bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O papel das associações empresariais da indústria na criação do antigo CEBRAE
Authors: Dias Vanessa Tavares
Published: September 2017

O presente texto analisa os motivos que levaram à institucionalização do antigo CEBRAE no âmbito do Ministério do Planejamento e Coordenação Geral do governo ditatorial de Garrastazu Médici (1969-1974). A investigação aponta para a relação entre a criação da agência e a tentativa do Executivo de dar respostas ao pleito do capital privado nacional da indústria que, à época, encontrava-se sub-representado nos Planos Nacionais de Desenvolvimento. Procuramos apresentar o movimento e a articulação do empresariado local que, sob a contenção seletiva da sociedade civil, encontrava espaço amplo para organizar eventos, congressos e, ainda, duplicar entidades de representação com o fito de disputar papel decisório nos projetos econômicos. Por conseguinte, a institucionalização da agência, assim como o seu propósito de defender as pequenas e as médias empresas, é compreendida à luz da organização bem-sucedida da burguesia interna naquele contexto.Palavras-chave: CEBRAE, sociedade civil, empresariado nacional.This text analyzes the motives that led to the institutionalization of the former CEBRAE, under the Ministry of Planning and General Coordination during the dictatorial government of Garrastazu Médici (1969-1974). The investigation suggests a relationship between creating an agency and the Executive’s attempt to respond to the demands of National Capital Industry, which, at that time, was under-represented in the National Development Plan. The aim of this text is to present the movement and articulation of local entrepreneurs who, under the selective contention of civil society, found ample space in which to organize events, symposiums, and even duplicate representative entities in order to dispute the decision-making role in national economic projects. Keywords: CEBRAE, civil society, national entrepreneur.
Produção do conhecimento em Políticas Públicas de C&T no Brasil: um estudo bibliométrico
Authors: Sarvo Denilson , Franco Nathalia Gerotti
Published: September 2017

Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) é um campo de trabalho acadêmico que busca, de maneira crítica, questionar o desenvolvimento da ciência e da tecnologia, avaliando seus riscos e benefícios para a sociedade. O campo CTS se divide em: pesquisa, educação e política pública, sendo este último, o foco deste trabalho. Política pública é uma ação direta do Estado junto à sociedade, enfatizando as demandas sociais e exigências de acumulação de capital. Já as Políticas de Ciência e Tecnologia (PCT) são medidas tomadas pelo Estado para estimular o desenvolvimento da pesquisa científica e tecnológica. Assim, com a finalidade de diagnosticar a produção científica brasileira na área de PCT, foi realizado um estudo bibliométrico, a partir de dados de teses e dissertações coletados na BDTD. Os resultados obtidos por meio da análise de 497 registros demonstram o crescimento da produção cientifica sobre a temática, a concentração de núcleos de pesquisadores na região Sul e Sudeste, tendo como principais instituições as universidades UNESP, UNICAMP e UNB. Foi identificado predominância do gênero feminino na autoria das pesquisas e uma forte ligação da temática com as áreas de educação, inovação, desenvolvimento econômico e social.Palavras-Chave: Políticas Públicas de Ciência e Tecnologia; Análise Bibliométrica; Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade.Science, Technology and Society (STS) is an academic field that seeks, critically, to question the development of science and technology, evaluating its risks and benefits for a society. The STS field is divided into: research, education and public policy, the latter being the focus of this work. Public policy is a direct action of the state with society, emphasizing social demands and demands for capital accumulation. However, Science and Technology Policies (STP) are measures taken by the State to stimulate the development of scientific and technological research. Thus, with a diagnostic purpose of a Brazilian scientific production in the area of STP, a bibliometric study was carried out using data from the Brazilian Digital Library of Thesis and Dissertations. The results obtained through the analysis of 497 records demonstrate the growth of scientific production in this field, a concentration of researchers centers in the South and Southeast regions, with UNESP, UNICAMP and UNB as main universities. A predominance of the female gender was identified in the authorship of the researches and a strong link of the subject with the areas of education, innovation, economic and social development.Key words: Public Policies of Science and Technology; Bibliometric Analysis; Science, Technology and Society.
As convenções das Políticas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação no Brasil: do Estado Empreendedor à crise do Estado Facilitador
Authors: Alves Mourão Victor Luiz
Published: September 2017

