bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finding The Needs of Breastfeeding Mother Accompaniment for Successful Exclusive Breastfeeding Until 6 Months in Semarang City: A Mixed Method
Authors: Irmawati  , Nugraheni Sri Achadi , Sulistiyani  , Sriatmi Ayun
Published: November 2022

Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life is important to prevent nutritional problems. WHO has recommended that all babies should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life. However, its practice in Indonesia is not optimal yet (38%). The aim of this study to assess the characteristics of breastfeeding accompaniment needed by exclusive breastfeeding mothers for the success of exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months. This study used mixed methods, both a cross-sectional survey of 148 mothers breastfeeding infants aged over six months in five PHCs with low level of exclusive breastfeeding coverage and unstructured interviews were conducted by ten PHC midwives in five PHC areas. Most of breastfeeding mothers were housewives, multipara, secondary education, and only (33,8%) breastfeed exclusively. The characteristics of accompaniment needed included scheduled home visits by companion (73.0%), providing information with direct practice by companion and according to the problems experienced by the mothers (77.8%), and accompaniment conducted 0-6 postpartum (85.8%). The qualitative findings that home visits to postpartum mothers by companion carried out only once or twice during the postpartum period with a focus on infant health. In conclusion, most of breastfeeding mothers still need accompaniment during the breastfeeding exclusive period or until 6 months postpartum.
Risk Factors for Adolescent Pregnancy in the New Normal Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Qurniyawati Eny , Martini Santi , Syahrul Fariani , Sari Dewi Maya , Lubis Rahayu , Mohamed Gomaa Nasr Nayla
Published: November 2022

Cases of early marriage are reported to have increased during the pandemic due to stressed teenagers with the pressure of online learning. The increase in this number plays a role in increasing the risk of teenage pregnancy. This study aimed to analyse the risk factors for adolescent pregnancies during the new normal era of the COVID-19 pandemic. A case-control design using a simple random sampling technique involved 40 pregnant adolescents aged 15-19 years and 80 non-pregnant adolescents during the online learning period (July 2021 to January 2022) in Ngawi Regency, Indonesia. Data obtained from interviews were analysed to find Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Results showed factors associated with adolescent pregnancies were underpaid parental income (OR 4.00, 95%CI 1.64–9.74), authoritarian and permissive parenting (OR 12.75, 95%CI 4.71–34.46), lack of exposure to media about reproductive health (OR 7.91, 95%CI 3.32–18.84), risky dating behaviour (OR 37.09, 95%CI 4.86–283.25), and smoking habit (OR 5.57, 95%CI 1.03–30.12). Preventing adolescent pregnancies could be done through public health education focusing on adolescent communities, parent-child discussion on reproductive health, as well as exposure to educative media related to reproductive health and the impacts of juvenile delinquency.
Fertility Situation among Urban and Rural Residents in Indonesia; Based on Indonesian Census 2010
Authors: Nugroho Purwo Setiyo , Matahari Ratu , Sunarti Sri
Published: November 2022

Indonesia is a large country with a big share of the world’s population. The fertility rate can vary in different areas caused of some factors, including culture, socioeconomic status, education, social support, etc. This research analyzed the census data in 2010, examining the fertility rate differential in urban and rural areas in Indonesia using the Brass method. The method estimated indirect estimation of the fertility rate, including adjusted age-specific fertility rate (ASFR), adjusted total fertility, and adjusted birth rate. The descriptive analysis explained the fertility situation in Indonesia’s urban and rural areas. The result revealed that the adjusted ASFR in urban areas was higher than in rural areas when women were aged 25-39, while in the rural areas, the adjusted ASFR was higher than in the urban area when women were aged 15-24. The estimated number of birth have a similar pattern with adjusted ASFR. Rural regions have higher total fertility, birth rate, and general fertility rates than urban residents. Marriage status and contraceptive use impact fertility differences between urban and rural areas. In conclusion, rural areas had a higher fertility rate than urban areas based on the Indonesian census 2010.
Optimality conditions for MPECs in terms of directional upper convexifactors
Authors: Gadhi Nazih Abderrazzak , Ohda Mohamed
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we investigate necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints. For this goal, we introduce an appropriate type of MPEC regularity condition and a stationary concept given in terms of directional upper convexificators and directional upper semi-regular convexificators. The appearing functions are not necessarily smooth/locally Lipschitz/convex/continuous, and the continuity directions’ sets are not assumed to be compact or convex. Finally, notions of directional pseudoconvexity and directional quasiconvexity are used to establish sufficient optimality conditions for MPECs.
Politische Überzeugung als Grundlage der
Hebammen*arbeit
Authors: Kerlen-Petri Katharina
Published: November 2022

Seit 2019 gibt es in Berlin das queerfeministische Hebammen*kollektiv
Cocoon. Mehrere Hebammen*haben sich zusammengetan und auf den Weg
gemacht, „Menschen vom Kinderwunsch über Schwangerschaft und
Geburt bis zum Ende des ersten Lebensjahres des Kindes“ zu begleiten,
wie es auf der Webseite des Kollektivs zu lesen ist. Diesen Wunsch formulieren
viele Hebammenpraxen, was unterscheidet Cocoon hier?
Frauen mit Behinderung und Frauen mit chronischer Erkrankung
adäquat betreuen
Authors: Lange Ute
Published: November 2022

