bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of Technology-Delivered Personalized Feedback on Dietary Patterns in Young Australian Adults in the Advice, Ideas, and Motivation for My Eating (Aim4Me) Study: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Haslam Rebecca L , Pezdirc Kristine , Truby Helen , Attia John , Hutchesson Melinda , Burrows Tracy , Callister Robin , Hides Leanne , Bonevski Billie , Kerr Deborah A , Lubans David , Kirkpatrick Sharon , Rollo Megan , McCaffrey Tracy , Collins Clare E
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Web-based health interventions may be easier to access and time efficient relative to face-to-face interventions and therefore may be the most appropriate mode to engage young adults.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the impact of 3 different levels of personalized web-based dietary feedback and support on changes in diet quality.

METHODS

The Advice, Ideas, and Motivation for My Eating (Aim4Me) study is a 12-month assessor-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of 3 levels of web-based feedback on diet quality, measured using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS). Participants (N=2570) will primarily be recruited via web-based methods and randomized to 1 of 3 groups. Group 1 (control) will receive the Healthy Eating Quiz, a web-based dietary assessment tool that generates a brief feedback report on diet quality. Individuals randomized to this group can use the brief feedback report to make positive dietary changes. Group 2 will receive the Australian Eating Survey, a web-based dietary assessment tool that generates a comprehensive feedback report on diet quality as well as macro- and micronutrient intake. Group 2 will use the comprehensive feedback report to assist in making positive dietary changes. They will also have access to the Aim4Me website with resources on healthy eating and tools to set goals and self-monitor progress. Group 3 will receive the same intervention as Group 2 (ie, the comprehensive feedback report) in addition to a tailored 30-min video consultation with an accredited practicing dietitian who will use the comprehensive feedback report to assist individuals in making positive dietary changes. The self-determination theory was used as the framework for selecting appropriate website features, including goal setting and self-monitoring. The primary outcome measure is change in diet quality. The completion of questionnaires at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months will be incentivized with a monetary prize draw.

RESULTS

As of December 2019, 1277 participants have been randomized.

CONCLUSIONS

The web-based delivery of nutrition interventions has the potential to improve dietary intake of young adults. However, the level of support required to improve intake is unknown.

CLINICALTRIAL

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618000325202; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=374420

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/15999
Assessing the Real-Time Mental Health Challenges of COVID-19 in Individuals With Serious Mental Illnesses: Protocol for a Quantitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Moore Raeanne Cristine , Depp Colin Andrew , Harvey Philip D , Pinkham Amy E
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significant stress and mental health problems among the general public. However, persons at greatest risk for poor mental health outcomes, such as people with serious mental illness, have been largely overlooked.

OBJECTIVE

This paper presents the protocol for a study that aims to examine the mental health impact of COVID-19 and social distancing behaviors in people with serious mental illness and the behaviors undertaken to prevent COVID-19 infection in this group.

METHODS

Participants will include individuals with serious mental illness (eg, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) and nonpsychiatric control participants who are currently participating in or have previously participated in several ongoing parent observational studies. Data will be collected from April 2020 through August 2020. Participants will complete phone interviews at 2 time points to assess their current emotional functioning and discuss the measures they have taken to prevent COVID-19 infection. Baseline (pre-COVID-19) mental health, sampled by ecological momentary assessment over an extended period, will be compared with current mental health, also sampled by ecological momentary assessment over an extended period. Demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors at baseline will be used to examine risk and resilience to current mental health and coping.

RESULTS

The inclusion of participants for the first round of telephone assessments started on April 3, 2020 and will be completed by May 31, 2020. As of April 30, 2020, 101 individuals had completed these first-round assessments. The second round of telephone assessments will likely occur between June 1, 2020, and August 31, 2020. Study results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings will have broad implications for understanding the psychological consequences of COVID-19 among vulnerable persons with serious mental illness and will provide the opportunity to identify targets to reduce negative outcomes in the future. We also hope our efforts will provide a roadmap and resources for other researchers who would like to implement a similar approach.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/19203
Covid 19 and dental practice: A review of literature (Preprint)
Authors: Singh Rohit , Jagadeesh Kyatsandra Narasimhaiah , Kaur Jasvinder , Kochhar Anuraj Singh , Alvi Sadaf , Parihar Anuj Singh
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Covid 19 (coronavirus) is a global concern since it is spreading fast as a droplet infection leading to fever, cough, and acute respiratory disease

OBJECTIVE

This paper aimed to provide an ample literature review of Covid 19 and its implications on dental practice.

METHODS

A systematic literature review was made through Pubmed, Medline database and Google scholar search engine using key words; coronavirus, covid-19, oral health, dental aerosol, dental implicational, management.

RESULTS

A total of 210 articles were reviewed and in this only 59 relevant article pertaining to covid-19 and dentistry were used for this study.

CONCLUSIONS

The current outburst of the coronavirus strain 2019 (COVID-19) represents a public health emergency of global distress. Dentistry is the field of medicine which has suffered a lot. The present article highlighted various challenges and effect of coronavirus on oral health and its implication.

