bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEIS1-mediated Apoptosis via TNFR1 in Endometriosis
Authors: Wang Wenwen , Fu Fangfang , Li Yan , Li Sha , Yuan Ming , Wang Tian , Ren Wu , Wei Jia , Chen Dan , Wang Shixuan , Ma Xiangyi , Wu Zhangying
Published: February 2025

Abnormal apoptosis both maintains endometrial cell growth and induces endometrial pathogenesis. The etiology of endometriosis is unclear and no treatment is curative. Therefore, the aim herein was to identify genes involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Using the data from our previous results and RNA sequencing data of normal endometrial tissue and ovarian endometrioma (OMA) tissue, along with Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset on endometriosis, we identified an apoptotic-related gene, meis homeobox I (MEIS1). Normal endometrium, eutopic endometrium and ectopic endometriotic tissues were used to detect MEIS1. Primary normal endometrial and eutopic endometrial stromal cells were isolated and cultured for exploring the function of MEIS1 and related pathways. A mouse endometriosis model was used to verify the therapeutic effects of MEIS1. The mRNA and protein of MEIS1 in tissues from patients with endometriosis were decreased. Overexpression of MEIS1 induced the apoptosis of primary eutopic endometrium stromal cells by regulating TNFR1. Using Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) assay and EdU assay, we found that knockdown of MEIS1 promoted the proliferation of primary normal endometrium stromal cells. We also observe that upregulated MEIS1 may lead to caspase pathway activation, promoting endometrial cell apoptosis. Furthermore, MEIS1 lentivirus inhibited endometriotic lesion formation and induced apoptosis in the mouse endometriosis model. These cumulative findings suggest that MEIS1 may mediate apoptosis by initiating TNFR1 in endometrial cells via the caspase pathway.
Dialectology and the Linguistic Atlas Project
Authors: Burkette Allison
Published: February 2025

People from different places use different words for things, even everyday things such as carbonated beverages (e.g. soda, coke, pop) or bread roll-based sandwiches (e.g. hoagie, grinder, sub). Regional variation in vocabulary is one of the foci of dialectology, a subfield of linguistics that examines the geographic distribution of specific words, along with distributions of different pronunciations and grammatical constructions. This Element will provide readers with a basic understanding of traditional dialectological study and will demonstrate through examples (audio, text, maps) how Linguistic Atlas Project research has changed and expanded over time. Readers will be introduced to the key concepts of dialectology with a focus on the North American Linguistic Atlas Project (LAP) and its materials. This Element will also discuss today's LAP with reference to third-wave sociolinguistics, outlining the ways in which the LAP has changed over time to meet the needs and goals of contemporary sociolinguistic study.
Delayed recognition of mpox on an inpatient psychiatric unit: a case report and investigation
Authors: Malik Waleed , Dosovitz Simon , Whitehouse Jonathan , Reza Nafisa , Khan Sharmin , Chan Justin
Published: February 2025

This report describes a delayed recognition of mpox in a patient admitted to an inpatient psychiatry unit, resulting in potential exposures to staff and patients. We detail the investigation and risk mitigation efforts and emphasize the importance of prompt identification and isolation in congregate healthcare settings to prevent transmission.
Elastic turbulence in space
Authors: Ostilla-Mónico Rodolfo
Published: February 2025

Using an analogy between elastic and magnetic effects, Lin et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 1000, 2024, R3) use viscoelastic Taylor–Couette flow (TCF) to examine the origin of turbulent mixing in accretion disks. Through direct numerical simulations, the authors find that, unlike the Newtonian case with a similar configuration, turbulence is sustained even at the lowest Reynolds numbers examined and that turbulent mixing is provided through elastic and non-hydrodynamic contributions. By comparing the torque scaling laws obtained with those in magnetized TCF, the authors are able to further support the elastic–magnetic analogy. These findings open new avenues for understanding angular momentum transport and instability mechanisms in both laboratory and astrophysical contexts.
Tombs as Evidence of Religious Diversity in the Sacred Valley, Peru (ca. AD 1000–1532)
Authors: Earle Julia E.
Published: February 2025

This article articulates a regional, diachronic approach to precontact central Andean tombs by interpreting differences in materiality and function as evidence for distinct religious traditions. I analyze a sample of 788 tombs from 30 sites in the Sacred Valley and adjacent tributary valleys (Cusco, Peru), built and used during the Late Intermediate and Inka periods (ca. AD 1000–1532). Combining primary and published datasets, this sample includes a wide variety of tombs that variably facilitated or impeded certain interactions and relationships between the living, the dead, and the environment. To understand this diversity, I develop a typology comprising six tomb types based on morphological traits, which exhibit overlapping distribution patterns at local and regional scales. In contrast to studies that emphasized commonality and timelessness in central Andean mortuary practices, these data attest to considerable diversity in belief and value systems during half a millennium. As such, this study challenges existing models and presents new interpretations of late precontact tombs, considering that central Andeans across time and space held divergent beliefs about life and death. Recognizing diversity in past and present Indigenous societies is required for an empirical and decolonial archaeology that rejects stereotypes of cultural homogeneity.
Digital trophies: using social media to assess wildlife crime in Lebanon
Authors: Raine André F. , Gregg Jason , Scott Lloyd , Hirschfeld Axel , Ramadan-Jaradi Ghassan , Bamberghi Filippo
Published: February 2025

