bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic Banking, Its Use And Safety. Are There Differences In The Access Of Bank Customers By Gender, Education And Age?
Authors: Belás Jaroslav , Korauš Michal , Gabčová Lenka
Published: February 2020

Electronic banking is an important area of banking activities, under which the commercial banks try to retain existing clients or attract new customers through a better quality of service and decrease in prices of these services. The aim of the article was to examine selected attributes of security and the use of electronic banking and quantify differences in approach of the bank customers by gender, education and age. Our research confirmed that the dominant part of banking customers use electronic access when managing their personal finances. We found out that there are some differences in the approach of the bank customers in terms of their education. The customers with higher education to a greater extent and more intensively use electronic banking. In the safety area, we did not find any significant differences between banking clients by gender, education and age. The only exception is the finding that clients up to 35 years are significantly more confident in the use of electronic banking through public networks.
Exploring Consumers’ Propensity For Online Shopping In A Developing Country: A Demographic Perspective
Authors: Kwarteng Michael Adu , Pilik Michal
Published: February 2020

The advent of the Internet continues to open new frontiers in digital marketing. One visible impact of the Internet in marketing has been the growing increase in online transactions which profits marketers and seemingly satisfies customers.  However,in developing countries, the potential of online shopping has not been fully explored, and in some cases, are just non- existent. Lack of online infrastructure has often been attributed to the slower growth in online transactions in Africa, however, the customers’ preparedness and inclination to use the service is ignored. .Against this backdrop, this study seeks to analyze consumers’ propensity to engage in online transactions with a focus on demographic attributes such as age, gender and education. Using customers in Ghana as a case study, key reasons as well as the demographics that fancy online transactions are revealed. The results indicate that delivery problems, poor internet connection, privacy and security issues are some of the reasons preventing customers to shop online
Calculation and spatial distribution of capitalization rates in the selected segment of reality properties
Authors: Ardielli Eva , Ardielli Jiří , Slavata David
Published: February 2020

The process of real property valuation by usage of income approaches is significantly affected by capitalization rate. This article deals with problematic of the capitalization rate determination in the real estate segment of apartments in the Ostrava city. It primarily aims to calculate the level of gross capitalization rate according to different urban localities of Ostrava, for various sizes of apartments, as well depending on the type of apartment ownership. The analysis of the real estate market is an important part of the research. It is focused on the offer of apartments from the perspective of market apartments for sale and also of market apartments for rent. The analyzed and calculated spatial values distributions are consequently processed into cartographic outputs.
THE CULTURAL ENTREPRENEUR: CONSTITUTION, ORGANIZATION AND WAYS OF OPERATING
Authors: OLIVA ABARCA Jesús Eduardo
Published: February 2020

Cultural entrepreneurship is proposed as a working alternative for the graduates and the professionals who are involved in the cultural production, either as artists or writers, or as cultural promoters, managers, or cultural merchandisers. Although cultural entrepreneurship is a frequent practice in developed economies, in developing countries, such as México, it is an emerging process. Therefore, an inquiry about cultural entrepreneurs was necessary in order to comprehend their organizational and working ways. This study was limited to a local analysis of cultural entrepreneurs in visual arts, audiovisual production, and graphic design in the Mexican state of Nuevo León. The study was structured on the basis of the following research question: how is an entrepreneurial initiative in visual arts, audiovisual production and graphic design established, organized, and operated in the Mexican state of Nuevo León? The research results were categorized into three main topics: the first one is the constitution of the cultural initiatives, a theme which comprises the motives, the expectations and the starting resources of the cultural entrepreneurs interviewed. The second topic refers to the organization of their projects, which consists of the structure of the initiatives of the cultural entrepreneurs. The third topic refers to their operational modes, which includes the main activities of the cultural entrepreneurs and their promotional practices.
POSSIBILITIES FOR THE USE OF INFORMATION OBTAINED BY USING INFORMATION AND TECHNICAL MEANS AND MEANS OF OPERATIVE-SEARCH ACTIVITIES IN OTHER CRIMINAL MATTERS
Authors: KURUCOVÁ Zuzana
Published: February 2020

Information that were obtained legally using information and technical means and means of operative-search activities have the nature of evidence in criminal proceedings. The nature of evidence is granted directly to this information, not to the media where they are recorded. In the case of legal use, this information has the nature of evidence in the criminal case, but the provisions of Criminal Procedure Code in the Slovak Republic contribute significantly to the detection and proving of serious criminal offences, because such information can be indirectly used also in other criminal case. Problematic is the fact that the Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic adopted differing positions precisely on these options of the use of evidence in other criminal case, this dispute was also joined by the Prosecutor's office and this application problem has not been resolved even by the unifying opinion at the level of the Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic. There is therefore still an open question from the point of argumentation and application, what evidence can be used also in other criminal cases or under what conditions.
YOUTH CRIME AS A AVAILABILITY PROBLEM
Authors: TITTLOVÁ Marcela
Published: February 2020