CLINICALTRIAL

not applicable
Telemetric Interventions Offer New Opportunities for Managing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Meta-review (Preprint)
Authors: Eberle Claudia , Stichling Stefanie
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing rapidly worldwide. Simultaneously, technological advances are offering new opportunities for better management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Telemetry, the remote acquisition of patient data via a telecommunication system, is a promising field of application in eHealth and is rapidly gaining importance.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to summarize the current evidences available on the effectiveness of telemetric approaches in T1DM management. This systematic meta-review examined different types of interventions of the technologies used in communication between health care professionals and patients as well as the key outcomes.

METHODS

We performed a systematic search in Web of Science Core Collection, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via PubMed, and CINAHL databases in April 2020 with regard to the effectiveness of telemetric interventions for T1DM. We classified the interventions into 4 categories according to the technology used: (1) real-time video communication, (2) real-time audio communication, (3) asynchronous communication, and (4) combined forms of communication (real-time and asynchronous). We considered various study designs such as systematic reviews, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials and focused on the key outcomes. Additionally, a funnel plot based on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values and different quality assessments were performed.

RESULTS

We identified 17 (6 high quality and 9 moderate quality) eligible publications: randomized controlled trials (n=9), systematic reviews and meta-analyses (n=5), cohort studies (n=2), and qualitative publications (n=1). Of 12 studies, 8 (67%) indicated a (significant or nonsignificant) reduction in HbA1c levels; 65% (11/17) of the studies reported overall (mildly) positive effects of telemetric interventions by addressing all the measured outcomes. Asynchronous interventions were the most successful for patients diagnosed with T1DM, but no technology was clearly superior. However, there were many nonsignificant results and not sustained effects, and in some studies, the control group benefited from telemetric support or increased frequency of contacts.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the currently available literature, this systematic meta-review shows that telemetric interventions cause significant reduction in HbA1c levels and result in overall positive effects in T1DM management. However, more specified effects of telemetric approaches in T1DM management should be analyzed in detail in larger cohorts.
Prototypical Clinical Trial Registry Based on Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR): Design and Implementation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Gulden Christian , Blasini Romina , Nassirian Azadeh , Stein Alexandra , Altun Fatma Betül , Kirchner Melanie , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Boeker Martin
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Clinical trial registries increase transparency in medical research by making information and results of planned, ongoing, and completed studies publicly available. However, the registration of clinical trials remains a time-consuming manual task complicated by the fact that the same studies often need to be registered in different registries with different data entry requirements and interfaces.

OBJECTIVE

This study investigates how Health Level 7 (HL7) Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) may be used as a standardized format for exchanging and storing clinical trial records.

METHODS

We designed and prototypically implemented an open-source central trial registry containing records from university hospitals, which are automatically exported and updated by local study management systems.

RESULTS

We provided an architecture and implementation of a multisite clinical trials registry based on HL7 FHIR as a data storage and exchange format.

CONCLUSIONS

The results show that FHIR resources establish a harmonized view of study information from heterogeneous sources by enabling automated data exchange between trial centers and central study registries.
Psychological and behavioral responses of pregnant women during the early COVID-19 outbreak: Epicenter and non-epicenter regions (Preprint)
Authors: Wu Huailiang , Chan Nga-Kwo , Zhang Casper C.J. , Huang Jian , Wang Huiyun , Yin Zongzhi , Akinwunmi Babatunde , Ming Wai-Kit
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

By middle April 2020, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has spread globally and caused more than 2 million confirmed cases and 140 thousand deaths. During this ongoing outbreak, the psychological demands of pregnant women needed to be acknowledged because they are likely to present symptoms of depression, stress or other mental discomfort during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE

By middle April 2020, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has spread globally and caused more than 2 million confirmed cases and 140 thousand deaths. During this ongoing outbreak, the psychological demands of pregnant women needed to be acknowledged because they are likely to present symptoms of depression, stress or other mental discomfort during pregnancy.

METHODS

A population-based cross-sectional survey was carried out to collect the data of sociodemographic and other psychological assessments and responses through a national online platform. A total of 1901 pregnant women were included in this study. Each participant finished standardized rating scales on stress, depression, and responses to COVID-19. Independent t-test and chi-squared tests were used to compare outcomes between epicenter and non-epicenters in China.

RESULTS

Pregnant women in the epicenter appeared to have a significantly higher prevalence rate of suspected PSTD than the non-epicentral region. A slightly higher proportion of pregnant women in epicenter worried about infectious risks and outcomes related to their fetus. However, no significant difference was found between the probable PPD levels of the two regions. Pregnant women in both epicenter and non-epicentral regions have adapted their behaviors to mitigate the infection risks.