O artigo visa a realizar uma análise da política de ciência, tecnologia e inovação brasileira a partir do campo teórico da Teoria das Convenções, uma perspectiva que surge na interface entre Sociologia e Economia através de um foco na contestação situacional da coordenação das ações. A ligação entre essas situações e a elaboração de políticas e instituições é formulada como um problema, procedendo-se à recapitulação histórica do processo de construção institucional científica e tecnológica brasileira, com especial atenção às políticas públicas de promoção das atividades de ciência e tecnologia nacionais e às conferências organizadas pelos governos e voltadas para a reflexão sobre a área. Dessa maneira, é possível realizar uma análise que identifica os princípios normativos (cités) envolvidos no processo de formulação, implementação e execução das políticas de ciência e tecnologia, possibilitando o clareamento das continuidades e descontinuidades de nossa trajetória histórica.Palavras chave: Teoria das Convenções; Política de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; História da Ciência e Tecnologia no Brasil; Sociologia da Crítica.The article aims to conduct an analysis of Brazilian science, technology and innovation policies departing from the convention theory, a perspective that arises at the interface between sociology and economics through a focus on the situational contestation of the coordination of actions. The connection between these situations and the elaboration of policies and institutions is formulated as a problem, proceeding to the historical recapitulation of the historical process of building Brazilian scientific and technological institutions, with special attention to Science and technology public policies and conferences organized by the governments which focused to promote debate over the subject. In this way, it is possible to carry out an analysis that identifies the normative principles (cités) involved in the process of formulation, implementation and execution of the policies of science and technology, allowing to clarify continuities and discontinuities of brazilian historical trajectory.Keywords: Convention Theory; Science, Technology and Innovation Policy; History of Science and Technology in Brazil; Sociology of Critical Capacity.
Arqueologia de um clássico: Resenha de “Um clássico por Amadurecimento: Estudos sobre Raízes do Brasil” de Luiz Feldman
Authors: Cannone Helio
Published: September 2017

O trabalho é resenha do livro de Luiz Feldman, no qual o autor realiza um estudo filológico e comparativo das três primeiras edições do clássico Raízes do Brasil de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda. Partindo de um método influenciado pelo contextualismo lingúistico de Quentin Skinner, Luiz Fedlman revela novas interpretações sobre o clássico de 1936, que segundo  o autor, só viria a merecer  tal alcunha a partir de 1948, quando amadurece.
Participação pública em políticas energéticas em debate: estudo de caso em torno da energia nuclear no Brasil
Authors: Camelo Ana Paula
Published: September 2017

Fundamentado nos Estudos Sociais da Ciência e da Tecnologia e em estudos sobre participação pública em controvérsias sociotécnicas, este artigo analisa recentes propostas legislativas que sugerem condicionar algumas atividades do setor nuclear para a geração de energia a consulta popular, por meio de plebiscito. Nosso objetivo é compreender de que forma essa participação é concebida, sobretudo em relação ao futuro do Programa Nuclear Brasileiro. Dentre os principais resultados, chama atenção a possibilidade de engajamento da sociedade ser apagada ou vedada em alguns casos; a forte centralização da tomada de decisão e a desqualificação do instrumento participativo, e a defesa de que o poder de decisão e deliberação continue restrito ao Estado mesmo quando o assunto é de interesse direto da população.Palavras-chave: Política energética; Participação pública; Energia nuclear; Plebiscito; Futuro energéticoBased on the Social Studies of Science and Technology and Studies on Public Participation in socio-technical controversies, this paper analyses recent legislative proposals that condition some activities of the nuclear power generation in Brazil to the popular consultation through a plebiscite. We aim at understanding how this participation is designed and considered for the future of the Brazilian Nuclear Program. Among the main results, draws attention the possibility of engagement be erased or sealed in some cases; the strong centralization of decision-making and the disqualification of this participatory instrument, and the defence that decision-making and deliberation should remain restricted to the State even when the subject is of direct public interest.Key words: Energy policy; Public participation; Nuclear energy; Referendum; Energy future
Contribuições do campo ciência, tecnologia e sociedade para a disseminação do conhecimento
Authors: Colombo Luciléia Aparecida , Fetz Marcelo
Published: September 2017

Os estudos de Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade são recentes no Brasil, mas vêm encontrando um espaço crescente no meio acadêmico, devido à sua importância no que concerne à capacidade de estabelecimento de diálogos com diversas áreas do conhecimento. As constantes transformações na sociedade, com a complexidade das demandas sociais, alinhadas com modificações na ciência e na tecnologia foram decisivas para que o campo CTS adquirisse protagonismo ao longo do tempo. Este dossiê tem a incumbência de contribuir para o debate, no qual apresentamos artigos com uma multiplicidade de áreas do conhecimento, delineando um espaço privilegiado de interdisciplinaridade. Justifica-se, sobretudo, porque a partir desta iniciativa, outros pesquisadores poderão contribuir com o debate, preenchendo e aumentando a construção deste espaço do saber.The studies of Science, Technology and Society are recent in Brazil, but have been finding an increasing space in the academic environment, due to its importance in the capacity to establish dialogues with several areas of knowledge. The constant transformations in society, with the complexity of social demands, aligned with changes in science and technology were decisive for the CTS field to take center stage over time. This dossier has the task of contributing to the debate, in which we present articles with a multiplicity of areas of knowledge, outlining a privileged space of interdisciplinarity. It is mainly justified because from this initiative other researchers can contribute to the debate, filling and increasing the construction of this space of knowledge.Keywords: Science, Technology, Society, Interdisciplinarity.
Penerapan Metode UCD (User Centered Design) Pada E-Commerce Putri Intan Shop Berbasis Web
Authors: Yatana Saputri Intan Sandra , Fadhli Mardhiah , Surya Ibnu
Published: September 2017