Schwangere Frauen mit chronischen Erkrankungen oder mit einer Behinderung haben
besonderen Unterstützungsbedarf. Was müssen Hebammen darüber
wissen? Wie lassen sich die physiologischen Anteile von Schwangerschaft, Geburt und
Wochenbett bei Frauen dieser zunehmenden Betreuungsgruppe stärken? Diese
Fragen beantwortet Professorin Dr. Ute Lange auf dem Forum Hebammenarbeit vom 18.
bis 19. November in Mainz.
Erleben des Geburtsbeginns und der Latenzphase sowie Chancen
für die Betreuung
Authors: Grylka Susanne , Müller Antonia Nathalie , Hünig Johanna , Stamm Anja
Published: November 2022

Die Differenzierung der Eröffnungsphase in eine Latenzphase und eine
aktive Eröffnungsphase hat sich international durchgesetzt. Jedoch ist
die Definition des Geburtsbeginns bis heute uneinheitlich. Die Physiologie und
der Betreuungsbedarf während der Latenzphase sind in den Fokus der
Wissenschaft gerückt: Wann ist der richtige Zeitpunkt für die
Klinikaufnahme? Welche Konsequenzen haben Interventionen für den
Geburtsverlauf? Wie können Hebammen das individuelle Erleben und die
individuellen Bedürfnisse der Frau während der Latenzphase
beurteilen? Forschende aus der Schweiz liefern Antworten.
Die Latenzphase: Ein bio-psychosozialer
Übergang
Authors: Schwaighofer Eva-Maria
Published: November 2022

Der Geburtsbeginn ist ein physiologisch detailliert ausgeklügelter
Prozess, ein Zusammenspiel vieler Faktoren bei Mutter und Kind – und er
ist störanfällig. Stress beeinträchtigt den Verlauf der
Latenzphase. Eine vertrauenswürdige Atmosphäre trägt
maßgeblich dazu bei, dass sich regelmäßige, aktive
Eröffnungswehen einstellen. Durch physische und psychische
Fürsorge während der Latenzphase können Hebammen den
Geburtsverlauf positiv beeinflussen.
Accuracy of Flash Glucose Monitoring in Hemodialysis Patients With
and Without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Weber Michèle R. , Diebold Matthias , Wiesli Peter , Kistler Andreas D.
Published: November 2022

Aims Glucose and insulin metabolism are altered in hemodialysis patients,
and diabetes management is difficult in these patients. We aimed to validate
flash glucose monitoring (FGM) in hemodialysis patients with and without
diabetes mellitus as an attractive option for glucose monitoring not requiring
regular self-punctures.

Methods We measured interstitial glucose using a FreeStyle Libre device in
eight hemodialysis patients with and seven without diabetes mellitus over 14
days and compared the results to simultaneously performed self-monitoring of
capillary blood glucose (SMBG).

Results In 720 paired measurements, mean flash glucose values were
significantly lower than self-measured capillary values (6.17±2.52 vs.
7.15±2.41 mmol/L, p=1.3 E-86). Overall, the mean
absolute relative difference was 17.4%, and the mean absolute difference
was 1.20 mmol/L. The systematic error was significantly larger
in patients without vs. with diabetes (− 1.17 vs.
− 0.82 mmol/L) and on dialysis vs. interdialytic
days (−1.09 vs. −0.90 mmol/L). Compared to
venous blood glucose (72 paired measurements), the systematic error of FGM was
even larger (5.89±2.44 mmol/L vs.
7.78±7.25 mmol/L, p=3.74E-22). Several
strategies to reduce the systematic error were evaluated, including the addition
of +1.0 mmol/L as a correction term to all FGM values,
which significantly improved accuracy.

Conclusions FGM systematically underestimates blood glucose in
hemodialysis patients but, taking this systematic error into account, the system
may be useful for glucose monitoring in hemodialysis patients with or without
diabetes.
Best Practice Recommendations for the Safe use of Lung Ultrasound
Authors: Wolfram Frank , Miller Douglas , Demi Libertario , Verma Prashant , Moran Carmel M , Walther Marcel , Mathis Gebhard , Prosch Helmut , Kollmann Christian , Jenderka Klaus-Vitold
Published: November 2022

The safety of ultrasound is of particular importance when examining the lungs, due to specific bioeffects occurring at the alveolar air-tissue interface. Lung is significantly more sensitive than solid tissue to mechanical stress. The causal biological effects due to the total reflection of sound waves have also not been investigated comprehensively.

On the other hand, the clinical benefit of lung ultrasound is outstanding. It has gained considerable importance during the pandemic, showing comparable diagnostic value with other radiological imaging modalities.

Therefore, based on currently available literature, this work aims to determine possible effects caused by ultrasound on the lung parenchyma and evaluate existing recommendations for acoustic output power limits when performing lung sonography.

This work recommends a stepwise approach to obtain clinically relevant images while ensuring lung ultrasound safety. A special focus was set on the safety of new ultrasound modalities, which had not yet been introduced at the time of previous recommendations.

Finally, necessary research and training steps are recommended in order to close knowledge gaps in the field of lung ultrasound safety in the future.