CONCLUSIONS

Epidemic situations could result in higher risks of psychological problems during pregnancy. Even outside of the epicenter, the depressive symptoms of pregnant women were more severe than during regular times. Several implications in antenatal care are also yielded for clinical application especially for countries in the early COVID-19 outbreak due to pandemic.
Estimated Sleep Duration Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Major Metropolitan Areas on Different Continents: Observational Study of Smartphone App Data (Preprint)
Authors: Robbins Rebecca , Affouf Mahmoud , Weaver Matthew D , Czeisler Mark É , Barger Laura K , Quan Stuart F , Czeisler Charles A
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, public health policies to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and its associated disease, COVID-19, have resulted in significant alterations to daily routines (eg, work-from-home policies) that may have enabled longer sleep duration among the general population.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to examine changes in estimated sleep duration in 5 major metropolitan areas before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

We conducted a prospective observational study using estimated sleep duration data obtained from a smartphone app. The data were obtained from regular users of the smartphone app before and after the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. We compared within-subject estimated sleep duration before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using generalized linear mixed models.

RESULTS

Among the 2,871,037 observations, 957,022 (33.3%) were from users in London; 549,151 (19.1%) were from users in Los Angeles; 846,527 (29.5%) were from users in New York City; 251,113 (8.7%) were from users in Seoul; and 267,224 (9.3%) were from users in Stockholm. The average age of the users in the sample was 35 years (SE 11 years). Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, people residing in Seoul had the shortest estimated sleep duration (mean 6 hours 28 minutes, SE 11.6 minutes) and those residing in Stockholm had the longest estimated sleep duration (mean 7 hours 34 minutes, SE 9.9 minutes). The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a 13.7 minute increase in estimated sleep duration when comparing March 2019 and March 2020 (95% CI 13.1-14.3, P<.001) and an increase of 22.3 minutes when comparing April 2019 and April 2020 (95% CI 21.5-23.1, P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

The average estimated sleep duration increased sharply in the months after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This finding suggests that the implementation of COVID-19 mitigation strategies has provided people worldwide with increased opportunities to sleep, which may enhance the response of the immune system to viral pathogens.
Pengaruh Mindfulness Meditation Training terhadap Atensi Selektif pada Siswa SMP
Authors: Mukti Danu , Wimbarti Supra
Published: May 2020

Permasalahan atensi yang meliputi ketidakmampuan dalam memfokuskan perhatian dan mengabaikan stimulus yang tidak relevan terjadi pada sebagian siswa SMP. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan meditasi mindfulness terhadap kemampuan atensi selektif siswa SMP. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen kuasi, dengan desain untreated control group design with dependent pretest and posttest samples. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa SMP kelas VIII yang diambil melalui purposive sampling (15 siswa kelompok eksperimen dan 20 siswa kelompok kontrol). Pengumpulan data menggunakan Computerized Stroop Color Word Test dan soal matematika, serta skala Kentucky Inventory Mindfulness Skills sebagai cek manipulasi. Lembar observasi dan buku harian subjek juga digunakan sebagai data pendukung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan skor interference yaitu t=-4,836 (p=0,000; p<0,05) dan skor matematika (Z=-2,187; p<0,05) pada pengukuran posttest antara kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan usulan logis pada sekolah untuk pengadaan program meditasi mindfulness secara berkala, mengingat pentingnya hal tersebut bagi perkembangan kemampuan atensi selektif dan performasi belajar matematika.
Pelatihan Strategi Koping Fokus Emosi untuk Menurunkan Stres Akademik pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Mahardhani F. Octaffia , Ramadhani Anggitya Nur , Isnanti Rizky Melyn , Chasanah Tri Nur , Praptomojati Ardian
Published: May 2020

Stres akademik menjadi permasalahan yang banyak terjadi pada mahasiswa. Berbagai penyesuaian yang harus dihadapinya dalam peran dan lingkungan barunya tersebut kerapkali menjadi stressor tersendiri, terlebih bagi mahasiswa yang tidak memiliki kemampuan koping yang adaptif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh program pelatihan strategi koping fokus emosi untuk menurunkan tingkat stres akademik pada mahasiswa. Desain studi menggunakan metode eksperimen quasi dengan one group pretest–posttest design. Subjek dalam penelitian berjumlah 16 mahasiswa (M=19,81 tahun; SD=0,911) dari salah satu perguruan tinggi di Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Instrumen pengukuran yang digunakan meliputi Skala Koping Fokus Emosi dan Skala Stres Akademik. Analisis statistik paired sample t-test menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan strategi koping fokus emosi terbukti dapat menurunkan stres akademik pada mahasiswa dengan t(15)=2,149; p=0,048 (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai referensi intervensi bagi program kesehatan mental di perguruan tinggi.
Analisis Geometri dan Konfigurasi Sistem Akuifer Air Tanah Berdasarkan Data Geofisika di Kabupaten Sleman Bagian Timur
Authors: Budiarjo Budiarjo , Hendrayana Heru
Published: May 2020