Pertumbuhan pesat pangsa pasar e-commerce di Indonesia memang sudah tidak bisa diragukan lagi. Dengan jumlah pengguna internet yang mencapai angka 82 juta orang atau sekitar 30% dari total penduduk di Indonesia, pasar e-commerce menjadi tambang emas yang sangat menggoda bagi sebagian orang yang bisa melihat potensi ke depannya. Pertumbuhan ini didukung dengan data yang menyebutkan bahwa nilai transaksi e-commerce pada tahun 2013 mencapai angka Rp130 triliun.. Ada banyak e-commerce yang sukses mendapatkan keuntungan, ada juga yang tidak. Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan oleh User Interface Engineering, Inc. diketahui 59% waktu terbuang karena orang tidak bisa menemukan informasi yang ingin didapat dan hal ini berdampak pada penurunan produktifitas dan meningkatkan frustasi. Sebuah laporan menunjukkan bahwa 39% dari pembeli tes dan gagal dalam upaya pembelian mereka karena navigasi pada situs yang sulit. Untuk membuat sebuah e-commerce yang user-friendly dengan tingkat usability yang tinggi pada e-commerce tersebut, salah satu solusinya melakukan pengembangan e-commerce menggunakan metode User Centered Design (UCD). Sistem yang telah dibangun dengan menerapkan metode UCD ini mendapatkan hasil 98.3% menyatakan akan berbelanja di e-commerce Putri Intan Shop.
Authors: Veiga da Conceição/UFSM Elizete Fatima , Schmidt/UFSM Magda
Published: September 2017

Este trabalho consiste na análise de resultados acerca do período de estágio supervisionado, o qual foi realizado com uma turma de primeiro ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública. Contextualiza-se o trabalho com a proposta de realização de um projeto, voltado para o desenvolvimento de práticas pedagógicas que visam à alfabetização, através de pesquisas, leituras e produções textuais, aliadas à realização de dinâmicas e jogos. Na análise dos resultados identifica-se um desempenho satisfatório da turma, com significativo número de alunos que migraram do nível silábico e silábico-alfabético para o nível alfabético inicial. Conclui-se a importância da diversificação de atividades que priorizem e respeitem a capacidade de cada sujeito.
Authors: Farias/UNIR Kátia Sebastiana Carvalho dos Santos , Couti/IFRO Suzana Caroline Da Silveira , Nascimento/IFRO Andréia Paro do , Braum/IFRO Shelly
Published: September 2017

O texto tem como objetivo discutir por meio de relato de experiências, a formação docente a partir de metodologias de formação continuada que priorizem e evidenciem a experiência e a cultura do docente no decorrer da sua trajetória de ação. Os assuntos tratados neste artigo emergiram nas aulas da disciplina Formação de Professores, Cultura, Saberes e Práticas, temas tais como: formação docente contínua, autoformação, prática reflexiva, saberes docentes entre outros que permeiam a atividade docente. Os relatos levaram-nos a concluir que a formação de professores deve se constituir a partir da reflexão sobre a ação, do respeito às vozes dos outros envolvidos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem e da construção da identidade profissional docente. Foi possível fundamentar que o chão da escola é um lugar de formação e autoformação da prática educativa, espaço em que teoria e prática dialogam e que transforme e forme ao mesmo tempo educadores e educandos.
Por uma dimensão política dos estudos comparados em educação
Authors: Isobe/UFTM Rogéria Moreira Rezende , Rezende/UFU Valéria Moreira , Pedrosa/UNIR Neide Borges , Bueno/UFTM José Lucas Pedreira
Published: September 2017

Com o objetivo de contribuir para o debate acerca do atual processo de reconfiguração dos estudos comparados em educação, este ensaio analisa aspectos teóricos e metodológicos dessa modalidade de investigação no Brasil. Discute problemas relacionados à utilização do referencial teórico positivista-funcionalista com ênfase nas limitações dos registros excessivamente macroscópicos, assentados na generalização de parâmetros comparativos. Apresentaelementos centrais que delineiam novas perspectivas teórico-metodológicas urdidas no campo da história e da antropologia. Ao final, analisa os desafios e potencialidades heurísticas dessa modalidade de pesquisa, enfatizando a importância da dimensão política no desenvolvimento das novas abordagens.
Tecnologias digitais e formação inicial de professores: práticas docentes no curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas do IFAM
Authors: Freitas/IFAM Aline Zorzi Schultheis de , Pretto/IFBA Nelson De Luca , Barba/UNIR Clarides Henrich de
Published: September 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar como as TIC estão presentes nas práticas docentes dos professores formadores no Curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas (IFAM). Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com dados coletados por meio de um questionário semiestruturado e entrevistas, das quais os participantes foram nove acadêmicos e dez professores do Curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas do IFAM. O questionário respondido pelos acadêmicos era composto de nove perguntas abertas e fechadas, e tinha como objetivo conhecer os sujeitos da pesquisa, o motivo de estarem cursando um curso de licenciatura, como as TIC estavam presentes na formação dos envolvidos e qual a opinião dos mesmos sobre utilizar as TIC na educação. As entrevistas realizadas com os professores formadores do referido curso teve como objetivo investigar como as TIC estão presentes nas práticas pedagógicas de formação desses alunos na universidade. Os resultados apontam que embora os professores formadores do curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas tenham utilizado as TIC, ainda são poucos aqueles que as têm utilizado para estimular a criatividade e autonomia, visando a produção de conhecimentos e não apenas a reprodução.
Formação e educação na e para a inclusão: igualdade de gênero
Authors: Marchão/Portugal Amélia De Jesus , Henriques/Portugal Hélder
Published: September 2017