Illegal hunting of migratory birds across the Mediterranean region is a serious international conservation issue with population-level impacts. We analysed photographs posted on social media platforms to assess the bird species illegally targeted in Lebanon. During 2011–2023 we reviewed 1,844 photographs publicly posted by poachers on Facebook and Instagram. In these images we identified 212 bird species, of which 94% are legally protected. Many are species of conservation concern, with 19 listed as threatened or Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List and 33% experiencing population declines in Europe. The five bird species with the most individuals illegally killed were the barn swallow Hirundo rustica, blackcap Sylvia atricapilla, European bee-eater Merops apiaster, Eurasian golden oriole Oriolus oriolus and ortolan bunting Emberiza hortulana. Raptors and other large soaring birds were particularly prevalent, with 35 species of raptor (particularly the European honey-buzzard Pernis apivorus, Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus, common kestrel Falco tinnunculus, short-toed snake-eagle Circaetus gallicus and Levant sparrowhawk Accipiter brevipes) as well as storks, pelicans and cranes. Protected mammals were also posted as trophies, including the Near Threatened striped hyaena Hyaena hyaena. Poachers were present in 44% of photographs and were clearly identifiable 89% of the time, showing little concern about posting illegal activities on publicly accessible social media platforms. Our study is the first to use social media as a tool for assessing illegal hunting activities in Lebanon. We discuss both the use and limitations of this approach, as well as the ways in which social media can be utilized by law enforcement, to promote legal hunting or hunting alternatives and improve conservation education.
Designing and evaluating alternative livelihoods for shark conservation: a case study on thresher sharks in Alor Island, Indonesia
Authors: Shidqi Rafid A. , Sari Dewi R. , Alopen Jeheskiel , Bang Yodhikson M. , Arianto Igo , Kopong Primiaty N. S. , TD Vivekananda Gitandjali , Smulders Etoile , Booth Hollie
Published: February 2025

The pelagic thresher shark Alopias pelagicus is an Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered species primarily threatened by overfishing. Indonesia is the world's largest shark fishing nation, and in Alor Island, thresher sharks have been a primary target for small-scale fishing communities for decades, sustaining subsistence livelihoods and serving as a protein source. With thresher shark populations continuously declining, there is a need for conservation measures to reduce shark mortality from fishing, while also securing the well-being of coastal communities. This study presents results and lessons learnt from a multi-faceted effort to reduce communities’ dependence on this Endangered shark species through a livelihood-based intervention complemented by collaborative species management and community outreach. Using a theory-based and statistical research design, we describe the approach taken in our intervention and its conservation outcomes. Total thresher shark catches were 91% lower among fishers who participated in our intervention compared to non-participants. Participating fishers also experienced increases in their income, in some cases by up to 525% relative to the income before the intervention. Occasional violations and challenges in the form of socio-political conflicts also occurred, yet these incidents acted as catalysts for regulatory change and reinforced stakeholder collaboration. This suggests overall positive outcomes and the potential for continued social change in shark conservation in the region over the long term. Our findings outline some generalizable lessons learnt for designing and implementing bottom-up livelihood-based interventions in other contexts.
“As a former National Socialist … I suffered most severely.” How National Socialists’ Atonement Work Became a Reconstruction Myth
Authors: Tschiggerl Martin , von der Hude Lea , Seifner Patricia
Published: February 2025

Due to severe shortages of volunteer labor for repairing the damage immediately after World War II, the provisional Austrian federal government decided in September 1945 to make work compulsory, primarily for former National Socialists. As a result, these individuals were forced to perform a wide variety of reconstruction work over a period of two years. These workers subsequently sued the Republic of Austria for compensation payments and received a favorable ruling from the Supreme Court in 1951. The work of these conscripted former National Socialists was increasingly forgotten as the years went on, and, therefore, toward the end of the twentieth century, a form of “Trümmerfrauen” myth emerged in Austria. According to this myth, the immediate repair of war damage was mainly carried out by volunteer women. This article examines for the first time the people that worked in the removal of rubble in 1945 and 1946, how they described their work afterward, and how this compulsory labor gave rise to a positive reconstruction myth of voluntary women’s work.
Challenges in inflected word processing for L2 speakers
Authors: Salmela Rosa , Lehtonen Minna , Vainio Seppo , Bertram Raymond
Published: February 2025

Morphological knowledge refers to the ability to recognize and use morphemes correctly in syntactic contexts and word formation. This is crucial for learning a morphologically rich language like Finnish, which features both agglutinative and fusional morphology. In Finnish, agglutination occurs in forms like aamu: aamu+lla (‘morning: in the morning’), where a suffix is transparently added. Fusional features, as seen in ilta: illa+lla (‘evening: in the evening’), involve allomorphic stem changes that reduce transparency. We investigated the challenges posed by stem allomorphy for word recognition in isolation and in context for L2 learners and L1 speakers of Finnish. In a lexical decision task, L2 speakers had longer response times and higher error rates for semitransparent inflections, while L1 speakers showed longer response times for both transparent and semitransparent inflection types. In sentence reading, L2 speakers exhibited longer fixation times for semitransparent forms, whereas L1 speakers showed no significant effects. The results suggest that the challenges in L2 inflectional processing are more related to fusional than agglutinative features of the Finnish language.
Preface: Advances in Homotopy Type Theory
Authors: Altenkirch Thorsten , van den Berg Benno , Gambino Nicola , Maietti Maria Emilia
Published: February 2025

We give a brief overview of the special issue of MSCS “Advances in Homotopy Type Theory.”
Good citizens: legitimization strategies of new religious movements in Israel
Authors: Ben-Porat Guy , Huss Boaz
Published: February 2025