Penelitian Metode Geolistrik Resistivitas konfigurasi Wenner-Schlumberger dengan bentangan 360 m. kedalaman 75 m. di Kabupaten Sleman Bagian Timur menggambarkan satuan hidrostratigrafi. Model 3D konseptual model sistem akuifer air tanah digunakan untuk menganalisis geometri dan konfigurasinya. Geometri akuifer air tanah secara horizontal, sisi utara batas antara akuifer dan non-akuifer dibedakan secara jelas berupa batuan resistivitas rendah 20 − 50 ohm.m (akuifer minor), 51 − 140 ohm.m (akuifer utama) dengan batuan resistivitas tinggi > 140 ohm.m (akuifug). Berdasarkan pola aliran muka air tanah sisi timur dibatasi oleh Sungai Gendol, sisi barat Sungai Boyong dan sisi selatan Sungai Opak. Di bagian bawah akuifer hasil 3D Konseptual model sistem akuifer air tanah menunjukkan kemenerusan keluar daerah penelitian. Secara vertikal terlihat batas antara akuifer dan non akuifer, namun batas bawah menerus di bawah jangkauan pengukuran. Berdasarkan data Geofisika Geolistrik Resistivitas, konfigurasi sistem akuifer air tanah di Kabupaten Sleman Bagian Timur, tersusun oleh satu akuifer diselingi oleh lapisan non-akuifer yang tidak menerus.
Malaria, Collapsing Glomerulopathy, and Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Amoura Ariane , Moktefi Anissa , Halfon Matthieu , Karras Alexandre , Rafat Cédric , Gibier Jean-Baptiste , Gleeson Patrick J. , Servais Aude , Argy Nicolas , Maillé Pascale , Belenfant Xavier , Gueutin Victor , Delpierre Alexia , Tricot Leila , El Karoui Khalil , Jourde-Chiche Noémie , Houze Sandrine , Sahali Dil , Audard Vincent
Published: May 2020

Background and objectives

Malaria, a potentially life-threatening disease, is the most prevalent endemic infectious disease worldwide. In the modern era, the spectrum of glomerular involvement observed in patients after malarial infections remains poorly described.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We therefore performed a retrospective multicenter study to assess the clinical, biologic, pathologic, and therapeutic characteristics of patients with glomerular disease demonstrated by kidney biopsy in France within 3 months of an acute malaria episode.

Results

We identified 23 patients (12 men), all but 1 of African ancestry and including 10 patients with concomitant HIV infection. All of the imported cases were in French citizens living in France who had recently traveled back to France from an endemic area and developed malaria after their return to France. Eleven patients had to be admitted to an intensive care unit at presentation. Plasmodium falciparum was detected in 22 patients, and Plasmodium malariae was detected in 1 patient. Kidney biopsy was performed after the successful treatment of malaria, a mean of 24 days after initial presentation. At this time, all patients displayed AKI, requiring KRT in 12 patients. Nephrotic syndrome was diagnosed in 17 patients. Pathologic findings included FSGS in 21 patients and minimal change nephrotic syndrome in 2 patients. Among patients with FSGS, 18 had collapsing glomerulopathy (including 9 patients with HIV-associated nephropathy). In four patients, immunohistochemistry with an antibody targeting P. falciparum histidine-rich protein-2 demonstrated the presence of the malaria antigen in tubular cells but not in podocytes or parietal epithelial cells. An analysis of the apoL1 risk genotype showed that high-risk variants were present in all seven patients tested. After a mean follow-up of 23 months, eight patients required KRT (kidney transplantation in two patients), and mean eGFR for the other patients was 51 ml/min per 1.73 m2.

Conclusions

In patients of African ancestry, imported Plasmodium infection may be a new causal factor for secondary FSGS, particularly for collapsing glomerulopathy variants in an APOL1 high-risk variant background.
Clinical Features of Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China
Authors: Wu Jun , Li Jushuang , Zhu Geli , Zhang Yanxia , Bi Zhimin , Yu Yean , Huang Bo , Fu Shouzhi , Tan Yiqing , Sun Jianbin , Li Xiangyou
Published: May 2020

Background and objectives

Previous reports on the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 were on the basis of data from the general population. Our study aimed to investigate the clinical features of patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In this retrospective, single-center study, we included 49 hospitalized patients on maintenance hemodialysis and 52 hospitalized patients without kidney failure (controls) with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 at Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University from January 30, 2020 to March 10, 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiologic characteristics and treatment and outcomes data were analyzed. The final date of follow-up was March 19, 2020.

Results

The median age of 101 patients was 62 years (interquartile range, 49–72). All patients were local residents of Wuhan. In terms of common symptoms, there were differences between patients on hemodialysis and controls (fatigue [59% versus 83%], dry cough [49% versus 71%], and fever [47% versus 90%]). Lymphocyte counts were decreased (0.8×109/L [patients on hemodialysis] versus 0.9×109/L [controls], P=0.02). Comparing patients on hemodialysis with controls, creatine kinase–muscle and brain type, myoglobin, hypersensitive troponin I, B-type natriuretic peptide, and procalcitonin were increased, and the percentage of abnormalities in bilateral lung was higher in computed tomographic scan (82% versus 69%, P=0.15) and unilateral lung was lower (10% versus 27%, P=0.03). Common complications including shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, arrhythmia, and acute cardiac injury in patients on hemodialysis were significantly higher. Compared with controls, more patients on hemodialysis received noninvasive ventilation (25% versus 6%, P=0.008). As of March 19, 2020, three patients on hemodialysis (6%) were transferred to the intensive care unit and received invasive ventilation. Seven patients on hemodialysis (14%) had died.