A instituição escolar deve contribuir para uma sociedade mais justa, equitativa e sem estereótipos, promovendo a inclusão. O presente artigo, resultado da avaliação do percurso desenvolvido em duas oficinas de formação realizadas no Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, aborda a escola inclusiva em sentido lato e demonstra a necessidade de intervir na consciencialização e sensibilização dos atores educativos para uma ação baseada na igualdade de oportunidades, nomeadamente no campo do género. Através de uma análise qualitativa de dispositivos e estratégias aplicadas nessa oficina de formação apresentam-se algumas representações e concepções, bem como algumas das reflexões e avaliações das/os docentes produzidas ao longo e no final do trajeto formativo. Conclui-se pela necessidade de aprofundar a formação contínua dos/as docentes e pela necessidade de se assumir uma postura consciente e reflexiva que torne a escola inclusiva uma realidade onde se assuma a igualdade de oportunidades de modo pleno.
Invisibilidade da cultura afro-brasileira: um olhar para o Médio Vale do Itajaí – SC
Authors: Muller Junior/UNIASSELVI Geraldo , Probst/UTP Melissa
Published: September 2017

A invisibilidade da cultura afro-brasileira é um fenômeno cultural muito presente no Médio Vale do Itajaí, no estado de Santa Catarina. Essa invisibilidade pode ser exemplificada pelo calendário de datas comemorativas nos municípios do Médio Vale do Itajaí, que não possui feriados que comemorem o dia da Consciência Negra (20 de novembro). Além disso, não se percebem monumentos com referências à escravidão e temas similares que ornamentem os municípios da região. É também imperceptível a presença de uma historiografia que aponte a presença de negros na história local. Diante desses fatos realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica da escrita da história do Médio Vale do Itajaí (historiografia) para tentar lançar um olhar sobre quais motivos tornam a discussão da cultura afro-brasileira restrita nas escolas.
A Highly Efficient and Recyclable Pd(Pph3)4/Peg-400 System for Stille Cross-Coupling Reactions of Organostannanes with Aryl Bromides
Authors: Huang Xue , Yao Fang , Wei Ting , Cai Mingzhong
Published: September 2017

Pd(PPh3)4 in PEG-400 is shown to be a highly efficient catalyst for the Stille cross-coupling reactions of various organotin compounds with aryl bromides. The reaction could be conducted at 80 °C using NaOAc as base, yielding a variety of biaryls, alkynes and alkenes in good to excellent yields. The isolation of the products was readily performed by extraction with petroleum ether and the Pd(PPh3)4/PEG-400 system could be easily recycled and reused five times without any significant loss of activity.
Metabolism and Major Urban Cycles. Remnants, Materials and Micro Pollutants
Authors: Harpet Cyrille
Published: September 2017

What are wastes? In our material world, we have to manage a massive quantity of product and by-product, from organic and inorganic systems. This global movement, determined mostly by the expansion of industrial activities and mass consumption, is characterised by a significant growth of the environmental human footprint. Each urban civilisation implements strategies for the collection, removal and elimination of their flows (effluents and solid waste). 'Recycling' a city implies considering three major dimensions that characterise our urban metabolism in modernity: the dialectic of a city grappling with its (material and symbolic) history, between ruins and remnants all while dealing with the imperatives of 'rebuilding the city'; environmental crises that lead to more cost-efficient resource management and environmental protection, according to a still fuzzy model of urban metabolism yet to be designed; and the emergence of health risk factors outside the 'waste' category in the form of imperceptible micro pollutants that make up urban environments.
Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth
(1955): From the Rediscovery of Marsh to the Emergence of Urban Metabolism
Authors: Tufano Antonella
Published: September 2017

The growing awareness of environmental issues that first began to spread across the United States in the 1960s and which gathered considerable support from other Western countries, originated in the groundwork of several scientists and humanists who had been challenging the Progressivism of leading intellectuals, since the second half of the nineteenth century, notably by drawing attention to the impacts of human activity. A new approach emerged to understanding the city, not as an artefact separate from its environment but rather as an element incorporated into a global cycle: the territorial 'metabolism of cities' as formulated in the paper by Abel Wolman (Wolman, 1965: 156-174). If we take a step back, we can view the meeting entitled
Man's Role in Changing the Face of Earth
, held at Princeton in 1955, as the moment when older theories converged and a holistic approach, previously unheard of, towards understanding man and his territory was launched. This paper first looks at how the Symposium was organised. It then goes on to consider its historical background, notably the rediscovery of Marsh's works, which gave rise to this meeting. Lastly the paper analyses the debates that took place and in particular those relating to the development of the concept of 'limit' and the opposition between the conservationist approach and, in opposition, the 'great transition'.
Links for Recycling in Urban Regeneration
Authors: Lapenna Annarita , Toccafondi Viola
Published: September 2017