The presence of new religious movements (NRMs) is often fraught with tensions and confrontations. Depicted as foreign elements and “cults” they face opposition demanding to restrict their activities. NRMs in Israel, despite small numbers, raised concerns and objections, attributed among other things to the dominance and power of Orthodox religion. Gradually, however NRMs managed to establish themselves in Israel and to successfully deflect the opposition to their presence. In this work, based on interviews and media reports, we explore two strategies that enabled the movements in Israel to minimize rejection and opposition to their presence. The first, based on a republican concept of citizenship, included the adoption of Zionist ideology and taking part in settlement ethos and military service. The second, based on neoliberal concept of citizenship, fits well with more current trends in Israel, offers paths to economic advancement and social mobilization through education and ethos of success.
A Nanoindentation Study of Attenuation in Geological Materials
Authors: Badt Nir Z. , Maor Ron , Goldsby David L.
Published: February 2025

The dissipation of elastic strain energy, or attenuation, in Earth materials contributes to a range of geophysical phenomena, such as the damping of seismic waves and tidal heating of planetary bodies. We present a new method for measuring attenuation in single crystals of minerals and in reference materials over a frequency range of 1–10−4 Hz via nanoindentation. In the experiments, we measure the phase lag between a sinusoidal load applied to the nanoindenter tip and the sinusoidal displacement of the tip into and out of the tested sample, which provides a measure of the inverse quality factor Q−1, or attenuation, of the sample. Experiments were conducted on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), indium, halite, olivine and quartz. Attenuation spectra from our tests on PMMA and indium are in excellent agreement with reported values from previous studies. We quantified the natural damping of the nanoindenter and showed that it becomes comparable to that of the samples only at frequencies greater than 0.1 Hz, and is much less than that of the samples at frequencies below 0.1 Hz.
Overlooked Contribution of Salt Lake Emissions: A Case Study of Dust Deposition From the Qinghai‐Xizang Plateau
Authors: Zhu Haixia , Li Wenxia , Kong Xiangrui , Zhang Xiying
Published: February 2025

The Qaidam Basin in the Northeastern Qinghai‐Xizang Plateau, characterized by its numerous salt lakes and fragile ecosystem, is increasingly impacted by salt dust emissions. To evaluate the impact of salt dust on environment, monthly dust samples were collected from six monitoring stations between January 2020 and March 2023 and analyzed for dust and salt dust deposition flux (DF), mineral composition, water‐soluble ions, trace elements, and carbonaceous content. The study used backward trajectory modeling, Pearson correlation, enrichment factor (EF) analysis, and positive matrix factorization (PMF) to quantify salt lake contributions to atmospheric dust. Results revealed that halite and gypsum content ranged from 0 to 47 wt%, with salt dust deposition flux (SDF) varying between 0 and 2.54 g/m2·30d. Key soluble ions included non‐playa salt sulfate (nps‐SO42−), playa salt chloride (ps‐Cl−), and sodium (ps‐Na+). Trace elements such as iron, aluminum, silicon, and titanium originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources. The organic carbon to element carbon (OC/EC) ratio and PMF model pointed to vehicle emissions, coal combustion, and biomass burning as major pollution sources, particularly in urban areas. PMF analysis showed that salt lakes contributed 5.23%–29.76% of total dust mass, aligning with changes in soluble ion and halite gypsum content. As the region is a key source of river systems, the soluble salts in dust pose risks to glaciers and freshwater resources. These findings highlight the substantial impact of inland salt aerosols in arid inland regions, emphasizing that their contribution to atmospheric processes is significant and should not be overlooked.
δ11B Variability in Ammonia parkinsoniana and Implications for Paleo‐pH in Coastal Margins
Authors: Hardage Kyle , Wang Tzu‐Hao , Liu Hou‐Chun , You Chen‐Feng , Herrera‐Silveira Jorge A. , Street Joseph H. , Paytan Adina
Published: February 2025

Boron isotopes have been used to reconstruct marine pH but less frequently in marginal marine environments (lagoons, coastal shelves), where paleo‐archives are abundant. The dynamic nature of these systems complicates environmental reconstruction, requiring a multi‐proxy approach to constrain changes in conditions. Celestun Lagoon (Yucatan, Mexico), influenced by mixing groundwater and seawater, offers a unique setting to explore such systems. We analyzed salinity (87Sr/86Sr, δ18O), temperature (δ18O, Mg/Ca), and respiration (δ13C, weight% organic C) proxies alongside δ11B and B/Ca in calcite of infaunal foraminifera Ammonia parkinsoniana. Results revealed spatial variability in δ11Bcalcite along the lagoon salinity gradient, ranging from 8.06 to 18.53‰, with higher δ11B variability near groundwater discharge and seagrass beds. This suggests low‐pH, high‐DIC groundwater and primary production influence the δ11B signature. Low concentrations of dissolved [B], [Mg], and [Ca] in groundwater shift the dissociation constant pKB* and possibly the fractionation factor αB. Notably, some δ11Bcalcite values (8.06‰) were lower than expected (11.0‰), suggesting complex influences from source δ11Bwater, pKB*, or dietary carbon with distinct boron signatures. Despite variability, foraminifera δ11Bcalcite (mean ± SD = 13.22 ± 3.41‰, n = 21) aligned with calculated mean δ11Bborate (13.64 ± 1.55‰, n = 19), supporting potential use of δ11B for paleo‐pH reconstructions in marginal marine settings. However, a large sample size may be required to capture average conditions. These findings emphasize the need for more studies to constrain boron isotopes in marginal marine environments which are critical for interpreting paleo‐archives in continental shelves and shallow seas.
High-power-efficiency and ultra-long-lifetime white OLEDs empowered by robust blue multi-resonance TADF emitters
Authors: Chen Guohao , Miao Jingsheng , Huang Xingyu , Zhang Zhenghao , Xue Zhuixing , Huang Manli , Li Nengquan , Cao Xiaosong , Zou Yang , Yang Chuluo
Published: February 2025