Conclusions

The main symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia, including fever and cough, were less common in patients on hemodialysis. Patients on hemodialysis with coronavirus disease 2019 were at higher risk of death.
Emerging Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies: Implications for Nursing Practice
Authors: Denis-Lalonde Dominique , Estefan Andrew
Published: May 2020

Background

Psychedelic-assisted therapy research is demonstrating unprecedented rates of success in treating mental illness, addictions, and end-of-life distress. This psychedelic renaissance is a turning point in how complex human conditions can be treated and has implications for nursing knowledge, advocacy, and practice internationally.

Objective

This article aims to explore the current state of knowledge in the field of psychedelic-assisted therapy and the practice implications for nurses.

Methods

A scoping review of the literature was undertaken with a focus on mental health, addictions, and palliative care indications. Commentaries, syntheses, and reviews from the last 20 years were included, as well as all relevant primary study results. We then explored what is known about the nurse's past and present role in this field.

Results

The nurse's role in psychedelic-assisted therapy and research has been hitherto mostly invisible and thus remains under-explored and undefined. The profession is ideally positioned, however, to contribute to the future of this promising field.

Conclusion

As advocates for safe, ethical, and interdisciplinary practice, nurses can lead the development of psychedelic-assisted therapy practice, ethics, research, advocacy, policy, and education. This article provides guidance and support for prescient nursing leadership in these areas.
Tendencias tecnológicas de depuración de lixiviados en rellenos sanitarios iberoamericanos
Authors: Zafra-Mejía Carlos , Romero-Torres Diego
Published: May 2020

Este artículo identifica y analiza las tendencias en los enfoques y tecnologías de depuración del lixiviado utilizadas a nivel mundial e implementadas en rellenos sanitarios Iberoamericanos. Se utilizó una metodología de búsqueda sistemática de literatura entre los años 1990-2016. Se empleó también un índice de frecuencia de citación bibliográfica con el fin de establecer un orden de importancia promedio mediante cuartiles (Q) para los enfoques y tecnologías detectadas en las bases de datos consultadas. Los resultados permiten identificar seis enfoques principales de depuración en Iberoamérica: biológico (49,5 %) > térmico (17,0 %) > natural (9,80 %) > fisicoquímico (9,60 %) > membranas (8,90 %) > recirculación (5,20 %). Se observa también una mayor frecuencia de citación del enfoque biológico a nivel Iberoamericano (49,5 %) que a nivel mundial (34,1 %). Los hallazgos sugieren el siguiente orden de importancia para las principales tecnologías de depuración en Iberoamérica: combinación con aguas residuales (Q3) > lodos activados (Q3) > aireación (Q4) > humedales artificiales (Q4) > recirculación (Q4). En promedio, la tecnología de lodos activados exhibe probablemente una menor variación y mayores porcentajes de remoción de DBO5, DQO y N-NH4 (DBO5: 54-98 %; DQO: 44-90 %; N-NH4: 81-99 %) en relación con la tecnología de combinación con aguas residuales (DBO5: < 5,0-93 %; DQO: < 5,0-86 %; N-NH4: < 5,0-34 %). El análisis geográfico sugiere que en la zona norte iberoamericana se reportan con mayor frecuencia las tecnologías de recirculación (13,5 %) y lodos activados (10,8 %), mientras que en la zona sur se reportan más las tecnologías de humedales artificiales (24,3 %) y combinación con aguas residuales (16,2 %). En la última década de estudio (2006-2016) se reportaron con mayor frecuencia a nivel iberoamericano las tecnologías de depuración mediante humedales artificiales y lodos activados (56,7 %).
Estudio del efecto de la geometría de un secador solar típico para café con CFD
Authors: Vélez-Piedrahita Santiago , Ciro-Velásquez Héctor José , Osorio-Saraz Jairo Alexander , Largo-Avila Esteban
Published: May 2020

El objetivo de la presente fue modelar el comportamiento térmico de un secador solar típico para café tomando en consideración algunas configuraciones geométricas en la apertura de ventanas, en pos de mejorar las condiciones de secado natural al interior de la estructura. El modelo se simuló con datos experimentales en un secador solar típico en Colombia con Ansys CFX®. Los resultados mostraron que la geometría con una apertura del 25 % en la ventana para la salida del aire aumentó la temperatura sobre la capa de café hasta 4,2 °C con respecto a la temperatura ambiente, lo cual garantiza uniformidad en el secado, mientras la geometría típica con una apertura del 100 % aumentó la temperatura hasta 3,6 °C, no obstante, con ambas aperturas se aumentó la humedad relativa sobre la capa de café hasta 0,7 % con respecto a la humedad relativa ambiental. Con la apertura máxima de las ventanas disminuyó la humedad relativa del aire.
Re-visiting the External Debt-Economic Growth Question in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mazorodze Brian Tavonga
Published: May 2020