Criminal behavior of youth is a constantly current problem. It is not a new problem, a new one emerging and exploring. In the historical context, we meet him quite early. Likewise, we are punished with the possibilities and attempts to solve it. As we are currently talking about a very topical issue, it is clear that this phenomenon is not quite at the professional and legal level. Instead, rather than the consequences, it is necessary to examine the causes of the criminal behavior of youth. Often, they are conditioned by the criminal behavior themselves against the children taking these patterns and models into their behavior and their reactions. From the point of view of the possibilities of solution, then we get completely into other areas and other spheres.
THE IMPACT OF SELECTED FACTORS ON THE QUALITY OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Authors: Kotaskova Anna , Rozsa Zoltan
Published: February 2020

The paper’s aim is to examine the dependence of the quality of the business environment on defined technological factors (availability of human capital and research and development infrastructure) and to define and quantify significant technological factors that create the quality of the business environment in the SMEs segment. Part of its goal was the comparison of the defined factors between the Czech Republic (CR) and the Slovak Republic (SR). In connection with the stated research goal, a questionnaire survey was conducted among businesses operating in the SME segment. Through this research, 312 companies were surveyed in the Czech Republic and 329 companies in the Slovak Republic. To achieve the primary goal of the article, methods such as correlation analysis and multiple linear regression modelling (t-tests, F-ratio, adjusted coefficient of determination, and so on) were applied. The results of the research have brought interesting findings. Research and development infrastructure, as well as the availability of human capital are important factors that have a positive impact on the business environment in both countries.
MANAGEMENT OF TRAVEL AND TRANSPORT DESTINATIONS' PRESENTATION IN THE TRAVEL SPECIALIZED PRINT MEDIA
Authors: Jupowicz-Ginalska Anna , Paták Milan
Published: February 2020

The article presents the results of the quantitative and qualitative research of presentation of the selected travel and transport destinations in the travel specialized print media with the focus on the impact of the ownership structure and geographical affiliation. The authors accomplished two research goals: firstly, they examined the scale of popularisation of travel destinations in two contexts: the geographical one (division into continents, countries and cities) and the chronological one (investigating changes in popularising particular travel destinations and referring them to the broader political or social context of a given time). Secondly, they indicated the differences or similarities in the selection of the destinations at the macro-level (among magazines, i.e. their editorial policies or affiliation to publishing companies) and at the micro-level (between the main and supporting cover stories). The results show that the selection of destinations displayed on the front covers of magazines is related to their editorial policy, which is secondary related to the ownership structure.
DIFFERENCES IN THE CONCEPT OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN V4 COUNTRIES
Authors: Virglerova Zuzana
Published: February 2020

Risk management is one of the entrepreneurial knowledge to reduce business risks. The aim of the article is to compare the access to risk management in SMEs in the Visegrad countries (V4). The attention is focused on the differences in a perception of the importance of various risks, the choice of the person responsible for risk management and the frequency of discussion on the current risks in the company. The article deals with the partial results of the empirical questionnaire survey which was completed in 2018 at the Tomas Bata University in Zlín in the Czech Republic. The survey was made among SMEs in the Czech Republic (408 respondents), Slovakia (487), Poland (489) and Hungary (388). The questionnaire included questions about the importance of risks and the concept of risk management in the company. Three research questions were set. To test the formulated research questions, the following statistical tools, such as pivot table, relative and absolute frequency, the Chi-Square calculator for 5 x 5 Contingency Table and Z-score, were used. Finally, the result indicates a different perception of the key risks in Hungary (in comparison with other V4 countries).  There are also statistically significant differences in the frequency of discussion on the current risks in relation to the size of the company among V4 countries. The differences among the companies from V4 countries in the choice of the person responsible for risk management were proved as well. The article concludes with a discussion on the comparison of the previous international researches.
INTERNET OF THINGS IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRY 4.0: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Lampropoulos Georgios , Siakas Kerstin , Anastasiadis Theofylaktos
Published: February 2020