Abstracts

White organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) show very promising as next-generation light-sources, but achieving high power efficiency (PE) and long operational lifetime remains challenging because of the lack of stable blue emitters that can harvest all triplet (T1) excitons for light emission. Herein, we propose integrating stable azure multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent (MR-TADF) emitters into tri-color hybrid WOLEDs to tackle these issues. By meticulously selecting MR-TADF emitters and precisely tuning the exciton recombination zone, the optimized tri-color devices based on BCzBN-3B achieve color-stable white light emission with maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) and maximum PE (PEmax) of 34.4% and 101.8 lm W−1, respectively. Furthermore, the LT90, defined as the time for the luminance to drop to 90% of its initial value at 1000 cd m−2, reaches 761 h. In addition, a hybrid WOLED with deep blue emitter developed using our strategy achieves a high color rendering index of 88 and an EQEmax of 30.6%, further demonstrating the versatility and effectiveness of our approach. The record-breaking efficiency and ultra-long lifetime underscore the success of hybrid white-light devices by incorporating robust blue MR-TADF emitters. These advancements open new avenues for commercialization of hybrid WOLEDs, presenting promising solutions for energy-efficient lighting and display technologies.
Feasibility and efficacy of therapeutic drug monitoring of abiraterone in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients
Authors: van der Kleij Maud B. A. , Meertens Marinda , Groenland Stefanie L. , Kordes Sil , Bergman Andries M. , de Feijter Jeantine M. , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Steeghs Neeltje ,   on behalf of the Dutch Pharmacology Oncology Group (DPOG), van der Kleij Maud B. A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Previous studies demonstrated better outcomes for mCRPC (metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer) patients with higher abiraterone exposure (minimal plasma concentration (Cmin) > 8.4 ng/mL), but around 40% of patients experience exposure below this target. Pharmacokinetic (PK)-guided interventions following Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) could optimise exposure and outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effect on treatment outcomes of abiraterone TDM.

Methods

Patients with low exposure levels (Low-group, Cmin < 8.4 ng/mL) got a PK-guided intervention. We compared exposure, adverse event (AE) incidence, time on treatment (ToT) and Prostate-Specific Antigen response rate (PSArr) between the Low-group and Adequate-group.

Results

We included 167 mCRPC patients, with 56 in the Adequate-group and 111 in the Low-group. Interventions were successful 86% of the time. Exposure between groups became corresponding (Low-group: 7.95 to 20.5 ng/mL, Adequate-group: 20.8 ng/mL, p = 0.72) with comparable AE incidence (17% vs. 23%, p = 0.4). Median ToT and PSArr were similar (351 vs. 379 days, p = 0.35; 61.3% vs. 67.9%, p = 0.51).

Conclusions

PK-guided interventions improved above target exposure from 33.5% to 81.4% of patients without additional AEs. While historically, low exposure patients had significantly shorter survival, PK-guided interventions eliminated this disparity. As interventions are effective, low-cost and safe, TDM for abiraterone should be considered to enhance treatment outcomes.
Benchmarking the translational potential of spatial gene expression prediction from histology
Authors: Wang Chuhan , Chan Adam S. , Fu Xiaohang , Ghazanfar Shila , Kim Jinman , Patrick Ellis , Yang Jean Y. H.
Published: February 2025

Spatial transcriptomics has enabled the quantification of gene expression at spatial coordinates across a tissue, offering crucial insights into molecular underpinnings of diseases. In light of this, several methods predicting spatial gene expression from paired histology images have provided the opportunity to enhance the utility of obtainable and cost-effective haematoxylin-and-eosin-stained histology images. To this end, we conduct a comprehensive benchmarking study encompassing eleven methods for predicting spatial gene expression with histology images. These methods are reproduced and evaluated using five Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics datasets, followed by external validation using The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Our evaluation incorporates diverse metrics which capture the performance of predicted gene expression, model generalisability, translational potential, usability and computational efficiency of each method. Our findings demonstrate the capacity of the methods to predict spatial gene expression from histology and highlight areas that can be addressed to support the advancement of this emerging field.
A pathogen effector HaRxL10 hijacks the circadian clock component CHE to perturb both plant development and immunity
Authors: Fu Mengyao , Zhou Yaoyu , Zhang Xin , Yang Keyi , Xu Yufeng , Wang Xingwei , Chen Zhaodan , Wang Yu , Shi Yabo , Ma Lin , Liu Hanguang , Deng Yuhua , Cheng Shujing , Chu Jinfang , Song Jingyi , Sun Tongjun , Wang Yuanchao , Wang Wei , Zhou Mian
Published: February 2025