Starting with theories about the complexity of living systems, the paper examines territory as an open living system and focuses on the importance of
links
in order to support its existence. In this sense, constructing and maintaining links between each component of the territory means thinking about the project as a linking act. A necessary precondition in the design process is the ability to treat the complexity of the stratified
historical experience
of the territory like a
palimpsest
. Grappling with the division and the fragmentation found at the fringes of contemporary European urban territories, the paper proposes two types of links for an urban recycling project: encouraging alliances between inhabitants and between the societies and environments that contain them; and restoring the deep link between building technique and the environment. In this theoretical framework, the paper examines two emblematic case studies of the fringe urban context. The first one deals with an ambitious recycling project in an area in the west of Milan: the
Boscoincittà
Park. The second deals with the reuse of the traditional earth-building technique in Sardinia, and focuses on Cagliari's hinterland.
The Making and Unmaking of the Gonds. History of Hunting Mores in Colonial India
Authors: Mandala Vijaya Ramadas
Published: September 2017

This article will examine Gond tribes and their social history of hunting mores in colonial India. While a large corpus of anthropology and ethnographic studies has analysed the socio-economic and cultural life of many indigenous tribes in India in the post-colonial and contemporary situation, they do not particularly offer greater historical insights concerning the colonial period for the reader. This is true especially on the subject of tribal hunting practices during pre-colonial and colonial periods, which was often entirely dismissed by mainstream historians. Hence, it is worthwhile to consider what kind of life the Gonds led prior to British rule, and in what way the Gonds' society had flourished until the colonial intervention; and to what extent hunting had primacy in the tribal economy and society of the Gonds in the Central Provinces during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The present study aims to analyse the history of the Gonds in relation to their hunting practices and their negotiation with natural environment during the colonial period. Situating this hypothesis in the sphere of cultural geography and natural history, and on a par with other tribal groups, our research will shed light on the Gonds' forest homelands, their ecological vision and society of hunters during a time when wildlife numbers outweighed those of people. Thereby this research will offer some reflections in order to locate the Gonds' hunting mores in space and time for the colonial period in India. Importantly it will be suggested that despite 'subalternity' attached to the Gond tribals, they were successful in maintaining independent hunting cultures under the very rubric of the British Raj.
The Environmental Legacy of European Expansion and Colonialism: Three Controversies
Authors: Rajan Ravi
Published: September 2017

Recent scholarship on the environmental impacts of European expansion has witnessed significant theoretical discordance. The debate, largely between those who draw upon Foucauldian analysis, postcolonial studies, and the cultural studies of science, on the one hand, and those informed by literatures in world history, intellectual history, economic history, and the history of science, technology and medicine; on the other, is relevant not just to the environmental history, but to our understanding of European colonialism more broadly. Yet, there has as yet been no systematic attempt to robustly identify the issues at stake, and debate them openly. The purpose of this essay is to address this gap. It addresses theoretical essays by anthropologist K. Sivaramakrishnan and others, and focuses on three central questions over which historians disagree.
Responses of LiF Thermoluminescence Dosimeters to Diagnostic 60Co Teletherapy Beams
Authors: Rahman M Obaidur , Hoque Md Ashraful , Rahman Md Shakilur , Begum Afia
Published: September 2017

Thermoluminescence Dosimeter (TLD) is used as an ionizing radiation detector in the field of clinical radiotherapy, diagnostic radiology, personal radiation monitoring as well as in environmental radiation dosimetry. The sensitivity of all the TLDs is not the same even though the manufacturer produced them in the same batch. The response of TLD at various doses is also not always linear. In the present study fifty-seven rod shaped LiF TLDs had been irradiated by doses of 50cGy, 100cGy, 150cGy and 200cGy using 60Co teletherapy unit of Dhaka Medical College (Alcyon II, CGR, McV, France). The TLDs were placed in the grooves of a slab phantom and then covered by a 0.5cm thick plexiglass sheet. The phantom was then irradiated in the reference condition (10x10cm2 field size, 80cm SSD). After irradiation, readout of TLDs was done using a Harshaw TLD reader (Model 3500). Measurements were performed three times for each dose value and their average was taken. For convenience all fifty-seven TLDs were divided into nineteen groups. Grouping was done according to the response of the TLDs for a fixed dose value. In a particular group of TLDs, variation of the response of the dosimeters is the smallest one. The dose (cGy)  response (nC) linearity curve of TLDs for each of the nineteen groups showed to be very close to unity.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.8 No.1 2015 14-21
Improved Understanding of the Sensitivity of Linear Tetrapolar Impedance Measurement (TPIM) and 8-Electrode Focused Impedance Method (FIM) in a Volume Conductor
Authors: Ahmed Sayed Parvez , Kadir M Abdul , Quaderi Golam Dastegir Al , Rahman Rubina , Rabbani K Siddique E
Published: September 2017