Due to successive technological advancements, developments and innovations, the global industrial landscape has drastically transformed over the last years. The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) aims at transforming traditional industries into intelligent ones by incorporating innovative technologies. Industry 4.0 enables physical assets to be integrated into intertwined digital and physical processes thus creating smart factories and intelligent manufacturing environments. Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing technology that has drastically contributed to the Industry 4.0 realization. IoT pursues to pervade our everyday environment and its objects, linking the physical to the digital world and allowing people and “things” to be connected anytime, anywhere, with anything and anyone ideally using any network and service. IoT is regarded as a dynamic and global network of interconnected “things” uniquely addressable, based on standard and interoperable communication protocols and with self-configuring capabilities. Despite still being at an early development, adoption and implementation stage, Industry 4.0 and IoT can provide a multitude of contemporary solutions, applications and services. Hence, they can improve life quality and yield significant personal, professional and economic opportunities and benefits in the near future. This study scrutinizes IoT in the Industry 4.0 context. More specifically, it presents related studies, describes the IoT concept and explores some of the numerous IoT application domains. Moreover, it presents and analyzes the concept of Industry 4.0 and the benefits it offers as well as the relevant key technologies (e.g. industrial internet of things (IIoT), cyber-physical systems (CPSs), cloud computing, big data and advanced data analytics). Furthermore, it describes the concept of intelligent manufacturing and highlights the main IoT and Industry 4.0 challenges and open research issues. Finally, the need for innovation in the industrial domain and the impact and benefits that IoT and Industry 4.0 provide to everyday life and industries is described.
PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN THE KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Mohammadali Zrar Mohsin , Abdulkhaliq Sabir Sadiq
Published: February 2020

Entrepreneurship as a driver of innovation and economic growth plays a key role in economic development and the appearance of knowledge and innovation-based economies. The most important effects of entrepreneurship development are increasing innovation, upgrading technology, increasing employment, producing technical knowledge, and generating income distribution at the community level, which can lead to increased national wealth and economic growth. At the moment, global developments are made entrepreneurship so important, and organizations need more innovation and entrepreneurship than ever before to adapt to new circumstances. In fact, in relation to entrepreneurship as the most important factor in economic development, organizations can gain more market share. The objectives of this study are to examine and overview the prospects and challenges of entrepreneurship in Iraq's Kurdistan region. In this regard, it can be said that with the human resources available and the valuable experiences available in the field of entrepreneurship around the world, it is necessary to plan for entrepreneurship development in the Kurdish Region of Iraq (KRI). It is revealed in this study Iraqi Kurdistan is determined can be one of the top entrepreneurial centers in the region with the scientific ability of specialists, and the potential of human resources, flexible structure and efficient technology. This paper recommended some strategies to reform and removing barriers to entrepreneurship development in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq by using factors such as entrepreneurship development and appropriate culture building, job training, setting up small business development centers, sponsoring entrepreneurs, establishing the legal framework for entrepreneurial activities, and providing spiritual support to entrepreneurs can lead to social, economic and industrial development and the declines of unemployment.
EFFECT OF THE UNIVERSITY IN THE ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION OF FEMALE STUDENTS
Authors: Bazan Carlos , Datta Aparajita , Gaultois Hannah , Shaikh Arifusalam , Gillespie Katie , Jones Jada
Published: February 2020

Many researchers have studied gender differences in the entrepreneurial intention of students by analyzing the influence of several intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. Fewer researchers have analyzed the influence of the university’s environment and support system on the precursors of the entrepreneurial intention of students in general and of female students in particular. This study aims to fill that gap by analyzing the influence of the university’s environment and support system on the precursors of entrepreneurial intention of female students at a university in Atlantic Canada. Findings of this study confirm that two precursors of entrepreneurial intention—i.e., attitude toward behavior and perceived behavioral control—mediate the effects of the university’s environment and support system on the entrepreneurial intention of female students. They also confirm that the university’s environment and support system comprises three distinct but interrelated dimensions, namely entrepreneurship training, start-up support, and entrepreneurial milieu. Results of this study also suggest that the university’s environment and support system has a positive relation with the perceived behavioral control of female students. However, findings of this study also suggest that the university’s environment and support system has a positive but negligible influence on the attitude toward the behavior of the same students. The outcomes of this study will help the university assess the efficacy of its innovation and entrepreneurship initiatives in promoting entrepreneurial activities. By understanding its entrepreneurial efficacy, the institution will be better equipped to raise the perceptions of venture feasibility and desirability, thus increasing students’ perceptions of opportunity.
Integration of textual VoC into a CX data model for business intelligence use in B2C
Authors: Sperkova Lucie
Published: February 2020

Customer experience (CX) focuses on customer feedback. CX is a holistic construct which contains different perceptual elements such as satisfaction and loyalty, but also emotions or personality. Customers share their opinions, which contain these elements also in textual expressions through different channels, known in research as Voice of Customer (VoC). Currently, VoC is collected mainly in customer surveys and manually evaluated, or through simple quantitative measurement from data scattered in various systems at the end of a customer journey. To bridge this gap, we designed a multidimensional CX data model for integrated storage of all customers’ data from structured and textual sources. A consolidated CX measurement to monitor elements of CX during the entire customer journey from the customer perspective is proposed to serve as business intelligence. The artefact offers a selfcontained expandable data mart affordable to implement in small and medium B2C enterprises. Companies can now manage customer relationships and future performance more automatically and effectively thanks to integrated information mined from texts, combined with other data from internal systems and shared across the company in unified reporting.
Design Platform Financial Aggregator in Agriculture
Authors: Amallah Binhaq Arsi
Published: February 2020