This paper quantifies the threshold effect of external debt on economic growth in Zimbabwe between 1980 and 2016. Results from the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) technique confirm that external debt (up to 57% of GDP) raises economic growth. Beyond the 57% of GDP threshold, external debt lowers growth. A separate analysis of variance shows that the mean GDP per capita is lower by 11% when external debt exceeds 57%. From the sample average, the 57% of GDP threshold suggests that debt stock above 4.7 billion USD can be detrimental to the country’s long-run growth prospects. Currently, Zimbabwe’s external debt is standing at over 11 billion USD which is way above the estimated threshold level. Therefore, the policy implication arising from this paper is that the country’s Finance Minister needs to pursue debt-reduction strategies given that the country’s stock of external debt is already sitting in the growth-reducing territory.
Reciprocity Between Skeletal Muscle AMPK Deletion and Insulin Action in Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Lantier Louise , Williams Ashley S. , Williams Ian M. , Guerin Amanda , Bracy Deanna P. , Goelzer Mickael , Foretz Marc , Viollet Benoit , Hughey Curtis C. , Wasserman David H.
Published: May 2020

Insulin resistance due to overnutrition places a burden on energy-producing pathways in skeletal muscle (SkM). Nevertheless, energy state is not compromised. The hypothesis that the energy sensor AMPK is necessary to offset the metabolic burden of overnutrition was tested using chow-fed and high-fat (HF)–fed SkM-specific AMPKα1α2 knockout (mdKO) mice and AMPKα1α2lox/lox littermates (wild-type [WT]). Lean mdKO and WT mice were phenotypically similar. HF-fed mice were equally obese and maintained lean mass regardless of genotype. Results did not support the hypothesis that AMPK is protective during overnutrition. Paradoxically, mdKO mice were more insulin sensitive. Insulin-stimulated SkM glucose uptake was approximately twofold greater in mdKO mice in vivo. Furthermore, insulin signaling, SkM GLUT4 translocation, hexokinase activity, and glycolysis were increased. AMPK and insulin signaling intersect at mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a critical node for cell proliferation and survival. Basal mTOR activation was reduced by 50% in HF-fed mdKO mice, but was normalized by insulin stimulation. Mitochondrial function was impaired in mdKO mice, but energy charge was preserved by AMP deamination. Results show a surprising reciprocity between SkM AMPK signaling and insulin action that manifests with diet-induced obesity, as insulin action is preserved to protect fundamental energetic processes in the muscle.
Slowed Metabolic Decline After 1 Year of Oral Insulin Treatment Among Individuals at High Risk for Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) and TrialNet Oral Insulin Prevention Trials
Authors: Sosenko Jay M. , Skyler Jay S. , Herold Kevan C. , Schatz Desmond A. , Haller Michael J. , Pugliese Alberto , Cleves Mario , Geyer Susan , Rafkin Lisa E. , Matheson Della , Palmer Jerry P.
Published: May 2020

We assessed whether oral insulin slowed metabolic decline after 1 year of treatment in individuals at high risk for type 1 diabetes. Two oral insulin trials that did not show efficacy overall and had type 1 diabetes as the primary end point were analyzed: the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) and the TrialNet oral insulin trials. Oral glucose tolerance tests at baseline and after 1 year of treatment were analyzed. Among those at high risk (with a Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 Risk Score [DPTRS] ≥6.75), the area under the curve (AUC) C-peptide increased significantly from baseline to 1 year in each oral insulin group, whereas the AUC glucose increased significantly in each placebo group. At 1 year, the AUC C-peptide/AUC glucose (AUC Ratio) was significantly higher in the oral insulin group than in the placebo group in each trial (P < 0.05; P = 0.057 when adjusted for age in the TrialNet trial) and in both trials combined (P < 0.01 with or without adjustment for age). For a DPTRS <6.75, oral insulin groups did not differ from placebo groups in the AUC Ratio. The findings suggest that 1 year of treatment with oral insulin slows metabolic deterioration in individuals at high risk for type 1 diabetes. Moreover, the findings further suggest that metabolic end points can be useful adjuncts to the diagnostic end point in assessments of preventive treatments for the disorder.
Self-Efficacy and Diabetes Self-Management in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the United States: A Systematic Review
Authors: Qin Weidi , Blanchette Julia E. , Yoon Miyoung
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE | This study aimed to systematically review the existing literature on the relationship between self-efficacy and diabetes self-management in middle-aged and older adults in the United States and to determine whether the relationship applies across race and ethnicity.

METHODS | Study selection followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method. Studies published between 1990 to 2018 that investigated self-efficacy and diabetes self-management in middle-aged and older adults were searched using eight search engines: PsycINFO, CINAHL, SocIndex, AgeLine, MedLine, Social Science Citation Index, Cochrane Library, and Academic Search Complete. Only quantitative studies were included.

RESULTS | Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Ten studies found significant association between self-efficacy and at least one self-management behavior, which included exercise, healthy diet, adherence to medication, blood glucose testing, and foot care. Findings were mixed regarding the role of self-efficacy in exercise and medication adherence. Higher self-efficacy in Mexican Americans predicted better self-management behaviors, whereas no relationship between self-efficacy and diabetes self-management was found in a sample of Black and White participants. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed. In general, the included studies demonstrated moderate methodological quality. Their limitations included inconsistency in the self-efficacy measures, a lack of longitudinal studies, and confounding bias.