Tetrapolar Impedance Measurement (TPIM) is a 4-electrode impedance measurement system appropriate for a volume conductor in which current is driven through a pair of electrodes while potential developed across another pair of electrodes is measured to provide a value of transfer impedance. The 8-electrode Focused Impedance Method (FIM-8) consists of two concentric and orthogonal linear TPIM systems with their transfer impedances added for the purpose of localizing the central zone. Detailed 3D sensitivity studies are necessary for proper application of the techniques in specific biomedical applications and most reported work present point sensitivity distributions. The present work mainly focuses on planar average sensitivity in planes parallel to the electrode plane and its variation with depth due to different combinations of electrode separations  both for current drive pair and the potential measuring pair. This was obtained through finite element simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics software for a 40x40x40cm3 volume. The results give useful information that can be used to design electrode configurations and measurement modalities for various applications.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.8 No.1 2015 22-31
Outcome of coronary endarterectomy with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: A retrospective study
Authors: Ranjan Redoy , Adhikary Asit Baran
Published: September 2017

In this study, we assessed the outcome of surgical revascularization technique, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with or without coronary endarterectomy for patients with diffuse coronary artery disease in a single surgeons practice on 2,189 patients from January 2009 and December 2016. The variables like intubation time, ICU stay, postoperative myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, renal impairment, stroke and ICU mortality were compared. Among these patients, 1,000 patients required coronary endarterectomy in addition to off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG). Initially, the mortality and incidence of postoperative blood transfusion were higher in the group of patients who had coronary endarterectomy in addition to CABG. However, postoperative combined use of heparin, warfarin and double anti-platelet agent was associated with decreased mortality significantly in our study. In comparison to other group, the patients in the combined coronary endarterectomy with CABG group had a higher incidence of male sex, past myocardial infarction and poor left ventricular function. Total myocardial revascularization is attainable when coronary endarterectomy is performed in addition to off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery in diffuse coronary artery disease.
Selective combination in multiple neural networks prediction using independent component regression approach
Authors: Foon See Lee , Rahim Nazira Anisa , Zainal Ahmad , Jie Zhang
Published: September 2017

Biological processes are highly nonlinear in nature and difficult to represent accurately by simple mathematical models. However, this problem can be solved by using neural network. Neural network is a prominent modeling tool especially when it comes to intricate process such as biological process. In this paper, a multiple single hidden layer with ten hidden neurons Feedforward Artificial Neural Network (FANN) was used to model the complex and dynamic relationships between the input (dilution rate, D) and outputs (conversion, y and dimensionless temperature value, θ) for the reactive biological process. Levenberg-Marquardt Backpropagation training method was used. The multiple neural networks predicted outputs were then combined through three different methods which area simple averaging, Principal Component Regression (PCR) and Independent Component Regression (ICR). Multiple neural networks which were created by the bootstrap approach help improved single neural network performance as well as the model robustness for nonlinear process modeling. Comparison was made between the three methods. The result showed that ICR is slightly superior between the three methods especially in noise level 1,2 and 3, however ICR slightly suffer in noise level 4 and 5. This is due to the independent component regression used the latent factors and non-Gaussian distribution of y and θ values for the combination.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 12-19
Empty fruit bunch (EFB) gasification in an entrained flow gasification system
Authors: Wan Ismail Wan Muhamad Syafiq , Rasid Ruwaida Abdul
Published: September 2017

Biomass has become one of the most commonly used renewable sources of energy in the last two decades. Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is one of the examples for the biomass that is used as a renewable energy source. From the palm oil processing industry, only 10% are the final products such as palm oil and palm kernel oil, while the remaining 90% are harvestable biomass waste in the form of EFB, palm kernel shell (PKS) and oil palm frond (OPF). This overload amount of biomass waste will cause an abundance of waste which will also affect the environment. To convert EFB into usable energy in ways that are more efficient, less polluting, and economical, gasification has merge as one of the most favorable technological innovations in synthesis gas (syngas) production. The main aim of this work is to study the EFB gasification in an entrained flow gasification process based on the different operating temperature (700°C to 900°C) and equivalence ratio, ER (0.2 – 0.4), evaluated based on the production of gases such as hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). It was found that as the temperature was increased from 700°C to 900°C, the production of H2 and CO2 increased while CO was decreased. The optimum ER value of 0.30 was found to attain the highest Cold Gas Efficiency (CGE) value of 74.03% at 900°C.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 43-49
Antimicrobial agents from Malaysian plants and their potential use in food packaging material: Review
Authors: Mustapha FA , Jai J , Hamidon F , Md Sharif ZI , Yusof N Mohd
Published: September 2017