These recommendations for practice were prepared by ECMUS, the safety committee of the EFSUMB, with participation of international experts in the field of lung sonography and ultrasound bioeffects.
Prognosis of Liposarcoma Patients in Modern ERA: Single-Center Experience
Authors: Demir Metin , Güven Denizcan , Aktaş Burak Yasin , Güner Gürkan , Aktepe Oktay Halit , Taban Hakan , Karakaş Yusuf , Kılıçkap Sadettin , Kars Ayşe , Türker Alev , Dizdar Ömer
Published: November 2022

Objective Liposarcomas are relatively rare tumors. Prognostic and predictive factors and treatment options are limited. We herein presented our 10-year experience with liposarcomas.

Materials and Methods Adult patients with liposarcoma treated between 2005 and 2015 in our center were included. Demographic and clinicopathologic features of patients were retrieved from patient files.

Statistical Analyses Outcomes in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed along with potential prognostic factors using Kaplan–Meier analyses.

Results A total of 88 patients were included. The median age was 52. Rates of well-differentiated (WDLS), dedifferentiated (DDLS), myxoid (MLS), and pleomorphic liposarcomas (PLS) were 42, 9.1, 37.5, and 4.5%, respectively. Only 10% of patients had high-grade tumors and 93% had localized disease. Ninety-six percent of patients (n = 84) underwent surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapy was delivered to 16 patients. The most common regimen was ifosfamide–doxorubicin. Recurrences were observed in 30 patients, 21 had local, and 9 had distant metastasis. Five-year DFS of patients with the localized disease was 68%. All patients with PLS had relapses and those had the highest distant relapse rates among all subtypes. Multivariate analysis showed T stage and grade were associated with DFS. Five-year OS of the entire population was 68%. Five-year OS was 79, 76, 50, and 0% in WDLS, MLS, DDLS, and PLS, respectively (p = 0.002).

Conclusion Management of liposarcomas is still challenging. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Novel effective therapies are needed, particularly in advanced disease settings.
A Case of Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis Following Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection—A Rare Presentation
Authors: Singh Kushagra , Lohiya Sham , Ganvir Shubhangi , Damke Sachin
Published: November 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) results from infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Typical presentations include fever, shortness of breath, and cough though neurological manifestations have been rarely reported. Acute necrotizing encephalitis is a rare manifestation of COVID-19 and can be associated with devastating neurological outcomes. Difficulty in timely acquisition of neuroimaging and high rates of early mortality in these patients hinder timely diagnosis. In this clinicoradiological syndrome, patients suffer from rapidly worsening encephalopathy in first 2 weeks of illness and necrotizing parenchymal changes on neuroimaging. The pathophysiology is hypothesized to occur due to cytokine storm, blood–brain-barrier dysfunction, and viral-mediated immune dysregulation leading to endotheliopathy. Early immunomodulatory treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and steroids is associated with a favorable outcome. Here, we report a one-and-half-year-old boy who presented with fever, seizures, and decreased activity since 3 days. He was noted to have hypertonia in all four limbs with exaggerated deep tendon reflexes. Nasopharyngeal reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. Magnetic resonance imaging brain was suggestive of acute necrotizing encephalopathy. Patient was treated with steroids.
Targeted Renal Biopsy: Predictors on Imaging
Authors: Trivedi Janki , Talwar Arpit , Nada Ahmed , Li Simon , Lee Adele , Sutherland Tom R.
Published: November 2022

Objectives The renal nephrometry score uses imaging characteristics such as lesion diameter, location, and proximity to hilar vessels to categorize renal masses by complexity for preoperative planning. These characteristics may also be used to determine the best approach to targeted renal biopsy. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of renal lesion characteristics as measured by the renal nephrometry score on the choice of modality used for performing a targeted renal lesion biopsy and increasing the chance of yielding a diagnostic biopsy.

Materials and Methods All targeted computed tomography (CT)/ultrasound-guided renal biopsies performed by our radiology department from January 2017 to February 2020 were reviewed. Radiological characteristics and pathological outcomes were recorded with data on lesion size/ side, location in craniocaudal/anterior–posterior planes, endophytic/exophytic/mixed nature, and skin-lesion distance.

Statistical Analysis Chi-squared tests, multivariate analysis, and t-tests were used in this study.

Results Of the 145 consecutive patients included in the study, 86.2% (125/145) biopsies were diagnostic. About 54.5% (79/145) biopsies were ultrasound-guided, while 45.5% (66/145) were CT-guided. About 62.1% (90/145) biopsies revealed renal cell carcinoma. The highest rate of diagnostic biopsy was in the exophytic, laterally positioned mass either entirely below lower polar or above upper polar line. Ultrasound was preferred for lesions under 4cm and 4 to 7cm (p = 0.06). CT was used for anterior lesions and ultrasound for posterior and lateral lesions (p < 0.001). Of the 20 nondiagnostic biopsies, 7/20 had a repeat biopsy, 7/20 underwent surveillance, 5/20 underwent partial or total nephrectomy, and 1/20 underwent a pathological lymph node biopsy.