Investment in agriculture is an important factor to increase country’s revenue. At this time, investment in agriculture was decreased because of low interest from investor to join the agriculture project. This problem can be minimized by giving some information that relevant with investor’s need. Financial Aggregator is the one paradigm for collecting data to get some insight for financial transaction. This paradigm supported by technique called web scraping. Concept financial aggregator can be delivered by designing platform that contain accurate information for investor and farmer to increase their productivity especially in agriculture project. This platform will give analysis data of some agriculture startup and transform it into information that help investor to choose best investment in agriculture.
Kompetensi Baru Public Relations (PR) Pada Era Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Arief N. Nurlaela , Saputra M.Arkan Ariel
Published: February 2020

Teknologi artificial intelligence akan merevolusi semua industri, tidak hanya akan terjadi pada perusahaan besar. Tidak ada yang kebal dari disrupsi teknologi AI. Dari keuangan sampai pertanian, kesehatan dan pendidikan, public relations (PR) dan jurnalisme juga akan terkena dampaknya. Bagaimana artificial intelligence merevolusi pekerjaan PR, dan seberapa cepat perubahan ini terjadi? Saat ini kajian mengenai artificial intelligene yang berpengaruh bagi pekerjaan PR dan jurnalisme masih terbatas. Proses pengumpulan data dimulai sejak April hingga November 2018, dengan metode utama survei online diikuti oleh 220 responden dalam waktu 48 jam. Survei didistribusikan kepada praktisi PR di Indonesia. Selain itu, wawancara semi-terstruktur dilakukan dengan 10 responden. Berdasarkan penelitian, pekerjaan PR apa saja yang dapat tergantikan oleh teknologi big data dan AI antara lain : kliping berita sebanyak 45%; menganalisis berita di media sebesar 45%; hubungan media dan pemangku kepentingan sebesar 37%; manajemen konten media sosial sebesar 34%;  mendistribusikan rilis sebesar 33%; Foto dan video 24%; pekerjaan yang kemungkinan kecil untuk digantikan oleh mesin adalah presentasi atau face to face communication (18%). Sebagai kesimpulan bahwa manusia masih diperlukan pada tingkat yang lebih strategis dari aktivitas PR, seperti menganalisis data lebih lanjut hasil media monitoring,  yang sifatnya prediksi dan preventif atau preskriptif. Riset juga menghasilkan kompetensi baru public relations antara lain : kompetensi untuk data analysis, social media management, influencer dan content creator. Penelitian ini baru karena topik tentang Artificial intelligence dalam Public Relations, berdasarkan kajian praktisi di Indonesia, belum pernah dibahas sebelumnya. Riset Ini memiliki potensi untuk memiliki dampak yang cukup besar bagi profesi PR, serta dampak yang lebih luas pada penerapan manajemen komunikasi dan teknologi informasi bagi profesi PR.
Analisis Kecenderungan Keterlambatan Pembayaran Pengecekan Kapal di Pelabuhan Regional Riau
Authors: Yomeldi Hespri , Azmy Moh Roufiq , Pranita Ryche
Published: February 2020

Ship health checks must be carried out which function to provide a sailing permit. The implementation of ship health checks is carried out in collaboration with the ministry of health and transportation. The implementation of the activity, commonly known as Port Health Quarantine Clearance (PHQC) requires time to check and the ship makes a payment check to be able to issue a sailing permit. The problem that arises in the field is that the ship delays PHQC payments and then impacts on the buildup of ships in the port, besides that officers also need longer time to process the issuance of sailing permits. This of course has an impact on other port services such as dwelling time and scheduled departures that can be delayed. In overcoming this problem, an in-depth study is needed to analyze the trend of late payment of ship health checks, what variables influence it and how treatment is done to overcome these problems. Using logistic regression and decision tree with Classification and Regression Tree algorithm , a model is then developed that determines the variables that affect the delay of the ship making PHQC payments.
Strategi Transisi Kabupaten Purworejo dari E-Government menuju Smart City
Authors: Murhadi Murhadi , Jumasa Hamid M.
Published: February 2020

Starting in 2018 Purworejo district will implement governance by following the smart city system. Purworejo Government has been very serious about the planning and implementation plan of smart cities in Purworejo Regency. In the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) 2016-2021, which still projects e-government based governance, there is the term cyber city to support the implementation of more effective and efficient city governance. The transition process from e-government to smart city needs to be pursued so that the planning contained in the RPJMD can work in synergy with the Garuda Smart City Model (GSCM) adopted by Purworejo district. The transition method used is to link the programs contained in the RPJMD with the service domain, namely smart economy, smart society, and smart environment.
Effect of Special Allocation Funds (DAK), Capital Expenditures, and Investment on Economic Growth in the Sulawesi Region
Authors: Ibrahim Fera Nur Ariyani , Abdul Irawati
Published: February 2020