CONCLUSION | Self-efficacy has significant effects on self-management in middle-aged and older adults, but the effects may differ by race. Efforts to improve self-efficacy and deliver culturally appropriate services could potentially promote self-management behaviors in middle-aged and older adults with diabetes.
Antioxidant effects of N-acetylcysteine prevent programmed metabolic disease in mice
Authors: Admin Ada , Charron Maureen J. , Williams Lyda , Seki Yoshinori , Du Xiu Quan , Chaurasia Bhagirath , Saghatelian Alan , Summers Scott A. , Katz Ellen B. , Vuguin Patricia M. , Reznik Sandra E.
Published: May 2020

An adverse maternal in utero environment can program
offspring for increased risk for metabolic disease. The aim of this study was
to determine whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an anti-inflammatory antioxidant, attenuates
programmed susceptibility to obesity and insulin resistance in high fat diet (HFD)
offspring. CD1 female mice were acutely fed a standard breeding chow or HFD. NAC
was added to the drinking water (1g/kg) of the treatment cohorts from embryonic
day 0.5 (e0.5) until the end of lactation. NAC treatment normalized HFD-induced
maternal weight gain and oxidative stress, improved the maternal lipidome and
prevented maternal leptin resistance. These favorable changes in the in
utero environment normalized postnatal growth, decreased white adipose
tissue (WAT) and hepatic fat, improved glucose and insulin tolerance and
antioxidant capacity, reduced leptin and insulin and increased adiponectin in
HFD offspring. The lifelong metabolic improvements in the offspring were
accompanied by reductions in pro-inflammatory gene expression in liver and WAT
and increased thermogenic gene expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT). These
results, for the first time, provide a mechanistic rationale for how NAC can
prevent the onset of metabolic disease in the offspring of mothers who consume a
typical Western HFDs.
Implementation of Prisoners' Self-Guidance Development at Penitentiary Institutions to Eradicate Negative Stigma
Authors: Febrianto Dewa Dermawan
Published: May 2020

In Law 12 of 1995 concerning Correctional, it is explained that the convict is someone who has obtained permanent legal force from the court for violating the law he commited and placed in a correctional institution. In undergoing their criminal term in correctional institution they receive guidance in order to realize their mistakes, improve themselves, and no longer to repeat their criminal acts, so that they can be readmitted into the community. In the process of their return to the community, many of them were struggled to adapt again, because of  negative stigmatization of the community. The impact is they will find hard to get a decent job, will be exclude from the community, and even worse they will did their crime again. In correctional institution there is a term for recidivist or a term for those ex-convict who have been released but go back again into correctional institution  for repeating their crime. In this case many opinions from outside assume if the coaching process was given did not go well or failed. So in the study will discuss how to disperse the negative stigma of ex-convicts through the implementation results of the guidance that has been given into the community.
Effect of Sanitation on Health of Prisoner Physical in Class IIA Bekasi
Authors: Fahrurroji Muhammad
Published: May 2020

Health for prisoners is very important and good sanitation is a factor in creating health itself. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of the sanitation factors that influence the health conditions of inmates in Bekasi Class IIA Penitentiary. This type of research is quantitative descriptive with the cross-sectional approach by comparing independent variables and dependent variables identified only once and at the same time. From the results of the dissemination and evaluation by the prisoners. The results showed that the condition of residential cells in Lapas Class IIA Bekasi was good. This can be seen from the average obtained on the condition of residential cell forging conditions that show a scale above 4, which means the respondents agree that the condition of the residential cell is good. Based on research conducted by researchers in Bekasi Class IIA Lapas, it shows that the sanitation condition of Lapas affects the health conditions of prisoners. Following the concept of the epidemiological triangle of causes and processes of disease occurrence.
Application of Behavioral Counseling with Modeling Techniques and Social Skill to Improve Self Change
Authors: Andayani Ni Nyoman Sri Agustini , Dharsana I Ketut , Suranata Kadek
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to improve the Self Change character of SMK Negeri 3 Denpasar Students. The low character of self-change of students is very interesting to be discussed and disclosed in a research study. This type of research is Experimental Research, with the design of pretest-group control group design. This research population is all class X of SMK Negeri 3 Denpasar. A sample of 102 students was taken randomly from the class and from the results of the distribution of self-change questionnaires, which were calculated using the T formula. The results of modeling techniques and social skills techniques showed that social skills techniques were effective in increasing self-change characteristics, while Modeling techniques were not effective change. This result is evidenced by the value of Fcount obtained at 29.944 and Ftable of 5.29. Compared to the value of Fcount with Ftable it is found that Fcount> Ftable with a significance level (p)> 0.01, it can be concluded that there are differences in the effectiveness of behavioral counseling between modeling techniques with Skill techniques Social to self change
Fire disaster preparedness of public buildings in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Adeleye Oluwaseyi Igbekele
Published: May 2020