Conclusions Our study highlights some factors radiologists should consider when predicting whether CT or ultrasound guidance is more appropriate and the probability of achieving a diagnostic biopsy based on lesion characteristics. At our institution, both modalities achieved high accuracy, although we favored ultrasound in lateral, posterior, and small lesions. These factors should be weighed against local experience and preference.
Identifying Genetic Etiology in Patients with Intellectual Disability: An Experience in Public Health Services in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: de Carvalho Acacia Fernandes Lacerda , Alves Esmeralda Santos , Pitanga Paula Monique Leite , Ribeiro Erlane Marques , Doriqui Maria Juliana Rodovalho , Toralles Maria Betânia Pereira , Topázio Bianca Arcaro , dos Santos Jéssica Fernandes , de Lima Renata Lúcia Leite Ferreira , Kulikowski Leslie Domenici , Acosta Angelina Xavier
Published: November 2022

Intellectual disability (ID) is considered a common neuropsychiatric disorder that affects up to 3% of the population. The etiologic origin of ID may be genetic, environmental, and multifactorial. Chromosomopathies are relatively common among the genetic causes of ID, especially in the most severe cases and those associated with dysmorphic features. Currently, the application of new molecular cytogenetics technologies has increasingly allowed the identification of microdeletions, microduplications, and unbalanced translocations as causes of ID. The objective of this study was to investigate the etiology of ID in patients admitted to a public hospital in Northeastern Brazil. In total, 119 patients with ID who had normal karyotypes and fragile X exams participated in this study. The patients were initially physically examined for microdeletion syndromes and then tested using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), methylation-sensitive polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR), and chromosome microarray analysis (CMA), according to clinical suspicion. Patients with no diagnoses after FISH, MLPA, and/or MS-PCR evaluations were subsequently tested by CMA. The rate of etiologic diagnoses of ID in the current study was 28%. FISH diagnosed 25 out of 79 tested (31%), MLPA diagnosed 26 out of 79 tested (32%), MS-PCR diagnosed 7 out of 20 tested (35%), and the single nucleotide polymorphism array diagnosed 6 out of 27 tested (22%). Although the CMA is the most complete and recommended tool for the diagnosis of microdeletions, microduplications, and unbalance translocations in patients with ID, FISH, MLPA, and MS-PCR testing can be used as the first tests for specific syndromes, as long as the patients are first physically screened clinically, especially in the public health networks system in Brazil, where resources are scarce.
Organized interests in post-communist policy-making: a new dataset for comparative research
Authors: Dobbins Michael , Labanino Rafael Pablo , Riedel Rafał , Czarnecki Szczepan , Horváth Brigitte , Szyszkowska Emilia
Published: November 2022

This article familiarizes readers with the international research project ‘The Missing Link: Exploring Organized Interests in Post-Communist Policy-Making’ (OrgIntCEE). The project team has focused on how populations of organized interests in the region have evolved, how they interact with state institutions as well as the group-specific characteristics driving access to policy-makers. The project also explores how Europeanization has affected post-communist interest groups as well as other factors contributing to their “coming-of-age.” We provide a comprehensive overview of the population ecology and survey datasets, while shedding light on the challenges during the data collection process. After a short overview of the project context and structure, we present some country-specific aggregated data on organizational densities and their political activity. We also reflect on potential uses for the data, before wrapping up the article with a self-critical assessment of what could have been done differently as a roadmap for future research.
Assessment of advanced xDH@B3LYP methods in describing various potential energy curves driven by π-π, CH/π, and SH/π non-bonded interactions
Authors: Tan Shiqian , Wang Yizhen , Zhang Igor Ying , Xu Xin
Published: November 2022

Accurate description of potential energy curves driven by non-bonded interactions remains a great challenge for pure density functional approximations (DFAs). It is because the R−6 decay behavior of dispersion cannot be intrinsically captured by the (semi)-local ingredients and the exact-exchange used in the popular hybrid DFAs. Overemphasizing the accuracy on the equilibrium region for the functional construction would likely deteriorate the overall performance on the other regions of potential energy surfaces. In consequence, the empirical dispersion correction becomes the standard component in DFAs to treat the non-bonded interactions. In this Letter, we demonstrate that without the use of empirical dispersion correction, doubly hybrid approximations, in particular two recently proposed revXYG3 and XYG7 functionals, hold the promise to have a balanced description of non-bonded interactions on the whole potential energy curves for several prototypes of π-π, CH/π, and SH/π interactions. The error of revXYG3 and XYG7 for non-bonded interactions is around 0.1 kcal/mol, and their potential energy curves almost coincide with the accurate CCSD(T)/CBS curves.
Cubic GaN and InGaN/GaN quantum wells
Authors: Binks D. J. , Dawson P. , Oliver R. A. , Wallis D. J.
Published: November 2022

LEDs based on hexagonal InGaN/GaN quantum wells are dominant technology for many lighting applications. However, their luminous efficacy for green and amber emission and at high drive currents remains limited. Growing quantum wells instead in the cubic phase is a promising alternative because, compared to hexagonal GaN, it benefits from a reduced bandgap and is free of the strong polarization fields that can reduce the radiative recombination rate. Initial attempts to grow cubic GaN in the 1990s employed molecular beam epitaxy, but now, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition can also be used. Nonetheless, high phase purity requires careful attention to growth conditions and the quantification of any unwanted hexagonal phase. In contrast to hexagonal GaN, in which threading dislocations are key, at its current state of maturity, the most important extended structural defects in cubic GaN are stacking faults. These modify the optical properties of cubic GaN films and propagate into active layers. In quantum wells and electron blocking layers, segregation of alloying elements at stacking faults has been observed, leading to the formation of quantum wires and polarized emission. This observation forms part of a developing understanding of the optical properties of cubic InGaN quantum wells, which also offer shorter recombination lifetimes than their polar hexagonal counterparts. There is also growing expertise in p-doping, including dopant activation by annealing. Overall, cubic GaN has rapidly transitioned from an academic curiosity to a real prospect for application in devices, with the potential to offer specific performance advantages compared to polar hexagonal material.
Charge-transfer-enhanced d–d emission in antiferromagnetic NiPS3
Authors: Tan Qishuo , Luo Weijun , Li Tianshu , Cao Jun , Kitadai Hikari , Wang Xingzhi , Ling Xi
Published: November 2022