The intertwining between the life cycle of plants and their pathogens made the plant circadian clock an integral constituent of the plant immune system. Reciprocally, pathogens were also found to perturb the expression pattern of certain clock genes. However, how pathogens influence clock components remains largely unknown. Here we show that an oomycete effector HaRxL10 directly targets Arabidopsis central clock component CCA1 HIKING EXPEDITION (CHE) to manipulate its function. HaRxL10 stabilises CHE by disrupting E3 ligase ZEITLUPE-mediated CHE protein degradation. Surprisingly, the accumulation of CHE does not enhance but rather suppresses CHE function, inhibiting its binding to the downstream gene promoter. HaRxL10 triggers reprogramming of the transcriptome including expression of genes related to circadian oscillations. Moreover, HaRxL10 hijacks CHE to repress plant immunity and manipulate physiological processes, including hypocotyl growth and flowering. Taken together, our study discovers the first plant pathogen effector that directly targets a plant circadian clock component and elucidates the underlying molecular mechanism.
Marine protected areas for dive tourism
Authors: Cabral Reniel B. , Millage Katherine D. , Mayorga Juan , Kordell Tia , Kelkar Mukta , Caughman Alicia M. , Favoretto Fabio , Schuhbauer Anna , Aburto-Oropeza Octavio , Sala Enric , Bradley Darcy
Published: February 2025

Marine and coastal tourism deliver economic benefits to coastal communities that far surpass those generated by fisheries, yet its potential contribution to global marine conservation remains underexamined. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) help restore biodiversity and enhance nearby fisheries, but their direct tourism benefits are not well understood. Here, we estimate the global demand for recreational scuba dive tourism, map the distribution and protection status of all marine dive sites globally, and develop a bioeconomic model to estimate the revenue gains from upgrading unprotected dive sites to fully protected MPAs. We estimate that 33.1 million scuba dives occur annually in marine environments worldwide, with 70% taking place within MPAs. However, only 15% of these MPA-affiliated dive sites are highly or fully protected. We show that designating all unprotected recreational dive sites, representing less than 1% of the global ocean, as highly or fully protected MPAs would improve fish biomass and biodiversity while generating an additional US$2 billion per year in direct tourism revenue (not including economic multipliers). Importantly, 62% of marine diving currently occurs in developing countries, underscoring the potential for dive tourism to support both marine conservation and local livelihoods in regions where such benefits are most needed.
Connectivity enhances resilience of marine forests after an extreme event
Authors: Vranken Sofie , Wernberg Thomas , Scheben Armin , Pessarrodona Albert , Batley Jacqueline , Coleman Melinda Ann
Published: February 2025

The resilience of populations to extreme climatic events comprises the resistance to withstand and the ability to recover, which depends on factors such as remaining genetic diversity and population connectivity. In 2011, a MHW caused a 100 km range contraction of kelp (Ecklonia radiata) off Western Australia, but recently recovering kelp forests were discovered. To understand mechanisms of recovery and determine if recovering populations are survivors or immigrants, we used genotyping-by-sequencing to assess patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity. We found that two of the three recovering kelp forests (PG1 and 2) were likely survivors whereas a third smaller population (PGCr 1) was likely produced through re-colonisation from nearby surviving forests. Connectivity was high among populations and migration analysis identified one population (Horrocks) as the most important source for the recovering kelps. All recovering populations had higher neutral genetic diversity, and similar putative adaptive diversity to surrounding surviving populations, suggesting local adaptation. Our results elucidate how mixed processes can contribute to kelp forest resilience following MHWs but cryptic survival and maintenance of population connectivity is key to recovery.
An efficient multi-objective parrot optimizer for global and engineering optimization problems
Authors: Saad Mohammed R. , Emam Marwa M. , Houssein Essam H.
Published: February 2025

The Parrot Optimizer (PO) has recently emerged as a powerful algorithm for single-objective optimization, known for its strong global search capabilities. This study extends PO into the Multi-Objective Parrot Optimizer (MOPO), tailored for multi-objective optimization (MOO) problems. MOPO integrates an outward archive to preserve Pareto optimal solutions, inspired by the search behavior of Pyrrhura Molinae parrots. Its performance is validated on the Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2020 (CEC’2020) multi-objective benchmark suite. Additionally, extensive testing on four constrained engineering design challenges and eight popular confined and unconstrained test cases proves MOPO’s superiority. Moreover, the real-world multi-objective optimization of helical coil springs for automotive applications is conducted to depict the reliability of the proposed MOPO in solving practical problems. Comparative analysis was performed with seven recently published, state-of-the-art algorithms chosen for their proven effectiveness and representation of the current research landscape-Improved Multi-Objective Manta-Ray Foraging Optimization (IMOMRFO), Multi-Objective Gorilla Troops Optimizer (MOGTO), Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer (MOGWO), Multi-Objective Whale Optimization Algorithm (MOWOA), Multi-Objective Slime Mold Algorithm (MOSMA), Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO), and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). The results indicate that MOPO consistently outperforms these algorithms across several key metrics, including Pareto Set Proximity (PSP), Inverted Generational Distance in Decision Space (IGDX), Hypervolume (HV), Generational Distance (GD), spacing, and maximum spread, confirming its potential as a robust method for addressing complex MOO problems.
Effect of pH and buffer on substrate binding and catalysis by cis-aconitate decarboxylase
Authors: Zhao Mingming , Chen Chutao , Blankenfeldt Wulf , Pessler Frank , Büssow Konrad
Published: February 2025