Fire outbreaks have risen to a worldwide attention in recent years as both an environmental and economic issue. Despite the fact that nothing could be sustainably done to completely stop the occurrence of fire disaster, something could be done to mitigate the spread. This study therefore assessed fire preparedness and mitigation provisions in the events of fire disaster in public buildings in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. Disaster Preparedness provided the conceptual framework for this study. Cross-sectional survey was adopted in this study. Forty three (43) public buildings and one hundred and eight (108) building users were conveniently selected and sampled. Data were gathered through direct observation and questionnaire administration in selected buildings. Findings showed that banks, social buildings and hospitals were the public buildings more committed to providing and maintaining fire safety equipment. The study also revealed that 51.9% of the occupants of the public buildings have poor knowledge in the operation of fire safety installations.  The study concluded by recommending that existing fire safety provisions in building codes should be reviewed and implemented with defaulters punished according to the law. Additionally, public building occupants should be compelled to participate in regular training on fire safety, fire disaster first aid and evacuation procedure.
Climate change mitigation and agriculture: measures, costs and policies – A literature review
Authors: Ollikainen Markku , Lankoski Jussi , Lötjönen Sanna
Published: May 2020

We review the literature on climate change mitigation in agriculture with a focus on the use of climate policy instruments to incentivize the adoption of greenhouse gas mitigation measures. We develop an economic model characterizing the production decisions in animal and crop production farms and link our discussion on policy instruments to them. We review mitigation measures and their cost-effectiveness in reducing emissions. Given the multiple sources of agricultural emissions, the literature finds carbon taxes and emissions trading to perform best. The challenges involved in measuring and verifying changes in emissions make the implementation of policies targeting all sources of emissions difficult. Second-best policies addressing a subset of emissions, such as those from ruminants or mineral fertilizers, are more feasible but less efficient. Carbon sequestration in arable soils, while technically promising, faces the problems of heterogeneity in sequestration capacity, measurement, verification and permanence of sequestration. The variation of estimates on emissions reduction, abatement costs and differences in model simulations is large. A better basis for policy designs is needed.
Biodiversity in intensive and extensive grasslands in Finland: the impacts of spatial and temporal changes of agricultural land use
Authors: Tiainen Juha , Hyvönen Terho , Hagner Marleena , Huusela-Veistola Erja , Louhi Pauliina , Miettinen Antti , Nieminen Tiina , Palojärvi Ansa , Seimola Tuomas , Taimisto Pauliina , Virkajärvi Perttu
Published: May 2020

Biodiversity degradation is a national and global problem which is interconnected with land use and climate change. All these are major unsolved questions and their interactions are only partly understood. Agriculture and especially cattle farming is under keen societal focus because of its significant role in soil carbon losses, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and biodiversity preservation. We reviewed the Finnish scientific literature to assess the impact of intensive contra extensive grass production on biodiversity using vascular plants, vertebrates, invertebrates and soil biota. Still a few decades ago, mixed farming was prevailing almost everywhere in Finland, but nowadays cereal production is essentially clustered in the southwest and milk and beef production in the northeast. This is reflected in the distribution of intensive (connected with cattle) and extensive grasslands (both types of farming). The bird community was most abundant and species rich in farmland which provides small fields in large blocks of farmland and many kinds of crops, including both intensive and extensive grasslands. Overall permanent grasslands with rather simply vegetation diversity can maintain a diverse community of spiders and leafhoppers, and act as overwintering habitat for polyphagous predators in field ecosystems. The ecological requirement of all species and species groups are probably never met at one site and consequently target should be in having differently managed areas at regional scale. For some of the taxa, ecosystem services could be indicated, but a research-based quantitative assessment is available only for carbon sequestration and weak impact of dung-beetles in diminishing GHG emissions from cow pats. Our review demonstrated that quite much is known about biodiversity in extensively managed grasslands, but very little in intensively managed grasslands. An important question is whether there is some threshold for the proportion of grasslands under which regional biodiversity will be reduced. Intensive production offers limited value to replace the high biodiversity value of semi-natural pastures.
Трансвентрикулярная имплантация протеза «МедЛАБ-КТ» в позицию клапана легочной артерии
Authors: Bazylev V.V. , Voevodin A.B. , CHernogrivov A.E. , Slastin IA.S.
Published: May 2020

Реконструкция выводного отдела правого желудочка часто используется в детской кардиохирургии. Однако с возрастом у пациентов, перенесших подобное вмешательство, зачастую развивается дисфункция клапана легочной артерии, что приводит к необходимости выполнения повторных операций. Транскатетерные клапанные вмешательства представляют собой безопасную и эффективную альтернативу стандартным открытым операциям с отсутствием необходимости использования искусственного кровообращения и кардиоплегии, а также ассоциированных сними осложнений. В данной работе представлен первый случай транскатетерного протезирования клапана легочной артерии российским протезом МедЛаб-КТ . Представленный клинический случай с хорошими клиническими и гемодинамическими результатами на госпитальном этапе показывает возможность транскатетерной замены клапана легочной артерии с использованием протеза МедЛАБ-КТ .