The d electron plays a significant role in determining and controlling the properties of magnetic materials. However, the d electron transitions, especially d–d emission, have rarely been observed in magnetic materials due to the forbidden selection rules. Here, we report an observation of d–d emission in antiferromagnetic nickel phosphorus trisulfides (NiPS3) and its strong enhancement by stacking it with monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2). We attribute the observation of the strong d–d emission enhancement to the charge transfer between NiPS3 and WS2 in the type-I heterostructure. The d–d emission peak splits into two peaks, D1 and D2, at low temperature below 150 K, from where an energy splitting due to the trigonal crystal field is measured as 105 meV. Moreover, we find that the d–d emissions in NiPS3 are nonpolarized lights, showing no dependence on the zigzag antiferromagnetic configuration. These results reveal rich fundamental information on the electronic and optical properties of emerging van der Waals antiferromagnetic NiPS3.
Anisotropic photoconduction in ultrathin CuO: A nonreciprocal system?
Authors: Ranjan Ashish K. , Jha Priyanka A. , Jha Pardeep K. , Singh Prabhakar
Published: November 2022

With the recent global surge in the research on perovskite halides, CuO is one of the binary oxides, which gets attention as a hole transport material. In centrosymmetric CuO, parity-time (PT) violation leads to photoconduction. The PTsymmetry can be preserved if the system were non-reciprocal. Thus, in the current work, we fabricated an ultra-thin film of CuO using pulsed laser deposition and observed anisotropic photoconduction. The semiconductor parameters estimated from the photoresponse suggest that the relative value of free charge carrier density is neither altered significantly with thickness reduction nor with light exposure as it is quite low (∼10−7) suggesting high trap (deep) density. Further, anisotropic photocurrent in the absence of an electric field suggests the alteration in electromagnetic potential due to the existence of self-biasing and structural asymmetry. The application of Gauge field variance on 2D photonic metasurface reveals the non-chiral nature. It is suggesting T-symmetry breaking, and, therefore, the possibility of the photonic Aharonov–Bohm effect is expected in CuO thin films.
Tuning of spin-wave transmission and mode conversion in microscopic YIG waveguides with magnonic crystals
Authors: Kuznetsov Nikolai , Qin Huajun , Flajšman Lukáš , van Dijken Sebastiaan
Published: November 2022

We report experimental results on spin-wave propagation, transmission gap tuning, and mode conversion in straight, curved, and Y-shaped yttrium iron garnet waveguides with magnonic crystals made of submicrometer-wide airgrooves. We observe forbidden frequency gaps with sizes up to 200 MHz in straight waveguides and narrowing of the gaps in curved and Y-shaped waveguides. The spin-wave transmission signal is strongly suppressed inside the gaps and remains high at allowed frequencies for all waveguide types. Using super-Nyquist sampling magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy, we image symmetric and asymmetric spin-wave interference patterns, the self-focusing of propagating spin waves, and interconversions between width modes with different quantization numbers.
Mass-zero constrained dynamics for simulations based on orbital-free density functional theory
Authors: Coretti A. , Baird T. , Vuilleumier R. , Bonella S.
Published: November 2022

A new algorithm for efficient and fully time-reversible integration of first-principles molecular dynamics based on orbital-free density functional theory (OFDFT) is presented. The algorithm adapts to this nontrivial case, the recently introduced Mass-Zero (MaZe) constrained dynamics. The formalism ensures that full adiabatic separation is enforced between nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom and, consequently, that the exact Born–Oppenheimer probability for the nuclei is sampled. Numerical integration of the MaZe dynamics combines standard molecular dynamics algorithms, e.g., Verlet or velocity Verlet, with the SHAKE method to impose the minimum conditions on the electronic degrees of freedom as a set of constraints. The developments presented in this work, which include a bespoke adaptation of the standard SHAKE algorithm, ensure that the quasilinear scaling of OFDFT is preserved by the new method for a broad range of kinetic and exchange–correlation functionals, including nonlocal ones. The efficiency and accuracy of the approach are demonstrated via calculations of static and dynamic properties of liquid sodium in the constant energy and constant temperature ensembles.
Comparative study of the H and D abstraction in the H + CH3D reaction with a ten-dimensional quantum dynamics model
Authors: Yang Mingjuan , Cheng Tong , Zheng Rui , Song Hongwei , Yang Minghui
Published: November 2022