Malaysia is among 12 countries in the world that rich in biodiversity including an assortment of plants with potential sources for new antimicrobial agents. Despite the fact that various plants have been screened, the requirement for detail study on antimicrobial compounds from plants is preceded as safer and better agent to inhibit growth of microbes. Therefore, selected Malaysia plants with medicinal properties are listed for further review in their antimicrobial activity and their major compound that act as antimicrobial agent. The major groups of the antimicrobial constituents are phenolics, phenolic acids, quinones, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, terpenoids and alkaloids. These compounds are secondary metabolites that play the main role in plant defense mechanism. They also exhibited inhibitory effect on various microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Compounds derived from Malaysian plants have the potential to be used as antimicrobial additive as most of their extracts containing active compounds such as caffeic acid, pyrogallol, catechin and curcumin. Extraction method of plants extract is done either by conventional method of maceration and extraction under reflux and steam distillation or modern method of microwave assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction. Even though plants extracts with medicinal properties are gaining fame for their antimicrobial properties, however the study on incorporation of the extracts into edible films as antimicrobial food packaging is limited. The advantages of using an edible film with antimicrobial agent plants for food products are it safe to use and it able to extend the shelf life while reducing packaging waste.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 57-66
Optimization of Flooded Soil Recovery via Plant- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Symbiotic Interaction
Authors: Aziz Nor Hazwani , Zainol Norazwina , Thangaperumal Nanthinie , Zahari Nor Hanisah
Published: September 2017

Flooded soil recovery was optimized using experimental design methodology by manipulating the symbiotic relationship between soil fungi, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and the host plant (Allium cepa L.) planted in a soil containing AMF (SA). This was achieved by measuring the amount of nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) uptake by AMF using HACH spectrophotometer after 14 days of planting in several condition suggested by Design-Expert® software (Ver 7.1.6). In order to determine the optimum condition for the AMF to recover the flooded soil, the experiments were designed according to a central composite design in two variables following the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A quadratic polynomial model was generated to predict soil recovery. R2 for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was found at 0.89, 0.96 and 0.94 respectively of the range for the factors studied namely 24-32 ml water content and 4.0-6.0 cm depth of soil. Among two parameters, depth of soil showed significant effect on the recovery of flooded soil for phosphorus and potassium while for nitrogen both parameters showed insignificant effect. Model validation experiments showed good correspondence between experimental and predicted values at error for N, P, and K at 7.0%, 1.86% and 2.65% respectively. The optimal condition for soil recovery was at 28 ml soil water content and 5 cm soil depth. At this condition, the nutrient uptake by AMF was predicted to be at their maximum rate where the concentration of nutrients increased approximately by 2 to 3 times from the initial nutrient concentration.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 67-74
Thermal studies on Arabic gum - carrageenan polysaccharides film
Authors: Jamaludin J , Adam F , Rasid R Abdul , Hassan Z
Published: September 2017

The main objective of this work is to develop film and study the thermal characteristics of polysaccharides films at various concentration of carrageenan in the mixture by calculating activation energy of polysaccharides films. There were four (4) film samples of two polysaccharides combination; arabic gum (AG) and carrageenan (C) with different formulations; sample A, sample B, sample C and sample D prepared. Sample A film is the control sample that contained only arabic gum and distilled water (DI) with 40% weight arabic gum per volume DI water (w/v%). Meanwhile for sample B and C were prepared with concentration 40 w/v% of Arabic gum and two differents of carrageenan concentrations; 1 w/v% and 10 w/v% respectively. Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) as a plasticiser was added into sample D film. The sample films were thermally characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under nitrogen atmosphere. The major thermal transitions as well as, activation energies of the major decomposition stages were determined. Sample A and B films exhibited the highest (112.43 kJ/mol) and the lowest (102.89 kJ/mol) activation energy of thermal decomposition, respectively. The activation energies were lower at larger amounts of sulfate groups from carrageenan on the degradation reactions. The DSC trend for all samples shows two (2) major intense peaks recorded in the DSC thermograms; an endothermic transition at temperature around 100°C and followed by an exothermic transition at temperature around 300°C. The endothermic transition is due to the heat absorption for dehydration of water, H2O and the decomposition of samples process. Meanwhile, the exothermic transition is caused by the formation of H2O, CO and CH4 in polysaccharide film from dehydration, depolymerisation and decomposition at the high-temperature stages.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 80-86
Application of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in prioritizing HAZOP analysis for pilot plant
Authors: Aziz Hanida Abdul , Othman Mohamad Rizza , Shariff Azmi Mohd , Tan Lian See
Published: September 2017