cis-Aconitate decarboxylase (ACOD1, CAD, IRG1) catalyses the synthesis of itaconic acid in activated myeloid cells such as macrophages. Several histidine residues in the active site bind the substrate and enable the decarboxylation reaction. The in vitro activity of ACOD1 enzymes is commonly determined by incubation with substrate, followed by HPLC measurement of itaconic acid production. Phosphate buffers have often been used for this assay. However, the influence of buffer type on enzyme activity has not been investigated. Here, the effect of buffer and pH on enzyme kinetics of human and mouse ACOD1 and Aspergillus terreus CAD was investigated. It was found that high concentrations of phosphate inhibit the three enzymes. An alternative buffer was selected and the assay was adapted to the 96-well microtitre plate format for increased throughput. Enzyme kinetics were determined in the pH range of 5.5–8.25. A strong increase of K
M values was observed between the physiologically relevant pH values 7.5 and 8.25. The data indicate that more than one histidine residue needs to be protonated in the active site for binding the substrate.
Hydroclimate intensification likely aided glacier survival on Svalbard in the Early Holocene
Authors: Auer Andreea Gabriela , van der Bilt Willem G. M. , Schomacker Anders , Bakke Jostein , Støren Eivind W. N. , Buckby Joseph M. , Cederstrøm Jan Magne , van der Plas Sander
Published: February 2025

Accelerated Arctic warming and wetting has global impacts, as the region’s glaciers and ice caps respond to variations in temperature and precipitation, impacting global sea-level change. But as the observations needed to calibrate models are scarce, predictions cannot confirm if increases in snowfall can help offset melt. Here, we analyze two 14,000-year-long glacier-fed lake sediment records from the Svalbard archipelago to examine the response of a resilient ice cap (Åsgardfonna) to warmer-than-present Holocene Thermal Maximum conditions. End-Member Modelling allowed us to unmix the diluted grain size signal of rock flour – a widely used proxy for past glacier change, and surface runoff – an indicator of hydrological intensification. Our findings reveal that Åsgardfonna survived and may have advanced despite warmer conditions, possibly due to enhanced snowfall driven by sea-ice loss. This suggests that future increases in precipitation could moderate glacier retreat in similar settings.
Mitochondrial DNA removal is essential for sperm development and activity
Authors: Chen Zhe , Zhang Fan , Lee Annie , Yamine Michaela , Wang Zong-Heng , Zhang Guofeng , Combs Christian , Xu Hong
Published: February 2025

Active mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) elimination during spermatogenesis has emerged as a conserved mechanism ensuring the uniparental mitochondrial inheritance in animals. However, given the existence of post-fertilization processes degrading sperm mitochondria, the physiological significance of mtDNA removal during spermatogenesis is not clear. Here we show that mtDNA clearance is indispensable for sperm development and activity. We uncover a previously unappreciated role of Poldip2 as a mitochondrial exonuclease that is specifically expressed in late spermatogenesis and required for sperm mtDNA elimination in Drosophila. Loss of Poldip2 impairs mtDNA clearance in elongated spermatids and impedes the progression of individualization complexes that strip away cytoplasmic materials and organelles. Over time, poldip2 mutant sperm exhibit marked nuclear genome fragmentation, and the flies become completely sterile. Notably, these phenotypes were rescued by expressing a mitochondrially targeted bacterial exonuclease, which ectopically removes mtDNA. Our work illustrates the developmental necessity of mtDNA clearance for effective cytoplasm removal at the end of spermatid morphogenesis, and for preventing potential nuclear-mitochondrial genome imbalance in mature sperm, in which nuclear genome activity is shut down.
External stimuli-driven catalytic hydrogels for biomedical applications
Authors: Liao Jing , Sun Jijun , Jia Wencong , He Wenjin , Wang Huijing , Huang Weiyun , Wang Yanmei , Yu Meihua , Xie Yujie , Chen Yu
Published: February 2025

This review discusses design strategies for external stimuli-driven hydrogels with in situ catalytic processes. It highlights precise control over the properties, elucidating regulatory mechanisms and deepening the understanding of the applications.
Hydrochloric acid-mediated mechanical synthesis of red-emitting all-inorganic zinc halides
Authors: Li Siyu , Yao Jiali , Wang Dayang , Huang Keke , Yang Wensheng , Xie Renguo
Published: February 2025

Zinc-based all-inorganic metal halide Cs2ZnCl4 achieves bright red light emission after hydrochloric acid treatment, which may enhance the further application of zinc-based materials in photovoltaics.
Mechanism of salt effect on flavor formation in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum fermented tilapia: integrated multiple intelligent sensory and flavor omics analyses
Authors: Zhang Ke , Zhang Ting-Ting , Qi Xin-Yi , Xu Bao-Cai , Qin Lei , Zhu Bei-Wei , Huang Xu-Hui
Published: February 2025

The processing method of low-sodium dry-cured tilapia was developed in this work. The effects of salt addition on the flavor of dry-cured fermented tilapia via different multi-omics and electronic sensory systems were discussed.
Process intensification of heterogeneous dehydrochlorination of β-chlorohydrin using phase transfer catalysts
Authors: Lee Grace Dai Zhen , Yan Zifei , Song Jing , Deng Jian , Luo Guangsheng
Published: February 2025

Phase transfer catalysts reduce the dehydrochlorination time of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl neodecanoate by 95% and reduce NaOH excess by 92%. The selectivity of side products after settling remains low.
The pan-cancer analysis of LRG1 and its potential role in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Lei Ziwen , Song Shiyu , Geng Yizhuo , Liu Bian , Li Yongzheng , Min Huan , Zhang Saiyang , Qi Yingqiu
Published: February 2025

This study performs a pan-cancer analysis of leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) to examine its expression patterns, prognostic value, and therapeutic links in various cancers, with a focus on kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC).
Sandwich-type (η6-p-cymene)Ru(η5-thiophene) complexes: synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization, and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Pilo Maria I. , Zucca Antonio , Vacca Giuseppe , Sanna Gavino , Spano Nadia , Orrù Germano , Scano Alessandra
Published: February 2025