This study aims to analyze the effect of Special Allocation Funds, Capital Expenditures and Investment on Economic growth in the Sulawesi region. The data used are secondary data obtained from Simreg Bappenas and the Central Statistics Agency during 2007-2016. The unit of analysis is 6 provinces in the Sulawesi region. This study uses a panel data regression model with the Random Effect Model (REM) method. The results of this study indicate that, (i) the Special Allocation Fund has a negative and significant effect on economic growth in the Sulawesi region. (ii) Capital expenditure shows a positive and significant influence on economic growth in the Sulawesi region. (iii) Investment shows a positive and significant influence on economic growth in the Sulawesi region.Keywords: Special Allocation Funds, Capital Expenditures, Investment, Economic Growth, Random Effect Model (REM).
Analysis Of Factors Affecting Corn Farmers 'Revenue In Gorontalo District
Authors: Pratiwi Wiwi , Canon Syarwani
Published: February 2020

This study aims to determine what factors influence the income of corn farmers in Gorontalo district (case study of Poor Corn Farmers in Gorontalo District). The data in this study are primary data by distributing questionnaires to poor corn farmers in Gorontalo Regency. The data analysis technique in this research is multiple regression. The results of this study indicate that the factors that influence the income of poor corn farmers in Gorontalo District (1) simultaneously the area of farmer Education, number of dependents in the family, land ownership status and the use of technology in corn farming significantly influence the income of poor corn farmers) in Gorontalo Regency. (2) partially only land area and land ownership status have a significant effect on the income of poor corn farmers in Gorontalo Regency.

Keywords: Income, Corn Farming, Poor Farmers
The Effect Of Government Spending For Economic Structure Changes In Gorontalo Province
Authors: Gobel Dyna Pratama , Akib Fitri Hadi Yulia
Published: February 2020

This study aims to determine the extent of the effect of government spending on changes in economic structure in Gorontalo Province 2011-2016. This study uses panel data regression analysis, with quantitative descriptive methods. and to calculate the shift in structure in Gorontalo Province using the formula (Structural Change Index). The results showed that Government spending directed at economic development in the Province of Gorontalomen showed a positive effect, meaning that the role of the primary sector was increasing so that it did not have an impact on changes in economic structure.

Keywords: Government Spending, Economic Structural Change
Analysis of Middle Eastern Refugee Kinetics and Concept of Hijrah under Daesh
Authors: Iftikhar Waseem
Published: February 2020

The theory of Post-structuralism, parts its way from traditional Neo- Realist and Neo-Liberalist theories on the notion of state as a rational actor. The reason for this departure is that this concept discards and marginalizes others, such as non-state and trans-state actors and those persecuted by their own state such as refugees. Turmoil in Middle East has created a crucial situation surrounding refugees’ issue. As per UNHCR there are almost 4.8 Million registered Syrian refugees, the total number of refugees around the globe is much higher. Besides others, Islamic State or ISIS has been instrumental in displacing such large swaths of population out of their homes. On one hand ISIS has made the stay of locals untenable creating millions of refugees, and on the other hand, they are inviting foreign fighters to move to Syria through a more traditional Islamic concept of Hijrah (literal meanings migration). These two groups (refugees and migrants) crisscross each other on spatiotemporally variable pathways as they embark on a complex and opaque social landscape. There is a need to study the kinetics of these groups based on the ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors as theorized by Kunz in his theory of refugees and through the analysis of identifiable and identical set of discourses in contemporary refugee studies.
(Book Review) The India Pakistan Nuclear Relationship: Theories of Deterrence and International Relations by Eswaran Sridharan
Authors: Azam Aizah
Published: February 2020

The book titled ‘The India Pakistan Nuclear Relationship: Theories of Deterrence and International Relations’ offers a collection of insightful articles by different Indian and Pakistani authors. As the title suggests, the scholarship contained in the book mainly deals with the South Asian nuclear posture. The study further aims at examining the question of adequacy of deterrence and international relations theories at explaining the nuclearization doctrine of the two countries. The book also takes into account the cold war experience of deterrence and the application of those experiences to the episodic conflicts between India and Pakistan. It is a comprehensive study of nuclear doctrines of two competitors that explains theoretical relevance to nuclearization in the light of historic antagonism between the two countries. It paves the way to understand the transition that the Indian and Pakistani nuclear doctrine has been through. In doing so, the authors have also based much of their work on the monumental contributions of Barry Buzan, Ole Weaver, Bernard Brodie, Glenn Snyder and others. The passages offer a general chapter- based analysis of the publications in the book.
The Perils of E-Governance: Impact of Trump’s Tweets within US-Pakistan Relations
Authors: Javed Huma
Published: February 2020