The mode selectivity in the prototypical H + CH3D reaction is investigated by the initial state selected time-dependent wave packet method within a ten-dimensional quantum dynamics model. The model is a novel reduced dimensional model for the X + YCZ3 reaction, which allows the CZ3 to break C3V symmetry. The calculated reaction probabilities initially from different reactant vibrational states show that the CH3 stretching modes excitations obviously promote the H-abstraction reaction but have a slight influence on the D-abstraction reaction. In contrast, the CD stretching mode excitation significantly enhances the D-abstraction reaction. For both H- and D-abstraction reactions, the excitation of either the CH3 umbrella bending mode or the CH3 rocking mode shows a promotional effect on the reactivity, while fundamental excitation of the CH3 bending mode has a negligible effect. Impressively, the first-overtone excitation of CH3 bending mode remarkably promotes the H-abstraction reaction, resulting from the 1:2 Fermi coupling between the CH3 symmetric stretching mode and the first overtone of CH3 bending mode. In addition, translational energy is more efficient than vibrational energy in promoting the H-abstraction reaction at low energy, while vibrational energy becomes more efficient for the D-abstraction reaction.
Introduction
Authors: Bangga Galih
Published: November 2022

Wind power has been part of the history since long time ago. Humans have utilized the energy from the wind to improve the quality of their life. Wind turbine technology, as a direct descendant of the ancient wind-powered machines, has benefited from this long development process. This chapter will provide a brief introduction into the history of wind turbine and how the current wind turbine technology grows. The rapid development of wind turbines possess new challenges to be addressed accordingly. This chapter is aimed at providing the readers some major milestones in wind turbine development to foster interest and curiosity especially about the aerodynamics wind turbines.
Seed priming and soil application of zinc decrease grain cadmium accumulation in standard and zinc-biofortified wheat cultivars
Authors: Umar Ayta , Hussain Shahid
Published: November 2022

Context Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal for both plants and humans. Wheat grown on Cd-contaminated soils may accumulate toxic levels of Cd in grains. Aim This study aimed to compare soil zinc (Zn) application and seed Zn-priming for decreasing grain Cd concentration in standard and Zn-biofortified wheat cultivars grown on Cd-spiked soil. Methods Standard (Jauhar-2016) and Zn-biofortified (Zincol-2016) wheat cultivars were grown in pots filled with Cd-spiked soil (8 mg Cd kg−1). The tested Zn treatments were un-primed, hydro-primed, and Zn-primed seeds with and without soil Zn application at 8 mg kg−1. Key results Zinc treatments significantly mitigated the toxic effects of Cd on the growth and physiological parameters of both cultivars. As compared to control, all Zn treatments significantly increased Zn and decreased Cd concentration in grains of the cultivars. On average, the maximum increase in grain Zn concentration over control was approximately 36% with Zn-priming + soil Zn. The same treatment, as compared to control, decreased grain Cd concentration by 42% in Zincol-2016 and 35% in Jauhar-2016. Grain Cd concentration was within the permissible level (≤0.2 mg kg−1) in Jauhar-2016 at all Zn treatments and in Zincol-2016 at Zn-priming + soil Zn. Conclusion Soil Zn application, seed Zn-priming, and their combination were effective in decreasing grain Cd accumulation in wheat grown on Cd-contaminated soil. Implication Zinc treatments, especially the combination of soil Zn application and seed Zn-priming, should be recommended for wheat grown on Cd-contaminated soil.
The biology of giant ostracods (Crustacea, Cyprididae), a review focusing on the Mytilocypridinae from Australian inland waters
Authors: Rahman Mahabubur , Chaplin Jennifer , Pinder Adrian
Published: November 2022

This study uses published and unpublished data to create a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of available information on a little-known group of invertebrates, namely, non-marine giant ostracods (cypridids ≥3 mm long). Approximately 8% of the ∼1000 living cypridid species are identified as ‘giant’. They occur in a range of subfamilies, in all zoogeographic regions, except Antarctica, and mainly in small standing-water ecosystems. Only those in the subfamily Mytilocypridinae are reasonably well studied. This subfamily is endemic to Australia and comprises a diverse range of giant species (∼29 species in 6 genera), mainly in temporary habitats, mostly salt lakes, including in extreme conditions. We evaluate the current taxonomy of the Mytilocypridinae, analyse patterns in the field distributions and abiotic tolerances of species, and review the general biology of these ostracods. We also identify those species most in need of consideration in conservation planning, highlight critical gaps in knowledge and show how these ostracods could serve as useful models for testing ecological and evolutionary theories. The results of this study can be used to inform conservation planning for giant ostracods and direct further study of these unique invertebrates, which are an important component of the biodiversity of small standing-water ecosystems.
Finding lobsters: investigating a period of unusually low settlement of
Authors: Kolbusz Jessica , Pattiaratchi Charitha , Wijeratne Sarath , Langlois Tim , de Lestang Simon
Published: November 2022

Context Spiny lobsters are critically affected by ocean current movements over their long journey from hatching to swimming post-larvae (puerulus). Methods Isolating three different larval stages of the Western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus), we have applied three-dimensional larval-dispersal modelling techniques Aims To better understand a period of unusually low puerulus settlement in the late 2000s. Key results Model results showed that transport mechanisms assisting pueruli in reaching nearshore habitats may have been inhibited by a strengthening of the southward-flowing Leeuwin Current over the austral summer at the settlement stage. As a result, modelled pueruli were transported significantly less northward, in some cases southward, during and after the period of unusually low settlement. Hatching-stage trajectories also suggest increased dispersal off the coast during 2007 and 2008, transporting modelled larvae further offshore and possibly contributing to decreased recruits into the fishery. Conclusions Our study distinguishes the influence that ocean circulation patterns off Western Australia have on three different larval stages. Implications Larval dispersal modelling of pueruli, therefore, provides a possible explanation for the changes in puerulus settlement over the past two decades and future considerations.
‘We are largely left out’: workplace and psychosocial experiences of Australian general practitioners during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gu Allen , Willis Karen , Kay Margaret , Hutt Kathryn , Smallwood Natasha
Published: November 2022