Two half-sandwich Ru complexes, including an η-coordinated p-cymene ring along with an η-coordinated 3-R-thiophene ring (R = methyl or n-octyl), have been investigated and their antimicrobial activity has been explored.
Fabrication of photothermal silver nanoparticles for accelerating MRSA-infected wound healing
Authors: Wei Simin , Wang Yuhui , Wang Mengmeng , Su Siqi , Hao Mengke , Wang Yinghui
Published: February 2025

Herein, photothermal AgNPs were synthesized using Mentha pulegium extract under UV radiation for treating MRSA-infected wounds, where small-sized AgNPs and their aggregates acted as the antibiotic and photothermal agent, respectively.
Intrinsic setting of the exciton state in MoS2 monolayers via tailoring the Moiré correlation with a sapphire substrate
Authors: Chan Chun-Wen , Chan Fang-Mei , Chiu Sheng-Kuei , Chen Lu-Chih , Yu Wun-Jhen , Hsieh Chia-Yun , Yang Chao-Yao
Published: February 2025

This study aims to elucidate the specific Moiré correlation and associated exciton properties within MoS2 monolayers grown randomly oriented on a c-cut single-crystalline sapphire (Al2O3) substrate, which facilitates a distinct Moiré correlation.
Engineered molybdenum disulfide nanosheets as scavengers against oxidative stress inhibit ferroptosis to alleviate acute kidney injury
Authors: Zhang Xuwu , Xu Zhipeng , Zhang Yongzheng , Wei Dan , Zhang Shuping , Wang Jianning , Ren Jiayu
Published: February 2025

PVP-MoS2 NSs with broad-spectrum ROS scavenging could be accumulated in injured kidneys, providing antioxidative protection, reducing inflammation, and maintaining kidney function. Created in BioRender. Wu, Z. (2025) https://BioRender.com/v46b503
Determining the zero-field cooling/field cooling blocking temperature from AC susceptibility data for single-molecule magnets
Authors: Gil Yolimar , Quesada-Moreno María Mar , Palacios María A. , Gómez-Coca Silvia , Colacio Enrique , Ruiz Eliseo , Aravena Daniel
Published: February 2025

This article presents a model to determine the ZFC/FC blocking temperature from AC susceptibility and magnetization decay data. The accuracy of the proposal was verified for a new D5h DyIII complex and a large dataset of published systems.
Enhanced platinum and palladium recovery from aqueous solutions: a comparative study of acylthiourea and amine-modified silica gel adsorbents
Authors: Mphahlele Malehlogonolo R. R. , Mosai Alseno K. , Tutu Hlanganani , Kotzé Izak A.
Published: February 2025

The study developed TESP-BT-SG and enhanced APTES-SG synthesis, increasing ligand concentration. Both adsorbents achieved >97% Pt and Pd extraction efficiency and maintained high selectivity in the presence of other ions.
Chemotranscriptomic profiling with a thiamine monophosphate photoaffinity probe
Authors: Crielaard Stefan , Peters Casper F. M. , Slivkov Alexandar , van den Homberg Daphne A. L. , Velema Willem A.
Published: February 2025

Photoaffinity labeling on Escherichia coli RNA extracts reveals an interaction between Thiamine Monophosphate (TMP) and the Flavin Mononucleotide (FMN) riboswitch.
Azolium-2-dithiocarboxylates as redox active ligands in nickel chemistry
Authors: Luff Martin S. , Filipovic Tin M. , Corsei Celine S. , Oppel Kai , Krummenacher Ivo , Bertermann Rüdiger , Finze Maik , Braunschweig Holger , Radius Udo
Published: February 2025

The coordination chemistry and redox activity of NHC- and cAAC-based azolium-2-dithiocarboxylates in nickel complexes is reported. These complexes can attain different redox states and serve as electronically switchable materials and NIR dyes.
A novel Ln3+/Al3+ metallacrown multifunctional material for latent fingerprint detection, luminescent thermometers and luminescent sensors
Authors: Yan Han , Calado Claudia M. S. , Wang Hao , Murugesu Muralee , Sun Wen-Bin
Published: February 2025

In this work, a novel class of Ln3+/Al3+ metallacrowns (MCs) were constructed with multifunctional applications.
Antioxidative, low-concentration MXene inks with high-viscosity for infrared encryption and thermal energy harvesting
Authors: Zhang Xueting , Yu Ruiqi , Wang Mengyao , Song Zifan , Li Xiangxin , Gao Yadong , Wang Wanjie , Wang Jianfeng
Published: February 2025

Low-concentration MXene inks with high viscosity were reported using a gel-assisted approach. It offers a feasible strategy for realizing high-viscosity processing and excellent antioxidant capacity of MXene ink.
Design and characterization of an adaptive polymer electrolyte for lithium metal solid-state battery applications
Authors: Newman Matthew , Liu Jian , Jang Hoyeon , Ghosh Rinky , Dey Sriloy , Cho Hanna , Vodovotz Yael , Sayre Jay , Canova Marcello
Published: February 2025

An adaptive polymer electrolyte is demonstrated through the incorporation of conducting polymer particles, which cause the film to expand under an electric field with potential for application as an interlayer in lithium metal solid-state batteries.
Excess of Zn to relieve the structural distortion of manganese hexacyanoferrate in aqueous Zn-ion battery
Authors: Li Min , Maisuradze Mariam , Paputungan Zulkarnaen , Denecke Reinhard , Plaisier Jasper Rikkert , Aquilanti Giuliana , Agostini Giovanni , Giorgetti Marco
Published: February 2025