Injuries, accidents or even fatalities while working in pilot plant are reported worldwide. The implementation of process hazards analysis (PHA) in pilot plant is expected to further reduce the risks of accidents. Hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis is one of the most widely used methods for PHA. Generally, the outcome of HAZOP analysis could results in identifying large number of hazards thus poses a challenge for assessors to take actions in dealing with all the hazards. The common practice in prioritizing the critical hazards is based on assessors’ experience through deductive judgment using rating scale, taking into consideration safety and the associated costs. However the novel operations and process used, unproven or changing technology, and lack of safety information due to developmental stages have led to poor hazards prioritization and difficulty in selecting actions. This paper presents an application of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in prioritizing HAZOP analysis for pilot plant. Through this approach, the significant hazards identified using HAZOP will be quantitatively weighted and ranked based on their priority along with the appropriate counter measures to be taken. Application of this approach at the high pressure CO2-hydrocarbon absorption system pilot plants as case study showed that the proposed methodology is capable of identifying and ranking the significant hazards in the process following HAZOP analysis. This is particularly useful as a leading indicator to process designers/engineers/researcher in prioritizing their efforts and resources on more significant hazards, hence prevent accidents of the pilot plant.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 87-95
Comparative study of strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked poly(HEMA-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) and strong anion exchange poly(Styrene-co-EGDMA-co-VBC): Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Abdullah N , Yahya MZ , Mahmod R
Published: September 2017

Strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked of poly(HEMA-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) (PHEV) and strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked of poly(styrene-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) (PSEV) were prepared via amination reaction with dimethylbutyl amine (DMBA) as the amination agent in dried toluene. The resins were characterized by SEM, FTIR, BET and elemental analysis. SEM results showed that there was no significant change of the particles shape after amination reaction for both strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked PHEV and strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked PSEV. Specific surface area (SSA) of strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked PHEV increase from 1035 m2/g to 1090 m2/g when amination reaction take place. However, SSA of strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked PHEV decreased from 124 m2/g to 27 m2/g. From FTIR spectra, significant drop occurred at 1265 cm-1 band after amination reaction of strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked PSEV but SSA of strong anion exchange hypercrosslinkedPHEV showed slightly significant drop. Elemental analysis showed that nitrogen content of strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked PHEV significantly increase from 0.10% to 1.46% resulted to high IEC value. Meanwhile, nitrogen content in strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked PSEV only showed small increment in nitrogen content from 0.36% to 0.63% led to low IEC value.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 96-101
Assessment of Membrane Bioreactor in Treating Spent Sulfidic Caustic Wastewater: Effects of Organic Biomass Concentration and Solid Retention Time
Authors: Mutamim Noor Sabrina Ahmad , Noor Zainura Zainon
Published: September 2017

This paper presents a study on the performance of an Aerobic Submerged u-shaped membrane bioreactor (ASMBR) in treating sulfidic spent caustic (SSC) in terms of mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) concentration and solid retention time (SRT). SSC wastewater is categorized as high strength wastewater and consists of high inorganic and organic matter. U-shape membrane bioreactors have a higher tendency to foul compared to other types of MBR. MLSS concentration and SRT are the major parameters when operating membrane bioreactor. In this study, COD removal recorded reduction of more than 95% for average MLSS concentration runs and 90% for SRTs runs. Meanwhile, sulfide was removed 99%, and formed up to 79% of sulfate. The biofouling for MLSS concentration and SRTs were observed through TMP rate change and TMP average performance, TMP trend and SMP and EPS trends. Biocake layer and biolayer deposited on membrane surface was found influenced by biomass, the inert particulate biomass products accumulating in the reactor.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 102-110
Neural network adaptive real-time optimizing control of industrial processes
Authors: Abdullah Normah , Mohd Razali Muhammad Anas , Ahmed Mohammed Hamood Othman , Nuawi Mohd Zaki , Mustafa Mohd Marzuki , Mohd Nopiah Zulkifli , Mohamed Azah , Mohamad Abu Bakar
Published: September 2017

Real-time optimization (RTO) has attracted considerable interest among researchers and industries for being able to optimise the plant economics such as product efficiency, product quality and process safety in the wake of increasing global competitions. The success of RTO depends much on the quality of model being used in the optimisation. The present study was carried out to explore the use of artificial neural network (ANN) to improve the quality of the model being used in the modified two step (MTS) technique. The MTS is a real-time optimising control algorithm of the modifier adaptation scheme which is used to determine the optimum steady-state control set-points. The proposed new version of MTS technique will be using process model based on ANN. A laboratory scale process of a two continuous stirred tank heat exchanger in series (2CSTHEs) is used as a case study. The multilayer feed forward ANN architecture 4-10-6 with linear function was used to model the 2CSTHEs and then integrates into the MTS technique, the resulted algorithm will be known as Iterative Neural Network Modified Two Step (INNMTS) technique. Simulation studies were conducted to test the performance of the INNMTS technique on the 2CSTHEs process. The results show that the overall value for the coefficient of determination(R2)is equal to one, which indicates adequacy of the model proposed for the prediction of the behavior of 2CSTHEs system. When NN model of 2CSTHEs is applied to the INNMTS technique, the model-plant mismatch is greatly reduced to almost zero, which indicates by significant reduction in the number of iterations to 5which requires by INNMTS compared to 16 iterations by the MTS technique to converge to optimal real solution.

Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 129-138