in the next 10 years vs. full-term delivery. These hazards declined but remained elevated 40 years later, and were not explained by shared familial factors.

Take Home Message

Preterm and early term delivery were associated with increased future hazards for HF, which persisted for 40 years after adjusting for other maternal and familial factors. Preterm and early term delivery should be recognized as lifelong risk factors for HF.
Miniseries 1—Part III: ‘Behind the scenes’ in the triangle of Koch
Authors: Tretter Justin T , Spicer Diane E , Sánchez-Quintana Damián , Back Sternick Eduardo , Farré Jerónimo , Anderson Robert H
Published: November 2021

Aims

To take full advantage of the knowledge of cardiac anatomy, structures should be considered in their correct attitudinal orientation. Our aim was to discuss the triangle of Koch in an attitudinally appropriate fashion.

Methods and results

We reviewed our material prepared by histological sectioning, along with computed tomographic datasets of human hearts. The triangle of Koch is the right atrial surface of the inferior pyramidal space, being bordered by the tendon of Todaro and the hinge of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve, with its base at the inferior cavotricuspid isthmus. The fibro-adipose tissues of the inferior pyramidal space separate the atrial wall from the crest of the muscular interventricular septum, thus producing an atrioventricular muscular sandwich. The overall area is better approached as a pyramid rather than a triangle. The apex of the inferior pyramidal space overlaps the infero-septal recess of the subaortic outflow tract, permitting the atrioventricular conduction axis to transition directly to the crest of the muscular ventricular septum. The compact atrioventricular node is formed at the apex of the pyramid by union of its inferior extensions, which represent the slow pathway, with the septal components formed in the buttress of the atrial septum, thus providing the fast pathway.

Conclusions

To understand its various implications in current cardiological catheter interventions, the triangle of Koch must be considered in conjunction with the inferior pyramidal space and the infero-septal recess. It is better to consider the overall region in terms of a pyramidal area of interest.
Miniseries 1—Part IV: How frequent are fasciculo-ventricular connections in the normal heart?
Authors: Macías Yolanda , Tretter Justin T , Anderson Robert H , Sánchez-Quintana Damián , Soares Correa Frederico , Farré Jerónimo , Back Sternick Eduardo
Published: November 2021

Aims

Seeking to account for accessory atrioventricular conduction potentially leading to ventricular pre-excitation, Mahaim in the mid-20th century had described pathways between the atrioventricular conduction axis and the muscular ventricular septum. We aimed to look for such ‘paraspecific’ connections in adult human hearts.

Methods and results

We serially sectioned 21 hearts, covering the triangle of Koch and the aortic root, and assessing the atrioventricular node, the penetration of the conduction axis, and the bundle branches in our search for fasciculo-ventricular connections. We also calculated the length of the non-branching bundle, and if present the origin of the fasciculo-ventricular connections. The non-branching bundle was 3.6 ± 1.7 mmin length, varying from 1.7 mm to 7.2 mm. Fasciculo-ventricular connections were found in more than half of the hearts, making direct contact with the muscular septum at an average of 3.5 ± 1.7 mm from the origin of the left bundle branch, with the site of origin varying from 1.1 mm to 5.5 mm from the first fascicle of the left bundle branch. In three hearts, additional fasciculo-fascicular connections were observed in the left bundle branch. Two loops were small, but one loop extended over 9.5 mm.

Conclusion

We endorse the finding of Mahaim that fasciculo-ventricular pathways exist in most human hearts. We presume the identified connections had the capability of producing ventricular pre-excitation. More studies are needed to determine the potential clinical manifestations.