Theory of e-governance postulates the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for delivering information, government services and transactions. It enhances efficiency and effectiveness in the government system through three main elements; improving government processes (e-administration); connecting citizens (e- citizens and e-services) and building external relations (e-society). The global political arena is witnessing an increasing number of leaders expressing their ideas, policies, and sentiments through social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and WhatsApp etc. In this vein, the US President Donald Trump stands out among most world leaders because of his excessive use of Twitter for the domestic as well as international relations,. Ever since taking over the office, President has handled thousands of tweets, with many of these influencing the US relations with foreign governments. To this end, this paper is an analysis of Trump‟s one year (June 2017 to June 2018) tweets, relating to Pakistan, and how they have affected the already deteriorating US-Pakistan relations and broader peace-building process within Pakistan
Civil Military Relation and Stabilization in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), Pakistan
Authors: Yamin Tughral
Published: February 2020

The importance of civil military relations assumes seminal importance in ensuring the success of all phases of a counter insurgency campaign. In the true tradition of the Clausewitzian dictum that war is the continuation of policy and vice versa; Pakistan Army has been employed as a matter of policy in counter insurgency operations in the erstwhile tribal areas. They have also been used in the stabilization operations to bring about normality in the insurgency ridden areas. In fact the employment of Pakistan Army in the stabilization process defies any previous example in any other country. In all phases of the conflict cycle, the military has worked hand in glove with its civilian counterparts. The civil-military coordination (CIMIC) in the insurgency ridden areas has taken place within the framework of the established ground rules of an organized counter insurgency campaign. It would not be unfair to say that the return to normality in the erstwhile FATA has only been possible because of a well-knit CIMIC architecture. This paper briefly explicates the salient points of the CIMIC aspect of the counter and post-insurgency part of the operations in the conflict zones and highlights the importance of this aspect of dealing with insurgencies.
UN Peacekeeping Operations and Successful Military Diplomacy: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Najimdeen Bakare
Published: February 2020

Few years following its creation, the United Nations (UN) with the blessing of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) decided to establish the UN Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKO), as a multilateral mechanism geared at fulfilling the Chapter VII of the UN Charter which empowered the Security Council to enforce measurement to maintain or restore international peace and security. Since its creation, the multilateral mechanism has recorded several successes and failures to its credit. While it is essentially not like traditional diplomacy, peacekeeping operations have evolved over the years and have emerged as a new form of diplomacy. Besides, theoretically underscoring the differences between diplomacy and foreign policy, which often appear as conflated, the paper demonstrates how diplomacy is an expression of foreign policy. Meanwhile, putting in context the change and transformation in global politics, particularly global conflict, the paper argues that traditional diplomacy has ceased to be the preoccupation and exclusive business of the foreign ministry and career diplomats, it now involves foot soldiers who are not necessarily diplomats but act as diplomats in terms of peacekeeping, negotiating between warring parties, carrying their countries’ emblems and representing the latter in resolving global conflict, and increasingly becoming the representation of their countries’ foreign policy objective, hence peacekeeping military diplomacy. The paper uses decades of Pakistan’s peacekeeping missions as a reference point to establish how a nation’s peacekeeping efforts represent and qualifies as military diplomacy. It also presented the lessons and good practices Pakistan can sell to the rest of the world vis-à-vis peacekeeping and lastly how well Pakistan can consolidate its peacekeeping diplomacy.
IMPROVED COMMON WEIGHT DEA-BASED DECISION APPROACH FOR ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT
Authors: Karsak E. Ertugrul , Goker Nazli
Published: February 2020

Economic and financial performance assessment possesses an important role for efficient usage of available resources. In this study, a novel common weight multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) approach based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) is presented to identify the best performing decision making unit (DMU) accounting for multiple inputs as well as multiple outputs. The robustness of the developed model, which provides a rank-order with enhanced discriminatory characteristics and improved weight dispersion, is illustrated by two case studies that aim to provide economic and financial performance assessment. The first study presents an evaluation of Morgan Stanley Capital International emerging markets, whereas the second case study ranks the Turkish deposit banks using the proposed methodology as well as providing a comparative evaluation with several other approaches addressed in earlier works. The results indicate that the introduced approach guarantees to identify the best performing DMU without including a discriminating parameter requiring an arbitrary step size value in model formulation while also achieving an improved weight dispersion for inputs and outputs.
Une zone humide perd-elle autant, moins ou davantage d’eau par évapotranspiration qu’un étang par évaporation ? Étude expérimentale en Limousin
Authors: Al Domany Mohammad , Touchart Laurent , Bartout Pascal , Choffel Quentin
Published: February 2020