The effect of Zn substitution on the electrochemical performance and structure stability of MnHCF was comprehensively investigated using different synchrotron X-ray techniques.
A biomimetic dual-targeting nanomedicine for pancreatic cancer therapy
Authors: Zhou Guihua , Zhang Yuan , Cai Zhiwei , Yao Hongfei , Liu Meng , Jiang Chongyi , Cheng Zhen
Published: February 2025

A schematic illustration of the (Lo + FeCO)@MPDA@CAFM-PTP biomimetic dual-targeting nanomedicine preparation and its therapeutic effects on PC through targeting CAF and PC cells, extracellular matrix degradation, and CO gas therapy.
Electronic structures and magnetic properties of the rare-earth-free permanent magnet α′′-Fe16N2: first-principles calculations
Authors: Duan Peirun , Ping Qingming , Sun Douqiang , Luo Qihang , Li Haojie , Xu Haoyu , Liu Xian , Shi Xiaohui , Du Lulu
Published: February 2025

α′′-Fe16N2 exhibits perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with a magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy of −0.66 J cm−3 and a high Curie temperature of 1369 K, making it a potential candidate material as a rare-earth-free permanent magnet.
Correction: Symmetry-breaking charge transfer and intersystem crossing in copper phthalocyanine thin films
Authors: del Pino Rosendo Esther , Yildiz Okan , Pisula Wojciech , Marszalek Tomasz , Blom Paul W. M. , Ramanan Charusheela
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Symmetry-breaking charge transfer and intersystem crossing in copper phthalocyanine thin films’ by Esther del Pino Rosendo et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, 25, 6847–6856, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP05240G.
Correction: Sustainable pathway to furanics from biomass via heterogeneous organo-catalysis
Authors: Verma Sanny , Nasir Baig R. B. , Nadagouda Mallikarjuna N. , Len Christophe , Varma Rajender S.
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Sustainable pathway to furanics from biomass via heterogeneous organo-catalysis’ by Sanny Verma et al., Green Chem., 2017, 19, 164–168, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6GC02551J.
Structure-property relationships for the force-triggered disrotatory ring-opening of cyclobutene
Authors: Bowser Brandon H , Brown Cameron , Meisner Jan , Kouznetsova Tatiana B. , Martinez Todd , Craig Stephen L
Published: February 2025

Symmetry forbidden reactions are notoriously difficult to study experimentally, for the simple reason that their competing symmetry allowed pathways typically dominate. Covalent polymer mechanochemistry offers an opportunity to broaden access...
A routing algorithm for wireless mesh network based on information entropy theory
Authors: Turlykozhayeva Dana Abdikumarovna , Akhtanov Sayat Nusipbeckovich , Zhanabaev Zeinulla Zhanabaevich , Ussipov Nurzhan Musaipovich , Akhmetali Almat
Published: February 2025

Nowadays, wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are rapidly spreading around the world due to their competitive advantages. Beyond this, their adaptability is evident in supporting a wide range of applications: from powering broadband home networks and educational programs to driving healthcare advancements, simplifying building automation systems, assisting in expedited rescue operations, and even serving military needs. The routing within WMNs plays a pivotal role in enhancing reliability and optimizing performance. Notably, WMNs can consist of several cascading channels, however, the literature lacks routing algorithms based on the concept of information entropy for these channels. This work introduces an information‐entropy‐based algorithm specifically designed for wireless cascaded channels within WMNs. The proposed algorithm aims to enhance bandwidth in WMNs by constructing routes based on the maximum value of entropy of the cascading binary channel. This algorithm builds a route with the maximum value of the path entropy and bandwidth in WMNs. Furthermore, this study validates the applicability and competitiveness of the proposed method through a comparative analysis against established algorithms like Dijkstra, ACO, OLSR, AODV, and a previous method by the authors.
Multimodal sensor for soft grippers based on optical displacement sensing
Authors: Choi Myoung‐Su , Bae Ji‐Hun , Park Jae‐Han , Lee Dong‐Hyuk
Published: February 2025

Soft grippers enable to securely grasp objects of various shapes without complex control algorithms. However, the nature of the soft material presents a challenge regarding the attachment of sensors to the fingers, hindering the ability to obtain feedback data on their current state. This study introduces a novel sensor concept designed to be affixed to the fingers of a soft gripper, enabling the measurement of both bending angles and contact forces. The proposed sensor utilizes photo‐reflectors to simultaneously measure bending angles and contact forces at multiple points, with the capability to easily expand the number of measurable cells. To enhance durability, a flexible printed circuit board with proven durability, along with a slip mechanism structure, is incorporated. Through the experiments, the feasibility of the proposed sensor is validated. Also, the durability and long‐term repeatability of the sensor was verified through 100,000 repeated operations.
A Low‐Distortion Bootstrapped Switch Based on Parasitic Capacitance Reduction Techniques
Authors: Wang Ming , Gu Yanhan , Zeng Li , Tang Zhangwen
Published: February 2025

This letter presents a low‐distortion bootstrapped switch for improving sampling network linearity. The dynamically driven gate approach and the dynamically driven deep N‐well technique are proposed to reduce the parasitic capacitance at crucial nodes. Simulated in a 180 nm CMOS process, the proposed switch achieves a total harmonic distortion (THD) of −101.3 dB at an 80 MHz sampling frequency. This is a 20.7 dB increase in THD over the conventional switch.