Background The COVID-19 pandemic continues to exert a significant toll on the Australian primary healthcare system. Although wellbeing challenges faced by hospital-based healthcare workers are widely discussed, less is known about the experiences of general practitioners (GPs) during the initial phases of the pandemic. This paper reports qualitative survey data from Australian GPs, examining their workplace and psychosocial experiences during the initial months of the pandemic. Methods An Australia-wide, cross-sectional, online survey of frontline healthcare workers was conducted in 2020. A qualitative approach using content analysis was utilised to examine responses to four free-text questions from GPs. Results A total of 299 GPs provided 888 free-text responses. The findings reveal that general practice was overlooked and undervalued within the pandemic response, resulting in negative impacts on GP wellbeing. Four themes were identified: (1) marginalisation of GPs; (2) uncertainty, undersupported and undervalued in the workplace; (3) isolation and disrupted personal lives; and (4) strategies to support GPs during times of crises. Key concerns included poor access to personal protective equipment, occupational burnout and poor wellbeing, insufficient workplace support, and conflicting or confusing medical guidelines. Conclusions Primary healthcare constitutes an essential pillar of the Australian healthcare system. This study presents the many factors that impacted on GP wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Enabling GP voices to be heard and including GPs in decision-making in preparation for future crises will enhance the delivery of primary care, reducing the burden on hospital services, and help sustain a safe and effective health workforce long term.
Detecting fake-review buyers using network structure: Direct evidence from Amazon
Authors: He Sherry , Hollenbeck Brett , Overgoor Gijs , Proserpio Davide , Tosyali Ali
Published: November 2022

Online reviews significantly impact consumers’ decision-making process and firms’ economic outcomes and are widely seen as crucial to the success of online markets. Firms, therefore, have a strong incentive to manipulate ratings using fake reviews. This presents a problem that academic researchers have tried to solve for over two decades and on which platforms expend a large amount of resources. Nevertheless, the prevalence of fake reviews is arguably higher than ever. To combat this, we collect a dataset of reviews for thousands of Amazon products and develop a general and highly accurate method for detecting fake reviews. A unique difference between previous datasets and ours is that we directly observe which sellers buy fake reviews. Thus, while prior research has trained models using laboratory-generated reviews or proxies for fake reviews, we are able to train a model using actual fake reviews. We show that products that buy fake reviews are highly clustered in the product reviewer network. Therefore, features constructed from this network are highly predictive of which products buy fake reviews. We show that our network-based approach is also successful at detecting fake review buyers even without ground truth data, as unsupervised clustering methods can accurately identify fake review buyers by identifying clusters of products that are closely connected in the network. While text or metadata can be manipulated to evade detection, network-based features are more costly to manipulate because these features result directly from the inherent limitations of buying reviews from online review marketplaces, making our detection approach more robust to manipulation.
De novo sequencing and construction of a unique antibody for the recognition of alternative conformations of cytochromecin cells
Authors: Tomasina Florencia , Martínez Jennyfer , Zeida Ari , Chiribao María Laura , Demicheli Verónica , Correa Agustín , Quijano Celia , Castro Laura , Carnahan Robert H. , Vinson Paige , Goff Matt , Cooper Tracy , McDonald W. Hayes , Castellana Natalie , Hannibal Luciana , Morse Paul T. , Wan Junmei , Hüttemann Maik , Jemmerson Ronald , Piacenza Lucía , Radi Rafael
Published: November 2022

Cytochromec(cytc) can undergo reversible conformational changes under biologically relevant conditions. Revealing these alternative cytcconformers at the cell and tissue level is challenging. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) identifying a key conformational change in cytcwas previously reported, but the hybridoma was rendered nonviable. To resurrect the mAb in a recombinant form, the amino-acid sequences of the heavy and light chains were determined by peptide mapping–mass spectrometry–bioinformatic analysis and used to construct plasmids encoding the full-length chains. The recombinant mAb (R1D3) was shown to perform similarly to the original mAb in antigen-binding assays. The mAb bound to a variety of oxidatively modified cytcspecies (e.g., nitrated at Tyr74 or oxidized at Met80), which lose the sixth heme ligation (Fe-Met80); it did not bind to several cytcphospho- and acetyl-mimetics. Peptide competition assays together with molecular dynamic studies support that R1D3 binds a neoepitope within the loop 40–57. R1D3 was employed to identify alternative conformations of cytcin cells under oxidant- or senescence-induced challenge as confirmed by immunocytochemistry and immunoaffinity studies. Alternative conformers translocated to the nuclei without causing apoptosis, an observation that was further confirmed after pinocytic loading of oxidatively modified cytcto B16-F1 cells. Thus, alternative cytcconformers, known to gain peroxidatic function, may represent redox messengers at the cell nuclei. The availability and properties of R1D3 open avenues of interrogation regarding the presence and biological functions of alternative conformations of cytcin mammalian cells and tissues.
Interindividual variability in metabolic adaptation of non‐exercise activity thermogenesis after a 1‐year weight loss intervention in former elite athletes
Authors: Nunes Catarina L. , Rosa Gil B. , Jesus Filipe , Heymsfield Steven B. , Minderico Cláudia S. , Martins Paulo , Sardinha Luis B. , Silva Analiza M.
Published: November 2022