Malgré la rareté des études reposant sur des méthodologies scientifiques rigoureuses pour estimer la quantité d’eau perdue des étangs français via l’évaporation, les autorités les considèrent comme une cause majeure de l’étiage estival du chevelu hydrographique de tête de bassin. L’évaporation des étangs enregistre ses taux les plus élevés en été, mais les études antérieures avaient négligé la quantité d’eau pouvant être perdue par l’évapotranspiration des plantes qui remplaceraient ces étangs s’ils étaient effacés. Dans cette recherche nous adaptons une approche basée sur l’éventuelle surévaporation qui se produit en dépassement de l’évapotranspiration du terrain qui a existé ou existera en lieu et place de la nappe d’eau libre. Des mesures directes de l’évaporation d’un étang et de l’évapotranspiration des plantes occupant le fond d’un ancien étang rompu ont été prises entre le 1 er  mars et le 30 septembre 2018 en Limousin. Les résultats montrent que la prairie humide a perdu 1,37 fois la quantité d’eau perdue par l’étang voisin. Concernant l’évapotranspiration, la comparaison entre les calculs des formules mathématiques et les mesures prises in situ montrent que la méthode de Penman-Monteith ne prend pas en considération le stade végétatif des plantes. Concernant l’évaporation, la formule « Aldomany » donne des valeurs proches des mesures réalisées sur l’étang, l’écart moyen n’étant que de 6,4 %. Les méthodes mathématiques utilisées dans cette recherche peuvent fournir des estimations acceptables de l’évapotranspiration réelle des prairies humides si le coefficient cultural calculé dans cette étude (1,37) est pris en considération.
La vulnérabilité, un concept pour le droit et la pratique judiciaire
Authors: Pierron Jean-Philippe
Published: February 2020

Jusqu'à peu la vulnérabilité ne faisait pas partie des mots des juristes. Avec la notion de vulnérabilité assisterions-nous à la naissance d'un concept ? Les précautions relatives à son usage tiendraient-elles à que ce mot cède trop au pathos et ne désignerait rien de bien consistant ; qu'il serait moins un concept qu'un mot-valise ? Ou bien l'irruption de cette notion dans l'univers juridique doit-elle être envisagée comme celle d'un impensé, cette notion venant contester le prométhéisme d'un humain qui refuserait toutes limites au nom d'une conception exaltée de l'autonomie ? Dans ce cas, existence placée sous le signe de la blessure, d'un être blessé, l'être de l'humain vulnérable révèle sa dimension dimensionnelle. La vulnérabilité serait une dimension de la condition humaine engageant son rapport au corps, au temps, à l'action, au sens et au non-sens. Lui donner une telle consistance interroge : comment le droit, du juridique au judiciaire, rend-il compte, se confronte-t-il et se constitue-t-il tout à la fois avec cette vulnérabilité ?
L'animal, prétexte d'une analyse renouvelée des relations juridiques entre l'homme et l'environnement
Authors: Billet Philippe
Published: February 2020

Le droit a partagé le monde en deux : d'un côté, les personnes ; de l'autre, les choses, tout ce qui n'est pas une personne étant nécessairement une chose, objet de droit. Ce statut de chose n'est cependant pas adapté à l'animal « être sensible » que certains voudraient voir sujet de droit et imposent de rechercher un statut alternatif. Le statut de « personne non humaine » qui est le plus souvent revendiqué est cependant sujet à caution et ne peut être envisagé qu'avec d'infinies précautions. Sans doute conviendrait-il de lui conférer un statut intermédiaire entre la personne et la chose sans en faire la personne qu'il n'est pas, même non humaine, faire du respect de l'animal une obligation effective et fonder ces obligations sur la dignité de l'homme autant que sur la dignité animale.
A Model of the Attitudinal Component of Professional Nurse Autonomy
Authors: Wade Gail Holland
Published: February 2020

This model-testing correlational study was designed to predict a causal model of the attitudinal component of professional nurse autonomy in female baccalaureate nursing students by testing three carative factors embedded in Watson’s Theory of Transpersonal Caring. Proportional quota and convenience sampling were used to collect data from 317 senior nursing students enrolled in 20 National League for Nursing-accredited baccalaureate nursing programs. Path analysis revealed that the hypothesized model was not testable. With removal of nonsignificant paths, 19.1% of the variance in perceived clinical competence was explained by self-esteem and perceptions of instructor caring behaviors. Perceptions of instructor caring behaviors, self-esteem, and perceived clinical competence contributed 11.1% to the variance in the attitudinal component of professional nurse autonomy. These findings provide a baseline for understanding the attitudinal component of professional nurse autonomy. A large percentage of the variance in the model was unexplained, suggesting the need for further study of other contributing variables.
Application of the Caring Curriculum to Education of Hispanic/Latino and American Indian Nursing Students
Authors: Evans Bronwynne C.
Published: February 2020

To increase work force diversity and decrease health disparities, students of color must be successful in nursing programs. Unfortunately, the literature describes numerous barriers to these students’ success, originating in both the socioeconomic and cultural environment in which they live and work, and in schools of nursing. In this study, seven filmed interviews of Hispanic/Latino and American Indian nurses were examined for barriers to educational success. Eighteen barriers to success were identified, examples of these barriers were extracted from the data, and the caring curriculum was proposed as one possible solution for removing or mitigating these barriers. Principles of the caring curriculum were then used to provide a framework for suggested retention strategies for Hispanic/Latino and American Indian nursing students.
Educating Nursing Students with Disabilities: One Nurse Educator’s Journey from Questions to Clarity
Authors: Arndt Mary E.
Published: February 2020

Nurse educators are increasingly facing accommodation of students with disabilities in their nursing curricula, and questions regarding issues of fairness to all students and patient safety often rise. Several schools and state boards of nursing have turned to writing lists of essential functions of nursing to provide a framework. Before the list is written, educators need to examine their own thoughts on the definition of nursing and the abilities essential to functioning as a nurse.
Teaching Cultural Competence Using an Exemplar from Literary Journalism
Authors: Anderson Kathryn L.
Published: February 2020

Fadiman’s work of literary journalism,
The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down,
was used as a case study to teach transcultural and other nursing concepts to undergraduate nursing students. Campinha-Bacote’s model of cultural competence was used to organize transcultural nursing concepts in the course. Before and after the course, students completed assessments consisting of two cultural attitude questionnaires and a paper describing a personal experience with adherence and failure to adhere by a Mexican American client. After reading Fadiman’s book and completing several short writing assignments examining key course concepts, student scores on the questionnaires were mostly unchanged. However, students demonstrated growth in cultural awareness and skill in their “after” papers. Results suggest that valid, reliable tools are needed to detect changes in cultural competence. Qualitative data suggest that students can begin the process of becoming culturally competent through the creative use of literature in nursing education.
Performance and Satisfaction of Second-Degree BSN Students in Web-Based and Traditional Course Delivery Environments
Authors: Kearns Lauren E. , Shoaf Jennifer R. , Summey Marguerite B.
Published: February 2020

The rapid growth of Web-based education presents many challenges for educational institutions. Educators are obligated to ascertain that Web-based courses and curricula meet students’ needs, while achieving curricular objectives. Performance of second-degree bachelor of science in nursing students enrolled in two course delivery methods (i.e., Web-based and traditional classroom with Web enhancements) was evaluated by comparing mean aggregate final course grades and composite examination scores. In addition, factors that contributed to student satisfaction with the method of course delivery were identified.

Students in the Web-based course scored significantly higher on both performance measures, whereas students in the traditional course were more satisfied. These data suggest that Web-based courses and curricula are valid alternatives to the traditional classroom method, and may help reverse today’s nursing environment of cyclical shortages and declining nursing school enrollments.
Learning and Living Health: College Students’ Experiences with an Introductory Health Course
Authors: Clemmens Donna , Engler Arthur , Chinn Peggy L.
Published: February 2020

Despite the
Healthy People 2010
initiative and the national focus on promoting healthy lifestyle strategies, studies indicate that U.S. citizens are becoming more obese, and that rates of depression, diabetes, hypertension, homicide, and suicide are increasing. The college campus provides a microcosm of the health issues facing the nation, with college students’ reports of increased risk behaviors evident in higher rates of smoking and binge drinking. Faculty in schools of nursing are in an ideal position to develop and provide health promotion and illness prevention programs, both for their own nursing students and for a broader campus-wide student population. This article describes a research study that course faculty conducted during the first year of implementation, designed to evaluate the extent to which participation in the “Introduction to Health” coursework and related activities influenced students’ health-related behaviors.
An Action Research on the Development of a Caring Curriculum in Taiwan
Authors: Lee-Hsieh Jane , Kuo Chien-Lin , Tsai Ya-Hsun
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to plan, develop, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of the first-year course of a 5-year nursing caring curriculum. An action research method involving participant observation investigated how 18 instructors in a junior college nursing program implemented caring in the course. Data gathered through observation, interviews, and questionnaires were used for evaluation and revision of the course. Results included development of the framework for the caring curriculum and the contents of the first-year course, Introduction to Caring. Course content included the concepts of caring (“love and sincerity,” “caring communication,” “empathy and respect,” “acceptance and trust,” and “offering of self”), performance of caring actions (“care of self,” “care of family members,” and “care of peers”), and caring motivations (“caring reinforcing factors” and “caring restraining factors”). Teaching strategies included role modeling, dialogue, reflection, journaling, and caring groups. Evaluation showed that student caring knowledge, attitudes, and behavior improved after course implementation.