Lack of efficacy of weight loss(WL) interventions is attributed in‐part to low adherence to dietary/physical activity(PA) recommendations. However, some compensation may occur in PA as a response to energy restriction such as a decrease in non‐exercise PA(NEPA) or non‐exercise activity thermogenesis(NEAT). The current study aim was (1) to investigate whether adaptive thermogenesis(AT) in NEAT occurs after WL, and (2) to understand the associations of these compensations with WL. Ninety‐four former athletes [mean±SD, age: 43.0±9.4y, BMI: 31.1±4.3 kg/m2, 34.0% female] were recruited and randomly assigned to intervention or control groups (IG, CG). The IG underwent a one‐year lifestyle WL‐intervention; no treatments were administered to the CG. PA was measured using accelerometery and NEAT was predicted with a model including sample baseline characteristics. AT was calculated as measuredNEAT4mo/12mo(kcal/d)–predictedNEAT4mo/12mo(kcal/d)‐measuredNEATbaseline(kcal/d)–predictedNEATbaseline(kcal/d). Dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry was used to assess fat‐free mass and fat mass. No differences were found in the IG for NEAT or NEPA after WL. Considering mean values, AT was not found for either group. The SD of individual response (SDIR) for AT was −2(4‐months) and 24(12‐months) (smallest worthwhile change = 87kcal/d), suggesting that the interindividual variability regarding AT in NEAT is not relevant and the variability in this outcome might reflect a large within‐subject variability and/or a large degree of random measurement error. No associations were found between AT in NEAT and changes in body composition. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms behind the large variability in AT observed in NEAT and related changes in NEPA to better implement lifestyle‐induced WL interventions.
Relativistic solutions of generalized-Dunkl harmonic and anharmonic oscillators
Authors: Hassanabadi S , Kříž J , Lütfüoğlu B C , Hassanabadi H
Published: November 2022

Dunkl derivative enriches solutions by discussing parity due to its reflection operator. Very recently, one of the authors of this manuscript presented one of the most general forms of Dunkl derivative that depends on three Wigner parameters to have a better tuning. In this manuscript, we employ the latter generalized Dunkl derivative in a relativistic equation to examine two dimensional harmonic and anharmonic oscillators solutions. We obtain the solutions by Nikiforov-Uvarov and quasi-exact solvability (QES) methods, respectively. We show that degenerate states can occur according to the Wigner parameter values.
Loop Quantum Gravity motivated multihorizon rotating black holes
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Islam Shafqat Ul , Ghosh Sushant G.
Published: November 2022

With a semiclassical polymerization in the loop quantum gravity (LQG), the interior of the Schwarzschild black holes provides a captivating single-horizon regular black hole spacetime. The shortage of rotating black hole models in loop quantum gravity (LQG) substantially restrains the progress of testing LQG from observations. Motivated by this, starting with a spherical LQG black hole as a seed metric, we construct a rotating spacetime using the revised Newman-Janis algorithm, namely, the LQG-motivated rotating black holes (LMRBH), which encompasses Kerr (l = 0) black holes as an exceptional case. We discover that for any random l > 0, unlike Kerr black hole, an extremal LMRBH refers to a black hole with angular momentum a > M. The rotating metric, in parameter space, describes (1) black holes with an event and Cauchy horizon, (2) black holes with three horizons, (3) black holes with only one horizon or (4) no horizon spacetime. We also discuss the horizon and global structure of the LMRBH spacetimes and its dependence on l/M that exhibits rich spacetime structures in the (M, a, l) parameter space.
Hazma meets HERWIG4DM: precision gamma-ray, neutrino, and positron spectra for light dark matter
Authors: Coogan Adam , Morrison Logan , Plehn Tilman , Profumo Stefano , Reimitz Peter
Published: November 2022

We present a new open-source package,Hazma 2, that computes accurate spectra relevant for indirect dark matter searches for photon, neutrino, and positron production from vector-mediated dark matter annihilation and for spin-one dark matter decay. The tool bridges across the regimes of validity of two state of the art codes:Hazma 1, which provides an accurate description below hadronic resonances up to center-of-mass energies around 250 MeV, andHerwig4DM, which is based on vector meson dominance and measured form factors, and accurate well into the few GeV range. The applicability of the combined code extends to approximately 1.5 GeV, above which the number of final state hadrons off of which we individually compute the photon, neutrino, and positron yield grows exceedingly rapidly. We provide example branching ratios, particle spectra and conservative observational constraints from existing gamma-ray data for the well-motivated cases of decaying dark photon dark matter and vector-mediated fermionic dark matter annihilation. Finally, we compare our results to other existing codes at the boundaries of their respective ranges of applicability.Hazma 2is freely available on GitHub athttps://github.com/LoganAMorrison/Hazma.